americans ago ago today earth grip ice age lived americas live asia wandered north america firstcomers found continent ice age peoples hunters move place place search food killed giant elephants called mammoths spearpoints found places north america scientists say hunting women ice age fished food gathered wild fruits roots seeds eat farming invented writing firstcomers leave written records leave evidence scientists date study evidence important item piece giant jigsaw puzzle pieces tell fairly accurate story safe say americans asians sure group arrived ago groups peopling america asia slow process
country look live lonely place parts north america thick forests squirrels jump tree tree hundreds miles landing ground parts land empty plains deserts cities highways towns widely scattered indian settlements addition spanish forts florida known fort st augustine founded fort attacked frequently burned british french tiny stronghold managed survive claims honor oldest european settlement united states today north america mexico sparsely settled wilderness europeans wanted live eager english english women willing risk lives america answer question examine conditions england describe appearance united states oldest european settlement united states today want leave england america england proud strong nation navy england defeated armada peace war enemy spain english enjoyed liberty rights europe
roger williams wife mary arrived boston future looked bright williams reputation lawyer exciting preacher reason offered choice job massachusetts bay colony puritan leaders invited minister important church colony surprise williams turned job agree puritans ideas troubles began grew arrived williams wife newborn child named freeborne ordered leave massachusetts midst bitter winter loyal friends set rhode island williams banished committed crime harmed contrary friendly beloved leaders colonies williams hold ideas considered dangerous puritans warned ideas spoke mind town meetings pulpits churches colony listen saying punished believed wanted give money church fine forced pay taxes support church
react constitution constitution public gave reasons objecting afraid giving power government especially national government feared powerful government bad government want trampled british government trampled pointed important part missing constitution bill rights bill protect citizens government guaranteeing rights freedom speech fair trial court guarantees opponents felt sense supporting constitution americans realized united states grow prosper united country strong government needed understood constitution written thomas jefferson wrote constitution unquestionably wisest presented added changing constitution assembling wise assembling armies worth reasons americans object constitution americans favor constitution constitution approved rhode island refused send delegates philadelphia called special convention vote constitution states ratified approved plan government effect
americans won freedom britain set forming government spanish trying settle california present california largest population union known fertile farmland spain hard finding settlers california government promised settlers cows sheep goats land clothing farm tools seeds addition families paid ten dollars month residence california considerable sum money settlers excused paying taxes takers finally spanish developed plan speed settlement california similar successfully frontier mexico plan compared table legs leg institution special purpose leg military presido presidios forts garrisons set entrances california harbors monterey santa barbara san diego san francisco purpose defend california foreign invaders turned soldiers biggest enemy boredom guns presidio san francisco fired anger leg mission missions important institutions california franciscan priests padres set missions primary purpose missions religious
war hawks war hawks members congress wanted war england south west special reason angry england british canada stirring indians frontier british driven canada insisted american frontier family safe war hawks deserve special mention elected congress young leaders nation forty hoped elected president war hawks henry clay kentucky john calhoun south carolina henry clay enjoyed ease listened problems knew speak clay speeches move laughter tears small wonder elected speaker house representatives soon arrived washington exception held post secretary finally united states senator tall commanding figure heavy shock hair piercing eyes john calhoun brilliant mind calhoun plantation owner marriage leading defender slavery clay calhoun speaker clay moved audiences wit charm calhoun force brilliance
sam houston won grand list titles think honors heaped case complex colorful led stormy failed things wanted secure treatment indians prevent civil war courage understood died houston born virginia father manage money died left family poor luckily sam mother equal task rearing children packed moved east tennessee frontier bought acres ha built home put children clearing planting farm sam farm clerking local store tried envied cherokee lived forest nearby ran join worried mother brothers searched later returned home mother recognized cherokees called raven adopted clothes lifestyle rest sam houston rarity frontier true friend indians respected worked rights
north south sections grow family sections country grew roots civil war north south chart page shows important differences caused south turn north problem impossible solve thomas jefferson put south wolf ears hold wolf let wolf course problem slavery early country including jefferson sure slavery disappear thought americans free government taking action americans ahead freed slaves gave slaves chance buy freedom slaves ran believed slavery expensive die southerners slavery south alive felt sorry peculiar institution making human beings slaves feeling southerners changed
george washington father country abraham lincoln twins lincoln holds equal place washington country history born log cabin kentucky lincoln son frontier grew forests indiana illinois panther screams filled night fear young abe spent youth chopping trees clear woods farm land seldom school according lincoln schooling lincoln ambitious loved write read favorite books read favorites bible memorized hundreds passages knew detail contents book bible liked shakespeare fables robinson crusoe working clerk country store lincoln lawyer later fell love law love affair lasted lifetime looking account books think took cases love money charged clients times charges lincoln enjoyed politics served illinois legislature united states congress ran senate stephen douglas defeated lincoln won greater prize elected president united states reelected
immigration increase brother michael arrived days ago eat bread meat lady gave today place stay tonight mary trying feel sorry statements simply telling truth mary michael decided united states parents died stay native ireland million irish died starvation potato crop failed mary michael parents mary michael arrived york city carried suitcases didn clothes rolled bundles carried arms expect live strange country mary explained york committee read middling write middling michael willing mary michael unusual millions stories similar united states europe continents represented immigrants poor person united states immigrants full hope believed united states country
workers discontented glitters gold goes saying civil war american workers began truth saying immigrants europe blacks moving north young farms attracted glitter jobs industries boomed invention heels invention employers hired women children factory wheels turning jobs turn gold workers hoped workers reasons complaining jobs important wages low hours steel mills workers toiled twelve hours days week earned cents hour city department stores worked morning night coal miners machine operators clothing industries earned cents hour prices lower today course impossible workers save money illness accidents age argued employers asked wages working conditions fired jobs steady put hours workers times idleness coal miners laid winter pennsylvania miners averaged working days
greatest detective stories written spanish american war scientists matched wits killer yellow fever dread disease claimed lives thousands women children able find scientists thought transferred infected person diseases believed yellow fever germs hidden food bedding clothing thought disease caused filth cities cleaned clean yellow fever disappear kindly dr carlos finlay cuba idea theory true yellow fever suspected bite mosquito variety called stegomyia listened dr finlay american doctor walter reed june dr reed appointed head person team investigate yellow fever ordered havana cuba drs james carroll jesse lazear aristides agramonte united states surgeon general told team find yellow fever quickly reed doubted finlay july reed visit army barracks epidemic yellow fever broken case caught attention soldier locked guardhouse ill yellow fever days later died
ford president millions television viewers saw history making august early morning nixon family emotional farewell members cabinet white house staff began trip home san clemente california nixon plane flying kansas presidency official end washington gerald ford sworn president united states chief justice warren burger administered oath office ford noon nixon nominated ford replace agnew congress approval gerald ford president appointed elected highest office land ford sought reassure fellow americans short speech chosen secret ballot gained office secret promises sought enormous responsibility shirk president spoke crisis nation passed ford national nightmare constitution works republic government laws ford modest manner reputation honesty reassuring americans words ford lincoln remind listeners loved family enjoyed sports home smaller communities united states
minority group beginning united states citizens freedom liberty country seen study american history groups united states times experienced discrimination prejudice groups times strong efforts obtain full civil rights progress united states equal opportunity citizens minority groups struggling full rights minority group political economic power dominant group society major minority groups united states today blacks hispanics spanish speaking native americans handicapped women considered minority group represent percent population women political economic power section look progress groups recent minority group major minority groups united states today affirmative action affirmative action refers plans programs aimed making past discrimination aimed blacks programs extended minorities efforts give minority persons special advantages getting jobs training promotions higher education cases percentage quota goal minority hiring admission affirmative action underway president kennedy signed executive order
study american history met twenty groups featured historymakers actions affected events lifetimes influence felt today affects live words quoted speeches books newspapers television programs motion pictures lives historymakers future twenty overcome handicaps jane addams theodore roosevelt franklin roosevelt lives race henri christophe john ross martin luther king jr historymakers future run president political arena historymakers twenty run president start social movements important discoveries affect history dramatic ways affect vote pay taxes serve armed forces actions matters grouped actions americans decided elections part trends suppose knew eighties known historymaker want change lives future americans possibilities
political map shows borders countries shows divisions inside countries states shows cities shows important landforms rivers lakes mountains kinds information find political map united states pages map map legend map legend tells symbols map mean legend map tells dotted line stands border symbol stands national boundary map imagine airplane traveling northwest country traveling florida oregon trace route map look plane window able tell cross border lines political map show borders lines painted land mark border borders formed natural features things earth nature river forms part border look political map trace route mississippi river longest river country borders formed river think imaginary airplane trip tell plane crosses mississippi arkansas mississippi river border states
maps studying helpful showing face land suppose want shape united states relation rest earth maps flat drawings early mapmakers showed earth flat later learned show earth round hard flat surface mapmakers ways show earth map view called projection projection distorts earth features shapes areas look look polar map page farther north pole distorted landmasses look globe accurate earth looks globe round map earth shows shape earth distortion halfway north pole south pole equator equator imaginary line runs east west earth find equator globe page northern hemisphere half earth north equator think half earth south equator called look globe hemisphere united states located notice lines running east west globe
west plains rocky mountains donna says manuel region mountains high western highlands region says donna rocky mountains high appalachian mountains look snow mountain tops peaks high snow melts summer says america beautiful purple mountain majesties fruited plain crossing rocky mountains notice land getting dry high plateaus plateau terry tells place flat land rises land plateaus rise big dry basins basin sunken place surface land places basins dry deserts places rivers cut huge canyons plateau coming biggest canyon grand canyon places half kilometers deep surprised beautiful colors land agree grand canyon breathtaking pass mines terry tells western highlands region minerals minerals found gold silver uranium copper lead soon mountains rachel says region pacific mountain region tall mountains rich river valleys ahead tall sierra nevada
native americans live land believe asia thousands ago continent land bridge stretched siberia alaska land bridge map page today water bering strait separates siberia alaska thousands crossed land bridge america americans hunters small groups herds animals wandered land bridge hunters depended animals food herds moved deeper continent north america hunters scientists say americans began arriving ago say ago movement began centuries herds hunters moved south traveled pacific coast moved climates kinds land look map page trace routes native americans icy land alaska gradually reached warmer climate lands pacific northwest native americans stayed moved settled rich california lands dry sunny southwest moved east settled plains farther mississippi river atlantic coast
naka young member chinook stories lived pacific northwest tall forest covered mountains sweep cold pacific ocean search food green rain soaked land food ocean rivers today busy naka winter coming move summer fishing village beach mountains mountains naka safe wet winter storms soon hit coast naka helping family pack fills large box cedar cedar trees grow wood handy naka things naka house family shares families cedar planks cedar planks bring planks build house naka family live winter family wood winter home weeks canoe builders village hollowing cedar log fire stone tools log shaped canoe carry family naka family need canoe river thick forests spring summer village catching salmon fill nearby streams
began coming land native americans europeans spaniards gold glory god french search wealth hoped rich trapping animals selling skins dutch looking farmland scarce country english escape land growing overcrowded find religious freedom africa america explorers guides indentured servants brought slaves european settlers europeans explorers traveled continents north south america mapping lands waterways explorers claimed huge territories property governments paved group settlers settlements established colonies colonies places control country colonies ruled country settlers colonies important parent countries spain france netherlands england dreams building empires empire group countries peoples ruler countries wanted extend power property borders needed colonies dream true colonies supply european countries furs food minerals wood european countries richer europeans small bands numbers
farm guy macgregor knows city lived family tobacco plantation south carolina dream charleston guy older brother charleston brought tales fine clothes beautiful houses guy things fact dreams living charleston dream wait guy labor needed plantation labor family indentured servants slaves home guy family story wooden building small cabins servants slaves live barn tobacco stored stable horses shed blacksmith works blacksmith slave skilled shoeing horses making metal tools begins early plantation family oversee slaves women children fields field slaves tend tobacco crop women family oversee house slaves slaves prepare food weave cloth tend vegetable gardens morning indentured servants teaches children family read write slave children taught lessons south carolina colonies law teach slaves read write
look map page shows north america period change began european countries claimed vast lands continent country claimed territory west english colonies west colonists wanted move course french want native americans lived native americans knew farmers cleared land game foods depended destroyed knew driven land fight native americans land french native americans joined fight english colonists fought alongside english troops french native americans war called french indian war french forced surrender map bottom page shows surrender meant french land claims america land french lose english country land french west english land extend colonists happy victory french lands west settle colonists expected english troops stay protect native americans land wanted english government ideas war expensive england protecting colonists native american attack territory cost money
american troops suffered hardship danger battlefield americans suffered home abigail adams living boston area battles raging husband john adams philadelphia member continental congress wrote letters reported conditions home charlestown boston laid ashes battle began bunker hill saturday morning clock ceased clock sunday afternoon fallen constant roar cannon distressing eat drink sleep supported sustained dreadful conflict month later shortages suffering article scarce expensive weeks able purchase article kind imagine need common small articles manufactured pin purchased love money abigail adams mind war independence colonies thinking independence women wanted congress hear declared independence draw code laws remember ladies generous favorable ancestors put unlimited power hands husbands
million slaves tended houses worked fields southern planters slaves worked craftspeople owners plantations southern towns cities skilled carpenters blacksmiths shoemakers hundreds jobs southerners believed slaves slaves feel owned person slaves denied human rights control lives allowed read write whipped fast tried escape slaves property owners bought sold auction person offered highest price members family bought slaves saw families try imagine sold highest bidder look picture slave auction think slaves thinking slaves treated varied greatly owners kind cruel living conditions slaves depended kind conditions skilled slaves skills money owners blacksmith hired shoe horses tools slave owner collect pay skilled slaves earned profits owners treated fairly
war sides evenly matched confederacy won battles union won battles battles turned war favor north general robert lee commander southern forces june tried invade north marching troops virginia pennsylvania troops met union soldiers gettysburg pennsylvania july bloody battle lee troops defeated virginia battle raging south west vicksburg mississippi vicksburg south major port mississippi river captured july union troops led general ulysses grant victory union gained control mississippi river splitting confederacy difficult south supply troops general grant commander northern armies armies lee grant fought bloody battles finally begun civil war ended april general lee surrendered troops general grant ceremony took place appomattox court house virginia general lee speak troops boys home citizens soldiers proud
transcontinental railroad soon joined western railroads helped bring newcomers plains rocky mountains west civil war remember miners california search gold stayed continued look gold joined miners gold silver found hills mountains nevada colorado metals served magnet drawing lucky found rich deposits gold silver struck rich famous american writer mark twain visited nevada excitement felt mine worth ago selling foot centimeters mine named grown short talking marvels tom sold mine cent months ago john jones sold half interest mine gold coin widow brewster struck rich sold tiny part mine spring didn money buy hat lucky twain struck rich miners towns grew overnight
learned read book american history series challenges met overcome problems continue challenge nation likely arise future challenges face citizen united states citizen chapter problems solved say today friends spite difficulties frustrations moment dream dream deeply rooted american dream dream nation rise live true meaning creed hold truths evident created equal words young minister named martin luther king jr urged americans end discrimination dr king speaking discrimination black words dream struggling equal rights united states civil rights rights citizens equal treatment laws country sounds fair black americans struggle civil rights slavery abolished end civil war prejudice blacks end blacks voting choose representatives protect rights black laws passed southern states hard blacks jobs
united states rich country share equally wealth americans poor members groups americans living poverty poverty condition poor poverty exists parts country poor live farms cities poor united states history americans believed hard rewarded happened belief depression later part century harder harder find machines jobs jobs today demand skills education skills find poverty mean poor face daily struggle meet basic needs find difficult afford housing eat children poor parents stay school learn skills help jobs young low paying jobs help families poverty creates poverty government help poor president lyndon johnson called war poverty told nation war poverty struggle simply support struggle give chance effort let develop abilities share promise nation
americans simply stop natural resources quickly stop producing pollutes environment unfortunately solutions easy sound thing growing population needs resources goods population united states nearly doubled size thing americans requires products energy feel electricity imagine able light house think feel wash clothes hand washing machine things stand producing americans began buying fewer goods fewer jobs addition steps manufacturers avoid polluting environment adds cost goods problem continues americans willing give protect environment ago president kennedy spelled nation challenge challenge americans task generation hand natural wealth beauty happening natural resources united states pollution effects pollution environment stands saving natural resources ending pollution
larry things bad larry larry wanted larry home father father asked help cook eggs lunch yes larry larry helped cook eggs yellow funny larry father saw larry didn look happy eggs bad larry eggs school larry paint flower larry painted blue yellow thought looked larry saw flower boys painted big red bird flower bad thought larry couldn paint flower larry thought morning boy larry school ted teacher boys girls morning ted say word look teacher boys girls looked shoes teacher told boy sit larry morning ted larry want flower painted ted quiet say yes
lisa grandma tell story lisa grandmother story ivan lisa green humming cat lisa grandma goes lisa ivan shop ice cream saw selling balloons let balloon ivan lisa won ice cream mister want balloon lisa money girl balloon balloon want hums give money hummer lisa ivan wanted bright green balloon wanted hummer gave money hummer put hummer balloon began blow blew blew blew big green cat mister fine green cat lisa balloon put string cat gave string lisa thank mister lisa fine green cat took string cat air stayed ivan soon green cat began hum lisa happy humming green cat balloon lisa ivan walked street
brown bear lived woods bears brown bear thought special saw brown bear looked sad special bear cave watched deer saw deer eating leaves trees decided wanted deer eat leaves trees special brown bear found branches cave put branches head sure couldn fall worked looking quiet deer show friends special deer bears asked branches head cave took branches head decided special horse horse fish seen horse lake trotted lot worked looking horse trotted lake saw horses bears show horse fish laughed seen funny looking silly horse brown bear cave
morning lucky river catch fish big surprise river water dry rocks lucky ran home tell father live river need water lucky father dry bed river walk river bed takes find river walked hills saw water river giant lived hills put river water wall lake giant saw father river law giant land father giant task giant give ask part law asked giant task want task father looked giant shoes put look smart thought father smart sure task father giant put big foot hill
winifred gave things gave street knew things winifred thank winifred happy knew didn mean thank didn winifred presents woman door winifred things don signs signs winifred idea winifred idea country family saw kinds signs home winifred sat began signs seen country signs wanted winifred put signs house kinds stopped buy eggs flowers asked buy dogs asked buy house house signs mad yelled winifred things sale winifred took signs put garbage winifred happy winifred began couldn stop saw sign wanted winifred zoo
winifred wanted run winifred wanted hide winifred wanted fly didn called window wait wait wait winifred ran street sorry sorry called didn mean scare street stopped yelling looked winifred quiet woman door things going winifred girl tell signs help house winifred helped woman house sat talked walked slowly police officers drove took winifred signs winifred house idea crayons paints big sign friend helped winifred put sign doorway winifred lot order bob cook tree house sign door sign baby street saw signs winifred tiny sign woman door wanted cat sign cat winifred happy things
look sky clouds clouds drops water ice air high earth jump bird fly clouds earth kinds clouds high middle low sky main kinds clouds called cirrus cumulus stratus clouds tell look tell sky cirrus clouds white feathery highest clouds called mares tails cumulus clouds puffy look cauliflowers flat bottom cumulus clouds moving low sky cloud cauliflower stratus clouds low wide flat gray called high fogs rain snow fall stratus clouds fog cloud water drops cloud ground live high mountain lot fog fog yard ago looked clouds saw things saw giants animals ships castles sayings clouds help tell rain sayings travelers
pennies pocket give henry henry lot pennies loved count counted sunday asked going pennies henry didn thought candy buy pennies think big boys took candy boys didn candy mother let candy wasn find hide candy room baby sister sure find henry asked pennies school friend chippy going fair fair asked henry fair school playground friday chippy fun candy things eat pony rides lot things buy mother running white elephant sale white elephant sale zowee henry zowee night henry asked mother fair yes happy yelled zowee
morning fair henry jumped bed fast breakfast ran room put pennies special sock put sock coat pocket ran school school asked sock henry didn want didn let sock morning henry friend chippy hear pennies sock gee henry awful lot money sock lot cookies candy money couldn henry chippy knew pennies didn henry put peanuts sock peanuts present snowdrop school henry ran door fast chippy ran boys playground saw balloons tables food chippy stopped hot dog cookies henry walked want ride pony asked girl big hat thanks henry tell white elephant sale think side playground girl henry scared late began run saw chippy mother table
henry leave white elephant sale saw move table thing moved box holes white henry walked box rabbit white snow henry put hand feel rabbit soft put nose henry hand chippy mother watching collar leash don play grass chippy mother gave collar leash henry put rabbit took rabbit box hopped hopped hopped henry stopped stopped henry laughed looked think want eat grass bet thought green grass house thought doghouse lived henry put hand soft thought happy soft white rabbit baby sister think wanted rabbit henry called chippy wait gee rabbit chippy mother fair soon boys henry snowdrop snowdrop asked henry white rabbit chippy mother
rico lived big city ran flower shop rico loved flowers flowers quiet rico loved quiet city rico lived quiet saw car bus rico yelled quiet quiet rico don city don move rico didn move city flower shop red pony rico pony boys girls loved shop jumped pony put money red pony pony children liked pretend liked pretend country yelled look look pony happy quiet rico pony shop yelled children quiet quiet rico yelled children ran rico yelled rico shop looked boys girls thought thought put sign red pony sign
woods stream lies worn stone big bear gray rain cloud moss gardens grow ridges humps ferns cast shadows lace sides puddle water lies lake top butterflies sit nearby stone stream woods tiny country forests valleys pools creatures live lives hunting sleeping working stone summer dawns deep stone mole cricket moves fuzzy hairs cover fur feet small shovels dig soil hunts food works ground stone breathes belly hears knees smells antennae sees thousands parts eyes hatching spring knees heard mole cricket antennae smelled summer antennae stretched sniffed scent mole cricket peered roots looking furry backs shovels knees tunneling searched worked bottom stone sow bug gently touched antenna mole cricket tucked head pulled feet rolled ball
twenty days inside hector getting going easy wall hector hector tried kicking move legs curled tightly jammed wall crowded small space thing hector move head head break wall needed sharp point hole course tooth tooth tool hector tooth needed eating food big yellow food bag gotten tube tummy tooth going handy hector pulled head pushed tooth wall hard push push push happened hector tried push push push hector happy things working crowded thought maybe stay put thought sure stay crowded big yellow bag food
egg hatched saw joe champigny backyard talk hey joe guess hatched egg duck joe asked nope turkey nope give hint legs joe looked wrinkled face ducks wasn going told dinosaur real live dinosaur think aw joe kidding honest look horns face squatted dinosaur nest joe didn eyes dark jeepers big lizard poisonous sure looks poisonous don thought ask dr ziemer dinosaur joe champigny big lizard idea dinosaur anyway dr ziemer dr ziemer works museum knows dinosaurs things knew egg going hatch knew kind egg think joe dr ziemer making fun didn agree joe dr ziemer
jill turned looked room wondered baby ants wall stack tiny white eggs eggs piled neat rows smaller end larger end ants moved front row licking egg quick black tongues babies eat nannie hungry heard jill agreed clean guess nurses washing eggs dear nannie eggs clean fed show newest babies nannie pointed smallest eggs laid today end wall older babies days feeding grown fat ready hatched larvae jill want say heard eggs growing larger laid idea larvae asked babies eat idea bottles food babies milk nannie don baby ants nannie stopped talking moved antennae turned nurses room
careful cried jill choke bless heart nannie supposed soon spin thread wrapped neatly sack pupa pupae fed fact impossible feed pupae cocoons tightly wrapped thread laid neat rows looked white packages sign pale worm inside delivery room babies coming pupae nannie delivery room busy place nearly neat rooms nursery cocoons piled neat rows lying nurses running trying cocoons moving gave twitch jerk tossing jumping bits popping corn lay empty pupa lay tiny dark insect looked larger ants strange soft body babies cried jill excitement shouldn left floor cold don touch nannie yelled haven cocoons skins harden
girl lived apartment house york city mama papa brother harry fancy papa lucky bathroom mrs ginzburg lived downstairs lucky bathroom share bathrooms hall mama wonderful cook known finest chicken soup york city mama gefilte fish mama gefilte fish fall jewish spring festival passover loved mama gefilte fish tell secret put piece mouth mama gefilte fish carp holidays carp hard find stores ladies neighborhood buying gefilte fish mama liked buy carp week early wanted nicest fattest shiniest mama knew dead fish sitting icebox week gefilte fish mama bought fish live carried home pail water home fish flopped flipped big bucket
children elementary school york wanted help animals danger extinct children american museum natural history talk gene agustin agustin zoologist scientist studies animals talk help agustin children let try understand things problem animals today danger extinct children learned ddt hurt animals re agustin ddt things harm animals sprayed air reasons animals danger extinct look skin baby seal ugly spot seal hit club want club seal agustin explained hunters club seals death seal fur coats seals killed kinds seals danger extinct makes sad think wearing skin baby seal tiger danger extinct kill tigers skins pay lot money coat rug tiger skin wrong anyway
tooth comes animal danger extinct indian elephant elephant danger extinct elephants don fur don explained agustin kill elephants trophies curios elephant foot umbrella stand kill elephants tusks feel proud kill big animal proud killing elephant children wanted animals saved extinct think agustin told ethiopia animal called oryx kind antelope kill oryx skin ago ethiopia decided try save oryx government united states herd formed small herd oryx arizona growing larger looks saved oryx save animals help thing learn problems facing animals today agustin tell families friends learn join organizations trying save animals write letters government tell feel animals killed reason
feelings bad spring put seeds big flower pot green leaves seeds grew grew fall big red beets pot mother cut cooked felt proud watered seeds took care think beets working hard helps felt proud liked beets brother makes fun table keeps calling names keeps making funny faces feel yelling feel angry try hear saying try think things mean bad things says say bad things brother don mean fridays mother takes shopping show game want buy says says feel mother love drive home don say mother asks school friends tell
allen sister brothers jenny oldest mike howard allen youngest smallest played street mother told allen stay sister brothers jenny mike howard fast lots places stayed allen caught hurry allen call running allen heard ice cream giving free samples ran ice cream truck run allen mike hurry ice cream wasn giving free samples saw feather mail letter let help howard allen jenny running mike howard helped feather mail letter mike monkey tree block think zoo don stop howard called allen hurry ran block wasn monkey tree boy looking birds nests chased big dog maybe lost jenny catch reward chased park allen running
allen hot breath started stepped shoelace fell lay grass felt allen called jenny allen called mike howard didn move fuzzy green worm grass wanted crawl hand lay crawl hand bluejay scolded waved flew looked sky white clouds things saw funny face chicken woman chair heard jenny say allen heard mike say howard jenny matter looked didn let leave mike re going leave allen howard leave jenny allen didn don stubborn jenny look big slug allen mike look limp flopped grass soft soft asked howard grass mike soft bed howard tried lay soft smells smells grapes watermelons mike jenny tell howard
isabel saw kitten side street sitting blue car kitten isabel kitten looked isabel big yellow eyes isabel took car saw leg hurt care isabel put hand soft black fur home kitten gave happy cry going call fluff soft isabel isabel ran home carry kitten hand books stopped door put fluff coat soon isabel rang bell mother door gave isabel big hug fluff gave cry isabel mother let put books isabel ran room found shoe box fluff home lots friends kitten hand show fluff animals room pili bird isabel wing hurt soon fine snake don close look micifus found friend isabel didn hear door open showing fluff pets
rest isabel thought thought didn going pets give friends let pets fluff care timi dog want school asked friends wanted pets didn isabel felt sad home saw father don pets school wants father sorry sad isabel think animals sure room garage throw things papa thank isabel hugging father papa let room soon isabel father cleaning garage threw paint cans threw isabel baby bike threw wood cracked room pets side garage isabel took pili bird snake garage took fish turtles cats micifus fluff garage isabel sat pets told home
boy lived mother father grandmother thinking birthday thinking anyway remembers birthday mother tell mother part birthdays remember telling sorry forgot boy yes mother part birthdays remember grandma getting boy birthday birthdays mother aunty asked boy lives remember birthdays mother daddy busy busy remember birthdays mother boy maybe put circle calendar wouldn telling mother calendar wall put big circle birthday tell grandma birthday aunty daddy boy remember remember birthday remember
lovely road runs ixopo hills hills grass covered rolling lovely singing road climbs miles carisbrooke mist look fairest valleys africa grass bracken hear forlorn crying titihoya birds veld valley umzimkulu journey drakensberg sea river hill hill mountains ingeli east griqualand grass rich matted soil holds rain mist seep ground feeding streams kloof tended cattle feed fires burn laying bare soil stand unshod ground holy creator guard care keeps guards cares destroy destroyed stand grass rich matted soil rich green hills break fall valley falling change nature grow red bare hold rain mist streams dry kloofs
small toy train climbs narrow gauge umzimkulu valley hills climbs carisbrooke stops moment look valley likely train leave leave matter cripple run catch mist valley mist swirl train small find cold gloomy find mystery fascination prelude adventure intimation unknown train passes fancy look misty panes green shadowy banks grass bracken season grow blue agapanthus wild watsonia red hot poker happens glimpse arum dell dim wall wattles ghosts mist interesting wait train carisbrooke climbs valley tell whistle road farm river
place sleep friend house woman mrs lithebe member church msutu speaks zulu think honour priest house cheap shillings week meals mission bell wash hands washed hands modern place white basin water cold hot towels worn white modern lavatory finished pressed rod water rushed broken frightened heard things room table laid met priests white black sat grace ate bit nervous plates knives forks watched things likewise sat young rosy priest england asked black priest cried ixopo father mother alive valley lufafa told places hills valleys country
kumalo waiting msimangu shanty town spent gertrude child child small boy turned enjoyment young twenties sister born intimacy parson sober dull doubt hair turning white young woman expect talk deep things johannesburg things saddened perplexed found occupation heavy things heavy woman standard country school respectful behooved elder brother parson exchanged conventional conversation speak things fall floor crying weeping mrs lithebe gertrude talked simply things dear heart women worked sang performance daily tasks yes small boy turned enjoyment bought child cheap wooden blocks played endlessly intently purpose obscure adult mind completely absorbing
thinking msimangu sitting train sophiatown rest kumalo looked rest mean anxious young reformatory searching tuesday tomorrow ezenzeleni place blind hold service attend night sleep return telephone superintendent ask rest fine place chapel ground falls feet valley lift spirits white blind return strengthened friend spoken superiors agreed help till young found kind pleasant evening mission house father vincent rosy priest talked place kumalo lived worked white turn spoke country hedges fields westminster abbey cathedrals land
live put locks doors fine fierce dog fine fierce bitch door pups hold handbags tenaciously beauty trees night raptures lovers stars things forego forego coming home drunken midnight streets evening walk star lit veld careful knock lives knock lives hedge safety precaution lives shrink lives superior beings live fear fear unknown conscience thrust light extinguished put bushel preserved generation live think holding meeting parkwold tonight held night turffontein hold tomorrow night mayfair ask police heavier sentences native housebreakers death penalty carry weapons break ask native policy show natives master curb activities kafferboeties communists
let rooms mrs lithebe husband builder honest blessed children built fine big house room eat live rooms sleep priest glad priest prayers house gertrude child belong priest strangers money sad priest sad gertrude child saddest son goodness doubt kind gentle treats courtesy respect house admires saving gertrude child getting sister dress clean white cloth head getting shirt jersey trousers child according custom thanked gifts pleasant gertrude child house girl helpful clean strange carelessness talks easily strangers especially mrs lithebe knows married woman gertrude knows woman strict house understands obedient
lovely road runs ixopo hills hills grass covered rolling lovely singing road climbs miles carisbrooke mist look fairest valleys africa grass bracken forlorn crying titihoya birds veld valley umzimkulu journey drakensberg sea river hill hill mountains ingeli east griqualand grass rich matted soil holds rain mist seep ground feeding streams kloof tended cattle feed fires burn laying bare soil tops small lovely valley hills shelter house flat ploughed fields tell finest farms countryside called high place farm dwelling place james jarvis esquire stands high ndotsheni valley umzimkulu jarvis watched ploughing gloomy eye hot afternoon sun october poured fields cloud sky rain rain rain
young met airport mrs jarvis yes john harrison mary brother don think remember youngster saw let carry things car walked control building young tell grieved jarvis arthur finest knew car spoke mary children mother re expecting stay mary suffering shock jarvis brave children badly jarvis mary occupy speak jarvis held wife hand silent thoughts drove gates suburban house stop lighted porch young woman sound car embraced mrs jarvis wept turned jarvis embraced meeting mrs harrison welcomed proper words spoken house harrison turned jarvis drink asked welcome study harrison wish
jarvis thought house foolish kitchen past stain floor stairs led bedroom bedroom study full books round books past case full abraham lincoln case full south africa case full afrikaans case full religion sociology crime criminals case full poetry novels shakespeare looked pictures christ crucified abraham lincoln vergelegen willows winter sat table lay invitations invitations paper permissible permissible south africa opened drawers son table accounts papers envelopes pens pencils cheques stamped returned bank deep drawer typewritten articles neatly pinned top article need social centres birds parkwold garden india south africa called private essay evolution south african took read
bull voice speaking square policemen white black doubt sense power speaking bull voice growls rises falls moved sound voice remember heard today remember excitement queer sensations bodies electricity passing voice magic threatening africa lion growls thunder echoes black mountains dubula tomlinson listen contempt envy voice move thousands brain tell say courage say knew policemen hear says dangerous says job think things ask says john kumalo ask share produced labour gold found south africa rich ask share gold stay bowels earth dig say gold say share
stand judge comes court stand solemnly today judgement judge sits assessors accused brought place court thought consideration case says judge assessors listened carefully evidence brought forward discussed tested piece piece interpreter interprets zulu judge accused absalom kumalo sought deny guilt defence chosen put accused witness box told straightforwardly simply story shot late arthur jarvis house parkwold maintained intention kill shoot weapon brought intimidate servant richard mpiring supposed murdered evidence later deal part gravest importance determining guilt accused accused states plan put forward accused johannes pafuri pafuri struck blow rendered unconscious servant mpiring supported mpiring says recognized pafuri twitching eyes mask true picked pafuri ten similarly disguised suffered tic similar suffered pafuri
ready confirmation women church white dresses green cloth neck belonged church sunday clothes means working clothes patched cleaned brushed children confirmation girls white dresses caps boys school going clothes patched cleaned brushed women busy house helping wife umfundisi confirmation simple meal tea boiled till leaves tea left heavy homely cakes meal maize simple food eaten valley storm clouds gathering heavy oppressive heat glad sorry dark shadows sailed red earth bare red hills tops looked sky road bishop glad sorry sun set lightning strike hills thunder echo kumalo looked sky anxiously road bishop looking surprised friend driving road cart brought milk
ploughing ndotsheni farms ploughing goes slowly young demonstrator chief tell longer throw walls earth plough round hills fields look longer look days ploughing women boys collect dung looks land chief ordered kraal built cattle stay dung easily collected hard thing eat kraal young demonstrator shakes head dung says wattle seed boiled heard thing valley worked white farmers say boil seed desolate places chosen young demonstrator shakes head food soil demonstrator told throw maize planting inferior seed ujarvis throw eating magic meetings silence sullenness fear chief meetings
fourteenth kumalo wife going mountain understand small boy absalom sick death thought giving ministry run native store donnybrook white named baxter money church pay knowledge sorely tempted commit adultery teachers ndotsheni weak lonely leave touched girl knows certainly bottle tea kind boiling leaves wrapped heavy cakes maize took coat stick walked path place chief fork side hand eat climb hill huts lie beneath mountain turn walk mountain east going valley empayeni valley fields red bare valley women mothers children
mother named deenie born saw movie beautiful girl named wilmadeene called deenie short ma says held knew named deenie turn beautiful hours took thirteen find happened deenie movie crazy wound funny farm ma says forget part story reason movie tv night saw helen older sister watches tv stayed late original deenie movie liked especially scenes deenie bud guy madly love romantic crazy boy named buddy brader eighth grade think kind nice real deenie bud elizabeth jersey morning wanted sleep late sleeps late saturdays couldn ma appointment york father drove downtown plenty catch thirty bus car ma wish luck frank
night soaked foot hour big toe killing midge called ask modeling agency okay janet tried orange lipstick brown eyeshadow caught course janet trying junk buying re supposed janet tried nail polish saleslady caught buy bottle saw harvey grabowsky midge yes store say noticed harvey looking guy ninth grade football team president class harvey word guess talk seventh grade girls soon hung phone rang janet harvey grabowsky talked midge tell bought ballpoint pens roll scotch tape stood touched shirt sleeve knew miss going york monday morning early wouldn rush wanted sure looked cheerleading tryouts afternoon
took bus daddy gas station knowing helen wouldn mondays wednesdays works library school daddy wasn front dumped books counter inside looked garage working underneath station wagon saw started cry knew holding felt ran sobbing daddy slid wagon deenie stood grabbed hold buried face uniform smelled nice gasoline cried hard minute daddy held deenie wrong didn cheerleading squad words daddy sighed re upset nodded chose janet daddy smoothed hair times try won find activity sounded mrs rappoport cried daddy gave key ladies room told wash face drive home don tell ma trying kill won say word daddy fix walked ladies room splashed water face
monday night couldn finish supper need vitamins ma especially don feel hungry cooked afternoon ma told sorry leave helen mother ma asked wouldn pick night doctor picking deenie daddy ma saying needs strength mind manners helen fenner ma daddy deenie worried seeing dr kliner course ma worried going excused asked later helen room piece cake glass milk scoliosis want talk put cake desk handed milk ma told million times mention talk told operation won scoliosis anymore reading library helen don think re going need operation re wrong helen need told janet midge want dresser opened bottom drawer hidden nightie pulled held midge janet gave hospital
taxi hospital ma don dr kliner re paying dr stewart makes molds daddy told asked nurse hospital daddy checked woman information desk hallway door marked plaster room daddy knocking nurse opened door daddy told deenie fenner dr stewart called nurse smiled girls mold today re number told daddy ma wait dr stewart tell ma grabbed hugged cried daddy deenie going fine pulled ma buried head daddy jacket whispered don scared daddy kissed top head afraid promise dr stewart tells soon lifted chin look okay asked okay nurse closed door plaster room soon stepped inside didn chance look pointed door change clothes including shoes put
night took nightie bottom drawer tried stood front mirror moved turn pink purple lavender buddy brader bring pink roses took nightie packed drummond department store box phone called midge line busy tried janet number busy talking waited minutes dialed midge phone rang times midge answered hi hi deenie janet talking today operation voice barely whisper re don need news suppose sound funny wrong fine called tell operation return nightie listen run bye hung midge say put drummond box brown bag carried school knew safe inside locker lunch janet re glad don need operation deenie nodded wrong spine midge asked exactly crooked don janet
wearing brace weeks finally found comfortable sleeping position flat thought able sleep guess re tired works worse problem stupid brace making holes shirts torn tops week ma mad says afford buying things told fault don ripped think metal parts brace promised careful anyway daddy joined swimming midge belongs going swim days week school pool heated nice dr kliner told daddy swim laps fool water wish swim midge regular fish halfway pool breath going coach maybe olympics thing swimming getting brace feel free hour put cry think throw garbage force doctors operate remember dr kliner spending bed think things miss seventh grade mixer friday
barbara curtis big liar knew saturday morning soon woke creeping crud catching chest itched night spoiled dream buddy called kitchen ma quick ma asked rushing stairs look showed creeping crud inspected call dr moravia phone listened explained ma hung asked say dr nelson dermatologist doctor specializes skin conditions don want doctor calamine care don want spread face thought barbara didn creeping crud face neck told ma don want face dressed dr moravia appointment dr nelson noon aunt rae drove downtown dr nelson office nurse told undressed handed sheet wrap ma stayed room dr nelson decided didn
going wear brace janet party hurt hours times week swimming want buddy brader want hold locker room feeling metal dressed outfits bought start junior high skirt sweater fit brace wasn sure daddy ma feeling let haven complaining brace haven asked skip school downstairs ready janet told daddy looked brace put soon home daddy important let want leave re going special won promise upstairs change daddy let frank ma looks pretty daddy slammed book reading shouted ma thelma turned thought going yell spoke voice normal found brace promised firm
don think married miserable look mrs singer miss pace loved absolutely die didn sixth grade happened married summer witch parents re fighting father late dinner tonight home table daddy hello jeff turned mom couldn waited asked knew coming home dinner didn call say late mom asked twenty hung traffic supposed mom asked mind father sat helped slice meat loaf spanish rice took mouthfuls rice cold hot clock mom told jeff eating saying word feel going parents wasn hungry daddy asked amy den mom eat mom didn answer eat supper course mom snapped think starve re father pushed plate called amy amy
debbie bartell friend kindergarten lives blocks separated school grade re blessed mrs singer debbie younger brother age amy lot common trouble debbie takes million lessons piano thursdays debbie busy days week saturday mornings schedule monday piano tuesday ballet wednesday girl scouts thursday ice skating friday allergy shots art saturday morning mother idea mrs bartell wants try thank goodness re girl scouts debbie school happen debbie wishes free fool want hurt mother feelings mrs bartell found indoor tennis club giving lessons kids sunday afternoon guess debbie christmas tennis racket met bus stop morning debbie don need allergy shots today asked friday doctor vacation start wheeze mother supposed call doctor want school guess house think jeff home home fridays
aunt ruth mother older sister mother living relative count mark cousin lives atlanta mother ten younger aunt ruth ask aunt ruth enjoys acting mother married uncle dan feet inches tall hold touch ceiling thought exciting aunt ruth uncle dan live maplewood takes ten minutes house wondered aunt ruth coming sunday morning bathroom rinsing toothbrush amy barged re supposed knock told karen daddy heard mom busy think amy yes think getting puppy supposed big surprise idea head amy don think felt sorry amy sat toilet room bed finished sat desk opened book sunday february wrote going wish knew put rubber bands took english homework
sunday father called noon mom comes door knows daddy don going visit daddy apartment moved week place called country village kind streets running lost pretty easy looks swimming pools country village east country village west father apartment west section apartments daddy building upstairs fixed magazine picture brown white modern kind stuff newman furniture store sells think daddy asked terrific jeff real pad live reminded debbie jeff want male house son daddy stay want sofa opens rollaway beds storage room looked amy bet re glad re furniture business daddy asked mean suppose buy stuff don exactly free karen save lot daddy told
trying sick don wear sweater days ago walked rain boots feet soaked happened debbie told girl cabin camp liked stay overnight infirmary rub end thermometer stick mouth nurse think sick morning tried rubbed ten minutes held tip thermometer light bulb desk lamp figured put mouth walk downstairs mother wouldn surprised saw high fever trouble didn thermometer hot soon put mouth burned tongue awful spit thermometer fell floor didn break think mother father waste trying sick forever piano lesson dinner tonight mrs lennard told cut nails shorter says hear click click sound play
friday night mrs hedley mom rushing class seton hall mrs hedley opened knitting bag pulled pile yarn left room amy help wool balls tonight important things hideaway door open jeff lying bed eyes closed purple light room glowed hey jeff yeah remember monday mom daddy anniversary don think kidding think nice party jeff opened eyes sat re getting divorced karen don giving parties re getting divorced don want sign card bought card jeff asked holding bought yesterday mom daddy picture bluebirds says swell couple going mail tomorrow morning want sure delivered twenty sixth monday sure remember sixteenth anniversary call lawyers cancel divorce jeff want sign re nuts jeff send anniversary cards wrong
opened eyes morning thing saw viking diorama sitting top dresser sunlight coming window hit blue sparkles shine threw covers jumped bed grabbed diorama flung wall didn break vikings fell ship box okay stamped feet left broken shoebox lot blue sparkle rug kicked hard stupid ugly viking diorama hate bed pulled covers head set cry tears didn crazy person think silly diorama magic truth parents going single thing mother think daddy wonderful person feeding bunch lies val daddy thinks mom fooling rolled wonder jeff think liked screamed night sorry missed bet wishes fried shrimp breaded
mom didn monday home school found sound asleep living room couch called aunt ruth hear jeff asked thing mom sleeping leave yes aunt ruth finally sleeping pills doctor prescribed slept friday care amy comes home don worry thanks karen supper clock okay bye blanket upstairs covered mother worried happens mom amy detective father hired sergeant tice chewing gum try find jeff tuesday mansfields school start petey number list brian answered door hey karen brian petey told home yeah upstairs want personal yeah started laugh personal look brian tell petey brian turned yelled stairs hey petey personal
postcards daddy wrote mrs singer giving daily lecture manners told haven real sixth grade getting ready junior high telling don act sixth graders debbie says mrs singer sprays hair stuff going report principal imagine teacher spraying front class telling manners glad rid afternoon fill green cards question parents check box telling deceased divorced checked divorced admitting tonight found mother going sell house thing says put house sale divorce believe asked mom haven mind mom thinking florida move someplace warm re going move florida million miles debbie val daddy school vacations fun
father father school mary jane wakowski eyeing funny expression father sort fat glasses corner talking mrs darling gave kind steady blank look don father say fact practice school knew didn ask don mind haven tend think quick answers evelyn girl lives building says birthmark birthmark leg brown spot says months months practically meets says thing leg fall hit boy asked dog leg think say sort put person place feel dumb asking says months asks forgets mentions forgotten remarks mary jane wise expression
hear father school friday wally didn tell kid liked shrugged liked sort thing setting movie night going wizard oz marshall fiddling floor hey marshall cut wally raises voice says loud children listen especially marshall listen anyway wally bent marshall hey marshall birthday couple months nicky lying floor reading comic telling wally couple months mom looked thayer taking calls wally calls going place levin date forget darkroom mom likes watch movies developing noticed wally women obsession clocks destroyed
thursdays school grandma grandpa house grandma grandpa lock door york city don robbed partly grandpa doctor office living room patients grandpa psychoanalyst lie couch tell problems sits black chair table big box tissues sad cry tissue visit grandpa pretend patient lies couch sit chair pretends cry makes problems silly alligator bathtub bath hand kleenex say don cry jones says makes loud snuffling sounds love alligator say doctor build cage say someplace lots room crawl bathtub small telling grandpa says won listen doctor weeks took bath smell funny jones
esmerelda stop fat head mimi shoving bassets bassets brought girls tend look droopy mimi says look re born downstairs sort boiler room upstairs kind fancy place school auditorium bigger supposed wait downstairs till called bassets going dress rehearsal regular show mom showing spring clothes women buy clothes stores buyers order show mimi handed mom chalk bessie deb want white mimi puts chalk bassets white parts look clean hard neck clean folds bassets sort collapsing rolling backs petted chalk rub listen upstairs mom going photos models dresses want scratch shook head wait sec deb okay brett mimi dogs fine dry jowls drippy okay thing didn boiler room sort hot
andrew father march washington amazing andrew father suddenly things opposite expect picked wally car driving nicky nicky andrew sat mom sat front wally odd thing wally pick black eye fight seen real black eye wife wally mom kitchen getting fruit trip re kidding nope taking judo didn decided try give nope non violent type wally frowned wally mean hit wouldn hit sounds mean thought hit terrible hit course mom course wally shrugged thing mom believes women knowing protect saw hit sister elaine lives san francisco black belt karate mom thinks black belt older elaine says practice hard tend give
march spoke grandpa phone intensive care ward regular room mom fixed nicely paintings hi fi set wondered mom moment couldn eat hooked tubes things till insides working regular hi jones alligator misses misses grandpa voice sounded maybe lower rascal thought home tub home tub grandpa likely story miserable creature actually snuck lying bed won budge inch eating nice food send nurses hate pest allow alligators hospital course don grandpa put jail minute tell told told think goodness jones sorry hear grandpa sighed mom grandpa mad nurses wake half hour night temperature
grandma grandpa move arizona grandpa thursday doctor thought climate health felt terrible grandpa told moves arizona fly plane grandpa don planes arizona map remember geography big buildings dry places lizards don health grandpa says air clean dry jones alligator stay grandpa don let pets live building plane loves fly jones hates told loves told hates moment grandma looked brett want store going andre andre wonderful pastry store grandma grandpa house wonderful smell perfume nice part give children free cookies andre guess stands front decorating birthday cake watch bag sort tube squeezes stuff designs
month wolf slept saturday night dinner week likes tartar steak makes takes onion peels part slices pieces eats loaf bread says raw onion sharp sweet mom late stay babysit bring papers correct sit dining room mark tell students thought black girl named martha interested science maybe someday lab brother works bet andrew weekend mom terrible mood big argument wally phone wally answered phone mom argues grandma yelling sort yelling cursing hung stayed bad mood wished someplace visit mom sort mood don want goes darkroom develops pictures talks
week later horrible thing happened sound asleep sudden mom woke didn click light theo getting married felt horribly sick describe thought gotten married telling hear going anyway believe couldn believe theo talk told bad father mom looked excited happy don want theo father mom looked things won scratcher promise babies definitely babies happen don promise decide tried going sleep couldn thought ironical evelyn happy father maybe mother theo didn want change changing grandma grandpa going arizona going twelve mom getting married going father known eleven certainly wouldn wished eleven
glad week school summer vacation today hot clothes stuck brain felt tired didn finish math school homework walked lobby apartment building thinking big cold drink taste pushed elevator button waited elevator lobby henry opened gate stepped upstairs peter hatcher dumb dog tearing hall wait henry peter called don wait henry elevator small dog henry opened gate waited elevator hold ten equivalent henry figure dog equivalent person half peter dog half wish henry didn spend thinking hi henry peter thanks waiting peter henry told excuse stepping elevator held nose ride dog stinks heart beating loud sure henry peter hear turtle dog laughing stuck tongue licked corners mouth
jennifer small brown white spots ears libby saw cried adorable dog comes house daddy belongs professor egran summer going car daddy held arm hurt sure pulling wait car decide staying ran road jumped car started shake child younger daughter didn understand didn care daddy mom hurried car mom stuck head open window sheila jennifer small afraid tell asked daddy doghouse fenced area chained don suppose asked suppose chain breaks won happen daddy catch re saying told daddy don mean lied mom asked trust daddy looked car window libby cuddling jennifer promise house promise daddy needs
met mouse ellis ten going grade sitting front steps wondering register camp saw girl walking road watched front house looked waved waved driveway sitting held purple yo yo mouse ellis junior champion tarrytown eleven tricks stopping stopped count told opened eyes wide offered yo yo ahead show don feel bet shotgun times row bet told okay let okay mouse wound yo yo held close hip thing knew flew times row handed yo yo examined duncan imperial told yo yo bad ready mouse stood held yo yo hip threw whacked head try hey okay mouse asked
carrying house sondra screaming put put don trying help kitchen put floor mouse legs mess bandages upstairs crazy bandages aid cream fix mouse ran upstairs million tubes bottles bandages played doctor fixing sondra course knew medicine put sondra wounds main doctor assistants job sondra stopped crying legs felt managed walk stairs start game hide seek mouse told sondra didn suffered rules indoor hide seek stay upstairs attic limits home base sink hall bathroom shoot lost hate especially strange place creepy feeling played hide seek inside daddy going pop scare
newspaper camp newspaper decided duty start healstrom idea knew think charge run copies mimeograph machine office fashioned need help sheila suppose let announce plans afternoon form committees started don need committees experienced exactly running newspaper big job sheila healstrom healstrom picked asked surprise find friday read issue healstrom determined try luck thanks healstrom thanks lot ran pottery told camp newspaper coming mouse asked friday going busy skip pottery big job put paper thinking denise need committee maybe reporter group tell going help mouse reporter
afternoon home camp turned radio sat heard weather report tonight supposed clear cool means worry fell asleep trouble middle night woke terrible racket wasn thunder sounded pretty scary anyway put pillow head hoping noise didn couldn stand anymore jumped bed ran window jennifers bad baying moon morning breakfast told family jennifer friend think funny days later libby reported jennifer friend definitely boy dog asked saw libby big tree backyard fence surprised daddy jennifer friend comes visit night getting harder harder sleep house morning jennifer friend don belongs don leaving house days safe told mother jennifer friend runs loose expect dog
mom downstairs started pizza sondra ate pieces reached shook heads took hand truth hurts agreed snack bobby models fixed pretty wrong didn say bringing home bunch notice battle hope won spread models dry put glue paints getting tired sondra bed mouse told unfinished business care sondra looked mouse knew thinking libby maryann telling goody jane deserve worst worst sondra asked put frogs beds mouse supposed frogs jane asked house mouse brook full forget mother going let running hour think mouse decorate toilet seat toothpaste sit full
week week camp marty says swimming test drown makes swim pool sorry forced learn swim mouse twins don bother swimming regular anymore busy handstands somersaults water able tricks think staying oceans lakes pools rest friday night going hayride camp invited dividing groups fit wagon libby happy want wagon wants hank crane don care wants waste hayride looking libby hayride anyway mouse says lots fun libby spent friday afternoon getting beautiful put clean jeans cut toenails ellis called dropped camp wagons kids piling supposed divide age libby didn worry denise charge wagon thing surprised horses
week going home summer tarrytown practically ways glad won listen headless horseman anymore ways sorry miss mouse promised tell bobby egran touched models case believe decides mouse say australia won visit city mouse summer maybe tarrytown summer re going disneyland told re going asked re thinking think mouse maybe idea mouse love libby says bye hank crane star movie girl sees upside libby learn stand head feel part says hank famous able say knew mouse don believe mom idea farewell tarrytown party told supper tonight daddy sounds fun invite mouse asked course mom ellis family
plants need water air food plants need light food plants need lot light grow sunlight plants need light grow shady places happen plants live shade put sunlight seeds seedlings need grow plants need amounts water light plants grow temperature seeds grow places temperature amounts water light seed plants seeds seeds fall plants seeds grow room ground plants seeds scattered scattered means seeds moved places scatter seeds plant foods eat seeds planted farmers flowers grasses grow seeds planted yards parks planted seeds scattered seeds animals scatter seeds squirrels gather acorns seeds food eat seeds carry seeds store seeds drop ground squirrels find seeds stored dropped lost seeds germinate birds scatter seeds eat seeds seeds stick feet feathers
plants trees bushes school eat fruits vegetables wear cotton clothes plants grow seeds plants grow seeds called seed plants seed plants look alike seed plants sizes shapes trees large small corn plant tall thin rose bush short bushy seed plants left seed plants grow kinds places grow wet dry places grow sunny shady places grow cold hot places seed plants grow large fields small pots grow cracks sidewalks walls seed plants grow water find seed plants growing kinds seed plants plants kinds parts parts grow ground roots seed plants grow ground parts grow ground stems leaves flowers seed plants grow ground find plant parts roots plant parts hold plants ground roots plants roots form half plant plants roots easily blown washed
seed plants green leaves leaves plant parts food green leaves store food air water sunlight food leaves tubes roots stems green leaves leaves small tubes called veins think tubes called veins water moves tubes roots stems veins leaves think moves veins tubes roots stems look leaves veins leaf form pattern pattern veins tell leaves leaves put groups leaves look needles needles short leaves broad flat leaves look needles leaves broad flat broad leaves put groups broad leaves part leaves part called simple leaves broad leaves parts parts look small leaves called leaflets leaves leaflets compound leaves simple leaves compound leaves shown seed plants flowers flower part plant seeds form think flowers bright colors flowers bright colors flowers green pale yellow brown picture shows plant
buy birthday gift find shirt shirt comes colors sizes wonder shirts items buy factories factory place machines type object clothing factory machines cut sew cloth machines move finished clothes places folded put boxes machines put boxes trucks machines reasons machines fast machines job machines jobs dangerous think machines factories machines factories transportation machines growing food machines farmers farm machines growing food machines home school machines play machines machines helpful machines problems works machines needs accidents happen machines carelessly machines loud noises loud noises periods lose hearing close loud noises wear ear guards ear plugs list machines think loud noises
magic puma hills jungle animals fun beautiful spots markings puma puma left traveled days top mountains saw tree bird nest puma grabbed egg eat father bird flying grabbed puma break pieces father bird flew puma father bird high dropped puma puma falling magic words save sticks stones change bones puma changed log landed side mountain lucas water carrier coming road lucas hole fence looking log fill lucas took log home stuck fence puma waited night asleep magic words sticks stones change bones turned puma farms ate chickens morning changed log farmers found chickens missing angry trap catch robber lucas waterfall sticks looked sticks heard voice
mrs thomas found mirror friday morning big bed shop john street didn decide buy asked storekeeper ten dollars told mrs thomas looked mirror needed paint badly ten dollars lot special storekeeper smile face special special asked mrs thomas looking puzzled storekeeper mrs thomas waited storekeeper say mirror mrs thomas puzzled mirror want buy gave ten dollars helped carry car home mrs thomas stopped store red paint worked mirror rest morning clock afternoon paint dry mrs thomas carried mirror inside put kitchen table stood stared wonderful mirror bet mirror hundred mrs thomas began think owned painters storytellers maybe clown ricky pam home mrs thomas looking mirror
mrs thomas stood mirror night pretended friday talking hundred practiced practiced sun knew fine friday bed clapped woman mirror clapped magic mrs thomas wasn nervous night sound asleep thomas tiptoed kitchen turned light stood front mirror stood tall put hands smiled mirror mirror smiled thomas took papers pretended friday office talked softly wake family practiced night sun knew say friday magic mirror thomas happy night mother father bed pam tiptoed kitchen clown hat looked mirror pam pam didn want pam night wanted clown real clown pulled tall put hands funny face smiled mirror mirror smiled
ved clever boy wasn barber stopped coming barber father farmer ved thought barber leave town city father barber ved picked bag barber tools razors brushes combs mirror set city ved walked morning walked afternoon night ved sat willow tree rest city ved decided spend night willow tree start fresh morning ved lay ground fell asleep luck willow tree haunted ghost soon ved fell asleep ghost floated treetop crying booooooo ved woke bad dream dreamed willow tree haunted ghost booooooo cried ghost ved ear dream ved think fast don close ghost ved quickly ghost catcher catch ghosts put ghost bag
lived peas pod peas green pod green thought green pod grew peas grew cozy sat close row sun warmed pod rain nice clean cozy pod peas sat growing bigger bigger pea sit forever backaches sitting place idea going feeling weeks pod turned yellow peas turned yellow turning yellow say felt pull pod pod broken held boy hand pushed coat pocket won re peas wait wonder remarkable smallest soon find pop pod opened peas rolling bright sunshine boy looked peas needed peashooter put peas peashooter let cried pea flying wide
spring morning mother leave sun window sick child turned eyes window mother green thing looking window moving wind mother window opened tiny plant pea plant root pushed green leaves find pretty look moved child bed nearer window later mother girl looked happy mother believe going sun shining plant coming fine able soon nice sunshine wonderful mother believe thing happen thankful plant sick child happy took stick put plant tied piece string window sill upper part window pea climb look cried mother morning plant flower
toy paint black white paint dick ball don touch dick bat don touch put toy don touch pastry bag filled white frosting mark dick sandwiches apples cookies plate sure won need selfishness kit week mrs thompson sure cured hundreds children sure cure dick mrs thompson thanked mrs wiggle ran home began put tags dick clothes asked showed happy boy show owns clothes mrs thompson say put tags dick clothes socks opened kit took tiny lock locked dick toothbrush toothbrush rack gave key dick find ring hold keys re going lot boy wonderful dick looking tiny key thinking toothbrush touch happy supper mrs thompson closed selfishness kit took show dick father
morning hear dick working locks late coming breakfast took lock drawers doors happy dick eating breakfast mother packed lunch marked sandwiches apple cookies marked lunchbox breakfast dick put lunchbox basket noticed big sign bike dick bike don touch school children didn notice sign bike lunch opened lunchbox took sandwiches marked dick sandwiches don touch apple marked dick apple don touch cookies marked dick cookies don touch laughed wanted pushing sandwiches fell jumped children took apple threw air throw dick apple yelled look dick apple fell ground gave dick apple brown soft afternoon peter lincoln asked dick ruler saw sticker dick ruler don touch began laugh gave ruler tom howard laughed tom gave girl front mrs fisher saw sign laughed gave ruler dick
school dick home lost key room play tool box saw big white sign dick tool box don touch thought school lunchbox thought children laughed felt awful supper father brought plate marked dick dinner don touch dick looked aw mark plate don care mrs thompson smiled thompson dick won mark plate share cake willie dick thought divided cake parts gave willie ate looked happy dinner dick told father lost keys room father took locks doors toy box dick don put dad don care goes room things morning dick clock scraped dick lunchbox don touch lunchbox took sign bike mother mom don mark sandwiches don mark things mom mrs thompson dick help dick don care lunch
daydream moment picture parents brothers sisters school friends homework maybe part job focus find look stop try clear picture try picture blurred clear sharpen image closer look things hard house apartment live neighborhood school teachers food eat chosen moment things responsible putting place environment responsible environment look idea draw total blank re going depend playing roles managing education career housing feeding clothing bigger consumer role taking control making important decisions past plan future start thinking learning
deal communicate words nonverbal type communication called body language body language includes facial expressions eye contact gesturing posture think body language speaks louder words control expression face think look calm aware nervousness showing ways swinging foot jiggling change pocket tug twist hair experts study nonverbal communication admit movement means rub nose conversation mean disagree accept idea nose itches exact interpretations body language impossible study movements tell mood irritable nervous insecure confident likely accept reject idea knowledge body language help relate let look aspects body language learn expressive part body face ways word face language say deal importance person facial expression let face face lost face ask children draw pictures draw large faces small bodies
lifetime face decisions earning living important finding career adequate income satisfaction important person individual interests males females support career planning healthier constructive individuals proud recognize important females males plan careers safe assume marry early male wage earner pattern hold true apply majority today workers women women home married mothers young children ten women united states pay lives percent american women full twenty past jobs closed women minority groups restrictions formal male applicants accepted medical school police informal assumptions traditions led think groups suited low paying dead end jobs assumptions ways thinking changing today federal laws ban discrimination employment based sex race age opportunities expanding important young consider carefully alternatives open
major advantages buying housing owning home investment times inflation housing values increase property cared mortgage payments form savings mortgage money borrowed interest paid loan buy home equity payment money paid mortgage interest loan subtracted homeowners add equity savings monthly mortgage payments monthly mortgage payment interest loan goes larger part payment goes building equity homeowner interest payments mortgage property taxes save income taxes figuring income taxes homeowners advantage results cash savings property taxes interest paid mortgages subtracted income homeowners pay income tax home ownership help establish credit rating homeowners monthly payments build credit reputation addition equity security obtaining loans homeowners monthly payments change greatly property taxes insurance costs monthly mortgage payments stay renters find monthly rent increased frequently homeowners free redecorate remodel home convenient livable attractive increase investment buy low cost home needs repair remodeling
chosen neighborhood found promising apartment ads features want check look apartment mind small rooms create problems arranging furniture decorating entertaining guests low ceilings give crowded effect small rooms high ceilings look proportion layout rooms privacy check eating space adequate electric outlets convenient places find reduced rent apartment needs repainting save lot money rent period owner manager supply paint localities require landlord repaint apartment tenant apartment look freshly painted check painters neat job left paint splattered floors windows apartment repainted allowed choose colors check condition floors carpets furniture signed lease getting landlord repair replace refinish items difficult check range refrigerator provided clean working order large needs states refrigerators included rented purchased california visit apartment daytime looks natural light
room apartment difficult arrange furniture privacy living sleeping areas divided screen giving effect rooms place sofa screen place wall attractive wall hangings draperies strings beads hung rod heavy rope fastened high opposite walls similar arrangements bedroom provide privacy give effect rooms arranging furniture mind space needed move area room annoying walk furniture room careful place small items bump consider piece furniture place need space open drawers easier bed move find eating uncomfortable chair jammed wall remember doors feet opened arranging furniture plan think move room easier think things move heavy furniture later arrange furniture grouping pieces needed activities sofa chairs facing easy conversation
cooking person ten general principles concerning buying food storing food planning meals need consider cooking find especially difficult avoid leftovers waste spoilage makes important organize kitchen efficiency addition learning choose ripe melon store potatoes correctly developing kitchen strategy takes consideration particulr lifestyle including kinds foods eat grocery lists reflect amount freezer refrigerator storage space number times company meals nature daily schedule routine unpredictable mistakes end throwing rest spaghetti eating nights row acquainted needs cooking turn organized part planning meals simple re joining working starting student demands regular menu planning mealtimes impossible learn expect unexpected prepared eat perfect circumstances plan meals unpredictable schedule
item item food costly products buy dozen eggs pounds meat fruits vegetables loaf bread add sizable amount total grocery bill month large part budget want grocery dollar shop fresh fruits vegetables points mind fruits vegetables priced pound kilogram container sack piece read price signs carefully think lettuce cents head turns cents pound grams pound gram head cost cents pays look carefully piece sure fresh fruits vegetables bruises soft spots buys careful fruits vegetables plastic bags boxes cellophane tops produce overripe fruits vegetables tasting cheaper season locally grown fruits vegetables expensive produce shipped distance watch newspapers food columns giving buys week buy need fruits vegetables ripen quickly spoil easily berries bananas lettuce potatoes onions
study convenience food products department agriculture found percent cost serving advantage home prepared fresh counterparts rundown results half products complete mix expensive start scratch counterparts bargains included mixes brownies corn muffins yellow cake devil food cake chocolate white frosting complete mixes required milk water eggs pancakes waffles nearly frozen chilled ready serve baked goods desserts candies studied expensive preparing recipes mixes study turned super buys bottled lemon juice reconstituted frozen orange juice concentrate regardless season part buys strawberries peaches grapefruit season fresh fruit stand number frozen canned vegetables actually cost fresh green peas lima beans beets spinach french fried potatoes expensive broccoli spears boiled potatoes canned carrots remember fresh vegetables apt money savers seasons comparing convenience vegetable product kind embellishment potatoes au gratin broccoli hollandaise sauce fresh counterpart save money embellishment kitchen convenience cost convenience beef chicken turkey pork fish products costly fresh including beef patties lasagna chicken la king sweet sour pork tuna noodle casserole
spend spend clothing dollar depend job activities personal priorities conscious fashion concerned spend deal shopping clothes hate shopping avoid beginning full job big influence clothing needs dressing role part job requires wear uniform mechanical construction need clothes want find clothes launder easily wear office sales prefer easy care durable clothes choice style appearance clothes employers office sales type dress code code written implied agree standards rules employers feel set policy want remain standing employer dressing according policy idea limited budget clothes costly thought planning deal small amount money decide want put money inexpensive garments fewer expensive clothes
department store shopping compared smoothly guided tour factory outlet shopping safari uncharted aisles outlet stores don offer comforts traditional instance rarely accept credit cards shoppers stores turn real finds leather skirts light fixtures things mind venture factory outlet factory outlets simply stores buy directly manufacturer factory warehouse quality merchandise find varies widely consists surplus material manufacturer sell department store refuses accept late shipment items meet specifications manufacturer try sell merchandise outlet shopping helps brush unfamiliar terms jean bird author factory outlet shopping guides areas maine virginia lists basic terms shopper range mannequins garments samples salesperson show prospective store buyer occasionally style suit buyers sold stores samples labeled outlets kind terms refer surplus merchandise original orders filled anticipation reorders sold ends rolls surplus fabric carpet manufacture item
prepare clothes wash empty pockets remove dirt cuffs close zippers fasteners remove nonwashable trim belts mend rips tears pretreat stains heavy soil remove stains putting clothes washing machine pretreat heavily soiled areas collars cuffs apply liquid detergent paste granular detergent water directly soiled areas spray prewash products sure follow directions load machine laundry move freely inside machine washing rinsing action avoid packing clothes linens washer hand machine small loads wastes water electricity try combine large small items sheets pillow cases small hand towels group items laundered machine called load select proper wash cycle machine automatic washers choice cycles programs washing loads names cycles vary type machine cycle water temperature agitation spin speed agitation speed refers movement fabric wash rinse water spin speed speed fabrics whirled remove moisture water drained machine select cycle mind directions permanent care label washer cycles marked colors fabric types whites colors permanent press delicates knits
bottom line important window sticker car read price extras totaled vinyl chrome package extras depends factors re unclear rent borrow car options re considering give extras test run driving flat straight roads heavy loads car prefer economic virtues smallest engine cylinder pile car objects live roads pitch curve air conditioning drive brio frustrated powerful engine unlikely need highest horsepower engine offered energy crunch days want tend carry heavy loads drive sportive fashion means choose heavy duty option expensive mush cars softly sprung tend moseying driver rarely taxes car load capacity manage standard suspension don try tow camper boat look price handy toll booths adjusting ventilation power assists cost terms gas mileage
doctor dentist ask explanations nontechnical language doctor dentist give clear answers questions discuss treatment receiving want notes office remember ask questions especially important ask side effects drugs doctor prescribes side effect reaction drug drug dizzy sick stomach experience side effects drugs anxious expect addition reaction drug need order avoid harm choosing doctor basic choices general practitioner specialist general practitioner called gp involved broad range medical services gp sees patients spend specialist gp fees generally lower gp refer specialist need treatment health problem specialist doctor treats area body kind health problem dermatologist treats skin problems ophthalmologist takes care eyes
give reputation car dealer automobile repair shop top consideration deciding car maintenance repairs ask recommendations quick glance automobile shop tell lot small cramped overcrowded area mean manager mechanic afford give car attention hand large service area cars makes worked suggests mechanics competent idea compare prices garages selecting expensive shop check business bureau find complaints garage major concern repair shops finding qualified mechanics trained mechanics united states nearly trade national institute automotive service excellence certified mechanics check mechanic certificate car service tell mechanic exactly happening unusual movements noises car makes easier mechanic pinpoint wrong money won wasted making unnecessary repairs depending drive need watch things carefully lot driving dusty roads need change air filters oil filters owner manual
jelly sandwich sally asked grandmother ma fanny kitchen rooming house sitting opposite sides big wooden table big eyes ma fanny laughing half sandwich left sally licked jelly corners mouth eat twenty sandwiches twenty maybe twenty sally don jelly sandwich finish eat jelly heartburn night ma fanny asked jelly heartburn sorry say ma fanny turned radio bing crosby singing sally hummed singing line loud horse horse animal wiggled chair sand bottom bathing suit itch soon upstairs bath sign bath guests rooming house shared bathrooms kitchen family shelf pantry space icebox sign cook upstairs sally family rented bedrooms ten days daddy mom sally brother douglas ma fanny sally youngest sleep cot window
sally scab knee falling bicycle week itched scratched area knowing scab wasn ready sitting high backed chair fireplace feet didn reach floor wished pitchers big ears uncle jack nod direction side livingroom mom ma fanny aunt bette uncle jack huddled spoke hushed voices sally words god forbid fingers crossed talking douglas happened sally wasn exactly sure daddy hospital douglas mom waiting impatiently phone ring news sally ran hands arms chair covered pink green flowered material shiny livingroom pink green mom didn say pink rose beige beautiful room soft peaceful sally loved wished special occasions sunday father built fire brick fireplace sally douglas sat floor reading funnies mom mess log fires side fireplace bookcases climbed ceiling fireplace large mirror reflecting rest room
douglas getting plans rent house bradley beach summer sick cancelled vacation mom daddy ma fanny spoke whispers sally began wonder douglas die child bicycle bigger learn ride boy bike anyway didn want die knew shouldn thinking god punish evil thoughts douglas died wouldn fun aunts uncles granny freedman died funerals sat shivah week sally house jewish custom help family difficult days loved death sally enjoyed sitting shivah afternoon evening friends relatives visit bringing baskets fruit homemade cakes cookies boxes candy barton pinch sally cheeks telling grown funeral sit talk mom serve coffee left say happier occasions sally family dying older sick didn care
thank sally wondering add ma deciding clerk nurse office corridor past portables library art room turn left continue corridor fourth room says nurse door think mom nurse sally asked formality clerk told nurse fat bleached blonde hair upsweep sally knew bleached black roots showing part mom needed touch chins huge bosom kind straight chest space morning sang taking folder mom looked inside folder sally freedman asked guessing yes sally york jersey okay sally mother wait room smelled alcohol small cots lined wall white curtains corner doctor scale glass cabinet filled bandages bottles instruments sally hoped wasn going shot shoes sally step scale nurse
days later sally school nurse didn find wrong hair admitted miss swetnick grade class desks lined rows attached floor ink corner home light colored wooden desks moved chairs sizes push desks tables sit sally knew central beach elementary school place hundred miss swetnick wasn young pretty red framed eyeglasses shaped hearts black hair tied ribbon lot girls class wore braids margaret movie star coronet thing sally noticed shoes wore sandals white gold socks sally looked red loafers thick white socks popular jersey felt foolish excused sally asked miss swetnick miss swetnick smiled front tooth chipped angle sally liked looked wondered father fix front tooth miss swetnick important sally shifted weight foot miss swetnick think real emergency
saturday morning sally family walked street beach rubins ma fanny packed lunch wicker basket mom douglas carried folding chair burdines sally army blanket bag towels suntan lotion dry suits bradley beach jersey shore waves high undertow pulled careful sally clung rope miami beach boardwalk rope miles miles soft yellow sand bordered palm trees ocean atlantic wasn water warm clear blue green low tide walk wet knees took mom lotion sally sally lost patience began wiggle sun poisoning degree burn god forbid mom stand careful sun wear hat maybe later sally jersey mom hour hat don crying late won promise mom finished sally called douglas re douglas reaching lotion
beach saturday thanksgiving mom dieting hair upsweep dressed bathing suit looked taller slimmer skin white sat umbrella shade palm tree water girl father thrown ocean atlantic city saying learn swim scared nearly drowned tried sally couldn imagine father throwing child water certainly father thing ma fanny ago atlantic city allowed grandfather throw mom sally sure sally remembered grandfather died uncle eddie uncle abe grandmother died sally aunt ruth daddy older sister months aunt lena daddy younger sister ma fanny liked beach bathing suit sally admired purple flowers skirt bottom sally found interesting mom suit plain black ma fanny didn swim wet stand ocean edge splash loose flesh arms wiggled
bird sally cried jumping father arms glad re kissed sides face gal daddy missed gal hugged hard returned kisses hi dad douglas father put sally hugged douglas son pretty invented coconut retriever want sure soon settled rumpled douglas hair growing taller taller yeah pants getting short arnold ma fanny called rushing kitchen wiping hands apron ma fanny daddy holding arm length minute look tan look twenty pulled compliments ma fanny laughing daddy radio comedians bob hope jack benny telling mother law jokes sally knew father ma fanny liked re alike ma fanny mom sally thought strange blood relatives mom stood doorway watching smiling pretty smile sally thought show daddy presents handbag ma fanny gold necklace mom special tool kit douglas sally jolly roger game wasn surprised pretended
sally andrea sitting edge goldfish pool courtyard playing initial game omar front paws edge pool peering side look don touch andrea warned omar goldfish omar purred stuck tail straight air look sally saw sure means wants affection read book called getting cat andrea stick tails pet reached stroked omar turn sally petted omar andrea annoyed initial game sally okay thinking famous person initials andrea repeated let movie star nope radio personality nope uh political figure guess say let andrea put finger lip looked sky admiral halsey nope sally tell saw admiral halsey parade home war yes threw confetti thinking andrea give think initials adolf hitler sally pleased stumped andrea adolf hitler andrea leaned side goldfish pool spit
sally family seagull pool club week fun daddy tired playing games played dolphin sally letting ride swam underwater lifted shoulders chicken fights douglas carried shelby partner played tossing brightly colored beach ball rented flippers feet showing suddenly sally surprise found lift feet bottom pool learning swim easy kick feet move arms actually swimming lesson mom stood edge pool snapping pictures thursday sally brought barbara guest barbara shelby don met pool sure barbara re allergic school food shelby answered laughed afternoon sally spoke georgia blue eyes re swimmer re bumping floating turn wouldn problem re problem seen haven
sally couldn find library book due today school look bed mom asked looked sally picked cuticles going late late central beach elementary school vice principal office late slip sally heard vice principal mean kids fainted thrown late school month think ma fanny place saw don remember kitchen maybe daddy ma fanny walked minutes sally book handing sally found sally searched carefully couldn believe pantry ma fanny logical place book mom asked sally raised shoulders held hands mother looked ma fanny wrong reading book english ma fanny person supposed learn practice kissed sally forehead hurry school sweetie pie sally ran bell rang reached corridor knew rules supposed straight office maybe sneak classroom
sally caught virus going head hurt felt weak dizzy tried stand ma fanny sat showed story forward tapping paper famous hollywood virus re style don feel style days says began read virus strikes movie stars esther williams margaret say sally asked sitting show names ma fanny laughed okay maybe favorites lot famous famous schmamous sally imitating ma fanny rolled bed moaned longed dr spear house examine sally fine handing lollipop black bag medicine mom asked needed days told ma fanny read paper mom ma fanny remark asked doctor douglas dangerous contact sally germs send stay friends wouldn bother dr spear virus mild bug douglas comes let wait need worry advance
class election king queen posture winners compete grade contest winners election represent entire grade school contest barbara nominated sally peter seconded motion sally stood corridor nominees waiting rest class voted minutes miss swetnick opened door winners names written blackboard gordon beatrice king queen posture class sally tried hide disappointment desk harriet goodman leaned didn vote vote vote sally answered took seat barbara whispered votes pretty sally thought lost vote reason hate harriet maybe contests miami beach newspapers full miss bright eyes miss complexion miss legs central beach elementary school contests girl week tumbler month smile maybe queen toenails contest sally thought yes win grade representative school queen toenails election
expensive sally asked father ten dollars person guess invite barbara sally thinking loud andrea father afford shelby grandmother wouldn let anyway wouldn blame bit mom fanny daddy asked going give try ha ha ma fanny comedian feet ground lou daddy asked thank mom douglas live remember enjoyed cuba daddy reminded lucky mom plane trip let leave daddy sally looked setting foot blimp mom wish discussed idea ahead told children re mine don say happens pushed chair table ran bathroom daddy cleared throat ma fanny carried pudding bowl kitchen douglas think give darlene call tell news sally sat watching waiting wondering walk daddy asked call barbara call douglas phone
sally barbara stood temple beth el waiting bag rice hot sally wore shoulder midriff hibiscus tucked ear hair hung loose shoulders checked mirror surprised looked lila miss swetnick hank temple cheered threw rice miss swetnick looked beautiful wasn wearing glasses sally tell trouble squinted crowd laughed tossed bouquet sally hoped catch miss swetnick aimed bridesmaids hank shiny car drove peter wearing kind blue suit douglas worn swells house dinner loosened tie unbuttoned shirt collar petey fat older woman re fish peter told sally barbara hi peter barbara sally peter yeah barbara give private peter okay let barbara nudged sally side yard temple peter find late wedding
robert cohn middleweight boxing champion princeton think impressed boxing title meant lot cohn cared boxing fact disliked learned painfully counteract feeling inferiority shyness felt treated jew princeton comfort knowing knock snooty shy nice boy fought gym spider kelly star pupil spider kelly taught young gentlemen box featherweights matter weighed hundred hundred pounds fit cohn fast spider promptly overmatched nose permanently flattened increased cohn distaste boxing gave satisfaction strange sort certainly improved nose princeton read took wearing spectacles met class remembered remember middleweight boxing champion mistrust frank simple especially stories hold suspicion robert cohn middleweight boxing champion horse stepped face maybe mother frightened seen maybe bumped young child finally verify story spider kelly
warm spring night sat table terrace napolitain robert watching dark electric signs red green stop traffic signal crowd going horse cabs edge solid taxi traffic poules going singly pairs looking evening meal watched looking girl walk past table watched street lost sight watched saw coming caught eye sat table waiter drink asked pernod girls girl dites garcon un pernod pernod matter asked going party sure don town don paris don re happy happy hell pernod greenish imitation absinthe add water turns milky tastes licorice uplift drops sat drank girl looked sullen going buy dinner grinned saw point laughing
taxi hill passed lighted square dark climbing levelled dark street st etienne du mont smoothly asphalt passed trees standing bus place de la turned cobbles rue mouffetard lighted bars late open shops side street sitting jolted close going street brett hat head saw face lights open shops dark saw face clearly avenue des street torn working car tracks light acetylene flares brett face white line neck showed bright light flares street dark kissed lips tight turned pressed corner seat head don touch don touch matter stand brett stand darling understand don love love simply turn jelly touch sitting arm leaning calm
started stairs concierge knocked glass door lodge stopped letters telegram post lady leave card gentleman night end find nice friend mine don large large nice nice night put head hand rocked speak perfectly frankly monsieur barnes night found gentille night formed idea listen tell tres tres gentille family thing leave word yes hour send yes monsieur barnes lady lady eccentric une une concierge concierge owned drink selling concession paris race courses lay pelouse eye pesage took pride telling guests brought family sportsmen french word pronounced accent
drank bottles champagne count left basket kitchen dined restaurant bois dinner food excellent place count values wine count fine form meal brett party asked count dinner left restaurant waiters standing door wanted home hill brett haven splendid party count beaming happy nice smoking cigar don married want lead lives careers brett let brandy count hill quiet quiet brett feel quiet count noise dear brett let sommelier count called yes sir oldest brandy eighteen eleven sir bring bottle say don ostentatious call jake listen dear money brandy antiquities antiquities houseful
brett san sebastian card picture concha darling quiet healthy love chaps brett robert cohn heard frances left england note cohn saying going country couple weeks wanted hold fishing trip spain talked winter reach wrote bankers brett bothered cohn troubles enjoyed play tennis plenty races dined friends put extra office getting things ahead leave charge secretary bill gorton shove spain end june bill gorton arrived put couple days flat vienna cheerful states wonderful york wonderful grand theatrical season crop young light heavyweights prospect grow put weight trim dempsey bill happy lot money book going lot
baking hot square lunch bags rod case burguete top bus climbing ladder bill robert sat bill save place hotel couple bottles wine bus crowded women sitting baggage boxes top women fans going sun certainly hot robert climbed fitted place saved wooden seat ran top robert cohn stood shade arcade waiting start basque big leather wine bag lap lay top bus front seat leaning legs offered wine skin bill tipped drink imitated sound klaxon motor horn suddenly spilled wine laughed apologized drink klaxon later fooled basques liked bill talking spanish bill getting offered bottles wine
woke morning window looked cleared clouds mountains window carts diligence wood roof cracked split weather left days motor buses goat hopped carts roof diligence jerked head goats waved bounded bill sleeping dressed put shoes hall stairs stirring stairs unbolted door cool early morning sun dried dew wind died hunted shed inn found sort mattock stream try dig worms bait stream clear shallow look trouty grassy bank damp drove mattock earth loosened chunk sod worms underneath slid sight lifted sod dug carefully digging edge damp ground filled empty tobacco tins worms sifted dirt goats watched dig
bill put trout bag started river swinging open bag wet waist knew wading stream walked road bottles wine cold moisture beaded bottles walked trees spread lunch newspaper uncorked bottles leaned tree bill drying hands bag plump ferns let bottle pulled cork tipped bottle drank whew makes eyes ache let try wine icy cold tasted faintly rusty filthy wine bill cold helps unwrapped parcels lunch chicken hard boiled eggs find salt egg bill chicken bryan dead read paper yesterday yes bryan dead bill laid egg peeling gentlemen unwrapped drumstick piece newspaper reverse order bryan sake tribute commoner chicken egg wonder god created chicken bill sucking drumstick question stay earth let rejoice believe give thanks
noon sunday july fiesta exploded describe coming country assimilated town notice square quiet hot sun peasants outlying wine shops drinking getting ready fiesta recently plains hills shifting values gradually start paying cafe prices money worth wine shops money definite hours worked bushels grain sold late fiesta matter paid bought starting fiesta san fermin wine shops narrow streets town early morning going streets morning mass cathedral heard singing open doors shops warming eleven clock mass san fermin religious festival walked hill cathedral street cafe square noon robert cohn bill sitting tables marble topped tables white wicker chairs
noon ate tables set arcade town full wait table lunch iruna filled bull fight fuller tables crowded closer close crowded hum bull fight cafe noise matter crowded hum part seats fights barreras row ring side sobrepuertos seats wooden backs half amphitheatre mike thought brett sit high cohn wanted sit bill going sit barreras gave extra ticket waiter sell bill cohn look mind horses bill seen season bull fights worried stand afraid bored cohn think don look horses bull hits brett watch charge picador try bull don look horse dead hit
morning raining fog mountains sea tops mountains plateau dull gloomy shapes trees houses changed walked town look weather bad weather coming mountains sea flags square hung wet white poles banners wet hung damp front houses steady drizzle rain drove arcades pools water square streets wet dark deserted fiesta pause driven cover covered seats bull ring crowded sitting rain watching concourse basque dancers singers afterward val carlos dancers costumes danced street rain drums sounding hollow damp chiefs bands riding ahead big heavy footed horses costumes wet horses coats wet rain crowd cafes dancers sat tight wound white legs tables shaking water belled caps spreading red purple jackets chairs dry raining hard left crowd cafe hotel shaved dinner
morning fiesta finished woke clock bath dressed stairs square empty streets children picking rocket sticks square cafes opening waiters carrying comfortable white wicker chairs arranging marble topped tables shade arcade sweeping streets sprinkling hose sat wicker chairs leaned comfortably waiter hurry white paper announcements unloading bulls big schedules special trains pillars arcade waiter wearing blue apron bucket water cloth commenced tear notices pulling paper strips washing rubbing paper stuck stone fiesta drank coffee bill watched walking square sat table ordered coffee yes don car think going paris stay week think san sebastian want mike going
matter minutes lead race attack boils painful sat small neck red blond hairs sunburned riders joked boils tapped table fork listen morrow nose tight handlebars thing touches boils lovely breeze girls looked table grinned turned red spaniards pedal coffee terrasse team manager big bicycle manufacturers pleasant race worth watching bottechia abandoned pamplona dust bad spain roads france bicycle road racing sport tour de france papers tour de france greatest sporting event organizing road races france france spring summer fall spent road bicycle road racers look number motor cars riders town town road race rich country sportif sportif country
feel set wiped damned cohn lived seen bad damned personal appearance gotten put cigarette thirty going bitches ruins children going feel feel set looked thought looking cigarette saw crying feel crying shaking crying wouldn look put arms don let talk don let talk dear brett going mike feel crying held close damned nice awful sort thing look stroked hair feel shaking won bitches jake let talk left hotel montana woman ran hotel let pay bill bill paid let brett matter rode taxi palace hotel left bags arranged berths sud express night bar hotel cocktail
going okay mother father dropped news bam wonderful tell peter mom dinner slicing carrots salad bowl grabbed asked figured maybe father president company maybe teacher phoned saying don grades grade definitely smartest kid class re going baby mom re going asked starting choke dad whack tiny pieces chewed carrot flew mouth hit counter mom wiped sponge baby dad mean re pregnant asked mom told patting middle months months known months didn tell wanted sure dad took months sure saw doctor today mom baby due february reached tried tousle hair ducked touch dad took lid pot stove stirred stew mom slicing carrots thought discussing weather shouted stopped looked
end week fudge asked big question baby inside mommy mom borrowed copy babies read fudge soon facts straight telling exactly mom dad baby told henry elevator operator henry smiled mouthful small fry told checker supermarket eyes bigger bigger mom fudgie getting part fudge peter mom getting warm don fudge saw pregnant woman bus growing inside woman changed seat told grandma mother anne think wise days talked stork stork fudge asked big bird told big bird sesame street exactly birds fudge want grow bird grandma re boy fudge laughed crazy turned somersaults floor fudge stopped talking favorite subject told nursery school class teacher impressed phoned asked mom school
night sitting living room watching tv holding tootsie lap let soft sigh lot turtle asleep tell kind dream noises makes nightmare cries shakes pet calm tootsie fast asleep noises cry wiggle times mouth sucking bottle guess dreams eating lot sighs favorites content feels warm soft lying arms feel soon show dad snapped tv turned face news boys looking tootsie mom dad laughed dad interesting fudge asked racing cars floor vrooom vrooom vrooom yes interesting mom don suspense let hear suspense privilege fudge asked told shut listen looked father asked idea interesting idea interesting necessarily
fudge brought home paintings kindergarten class mom hung wall kitchen night fudgie re school going special treat bird fudge thinking bird mom repeated yes bird bird dad scratching beard thinking terms yo yo mom yo yo fudge told don bird don fudge bird dad nice pet warren mom think ready pet yes dad mom thinking daddy sleep room fudge asked yes dad bed dad birds sleep cages beds careful fudge covers birds sleep beds mom fudge asked sleep standing mom fudge asked yes think try tonight fudge lie sleep dad explained birds stand difference birds birds fly fudge asked
grandma visit weekend surprised find fudge longer slept hallway parents bedroom sleep room fudge told uncle feather needs course grandma standing front uncle feather cage re lovely birdie lovely birdie lovely birdie uncle feather grandma laughed smart smart smart smart uncle feather night mom dad grandma stayed home watched tv tootsie grandma lap late night bottle kindergarten going grandma asked fudge nice teacher says sweet grandma snorted think fudge asked grandma certainly grandma told snorted fudge asked maybe grandma play tootsie grandma burping tootsie re holding fudge singing dumb songs re dumb re grandma girl girl fudge asked trying grandma lap certainly grandma shifting tootsie arm room fudge
night asked parents knew frank fargo famous yes dad didn told tells mom considering paintings gallery downtown white thing black circles red square asked dad don sure cost lot problem dad going mom began looking needlepoint re going told offered part job dr monroe dentist town thought sick teeth thought wanted study art history art history wait mom decided practical looked dad book thought stupid book wouldn practical dad president advertising agency peter mom sounded angry thoughtful thing say didn care felt angry anne dad think peter getting president agency peter sure wouldn want father president don want president agency dad try understand
dad stopped talking book feeling wasn going talked growing vegetables cook chinese style princeton university hockey team took home games jimmy fargo visit joined violence jimmy think hockey game lot bloodier football team fights hockey dad argued game skill timing precision yeah sure jimmy blood bounce ice blood bounces ice asked yeah jimmy vomit temperature ice versus temperature body jimmy dad turning green true hatcher bounce ice maybe dad reason games jimmy nice side event dad shook head began check players names list inside program jimmy leaned tapped dad arm violent person hatcher don wrong idea healthy aggressive energy hey jimmy yeah shut okay sure jimmy quiet nearly end period players fight
morning fudge woke hurry re going late school mumbled pulled blanket shook re going late school looked clock radio ten alarm didn wondered jumped bed raced bathroom splashed cold water face threw clothes headed downstairs quiet kitchen asked ha ha fudge sang jumping ha ha ha saturday fooled didn door running hands clunked upstairs bed going kill kid told going tear pieces going tossed turned couldn sleep heard tootsie babbling walked hall room sitting crib flinging toys stood saw held arms lifted crib yuck re smelly set table changed diaper yuck worst thing babies diapers cleaned dumped plenty baby powder backside
daniel mrs manheim home mom put mozart record stereo sat living room table working family picture puzzle mountain scene sunset corner put pee ran fudge chewing piece puzzle took thought running found matching piece snapped place daddy ran didn want anymore fudge stacking orange pieces talking dad asked moved princeton fudge course dad told gave idea figured fudge true dad princeton fudge asked change dad explained wanted lake fudge change speaking princeton mom polishing brownie millie george soon decide mean find house ready move city mean choice asked thought living princeton tootsie toddled reached grabbed handful sunset pieces ran
western europe period called middle ages neighborhood lived villages separate islands village knew happened villages miles understand suppose living europe home furniture simple father mother brothers sisters live cottage built wood windows roof cottage thatch thick covering straw reeds leaves hard packed earth floor openings cottage door hole roof let smoke fire unfortunately hole lets rain chimney oven stove summer meals cooked doors open fire furniture cottage rough box straw mattress bed table boards laid trestles trestle sawhorse stools chest food cooked iron pot eaten dishes baked hardened clay lamps candles
european explorers america living united states region terra incognita homeland traveled rivers climbed mountains farmed land americans today word indians lived america europeans term native americans historians believe ago ancestors asia north america think land continents sea land hunted wandering herds animals indians lived america divided tribes tribe large group speaking language sharing european explorers arrived america hundreds indian tribes tribes england italy idea indian read tribes homes eastern forests grassy plains dry lands southwest iroquois live eastern woodlands forests northern york lived iroquois bark covered houses hundred feet space ten twenty families
spain takes lead exploration columbus remember discovered islands caribbean sea cuba hispaniola found gold sure discovered islands coast asia spain ships women start settlements soon settlers land develop large farms bold adventurers penniless soldiers flocked cuba hispaniola hope making fortunes gold found islands wealthy farm rich soil raise cattle slow dreamed riches caribbean settlements adventurers set explore mainland american lands attract spaniards spaniards eager leave europe days young upper class spain chose soldiering career early spain armies war soldiers wanted adventure riches american lands unknown unexplored europeans beckoned brave caballero gentleman spain wouldn risk fame fortune remember spanish deeply religious believed duty convert christianity spaniards saw chance gain riches save souls spain courageous priests stouthearted soldiers dashing caballeros search converts church gold monarch wealth
laws planned punish massachusetts anger colonists news boston tea party reached britain agreed colonists george iii ministers angry felt unruly colonists taught lesson reason laws passed punish massachusetts laws closed port boston trade owners tea paid loss law took massachusetts rights government troops boston commander general thomas gage appointed governor massachusetts colonists laws harsh called intolerable acts intolerable means unbearable news intolerable acts spread colonies felt sorry massachusetts angry british government food supplies poured boston colonies virginia house burgesses proclaimed prayer fasting protest intolerable acts patriots colonies wonder colonies heard massachusetts punishment responded quickly colonists resisted strict control british known patriots intolerable acts patriots colonies found samuel adams suggested committee formed boston write letters correspond citizens towns
news fighting lexington concord spread quickly colonies british troops general gage remained boston patriot recruits gathered towns surrounding city patriots guns uniforms training courage face king soldiers colonists fight bravely battle bunker hill night june force americans climbed bunker hill breed hill overlooking city boston look map page hold hills patriots force english troops leave boston morning light startled british found americans position breed hill interesting patriots received orders seize bunker hill fortified nearby breed hill battle fought breed hill americans called battle bunker hill general gage group redcoats drive capture bold americans citizens boston watched housetops lines british soldiers advanced perfect order summit hill nearly reached top driven sharpshooting americans hillside covered dead dying patriots running short powder redcoats attacked americans forced withdraw hill british fond boasting regular troops finest
early part canada won responsible government stirring events taking place spain latin american colonies uprisings spanish rule broke colony revolt spanish colonies reminds ways revolt english colonies grievances country ruled taxes trade regulations fought bloody battles win independence differences winning independence difficult spanish colonies english colonies thirteen english colonies occupied narrow strip land seacoast territory spanish colonies stretched south america central america mexico part present united states parts spanish america mountain ranges tropical forests separated settlements difficult send messages move armies place difference government english colonists cherished rights deal government spanish colonies iron rule spanish king chance try government consider won independence spite difficulties realize remarkable achievement grievances spanish colonists chapter told strictly spain controlled trade colonies wanted money trade grew bitter regulations
united states independent end differences north south differences north south living farming cities south towns cities north manufacturing carried north south ways living thinking develop rolled differences north south steadily greater north attention paid manufacturing trade business cities grew north nation railroads built south seen continued chiefly land farms plantations cotton king growing selling cotton important making living south lives think differently likely things ways tariff law passed instance northerner say tariff foreign goods help sell goods higher price southerner say tariff won help prices cotton crops sell raise prices tools clothes things buy england northern states free slaves
frontier days late early west older settlements east south pioneer type american actually known west clearly westerners southerners easterners let visit typical cluster frontier cabins lower ohio river soon frontier cabins live young pioneer couples couples moved west ways living home robert priscilla adams belonged wealthy respected england families colonial days living shipbuilding trade john wagner wife kate recently arrived united states europe thomas margaret mackenzie country virginia scanty living thrift hard couples met east friends lands mountains faced problems dangers staking farms cleared land trees built homes planted harvested crops able bring household articles flatboat wagon pioneers depended skill things needed home farm
andrew jackson president thoughtful found conditions needed improved things concerned education education important nation citizens opportunity vote part government able read write informed public education starts slowly early opportunities education today remember early colonists set schools kinds later northwest ordinance adopted stated knowledge government declared northwest territory schools means education forever encouraged virginia thomas jefferson tried start system schools help educate poor children jefferson ahead times thoughts education reasons early plans provide education succeeded west families struggling hard started homes think schooling south children planters received education public schools established north schools suffered revolutionary war unsettled parents afford children private schools states practice public schools parents pay share cost children education
growth industry united states began recall industrial revolution reached country england late chapter remember machines run water power invented produce articles hand colonial days factories built northeast workers nearby farms newcomers europe flocked jobs mill towns middle steam power begun place water power running machines inventions factories spreading network railroads helped manufacturing continue grow read chapter demand war materials kinds civil war stepped rate production industrial revolution gathers speed civil war ended united states england industrial nation later country led manufactured goods longer manufacturing limited chiefly northeast factories multiplied south railroads built fast growing west industry quickly developed machines increased rapidly half twentieth century called machine age look realize enormous quantity goods produced machines america machines homes comfortable provide swift means travel save breaking labor
considered problems brought growth industry business natural resources carelessly country experienced periods boom depression giant business concerns tried establish monopolies problems affected american citizens problems directly affected industrial workers learned machinery growth factories changed conditions workers operating machine means thing likely interesting handwork worker variety tasks addition carrying steps machine requires skill kinds handwork result workers easily replaced jobs secure machines effect wages illustrate points let turn jackson factory jackson keeps labor costs jackson likes factory wages pays important part cost making chairs jackson offers lowest wages accept continue wants workers return wages reason hard hours
united states nation immigrants dream america land chance played important part growth united states drawn dream immigrants lands search freedom homes jobs immigrants move country settle permanently stream immigrants america small took courage cross atlantic establish home america settlements started atlantic coast set english colonies homes europe number newcomers america eastern shores remained small hundred english settlements early immigrants farmers merchants craftworkers laborers lawyers thirteen colonies british control immigrants british stock england scotland wales sizable numbers scotch irish page germans english colonies read earlier scotch irish headed frontier pushed inland pennsylvania virginia carolinas mountains kentucky tennessee germans settled southern pennsylvania known pennsylvania dutch built sturdy stone houses barns fertile prosperous farms page remember america willing immigrants
president johnson announced plan retire democratic party chose vice president hubert humphrey run president senator edmund muskie maine running mate republicans nominated richard nixon unsuccessful presidential candidate governor spiro agnew maryland republican vice presidential candidate presidential candidate george wallace governor alabama popular vote election close electoral vote nixon clear majority winning electoral votes richard nixon elected president americans debate war issue nixon administration began inflation racial unrest troubled nation greatest problem wave protests directed vietnam war questioned war successfully ended cost war deaths injuries destruction property mounted higher higher nation deeply divided feelings war issue citizens opposed war americans organized marches support president war policy urge nation fight win military victory vietnam peace talks paris page meetings months times progress spite disappointment united states began cutting forces southeast asia american troops remained vietnam war ends early agreement united states north vietnam finally reached
ago took days weeks travel distances today read earlier chapters took place transportation railroads cars finally airplanes travel easier convenient today americans served number modern transportation networks instance road construction program started eisenhower administration page resulted vast network superhighways roads millions americans cars depend kinds transportation needs driving shopping visiting friends transportation networks essential airline system travel quickly easily distant cities country abroad numbers depend mass transit systems subways commuter trains buses transportation metropolitan areas mass transit systems especially important today move large numbers low cost energy revolutions american communication chapter read invention telephone radio greatest change communication recent decades brought television television invented war ii sets private early million television sets united states television brings homes news reports sports events variety entertainment educational programs coverage special events
nation built principles liberty government english colonists brought heritage rights flourished america colonists prized liberty willing fight preservation result efforts later generations americans today guaranteed rights freedom speech worship assemble groups petition government fair trial efforts earlier americans live government based majority citizens expressed elected representatives nation grown leaders remarkable leaders washington lincoln forward times national crisis serve country battle government affairs leaders progress industry science invention education united states benefited hard loyalty countless women opportunities offered free learned study america history periods history groups denied liberty freedom opportunity ownership property membership church requirement voting women allowed vote indians forced give land
morning funeral tearing room trying find kind shoes wear adidas holes toes pair flip flops find clogs think packed winter clothes box attic mother growing impatient tells borrow pair shoes look closet choose pair inch heels ankle straps trip going stairs brother jason says watch stupid says quietly whisper mom puts arm shoulder careful davey cemetery fanning midst longest heat wave atlantic city seen twenty degrees ten think feel walk beach wet sand ocean lapping feet days ago stayed water fingers toes wrinkled hugh called pruney hugh walk cemetery gravesite standing side cracking knuckles thinking hard hair sunbleached looks white maybe notice parted side carefully brushed hanging face
walter bitsy stay ten days bitsy offers stay longer help mother mom says thing bitsy says re family maybe haven seen voice trails planning trip mexico mom says shakes head able finish sentence bitsy says change mom says pick pieces don want worry money gwen help want help feet mother presses lips shakes head think manage bitsy table walks kitchen pours cup coffee standing stove stirring honey cup tea going drink remember born bitsy says adorable baby think talking jason says drawing beginning student fine athlete realize means father believe bitsy continues voice breaking don want cry takes deep breaths blows nose moment passes
don want start school don want stay bed stay bed covers head night prowl carrying breadknife check lock door listen footsteps try remember remember night remember brown paper bag closet shelf remember shower davey mother says night school starts wash hair bet ten days thirteen days thirteen days bathed smell don care roll pull bedsheet ear bed smells warm salty slightly sour smell unwashed smell coming inside honey mom says don wait tomorrow morning ready school planning jump bed morning head shower shakes sure listening davey okay mother pull guilt trips maybe trying works side feels badly behaving cares father bed feeling wobbly lack exercise food
climb rock rock losing footing grabbing hold branch steady traveling steepest inclines backside don takes half hour hour left watch home knowing today schedule follow today mine bottom canyon look surprised remember climb shouldn distracted lizard perfectly blends surroundings stand watch scampers rock rock stretch rock lifting face sun feeling comes feeling wanting share father want talk badly ache want tell climbed canyon wasn afraid want tell happened night thinking feeling wish feel kiss forehead light loving wish feel hand smoothing hair face hands big big palm basketball big hold jason air remember warm felt
home gobble chicken sandwich bitsy left hot shower stiff sore feel begin sing sing song song glad home hear hot water shampoo hair scrub toe singing think quitting school trying singing career lights revolving sign resorts international hotel casino inside mc announces debut ladies gentlemen presenting atlantic city davey wexler drums roll step stage wearing slinky black dress slit side hair flowing rose tucked ear pick microphone room quiet hear snap fingers begin sing husky sexy voice soprano chorus mother sits front table jason lenaya hugh sipping champagne room table wolf eyes singing song finish audience goes wild yelling encore encore sing songs wolf rushes stage presents bouquet roses
nights due fly home phone rings walter answers audrey mother friend atlantic city wants pick airport mom says taking call kitchen comes living room face deadly pale store attacked vandals says quietly shot windows inside mess smashed hands terrible thing think police leads mom continues don think related robbery voice trails manages say covers face hands room filled sound low wail sends shivers look trying identify realize coming mother damn screams damn hell feels want comfort hold close held jason nosebleed hysterical raving ranting room pulling hair screaming crying flinging needlepoint cushions fly air stack books swept table movement arm amber glass ashtray smashes fireplace
discover period free walk jane tall blonde beautiful chin practically non existent cross parking lot walking bridge diamond drive sleazy store jane buys juice pretzels don grapefruit juice store group boys wearing cowboy boots ten gallon hats call lewd things jane ignores mutters stomps cross walking bridge sit grassy area front high school cool breeze jane pulls poncho zip jacket re jane asks guzzling juice atlantic city tell california asks jersey jersey yes say amazed thought atlantic city california guess thinking studio city california nibbles pretzel atlantic city miss america pageant held say sister finalist lost girl whistle beethoven jane polishes rest pretzels brushes crumbs hands says moved yes weeks ago father physicist say father dead
clubs town bitsy belongs counting morning walk week jazzercise batiking class calendar full looks doctor appointment book family especially jason growing closer closer walter night hear bitsy telling walter jason reminds adam boy think bitsy misses father lets lot clubs associations high school danielle girl american cultures class trying join society preservation creative anachronisms dresses toga medieval type sandals lace legs wears fuzzy hobbit creature pinned shoulder class knits seen note straight student jousting matches tells wednesday class stands close smell garlic breath idea creative anachronisms want preserve say look jousting shakes head clearly disappointed drops arm shoulder give try inch wondering gay overextended tell expression picked bitsy phone asked volunteer community activity
tell jane decided join candy stripers says terrific look college applications think explaining reason joining college farthest thing mind don want college decide say don feel getting hassle future walk los medical center room marked director volunteers listen lecture duties school helpers fifteen boys try picture dressed candy striped jumpers begin giggle started stop jane looks raises eyebrows look try control basically director says duties assist nurses aides delivering mail flowers making sure patients fresh water helping serve evening meal circumstances administer medication patients bring eat drink ordered occasionally volunteers runs troublesome patient happens report directly jane leans whispers sister candy striper patient flashed mouth word gross jane listening director
morning thirty knock door rise shine jane mother calls breakfast ready church jane rolls moans sits says god sunday holds hands head feel terrible think dying die night happened don remember say remember pizza hut drinking vodka car remember car car parking lot ted seat sick jane remember says shaking head don thought pops mind jane thinks experience boys truth plenty experience remember shouldn drink tell drank shouldn drink handle makes feel loosens shy boys night exactly trying tell jane bed shower church don think say davey stand idea parents morning don respond friend jane says friend say
look forward candy striping week especially visit ortiz patient hospital friends hard losing strength week change worse cheeks sunken body withering week saw dental bridge looked ancient chart fifty remains cheerful don understand sick close death enjoy left ortiz likes hear school decided swim team explained dozen times dive swim face water says learn built swimmer regrets learned swim son star high school team ortiz missed meet promise think swimming truth interested trying school play going production oklahoma scripts music drama department office tryouts months doubt sophomore chance major role chorus nice sing shower
santa fe feel exhilarated street realize things miss atlantic city watching boardwalk watch fascinated los watch housewives supermarket sameness find boring santa fe tourists mingle natives spanish anglos native americans walk plaza admiring windows shops festive decorations part santa fe village city reminds christmas lands book studied fourth grade feel land window full pinatas want buy family store price expensive palace governors dates jane tells groups indians sit portal displaying wares colorful blankets delicate silver turquoise earrings necklaces strings heishi chunky silver bracelets rings want buy mother blanket blanket admiring finally decide pair earrings ten dollars afford splurge pretty french pastry shop adjacent la fonda hotel
home phone miriam office set appointment miriam greets warmly lost friend sit chair sofa chair office read monitor says wanted play town weekend say glad smiles talking family begins don wait finish lied father say told jane died heart attack miriam arches leans forward suppose easier story tell truth yes wrote friend told father shot killed feel told didn tell want tell think tell help times afraid afraid bring maybe bring order feel tensing shift chair unable find comfortable position mother jason night father killed miriam says prompting
days later small package arrives return address try postmark think says big sur california open package quickly inside white box inside flat polished stone big quarter colors change brown golden depending light beautiful lift stone box find note tiger eye tiger eyes wolf say los lagartijos corren wonder matters thinking thinking hold tiger eye stone lips mom home says dinner reservation ask say yes ned yes change wear skirt feel mom says think tell shower wash hair put gauzy blouse tiered skirt carry stone pocket borrow bitsy volvo drive decent restaurant town los airport park lot walk look spring sky leo
looks buy walter says mom examining car lemon lot wants sell car los parks potential buyers engine clean tires shape gas walter says color mom says inside attractive think davey say blue subaru wonder car jane threw night reuben ted think jase speed jason asks knows cars walter tells highway driving uncle walter walter says tousling jason hair offer mom asks let home call set appointment drive walter says okay fine mom says walter appreciate help walter nods begins walk blazer mom jason runs front hang gwen walter asks listening mom says thinking maybe strong strong needed strong mom says couldn strong re going miss kids says
shoemaker wife shoemaker fred wife kate house liked house fred liked shoes liked shoes boys girls fred wanted leather shoes money leather fred kate money fred kate sad fred leather leather shoes cut fred put leather table looked leather leather morning fred shoes looked table shoes shoes fred kate didn liked shoes gave money fred fred leather fred kate happy fred cut leather put table morning fred kate looked table shoes boys girls liked shoes gave money fred fred leather cut put table morning shoes boys girls liked shoes gave money fred fred kate happy fred want makes shoes let hide kate hide hide
news writer goal report happenings trends plain clear language knowing readers easily distracted news writers short sentences words quickly understood facts generally sentence sentence easily digestible addition newspaper paragraphs limited statements mean news writers sentences read grade john saw cat mary saw dog news writer write john dickson saw cat leap loading dock dash doberman beginners read daily newspapers carefully news stories written sentences twenty words nearly word understood high school readers flowery language omitted sentences briskly tell story writers try active voice debbie kosta scored winning basket action appealing contrast passive winning basket scored debbie kosta colorful dramatic words add interest stories leap dash adjectives sparingly rarely aid story produce corny prose wore gorgeous stunning purple scarf tired expressions avoided phrases big barn ran deer drove wall cliches fresh language strained improves writing cliches course turned clever phrases smith decided quit mary jones hit idea writers deal story opening sentence called lead pronounced leed
give definition feature story news story written inverted pyramid form fiction features deal facts editorial features provide opinion describe feature say news story written piece short fiction geometric diagram feature rectangle beginning middle end equal importance features dominate school magazine yearbook publication stresses immediacy reports yearbook describes events magazine articles tell continuing school problem struggle student rights overemphasis athletics school paper comes weekly prefers features news stories news stories dated feature stories narrative style don start unlike news story blurt important thing sentence features set scene words gradually relate details feature lead whet interest readers making curious wanting read news story begin sophomore lisa martinez won student council seat week percent vote defeating feature subject start student council member able tell run campaign note lead mentions hints student council member won clever election campaign
tried age level preschoolers gray haired ladies remained highly risky shoplifting crime cost average arkansas family retail price increases families group annoyed shoplifter members north rock police force publicly view shoplifting crime feel locked committing force object answering calls pursuing shoplifters hauling captain gene barentine chief patrol divisions let easily end police pay figure average citizen price increases result shoplifting figure protecting interests north rock police department encouraged companies begin prosecuting shoplifter arrest policy working greater number cases prosecuted fewer increases crime captain barentine thing retailers favor don lose cases court north rock firm arrested approximately ten months shoplifting according barentine majority caught shoplifting apprehended security guards posted mirrors arrested north rock majority ages according federal records largest group shoplifters nationwide composed females ages fortunately laws protect consumer arkansas prosecuted shoplifting result jail thousand dollar fine
covering major sports football basketball baseball writers plan coverage game game coaches players questioned opposition team faces condition injured players kicking game improving free throw shooting practiced diligently game course reporters accurate notes fact readily writing starts sportswriters develop form shorthand play play accounts mark important items quick reference later writers avoid taking notes spend hour reading start writing game reporters hustle locker rooms quick interviews coaches key players evaluations team won lost reporters try prepare suitable questions obvious silly query rejected football team lost stupid ask coach contributed defeat game coach asked turning point snapped opening kickoff daily newspaper sportswriters fortunate stories paper hours game cover high school writers special problems weeks game stories print basketball season home team play games issues school paper solution lead future events tack reports games played
reporters perfect need copy editors measure copy write headlines reporters lapses commit style errors misspell word write ponderous sentences wrong copy editor watches mistakes tries improve language requires rewriting sentence smoothing clumsy sentences graceful shifting paragraph paragraph generally fixing copy irritate school reporters egos wounded thought beautiful prose scalpel ax problem relieved reporters told copy altered editor editors making mistakes editing complicated story reporter ask improve worse reporters angry stories mangled editor copy editors read stories care ask read story makes sense readers reasonable questions answered writing smooth lead whet reader interest error fact facts opinion properly attributed spelling punctuation usage grammar flaws properly identified reporter write mckinley won jorge adamic award story neglects explain adamic award copy editor find slip information story editors trim story fit allotted space easy tempting whack paragraphs accomplish task paragraphs important
sound hard bad news letters width letters vary considerably determining length headlines easier publications unit count system chart shows count letters characters headlines slight variations type style beginners tend headline counting terrible chore count kinds squiggles head job takes times longer line principal declares say ah capital makes person fun counting count letter space count answer practice easy find real count secret balancing fat letter thin adding subtracting fats thins capital fat line thin balance leaving average count thins total count drops space cutting count count headline writers spend lot juggling words shifting emphasis trying think substitutes suppose reporter written lead richard pikrone chemistry physics teacher leave end school serve peace corps
spring students peoria high school polls elect student council president students cast votes meager student population took vote explanation low turn students election affected number students grayeb student council advisor effectively prevent election fraud elections fair regardless effect voter turn grayeb stated local election campaigns clean run campaigns phs government students opinion contrary freshman sophomore class approximate turnout tallied junior class class number students going polls senior class seniors polls shows trend involvement students listened advice candidate solomon urged cast vote known student population vote suggests need revision election process contact candidates voters limited cases nonexistent speeches election idea investigated council voting presidential elections held student council sc members vote
sick student row bert sick student eleven half overcome twenty symbols entire language theory relativity fourth dimension gotten half left high school diploma tells read grade level didn give diploma end grade tell ready quit row bert stared tell despondent thought thought tell thinking didn say look face thinking organize faction row bert party disgruntled students views represented parties teachers administrators don teacher easy administrator pull big salary wear piece suits sit air conditioned office asked row bert glad didn ask air conditioning december principle air conditioner needed administrators asked boy disillusioned didn wore gucci shoes administrator tough phone rang soon sat office
watch background avoid taking pictures stuffed animal antlers coming subject head person microphone sprouting ear front clothes rack head lost coats contrast background light skinned white haired person photographed white wall contrast deep shades blend dark skinned person photographed front blackboard lights darks photographed group neutral background sought lighting reflect picture subject mood backstage shots offer sharp contrast bright stage lights shadows picture basketball player slumped locker room corner grieving defeat shadowy showing gloom photographers read manuals giving tips picture taking experiment exposures carefully note took picture later say ah light picture fast shutter situation develops prepared correct exposure obtain picture kind practice avoid need experimenting job photographers cameras heading assignment don muff assignment chance shot matter skillful photographers likely pictures improved careful elimination useless detail elimination process called cropping goal exclude parts picture detract story aims tell
editors need concerned production getting newspaper magazine yearbook set type printed production yearbooks course companies specializing staffers careful follow firm instructions type pictures design letter magazines newspapers printer local newspaper commercial printer typesetting printing unfortunately printers treat sideline poor job staff embarrassed difficult typesetter printer turn looking paper magazine short competent typesetters printers school publications look fair editors type design printing processes school publications give confusing conflicting instructions firms forced charge steep prices extra performing important tasks publication staff help printer job production task scheduling production step scheduled beginning moment issue planned addition editors staffers dates responsible meeting staffers stick schedule printers allot publication blamed producing perfect copy photographs layouts instructions arrive schedule important task keeping dummy date preliminary dummy assignments adjusted assignments
high school magazines styles content appearing formats newspapers dressed magazines news magazines cross newsweek school paper literary publications filled poems short stories occasional essay veer literary form reports essays commentary poem tossed smorgasbord general purpose magazine includes fairly journalistic stories artistic photographs drawings sketches poems essays short stories commentary schools magazine lives perilous reasons expensive students pay worth editors fail consider afloat importantly editors look magazine toy play enjoy rarely think producing publication eager buy advertisers willing support editors planning magazine continuing schedule couple planning sessions ask number questions increase sales parts magazine students reject kind magazine want kind magazine think students teachers read merge want statement purpose planning sessions editors staffers decide publish smorgasbord magazine offer content ranging humor journalism statement assume book interest students
finding substitute suggests problem weekly monthly commercial magazines called inventory maybe thirty articles issues despite fact paid magazine authors disappointed angry gotten money school magazine comes rarely inventory accepted piece dropped room clearly superior money soothe author feelings things tell authors accepted possibly squeeze magazine rejected piece permission author school newspaper offer hold piece issue course eat humble pie author apologize don try invent weak excuses tell person happened give promises publication acceptance wait deadline editors weigh piece rough dummy magazine decide won fit commercial magazines count continuity help sell bright red border cover reader digest tends look issue readers magazines glance covers recognize friend school magazines blessed
term mass media refers publications broadcasts provide public information entertainment media touch lives constantly pelted messages newspapers magazines radio television advertising public relations books determined hermit avoid mass media surround turn idea medium operates influences swayed unconsciously confused misled read hear newspaper mass medium today daily newspapers published united states existed try describe daily newspapers general terms unwise metropolitan giants differ greatly page dailies printed towns thousand unwise generalize daily press courageous cowardly responsible irresponsible conservative liberal american press speaks voices quality ranges poor excellent greatest myths daily press newspapers money fail opposite closer truth newspapers profitable papers afternoon metropolitan papers fallen hard times readers moved suburbs interested city buy afternoon paper chicago daily news closed doors advertisers feel circulation dwindled provided big audience ads advertising basic revenue newspapers
impact radio faded television swept country fifties hard believe bt television radio ran situation comedies plays variety shows television simply programs visible course radio means music frequently stations specialize specific kinds music rock country easy listening classical music interrupted periodically minute newscasts talk call show big cities news stations broadcast days headlines repeating dozens times exception kind programming found public radio stations supported taxes listener contributions stations tied universities play classical music give newscasts interview prominent broadcast special reports trends problems listen radio intently nearly hears radio certainly radio radios nation woman child united states stations commercial fm stations noncommercial fm stations commercial stations sell billion worth meaning commercials percent tv stations sell number tv stations short commercial vhf stations channels commercial uhf stations channels noncommercial stations hooked partly government supported public broadcasting service broadcast vhf uhf knows lives television occupies tv set exists percent homes percent
biggest concern mass media deals influence observers contend networks newspapers influence attitudes voting lifestyles believe influence harmful potentially clearly mass media influence news editors say crusty editor read hear editors select influenced choices critics claim editors choose material help switch networks buy newspapers critics add local news generally switch papers town consumers mass media consider taking blame want read pleasant news angry read senator corrupt community pillar committed misdemeanor put things paper exclaim sweet harmless items consumers say media biased mean media bias match want media fair dispassionate penetrating answer criticisms writer leo rosten media offer public news facts information interpretations public takes trouble digest editors wonder influence run dozen stories corrupt official assuming public rise wrath happens official reelected whopping margin california nearly major paper editorial pages opposed proposition mandated slash property taxes
asked father questions traveling minister lot getting chilly mrs wright suddenly look gray clouds wilbur looked going snow bet happily picnics spring mother yes looks snow getting home reached home big white snowflakes started fall falling night real snowstorm morning wind blowing fiercely wilbur found hard walk barn wood stored wind strong knocked burst kitchen door armful wood stove told mother wind thing lean forward wind bend closer ground wind night wilbur trip wood tried mother idea surprise worked bent wind didn nearly strong days wind stopped countryside covered snow wilbur orville kate trailing hurried big hill house orville schoolmates sleds hill coast roads wouldn mattered automobiles horse drawn sleighs traveled roads winter horses bells fastened collars jogged bells rang hear mile
reverend milton wright home days later coat look sled hear story fastest sled big hill let boys tools susan wright moment silence reverend wright liked things typewriter proud shining chisels sharp saws clean workbench barn let boys tools amazed yes father susan wright orv stood feeling nervous word turned left room heard walking yard barn ten minutes returned looked solemn faces sons didn hurt twinkle eye matter fact sharpened chisels finished sharpened tools eagerly felt care tools mrs wright guess mother reverend wright smiled want orv blurted want sled steer want build rudder wilbur explained heard rudder sled father wanted father saw picture boat schoolbooks wilbur rudder maybe rudder steer sled
orv tricycles wheels fixed lot wouldn worth carmody fix orv told needed wheels wagon carmody smiled suppose fix wheels going attach wagon draw pictures draw pictures carmody puzzled wilbur explained told mother drew pattern dress drew pattern dress told orv sled carmody listened thoughtfully orv told hard pull ed wagon wooden wheels re boys didn build bicycle bicycles heavy wooden wheels thick iron tires weigh hundred pounds called em boneshakers sure rattle bones lot happened orv asked smart frenchman started studying bicycle carmody figured lightweight bicycle easier wouldn tired fast sat drew bicycle lighter bonebreaker drew light metal wheel solid rubber tires cemented rims wooden spokes weighed half type bicycle weighed lot faster
soon pattern continual cry hear soon dare say miss bonnie inevitable reply maid hands knees front fire folding goffering frills twenty lace petticoats girl turned impatient vigil climbed window seat survey snowy park jumping sprung cushions covered crimson satin bounced nearly hit ceiling give miss bonnie pattern look dust re raising tongs sit fire hear soon train due bonnie left perch reluctantly sit fire slender creature small age rosy mass tumbled black locks falling shoulders brilliant blue eyes equally ready dance laughter flash indignation square chin gave promise powerful obstinate temper perfectly controlled mouth sweet thoughtful occasion sat gazing fire piled high carved alabaster wolfhounds hope train delayed wolves presently nonsense miss bonnie dear don worry pretty head thoughts replied pattern porters stationmaster practicing muskets fowling pieces week moment commotion downstairs bonnie turned face alight expectancy
days events scene enacted london bonnie cousin sylvia prepared journey sylvia orphan parents carried fever infant lived aunt jane aged frail written sir willoughby suggest took care girl agreed proposal sylvia knew delicate country air welcomed idea gentle companionship bonnie aunt jane sylvia shared room top house park lane street aunt jane consider living unfortunately poor afford rent tiny attic genteel district room divided beautiful curtain white chinese brocade sylvia half room night aunt jane sleeping divan sylvia ottoman daytime curtain drawn hung elegantly looped wall cooked meals gas jet baths large enameled chinese bowl covered dragons heirloom aunt jane times stood occasional table door visiting cards making sylvia clothes aunt jane tears running face white curtain longer needed cutting fortunately large afford material chemises petticoats pantalettes dresses bonnet aunt jane mopping eyes tiny shred material murmured girl dressed white
james solly swung station staff dashed inside edifice chorus yelps howls considerable pack wolves loping station yard flash deafening report james fired musket solly whipped horses needed whipping carriage spring ground rapid motion left building lights fall snow progress silent flew carpeted ground save muffled hoofbeats cry wolves poor station exclaimed sylvia safe yes bonnie told reassuringly plenty ammunition bring food wolves troublesome train stop tell poor matter ill portmanteau fell knocked unconscious sylvia explained train stopped jerk yes drivers wolves notice train slowing alert start run station passengers train stop driver goes fast till moment order deceive thinking going straight
samuel edison paced floor closed door wife room restless unusually nervous wife nancy prayed child youngest children died young hard winters elder daughter marion soon married pitt edison going fifteen harriet ann known tannie thirteen baby lot difference nancy elliott edison loved children children sturdy person born chenango county york grew canada ancestors scottish father baptist minister believed girls educated nancy school turn taught school married samuel edison innkeeper vienna ontario married eighteen nancy easy fiery young husband stood feet inch shoes outjump outrun outfight township found hard settle business changed trade times quick temper hot head arrived united states jump ahead bloodhounds sam edison displeased politics royal canadian government joined rebellion government government victory sam edison traitor king soldiers looking decided run border outrun deer staying power set top speed chased soldiers scouts dogs ran days stopping sleep skated frozen st clair river arrived port huron michigan caught breath looked decided push south canal boats huron river lake erie built milan ohio
thomas alva edison young interested electricity outer space existence electricity known centuries ancient greeks knew rubbed piece amber assumed property ability attract particles substances scientist named william gilbert studied phenomenon called electricity greek word amber scientists studied electricity added knowledge benjamin franklin proved lightning electrical discharge thirty edison birth georg simon ohm germany michael faraday england important contributions science electricity al edison inquiring mind interested electricity telegraph exciting discovery boy electric telegraph invented samuel morse artist lived york morse started telegraph idea applied patent received edison born congress gave money morse lay telegraph wire washington baltimore morse telegraph messages wire alternately making breaking electric circuit sending operator pressed key switch closed circuit moment electric current flowed sounder receiving end sounder electromagnet attract iron bar electromagnet iron rod wrapped turns wire connected battery current flowed moment coiled wire magnetized rod sounder iron bar pulled magnet making loud click
baggage car laboratory end al experimenting laboratory jolting baggage car upset bottle phosphorus fell floor set car afire al trying beat flames alexander stevenson conductor arrived stevenson friendly al reason upset floor baggage car flames minute fire put boxed al ears al job candy butcher grand trunk continued publish herald workshop father gave alexander stevenson resigned shortly incident books edison stevenson blows reported responsible inventor deafness actual fact al hard hearing happened thirteen noticed hear morning late train running trying board moving railroad car trainman grabbed ears lifted aboard felt snap inside head edison deafness started doctors think hearing affected severe attack scarlet fever blow head added problem deafness diagnosed arthritis small bones ear edison wrote later haven heard bird sing twelve deafness reason school age twelve hear teachers hear grinding noises locomotive train cars voices shouting racket hear ordinary conversation hearing grew worse longer lived complained
bazookas amazing weapon looks length stovepipe fires small bomblike rocket range hundred yards hits rocket explodes force burn thin steel plate bazooka assistant load device carry extra rockets armed carbine light rifle light mortar team carried millimeter mortar barrel shade inches wide mortar shells thought mortar infantry effective weapon tubular device lobs shell high air reach walls hills accurate shell explodes shatters thousands fragments zip direction force bullets standing place mortar shell goes sure hit flame thrower team mortar section flame thrower spurted slightly jellied gasoline air set fire left nozzle burned furiously hit flame throwers concrete pillboxes gun emplacements german fortifications team spray pillbox burning jelly inside pillbox shooting fire burned section boat demolitions team perform special job daring demolitions carried tnt squarish packages called satchel charges lashed ends poles ten feet
war started earlier september germany invaded poland england france promised defend poland unprepared fight result terribly beaten spring france fallen german hands british army flee continent escaped french port dunkirk frightful losses summer germans allies italians controlled western europe german air force began attempt bomb british isles rubble british immediately began think getting continent started planning attack channel likely invaded invaders hitler threatened invade england assemble fleet barges french coast planning assault boats hesitated realized risks amphibious attack knew british navy destroy attempt smash german invasion fleet idea tempting british knew hitler germans landing successfully england lost english home owners feeling prefer death surrender pitchforks filled pots ordinary pepper throw faces invading germans point british talked stopping hitler assault pouring oil gasoline english channel setting fire burning invasion barges desperate idea propaganda
won war air cost thousands american british lives earlier victory assault foolhardy assault boats knew air war briefed fact german plane force crippled recovery air battle february decisive victory commander american air forces general arnold compared battle gettysburg importance american history leading ground troops merely noted results glad planes sky painted stripes christmas candy meaning belonged allies germans obvious german navy able interfere channel crossing signs german submarines torpedo boats allied navies won complete control invasion sea routes landing boats delighted steps assault smoothly understand happened answer command sea result months round clock fighting atlantic ocean arctic circle cape hope allied navies greatest successes won late afternoon june british canadian american mine sweepers finished clearing ten separate paths fields floating mines germans sown english channel
post rider high boots scarlet coat leaped horse quickly unstrapped leather mail bags moment william brewster postmaster scrooby stone steps manor receive mail brewster entered contents post bags books registry post rider bugler guzzling dinner cold mutton beer fifteen minutes riding fresh mounts north road york finished meal swung saddle gay notes postman horn faded sweetly distance village settled drowsy dullness afternoon william brewster duties found idleness brewster postmaster scrooby countryside steward manor collected rents tenants wide domain archbishop york administrator law justice district learning brewster attended cambridge youth studied greek latin later service queen elizabeth accompanied ambassadors important mission low countries seen remote corner england postmaster scrooby father held office brewster moved proud vain respected neighbors wisdom godliness neighbor sick trouble needed help friend knew find hands postmaster scrooby manor
streak dawn breaking horizon chill east wind blew marshes coast women barge seasick rough voyage meeting place worried dutch ship arrived craft put inlet sheltered rough sea tide going soon water inlet low barge left stranded sand bar noon tide rise float sky brightened women heard familiar voices calling walk country coast days light scrooby dutch ship shore start boarding ship women children wait noon rising tide free barge dutch ship boat ashore passengers returned ship boatload william bradford young nineteen suddenly shore heard shouting excited cries ship looked sea began putting sails hauling anchors slowly huge sails filled ship putting sea shore women screamed shouted wildly abandoned left shore rest party sailed holland
wind fair tide flood main deck speedwell separatists friends knelt streaming eyes robinson going trip led prayer tenderly gazed faces loved remaining meet bye bye dear hearts meet friend ashore mate shouted orders hawsers cast slowly ship moved dock feet yards ship rail travelers stood waving farewell figures quay diminished blurred sharply volley muskets salute guns rang ship soon broad waters river maas shortly passed hook westward bound england days reach southampton speedwell deck dorothy william bradford watched low shore line dropping memory pictures crowded thoughts warm hearted liberal holland hospitable leyden peaceful homes bell alley genial dutch neighbors courteous understanding twelve pleasant blended colored mist affectionate remembrance steadily ship drove westward wind aboard turned thoughts future told thirty leyden congregation volunteered adventure
woman wanted tiny child didn set finding witch child couldn tell difficult witch barleycorn kind grows farmer field kind chickens eat put flower pot thank woman gave witch silver coin home planted grain wait fine big flower sprang looked tulip petals tightly closed bud lovely flower woman kissed shut red yellow petals moment flower burst open loud crack real tulip middle flower green centre sat tiny girl graceful delicate fairy thumbjoint high called thumbelina walnut shell beautifully polished bed lay mattress deep blue violet petals rose petal eiderdown slept night daytime played table woman put soup plate water circle flowers round edge stalks facing centre
cold winter coming swallow flying warm countries won sit tie sash leave mole dark house fly mountains land sun shines beautifully summer groves trees full loveliest flowers ah dear thumbelina saved lay frozen dark passage earth yes thumbelina seated bird tied sash strongest feathers swallow soared high air forest lake mountains snow lies frosty air shiver crept bird warm feathers peeped gaze wonderful scenes warm countries sun shone brilliantly thumbelina known sky high roadside hedges grew delicious green purple grapes lemons oranges hung trees air fragrant myrtle sweet herbs paths ran lovely children playing brightly coloured butterflies swallow flew scene grew beautiful green trees lake sapphire blue stood palace built ago dazzling white marble vines growing round tall pillars top pillars swallows nests lived thumbelina bird
presently emperor honest official weaving going stuff soon ready thing happened minister looked looked empty looms saw lovely material cheats held imaginary stuff pointing pattern didn exist don believe stupid thought official suppose job thought think admiring noises cloth told pleased colours design yes reported emperor magnificent news remarkable stuff soon round town emperor mind looms number carefully chosen attendants honest officials weaving room rogues performing antics busily splendid cloth minister observe design majesty observe colours worthy official pointed empty looms sure material terrible thought emperor thing stupid unfit emperor frightful think charming charming aloud highest approval nodded satisfied empty looms account admit saw
march division united states marines united states getting ready board ships pacific plan course secret bustling headquarters pacific fleet pearl harbor handful high officers knew troops loading aboard ships officers knew troops going knew mile arc japanese pacific front troops soon landing enemy guns happened surprise japanese small force overwhelmed slaughtered naval officers guessed american spearhead thrust japanese flank north australia zealand rich british dominions south pacific anchor british strength fell virtually pacific hands japanese making difficult launch offensive japan exactly spearhead strike question decided high command washington admirals generals discussions north australia zealand american landing force hit japanese high officers agreed quickly pearl harbor war correspondents guessed landing party japanese arc conquest tried information hand landing party struck
consent admiral kelly turner commanding landing operation move transport ship carry assault troops landing guadalcanal marine regiment land seize beachhead shock close ship ancient angular horror black dirty hull patches rust flanks climbed rope ladder high freeboard set foot deck americans heading solomons traveling latest ships certainly newest oldest decrepit level cabin colonel leroy hunt berkeley california commanding officer marines assault troops colonel hunt small room contained iron bed couple broken chairs desk talked colonel ship troops things dirty water cleaning pretty unkempt reason look gypsies added think fight tapped chest region heart colonel looking middle age tall built job lay ahead going tough going beach going hurt today planning orders drawn involved landing majors lieutenant colonels buck privates
deck situation ready jump boom gun excitement thing happening unbelievable dream slipping narrow neck water guadalcanal savo island practically inside tulagi bay past japanese shore batteries shot fired deck marines lined starboard rail straining eyes pointing field glasses high irregular dark mass lay silently moving shapes accompanying ships land mass guadalcanal island sky dark predawn glow rugged black mountains stood distinct lighter sky talking lively marines sounds swish water ship slight noises moving forward deck bridge found ship officers calm marines worry getting ship anchorage sunk high strung incredulous believe lieutenant wonder japanese dumb re dumb trick sign trick plowed bay sky began throw light ahead misty outline tulagi florida group islands squatting east north rugged mass guadalcanal island growing distinct sharp shoulders high mountains seen sign firing shore enemy planes spotted
britain france declared war germany september rest months french british armed forces stood lulled false feeling safety apparent reluctance germans attack half months enemy forces gazed idly quiet peaceful land late spring thunderbolt german army shattered false peace snapped denmark norway smashed holland luxembourg belgium northern france hitler war machine crushed scattered french army pushed british expeditionary force jam packed channel beach dunkirk france belgian border despite savage mauling air land sea trapped british french soldiers escaped england makeshift hooligan navy royal navy craft pleasure launches fishing trawlers cockleshell motorboats palatial yachts manned civilian volunteers dramatic exodus army british treated disaster victory fleeing soldiers forced abandon weapons sands dunkirk landed england empty handed ill equipped fight german invasion channel hitler reigned supreme lightning stroke weeks conquered western europe english channel russian frontier neutral patches switzerland sweden spain hitler enforced cruel laws proclaimed germans master race privileged tyrannize murder jews poles vanquished peoples considered inferior
clarke faced problem transportation assistant chief naval staff told commandos needs naval officer army wants fight news heard days navy week navy collecting flotilla composed mainly private craft design quality requirement channel crossing officers crewmen royal navy royal naval reserve volunteer reserve yachtsmen fishermen weekend sailors enthusiasm willingness inexperience lack discipline clarke determine size commando unit kind wanted training undergo recruit commandos war office selected troop leaders volunteers leaders turn selected junior officers chose trial error final strength commando unit fixed lieutenant colonel major captains subalterns warrant officers sergeants corporals lance corporals privates total officers war office swamped volunteers army outfits protested losing commandos eager young volunteered thousands selected ordinary troops unusually agile able think faster move faster average soldier willing endure longer hours harder rest combat units commandos expected ordinary foot soldiers scouts explore foreign countryside guerrillas stalk unsuspecting foe live enemy front lines travel light strike hard
raiding party attempted realistic rehearsal equipment minute rehearsed english beach similar place land halfhour real raid dismayed receive war office plan making rehearsal useless motorboat crews discovered wrong compasses guess course guernsey purely luck luck foray boats arrived landing site captured barracks easily empty prisoners capture pointless residents guernsey british citizens terrorized black faced raiders revealed information heavy sea built ashore returned beach speedboats beached raiders swim craft strong swimmers exhausted left german garrison finally woke machinegunned beach aim poor exhausted reached boats boat broke towed knots half fast walk raiders hour late rendezvous destroyers dawn approaching soon exposed air attack ships turned england commandos caught lookout attention scimitar turned miraculously german air patrol failed spot destroyer daybreak ship reached england safely
benjamin houseful brothers sisters thirteen franklin table young learned care underfoot mother busy cooking washing sewing large family eagle eye ben father busy making soap candles franklin sold candles town boston night watch course street lights boston street numbers front ben house sign blue ball painted knew buy soap candles sign blue ball busy place boy chores knew things boston busy days small town count things located wild country person big small share didn eat government colony massachusetts frowned lazy whipped bare choose boston wasn pretty easygoing place wonderful place boy town built harbor wharf sailing ships put england bringing news goods colonists ship sighted swarmed wharf shouted excitement narrow winding streets full holes bumps climbed low hills harbor side streets rose square unpainted houses gray wind rain sun forests rolled knew
ben read night morning sundays read candlelight bed gray streaks dawn mornings sunday supposed church ben apprentice obliged church wasn father ben james felt didn sunday reading learning words writing verses stayed home worked conscience bothered harder felt duty church ben franklin learned write hard effort teacher things writing principal means advancement later impossible brothers fighting especially brother boss ben brother james couldn ben apprenticeship change carefree days childhood especially hard james apprentices help didn interesting ben lonely missed mother sisters friends james wasn married didn home boarded apprentices family knew ben hated boarding house nagged decided stop eating meat reading books trying things read read book vegetable diet decided try
james took position seriously hot headed high temper benjamin displeased set beat ben resented fiercely largely punishments big fit crimes despised beatings resented james give ben independent spirit believe allowed complete power felt hatred distrust dictators sprang miseries apprentice brother james hot headed nature eventually trouble massachusetts assembly articles printed newspaper angered members assembly james hauled jail month cool head heels ben angry brother transferred anger assembly thought newspapers allowed say thought james jail ben edited england courant chance slighting remarks assembly massachusetts loyalty james felt kindly ben course change feeling due fact james prison didn benjamin rate older brother served sentence home order assembly james franklin longer allowed print england courant decided print paper ben order transfer james returned ben apprentice papers full discharge written show ben free able publish newspaper privately james presented brother set papers remainder apprenticeship period papers exactly james wanted cake eat
strange looking object front classroom thing noticed entered room wondering object maybe wondering maybe wondering concerns object curious want look object distance list things describe begin color shape object appears completed list object examine closely touch wish smell listen examine object lift finished examining object list things describe descriptions agree list compare lists list think describes object order describe strange looking object observe observing senses sight smell touch hearing taste candle touch kitten smell flower taste hamburger hear siren making observation getting information object senses look lists things describe strange looking object senses list list rely entirely sense sight describe object distance distance senses smell hearing
objects classified basis property put groups object property type classification called binary classification classify class basis wearing shoes laces students wearing shoes laces group wearing shoes laces group find groups equal students group laces group laces wouldn matter students wearing shoes laces classified basis property simply laces group suppose wanted classify objects basis properties case classify objects basis property groups classify objects groups basis property end groups procedure properties consider matter properties property binary classification classification scheme smoothly properties classify objects clearly defined classification scheme breaks let examine happens classify dogs basis hair length binary classification dogs classified haired haired dogs classified property
ask questions substances behave wonder nature place interested questions possess important quality needed scientist quality curiosity scientists look explanations actions reason scientist kind detective biologist scientific detective investigates nature physical scientist detective search explanations nature matter chemists physicists types physical scientists matter complex kinds chemists physicists realize laboratory part science course scientists actual laboratories investigators involved measuring properties matter investigators determining substances react scientists analyze data observations collected try data improve ideas nature matter investigators measurements collect data observations called experimental scientists scientists laboratory investigating properties matter data collected experimental scientists develop theories nature matter theoretical scientists required investigator matter experimental theoretical scientist college education major physical science minimum requirement scientists actually involved planning supervising analyzing experiments master doctoral degree
mixed water added remaining solid called saturated solution saturated solution amount solute takes spaces particles solvent solute added temperature room solution temperature solution critical factor temperature increases room solute solution temperature solution determine amount solute dissolved temperature variable property influences solubility material variable formation solution amount solvent present larger amount solvent larger amount solute dissolved activity controlled variables solution volume solvent temperature controlled dissolving temperatures variables controlled control amount dissolve amount dissolve ml water temperature uncontrolled responding variable scientists conduct experiments try control variables influence experiment determine variable caused change occur based kinetic particle model particles saturated solution slow solution cooled distance particles solution smaller room particles solvent room particles solute
early greeks propose idea particles matter tiny called particles atoms seen greeks proposed particles broken smaller particles thousand greek proposals experimented types materials try change experiments successful experiment successful occurred area lakes living area found reddish brown material rocks lake superior succeeded breaking loose material found pounded shaped spearheads material known today cu copper highly valued unlike bone rock shatter spearheads sharpened middle east europe learned materials heating kinds rocks history terms bronze age iron age refer societies discovered metals middle ages kings directed magicians change materials precious materials records show group called alchemists tried fourteen hundred change kinds metals au gold unsuccessful important discoveries thought materials broken elemental materials relied experimentation magic french scientist antoine lavoisier conducted careful experiments found number materials broken simpler materials referred elements elemental substances lavoisier published list thirty elements twenty listed elements today
learned elements materials composed kind atom means element special kind atom simplest atom john dalton identified simplest element hydrogen hydrogen atom composed particles hydrogen proton center electron moves region proton hydrogen composed fewest particles surprising lightest elements simplest atom helium helium composed protons neutrons nucleus electrons move region nucleus helium lightest elements hydrogen helium exist gases normal conditions lighter air hydrogen helium fill balloons lighter air craft oxygen sulfur iron carbon common elements carbon atom composed protons neutrons electrons oxygen composed protons neutrons electrons sulfur composed protons neutrons electrons iron composed protons neutrons electrons number neutrons close number protons number protons atom determines kind atom oxygen atoms protons iron atoms protons number protons atom element called atomic number element element atomic number number electrons atom equal number protons
methods detect measure amounts radiation geiger counter common method today geiger counter consists tube filled gas wire center tube window end tube window material radioactive particles rays pass radioactive particles collide particles gas tube gas ionize losing electrons ionization charges central wire charge registered counter number counts period measure radioactivity material geiger counter detect beta gamma rays cloud chamber measure paths radioactive particles transparent material inside chamber vapor alcohol water radioactive particles moving vapor formation vapor trails paths particles studied electric magnetic forces particles bubble chamber study paths radioactive particles similar cloud chamber complicated bubble chamber transparent materials chamber filled liquid hydrogen temperature boiling point particle moving liquid bubbles form bubbles photographed path particles studied instrument measure radiation scintillation counter materials give light struck radiation property called fluorescence scintillation counter determines amount radiation measuring fluorescence material
ramp enables lift objects force systems easier lever system lever relationship distance force explore things lever lever simple machine generally lever kind bar rod bend turns point called fulcrum kinds levers type called class lever class lever consists fulcrum located forces force put system called effort force overcome called resistance wanted lever move large rock rock resistance simple seesaw class lever class lever resistance located effort fulcrum nutcracker class lever class lever effort located resistance fulcrum forearm class lever shovel class lever found lift greater load help share weight suppose lift box weighs person lifts fourth weight box lift box easily person result obtained person pulley system lift box activity help understand pulley system easier
think period pendulum mass washers mass washers falls known data graph extended predict pendulum period mass remember graph known data horizontal straight line extension graph horizontal straight line extension graph dashed line figure point predicted period reading graph predicted period pendulum mass washers measured periods predicting manner called extrapolation extrapolate prediction data predictions extrapolation accurate interpolation figure shows straight line graph known data points dots study graph interpolate volume mass kg mass volume extrapolate dashed portion graph volume mass kg mass volume interpolate extrapolate curved line graph study graph figure data points graph deliberately shown interpolate find length interpolate find length cm extrapolate find length cm extrapolate find length curved line graph harder draw straight line graph
sound wave motion detected human ear sound travel medium air disturbance created sound wave travels change air pressure sound waves compression waves figure illustrates model compression wave coils spring act medium wave wave travels spring areas compression alternate areas expansion sound wave travels air travel forward sound remember wave motion energy transferred transfer matter sound travel solids liquids sounds musical instruments produced vibrations reeds strings air columns membranes string guitar vibrate ways shown figure main frequency vibrations guitar string called fundamental tone overtones number multiples main frequency vibrations string vibrates main frequency hz overtone hz overtone hz overtone hz strength overtones fundamental sound tone quality string vibrating move molecules gas body guitar added help amplify sound human beings hear frequencies human ear sensitive vibrations range hz hz range wider younger older evidence exposure loud music periods damage hearing damage severely curtails hearing ranges hz
addition limited supply fossil fuels fuels lost mining drilling operations consider metric ton kg coal ground coal strip mined kg lost coal ground coal deep mined kg lost additional kg lost coal processed kg lost coal shipped mine site place words kg original kg coal coal strip mined kg coal deep mine assume coal deep mined delivered power plant coal burned generate electricity process kg original kg coal delivered power plant lost heat energy percent remaining energy kg coal lost transmission electricity home energy kg coal lost inefficient operation electrical devices percent remaining energy efficiently amounts kg original kg coal situation oil gas matter fuel energy lost process producing energy food production united states large amount energy food shipped truck farmer processor packager supermarket drive kilometers buy food
examples visible pollution discussed forms pollution invisible poisonous gases carbon monoxide odorless colorless invisible forms pollution include types insecticides industrial waste products noise insecticide called ddt discovered farmers home gardeners began ddt control insects damaged crops insects died built resistance ddt later scientists found insect eating birds poisoned addition ddt found humans eaten plants sprayed ddt later established plants contained insecticide grown soil ddt similarly evidence ddt found meat products animals exposed insecticide apparently ddt remained environment led scientists conclude continued produce lasting harmful effects result ddt completely banned industrial chemicals remain environment heard pcbs group chemicals pollute water industrial areas fish rivers lakes contaminated pcbs found large quantities chemicals warned eat fish pcbs believed harmful humans problem pcbs ddt readily break harmless materials dangerous nature manufacturing chemicals discontinued united states feel dumping small amounts pollutant lakes rivers create problem
periodic table elements classifying organizing elements quickly identify elements similar chemical properties chemists predictions properties behavior elements chemical reactions periodic table element represented box information element information consists element chemical symbol atomic number atomic mass figure shows element iron appears periodic table periodic tables developed number table element hydrogen separate groups unique behavior circumstances hydrogen properties group elements alkali metals circumstances behaves group viielements halogen family early periodic tables elements according atomic masses atomic masses originally determined respect element hydrogen hydrogen atomic mass later found oxygen atomic mass accurate base recently isotopes elements discovered isotopes element vary neutrons elements likely atomic mass number listed atomic mass element average atomic masses isotopes found common sample element present atomic masses based standard isotope carbon atomic mass
sufficient light needed able words page totally darkened room able brain able register picture image eyes detect light light frequently term light rays light beams describing light terms tell nature light understand light investigate behavior light determine light similar ways things nature activity chapter exposed materials light temperature material noted period minutes increase temperature occurred material apparently materials absorbed light process materials heated heat form energy light absorbed material light changed heat energy light related heat electricity form energy electricity passes filament bulb light produced heat produced light related electrical energy manner infer light based relationship heat energy electrical energy appears light form energy differs forms energy heat electricity form energy converted form light energy absorbed material disappear light energy converted heat energy scientists investigated types energy conversions
mentioned earlier model light energy form electromagnetic waves proved scientific model light held light particles model proposed isaac newton seventeenth century passing beam ofwhite light prism newton able produce band colors called spectrum band colors consists red orange yellow green blue violet light according newton model light consists stream tiny particles particles color light differ slightly particles color passing prism particles colors bent refracted slightly angles beam white light separated spectrum newton felt reflection light surface similar happens ball strikes surface ball rebounds angle equal angle incidence wall light reflects rebounds manner scientists disagreed newton particle model light scientist named christian huygens proposed wave model light seventeenth century huygens compared spreading light source waves spreading liquid point disturbance colors light explained wavelengths according wave model nineteenth century scientist named thomas young found beams light interfere young allowed beams light strike screen areas screen dark bands appeared young explained dark bands areas light waves arrived phase figure illustrates waves phase cancel
tree rock water dog air table common matter matter mass takes space mass measure resistance matter change motion suppose want move block steel block wood equal size blocks standing motion steel block harder move wooden block steel block resistance change motion mass wooden block matter mass takes space touch matter plants animals matter soil water air matter senses sight touch taste smell help identify kinds matter sense touch tell air matter feel wind wind air moving sense taste tell sugar added cup cocoa sugar cocoa sense taste tells caution taste unknown matter sense smell tell bottle perfume opened touch perfume sense smell helps identify matter senses help recognize matter identifying matter step study matter kind matter called substance lifetime list substances found earth
matter classified physical chemical physical change change shape size matter identity matter physical change chemical composition substance substances stays freezing liquid water form ice physical change chemical composition ice identical chemical composition liquid water likewise ice melts resulting liquid water composition original ice freezing melting matter change physical change change shape size matter physical change breaking large piece glass smaller pieces physical change smaller pieces result glass chemical composition original large piece shape size glass changed dissolving substance physical change chemical composition solid substance dissolved liquid remains change change solid substance chemical change matter results formation substance substances chemical union elements produce compound chemical change chemical union element iron element oxygen form rust chemical change compounds interact undergo chemical change form compound compounds chemical result decomposition breakdown compound heating compound sugar decompose form compound water element carbon
learned element set physical chemical properties elements properties similar scientists tried find ways organizing elements studied arrangement elements organized groups according similar properties russian chemist named dmitri mendeleev published table arrangement elements unlike earlier scientists mendeleev left gaps table explained gaps filled elements discovered mendeleev predictions properties undiscovered elements later elements discovered predicted properties mendeleev arrangement elements called periodic table similar properties elements repeat periodically mendeleev table completely accurate based mass atom element english scientist named henry moseley exact arrangement elements periodic table moseley arranged elements order increasing atomic number forms periodic table periodic tables group elements similar properties look table simplified diagram modern periodic table shows symbol element element atomic number elements arranged horizontally order increasing atomic number horizontal row called period series elements period series properties vertical column called group family elements group family similar properties scientists able study patterns periodic table
temperature substance depends average kinetic energy particles find average kinetic energy divide total kinetic energy particles substance heat energy total number particles think question heat energy atlantic ocean liter boiling water answer atlantic ocean particles water atlantic ocean particle amount kinetic energy total kinetic energy water particles atlantic ocean greater total kinetic energy water particles liter boiling water heat energy measured standard unit called calorie cal calorie amount heat energy required raise temperature gram water instrument measure heat energy calorimeter kinds calorimeters kind bomb calorimeter measure heat energy foods bomb calorimeter large container filled water smaller sealed container smaller container sits inside water bath holds sample food food sample ignited special wires heat burning food goes wall small container water stirrer keeps water moving temperature maintained water bath precise thermometer water measures increase water temperature number calories food kinds calorimeters constructed differently liquids water
light sources sun important source light energy earth sun stars light directly stars shine hot glowing gases electric light bulb source light energy thin wire light bulb heated glows electric current passes objects produce light sun stars luminous glowing electric light bulb luminous object living things luminous fireflies fish bacteria give light light produced living things comes chemical body organism light form energy scientists describe light terms properties property light speed hundreds tried measure speed light italian scientist galileo investigated speed light seventeenth century noticed distant cannon fired saw flash light heard sound explosion noticed thing thunderstorm flash lightning reaches eyes hear sound thunder galileo assumed light travels faster sound wished measure speed light performed experiment hoped accomplish galileo assistant covered lantern distant hill galileo similar lantern galileo uncover lantern assistant told uncover lantern instant spotted light galileo lantern galileo intention measure interval flashes light
noticed happens materials rubbed effects observed rubbed inflated rubber balloon piece wool stick balloon wall technique decorate room party clothes tumble dryer noticed cling taking sweater dark seen tiny flashes light heard crackling sound effects occur find answer examining structure matter scientists learned matter tiny particles particles called atoms atoms smaller particles learned type particle atoms electron electrons negatively charged particles type particle atoms proton protons positively charged particles ordinarily atoms number electrons protons atoms electrically neutral charge negative charge electrons positive charge protons balance kinds materials rubber wool rubbed electrons rub material figure occurs material receiving excess electrons negatively charged case rubber wool rubber gains electrons wool rubber electrons neutral material wool positively charged electrons protons electrons materials electric charge
geothermal energy energy comes natural heat trapped beneath layers rock temperature areas heat trapped earth high areas large pockets hot water trapped steam escapes surface steam generate electricity geothermal energy parts zealand iceland japan soviet union site united states geothermal energy produce electricity located san francisco plant supplies san francisco electricity needs geothermal energy electricity produced solar wind power fairly clean requires additional fuels costs geothermal plant high poisonous substances found geothermal waters ocean tides source energy large dams built trap hold water incoming tides water released turn generator produce electricity solar energy energy moving water free predictability tides tidal power reliable wind power sites tidal plants limited coastal areas places power needed tidal plants operation soviet union france statistics soviet plant known cost electricity french plant cost methods generating electricity nuclear fusion important source power nuclear fusion opposite fission reaction nuclear power plants
activity shows spectroscope find elements star spectroscope astronomers spectroscope find approximate temperature star spectroscope valuable tool finding star moving earth optical telescopes spectroscopes help astronomers visible light learn objects space discovery led astronomers study type energy objects space engineer named karl jansky discovered radio waves coming outer space discovery research marked beginning radio astronomy radio astronomy study radio waves objects space today astronomers radio telescope study radio waves planets stars radio telescope large dish shaped metal structure collects focuses radio signals reflects signals radio antenna antenna positioned center reflecting dish signals directed radio receiver records radio telescopes provide astronomers deal information planets stars temperature makeup object space found measuring analyzing energy form radio waves studying radio waves astronomers learn size direction movement distance location objects space radio telescope advantages optical telescope thick cloud cover part earth visible light objects space reach optical telescopes optical telescopes skies clear
volcanoes earthquakes responsible human tragedy city pompeii italy completely buried tons cinders ash dust mount vesuvius erupted suddenly violence today part pompeii dug remains victims uncovered forms bodies perfectly preserved hardened ash volcano opening earth crust molten material pours earth surface molten material inside earth called magma hot magma creates opening flows passageway magma called volcanic vent flowing volcanic vent magma reaches surface magma flows surface molten material called lava lava comes contact air steam gases gases expand explosive force blowing hot liquid high air quickly cools dust ashes cinders earthquakes volcanoes develop edges plates plates collide plate forced plate sinks heat earth part melt melted part rises magma cracks earth crust volcano produced magma reaches surface volcano developed cornfield town paricutin mexico volcano formed plate forced volcano formation surprise farmer land began plowing farmer found crack land soon smoke ash rocks pouring
increase altitude decrease air pressure observe barometer notice change principal reasons air pressure air temperature places earth receive amounts heat air pressure places varies look figure seashore land heats faster ocean air land warmer air ocean air particles land heated move farther air lighter begins rise air pressure land lower ocean cooler air ocean moves place rising warm air learned horizontal movement air wind wind moves area high pressure area low pressure pattern air circulation cooler air ocean flows land called sea breeze sea breezes occur wind blows ocean night ocean cools slowly land air land cooler air ocean circulation pattern results warm air ocean rises air pressure ocean decreases cool air land moves place rising air wind flow pattern called land breeze land breezes occur night larger scale process responsible major wind belts
town donora pennsylvania large factories manufactured steel chemicals donora located valley days layer cool air trapped valley temperature inversion temperature inversion occurs layer warm air settles layer cooler air lies ground cool air trapped beneath warm air factories donora poured pollutants air pollutants trapped result heavy layer smog formed smog mixture smoke waste gases fog smog donora thickened period days ill died similar situations existed los california london england died poisonous smog covered london pollutants cases gases sulfur dioxide carbon monoxide gases severe respiratory problems suffering respiratory ailments added burden pollutants fatal gases pollutants products industrial society sources pollutants include industrial plants automobile exhaust incinerators burning trash trapped earth surface pollutants dangerous fortunately need control air pollution recognized automobiles required smog devices devices trap burn irritating gases exhaust pipes factories install equipment removing poisonous gases smoke scientists deal find ways controlling air pollution prevention vital suppose moving part country
zoo marveled variety animal variety animals zoo represents small sampling kinds animals found earth animals climb trees burrow ground fly air swim ocean depths animals larger elephant smaller ant variety animals endless similarly visited botanical garden saw variety plants plants eat insects plants live deserts plants live hot springs plants live frozen regions plants hundreds meters tall small seen microscope centuries scientists tried records increasing numbers known plants animals eventually lists useless ways sought organize lists living things classified color live eat structural similarities scientists struggled questions successful system classification developed swedish scientist carolus linnaeus method grouping plants animals basis classification system today linnaeus recognized relationships plants animals tried develop complete system classification show relationships system including additions later shown table kingdom largest group organisms linnaeus recognized kingdoms system kingdoms named plantae plants
read articles science magazines found words difficult read unfamiliar meaning science words originate latin greek words science comes latin word meaning knowledge science words roots latin greek understood scientists matter language speak reading textbook general science familiar words scientists words defined suppose words defined turn dictionary definition try determine meaning context understanding words method helpful science subject areas involves breaking words parts table lists word parts combined complex words suppose reading science book word thermodynamics familiar word fact seen table help discover meaning look table find thermo means heat dyna means power look dictionary find thermodynamics fact branch physics deals heat energy guessed meaning word looking dictionary word parts excellent clues table determine meaning science words look science word dictionary close correct definition
measuring quantity matter scientists prefer measure mass volume convenient easier measure volume liquid gas mass volume amount space occupied matter common substances daily liquids measured volume milk gasoline water carbonated beverages measured volume basic metric unit volume liter liter defined volume water mass kilogram liter subdivided smaller units smaller units called milliliter ml unit volume cubic centimeter cubic centimeter equals milliliter scientists container called graduated cylinder measure dispense volumes liquids graduated cylinder uniform glass plastic tube lip top closed base graduated cylinder marked series divisions called scale small graduated cylinders interval marks represents ml large graduated cylinders interval marks represent ml ml look entire scale sure interval represents graduated cylinder measuring dispensing liquids mix heat substances graduated cylinder graduated cylinder read level liquid carefully easy misread volume liquid narrow glass graduated cylinder water solutions stick sides glass cylinder causing surface curve upward curved surface liquid called meniscus
frequently scientists measure quantity matter substance object mass measure amount matter object substance basic metric unit mass kilogram kg kilogram subdivided smaller units unit called gram scientists measure small masses medicines dispensed units smaller gram gram subdivided smaller units units called milligram mg scientists balance measure mass look figure differ slightly balances balance works seesaw consists beam rests pivot point midpoint beam pointer connected beam points scale beam separate parts arms arm acts beam end beam pan unknown mass put pan known masses put pan unknown mass put left pan known masses put pan unknown mass left equal known masses pointer line midpoint scale midpoint scale called point counting known masses unknown mass determined balances equipped devices called dampers dampers slow seesaw movement helpful finding midpoint quickly balances precision instruments handled care place hot objects dry chemicals directly pans
activities unexpected ways let look living environment carolina parakeets lived forests southeastern states birds ate seeds trees cockleburs thistles pine cyprus nuts farmers planted apple peach orange trees birds ate fruit farmers began kill parakeets protect fruit result entire flocks birds wiped fashion called bright fancy hats parakeets killed feathers hats parakeets intelligent easily tamed captured sold pets february parakeet died carolina parakeet extinct extinct means longer living members group north american animal close extinction bison bison known buffalo millions bison western plains plains indians bison clothing food tents things late united states army indians fought control west generals knew bison indians survive killed millions bison defeat indians hunters killed bison skins hundred bison left north america case bison realized mistake careful protection conservation bison saved today bison exist north america bison fortunate carolina parakeet today animals danger extinct environment ways endanger living things
epithelial tissue covers surfaces body structures lines surfaces organs heart stomach liver skin epithelial tissue mild sunburn outermost layer skin peels looked closely skin peeled noticed small holes holes called pores pores allow water fluids leave body fluids called perspiration sweat sweating body cool look sweat gland figure sweat released sweat gland cooling process sweat gland helps rid waste sweat gland collects waste materials bloodstream felt breeze wet gave chill hairs arms stood small bumps arms called goose bumps muscles skin hairs stand muscles squeeze oil oil glands hairs natural oil keeps hair skin smooth oil protects skin hair drying stimulate oil glands head brushing hair frequently natural oils serve built hairdresser balanced diet important hair skin care skin hair protected sun water problem skin calls special care acne adolescence sweat glands active pores plugged flow perspiration interrupted bacteria attack plugged gland acne develops careful frequent washing important
wear contact lenses contact lenses float tears produced glands eye tears flow tear ducts lids eye tears wash cleanse eyes constantly parts eye include pupil iris optic nerve pupil hole front eye pupil covered cornea pupil eye looks black light enters eye pupil walked dark movie house bright sunny takes eyes adjust find seat eyes adjust amount light colored portion eye iris iris structure controls size pupil expands contracts pupil larger smaller retina eye sensory nerves sensory nerves respond presence light optic nerve carries information retina brain brain interprets information eyes sight dark shades gray black hard tell color dogs cats animals shades animals color vision special nerve cells called rods retina rods detect differences light dark areas nerve cells allow color called cones cones found retina animals lizards turtles parrots cones cone cells color rod cells detect light dark areas
chewed moistened food swallowed tongue forces food esophagus food swallowed entrance windpipe closed prevents food going windpipe food goes wrong cough windpipe cleared food pushed esophagus involuntary muscle contractions food moves esophagus stomach figure notice stomach higher thought feel breastbone stomach area breastbone stomach squeezes mixes food breakdown starch sugar gradually stops food stay stomach hours stomach food mixed strong acid walls stomach lined mucus mucus protects stomach walls acid digestive juices mucous lining protect stomach ulcers develop lining protected doctors believe nervousness stress help ulcers walls stomach secrete digestive juice juice begins breakdown proteins partially digested food moves stomach small intestine digestive juices added small intestine juices chemicals called enzymes enzyme works kind nutrient break enzyme key unlocks door enzymes break nutrients simple materials liver produces bile bile stored gallbladder bile enters small intestine helps break fats lining small intestine covered small fingerlike projections called villi digested nutrients absorbed villi villi blood vessels
sperm cells enter female reproductive system birth canal sperm cells swim egg taillike structures fertilization occurs fallopian tubes fertilized egg moves uterus attaches tissue uterus begins develop fertilized egg cell develops individual billion cells tremendous increase number cells brought mitosis fertilized egg divides cells cells divides forming cells cell division continues rapid rate early stages development weeks developing young called embryo weeks developing young called fetus growth development continue weeks spent uterus called gestation period development chart describes occurring growing young weeks individual ready born need supply nutrients oxygen live grow developing fetus receive nutrients oxygen needed materials reach fetus fetus attached special tissue uterus tissue called placenta fetus attached placenta umbilical cord nutrients oxygen pass mother blood blood fetus placenta waste products produced fetus pass placenta mother wastes eliminated mother nutrients oxygen wastes pass placenta blood mother blood blood fetus separated approximately weeks growing individual born muscles uterus contract forcing fetus birth canal
look label canned food product ingredients heard ingredients chemicals added give food taste chemicals added preserve food past took send food farms cities chemicals added prevent food spoiling today scientists consider chemicals unhealthy food specialists agree fresh foods health chemicals found products food products sale add moisture dry skin chemicals products problems creams dry skin glycerine lanolin petroleum glycerine absorbs moisture air lanolin petroleum add thin layer oil skin oil problems clogging pores commercial skin creams perfume easier sell perfume dry skin pollution air problem body mucous lining nose prevents pollution particles entering lungs particles trapped mucus smoke cigarettes inhale hot smoke filled air mouth particles able reach trachea lungs trachea lungs mucous linings helps free smoke particles heat cigarette smoke dry mucus smoke particles clog lungs medical experts agree smokers risk development lung cancer cigarette smoking thought link problems bronchitis heart disease develop need cigarettes need called dependence
fish look snakes fish hagfish sea lamprey fit description slender bodies round mouth jaws live parasites bodies fish jawless fish sharp teeth chew hole side fish hagfish sea lamprey problem especially lakes destroy fish humans need food kind fish afraid meet underwater say shark sharks skates rays group fish fish differ hagfish lamprey important jaws parasites animals predators predator kills eats animals shark equipped predator strong streamlined body covered toothlike scales scales rip tear flesh prey shark powerful jaws rows needle sharp teeth creatures feared disliked skates rays flat bodies fins extend wings side movement fins helps skates rays glide smoothly water whiplike tail rays sharp barbs tip tail barbs release poison kills animals skates rays produce powerful electric shock stun prey skates rays dangerous animals peaceful creatures spend buried sand jawless fish sharks rays backbone
digestion involves steps step called physical digestion physical digestion food torn smaller pieces animals birds gizzard grinding food animals teeth tearing food smaller pieces food ready chemical digestion chemicals called enzymes chemical digestion enzymes break food small particles food enter cells energy let look organisms studied digest food coelenterates hydra jellyfish digestion occurs digestive sac sac opening cells line inside sac release enzymes break food digested food enters cells lining digestive sac passed cells animal body animals digestive system system actually tube running body tube openings food enters mouth solid wastes leave anus digestive system roundworms special parts glands simple straight tube coelenterates cells lining digestive tube release enzymes break food animals digestive system complex areas food passes special glands release chemicals aid digestion present digestive system earthworm includes pharynx esophagus crop gizzard intestine find areas figure passing pharynx esophagus food stored crop food moves crop gizzard gizzard heavy muscular walls small stones
knew viruses existed small fit period end sentence knew virus looked electron microscope invented electron microscope shown virus cell virus simple cell cytoplasm nucleus virus outer covering protein inside core reproductive material structure virus mumps disease caused virus catch disease happen virus attaches cell salivary glands virus digests hole cell membrane releases core reproductive material cell virus takes cell cell perform normal functions virus directs cell hundreds copies virus finally cell bursts open releases viruses virus infect salivary gland cell soon gland swollen painful seen virus mumps single virus able damage think virus alive biologists agree answer question viruses border line living nonliving things virus living organism carry activities virus grow reproduce lifeless salt saltshaker virus alive inside living cell
houseplant window days leaves stem grow light plant response controlled auxins auxins collect cells dark side stem cells grow longer cells side faces light stem begins bend light leaves light food photosynthesis small amounts hormones plants grow faster weed killers large amounts hormones extra hormones weeds grow quickly proper development weeds die growing short plant growers knowledge hormones improve crops plant cuttings develop roots slowly cuttings dipped mixture hormones develop roots quickly potatoes onions sprout stems leaves spraying crops hormones delay sprouting potatoes onions stored weeks willing pay high prices seedless grapefruits seedless fruits fruits developed hormones unfertilized egg cells inside ovary develop seeds developing seeds produce hormones ovary ripen fruit plant growers spray ovary artificial hormones fruit develop seeds seedless fruits easier eat important hormones plants plant specialists beginning understand hormones function plant growers farmers trying develop bigger food crops plant hormones important future
slid base empty lot fallen grassy field green stuff knees elbows parents told grass stains main part grass stain chemical called chlorophyll material makes dependent green plants chlorophyll found small structures green plants called chloroplasts chlorophyll light energy sun chemical energy energy carbohydrates nutrients learned process called photosynthesis group living things green plants called producers producer living thing makes food simple materials environment energy sun producers lot food manufacture activities food need stored stored food important living things living things depend stored food source energy food stored leaves stems roots seeds fruits production oxygen part process photosynthesis photosynthesis releases oxygen oxygen plant passed read statements photosynthesis respiration look processes study relationship definition photosynthesis making food water carbon dioxide energy sun definition tells produced
food cycle saw reuse materials found living things materials carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen elements cycle living nonliving carbon found living things major part nutrients familiar examples carbon charcoal hard coal soft coal carbon living things combined elements plants carbon dioxide source carbon making food materials carbon dioxide comes burning respiration decomposition living things burning fossil fuels oil coal produces carbon dioxide carbon carbon dioxide plants food die decompose plants food carbon dioxide study carbon dioxide cycle figure oxygen found living things nonliving things part nutrients pure form gas makes air combines elements combinations important oxygen combined carbon carbon dioxide important combination oxygen combined hydrogen form water oxygen important respiration plants animals figure hydrogen found pure form combines carbon oxygen nitrogen living things plants water source hydrogen making food hydrogen released food burning respiration decomposition study water cycle figure
feel hungry regular times getting going bed eat sleep fairly regular schedule body processes occur according schedule body processes changing pattern activity changing patterns activity called biological rhythms let look timing biological rhythms table table week fill times activity compare schedule students class students close schedule part schedule set feel hour normal eating likely feel hungry controls rhythms body processes scientists believe biological clock inside body biological clock controls rhythm body processes body temperature remain constant body temperature rises falls regular pattern highest temperature called peak rhythm look peak body temperature figure determine peak body temperature figure amount peaks called period body rhythms periods hours rhythms periods hours called circadian rhythms asleep body experiences stages sleep sleep period minutes stage sleep called rapid eye movement rem stage rem stage dreaming
imagine going grocery store buy bread suppose kinds bread scattered store bread located peas kinds bread lettuce pickles items store arranged order shop store trouble finding need shop ways earth mixed grocery store thousands kinds plants animals kinds organisms live forest vacant lot wanted learn living organisms tried understand organisms related struggled find ways putting organisms kind order put organisms kind order classify classify means place related organisms groups efforts place known organisms groups began centuries ago try classify greek scientist aristotle classified organisms plants animals animals classified water land air animals plants classified herbs shrubs trees systems classifying organisms successful classification systems developed swedish scientist named linnaeus method grouping organisms basis classification system today system kingdom largest group biologists agree kingdoms kingdoms animal kingdom plant kingdom
termite egg develops nymph nymphs early stages development nymph capable developing worker soldier king queen colony lacks workers nymphs develop workers soldiers defend nest nymphs soldiers king queen die nymphs develop reproductive forms king queen nest proper number kinds termites function properly controls kind termite nymph biologists answers question balance workers soldiers kings queens controlled chemicals chemicals released adult termites queen releases chemical spreads nest chemical present nymphs develop queens dies chemical longer released nymphs develop reproductive form queen termite colony million individuals termites colony feed wood cells wood plant cells cellulose animals digest cellulose termites secret lies inside termite intestine look termite colony looking populations intestine termite population celled organisms organisms break cellulose form termites food celled partners termites starve young termites depend workers supply celled organisms
foods maintain strength body working foods supply nutrients nutrients substances body needs growth repair energy nutrients body needs carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals water foods divided groups milk dairy group meat group fruit vegetable group bread cereal group food groups body nutrients study foods body called nutrition nutritionist studies digestion foods nutritionist studies diseases caused improper nutrition nutritionists department agriculture usda suggest food group person needs milk dairy group includes milk milk products cheese teenagers liter milk dairy products adults half able eat dairy products bodies digest lactose sugar found milk disease called lactose intolerance special formulas fed infants disease seen products supermarkets meat group includes beef veal pork poultry fish eggs addition nuts beans peas substitute meats usda suggests servings meat group servings fruits vegetables include vitamin vitamin look ahead table sources vitamins bread cereal group includes grains products grains
concern additive proof harmful cases warning written label case saccharin artificial sweetener saccharin diet foods ago concern saccharin carcinogen tests laboratory rats rats developed cancer warning saccharin harmful humans recently studies humans saccharin regularly evidence saccharin dangerous thought food additives drugs chemicals tested animals approved human tests reliable chemicals effects humans test animals additives considered dangerous questionable added foods argument favor additives preservatives foods grown processed shipped parts country preservatives limited amount variety foods locations interior states able enjoy seafood canned packaged foods needed fresh fruits vegetables additives cases important thing consider additives properly tested allowed added foods agencies established protect consumers products foods consumer product safety commission federal agency controls toys consumer products ban substances product
acid kind chemical solution heard stomach acid battery acid acids laboratories acids strong substances burn skin ruin clothes alkaline substances opposite acids chemical makeup acids strong dangerous acids lye strong alkaline substance burn clothes skin lye major ingredient drain cleaners alkaline substance called base symbol ph describe acid alkaline substance ways test ph laboratories ph meters meters measure acids bases electrically test ph specially treated paper paper treated chemicals react acids bases changing color type special paper litmus paper litmus paper find substance acid base acid turn blue litmus paper red base turn red litmus paper blue find acid basic substance ph paper paper turn wide range colors depending acid alkaline substance scale ph higher number alkaline substance lower number acid substance middle scale substances ph acids substances ph bases substances ph neutral acids bases
strictly considered poisonous plant pollens allergic reactions symptoms similar head cold develop severe symptoms breathing difficulty occur allergic reactions commonly called hayfever types pollen hayfever spring due pollen trees late spring summer pollen grasses hayfever common type hayfever occurs fall caused pollen ragweed hayfever avoid contact pollen pollen count amount pollen air announced local weather reports pollen count high severe allergies advised stay indoors plants small amounts poisons affect human health coffee tea cola beverages plants caffeine amount caffeine beverages death caffeine drug habit forming stimulant means heart beat faster tobacco plant poisons leaves smoked give nicotine nicotine blood vessels constrict smaller slows flow blood animals affected plant poisons grass grazing area animals move areas plants food feed poisonous plants death fish killed poisons algae living warm oceans plant poisons affect plants plants produce materials soil materials stop slow growth plants area
look characteristics listed table examining major animal phyla important difference pointed phyla listed animals backbone animals called invertebrates unusual members animal kingdom invertebrates ninth phylum chordata composed entirely animals backbone animals called vertebrates study chordates concerned vertebrates invertebrates occasionally mistaken plants sponge animals sponges live water adult stage sponges attach rocks structures water stay place sponges plantlike appearance skeleton sponge body skeleton tough leathery sponges skeleton delicate glassy appearance natural sponges confused artificial sponges household cleaning growing sponges big business parts sponge harvesters found animal unusual ability regenerate regrow parts body supply sponges increased cutting sponges pieces piece grown complete sponge coral invertebrate animal practical beautiful items jewelry skeleton coral pieces coral sold art objects coral lives group colony hard rocklike skeleton lime takes sea coral ability delicate lacy patterns lime coral coelenterate hard outer covering
female animals produce large numbers eggs insure survival young mammals exception eggs young protected inside female body mammals produce large numbers eggs cats dogs rabbits small mammals produce eggs larger mammals seen litter kittens kittens litter kitten developed single fertilized egg tell eggs female cat produced able tell exact number eggs fertilized large mammals elephants giraffes horses produce egg female animals ovaries egg produced bursts ovary called ovulation ovulation egg travels tube called oviduct oviduct egg fertilized fertilized egg called zygote zygote continues moving oviduct uterus uterus hollow muscular organ zygote attaches inside wall uterus remains rest development female animal pregnant zygote reached uterus zygote grows divides cells embryo early stage developing animal developing uterus embryo completely dependent mother survival lungs develop embryo function young animal born mammals placenta develops uterus
conditions environment threat health exposure high low temperatures dangerous fatal exposure extreme cold makes hard body maintain normal temperature cold water cold air remove heat body quickly body replace condition body temperature lower normal called hypothermia hypothermia results exposure cold period hypothermia respiratory rate blood pressure drop drowsiness signs hypothermia person hypothermia awake body temperature raised unconsciousness death follow exposure extreme cold permanent damage face ears fingers toes exposure cold blood supply areas decrease cells parts body starve lack food oxygen damage result chillblains frostbite chillblains condition affects hands feet signs chillblains redness itching swelling blistering affected area frostbite freezing partial freezing area body frostbitten area rubbed rubbing snow damage frostbitten area treated slow thawing wrapping area blankets soaking warm water cases frostbite feet toes walking permitted chillblains frostbite properly treated result gangrene gangrene death cells due lack proper blood supply spend outdoors cold wear layers warm clothing addition gloves hat
spinal cord cord nerve tissue extends brain lower spinal cord enclosed protected backbone backbone called spinal column backbone actually consists series small bones fit spinal injuries include damage spinal cord backbone brain cells cells spinal cord replaced destroyed spinal injuries frequently occur result automobile accident whiplash common injury results car struck neck passenger thrown forward snapped muscles strained torn severe cases nerve damage injuries including fractured spinal column severe damage spinal cord result high speed automobile accidents sports surfing skiing result accidents spinal injuries injuries occur body thrown solid surface beach tree body hits surface neck badly twisted twisting damage spinal cord resulting paralysis death lifting heavy object incorrectly spinal injury bending waist spinal cord bend sharply weight object combination bending damage spinal cord backbone individual bones backbone break cut spinal cord individual bones spinal column disks cartilage disks cushion protect spinal column disk slips place pushes spinal cord creating pressure pain sign spinal injury abnormal curvature bend
eye specialized organ designed detect light light focused special light sensitive nerve cells eyes light sensitive cells called light receptors light receptors transmit impulses nerve cells connected nerve cells combine form optic nerve optic nerve carries messages receives receptors brain brain interprets seen vision actually occurs brain eye movements muscles muscles attach eye skull enable eye move side side circular manner parts eyes serve protection eyes protected eyebrows eyelids eyelashes tear glands eyebrows help prevent small specks particles falling eyes eyebrows stop perspiration dripping eyes eyelids protect eyes light help stop material entering eyes help eyes moist special glands eyelids produce oily substance prevents eyelids sticking eyelids hairs eyelashes base hair special gland glands eyelashes form oily substance glands infected sty forms thin transparent membrane conjunctiva lines inside eyelids conjunctiva helps protect eye membrane covers front surface eyeballs easily irritated dust small particles chemicals response irritation tiny blood vessels membrane swell blood eye bloodshot look conjunctiva infected bacteria viruses resulting condition called pinkeye
week development end month developing young called embryo embryo nourished mother structure called placenta food oxygen pass placenta mother embryo wastes carbon dioxide pass embryo mother placenta placenta acts filter prevents bacteria entering embryo placenta prevents mother blood mixing blood embryo placenta attached wall uterus embryo connected placenta umbilical cord umbilical cord structure blood vessels blood vessels carry materials mother embryo seventh week eyelids nose cheeks ears embryo seen arms legs fairly developed stage legs shorter arms fingers toes developed external sex organs begin develop early tell embryo boy girl embryo contained sac called amnion amnion filled fluid protects baby acts shock absorber embryo grows amnion grows beginning month born developing young called fetus months head larger lower part body birth difference size decreases end month sex fetus determined fetus breathe air pumps fluid amnion lungs
mendel biologist training natural curiosity clear logical mind living monastery austria interested growing pea plants mendel noticed pea plants differ characteristics plant height seed color seed shape pod color characteristics vary plant plant mendel began experiment pea plants curiosity aroused carefully recorded results experiments results studies considered foundation science genetics mendel studied single trait completely studied inheritance trait study mendel basic method select plants parents parent plants crossed produce offspring observe inheritance trait studying mendel counted types offspring experimental crosses successful technique record keeping patience result experiments mendel realized able predictions choosing plants parents predict pattern inheritance offspring plants produce seeds sperm cells fertilize egg cells sperm cells carried pollen pollination transfer pollen brings sperm contact egg pollination transfer pollen flower cross pollination transfer pollen flower nature pea plants produce seeds pollination characteristics offspring parents plant yellow seeds pollinated offspring yellow seeds
height controlled pairs genes average sized parents short average tall offspring person genes tallness person grow full potential height genes affected environmental factors conditions balanced diet sufficient sleep exercise important growth deliberately changing inherited characteristic affect genes suppose straight hair straight hair recessive trait permanent genes straight hair children inherit genes straight hair height number genes affect hair shape order dominance kinky curly wavy straight person straight hair pair genes trait skin color inherited pairs genes involved controlling trait skin color affected amount melanin skin melanin results light skin color large amount melanin results dark skin color eye color depends melanin present colored part eye colored part eye called iris genes control inheritance eye color blue eyes due recessive genes blue eyes melanin iris iris absorbs light waves blue light waves blue reflected seen melanin present outer layer iris eyes green melanin eyes light brown hazel dark brown eyes due heavy deposit melanin
communicable hereditary diseases discussed previous chapters children die result diseases adults heart diseases chief death estimated million die heart diseases quarters die disease arteries affect heart coronary artery disease factors contribute disease type treatment diseased arteries questions answered chapter united states die heart diseases percent deaths due heart attacks remaining percent due strokes high blood pressure rheumatic fever refer heart disease quarters cases heart diseases actually diseases blood vessels blood vessels carry blood organs called arteries arteries supply blood heart coronary arteries coronary artery disease chief heart disease adult population united states common coronary artery disease atherosclerosis atherosclerosis process fat builds walls arteries process tends slow occurring period eventually buildup fat artery blocked blockage occurs coronary artery supply blood section heart cut portion heart muscle dies person suffers heart attack fat builds walls arteries tend harden elastic
cancer leading death united states heart disease number cancer cases increasing estimated persons cancer common organs affected cancer skin breasts lungs large intestine rectum cancer skin common form cancer united states skin cancer spread rapidly fairly easy treat cancer breast leading cancer deaths females lung cancer major cancer deaths males number cases lung cancer females increasing recently cancer large intestine rectum cancer skin affects males females equally cancer simply cancer process believed change normal healthy cells abnormal useless cells abnormal cells grow multiply disordered normal cells normal cells reproduce cells formed original cell cancer cells form cells original cell cancer cells reproduce faster normal cells cancer cells crowd normal cells destroy area grow cancer cells carried blood sites sites soon destroyed spread cancer parts body called metastasis cancer communicable catch person cancer occur families thought tendency kinds cancer hereditary knows sure cancer research going
radiation destroy cancer cells radium cobalt rays source radiation abnormal cells multiply faster normal cells radiation destroy cancer cells readily normal cells aim radiation completely destroy cancer cells leave normal cells amount radiation number treatments depend kind tumor radiation effective destruction cancer cells side effects radiation therapy side effects known radiation sickness symptoms loss appetite nausea vomiting perspiration chills chemotherapy type cancer treatment drugs chemicals singly combination fifty anticancer drugs aim chemotherapy destroy cancer cells spread parts body chemotherapy combination surgery radiation drugs mouth injected drugs chemotherapy stop cancer cells growing multiplying chemotherapy side effects side effects lack appetite nausea vomiting diarrhea side effects disappear hours treatment common side effect chemotherapy loss hair therapy patient hair grows chemotherapy irritation pain itching rash cancer cured identified early properly treated million treated cancer alive today investigation research find cures cancer
lived ago strange ideas earth thought earth center thought earth center space believed sun moon stars moved earth thought earth hollow strange ideas inside hollow part earliest measurements earth ago early learned earth satellites space measure distances surface earth measurements accurate look satellite photograph page describe earth picture distance earth looks sphere smooth ball distance center earth diameter diameter equator slightly greater diameter poles earth slightly flattened shape shape basketball sitting think earth sphere learn inside earth indirect evidence earthquake waves travel earth ways shows layers materials lava evidence high temperatures inside earth volcanoes pressure surface pressure tons rock blown air scientists believe earth layers layers crust mantle core lighter things float top heavier things crust lightest layer earth floats top mantle
indirect evidence idea core earth core center earth material core heavier rock mantle compasses tell direction earth magnetic earth magnetism comes core core iron iron magnetic known place mantle core place crust fast volcano form mountain months earthquake raise lower land seconds earthquakes break crust places break rocks crust called fault lava flow surface deep faults flows build large level layers rock days crust place slowly rocks broken smaller pieces caused action water wind ice chemicals earlier learned called weathering weathering sand gravel soil mud found crust wearing rocks slow noticed days months happen caused weathering water carries weathered rock bits flows lakes oceans rock bits called sediment sediment sand gravel soil mud earlier learned happens sediment running water slows sediment falls bottom running water slows enters large lake ocean hundreds thousands sediment thick
geologic history written rocks fossils discover geologic history hard understand covers period read correctly history contained rocks understand history earth fossils real parts plants animals fossils prints things lived kinds prints kind print mold fossil mold fossil forms living thing dies sinks sediment covered sediment heat pressure chemicals harden sediment happens plant animal decays dissolves sediment plant animal fell hollow place called mold sediments minerals fill mold happens fill gelatin dessert mold gelatin later sediments minerals mold harden cast fossil cast fossil shape part buried kind fossil mistaken body living thing materials living thing disappeared ago bodies plants animals trapped decay happened living things trapped polar ice places bodies dried decay dried bodies called mummies mummies generally found dry caves found cracks rocks fossils found jungle areas fossils found peat bogs tar pits places chemicals parts plants animals decaying
air space travel ordinary part air travel city jobs cities kilometers travel car train aircraft travel kilometers hour follow roads tracks fly shortest routes space travel older human traveled space person stepped moon trip humans body space air travel space travel alike place earth spacecraft travel air learned air matter matter air held earth gravity travel higher air thinner earth particles air squeezed mass air higher air particles squeezed closely air earth particles space earth particles amount space mass particles push press touch learned air pressure particles push press directions air pressure greatest earth learned moving air pushes objects wind push hard topple trees wreck buildings air need moving push objects air pushes objects move air pushes run
important source energy thought electricity oil coal correct answer survive sources energy important source keeps alive food energy needed help things move change parts body moving changing body moves energy food energy food kind food traced green plants animals energy plants energy eat foods animals energy green plants traced important source source energy sunlight energy sunlight green plants sugar energy changed green parts means energy traced sun sun source energy earth sun source energy learned green plants need sunlight food bread cereal vegetables fruits parts green plants eat foods energy getting energy directly green plants energy indirectly green plants eat meats burning energy food burning chemical change things burn oxygen parts materials burn combine oxygen energy materials combine oxygen substances formed burns carbon dioxide forms things burn
body needs growth repair dissolves water things dissolve water liquid liquid carry materials body thirds human body water water forms solutions body stay healthy water person live longer food water water need food fruits vegetables water person drink cups water water ways milk juice soft drinks coffee tea wondered happens food eat enters mouth chewed swallowed swallowed happens goes throat word describe happens food word digestion digestion takes place food changed food digested dissolve water dissolved food enter bloodstream bloodstream carries cells body body food water think openings face mouth openings nose air enters leaves openings process called breathing air breathe happens air body need air breathe air enters lungs lungs oxygen enters bloodstream blood carries dissolved oxygen parts body movement blood called circulation
states matter solid liquid gaseous water found states think water think liquid remember water solid gas gaseous water called steam water vapor solid water temperature solid liquid melting point temperature liquid solid freezing point freezing point melting point mean liquid boiling point temperature liquid gas liquids boiling points water found earth scientists freezing boiling points water temperature scales temperature water ice degrees celsius written temperature water boils gas hundred degrees celsius living things need liquid water stay alive able live temperatures boiling freezing points water temperature planet mercury ranges pluto round temperature books find temperatures planets planets earth explain answers water changed easily fresh water earth water oceans evaporating means ocean water changing liquid water vapor
learned rainfall soaks ground water plants sinks deeper ground finally reaches layer rock water soak rock fills spaces ground rock top layer water called water table dry places rainfall water table low places water table high high ground look diagram place water table surface ground call place earth fresh water ground wells dug reach groundwater bottom top water table wells run dry happen ground water trapped layers rock dug water pressure force water thing happen hole layer rock place water forced surface called artesian water important heard say person live seconds air live days food water think person live water living things need water body thirds water weigh kilograms weight water plants animals water true cactus growing desert
nearly water living things found streams lakes rivers living things found water soil rainwater collects tin soon oceans living things need water stay alive plants animals live water problem getting water bodies water protects living things sudden temperature passing cloud air temperature change suddenly temperature air change degrees morning night temperature water slowly change degrees months water helps support bodies living things felt support swimming water pushed upward body able float seen water plants growing aquarium school home stems water plants thin soft plants held water happens water plant water body bodies large land animals strong heavy bones strong bones needed support body water animals bones water supports bodies water animals bones seen bones eaten fish differences waters earth water lakes streams rivers fresh water fresh water water salty drink ocean water fresh water salt water lakes rivers salt water
electricity home electricity electricity lights home blower furnace electric stove washing machine small appliances toaster coffee maker opener waffle iron electric clocks stop running tv radio things stop electricity think ways electricity home school offices factories don forget street lights traffic signals electricity form energy reason electricity electricity produced large power plants power lines carry needed stored coal oil batteries produce electricity power lines easier move fuel electricity distances moved faster trainload coal electricity wire needed bring electricity home lights flip switch broken wire toaster working electricity travel path called electric circuit path broken called complete circuit path material electrons move easily study picture left shows light bulb socket part electric circuit makes bulb shown wires drawing real cord wires wrapped
stepped bathwater hot waded lake water numb contained heat water tub water lake tub small amount water hot lake water heat didn lake solid ice top bottom heat bathwater lake water cases comes sun sun heats lake water directly heats bathwater indirectly energy sun stored fuel heat water fuel burned energy passed water think hear words heat light think sun sun energy travels space earth called solar energy radiant energy part called light heat sun travel space earth heat travel matter matter space allow heat travel energy lost form radiant energy heat energy absorbed matter space heated radiant energy passing radiant energy pass glass water changed heat seen materials burn burning felt heat fire fire produces light needed fire burn need oxygen air oxygen fires burning
electricity learned nearly energy comes sun electricity generators coal gas oil burned hot gas steam hot gas steam turn turbines turbines spin generators electricity show electrical energy comes sun seen light meter light meter measures light light energy electricity electricity meter makes needle move small amount light electrical energy move needle small distance light moves needle farther solar cells light meters sunlight electrical energy solar cells electricity charge batteries run radios batteries electricity solar cells changed heat light mixed baking soda vinegar plaster paris seen chemical reactions energy matter changed kinds matter formed energy stored materials reacted reaction takes place energy heat heat mix vinegar baking soda plaster paris hardens heat needed start chemical reaction reaction started heat light heat helpful harmful heat match helpful harmful heat
environment includes living nonliving things resources environment resources stay alive food water air need clothing shelter live live today live ago fewer today worry getting resources needed animals killed food replaced young born plants grew fruits seeds needed start plants tree grow place cut living things took place reason plants animals called renewable resources air renewable resource animals breathe oxygen air plants food put oxygen air green plants replace oxygen animals soil renewable resource soil takes longer renewed living things air soil broken bits rock decayed plants animal bodies takes rock break soil broken rock soil plants grow soil plant animal material takes soil form hundred live changed things resources nearly earth resources
coal problem burning coal pollutes air pollution addition environment burning coal produces soot makes air dirty chemicals air chemicals gas sulfur gas hurt eyes lungs harms green plants damage metals concrete pollution burning coal controlled cleaning smoke burning coal cleaning job costly equipment stopping pollution makes energy coal expensive fossil fuels renewed scarce sources energy found electricity nuclear power plants nuclear power plants resource called uranium uranium metal nonrenewable resource scarce nuclear power plants produce dangerous waste products waste products radioactive radioactive materials produce radiation radiation dangerous kind pollution kill body cells radioactive waste power plant kill thousands millions sick wastes handled carefully radioactive wastes sealed containers buried remain dangerous thousands learn store wastes safely source energy sun energy sun called solar energy homes heated solar energy ways found trap solar energy solar energy electricity chemicals give electrical energy sunlight chemicals solar cells solar cells charge batteries spacecraft
early settlers killed wild animals food blame wildlife killed sport late trainloads hunters traveled buffalo country buffalo herd sighted train stopped hunters jumped shot thousands buffalo animals left prairie rot animals hunted small parts bodies buffalo hunters shot thousands buffalo tongues skins buffalo tongues salted barrels shipped large cities animals killed food industry duck goose hunter kill hundreds birds flocks millions passenger pigeons flew skies north america hunters killed millions birds meat served hotels restaurants buffalo saved destruction alive parks ranches today herds buffalo herds large ago kinds ducks geese nearly disappeared today hunters buy special license hunt birds part license money help raise birds wetlands birds nest bought hunting allowed lands help ducks geese extinct happy ending story passenger pigeons birds killed birds captured protected birds increase number passenger pigeon died zoo live passenger pigeon
living thing grows living thing reproduces kind energy needed activities living things energy living things living things energy food food living things earth comes green plants green plants food factories food needed living things green plants energy energy green plants food comes sun green plants trap light energy change chemical energy chemical energy stored food green plants living things trap light energy living things depend green plants food factories energy traps chlorophyll green coloring matter plants chlorophyll chemical traps light energy energy trapped chlorophyll sugar plant energy sugar needs raw materials raw material water raw material carbon dioxide carbon dioxide colorless gas plants carbon dioxide air green plants called food factories factory place makes raw materials makes called product factory supply energy product green plant raw materials carbon dioxide water product sugar process called photosynthesis photosynthesis process green plants food sugar product photosynthesis leaves seldom taste sweet plants parts taste sweet sugar kinds fruit
green plants kind food animals animals plants animals food food animals energy need live materials bodies need growth repair green plants energy sunlight materials growth repair bodies plants animals water collected grass cut grass heavy cut grass dries weight lost maybe cooked dried potato flakes potato flakes weigh cooked mixed water cooked weigh potato flakes weigh cooked fresh potatoes water added dried potatoes equals water fresh potatoes suppose dried plant weight materials give plant dry weight weight sugar starch materials called carbohydrates carbohydrates energy foods plants animals sugar starch weight dry plant materials plant dry weight kind carbohydrate found plants called cellulose plant cell cell wall cell wall cellulose cotton nearly pure cellulose wood cellulose paper book cellulose cellulose plants photosynthesis sugar raw material plants cellulose
kinds plant stems smaller plants soft stems plants gardens weed patches stems thick juicy eaten asparagus eaten thick juicy stem food stored type stem plants thin stems wind objects stems called vines sweet pea ivy grape common vines trees bushes hard woody stems plants stems grow tall hard woody stems called trunks trunks redwood trees california meters tall water food materials move tubelike cells plant stems trunk tree dead water carrying tubes fibers outer covering woody plant commonly called bark thin layer cells beneath bark cells alive food materials carried cells beneath bark important outer layers tree trunk damaged cut parts tree live grow sides tree trunk damaged tree die soft stems water food carrying tubes bundles fibers plants bundles scattered stem plants bundles ring plants bundles extend leaves noticed bundles cut stalk celery stalk part leaf foods noticed bundles tubes carry water food
recent learned deal nearest neighbor space moon members sun family region sun planets called solar system system includes minor planets natural artificial satellites materials moving space gases dust affected gravitational attraction sun part solar system moons revolve planets planets moons revolve sun happen suddenly sun happen earth planets traveling orbits move straight line skater letting end crack whip line mass keeps moving slowed force earth mass sun disappear earth begin moving straight line gravitational attraction sun earth earth orbit earth moving straight space close star large object earth pulled star gravitational attraction suppose happened crash star orbit star earth planets move straight lines strong gravitational attraction sun planets planets travel curved paths orbits gravitational attraction affects movement objects matter space
distance separates planets outer planets planets mars jupiter smaller bodies orbit sun objects called asteroids planetoids largest asteroid kilometers bodies vary greatly size hundred kilometers kilometers scientists named larger asteroids largest asteroid called ceres asteroids place solar system thought planets asteroids asteroids mars jupiter move irregular orbits gravitational attraction asteroids planets asteroids affected greatly gravitational attraction jupiter pass fairly close earth close pulled earth atmosphere friction air hot travel burn reaching earth surface burn form streak light sky comets kilometers bits frozen gas dust thought flying frozen gravel piles comet material gas comet travels sun comet head absorbs sun energy gas comet expands comet takes space tail formed tail million kilometers meteors materials space approach earth surface materials comet head asteroid
moon revolves earth planets revolve sun stopped think sun move scientists learned solar system member larger family family called milky galaxy milky composed billions stars disk shaped pattern stars revolve orbits center disk sun planets stars located thirds distance center milky galaxy edge scientists learned sun planets travel kilometers center milky takes sun million earth travel galaxy kind live talked information need address let travel edge neighborhood space look galaxy look diagram milky travel edge solar system edge galaxy ignore effects gravitation stars shortest distance fly rate kilometers hour reach edge milky traveling kilometers hour course fast longer care spend spacecraft increase speed kilometers
substances mixture easy separate chemically combined activity separated iron sulfur magnet water activity separated mixture substances substances dissolved alcohol dissolve alcohol water substance properties substance properties reacts substances substances mixture separated properties dissolve liquids mixtures separated substances making properties substance waters earth mixtures seawater holds large amounts dissolved solids cubic meter seawater meter meter deep meter wide kilograms dissolved compounds elements cubic meter seawater kilograms dissolved sodium chloride kilogram magnesium compounds grams bromine compounds seawater important source magnesium bromine silver gold found seawater small amounts costs remove metals worth material cubic kilometer seawater billion dollars fresh water water rivers streams lakes wells mixture fresh water dissolved compounds calcium magnesium iron water large amounts compounds called hard water
realize matter earth crust look parts clothing earth crust matter concrete plaster glass metal earth crust classroom earth crust fillings teeth metal fillings part crust fact matter body part earth crust matter earth elements elements found pure form found compounds natural element compound earth crust called mineral minerals discovered crust fewer minerals elements plentiful minerals minerals small amounts elements called impurities minerals elements look act amount element minerals minerals look conditions formed heat pressure change minerals formation quartz common mineral earth crust pure quartz elements silicon oxygen combined quartz atoms silicon oxygen molecule quartz billions quartz molecules pieces quartz large quartz easy find types sand quartz look sand hand lens beads quartz look cloudy glass
earth surface igneous rock true today igneous rock found today mountains found beds deep crust rock surface crust layers sedimentary rock sedimentary rock formed sediment rock formed bits weathered rock matter carried water air water begin wear igneous rock soon forms rain falls igneous rock dissolving minerals minerals carried lakes oceans mineral dissolves water dissolved mineral lake water seawater wind flowing water move bits rock rock bits moving rock act sandpaper wear rocks pass action called abrasion big pieces rock broken smaller pieces abrasive action process goes happens parts temperature rock break smaller pieces water freezing cracks rocks rocks split rock softened broken chemical action weak acids form gases air react water vapor compounds formed act minerals rock turn igneous rock sediment pieces sediment large pebbles smallest pieces form sediment called clay sediments carried place moved gravity flowing water sediments moved gravity happens sediments carried flowing water
snakes lizards turtles alligators crocodiles reptile group reptiles lungs spend land live water surface breathe young reptiles hatch eggs born alive young look parents smaller reptiles pass stages growth amphibians reptiles body covering protection land keeps bodies drying air reptiles limbs movement land lizards reptiles earth lizards past lizards today turtles live kinds environments live water live desert regions turtles live land called tortoises large tortoises living warm oceans land weigh kilograms live longer span animal crocodiles alligators common prehistoric times reached lengths meters modern crocodiles meters length alligators smaller crocodiles reptiles body shape lizards alligators snout large teeth skin alligator sheet overlapping thin scales alligators crocodiles live water nose ear openings coverings close animal underwater alligators danger extinct united states means disappear earth killed skins shoes belts purses
energy books energy defined ability word mean thing think arithmetic think reading textbook hard scientist force move distance force push pull measured things amount force distance object moved force multiplied distance moved force newtons lift box meters newton meters matter changed energy needed matter moved changed cut torn changed shape physical energy chemical matter energy physical chemical change energy action called kinetic energy moving matter kinetic energy moving truck running dog wind running water kinetic energy room kinetic energy energy action energy stored hard tell matter stored energy think book resting edge desk kinetic energy falls floor suppose strikes falls move thing strikes falling book kinetic energy energy book edge desk stored energy
forms energy energy moving body called mechanical energy mechanical energy kind kinetic energy explain answer heat common form energy heat movement particles matter means heat form kinetic energy heat energy run engines cook food houses warm called heating air room called hot pan water heat sea level heated boiling temperature water adding heat hotter happens energy added heat energy added water boil faster water boils steam steam energy amount liquid water steam takes times space amount water energy steam particles pressure build walls containers pressure dangerous energy steam changed mechanical energy push pistons cylinders steam engines turbine blades turned energy steam moving pistons spinning turbine blades light sound forms energy help learn environments light energy chemical eyes light bright blindness sound energy changed mechanical electrical energy ears
oceans cover earth surface oceans times living things dry land oceans full means activity activity energy oceans energy large amounts materials plants animals growth oceans large bodies water pure water substances hydrogen oxygen natural water dissolved materials rainwater purest water found nature water falling rain dissolves oxygen carbon dioxide air rainwater reaches earth dissolves minerals rocks soil water streams rivers lakes small amounts minerals called fresh water water falling rain billions rainwater dissolved minerals earth oceans common mineral salt fresh water emptying oceans billions water evaporating oceans water evaporated minerals left water oceans saltier saltier longer fresh water seawater density fresh water density substance mass volume substance density pure water gram milliliter salt added water density water increases density sea water gram milliliter thought sunlight strikes earth think reaching streets buildings lawns fields sunlight reaching earth falls water oceans
learned ocean environment parts environment gases minerals stored energy nonliving related plants animals oceans nonliving living environments ecosystem study ecosystem consider plants animals ocean consider nonliving environment study energy plants animals living things oceans plants animals land human beings live understand oceans think ecosystem land wild pasture grasses common plants pastures plant eating animals grass food animals eat leaves grass plants insects rabbits sheep deer mice animals eat grass plants animals eat plants growing animal needs grams plant food gain gram mass wild pasture animals feed animals animals called predators shrew animal insects prey predator shrews shrews eat times mass insects predator animals eat grams animals gain gram mass owl live tree edge pasture owls predators shrews prey owls grams shrew meat owl eat increase mass gram owls found living plants oceans pastures common plants oceans microscopic single celled algae
half easier centuries ago machines hardest energy comes fuels water power sources machines built powered materials earth materials earth food clothing shelter matter energy past earth crust forests supplied wood needed buildings crops fed forests crops grew materials earth crust materials crust limited forests cut cities roads airports factories built land grew crops soil eroded water flowed oceans pollution ruined earth water supply human population increased rapidly increase called population explosion faced problem providing matter energy materials needed ways found supply needs matter energy oceans supply materials needed future number levels headed trouble resources oceans water size human need matter liters water person united states billion liters water american homes billion liters united states industries large chemical factory liters water minute
nonliving things move environment able things wind water machines rocks things move force acting wind moving air air pushed place place uneven pressures water stream river flows downhill force pulls downward machines move supply source energy rocks move acted force running water wind animals nonliving things animals living things animals move forces acting survival depends ability move able move order materials need materials needed include food water oxygen animals able move order escape enemies think movement think plants houseplant growing pot place count finding tree place yard leaves tree moving moved wind aware plant movement watch young plant grow seed aware movement flower opens aware movement growth vine aware change watch plants movements plant animal help plant live animals move food things need environment animal movements reactions environment
suppose lived edge moist woodland trees thick growth ferns fern ferns patch ferns grew shady environment tree shaded ferns cut bright sunlight reached ferns ferns wilted leaves started curl wilting leaf curling reactions drying sunlight leaves wilted curled sunlight struck cells wilted leaves lose water ferns bright sunlight died responded change environment response alive finally fern remained alive ferns wilted leaves curled days bright sunlight days leaves remained open wilt fern grew sunlight produced spores grow fern plants spores fell unshaded area ferns growing nearby shade produced spores spores blew unshaded soil spores fern growing sunlight grew fern plants fern grew sunlight ferns kind difference passed offspring fern live shade sunlight special adapted live environments plant animal adapted live changing conditions environment responses plant conditions environment help stay alive
animal behavior stimulated things animal body stimulations environment animal senses receive stimuli environment senses body stimuli environment reach body eyes ears senses smell taste touch nearly animals senses smell taste touch important sight hearing ants odors guide activities earthworm information environment sense touch observed animals responding stimuli environment cat responding warmth chooses sunny place sleep dog sniffing ground stimulated smells gliding bird flap wings response feel air current animal responses stimulation environment observed information environment types behavior change job feeding dog cat noticed animal interested food ready knows going happen pick dish excited rattle paper sack pet food animal need smell food knows going fed dog cat behave behavior changed things happened times change behavior learning animals ability learn
heat form energy things heat learned school learned heat everyday heat important part touch heat heat car truck train ship aircraft heat energy move body heat machine think affected heat things heat heat kind energy energy change form heat kinds energy likewise kinds energy change heat think heat energy change form matter tiny particles moving motion vibration kinetic energy kinetic energy particles matter heat heat stay place cup hot chocolate cold heat added house warm winter matter warmer matter loses heat happens temperature matter cooler matter heat melts ice cream heat travel place travel kinds matter difference change heat change temperature questions heat answered study chapter talk heat words warm hot
scientists define mass measure resistance matter change motion pitcher delivers ball ball standing motion pitcher arm moves forward ball moves faster ball released moving fast km hour pitcher mass ball baseball mass iron ball size effort pitcher move baseball faster farther iron ball scientists measure mass object balance compare mass object mass known object units measure mass grams kilograms kilogram equal grams weight word weight mean mass understand meaning weight bodies universe attract force attraction called gravitational attraction gravitational attraction particle dust air farthest star attraction sun weight measure force gravitational attraction pieces matter force depends masses bodies unit measuring force weight called newton symbol newton think weight think force attraction object earth moon lander weighs amount earth space moon lander weight moon weighs sixth weighed earth
boiling liquid gas rapidly adding heat boiling liquid increase temperature additional heat energy passed particles liquid gas graph page tells temperature alcohol boils temperature boiling alcohol increase heat added graph liquid heated boiling temperature look graph alcohol energy change takes place matter gas liquid liquid solid define boiling point melting point freezing point information graph alcohol learned activities making solutions physical change solution substance dissolved liquid dissolved substance called solute liquid called solvent solute broken atoms molecules ions disappear particles changing solvent gas solute recovered unchanged changing liquid gas called evaporation solute left evaporate solvent salt water solution change kinds physical change making solution kinds physical change bits wood sharpened pencil look wood burn wood bits carbon color carbon pencil conduct electricity combined oxygen form carbon dioxide chemical properties matter pencil changed pencil ground bits
knows exactly supply fossil fuels energy united states fuels hundred heavy metals uranium fission produce energy creates problem neutrons released fission join nuclei nearby atoms making radioactive uranium fuel radioactive waste produced radioactive waste equal produced explosion nuclear bombs dangerous radioactive waste controlled material safely buried nuclear reactors shielded lead substances absorb neutrons radioactivity living cells kill living cells young living things exposed radioactive materials born deformed radiation makes impossible living things reproduce fission creates dangerous problems solved fusion produce dangerous radioactivity matter produced fission advantage fission source energy natural water kind hydrogen atoms fusion liter water hydrogen atoms release energy equal liters gasoline think water ocean supply energy needed millions true thousand times energy fusion fission produce electricity today fusion process controlled explosions
current electricity static electricity current electricity organized movement electrons sense organized means electrons moving pathway kind think electrical energy moving metal wire wire path electricity electrons move kind matter matter electrons move called conductor electrons move kinds matter kinds matter called conductors electrons move freely kinds matter air poor conductor electricity poor conductors electricity called insulators materials insulators electricity moves freely copper copper conductor materials conductors compass needle small magnet moves magnetic field acts think movement compass needle activity needle moved electrical energy moved wire wire conductor magnetic field set conductor carried electric current happened direction compass needle pointed direction electric current changed scientists learned charged particles move magnetic field produced electrons move conductor magnetic field produced conductor piece iron steel magnet magnetic field atoms metal line magnetic lines force atom iron steel magnet piece iron steel magnetic lines force
electricity circuit measured measurement compared measurement moving energy water stream water stream flows high place low place flow water downhill kinetic energy flowing water move objects greater difference highest lowest places stream push force stream electrical energy acts electricity movement energy place electrons place fewer electrons greater difference number electrons push electrical energy push downhill flow electrical energy measured volts dry cells push volts volts added dry cells connected series dry cells connected series volts electric current cells connected order volts electric current shocks low voltage cells batteries volts push electric current body electric wires houses carry electric current volts shock electric current voltage power lines carry thousands volts electricity suppose wish compare flow water faucet flow water river streams water amount push finger ways water flows past point river past point water faucet
learned matter particles particles motion forces attract particles liquids solids forces strong particles moving gases forces strong hold particles gas particles free move density volume gas depends particles particles density low particles tightly packed density factors affect density air important factors altitude air temperature denver colorado sea level air sample denver differs density air samples cities sea level sample air place sea level denser sample air place hundreds kilometers sea level sea level air particles squeezed closely density air sea level greater altitude increases density air air particles squeezed closely higher altitudes air denver fewer air particles equal volume air city sea level fewer particles volume air mean weight lower density temperature air affects density heat energy warm air cold air particles gas vibrate rapidly heat energy increases rapid vibration particles move farther
weather forecasters information cloud cover amount water vapor air information helps predict temperatures fall night forecasts important farmers frosts occur early spring damage crops clear nights air temperature fall freezing forecasters predict happen farmers measures protect crops ways seen pictures earth outer space earth looks blue sphere white patches pictures hundred meters earth look show white snow green fields forests black soil show blue green oceans red deserts colors earth surface reflect absorb amounts sunlight differences help explain earth heated unevenly light colored surfaces reflect light strikes dark colored surfaces absorb light think amount solar energy white snow reflects compare amount reflected black soil dark green plants learned clouds help blanket earth cut heat loss clouds stop sun energy reaching earth flown clouds white look help explain clouds sun energy reaching earth knowledge light dark colors choosing clothing seasons give examples lithosphere solid part earth land hydrosphere liquid part waters earth
warm air cold air masses form directions move masses move earth surface air masses move steadily rivers water reason movements air masses affected jet streams jet streams discovered forty ago learned move learned affect air masses describe jet stream think fast moving river air high atmosphere jet streams travel west east top troposphere troposphere layer atmosphere closest earth weather place jet streams found boundary troposphere higher layer stratosphere boundary called tropopause jet stream longer forty days end forty cycle breaks jet stream forms days breaks recently meteorologists studying jet streams affect movements air masses understanding jet streams helps understand weather wonder jet streams flow sure meteorologists believe jet streams related sunspots sunspots storms surface sun scientists studying find jet streams weather place front air mass let look place
appeared earth energy needs simple moved looking plants hunting animals needed food sun warm summer learned live caves winter learned fires discovery fire allowed cook food stay warm wood fires carried area fire needed learned animals hundreds animals laborsaving means animals farming transportation recent history learned heat fuels run engines rely muscles animals sense total energy exploded wood fuel engines discovered oil drilled wells pumped oil ground found natural gas oil burned valuable gas later learned atom nuclear reactors produce energy thought energy cupboard full mother hubbard cupboard fast empty someday forced live simply ago happen united states percent population percent energy energy percent energy comes fossil fuels mainly coal oil natural gas
suppose asked list living resources need survive plants animals food think plants animals sources medicines clothing think jobs help alive moving think green plants replacing oxygen air green plants important living resources ways living things things alive help survive chapter studied fossil fuels think coal oil natural gas nonliving resources part living things air nonliving water gases air water part living tissue limestone making concrete formed remains small ocean animals forms matter living rocks minerals ores nonliving nuclear fuel uranium certainly nonliving nonliving resources important modern future uranium greater quantities energy steel aluminum greater amounts building cars aircraft trains buildings ways nonliving resources nonliving resources disappeared believe matter resources kinds plentiful spread unevenly earth crust kinds matter need scarce places places valuable matter ruined pollution matter reused scattered
learned raise freshwater animals food fish raised hatcheries later released lakes streams fish hunted mainly sport caught food south central united states catfish raised ponds animal protein obtained fish raised pond gotten cattle raised land equal area crayfish raised flooded land region country oceans japan learned grow oysters strings suspended ocean water grow times oysters area grow naturally area experiments raise shrimp shallow waters gulf coast studies lobsters farmed england coast efforts beginning farming oceans farmed land country settled farm oceans depend large part protect oceans dumps waste materials tankers ocean water wash oil wastes tanks wastes dumped oceans materials formed layer scum floated shore large cities barges haul garbage wastes land miles offshore materials dumped ocean wastes settled bottom stay wastes formed sticky ooze moved shore ocean bottom
daytime star star sun looks big bright thousands times closer star sun giant ball glowing gases light shines directions light kind energy tiny bit light energy strikes earth light energy earth earth circles sun planets circle sun closer sun earth farther larger earth smaller planets moons circle sun planets moons solar system sun giving amounts energy energy travels sun directions let compare crowded campfire closest fire warmest farthest coolest closest fire light farthest campfire dark light heat forms energy sun energy energy planets receive small amount energy planets sun energy planets farther sun energy goes space waves waves called radiant energy waves strike objects space change takes place objects strike radiant energy heat heat energy raises temperature object object loses heat energy temperature goes
energy sun warm bodies warms sea land pour water baby food jar cover bottom set jar window happen water evaporate air energy sun water evaporate large amounts water evaporate oceans lakes school playground dries quickly rain shower water evaporates rises warm air later air cools water air forms clouds later fall rain plants water warm wet soil plants energy sun grow animals food radiant energy planets scientists think sure mars viking space craft landed mars information experiments mars results clear planets hot cold living things planets materials needed planets travel sun paths travel called orbits orbits flat circles imagine marbles rolling dinner plate marbles sizes marbles circling close rim circling close center plate circling marbles orbiting planets planet orbit planet orbits speed scientists planet
mercury planet nearest sun solar system hottest fastest moving planet orbits sun days mercury makes orbits earth makes spacecraft mariner took pictures mercury pictures showed mercury looks moon venus earth mercury called earth sister planet size earth thick clouds cover venus clouds reflect sunlight makes venus look bright venus seen sunset called evening star wrong clouds show venus show venus kind atmosphere atmosphere layer gases surrounding planet space probes show atmosphere hot atmosphere hot water boils planet sun earth fill books earth earth reasons earth hot cold plants animals found places earth mars distant planets cold earth materials support plants animals need carbon dioxide oxygen water live earth plenty things mars mars fourth planet sun landing viking mars told mars soil samples viking ii show exist mars daytime temperatures summer reach nearly hot july earth
learned running water carry sediment sediment pressed rocks sediment comes soil rocks water breaking rocks raindrop fell breaking rocks called weathering bits rock soil carried ways movement called erosion rivers streams carry tons soil broken rocks kilometers mississippi river moves million metric tons material spring snow melts heavy rains rivers carry added water rivers overflow flood land flooding washes soil rocks flooded land dries sediment left ocean waves moving water breaking seacoast shore areas sand places waves washed sand rocks shore water greatly changed face earth past ahead water running rivers streams water deep earth crust water called groundwater easily seen drill holes ground wells reach groundwater pump groundwater minerals water seep roofs caves water evaporates minerals left form stones look icicles point roof cave water drips icicles forms stones floor cave stones point roof cave
chapter learned volcanoes lava volcanoes melted rock material granite formed underground melted rock material rocks formed melted rock material called igneous rocks lava granite kinds igneous rocks kinds rocks learned rocks broken water wind ice rocks broken sediments sediments pressed form rocks kind rock called sedimentary rock sandstone sedimentary rock forms sand older broken rocks look closely piece sandstone looks grainy grains cemented scratch piece sandstone sand sandstone rub nail scratch nail sandstone quartz quartz harder nail limestone sedimentary rock forms bones shells sea animals put vinegar piece limestone bubble fizz calcite limestone reacts vinegar form bubbles gas gas carbon dioxide bodies sea animals break settle bottom mix sediment rock shells bones called fossils fossils greatly changed sediment rock finding rock fossils finding history book study fossils learn animals plants lived ago sandstone limestone found inland mountains sandstone limestone sedimentary rocks sedimentary rocks formed sea
rocks earth crust covered soil places soil hundreds meters thick centimeters deep think soil comes large plants grow soil animals plants food soil food look handful soil run fingers feel look soil hand lens look soil bits rock mixed plant animal matter matter decayed minerals put soil decays small living plants animals soil part soil soil forms slowly wind water temperature help soil look rocks millions soil soil seen kinds soil sand clay loam kinds soil soil top ground deep soil layer top growing things called topsoil sand hold water played sand water fast water runs sand clay kinds rock dust bits clay packed tightly clay hold water dries cracks plants grow clay loam mixture sand clay humus humus formed decayed plants animals loam water minerals needed plant growth learn soil activities
plants green plants colors plants trap energy light food animals food plants animals study picture facing page shows common nongreen plants find kinds plants growing nongreen plants grow seeds roots stems flowers real leaves indian pipes dodder plants kind indian pipes grow moist woodlands woods trees fall die wood trees rots indian pipes rotting trees food dodder plant start growing seed young plant grows touches green plant dodder grows stem green plant parts dodder grow green plant part dodder soil dies dodder takes food green plant mushrooms molds nongreen plants called fungi fungi roots stems leaves flowers fungi energy dead plants kinds energy living things mushrooms eat poison sickness death pick mushrooms eat trained person pick mushrooms eat molds grow food molds spoil food seen molds bread fruit molds food blue cheese flavor mold mold helps humans fight disease penicillin comes mold shown
fungi grow seeds grow spores spores small plants seeds millions spores plant spores tiny carried moving air spores mushrooms molds home find mushrooms growing mold spores grow home mold start growing wrapped bread fungi need water grow places home moist moist place water inside refrigerator moist fresh fruits vegetables moist cake bread moist towels washcloths wet water pipes tanks water basement walls floors moist fungi water grow places fungi grow home fungi grow moist places grow food need energy food remember fungi plant animal material food moist places home food fungi fungi grow expected grow materials food materials metal glass cement plastic mildew kind fungi grows water pipes moist places seen shower mildew food places
suppose walking home friend sees friend asks friend want feel things things activity move think activities feel activities feel healthy healthy healthy fun play want feel try healthy put automobile run gasoline toaster plugged electricity gasoline electricity supply energy energy needed things move change energy food need energy sit stand energy needed move energy science class playground energy foods foods starch sugar lot energy cereals grain lot starch flour wheat wheat grain bread cake cookies flour energy foods sweet foods give lots energy candy soda ice cream sweet foods energy need sweet foods vegetables starch sugar things person needs healthy fats oils foods energy meat milk nuts butter margarine fats oils needs eat fats oils eat foods need
played game suppose baker thought dough pans ovens carpenter trouble maybe thought wood tools scientist scientist think test tubes powders germs partly scientist works matter weight takes space matter book desk school bus matter matter found states forms matter solid liquid gas solid fixed size shape big large rock powdery sand sugar liquids fixed size fixed shape liquids shape containers matter solid liquid gas gas fixed size shape gases hard notice invisible kind matter perfume solid liquid gas smell perfume fried chicken skunk smell gas water vapor gas smell water vapor air mixture gases smell air gases odor water gas called water vapor small drops liquid water air turn water vapor
ice melts physical change takes place liquid changing solid physical change liquids changing gases gases changing liquids physical physical change affect looks thing change kind physical change kinds suppose break stick physical change change stick change stick physical think small matter small break stick small pieces grind piece chalk dust dust things smaller scientists call tiny basic units atoms molecules millions molecules tiniest speck dust atoms molecules seen powerful microscopes matter tiny atoms molecules try tiny pieces paper smallest piece millions molecules activities things matter added heat took heat things changed matter changed size shape matter physical physical change substance clay clay mold shape sugar sugar stir water tell sugar water water ice energy physical
important characteristics unique organization organized hierarchy series levels increasing complexity hierarchy levels organization explain unique organization starting bottom hierarchy organisms exceptions cells cell smallest subunit organisms exist independently carry basic functions levels organization level cell cell organelles structures carry specialized functions cell turn organelles molecules molecules atoms sublevels cellular organization discussed chapters level cell tissue group cells works team carries specialized functions tissue lines protects inside mouth organisms tissues tissue level organ tissues organ specialized structure heart stomach specific function functions high level mainly animals level organization called organ system simply system system group organs perform specific functions digestive system includes stomach organs function digest food individual organism individual middle hierarchy position result change thinking biologists century individual considered top level organization
abundant molecule organisms water thirds human body water bodies jellyfish live ocean percent water organisms water bodies understanding structure behavior water molecule help explain importance organisms note diagram water molecule figure water molecules triangular shape note diagram relative size oxygen nucleus protons compared hydrogen nuclei proton bonds hold water molecule covalent bonds means hydrogen electrons spend part orbiting oxygen nucleus oxygen electrons orbiting hydrogen nuclei greater size pulling power bigger oxygen nucleus electrons spend orbiting oxygen nucleus results imbalance electrical charge molecule oxygen end molecule slight negative charge electrons spend hydrogen end molecule protons bare hydrogen end molecule slight positive charge result water molecule poles negative positive water called polar molecule polar nature water molecule molecule behave magnet water molecules close attracted magnets north south pole water molecules attracted poles unlike charges
total chemical reactions occur cells called metabolism reactions called metabolic reactions require energy cell energy start peanut burning cell allow reactions release energy released peanut burns heat start reactions heat released reactions destroy cell metabolic reactions started controlled metabolic reactions cell started controlled group chemicals called enzymes enzymes act catalysts catalysts chemicals chemical reactions occur changed reactions catalysts enzymes start chemical reactions going addition large amounts heat energy enzymes protein molecules enzymes nonprotein subunits called coenzymes unite help function coenzymes vitamins riboflavin niacin enzymes function forming temporary chemical bonds molecule molecules undergo chemical reaction molecule molecules called substrate region enzyme substrate bonds called active site picture substrate pieces jigsaw puzzle fit hole active site molecules substrate bonded active site longer random chance collide collide enzyme holding close reaction unite molecules separate molecule cases reactions occurring reaction occurs net reaction observed
natural selection step process occurs natural populations populations breeding controlled step natural selection production variation ways occurs natural populations mutation change genes organism mutation ultimate source variation populations variation produced recombination occurs sexual reproduction recombination exchange genes occurs chromatids process meiosis step natural selection testing variation environment testing offspring survive reproduce die testing process cruel occur parents natural populations produce offspring survive tolerate single pair frogs produce thousands eggs tiny fraction survive adult frogs orchid plant produces thousands seeds survive reproduce orchids offspring lived continued reproduce soon buried frogs orchids offspring produced likely survive answer question determines type adaptation developed frog tadpoles body color hide predators likely survivors orchid seeds survive months dry weather likely survivors adaptation survival likely preserved offspring turn survivors pass genes adaptation offspring
ago group humans present earth neanderthal named valley germany fossils found term neanderthal describe crude person cartoons show neanderthals picturing brutes live caves carry clubs drag women hair opinions neanderthals based largely older research ideas anthropologists neanderthals thought brutes low intelligence crude animallike behavior anthropologists today respect neanderthal fact give neanderthals modern humans scientific homo sapiens neanderthals mainly shape heads facial features foreheads sloped large brows lower jaws heavy nearly chinless general heads facial features similar homo erectus major difference neanderthal brain larger size modern human neanderthal widely spread europe africa asia adaptable survive ice ages toolmakers stone axes scrapers found fossil bones neanderthals lived caves evidence crude shelters animal skins ago happened neanderthals fossils recent neanderthals discovered led anthropologists call neanderthal problem single hypothesis disappearance neanderthals evidence support
virulent phage replicates attaches tail end bacterium molecules virus tail form close fit substances bacterial surface matching fit reasons virus infects specific host attachment enzyme tail virus makes hole cell wall bacterium hollow tail virus shortens nucleic acid pushed bacterium empty capsid remains nucleic acid injected host syringe viral nucleic acid inside bacterium takes control chromosome host cell destroyed inactivated normal metabolism bacterium stops biochemical machinery synthesize copies viral nucleic acid viral protein substances virus particles assembled bacterium undergoes lysis large number viruses formed entire process penetration lysis called lytic cycle phages minutes complete lytic cycle viruses produced viruses free infect bacterium start lytic cycle hours offspring single phage destroy billion bacteria happens concentrated laboratory cultures bacteria nature bacteria spread soil water phages escaping lysis bacterium find bacterium type nearby phage infections spread slowly nature laboratory bacteriophages lysis host called temperate phages
horsetails stems hollow water food conducting tissues located outer part stem tissue stem epidermis cells silica walls plant rough touch crushed responsible common plants early pioneers america called scouring rushes scour pots pans horsetails members sporophyte generation spores produced cones strobili sing strobilus grow top plant spores released germinate develop small gametophyte gametophytes centimeter smaller gametophytes produce antheridia male sex organs archegonia female sex organs produce sperm released antheridia swim water fertilize egg fertilized egg develops sporophyte horsetail group living fossils lycopods subdivision lycopsida dominated landscape million ago species survive live tropical habitats strobili look moss gametophytes common club moss species lycopodium common lycopod survives cold forests northern united states leaves remain green lycopodium creeping plant grows low ground oftencalled ground pine christmas decoration rare areas states protected plants making illegal collect common lycopod selaginella species live temperate regions
regions embryo germinated seed development occurring called growth regions processes development cell division cellular differentiation supracellular differentiation occurring growth regions called apical meristems located root tip tip shoot zones region root apical meristem true meristematic tissue cell division occurring nearby zone elongation cells growing longer zone differentiation cells specialized apical meristem shoot root zones elongation differentiation clearly defined root plant growth results development apical meristems called primary growth primary growth results lengthwise development plant includes upward growth stem downward lateral growth roots primary growth responsible development branches leaves flowers tissues result development apical meristems called primary tissues important primary tissue primary xylem primary xylem found root stem branches leaves main function primary xylem conduct water plant supports plant stores food primary xylem flowering plants kinds cells called vessel element called tracheid kinds cells develop secondary walls addition normal cell wall primary wall secondary walls ring spiral shaped
plants respond varying exposures light darkness kind plant response called photoperiodism means period light type photoperiodism flowering response ragweed produce flowers days hours ragweed grow northern latitudes maine short days occur august late seeds mature freezing temperatures kill plants spinach grow equator spinach requires hours light period weeks flower fourteen hour periods daylight occur equator plants groups according flowering response photoperiods short plants exposed photoperiod shorter specific flower ragweed strawberries chrysanthemums examples short plants short plants flower early spring autumn group plants plants plants flower photoperiod longer specific spinach plant hour photoperiod flower plants include lettuce kinds potatoes group plants flower specific photoperiod called neutral plants experiments shown length dark period photoperiod affects flowering short plants cocklebur requires photoperiod hours flower experiment researchers found minute exposure watt bulb dark period prevent flowering
amphibians job solving problems strong bony skeleton support body amphibians adapted surviving wide temperatureof environment cold blooded means body assume temperature environment problem temperatures warm functions warm temperatures body functions slow stop low temperatures limits habitats seasons amphibians live active active cold winter months live polar regions integument amphibians permeable water limited adaptations drying evaporation live moist habitats evaporation rate body reduced nocturnal means active night theday found plants logs stones main adaptationis production mucus special glands integument mucus coats body helps prevent water evaporating skin adult amphibians pairs legs locomotion legs salamanders equal size legs frogs toads differ size hind legs longer adapted jumping presence legs key adaptation living land major advancement fishes major characteristic amphibians ability breathe methods live water breathe gills land amphibians breathe skin lungs
unique group mammals group flies bats order belong order chiroptera means hand wing bat wing actually membrane supported fingerlike bones bats generally divided groups based feeding habits group fruit sucking bats actually members group feed fruits feed nectar flowers fruit suckers found tropical semitropical regions group bats insectivorous bats common america sharp teeth shrew catch insects flying group bats consists vampire bats razorlike front teeth puncture skin mammals blood starts flow bat laps tongue saliva prevents blood clotting blood flows bat finished meal group mammals ranks insects troublesome human pest rodents order rodentia describes eat rodent means gnawing animal rodents equipped function rodents half land mammals abundant terrestrial ecosystems rodents include rats mice porcupines beavers muskrats squirrels prairie dogs chipmunks gophers hamsters rats mice biggest groups human pests carry transmit diseases mice rats destroy tons agricultural products natural enemies rodents include eagles hawks owls kinds snakes rodents experience population explosion damage areas predators
regions small intestine total length average meters region duodenum shortest centimeters regions jejunum ileum inside wall small intestine ridges increase surface area times ridges millions small projections called villi villi millimeter wave villi increase surface area times addition cells line surface villi projections called microvilli microvilli increase surface area times ridges villi microvilli increase inside surface area small intestine times area estimated square meters larger floor area homes chemical digestion practically absorption occurs small intestine organs assist digestion liver largest organ body produces bile bile stored container called gallbladder bile helps digest fats organ pancreas thin lies slightly stomach pancreas produces enzymes digest carbohydrates proteins fats carbohydrate digestion started salivary amylase acid stomach eventually stops process starts carbohydrates reach duodenum enzyme similar saliva called pancreatic amylase breaks starches disaccharides double sugars monosaccharides simple sugars glucose makes percent simple sugars result carbohydrate digestion assisting digestion carbohydrates enzymes microvilli small intestine
abandoned farms piedmont completely worn predictable kind secondary succession occurred abandoned description succession written ecologist region dr billings duke university description excellent secondary succession original vegetation piedmont forest consisting deciduous trees oaks hickories loblolly pine shortleaf pine forest contrasted coastal plain easily burned essentially undisturbed european settlers arrived early eighteenth century undisturbed patches kind forest rocky ground unsuited cultivation fairly land cleared crops tobacco corn cotton planted small fields fertilizers abundant easily nitrogen crops exhausted nitrate supply soil abandon land cut forest plant fields practice american revolution unfortunately continued availability fertilizers crops permanent pastures timberland stopped land abandonment today revegetation starts soon cultivation stopped crop harvested weeds invade late summer autumn primarily crabgrass horseweed horseweed overwinters grows dominant flowers summer abandonment summer horseweed turn invaded small plants white aster grow dominant flower summer suppressing horseweed summer broomsedge tall bunchgrass begun begins dispossess aster
tundra biomes named climax vegetation tundra comes finnish word meaning treeless plain tundra vast treeless plain covers northern part called arctic tundra similar biome antarctic region main limiting factors tundra low temperature short growing season low temperatures thin upper layer soil thaws summer region ground remains permanently frozen soil called permafrost main vegetation tundra mixture grasses low shrubs lichens animals include caribou reindeer wolverine musk ox arctic hare arctic fox arctic ground squirrel caribou large grazing animals north american tundra reindeer fill niche northern europe caribou reindeer ecological equivalents organisms similar adaptations filling similar niches invertebrates amphibians reptiles tundra insects limited terms species short summer species insects create suffering humans animals mosquitoes biting flies black flies deer flies fly swarms looking food consists blood warm blooded animal tundra north america eurasia vast forest biome called northern coniferous forest siberian word taiga climax vegetation conifers spruce fir pine conifers form dense forest shades ground prevents growth smaller plants
ecologists concerned human population growth call explosion concerned reasons concerned deforestation process forests cut replaced deforestation occurring rapid rate forests converted farmland feed exploding population forests providing wood build housing forests cut firewood firewood heating cooking ecological results disasters deforestation himalaya mountains speeded runoff rain melting snow lowland rivers carry tons soil washed floods common thousands die concern ecologists process desertification history societies overgrazed grasslands exceeded carrying capacity grasslands killing grasses roots held soil exploding population feed concern desertification rate increase million feed pressure overgraze greater realize running cheap sources energy complicates ecological concerns discussed consider happen depend firewood energy want decreasing supply oil products eventually cut forests firewood india burn animal manure create problems
observed babies learn walk wiggle stomachs learn crawl hands knees pull handy piece furniture eventually slow halting steps begin walk erect practice falls learn balance perfectly feet personality develops slow halting steps stages stage forces mental tug war side child desire wishes granted immediately side opposition standards set society standards rules determine needs satisfied individuals adjust behavior rules remain mentally physically healthy growth maturation personality continuing process individual wake completely formed personality personality develops grows individual comes contact experiences problems think personality changed past maturation refers things biologically stage final differentiation cells tissues organs occurs personality development maturation refers emotional maturity emotionally mature individual ability independent decisions react mature manner accept responsibility cope problems personality development emotional development closely linked child enters school finds parts roles play individual remains child family student class member club part groups
emotional behavior learned seeing react situations react exactly similar reactions expected situations saddened death close friend relative find hard express grief publicly feeling grief grieve openly types experiencing sadness reactions differ emotions normal part person mental makeup proper emotional reactions important mental health times emotions controlled types emotional behavior acceptable emotions channeled outlets emotional development personality development closely related part maturation process emotional reactions depend personality reason person explodes situation person remains calm differences personalities emotional maturity reached stages emotional behavior common ages expects react thirteen learn emotional maturity chapter discussed part growing process animal faced danger fights flees hides harm turtle retreats shell octopus shields dark liquid swims chameleon color blend environment human beings eager protect feelings images protect bodies build defense mechanisms deal situations face directly look ways avoid unpleasantness
half hospital beds united states mentally emotionally disturbed addition millions mentally ill disturbed hospitals facts mental illness health problem mental illness remains today mental health picture deal brighter past recently ago mental illness poorly understood emotionally mentally disturbed classed lunatics bad blood treated human mental hospitals prisons patients chained patients recovered conditions effective treatment mental illness unknown result mentally ill remained hospitals died medical profession discovered mental illness number ways helping mentally ill found addition mental health experts helped community understand problems mentally ill patients patients looked individuals difficulty adjusting adapting environment mentally ill regarded individuals respond differently majority result research mentally ill patients treated success believe mental retardation mental illness conditions origins mentally retarded person form brain damage caused birth forms mental retardation caused genetic defects retarded individual difficulty learning normal intelligence intelligence measured intelligence quotient iq
body capable things act parts body informed influence activities body called stimuli feel change temperature move cold snowy street warm cozy room comfortable healthy body adjust change hear warning honk car horn cross street decide quickly danger survive body aware things parts body react correct react partsof body communicate communication partsof body accomplished interactions nervous tissue special chemicals body special chemical messengers produced organs endocrine system organs produce chemicals called endocrine glands chemical substances produced endocrine glands called hormones hormones released bloodstream delivered organs body hormones play important role coordination control regulation body processes addition influence personality development glands endocrine system change activity gland affect activities endocrine glands hormone imbalance reduce mental physical efficiency disease produced hormones occur slowly produced nervous system hormones speed body processes
pons saddlelike mass nerve fibers halves cerebellum connected pons pons acts bridge nerves running cerebrum spinal cord thalamus highest part brain stem largely overgrown cerebrum thalamus important relay center sensory impulses cerebrum hypothalamus regulates internal activities include body temperature appetite blood pressure thirst sleep recent studies shown conditions hypothalamus effect emotional states fear anger love nerve impulses thinking brain activities electrochemical nature impulses measured delicate machines patterns impulses called brain waves show differences brain wave patterns person show patterns times pattern brain waves traced paper tracing called electroencephalogram eeg studying patterns doctor determine brain diseased damaged areas brain mapped doctors doctors recorded effects brain injuries diseases operations found sensations sight hearing smell interpreted areas cerebrum voluntary muscle activity controlled regions cerebrum called motor areas electric shocks applied areas muscles move nerve cells entering brain stem spinal cord cross opposite side brain half cerebrum controls movement left side body left half cerebrum controls movement side
ear involved sense balance equilibrium fast adjustment slip begin fall sense balance alert upright sense balance keeps aware position direction pull gravity information body positions movements sensed semicircular canals ear shift position body gravity affects fluid sensitive cells canals cells react sending nerve impulses brain impulses tell brain position begin lose balance impulses warn brain brain instructs proper muscles act restore balance increase sense balance practice dancers figure skaters learn spin high speeds losing control dizzy semicircular canals readjust balance quickly rapid unfamiliar movement result motion sickness characterized dizziness nausea motion sickness caused riding car plane elevator train boat adjust unfamiliar movements overcome motion sickness remain sensitive motion medication prevent uncomfortable feelings person semicircular canals destroyed experience intense dizziness loss balance present restore semicircular canals person depend sense organs aid balance ear infection painful ear infections caused bacteria
circulatory system body transportation system carries essential materials oxygen food cells body collects waste materials carbon dioxide cells wastes eventually released environment circulatory system includes heart blood blood vessels types blood vessels carry blood body arteries veins capillaries arteries thick walled vessels carry blood enriched oxygen heart rest body artery cut blood flow spurts beat heart difficult stop bleeding artery artery wall elastic allowing expand contract blood flow contracted artery flow expanded emotional physical factors influence expansion contraction arteries veins carry blood heart blood veins low oxygen fairly high level carbon dioxide vein cut blood flows smoothly flow stopped easily artery damaged veins thinner walls muscular arteries don withstand pressure capillaries tiny blood vessels link arteries veins nutrients oxygen able pass blood walls capillaries materials enter body cells waste materials leave cells pass blood capillary walls blood substance carries needed materials blood vessels blood composed liquid plasma red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma colorless liquid
smoking cigarettes drinking alcohol overeating habit person smoking soon think watched cigarette smokers parties gatherings hold cigarette rarely draw light cigarette burning ashtray light cigarette look habitual smokers smoke continue smoke health hazards obvious course simple answers questions evidence unique smoker personality smoking behavior largely result psychological social attitudes pressures start smoking experiment begin smoke conform social environment young smoke demonstrate rebellion authority parents smoke fulfills idea wish cigarette advertisements magazines newspapers encourage start smoking pictures show attractive smoking cigarettes pleasant surroundings scenes suggest cigarette smoking natural relaxing encouraged associate cigarettes beauty masculinity youth intelligence athletic ability fashion models clean cut healthy cigarettes identified romance action vitality advertisements show harsh smoker cough public smoke filled rooms cancer wards cigarette advertisements ignore ill effects related smoking large number young begin smoke parents smoke adult admire smokes
smoking tobacco europe started columbus intrigued sight american indians inhaling tobacco smoke columbus carried tobacco plants spain portugal tobacco introduced england john rolfe husband pocahontas shipment virginia tobacco england american trade tobacco began arawak indians gave tobacco cigars inhaled nostrils europeans accepted word cigars preferred inhale mouth imitated north american indians smoked tobacco clay pipes gradually chewing tobacco tobacco mixed molasses honey snuff tobacco sniffed nose sold end seventeenth century tobacco caught europe colonial america believed smoking soothing stimulating possibly healthy early jean nicot french ambassador portugal claimed healing powers tobacco eventually plant bear nicotiana group tobacco plants belong nicotine poisonous substance tobacco named nicot smoking common questioned practice james king england early seventeenth century custom lothsome eye hatefull nose harmefull braine dangerous lungs unable turn called blacke stinking fumes antitobacco societies tried convince smoking crude bad habit practice women advertising campaigns advanced idea woman smoke public
drugs classified stimulants speed body systems stimulants excite user person awake general speed metabolism user active usual opposite depressant narcotic drugs share range effects drugs amphetamines common type stimulant sold prescription number names benzedrine dexedrine drugs control appetite wish lose weight need remain active alert normal periods amphetamines effective weight control soon drugs withdrawn eating habits tend return weight quickly put amphetamines abused supposedly legitimate reasons maintain wakefulness called ups speed pep pills pleasure produce excitement intense feelings cases produce hallucinations user hear smell taste things obtained amphetamines wears user comes user experience equally intense feelings depression exhaustion amphetamines generally physical dependence withdrawal sickness create emotional dependence larger larger amounts needed effect extended period amphetamines produce paranoid psychosis delusion user persecuted threatened attacked acting drug induced fears user violently attack called persecutors
agencies involved control fraudulent health practices quackery difficult area control conduct legal suit witness hard convince poeple testify medical fraud embarrassed involved fraudulent practice quack promote health frauds hard find post office box number move town town sell number products addresses impossible track quacks problem length involved bringing case court getting decision took ftc ten manufacturers vitamin supplement stop words iron power case began investigation ended company advertising agency agreed delete words difficult control health fraud number involved operations health frauds include counter products gadgets diets products practices involved impossible investigate health consumer number choices active consumer alert types fraudulent schemes believe product legitimate report fact consumer organization mail advertise false claims report united states postal service wish check credentials called doctor call local medical society branch ama
disease abnormal condition body characterized specific signs symptoms infection disease caused invasion body organism organisms capable causing infection called pathogens disease caused pathogens called infectious disease infectious diseases caused microorganisms microorganisms celled organisms seen microscope pathogens enter human body food grow excrete wastes reproduce poisonous substances released pathogens body systems called toxins toxins upset body functions infection tends follow definite pattern body result infection tissues red hot swollen painful cells destroyed symptoms fever rash nausea diarrhea frequently infection communicable disease spread person communicable disease spreads easily quickly person called contagious disease heard chronic disease chronic diseases condition worsens goes diseases effects lifelong chronic diseases caused pathogens forms chronic disease arthritis caused pathogens types organisms infectious diseases microorganisms types multicellular organisms infection bacteria microorganisms plantlike characteristics instance bacterial cells cell wall plant cells bacteria live intestines beneficial human beings disease harmful bacteria invade cells grow surfaces cells
corrosive poisons lye ammonia acids burn tissues corrosive poisoning mucous membranes mouth show whitish patches scales induce vomiting poison suspected corrosive acids partially neutralized glass water teaspoonfuls milk magnesia added area mouth affected wash water soothe damaged membranes administer ml mixture mineral oil olive oil egg white melted butter corrosives lye neutralized teaspoon lemon juice vinegar added glass water give water milk give victim inducing vomiting administer glass milk egg whites ml olive oil soothe digestive tract vomiting desirable poison petroleum product kerosene read label carefully labels list petroleum product inert ingredient poisons diluted neutralized antidote eliminated inducing vomiting person swallowed kerosene gasoline petroleum product give water drink patient doctor hospital immediately remains suspected poisoning agent poison identified poison corrosive petroleum product victim vomit induce vomiting finger spoon handle mouth pressed throat vomiting begins victim face head lower hips prevent vomit entering lungs
living creatures human beings need food air water place live deprived needs period die human totally dependent environment consists air water plants animals rely food study relationship living things environment called ecology ecology includes study relationships living things understanding ecology important activities placing greater demands environment activities changing environment unfavorably result damage lakes streams forests animal population developed countries united states demands needs need food air water shelter want things automobiles air conditioners television sets refrigerators gadgets comfortable need things live human race survived thousands huge amount resources needed provide extras places strain environment ecology concerned resources environment demands living things resources ecological relationships pond studied amount oxygen water concentrations mineral nutrients measured types numbers creatures living pond quickly reproduce food sources determined occur ecology pond dead plant material builds bottom pond oxygen decompose
environmental pollution directly affects human health increased air pollution cities means respiratory disease cities rural areas smog found chemicals linked lung cancer addition smog generally quantities sulfur dioxide gas transformed moisture sunlight sulphuric acid wonder person eyes water smoggy los period doctors advised leave city health reasons damage health air pollution estimated cost billion dollars property damage damage seen dirty buildings corroded metal ruined crops cost damage health impossible measure america running fresh water actually fresh water running clean drinkable fresh water estimated americans directly indirectly liters water person industry manufacturing products meet consumer demand population consumption goods increases water increases water pollution takes forms water unfit pollutants form sewage salt silt acid drainage mines chemicals oils assorted animal vegetable products rural areas pesticides fertilizers pollute water addition thermal pollution seriously damaged plant animal bodies water thermal pollution caused water river lake cool machinery heated water returned river la
direct water affects keeps alive able live days worry getting water need conveniently faucet wonder water faucet comes tap water towns cities ranches farms carried water main large pipe connects house storage place water storage place large tank top tower river large natural artificial lake called reservoir areas water supply reservoirs communities water wells springs communities island york plains western mississippi valley underground water holes drilled underground supplies water pumped surface later book read underground water find important concentrate water surface earth water empties reservoirs comes streams names streams sizes largest streams called rivers smallest rills creeks runs kills brooks local names streams thing common water follows definite path water spills sidewalk stream set path reaches gutter called stream
concerned mainly pebbles mud solid materials carried streams streams carry materials small seen materials mainly rocks soil water flows water slowly dissolves substances rocks soil dissolved substances called salts sodium chloride table salt kind salt find potato chips pretzels kinds salts expect dissolved salts water stream lake taste salty don salt stream lake taste mouthful ocean water taste salt ocean water times salt fresh water ocean salty water comes rivers key evaporation evaporation means change water liquid form vapor heat required evaporate water heat warms oceans comes sun takes heat higher temperatures evaporate salt water salts remain oceans huge amounts water evaporating oceans evaporated water forms clouds eventually falls earth rain snow water returns oceans travels overland sea picks salts evaporates salts left amount water oceans remains salts building
earth crust thin layer terms size earth deepest drill holes reach km pretty deep hole drill small fraction distance center earth hundredth meterstick represented earth radius deepest drill hole mm deep able observe directly material beneath crust draw conclusions indirect evidence educated guesses figure shows cross section main layers earth talk mainly makes crust regolith term loose material top bedrock rocks minerals mineral natural nonliving substance fixed chemical makeup specific crystal structure kind crystal atoms element combination elements minerals identified crystal structures mineral quartz hexagonal crystal structure pure form quartz called silica quartz crystals solely silicon oxygen atoms silicon atom surrounded triangular sides oxygen atoms corners look figure notice shape crystal corner oxygen atoms free join atom means silica combine easily variety elements reason silica found minerals minerals silica called silicates
remember radiant energy sun called insolation kinds insolation light kind radiant energy insolation reaches sun type insolation rays infrared rays radio waves kinds radiant energy sun sun main source kinds radiation sun source candles light bulbs fireworks sources visible radiation light ray tube source rays seen infrared lamp food warm sun sources radiant energy forms radiant energy things common travel notice walk candle light equally bright sides occurs light emitted equally directions radiant energy behaves kinds radiant energy travel speed km sec imagine plane fast circle earth times course plane fast known travel fast radiant energy chapter discussed insolation atmosphere affect order understand atmosphere earth affects radiant energy understand behavior radiant energy let think light form radiant energy tried explain nature light sir isaac newton english scientist
earth atmosphere consists percent nitrogen percent oxygen percent gases water vapor makes part percent figures relate pure clean air include industrial pollution part atmosphere atmosphere small amount water vapor relation rest gases amount varies place place water vapor areas driest deserts water vapor found surface warmest oceans water vapor km earth surface km earth surface water disappears atmosphere molecules water vapor affected shortwave radiation km km earth surface radiation breaks water molecules atoms hydrogen oxygen hydrogen escapes space oxygen changed ozone recall ozone absorbs filters dangerous shortwave ultraviolet rays sun rays reach earth kill organisms harmful kill organisms scientists believe exposure shortwave ultraviolet rays blindness believe exposure rays increases frequency skin cancer importance ozone existence danger comes hydrocarbons unburned fuels jet engines unburned fuels combine oxygen ozone layer atmosphere result ozone destroyed
water vapor condense clouds dew point clouds occur altitudes high altitude clouds form thin wispy clouds ice particles condense thick billowy clouds summer days middle clouds middle clouds found altitudes earth surface clouds produced warm moist air cools dew point condensation begins bottom moves upward top cloud low clouds found altitudes earth surface layered clouds clouds develop vertically seen thick cumulus clouds cumulonimbus clouds thunderheads fall category fog occurs small water droplets form close earth surface droplets small remain suspended air fog cloud touches ground sea suppose walk cloud walk fog realize visibility limited fog aware moist quality air water vapor condensed clouds return earth surface precipitation precipitation produced coalescence ice crystal process water droplets cloud small coalescence occur droplets supported rising air currents droplets fall short distances friction droplets rising air carries upward collisions occur water droplets cloud
crust earth thin layer rocks beneath oceans crust km thick principally basalts beneath continents crust varies thickness thicker ocean crust continental crust thickest mountain chains km thick broad plains middle parts north america crust km thick thick crust granite rocks geologists believe rocks rest part crust continuation ocean crust ago geologists believed crust continuous skin wrapped parts earth reason believe crust earth composed dozen huge plates rocks plates attached edges close contact beneath crust thick part earth called mantle figure geologists learned direct observation mantle learned careful study earthquakes volcanoes plates rocks crust float upper mantle piece wood floats water plates shift positions happens depends direction movement plates press edges turn produces mountains cascades sierras western coastal states plates collide sediments squeezed series folds
mississippi valley dry land hundred million ago broad shallow seaway figure region present gulf mexico extended inland interior canada north american continent slowly lifted sea bottom dry land figure newly emerged land smooth gentle slope land emerges water edges continent called coastal plain gulf mexico east coast broad coastal plain upper mississippi valley things happened land emerged sea longer called coastal plain plain parts ridden glaciers million called glaciated plain original coastal plain greatly changed rivers streams flowed altered plain called interior plain flanking river stream kind plain level ground flooded river area called floodplain agricultural lands found floodplains floodplains egypt farmed river rises covers floodplain replenishes land leaves thin film rich silt food plants plantations mississippi river depend richness silt support crops cotton food
ice formations greenland ice antarctica mountain glaciers masses ice british columbia alaska mountain glaciers called ice sheets ice sheets remains extensive sheets ice ago north america northwestern europe sheets ice km thick look figure heavy white line marks southern limit ice sheet united states spread southward ohio missouri rivers covered chicago reached st louis england ice ancestors lakes hidden broad belt possibly wide km bordered ice covered low cold hardy plants plants found today shores arctic ocean tree line rockies farther ice cool forests sort found today canada east ice sheet reached ocean entered island york terminal moraine martha vineyard nantucket cape cod massachusetts fishing banks coast maine south nova scotia submerged moraine ice sheet disappeared united states ago left continental canada ago land continental ice sheets traveled covered layer ground moraine places moraine thin patches domes smoothly polished bedrock iowa ground moraine thick
water deep ocean floor cold places ago oceanographers found large pits floor red sea africa arabian peninsula bottom water hot pits lie fault africa asia recently hot spots found faults radiate crest eastern pacific rise figure series hot spots found north galapagos islands coast ecuador tip baja california mexico hot spots cooler hot spots found red sea animals live water kind animal living absolute darkness resemble kind animals found shallow sunlit water variety instruments study ocean floor small submersibles allow oceanographers directly study oceans echo sounding measure ocean depth continuous profile ocean floor average depth oceans deeper average height land continental platforms consist continents continental shelves continental slopes base continental platforms continental rise deepest parts ocean abyssal plains system mid ocean ridges runs oceans mid ocean rift extends length ridge system basaltic lava oozes cracks rift material part ocean floor pushes older ocean floor sides ridge theory ocean floor spreading
hot molten magma breaks earth crust pours lava say volcanic eruption place eruptions classified quiet explosive quiet eruptions produce lava sheets spread surface vents vents lava oozes situated deep faults lava hot dissolved water flows freely solidified lava makes smooth land surface close examination flow ropy appearance hawaiian kind lava pahoehoe cooler dry lava rougher texture breaks blocks tumble forward flow fragmented lava flows called aa hawaiian active lava flow outer crust looks black solid cracks dull red glow plastic rock heart flow look hot black shell flow hundred degrees celsius comes contact advancing front lava smokes chars bursts flame hot flow lava reaches shore enters sea large lake water boils cools lava rapidly cooled lava forms pillows rock conditions surface lava flow hardens forms solid roof innermost lava fluid eruption slows lava joins stream fluid rock flow solid roof happens lava tunnel left huge lava tunnel found rainbow falls hilo hawaii rainbow falls tumbles thick roof tunnel splashes large pool extends tunnel
kind volcano formed alternate explosive quiet eruptions called composite strato volcanoes mount hood oregon quiet period volcano explodes ejects huge amounts scoria gas pressures subsided quiet flow occurs flow originate crater filled overflowing lava molten rock finds weak place side cone leaks cone alternate layers tephra lava definite relationship kind eruption takes place kind lava violence eruption depends amount gases dissolved lava dry lava produces quiet flow lava dissolved gas including water vapor makes explosive eruption cinder cone quiet flows involve basalt learned chapter dark colored rock fine grained distinguish individual mineral grains crystals hand lens free quartz rock low melting point totally free water possibly saturated water explosive lava produces light colored volcanic rock called rhyolite learned rhyolite essentially granite rock mineral grains small rarely seen hand lens rhyolite high melting point dry possibly high considerable amount dissolved water lowers melting point dissolved water rhyolite produces magma full dissolved steam highly explosive
study precambrian handicapped reasons reason occurred ago sediments metamorphic rock precambrian rocks igneous metamorphic heating bending sedimentary rocks precambrian changed rocks destroyed fossils reason hard study precambrian early part seas composed single celled small plants animals sea produces fossils difficult study visible known fossils precambrian rounded masses limestone produced kind algae kind algae exists today lives lakes oceans forms similar limestone masses easily discovered smaller forms deposit lime despite lack fossil evidence geologists believe kinds existed early era earliest period paleozoic era cambrian cambrian rocks formed abundance easily recognized seas figure evidence today suggests land cambrian period simple plants lichens growing rocks evidence support guess important fossils cambrian period trilobites curious animals extinct characteristic cambrian period early paleozoic era trilobites survived late paleozoic era rare
seen region rains heavily streams large areas kind middle appalachians puerto rico smaller regions kind scattered mexico united states canada bedrock regions consists thick layer limestone lack surface streams areas rainfall sinks openings limestone streams regions flow underground surface openings limestone called joints kinds rocks exhibit jointing joint large crack rock joints run horizontally vertically diagonally jointing limestone occurs formation limestone forms sea composed chiefly calcite layers sediment build ocean floor bottom layers squeezed forces water grains calcite squeezing removal water cements particles sediment form solid rock water left forming limestone limestone buried deeper deeper heats dries shrinks shrinking limestone crack joint joints range centimeters meters rock affected weathering conditions formation limestone forms underwater weathers rapidly exposed atmosphere chemical substance limestone calcium carbonate calcite calcium carbonate slightly soluble pure water water naturally comes contact limestone chemically pure water gases including traces soluble substances soil soil additional carbon dioxide decaying plant material
rats desert sinking ship sailors insist say seen sliding ropes escape doomed ship farmers predict mild severe winter observing behavior animals scientists sure answers questions zoo tientsin china animals acted strangely swans left water tigers stopped pacing panda held head moaned tientsin snakes left holes cows horses stalls rats ran buildings mean animals supersensitive vibrations electrical currents chinese scientists considered animals behavior warning scientists predictions based scientific data tientsin scientific equipment coming tremor local magnetic field electrical conductivity changing groundwater held increased amounts radon radon radioactive gas formed decaying uranium rocks rocks expand earthquake gas increased groundwater ground faults land began bulge upward unfortunately signs tremendous earthquake early chinese instrument show direction quake observer stood predicting earthquake young science past ten plate tectonics theory shed light theory holds tremors happen edges earth lithospheric plates scientists tell quakes likely place soviet geologists noted velocity waves quake hits waves normal
metal fuel burning civilization built vanishing asset riches accumulated hundreds millions earth crust drive store buy groceries set thermostat higher cold winter stop think cars thermostats generations ago exist generations disappeared price gallon gasoline times greater twenty ago fuel oil electricity expensive today natural resources scarcer society faced choice continue live big cars air conditioned homes overheated public buildings try terms environment words heavy type glossary pages begin resources sparingly thought tomorrow develop forms energy develop kinds raw materials earth able supply abundantly say lucky live age machines power abundant food comfortable homes ask luck earth passes oil coal earth crust fewer fish sea soil pure air clean water consume things growing numerous mouths feed homes heat cool aircraft flying cars roads
course earth moves sun path called orbit earth spinning top giving night exposes sun rays hides top generally stands vertically ground axis earth leans look closely globe northern hemisphere tropic cancer southern hemisphere tropic capricorn live tropic cancer find sun directly overhead noon longest june live tropic capricorn sun overhead noon december sun appears move lines overhead tropic cancer june equator september overhead tropic capricorn december equator march summer lands south equator winter winter summer temperatures experience due entirely season height sun sky strongly influenced height land sea level distance sea winds equator africa mount kenya rises feet sea level equatorial africa hottest parts mount kenya snow summit quito city ecuador lies close equator high plateau temperatures consider cool
learned climate varies earth surface journey united states moist climate change gradually dry climate cool summers mild winters change hot summers cold winters change sudden gradual regularity pattern wide areas climate varies major climate areas maps pages reduce climates meet earth surface eleven types climate region climates warm hot pages regions found distance equator rest cool cold part pages areas found higher latitudes lastly explained terms factors studied chapter intensity sunshine wind direction distance sea feature look chapter vegetation closely dependent climate surprised learn region type climate likely type natural vegetation speak natural vegetation think primarily crops farmers grow fields depend climate think vegetation forest grassland scrub appeared earth
prosperity brazilian rubber barons lasted able producers natural rubber control indefinitely young rubber plants smuggled country sri lanka grew hot humid climate brazil sri lanka rubber plants malaya east indies grown parts africa homes rubber trees grown plantations forests cleared trees set straight rows ground clean free growth trees tapped regularly carefully care rubber fully grown trees cut replaced close plantations houses plantation managers workers buildings latex hardened lumps crude rubber rubber plantations cheaper purer collected forests amazon surprising demand fell wild rubber industry brazil extinct grass grew streets manaus rubber tree needs temperature annual rainfall inches cm equatorial forests conditions rubber plantations established equatorial forest regions southeast asia quickly important today thirds natural rubber comes forests malaysia indonesia
united states longer leading oil producer output exceeded soviet union saudi arabia middle eastern countries produce half times oil united states oil petroleum essential modern society automobile principal means transportation crude oil found areas earth crust middle east china asia large nation india oil powerful industrial country japan growing scarcity oil reflected prices pay filling station heating homes hesitate turning thermostat think going car ride rising price oil led careful exploration earth crust discovery oil beneath shallow seas continents obtained oil sea coasts texas louisiana southern california beginning drill coast jersey recently oil found shallow seas western europe waters southeastern asia south america cost drilling oil seas immense stormy huge drilling platforms costly deal oil beneath seas expensive extract need oil countries surplus exported immense political advantage
present century branches manufacture developed branches declined result towns risen downhill older ironworking centers eastern pennsylvania decayed newer centers grew ohio indiana illinois later textile industries england began fall mills sprang south fear economic decline resulting unemployment troubled cities nineteenth century continuing problems facing city leaders develop industries place declined successful reading pennsylvania manufacture goods everyday place vanishing iron industry unsuccessful textile industry england mill towns dropped workers left jobs industries turn decayed mining centers ghost towns city grows demand water early days local river provided fresh water soon tap underground sources reach distant mountains water large cities rarely grow mountains lie densely settled areas smaller cities adds need water york water distant catskill adirondack mountains boston water mountains england chicago takes water lake michigan rivers larger cities lie able supply water cities dumping raw sewage industrial waste streams rivers gathered banks
iron smelting carried eastern part appalachian system iron ore eastern pennsylvania york smelted anthracite scranton anthracite longer purpose early sites smelting industry important iron steel production cities allentown bethlehem inside ridge valley region eastern pennsylvania large steel industry opening appalachian coalfield huge deposits coking coal drew iron smelting industry westward pittsburgh chief center river valleys allegheny plateau barges bring coal coke city iron ore mines nearby today iron industry widespread pittsburgh remains important center youngstown johnstown weirton centers industry problem faces iron industry appalachia shortage iron ore remains plenty coal deposits iron ore large ore today brought area major sources large deposits highgrade ore shores lake superior highlands eastern canada end nineteenth century mines opened lake superior lake steamers began bring ore ports lake erie overland rail smelting centers pittsburgh area ore deposits lake superior region rapidly nearing exhaustion place ore brought ship st lawrence river labrador
northern edge south climate suitable cotton summers hot growing season spring frost fall frost dangerously short cotton fields seen western tennessee western kentucky disappeared southern illinois tennessee kentucky southern missouri northern arkansas thought cotton country mixed farming takes areas farmers grow corn tobacco raise cattle bluegrass nashville basins tobacco widely grown crops farm barn drying tobacco leaves grazing land cattle dairy animal farming important nashville bluegrass basins fruit vegetables special crops important strawberries grown arkansas tennessee south industrial area nineteenth century factories sheds cotton ginned baled tobacco packed market industries appearing business discovers reasons settling south reason south plenty land factories spread wide crowded buildings workers plentiful parts country wage rates lower raw materials industries hand southern markets growing reason industry growing south natural resources nineteenth century coal needed power industries today factories electricity oil natural gas change suits south coal rivers large deposits oil natural gas
white settlers west found small number indians forests mountains northern rockies columbia plateau lived tribes hunting fishing indians semidesert areas southwest hopi navajo tribes indians lived villages adobe houses edges steep sided buttes mesas living ancestral homes irrigation grow corn sun baked valleys arizona northern part region settled journey midwest plains hunters trappers traded indians built posts skins animals traded factory goods east search land farm thinly settled west live exactly wished mormons settled foot wasatch range basin soil water irrigate fields founded salt lake city established mormon community flourishes today southwest spanish missionaries spanish settlers mexico today spanish influence remains strong places spanish names albuquerque santa fe tucson pronounced spaniards pronounced european settlers west discovery gold gold found foothills sierra nevada california gold rush began thousands hopeful prospectors crossed country wagons horse foot
germany smaller neighbors switzerland austria closely middle ages formed part german empire switzerland broke austria remained part germany beginning nineteenth century incorporated germany hitler german language spoken austria thirds switzerland speak german chapter concerned german language area central europe germany today divided separate political units end war ii germany partitioned zones occupation divided occupying powers united states britain france soviet union western zones germany gained independence federal republic germany eastern zone known german democratic republic closely tied soviet union divisions country popularly referred west germany east germany midst east germany city berlin largest city country occupying powers wanted control part city divided zones today zones berlin occupied americans british french cut west germany surrounded communist controlled territory western sectors berlin supplied west food raw materials industries comes road west traffic liable interrupted east germans let examine country today makes german republics
rome capital italy modern buildings city ruins buildings ancient rome palaces monuments medieval renaissance rome vatican city small independent suburb tiber cathedral st peter vatican home pope headquarters roman catholic church rome plains found italy part swamp recent reclaimed farmed rich soils occur farther south city naples area volcanic activity mount vesuvius carries plume smoke summit land miles periodically coated gray dust discharged volcano dust fertile italian farmers sweep roads spread fields pile vines map page south italy shaped boot large instep heel apulia toe calabria apulia dry plateau unsuited agriculture calabria mountainous sicily football kicked foot italy island mountainous huge active volcano mount etna fertile densely populated island cultivated produces citrus fruit olives grain large cities palermo messina sardinia lies tyrrhenian sea west italian peninsula mountainous island forested population remains small
side danube lies bulgaria country engaged ariculture industry greatly developed romania mountainous country climate extremes ranges mountains stretch west east bulgaria balkan mountains north rhodope mountains south west ranges rugged mountain region mountain ranges valley maritsa river flows aegean sea heart modern bulgaria larger cities including plovdiv capital sofia lies route westward maritsa valley belgrade north balkan mountains region lowland slopes gradually danube bulgaria agricultural country half population million works land bulgars skilled gardeners grow large quantities fruit produce sell central europe chief cereal crop corn grows hot bulgarian summers sunflowers source vegetable oil grapes grown wine dry export currants raisins known agricultural product bulgaria roses grown fields tundzha valley valley roses making perfume south hungary lies yugoslavia largest countries southeastern europe studied chapter farming country manufacturing industries growing importance northern yugoslavia includes part hungarian plain region flat rolling drained danube sava
human race lives china country large densely populated rich resources developing manufacturing industries building cities powerful country learned earlier mountain ranges radiate pamirs rugged highland region boundaries india pakistan afghanistan soviet union china meet saw mountain ranges reach eastward northeastward pamirs form boundaries china himalayas separate china india eastward continuation lies china countries southeast asia boundary soviet union runs tien shan altai sayan mountains north china lie khingan mountains gobi desert map illustration protected mountains deserts china able period thousand develop unique civilization china size united states land immense variety highest mountains plateaus extensive alluvial plains china giant scale floods disastrous droughts severe parts divide china number distinct regions note mountains plateaus west plains east read section words tibet xizang word parentheses xizang pinyin system spelling chinese names system reflects chinese pronunciation names chapter pinyin spelling parentheses mention chinese
chinese civilization older americas europe manufacturing carried thousands immense skill attention artistic effect middle ages europe importing silk china eighteenth century chinese produced finest porcelain products craft industries china sought west recent factory industries present century western skill capital brought intensive development textile industries cotton silk mills larger cities canton shanghai tientsin tianjing development suits chinese hundreds training production cloth raw materials cotton silk wool large home market goods iron steel industry growing rapidly plants manchuria peking shanghai pao baotou wu han deep interior country chinese increased annual steel production million tons million tons million period twenty china largest producer iron steel chinese ways industrial development soviet union results china beginning industrial growth expect faster expansion future certainty extent mineral resources china coalfields found large areas interior lack modern means transportation prevents coal widely distributed
satellites put space left earth atmosphere completely free earth gravity orbited earth passing countries turn carried equipment able send television pictures earth receivers land country send satellites space able spy sky watching activities friends enemies alike space satellites move clearly accepted sovereignty high seas lie jurisdiction individual countries country laid claim space tried restrict control orbiting satellites countries number satellites kind centralized control space desirable security living earth political leaders begun think problem earth atmosphere lie bodies solar system include moon nearest bodies planets moons planets move orbits sun orbited moons saturn ten moons rocket broken clear earth pull navigated moon planet astronauts flown moon landings surface mars planets nearest earth scientists able study surface mars photographs satellite planet jupiter studied satellite photographs
learn places earth country parts ways learning earth look look window earth school top mountain earth space earth half earth true answer earth shape earth ball look ball notice half ball played miniature racing cars toy trucks dolls models real things look real things important difference models smaller model airplane shown photograph top page look real airplane shown kinds models learn globe model earth picture bottom left shows earth space globe bottom shows half earth things learn globe direction look picture globe shown page find north pole north pole special place northern place earth
let scale map opposite page map school map drawn big real size school map smaller school look key map find numbered line called scale scale helps find big place helps find place scale map tells inch map stands feet real school say map scale inch feet ruler find school map inches inch stands feet add groups real school feet section map school school part community community place live play communities places rivers river body water moving sea lake sea large body salt water community shown map page lake lake body fresh water land find lake lake body land water call body land island map shows mountains mountain land rises high land
states country states large alaska texas california largest states states small rhode island delaware connecticut smallest states find states map pages put finger size states california states alaska fewest physical feature part earth rivers lakes seas mountains physical features florida peninsula water parts states peninsulas islands rivers lakes states islands ocean hawaii entirely islands hawaii located pacific ocean states colorado high mountains large part country flat miles miles flat grasslands land called plains nebraska plains states border touch atlantic ocean jersey south carolina states states touch atlantic ocean borders pacific ocean california coastline states border pacific largest states borders arctic ocean northernmost alaska mexico country south united states canada country north united states canada mexico part continent north america continent large body land
bill joe shelly wanted learn places morristown area area land miles community bill find companies joe shelly decided learn lot company bill mrs reilly companies learn start mrs reilly answered try chamber commerce group business information companies products product company makes find address chamber commerce telephone book send letter como glad help days later bill received package mail package como full material companies morristown bill found big companies morristown small companies places business learn decided chart show largest companies area bill showed companies bill chart joe shelly told mrs reilly wanted learn lot company mrs reilly asked company wanted study shelly answered yes saw books company located morris township think silver burdett company fun books mrs reilly called silver burdett company talked miss teffeau
betty david susan tommy wanted learn seeing eye school trains dog guides blind located morristown bonnie david big sister helps raise train dogs club projects clubs find ways help communities david told betty susan tommy sister bonnie high school puppy feeds puppy takes care helps train puppies stay seeing eye takes dog bonnie puppy seen town walking dogs betty mom told dogs guides blind let bonnie class tell seeing eye bonnie told david sure love talk class don call whitstock seeing eye send friends information whitstock able bring trained dogs class betty david susan tommy received material seeing eye mail whitstock called told david visit class asked david friends read material tell students seeing eye whitstock bonnie answer questions class want ask whitstock bonnie class students reported seeing eye david told class raising puppies seeing eye
susan told class seeing eye school school shows blind dogs takes month learn need blind person learn care dog owner learn follow dog give commands dog blind person need blind trained susan finished report introduced bonnie bonnie told class puppies living club members want members help raise puppies raise puppies club members jersey raising puppies club members pennsylvania puppies members raise puppies adults raise puppies whitstock dog guide named juno surprise want meet freddy puppy going raise trained juno whitstock room led juno whitstock answered students questions explained greatest problem dog owners want pet talk dog takes dog mind job whitstock asked members class raise puppy told students parents call need home puppies
chapter learned large cities chapter learn smaller communities called towns towns united states towns mountains located rivers oceans towns farmlands americans live towns country author book lives small town named humble humble southeastern texas located miles houston look map pages find city houston houston largest city texas humble suburb houston communities large cities called suburbs town humble named named pleasant humble lived area hundred ago humble ran ferryboat nearby san jacinto river river supplied early settlers fish water humble set post office helped deliver mail lived soon letters lived area humble humble town communities united states named community read chapter natural resources helped cities grow natural resources helped smaller communities grow area humble middle forest large pine oak trees grew settlers area built sawmills machines sawmills cut trees boards boards build homes stores buildings soon train lines built carry wood humble communities
humble ride horses horses stables stable barns horses live barns workers stables feed care horses owners horses stables ride horses fields ride horses salt grass trail ride trail ride trip horseback planned route salt grass trail ride riders texas states riders mexico canada riders meet sunday cat spring texas travel center houston distance miles km takes riders days ride horses salt grass trail ride trail rides place exciting houston livestock show rodeo read livestock show rodeo chapter trail rides comes houston direction trail boss salt grass trail ride named gene beckendorff important job choose campsites places riders camp spend night sure plenty food sure riders travel beckendorff tells salt grass trail ride sun rises food cooking campfires stoves smells morning load wagons saddle horses start ride
night camp riders put tents sleep trucks campers eat food cooked fire taste nights trail fun ride bear creek park wednesday afternoon park miles km downtown houston big dance bear creek park houston dance ride houston pass schools students horses wagons busy highway spend thursday night memorial park meet riders trail rides trail riders spend night memorial park morning saddle ride downtown houston bands floats join rodeo parade schools closed lets parade enjoy parade funny ride horses huge buildings trail ride ends parade riders stay houston livestock show rodeo load horses vans drive home friends trail ride live humble houston called commuters commute travel regularly homes suburbs city commuters drive cars ride buses share cars roads highways happens try drive roads
united states large country kinds natural resources forests farmlands lakes rivers wild flowers wildlife kind natural resource minerals mineral substance found earth coal iron gold copper minerals minerals surface earth minerals buried deep ground minerals earth digging called mining chapter read cities began reasons cities began grew important natural resources community resources plenty water soil minerals deep ground natural resources helped community develop chapter learn communities important natural resources community read large deposits coal coal valuable mineral black rock burn burned coal makes energy form heat heat coal warm home place business heat burning coal run large motors electricity electricity form energy light heat electricity turn electric lights coal important fuels fuel burned heat power running machines coal found continent found states united states map page shows location coalfields united states
think happens oil ground goes refinery refinery machines oil pure oil changed products oil refineries oil moved oil refinery oil oil products moved refineries community railroad tank cars trucks ships called tankers transport petroleum moving oil pipelines pipeline welding pipes pipelines miles km pipeline feet ground pipeline built ground pumps push petroleum pipeline pipeline crosses alaska largest difficult pipelines build crosses rivers streams mountains trans alaska pipeline stretches miles km united states petroleum nation produce oil need buy oil countries oil buy comes saudi arabia find saudi arabia map pages saudi arabian oil pumped wells pipelines port cities ports oil large storage tanks oil held tanks pipelines tankers huge ships carry millions gallons oil united states tankers carry saudi arabian oil nations
conservation idea ago president theodore roosevelt interested conservation young sick boy spent doors walked forests full wild flowers plants tall trees watched birds wild animals learned names saw lived learned animals need plants food doors teddy roosevelt body stronger taught things nature learned care land president roosevelt wanted protect america natural resources talked members congress need conservation congress group picked laws united states laws rules obey president congress millions acres beautiful forest land national forests national forest belongs buy land rangers care national forests government decide trees cut left standing rangers plant trees guard forest fires fire start quickly put theodore roosevelt president land national forests national parks americans remember president helped understand important natural resources care today showing care earth cities atlanta georgia pittsburgh pennsylvania worked air cleaner worked hard clean polluted waters hudson river york lake erie worked laws passed protecting kinds wildlife
visited museum kinds museums learn sports space travel art asia baseball clocks gold miners museums find information subjects museum places learn word means place muses muses greek goddesses art knowledge greeks ago believed art field knowledge goddess muses poetry music history astronomy study stars planets place muses set art knowledge museums today longer beliefs goddesses knowledge museums egypt city alexandria built greek king ruled egypt ago king ptolemy king ptolemy museum differed museums today place teach visitors place scholars artists lived museum wrote books discussed plants planets meeting rooms shaded walks gardens talk important library king ptolemy later rulers power books library bought books lands days printing machines book carefully written bound hand entering egypt book give library
ptolemy thought lands divided continents africa asia europe understand reason look africa map page locate alexandria egypt ptolemy lived looking city alexandria easy think continents land masses divided seas mediterranean red seas separate africa europe asia small strip land known isthmus sinai peninsula today suez canal runs isthmus europe partly separated continents mediterranean aegean black seas clearly looking map eurasia pages north black sea large bodies water divide europe asia hard say europe ends asia begins viewed asia europe appears peninsula larger continent reason speak continents single land mass eurasia ptolemy deal land north black sea map page shows thought land narrower actually part today follow dividing land speak europe continent think ural mountains boundary europe asia today parts shown ptolemy map counting europe asia separately continents continents africa north america south america australia antarctica
picture opposite page shows left city nippur mound crumbling brick modern building stands top built ago scholars searching ruins ruins nippur left city began ago thousands lived gleaming temple stood brick platform crumbling mound desert place gardens green fields barley wheat left ruins southern iraq country southwest asia happened bring change thing river changed course today ancient times iraq desert watered rivers tigris euphrates flow mountains highlands turkey iraq persian gulf find rivers map page waters euphrates ran alongside walls nippur nippur built canals river city small boats dock inside walls canals carried water irrigate fields walls today euphrates miles remains nippur bake desert sun euphrates river change course springtime floods rush highlands euphrates washes tons soil flat river plain river flows flatlands water moves slowly soil water called silt settles bottom river bed gradually fills stream flows plain cutting channels
power rome grew foreign lands ruled include ancient carthage map page eastern mediterranean kings ruled alexander empire fought warring kings turned rome support discovered rome helped rome controlled alps rome conquered europe north rhine danube rivers north danube romans ruled dacia today dacia country called romania land romans ruled britain map shows lands rome ruled shows roman roads knit scattered lands empire continents europe africa asia today countries empire roman empire surrounded mediterranean sea mediterranean sea means sea middle land romans mediterranean truly middle sea empire rome small city republic began kind government worked rome remained small consuls elected rule governed city consuls lead armies army armed band citizens fought home changed rome empire grew soldiers served months generals conquered kingdoms north africa asia powerful popular heroes returned soldiers rome able control elections general elected consul times constitution civil war means fighting country broke
empire romans lasted works lasted longer part modern works include ideas reforms improve romans builders ruled empire roman works europe asia africa reform brought julius caesar calendar caesar realized egyptian calendar rome thought improved asked greek scholar alexandria calendar solar days scholar suggested plan caesar later augustus adopted roman calendar improved calendar calendar days divided months fourth days added end february calendar february days fourth gains extra call leap takes care extra solar months remind calendar began july named julius caesar august augustus romans invent alphabet borrowed etruscans neighboring turn borrowed alphabet greeks greeks borrowers borrowed phoenicians eastern mediterranean land call lebanon alphabets borrowed times invented read chapter mesopotamia marks sounds marks syllable
cities gifts nature works build city change earth surface materials earth wood clay stone houses shops streets stone sand iron asphalt build roads railways connect cities build bridges streams dig ditches drain water western europe live cities plato farmers herders cities north mountain walls today cities europe cities larger ancient times athens seventeen times plato lived largest european cities north mountains paris times larger modern athens london nearly times big country western europe today cities million cities change earth surface change air surface stoves factories automobiles today cities put tons waste matter air putting wastes air called air pollution started building fires polluted air amount pollution grown rapidly recent case pollution caused lead lead harmful living things burning coal making metals put small particles lead air amount lead air greatly increased happened lead added gasoline burned automobile engines
russian rivers flow black sea receives waters danube river southeastern europe read chapter danube begins mountains west germany sources rhine rivers flow opposite directions rhine runs northwest north sea danube flows southeast black sea danube flows touches countries read west germany austria part western europe danube runs mountainous areas south balkans europe southern peninsulas balkan peninsula includes countries eastern europe albania bulgaria part yugoslavia greece country tip peninsula part western europe north danube lie hook shaped carpathian mountains nestled inside hook hungarian plain includes hungary parts eastern european countries czechoslovakia part yugoslavia romania remember named romans danube flows hungarian plain gap carpathian balkan mountain ranges gap known iron gate iron gate river flows slowly romanian plain mouth black sea hundred ago austrian composer wrote waltz beautiful blue danube waltz famous piece music river danube beautiful river wastes dumped waters
tsar government fell peasants took estates large landholders divided land small family holdings lenin communists encouraged taking land communists declared land peasants peasants understood land peasants meant land family learned differently later communists believed common ownership land thought peasants hold land groups individuals families communists forced peasants combine individual plots land large collective farms members collective farm worked land owned machinery equipment group divided collective farm produced according communists preferred collective farms reasons government control peasants collectives millions small farms communists thought family farms small poor machinery collective farms supposed tractors machines fewer produce food free mines opened factories built peasants want give small holdings communists called farmers enemies millions herded prison camps large numbers killed expected prison result communist promise land russia grew largest country rule tsars added territory asia eastern europe reign peter russian empire stretched baltic sea pacific ocean
romanians trace history country part roman empire remember romania means land romans roman settlement bucharest capital stands romanians speak slavic language language comes latin romans roman alphabet religion alphabet case romanians belong eastern orthodox church roman catholic church romania called land rubber boundaries borders changed times stretched larger war drawn smaller war ii mouth danube lies romania part land river plain delta danube comes mountains romania iron gate europe largest power project built look map page carpathian mountains form hook midst country enclosed hook part romania called transylvania number german hungarian speaking peoples live transylvania part hungary war hungarians think transylvania part country troubles rubber boundaries soviet army romania war ii helped romanian communists control romanian communist government acted soviets wished romania built steel plant soviet union think needed soviets wanted romanians buy steel soviet union east germany soviets wanted romania produce grain petroleum eastern europe
israel neighbor jordan desert suggests country lies jordan river part jordan actually lies western side river part jordan israel control arab israeli war jordan part ottoman empire war british controlled country war jordan control affairs complete independence jordan ruled king elect parliament power official language jordan arabic percent jordan moslems rest christians half jordan live small farming villages desert jordan agricultural country farmers raise crops grapes olives citrus fruits irrigated plots land jordan river valley jordan exports crops imports manufactured goods jordan moved cities towns largest city country capital amman arab israeli war jordan home arabs fled palestine fighting called palestinians king jordan promised give palestinians homeland part jordan occupied israel syria larger israel jordan put mediterranean sea borders syria west country stretches east tigris river eastern part syria important rich deposits oil half syria live small farming villages farming important syria
niger river longest river western africa niger begins western bulge africa follows indirect route atlantic ocean trace niger finger map beginning chapter flows northeast sahara makes loop flows savanna rain forest finally forms delta empties atlantic niger divides channels delta early explorers hard deciding main channel took places learn vast interior african continent africa rivers provide easy routes inland boats travel rapids waterfalls africa times large europe shorter coastline africa fewer deep bays peninsulas jut oceans arms sea reach continent mouths rivers form natural harbors rivers western europe facts african continent difficult land travel sahara parts interior difficult hundred ago explorers james richardson eager find continent henry stanley led expedition central africa expedition group formed carry trip exploration stanley british newspaper writer worked newspaper united states stanley journeyed parts africa crossed james richardson stanley africa lakes mountains deep forests fast moving rivers
portuguese sailors worked african coast traded peoples met traded silk cloth guns wine european products gold ivory pepper trade western africa grew portuguese wanted build fort coast country ghana fort place traders live store goods portuguese asked king land permission build king advisers portuguese trade ships stay africa pointed friends meet occasionally remain friends neighbors king wise advice allowed portuguese build fort large armed guards europeans portuguese western africa seeking trade countries trading forts coast europeans trade african products buy slaves read africans slaves war victors slaves captured greeks romans ancient times rulers enslaved criminals punishment children slaves slaves slaves servants worked owner house field slaves generally large groups places sahara salt mines large farms grew cash crops african forests african rulers large numbers slaves need coming european traders changed traders wanted large numbers slaves plantations west indies americas
france ruled vietnam war ii japan occupied country war japan lost war french returned vietnam vietnamese want return french rule communist leader named ho chi minh led war throw french rule french fought control vietnam finally french defeated vietnam divided communists ruled northern part country government opposed communism ruled south hanoi capital north vietnam saigon capital south vietnam dividing vietnam bring peace war broke vietnams united states helped south vietnam united states soldiers fighting vietnam united states forces war continued communists took control vietnam hanoi country capital saigon renamed ho chi minh city honor communist leader lands called french indochina separate countries vietnam laos kampuchea communist governments war vietnam damage cost lives population lands grew larger population vietnam doubled countries farmers main crop rice valley delta mekong river richest land asia find mekong map page country mekong delta burma controlled british independent country rangoon burma capital chief port kingdom thailand known siam
americans visiting australia feel home australians americans speak english pronounce words differently australians words australia ranch called station friend mate australian herd sheep mob sheep cowboy jackaroo australia entire continent large population country fewer taiwan australia times larger taiwan australians ancestors british isles war ii countries europe aborigines percent population think australia think country large sheep cattle ranches stations actually percent australia population lives cities largest cities southeastern part continent turn map page locate adelaide melbourne sydney brisbane sydney largest city australia continent population lives city perth main city western australia darwin city size australia north coast darwin fairly small city australians live cities country farms ranches provide australia important exports wool wheat meat australia crops vary part continent crops fruits raised southeast grown western europe northeastern coast tropical crops sugarcane pineapples raised
millions cattle sheep raised zealand green pastures pointed livestock zealand number livestock supply zealand important food processing industries cheese making meat packing examples food processing industries butter cheese meat wool zealand chief exports zealanders products eat butter meat person country entire zealand coal oil sources energy islands waterpower mountain streams country electricity places electric generating plants water power mountainous south island plants supply part electricity north island zealand geothermal energy geothermal means heat earth heat comes steaming hot springs volcanic plateau north island steam springs electricity percent zealand electricity produced geothermal energy australia zealand independent nation governor general appointed british ruler zealand single house parliament elected zealand country let women vote national elections book read live continents percent human race read peoples live crops grow things ideas reached end book remember learned kinds things learned
live earth earth home pictures show part home earth home earth land water earth large kinds plants animals live earth kinds live kinds land live flat land called plains trees plains land farming live hilly land hills higher plains trees grow sides hills live mountains mountains big hills rise high land snow covers tops highest mountains live oceans oceans large bodies water fish ocean swim ocean live rivers river body water flows land big river mississippi river live lakes lake body water land fun sailing rowing boats lakes live land water land called island point island picture live peninsula peninsula land water nearly part larger body land trace peninsula finger picture shows parts earth point drawing picture page airplane shows earth looks air look map page
today explore north south poles snowmobiles dog teams travel frozen ground ship called icebreaker breaks ice opens path ships north south directions directions east west find east west globe sun rise east set west face north east west left east west opposite map shows earth land earth divided continents continent large body land continents find continent map map shows oceans earth map continent north america united states country north america live united states find map mexico south united states country north america country north america canada find canada map neighbor north country flag special feeling flag flag symbol stands country map country united states divided states find map united states america country called americans proud country americans show love country ways visit special places tell story country sing songs country
looked map page map special kind drawing map show earth part earth look straight overhead map symbols stand real things places earth surface place map symbols explained called key drawing photograph page map area shown photograph find building photograph look map key find symbol show buildings find buildings map habit map key area photograph feet feet width course draw map large draw maps scale played dolls model trains model airplanes idea scale dolls played smaller real models built smaller real trains real airplanes model airplanes built scale means built foot model real airplane times foot feet look key map page find numbered line called scale scale map shows inch map stands feet earth map scale place
maps provide wealth information map shows location largest cities added sets lines map let help find heavy dark line running center map left line called equator divides earth half find north pole south pole equator halfway places earth divided halves half called hemisphere half earth equator north pole called northern hemisphere half earth equator south pole called southern hemisphere lines run map called lines latitude equator north pole called lines north latitude equator south pole called lines south latitude equator numbered important line latitude lines latitude measure distances north south equator distances measured degrees symbol degrees lines easier tell place suppose asked describe exactly york city say north america north america large piece land latitude accurately locate york city say located north latitude run finger north latitude line madrid peking luta located north latitude
special kind drawing diagram diagram meant show exactly thing looks meant explain thing works happens diagram explains things earth sun thing diagram shows earth moves path sun takes earth days journey diagram earth shown places path diagram shows night earth moves sun earth turning axis hours earth axis imaginary line running earth north pole south pole earth turns side earth sun side earth sun night diagram shows seasons spring summer fall winter look carefully diagram earth note tilted axis side diagram position earth december follow arrows sun earth sun rays striking straight equator earth tilt southern hemisphere closer sun southern hemisphere receiving heat northern hemisphere southern hemisphere receiving heat summer winter northern hemisphere receiving heat moves path sun earth reaches june point shown left side diagram
ways puerto rico hawaii distance equator trade winds ocean blow kinds plants trees found hawaii grow puerto rico differences hawaii puerto rico oceans hawaii pacific ocean puerto rico atlantic ocean hawaii states puerto rico puerto rico laws puerto ricans american citizens puerto ricans wish ask someday island fifty look maps page puerto rico islands west indies miles km florida puerto rico southern coast caribbean sea sea part atlantic ocean puerto rico fly miami southern florida ifyou draw imaginary line miami puerto rico line alongside islands cuba hispaniola lower map page islands puerto rico line peaks huge mountain range rising beneath sea puerto rico miles km miles km wide line hills rising mountains runs east west center puerto rico land low coast island puerto rico cities largest city san juan capital driving south san juan soon comes caribbean national forest
chapters read kinds forests coniferous forests washington tropical forests hawaii puerto rico learned areas look forests parts find live regions let look soviet union country huge northern forests full soviet union union soviet socialist republics soviet union called russia largest country east west united states miles km wide east west soviet union miles km soviet union stretches continents part country europe part asia find ural mountains map page urals dividing line europe asia mountains southern eastern parts soviet union country flat level lands plateaus remember plateau look page million live soviet union china india soviet live west ural mountains european part country soviet union ethnic groups ethnic group share language customs ethnic groups soviet union dozens languages spoken russian official language country soviet union farther north united states
million live brazil amazon basin covers half country brazil live amazon basin starting thinly settled indians amazon basin european settlers portugal european countries today population mixed mouth amazon black japanese indians continue live forest cities grown amazon basin manaus miles km atlantic ocean river city started fort clearing jungle story growth manaus story rubber indians amazon basin sap rubber tree spread feet let dry waterproof covering ago rubber wide amazon forest place rubber trees grew workers brought manaus collect sap trees milky white sap dried smoky fire carried ship factories countries factories called rubber manaus grew homes built workers offices storehouses built traders stores schools churches built river edge bundles rubber loaded ships floating wharves price rubber soon jumped cents pound dollars traders rich times rubber traders end
sahara largest desert big desert sahara find look map eastern end egypt red sea sea desert fills arabian peninsula desert country saudi arabia southwestern asia desert sahara ways dry hot sahara flat areas mountains mountains coast especially west south coastal areas bit rain central part peninsula southern end peninsula moisture places wheat grapes tobacco grown desert arabian peninsula exactly sahara big river nile sand dunes common arabian peninsula sahara arabian peninsula arabs live cities coast nomads called bedouin move place place find grazing land goats donkeys camels land dry grass springs rain bedouin live tents guest making coffee important ceremony coffeepots cups beautifully passed bedouin family father son nomads sit ground eat feast food large bowls blanket sits rugs spread blanket
appalachians built homes prairies moved mississippi river westward part central plains land gradually rose higher elevation land higher map page grass shorter high plains lower plains east fewer trees miles level land horizon horizon line land meet sky today higher land called plains runs montana north dakota southward texas plains precipitation eastern part central plains precipitation map page high plains dry settlers thought crops grow region called american desert found later land soil moisture crops grass cattle graze settled high plains lower prairies plains hot summer cold winter winds blow open land spring summer winds carry soil dry fields winter blizzards snowstorms high winds snow piles fences roads making hard travel tornadoes dangerous blizzards tornadoes strong winds sweep land narrow path winds whirl funnel shaped black cloud
loss crop bad drought damage learned earlier strong winds sweep plains ground dry winds blow topsoil topsoil soil surface field topsoil food plants topsoil plants grow grandparents remember terrible drought young lived plains surely remember drought lasted strong winds filled air dust fields flying dust hid sun farms destroyed places plains look deserts farm families left homes moved states stop wind blowing turn rain droughts dust storms threat plains steps prevent erosion roots plants help soil place places trees planted break force wind dams built ponds dug water collected fields droughts farmers plow fields ways save moisture grazing lands overused grass roots help soil place kind farm found kansas cattle ranch cattle ranches central kansas grass grows tall farther west shortgrass region plains large ranches thousands beef cattle ago kansas famous cattle drives times cowboys herded huge numbers cattle overland texas
flooding land crops bad effects floodwaters destroyed villages flood ago lost lives yellow river called china sorrow chinese built dams hold floodwaters built dikes river dike bank earth built water flowing fields dikes built higher higher soil settles bottom river fills riverbed water raised higher today river higher plain places dike deal farm land villages flooded building dikes keeping higher river hard takes thousands workers carry soil build dikes today machinery past move soil kind largely hand china summer weather north china plain hot damp rain place raising crops weather pleasant spring fall winters plain cold snow dress warmly pad clothes cotton warm wearing set clothes top ask chinese person cold say layer clothes layers clothes rich soil climate north china plain place farming
settlers landed narrow plain runs eastern coast plain green grass trees northern end coastal plain tropical forests rainfall inches cm weather rainy farther south rain plants coast soil rich belt highlands narrow coastal plain highlands run north south coastal plain highlands called dividing range australia highest mountains lie southern end range summer mountains snow covered lower elevations australia seldom snow west dividing range central lowlands north lowlands dry live south moisture farmland plains murray darling rivers central lowlands shores indian ocean huge dry region center big area desert bordering desert flatlands grass grows cattle sheep graze southwestern corner vast dry region rain crops australia nearly big united states fewer population million australia population million texas nearly australia australia divided states number territories territories regions developed states australia territories small pacific islands map shows names states
climbed mountain camped mountain slope fished mountain stream mountains things mountains places recreation recreation fun climb top high steep mountains easy climb highest peaks dangerous stay lower parts mountains forests cover sides mountains hot summer weather cool shady mountain forest weather stay tents cabins mountains hear birds singing wild animals deer rabbits squirrels mountains winter ski mountain slopes skiing fun slide downhill skis person practice skiing mountain slope control skis tumble break leg arm mountains recreation valuable reasons mountain forests supply lumber melting snow high mountains waters crops fields foot mountains swift running mountain streams provide power making electricity mountains storehouses important minerals mountains affect lives ways mountains big wall travel side easy mountains towns cities grow mountains affect weather rainfall climate opposite sides mountain colder mountains lower lands nearby
north pole northern place north direction north pole north pole opposite end earth south pole south pole southern place south direction south pole halfway north pole south pole line called equator equator circles earth mapmakers line divide earth northern hemisphere southern hemisphere learn equator later look maps top page maps show northern hemisphere southern hemisphere find yellowstone national park northern hemisphere divide earth halves divided western hemisphere eastern hemisphere look maps bottom page hemispheres find yellowstone national park course traveling yellowstone help continent north america continent huge area land earth divided continents north america south america africa asia europe australia antarctica look map find yellowstone north america yellowstone national park northern hemisphere western hemisphere continent north america yellowstone national park country united states america united states continent north america look map north america page
suppose teacher task writing family find family write begin write say family tell bad things decide write begin writing important things happened family born events passed stories told parents grandparents tell important family tell grandmother annie held abraham lincoln horse tell grandfather carlos member family live united states maybe tell uncle tony car town tell important events parents teenagers hear president john kennedy speech maybe write fireworks older brother sister saw country celebrated hundredth birthday write course give date birth share important points tell prize won swimming write stay hospital broken leg maybe tell summer drove yellowstone national park end story telling bring family story present story write family family history
native americans americans spread north south america look map page find place narrow stretch water separates continent asia north america small body water called bering strait strait narrow waterway connects large bodies water thousands thousands ago bering strait dry land americans crossed asia america narrow strip land asia hunters needed animals food needed animal skins clothes needed bones animals spears asian hunters depended animals order live likely herds animals asia narrow land bridge bering strait discovered america walking sure ago happened proof human beings lived north america ago say americans arrived ago course early arrive small groups asian hunters america period hundreds earliest americans stay place live hunting animals moved hunters follow animals scarce hunters moved looking supplies group large hard find food part group move place
britain colonies ended war french indians result war france driven north america britain rule canada lands belonged france brought peace american colonies colonists longer fear attacks canada americans happy part britain dozen later fighting british independence freedom britain rule war called war independence american revolution revolution type government thinking replaces chapter learn american revolution brought british lawmaking body called parliament colonists members british parliament started passing laws tax colonies britain thought colonists pay share cost french indian war taxes help pay keeping british soldiers america soldiers serve borders colonies protect settlers indian attacks fair british colonists share costs put taxes legal papers everyday items glass paint tea colonists upset taxes colonial assemblies voted welcome parliament tax laws motto taxation representation buy british colonial assemblies collect taxes excitement caused groups called sons liberty destroyed tax collectors homes drove tax town
americans won war spite odds things favored patriots fighting homes families knew land fighting sources supplies soldiers nearby greatest strength united states war favored willing die believed courage belief freedom started country leadership united states outstanding george washington wise respected general skill held things lost helped number able leaders samuel adams john adams benjamin franklin robert morris john hancock list names leaders foreign countries believed ideas americans fighting marquis de lafayette france washington trusted aides thaddeus kosciusko poland helped build important defenses fort west point pole casimir pulaski bravely fought south killed leading charge savannah georgia baron de german served died wounds battle hard winter valley forge baron von prussia taught soldiers drill soldiers proved equal british end war young british officer wrote american defeated british beat women remark correct women played important part american victory women ran farms businesses families fight war
jackson deal feel part government seen jackson ready give equality native americans slaveholder jackson believe equality blacks jackson starting oppose slavery called abolitionists abolitionists grimke sisters brought southern plantation slavery wanted equal rights humans angelina grimke woman speak lawmaking group spoke massachusetts legislature equal rights women blacks tied issues easily felt freedom denied large groups americans thought lawmakers worry link issues occurred women allowed speak slavery conference london point abolitionists lucretia mott elizabeth cady stanton decided start women rights group later seneca falls york mott stanton called meeting women rights seneca falls convention set goals agreed women rights women free speech women chance equal education women vote women quickly meet goals hard job early speaker lucy stone treated rudely things thrown winter sprayed icy water simply pulled shawl tighter talking stone star speaker movement won followers
americans earn living kind nation farmers centuries country history americans lived farms americans living farm united states today biggest producers farm goods farmers grow revolution farming machinery science civil war farmers hand labor machinery widespread farm machinery reaper read chapter began farmhands armies civil war farmers grow feed large armies citizens home farm machinery threshers binders rotary plows disc harrows widely later combined harvester thresher combine called replaced separate machines reaper harvester thresher farm machines pulled horses later pulled tractors powered gasoline engines science helped farmers grow read chapter congress set land grant colleges help farmers scientists agricultural colleges carried experiments find ways farm teachers colleges taught methods farming congress set bureau agriculture department agriculture carried scientific research improve farming department spread knowledge farmers civil war small farmers south farmers north west subsistence farmers
united states busy home western parts country settled population growing industry developing growth brought problems national affairs important foreign affairs relationships foreign countries foreign policy united states early history country wars countries war britain mexican war read wars chapters foreign policy stay european affairs wanted discourage countries europe interfering affairs western hemisphere end civil war united states began look seriously territory borders alaska purchased russia flag united states raised midway islands pacific controlled samoan islands find places map page americans interested expanding pacific area important reason trade merchants united states especially england trading china early whaling ships active pacific ships needed places stop fresh water food steam replaced sail ships needed places coal thought merchants sea captains places american control sure getting goods need
things granted today unknown ago things change nation inventions lead radio television movie told story train robbery appeared synthetic fibers chemicals produced giant industry grow discovery oil spindletop texas transportation changed ways december windy beaches kitty hawk north carolina orville wright flew heavier air machine seconds later brother wilbur flight refused believe flight happened amazing humans fly fly thanks hard working bicycle shop owners dayton ohio wrights dreamed ways aviation change country think ways aviation improved united states wright brothers flights young detroit michigan henry ford starting automobile business person build automobile europeans americans ahead early cars expensive rich ford decided build light weight practical cheap car afford car model hold costs model model built ford motor company ford customer car painted color wants black ford combined ideas borrowed ideas
type attraction found coast england restored village mystic connecticut seaport nineteenth century restored lived coastal village hundred ago dressed tools homes stores built coast maine mouth kennebec river bath iron works marine museum help understand methods shipbuilding america seafaring history plymouth rock pilgrims ashore mayflower reconstructed village plimoth plantation facing cape cod bay visited docked nearby full sized model mayflower explore small ship feeling crowded conditions passengers crew sturbridge south central massachusetts reconstructed village lived early nineteenth century england reminders nation past tourists enjoy traveling small rural villages glance changed founded ago find covered bridges built small clear streams ago farm village homes served stops runaway slaves underground railway read route freedom earlier historic landmarks abound england towns spend days visiting boston fact things ties england states historic flavor course england date
middle atlantic states rich important resources sunshine rain fertile soil states grow feed herds dairy cattle fine crops vegetables fruit beautiful woodlands cover hills slopes middle atlantic region woodlands supply lumber building making paper provide home birds small animals live states woodlands give place enjoy quiet beauty trees flowers small streams learned important water transportation recreation middle atlantic states region supply clean drinking water rivers streams polluted dirty fish live read earlier colonial times england fast moving rivers power run machines states middle atlantic region waterpower changed electricity middle atlantic region coastal plain meets foothills appalachians rivers waterfalls gave waterpower ran country earliest factories turn map page find niagara river lakes erie ontario lakes river makes huge drop point waterfalls tons water rush falls minute tremendous power turned electricity large power plants electricity homes factories canadian american sides falls
florida largest population southeastern states seventh largest population states fastest growing states united states florida live cities west virginia smallest population southeastern states half live cities table shows population southeastern number cities populations percent population living urban areas southeastern cities populations memphis tennessee jacksonville florida largest cities united states southeast large cities today manufacturing moved southeast industries developed manufacturing cities grown industries cities developed trade centers goods produced industry sold goods shipped places port cities increased size increase tourism brought growth kind city resort city course cities trade center resort port miami started resort city important manufacturing transportation pages look miami cities population atlanta largest city georgia atlanta served georgia capital civil war national center disease control atlanta center look ways control outbreaks diseases spread person atlanta leading industrial center airplanes automobiles chemicals textiles furniture products atlanta
mexico latin american country nearest united states look map page mexico south united states boundary countries miles km begins west pacific ocean runs mountains desert reaches rio grande river forms rest boundary mexico largest country middle america border united states stretches miles km border guatemala look map page mexico narrows south juts north yucatan peninsula mexico high plateau plateau bordered east west mountain ranges east sierra madre oriental west sierra madre occidental ranges rugged mountains lie south mexico city southeast mountains land drops suddenly lowlands yucatan countries variety climate mexico mountains cool plateau hot summer warm winter dry lowlands south including yucatan peninsula hot wet part lowlands covered dense forest rainfall varies part country eighth land mexico farming rest land mountainous dry land farmed poor quality large parts mexico rainfall
plains south america built rivers continent plain orinoco river lies guiana highlands northern andes called llanos llanos spanish plains guiana highlands brazilian highlands plain amazon river vast plain flat stretches thousands miles known amazon basin brazilian highlands southern andes lie plains parana paraguay rivers area called chaco farther south uruguay argentina plains called pampas plains narrower southern end continent area called patagonia amazon river flows close equator amazon basin hot humid heavy rainfall helps trees grow basin covered thick rain forest difficult travel area railroads roads travel boat live forests amazon basin travel north south amazon find climate vegetation change hot rainfall comes summers winters fairly dry climate vegetation rain forests grow wet amazon basin rainfall comes seasons vegetation open grassland scattered trees kind vegetation called savanna guiana highlands brazilian highlands covered savanna
countries south america bolivia peru ecuador colombia lie partly andes partly forested plain drained amazon river farmland countries transportation poorly developed difficult reach plains amazon basin coast pacific ocean countries small populations countries indians mestizos bolivia coastline paraguay landlocked country bolivia lies high plateau called altiplano altiplano surrounded mountains east forested lowlands bolivia live altiplano major cities capital bolivia sucre government offices la la bolivia largest city bolivia crops crops exported mining bolivia major industry bolivia leading producers tin silver lead zinc mined bolivia export metals peru borders pacific ocean country regions narrow coastal plain west high mountains amazon plains east peru home inca indians descendants incas south american indians live mountains descendants spanish settlers live lower western slopes mountains coast peru cities coastal plain lima capital million coffee sugarcane tropical fruits grown coastal plain mountains grain crops potatoes grown
east side child owned book mama children girls unheard luxury heavenly able borrow books public library children friday afternoons school rushed happily fresh reading material week end gertie belong took weekly trip look picture magazines sarah mama beginning concerned wasn child late footsteps heard creaky steps henny ran open kitchen door poked head comes called ella let books henny opened door wider matter sisters heard asking woebegone figure faced streaked tears walked slowly kitchen mama piped gertie sarah crying sarah matter happened sarah didn answer walking hard brown leather couch threw face downward weeping bitterly sisters gathered group mama sat sarah gently stroked hair let child weep softly sarah tell happened sobs muffled words slowly library book lost lost children looked dismay thing happened family ooh awful ella sorry words escaped bring fresh burst tears
sarah tempted give cleaning rest piano surely mama wouldn put buttons piece furniture wouldn playing game fair tell mama trying catch trick sarah dusted food pedals found buttons lid covering keyboard piano keys clean lid button sarah jubilant carried stool mantel shelf dustcloth tight hand lift china shepherd shepherdess liked handle especially shepherdess dainty pink blue dress tiny rosebuds picked rattled opening lady flowers mama put button number sarah found mantel shelf small round tables stood front lace curtained windows sarah started discovered doily decorated top table found sixth button mama wanted helpers dust window sills sarah remembered able add seventh eighth buttons apron pocket sitting floor white window woodwork button number sarah neglected woodwork found
papa glad charlie returned charlie papa hand special papa tall fellow course papa loved family felt lonesome females times charlie turn companionship children adored charlie especially ella lately begun gaze bright shiny eyes hang word charlie loved children happiest children entrance hailed pleasure bright young faces brought sunshine gloomy cellar papa looked wave cheery hello returned bookkeeping charlie set front legs chair bang jumping picked gertie tossed high air squealed delight put cried charlie charlie laughed tossed high called hey papa surprise young surprise kind surprise tell children skipped charlie papa charlie papa paper section show load books morning books children shouted papa wonderful books children books
spot ancient chaco indians lived thousand ago frederick dead indians mitzi couldn understand mother frederick excited dead indians live indians mitzie meet preferably girls age realize built magnificent pueblo rulers modern measurements couldn read write frederick explained mitzi picked torn fingernail wondering answer pueblo disappointing truck drive kansas mexico mother talked indian ruin mother wait start digging biggest impressive structures built prehistoric apartment building housed hundred indians hmmph mitzi wasn impressed pueblo protected tarps put winter part falling roof crumbled floors plain dirt size disappointing part mitzi expected york skyscrapers seen pictures big nice apartment houses home hah pueblo small hundred stand heads mother removed tarp show mitzi frederick tiny room
sure frederick took deep breath began scientists believed dinosaurs disappeared earth entirely evidence suggests present birds descended dinosaurs mitzi chewed insides cheeks shifted weight foot hoped frederick talking wasn frederick continued fact remains tyrannosaurus rex lived planet fifty million boring frederick wasting saw mitzi insisted standing hind legs rocks turned mother comes re asleep tries break cabin mitzi mother watched frederick waiting continue talking interrupted speeches matter awful moment turned mitzi think saw lizard mitzi knew lizards looked lizards tiny animals think hard mother wasn brown black orange salmon told green mitzi howled wasn gila monster mother monster sounded interesting tyrannosaurus rex gila monster mitzi asked frederick removed gaze clouds gila monster color disappeared cheeks gila monsters poisonous things scorpions centipedes rattlesnakes mother nodded fortunately emergency poisonous animal
standing top roofless pueblo looked round room lined blocks sandstone wider chaco house mitzi seen deeper mitzi saw hole floor sort fire pit kiva indians cooked wanted frederick kivas worship boys inside women girls allowed mitzi scowled anyway couldn stopped yes frederick hundreds hundreds women lib told stayed home grind corn grinding corn wouldn help turned dr connors women didn grind corn suspect dr connors glad chaco woman grind frederick laughed dr connors joke mitzi saw funny changed boys attention dr connors lowered end ladder kiva floor want test kids try suffered water damage winter squeak rung climbed aboard squeak squeak bounced lightly step mitzi crouched frog watch okay called dirt floor hold ladder mitzi
children quickly washed hands sat table wanted talk asked grandpa tree house jed found terrific place oak tree tree house build certainly grandpa tree held tree house father boy expect mighty pleased hold grandpa liza think put rope swing house ground grandpa chuckled sound father yes rope sanders put properly don want getting hurt gee thanks grandpa jed interested eating asked gran sure bill liza settled enjoy gran supper finally bill pushed chair stuffed say start tree house sure asked bill look window jed gee bill didn dark early cloud coming grandpa think rain gran began clear dishes don worry dishes liza let gran night liza threw arms gran
grandpa chuckled win think tell stories stories liza grandpa story told part mean asked bill grandpa thunder rumbled lightning flashed grandpa began story ago grandfather small boy indian woman lived place knew lived remember worked hard began grow grandfather family sure needed grandfather loved cabin filled indian things jane called tire answering grandfather questions jane sewing tanned deer skins softest leather shirts grandfather father sewed told grandfather stories feathered bonnet hanging wall jane cabin grandfather begged begged try jane let told wear promised someday put died things grandfather missed going jane twelve olf cabin usual
civil war going grandfather knew soon join fighting children unhappy didn want father grandfather couldn stand seeing children unhappy decided leave busy amused left puzzle solve early morning called family told children going clever hidden clues follow lead treasure grandfather held small envelope whereabouts clue inside started give envelope children grandmother stopped gave children wouldn chores needed help going grandfather children knew argue grandmother real stickler matter situation play change grandmother mind grandfather handed grandmother envelope dropped apron pocket grandfather winked children told chores extra fast children terribly excited asked treasure hidden house grandfather told hidden part house asked look treasure clues told yes didn think find
doris autograph dopey guy plays dope makes sick dope al disneyland thousand times al fat side didn fair skinny side father says wasn walks stiff german soldier pigtails girl entire school practically pigtails stand kids straight hair mine father says remind sheep dog don care al pigtails look starched smile lot wears glasses teeth nice wear braces kids wear braces expensive pain neck fortunate father says inherited teeth side family saves pile dough says brother inherited teeth mother side guess retainer stuff al interesting person older re seventh grade accout dropped moved
home room teacher keogh teacher school calls al al call alexandra turns colors rainbow breath sounded pretty kids names pretend don al want cooking sewing wants shop school boys shop al told keogh talk principal hold hope al keogh friends talks class found keogh wife operation sad feel sorry keogh wife operation wondered keogh wife feel sorry operation matter ball stones al heard ball stones ball stones al authority subject gladder al says operations taking tonsils supposed breeze jolly saying ho ho fun think ice cream ginger ale want won fun blast keogh lunch talked principal principal al shop
lady friend richards took bunch towels dryer mother stopped al ask mother rule says spend sundays says week face humdinger richards regular lollapalooza mother thing visting retired bartender mother takes drink mainly sees toothpick sticking mouth toothpick thinks common makes nervous swallow big hole gums anyway thinks combination companion richards al richards fixing piece bread butter sugar didn ask wanted slapped butter put ten inches sugar top mother exploded al interesting person nonconformist thing richards listener mean hears interrupts won believe biting piece bread al wants shop sewing cooking won let
ben insisted fishes teeth george tell called starfish fish starfish fish mrs carr tiny suction cups added realized explain suction cups worked picture book show tell explained ben partly fun washing breakfast dishes lying luncheon dishes unwashed lying kitchen sink ben quietly listened ben quiet mrs carr feeling ben special talents understood told knew mothers feeling born sons beach weekend mrs carr found thinking ben fond correct howard sitting water edge frowning sand sea ben picked starfish washed ashore happened recited poem mother george silently prompting asterias mrs carr smiled george urged ben tell mother starfish suction walk open clams george knew cheer ben making error tentacles mrs carr laugh loud evening mrs carr talk carr
ben happy boy knew didn realize happiness collapsed confused happiness gaiety happiness loud bright crowded happiness ripens watermelon sweet rosy inside thin top layer altogether free small black pits watermelon covered plain dark rind benjamin wrapped quiet benjamin shy happy george inside loudmouthed ben ben george splendidly symbiotically benjamin sixth grade ben need accepted greater need acceptable george remains told howard george howard merely infantile civil disorder george discovering nice things telling ben look say ben noticed howard shared hershey kisses gave ben unwrapped wore thin coat lint look say ben noticed howard told friend raymond yellow color big brother ben howard began eat ketchup soft boiled eggs ben howie waved hi snap wrist ben ben seen practicing front mirror howard run ben saw give firm poke gut snuggle ben chin
arrangements howard school shorter benjamin arranged stay sandler play raymond ben bus brothers walk home raymond howard friend club member howard club secret symbiotic society keds club formed howard pair keds brand sneakers sold local discount store told raymond kids keds allowed club mrs sandler purchased raymond pair brand local discount store soon wear outgrow howard keds club members changed membership rules howard club meant members report cards grading period raymond mother tried break raymond allowed handwriting sloppy expect asked change soon handwriting bad grade slides raymond thought question answered asked president president howard replied listen ray charter change legal fees owe fees fines want
let tell story gran mcnellis family road pretty hard put ends meet girls found family kittens wanted table scraps house feed properly asked save scraps re dear children course putting supper scraps plastic bag sitting top garbage night yesterday morning eye happened catch glimpse girls leaving empty handed called find thought forgotten didn want bother wasn concerned stray dog picked bag told girls leave inside morning say bag gee gran bill maybe raccoons grandpa raccoons clatter leave mess raccoon put cover garbage gran think maybe tramp asked jed doubt grandpa haven seen tramp tramp likely ask eat gran gosh gran liza mystery yes disappearing kitten scraps bill find happening maybe hide house tonight jed won gran
gran laughed wiggle sure gran liza put bed mine gran puppies belong don want house gran liza don mean gran dogs house liza jed remember watch dog yeah bill watch dog let shouldn watch dog watch sleep funny ha ha liza liza argue gran gran look face wasn going change mind nice bed porch gran liza content children played puppy rest afternoon gran fix supper fix jelly bean supper liza grandpa dog food car grandpa liza ran dog food gran kitchen feed asked liza minute gran mistaken bowl food water top shelf knew someday dog saved terrance died remember terrance liza happened died plain age gran guess fond wasn anxious dog don think
stop pushing liza don touchy bill wrong anyway wrong started liza bill liza bill jed sick jed marched room slammed door bill liza looked phooey bill don need plan liza bill thought held hand truce truce liza taking bill hand bill liza jed room jed re sorry liza yeah sorry boy mumbled bill plan spill okay jed going wait gran grandpa bed hide taking kitten scraps gran liza going jed looked situation garbage dining room window goes angle hey neat bill thought window ready bed usual jed gran grandpa sleep sneak downstairs won need flashlight asked liza nope lights jed
thought zucchini lonely brothers sisters friends kind cage left empty bats zucchini didn bats hear endlessly flapping banging walls couldn figure lived mexican pocket gopher restless groundhog pocket gopher spent tunneling elaborate network passageways groundhog paced zucchini sense interrupted left zucchini catch glimpse rodent rex wore faded green uniform rex stand leaning shovel staring space zucchini wondered rex shovel wasn dig zucchini passed days boredom big event rex dropped carrot cage gave fresh water zucchini try think activities possibilities walk circles nap eat clean fur stories drink water hide inside log looked cage peer zucchini glass point fingers ask beats answer kind weasel kind weasel beats mutter confusion rodent house dark zucchini sign poorly lit letters took trouble bend squint put glasses flashlights zucc ni wasn lot help rex noted confusion wry smile silently cursed maintenance department
morning noisy group graders woke zucchini shouting jumping thought zucchini peered inside hollow log quiet teacher saying turn attention looked exhausted sipping coffee plastic spill thermos large boy torn shirt pointing zucchini ferret teacher spoke class recall don recall nothin boy bats pounded glass window hoo hoo shrieked wish wouldn thought zucchini crawled log put paws ears hoo hoo shrieked boy stop bruce teacher stop minute sit bus boy sat floor stared knees teacher re due birds eleven took sip coffee led children stairs boy remained motionless floor shouted rex kangaroo rats leaning shovel floor follow group boy remained floor staring knees rex set shovel wall moved boy stood small dark haired girl looked quietly zucchini move ya rex lost place won lost girl birds watch pulled neatly folded piece paper pocket give ferret asked
drain showed hours later flood informed mrs villard led bedroom floor flooded called mrs villard awful drain climbed terrace minutes banging window asking let kind animal rain draining hair wore hat coat didn carry umbrella kind trouble mean asked mrs villard holding large pot filled water don rat maybe kind animal causing stoppage animal kind animal wedged rain gutter think dead mrs villard veterinarian drain packing tools mrs villard set pot water thought sister queens loved animals maybe help mrs villard remembered seeing aspca magazines sister house pictures cover smiling rescuing animals high places called sister number aspca called report animal trouble mrs villard end phone animal caught rain gutter dead
boy blew wide rain streaked windowpane wrote words lonely added date tomorrow birthday wondered remembered fact words lucas bell october faded vapor breath dissolved future written gave sigh half yawn moving cramped position stiff brown velveteen window seat cross room employ breath usefully blowing wretched fire park caught sight interesting object seen afternoon carriage twin lights flickering downpour halt lodgekeeper unbolted pair massive iron gates high wall encircled park carriage motion crept slowly slight rise curving drive led round front house lay shallow saucer grassy ground boy watched intently visitors midnight court unknown weeks riders horseback carriages carriage information boy arrivals business affairs guardian tutor oakapple impatiently affair explained boy felt ghost house impelled action boredom jumped crossed big shabby room quietly opened door ran stealthily rapid pace series chilly stone passages saw quit schoolroom quarter main hall bare looted looking apartment paler patches painted walls showed pictures hole ceiling remained chandelier hung torn fragment brown holland carved stone coat arms fireplace
roadway cut sets iron rails clanking train wagons run slowly front governess cart mare sweat whinny shudder coat sudden loud noise smell hot metal spark filled smoke factory lucas nervously pauses waited train cross won shut night factories shut tutor glanced briefly didn shift workers leave night workers machines cost deal money need stand idle night shift comes duty makes difference arrive idea filled lucas dismay thought machinery running night fires burning huge buildings filled dashing fro darkness silence rest felt kind terror thought wheels turning stopping don machines stop week clean boilers put lining main press oakapple gloom turning mare head pair huge gates wall higher midnight park tram rails ran gates wide cobbled area lit gas flares oakapple brought mare halt found place tether line stable sheds side factory yard passed dismal procession going opposite direction women checked shawls heads accompanied pair carrying small shape plank covered blanket
carpet unrolled spread feverish speed square central part room instant laid flat bounded steps moment soon press thudding tremendous clap dull sound toss cob nut cracked free gratis scatcherd briefly lucas believe slipped fell press rose slowly carpet snatched mechanical grab half dozen clad children brooms ready waiting steps darted floor swept frantic speed assiduity piece carpet unrolled floor swept machinery lucas asked cheaper scatcherd answered laconically sidelong glances machines cleaned oiled supply kids question trembled lucas mind scatcherd hearing unspoken words bit risky chancy bit fluff dirt discoovered carpet spread ah carpet spread brown gold middle clearly visible circle gold clot black oily wool seemingly left previous processes chaps swiveler fast happens scatcherd course ground press quickest shift call snatcher watch barefoot girl dashed carpet snatched bit wool pair metal tongs leapt safety steps press thudded slipped steps recovered throwing forward hands knees mates grabbed arms
lucas wish stood stubbornly heaven sake looked despair frozen empty park distant silent house sky clouded customary leaden gray cold wind beginning numb face fingers terribly listen tell story greg took hand giving gentle tug greg slow reluctant steps greg boy rides big black horse called sultan lot adventures tell fought dragon wish hear boys anna marie ungratefully tell girl adventures girls don adventures yes boys girls stay home sewing lucas began say suddenly flashed mind image snatcher yesterday mill dashing huge descending press gather fragment cotton waste metal tongs stranger thought struck anna marie father wild bet child carpet factory employer including snatcher tell story girl anna marie repeated standing pulling hand clasped il etait une fois une jeune fille girl snatcher english word french anna marie asked
eh bess woman tis woman sighed plainly glad change subject gave friend nudge reckon lad yonder wishes speak thee woman turned pushing shawl familiar gesture close recognize lucas liked felt ashamed trouble mrs braithwaite woman seen mourning roadside previous evening face pale death resolute firm gave anna marie lucas kind glance simply lad serve thee sorry didn wish interrupt stammered wanted ask tax office le joli bebe tout en riant exclaimed anna marie elbow mrs braithwaite held baby shawled arms giving anna marie broad grin comment il madame anna marie inquired politely english english anna marie polite interrupt asking baby called lucas apologized mrs braithwaite betsy lady girl bless woman looked fully anna marie face started hesitantly excuse poor woman asking lady re quality wouldn liberty hard joost think amiss je anna marie murgatroyd madame murgatroyd didn think mrs braithwaite murmured unexpectedly dropped slight curtsey kissed anna marie cheek bless bonny face lassie
locked looked fight death strained stamped heaved grunted struggled bumping wall balustrade stairhead hall full sound gasping breath occasional damn dim light candles lit hard trying throw banisters party attempting prevent redgauntlet hound circled round group hysterically barking letting occasional whimper fighters knocked trod lucas felt help hard drew nearer caught glimpse turkey cock red face sir randolph guardian arms tightly wrapped round engaged trying break ribs sheer pressure sir randolph hindered efforts oakapple struggling sir randolph sir randolph leave sir sir forgetting forgetting rats grunted sir randolph trying throw rail aware sir randolph awkward customer miles oakapple certainly knew taking hands coom afternoon serve order public servant dooty agghhh gasped enraged sir randolph managed hand windpipe lucas recognized bald head brass buttons gobthorpe tax official moment oakapple catching sight lucas exclaimed fetch garridge gabriel sir randolph distempered lucas tried edge group order stairs
questions answers anna marie stirred restlessly head slipped awkward angle lucas put arm round comfortable lean youngish plump faced frock coat room walked quickly looked extremely tired lucas guessed town blastburn full factories foundries plenty infirmary night doctor whitaker burn case lucas nodded mouth suddenly dry hard speak words croak throat bad burns doctor face hands chest lucky re burn cases stop weeks maybe month awake lucas nervously boy laudanum sleep kill pain hours home thank sir home lucas wondered home anna marie woken doctor took finger mouth asked matter factly money pay meester ookapool bring food lucas surprised ashamed thought questions doctor looked kindly anna marie ask desk vestibule pay bring bring food sisters tell present patient taking liquids merci monsieur anna marie gravely
interrupted chatter say look tired cheerful snow tell happened top main square big arcaded market building open end inside dozens stalls brisk business late hour shift workers factories wanted food hours stalls fish meat stalls big loaves bread shiny doughcakes stalls rabbits hares dangled fur stalls piled apples potatoes cabbages clothes sold racks cheap cotton trousers jackets print dresses occupied corner table ws covered wooden clogs corner blankets household utensils simplest coarsest kind corner held hand goods furniture pots pans books children clothes tools farm implements found plants pots birds cages vividly colored medicines bottles bales thin gaudy cotton humans wish buy humans money sale floor market stone paved wet dirty snowy feet countless shoppers tramping faint muggy warmth arcade sheltered square scoured bitter wind anna marie pulled lucas stall crudely painted sign veg soup halfpenny cup sure hungry feel comme un de bought halfpennyworth lady stood counter big iron caldron ladling soup brown mugs lucas felt wrong allowing anna marie spend money faint protest chut
anna marie opened tiny door foot square sloping wall disclosed kind bunk closet large accommodate big dog charmant fits shoe curled heap rags pieces torn blanket lucas lay awake hard thin mattress wondering nature employment disagreeable doubt snapped town hard find pounds week expected huge sum cover expenses pay oakapple treatment drifted uneasy slumber lucas afraid able wake dreams full anxiety trying catch runaway horse late school lost terribly precious important brown book broken promise difficulty waking telling hours dark town blastburn plentifully supplied church clocks struck quarters agreement exactly minute plain passing church clocks factory hooters screaming call trucks wagons clanking iron rails whistling mournfully dark knocker running streets thumping iron shod stick door passed wake oop mrs kelsey grand snowy morning clock geordie thompson tha stirring tha stumps
play aristophanes socrates students look utterly ridiculous athenian public enjoyed aristophanes sarcasm mild form vengeance socrates constant criticisms aristophanes clouds course mean talk head clouds aristophanes expressed general public opinion socrates shiftless merely master verbal trickery socrates students virtually worshipped bravest wise upright times perceived martyr truth corrupted society price criticism merely satire playwrights continual nuisance government arranged socrates brought trial corrupting youth athens atheist trumped crimes socrates condemned death trial refuse defend absurd charges trial act gadfly condemned reasons angry convicting gentlemen jury happened unexpected surprised number votes cast side think decision votes switch thirty votes acquitted think cleared meletus charges clear anytus lycon joined accusing fined thousand drachmas receiving votes
aware correspond everyday views casually talk sunrises sunsets surely sun goes earth stay place took thousand general recognize despite appearances earth actually moves sun accept question everyday experience support similarly consider chair sitting composed empty space tiny electrically charged colorless particles whirling fantastic speeds course modern science taught solid objects spaces particles beginnings philosophy science attempts women common sense views things try find reality answer question likely appeal authority modern science reasonable beginning science generation seen superstitions believed earth flat school career caught authorities teacher noted scientist mistake simply accept scientists tell question descartes accept teachings teachers question
set shadows real illusion mere imitation bright originals notice savior role philosopher plato setting famous argument philosophers kings kings philosophers included pythagoras plato believed knowledge pure forms knowledge person hope salvation socrates taught students plato truth plato teacher literary spokesman revelation twist begins puzzle learn don recognize find makes sense say learn puzzle sounds nonsense think examples beer consumption rate omaha nebraska answer questions obviously simply look information plato insists bigger game information wants knowledge capital knowledge reality access thinking unlike change information live characterized fact eternal eternal reality discoverable merely observation experience consider simple truth experience eternal truths deserves place plato
argument straightforward fact universal agreement regarding supposedly innate principles prove innateness argues let suppose mind say blank tablet tabula rasa white paper void characters ideas comes furnished comes vast store busy boundless fancy painted endless variety materials reason knowledge answer word experience knowledge founded ultimately derives premise locke concerned defend attack innate ideas introduction locke fails succeed proving human mind inborn potentials limitations importantly fails recognize inference experience require principles drawn experience fact leibniz chief targets locke attack providing call rationalist reply turning locke leibniz argued principles attack concept innate ideas question issue soul entirely empty tablet written tabula rasa view aristotle author essay locke traced comes solely senses experience soul originally principles notions doctrines external objects merely awaken believe plato sense passage st paul romans remarks law god written heart
venture affirm general proposition admits exception knowledge relation instance attained reasonings priori arises entirely experience find objects constantly conjoined let object presented strong natural reason abilities object entirely able accurate examination qualities discover effects adam rational faculties supposed entirely perfect inferred fluidity transparency water suffocate light warmth fire consume object discovers qualities senses produced effects arise reason unassisted experience draw inference concerning real existence matter fact proposition effects discoverable reason experience readily admitted regard objects remember altogether unknown conscious utter inability lay foretelling arise present smooth pieces marble tincture natural philosophy discover adhere manner require force separate direct line small resistance lateral pressure
hempel argues mathematical truths analytic employs sophisticated logical machinery developed peano frege russell whitehead goes ayer trying show mathematical truths derived simpler logical rules demonstrating analyticity begins attacking rationalist belief mathematical truths evident mill belief mathematics form empirical knowledge goes show mathematical truths derived logical inference limited number axioms answers problem asserts truths mathematics contradistinction hypotheses empirical science require factual evidence justification evident view ultimately relegates decisions mathematical truth feeling evidence encounters difficulties mathematical theorems hard establish specialist field evident known interesting results mathematics especially fields abstract set theory topology run counter deeply ingrained intuitions customary kind feeling evidence thirdly existence mathematical conjectures goldbach fermat elementary content undecided certainly shows mathematical truths evident finally evidence attributed basic postulates mathematics mathematical propositions deduced pertinent remark judgments considered evident subjective vary person person certainly constitute adequate basis decisions objective validity mathematical propositions
ancient religions gods goddesses human beings stronger smarter lived forever powers special kinds change animals weather snap fingers greek roman gods took sides fought trojan war misbehaved jealous furious philosophers word anthropomorphism refer perception gods human natural try envision deities endow characteristics understand human characteristics god judaism christianity anthropomorphic gods goddesses ancient greece rome mistake deny god conceived anthropomorphic ways god hebrews frequently took side battle testament helping fell walls jericho keeping sun extra hours holding waters red sea god testament human emotions jealous angry commands carried swallowed whales destroying cities notion god loving god carries anthropomorphism mere approximations based fact understand god understand divine love human conception love find
problem arises ask god free knowing misuse badly bit free desires fewer impulses trouble suffering traditional responses god allowed moral latitude provide trust virtue naturally question versus evil salvation versus damnation open question distinctions desirable wouldn humanity stayed garden eden god create temptation lost adam eve created bit fortitude obedience familiar defense need evil order recognize obvious need amount evil suffering order recognize argument familiar defenses rejoiners chapter spell objections replies free solution problem evil agree free defense traditional conception god omnipotent omniscient perfectly laying blame suffering choices solve problem evil free defense partial solution
finally century attack psychoanalytic foundation sigmund freud reduces grand aspirations religion mere illusions worse illusions insecure child properly grown future illusion says turn attention psychical origin religious ideas teachings precipitates experience end results thinking illusions fulfilments oldest strongest urgent wishes mankind secret strength lies strength wishes terrifying impression helplessness childhood aroused need protection protection love provided father recognition helplessness lasts cling existence father powerful benevolent rule divine providence allays fear dangers establishment moral order ensures fulfilment demands justice remained unfulfilled human civilization prolongation earthly existence future local temporal framework wish fulfilments place answers riddles tempt curiosity universe began relation body mind developed conformity underlying assumptions system enormous relief individual psyche conflicts childhood arising father complex conflicts wholly overcome removed brought solution universally accepted
epiphenomenalism timid rejection dualism actually reject dualism minimizes half duality forms attack timid psychology accepted authors talk mental hopeless tangle confusions nature case resolved experiment whatsoever person observe results experiment case nature scientific experiment observable psychologists american theorist john watson practicing call behaviorism today known behaviorist harvard psychologist skinner behaviorism form science refuses consider events publicly witnessed immediately logically excludes mental events behaviorism primarily scientific method need deny existence mental events behaviorists method says scientifically study events bit metaphysics deny mental events watson goes suggest belief consciousness goes ancient days superstition magic insists behaviorist catch average undergraduate student mess tongue tied contradictions concludes concept consciousness complicated confused possibly thing argument consciously scientific alternative mere savage believing magic
agreement philosophers strength hard determinist position assumption event sufficient natural human knowledge vital presuppositions scientific research ordinary everyday beliefs forced intolerable skeptical standstill experience unintelligible universe disconnected stream incoherent happenings predicted understood answer question accept determinist premise give possibly matter rephrased philosophically altered leibniz eliminates concept assumption event universe including actions explained understood knows antecedent conditions presupposition human thinking imagine hard determinist premise undeniable clear understand premise older determinists newtonian period la place understood idea literal push compulsion shove stairs model actions complexity actions billiard balls felt covered table motion wholly determining motion exact movements ball course evident opening break expert player predict accuracy ball
position overcome effects early environment ability product early environment give ability lack blamed sure moral exhortation brings ability lies occasional utility pointless ability thing overcome desire spinoza stronger contrary desire times simply wherewithal producing stronger contrary desire wherewithal lucky emerges foregoing arguments attractive conclusion matter try wriggle free total determinism finding enmeshed hard determinism tried clear small space determinism acts want call free found space hard find suggested act free decision saw decision caused turn decision suggested action free flows person character saw argued act flows person character control responsibility act want say person act free case mean previous arguments act circumstances person effect person
cooperate willingly act public interest forced authority power define public interest enforce definition philosophers call thought instrument government merely bookkeeping organizational institution ideally functioning society act public interest minimally act public interest role necessarily legistlator making laws rules tell act act enforcer applying force threat punishment sure obey laws rules step rights individual threatened pass laws protect rights punish violate ideally function balance public interest individual rights words preserve justice theorists add function citizens public interest individual rights interests coincide hope serve function longer needed bureau records occasional enforcer contracts think end matter pride rallying point citizens football team small town
concern smooth workings society government stronger authoritarian efficient efficiency concerns important argue public interest served government clear justice individual rights importance social contract theory consent governed theories general precisely clear emphasis justice rights general public interest social contract theory entirely clear status individual rights rights concerning freedom concern personal freedom social contract guarantee discussion justice include special concern status basic freedoms inalienable rights rights government freedom speak political opinions harassment freedom worship worship penalized punished freedom defend oneself attack bear arms controversial case freedom pursue interests interfere rights addition add imprisoned reason accused fair trial punished unduly crime committed known list freedoms rights american bill rights appended main body constitution kind contractual guarantee personal rights importance rights indisputable precise formulation extent rights highly debatable
comes question proper relations exist individual general method determining apply theory ethics involving basis moral obligation method anarchists confidence idea moral obligation inherent rights duties totally discard look obligations moral social obligations consciously voluntarily assumed makes agreement combine hold agreement absence agreement anarchists aware agreement god power order whatsoever anarchists utilitarians egoists farthest fullest sense inherent concerned measure question according anarchists purely question strength fortunately question question expediency knowledge science science living science society history humanity largely gradual discovery fact individual gainer society exactly proportion society free law condition permanent harmonious society greatest amount individual liberty compatible equality liberty average generation clearly consciously predecessor neighbor enemy friend mutually recognize fact
science refers logical systematic methods knowledge obtained actual body knowledge produced methods sciences divided main branches natural sciences study physical biological phenomena social sciences study aspects human behavior important differences branches commitment scientific method science natural social assumes underlying order universe events involve molecules human beings haphazard follow pattern sufficiently regular generalizations generalize hydrogen oxygen form water combined temperature similarly generalize human societies create system marriage family generalizations crucial science place isolated seemingly meaningless events patterns understand analyze relationships effect explain happens predict happen conditions future science relies generalizations explanations predictions careful systematic analysis verifiable evidence evidence checked yield results nonscientific common sense explanations hand based belief ancient romans believed sun drawn skies god chariot actually seen happen scientists observed course apparent movement sun caused daily rotations earth observation competent scientist verify methods
sociologist person intensively endlessly shamelessly interested doings natural habitat human gathering places sociologist interested things consuming interest remains institutions history passions interested altogether tedious naturally interested events engage ultimate beliefs moments tragedy grandeur ecstasy fascinated commonplace everyday reverence reverence prevent wanting understand feel revulsion contempt deter wanting questions answered sociologist quest understanding moves respect usual lines demarcation nobility degradation power obscurity intelligence folly equally interesting unequal personal values tastes questions lead levels society known places respected despised sociologist find places questions possession choice seek answers say things lower key say sociologist grace academic title listen gossip despite tempted look keyholes read mail open closed cabinets
culture society unique combinations norms values found americans eat oysters snails french eat snails locusts zulus eat locusts fish jews eat fish pork hindus eat pork beef russians eat beef snakes chinese eat snakes jale guinea find delicious spend lives accumulating private possessions bambuti congo forests spend lives sharing goods kwakiutl pacific northwest periodically gave destroyed ceremonies norms traditionally valued premarital chastity norms mentawei indonesia require women pregnant considered eligible marriage norms keraki guinea require premarital homosexuality male women traditional arab societies cover entire body face american women expose faces breasts entire pelvic region concealed women parts africa expose breasts buttocks genital region women tierra del expose backs tasaday women philippines proceed daily lives stark naked range cultural variation immense specific norm appears human society account variation analyzing components culture look functions play maintaining social order functionalist theorists regard society culture system independent parts argue cultural element understood isolation social cultural
genie confined small bedroom harnessed infant potty seat genie father sewed harness unclad harness genie left sit chair unable move fingers hands feet toes genie left sit tied hour hour night month month night genie forgotten removed harness restraining garment sleeping bag father fashioned hold genie arms stationary allegedly prevent taking effect straight jacket therin constrained genie put infant crib wire mesh sides wire mesh cover overhead caged night harnessed genie left endure hours listen tv radio house genie bedroom house bathroom father intolerance noise conversation family members rest house low volume moments anger father swore genie hear language door received practically auditory stimulation kind bathroom noises windows room open inches occasionally heard airplane overhead traffic environmental noises set house genie heard noise street hungry forgotten genie attempt attract attention making noise
barney glaser anselm strauss extensive studies process dying impersonal environment modern hospital found hospital organized hide fact death patients visitors death expected dying person removed private room sight patients drugs minimize disruption dying person reason medication terms treatment symptoms relief pain relatives forewarned patient turn worse prepared event death staff tries announce deaths abruptly waiting visitors friends relatives apt break emotionally creating kind scene staff anxious avoid deaths course occur unexpectedly regarded troublesome noticed patients attention hospital staff occur visiting hours outsiders present elaborate procedures considered remove corpses causing offense distress patients hospital attempt deny fact death influences internal organization affects nature social interaction staff dying patient staff tries patient ignorance impending death glaser strauss refer situation closed awareness context participant deceived situation differs open awareness context typical earlier times participants share awareness approaching death
parkinson law named writer proposed northcote parkinson law simple bureaucracy expands fill completion natural tendency formal organization parkinson points grow officials busy create tasks due course need assistants official assistant burden official actually increases supervise subordinate subordinate turn submitting reports superior official continues expand assistants officials added responsible solely supervising handling flow communications multiplyng personnel immense amount effort spent form filing memo writing file keeping checking form filing memo writing file keeping parkinson argues virtually activity unnecessary peter principle named discoverer lawrence peter principle simple hierarchy employee tends rise level incompetence peter points officials competent jobs tend promoted competent jobs promoted process continues finally reach job abilities stay result expressed peter corollary post tends occupied employee incompetent carry duties bureaucracies able function peter suggests officials reached level incompetence capable performing jobs efficiently
sociologists tended basic views distribution power wright mills argue american society dominated power elite consisting high officials government corporations elite operates informally makes important decisions affect political economic decisions scenes congress influence sociologists david riesman argue power structure pluralistic view variety powerful interest groups struggle advantage counterbalance run groups compete issues attempt win public support interests information prove disprove views significant ordinary voter figure power elite model marginal element pluralistic model arena local politics power unequally shared decades sociological studies thirty american communities shown power level exercised small elite powerful interest groups walton recurrent complaint american fifteen heard parts political spectrum ordinary citizen powerless influence major decisions political power united states tend white middle aged male protestant significant wealthy studies domhoff anderson allen dye moore useem shown tight knit establishment governing class characteristics group strong informal influence policy decisions economic foreign affairs
twenty ago mostel sketch impersonated dixiecrat senator conducting investigation origins war ii climax sketch senator boomed excruciating mixture triumph suspicion pearl harbor pacific extreme blaming victim twenty ago laugh mostel caricature recent process going arena social problems public health poverty programs social welfare philosopher analyze process prove technically comic funny consider miseducated child slum school blamed miseducation inability read write shorthand phrase cultural deprivation conveys allege inside information poor child carries scanty pack cultural baggage enters school books magazines newspapers say books home mother fails subscribe reader digest say talks unlikely event slum parents don talk children certainly talk correctly manage sit chair say squirms looks window impulse ridden kids motoric verbal word disadvantaged socially deprived say course accounts failure failure say learn school note similarity logic mostel dixiecrat senator
theory parsons bales criticized mainly grounds functionalism defending status quo critics argued traditional sex roles functional preindustrial society sense diversified modern society daily activities women removed primitive origins addition functionalist theory says strains traditional roles place women want play instrumental role society prefer play expressive role says dysfunctions society preventing half population participating fully economic functionalist analysis explain sex role inequalities arose conflict analysis offer explanation persist helen hacker argues women regarded minority group society racial minorities suffer discrimination draws number convincing comparisons situation women situation blacks american society showing groups disadvantage result ascribed status based arbitrary grounds sex race figure parallel exact women unlike blacks found equal proportion dominant group social class simple reason economic status linked husbands fathers stratification women takes unusual form women found positions class hierarchy inferior status position
higher credential means higher earnings simply job market places makes major asset competition jobs turn figure page prestige rankings occupations listed notice prestigious jobs tend known yield highest incomes require longest education landmark study social mobility movement status united states peter blau otis duncan found important factor affecting son achieved higher status father amount education son attained high level education scarce valued resource compete vigorously according conflict theorists remarkable expansion american education recent decades demands economy competition power wealth prestige view pressure increasing credentials comes main sources professions insist high membership qualifications means protecting interests consumers education want credentials advantage profession occupation requiring extensive systematic knowledge training art science professionals try maintain clear distinction lay persons typically form licensing certification awarded socialization process involving college degree advanced credential major purpose requirement limit entrance profession increasing prestige autonomy earning power
charges young recruited groups sun myung moon unification church hare krishna children god undergone total change personality rejected families families values cut ties friends cherished career patterns hobbies show evidence psychosis schizophrenia loss creativity exhibiting robot behavior typical glassy eyed thousand mile stare longer engage rational discussion jargon advancing ideology group assumed behavior product deliberate sinister highly sophisticated plot minds souls young turn robots supposedly forced isolation deprivation food sleep essentials psychological persuasion coercive kind forcible measures assume mythological proportions conversation parents members deprogramming reversal process evidence points fact deprogramming social movement groups seeks oppose obvious question ask young converts simply converts religious group labeled deviant society portion society doubt groups originally accused brainwashing fall deviant category evidence charges spreading deviant number conservative christian groups challenged similar charges raised parents students university kansas converted roman catholicism entered monastic order france humanities course orders medieval society
james ussher irish prelate scholar determined basis evidence found testament god created adam eve october bc clock morning calculation won wide acceptance part popular religious belief western europe doubted challenge dogma geologists wondered saw rock formations product thousand history layers sand gravel clay limestone minerals fossils extinct animals explained terms natural processes extending millions geologist present view systematically james hutton published scorned theologians scientists alike took view extinct creatures killed noah flood existed fossils created god part rocks found geological evidence mounted contained existing belief mere opinions changed sufficiently allow sir charles lyell principles geology book declaring earth millions warmly received scientific theological community stage set interpretation fossilized living evidence earth charles darwin published sensational origin species argued forms continually evolving thousands millions
crowd behavior apparently irrational destructive behavior acting crowds fascinated sociologists unusual phenomenon unlike everyday group behavior explained theory offers general explanation theorists looked specific factors crowd situation give understanding form collective behavior main theories proposed theorists regarded crowd behavior especially acting crowd product group contagion individuals lose identity control earliest systematic version theory proposed french writer gustave le bon argued collective mind emerges crowd situations conscious personality individual members disappearing le bon believed members crowd dominated single impulse act identically capable rational thought caught frenzy crowd collective mind effect merely lowest common denominator emotions members le bon aristocrat members upper classes disliked crowds drawn ranks ordinary citizens reason course dissatisfied crowd readily militant mob governments facing popular unrest lengths ban public gatherings le bon firmly convinced person crowd descends rungs ladder civilization isolated cultivated individual crowd barbarian creature acting instinct today idea collective mind fallacy
significant increase decrease population size growth rates affect disrupt social population grows large puts impossible demands resources result history mass migration resulting cultural diffusion wars migrants invade territories result social disorganization conflict scarce resources society population grows slowly declines numbers faces danger extinction problem societies face today overpopulation pressing social problem contemporary global population continues increase current rate demands food natural resources insupportable reaching social follow including abrupt population decline death rate soars result malnutrition disease wars size population strong influence social relationships small thinly settled populations relationships primary informal face face basis larger densely settled populations social markedly secondary relationships multiply agencies social control emerge institutions formal organizations replace informal groups population growth important effects social demographic structure population social post war ii baby boom gave united states disproportionate number young massive expansion educational facilities fifties sixties today members generation flooding market jobs housing resources baby boom generation ages united states top heavy resulting social
recent talk public figures winning surviving nuclear war reflects widespread failure appreciate facts nuclear war inevitably death disease suffering epidemic proportions effective medical intervention realistic scale impossible recognition leads conclusion public health specialists reached contemporary epidemics lung cancer heart disease prevention essential effective control kinds epidemics result nuclear weapons effects hypothetical nuclear attack major city articles scientific american england journal medicine based studies prepared joint congressional committee atomic energy atomic energy commission part department energy city hypothetical disaster begins megaton bomb equivalent million tons tnt times power hiroshima bomb exploding ground level downtown area excavating crater half mile diameter heavily reinforced concrete structures survive mile radius encompasses hospitals medical personnel area miles blast frame buildings damaged repair detonation bomb release thermal energy miles retinal burns incurred looking fireball blindness miles center firestorm fueled ignited houses foilage oil gasoline storage tanks increase catastrophic damage caused blast
meet joe gotten mental hospital person view person sick insane fugitive funny farm individual human distress needs help questions important generally speaking perceive pretty determines feel treat part tend view joe mystery begging solved human jigsaw puzzle person jointly put picture individual begin small details fitting piece focus happening person present situation look experiences person past try discover future goals individual eventually small details place begin plans human grow change solve problems point conversation joe sat think things clues puzzling young named joe begin middle class male college student recent past neatly dressed clothes presumed money interested looking appeared public
colonel garcia turned officer sitting patrick front desk captain hartman confirmed blond haired nodded quickly yes colonel patrick severe fever caused considerable damage cortex tested eeg machine abnormal spike shaped brain waves show motor areas hemisphere epileptic seizures spikes motor cortex yes course woman responded gazing patrick operation free attacks pat tried smile politely yes ma hurt left hand pat rubbed hand plaster cast covering entire left hand forearm tips fingers free plaster operation couldn walk fell broke hand colonel garcia looked captain hartman confirmed yes colonel rays show compound fracture metacarpal bone wound weeks patrick able left hand freely month scratch nose patrick gently rubbed finger side nose dr tavela angry breaking hand woman asked patrick frowned angry hurt head left smiled sign sign recovery pat thought moment didn say wish colonel garcia breathed deep sigh
suppose later today sitting quietly chair reading suddenly urge eat apple lying table decide reach apple hand urge decision communicated part brain chemical means motor centers cortex transmit order reach apple sending output message muscles arm telling motor nerves synapse arm muscles respond dumping transmitter chemicals muscular synapses transmitters chemical reactions muscles extend contract arm guided apple let add complications suppose hand nears big red fruit notice greatly disturbs crouched apple huge hairy black spider recognize tarantula suddenly nerve cells brain sitting resting shift emergency gear neurons begin dumping transmitter chemicals synapses nervous system impulse jerk hand quickly quick movement part disturb spider attack freeze moment slowly retract hand maybe exit scene gracefully rapidly instant spotted spider hand process reaching apple
major jack amundsen watched dials displays ship control panel cautiously asteroid guiding craft large space ship radioactive detector contained chunk uranium big nasa brass houston happy earn accelerated promotion amundsen sort found promotions accelerating ship inched landing cigar shaped rock amundsen switched landing lights part asteroid surface pitted cracks craters center running rock equator shallow groove appeared reasonably flat bottom amundsen dropped ship depression carefully ship contact pressed button control panel immediately high speed drills ship legs chewed hard rock underneath effectively bolted ship asteroid major amundsen lean command chair relax pretty piloting don think mark bet couldn half robot xsr mark iii sitting major turned head control panel metallic eyes sparkled amusement major programmed landings emergency conditions exploratory space robot pilot robot machine voice musical sounded human explore don let meteorites puncture space suit major smiled joke robot wore space suit
distortions visual caused misinterpretations brain distortions stem physiological problems eye chances wear glasses wear help overcome correctable visual difficulties part problems slight abnormalities shape eyeball eyeball lens tends focus visual image front retina clearly objects clearly distant objects fuzzy blurred call condition fig eyeball short lens tends focus visual image retina directly close objects indistinct distant objects clear focus call condition physiological problems optical defects result eyeball short fig watch carefully movie attend notice woman standing close camera talking distance woman speaking camera focuses face clearly image distant blurred fuzzy sighted person typically sees left photo page dialogue movie continues begins speak camera shifts focus position suddenly woman face close camera blurred distant image sharpens distinct
study reported donald smith restricted environmental stimulation reduce maladaptive behavior patterns autistic children therapy consisted putting child dimly lit quiet room period child showed inappropriate behaviors smith calls procedure treatment similar rest wish call type treatment results achieved encouraging case autistic girl engaged injurious actions face slapping head banging school prior treatment attempt hurt injurious behaviors dropped days case autistic boy screamed loudly class soiled pants times similar therapy smith put boy quiet room briefly misbehaved incidence inappropriate behaviors dropped cases children maintained control skills learned rest cure treatment longer peter suedfeld colleagues canada marshall schechter associates oklahoma reported similar success autistic children groups complete isolation days procedure rest techniques effective helping autistic children reduce inappropriate behaviors smith wished step farther train children positive behaviors social speech thing tried help associates input control device called phonic ear
sex posed problem psychologist theoretical level personal level theory goes sexual needs explainable terms biological needs crucial difference live air water food elimination proper temperature readily pleasantly live entire engaging reproductive behavior whatsoever air person dies minutes weeks months sexual contact person major difference sex physical needs food air water survival individual sex survival species reproductive activities occur compatible individuals find adjust needs momentarily women breathe drink eat sexual behaviors typically presumably sexual motivations reason human sexuality involve learning satisfy desires partner order meet needs society human race higher animals species survival depends getting male female mating occur keeping parents care young large face
noted canadian scientist hans selye outlined states body resources mobilized meet situations excessive physiological stress according selye biological reaction stress follows adaptive pattern selye calls pattern general adaptation syndrome gas according selye gas main stages parts suppose suffer severe physical emotional trauma body immediately respond selye calls alarm reaction stage general adaptation syndrome stage body mind shock temperature blood pressure drop tissues swell fluid muscles lose tone don think clearly later chapter ability file things term memory disrupted part gas stage resistance countershock stage body begins repair damage suffered mind begins function clearly small gland brain releases complex hormone known acth acth acts adrenal glands causing release hormones adrenal hormones counteract shock ways chiefly raising temperature blood pressure pay price resisting shock body supply acth adrenal hormones rapid pace stress continues adrenal glands swell strive produce hormones neutralize stress gas stages sympathetic nervous system intensely aroused emergency continues overwhelming counter reaction occur parasympathetic system takes
kevin lynn began sweat gee things personal don wrong don want hurt feelings mean male doctor talk mean things dr wagner smiled reassuringly lynn blame reluctant talk sexual matters don think women understanding sexual problems sure re thinking wife responsibility relax moment lean chair comfortable don want tell troubling lynn stared woman moment suggestion sighed deeply let limp began talk don satisfy dr wagner worthwhile extra turn voice dropped halting whisper guess told screwed pretty shocked nancy wagner smiled depends takes turn worked impotent took teddy bear bed wife re kidding kevin lynn giggled maybe bad thought sighed whips touch whip bedtime cutting edge say
biology teacher droned dr mayer published articles scientific journals author famous handbook behavior genetics sure want give closest attention let welcome dr mayer nice round applause students clapped loudly whistled dr mayer blinked author famous handbook behavior genetics frankly petrified face class focused waiting expectantly wife elizabeth called pregnant pause told plane stuck say talk sex listen dr mayer adjusted glasses nose permission students talk sex rapt attention gave permission needed scientist interested sex aspects lower animals sex primarily matter hormones instincts humans act love humans lower animals sex beginning living end things starts sex leaves scientists study beginnings consider biological social moral consequences sexual act mayer smiled students wanly months ago read aldous huxley brave huxley renegade artist born family famous scientists late studied effects hallucinogens mescaline human perception interested drugs huxley studied genetics interested social consequences sexual behavior
previous chapters discussed biological social emotional development children young minds bodies behaviors watching intellectual growth child fascinating observing age infant walks social responses makes parents peers cognitive development turn attention beginning chapter listed major themes cut child psychology mind body problem blush cognitive psychologists uniformly resolve issue favor mind speak cognitive development willing admit mind children internal processes follow scientists working area equate cognitive development growth speech problem solving behaviors mind body problem remains important issue field cognitive psychology theme nature nurture controversy greater importance human infants born innate ability think process language skills entirely learned basic structures mind part child genetic blueprint thinking reasoning programmed child social environment soon discover viewpoints topic psychologists working area theme developmental consistency fourth individual differences
darwinian theory pushed farther karl groos taught philosophy switzerland turn century groos believed play generalized instinct caused young organism practice instincts need survive adult groos rough housing boy preparing pleasure fighting adults win hand true love learning skills war groos books play point interesting previously overlooked aspects play involves natural functions organism behaviors random exploring look aimless serve important biological functions say children play instinct play tells human behavior neglects profound influence social inputs feedback children question surplus energy theorist explain anaclitic depression infants deprived mothers play blowing steam stepping rapidly developmental ladder truth play serves functions situations theory explain functions cultures play children explore physical environments acquire motor coordination determine physical limits helps children learn aggression control aggressive behaviors play child practice social roles build sequences behaviors yield approving feedback adults child live
set continuing relationship kind fact started social group joined existence strictest terms group system set persons considered single entity actually definition narrow practical implies groups exist mind beholder real broadly speaking group system individuals psychologically related dependent belong dozens hundreds groups formal membership groups instance apply membership colleges churchs synagogues tennis clubs born family groups ethnic groups groups attending party fairly temporary informal systems groups friends lovers informally structured exist months important groups typically frequent face face encounters obvious reasons called interaction groups set friendship begun interaction group part personal independence create interdependence person join create group lose privilege ignoring group members gain things compensate loss rewards group membership social
giants duke curse voice double damn giants nacirema existed giants huge corporations wanted sell products lacked mystical power effectively giant corporations hired expert wizards royal agency create advertising giant called sponsor agency track sponsor business separate financial account account wizardly royal executive saw things executive job cast spells peasants coax buying giants products stroke giants unhappy empire avenue knew royal surgeon ago determined stroking giants hazardous wealth triple damn widget roared duke standing morosely window duke fact glorified account executive sponsor giant called general widgets order job duke perform boring trivial tasks spending millions dollars traveling attending parties members imperial court drinking martinis lunch duke tried magic giant behalf successful duke gold power brought security quivered quaked highness chairman royal agency board grace prisiding wizard called duke magic carpet quivered quaked giant called telephone giant complaining bitterly widget sales busting booming
looking rank orderings scores tell strong correlation exists distributions fig shows plotted data called scatter diagram pretty straight line scatter diagram shows scores subject scattered distributed graph diagram reversed scores ann iq score gpa bill iq score gpa scatter diagram looked fig generally speaking closer scatter diagram comes straight line tilted left higher correlation variables scores formulas figuring mathematical correlation sets scores formulas yield called correlation coefficient merely coefficient number correlation coefficient sets scores perfectly correlated positive say person highest score test highest test person highest score test highest test correlation coefficient sets scores perfectly correlated negative say person highest score test lowest score person highest score test lowest score test
began living groups tribes communes rules adopted protect group members govern relationships early medieval england formal body written law feudal lord baron administered law court barons courts showed similarities laws tended local regional disputes settled basis local customs judgment baron law common england control king decisions individual cases precedents settling future similar cases originally decisions recorded early common law known unwritten law eventually principles rules announced courts preserved writing rules fixed knew expect similar problems arose future developed known customary common law law origin traditions customs trade practices common law operates rule precedent rule means cases future decided manner court decisions predictable consistent english barons forced adoption magna carta provided writing guarantees protection arbitrary acts king later magna carta revised documents english bill rights adopted american colonies settled colonists adopted principles magna carta common law primarily body unwritten legal principles
recent legislation students parents students inspect challenge control extent release information student school records legally students determine curriculum school regulations control school property practical procedure learning experience schools provide student government student participation activities experiences hoped students learn wisdom compromising differing points view gain understanding importance obeying rules agreements democratically decided disagree schools permit students establish rules conduct including student courts discipline fellow students violate rules school authorities legally responsible legal limits school authorities establishing rules due process clause fourteenth amendment united states constitution regulations arbitrary capricious means regulations simply reflect personal prejudices likes dislikes students entitled free speech regulations deprive evident incident material substantial disruption interfere school united states supreme court held free speech subject reasonable restrictions place manner duration light special environment school likewise reason adopting rule prohibiting extreme styles dress personal grooming fact rules styles
thought consumers protected system simply keeping business competitive protecting honest businesspeople dishonest era big business single individual influence marketplace ability cope power large companies statutes enacted states federal government solve problem unequal power antitrust monopoly laws discussed chapters examples numerous regulatory administrative agencies established federal trade commission food drug administration departments real estate insurance banking course basic law contracts torts crimes provided protection kinds violations defrauded cheated contract aid court action party contract laws bailment sales agency include remedies rights disregarded consumer remedies laws expensive enforced worth enforcing large sums money involved similarly getting relief administrative agencies largely oriented business difficult frustrating futile consumers protected adequately additional safeguards needed reflecting social occurred taking place concern human environmental quality special statutes enacted cities states federal government specific protection consumer
today recognizes privacy congress enacting privacy act relating collection circulation personal information government agencies stated privacy personal fundamental protected constitution united states invasion privacy unwelcome unlawful intrusion trespass private outrage mental suffering humiliation privacy left wishes includes freedom unnecessary publicity regarding personal matters freedom commercial exploitation picture endorsement permission bans eavesdropping listening electronic devices interference telephone calls unauthorized opening letters telegrams invasion tort unlimited public figures politicians actors actresses news limited rights privacy individual legal form liberty pursue business trade profession minimum standards set law licensed trades barred qualifying establish conduct lawful business violated interference business tort committed recognized separate interference contract tort person contract unlawfully induced breach wrongs committed intentionally maliciously mere fact person injured business give rise tort action fair competition service reduced prices results injury competitor prohibited dishonest dealing unjustifiable malicious acts intentionally injure victim sue tort
offeror intend reasonable person intend create legal obligation proposal accepted agreements expected legally enforced friends agree attend party evening contract intended formed persons date offended sue legal remedy courts enforce person promised social invitation intended create legal obligation things offers making contract parties discuss negotiate reach acceptable terms party willingness consider terms making offer newspaper magazine advertisements advertisements mail form letters radio tv ads similar announcements generally held invitations offers offers person advertises sale expected sell replies advertisement person limited number items sale answering advertisement tendering purchase price suits advertised ginsburg offeror merle mart matter goodwill businesspeople effort deliver merchandise advertised advertisement sufficiently definite clear worded give reasonable reader believe offer mere invitation offer acceptance form contract
vontz wrote madden seen collection antique glass bottles offer hear contrary send truck pick bottles pay week receiving reply vontz tried hold madden items stated offer madden bound acceptance mental decision communicated person duty reply offers generally means offeror frame offer silence acceptance madden problem bound vontz offer buy bottle collection transactions known unilateral contracts parties makes promise offeror promises return performance act offeree offeror promise reward return lost ring accept offer offeree perform act requested act require substantial held offer revoked offeree begun performance reasonable amount complete cases contract bilateral parties promises seller promises deliver requested goods exchange buyer promise pay agreed price bilateral contracts require offeree communicate requested promise offeror agreement acceptance communicated orally person telephone writing mail telegraph offeror method offeree
wesley loaned hudson repaid months debt due hudson money offered give wesley diamond tie tack worth hudson discharge contractual obligation offering give wesley tie tack paying money contract parties assume obligations discharge contract termination obligations occurs parties perform promised released responsibilities ordinarily parties perform promised failure perform accord contract terms breach contract partial performance discharge obligation breach contract party give party treat obligation discharged terminated party terminates sales contract breach party ucc word cancellation party remedy breach contract lost canceling rights discussed chapter contract calls payment money performance requires payment exact amount date money owed need accept problem wesley obligation accept diamond tie tack payment check payment debt payable money acceptance check merely suspends debt check processed collection debt discharged check paid bank contract clearly requires performance date essence
winkler rented ocean city cabin magaletti summer season magaletti acquire property lease speaks property think tangible things touch book desks clothing buildings land rest airplanes air autos highways boats waterways reflection bring mind types property touch intangible goodwill coca cola brand secret formula important intangible property evidenced legal documents patent invention minicomputer copyright book franchise sell leading brand hamburgers hometown collect money automobile insurance policy according law property thing tangible intangible subject ownership bundle rights interests recognized government protected law suppose land house correctly call property ownership number legal rights include rights possess enjoy dispose gift sale consume destroy give death rent lease property rent tenant acquires property land building problem magaletti acquired property interest cabin person total bundle rights property property classified real personal
deposit bank checking savings account lend money bank owner bailment bank agree return depositor identical coins currency checks received hand lending collection rare coins museum special exhibit bailment coins returned bailor banks rent safe deposit boxes customers bailees mutual benefit ordinary sense renter box bank key box opened keys bank exclusive possession property courts hold relation landlord tenant bank allow authorized persons access box ordinarily lien contents box rental charge disputes damage cars parking lots liability affected bailment relationship owner drives lot parks car keeps key later drive car permission attendant continues possession car merely rented space bailment relationship exists possession transferred bailment attendant takes possession car owner claim check surrendered obtain car later questions arise bailment car equipment bailment articles attached enclosed articles visible
common law warranty liability dependent contract parties buyer sue proceed seller intermediate sellers distant manufacturer buyer seller parties contract privity contract courts denied injured parties sue privity contracts ucc broadens common law rule injured persons buyer family household including guests sue courts states abandoned requirement privity contract permit injured non user sue retailers intermediate sellers manufacturers today manufacturer producer makes inaccurate misleading factual statements advertising labels liable resulting injuries consumers goods defective dangerous maker similarly liable resulting harm case manufacturer producer intermediate sellers supplier liable responsibility product liability based warranty fraud negligence increasingly theory strict tort liability manufacturer expected product safe purpose intended requires care design fabrication including inspection testing product ingredients components warning notice dangers product required packages cigarettes hand liability product purpose intended gasoline clean clothes reasonably foreseen
buyer sue dollar damages seller repudiates contract deliver goods buyer entitled difference contract price market price buyer learned breach incidental consequential damages recovered incidental damages include reasonable expenses inspect transport care goods rightfully rejected commissions paid obtain replacement goods expenses caused breach consequential damages include losses resulting needs buyer seller knew known contract reasonably prevented cover consequential damages extend injuries person property proximately result breach warranty buyer accepts goods notice nonconformity measure damages breach loss resulting normal course events ordinarily breach warranty courts award difference goods accepted warranted warranted product personal injury destruction property victim want cents dollars product cost consequential damages higher happen cleaning fluid advertised harmless fabric caused permanent splotches properly oriental rug television set short circuited defective wiring burned buyer house breach contract buyer accept goods claim deduction price damages breach
sheen bought solitaire diamond engagement ring fiancee exclusive jewelry store month conditional sales contract ring paid full clear title secured transaction recall chapter creditor holding ordinary debt sue debtor fails pay due goes creditor eventually recover owned means judgment execution debtor general assets debtor ordinary creditors similar claims rights debtor property exempt seizure sale court order laws permit creditors force debtors poverty reduce risk loss creditor insist specific property owned bought debtor security payment claim steps creditor priority creditors property security true debtor goes bankruptcy default recovery generally repossessing selling security personal property creditor acquires agreement termed security interest secured transaction business deal creditor security interest personal property creditor actual possession property pledge property allowed remain possession debtor case property involved called collateral
upper peninsula fruit cooperative employed large numbers students pickers packers cherry harvest save preparing payroll checks dean sayre op treasurer signed rubber stamp read upper peninsula fruit cooperative dean sayre treasurer checks validly signed commercial paper writing subject parol evidence rule page signed maker drawer intent create legal obligation writing entirely ink typewriter printed form terms written typed pencil impression durable invite alteration legally medium writing surface inscription provided end result recognizable writing conflict provisions written hand typed printed handwriting prevails page theory likely reflect true intention party similarly typewritten terms prevail printed personalized customized western bank honored check pay amount expressed words prevails amount figures large discrepancy bank likely consult drawer check paying form signature generally immaterial person intends complete signature maker drawer sign means rubber stamp problem wise signatures easily duplicated dishonest person
person act faith honesty consider company consistently defrauds customers door door sales promissory notes payment promptly transfer finance company knows fraudulent practice case firm acting honestly finance company qualify hdc hdc abbreviation holder due course unit person give courts test adequacy contracts amount paid slight comparison received suggests fraud note exchange cash property fraud unconscionability suspected proven person actual knowledge facts constitute defense action brought party paper claim ownership party dishonor paper occurred words qualify hdc facts paper payable according terms holder received information reasonably careful person investigate commercial paper accepting deemed notice defenses mere grounds suspicion constitute notice holder notice paper contained signs alteration merely postdated notice received getting paper alter hdc status
proper presentment dishonor notice thereof unqualified indorsers paper drawer case draft check notice oral written identify paper dishonored oral notice face face telephone practice confirmed writing proper mailing written notice constitutes giving due notice lost en route notice midnight business dishonor saturday sunday counted commercial paper dishonored wednesday holder midnight monday give notice delay giving notice dishonor excused circumstances delay making presentment special cases notice required draft dishonored nonacceptance holder proceed immediately drawer indorsers paid wait present paper payment due date peary payee holder draft drawn byrd walker dated january due ten days later peary presented draft acceptance walker drawee january january walker strapped cash peary suggested taking sharper pencil think january walker flatly refused accept point peary give due notice dishonor drawer byrd legal action byrd payment peary need wait date maturity paper present payment drawee
automobile combustion takes place inside engine automotive engines called internal combustion engines internal combustion engine container put air fuel start burning air fuel burned engine container cylinder cylinder metal tube closed end movable plug called piston installed inside cylinder small space piston top top cylinder space called combustion chamber figure burning takes place drops gasoline space piston piston pushed cylinder gasoline air combustion chamber tightly squeezed mixture gasoline air squeezed tightly ignited electric spark burning combustion increases pressure combustion chamber pushes piston cylinder force figure order power developed moving piston rod called connecting rod connected bottom piston piston moves downward connecting rod moves downward downward movement piston connecting rod changed circular rotary movement part called crankshaft crankshaft shaft ends mounted rotate middle crankshaft offset shaped lower end connecting rod connected middle offset part figure upper end connecting rod joined piston pin called wrist pin piston pin
hand tools engine overhaul hundreds hand tools mechanic able select correct hand tool job section look hand tools commonly automotive engine rebuilding engine parts held fasteners cap screws studs bolts nuts wrenches tools designed tighten loosen fasteners sizes bolts nuts cap screws wrenches sizes size wrench determined size nut bolt head fits wrench shown figure mm stamped means opening wrench millimeters wide flats fit bolt head nut millimeters wide flats wrench sizes metric system customary system metric wrenches sizes mm mm mm wrenches customary inch system fractional sizes types wrenches figure open end wrenches opening end allow wrench bolt nut open end wrenches sizes shapes open end wrenches size openings ends box end wrenches designed opening fit bolt nut box end wrenches tight space open end wrenches permit mechanic apply force danger wrench slipping nut bolt
item measured anvil spindle faces thimble turned anvil spindle contact item measured dimension read markings sleeve thimble spindle screw ground extremely precise specifications lead screw customary system micrometer exactly twenty thousandths inch simply means revolution screw moves spindle inch anvil forty turns screw move spindle exactly inch scale sleeve divided parts equal inch starting spindle anvil turning screw revolution thimble uncover divisions sleeve fourth division numbered starting mark spindle anvil numbered division closed position unnumbered divisions bevel front thimble divided equal parts thimble spindle travel inch revolution divisions bevel divisions read distance spindle moves partial revolutions thimble mark revolution moves spindle reading measurement micrometers matter addition read measurement add visible numbered division sleeve unnumbered sleeve divisions divisions bevel thimble typical micrometer measurement shown figure
engine coolant oil drained drain coolant valve opened bottom radiator tank coolant oil draining mechanic continue prepare engine removal fender covers fenders protect paint air cleaner removed vehicles emission control equipment vacuum lines connected air cleaner line identified masking tape wrapped lines connecting points numbered code written tape electrical connections alternator ignition emission control system warning lights disconnected masking tape help identify wire later figure battery removed vehicle stored charger prevent discharging fuel line tank fuel pump disconnected plugged prevent fuel leakage fuel injection lines pressure engine check bleeddown procedure disconnecting fuel injection line throttle linkage disconnected carburetor fuel injection line radiator removed provide sufficient clearance remove engine top bottom radiator hoses disconnected mounting bolts radiator removed radiator lifted heater hoses disconnected engine vehicles equipped power steering require powersteering pump unbolted engine unit side engine compartment removing unit disconnect hydraulic lines procedure air conditioners compressor unbolted engine set disconnecting refrigerant lines lines disconnected system require recharging
engine lifted vehicle chain hoist mobile crane chain hoist figure gears provide mechanical advantage lifting heavy engine mobile crane figure called cherry picker hydraulic power lifting pulling sling cable shown figure attached engine engines hooks eyes designed lifting engine figure hooks eyes sling bolted engine bolts removed front rear engine reinstalled sling bolts large deep engine support load prevent damage components engine lifted carefully recheck top bottom engine sure disconnected lift engine slightly mounts check sling attachments sure holding securely carefully lift engine engine compartment figure engine lowered floor hoist crane transmission unbolted rear engine engine clutch pressure plate friction disc removed transmission automatic torque converter removed engine disassembly easier engine mounted engine stand engine stand engine rotated position engine fastened stand transmission bell housing bolts attached rear engine engine stand mounting plate figure bolted rear engine
disassemble bottom engine oil pan removed bottom engine engine stand turned remove pan oil completely drained sure turning engine oil pan removing attaching bolts check connecting rod main bearing caps factory match mark indicating position figure engine manufacturers mark connecting rods extremely important stamp unmarked connecting rods number punches cap rod removal figure line engine rods marked side engine rods marked side accessible remove connecting rod cap nuts remove rod caps care scratch crankshaft journals rod cap studs cover rod cap studs pieces rubber hose aluminum tubing shown figure help prevent crankshaft damage push piston rod assembly top cylinder shown figure repeat procedure engine pistons disassembling piston connecting rod mark piston underside scratch awl identify connecting rod attached engines full floating piston pins lock rings ends piston pin hold piston retaining rings removed pliers shown figure pin pushed piston connecting rod figure
install grinding stone holder pilot shown figure install driver spindle holder start driver motor light pressure grinding sure support weight shown figure let run high speed seconds cutting remove pits leave precision ground surface steel seats require roughing wheel fast finishing cast iron seats finishing wheel grinding stellite induction hardened seats remove small amount metal grinding hardened surface hardened seats quickly dull grinding wheel dressed frequently servicing hardened seats valve seat grinding operation extremely important valve sealing valve grinding operation provide correct valve seat contact shown figure grinding resurface seat wider seat reconditioned seat wider manufacturer narrowed seat narrowed grinding material top bottom valve seat narrowing stone small angle remove material top seat shown figure material removed bottom seat stone large angle order determine narrow top bottom paint valve seat contact area bluing install valve push seat turn lift valve look face
operation valve service regrind chamfer valve stem tip called stemming valve insure proper centering valve chucked valve grinder valve clamped stem bracket advanced side grinding wheel micrometer feed coolant pumped wheel valve grinding stem end contacts wheel valve moved wheel side figure material removed resurface tip grinding top chamfered valve positioned fixture advanced wheel rotated hand grind slight chamfer tip figure grinding valves grinding wheel dressed trued dressing diamond mounted tool post figure step move chuck carriage extreme left position diamond holder post diamond overhang front post place attachment diamond clears wheel slightly point slight angle wheel face left wheel firmly tighten attachment chuck carriage plate diamond overhang protects chuck wheel grit dressing grinding start machine carefully advance grinding wheel feed wheel avoid gouging adjusting diamond dressing apply coolant pass diamond wheel feeding cuts mm pass feed screw micrometer thimble graduated increments
carefully check valve lifter wear likely surface wear bottom lifter contacts camshaft figure cupping pitting common types wear area pushrod seat worn evidence surface deterioration lifter replaced lifters checked fit lifter bores block place lifter lifter bore try move side side side movement excessive clearance excessive clearance requires oversize lifters installed manufacturers select fit lifters size lifters matched size lifter bores sure replace lifter bore took hydraulic valve lifters tested leakdown rate leakdown tester figure lifter container level fluid oil kerosene weighted rod mounted pushrod seat weighted rod push lifter plunger bottom bore measured faster lifter leaks worn stuck lifter leakdown rate leakdown rate specifications lifter serviced hydraulic lifter fails leakdown test disassembled inspection figure remove retaining ring top lifter body remove pushrod seat plunger check valve assembly clean parts cold tank remove varnish inspect parts wear fit plunger lifter body critical
machined bore rod cap attached big end connecting rod insert bearing fits called saddle bore area wears round condition round saddle bore stretch power stroke top saddle bore severe load figure bottom saddle bore load call load area uneven load application eventually stretches saddle bore round insert bearing installed stretched saddle bore short service saddle bore measured determine round method measuring round telescoping gauge micrometer choose telescoping gauge fit saddle bore expand cap rod place telescoping gauge saddle bore direction cap mating surfaces figure expand gauge light drag saddle bore tighten handle remove gauge measure gauge micrometer record measurement place gauge saddle bore direction measurement sure gauge contact mating surface rod cap bearing lock grooves record measurement difference measurements round measurable round means saddle bore recondtioned connecting rod replaced size saddle bore compared manufacturer specifications bore round worn oversize
piston looks perfectly round sizes ring land area piston smaller diameter skirt area skirt area pistons oval shape cold skirt contact cylinder walls prevent piston slap oval piston skirt called cam ground equipment machine cam ground piston warms engine expands expands round maintains proper piston cylinder wall clearance cam ground piston larger skirt piston pin hole direction piston pin mechanic measures piston skirt area largest place micrometer piston adjust piston skirt piston pin hole figure measure piston record results compare piston size piston diameter specifications manufacturer service manual repeat procedure piston variation piston size mm mm piston damaged remeasure piston reinspect consider replacing undersize piston top piston ring groove subjected severe operating conditions ring operates hottest part cylinder receives lubricant job top ring seal compression pressures fits tightly cylinder fits tightly sides piston ring groove ring groove wear shown figure mechanic install piston ring worn groove result high oil consumption compression loss possibly ring breakage
set piston rings typically set rings piston individually boxed figure piston ring set rings piston ring groove identified instructions provided correct installation mechanic remove compression rings package measure ring end gap end gap space ends ring figure installed cylinder minimum maximum ring gaps check end gap push ring lower unworn portion cylinder ring square cylinder pushing ring bore head piston puts ring bore proper depth squares cylinder walls feeler gauge measure ring end gap shown figure checking measurement listed specifications double check ring set correct size important rings minimum gap provide difference expansion occur piston ring cylinder ring ends butt scuffing scoring ring breakage engine seizure end clearance required minimum caused cylinder undersize wrong ring set end gap leakage ring end gap satisfactory rings installed piston compression rings installed top side top piston instructions provided piston ring sets explain ring goes groove direction installed
attach chain hoist engine lift slightly disconnect engine engine stand lower engine floor block securely flywheel flexplate installed transmission standard shift clutch connected flywheel place clutch disc pressure plate mounting position touch disc facing dirt grease facing clutch chatter insert clutch disc aligning arbor hub disc pilot bushing shown figure arbor spare transmission input clutch shaft install clutch cover attaching bolts avoid bending clutch cover bolts tightened alternately turns snug torque wrench tighten bolts specifications raise transmission clutch shaft centered clutch housing bore push transmission slowly forward transmission input shaft enters clutch disc figure turn input shaft splines aligned transmission forward seats clutch housing allow transmission hang input shaft entered clutch disc install transmission clutch housing bolts tighten bolts specifications torque wrench automatic transmission installed torque converter pushed engagement transmission front pump bolted flexplate raise engine transmission assembly chain hoist crane lower engine engine compartment figure align motor mounts crossmembers weight supported
accessories installed oil coolant added engine ready start sure fire blanket fire extinguisher vehicle shown figure engine correct backfire started happens fuel leak fire start ready fight fire open shop doors connect exhaust pipes ventilation system prevent dangerous build carbon monoxide ignition distributor timed engine crank engine top dead center tdc timing marks front pulleys aligned pointer front engine shown figure piston number cylinder top stroke compression stroke exhaust stroke engine number piston compression exhaust ways find number cylinder compression stroke remove valve cover observe rocker arm overhead cam piston compression valves closed noticeable valve lash solid lifter engine overhead camshaft lobes positioned close valves find compression stroke remove spark plug number cylinder helper crank engine push thumb spark plug hole sure spark plug wire shock feel definite difference compression exhaust stroke compression stroke push air strongly thumb exhaust stroke pushes lightly
carefully rotate dial indicator indicator needle exactly lined mark dial face changing pre load indicator rotate crankshaft slowly direction normal rotation indicator shows lifter raised amount exactly equal checking clearance checking height specification provided camshaft manufacturer tag provided camshaft read degree wheel pointer top center mark wheel corresponds point intake valve opening top center prescribed checking clearance height figure written continue rotate crankshaft direction lifter rides opening flank cam lobe nose lobe closing flank lobe indicator needle shows checking clearance reached closing side lobe count number degrees pointer bottom center mark degree wheel corresponds point intake valve closing bottom center figure written added order obtain duration prescribed checking clearance figure procedure carried intake lifter number cylinder indicator transferred exhaust lifter cylinder entire operation repeated case exhaust opening checking clearance height reached point bottom center intake number degrees bottom center mark degree wheel point checking height reached counted logged
business records order operate successfully true smallest largest business profit making organization smallest farm corner grocery store largest corporation exact records true nonprofit organizations family church american red cross united states government reasons business system collecting reporting information information required sound decisions planning proper control business matter rich business today survival future depends making wise decisions control resources accurate information activities business helps making decisions profit making nonprofit organizations report persons organization income tax reports filed government businesses wishing borrow money banks report financial condition profit making businesses send financial reports owners nonprofit organizations give financial reports provide funds reported information assurance banker loan repaid owners investment managed properly members nonprofit organizations contributions spent wisely information business collects written dollars cents values orderly records financial activities individual business called accounting records planning records summarizing convenient interpretation analyzing advise called accounting person plans summarizes analyzes financial records called accountant
beginning balance sheet shows beginning financial position business balance sheet starting place accounting system periodically business needs date financial position month month shaw proprietor rainbow car wash want business business making profit operating loss business worth month provide data future balance sheets financial statements orderly accounting system accounting system started making data beginning balance sheet part permanent records recording data beginning balance sheet books business book records business written called journal record journal called entry entry records data shown beginning balance sheet called opening entry journal book entries recorded journal known book original entry kinds journals nature business extent activities determine types journals needed journal amount columns journal amount columns kinds entries recorded called general journal standard form column general journal rainbow car wash shown top page accounting clerk makes entry journal written evidence support entry
beginning balance sheet shows beginning financial position business opening entry journal beginning balance sheet opening entry complete record assets liabilities capital accounting system started business conducts operations occur assets liabilities capital goods services bought sold cash received paid debts incurred paid exchange property services called business transaction wash rainbow car wash sells customer business transaction minute equipment exchanged fifty cents customer deposits coin box business transaction change amount balance sheet items accounting system show business assets liabilities capital accounting records showing increases decreases assets liabilities capital include separate page sheet card balance sheet item accounting form sort summarize caused business transactions called account group accounts called ledger manual accounting ledger loose leaf book information recorded ledger secured journal ledger known book secondary entry machine accounting ledger consist ledger sheets ledger cards tray file accounts ruled ways form ruling amount columns debit column credit column
amount general debit column cash journal posted debit side account named account title column amount general credit column cash journal posted credit side account named account title column amounts recorded general debit general credit columns cash journal posted frequent intervals month frequent posting keeps accounts ledger date prevents accumulation end month individual amounts total general column posted separately total general column posted total column posted heading column account check mark parentheses total general columns show totals posted illustration page shows check mark total general columns cash journal bottom portion cash journal rainbow car wash indicating posting column totals shown cash journal rainbow car wash cash debit column cash credit column sales credit column special columns heading special columns account ledger debited credited frequently month individual amounts entered special columns posted separately total special column posted saves labor posting total special column posted account named column heading
double entry accounting debit amount equal credit amount business transaction recorded journal double entry system opportunities checking accuracy accounting proving accuracy cash journal rainbow car wash chapter sum totals debit columns found equal sum totals credit columns errors posting total debit amounts ledger equal total credit amounts ledger total debit balances accounts ledger equal total credit balances proof equality debits credits ledger called trial balance illustration trial balance page trial balance consists heading list ledger account titles balance account debit credit amount column total amount column totals trial balance equal proves ledger balance seen subsequent chapters trial balance helpful step finding profit loss business accounts ledger footed account balances calculated trial balance prepared account entries side debit column credit column footed footing smaller side subtracted larger side difference footings written item column side account larger total
owner business needs business transactions resulted profit loss knowing business helps owner decisions future operations information needed find profit loss business contained ledger accounts information needs summarized analyzed trial balance summarizes information ledger accounts summary show amount profit loss accounts trial balance analyzed profit loss business determined column sheet presented chapter step finding profit loss business preparing date financial statements accounting paper number amount columns sort analyze information called analysis paper amount columns classify summarize amounts trial balance number amount columns depends kind size business analysis paper financial condition business summarized called sheet sheet summarize financial condition business assist preparation financial reports preparation financial reports chapter sheet part permanent records business prepared pencil business analyzes financial condition prepares financial statements regular intervals length analysis business operations called fiscal period fiscal period known accounting period
sales transaction agreement merchandise paid later date called sale merchandise account sale merchandise account known charge sale credit sale person business sale account called charge customer gift summarizes single general ledger account total due charge customers general ledger account titled accounts receivable accounts receivable asset account source document recording sale merchandise account sales invoice sales invoice known sales ticket sales slip sales invoice gift shown sales invoice gift prepared duplicate original copy accountant source document carbon copy charge customer transaction sales invoice shown sale merchandise account increases amount collected customers asset account accounts receivable debit balance increased debit side accounts receivable debited chapter describes gift keeps records amounts collected charge customer transaction increases balance sales account revenue account sales credit balance increased credit side sales credited entry sale merchandise account line combination journal pages date written date column amount debited accounts receivable written accounts receivable debit column
transaction lines combination journal pages date written date column supplies special column amount debited supplies recorded general debit column title account debited supplies written account title column amount credited accounts payable written accounts payable credit column line creditor martinez supplies written account title column indented half inch centimeters brace date column show entries lines belong transaction number memorandum written doc column capital account balance caused kinds entries owner invests additional capital owner withdraws assets net income net loss recorded cash journal entry recording additional investment cash owner pages procedure record additional owner investment combination journal general journal entry closing net income net loss capital account page similar closing entry combination journal later chapter assets business personal owner called withdrawals withdrawals reduce amount capital business capital account credit balance decreases recorded debits withdrawals recorded debits owner capital account withdrawals recorded separate account
prove cash pages posting completed accountant compares balance general ledger cash account cash proof balance cash account november shown page accountant figured amount cash proved shown pages accountant assumes cash posted accurately cash account cash proof important transactions affect cash account chances error cash balance controlling account general ledger equal sum account balances subsidiary ledger list customers shows balance due customer total amount due customers called schedule accounts receivable schedule accounts receivable prepared posting subsidiary ledger completed schedule prepared november gift shown balance accounts receivable account general ledger page total schedule accounts receivable equals balance accounts receivable account general ledger accounts receivable ledger proved list creditors shows balance owed creditor total amount owed creditors called schedule accounts payable schedule accounts payable prepared posting subsidiary ledger completed schedule accounts payable prepared november gift shown balance accounts payable account general ledger page
accountant sheet plan adjustments general ledger accounts assemble data needed preparing income statement balance sheet accounts changed posting journal entries adjustments columns sheet data journalizing adjusting entries income statement columns data making journal entries close revenue cost expense accounts adjustment adjustments columns sheet recorded journal posted general ledger accounts gift adjusting entries shown sheet page partial sheet shows adjustment beginning merchandise inventory gift november debit credit parts adjustment identified letter adjusting entry beginning merchandise inventory gift shown combination journal page general ledger accounts affected entry shown words adjusting entries written middle account title column combination journal line adjusting entry heading explains adjusting entries follow indicating source document unnecessary adjusting entry beginning merchandise inventory debits income summary credits merchandise inventory entry transfers beginning balance merchandise inventory account debit side income summary account adjusting entry posted debit balance merchandise inventory account canceled credit entry merchandise inventory account balance partial sheet shows adjustment ending merchandise inventory gift november
rainbow car wash part column ledger account form end fiscal period general ledger accounts footed ruled balanced balancing prepares accounts fiscal period pages gift column general ledger account form separate columns debit balance credit balance entry posted general ledger account account balance figured recorded balance column account closed short line drawn debit credit balance columns general ledger account shows current balance times reason need foot rule balance general ledger accounts gift ending balance fiscal period beginning balance fiscal period adjusting closing entries posted general ledger appears shown pages income statement accounts revenue cost expense accounts balances balances result closing entries closed balance sheet accounts asset liability capital accounts show balances november balances open balances balance sheet accounts agree amounts shown balance sheet page balances shown general ledger accounts november beginning balances december page opened account unnecessary write beginning balance december post closing trial balance adjusting closing entries posted
business records order operate successfully true smallest largest business profit making organization smallest farm corner grocery store largest corporation exact records true nonprofit organizations family church american red cross united states government reasons business system collecting reporting information information required sound decisions planning proper control business matter rich business today survival future depends making wise decisions control resources accurate information activities business helps making decisions profit making nonprofit organizations report persons organization income tax reports filed government businesses wishing borrow money banks report financial condition profit making businesses send financial reports owners nonprofit organizatons give financial reports provide funds reported information assurance banker loan repaid owners investment managed properly members nonprofit organizations contributions spent wisely information business collects written dollars cents values orderly records financial activities individual business called accounting records planning records summarizing convenient interpretation analyzing advise called accounting
beginning balance sheet shows beginning financial position business balance sheet starting place accounting system periodically business needs date financial position month month shaw proprietor rainbow car wash want business business making profit operating loss business worth month provide data future balance sheets financial statements orderly accounting system accounting system started making data beginning balance sheet part permanent records recording data beginning balance sheet books business book records business written called journal record journal called entry entry records data shown beginning balance sheet called opening entry journal book entries recorded journal known book original entry kinds journals nature business extent activities determine types journals needed journal amount columns journal amount columns kinds entries recorded called general journal standard form column general journal rainbow car wash shown top page accounting clerk makes entry journal written evidence support entry
beginning balance sheet shows beginning financial position business opening entry journal beginning balance sheet opening entry complete record assets liabilities capital accounting system started business conducts operations occur assets liabilities capital goods services bought sold cash received paid debts incurred paid exchange property services called business transaction wash rainbow car wash sells customer business transaction minute equipment exchanged fifty cents customer deposits coin box business transaction change amount balance sheet items accounting system show business assets liabilities capital accounting records showing increases decreases assets liabilities capital include separate page sheet card balance sheet item accounting form sort summarize caused business transactions called account group accounts called ledger manual accounting ledger loose leaf book information recorded ledger secured journal ledger known book secondary entry machine accounting ledger consist ledger sheets ledger cards tray file accounts ruled ways form ruling amount columns debit column credit column
accounts ledger arranged order financial reports arrangement makes easy locate group accounts listed balance sheet assets asset accounts liabilities capital ledger asset accounts liability accounts capital account groups accounts division ledger addition groups balance sheet accounts ledger rainbow car wash division revenue accounts division expense accounts divisions arranged ledger order shown left chart accounts business outlines order accounts ledger chart accounts serves guide journalizing showing account titles recording business transactions chart accounts rainbow car wash shown page chart accounts divisions digit numbering system rent expense account numbered digit number ledger division expense accounts located digit shows rent expense fourth account expenses division ledger ledgers businesses divisions businesses numerous accounts numbering system digits portion cash journal rainbow car wash august posted shown page complete cash journal posting showing transactions august illustrated page
amount general debit column cash journal posted debit side account named account title column amount general credit column cash journal posted credit side account named account title column amounts recorded general debit general credit columns cash journal posted frequent intervals month frequent posting keeps accounts ledger date prevents accumulation end month individual amounts total general column posted separately total general column posted total column posted heading column account check mark parentheses total general columns show totals posted illustration page shows check mark total general columns cash journal bottom portion cash journal rainbow car wash indicating posting column totals shown cash journal rainbow car wash cash debit column cash credit column sales credit column special columns heading special columns account ledger debited credited frequently month individual amounts entered special columns posted separately total special column posted saves labor posting total special column posted account named column heading
cash journal rainbow car wash page debit columns left account title column credit columns gift combination journal number columns columns arranged accurate recording posting easier debit credit columns cash accounts receivable accounts payable arranged pairs arrangement helps avoid errors recording amounts wrong columns cash debit credit columns transaction leftof account title column remaining columns account title column general debit credit columns position amounts special columns provided close account titles written account title column memorandum entry beginning cash balance recorded combination journal beginning month similar entry rainbow car wash cash journal entry recorded journal beginning cash balance readily proving cash entry posted check mark post ref column memorandum entry gift november line combination journal pages goods business purchases resell customers called cost merchandise costs merchandise deductions revenue business costs merchandise recorded debits costs merchandise separate division general ledger shown chart accounts page
form prepared buyer describing desires buy called purchase order gift prepares purchase orders duplicate shown left original copy firm merchandise purchased carbon copy filed gift purchase orderis offer buy represent completed transaction purchase order source document journal entry seller sends merchandise buyer seller prepares form showing form describing goods shipped method shipment quantity price goods called invoice copyof invoice seller source document recording sale merchandise called sales invoice copy invoice buyer source document recording purchase merchandise called purchase invoice purchase invoice received gift illustrated left purchase invoice lists quantity description price item shipped total amount invoice gift purchase order number gift receives purchase invoice date number stamped upper hand corner numbers assigned sequence identify purchase invoices stamped invoice shown page number assigned gift purchase invoice number confused seller invoice number printed buyer needs items ordered received correct prices
transaction lines combination journal pages date written date column supplies special column amount debited supplies recorded general debit column title account debited supplies written account title column amount credited accounts payable written accounts payable credit column line creditor martinez supplies written account title column indented half inch centimeters brace date column show entries lines belong transaction number memorandum written doc column capital account balance caused kinds entries owner invests additional capital owner withdraws assets net income net loss recorded cash journal entry recording additional investment cash owner pages procedure record additional owner investment combination journal general journal entry closing net income net loss capital account similar closing entry combination journal laterchapter assets business personal owner called withdrawals withdrawals reduce amount capital business capital account credit balance decreases recorded debits withdrawals recorded debits owner capital account withdrawals recorded separate account total amount withdrawals fiscal period determined easily
bank returns receipt depositor showing amount deposit receipt carbon copy original deposit slip amount imprinted stub deposit slip amount imprinted specially prepared receipt banks prepare deposit receipt hand citizens bank equipment prints top deposit slip date deposit identification teller amount deposit carbon copy deposit slip amount imprinted returned depositor personal record receipt deposit gift december left signature stamp depositor check authorizing transfer ownership called endorsement depositing check depositor endorses check endorsement check shown left written exactly appears face check check deposited ownership transferred bank turn credits amount depositor account endorsing check depositor guarantees payment bank receive payment check endorser pay amount check bank endorsement business stamped checks procedure takes writing endorsement rules procedures apply endorsing checks deposit personal account apply endorsing checks deposit business account kinds endorsements serve purposes principal forms endorsements endorsement consists endorser called blank endorsement
banks mail bank statements depositors end month banks cycle billing preceding chapter procedure permits bank prepare mail bank statements month mail statements end month banks seldom errors records check charged wrong account deposit credited wrong account depositor discovers error bank statement bank notified depositor mistakes check stubs depositor record wrong amount mistake subtracting amount check previous balance adding amount deposit checks cashed bank statement depositor checks paid bank returned depositor bank statement called canceled checks checks issued cashed bank called outstanding checks deposit shown bank statement called outstanding deposit outstanding deposit known deposit transit outstanding deposit written check stub entered bank statement deposit bank statement banks charge fee maintaining checking account charge bank maintaining checking account called bank service charge bank deducts service charge checking account line bank statement page shows service charge
owner manager business management decisions plan future operations business decision making future planning depend periodic information business profit business losing money profit loss information helps owner manager plan future business decisions increase profits profit loss information needed prepare required tax reports assist business computing profit loss sheet prepared end fiscal period sheet prepared end month month period rainbow car wash chapter column sheet merchandising businesses gift column sheet accounts merchandise inventory adjusted profit computed additional columns headed adjustments debit credit columns provide space plan adjustments required businesses column sheet gift shown page end fiscal period accountant proves accuracy posting chapter trial balance general ledger accounts entered columns sheet accounts listed order general ledger balances listing accounts reduces possibility overlooking need adjustment accounts listed order preparing financial statements gift trial balance november shown partial sheet
accountant sheet plan adjustments general ledger accounts assemble data needed preparing income statement balance sheet accounts changed posting journal entries adjustments columns sheet data journalizing adjusting entries income statement columns data making journal entries close revenue cost expense accounts adjustment adjustments columns sheet recorded journal posted general ledger accounts gift adjusting entries shown sheet page partial sheet shows adjustment beginning merchandise inventory gift november debit credit parts adjustment identified letter adjusting entry beginning merchandise inventory gift shown combination journal page general ledger accounts affected entry shown words adjusting entries written middle account title column combination journal line adjusting entry heading explains adjusting entries follow indicating source document unnecessary adjusting entry beginning merchandise inventory debits income summary credits merchandise inventory entry transfers beginning balance merchandise inventory account debit side income summary account adjusting entry posted debit balance merchandise inventory account canceled credit entry merchandise inventory account balance partial sheet shows adjustment ending merchandise inventory gift november
rainbow car wash part column ledger account form end fiscal period general ledger accounts footed ruled balanced balancing prepares accounts fiscal period pages gift column general ledger account form separate columns debit balance credit balance entry posted ageneral ledger account account balance figured recorded balance column account closed short line drawn debit credit balance columns general ledger account shows current balance times reason need foot rule balance general ledger accounts gift ending balance fiscal period beginning balance fiscal period adjusting closing entires posted general ledger appears shown pages income statement accounts revenue cost expense accounts balances balances result closing entries closed balance sheet accounts asset liability capital accounts show balances november balances open balances balance sheet accounts agree amounts shown balance sheet page balances shown general ledger accounts november beginning balances december page opened account unnecessary write beginning balance december post closing trial balance adjusting closing entries posted
combination journal small number transactions recorded accountant combination journal practical accountant needed cases customary journals journals record kind transaction journal kind business transaction recorded called special journal sunrise art center arts craft store journals record transactions purchases journal purchases merchandise account cash payments journal cash payments sales journal sales merchandise account cash receipts journal cash receipts general journal transactions purchases journal cash payments journal general journal sunrise art center chapter sales journal cash receipts journal additional general journal chapter special journal record purchases merchandise account called purchases journal purchases journal sunrise art center page purchases journal purchase merchandise account recorded line amount recorded single amount column debit purchases credit accounts payable names general ledger accounts listed column heading source document recording purchase merchandise account purchase invoice received creditor sunrise art center dates numbers checks purchase invoices shown page gift sunrise art center purchase merchandise account transaction purchases debited accounts payable credited
total amount shown invoice amount buyer pay discounts terms sale affect amount paid businesses print price lists catalogs show prices greater customer actually pay manufacturer wholesaler catalog price subject reduction called list price reduction list price granted customers called trade discount trade discount granted seller invoice shows actual amount charged trade discount deducted list price net amount invoice journal entry invoice recorded seller buyer amount journal entry show amount trade discount agreement buyer seller payment merchandise called terms sale payment immediately terms sale cash net cash sale buyer allowed period payment called credit sale credit period sale begins date invoice credit period days days agreed length terms credit sale stated invoice buyer seller credit sale buyer expected pay seller credit period agreed encourage buyer payment end period seller allow deduction amount invoice
buyer merchandise allowed reduction account return part merchandise purchased merchandise returned buyer credit called purchases return buyer allowed reduction account seller merchandise received inferior quality damaged received situation merchandise retained buyer credit allowed merchandise completely satisfactory returned called purchases allowance purchases return allowance confirmed writing details stated letter form form prepared buyer record amount debit buyer returns allowances similar items called debit memorandum called debit memorandum amount deduction debit liability account accounts payable buyer copy debit memorandum source document journalizing purchases returns allowances transaction buyer wait written confirmation seller source document sunrise art center issues debit memorandum purchases return allowance form source document transaction recorded immediately waiting written confirmation seller original debit memorandum creditor carbon copy sunrise art center form debit memorandum sunrise art center shown left purchases returns allowances decrease purchases businesses credit purchases account amount purchases return allowance
import auto company records types transactions cash register transactions include cash sales charge sales cash received account small cash payments import auto company deposits cash receipts bank large payments check small cash payments cash register amount cash hand making small payments called petty cash import auto company maintains petty cash fund order cash small payments making change beginning bills coins petty cash fund cash register making change small cash payments end change left amount cash register returned petty cash fund safe handling petty cash fund explained later chapter items sold customer amount kind item recorded cash register cash register operates adding machine totaling items sale total key operated receipt automatically printed pushed machine point marked receipt printer receipt customer proof transaction properly recorded import auto company cash sale transaction indicator illustration cash register page shows amount sale receipt left shows sale consisted merchandise code automobile parts merchandise code accessories total sale
subsidiary ledgers cash register accounting system system import auto company loose leaf subsidiary ledger accounts payable column account form ledger forms ways handling ledger chapter gift chapter sunrise art center import auto company column account form accounts receivable ledger company copies sales slips prepared sale merchandise account company small cabinet file slips file cabinet accounts receivable ledger import auto company guide cards charge customers arranged alphabetical order accounts receivable file sales slip filed customer guide card latest slip front balance individual account figured totaling customer unpaid sales slips sale account sales slip prepared recorded cash register carbon copies sales slip sales account daily accountant end accountant totals sales slips sales account compares total amount amount shown line cash proof balances slip january accountant total sales slips sales account amount shown line cash proof balances slip page accountant makes check prove accuracy data cash proof balances slip sales slips sales account
petty cash fund replenished end fiscal period regardless amount money remaining petty cash fund date paid vouchers petty cash box represent transactions journalized posted petty cash fund replenished end fiscal period balance petty cash general ledger accurate statement cash hand balance sheet accurate statement assets income statement accurate statement expenses import auto company replenishes petty cash fund end fiscal period petty cash payments recorded financial statements prepared procedure replenishing petty cash fiscal period procedure replenishing petty cash fund low petty cash fund permanently increased decreased balance petty cash account original amount fund import auto company balance petty cash account part entry replenish petty cash fund posted petty cash account general ledger check issued replenish petty cash fund change balance petty cash account amounts paid petty cash fund affect balance petty cash account balance petty cash account general ledger decided increase decrease size petty cash fund
phillips paper products sells merchandise cash account sales account small businesses phillips paper products extends credit potential customers customers credit ratings obtained local credit bureaus wholesalers manufacturers obtain credit ratings financial reports submitted potential customers national credit agencies dun bradstreet dun bradstreet publishes credit rating book data financial condition businesses united states reference book business subscribing business careful extending credit charge customers accounts receivable collected accounts receivable collected called uncollectible accounts uncollectible accounts known bad debts business fails collect charge customer business incurs operating expense expense caused uncollectible accounts called bad debts expense business determine account receivable uncollectible bad debt expense actually recorded months date sale uncollectible amount carried books accounts receivable overstated expense resulting uncollectible accounts recorded business estimate amount bad debts expense end fiscal period amount recorded prevent overstatement accounts receivable balance sheet estimated bad debts expense recorded included income statement fiscal period charge sale
tatum company knows past experience balance accounts receivable account end fiscal period uncollectible balance accounts receivable account bad debts amount credit balance allowance uncollectible accounts accountant tatum company subtracts balance shown allowance uncollectible accounts amount balance difference bad debts expense current fiscal period adjusting entry planned sheet debit bad debts expense credit allowance uncollectible accounts amount method estimating bad debts expense based figuring allowance estimating expense businesses find longer customer account overdue likelihood amount uncollectible estimate amount owed charge customers uncollectible business method analyzes customer account analyzing accounts receivable according due called aging accounts receivable mantow lumber company prepares list customers accounts show account months past due past experience shows amounts past due months uncollectible mantow lumber company finds aging accounts receivable months past due estimated uncollectible amount allowance uncollectible accounts credit balance balance allowance account adjustment debit bad debts expense credit allowance uncollectible accounts amount
assets number business called plant assets examples plant assets delivery equipment store equipment office equipment buildings land recent plant assets known fixed assets american institute certified public accountants recommends word plant fixed account title plant assets delivery trucks machinery display cases tables typewriters desks called equipment businesses record cost equipment asset account titled equipment businesses prefer record kinds equipment separate plant asset accounts delivery equipment office equipment plant assets bought cash account plant asset bought recorded cost price july phillips paper products bought cash register cash register considered store equipment entry record transaction shown cash payments journal phillips paper products separate asset account store equipment store equipment debited cost cash register cash credited entry posted store equipment account general ledger appears shown page january balance store equipment original cost equipment hand date debit balance store equipment shows original cost store equipment owned bicycle bought december worth twelve months later similarly plant asset kind bought july worth end plant assets store equipment decrease wear models
written signed promise pay sum money demand definite date called promissory note promissory note frequently referred simply note promissory notes individuals businesses borrow money obtain extension account business requests note charge customer buyer wants credit usual sales account notes advantage oral promises open accounts business wants money note due note check endorsed transferred bank bank business cash note notes court law evidence debt form promissory note illustrated terms defined analyzing note sum money paid principal note period called interest promissory notes require payment interest promissory notes require interest payments called interest bearing notes promissory notes provision payment interest called non interest bearing notes interest rate stated percentage principal interest means cents paid dollar borrowed full interest full principal note interest note called maturity note percent interest rate maturity principal interest
business unable pay purchase account payment due business ask extension request business offers issue interest bearing note payable note pay amount owed creditor form liability changed account payable note payable copy note source document recording transaction transaction balance liability account accounts payable decreased balance liability account notes payable increased balance creditor account antique furniture company accounts payable ledger decreased accounts payable debited notes payable credited creditor account antique furniture company debited accounts payable account general ledger decreased proper creditor account accounts payable ledger decreased amount transaction recorded column general journal shown entry posted account payable account antique furniture company closed replaced note payable note payable due june date pioneer antiques issues check antique furniture company payment principal interest check recorded cash payments journal payment note payable recorded notes payable debited interest expense debited cash credited banks require borrower pay interest advance note signed
economic processes include attempt satisfy wants needs process includes production goods services distribution goods services consumption goods services seek economic process satisfaction human wants needs order produce goods resources needed main resources study economics include land labor capital tools machinery management monetary returns resources rent wages interest profits learn resources called factors production study economics economic material object satisfying wants needs scarce willing pay economic material object monetary order qualify scarce mean free ball point pen meets requirements economic person able perform personal service mowing lawn health service doctor services satisfy want need monetary classified economic services economic goods objects economic goods classified consumer goods capital goods according consumer person business firm governmental unit chooses goods services spends money goods services primarily satisfy wants consumer goods services consumed final user include items clothing food shelter medicine furniture carpets
sources personal income include wages profits business transactions interest money loan rent buildings land transfer payments social security local federal taxes paid american economic system permits spend income wish privilege based belief entitled rewards labor business efforts portion income regardless inmoney invested bonds held form material assets known private property saving income businesses buy land buildings things private property earn income property rights important american economy let assume moment government owned property mean government direct production economic goods needed live profit incentive improve product government ownership property means production receive goods governmentchose allocate property making profit americans incentive establish operate business enterprises examples public property include public buildings schools facilities provided local federal governments impractical impossible provide private ownership million america want need demand economic goods services business products services consumers
timing purchases important factor buying wisely prices vary widely times beginning season style goods sell highest prices season progresses prices gradually lowered merchants hope dispose goods season end important price cycles products instance cities coal heating purposes sold lowest price april highest price winter months fuel oil tanks filled summer price lower fall fresh fruits vegetables sell cheapest prices summer guess goods hardest store wide differences price prices canned goods lowest soon canning season periods generally high prices wise consumers avoid buying need wise consumers save money wait prices lower course families eat regularly purchases food put prices fall watch prices buy kinds foods sold attractive prices buy smallest units pay buy larger units ounce gram sell cents ounce gram sell cents buying larger units buy units reduced price unit sell
contract offer acceptance person offers acre tract land sale price person accepts offer promising pay price asked mutual assent parties offer accepted offer principles law considered mutual assent parties freely intentionally apparently assented thing essential characteristics offer proposal definite proposal intention offeror person making offer bound proposal communicated words actions offeree offer employer worth offer indefinite basis enforceable agreement offer obvious apparent jest disgust anger real offer jest says give thousand dollars expression friend face opening comic birthday greeting offer real motor automobile start real offer disgust say advertisements offers merely invite prospective customer buy offer buy walk store find goods display price marked think goods offered sale price law holds price tags merchandise merely willingness consider offer buyer terms
learned earlier money acceptable buyer seller money acceptable worldwide feel real exchange case want buy goods services item exchange called backing currency country silver standard gold standard paper currency backed silver gold dollars bullion uncoined silver gold united states currency converted gold dollars silver dollars request united states treasury united states gold standard currency exchanged gold united states limited gold standard words dollar backed cents gold bullion united statescitizens longer exchange currency gold foreign nationscould exchange american dollars gold united states gold standard completely means united states longer exchange gold american dollars held foreign countries stated earlier money acceptable nations feel safer money backed precious metal gold faith confidence person nation issues money worry backing united states government history high producing wealthy nation grow food crops person acre nation
bank operations follow federal laws laws pertain capital stock surplus reserves policies practices making loans regulations safeguard stockholders depositors federal laws limit banks according classification types loans banks governed laws respective states national banks members federal reserve system governed restrictions pertaining types loans conditions protection depositors loss due bank failure theft provided insurance bank deposits insurance provided federal deposit insurance corporation national banks required join banks join wish total deposits individual bank insured family deposits insured individual accounts joint accounts trust accounts total ten accounts insured banks serve important economic function granting loans businesses clearing checks loans help businesses grow continue operating money short supply helps economic activity steady help grow bank organized owners invest money bank stockholders individuals businesses institutions deposit money banks safekeeping deposit money savings purposes earn interest deposit money write checks pay bills money stockholders depositors bank lend invest
learned mass production helps goods services want price afford pay mass production buy freely families pay cash major items automobiles furniture appliances installment plan families able purchase cash opportunity consumers buy pay later increased mass consumption goods services sales cash basis decrease rapidly business activity nation slow consumer credit mass distribution mass production closely interrelated economists believe selling goods services consumers payment plan major factors making high level living reason installment selling increases consumptionof goods turn increases production tends lower costs greater production jobs wage rates argue families save major purchases purchase installment plan obligated pay installments due course government officials bankers business express concern purchasing installment plan incomes owing money installment contracts reduced lost jobs able payments numbers able pay installment debts businesses collect debts lose money businesses lose money fail decent profit possibilities depression increased
industrial banks owned controlled stockholders invest money industrial banks accept regular deposits deposits manner commercial banks pay interest deposits savings loan association organized purpose lending money money buy build home money association lends obtained depositors states deposits savings loan association buy shares part owners shares earn income generally slightly higher rate interest savings account bank savings loan associations accept deposits slightly higher rate interest dividend generally paid passbook savings deposits respect practice similar savings departments commercial banks savings loan associations mutual associations respect similar mutual savings banks money deposited savings loan association receive dividends earnings guaranteed dividend rate expected rate announced savings loan associations organized stock companies case owners invest money accept deposits manner similar stock savings bank interest paid deposits federal savings loan associations members federal home loan bank operate regulations established federal government accounts associations insured federal savings loan insurance corporation chartered savings loan associations accounts insured federal savings loan insurance corporation
government bonds considered safe investments rates interest paid bonds low compared corporation bonds rates higher earned deposits savings accounts ownership corporation represented shares stock buy stock corporation buying share ownership corporation successful part success dividends paid stockholders increase stock hand corporation successful pay dividends stock decrease lose investment kinds stock common stock preferred stock corporation types common stock owners common stock corporation entitled participate earnings election board directors corporation makes promise guarantee dividend paid dividend share profits dividend common stock greater dividend preferred stock common stock pays dividends declared board directors corporations issue kind common stock class class variety class stock difficult distinguish grades provisions governing stock read carefully determine rights obligations holders grade common stock voting power holders grade
buyer insurance understand meaning incontestable clause policy clause protects insured policy cancellation information insured application later found false incomplete insured purposely misstatements fact regarding age health things insurance company prove information false incomplete limit incontestable clause later cancel contract premiums due date stated policy paid home office authorized agent companies give receipt requested canceled check serves receipt insurance policies generally allow called grace period period ranging days date premium due premium paid grace period penalty policyholder premium paid grace period policy lapses means ending contract loss protection policy cash insurance force short stop paying premiums reinstate insurance policy exchanged policy cashsettlement order reinstate meet requirements person buying policy required physical examination pay overdue premiums interest addition somepolicies requirements reinstatement insurance companies provide choice nonforfeiture values policyholder stops paying premiums policy term insurance
proceeds insurance policy due payable policy matured insured died beneficiary named policy insurance proceeds paid directly person proof death insured beneficiary named policy proceeds paid estate deceased estate deceased person includes property real personal claims debts taxes court legal costs ending business deceased filed estate payment person prefer insurance proceeds payable directly estate person names share estate expenses claims paid aset legal instructions distributing person property death changed maker creditors paid deprive wife husband rightful share property according laws select executor executor prepares tax returns pays taxes investigates claims estate pays debts due determines property executor distributes property instructed makes report probate court valid left deceased person executor named court appointan administrator
earlier discussion social security dealt benefits paid result deductions wages basis previous earnings social security act federal government provisions assistance needy groups general plan funds furnished needy aged needy dependent children needy blind maternal welfare infants mothers crippled children child welfare vocational rehabilitation public health plan satisfactory federal government obtain federal government contribution expenditures federal government shares governments cost providing health benefits low income families form medical aid needy families known medicaid medically needy family defined income basic necessities adequate medical care large medical bills occupations covered social security fill form ss application social security account number early form obtained local social security office employer post office age mail completed form nearest social security district office issued social security card account number number lifetime apply person nearest social security office proof identity age citizenshipsuch birth baptismal certificate federal government keeps separate account person registered account credited social security payments employer deductions employee wages
filling consist ample amount material retain shape period poor quality filling material mat shift lose shape quickly filling padding cushions springs consist sterilized hair foam rubber plastic foam dacron fortrel moss kapok palm fiber cotton excelsior wood shavings synthetic fibers excellent purpose terms explained dealer furniture definitions leaflets distributed manufacturers furniture expensive cotton upholstery grades furniture excelsior desirable expensive filling occasionally exceptionally low grade furniture shredded paper buying wise examine carefully upholstered piece furniture obtain definite assurance filling states laws pertaining mattresses household furnishings padding filling furniture upholstered look labels indicating filling upholstery meets requirements label kind material stuffing padding coverings upholstered furniture animal fibers vegetable fibers synthetic fibers plastics leather woven fabrics combination animal vegetable synthetic fibers animal fibers furniture covers include silk wool mohair horsehair vegetable fibers include cotton flax hemp jute principal synthetic fibers upholstering fabrics rayon nylon acetate dacron saran durability natural synthetic fibers explained preceding chapter
soaps skin hair mild neutral soaps prevent irritation skin excessive drying skin toilet soap cleanse efficiently inexpensive mild neutral soap serve purpose family budget permit indulge soaps perfumed colored obtained small bars unusual shapes soaps additional advantage consumer numerous soaps floating castile transparent hard water grit liquid tar medicated grit soaps abrasive removing grease stains hard water soaps oils lather hard water medicated soaps slightly additional antiseptic soaps antiseptic lather washes germs considering toilet soaps bear mind fundamental characteristics soaps cleaning quality mildness skin important familiar types soaps purposes instance silk rayon wool require neutral soaps careful handling laundry soaps bleaches powders full knowledge intended purposes hundreds varieties synthetic chemical detergents designed toilet shampoos laundry characteristics synthetic detergents popular laundry purposes hard water minerals water softener detergents manufactured fit varying types water conditions result qualities detergents living regions hard water found special detergents preferable soap
buy food clothing shelter shop buy buying medical insurance largely faith policy medical insurance pays hospital expenses occur inpatient cover outpatient services important policy covers insurance plans group plans individual plans include types protection hospital expenses surgical expenses regular medical major medical disability insurance hospital expense protection benefits full partial payment room board services hospital includes operating room laboratory tests rays medicines hospital insurance plans include surgical insurance pays part surgeon fee insurance plans pay visits doctor offices cases subscriber covered protection regular medical protection secured pays calls doctor office ray laboratory expenses generally maximum number calls allowable illness major medical insurance protects prolonged illness accident lead financial disaster major medical insurance sold group plans part comprehensive insurance program deductible amount insurance company pay medical expenses single illness maximum amount previously contracted medical insurance policies include health problems cancer mental health dental group policies beginning include coverage
individuals constantly making choices things want want movie want bowling assume money decide going spend money real opportunity cost choose give decision case opportunity cost going bowling going movie opportunity cost going movie going bowling monetary cost movie bowling opportunity cost nation satisfy economic wants choices group decide choices established national economic goals agree tend agree nation strive economic freedom economic efficiency economic growth economic stability economic opportunity economic security free choices decide want set goals real opportunity cost choice give gain want decide spend money vacation education buy shoes suit buy payment house buy car wise decisions think carefully choice
part income save deposited bank invested building property hope receive income invest savings business enterprise plan operate appliance repair shop restaurant business consumers goods services want need income business applied costs running business portion left profit considered unwise invest savings business chance profit businesses continue operate income meet costs corporations chrysler xerox texaco united states steel respect business enterprises owned operated single individual profit remain operation efficient business greater profits business increases chances greater profits offering consumers products lower prices services competing firms consumers looking products services lower prices businesses provide consumers products services compete favorably offered business firms stay operation consumers benefit efforts businesses greater profit making operations efficient half profits corporations business pay expenses business build buildings buy replace machines equipment materials
real needs average family limited wants increased limit high pressure advertising selling easy credit rising levels living tendency want joneses try tell actually luxury urgent need families earn money buy unlimited luxuries fact families buy real needs practicing control average family tendency follow individual selfish urges filling emotional wants practice individual control benefit family mother wants buy emotional urge father wants buy consulting family children want spend money thought put pressure mother father buy things want family buying considered point view unselfish group needs families income large amounts money slip fingers member family buying things merchants call impulse items things sit cash register easy pick cents shoppers money pockets buy items impulse thinking need buying wisely important economic individual family general buying guides pages help spend money wisely earn money buy want considering money pay purchases
information consumer products difficult impossible individual obtain cases consumer access information instances obtaining needed information requires investigation tests individual difficulty agencies organizations established primary purposes obtain ard distribute product information consumers cfa federation national local consumer organizations membership million persons dedicated consumer action education legislation cfa publishes directory local consumer groups consumers research nonprofit corporation extensive laboratory testing facilities organization tests rates efficiency consumer products scientific testing methods consulting service technical problems consumers government agencies guide buyers consumers research publishes tests ratings products monthly magazine consumers research magazine annual reports consumers union nonprofit corporation largest laboratory testing facilities consumers products organization tests products information consumers acts advocate consumer protection guide buyers consumers union publishes tests ratings products monthly magazine consumer reports annual reports businesses periodicals stores associations businesses independent testing certifying agencies provide information guidance protection consumers cases products tested safety quality content strength characteristics carry seal mark known housekeeping housekeeping provided consumer education consumer protection
learned earlier money acceptable buyer seller money acceptable worldwide feel real exchange case want buy goods services item exchange called backing currency country silver standard gold standard currency backed silver gold dollars bullion uncoined silver gold united states currency converted gold dollars silver dollars request united states treasury united states gold standard currency exchanged gold united states limited gold standard words dollar backed cents gold bullion united states citizens longer exchange american dollars gold united states gold standard completely means united states longer exchange gold american dollars held foreign countries stated earlier money acceptable nations feel safer money backed precious metal gold faith confidence person nation issues money worry backing united states government history high producing wealthy nation grow food crops person acre nation produce computers farm machinery nation
credit rating credit worthiness refers chances probability pay debt due learned depends trust confidence intention pay line credit means maximum amount lender creditor permit customer owe establish credit rating line credit usual procedure favorite store discuss matter frankly credit manager owner credit manager request information character capacity capital information provided accurately completely credit manager information basis determing credit extend illustration page shows typical application credit department store customers cases forms complicated general require information general types credit agencies agencies provide credit ratings individuals agencies provide credit rating information businesses banks give confidential credit information individuals businesses important maintain satisfactory relations bank credit rating desired private credit agencies collect information issue confidential reports benefit subscribers retailers subscriber contributes information customers agency additional information gathered local newspapers notices change address death notices court records information valuable retailers protecting loss accounts customers moves want change address customer dies want sure claims presented
satisfaction person family receive restoring older home significant deal pleasure derived fixing older house fashioning liking mind improvements geared specific tastes increase cash home decide sell want combine security owning home convenience renting apartment solution buy apartment cities buy apartment building shared individuals families apartment called cooperative apartment building apartments apartment owned person family apartment building owned jointly cooperatively individuals families owners jointly responsible repairs taxes lawn care security expenses related entire building individual family buys apartment contract signed covering buyer portion shared costs contract states wishes sell apartment approval majority owners needed apartment owned separately cooperatively called condominium owner pays fee central management maintenance building grounds owner condominium unlike owner cooperative apartment owns unit responsible taxes repairs unit condominium owner buy sell condominium consent owners building complex condominium owner homeowner
government assistance designed promote construction buying housing exists forms common forms assistance average home buyer federal housing administration fha veterans administration va loans sources financing sought desire government assistance sources meet needs refer government agency federal housing administration fha federal insurance loans obtained approved lending agency bank fha approves loan money borrowed lending agency lending agency protected fha guarantees payment loan money borrowed repairing improving home building home buying existing home buying apartment buying mobile home buying multiple family dwelling apartment building person small payment obtain fha loan sources fha regulations permit loan requires monthly payments exceeding amount home pay principal wage earner family loan lengths fha vary generally thirty homes multiple family dwellings minimum payment required purchase home required buying home payments fha low percent percent balance loan maximum interest rates permitted fha insured loans regulated law rates change law
investing buying assets stocks bonds hope receiving income period investor selects assets safe known steady rates growth return risk low return modest dependable examples dependable securities stocks bonds government bonds speculating buying securities assets hope earning spectacular gains short period speculator selects assets developed history reliability certainty promise rapid growth risk large gains losses result examples high risk investments commodity futures buying agricultural product today delivered future date stocks newly formed business today private firms specialize providing complete financial planning services firms hire professional attorneys accountants certified financial planners insurance advisors securities advisers tangible asset advisors real estate brokers economists position provide total financial planning individual investor stock brokerage firms adding financial planning departments provide similar services average investor excellent monthly financial services subscribe obtain current investment information helpful current financial information newspapers magazines wall street journal forbes barron business week money fortune city libraries financial information earnings dividends assets credit ratings corporations industries characterized growth industries
characteristic american pioneers strong independent economically supporting lifetime carved future working saving pioneers worked employees pioneers acquired developed land mills factories stores businesses disabled lived savings families took care instances continued receive income short period businesses developed gradually americans began move urban areas employed factories stores enterprises owned primarily wage rates varied according demand supply labor opportunity draw income employer decreased greatly disabled desire independent economically secure especially true disabled unable age dependents relied income legislation protect aid help called social legislation social legislation provided compensation workers loss due accidents illness laws common states known workers compensation laws concern wealth income care age pension laws arizona enact laws beginnings social legislation increased include wide range benefits larger larger numbers
satisfying economic wants complex process products hands milk cereal product steps farmer raises calf feeds cares cow cow milked milk cooled truck dairy processing plant pasteurized bottled put carton delivered directly home grocery store purchase steps complex individual consumer perform steps business satisfy need milk activities involved satisfying economic wants business activities imagine lives business organizations produce goods provide services satisfaction economic wants primitive level living low end scale business makes high level living making goods services form meet needs satisfy wants attempt profit business continuously tries satisfy consumer needs wants ways business improves existing products develops business spends sums money research directed discovery invention products invented improved efforts business
preceding discussion term marketing include processes involved movement goods services producers consumers businesses term market means demand exists goods say market demand product service term market refer places perform marketing functions marketing arrangements called marketing institutions common examples marketing institutions include retail markets wholesale markets retailing step marketing process selling goods consumer wholesaling intermediate step marketing process buying goods manufacturers reselling goods retailers general markets considered local regional national international international markets frequently referred markets large national market encourages production large quantities large scale production efficient consumer benefits instance automobile manufacturer limited market size michigan company produce automobiles large numbers cost production price consumer high automobile manufacturers national market international markets products services reach national market nature product service influences tend restrict market laundries instance confined local communities establishing branches laundry seldom finds profitable business distances greater miles marketing vegetables confined areas close points production
aware business conditions change aware significance experts disagree analysis business cycle business economists give explanations business conditions explanations vary widely explanations credit blame current business activity political party power labor troubles communism conditions brought weather completely satisfactory reliable explanation cyclical business activity amount fluctuation profits total amount business incomes individuals prevent extreme fluctuations cure depressions general price increases immediately demand wage increases grounds cost living increased likewise general increase wages closely increases prices commodities services grounds cost producing goods services risen increased wages prices tend increase wages tend increase wages increase prices rise relationship price increase wage increase called wage price spiral price wage spiral run alternating increase wages prices spiral created purchasing power dollar decrease rapid increases prices wages rapid decreases purchasing power dollar tend detrimental economy inflation disadvantageous business groups control
international trade united states doubled past increasing percent gnp percent early figures include merchandise exclude military grants aid interest considerations rapid expansion foreign trade ratio foreign trade domestic trade small compared amounts high percent countries volume highly important standpoint employment prosperity general trade significant relations nations need products need nation wants opportunity export goods services countries foreign outlet sales permits manufacturer distributor increase volume business activity leading increased employment profits opportunities nation wants chance buy foreign countries products services scarce unavailable home short nation wants foreign trade means raising level living nations import goods services export goods services exports impossible run pay goods services nation import means factors enable nation build volume export trade important manufacturers merchants country united states compete business ways compete basis price asked quality merchandise service offered usefulness serviceability product service consumers
tariffs levied purposes revenue protection industry labor tariffs produce revenue amount revenue tariffs small relation total revenue run federal government tariffs intended protect business interests labor protect industries vital national defense tariffs protect newly developed industries industries destroyed competition foreign goods individual producer gain tariffs consumer person suffers high tariffs generally injurious consumer point view tariffs result high prices narrower range choice instances tariffs protect consumer cheap shoddy goods general competition foreign products domestic manufacturers efficient order compete foreigners withdraw market productive efficiency consumer advantage tariffs indirectly serve discourage efficiency penalize consumer general high tariffs decrease consumer purchasing power tariff problem source political economic debate economists generally agreed low tariffs tariffs desirable national consumer point view political representatives powerful overcome opposition tariffs pros cons respect tariffs advocates point tariffs cheap foreign products low paid labor maintain industries case war promote young weak industries help nation sufficient
economics examines satisfy wants needs goods services specifically economics study process involves choice making try satisfaction buy goods services place choice making process occurs called economy buy goods services choices individuals nations faced problem making choices person nation able goods services want economic scarcity exists economic material tangible object satisfy wants needs object scarce willing pay money economic clothes wearing breakfast morning economic goods medical advice doctor winning run produced professional baseball player ride provided taxi driver material objects satisfy wants needs activities classified economic services economic service intangible product satisfy wants needs economic wants goods services buy pleasure comfort cosmetics sports equipment designer clothes want intangible things love affection family respect admiration friends recognition achievements valued terms money economic wants economic needs basics food clothing shelter
examining institutions economy help understand economy works economic institutions consist customs rules laws affecting operation economy economic institutions market economy include customs rules laws pertaining property factors production profits competition understanding economic institutions help analyze coordination economic system knowledge insight resource allocation process help understand nature flow goods services money part chapter examine important institutions american economy sources personal income include wages profits operation business interest money lend rent buildings land transfer payments social security local federal taxes paid spend save income wish market economy entitled save invest income labor business investments providing basic needs portion income regardless money invested securities stocks bonds held form material assets land buildings known private property saving income businesses buy land buildings things private property earn income property ownership rights important characteristic american economy let assume moment government owned property mean government direct production economic goods needed live
buy goods services included gnp amount spent cost expenditure receive payment goods services amount received income national income amount annual earnings received production goods services represents sum incomes received individuals contributions production goods services national income arises productive effort means national income excludes income weekly allowance earn interest received bonds pensions national income closely related gnp nnp national income obtained subtracting nnp indirect taxes minor items transfer payments indirect taxes sales taxes collected businesses government indirect taxes price product higher actual indirect taxes embodied prices pay products deducted nnp national income united states billion total amount earned individuals laborers managers owners plants equipment lenders money owners originate ideas assume risks business individuals concerned personal income national income personal income annual income received persons sources personal income later chapter gap earnings home pay gap caused fact pay taxes income
influence advertising indirectly standard living aware products services improve lives want buy economic want exists true advertising influences want things need free decide need want consumers informed able decisions intelligently history food consumption illustration educational influence advertising diet general health authorities diet advocated orange juice tomato juice fresh vegetables fresh fruits everyday diet foods part basic diet producers began advertising means educating desirability daily foods benefit advertising acquaints consumers products particulary instances consumers familiar product willing buy typical product portable room air purifier need remove pollen dust allergic remove unpleasant odors introduce oxygen important educational benefits advertising economic benefits advertising stimulates demand products products enjoy advertising stimulate demand finally advertising arouses consumer demand penetrates deeply american powerful influence social cultural goals
principles law considered mutual assent parties freely intentionally apparently assented thing essential characteristics offer proposal definite proposal intention offeror person making offer bound proposal communicated words actions offeree offer employer worth offer indefinite basis enforceable agreement offer obvious apparent jest digust anger real offer jest says give thousand dollars expression friend face opening comic birthday greeting offer real engine automobile start real offer disgust say advertisements legal offers merely invite prospective customer buy offer buy walk store find goods display price marked think goods offered sale price law holds price tags merchandise merely willingness consider offer buyer terms offer purchase goods accepted reasonable seller ship goods promise promptly
sign blank contract part figures conditions left filled hurries suggests sign contract rest information filled later suspicion aroused sign contract understanding supplementary agreements later sure agreements contract absence substantial proof regard oral agreements supplementary written agreements agreements stipulated contract enforceable promises seller makes sale article operate specific specific quality statements buyer legal rely promises representations called warranties types warranties express implied express warranty assurance quality promise performance seller oral written sale express warranty general statement rebuilt television set limited fact goods set channel outdoor antenna implied warranty obligation imposed law cases law requires sellers provide minimum standards quality performance actual promises sale buyer expect article purchased serve purpose sold definite statement buy air conditioner expect operate
service authorize financial institution pay monthly bills utility bills installment loan payments home mortgage payments due service saves write number checks saves postage saves cost driving car payment person bills paid automatically danger forgetting pay bills avoid pay penalty authorize government automatically deposit social security check account month type transaction employers paying employee check payday employer authorizes financial institution deposit employees paychecks accounts type transaction advantages safety convenience don worry check lost stolen delayed mail don stand line deposit slip deposit paycheck machines located premises financial institution shopping areas transactions performed machines inserting eft card machine order machine dispense cash savings checking account loan machines payments loans credit card accounts deposits transfer funds account current balance savings checking account
credit rating credit worthiness refers chances probability pay debt due learned depends trust confidence intention pay line credit means maximum amount lender creditor permit customer owe establish credit rating line credit usual procedure favorite store discuss matter frankly credit manager owner credit manager request information character capacity capital information provided accurately completely credit manager information basis determining credit extend illustration page shows typical application credit department store customers cases forms complicated general require information general types credit agencies agencies provide credit ratings individuals agencies provide credit rating information businesses banks give confidential credit information individuals businesses important maintain satisfactory relations bank credit rating desired private credit agencies collect information issue confidential reports benefit subscribers retailers subscriber contributes information customers agency additional information gathered local newspapers notices change address death notices court records information valuable retailers protecting loss accounts customers moves want change address customer dies want sure claims presented
goods sold installment plan seller financing sale incurs costs arise cash charge sales expenses checking credit rating buyer making loan collecting bookkeeping insurance repossessing reselling general office expenses covered increasing sales price adding separate charges balance installment sale total due paid regular installments period finance charge carrying charge generally included part balance instances charges listed separately charge credit investigation credit insurance service charge interest total finance charge confused interest legally finance charge includes money loaned consumer includes costs mentioned states maximum finance charges regulated states finance carrying charges regulated charges vary kinds goods firms sell installment plan truth lending act requires creditors monthly annual percentage rate computing finance charges installment noninstallment single payment contracts credit creditor show percent month charged equal annual percentage rate percent creditor required law portion amount interest portion bookkeeping expense credit investigation expense table shows typical finance charges purchasing automobiles installment plan
older home frequently bought lower price newer home recent real estate prices increasing rapidly average home united states sold nearly mind average older homes older homes frequently need repairs house need roof furnace plumbing electrical extra room added existing rooms modified costs included buyer spending plan costs unrelated housing considered homes built distance city older homes closer places employment transportation costs need considered satisfaction person family receive restoring older home significant deal pleasure derived fixing older house fashioning liking mind improvements geared specific tastes increase cash home decide sell want combine security owning home convenience renting apartment solution buy apartment cities buy apartment building shared individuals families apartment called cooperative apartment building apartments apartment owned person family apartment building owned jointly cooperatively individuals families
tenant believe owner living agreements lease check rights cost attorney general office local tenants group sources information city county consumer protection agency legal aid society tell tenants group exists owner enter premises tenant adequate notice hours protect property owner interfere tenant possession tenant moves property owner possession expiration lease owner entitled possession property tenant refuses give possession owner bring legal proceedings tenant owner entitled receive rent lease states legal proceedings owner seize personal property tenant sold pay rent due lease specifies taxes assessments street repairs paid owner owner pays structural basic building repairs foundation roofing plumbing electrical tenant responsible minor repairs result tenant notify owner major repairs states court allow tenant full month rent repairs owner repairs reasonable notice owner tenant required house livable condition
sale buyer seller incur costs generally buyer costs seller buyer closing costs include title search generally mortgage preparation appraisal fee recording fees credit report seller closing costs consist primarily paying commission exists preparation deed fha va loans seller pays real estate taxes assessments needed payments current closing date generally real estate taxes months current date legal transfer title piece property recorded register deeds county parish courthouse advisable competent lawyer examine records determine clear title property examination reveal taxes due assessments property claims order rid doubts reduce expense transferring titles property states adopted special system registering titles known torrens system instance owner land applies registration title land officer examines records title issues certificate title title transferred certificate system abstract joint tenancy exists persons land property
characteristic american pioneers strong independent economically supporting lifetime carved future working saving pioneers worked employees pioneers acquired developed land mills factories stores businesses disabled lived savings families took care instances continued receive income short period businesses developed gradually americans began move urban areas employed factories stores enterprises owned primarily wage rates varied according demand supply labor opportunity draw income employer decreased greatly disabled desire independent economically secure especially true disabled unable age dependents relied income legislation protect aid help called social legislation social legislation provided compensation workers loss due accidents illness laws common states known workers compensation laws concern wealth income care age pension laws arizona enact laws beginnings social legislation increased include wide range benefits larger larger numbers
hospital insurance financed separate payroll tax separate trust fund tax shown page hospital insurance covers inpatient hospital care inpatient care skilled nursing facility home health care limit days hospital skilled nursing facility care home health visits medicare help pay benefit period hospital insurance protection renewed benefit period begins benefit period starts patient hospital days row persons entitled monthly social security benefits annuities railroad retirement act automatically entitled coverage premium paid hospital insurance subject yearly increase based average hospital costs voluntary enrollment hospital plan month person reaches age months month medical insurance financed monthly premium paid person covered federal government supplies equal amount general revenues premiums paid persons receiving social security benefits railroad retirement benefits deducted monthly checks persons premium payments directly federal government case hospital insurance medical insurance deductible basis insured pay medical expenses incurred calendar deductible paid months calendar counts deductible person age united states citizen alien admitted permanent residence continuous residence eligible
workers compensation financial protection job related injuries diseases due nature worker covered injury occurs normal place employment laws employee receives compensation accident employer employee fault exceptions law cases intoxication recklessness ignoring danger states workers compensation laws states employers required pay fund protection workers states payments optional employer insured employee sue compensation result accident receive compensation intoxicated job reckless ignoring danger injured worker sue employer laws states provide medical hospital bills paid regardless amount injured worker receive compensation week disabled states compensation paid worker permanently disabled case death worker resulting injury spouse children receive weekly compensation problems age disability social economic problems problems individual society general save money plan future provide burdens society argue social insurance compulsory economic freedoms spend income choose
food highly important lives nourishes bodies contributes significantly health physical mental devote effort producing preparing food total personal income united states spent food proportion income spent food varies amount income low income families spend higher proportion income food high income families spend lower proportion individual family spends depends largely age sex general health individual preferences influenced values goals standards tastes regardless proportion money spent nutrition income level wise food management wise spending food dollar knowledge foods functions nutritional needs essential food management involves careful deliberate planning buying preparing serving wise food management means consumer plan buying preparing serving foods provide ample amounts basic food nutrients individual members family need proteins vitamins minerals supply calories meet individual requirements growth energy look appetizing fit individual family budget competent food management study foods food markets continuously judge quality price food materials judge markets grades labels protective regulations insure wholesome uncontaminated food provide information food fads nutritional quackery step selecting nourishing food learn type nutrients essential nutritionally adequate diet
united states department agriculture usda grades food help judge quality food buying assure quality uniform food graded government grader carry official grade mark shaped shield grading services voluntary part producer usda grade shield foods officially graded according federal quality grade standards federal inspection foods processing packing assures consumers foods sold delivered interstate commerce wholesome fit human means foods processed sanitary conditions handled disease free workers ingredients food contaminated objectionable foods carry usda grade marks learn recognize grade mark quality help compare prices foods stores money fresh fruits vegetables important part food typical american family leafy vegetables skins fibers provide needed roughage fresh fruits vegetables properly handled prepared rich vitamins minerals vary quality supply price season depending conditions affecting growth harvesting food crops plentiful supply lower prices limited supply raise prices fresh fruits vegetables sold retail stores consumer grades stated fresh fruits vegetables sold wholesale markets basis united states department agriculture grades
usda voluntary grading program effect february rules standards prime choice beef widened include meat marbling meat bought choice date graded prime today companies accepted department agriculture beef grading allow grades sold choice companies believe takes amount marbling give beef flavor tenderness juiciness consumers expect usda choice beef grades veal mutton offered retail sale prime commercial utility quality veal light pink color firm moist fine grained fat white brittle mutton meat sheep months lamb meat months flesh mutton firmer darker color lamb pork labeled federal grades retail stores finer grades pork identified white firm fat bones soft red flesh ranges light grayish pink general higher grade meat higher price food meat measured price lower priced meats highly nutritious choice cut amount waste inedible portion important buying meats tender cuts beef group rib roasts steaks rib club bone porterhouse sirloin chuck round steaks roast tender cuts braised cooked moist heat
furniture greatly affects appearance comfort pleasure home ordinarily furniture house apartment subject control live homes furniture serves costly costs include initial continuing expenses repair upkeep redecorating replacement families find desirable range plan buying furniture consumers decisions buying furniture home wide variety furnishings vary type material construction shape size quality cost selection quality difficult features determine quality seen furniture bought features seen difficult judge quality frame fillings spring construction piece upholstered furniture wood properly seasoned tell properly controlled conditions looking wood piece furniture price indication quality labels required law information stated form real meaning consumer intelligent consumer shop knowledge aid selection furniture shop reliable merchants want maintain goodwill customers comparative shopping factors consider selecting piece furniture function materials construction design size cost maintenance selecting furniture important furniture
veneer consists thin layers wood glued layers wood arranged lengthwise grain alternate directions glued synthetic resin makes secure bond veneer makes piece wood beautiful grain color texture surface furniture cheaper piece parts underneath surface large panels tops tables liable warp veneer solid wood cheap veneer blister moisture loosens glue develop cracks beauty grain wood indication quality careful matching grain tends workmanship drawer fronts doors tabletops veneer beautiful patterns finish piece furniture judged largely smoothness durability finish tested scratching varnish obscure part furnure fingernail comes loose easily chalky rubs varnish pressed finger sticky finish satisfactory reacts favorably tests smooth unmarked furniture frequently advertised walnut finish maple finish fruitwood finish terms kind wood veneer merely kind stain wood entirely instance walnut stain furniture pine treatment improve quality wood
rugs carpets expensive furnishings purchased home wise selection assure quality give satisfaction service carpets rugs commonly ways woven loom weaving machine widths inches feet carpets looms inches wide known broadloom term defines width carpeting denote quality woven carpets rugs backing surface yarns pile woven operation popular weaves wilton axminster velvet named loom woven oriental chenille illustrations woven carpets type construction tufted process pile surface yarns woven firm prewoven backing loops tufts fiber punched machine backing coating latex applied secure yarns tufted carpets layer backing strong durable fibers added give strength durability fourths carpets produced today process type construction knitted carpet backing stitching pile yarns looped operation multiple sets knitting needles process similar woven carpet weave backing coated latex securely fastens yarns pile surface giving body preventing stretching number contemporary soft surface floor coverings popular consist shag foam backed rugs carpets recent shag rugs carpets doubled
soaps skin hair mild neutral soaps prevent irritation skin excessive drying skin toilet soap cleanse efficiently inexpensive mild neutral soap serve purpose family budget permit indulge soaps perfumed colored obtained small bars unusual shapes soaps additional advantage consumer numerous soaps floating castile transparent hard water grit liquid tar medicated grit soaps abrasive removing grease stains hard water soaps oils lather hard water medicated soaps slightly additional antiseptic soaps antiseptic lather washes germs considering toilet soaps bear mind fundamental characteristics soaps cleaning quality mildness skin important familiar types soaps purposes instance silk rayon wool require neutral soaps careful handling laundry soaps bleaches powders full knowledge intended purposes hundreds varieties synthetic chemical detergents designed toilet shampoos laundry characteristics synthetic detergents popular laundry purposes hard water minerals water softener detergents manufactured fit varying types water conditions result qualities detergents living regions hard water found special detergents preferable soap
requires amount sleep rest proper functioning mind body depriving sleep periods result improper functioning mind blurred vision difficulty hearing amount sleep needs varies individual function longer periods sleep research shown factories offices coffee breaks minutes increase productivity workers reducing health cost periodic health examinations regular examinations eyes teeth ears health problems treated thousands individuals fail obtain proper treatment attempt treat thousands individuals mistakes helpful drugs greatest dangers careless prepared cures bought drugstore counter casually chewing gum danger treating guess wrong guess remedy case competent judge doctor specialist identifying ailment prescribing remedy person family select physician needed stranger community obtain information local medical societies local hospital directories american medical association need doctor emergency times difficult reach doctor choice cities emergency plan offered medical societies hospitals telephone doctor care needs doctor
agencies federal government protect consumer ways services relate health safety local government agencies help provide health safety protection services inspecting food restaurants hospitals similar institutions testing water providing water supply setting standards inspecting sewers inspecting buildings furnaces automobiles families able provide medical services services public hospitals public health service agencies public health services nurses visit homes provide care treatment hospitals similar service called patient service vaccination immunization services provided children free parents pay services commonly required child physical examination entering school communities special clinics expectant mothers babies words community kind medical care family obtain doctor hospital choosing states cities counties medical associations dental associations community chest red cross private agencies provide kinds services dealing health problems services designed detect diseases health problems prevent treat diseases injury clinics organized purposes making medical dental examinations specifically purpose detecting cancer tuberculosis defective teeth defective eyes drugs drug products considerable part cost maintaining health thousands drugs drug products variety
consumers nearly buy things services personal needs buy stereo sets furniture cars newspapers radios things buy entertainment cable television movies buy labor electricians plumbers carpenters lawyers doctors services list buy intend give family friends stereo set furniture receive services electrician plumber buy things services view reselling profit finished stereo set furniture try resell regular part earning living consumers personal things services buy reason distinguishing purchasers users businesses buy regularly purpose resale consumers likely informed result able protect businesses buy regularly purpose resale reasonable operators stereo store bargain bargain struck supplier goods resale consumers stereo equipment occasional purchase likely informed operators stereo shop consumers fully protected need consumer law consumers treated businesses
rule caveat emptor rules relating contracts comes common law body laws decisions judges individual cases common law rules developed parties court settle dispute judge hear party arguments decide problem resolved judge decision case precedent rule applied similar case arises precedents applied later cases expanded refined complete body laws developed settle contract disputes rule caveat emptor developed early england resolve disputes arising buyer dissatisfied goods purchased point wrongdoing part seller united states supreme court applied precedent established english courts settle dispute case involved barnard wool broker obtained shipment wool supplier south america kellogg merchant wanted purchase wool barnard offered sell wool kellogg fifty cents pound kellogg accepted offer provided bales wool quality samples kellogg seen barnard told kellogg kellogg examine bale determine quality kellogg examined bales refused examine rest later discovered south american supplier packed rotten damaged wool center bales kellogg wanted return wool refund point wrongdoing part barnard
sales mail telephone sales catalogs form books magazines catalogs list articles sale descriptions detailed suppose robert order kind camera refused katalog company robert feels catalog advertisement lefkowitz replied agree courts say listing item catalog offer tend treat listing differently ad lefkowitz replied fixed number lapin stoles offered ad catalogs set number item offered sale extent indefinite remember order create contract parties exchange obligations intent obligations binding catalog ads generally limit number item offered sale ads making offers saw company published catalog binding fill order ran stock catalogs declare prices subject change notice number set sale price unclear offer offers clear tell acceptance think ad ad directed person clear definite leaving important bargaining general invites visit store look merchandise consider want pay advertised
theory unconscionability ucc protects interests consumers consumers interests protected creation implied warranties seller say quality sold contract silent price description sold delivery circumstances question arises seller held responsible goods don seller express promise goods drafters ucc felt seller express promises quality goods sold goods usable purposes sold quality goods sale unstated promise implied warranty suitable purpose sold store sells stereo set making statement quality set courts interpret contract including implied promise set play music stereo seller wants sell making warranty express implied item especially true item seller want inspect repair selling ucc permits sellers disclaimer warranties denial warranties conditions met disclaimer conspicuous likely call attention contract writing disclaimer writing
chapter occurred consumer law legislatures states congress united states order recognize respond special needs consumer early organized set laws regulation consumer transactions uniform commercial code recommended adoption legislatures eventually adopted minor differences states louisiana louisiana adopted substantial portions code interpreting uniform commercial code applied consumers courts moved rule caveat emptor moved interpreting agreements ways favorable consumers uniform commercial code established rules states unconscionable contracts enforced case midnight sale toker perl agreement perls food service business judged unconscionable perls knowing signed contract agreed purchase food freezer priced half times normal kind contract considered unconscionable unfair surprise contracting parties case consumer purchased car special steel belted tires blew causing accident damage car case court refused enforce part express warranty limiting damages cost blown tire court effect rewrote agreement cover damage car unfair agreement
case typical industrial post industrial age goods produced manufactured level sold law contracts help consumers recover manufacturers party consumer contracts connecticut court put problem maxim caveat emptor millstone necks dealer customer customer maintain action retailer breach implied warranty dealer turn sue supplier recoup damages costs customer prevails eventually separate distinct pieces costly litigation chain title manufacturer finally obliged shoulder responsibility instance connecticut court noted cases consumer recover merchant sold defective products doctrine implied warranties ucc moss warranty act changed law contracts consumers remedy sold defective goods consumer problems remain consumer products purchased person purchasers privity seller rights injury damage results defective product service common law provided alternative contract law hurt manufacturer producer action approach area law called law torts tort word coming latin word tortus means crooked twisted tort law unlike contract law deals obligations voluntarily assumed
chapter dealing rights responsibilities borrowing money main subjects truth lending debtor protections borrowing truth lending act requires credit transactions involving consumers creditors disclosures give information terms conditions credit transaction specifically consumer credit transaction advertisement includes credit terms clear statement cost credit repayment procedures open end credit credit based agreement creditor consumer consumer purchases loans continuing basis consumer pay balance full installments finance charge added unpaid balance closed end credit credit set finance charges schedule payments agreed advance creditor consumer closed end credit involved financing car furniture large appliance consumer leases represent rental set period cost lease high comparison rented term lease approximates rented consumer purchase rented end term nominal price entire transaction credit sale case truth lending act treats transaction credit sale truth lending act requires consumers clear complete information borrow creditors advertise include advertisements terms law considers material
recent government expanding protection consumers feel government regulation business appears designed protect consumers protect regard rule caveat emptor rule caveat venditor let seller beware agencies federal government established protect consumers federal trade commission power stop unfair deceptive advertising trade practices power ftc asked advertisers speak absolute truthfulness inflated claim tend deceive attacked agency commission feels consumers deceived agency law violated ftc tested power prevent misleading advertising forty ago court suit challenging agency order cosmetic company result suit broad agency powers ftc challenged advertising charles ritz rejuvenescence cream ads spoke vital organic ingredient essences compounds quickly bring user skin clear radiance petal quality texture youth regard ads claimed cream restores natural moisture live healthy skin result face need drought cream skin bloom wonderfully rejuvenating ftc investigated issued complaint held hearing found cream rejuvenate skin regardless age agency ordered word rejuvenescence similar word describe product
trend greater government regulation business process consumers protect need overly concerned safety food airline travel car drive prescription drugs regulation extended matters relating price service past prices airlines charge customers routes fly approved agency federal government control broadcast television radio programs kinds programs put air large regulations designed protect consumers trend greater government regulation challenged challenge directed protecting consumers goals president kennedy spoke thought consumers safety information opportunity choice role major governmental decision affecting challenge directed means fulfill goals call deregulation reduction government interference supervision business challengers say government regulation efficient protect consumers challengers argue let marketplace determine protect consumer interest airlines freely compete prices charged consumers tumble artificially high levels service improve according challengers areas including development drugs consumer health challengers argue operation market free competition serve consumer interest
topographic drawings technical fields professions single profession exclusive claim preparation application feature topos contrast exclusivity architectural drawings electrical plans field profession requiring specification planning positioning tracts land natural objects coastlines land areas need topo drawings maps common applications topos fields discussed section surveying process determining location form boundaries tract land measuring bounds perimeter features data collected survey provide essential source base data topos prepared accurate surveys construction projects practically physically impossible complete result problems surface drainage inadequate road design surveyors surveying firms frequently contracted survey tracts land recorded existing topos cases additional surveys conducted compare present conditions recorded subdivide tract land reason surveying determine finer grid detailed level characteristics land positioning stationary landmarks figure surveys conducted piece property order record types information engineering field civil engineering relies heavily information provided topo drawings surface topography important engineering projects involved construction buildings bridges roads harbors airfields dams tunnels water supply sewage systems
accuracy type information presented topographic drawings affect quality financial practicality planning engineering mapping projects reasons care design preparation topo drawings mapping engineering fields assuring high quality drawings drawing surveying instruments supplies practical limits poor quality inappropriate instruments supplies production inaccurate poor quality drawings poorly drawn topos turn detract product conceived designed steer project financial ruin map drawers drafters care select tools materials suited task hand manufacturers sell drawing surveying instruments materials creates problem novice topographer equipment supplies purchased answer questions inexperienced topographer contact professionals field advise acceptable quality levels recommend supply companies able meet requirements wide range opinion individual drawers drafters buy fact purchase equipment firms drafters required purchase set basic drawing instruments supplies employer required specialized expensive equipment drafters purchase entire array drawing instruments materials advantage learn employer supply purchase item rule follow buy quality afford maintain item working order
triangles straightedges topographic map drawing draw vertical standard angular lines increments basic types triangles adjustable triangles figure triangles standard heights increments ranging typically drafters purchase triangles set cases practice sure triangle longer triangle adjustable triangle combines functions triangle protractor combination bases triangle hypotenuse set desired angle flexibility drafters prefer adjustable triangle exclusively types triangles frequently plastic wood aluminum templates convenient saving drafting tools draw wide range standard symbols shapes common templates topographic mapping field general mapping symbols civil engineer radius guide highway route symbols highway radius guide templates common drafting technical drawing fields circle ellipse square lettering templates figure shows commonly templates guides exceptionally drafters drawing lettering guide lines adjustable lettering guide figure specifically designed draw guide lines varying heights including standard heights side guide angled lettering slant letters variety curves found drawing supply stores application topo drawing common curves preparing topos irregular radius railroad flexible curves
symbols topographic maps drawings categorized according characteristics scaling characteristics types information hydrographical surface forms scaling small scale large scale maps topographic map symbols found small scale drawings discussed section say symbols large scale drawings vice versa common small scale mapping maps drawn united states conform standards established united states geological survey standards national map accuracy standards nmas govern map accuracy symbol specifications recognized authority topographic maps symbols drawn noted older maps produced countries variations geological survey guidelines examples variations shown appendix discussion purposes small scale topographic map symbols broken broad categories categories road transportation systems railroad waterway transportation systems non natural objects map references boundaries surface forms hydrographic forms surface characteristics majority symbols produced multicolor form road transportation system symbols include representations forms roads streets trails figure symbols include primary secondary roads light duty improved roads unimproved roads proposed roads roads construction dual divided roads highways trails road transportation symbols considered line symbols connect location phenomenon multicolor maps major roads drawn red roads drawn black single color maps black major roads drawn shown figure
scales grids drawing accurate usable topos scales inform proportion ratio drawing actual area land map drawing area table shows common map scales grid graticule system pertains vertical horizontal reference lines coordinates locate surface phenomena map designer drawer scales grids considered union scales shown maps drawings ways statement graphic representation shown spacing grid system subtle ways scales size detailing graphic representations drawing scale expression distance distance drawing distance earth ratio drawing scales distances expressed unit measurement common ways scales presented maps topos discussed representative fraction rf simple ratio fraction type drawing scale scale notation types notations ratio designation preferred meaning unit measure inch foot centimeter drawing representative units unit measure surface earth scales frequently referred rf emphasized units measure sides ratio numerator denominator verbal expressions written statements map distances earth distance relationships
need rapid data collection processing required turn development techniques procedures prepare produce topographic drawings maps engineers geographers professionals need accurate drawings frequently require topos variety information requirements translate complex drawings additional drawing increases drawing map costs recent cooperative effort topographic field improve quality accuracy rate producing topos color modern technology helped making drawings easier interpret graphic arts procedures cost effective easy reproduce high quality topos multiple colors meet increased demand multicolor topos complex drawings sophisticated procedure developed refined procedure called overlay drawing simply overlay drawing process base drawing map prepared series overlays separate sheets paper film base drawing map drawings overlays overlay drawings present information base drawing applicable single color multicolor topos entire set base overlay drawings frequently referred manuscript map manuscript actual procedures preparing manuscript simple require purchase additional drawing drafting equipment steps overlay drawing follows base drawing map prepared line drawing photogrammetric photomap case base drawing prepared polyester clear acetate film withstand frequent overlay preparation
traversing surveying procedure determine direction length series lines traverse series lines lengths known connected known angles traverse lines called courses points courses intersect known traverse stations lengths courses determined taking direct measurements horizontal distances slope measurements indirect measures based surveying methods tacheometry angles traverse stations courses measured directly surveying instrument result field survey series connecting lines lengths azimuths bearings known lengths called horizontal distances azimuths bearings true magnetic assumed grid discussed section broad classifications traverses open closed open traverses end closing ending starting point known point comparison closed traverses close known point traversing methods closed preferred closed traverses easily checked accuracy linear angular measurements accurately check open traverses difficult impossible unreliability open traverses limits engineering mapping fields provide exact data open traverses primarily exploratory purposes estimates sufficient shown figure open traverses close impossible arithmetical checks field starting point known angle summations determined location traverse stations verified important note open traverse surveying crude nonexact
traverses plotted scale accurately reliably variety plotting techniques procedure selected depend survey data recorded field calculations preferences drawer accurate techniques employ numerical computations direct field readings mathematical procedures exact traverse plotting procedures developed refined scientists engineers traverse plotting techniques discussed section techniques plotting interior angles distance bearing azimuths deflection angles tangents cotangents latitudes departures rectangular coordinates interior angle traverse plotting illustrated figure field data included order plot traverse interior angles sets data known location starting point relationship traverse course distances traverse courses interior angles traverse station figure beginning traverse station located relative known point point angle kab measured means supplied azimuth direction ab known distance measured station located measure angle fab locate station remainder interior angles courses plotted according data supplied plotting traverse lines distance bearing easiest method technique based principle locating traverse stations relative bearings stations technique bearings presented formats bearing bearing term bearing refers bearing station preceding station
traverse plotting involves tangents cotangents bearing deflection angles angle tangent recorded angle greater cotangent recorded system plotting traverse plotting table mentioned surveying data provided drawer variety forms data include bearing angle deflection angle type data determine plotting procedure selected depending type data methods plotting traverses tangents cotangents method deflection angles method bearing angles deflection angle usage tangents cotangents plotting method illustrated figure similar chord method plotting traverses offset chord procedures follows basic information provided calculate deflection angle offset offset determined multiplying tangent cotangent deflection angle constant distance extend line ab distance equal constant label point point draw perpendicular line direction deflection angle perpendicular offset record distance shown plotting table label point point draw line point measure distance course bc label point repeat procedure successive course bearing angle tangents cotangents plot traverses shown figure
study observation celestials require readings measurements horizontal vertical angles angles triangles formed aid solution surveying problems incorporate celestials unlike flat surface plane angles triangles based spherical characteristics say sides triangle curved triangle consists zenith celestial north pole reference points heavenly body point earth surface sextant hand instrument measuring horizontal vertical angles relationship celestial bodies sextant find exact location point earth surface instrument employed surveyors transit transit similar telescope field surveying observations ability rotate full vertical axis making visual observations observations calculated referring variety tables examples trigonometric tables ephemeris tables tables celestial bodies regular intervals tables polaris solar calculations surveying teams american nautical almanac almanac published positions major celestial bodies times addition angular notations calculations noted carefully observations calculations reason celestial body occupies location sky times location calculations feet hundreds miles noting celestial calculations surveying useless types considered astronomical observations
principles photogrammetry traced works leonardo da late fifteenth century fields geometry optics mechanics geophysics da graphically illustrated concepts aerodynamics optical projection mid field photogrammetry european community term photogrammetry coined european geographer kersten common europe term win wide acceptance united states american society photogrammetry asp founded asp considers photogrammetry art science technology surveying measuring photographic energy emitting processes procedure extensively topographic mapping applied ground air aerial photogrammetry procedure commonly mapping eliminated need extensive field surveys ground terrestrial photogrammetry supplement complement aerial process areas unusual physical characteristics professional disciplines photogrammetry consists variety specialty areas broad areas terrestrial ground aerial air photogrammetry specialty areas photogrammetry defined technology energy emitting process types photogrammetry mapping topographic field discussed radargrammetry radar measuring device describe physical characteristics area earth surface ray photogrammetry employs rays collect surveying data motion pictures surveying called cinephotogrammetry
process orthophotography eliminates need transferring measurements information aerial photograph drawing map produced orthophotography called photomap process begins perspective photograph displacements images due tilt relief removed known differential rectification information shown photomap scale names elevations drawn scribed overprinted reproduction analytical aerotriangulation procedure required supplement ground control points photogrammetric compilation needs analytical aerotriangulation means coordinates photo control points produced mathematical procedures analogue methods highly technical analytic procedure establish precise photogrammetric data satellites launched orbited late result entirely technology space technology established engineering scientific disciplines professional area significantly affected photogrammetry advent space age caused photogrammetrists intrigued interested potentials recording surveying data orbiting base unlike aerial photography photogrammetry space photogrammetry science sensors spacecraft satellite manned orbiter shuttle secure mapping plotting coordinates measurements space photogrammetry mapping earth surface planetary mapping equipment field suited collecting mapping data earth planets natural satellites moons space photogrammetry systems classified according application space sensing systems categorized applications remote sensing satellite photogrammetry
analyses tasks performed office workers reveal skills need successful performance key skills techniques developing strengthening course paragraphs ability typewrite skill practically office job positions typist word processor typing skill workday positions receptionist accounting clerk typing skill needed occasionally developed typewriting skill course able improve basic rate typing increase accuracy ability typewrite important skills required finding office job typing skill contributing factor assume greater responsibilities move ahead career office spent preparing reports reports needed explain happening organization tasks involved preparation reports include library resources taking notes preparing rough draft copy typing final copy office workers spend deal talking customers callers spend called receptionists called receptionist typists office workers meet public need able talk ease courtesy learn deal organizations provide needed information clearly understand needs call organization telephones provide means rapid communication modern office worker needs answer telephone place call record complete accurate messages
basic skills reading writing arithmetic constantly personal skills considered fundamental office office center flow information understandable employees reading skills employees able read instructional manuals guide tasks able read information company transmit knowledge customers worker business office telephone company stated innovations introduced company read carefully bulletins receive services bulletins advertisements appearing newspapers magazines customers receive begin calling additional information able explain services intelligently believe computers eliminated need handwriting office case considerable handwriting required illegible handwriting leads errors lost employees prepare schedules list customers overdue balances accounts original copy schedules prepared handwritten form typed employee figures easy read worker prepared original copy need interrupted frequently typist ask figures want sure handwriting readable understandable numbers practically business office want full command basic arithmetic processes handle tasks require computations beginning office assistant personnel office large company commented
rate handwriting acceptable evaluated standards listed piece lined paper write paragraphs illus write look specimen handwriting completed notice meets requirements listed pages satisfied writing legible reading difficulty determining letters satisfied legibility writing want improve appearance think writing look want write rapidly maintain legibility achieved interest rewrite paragraphs illus pushing produce word rate normal rate writing legible circle letter word believe illegible write words times write words illegible consider writing suggestions help give space write easily sufficient desk space arms rest comfortably desk room arms free move slightly body desk sufficiently clear books papers allow arrange writing paper conveniently hand position makes easy produce clear complete letters hold pen comfortably manner full control letters making
purposes letter transmittal transmit report interest reader read entire report letter transmittal written formal personal style body report letter transmittal information separate summary included report included letter transmittal table contents shown illus overview material covered report listing main topics chapter titles page numbers type final copy table contents check titles page numbers sure correct minute heading table contents centered inches top page typed entirely capital letters double spacing titles chapters main topics single spacing instances important words chapter main topic title capitalized chapter preceded number typed roman numerals period spaces roman numerals lined periods directly beneath leaders periods spaces altered extend page title guide reader finding page number periods leaders vertical alignment line easily typing periods odd numbers typewriter line scale tables illustrate information report
manages business discover financial health company studying reports called financial statements financial statements commonly types businesses determine financial health balance sheet income statement balance sheet parts assets business owns liabilities business owes stockholders equity capital owner share business balance sheet total assets equal total liabilities stockholders equity typewritten format balance sheet allow reader glance assets equal liabilities stockholders equity illus page managers business study parts balance sheet determine business financially healthy date income statement shows company lost money period period covered income statement called fiscal period income expenses company fiscal period recorded income statement illus page net income results income greater expenses net loss occurs expenses greater income income statement page shows net income net amount income loss important amount income statement highlighted reader underlining figure double line major responsibilities producing final copies financial statements statements correct pleasing appearance careful study planning begin type
legal documents typed office worker printed forms completed filling blanks called type complete legal document prepare carbon copies legal papers person interested paper copy including copy lawyer court record legal documents typed standard inch paper special legal size paper inches wide vary inches length paper printed left margin lines left margin rule double line margin single line minimum margins inches top inch bottom allowed typing legal paper printed margin rules set typewriter margin stops margins typewritten material spaces printed rules paper printed margin rules typing legal document allow inch left margin inch margin leave blank lines title line type typewritten legal documents double spaced find single spaced type legal paper purchased consecutive numbers printed page left printed left margin line number approximately inches top edge position typewritten title numbers positions typewritten lines material easy reference part legal document contents discussed
proper storage records businesses size material filed factor consider number items filed standard filing cabinets storing common sizes business records inches inches cabinets designed house card files punched cards computer printouts blueprints materials sizes typical pull drawer file cabinet vertical file business offices vertical file cabinets manufactured drawer units drawer units desk active records drawer vertical file cabinets referred counter height cabinets drawer vertical file cabinets replacing drawer units occupy amount floor space additional drawer office space business districts large cities expensive filing equipment saves floor space greatly reduce cost housing records business office correspondence files typical contents correspondence files letters telegrams teletype messages purchase orders invoices reports interoffice memorandums reading correspondence files company easiest learn nature business history transactions active correspondence files drawer files desk files completed transactions drawer files areas office increasing number records expensive office space organizations lateral files
correspondence business papers going filed collected orderly manner materials filed special basket tray marked file step filing process inspecting document going file inspection process look release mark authority file letter mark action letter letter released filing release mark consists initials employer initials upper left corner letter assumed carbon copies ready file need release marks firms prepare carbon copies paper words file copy printed large outline letters face sheet colored paper file copies addition checking release marks inspect records completeness examine correspondence clipped belongs staple reply stapled top incoming letter paper clips rubber bands straight pins file drawer torn papers mended part inspecting process step filing process important indexing step significant indexing process determining caption document filed scan read letter carefully determine key title identifies material materials requested determines indexed
geographic filing indirect method locating folders individual correspondents slower papers sorted times depending geographic arrangement selected primary guides geographic file bear names largest geographic divisions specific arrangement depend needs company volume records filed geographic file based states primary guide tab printed correspondence filed guide guides arranged alphabetically alabama alaska states alphabetic order secondary guides bear names geographic subdivisions primary guide secondary guides captions bearing names cities towns geographic file include kinds folders individual folders city folders folders individual folders geographic file manner subject file differ captions geographic file caption individual folder includes city correspondent geographic identification top line correspondent arrangement aids correct placement folders city guides individual folder correspondent communication correspondent filed city folder correspondence warrant separate city folder communication miscellaneous folder section file
computations electronically printing calculators machines actual printing mechanical wheel bars strike paper tape print answers computations electronic printing calculators shown paper tape checked accuracy original document computations electronic display calculators shown lighted figures window directly keyboard printed record calculations needed moving parts completely silent portable battery operated models held hand calculators display window printing device models disengage printing device tape calculations needed sets calculating instructions programs stored electronically magnetic tape media calculators program needed simply inserted calculator calculations started operating control keys machine cash register widely business process data makes record transaction customer seller cost item total amount purchase amount payment change returned printed rolls paper cash register striking keys paper roll threaded machine operator tear tape transaction give customer receipt roll cash register called audit tape audit tape seller able verify money cash register drawer end
corrections properly original visible copy liquid correction fluid cover small mistakes major correction addition typed separate page cut pasted original rubber cement special transparent tape seal edges shadows reproduce black lines copy electrostatic copier simple operate models feature permits user set control number copies needed copies rate machines enlargements reductions models copying process process frequently called xerox brand companies makes type copier infrared copier copies seconds machine special paper image material copied carbon examples pencil marks print book ball point pens carbon ink images reproduce process infrared copier copy colors red blue green prepare offset mats fluid masters transparencies infrared copier infrared process called thermofax brand company makes kind copier employer copier answering letters shown illus handwritten notations original letter copied original letter mailed sender copy office files
heads departments company authority request purchase goods services departments request purchase complete purchase requisition purchase requisition space information needed purchasing department order desired goods services information includes quantity desired item service catalog number size color price known generally copies purchase requisition prepared original purchasing department duplicate maintained files department placing order purchase requisition purchasing department approved person department authority purchases generally department head times copy purchase requisition needed accounting department purchase requisition reaches purchasing department quotation file checked prices purchasing departments maintain quotation file latest prices products buy names addresses suppliers quotation file subject file maintained cards item separate card description specification size order number information price listed card product ordered immediately latest prices file latest prices quotation file customary send request quotation business firms sell product purchasing agent decides companies likely furnish product referring catalog file thomas register american manufacturers similar general purchasing directory
proteins nutrient need protein foods help body build repair parts blood skin hair nails muscles bones protein body burns protein energy fats carbohydrates nutrients burn saves protein important job keeping healthy strong types protein help fight disease pregnant women ill need eat extra protein foods kinds protein complete protein incomplete protein proteins building blocks called amino acids complete proteins amino acids body needs complete proteins found meat fish poultry milk products eggs incomplete proteins amino acids incomplete proteins found plants grains beans peas fruits vegetables calories measure amount energy burn foods eat percent daily calories protein foods teenager needs calories calories protein foods gram protein calories carbohydrates type nutrient need carbohydrates plants animals foods high carbohydrates include vegetables carrots turnips grains wheat oats barley dried beans peas nuts forms carbohydrates sugars starches fiber sugars starches give quick energy fiber helps digestion elimination sugar honey syrup ripe fruits called simple carbohydrates foods simple carbohydrates taste sweet
guide called basic food groups guide helps sure getting important nutrients meal nutrients proteins carbohydrates fats water vitamins minerals guide basic food groups divides foods need eat groups meat meat alternative group includes beef pork lamb poultry chicken turkey fish eggs nuts dried peas beans dried peas beans called legumes group fruit vegetable group includes fresh frozen dried canned fruits vegatables enjoy group grain group grain group includes breads cereals baked goods noodles spaghetti rice oats barley final group called milk group milk group includes milk including yogurt ice cream types cheese sour cream need servings meat group servings groups serving amount average person eats look chart page teenager ate looked ate food groups improve person diet raul mexican american breakfast morning eats tortillas flat round pieces dough flour salt shortening water cooked hot grill eaten pinto beans raul thinks family tortillas neighborhood today special family fried eggs red green chilies cheese
suppose planning drink glass low fat milk eat half cup baked beans meal completely nutrient dense nutrients lacking low fat milk dense protein vitamin thiamine riboflavin calcium iron orange portion figure page dense vitamin niacin notice percentages rdas supplied glass low fat milk percent rda riboflavin percent rda niacin percent daily calorie needs remember baked beans dense protein thiamine low fat milk dense protein thiamine calcium iron beans milk overlap nutrients figure shows foods combine produce meal nutrient dense protein vitamin thiamine riboflavin calcium iron eating foods nutrients eating food meal percent daily calories lacks vitamin niacin matter beans milk consume niacin vitamin number calories getting food add needed amounts niacin vitamin order meal complete choices add food dense niacin vitamin add food dense vitamin fourth food dense niacin place start looking fruits vegetables fruits vegetables high vitamins
body change depending treat healthier stronger weaker lighter heavier making body healthier stronger mean longer treating body treating body means giving proper amounts basic nutrients remember basic nutrients protein fats carbohydrates vitamins minerals water important healthy body give body proper amounts nutrients eating foods shortchanging body basic nutrients dangerous vitamins help body change nutrients energy giving body vitamins tankful gasoline car spark plug fuel effectively won power water body water car radiator getting shape asking body change asking body change means asking harder body works loses water urination perspiration breathing thirst tell body needs water weight lost activity occurs lost water weigh workout thenafter amount weight lose due water loss put water body sick perspiration helps cool lose water activity temperature rise suffer heatstroke active perspiring sure drink plenty fluids
chart shows main meals rene recommended number servings basic food groups avoided foods high fat fried foods avoided sweets high sugar grains ate enriched grain flour dense vitamins minerals high fiber choices milk cottage cheese pineapple show getting protein vitamins minerals fruits vegtables dense vitamins minerals choices eggs broiled fish satisfy meat requirement gave protein foods low fat rene needs calories give energy active healthy meals gave calories balanced diet rene physical problems active teenager continued eat able maintain healthy body ideal weight age size rene stop meals ate snack foods times ate sweetroll mid morning drank cola mid afternoon snack bag potato chips cola homework evening ate chocolatebar let look snacks closely added calories diet order gain weight wouldhave exercise burn extra calories snacks wise choices health
eat meals home eat meals restaurants eat meals school school lunch programs part child nutrition programs funded department agriculture child nutrition programs children elementary junior high high school age receive nutritious low cost meals child nutrition programs operate child care centers residential institutions conducted public private schools summer camps recreation centers form child nutrition program guam puerto rico virgin islands national school lunch program established goal serve wholesome low cost lunches children school school lunch program financed part department agriculture local school district return financial help government school agree serve lunches fit nutritious meal pattern meal pattern similar pattern basic food groups school meal pattern meat meat substitute enriched grain bread cereal milk servings fruits vegetables meal pattern plan lunches children ages serving sizes increased older children school lunch give child recommended dietary allowance important nutrient remember person rda nutrient based sex age size level activity physical condition addition specific meal pattern school lunches follow dietary guidelines low sugar fat salt include high fiber foods
texture soft crisp mushy stringy food feels mouth describe textures foods celery peanuts spaghetti turkey ice cream meals interesting foods textures included change meal boiled chicken rice cauliflower white bread ice cream add interesting textures change texture meal changing nutritional examine breakfast interestingly colored foods planned describe texture need change colorful varied textures treat eyes mouth sure follows basic meal pattern flavors foods interesting planned boring serve spicy foods bland foods thesame meal serving fruit salad lunch fruit dessert poor choice garlic bread wise choice serve spicy chili look breakfast planned colorful interesting textures planned mixture flavors spicy mild foods change need colorful varied texture interesting flavor treat tastebuds add variety meals think temperatures foods serve cold snowy evening prefer snack dish orange sherbert cup hot chocolate food lukewarm reaches stomach prefer foods temperatures surroundings
resources things help plan prepare meal limitations things lack money resources limitations grouped categories categories money equipment supplies resources limitations change need constantly reevaluated thoughts resources limitations money spend meal limited relatives donated person meal willing help prepare meal reunion fact relatives hurt asked help mother father excellent resources ask teachers advice store owners town help decide food buy forget energy talents experiences powerful human resources reunion held parents yard large room tables chairs cooking equipment rented borrowed utensils kitchen supplies begin planning food grocer donated charcoal lighter fluid father friend lots cookbooks written materials plan large dinner plan meal proud weeks reunion wise wait weeks begin making decisions
ken confused worried mary eating worries needlessly mary upset states real problem mary eating practical problem goals valued ends ken wants accomplish find sets goal find mary eating valued end healthy wife baby valued end avoid conflict family looking context problem means looking place objects feelings involved involved problem month problem happening involved feel solving problem cost solve problem problem affect problem problems context problem makes special makes problems ken problem living seventeenth century twenty century addition wife baby affected solution problem wouldthis problem change mary food tastes pregnant background doctor ken needs look choices alternatives order meet goal valued ends choices add list ignore mary eating talking eating hope careful find eating
order natural vitamins minerals fresh fruits vegetables handled carefully pinch bruise decay loss nutrients correctly storing fruits vegetables home vital preserving nutrients fresh vegetables potatoes winter squash sweet potatoes cool dark place need refrigerated fresh vegetables fruits bananas refrigerator prevent spoilage fresh fruits tomatoes need ripen room temperature direct sunlight refrigerated frozen fruits vegetables freezer canned fruits vegetables cool dark dry place kitchen cabinet milk group consists milk foods milk foods milk include types cheese yogurt ice cream remember need servings milk group milk meat eggs protein food cooked low temperatures protein tough exposed high temperatures heated milk cocoa unhappy results scorched bottom sides pan tough film formed top milk milk suddenly boiled curdled common problems caused heating milk quickly temperatures high heat milk small pieces fat settle bottom sides pan problem milk overheats sugar milk scorches fat
decisions quickly emergency steps kitchen injuries decide save prevent injury victim means checking victim breathing heartbeat decide injury decide call doctor friend fallen broken leg breathing help friend begin breathing begun breathe care injuries putting splint broken bone death decision think injury assured move accident victim person safety utmost concern movement worsen injury sure doctor services needed don wait call doctor think need important learn treat injuries victim breathing heart beating ways treat common kitchen injuries burns caused explosions fires electrical shocks contact hot objects treat burns according severe types burns kitchen burns minor called degree burns treat degree burns holding injured area cold running water minutes blisters result degree burns degree burns degree burns degree burns blisters hold burned area cold running water minutes call doctor
types bacteria cases food poisoning botulinum salmonella staphylococcus streptococcus bacteria bacteria result food poisoning conditions multiply quickly major conditions rapid growth bacteria temperature cooking meats vegetables sure temperature avoid foods sitting warm place hours investigate ill examine bacteria closely think hours weak dizzy ill botulinum bacteria result acute form food poisoning botulism addition causing weakness dizziness nausea botulism lead death improperly home canned food meats vegetables main botulism try remember eat food canned home food cooked canned lid jar took food bulge boil food ten minutes ate salmonella bacteria result infection known salmonellosis foods carry type bacteria poultry milk sauces foods eggs try remember ate foods washed cooked heat hot foods higher refrigerate cold foods hands clothes counters utensils clean staphylococcus bacteria food poisoning infected open sore cut comes contact poultry egg dishes salad dressing
rule increasing kitchen efficiency store things layer deep wise management reach roasting pan morning breakfast cereal wise management reach roasting pan broiler pan cake pans saucepan heat vegetables families learn makedecisions store items kitchens items front easy reach think kitchen arranged list commonly items stored efficient places place increased efficiency efficiently planned kitchen save energy prevent accidents frustration efficient arrangement makes meal preparation pleasant part efficient manager planning flow involves move kitchen meals planned prepared served smooth flow steps follow kind game basketball basketball want ball basket series steps steps flow don want going opponent basket longer score points meal preparation don want retracing steps repeating basketball meal preparation tired smooth flow smooth flow kitchen divide centers think center basketball hoop want reach goals
energy mind energy issues talked television written newspaper debated reminded energy problem put gasoline car reminded energy problem turn light reminded energy problem pay heating bills think energy buying groceries think energy eating restaurant energy goes producing food hidden energy remember kinds energy human energy nonhuman energy human energy produced burned body body fueled food eat nonhuman energy comes sun deep earth coal oil natural gas uranium found earth examples nonhuman energy coal oil gas called fossil fuels uranium nuclear fuel energy resources formed hundreds thousands ago replaced nonhuman energy help called cultural energy gasoline run farm machinery cultural energy electrical power run motor cultural energy types fuels move food countries kinds cultural energy additional examples cultural energy calculator math homework farmers moved animals farm tractors machines
order feed country needs rich land water trained workers mild climate countries resources countries buy food grow poorer countries population exploding happens die starvation population double scientists say double amount food feed adequately alive need times food hungry families earn dollars daily earning india cents american mothers stronger healthier babies mothers mothers hungry parts babies smaller weaker lack food baby smaller normal affect baby brainpower rest baby protein infant brain grow properly matter protein later catch normal united states forced think hungry high energy needs seen americans large amounts energy energy produce food large amount energy countries countries poorest generally richest supplies energy united states need energy mexico india africa middle east future richest countries want energy poorest countries
plague named black death killed killed killed close estimating died million parts population return preplague level invisible monster black death crept nation nation main trade routes struck villages towns cities overtook sought flee passed terrifyingly highborn felled low died walking street bodies frequently lay unburied weeks end want graves point pope holy river rhone france bodies flung water considered received christian burial entire crews died sea ships drifted silently mediterranean north seas cargoes corpses half black death claimed population europe survivors sure future believe disaster vast happened happen terror began mysteriously ebbed historians generally agree plague appeared tartar lands asia minor tartars explain disease deal sought small defenseless group blame order company christian merchants italy italians engaged overland trade europe china tartars vented rage bewilderment italians retreated base caffa fedosia fortified town crimean shore black sea
hunger hardship days buccaneers plodded jungle stung mosquitoes burned sun worried arrows indians morgan masterful leadership going ninth january saw cathedral bells plains city tired rag tag force met spanish army foot soldiers cavalry led governor outnumbered morgan proved command land sea ended furious pitched battle outflanking enemy spanish survivors fled helplessly city buccaneers roared heels riot torture looting victory buccaneers stomped defenseless homes shops churches outdoing bloodstained history piece snatched hiding powder stores set afire flames spread city lay ashes reported morgan fell famous ancient city panama february buccaneers started homeward trip took pack animals loaded treasure prisoners slaves total loot estimated high pieces port royal morgan greeted hero soon tumbled grace unknown sailed panama england spain signing peace treaty spaniards heatedly protested raid king charles ii recall morgan ally governor modyford imprisoned tower london months later morgan chains hangman claimed king bowed subjects adored prisoners modyford returned jamaica decked honors
city afoot doors shops dwellings closing prepared refgue heights twenty minutes later volcano sea calm chose stay sleep beds sunset invasion struck insects snakes mountainside moving gases heat mud flows deadly snakes called fer de lances swarmed black quarter destruction sugar mill took part les colonies nonetheless editor hurard resist comment alarm justified mount pelee gave black clouds dust ashes red hot cinders fell heavily limbs trees roofs collapsed weight rails streetcars disappeared completely dead birds lay nearly bush eyes smarted dust stomachs sickened stench sulfur smell strong wrote wife american consul horses street stop snort drop dead harnesses city power failed water supply muddy trickles homeless peasants filled streets parks offset rising fears les colonies dug professor landes swear newspaper quoted mount pelee feared vesuvius feared naples persons leaving fort de france daily lot votes understand panic wrote editor hurard st pierre invading fort de france imagine safer case earthquake
kitty skipped home school mother warned fast leather soles shoes wore kitty mother worried lot money poor depression kitty born depression kitty father worked telephone company minneapolis lived saint paul kitty aunts lived kitty grade saint james school nuns talked terrible war europe europe place huge ocean kitty remembered war sister john bosco father mcneel asked donations canned food send abroad morning course class prayed hungry unfortunate victims war rest hard remember things saint paul homework think saint paul winter carnival books paper dolls dime store friends play kitty skipped remembered news school happened lunch sister bosco smile face change routine boys girls going choose grade band today sister began call names kitty crossed fingers luck wanted band especially wanted play bells mavis sister saying play tambourine
kitty house jefferson avenue door fact lilac hedge grocery store penny candy counter convenient close mother store handy shopping run run door moments house fine screened front porch kitty mother put green rocking chair fun sit cozily book watch traffic jefferson busier street juliet neighbors side kitty house older couple mrs thone large garden leaning rake hoe watch furniture moving door kitty carrying collection dolls kitty loved dolls rubber dolls wet dolls plaster paris heads soft bodies rag dolls limp love yellow teddy bear called bubbles pink rabbit called bunny bosco siser john bosco personally kitty thought rabbit nun evening furniture place boxes unpacked kitty father let walk saint anthony look school kitty pictured saint anthony mind forgotten real place felt anxious afraid coat closet father started jefferson avenue
surely grade hard find door kitty opened entrance church school finally kitty opened door showed room children desks small students grade printed door small letters kitty seen pardon kitty backed hall door door grade wasn library kitty began panic obediently going late anyway ran hall church grade room started patrol boy coming street called desperation grade pointed steps end hall upstairs kitty sped steps quickly forgetting thank grade sign door top steps line going kitty joined line directly desk kitty stood door waiting sister say welcome katherine seat window slight stares kitty seat quickly quietly fade rest class sister say words didn say children stood prayer prayer kitty heard saluted flag
wall stood bookcase shelves packed books sports books biographies sports heroes novels football baseball basketball technical sports books bearing names famous coaches atop bookcase carefully centered standing small trophy golden figure football player ball tucked safely hand poised left hand extended fend tackler brass plate mahogany base trophy inscribed terry masters valuable player freshman team windsor high school terry glanced trophy close winning varsity trophy sophomore season bitter disappointment flickered eyes caught freshman trophy varsity trophy stand alongside bookcase scored eleven touchdowns halfback position finished season team leading ground gainer indisputably star windsor high eagles football team chatter players terry cinch win trophy sophomore windsor high history coaches voted trophy senior lineman team leading tackler terry understood happened senior lineman chance terry chances close vote senior bound edge terry deeply disappointed stood stretched arms head yawned sleeping shorts terry masters stood feet tall weighed hundred eighty pounds broad shoulders muscular arms stomach flat appeared hard board
terry spotted horst schmidt soccer coach windsor high eagles seated table opposite side gymnasium gym buzzing activity tables lined walls large white card black lettering announced extracurricular activity table represented tables fall sports football cross country track soccer row center gymnasium floor crowded students milled table chattering renewing friendships meeting students start classes weeks students registration marked end summer vacation start school windsor high action center twelve hundred students terry completed ritual registration school cafeteria gym stood line classroom schedule checked textbooks bought notebooks donned dress shirt necktie navy blue jacket provided photographer variety sizes picture yearbook entering gym terry felt uneasiness discomfort frown place terry glanced horst schmidt football table dozen boys standing front waiting turns clipboard sign football team boys noticed terry crowded gymnasium floor intent getting turn clipboard terry room saw wilson brundage sight
brundage office seated desk scribbling pad yellow paper terry appeared door football coach heavyset tall thick neck brawny forearms big ten guard purdue fifteen past game purdue looked fit field thick unruly blond hair face full freckles gave gentle countenance looked idea guy students biology classes exactly guy understanding friendly cheerful terry biology course brundage seen fierce competitor football field apparently wilson brundage reserved humor classroom wild outbursts temper football field seen temper action terry thinking stepped coach office ready season masters brundage smiling terry re frowning masters wrong terry wished brundage call terry masters brundage addressed players terry father explained coach demonstrating considered players young boys season want talk terry brundage smiled mon seat terry stepped door seated straight wooden chair alongside coach desk coach problem terry swallowed hard decided play football thought tell
terry knew jorge perez coming part soccer major sport skills lifetime playing game schmidt emptied huge bag soccer balls brought field trunk car players moved picked balls feet dribbled field immediately mystery krystian wisniewski vanished instant took control ball story clear minutes served confirmation terry found gawking fascination dribbling krystian ball extension feet able movements ball ball part krystian wisniewski bidding left foot difference krystian exceptionally fast player quickness terry seen soccer players windsor knack changing pace intuitively leaving baffled defenders confused chagrined passes hit mark headers accurate passes defender krystian showed speed feet guessed tackled neatly cleanly confidently effectively aggressive knifing deftly taking ball hapless opponent clearly eagles duel krystian wisniewski lost important skills fact krystian stopped working constantly move pursuing opponent ball weaving open space pass teammate
night eagles match season thursday labor weekend clear warm eagles playing home field taking henderson park panthers stepping field loosening drills terry looked familiar scene windsor high football field familiar bleachers strangely empty football game crowd sure overflowing noisy enthusiasm soccer match crowd consisted small groups scattered bleacher seats side field parents friends players curious students townspeople mixed look strange sport soccer windsor high gained widespread fans eagles lackluster record spark excitement players entered arena unfamiliar terry football team entry high drama captain leading charging throng armored battle corridor shouting cheerleaders bringing bleachers feet roar soccer players dressed game uniforms ambled casually field chatting noticed fans dotting side bleachers opened public halfway field bench terry slowed pace watched henderson park panthers field racing warm drills terry eyed opposing players carefully looking talent match krystian bones don look
opening moment message clear matches won goals scored windsor eagles average team power northwest suburban conference windsor newfound power obvious unmistakable opening seconds match re windsor eagles terry murmured dozens times football field basketball court baseball diamond terry heard bones unconsciously saying let krystian moving easily eluded tackler short pass skittering paul halfback paul stopped ball foot looked getting bearings delay close fatal henderson park tackler charging paul paul turned dribbled couple yards lost control ball finally return pass krystian terry bones faded archie moved couple steps krystian positioning play horst schmidt opening gambit krystian ten yards center circle moving took pass paul smoothly dribbled steps left center field stopped looking archie suddenly turned booted low pass terry left forward daring kick caught henderson park defenders position heading wrong coached team knew team coached horst schmidt uncork cross field kick attack match
wrong terry father asked question end dinner night eating patio house stone patio terry helped father lay seated heavy redwood table terry father bolted meal unusually quiet masters dinner table terry aware word answers fine okay sure parents questions happenings terry mother aware abrupt answers terry tell expression face slightly lifted eyebrow asked question speaking mind terry contrasted stilted conversation evening ago night football game season terry father anticipated play upcoming game analyzed terry teammates discussed opponent argued strategy terry left football realized father ask questions soccer team father questions ask able discuss tactics argue strategy terry missed comradeship football team missed admit unmistakable look pride father eye undoubtedly father missed things terry couldn help sharing disappointment tonight repressed feeling disappointment difficult dinner felt anger wilson brundage trying bully football seeing expression brundage face terry asked coach father spoken
terry late arriving field eagles match fox valley raiders father let car gate field drove locate parking place terry stepped gate jogged end field door gymnasium father words applying pressure remained mind terry point settle brightest star field cheers reason ashamed love game playing ability stardom hard case alvin masters don fret don worry don apply pressure terry understood jogged football goalposts terry glanced bleachers west side field surprised size crowd number turned eagles opening match week ago terry smiled slightly eagles overwhelming victory score opening match stirred enthusiasm terry remembered electric feeling match opening moments sensation triumph thrill victory player team sensed match minute knowledge showed movement field aura victory evident players field quick spread fans bleachers hear team miss match
cheers krystian dressing room lasted minutes terry help resenting quickly showered dressed headed door suddenly hank dodsworth materialized alongside terry feel company especially feel company friend stranger easier shaking loose hank lived direction school building school night headed straight home nice game hank played walking side school building sidewalk front lights building streetlights cast funny shadows darkness summer night thanks terry staring straight ahead walked silence moment hank re missing star team terry took deep breath maybe bones hank bones jealous hank weigh words trying decide speak bones knows signed soccer team looked cinch player team re player bones close sudden krystian wrong wanting difference star terry looked hank play goalie goalie think goalies conference cheers goalie
tom successfully persuaded father mother older brother earle buy chances absolutely younger brother malcolm ed baby evening seated dinner table tom addressed follows buys chances brother malcolm makes stingy malcolm instantly burst tears sobbed reply family forgot buy chance catcher mitt play base religion important element tom childhood meant deal practice attend mass family say daily prayers home tried stress boys awareness needs real meaning charity usual tom responded keenly tom passionately engaged project undertook distributing christmas food baskets toys canvassing neighborhood contributions charitable organizations halfway effort satisfied tom worried nuisance pointed neighbors brashly approached money eminent famous response indignant mother re passionate belief worth dignity human regardless color race background deeply imbedded tom basic tenet religion tom took hold ardently let forget soul equal eyes god
true tom full social teen dated girls saw frequently believe steady autograph album period tom enthusiasm took dates concerts theatre show backstage tom ask artist sign program mementoes include autographs judith anderson maurice evans wartime tour macbeth irving berlin conducting show army st louis municipal auditorium pianists serge rachmaninoff artur rubinstein robert casadesus william kapell singers lily pons ezio pinza violinists jascha heifetz joseph szigeti ballet dancers irina baronova alicia markova saved card visitors gallery senate chamber signed bennett champ clark august weekend trip capitol end album father wrote wonderful son proud dad notre dame tom carefree freshman campus football games parties girls lots friends favorite young friends south bend patricia christensen john mccarthy jr neighboring la indiana pat later mrs mccarthy written days sixteen tom student notre dame spent weekends la tall slender dark wavy hair cool blue eyes devastating lashes
tom took things notre dame offer selectivity painter preparing colors addition regular required pre medical courses french tom side studied organ frequently couldn find room high balcony main church playing organ brother boniface charged taking care main church frequently find sitting pews afternoon listening beautiful organ music didn playing knew played organ afternoons lucky catch session wonderful faculty notre dame important tom father broughal priest later play important part father broughal young seventy white haired short heavy middle wonderful sense humor mind mousetrap show tom marvels notre dame helped tom develop love maker deep undying concern fellow father broughal instructor tom fact tom met cafeteria cup coffee wasn tom serving mass morning seeking free close friends kind adult friend young destiny definitely helps younger shape form philosophy sense values
officers club yokosuka certainly exception navy reputation smoothness sat bar waiting tom reported gate medical officer advised tom operating finished hour suggested comfortable wait club club started fill usual evening visitors place alive tom arrived whites clean tall confident stopped talk friends bar greeted renewed enthusiasm seen short weeks guam war viet nam truce signed geneva french forces ho chi minh tom appeared disappointed viet nam thought weeks earlier happy yokosuka obviously popular fellow officers finally tom want show parked front officers club chevrolet convertible bought st louis working deal car shipped japan drive yokosuka naval base shrine kamakura forty minutes tom stopped talking sped narrow road revealed headed
feel strongly navy career believe allow continue tad runs month sure medical corps tops mind give regards mrs casberg younger hot rod running send evacuation haiphong saw famous route number runs hanoi citizens milling sea hot rod road pavement solid block hanoi haiphong tom concluded letter doctor casberg later printed full navy medical newsletter joke assure invite dinner surgeon general dr casberg showed letter rear admiral lamont pugh surgeon general navy wrote tom haven spoken eloquent piece support contention military medicine specialty sui generis requires special breed practice conclude simply doctor promise thing reward sedulity satisfaction singularly personal realization level interest kind reward book transcended sublimity reading letter feel disposed beseech power doctor
saigon lot fun paris completely french blocks docks river st louis sitting sidewalk cafes listening french music watching pass apparent cognizance horrible load miserable refugees debarked lot sightseeing hindu temples mohammedan mosques catholic churches saigon called rightly paris east beautifully manicured gardened breathtaking lsm heat pretty awful night cools trees sway gently mimosa bougainvillaea gardenias lush tropical flowers break terrible preceding days champagne lobster thermidor present hopes ship due states end september due yokosuka end october passing tads yokosuka told want extend month ship order stateside arrange week ship due feel situation chance home leave week october imagine awful heat equator ocean breezes oven air shirts trousers cut shorts uniform nose consistently red sun
lecturing reached scale consumes lot received instructions admiral talk ship task force haiphong ships podium loudspeakers rigged ships wire recordings things sailor understands working wonderful job general daniel general lawton collins haiphong week dinner general collins benevolent uncle tough army general intensely interested youthful enthusiasm health grand certainly thanksgiving tropics thankful things close hand words freedom liberty catholicism real things walk absence markedly noticed warmth wonderful family wonderful memories dad fine things love mother hurt remember love received letter eddie yesterday latest address chaffee pleased intelligent letter interesting news true eddie writes seldom writes letter basic training sounded tough interview tougher kick description niece according nearly interesting sight father strutting allowing touch oo ing coo ing baby
balduck leave replaced cook type destroyer personnel ship officers balduck top notch fellows enjoyable evenings mme ngai lovely vietnamese woman runs orphanage dinner parties allowed bring guests serves vietnamese food chop sticks table foot deck lounge roman style cushions thing eddie opium fellows ship town occasions hand eaten meals ship hot showers cold cold showers healthy invigorating torture shower week ship embassy informs today mail plane week isolation don live mail mainstay daily mass ambassador left arrived swirl left hurriedly arrived camps excellent condition lavish praise expressed surprise fact learned speak vietnamese knows american viet nam learned language thought lowering oneself speak language colony french learn viet tongue
admiral sabin water tanks matter days air lift saigon french freighter shows important considers manufacturing potable water corpsmen plumbers mechanics medical corpsmen combined books wonderful especially enjoyed catholic philosophy book smile mother puzzled concerned fear buddhist join local order bonzes remember horribly beaten priest recovered due fortitude orientals demonstrate face basest tortures cases mother miserably beaten leave hut vomited vomited sick stomach medical thing wasn medical sort soul heart nature beaten priest distal portions ten fingers crushed stones mme ngai loves bowl buddhist altar heaped myrrh don burn leave unlit vigil lights present taking siesta orient stops functioning thing able tired today resting ship moment getting squared packages ship cook going philippines tomorrow week hong kong mailing packages
boiling hot weather tall house simmered seethed late heat wave napper family shared garden today shadier cooler stay indoors basement flat lay breathless wish eddy wish father wish private swimming pool private ice cream fountain private gave hot wish eddy stopped park eddy mother ask dog upstairs walk park friends try swings bit air eddy wish christmas pudding parents stared stupefied heat properly amazed buy christmas pudding mum wouldn early wish mother faintly heat bought puddings haven remember napper granny christmas puddings granny mrs napper remember boiling kitchen hours hours hours early stored christmas served pudding sighed smacked lips christmas pudding improves keeping mrs napper closed eyes apparently sleep eddy listening help puddings napper turn stirring mixture
samantha climbed grandparents apple tree top found ghost expressions surprise sides settled sociably branches nice chat ghost groaning clanking chains asked samantha groaning kind haven chains clank ghost moonlight nights ghost slid point evasive samantha sunlight wide shimmer air outermost apple branches looked directly sure focused gaze side say chimney pots grandparents bungalow corner eye clearly face clothing impression wide body limbs hands resting knees holding thought apple tree haunted samantha remarked remembered grandfather says tree bears fruit blossom says unnatural live possibly ghost interested samantha thought interested revealed grandfather seriously thinking cutting unsatisfactory tree room raspberry canes decided tell ghost tree real haunt original haunting planted
caretaker school repeat responsible damage school playground asphalt looked boiled extraordinary heat held responsible begin beginning beginning poor young hartley hanged hartley teachers pawley church england primary school ezra bryce headmaster mrs salt charge infants vicar widdington school help assembly religious instruction hartey young timid inexperienced recovered illness believe teaching job turned bryce bryce bullied harried sneered jeered altogether hartley appalling bryce knew poor young decided leave committed suicide lodgings term school course village guess lay death bully bryce sly bully cover times police education round asking questions able explain poor young hartley highly strung teacher delicate health spite fatherly support bryce tried give young cracked strain
jenny lay kids guide london propped knees special hollow aunt trudl soft couch twenty scatter cushions scattered afternoon sunlight poured room apricot jones nuzzled jenny sweater purred purr jenny thought felt cozy excited wishing hurry suddenly awful thoughts uninvited head spoiled spoil leave window wide open taking care cats murna fell flights suppose bedroom study power failure lights took matches lit candles accident bunch pages hard translation aunt trudl working months burned ashes cuckoo cuckoo cuckoo cuckoo cuckoo clock called cuckoo thinking thoughts jenny looked wrist watch hey aunt trudl friend silverman tried tried fix clock finally cuckoo hopped jenny mental math figured sixty hours till re plane tuesday week spring vacation days friday kids school taking eleven clock flight london looking forward thing wrong aunt trudl wasn coming
forty half hours till plane jenny figured wednesday school aunt trudl apricot jones bounding door snuggled ankles mephisto acknowledged arrival blinking green eye continuing nap rocking chair murna seen hiding aunt trudl jenny checked couch murna augusta asleep eaten piece blueberry corn muffin lettuce wilted jenny fresh leaf bit raw hamburger changed litter box washed cats dishes poured milk saucers opened cans cat food divided contents evenly bowls apricot jones mephisto murna racing kitchen smell don hog food jenny look murna living room bathroom hall bedroom study hard room look hiding places bed bureau typewriter cover lay floor inside desk drawer file cabinet drawer aunt trudl left open top desk boxes manuscripts stuff radiator closet jenny looked places possibility floor ceiling bookshelves wall desk careful disturb jenny stood desk craned neck looked caught sight cat highest bookshelf wedged space books wall
pam hippocrite night thinks don bed takes felicity chest drawers sais play dolls becauze allready grown hippocrite person sais thing oppozit takes felicity bed morning felicity chest sat hole night reason left dolls vienna proove grown woud baby mother woud minded sending therefor smallest doll resi coud put pockett white dress mean frock red poppies dress poppies mother dress material left mariedl sewed dress mariedl housekeeper grandparents dress sleeves wings puffed sleeves babyish short dresses hang goes waste children transport lady pinned big label going parcel thought label spoilt label sanderson known works busyness london therefor hole sanderson family children transport place pretty frock
tim heard door slam braced knew follow julian bellowed martinez front room familiar ritual door slam shout sound hurried footsteps clicking linoleum floor martinez appeared doorway room tim standing table wrapping labeling packages shipping martinez small dark eyes flashed knife blades angry slung opened package table front tim inside broken toy week returned start packing losing shirt tim knew say martinez tirades wanted say toys broke cheap packed wanted say martinez wasn losing shirt tailored slacks leather jacket imported loafers cadillac bought money poured broken room building didn thing tim boss angrier finding broken toys disagree say demanded martinez guess try careful guess lot job turned leave room martinez wanted remind saturday friends tickets dodger game
miss molina wrote board faced eleventh grade english class happened neil armstrong asked girl front row neil armstrong moon today miss molina asked answered nadia comaneci boy raised hand mean gymnastics girl think married remember mark spitz asked today bank counting money suggested students laughed janet molina walked briskly front class eyes dancing tim studied seat row chunky feet tall dull brown hair small mouth wore hair bun looked older thirty wasn beautiful wasn pretty teaching radiated energy tim active student class counted loyal supporters favorite movie star dropped sight miss molina asked favorite singer sports hero disappeared chance find happened person pointed board unit end semester weeks putting writing thinking research skills pick person re interested haven heard detective track person
cal screamed twenty spectators converged aisle left field pavilion stands batting practice home run headed crowded jockeying position cal yelled twelve shoving cal stretched left lunged ball fell yards grasp glove boy couldn ten cal concrete steps brushed luck muttered crack bat cal pushing shoving stands tim leaned seat hands folded head soaked color excitement ball park heard dodger stadium lacked tradition possessed baseball older parks yankee stadium york fenway park boston tim park filled history father started bringing dodger stadium knew baseball father died tim going ball games mother friend games marked weeks months tim linking days boyhood father dodger stadium nestled ravine rolling brown hills ball park heart los inside ravine rise factories freeways
compared vince lombardi football coach john earlingham looked part short slender rounded sloping shoulders gave impression physical frailty expected sixty fourth age thin arms tackle fragile frame threw block walked pigeon toed waddle knew resulted bout polio childhood uncertain stride carried ball end obvious glance possessed strength speed coordination athlete picked john earlingham crowd football coach football coach higgins high enlisted marines school board members choice gave job temporary basis john earlingham algebra teacher exempt draft polio enjoyed watching football fan degree considered sort student game yes thought enjoy coaching higgins high team emergency situation war ii ended john earlingham won championships big high school conference higgins high hornets finished standings small feat big aptly named members largest high schools southwestern michigan large took football seriously powerhouse big teams developed american michigan michigan big ten schools
john earlingham saw kathy denver place kick practice field squinty eyes widened wonder happened practice kathy boys lined show skills place kickers stood line kickers nervously scuffing ground toe football shoes earlingham borrowed junior high school high topped cleated football shoes part kathy uniform matched players field wearing matter matched john earlingham idea football player look small course appeared smaller lack shoulder pads wearing sweat suit higgins high stamped chest faded blue practice jerseys worn members hornets squad earlingham directed denny warren issue sweat suit changed orders earlingham imagine girl football pants anyway blond ponytail longest head hair football field earlingham wore white hair brush cut expected players allow wear hair kathy stepped place turn kicking practice field halt linemen butting blocking drill end field stopped stood turned watch backfield walking offensive plays slowed stop turned gaze slight figure gray sweat suit stepping front line
coach talked kathy mother kathy told afternoon kathy determined coach virginia going let earlingham turn silent pause harry denver continued boy age seventeen decide risks playing football girl coach vote fifty harry earlingham softly put game earlingham toyed idea solving problem letting kathy practice dress game sit unused bench coach decided played easy earlingham knew withhold kathy games girl expel squad sex kathy squad played harry repeated put game expect harry denver hear pretty kicker re sure decision harry yes decided coach wants worry sure parent supposed earlingham hung telephone slowly surprised didn known harry denver opening remark decision walked kitchen car turned driveway stepped porch
hotel gentiana owned scholler family generations original inn catering mainly climbers panelled walls ceilings ornately carved creaky floors sloped odd angles wing added side incorporating restaurant huge windows looking obergreutz peak schneiderhorn hidden days dense snow laden clouds restaurant bedrooms cellar gentiana nightclub discotheque building modern chalet annexe rooms smaller barer cheaper main hotel lunch lifts cable car kramms obergreutz stopped snow falling steadily morning coming dense white curtain vision obscured short drags nursery slopes working hardy spirits hooded wearing goggles rode career blindly speed scattering learners floundered gave soaked depressed hot chocolate grog room floor gentiana annexe bernard walker gazed moodily descending snow direct view wall main hotel opening window putting head look village lifts working snow falling heavily running invisible knew silence stopped
saw today wrapping tarpaulins protection weather ride unhampered burden skis worry actual person carrying skis manage liz found ascending mountains problem coming restaurant obergreutz chair lift fortify grog ride footpath impassable heavy snowfall stepped line turn soon accepted tarpaulin sheet attendant wrapped skirtwise round hips forward spot chair scoop clanking round swung seizing pole suspended whisked river roofs buildings shut eyes groping bar fasten safely closed front wriggled opened eyes exhaled breath held fool relax told small children travelled qualms accident looked upwards swirling snow blinded person chair ahead stretch imagination scenery admired conditions survival journey ended suddenly impossible landing stage distance clumsily liz unfastened bar seat stiffly platform shuffling tarpaulin skirt alighting passenger
liz continued introductions leaving patrick set capped act summoning waiter commanding drinks elizabeth ski school today jan reproached jan couldn face struggle blizzard took missed triumph jan told solemnly wonderful morning ridden top schneiderhorn falling drag lift ski ed white run ten tumbles deserted elizabeth admire dedication liz jan took bad falls constantly expected break massive limbs laugh hugely rise snow shake enormous bear lumber unsteadily elizabeth adventure drag lift yesterday told company don pair liz jan tall tilts hook alarmingly true jan sadly need partner size riding small elizabeth fixed boottock dutchman excellent english contained highly original examples pronunciation sue thought liz held stage mind jan making rapid progress nursery slopes ride higher class liz jan smiling dance
turning corner blocks school deke pulled curb front row story red brick apartments stepped car began carrying bundles inside short cropped blond hair clear face dotted dozen freckles deke warden looked older boys going coaching tall standing feet inches brawny carrying muscular pounds packed frame jeans shirt sneakers socks looked high school basketball coach college player team american selection winning team illinois university deke playing days coach bloomfield high bulldogs leading teams high school basketball hotbed western illinois thought thrilled deke wanted high school basketball team coach teach shape direct college player deke ingredients size speed shooting ability attract professional teams chased senior dangled glittering contract offers professional career precisely wanted free swinging wild shooting style play going star told start deke gave answer hanging uniform ending playing days graduated illinois playing wanted high school coach wanted
perfect arrangement deke clearly casual encounter chance meeting staged preferable formal deke wanted opportunity size boy wanted bobby haggard chance size coach bulldogs deke want discuss meeting bobby haggard fast rejection deke determined give chance minute break classes guaranteed meeting milling crowds students changing classes provided exactly easy informal circumstances deke wanted re bobby haggard deke falling step yeah bobby glanced deke towering deke saw boy guard expression raised wall automatic reflex born habit bobby wait find speaking going expect going accept saying eyes half grin wanted mistake startled deke felt friendly smile start fade face unpleasant antagonistic response bobby haggard put forward deke warden conscious effort deke held smile place walked hi bobby replied turned face front walked care deke trailed feet inches bobby twelve inches shorter deke height basketball players need success high school level
fans crowd shouting chant bobby bobby deke stood bench watching bulldogs bright green warm suits run patterns dribbling passing shooting end court appleton falcons going paces bright overhead lights gym bathed court whiteness leaving single shadow polished floor gleamed light bleachers corner sight combo bloomfield high band blared fight song broadcast booth high bleachers opposite deke saw herbie foxx leaning microphone herbie mouth working furiously rebirth bloomfield bulldogs basketball power deke imagine words deke turned players court weaving left taking handoffs benjy holman basket laying ball looked smooth confident grasped theory deke style play trouble ten days practice skills execute plays ready winners deke previous night restless series frightening dreams broken periods sleepless tossing bed dream bulldogs defeat score bulldogs lost failed score shot awry pass intercepted players fumbled turn bumped roaring boos angry fans ringing deke ears awoke heart pounding
war ii alive virtually significant population disabled paraplegics spinal cord injuries rarely survived war quarters eighteen hundred casualties spinal cord injuries died battlefields hospitals france ninety percent remainder died return united states rest died eighteen months kidney failure war ii brought modern technology miracle drugs wonder drug penicillin twenty hundred spinal cord injured veterans survived return homes numbers grow twenty thousand survived spinal cord injuries mid nineteen forties veterans administration hospital beginning stir needs physically disabled boys returned home wheelchairs form physical disability ignore special wheelchairs soon built designed wheelchairs wooden noncollapsible couldn transported folded put car traveling going impossible ability travel move disabled part society innovative wooden wheelchair friends friendship fold wheelchair harry jennings sr engineer herbert everest wooden wheelchair herbert everest engineer paralyzed suffered broken cave doctors felt live contrary medical predictions surprised profession surviving
wheelchair basketball set obstacles teams found difficult school gyms school boards cautious wheelchairs mar gym floor task reserve recreation center basketball court type sport heard fewer cared players practiced anyway chance playing basketball part team preserve form competition wheelchair basketball teams traveled hours find basketball team play determination players competitions alive university illinois started experimenting ideas physically disabled tim nugent director student rehabilitation university begun program called division rehabilitation education services goal service organization enable qualified severely disabled permanent physical disability acquire college education disabled hustled institutions secluded private homes seldom chance venture approach program encouraged disabled join society higher education achieve excel program beginning galesburg division university illinois offered physically disabled transportation university medical care physical therapy functional training counseling recreation athletics services blind deaf occupational therapy hundreds disabled students find tim nugent program bring hopes dreams doorstep
fifties exploded breakthroughs affected lives disabled korean war compounded number disabled veterans generation antibiotics discovered lives saved dr howard rusk took wartime experience plans york city build famous rusk institute rehabilitation medicine york university medical center hearings rehabilitation began house representatives rehabilitation centers craig center denver colorado kessler institute west orange jersey sister kenny institute minneapolis minnesota rancho los amigos los california rehabilitation institute chicago illinois magee memorial rehabilitation center philadelphia pennsylvania began spring country social security act amended protect insurance benefits workers disabled nineteen fifties developmental stage history disabled rehabilitation facilities improved expanded basic grant funds fifties brought change wheelchair sports talk national wheelchair sports competition benjamin lipton joseph bulova school watchmaking inquiring wheelchair competitions country veterans counselor va hospital saw wheelchair basketball served hospital administration war ii reserves master degree counseling retired military service rank major early fifties ben lipton joseph bulova school watchmaking director school slogan serve served benefits intended veterans returned disabled war ii
thorny woman full figured beautiful round face round breasts round limbs tall carry poise dignity porcupine quills anger resentment bristled word suggestion intonation barbara prided relationship carla easy affection actually existed decent pretense affection maintained entirely entirely free guilt felt caring son wife sam barbara knew tone voice mother want stop drive wasn thinking driving thinking going face don understand sam simply face mother months boyd died harshly flagellating love want imagine looking watch spoke sam looking watch listening tinkle called telephone precisely carefully subdivided barbara brother joe doctor lived easily forget watch leave bedside sam don whip barbara annoyance don enjoy talk sam sorry mother don reject love preparations pick sighed yes aware childish petulant
motorcycle cop took sam opened bottle champagne group twenty paces car closed window appeared barbara chokingly hot car parked roadside noonday sun barbara move open window turn motor air conditioning thinking driver death summarily dismissed aspect son death comes goes death comes known stranger dies driving school bus glass champagne sam open minded sense black black driver school bus chest stove wheel skull fractured crashed windshield married children insurance barbara weeping boyd black car brought trumpet case took shining instrument put mouth blew fanfares california air champagne embraced harvey lemwax put trumpet case took car say goodbye barbara started stopped saw tears shook head walked car drove sam car threw open door god hot mother choke
moretti watched kimmelman interest vaguely moretti encyclopedic memory odds ends trivia mingled detailed intimate knowledge san francisco politics stretching half century reminder adam benchly run mayor defeated votes dead boyd benchly firm directly war ii benchly dead malignant hatred politics moretti wondered boyd shared needed boyd help al ruddy moretti considered donkey think worst choice object choice mentioned politics moretti boyd art arts quota genius mediocrity boyd plain goddamn fools calls combination charisma charm organizational ability fashioned common sense trouble live land equate politician crook spells attitude moretti language intrigued boyd educated high school college background boyd impression spoke occasion demanded north beach choose words need plead politics boyd lived intend living ruddy began tony moretti cut let explain al boyd don mind calling boyd damn minded ruddy simply shrugged ruddy started speak glance moretti silenced moretti exercising privilege age laid hand boyd arm hear don upset
walker thank fact tall woman forgiven wearing shoes maine trotters plaid skirt white blouse barbara decided transcended social layers forty eighth lot office headquarters rented furnished plan action worked fund raising successful fund raising committee difference media leaflets posters sort trial run rethink determined differently august cool pleasant month bay area barbara decided parts district foot ago driven miss car clearly walking area called palisades knew point dozen fine houses dined danced ago ago houses lay memories places attended sweet sixteen parties houses layered terraces gouged hillside offered splendid view bay present market command prices million dollars pleasant streets shaded live oak massive pines lined houses grand faced bay expensive close cropped lawns beautiful expensive plantings yards call mundane title sporting tennis courts swimming pools
voices called barbara stand thank tell try honest decent job party freddie driving home don feel aunt barbara wash feel sick disgusted reason feel picked seventeen thousand hundred dollars tonight pledge ten thousand guy called lars swenson father sold grandpa ocean queen sort ocean queen barbara heavens think grandfather tall feller forty blond hair going white beautiful red headed gal heard swenson explorers big cruise ships sail beach carol eberhardt skinny looking kid twenty thirty wants volunteer earnest yes met birdie place helped father jim eberhardt top local republicans think republican whip house lot inherited money eberhardts living green street barbara climbed car freddie moment look thought tearing deposit think real handed barbara check peering light street lamp saw check thousand dollars drawn crocker bank signed carol eberhardt
hired moretti recommendations young named mort gilpin fund raiser set fellow beard wore piece suits knowing bay area bit extra money put political campaign week brought twelve thousand dollars told freddie token freddie impressed gilpin told freddie believe girl sound hold freddie told don talk don push talk bring freddie basis gilpin freddie limb bought eleven thirty spots prime local independent tv stations hundred thousand dollars tremendous bargain told barbara independent station reruns picked worthy stuff thames tv london spots frame imported tv shows don hundred thousand dollars barbara worriedly put ten percent nearly cleans coming gilpin fabulous job young party barbara talks fast keeps quoting statistics graphs demographics appears absolutely unaware voters deal living wave future freddie
lavette opened checkbook desk wrote check tore handed gilpin fifty thousand cash took check endorsed call bank turn cashier checks cash need knows money comes don legal don give damn friends damn things find blabbed son sister wife break don dip money honest gilpin word told dipping holds expected lavette offer hand lavette didn move lavette fourth poll election thirteen days showed alexander holt forty percent vote terms polled barbara forty percent fourteen percent undecided midst uproar headquarters freddie answered telephone exchange covered telephone shouted characters shut moment motioned barbara softly believe alexander holt wants talk think going concede freddie don fool want talk yes freddie create quiet give corner picked telephone alex
small black white set storefront carla set table moved rabbit ears reception fairly clear perfect place tuned minutes station break commercial began alexander holt photographed sitting desk american flag wall books barbara guessed commercial law office san francisco wore tweed jacket light shirt striped tie began speak comfortable smile person completely ease friends began stranger live forty eighth congressional district past lady opponent charming persuasive past say child father past father present let tell past barbara lavette nineteen thirty longshore strike directed shipping stepfather barbara lavette neck deep strike side strikers turned france involved spanish civil war side communists lover killed deter miss lavette carry papers communist party france germany returned america set organization purpose ostensibly buy medical supplies spanish franco survivors committee congress investigating subversive activities america reasonably asked gave money support organization refused cited contempt congress
husband looked daggers voice dried thing susan ruddy evening thing opinion question tied side produced deep suppressed giggle barbara left susan plunged host questions felt jail communist courier certainly evening promised interesting course read book loved alison limber deep throaty voice barbara realized tall thin stylish lady things sound content barbara counted book remembered writer limber actually understood writers suppose sit desk write boggles mind yes barbara agreed drawing birdie whispered ear horse ass mac loves milton kellman kissed nell kellman embraced began apologize elapsed milt doctor wife bad luck sick mary lou grinned barbara going say hello open mouth wider goes foot improvement barbara felt lady sense humor sam whispered give chance mom parents neanderthals thousand history easy
kitchen gave percolator shake hurry walked stood open door breathing deeply fragrant early morning air pleasant reverie suddenly broken carmody grumpily kitchen tripped mandy stepped heavily water bowl floor stove mrs carmody grabbed sink sponge began wiping water carmody growled certainly nice morning greeting mrs carmody jordan dear sorry wet matter carmody mournfully matters mean matters asked mrs carmody squeezed sponge carmody sadly pouring pitcher cream shredded wheat biscuit sick asked mrs carmody peering anxiously sick physically sick sick heart mrs carmody buttered toast put plates warm stirred eggs lifted bacon paper towel drain checked color coffee refilled mandy water bowl talking jordan don sense makes sense connie flouncing kitchen feel ashamed die talking mrs carmody ready eggs jordan suppose carmody dolefully
show powder hurt phillip asked mrs carmody fearfully show powder guaranteed harmless mrs wiggle stop showing makes show invisible invisible wailed phillip mother mean won able boy showing mrs wiggle matter factly able stops showing normal focus sure asked phillip mother yes mrs wiggle don worry send phillip school going fine bye don worry mrs carmody worry worried washed breakfast dishes tidied house worried grocery list sorted laundry worried straightening phillip room powder makes phillip disappear goes wrong wont sobbed took apple cores funny books slingshot empty box smith brothers cough drops phillip pillow phillip room messy picking imagining terrible things finally decided send magic show powder powder dangerous sensitive intelligent boy phillip anyway phillip showing clever maybe someday stage front door crashed open loud voice yelled mom
mrs foxglove baking brownies thick chewy chocolatey nutty brownies kind children loved slid pan oven lifted solomon black cat kitchen stool drooling alma gluck canary sat dreary february sky gray snow yard gray slushy cold raw wind swooshing house mrs foxglove hoped children left galoshes school bus remembered put mittens especially worried melody eyes nose red chapped sighed stroked solomon jumped lap pushed floor opened oven door brownies baking beautifully switched bottom pans top shelf top pans bottom shelf closed door put milk heat children cocoa stirring cocoa street heard noise fire siren woo ooooo weeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee noise getting louder closer mrs foxglove sighed opened door cornell oldest boy eleven dashing steps gave mother hug smell brownies zowie harvard stamped snow galoshes hundred spelling mom brownies emmy lotht tooth today chew brownieth
mrs wiggle brown sparkly eyes brown hair keeps knees children comb wears top head knot combing braids wet curls hair hanging jewelled crown flowers top saw digging garden wearing jewelled crown hair billowing waved gaily promised betsy betsy children friends touch hair home school digging mrs wiggle skin goldy brown warm spicy sugar cooky smell comforting children sad clothes brown look crisp pressed dress wears felt hats children poke twist witches pirates hats mind sunday mornings takes hats closet shelf thumps pulls firmly fore aft wears church wears high heels glad let girls borrow shoes mrs wiggle family says husband wiggle pirate buried treasure yard died wag dog lightfoot cat
wash dishes mary lou pretend beautiful princess golden curly hair mary lou hair jet black braided stiff pigtails apple blossom skin forget blue eyes captured wicked witch chance free wash single dish kitchen sparkly clean clock strikes clock strikes witch inspect crumb pots pans put wet silverware thrown drawer sink scrubbed witch power mrs wiggle looked clock jumped ten minutes princess hurry hurry hurry mary lou jumped began carrying tea things sink mrs wiggle whisked dish water mary lou dried mrs wiggle hurried fast put cooky things stop say hark princess hear thump witch big gnarly cane mary lou braids bobbing excitement say hear princess coming closer closer soon kitchen sparkled dishes washed dried put crumb swept floor mary lou curled lightfoot tail neatly legs smoothed wag fur
yes mrs wiggle hubert friends fact building automobile yard orange crates empty tomato cans hubert carpenter hubert mother thought automobiles rubber tires real horns leather seats big boys lights turned switch hubert grandfather wondered want build automobile orange crates tomato cans dicky afternoon certainly hope behaves mrs wiggle fond hubert problem toys let mrs wiggle quiet think thing fashioned won pick toys cure starting don pick hubert toys don bed fact room room messy call mrs wiggle goodbye hung phone hubert mother looking relieved gaily housework baked chocolate cake dinner say word hubert home ten boys trailed upstairs play hubert room morning hubert downstairs breakfast mother noticed pan water color paint stuck hair shirt purple ink printing set shoulder tripped upstairs breakfast quickly shut door room
teenage detective celebrity couldn help feeling tingle excitement chance meeting popular british rock star person lance warrick effect girls group crowned heads winding sensational concert tour united states actually seen bess pavilion george trying spot georgia fayne nicknamed george bess cousin arent glad nancy teased remember george saying party terrible bore nancy missed chance forgiven nancy giggled plump blond friend quivering enthusiasm visting nancy aunt eloise york city girls invited charity garden party women university club aunt belonged party held white columned mansion overlooking blue waters island sound girls enjoyed minute lance warrick terrific added attraction group king nancy inquired don wouldn thrilling meet crowned heads bess gushed wait comes george georgia fayne cousin pretty trim figured girl short dark hair active adventurous boyish nickname suggested lance warrick nancy asked grin
eloise drew lived charming victorian apartment building upper west side manhattan turrets gargoyles crenelated ramparts looked gothic horror movie nancy loved spacious high rooms romantic atmosphere hear put king rock place yesterday aunt joked nancy emerged guest room morning bess george beaten breakfast table tells couple gossipy tongues wagging nancy grinning chums actually olive harwood told hope didn embarrass nancy looked contrite took chair worry dear thought showed splendidly independent spirit seen miss drew put george fayne swooning females ready fling lance warrick feet nancy brush waste bess lamented chance lifetime passes surprised george chuckled poor guy stunned couldn believe girl actually decline thrill dancing glamorous embrace nancy winced bit rude baloney getting arrogant words carrying dance pavilion pretty unusual head turned attention nancy helped slice toast say nice talked later
later nancy finished putting earrings touching lip gloss remembered mrs harwood dear call mrs harwood bess glanced fretfully watch nancy haven want concert late phone don worry call daddy asked george let going england gasps surprise reason try nancy added teasing grin company plane home tomorrow turning aunt teenager asked okay phone aunt eloise course dear excuse clothes shopping afternoon guessed nancy twinkled drews housekeeper answered nancy call river heights nancy hear fun york loads hannah found woks size wanted chinatown shipped store fond exchange nancy father distinguished attorney carson drew line law seminar dad nancy asked stuffy dare say learned things going manhattan rock concert tonight matter fact quick seeing dinner tomorrow daddy nancy told mrs harwood unusual request
girls seated beneath spreading roadside maple tree enjoying picnic supper peaceful spot halfway home town river heights sandy creek attended popular annual carnival bess chuckled thief nancy capture reached deviled egg count help sleuthing dangerous wouldn count dangerous george nancy young sleuth smiled remark moment nancy friends agreed possessed intangible appealing quality forgot nancy pretty distinctive eyes blue hair titian blond expressed opinions firmly force nancy abilities leadership welcome depended group bess george nancy drive sandy creek convertible breath taking whip airplane swings left untried true reputation nancy unearthed adventure attention drawn girl mother carnival crowd looking wistfully part fun nancy friends sensed mother afford admission tickets impulse girls invited rides fallen love honey bright appealing child spite fact looked undernourished dress neat faded honey adorable nancy remarked half
hear ned nickerson bess marvin teasingly asked nancy pretended intent driving hit hit nancy retorted thing hit car won dad shocked sees wreck bringing home trying change subject george chortled look blush tell likes shouldn nancy defended stanchly ned nickerson certainly helped tight spot handsome bess giggled soulful expression big blue eyes looks nancy blue thought nancy broke realized bess deliberately trapped win laughed half mind tell discovered fire george pleaded forgive nancy eager relate observed raybolt grounds wondered chums interpret incident told suspicious gaunt looking stranger run burning house set fire bess declared afraid answer called tramp house shelter george suggested thoughtfully started fire accidentlly lighted cigarette thought nancy admitted fire begun burned slowly remember sound explosion house appeared blaze
nancy spent hours poring diary beginning important discovery bottom page written swedish nancy found tiny ink drawing deduced diagram part electronic machine progress peterson translate book thought nancy verge going bakery bus glance clock told place closed suppertime carson drew arrived home nancy mentioned friend ned nickerson calling evening father drawled teasingly want find convenient course want meet ned bringing ring interest diamond hope dad nancy cried exasperation re bad bess george ned nickerson coming business case lawyer eyes twinkling promise proper embarrass asking young intentions re absolutely hopeless nancy laughed gave father hug ran kitchen ned visit business nancy coaxed hannah bake cake served ice cream later evening mrs gruen smiled knowingly immediately set supper nancy washed dishes hurried upstairs barely change flowered dress high heeled shoes doorbell rang hurried admit ned
couldn ts built orthodox view dinosaurs dynasty flawed creatures orthodoxy suddenly wrong stood looking brontosaurus hall public image dinosaurs tainted extinction hard accept dinosaurs success dead fact ultimate extinction overlook absolutely unsurpassed role dinosaurs played history creatures legs crawled slowly ancient swamps million ago dinosaurs evolutionary wave contrary cartoonists view geological history dinosaurs ancient forms close dinosaurs clearly defined group don grand entrance million beasts emerged primordial swamps land ecosystem woodlands waterways full creatures large small flesh eater vegetarian twilight zone million short geological standards earliest dinosaurs shared terrestrial realm host older clans dinosaurs seized power took large roles land eocsystem filled offices mega predator mega herbivore control land ecosystem complete nondinosaur larger modern turkey walked land age dinosaurs measured success longevity dinosaurs rank number success story history land dinosaurs exercise airtight monopoly large land animals commanding position extraordinary span million
duckbill dinosaurs como benton formation duckbill dynasty began past midway point cretaceous short trip east laramie mountains red bird places duckbill country lance formation later cretaceous mass pale brown river sandstones interbedded chocolate colored mudstones faintly discolored pink oxidized iron nearby lance creek supposedly named cavalry lance carried mounted sioux warriors lance outcrops give turn final terrestrial epoch cretaceous lancian faunal age witnessed adaptive deployment exotic bizarre skulls panoply dinosaurs triceratops scientific etymology horned face case excellent shorthand description formidably armed herbivore reinforced eye socket grew horn size threaten largest tyrannosaurus rex weapons sharp deadly underlying bone covered horny sheath surrounding cores cattle buffalo horns today snout midline horn toothless beak deep powerful ton snapping turtle clothed shiny hornlike substance giving beak growing sharpening edge plant eater triceratops turn branch cutting apparatus beak defensive set nippers strong inflict wounds largest antagonist truculence nippers horns
herpetology study amphibians reptiles derived greek snake herpes learning logos biologists fondness professional nicknames lump members classes herps entire reptile amphibian census called herpetofauna herpes virus current scare venereal epidemiology alleged similarity fever blisters spread crawling snakes herpetofauna today tropics richer species mammalian fauna tropical herps display veritable riot adaptive diversity marine toad south america pound warty predator gulps mice rats ecological function induces farmers transport toad tropics rodent populations plantations marine toads toothless hunters lack dental armament poisonous saliva numbs prey submission big mouthed marine toad sits ambush small mammal trail makes short lunge snap unwary rat moment inside toad mouth anesthetize mammal herps poison popular adapatation defense offense arrow poison frogs american tropics produce potent toxin skin glands species dangerous handle gloves lab instructor undergraduate course yale fondled pretty frog uncrated surinam sick days amazonian hunters dry concentrate arrow poison frog toxins smear cutting edges blowgun darts arrows
como limestone ledge called cam bench named camarasaurus skeleton lies eroding bit bit dinosaur pale gray weatherbeaten fragments slowly disintegrating beneath endless blows sun rain camarasaurus smallish brontosaur neck tail tons alive left decay skeleton complete justify weeks quarrying chip free nonetheless important preserved trail fossil clues stare million ago animal died body tell camarasaurus die question answered provide unique insights lived enemies feared mangled carcass fact help test widely believed theory brontosaurs swamp dwellers sloshing lakes rivers armpits impracticable bulk buoyed tepid waters theory true camarasaurus likely died favorite watery habitat idea tested easily body sank aqueous grave resting type sediment laid lake stream bottoms limestone outcrop bones eroding carcass scattered vertebrae neck shoulder blade thigh bone size fit skeleton bones jumbled top lie close layer bone deep
finally key piece puzzle fell place fossil sunlight form mud cracks lake bottom turned mudflats exposed air mud surface dries contracts cracking mosaic hexagons separated fissures sunny dry climate mud cracks grow depths foot quickly cracks fossilize subsequent flood washes layer sand cracked mudflat filling fissures sediment soil filling fissures texture mudflat fossil mudflat crack filling exposed erosion ancient dried surface faithfully preserves record sunrays millions mud cracks lake bottom limestone proved lake dried repeatedly sun cracks found layers piled top ancient lake bottom sheep creek dinosaurs died shallow lake strange negative clues easily explained shallow lakes subject cycles drying wetness lake beds today tropical africa dry fill exceptional floods small snails live shallow water bigger swimming creatures fish turtles crocodiles obviously explanation peculiarities sheep creek fossils produced unexpected twist theory swamp living brontosaurs brontosaurs die lake bottom water lake float small crocodile let ton dinosaur
spectacular mummies subsequently wyoming lance creek beds alberta skeletons lay sides skin impressions flattened overlying rock bodies producing dimensional appearance wyoming mummies nearly entire bodies preserved lying backs chests expanded gasp breath fore hind feet extended outward agonized pose impressions skin covered carcass sides lifelike dimensional mummies look easily imagine driving dried lake happening carcass victim drought sprawled collapsed belly pointing upward legs contorted unnatural angles contraction sun dried skin contortions death eloquently preserved sand drives home message twenty foot carcass alive full pulsating muscles filling cadaverous torso duckbill dinosaur skulls skeletons entered annals science broad ducklike muzzles suggested vague sort mud grubbing habits hands recently arrived dimensional mummy finally cleaned caused sensation skin impressions continued wrist duckbill fingers conclusion obvious duckbill feet webbed concept aquatic duckbills till ill defined theory crystallized solid scientific fact duckbills webbed feet duckbills swam moment nearly popular scientific account duckbill dinosaurs portrayed paddling lakes rivers exhibits york museum depicted crested duckbills rushing water huge waddling strides caption read escape swamps
obviously intense low cropping premium plant adaptations fast spreading fast growing fast reproduction early angiosperms performed exactly biological functions especially plausible scenario emerges low feeding cretaceous dinosaurs opened initial waves angiosperms conifers cycadeoids non angiosperms adaptive handling assaults cretaceous herbivores plant eaters thinned conifer groves cycadeoid thickets opportunity species flowering plants win foothold habitat created early angiosperms cropped severely neighbors basic adaptations permitted continue growing reproducing face intense mowing action dinosaurs footholds crucial major adaptive revolutions group finds difficult break ecosystem full established groups conifers highly adaptive early cretaceous times conifers begun dinosaur evolved triassic cycadeoids diverse early jurassic epoch angiosperms evolved confronted meadows woodlands forests full lived highly refined plants early angiosperms possessed adaptations potentially revolutionary needed edge opening breaking confines imposed older groups start proliferating species herbivorous dinosaurs gave initial break flowering plants low feeding beaked dinosaurs evolved mutually beneficial kinds cretaceous beak dinosaurs entered system angiosperm families evolved
finally arrived harvard interested gait dinosaurs anatomical footprint evidence vindicated marsh light footed lively postural restorations forelimbs dinosaurs aligned perfectly match stride hind limbs asked fast big dinosaurs twentieth century paleontologists willing concede lively locomotion small ostrich dinosaurs smaller predators big ton species reconstructed slow shufflers large mammals gallop south africa observed ton white rhino bulls full gallop huge feet ground simultaneously mid stride fact rhinos accelerate turn faster horses stretch horse outdistance short winded rhinos big quadupedal dinosaurs quick start clomping high speed charge piece evidence speed dinosaurs extracted angles joints seen side running rhino exhibits greater flexure elbow knee hip shoulder elephant elephants run straight thigh lined shank upper arm lower arm legs look mobile doric columns rhinos run bent stride faster elephants top speeds thirty miles hour rhino twenty elephant rhino owes greater velocity precisely bounce stretching tendons joints feet plant flexing joints provide bounce big mammals gallop jointed
sudden extinction interrupted evolution dinosaur armor end jurassic true stegosaurs died totally rare cretaceous period dawned dinosaur dreadnoughts appeared nodosaurs nodosaurs shared characteristics stegosaurs hips high deltoid muscles strongly developed sideways maneuver nodosaur approach defense massive complete flexible pavement small bony plates armored entire upper surface nodosaurs head neck torso tail plates tail triangles stegosaurs nodosaur species broad based plates topped tall conical spines nodosaur armor plating continuous stegosaurs hip bones expanded immense solid roof protecting upper surface abdomen paleontologists believe nodosaurs defended passively according view massively armored monsters employed carpet plates mobile bomb shelter attack merely hunker cretaceous forest floor legs folded body wait tyrannosaur attack ample reason believe nodosaurs actively dangerous antagonists turn tables attacker nodosaurs dangerous sharp shoulder spikes mounted broad bony bases embedded skin shoulder stood sharply pointed horn cores curved forward outer covering horn shoulder spikes deadly tail spikes stegosaurs stegosaurs nodosaurs strong elbow muscles triceps muscle group perfect quick forward lunges
heard word phreaker date tim mooney tim part cash easily neighborhood movie corny ice cream parlors avenue waiters handlebar moustaches wear red striped barbershop costumes tim saved coupons sundaes menu sundaes named movie stars talked manager giving deluxe clark gable sundaes exchange entire handful coupons slogged clark gable chocolate ice cream tim talked dream owning coin operated computer concession broadway arcade appreciate concept jess let crunch numbers say charge dollar fifteen minutes screen kids knock themes guaranteed letter perfect grammar spelling errors sabotage grade asked smart girl looked interest evening sell papers kids school overhead nil couple disks pin feed paper don forget piece machine crooked reminded coldly joy telecommunications looked eyebrows arched superiority means hooking computer modem communicating phone lines stanwyck modem snapped stanwyck knows phreaking assured phreaking phone freaking equals phreaking means hacking system programming codes getting computer system knowing illegal repeated
oddest sensation stan courting danger happily typing messages didn someday impulsiveness going land deep trouble warned maybe friend saying thing replied turning notebook curling pen thinks honey blond hair green eyes blond hair wailed stanwyck nodded told planning rock singer confuse asked weakly thing perfect download soon online tonight face flushed date live person collection images screen live effort sound question implied lived maximum security don stanwyck answered casually acoustic guitar player hopes cut record soon wild common carry tune basket couldn convince flatworm re rock singer spent past summers london trying pick recording gig played couple club dates dropped school tenth grade stared speechless stanwyck continued dood margin notebook startling handle captain midnight mine archangel want run whispered stanwyck stood stuffed notebook backpack
stanwyck looked alarmed stumbled pothole stared seconds speechless apologize spoke cousin george coming live months member blue ribbon detective panel seattle cousin george aiming neutral tone heard relative help computer equal nypd nora snorted bet fifty dollars close girls immediately wrote stanwyck bet notebook paper insisted sign friend wanted help clearly losing proposition sporting guys stanwyck means potential computer interpret data cops saying computer capabilities bury jess nora snapped say turn glee solve robberies fifty bucks says full dead air mooneys sure depend money talking immediately sorry don hurt avoid tim wring cent friend nora depends money lure nets stanwyck ripped sheet paper notebook sign mousie glad fifty bucks days stanwyck discuss bet sitting baums kitchen mrs baum painting renoir request billingsleys heartbroken lost picnic beach
children sang couldn hear miss gladys loud voice drowned sound roosevelt couldn hear singing anyway stick jerked beat oral reading tap tap tap stick blackboard taps word girls fell giggling miss gladys held stick straight air high worked magic room piney wood thing plain wanted licking figures roosevelt looked sheet page full taking cinch licked stubby pencil answer space wrote nice fat answer began bored fat put curly tail mean didn catch roosevelt knew taking answer miss gladys crazy roosevelt sick tired sick tired taking wanted learn putting school finished taking begun putting liked began feel regular belonged putting special thing purely find school ready learn putting thing taking sighed added curly tails bottom top
truck jerked stop motor coughed driver seat cap jackson called want drink spring edge woods stirred cap let tailgate put ladder roosevelt experimented swallow mouth felt dry clambered stars bright air cold piney smell clean fresh waited turn line front pipe water bubbling starlight pipe looked rusty stoop reach exactly height roosevelt didn bend stand toes turn water cool took big gulp didn taste tasted bad egg sulphur water roosevelt spit mouthful ground shivered climbed truck put sweater sat flat boards motor wheezed truck began move sister matthew woke wiggled roosevelt glad waked felt company talk mamma matthew tell story hush mamma folks want sleep talk softlike begged matthew whisper roosevelt knew coming matthew asked story roosevelt favorite story olden days dog run mamma lean close tell short sleep
roosevelt attic heard place attic asked matthew wouldn ask look ask ask ask roosevelt glad attic living space left gradys big shadowy roof sloped low sides spot papa stand straight spot middle papa tall places attic easily bump head matthew thought course short began limping wall couple steps stop stand tiptoe foot stretch neck till head touched slanty roof say ouch hit roosevelt stop roosevelt started answer saw matthew teasing matthew jokes making couldn stay sore minute cut roof sitting side side triplets baby windows dormer windows folks call papa knew houses mamma brushed cobwebs dust hand panes smeary look bean fields woods county maybe windows cleaner bay look
sue throwing throwing chanting rest sure charm occurred mind glowed neon harm harm harm flashing glowing reassuringly carrie suddenly began howl flailing arms grunting gobbling girls stopped realizing fission explosion finally reached point looking claim surprise let short sheet carrie bed christian youth camp found love letter carrie flash bobby pickett let copy pass hide underpants put snake shoe duck duck carrie tagging stubbornly biking trips known truck face smelling sweaty able catch catching poison ivy urinating bushes finding hey scratch ass bum itch billy preston putting peanut butter hair fell asleep study hall pinches legs outstretched school aisles trip books knocked desk obscene postcard tucked purse carrie church picnic kneeling clumsily pray seam madras skirt splitting zipper sound huge wind breakage carrie missing ball kickball falling face modern dance sophomore chipping tooth running net volleyball wearing stockings run running run showing sweat stains arms blouses chris hargensen called school kelly fruit company downtown asked knew pig poop spelled suddenly critical mass reached
police arrive screams irregular mrs white found bed upstairs investigating officer thomas mearton thought victim assault bed drenched blood butcher knife lay floor saw baby partially wrapped placental membrane mrs white breast apparently cut umbilical cord knife staggers imagination belief advance hypothesis mrs margaret white pregnant understand word entails recent scholars bankson george fielding reasonable case hypothesis concept linked irrevocably mind sin intercourse blocked entirely mind simply refused believe thing happen records letters friend kenosha wisconsin prove conclusively mrs white believed month cancer womanly parts soon join husband heaven miss desjardin led carrie office fifteen minutes later halls mercifully empty classes droned onward closed doors carrie shrieks finally ended continued weep steady regularity desjardin finally napkin cleaned girl wet paper towels gotten plain cotton underpants tried explain commonplace reality menstruation carrie clapped hands ears continued cry morton assistant principal office flash entered billy de henry trennant boys waiting lecture due cutting french goggled chairs
momma didn wolves carnival laughters joke tellers pointers snickerers didn momma say judgement star wormwood scourged scorpions angel sword today jesus coming lamb shepherd crook boulder hand crush laughters snickerers root evil destroy screaming terrible jesus blood righteousness sword arm tried fit defied momma hundred ways tried erase redplague circle drawn left controlled environment small house carlin street walked barker street grammar school bible arm remember stares sudden awful silence gotten knees lunch school cafeteria laughter begun echoed redplague circle blood scrub scrub scrub erased clean gotten knees public place told momma original memory remained fought momma tooth nail christian youth camp earned money taking sewing momma told darkly sin methodists baptists congregationalists sin backsliding forbade carrie swim camp
dress sewing actually pretty dark wine color closest momma allow red sleeves puffed tried mind strictly sewing course wandered overhead light strong harsh yellow small dusty plush sofa course deserted carrie boy sit wall twin shadow crucified jesus beneath momma school called momma laundry home noon carrie watched walk belly trembled momma big woman wore hat lately legs begun swell feet point overflowing shoes wore black cloth coat black fur collar eyes blue magnified rimless bifocals carried large black satchel purse change purse billfold black large king james bible black stamped front gold stack tracts secured rubber band tracts orange smearily printed carrie knew vaguely momma daddy ralph baptists left church convinced baptists antichrist worship place home momma held worship sundays tuesdays fridays called holy days momma minister carrie congregation services lasted hours momma opened door walked stolidly carrie stared short length front hall moment gunfighters shoot
courtship margaret brigham ralph white terminated marriage march april margaret white admitted briefly westover doctors hospital nope wouldn tell wrong harold allison told living adultery hitched going hell god put invisible mark foreheads acted crazy bat henhouse mom tried nice tried find matter hysterical started rave angel sword walk parking lots roadhouses cut wicked left judith allison idea wrong daughter thought margaret miscarriage baby conceived wedlock confirmation shed interesting light character carrie mother hysterical letter mother dated august margaret ralph living sinlessly curse intercourse urged harold judith allison close abode wickedness likewise margaret declares end letter oney sic avoid rain blood ralph mary joseph polute sic flesh issue let divine course calendar tells carrie conceived later girls dressed quietly monday morning period gym class horseplay screaming catcalls surprised miss desjardin slammed open locker room door walked
tommy baseball practice monday afternoon sue kelly fruit company center wait kelly closest thing high school hangout loosely sprawled community chamberlain boast sheriff doyle closed rec center large drug bust run morose fat named hubert kelly dyed hair black complained constantly electronic pacemaker verge electrocuting place combination grocery soda fountain gas station rusted jenny gas pump front hubie bothered change company merged sold beer cheap wine dirty books wide selection obscure cigarettes murads king sano marvel straights soda fountain slab real marble booths kids unlucky friendless place drunk stoned ancient pinball machine tilted ball stuttered lights rack dirty books sue walked saw chris hargensen immediately sitting booths current amour billy nolan looking latest issue popular mechanics magazine rack sue didn rich popular girl chris saw nolan strange traveler greased hair zipper black leather jacket manifold bubbling chevrolet road machine sue chris hailed sue nodded raised hand dislike rose throat paper snake looking chris looking slanted doorway place carrie white crouched hands head predictably found hypocrisy inherent wave nod incomprehensible sickening couldn cut dead
don chris lot friends going going billy nolan mess zooful friends kind career scaring pregnant ladies chris hargensen tied finger heard afraid specific grayle restless gesture specific game bad situation remember stadler game seventy morty nodded passage obscure memory ewen stadler game bruce trevor marginal student fantastic basketball player coach gaines didn trevor going put ewen area tournament ten cut team week ewen win game stadler bobcats regular announced locker inspection uncovered kilo marijuana trevor civics book ewen lost game shot tourney remembered remembered riot interrupted game fourth period led bruce trevor righteously claimed bum rapped resulted hospital admissions stadler coach hit head aid kit kind feeling grayle hunch going rotten apples maybe re psychic morty generally agreed tk phenomenon genetic recessive occurrence opposite disease hemophilia overt males disease called king evil gene recessive female carried harmlessly male offspring bleeders
car screamed rutted stack end road north chamberlain sixty dangerous limb washboard unpaved hardpan low hanging branch lush leaves occasionally scraped roof biscayne fender dented rusted jacked equipped dual glasspack mufflers headlight flickered midnight dark car struck rough bump billy nolan pink fuzz covered wheel jackie talbot henry blake steve deighan garson brothers kenny lou squeezed joints going passing dark lambent eyes rotating cerberus sure henry henry asked urge ole sweet william feed shit kenny garson wrecked power found unutterably funny emitted slipstream high pitched giggles billy words slip grudgingly funeral chris found accidentally henty ran successful independent farms chamberlain area unlike crotchety farmer heart gold staples pastoral literature henty mean cat dirt load shotgun rock salt green apple birdshot prosecuted fellows pilferage friend boys luckless bastard named freddy overlock freddy caught red handed henty henhouse received double dose number bird lord split ole fred spent raving cursing hours belly emergency wing examining room jovial intern picked tiny pellets butt dropped steel pan
put dress morning room bought special brassiere gave breasts proper uplift actually needed left top halves uncovered wearing gave weird dreamy feeling half shame half defiant excitement dress nearly floor length skirt loose waist snug material rich unfamiliar skin cotton wool hang shoes slipped adjusted neckline window maddening ghost image maybe later door swung open soft snick latch carrie turned look mother dressed wearing white sweater holding black pocketbook hand holding daddy ralph bible looked conscious carrie felt straighten stood straight patch early spring sunshine fell window red momma murmured known red carrie dirtypillows looking body book says breasts momma woman dress momma carrie burn incinerator pray forgiveness penance
think fooled mrs bennett discussing things looked sympathetically room heard talking bennett suspected pleading case suggesting alternatives upstairs heard stop door greatest fear single kind word burst tears morning breakfast told bennett colport clearly relieved want burdened summer bennett called martin gorham tad packed suitcase afternoon bennett driven station put train conductor car picked check took ticket colport stop tad nodded train passing beach sandy crescent grown ups sat umbrellas children played water edge swam slowly rolling surf isolated school contact families train passed group father mother young girl turned watched disappeared families colport thing bad find painful thought
high ground working stunted cedars brambles bayberries slope brought salt marsh crossed roughly cut field causeway walked gate town walk rest green fifteen minutes strange reluctance permission knew money turning causeway crossed island beach sat sand dune looking harbor lighthouse thought lighthouse keeper wondering lived lonesome tad tending light lighthouse keepers tad talk sense purpose thought roommate tim going europe summer tim claimed going bore younger sister going care father doctor going weeks clear looking forward playing felt sorry tad tim felt thought tad going spending summer bennetts liked
tad watched dinghies sailed breakwater heading side harbor knew coming town mistake angry asked hugo angry depressed thought getting island feel realized walking familiar streets past grandfather house bring memories painful pleasant seeing friends things feel walked main street green saw picture post cards shop window paused big deal bought cards crossed green post office wrote cards tim bennetts tim easy surprise find hard believe spending summer school letter follows write care martin gorham card bennetts took known result feeling careful merely arrived safely strange colport fine chance write greater detail bought stamps mailed cards left post office glancing watch saw plenty meet hugo ride
paddington stood front door step number thirty windsor gardens sniffed morning air peered gap duffle coat hood brightly coloured scarf wound tightly neck seen face unusually white looking whiskers mixture surprise excitement took sight met eyes overnight change weather mild springlike early january covered thick white blanket snow reached top wellington boots sound disturbed morning air clatter breakfast things kitchen mrs brown mrs bird busy washingup sign wasn row milk bottle tops poking snow step trail footprints postman earlier paddington liked snow gazed view street agreed mrs bird browns housekeeper thing living brown family mrs bird cold snaps couldn remember seeing snow settled deep crisp evenly paddington wasn sort bear waste opportunity moment later closed door side house quickly order investigate matter
expression face leant sill peered ground looked paddington agree mrs bird remarks subject paddington optimistic bear heart clambered window viewed curry bathroom admit things bit mess fact taking things round beginning wish started job place james blowlamp large number tools brown garage floor strewn odd lengths pipe pieces solder saucepans mention length hosepipe brought garden case emergency wasn general clutter caused gloomy expression amount water lay fact considering pipes completely frozen started found hard understand place bathroom wasn kind pool corner washbasin wellington boots beneath leaking pipe hope getting water fill curry hotwater bottle paddington anxious fill bottle curry took head signs stirring direction bedroom loud voice called demanding going times paddington deep grunting noise plumber hard curry voice grown suspicious
ere called anxiously think gasped paddington feeling sure trying follow nose disappearing point direction start driver helped paddington feet began dusting re mistake paddington examined sadly fur moment clean shiny brush covered thick layer dust nasty looking patches oil front worse tight hold suitcase paw completely empty think dropped invitation card drain exclaimed bitterly driver climbed cab mate sympathetically re going quickly happens paddington thanked driver advice hurried road direction imposing looking building large illuminated jar side drew entrance sniffed times definite smell marmalade air mention kinds jam quickened step approached small office side gates uniform standing eyed paddington re taking bears moment sternly try ice cream factory door haven exclaimed paddington hotly giving hard stare
randy drifted room touching books boxing gloves music scores took look closet depressed unnaturally neat shirts hung hangers shoes pairs wall upside sides floor leading independent lives look home mourned randy teach neat boarding school sighed deeply patted isaac departed room leaving door open isaac elder sister mona room shock mona fairly tidy girl room look home couldn fool randy mona actress family real actress winters played young girl part radio program broadcast city station decided school city save travel fro staying melendys beloved friend mrs oliphant independent lady extra bedroom fondness children melendy children randy ruffled dressing table mona decorated organdy party dress ruffle knew look find large turnip shaped inkstain caused end career party dress
randy oliver john doe isaac bursting underbrush scratched brambles stuck burrs sun oliver late anyway sun shining clock top shadow bet insisted randy tearing briars wild clematis point higher hillside randy listen sun bet wouldn shadow separate big mess kinds shadows lot trees randy looked respectfully bet re anyway says oak tulip trees gosh re tall sycamore birch elm pine goodness find hundred thousand trees place oliver turned started slope woods loud woodpeckers jays randy paused thought listen says shadow peak dumb oak tree shadow fall peak elm tree norway spruces shouted oliver house thing stood running galloping woods dogs plunging house funereal solemn stood tall guardian trees
cuffy snatched moments sitting kitchen rocker reading article water color painting reading painted water color wish found soothing read reason soothing finally rocking chair chirped thudded chirped thudded slowly slowly stopped cuffy head rested chair mouth fell open gentle sounds sleep issued mingle peaceful sounds marching clock occasional thumping john doe hind leg scratched personal fleas isaac course upstairs rush armchair scratching cuffy hear randy oliver tiptoed stood looks nice whispered randy peaceful nice saw cuffy asleep beautiful woman oliver seriously meant cuffy elderly stout wore bifocal glasses false teeth spoke caused think beautiful think pocket randy lot things pockets remember whispered oliver stood staring speculatively john doe reluctantly kitchen table slowly pretending tired dog sniffed shoes
summer exclaimed oliver gosh mean re going end thing till summer begun october randy slowly wonder think invented game search understands feel wants give pleasant think groaning house missing glad going guess kind think thought don think cuffy write poetry pretty sure willy couldn wasn things believe rush randy father don planted clues mona written poems suppose handwriting look faked looks sort easy dashed written hurry written grown yes clue oliver anxious scent named jewel named bird mean cat sake threescore ten seventy asleep mean dead heard toads sleep awful offered oliver hopefully dead sure means cemetery think
brought bed grumbling stumbling reluctant nonetheless soon doors chill dim morning riding bicycles wet hoarfrost shadowed road morning till breakfast oliver teeth chattering randy decide sunrise suppose sunset oliver answer rode speaking farmhouse passed silent barns issued tinkle clank roosters crowing don oliver don care band palest light lay east morning star fresh raindrop sparkled sky breeze moved trees shook papery tatters corn shocks brushed spiderweb frost tipped hillside closed low crumbled wall lay forgotten churchyard half overgrown headstones fallen flat lashed earth brambles bindweed slanted sideways leaned tops clear seed goldenrod tassels pods queen anne lace curled nests hummingbirds apple tree root ago leaned wall dropped leaves apples earth growing light oliver randy parting vines brambles reading forgotten ancient names henrietta ponsonby nathaniel ponsonby lucretia vane jared vane octavius elisha vane darius todworthy poor darius todworthy sight
kids randy read list pork chops pounds round steak ground beef heart dogs beef heart don dogs frederick ungenially randy ordering oliver eyes darting shop big pale carcasses meathooks picked chickens lined arks counter glass calendar high wall yes heart stopped calendar fashioned wall clock hexagonal wooden case brass pendulum stepping sedately picture calendar thing believe picture george washington oliver felt definitely omen top clockcase clue waiting found kicked randy ow frederick turned grind round steak pointed calendar george washington whispered noticed randy murmured looking awe oliver wonder sight rich famous oliver interested speculations demanded whisper frederick knew cooperative letting examine clock want indignant oliver decided try win friendliness certainly nice store enthusiastically certainly nice clean
started descend side hill nearly noon whistled dog isaac deserted bored doubt lengthy hickory nut process oliver descended slowly region emerged woodland base hill saw giant stems clue referred small upstart weeds summer attained mighty growth decaying oliver found wilderness pokeweed plants hollow stems taller ten feet tall hung tattered leaves broken berries full ink idea large area covered knew hundreds enormous plants dead fragile forest scary whistled isaac called sound crickets methodical easy breaking hollow brittle stalks pushed forward phoebe called sadly noisy company chickadees flew fright disturbed crickets shiny nimble spiders autumn rush season oliver getting cobwebs mouth anyway began wonder growing tired fighting papery jungle eating cobwebs tired spattered purple juice wilting berry clusters pokeweed poisonous heard stillness inability feet ahead direction seemingly endless grove appeared
oliver heart bucked chest scalp tingled feel hair rising afternoon spooky paper forest lost hours solitude clue talk pockets full gold crowns trees unreal fairytale feeling elderly woman stared part story small thin big gentle eyes wore broad brimmed hat red sweater heavily sagging pockets flowered dress arms stout bundle branches studded wtih red berries afternoon oliver heard trampling crashing weeds thought maybe addison cows lost oliver deeply relieved find witch fairy course thought person began feel free cow lost oliver loster tell re corn hollow lady carthage eldred want live house called story mistake maybe nearer carthage eldred yes course house road joins goes past thanks lot oliver sigh relief kind berries re pretty
frantic need begun leap garden path demented brownie addisons thought crazy saw total bewilderment faces ran farmhouse stormed kitchen mrs addison daphne nymp nym nymph yes oliver nymph turned laurel tree greek mythology remember oliver manners thrown winds whooping house dave dave nest tell demanded dave unreasonably oliver forced launch lame explanations randy cuffy titus interested nest dave stopped short interested oliver implored dave shook head listen brother secret going spoil daphne hold mitch thing ladder won lean branch stretches trunk try table oliver helped locate carry small table high end put chair table box top break neck treasure mine dave balanced wobbly structure reached cut twig nest depended dropped oliver
watch cliffie yelled backseat mother ten plymouth fury re going hit garbage cans late front wheel crashed garbage cans mother screeched stop front aunt ida house told cliffie muttered corner eye amy warren poked nose fence door mother turned grinned couple crummy garbage cans won notice dent cliffie grabbed beat suitcase rope held let mother give peck cheek slid car mother leaned rolled window tomorrow called school kicked stone cliffie don worry remember mother voice loud change underwear grief darted quick look fence amy warren sight amy warren trying drive crazy bad teeth laughed kid united states america amy warren sticking gum sneakers kids school noticed marched driveway halfway garage set suitcase took ball pocket
pete sake aunt ida called late school cliffie swung legs side bed wearing yesterday jeans shirt wondered wearing today aunt ida spot smear spaghetti sauce side shirt yanked padded suitcase untied knotted rope forgotten give mother wash held wrinkled gray shirt hole arm thing didn raise hand school thought pulled head cliffie aunt ida shouted coming shouted give chance ran tongue teeth poked fingers ears clean heard aunt ida clump bottom stairs want case shouted haven weeks elk called mrs elk case anyway grabbed homework clattered stairs suppose mother finds re late school aunt ida going say mother going fit cliffie barreled kitchen slid chair father looked book propped maizie rubber manikin hey cliffie today rotten cliffie looked cover father book bunch bones drawn front cover father studying chiropractor
radcliffe mrs elk asked melissa merrins swiveled busybody head look turned mrs elk loud voice media center don call mrs elk line boys girls cliffie feet trying look mrs elk direction end line homework radcliffe mrs elk cliffie desk pulled social studies book started flip pages mrs elk marched door lines flipped couple pages line hall closed book began put desk looked jumped mrs elk standing hands hips sour look face waiting put homework desk class waiting miss bailey media center waiting half minutes late cliffie dove desk shuffled books minute ago dropped book floor guess books looking mrs elk started flip social studies book homework weeks ago stuck pages looked father house hour reached piece loose leaf book looked page stuff yesterday
bill friends muttered sentence proportion crime imposed judge bender reminded allan father sixth offense ample warnings prison offer opportunity meditate virtues keeping temper sportsmen allan lived turning water allan stared disbelief wished dog fairy waved magic wand dog evidently emerged brush woods allan left saw hundred yards lake dog looked big labrador retriever mixture breed head muzzle slim retriever ancestry infusion collie german shepherd crept coat dull black matted unkempt allan watched retriever rising excitement dog thin ice apparently wholly aware precarious situation walked slowly keeping straight line aggravate perilous position unusual experienced dogs handle dangerous places feet dog left splash bright blood hurt badly hurt intention retrieving wing tipped mallard allan held perfectly breathing unnecessarily loud shout cry disconcert big animal bring disaster ice broke dog water ice lake frozen edges middle nearer dog mallard thinner ice walked
allan glanced undulating uneven blanket snow wind died night snow cold night storm exception counts allan remaining flour prepare bowl flapjack batter put griddle let heat greased poured flapjacks fed dog ate obviously hungry big retriever ate dignified leisurely definitely mongrel stormy courtliness grace set sure healthy tiger kill allan found hoping wonderful hunter allan ate breakfast washed dishes put wool cap jacket stormy looked expectantly crowded door allan hesitated stormy leave clean floor chances stay allan sharply indication heard stormy continued wait anxiously door open allan frowned able teach dog hunt certainly taught manners allan ordered stormy refused lie allan opened door let slip push dog knee puzzled retrievers travel boats refuse lie command endanger boat occupants hunted blinds move ordered lie surely frighten waterfowl range gunners answer stormy dog hunted loved hunt considered obliged obey del crossman
brought cups coffee allan jeff sipped gingerly scalding brew seen big killer dog jeff asked seriously killer dog allan heart sank yeah mongrel darn size horse killer tackled cardsville fellow named zermeich zermeich beaten pick handle look deputy sheriff bill tarbox shot twenty miles north tillotson week ago bill thinks connected sure blood providing alive dog bad loose shoot mistake dog lot labrador chesapeake bigger lab chesapeake saw muzzle slimmer dull black narrow band white upper chest moment allan knew origin slug stormy side tried casual home tramp haven seen eh allan sarcastically sure lives woodpile beat club want wood hopes sank stormy tramp homeless unwanted wanderer hunting instinct powerful hunt turned stayed ordered allan grateful jeff changed subject torrances getting
wasn house sat middle cotton field dried stalks dead cotton plants leaned crazily splotches white sprinkled mute evidence ruined unpicked crop farm buildings trees bushes green grass car narrow dirt lane led road front car stood pile furniture heaped carelessly folks hangin round asked loud voice hidin girl disappeared scuffle heard inside woman door holding baby arms thin pale straight hair rolled knot head eyes soft patient howdy mister reeves dull voice tole papa don girl appearing younger girl moses smoky moved plunder told em miz drummond reeves shore woman re jest puttin vittles basket sir re ready wait reeves give orders girl stepped forward judy mother don say nary word rile mister reeves judy listen faced reckon think set bare feet rickety step stuck tongue overseer company boomed reeves job land pay
papa didn say word silence reeves angry knock began slowly neglected place lost cotton crop stole fertilizer stuff worked crops part bargain lookin feed clothe furnish medicines sick family ruinin cotton crop reckon re reeves papa cold hard voice sayin true twas rain ruint cotton worked fingers bone nothin worse mind wagon wanted bein sharecropper lucky spunk left clear boy puppy dog papa kill joe bob began kick scream steady boy steady papa cryin won bring puppy dog mind wouldn stay longer mind reeves twas told papa goin young uns git education learn figgerin past fourth grade reckon stayed school learnt addin dollars cents looked commissary books seen robbin cheatin fixin couldn git cent cash money ahead debt end goin young uns school workin cotton field pickin cotton papa looked mama smiled
judy stepped obediently hand dirty thought woman wanted wash clean didn turned studied judy palm strong line madame rosie solemnly live woman tall dark hair hard grief sorrow dirt studied girl face look scared rabbit plenty spunk temper hot tongue say things re sorry learn hold tongue think speak trouble carry chip shoulder shake stop suspicious kind looked girl hand line hope beauty book pictures white house set garden picket fence madame rosie let girl hand drop turned shouldn told lines lie dirt poor decent meal true say puttin impossible ideas poor child head turned girl lost tongue don say scared rabbit judy turned high grass stumbling outstretched tent ropes look look strange woman strange things true tears blinded eyes going judy cry hard help cry
eh eh bleated missy trailer stop feed store grain feed goat mama milk let joe bob course let milk judy riding towns past lakes orange groves palm trees pine trees orange trees common judy notice drummonds left alabama turn jalopy wheels cotton field fade farther past feed store joe bob pointing papa pulled gave judy quarter jumped car mounted platform large sacks feed fertilizer piled inside wide open doors hauling sacks small hand trucks judy looked place dusty strong fertilizer smell stared pile feed sacks sacks printed cotton cloth flowered designs pink blue white ground judy tried decide pattern liked whatcher want kid fearful look judy shuddered eye shut eye open hair red teeth inside big mouth overalls white dust eh eh judy hear missy bleating glanced street sidewalk papa knees trying milk goat joe bob hanging rope dear cow chop goat stammered judy looked missy quarter
ladies car shaking heads words floated try give food shelter steady job refuse live unwashed improperly fed drove lady leaned head called cheerfully morning bring clean clothes basket groceries dark mama children inside tent papa returned town awake sitting darkness waiting job asked mama papa plants closed talked trouble citrus packing plant pickin fruit takin care trees colored don think want start workin indoors nice weather told ladies mama ladies story unwelcome visitors puttin picture paper papa mad put stop campin highway git permission botherin heads worse bein ordered place fryin pan fire don mean reckon mama papa lady house live judy wistfully don want ole house papa jalopy break couldn farther joe bob don worry son fix papa
drove moore haven morning road filled cars trucks trailers loaded piled high furniture goin asked mama bean town reckon papa cars lookin jobs beans stopped garage air put tires bean town papa asked shore garage nice face friendly smile round beans east shore lake black muck soil ten twenty feet deep shore grow string beans cabbage garden truck send stuff north yankees eat folks alabama papa clear continent union looks stay laughed git job asked papa shore replied couldn harvest bean crop job cheerful talked papa feel ary place live town inquired want asked house hotel room boarding house tourist cabin town crowded full empty room november grabbed quick fall crops began course growers houses barracks workers live belle glade government put camp white camp osceola call hear re turnin folks hit plumb full papa looked disappointed advise
joe bob mister mulligan finished missy shed look wooden framework tin top sides joe bob proud limping asked mrs harmon hurt nothin boy sat looked leg jest bump cut leg badly swollen cut looked sore joe bob tried walk folks mrs harmon asked mama frightened clinic government camp belle glade outsiders medical help mrs harmon ways need aid asked mama land don asked mrs harmon aid gettin cut washed clean bandaged germs germs asked mama wash judy afraid blood mrs harmon afraid canal water infect thing school school nurse fix hurry school lets school gasped judy nurse school joe bob gracious child won hurt mrs harmon don look scared fix brother leg quick don pay let thing cut deep stitches mean sew demanded judy wide eyed joe bob cora jane began cry lonnie started
met madame rosie suddenly escape madame rosie bought double ice cream cones led tent joe bob cora jane sat pretty scared licking hard cones dripping judy surprised find shyness easy talk madame rosie mrs harmon told fortune didn judy bet beautiful fortune saw dearie madame rosie tell eat breakfast mama workin night bean house judy doggone tard watchin beans glarin light noise machinery sleepy morning don git cook fried bread fried bread asked madame rosie sharply jest flour water judy mix hand throw skillet grease heard fried bread madame rosie asked judy eagerly woman mister mulligan comes judy born killarney ireland showed map born chicago began madame rosie central states judy bring geography show madame rosie interested food geography fed fried bread look persisted thick pancake hard solid bites hard stays judy taste fills
bright red cannas blooming canal judy gathered bunch gave miss norris noticed girls pointing fingers whispering happy bother miss norris told soon arithmetic caught reading fourth grade judy beamed looking gloria pretty gloria soft blond curls clustered round face gloria wore silk dress today party gloria house judy wanted house gloria lived knew nice carpet floor grandma wyatt house school dismissed children hurried judy waited side door joe bob cora jane started home looked gloria graders going gate side school yard arms linked waists gloria sunshine hair middle ia ia called judy called beverly alice betty anne going wait gloria sang judy coming birthday party gloria girls turned heads looked started run street judy stopped overcome didn want running couldn believe refused believe chased girls caught close
paddington stared mrs brown believe ears dropped tooth waste disposal exclaimed shan able put pillow mrs brown peered helplessly gaping hole bottom kitchen sink sorry dear replied leavings cleared breakfast think leave note explaining happened tradition browns household lost tooth left pillow night find replaced sixpence morning paddington looked upset deprived experience try looking cover suggested judy hopefully drain shouldn think jonathan waste disposals jolly grind managed lasting toffee paddington gave yesterday super added hastily caught paddington eye wish half nice bit big couldn finish brown returning vexed question paddington tooth didn jam machine fortnight brown trying strike cheerful note failed miserably paddington gave hard stare tooth born don aunt lucy going say write tell parting shot hurried kitchen disappeared upstairs direction room leaving unhappy group browns
looking round leach surgery decided nicer expected gleaming white spotlessly clean marmalade stain seen wasn mrs bird called furnished chair leach possess fact paddington couch rose air took kinds shapes simply press button paddington impressed head nice warm lamp left paw glass pinkish liquid basin whilst side leach table fixed arm number instruments laid paddington hastily averted gaze settled chair liked despite aching tooth dutifully opened mouth eyed leach interest picked small rod object looked mirror end stick leach gave grunts approval peered paddington mouth tapping teeth end rod times broke song delved deeper deeper bear standing glad paddington sat looking relieved thank leach exclaimed didn hurt bit leach looked slightly aback haven inspection
browns housekeeper pleased paddington found industry didn entirely share mrs brown optimism leaving mrs bird gave nod approval entered room caught sight pile handkerchiefs busy repairing reminds mrs brown goodbye laundry due morning put things front door curry call later pair trousers wants altered mrs bird gave snort shouldn worry meaningly special offer sixpence week repairs laundry mean send washing bad love lost mrs bird browns door neighbour curry reputation meanness seized opportunity advantage latest lasted mrs bird topic conversation bus stop matter seconds front door closed loud bang paddington hurrying downstairs find curry waiting impatiently front step morning bear gruffly put laundry want inches waist continued handing pair grey flannel trousers certainly instructions sheet paper pockets lost lot weight hospital put
paddington won prize blue peter competition brown lowered newspaper stared breakfast table don look surprised henry mrs brown heard morning letter editor congratulating exclaimed jonathan super recipe christmas cake val added judy christmas cake brown looked moment bacon eggs suddenly developed nasty taste hope going try doubt allowed mile mrs brown reassuringly part competition apparently winners invited bake cake television studio christmas hamper jonathan makes cake special prize choice dangerous thing say paddington mrs brown wins living marmalade rest lives val showed ingredients programme weeks ago judy close ups raisins sultanas asked viewers guess pile paddington watching didn dream going cake asked brown interest garden broke mrs bird sternly memories paddington previous attempts cooking fresh mind brown housekeeper intended putting foot early stage proceedings
paddington accustomed things looking black sitting looked unusually black inside black couldn moment faintest chink light relieve gloom commissionaire duty bbc television centre looked window paddington taxi ave appointment sir asked paddington raised hat politely cake announced importantly commissionaire exchanged glances joined wish builders hurry nodding half finished studios nearby hear thing blessed pneumatic drills thought moment young gentleman cake won prize shouted paddington trying heard din counted raisins commissionaire rubbed chin thoughtfully inside taxi appeared littered incredible amount bits pieces driver enormous box labelled blue peter handle care side whilst paddington seat covered bits pieces including number half eaten sandwiches suitcase looked large jar marmalade suddenly face cleared raisins expect wanting gentlemen charge current affairs turned colleague nodded significantly wants bit understanding foreigners explorers overseas collecting wild animals blue peter programme likely
unaware drama going downstairs subject browns discussions sat edge bed stared mournfully round room things bit mess paddington getting mess couldn remember bad early wished thought giving joey cage special clean readiness return television studios thought cleaning cage wouldn upset mrs bird tin metal polish carpet upset metal polish wouldn fetch bowl hot soapy water bathroom accidentally stepped bowl water wouldn knocked vase flowers spend clearing mess flowers thought joey excitement flying room dodging place safety unfortunately thing paddington busy eat marmalade sandwiches suitcase case emergency let eye joey reluctantly shut lid push case bed order avoid temptation stopping snack important task clearing room mrs bird discovered
junior stood doorway barn morning working latest invention family shown slightest interest point put sign secret going inside tried junior shaded eyes august sun scanned yard empty times truck junior knew pap mud collecting rounds monday cans dumpsters picnic areas pap sold cans cents apiece didn supper field barn junior hear sounds hooves dry packed earth sandy boy sister maggie learning trick riding mom going weeks cared mother daughter trick riding team history rodeo certainly didn care invention junior knew family brother vern vern single afternoon wouldn tell junior sighed turned walked slowly empty barn family separated pulled ripe peach dropped ground pit thought sad brought tears eyes brushed leaving dirty streaks cheeks
vern home mile road friend michael house jumping bedsprings michael pulled bedsprings storage shed trampoline vern idea let turn michael sure vern quickly vern bounced times pretending fun leapt springs solid landing dust arms sides thought gymnasts landed perfect routine glanced michael impressed turn vern sat oak tree michael bounced fun tricks vern called michael tried sit bounce success didn bounce tried knee bounce cried ow lumbered springs hurt pulled jeans examine knees let don anymore let shoot bb gun vern quickly target don want yesterday vern reason today felt happily spent rest shooting michael bb gun let ask dad let shoot rifle
fails gasped breath terrible terrible failure began making hand movements reaching single blossom tried swallowing sobs didn single blossom success gasped put hands show tried empty worst gave trying continue put hands face instantly mother arms place junior liked crying arms couldn help today junior cried kissed top head failure re failure wonderful wonderful boy shook head family proud paused hug harder rain kisses top head kisses tight hugs wonderful sweetest kindest lovable boy love don wonderful wonderful boy voice muffled body unspilled sobs formed solid knot pain chest look turned tear streaked face junior want tell wrong
senses senses hear smell taste feel eyes look rock place rock look rock seeing close help shapes colors animals eyes find eyes animal ears hear sounds sounds loud sounds soft sounds hear sound coming point sound sounds help learn animals ears hear find ears animal nose smell things smell things smell bad things smell foods smell nose help learn animals nose smell find nose animal tongue taste foods tastes foods taste skin feel things feel cold things feel warm find things feel hard find things feel soft things feel hard things feel soft things feel rough things feel smooth find things feel rough find things feel smooth feel things touching help learn
kinds plants plants plants big plants small plants shapes plants colors colors plants main parts roots stems leaves boy holding plant find main parts roots plants leaves shapes leaves sizes leaves stems short stems soft hard stems look leaves find leaves look put groups group group alike groups plants need things live plants need soil grow need air water plants need light plants grow indoors need special care child taking care plant plants grow seeds kind plant kind seed plants grow seeds plant kinds seeds give water check happened seeds grow faster plants grow places plants grow soil plants grow water look pictures places plants grow strange places plants growing plants food foods
ago animals lived earth small large ate meat ate plants dinosaurs lived ago find bones ground find dinosaur teeth eggs bones teeth eggs help learn dinosaurs bones think fit bones bones show dinosaurs looked show big dinosaurs dinosaurs dinosaurs walked ground muddy footprints mud mud turned rock footprints left rock footprints look alike look flatten ball clay press hand clay look handprint look friends handprints prints learn prints dinosaurs lived land warm wet part land covered water plants grew land place called swamp earth roads buildings places today dinosaurs live earth today dinosaurs lived land sharp teeth eating meat strong hind legs running short front legs pointed claws front legs largest meat eater jaws strong taller story house
dinosaurs ate plants flat teeth teeth grind food walked legs dinosaur school buses ate plants growing water dinosaur thick skin spiked tail think tail dinosaur horns head large flat bone covered neck think horns animals lived ago fly claws wings ate smaller animals claws animals lived sea flippers help swim shaped fish animals today look put pipe cleaners bend skull spine bend pipe cleaners half twist spine legs cut ribs twist spine bones skeleton tell looking bones later earth changed places dry places cold plants animals died dinosaurs died knows died maybe cold maybe food think happened ice snow covered part earth animals thick fur lived fur helped warm animals large parts earth warm animals lived warm places living today animals today look animals living today left endangered means die dinosaurs
kinds animals live land live water animals move walk crawl fly swim move kinds animals today size age animals young animals produce kind happen chapter learn animals young find young grow change seen chicken eggs times seen turtle eggs eggs grasshopper turtles grasshoppers animals lay eggs animals lay eggs animals eggs eggs produced female animals number eggs produced kind animal birds lay egg birds lay animal toad lays eggs oyster lay million eggs eggs needed form animal look closely frog eggs animal forming egg eggs shell covering covering keeps egg drying protects animal growing inside bird eggs hard shell turtle eggs softer shell leather frog snail eggs jellylike covering animal grown breaks egg called hatching chicken hatches
young animals look parents stages growth stage growth parents look pictures notice frog stage growth adult frog differ young frog picture insects change grow stages growth stages egg larva pupa adult insects change butterflies moths beetles egg stage growth insect eggs laid leaves food insects eat hatch hatching young insect called larva larva stage growth larva hungry larva eating leaf larva stops eating makes covering covering hard insect called pupa pupa stage growth inside covering pupa slowly complete adult insect comes fourth stage growth insect looks adults kind butterfly picture adult moments earlier pupa butterfly resting covering pupa wings dry butterfly fly insects grasshoppers stages growth egg nymph adult hatching young insect called nymph nymph tiny adult
animals bears tigers spend part lives living animals live groups animals kind fish live schools deer live herds birds live flocks schools herds flocks kinds animal populations animal population group kind animal living area kind animal population prairie dog town thousands prairie dogs live single prairie dog town look picture prairie dog prairie dog dog closely related squirrel called dog barking sound prairie dogs live grasslands western part north america look prairie dog town holes look picture page prairie dog town ground prairie dogs live small rooms connected tunnels mound soil hole top tunnel tunnel leads room nest tunnel rooms storing food sleeping rooms called guard room room found top tunnel danger prairie dog move quickly guard room hide prairie dog town small family groups family group adult male adult females young prairie dogs
fish animals live groups group kind fish called school school kind animal population look schools shown schools fish found ponds lakes oceans schools schools tuna fish schools herring millions fish kinds fish swims school fish swim schools young kinds fish live schools lives schools form schools break night fish feed fish salmon leave school mating season fish swim schools reason protection herring type fish protected swimming schools fish school herring swim dangerous signals rest school swim herring safer swimming school swimming swimming schools helps fish find food tuna type fish tuna swimming school chance finding food tuna swims school tuna find food larger area easier single fish ways helpful fish swim schools think swimming school harmful ago cowboys common west cowboys spent rounding cattle
look classification table shows types seed plants cones plants include pine firs hemlocks spruces cedars larches plants called conifers conifers flowering plants seeds reproduce conifers flowering plants ways thing flowering plants produce seeds flowers conifers produce seeds cones seeds flowering plants protected ovary seeds conifers protected scales cone flowering plants broad leaves conifers needle shaped leaves scalelike leaves classify conifers looking needles pines larches needles grow clusters groups larch loses needles autumn pine firs hemlocks flat needles hemlock needles shorter fir needles spruces needles sides cedars scalelike needles look needles white cedar tree eastern hemlock white pine blue spruce identify plant let say identified tree pine tree tell kind pine tree studying cones tree look cones types pine trees cones describe pine cone cone pine cones classification table groups nonseed plants
small plants sunlight need growing plants plants grow plants common jungles orchids spanish moss plants adaptation spanish moss grows places southern united states problems adaptation thing plants need survive water getting water problem plants big problem plants grow deserts creosote bush desert plant chemicals roots chemicals kill plants growing nearby creosote bush water plants cactus plants adaptations help store water roots cactus plants cover large area grow deep ground helps cactus plants water rains cactus plants able store large amounts water stems lose water stems leaves stems covered thick waxy material leaves spines pine trees needles cactus plants lose water spines don cactus plants lose spines autumn maple trees lose leaves compare zebra giraffe zebras giraffes found places zebras giraffes eat plants zebras giraffes thing giraffes longer neck zebras live places eat things zebras giraffes look
kinds things measured measured tall measured amount milk put recipe measured weigh things measure matter matter mass takes space water matter air matter matter picture shows examples matter makes kinds matter answer list list say stone hard ice cold gold yellow apple tastes sweet vinegar tastes sour list things list property matter property describes matter color hardness size shape taste examples properties properties measured measure taste measure size rest chapter learn properties matter measured distance track measured runners race length property matter measured length measured distance metric ruler tape measure tool measuring length centimeter unit measure length symbol centimeter cm centimer small unit measurement pencil cm height cm suppose wanted measure book place ruler book point ruler edge book picture
learned mass property matter picture shows property matter shows matter takes space clothes taking space suitcase volume clothes greater volume suitcase volume object amount space takes picture shows cube unit measuring volume cube cm high cm wide cm thick find volume find cubes fill takes cubes fill shoebox volume box cubes liquids property volume suppose wanted find volume water bottle bottle shaped shoebox measure volume cubes graduate shown picture graduate tool measure volume liquids volume liquid measured units called milliliters symbol milliliter ml milliliter amount volume cube cm cm cm tiny glass box size shape cube hold ml water liquids small bottles measured milliliters picture shows graduate measure volume water bottle mark graduate shows bottle holds ml water
heat energy easily move conductors liquids gases conductors heat move liquids gases heat energy moves liquids gases called convection conduction convection caused movement particles matter unlike conduction convection particles move place help understand convection think room house room radiator room heated radiator look picture air radiator heated air warmer particles air begin move faster particles move farther warm air takes space air dense heated particles cool air move slowly closer warm air cool air dense warm air cool air pushes warm air ceiling warm air cools rises dense sinks cool air heated radiator happens air room heated convection warmed sun cold stayed sunlight warm sun cloud chilly happen drawing sun forms energy light forms energy seen light forms energy travel waves
turn television radio lamp current electricity current electricity produced negative charges move path static electricity path negative charges move called circuit picture shows parts electric circuit source electricity circuit source electricity battery path charges move circuit wire forms path switch opens closes circuit object electricity circuit object light bulb electric circuit charges move battery wire switch move light bulb battery switch closed turned path complete charges move circuit path complete called complete circuit switch open turned path broken movement charges stops path incomplete circuit path incomplete called incomplete circuit electricity dangerous electric wires handled carefully outer covering electric wire cracked peeled shock electric wires pulled stretched moved heat produced electricity moves wires wires plugged outlet heat produced fire fires caused short circuit short circuit happen outer covering wires worn wires touch prevent short circuits worn electric wires
magnet magnet object attracts metals iron steel magnetic force found space magnet space called magnetic field magnetic field seen iron filings sprinkled magnet iron filings form pattern lines lines called lines force lines force show magnetic field looks ends magnet called poles magnetic field strongest poles magnet poles north pole south pole poles equal strength poles north pole magnet attracts south pole magnet south pole magnet attracts north pole magnet north pole magnet repels pushes north pole magnet south pole magnet repels south pole magnet makes magnet magnetic magnets iron particles iron tiny magnets look drawing normal piece iron particles mixed point directions look picture magnetized piece iron particles point direction think magnet piece iron
living things alike ways alike cells cell basic unit living things cells called building blocks plants animals cell living things familiar millions cells cells plants animals compared bricks building unlike bricks cells small seen microscope living things kinds cells cells brain heart cells roots plant leaves stem living things alike living things satisfy needs order stay alive animals plants need food water air plants animals meet needs ways green plants food animals food plants animals closely related green plants animals satisfy needs living things carry processes processes activities living things alive processes carried living things listed chart learned ways living things alike living things differ carry processes living things food eating plants animals green plants eat food
living things need energy carry processes energy food energy food stored energy released living things respiration process living things oxygen release energy food process takes place cells living things cells carry respiration food plants food needed respiration cells change sugar energy refer drawing read steps sugar leaf carried veins leaf stem food carrying tubes stem transport sugar parts stem roots enlarged plant cell drawing shows oxygen entering cell oxygen combines sugar cell oxygen sugar combine energy released energy cell carry processes carbon dioxide water waste products show happens respiration sugar oxygen energy carbon dioxide water process respiration opposite process photosynthesis look chart compare processes energy released plants respiration reproduction reproduction process living things produce living things kind green plants grow flowers flower reproductive part flowering plant flowers main parts drawing shows parts typical flower main parts flower petals stamen pistil role part plays reproduction
seashore seen echinoderms echinoderm spiny skinned invertebrate lives ocean spine sharp pointy structure body echinoderm hard covered spines animals short spines spines pictures show known echinoderms common echinoderm starfish starfish arms center part animal underside arm rows tiny tube feet tube foot hollow structure sucker end echinoderms tube feet picture shows tube feet starfish starfish tube feet pull ocean floor tube feet help starfish food starfish finds clam begins kind tug war clam protects tightly closing shells starfish attaches tube feet shells begins pulling tries pry shells tug war goes starfish wins starfish eats oysters clams gather seafood starfish past tried rid starfish cutting pieces threw pieces ocean solving problems worse starfish pieces grew starfish happen starfish animal unusual ability planarian regenerate regrow body parts missing
living things exist living nonliving things living nonliving things affect surrounds affects living thing called environment living things home environment nonliving things ways living nonliving things affect study living nonliving things affect called ecology scientists study subject called ecologists ecologist study sunlight affects animals forest look picture fish tank living nonliving things living nonliving things tank affect interact fish plants need water survive plants give oxygen goes water fish need oxygen live oxygen water breathe fish give carbon dioxide plants carbon dioxide food fish plants die plants fish die fish tank ecosystem ecosystem group living things nonliving environment ecosystem includes ways living things group interact includes living things interact nonliving environment ecosystem small single fish single plant fishbowl ecosystem large forest desert ocean look picture city park park ecosystem smaller ecosystems
learned sudden major change fire affect size populations sudden affect communities volcano washington erupted volcano mount st helens exploded force force equal million metric tons dynamite picture shows area looked blast shows area months blast millions trees blown plants burned covered layers ash deep scientists believe thousands bear deer animals lost lives living things area survived fire destroyed square kilometers forest trees shrubs grasses plants burned fire animals killed snakes lizards rabbits baby birds animals able escape fire lived animals lived lost food supply habitat communities picture shows major change redwood forest cutting trees wood result clearing trees forest ways forest fire living things lose habitat happens sudden major change destroys community community return kinds living things ecosystem
matter particles small seen powerful microscope scientists indirect evidence learn particles tiny particle called atom atom basic unit matter scientists logical guesses atoms scientists describe atom model atom model describe looks acts model wood clay picture diagram model words describe idea picture shows model airplane model smaller real thing models atoms larger real thing atoms small suppose million smallest atoms stacked top stack thick page book scientists making models atom models show scientists think atom central part called nucleus nucleus atom kinds particles protons neutrons protons neutrons tightly packed nucleus tiny particles called electrons travel nucleus drawing shows model helium atom atom empty space suppose model helium atom nucleus atom size tennis ball electrons space tennis ball model atom football fields
current electricity movement electrons conductor path electrons move called circuit circuit drawing trace path electrons circuit begin dry cell produces energy moves electrons dry cell electrons move conductor wires bulb bulb lights electrons follow path dry cell note dry cell wires bulb connected complete unbroken path electric circuit complete electrons move circuit complete called closed circuit circuit broken electrons move current electricity circuit broken incomplete called open circuit switch open close circuit switch open electrons stop moving circuit broken happens switch closed kinds electric circuits kind series circuit series circuit electrons follow path open switch broken wire stops movement electrons series circuit drawing shows simple series circuit complete circuit tell trace path electrons series circuit start dry cell arrows follow path electrons wires switch switch electrons move wires light bulb find path electrons follow dry cell
major source energy nuclear energy nuclear energy learned atom small particle matter learned nucleus center atom energy stored nucleus atom called nuclear energy energy released ways release energy stored atom common process called fission nuclear fission nucleus atom split releasing energy atom fission uranium atom process release energy stored atom called fusion fusion opposite fission nuclear fusion nuclei atoms combined releasing energy word nuclei means nucleus fission fusion large amounts energy released important nuclear energy today produce electricity fission process produce energy electricity fission takes place special structure called nuclear reactor large amounts heat energy result fission controlled reactor nuclear power plants heat fission change water steam look drawing coal burning power plants steam turn turbine turbine attached generator produces electricity fusion today produce energy scientists learned control amount energy released fusion scientists nuclear test reactor shown help learn control fusion
moving water important source energy produce electricity hydroelectric power plant moving water turns turbines attached generators produce electricity hydroelectric power plants shown pages built part dams rivers falling water flows pipes inside dam water flows turbine blades bottom dam moving blades turn generators number places hydroelectric power plants built limited dams built rivers large land areas flooded destroy places plants animals live energy flowing water spent ocean beach seen water level shore rises falls areas water level rises falls daily movements water level shore called tides tidal energy energy source tidal energy energy rising falling tides produce electricity look drawing dam built narrow opening ocean high low tides water moves openings dam moves openings water flows turbine blades inside dam turbines turn generators tidal power plants today picture shows built river france tidal energy major energy source tidal energy large difference height water low high tides
living nonliving things shown pictures living things tell living nonliving living things carry activities called processes processes distinguish living things nonliving things processes living things grow spring plants grow seeds soil leaves grow trees trees grow size puppy kitten seen pet grow bigger grown nonliving things rocks sand grow living things grow living things respond plants respond sunlight growing flowers open morning close night frog jump try catch car coming step sidewalk trying cross street nonliving things respond ways living things produce living things process called reproduction living things reproduce ways plants produce seeds grow plants plants mushrooms reproduce seedlike parts called spores plants grow directly parent plant strawberry plants grow young animals born alive examples bear cubs deer fawns baby rabbits canada geese lay eggs baby geese hatch young lizards shown picture hatch eggs nonliving things produce finally living things need energy need energy grow respond reproduce
organisms single cell single celled organism called protist microscope needed protists protists live water moist places protists separated groups animallike protists plantlike protists bacteria animallike protists called protozoans protozoans chloroplasts food protozoans classified move search food protozoans amoebas shown move flowing motion cytoplasm constantly moving flowing cytoplasm presses cell membrane place drawings show shape amoeba membrane bulges outward protozoans flow direction bulge flowing syrup eat protists flowing protists surrounded cell protozoans tiny hairlike structures covering cell paramecium picture protist hairs hairs move tiny oars help protist spin water paramecium moves search food protozoans taillike structure end cell protozoans move water whipping taillike structure circular motion euglena protozoan moves euglenas unusual food chloroplasts food group protists plantlike protists plantlike protists cell walls chloroplasts protists food plantlike protists diatoms float ocean
plants adaptations help live cold places adaptations help live hot dry places desert plants cactuses adaptations help survive cactus plants thick stems water stored dry spells stems tough waxy coating prevents water evaporating covered needlelike spines spines prevent animals biting stem water needles evergreen trees cactus spines small surface area lose water spines white hairs plants help reflect sunlight seeds desert plants chemicals seed coat chemicals seeds germinating conditions favorable water dissolve chemicals rain chemicals dissolve seeds germinate seeds germinate young plants die lot rain chemicals seed coat dissolve seeds germinate water soil plants grow survive desert plants roots close soil surface shallow roots adaptation absorbing rainwater close surface water evaporates runs soaks deep soil water absorbed quickly picture shows forest fire destructive ways forest fires helpful seeds jack pine tree held inside cone cones tightly closed hang tree
biome found south taiga fewer conifer trees biome trees needles trees broad leaves deciduous forest biome named broad trees common deciduous trees trees lose leaves deciduous trees lose leaves autumn months winter climate deciduous forest biome moist rain summer snow winter winter cold summer hot seasons deciduous forest biome order survive biome plants animals adapt seasonal deciduous forest layers forest compared large city largest dominant form tall trees forest skyscrapers city kinds large trees forest smaller trees large hotels city beneath flowering bushes rhododendrons hydrangeas beneath larger flowering shrubs kinds smaller plants including ferns finally forest floor thick undergrowth small plants parts city smaller plants ferns plants forest floor compared plants animals live levels forest birds live levels depending nesting feeding habits reasons think animals shown live
term biome land regions water covers earth plants animals live water body water organisms live called aquatic habitat habitat biome type aquatic habitat freshwater habitat ponds lakes streams freshwater habitats kinds plants found water cattails grow water edge roots water lilies anchor bottom leaves flowers float top water plants live water animals live fresh water insects dragonflies mosquitoes frogs toads turtles snakes birds common aquatic habitat marine habitat marine habitat includes water oceans seas water salt water marine habitat huge marine waters cover percent earth kinds fish live marine waters crabs shrimp lobsters live marine waters oceans seas supply food marine waters found shallow water surface reason source food oceans plants carry photosynthesis need sunlight plants sunlight deep water microscopic plants float surface plants belong group organisms called plankton plants kelp types seaweed large plants live surface water animals marine habitat feed producers living things food
compounds formed elements chemically joined compounds alike compounds classified groups according characteristics group compounds called acids acids element hydrogen acids sour taste vinegar lemon juice acids pictures show substances acids acids foods weak acids acids dangerous poisonous strong acids burn skin destroy materials taste substance find acid heard hydrochloric acid chemistry hydrochloric acid dangerous formula hydrochloric acid hcl elements hydrochloric acid acids directly indirectly making products properly amounts acids compounds acids listed table bases group compounds bases elements oxygen hydrogen bases bitter taste strong bases feel slippery pictures show items bases foods bases acids strong bases dangerous poisonous taste touch substance find base household cleaning products ammonia lye strong bases lye drain cleaners lye base sodium hydroxide formula sodium hydroxide naoh elements sodium hydroxide acids bases directly indirectly making products common bases listed table scientists ways tell substance acid base
light travels speed km light travels kinds transparent materials speed change speed direction light change think car moving highway imagine car continues straight smooth road moves speed suppose wheels car slip road soft sandy shoulder car slow pulled sharply driver need turn steering wheel sharply left car move straight ahead drawings illustrate car similar happens light moves kind transparent matter light moves air water speed direction travels change look picture pencil water light waves moving water air change direction pencil look bent bending light waves called refraction want bend refract light lens lens piece glass plastic shaped bend light light travels faster air lens light strikes lens slows bends acts car wheels slipped soft shoulder road drawings show kinds lenses alike lens thicker center edges called convex lens happens light waves travel convex lens
loudness means compare sounds loudness sounds depends mainly amount energy sound waves amount energy shown amplitude height wave greater amplitude greater amount energy wave look drawings wave greater amplitude suppose drum struck hard drum head vibrate greater distance drum struck lightly sound waves produced greater amplitude sound loud sound loudest source amplitude sound wave greatest point sound wave travels source energy wave spreads farther sound wave travels energy sound gradually softer cheering shouting ball game familiar sound energy think takes sound scientists estimate shouting constantly give energy watt light bulb glowing sound cheering shouting ball game compared burning candle candle burning wax rate minute energy sound shouting forms energy candle compared forms energy sound weak happens energy sound wave increased amplitude doubled sound loud person normal hearing amplitude ten times greater order sound loud
electric current material electrons move supply electrons free move source energy push electrons complete pathway circuit material electrons move called conductor materials conductors electrons poor conductors insulators material conductor poor conductor think electrons move electric circuit electrons part circuit added circuit water added pipe hose means conductor material release outer electrons fairly easily metals metals conductors conductor copper aluminum conductor aluminum light weight metal transmitting electricity distances run race run fast straight similarly conductor provide clear path movement electrons particles metals separate drawing copper wire electrons move metals easily look drawing rubber insulator insulators large tangled particles particles allow electrons move material easily stop electrons slow deal insulators wrapped electric wires prevent electrons leaving regular path materials rubber plastic cloth insulators
scientists think amount carbon dioxide gas air increasing believe increase air temperature earth rise carbon dioxide air earth act glass panels greenhouse gas makes percent air sunlight pass air earth blocks heat passing earth space increasing temperature resulting increasing carbon dioxide air called greenhouse effect predict occur air temperature earth increases idea earth air temperature increasing part science science obtaining knowledge nature earth space living things nonliving things part nature scientists study nature obtain knowledge nature making observations experimenting earth science branch science studies earth space star cycle plant animal continents move rocks continents change age earth climate continue today study belongs earth science knowledge earth science ways earth scientists learning predict dangerous natural events earthquakes storms tidal waves knowledge earth structure helps locate minerals energy sources understanding droughts floods lead methods preventing making harmful understanding earth past helpful predicting earth future
earth thought billion machines depend today invented hundred figure shows history earth compressed single notice humans late industrial revolution begins thousandth present according scale technology brought invention televisions jet airplanes helicopters nuclear power computers satellites developed fraction instant technology part everyday cars airplanes allow travel widely satellites let talk thousands miles machines clothing print books assemble cars hard imagine benefits technology technology improve lives disadvantages cars airplanes factories polluting air water earth material resources energy resources quick rate forests cut books magazines cereal boxes earth oil supplies drained cars buses machines human population increases demands earth resources food earth precious resources millions food wouldn looking supermarket united states fed nation farmers producing large amounts food americans farmers
measured change seasons change seasons caused tilt earth axis figure earth axis tilted angle earth revolves sun axis points direction hemisphere lean sun part orbit sun opposite part orbit tilt earth axis affects energy place earth receives sun place receives sun rays directly receives energy place receives rays angle place receives sun rays period receives energy place receives rays short period summer occurs hemisphere hemisphere leans sun shown figure sun rays strike hemisphere directly small angle period winter occurs hemisphere hemisphere leans sun sun rays strike hemisphere large angle short period earth moves orbit sun seasons earth change read changing seasons paragraphs refer figure notice tilt axis earth position orbit determine season noon march sun directly overhead equator pole leans sun sun reaches vernal equinox
stars visible dark clear night easy imagine stars distance earth astronomers shown stars distance figure shows stars constellation cassiopeia stars earth screen left stars night sky notice stars equally distant earth farther stars form pattern direction seen earth stars constellation necessarily region space distances stars figure measured light ly light based speed light km light distance light travels km distances stars measured light distances large distance proxima centauri nearest star solar system km distance ly astronomers stars distance earth piece evidence based property called parallax parallax apparent shift position object viewed places parallax determine distance nearby stars method shown figure position star compared distant stars measured months later position star measured
travel outer space fantasy soviet astronaut named yuri gagarin person orbit earth united states soviet union landed space probes moon venus mars united states pioneer voyager space probes photograph mercury jupiter saturn uranus united states astronauts walked moon repaired satellites space united states soviet union working building permanent orbiting space stations space travel continues amazing television brought pictures homes astronauts walking space walking surface moon space travel mainly enormous expense nasa budget billion money spent space transportation system space shuttle space shuttle shown figure reusable vehicle carry satellites orbit experiments carried space aboard space shuttle critics feel money spent space program put earth defenders space program point benefits brings hundreds satellites orbit earth satellites space program television satellites help live pictures satellites distance phone calls weather satellites send photographs weather patterns forecasters help warn severe storms hurricanes earth resources satellites help find geological formations earth oil
figure shows objects minerals diamond objects called zircons zircons look identical diamond minerals differ greatly zircon worth fraction diamond worth identify minerals diamond zircons order identify specific mineral examine properties crystal type hardness color examples physical properties identify distinguish minerals important remember property correctly identify mineral hardness physical property identifying minerals hardness resistance mineral shows scratched ten common minerals references hardness test arranged number scale order hardness number scale determining hardness minerals called mohs scale hardness reference minerals mohs scale number notice mohs scale talc softest mineral number talc scratched mineral diamond hardest mineral number diamond scratches minerals hardness unknown mineral found learning minerals scale scratch minerals scratch gypsum scratches talc scratch calcite gypsum harder talc softer calcite talc hardness calcite hardness gypsum hardness
oil gas valuable minerals natural resources sought learned minerals found ores suppose important mineral deposit found ground mining company want deposit ground want form mineral minerologists answer questions experts forms minerals found minerologists samples mineral deposits laboratories chemical physical tests analyze samples minerologists private industry government college degree receive advanced degrees interested minerology courses earth science chemistry physical science math solar energy systems growing build repair service systems called solar energy technicians travel places solar energy systems outdoors solar energy technician install piping solar collector solar heater roof works private company job requires ability hands diploma high school trade school college job training interested solar technician benefit taking courses shop mechanical drawing meteorology ideas important science scientists contributions building ideas dr tuzo wilson canadian geophysicist important contributions geology adapting wegener theory continental drift modern geology
forces environment mechanical weathering temperature account mechanical weathering temperature change night severe rocks break forest fires volcanic areas hot springs heat rock higher usual temperatures surface layer rock expand left break sheet heat forest fires intense rocks split kind temperature change mechanical weathering rocks earth surface lot pressure rock buried finally exposed surface pressure happens outer layers rock expand peel peeling slablike sheets rock called exfoliation granite rock sensitive kind mechanical weathering liberty cap yosemite national park shown figure notice granite peeled leaving dome shaped rock similar event occur mine rock dug pressure reduced underlying layers layers expand quickly spring walls mine shaft filled flying rocks injure miners damage equipment freezing action water acts important agent mechanical weathering rain water seeps cracks crevices rock water freezes expands percent expansion creates pressure rock water thaws contracts pressure reduced water cracks rocks expands contracts pressure rocks increases decreases eventually pieces rock break
young scientist named alfred wegener proposed theory explain similarities continents theory called theory continental drift theory continental drift states continents broken moved present positions scientists wegener saw jigsaw fit south america africa wegener compared facing sections continents found types rocks coasts matched found mountain range south america linked similar mountain range africa wegener theory explain climate earth antarctica cold climate warm climate scientists remains tropical plants animals found antarctica wegener explained antarctica closer equator drifted south pole result colder climate wegener theory explain tropical climate existed north america evidence theory wegener pointed similar fossils found continents fossils remains past fossils plant glossopteris shown figure found india australia fossils small reptile called lystrosaurus found south america africa unlikely plants animals crossed oceans continents scientists proposed theory explain similar fossils found continents continents connected land bridges bridges enabled plant animal move continents
half million ago primitive peoples assumed psychological problems caused presence evil spirits allow spirits escape operation called trephining performed trephining consisted chipping skull crude stone instruments hole cut bone archeologists found skulls signs healing opening assume patients survived cure famous greek physician hippocrates thought personality temperaments sanguine cheerful active melancholic sad choleric angry aggressive phlegmatic calm passive temperaments influenced presence humors fluids body instance sanguine person thought blood according philosopher descartes nerves hollow tubes animal spirits conducted impulses water transmitted tube put finger close fire heat transmitted spirits tube directly brain scientific explanations sound farfetched represented advanced thinking regarding called psychology era knowing modern psychology clear understanding behavior advanced tremendously earlier views formulated advances occurred recently sciences psychology newcomers block roots traced ancient greeks romans philosophers argued hundred sorts questions psychologists grapple today formal beginning psychology generally set
psychologists establish effect relationships research carrying experiment formal experiment relationship factors investigated deliberately producing change factor observing effect change factors change deliberately produced called experimental manipulation factors changed called variables behaviors events capable change steps carrying experiment process typically begins development hypotheses experiment test recall hypothesis derived latane darley test theory helping behavior witness emergency situation likely help victim trace developed experiment test hypothesis step operationalize hypothesis translating actual procedures experiment operationalizing hypothesis required latane darley account fundamental principle experimental research mentioned earlier manipulation variable order observe effects manipulation variable manipulation viewed isolation effect relationship established effects manipulation compared effects manipulation manipulation experimental research requires groups compared group receive special treatment manipulation implemented experimenter group receives treatment treatment group receiving treatment called treatment group group called control group
heart transplants routine organs replaced regular basis possibility reality brain transplant sounds science fiction movie researchers taking tentative steps making eerie prospect true scientists successfully performed essential step brain transplant process white removed brain chimpanzee alive twenty hours supplying oxygen essential nutrients researchers found preliminary evidence small parts brain damaged accident disease replaced research conducted sweden patients parkinson disease suggests introduction undamaged tissue impaired areas patient brain help repair damaged brain cells sullivan investigators took cells adrenal gland kidney parkinson patient inserted area brain damaged hoping stimulate dopamine production adrenal gland produces dopamine researchers reasoned alleviate symptoms parkinson hypothesis supported patient regained degree muscular control previously lost parkinson promising raising possibility damaged areas brain someday repaired introduction compatible healthy cells ultimate possibility actual brain transplant raises set psychological ethical issues transplants organs issue concerns distinction mind body ancient philosophical question pribram assume mind separate body mind charge recipient body donor recipient
demonstrate analyze classical conditioning pavlov ran series experiments pavlov attached tube salivary gland dog allowing measure precisely amount salivation occurred sounded tuning fork seconds later presented dog meat powder pairing carefully planned exactly amount elapsed presentation sound meat occurred repeatedly dog salivate meat powder presented soon began salivate sound tuning fork fact pavlov stopped presenting meat powder dog salivated hearing sound dog classically conditioned salivate tone figure basic processes classical conditioning underlying pavlov discovery straightforward terminology chose technical ring consider diagram figure prior conditioning unrelated stimuli sound tuning fork meat powder sound tuning fork leads salivation irrelevant response perking ears startle reaction sound case called neutral stimulus effect response interest meat powder biological makeup dog naturally leads salivation response interested conditioning meat powder considered unconditioned stimulus ucs food dog mouth automatically salivation occur response meat powder produces called unconditioned response ucr response previous learning
transfer material short term memory proceeds largely basis rehearsal rehearsal merely repetition information entered short term memory rehearsal accomplishes things information repeated alive short term memory importantly rehearsal material transferred term memory transfer short term memory depend largely kind rehearsal carried material simply repeated telephone number rush phone book telephone current short term memory necessarily term memory soon stop dialing number likely replaced information completely forgotten hand information short term memory rehearsed process called elaborative rehearsal considerably likely transferred term memory craik lockhart elaborative rehearsal occurs material considered organized fashion organization include expanding information fit logical framework linking memory turning image transforming list vegetables purchased store woven memory items prepare elaborate salad linked items bought earlier shopping trip thought terms image farm rows item organizational strategies called mnemonics recall information vastly improved higbee kunihira
casual observer harold appears brilliant golfer learned game perfectly shots flawless accompanying course bound notice startling incongruities immediately able size situation hit ball exactly remember ball landed end hole forgets score blakeslee cl harold suffers disease illness includes severe memory problems symptoms condition personally tragic help researchers answer important questions biological bases memory focuses enormous strides decade understanding processes memory according daniel schacter scientist memory disorders unit university toronto harold condition evidence theory suggesting memory contrast stage model discussed earlier distinct systems located area brain system concerned declarative knowledge concerns facts names faces dates system relates procedural knowledge skills habits riding bike hitting golf ball harold deficits primarily area brain concerning declarative knowledge declarative knowledge consciously brought mind procedural knowledge recalled concrete sense able throw basketball hoop skill stored memory unable describe process procedural knowledge
suppose dark street eve noticed shady figure side street assume reacting fear begins laugh act gleeful reactions individual sufficient lay fears rest fact decide fear spirit evening beginning feel happiness glee according explanation focuses role cognition singer theory emotion happen final approach explaining emotions emphasizes notion identify emotion experiencing observing environment comparing schacter singer classic experiment found evidence hypothesis indicating label emotional experiences due large part situation find study subjects told receive vitamin injection drug called suproxin reality epinephrine drug increase physiological arousal including higher heart respiration rates reddening face responses typically occur part strong emotional responses group subjects informed actual effects drug dark subjects groups individually situation confederate experimenter acted ways condition acted angry hostile complaining refuse answer personal questions questionnaire experimenter asked complete
st louis missouri unlikely place thought sex capital confines st louis clinic housing husband wife team william masters virginia johnson effective forms treatment sexual problems carried pioneering sex researchers masters johnson describe phases sexual excitation women clinic mecca stubborn sexual problems escape remedy program couples treated male female therapist team week period masters johnson physical examination couple undergo therapy consists education training basic principles learning theory aim change sexual behavior technique important reduction anxiety days couples explicitly told avoid sexual intercourse sexual act causing problem reduces anxiety performing properly history significant events individuals pasts brought open important goal open shared communication partners couple openly discuss sexual beliefs values step therapy specific instruction sexual techniques basics sex organ biology reviewed couple told process called sensate focus attention directed intercourse behaviors feel pleasurable partner caressing neck massaging sexual intercourse forbidden therapist sensate focus exercises importance allowing couple experience sexuality relaxed non performance oriented manner
issue hypnosis represents consciousness qualitatively normal waking consciousness controversial psychologists ernest hilgard argued convincingly hypnosis represent consciousness differs significantly states contends behavioral characteristics clearly differentiate hypnosis states including visual memories early childhood lack initiative ability accept uncritically suggestions clearly contradict reality recent research found electrical activity brain hypnosis supporting position hypnotic states represent consciousness normal waking guzelier al theorists reject notion hypnosis represents altered consciousness argue altered brain wave patterns sufficient demonstrate hypnotic trance qualitatively normal waking consciousness specific physiological occur person trance researchers shown merely pretending hypnotized show behaviors nearly identical truly hypnotized individuals suggesting qualitatively special hypnotic trance barber orne evans jury remains hypnosis represents consciousness truly unique hand hypnosis applied number important areas discuss psychology box represents therapeutic tool traditional practitioners ancient eastern religion zen buddhism want achieve greater spiritual insight turn technique centuries alter consciousness technique called meditation
describe structure personality freud developed comprehensive theory personality consisted separate interacting parts id ego superego freud describes parts concrete terms important realize actual physical structures found part brain represent parts general model personality describes interaction processes forces personality motivate behavior id ego superego represented figuratively figure freud suggested depicted diagram shows components personality related conscious unconscious personality consist primitive instinctual cravings longings need component id id raw unorganized inherited part personality sole purpose reduce tension created primary drives related hunger sex aggression irrational impulses id operates according pleasure principle goal reduction tension maximization satisfaction unfortunately id luckily society reality prevents demands pleasure principle fulfilled cases produces constraints eat hungry sexual drives discharged place partner willing account fact freud suggested part personality called ego ego buffer id realities objective contrast pleasure seeking nature id ego operates according reality principle
major consequence patient physician difficulties lack compliance medical advice problem surveys show percent patients follow physician advice prescribed medicine gatchel baum noncompliance forms failing show scheduled appointments diets giving smoking discontinuing medication treatment failing prescribed medicine compliance medical advice linked degree satisfaction patients physicians patients satisfied physicians view friendly interested care apt comply advice patients reporting lower level satisfaction physicians korsch negrets compliance physician advice guarantee patient medical problems optimize possibility patient condition improve physicians produce greater compliance part patients answering question consider findings discussed relate compliance fact physicians successful bringing patient compliance perceived friendly likeable interested patients likely patients comfortable physicians able process information completely stress operating physician perceived aloof unpleasant comply readily physician advice reasonable assume patients view physicians positively feel enhanced sense control care
nuclear power plant mile island pennsylvania malfunctioned presented unique set circumstances residents living nearby discussed chapter book accident attracted worldwide attention brought plant brink dreaded meltdown kind occurred soviet power plant chernobyl large quantities nuclear material released atmosphere provoked series ongoing questions exposed constant radiation late situation residents move area happening plant clear answers questions difficult impossible obtain plant remained constant threat nearby residents situation presented opportunity study term effects stress researcher andrew baum colleagues embarked ongoing research program effects stress resulting technological advances study assessed emotional behavioral physiological effects term stress mile island baum gatchel schaefer experiment conducted half nuclear accident compared residents living close damaged mile island plant control group living close undamaged nuclear plant group living distant plant group living traditional nonnuclear coal fired power plant results showed number stress related behaviors unique group living close mile island plant nearby residents reported suffering significantly greater number symptoms emotional distress including higher rate anxiety
patricia alford reports health claims processor equitable assurance company york knows exactly hours sit front computer terminal fifteen minute breaks hour lunch ms alford tied terminal making workday filled tedium loneliness stress fact paid week salary depends claims processes pay standards complicated pay vary week giving surprise week opens pay envelope closely scrutinized supervisors stops working immediately comes asks york times march mention computer terminal patricia alford job description reminiscent view charles dickens novels view sole goal productive order employer earn maximum amount money job satisfaction considered important lead higher productivity organizational industrial psychologists hand suggested plays fundamental role lives satisfying taking perspective investigated factors impact job satisfaction major influences satisfied jobs nature organization company policies procedures perceived fair administered bias workers tend feel greater satisfaction jobs
asked produce map hometown draw unlikely determine scale carefully fill road byway according scale draw buildings landmarks critical bridge center town town hall school supermarket features meaning activities movement patterns area map ultimately produce called cognitive map tells deal prior experience interact environment environmental psychologist cognitive map mental representation spatial information learned stored understanding person physical environment stea similar respects cognitive maps rats maze discussed chapter cognitive maps context environmental psychology provide means determining psychological organization person environment revealing meaning objects environment relates actual organization area produce cognitive maps areas partly maps allow means organizing confusing overstimulating environment limitations perception discussed chapter soon overwhelmed complexity urban environments paid attention detail suburban rural environments elements difficult fully accurately comprehend cognitive maps drawn residents idaho falls idaho town depicted figure
minutes takeoff plane taxied runway gradually increasing speed engine noise increased sound approaching roar lifted ground vicinity airport forced raise voices order heard din conversations simply halted sound level decreased unfortunate students elementary schools located beneath flight paths surrounding los international airport event took place times peak sound levels reached high decibels takeoff sound loud hears standing feet jackhammer level hearing damage exposure hours environmental psychologist sheldon cohen university oregon circumstances represented natural laboratory examine effects term exposure important environmental factor noise dubbed los noise project colleagues extensively monitored fourth grade children educated noisy environment compared groups quiet schools similar cohen krantz evans stokols results project clear children noisy schools higher blood pressure readings likely fail puzzle task experiments devised longer enrolled noisy schools worse children exposed aircraft noise periods easily distracted noise experimental task quieter schools sum noise significant detrimental effect students performance
re going ways chances problems worry topics interest psychologists weigh studies motivation psychologists found differences overweight normal weight led programs helped shed pounds maybe sleep problem sleep ten hours night worry abnormal pattern trouble falling asleep wonder ways solve insomnia overwhelmed schoolwork remember studies memory psychologists number findings help remember major problem revolve love affair mysterious realm psychologists delved insights help understand personal relationships book read psychological study issues practical implications research theories read relevant essense field study psychologists study human brain learn brain study learn find learn study influences human intelligence discover affected development intelligence field study personal relevance psychology
brain obvious component human nervous system nervous system comprises main divisions central nervous system cns peripheral nervous system pns systems shown figure central nervous system consists spinal cord brain spinal cord bundle nerves located hollow spaces vertebrae bones backbone human brain spongy organ weighs tiny fraction total body weight pounds adult specialized structures brain stem pons medulla oblongata midbrain cerebellum means brain cerebrum forebrain thalamus hypothalamus limbic system cerebral cortex structures peripheral nervous system kinds nerves sensory nerves transmit information body organs skin muscles brain motor nerves transmit information brain muscles glands body motor nerves part somatic autonomic nervous system detail specific functions elements nervous system let look basic mechanisms underlying system works human nervous system billions cells basic kinds neurons nerve cells vital job receiving sending information parts body neurons supported protected ways glial cells glia
woke morning single moment actively taking enormous amount information senses dark opened eyes walked bathroom pitch darkness making easily couldn thing simply knowing body moving familiar space turning light looked clock possibly able tell music radio alarm sounds activity bedroom door bare feet hit floor felt comfortable plush thick carpeting icy cold shock stone tile awakened seductive aroma freshly brewed coffee sizzling bacon going breakfast brushed teeth favorite flavor toothpaste preceding familiar morning experiences barely begin scratch richly textured surface vital role senses play lives birth death senses constantly bombarded stimulus bringing information presenting decisions perceive stimuli behave response chapter look sensory information basic operation sensory organs complex ways experience shapes perceptions let define terms stimulus form energy respond light waves sound waves pressure skin sense physiological pathway responding specific kind energy sensation feeling response information comes sensory organs perception brain organizes feelings sense recognition objects comes combination sensations memory previous sensory experiences
hallucinogens psychedelics affect consciousness ways influence perceptions thoughts emotions making normal waking space expand contract delusions logical judgment suspended imaginary visual auditory tactile sensations characterize hallucinations show users feel chills nausea tremors palpitations heart memory plays strange tricks bringing buried images vivid consciousness unexpected ways combination unfamiliar feelings lead euphoria panic frightening aftermath lsd flashback occurs taking drug bad trip recur eighteen months later troubling dangerous emotions lsd lysergic acid diethylamide synthesized laboratory psychoactive properties discovered psychotherapy treating drug alcohol addiction mental disorders relieve pain terminal cancer patients attracted seeking creative spiritual visions congress restricted experimental drug black market stepped making lsd easily street lsd affecting production chemical brain transmitter serotonin rapidly absorbed bloodstream disseminated body experiments monkeys shown percent concentrates brain pituitary pineal glands hypothalamus limbic system auditory visual reflex regions snyder reivich impair memory attention span ability think abstractly bring organic brain damage heavy users damage chromosomes
think writer block tragic condition afflicting successful novelist playwright suddenly put words paper inability write afflicts fields amount professional writing kinds writing essential academic success undergraduate students write term papers graduate students write dissertations professors write scholarly journals administrators write reports inability write doom career failure encouraging learn writing problems respond operant learning principles robert boice developed program custom tailored help academicians writing complaints let step program help overcome difficulty writing need find writing re producing week period need record amount writing re written typed pages conditions write amount devote writing location don count note taking thinking writing actual putting words paper weeks give rewards basis amount writing pages important set realistic goals expecting doom program failure boice investigations habits professional writers regularly scheduled writing periods run productive kind writing binges dry spells break momentum rewards simple taking daily shower reading newspaper watching tv phoning friend
memory works basic steps perceive hear aware sense memory put finally able find perception step process involuntary hear makes impression involve deliberate effort pay close attention information perception keener step requires encode want remember encoding process classifying information need information ready storage organizing meaningful coding letters alphabet words coding words sentences coding sentences ideas encode material sound meaning encoded information remembered store material stays memory final crucial step sequence retrieval getting remembered information storage thoroughness prepare information memory store determines efficiency retrieve popular explanations processes occur storage transfer model memory proposed richard atkinson richard shiffrin levels processing model fergus craik robert lockhart according explanation memory works types memory material comes senses eyes ears nose sensory memory sm
einstein discovery theory relativity newton law gravity shakespeare playwriting picasso painting henry ford establishment assembly line production government creation social security system examples creativity ability things unusual light problems realize exist unusual effective solutions creativity exalted topic problem solving hayes fact reasonable think creativity terms solutions problems poet writing sonnet solving problem scientist seeking alloy musician composing symphony sculptor chiseling form block marble social planner able bail social security system present financial problems relationship creativity problem solving famous dot problem look figure solution reasonable amount look figure solutions standard intelligence tests measure guilford calls convergent thinking ability single correct answer hard measure divergent thinking ability unusual answers problem creative researchers devised tests ask questions list think brick words think start end suppose humans eyes heads front list consequences implications think
eat place regular times help cut snacking limiting number places times associations eating suggest eat eat slowly helps pleasure amount food helps fool thinking re eating actually body give feedback don re eating reading watching television helps eating main event concentrate food responsive body internal cues avoids establishing habits movies eat popcorn reduce availability fattening foods resist chocolate chip cookies peanuts high calorie food don bring home throw freeze leftovers immediately won tempted eat buy nuts buy shells expend effort eat eat allow variety diet deprive foods love binge chance incorporate small serving cake ice cream high calorie treat menu plan avoiding completely animals eat food faced large variety limit meals basic dishes wide choice avoid fatty rich tasting foods re dietetic foods look smell taste rich fatty re stimulate appetite
matina horner president radcliffe college tackle question scientifically asked male female students write stories based themes success found stories women wrote woman success emphasized negative consequences success bring unpopularity loneliness guilt women wrote stories male success emphasized positive advantages based responses shown box horner suggested women fear success keeps achieving subsequent researchers conclusions including fact males experience fear success women tresmer today psychologists treat horner findings skepticism zuckerman wheeler studies confirmed basic premise women early trouble reconciling found freedom achieve traditional expectations role women society stephan rosenfield stephan kruegar women feel ambivalent achievement compete costs achievement considerable evidence women don compete think task involves masculine skills deaux white farris women refuse compete irrational fear realistic assessment negative side effects accrue successful women society women career success resulted conflicts personal cultural stereotypes diminish attitudes change negative consequences longer follow woman achievement capable women able seek embrace success enthusiastically
interesting research infant vision measures aspects infant thought area visual preference baby spends looking item conclude tell difference reason likes robert fantz designed special apparatus infants lie look visual stimuli differ color complexity pattern dimensionality familiarity measuring length item reflected baby cornea observer tell baby likes look babies prefer curved lines straight color black white complex patterns simple dimensional flat pictures faces nonfaces sights familiar fantz fantz nevis fantz fagan miranda determine infant capabilities phenomenon habituation babies stop responding stimulus gotten babies learn chapter learned newborns distinguish distinct smells prefer sweet taste macfarlane month tell difference sounds close pah bah eimas siqueland einar jusczyk vigorito research foregoing enter competent creatures ready interact objects competence domain physical affects development cognitive psychosocial realms physical growth development motor skills walking running strongly influenced hereditary blueprints maturation
makes child burst tears frustration finish jigsaw puzzle shrug walk sit hours finishes makes child independent clinger ready hit slightest provocation loathe fight answer seen lies basic temperament children born important influence behavorial styles early emotional environment re treated parents psychologist diana baumrind set discover relationships styles child rearing social competence children reviewed research literature conducted studies ninety families nursery school children combination interviews standardized testing observations school home identified categories parenting styles linked children behavior baumrind baumrind black authoritative parents exert firm control explain stands encourage children express opinions feel confident ability guide children respecting children interests opinions unique personalities combine firm control encouragement love children re expected perform fulfill commitments carry duties family re meeting expectations worth risking parental displeasure pursue goal thrive parents reasonable expectations realistic standards controlled assertive exploratory content authoritarian parents unquestioning obedience punish children forcefully conforming set fairly absolute standards re fairly detached controlling distant children tend discontented withdrawn distrustful
number studies shown elderly improve intellectual performance crovitz meichenbaum elderly problem solvers trained break processes solving problem separate components organizing information coming alternative solutions simple techniques talking silently loud learn habit asking questions re handling task hand practical techniques jog memories special efforts stay intellectually active stimulating set priorities reserving energies tasks consider important simple techniques applicable testing situation real psychologists hebb skinner point decline intellectual abilities attributed age precursor death shortly death experience terminal drop sudden drop intellectual performance riegel riegel botwinick west storandt affects ages higher death rates elderly account association age age constitute normal stage development experience growth crisis society devoted preventing elderly experiencing positively dismiss ideas outdated irrelevant valuing wisdom gained experience links past force retirement eager able accept illness depression inevitable baggage age stereotype elderly countless ways treat according mistaken ideas create fulfilling prophecies
re likely influenced experts topic re talking shown trustworthy arguing point view personally gain trying deliberately win similar black junior high school students likely cleaner teeth hearing taped message proper dental care black dentist white dentist dembroski lasater ramirez sleeper effect highly credible source impact immediately delivering message greater believability dissipates weeks forget heard message kelman hovland trivial matters preceding considerations unimportant identify find person attractive woman beauty strong impact audience opinion topics irrelevant looks mills aronson wonder attractive young women look billboards magazine ads tv screens messages appeal reasonableness emotions sided present sides question differ ways makes approach situations nature topic discussed intelligence esteem audience message heard appeals emotions effective appeals sense logic persuasive campaigns based fear happen don vote candidate happen combine drinking driving
want husband wife chances want love loves friend fulfilling sexual relationship today united states attributes largely replaced bases marriage historically important essential societies financial lineage considerations nuptial couple parents similarity social background bride groom similarity important times past continue pick spouses race religion similar age intelligence education socioeconomic status increasing rates interracial interreligious marriages number exceptions rule similarity growing murstein contemporary researchers tend look similarity screening device limit pool marital eligibles pushing individual marry similar cultural social heritage don vast smorgasbord potential marriage partners select tend exposed similar choose similarity works screening device devised fate circumstance screen theories interpersonal attraction give insights ultimate choices scientific research marriage lags general interest topic universal entered ten americans affects thing healthy married physically mentally healthier single separated divorced widowed bloom asher white
methods draw sample entire population undoubtedly familiar street technique reporter stands specific location asks sample opinions sampling technique frequently seen evening news important defects sampling technique sample size extremely small consisting sample biased limited specific location representing geographic areas attitudes physical fitness interviewer stands cocktail lounge opposed health center street technique considered haphazard accepted sampling method research sample representative entire population mentioned chapter sampling technique random sample sample truly random member population chance selected sample wish random sample students college population acceptable select tenth roster college students select students students names begin sample representative entire population stratified stratified random sample sample represent proportion relevant elements population suppose requested select stratified sample nationwide survey study habits college students percent population college students male percent sample male
order drive bus articulated vehicle valid basic driver license driving experience age bus permit articulated vehicle permit motorcycle license drive car license drive bus articulated vehicle motorcycle drive car shown code endorsement basic license restriction license need wear lenses driving license code form jersey converting license license forms photo non photo securing jersey license previously licensed jurisdiction secure photo license jersey drivers option select whichever license prfer photo license costs issued motor vehicle agencies non photo license costs secured mail agency identification card obtained handicapped individuals qualify driver license fee id card valid license chart shows age limits license fees basic license endorsement drive class vehicle endorsement expire basic license endorsement run full term adjustment renewal fee jersey need valid permit license type vehicle issued
vehicle drive room front license examiner examiner able reach brakes obstructions consoles driver examiner vehicle compliance seat belt usage act seat belt worn applicant examiner test examiner ride test road course purpose road test sure drive safely car standard transmission asked road test show proper tested points pass road test driver testing center validate permit temporary authority drive period days permit social security card proof identity computerized motor vehicle agency presenting documents paying fee agency issue photo license driver license issued jersey legal signature owner valid successful applicants basic driver license motorcycle license previously licensed drive motor vehicle licensed probationary driver identified probationary driver driving habits monitored period completion probationary driver school program driver improvement program page fail road test wait weeks taking test
violations mind telling truth applying license registration result fine months imprisonment lose driver license privilege driving license registration suspended result penalties offense fine months additional license suspension offense fine jail sentence days months additional license suspension offense fine jail sentence months additional license suspension accident hurt license registration suspended fine face mandatory jail sentence continue drive license suspended due alcohol drug conviction subject fine jail sentence additional loss license loaning license driver result fine suspension license privilege getting license illegally result fine imprisonment days privilege driver license arrest police officer believes alcohol affected driving ask breath test jersey implied consent law means receive driver license agreed breath test arrest drinking driving offense
laws jersey require passing streets drive half roadway drive vehicle close righthand edge curb roadway impractical travel side roadway overtaking passing vehicle lane roadway drive lane nearest righthand edge curb roadway lane travel overtaking vehicle preparation left turn proper lane normal driving change lanes safely rules passing depend type road stay center lines passing safe ahead sure oncoming traffic watch lane markings solid dashed center lines pass dashed line side complete pass reaching solid line side pass solid line side illegal unsafe cases pass left pass roads lane going direction driver ahead making left turn room pass pass shoulder road law important rules passing listed chart
school buses equipped amber red flashing lights amber flashing lights feet bus stops red flashing lights stopped depend signals working stop watch children proceed slowly caution stop care school bus signals turned approaching overtaking frozen dessert truck ice cream type direction shows flashing red lights stop signal arm stop drive past truck slow speed miles hour yield person crossing roadway frozen dessert truck need stop dual highway side safety island raised median police cars fire trucks ambulances sirens red lights private vehicles operated volunteer fire rescue squad members responding emergency blue lights yield emergency vehicles hear siren flashing red blue light drive extreme roadway stop wait vehicle pass feet signaling emergency vehicle park feet fire department vehicle service cross fire hose official headlights half hour sunset half hour sunrise bad weather visibility feet
talk driver signals lane shows intend turn turn hand signals tell driver going pump brakes tail lights show slowing stopping habit catching driver eye horn warn drivers night quick flick lights low high beam helpful patient town city traffic try change mind act quickly try let rush hour traffic nerves depend warning signals drivers rely alertness need judgment stopping starting turning knowing traffic rules signs signals helps driver handle driving tasks city traffic slow speeds heavy traffic means things watch city traffic try cooperate drivers drive slowly watch movements careful pedestrians try develop habit looking seconds ahead means able object ahead takes seconds driving mph clear road city able block ahead traffic heavy need extra react means drive slowly reducing speed gain city streets pass intersections
hood suddenly flies slow try look hood road put head window look hood center line lane marking guide brake pull road soon windshield wipers stop suddenly rain snow slow roll side window put head ahead brake pull road involved accident scene try stay calm important points remember stop soon warn oncoming traffic help ask passing motorist notify police call ambulance needed doubt assume ambulance needed case injury follow aid tips covered chapter involved accident happen wait scene stop block traffic curious jersey law requires notify police accidents injury death car property damage killed move body permit body moved police ambulance arrive note inside cover driver manual tells notes case accidents manual car form cover notes involved answer questions policeman ask help police giving facts accident
rip sal felt pants gosh pants split patch pants fast cass ran steps bus quick wink sal sat bench sal help cass catch cat stuck branch jump sal help catch cat sal sat bench cass upset put hands hips hot rod help help left bus huff cass ran hot rod sal help help catch cat bus sal patch pants fast fix pants hot rod ran steps bus quick wink sal sat bench began hum tap hands legs help hot rod help golly ran cat stuck branch golly lost help sal help stand hot rod mad cass upset help sit left huff
frits sat steps ben shop rested chin hands ben sat shop felt sad frits think frits upset ben parrot parrot ben frits problem help help help parrot shush ben frits thank ben help doc sick bed parrot doc frits wish gift frits held nickel hand nickel parrot nickel frits ben nickel parrot ben frits sat sat ben think gift think think parrot think frits nickel ben let check shop parrot shop ben frits ben shop mess belts straps fell rack ben bunch stuff big bag lot boxes top shelf ben shop bench cut stitch fix belts
let tell fiddlestick story oswald frits fiddlestick story oswald tell fiddlestick story cass simple oswald show begin story tell bit story stop stop pass fiddlestick kid kid adds bit story left kid passes fiddlestick kid fiddlestick end story cass oswald fiddlestick begin story bubble gum story jessica twinkle visit bill bill pack bubble gum stick gum jessica bill kids bubble gum jessica blow bubbles bill yes jessica show bill jessica let contest show blow bubbles bet blow biggest bubble bet bill stop pass fiddlestick cass bill handed stick bubble gum jessica twinkle bill set blow puff puff puff bang bill bubble pop jessica bubble pop big stop pass fiddlestick tic
frits sitting oswald grass doc ran doc dominic shopping big sister lost run past yes frits dominic sitting bus doc ran bus frits oswald ran dominic bus doc understand frits bet looking oswald spotted dominic sandals socks left socks sandals bus oswald frits bet golly show dominic golly likes smell things golly track dominic smells socks frits grabbed sock jumped bus golly golly frits smell sock look dominic show dominic golly sniffed sniffed sock began running block golly running fast doc let catch dog block sniffed golly stopped yapped yapped dominic sitting mud puddle digging mud dipping hands puddle dripping mud legs dominic covered mud top bottom golly yapped licked dominic chin dog dominic hugged golly neck yuk frits dominic mess let big sister oswald
superkids shopping mall basketball left shop lily saw basketball fans super hawks coming play basketball mall look lily super hawks coming basketball players let miss super hawks let sit bench alf spot players super hawks sal superkids sat bench super hawks began play number passed ball number shot basket swish superkids clapped yelled number basketball shot legs number superkids grinned number ball spun finger superkids clapped trick number ran ball tripped fell basketball popped hands stuck top mall lily jumped ran number help asked thanks number lost basketball ball stuck lily basketball play ball superkids mall superkid asked number superkids yelled superkids
look hot rod rex king coming visit pick winner grand land contest rex king show tv tic miss rex king show cass rex king comes past bus asked hot rod lot litter looks awful think think litter critters oswald let fix things lot yes tic let fix things winners grand land contest tic tac toc helped oswald put trash big cans frits cut grass alf doc scrubbed bus ettabetta hung planter bus icky put plants sal put awning lily cass dragged bench bus put awning bus looks oswald win contest asked lily winners tv rex king hot rod lily saw big van coming block look yelled tv van rex king coming van stopped front bus stepped glitter rex king asked oswald freckles cass looks tv whispered tic
saved truck thank boy dog saw helped lot bite lunch boy gave golly bites hot dog golly liked helping boy hot dog finished boy waved golly dog boy golly saw bunch kids rope tugging contest golly liked rope tugging ran bit end rope golly tugged tugged boys girls side began slipping sliding big tugs tumbling line won won yelled kids golly side thank helping strongest dog met girl began shaking golly paw dog dinner asked ruff golly big dinner home girl golly stuffed helpings dinner liked helping boys girls dinner golly home girls boys waved help golly campsite golly cass home dinner golly didn want dinner held nose alf golly dinner waste don help finish
sun wind contest fine spring happened sun stronger look puff puff puff wind stronger cape past wind let contest stronger cape win simple look wind puffed tugged cape puff puff puff wind strong button cape puff puff puff wind puffed gale wind grabbed yanked cape let held cape close chest wind puffed puff puff pant whish strong wind look cape sun began smile smile smile wind left glad sun unbutton cape sun hotter hotter smile smile sun hot cape rest shade slipped cape wind lost contest remember wind wish winner smile bad temper ring ling ring ling hi hi cass frits bet tell saw let think
want check buster nest asked frits eggs cass frits oswald dashed stairs attic ran box look oswald eggs nest buster fluttered wings don tell rest kids buster egg frits let bring eggs hatch cass won tell days buster sat eggs superkids attic kids sat sat looked buster egg hatches asked hot rod won fun pigeon club ettabetta hatch fast egg sal getting cramp leg sitting don longer buster fluttered wings nest look hot rod eggs buster nest twins whispered lily buster twins bills pecked eggs eggshells cracked pigeons struggled pigeons cass pigeons kicked thrashed thrashed kicked eggshells split pigeons tumbled eggs kids clapped smiled sal wet cass super hot rod asked frits
america discovered times accident ago northern asia touched foot american soil alaska exact decade century known historian recorded adventures pioneers graves unmarked ashes campfires scattered winds ages accidental discoverers hunters wild game herders driving flocks find greener pastures hill today asia separated alaska bering strait body water miles kilometers wide humans crossing stretch dry land earth passing ice age period weather colder present warmer times fallen rain drained oceans fell snow gradually enormous amounts snow piled northern southern regions earth melt short summers vast ice fields called glaciers formed water trapped thick glaciers water level oceans dropped sharply exposing land bridge asia north america animals plants crossed bridge bones ancient asian elephants called mammoths saber toothed tigers found dozens places united states americans american immigrants waves warmer periods ice melted water level rose
charles ii gave land virginia spanish florida noblemen sir george carteret richest person england sir anthony ashley cooper grateful proprietors named region carolina honor charles latin carolus carolina proprietors hoped attract settlers older colonies order avoid expense financing expeditions england number virginians drift northernmost part grant settlement scattered isolated roads practically villages churches schools colonizers small farmers grew food crops tobacco clear settlers older colonies moving carolinas number sir anthony ashley cooper brought island barbados west indies charleston originally charles town founded charleston soon busy trading center social political center carolina proprietors carolina broad political authority paper dreamed creating land estates lords feudal titles reigned lowly tenants fifths land owned noble class system unbelievably ill suited american scene modern historian written intended tenants quickly obtained land settlers rebelled proprietary government asked king colony
america land opportunity england cities highways crowded ragged beggars tramps white america poor hopeless colonists rich standard nearly rich english noble families merchant princes london americans called middling wealth lived comfortably lavishly worked hard rich rarely idle rich colonial society peaceable kingdom quaker artist edward hicks liked portray sharp conflicts frequently occurred led bloodshed settlement colonies reached eastern slopes valleys appalachian mountains range runs georgia york england days west english colonists miles kilometers seacoast settlement begun travel slow difficult rarely saw communities colonists franklin albany plan union afraid losing independence foreign institution average person loyal colony village county colonists common loyalty england british empire part colonial governments engaged bitter disputes territory boundaries vague original land grants territories involved explored
giving power united states simple deciding control power difficult problem complicated authority united states government remain concentrated congress separated executive legislative judicial branches constitutions equal weight electing representatives united states true articles confederation representation depend population give larger states representatives influence smaller early convention governor edmund randolph virginia member delegation presented virginia plan provided government separate branches representation population william paterson offered jersey plan left power congress continued vote system delegates adopted basics virginia plan debate executive branch headed president united states legislative branch congress chambers senate house representatives system courts national judiciary including supreme court delegates smaller states dug heels question representation population debate weeks camps realized find agree entire constitution defeated finally worked called compromise members house representatives elected basis population
sedition act attempt frighten critics federalist government silence passed war scare abroad france real motives politics home remember sedition act crime criticize president federalist crime criticize vice president democratic republican sense act purely political ten convicted violating sedition act accused plotting government convictions criticizing government important federalist leader charles holt newspaper editor published article calling united states army band disorganized ruffians burden pest terror citizens similar statements sentenced months jail fined james callender editor claimed president adams repulsive fool blasted tyrant america punishment months jail fine statements untrue bad taste protected amendment constitution guarantees freedom speech press equally unfair criticisms jeffersonian leaders federalist editors government vice president jefferson reacted swiftly obvious political bias sedition act party believed congress power constitution pass alien sedition acts
land fighting war seesaw struggle start canada easy target population small canadians sympathized united states force commanded general william hull uncle captain isaac hull constitution crossed border detroit quickly ran trouble indians tecumseh ambushed militia unit confused hull retreated detroit making real fight worse surrendered fort small canadian force commanded general isaac brock brock announced michigan annexed british empire moment end indiana illinois controlled canadian troops indian hater william henry harrison competent general put charge war border invade canada british naval squadron cleared lake erie officer accomplished task oliver hazard perry perry navy family father brothers brothers law naval officers win control lake erie built fleet including gun ships scene finally september bloody battle put bay defeated british squadron met enemy informed general harrison harrison able capture detroit advance canada
southern attitudes slavery changed discovery crop greatly increased need slave labor crop cotton cotton demand parts spinning machinery invented england samuel slater building spinning machines america machines produce thread rapidly soon cotton faster producing cotton egypt egyptian cotton high quality soft fibers grew protected seeds plant plant ripened cotton boll burst open fluffy white fibers easily separated shiny black seeds cotton grown america sea islands coast georgia south carolina winters mild sea island cotton grow mainland plants tender killed slightest spring frost variety cotton called upland cotton withstand colder temperatures hardy grown southern states unfortunately fibers plant short tightly woven seeds took skilled person remove seeds hand single pound cotton invent machine removing seeds upland cotton
americans expected compromise put end slavery controversy events quickly proved soon fugitive slave act effect southerners began try reclaim slaves escaped free states blacks escaped north found grave danger recapture blacks accused runaways testify defense north run felt threatened thousands pulled stakes moved canada blacks left country outspoken black leaders lost strong frederick douglass mourned flee fugitive slave law dead letter wrote half dozen dead kidnappers kidnappers douglass meant sought reclaim runaway blacks fugitive slave law blacks captured slavery law small percentage number escaped cases powerful effect northern public opinion white northerners prejudiced blacks states england blacks lived permitted blacks vote freely states prohibited blacks settling borders blacks allowed mix whites trains restaurants theaters hotels massachusetts segregation extended public schools
states deep south left union united states government weak president elect lincoln office march showed interest dealing problem secession taking responsibility kind date retiring president james buchanan paralyzed crisis announced secession illegal added illegal federal government try prevent seceding matters drifted winter members congress tried compromises satisfy fears southerners stirring northern foes slavery succeeded southern states withdrew union seceding tried federal property borders post offices army forts court houses buchanan try hold government property states left union forts charleston south carolina fall local hands fort sumter island charleston harbor mainland held soldiers commanded major robert anderson gradually national attention focused forts south carolina force seize buchanan try defend forts major anderson southerner patriotic soldier oath protect flag united states major anderson realized protect forts tiny force
sam ben pine creek fish sam boat oars ben fish poles gave sam fish shore asked ben wade water let fish shore sam scare fish wade water ben big fish sam bass sam ben landed fish fire sam told ben bake fish eat sam ben fine meal fish start home sam boat ben shore boat sam told ben stream wade boat fish home ben fish fell rock splash splash fish swam creek lost fish sam wet fun fish eat red hen lived barn ten chicks chicks liked run grass chicks ran red hen called hen mine kate told bob chicks mine feed mash red hen eats corn oats red hen lost chicks peep peep
flop ears mule big ears thick skin tom drove town mule hole road sat mules past hole road hole deep thump thump thump tom hit flop ears stick flop ears sat dust thick skin flop ears town tom past deep hole think home road sat chat tom flop ears sat dust mule past hole tom flop ears past hole give fine fine fill hole drive flop ears past put dirt hole drove mule past tom gave mule home wife told flop ears drive mule past hole hole full dirt hole tom town mule whip flop ears home find tom
don jones asked father park father yes eat lunch don don asked father lunch don father park wild birds animals park zebra ran grass big yard lived grazed yak musk ox watched don father ducks pond swam quick strokes shore quack quack ducks shore line quail ran tall grass don gazed wild animals cared park yes father wild animals free hunt meat eat animals run hide guns ducks hid foxes hawks guns zebra run lion hare ran fox wild animals run asked don father lion bravest animals forest tiger big brave lion tiger big need eat hunt
named ted fine horse farm wintertime horses red barn barn warm clean horses called dark star white horse black star forehead dark star born horse farm liked big clean stall warm coat wore winter ted wanted horseback riding chose dark star horse fast runner horses ran dark star car ted ted spoke front porch wanted trade car ted dark star ted liked dark star want trade liked car horses ted need car trade dark star car ted felt sad saw riding dark star barnyard gate dark star miss home ted asked miss riding horse ted rode farm car fun riding dark star horse ride farm car big bumps dirt logs car glad morning ted drove barn horse standing barnyard gate
lad billy goats billy goats leaped skipped rocky hill dark chilly lad drove valley meet hill frisky billy goats leaped rail turnip patch goats lad sat rocky hillside began cry sat fluffy rabbit cry asked fluffy rabbit drive billy goats home lad turnip patch crying lead fluffy rabbit rabbit tried give billy goats stayed turnip patch fluffy rabbit sat rocky hillside began cry lively red fox cry asked fox lad crying crying rabbit lad billy goats turnip patch crying fox fox try lead billy goats turnip patch give fox sat rocky hillside lad rabbit fox began cry big gray mule
lucy nancy carlson happy going nearby city lunch week carlson family lunch mother nancy birthday carlson nancy saved dollar fifty cents want spend celebrate birthday excited waved celery hand careful dear mother celery stick leading band nancy smiled happily stopped waving celery tell going nancy birthday lucy circus mrs carlson coming city week saturday lunch lucy jumped chair danced circle hurray cried want seal acrobat clown ride bicycle wait nancy going birthday want trained horses lion tiger tumblers carlson broke wait pencil pocket began list let clown seal acrobat lion bicycle mrs carlson lions don ride bicycles sit platforms circle lion trainer stands circle chair pistol whip nancy aim pistol lions
reason remember ronny pity began goblin cold wet drain cold rain water running fast goblin expression sad ronny sorry planned set google goblin free asked important question breathe water yes breathe cold lonesome gloomy ronny ran indoors call gardener took care yard gardener drain yard stopped makes water runs big rain afraid full water flood front yard look yes ronny gardener ronny yard looked drain pipe dug dirt pulled pipe fix ronny watched began worry goblin hurt cry soon gardener finished drain trace goblin
big lion lived cage zoo hungry keeper gave dinner ate gulp big mouth mistake ate keeper keeper missed keepers sat lunch poured soup looked table bill looked snake house bill looked parrot house bill looked tiger house bill looked big bird house bill wait bill afternoon top animal keeper soup cold bowls sat eat wondering young bill suddenly finishing soup loud sound growling growling lion house matter found big lion stood group looked lying ground looking big fat happy keepers looked course big lion swallowed poor bill leave top animal keeper thinking carefully thing
poor farmer thing fat white goose farmer nest goose found egg golden yellow hue shining glittering nest trick farmer lifted egg saw trick egg pure gold true asked farmer filled glee sang jolly tune sell egg pay food wife happily farmer duke ruled land sold egg pure gold farmer money duke gave food wife morning farmer nest goose found egg pure gold morning thing happened morning farmer found shining golden egg nest farmer sold golden egg duke money things needed wanted food meat cakes fruit nice brown suit pretty blue dress wife money pay cute house small flute played sweetest tunes
danny morgan boy lived ranch father brick morgan owned ranch lived indians danny father rode mountain trail danny talked excitedly ride lookout point fun danny indian camp father ride point let indian camp danny eagerly danny afraid won today brick morgan answered danny liked indians trail hoped meet indian boys spotted ponies look golden boy danny suddenly pointed tiny speck racing fields danny heart pounded sight golden boy excited big horse leader morgan herd horses horses asked danny hoping father cowboys spring roundup start week brick morgan answered wish partner stay home feed animals danny felt sad boy father surprise colt colt father wouldn surprise told father laughed weeks passed roundup brick morgan returned home danny ran meet jumped father strong arms
nights later danny tell horse night saw standing herd quiet expected knows thought danny knows mare friendly danny thought acted friendly closer saw standing mare boy indian boy danny called horse indian boy horse branded danny horse star fire indian knows black mare rubbing indian hand nose stood quietly petted stroked didn brand danny gasped didn brand star fire indian boy brand mine friendship makes mine mine matter goes danny felt sad knew mare belong indian friendly let danny pet asked danny eagle indian call danny danny love eagle petted star fire danny longer afraid miss asked eagle nodded head want star fire home
gray fox indian boy father big chief beaver gray fox dreamed big hunting braves evening indian braves sat close fire big chief beaver quietly smoked pipe tomorrow start big hunt young gray fox sat outer circle watched smoke campfire curling lazily sky listened tales hunt braves stories tell skills hunting soon fires burned low braves left rest journey sun trail gray fox waited indian brave left campfire crawled sat father big chief beaver father gray fox wish hunt braves strong arrow shoots swiftly wind son chief prove courage hunt braves father bring feather pulled tail fierce live eagle hunt early morning gray fox started difficult search nest mighty eagle knew hidden high mountain walked days reached foot mountain
trip sun shining brightly school bus parked front school school dressed girls wore ribbons hair boy wore necktie miss white nice look trip today boys girls grade class bus sally susan sat seat bus driver seated bus started street past house susan lived past post office park eat lunches bus library library steps asked sally librarian miss white expecting library explain things bus stopped children steps librarian greeted morning children nice visit library inside want explain quiet library want disturb reading studying building room explain library works talk ask questions rooms reading quiet
shh whispered susan class stood stood larry johnson walking looking shelf filled stories adventure larry walked squeak step children laughed larry squeaking noise susan noise shoes larry looked shoes sorry noise library wear squeaky shoes class left library park eat lunches ran played laughed miss white home learned books library david wilson ten lived city lived eighth floor tall apartment building summer david invited cousin george week vacation george city lived farm middle george arrive george felt grown coming train city visit glad david father train pulled station looked strange let subway home david subway asked george train george david father
days george excited things saw city big supermarkets pushed cart david mother gathered things shelves place cart george home don buy things eat store grow garden morning end week david mother called boys sleepyheads father left hour ago think today visit department stores boys breakfast dressed ready david mother george taxicab store george watched meter taxicab drove department store david mother told george machine told driver money ask end ride david pointed places drove father passed zoo museum david mother pointed elevated train george taking elevated train city short stop cars subway david thought train air ground george
henry huggins grade school hair looked scrubbing brush grown front teeth lived mother father square white house klickitat street tonsils breaking arm falling cherry tree happened henry wish exciting happen henry thought interesting happened henry saturday afternoon march saturday afternoon henry rode downtown bus swimming swum hour bus rode home dinner henry left saturday dimes nickel pocket corner drugstore buy chocolate ice cream cone thought eat ice cream cone bus drop twenty cents slot ride home happened bought ice cream cone dimes standing drugstore licking chocolate ice cream cone heard thump thump thump henry turned dog wasn special kind dog small big dog hand big dog
big green bus stopped front drugstore henry picked dog ribsy heavy henry hard getting bus bus driver say sonny dog bus asked henry company rule dogs buses golly mister going home sorry sonny didn rule animal ride bus inside box seeing eye dog thanks anyway henry lifted ribsy bus guess box henry told dog bus drugstore closely ribsy big box asked toothpaste counter need big dog clerk leaned counter look ribsy cardboard box asked yes henry wishing hurry didn want late getting home clerk pulled box counter hair tonic box guess big want put dog cardboard box understand box feet square inches deep end printed don let call baldy try large economy size
siren screamed grew louder louder stopped bus policeman appeared bus entrance boy called henry huggins bus asked henry small voice don say lady apples schoolteacher say policeman henry ribsy policeman bus squad car henry dog sat seat going arrest henry asked timidly don policeman think arrested sir henry politely thought policeman joking wasn sure hard tell grown ups didn mean henry ribsy home mother bring home bus think policeman asked officer driving car ell think let answered driver mother pretty worried called police don think want jail yes late dinner officer let fast home driver pushed button siren began shriek
eddie snupe called supe nuts officially eighth grader benjamin franklin junior high school buffalo york unofficially private detective known friends super snupe plain snupe neighbors crazy snupe kid private detective accident ago gang pencil thieves operating school gang members steal pencils pupils desks rush loot headquarters pencils repainted color pink erasers exchanged green brand advertising changed gang resell pencils pupils half price racket gang business super snupe months ago carmen fernandez left school heard voice hedge hey want buy pencils cheap pencil thief carmen whispered knew school bookstore floor hedge call police going follow suggestion quickly realized arresting suspect remove minnow pond evil stop racket police catch big fish call police told carmen guy busy
riders brow hill valley broad cup filled brooding thickness prairie night light shed narrow sickle moon picked dakota valley mile surrounded rim treeless hills valley floor covered ordinary growth small oaks lot brush sandy flats sparse lacing buffalo grass young elk wish standing bear effort skepticism voice yes rider left place re tell saw night youth shaman son sounded intent standing bear leaned forward pointed eastern end valley told hunting tired camp center valley fell asleep sunset dark woke awake don heard strange sound kind growl low steady running fast direction sat blanket waited young elk grim smile afraid run
night isabel torres parents sitting vista vision set foot wide screen watching historical movie hundred earlier pioneers covered wagons characters riding plains covered waving grasses watering horses real stream gurgling water standing real trees green leaves background towering mountains wide blue skies golden sun shining father isabel think hundred ago suppose answered father primitive wasn clean modern safe domes underground dirt disease hunger live sterile atmosphere don sick age grow grateful safe underground plastic domes hydroponic plants feed sustaining gear isabel father quiet mild mannered person humans simply wasn oxygen air vigorous activity air tunnels leading surface earth blocked survivors surface settled underground dangerous days isabel father guess dangerous isabel
castle stood steep hill town round bottom hill ran outer castle wall massive gateway inside gate doctor house approach castle going surgery door garden door hundred steps bothered castle supposed haunted case wants empty place falling ruins let doctor prowl round wanted doctor thought odd townspeople young established writing rude patients took describing symptoms abruptly tell beat bush arranged surgery hour businesslike patients sat rows large waiting room amusing illustrated paper view castle filled window oppressive manner patient picked numbered card box arrived waited doctor rang bell flashed number indicator patient hurried surgery breathlessly recited symptoms doctor grew impatient received medicine dropped card box paid treatment hurried door led straight main castle gateway
weekend january jill kinmont competing annual snow cup giant slalom mountains east salt lake city sunday morning fastest publicized young skier united states eighteen leading candidate olympic team skied mountain crashed earth forty miles hour sunday afternoon quadriplegic twenty weeks hospitals able wheelchair feed write help special devices took therapy improve physical condition able return college graduate honors spare tutored children trouble schoolwork graduated jill talking lee zadroga friend drove school president kennedy inaugural address lee asked speech meant rubbed thumb thoughtfully lips kennedy saying start caring education poverty disease getting rid prejudice rest generation making responsible working things matter teaching leaned studied lee face smiled frown yes teaching children read liked especially results
star wars released cheered moviegoers film artists reviewers alike film grossed million dollars united states received academy awards article written star wars released person explanation phenomenal success star wars ago princess leia leader rebellion evil galactic empire captured imperial starship aboard galactic empire mobile command station impregnable death star able destroy planets single energy burst moment questioned darth vader grand moff tarkin nastiest pair villains thousand worlds princess leia stolen secret plans death star blueprints reach friends corrupt empire fall freedom restored galaxy wait princess leia plans entrusted robot artoo detoo hope reach obi wan kenobi general rebellion planet tatooine artoo delicate robot friend threepio landed tatooine luck picked young farmer luke skywalker luke artoo threepio attacked saved hermit turns general looking
continued walking silence joe reading article guru india spoken word twenty twenty word waiting hear going say finally speak supposed wise word thought poor guy sitting twenty trying think say bit think getting desperate worse worse supposed sort message story maybe smiled wanted say sorry thought going start crying big soft snail snail found aunt willie going mother shrugged didn mean terrible thing wasn bad accused didn change called front aunt willie mary mother terrible turned walked woods don worry tough indestructible coyote road runner getting flattened dynamited crushed scene strolling completely normal
alex haley boy henning tennessee grandmother tell stories family stories grandparents grandparents generations called african lived ocean called kamby bolongo forest chopping wood drum set beaten chained dragged aboard slave ship bound colonial america vividly remembering stories grew writer haley began search document narrative took ten half million miles travel continents find finally haley discovered african kunta kinte exact location village gambia west africa kunta abducted alex haley search ancestor began flew london magazine assignment guided tour haley rosetta stone british museum found nineteenth century french archaeologist deciphered hieroglyphic writing ancient egypt message written stone known languages thrill discovery remained haley feel special personal significance couldn imagine plane returning united states idea hit
record book tell major league baseball player roberto clemente collected hits major league career say bat times drove runs played games eighteen span cold numbers won begin delineate roberto clemente begin understand magnificent athlete backward ended december thirty final hours roberto clemente month agreed junior league baseball team nicaragua central america manage star game managua met friends friends casually weeks returned trip managua nicaragua exploded flames earth trembled died worst earthquake western hemisphere puerto rico television personality named luis vigereaux heard news moved try help victims needed listen say needed help helped knew luis vigereaux roberto person person willing help
missed party grandpa theo aunts uncles cousins grandpa theo friends music pupils table covered food talked laughed sang uncle dimitri pulled handkerchief took aunt myra hand grandpa theo took grandma hand snake dance joined hands lined wound dancing slow snake dance grandpa theo opened piano quiet phoebe called turn pages grandpa theo sat pupils played wonderful music turned pages learning play piano grandpa theo someday ready play duet things changed knew wrong grandpa didn music parties grandpa theo didn sing didn dance pupils played duets parties stopped knew wrong later piano lessons stopped grandpa theo didn talk knew trouble hearing didn watch talked wouldn answer times wouldn laugh funny turned radio loudly shout wanted talk pat shoulder look talked
thurman pond lived clean cool countryside peaceful quiet thurman friends knew problems course small tadpoles snakes fish frogs trying catch dinner caught thurman fast clever thurman biggest smartest tadpoles pond soon leader hour hour thurman swam pond search eat tadpoles find water plant munch thurman imagine thurman thought peaceful pond swam hiding enemies searching food swam drank mouthfuls water water passed gills inside heads breathed taking air water gills blew water holes side heads fish thurman months strange thing happened swimming peaceful search food sudden sound laughter echoed course tadpoles don laugh imagine bit
mrs miyo called afternoon miyo home school home neighbor mrs kitamura miyo called mrs miyo mother doctor didn home supper didn home didn miyo stayed mrs mrs kitamura widow enjoyed miyo company lonely dog named jefferson ten parrot named hamilton black cat named leonardo pet rooster named lincoln talked japanese talked onions potatoes planted front yard asked grow plump delicious miyo home school mrs talking potatoes onions today mrs seen wasn front wasn talking animals dog jefferson greet miyo opened gate hello jefferson kitamura miyo mrs jefferson wagged tail sniffed miyo special spot foot willow tree miyo stopped lincoln strutting pen making rooster sounds looking intelligent mrs told miyo lincoln understood word spoke english japanese
harlequin awoke room dark stars moon sky chilly bed harlequin wrapped blanket walked window felt wearing night dim light saw passing street left home dark town square early morning bringing trays cakes pies cookies sold tonight children helping harlequin sighed warm bed pulled covers head children wait tonight carnival games prizes candy ice cream dancing singing joking friends harlequin children asked haven seen morning harlequin lead sorts fun maybe bad mother won let maybe sick ran harlequin house harlequin harlequin appeared window wearing blanket friends started talking harlequin fireworks finished father says stay late want smell chocolate
idea coat need cut give harlequin give piece cloth costume true dress need let cloth meet front harlequin house sun high children met harlequin house carrying piece cloth harlequin answered knock door surprised friends held pieces cloth happily pushed hands children saw harlequin arms filled cut bits scraps sad piece shape size color shiny fuzzy pieces matched looked bunch rags harlequin smiled thanked children afraid unhappy giving useless gift feel stupid whispered unhappily left harlequin stared scraps cloth arms thought piece big pant leg sleeve climbed stairs room thinking carnival
pablo picasso boy lived town spain asked wanted grew knew artist mother liked tell words piz piz baby talk lapiz spanish word pencil stretched floor piece paper pencil pablo drew pictures learned walk boy liked crayons chalk toys pablo father don jose artist proud son spent lot teaching boy draw paint pablo ability delighted family friends line draw person animal bird looked alive played animal game sister lola young friends big eyes sparkling say want horse dog bull quickly cut tiny paper animal shaped dog horse bull pablo school wanted draw spent happy hours father studio drew pictures pigeons saw windows drawings lola grew tired watching father listening explain pencils chalk kinds paint
named simon boom liked brag buy didn matter size short size altogether season simon boom bought summer simon boom walked hat store storekeeper give hat storekeeper brought straw hat store simon boom hat storekeeper felt don want hat simon boom want hat storekeeper hat wool head warm coldest buy simon boom summer town felt cool light hats simon boom hot heavy winter hat head feels warm thought simon boom buy umbrella hide sun walked umbrella store storekeeper give umbrella beach umbrella rain umbrella storekeeper asked umbrella simon boom storekeeper pulled black umbrella umbrella stand opened
simon boom walked town looking spring water store couldn find give saw water carrier wooden cans water hanging yoke maybe simon boom thought deals water ran water carrier tell buy spring water course water carrier putting cans ground simon boom feeling happier looking spring water store town couldn find wonder water carrier water looking store want spring water simon boom water dear sir water carrier water purest coolest spring water simon boom asked water carrier simon boom want twenty barrels daughter wedding water want water carrier wedding taking place days simon boom bring guests arrive water fresh cool water carrier told simon boom simon boom home wife look happy
warm evening soon guests arrived filled glasses drank ah fresh cold water need love simon boom wife serving ordered servants pitchers full soon musicians struck happy wedding tune guests began dance dance guests warm ready drink table fresh cold water simon boom watched fill glasses wife happens serve love guests beginning hungry waited food water filled glasses drank look drink simon boom wife don wonderful water musicians struck lively tune guests hungry dance sat table drank water stomachs rumbling guests pretty hungry mrs boom husband giving water don think give eat course simon boom serving
houses grove street empty bentons lived home riverside block felt sad leave neighbor bentons mrs smith mrs benton twin boys grandma lang car driving riverside twenty miles traffic bad hour mrs smith stopped house let passengers start home luck miss grove street bentons thanked mrs smith driving riverside house van drove later van began bring tables beds chests house asking things rooms finished unloading van set beds left job mrs benton needed help getting settled cleaned kitchen grandma unpacked sheets blankets boys room fixed top bunk bed jim bottom tim fixed beds front bedroom spare room twins upstairs grandma kitchen mother
left homes story problems willie tad lincoln home white house abraham lincoln president united states lincoln family going live white house leave washington willie tad lincoln sad exciting father elected president boys want leave home springfield begged dog fido fido belonged partly willie tad partly roll boys friends part fido washington asked abe lincoln don part cheer boys promised pony washington fido left springfield lincoln family found quickly president hard waiting office lincoln tried speak president days lincoln leave office late night hard working promise willie tad pony pony play boys restless lonely friends home mother lonely
chilly winter passing jane house looked frozen cheeks noses red breath puffs white smoke mrs banks stand jane window looked chilly trees bending wind mrs banks silly let weather inside school families send children send let dressed heavy clothes drive deal department store read yesterday paper special sale ready mrs banks turned key car didn start battery dead mrs banks cold weather bus bus ride took number cars stalled blocking streets reached deal jane wanted look windows mother chilly sure deal things inside store floor mrs banks looked leather gloves husband special price pair thick knitted linings dollars buy dad jane gave salesgirl credit card took gloves wrapped girl package
live grove street shopping big market star center striped posts front called save market manager save market keeps shelves full canned goods soap scrubbing brushes lot cleaning things meats fresh fish dairy counter milk butter cheese drug department store mrs smith mrs wiggins push shopping carts store stop drug department kendrick drugstore kendrick store corner oak street nineteenth street inside front door newspapers magazines comic books comes small candy department kendrick sells kinds candy small bars large boxes sells bubble gum penny candy part store shelves hair sprays cold cream toothpaste shaving cream cans tubes jars tubes store full things customers push past counters important part store kendrick works druggist customer comes hands prescription kendrick reads carefully walks room times pulls jar shelf counts number pills puts bottle
mrs benton sad mood wrong tooth jaw pained slept wink night thinking tooth pulled root bad called dentist told pain dentist sound cold maybe jaw feels sore thursday rays thing mrs benton unhappy rain raining hard days rainy roof begun leak benton able fix mrs benton put pail leak empty hour jim walked deep puddle lunchtime boots full water slacks wringing wet tim lost schoolbag night mrs benton told husband happened finished saying bad herb empty rainwater bucket hour busy benton care emptying bucket tonight roof fix leak soon stops raining sound filled room
saturday morning september mrs hernandez husband vince let lake tomorrow weekend carlos home classes college begin wednesday ok hernandez let want hitching boat trailer wait tomorrow carlos asked car tonight rosa listening delighted driving lake mead fun took peppy dog sat seat peppy frisky dog wasn safe front driver rosa mother drove car father drove depended mood carlos wanted drive parents let wheel sunday morning carlos sleepy drive sat car rosa half asleep half awake didn want play car game sister liked minute rosa asked parents play game thinking bird night owl asked mrs hernandez rosa turn mrs hernandez put letter front owl hen chicken rooster asked carlos trying wake
king daughters girls beautiful kind youngest melinda beautiful cross morning noon night melinda scold complain maid brought gown princess say ruffle neck stiff silk feels rough meal meat tough bedtime room hot cold pity king important visitors meetings daughters ill tempered melinda older princesses father majesty sister melinda tormenting palace maids majesty daughter melinda tormenting palace cooks majesty melinda bad temper driving minds told father going king roared meat tough gowns rough worst news heard melinda brought melinda king spoke kindly soon saw listening loved daughter dearly didn king hunters passed door king saw called garth lovely daughter
friday afternoon ted dan playing ball dan yard ted threw fast ball dan dan couldn catch ball fence landed yard don think baseball dan ted don expect baseball player big don want ted dan grandpa thinks sailor skipper kent crew don think kind crew join ted crew astronauts space ship dan orbit blue sky sky blue re orbit ted black true asked dan reading newspapers books looking tv ted learn lot re interested rest afternoon boys talked space travel ted knew bit drew rocket dirt stick told dan rockets weigh tall began dark ted home stay dinner dan wish eat house ted look book space travel
riverside planning contest choose beautiful block city mayor gotten idea conversation mayor grove city mrs benton read clean fix drive grove city interested bentons lived riverside contest began worry think block pitch asked neighbor visiting think especially don plan expensive answered mrs knox talking jim benton asked joan knox mother joan heard conversation homes told jim mother action committee block zimmerman miss manning guess lots committees locatons asked tim benton talk families block making street beautiful joan mother idea planting flowers evening ann benton twins told benton mrs knox visit re supposed grow flowers dad tim true tim imagination benton asked wife suggestion mrs benton benton don imitation grove city planted geraniums geraniums wife
mouse saw blue mitten ran house mouse frog saw mitten ran house frog mouse frog pig saw blue mitten ran house pig mouse pig mouse frog wolf ran blue mitten house wolf mouse wolf mouse frog pig sheep saw blue mitten house sheep mouse sheep mouse frog pig wolf bear saw blue mitten house bear mouse bear mouse frog pig wolf sheep bee saw blue mitten house bee mouse stop frog bee pop mitten mouse frog pig wolf sheep bear bee
pigs saw big tree asked big pig apples pig apples tree apples big pig apples asked pig big pig pig apples wolf big pig comes hello wolf big pig apples tree brother wolf won apples apples wolf tree trick wolf big pig brother won eat apples wolf apples wolf big pig jump jump asked jump wolf big pig wolf apples trick pig apples wolf didn pigs didn apples pigs ran apples wolf
cow country road saw frog road hello frog cow want city want big stores want cars big houses city sign frog says read cow read sign frog says city road find city cow road saw sign tree saw sheep read sign asked cow want find city read sign big sheep says city road find city cow road didn city saw big sign city asked mouse read sign sign says city city mouse city cow big stores cars big houses road mouse big city cow road cow city sign frog read cow big sheep read mouse read read asked cow
dad nap cot mother nap nap cook ham pot fix ham mix hot buns mother lots pots pans cooks lot ham dad dan dad nap mother dot mother dad look pot bit hot fat mix rid mix fix pot fix cook dad rubs pot pad fix mother dad took dan bus look lots pigs dan nap bus dad dan sit look look big pigs lots pigs dan sat bus hot bad nap big pig runs bus dan tugs mother hugs looks pig dan mother box tops tops dan jim tim dan sits rubs top rag jim taps top hops bit look tim jim top hop tim hits top mop pops tin twins look tops mother cat dan looks cat
dan ran sun rags hot mother let tub rags rags dan pet hop wet mother let rags rags hot mother dan let mother let rags dan tub bud dan tub sits mother lap sad dan wet tub let mother bud mother let wet nap mat look mother look jet dan jet mother jet big hums bet jet dan dad look mother dad sun look ben ten hens box set box pen let hens run big hen ran look bugs pen lots bugs hen happy ten bugs hops sits box ben pen fat hens fog hid pen fox took hen ben gun set net big bad fox ten fox cubs
ben pen red hen pam looked hen red hen pet ben hen mother box pam ran box hen pam mother pam red box lid pam fed hen led box red hen red box pam dad looked red hen bet fat hen let cook pot pam mother looked pam dad fun pam pam hen bed big box dad fix pam dad big box fed hen pam lots fun pet hen dan fed nat fat cat mother fed tom led tom pan lap tom bed dan run dad mother dan set tom box ran dad look dad fed tom bits catnip sip pan mother dad fix leg dan bed dad looked bed yes fix leg bit wood mother mop cut tip fix peg bed
mother took napkins tub look fit ragbag napkin jam napkin bits fat rip top box fill tub suds rub napkins hot suds mother filled tub lots suds suds rid fat jam napkins mother pam dan books book pam mother story duck big red fox woods story dan mother book book dan mother story pig bug fixed box took pet cat doctor bell cat looked sick doctor bell looked cat cat thin pill let thick bit catnip doctor bell fed pill cat took thin cat fed fixed thick pad bed cat look thin sick
dad wet woods rags fox ran rags ran path rags dad rags path lots mud bath dad rags tub rub thick hot suds mud suds dad dad bath dan math pass math mother job dan looked sets mother look mother tell math dan happy dan kicks bit rock path fun tells bud bath bed bud dan ran bud mother bud kick rock path bath yes bud mother bud kicks rock path dan kicks bud bath ben chicks woods path fix pen let path ben chops wood pen chop chop chop
grandpa tucked dan bed dan tell story grandpa yes dan tell story grandpa story dad took ranch ranch catch horses big job horses pen sat bench looked big red horse ran looked socks match sock big sock horse big red tom catch big red big horse big red mad look buck dad big red dug mud tom let led red pen fix latch big red horse ran kick top pen bits wood fell tom yelled fix pen logs patch big red horse legs sat top pen looked red looked looked sad bad ranch horse fed tom horse grandma cooked lunch dan grandpa fixed chops pinch pinch
lived americas thousands europeans lands history earliest americans early indians written earliest americans left written records tell lived archaeologists scientists study remains early cultures able learn read section ask questions ways determine age ancient materials ice ages earth experienced environments land shape ways live archaeologists look past radiocarbon dating close study volcanic stone called obsidian radiocarbon dating measures amount radioactive carbon things alive measure things plants animals radioactive carbon death atoms carbon fall constant rate measuring amount atoms disappear scientists estimate age artifacts things left early peoples means dating ancient things careful study volcanic stone obsidian stone takes moisture air moisture leaves marks tree rings counting marks scientists learn approximate age things found obsidian
missionaries fur trappers traders adventurers built french dutch empires north america sixteenth eighteenth centuries adventurers european government business leaders find lands french priests claimed lands visited france read section ask questions fur trading main form commerce french dutch colonies north america dutch begin explore north america dutch lose empire north america french explorers claimed parts north america france giovanni da verrazano explored eastern coast canada france jacques cartier european reach gulf st lawrence river cartier european sail st lawrence present montreal cartier claimed lands france samuel de champlain explored large areas land northern parts north america early called father france french empire north america france consisted present canada areas central part north america empire took st lawrence river entire length mississippi river lakes champlain founded quebec permanent french settlement north america established permanent french settlement north america french traders heard indians tell river mississippi
british landholdings north america valuable britain colonial possessions farmland natural resources growing population led start colonial economy farming base economy colonists farmers nonetheless mid manufacturing began place happened trade grew read section ask questions areas belonged british empire increased manufacturing american colonies bring greater colonial trade british leaders opposed colonial trade nations mid britain ruled large empire lands nearly part british east india company charter queen elizabeth form settlements india sir walter raleigh allowed set colony north america hundred later british empire spread early islands west indies settlements africa colonies burma india regulation britain later australia zealand pacific islands joined british empire colonies set north america thirteen colonies small part total british landholding north america colonies america valuable lands empire
war americans worked country place live ways able reach goal ways america society grew helped build stronger wealthier united states important problems remained solved country economy grew rapidly economic growth brought ways working living united states read section ask questions ways growth middle class affect america social problems faced americans coming industrial revolution influence nation economy early society grew america early suited country ideas values shaped society gave americans freedom america country middle class middle class goals americans poor rich reason middle class largest powerful america social classes social class group share general status position society societies person social standing class fixed birth family background america social class determined income
age jackson americans able improve americans suffered unfair social economic treatment poor sick uneducated america hard cruel americans including women indians blacks received unfair treatment growing number worked correct social wrongs read section ask questions ideas america society begin change age jackson ways abolitionist movement help bring greater justice america america improve result social reform movements americans begun look ways give deeper meaning greater believed search material wealth caused americans turn believed growth cities sign dangerous social weakness city dwellers depended needs reasons americans decided build live small simple gatherings age jackson movement known utopian movement grew general movement characterized groups banding form small ideal communities ideal utopian communities stressed belief total equality
mid americans pushed country frontiers direction texas southwest oregon territory northwest gave settlers united states rich lands open west promise california drew eager settlers part america growing drive land wealth brought united states war read section ask questions true mexican war california gold rush help settle west ways westward expansion lead growing domestic problems america early land directly southeast oregon unknown americans believed stretch western land known country utah desert utah country early hard reach westward bound settlers dangerous rocky mountain crossing arrive utah settlers felt reason especially oregon california appeared offer reason utah allowed remain largely wilderness early group americans need land settle mormons members church jesus christ saints mormons suffered number hardships church formed western york
civil war period reconstruction needed confederate states readmitted union southern economy destroyed war rebuilt society slavery formed war president lincoln put forward plan reconstruction president johnson lincoln death tried follow similar plan radical republicans congress satisfied president efforts determined charge reconstruction read section ask questions lincoln johnson reconstruction plans differ congress want control reconstruction part joint committee fifteen play congressional reconstruction effect congressional elections reconstruction civil war north discussing confederate states president lincoln look confederacy enemy country conquered punished felt needed return confederate states union early president lincoln issued proclamation stated plan reconstruction lincoln plan confederate set government percent voters voted oath loyalty agree accept emancipation proclamation plan lincoln hoped reconstruct union quickly felt defeat war punishment confederate states
end fighting general meade called council war sure hold position gettysburg move defensive position nearer washington officers voted stay fight general lee planning attack believed bring final victory july general lee daybreak preparing strike blow believed bring victory longstreet troops attack center union line cemetery ridge ran south cemetery hill round tops ewell troops stage attack union jeb stuart cavalry finally arrived harass union retreat unlikely event longstreet attack fail troops led general hill cover confederate retreat shortly sunrise lee met longstreet longstreet brought subject moving union left lee replied sharply enemy going strike detailed plan longstreet dismayed felt soldiers ready attack end disaster general soldier soldiers opinion arrayed battle position lee mind set attack led general george pickett
summer populist party members met omaha draw platform choose candidate run president platform adopted july called number reforms greenback party populists wanted increase amount money circulation unlike greenbackers populists wanted free unlimited coinage silver populists called government ownership railroads wanted government set system store farm produce prices rose farmers able borrow money crops stored populist platform included demands political reforms demand direct election united states senators populists called secret australian ballot supported initiative referendum allow voters direct action important matters gain support populists included demands attract industrial workers called graduated income tax mean earned money pay taxes populists supported hour workday controls immigration feared immigrants jobs american workers adopting platform populists chose general james weaver candidate president began plan campaign elections populists intend increase amount money circulation colorful characters leaders populist party
cosgrove lion lion secret big awful secret cosgrove knew lion called king beasts brave fearless knows afraid lion animals afraid cosgrove secret big awful secret knew animals thought lions brave fearless cosgrove lion cosgrove water hole animals cosgrove spot coldest clearest water cosgrove walk let loud roar animals ran cosgrove walked road argued cosgrove king beasts cosgrove happy argued happy knew secret cosgrove seat movies sat front lion share popcorn animals thought lions brave fearless cosgrove lion cosgrove happened mouse squirrel walking road loud roar cosgrove mouse let road squirrel road
cosgrove walked road wasn walk brave fearless lion cosgrove looking afraid secret nervous heard noise jumped tree mouse watching called squirrel sure look brave fearless lion mouse think re squirrel look jumps hears noise secret mouse secret cosgrove cowardly lion re squirrel secret secret let tell animals meeting animals tell called squirrel cosgrove secret big awful secret cosgrove cowardly lion mouse brave fearless longer afraid loud roar animals moved cosgrove walking road brave fearless walk cowardly walk animals cosgrove saw animals standing middle road stopped let roar roar won called squirrel brave fearless lion cowardly lion shouted animals special spot water hole called monkey
saturday busy proudfoot avenue serviceman fix refrigerator penguin captain cook children room playing janie bill hear serviceman door mrs popper store fish captain cook popper kitchen told refrigerator put tool bag floor looked popper looked refrigerator looked popper popper don need air holes door refrigerator answered popper want air holes door argued air holes popper tell paying asked serviceman popper gave money looked closely money took drill bag small air holes refrigerator door don leave popper thing asked serviceman want door let air want tv refrigerator don funny popper want put handle inside refrigerator
hear hear animals king beasts animals woods listened running hear king wanted animals king lion spoke clever animals asked animal cried ho called king lion hear noise quiet king beasts call tell makes clever let animal tell animal brags punished quiet mouse king lion looked spider named ananse king spoke say clever ananse ananse king lion told story makes silk animals listened nodded heads told king clever birds happy hear hear cried clever ananse silk thing fly ananse angry turned birds think seen fly fly looking ho ho laughed birds
ananse home wife son wife met door sad asked bragged ananse fly help days ananse wife walked woods picked bird feathers find took home ananse woods found rubber tree cut sap took sap home big jar ready ananse cover rubber wife son helped began stick feathers rubber ananse covered feathers son king lion tell ready fly ananse son king king lion father ananse ready fly call animals clever ananse fly king lion called big lion voice hear hear animals king beasts animals running waited waited waited ananse ananse tricked big bird punished let punish son ananse son cried look look sky father
ananse felt feathers rubber getting soft feathers falling ananse animals watching scared saw birds laughing cried clever ananse clever swoosh wind blew ananse fell end king lion nose king lion nose tickled kerchoo blew ananse big tree hear hear king lion called big lion voice animals brag punished ananse spider family live trees tv set paint scenery puppets put show astronauts skylab zoomed space spider named arabella inside spider box arabella live space spin web spider box earth wanted days skylab zoomed space arabella spider box moved space skylab arabella tv star skylab pictures arabella earth looked spider spin web space arabella began spin web webs looked funny arabella trying
downey teacher ran going asked hannah holding arm holding frisbee downey hannah answered luis started say downey stopped luis let frisbee hannah let luis hannah luis told hannah cried luis took frisbee didn luis lying ground mine hannah green frisbee don leave things putting luis told hannah let downey seat downey started talking mix ups put things luis thought downey sure put astronaut lunchbox reached desk wasn lunchbox yelled luis lunchbox seat ran door luis going called downey luis didn hear luis playground looked lunchbox didn wasn fence put luis didn
place think find help classroom downey luis reached classroom door crying downey called put lunchbox reached find downey walked luis calm luis re talking fast happened hannah spoke desk saying told downey find lunchbox left playground wasn downey looked luis happened asked yes sobbed luis put throw frisbee asked downey answered luis hannah walked downey luis standing holding hands downey putting things held hands hand held green frisbee written hannah hand special astronaut lunchbox written luis don leave things putting told luis hannah smiling luis smiling presto magic tricks ask friend straw pick bottle
rrrriiiinnngggggggg alarm clock theodore thaddeus thumpus rolled bed put foot floor slipper wasn thumpus put head side bed looked slipper looked left slipper slippers rolled side bed theodore thaddeus thumpus side bed wrong side bed saw slippers slipped slippers wrong side bed mrs thumpus saw theodore thaddeus called wrong side bed yes mrs thumpus answered thumpus tired sure mrs thumpus sure theodore thaddeus thumpus wrong side bed yes mrs thumpus today thumpus breakfast theodore thaddeus breakfast asked mrs thumpus piece birthday cake cookies thumpus mrs thumpus big plate plate put breakfast thumpus piece birthday cake cookies
early bright spring morning jessica set search adventure person met walter swap yo yo baseball cards jessica flipped yo yo boy nose yo yo real boxwood leave walter quick flash cards yo yo changed hands jessica starting street search adventure met pendleton skate scooter jessica asked eagerly yup pendleton want swap set baseball cards asked jessica don think pendleton slowly set jessica missing leave pendleton knew holding cards jessica speeding scooter search adventure jessica covered blocks city scooter reached park jessica saw truly amazing sight girl bouncing huge rubber ball ball kind handle top girl wouldn fall jessica raced jessica asked kangaroo bucking ball girl want swap asked jessica wheeling skate scooter girl scooter move jessica tell girl wanted swap girl
thump soccer ball flew air landed peach basket hung heads students teacher score dr james naismith class finished game basketball december springfield massachusetts dr naismith class arrived found wooden peach baskets hung floor dr naismith explained game teams players try throw soccer ball baskets allowed run ball students didn think enjoy game half excited home told families friends game called basketball peach baskets soccer ball climb ladder remove ball basket player scored invented basket woven wire players poles push ball basket finally thought rope net hole cut bottom net ball fell net easily eighteen students dr naismith class game played players team number players team decided wanted play
sillibill happy free wish decided wait think clever mind soon forgot blue wish walked town looked odd houses roofs doors windows round walked streets noticed strange thing looked saw signs don don don signs sillibill head spinning finally hurried sillibill grabbed coattails asked sir tell round ball hush don speak loudly forbidden corners forbidden mayor afraid bump rounded goodness whispered sillibill city forbidden going mayor forbids breaks rules locked days cage town hall tower beats cried sillibill put ssh putting finger lips questions forbidden ran quickly street evening seen streets full moon shining light fell sign don music
fabius ray crawled slowly encyclopedia brown detective agency encyclopedia son idaville top detective surprised fabius close ground summer fabius hands knees fabius looked bugs kinds idaville knew hidden feelings bugs fabius encyclopedia watched fabius staring bug couldn stand longer encyclopedia cried ssh whispered fabius crawling closer bug stinkbug whispered fabius ooops scared sorry encyclopedia fabius stood sadly looking seeing cheered encyclopedia boy glad bug led put twenty cents meaning hire case small encyclopedia hoping fabius didn word fabius want horsefly jail problem stole camera fabius think ghost encyclopedia stared fabius ghost deserted potter house fabius encyclopedia laughed don believe ghosts believe facts facts fabius yesterday house hunt bugs picture spider ghost stairs shakes ran house leaving camera encyclopedia fabius
american secretary william seward thought foolish bought huge piece land called alaska bought alaska russia cents acre thought waste money alaska useless land rocks snow ice called seward folly proved wrong alaska worth cost riches discovered greatest riches trees alaska forests alaskan land covered forests trees cut sold parts sea alaska full riches fish sea animals live large numbers codfish herring halibut crabs shrimp caught sold rest united states riches found underground gold discovered hundred ago alaska search gold gold mined minerals iron coal silver copper tin important oil natural gas discovered important underground riches alaska largest united states large texas california montana put alaska covered mountains snowcapped
nyurka cage tired playing ask swim try push nose didn want small lonely pool spent sleeping edge pool order move decided walks wasn easy sounds nyurka wouldn leave cage opened door called cried looked couldn decide door bits fish bait moved door finally walks short sand bothered flippers loved walk evening whistle guards closed zoo soon nyurka heard whistle start looking run meet help open cage door removed lock nyurka push door open nose learned open latch didn want bothered clean cage push lock cried later trying found push latch strong whack nose open door
mayor city york writing letter sudden funny look face matter mayor secretary feeling mayor shaking feeling ultimate auto arrived city ultimate auto means don re talking secretary look mayor leading window lot parked cars cars parked moving traffic moving moving look closely cars crawling maybe foot minute moving traffic city ultimate auto town waiting car ultimate auto jam traffic key lock moving thing city stop beginning biggest traffic jam nightmares daymares crazy feeling ultimate auto silly secretary tell course mayor re silly silly feelings writing letter
jamie comes kitchen breakfast granny sitting corner listening radio knitting making red hat jamie finished looks moment jamie thinks going say smiles goes knitting turns radio fixes sandwich jamie want eat jamie stays quiet kitchen granny pretending play yellow truck playing pushing truck slowly thinks king warm sun creeps quietly kitchen floor jamie remembers days king alive picture clear perfect happening king chasing yellow butterflies round round barking barking king sleep sun fat hen climbed sleep jamie friends swim pond king angry pond didn want lot jumping king tried friends skunk jamie lost woods getting dark king king showed home
mama asks jamie mama uncle john truck couldn busy things think granny fingers patting biscuit dough meatballs started cut biscuits hungry says jamie cutting biscuits mama uncle john meet daddy bringing home surprise soon jamie hears truck turning driveway jamie runs porch wait inside jamie calls father soon daddy comes carrying covered basket mama close puts basket middle kitchen floor smiles jamie uncle john comes wiping boots doormat looking pleased granny comes basket standing looking jamie smiling jamie asks inside hears tiny noise bark basket shaking jamie hears noise louder watch small brown paws poking rim basket lid pushed brown head soft ears bright brown eyes stare jamie lid goes squeaking struggling bottom basket
jamie dreams lying warm bed golden grass moon goes slowly stars shine morning jamie begins notice sound nearer sound heart earth beating sure easy hurrying promising stay forever close ear slow soft thump thumping promise dear jamie begins smile sleep hello king says dreaming beginning wake feels smiling hears saying hello room thump clank suddenly louder noise jamie awake sits bed moon fallen rim hill sky pale early morning light clank happening kitchen jamie bed tiptoes stairs leans corner looks kitchen dim corner room hears tiny scratching noise jamie turns light kitchen stove look says puppy look re mess puppy climbed box stove playing king red blanket scattered scraps paper kitchen floor
pond shown swarming tiny plants animals plants seen surface pond mat green scum microorganisms homes green scum stems leaves larger plants attached rocks twigs organisms prefer mud debris bottom pond visit pond pool slow moving stream bring number jars lids order collect samples places gather sample scums top water collect samples large plants materials bottom nearly fill collecting jar water stream pond school remove tops jars place warm light place conditions organisms jar multiply times increasing chances observe study drops water small samples microorganisms environments increase greatly number sample called culture save cultures later study microscope examine strands pond scum microscope low power lenses show scum slimy mass cells joined end end cells green coloring material called chlorophyll chemical process carried cells chlorophyll thread organisms belong group plants called algae singular alga
chapter examine number kinds cells found plants cells animals cells plants animals look alike cells part organism generally similar mass similar cells plants animals called tissue objects viewed microscope thin light pass plant tissues nearly transparent easily separated studied special treatment cut small wedge bulb onion separate wedge sections shown left peel thin tissue layer surface section lay tissue microscope slide add drop water place cover slip study tissue low power lens microscope note cells tissue general shape cells average number sides cells describe structures visible cell tissues thick allow light pass tissues viewed microscope tearing tissue small transparent regions torn edge transparent parts composed single layers cells prepare tear section plant leaf tearing slowly shown left look colorless sections torn edges
plants food animals need energy need food protein statements heard times making statements wanted accurate say plant cells food animal cells need energy plants animals composed entirely cells processes plants animals carry processes happen cells section complex chemical cells small part known presented processes studied greater detail advanced science books living things need energy order live grow energy need comes green plants high energy chemicals process photosynthesis energy foods eat consist non green plants mushrooms meat food sources energy fuels oil natural gas coal gasoline living things original source energy traced green plants energy trapping sun energy photosynthesis chemical reaction printed mitochondria page describes series chemical reactions cells release energy compare reaction describing photosynthesis chemical equation page describe burning sugar process occurs cells burning fact glucose combines directly oxygen found air
reasons going college reason learn important ideas taught high school reason develop special job skills taught high school students college reason reason reasons students attend colleges reason develop skills career past colleges popular colleges number graduating colleges greater number businesses needed recent college graduates find jobs learn skills large corporations earlier students schools colleges developed job skills courses found job opportunities result college graduates business schools technical institutes frequently found paying interesting jobs college graduates addition college graduate paid tuition began earning salary sooner result today students planned attend college giving thought college specific job skills look pictures college graduates read help wanted advertisements pages
animals special organs inside bodies exchange oxygen waste gases regular movement air organs called breathing humans whales breathe fishes worms organs part human breathing process shown mammals similar organs birds amphibians reptiles organs breathing organs commonly called organs respiration organs help provide oxygen food parts body energy needed organs diagram organs breathing page shows inside front human chest heart lungs removed muscles breathing labeled deep breath describe happens ribs breastbone look diagram decide muscles produced movement exhale air describe movement ribs breastbone decide muscles try breathe ribs touch abdomen breastbone describe happens inhale exhale note organ drawing called diaphragm sheet muscle separates chest abdomen diaphragm tightens pulls downward inhale moves exhale explain abdomen moves breathe model helps explain air enters leaves lungs
simple animals survive narrow range conditions temperature moisture types nutrients fall generally narrow range continue simple celled organisms temperature degrees slight nutrients organisms die inactive complex organisms exist wider range conditions digestive system permits eat wide variety foods changed usable substances brain permits react large temperature stimuli think organ systems considered chapter transport systems assist body cells keeping environment nearly ideal circulatory system surrounds cell environment rich nutrients cell needs circulatory system removes wastes poison cell remained skeletal muscular systems help move body favorable environments systems help body food move digestive system transport blood circulatory system blood carries oxygen lungs cells body blood brings lungs gases waste products processes cells addition role respiration blood serves purposes carries food body regulating chemicals chemicals help fight disease locate pulse shown picture fingers press lightly hollow wristbone cord bends thumb
tobacco widespread united states population smokes tobacco form cigarettes average smoker spends habit total sales tobacco united states billion yearly compared billion spent education tobacco entirely psychological effects nutrients chemicals essential health tobacco habit difficult stop habitual user exposed health risks adopting habit person carefully weigh arguments smoking smoke including tobacco smoke composed gases varying amounts tiny solid particles droplets chemicals chemists identified chemicals tobacco smoke listed table smokers begin habit adolescence nonsmokers choose begin habit later decision smoke adolescent problem based adolescent needs desires adolescents begin smoke wish mature sophisticated begin rebellion parents local laws seek discourage smoking young cigarette advertising undoubtedly important factor tobacco advertisements planned insecure individuals identify beautiful sophisticated women rugged handsome obviously popular socially secure suggest reasons begin smoke
abuse drugs takes forms chain smoking executive eats steady diet tranquillizers student smokes marijuana college student takes amphetamines cramming finals criminal heroin bored person drinks cocktails indulging forms drug abuse human body acts complex chemical machine foods added machine operates correctly poisonous chemicals machine breaks stops chemicals drugs found produce special effects human machine aspirin stops pain headaches coffee makes body feel tired insulin controls diabetes chemistry person body slightly body behave differently large doses drug reason medical drugs doctor advice major groups drugs identified affect brain nervous system narcotics stimulants depressants hallucinogens solvents narcotics depress brain nervous system induce sleep cover tensions leave individual dull condition stimulants coffee tea cola drinks pep pills tend reduce feeling tiredness effects strong stimulant pep pills wear period depression follows depressants sedatives alcohol sleeping pills depress brain nervous system user feels groggy able think clearly
diagram top page shows generations family family trees called pedigrees pedigrees aid study abnormal genetic traits symbol male pedigrees square symbol female circle trait studied shown darkened figures trait shown clear figures section study pedigrees understand family resemblances passed parent offspring term trait describe physical part body development controlled gene ear shape eye color hair color examples traits controlled genes body traits controlled genes inherited parents traits chapter controlled pair genes traits controlled combined effects pairs genes rare human trait development extra fingers toes gene developing normal number fingers gene pair normal genes trait ff pair genes extra fingers labeled ff persons ff genes develop extra fingers possibility exists individual inherit gene parent gene parent ff individual called hybrid develops extra fingers ff offspring develop trait ff individuals trait extra fingers dominant hybrid person
dan mother dad let grandma grandpa rags dan lots fun grandma shop mop pot let dan grandmother yes grandma let look bag check mop pot checkbook checkbook grandpa tucked bag grandma dan shop dan grandma pass shack shop dan woodshed shed shack wood grandma let look dan shut locked grandma let shop dan shop fun dan let grandma dan grandma shop dan grandma box shells top mother grandma look mops jug ship dad dan jug dan chip red bag zips lunch fit dan
grandma fix lunch mash bits codfish dish dan lunch grandma rash fish itch grandma don fish ham hash wish mash yam fix bits ham dan dan ham hash lunch grandma grandpa codfish hash rags bits fish grandpa dish ham hash dan dish rags lunch sid grandma grandpa dad van sid van dad tell miss dan grandma shop dan sid tell grandpa sid grandpa van grandma dan shop bags box grandpa took bags grandma dan mother dad miss let grandma sad kissed dan pack bag dan dan big let grandpa bus yes let grandma dan pack bag rags picked red wood peg
dan happy bus ran bus look pigs pen look big red horse fat sat bus yelled look hen chicks sang song chicks ducks pigs horses fat sit dan tom dan dan cat tom tom tom big tom boy tom dan big tom happy bus dan fun fun ran bus bus bang bang bang bang hang yelled ran bus ditch bus look bus fix yes kit wish luck don bus sit dan gas dan bus gas dan let look box tin chick
tim sitting bench looking dan tin chick chicken let fun lend cap gun dan let tim chicken took tim gun shot caps bang bang bang bang bang bang tim look wing bad bend tim wing fell lap end chicken dan tim picked wing looked looked dan dad mend dad van sam sid look mother dan happy dan tim luck dan mother kitchen bathroom bedroom tim mother look wing kitchen ran wind tim mother kitchen don look happy tim mother begged sad boy fix wing dan chicken don sad tim mother mend hung wing chicken boy send bill job tim tim took chicken dan happy tim dan ran look pam jim tin chicken dan jacket
lots jobs school bang bang bang fixing sandbox miss mills sandbox looks fit end room sand miss lock lend don bit sand send lunch job cook shop sells bags sand bags took school ripped red bands bags sand sand ran sandbox wind sand bend sand hands didn rubbed mopped neck cook room mend box books pam room school miss king pam tell story pam liked yes tell fish story pam story fishing pond big hook end fishing rod big bug hook pond fish
dan school bus passing mother jacket lunch looking books tablet pen dan mother look kitchen books tablet pen dan kitchen pen tan pants pants suds pen lend red pen mother hunt books tablet mother dan room hunt things dan looked yelled mother books tablet rags tablet bent red book dent cook mad mother dan room tell cook rags check things rags mother dan rags hunts hunts till dan mother look bench locked rags things dan mother lent pen school dad fond hunting fishing gus sid dad let fishing
dan sitting desk school room school bell rung cook dan look miss king ask box number disks room bell rings numbers cook left room dan look school helper room think box disks dan room cook box held disks big fell bang dan ask help lift big box passed let lift box dan lift took box cook room think sit desk numbers didn number disks school began numbers fun cook looked room thank getting disks dan didn dan cook thanked dan getting thanked getting box disks pam lots things left home liked play dolls
pam desk gift mother dad grandmother doll pam sat desk began letter thinking tell grandma doll bell rang pam ran look grandma grandpa big box grandpa pam things doll didn fit box grandma felt sad took bus home lift lid box pam looked box mother look things doll red silk jacket belt red silk hat grandma things pam grandpa doll bed chest match pam box chest thank grandma grandpa pam kissed grandma felt doll doll things pam bed kitchen milk took doll things room set desk fix look bed
dan felt bit sick began bumps mother rash mumps think chicken pox school don bed dan rash itch fun home set camp room pitched tent bed rags tent dan rags ranch horse fast rags began jump dan fell bed mother ran look bumps chicken pox big lump leg mother took rags kitchen dan rested bed felt lunch end lunch mother passed big dish don let melt dan didn let melt passed dish mother chicken pox pam dan lunch school jim tim benton home lunch didn school played fun pam dan home wet september jim tim lunch mrs benton let help jobs mrs benton picked lamps took kitchen boys
ago sun water friends lived earth sun visit water water returned visits sun asked water house water replied sun house big drive sun water wish visit build large house warn large place lot room sun promised build large house soon returned wife moon greeted broad smile sun told moon promised water began building large house entertain friend asked water visit water arrived called sun asked safe water enter sun answered yes tell friend water began flow fish water animals soon water knee deep asked sun safe sun yes
called middle ages discovered middle ages today kings queens lived stone castles knights battle dressed armor horses wore armor kings knights worked land lived small villages merchants lived small towns middle ages homes roads bad easy travel cars planes quickly place travel rode horses donkeys poor horses donkeys walked stayed home knew rest believed stories today true middle ages believed filled monsters liked hear stories strange animals stories sound foolish sound foolish middle ages story told country called abarimon abarimon feet turned backward think feet turned backward story fast runners
believed dragons middle ages dragons wings fly air wings stayed ground dragons feet feet looked snakes dragons friendly breathed fire ate dangerous dragon lived cave hide gold dragons love gold dragon kidnap princess princess inside cave father king paid dragon gold stories young knight put armor ride cave fight dragon young knight won battle find gold princess saved princess home father princess marry knight end story king queen middle ages sailors liked talk adventures strange looking animals names today sailors home told stories strange looking animals sounded monsters sailors seen mermaid sea mermaid part woman part fish hair liked comb rode waves
miss tibbett took typewriter repair shop type need stuck key repair machine promise won wrong miss tibbett want floor friends flowers want able kick football float lake fly kite typewriter repair shop miss tibbett opened case put piece paper machine began type feel fantastic fine fly fire fence fort grow fat flat find friend finally free fresh fine free flowing found looked type menu restaurant worry friday fish dinner fixed typewriter miss tibbett learned look typed soon saw menu ran typewriter repair shop repair call typed note left machine note key fixed fine ut key ent roken
doorbell rang lisa galloped help mother open door heather lisa favorite babysitter walked heather bent hi lis haircut tickle neck asked lisa opened heather coat heather hockey practice coat wore short shorts purple orange stripes chased knee socks lisa heather heather liked read books aloud laughed hard silly parts voice spooky scary parts drawing called lisa lis mother left lisa heather collage lisa liked paste bumpy smooth bright colored things paper design big macaroni small macaroni white buttons brown buttons big shiny gold heather cut pictures magazine started raining working collage rough windy rain beat house rattled windows suddenly darkness white light thunder rumbled sky thunder heather dropped scissors held arms chair ready comes flash lightning matter heather asked lisa scared
circus hear brass band smell candy peanuts look big ring lion tamer waiting big cats slowly big cats growling don look friendly lion tamer afraid hand holds hoop whip lions jump hoop run open cage lion tamer follows eyes wait lion won jump lion tamer holds hoop head mouth opens wide smile slowly brings hoop circles ring taking eyes lion lion jumps tamer throat sit wait afraid breathe goes lion jumps hoop runs cage lion tamer safe smiles bows claps look lion tamer circus ring standing empty stage circus ring cage lions believe marcel marceau look face covered white makeup picture left hand page wearing white pants gray vest striped shirt hat flower marceau wears outfit bip clown
doug knew scrappy real marlene brothers called scrappy lick smallest loved watch small woman television floor crooks karate chop scrappy knew moves real secret small kids look mean tried fight parker plan going link alley tyson tyson house told kids want buy blue skate scooters white stripes going bring posse move gully ends escape didn gully doug alley dope parker scrappy confesses link confesses parker lead loot skates scooters give scooter owner skates justice suspects suspects chester swapper pete kid pretends fall skates tyson tyson forget forget suspects cold gully clock tomorrow
watched doug broke posse rounded corner run passed tyson tyson house caught eye slowed turned saw doug walking tyson put white sign taped brick wall front house top important notice hand printed crayon caught doug eye raced past hand drawn crayon picture roller skates doug read sign read slowly zowie thought act fast tearing sign holding raced corner alley scrappy backed link wall posse couldn escape stop doug shouted stop link wilson didn listened scrappy winding karate chop woman television doug acted fast holding sign crashed circle closed watch action caught scrappy arm land link stop shouted holding sign high hand read parker stepped took sign doug read seconds looked foolish seconds took
mexican art found home san francisco california mexican museum shows mexican mexican american art mexican museum mexico san francisco perfect city museum million mexican americans live california americans visit museum enjoy art mexico director founder museum peter rodriguez rodriguez artist twenty visited mexico saw beautiful art mexico wanted rodriguez worked dream opening museum finally november mexican museum opened rodriguez gave museum collection mexican art pieces art museum folk art mexican today museum shows collections kinds art visitors learn collection museum staff staff talks tours programs english spanish lauro lopez painted called bodegon con pina means pineapple group things move jesus reyes ferreira began paint fifty horse caballito painted thin paper candelario medrano lopez mexican folk artist colorful creature known nagual
lake lay serene peaceful left end ridge ridge rocky end girl crouched tent intruder sun pines undergrowth greens browns closing magical shimmer lake girl hung rocks waterline children clinging foot tunnel told ten feet maybe twelve feet couple body lengths paused looking lake lead told lead hold hand took hold left arm forcing balance rocks hold arm wrist grabbed arm fingers stronger expected close felt shy calm jump power told faster didn figuring working fast head jump quickest tunnel jump backward jump frontward spoke carefully hit facing tunnel
slender dark haired woman unaware stir creating choked scorching factory brushing past huge earthenware pots dry white lead nodded pleasantly dusty workmen tended burly foreman looked astonishment nudged assistant murmured dr alice hamilton save lives countless american workers end factory dr hamilton entered office edward cornish company vice president quietly poisoned ridiculous cornish sputtered model plant afraid agree alice hamilton cornish outraged door office called passing workman bewildered laborer shuffled uncertainly gleaming mahogany office lead sick vice president demanded frightened barely able speak english shook head stammered wave hand cornish dismissed workman triumphantly alice hamilton replied breathing lead dust fumes oxide furnaces poison poison
june morning australian early winter sun low fresh touch air young stockrider rode kenny house pulled pepperina trees tired tense tongue tied choked message liza needed mcneil hut ten miles sun beginning set approached young irish immigrant bark roofed slab hut boughs towering eucalyptus wrong shouting mcneil children meet mcneil giant waiting help swing saddle thank heaven wrong amy don awful pain nurse ran low hut mrs mcneil grabbed liza hand pulled cot amy blonde lay unable move golden hair awry bedclothes eyes filled terror body twisted beneath coverings liza known gay child shy whimpering knee drawn chin foot pointed downward heel twisted arms lay chest elbow bent nurse cautiously tried straightening arm leg child screeched mother asked liza answer felt beaten kneeled prayed knew send telegram medical advice studied girl
cold sun poured edge rimrock aldo leopold veteran forest ranger drained steaming coffee cup saddled began patrol high plateau country southwest icy wind descended trailless slope slowly keeping eye deer grim fact finding mission range mule deer spending worst winter decades starving thousands mexico arizona fresh college aldo heard cry meaning save deer nature lovers conservationists deer appeared timid creatures defenseless savage wilderness villains bobcats wolves coyotes mountain lions humane thing save deer killing predators conservationists joined campaign hunters enjoyed taking big cats received bounty kill supporting crusade stockmen interested deer preventing occasional loss lamb calf wild animal total effect campaign slaughter range large predators hunted diligently species exterminated southwest story double twist unexpected cruel aldo leopold foretold sad ending act tragedy unfolding eyes
recurrent pilgrimage propriety sense formality understand deeply meaning formality formality meaning religious experience large natural expression spirit taimpe society kiowa tribe dating sun dance known origin accounts woman ko knew things dead told story young knew prairie dangerous enemies high place kind mountain overgrown sagebrush mesquite tree young heard voice strange troublesome afraid climbed tree hid branches tree watched approach enemy enemy outfitted regalia wolf clan wore hide wolf carried bow arrows wolflike crept bushes moving strangely crouching peering beneath tree stood
thinking acquiring cat house care quick sketch felis domesticus party worked mean worked characters including memorable period bidding assorted resident felines cats course re chiselers panhandlers sharpers shameless flatterers re full schemes plans plots counterplots wiles guiles confidence read character hour psychiatrist milligram oil pour break definitely smarter reason love em cat haters try floor argument cats smart tricks dogs cats tricks won re hep stand beg food advance give anyway rolling playing dead speaking kitty cats incidentally warm successful marriage teach place household thing kitty organize home comfortable basis basis eat wants pleasure
grandma cynthia murray palmer lived henning tennessee pop fifty miles north memphis summer grew visited women relatives grandma age aunt liz murray taught oklahoma aunt till merriwether jackson tennessee considerably younger niece cousin georgia anderson kansas city kansas supper dishes washed seats talk rocking chairs front porch scrunch listening grandma squeaky chair dusk deepening night lightning bugs flicking shadowy honeysuckles talked family story passed generations whistling blur lights southbound panama limited train whooshing henning signaled bedtime talking places events didn understand instance ol massa ol missus plantation early gathered white folks lots bad things folks couldn figure guessed talked happened ago grandma speaking past excitedly thrust finger exclaiming wasn big young un astound gray haired relate age
annie dodge wauneka navajo navajos largest tribe country vast reservation sprawls km sq miles mexico arizona utah colorado mountain peaks capped crowns snow towering feet land strange centuries rock formations deep red orange yellow stretches desert shadowy canyons pine forests grazing lands areas planted fields coming spaniards ago navajos shepherds horsemen women weave beautiful rugs wool sheep developed weaving fine art skilled silver producing finest jewelry found deal american customs navajos follow traditional ancient ceremonies alive indian clothes worn especially women prefer live navajo style house low round building log walls plastered mud smokehole top roof fire center floor windows furniture house looks beehive called hogan house annie born april hogan belonged mother annie father noted henry chee dodge greatest navajo leaders
eckels glanced vast office mass tangle snaking humming wires steel boxes aurora flickered orange silver blue sound gigantic bonfire burning parchment calendars hours piled high set aflame touch hand burning instant beautifully reverse eckels remembered wording advertisements letter chars ashes dust coals golden salamanders green leap roses sweeten air white hair turn irish black wrinkles vanish fly seed flee death rush beginnings suns rise western skies set glorious easts moons eat opposite custom cupping chinese boxes rabbits hats returning fresh death seed death green death beginning touch hand merest touch hand unbelievable eckels breathed light machine thin face real machine shook head makes think election badly yesterday running results thank goodness keith won fine president united states yes desk re lucky deutscher gotten worst kind dictatorship
mike called pam mike stayed bed don feel mike asked pam mike say thing bed mike called dad dressed don want place mike kind place asked dad sit mike sit place don don cry dad sing draw race play kind place mike don stop crying mike dad sit talk mike sat scrubbed face blow mike blow dad tell crying mike blow thing called show tell show tell asked dad show things pam tell show tell fun mike don want stand talk don want girls boys talk fun dad tapped face hand plan girls boys don face show tell mike hopped bed
say healthy person terry sure haven cold flu pauline knees don hurt jog easy run minutes ross healthy hay fever season feel terrible teenagers talking bodies function terry keeps track past illnesses pauline aware body presently performing changing ross knows expect body times future knowing body performed changing expect important healthy health health organization defines health complete physical mental social merely absence disease infirmity words free physical problems necessarily mean healthy mental social considered depressed healthy healthy trouble law read health organization definition realistic experience complete physical mental social health organization decided definition century leading death changed united states developed countries look table page beginning century leading death pneumonia influenza tuberculosis
noticed recently spending free jogging biking playing tennis exercising lets break daily routine boredom keeps physically fit keeping physically fit means simply exercising muscles prevent injuries muscles heart blood vessels top condition body movement greatest exercise helps tone muscles strengthen heart understand happens body exercise able choose activities asleep muscles flexed extended sitting desk knee hip elbow joints flexed muscles remain flexed bent position temporarily shorten tighter morning stand sitting body stiff sluggish fast paced activities warm body chapter general specific warm ups suggested sports recreational events wake morning simple stretching movements feel karen sandy athletes enjoy competitive sports recreational activities karen flexible agile coordinated equilibrium balance
emotions feelings grow learn express hide feelings ways patterns habits adopt handling emotions form important part developing personality combination feelings thoughts behavior makes success finding ways meet emotional needs determines reach adulthood mature healthy personality basic emotional needs basic physical needs emotional needs satisfied person enjoy feel sense security satisfy emotional needs feel frustrated lonely insecure feel don purpose worthwhile place unmet emotional needs person unhappy emotionally sick disturbed emotions lead physical illness happens feelings transferred unconsciously body result aches pains physical problems important understand disturbed emotions feelings problems traced unmet emotional needs need give receive love affection strong human beings need exists beginning end newborn babies respond held cuddled children show strong need exchange affection family friends adolescents needs babies children
start part family baby wanted loved family child chance love protection family child learn receive praise criticism express anger responsibility gradually growing child learns independent basic human needs handled family affects person attitudes decisions family basic unit society kinds families families parents families generations parents children include grandparents relatives family unit matter family structure members family affect emotionally socially economically feeling happy members family earn spending money help family budget aware impact family members realize effect relationships family deal moods decisions ability plays roles behave differently role typical roles teenager include child student friend member group team babysitter newspaper deliverer
heard expressions chip block runs family photographs ancestors characteristics hair eye color height facial appearance generation characteristics inherited heredity passing traits characteristics parents children process carried complex structures called genes genes blueprint body thousands genes neatly arranged paired structures called chromosomes chromosomes inside nucleus cell body mature red blood cells nucleus chromosomes sperm egg cells half total number chromosomes characteristics depend genes environment greatly affect genes portions large molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid dna dr james watson dr francis crick found model dna looked spiral staircase twisted ladder sides ladder strands dna twisted rungs ladder chemical compounds called bases bases found ladder special order order list instructions tells cell body blueprint talked earlier dna instructs cell dna production cells
keeping environment healthy responsibility government society individual today problems solved order save natural resources protect environmental dangers government passed laws environment safe healthy live dangers affect health future success laws control dangers depends cooperation individual knowledge environmental problems part safer place neighbors future generations air breathe gases oxygen nitrogen carbon dioxide amounts live areas air pollutants harmful health air pollution common problem cities automobile exhaust industrial wastes air pollution cities basic pollutants air carbon monoxide sulfur oxide nitrogen oxide hydrocarbons organic compounds hydrogen carbon small particles float air carbon monoxide colorless odorless gas poisonous large amounts carbon monoxide air comes automobile exhausts nitrogen oxide hydrocarbons produced products engine combustion vehicles road greater possibility pollution
white blood cell called leukocyte increase number white blood cells disease called leukemia present white blood cells grow ten times usual number leukemia known scientists think disease cancer white blood cells disease found young deaths researchers trying develop cure leukemia drugs ray treatments slow growth disease disease slowed lasts longer treatment percent leukemia live sickness leukemia live longer kinds leukemia live chronic leukemia scientists making ongoing study find treatments control cure leukemia diseases blood clot slowly disease hemophilia person hemophilia bleed death easily slightest bump scrape dangerous problem disease hemophilia bleed inside body especially joints small operation person clotting problem patient blood tested clotting operations
lungs hang chest cavity left chest cavity completely enclosed airtight walls chest cavity ribs muscles ribs breastbone floor chest cavity formed diaphragm large sheet muscle separates abdominal cavity chest lungs inside chest cavity covered smooth moist membranes called pleura pleura let lungs chest walls move easily infection injury makes pleura rough sticky condition called pleurisy makes breathing difficult painful quiet normal breathing adult takes liters pint air breath amount air eighth lungs hold person runs hard takes deep gulps air fills lungs lung space need ordinary breathing extra lung space important injuries disease present healthy parts lungs carry needed exchange air injured parts healing fact part lung lung removed body lung removed cancer present lung healthy person live comfortable
hormones chemicals act body messengers travel body tell organs speed slow activity hormones regulate systems body thanks hormones function single living set unrelated organs body parts hormones produced endocrine glands endocrine glands located head neck trunk glands glands body ducts tubes lead parts body hormones produced pass directly cells gland bloodstream pass fluid surrounds cells organ act reason endocrine glands called glands internal secretion ductless glands pituitary gland located deep inside brain endocrine glands thought influence fact called master gland pituitary hormone called thyroid stimulating hormone hormone thyroid produce hormone hormone produced pituitary called acth adrenocorticotrophic hormone hormone makes adrenal glands produce hormones pituitary hormones ovaries testes pituitary gland produces hormones control body growth hormones bones grow unusually large
land firemen doctors lawyers indian chiefs lived boy named donny duncan wanted writer donny tenth birthday father gave big black book filled blank pages book cover printed gold word journal re going writer journal father writers journals donny wrote journal night bed wrote wars spaceships huge dinosaurs happy wrote asked teacher help writer told journal rule remember told rule write donny home wrote things knew wrote mother told stopped smoking donny knew smoked warm night donny seen mother donny asked mother leaned close donny smelled smoke don tell father mother worry donny didn tell father mother stopped smoking wrote journal wrote older sister alice love boy named andy
donny told father candy didn afraid longer waited afraid tell father wrote journal sunday end summer friend donny parents visit editor publishing company donny asked editor explained helped decide books company publish hard writer book published donny asked writer told donny book accepted trying writer wonder written donny let written editor maybe help donny parents fixing dinner editor read donny journal quiet read laughed didn say finished donny donny tell meant trying nice ten asked place worked course donny agreed writer writer real book donny parents thought nice friend try help donny
visiting family photograph picture sitting card table table tall skinny house entirely cards funny remember house angles peaks remember afraid smile mother took picture fear house fall course fall soon picture card houses fell cat fault flash camera frightened jumped table house folded parachute hits water miserable say remember patience took build card house took hours maybe started cards rested carefully exactly angle put cards walls cards ceiling floor rested fence side front door course passed door fingers afraid houses fall
heard called de say claude de bus wrote la mer means sea famous piece music written sea child boston hard believe seen ocean winnipeg instance smack middle canada ocean wanted tell winnipeg sea facts figures send picture postcard coney island wouldn give real quality sea wouldn show feels look smell hear friend winnipeg need impression sea facts figures brings subject hand impressionism sea piece debussy called impressionistic piece music tells facts describe sea real terms color movement suggestion idea impressionist artists mind poets painters composers re french course real job music describe job music give pleasure
annie navaho rippling sand high copper red bluffs distance low mesa snug hogan pumpkins yellow cornfield tassels corn turning brown morning gate night pen hogan opened wide sheep herded pasture desert annie watched sheep carried pails water cornfield weekday walked bus stop waited yellow bus took school brought home evenings sat grandmother feet listened stories times ago annie grandmother age girl seen ten harvestings mouse skittered jerked hard dirt floor hogan annie grandmother laughed prepared fried bread evening meal burned bit black edges laughed times grandmother sat small annie knew annie cover thin knees warm blanket grandmother learn weave granddaughter annie touched web wrinkles crisscrossed grandmother face slowly hogan
girls giggling holding hands mouths funny teacher need shoe annie looked boards floor shiny black beetle crawled cracks door opened teacher inside shoe hand passed annie desk touched shoulder smiled saw playing tricks teacher looked annie room school annie waited timidly hammering heart teacher desk want mother father school tomorrow asked annie teacher shoe annie face hot hands cold turned ran climb bus finally bus stop hopped slowly trudged home stopped loom rug higher waist night curled blanket slept lightly awakened dawn sound mother sheepskin grandmother quiet hump blanket annie heard father loud sleeping breathing sound earth howling coyote desert dim light early morning annie crept night pen sheep sleeping
martha liked pea soup pots pots pea soup thing george pea soup george hated pea soup hard tell martha george eat martha soup ate ate soup stand pea soup drop martha kitchen george put rest soup shoes table think ate martha saw kitchen home pea soup shoes martha george saw tell hate pea soup martha want feel bad george don silly martha friends tell feel think tell george hate pea soup eat glad george cookies martha george friend katy lived house sea lived father mrs mrs took care things father worked hard
friend katy friend father sam katy sea gull meet father maybe katy ask fall father meet sam told katy sam katy called looked looked sam katy feel bad katy forget sam sam rain sam sleep night sam father meet sam katy sadly sam winter katy looked sam missed hope sam katy don think sam mrs yes katy friend spring father let sailing katy liked sail katy father sailed saw sea gulls gulls katy sam katy glad sam father katy sam home sam nest garden wants katy sam surprise katy eggs nest
rat walked accident lion paws lion allowed escape unharmed rat thanked lion repay kindness lion laughed tiny creature help lord jungle thought months later lion hunting forest fell trap roared fury struggled escape animals heard lion rushed find lion asked turn help weak creatures help lord jungle rat saw lion trouble ran help gnawed gnawed net lion freed rat patience hard able lion strength rage lived poor cheerful shoe maker happy sang children loved stand round window listen door shoe maker lived rich sit night count gold morning bed sleep sound shoe maker singing
happy lion home hot dangerous plains africa hunters lie wait guns lovely french town brown tile roofs gray shutters happy lion house town zoo large rock garden surrounded moat middle park flower beds bandstand early morning francois keeper son stopped school say bonjour happy lion afternoons monsieur dupont schoolmaster stopped home say bonjour happy lion evenings madame pinson knitted bench bandstand left saying au revoir happy lion summer sundays town band filed bandstand play waltzes polkas happy lion closed eyes listen loved music friend say bonjour offer meat tidbits happy lion morning happy lion found keeper forgotten close door house hmm don walk added thought maybe walk friends town nice return visits happy lion walked park bonjour friends busy sparrows bonjour happy lion answered busy sparrows bonjour friend quick red squirrel sat tail bit walnut
fine fox traveled forest reached side thirsty saw pail milk woman set gathered wood fire noticed fox lapped milk woman angry grabbed knife chopped tail fox began cry woman give tail sew place friends laugh give milk give tail fox dried tears find cow dear cow begged give milk give woman sew tail place cow replied give milk bring grass fox called field beautiful field give grass cow give milk milk woman sew tail place return friends field called bring water fox ran stream begged water stream answered bring jug fox found fair maiden sweet maiden give jug fetch water give field grass feed cow milk give woman sew tail place return friends
skin horse lived longer nursery brown coat bald patches showed seams underneath hairs tail pulled string bead necklaces wise seen succession mechanical toys arrive boast swagger break mainsprings pass knew toys turn nursery magic strange wonderful playthings wise experienced skin horse understand real asked rabbit lying side side nursery fender nana tidy room mean things buzz inside stick handle real skin horse thing happens child loves play loves real hurt asked rabbit skin horse truthful real don mind hurt happen wound asked bit bit happen skin horse takes happen break easily sharp edges carefully
junior books program read discuss stories story chosen believe enjoy meanings likely find speak meanings story talking ways explaining happens story lion rat author animals say weak help lion think excuse helping lion think show lion animal kind comes rescue want suggest answers job discussion leaders help find meanings story asking questions important questions ask sure answers question lion rat think questions answered correctly times found answer satisfies leaders share questions puzzle call kind discussion shared inquiry shared inquiry free answer leaders questions meaning story equally free answer say moment
sure question fact interpretation evaluation decide start answer question thirty seconds begin look answer looking answer inside story question fact interpretation think answer pointing author words question factual think disagree answer think answer talking happens story question interpretive find going story answer talking experiences act question evaluation questions interpretation fact evaluation play part junior books program equal importance interpretive questions important purpose junior books program increase understanding read encouraging think author meaning factual questions important leaders ask participants opinions meaning story questions evaluation important program needed discover author meaning reason chance talk story act character place
miller died leaving sole riches sons mill donkey cat estate easily shared lawyer notary called soon gobbled meagre inheritance eldest son mill donkey youngest cat inconsolable poor share brothers earn decent living combine eaten cat muff skin starve cat heard words pretended calm confident tones worry master give sack pair boots brambles find badly cat master put faith suggestion seen perform ingenious tricks catch rats mice hanging upside feet lying flour bin pretending dead decided worth trying cat things asked buckled boots smartly slung sack shoulder holding cords forepaws warren large numbers rabbits bran sow thistles sack stretching ground dead waited young rabbit unused wiles hop sack
fisherman wife lived hut seashore fisherman hook line catch fish angled angled sitting rod looking clear water suddenly line bottom water drew found fish hook fish fisherman listen let real fish enchanted prince land taste put water let swim fisherman need words matter speak let swim cast sea fisherman home wife hut husband wife caught catch huge fish enchanted prince let wish asked wife wish dear wife dreadful live hut wished cottage dare say give quick
days countrywomen wore riding hoods warm dry rode market child living village low forest vain vain couldn pass puddle peeping apple cheeks yellow hair happy hours comb glass sit window pleased fine clothes seen strange woman riding horseback suddenly violent longing riding hood scarlet cloth strings gave mother peace begged pestered continually flew passion sulked pedlar village rest wares showed mother strip scarlet cloth sell cheap partly child partly quiet bought yards cloth cut stitched hood usual shape fashion midget size ribbons strings child saw choked delight peacocked chance grew vainer neighbours seeing wearing weathers yellow curls dangling cheeks bright blue eyes looking hood called red riding hood
country ashanti edge west african forest named anansi known miles anansi hunter worker warrior specialty clever liked outwit liked live things country knew anansi trouble thinking ways anansi sitting village named osansa idea anansi don set fish traps sell fish rich osansa knew anansi reputation food eat sell rich don set fish traps ha fish anansi need fool partner osansa named anene idea anansi don set fish traps sell fish rich anene knew anansi listen thoughtfully sounds fine idea catch fish
nobleman took wife proudest haughtiest woman imaginable daughters character took mother side husband daughter sweetness inherited mother kindly women sooner wedding stepmother showed ill nature bear qualities young girl daughters likeable gave roughest house washed dishes stairs cleaned madam room rooms misses slept top house attic lumpy mattress sisters slept panelled rooms modern beds mirrors top toe poor girl bore patience dare complain father scolded entirely wife thumb finished chimney corner sit cinders reason known house cinderbottom younger stepsister rude called cinderella cinderella spite ragged clothes fifty times beautiful sisters superbly dressed
palace sea dwelt rich lord wife children living granddaughter face seen hated bitterly birth favourite daughter died nurse brought baby swore live die liked look face lived turned sat window looking sea weeping tears lost daughter till white hair beard grew shoulders twined round chair crept chinks door tears dropping windowledge wore channel stone ran river sea granddaughter grew care clothe nurse give dish scraps kitchen torn petticoat ragbag servants palace drive house blows mocking words calling tattercoats pointing bare feet shoulders till ran crying hide bushes grew eat wear spending days fields lanes gooseherd companion play merrily pipe hungry cold tired forgot troubles fell dancing flock noisy geese partners
junior books program read discuss number stories stories chosen reasons believe enjoy believe story meanings likely find believe discussions meanings stories affect look speak meanings story talking ways story interpreted ways author wants think feel words junior books program search meanings read discuss story search center words puss boots story read author say cat lord hunted mice relaxation think cat hunts mice food author puss fun times search meaning passage story author puss boots harder ogre ogre form lion boots help puss goes brambles author difficulty lion chasing
read story divide trying follow happens story deciding spend trying figure story means author trying tell feel words important remember read think story try interpret story lose fun discovering meaning lose chance think meaning applies lives main purpose junior books program interpretation helping develop habit asking read wonder author means interpretation begins reading selection reading try writing responses selection responses mean questions thoughts feelings author words form underlining passages writing comments putting question marks margin book matter important note responses hard responses head harder try connect responses turn questions don write getting ready shared inquiry read pencil pen hand
spoke earlier importance noting responses story writing trying turn responses questions responses turned questions examples kinds questions ask story shared inquiry questions interpretation questions fact questions evaluation questions interpretation ask give opinion author meaning support opinion evidence selection answers questions interpretation depend memory author explain scenes actions story figure reasons read lines story ideas mean questions interpretation answer author kaddo call ask extra corn students think author show rich likely generous think author wants show kaddo taking advice later offer excuse didn wrong thing building wall corn feed questions fact ask remember author unlike questions interpretation questions fact depend memory answer
gardener wife longed son chanced cola matteo husband mountain gather bundle faggots home opened found pretty serpent twigs sight sapatella wife heaved deep sigh alas serpents children words serpent spoke children bargain love mother sapatella hearing serpent speaking nearly fainted plucking courage affection offer content care fixed corner house live gave food eat serpent grew grown big cola matteo gardener listen wish married heart cola matteo look serpent try match serpent talking easy understand want king daughter wed ask king tell serpent demands
king ordered brought astonished seeing girl undertake thing doctors kingdom failed thought harm trying asked grannonia grannonia answered succeed promise give husband king looked son dead answered give safe sound give sound safe fair give husband son darkened chamber prince anointed blood ailed grannonia saw prince hearty bade king promise king turned son son moment ago dead believe promised maiden cured husband enable perform promise love bear gratitude obliges pay debt prince heard words sir free prove love bear pledged faith woman consent break word
chancellor feeling hot suddenly read rules rabbit certainly twenty pedigree showed highest birth rabbit ambitious appointed king successor conditions let race introduction king competitors end chancellor airily rabbit rabbit bowed graceful manner king queen king stared turned chancellor chancellor shrugged shoulders entry lack validity means majesty explained rabbit king laughed suddenly race chancellor afterward race started young lord calomel cheered coming majesties rabbit finished course lounging royal pavilion style majesty rabbit turning king altogether promising youth king grimly propose trouble rest competitors test place racing majesty fair lordship
say days city addis ababa young arha boy country gurage city servant rich merchant haptom hasei haptom hasei rich owned money buy bored tired knew cold night damp wind blowing plateau haptom called arha bring wood fire arha finished haptom began talk cold stand speaking wonder stand highest peak mount sululta coldest winds blow entire night blankets clothing die don arha wouldn foolish thing gain foolish thing spend night haptom willing bet couldn sure courageous stand naked mount sululta entire night die arha affair bet tell haptom sure bet anyway
days emperor alive cook palace sans souci janot emperor eating dinner wife today top mountain supervise building fortress cold janot cook emperor cold emperor replied contradicts emperor janot janot cook emperor janot say cold cold janot emperor cold emperor stay night clothes heat kind die janot cold emperor annoyed argue emperor tonight top mountain stay clothing fire dawn alive sun comes give hundred acres ground dead certainly write tomb lies fool argues emperor evening soldiers took janot top mountain highest tower fortress janot took clothes cold sun wind began blow damp mists gathered mountain peak
pleasant warmth air revived felt hungry vast splendid palace deep silence reigned tired roaming empty rooms galleries stopped room smaller rest clear fire burning couch drawn cosily thinking prepared expected sat wait till soon fell sweet sleep extreme hunger wakened hours table dinner drawn close lost beginning meal hoping soon thank considerate host appeared sleep awoke completely refreshed sign fresh meal dainty cakes fruit prepared table elbow naturally timid silence began terrify resolved search rooms sign palace garden winter sun shone birds sang flowers bloomed air soft sweet merchant ecstasies saw heard meant
happy nestful baby mice big half thumb pink hairless pink shut eyes pink tails threads mousewife loved eldest girl called flannelette pattern grey flannel days thought busy husband digestion afternoon opposite wall friend certainly look crumbs mice babies asleep hole quiet mousewife began think dove presently tucked nest carefully window sill hungry needed peas drooping nearly exhausted eaten scarcely cowered wings kissed beak known feathers soft breast warm thought tut tut mousewife body things running pretended scold tear end whisker poor dove
prepared questions interpretive doubt answers addition questions specific questions specific show immediately problem interpretation story questions read story carefully write specific questions mean questions unimportant details story deal consider important problems interpretation question serpent author birds fox killed order prince saved question leading discussion ideas including fox kill birds tell princess blood needed story written prince hurts head flying trouble questions specific don think answers question story happy ending main idea story ask questions cinderella puss boots stories read questions hard think vague directions hard act imagine trying date friend meet downtown saturday afternoon quality prepared questions clear
junior books discussions selected stories earlier meeting cinderella tattercoats reading selections meeting find thinking ways stories alike instance reading foolish water discuss question trusting nature foolish result eaten trusting nature youngest son results gaining king favor princess advantages asking questions relate story discovering connections stories result ideas meaning story answering question asked start think god approved foolish complaining begin consider importance deeds youngest son performs water questions try relate story qualities prepared questions interpretive questions doubt answer believe answered story specific clear meeting try write interpretive questions relate fire mountain janot cooks emperor questions ways stories alike
high city tall column stood statue happy prince gilded thin leaves fine gold eyes bright sapphires large red ruby glowed sword hilt admired beautiful weathercock remarked town councillors wished gain reputation artistic tastes added fearing think unpractical happy prince asked mother boy crying moon happy prince dreams crying glad happy muttered disappointed gazed wonderful statue looks angel charity children cathedral bright scarlet cloaks clean white pinafores mathematical master seen ah dreams answered children mathematical master frowned looked severe approve children dreaming night flew city swallow friends egypt weeks stayed love beautiful reed met early spring flying river big yellow moth attracted slender waist stopped talk
morning water rat put head hole bright beady eyes stiff grey whiskers tail bit black india rubber ducks swimming pond looking lot yellow canaries mother pure white real red legs trying teach stand heads water society stand heads saying showed ducks paid attention young advantage society disobedient children cried water rat deserve drowned kind answered duck beginning parents patient ah feelings parents water rat family fact married intend love friendship higher nobler rarer devoted friendship pray idea duties devoted friend asked green linnet sitting willow tree hard overheard conversation
sea beloved whale ate fishes ate starfish garfish crab dab plaice dace skate mate mackereel pickereel truly twirly eel fishes find sea ate mouth till small fish left sea small stute fish swam whale ear harm whale stood tail hungry small stute fish small stute voice noble generous cetacean tasted whale nice small stute fish nice nubbly fetch whale sea froth tail stute fish swim latitude fifty north longitude forty west magic find sitting raft middle sea pair blue canvas breeches pair suspenders forget suspenders beloved jack knife shipwrecked mariner fair tell infinite resource sagacity whale swam swam latitude fifty north longitude forty west fast swim raft middle sea wear pair blue canvas breeches pair suspenders remember suspenders beloved jack knife found single solitary shipwrecked mariner trailing toes water
town mouse visit cousin country rough ready cousin loved town friend heartily welcome beans bacon cheese bread offer offered freely town mouse turned nose country fare understand cousin put poor food course expect country show live town week wonder stood country sooner mice set town arrived town mouse residence late night want refreshment journey polite town mouse took friend grand dining room found remains fine feast soon mice eating jellies cakes nice suddenly heard growling barking country mouse dogs house answered country mouse music dinner moment door flew open huge mastiffs mice scamper run
ago grandfathers children doctor dolittle john dolittle means proper doctor knew lot lived town called marsh folks young knew sight walked street high hat say goes doctor clever dogs children run follow crows lived church tower caw nod heads house lived edge town small garden large wide lawn stone seats weeping willows hanging sister sarah dolittle housekeeper doctor looked garden fond animals kinds pets gold fish pond bottom garden rabbits pantry white mice piano squirrel linen closet hedgehog cellar cow calf lame horse twenty age chickens pigeons lambs animals favorite pets dab dab duck jip dog baby pig polynesia parrot owl sister grumble animals house untidy
soon doctor began money sister sarah bought dress happy animals sick stay doctor house week getting sit chairs lawn want liked doctor house heart refuse asked stay getting pets sitting garden wall smoking pipe evening italian organ grinder round monkey string doctor saw monkey collar tight dirty unhappy took monkey italian gave shilling told organ grinder angry wanted monkey doctor told didn punch nose john dolittle strong wasn tall italian saying rude things monkey stayed doctor dolittle home animals house called chee chee common word monkey language meaning ginger
goldfish lived sea days fishes lived perfectly happy care avoid net floated water fish warned king neptune father avoid net days bid goldfish enjoyed glorious swimming days days blue green water low close sand shells pearls coral big rocks anemones grew clusters gay flowers seaweed waved frills fans red green yellow swam high surface sea white caps chased waves rose mountains glass tumbled crash goldfish top saw swimming bright blue water gold fish golden round jelly fish times distant water dark blue bright saw silver fish met sea round shape times swim sideways water pointed silver fins goldfish felt jealousy gold fish silver fish fell love sight longed able swim
read story divide trying follow action deciding spend trying figure story means author trying tell feel words important recall evaluate read try interpret story lose pleasure discovering meaning lose opportunity apply meaning lives junior books program stress interpretation helping develop habit asking continually wonder author means interpretation begins reading selection reading main concern writing responses selection responses mean questions thoughts feelings author words form underlining passages writing comments putting question marks margin matter important note responses hard responses head harder try connect responses turn questions don write preparation shared inquiry read pencil pen hand read responses sources
suggested try write questions selection section want talk qualities prepared questions quality questions write discussion interpretive interpretive questions provide ways explore author meaning purpose shared inquiry quality look prepared questions doubt answers questions answer think answered correctly sure doubt answers prepared questions fairly answered discussing selection read participants say express lot opinions pinned evidence selection addition prepared questions specific questions specific show immediately problem interpretation selection questions read selection carefully write specific questions mean questions trivial points selection shoul deal consider important problems interpretation question story dr dolittle author money nuisance dr dolittle
king fell ill give half kingdom cure wise gathered decide king cured knew wise thought cure king find happy shirt put king king cured king emissaries search happy traveled wide kingdom find happy completely satisfied rich ailing healthy poor rich healthy bad wife children bad complain finally late night king son passing poor hut heard say god praised finished eaten fill lie sleep want king son rejoiced gave orders shirt carried king money wanted emissaries shirt happy poor shirt raven built nest island young hatched began carrying island mainland
paris lived boy pascal brothers sisters sad lonely home brought home lost cat later stray puppy mother animals brought dirt house pascal soon mother clean rooms school caught sight fine red balloon tied street lamp pascal laid school bag ground climbed lamppost untied balloon ran bus stop conductor knew rules dogs large packages balloons dogs walk packages taxis balloons leave pascal want leave balloon conductor rang signal bell bus pascal school finally reached school door shut late school balloon unheard pascal worried idea left balloon janitor sweeping yard late punished school janitor balloon room pascal gave begun rain
tsardom times kingdoms high mountain chains lived merchant married twelve born child daughter cradle called vasilissa beautiful girl mother fell ill days plain seen die called daughter taking tiny wooden doll blanket bed put hands vasilissa dear daughter listen say remember words fail carry wishes dying blessing leave thee doll precious carry thee thy pocket show evil threatens thee sorrow befalls thee corner thy pocket give eat drink eat drink thou mayest tell thy trouble ask advice tell thee act thy need saying kissed daughter forehead blessed shortly died vasilissa grieved greatly mother sorrow deep dark night lay bed wept sleep
fool ivan lay slept morning daybreak pony waked ivan tied horse skin saddle bow slung hammer neck mounted humpbacked horse darted swallow till dust curled legs whirlwind run days nights rest stopped crystal hills yonder lies green meadow whereon evening grazes mare manes fierce stallions thy horse skin sew presently mare set teeth rends skin thou run strike ears thy twelve hammer stunned mount haste thou mayst lead thee stallions follow fool ivan sewed horse horse skin mare stallions stallions stood afar mare set rent skin ivan ran struck iron hammer stunned instantly holding manes leaped humpbacked horse scarce mounted fierce stallions saw galloping screaming rage humpbacked horse dart road traveled stopping nights days arrived tsar capital
lived city persia brothers called cassim ali baba father died early left property brothers divided halves shared equally think circumstances similar fate decided differently cassim married daughter rich merchant father death inherited stocked shop large estates cassim richest city skilful trading property growing ali baba married poor daughter bring dowry marriage small inheritance quickly poverty deprivation couple daily companions ali baba wife son lived miserable hut earned livelihood selling wood purpose journey mountains fell trees loaded wood donkeys brought town sold wood felled trees loading donkeys suddenly saw distance cloud dust nearer nearer looked carefully cloud closer turned group riders horseback fast pace saw wearing sparkling breastplates shining weapons terror befell
cautiously ali baba knocked door noiselessly opened morgiana brother maid extremely clever girl unloaded bundle corpse yard drew morgiana listen morgiana whispered going tell divulge bundle master corpse buried according prescribed rites look died natural death mistress report pay careful attention going tell morgiana informed mistress ali baba arrival sister law asked waiting impatience sort news bring asked expression bodes sister law replied ali baba listen quietly beginning end tell single syllable conversation promise important promised stricken profound grief listened brother law report terrible misfortune befallen concluded allah ordains consolation suggestion mourned husband marry join property wife angry jealous
force water river gates scoured deep bottom river shallowed pool gates deep deep drown anyway bottom pool lived freshwater mussels seen interested anyway poking stones shallows pool couldn help finding mussel shells occasionally hinged gray blue green gray inside faint sheen mother pearl webster boys fishing nets shallows minnows freshwater shrimps moved found freshwater mussel pair empty shells dan webster found want shell double laurie webster saying let dan lifting noticed shells clamped unusual weight re empty shells inside alive stooped hold mussel palm hand river water washed water creatures prefer water laurie splashed crouched river lapping tops wellington boots freshwater mussel owned put fingers touch lay watery palm dan hand
lowered water darkness darkness began feel roots bank upended brick found quickly point struck bank hand brick tried darkness darkness tried going happen going happen going longer moving hear sound movements darkness heard water flowing heard drip water water pause drip heard quick quiet birdcall strange certainly owl hear lay snug bed bedroom home sound heard heard beneath ceaseless watery whispering sound river river alive breathing sleep darkness laurie left sleeping bedroom home power move brick hold plastic carton tip fresh fall water plop tiny hear flow river darkness question finding fresh meant seconds
write interpretive questions easy forget story author person put ask questions character acted happened situation ask characters actions real form interpretive question ask author meaning requires think author decided tell story call interpretive questions remind story questions organization ask questions organization things story ask consider author includes places story author ali baba forty thieves thieves money cave magic door ask fellow participant explain scenes order story instance author morgiana discover thieves jars ran oil organizational questions conscious author choice words telling story author tell cassim deserve pity questions organization encourage explore reason author character qualities character act
rabbit fox monkey lived india wanted help friends sure live happily live happily helping helping need house tired hungry house rest rabbit fox monkey took house help rest pleased sat talked asking lived friends kind ask hungry tried hunt didn catch give eat house eat fox stay rest woods food stayed rabbit monkey fox look food fox fruit picked tree find eat
night mother mouse called baby arthur stay dark let watch night arthur ran happily door nest looked black sky darkness night cool arthur felt coolness nose touched whiskers round ears night happily lovely arthur looked blackness big round shining look cried look look mother mouse smiled moon big round yellow moon moon asked arthur bright eyes mother told high sky asked mouse mother mouse shines dark light asked arthur mother heard cheese think arthur moon mother smiled tonight bed arthur thought moon thought thought night night moon asked mother told
astronaut landed moon space ship beings moon thought astronaut looked air sound heard sand stone astronaut wrote book sign saw astronaut moon moonlings watching flew astronaut bit dust sure dust moonling moonlings interested things astronaut looked saw looked pair eyes stems astronaut surprised moving closed eyes looked moonling climbed inside space ship astronaut astronaut finished writing sign moon climbed space ship flew home moonling home town welcome astronaut flowers bands girl stepped give flowers stopped looked leg look cried holding leg person animal moonling wanted earth
truth mylo afraid dark mother asked hard answering finally thinking window kind asked mylo mother robbers suppose ghosts thing ghosts robbers wouldn interested mylo mother liked explain things tell habits customs robbers worried robbers mylo hate disappoint ghosts mylo mother mylo left mother explain felt bad able help bought large package modeling clay gave feel mylo didn clay lumps thumb prints rolled snakes found trying statue afraid night worked clay learned wanted mylo mother explained friends didn realize artistic mylo busy clay forgotten afraid dark
lucky jeff held stick jump jasmine smiled knew happen lucky jumped grabbed stick mouth ran jasmine laughed jeff train lucky trained jasmine wants stick run give jeff shook head train dogs jasmine dogs don train jasmine inside opened door apartment quiet jasmine home sister mai ling school parents jasmine pulled vacuum cleaner wednesday vacuum mother rule jasmine didn mind thought vacuum cleaner animal ate dirt enjoyed feeding worked quickly mother wasn say don forget dust chairs finished knocked door jeff sister peggy hall seen doll susan peggy asked course seen jasmine told don remember let play yesterday pretty peggy stomped foot seen today missing leave lost jasmine asked left door night told didn peggy looked night wasn want doll
school jasmine walked home quickly didn speak home didn didn touch bowl fruit table sat thought peggy doll purse heard garbage truck window watch sounds hungry stomach louder thought loud dragon stomach thought chinese dragon eating garbage laugh fell garbage shined sunlight saw lucky jump ran lucky thinks garbage truck playing laughed jasmine suddenly idea quickly ran downstairs lucky reached street knew bury nearest spot dirt found digging fork bent shiny lay jasmine picked lucky growled gave jasmine dug lucky soft dirt hand hit hard pulled bone boy catch tossed bone lucky jumped grabbed ran jasmine digging hand hit wasn bone
drive nail board hammer try hit nail flat end hammer head steel head hard heavy bang bang bang blow drives nail deeper wood things drive nail board hammer nail bar soap try hit nail soap drive nail soap soap soft driving nails need hard hammer job steel head hard ruler drive nail try ruler drive nail board nail stay ruler light driving nails need heavy hammer job steel head heavy carpenter hammer build house carpenter drives nails hammer carpenter drives nail wrong place pulled try pulling nail board fingers won nail try end hammer head called claw hard strong steel claw grabs nail pulls hammers big sledge hammer big strong pick small hammer
cock doodle rooster jack woke looked window sun coming hungry eat large pancake breakfast jack jack mother busy jack sat kitchen table mother asked large pancake breakfast lot answered want pancake help asked jack need flour pancake wheat field cut wheat donkey carry wheat mill miller wheat flour jack rode donkey wheat field cut wheat put donkey led donkey mill wheat flour jack asked miller need large pancake grain covering miller handed jack stick shorter stick held miller put wheat ground took stick began beat wheat jack helped soon small pile grain miller took grain mill house put grain large flat stone top stone round mill stone mill stone turned water wheel
need butter mother store room kitchen butter churn took cream top milk put cream butter churn jack turn began pull push churn handle handle cream thicker handle heavier cream turned golden butter hungry jack let pancake mother wood pile bring logs small bits wood need wood build fire jack brought fire wood asked mother wouldn sweet pancake downstairs look sweet gave jack candle downstairs apple jelly maple syrup honey peach jam strawberry jam took strawberry jam carried upstairs mother kitchen jack mother started fire table put flour egg milk butter room mixing bowl cup large wooden spoon frying pan put plate knife fork spoon jack room strawberry jam put cup flour bowl mother break egg flour mix
seen circus wonder clowns acrobats jugglers dancers lion tamers musicians wire walkers bareback riders fly swings ringling brothers barnum bailey circus called greatest show earth called biggest family earth members family spend months live eat travel family special names circus family care performing elephants called bull hands bull tame elephants animal acts bull male female elephant hands workers bull hands workers load unload trucks razorbacks past workers loaded cages trains took worker lift cage workers lifted cage backs stay waited call raise backs word razorbacks sounds raise backs names circus family flyers women tricks high swings roustabouts set acts performers called kinkers inside big circus family smaller real families families family acts family act members circus children begin training young
school vacation began robert home college europe village grandparents lived early morning cab riverboat dock crowd sat gate bags bundles beautiful ship decks shown cabins quickly put suitcase ran watch ship giant machines lifted boxes ship hours began afraid leave whistle sounded moving river home kinshasa river wide smooth lake ago african called river nzadi means water call congo air felt warmer nearing equator look wished riverboat hurry find brother surprised learned school equator imaginary line earth halfway north south poles course knew couldn help expecting tell crossed line shore looked greener mbandaka town left riverboat saw greenest tallest palms seen
families enjoy playing games family nations gather olympic games athletes lands part matches winners receive medals honors games held hundreds ago greece city team huge numbers watch games sports important greece hundred ago pierre de coubertin studied history games greek games gave idea greek cities compete peaceful ways couldn countries olympics coubertin acted idea modern games held games held greece games amateurs enter meant played love sport money coubertin idea worked olympics brought athletes jim thorpe won hardest events won pentathlon contests running throwing jumping person finished half points thorpe thorpe won decathlon ten separate contests jumped ran threw won points sad thing happened thorpe games
heat lion lay asleep edge wood lay mouse ran nose knowing nose lion bang lion clapped paw face felt caught furry lazily opened eyes lifted side huge paw bit amused find mouse spare king heard creature squeak tiny voice didn mean let someday repay funny lion laughed thing help king beasts don mouse replied creature help big laugh lion seldom anyway half mouthful raised paw let mouse days later lion caught hunter net woods rang angry roaring mouse heard kind lion cried trouble fast ran spot roaring lion thrashing net mouse didn dare fear crushed
barry saint bernard dog knew mountains born snow lay high places result dangers person lost snow covered road tired travelers freeze death stopped rest fell asleep sliding snow rush mountainside bury path barry lived group monks help need house called hospice monks companions dogs called dogs saint bernards mountain pass lived known saint bernard guessed barry famous saint bernard famous story known countries barry alive children young dogs school trained help monks learn thing learn obey barry liked play hardest thing barry learned deal run snow sinking knew find person buried avalanche barry grew large dog sharp eyes sure movements
hillary left middle afternoon height feet top lhotse fourth highest peak top kangchenjunga east white ridge climbing high sky started pitching highest camp took dark took times longer air breathe tent crawled inside light wind wasn bad inside able gloves hillary checked oxygen set stove going warm coffee lemon juice later canned food sleeping bags lying dark talked plans tried sleep bags wore clothes boots night climbers boots believe helps circulation feet heights prefer feet warm hillary took boots laid sleeping bag thirty morning ate food left night later opened tent flap clear quiet early morning light
half finished colors set paints gods artist artist painted daughter miki watched color painting beautiful miki father offer painting gods left miki home grandmother grandmother fell asleep miki room father paints colors beautiful seen stared slowly carried paints took brush painted poppies red trees green rooster wanted head red miki painted rest miki father riding home busy painting dress notice saw daughter roared anger earth shook gods charge making looked heard artist roar miki afraid looked gods smiling smiled miki colors appearing soon colored crayon draw lines bark brown paper draw leaves green paper cut leaves put glue side brown paper
saturday night killing hour small screen policemen shot line duty gangsters thrown roofs elderly lady slowly poisoned pearls murderer brought justice cigarette company series discussions office private detective brave unarmed actors leaped villains holding forty ingenues saved death knife quick thinking handsome intrepid young peter sat big chair front screen feet arm eating grapes mother wasn home ate seeds stared critically violence mother fear appendicitis hung air watched carefully seed neatly extracted ashtray home irritated lectures quality television entertainment young quick tempered fiddling dials find vaguely defined educational daringly awake eleven clock peter ground seeds teeth enjoying impolite noise solitude freedom empty house television commercials peter closed eyes imagined hurling bottles large unshaven pistols walking slowly dark stairways door knew boss waiting bulge shoulder holster unmistakable cloth pencil striped flannel jacket
luther arrived booker washington junior high school columbus avenue street manhattan september months met end february week taught assistant principals asked cover cafeteria period teacher conference luck animals remember saying guard entered cafeteria trifle scared stories hearing teachers lounge prepared expect winter months students allowed leave lunchroom results keeping penned fights food throwing high pitched incessant chattering spanish negro puerto rican boys girls chased tables things admit give room zoo quality assigned catholic holy students absent remained filled half large room noisy easy order luther sat table exit food line occasionally noticed boys sit patrolled area table empty stopped hey poking arm attention
coming minutes coming round bend full speed hankercher wave looking mama don look looking road jest road don gravel dry weeds sides trees sides fences sides cows pastures standing close coming yer catch bus seen smoke coming cow nose look mama thinking mama jest thinking home auntie thinking nough wood left nough em warm till thinking rain em rain thinking bout hog ty val able worry leave house don worry leave smaller look em look auntie
pupils knight school gawaine le coeur hardy promising tall sturdy instructors soon discovered lacked spirit hide woods jousting class called companions members faculty sought appeal nature shouting break neck told lances padded horses ponies field unusually soft late autumn gawaine refused grow enthusiastic headmaster assistant professor pleasaunce discussing case spring afternoon assistant professor remedy expulsion headmaster looked purple hills ringed school think train slay dragons killed objected assistant professor replied headmaster brightly added soberly consider greater responsible formation lad character dragons bad interrupted assistant professor characteristic restive head school began talk ethics ideals institution known worse replied headmaster hills south week killed number peasants cows prize pig dry spell holds telling start forest fire simply breathing indiscriminately
sheer luck secondhand camera returned college senior mother bought shortly father death barely afford camera ica reflex modeled graflex cost twenty dollars crack straight lens counting night school summer sessions attended colleges transferring enrolled cornell read waterfalls campus arriving ithaca college students broke tried job waitress luckily photographic future waitress jobs student library apply tempting forty cents hour job snapped believe drama waterfalls gave idea put cracked lens spectacular campus sites america fine ivy covered architecture cayuga lake horizon boiling columns water thundering cliffs gorges surely students buy photographs scenes knew photography impudence think trying pictures sell autumn making collection mere ten felt worth presenting
weird fascinating characters met travels rose beetle fairy tale air impossible resist look forward eagerly infrequent meetings saw high lonely road leading remote mountain villages hear playing rippling tune shepherd pipe breaking sing words curious nasal voice rounded corner roger stopped stared amazement sharp foxlike face large slanting eyes dark brown appeared black weird vacant look sort bloom finds plum pearly covering cataract short slight thinness wrists neck argued lack food dress fantastic head shapeless hat wide floppy brim bottle green speckled smeared dust wine stains cigarette burns band stuck fluttering forest feathers cock feathers hoopoe feathers owl feathers wing kingfisher claw hawk large dirty white feather swan shirt worn frayed gray sweat round neck dangled enormous cravat startling blue satin
gus ran big store sandy ran store stop gus gus didn stop big boy saw gus stop big boy dog gus didn stop ran girls saw gus stop girls girls ran stop gus gus didn stop boy saw gus dog boy dog cookies gus saw cookies ran boy big boy girls saw gus ran gus boy sandy didn stop gus big boy didn stop gus girls didn stop gus boy didn stop gus cookies bear ran ran bear saw pig play bear game fun play bear ran ran pig ran ran bear water water bear water pig bear water pig water bear pig bear pig bear pig ran ran saw cow bear play cow game fun play bear pig ran
ben looked happy live friends ben thing thing sit sit sit clang clang big red truck ben looked big red truck stop jumped ran house running going house ben called ok ok ben things ok kid play ben sat looked truck clang clang clang ben happy help ben ben looked saw boy called mike mike looked ben knew ben happy knew hey kid called mike sitting don play ball boys ben mike mike knew boys hey kids mike ben let play ball ok boys play ball called boy ben ball ball ben
mike saw ben knew ben happy asked mike play ball ben kids don want walk mike walk street kinds things kinds places ben took walk street saw books kinds things wow ben took books things tv soon boy street big book knows books things saw ben thought ben called boy book boy think going ben ran building kinds things kinds books ben took books wanted door hey kid called going books building ben scared knew kids took things scared took ben building took ben woman don scared woman running things books home
teddy sick didn couldn play couldn eat teddy looked window saw boys girls couldn couldn teddy looked window saw street teddy stores teddy couldn teddy sick didn night teddy sick couldn sleep teddy looked window looked street street stores cars street teddy blue trucks street teddy saw signs trucks signs carnival trucks street big lot teddy saw lot window saw carnival saw trucks stop carnival sleep teddy sleep morning teddy looked window saw carnival big sign carnival mother teddy want carnival mother sick teddy carnival teddy looked window wanted carnival teddy saw boy boy street boy saw teddy stopped carnival teddy asked
clarita big brother car clarita likes juan car likes places juan clarita going store want yes clarita want store tell juan tell clarita juan clarita street store asked clarita juan clarita sign clarita sign store stop juan stop car clarita juan store want juan find want look pets clarita pets clarita looked pets saw dogs saw cat saw lots fish saw juan find wanted asked clarita juan clarita juan saw look goldfish want goldfish yes clarita want goldfish someday juan happy clarita clarita juan car want juan asked clarita tell yes juan wanted find wanted clarita wanted happy clarita happy
picture sign school tell happened picture writing story picture writing boy dog give names children born important bad times rain hot water river began dry rain soon water river food eat plants died wild animals knew leave hungry needed water drink looked boy dog wanted eat boy want eat dog dog hunter boy help find food wanted eat dog boy dog try find food let boy father days boy dog hunted food hunted dark dry mountains hungry tired suddenly boy saw deer watched hidden canyon mountain boy dog deer hidden place water grass deer
zeek silver moon born moon rose early summer night stopped crying fell asleep mother arms birds began sing father mother named silver moon zeek silver moon minutes house small yard blackberry bushes grew zeek father cradle wood rocked zeek song sang rocked song zeek silver moon zeek grew learned walk learned talk cradle toy chest sunday morning dressed zeek mother dress flowers stole zeek father big hat feather zeek wore green overalls silver moon pocket zeek mother sewed feather robin robin dropped grass zeek silver moon cake later zeek mother loved dance danced living room danced early morning sunlight radio play listened zeek played floor zeek mother sewing began dance zeek held arms picked danced circles faster faster danced saw plants sunlight piano kitchen door toys
country called united states northwest coast lived nootka indian child named hummingbird born brother leaping salmon caught hummingbird children watched quick bird leaping salmon danced totem pole front family house hummingbird gave cry tiny bird flew hummingbird cried blind woman moved family family singing meals thought hummingbird named song tell hummingbird mind baby swung wooden cradle hung tree rocked touch mother hand mind young learning walk falling happy hugged family mind called hummingbird play tag hummingbird found small age found bear face older hummingbird threw clam shell beach nootka children ran tried pick morning star older hummingbird ran ahead hummingbird legs short small
jasper wanted guitar real guitar carry strum music wanted saw guitar window anderson music store knew suddenly guitar wanted tied neck guitar price tag jasper money didn turned pockets inside hopefully pocket held gum wrapper piece string sticky candy money penny jasper pushed face window nose flat looked looked home thought guitar hummed fingers strumming movements guitar told sit front porch steps watch moon sing ran find mother need jasper told mother looked jasper feet bet guess need pair shoes jasper need guitar mother laughed jasper want guitar need shoes jasper turned sadly didn need shoes didn want shoes needed wanted guitar
saturday morning jasper woke heard grandpa voice downstairs jasper today jasper dressed quickly working grandpa treat put oldest shirt blue jeans patches clattered downstairs going today grandpa asked grandpa pointed window squirrels winter coming re busy storing food winter re going re going squirrels jasper thought squirrel thought grandpa squirrel laughed loud saw corner kitchen floor covered jar jar tomatoes corn peas beans peaches mother canning summer pointing acorns re going store cellar grandpa store food job clean cellar handed jasper broom jasper steps cool dim room house began hard sweeping floor dusting shelves kind treasure hunt jasper finding things seen found baseball missing summer found roller skate chalk marbles
susan gordon private detective hire private detectives problems stealing hire susan solve problems problems called cases seeing important part detective job detectives eyes size eyes look clues clues help solve cases let susan eyes solve case wan problem stealing things department store told susan steal cameras clothes steal toys steal broke lose store case susan susan wan store full shoppers susan tried watch watched room window susan shoppers couldn shoppers boy susan saw pick dump truck carried truck door thief susan hoped catching thieves susan job hoped boy wasn stealing wasn showed truck mother mother wouldn buy boy put susan walked store acted shopper didn look coats shoes
william wanted father brought electric train set floor tracks william cardboard stations tunnels bridges played train lot didn stop wanting doll hug cradle park grandmother visit william showed throw ball net showed electric train clacking tracks tunnel bridge curve stop front station william interested walk william want doll wonderful grandmother william brother says creep boy door says sissy father brings things nonsense grandmother store chose baby doll curly eyelashes white dress bonnet doll blue eyes closed clicking sound william loved father upset boy william grandmother basketball electric train need doll william grandmother smiled needs hug cradle park father care baby feed love bring things wants doll practice father
today big food stores find kind food want ago true story tells children texas kind food families chicago word fun say spring chicago carla chicago chicago home carla chicago texas family worked farms hard money give look carla mother things carla friend luis moved chicago luis father job factory luis father wrote carla father chicago wrote job factory carla family play luis tell chicago carla sat daydreamed things chicago heard calling hey carla wake luis river carla runs lake big lake carla lake big sea luis carla lake big luis told roof show children stairs building lived
carla knew father happy true thought food taste needs hot peppers carla luis roof carla luis plan plan hot peppers don tell luis want send texas won cost mail costs dollars mail peppers dinners don mean peppers luis carla seeds send seeds eat seeds luis eat luis grow asked luis city farm grow carla roof won tell surprise need dirt grow things luis dirt dirt carla told digging park dirt luis looked carla carla wrote friend texas told friend seeds wanted asked mail seeds quickly carla luis dirt took roof big bags climbed stairs dirt secret garden roof
american continents lay empty human frozen wastes arctic southern tip south america human voice echoed wilderness human foot left print soil land belonged wildlife roamed forests plains soared air swam rivers lakes historians believe discover immense wilderness asia date entered america lost forever mists history estimates place date ago widely accepted theory traveled siberia asia alaska land lies beneath waters bering strait map pages glacier huge sheet ice covered canada northern united states ice locked water level oceans dropped hundred feet drop sea level exposed land connected asia alaska centuries wave wave wandered alaska parts asia glacial ice melted sea rose wanderers crossed bering strait small boats winter months foot ice dawn american history brought asia
vast colonial territories claimed britain france portugal spain netherlands spread slowly map colonial areas prizes contending nations ready sacrifice blood effort european nations engaged constant warfare british flag waved proudly islands caribbean thirteen colonies atlantic seaboard warships royal navy stood guard nearly women children lived seaboard colonies warships needed britain powerful enemies south spaniards built series forts missions stretched florida california southern border united states spain power declining mid british think spain major threat north west france vast territory claimed france story french strengthening naval military power north america armed forces presented growing threat british colonies french claims north america based early voyages verrazano cartier page french colonizing nations simply claims indians lands ancestors lived french explorer establish settlements samuel de champlain voyage
roger williams read colonist dared fight intolerance colony rhode island leading founder symbol religious freedom america rhode island established church church government separate taxed support church forced attend church belong church order vote worship pleased speak minds freely struggle greater religious tolerance lord baltimore william penn won notable victories maryland pennsylvania principle religious toleration part basic law maryland read lord baltimore secured passage toleration act toleration act provided professing believe jesus christ free practice religion persecuted religious beliefs maryland law gave protection jews profess belief jesus christ establish complete religious freedom existed rhode island pennsylvania religous toleration broader maryland broad rhode island person settle pennsylvania believed almighty eternal god creator upholder ruler christians part government
washington trip mount vernon home virginia york city triumph route crowds gathered watch pass cheer scatter flowers path welcome york overwhelming celebrations president washington elected officials vice president john adams senators representatives oath uphold constitution face tasks organizing government making guide newly elected federal officials constitution experience colonial governments confederation federal laws courts law enforcement officers build ground act took establish precedent model future action leaders faced financial problems federal treasury method collecting taxes worse money country pay taxes government levy finally government owed large debt revolutionary war government confederation difficult problems lay ahead nation relations nations president foreign policy acceptable congress appoint diplomatic officials instruct duties trouble arise president military strength call
napoleon began conquest europe series brilliant victories napoleon attained goal faced major obstacles east stood russia west english channel stood britain british troops driven european mainland british navy powerful sea napoleon knew britain soon put troops european soil napoleon desperate problems supply british navy controlled seas france bring needed products america important source supply france britain especially france britain send merchant fleet part obtain imports france ships relied american merchant vessels american merchants handsome profits european war tonnage carrying capacity american merchant marine increased enormously britain determined destroy america trade france british adopted series measures called orders council orders forbade american vessels enter ports napoleon control europe west indies india britain trying shut trade france napoleon attempted blockade seal british isles series orders forbade nations including united states trade british warned seize ship entered french ports stopping britain british colony
era feelings drawing close republican party american public increasingly divided growing power ordinary rivalry major sections country clearly revealed political struggles democratic party party bears today began shape ran presidency called republicans favorite son candidates nominated represent sections country john quincy adams massachusetts son john adams president represented northeastern states william crawford georgia represented southern states andrew jackson tennessee represented western states henry clay saw national leader kentucky western candidates henry clay definite program clay urged support american system develop american system read clay leaders congress tried serve balance interests sections country clay began establish compromiser role play times ahead crawford jackson hedged specific issues including tariff development roads electoral votes counted jackson adams crawford clay
general americans held views area land regarded nation southwest president polk citizens felt problem solved building missouri compromise missouri compromise recall outlawed slavery remaining areas louisiana purchase north latitude map page president polk proposed extend line pacific prohibiting slavery north line allowing slavery south line citizens strongly opposed slavery accepted wilmot proviso august shortly mexican war started david wilmot democratic representative pennsylvania presented resolution congress wilmot proviso flatly declared slavery involuntary servitude exist lands acquired mexico northern states adopted resolutions approved wilmot proviso southerners took point view john calhoun influential southern voice insisted congress prohibit slavery southwest insisted congress duty protect rights slaveowners property slaves territories calhoun based argument amendment constitution amendment guarantees person deprived liberty property due process law fourth group led senator lewis cass michigan senator stephen douglas illinois group argued territory decide permit slavery territory
industry expanded civil war huge fortunes fact business americans approve financial success matter achieved operators railroads mines businesses hesitate ask politicians favors return favors cash payments rewards result graft corruption infected level american government ulysses grant unhappy fate occupy white house disturbing won presidency republican ticket grant enjoyed respect millions americans earned reputation rested success commander union armies civil war served president grant lived died popular hero unfortunately lack political experience handicap grant administration prove darker pages history presidency grant honest upright weakness virtue tempered reason total loyalty friends honest believe associates honest stubbornly refused admit friends advance fortunes grant took office federal government involved unsavory scandal california chartered central pacific railroad later congress chartered union pacific railroad central pacific build eastward sacramento california union pacific build westward omaha nebraska territory
indians americans claimed north american continent conquerors stripped land freedom confined indians reservations reservations removed original tribal lands indians confronted problem adapting ways unfamiliar climates terrains tried escape pursued captured punished reservation matters worse indians beginning adjust environments government move reservations legally reservation indians wards government minor children parents return lands supposed receive supplies blankets seed corn basic food supplies poor quality quantity slow reaching indians agents charge reservations honest agents profited corrupt deals traders provided supplies indians commonly treated contempt children treated indians confined reservations indian problem view white americans white americans believed indians americanized meant indians assimilated white american forced accept culture dominant majority
rains umbrellas streets colors hold heads umbrellas help dry lived ago egypt seen umbrellas rained seen sky clear heat sun egypt hot rain hot dry place wanted protect sun invented umbrellas umbrella makes shadow small piece shade fact word umbrella means comes latin word shade umbrella means shade umbrellas heavy wood fold umbrellas hard kings queens umbrellas saw umbrella knew important rainy place trip saw umbrella person thought umbrellas umbrellas protect hot sun maybe protect rain began umbrellas rained umbrellas hard kings queens ago found ways umbrellas
morning sun ricky crowed wake big breakfast zym watch thompson amazed thompson milking cow amazed find egg myra nest kind animals planet thompson asked don room animals zym need space machines houses moving roads cats mice real playing push buttons cat runs mouse find dull sad animals thompson let look bit field zym stopped short looks small sun end green stick cried sunflower thompson called looks sun likes turn face look sun beautiful zym joy mind watch wonderful flower thompson plow fields zym watched sunflower thompson later afternoon looked tired poor zym hard rocks field friend harder harder plow
astronauts fly earth explore space moon maybe explore worlds aquanauts floor sea explore places strange wonderful astronauts seen beautiful fish swim ocean aquanaut water stay unusual creatures find things dreamed stay water short special gear kind gear aquanauts pretend aquanaut gear need thing need air tank air tank air breathe water wear tank short hose tank brings air mouth dive lot air pumped tank tank hold air breathe water hour need flippers face mask wear flippers feet help swim water hands face mask covers face helps getting water eyes need heavy belt waterproof watch belt keeps body water watch tells water stay hour air tank
rosa sister anita rolled grassy hill cool grass tickled arms hear lively mexican music coming side hill girls reached bottom hill ran top anita looked mama papa crowd rosa don re sitting stage rosa mama wanted dancers mexico city mexican independence show learned independence school anita means country free country tells america free country rosa mexico texas free country ten part united states america part mexico anita asked live texas mexican independence show family texas mexico ago rosa re lucky independence days texas america mexico lot fun anita parties singing dancing parade yes rosa riding float parade today fun part wearing grandmother beautiful dress wear dress ride float won asked anita
rain stopped stream drip drip trees heard warm afternoon kate sat living room reading letter alice smith outdoors kate sun aunt isabel called kitchen kate didn move strange things sure happen city read night house broken papers moved daddy office police imagine coming home finding front door broken sure hope house shadow lake okay maybe check kate gordon aunt isabel shouted kate jumped ran pushing letter iento pocket strange happens shadow lake sighed walking slowly stream mile stream ran shadow lake gave town kate lived liked shadow lake summer city winter dull fun making stories lion saw woods lion mrs rico cat kate lake sign smith getting lake road ready summer countryside nearly ready kate noticed colors leaves flowers beautiful rain alice written family lake weeks
don worry winifred aunt isabel saying kate mother isabel kate home dark dog began barking women ran door kate running path breath asked mother happened aunt isabel asked kate talk smith house robber kate smith sends workshop aunt isabel kate jumped throwing smith papers sounds crazy architect person broke house city talking mother laughed kate told alice letter aunt isabel looked puzzled kate workshop windows head kate answered house secret passageway kate mother stared secret passageway alice asked check house family checked wanted check inside cellar window open kate answered scared watching throw smith papers floor kate turned aunt important city police house aunt isabel looked kate truth story winifred car keys asked excited voice
playing ladies car stood looking lot watched heard lady mess look broken glass junk lady place children lady beautiful city places mayor thought mayor ready run didn ladies give orders joe want clean arleen means knew wait afraid happened happened big truck full dirt workers looked empty lot place mac looks supposed dump dirt orders let backed truck lot let dumped dirt middle lot noise thunder
playing car stopped ladies mayor kids hide fast hid watched ladies looked pile dirt mad mayor place cleaned mayor yes remember gave orders clean dumped pile dirt lot bet waiting pile dirt lady children playing lot dangerous place play mayor yes re dangerous cleaned fence put joe going pile dirt arleen kids started cry kids let think ladies pointing things talking mayor shaking head thought think marched felt pushing walked front leave stuff looked surprised mayor kids pile dirt play don
heard word aloha word comes hawaii says lot live word aloha means things means hello soon means friend happy word friendly hawaiians hawaii settled lands hawaii brought languages customs languages customs hawaii colorful feasts shows parades folk dances lands hawaiians enjoy customs climate hawaii friendly warm round pacific ocean hawaii keeps climate mild cold winter summer hot enjoy swimming boating fishing surfing mild climate hawaii helps kinds plants grow hawaii flowers fruits vegetables trees grow fruits vegetables sold rest united states hawaii known beauty countryside green mountains white sand beaches waterfalls volcanoes hawaii chain islands formed volcanoes rose ocean floor hawaiian islands tops mountains volcanoes
dad plan dig pit kitchen dot set plant plant big plums dan plums mother dad getting plump bend dig sat box began digging cut hand rock mother rushed doctor doctor dad sit bench rest hand desk kit fixed cut dad hand tell dan dig rest bit dad doctor dan dig pit set plant dan dad mother dinner dad mother dan job digs dan job helped dad dig pit set plant mother hugged job dad plant song sing mother song dan janet school jim tim benton home school lunch mrs benton lunch ham fig buns milk jim milk janet
rags woods dan rags ran path cut leg tin cut mud bled lot dan rags let look cut try fix dan rubbed cut bit rag didn help dr bell animal doctor dan fix dan rags rushed dr bell home doctor wet cut rid mud pad rags dr bell fix dan rags home mother looked pad rags leg rags cut leg dan tell mother rags bad cut tin woods dr bell fixed dan cut bled lot rushed rags doctor help thinking mother rags rest mother helped getting blanket rest rags licked mother hand pam dan school september pam miss west room dan mrs beck pam rushed dan school miss west let help room helped plants
cook began plan class play janet hen pick chickens class linda kitten bud pig jim tim horse home ask mother lend blanket home jim asked mother blanket play yes black blanket play blanket jim tim played home tent took school cook fixed black blanket jim tim horse mask blanket mask look big horse jim clutch blanket didn shift ran jim tim began run yell clip clop clip clop janet chickens cluck cluck linda purr purr kitten bud unk unk fat pig rest class began clap room fixing clock cook hands clock clock click click tick tock tick tock class began clap clock classroom think fun club
woods school dan asked jim tim want play game played camp summer yes jim want play want play tim think tim game dan hop step game stand leg hop stack wood fast hit wood steps slip win hop jim twin let twins hopped path stack wood jim hit stack wood turned tim jim jim turned bumped tim fell top dan ran twins helped jim felt leg think lump bad bump rip slacks tim mother mad think bad game bad fell dan game lots fun playing camp boys home books room mrs beck girls boys help look books bit
dennis sick stiff bed letter bag homes days days job standing letter box tim jim running stopped help dennis yes think dennis stand bag letters box fill bag thick letter stuck box jim stick dennis helped letter stuck dennis began stack letters bag letters fell bag big rip dennis mrs dennis stitch home tim picked letters stuck bag dennis tim jim help dennis bend pick things thanks lot dennis bag tim took big steps dennis think letter big jim job sid rung stepladder picking plums basket big red plum stem dennis passing
black stood pet shop looked wet children going school didn run skip didn stop check pets wet children looked sad pet black fed pups fish tank kittens purred skunk box black children look skunk tap box jump mothers don skunks pets grandmothers grandfathers grandchildren grandmothers grandfathers shop sell skunk black set big jug children look jug tag grandmothers grandfathers pet tell money jug jug tag skunk box children passed black shop going school looked tag grandmothers grandfathers stop shop pam grandmother tell jug tan puppy bud grandfather tell money jug fish tank bud bud fish pink skin bud grandfather bud fish
rags sat pan sipped sipped pan dry dan school mother shopping dad job rags sat looked kitchen sink drip drip drip drop pan wanted sip bit milk left nat pan rags lapped milk want drink rags drink nat milk took nap nat ran kitchen milk left milk left looked rags mat dad home filled nat pan milk filled rags pan sink sink fixed dripped dripped days nat rags drinks pans pets dad sink drips drips want drink lot rags sat nat pan pan dry milk asked dad tell milkman milk dan nat kim sat bed looking sad puppy chester bed chester bad school today going miss test wish didn bad cold
chester kim puppy getting bigger slept kim bed mother didn mother kim chester getting big dog think bed house ask dad help plan home dad home job kim mother thinks fix house chester help dad yes help let think bit look plans dog houses tell mother help dad asked mother kim sit kitchen going tell plans chester house looked books black pet shop lots plans dog houses think brick dog house thing chester brick dog house mother don think mother kim chester dog house block kim father bricks sell think plan brick house dog house pigs story book kim
dan liked look tv story liked lucky ranch horse west telling dad story lucky biggest horse bell ranch bigger jet pen lucky belonged bellman fast runner bellman track took big horse track truck truck bell ranch brand bell ed helped track began saddle lucky big horse mad began pitch buck ed held bellman looked horse pitching bucking ran truck lucky lunch big box looked drum lunch bran mash bellman fed lucky horse liked mash stopped bucking lucky drink ed saddle lucky trying lucky run lucky run fast lunch ed bellman let lunch run ok ed think trick saddle
hurry dave want miss fair hurry fair dave dad fair dave mom fair dave mom library dave dad dave rides fair ann fair fair dave ann library fair miss van fair books fair rides ticket bell ticket dave need ticket win prize bell want ticket ann want ticket dave need dime ticket miss van dime ann dime dave ticket dad dime dime dave look bell dad dime ticket show miss van look high wire rose mike ling ann mrs ling high wire bike mike fell bike
dog peggy mother replied haven room dog dog peggy mother dog fish peggy named fish lassie tried teach called lassie say lassie girl fish swam round round bowl didn hear didn care dog peggy mother haven room dog stop pestering think turtle peggy named turtle lassie wanted wag tail easy turtle looked worried drew tail shell harder peggy tried explain worried turtle looked dog don turtle mother asked peggy dog speak father mother bird peggy named bird lassie wanted teach bark woof say clearly woof woof woof bird chirp delight lassie say shaking head tweet tweet woof woof woof dog peggy dear mother sighed didn say knew kitten give
civilization arose ago planet rise civilization covered percent human history slow painful immense stretch civilization known stone age part stone age called stone age hunters food gatherers lived caves tentlike structures branches food supply ran short place moved survive stone age hunters gatherers learn remember food gatherers learn hundreds plants safe eat remember plants grew ripened hunters needed speed strength eyesight hearing sharp sense smell study remember habits prey learn weapons find ways improve learn help hunting improved human species physically mentally hunters born superior intelligence physical traits success hunt lived longer opportunities mate pass superior traits offspring humans set living creatures ability tools language abilities evidence thoughtful behavior animals natural object branch stone tool save future store transmit knowledge
greeks city states things common believed shared common ancestor helle named homeland hellas called hellenes hellenes spoke language prayed gods took part athletic contests considered non greeks called barbarians greeks unable live peacefully warfare city states helped bring downfall mighty persian empire set conquer greek peninsula critical moment greeks put quarrels joined forces knew death struggle huge persian army swarmed greece destroying burning athenians flee greeks hope cut persians supplies destroying navy athenian named themistocles tricked persians sailing narrow passage island salamis coast crowded getting persian ships rammed sunk greek vessels persian king xerxes watched horror hopes conquest sank bottom greek waters spartans defeated persians land forcing invaders withdraw greece map page decisive event greek history victory tremendous odds gave greeks pride helped bring golden age culture athens period persian wars powerful athens control greek city states map
death jesus handful followers doubtful small band jewish christian women embraced jesus messiah christ survive centuries millions mediterranean declared christians followers christ christianity official religion roman empire spread christianity empire extraordinary occurrence history factors contributed growth principal reason christianity acceptance teachings death jesus inspired jesus sense mission love humanity concern humble suffering poor doubt jesus performed miracles believed shown true faith grieved told jesus suffered execution cross importantly believed risen dead ascended heaven jesus son god earth save humanity reason growth christianity missionary educated greek speaking jew named saul saul known st paul helped christianity religion jesus death christianity movement judaism jesus contact gentiles non jews paul brought teachings jesus gentiles taught gentile jew christian
muslims expanding eastward entered region known south asia found rich varied civilization roots reached deep ancient times cradle indus river caused outsiders call region india today india refers countries south asia south asia called subcontinent mountains separate rest asia india northwest hindu kush north greatest mountain range himalayas forms formidable natural barrier range runs miles kilometers ninety peaks rise feet meters reason indians call house snow awesome mountain ranges protect south asia invasion migration case natural passes northwest form corridors mountains gaps famous khyber pass outsiders entered subcontinent ancient times mountains spread indus river valley plain punjab land rivers earliest civilizations arose river valleys mesopotamia egypt china india archeologists discovered ancient cities harappa indus river valley map opposite nearly harappa planned heavily fortified cities boasted city streets thirty feet wide simplest homes large rooms indoor bathroom facilities
china pattern government thousand centuries plagued recurring problems problem involved relationships china match swifter warlike nomadic tribes borders china hold nomads remained internally strong internal problems began weaken china nomads invaded gained control country china large person govern effectively emperor depended army officials emperor weak uninterested governing officials gain control country wealthy landowners income raise armies armies challenge emperor increase holdings bad times peasants lose outlaws conditions worsened outlaws band secret societies emperor troops weak sympathetic peasants allowed revolt peasant leaders emperors china history dynasty solved basic problems problems caused fall dynasty reappear lead decline occurred regularity historians refer dynastic cycle happened dynasty redistribute land tax reforms lightening burden peasants providing food threat nomadic invasion force central government spend large sums money defense
human advances africa patterns groups settled parts continent found variety ways living farming established looked ways cultivate land western sudan learned iron development iron tools brought agricultural revolution preparing soil iron hoes took fewer hours land cultivated iron tools farm areas cultivated wooden tools soon savanna farmed communities began grow food produced everyday complicated traditional patterns began change slowly states strong governments emerged traditionally highest authority community oldest member closest line descent community founder council family heads helped person carry duties leadership agricultural revolution caused pattern increasing resources yielded greater wealth contacts peoples increased broadening exchange ideas products trade relationships grew competition resources trade goods need ways handle economic political affairs grew increasing power traditional chief community government centralized rock paintings ago sahara fertile land inhabited herders farmers climate left region dry barren wasteland spotted infrequent oases
spaniards tlaxcalans crossed mountains reached aztec capital tenochtitlan moctezuma continued indecisive finally spaniards took prisoner later moctezuma lost unknown circumstances successor cuauhtemoc decisive resisted invaders warriors killed fallen sick smallpox month siege spaniards allies tenochtitlan fell eager riches francisco pizarro led force peru empire incas page weakened civil war conquest took conquest mexico yielded treasure foot soldiers inca atahualpa armed spears warclubs bows arrows match spanish cannon toledo steel mounted conquerors spaniard killed bloodbath took hundreds peruvian lives high andes dramatic military conquest spiritual conquest native americans occurred overnight gods beliefs lay disarray owing widespread epidemics death battle crown trained friars americas converted native americans thousands order preach gospel taught native american languages recorded traditions customs native americans set schools teach skills successful mission villages jesuits set paraguay native americans villages learned european crafts farming methods
philosophes enlightenment believed humans essentially confident humans improve society relied reason major developments modern european history bear hopes french revolution industrial revolution began england inspired philosophes reformers france sought advance liberty equality ended special privileges clergy aristocracy absolutism established parliamentary government france nineteenth century ideas enlightenment french revolution spread europe parts reformers sought imitate achievements revolution lands drew constitutions established parliaments granted equality law tradition enlightenment established public education advances science technology transforming material conditions inventions dramatically improved standard living opened opportunities gave leisure discoveries medicine prolonged nineteenth century thinkers believed living age progress saw age fulfillment dreams philosophes expected progress continue indefinitely disquieting signs nineteenth century philosophes ideas attack opponents criticized enlightenment undermining respect clergy monarchy aristocracy traditional rulers europe critics argued undermining traditional authority threatened society disorder revolution
napoleon bonaparte born island corsica august son lesser noble military school france artillery officer wars french revolution proved soldier napoleon command french forces fighting austrians italy italy napoleon showed talent military planning leadership victories popular general france star rising italian victories napoleon led expedition egypt france wanted base striking britain valuable indian trade british destroyed napoleon fleet napoleon egypt conditions worsened france corruption government economic problems military setbacks created mood crisis napoleon saw chance october landed france month later help influential politicians napoleon overthrew government consuls led government consul napoleon concentrated power hands consul later napoleon crowned emperor french general consul emperor breathless climb heights power napoleon loved power musician loves violin determined lose remain power napoleon knew solve problems facing france admirer philosophes continued reform begun revolution
look look friends friends friends things friends things friends give things friends animals friends plants friends show friends show friend smile show friend help friend friend friends fine duck cleaned house looked nice happy clean house bear duck duck wipe feet mat bear cleaned feet inside sit duck bear sat put feet table duck put newspaper bear feet eat bear thing duck thing bear cleaned house duck bake eat bear cake bear cake fell floor duck bear stop look cake floor duck bear house clean clean house thing eat cake
duck bear nice duck bear duck smells cake bear sit sit duck feet stuck bear stuck honey honey cake bear yes duck bear put honey cake table plates duck plates clean bear bear duck eat need plate cake bear clean plates bake cake plates cake house clean duck bake cake bear gave big smile honey cake glad duck bear duck surprise duck home bear put cake note table bear note bear home bear inside house surprise house cleaned plates clean duck note duck friend bear cleaned house bear looked duck liked cake duck liked clean house bear friends duck yes bear cake
ann liked friends pat rosa pat run fast run faster ann run faster rosa pat jump high jump higher ann jump higher rosa pat rosa ann rosa pat ann rosa pat friends pat rosa run faster jump higher rosa run jump pat rosa pat contest ran jumped ran fast jumped high friends ann rosa pat friends pet show rosa big dog pat dog ann dog dog big rosa dog big dog pat dog ann happy pat dog rosa dog ran ann dog tricks ann happy sit happy sat ann happy jump happy jumped happy dog rosa
look bag fox yes woman don look fox fox woman looked bag pig cow run fox pig cow run woman fox cow put cow bag house look bag fox yes woman don look fox fox woman looked bag cow boy run fox cow boy run woman fox boy fox put bag nap fox eat boy eat fox took nap help boy help help lady dog took boy bag put dog bag fox hungry
frog say round frog began hop hop hop tree box wheels frog jumped high box wheels frog bumpy think frog gave big jump big wheels wheels frog fast goes think frog gave big jump pony pony big round frog goes think frog gave big jump cage cage round big frog high goes think frog gave big jump wheels frog fast frog gave big jump box wheels frog bumpy frog gave big jump tree going home bumpy fast
pepper house needed roof needed doors needed chimney mrs sunshine lived door house roof doors chimney mrs sunshine took care things roof holes pepper doors don shut chimney fall fix mrs sunshine pepper fix things fix pepper began pound began pound put put fixed fixed worked worked worked roof rain pepper doors open shut chimney glad mrs sunshine pepper ice cream night rained rained rain pepper roof wind blew chimney wind rain blew doors pepper wet mrs sunshine help pepper house pepper looked house sad fix house mrs sunshine money pepper
word biology easy define study living things let consider mean think minute kinds living things sight want jot headings domestic animals wild animals ocean insects don forget plants trees wildflowers garden flowers house plants weeds list kinds suppose wanted find living things expect living things tiny fraction exist biologists found million kinds earth wonder possibly learn million things biology actually going learn deal reading pages chapter reason despite diversity unity living things alike ways going begin study biology talking similarities kinds completing study section able list general characteristics distinguish living nonliving things mean say alive
living things small individual units called cells organisms consist cell billions cells cases processes organism actually carried cells reason stated cells basic units structure function living things understand workings living things understand goes inside cell completing study section able describe contributions scientists development cell theory robert hooke anton van leeuwenhoek robert brown matthias schleiden theodor schwann rudolf virchow cell theory explain importance known exceptions cell theory mid microscopes study biological materials robert hooke examined thin slices cork plant tissues microscope found boxlike structures called cells hooke saw walls dead cells figure studied living materials contents cells seen hooke findings published book micrographia microscopes hooke compound microscopes similar principle today produced magnifications hooke making compound microscopes anton van leeuwenhoek making single lens microscopes amazing power microscopes exist magnifying powers figure
century progress understanding processes processes chiefly chemical student biology today needs basic principles chemistry chapter present facts terms chemistry frequently concern atoms compounds simple chemical reactions learned information previous science classes case chapter mainly review completing study section able define terms element compound recognize names chemical symbols common elements describe structure atom define terms atomic number isotope atomic mass briefly describe process radioactivity explain radioisotopes isotopes biological chemical research describe arrangement electrons space nucleus looking substances hundreds thousands substances known hundreds thousands exist chemistry tells kinds matter atoms combined ways say later atom spite large number substances known kinds atoms substances entirely kind atom substances called elements iron element consists entirely iron atoms
celled organisms materials moved cell diffusion cyclosis streaming movement cytoplasm possibly transport endoplasmic reticulum page simple multicellular organisms cell external environment organisms processes diffusion active transport cyclosis adequate move materials cells cell processes slow carry materials distances large complex organisms cells external environment organisms need special circulatory system move materials part organism circulatory system link cells organism environment circulatory system components fluid transported materials dissolved network tubes body spaces fluid flows means driving fluid tubes spaces animals fluid circulatory system called blood organs pump blood system called hearts plants vascular conducting tissues present include xylem phloem found roots stems leaves higher plants roots plant generally found underground anchor plant soil absorb water minerals soil transport water minerals upward stem dissolved food downward stem addition roots plants specialized storage food
living things need continuous supply energy order carry activities stay alive energy needed physical mechanical flying bird needs energy airplane beaver building dam worm burrowing soil needs energy construction earth moving equipment tree frogs singing spring evening search mate energy transistor radio movements living things require energy energy needed obvious purposes synthesis complex compounds simpler requires chemical energy saw chapter transfer materials cell membranes require energy recent conscious importance cost energy industrial civilization energy obtained falling water hydroelectric power plants nuclear energy directly solar radiation comes burning fuels oil gas coal burning fuel releases energy form heat heat run engines electric generators turning heat energy forms burning fuel chemical process carbon hydrogen fuel combine oxygen air forming carbon dioxide water fuels stored chemical energy released heat chemical burning
organisms carry processes chemical environment internal fluids constant limits cells carry processes metabolic wastes produced wastes end products metabolism cellular respiration nutrients oxidized energy released stored form atp carbon dioxide water produced end products wastes removed organism excretion process wastes cellular metabolism removed organism excretory organs regulate chemical makeup blood body fluids including intercellular fluid lymph page removing metabolic wastes excess materials help maintain body temperature removing excess heat excretory organs function circulatory nervous endocrine systems maintaining constant internal environment maintain homeostasis important cellular wastes carbon dioxide water nitrogenous wastes mineral salts carbon dioxide water formed cellular respiration water produced dehydration synthesis page nitrogenous wastes form ammonia urea uric acid produced breakdown amino acids mineral salts sodium chloride potassium sulfate accumulate metabolism wastes poisons high concentrations addition wastes metabolism excretory system remove excess water salts substances accumulate organism reasons
pumping action heart involves main periods periods heart muscle relaxed period relaxation called diastole period heart muscle contracting period contraction called systole diastole period relaxation atrioventricular valves open blood flows atria ventricles end diastole ventricles percent filled systole period contraction begins contraction atria contraction atria forces blood ventricles fills ventricles contract pressure contraction closes valves opens semilunar valves blood flows ventricle pulmonary arteries leading lungs blood flows left ventricle aorta largest artery body aorta branches divides smaller arteries carry blood body tissues ventricles contracting atria relax permits blood flow atria veins blood returning body tissues enters atrium blood returning lungs enters left atrium ventricles relax period diastole begins cycle repeats heart valves open close lubb dup sound heard clearly stethoscope lubb sound produced closing valves dup sound closing semilunar valves
human respiratory system consists pair lungs system tubes carry air environment figure lungs advanced organ gas exchange air breathing animals consist small chambers air sacs surrounded capillaries air sacs provide huge respiratory surface diffusion oxygen carbon dioxide blood lungs occupy large portion chest thoracic cavity surrounded pairs ribs thoracic cavity separated abdominal cavity diaphragm muscle forms floor chest cavity lung completely enclosed layered membrane called pleura layer pleural membrane closely covers lung layer contact diaphragm organs chest cavity lubricating fluid layers lungs move freely chest breathing air passages conduct air environment respiratory surface lungs passages include nose pharynx trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli air enters respiratory system nostrils lead hollow spaces nose called nasal passages hairs openings nostrils prevent entrance large foreign particles walls nasal passages rest air passageways respiratory system lined mucous membrane ciliated epithelial cells
human nervous system vertebrates divided main subdivisions central nervous system consists brain spinal cord peripheral nervous system vast network nerves conduct impulses central nervous system receptors effectors body functional unit nervous system neuron chapter kinds neurons transmission nerve impulses discussed chapter activities body controlled central nervous system brain spinal cord impulses sense receptors body bring constant flow information internal tissues organs external environment brain spinal cord information interpreted impulses muscles glands causing responses completing study section able describe functions skull meninges spinal column cerebrospinal fluid major parts brain describe structure function describe structure functions spinal cord brain spinal cord protected bone brain enclosed skull cranium spinal cord surrounded vertebrae singular vertebra spinal column brain spinal cord covered protected tough membranes known meninges
dear mrs davis eggs teddy pretended hear mother mrs davis running teddy liked store working piece wood teddy liked wood dad wood burning set teddy mrs davis eggs store cake eggs don cake tomorrow teddy asked mrs davis looked theodore mrs davis called theodore tone voice teddy knew mother meant business bike teddy waved mother rode bike walk past front house lady door called teddy mrs moon cried going store teddy looked knew coming mrs moon liked teddy errands asked teddy liked errands need carrots mrs moon told sure carrots ma mean yes ma teddy thought guess wouldn longer carrots teddy rode street house peters burning leaves say teddy peters going store
voice called hoo young teddy tried pretend didn hear mrs pool voice loud walls shake knew teddy called young going young mrs pool shouted wanted going liked going store mom needs eggs hurry teddy explained mother baking mrs pool asked loudly teddy nodded street knew mom baking today idea think bake cookies boy young flour remember teddy shook head started flour mrs pool white thread mrs valentine dog food peters carrots mrs moon eggs mom flour mrs pool white thread teddy took streets store didn want going teddy parked bike door ran store took carts raced vegetable counter carrots raced aisle found flour hurry nearly ran couple teddy didn want running errands wood burning set didn
grupatupsky wonderful magician king magicians called wore black top hat black silk cape shoulder carried big red velvet bag grupatupsky bag magic grupatupsky looked bag told magic asked tricks smile say tell grupatupsky traveled town town town gave magic show magic shows gave red velvet bag pulled dogs birds rosebushes turned black hat red blue black cheered clapped hands grupatupsky cried answered tell magicians tried find secrets grupatupsky magic magicians hid stage magic show hid hotel room curtains bed bathtub hoped peek red velvet bag grupatupsky found let red velvet bag sight grupatupsky train piper pass planned special show red velvet bag bulged magic night school auditorium filled piper pass wanted grupatupsky king magicians
indian boy waukewa hunting mountainside saw young eagle broken wing lying base cliff bird fallen nest high young fly fluttered cliff badly hurt likely die waukewa saw eagle drive sharp arrows body remembered eagle robs fine fish indian drying frame saw young bird quivering pain fright feet stopped waukewa slowly unbent bow put arrow quiver stooped frightened eaglet fully minute wild eyes wounded bird eyes indian boy looked quivering young eagle stopped wild frightened look passed eyes let waukewa pass hand gently feathers moment waukewa eagle friends slowly waukewa home father lodge carried wounded eaglet arms held gently broken wing gave pain bird lay perfectly trying strike boy hands waukewa warmed water fire lodge bathed broken wing eagle soft strips skin wrapped nest ferns grass inside lodge laid bird
morning river risen daylight spot river full salmon big healthy fellows swam canoe side endless silver stream waukewa drove spear left tossed shining fish bark canoe caught sport waukewa canoe began move swiftly rocks suddenly looked caught paddle dipped wildly rushing water canoe swung sidewise shivered held rushing water slowly inch inch began creep upstream shore suddenly loud sharp snap paddle parted boy hands broken blade waukewa gave cry bent broken paddle fought river bravely racing river swept downward hungry falls roared ears indian boy knelt upright canoe faced mist falls folded arms young face look afraid lived brave die faster faster raced bark canoe black rocks flew past side ghosts roar terrible waters thunder boy ears waukewa looked calmly bravely ahead
land hunted fished mohawk indians building cities finest warriors hundred ago finest skyscraper builders today mohawk makes living high air york city job dangerous warpath mohawks steelworkers help put skyscrapers mohawks helped build un building rca building quarter mile high empire building walk steel beams easily walk school says don worry tall building fall fifty feet bad hundred feet job putting framework building fasten steel beams rivets rivet short fat nail heated red hot thrown catches bucket rivet put hole end flattened hold place don fall job mohawks happen york hundred lived reservation farmed trapped animals fished bridge built river home fast bridge mohawks building bridge saw climb
pa pa shouted jed dashed barnyard guess millers going oregon yes son father hal miller trying talk going ma talking night pa cried jed eb says homesteading land says land sprout doorknobs planted rivers full fish woods full game plenty eat farm started don jed father slowly easy roots lived farm ma friends relatives nancy school school middle oregon pa read teach nancy numbers ma teach rest jed father making promises rest week jed hear parents talking low voices late night barely hear words rich land chance jed nancy farm rough hard trail sunday millers invited dinner dinner jed father pushed chair hal talked
weeks easy endless prairie stretched eye big oxen plodded jed walked wagon turn tend herd cows extra horses train nights helped watch herd find water cooking washing chop wood trees mother sister gathered buffalo chips lay prairie cooking fire traveled west prairie changed grass thinner fewer watering places sun beat backs beasts wanted front wagon train ground dry wagons stirred thick clouds dust wagons end train pass dust burned brown sun caked fine dry powder jed family turn front train jed walking wagon looking ahead dry prairie suddenly called pa look ahead sticking sky courthouse rock jed father answered say looks courthouse st louis jail rock scott bluff passed scott bluff won fort laramie
west country bigger mountains high bend let moon plains wide sun knocks chunk dirt squeezes past morning weather worse pretty hot summers fact summer tried raise popcorn hot popcorn fields popped matters worse farm animals thought snow froze death summer hot drop rain hit ground turned steam fog thick watered animals drank fog pretty funny hogs noses air rooting fish frogs pairs summer person held fog walked neighbor joe trying put roof house summer fog thick nailed roof fog thirty feet house winters pretty rough winter cold spoke words froze midair real noisy spring words thawed animals stranger real funny wild animals
structure building blocks structure building blocks body honeycomb structure small building blocks called cells honeybees beeswax form cells body small building blocks called cells building blocks body living matter cells body honeycomb cells tiny building blocks living matter living things cells body kinds cells kind cell special job cells magnified times alike body makes living matter matter cells replace damaged kinds cells replaced faster skin cells constantly replaced cells inside ear replaced slowly cells working large group form tissue muscle cells working form muscle tissue kinds body tissues supply muscle tissue food oxygen support needs care muscle tissue free special task say tasks bodies alive divided kind tissue formed bone cells bone tissue body organ group tissues working
boy healthy things body working facts body systems body systems working correctly healthy things body healthy care body learn body healthy form body care habits young taking care body avoid health problems later body care habits formed body needs exercise exercise activity muscles body need exercise bodies healthy young need exercise bodies grow develop correctly adults need exercise bodies condition exercise improves breathing circulation digestion muscle strength exercise sports play activities kinds exercise muscles exercised activity living things need food need food supply body needs food needed body tissues grow repaired body needs proteins fats carbohydrates vitamins minerals water everyday food eat supply need proteins fats carbohydrates vitamins minerals water found food groups
vitamins chemicals body needs stay healthy body needs small amounts vitamins vitamins chemicals needed place body cells vitamins body produce energy vitamins stored body balanced diet supply vitamins need chart shows important vitamins happen body vitamins minerals chemicals body needs health calcium phosphorus potassium iron minerals body needs calcium phosphorus needed strong teeth bones potassium helps muscles correctly iron making blood vitamins body needs minerals small amounts balanced diet supply minerals body needs minerals eating foods picture water liquid needed living things water released body form perspiration body waste water replaced foods eat drink water fruits vegetables water ways replace water body need sleep young need sleep adults going sleep affect person health sleep rest body systems important brain nervous system correct amount rest sleep helps mind body healthy
earth depend sun scientists study sun facts sun look sky clear night twinkling lights lights objects space called stars stars tiny bright look dim stars colors telescope stars slight red blue white yellow shades color center solar system star star sun sun important star greatest source naturally produced light sun supplies heat energy sun affect daily sun important scientists compared stars sun close earth takes sunlight half minutes reach earth light stars takes studying star scientists able learn stars sun stars sphere glowing gases sphere object shaped ball main gases sun hydrogen helium core center sun hydrogen gas changed helium gas energy produced change core energy released space scientists believe sun produce energy billions
solar system space objects members solar system planets similar earth sun center solar system solar system sun space objects traveling solar system kinds members sun light members reflect light sun known members solar system planets planets telescope planets stars look alike ancient astronomers learned tell observed space objects positions sky night night objects slowly changed positions objects planets traveling sun planet large space object moves sun ancient called moving objects planets word planet meant wanderer today call objects planets planets travel sun paths called orbits orbit path object follows revolves planets close sun revolve sun short orbits small compared distant planets takes planet complete orbit sun called length jupiter compare mercury planet orbit forces
classmates tour planets want miss saturn saturn largest planet rings trip worthwhile saturn rings observed ago recently photographed spacecraft carrying special cameras cameras television pictures earth pictures show rings count telescopes earth shows rings rings millions solid particles rock particles grouped thin sheets rings large spacewalk outer edge walk hundred saturn frozen gases hour scientists discovered moons saturn uranus largest planet rings uranus frozen gases moons planet appears green color caused frozen gases makes uranus interesting position revolves sun revolves side telescope look directly planet north south poles parts orbit takes uranus complete orbit sun view neptune moons pale blue glow planet neptune moons
fossil fossils found fossils important scientists interested history earth learn earth history studying rocks history earth recorded rocks fossils found rocks fossil record ancient earth geologists fossils learn past fossils found seen fossils found sedimentary rocks limestone sandstone shale fossils found forms fossils real bones shells animals prints plants animals look pictures show real bones shells show prints living things die fossils destroyed fossils buried quickly left undisturbed fossils living things ocean fossils living things land think happens scientists find animals true form animals called mammoths found frozen solid ice ice preserved bodies looked lot elephants today mammoths lived ice age longer live earth fossils formed today fossils found true form ancient plants animals stuck tree sap covered sap later sap hardened changed plasticlike substance
things animal live environment animals able live environment animals able live environment animal able protect find food order live environment animal able live successfully environment say adapted environment helps animal live environment called adaptation adaptations include body coverings body parts body coverings help protect body organs body parts food getting protection armadillo adapted protect horse raccoon adapted cold weather hawk adapted food getting outer covering animal body called skin skin makes body system forms outer covering protection body organs keeps bodies animals correct temperature skin sensitive temperature change pain animal skin hold water release depending animal needs body covering important adaptation animals added layer body covering added layer scales feathers hair scales feathers hair look scientists agree alike skin tissue added layer body covering means protection animal body coverings animals
think deer running deer hard standing special adaptation observe deer animals colored environment hard blend surroundings animals blend look object animal able blend environment adaptation called camouflage camouflage help reasons animal hidden predators hidden prey animal picture hidden predators hidden prey animals blend surroundings ways animal hidden animals color surroundings adaptation called protective coloration summer early fall ptarmigan brown gray feathers colors allow bird blend colors rocks plants late fall winter bird covered white feathers white feathers protective coloration animals body coverings change color seasons counter shading form camouflage counter shading adaptation top side animal color bottom side fish counter shading seen fish blend bottom lake river ocean bottom side fish silver white
animals animals alike lot animals group zoo find birds find fish need zoo map map show animals found birds found bird house birds found cage animals groups zoo grouping help find animals want kinds animals environment scientists classify animals scientists classifying group kinds animals classifying helps order makes easier learn identify animals classifying group characteristics characteristic classifying animals body part body parts animals opposite page scientists characteristic classify animals groups characteristic backbone animals backbones called vertebrates animals backbones called invertebrates animals picture vertebrates animals jellyfish clams insects examples invertebrates observed vertebrates zoos farms fish vertebrates live water cats vertebrates live land vertebrate backbone cats similar land vertebrates
animals invertebrates invertebrates observe garden invertebrates observe classroom animals backbones called invertebrates bodies invertebrates snails insects worms developed complex vertebrates invertebrates important vertebrates invertebrates part food chain environment invertebrates found environment scientists classify groups makes easier identify kind invertebrate classifying grouping helps order scientists classify invertebrates scientists classify vertebrates considering characteristics group invertebrate groups classified simple complex according characteristics body parts invertebrate groups simple complex sponges hollow animals worms mollusks arthropods spiny skinned animals able invertebrates groups look sponges look confuse invertebrate sponges sponges invertebrate sponges live water live groups ocean bottom sponges simplest invertebrates sponges special organs body parts digesting food getting oxygen water bodies sponges holes holes lead center body water carries food oxygen sponges oxygen food water
arthropods animals outer skeletons jointed legs segmented bodies fourths animals arthropods live earth live water live land fly arthropods vary size shapes arthropods include beetles bees crabs shrimps spiders millipedes centipedes arthropod similar mollusk skeleton arthropod complex invertebrates body parts special jobs arthropod body parts complex foot mouth area mollusk arthropod body divided sections section special job head special mouth parts holding chewing food sense organs head seeing feeling tasting smelling middle hind body sections special tubes breathing touch arthropod feel hard outer skeleton animal molt skeleton grows molting shedding outer skeleton animal grows large skeleton slit appears arthropod crawls skeleton arthropod molted skeleton short covering forms hard notice cicada shown molting insects largest group arthropods seen insects aphids flies butterflies beetles adult insects pairs legs
needs weather factors affect weather describe weather picture decide wear school today school today wear depend weather sudden change weather change plans affected weather weather important weather condition air air changing warmer colder wind speed direction air moist dry factors part weather learning air help understand weather blanket air called atmosphere surrounds earth atmosphere mixture gases layers extends earth surface km earth run football field times layer atmosphere closest earth surface called troposphere troposphere water gases nitrogen oxygen weather occurs troposphere troposphere conditions change quickly layers atmosphere change live troposphere important understand air study diagram earth atmosphere page look carefully troposphere temperature surface earth find temperature air km km km earth surface
property air moisture moisture air form gas liquid solid type air moisture gas called water vapor water vapor amount water vapor air called humidity air lots water vapor humidity high air vapor low humidity air temperature affects humidity warm air holds water vapor cold air hold air colder holds water vapor relative humidity tells comparison water vapor air temperature relative humidity means air holding water vapor temperature relative humidity warm air rises cooler cooler temperatures water vapor condenses form clouds unlike water vapor clouds forms moisture cirrus clouds thin white clouds featherlike edges form high levels troposphere ice crystals cirrus clouds mean weather cumulus clouds large puffy clouds seen weather thicker lower sky cirrus clouds shapes change cumulus clouds white gray centers heavy dark cumulus clouds storm clouds produce rain snow showers thunderstorms stratus clouds look thick layers form blanket land sunlight shine stratus layers
hurricanes storms strong winds heavy rains unlike storms hurricanes occur large area meteorologist look hurricane forming low pressure area warm tropical oceans hurricanes occur late summer early fall hurricanes begin ocean move shore shore huge waves damage land swirling winds half speed fastest tornadoes high winds destroy trees buildings water damage heavy rains floods occur hundreds kilometers hurricane center eye weather forecasts warn flooding wind damage hurricanes hurricanes move hundreds kilometers began results storm seen weeks months suppose wanted trip alaska winter kind clothes trip important clothes need kind weather expect want climate climate average weather area weather area climate area stays trip hawaii winter expect weather warm hawaii warm sunny winters meteorologists observe factors weather find climate area
send messages friend body send messages communication system body telephone company post office communication system inside body system carries messages parts body messages sense respond environment system controls body parts communication system body called nervous system nervous system brain spinal cord nerves parts carry messages body brain main control center body nervous system brain controls body messages messages coming brain tell needed body messages brain care body needs addition thinking reasoning remembering brain control moving body brain main areas top part brain called cerebrum cerebrum part brain controls thinking learning talking cerebrum controls senses memory part brain helps remember learned test part cerebrum cerebellum cerebellum part brain controls voluntary muscles body throwing ball petting dog riding bike controlled cerebellum
person moving objects move fast move objects moving move place place speed slow change directions moved today objects moving classroom find objects need positions position place object position describe position give information find suppose riding car father lost looks map find important father position map important father position wants softball team important position base positions softball important move position motion motion changing position motion occur force force push pull force school sir isaac newton scientist studied position motion force observed force needed change motion objects bicycle move apply force pedals motion bicycle continues motion put brakes
forces picture found forces important forces important part forces play forces play ball ride bicycle talk telephone friend watch television electric lights reading night pour glass milk bedtime snack forces forces forces act act forces hold objects forces objects think important learn forces forces identify pictures page imagine riding bike flat surface pedal hard fast stop pedaling coasting happens coasting finally bicycle comes stop bike stop laws motion moving object keeps moving acted force coasting bicycle stopped force force known friction friction force slows stops moving objects friction occurs objects slide roll roll ball let ball slow stop
plant animal picture living things living things living thing called organism organism organisms organisms scientists characteristics classify organisms main groups called kingdoms plants grouped plant kingdom plants alike animals grouped animal kingdom plants organisms grouped plants animals called protists grouped protist kingdom protists characteristics plants animals protists characteristics plants animals instance euglena organism chlorophyll plants moves animals think euglena classified protist kinds organisms kingdom organisms alike members species species smaller group kingdom members species alike organisms pictures members species kingdom species belong protists small seen microscope organisms seen microscope microorganisms microbes
leaves log changing causing leaves log look months protists picture page protists live protists found environment protists air water protists live soil organisms died protists live bodies living organisms space scientists searched protists moon protists found earth important part environment protists substances substances decompose protists food decompose means substances decay protists causing leaves log picture decompose happen substances decomposed caused protists helpful harmful protists foods protists foods spoil rot bacteria decompose milk bacteria fresh milk sour bacteria milk food change texture flavor milk keeping milk cold refrigerator slows caused bacteria milk fresh refrigerator kinds bacteria spoil milk foods cottage cheese sour cream yogurt allowing bacteria decompose milk yeasts breads
matter matter makes matter visit park objects alike ways trees park benches trees objects ways objects substances substances properties properties characteristics color hardness properties tell substance kind property chemical property observe chemical property substance substance chemical properties depend substances affect air substance called rust form metal objects rusting chemical property metals seen rust burning chemical property substances burn burning chemical property substances burn substances formed burning chemical properties kind property physical property observe physical property changing substance substance physical chemical properties color physical property color park bench shown page color park bench physical property park bench hard hardness physical property park bench physical properties park bench physical properties kitten
compass find directions compass needles small magnets point north south earth north south poles magnetic compass needles line earth magnetic field rocks minerals tiny magnets minerals line earth magnetic field compass needles volcanic lava magnetic minerals magnetic minerals recent lava flows line earth magnetic poles magnetic minerals ancient lava flows line today magnetic poles think happened scientists thought ways earth magnetic poles continents scientists found evidence idea studying bottom oceans scientists send sound waves ship ocean bottom sound waves bounce bottom return ship bouncing sound waves called sonar echoes scientists measured amount takes sound waves leave ship return sonar echoes times find depth ocean places scientists topographic maps ocean bottom sonar echoes huge volcanic mountain ranges called mid ocean ridges discovered bottom oceans scientists studied mid ocean ridges found earth appears turning inside ridges
energy resource need energy resources energy resources change matter ways move heat cut burn eat chemical physical energy needed kind change energy resource supply material change matter plants energy resources eat plants chemical change takes place releases energy plants stored energy food supplies body energy change matter burning chemical change releases energy plants wood burned energy released heat light past animals plants supplied energy change matter walked rode horses place place axes handsaws cut trees wood burned cook food provide warmth energy resources past energy resources limited require lot energy today require energy meet needs matter changed machines products machines parts energy produce package transport store display items step making product requires energy main energy resources today fossil fuels fossil fuels energy plants animals lived millions ago
petroleum liquid mixture energy resource called crude oil petroleum formed decay ocean organisms organisms lived shallow warm seas millions ago organisms died settled bottom seas thick layers decaying organisms sediments formed layers formed top older layers millions heat pressure caused organic matter mud change petroleum shale rocks petroleum squeezed spaces nearby sandstone rocks huge sections sandstone petroleum oil reservoirs oil reservoirs giant sandstone sponges full petroleum oil reservoirs found deep earth surface drill deep earth search oil reservoirs large oil reservoir found petroleum pumped refinery refinery place parts mixture separated petroleum separated fuels valuable substances refinery picture shows parts separated barrel petroleum stored energy released petroleum fuels burned natural gas fossil fuel energy resource natural gas methane formed petroleum formed natural gas squeezed spaces sandstone rocks natural gas petroleum form natural gas found petroleum natural gas trapped top oil reservoirs
foods eat eating food important body food activity requires energy energy food body food eat plants animals protists supply body food food eat changed digestive system form cells kinds happen digestive system change physical food broken small pieces change chemical small pieces food changed molecules cells molecules supply energy activities organs digestive system form pathway food body food pass organ digestive system organs enzymes body digest food enzymes chemicals change rate chemical reactions enzymes speed change food molecules cells enzymes body digest food hours enzymes hormones imagine walking bakery smell mouth begin water liquid forms inside mouth saliva saliva enzyme saliva glands ducts leading mouth feel saliva move tongue inside mouth suppose buy loaf bread smells home sandwich lunch
inhale air nose mouth inhale nose air cleaned passes nose nasal cavity nasal cavity space nose nose nasal cavity lined hair sticky substance called mucus inhale nose hair mucus trap dust dirt air enters respiratory system mouth cleaned air warmed moistened passes nasal cavity nasal cavity air moves pharynx pharynx passage connects nasal cavity windpipe trachea trachea tube leads lungs trachea lined mucus filters air passes top trachea larynx larynx vocal cords sounds air passes vocal cords greater force air louder sounds patterns sounds controlled movements mouth pharynx control patterns sounds speak chest trachea divides branches called bronchi branch called bronchus bronchus leads lung lung organ gas exchange air blood takes place lungs chest inside lungs bronchi branch times bronchioles bronchioles end millions tiny air sacs called alveoli
look picture oldest person youngest children adults astronomers believe stars cycles stars properties size brightness color stars compositions astronomers think properties composition young stars older stars optical telescopes astronomers found large clouds dust hydrogen gas space large cloud dust gas called nebula effects gravity temperature pressure center nebula increase hydrogen gas center nebula helium gas change gas releases huge amount energy astronomers believe star born energy starts released gases begin glow star born hydrogen continues change helium young stars lot hydrogen older stars helium hydrogen sun middle aged star star begins larger turn red beginning red giant stage star cycle happens hydrogen star changed helium red giants times larger sun helium elements red giant stage star cycle red giant star begins shrink smaller smaller
need water malutka yuri mother handing pail mother called meant child yuri mind mother calling twelve children called pocket size small fit pocket yuri think funny yuri ran house pump water running water house city brother mikhail wrote home mikhail played soccer member national team yuri hoped someday play brother yuri wanted wouldn called pocket size eager try morning village soccer club ran house trying spill water yuri mother fixed favorite breakfast potato pancakes nervous eat set pail looked impatiently parents finally father tryouts yuri whooped joy ran house dirt road leading village village boys turned twelve recently including nikolai friends biggest boys grade school pushed smaller boys girls nikolai called yuri pocket size coach anton friend family yuri ran tryouts anton tell yuri nervous
winning marathon hardest things athlete marathon kilometers miles yards nonstop running run distance courage determination takes convince panting aching body going marathon named honor pheidippides soldier ancient greece knew going traveled kilometers foot help battle marathon pheidippides carry news victory athens kilometers started run exhausted reached athens gasped news fell dead extraordinary modern marathon runners soldier son ethiopian shepherd abebe bikila spent hours running mountains home later emperor palace guards running regularly enjoyed running stay shape addis ababa capital city ethiopia heard bikila entered summer olympics rome hours fifteen minutes marathon began burst tape circle international superstars part race run appian road ethiopians driven roman slaves thousands bikila started race pair running shoes soon began hurt feet kilometers pulled running barefoot ran rest race entered stadium hours later bikila seconds ahead runner
october rolls series baseball season started spring training ends teams play championship ballpark watch series millions watch games television listen radio popularity series goes baseball sport quickly found liking major leagues national league nl american association aa york mets aa champions providence grays nfl mets manager james mutrie idea play grays team issued challenge grays manager frank bancroft accepted games played providence won games called championship united states alfred spink st louis sportwriter called contest championship series word championship later dropped title shorter series extended games series featured exciting plays action baseball played ballplayers york yankees pitcher don larsen proved true game brooklyn dodgers pitched perfect game series history larsen allowed hits walks york errors single dodger managed base famous series moment actually happenend york chicago home run hitter babe ruth bat
summer small crowd twenty waited excitedly german barnyard front stood middle aged fading gray overalls chestnut brown horse fifteen minus shouted voice crowd overalls turned horse repeated question hans fifteen minus horse lifted front leg began tapping dirt taps stopped crowd began buzz quickly person asked hans question addition problem crowd fell silent hans began tap horse gave correct answer continued ask questions hans tapping answers fact math problem difficult horse named clever hans add subtract multiply divide able spell code numbers stand letters miles visit clever hans ask questions felt trick thought horse owner von controlling tapping giving hans signal stop correct number clever hans answer questions correctly von von visited dr pfungst psychologist psychologist studies behavior dr pfungst asked study clever hans weeks sure hans actually answering questions von explained studied hans convinced agreed let dr pfungst
summer twin engine airplane disappeared middle pacific ocean flying plane famous pilot amelia earhart person highly experienced navigator fred noonan radio contact anxious awaiting landing howland island tense voice earhart saying line position running north south thought hundred miles radio wasn working properly earhart couldn hear replies silence plane appeared mystery disappearance solved celebrated woman voice heard amelia earhart born atchison kansas girl amelia sister built homemade roller coaster roof tool shed backyard trial run wooden cart jumped track amelia tossed crash landing picked dusted remarked splendid adventure war amelia sister muriel took trip toronto canada saw wounded knew wanted help nurse aide hospital friends captain royal flying corps invited airfield watch fly idea pilot took hold afterward earhart moved los signed flying lessons took job telephone company earn thousand dollars pay
dorothea lange eighteen told mother going photographer mother surprised hear dorothea didn camera picture dorothea rest carried camera constantly putting camera neck morning natural part getting dressed putting shoes dorothea learned portraits york photographers worked studios practiced darkroom skills chicken coop house twenty dorothea set crossed country open photography studio san francisco studio portraits dorothea seat front lights focus big camera faces sure sat took pictures portrait studio busy successful dorothea interested crowded streets depression streets filled idle jobless millions united states didn money buy food clothing dorothea saw empty tin cup standing bread line street studio wait fill cup watery soup didn poor couldn find money pay working
martin noticed bill ryan newest member club lagging called boys stop bill caught martin noticed bill thin freckled face pale looked unhappy hiking fast martin asked don want fall lost trail hard follow path mountain getting steeper talked boys gathered looked bill curiously newcomer mike neighbor friend bill fastened pack securely shuffled feet don feel mike stared shocked angry imagine starting hike camp didn feel moment mike wished laid eyes bill ryan looked boys met accusing stares martin bad re sick bill matter stomach bill shook head tooth awful toothache pain bad martin asked want think home moment bill answered guess home martin started turn martin stopped bill responsible boys couldn knowing home safely looked watch let bill hour half hours
judy looked clock school lunchroom hours mind say mrs morgan say tate decide judy friend timmy asked don judy sighed don job tate timmy sure won mrs morgan judy nodded wanted mrs morgan didn offered judy job tate judy parents permission job school judy happy earn money large aquarium wanted began asking storekeepers needed errand girl judy beginning discouraged afternoon home school mother told mrs morgan needed run errands mrs morgan lived house top steep hill mrs morgan wouldn able pay job judy going tate called passed drugstore looking job judy asked helper quit yesterday need deliver orders judy yes remembered mrs morgan asked told tate let clock friday friday judy didn going
jenny sat put tree thought nice thoughts jenny glad lived ranch wished liked watch animals especially flock sheep black faced lamb lamb hours dad lamb jen job care grown start flock sheep jenny promised care lamb chores ranch job dad praised suddenly daydream interrupted voice jen forgotten chores dad shook head learn fair share responsibility learn things pushed reminded jenny careful chores morning prompt late finishing stopped watch sparrows early afternoon jenny felt impatient plenty finish thinning beets dad town jenny round hill week look doodlebugs liked watch ant lions sand traps lying wait ant small insect kicking puffs dust jenny hurried sagebrush flat round hill
aila stared snowy peaks himalayas today nepal high ranges clear mountains highest rose aila sighed brought eyes village busy excited sherpa leaving guide climbers everest highest peak happy aila happiest father lead guide ashamed father brave climbed high air thin crevasses cliffs aila frightened height cliff cross nepal swinging bridges head circles father hurried aila grinned waved hand soaring mountains tomorrow pointed bottom mountains raised finger fraction inch months maybe pointed sky aila grinned maybe father whispered rest anyway father continued aila stared feet bridge river hurry look ang mother don let wander lost likes walk hugged aila brother hoisted eighty pound pack began journey
african ostrich largest bird alive today full grown feet tall weigh pounds feathers male black white female dusty gray color bare neck legs varies blue gray pink ostriches fly skills jump high feet run fast driven land rover ostriches ran effortlessly miles hour told maintain speed half hour tired running ostrich funny graceful holds head neck wings held beautiful fans legs ostriches run feet padded streamlined foot large toe small toe measured footprints running ostrich found feet fossils ostrich eggshells bones found europe china ostriches lived entire continent africa today wild ostriches live mainly eastern southern africa working ostriches east africa ago chance eat fresh ostrich egg yolk white combined filled half cups equal dozen large chicken eggs flavor mild milder chicken eggs egg big omelette south africa began domesticate raise ostriches raise turkeys chickens ostrich meat eggs eaten
tom jerked deep sleep hear bleating sound wild running crash goats leaped bed pulled shoes grabbed flashlight dashed corral empty goats smashed gate tom flashed light enclosure caught beam big tawny animal beast cleared top rail tom younger brother dale scared voice mountain lion dale frightened goats badly broke gate ran going tom father left guard goats dale cried tom answered soon light look bed tom lay awake rest night worrying father struggled build herd angora goats pay ranch hundred goats town find buyer goats payment ranch goats corral told boys buyer goats daybreak tom woke dale boys snatched breakfast set search found trail frightened goats goat pasture empty upper pasture tom empty tom going dale cried
invitations kitten birthday bird course goat kitten friend turtle walk friends lived bottom large hill kitten lived top reach top trail want kitten party goat asked turtle nodded going bird bird shook head wait sleep early morning dawn stood bottom trail turtle looked yes goat turn easy turtle started turn turtle tired stay bird idea flew high air turtle fresh green leaves hill kind eat turtle licked lips tired hungry guess walked hill green leaves turtle ate ate finished looked leave goat walk turtle tell won football game hid ball shell turtle told game
stacy liked feed margaret mother cow reached pasture fence feed fed corn pail fed carrot tops garden margaret reach fence chew stacy jacket stacy pull jacket say jackets food stacy garden cow pasture margaret saw stacy bawled moo margaret wants treat stacy cow ran stacy ran fast stop fence front feet legs fence stacy ran stuck half pasture half pasture stacy tried lift margaret front feet fence pasture move cow chewed stacy jacket stacy pulled jacket margaret mouth pair wire cutters stacy cut wire hurt stacy ran wire cutters moo bawled cow stacy turned cow fence wandered stacy fence hurt stacy glad hurt patted cow margaret walked garden began eat stop stop yelled stacy garden mother garden food margaret move stacy pushed cow pushed pushed move stacy ran shed rope tied rope margaret neck pulled pulled rope
carol shaggy brown dog lost going carol mother going look sam look ways cross street mother told carol ran door saw dog disappear corner sam ran corner sam sam black poodle silver collar poodle leash leash held tall lady wore big black hat sam asked dog carol told lost thought dog sam tall lady poodle pierre pulled leash pierre carol hope find dog sure look ways cross street carol walked looked sam called suddenly carol noticed furry shape dart feldman butcher shop carol ran feldman slicing meat counter looked yes young lady asked carol looked shop thought saw dog lost feldman put meat corner shop saw told carol picked white kitten carol shook head sam sadly carol turned leave sorry feldman called dogs hot dogs hope find sam remember look ways cross street meow added kitten street carol called sam sam saw small shape running corner
ben father taught trick ben learned trick proud outdoors park house wanted find knew show trick ben saw friends cartwheels grass ten ben ten cartwheels ok let joe ben cartwheels ten walked playground friend mark riding bicycle playground look hands mark wasn holding handlebars bicycle ten ben hands bike playground ten times asked mark ten ben basketball court ben boy shooting ball straight basket ben friend jimmy ten ben ball ten times row let jimmy ten ben sat bench sat louis louis card trick pick card louis children shuffle cards picked card ten ben sure pick card ten times try louis ten ben ten asked ben stood bent arm put coin arm elbow
warm spring beth dug hole corner garden looked watching put small hole covered dirt friend mark hi tell beth secret secret kind secret hidden ground beth smiled shook head tell wait watch hey mark idea money pirates put money ground dig later spend dig help spend beth wouldn say wait days passed mark tired waiting beth played park beth found green leaves coming ground mark secret mark looked leaves put magic beans ground magic beanstalk climb sky big beth laughed wait wait summer days warm sunny beth swimming pool picnics friends plant garden grew grew grew days dark clouds filled sky raindrops bounced roofs sidewalks beth sat porch toys books mark brought checker board
squirrel lived elm tree edge park liked home nut tree tree hundred hops fences carry nuts cheek took gather nuts blue jay moved tree door jay trouble maker squirrel happy sure trouble began squirrel nut tree hundred hops fences tired lazy dug nice hole buried nut dug hole buried nut jay sat tree door watched soon squirrel scampered tree jay flew pecked pecked found nut naughty scream dug flew dropped yard street pecked found nut flew street dropped yard poor squirrel polite fight bird naughty jay danced doorstep chattered thief thief jay care hopped tree door screamed naughty scream loud squirrel chattered days jay stole squirrel nuts poor squirrel knew find stop troublemaker thought trick nut tree
scientific theory able tested tested found theory observations experiments disprove theory changed rejected theory valuable scientific tool helps explain past events predict future events scientists term law place theory laws theories similar theories scientific laws changed result observations experiments points spirit heart science allow questions asked scientific explanations considered scientists investigate problems solve problem problem remains unsolved scientists try solve problem search answer orderly systematic manner systematic approach problem solving called scientific method basic steps scientific method steps need order orders sense order scientist tries solve mystery depends nature mystery basic steps scientific method shown figure shows earth scientist scientific method solve problem stepped lake ocean winter noticed temperature water lower summer questioned
astronomers optical telescopes study planets stars objects space main kinds optical telescopes called refracting telescopes reflecting telescopes refracting telescope series lenses focus magnify light stars larger lenses refracting telescope greater light gathering power refracting telescope yerkes observatory wisconsin light gathering power times greater human eye yerkes observatory telescope largest refracting telescope diameter largest lens inches reflecting telescopes series mirrors lenses gather light stars inch hale telescope mount palomar california largest reflecting telescopes telescopes astronomers observe objects billions light earth recently kind optical telescope developed telescope called multiple mirror telescope small mirrors large mirror multiple mirror telescope built atop mount hopkins arizona inch mirrors multiple mirror telescopes help lessen enormous cost constructing large mirrored telescopes optical telescopes detect visible light stars light form energy stars give forms energy visible light astronomers built telescopes detect invisible forms energy part stars give visible light space objects give infrared energy term infrared energy heat energy
diagonal line drawn end base line apparent position star june december lines form triangle tip triangle true position star vertical line drawn true position star base triangle line labeled actual distance star parallax reliable method measuring distance stars close earth distance stars light found parallax angles parallax triangle small accurately measured determine distance star light earth astronomers brightness star plug star apparent magnitude absolute magnitude complicated formula formula close approximation distance star brightness parallax star million light earth determine distance distant stars astronomers spectrascope read light star moving earth red shift spectrum measuring amount red shift star spectrum complex formulas astronomers calculate light earth star located learned light star determine composition temperature distance exactly star shine
quiet stillness spring morning small siberian village tunguska suddenly shattered series explosions houses trembled windows broke thrown ground frightening rumbles heard ball fire cut sky size shape moved quickly object dipped horizon huge flame shot crack sky fell roar sky scorching path astronomers explanations confirmed leonid kulik astronomer explored tunguska area hoped solve mystry blast reached edge burned forest noticed bark fallen trees scorched underlying wood untouched fire forest fire broken trees touched brilliant flare formed pattern spokes bicycle wheel tree pointed directly site blast appeared trees fallen force explosion kulik thought scene created fall giant meteor earth encounter giant meteor giant meteors masses thousands hundreds thousands tons massive earth atmosphere slow
substance read common table salt mineral mineral naturally occuring substance formed earth mineral single element copper gold sulfur mineral elements chemically combined form compound mineral halite compound sodium chloride elements sodium chlorine order substance called mineral special properties property mineral inorganic substance inorganic substances formed living things remains living things calcite compound calcium carbon oxygen mineral formed underground water dissolved elements coal oil found underground minerals formed decayed plant animal property mineral occurs naturally earth steel cement manufactured substances minerals gold silver asbestos occur naturally minerals property mineral solid minerals read halite calcite gold silver asbestos solids fourth property mineral single element compound definite chemical composition mineral silver silver atoms mineral quartz entirely compoiund formed elements silicon oxygen sample quartz billions atoms atoms silicon oxygen joined definite
type rock formed sediments sediments small pieces rocks shells remains plants animals carried deposited wind water ice millions sediments settled bottom ocean sediments pressed cemented form sedimentary rocks type rock formed result occur existing rocks tremendous heat pressure chemical reactions change existing rocks rocks rocks called metamorphic rocks descriptions igneous sedimentary metamorphic rocks igneous rocks earth began deep earth magma magma cooled hardened beneath earth surface reached surface cooled igneous rocks beneath earth surface constantly subjected physical chemical conditions change result sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks igneous rocks formed continuous changing rocks type called rock cycle figure page sediments formed breaking igneous sedimentary metamorphic rocks earth surface sediments deposited layers layers sediments form sedimentary rocks rocks broken form sediments igneous sedimentary rocks buried deep beneath earth surface pressure tremendous heat change rocks rocks minerals
fresh water earth surface found moving water standing water rivers streams springs moving water ponds lakes swampy wetlands standing water water moves sources fresh water salty oceans air land endless cycle cycle continuous chain events water cycle continuous movement water oceans freshwater sources air land oceans water cycle called hydrologic cycle constantly renews earth supply fresh water main steps water cycle step water cycle involves heat energy sun energy water surface earth change vapor gas process called evaporation enormous amounts water evaporate oceans water evaporates freshwater sources soil animals plants water vapor carried winds land oceans step water cycle involves process called condensation condensation process vapor liquid condensation occur air water vapor cooled exactly happens warm air close earth surface rises warm air cools longer hold water vapor water vapor condenses droplets water form clouds clouds salty clouds
farmers water mix fertilizers crops medicines buy water dissolve medication minerals chemicals dissolved water water treatment plants remove harmful minerals chemicals wastes chlorine chemical kills bacteria added drinking water cities towns water treatment plants add fluorides water dissolved fluorides help prevent tooth decay taste odor appearance water vary area area differences depend amount type material dissolved water water drink groundwater surface source water hard soft hardness softness water depends source water types rocks soil water comes contact hard water large amounts dissolved minerals especially calcium magnesium soap lather easily hard water hard water mineral deposits build hot water heaters plumbing systems soft water minerals present problems lathering soap mineral deposits water softened naturally passes reacts rock formations minerals minerals remove calcium magnesium water soft homes hard water water softeners remove minerals hard type water home tell water earth important maintain quality water
tropical waters continental shelf unusual looking volcanic islands seen surrounding islands offshore large masses ridges limestone rocks limestone structures shells animals structures called coral reefs reef building organisms live waters colder reefs found tropical waters south pacific ocean caribbean sea reef building organisms live depths greater meters need sunlight hard limestone skeletons sunlight depth types coral reefs type called fringing reefs fringing reefs coral reefs touch shoreline volcanic island width fringing reefs hundred meters generally meters type coral reef called barrier reefs barrier reefs separated shore area shallow water called lagoon barrier reefs generally larger fringing reefs islands barrier reefs surround sunk farther ocean islands fringing reefs surround barrier reef australia kilometers wide kilometers rich kinds plant animal type coral reef found farther ocean ring coral reefs called atoll atoll surrounds island worn sunk beneath waves
summer continental tropical air mass forms land mexico brings dry hot air southwestern states continental polar air mass forms land northern canada winter cold dry air mass cold temperatures united states air masses meet front forms front boundary air masses temperatures humidity weather front unsettled stormy types fronts cold front forms mass cold air meets replaces mass warm air figure cold air mass forces underneath warm air mass pushes upward violent storms cold front fair cool weather follows warm front forms mass warm air overtakes cold air mass moves figure rain showers accompany warm front hot humid weather follows cold front travels faster warm front cold front overtakes warm front occluded front occurs warm air pushed upward cold air meets cool air result occluded front produces extreme weather cold warm front occluded front occur cool air overtakes cold front warm air pushed upward warm air mass meets cold air mass movement occurs stationary front forms rain fall area days stationary front place
grassland soil regions wheat barley rye major crops grown major crop grown prairie soil corn cornbelt united states prairie soil region addition corn important crops wheat soybeans grown prairie soil hogs cattle raised region dry regions western united states desert soil water regions limited leaching occur desert soil large quantity minerals water present desert soil growing plants desert soil topsoil plants grow desert soil regions raising sheep goats cattle crops grown regions irrigation irrigation process supplying land water artificial canals sprinkler systems soil slopes mountains western united states called mountain soil mountain soil dry soil jagged pieces rocks small amounts clay sand mountain soil topsoil topsoil washed mountain rain pulled mountain landslides mountain soil immature consists mainly weathered bedrock higher mountain ranges growing crops soil regions deep fertile large deposits metallic ores copper silver lead zinc found rocky mountains
sand dunes vary size shapes figure shows formation sand dune side dune facing wind gentle slope sand carried gentle slope windward side crest top dune crest sand dropped wind sand slides side side dune slip face steep slope wind blows sand dunes move areas form move direction wind blowing sand dune moves eroded side built side moving sand dunes cover buildings farmlands trees fine particles sand silt deposited dunes deposited wind kilometers picked layers fine sand silt deposited area loess formed deposits loess light color meters thick loess deposits found northern central parts mississippi river valley found northeast china large dust storms gobi desert asia formed loess deposits hundreds meters thick windbreak decrease wind erosion aid wind deposition windbreak barrier wind slow wind speed decreased load carried wind dropped fences windbreaks
end mesozoic era dinosaurs extinct scientists theories explain dinosuars extinct theory huge asteroid comet hit earth force dust soot air blocked sunlight blocking sunlight resulted worldwide freezing temperatures warmblooded mammals able survive sudden temperature change dinosaurs theory explain extinction dinosaurs gradual occurred physical environment widespread tropical climate mesozoic era slowly replaced temperate cold climates large plant eating dinosaurs adapt fast resulting plant growth suppose flesh eating dinosaurs affected plant eating dinosaurs died cenozoic era era live divided periods tertiary period began million ago quaternary period began million ago scientists call cenozoic era age mammals mammals dominant form mammals horses bison deer characterize era fossils apes found rocks dating earlier era large animals mammoths roamed earth fossil evidence rock records scientists concluded highest plateaus mountain ranges uplifted cenozoic era era general drying cooling earth result variety climate past
source energy help replace fossil fuels nuclear energy vast amounts energy released nucleus atom split nuclear power plant atoms uranium split nuclear reactor process called nuclear fission nucleus split heat convert water steam steam turbine electric energy produced problems nuclear fission solved replace energy sources problem radioactive wastes produced fission process wastes give radiation deadly forms date safe storing nuclear wastes discovered nuclear wastes stockpiled store safely found store nuclear wastes found future nuclear energy doubt danger nuclear power radiation released accident nuclear power plant accidents occurred amount radioactive material environment caused damage accidents caused reconsider need nuclear power plants problem nuclear energy turned inexpensive source energy costs building nuclear power plants risen tremendously costs plants dangers radiation nuclear power plants planned today
early part century lakes rich aquatic wildlife plentiful nearby areas slowly aquatic plants animals began die animals dependent organisms barely survived entire lake regions unable support blame situation acid rain acid rain killed fish thousands lakes destroyed trees ruined soil corroded concrete stone polluted drinking water posed health hazards acid raid rain nitric acid sulfuric acid acids formed series chemical reactions water vapor oxides nitrogen sulfur air oxides nitrogen sulfur pollutants pollutants air problem begins burning coal oil natural gas industry fossil fuels burned release nitrogen oxides sulfur oxides air large smokestacks factories spew dangerous gases gases react water vapor clouds form droplets nitric acid sulfuric acid acid droplets captured rain snowflakes point rain snow falls earth acid precipitation known acid rain acid air travel hundreds thousands kilometers reaches regions destructive high sensitivity regions common characteristics mainly northern hemisphere highly industrialized areas downwind large factories mountainous graced forests
society mean group small club nation cooperate society ideas needs members society organizes process meeting members needs called economic system societies economic systems societies needs met book examine ways live united states america study american free enterprise system organized help obtain maximum satisfaction economic choices going consider principle underlies societies economic systems principle interdependence jim demonstrating principle interdependence jeans interdependence describes situation individual society depends relies individuals groups turn relied took produce raw material jim jeans took manufacture raw material jeans jeans jim town took run store jim bought jeans jim dependent wanted place easily buy turn jim relied relied buy spent effort produce interdependence underlies economic systems
human wants expand naturally development technology united states grew industrial nation citizens demanded wider choice goods services happening developing nations today receive things quality improves increased consumption places burden resources produce things adds problem scarcity need fuel automobiles airplanes run air conditioners factories helped increase scarcity oil advanced country increases resources need increasing amounts resources maintain americans automobiles basic necessity cars americans travel purchase food increasing human wants basic scarcity want supplied situation scarcity exists unfortunately earth limited supply natural resources human resources machinery technology produced clash unlimited wants limited resources fundamental economic problem face according economists concerned future society happiness survival depends limited resources satisfy unlimited wants scarcity occurs result primary wants secondary wants obviously sole scarcity results limited quantities resource difficulty obtaining resource natural disasters political actions poor planning
read economic system society organized solve basic economic questions produce produce produce command system free enterprise system major kinds economic systems today operate differently serve determine scarce resources country satisfy limited primary wants unlimited secondary wants soviet union major command economic system government makes economic decisions citizens united states contrast basic economic decisions largely result millions individuals making private decisions acting independently systems arrange meet wants combining factors production natural resources human resources capital resources factors yield array goods services consume producers society soviet union government acts producer america producers owners directors business enterprises entrepreneurs women responsibility production invest energy money create vast output leads high standard living looking economic systems organized discussed factors production combined produce goods services look roles played participants economic system
chapter discuss role profit explain profit essential increasing economic growth free enterprise system learn entrepreneurs risks risk taking benefit learn distinguish profit income discover role profit understood helps free enterprise system everyday language profit amount money left sale products services subtracting spent provide grow fruits vegetables sell roadside stand profit left paid seed fertilizer equipment rental expenses sell vegetables paid expenses case difference spent called loss free enterprise system called profit loss system selling vegetables illustrates simple manner problem risk decided sell known weather competitors drive stand pay produce free enterprise system centralized planning businesses compete customers business decision involves element risk businesses try decide customers buy product service cost
system differentiated competition companies sell similar product manufacturers jeans producers toothpaste cold remedies perfume differences competitive products greater differences nationally advertised toothpastes instance wheat farmers offering chicago auction difference price producers differentiated system large power influence market advertise product consumer offer special features price difference product rivals products huge lose sales charge consumers remain loyal product producers control selling price differentiated competitors compete brand image producers differentiate products advertising grows united states knows extensive advertising fact differentiated competition common form competition major american industries avoid supplying specific market companies fragment break markets producing variety products cereal company produce cereal twenty differences large variety competes competitor product serving group customers increasing total sales
economic system totally free business owners banks consumers workers abide rules regulations income comes personal wages corporate earnings interest savings government takes sizable portion taxes department stores street vendors legally required tax permit business americans practice medicine law sell stocks bonds drive taxi operate pharmacy restaurant beauty parlor variety licenses permits certificates required government protection consumers assure important things responsibility competence cleanliness pay taxes documents need law free businesses free sell price preferred customer price businesses fix prices government sets standards minimum wages working conditions sees labor management negotiate fairly regulates quality safety products automobiles meat cosmetics children toys controls amount money banks influences interest borrowers pay ways government involves economy examples clear american economic system adam smith free market economy chapter
pure free market economic system availability labor determined goods services law supply demand economists feel ideal system operate fact supply demand operate american labor market demand workers tasks reflected money offered money influence supply workers seen consider regional differences job differences experience important factors affect jobs needs gas pipeline built alaska workers job alaska cold remote area high wages offered attract workers areas regional differences affected demand labor supply workers incomes job differences affect supply workers incomes test pilots brain surgeons professional athletes require difficult training require natural talent addition dangerous test pilot involves risk responsibility brain surgeon supply fill jobs limited according law supply demand incomes high factor reflects law supply demand experience worker company learned ways company hard replace effectively workers considerable experience tend earn money
agrees laws desirable protect honest businesses dishonest irresponsible americans concerned government increasingly active role regulator believe body laws affect free enterprise system grown fast relies heavily command control type regulations regulations involve government directly decision making process management effect massively tightening government control business oppose increasing regulation believe inappropriate role government free enterprise system disagree argue business represents constituencies government needs interests public consumers workers citizens need protected view profit motive business sufficient motivation operate framework laws regulations power concentrated federal government powerful pure command system fragmented bits pieces working achieve goals advantage fragmented power oppose change piece fragmented power meant regulations piled top regulations regulations environmental protection agency epa conflict goals energy research development administration erda branch government subsidizes tobacco farmers spends millions informing public dangers smoking
corporation larger visible partnership single ownership businesses result corporation subject complex rules regulations rules difficult corporation operate corporations subject heavy federal taxes uncommon corporations pay percent tax profits federal income taxes double taxation corporate profits corporation taxed person law profits returned stockholders form dividends stockholders taxed dividends received sole proprietorships partnerships corporations types business organizations common hear cooperatives franchises number business arrangements cooperatives ops groups small businesses similar fields band benefits gain buying selling large quantities groups producers farmers consumers cases members cooperative contribute organization services virtually cost group farmers form cooperative build processing plant selling produce food processing company makes profit sells processed foods farmers receive profits similarly group consumers organize buy large quantities food wholesale prices cooperative efficiently run food wasted cheaper food
mediator listens sides attempts reach compromise solution acceptable sides mediator force sides accept suggestions strike occur mediator continue trying help sides reach agreement avoid damaging stoppage arbitration similar mediation major difference mediator recommends solutions arbitrator act judge listening sides arbitrator render decision binding parties ninety percent labor management negotiations end amicably collective bargain successfully reached party help happens labor management agree fair case sides resort tactics common union tactics attempting persuade management accept union demands strike boycott political pressure powerful weapon unions strike strike temporary stoppage labor production force management accept union demands workers working company losing production profits strike picketing union members pickets stationed plant entrances pickets discourage workers going picket signs inform public strike discourage entering company plant offices business issue settled boycott organized attempt consumers union members agree union buying company products
part limits personal economic action activity marketplace person looking house willing pay interests constantly competing competition chapter helps economy working limit economic freedom limits economic freedoms limitation involves choices choose buy car instance cost opportunity buy ideal house choose sell property person sell economic actions limit future choices limits called opportunity costs detail chapter limitation activity comes moral consideration freedom goes responsibility responsibility part freedom freedom opens possibility harm freedom speech mean knowingly print lies economic liberty limited morality freedoms guaranteed protected constitution freedoms citizens seek personal freedoms respect personal freedoms individuals point expressed supreme court judge rights end end nose moral issues led legislation
member force offering skills training industrial firms companies produce country gnp return skills employer pay form money income money income form hourly wage weekly salary similar type payment family firm money income reward receive seen previous chapters high productivity major feature american economy productivity refers amount human resources needed produce service refers goods services produced unit cost productivity force measured instance carpenter chair half automobile salesperson averages half sell automobile productive similar worker takes perform job high productivity main reasons american income levels higher countries reason high income levels creativity creativity workplace means recognizing ways things inventing products devising ways marketing existing products accounts receivable clerk suggests handling billing helps company money
course specialization lead efficiencies lead greater expertise economies scale concentrating product countries learn produce efficiently experience managers entrepreneurs develop costly production techniques workers skilled managers workers expert industries produce higher quality products larger numbers cost waste large scale production economical production small scale instance economical bake dozen cookies bake dozen cookies today dozen tomorrow energy cost heating oven greater cost heating labor cost preparing batter greater cost mixing batter principle works similar international trade holland produce cheese countries equipment labor resources required produce cheese dutch market resources producing cheese cost pound cheese savings produced large scale production called economies scale economies scale provide savings international trade international trade mean production vast scale especially large economies benefits gained trade dramatic trading cost course trading requires transportation communication cost money
american free enterprise system equal competing economic systems produced goods services system united states gross national product trillion capita income americans nearly americans millionaires property businesses worth million states york california texas accounted percent millionaires standard america rich country american wealth confined millionaires wealth system widely distributed americans rich poor middle class economic terms means majority americans live single family houses ten american families automobile families television set americans afford necessities nearly provide food clothing shelter transportation necessity economy million houses built million cars sold fewer percent american workers farmers percent supermarket shelves carry separate items fact necessities luxurious cars provide owners basic transportation houses air conditioning garbage disposal swimming pool americans eat strawberries winter willing pay farmers distributors warm climates southern hemisphere ship crops northward
criticize health care employs provide services important low productivity cite fact average physician supported ten additional health care workers begin working health care predict nation rate productivity continue decline health care expensive united states critics add lags nations measures success point united states infant mortality rate measures number newborn babies die age worse ten countries feel american health care system argue united states produces sophisticated medical surgical equipment country physicians countries united states study point patients united states treated renowned health care facilities houston york los say american health care expensive precisely run truly free enterprise basis claim consumers tend treat health practitioners monopoly result comparison shop health care services willing exercise free choice marketplace argue american health care continue high priced
wind empty sky deserted earth miyax felt bleakness left remember mother miyax scarcely died remember death wind screaming wild high notes hurling ice filled waves beach kapugen holding hand walking stumbled put shoulders high beach saw thousands birds diving sea jaegers screamed sandpipers cried feathered horns comical puffins drooped low kapugen told grieving saw sad divinely happy going kapugen occasionally climbed cliffs brought eggs eat occasionally took arms leaned rock slept times warmth big sealskin parka walked later kapugen aunt martha told lost mind mother died grabbed miyax walked fine house mekoryuk left important job manager reindeer herd left possessions walked seal camp martha told miyax seal camp infinitely scenes events beautiful color spots memory kapugen house driftwood beach rosy gray inside gold brown walrus tusks gleamed drums harpoons knives decorated walls
ask liked say exciting sad funny romantic adventure story interesting ideas presents author introduces ideas story ways character story speak character express idea act story give readers ideas think author pause telling story present idea directly readers setting express ideas important idea julie wolves eskimos living close nature nature creatures story help stopping think important idea eskimos closeness nature appears description fishing scene silver memory sun horizon winter miyax beach close kapugen helping haul huge gleaming net beautiful white whale sight side whale hear cheered gift sea whale mountain high cliffs sunlit clouds kapugen huge black frostbitten hand small touched body whale welcome things sun whale remember sun shine months end arctic winter sun peeking horizon welcome sight
patty bergen age twelve oldest daughter jewish family small southern town jenkinsville arkansas reason parents don father harry bergen annoyed angry angry beats patty mother pearl bergen find daughter goes insulting patty appearance manners patty acquaintances real friends schoolmates imagine feels lonely ugly unloved friend protector patty ruth bergen housekeeper ruth mothering patty summer german soldier takes place hitler germany defeat war ii german prisoners war arriving united states growing numbers prisoner war camp opened jenkensville german prisoners arrive put picking cotton nearby fields group prisoners brought harry bergen store buy field hats sun young german named anton reiker speaks english translates patty sells pencils small articles chat instantly meeting patty hopes anton course considered dangerous enemy united states townspeople felt jews hitler friendship jewish girl strange anton german feel hitler
apron decided yonder didn kindly started rear hanging wait christmas bare butt privates catching thorn step calf coming inch closer coming apron stopped heave pantleg dogwood tree thick fencepost things happen trousers rip apron uproot tree calf slide happened apron stood shaking heaving straining moved forward step pantleg knotted dogwood apron didn calf bawled making weaker noise apron heave place bitch yelled grabbing dead blackberry cane bullwhip big broom handle move big black smelly ass hear hit boy beast hit cow beat hard crying held big cane thorns chewing hands real bad madder kicked stoned kicked hard udder thought heard grunt hind quarters sort hunkered brush started forward trousers tight heard rip calf bawl big hunk hot stinking stuff
everyday speech stress saying saying mean strange expressions hear leaving boring class beautiful spring say spend mean exactly opposite course terrible spend ironic figure speech called irony opposite mean friend carries irony sharp biting don love pile nice weather irony called sarcasm remark sarcastic situation say sitting calluses backside didn calluses exaggerating overstating discomfort figure speech called exaggeration stress call attention boredom say things slow today didn mean things extremely slow fact thought clock stopped figure speech called understatement find figures speech conversation find reading pigs die robert thinks edward thatcher says kick end vermont clearly overstatement exaggeration chasing cow getting scratched kicked pains robert says chasing apron patch prickers sure took fun business
mrs merriweather gave thirty minute description colonel exploits discovered bent knees tuck costume sit sat listened mrs merriweather drone bass drum boom soon fast asleep later mrs merriweather putting grand finale crooned po confidence born pine trees butterbeans entering cue waited seconds called po materialized yelled pork heard sleep band playing dixie woke mrs merriweather triumphantly mounted stage flag chose entrance chose incorrect thought catch rest told later judge taylor auditorium stood slapping knees hard mrs taylor brought glass water pills mrs merriweather hit cheering caught backstage told ruined pageant feel awful jem fetch sympathetic couldn costume sitting tell feeling bad costume don late jem atticus making feel things wrong jem crowd consented wait backstage audience left
george lay sand crossed hands head lennie imitated raising head god re lot trouble george easy nice didn tail live easy maybe girl moment lennie lay quiet hopefully gonna ranch george awright re gonna sleep reason going fast tops gabilan mountains flamed light sun valley water snake slipped pool head held periscope reeds jerked slightly current highway shouted shouted sycamore limbs rustled wind died immediately george goin ranch supper supper ranch george rolled side reason tomorra re gonna seen thrashin machines means bucking grain bags bustin gut tonight gonna lay look lennie knees looked george gonna supper sure gather dead willow sticks cans beans bindle fire ready give match sticks heat beans supper
act differently pressure act times calm friendly person monster trouble job unflappable matter difficult situation rock gibraltar person apply pressure soon kind character dealing filled conflicts person reacts conflict measure person character true fiction real learn lot character character reacts conflicts arise story character affected conflicts course story result conflict character story march book say conflict passage small argument dead mouse small conflict tells deal george lennie relationship tells lennie important later george sat awright brusquely gi mouse lennie elaborate pantomime innocence mouse george mouse george held hand give puttin lennie hesitated backed looked wildly brush line contemplated running freedom george coldly gonna give mouse sock lennie reluctantly reached pocket
father father school mary jane wakowski eyeing funny expression father sort fat glasses corner talking mrs darling gave kind steady blank look don father say fact practice school knew didn ask don mind haven tend think quick answers evelyn girl lives building says birthmark birthmark leg brown spot says months months practically meets says thing leg fall hit boy asked dog leg think say sort put person place feel dumb asking says months asks forgets mentions forgotten remarks mary jane wise expression thinks smart father teacher teaching things home algebra knows school parents divorced guess
passed gym group dormitories dark silent hundred devon summer fill school passed sprawling headmaster house empty government washington past chapel empty short mornings past academy building dim lights shining windows masters classrooms short slope broad clipped common light fell big surrounding georgian buildings dozen boys loafing grass dinner kitchen rattle wing buildings accompanied talk sky darkening steadily brought lights dormitories houses loud phonograph played don sit apple tree rejected played re young grew ambitious warsaw concerto mellower nutcracker suite stopped finny room yellow study lights read hardy assignments halfway tess carried baffled struggle madding crowd amused named gabriel oak bathsheba everdene illegal radio tuned low intelligible broadcasting news rustling early summer movement wind seniors allowed later fairly quietly bell sounded ten stately times boys ambled past door bathroom period steadily pouring shower water
looking act characters looking say authors choose actions include story carefully meaning action reasons including words action represent idea called symbolic action actions story symbolic author include action move story provide bit humor actions symbolic larger meaning idea story actions tree reveal courage fear effort overcome fear reason actions symbolic actions deal ideas symbols finny fearless jumps quickly easily gene fearful controls fear finally dares jump boys remain ground acting symbolizes looking passages actions symbolic larger idea author writing authority hurry late dinner breaking finny called west point stride phineas didn dislike west point authority general considered authority evil happiness achieved reaction backboard returned insults threw west point stride intolerable foot flashed middle fast walk pitching forward grass
clock harry coming later rang front doorbell lying lazily reading book veranda sunshine didn hear bit later margot appeared kitchen door looking excited call notice daddy whispered mummy van van friend works daddy business shock call knows means picture concentration camps lonely cells allow doomed course won declared margot waited mummy van discuss move hiding place tomorrow van going silence couldn talk thinking daddy knowing going visiting joodse invalide waiting mummy heat suspense overawed silent suddenly bell rang harry don open door margot held heard mummy van downstairs talking harry closed door bell margot creep softly daddy opening door margot room van wanted talk mummy bedroom margot told call daddy frightened began cry
tea managed say taking deep breath beer suit sir balin white beard don mind cake seed cake lots bilbo found answering surprise found scuttling cellar fill pint beer mug pantry fetch beautiful round seed cakes baked afternoonfor supper morsel balin dwalin talking table friends matter fact brothers bilbo plumped beer cake front loud ring bell thenanother ring gandalf thought puffed passage dwarves blue hoods silverbelts yellow beards carried bag tools spade hopped soon door began open bilbo surprised dwarves kili service fili added swept blue hoods bowed family replied bilbo remembering manners dwalin balin kili let join throng throng thought baggins don sound sit minute collect wits drink
going strange creatures strange characters story everyday backyard believe dragons comfortable idea small furry feet local supermarket imagine setting planet hometown distant future distant past suppose left imagine believe green lived mars say yes dragons cases believe strange creatures strange places sake story believe want hobbit tolkien created entire fantasy story believable creation order business meet characters find whatthey introduced hole ground lived hobbit nasty dirty wet hole filled ends worms oozy smell dry bare sandy hole sit eat hobbit hole means comfort perfectly round door porthole painted green shiny yellow brass knob exact middle door opened tube shaped hall tunnel comfortable tunnel smoke panelled walls floors tiled carpeted provided polished chairs lots ofpegs hats coats hobbit fond visitors
seen fantasy kinds stories setting unreal characters strange action magical quality separates excellent fantasies generations enduring fantasies speak set fantasy worlds tell inhabit put mirrored reflected fantasy author lewiscarroll mind naming sequel alice wonderland chose title looking glass fantasy mirror usual fantasy real exactly alike mirror fun house fantasy reflects distorted image look strange looking glass fantasy situation occur real hobbit fantastic entertainment look author fantasy worldto say real injustice evil greedy individual seized wealth wealth purpose sits enjoys greedy pleasure worse destroys country doubt greedy evil powers real thing group bands try recover sidelines bilbo baggins satisfied content let evil bother
age knew exactly going grew going zoo outrageous ambition true took longer achieve anticipated age twenty exact senile appreciate site chose zoo persuaded ingenuous bank lend capital beautiful fifteenth century manor house island jersey biggest channel island islands lying fairly south enjoy considerably climate britain usual preliminaries persuading jersey intend release lions devour herds pedigreed cattle flocks pythons devour children noxious small rodents decimate tomato potato crops wife set zoo living middle zoo vastly proposition visiting occasionally charm able visit animals hour night order observe nocturnal animal performs interesting action clock morning simply slip dressing gown potter watch thing makes obvious soon secondary importance happiness animals worse find private bound inextricably private lives specimens
pulps thrived magnificently depression jobless relief able afford movie spare dime pulp book read stove attention diverted television imagine writers western television scripts approach chores sort relaxed fun loving attitude deadline medium demanding golden era rejection slip meant story sell line months later check money home pulp books launched write lot words penny word masters considerable late max brand famous profits pulps enabled live italian villa pulp magazine fans knew real frederick faust wrote beautiful things literary magazines king pulps late henry bedford jones production line methods word novelettes found novelettes featured covers battery electric typewriters story going western french foreign legion yarn south seas pearl pirate thriller touch system plotted rewrite swift narrative pace slowed western quickly moved sahara tahiti averaged words
evidences asia common russia camels lower volga definite characteristics appearance architecture language dress expected folklore native dances music colored asiatic influences intriguing devious side russian nature love proverbs fondness jewels gold horses subtle complex attitude woman eastern western secretiveness suspicion oriental degree play part scale russian values russian trait tartar days marked tsars today russian conspiratorial nature spite deep patriotism intrigues power high places flourished natural fertile soil police form existed russia informer familiar character forced shadowy activities pervades walks russia today major instrument maintaining regime power blackmail spying provacateurs physical moral pressures inseparable police stories revolutionary movements tsarist days highly conspiratorial nature spiced danger special fascination russian russians peculiar pride respect tendency low bow accompanied oriental gesture sweeping motion outstretched arm floor fingers extended extreme seen occasionally gesture bit chelom literally beat head floor
lived missouri turn century seen big tornadoes lived twisters past prepared violence tornado twister plenty advance notice brilliant electrical storm struck hour tornado hit town electrical display continue forked lightening split heavens low rumbling sound thunder stopped sky turned dirty gray color knew kind storm brewing feared word tornado discussing approaching weather early evening storm struck wasn tornado sign swirling spout air carried dorothy land oz winds blew st louis tornado reach speed miles hour chimneys telegraph poles knocked st louis thought storm bad relieved escaped tornado roar sound thousand express trains real tornado struck st louis lightning began flash bright green horrified citizens st louis saw tornado spinning funnel bearing looked swaying trunk unseen elephant tornado strength thousands elephants force tornado wind drove wheat straws half inch deep living trees tornado headed st louis fairgrounds country famous horce racing tracks race run tornado struck
big ship afire coast shark river ships radioed question coast guard stations jersey coast coast guard shore patrols watchtowers big ship fire miles sea fire looked bad ship sos fired distress rockets ship fire luxury liner morro castle completing part havana cuba york city trip fire begun passengers sleep tired traditional captain ball held night events marred dinner spoiler terribly rough weather passengers seasick spent bed event spoiled captain ball absence captain wilmott collapsed carried cabin ball announced captain died heart attack succeeded captain wilmott morro castle chief mate officer william warms warms watch bridge early morning september suddenly alarm signaled fire aboard ship warms acting captain issued orders closed ship fire doors prevent fire spreading cut ship speed prevent wind fanning flames spreading radio signal ship trouble need help acting captain warms things fact opposite speeded morro castle
morning december fire bosses inspectors monongah west virginia coal mine inspection methane found trace deadly gas makes coal mining dangerous fire damp methane gas scientific suffocating highly explosive miners feared dug earth coal past times miners brought canaries mines detect fire damp birds sensitive fire damp fall unconscious die presence gas happened miners left mine fans ventilate mine drive gas inspectors monongah mine latest equipment test fire damp found mine twenty foot fan mouth mine shaft largest ventilator mine united states miners worked light open flame lanterns attached hardhats giant fan run electric motor electricity pumping water mine cutting seam coal running train cars hauling coal surface december eighteen miner running eighteen car electric train cars reached top incline pin held cars snapped causing train start roll miner operating train ran ahead effort cut electricity cars reached bottom
tremendous crowd boston cocoanut grove nightclub november club held legal capacity united states involved war ii cocoanut grove crowded soldiers ready sail europe sailors boston big naval base patrons celebrating afternoon football game holy cross boston college warplant workers pockets bulging overtime pay rounded crowd cocoanut grove suggests fitted look south seas paradise bamboo palm trees swaying blue tropical skies south seas glamour unfortunately flammable paper cloth blue skies blue satin cloth bamboo paper palm trees table chair paper fateful night guests wanted room known melody lounge darker unscrewed lightbulb ceiling stanley tomaszewski sixteen busboy cocoanut grove job clear tables dirty glasses plates bartender saw dark melody lounge ordered busboy replace missing bulb tomaszewski climbed chair bulb couldn screw light lit match held burned fingers pain tomaszewski dropped match paper palm tree caught fire ignited blue cloth sky fire jumped quickly ceiling paper palms bamboo bartender swiped fire wet towel fire extinguisher fire confined melody lounge room started
united states canada shipped vast quantities war material allies war millions tons munitions passed canadian port halifax nova scotia citizens city feared attack german zeppelins dirigibles airships artillery batteries set shore prevent underwater attacks submarine nets strung entrance harbor harbor reached channel mile wide channel appropriately named narrows morning december french ship mont blanc threading channel bound europe load munitions mont blanc floating bomb cargo consisted tons tnt explosives gallons benzene highly flammable liquid heading mont blanc narrows freighter imo returning empty belgium imo blew whistle signal pass mont blanc starboard reason explained imo continued straight mont blanc captain mont blanc realized couldn ship imo path manage maneuver vessel approaching ship strike cargo tnt imo bow sliced mont blanc waterline sliced open mont blanc cargo benzene highly flammable liquid spilled ship hold caught fire blazing fuel flowed tons explosives mont blanc crew knew lives depended putting flames
clear visitor atop empire building eighty miles clear fateful morning july war ii lieutenant colonel william smith jr piloted bomber newark jersey colonel smith bedford massachusetts planned land la airport york city la airport tower operator permitted smith land heavy fog tower suggested landing nearby newark jersey tower operator heavy fog city saying top empire building colonel smith headed bomber alternate landing site smith newcomer flying twenty west point graduate smith logged thousand hours air wartime flying europe earned medals combat pilot bomber smith crew member sailor hitching ride home albert penna going home comfort mother lived brooklyn recently lost son naval battle pacific week albert flown home comfort anxious preserve remaining son penna mother promise wouldn travel military aircraft despite promise aboard bomber droned south york thirty fourth street miles hour pilot suddenly aware building looming plane swept curve late
texas claimed london consolidated school wealthiest school located midst richest oil field story brick building served pupils kindergarten grade twelve school students forest oil wells derricks night school lit flare extra gas wells burning air gas heat consolidated school central heating system school radiators burned gas known wet gas directly wells wet gas saved school month cost heat school regular household gas homes cooking heating wet gas disadvantages uneven composition equipment wet gas perfect running order unfortunately radiators consolidated school order wet gas characteristic smell regular household gas presence undetectable certainly aware gas building corner room consolidated school late afternoon march school pupils elementary grades students grades twelve quarter hour school stroke bad luck students school school officials considered closing school half hour early students attend track meet turned school closed students building tragedy struck
wright brothers flight airplanes grown safer larger boeing jumbo jet carry passengers safest airplanes possibility deaths giant jets crash dreaded crash jets reality canary islands canaries group islands atlantic ocean northwest coast africa islands belonged spain columbus voyage matter fact trip columbus stopped canary islands jumbo jets flying canary islands big el airport sunday march bomb el jumbo jets diverted smaller airport tenerife giant detoured tenerife klm dutch airline flight pan american airways clipper dutch jet commanded captain jacob veldhuizen van van senior pilot twenty flying experience trained klm pilots pan captained victor grubbs veteran thirty flying aircraft waiting klm line control tower operator ordered dutch jet taxi end runway taxi strip level piece ground running side runway aircraft reached end taxi strip move runway ready head runway top speed direction started
island railroad busiest commuter line united states providing transportation live bedroom communities surrounding york city commuters ride miles homes island places city thanksgiving railroad busier usual thousands commuters jammed york city pennsylvania station eastbound train going hempstead island pulled crowd pre holiday travelers lessened point seats passengers minutes later express babylon earlier train eastward carried passengers trains contained pulled motor passenger car part trip trains travel track stop jamaica station eastern end york city traveling aboard trains shared track minute gap queens york city track ran top fifteen foot high embankment ordinarily train run section track stopping evening stop red light signal turned green engineer william murphy thirty railroad veteran started engine proceeded brakes grabbed bringing train completely unexpected halt rules railroad required crew train making unscheduled stop set red lanterns track train
records show traffic violations occur mishaps ignorant unskilled inattentive drivers accidents union adopted policy granting driving privilege drivers proved test drive properly applicant examined find knowledge skill safety mindedness drive defects mind body dangerous highway learn systematic approach guidance qualified instructor driver education public schools excellent opportunity high school students learn drive number commercial driving schools florida licensed schools instructors qualified order licensed required schools give contract cost instruction begin training learn drive obtain restricted operator license unlawful person practice driving learner license matter accompanies contact local driver license station listed cover find examinations locality study driver handbook prepare examination applying license required tests eyesight ability understand road signs knowledge road rules pass tests issued restricted operator license driving instructor capable stick pass test instructor learning drive
florida considers operation motor vehicle privilege earn proving driver abuse privilege lose driver license issued conditions florida department highway safety motor vehicles retains property rights thereto license revoked means driving privilege terminated granted license department hearing end revocation period exceed case license suspended driving privilege temporarily withdrawn granted license department hearing end suspension period suspension period exceed issued department license issued error fraud declared void terminated license obtained permitted law license revoked suspended cancelled wish apply reinstatement driving privilege restricted basis hearing simply requesting hearing department request received department afford opportunity days wish review validity orders rulings department writ certiorari issued circuit court county reside driver improvement schools required law suspension revocation cases
driving learned constant practice based sincere desire skillful driver drivers look hood feet ahead train eyes moving roadway ahead objects side miss early stages dangerous situation forced instant decision driver knows understands respects rules maintains vehicle safe operating condition adapts speed conditions drives defensively mistakes adjusted person likely driver partly realizes traffic situations require fair sharing acts merely personal point view point view drivers developed social responsibility getting wheel control power speed bulk car reveals type individual person soon inclined bully thoughtless lawbreaker centered lane stealer reliable courteous sportsmanlike youthful older driver mentally emotionally mature driving reflects readiness share road interest traffic safety traffic accidents result laws nature affect action automobile ignore pay automatic penalty laws friction gravity centrifugal force force impact friction resistance motion caused surfaces touch
regardless drive safe vehicle operating condition law states safety equipment driver wants vehicle meet minimum standards law supposed dangerous vehicles road motor vehicles registered florida inspected annually safe operation brakes lights horn steering mechanism windshield wipers directional signals tires exhaust condition license plate checked vehicles inspected licensed inspection station fee exceed charged inspection additional delinquent fee late inspection vehicle found defective owner fault corrected place chooses reinspection wtihin days station making inspection additional charge additional fee charged reinspection station station later days vehicles involved accidents damage item required inspected operated repairs vehicles pass reinspection florida registered vehicles display current florida inspection certificate operate street highway specifically exempted law stop allow inspection motor vehicle asked law enforcement officer car equipped braking systems capable stopping car independently parking emergency brake strong hold car hill brakes adjusted equal stopping power
don hidden target stopping intersection stop car motorcycle accidents place intersections place frequently daylight weekends dry level roads summer fatal motorcycle crashes involve collisions automobiles majority cases car driver motorcyclist wear clothing heavy material leather recommended sleeves pants heavy boots gloves driving riding passenger night riding wear clothing light colors reflective material attached starting engine put gear selector neutral check sure front rear brakes operating condition times location controls motorcycle driving important control rear brake pedal front wheel brake greater stopping power stopping loose surfaces inexperienced drivers attempt carry passengers passengers affect stability control motorcycle low speeds carrying passengers instruct hold tightly driver handgrips feet pegs lean vehicle touch muffler engine carry passenger machine designed person seat foot rests approved headgear remember need greater distance stop carrying passenger driving apply brakes entering turn taking curve normal cruising speed lean motorcycle body angle making sharp turn low speed turn handlebar leaning motorcycle
load extends rear feet bed body vehicle displayed extreme rear night visibility reduced feet red lamps visible distance feet rear red reflectors visible night distances feet directly front low beam headlights located show maximum width side red lamp visible distance feet side located maximum overhang daytime red flags inches square overhanging load mark length width place red lamp required load night truck carrying logs pulpwood proper equipment including lock chains securely fasten load rear view mirror reflect view highway distance feet rear regardless load vehicle truck bus truck tractor motor vehicle towing house trailer operating highway corporate limits municipalities hour sunset hour sunrise carry equipment provided subsection page flares red electric lanterns capable seen distance feet normal conditions night red emergency reflectors capable reflecting lawful lower beam headlights distance feet feet
received greeting card lately likely fellow americans producing biggest greeting card boom known thought exchanging illustrated greetings ancient chinese digging egyptian tombs scientists found messages clay tablets hardy romans greetings paper greeting card crude woodcut printed germany convenient clay tablets metal wooden objects previously christmas card arrive oddly ago card designed john horsley england request henry cole idea soon spread europe united states today half cards christmas cards louis prang german american started greeting card business united states cards color reproductions oil paintings number sellers america britain christmas cards sales everyday cards birthday invitational congratulatory popular valentine cards fancy expensive designs sick cards deliver insults drop dead witch hope rotten vacation greeting cards billion costing hundred million dollars hundred million postage card sales going directions sales young increased greatly cards feature novelties puppets masks puzzles willing spend card valentine company demand musical card
minute schooner john campbell sailing peacefully pacific ocean warning ship bow rose high water slammed sea force happened shouted sailors hit sight bottom ocean feet seconds later steamer argo reared ocean shuddered crashed steel plating ship bent twisted rivets popped holes sailors ran lives finally ship steadied peaceful knew ships survived beginning earthquake started miles surface pacific ocean parts crack ocean floor begun slip finally ocean bed split open strong shock wave shot eastward speed mph earthquake reached coast california seconds wednesday morning knew happened powerful quake destroyed foot lighthouse racing southward earthquake uprooted forests redwood trees wrecked small towns moved millions tons rock deadly earthquake hit san francisco seventeen minutes ground trembled split buildings shuddered crumpled piles bricks steel pieces wood glass flew air fires broke finally earthquake stopped hundred died earthquake california troubles sixty later earthquake slammed california sixty died injured
hundred miles atlantic coast canada lies sable island scene wrecks place ocean waters pounded fierce gales surrounded surging currents island earned grim title graveyard atlantic island wrapped dense fog easily seen approaching ships ends island sand bars rise dangerously close water surface ships driven sand bars gale pounded towering waves driven sable island smashed pieces raging surf hundred ships coasts today fifty live sable island tend lighthouse saving station families half inhabitants children fond sandy home adults hiking favorite sport strangest sights follow violent sandstorms ships buried sand hundreds view vessels vanish sand overnight supply ships nova scotia visit island times easy journey ships wait shore days weeks weather breaks land food equipment islanders noticeably lonely comes ship depart visitors ask savage looking wild horses large heads flowing manes race island animals descendants horses left passing ship hundred ago storms gnaw sandy beaches sable island grows smaller passing
big thomson canyon spectacular valley colorado cut rocky mountains flows big thomson river saturday night july persons driving ambulance emergency call suddenly froze terror huge fifteen foot wall churning black water rushing road part canyon called narrows bordered sheer walls ninety feet watching worst horror movie real john mcmaster ambulance drivers vehicle picked tossed cork sheerest luck drivers able jump safe ledge ambulance sank fortunate campers fishers valley night scores swept violent deaths later listed dead missing presumably buried mud debris raging waters snapped trees matchsticks twisted cars tortured balls metal entire bridges highways obliterated robert hicks listening football game parked car suddenly recalls saw moving opened car door water flooded car swept flood hicks fantastic luck leaned grabbed tree limb hurtled pulled tree lightning flashed saw waters full debris large pieces homes huge trees poles swept past hicks thought agonizedly mother daughter trapped house path raging flood
catching real crooks exciting television creative early washington police officers help fbi idea started pff acting fences buyers stolen goods rented abandoned warehouse disreputable neighborhood hung shingle streets alleys washington passed business cards pff appliance business television sets typewriters cards didn say course pff stood police fbi fencing incognito word spread washington underworld soon thieves began arriving stereo sets electric typewriters electirc stoves guns counterfeit money stolen credit cards candelabra bear skin rugs thief showed lugging heart lung resuscitator stolen local hospital million dollars government checks stolen federal agency activity secretly photographed tape recorded police giving academy award performances pretending part organized crime mob york clients impressed client inquired job pff hit person filled application listing experience previously unsolved murder maryland business police paying typewriter million government checks finally arranged formal party meet york mob boss wanted thank friends wonderful job social occasion pff clients showed formal dinner jackets checking guns door
possibly bonanza luck tale gold rush days story vernon pick pick wisconsin farm boy gotten high school working canadian mine mid returned wisconsin married sank savings electric motor repair business small town royalton shop burned collected insurance let drive mexico country suggested wife vacation grand junction colorado picks found folks feverishly prospecting uranium pick caught fever questioned mining engineer likely place find uranium suggested southeastern utah looking stuff told pick henry mountains country pick bought rock pick scintillometer sort special geiger counter months trudged forsaken wildernesses united states scintillometer needle show tremor june pick sand worked soles feet causing blisters sat rest rock wondering strength left trek town chanced look scintillometer saw needle acting wildly pick chipped rock laid open bright orange yellow uranium ore locating site main ore deposit vernon pick staked claim limped civilization raised money selling trailer truck camera rented bulldozer jackhammer hired
lifeguard quickly reached binoculars wondering true coming close shore powerful glasses youth peered intently waters atlantic ocean beekman beach fifty feet island shore twelve black fins moving rapidly group unsuspecting swimmers august broiling hot earlier pm sharks spotted ocean beaches closed pm police boat cleared beaches young lifeguard bolted action wouldn sharks closing nearby woman floating air mattress sharks guard shouted sharks water hurry instantly swimmers splashed shore lifeguard reached telephone call help tired bathers stumbled shore mothers dragged crying children water teenagers scrambled escape menacing fins woman air mattress didn move heard warning sharks twenty feet lifeguard telephone call help moments later police patrol boat sped view quickly police officers raised high powered rifles shoulders police helicopter hovered scene dropped feet water hold steady officer taking careful aim shotgun squeezing trigger trail blood appeared leading shark woman air mattress paddled desperately shore curious remained beach
today space scientists bit effects weightlessness high acceleration forces astronauts rocket scientists ready launch manned orbital flights biologists nervous humans thought fragile space flight wrong humans proved flexible intelligent adaptable elements space program human proved enos chimpanzee enos primate space ten earlier albert rhesus monkey flown rocket died oxygen system failed later albert ii survived similar flight die impact parachute failed open ham chimpanzee survive mile sixteen minute flight despite equipment mishaps flight enos real test prolonged weightlessness scheduled hours cover full orbits earth enos wired biological response assigned complicated cockpit tasks enos levers turn specific lights receive mild foot shocks enos press lever twenty seconds green light appeared reward drink water experiment enos pulling lever fifty times banana pellet experiment worked las vegas armed bandit slot machine enos pulled levers saw combinations circles triangles squares foot shock launched space november enos proved champ chimp
captain mrs henri bourden bought forty foot yacht visit singapore impulse captain bourden airline pilot wife knew sailing impulse decided sail yacht france weeks sea december storm struck driving yacht miles south course bourdens swept ashore desolate bathurst island australia yacht broke course grateful alive apparently safe bathurst thick swampy rain forest inhabited snakes crocodiles couple camp beach waited rescued weeks food weeks ate creatures catch snails lizards birds reasonably safe beach venture inland search food trapped knee deep swamp surrounded wild animals nightmarish days eventually bourdens struggled free ooze realized couldn remain treacherous island try australia built raft bits pieces smashed yacht pushed clumsy craft shark filled sea wished miserable island raft wood dry absorbed deal water soon gradually sinking floated eighty hours sinking totally vast indian ocean lives nearly matter hours mrs bourden later
american indians written language observed settlers europe reading books documents realized able read tennessee lived young cherokee indian named sequoyah insisted talking leaf god gift settlers devise born silverwork artisan accomplished story teller happy participant dances races games rest tribe illiterate hunting accident left partially crippled think talking leaf began wander woods playing pieces wood making marks stones family friends convinced going mad communicating evil spirits eventually tribe hostile scornful sequoyah persisted dream written cherokee language took twelve created simple effective written form cherokee language eighty symbols representing sound cherokee legend sequoyah won cherokees written language chiefs give private message wrote message small daughter read simple precise system learned days months cherokee tribe read write ridiculed eccentric sequoyah highly revered wise famous tribe delegation cherokees washington negotiate land treaties
shooting dice terrible reputation damon runyon glorified floating dice game guys dolls underworld tightly controlled circumstances gambling dice illegal shooting dice pastime ways history parallels history civilization shooting dice ways greeks busy dull days siege troy roman emperors augustine nero claudius known avid dice players claudius wrote book game roman emperor caligula known cheating dice tolerated rome knew caligula crazy anyway named horse governor rome precise origin dice playing lost antiquity dice found tombs etruscans pre roman inhabitants italy early dice animal bones knuckles hind legs sheep dice oblong cubes expression rolling bones based solid history dice players realize loading dice cheating fixing dice fall exactly loaded dice found ruins ancient pompeii theory loaded dice simple face cube heavier heavy side fall face pure chance cheaters yesteryear put quicksilver inside dice side wanted fall face imperial rome dice clear baltic amber crystal supposedly guarantee loaded
radar pilot crackled voice intercom target eleven clock fifteen miles quickly pilot coast guard lockheed airplane changed course soon specially equipped aircraft leveled feet grand banks newfoundland binoculars ready crew members searched wind whipped waters atlantic ocean storm clouds danced horizon intercom buzzed excitement reported crew iceberg big heading south instantly radio operator contacted international ice patrol headquarters governor island york coast guard plane crew job position iceberg known solid wall ice longer threat busiest shipping lanes iceberg multimillion ton bergs drift southward baffin bay luckily coast guard easy find iceberg breaks pack disappears foggy labrador current threatening shipping renegade iceberg terrible things largest ships liner titanic sank colliding berg fifteen hundred died danish ship hans hedtoft smashed floating hazards sank ninety perished told nineteen ships challenged icebergs lost past sixty coast guard iceberg searchers fly hour missions square mile areas help locate bergs crew members radar destroy floating ice mountains
agatha christie writing mysteries middle ages tale poison gloves catherine de medici catherine french queen married king henry navarre monarchs enemies plots king queen ambitious persons plots bit enemy crown meet mysterious death arose legend poison gloves gloves important articles clothing medieval fashion kings nobles hundreds pairs handcrafted finest leathers silks embroidered gold thread studded precious jewels decorated imported lace respected gifts receive pair gloves gloves sixteenth century glove wearing dates cave women forbidden wear gloves ancient traditions middle ages kings began allowing women wear famous fashion catherine de medici known beautiful gloves wore taste influenced french court gloves height fashion french women queen catherine gloves famous reason sinister catherine powerful fearless according ruthless queen powerful family medicis banking family highly influential medieval history family included members royalty nobles queen catherine middle rivalries plots plagued royalty middle ages suddenly enemies crown jeanne navarre found dead beds
wedding begin groom road band relatives armed clubs stole bride hut screamed kicked cried bride parents threw rocks spears newlyweds bride father led search party find newlyweds hid days wedding bride run typical wedding procedure lands centuries called marriage capture sounds battle wedding custom ceremony looked frightening bride parents knew groom arriving shouting anger symbolic bride parents sad wedding meant bride longer living home commotion symbolic sadness marriage capture popular marriage love today romance fact late invention ancient times middle ages love marriages happened legends folk tales love reason marrying eighteenth century marriage capture started originally lived warfare women scarce custom survived mock symbolic ceremonies interesting version marriage capture tug war ceremony popular african tribe called banyankole ceremony simply huge tug war heavy rope groom side won rope tugged meaning bride
bred speed stamina greyhound fastest creature middle distances hundred yard dash cheetah beat tape race racehorse overtake half mile mark hundred hundred yards living creature cover ground fast greyhound straight run top greyhound travels speed shade seconds hundred yards comparison fastest human sprinter hundred yards seconds seen racing greyhounds naturally assume gray greyhounds brindle fawn black white combination shades gray plausible explanation greyhound acquired comes greeks greyhounds chase sight ability follow scent greeks called gazehounds history goes pharaohs ancient egypt appearance elegant dignified regal greyhound dog displays quirks mixed joy despair common dog fanciers kennel owner greyhound liked jump fences owner tried break dog habit tying half gallon jug water collar running free kennels dog cleared foot fence took notion full gallon jug finally stopped suggested jumper thought st bernard jug hanging neck hard tell greyhound mind
thought joints body ankle amazing thing ankle support person weight ankle complicated hinge foot rotate tilt complex angles ankle immobilized person difficulty walking running age driving car recently surgeons badly damaged injured ankle immobilize fusing ankle bone tibia large bone lower leg creating rigid victims automobile accidents athletic injuries permanently handicapped invention orthopedic surgeon university california irvine change physician devised artificial ankle nearly duplicates action function real ankle implanted invention dozen grateful patients remarkable success element artificial ankle cobalt chromium weighs ounces element shape upside concave cross bar element simply dome radius matches concave ts radius half hour operation implant artificial ankle straight forward wedge cut tibia inverted cemembed wedge top talus anklebone sawed dome element cemented left normal tension tendons leg foot sufficient dome inverted ball move socket
watched silent spectacular flight shooting star summer night watched mixture wonder awe maybe call falling star meteor re thing re mixed feelings celestial skyrockets earliest times phenomenon shooting star swift unhurried curving flight sudden vanishing explained ways early islamic lore meteors missiles hurled angels unwelcome gates heaven philosopher pliny contended star sky person shining brightly dimly according luck falling individual died belief common europe centuries occurs lolos western china person dies hole dug person star fall strike injure living person shooting stars special significance ancient greeks romans sparta bc persons respected wisdom scanned sky night eighth glimpsed shooting star knew king sinned deposed roman sailors regarded shooting star storm signal shooting star soul died common belief europe america aboriginal peoples guinea eskimo lands serbians say light britain say star ghost murdered
depend rain course rain fills reservoirs draw drinking water wets ground vegetables eat grow helps feed crops grow animals eat fattened fails rain trouble ground dries dust chokes air forest prairie fires reach dangerous proportions food scarce resort trying rain rainmaking magic ancient times based principle nature forgotten job show reasoning mind ancient romans drag hollow meteorite temple mars needed rain called flowing stone put altar jupiter center city citizens douse stone pail pail water filled overflowed stone fell sky considered magic dumping pails water showing gods job neglecting ancient greece rain failed fall priests dip branch oak tree spring mount lycaeus sprinkle water ground hoping course clouds idea thing important rainmaker salmoneus early greek king draught occurred climb chariot midnight drag brass kettles town threw blazing torches air
seen movie naked prey television point wilderness leading character struggling desperately ahead enemies starving food sudden spots field mousebut weak spear spot snake knife slashes facing camera star picks skins cuts starts eating raw snake meat eyes viewers close eyes turn heads simply squirm scene snake eating exactly popular america hong kong snake eating common experience exclusive restaurants feature snake menus especially chinese rat snake chinese equivalent indian cobra banded krait copperhead cat snake snakes eaten hong kong local origin occasionally snake caught city hills garden imported kwangsi province mainland china taiwan thailand hong kong consume snakes season sizable number kill snake easy task calls alertness fast movement quick reflexes high skill experience required unusual occupation snake huge strong young required job cooking snake meat special art seldom cooked home restaurants specialty houses meat prepared ingredients famous establishment hong kong seh wong tasty dishes served remarkable grand combination dragon tiger phoenix
robert manry boy visitor school told class voyage atlantic ocean sailboat visitor tale planted seed idea young robert mind seed growing thirty odd forty robert manry decided boyhood dream determined cross atlantic sailboat manry decided voyage smallest boat cross ocean tinkerbelle boat chose thirteen half feet smaller lifeboat planned put planks plastic foam boat added cabin sleeping eating spent countless hours studying ocean navigation spring manry ready adventure tinkerbelle loaded cabin food water ninety days june sailed harbor falmouth massachusetts destination port falmouth falmouth england miles land sank sight manry felt suddenly tinkerbelle dot vast ocean manry learned loneliness seventy days ahead tiny boat stayed afloat twenty foot waves manry thrown overboard times waves hit tinkerbelle broadside managed grab rigging boat swept past water sleep manry put sea anchor night waking morning loud blast horn cabin find surfaced submarine nearby
united states india rubber craze equaled intensity gold fever petroleum craze later crude gum rubber imported country manufacture shoes unfortunately shoes winter softened destroyed heat summer charles goodyear prosperous merchant philadelphia panic drove bankruptcy remembering devised valve crude india rubber preserver located attic took york office roxbury mass rubber company told device rubber proving worthless goodyear determined act family chronically need diverted dollar investigations luckily raw rubber cost cents pound winter experimented compound india rubber alcohol summer boots turned sticky foul smelling mass hastily buried garden found nitric acid curing process achieved found partner capital opened store broadway put business panic doggedly refused give experiments friends suspected insane talked putting asylum goodyear india rubber coat india rubber shoes india rubber cap pocket india rubber purse goodyear
portugal progressive western minded european kingdoms direction royal prince dom henrique islands azores discovered colonized corvo farthest west azores nautical miles newfoundland portuguese supposing islands lay westward voyages search discoverers succeeded boisterous westerly winds north atlantic westward passage difficult dangerous sailing vessels vessels sail nearer wind heavy sea progress windward lucky break john cabot evidently certainty land westward northern route road discovery iceland greenland labrador stepping stones thought norsemen known america forgotten portugal atlantic islands wanted sea route indies india china eastern islands obtain source spices drugs gems reached europe small quantities caravan routes gold silver marco polo told tall tales promising route lay southward coast africa columbus settled portugal mariners nation opening stretches west african coast early passed site dakar dispelled arabian legends sea pitchy darkness disproved ancients uninhabitable nature tropical countries
service diffusion enriching content individual cultures utmost importance culture extant owes cent total elements inventions members society live period rapid invention apt think culture largely created role diffusion played growth brought home consider beginnings average locations listed paragraphs refer origin points culture elements regions obtain materials objects trade solid american citizen awakens bed built pattern originated east modified northern europe transmitted america throws covers cotton domesticated india linen domesticated east silk discovered china materials spun woven processes invented east slips moccasins invented indians eastern woodlands goes bathroom fixtures mixture european american inventions recent date takes pajamas garment invented india washes soap invented ancient gauls shaves masochistic rite derived sumer ancient egypt returning bedroom removes clothes chair southern european type proceeds dress
happily married women group characterized kindly attitudes expectation kindly attitudes return easily offense unduly concerned impressions look social relationships rivalry situations cooperative object subordinate roles annoyed advice missionary ministering attitudes frequently evidenced responses enjoy activities bring educational pleasurable opportunities things dependent underprivileged methodical painstaking attentive detail careful regard money religion morals politics tend conservative conventional expressed attitudes imply quiet assurance decidedly optimistic outlook terman picture personalities happy wives proceeds conclusions personalities happy husbands happily married show evidence stable emotional tone characteristic reaction cooperation reflected attitudes business superiors attitude women reflects equalitarian ideals benevolent attitudes inferiors underprivileged gathering tend conscious extroverted compared unhappy husbands show superior initiative greater tendency responsibility greater willingness give close attention detail daily methodical procedures methodical money matters saving cautious conservative attitudes strongly characteristic favorable attitude religion strongly uphold sex mores social conventions
rationalizations range trivial grandiose infrequently impulse call emerson call sin experiment extreme finds elaborate systems metaphysical absolutes built justify tenacious convictions according lotze philosophical creed merely attempt justify fundamental view things adopted early careful reduction philosophical activity mere rationalization dangerous underneath ontology rationalizes logic capable distinguishing rationalization true reasoning rationalization special form known projection defined type deception person ascribes secret thoughts wishes shortcomings person castigate saved painful duty castigating oneself hard observe writes goethe feels free sins blameless comfortably expatiate shortcomings likewise complementary form projection person attribute frame mind explains justifies frame mind timid child thinks aggressive intentions paranoiac believes plotting destruction complementary projection personal quirks temperament traits receive rational explanation unfounded foolish
effort attention essential phenomenon reader experience reader felt fiery passion grasp constitutes difficulty laboring unwise passion acting passion wise certainly physical difficulty easy physically avoid fight begin pocket money squander cupidities difficulty mental getting idea wise action stay minds strong emotional tendency images congruous chance offer instantly smothered crowded joyous thinking uncertainties risks failure abound path lugubrious think triumphs travels loves joys vengeful community nature cooling advice fever fit jarring exasperating thing reply angry sort preserving instinct passion feels chill objects gain lodgment frozen vital spark mood brought airy castles ruin ground inevitable effect reasonable ideas quiet hearing passion cue prevent small voice heard
real point breeds genuine biological entities races chosen term creations investigator creations regard creators means agreement thing holds greater degree largest division classification stocks stocks groups races content stock established techniques establishing racial classifications difference smaller series traits consideration limits group correspondingly extended present tendency classify mankind stocks recognition races breeds impossible place stocks caucasic white negroid black mongoloid yellow caucasic stock characterized high thin noses medium lips slight prognathism projection face straight eyes wavy curly hair considerable body hair beard respects variable including tall short round headed blond dark skinned groups accustomed think caucasians white breeds stock darker average american negro caucasic stock races commonly distinguished advertised nordic race centers northern europe general characteristics stock heads tall stature blond pigmentation alpine race strongest central europe general characteristics round heads medium short stature strong stocky build medium pigmentation brown hair eyes
distinctive richness congruence fully mature personality easy describe ways growing individuals grow case end product unique general criteria sought distinguish fully developed personality unripe differentiating characteristics universal indispensable place developed person variety autonomous interests lose contemplation recreation loyalty participates warmth vigor pursuits acquired egocentricity mark mature personality contrast garrulous bohemian egotistical pitying prating expression confident dignity identified won devotion paradoxically expression requires capacity lose oneself pursuit objectives primarily referred directed outward socialized culturally compatible ends absorbed goals outshine seeking vanity dwarfed immature definite objective orientation attained pleasures pains moment setbacks defeats impulse justification fade background obscure chosen goals goals represent extension requirement maturity personality requirement curiously subtle factor complementing call peculiar detachment mature person surveys pretensions relation abilities present objectives relation objectives equipment comparison equipment opinion relation opinion hold
moral questions immediately present questions solution wait proof moral question question sensibly exists exist science tell exists compare worths exists exist consult science pascal calls heart science consults heart lays infinite ascertainment fact correction false belief supreme goods challenge statement science repeat oracularly prove showing ascertainment fact correction bring sorts goods heart turn declares question moral beliefs decided moral preferences true false odd biological phenomena making things bad indifferent pure intellect decide heart want moral reality head assuredly believe mephistophelian scepticism satisfy head play instincts rigorous idealism student age naturally cool hearted moralistic hypothesis pungent supercilious presence hot young moralist feels strangely ill ease appearance knowingness side naivete gullibility inarticulate heart clings dupe realm emerson says wit intellectual superiority cunning fox
discussed basic economic fact limitation total resources capable producing commodities necessitates choice scarce commodities illustrated quantitatively simple arithmetical examples means geometrical diagrams students found diagrams graphs important visual aids parts economics care beginning understanding rewarded manyfold later consider economy technical knowledge factories tools land water power natural resources deciding produced economy decide resources allocated thousands commodities land wheat cultivation pasturage factories produce hairpins skilled labor machine shops problems complicated discuss solve simplify let assume produced economic goods classes economic goods dramatic purposes concentrate famous pair guns butter commodities commonly illustrate problem choosing civilian war goods analysis applies choice goods resources government build public roads left produce private houses public choses consume food consume clothing let stick guns butter suppose resources thrown production civilian goods butter maximum amount butter produced
sherlock holmes century quarter despite advanced greatest detective brilliant vigorous address letter holmes famous baker street address london reply return correspondence signed mrs jill nicholson secretary sherlock holmes mrs nicholson letter writing detective investigating case letters adults believe holmes real person alive piece mail california stated felt detective put end terrible plague airplane hijackings troubling mrs nicholson answered letter hundred addressed detective mrs nicholson works large mortgage company located baker street address holmes shared faithful dr james watson needing proof detective existence need touch numerous organizations holmes admirers famous groups baker street irregulars irregulars band london ragamuffins provided holmes temporary help detecting membership certificates present irregulars coin attached coin shilling piece holmes customary payment original irregulars helped investigations ranks today irregulars number presidents harry truman franklin delano roosevelt proud members
expectations dickens hero pip boy expectations gentleman pip expectations realized receives small fortune convict helped money bring pip happiness happy ending charles dickens happy ending left fortune overcome tremendous odds achieve happiness boy family moved suburbs london father job navy pay office john dickens charles father job finances couldn handle income wisely family finances steadily downhill forced move cramped dirty house cramped dirty family didn stay charles friends father pawn boy books pay rent friend family charles job factory twelve boy worked morning till night hours meant course charles drop school understand rich famous parents terrible thing felt words cast factory charles worked falling pieces rotting wooden floor swarming rats ran boy ankles feet worked charles job consisted wrapping bottles blacking substance color boots charles cover pots blacking piece oilpaper tie bit blue paper snip ends paper finally stick label top blue paper
tom sawyer rejected friends offers whitewash fence explaining aunt polly awful fence reckon boy thousand maybe thousand tricked friends wanting chores tom grudgingly accepted payment privilege whitewashing treasures boyhood apple core kite firecrackers broken knife marbles dead rat fictional whitewashing took place hundred ago commemorate story twain admirers built replica fence author boyhood home hannibal missouri hannibal town mark twain grew alias st petersburg missouri hannibal hometown tom sawyer huck finn imagination millions americans hundreds thousands journey hannibal renew acquaintance boys hannibal lies alongside flooding mississippi river town owes existence river hannibal important port mississippi big paddlewheel steamboats frequently stopped steamboat call mark twain heard today riverboats replaced thousand horsepower towboats pushing strings barges river powerful lights today towboats mark twain memorial lighthouse warns boats shallow water lighthouse completed sam clemens left river pilots sam lighthouse guide light present lighthouse erected spot home mrs holliday stood
american sailing ship topaz arrived pitcairn island tiny dot map pacific topaz sea hunting seals badly need drinking water captain hoped fill water barrels pitcairn crew topaz astonished native canoe paddlers set supposedly uninhabited island astonishment aboard topaz increased crew closer look paddlers natives pacific dark skinned unfriendly canoe friendly light skinned european appearance paddlers called captain topaz perfect english native canoe close examination revealed europeans learned speak english captain asked question islanders replied spoke english english born pitcairn islanders story eighteen mutiny aboard bounty ship anchored south pacific island tahiti fletcher christian bounty mate headed mutiny set captain bligh loyal members crew adrift bounty small boats bligh managing sail miles civilization accomplished fletcher christian feared leader mutineers knew captain bligh reached inhabited land british navy rest till hunted mutineers punished christian fugitives set captured bounty find uninhabited island found
character amerilcan fiction known readers ichabod crane scarlett tom sawyer huck finn tarzan according cambridge history american literature american character familiar natty bumppo yes natty bumppo known scout hawkeye hero mohicans names known indian friends names struck terror hearts enemies red white rifle deerslayer pathfinder names heroes novels novels author james fenimore cooper james fenimore cooper born burlington jersey james infant thirteen months brought cooperstown pioneer community upstate york settled father days revolutionary war upper york largely unexplored completely unsettled wilderness hunters trappers indians avoided area cooperstown moved territory game plentiful easier country young james fenimore cooper grew land describe mohicans novels series cooper called leatherstocking tales young cooper grew pioneers friends children pioneers woodlands playgrounds explored forest trails learned woodcraft lore forest sailed boats nearby lakes
early eighteenth century seaman visited daniel defoe struggling writer caller introduced alexander selkirk told writer story castaway deserted island defoe think selkirk inquired publisher interested story defoe reported told selkirk publisher touch tale selkirk left defoe sat wrote book based story castaway told defoe changed selkirk famous names fiction robinson crusoe story interesting adding friday cannibals fictitious details common knowledge alexander selkirk sat model defoe portrait robinson crusoe publication transformed defoe penniless writer famous author identified selkirk real hero tale unlike robinson crusoe cast desert island result shipwreck alexander selkirk asked put island selkirk officer aboard english vesel engaged raiding spanish shipping pacific ocean coast south america selkirk known hot temper leader group discontented sailors complained ship unsafe demanded put ashore ship captain fed selkirk complaining happy rid selkirk seaman ship vessel anchored juan fernandez island hundred miles coast south america selkirk put ashore
crimean war england war defeated napoleaon forty russia england ally napoleonic wars enemy british forces hammering russians crimea peninsula russia border turkey key military situation russian port balaklava british army including light brigade positioned balaklava russians strongpoint end valley valley soon known valley death valley mile wide corridor mile half end valley battery dozen big guns backing cannon thousand russian cavalrymen walls valley lined troops guns thirty heavy guns batteries light artillery eleven battalions lining left wall valley battalions infantry squadrons cavalry fourteen guns entire valley deadly sided trap entrance valley side russians cannons captured british earlier battle lord raglan british commander chief russians preparing move prizes war raglan decided send light brigade heights mouth valley prevent russians moving guns commander chief prepared send order lord lucan commander field lord raglan wishes cavalry advance rapidly front follow enemy try prevent enemy taking guns
constitution put sea line battle ship cost republic afford constitution designed super frigate carried forty guns ordinary frigate thirty outgun outfight ship afloat line battle ship outmaneuver show heels real basis constitution strength sturdy american oak construction oaken ribs fifteen inches thick set close touched hull planked horizontal oak sheath inches thick backed inside inch thick timber ship virtually wore coat armor armor gave iron sides crew appreciated saw british balls rebounding hull war constitution famous battle war defeat guerriere guerriere frigate thirty guns regarded finest ships english navy english ship fired shots shots broadsides struck constitution bounded iron sides ships distance guerriere firing constitution holding fire coming closer series maneuvers evening constitution closed british frigate americans poured broadside broadside guerriere finally broadsides tore masts fell tangle ropes canvas constitution crossed front guerriere rigging ships tangled
night dinner going usual mrs welsch interminable rambling conversation harriet watched tennis match suddenly harriet leaped feet remembered screamed damned dancing school harriet mrs welsch appalled dare words table place dear interjected welsch calmly finked dancing school harriet stood screamed solidly throwing fit threw fits resort tiny feeling brain lost wouldn try learn word mrs welsch eyebrows raised hairline verb anyway welsch sat looking harriet curiosity put television entertain shouted harriet top lungs wasn getting reaction wrong mrs welsch calmly bad don hated welsch dinner harriet getting tired standing screaming wished sit wouldn looked giving
monster frank cried joe creature serrate fin disappeared beneath pond surface quickly adjusting face mask breathing tube joe plunged dark menacing water kicked powerfully flippers shot water bottom pond absolutely black moon pale light filtered murk distinguish violent thrashing motions dead ahead instantly joe encircled brother shoulder arm grips cold slippery tugging frank limp body deeper pond fearlessly joe attacked creature possessed power gradually wrestled thick ooze bottom joe gritted teeth let hold frank moment wrenched loose monster closed desparately joe shook flippers kicked cold slimy body attacker propulsion speeded boys upward water surface frantic arm stroke joe swam shore grasping unconscious brother chet waded helped pull minutes later frank sitting shaking head groggily drink ordered chet handing thermos beef broth happened thing frank reported gulp hot broth air line nicked started trickle water held breath till blacked joe removed equipment examining brother air hose jagged cut told things knife claws shears teeth teeth echoed chet
taller stronger called giant think wilt chamberlain giant tall special extra bed sleep special car space legs wilt played basketball famous basketball players unusual basketball player tall basketball game tall strong wilt players big wilt skillful shooting baskets jumping high rebounds playing days wilt paid president united states earned president athlete entire history sports paid wilt played los lakers team helped team western division national basketball association group finest professional teams wilt owns beautiful apartment building los mother lives york owns racehorses wears fine clothes owns english bently car wilt boy didn dream famous rich wilton norman chamberlain born august west philadelphia pennsylvania parents william olivia chamberlain william chamberlain job earn careful waste money raising large family wilt brothers sisters
sailing homeward doctor ship pass coast barbary coast seashore desert wild lonely place sand stones barbary pirates lived pirates bad lot wait sailors shipwrecked shores saw boat passing fast sailing ships chase caught boat sea steal sink ship sail barbary singing songs feeling proud mischief caught write home friends money friends money pirates threw sea sunshiny doctor dab dab walking ship exercise nice fresh wind blowing boat happy presently dab dab saw sail ship edge sea red sail don look sail dab dab feeling friendly ship afraid trouble coming jip lying taking nap sun began growl talk sleep smell roast beef cooking mumbled underdone roast beef brown gravy gracious cried doctor matter dog smelling sleep talking suppose dab dab dogs smell sleep
summer island blue dolphins sun warm winds blow milder west south days ship return spend rock looking high headland east country sea ending watched saw small object took ship stream water rose knew whale spouting summer days saw storm winter ended hopes white ship coming weather wait winter maybe longer thought island suns rose sea slowly sea filled heart loneliness felt lonely sure ship return matasaip hopes dead eat sleep dreaming terrible dreams storm blew north sending big waves island winds strong unable stay rock moved bed foot rock protection fire going night slept times night dogs stood ring fire
robots complicated jobs flying airplanes driving subway trains simple job automatic washing machine switched water pours machine waits water hot washing clothes feedback information happening fed robot tell eyes ears senses feedback tell going robots ways feedback robots look hidden robots control temperature houses cookers hot water systems set control temperature want robot rest feedback comes thermostat kind thermostat strip metal bends hot temperature bends switch turns heat air cools metal straightens turns heat robots making lives easier pocket calculator quickly human beings rarely mistakes ways robots quickly mistakes bored job tired robots factories taught jobs electronic brains shown job person moves robot arms hand part job
hundred ago civil war crew bronc busting cowboys stood large horse corral boss bradford grimes cattleman owned large south texas ranch gulf mexico inside corral herd wild mustangs horses ridden milled snorting rearing bronc busters roped strong stallion held saddled cowboy climbed tried ride animal trotted nervously humping shying side side high jumps spinning shaking jolting rider finally put head front legs bucked high air threw cowboy dust mrs grimes cattleman wife ranch house door cried bradford bradford blacks worth thousand dollars apiece killed cowboys laughed knew telling truth black slaves bradford grimes owner black cowboys slaves brought masters south plantations south slaves cut cotton ranches texas learn trade breaking horses handling longhorns taught mexican vaqueros indians knew ways horses cattle grimes hundreds slave owning ranchers ran cattle texas ranchers brought families slaves mississippi georgia southern states horseback foot buggies wagons drove hogs oxen stock
children slept loft room roof smoked hams scent darkness nights stars low moon gable window hams white flannel wrappings french soldiers white uniform coats marching single file candle gertrude carried hand give light hams hams dark bunches herbs flanking st francis indians boneset camomile rhubarb loft warm fire chimney passed low bedstead rising floor boards penetrating roof roof wind hooted softly chimney mouth sound brought sense cold wet thickness roof board shingle children undressed quickly scuffing shoes side low bedstead neat trudy trudy wriggling plump body nightgown dropping round knees rattling prayers edward slower methodical put ending line father prayer hoping mother notice poor papa wet pulled blankets hands clean buttery smell churning afternoon edward smelled round side bed kissed swiftly hard mechanically sang familiar nursery rhyme straightened candle chest throne pigs beans voice low roof soft sweet
thousands ago middle big ocean miles nearest land crack opened undersea volcano rumble roar explosion red hot lava burning ashes burst huge black clouds swirled sky water boiled white steam mixed fiery cloud hot lava piled higher higher spread wider wider slowly island rose sea hot lava cooled stiffened shining black rock hot sun beat rock cool rains fell hot cold rock split gradually broke pieces course fine crumbly soil covered island rock met sea waves dashed tore pieces ground sand lived naked soil slowly island covered green plants slowly animals began move beaches hills story tropical island surrounded warm seas plants animals bit earth sea story plants animals spread island island wind roared ocean crashed birds flapped wings wind sea birds bringing island land nearest island wind picked seeds light dust seeds delicate airy parachutes silky hairs drifting air
children names peter susan edmund lucy story happened london war air raids house professor lived heart country ten miles nearest railway station miles nearest post office wife lived large house housekeeper called mrs macready servants names ivy margaret betty story shaggy white hair grew face head liked evening meet front door odd looking lucy youngest afraid edmund youngest wanted laugh pretending blowing nose hide soon night professor upstairs night boys girls room talked fallen feet mistake peter going perfectly splendid chap let think dear susan edmund tired pretending tired bad tempered don talking susan anyway bed
arctic coastline dotted small villages hundred live village thirty forty buildings eskimo village church shops school children school weekday small villages teacher teach grades room larger villages grade room barrow largest eskimo village alaska teachers teachers barrow teach reading math social studies english students grade grade school schools eskimo language taught classes eskimo dance crafts folklore eskimo children play watch sports football basketball play sorts games games play blanket toss cat cradle favorite eskimo games eskimo children high school leave small villages high school large communities eskimos hope children return large communities want pass learned home village homes today wood rooms houses larger floors electricityand heat homes larger villages running water telephones eskimos build sheds houses sheds store tools hunting equipment furs eskimos north canada greenland live houses looked houses called igloos igloo eskimo word house
lazy quiet place earth changing mighty force understand began press sides continents earth skin weak places squeezed giant folds mountains chain newfoundland alabama appalachians wrinkled lands rising swamps began drain weather colder drier took millions happen mountain building ended lasting summer swamps edged giant tree ferns tall rushes amphibians reptiles managed live kind creature small hands dinosaurs dinosaurs small lively ran mud flats connecticut valley later mud tracked birdlike footprints turned stone nowadays england walks terraces flagstone dinosaur footprints seen gradually dinosaurs appeared earth comfortable place live frost wind rain wearing mountains weather warmer rainier arctic sea washing western america flowed left puddles swamps lakes suited small race dinosaurs kinds lived wide lands earth reptiles uplands call colorado south dakota wyoming oklahoma utah cycads big showy flowers grew
collecting nymphs find caddis cases rectangular cases tiny pebbles sticks constructed caddis larvae safe cases larvae cling stream rocky bottom lose hold carried downstream current hungry trout gobble case caddis case bait drifting bottom nymph fish eat caterpillars grasshoppers beetles fall swim water fish eat fit mouths shiny minnow hook chunky crayfish plopped edge grassy bank interest big bass sunfish lurking undercut bait choose remember natural fish sandwich leaped plate danced table hesitate eat true fish wary food look act natural hook smaller bait fish won want bait sink squeeze split shot line want float sinker watch water insects behave imitate bait fishing quiet fish hear talking feel slightest movement water vibrations thumping sounds bank boat stay lowso fish won try sudden movements things alarm fish stop feeding
john father began train carpenter learned deal trade job build tree house sound silly says john building tree house important things decided carpentry feel pressured trade family members living wasn case john father suggested follow footsteps exposedme needed story tree house shows john father helped build love trade son father buy materials house helped design build weekend built didn let decisions watched blunders showed beam wouldn didn weight finally completed felt built noah ark real feeling john spent free working saws planes hammers advantage begin study carpentry high school finished high school early training working tools getting feel trade finished high school ready learned early guesswork fine carpentry says john
material arranged alphabetically television listings listed historical data tables arranged month sports pages newspaper list category baseball football tennis listing top popular songs arranged numerically according number copies sold source reference arranged logical order save reading important arrangement material resource prepare scanning students minutes discover organization material familiar arrangement information students proceed immediately find section page likely information desired order answer specific question locate specific bit information student want scan article newspaper magazine section encyclopedia similar source reference read entire article find information needed student want save scanning locate part article order scan quickly efficiently student familiar arrangement material taking minutes read title subheads look illustrations read paragraphs student general idea order ideas topics familiar arrangement thoughts selection student locate information quickly turn section material
milya lives round tent felt kazakhs riders call yurt milya family moves weeks water grass sheep goats horses camels home anyplace china caspian sea summer milya dresses garment cotton silk likes father brothers help tend sheep milya remember couldn ride small shaggy horse human friend days milya stay home help mother wash clothes butter cheese dry food winter airs bedding water collects dry dung hard find wood fires mother cooks milya picks grass juice usedto dye woven material spins weaves help hard making felt mother says play milya dashes join children games tag hide seek riders set yurts groups semicircle milya lacks playmates plenty space games sunset milya father brothers home night weather bad mother cook serve evening meal outdoors eat powdered millet rice cheese meat scarce family save animals trade things needs yurts dips common bowl eats food held hand
read start word look selection moment readers preview selection helps fast readers thing previewing read title selection titles designed announce subject reader think learn title thoughts bring mind subject paragraph read sentence paragraph writer opportunity greet reader tell writers announce hope tell selection writers tell writing writers try reader attention ask provocative question paragraph read final line closing paragraph writer chance talk reader important say end writers repeat main idea writers draw conclusion leading writers summarize thoughts tie facts scan selection quickly pick discover help read selection names dates numbers read slowly colorful adjectives selection light fairly easy read selection informative lot facts conversational informal discussion reader
growth commercial campground industry america closely parallels recreational vehicle industry campground industry rapidly matured distinct stages camping developments stage private campgrounds actually started war ii characterized small developments fewer fifty campsites built average investment camping recreational vehicles increasingly common equipped campgrounds began springing stage commercial campgrounds began big business entered camping field continued expansion recreational vehicle industry begun attract attention large investors landowning corporations motel chains oil companies early campgrounds developed source extra income land owned developer investors looking land buy locations attracting campers franchising entered scene provided chains campgrounds country campgrounds stage bigger contained nearly campsites expensive develop offered larger array services facilities stores recreation halls laundromats supervised recreation programs full utility connections recreation vehicles common late early saw introduction commercial camping stage resort campground large development expense resort campgrounds found florida similar areas camping season assured northern states maine michigan campgrounds provide ultimate services marinas gas stations restaurants movies water sports golf tennis sports instruction craft souvenir shops baby tending discotheque bars
unhealthful debilitating prison conditions federal soldiers andersonville contend depredations comrades frequently stole food clothing valuables lay hands violence gain ends andersonville raiders large organized group thieves murderers notorious dangerous predators nearly months raiders held sway inside prison robberies murders daily occurrences finally help prison officials ringleaders captured july quick trial fellow inmates hanged prison situated union lines dogs confederates track runaways efficient escape andersonville difficult prison existence prisoners escaped slipped details stockade emaciated survivors andersonville returned homes end war widespread demand north punishment responsible claimed deliberately planned atrocities assassination president abraham lincoln andersonville story potent weapon arsenal wished impose harsh reconstruction confederate states america despite numerous claims contrary conspiracy part confederate officials deliberately exterminate federal soldiers confined andersonville horrors andersonville resulted principally breakdown southern economy civil war confederacy suffered fundamental weaknesses crippled military operations functioning efficient prison war system virtually impossible
insects greatest competitor food fiber transmitters ancient pestilences malaria sleeping sickness yellow fever bubonic plague threats public health agricultural abundance held check determination entomologist versatility organic chemist major breakthrough development organic pesticides discovery application ddt effective ddt early studies predicted eventual eradication insect species reckon ability insects develop resistance undaunted organic chemists proceeded synthesize chemical relatives ddt chemicals toxic insects ddt toxicants discovered provided farmer public health official undreamed weapons insect hordes inexorably insects retaliated extensive capacity evolve strains resistant insecticides recently development precise sensitive methods analysis pesticide residues revealed disturbing persistence chemicals environment pesticides toxic insects animals concern environmental health wildlife problem increasing insecticide resistance requires approach insect control agricultural health demands society permit return methods control fundamental approaches insect control found biological biochemical behavioral differences set insects animals sought understood study insect feeding growth development reproduction order understand fundamental differences insects animals
word prospector conjured visions whiskery desert rats toting pickaxes shambling mules thousand western novels thousand cinematic sunsets prospecting joined space age happened flash mineral companies analyzed water flowing mountain streams clues ore bodies electrical magnetic prospecting devices combination geochemical analyses field studies led mineral industry variety ore deposits recent greater sophistication today tools infrared cameras mercury vapor detectors computers helicopters addition modern prospectors scrutinize treetops study sound waves observe plant transformation began kind scientific detective case culprit caper technological society glutton binge eating rare heavy metals tin antimony mercury bismuth nickel tantalum platinum silver gold precious reserves dwindling ominously geological survey arm department interior began field testing techniques aid uncovering additional mineral resources government acted rare metals vitally sophisticated century technology list absolutely indispensable nickel added steel strength corrosion resistance needed mercury scientific apparatus vital electronics industry components rectifiers switches platinum electronics contact points tin goes important products solder antimony plays part rubber production gold silver limited baubles
majority young americans travel abroad rich satisfying experience turned nightmare hundreds young americans foreign jails drug charges arrested defrauding banks merchants issuers traveler checks officials give limited assistance arrested penalties abroad frequently severe prison conditions primitive americans generally aware countries drug pushers informers police customs officials young americans learn trap hard americans mistakenly believe foreign drug law enforcement stringent contrary prosecution drug offenders intensified countries penalties severe ranging jail heavy fine possession narcotics death country countries sentence detoxification asylum mental hospital smoking marijuana draw penalties possession heroin drugs hazards visitor private currency transactions strangers street corner deals offering quick profits lead trouble traveler steer clear black market activities currency regulation violations illegal dealings caught penalties severe black market dealers prove police informers visitor offered unbelievable bargain shouldn believe involve stolen goods laws governing cash traveler checks stringent abroad buy discounts strangers street spend jail regretting foolish moment
greatest interest concerned environmental aspects solid waste management issue need resource recovery recycling americans greater symbol imbalance nature maladaptation realities fact discard millions tons wastes fact american realize trash need mere junk potential significant vein resources mother lode opportunity vision horizon american serve longer view solid waste management solely terms collection disposal magic science technology required convert waste resources fact proportion consumption resource recovery steadily losing ground recent virtually materials sector approximately million tons paper iron steel glass nonferrous metals textiles rubber plastics flow economy yearly materials weighing roughly leave economy waste spite neighborhood recycling projects container recovery depots paper drives litter campaigns local ordinances banning non bottle emergence valuable technological approaches trickle effluence affluence today diverted municipal waste stream principal obstacles economic institutional technological cost recovering processing transporting wastes high resulting products simply compete economically virgin materials course true costs economic externalities environmental impact virgin materials reflected production costs subsidies virgin materials form depletion allowances favorable freight rates secondary materials attractive
special visitor guam early greeted airport cheering crowd hundred including representative governor business civic officials visitor government official political dignitary achieved kind fame earlier brought attention shoichi yokoi sergeant shoichi yokoi straggler japanese imperial army lived cave guam twenty unaware war ii ended returning tourist guam returning tourist place spent twenty hiding resounding welcome guamanian populace testament human spirit guam surprised sergeant return fact seen island tourist center recent attracting japan guam visitors servicemen participated pacific theater operations war ii tourists guam tropical paradise modern conveniences luxuries contemporary society guam honeymoon haven japanese flock thousands islands especially september october fact shoichi yokoi brought bride return guam tourists visit guam annually contributing rapidly expanding economy island influx visitors occasioned building boom hotels restaurants tourist related services class hotel rooms exist guam large number additional rooms construction accommodate growing number visitors
modification water yield watershed planned manipulation complex process potentially impact municipal water supplies requisite skill scientific artistic practitioners highly trained experienced costs producing high quality water economic development rapidly expanding population spur extensions resource developments upper reaches watersheds approach development watershed lands positive objective development programs based capabilities land federal agencies private enterprise supported programs watershed management restore quality water areas watershed management practices prudently employed clean water short changing interests added benefits managed watershed include accrue increased opportunities recreation land development soil stability grazing improved wildlife habitat forest products watersheds mere water producing areas extremely rugged rocky escarpments major mountain ranges watershed lands provide socioeconomic opportunities millions attracted watershed lands enjoy scenery facilities recreation watersheds provide shelter sustenance wildlife waterfowl lands source summer forage thousands sheep cattle ideal watershed lands water limited supply distributed evenly nation billion acres land continental united states millions acres transformed cities towns farms airfields paved highways millions acres classified water producing land
brilliant sun sank low winkie country oz tinting glistening tin towers tin minarets tin castle glorious sunset hues approached winding pathway woot wanderer met castle entrance winkie servant servants tin woodman wore tin helmets tin breastplates uniforms covered tiny tin discs sewed closely silver cloth bodies sparkled beautifully tin castle beautifully tin woodman woot wanderer looked servant bright glittering magnificent castle bright glittering looked eyes grew big wonder woot big wanderer proved gorgeous sight met boyish gaze lives asked emperor winkies famous tin woodman oz replied servant trained treat strangers courtesy tin woodman queer exclaimed wanderer emperor queer admitted servant kind master honest true tin gladly serve apt forget asked woot wanderer moment thought
started find heart love nimmie amee hearts scarce think big forest strange joints suddenly rusted forgotten oil stood unable move hand foot continued stand days dorothy scarecrow rescued oiled joints set free care rust dorothy questioned wanderer girl happened house carried cyclone kansas land oz house fell munchkin country fortunately landed wicked witch smashed flat big house think witch scarecrow correcting dorothy says witch turned dust wind scattered dust direction continued tin woodman meeting scarecrow dorothy emerald city wizard oz gave heart wizard stock hearts low gave kind heart loving heart love nimmie amee heartless couldn wizard give heart kind loving asked boy asked short hearts stock accepted say kind heart
waited remarked scarecrow left grounds castle path led eastward true replied tin woodman noticed end wait hardest endure try nimmie amee happy soon ah proves kind heart remarked scarecrow approvingly bad loving heart woot tin going marry nice girl kindness loves sure girl scarecrow intelligent straw loving husband kind kind husband sure girl content nimmie amee empress announced tin woodman proudly tin gown tin ruffles tucks tin slippers tin earrings bracelets wear tin crown head sure delight nimmie amee girls fond finery going munchkin country emerald city inquired scarecrow looked tin woodman leader party think reply engaged delicate adventure seeking girl fears lover forgotten
didn speech scarecrow frowned mrs yoop smile tin woodman looked fierce mrs yoop laughed scarecrow suspected going laugh slipped friends escape wind breath safe position warningly powerful friends soon rescue let returned accent scorn find boy tin scarecrow tomorrow morning intend transform shapes recognized threat filled dismay giantess terrible imagined smile wear pretty clothes cruel wicked husband scarecrow tin woodman tried think escape castle morning read thoughts shook head don worry poor brains escape hard try wish escape give forms contented fate discontent leads unhappiness ad unhappiness form greatest evil befall forms intend give asked woot earnestly
woot seen magic wanderings scarecrow tin woodman seen deal sorts lives greatly impressed mrs yoop powers affect mysterious airs indulge chants mystic rites witches giantess ugly disagreeable face manner frightened prisoners witch seated sat arm chair spread beautiful embroidered skirts admire chairs room high friends climb seats mrs yoop observed waved hand instantly golden ladder appeared leaning chair opposite climb obeyed tin boy assisting clumsy scarecrow seated row cushion chair giantess continued tell happened travel direction errand tin woodman told nimmie amee decided find marry loving heart story amuse big woman began ask scarecrow questions heard ozma oz dorothy jack pumpkinhead dr pipt oz known emerald city
tone positive knew useless protest woman unpleasant look face cruel voice big gracious tone words showed possessed merciless heart pleadings alter wicked purpose mrs yoop took ample finish breakfast prisoners desire hurry finally meal concluded folded napkin table disappear clapping hands turned captives thing programme change forms decided forms give asked scarecrow uneasily yes dreamed asleep tin solemn person tin woodman looking solemn greatly disturbed change owl point finger spoke immediately form tin woodman began change seconds nick chopper emperor winkies transformed owl eyes big saucers hooked beak strong claws tin tin owl tin legs beak eyes feathers flew chair perched tin feathers rattled tinny clatter giantess amused tin owl appearance laugh big jolly
plan scarecrow bear green monkey related story adventure dragons gillikin country soon try find castle glinda sorceress dangers lurking suit glinda able restore proper forms turn south tin owl replied straight emerald city place wish avoid hate friends sad plight blinked eyes fluttered tin wings mournfully passed emerald city canary assured sailing lightly heads turn south pass munchkin country continuing south reach quadling country glinda castle located re sure let start proposed bear journey getting tired walking legs thought tired stuffed straw woot mean annoys obliged fours legs proper walking equipment replied scarecrow consider beneath dignity words remarkable brains tire humiliation body tire
sounds pretty returned tommy kwikstep put ten pair trousers morning tie twenty shoes prefer distinguished witch fairy person wrinkled skin half teeth inquired tin owl tommy kwikstep wasn mombi remarked transformed emperor interested wasn twenty young whomsoever managed found suppose change boy asked woot run errand earn wish asked polychrome canary perching green monkey shoulder observe tommy kwikstep attentively earnest reply promised rainbow daughter flying ground took small twig bill mystic figures side tommy kwikstep witch fairy sort asked watched wonderingly canary answer busy scarecrow bear replied yes sort bird magician
mrs yoop inquired jinjur pausing broom upraised giantess gillikin country begin understand mrs yoop transformed famous scarecrow oz jinjur miserable brown bear poor quality stuffing tin owl dear tin woodman nick chopper emperor winkies green monkey nice boy recently acquainted woot wanderer canary flying close jinjur polychrome daughter rainbow form bird goodness cried jinjur amazed giantess powerful sorceress wicked powerful yookoohoo polychrome fortunately managed escape castle glinda possesses power restore shapes beg pardons forgive jinjur putting broom took lot wild unmannerly animals natural welcome home sorry haven power help troubles house declaration peace bear feet owl resumed perch chair monkey crept fireplace jinjur looked woot critically scowled
ozma dorothy pleased woot wanderer found modest intelligent mannered boy truly grateful release cruel enchantment promised love revere defend girl ruler oz forever afterward faithful subject visit palace wish ozma glad introduce nice boys ojo munchkin button bright thank majesty replied woot turned tin woodman inquired plans emperor seek nimmie amee marry abandon quest return emerald city castle tin woodman highly polished oiled reflected question answered reason find nimmie amee munchkin country perfectly safe enchantment marry nimmie amee empress winkies enchantment broken correct friend scarecrow answered scarecrow oppose logic afraid don love nimmie amee suggested dorothy love replied tin woodman love wife kind husbands able
spot dorothy met tin woodman rusted badly joints move oiled accompanied emerald city ah sad experience asserted tin woodman soberly caught rainstorm chopping tree exercise realized firmly rusted joint stood axe hand unable move days weeks months known exactly finally dorothy saved tree chopping rusted home case woot cabin stands occasion visit errand nimmie amee house farther left didn say lives wicked witch makes slave asked boy reply told witch destroyed dorothy house fell nimmie amee live haven seen course witch crushed standing rusted forest poor girl felt happy free form cruel mistress
pretty place painted dark blue trimmings lighter blue neat blue fence yard blue benches underneath shady blue trees marked line forest plain blue lawn house sized building ku lived front part house shop part built lean addition order give room found tinsmith absent arrival smoke coming chimney proved soon return nimmie amee scarecrow cheerful voice waited tin woodman door workshop finding unlocked entered looked curiously room home told friends lost leg carry hand hopped leg place forest enchanted axe cut remember ku carefully put meat leg barrel think barrel standing corner yonder began tin leg worked fast skill interested job
invisible person struck heavy blow declared tin woodman struggling separate tin soldier legs arms mixed sure person polychrome looking grave usual merely ran hard substance barred order sure let try place ran caution advanced place reached position line halted arms outstretched feel hard smooth glass sure glass let try suggested woot getting tried forward discovered barrier polychrome encountered glass air replied small voice solid air looked downward found sky blue rabbit stuck head burrow ground rabbit eyes deeper blue fur pretty creature friendly unafraid air exclaimed woot staring astonishment rabbit blue eyes heard air solid push push air declared rabbit hard powerful sorcery forms wall intended getting house yonder wall tin woodman yes wall answered rabbit fully feet thick high inquired captain fyter tin soldier high mile rabbit
sure answered blue rabbit dug roam broad fields going eat cabbages nimmie amee garden leaving burrow end don think nimmie amee mind garden hole magic wall rabbit pleases bigger burrow allow pass able inquired polychrome yes answered blue rabbit especial friend nimmie amee threw stones nibbling lettuce yesterday yelled shoo nervous re welcome burrow choose nonsense declared woot wanderer big crawl rabbit burrow big agreed scarecrow remember polychrome fairy fairies magic powers woot face brightened turned lovely daughter rainbow small rabbit asked eagerly try answered polychrome smile presently easily woot astonished tiny grouped rabbit burrow hole appeared entrance tunnel
turned scowling yes voice growl absurd tin creatures claim head arm part personal property re shouted captain fyter re mix declared emperor gentlemen interrupted nimmie amee ask respectful poor chopfyt guests polite insult husband husband tin twins exclaimed dismay yes married chopfyt ago sweethearts deserted reproof embarrassed nick chopper captain fyter looked shamefaced moment tin woodman explained earnest voice rusted tin soldier course asserted nimmie amee knew marry promised scarce land oz live met chopfyt interesting reminded strongly tin tin arm reminded wonder remarked scarecrow listen nimmie amee astonished woot castoff parts re wrong declared polychrome laughing greatly enjoying confusion
remarkable thing happened mountains dwarf poking sharp tool looking spot begin mining poked poked deep hole earth poked clear spring water spurting hole hurried excitement tell dwarfs running water pleased built fine house heavy stones special door flat rock balanced place carefully carved hinges whistle small stone blew high note tuned warble blew door rock house open blew door shut took turns charge whistle worked hard spring clean beautiful spring discovered cup land surrounded cliffs eventually spring began fill cup lake top spring house standing center island lake getting higher higher spring house completely submerged dwarfs longer easily clear water door open close whistle water lake began fill creatures water creatures lovely mermaid dwarfs named ardis pretty doll linked stones trailing fern fastened head hair
gaylen lived castle left tiny baby gurgling basket main gate basket carried king annoyed contents harry king frown suppose silly mother thinks adopt baby leave kingdom die won expect son baby kitchen maids prime minister hovering nearby sprang forward heard king saying majesty let baby care promise bother humph king earth want baby ahead prime minister joyfully basket king promptly forgot truth decree lonely wife lived castle tower wasn wife lonely child wanted child badly awake thinking couldn sleep overtired caught colds snuffling beard wrapped throat warm feel achy wretched advise king important matters say things dow thed dot eddy bore king cross prime minister feel worse
days town registered job finished gaylen turned pages notebook sighed poll continued prime minister leave delicious votes agreed complicated mention apples instance form vote apple tarts apple tarts baked nutmeg cinnamon delicious served sharp yellow cheese couldn put definition dictionary put notebook saddlebag crossed office mayor house spend night glad finished polling town evenings fine mayor daughter named medley night told stories gaylen sat evenings eyes wide medley mayor wove tales wise fish heroes elusive white roebucks castles dead remarkable tales left breathless tried let mayor eagerly listened nearly grown stories heard castle passing minstrel stopped sing loved marveled half believed wanted believe altogether tonight medley asked mayor evening supper dwarfs mermaids papa climbing tell story woldweller yes gaylen likes stories woldweller asked gaylen quickly frowning medley hoping mayor wouldn pointed remark
law rule action conduct governing relations prescribes prohibits wrong purpose law definition rights protection enjoyment rights punishment persons interfere rights law prescribed governing authority able enforce law tends develop organized society serve needs members common law known unwritten law consists rules resulted custom usage enforced courts common law united states inception england centuries ago inheritance american colonies english rule system laws resulted practice english cases decided accordance precedents decisions previous similar cases laws adopted congress legislatures states known statutes adopted city town council board aldermen known ordinances laws federal constitution constitutions commonly known written law written law established government country conduct citizens residents enforced common unwritten law constitute known municipal law laws conform united states constitution supreme law land law congress contrary federal constitution ineffective declared united states supreme court law passed legislature conflict federal constitution federal statute constitution enforceable
written contract seal formal specialty contract scroll wafer figure pen word seal letters meaning place seal denote seal today contracts seal attached deed conveying title real estate illustration contract seal contracts seal affixed simple parol contracts class agreements includes oral written contracts contracts valid sufficient legal consideration present evidenced benefit obtained party detriment suffered party contract promise party contract return promise party constitute sufficient valid consideration agreement result enforceable contract laws require real estate mortgage writing seal form prescribed mortgage homeowner printed letters opposite signature written instrument design impression paper wax attached thereto held requirement law seal contract satisfied writing letters opposite signature person bound instrument seal consist design adopted purpose parties contract bound promises contract referred bilateral contract contract results promise deliver article fixed price return promise pay price agreed
society considers minor immature understand significance contract incapable properly guarding interests set safeguards form laws minor competent enter contractual relations enter contract bound wishes purpose provisions law protect minor advantage adults bases determining minors avoid disaffirm contracts contract minor infant voidable option need perform part contract desire executory contract minor affirmed ratified legal age contract void ratification place reasonable reaches twenty birthday positive ratification failure disaffirm constitute affirmance ratification ratify entire contract merely part minor performed part contract involving personal property return property money received demand return property money majority reasonable contract involves real property contract disaffirmed minor majority disaffirmance executed contract minor reaches maturity legal age reasonable contract valid express disaffirmance contract minor adult minor avoid disaffirm
moral consideration called consideration insufficient legally consideration executory promise person legally bound morally bound love honor friendship sympathy conscience similar motives promise support friend ill financial means prompted feeling moral obligation feelings sympathy friendship promise legally enforceable lack consideration statute law states makes moral obligations legally enforceable moral duty adult child support indigent parents common law contracts seal require consideration fact contracts seal raised conclusive presumption consideration evidence prove consideration lacking permitted introduced common law rule changed statutes states alabama oregon michigan jersey york wisconsin contracts seal virtually footing simple contracts california alaska indiana nevada arizona idaho iowa nebraska mississippi kansas montana kentucky minnesota arkansas missouri north dakota washington texas oklahoma ohio tennessee south dakota person attempts recover contract seal required prove consideration sealed contract raises presumption consideration person sued presumption consideration statutes states york provide person claim give release claim making statement writing seal effect consideration release executory promise waiver surrender
payment acceptance cash irrespective amount method binding bargain accepting check payment purchase giving receipt full cashing check received payment sale payer bank constitutes satisfactory payment check accepted payment cleared bank subsequently dishonored sufficient payment meaning statute part payment money property writing required contracts statute frauds need form note memorandum memorandum note agreement merely evidence agreement need signed party charged memorandum printed written pen pencil typed consist writings number letters memoranda passed parties merely sales slip writing sufficient sets terms agreement clearly identifies subject matter statement consideration names identifies parties signed party charged duly authorized agent special requirements conditions included party charged promisor written printed consist mark sign promisor lieu signature states signature need end note memorandum failure include note memorandum terms found contract makes agreement unenforceable
receive money property contract assigned party consent party contract performance person contract assigned effect performance party contract contracts performance requiring personal skill assigned personal element involved construction garage painting house examples contracts true contractor job build garage paint house ordinarily expected implied contractor employ help law assumes rightly responsibility seeing workmanlike manner contractor usual safer method effecting assignment contracts consent party assignment generally accepted principle law determining contracts assigned contracts assigned contracts assigned consent parties affected requiring personal services assignment forbidden terms contract law receive services contract involving trust confidence ability honesty skill person assigned party contracts assigned terms prohibit assignment contrary public policy forbidden statute statutes prohibit assignment pay due soldiers sailors public officers
general rule passing title buyer ordinarily title goods seller seller title defective title buyer position seller obligated return goods real owner perfect title bought goods knowledge defects seller title fair presumption title goods follows possession person possession goods title person title possession thief acquires title goods steals convey title true owner relinquished title goods innocent purchaser acquired goods faith obliged return goods owner title stolen goods left true owner possession regained goods found matter possession finder lost article title true owner lost article person buys article found acquires title finder true owner learns article possession buyer buyer obliged surrender pay owner acquired goods finder faith fair
article bought purpose buyer expressly impliedly makes purpose known seller relies skill judgment seller select goods suitable purpose implied warranty goods reasonably fit purpose purchased goods purchased retailer purchaser claim breach implied warranty fitness purpose manufacturer goods warranty exists parties sale goods purchased description sample implied warranty goods correspond description sample goods merchantable condition goods purchased conform description capable put goods ordinarily intended lack suitability goods purpose buyer intended put give claim seller seller impliedly warranted goods serve general purpose goods ordinarily intended specific purpose individual purchaser warranty exists buyer opportunity examine goods patent trade necessarily purpose article sold carries implied warranty article fit purpose purchaser presumed buying case articles apparel sold trade wearever clothes carry implied warranty articles quality permanency
mutual benefit bailments divided classes pledge pawn mutual benefit bailment created personal property left security repayment money borrowed bank loan association credit union pawnbroker person borrows money bailor pledgeor lends money bailee pledgee property left security pledge represents property pledged delivered pledgee pledge property known constructive delivery warehouse receipt describing goods stored warehouse pledged place actual goods pledgeor impliedly warrants title property pledged law considers pledgeor personally liable repayment loan fails redeem chattel pledgeor redeem pledge payment debt pledge irredeemable ground public policy failure pledgee return property pledgeor sue replevin sue damages pledged article pledgeor transfer assign article pledged interfere rights pledgee sale pawn ticket transfer pledgee ordinary care property return identical article pledged loan paid liable ordinary negligence article pledgeor permission proper care article profits pledgee property pledged returned loan paid reduce debt
draft payable number days sight means draft paid number days drawee sight agrees bound terms drawee shows willingness obey order drawer pay draft according terms instructions writing word accepted presented similar descriptive term face draft adding date signature drawee absolutely liable draft drawer liability indorser maturity date draft computed acceptance date acceptance draft drawee known acceptor draft payable date requires acceptance absolutely liable date maturity calculated date draft date acceptance drawer draft payable date conditionally liable draft finally presented payment presentation draft acceptance discharge liability accepted draft illustrated section payee draft unconditional acceptance acceptance drawee terms draft exactly written known general acceptance acceptance draft party dishonored nonacceptance drawee duly protested save credit drawer known acceptance honor acceptance supra protest payee agrees kind acceptance accomplished writing face draft words accepted honor drawer
holder due course called bona fide holder notice takes negotiable instrument faith maturity notice defects instrument holder entitled rights benefits instrument wholly free risk parties liable instrument defense action collection money title holder due course mere assignee holder negotiable paper termed holder due course acquired paper conditions paper complete regular face paper visibly altered completed blanks left unfilled evidence irregularity issued usual course business considered sufficient warning holder paper complete regular face holder due course paper acquired maturity date paper acquired past due holder considered holder due course fact paper paid maturity notice wrong holder justified taking paper purchase paper faith circumstances holder acquires paper unusual irregular instrument investigate matter ascertain facts deemed acted bad faith
guarantor liable contract guaranty according terms guaranty provide guarantor pay obligation principal debtor pay case creditor proceed guarantor proceeding principal debtor guaranty collection debt creditor means disposal collect debt principal debtor proceeding guarantor guarantor paid debt entitled remedies indemnity principal debtor subrogation rights creditor contribution coguarantors guarantor pays debts obligations principal debtor entitled reimbursement debtor payments recover reasonable costs expenses incurred connection creditor claim remedy known guarantor indemnity guarantor called creditor pay debt principal debtor entitled creditor rights benefits transaction remedy known guarantor subrogation subrogation permits guarantor acquire stocks bonds property pledged principal debtor security debt persons joint guarantors principal debtor called pay debt liable proportionate share payment guarantors pays entire debt hold coguarantors liable proportionate shares remedy known guarantor contribution
department commerce regulations heights towns open spaces airplanes flown regulations designated freely navigable unrestrained upper air space nullifying onetime belief owner land owned sky failure adhere prescribed limit makes offender guilty trespass liable revocation license altitude course lower taking landing plane flown dangerously close persons property mortgages unpaid taxes improvements betterments assessments mechanics liens labor performed materials furnished improvement real property payment constitute liens specific realty judgments payment money recorded required statute general liens real property property sold liens enforceable land hands owner provided recorded county clerk office required law liens realty unpaid taxes assessments priority liens law imposes taxes assessments real property support government failure pay taxes due liens property penalties interest added collection enforced legal process result sale property federal government states political subdivisions states person real property consent public purpose known eminent domain exercised property needed park school railroad bridge approach thoroughfare erection telephone line
addition duties mortgagor owes mortgagee mortgagee sell assign transfer bond mortgage party assignee bond mortgage receives rights assignor mortgagee assignment debt paid mortgagor due mortgagee property applied payment debt mortgage security known foreclosure mortgagee lien mortgage foreclosed creditor mortgagee proves amount debt including interest charges property sold direction court equity proceeds realized sale applied payment debt money remaining claims mortgagee satisfied goes mortgagor subsequent mortgagees amount realized sale amount due foreclosed mortgage deficiency decree deficiency judgment entered mortgagor remainder mortgagor pay judgment court garnishee salary order amount regularly salary wages amount judgment fully paid frequently provision contained mortgage giving mortgagee power sale requiring mortgagee bring action foreclosure statute law states mortgagor defaulted payment mortgagee period redeem property paying amount due interest known equity redemption
law designed means system unemployment compensation functioning federal operation aid workers unemployed short periods applies employable persons able willing fault social security act power initiative passing unemployment compensation legislation subject minimum federal requirements type plan established left decision legislation passed provisions proper administration law social security board pay expenses administration federal law permits states set system unemployment compensation fit establish designate groups protected plan excluded levy taxes employees employers contributions fund benefits paid provisions contributions system establish rules regulations governing payment amount duration benefits law appropriated annually aiding states unemployment division social security act federal tax employers entire pay roll employers persons taxed cent wages excess employee government deduction cent federal tax paid tax government approved unemployment compensation fund law providing federal operation establishing unemployment compensation systems includes coverage persons employed ordinarily considered industry commerce including service employees national banks building loan associations
writers generate ideas freewriting writing nonstop comes heads idea word idea word originally meant mean image mind picture likeness today idea thought exists mind thought opinion fantasy plan action belief purpose freewriting thoughts flowing worrying spelling grammar punctuation sentence structure begin freewriting discover generating ideas words phrases develop specific piece writing types freewriting type write comes mind specific topic type started sure want write lets find say worrying mistakes simply write mind begin freewriting discover generating ideas observe reflect sharpen concrete ideas essay ideas generated student freewriting excerpt going write write read write interesting interests interest readers interest want read interests interesting thing lately watch wizard oz tv
diaries record lives writing significant events diaries journal journals daily listings events selections memorable experiences writer thoughts feelings ann frank century known journal diaries wrote entry letter friend entry dated june journal mean don want set series bald facts diary want diary friend call friend kitty ann frank jewish teenager living amsterdam holland war ii broke parents sister friends hiding nazi occupation netherlands lived secretly unused portion office building pages ann frank journal recount moving detail experiences encounters family cramped situation journal provided outlet hopes fears dreams frustrations august nazis discovered hiding place arrested occupants concentration camps ann frank died months later age concentration camp war father returned secret annex found diary based circumstances hopes fears dreams frustrations think ann frank wrote journal discuss ideas classmates entry written shortly family arrest ideas ann frank expressing thoughts feelings
dictionaries differ kinds information word elements printed boldface type correct spelling applicable alternate spelling shows word divided syllables pronunciation set parentheses entry word key pronunciation symbols front dictionary bottom page words syllables stress mark appears directly syllable receives strongest emphasis worksheet practice pronunciation symbols parts speech italics abbreviated noun help identify word functions words part speech find meaning looking check part speech entry origin development word etymology shown earlier forms word english languages etymology special symbols abbreviations meaning derived word definitions listed dictionaries give earliest meaning give current common meaning check preface instructions beginning dictionary method follows dictionaries include definition phrase sentence show word context actual speech writing dictionaries list words nearly meaning words called synonyms directly definition shows basic information found entry
reading discussing metaphors able find point complex piece writing author explicitly means process involves observing identifying individual metaphors reflecting metaphors seeing patterns relationships repetition linking reflection main idea theme steps analysis help determine means think steps help understand meaning concrete poem forsythia chapter order understand meaning forsythia observe poet morse code connect letters words created word forsythia reflect relationship letters words shape forsythia bush reflect analogy telegram announcement forsythia spring reflection leads understanding forsythia metaphor spring flowers blossom spring steps guide analyzing piece writing look subject journal list observations analyze event problem piece writing look steadily carefully description analysis depends entirely ability notice things difficulty step look impression
town heart america live harmony surroundings town lay midst checkerboard prosperous farms fields grain hillsides orchards spring white clouds bloom drifted green fields autumn oak maple birch set blaze color flamed flickered backdrop pines foxes barked hills deer silently crossed fields half hidden mists fall mornings roads laurel viburnum alder ferns wildflowers delighted traveler eye winter roadsides places beauty countless birds feed berries seed heads dried weeds rising snow countryside fact famous abundance variety bird flood migrants pouring spring fall traveled distances observe fish streams flowed clear cold hills contained shady pools trout lay days ago settlers raised houses sank wells built barns strange blight crept area began change evil spell settled community mysterious maladies swept flocks chickens cattle sheep sickened died shadow death farmers spoke illness families town doctors puzzled kinds sickness appearing patients
suppose want compile anthology classmates decide include reading selections chapter students need able read selection understanding choose chapter readings write study guide questions help students understand point decide kind personal experiences piece meaningful list attitudes readers watch devise questions help reader identify writer point view general specific purposes writer devise question relates pattern organization purpose begin write questions sure pronouns agree antecedents words refer replace read pronoun antecedent agreement editing reference section want review pronouns editing reference supplement composing questions aware indicators happened happening happen notice writers record observations present tense past tense looks fresh nice strange blight crept area began change writer shift tenses article essay important aware verb tense shifts occur read introducing verbs tenses editing reference supplement sure understand ideas tense read forming past tense editing reference section chapter form group chosen reading selection discuss questions
country age early heard lovely stories country dreamed returning someday wasn opportunity fulfill dream child mother sit night tell beautiful tales puerto rico especially told country struggles survive times depression spite suffering managed able enjoy fullest beautiful island mother told believed witchcraft superstitious times mixed religion superstition based thier lives beliefs especially interested country town mainland according standards sophisticated country afraid encounter town deeper country able meet stories want visit lovely island thought saddened fact died seen puerto rico determined fulfill dream forget feeling minute set foot island remember breathing tropical air feeling pure compared air york city
ago horace white observed constitution united states based philosophy hobbes religion calvin assumes natural mankind war carnal mind enmity god course constitution founded experience abstract theory event intellectual history western civilization drew constitution philadelphia summer vivid calvinistic sense human evil damnation believed hobbes selfish contentious affairs merchants lawyers planter businessmen speculators investors seen human nature display marketplace courtroom legislative chamber secret path alleyway wealth power courted felt knew frailty human atom interest believe believe power political constitution control abstract notion ascribe practical follows language fathers general knox wrote disgust washington shays rebellion americans actual possessing turbulent passions belonging animal secret discussions constitutional convention clear distrust foremost distrust common democratic rule revolution took restraining hand british government colonial grievances farmers debtors squatters merchants investors large landholders flared anew lower orders took advantage democratic constitutions states possessing classes frightened
mythology grown thomas jefferson massive imposing american history bitterly prejudiced views federalist historians wide acceptance stereotype perpetuated adherents jeffersonian tradition claud bowers late parrington extremely popular jefferson pictured militant crusading democrat physiocrat repudiated acquisitive capitalistic economics revolutionist tore social fabric virginia sponsor revolution destroyed federalism root branch fact give color truth notions torn shrewd jefferson scholars charles beard gilbert chinard albert nock certainly lack criticism accounts dominant jefferson legend issues overdramatized jefferson overdramatized strange jefferson bitter rebels live tearing established orders forcing social struggles issue born eminent place virginia aristocracy peter jefferson father mother jane randolph distinguished virginia family assured social position peter jefferson died leaving son fourteen acres large number bondsmen mature thomas jefferson owned acres hundred negroes leisure writings human liberty supported labors generations slaves jefferson benevolent slavemaster feeling common doubtless affected ingrained habit solicitude helpless dependents supported
jefferson declared struggle party federalists cherished distrusted number elbridge gerry pierce butler charles pinckney edmund randolph cherish differences abstract principle intense account fierceness conflict peculiar lines drawn democratically minded americans stand jefferson line division essentially kinds property kinds philosophy federalists hamilton service secretary treasury government foundation unashamed devotion mercantile investing classes method funding national debt national bank subsidiary policies government hamilton subsidized invested manufactures commerce public securities throwing tax burden planters farmers landed interests majority matter marshal strong party jefferson party formed defend specific propertied interests abstract premises democracy policies conceived executed sober moderate spirit jefferson generation expected propertied citizens entered political arena jefferson elected naive federalists frightened marrow propaganda imagined end fisher ames anticipated soon scent loathsome steam human victims offered sacrifice knew president elect hysteria especially insiders private knowledge circumstances chosen
calhoun touching faith ability catch logic political reasoning phases personal series syllogisms premise wonders times showed fantastic lack judgment choosing premises guilty terrible logic chopping trust logic led insane confidence confidence opinion say wrote think apparent clearness leave choice pursue course impression acted force destiny looking wrote duff greene death regret correct calhoun ability intensity focused making president accepted view contemporaries friend foe denied friendliest biographers acknowledged understood aspirant declared fervently senate turn heel presidency score thought misunderstood relative purity motive credited primarily opportunist generally sought advance basis coherent stated body principles actually believed keeping occasion devious individual jackson ideas scruples money matched adams held webster
lincoln legend hold american imagination defies comparison political mythology drama shoulders torment moral burdens blundering sinful suffers redeems hallowed christian virtues malice charity destroyed pitch success worldly wise john jay knew permitted known called greatest character christ comparison imagine political figure modern times lincoln legend gathers strength similarity christian theme vicarious atonement redemption strain american experience represents equally metier politics business lincoln preeminent help americans admired course eminent american politician claim humble origins exploit able point sudden ascent relative obscurity high eminence maintained completely scaling heights aspect extreme simplicity combined attainment success power intense awareness humanity moral responsibility precisely attainments common lincoln felt remarkable light interpreted significance career keenly aware role exemplar played part intense poignant consistency performance quality high art
story abraham lincoln trip orleans twenty holds important place lincoln legend according john hanks lincoln companions slave market saw handsome mulatto girl sold block iron entered soul swore chance hit slavery hit hard implication clear lincoln half abolitionist emancipation proclamation fulfillment young promise authenticity tale suspect lincoln scholars john hanks recalled thirty afterward personal witness according lincoln hanks st louis journey beveridge observes lincoln apparently spoke alleged incident publicly privately twenty afterward showed concern slavery refused denounce fugitive slave law viciously unfair free negroes charged runaways confess hate poor creatures hunted wrote speed bite lips quiet later career opponent slavery extension interpreted light earlier public indifference question moderately hostile south peculiar institution quieted comfortable thought destined gradually disappear kansas nebraska act breathed political slavery issue seize subject agitation attack openly attitude based justice tempered expediency accurately expediency tempered justice lincoln birth southerner kentuckian parents virginians
abolitionists feeling impossible quick jump slavery freedom realizing slavery united states legally national institution dropped place flourishing played metaphysics immediatism calling emancipation gradually accomplished gradual methods short immediately begun james thome receded high ground garrisonians wish slaves turned loose governed code laws adapted intelligent citizens garrison followers sounded proposal leave negroes kind subject condition plan forced labor substitution type slavery liberal cast mind agree distant future slaves surely free lincoln important militants dissociate fabian abolitionism felt cling dogma immediatism translate plan action solution propagandistic doctrinal dilemma took theological form slavery sin needs plan stop sinning duty events god blared garrison set slaves liberty plan cried followers true genius glory slavery enterprise abolitionists clear negro independent human freed
karl marx looking slavery socialist white labor free black labor bondage phillips approaching socialism abolitionist arriving conclusion black labor truly free labor released wage slavery protected black laborer going protect laborer north south labor revolt values massachusetts capitalism phillips saw money power menace republican government confess fear regard republican institutions adequate remedy found incoming flood power incorporated wealth jersey railroad station laws york vanderbilt counting house tom scott owned legislature pennsylvania impossible railroad dominated legislature pass laws safety train passengers vote trivial sum factual inquiry condition workers conception democracy maintained separate interest society representation councils properly vote behalf woman white negro lawyer capitalist manual laborer principle founding fathers class safe government arranged class hands means protecting idea republics corporations buy legislatures equality suffrage useless republican principle dead force sufficiently numerous capable uniting threat corporate capital united labor
savage truth politics reformers isolated sterile intellectuals obsessed abstract ideal public service businessmen tired cost graft patricians worried need honesty government reason reformers concerned public uplift farmers workers trying stave private downfall steady deflationary movement prices ruinous farmers history period economic tragedies largely futile struggles money monopoly industrialism brought working class pall oppression misery found chronicle industrial revolution unrelieved fitful brutal labor struggles violent business fluctuations depressions seventies nineties sharp crisis mid eighties spread poverty insecurity surprising reformers concentrated civil service act tariff exposing peccadilloes politicians excite mass enthusiasm single minded concern honesty public service luxury middle upper classes masses care deeply honesty public servants promises lead human fruition measurable easing difficulties choice populace american city choose kindness honesty nation enduring tammanys attest rural masses look statesmen cheap dollar heyday spoilsmen organized reform movements arose republican party liberal republican movement ran horace greeley presidency mugwump bolt helped defeat blaine
path took roosevelt executive chair serving highly moral terms york reform assemblyman deserted reform element presidential race lodge guidance threw support blaine later carried republican standard hopeless contest cornered york city mayoralty campaign ran weak abram hewitt henry george president harrison appointed civil service commission zealous activity behalf merit principle won nonpartisan reappointment cleveland returned york president city board police commissioners length lodge influence procured assistant secretaryship navy mckinley popular hero spanish war elected governor york proved troublesome platt machine bosses welcomed chance kick upstairs combination friends enemies gave vice presidential place mckinley ticket reluctant run office promise obscurity roosevelt campaigned effectively ultimate reward presidency coming stand pat auspices roosevelt indoctrinated conservatism tempered considerable experience father knew big powerful leonine face heart filled gentleness needed help protection engaged glass importing business banking held conventional views big business republicans truck political reforms engaged actively philanthropies
roosevelt breadth cultivation rare politicians read widely enthusiastically intensely remembered wrote sharply times vivid flair concrete generous enthusiasms invited booker washington white house elevated holmes supreme court gave edwin arlington robinson political sinecure thoughtful cultivated found charming hard believe merely john morley interest niagara falls american natural phenomena knew shrewd political associates root henry adams john jay cecil spring rice refused altogether seriously person rightly today patience plow collected writings find despite occasional insight ingratiating flashes revelation tissue philistine conventionalities intellectual fiber muscular combative polonius repelled thoughtful skepticism detachment uncommon delicacy caused brand henry james henry adams charming exceedingly undesirable companions strong nature balk tone satirical cynicism admired literary opinions fancied weight importance actually influence intolerably biased political sentiments proclaimed robustiousness extremely traditional genteel zola disgusted conscientious descriptions unspeakable tolstoy disliked preached marriage war sonata considered filthy repulsive book dickens america gentleman gorki united states woman legal wife personally immoral continentals politics fool academic revolutionist
woodrow wilson father presbyterian minister mother presbyterian minister daughter calvinist spirit burned bright imperishable flame son learned look progressive fulfillment god distinct moral agent universe moral imperatives young tommy wilson sat pew heard father bring word watching model career fashioned aspired clergyman politics means spreading spiritual enlightenment expressing powerful protestant urge service reared early age afflicted impersonal ambition order serve greatly deadly earnest rigid exacting wilson suffered acutely presbyterian training intense cried early letters ellen axon occasions youthful career broke pressure compulsions worked obscurely capable intense feelings guilt projected demand unmitigated righteousness public affairs draining intellectual capacity tolerance early essay burke commented feelingly expect easy affable deems fighting death grapple enemies country tolerance declared article written period admirable intellectual gift worth politics politics war joust principles government matter admit meaningless courtesies earnest easy companion easy combatant wilson powerful need affection
james sara delano roosevelt franklin parents reminiscent secondary characters edith wharton novels provide climate respectable unfriendly opinion unfortunate heroines live james roosevelt vice president corporations handsome country gentlemen dabbled democratic politics enjoyed stable trotting horses lived leisure hyde park estate sara delano james wife upper class family deep roots american history father owned copper lands iron coal mines acreage york harbor fleet clipper ships married sara twenty james fifty later january entry james roosevelt diary noted birth splendid large baby boy child fond mother treated grandson father franklin brought unusual indulgence governesses tutors playmates class owned pony twenty foot sailboat times adolescence jaunts europe fourteen entered reverend endicott peabody groton school greek democracy elite headmaster stood true beautiful report groton boys ninety cent social register families lived atmosphere paternal kindness solicitude swallowed huge gulps inspiration peabody weekly chapel performances groton roosevelt beaten path harvard privileged hear james royce norton shaler illuminati flowered chiefly classroom prodigious doer joiner memberships half dozen campus clubs position crimson won deal college renown
earliest press conferences roosevelt compared quarterback football game quarterback knows play predict plan rigidly future plays depend works token cast mind metaphor game chance plays large part deal understood looks single thread policy reaching seeing plan series improvisations adopted suddenly contradictory unity political strategy economics roosevelt regard wisdom economists professional caste happen declared fireside chat professional economists changed definition economic laws ten broad limits deemed sound policy extremely broad limits understood administration politically durable weave diverse conflicting interests built brilliantly successful career democratic party flair reconciling straddling antagonistic elements practical abandon solid bedrock political harmony favor flighty economic dogma abandoned ten frances perkins tells lord keynes spending theories influential deal economists paid visit president talked economic theory roosevelt bewildered keynes rigamarole figures told secretary labor mathematician political economist keynes part disappointed remarking supposed president literate economically speaking
roosevelt died practical direction postwar policies clear left deal words promises statements general objectives tell translated action accustomed appeal liberal audience home presumably think popular humanistic language progressive tradition campaign talked guaranteeing broad security welfare economic bill rights vital remunerative job imagine involved drastic reconstruction economic going deal spoke full production full employment democratic system private enterprise government encouragement aid believe free enterprise reiterated believe private enterprise give full employment abandoning matured economy theory commonwealth club speech spoke hopefully expansion peacetime productive capacity require facilities plants equipment capable hiring millions economy operating full speed wartime conditions easy forget incompleteness recovery deal refer proudly manner fought economic crisis showed optimism foreign relations january told congress misuse power longer controlling factor international power linked responsibility obliged defend justify framework general
present medieval account major themes american saga religiously oriented sense mission abundant land noble hero favoring providence vital ingredient luck soon english settlers began sending reports themes recur overcoming strong contradictory evidence reverend alexander whitaker newes virginia began celebrationist tradition edward johnson extended england wonder working providence sions saviour half century later cotton mather magnalia christi americana provided copious documentation christ deeds america jonathan edwards took refrain pondered awakening tis unlikely god spirit extraordinary wonderful dawning prelude glorious god foretold scripture progress issue renew mankind things probable begin america lead johnson mather edwards american historians continued hesitation god almighty lord jesus christ particpants country struggles object present wrote george bancroft edition vast american history explain change condition land brought fortunes nation control blind destiny follow steps favoring providence calling institutions conducted country present happiness glory later twentieth century mythic quality american saga evaporated
fierce winter entire american empire france consisted miserable colony lay freezing half dead scurvy island saint croix passamaquoddy bay winter suffering prologue continuous process french expansion end fall montcalm plains abraham century half later sharp contrast lions castile sixteenth century borne heartlands continents spanish colonial civilization root mexico city cathedral university theological seminaries indians kneeling shrine lady guadalupe saint augustine established citadel town mexico subdued ask france dilatory pushing colonial enterprises reasons cousin claimed sailed newfoundland fishing fleets saint breton norman ports repeated voyages grand banks fifteenth century cardinal richelieu essentially declaring realm situated france mistress seas rich things needful early expeditions answer easily true francis potential prosperity french began realized force fact brought france fierce dynastic struggles period causing dissipate energies battlefields italy spain king hostage bitter rival emperor charles
merry merrie england late fourteenth century geoffrey chaucer told tales subject violent dispute doubt england economy stagnant poor prospects improvement dimmed large role agriculture serfdom manorial system national shakespeare affairs changed drastically language intervening centuries witnessed steady run drastic social change continental demands wool disrupted methods farming herds sheep grazed serfs toiled increase manpower textile manufacturing grown importance markets sought found towns grew trade guilds formed rising merchant class gained increasing economic political power trends culminated minor industrial revolution money circulated freely economic localism pronounced dependence foreign shipping declined merchants rulers alike convinced favorable balance trade flow money national prosperity centralization government tudors acceptance mercantile system turn meant redoubled efforts search advantageous markets growing desire colonial empire chief purpose chapter follow internal developments survey process england reached atlantic
york society able lend similar kind support especially outlying parishes westchester county island fifty missionaries revolution addition indian missions attempted due weak official support success fall france aid provided sir william johnson northern superintendent indian affairs small apostolate mohawks carried middle eighteenth century chief hindrances prosperity anglican churches america inadequacy educational institutons william mary existed alleviate situation reasons tactlessness president james blair college grew slowly middle colonies needs especially acute anglicans figure importantly promising responses needs york philadelphia interesting coincidence constructive advice provided efforts distinguished philosopher george berkeley took residence newport rhode island waiting financial support implement plans indian college bermuda returning england generous benefactor harvard yale libraries fervent american disciple samuel johnson anglican minister stratford connecticut educational ideas felt benjamin franklin behalf philadelphia trustees requested johnson president nascent institution berkeley plans forwarded johnson declined position receiving aid sources philadelphia college academy finally gained firm footing
colonial commonwealths north america prosperous extension british provincial society prevailing outlook unmistakably conditioned reformed puritan ethos modes institutionalizing system nurture uneven england regulated eccesiastical educational system duly established decades rolled southern ethic reflect similar emphases decisively bore marks steady expansion chattel slavery middle colonies anticipating american future dealing actuality ethnic religious pluralism colonies pervaded ideology increasingly secularized puritan level personal social ethics fundamental entire process church extension cultural modification international protestant upheaval manifested pietism continent evangelical revival britain awakening america intrinsic relation puritanism marked england apocalyptic outburst standing order challenge established authority extended range gospel preaching south brought personal religion slaves brought rancor division popular enthusiasm theological depth rejuvenated politically potent elements puritan ideology important future american protestantism revivalism institution denominations baptist methodist set course nation largest vital political future colonies awakening aware common spiritual heritage existence american nation
john charles wesley georgia repulsed inflexible high churchmen fifty returned america power person charles visit ministry words followers methodistic manifestations lay wesleys decisive confrontation german pietism born dynamic consequential religious movements modern times movement import forceful enduring america understand beginning rectory epworth rough country parish lincolnshire samuel susanna wesley susanna brought remarkable family wesleys nurtured eleven nineteen children survived infancy devout anglican ways fathers ejected church ministry nonconformity john born charles children nearly lost burning rectory boys prepared university distinguished christ church oxford john ordained fellow lincoln college ensuing brothers preoccupied spiritual took prominent roles holy club oxford emphasis devotional reading ascetic practice frequent communion rigoristic anglo catholics term dubbed methodists stuck rigorism pronouncedly evangelical george whitefield member club embarked sensational preaching career georgia succeeded degree scene wesleys resounding failure
cartwright moved baptists heard twenty conquests preachers place scattered methodists neighborhood took alarm fear preachers run converts water round persuaded cartwright return able save spiritual children brink creek desperate strategem cartwright presented baptist membership recounted christian experience received gleefully baptist preacher moment hearing declared believed infant sprinkling forcing baptists reject publicly sight rejection twenty converts returned methodist fold story depths theological controversy descended illustrates enthusiasm methodists baptists sought bring wandering frontiersmen rank station influence discipline churches baptists methodists popular churches frontier deny popular aims presbyterians mountains churches revivals took place days whitefield tennents aggressive evangelism frontier beset obstacles unable overcome legatees monumental dogmatic tradition presbyterians committed concept education instruction doctrinal system westminster formularies ill adapted simplifications frontier preaching demanded genuinely teaching church catechetical system sustained preaching educated ministry
group type amana society community true inspiration lowly origins german pietistic movements charismatic leadership group gathered places german rhineland decision migrate founded ebenezer buffalo york gain land escape urban seductions gradually removed east central iowa maintained plain thriving cluster villages late twentieth century continued prosper acre holdings incorporated cooperative addition wide variety experiments christian communitarianism early decades nineteenth century witnessed formation early dissolution dozens utopias lacked sectarian churchly aspirations antireligious famous experiments harmony founded robert owen welshman distinguished scotland industrialist passionate concern labor force owen amateur philosopher deterministic persuasions considered social environment decisive factor personal development lanark model factory town discovering rappite property indiana sale acted considered plan establish true model socialism america arrival united states owen continued publicize views lecturing national capital large distinguished audience included president john quincy adams confident america socialism promised land distinguished scientists educators social dreamers competent craftsmen answered call early harmony occupied
roman catholic church successfully sought converts faith discipline course american colonial history fact source hostility directed early jesuits maryland success regard end seventeenth century later stuart royal family gave rise considerable number jacobite converts age enlightenment coupled legal harassments contrary effect surfeit reasonable religion reaction french revolution led widespread romantic reassessment religious heritage wake wave catholic interest impulse aesthetic sentimental resulted movements catholic renewal reformation churches stimulated increase conversions roman church romantic revolution religion considered later chapter aspects loom large antibellum catholic history words catholic throngs americans began flock roman catholic church despite bitterly intense propaganda overt opposition number converts reached greatly exaggerated balanced equally large defection church figures reveal important fact american religious point significant factor shaping american catholicism mixed marriages account losses gains roman church converts attained degree public notice largest number ranks high church anglicans dissatisfied protestant episcopal church carried forward implications arguments apostolic succession valid ordination
school general assembly took steps similar position repudiating view slavery divinely sanctioned institution steps enforcement tension increased southern presbyteries fifteen thousand members withdrew form separate church war merged school church south united body continued presbyterian church united states refused reunion northern church votes presbyteries correlated markedly black white population ratios respective districts methodist episcopal church indebted john wesley closely related characteristics unified weathering slavery controversy unlikely organized exceedingly strict inflexible disagreements formally resolved generally agreed unimportant methodism theologically oriented presbyterianism greater emphasis visible matters discipline due large part factors modified wesley original regulations slavery sought extend membership south methodist ministers preachers owning slaves members church unity depended strict enforcement silence neutrality slavery question half century proved general conference evils slavery formally conceded modern abolitionism condemned forceful terms ambivalent act incited increasing number methodist abolitionists general conference successfully throttled antislavery methodists began secede organizing wesleyan methodist church michigan methodist wesleyan connection york
institution sweeping assertions outward aspect humble thing plain ramshackle structure serving small neighborhood southern countryside war recall nearly percent negroes united states lived south thirds rural regardless denomination congregations group led modestly educated minister cases elementary schooling member profession open negro charge blacks free institution important greatest single influence colored united states judgment james weldon johnson early book souls black folk dubois stresses minister importance preacher unique personality developed negro american soil leader politician boss intriguer idealist center group twenty thousand strangely absent list roles central conductor prayer praise preacher proclaim gospel apply law addressing primary fact black existence white supremacy background johnson characterize preacher instilled narcotic doctrine epitomized spiritual dis give jesus black clergy means unanimously submissive henry turner slave black chaplain union army member south carolina legislature blacks expelled
nineteenth century century christian history stands assertion repeated substantiated detail kenneth scott latourette america widely read church historian description activity fervor popular strength global expansion half story epoch awakening war spain century tribulation ordeal faith churchgoing america paradoxical manner religious impulse liberalism belongs sides century picture hand dealt responsibly social moral ecclesiastical theological issues crisis graceful ease readiness accommodate spirit age effects ambiguous alfred north whitehead led say retrospect liberal theology confined suggestion minor vapid reasons church traditional viewed american liberal theology impressive intellectual movement tends confirm idea century background liberalism golden age profound social transformation put traditional content preaching teaching severe duress problems added intellectual difficulties provoked scientific discoveries religious scholarship pervasive shifts moral religious attitudes intellectual level challenges sorts set specific problems faced separately darwin unquestionably nineteenth century newton theory evolution natural selection century cardinal idea struggle geology vital rehearsal conceptions process absorbed
utterly historical experience sixth century latest orthodox churches distinguished strong propensity neoplatonic metaphysics especially confidence reflection reliance human consensus pathway knowledge intellectualist traditionalism christ trinity redemption defined complex philosophical terms distinctive thought lives eastern churches product hellenistic age extends alexander constantine centuries pervaded awareness political religious traditions crumbled search grounds certainty christians pagans notes rise asceticism mysticism pessimism despair patient inquiry social reconstruction desire infallible revelation salvation turning mystery cults religious ideas egypt anatolia syria babylon religion replaced politics primary concern hellenistic christian gospel preached accepted varying degrees part thought proceeded formulate implications christianity philosophical terms means terms distinguish christian teaching pagan speculation east doctrinal expression increasingly platonic mystical spirit west ensuing centuries maintained letter early councils controversial exceptions unlike eastern churches lost touch religious spirit nonjuridical attitudes informed churches worship vital key nature spirit orthodoxy
october disc beatles love love hit english popularity charts date according biographer maintain international celebration parade picnic holiday decade beatles clearly leading cultural subversives irreverently joyously pensively filling air freedom exposing social cruelty asking deep personal questions strange paradox leading reflecting religious impulse music lives press agents christ shock easy thing later surprise gathered banks ganges seeking spiritual peace ancient modernized disciplines hindu religion turning religious traditions west major sign times simultaneously displays countless novelty shops providing evidence lively religious conterrenaissance advancing sign aquarius popular revival astrology progress renewed prestige cabala thrice greatest hermes interrelated movements america provided hospitable environment historical view illuminating nineteenth century scholars philosophers understandably obsessed problem classifying religions invariably found religions exist distinct institutional cultural linguistic contexts tended stress uniqueness scheme scheme classification proved unacceptable reasons john baillie suggested closely study seemingly exclusive diverse systems intimately understand inside partially divergent expressions common impulse principle
decade sixties ways marked stage development american religious history intense fiercely lived span character ended distinct quadricentennium unified hundred period anglo american experience puritan epoch seen beginning death mary tudor monarch rule officially roman catholic england ending election john fitzgerald kennedy roman catholic president united states underline point note age counter reformation began adjournment council trent ended closing vatican council histories rise organized puritanism begin accounts decisive decade reign queen elizabeth terms post puritan post protestant popularly applied america say vicissitudes puritanism vital understanding intervening say exploration settlement parts united states took rise profoundly shaped reformed puritan impulse impulse successive remained dominant element ideology protestant americans tradition elements american catholic orthodox lutheran jewish infidel red yellow black negatively positively relate age wasp age melting pot drew close
twentieth century commonplace negro americans speak write sensitively land fathers refer vast continent africa vaguest terms focus precisely specific areas ancestors emergence modern independent states ghana mali chad niger nigeria gambia upper volta evoked deep sense identification countries twentieth century slight connection nation states centuries ago bore similar names connection african left say whydah roots african states middle ages states land fathers slaves land fathers twentieth century descendants arabs began learn west africa civilization centuries land atlantic nile enjoyed limited contact civilized portions culture arabs found indigenous area developed political states risen fallen lasting contact established west africa east states sprang general region mediterranean southward gulf guinea atlantic eastward nile successively arose region major states ghana mali songhay lesser states west african record ghana lying hundred miles northwest modern namesake
england dominate slave trade expected machinery prosecuting traffic large extent product ingenuity england certainly monopoly development slave trading practices extensive interests success marked country emulated reason practices invariably england techniques trading slaves developed trial failure eighteenth century countries trading africa methods procedure handling traffic trading posts factories coast indispensable bases operation established trading proceed ships laden european goods brought traders furnished goods trade cotton textiles descriptions utensils brass pewter ivory boxes beads sizes shapes guns gunpowder spirits whiskey brandy rum variety foodstuffs important items exchanged slaves cargo varied size ship trading typical cargo king solomon inventory worth goods left london cape castle west coast trading post stationed number factors slave traders maintained friendly relations africans order procure slaves factors represented king company merchants posts bulging european goods fortified guarded soldiers
slave codes enforcement carry forward process seasoning slaves islands islands negro population outnumbered whites early ten thousand blacks jamaica thousand whites thirty thousand blacks fourteen thousand whites end century black population st christopher twenty thousand nigh twenty times white population preponderance blacks whites promoted enactment slave code excessive severity influence planters england passage act regulate negroes british plantations referred negroes caribbean wild barbarous savage nature controlled strict severity slaves leave plantation pass sunday circumstances allowed carry weapons slave struck christian severely whipped offense branded face hot iron owner accidentally whipped slave death subject fine imprisonment european countries similar laws considerable variation enforcement known french code noir humane agency brutality hands french colonials oge associates found guilty conspiring revolt decade eighteenth century cruelly executed arms thighs legs backbones broken clubs scaffold
industrial revolution england invention cotton gin extension slavery territories persistence slave trade nineteenth century effect establishing slavery united states permanent basis nineteenth century opened prospect slavery cease exist united states atmosphere negroes lived north south charged permanent character slavery united states england states laws putting end institution negroes express optimism faith future known england merchants taking slaves south moral indignation institution isolated areas groups beginning revolutionary period blacks seek ways participating struggle secure independence country secure measure independence atmosphere laden subordination subservience disrespect personality difficult task involved effort forge separate institutions phase negro history constituted significant step history adjustment acculturation america negroes search intellectual spiritual independence jupiter hammon slave island growing manhood wesleyan revival strong england america hammon greatly influenced writings charles wesley william cowper published evening thought salvation christ penitential cries published twenty stanza poem miss phillis wheatley
plantation slavery developed cotton kingdom anomaly american frontier slavery permanent settlements america nineteenth century occupy attention energies settlers threaten forms labor frontier place lose fortune largely labors emergence cotton plantation introduced kind exploitation human natural resources fostered type discipline rural areas created called peculiar situation aspect agricultural southern united states underwent complete transformation result economic social forces let loose industrial revolution industrial revolution capitalistic system lands prospects wealth cotton culture system slavery large scale operations order farm plantation turn rural factory impersonality large scale economic organization faces southern frontier changed cotton slavery transforming forces rapidly growing elements population slaves slaves million south atlantic states delaware florida ahead numbers states lower south union negro slaves census civil war slave population grown states cotton kingdom lead slaves borders
denied institution slavery human beings nineteenth century brought point subjected protest resistance resistance found institution slavery existed negro slavery united states exception frequently misunderstanding suspicion hatred mutually shared master slave natural enemies occasions conducted course numerous examples kindness understanding part owner docility accurately accommodation tractability part slave unnatural relationship nature things inherent system brutality apparently indigenous system human exploitation existed community slavery established wastefulness extravagance plantation system exception human resources slaves economic gain beating increase efficiency generally believed rod lash spared civilizing force plantation bred indecency human relations slave victim barbarity system exploited sex women finally psychological situation created master slave relationship stimulated terrorism brutality master felt secure position frequently interpreted role calling type conduct masters slaves reputation bad relieve tension mounting institution developed
negroes rushed offer services union rejected town size large numbers negroes sought service union army failing enlisted bided assist york formed military club drilled regularly police stopped philadelphia negroes offered south organize slave revolts unthinkable nation capital repeated requests war department received army meeting boston passed resolution urging government enlist feelings urge say countrymen ready stand defend government equals white defenders lives fortunes sacred honor sake freedom citizens ask modify laws enlist full scope patriotic feelings burning colored breast abolitionists began wonder supported wrong candidate lincoln filled greater despair observed vacillating policy adopted government reference slaves escaped federal lines policy commander discretion spring negroes sought refuge federal lines fortress monroe virginia general butler learned slaves employed erecting confederate defenses immediately declared contraband war returned owners put union forces
southerners traveled north civil war amazed wrought economic section pressing military needs extensive inflation union currency stimulating effect protective tariff legislation conspired industrialize north steel factories producing needed prosecution war railroads rapidly connecting north west large community hundreds technological developments production commodities conception strained imagination decades earlier forms economic organization emerged possibilities expansion nation unlimited leaders filled desperate anxiety create monopolies reap huge profits northerners anxious sell confederates northerners discerning southerners seen order things result triumph industrialism agrarian bustling cities symbols triumph wasted abandoned lands south signified defeat agrarianism southerner section careful economic psychological defeat complete military downfall politics disturbed period civil war problem reorganization seceded states part unsettled political affairs war president wielded powers tolerated peace war end congress signified choleric temper anxious restore balance branches government
concerning negro members congress white historian james ford rhodes wrote left mark legislation comparison white associates attained distinction remembered measures introduced negroes enacted law ways members congress served effectively bills introduced deemed unworthy consideration true majority bills presented congress died natural death tortuous road house president desk negro members enjoyed prestige chairman important committees difficulty winning respect colleagues party congress count members affiliated scandalous corrupt deals history country significance congressman confederate general roger pryor moved say heard negro congressman implicated credit mobilier scandal james blaine knew black congressmen colored took seats senate house ignorant helpless rule studious earnest ambitious public conduct honorable race important white black held office reconstruction forces operating influence actions negroes members congress lieutenant governors sheriffs prosecuting attorneys recorders deeds negro rule south reason carpetbag rule term commonly understood
negro americans played important part extending empire united states end reconstruction beginning war american ministers haiti largely negroes manifested keen interest extension american influence john langston haiti official representative government united states interested political economic conditions island disturbed unsettled political scene suggestions government ways trade relations improved thompson frederick douglass american minister concerned treatment american vessels haitian ports william powell minister vigorously fought discriminating taxes foreign merchants henry furness later minister concerned primarily seeking advantages american merchants matters tariffs customs duties present american ministers liberia blacks beginning milton turner helped establish closer commercial relations liberia united states including john henry smyth smith ernest lyon praised resources country sought encourage americans help develop commercial economic liberia lyon credited deal organization york liberia steamship line john reinhardt beverly carter continue tradition negro american ambassadors liberia credit united states imperial policy enlightened european powers
sordid picture negro america twentieth century moved group young negroes early organize determined aggressive action order secure full citizenship reasoned temporizing war decided fight finish group leadership dubois met niagara falls canada june drew platform aggressive action things demanded freedom speech criticism manhood suffrage abolition distinctions based race recognition basic principles human brotherhood respect working despite open attack radicalism incorporated niagara movement met harpers ferry resolutions drawn harpers ferry written dubois admitted tumult emotion kelly miller manifesto scarcely distinguishable wild frantic shriek wailings despondent courageous group calling consideration basis common humanity part past negro hater flourished land step step defenders rights american citizens retreated stealing black ballot progressed fifty representatives stolen votes sit nation capital modern age civilized folk threatened adopt cowardly creed treatment fellow citizens born bred soil
naacp undertook secure courts rights negroes obtain encouraged success cases involving grandfather clauses residential segregation arkansas peons sought break practice southern states excluding blacks democratic primaries succeeded case nixon herndon supreme court united states declare null void texas statute excluded negroes democratic primaries texas legislature enacted law giving party executive committee authority fix qualifications party membership association nixon condon succeeded law nullified arguing statute set party committee agency powers duties suffered setback grovey townsend court refused interfere exclusion negroes democratic primaries exclusion effected resolution convention party recovered lost ground smith allwright supreme court decided exclusion negroes democratic primary clear violation fifteenth amendment association negroes regard court reliable safeguard rights citizens interracial organization interested race problems commission interracial cooperation organized set quench fires racial antagonism flaming deadly menace sections country commission worked primarily south alexander prominent white southerners set program education race relations community levels
equally discouraging official opposition southern states complacency indifference taking cue call massive resistance virginia senator harry byrd eleven states confederacy enacted interposition nullification protest resolutions supreme court decision school desegregation cases black monday bitter tirade decision written mississippi circuit court judge tom brady helped stiffen opposition arguing blacks capable equal citizens segregationists cheered active opposition governor orval faubus desegregation central high school rock arkansas president eisenhower federal troops response governor defiance court order negro children gain admission school weeks months intimidation harassment children part white students parents suggested bitter harsh resistance negroes increasingly impatient intransigence opponents civil rights bolder aggressive began press rights relentless vigor action boycotting montgomery buses set southern communities cities clearly began manifest impatience negroes steadily urban dwellers black population confederacy increased nearly million million representing percent total black population growth south central cities twelve largest metropolitan areas york los chicago philadelphia detroit san francisco oakland boston pittsburgh st louis washington cleveland baltimore
process school desegregation showed illusory freedom opposition decisions school desegregation cases techniques delay desegregation altogether negroes soon discovered desegregation south north slow process late percent negro students eleven states confederacy desegregated schools intransigence officials prince edward county virginia broken supreme court ruled country required maintain public school negro children able attend public school civil rights act executive branch government gained means court unable act barred discrimination federally aided projects programs school districts receiving federal funds required desegregate present acceptable plans desegregating schools elementary secondary education act appropriation billion added incentive compliance september school districts southern border states presented acceptable plans compliance including freedom choice plans required black pupils initiative seeking admission white schools eleven southern states confederacy percent negro children attending desegregated schools school southern states rapidly learning satisfy federal requirement receive federal funds preserve order spring school desegregation process received unanticipated boost united states circuit court district
end war ii negro americans viewed fate inextricably connected fate darker peoples regardless attitude united nations took domestic problems united states negro americans sensed strongly implications interdependence brought revolutionary developments transportation communication atomic energy sudden newly awakened realization part negroes diplomacy disarmament colonial problems international relations occupied attention growing number negro scholars including dubois ralph bunch rayford logan merze tate negro press considerable number negro organizations interested international aspects struggle freedom sought define roles country play achievement dream peace equality negro americans assumed strong moral position articulate area peace freedom praised america goal community peaceful nations quick point order achieve goal discrimination race hatred segregation replaced equality citizens home chided truman administration embarrassing united states appointing secretary james byrnes south carolina negroes excluded white primaries protest undemocratic character elections bulgaria later question country involvement war vietnam achieve achieved home
half centuries colonization area known eastern united states overwhelmingly rural society especially colonial period afterward upwards cent lived countryside mass dwell rural areas vast majority free employed independent farmers artisans host urban retail trades professions beginnings american colonies included number bustling seaport cities boston north charlestown south cities real need existed casual laborers hired craftsmen paid wages southern colonies shifted agricultural base production food crops local consumption cash crops tobacco rice cotton sale market need laborers mounted satisfy rising demand labor land potential employers turned indentured servants african slaves free workers included carpenters masons shipwrights sailmakers tanners weavers shoemakers tailors smiths coopers barrel makers glaziers glass makers printers skilled craftsmen workers plied trades independently centers population grew master workmen set small retail shops employed journeymen apprentices worked wages close eighteenth century journeymen beginning form local trade societies genesis unions organized labor movement simple economic pattern distant days real basis comparisons complex industrial scene twentieth century
beginning manufacture larger scale middle eighteenth century ironworks established pennsylvania maryland jersey employed considerable number set peter hasenclever known colonial ironmaster included blast furnaces forges stamping mill brought hundred workers germany operation glass works henry steigel mannheim pennsylvania considerable labor force included plant large coach turn brick dome melting house linen factories fourteen looms foreshadowed mounting employment textile mills manufacturing house boston hundred spinning wheels later united company philadelphia promoting american manufacture employed hundred women production cotton goods enterprises provided indigent orphans wages service community manufacturing establishments groups wage earners growing importance numerous sailors fishermen town quota laborers household servants sufficient numbers meet needs wealthy members community help scarce hard gett difficult uncertaine remained familiar complaint colonial society colonies including puritan england urban upper class turned african slaves domestic help approach revolution increasing opportunities wage earners diminishing labor supply drafted military service drove wages
significance growing political power workingmen demonstrated ways opposition jackson espousal common newly organized whigs sought uphold federalist traditions favored government rich born whigs especially attacked proposition throwing open polls walks found unable stem growing political power small farmers urban workers began shift ground attacking jackson emphasizing class distinctions maintained warrant setting aristocracy democracy opposing forces american national phrases higher lower orders whig editor declared european origin place yankee dialect conservative ideas longer politically feasible uphold aristocratic principles compelled recognize classes society share government end jacksonian period original workingmen parties fallen wayside producing masses nation won political recognition objective major parties continually angling labor support editor ohio press cite single shifted political allegiance jackson william hentry harrison called support exactly grounds originally backed program advocated harrison maintained restore farmer mechanic working proper station influence republic extension franchise growing political awareness workers caused major political parties appeal directly labor vote
workers begin rebuild essentially labor organizations improvement economic conditions interrupted depression promoted shift bargaining position workers strengthened opened effective action practical weapon strikes unions period reveal important respect philosophy held earlier societies concerned solidarity labor fastened attention narrowly needs individual membership effort form city centrals labor federations comparable general trades unions unions periods primarily artisans mechanics skilled craftsmen largely concentrated established trades earlier period sympathetic organization unskilled workers factory operatives prepared cooperate societies form interest groups workers part trade unions division skilled unskilled workers hardened reluctant link fortunes limited scope labor movement resulted partly difficulties organizing skilled partly religious factors alluded bulk skilled workers american born protestants unskilled overwhelmingly immigrants catholics women children split broad sectors working class weaken labor movement twentieth century
maximum hour drives subsided enthusiasm cooperation solution labor problems took place turn wholeheartedly supported national labor union involved comparable agitation sponsors cooperation envisaged complete reformation society proponents hour establishment producers cooperatives trade workingmen set system employment ultimately wage system provide practical means equitable distribution profits industry free labor totally bondage capital sylvis lead movement establishment cooperatives iron molders local unions set foundries troy rochester chicago cleveland louisville cities disastrous strike experiences national union directly cooperation impulsively changing iron molders international cooperative protective union embarked ambitious project cost large foundry pittsburgh enthusiastic sylvis program appeared ready give promote stated abandon system strikes operation foundation organization prime object efforts unions molders machinists set number shops joint stock basis shoemakers established producers consumers cooperatives coopers organized shops minneapolis comparable projects started bakers printers hatter carpenters shipwrights
seventeen haymarket square riot railway strike step organization noble holy order knights labor labor unrest industrial strife intervened events saw rise unprecedented pinnacle power slow revival national unionism samuel gompers stubbornly promoting policies fruition formation afl future american labor mid appeared lie knights labor labor association strong challenge industry grounds organization contemporary writer stated emphatically hands rests destinies republic demonstrated overmastering power national combination workingmen knights accused feverish atmosphere days promoting radical ideas preached foreign agitators repercussions haymarket square riot contributed decline strength rapid rise power noble holy order reality indigenous response american conditions national labor union combination trade union general reform philosophy leaders looked forward abolition wage slavery construction cooperative commonwealth hazy goals stressed organization education political agitation means build society knights insisted existing economic system changed peaceably led oppose strikes
leader railway workers debs sprang overnight nationwide fame american railway union shrewd capable leadership gained membership greater railway brotherhoods rivaled declining knights labor slowly emerging american federation labor management trade unions feared debs carry aru success contest railroads principle industrial unionism embodied win victory set pattern future labor organization debs son french alsatian immigrants settled terre haute indiana father grocery store born railway yards age fourteen engineer sixteen left yards grocery clerk play politics turned labor movement later age twenty elected national secretary treasurer brotherhood locomotive firemen editor locomotive firemen magazine largely efforts union built dozen flourishing financially sound organization debs grew increasingly concerned exclusive attitude maintained brotherhood complete lack cooperation members railway employees convinced union workers nation railroads single association interests important branch labor successfully promoted suddenly resigned undertook single form american railway union
open warfare continued months colorado mine fields finally reached bloody climax militia attacked colony strikers ludlow rounds indiscriminate machinegun fire tents workers families living soaked oil put torch women children huddled pits escape raging flames eleven children women later found burned suffocated death nation horrified massacre coal companies refused consider negotiations union end strike colorado fuel iron company controlled rockefeller interests investigation strike house committee mines mining john rockefeller jr called witness stand reply questions feel killing shooting children led efforts reestablish labor peace implied give miners company prepared lengths strike settled stated unionization mines accepted interest labor profound believe sincerely interest demands camps open camps expect stand officers cost resented idea organizers seek stir satisfied labor conditions surrender similar principle war revolution carried rockefeller declared national issue vital kind
gompers scorn leftist maneuvers attempt revive form labor organization roundly condemned fallacious injurious reactionary struck foe de leon adherence iww hoped bring unction soul promoters trade union smashers rammers borers wrote joining hands pleasant sight pirates kangaroos hugging glee prospective prey gompers belief strange bedfellows soon appeared substantiated faction controversy split ranks iww immediately convention conflict moderate elements primarily represented socialist party outright proponents revolution led wholesale desertions reformists western federation miners withdrew reducing actual membership iww final struggle broke basic issue political economic action group favoring policy led de leon trautmann decisive element convention delegation western rebels overalls brigade beat chicago freight trains scant interest doctrinaire squabbling majority ousted de leon followers promptly held rival convention form organization proceeded amend chicago constitution liking amended constitution eliminated political action party affiliation means achieve workers revolution iww members sought overthrow capitalism direct economic action openly revolutionary theory practice iww pledged peace capitalists sign binding contracts employers
statistics give inadequate idea dire effects depression depict scrimping saving forced millions middle class families privations hardships caused lower income groups cruel suffering unemployed workers families bread lines tramp jungles ironically called hoovervilles sprang outskirts countless cities army young boys wandering country hopeless search jobs tragic commentary glowing mirage era abolish poverty country wage earners stood helplessly depression cut production paralyzed normal trade caused factories mines workshops shut altogether early series industrial conferences held washington employers promised uphold wages maintain employment workers accepted pledges faith rest country believe prosperity suddenly collapsed hopeful recovery corner collective bargaining agreements mass production industries steel automobiles electrical equipment compel observance wage scales pay checks gradually cut replaced blunt notices dismissal program welfare capitalism abruptly board employers forced withdraw benefits piping days prosperity granted place wage increases profit sharing schemes employee stock ownership industrial pensions workers health recreational projects rapidly discarded circumstances forced retrenchment cases carried expense workers full dividends paid common stock
earliest days office roosevelt insistence obligation government cope directly fundamental problems unemployment relief clearly demonstrated sympathetic understanding needs nation wage earners public works program included national industrial recovery act principally intended means prime pump industry civilian conservation corps federal emergency relief administration direct objectives relief army unemployed represented approach vital problem human needs differed sharply president hoover held direct relief undermining individual initiative respect roosevelt administration realistic recognizing plight unemployed necessity governmental aid industry revived provide normal opportunities employment borne program culminated works progress administration agency set aid unemployed provide jobs enable retain respect slow pace recovery recession developed involve government deeply undertaking originally contemplated wellbeing industrial workers considered important economies administration held course spite criticism expense involved reaching measure considered roosevelt cornerstone administration social security act comprehensive provision unemployment insurance age insurance aid needy principles underlying law opposed american federation labor seen reversal traditional policy unemployment insurance convention
cio began lay plans organizing campaign early january submitted executive council afl final demand industrial charters steel automobiles rubber radio break ranks guard fearful aggressive tactics committee mean established position craft unions afl members executive council countered order dissolution cio charged fomenting insurrection dual organization created serve interests seeking individuals months angry controversy raged leaders afl cio cleavage labor ranks steadily widened green alternately pleaded threatened trying bring rebels fold lewis adamantly finally late summer afl executive council suspended ten unions meantime affiliated cio submitting discipline lewis declared council acted authority fear threats answer green charges occasion believe promises federation met convention tampa florida delegates cio unions conspicuously absent countermove afl vote overwhelming meaningless majority suspension remain effect breach healed adjusted terms conditions executive committee deem cio marched ahead organizing program unions steel automobiles glass rubber radio joined original members
existing ban secondary boycotts broadened prevent union bringing pressure bear employer cease business employer curb picketing outlaw action union sought coerce company rival union lawfully recognized seriously labor point view legislation stated called land area disputes judged unimportant localized consideration national labor relations board states assume jurisdiction provision strongly militated union organization south workers organized wide prevalence region laws case taft hartley griffin act satisfied fondest wishes advocates worst fears critics unions collapse autocratic perfect democracies mid late economy boomed labor market tightened unions increased membership substantially especially south passage act demonstrate government deeper direct involvement field labor relations federal power claimed direct responsibility internal union affairs struggle union corruption labor legislation showed limits afl cio political influence despite fact corruption labor movement limited small number unions afl cio failed stop federal legislation affected internal affairs union nation discarded dreams independent political action afl cio found captive captain democratic party
internally race issue divided afl cio early established civil rights committee eliminate racial discrimination affiliates control international unions locals limited meany personally loath act matters building skilled trades excluded blacks membership south dual system seniority governed promotion wages failure afl cio act decisively prompted philip randolph form negro american labor council order conscience afl cio disturbed rise black consciousness militancy roiled labor movement herbert hill naacp labor adviser clashed meany convention federation racial practices randolph found odds meany building trades unions constantly embroiled street protests black militants governmental orders recruit minority members york city teachers union led strike put conflict part city black community detroit black workers formed large vital sector automobile industry militants created called revolutionary factions uaw drum dodge revolutionary union movement frum ford revolutionary union movement black militants times devote effort fighting uaw leaders taking general motors chrysler ford nonracial problems bedeviled organized labor severe continued inability organize workers rapidly labor force grew penetrate substantially dynamically growing sales service public employment sectors
office reagan disappoint union critics department labor created president chose secretary labor consulting top union leaders reagan selected business executive raymond donovan contacts labor leadership obvious credentials position reagan revealed economic program february slashed general welfare expenditures offering substantial tax cuts wealthy lane kirkland president afl cio charged fails test justice equity summer president union member officer president screen actors guild disclosed antilabor animus group federal employees women directed flight traffic nation airports walked jobs august protest administration refusal grant demands reagan power crush strikers union professional air traffic controllers organization patco ill advised strike excessive demands criminal walkout narrow legal terms traffic controllers motivated legitimate substantial grievances federal negotiators refused address taking cue president responsible federal officials declared walkout illegal defined strikers women violated oaths office sought injunctions local patco officers arrested chained imprisoned reagan similarly discharged strikers jobs actually argued walking job illegally announced rehired positions pardoned behavior obtained decertification patco legitimate bargaining agent
north american indians general features mongoloid ancestors yellow brown skin straight coarse black hair high cheekbones minor variations physical appearance numerous tribes greater differences modes living ways speaking hundreds languages spoken belonged dozen linguistic stocks tribes related languages understand french understand spanish tribes necessarily alike cultural patterns european diseases preceded european colonies american shores native population lacked immunity european childhood diseases measles mumps indians encountered wave european traders fishermen attacked diseases smallpox syphilis fatal results death swept ahead settlement cleared atlantic seaboard native native population half number remained coast south st lawrence river meeting europeans indians produced demographic crisis catastrophic proportions indian populations concentrated southern england chesapeake bay indian tribes carried primitive form agriculture clearings cutting trees kill setting fires forest dead blackened trunks planted pumpkins squash beans corn crops learned indirectly indians mexico south america tribe abandoned clearing yields fell accumulated filth village deep endure
american variant english culture developed colonies reflected partial americanization english language english travelers america began notice strangeness accent vocabulary lexicographer dr samuel johnson mentioned existence american dialect dr johnson thought americans barbarians doubt beginning concerned civilization lost wilderness continued provide schooling children england colonies advancement religion motive education quakers sects operated church schools widow unmarried woman conducted dame school holding private classes home cities master craftsmen set evening schools apprentices schools appearing learned read attended school revolution majority americans read founded regular newspaper colonies weekly boston news letter small folded sheet pages columns page weekly papers published colonies jersey delaware supplied presses york philadelphia monthly magazines notably american magazine philadelphia stared hopes wide circulation appeared expired successful widely read yearly almanacs
revolutionary american revolution pioneer american historian george bancroft wrote radical character achieved benign tranquility conservatism hesitated censure aim bancroft believed preserve liberty threat british tyranny revolutionary effort directed british carl becker maintained history political parties province york york becker movement independence democracy questions involved question home rule question put rule home occurred partly kind civil war contest power radicals conservatives led democratization american politics society prevailing decades interpretation strong attack middle class democracy revolution massachusetts robert brown contended massachusetts close complete democracy practically enjoying vote brown agreed nearly bancroft becker morgan birth republic argued americans period held political principles morgan emphasized ideas took seriously rhetoric revolution bernhard bailyn reading hundreds revolutionary pamphlets bailyn ideological origins american revolution study pamphlets confirmed fashioned view american revolution ideological constitutional political struggle primarily controversy social groups undertaken force organization society economy
war civil war americans acquired strong material basis national unity capitalists engineers laborers built canals eventually railroads link coastal cities interior east west north south telegraph lines connected parts country merchants widened scope activities business conducted scale nearly nationwide continued growth industry workers began show signs consciousness members distinct class common interests transcending separate localities benefiting developments transportation communication manufacturing able raise living standards steadily increasing numbers despite growth national marketplace sectionalism rivalry part country intensified colonial times areas england middle colonies south developed characteristics set distinct sections country grew independence composition sections changed sectional feelings intensified sections distinguished northeast northwest south process reduced north south section economic activity predominated laying basis enhanced sectionalism northeast industry overseas commerce prevailed northwest small farmers south small farmers numerous group yielded large planters exercised controlling influence section slavery persisted expanding slavery provided striking difference south northeast slavery disappeared south northwest northwest ordinance prohibited beginning
ulrich phillips american negro slavery accepted standard authority subject phillips assumed typical plantation slave lazy childlike irresponsible contented submissive race phillips believed american slaves african cultural inheritance eventually strong dissenters appeared myth negro past anthropologist melville herskovits emphasized number africanisms survived slavery times american negro slave revolts historian albert aptheker claimed discovered approximately hundred fifty revolts conspiracies history american negro slavery concluded discontent rebelliousness characteristic american negro slaves peculiar institution kenneth stampp viewed black slaves ordinary human beings reacted slavery variety ways white circumstances stanley elkins provoked controversy slavery problem american institutional intellectual elkins agreed phillips typical slave sambo personality accounted terms psychological shock enslavement enforced adjustment absolute power hands master process slaves lost tribal cultural identity helped maintain personal independence historians issue elkins pointing aspects slave culture provided slaves sense independence john blassingame slave community found american born slaves able retain ancestors culture largely slave family enabled members cooperate blacks maintain esteem eugene genovese roll jordan roll slaves emphasized development slaves religion organizing center resistance accommodation
whigs found divided frustrated despite overwhelming victory log cabin campaign brought office appealing ticket tippecanoe tyler tippecanoe william henry harrison chance demonstrate sort president health sixty strain campaign inauguration pressing demands office seeking supporters apparently contracted cold turned pneumonia died april exactly month inaugurated president die office presidential tenure looked advice accepted leaders party clay webster webster secretary clay friends cabinet clay webster expected guide soldier poltical jungle vice president john tyler contended merely officer acting immediately assumed title powers presidency harrison cabinet member aristocratic virginia family tyler left democratic party protest jackson overly equalitarian program imperious methods clay apparently impression president support national bank whig projects tyler soon broke clay part clay program enacted causing division party unanimity whigs passed measure tyler signed abolishing independent treasury system agreed bill tariff raised rates approximately level tyler accepted bill show enthusiasm
vice president johnson succeeded presidency compromise president republican congress difficult jacksonian democrat jackson home johnson risen poverty property ownership including farm slaves political career led tennessee legislature senate support union vice presidency johnson opposed republican policy national government foster economic development believing policy foster dangerous monopolies hated called bloated corrupt aristocracy northeast johnson despised blacks accept legal freedom wanted maintain white supremacy systematic denial rights blacks opposed economic racial plans republicans johnson want republican party prevail north south johnson interest reconstruction extended punishing elite slaveholders class resented despite differences president johnson republican congress avoided deadlock north democrats conservative republicans racial policies republicans congress favored moderate approach reconstruction outlined wade davis bill south confederates accepting defeat total war prepared submit reconstruction punitive johnson proved politically inept difficulties consulting cooperating congress produced erratic policy encouraged punished confederates alternating policy intensified southern resistance federal power turn stimulated republican retaliation kind compromise peace close hand coming
reflecting division public opinion contemporary writings late nineteenth century business leaders flattering denunciatory muckraking early twentieth century denunciation predominate ida tarbell history standard oil company presented john rockefeller predatory character drove smaller oil entrepreneurs business unscrupulous means gustavus myers history american fortunes undertook show business leaders amassed wealth crushing competitors corrupting politicians practicing fashioned american virtues honesty thrift hard treatment business leaders favorable prosperous rise american civilization charles mary beard captains industry contributed industrial development remarkable powers organization depression pioneers big business fell disrepute matthew josephson gave historians accepted popular book robber barons josephson compared feudal lords rich preying legitimate commerce allan nevins challenged josephson view john rockefeller heroic age american enterprise originally published republished revisions elaborations nevins depicted rockefeller industrial statesman brought order efficiency oil business nevins interpretation reflected changed attitude war ii cold war americans industrial greatness united states successful effort save totalitarianism historians harvard business school writing business history moral judgments
americans especially urban middle professional classes found leisure command incomes sufficient gratify demands pleasure workers free sought satisfactory forms recreation late nineteenth century marked expansion specialization urban entertainment industries circus vaudeville burlesque popular theater legitimate stage evolved distinct forms saloons beer gardens houses prostitution dance halls billiard parlors flourished rapid transit companies conjunction suburban amusement parks provided opportunities weekend outings americans larger cities enjoy stage plays vaudeville skits booked york city national syndicate americans found entertainment newly developed motion picture film telling continuous story melodrama train robbery produced lengthy impressive feature film arrived birth nation significant marking coming age art form deplorable glorification ku klux klan popularity revealed racial prejudice abounded sections country motion pictures multimillion dollar industry moving large impressive theaters dramatic rise organized spectator sports horse racing prize fighting baseball sports business popular organized sports baseball early word baseball appeared england applied primitive ball stick game united states baseball acquired modern form
wilson opponents senate varied motives fourteen irreconcilables conscience middle western western progressive tradition republicans borah idaho johnson california la wisconsin democrat james reed missouri acted deep conviction nation served staying league opponents concerned constructing winning issue republicans election senator lodge applying brilliant intellect loathing wilson ready chairman senate foreign relations committee tactic obstruct delay defeat treaty public sentiment favor ratification lodge needed marshall forces spent weeks reached committee reading aloud word nearly pages held weeks public hearings airing complaints disgruntled minority strongest objection opponents article league covenant collective security section designed prevent aggression provided league council unlikely event agree impose economic sanctions aggressor nation council recommend member nations military action aggressor senators provision involve united states countless wars wilson told accept modification article reservations wished obtain ratification replied appeal country wilson end physical resources stern warnings physician undertook cross country speaking tour writing speeches delivering night night
increasingly dealers turned attention measures remedy conditions felt helped bring depression indignation burned especially hot private power interests felt gulled investors overcharged consumers reaching deal reform measures creation tennessee valley authority tva twenties millions progressive americans parties shared dream senator george norris nebraska government develop nation water resources provide cheap electric power millions accepted educational program utilities companies spent combating idea national power program battle centered dam started muscle shoals tennessee river finished provide nitrates war coolidge conservatives wished sell henry ford private development norris cohorts congress blocked norris wished muscle shoals center developing resources area bringing abundance millions living poverty bill vetoed coolidge hoover approved roosevelt basically tva aimed prevent devastaing floods frequently rolled rivers area provide cheap plentiful electricity yardstick measurement private rates project experiment regional planning rehabilitaton person board directors wide powers tva twenty improved existing dams constructed twenty stopped floods largest heavy rainfall region nation holding water provided inland waterway system foot channel miles soon heavy traffic
end war ii number critics charged roosevelt administration deliberately brought united states war provoking japanese attack pearl harbor charles beard president roosevelt coming war claimed american government refused compromise japan allow buy raw materials needed japan military adventure china japan choice strike southwest pacific supplies force decoded japanese radio messages roosevelt advisers known late november japan begin hostilities war secretary henry stimson recorded diary roosevelt cabinet meeting brought event likely attacked japanese notorious making attack warning stimson added significantly question maneuver position firing shot roosevelt munich pearl harbor basil rauch undertook refute beard argument rauch conceded administration mind maneuver sorts question explained president ask congress declaration war prior japanese attack philippines guam order avoid giving japan advantage surprise attack wait japan attacked american territory maneuver japan firing shot disagreeing beard rauch current contended secretary stimson study statecraft roosevelt advisers intended provoke attack pearl harbor await guam philippines
reagan administration militant el salvador repressive military regime engaged hideously murderous struggle revolutionaries pawns according reagan administration cuba soviet union administration provided military economic assistance conservative ruling group el salvador assertion support necessry block advance soviet interests central america nicaragua reagan administration provided covert support contras guerrillas based sanctuaries neighboring honduras fighting overthrow leftist sandinista government nicaragua administration dismissed initiatives fidel castro possibly aimed reconciliation united states reagan government rejected suggestions mexico colombia venezuela panama negotiated settlement el salvador nicaragua congress supported increasing aid el salvador began criticize intervention nicaragua july house voted end covert aid nicaragua criticism mounted united states helicopter pilot killed shot mission nicaragua discovered cia sponsored mining nicaraguan ports april congress condemned mining june voted deny additional covert aid contras cia reagan administration resorted direct military intervention october force nearly marines army rangers island grenada depose hard line marxist regime control small nation week suffering high rate casualties days intense fighting american forces overcame grenadian militia cubans construction workers evacuated hundreds united states citizens largely medical students studying grenada
prehistoric settlers largely wandering hunters native americans eventually established farmers agriculture increased nomadic character early population groups gradually gave sedentary styles tribes established permanent agricultural settlements forged ties developed large highly sophisticated civilizations elaborate civilizations grew south central america mexico peru incas created powerful empire million developed complex political system vast network paved roads managed weld populations tribes single ruler yucatan peninsula mexico central america mayas built sophisticated culture written language numerical system similar arabic superior roman accurate calendar advanced agricultural system succeeded dominant power mexico aztecs nomadic warrior tribe north late thirteenth century aztecs established precarious rule central southern mexico developed elaborate administraive structure successful educational system form medical care including hospitals nurses comparable advanced europe aztecs practiced human sacrifice unprecedented scale spanish conquerors discovered skulls victims location arrived reasons europeans considered aztecs savages despite impressive accomplishments peoples america lacked basic technologies contributed growth asian european cultures incas developed equivalent paper system writing
unlike fields scholarship history exact science establish certainty basic facts history united states declared independence north won civil war atomic bomb detonated wide disagreement remains remain significance facts ways viewing historical event historians viewing reading history important ask facts author presenting choosing interpreting facts historians disagree reasons backgrounds bring attitudes exploration issues black historian look american revolution terms significance members race draw conclusions differ white historian southerner view reconstruction terms northerner social religious racial ethnic sexual differences historians contribute shaping distinctive points view historians disagree result methods explore subjects scholar choose examine slavery psychological techniques reach conclusions employing quantitative methods making computer history unusually integrative discipline employs methods ideas fields knowledge ranging science humanities economics literary criticism historian enormous range techniques produce distinctive results
treaty england found truly peace fifty undistracted war british government turn attention organization empire difficult experiences previous decade english leaders convinced question imperial organization longer fact virtually choice policymakers wished revert colonial system half hearted enforcement mercantilist program found virtually impossible saddled enormous debts fighting england desperately need revenues empire responsible vast lands imperial government avoid expanding involvement colonies experience french indian war suggested increased involvement easy establish colonists proved resistant british control pitt forced relax policies colonial assemblies continued respond british needs slowly grudgingly unwilling taxed parliament support war effort colonists generally reluctant tax defiance imperial trade regulations british demands continued increased war problems managing empire compounded basic shift britain imperial design past english viewed colonial empire primarily terms trade opposed acquisition territory sake mid eighteenth century growing number english american leaders including william pitt benjamin franklin beginning argue land empire population support taxes produce sense imperial splendor confer
privately thomas jefferson considered victory john adams later termed revolution real publicly restrained conciliatory attempting minimize differences parties calm passions bitter campaign aroused republicans federalists inaugural address office prove words correct complete repudiation federalist policies true revolution times jefferson outdo federalists notably overseeing remarkable expansion territory united states respects jefferson presidency represent fundamental change direction federal government administration oversaw drastic reduction powers national institutions forestalled development powers areas federalists certainly attempted expand executive legislative branch government willing able exercise decisive authority areas national end jeffersonian era courts continued trying assert federal power ways federalists envisioned relative unimportance federal government era jefferson symbolized character newly founded national capital city washington john adams moved seat government administration envisioned raw uncompleted town soon emerge majestic city focus growing nationalism federalists promoting
era feelings dream founders republic nation free party strife realized federalist party offered presidential candidate soon ceased exist national political force presidential politics conducted wholly republican party considered party organization representing population policies federal government war nationalizing policies continued spark opposition criticism remained contained existing party structure late partisan divisions emerging respects division mirrored schism produced party system republicans ways resemble early federalist regimes promotion economic growth centralization opposition opposition stood opposed federal government expanding role economy crucial difference beginning century opponents centralization opponents economic growth controversy involved nation continue expand presidential candidates nominated caucuses members parties congress federalists declined oppose candidacy monroe ran unopposed republican nominee necessity caucus nomination caucus system prevailed nominee republicans congress run unopposed prevail
andrew jackson powerful political figures nineteenth century symbol political philosophy social spirit gaining strength america historians interest jackson set social political ideas represent disagreed markedly social ideological movement known jacksonian democracy issues historians differ views jackson reflected political climate late nineteenth century historical profession dominated aristocratic easterners whiggish political views studies jackson largely hostile conservative biographers james parton andrew jackson denounced jacksonians barbarians turned government rabble embracing spoils system historians argued jackson paved rampant corruption government later destroying bank united states struck heavy blow american financial stability early twentieth century writing history historical view jacksonians begun experience important transformation influence frederick jackson turner historians began emphasize role west american frontier healthy democratic influence nation turner disciples westerners southerners rejected view whiggish historians jacksonians ill bred rabble argued democrats jackson freedom loving frontiersmen west challenging conservative aristocracy east attempting restrict opportunity
debate civil war began war senator william seward york took note competing explanations sectional tensions inflaming nation side claimed stood believed sectional hostility accidental unnecessary interested fanatical agitators opposing stood believed irrepressible conflict opposing enduring forces realize seward drawing outlines debate survive historians century irrepressible conflict argument dominate historical discussion decades fighting histories civil war generally reflected views northerners participated conflict war appeared stark moral conflict south clearly blame conflict arose inevitably result threatening immorality slave society henry wilson history rise fall slave power title suggests vivid version moral interpretation war argued northerners fought preserve union system free labor aggressive designs slave power temperate interpretation reached generally conclusions emerged histories war began preeminent volume history united states compromise james ford rhodes wilson rhodes identified slavery central virtually war
international domestic matters wide breach soon developed president grant number prominent republicans famous radical charles sumner sumner extravagant demand damages britain embarrassed secretary fish sumner blocked treaty annexation santo domingo dominican republic project grant took deep monomaniacal personal interest angry president revenge inducing senate friends remove sumner chairmanship committee foreign relations principal political controversies spoils system presidential appointments grant blatantly predecessors reward party machine politicians sumner republican leaders joined reformers agitate civil service system limit president appointive powers scholarly journalists godkin nation george william curtis harper weekly argued government base appointments services party fitness office determined competitive examinations british government grant reluctantly agreed establish civil service commission congress authorized devise system hiring based merit agency direction curtis proposed set rules meet grant approval grant interested reform persuaded followers accept system undermine basis party loyalty patronage congress declined renew commission appropriation commission disbanded controversy civil service reform remained leading political issues decades american
arrival miners empire building cattle ranchers dispersal indian tribes served prelude decisive phase white settlement west civil war farmers begun moving plains region challenging dominance ranchers indians occasionally coming conflict trickle deluge farmers poured plains enclosed land hunting territory indians grazing territory cattle established agricultural region late early western farmers flourished enjoying fruits agricultural economic boom comparable ways booms eastern industry periodically enjoyed beginning mid boom turned bust american agriculture west older middle west south producing farmers suffering declining prices goods economically psychologically agricultural economy began steady decline absolute terms relation rest nation tried improve lot moving west found frontier longer provided farmers drifted plains region stages development rush settlement late course decade relentless advance farming frontier gradually convert plains country agricultural economy factors combined produce surge western settlement
issue twentieth century american historiography inspired disagreement confusion nature progressivism historians general accord nature progressive movement generally agreed movement curb power special interests protest aroused citizenry corruption excessive power urban bosses corporate moguls tame elected officials progressive reform scholars argued effort restore power revive political economic social democracy early interpretation emerged challenge traditional view retained earlier view progressivism largely political movement offered explanation progressives trying george mowry california progressive reform movement protest mass effort small privileged group business professional limit overbearing power large corporations labor unions viewing natural social leaders resented loss political power economic forces envisioned reform restore economic fortunes social importance esteem richard hofstadter expanded idea age reform progressives country suffering status anxiety influential upper middle class families seeking restore fading prestige challenging powerful institutions begun displace populists hofstadter suggested progressives suffering psychological economic discontent
president wilson held congress session sweltering summer begin major reform american banking system monopoly country declared money monopoly exists variety freedom individual energy development question progressives disagreed wide differences opinion attack problem legislators representative carter glass virginia wanted decentralize control banking system limit power wall street financiers leave ultimate authority bankers hatred money trust intense william jennings bryan fellow agrarians wanted firm government control consultation louis brandeis wilson accepted plan divided power system government substantial control national level bankers retain control local level bryan mediating wilson brandishing presidential weapon arsenal banking reform bill passed houses congress signed president december important piece domestic legislation wilson administration federal reserve act created twelve regional banks owned controlled individual banks district regional federal reserve banks hold percentage assets member banks reserve reserves support loans private banks interest discount rate federal reserve system set issue type paper currency federal reserve notes nation basic medium trade backed government
increasing importance education changing nature adolescence underscored important american society gradual disappearance reality degree ideal belief person simply hard innate talent achieve wealth renown largely myth basis reality remain convincing myth generations difficult believe longer success education training manager business wrote century magazine nearing end road escape relentless pursuit forces eliminated lawyers doctors admirals doom century difficult development americans accept suggested individuals longer entirely control destinies person future depended large part factors limited control decade americans greeted marked ambivalence mixed feelings reflected identity widely admired heroes era thomas edison inventor electric light bulb technological marvels henry ford creator assembly line founders automobile industry charles lindbergh aviator solo flight atlantic ocean received adulation american public lindbergh national hero country seen
saw emergence powerful liberation movements racial ethnic minority groups emergence black awareness black political power course obvious manifestation spirit groups engaged search liberation minorities deeper justifiable grievances prevailing culture american indians native americans began call indians lived unalleviated poverty wards federal government subjected series fluctuating brutal policies indian population grown faster rest nation nearly doubling total indians established prosperous healthy stable group society annual family income indians blacks native american unemployment rate ten times national rate joblessness high reservations nearly half indians lived industries sources employment existed indians left reservations cities found limited opportunities received inadequate education training qualified menial jobs expectancy indians twenty lower national average suicides indian youths times frequent white youths black americans attracted attention ill whites indians remained totally kennedy administration attempted restore government support tribal autonomy policy maintained succeeding administrations indian grievances grievances minorities soon receiving open expession
jimmy carter frequent campaign promises pledge build basis american foreign policy defense human rights replace pursuit selfish interests cornerstone america role rhetorically carter maintained commitment months office speaking sharply violations human rights countries including prominently soviet union establishing office human rights department general commitment establishing tone american foreign policy carter administration focused areas concern areas essentially focus kissinger era efforts behalf specific goals began conflict numerous points emphasis human rights president retreated concern rights issue carter major diplomatic accomplishment completion negotiations pair treaties turn control panama canal government panama exchange panamanian agreement maintain neutrality canal united states gradually hand canal zone administered theodore roosevelt bold maneuvers beginning century panama domestic opposition treaties intense especially conservatives viewed arrangements part general american retreat international power supporters argued control canal united states source deep resentment central america relinquishing improve relations region avoid possibility violence acrimonious debate senate ratified treaties vote vote thirds
left disappear end war vietnam faded rapidly important influence american political students fought battles grew left school entered conventional careers radical leaders disillusioned unresponsiveness american society demands resignedly gave struggle chose system marxist critiques continued flourish academic circles public dated irrelevant left sorts survive giving evidence process greatly nation political climate changed promoting radical change activists fought preservation restraint symbolized concerns changing left commitment protection environment activists rallied protest racism poverty war counterparts fought save wilderness protect endangered species limit reckless economic development mobilized confront danger nuclear power ultimately nuclear war spread atomic power plants aroused controversy mid organized militant antinuclear movement emerged region country oppose plant construction warn dangers existing facilities frightening accident nuclear power plant mile island pennsylvania expose deficiencies safety mechanisms government private industry assured public place result intensification antinuclear activity
branch written history ancient egypt ancient china medieval europe modern america record shows family vehicle women entered family born trained place society adults begin cycle children significant measure antiquity fundamental nature family anthropological studies cultures removed character called civilized societies turned virtually lacked family meant family set essential elements omnipresence family renders invisible truly immersed family rarely define describe purposes family consist elements family begins ritual woman ceremony call marriage implies duration permanence relationship partners duties rights parenthood socially recognized defined family human socialized ways prepare children adulthood sure recent origin orphanage kibbutz commune society organized element husband wife children live common place aspect needs universal
hallmarks emerging modern family early century sharply differentiated roles functions assigned social custom wife husband women activities increasingly confined care children nurturing husband physical maintenance home unusual refer women angels house moral guardians family responsible ethical spiritual character comfort tranquility home role acknowledged moral superiors husbands hand ideology proclaimed active home politics general fact involvement need women moral guidance supervisiion modern sociologists surveying popular literature published reported discussions advocating power morality involved female moral superiority women pervasive theme period sharp division roles husband wife contemporaries called spheres meant doctrine spheres separate spheres historians called ideology woman sphere cult true womanhood reflects judgment women position century restricted home declined earlier times eyes historians cult true womanhood combining piety domesticity submissiveness passivity controlled women narrowed options
decisions careers places residence dramatic context families decided move california hunt gold california wives took families case clear decision reversed wife married live reminded husband decided west family willing part god foot stool think insisted warned need return look dead husband postponed trip gold country able accompany instance rare extant divorce records california reveal number cases obtained divorces wives east refused west husbands decided seek fortunes gold country records left women accompany husbands overland trail california eagerly adventure part decision move true young woman mollie dorsey teens family moved nebraska felt liberated country saw embodying freedom restraint believe blessing girls
remark sedgewick offered explanation aspect american child rearing half century foreign visitors home write books travels united states commented undisciplined behavior american children permissiveness parents tocqueville praised independence early age european travelers deplored lack discipline survey forty foreign travelers accounts united states half century concluded permissiveness parents attracted foreigners attention aspect child rearing practices americans accounts children undisciplined catharine sedgewick explained foreigners arrived conclusion understand american parents trying children regime home sedgewick pointed orderly parents drill sergeants eyes fugelman prodigies deprived external aid restraint regulating machine shows superiority behavior individual parents fitted foreigners observations permissiveness goal training children control external constraints consistent foreigners called permissiveness true pursuit goals american parents rigid handling children exceptions rules permitted interest growth control internalization values harriet beecher stowe children bed supper dinner noticed child gliding quietly upstairs saucer full custard saved eliza
early pregnancies slave women largely explained nature slavery slave masters certainly interest encouraging offspring interest easily translated earlier known masters rewarded women dress notably fertile slave women incentive prove fertility bring rewards enhance reduce likelihood sold early marriage motherhood inhibited concern livelihood economics certainly free women personally responsible support offspring slave women count children supported masters assets despite incentives slave families large imagined expected stirling plantation louisiana median number children woman cent children plantation grew household siblings slightly half brothers sisters hope plantation south carolina numbers higher extraordinary century fertility general half women children demographer noted ratio children women slaves declined century points decline occurred face masters general interest slaves face rising price slaves suggests short slave parents acting independence masters interests
finally immigrant parents tended relate children respects native parents tell unfortunately immigrant children studied children general full adequate comparison skimpy evidence suggests treatment attitudes children immigrant native families similar education important thomas znaniecki reported polish families america expected children turn family earnings part payment cost rearing apparently expense children education byington pleased observe working class families homestead largely composed immigrants sacrifice children education early michael katz writing mid century hamilton ontario noted children immigrants left home age native children study newburyport massachusetts stephan thernstrom concluded irish fathers tended sacrifice children education favor accumulating property found high cent children school age laborers school recently study boston published thernstrom found irish sacrificing children education property accumulation fact boston cent immigrants school generation children immigrants born united states proportion cent slightly lower cent recorded children native born
intention summarize rise feminist ideology suggest implications rise history family history family interpreted masculine response changing cultural economic circumstances course denying role shaping sustaining family important centuries secondary women arguments book history family understood recognizing role women called extension individualism women awakening root history women changed relations children family altered end family congeries relationships parents children considering alterations merely responses exogenous forces need acknowledged flowing women perception difficult document women role women silent situation wish change truly difficult task explain women sense individualism emerged women subordination family general ancient story history growth individualism western thought conception human capability freedom extended women end century
historical demographers agreement century americans managed reduce size families doubt human history efforts limiting fertility virtually constant widespread efforts involved postponing marriage onset fertility women women fertile thirty average later woman sexual intercourse occurs fewer opportunities children result according definition birth control set chapter delay marriage designated form birth control contraception contraception defined deliberate interference process conception efforts birth control history contraceptives traced antiquity romans number substances vagina intercourse impede uniting sperm egg course knew function occlusive substance fact actual medical demonstration existence egg human female achieved virtually societies cultures matter primitive recognized connection injection semen male woman vagina subsequent birth child modern condom known antiquity expensive animal bladder circumstance desirable dulled sensation male presumably knowledge contraceptive techniques passed principally word mouth lost entirely middle ages
role married women taking initiative abortions surprising potential bearers children striking light expressed argument historians family limitation initiated husbands interested reducing costs child rearing certainly doctors assumed initiative women husbands true article harper magazine women pressed abortions children limited lives conservative commentators roman catholic critics abortion assumed women initiative blamed incipient women movement increase abortions doctor told receiving letter woman deliberately sought abort hearing minister speak abortion objected clergyman seeking restrict liberty defenses abortion extremely rare women write publicly understandingly abortion anonymously explained married women seek abortion answering dr horatio contention women avoid abortions sexual relations coincide infertile periods doctor advise anonymous woman wives choices independent subject teaching tends trouble begins save pointed control result child resort abortion physicians genuinely impressed fact women interest control fertility intense women easily dismissed ignorant immoral
regulation meant confinement prostitutes areas city famous red light districts periodic medical inspection prostitutes effort eliminate venereal disease medical profession concerned dangers disease threat public morality dr william conclusion study late physicians joined support regulation police thought suppression difficult futile joined thought prostitution fact eliminated immoral proponents regulations wanted condone encourage prostitution willingness regulate continue suppress condoning vice result women groups religious organizations important individuals mounted powerful campaign prevent regulation coming united states major european country including england practiced form regulation prostitution movement regulation proved strong successful american city tried st louis experiment lasted number american cities started move direction st louis antiregulators stopped tracks country regulation abandoned century britain significantly movement regulation led woman redoubtable josephine butler principal arguments suppression prostitution couched language smacked simple opposition sexual enjoyment sprang broader concerns
important participation women antislavery movement raising women consciousness women cent workers antislavery societies fact slavery movement included mass activity short women participation fraction fraction similarly woman movement century left untouched mass women married unmarried thousand women actively involved feminist suffrage preponderance women feminism actually scorned unnecessary wrong headed question explore chapter let look activities women religious benevolent attractive majority married women feminism antislavery key understanding activities appealed middle class married women century relation activity separate sphere women closer female activity moral domestic responsibilities women prescribed separate spheres likely activity condoned fairly readily accepted women society general church spawned benevolent activities women aroused hostile remarks resistance public speaking women slavery brought approbrium denials pulpits lecterns activities smacked masculine practices certainly unrelated domestic routines aura religious commitment christian benevolence surrounded antislavery movement supporters religion justification
story achievement woman suffrage shot paradoxes paradoxes suffrage century increasingly central feminist suffrage achieved observable effect position women listen advocates woman suffrage decade ratification nineteenth amendment thought millennium result women permitted vote sorts reforms social improvements instituted kinds evils war imperialism crime vice reduced eliminated course things happened fact detail later women ballot expected bring significant social economic political historians pointed women armed vote divided political preferences husbands fathers suffragists predicted women vote doubled electorate altering results william brave sought provide answer question feminism promise realized predicted answer century feminists concentrated suffrage means achieving women equality vote inadequate job equality women ultimately dependent place women occupied family nature relation husbands vote simply affect women role family
majority worn denials economic opportunity women removed substantially reduced equal opportunity laws consciousness raising part feminist groups civil rights act executive orders federal level discrimination legislation states court decisions levels government opened virtually jobs women indisputably legitimately sex related locker room attendant male clothes model feminist consciousness courts emphases legal equality opportunity sexes dismantled special protective legislation enacted behalf women forty century battle militants alice paul national women party social feminists suffragists resolved decisively favor militants contours revolution women level certainly achievement feminist goals increasing number women gaining economic independence flood force barriers jobs beaten laws feminist persistence sexist attitudes successfully resisted reversed remains sure wage differentials persist economic basis feminist future laid reason raising question recognition heart revolution women lie anomalies worth examining cliche demography social statistics married women participation force inversely related income
large proportion women pursue individuality modern women movement counsels mean internal relationships family changing thesis book modern family emergence beginning century changing seen influence women push autonomy individuality fact centuries family frequently aroused alarm comment late century source anxiety fall birth rate native white middle class compared immigrants opening century upsurge divorce sparked spirited national debate imminent demise family sociologists fretted fact family longer economic function presumably pre industrial days family produce thread cloth soap medicine food sociologist william ogburn defensively wrote produce happiness despair future family spawned mass lugubrious studies president carnegie corporation asked introduction study family happened happening american family viable early radical psychologists laing david cooper proudly planned death family cooper phrased book title traced wrong children society allegedly oppressive character nuclear overly protective bourgeois family industrial societies
conclusion based half evidence speak family unlike women movement reflect modern values embody values inhere social movements nationalism ethnicity racial allegiance religions movements extol hierarchy scorn equality meritocracy family short traditional movements individualistic institution fact denial individualism source family strong attraction women today centuries known alternative individualism competitiveness egoism infuse modern industrial urban family strongest appeal individualism spread country country wake commercial industrial capitalism ideal family truly haven heartless title christopher recent book utopian visions centuries marxism familiar hippies yesterday family model human order face individualistic market economy family epitome true humanity interrelatedness slogan communism according abilities according needs antithesis market economy conception human relations central principle family short evidence americans consider family central institution lives values stood suggest endure simply family deeply imbedded american unlikely fade tension individual interests women inevitable
british society british politics discussed terms homogeniety integration authors spoken lack significant social cleavages social class presence uniform set political social values consensus exist nature political system general policies government impression commonly homogeniety stability boring locale study politics reality social political systems united kingdom substantially diverse frequently portrayed factors divide americans politically divide citizens united kingdom diversity setting british politics number seemingly contradictory elements management government balancing act thought glance fact genius british politics maintaining stable political system centuries fortune operating homogeneous society development set institutions values customs allow pragmatic acceptance diversity accommodation gradual change chapter explore contradictory elements environment british politics relationship functioning political system fundamental point diversity british politics united kingdom single country composed nations begin let introduce nomenclature real political importance proper country referred britain united kingdom britain northern ireland britain turn composed england wales scotland countries constituent parts united kingdom albeit unequal partners terms population economic production
number political systems practice parliamentary government practices differently features parliamentary government practiced united kingdom understood going description major institutions principle government opposition bipartisanship place form parliamentary government job opposition oppose government opposition agree basic tenets government policy job present constructive alternatives policy assumed adversarial process policies emerge voters country alternative conceptions government choose election british parliamentary government party government certainly barriers effective implementation party government idea political parties major instrument governing pervades system parliament conceived degree institution place political parties clash parties expected responsible stand policies programs attempt carry programs elected finally british parliamentary government sovereign strictly speaking legal limitations powers parliament means citizen challenge act parliament unconstitutional course real political limitations activities parliament actions law considerations mind let proceed description discussion major institutions british national government monarch prime minister cabinet government courts civil service
domination policy process british civil servants mandarins known mysteries british government surface face british civil service unprepared perform expert role performs policy making recruitment civil servants basis expert knowledge substantive policy area basis general intellectual abilities large proportion careers civil servants moved job job department department gaining permanent appointment late careers cult talented amateur generalist dominates thinking selection training civil servants despite attempts reform fulton commission expressed concern expertise selection civil servants civil servants expert policy areas administer influence policy commentators participants policy making factors related influence lack formal training policy area senior civil service talented group individuals intellectual ability grasp readily subject matter administer despite relative lack specialized training compared civil servants countries compared political masters british civil servants generally knowledgeable relevant subject matter departmental policy finally civil servants longer perspective politicians able wait delay minister disagree relationship civil servants political masters important defining understanding role civil service policy making
say certainty government ran britain need institution influential problem democratic governance voters united kingdom polls choices party wish govern period parliament members party elected nominally power govern emphasizing cabinet partisan institutions government civil service government increasingly important policy making means voting choices millions citizens negated policy making process problem democratic political systems citizens believe institutions government longer responsive wishes bureaucratic technocratic democratic alienation apparently evident britain industrialized countries important threat legitimacy system government continue united kingdom indications question answered affirmative referendum scottish welsh devolution certainly substantial support independent scotland wales support overwhelming country sympathy devolution substantial current constitutional arrangements demand accommodation standing cultural social economic interests nation unlikely disappear
republic constitution drawn weeks de invested prime minister fourth republic constitution adopted percent affirmative vote popular referendum september tailor de features found previous french republics president prime minister parliament composed chambers national assembly senate institutional relationships rearranged reflect political ideas famous general advisers articulated ideology gaullism de advisers foremost michel debre principal draftsman constitution republic prime minister wanted strong government capable making decisions conducting assertive foreign policy worry excessive parliamentary interference premature ouster president clearly central feature republic system elected independently parliament constitution originally provided election electoral college composed national regional local legislators approval referendum constitutional amendment presidents elected popular vote terms president invested nearly monarchical powers expanded interpretation incumbents office charles de georges pompidou valery giscard according constitution president appoints prime minister supposedly selects rest cabinet de pompidou took interest appointments giscard decided composition entire cabinet personal basis
component administrative system difficult categorize importance nationalized sector france percent economy government hands mass transport gas electricity nuclear energy postal service civil aviation manufacture cigarettes matches broadcasting fuel distribution large proportion insurance banking automobile manufacturing sectors reasons nationalization need detain influence socialist ideology limits private capital market monopolistic nature enterprises suffice say involvement management economic matters resulted special administrative approaches recruitment classification political control positions responsibility nationalized enterprises individuals coopted private sector handed political plums politicians proved loyalty president complexity management problems nationalized enterprises difficult subject parliamentary surveillance existence weapon hands government interested term economic planning influencing behavior private economic sector production pricing policies institutions played significant role watchdog administrative activities council conseil originally created napoleon resolving intrabureaucratic disputes gradually assumed additional functions advises government language draft bills passes legality decrees regulations issuing executives important acts court appeal suits brought citizens administration suits involving charges bureaucratic arbitrariness illegalities abuse power initiated department prefectoral administrative tribunals
challenges economic nature prime minister barre government decided react petroleum crisis pronged fashion emphasis nuclear energy adoption neo liberalism neo liberal orientation reflected series policy initiatives known barre plans combined austerity emphasis free market order france competitive internationally encourage force industries adopt modern productivity oriented methods government began abolish price controls reduced subsidies nationalized sector accounting percent economy excessively large comparison capitalist countries forced nationalized industries efficient financing raising charges consumers government helped selected large private industries means credit tax advantages expense smaller labor intensive firms government appeared unwilling unable resolve problem growing unemployment resulted market oriented policies persistent problem income inequality greater france industrial democracies true giscard regime maintained remarkable complex redistributive policies inaugurated previous governments especially fourth republic included income supplements families children low moderate rent housing construction subsidized higher education compared united states generous retirement unemployment medical benefits paid vacations financed large part employers system semiautomatic wage increases pegged cost living index continued workers belonging lowest income category saw slight increase purchasing power government continued policy participation workers industry encouragement stock purchasing
west germany comprises half pre war ii territory german reich remaining half part communist east germany german democratic republic poland soviet union total area square miles federal republic large oregon population million makes west germany europe largest densely populated states population grown influx million refugees expellees germany eastern territories east germany migration foreign workers began late reached high point million workers recent federal republic europe lowest birthrates deaths outnumbered births late growth population republic experienced due foreign workers higher birthrates foreign workers families constitute percent population percent live births recent foreigners present trends continue number workers increase federal republic population predicted fall million effects war ii noticeable age sex distribution population low wartime birthrate casualty losses left age groups underrepresented population relative groups war women majority percent percent ages females
bundesrat represents interests states national policy making process composed forty members drawn ten governments depending population entitled members bundesrat sessions attended delegates governments actual formal members cabinet ministers governments history bundesrat concentrated administrative aspects policy making rarely initiated legislative proposals states implement national legislation bundesrat tended examine proposed programs standpoint administered level bundesrat institution partisan political spotlight recent changed christian democrats opposition party bundestag result series election victories secured majority bundesrat delegates frequency bundesrat objections government legislation increased point spd fdp coalition leaders accused extended arm parliamentary opposition suggested cdu csu seeking obstruct government electoral majority turning majority upper chamber politicized counter government bundesrat blocked forced compromises government issues divorce law reform speed limits autobahns higher education reform tax policy controversial radicals public employment law treaty poland genuine chamber bundesrat delegations controlled leaders willing accept direction opposition party national leadership lower house happened issues
process implementing national legislation takes place largely administrative structures land governments national government dependent cases states legislation intended effect glance system allow ten states especially governed parties power bonn sabotage undermine national legislation oppose ideological partisan political grounds practice place german federalism number unifying centralizing characteristics makes implementation phase function remarkably discussed governments bureaucracies extensive input national level legislative process membership bundesrat aware legislation entail terms administrative machinery resources laws rules procedures bureaucracies unified unlike american federalism constituent states laws divorces bankruptcy criminal offenses rules civil service operates states national government constitution basic law requires unity living standards republic practice meant richer states north rhine hamburg pay grants tax transfers bring poorer states level government services standards expenditures poorer states public works welfare drastically prosperous laender differences resources expenditures system tax redistribution revenue sharing differences states exist policy areas laender sole major responsibilities mainly education especially primary secondary internal security policy law enforcement
soviet union largest country square miles nearly half times large united states forty times size france covers seventh land surface baltic sea west bering straits pacific ussr stretches miles train moscow vladivostok weeks crossing eleven zones arctic circle north afghan border south country covers nearly miles extends frozen wastes ground defrosts inches surface semitropical crimea overlooked entire soviet union north minneapolis minnesota large parts country climatically inhospitable unhealthy terribly cold short growing seasons facts place heavy burdens country agricultural potential geographically important factor political implications russia absence physical barriers soviet rivers shallow mountains low southern borders easy invaders move country grassy plains steppes invaders century thousand scythians goths visigoths huns mongols swedes french germans intruders left variety heritages russia russian psyche attack hitler germany began invasion emphasized contemporary russia recent bloodiest successfully driven system power significant invasion
regime lenin established ways adaptation predecessor lenin replaced tsar bolsheviks replaced court circles surrounded tsars commissariats replaced ministries bureaucrats initially serving bolsheviks lenin joseph vissarionovich stalin georgian succeeded lenin died system gradually began assume institutional form bears today revolution lenin sought achieved supposedly carried sake according marx power revolution hands lenin trust aristocratic predecessors lenin masses lazy slothful goaded action controlled act lenin bolsheviks considered interests professed marxist admit faith masses needed institutions display primary role masses provide mass participation give appearance mass control institutions preserve power leadership primary popular institution devised accomplish legitimizing system soviet million soviet citizens elected soviets operated level ussr age eighteen expected participate elections soviets exception percent population voted elections supreme soviets republics voted list presented voted
gaetano mosca italian scholar wrote ruling class societies primitive advanced classes rules ruled character political system largely determined size origin complexity ruling class legitimacy rule power exercises ruled earlier times ruler derived political power military prowess enabled conquer opponents large landed estate chief source economic wealth ability convince divinely ordained leadership age absolutism kingship hereditary descent noble family provided sufficient legitimation membership political elite ideal advanced political system today political leadership based modern democratic criteria nonhereditary competitive legitimated popular choice endorsement subject controls periodic replacement countries studied book conform extent modern democratic model elites complex recruited enlarged pool aspirants selected basis criteria wealth family knowledge responsiveness masses party affiliation countries elite chosen institutionalized predictable fashion country single figure represents national sovereignty political decisions focus national orientation masses countries exists functional division leadership distinction chief survival royal absolutism chief government
twentieth century war witnessed worldwide explosion revolutions proliferation turned scholars study revolutions concept revolution developed brings revolutions happens revolutionary leaders revolutions succeeded chapter touches significant conclusions reached researchers revolution violent political upheavals leading governmental personnel force politics political revolution contemporary sense eliminating existing elite root branch establishing system permanently affect nature relationships power part phenomenon past centuries french revolution theories revolution aimed restoring status quo ante counterrevolutionary implying things deteriorated restored acceptable theories revolution keeping attitude historical development prevailed human existence path history circular cyclical history things worse lasting qualitative improvement french expressions capture prevailing attitude humankind historical experience existence recent times deja vu seen ca change la meme chose things change spread ideas renaissance abroad spirit secular enlightenment reformation held saved efforts advent capitalism industrial revolution age invention concept began develop
governments spend money variety purposes ranging national defense industrial subsidies care handicapped expenditures important mobilize political coalition pass legislation able muster support spending program country priorities relative amount spending programs figures table designated function percentage total expenditure traditional functions government national defense countries degree engaged providing defense levels expenditure vary greatly united states soviet union spend defense absolute terms relative total expenditures united states antidefense shift post vietnam era dollar spent public sector spent defense higher defense spending european countries discussed arguably expenditures higher nato reliance united states significant amount defense united kingdom continues spend large share public expenditure defense part continuing obligations commonwealth remaining colonies income maintenance expenditures generally constitute largest single item expenditure budgets industrialized countries soviet union exception generalization actually income maintenance single item amalgam number programs designed spread total income country evenly citizens true activities government
united states britain political democracies sense decisions public policies popularly elected officials significant differences systems organized manner function nature differences clear proceed chapter note labels classify systems united states republic britain monarchy united states head popularly elected britain comes position heredity britain head real political power power exercised head government prime minister colleagues united states president head head government system generally referred presidential government suggesting president central dominant figure american system leadership initiatives management functions emanate president woodrow wilson titled doctoral dissertation congressional government arguing congress center american system later strong presidents century played major role changing branches relative power british system changed today generally referred cabinet government indicating cabinet dominant institution system earlier britain absolute monarchy subsequently parliament gained supremacy british system commonly designated parliamentary government term applicable differentiating system term explained cabinet confidence parliament house commons order stay office
american political behavior institutions large measure composite factors hopes fears customs tensions drives american initial population million constitution written number americans grown effects immigration natural increase million immigration nations lifeblood united states movement million europeans country century development unparalleled history america fabled melting pot early need labor abundance land supported national policy open doors immigrants disappearance land frontier coupled growing power organized labor recurrence economic depressions contributed eventual reversal policy exception american indians american today descendants immigrants brought retained varying degrees political economic social traditions respective native countries complicated mixture nationalities races religions outlooks reduced melting pot american mind concentrations sharing culture country irish italian spanish polish settlements constitute important political blocs parts united states american politics especially understood taking account race relations term include minorities american indians chinese japanese origin refers role blacks explosiveness racial issues rooted extensive taking place qualitatively quantitatively black population united states
today republican party natural successor earlier parties federalists jacksonian whigs party lincoln succeeded bringing coalition northern industrial financial groups midwestern farmers completely dominated national politics half century democratic party found difficult throw civil war image rebellion economic distress farmers laborers led members groups democratic fold provided basis modern democratic party democrats dominated congress forty republicans held presidency twenty parties today stand close middle road ideologically demarcation line republican democratic parties badly blurred party divided wings left northern southern unity found party lines congress party party discipline congress invariably strong matters personnel organization weak matters substantive policy major parties clearly differed issues periods history differences changed complete reversals place republican democratic flip flop fields states rights national power spite internal disagreements republicans democrats expected vote congress proposals government regulation business social legislation expenditures international economic voting reverse military aid british political parties traced groups parliament began calling whigs tories factions cliques loose groupings call political parties
regional differences sharper recent ways natural resources especially energy source discord ontario country population half manufacturing capacity complained price alberta oil oil selling considerably market price quebec determination weaken national government struck responsive chord western provinces combined financial surplus exceeds canada deficit billion eager share wealth impoverished province newfoundland pleased gain control offshore oil mineral deposits regarded promising canada parliamentary cabinet system government separation powers american sense judicial review britain executive power formally vested head governor general presumably representing british monarch actually nominee canadian government canadian powers governor general similar british monarch major opportunity discretionary political action occurring party majority legislature incumbent prime minister dies resigns real executive power exercised cabinet presided prime minister virtue leader majority party house commons power choose members cabinet prime minister seek include representatives provinces britain cabinet real policy maker collectively responsible house commons canada parliament house commons dominant body
surrender nation flight emperor republic hastily proclaimed constitution drafted quiet town weimar government established constitution preserved forms federalism essentially centralized system constitution provided parliamentary system delegated significant power popularly elected president appointed chancellor cabinet responsible reichstag lower house parliament reichstag elected nationwide system proportional representation political party getting seats proportion vote received system encouraged parties france party majority reichstag cabinets coalitions representing parties result cabinet instability frequent elections factors combined critical problems loss territory reparation payments inflation nation faced capped worldwide depression system endure circumstances brought collapse effective governments feeble german attempts democracy conditions germany worse strength radical parties increased began turning adolf hitler national socialist german workers nazi party communist strength increasing nazis communists polled half vote elections bring government standstill course collaborate govern nation january president von hindenburg called adolf hitler serve chancellor soon spelled end weimar republic
democracies political parties means translating popular action party system united states major parties invariably coalitions disparate groups forces interests collaborate major parties traditional pattern continent interests form separate parties result multiparty system collaboration compromise occurs taking place independent parties post war ii period germany moved farther france traditional european pattern countries retain multiparty systems french parties traditionally enter alliances electoral purposes factions making american party unite temporarily order nominate candidate presidency collaboration parties continued cabinet coalitions basis electoral alliances search mutually profitable arrangements classic distinction left overriding importance issues changed seen original issue left involved choice hereditary monarch republicanism twentieth century main constitutional issue relative power accorded parliament executive issues dividing left aid religious schools left opposed intervention economy opposed left favor colonial policy left decolonization generally nationalistic broad political orientations tend shift middle class liberals left respect republic status church schools matters social economic policy
germany entered post war ii period democratic tradition france entered democratic tradition ineffective unstable government common decade period fourth republic destroyed virtual military coup question depth breadth commitment democracy france germany lacked homogeneous democratic political culture mentioned start chapter despite similarities french system american system british german continental political systems common anglo american systems britain united states basically alike despite social institutional contrasts pointed previous chapter commitment fundamental democratic values key question quarter century moved continental systems establishing stable foundations possessed anglo american economic disaster destroyed germany weimar republic war ii economic miracle quickly brought prosperity germany observers unwilling praise country commitment democracy feared economic adversity turn germany antidemocratic behavior post war ii germany experienced economic problems severe weimar nonetheless quarter century cope variety economic problems managed weakening commitment democracy neo nazi party headway german states party able elect members bundestag
russia history divided distinct epochs set crises decisive turning points chief themes persist expansion russia large empire retention autocratic political systems century democratic constitutionalism uncertain breakthrough eclipsed soviet dictatorship history russian goes period chief city russia kiev era lasted ninth century conquest russia mongol hordes ushered period tartar rule continued reestablishment russian rule sixteenth century leadership princes moscow accompanied autocratic rule internal troubles ivan iv terrible dreaded ruled known ruthlessness real unifier russia post mongol period death country entered period strife troubles civil war palace intrigue threatened undo ivan election romanov tsar ended epoch rule romanovs end saw russia expand empire rise position power nations russia achievements romanov period rulers peter ruled overriding aim europeanize russia lifetime rulers tolerate promote democracy ruthless ruled autocratic methods weaker readily accept limitations power
reached age eighteen recruited party membership provided recommended party members standing known applicant professionally socially full membership granted applicant pass probationary period referred candidacy principal recruiting ground party membership young communist league komsomol member komsomol progressing organizations designed younger age groups promising youngsters numbering close million end komsomol elite organization chosen future members party readily appreciated youth organizations constitute careful screening process according communist theory party monolithic organization free factional quarrels practice communist movements beset conflicts democratic procedures resolving peacefully main resolved force recent selection top party leaders achieved form consensus politburo members initial regime believed intraparty democracy democratic centralism workable principle group calling democratic centralists attempted offer opposition course leninist central committee group workers opposition sought exercise voice party affairs groups silenced lenin party congress pass resolutions prohibiting activities contrary party line prohibition extending top party leaders disagreed lenin close collaborators
beginning china leaders admitted liberalization easily overcoming mistakes past period readjustment going longer expected requiring reimpositon controls liberalization apparently contributed increased spending leading abrupt increase inflation rate tolerated leaders asserting country begin live means hoped return increased central controls temporary certainly want nullify expectations liberalization created urban workers youth overcome paralyzing effects centralized bureaucracy remains seen recent agriculture high priority larger financial allocations investments irrigation mechanization important innovation breakup agricultural collectives peasants buy sell land buy equipment hire farm laborers plant want plots allotted limitation government imposes village quotas grain sold low prices peasant meet share quota buy high free market prices resell loss reports mid agricultural output increased percent preceding government officials announced plans shift percent agricultural workers manufacturing service industries development small towns noted approximately percent china population lives peasant areas
history japan political parties constitutional history true called parties political associations early meiji period promulgation constitution ineffectual albeit strident ideological personal followings revolving prominent disgruntled power oligarchs vying opportunity power viable parties party competition power began coming meiji constitution competition power exclusively conservative parties enjoyed financial political wherewithal leftist parties eventually emerged incipient democratization socialist peasant based populist communist intermittently suppressed lacked financial organizational bases popular support competition conservatives policy power represented essentially spectrum interests attitudes orientations regardless differences public rhetoric electoral posturing coming ultranationalist militarism parties effort maintain political autonomy institutional integrity capitulated increasing power intimidation potent coalition militarists minded higher bureaucrats merged umbrella national political association helped promote war aims consequence leaders parties purged politics government american occupation nation defeat subsequent introduction democracy prompted proliferation parties representing wide political spectrum timidly democratic conservative communist requirement majority parliamentary system eventually induced coalescences mid numerous parties unified conservative ldp single socialist party leaving communists periphery political arena
parliamentary democracy japan political system consists institutions procedures familiar westerners monarchy symbol national unity highest organ power diet parliament elected representing executive branch headed prime minister cabinet oversees professional civil service answerable diet judiciary presided supreme court independent power judicial review general contour structure japanese political system differs parliamentary system notable variations operation behavior components system reflect nation culture tradition prime minister elected diet members custom members powerful house representatives diet seats held parties prime minister leader majority party power appoint dismiss cabinet ministers provided majority members diet practice majority party minister heads ministry specialized agencies cabinet deputy prime minister prime minister party controls majority diet seats position decide significantly influence parliamentary agenda conduct appointments presiding officer house parliamentary committees variety ways japanese chief executive power appears extensive actual power prime minister circumscribed remember ldp leader selected stack ious rival factions formation cabinet affected ious paid patronage
building modern mexico revolution marks fundamental dividing line mexico society fragmented class ethnic regional lines single nation mexico series contained communities social structure consisted small upper sector identified closely hispanic values members prided spanish heritage larger society majority population mestizo indian gachupin hispanophile seen visible part generally disliked privileged minority complementing social ethnic diversity stronger regional ties upper lower sector individuals identified predominantly region origin individual states mexican federation divided local community context mexico amalgamation patrias chicas countries readily identified larger political unit known mexico revolution changed dramatically social ethnic regional differences continue exist larger sense national identity emerged real pride identifying mexicanness ther mejicanidad core concept linked sense nationhood perception mexico mestizo culture european indian fused distinct culture revolution mexico indian past generally looked elite groups post revolutionary mexicans distinct pride cultivating awareness nation indian past discovery consciousness creativity popular culture flowering arts painting especially murals dance music architecture literature
apparent mexico dominated single official party pri parties exist capacity challenge pri opposition party partido de accion nacional pan able defeat pri level permitted office pan party received strong support mexican private sector church related groups generally speaking pan campaigns platform arguing stronger role private sector mexican economy political corruption endemic pri periphery northern states southeast yucatan center agricultural region known bajio pan developed strongest support pan visible alternative party northern frontier especially nuevo leon industrial capital monterrey independent minded business elite emerged contrast yucatan peninsula pan draws support conservative social forces region impact revolution minimal bajio strengh pan resides appeal conservative catholic forces elements supported strongly cristero revolt mid vehemently opposed revolution anticlericalism opposition parties fall left pri small wing pdm draw support primarily left wing intellectuals social forces identifying radical side revolution marxist rhetoric argue pri give adequate representation mexican revolutionary ideals pri moved center
reliance greater dependency federal government mexico case united states coincidence political demarcations regional centers economic political power point existence set governmental relationships absence adequate term termed federal case economic political cores nuevo leon city monterrey jalisco city guadalajara examples economically poorer states regional ties identifications strong states guanajuato michoacan addition capitals networks medium size cities viable economic entities equally important states periphery oaxaca yucatan comparison executive centered political administrative institutions mexico legislatures courts significance formally speaking separate sets institutions federal levels peripheral character importance level pointed mexican congress bicameral legislatures unicameral preeminence executive centered institutions series administrative courts controlled arbitration commissions jurisdiction cases involve governmental action marginal role legislative institutions mexican political process governments steps increase representation opposition parties threatening system reform law demonstrate liberalization regime provisions permitting legal registration communist party members guaranteeing seats opposition chamber deputies
poor information leads unfounded fear fear developing nations combine forces europe japan north america deprive resources opinion chance happening speculating hope developing nations planet human race fighting losing battle rising population diminishing resources book challenges conclusion suggests room complacency argues fact greed mine responsible problems blame scapegoats overpopulation scarce resources energy crisis results greed actual shortage resources greed growing magnitude faster population produce scale leaves fat lean greed rechanneled directions effective resources cater needs human beings populate planet foreseeable future let explain developed tendency judge africa asia latin america standards appeared apply europe north america past century spread benefits according perspective modern modernization brings humankind greater capacity specialize tasks accumulate knowledge organize labor materials assess options achieve desired results increases capability individual women control destinies build interest groups parties communication networks express interests institutions laws public interest bodies administer enforce laws
palmer argues suspicion distrust clans families traditional societies intense note means resolving suspicion complex effective palmer sees traditional isolated integrated social unit palmer sees vulnerable theft note resources theft sees individuals groups placing point evidence concern community sees unwillingness play rules disagree sees status unrelated demonstration proficiency prove close relationship sees social elites making incompetent economic decisions making economic decisions notes colonialism brought health education chances personal income argue brought loss free land tenure considerably greater personal insecurity proceed support emphases data argumentation need decide theories hold water face professor palmer counter emphases begin examine hypotheses developing areas describe positive aspects interaction social political systems arrival europeans lived integrated communities communities guaranteeing nearly help maintaining stable personal environments guarantee resulted governance political decisions affecting stable personal environments individuals community limited custom close interaction fellow villagers political decisions characterized common sense intelligent reasonable terms creating stable personal environments necessarily terms goals modernizing
invasions reigns accompanied bloodshed radical devastation mongol invasion regions depopulated flight massacre afghans turned large numbers tribal families moved forcibly region bordering afghanistan especially seljuk turks onward invaders wanted booty siezed property land give rewards warriers administrators recognized code hammurabi writings islam prosperity depended peasantry overtaxation frequent especially twelfth century court retainers took expensive military campaigns strained treasuries combined drought brought famine poverty peasants beneath pillage governing villages able survive system administration changed repeatedly succeeding regimes preoccupied collecting taxes incas concern interfere internal affairs villages urge tax satisfied earliest times district tax collectors bailiffs oversaw taxation military conscription village level achaeminids replaced tribal leaders appointed provincial governors family permitted retain able fields serve military campaigns led landowners horseback villagers helped build maintain roads contributed labor services system continued alexander scythians power concentrated landowners provincial governors king retained tax collectors village level villagers landowners paid construction irrigation systems peasants helped maintain
britain east india company india established bay bengal end century settlements madras bombay military campaigns britain gained hegemony india british reforms largely begun end eighteenth century profound effect india land tenure system predecessors surface innocent intermediaries collecting land taxes hereditary moveable posts contractual rights lands collected revenue taxes money kind paid directly peasant idea collecting land tax money intermediaries originate british delhi empire began practice early fourteenth century muslim emperor ruled decided deviate longstanding practice collecting land revenue highest caste members village claimed deal directly peasant reform intended progressive began delhi administrative officers charge regions famine officers talukdars order digging wells give money seed peasants peasant turn expected contribute half harvest cash equivalent granaries allowing peasant retain system body officials zamindars set advance loans charge advancing loans collecting taxes villages
political systems composed kings ritual leaders disrupted introduction commerce replaced chapter addresses question impression political systems developing nations chaotic political systems replaced coalitions kings ritual leaders tightly woven systems composes coalitions thought mind european colonists took ritual leaders left partly true england largest colony india population million britain britishers country civil servants soldiers businessmen clergy clearly british needed number local collaborators run country understand political systems developing nations understand collaborators political systems developing nations center patron client relationships entrepreneurs client bureaucrats play major role individuals need job security traditional village eroded develop complex special relationships offer income exchange services loyalty turn develop special relationships economic political elites form chains individuals exchange economic assets political supports patron client networks displaced clans kingly courts authoritative allocators values monopoly force control commerce kings clans peripheral transformed hub networks analysts ignore networks fail understand developing nations behave
left patron village level provide fairly stable reciprocal obligations benefitting patron clients rubber planter kuching introduced pages decide default debts choice sell rubber shopkeeper street shopkeepers live hands attitude sao paulo buy rubber send planter debt original shopkeeper cash economy expands countryside permits local patrons buy land increase indebtedness clients gain power patrons ignore obligations peasants demand peasants turn look jobs patrons farther weakens kinship ties makes harder villagers demand patron perform obligations stay accept hegemony local patrons greater dependence peasant local patron easier patrons establish links bureaucrats politicians patrons village councils religious leaders bureaucrats politicians manner arrangement works perspective patrons bank manager approves loans landowners support party election bureaucrat offers government programs village councils access money influence purely economic contacts patrons freer ignore reciprocal obligations clients
government introduced minimum wage urban worker amounting outlawed strikes allowed inflation increase rapid rate minimum wage benefit industries concessions foreign concerns spread small artisans businesspeople business intellectuals driven university regular army receiving minimal pay put public works projects felt beneath station face nkrumah power rest chains clients built percent paid employees working organizations exceptional number persons top serving corporation heads newspaper editors heads groups trade union congress heads special indoctrination centers public employees ambassadors government thirty ministers enemies tribal chiefs found posts ccp functionaries received pay fringe benefits numerous avenues corruption gave top additional opportunities enrich nkrumah personal military guard paid groups society individuals chosen loyalty competence easily removed remained loyal poor job excess spending losses public enterprises losses trade deals soviet union problems drove economy disarray nkrumah trip peking military officers staged coup nkrumah personal coterie unable counteract regime formed
marx felt conditions righted reuniting worker means production alienation partly mind basic reasons problem individual unhappy job neighborhood education remove source personal tension changing attitude job changing working conditions induce change attitude employee picnics making workplace cheerful pay increases eliminate alienation basic marxian sense reduce impact individual bringing personal attitudes environment balance despite efforts individual values environment remain balance continue feel effects alienation alienation surroundings accurately measured venture assert amount alienation developing nations greater inhabitants northern asia europe north america highest traditional villages urban industrial white collar workers individuals developed personal attitudes let accept poor environments live alienation highest fringes traditional villagers urban workers actually economically traditional villager urban worker fringes susceptible disequilibriating influences rapid social economic change balance values environment easily disturbed problem endemic position avenues advancement
evident activities mentioned wife beating spectator sports constitute potentially cathartic activities function depends provisos mentioned berkowitz restrictions occurrence catharsis strengthen argument catharsis weaken proclivities frustrated join revolutionary movements transform generalized frustrations anger directed neighbor wife husband team stock market racial group whomever commit personal aggression individuals psychic energy dissipate energy builds tempted repeat action repeat angry pattern activity produce socially redeeming results solve fundamental problems contrary energy reserves stored projects inducing range societal benefit fact habitual aggression reduces control needed defer action politically propitious aggressor ends liking aggressee immaterial conclusion visit angkor wat cambodia met family peasants touring angkor annual holiday visit relatives invited stay village distance town remained week thatched house located small river slept raised platform floor judge small land holding class prosperous region spent uneventful
basic problem halpern rely middle class individuals admittedly alienated societies promote balance societies claim producing salvation industrialization kautsky admits deliver measured erratic doses feel societies apply industrialization form elaborate absorbed groups fails analyze nature coalition finds hope modernizers military industry excludes peasants workers setting successful industrialization simply comment postscript regimes unsuccessful industrialization seen merely formless chaotic ignoring regimes endured exclusive preoccupation middle class industrialization leads pessimism default promise clear results middle class industrialization left promise industrialization road political development industrialization halting political development halting question remains industrialization road political development halpern course concur kautsky preoccupation industrialization sees problem capacity absorb continuing transformation complex offers kautsky analysis middle class reliable purveyors capacity middle classes gain power carry objective kautsky fail explore objective achieved means
theories operate uncomfortable vacuum examining institution building participation distribution goods assume function benefit exploring case participation perspective authors harmful political development interferes say institution building likewise industrialization secularization variables discussion functions listed modern end scale values harmful human beings distribution interesting variable regard difficult improved distribution material goods deutsch virtually political development number hospital beds newspapers halpern implies important part controlling modernization broader distribution kautsky stresses importance land reform broader distribution consumer goods apter values resource allocation local level almond sees challenge distribution stresses consumer goods clear analysis enhance distribution simply stated early distribution hair driers beautician supplies primitive economy detrimental effects personal environments diverting family incomes destroying traditional values weakening family solidarity kinds distribution propose enhance sale hair driers types distribution essential stable personal environments ensue distribution lead social development social decay analysis human needs basis determining political systems relate human need authors agree modernization orchestrated harmonized fine tuned
eisenstadt feels important develop strong center political system social groups intact autonomous strong centers develop adaptability change members lower solidarity cohesion social system lower adaptability change members eisenstadt seen development strong political centers war ii highly adaptable change mentioned india developing symbols charisma poor establishing working relationships intact autonomous social groups regimes weak centers traditionalistic nontransformative elites social groups nations suffer disability tend conceive legitimation terms maintaining restricted range status symbols tend emphasize component center building especially regulation center group relations development goals symbols common identity developing nations short concentrating inducing adaptation traditional cultural social groups modernization creating modern groupings adapt intent forging limited alliances elite groups virtual monopoly distribution resources status positions eisenstadt agrees halpern importance middle class innovators developing capacity transform imbalances caused modernization contends problem simply reins government apply checks modernizing activities involves developing viable groups society countervail power vested interests government involves preserving functions traditional groups easily reproduced modern form nucleus sense identity incorporating national symbols context group place turn faces personal crisis
attempts international facilities adaptation local needs point ironically need greater local patents miracle seeds granted seed companies turn purchased large multinational corporations multinationals hold drug seed pesticide fertilizer companies local strains seed adapted centuries local diseases weather production times simply eaten vanish seeds imported countries replace vast acreages seeds susceptible blights sweep countryside farmer dependent foreign multinationals seed expensive pesticides europe discussion outlawing plants patents dr erna bennett fao estimates quarters vegetable varieties grown europe extinct enforcement patenting laws united states supreme court ruled bacterial strains patented companies discussing patents nitrogen fixing grains seeds mentioned previous paragraph peasant remote hinterland need begin buying seeds abroad satellites capable sensing field corn diseased evident ground survey growth crops globe united states government latin american agribusiness development corporation fifteen multinational stockholders permanent staffs compile data sale corporations subscribing services ahead size annual yields adjust commodities buying selling
field lies deep hinterland interdependent connected road road economically feasible field provide income pay cost constructing merely provide inhabitants sustenance nation compatible international system interdependence multinationals develop relationships increasing number nations reliability suppliers nation wartime decreased united states instance oil supplies obstructed major powers find sovereignty diminished unfamiliar area wage war interdependent circumstances call independence suffer constraints small nations earlier conflicts united states european nations fought past governments power friendly undoubtedly future profitable lester brown states united states primarily dependent imports thirteen basic raw materials required modern industrial economy iron ore aluminum tin copper nickel cobalt lead petroleum natural gas opec approach supplier dictatorship feasible realms previously friendly governments find increasingly apply pressure raise prices raw materials expand markets energy resources unite north atlantic powers regional issues profitability shoring friendly governments decrease
heart perspective constitutes contend greed unduly interlaced perspective primitive early commercial societies exhibited share greed nuer acquired cattle navajo sheep trobrianders land parcels yams etsu nupe swords gold inca collected gold objects discarded sacred robes took months wearing inca bantu nupe noblemen kachin headmen chief omarkana displayed lust power latest rule greed involve coveting land means sustenance subjects balanced obligations owed subjects nonetheless greed greed important utility increased productivity saved resources helped provide meaning evidence nuer genuinely liked cattle navajo sheep hunting prey trobrianders yams gardens bantu banana gardens incas metal plows carefully tended fields means production precious resources names songs social connections ritual acts leisure play concerned entities nuer portion cow washing face curdling cheese urine cows gave milk considered cows cows received affection navajo performed elaborate ritual killed prey killed prey needed bantu banana garden doubled social garden trobrianders took hours hoeing weeding decorate fields banners enjoyed means production gave attention details productive processes
summer ago mongolian tribe stood lofty cape dezhnev easternmost promontory siberia miles south arctic circle parents abandoned home gobi desert area beginning dry hard trek miles living country fighting natives magic medicine promise rising sun going food scarce latest enemy resent intrusion hard heels skin garments tatters fact tough looking lot according siberian standards unrefined era looking southeastward bering strait hard pressed wayfarers saw clearly miles dome shaped island feet high rising sea experience navigation quickly fastening logs driftwood procure likely stealing native kayaks ferried big diomede island shook pursuers big diomede companion diomede runs today boundary barren affording food harassed pioneers unconscious destiny resumed voyage high rocky land miles eastward seward peninsula alaska westernmost point continental united states mongolian pilgrim fathers forerunners mighty race christopher columbus mistakenly named indians indulge historians flight imagination settle hard fact
english colonies conscious england conscious english colony virginia grown uncoordinated efforts individuals small groups home government clear policy connection colonies mother country restoration monarchy perceptible drift called colonial policy charles ii conquered netherland filled gap england maryland english colonies extended southern frontier founding carolinas parliament laid definite economic policy acts trade navigation james ii tried consolidate continental settlements vice royalties spanish style scheme thwarted expulsion england william mary tactfully brought american colonies measure control england began protracted struggle french spanish north america doctrine known mercantilism pursuit economic power interest national granted european states colonists admitted profits empire center mother country spain portugal seen beginning england haphazard colonization civil tumults allowed overseas subjects trade foreign countries tobacco tobacco carried abroad foreign ships series acts trade navigation effort english empire sustaining confine profits english subjects acts embodied principles trade england colonies conducted english english colonial built vessels owned manned english subjects
parts country full turmoil agitation stamp townsend acts turmoil america versus england controversy caused discontent local governing classes pennsylvania band frontier hoodlums known paxton boys furious lack protection pontiac rebellion quaker dominated assembly took cowardly revenge massacring peaceful members conestoga tribe lancaster county paxton boys threatened wipe called moravian indians algonquin tribe converted moravian missionaries settled reservation bethlehem indians fled philadelphia government quartered barracks protected british regulars boys strong heavily armed uttering hideous outcries imitation war whoop marched capital february bent killing redskin refugee philadelphia panic took ben franklin talk ruffians returning home promising frontier protection legislative bounties scalps pennsylvania country quieted bided obtain weight assembly situation explosive carolinas country society differed origin religion race seaboard north carolina separation coastal region interior sharp western grievances lack government bad government unequal taxation extortion centrally appointed judges corrupt sheriffs greedy lawyers uncertainty land titles scarcity hard money pay taxes refusal assembly provide paper money allow taxes paid produce consequent tax levies distress sheriffs taking poor farms
thomas jefferson returned presidency overwhelming majority started term march expecting pursue wise frugal policy logical conclusion peace europe condition jefferson earlier success peace europe ten term compared john randolph pharaoh dream lean kine ate fat kine virginia republicans randolph felt jefferson deserted principles term broken strict construction acquire louisiana inaugural address recommended spending federal money internal improvements jefferson term trouble accumulated confronted defection republicans threat dismember country shape burr conspiracy leaving washington expiration term vice president burr approached british minister offer detach louisiana union half million dollars provided royal navy operate merry thought urged government pay downing street interested promoting american secession burr proceeded headwaters ohio friends sailed river luxury flatboat stopping propose scheme westerners duelers charmed polished gentleman york harman blennerhasset romantic irish exile fascinated plan conquer mexico burr emperor grand potentate general wilkinson spanish pay governor louisiana territory ranking general united states army discussed burr project liberate mexico spain louisiana independent republic
age political figures adams clay webster van buren calhoun statesmen country proud towered popularity gave era andrew jackson hickory reigned enemies practically appointed successor martin van buren term whig opposition jacksonian democracy returned saddle person james polk young hickory interim democratic presidents spoon fed jackson franklin pierce james buchanan andrew jackson brand democracy dominated political scene century civil war jacksonian democracy national movement opposed disunion knew geographical limits jackson maine louisiana uttered cliches national rejecting clay american system democracy wanted roads canals railroads chartered aided states federal government messing operations jacksonians spoke resented government grants special privileges rival entrepreneurs distrusted positive opponents artificial distinctions advocates greater popular participation politics jackson identified movement equality believed equality white charitable indian negro aristocratic foes jacksonian democracy leveling european sense desire pull wealth common plane wanted fair chance level
reform movements shook union foundation sought abolition slavery earlier slavery agitation won victory congress passed act slave trade american colonization society founded aim american negroes republic israel later jews give part homeland frank admission negro free slave place american society enterprise purchased native tribes tracts grain coast west africa thousand american blacks settled organized republic liberia capital named monrovia president monroe constitution modeled united states scraped barrel private benevolence appealed congress federal aid southerners opposed movement jeopardizing supply slaves abolitionists denounced subtle attempt increase remaining slaves america discouraged continued civil war congressional backing colonization moral suasion slavery appeared spent force apathy complete january number liberator appeared boston published william lloyd garrison page announced strenuously contend enfranchisement slave population subject wish think speak write moderation earnest equivocate excuse retreat single inch heard
warfare devastated south large sections country union confederate armies tramped fought atlanta savannah savannah raleigh sherman left broad belt blackened ruin footsteps pass wrote aides fire ashes desolation follow path sheridan swept fertile shenandoah valley avenging fury cattle hogs sheep horses wrote native virginia fences barns burned chimneys standing houses houses standing roofs doors windows bridges destroyed roads badly cut west conditions bad governor arkansas wrote thedesolations war description utter desolation marked tracks war battle guerilla bands scouting parties pillaged neighbourhood cities presented picture appalling countryside charleston bombarded partially burned northern visitor painted city vacant houses widowed women rotting wharves deserted warehouses weed wild gardens miles grass grown streets acres pitiful voiceless barrenness business portion richmond capital confederacy lay ruins eye reach beds cinders cellars half filled bricks rubbish broken blackened walls impassable streets deluged debris atlanta brick mortar charred timber scraps tin roofing engine bolts bars cannonballs shot filled ruined streets mobile galveston vicksburg numerous cities south similar plight
grant wrestling difficult problems reconstruction concern diplomatic economic issues altogether unrelated question policy pursue south thanks seward johnson administration realm foreign affairs thanks hamilton fish grant administration likewise won notable successes area administrations cope vexatious foreign questions grown civil war seward firm attitude french mexico spaniards santo domingo sustained monroe doctrine strokes diplomacy advanced imperialism pacific spain attempted conquest santo domingo broke accord spanish withdrawal island appeared diplomatic victory seward later seward persuaded napoleon iii abandon mexican venture june puppet emperor maximilian slumped firing squad cardboard empire collapsed russia eager rid alaska sumner senate oiled lobby house permitted seward buy rich domain known seward folly round expansionist policy seward annexed midway islands west hawaii view construction isthmian canal future date acquired transit nicaragua president grant enormously interested seward projects annexation santo domingo hare brained proposal originated yankee fortune hunters planned secure half wealth island managed draw conspiracy powerful economic interests bought support ben butler john rawlins grant personal secretary orville babcock turn won president
nineteenth century benefits mechanization industry redounded advantage society especially capital labor machinery enormous savings manufacturing costs small proportion savings passed workers form higher wages decrease hours labor pace gains productivity addition workingman suffered fatigue nervous strain monotonous machine labor devalued experience skilled worker eroding creative instincts craftsmanship machinery represented large part capital investment thought accommodate worker machinery machinery worker efficiency required machines run twenty hours days week workers expected adjust machinery constituted fixed capital charge reduced economies temptation effect expense labor introduction machinery resulted throwing laborers eventually absorbed industries run mechanization balanced losses factory jobs growth clerical service positions process worked severe hardship individual employee increasing efficiency machinery resulted production commodities public cared buy leading unemployment lower wages industrial unemployment product machine age grew proportionately development machine economy rise giant corporation consequences labor flowed mechanization
tocqueville observed democracy inevitably addressed practical science generalization largely valid period witnessed series ambitious explorations west organization research lawrence sheffield scientific schools government bureaus reaching developments geology paleontology botany ethnology popularization science john fiske edward youmans settlement ready penetrate west need knowledge geology geography flora fauna urgent decade war federal government undertook fill need wilkes exploring expedition forties railroad surveys boundary surveys coastal surveys fifties provided pattern field army sponsored geological survey fortieth parallel led gifted clarence king sheffield scientific school john hay called brightest generation corps engineers launched large scale expedition explore territory west meridian yielded odd volumes scientific reports immense hayden geological survey territories mapped terra incognita west easily dramatic expeditions headed remarkable john wesley powell armed veteran civil war piloted boats miles green colorado rivers discoveries creation united states geological survey headed clarence king powell scientific interest native races emerged
turn century americans look generations unparalleled progress nation advanced jefferson prophetic words destinies reach mortal eye continent subdued frontier americans reaching worlds conquer institution slavery threatened destroy union democracy destroyed ideal free public education substantially realized ideal free press maintained ideal religious freedom cherished population increased million half century national wealth grown billion james bryce finished survey american commonwealth concluded common america globe thoughtful americans look complacency institutions continent conquered conquest attended reckless abuse soil forest water greatest manufacturing nations united states permitted exploitation women children neglected aged incompetent infirm cyclical depressions plunged millions want wealth gravitating rapidly hands power wealth threatened integrity republic cities slums grew apace civil war ended slavery degradation negro blot american civilization corruption poisoned body politic crowding evils arose full protest demanded extension power government industry finance transportation agriculture labor morals protest gave times progressive era
administration modern times inaugurated passionate eloquence wilson fighting progressive la spokesman agrarian labor discontent bryan nineteenth century liberal suspicious special interests wall street grange labor union distrustful breed intellectuals calling government intervene directly economy don want smug lot experts sit closed doors washington play providence wilson beliefs noted walter lippmann fusion jeffersonian democracy kind british cobdenism meant practical conviction needs administered released control wilson spoke risk taking entrepreneur asked fair chance gain fortune foster interests small capitalist president offered point program lowered tariff deny trusts unfair advantage changed banking structure credit small businessman trust legislation prevent big business squeezing small competitor wilson entered politics admirer morgan increasingly critical financial interests believed crushing independent businessman took office wilson attempted build public support blunt attack wall street tycoon dared frustrate program warned promise countrymen gibbet high haman literal gibbet painful figurative gibbet soul quivers persons belonging family feel ashamed
eisenhower military experience predisposed staff system successfully europe preferred subordinates shelter demands protect personal involvement burly politics disposed probe deeply subject liked problem complex summarized single sheet paper insulated public affairs surprise learning things knew book burning department underlings overseas libraries sit ins black students south special assistant eisenhower chose original backers governor sherman adams hampshire dour yankee kind unofficial alter ego president wielded power proportion official position eisenhower staff system decided president selected letters papers submitted increasingly president took refuge gettysburg farm routine demands burden running presidential office fell hard working governor eisenhower colonel house wilson took office reign opposition party election marked return republican party power twenty republicans looked forward complete reversal democratic policies platform asserted led socialism wrecking free enterprise system power republicans found modify past practices country irretrievably committed elements welfare
elderly eisenhower prepared leave office major parties turned younger identified unadventurous politics republicans named vice president richard nixon democrats senator massachusetts john kennedy dismay liberals persuaded lyndon johnson middle road majority leader place ticket candidate aroused enthusiasm critical america failure develop strong sense national purpose eisenhower nixon ardent supporter mccarthy manipulative unimaginative failing stand mccarthy kennedy won pulitzer prize book profiles courage opened taunt shown profile courage acceptance speech delineating frontier kennedy gave indications critics misjudged began elaborate theme campaign need sacrifice imagination boldness country moving senator kennedy ran formidable handicap roman catholic al smith defeat remembered met issue directly addressing greater houston ministerial association answering frankly question ministers chose ask declared believe america separation church absolute catholic prelate tell president catholic act protestant minister tell parishioners vote church church school granted public funds political preference denied public office merely religion differs president appoint elect
racial matters president supreme court took middle path carter diverged ford nixon civil rights primarily record appointments named blacks important posts secretary housing urban development secretary army solicitor general ambassador united nations hand effective lessen scandalously high rate unemployment black youth cope decay black neighborhoods despite promises campaign willing uphold rights established move appreciably similarly supreme court called rule delicate issue reverse discrimination walked tightrope landmark decision bakke case justice lewis powell joined judges rule permissible consider race determining admission universities joined judges holding medical school university california davis violated law setting quota places blacks full implications decision remained elaborated later decisions court action widely interpreted placing limit affirmative action blacks minorities women foreign affairs carter pursued centrist course realm performance earned higher grades presenting defender human rights restored moral prestige presidency carter demonstrated beguiled ambitions led earlier presidents astray committed gradual withdrawal american ground troops korea strong show executive leadership won senate approval treaties acquiesce panamanian control panama canal canal zone
acid tongued american ambassador london george harvey quoted saying national american foreign policy foreign policy sneer repeated countless times critics mean approve existing policy ready formula exists deal unexpected crisis sudden seizure suez canal egypt plain truth united states fundamental foreign policies objectives farsighted shortsighted successful unsuccessful half dozen persisted century cases objectives policies notably entangling alliances pursued blind devotion reasons existence passed continued existence positive harm powers point large body traditional policy adhered tenaciously decades united states true democracy public opinion shapes basic foreign policies cooked secretly department sprung overnight country sprouting fertile soil experience represent needs interests hopes partial list needs aspirations include peace security neutrality justice freedom humanitarianism territorial elbow room commercial prosperity opportunity investment trade abroad peace foreign policy objective foreign policy important traditional fundamental foreign policies isolation meaning originally europe broils actually broke nonintervention noninvolvement entangling alliances objectives peace neutrality prosperity security
attitude vergennes critical weeks small army spies command known american commissioners silent americans signed preliminary articles actually notified vergennes intentions violently opposed separate action lodged strong protest official french silence difficult explain despite desperate efforts france finding impossible deliver gibraltar spain vergennes faced intolerable prospect fighting indefinitely discharge obligations america threatened defection obviously strengthen britain put pressure spain peace accept gibraltar independent action jay colleagues actually helped vergennes bad hole contrary traditional tale pleased angered complimented americans excellence terms vergennes naturally felt resentment failure american envoys consult advance delaying unaccountable weeks note remonstrance franklin nearly vigorous expected mildness protest combined delay sending writing primarily sake form additional purpose making shamefaced americans subservient french influence rebuke franklin read part loss sir explain conduct colleagues occasion concluded preliminary articles communication hold hope peace america informing negociation part
president john adams led nation brink war publishing inflammatory xyz dispatches recoiled prospect managed level head spite dizzy heights popularity administration suddenly elevated george washington statesmen generation realized major war avoided costs federalists elected office eagerly making preparations franco american conflict unlike clash england presumably disrupt revenue destroy hamilton financial system clamoring hostilities france federalists discrediting republican opponents strengthening hold national administration adams suspected dig political grave averted war hamiltonians ardently desired event inflated popularity federalists collapse re elected adams perceived france wanted avoid full dress war americans desired responded american attacks ships large scale offensive operations talleyrand fearful limited hostilities widen unlimited hostilities event france jeopardize commerce colonies ruin plans reviving french empire louisiana add foe ranks enemies talleyrand instructed french consul general philadelphia issue propaganda counteract french hysteria let known american minister netherlands william vans murray respectfully receive american diplomatic representative talleyrand likewise conveyed conciliatory information peace loving quaker pennsylvanian george logan special trip france expense effort patch undeclared war
caroline undeniably engaged unneutral activity seriousness offense softened fact trips navy island afternoon destroyed british took law hands protesting american authorities giving opportunity act hasty conduct defensible caroline substantial damage british rebellion crushed steamer carried negligible amount material insurgents destruction american ship american waters british force killing american wounding set border ablaze lurid american propaganda pictures showed burning caroline laden shrieking souls plunging niagara falls draped body amos durfee known victim put public display buffalo funeral widely advertised coffin shaped placards recording horrid tragedy asserted rochester democrat dare give utterance feelings say outrage speedily avenged simpering diplomacy blood national honor deserves indignity received british arousing dangerous spirit retaliation american side harmed dozen carolines president van buren responded vigorous proclamation january called american citizens observe neutrality laws summoned joined rebel banner anger caroline affair return home
mexico threatened war united states annex texas march days congress passed fateful annexation resolution mexican minister washington lodged formal protest demanded passports months later united states representative mexico city forced return home diplomatic intercourse nations ended rupture relations war difficult adjustment boundary dispute involving texas generations spanish mexican rule southwestern limits texas generally recognized nueces river texans relying treaties extorted santa anna duress arbitrary act congress insisted rio grande technically point view mexico boundary dispute mexicans interest question nueces rio grande southwestern border texas eyes area mexican texans stars stripes president polk felt obligated promise protect area claimed boundary issue complicated monetary claims largely damages mexican government result chronic anarchy mexico american property destroyed number americans killed cite flagrant case twenty american citizens accused complicity revolution executed trial president jackson declared special message congress february nature outrages unwillingness mexican government offer satisfactory redress justify eyes nations war
early date american statesmen notably jefferson keenly aware importance cuba united states solicitude stimulated louisiana purchase threatened breakup spain colonial empire late disquieting rumors jefferson cabinet put record strongly opposing acquisition island britain france foreshadowed transfer principle monroe doctrine century lengthened reports periodically revived britain presumed designs cuba speculation stimulated movements british fleet caribbean waters noted bearing enunciation monroe doctrine april secretary adams madrid legation memorable instruction asserted annexation cuba federal republic indispensable continuance integrity union concluded laws political physical gravitation apple severed tempest native tree choose fall ground cuba forcibly disjoined unnatural connexion spain incapable support gravitate north american union law nature cast bosom alleged french designs cuba reflected unexplained presence powerful fleet evoked strong protests london washington foreign secretary canning propose america france britain enter guarantee island spain reasons paris washington refused inveigled entrapment
black spot picture troubled ireland disorders reached high point outraged irish voter united states demanded stern treatment england frequently desires gratified senate refused include dynamiters extraordinary treaty london irishmen attempted blow british buildings returned america stand trial crimes internal developments america absorbing thing energies poured amazing industrial transformation finishing stages centuries task conquering taming half continent demanding attention politics continued indoor outdoor sport unusually close colorful presidential elections worm eaten condition navy reflected incredible indifference decrepit fleet reminded admiral porter dragons chinese painted forts frighten enemy face apathy opposition congress funds modern steel ships beginning navy cover glory spanish war diplomatic inexperience surprisingly continued high places presidents secretaries exception rank amateurs secretaries exception appointed primarily political reasons sharp reversals policy occurred democrats ousted republicans sharp shifts policy occurred administration disorders mexican border late continued destructive american property
clouds smoke charred cane fields continued roll island desperation madrid decided energetic measures general weyler cuba early surveying debris concluded uprising suppressed countryside teemed civilians secretly aided rebels ordered populace kenneled barbed wire reconcentration camps absence proper hygienic precautions unfortunate victims chiefly women children died tens thousands american outraged inhumanity reconcentration began demand increasing vigor nuisance doors abated logical step official recognition shadowy cuban government president cleveland referred privately rascally cubans set face mounting clamor congress took bull horns early overwhelmingly passed resolution favoring recognition cuban belligerency accompanying debates intemperate touch american riots spain barcelona mob shouting american pig killers stoned united states consulate tore american flag america princeton university students miners youngstown chamber commerce voted boycott spanish onion flinty grover cleveland regarded belligerency resolution attempt embarrass democrats eve presidential election refused budge resenting congressional interference executive conduct foreign affairs privately remarked congress declare war spain commander chief mobilize army ensuing months popular enthusiasm cuba waned considerably scenes secretary olney fruitlessly proposed mediation spain madrid unsuccessfully attempted head american intervention joint power action
public interest isthmian canal revived stirring events spanish war united states emerged conflict caribbean pacific power cut waterway imperatively american full advantage trade opportunities pacific unfetter fleet ocean operations recent hostilities fact provided dramatic object lesson naval needs united states battleship oregon ordered puget sound cuban waters forced breakneck voyage south america times distance canal america breathlessly pushed chief initial obstacle building canal diplomatic physical clayton treaty britain remained books united states honorably construct isthmian waterway maintain exclusive control changing temper congress revealed january introduction bill provided construction nicaraguan canal defiance treaty chance proposal pass secretary hay reported senators saying dishonor damned london officials involved boer war faced unfriendly europe decided risk newly won anglo american friendship concessions february lord pauncefote popular british ambassador washington concluded treaty secretary hay provided united states construct neutralize isthmian waterway conditions fortify treaty favorably received united states
interest foreign affairs partially eclipsed heated presidential campaign republicans passed vehemently pro ally president roosevelt clamoring armed intervention picked candidate heavily bewhiskered charles evans hughes cloistered supreme court democrats renominated wilson acclamation wildly shouting convention helped provide impetus slogan war early campaign political wiseacres concluded hyphenated vote prove decisive republicans took embarrassing task trying woo german american element condemning wilson dealt harshly germany upholding american rights reply democrats attempted pin mantle pro republicans democratic york challenged kaiser defeat president defended wilson crime american president german president hughes condemned wilson leisurely discussions nation rights tried straddle pro german issue announced firmly america america efficient vague phrases led renamed charles evasive hughes quip left bench fence wilson hand accused pro german irish americans president england violent theodore roosevelt fire fight germany undoubtedly lost votes hughes german americans peace loving citizens ranting speeches wilson campaign involved issues mexico railroads tariff leading tacit promise democrats preserve neutrality country plastered placards bearing slogan war
harding administration took office surprised observers tossing wilson foreign policies ash league sure cold shouldered important theaters republican regime carried forward democratic policies vigorous leadership secretary hughes noted later attempt mexican government confiscate american oil properties retroactive interpretation constitution brought pained outcry investors expiring wilson administration took firm stand practices incoming harding administration lead secretary hughes actively command narrowly failed defeat wilson presidency generally properly regarded minds republican ranks american developed deepening distaste capitalistic excesses bolshevist regime moscow hysterical red scare swept country editors denouncing blood handed russian revolutionists assassins madmen beasts drunk saturnalia crime summer wilson secretary bainbridge colby sternly refused recognize russian regime subverted popular government masterful secretary hughes likewise declined extend recognition ruthless clique confiscated american property recompense repudiated lawful debts abused hospitality friendly nations sending agents abroad foment communist revolution rigid frigid policy nonrecognition reversed democrats franklin roosevelt returned power oil ordinarily lubricant causing friction anglo american relations war united states dipped heavily reserves petroleum float allies victory
darkening menace dictators european horizon prompted president roosevelt propose special inter american conference peace buenos aires argentina selected site polio crippled president journeyed sea thousand miles traveling salesman peace enthusiastic reception opened conference dramatic speech declared non american states seeking commit acts aggression find hemisphere wholly prepared consult mutual safety mutual clear invitation monroe doctrine multilateral dictators accepted conflicting jealousies prior obligations dying league nations imposed barrier conference adopted consultative pact existing peace machinery likewise adopted protocol endorsing nonintervention prompt acceptance united states strings provided gratifying evidence policy interference temporary nonintervention received acid test renewal oil controversy mexico relations reasonably morrow settlement refusal foreign companies meet demands mexican strikers government expropriated oil properties american concerns involved valued holdings extravagantly million mexican government expropriate successfully challenged provided proper compensation paid point grave doubt clamor rose united states oil companies strong armed intervention president roosevelt ably supported mexico genial ambassador daniels tight rein pledged nonintervention valued labor vote america distrusted big business coveted mexican cooperation impending showdown dictators
washington gradually losing decade battle blackball peking un october picture sharply changed communist china brought boundary dispute india climax launching overwhelming attack neighbor mountainous outposts assault deliciously ironical tragic neutralist premier nehru india outspoken apologist red china red russia habitually moralizing wickedness united states standing communists devastating assaults chinese ill prepared indians forced nehru swallow pride beg military aid war yankees avoiding told washington speedily flew quantities military hardware pursuance established policy bolstering largest democracy asia populous nation energetic response contributed peking unilateral proclamation cease fire november events red china furious clawing roof embarrassed friends un fidel castro slyly setting stage hottest hour cold war bay pigs repulse loquacious leader continued bolster forces preparation invasion lavishly provided shiploads modern weapons russians maintained largest army western hemisphere soviet spokesmen repeatedly assured united states weapons short range defensive purposes official washington stunned mid october aerial photographs revealing hundreds russian technicians feverishly emplacing forty nuclear missiles possessing estimated range miles supplement range missiles russia khrushchev tough berlin washington facing nuclear suicide presumably submit
nixon unprecedented globally televised china visit eventually scheduled days february president deplaned peking corporal guard officials meet greet including premier chou en nixon cordially shook hands chinese band played star spangled banner recognizably wildly cheering crowds fact crowds sandwiched dinners exotic food innumerable glass clinking toasts nixon engaged lengthy private talks premier chou chairman mao aged powerful communist leader high point visit nixon walk undulating wall china centuries older christ historic wall walk eerie moonwalk american astronauts earlier finale joint communique released february proved reaffirmation views held sides controversial issues affirmation shifts policy united states repeated evident determination pull viet nam declared ultimate objective withdrawal forces military installations taiwan sides agreed seek normalization relations increased contacts post reopening open door china grossly exaggerated perry japan nixon foot door fashioned balance power gambit encouraging beginning fruitful contacts united states received conceded diplomatically speaking visit important falling domino effects concrete concessions taiwan deeply disturbed despite assurances department america support
united states existence group thinly populated colonies perched eastern seaboard north american continent entered century gigantic power stretching magnificently maine manila panama pole emerged wars richest powerful nation globe supplanting britain object universal envy changed basic factors shaping american foreign policy outlined chapter book changed united states longer geographically isolated atlantic ocean smaller aegean sea days socrates republic longer weak neighbors miracles modern communication transportation nations neighbors longer room continent territorial expansion contiguous lands staked longer agitated extent huge undigested bodies hyphenates famed melting pot immigration quotas undertaker hearse hyphenate groups growing notably mexican americans cuban americans ended nation longer count europe distresses line defense distresses distresses globe huge drum thump reverberates finally united states longer enjoy luxury subordinating foreign affairs domestic affairs nation stake citizens dare thrust heads isolationist sands rest earth convulsion
thing permanent change numerous examples change environment trees change color autumn iron rusts snow melts paint peels seeds flowers logs burn grow grow living plants animals undergo continual change dead plants animals continue change decay fascinated prompted look closely nature working hopes understanding environment understanding change closely tied understanding nature composition matter matter physical material universe occupies space mass chemistry science concerned primarily matter undergoes begin study chemistry primary focus matter let sketch broader picture chemistry chemistry changing science questions chemists seek answer constantly changing define chemistry chemists regards definition unsatisfactory suggest chemistry chemists absorb information fields tackle problems reexamine ways important activities chemists synthesis materials improvement ways making aspect chemistry impact lives chemists synthesized fibers medicines fertilizers pesticides structural materials chemicals find commercial important chemists answering subtle questions matter
atomic level gold oxygen carbon differ terms number protons neutrons electrons respective atoms subatomic particles common substances atom smallest representative sample element breaking atom subatomic particles destroys identity order change base common metal lead atomic number gold atomic number requires removal protons nucleus lead atom nucleus extremely small buried heart atom strong binding forces particles nucleus removal exceedingly difficult energies required nucleus enormously greater energies vigorous chemical reactions agree dalton atoms element changed types atoms chemical reactions lies futility alchemists attempts change base metals gold dalton atomic theory empirical laws helped explain section set stage vigorous growth chemical experimentation early part nineteenth century body chemical observations grew list known elements expanded attempts find regularities chemical behavior efforts culminated development periodic table say periodic table later chapters important acquainted elements show strong similarities lithium li sodium na potassium soft reactive metals elements helium neon ne argon ar nonreactive gases
balanced equation implies quantitative relation reactants products involved chemical reaction complete combustion molecule requires exactly molecules shown equation count directly number molecules type reaction count indirectly mass molecule known indirect approach obtain quantitative information amounts substances involved chemical transformation pursue quantitative aspects chemical reactions explore concept atomic molecular weights dalton atomic theory led scientists problem true atoms combine ratios small numbers form compounds ratios combine atoms small measured individually means early nineteenth century knew relative masses atoms measuring convenient quantities laboratory determine relative numbers atoms sample consider simple analogy suppose oranges average times heavier plums number oranges kg oranges number plums kg plums similarly knew oxygen atoms average times massive hydrogen atoms number oxygen atoms oxygen number hydrogen atoms hydrogen problem determining combining ratios determining relative masses atoms elements
deep earth city detroit beneath rolling plains kansas lie enormous deposits white mineral halite substance known sodium chloride nacl deposited places millions ago extensive primordial seas dried changing surface earth sodium chloride abundant dissolved substance present seawater found human body tissues large quantities familiar ordinary table salt substance consists sodium ions chloride ions na cl water abundant substance drink swim cooling agent essential substance composed molecules substances composed ions composed molecules key question found electronic structures atoms involved nature chemical forces compounds chapter examine relationships electronic structure chemical bonding forces properties substances find classify chemical forces broad groups ionic bonds covalent bonds metallic bonds term ionic bond refers electrostatic forces exist particles opposite charge ions formed atoms transfer electrons atom ionic substances generally result interaction metals left side periodic table nonmetallic elements side excluding rare gases group covalent bond results sharing electrons atoms
molecules substances diverse shapes molecules flat thin large molecules proteins found globular clusters coiled shape molecule strength polarity bonds largely determines physical chemical properties substance molecular shape especially important biochemical reactions molecules shape size able enter reaction small shapes sizes drug molecules alter activity reduce toxic side effects drug beneficial diversity molecular shape arises atoms attach geometric arrangements molecular shape molecule determined bond angles angles lines joining nuclei atoms molecule internuclear axes distance nuclei bonded atoms called bond distance figure shows bond angles bond distances define shape size molecule determine bond distance bond angle information molecule experimental techniques discuss techniques simply accept fact chemist acquired deal information molecular geometries concern geometries explained chapter employed simple empirical lewis model account formulas covalent compounds lewis structures draw geometrical figures simply describe bonding connections atoms dimensional representation lewis structure methane tell molecule planar tetrahedral
states matter differ obviously gases differ dramatically solids liquids respects gas expands fill container volume gas simply volume container held volumes solids liquids hand determined container corollary gases highly compressible pressure applied gas volume readily contracts liquids solids hand compressible pressures applied volume liquid solid diminish percent gases form homogeneous mixtures proportions regardless gases liquids hand form homogeneous mixtures water gasoline poured bottle water vapor gasoline vapors liquids form homogeneous gas mixture liquids contrast remain largely separate dissolves slight extent characteristic properties gases arise individual molecules gas liquid individual molecules close percent total space comparison air breathe molecules percent volume liquids molecules constantly contact neighbors experience attractive forces keeps liquid pair molecules close repulsive forces prevent closer approach attractive repulsive forces differ substance result liquids behave differently
hydrophobic colloids prepared water stabilized natural lack affinity water separate water hydrophobic colloids stabilized adsorption ions surface shown figure adsorbed ions interact water stabilizing colloid mutual repulsion colloid particles adsorbed ions charge keeps particles colliding getting larger hydrophobic colloids stabilized presence hydrophilic groups surfaces small droplets oil hydrophobic remain suspended water separate forming oil slick surface water addition sodium stearate structure shown left similar substance end hydrophilic polar charged hydrophobic nonpolar stabilize suspension oil water shown figure hydrophobic ends stearate ions interact oil droplet hydrophilic ends point water interact cleansing action soap detergent due ability stabilize hydrophobic colloids cleansing agents substances sodium stearate action molecules removing dirt piece cloth illustrated figure desirable remove colloidal particles dispersing medium removal smoke stacks butterfat milk colloidal particles small removed simple filtration separation accomplished causing colloidal particles increase size process referred coagulation
seen atmosphere makes earth screening harmful short wavelength radiation addition atmosphere essential maintaining reasonably uniform moderate temperature surface planet atmospheric components major importance maintenance earth surface temperature carbon dioxide water earth thermal balance surroundings means planet radiates energy space rate equal rate absorbs energy sun sun hot body temperature seen outer space earth cold temperature distribution wavelengths radiation emitted object determined temperature radiation emitted cold objects low energy wavelength region spectrum means maximum wavelength radiation earth infrared region nm figure troposphere transparent visible light transparent infrared radiation figure shows distribution radiation earth surface scale wavelengths absorbed water vapor carbon dioxide clearly atmospheric gases absorb outgoing radiation earth surface fortunate serve maintain livably uniform temperature surface holding infrared radiation surface partial pressure water vapor atmosphere varies greatly place place general highest surface drops sharply increased elevation
heterogeneous catalyst exists phase reactant molecules reaction molecules gas phase catalyzed finely divided metal oxide absence catalyst reaction occur slowly gas phase catalyst present reaction occurs rapidly surface solid catalyst industrially important reactions occurring gas phase catalyzed solid surfaces hydrocarbon molecules rearranged form gasoline aid called cracking catalysts section reactions occurring solution catalyzed solids heterogeneous catalysts composed finely divided metal metal oxides catalyzed reaction occurs surface special methods prepare catalysts large surface areas initial step heterogeneous catalysis adsorption reactants term distinguished adsorption refers binding molecules surface absorption refers uptake molecules interior substance adsorption occurs atoms ions surface solid extremely reactive unlike counterparts interior substance unfulfilled valence requirements unused bonding capability surface atoms ions utilized bond molecules gas solution phase surface solid practice atoms ions surface reactive impurities adsorbed surface occupy potential reaction sites block reaction places reacting molecules adsorbed called active sites number active sites unit amount catalyst depends nature catalyst method preparation treatment
thermodynamics based fundamental laws summarize experience energy law thermodynamics discussed length chapter states energy conserved mean energy created destroyed process falling brick melting ice cube chemical reaction energy flows part nature converted form total remains constant saw chapter express law form represents change energy system process heat absorbed system surroundings process system surroundings process process change law helps balance books speak heat released says process change fact occur question encompassed law thermodynamics law thermodynamics expresses notion inherent direction system equilibrium moves reverse direction requires addition energy system hold brick hand let brick falls floor water freezer compartment converts ice shiny nail left outdoors turns rust processes proceeds needing driven source energy processes spontaneous
important chemical processes utilize electricity produce importance electricity modern society examine subject area electrochemistry deals relationships exist electricity chemical reactions discussions electrochemistry provide insight diverse topics construction operation batteries spontaneity chemical reactions electroplating corrosion metals electricity involves flow electrons electrochemistry focuses reactions electrons transferred substance reactions known oxidation reduction redox reactions oxidation reduction reactions briefly discussed section defined oxidation increase oxidation number loss electrons reduction decrease oxidation number gain electrons substance gains electrons reduced substance lose electrons oxidized oxidation reduction occur simultaneously consider reaction iron hydrogen chloride equation oxidation number element symbol element forgotten rules finding oxidation numbers refer section review looking oxidation states equation iron oxidized hcl simultaneously reduced discussing oxidation reduction reactions refer substance causing oxidation oxidizing agent oxidant oxidizing agents possess affinity electrons substances oxidized abstracting electrons oxidizing agent gains electrons reduced similarly substance reduction called reducing agent reductant
progressed book focus chemical reactions specifically reactions electrons play dominant role chapter consider nuclear reactions matter origin nucleus atom experts predict depend nuclear energy replace dwindling supplies fossil fuels meet rising energy demands consideration nuclear chemistry continues minor theme energy generation started chapter begin awareness controversy surrounding nuclear energy feel nuclear power plant town topic nuclear energy evokes emotional reaction difficult sift fact opinion begin weigh pros cons rationally important educated person understanding nuclear reactions radioactive substances deeply involved discussion review extend slightly ideas introduced section recall subatomic particles reside nucleus proton neutron refer particles nucleons recall atoms element number protons number known element atomic number atoms element numbers neutrons mass numbers mass number total number nucleons nucleus atoms atomic number mass numbers isotopes isotopes element distinguished citing mass numbers
optical isomers distinguished interaction plane polarized light light polarized passage sheet polaroid film light waves vibrating single plane shown figure polarized light passed solution optical isomer plane polarization rotated clockwise left counterclockwise isomer rotates plane polarization dextrorotatory labeled dextro isomer latin dexter mirror image rotate plane polarization left levorotatory labeled levo isomer latin laevus left effect plane polarized light chiral molecules optically active substance optical isomers prepared laboratory chemical environment synthesis chiral equal amounts isomers obtained mixture racemic racemic mixture rotate polarized light rotatory effects isomers cancel order separate isomers racemic mixture chiral environment optical isomer chiral tartrate anion separate recemic mixture en tartrate added aqueous solution en en cl precipitate leaving en solution examine number complexes solution observe exchange ligands extremely rapid rate slowly
alkenes close relatives alkanes differ carbon carbon double bond molecule alkenes referred olefins presence double bond results fewer hydrogens present alkane alkenes possess fewer hydrogens needed form alkane unsaturated later presence double bond confers considerably chemical reactivity alkenes found alkanes simplest alkene called ethene ethylene member series ch called propene propylene carbon atoms molecule possibilities forming isomers alkenes carbon atoms molecular formula shown figure compound shown branched chain continuous chains carbon atoms naming alkenes compound named length longest continuous chain carbon atoms double bond course ending listed table changed ane ene location double bond prefix number designates number carbon atom part double bond nearest end chain chain numbered end brings double bond sooner smallest number prefix rules isomers butene listed figure compound left carbon chain parent alkene considered propene
earlier chapters text considered aspects physical live discussed chemistry atmosphere natural waters chapter solid earth chapter final chapter consider biosphere defined part earth living organisms formed live cycles biosphere distinct atmosphere natural waters solid earth integral part places conditions permit exist living organisms sustained supply energy growth maintenance organisms requires energy adequate supply water organisms composed largely water exchange materials environment living organisms require energy maintenance growth reproduction ultimate source energy sun living matter proliferated earth organisms specialized developed capacity obtaining energy indirectly utilizing energy stored organisms bodies essentially capacity directly utilizing solar energy consume animal plant materials obtain substances bodies utilize energy sources distinct reasons living systems need energy organisms rely substances readily surroundings synthesis compounds needed existence reactions endothermic reactions proceed energy supplied source living organisms highly organized complexity substances simplest single cell organisms relationships chemical processes occurring truly amazing
discovered america easy question answer think human beings set foot continents north south america ancestors modern indians asia entered north american continent tens thousands ago ice age land bridge connected northeastern asia alaska think discoverers explorers hunters herders simply moving camp camp search game green grass doubt humans parts found manner egypt iran india china australia matter england france rest europe certainly settlers americas unaware entering territory look later discoverer america word claimants advanced european reach america norseman leif erikson ventured compass void north atlantic found shores labrador ericson discovery passed practically unnoticed centuries modern inhabitants lives legend amerigo vespucci clever italian eye publicity visited northern coast south america wrote account experiences widely circulated reading distorted copy vespucci tale german geographer martin waldseemuller concluded author discoverer suggested named america honor
colonies settled chiefly english leavening germans scots scotch irish dutch french swedes finns scattering nationalities handful sephardic jews gradually increasing number black african slaves cultures brought varied according nationality social status intelligence taste individual newcomers lost heritage entirely certainly descendants relatives remained call americans subtle profound occurred europeans moved willed settlers true hoping circumstances left bountiful existence nonmaterialistic reasons opportunity practice religions ways barred home alternative prison execution choice rebellious alienated seldom intended develop entirely civilization wished reconstruct terms favorable single american type result careful selection kinds europeans colonizers settlers walk rough proportion numbers europe exclude highest social strata certainly systematic selection finest grain provide seed cultivating wilderness america europe england merely england virginia simply english province west ireland poor european immigrant home french visitor hector st john de crevecoeur wondered american
colonies founded piecemeal persons varying motives backgrounds common traditions loyalties developed slowly reason british government slow think american possessions unit deal centralized henry vii authorized john cabot sons search lands rule title jurisdiction lands resided crown king possessions sovereign obligated manner consonant national interest left advisers decide interest authority challenged dispose section american domain group merchants terms personal friend creditor arrangement specific form colony government degree local independence permitted depended pattern basic colonial governments general framework imperial control king overseas plantations english political legal institutions common law private property representative legislative assemblies systems local administration took hold british america colonists home authorities motives establishing settlements seldom conflicting motives colonists leave home grievances bent securing rights denied england prosperity political economic expansion reproduction civilization aims common ruler ruled englishman american earliest days settlement need rely home authorities obvious roger williams questioned england political sovereignty
smugness complacency luxuries politicians seldom afford jefferson beginning term pride past confidence future mass support nation soon found trouble home abroad part difficulties rose extent republican victory federalists ideas intelligent leadership effective numbers held quarter seats congress happens situations lack opposition weakened party discipline encouraged factionalism republicans napoleon renewed aggressiveness europe sale louisiana prelude produced tangle problems neutral united states jefferson solve problems merely moral suggested inaugural address end term suffering rheumatism recurrent headaches doubt psychosomatic origin wrote feelingly friend prisoner released chains feel relief shaking shackles power jefferson domestic troubles critical importance vexing considerable extent resulted elements makeup explain success facility adjusting principles practical conditions readiness federalism flexibility trouble disciples ready surrender principle expediency prominent republican critics john randolph roanoke congressman virginia majority leader jefferson term randolph unique wit charm imagination intellectually rigid thought principle stake vitriolic unyielding obstructionist
controversies aroused strong feelings divide country deeply question federal internal improvements caused endless debate split country geographical lines nationalist minded calhoun pressed plan set million fund roads canals congress approved despite strong opposition england divided south bill providing money upkeep national road caused sectional split measures vetoed monroe approved differently worded internal improvement act proposals excited intense reactions john randolph opposing bill usual ferocity threatened employ means short actual insurrection defeat prominent southerners favored internal improvements randolph noted threatened union issue tariff continued divide country higher tariff enacted slave states voted unanimously north northwest favor england remained minds clay expounded case american system brilliantly debates provided arguments tariff foes found hard counter webster continuing speak merchants england conducted poll business leaders deciding vote powerful speech act measure passed creating major storm divisions questions severely disruptive part major politicians competing presidency dare risk alienating section taking extreme position calhoun changed mind protective tariffs avoided declaring presidential ambitions
jackson case ironclad matter merit vigorous prosecution congress wisely took action jackson suspended diplomatic relations france ordered navy readied french part doubt clearly wrong insulted jackson manner irresponsible talk war heard countries fortunately french chamber finally appropriated money jackson moderated public pronouncements issue subsided similarly snag delayed negotiation west indian treaty jackson suggested forcing britain concessions imposing boycott trade canada cases showed poor judgment ready monumental risks win petty victories behavior reinforced impression held foreigners united states rash young country chip shoulder pathologically mistrustful faith european powers jackson personality large impact shape tone american politics office nearly professed follower jefferson jeffersonian longer meant mattered felt andrew jackson ridden power head diverse political army left organization fairly cohesive necessarily consistent body ideas democratic party contained rich citizens poor easterners westerners abolitionists slave holders close knit national organization allowing individual exceptions jacksonians agreed underlying principles included suspicion special privilege large business corporations typified bank united states freedom economic opportunity unfettered private government restrictions absolute political freedom white males conviction ordinary capable performing duties public offices
temper southern society discouraged business commercial activity considerable manufacturing developed small flour lumber mills flourished iron coal mined virginia kentucky tennessee tredegar iron works richmond annual business million availability raw material abundance waterpower appalachian slopes manufacture textiles profitably south thriving factor functioning fayetteville north carolina soon sprang north carolina adjoining states william gregg factory graniteville south carolina established constant money maker able propagandist business gregg saw textile business source profit device improving lot south poor whites worked hard weaken southern prejudice manufacturing plant model benevolent paternalism similar early mills lowell industry southern textile manufacturing amounted compared north gregg employed textile workers south carolina fewer lowell massachusetts spindles turning entire south percent manufactured united states south region develop industrial society textile manufacturers depended north machinery skilled workers technicians financing insurance english geologist charles lyell visited orleans astounded discover thriving city supported single book publisher
nation teetering brink disunion radicals north south heedlessly provoking disgruntled north carolinian hinton rowan helper published impending crisis south attempt demonstrate statistically slavery ruining south economy corrupting social structure republicans flooded country abridged edition knew southerners considered book appeal social revolution fervid union southerner wrote confess northern endorsement harpers ferry outrage helper infernal doctrine shaken fidelity february legislature alabama formally resolved secede republican elected president extremism evident south casual observer section aggressor crisis demanding reopening african slave trade southern radicals believed defending attack felt surrounded hostility north growing faster rate feared flood free states soon able amend constitution emancipate slaves decline slavery border states maryland missouri bringing closer increasing worldwide condemnation institution added psychological burden john brown raid threat black insurrection reduced panic legislatures south cracked freedom expression manumission slaves illegal banished free blacks took steps northerners considered blatantly provocative advocates policies believed defending status quo
amendment supplied broad definition american citizenship persons born naturalized united states subject jurisdiction thereof citizens united states reside obviously included blacks struck discriminatory legislation black codes enforce law abridge privileges immunities citizens united states deprive person liberty property due process law section attempted force southern states permit blacks vote denied vote class adult male citizens representation reduced proportionately clause federal officials served confederacy barred holding federal office specifically pardoned thirds vote congress finally confederate debt repudiated amendment specifically outlaw segregation prevent disfranchising blacks willing representation congress reduced southern states fourths majority states obtained governor mississippi denounced insulting outrage shed glory lustre section race women rights groups north objected implication black fitted vote white women elizabeth cady stanton warned amendment create antagonism black women president johnson vowed choice fourteenth amendment policy main issue congressional election embarked swing circle rally public
industrialization altered americans thought transformed ways making living technological advances revolutionized communication ideas drastically transportation goods manufacture steel materialism permeated american attitudes business affected contemporary education literature charles darwin theory evolution influenced american philosophers lawyers historians profoundly older ideologies romantic individualism faith democracy continued affect american thinking dominant pattern emerged american mind diverse say confused incoherent neatly delineated history american education reflects impact social economic forces horace mann henry barnard laid foundations supported school systems age jackson systems compulsory civil war growth cities provided concentrated populations economical mass education spurt human productivity resulting industrialization produce huge sums universal education required half children country received formal education mean half children attending school sessions short students dropped classes late average american received schooling steady growth improvement took place attendance public schools increased million million remarkable expansion allowance growth population public expenditures education rose million million
vacuity american politics stemmed complacency middle class majority country growing foreign enemy threatened poor recent immigrants blacks influence easily comfortable circumstances important group society suffered increasingly rolled farmers travail force finally brought american politics face face problems age backbone american society farmer rapidly left race wealth status number farmers volume agricultural production continued rise agriculture relative place national economy declining number farms rose million million wheat output leaped million bushels million cotton million bales million rural population increased million million industry expanding faster urban population quadrupling period soon overtake pass countryside immediately civil war wheat sold nearly bushel early worth dollar mid average price stood neighborhood cents cotton southern staple sold cents pound cents early times fell cents tariff manufactured goods appeared aggravate farmers predicament domestic marketing system enabled multitude middlemen gobble large share profits agriculture
period bounded roughly end spanish american war american entry war called progressive era generalizations complex subjects title involves simplification progressive mean tending change improvement merely suggest attitude mind unique universal characteristic early century progressive elements existed earlier periods disappear american soldiers took ship france important ways progressivism continuation response industrialization began civil war response ended historians scoured sources trying define explain progressive era devising interpretation period satisfactory term progressive description exciting significant period american history progressives single group seeking single objective movement sprang sources fight corruption inefficiency government dated grant era struggle civil service reform skirmish battle continuing power corrupt political machines growing influence large corporations lobbyists municipal governments outraged thousands citizens led seek ways purifying politics making machinery government responsive majority special interest groups progressivism roots effort regulate control big business characterized granger populist agitation failure interstate commerce act end railroad abuses sherman antitrust act check growth monopolies increasingly apparent
eisenhower eager improve relations brother dr milton eisenhower south american tour dr eisenhower recommended stepped economic assistance president concurred resistance communism nonetheless continued receive priority government jacobo arbenz guzman guatemala began import soviet weapons united states promptly dispatched arms neighboring honduras month army led exiled guatemalan officer marched country honduras overthrew arbenz latin america eisenhower truman continued support conservative regimes power bayonets local military alternatives communist revolution social chaos depth latin american resentment united states clear spring vice president nixon south amerca nation tour met hostility lima peru mobbed caracas venezuela students kicked shiny cadillac pelted eggs stones abandon remainder trip american gained inkling latin american opinion social economic troubles lay opinion easy solution latin american problems clear course events cuba revolutionary movement headed dr fidel castro overthrew fulgencio batista noxious latin american dictators eisenhower recognized castro government cuban leader soon began criticize united states highly colored speeches ordered american property cuba confiscated providing adequate compensation
fall president lyndon johnson intention running full term re elected clear democrat prevent shrewd powerful politician nominated question months opposition bitter withdrew candidate renomination opposition handling conflict side war vietnam vietnam divided defeat french handful american military advisers train south vietnamese army passed american aid advice dispatched futile effort establish stable government procommunist forces called vietcong soon controlled large sections country sight capital city saigon gradually vietcong drawing supplies north vietnam indirectly china soviet union increased strength response american money military advisers bolster ngo dinh diem regime end american military country kennedy assassinated november american military presence risen combat troops involved americans killed diem government despite assistance suppress vietcong rebels steadily alienated south vietnamese interests shortly kennedy assassinated group south vietnamese generals overthrew diem killed american officials encouraged coup realizing generals planned execute diem august announcing north vietnamese gunboats fired american destroyers gulf tonkin president johnson demanded air crisis obtained authorization congress repel armed attack forces united states prevent aggression
sitting president extraordinarily high standing public opinion polls reagan nominated term republican convention opposition democrats choice easily leading candidate walter mondale minnesota vice president carter opposed primaries half dozen prominent senator john glenn ohio astronaut reverend jesse jackson civil rights activist mondale likely winner defeated hampshire primary senator gary hart colorado chance hart aimed campaign chiefly younger voters claimed offer ideas accused mondale catering special interest groups organized labor hart won england states mondale forces rallied south middle west successful candidates dropped mondale hart jackson left jackson chance winning excellent speaker black run presidential nomination major party roused enthusiasm millions blacks tens thousands responded appeal register vote coming election contest fairly close mondale hart democratic convention mondale majority delegates nominated ballot electrified country choosing representative geraldine ferraro york running mate ferraro liberal voting record congress known effective professional politician
historian frederick jackson turner reason rejoice nineteenth century ended thirty delivered widely acclaimed paper describing influence frontier american history established professor university wisconsin salary teach summer school days week pay bills turner lived comfortably food fuel light wife small children cost taxes interest house clothes medical bills americans paid income tax necessities car freezer refrigerator owned lake front home employed servants ample bicycling fishing walking close beauty native turner secure content contemporaries born raised farms small towns turn century burton wheeler later senator montana grew hudson massachusetts industrial town twenty miles boston father cobbler family owned room frame house outskirts town horse cow raised pigs chickens wheeler recalled easy going days picked blueberries pocket money wandered hudson classic victorian setting hugo black later achieve fame supreme court justice remembered happy hours horseshoe pitching baseball croquet fishing east central alabama paul douglas later senator illinois cherished maine woods lived small boy mother uncle cleared land cabins summer hotel
william james complained moral flabbiness born exclusive worship bitch goddess success squalid cash interpretation put word success national disease feat james identify pervasive materialism commercialism age harder social critics reformers develop solutions problem quest reformers improve society intensified late nineteenth century joined search attempted unsuccessfully turned change society restoration past struggling intractable economic forces modern age sought preserve older rural values past reformers worried extremes wealth poverty called charity workers considered poverty revealingly referred pauperism result individual failings environmental conditions leaders field intentioned believed generous assistance bred dependency doled aid critic cost conscious approach wondered later charity organization society business enterprise designed poverty sight comfortable rich poet concluded organized charity scrimped iced cautious statistical christ jacob riis reporter half lives alert poverty blot happy memories village denmark emigrated age twenty supported reforms ranging model tenement legislation settlement houses hated city relied heavily palliative solutions playgrounds home economics teaching kindergartens boys clubs
social justice progressives managed support working class activity feared class warfare cool radical efforts promote social change efforts western federation miners industrial union greatest strength lay metal mining areas west led flamboyant figures william big bill haywood powerful activist lost eye accident age miners engaged employers series bloody strikes places coeur idaho cripple creek colorado haywood helped gather miners migratory workers lumberjacks industrial workers iww wobblies called comprised radical direction action wing american socialism branched organizing textile workers east iww won protracted struggle unionization mills lawrence massachusetts unsuccessful strike textile workers paterson jersey weakened iww east remained vital force west claimed workers revolutionary militancy iww terrified conservatives socialist party felt obligated recall haywood executive board advocated violence sabotage future iww theorist obscure bill jones firing line stink clothes rebellion brain hope heart determination eye direct action gnarled fist haywood working class employing class common classes struggle workers unite class possession earth machinery production abolish wage system
roosevelt proceeded seek accommodation japan preeminent power asia difficult migrations japanese laborers west coast brought ugly confrontation california legislature debated bill exclude orientals oriental riots exploded west coast roosevelt furious idiots california legislature recognized power hearst press inflame tensions point war negotiated called gentlemen agreement informal understanding sides agreed put end unwanted immigration agreement erase affront japanese pride permit tensions subside roosevelt courted japanese approving called root agreement affirmed status quo including japanese hegemony korea side pledged respect interests observe open door china protect chinese territorial integrity roosevelt left office months later sense assured stability asia american businessmen continued complain efforts japan aided russia england exclude interests instability asia stem flaws tr policies inviting weakness china america lacked power change recognizing limits american influence roosevelt develop balance power area considerations power dominated roosevelt bellicose actions caribbean viewed american lake mahan dedicated building isthmian canal part navy move freely defend posessions pacific
war wrote ray stannard baker rotten baker ardent wilsonian meant american intervention end war end wars contemporaries hoped heal divisions home war bring justice unity progress united states happened appeared confirm baker expectations american military strength instance indispensable fairly early decisive end war early german boats sinking nearly tons shipping month november american warships helped cut losses tons month april allies lost tons month pre rate maintained britain run grain months land united states supplied million troops july million november americans cracked southern front st mihiel argonne forest vosges mountains helped allies break stalemate trenches war cost american lives battle wounded stiff losses short deaths numbered killed civil war trifling compared sustained england france million russia million apparent ease victory encouraged americans lighthearted view war progressives baker war appeared especially salutary home reformers cheered institution prohibition women suffrage progressive taxation promoted exigencies war
reflecting potential consumer goods industries boomed moderately priced products included radios wristwatches cigarette lighters hand cameras linoleum vacuum cleaners washing machines top twenty industries specialized consumer goods compared availability creature comforts common astounded contemporaries america french observer andre siegfried wrote american creating vast scale entirely social structure bears superficial resemblance european age siegfried especially impressed revolution communications film radio telephone early birth nation grossed million film industry revealed amazing potential movies displaced camp meetings political rallies essential mass entertainment americans large american city deluxe theatres seating average weekly attendance million talkies revenues reached million times amount spent books ten times sum expended spectator sports growth radio equally spectacular late august kdka pioneered news coverage broadcasting election returns licensed radio station america end stations million americans owned sets national broadcasting company began consolidating stations network federal radio commission established police industry radio big business americans spent million sets parts advertisers paid hour national hookup nbc gross income million
inaccurate stress loss morale apathy unemployed jobless showed remarkable resiliency adhered stubbornly older values including ethic vast majority procrastinated heading relief station dead buried commented accountant project stay ditch rest cent direct relief reflecting pervasive racism added job cleaning cuspidors nigger depression promoting relief ethic destroying morale tended intensify importance hard individual effort values persisted equally simplistic stress political apathy raged rich powerful don big corporations dig donate complained poor devil fork rich aid country poor blamed government big shots wrote harry hopkins head federal relief effort half starved unemployed job cutting grass days sing tuft grass big shot head strength head roots joined protest movements national drive publicly paid age pensions share wealth crusade senator huey louisiana lobbied stiffer taxes wealthy
months election inauguration march dismal american history consistent end hoover tried commit roosevelt deflationary program president elect refused trapped cooperation lame duck congress managed send repeal prohibition states ratification debated fruitlessly final wave panic swept depositors forced governors declare holidays banking system collapse altogether run interregnum worked roosevelt advantage left ready wish rogers put shortly inauguration don additional authority roosevelt ask give drown boy babies senator arthur vandenburg michigan republican conservative added think need dictator situation dictator dictates think country crying heaven announcement firm comprehensive banking plan president inaugural address hinted planned seek sort power rogers vandenberg wanted give remained unspecific spoke need national planning utilities transport strict supervision banking credits investments taking neo populist phrase justice brandeis end speculation money invoking wartime metaphors announced call special session immediately ask congress remaining instrument meet crisis broad executive power wage war emergency power fact invaded foreign foe
roosevelt attempted easy criticize conservatives correct complaining maze bureaucratic agencies roosevelt conceded administration greatest weakness correct accusing roosevelt inconsistency wise wary dangers executive direction jeffersonian emphasis schools citizenship government critic observed changed rooseveltian emphasis response heroic leadership critics focused perceived synthetic quality roosevelt personality president agreed flexible buoyant charismatic eloquent speaker evoked mass loyalty unprecedented american politics added primarily political animal concealed calculating nature facade humor patrician assurance worse drifter improviser lacked intellectual capacity understand economics courage act recession decisive responses required according perspective roosevelt sheer personality con artist supreme critics left stressed limitations deal roosevelt cautious conservative refused nationalize banking sponsor laws lynching hard public housing slow perceive needs organized labor virtually blind city barely mentioned later reforms federal aid education health insurance civil rights legislation despite rhetoric big business stem growth monopoly proceeded apace abortive attempt wealth tax left tax structure income distribution ten
roosevelt died april liberals distraught tva director david lilienthal shuddered think throttlebottom truman country deserve left remembering truman rise corrupt politics kansas city journalist max lerner asked pendergast machine able panting politicians bosses gravy millions americans appeared share anxiety roosevelt president remember germans fighting japan invaded postwar problems tackled country saddled uninspiring border senator party plucked relative obscurity truman frightened responsibilities ahead boys told reporters pray pray don fellows load hay fall told yesterday happened felt moon stars planets fallen actually worried american political system stable withstand sudden shocks presidency truman tried master office delegates san francisco completed task devising united nations charter senate adopted vote eighty july europe allied forces overwhelmed germans surrendered asia americans pressed forward iwo jima okinawa country awesome military industrial machine surged ahead largely unaffected personalities white house
degree russian american rivalry inevitable alexis de pointed century earlier russia united states nations marked heaven sway destinies half globe power vacuums europe asia tocqueville prophecy true superpowers found head head history conflict societies expected wallace pointed america attitude soviet union unusually truculent especially contrast patience hitler dictatorial suspicious ruthless stalin bent conquest french italian communists discovered dismay controlling western europe despite truman assertions ussr assist greek communists stalin soviet secrecy makes ambitions unclear sought traditional russian goals expanded influence iran south manchuria east turkey southwest hoped preserve russian power eastern europe protection rearmed germany sense wallace correct stating russia wished protect communize sphere influence united states wished expand interest latin america western europe america act show energy determination soviet union answer lay russian behavior domestic tensions pressures united states stemmed america historical experience leading democratic nation
astonishingly successful intervention chinese november course quickly proved tragic foolishness advice truman advisers including macarthur central intelligence agency deserved criticism predicting chinese stay truman paused accepting counsel chinese implied diplomatic channels attack un forces pushed north thirty eighth parallel ignoring possibility truman advisers displayed exaggerated faith western technology contempt oriental military potential george kennan pointed truman aides bemused insidious belief product modern age total victory purpose war urging macarthur drive yalu truman rashly containment seek later known policy liberation conflict china accelerated war dramatic clash wills truman macarthur chinese advanced general progressively restive querulous truman complained escalate war administration blockade mainland china unleash chiang raids korea south china authorize air sea attacks chinese sanctuaries manchuria steps macarthur insisted america win war truman shrank embarking course recognized attempt blockade china coastline tie substantial part america navy needed blockade lead confrontation nations including russia event blockade stop flow supplies overland soviet union similar prudence truman rejected idea helping chiang raid china
nominations worthless result tumult convulsed chicago convention opened left wing protesters moved city nonviolent whites working mccarthy determined provoke confrontations mayor richard daley earned notoriety king assassination ordering police shoot kill arsonists shoot maim looters daley erected chain link fences barbed wire protect convention site surrounded police activists responded taunting insulting pigs charged wildly crowds clubbing gassing passersby demonstrators police riot walker report later shattered hope remained rapprochement democratic center youthful left humphrey beneficiary police activity convention disaster richard nixon republican nominee profit democratic disarray victory gop convention triumph ambition persistence party loyalty losing kennedy failed race governorship california tired petulant defeat told reporters won nixon kick gentlemen press conference conscientious party worker supporting goldwater traveling widely gop congressional candidates smooth performance preconvention campaign bested wingers supported california governor ronald reagan liberals favored governors nelson rockefeller york george romney michigan misled disliked past nixon theodore white chronicler presidential elections nixon personality required reexplanation
deaths kent unleashed torrent protest especially campuses erupted consecutive spring month demonstrations disrupted universities closed end semester weekend students descended washington protest week later jackson college mississippi black students killed eleven wounded police fired indiscriminately dormitory president william mcgill columbia university commented accurately disastrous month history american higher education nixon reaction discredit students bums blowing campuses burning books storming bloodshed kent commented shootings remind dissent turns violence invites tragedy protest worried dawn bed stole talk demonstrators camped lincoln memorial intended responsive conciliatory understanding ensuing dialogue exposed gulf separated demonstrators california students talked surfing syracuse posed questions college football team left eat breakfast washington hotel placate opposition campus disorders heightened president desire curb dissent arranged tap phones thirteen top government officials suspected leaking stories bombings cambodia journalists published june tried form special national security committee composed top cia fbi defense intelligence agency headed fbi chief edgar hoover
actions marked reagan decidedly conservative temper surprise reagan campaigned political conservative believed domestic programs cost friend military needs ardently supported reagan proved shrewd ally closely loose confederation increasingly assertive pressure groups opposed era abortion welfare busing blacks schools modernist religion demanded tough measures criminals curbs liberal supreme court confrontation policies soviet union wished impose brands protestant fundamentalism country campaign reagan benefited support groups deflected sensitive issues abortion school prayers political arena appoint sandra connor arizona judge earlier supported law legalizing abortion nation female supreme court justice frustrated advocates regrouped future battles clear reagan economic policies working combination tax cuts increased military expenditures merely increased staggeringly high budgetary deficits projected billion deficits conservative monetary policies interest rates high discouraged investment conservative businessmen souring reaganomics grumbled deficits ruining country economy continued stagnate inflation severe remained divisive intractable problem confessing failure david stockman reagan influential director management budget blurted late understands going numbers
american immigrant anthropologists disagree appeared earth claims honor western hemisphere seen human eyes twenty thirty forty thousand ago presumably earliest immigrant bering straits hundreds thousands trickled slowly southward spreading north america funneling mexico central south america venturing water caribbean islands farther south pacific immigration centuries included parts asia africa europe early arrivals america melting pot lump indians native americans divided hundreds tribes enormously varied physical appearance language civilization homes south present united states unquestionably numerous skillful exploiting territory inventors indian corn maize efficient method transforming earth food devised corn civilized plant highly bred botanists recently able track wild ancestors indian plant breeders developed early inhabitants mexico south america skilled ways built cities stone richly carved ornamented knew mathematics astronomy construct calendar required leap predict eclipses sun knew political science construct strong governments worked advanced division labor
principal foreign threat england emerging mercantilist empire seventeenth century dutch century running shaking spanish domination built largest merchant fleet known dutch captains nosed rival vessels took portuguese empire east indies opened trade japan dutch privateers led pack raiding spanish treasure fleets dutch merchants controlled lumber trade baltic amsterdam sawmill europe dutch fishermen dominated north sea dutch textile workers finished resold woolen cloth imported raw england england tried stop export save valuable finishing process workers dutch simply boycotted english cloth depression settled english woolens industry century rembrandt vermeer hals hobbema dehooch century huygens spinoza surpassed seventeenth century achievement dutch north america dutch extended vigor showed north america offered fewer prospects reward dutch ships appeared virginia rivers carry tobacco holland england dutch textiles sold shops boston region dutch chosen settlements trading posts north america strategically economically important continent hudson river commanded access interior water level route appalachian mountains hudson reach mississippi valley mohawk river valley greater difficulty lake george lake champlain st lawrence
middle eighteenth century england colonists beginning recognize separate identity mother country beginning recognize importance population amounted million half doubled twenty going consequence soon benjamin franklin pointed americans exceed british numbers century britain france continued contest empire statesmen turned eyes westward peace la ended war austrian succession recognized europe truce treaty restored status quo returned louisburg france took french conquests austrian netherlands left french power unbroken france set ensure position america stronger war french refortify louisburg ominous move agents western slope appalachians build forts cement alliances indians claim region king france english board trade privy council order bolster loyalty allies called colonies virginia northward send representatives meeting iroquois albany virginia jersey summons june nineteen delegates hampshire massachusetts connecticut rhode island pennsylvania maryland lieutenant governor york gentlemen council rode albany confer iroquois chieftains slipped mohawk valley response similar summons
expected prowar republicans discredited mishandling military affairs peace republican party firmly power record madison wartime administration brilliant country intact economy flourished southern cotton planters regaining european markets growing number western farmers taking advantage cheaper transportation send agricultural surpluses markets south northeast overseas farm commodity prices land values rising settlers swarming west treaty ghent states indiana mississippi illinois alabama missouri entered union economic interest manufacturing growing importance impetus embargo war cut supply british goods shipping regain prominence northeastern maritime states recovering blows embargo war dealt vast land burgeoning economy optimistic increasingly nationalistic million longer plain uncomplicated republic jefferson admired jefferson party changing country counted manufacturers factory workers urban groups farmers planters serve henry clay john calhoun john quincy adams impatient fashioned virginia republicans emphasis constitutionalism rights laissez faire vision national growth economic expansion social progress required dynamic federal government pursuing positive imaginative policies fighting political battles postwar republicans jeffersonian rhetoric creed lost substance
rapid economic growth social change war profound effect nation political death federalists subsequent fragmentation republicans brought american party system end sixteen presidential elections party system took shape differed crucial ways notably willingness leaders abandon eighteenth century ideal social harmony accept parties political conflict inevitable constructive vigorous party politics developed sections country existed south west growing number voters turned national elections control public affairs exclusively business prudent gentlemen distinguished families democratic party leadership andrew jackson martin van buren skillful dramatic appeals fears ideals aspirations common national republicans replaced whigs leadership clay webster effective bid mass support equally adept political tactics politics jacksonian era enlivened bitterly fought presidential contests lifeblood american party system disputes friends enemies ill tempered conflicts nationalists righters times heightened sectionalism party battles waged intense fervor unprecedented amount demagoguery political flimflam party predicting victory rival bring disaster nation
acquisition louisiana florida early nineteenth century quieted american urge expansion feeling secure foreign intervention satisfied ample space growing population americans moved west content vacant lands immense country occupied unsettled regions mississippi missouri illinois poured territories soon states arkansas michigan florida iowa wisconsin mexican province texas vast area missouri arkansas stretching rocky mountains interest westward moving settlers explorers reported land arid farming cartographers labeled american desert white americans presented permanent gift indians donors felt room plenty white east indian country impulse expand suddenly stirred anew actually americans assumed boundaries united states stand forever unchanged pressed expansion aggressively challenged idea providence destined country continued growth expansion raised touchy question slavery permitted spread territories acquired controversy recently generated proslavery antislavery propagandists began center problem end precipitated national crisis months bitter debate compromise painfully constructed makeshift arrangement settled served hold union decade
measures future potential consideration war congressmen minds embarrassing union defeat ball bluff fall legislators created watch dog joint committee conduct war start conflict congress concerned issue emancipation confiscation act august designed punish rebelling southerners captured slaves owners actively support war effort confederacy set free july bitter debate confiscation act passed declared slaves adherents rebellion free practice acts achieved united states government actual jurisdiction rebel slaveholders message future unmistakable southerners predicted republicans urged abolitionists seek end slavery proven correct president lincoln committed winning war avoided slavery issue want lose support war effort existed unionist slave holders border states black citizens north want lose potential support restoration union slaveholding opponents secession confederacy hope crack southern solidarity waned lincoln moved slavery war going poorly union summer question emancipation inescapable war cost human lives justify struggle merely political concept union
rulers south claiming redeemed states carpetbaggers earned redeemers predominantly democrats called party conservative democratic conservative party regard whigs attracted members top ranks reconstituted party numerous whigs found businessmen industrialists lawyers served interests high councils party political offices states georgia alabama tennessee virginia sat representatives railroad mining manufacturing banking interests foremost officials industries shared power exchanged favors planters states combination represent restoration order represented phase revolution touched overthrow confederacy revolution order played important lasting role reconstruction enduring longer fact antibellum cotton kingdom slavery planters constitutions framed redeemers embodied strong reaction reconstruction regimes revealed suspicion distrust legislatures hampering restrictions government positive action sort difficult southern redeemer governments reacted reconstruction policy retrenchment meant cutting taxes starving eliminating tax supported public services chief beneficiaries tax policy railroads utilities factories burdens lightened chief victims public schools schools bore stigma carpetbagger support gravely crippled redeemer retrenchment general poverty depression redeemers cut appropriations public institutions severely prisons
return peace stimulated magnificent expectations fortune builders profitmakers industrial entrepreneurs truth senator john sherman wrote brother general william sherman close war resources unimpaired elevation scope ideas leading capitalists higher undertaken country talk millions confidently thousands high hopes expectations justified surveyed half continent developed built empire rich coal iron oil waterpower lumber resources essential industrial power responsive federal government eager business interests greatest free trade market surrounded high protective tariff barrier european immigrants swarming provide cheap labor surely stage appeared set heroic age industrial enterprise glorified legend americans believed continued believe economy set pace outstrippped rapid rate industrial growth late nineteenth century victorious side civil war chose believe achieved moral aims material wonders played important part stimulating considered unequaled speed efficiency american industrial progress recent students comparative growth questioned validity faith point rapid population growth united states gross national product increased faster nations europe growth measured product capita american economy lead production distribution capita closely related individual welfare gross production
september mckinley died president assassinated forty successor theodore roosevelt mark hanna called damned cowboy set political course white house mckinley death wrote roosevelt dreadful thing presidency worse thing morbid gift gods roosevelt forty youngest chief executive american history joy brought joy office son patrician parents graduate harvard accomplished ornithologist enthusiastic historian roosevelt chose early politics career wanted rule chose independent loyal republican wanted win served successfully occasional rancher dakotas assemblyman york united states civil service commissioner york city police commissioner assistant secretary navy colonel celebrated rough riders governor york senator thomas platt boss republicans developed apprehensions roosevelt successful ventures reform managed york arranging nomination vice president position roosevelt accepted resigned grace characteristic vigor campaigner roosevelt displayed qualities give presidency enormous influence americans acclaimed wonderful things policeman cowboy hero arms battler everlasting toothy grin animal energy high pitched voice exhorting worthy reform
american nation unprepared war begin country clear sense purpose german irish americans unreconciled fighting side allies smaller groups pacifists saw excuse fighting progressives believed united states business involving considered struggle european imperialists majority americans full accord decision war confused origins objectives president hoped remain neutral president regarded submarine issue matter morality understanding politics moral temper times led americans seek utopian realistic reasons actions committed accommodate temper convert dissenters wilson defined american war aims idealistic terms spirit war message later addresses noble persuasive helped transmute fervor progressivism selfless bravery crusade turned fervor frenzy led americans expect paradise war give failure achieve expectation tinged persisting frenzy postwar bitterness vindictiveness united states unprepared total mobilization demanded modern war special strengths required fight war overseas nation lacked army plans facilities raise guns tanks airplanes equip ships transport tools organization produce materials war wanting
temper twenties marked narrowness provincialism prosperity complacency attitudes red scare fed survived passing scare americans lingered intolerance isms distrust foreign nations dislike bordering hatred foreign origin farm community susceptible feelings organized labor endorsed racial economic arguments advocated immigration restricted congress adopted recommendations dillingham commission passed national origins act based annual immigration quotas temporarily proportion descendants nationality resident united states limited immigration western hemisphere selected proportion established census quotas ended trickle immigration southern eastern europe act included provision west coast racists urging forbade immigration asians terminating gentlemen agreement insulting race sensitive japanese undone washington conference charles evans hughes wrote implanted seeds antagonism asians blacks catholics jews victims prejudice based ethnic consciousness white protestant americans older stock educated comfortable known attributed race religion national origin varying qualities character intelligence assumption americans stock superior breed kind bigotry thrived college professors virulently southern whites appealed poorer semieducated lived grown rural small town america
reason americanization war restore morale saigon displaying american determination stay course reason hope bombing break north vietnamese induce order national liberation front call war experience war korea demonstrated limitations strategic bombing johnson simply conceive pounded north vietnam breaking point historians argue consistent american objective twenty prevent communist takeover south vietnam achieve military victory true johnson undoubtedly sincere confidence american power applied problem solved spirit exhorted troops nail coonskin wall believed bombing altogether stop infiltration south vietnam cost prohibitive infiltration took place ho chi minh trail network american planes began carry bombing missions north vietnamese units laos cia organized army meo tribesmen prevent pathet lao north vietnamese overrunning plaine des secret war laos developed alongside open war vietnam larger reason americanization war lay assumption inherited previous administrations reexamined defense south vietnam communist takeover vital security united states johnson felt concessions communism indochina encourage communist aggression south asia eventually frontiers freedom
middle east continued present perplexing questions soviet union increasing influence arab states pursuit historic russian ambitions area united states deep moral interest israel strong conflicting economic interest arab oil russian american concerns superimposed torn indigenous hatreds potency oppose soviet aspirations persian gulf area nixon looked shah iran kennedy johnson american relations iran distant visiting teheran nixon asked shah protector american interests gulf area exchange shah received political assurances unrestricted buy advanced american weapons united states arms sales iran totaled billion twenty increased sixteenfold total billion shah modernizer increasingly possessed delusions grandeur surrounded sycophants thieves secret police systematically tortured killed opponents nonetheless appeared moment firm charge country east arab states remained unreconciled existence israel june israel responding egyptian blockade port elath gulf aqaba launched surprise attack egypt won smashing victory days war war israel retained possession territories deemed essential defense future arab attack sinai peninsula egypt golan heights syria gaza strip west bank jordan river
fastest growing minority hispanic americans hispanics increased percent result immigration legal illegal high birth rate demographers expected hispanics overtake blacks nation predominant minority early twenty century million hispanics illegals statistical precision difficult percent mexican percent puerto rican percent cuban rest caribbean south america mexicans lived main southwest puerto ricans northeast cubans florida income levels averaged slightly higher blacks educational levels linguistic handicap lower spanish speaking enclaves survived mexico nearly centuries decades mexicans entered united states satisfy need cheap agricultural labor till war mexican americans sixties called proudly chicanos began act conscious minority pride history traditions facilitated quest identity california cesar chavez united farm workers improved wages working conditions migrant farm laborers mexico reies lopez tijerina tried reclaim land grants anglos wangled original owners texas jose angel gutierrez formed political party la raza unida puerto rican population mainland rose percent sixties fifths living york city unlike hispanics american citizens brilliant musical show west side story adapting romeo juliet theme rumbles puerto rican white street gangs won sympathetic hearing problems larger community
christopher columbus broke water barrier european set foot san salvador opened momentous chapter history static status bound europe responding intellectual stirrings growing trade competition emerging nation states overseas exploration commerce dramatic european discovery frontier accelerated beginning currents change revolution knowledge existence seemingly limitless space resouces america set prolonged economic boom quickened spirit enterprise generated mounting pressure rigidities social order hastened europe entrance modern individualism capitalism liberal democracy development america took place midst profoundly important transformation atlantic central characteristics emerging modern epoch term increasing importance individual autonomy growing faith human beings win secular salvation wealth happiness individual enterprise nineteenth century modernity special sense reached fullest development emphasis individual rise social philosophy known liberalism original meaning liberalism conviction served left free pursue individual ends economic sphere liberal doctrines lent support laissez faire capitalism political sphere liberal doctrines encouraged majoritarian democracy protection rights minorities october traditional date discovery americas columbus relative latecomer
proprietary colonies eschewing corporate purposes officials london developing series policies designed implement larger corporate purposes suggested emerging concept british empire policies based theory political economy known mercantilism term coined adam smith mercantilism widely practiced europe preceding century economic doctrine presupposed nations engaged continuous struggle supremacy economic strength valued military strategic advantages yielded measured primarily accumulation bullion uncoined gold silver nations lost gold silver buying things nations sufficient nations considered strongest healthiest colonies held important place mercantilist thinking england spain france netherlands turned empire order economically dependent colonies contribute prosperity mother country providing market manufactures finally extensive trade colonies support large merchant marine period merchant ships seamen easily converted naval purposes increased fighting strength mother country england scanty resources abundant labor ideally suited gain mercantilism slow develop consistent colonial policies british government oliver cromwell attempted exclude foreign shipping possessions restoration charles ii parliament sought additional control colonial economic activity series acts trade navigation enacted augmented subsequent legislation
britain emerged victorious anglo french wars conditions supported vigorous imperial policy king george iii enthroned ambitious conscientious monarch desired play larger role governmental affairs predecessors manipulation royal patronage maneuvering parliamentary elections tried re establish royal influence earlier monarchs exercised unfortunately king ministers proved flexible astute dealing colonists easygoing predecessors british ministry sought strengthen inefficiently managed imperial system war colonists irritated british reluctance furnish troops supplies money cases actually prospered trading enemy empire greatly enlarged efficient regulation colonial territories serve purpose benefiting mother country pressing problem revenue pay crushing debt incurred war support increased costs defending administering enlarged empire costs multiplied fivefold war france compared english landowners colonists virtually untaxed london fair bear heavy tax burden required defense american territory tighter imperial policy grew conditions inaugurated ministry george grenville provoked colonial hostility chief pontiac rebellion effort ottawas allies block english expansion trans appalachian region british issued proclamation restricted colonial settlement western frontier
thomas jefferson wisely recognized political foolhardiness practical impossibility trying erase legacy hamiltonian measures inherited national bank allowed run course undisturbed charter expired funded federal debt continued honored significant shift tone direction public policy government moved washington city sharp reaction formality ceremony aristocratic predecessors cultivated egalitarian jefferson invested muddy capital potomac studied casualness ostentatious simplicity lack pretension symbolized deliberately negative policy avoid ambitious measures federal establishment plain simple practice frugal economy reduce rapidly federal debt hamilton apparently designed permanent taking line jefferson agrarian democratic preconceptions proving shrewd reader country mood hamiltonian system brilliant success premature resting transitory fortuitous ascendancy commercial minded minority tune bulk population federalist stronghold england religious sectional considerations contributed party strength commercial mindedness adams brand federalism popular hamilton brand despite flourishing overseas commerce gradually pulling farmers plants producing staples market country remained wedded vision simple unprogressive democratic utopia dominated sufficient independent virtuous farmers
century security republican leaders ushered country century exceptional growth development united states freedom entanglements free peaceful trade deemed essential simple virtuous republic jefferson colleagues sought perfect freedom security helped foster spirit enterprise rapid change undermined agrarian ideal spirit direction american strikingly war period regarded major turning point american history change abrupt war temporarily damming latent tendencies society accelerating burst end conflict result case economic primary american economy developed main stages staple exporting national market industrial stages economy colonial period staple exporting economy concentrated production tobacco grain staples overseas markets carrying trade largely economic activities middle eighteenth century population flowed heavily interior poor transportation prevented staple production sector economy began grow relative staple exporting commercial sector development set stage struggle commercial mindedness agrarian mindedness quarter century viewpoint economic development important thing staple exporting economy static quality lack tendency acceleration change
candidate elected means clear policies administration follow jackson political experience supposed depend calhoun van buren controlled administration heir presidential succession calhoun wanted base jacksonian democratic republican party gradually called simply democratic party alliance south west reduce tariffs south liberalize federal land policy west embarassing issue calhoun plans internal improvements west favored south increasingly opposed van buren hand wanted resurrect jeffersonian coalition southern planters plain republicans northeast coalition unite neo jeffersonian grounds oppose internal improvements york wanted federally financed competition erie canal national bank yorkers resented bank philadelphia institution gave york city rival undeserved financial dominance issue dangerous van buren plans tariffs northerners southerners disagreeing mounting vehemence calhoun supporters upper hand party jackson inauguration produced sudden reversal calhoun friends frozen cabinet van buren secretary van buren astutely information calhoun member monroe cabinet advocated punishing jackson rash invasion spanish florida yorker aided eaton imbroglio socially prominent women washington tried ostracize disreputable wife jackson friend secretary war john eaton
abraham lincoln arose deliver inaugural address march clear idea secession problem handled voices north counseled letting erring sisters depart peace abolitionist minority called holy war free slaves majority opinion north increasingly convinced union preserved clear mandate military coercion seceded states war finally wars deliberately willed chain circumstances result reflected imperfectly conscious collective north south guiding affected outcome abraham lincoln president known country tall homely apparently uncultivated lawyer politician prairies illinois won notice earlier opposition mexican war caused illinois voters repudiate single term congress debates douglas senatorial campaign attracted national attention elected president minority voters public indication policy months election inauguration actually blocked efforts compromise privately opposing arrangement left slightest room expansion slavery position put political expediency compromise territorial question left infant republican party reason existence gave clue assumed office certainly lincoln prepared lead crusade free slaves
generation civil war economic expansion absorbed nation energies attention centered reconstruction union order defeated south faced difficult questions involving rights freed slaves problems reconstruction numerous obvious easiest problem physical rebuilding shelled cities ruined railroads harder reconstruct defeated sections economic south industry standstill farming land lying idle labor system destroyed investment capital lacking savings wiped collapse confederate currency bonds beneath problem lay relationship south races clear country blacks remained slave union soldiers settled confiscated plantations sea islands carolinas simply wandering drifting union army camps southern cities hopes means support nearly assumed continue land radicals suggested landowners sea islands experiment raised hopes white southerners assumed blacks laborers white landowners southern states reconstructed easy terms offered president lincoln demanded percent citizens oath future loyalty recognize slavery ended elections held governments federal congress congress refused admit delegates
united states struggling tragic heritage region confronting problems half present area country occupied exploited settlers fast filling eastern parts kansas nebraska san francisco sacramento bustling towns farming established willamette valley oregon distant borders pacific settlements states west mississippi lay vast region plains mountains barely penetrated european civilization things greatest west earlier frontier regions west frontier urban industrial country geography hospitable settlers earlier american frontier jamestown mississippi river conditions frontier hard rainfall farming accustomed forest pioneers generation encountered northeastern illinois eastern kansas rich prairies covered tall grass learned overcome suspicion treeless land lesson going unlearn farther west prairies lay plains begin invisible line semiaridity runs wavering course close meridian eastern north dakota texas panhandle area west line northeastern parts profitably farmed knew westward rockies plains grow steadily higher drier fertile grew short native grass soldiers guarded wagon trails forts remained possession ancient inhabitants
sense power abroad marked turn century accompanied nationalism quest order home embraced related matters imperialism progressivism readily irrepressible theodore roosevelt young dynamic vice president roosevelt president william mckinley killed assassin september tragic incident beginning period adjustment reform progressive era born violent act sources lay deep economic social moral history country series reform initiatives single reform movement progressivism animated varied confusing contradictory impulses efficiency social justice scientific management fair play professional reorganization moral regeneration complex diffuse pluralistic meaning movement characteristics adherents defy easy analysis historical consensus ambiguities aggregate known progressivism understood essentially urban middle class response social economic change search order equity rapidly changing age thomas alva edison confided henry ford reason believe sweeping demographic technological thrown nation gear content inventor words run civilization ways progressives set american economy mature longer concentrate resources efforts expansion productive capacity production continued increase fairly rapidly century fantastic rate previous period progressivism owed nature existence fact period stable prosperity
war began august brought end century relative peace apparent democratic progress european domination helped bring communist revolution united states ushered period economic power political isolation brought greater steps governmental direction economy progressives dreamed drastic innovation produced intense emotional confusion americans moved rapid zigzag neutrality crusading excitement disillusion revulsion president wilson progressive idealism moralism connect nation peace nation war americans found hard understand europe war murder serb heir throne austria hungary actually european powers heavily armed engaged struggle empire prestige organized huge approximately equal alliances fearful consisted central european empires germany austria hungary doubtful adherence italy consisted britain france russia austria hungary afraid disintegration multinational empire demanded severe punishment serbia germany backed ally demands russia felt assist serbia france linked russia germany invaded france belgium neutrality internationally guaranteed england reluctantly war later central powers joined turkey bulgaria western allies italy greece rumania countries war broke americans believing secure immune thought country stay quoted misquoted country founders subject foreign entanglements
americans today view postwar decade ways jazz age roaring twenties romantic heyday flappers flivvers period coolidge prosperity conservative retrenchment isolation finally period lost generation ernest hemingway scott fitzgerald eliot era marked literary rebellion experimentation kinds saw america differing angles entrepreneurs farmers freudians fundamentalists reacting varying rates ways changing social economic order industrialization urbanization going accelerating importation challenging ideas psychoanalysis relativity begun war directly resulted war traumatic break national tradition americans accepted change passively willingly clung tenaciously tradition fought departure ways americans notably henry ford accepted innovation areas technology transportation fought areas manners morals conservative tradition hard define let restore period flux cushioned times americans clearly twenties peace prosperity occur ironically high minded woodrow wilson vacuous warren harding ushered spiritually cramped postwar reaction disillusionment wilson evangel resurgent guard set tone era aftermath war placid fight treaty round frustrating struggle liquidate war consciously idealism led america involvement
despite domestic achievements middle decade united states potentially society clearly divided confused foreign domestic affairs johnson administration inherited unsolved problems shifting balances decades spheres policies pushed lengths increased commitments bring increased frustration disintegration international alliances continued offer strange mixture menace opportunity de announced france withdrawal nato military organization china nuclear power torn domestic turmoil denouncing russian revisionism bitterly attacked american imperialism suddenly deposed khrushchev replaced leonid brezhnev october united states ussr continued rapprochement gingerly johnson able wake kennedy test ban treaty win congressional support consular treaty establishing additional consulates united states ussr soviet american understanding place nuclear warheads orbit additional cultural exchanges arranged powers signed nonproliferation treaty designed prevent spread nuclear weapons powers restless impoverished present impossible problems alliance progress failed solve latin america economic political problems instance president reverted older methods dominican republic liberal government overthrown military coup revolt military regime threatened civil war stating reasons ranging protection american lives preventing triumph castroism johnson troops island
memorable inaugural address john kennedy challenged americans ask country ask country dozen later apparent evocation challenge richard nixon inauguration january urged americans ask government similar phrases carried meanings differences reflected contrasting personal styles starkly contrasting social philosophies chief executives marked decade change turmoil intervened inaugural admonitions suggest ways unintended president differing tempers decades left marks likely recorded book popular thought american public figures assassinated alarming frequency campus rotc buildings city ghettos smoke disruptive racial confrontations violent student demonstrations overshadowed issues national concern love generation unkempt children middle class withdrew workless counterculture sex drugs rock roll merely rebellion dissent age protest period social concern moral commitment united states addressed pressing social ills sure millennial aspirations decade social planners political activists naive problems addressed defied solution civil rights legislation affirmative action programs produce color gender blind society war poverty proved unconditional dizzying welter agencies programs enlisted lyndon johnson hoped throttle want affluent society
american president ronald wilson reagan presents paradox divorced actor styled king hollywood grade movies entered white house symbol traditional family values critic permissive society sincere admirer franklin roosevelt reagan republican presidential candidate draped fdr mantle carried banner resurgent deal admission hopeless hemophilic liberal acting days war ii helped form california branch liberal americans democratic action remained registered democrat touring nation representative general electric moved sharply goldwater partisan conservative presidential hopes perished johnson landslide reagan emerged effective evangel elected terms governor california reagan charmed press public undisguised pleasure president style apprehensions age soon dissolved demonstrated courage fast recovery assassination attempt months office political experience limited terms california governor quickly proved masterful legislative tactician impressive support sides congressional aisle seasoned television radio performer skillful public appearances won reputation communicator critics noted preferred set speeches press conferences effective delivering rehearsed lines cuff remarks required clarification white house staffers
contrast governments european countries american government began identifiable historical moment instrument accomplishing specific limited purposes character sense artificial natural organic manner governments rooted immemorial past government united states rested broadly popular base ruling authorities limited powers ordinary citizens borne larger share responsibility government counterparts european nations defining characteristics american constitutionalism derived circumstances english colonization north america early seventeenth century english colonies gave broader scope private initiative colonies european states france spain english colonization exclusively private enterprise english government aggressively initiate control settlement spanish crown english colonization distinctive public national character start seventeenth century english monarchy immeasurably stronger hundred earlier existence powerful centralized government precondition overseas expansion colonization integral part comparison monarchies spain france english crown weak financial resources limited english government vitally interested competition trade overseas dominion forced rely private adventurers merchants members aristocracy carry english amibitions
lower houses assembly gained power expense colonial governor exception proprietary maryland pennsylvania delaware covenant charter colonies connecticut rhode island appointed crown king representative lands deemed personal dominions governor legal theory exercised virtually traditional prerogatives english monarchy empowered summon assembly laws assent elected deputies exercise absolute veto legislation nominal control appropriations expenditures administer enforce laws appoint subordinate officers command military naval forces act head established church create courts appoint judges serve judicial capacity court equity powers council court appeals powers theory amounted practice tenuous position governor occupied structure colonial politics caught cross fire imperial authorities provincial leaders royal governors lacked political experience kind experience needed democratic politics colonial conditions encouraged royal instructions restricted governors political latitude uncertain discretion recalled showed flexibility responding local pressures governors principal weakness stemmed inability control finance administration governor tried execute locally disagreeable instructions london likely embroiled struggle assembly lose effective political power lay hands controlled taxes expenditures lower houses assembly infrequently fact withhold governor salary dramatically illustrates weakness position
americans espoused idea republicanism conviction fervor sense familiar history colonial government manifested characteristics local liberty responsiveness public opinion identified republican government considering absence america titled aristocracy elimination crown left popular element basis government republican constitutionalism product history sense historically fact incontrovertible making republicanism foundation polity americans acted conscious sense purpose choice commitment practical anticipation republican politics evident colonial period americans significant constitutional innovations creating governments rejecting mixed government organizing principle structured republican constitutions doctrine separation powers republican theory dealt mainly nature sources political legal authority internal constitutional structure polity derived latin res publica public thing republicanism defined government public matter affair conducted interest benefit ruler republican government origin derived authority precise forms popular action creating government course vary theory social contract supplied intellectual rationale process eventually constitutional convention superseding ad hoc interventions legislatures accepted mode constituent power formed government americans rapid conversion republicanism declaration independence established theoretical basis order difficult grasp radicalism undertaking appeared contemporaries
annexation louisiana created expanded union republican eyes merely expansion republican empire liberty major event jefferson term embargo transformed republican constitutionalism questionable interjecting federal executive authority deeply commercial society professing enlightened purpose avoiding war jefferson imposed country apparatus coercion seriously threatened republican liberty caught warring france england jefferson hoped able force depradating european powers respect american neutrality maritime rights denying benefits american trade december proposed congress embargo foreign commerce days debate congress adopted measure large majorities act ban ships bound foreign port required ships coastal trade post bond double cargo guarantee goods relanded united states embargo close american ports european imported goods carried ships nations supplementary measures passed tightening shutdown american shipping principal effect prohibit exports land sea strengthen executive enforcement embargo conceived defensive measure intended buy preserve american maritime resources eventuality war britain embargo end jefferson view offensive weapon economic coercion purify republic ridding corrupt commercial interests constitutional issues raised embargo concerned nature scope commerce power main constitutional basis law
political drama surrounding marbury madison notwithstanding marshall decision signaled desire stay partisan controversy defer political branches provided respected independence judiciary authority settle constitutional disputes involving individual rights position agreeable moderate republicans desired independent strong judiciary deny judiciary decide questions constitutionality matters specifically concerned federalists decision bring marbury case forward part provoked republicans repealing judiciary act marshall accommodation political majoritarianism marbury opinion strengthened republican moderates ensuring struggle radicals impeachment radicals failure impeachment left moderates control party independence judiciary assured political controversies threatening courts recur foundation judicial independence laid chief justice marshall handling celebrated trial aaron burr treason face tremendous political pressure jefferson administration demonstrated point political career ruins tragic duel alexander hamilton burr formed scheme seize mexico united states republicans believed detach southwestern states territory rest union ultimate objective burr procured attend assemblage small armed force island ohio river conducted river orleans subsequently conspiracy collapsed burr captured brought trial richmond jefferson burr arrest publicly pronounced guilty treason personally directed prosecution worked fervently secure conviction
bank war revealed states rights side democratic dual federalism jackson response nullification crisis south carolina showed commitment federal supremacy side crisis head south carolina winter origins economic difficulties caused spread cotton cultivation southwest decline agricultural export trade attributable contraction credit international market south carolinians blamed protective tariff despised tariff economic reasons represented external authority capable disrupting destroying distinctive slave based social order provoked tariff abominations highly protective impost law adopted congress recent slave uprisings abolitionist attacks south carolina legislature issued south carolina exposition secretly written vice president john calhoun exposition condemned tariff unconstitutional asserted power nullify federal legislation suddenly nullification central issue south carolina politics states rights party forming defense unionist party opposition matters assumed aspect vice president calhoun publicly endorsed nullification advanced constitutional argument defend association secession disunionist connotation cast doctrine constitutional perversity nullification dealt depended recognized problems features constitutional order fact gave degree plausibility general problem calhoun faced protecting minorities tyranny majority
constitutional crisis profound sort civil war called question existence union constitutionalism rule law northern protest illegality secession notwithstanding withdrawal southern states attack fort sumter raised anew quarters century problem continental political organization decentralized union part confederation part unitary government restored antibellum condition centralized consolidated union emerge war south prevail independent confederations states result equally uncertain continuation constitutional politics war anticipated constitution fratricidal civil war borne deep seated cultural social differences conflict began generated enormous pressure set methods constitutionalism favor arbitrary rule constitutional issue presented outbreak hostilities adequacy constitution war unionists thought war abrogated constitution matters related suppression rebellion rules warfare international law northerners believed wartime adjustments constitutional law continue provide institutional legal setting struggle carried categorical shift war footing requiring suspension constitutional procedures rules took place believing constitution adequate americans civil war reconstruction frequently clung settled political governmental habits sources strength constitutional system principal reason perceived adequate flexibility responsiveness existing constitutional institutions
restoring seceded states union central issue american politics pre eminently constitutional question involving distribution power states federal government considered strictly legal standpoint reunification presented perplexing difficulties social economic turmoil resulting destruction slavery vastly complicated problem peaceful solution virtually impossible rhetoric states rights federal supremacy core elements reconstruction problem status rights confederates hand status rights emancipated slaves group secession legal nullity proclaimed official union war policy ironically claim participate reorganization governments south group promise emancipation effective guarantees civil rights legitimate claim participate reconstruction politics task postwar union policy reconcile demands conflicting groups restoring federal system according northern republican principles reconstruction problem constitutional politics began disruption union months sumter continued war ideas subject practical expession advanced president lincoln beginning war message congress july series executive actions subsequent months lincoln held secession null void called seceded states union admitted southern states normal relationship states federal government loyal governments controlled persons rebellion federal authority
congressional executive perspectives reconstruction policy effectively ended election persisted constitutional law congress shaped public law civil rights constitutional amendment legislation supreme court word confirmed clarified emanating legislature judicial history reconstruction involves separate considerations decisions supreme court reconstruction related cases jurisdiction national courts critical feature federalism decisionally court recognized reconstruction essentially political question judicial intervention inappropriate maintaining neutrality sympathetic congressional reconstruction program court interpretation reconstruction amendments confirmed moderate states rights nationalist outlook evinced congress jurisdictionally similar nationalist pattern change emerged congress careful guard reconstruction policies judicial obstruction relied heavily judicial power southern program significantly enlarged federal court jurisdiction announcement court decision parte milligan april pause congressional republicans publication opinion case december provoked apprehension ruling military trial civilians civil courts open court appeared jeopardize protection freedmen rights existing freedmen bureau courts military tribunals congress create future january cummings missouri court acted adversely republican interests struck bill attainder post facto law provision missouri constitution requiring voters ministers attorneys candidates public office swear engaged rebellion united states aid rebels expressed sympathy
entry united states war brought sharp relief important constitutional problems altogether conflict decentralized constitutional system requirements wartime centralization conflict executive war powers congressional legislative power united states experienced full impact war modern social order war nation soon learned longer isolated activity divorced civil affairs interest common citizen involved part nation social economic allies central powers lesson driven home united states soon grasped reality imperative necessities modern war posed difficult constitutional issue total effort reconciled limited extent federal sovereignty war power suspend federal system wartime constitutional economic social controls victory extent federal power wartime major issue congress june administration introduced lever food control bill giving federal government authority deal impending food shortage rising food prices preamble measure announced reasons national defense secure adequate supply distribution food fuel food fuel industries declared affected public interest subject federal regulation unlawful waste monopolize fix prices limit production foodstuffs
major constitutional significance attached deal policies adopted revival agriculture industry agricultural adjustment act declared prevailing economic crisis part consequence disparity agricultural prices prices commodities disparity broken farm purchasing power industrial products provision advanced implication constitutional arguments justify federal regulation agriculture theory emergency powers general welfare effect agriculture interstate commerce announced purpose law restoration agricultural prices prewar parity level accomplished agreements farmers federal government reduction acreage production basic agricultural commodities wheat cotton corn rice tobacco hogs milk return federal benefit payments funds benefit payments secured excise tax levied processors commodity question tax rate equal difference current average farm price commodity fair exchange defined price give commodity purchasing power base period act federal taxing power general welfare constitutional basis agricultural control deal agricultural policy inflationary market regulation purpose agricultural marketing act operated legal compulsion voluntary cooperation processing tax objected tax simply money transfer group backbone measure obviously coercive device
major effect supreme court reinterpretation constitutional law strengthening executive authority centralization power federal government issue civil war federal balance gradually shifting direction centralization change occurred result deal legislation noticeably accelerated trend left states paradoxical position expanded sphere governmental activity lost policy making autonomy federal government federalism division sovereignty governments sharing area constituent basis nineteenth century principal characteristic system united states competition conflict federal government states rivals coexisting rarely cooperating joint ventures pre eminent question public policy considerations subject power assigned federal government states constitution gave federal government distinct powers sovereignty tendency system half nineteenth century decentralization despite increasing nationalization culture society power devolved states practical purposes autonomous civil war reversed trend vindicated federal sovereignty significant degree centralization occurred result civil rights constitutional amendments legislation reconstruction period centralization proceeded deal late nineteenth century federal government formulated policies concerning money banking transportation labor relations corporate expansion interstate commerce ways conflicted policies matters occasionally federal government gave money land states promote objectives public education assistance significantly reduce policy making autonomy states
administrative machinery regulatory extent subject executive direction principally designedly independent presidency formed policy making substance post deal polity abortive nra experiment american style corporatism deal adopted regulatory strategy countervailing power consistent decentralized nature american politics derived wilsonian strand progressivism version regulatory theoretically operated judicial model impartial rule application nonpolitical administrators settling conflicts private interests sphere public law characteristic expression antitrust tradition regarded government intervention exceptional accordance persistent myth laissez faire antitrust action intended restore regulatory mechanism free market post war ii political economy judicial policy making antitrust laws continued part regulatory apparatus positive antitrust institutionalized complex body highly technical law main point focus market power morally bad behavior existed alongside important policy making sense regulation federal bureaucracy executive departments independent administrative agencies despite failure nra judicial disapproval legal doctrine rested delegation legislative power executive governing technique outstanding characteristic postwar positive adapted interest group structure economy developed interest group liberalism constitutional expression democratic capitalism mid twentieth century individualism dominated american political thought conflict interest groups dominated american politics
article ii charged president conduct violating constitutional rights citizens impairing due proper administration justice contravening laws governing agencies executive branch bill particulars dealt things nixon attempted manipulation internal revenue service misuse fbi maintenance secret white house investigative unit unlawful utilization cia article iii charged president ignoring subpoenas house judiciary committee committee attempted obtain materials relevant impeachment process additional articles ultimately rejected charged nixon illicitly bombing cambodia corruptive manipulation personal partisan finances committee tried establish nixon actions mere indictable offense posed threat constitutional order doubtful committee succeeded effort final analysis nixon criminal behavior obvious virtually compel adoption indictable offense view impeachment supreme court ruled president surrender tapes lawyers reviewed tape june nixon ordered staff cia abort watergate investigation unequivocal evidence crime obstruction justice facing impeachment house representatives conviction senate nixon resigned august notwithstanding nixon usurpation power abuse constitutional trust revulsion criminal acts drove office respect constitutional law watergate scandal supporting indictable offense theory impeachment
nation looked bicentennial constitution conflicting tendencies predictions future course american constitutionalism problematic paradoxical appeared evidence american government strong weak preservation constitutional liberty proximate sense divided assessment reflected familiar conflict pluralistic politics past competing groups sought government prevent serve ends fundamentally paradox rooted conflict power liberty intrinsic american constitutionalism history conflict clearly evident dual traditions negative positive liberty defined character constitutional government united states classic constitutionalist expression negative liberty liberty government rests assumption purpose politics basic goal government free individual uninhibited pursuit interests struggle english rule eighteenth century liberty government formed principal means exclusive theme nascent american constitutionalism nineteenth century especially seen policies democratic party andrew jackson grover cleveland negative liberty achieved ideological ascendancy established higher law philosophical constitutional sense conspicuously apparent demand entrepreneurial freedom evident social cultural matters opposition prohibition desire parochial schools late nineteenth century dominance corporation based extent laissez faire law policy served discredit idea negative liberty
reads newspapers watches tv aware impact chemicals lives news bad hear toxic waste dumps chemicals foods environment potential cancer producers terrifying things difficult appreciate science chemistry responsible development synthesis drugs save lives led formulation pesticides protected food crops prevented starving death granted benefits chemical research brought attention drawn actions careless greedy chemical producers users chemistry social issue demand chemicals banned scientists study chemicals viewed fear suspicion fears goals science general chemistry stem ignorance branches science seek greater understanding goal making look marvelously successful part clothing wear automobiles drive products encounter daily simply exist turn century exist today chemical research medicines created laboratory healthier prolonged lives realization living organism complex chemical factory generated strong interest sciences especially biology medicine result study biochemistry brought advances knowledge nature
chapter introduced important basic concepts chemistry ideas atoms atomic weight elements compounds major chemical laws chemists physicists biologists developed ideas today routinely think chemical physical biological processes taking place atoms molecules submicroscopic atomic scale individual atoms molecules laboratory huge numbers small particles chapter ways carrying chemical reactions observations large macroscopic scale readily translated language atomic relative ease amazing order study chemical compounds effectively laboratory knowledge quantitative relationships exist amounts substances enter chemical reactions stoichiometry derived greek stoicheion element metron measure term refer quantitative aspects chemical composition reaction chemical formulas determined chemical equations prove predicting proper amounts reactants mixed obtain complete reaction excess amount reactant ability perform chemical calculations ease routine essential part learning chemistry students difficulty later course problems traced weaknesses understanding concepts developed chapter study material covered concentrate understanding concepts
families elements characterized names group numbers group ia elements frequently spoken alkali metals compounds caustic alkaline group iia elements called alkaline earth metals elements found minerals compounds caustic group viia elements called halogens derived greek meaning salt finally group elements noble gases called inert gases extremely limited ability react chemically section saw classify element metal nonmetal metalloid periodic table elements left metals nonmetals heavy step shaped line drawn boron astatine approximately represents boundary metallic nonmetallic behavior elements adjacent line metalloids gradual transition metallic nonmetallic behavior region going left period elements change metallic nonmetallic kind transition observed going top bottom groups group iva top carbon nonmetal bottom lead metal periodic table aid chemists disposal correlate sorts information helps important trends variation metallic character elements period group discussed preceding paragraph standpoint development theory concerning structure atom periodic table represents compilation experimental data explained
primary goals chemical bonding theory explain hope predict molecular structure theory exceedingly simple concept remarkably successful ability predict molecular geometry accurately called valence shell electron pair repulsion theory vsepr theory applying employ notion atomic orbitals electron dot structure drawn molecule general shape predicted seek predict shape molecule look decide atoms groups atoms general term ligand arranged central atom molecule oxygen atoms ligands arranged sulfur atom atoms straight line molecule linear bond angle decide questions vsepr theory proposes geometric arrangement ligands central atom determined solely repulsions electron pairs valence shell central atom according theory electron pairs assume positions repulsions minimum ligands follow works let begin considering simple molecule electron dot structure crosses beryllium electrons dots chlorine electrons molecule recall violates octet rule pairs electrons valence shell according vsepr theory electron pairs arrange repulsion minimum
molecular orbital theory proceeds according theory molecule arrangement atomic nuclei spread nuclei set molecular orbitals electronic structure molecule obtained feeding number electrons molecular orbitals rules apply filling atomic orbitals sure shapes molecular orbitals molecule ion appears approximately correct picture obtained combining atomic orbitals reside nuclei composing molecule combinations achieved considering constructive interference destructive interference electron waves atoms molecule shown figure orbitals identical nuclei notice amplitudes waves added resulting molecular orbital shape concentrates electron density nuclei electrons molecular orbital tend hold nuclei stabilize molecule reason orbital called bonding molecular orbital electron density orbital centered line joining atomic nuclei type orbital derived case atomic orbitals refer molecular orbital observe figure molecular orbital obtained destructive interference electron waves instance molecular orbital produced places maximum electron density region nuclei electrons molecule molecular orbital help cement nuclei
redox reactions encounter laboratory home involve ions laundry bleach hypochlorite ion ocl active ingredient bleaching action occurs ionic reaction oxidation colored materials ocl ion wash water earlier chapter saw net ionic equations focusing attention key occur ionic reactions involving metathesis expect helpful analyzing redox reactions ions procedure suited balancing net ionic equations redox reactions called ion electronic method based principle divide conquer equation split simpler parts called half reactions balanced separately recombined give final balanced net ionic equation consider reaction solutions insoluble product solution applying ion electron method begin writing skeleton equation shows substances actually involved reaction leave spectator ions reaction hand reactants cl products skeleton equation divide equation half reactions dividing skeleton equation half reactions difficult part ion electron method let review accomplished notice skeleton equation products choose product half reactions product half reaction look half reaction
principal factors determine magnitude vapor pressure nature attractive forces liquid temperature influence rate molecules evaporate liquids intermolecular attractions strong molecules large kinetic energies able escape rate evaporation low hand intermolecular attractions weak large fraction molecules sufficient kinetic energy leave rate evaporation large rate evaporation small small concentration vapor molecules needed order rate condensation equal rate evaporation rate evaporation large large concentration vapor molecules exist reach equilibrium means liquids large intermolecular attractions low vapor pressures vice versa examine liquids vapor pressure measurements water lowest vapor pressure diethyl ether largest means attractive forces largest water smallest ether reasonable water strong hydrogen bonds ether nearly nonpolar weak london forces effect temperature vapor pressure seen figure graph vapor pressure versus temperature ether alcohol water temperature increased vapor pressure rises reason easily understood recalling raising temperature increase rate evaporation leads increase vapor pressure
previous chapters discussed physical properties states matter part discussions applied pure substances rarely encounter pure materials daily activities laboratory chemicals meet found mixtures kinds physical properties mixtures isolated pure components uncommon advantage variety practical purposes steel mixture iron elements carbon metals combining ingredients controlled proportions finished product properties hardness corrosion resistance differ substantially iron chapter study physical properties mixtures begin examining kinds mixtures occur effect sizes particles properties mixture common special kind mixture solution discussed importance solutions medium carrying chemical reactions chapter spend studying aspect solutions effect solute solution physical properties phenomena laboratory applications determination molecular weights applied practical problems refining crude oil desalination seawater chapter learned sample matter classified pure substance mixture pure substances include elements compounds formed characterized constant composition
thermodynamics study energy occur systems pass repeated observations scientists led conclusion process energy created destroyed conclusion basis law conservation energy discussed chapter important consequence law bring system net energy change regardless path follow stated difference energy states constant obtain energy difference regardless system change true create energy violation law conservation energy suppose liberate cal energy condensing amount water vapor atm let suppose find cal energy vaporize amount water temperature pressure continually vaporize condense water cycle obtain free cal invented perpetual motion machine device creates energy law conservation energy fact perpetual motion schemes impossible fact patent office refuses issue patents inventor able supply working model law thermodynamics recognizes impossibility perpetual motion machines stating system undergoes series ultimately brings original net energy change
chapter saw reactions concern place aqueous solution realize chemical general proceed entirely completion approach dynamic equilibrium chapter examine greater detail quantitative basis ionic equilibria occur aqueous solutions begin chapter equilibria reactions acids bases important amphiprotic nature water compounds biological interest occur aqueous environment living systems show acid base properties chapter commented water weak electrolyte reaction kind reaction molecules solvent react form ions called autoionization important equilibrium present aqueous solution regardless reactions taking place autoionization equilibrium write equilibrium expression approach chapter molecular concentration water appears denominator expression nearly constant pure water dilute aqueous solutions included equilibrium constant left side equation left side expression product constants course equal constant combined constant written equilibrium condition product ionic concentrations kw called ion product constant water frequently simply ionization constant dissociation constant water
electrochemistry concerned conversion electrical energy chemical energy electrolytic cells conversion chemical energy electrical energy galvanic voltaic cells electrolytic cell process called electrolysis takes place passage electricity solution sufficient energy nonspontaneous oxidation reduction reaction place galvanic cell hand source electricity results spontaneous oxidation reduction reaction taking place solution electrochemical processes practical importance chemistry everyday electrolytic cells provide information chemical environment energy required important oxidation reduction reactions occur addition electrolysis important chemicals find lives examples lye naoh soap paper chemicals liquid bleach naocl galvanic cells dry cell nicad battery powered flashlights radios electronic calculators wristwatches cameras children toys familiar lead storage battery achieved widespread applications especially automotive industry recently fuel cells energy combustion fuels converted directly electricity finding especially space vehicles electrochemical aided scientists producing modern equipment pollution analysis biomedical research aid tiny electrochemical probes scientists beginning study chemical reactions taking place living cells substance classified conductor electricity able allow electrical charges moved point purpose completing electrical circuit
reactions place surface zinc flow electrons obtained reaction simply generates heat advantage spontaneous electron transfer making oxidation reduction half reactions occur separate compartments cell shown figure compartment called half cell properly connected electrons produced oxidation zinc travel wire electrode solution electrons picked ions reduction takes place electrons flowing external wire constitute electric current galvanic cell serves source electricity zinc copper separated obtain flow electrons complete isolation species lead electrical imbalance electrodes electron flow soon cease occur imagine half cells completely isolated oxidation reduction reactions continued place left side hypothetical setup ions entering solution give solution positive charge prevent additional entering find leaves solution ions left give solution negative charge electrode positively charged electrode repel ions prevent removal solution preceding discussion continuous flow current accompanied continuous chemical activity occur solution electrode electrically neutral
vacancy created subshell result capture temporary electrons higher energy levels quickly drop fill orbital electrons falling higher energy levels lower energy emitted form electromagnetic radiation light instance ray region spectrum elements atomic numbers higher end band stability find stable ratio decay modes discussed cases unstable nuclei lose protons neutrons result decay involves emission particles emission removes protons neutrons simultaneously earlier saw type decay process uranium type nuclear transformation heavy elements fission heavy nucleus splits lighter fragments lie band stability radioactive smaller nuclei produced fission unstable able undergo simpler types decay order produce stable nucleus closer look nuclear fission section observe nuclei numbers protons neutrons apparently stable odd number particles stable isotopes numbers protons neutrons isotopes number protons odd number neutrons number neutrons odd number protons contrast stable nuclides odd numbers protons neutrons
eighteenth century chemists able distinguish types compounds derived plants animals mineral constituents earth kind called inorganic substances received attention book chapter devoted discussion organic compounds found nature synthesized laboratory delve chemistry observing element carbon present molecules makeup odd elements carbon found universally substances organic chemistry known study carbon compounds carbon organic molecules elements prevalent hydrogen oxygen nitrogen lesser extent phosphorus sulfur chemists believed source organic compounds nature thought impossible synthesize laboratory nature vital force missing friedrich wohler synthesized urea compound found urine inorganic materials experiments wohler evaporated solution inorganic salt ammonium cyanate heated solid discovered substance formed analyzed found urea results wohler synthesis known scientists began attempt prepare organic materials deal success gradually vital force theory abandoned profusion organic compounds today million known organic compounds discovered
question active areas chemical research today field biochemistry implies concerned chemistry takes place living systems modern biochemist views living organism collection organic molecules interact environment unique special isolated living system biomolecules lifeless obey laws chemistry thermodynamics examined goal biochemist understand functions intricate interactions molecules give rise phenomenon call field biochemistry large complex certainly hope explore fully single chapter content examine types biomolecules apparent functions operations living cell nearly compounds found living system composed primarily carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen sulfur part depend carbon molecular backbone general molecules large molecular weights ranging million cases macromolecules constructed small number simple molecules purpose discussing kinds biomolecules place nearly classes proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proceed remember expected memorize names formulas compounds discuss chapter concentrate types molecules involved combine general features resulting structures
chemistry study matter behaves look matter continuous smooth piece metal rough textured piece wood stone glass fluid water balloon full air matter ultimately discontinuous built individual atoms kinds properties greek philosophers considered idea lay fallow manchester schoolteacher named john dalton started road modern chemistry chapter chemical principles concerned nature atoms differ built smaller particles rest course concerned working important consequence deceptively simple statement matter composed atoms atom consists positively charged nucleus surrounded negatively charged particles called electrons positive charges equal negative charges atom charge electrically neutral atom mass nucleus mass electron mass lightest nucleus hydrogen nucleus heavy small compared size atom radius typical atom angstroms radius nucleus atom enlarged size earth nucleus feet diameter easily rest inside small football stadium nucleus atom protons neutrons protons neutrons nearly equal masses differ charge
scientific theory quantitative predict happen extent calculate advance prediction testable seen correct increasing confidence theory frequently important seen incorrect causing revise improve theory scientific theories grow continual destruction rebuilding theory predicts possibly tested conveys information worthless importance precise measurement mass chemical reactions escaped greek philosophers escaped medieval european alchemists metallurgists iatrochemists medicinal chemists french chemist antoine lavoisier realize mass fundamental quantity conserved chemical reactions total mass products formed precisely total mass starting materials principle lavoisier demolished accepted phlogiston theory heat showing substance burns combines element oxygen decomposing giving mysterious universal substance called phlogiston principle conservation mass cornerstone chemistry total mass conserved number type atom present chemical reaction matter intricately atoms combine rearrange molecules energy conserved chemical reactions chemist means heat absorbed chemical reaction heat reaction matter reaction carried step
word gas comes gaos dutch form word chaos gases substances understood chemically solids liquids easy identify differentiate idea kinds ayres slowly carbon dioxide prepared limestone hydrogen discovered nitrogen oxygen gases late identified substances physical properties explained terms simple laws fortunate matter elusive subjected temperature pressure behaves according rules simpler solids liquids follow tests atomic theory ability account behavior gases story present chapter trapped sample gas measure mass volume pressure walls container viscosity temperature rate conducting heat sound measure rate effuses orifice container rate diffuses gas chapter show properties independent related simple theory assumes gases consist moving colliding particles important hypotheses development atomic theory amedeo avogadro proposed equal volumes gases temperature pressure equal numbers molecules means density gas weight unit volume grams milliliter proportional molecular weight gas
final ph small amount base raised ph units larger quantity began exceed capacity buffer allowed ph increase unit bicarbonate buffer efficient buffer keeping blood ph table shows pka pka ph unit lower desired ph ratio bicarbonate carbonic acid hydrogen sulfide phosphate buffers choices reason course hydrogen sulfide phosphate present appreciable quantities bloodstream carbon dioxide present byproduct respiration evolution makes hand ideal abstract harvard biologist stephen jay gould remarked arguments evolution living creatures special creation patchwork opportunistic devices built metabolism situation put designer shame sodium chloride solution neutral ph reasonable sodium hydroxide strong base hydrochloric acid strong acid equal amounts added neutralization complete contrast sodium acetate salt strong base weak acid intuitively expect sodium acetate solution basic acetate ions salt combine water form undissociated acetic acid hydroxide ions called hydrolysis reaction implication breaks crystals sodium acetate
early development chemistry chemists recognized elements similar properties earliest classification scheme divisions metals nonmetals metallic elements lustrous appearance malleable hammered thin sheets ductile drawn wires conduct heat electricity form compounds oxygen basic nonmetallic elements characteristic appearance generally conduct heat electricity form acidic oxides elements discovered knowledge physical chemical properties refined clear divisions elements existed families elements properties slightly systematically varied elements metalloids possessed properties intermediate divisions development periodic table credited mainly russian chemist dmitri mendeleev german chemist lothar meyer worked essentially system independently simultaneously scientific projects merit mendeleev conclusions based forerunners concerned need categorization elements included knowledge chemical properties specifically types formulas compounds hydrogen oxygen careful combining weight experiments led consistent set atomic weights physical properties rationalized things appearance melting boiling points densities heat required vaporize elements mendeleev summarized periodic law follows properties chemical elements arbitrary vary atomic weights systematic original published table shown figure lacks inert gases discovered
beginning twentieth century scientists generally believed physical phenomena divided distinct exclusive classes class included phenomena laws classical newtonian mechanics motion discrete particles class included phenomena showing continuous properties waves outstanding property matter apparent dalton built discrete particles material substances continuous water mercury salt crystals gases eyes nuclei electrons constitute atoms fundamental particles nuclei discover quickly material substance universe composed number basic units quantized objects continuous minuteness individual units contrast light considered collection waves traveling space constant speed combination energies frequencies planck einstein bohn showed light observed conditions behaves occurs particles quanta french physicist louis de advanced complementary hypothesis matter possesses wave properties de pondered bohn atom asked nature quantization energy occurs naturally obvious answer vibration string fixed ends violin string vibrate selected set frequencies fundamental tone entire string vibrating unit overtones shorter wavelengths wavelength vibration fails node place amplitude ends string impossible mode vibration figure
shape molecule trigonal bipyramidal lone pairs surrounding central phosphorus atom axial bond lengths equal equatorial bond lengths axial bond experiences repulsions compared repulsions equatorial positions predict axial bonds longer equatorial bonds interactions larger interactions electron pair repulsions decrease rapidly distance pairs increase experimentally axial bond lengths compared equatorial bond lengths consider molecule bond pairs lone pair surrounding sulfur atom place lone electron pair according vsepr method prohibitive repulsion lone pair lone pair order lone pair bond pair bond pair bond pair worst repulsion lone pair bond pair lone pair place lone pair equatorial orbitals repel bonded pairs angle axial orbital repel pairs vsepr choice equatorial placement lone electron pair results smaller number interactions place lone pairs equatorial orbitals predict shapes shown figure equatorial position lone pairs result distortions idealized angles bonds
sulfuric acid principal chemical substance produced united states early annual production million tons main manufacture fertilizers chemicals oil refining sulfuric acid contact process oxidized catalytically divanadium pentoxide platinum metal elevated temperatures reacts vigorously water gas bubbled produce pyrosulfuric acid combined water produce sulfuric acid lewis acid base adduct formation reaction ammonia gas hydrogen chloride gas white cloud particles solid ammonium chloride result species lone pair electrons lewis base potentially react lewis acid electrophile predicting adduct revert starting materials rearrange stable product stable molecule requires amount chemical experience able recognize potential reaction occur lewis electron dot structure molecule saw chapter provide clues reactivity excess electron pairs deficiency suggests substance undergo lewis addition lewis acid base adduct formation positive center molecule ion attracted electron pair negative center examples point coordinate nitrogen center molecule lone electron pair potential lewis base equation representative reactions amines lewis acids
molecular orbital method applied diatomic molecules logical starting point understanding polyatomic systems general method constructing molecular wave functions polyatomic molecules atomic orbitals linear combinations electrons molecular orbitals localized atoms polyatomic molecule delocalized atoms model conceptually lewis picture electrons atoms equivalent chemical bond alternative method dealing complex molecules localized atom molecular orbitals emphasize localized bond theory chapter simple framework discussion ground properties molecular geometry delocalized molecular orbital theory discussing bonding molecules benzene resonance structures needed lewis formulations treat bonding benzene application delocalized molecular orbital theory byryllium hydride linear structure localized bonding molecular orbitals form equivalent valence orbitals centered directed hydrogen atoms ha hb accomplished hybridizing mixing orbitals give equivalent sp hybrid orbitals shown figure hybrid orbital spa directed ha strongly overlaps orbital hybrid orbital spb directed hb strongly overlaps orbital scheme bonding molecular orbitals formed making equivalent linear combinations localized atoms localized molecular orbitals shown figure
mean values bond energies table calculate expected heat formation molecule elements cases method works paradoxically cases method calculated heat formation differs sharply experimentally measured occurs sign simple picture bonds pairs atoms bond energy calculations tool learning bonding molecules small hydrocarbon molecules known carbon atoms ring carbon hydrogens bonded simplest cyclic hydrocarbons structures let compare expected heats formation molecules observed values table line total bond energy molecule energy molecule isolated carbon hydrogen atoms line energy needed requisite number atoms graphite gas difference line calculated heat formation measured line agreement cyclohexane progressively worse molecules smaller cyclopropane molecule expected kj mol stable component elements actually kj mol stable molecule kj mol stable expected basis bonds bonds energy levels diagrammed figure reason unexpected instability cyclopropane molecule highly strained
important physical quantity equation number ways obtaining putting perfect crystal provided course molecules indistinguishable motionless packed neighbors means absolute temperature perfect crystal motionless molecules contrast equivalent ways building liter gas temperature pressure individual positions molecules gas individual speeds gas match specifications total number molecules kind total energy mole correct gases satisfy conditions alike observer follows gas large ln positive number ln greater course perfect crystal entropy warmed individual molecules begin vibrate equilibrium positions crystal lattice ways constructing vibrating molecule crystal look external observer entropy crystal rock salt room temperature comparable quantity gas boltzmann crucial connection thermodynamic entropy disorder situation definite put small number ways recognized minds orderly situation reproduced thousands millions entirely equivalent ways disorderly
liquid strange substance principles govern behavior solids gases understood govern behavior liquids marvel liquids behave exist theory reasonable crystalline solid melt fluid molecules initially touching heating molecules move faster farther gas produced sharp transition fluid properties theoretical possibility diagrammed figure plot volume mole temperature real substances actually behave called critical pressure pc atm atm lower pressures behavior shown figure molar volume increases slightly melting point point makes sudden jump boiling point tb liquid gas point point molecules contact liquid pulled touch collide rebound scan thermodynamics tables appendix notice designation liquid rarely appears illustrating unusual liquids substances crystalline solids gases relative scarcity liquids nature obscured overwhelming abundance liquid doubly nontypical expands contracting solidifies chapter introduction properties solids liquids gases thermodynamics transitions phase conditions equilibrium phases
important aspects chemical reactions illustrated mechanism lack completeness reactions catalysts molecule unstable intermediate decomposes produces bromobenzene molecules break yield reactant result syntheses mixture desired end product component hopefully major range products challenges chemical synthesis devise procedures synthetic pathways maximize yield desired product obvious step synthesis involved synthesis produces essentially single product seen catalyst substance accelerates chemical reaction providing easier pathway reaction mean uninvolved plays important part stepwise mechanism previously outlined end reaction regenerated original form general defining behavior catalyst mixture remain room temperature appreciable reaction introduction small amount platinum black instant explosion platinum black effect butane gas alcohol vapor cigarette lighters platinum black wheel flint manufactured soon ceased operate poisoning catalytic surface impurities butane gas tetraethyl lead similarly poisons catalytic converters control auto emission cars run lead free gasoline platinum black acts catalyst aiding dissociation diatomic gas molecules adsorbed surface
hair wool keratins helices twisted threads strands cables fibers manipulate silk chains stretched full length helix cross connected hydrogen bonds sheets illustrated figure globular proteins strands fully extended fully helical bending molecule compact myoglobin figure amino acids protein chain coiled lengths helix lettered folded compact molecule helices form pocket heme group fits oxygen molecule binds iron heme hemoglobin constructed similar lines myoglobinlike units figure small protein cytochrome figure room helices amino acids spun heme group cocoon leaving edge exposed larger enzymes trypsin amino acids carboxypeptidase amino acids regions center molecule protein chain zigzags parallel antiparallel strands held hydrogen bonds silk purpose enzyme provide surface substrates molecules acted bind facilitate formation rupture bonds molecules site surface enzyme activities place called active site enzyme functions recognition catalysis indiscriminately bound molecule spend small proportion catalyzing reaction supposed catalyze
mentioned chapter nucleus atom composed main fundamental particles protons neutrons called nucleons positive charge equal number protons number atomic number neutral atom number electrons nucleus protons nucleus outer electrons give atom chemical properties neutral atoms number electrons protons classified element atomic number identifies element total number protons neutrons nucleus mass number atoms number protons numbers neutrons called isotopes representation isotope atomic number written left subscript symbol element mass number written left superscript mercury isotope protons neutrons written hg mass nucleus atomic mass units amu nearly equal mass number amu defined exactly twelfth mass atom carbon isotope amu mass conversions inside cover elements found nature mixtures isotopes hydrogen isotopes occur nature proportions table nuclei isotopes proton proton neutron proton neutrons mercury isotopes neutrons protons neutrons
butchers floorsmen beef boners trimmers knives scarcely find person thumb base slashed till mere lump flesh pressed knife hold hands criss crossed cuts longer pretend count trace nails worn pulling hides knuckles swollen fingers spread fan worked cooking rooms midst steam sickening odors artificial light rooms germs tuberculosis live supply renewed hour beef carried hundred pound quarters refrigerator cars fearful kind began clock morning wore powerful worked chilling rooms special disease rheumatism limit chilling rooms wool pluckers hands pieces sooner hands pickle pelts sheep painted acid loosen wool pluckers pull wool bare hands till acid eaten fingers tins canned meat hands maze cuts cut represented chance blood poisoning
aim book help readers understand political arrangements institutions characteristic society grapple implications political phenomena lives compare political society understanding social systems institutions involves twofold process factual understanding principal relationships consideration capacity making judgments ultimate worth relationships text devoted detailed description empirical factual processes involved complex american politics purpose chapter demonstrate informed judgments worth american political arrangements tend evaluate political social economic practices carelessly working base common sense unexamined prejudices informed evaluation hand requires clearly articulated consistently applied set standards compare practices course standards evaluating american political ranging efficiency equity uniting description evaluation parts process understanding text evaluative standards reasonably evolve empirical analysis concern general distribution goods benefits services burdens american society questions immediately arise observes distributions fair questions subsumed category customarily termed social justice
citizens uninformed uninterested irrational political areas remain apathetic especially system works system works widespread popular involvement follow functional apathy apathy evenly distributed population correlated strongly stratification system top social strata likely participants bottom thankful primarily masses find according sociologist seymour martin lipset extremist millennial religious movements implying rigid fundementalism dogmatism irrationality prejudice insecurity instability simplistic views personal concerns intellectualism authoritarianism light picture uninvolved potentially dangerous mass regret noninvolvement vote groups heave sigh relief things untapped pool mobilized source extreme danger instability democratic system united states according view depend mass population support democratic principles practice turn system continue operate jefferson profound skepticism elites contemporary political scientists believe survival democratic systems depends elites repository democratic values political scientist key reviewing evidence public opinion studies seemingly demonstrate persons upper reaches society likely lower hold democratic norms tolerance belief free speech openness public opinion playing rules rejection total politics argues critical element health democratic order consists beliefs standards competence constitute opinion leaders political activists order
civil rights demonstrations officials regularly arbitrarily due process terminated benefits welfare recipients exercising amendment rights peaceful demonstrations occupants public housing similarly involved found shelter antiwar activists broken law occasionally denied government funded student loans vietnam war police pointed case panthers exercise wide discretion street variety weapons harass dissidents effective weapon overenforcement minor laws prevent gatherings freedom association dissemination leaflets freedom speech citing obstructions traffic loitering creating public nuisance support action interest public order police officials regularly deny parade permits dissident groups patriotic civic groups similar problems agencies ranging local police central intelligence agency regularly matter policy infiltrate disrupt undertake wide scale surveillance dissident organizations practices certainly destabilize legal political organizations undermine public support chilling effects recent reagan administration especially alert contagious effects information ideas major effort stop virus control congressional approval full concurrence nation highest courts attempted cut flow information government deny america opportunity hear critical points view foreign visitors ensure american travelers inoculated contact dangerous ideas
income pyramid child blocks layer portraying income peak higher eiffel tower yard ground chapter inequalities characterize america inequalities doom abject poverty bless opulence leisure chapter refutes cherished persistent deeply held beliefs holds middle class affluent society society poverty extreme wealth decline equality condition slowly steadily reality result americans participate american dream case widely held myths grains truth discerned hope demonstrate surprisingly small percentage americans owns share american dream severe maldistribution american affluence structured social class lines affairs inherent capitalism begin consideration distribution income united states primarily obvious relationship money spend quality market capitalist system united states fewer social services provided government western nation relationship income quality significant americans pay pocket credit borrowing benefits economically developed societies provide matter citizens higher education health care care children retirement
data demonstrate existence highly unequal distribution wealth income united states discernible trends narrowing gap rich poor income wealth gap appears widening significantly recent attempted point income wealth distribution interest implications quality groups society measures terms access security legal justice nutrition housing political power quality remains tied income property point analysis merely claimed relationship exists quality class position relationship evident offer concrete evidence unfortunately easy measure quality component quality measure distribution add needed single indicator quality component considered central important reasonable represent concept health nearly perfect measure quality reasonable health person largely barred enjoying things considered part health social group greatly influenced component parts quality nutrition security housing clean air finally health important indicator quality simply believe
extent pointed chapter decision owners managers giant corporations wide range business matters simply vast size corporations help shape character american society decisions investment job design technological innovation plant location financing provide context americans play create set problems largely define sphere activities government set boundaries politically labor unions united states hand virtually say issues government minor voice fact american corporations exercise power politics public affairs ways direct section examine important forms sources corporate political power illustrate eminent economist charles lindblom forced conclude recent book politics markets observation large private corporation fits oddly democratic theory vision fit obvious source political social power giant corporation enormous wealth access dominant position american economy need belabor point recall lump handful largest banks utilities insurance companies food marketers transportation companies top hundred industrial firms group accounts predominant portion economic activity america measured output receipts profits
learned book american economic social cultural legal systems heavily biased needs interests wants privileged individuals groups classes nation learned interest group system purported pillars democratic politics united states biased extent heavenly chorus sings distinctly upper class corporate accent learned say corporations organized exercise political power ways group begin match exercise political power working class unions hand anemic prospects social justice democracy setting matter terms defined look terribly promising justified calling citizens democracy generally assumed lay professional political scientists alike free elections main guarantee touchstone democracy election open person vote basis compensates inequalities american citizen exercise voice affairs government scholar put elections unique institution democracy viable democracy requires meaningful elections citizen choose leaders cornerstone democratic government elections offer individual effective opportunity register support incumbent leader preference change hands democratic citizen ballot potent weapon ensuring democratic government
nixon fuzziness foreign policy issues part larger approach campaign reported nixon pursued conscious strategy avoiding issues feeling strongly lost election kennedy attention kennedy focused appearance public relations marketing strategies nixon reported prior campaign mistake true word launching sophisticated television candidate packaging campaign conducted point hubert humphrey losing democratic candidate articulated meaning election debate issues declared supporters nixon election consternation alarm able statement didn matter run candidate victorious re aware necessity leaders parties pull matters national concern president going help laudable sentiment level suggests essential triviality elections level election appeared glance reenact ideological election roles parties reversed appearances deceptive successful campaign nomination senator george mcgovern significantly liberal positions major democratic politicians respect counterinsurgency war foreign policy business regulation taxation worked real sense nomination reason believe campaign fought issues stress clearly liberal program clearly conservative program republicans
social movements american history outsiders sought place bargaining table powerful privileged left residue public policy united states democratic absence gains achieved agrarian populists women labor black americans symbolic course american history especially twentieth century outsiders someimes able elbow table part forming political agenda play role determining government american political system completely fixed static responds powerful threats order security tranquility arise disruptive agitational politics system responds grievances expressed group turmoil choose repress forcefully directly indirectly rarely manner seriously addresses source grievances require challenging basic foundations social order government attempt seriously ameliorate condition disadvantaged groups require attack class system distribution social rewards privileges wealthy large scale business enterprise government generally responds grievances degree deflate turmoil remove disquieting influences turmoil subsides government roll gains achieved protest movements dynamic places political history
agrandizement presidency takes concrete forms important growing mystique imperial symbolism surround office development odds custom practice early days republic instructive bit sobering note president jefferson habit retiring washington boarding house stand line boarders patiently waiting dinner behavior unthinkable today present threat assassination aura attaches office think trappings surround modern presidency imposing official residences elaborate unofficial special presidential theme played ceremonial functions bands security forces deployed minor stop presidential travels sizable personal staff serve conceivable need president family television press conferences addresses presidential portrait hanging prominently post office hushed tones attitudes assumed presence president reported instance robert kennedy private addressed brother john kennedy president constant press attention lives opinions members presidential family contrast george washington staying common inns travels abraham lincoln shining shoes truly staggering mystique surrounds institution expressed journalist theodore white description power behave presence greater power president potential president
president growing responsibility conduct nation business accelerated congress recognition incapable providing specific policy direction areas government activity tends delegate president deal discretionary power increasingly problem areas american visible congress constructs broad vague guidelines president appointees policy increasingly congress guidelines leaves executive departments fill details details important guidelines examples delegations numerous mention war congress granted president woodrow wilson extraordinary powers manage economy action political scientist rexford tugwell called fanatastic expansion executive power known american experience tariffs imported goods generally set president limits authorized congress president granted power vary rate interest equalization tax regulate foreign investments balance payments congress granted president reorganize executive branch order effect budgetary savings federal salary act authorized president adjust salaries close gap public private pay scales congress transferred responsibility power formulating federal budget president employment act congress authorized president report economic health united states formulate plan ensure economic stability economic prosperity full employment
evident cultural mechanisms sufficient protection capitalist institutions obvious repression resort blunt instrument overuse undermine widespread sense legitimate authority essential social stability central task managing social discontent programs form commonly known welfare diverse domestic government programs seemingly redistribute resources poor weak elderly grant role political organized labor regulate activities business enterprises serve public interest remainder chapter address issues eye understanding role programs play enhancing lives americans maintenance corporate hegemony unmistakable trends economic concentration transfer operations overseas locations delimitation areas economy open small medium sized business lead inexorably problems surplus exploited labor set relationships inherent forms capitalism exaggerated modern form corporate capitalism united states normal course development capitalism process discarding unwanted labor driven competition capitalist sponsored technological advance reorganization result decreasing amount labor required produce output goods services capitalism race expand production fast pace productivity gains alternative unemployment underconsumption crises
periods regulatory reform designed allow business essentially regulate broad regulatory initiatives formulated spanning late sixties practically seventies period powerful consumer public interest movement managed mobilize public opinion legislative support regulation wide range business activities harmful public health safety examples follow environmental protection agency created regulate business activities contributed air water pollution occupational safety health administration directed efforts improving wholesomeness environment nuclear regulatory commission received mandate formulate tough standards construction nuclear power plants considerably slowing rate construction consumer product safety commission power ban unsafe products marketplace reformers appointed federal trade commission induced step enforcement antitrust laws scrutinize advertising claims fellow reformers federal communication commission moved commission conduct investigations nature children television programming ownership patterns media broad ranging programs irritant business seriously increased normal costs operation short run business unified attempts resist roll regulatory tide unable resist aroused politically sophisticated consumer environmental public interest movement short period american history important section policy united states directed correction worst abuses industrial capitalism
socialist society production guided pursuit private aggrandizement accumulation profit social purposes determined democratically politically active participatory live conditions substantial equality production social form consequence social direction socialist society direction social production removed service abstract economic principles profit reoriented service human beings society production serve end betterment lives human beings provide means needs met capacities cultivated production accumulation ends stand head slaves machinery created production directed owners capital elite political leadership reintroduce inequality social distinctions passive citizenship socialist view production directed service human needs capacities determined handful persons decisions leading production definition contradiction implied social production concept direction autonomy personal growth active participation social decision making attractions system production directed human purposes satisfaction greed immediately obvious production consciously directed fulfillment human needs capacities puts things priorities proper order avoids irrationalities externalities waste social injustices inherent system commodity production
american political system encompasses set constitutionally derived formal institutions legislatures executives courts extraconstitutional formal institutions political parties interest groups informal personalized relationships exist legislative executive judicial branches government present conflicts inherent struggle power political parties interest groups politics ending process individuals groups attempt control individuals groups hundred politics american context tied fashion constitutional base united states constitution heart american political system despite political social economic place nation grown size population constitution adopted legitimize political decisions rooting constitutional authority congresses legislate broad scope article presidents act authority article ii courts lean implications language articles iii states claim sovereign rights reserved powers clause tenth amendment congress argue determine aspects rights commerce proper clauses article point simple hearken constitution source authority constitution part ambiguous omits reference political parties acquired layered encrustations precedent tradition constitution symbol nation legal political unity
philadelphia convention remarkably successful turned reflecting current attitudes objectives sufficiently gain acceptance providing scheme enduring flexible historical scholarship convention membership offered variety explanations remarkable success century country history constitution tendency ascribe demigod status framers ultimate perfection clearly terms unique inspired performance professor charles beard published volume entitled economic interpretation constitution united states veered opposite extreme document drawn conspiratorial fashion group call today establishment possessors wealth beneficiaries scheme protected fostered economic activity recent revisionist school displaced neo revisionist point view specifically attacks beardian economic thesis thrust argument return demigod theory denial conspiracy hypothesis related assumptions beard claimed find direct relationship national economic interests convention beard critics brown mcdonald compiled considerable list localized economic interests states stood gain lose adoption failure scheme found broad correlations property holding support convention neat pattern national economic groups involved process disputations historians concern specific terms
federal principle affected operation political system federalism meant levels government interest demands voiced policymaking processes place interest groups effect choice approaching governments requests aid protection national government playing levels government times bounced problems matters hands refused deal happen powers defined defined precisely avoid ambiguity fix absolute responsibility federal division power impact structuring extraconstitutional institutions american political parties case point existence federal system emphasis constituency district representation congress electoral college system national parties decentralized weak nationally stronger unified level turn affects greatly role party system terms national level ways federalism imprinted outline operation system turn federal scheme altered changing pattern interests evolving national economy places look changing pattern interests changed federal system congress power regulate interstate foreign commerce article section clause general framers mind provision obvious
reluctantly house judiciary committee found thrust events aftermath watergate investigation impeachment president united states believed judiciary committee events july unfolded impeachment recommendation impeachment vote house unlikely generally speaking house judiciary committee chairmanship democrat peter jersey consisting twenty democrats seventeen republicans decide president rightfully impeached abuse power impeachment hinge solely apparent alleged criminal act president held indictable impeachment removal thirds vote senate define abuse power exactly impeachable offense committee decide actions president nixon watergate break justified impeachment removal approaches impeachment committee deliberations watched avid interest national television audience president defenders generally took line president rightfully impeached alleged criminal act criminal act magnitude impeaching president abuse power solid evidence commitment crime constitutional nightmare politically untenable presidency president detractors argued abuse power broad embrace impeachment constitution ample evidence inference president involved obstruction justice attempting call intense investigation watergate cover perjury suggesting initiating statements aides federal grand jury fbi illegal activities brought orders subordinates
united states pluralistic nation diversification widespread heterogeneity multiplicity interests point belabored worth repeating madison recognized truism country contained million consisted atlantic coastal states madison contended diversity ameliorate evils inherent democracy institutional checks balances structured madison faith ordered republic ambition counter ambition savory side human nature lead abuses government united states grown lines earlier suggested madison nation composed million embracing states east coast continent miles pacific ocean hawaii vast mixing bowl cultures religions classes races ethnic extent economic groups matter dissects united states variety groups reflecting countless interests found member distinctive groups pulls specific direction directions coincide groups belong consciously minority sort combination minorities numerical majority hypothetical set circumstances john spencer white high school education roman catholic dairy farmer rural society member county national farm bureau organization marine veteran korean war member american legion grange church group strong believer male superiority women registered democrat
economic factors bring pressure groups important legislation pending congress congress wrestled issue taxes price controls natural gas pressure groups representing coal oil natural gas industries argued lower taxes price controls natural gas industry pointed pressure group natural gas supply committee increased taxes natural gas paid consumers form higher prices price controls tend limit natural gas production decontrol prices industry argued production increase wells drilled resulting hoped lower prices slower increase price natural gas consumer president carter lift part controls price natural gas president reagan completed freeing natural gas prices administration coal oil pressure groups important american petroleum institute oppose high taxes government price controls industries products common denominator brought nation utilities companies represented number regional pressure groups mutual concern higher prices natural gas natural gas essential starting coal oil fired electricity generating plants settled goal getting congress exempt federal taxes continued natural gas ostensibly price electricity consumers reasonable level antitax stand bolstered automotive industry vehemently opposed gasoline taxes pump
governmental decentralization derived federalism separation powers heterogeneity america traditions generally forces national parties broker type national party agent bringing divided loyalties national local constituencies belief party national levels represents interests diversification society society focus united nation pressure groups centrifugal tendency society political party centripetal tendency centripetal element political parties act brokers consensus gathering force purpose selecting govern set terms office party authority structure organization distinct patterns power distributed groups subgroups government authority structure similar division sit places government interact sit places party control holds elective office holds important party position broker government party hand unusual find party leader local level county chairman broker party broker concept national level links nation constitutional framework structure social forces parties help perform function organizing amorphous public party especially election campaign level broker ideas politician personification brokerage ideas clarify confuse systematize explain confound bewilder voters
american political party rests columns organization candidates electorate organization interested maintaining winning elections putting combination forces win leaders political organization background party remain positions prestige power candidates want political power public realm share goal scenes activists electorate seeks honest times imaginative government solve problems american politics basically politics pragmatism carry step detailed illustration generally granted united states class divisions result argument goes country class parties case europe analysis difficult understand improved research socioeconomic groups identifiable patterns class behavior unconscious graphs charts social scientist higher individuals social economic positions greater chances vote republican lower likelihood vote democratic stated earlier major parties differ public issues party nationally appeal entire electorate party system continually appeal narrow interests class grouping order remain viable heinz eulau argued parties beginning evolve early political system mutual adjustment class party taking place
legislature body persons interests represent partisan loyalties large body act effectiveness dispatch means force confrontation issues extract decisions based issues leaders vested interest decisions means bringing american congress party cohesion assure results nonresults individual members bit compromising incentives rooted home districts states worry individually depends position power heirarchy congressional structure collectively congress constituency protected executive branch court bicameral nature congress makes house constituency versus house extension checks balance concept lead complicated confusing slow acting body members constantly compromise bring positive results presidents tried move congress quick action legislative programs discovered points significance internal functioning congress legislative body basically committee system leadership roles congress designed facilitate job legislating compromising interest demands precede legislating begin recognize role party organizing congress party vehicle organization congress realized outset word party means congressional party
concept cabinet constitution depends large measure president wants department secretaries important collective force administration president eisenhower merely collection individual departmental heads president kennedy johnson reduce status subordinates ranking members white house staff president nixon victory president ford moved opposite direction predecessor attempted upgrade department secretaries jimmy carter president told nation department secretaries important helping formulate executive policy case previous republican administrations met cabinet publicized meetings show carter stated giving secretaries leeway administering affairs departments takes administration pattern administrative control policymaking emerge clearly evident president reagan took office intention making cabinet true deliberative body describing gubernatorial style plans elected columnist david broder july reagan cabinet circle advisors board directors office apparently refined ideas functioning cabinet centered setting cabinet councils responsible considering policy assigned areas concern secretary responsibility national security council established law
theodore roosevelt presidency personal tour de force faced real crisis foreign domestic restless energy craving achievement caused activist president civil war major contribution chain precedents developing adroit vigorous medium mass press presidential leadership woodrow wilson transformed professor observer white house incumbent similar contributions inaugurated regular presidential press conference means tapping potential newspaper medium reviving dormant address person joint sessions congress exploited means increasing impact messages nation presidential leadership fairly dormant woodrow wilson nation condition international isolationism economy prospered stock market crash depression president herbert hoover champion individualism government restraint failed rally congress cope effectively problems depression worldwide election franklin roosevelt began chain events resulted modern model activist president leader legislative process congress responded roosevelt call legislation deal depression enacted measures general aegis deal phrase pressed roosevelt umbrella number programs initiated executive branch roosevelt gathered advisors confidants inside cabinet help formulate national program focus national congressional attention administration
heads cabinet departments difficult task supervising running staffs departments managing internal workings administrative machinery overseeing administration policy laid president departments carrying policies means ride herd vast numbers personnel key positions implement policy hundreds ways president heads departments advisory board full cabinet rest important high level departments today business government unlikely affairs department overlap exists today departments defense times difficult delineate department heads concern agencies allied fields counter policy direction departments directive department commerce interpreted differently interstate commerce commission department justice department heads prepare defend budgetary requests office management budget congress examination entire presidential budget occupies top level executives general safely functions top draw president congress departments line executive appendages fact agency reaches cabinet status department education congress definitely petrified area presidential forest
light position process chief executive principal architect nation financial arrangements congress admittedly piecemeal impact system practice opportunity approve pro forma budgetary plans president president congress staff resources depth analyze agency requests compile defend budget hill congress fiscal staff lack forced aaron wildavsky pointed classic study federal budgetary process rely executive information expenditures justification congress virtually independent means checking arguments receiving favor requests president set frustrations growing vietnam ordeal high handed budgetary tactics nixon administration general feeling congress redress governmental balance favor resulted passage reform legislation mentioned political fact congress solidly democratic exceptions faced especially determined republican president key factor popularizing legislation modest richard nixon efforts cutting social welfare programs slowing rise federal budget totals today light reagan budget revolution call battle democratic congressional leadership congress concluded equip fight fire fire need details latest effort find optimum system federal budgeting
anxious protect groups dependent liberal social programs democratic party enacting days deal house democratic leaders put forward alternative budget reagan sought cut domestic spending increase defense military spending cutting taxes democrats proposed domestic spending reductions areas actually reagan administration calling key democrats alternative substantial reduction defense spending levels reagan wanted house democratic leaders hoped apply money saved area modify social program cuts reagan director office management budget david stockman seeking reallocation upset democratic representatives felt america catch soviet military power quickly bound democratic liberals liberal republicans major part democratic alternative smaller sweeping tax cut president wanted sought specific tax cut democrats wanted tax cut democrats wanted budget committing full reduction tended favor higher income brackets ploy designed obviously enlist support conservatives holding brighter hope balanced budget foreseeable future liberals moderates feared inflationary impact reagan cuts proposal battle tax issue later impact
budget battle bitter appropriations fiscal passed congress supposed funds fiscal october final budget ceiling actually place september passed congress terms final spending ceilings budget fiscal regular appropriations cleared october order sure government continue function past date congress approved stopgap measure form continuing resolution fiscal levels continuing resolution effect november point congress supposedly final budget hand appropriations fiscal ready enacted law president reagan approved continuing resoluton anticipated favorable response congress budget cuts fiscal billion approved july mid october senate republican leaders told president congress unlikely approve billion additional spending cuts domestic programs sought return august recess senate approved vote resolution passed house previous july restoring month minimum social security benefit unamimous senate action october indication administration congress amenable deep cuts domestic side budget august recess senate house conference committee later ironed slight differences senate house versions bill president reagan blessings restored benefit end session ninety seventh congress pl
practical nurses took family sick mother unmarried aunt grandmother neighbors help town liked care sick found widow growing children bring experience earn living woman looking busy children grew left home found money helped small income maybe daughter took care sick mother mother died wonderful find needed women learned running house making comfortable thousands remember educational opportunities practical nursing schools doctors sympathetic professional nurses taught things depend common sense gave practical nurses live women thought practical nursing easy earn living ignorant careless care happened patient sick safe talk licensing laws improve situation practical nurses exactly number practical nurses working hospitals
type mental illness caused emotional disturbances psychologist concerned finding reasons emotional difficulties person behavior abnormal lead reasonably normal injure mentally ill degrees kind mental illness ill mentally healthy poor mental health mentally ill continue leading unsatisfactory lives united states save millions dollars improving mental health trouble difficult find help poor mental health mentally ill need psychiatrists treat mentally ill patients improve mental health difference poor mental health mental illness difference degree satisfactory adjustment health means body mind emotions working efficiently proper balance dominating harmfully chapter discussed wrong ways fit wrong adjustments important effects health doctors give deal attention effects mental emotional attitudes body find complain pain traced emotional difficulties doctor business body working order correct physical difficulties discover means consider patient kind treatment comparatively psychosomatic medicine psycho means mind somatic means body
early scientists field microbiology suspected existence smaller microorganisms invisible eventually existence proven called viruses passed finest laboratory filters named filtrable viruses invisible impossible culture commonly means worked disease problems caused filtrable viruses presence definitely established knew organisms found grow living matter viruses successfully cultured living tissues chick embryos development powerful electron microscope viruses finally visible modern microbiology huge strides study virus pioneers development microbiology modern medicine able look find disease treat source symptoms cure palliate understanding methods transmission disease modern concept preventing starts teaching personal community health practices individuals groups entire nations student practical nursing learn basic facts science understand principles protection patients infection environmental control learn reasons technics employed nursing practice understand apply principles microbiology determine large extent safe nursing practitioner undertaking study details microbiology accept fact microorganisms exist
stated previously central nervous system brain spinal cord human brain center thought weighs pounds divisions located skull largest division brain cerebrum fills upper part cranium cerebrum divided halves hemispheres side cranium cerebrum cerebral cortex soft grayish matter nerve cells underneath white matter nerve fibers connect cells myelin sheaths cover nerve fibers give white appearance cerebral cortex wrinkled folded times greater surface small area divided lobes named overlying cranial bones frontal parietal temporal occipital number special centers cerebrum enable carry associating impressions information knowledge comparing combining knowledge think arrive judgments highest function human mind suggested mental faculties memory reasoning intelligence involve cerebral cortex exactly processes performed known centers cerebrum related hearing seeing moving speaking activities duplicate motor control centers hemisphere left hemisphere brain center controls muscles left side body left center controls muscles side body functional areas cerebrum shown fig
large intestine called large bowel wider small intestine diameter inches feet villi coil lie folds divided areas portion cecum blind pouch inches small fingerlike projection cecum vermiform appendix known function lymphoid tissue tonsils tonsils frequently infected condition called appendicitis cecum appendix located lower quadrant abdominal cavity longest portion large intestine colon continuous tube divided parts taking names course follow ascending colon travels side abdominal cavity transverse colon crosses left side upper part cavity descending colon goes left side pelvis portion called sigmoid sigma greek letter ends rectum rectum inches length terminates anal canal terminal portion large intestine inches opening anus guarded internal external sphincter muscles external sphincter control consciously contracted relaxed valuable food products absorbed small intestine main function large bowel absorption water contents move water absorbed walls large intestine circulation assist maintaining body fluid balance
vitamin equally known chemical ascorbic acid function recognized discovered contributions vitamin vital processes maintenance intercellular substances body bodies vitamin contributes healthy tissues proper functioning blood vessels skin gums bones joints muscles tissues organs body maintenance healthy organs helps provide additional resistance disease present thought vitamin related formation hemoglobin content blood cells patients treated surgery frequently large doses ascorbic acid essential promotes healing wounds century classic disease vitamin deficiency scurvy disease marked bleeding gums loose teeth sore stiff joints tiny hemorrhages loss weight lesser deficiencies affect health causing listlessness irritability lowered resistance disease vitamin unstable vitamins destroyed exposure air drying heating storing vitamin survives longer acid surroundings baking soda added foods cooking counteracts acids tomatoes retain vitamin vegetables acid freezing fruits vegetables helps preserve vitamin content immediately thawing fruits vegetables canned commercially retain vitamin air excluded canning process vitamin destroyed heat water soluble cooking water cooking water juices preparations
applications heat widely treat disease relieve pain heat chilly patient comfortable raise temperature body heat fairly intensive produce desired effect danger danger burns apply heat relieve pain part body order doctor emergency measure apply external heat chills cover patient shock light blankets elevate body temperature heat dilates blood vessels skin brings blood surface warm area stimulates circulation sweat glands result helps remove poisonous wastes body relaxes tense muscles stimulates inactive heat applied parts body stimulates circulation internal organs heat applied feet dilate blood vessels feet relieve congestion abdomen head hot applications opposite desired effect contract blood vessels skin decrease blood supply precautions prevent injury burns reasons nerves skin numbed easily patient feel pain burn especially repeated applications heat parts body especially sensitive heat eyelids neck inside surface arm large applications provide heat skin small infants fair thin skin resistance heat
injection method introducing drugs tissues needle slightly ways principles discussed apply form injection drugs injection liquid form means drug comes tablet dissolved sterile water normal saline solution injection momentarily painful needle pierces skin needle sharp free burrs insertion difficult injection painful needle inserted withdrawn quickly needle smallest gauge type injection injecting solution slowly distributes evenly tissues prevents painful pressure rubbing area needle withdrawn speeds absorption drug sterile equipment giving injections prevent introducing harmful organisms tissues blood stream sterilization steam pressure reliable method hospitals equipment giving injections prepared surgical supply room sterile disposable equipment provided impossible sterilize skin clean cleansing agent antiseptic applied area injection helps reduce possibility infection sterile cotton ball sponge moistened prescribed solution applied point injection moved firmly rest skin area widening circle haphazard wiping drags contaminated material point injection antiseptic preparations commonly cent alcohol phisohex zephiran
morphine recommended relieve pain milder drug especially true pain prolonged illness habit formation sure occur exceptions painful conditions inoperable terminal cancer recovery impossible morphine patient source comfort relief morphine effective pain extreme nurses withhold dose morphine fear encouraging addiction danger habit formation morphine short relieve severe pain damaging symptoms addiction withdrawal symptoms addict deprived drug chap irritable jittery appetite loses weight unable sleep perspires freely complains muscle pains symptoms disappear drug morphine heroin potent addicting forms opium codeine addicting degree morphine addicts drugs barbiturates alcohol opium morphine poisoning result medical overdosage suicide attempt usual dosage gr grain toxic dose gr fatal dose significant early symptoms poisoning slow respirations minute deep sleep constricted pupils emergency treatment begins respiratory stimulants nikethamide caffeine sodium benzoate amphetamine ephedrine breathing decreases dangerously artificial respiration intratracheal oxygen stomach emptied drug mouth strong black coffee hot safe give tube mouth rectum
patient constantly lies position moving legs pressure legs tight strap hard underknee roll interfere venous circulation blood flows slowly inflammation develop clots form stick walls veins thrombophlebitis inflammation vein connection blood clot symptoms include redness area tenderness swelling fever condition caused motion treatment requires keeping leg quiet elevated pillows reduce inflammation swelling patient anticoagulant heparin dicumarol prevent clots forming pillows knees knee gatch taboo postoperative procedures pressure clot dislodged wall vein travels blood stream stuck blood vessel obstructs circulation blood vital organ lung heart death clot called embolus things avoid treatment thrombophlebitis massaging exercising affected leg danger loosening clot blood vessel wall unexplainable temperature elevation days operation redness swelling occurring incision signs wound infection spite antibiotics staphylococcal organisms persist widely demands increased vigilance part nurses prevent infection spreading treatment consists injection antibiotics rest adequate diet build resistance wound drained
heart covered lined membranes membrane lines chambers valves heart endocardium infection membrane inflammation condition known bacterial endocarditis disease nearly fatal antibiotics changed gloomy picture bacterial endocarditis common health problem modern treatment helps control ot disabling patient damaged heart valves susceptible infection especially rheumatic fever congenital heart defects extraction infected tooth childbirth upper respiratory infection release disease organisms bloodstream attack damaged heart valves streptococcus frequent offender signs bacterial endocarditis low grade fever gradually increases patient chills perspires loses appetite loses weight face brownish tinge tiny reddish purple spots petachiae skin mucous membranes anemic disease progresses signs congestive heart failure blood cultures show organism causing trouble large doses antibiotics causative organism sensitive nursing care consists conserving patient energy bed patient making comfortable observed closely fluctuation body temperature rate quality pulse symptoms complications hematuria blood urine pain impaired circulation extremity result blood clot embolus originated diseased valve heart block means contractions heart weakened force send blood auricles ventricles
viral hepatitis liver infection common war ii increase attributed wider intravenous procedures difficulty recognizing carriers disease susceptible hepatitis develop immunity affects primarily children young adults white nonwhites occurs frequently fall early winter viruses hepatitis virus found bloodstream serum hepatitis virus found bloodstream gastrointestinal tract infectious viral hepatitis viruses tough survive extreme temperatures kill organisms home blood bank bottles found blood blood plasma safe serum hepatitis transmitted contaminated fluids intravenously infected needles unsterilized dental equipment viral hepatitis virus transmitted infected food water supply infected food handlers rectal thermometers bedpans feces person disease types infectious affect patient loses appetite nauseated feels sick head aches chills fever stools light colored urine dark jaundiced laboratory tests tell type hepatitis gamma globulin partially successful protection virus useless protection virus patient hepatitis blood banks helpful precaution avoid collecting blood persons hepatitis healthy carriers
past decades dr grantley dick read english obstetrician widely known teachings natural childbirth dr read felt fears unknown processes labor mother tense fear caused tension mother resist muscular forces normal labor prolonged labor causing pain program educating expectant mother childbirth fear led conclusion painless childbirth delivered patients medication labor anesthesia delivery dr read found followers country natural childbirth classes taught clinics physicians offices hospitals nation information presented general attitude eliminate fear anatomy physiology childbearing presented parents learn process progress labor delivery cooperate natural process expectant mother taught exercises help develop general muscle tone strengthen control muscles labor delivery special emphasis breathing technics help mother relax cooperate muscular activities involved labor delivery doctors feel type education accomplishes aims recognized fear aggravates pain situation prevent eliminate fear education ideal patients relaxed cooperative labor shortened doctors regret deplore trend medical advances added safety comfort obstetric patients
rheumatic fever reportable disease killer crippler leading death children stated chapter cent heart disease age million united states form rheumatic fever occurs children ages war ii armed service personnel rheumatic fever attack guarantee immunity contrary increases susceptibility attacks rheumatic fever belongs group diseases called collagen diseases diseases affect connective tissues body specific debated facts known rheumatic fever follows streptococcal infections scarlet fever sore throat caused streptococci authorities believe rheumatic fever results continued infections patient sensitive organism develops type allergic response disease occurs climates respiratory infections common occurs families susceptibility appears inherited symptoms rheumatic fever vary degree mild explosively severe children complain symptoms recognized indicating disease loss weight appetite fatigue irritability signs aches pains tenderness extremities suspicious signs parents ignore growing pains definite symptoms rheumatic fever begin suddenly especially cold sore throat patient complains aches pains arms legs fever varies
nurse held liable damages arising intentional acts invade personal rights protected law civil suits ask damages assault battery false imprisonment restraint movement slander libel patient enters hospital presumably consent treated withhold consent acts surgery giving medications treatments restraining patient protection involve violation rights consent withheld consent verbally cases especially surgery written permission practical nurse obligation follow policies hospital employer matter cases doubt notify superior person protection privacy withhold property public eye stories photographs patient written consent physical freedom personal removed legally conviction crime declaration mental incompetence nurse confine patient liable suit false imprisonment patient rights invaded ways physical damage untrue damaging statements person verbal statements sued slander statements writing suit libel states person involved automobile accident required law give aid person injured accident par law makes hit run driver liable prosecution leaving scene accident
podiatry health profession concerned care human foot podiatrist responsible examination diagnosis treatment medically surgically diseases injuries defects human foot podiatrists treat foot deformities diseases infections order interpret laboratory tests prescribe drugs initiate shoe appliance therapy administer physical therapy perform surgical operations law principal limitations practice podiatrists amputate foot leg anesthetics limited local anesthetics minor differences laws states foot essential part ankle joint podiatrists domain includes joint drug privileges similar exercised dentists addition drugs local foot podiatrists prescribe systematic medication antibiotics pain medicines fungicides vitamins states narcotics podiatrists trained recognize systemic conditions manifest foot refer patients practitioners specialists recognized certified podiatry profession specialty area podiatry postgraduate training requirement foot surgery residency certification specialty areas involves testing practice requirements specialties foot surgery dermatology orthopedics radiology podopediatrics geriatric foot care certified podiatric specialists limit entire practice specialty rule specialists maintain interest field continue engage general podiatry practice
statistics reports show need practitioners young branch healing arts considering career health field qualified student want consider advantages podiatric career doctor podiatric medicine enjoy prestige goes knowledge professional competence hard field health care welcomed vigorous calling ample opportunity personal professional maturity find economic security compares favorably professions health sciences gratification comes making genuine contribution human welfare important field podiatry especially attractive career women hours practice easily arranged fit needs capabilities schools podiatry welcome qualified women equal basis current developments future outlook field podiatry lack manpower hinder growth advent governmental planning field comprehensive health care number podiatry graduates increased percent totally inadequate number students needed meet goal percent increase additional graduates set department labor projection clear comprehensive health care imminently part national scene today ratio medical doctor persons country dentist optometrist podiatrist americans colleges podiatric medicine receiving government grants expand facilities plans additional colleges authors graduated podiatry school income derived private practice
personal qualifications considered desirable career podiatry scientific aptitude manual dexterity business sense ability important mandatory podiatrist health average strength required naturally vision glasses professional person working closely public poise dignity integrity desirable practicing podiatrists found mental agility quality spells difference average podiatrists podiatrists united states podiatrist improvise adapt prosthetics dispenses patients ability borrow materials vocations professions create modality patient daily requirement ability increases practice brings personal satisfaction interesting ingenious borrowing creation dynamic mould devised developed podiatry staff cerebral palsy center roosevelt island york cerebral palsy patients suffer involuntary contractions foot leg muscles feasible plaster casts dynamic mould created aid cases mould podiatrists country materials manufacture follows sawdust fine consistency hard woods mahogany walnut birch pine spruce source material podiatry supply houses stocked local lumber yard local cabinetmaker liquid latex rubber natural latex rubber tires rubber balloons mattersses synthetic latex rubber developed war ii vehicle liquid latex mixed sawdust form semi solid mass
means veterinarians serve society obviously broadened horizons agricultural production addition protecting health livestock veterinarians positions responsibility processing distribution food products food sanitation public health activities including control diseases animals research production pharmaceuticals biomedical research radiation biology space medicine environmental studies human health related disciplines assumed profession especially qualified training serve demands society profession veterinary medicine offers broad services agricultural sector nation economy needs general population advancement technologies agriculture public health american veterinarian significant contributions profession reached point services considerable assistance developed nations nations striving develop standards livestock production human health exist united states veterinary medicine playing key role development young woman exploring careers specifically veterinary medicine fails realize tremendous ramifications field generally image profession acquired association local practitioner manual attempt accentuate importance practitioner keystone profession present half profession support supplement complement practitioner discharge services society today approximately veterinarians united states canada total veterinary schools colleges graduate veterinarians
veterinary history recall significant event occurred play important part development modern veterinary education morrill land grant college act provided federal appropriation states portion public lands advancement agriculture mechanical arts act formal education students veterinary science financial support organization educational facilities veterinary medicine finally position move ahead veterinary history ingredients full recognition success profession decade civil war effort spent analysis determination exact position responsibility newly created parents modern veterinary medicine united states department agriculture american veterinary medical association land grant college studies department agriculture revealed pleuropneumonia spreading westward movement cattle south blackleg abortion glanders tetanus hog cholera foot rot parasitic disease taking toll livestock previously existing estimates annual department agriculture reports accelerating plans land grant colleges transform veterinary science departments colleges veterinary medicine public supported veterinary college opened iowa college present veterinary medical colleges founded ohio cornell washington kansas auburn colorado michigan texas georgia oklahoma california missouri minnesota illinois purdue tuskegee privately owned schools formed late century school university pennsylvania existence
provided knowledge opportunities chosen profession candidate begin analyze personal qualifications determine consistent requirements profession soon learns practice strong constitution physical stamina strength arduous working hours adverse conditions large animals require special understanding enable handle manner short brute force understanding comes course experience obviously young veterinarians reared farm initial advantage urbanite large animal practice fact discourage city dweller experience gain confidence handling livestock animals answer questions veterinarian necessarily possess accute powers observation nature patients deals requires attention normal abnormal reactions reliance subjective cooperation addition veterinarian endowed inquiring studious mind constantly re educate developments techniques provide greater simplicity effectiveness reading current veterinary periodicals participating professional meetings attributes expected professional friendly personality sincerity honesty tact respect colleagues business sense building successful practice member research team teacher positions filled members profession veterinarian member community called part local affairs service society responsible duties unrelated profession
consider physical therapist dear recovered rapidly accident illness physical therapy relieved pain restored function high school college athlete wishes motor skills knowledge coordination endurance building activities help person walk independent girl looks forward love security marriage family desires health career challenge ingenuity requiring study physician objective study vocations arrive conclusion population explosion created limitless vocational opportunities health field physical therapist job choosing career important decisions influence earn living place live meet instances decision marry choice reaching encompassing effects decision emotional practical emotionally want enter service profession enjoy working intellectual social levels workers patients segments population fear resent touching touched physical therapy requires deal close personal contact practically consider job potential spending thousands dollars preparing career overpopulated profession sound
romans extensive hydrotherapy public baths charged adults small fee admitted children free sweat houses forerunner turkish bath sauna hot cold water rooms romans underwater exercises warm springs treat paralysis resulting war wounds pains normal aging civilian population renaissance europe sparked re awakening art literature industrial revolution revived crafts commerce business bakeries arose france doctors ordered stoving arthritic patients patient lifted hot oven bread physical therapists patients fever cabinets essentially thing french revolution surgeon reported favorable results quantities hot water treat wounds later austrian peasant injured horse applied hot packs similar animals cure spectacular famous taught visiting foreign physicians method today hydrocollator packs recently modality cryotherapy ice cold roman emperors snow cool water wine persian caliphs emirs enjoyed sherbets ice treatment widespread produced artificially greek roman physicians recommended cold drinks combat fever russians ice extensively plentiful ice packs reduce high fevers control infections treat wounds meningitis ago treatment diseases central nervous system united states
chinese proverb says picture worth thousand words learn deal history philosophy duties physical therapist reading seeing physical therapist action typical setting teach books start calling local hospital making appointment director physical therapy department interview tour department introduction try experience field ask director department opening vacation replacement aide orderly job apply contact director volunteers inquire serving saturday mornings week summer volunteer jobs aide orderly level scarcer professional positions land job report don skip early boss attending meeting accept job temporary employee application don decide halfway summer canoe trip fun job quit notice leaving deal difficulty department impractical hire weeks working short staffed puts added strain leave difficulties points director department lack maturity depth service career health field give opportunity give recommendation
chapter describes national environmental policy act nepa federal law important opportunities environmental careers sanction environmental ethic applies environmental system ways create economic needs met society turn creates jobs careers define environmental ethic environmental education taught environmental management applied vocationally follow key word interdisciplinary environmental management team interdisciplinary paraprofessionals generalists specialists scientists engineers interested environmental career prepared member team teamwork theme underlying book let look federal law passed congress response public pressures building national environmental act nepa signed law january declared national policy encourage productive enjoyable harmony environment spoke responsibilities generation trustee environment succeeding generations recognized person enjoy healthful environment asserted finally responsibility contribute preservation enhancement environment strong words critical judgments federal law concepts united states nation firm positive commitment preserve protect environment empty language campaign speeches rhetoric nepa created organization unique action forcing device
recognizes exert extraordinary effort clean air water pollution remove unseen hazards carcinogens noise pesticides mercury radiation pick litter clutter civilized society creates discards recycling recovery energy materials economically feasible socially desirable preserve restore land rivers oceans plan balanced natural resources maximum benefit mankind individual voluntary simple assertion stewardship citizenship individual ethical responsibility live ecologically respecting dignity rights assisting enjoyment amenities provided nature mean vocations paid complementary voluntary needs types activities appeal idealism sense worth fulfillment person book guidance manual focus careers treat environmental management principally word humpty dumpty told alice means choose mean traditionally concept applied environmental activities words meant chose mean environmental affairs environmental control environmental health environmental protection environmental research environmental science technology pursuits general agreement environmental quality describes goal environmental management action term referring activities public private undertake achieve goal environmental quality activities book areas jobs careers
environmental paraprofessional taking wide spectrum formal informal training courses community college junior college technical institute training courses offered special unit university designed produce paraprofessionals field related postgraduate studies offered addition job training prepare paraprofessional career apprenticeship largely paraprofessional job complex challenging practitioner called technician technologist aide assistant creative role supporting professional mission environmental management team chapter lightly surveys community colleges curricula fields agriculture natural resources environmental control marine technology hundreds career preparations offered college programs education high school generation ago choice attend college university trade school today community junior colleges live certainly nearby county city supported occasionally private community college general cultural courses composition political science music art philosophy psychology subjects order enhance liberal arts background appreciation courses hone skills hundreds fields career fun tuition costs low community colleges compared private public colleges scholarships degrees associate arts associate science community colleges offer courses night daytime
federal legislative executive branches saw environmental movement arising decade ago began developing proper federal response richard carpenter staff library congress prepared curriculum questionnaire colleges universities responded researchers identified existing potential interdisciplinary environmental studies programs postgraduate schools existing disciplinary undergraduate programs forestry engineering physical sciences merely dreams university administrators important study published title environmental science centers institutions higher education john steinhart stacie cherniack members white house environmental quality staff examined questionnaire responses studied detail multidisciplinary programs highlights report published universities environmental quality commitment problem focused education stated part disturbing note lack humanists programs effective programs shared substantial influence complete control faculty hiring subsequent promotion rewards considerable flexibility introducing course curricula flexible degree programs students working problem areas students interviewed expressed degree dissatisfaction narrow disciplinary training enthusiastic interdisciplinary programs participating expressed concern lack programs colleges universities college university influenced concerns faculty students government industry general public
undergraduate liberal arts colleges environmental studies differ diversity depth kind institutions previous category employ cafeteria curricula offer restricted menus allegheny college small private educational highly selective institution meadville pennsylvania environmental science program takes interdisciplinary approach aquatic freshwater environment environmental sciences majors register rounded schedule biology chemistry geology social sciences focus aquatic environment social economic political implications misuse regulation aquatic resources unique facility environmental laboratory housed greenhouse seasons simulated academic quarter including seasonal conditions found course entire compressed academic marking period laboratory houses foot streams gallon pond artificial ecosystems complete aquatic subsystems created manipulated supplement field trips bachelor degree graduate urged master degree university bachelor aquatic studies intensive additional enironmental studies allegheny graduate highly employable depressed job market duke university durham north carolina considered liberal arts colleges environmental program comprehensive small permits undergraduates design environmental studies including course major ecology environmental engineering marine environment junior student enter program master environmental management degree offered school forestry environmental studies
university tronto toronto ontario canada history environmental concern paralleling universities group concerned professors founded environmental program worked primarily problems lakes approximately faculty involved institute environmental studies wide variety problems water related hard sciences social sciences post graduate level organized working groups air pollution biological monitoring energy environmental education lake watershed noise pollution northern studies oil gas persistent substances physical limnology solid waste management water resources management water quality clear direction give large numbers environmental generalists needed immediately canada contends recent publication institute order meet limited demand environmental generalists faculty arts sciences undergraduate sequence courses environmental studies offered interdisciplinary studies group faculty demand generalists expected expand possibly increased joint activity lakes problems drilling oil gas arctic possibly transporting canada united states canadian american companies sponsor research university toronto university virginia charlottesville modest size students emphasis graduate education prominent fields law government medicine university establishing center scholarship fields environmental management
future oversupply physicians imagined earnings potential private medical practice unlimited physicians public service public health limited openings motivated direction public service medical graduates employed federal government receive annual starting salary completed internship completion residency beginning mid career physician receives highest salary permitted law frequently percent higher professional reaches legal limits professionals catch forms compensation attract qualified physicians environmental health include generous leave travel publications privileges modern laboratory equipment staff support public health physician enjoys regular working hours pleasant working conditions appealing feature government thousands expert physicians employed opportunity generally unequaled interests professional setting dentist osteopath nurse veterinarian pharmacist venerable professional contributed environmental protection public health concerning professionals recommended readings end chapter find literature describing professionals re examine classification find based discipline classify specialists generalists categories environmental protection public health problems
biology ecology closely related sciences fact ecology branch biology concerned forms environments wrote book children environment found rock soil decomposed rock constitutes varied ecological system including air water hundreds organic inorganic compounds countless living things similar book written ecology seemingly insignificant unit clump grass fencepost tree compost pile properly think ecology embracing larger area involving blueprint international biological program ibp nation effort lasting spoke scientists seeking relationship meanings thereof animal animal insect insect plant plant water water climate climate soil ibp landmark biology ecology return later chapter biology ecology basic sciences underlying broad applied fields including environmental protection public health natural resources management problem focused concerned ends discipline focused concerned means addition integrated interdisciplinary involved embody environmental ethic defined chapter practitioners bioscientists scientists discipline called biology ecology bioscientist scientist works living things animals plants microorganisms environments approximately persons scientists according extrapolations bureau labor statistics estimates agricultural scientists medical scientists directly concerned
college placement council reported early graduates biological sciences receiving average monthly salary offers graduates business administration management specialists science engineering agricultural sciences month ranked lower offers biological sciences majors percent period earlier greatest increase curricula business humanities social science engineering sciences percent high beginning month working conditions vary considered unsatisfactory living conditions generally ads science bioscience institution offering opening unlike industry ads blind select section country city institution department institution answering ad biology wide open field women individual receive john alice tyler ecology prize ruth patrick limnologist specialist fresh water studies chairman philadelphia academy natural sciences accompanying honor tax free generous stipend type ecologist biologist scientist word ecology derived greek oikos meaning house ancient greeks suggested concept environment ecologist eugene odum defines follows literally ecology study organisms home ecology defined study relation organisms groups organisms environment science interrelations living organisms environment
range manager responsible managing developing protecting rangelands rangeland seen western movies tv native grazing land covers percent entire land area earth largest single category land billion acres western states alaska rangelands natural resources grass shrubs animal grazing habitats livestock wildlife facilities water sports kinds recreation areas scientific study environment renewable resources yield full potential properly managed range manager called range conservationist range scientist range ecologist manages improves protects ecological system range manager responsible deciding number kind animals grazed practical ecologist selecting season grazing conserving soil vegetation wildlife grazing outdoor recreation watersheds growing timber practical economist optimizing production livestock timber commercial crops restore improve rangelands techniques controlled burning reseeding biological chemical mechanical control undersirable plants satisfaction seeing surroundings change result plow rangelands natural sagebrush vegetation reseed productive grass multiple rangelands spend working performing duties forester wildlife conservationist watershed manager recreationist farmer provide animal watering facilities control erosion build pens fences
soil conservationist responsible supplying farmers ranchers technical assistance landowners organized law soil conservation districts clients chances federal government helping adjust land protect land soil deterioration rebuild eroded depleted soils stabilize runoff sediment producing areas help improve cover lands devoted raising crops maintaining forests pasture rangelands wildlife support addition help plan methods facilities handling water farm ranch conserving water reducing damage flood water sediment draining irrigating farms ranches needed soil conservationist functions varied draw maps portraying soil water vegetation structures compile information including cost benefit analyses costs treatment lands relative benefits expected present maps plans landowner operator answer questions decided plan action conservation farming ranching provide needed counsel technical advice guidance implementation special program soil conservation service scs palins conservation program ten states provide assistance farmers home administration making soil water conservation loans farmers home assist owners private land establishing recreation enterprises national cooperative soil survey inventoried million acres assigned snow surveys water forecasting winter scs personnel cover miles wetern states skis oversnow vehicles aircraft measure snowpak
colleges universities north america offer curricula closely related wildlife fisheries programs located dozen departments agriculture zoology schools grant bachelor degrees qualify start types positions involving surveys land water management habitat improvement assistance experienced personnel research stated times suitable bachelor level say biology college university sufficient beginning job wildlife biology addition grounding physical biological sciences need training liberal arts english languages history culture geography statistics economics food fiber production high school mathematics physics english chemistry biology courses wildlife society recommends acquire group experience committee meetings write high school publications graduating high school wildlife conservation management field choose colleges universities listed wildlife society annual survey enrollments society recommends graduate essential wish research broader phases management administrative teaching listed institutions offer ph personal attributes needed field include health jobs certainly requiring arduous outdoor activity kinds weather remote areas experience hunting fishing helpful fieldcraft hiking mountain climbing camping watercraft discipline courage required outdoor duties scientific nature wildlife conservationist job
environmental management offers exceptional opportunities gain experience add experience age point career federal programs offer unmatched challenges extremely small competition keen department interior employed approximately high school age boys girls weeks youth conservation corps camps addition youths employed territorial ycc projects camps coeducational male female enrollees conservation public lands national science foundation supported high school students student science training projects student accepted works ten weeks project biological physical social sciences technology mathematics site college campus expedition federal program student originated studies supports college students summer conducting research environmental societal problems addition study programs offered federal agencies appendix rules gaining experience maximizing lessons experience teacher volunteer community early childhood developed interest skill horseback riding archery swimming arts crafts identification trees birds elements nature experience group led group coached taught
controlled compromise preferable uncontrolled compromise job despise experience pertinent job goals future controlling compromises compromise able want waiting short intensifying job search moving location working harder find want let assume eventually find suitable job environmental management need improving qualifications schooling live surely university college community college school nearby university system extension program attempts opportunities remote parts correspondence courses television radio videotape techniques extend reach educational institutions reach paraprofessional complete regret scientist engineer degree law economics public administration journalism social science humanities generalist round abilities taking technical studies master degree biology ecology physics chemistry graduate studies law management computer science broad field enhance qualifications feel greatest need culture enroll books course feel civics politics enroll discussion group political party league women voters similar organization feel need gain confidence join toastmasters club enroll public speaking course improve communications english technical writing
functional operational point view say electrical industry begins utility branch initial generation electricity takes place utility plants providing energy heats lights homes powers factories industrial plants motorizes giant machinery fires missiles launching pads powers applicances perform numerous tasks physical effort generation distribution electrical power primary function utility branch constantly growing meet society demands electrical energy population grows demand housing increases creating need electricity electrical energy doubling present growth rate utility branch electrical industry building larger generating units expanding supplementing existing units cope demand construction branch electrical industry covers installation electrical circuits devices appliances equipment responsible final delivery electrical power consumer nation generating capacity increases construction place allow growth annual dollar volume electrical construction exceeds billion based future projections expected continue rise foreseeable future electrical construction industry separated distinct categories inside construction construction inside construction branch subdivided widely recognized segments residential commercial industrial residential jobs cover electrical installed houses related types buildings commercial construction electrical performed commercial establishments supermarkets shopping centers drugstores service stations garages
program known general education development ged set accommodate returning veterans completed high school training american council education developed ged test battery covers disciplines correctness effectiveness expression interpretation literary materials general mathematical ability interpretation reading materials social studies interpretation reading materials natural sciences inception scope program broadened extent states allow older participate department education establishes policies procedures adult resident earn high school equivalency diploma based results ged test department education determines minimum test scores required attain diploma establishes criteria age residency previous high school enrollment requirements admission program regulations vary interested program contact department education specific details administration obtain high school diploma correspondence course instruction number reputable institutions provide home study educational programs enrollees courses persevere student course primarily responsible rate progress veteran armed forces entitled education training veterans readjustment benefits act law important source aid veterans receive benefits training job going high school trade school college
vocational education program specialized education designed provide instruction leading occupational competency term vocational education applies forms education training designed prepare successful employment vocational industrial education includes trade training training industrial occupations vocational industrial education industrial arts involves educating person complements competes general education unlike industrial arts education places major emphasis developing salable skills knowledge vocational industrial education curriculums prepare students specific occupations provide industry source trained workers provide training re training adults unemployed underemployed recently change level vocational education taught trend teaching vocations post high school level contrary past procedure vocational institutions operated high school grade upward movement general education level united states advancement technology automation upgrading vocational industrial education obligation fulfilled today fine trade technical institutes nation offer excellent facilities programs provide students opportunity pursue occupational training relevant needs desires redirection public vocational education program set motion vocational education act moved forward amendments greatly strengthen occupational preparation millions young bound college specifically amendments emphasize vocational training closely related current job markets
ancient papyrus records found egyptians remedies toothaches stone powder ocher iron ore honey tooth powder strengthening teeth resin ocher malachite copper mixture egyptian physicians practiced restorative dentistry wires secure loosened teeth extracted teeth oral hygiene common practice sign hieroglyph washing mouth found surviving papyrus records ancient india china groups physicians professional class training provided students toothbrush recommended medical writings toothbrush twig end frayed provide bristles tongue scraped metal scraper toothpicks chinese physicians acupuncture needles relieve pain treating nearly disease including diseases mouth chinese civilization tooth worm thought responsible decay superstition persisted middle ages europe china central south america decorating teeth common chinese gold covers teeth aztec mayan indians inserted semiprecious stones turquoise jade teeth remedies toothache consisted medicines plants cloves pepper cinnamon poppy seeds ginger copal resin trees mint tobacco treatments combined special incantations poems remedy effective greek physician hippocrates lived century raised art medicine high level school based writings teachings established thirty paragraphs hippocrates books devoted dental treatment numbering system teeth devised
called earliest laboratory technicians silversmiths goldsmiths formed artificial teeth sideline sculpture jewelry making crafts worked independently client dentist help solve client problem artificial teeth dentures america century dentists artificial teeth dentures employed assistants apprentices helped exact date independent laboratories started known beginning century established nearly laboratories united states today operation pattern training technicians developed dentistry apprenticeship training programs accredited training programs programs technicians trained commercial laboratories laboratories require programs continue education share techniques materials technicians formed study groups group guild dental craftsmen york technicians attended group meetings guild craftsmen offered demonstrations dental technology today laboratory technician receives formal education pertinent subjects precise scientific training dental health care field formed associations advancement profession american dental association founded small group dentists meeting niagara falls york group split result war states southern dental association formed groups united form national dental association changed assume original current american dental association
laboratory technician person dental team deal directly patients technician makes variety appliances mouth according specificiations outlined dentist involves construction complete dentures small appliances fixed bridges removable partial dentures crowns inlays corrective appliances dental laboratory technicians dental office commercial laboratory setting technicians products aid patient treatment appliances fit correctly patients look feel members dental team working modern equipment provide health care today understanding dental office team works look part routine office general practitioner show participants interact patient welcomed reception area office visit patient dental medical history dental assistant patient introduced dental hygienist hygienist works small office dental chair patient chart equipment cleaning teeth taking radiographs radiographs patient teeth processed hygienist performs complete cleaning prophylaxis includes removing hardened material calculus surfaces teeth cleaning electric brush providing fluoride treatment procedure include description instructions home care healthy teeth dental hygienist finished cleaning patient meets dentist chairside assistant
knows wheel invented rolling things place beginning means transportation domesticated animals wasn industrial age means propulsion inanimate sources harnessed steam power electricity believed ultimate answer fifteen electricity sold electric vehicles light thomas edison return electric car heyday turn century built ironically electric starter invented gasoline car practical greater greater numbers automobiles part american machines break wear major problem america person buys handful wrenches label mechanic idea mechanic begins fix car plenty money car cheap soon things begin wear car breaks save money begin making minor repairs re fixing cars reason satisfying experience buy tools jobs easier grease fingernails oil blood suddenly re hooked friends asking help fix cars re calling mechanic re peers thing professional
trend specialization repair field look crystal ball find independent general mechanic dying breed specialization shops existence muffler shops tune shops transmission shops alignment shops speaking national tire dealers retreaders association john nerlinger automotive service industries association undoubtedly repair maintenance centers likely offer specialty full service mention engineering later early considerable sizing cars result increase number specialty tools needed repair engines smaller transmissions brake systems smaller engines installed transversely order power front wheel drive cars vehicles vehicle systems grown complex sophisticated going deal specialization single person hard pressed understand adequately systems subsystems automobile mentioned earlier engine functions late model cars handled electronic controls likely need specialists single area computer controls today fraction added future dramatic increase number small engines road result engine failures trusty spark plug valve weak significant problem
service station attendant collects money customer purchases service attendant responsible making charge sales slips verifying customers credit telephone major purchases attendant responsible keeping building grounds clean attractive sweep shop driveway clean restrooms windows responsible stocking shelves taking inventories setting displays keeping business records end person shift responsible taking sales readings gasoline pumps recording gallons dollar sales pump shift attendant computes total sales shift counts money collected balances books shift service stations offer emergency road service attendant responsible driving tow truck boosting dead batteries changing tires performing minor repairs towing cars station familiar service stations basic kinds mechanical repairs service performed motor fuels dispensed cases service station attendant duty serve customer pump island full attendants hours week service stations open days week open majority stations stay open evenings stay open hours result attendant schedule includes evenings weekends holidays outdoors attendant expect weather sunny mild raining snowing
earliest times language drawing important tools mankind written language exact language purposes ancient maps modern missiles figs drawings develop record knowledge progress early drawings progress slower putting mechanical drawings industry supplies goods need industry steadily raised standard living grow twentieth century america find jobs easier mechanical drawing drawings help ensure products buy manufactured standard set designer machines fig parts automobiles drawings engineer pad sketch paper drawings tell workmen factories cars jet airplanes television sets motorboats telephones refrigerators products originate drafting board machines provide food clothing machines inventors engineers describe mechanical drawings civil engineers design highways bridges tunnels airports electronic engineers design radio television sets architects draw plans homes churches schools mechanical drawing plays part drawings explorations travel earth seas air space figs ancient times drew pictures show mind drawings give directions easy builders follow earliest builders crude sketches clay tablets exist
scale represent feet rods miles represent quantities units divisions represent single units multiples parts inch scale represent units scale civil engineering maps chap roads public projects decimal divisions required plotting data drawing graphic charts chap scale drawing presentation purposes graphic scale map drawing chart metric scales fig divided centimeters cm centimeters divided millimeters mm divisions half millimeters divisions scales metric divisions edge inch divisions opposite edge length cm scale approximates length scale cm cm appendix table metric units equivalents metric system france germany italy countries south america countries english system english speaking metric system favored laboratories industries country spark plugs ball bearings industry favors decimal inch system art object large paper drawn full size inches fractions scale measurement put scale paper direction measured short light dash opposite scale fig dash opposite division desired distance
triangle part plane surface enclosed straight lines called sides sides intersect form angles point sides meet called vertex side opposite vertex called base side ab base vertex scalene triangle sides unequal isosceles triangle sides equal angles equal equilateral triangle equal sides equal angles triangle angle ways triangles shown fig draw triangle sides fig draw side desired position ends side centers radii equal sides draw intersecting arcs copy triangles fig view abcd draw required position equal ab construct triangle equal abc triangle equal abd locate points required position copy boxing offsets fig draw rectangle view draw equal rectangle required position draw rectangles view equal rectangles required position locate points draw base desired position ends base centers side radius draw intersecting arcs locate vertex draw side base desired position ends base centers side radius draw intersecting arcs locate vertex draw lines ends base triangle
application graphic language everyday industry science representations differ true projection changed ways reason drawing simpler easier read generally requires drawing treatments called conventional representations correspond idioms everyday talk conventional representations include sectional views kinds revolved rotated parts objects show true shapes simplified drawings called functional drawings diagrams symbols kinds learned interior parts object seen represented hidden lines short dashes art method satisfactory interior detail fairly simple inside details parts shown hidden lines drawing hard read cases views called sections sectional views drawn show object construction cut imaginary cutting plane removing front cutting plane photograph fig shows exterior check valve photograph fig shows valve look cut parallel frontal plane cutaway part removed drawing showing cut valve section sectional view imagine exterior drawing look attempted show complicated interior details hidden lines understand sectional views sectional view obtained supposing imaginary cutting plane front plane removed show cut surface interior details
sketching means shape description study considered chap sketches making drawings machine furniture parts define size material kinds surfaces finished rough limits accuracy information future sketching views object part object add dimension lines exactly views instruments piece examined kind material noted kinds finish location finished surfaces measure piece fill figures tell size purpose measuring tools needed ft rule steel scale pair calipers sufficient purposes machinists tools convenient checking measurements workpiece dimensions drawing student tools flat scale steel scale straightedge ways suggested fig distances read directly measurements finished surfaces inside calipers illustrated shown fig distance points read applying calipers scale calipers removed thickness plain calipers inserting extra piece filler fig transfer calipers distance subtracted total distance obtain desired thickness filler
lock nuts devices prevent nuts bolts screws working loose special devices forms lock nuts shown fig special forms designed provide positive locking locking fastener jay lock fig consists epoxy chemical locking agent combines hardening agent bolts screws engaged strong vibrationproof band cap screws fig fastening pieces passing clearance hole screwing tapped hole cases clearance hole need shown drawing cap screws naturally bright finish keeping machined parts coarse fine threads cap screws class socket head type class dimensions american standard cap screws appendix machine screws fig small diameters required sizes diameter number screw tapped hole extend clearance hole nut square nuts finish bright ends flat illustrated machine screws threaded full length coarse fine threads class machine screws setscrews fig holding parts desired position relative screwing threaded hole piece bearing general types square head headless square head setscrews source accidents rotating parts violate safety codes
airbrush rendering fig produces pictures resemble photographs compressed air spray solution obtain shading effects process wash drawings sumi japanese ink water added produce similar results method brushes watercolor painting simple rendering generally preferred technical illustrations figure suggests methods single thick line small black shading band emphasize cylindrical shape methods showing complete shading illustrated fig shade lines follow curvature lines parallel elements stippling surface shading student learn recognize methods shading illustrated technical illustrations pictorial diagrammatic method modified suit special purpose examples included suggestions sectional cutaway drawing shown fig drawings start complete exterior view cutting planes outlines art construction sectional pictorial views notes pointing arrows carefully show glance amount shading order show cutaway greatest clarity illustration fig show wiring circuits automobile drawn thin lines shading purpose show electrical equipment positions illustration fig show orbiting satellites describing explaining illustration fig emphasis thick line outline shape
electrical drafting requires basic knowledge understanding electricity addition ability drawings seek learn electricity behaves materials tools processes electrical electricity electronics comprise important fields knowledge require amount study chapter serve introduction electrical symbols wiring diagrams circuits elements electrical electronic drafting students basic course electricity find special understanding making electrical drawings advised read study book subject understanding electricity electronics buban schmitt mcgraw hill book company paragraphs electricity general follow source electrical energy tiny atom natural condition atoms kinds particles particles electron important study electricity electronics electrons atom rotate center nucleus atom definite paths orbits fig electrons atoms alike possesses called negative charge electricity atoms differ number electrons particles atoms substance alike substance called element copper gold lead common elements kinds atoms joined form compound water acids salt common compounds smallest amount compound retains properties compound known molecule conditions electrons leave parent atoms
draw cam shown fig divide rise ab number equal parts parts clearness obtain accurate solution parts divide arc aw number equal parts rise draw radial lines center draw arcs radii ob locate points line roller centers irregular curve draw smooth curve points draw arc radius ob allow follower rest constant distance lay cd divide number equal parts shown divide arc xy number equal parts draw radial lines draw arcs center radii od locate points draw smooth curve points draw arc radius od provide dwell distance ef remaining part drop base circle divide ef number equal parts shown divide arc fa number equal parts draw radial lines draw arcs radii locate points irregular curve draw smooth curve points centers line roll centers draw successive arcs radius roll irregular curve draw smooth curve tangent arcs drawn shown cam face line fig
front elevation side elevation shown fig elevations front sides included complete set plans required federal housing administration fha loans elevations show exterior appearance house floor ceiling heights openings windows doors roof pitch draw elevation start grade line locate floor levels vertical dimensions features horizontal dimensions obtained projecting plan view elevation drawing underneath tracing paper wall section larger scale shown left fig larger scale drawings parts shown sufficient detail scale drawing typical door window details shown fig building progresses architect furnishes full size drawings soft pencil millwork moldings special details electrical wiring circuits shown fig shows location electric outlets switches location lights base plugs power outlets range dishwasher washing machine clothes dryer list symbols shown identify shown layout separate circuits volt volt lines shown needed information specifications plan site showing location house lot give complete accurate dimensions driveways walks show location electric gas water sewer telephone lines give pertinent information required city built
shop detail drawings give dimensions information fabricate parts location kind rivets shown drawn scale simple beam detail fig shows general characteristics drawings notice dimensions dimension lines lower view section structural drawings shown seen connections angles ends beam standard beam connections dimension left end connection end connection sizes angles dimensions steel handbook rivets diameter welding chap increasing putting structural steel shapes buildings steel construction welded partly welded partly riveted bolted details drawing welded steel truss shown fig complete drawing show welded joints roof framing plan bracing details complete construction steel fabricator drawing standard steel joist illustrated fig lightweight joists widely fabricated steel companies companies prepare details details jobs drawings reinforced concrete structures show dimensions concrete members sections give sizes locations steel reinforcing material part drawing shown fig notice symbol diameter steel rods representation rods dashes blacked circles
functional drafting term practice companion term simplified drafting drafting concerned making drawing means communication drawing function perform effective clear meaning easily read understood clear lines views notes dimensions give complete description leave guess ancient drawings pictorial characteristics chap continued coming separate views projection drawing industrial development progress functional drafting continued place ornamentation decreased heavy shade lines shading cylindrical surfaces realistic representation screw threads similar items drawing illustrated fig elevation bracket shown front elevation plate bracket attached shown side elevation box shown section lengthwise shown plan bottom half box shown plan top shown figure appletons encyclopedia drawing quotation source interest functional drawing early date working drawings complete illustrations machine detail sufficient enable mechanic construct large scale parts readily measured dimensions figures importance scale measurable
history origin nursing traced ancient civilizations artifacts provide evidence sick cared intuitive responses superstitions earliest centuries gradually replaced consciously reasoned rules derived knowledge early gains health care egyptian greek civilizations advent christianity fostered increased valuing charity humanitarian concern care sick christian duty middle ages general decline progress achievement renaissance developments science philosophy led classic revival yielding works fields rebirth interest medicine occurred sixteenth century renaissance darkness reawakening superstitution quackery superseded scientific thought existed earlier advances nearly forgotten science anatomy brought medicine andreas vesalius practiced dissection secret defiance law ambrose pare brought ligature bleeding vessels discouraged current custom pouring boiling oil wounds athanasius kircher formulated hypothesis microorganisms caused disease william harvey initially ridiculed established theory blood circulation heart acting central pump advances medical knowledge result reformation nursing suffered setback protestantism influenced decline closing monastic institutions sixteenth seventeenth centuries surviving destroyed religious wars europe fill need care sick governments endowed hospitals nursing woman calling catholic nursing orders predominantly female nursing women protestant countries
sanitation essential means disease prevention recent seen renewed interest concern preservation safe water supply adequate sewerage treatment limited urban areas sewerage management monitored rural areas sanitation laws govern practices prepare serve food public consumption standards established things temperature water dishwashing dishwashing detergents refrigeration equipment food preparation storage employee practices handwashing bathroom disease prevention efforts address problems pollution poses modern industrialized society pollution levels monitored host federal agencies standards allowable levels contaminants food water air established constantly undergoing revision word caution standards set necessarily safe materials exposed term effects known asbestos case point thought safe certainly wide variety products asbestos recognized posing extremely risk handle standards allowable contaminant levels effect today set according information presently potentially dangerous levels contaminants present technology control remains developed expensive implemented large scale costly terms unemployment consequence implementation bring public apathy problem
teaching increasingly important nursing teaching intervention nurses feel comfortable emphasized past general attitude clients need understand care hand competent health professionals today clients active participants care requires knowledge teach engage activities facilitate person learning learn factors influence learning discussed chap teaching involves transfer kind information teach telling demonstration guiding pursuing learning listening sharing knowledge nurse assists clients ways need information simply maintain health need information enter utilize participate health care system evaluate experiences experience disruption health need information alterations occurred taking place bodies aspects treatment prescribed expected participate management clearly nurses identify client learning needs establish priorities word caution motivated learn felt need factors clients feeling learning needs nurses identify information nurse problem nurse sees common formal education consider ill need health care forced lose
freud viewed personality developing infancy adulthood overlapping stages months spent oral stage infant receives pleasure sucking activities involving mouth sexual needs satisfied caressing fondling received primary caregiver oral fixation occurs freud infant prevented sucking anxious oral fixation considers leads excessive oral behavior adulthood overindulgence food drink development negative personality traits greediness passivity dependence anal stage child interest focused anal area period toilet training takes place parents instill societal values acceptable behavior elimination fixation anal stage occurs training stringent frued postulated leads development compulsiveness excessive conformity control toilet training mastered child interest focused genitals period called phallic stage yearning romantic relationship opposite sex parent freud considered phallic stage important personality development major foundation development superego laid sex role identification learning takes place period fear punishment sex parent romantic feelings parent opposite sex child relinquishes romantic attachment identifies sex parent identification child learns cultural ways apply sex
seen stress largely emotional experience tension trigger significant physiological response knowledge response generated enduring curiosity relationship stress physiological alterations occur body occur illness study physiological alterations occur response emotional psychological stimuli stressors known psychophysiology stress considered note periodical mild stress facilitates problem solving productivity stress endures level psychophysiologists demonstrated stress physiological accompany onset physical disorders headaches eczema asthma ulcerative colitis psychophysiological component strongly suspected etiology course disorders cancer believe form stress etiological factor physical disorders postulate specific forms stress produce specific disorders relationship identified stress physiological alterations physical disorders manifested extent exact nature relationship clear mechanism alterations brought mechanism involved stressors produce physiological alterations directly produce vulnerability additional stressor present actual physiological case disorders bacterial viral etiological agents identified physical disorders stress accepted etiological factor referred psychosomatic
hospitalization inevitably imposes restrictions social freedoms enjoy homes limiting recreational diversional activities prove stressful reason enjoy alcoholic beverage smoking playing radio loudly home find necessarily restricted interactions loved informal hospital observed roommate nursing staff policy convention behaviors forms touching overt expressions sexuality ordinarily prohibited nurse observes establishes socially restrictive policies rationale soundly based explained client restrictions inevitable nurse try understand frustration impose client support verbalization environments meet need control functions circumstances variety ways subtle decide wear eat brands products role patient hospitalized person called places control relinquished manage hospital setting relinquishment welcome relief acute phase illness part normal regression period recovery progresses inability exercise control continuing enforced dependency hospitalization imposes extremely frustrating typical client lack familiarity hospital bureaucracy uncertainty channels alter distressing circumstance
child appetite guide amount food needed rate growth determinant parent emphasis balance diet amount intake children offered balanced diet regulate intake terms total calories needed ability determine nutrients need parents provide foods predominant nutrition related problems american children iron deficiency anemia overweight obesity order combat problem iron deficiency anemia routine health assessment include regular monitoring hemoglobin hematocrit combined nurse knowledge client usual intake foods adequate source iron problem obesity ideally controlled infancy obesity infancy appears significantly related problems obesity later childhood adulthood nurse familiar variety approaches helping infant child family controlling obesity dietary needs young adult adolescent young adults males females need calcium protein adolescents males need vitamins riboflavin niacin thiamine calcium phosphorus iodine magnesium vitamin females need vitamin thiamine niacin calcium phosphorus iodine magnesium young adult males include glass orange juice vitamin diet substitute wheat white bread vitamins vegetable oils vitamin eat plenty leafy vegetables vitamin fish cheese vitamin
providing pleasing food hospitalized client shared responsibility nurse prescribe prepare food responsible preparing clients environment mealtime nursing effort directed helping clients retain regain independence persons frequently need fed assisted ability motivation feed clients eat enjoy food physically comfortable tidy ventilated room free stress interruption nurses virtue role client advocates need health team members physicians therapists technicians aware mealtimes find explain adverse effects ill timed rounds procedures nutritional status comfort nurses need reminding procedures scheduled preceding mealtime reserved preparation eating client able follow usual pattern toileting handwashing eating desired clients encouraged trays served lounge dayroom presence substitute sociability family setting clients clumsy spill difficulty chewing swallowing dysphagia embarrassed deny food allowed privacy eating delayed ability improves stress caused situation tolerable sensitive observant nurse aware respect feelings nurses consult physical occupational therapists involved helping clients relearn activities daily living adl opening milk cartons buttering bread cutting meat exactly activities intended achieve specific goals
uncomfortable hyperextension spine avoided head bed raised slightly bedpan client flex knees lift hips bedpan positioned buttocks small pillow folded blanket support lumbar curve head bed raised nearly simulate sitting position side rails raised safety clients need rolled bedpan especially flexion spine avoided flatter bedpans tolerate standard size padding supportive devices client turned bedpan fig nurse presence required safety client allowed bedpan privacy call light bell reach answered promptly toilet tissue provided unusual clients agile support cleansing adequately soap water cleansing nurse required clients opportunity hand washing bedpan toilet tissue touched bedpans covered carried bedside emptying cleansing solid wick room deodorant freshen air aeorsol room deodorants discouraged health care settings propellants destructive environment presence small chemical particles linger air injurious respiratory tissues medical asepsis especially hand washing handling linens toiletry materials advised
heart receives innervation parasympathetic nervous system vagus nerve tenth cranial nerve nerve innervates sinoatrial node site intrinsic cardiac innervation artrioventricular node distal portion nerve conduction system heart located atrioventricular junction parasympathetic system extend ventricular muscle extent parasympathetic discharge cardiovascular control center brainstem slows heart rate release neurotransmitter acetylcholine postganglionic nerve endings sinoatrial node sa atrioventricular av node heart innervated sympathetic nervous system cardiac nerves originating cervical thoracic cord regions nerves distributed sa av nodes ventricular musculature stimulation sympathetic nerves results increase heart rate ventricular contractility responses effected release neurotransmitters norepinephrine epinephrine postganglionic nerve endings documented increased filling ventricles result increased force contraction local intrinsic mechanism controlling output property increasing contractility increased filling stretch myocardial muscle fibers known starling law venous return blood local cardiac mechanisms increase decrease cardiac output depending demands peripherally arterioles veins control blood flow distribution types vessels smooth muscle dilates constricts vessels arterial system identified resistance vessel affecting pressure flow arterial side circulation
pulse clearly felt counted peripheral sites obtain apical pulse stethoscope chest wall intercostal space midclavicular distance sternum permit apical beat heard peripheral pulse weak rapid irregular apical radial pulse simultaneously nurses watch helpful nurse gesture signal counting begin cease apical beat beats min radial rate patient pusle deficit radial apical pulse rates identical blood pressure force exerted blood walls vessel contained liquid flow area higher pressure lower blood pressure highest artery lower capillary lowest vein ventricles contract large spurt blood pumped left ventricle large arteries elastic walls distended pressure artery wall ventricular contraction systole systolic pressure delivery blood arterial tree intermittent blood flow capillaries remains steady force ventricular contraction stored potential energy arterial walls ventricles relax energy released elastic walls recoil blood flows capillaries backflow prevented semilunar valves heart close
flexion defined decrease size angle joint segment body moved flexing movements bending folding lateral flexion bending sideways left lateral flexion spine dorsal flexion seen flexion ankle top foot brought closer tibia guiding foot opposite direction extension ankle plantar flexion radial flexion flexion thumb side ulnar flexion involves flexion finger side opposite flexion extension straightening resultant increase angle joint elbow knee straightened extension restore part flexed position anatomic hyperextension extending body segment normal position extension leaning head backwards abduction moving bone median plane body raising arm leg sideways adduction opposite abduction moves part median plane body bringing arm center body move pivot bone axis top spins rotation part rotated medially outward laterally spine capable rotating left rotation hand forearm palm position pronation palm position supination rotation foot sole inversion outward eversion circumduction creates circle distal portion body segment
instillation nose drops easily accomplished client dorsal recumbent position shoulders supported pillow provide hyperextension neck called proetz position recommended medication flow ethmoid sphenoid sinuses medication flow frontal maxillary sinuses client head hyperextended laterally flexed slight external rotation called parkinson position care place tip dropper inside nostril impossible count number prescribed drops bulb compressed tip touched nose contaminate medication medications applied topically eye frequently solution deposited lower conjunctival sac conjunctiva mucous membrane lines eyelid covers portion front eyeball care allow solution drop sensitive cornea let dropper touch client result contaminating solution dropper replaced gently pull lower lid downward cheek exposes lower conjunctival sac ask client look upward moves cornea lower lid gaining experience find helpful stablize hand holding dropper ent forehead opthalmic drugs potent prevent systemic absorption vascular nasal mucosa exerting gentle pressure canthus lower lid shuts puncta lacrimalia excess solution flow cheek easily wipe tissue
basic problem complexity subject pollutants numerous varied difficult detect concentration varies geographically monitoring techniques inadequate basic reason difficulty research environmental pollution hard determine precisely degree exposure specific pollutants research complicated pollutants according tests problems dangerous combination synergistic relationships exist pollutants synergistic relationship danger combined pollutants greater sum individual dangers nonsmokers inhale asbestos particles harm particles carried lungs beating cilia respiratory tract smoking interferes natural cleansing process result smokers greater chance contracting asbestos induced cancer sulfur dioxide inteferes function cilia lung surfaces exposed airborne carcinogenic substances combination sulfur dioxide hazard cancer proportionately increased inhalation asbestos significant important inhaler smokes pollutants ingested food eaten water drunk consider myriad types pollution millions ways pollutants interact begin appreciate difficulty conducting research field greater difficulty identifying preventive measures odum observes pollutants produced natural ecosystems agricultural industrial activity nature large treats renders harmful recycles makes pollutants
nuclear technology radiation medicine public health agriculture industries arousing concern radiation pollution exact standards hard establish difficult calculate radiation absorb genetic damage ill effects known effects radiation cumulative alert clients danger unnecessary exposure told accurate record rays receive routine dental checkups accidents illnesses difficult diagnose involve number rays today move community increasing frequency brought ray records run risk subjected unnecessary duplication rays place high risk workers dentists dental assistants reminded importance protecting themsleves clients clients instance wear aprons receive dental rays high risk workers reminded sure equipment checked regularly source radiation forgotten sun avoiding excessive exposure sun safeguard cancer adults cautioned popular pastime sunbathing effects solar exposure cumulative middle skin cancer develops research sun exposure malignant melanoma excessive sunlight shown inhibit dna rna protein synthesis human skin protection preparations sun screen suntan lotion
advisable beginner relying untrained eye proportions follow fixed proportions chapter lettering likely displeasing trained eye professional later mastered art lettering individuality revealed naturally slight variations shapes proportions letters desirable increase decrease width letters order word group words fill space letters narrower normal letters height called compressed letters wider called extended letters fig pencil lettering medium soft pencil degree hardness lead required produce dark opaque line vary type paper pencil selected drawing trial lines order obtain satisfactory lines pencil sharpened conical point rounded slightly piece scratch paper point symmetrical lettering pencil rotated partial revolution letter started choice type pen point lettering depends largely personal preference characteristics individual beginner learn experience types suited pen makes heavy stroke bold letters titles light stroke pen required lighter letters figures notes flexible point lettering point apt shade downward stem strokes downward portions curved strokes
white light weight tracing paper pencil drawings blueprints produced commercial drafting rooms order labor costs minimum general types cloth ink cloth pencil cloth cloth ink clear transparent dull side glossy pencil cloth white cloth surface specially prepared pencil marks readily student professional equipped selection sharpened pencils leads degrees hardness hard medium hard medium medium soft grade pencil purposes depends type line desired kind paper employed humidity affects surface paper standards line quality govern selection minimum student pencil light construction lines layout accuracy required repenciling light finished lines dimension lines center lines invisible object lines visible object lines lettering freehand persons prefer conical point general fig find wedge point suitable straight line requires sharpening makes denser line fig sharpening pencil wood cut unlettered end knife pencil sharpener equipped draftsman cutters lead exposed form cut including wood
distance flats draw circumscribed square diagonals corners centers half diagonal radius strike arcs sides square join points complete required octagon distance flats draw inscribed circle triangle square draw tangents establish sides vertices required octagon side lm lm radius draw semicircle divide number equal parts number sides needed polygon suppose polygon sided draw radial lines points point division point vertices polygon line side point center lm radius strike arc radial line locate point radius center strike arc establish procedure continued point center accurate results obtained point center arc locate center triangle abc divide side ac say equal parts draw semicircle ac diameter division points draw perpendicular lines points intersection semicircle center strike arcs points cut ac complete construction draw lines parallel ab points arcs intersect side ac
importance freehand drafting underestimated purpose discussion amplify training phase young person preparing career field design understand beginning studies sketching ultimate form expression able prepare complete sketches present ideas decisions subordinates understandable manner figure freehand sketch coordinate paper wiring diagram sketch form shown fig diagram appeared original idea sketch shown fig chapter pictorial sketching type sketching discussed required materials pencil soft eraser paper industrial field improperly trained sketching straightedges cheap pocket compasses dispense adopt correct technique preparing sketches instruments consumes unnecessary person produce satisfactory sketch guide lines cross section paper helpful ordinarily ruling paper forms inch squares subdivided eighth quarter tenth inch squares paper especially sketching scale desirable fig freehand drafting lacks refinement mechanical instruments based principles projection conventional practices apply multiview pictorial divisions mechanical drawing reason familiar projection forms adequately trained prepare sketches freehand lines naturally differ appearance mechanical
frequently object inclined face perpendicular principal planes projection cases draw primary auxiliary view secondary auxiliary oblique view fig primary auxiliary view constructed projecting figure primary auxiliary plane perpendicular inclined surface principal planes plane convenient location illustration primary auxiliary plane perpendicular frontal plane note inclined face appears straight line primary auxiliary view view regular view secondary auxiliary view projected plane parallel inclined face figure shows practical application theoretical principles shown pictorially suggested student read sec procedure drawing normal true shape view oblique surface presented step step figure shows progressive steps preparing secondary auxiliary view oblique face complete principal view reference planes datum planes measurements step ii shows partial construction primary auxiliary view inclined surface appears line step iii shows secondary auxiliary view projected primary view completed known measurements lug primary auxiliary view finished projecting secondary auxiliary view step iv illustrates procedure projecting secondary auxiliary view top view primary auxiliary order complete foreshortened view lug noted distance reference plane secondary auxiliary transferred top view views show width distances true length
detail section similar revolved section external view drawn place appears adjacent fig reasons detail sections frequently desirable prevent principal view object cross section uniform cluttered numerous revolved sections fig drawn enlarged scale order emphasize detail allow adequate dimensioning fig detail section means identifying accomplished showing cutting plane principal view labeling plane resulting view shown fig phantom hidden section regular exterior view interior construction emphasized crosshatching imaginary cut surface dotted section lines fig type section regular section broken section remove important exterior detail instances show accompanying part relative position regard part fig broken line dashes equal length phantom line shown fig represent outline adjacent parts shown fig section lines light continuous lines drawn imaginary cut surface object purpose emphasizing contour interior drawn angle cases number adjacent parts shown assembled fig pleasing appearance lines correctly executed
trimetric projection object view obtained axes makes angle plane projection figure illustrates application auxiliary view method construction trimetric projection noted object shown fig rectangular line sight primary auxiliary view perpendicular body diagonal cube case dimetric projection illustrated fig form pictorial representation extent aircraft companies preparation production illustrations true axonometric projection prepared projecting directly orthographic views object method commonly called method intersections developed prior published professor eckhart vienna college engineering widely united states principal task preparation pictorial drawings complicated parts orthographic views underlying principles basic procedure preparation isometric projection illustrated fig relationship axonometric plane principal planes shown pictorially understood point discussion picture plane axonometric plane coincident axonometric triangle true size facts noted axonometric projection true orthographic projection projection lines perpendicular plane projection point projected adjacent planes planes revolved plane views point lie single line perpendicular fold line line intersection xy planes
castings formed pouring molten metal mold cavity sand molding molten metal assumes shape cavity formed sand mold ramming prepared moist sand pattern removing pattern casting shrinks cooling metal hardens exact shape pattern fig sand mold consists sections upper section called cope lower section called drag form box shaped structure called flask large holes interior passageways openings needed casting dry sand cores cavity cores exclude metal space occupy form desired openings large holes cored order avoid unnecessary boring operation dry sand core formed ramming mixture sand binding material core box pattern shop finished core rigid coremaker places core oven baked hard molder making mold inserts sand sprue stick removes cope rammed resulting hole known sprue conducts molten metal gate passageway cut cavity adjacent hole called riser outlet excess metal pattern shop prepares patterns pieces foundry cast special pattern drawings frequently submitted pattern maker ordinarily drawing finished piece draftsman prepared pattern shop machine shop fig
principal threads fastening adjusting transmitting power satisfy requirements engineering profession forms threads shown fig american standard form national form thread replaced unified thread form widely united states sharp extent adjustment holding power essential transmission power motion modified square acme brown sharpe worm threads adopted modified square thread rarely transmits power parallel axis modification square thread stronger acme easier cut readily disengages split nuts lead screws lathes brown sharpe worm thread similar proportions longer teeth transmitting power worm wheel knuckle thread commonly found incandescent lamps plugs cast rolled whitworth buttress threads encountered average engineer fulfills purpose american standard thread england frequently found country buttress breech block thread designed pressure direction breech mechanisms large guns airplane propeller hubs thread form standardized appears modified forms dardelet thread locking assembly
alterations working drawings cancellation erasure cancellations parallel inclined lines drawn views lines notes dimensions changed superseding dimensions original alterations erasure changed dimensions underlined completed approved drawing recorded revision record located adjacent title block fig corner drawing fig note identification symbol date authorization number character revision initials draftsman checker change identification symbol numeral letter small circle alteration body drawing fig complete erasure record prints file original altered companies record prints extensive revisions completed drawings necessitated unsatisfactory methods production customer request draftsman order issued approval chief engineer office special pattern shop drawings giving information needed making pattern required large complicated castings pattern maker receives drawing shows finished dimensions draft draw pattern extra metal machining shrinkage making pattern oversize draft allowances finish determined engineering department finish marks drawing allowances included dimensions forging machined separate detail drawings forge machine shops
cam plate cylinder solid curved outline curved groove oscillating rotating motion predetermined motion piece called follower contact cam plays important part operation classes machines cam mechanisms commonly operate valves automobiles stationary marine internal combustion engines automatic screw machines clocks locks printing machinery nearly kinds machinery generally regard automatic machines applications cams practically unlimited shapes outlines found wide variety cam mechanisms consist parts cam contact surface curved straight follower motion produced contact cam surface frame supports cam guides follower common type cam disc plate cam cam takes form revolving disc plate circumference disc plate forming profile follower makes contact fig simple examples disc cam follower shown fig cam motion rotation causing follower rise return initial position cams type external force spring follower contact cam times contact follower cam roller serves reduce friction flat faced follower roller type shown fig
cast iron pipe suitable underground gas water mains plumbing lines low pressure steam systems steel pipe chiefly high temperatures high pressures encountered addition alloys nickel chromium makes steel pipe resistant corrosion high temperatures seamless brass pipe satisfactory type hot water lines condenser tubes expensive conditions justify extra cost lines turns bends inaccessible locations copper tubing frequently copper pipe flexible resist corrosive action chemicals practical system subject high temperatures repeated stress lead lead lined pipe widely chemical piping subject action acids galvanized pipe ordinary iron pipe dipped molten zinc prevent rust suitable lines conveying drinking water special purpose pipe tubing variety materials stainless steel brass bronze aluminum plastics manufactured plastic pipe plastic lined pipe extensively chemical industry place metal pipe corrode high resistance wide range chemicals plastic pipe easily bent resists weathering heavy weights threaded principal disadvantages higher cost temperature pressure limitations strength needed metal pipe lined plastic american standard pipe taper thread illustrated fig similar ordinary american standard thread thread angle tapered inch insure tight joint fitting
patent drawings carefully prepared accordance strict rules patent office rules published pamphlet entitled rules practice united states patent office obtained charge writing commissioner patents washington case machine mechanical device complete application patent consist petition specification written description drawing applicant employ patent attorney preferably connected regularly employs competent draftsmen capable producing executed drawings conform rules ordinary draftsmen lack skill experience produce drawings sheets drawings patent ship ladder shown figs rules quoted verbatim pamphlet rules practice united states patent office applicant patent required law furnish drawing invention nature case admits drawing signed inventor persons rule applicant signed drawing attorney fact drawing show feature invention covered claims figures consecutively numbered invention consists improvement machine drawing exhibit views invention disconnected structure view structure suffice show connection invention therewith editions patent drawings printed published office certified copies size character attached patents inches reduction selected portion drawing official gazette
blueprint considered photographic copy original drawing process similar photography piece sensitized paper exposed light transmitted negative tracing developed water bring image negative transparent sheet paper transparentized cloth image original drawing traced opaque lines printing paper white paper coated solution ammonia citrate iron ferrocyanide potassium paper exposed tracing chemical action takes place light able reach sensitized surface bath clear water coating washed parts surface protected lines exposing original surface paper developed blue background contrast blue background white lines intensified dipping print oxidizing solution potassium bichromate water print rinsed clean water avoid stain marks notations blueprint lettering drawing alkaline solution strong bleach blue compound solution sodium hydroxide caustic soda purpose ordinary sodium bicarbonate baking soda water print clear white lines uniform brilliant blue background obtained proper timing exposure trial part prints small scraps blueprint paper making final print background pale blue trial print underexposed exposure increased trial print scorched appearance indistinct lines dark blue background print overexposed exposure decreased
reproduction layout prepared metal plate opaque material reflex contact method original prepared metal drawn directly pencil ink working surface prepared spraying white matte loft board surfacer special vinyl base film intermediate unique light passes exposure strikes prepared surface metal plate reflected emulsion reason emulsion side film contact front side plate preparing exposure exposure film removed immersed developer minutes fixed hypo washed resulting negative making positive prints cloth paper making positive prints metal desired prints metal needed copies contractors templates original layouts prepared full size photography preparation assembly drawings simple unit mechanisms increasingly popular photograph readily understood inexperienced person referring line drawing showing assembly picture gain full understanding mechanism photograph step preparation photographic assembly drawing making halftone enlargement piece equipment orthotype film positive intermediate original line drawing window cut open spot accept halftone positive
joe areano mexican rancher led navahos early unmapped area government land north central mexico looking gold found antiques matter fact nice brought santa fe ancient painted pottery bowls wrapped newspaper important bowls story brought torreones towers seen persisted calling towers stone towers southwestern states full pueblo ruins remains ancient pueblos beneath town albuquerque mexico dig cellar sante fe find prehistoric pottery flagstaff arizona built top ancient pueblo ruins peppered country kansas nevada mexico stone towers fitted expedition sponsored university mexico served faculty joe areano story romantic sounded country gallina river joe led investigated spaniards section sixty seventy miles unbelievably rough high characterized forest covered mesas bisected jagged colorful canyons
emperor yuan held throne wall china land green rain readying harvest peace dominion happy sad early morning week month emperor yuan sipping tea fanning warm breeze servant ran scarlet blue garden tiles calling emperor emperor miracle yes emperor air sweet morning miracle servant bowing quickly tea mouth surely miracle excellency let guess sun risen sea blue finest miracles excellency flying emperor stopped fan saw air flying wings heard voice call sky looked dragon heavens mouth dragon paper bamboo colored sun grass early emperor wakened dream early seen seen
order read stories capable giving need awareness elements composed means author reach reader important plot character theme irony symbol plot sequence incidents actions story characters happens constitutes plot stories plot create excitement principal interest stories happens reader hurried breathlessly crisis stories rely heavily suspense danger mystery action physical conflict surprise stories generally significant plot serves exhibit character reveal truth stories plot exciting exist sake important element plot conflict conflict external internal physical intellectual emotional moral story pit environment unreasonable impulses desires richest stories kind conflict conflict main character nature complicated conflicts story ordinarily ends main conflict resolved side triumphs main character succeeds fails
saturday afternoon billy buck ranch hand raked haystack pitched small forkfuls wire fence mildly interested cattle high air small clouds puffs cannon smoke driven eastward march wind wind heard whishing brush ridge crests breath penetrated ranch cup boy jody emerged house eating thick piece buttered bread saw billy working haystack jody tramped scuffing shoes told destructive shoe leather flock white pigeons flew black cypress tree jody passed circled tree landed half grown tortoise shell cat leaped bunkhouse porch galloped stiff legs road whirled galloped jody picked stone help game late cat porch stone discharged threw stone cypress tree started white pigeons whirling flight arriving haystack boy leaned barbed wire fence think asked middle aged ranch hand stopped careful raking stuck fork ground took black hat smoothed hair
voyage cargo steamer twelve hundred tons kind outcome forty experiments improvements framework machinery designers owner thought lucania floating hotel pay expenses puts money saloon charges private baths suites room days competition low freights square inch cargo boat built cheapness hold capacity steady speed boat hundred forty feet thirty feet wide arrangements enabled carry cattle main sheep upper deck wanted glory amount cargo store holds owners known scotch firm round north launched christened fitted liverpool cargo york owner daughter miss frazier fro clean decks admiring paint brass patent winches strong straight bow cracked bottle champagne named steamer
unsuited task speaking memory find scarcely trace believe hideously lacking faculties poor ordinary think rare singular deserve gain fame natural inconvenience suffer account assuredly considering plato calling memory powerful goddess country want say sense say memory complain shortcomings correct refuse believe accusing fool difference memory intellect makes look worse wrong experience shows contrary excellent memories coupled feeble judgments wrong words infirmity signify ingratitude friend blame affections memory turn involuntary defect willful forgotten request promise say remember friends remember say quiet sake
appearance presented streets london hour sunrise summer morning striking unfortunate pursuits pleasure scarcely unfortunate pursuits business acquainted scene air cold solitary desolation noiseless streets accustomed thronged times busy eager crowd quiet closely shut buildings swarming bustle impressive drunken find home sunlight staggered heavily roaring burden drinking song previous night houseless vagrant penury police left streets coiled chilly limbs paved corner dream food warmth drunken dissipated wretched disappeared sober orderly part population awakened labors stillness death streets hue imparted cold lifeless look gray somber light daybreak occasional policeman seen street corners listlessly gazing deserted prospect rakish looking cat runs stealthily road descends area caution slyness bounding water butt dust hole alighting flagstones conscious character depended gallantry preceding night escaping public observation
born winter river longest season cold united states source mountains colorado rockies hard wild air thin altitude subject swift crystalline condition bring blue darkness midday yield snow months past monstrous peaks ragged lifeless rock clouds tear roll wall wall sky wind cries atmosphere overcharged electricity cut flare lightning trundle bounce thunder valley sharpened crash require senses capacities wholly heard river course career widens narrows turns narrow slopes dark stream shadowed noon straight fingers sunlight reach forest stream clear icy going rapidly polished brown speckled stones remind glance diamond water going stony bed makes image fish carries speckled colors watery flicker half lights reflection golden flecks leaf shadow protected dazzle moving water trout plain sight safe river close likeness rio grande towns colorado del monte vista alamosa pleasant young communities place parallels railroad tracks mile
nineteenth century took seriously poets critics fond defining poetry terms lofty thoughts expressed noble language beauty dressed melodious words poems read lofty thoughts scheming woman laboratory page emotions lovely cruel narrow minded peasants piece yarn page expect short stories plays novels concerned lofty noble beautiful expect poetry subject matter poetry literature limit subject matter poetry lofty beautiful need put limitations language noble melodious language christmas page step honey christmas morning english teacher tell forcefully noble kind language poetry kind words poet seek answer simple poet seeks beautiful words meaningful expressive suggestive fullest meaning language poetry unlimited
paradox saying say paradox apparently contradictory statement states truth form figurative language figurative language language says thing means opposite literal language language means exactly says explanation paradox sentence stating factual information mind suggesting quality experience feelings imagination language imagination literature characteristically figurative wisest greatest teachers found wanted communicate feel things stir emotions readers listeners figurative language jesus instance spoke parables paradoxes core teaching stated paradox whosoever save lose whosoever lose sake find wished define word neighbor giving exact definition told story parable samaritan literature figurative johnny armstrong lord randal pages tell stories single figure poems rely heavily figurative language poem force single figure speech
mean says morning question sound absurd morning means think ways greeting spoken person say cheerfully surlily cordially grudgingly stiffly warmly courteously contemptuously proudly eagerly stiff politeness boisterous short words morning uttered mean love don care speak tone words spoken important meaning dictionary definitions fact communicate rich meaning uttering sounds mmm ahem dictionary meaning tone remark tell speaker feels subject foul morning feels person speaking consider beneath notice feels important person tone literature defined emotional meaning author speaker attitude subject audience literature tone voice methods words chosen arrangement context difference tone character saying morning fine marvelous morning
young french painter eager establish respectable reputation nineteenth century art produced large monumental pictures illustrating historical events mythological stories crammed pictures figures shown mastery lighting coloring drawing kind display painting considered highest type art juries selected pictures salon exhibitions gustave courbet greatest french painters century spent career stubbornly refusing manner painted simple landscapes forest pool plate imaginary landscape saw poussin page existed real courbet reproduced hand picture literal copy nature courbet deep lustrous colors give forest scene richness eyes discovered nineteenth century french artists chose paint directly nature jean baptiste camille corot born twenty courbet developed landscape style view volterra plate corot makes aware atmospheric effects concentrating lushness nature seen close hand leads gently warmer colors foreground cool blue gray colors distance
pages read chief die poets tell tale greek poet means maker makers creators helped create king arthur legend include ancient historians poets centuries novelists playwrights kinds storytellers sang wrote tale king arthur legend legend english speaking began england days read write call english language existed form maker legend warrior telling children grandchildren welsh chieftain fought unlikely arthur real king historians believe dux bellorum war chief led cavalry victory mount badon ending series twelve battles saxon invaders storytelling began middle ages stories copied scribes educated monks recorded tales future generations storytellers related saxons later drove arthur wales scotland storytellers recalled arthur later fell battle glastonbury southwestern england secretly buried knights beginning arthur legend confined mainly celts welsh
painters late nineteenth century fascinated impressionism continued strictly tradition paul cezanne regular member impressionist group suddenly left paris return native countryside southern france eighteen worked attempting solid durable impressionism wanted retain feeling light air give objects painted appearance weight density painters mountains solid seated figures cezanne picture card players plate lively brushwork painting brings sturdy massive forms look closely wall instance discover merely plain surface gentle pattern lightly colored brushstrokes offsets heaviness figures artist interested impressionism coming paris dutch painter vincent van left city settle small provincial town arles southern france finally discovered interested recording shimmering effects sunlight expressing intensity emotions began thicken outlines combine large areas bright colors highly simplified bold patterns
morning silas eppie seated breakfast eppie thing mind money brought turning night think set tomorrow fine days leave house godmother care bundle things set daddy eppie surprise country town born lantern yard want paston minister ha em innicent robbery paston deal light want speak drawing lots talk religion countryside partly think eppie joyful prospect wonder delight seeing strange country coming tell aaron aaron wiser things pleasant advantage mrs winthrop possessed dim fear dangers attendant journey requiring assurances region carriers carts slow wagons pleased silas revisit country find cleared false accusation
novels bear stamp creators contrast isolated george eliot thornton wilder traveler reached age ten born madison wisconsin attended german speaking school hong kong father served united states consul general later attended missionary school shanghai early days wilder successfully combined travel study writing teaching contrary george eliot drew subject matter novels mainly experiences wilder draws mainly history literature especially fond presenting past viewpoint present plays typical modern reveal sense history past affects present small incidents turn profound significance wilder plays town pulitzer prize winner skin teeth matchmaker funniest play revived successful musical play hello dolly bridge san luis rey set lima peru beginning eighteenth century story begins spain established powerful system control colonies viceroys royal governors direct link king viceroy peru influential powerful spanish official overseas holding court lima king spain
morning twin boys discovered foundlings basket door convent santa maria rosa del las rosas names found arrival wet nurse names names succeeded telling boys knowing parents limean gossips noticing boys grew older straight held silent somber declared castilian laid turn sorts crested doorways person nearest guardian abbess convent madre maria del pilar hate grew fond manuel esteban late afternoon call office send cakes kitchen tell stories cid judas maccabeus thirty misfortunes harlequin grew love catch gazing deep black frowning eyes looking traits grew ugliness soullessness hideous worked grew convent past age presence began slight distraction dedicated sisters
living room desk tom benecke rolled sheets flimsy heavier top sheet carbon paper sandwiched portable inter office memo top sheet headed typed tomorrow date glanced creased yellow sheet covered handwriting typewriter hot muttered short hallway heard muffled clang wire coat hangers bedroom closet reminder wife thought hot guilty conscience shoving hands pockets gray wash slacks stepped living room window desk stood breathing glass watching expanding circlet mist staring autumn night lexington avenue eleven stories tall lean dark haired young pullover sweater looked played football basketball college heels hands top edge lower window frame shoved upward usual window didn budge lower hands shoot hard upward jolt window open inches dusted hands muttering didn begin crossed room hallway entrance leaning aginst doorjamb hands shoved pockets called clare
hercule poirot dining friend henry bonnington gallant endeavor king road chelsea bonnington fond gallant endeavor liked leisurely atmosphere liked food plain english lot messes molly sympathetic waitress greeted friend prided remembering customers likes dislikes food evening sir took seats corner table re luck today turkey stuffed chestnuts favorite nice stilton soup fish question food wine settled bonnington leaned sigh unfolded napkin molly sped girl approvingly beauty artists paint knows food deal important women unsound food rule woman goes fellow fancies won notice eats order thing sees hercule poirot shook head terrible thank goodness bonnington complacently twinkle hercule poirot eye re young conceded bonnington young puppies young fellows nowadays guts stamina
major influences english literature number british land greatly influenced english literature literature english speaking peoples shaped britain history hundred fifty norman conquest odd mixture invaded settled britain departure romans finally nation longer considering anglo saxons danes normans englishmen english aware immensely aware elizabethan age foreign observers noted english conscious english let admit highly satisfied pleased sense identity owed fact english islanders cut sea european influences menacing centers personages power developing largely turning continental point view call offbeat early english characteristics endured lasting played important part molding coloring english literature look english class system caste system distinction important understood difference english european countries grasped
date anglo saxon period band germanic teuton crossed north sea england settle county kent jutes peninsula jutland denmark invaders jutes angles saxons invaders created anglo saxon england angle land lasted norman french led william duke normandy successfully invaded conquered country centuries centuries period frequently dark ages description meant suggest barbarism ignorance confusion violence generally considered historians misleading ages fact dark thought means knowledge communications trade arts crafts fairly high order true filled violence cruelty confused fighting today free vices follies plunge western comparative darkness collapse vast roman empire centuries maintained order wall north england distant arabia height roman empire travel post roads currency northumberland middle east red sea
battle hastings harold saxon king england defeated william conqueror duke normandy invaded england support claim promised english throne efficient ruthless soldier number experienced soldiers fortune followers william soon able conquer country pacified ordered complete description land prepared famous domesday book mentioned english towns villages today william normans landowners built castles homes fortresses usual successful conquerors ruling class aristocracy norman descent norman blood suggested highest english aristocracy gulf norman dukes earls counts saxon peasants worked serfs greater speak language nobles speaking norman french peasants anglo saxon oddly england today recognize difference noble peasant follow anglo saxon peasants calling animals look fields sheep pigs follow norman masters interested animals chiefly terms kitchen dining hall referring living creatures eaten mutton pork
macbeth hamlet king lear othello produced generally called tragic period shakespeare dramatist stupendous powers height conflict intensely aware contrast evil light dark reasonable peaceful order chaotic violence division enabled give fullest expression contrasts hundreds lines haunt mind tragic music discover tragedies terrible say macbeth tragedy tremendous power hell let loose notice place night intimately concerned darkness drama black edged crimson spilled blood actors superstitious superstitions remember unlucky produce macbeth play attracted theater accidents misfortunes tribute astonishing power piece literature knowing play fifty speeches feel hair standing end macbeth poets shakespeare characters line line speech speech says wonderful things fact shakespeare things say power insight poetry unmatched character drama proves definitely mind shakespeare saw macbeth play lady macbeth
curious period fair add english historians literary scholars prefer age england remember scotland shared monarchy steered political literary eccentric course entirely final period written england unlike written western europe public events england reflect general european pattern english going english nowadays considered quiet easygoing fanaticism violence period horrified rest europe middle rebelled rightful sovereign bad imprisoned finally executed later disliking james ii militant catholic protestant country rid invited dutch prince william orange married james daughter mary crown terms james stuarts ruled monarchy constitutional means broadly speaking monarch reigns rule real political power belongs crown parliament
thy soul star dwelt wrote wordsworth john milton overshadowed poets seventeenth century stands figures english literature john milton known foremost representative english puritanism literature kind person word puritan convey picture early american puritans black joy killing gloomy thoughts witch hunting certainly fit john milton took pleasure living art defended freedom mayflower landed america milton twelve studying st paul school london prepare ministry vocation mother directed milton parents provided home culture renaissance combined righteous puritans father accomplished musician composer played organ taught son play father mother john inherited love music reflected poetry age sixteen milton cambridge interesting brilliant career won esteem fellow students scholarship skill fencing debating milton revolved decisions
early part eighteenth century cross currents stream english language continuation growth occurred elizabethan age restoration force sought confine language neat limitations noncritical members population careless technical niceties grammar spelling eager bring exhilarating words literary believed give language shape stability cost expansion liveliness seen dryden end seventeenth century trim language admirable prose style mind specific proposals attaining end defoe swift addison bemoaned indifference scorn court correctness word heard defoe ridiculed misspelling characteristic nobility citing lord accidental drowning servant mollinkolli accidence happen house swift wrote scathing paper tatler language addison milder manner occasional comments spectator swift famous dictum language letter addressed lord treasurer proposal correcting improving ascertaining limiting english tongue
hard decide exactly course prose fiction pieces prose fiction reasonably classed novels swift gulliver travels equally successful savage satire humanity story children prose fiction call robinson crusoe defoe masterpiece simply tale adventure draw line adventure tales fantasies romances science fiction novels difficult decide agree proper concerned women related sort society fairly realistic fashion story monsters living moon say prose narrative offers imaginary characters events set recognizable society comparatively late arrival english literature italy spain france produced entitled call novels england elizabethans found easy tell story dramatic form stage manage prose fiction english literature hold eighteenth century famous fiction influenced writers countries middle eighteenth century onward english novels written read literary form drama striking mysterious ebb flow greatness
romance romantic romanticism coming terms hard define fact meanings times clearly introduce romantic age idea means romantic kind writing belongs romanticism spirit eighteenth century especially earlier confident classical period surmise romanticism opposite romanticism side hidden suppressed side unfashionable frowned side bursting breaking side spirit reasonable calm smugly confident unreasonable irrational agitated dubious troubled side likes company love solitude side flourishes cities want country inhabited parts country mountains forests desert side believes highly civilized artificial style turn disgust praise simple natural primitive side believes mystery left universe mystery flower tree cloud star writing side kind public performance writing intensely private
coffeehouse dismissed cursory mention improperly called important political institution parliament sat municipal council city ceased speak sense citizens public meetings harangues resolutions rest modern machinery agitation fashion resembling modern newspaper existed circumstances coffeehouses chief organs public opinion metropolis vented establishments set commonwealth turkey merchant acquired mohammedans taste favorite beverage convenience able appointments part town able pass evenings socially small charge fashion spread fast upper middle class daily coffeehouse learn news discuss coffeehouse orators eloquence crowd listened admiration soon journalists called fourth estate realm court seen uneasiness growth power attempt administration close coffeehouses parties missed usual places resort universal outcry
university birthplace poets immortal authors founders schools leaders colonies conquerors nations promise generation aristotles newtons napoleons washingtons raphaels shakespeares miracles nature contained precincts content hand forming critic experimentalist economist engineer includes scope university training ordinary means ordinary end aims raising intellectual tone society cultivating public mind purifying national taste supplying true principles popular enthusiasm fixed aims popular aspiration giving enlargement sobriety ideas age facilitating exercise political power refining intercourse private education clear conscious view opinions judgments truth developing eloquence expressing force urging teaches things point disentangle skein thought detect sophistical discard irrelevant prepares fill post credit master subject facility shows accommodate throw mind bring influence understanding bear
suppose perfectly fortune depend winning losing game chess don think consider primary duty learn names moves pieces notion gambit keen eye means giving getting check think look disapprobation amounting scorn father allowed son allowed members grow knowing pawn knight plain elementary truth fortune happiness connected depend knowing rules game infinitely difficult complicated chess game played untold ages woman players game chessboard pieces phenomena universe rules game call laws nature player side hidden play fair patient cost overlooks mistake makes smallest allowance ignorance
women say indifferent clothes say mind eat distrusted wrong sneer woman passionate concern dress banished woods part delight women conference huddle clothes furthest removed sex times completely half children half witches note attitude clothes conferences absolutely clear sighted realism chaps peer haze believe fat thin bony say ladies free illusions notice direct level glances give occasions clothes conference unlike masculine conferences clash illusions meet firm ground fact known immediately account kate left shoulder higher meg broad hips phyllis short legs conference line imperfect creatures politicians senior officials tried line international conferences change week
simple reason periods theater western things dramatists actors actors playhouses playhouses audiences remember plays exist performed merely read read play try perform put stage soon play performed kind theatrical organization charge production bring audience audience important dramatist shapes play director actors shape final shaping audience audience kind giant character play theater audience present theater london york rate audiences rate plays concerts picture galleries experience dramatic art playgoing european countries undertaken spirit london york play item evening program celebration coming dinner supper dancing night club
george bernard shaw legend lifetime death november marked end early pioneers modern literature spanned century actively writing drama vigorous original kind end days sharp tongue satiric attitude conventional thinking enemies generally acknowledged quarter century england greatest living writer shaw born dublin irish gentry early manhood lived london socialists england served pamphleteer speaker fabian society eighties nineties shaw journalist writing criticism music drama books art newspapers known literary journalistic criticism fascinated gave opportunity express ideas wide public grew disgusted poor quality plays presented shaw began writing plays interested ellen terry leading romantic actress modern drama inspiration plays lifelong friend correspondent dr samuel johnson shaw known peculiarities personality literary ability active mind full theories instance staunch vegetarian attacker standard english spelling leaving death large fortune promote reform
story widow son story endings widow living small neglected village foot steep hill son meaning lived sake wore working hundred sacrifices order school town miles teacher village dullard taught plans packy tell plans threatened night didn turn put roads quarry hill village packy tell watched sight morning watched sight evening beat heart gruff words cover pride joy packy sake walked hours road letting cow graze acre wayside grass order spare poor blades pushed stones field sake walked town sell cabbages soon fit
named sidney sake elegance parents elegance brooklyn parlor golden oak combination bookcase desk shield shaped mirror sidney dow descended generations georges johns lorens lukes nathans esteemed slick bustle city school loutish boy tall heavy slow spoken worry father william dow ambitious parent born vermont farm william felt joyously city brooklyn sidney born real bathroom fine tin tub gas lights handsome phaeton red wheels washtub kitchen saturday night baths kerosene lamps heavy buggy father vermont loll abed till quarter chuckled gratification progress office quarter luxury red wheeled carriage late lying william yankee shrewdness cozened urban vice solid respectable george father deacon universalist church grace meals theater ben hur appearing
fall war cold fall milan dark early electric lights pleasant streets looking windows game hanging shops snow powdered fur foxes wind blew tails deer hung stiff heavy empty small birds blew wind wind turned feathers cold fall wind mountains hospital afternoon ways walking town dusk hospital ways alongside canals crossed bridge canal enter hospital choice bridges woman sold roasted chestnuts warm standing front charcoal fire chestnuts warm afterward pocket hospital beautiful entered gate walked courtyard gate side funerals starting courtyard hospital brick pavilions met afternoon polite interested matter sat machines difference
schoolmaster baard brother named anders thought deal enlisted lived town war served company rose rank corporal home war fine stalwart fellows father died left personal property difficult divide let put property auction buy wanted share proceeds father owned large gold watch known wide gold watch parts seen watch put wealthy wanted brothers began bid desisted baard expected anders let anders expected baard bid turn trying bid looked hard watch twenty dollars baard began feel kind brother bid reached thirty anders withdraw baard felt anders longer remembered elder watch thirty
molly morgan train salinas waited quarters hour bus big automobile empty driver molly pastures heaven main road miles driver car valley re met driver ran flattened body jack rabbit apparent satisfaction hit em re dead apologized dark caught lights try miss em yes going pastures heaven dunno walk guess walk met set entrance dirt sideroad molly morgan grimly picked suitcase marched draw hills ford truck squeaked goin valley ma yes yes scared pat humbert place pastures molly surveyed grimy acknowledged introduction schoolteacher mean think whiteside lives sure clerk board school board wondered look
doctor burleigh told neighbor rosicky bad heart rosicky protested guess heart pretty asthma maybe awful short breath pitchin hay summer dat rosicky heart makes short breath tell re sixty worked hard heart tired careful heavy boys home farmer looked doctor gleam amusement queer triangular shaped eyes eyes large lively lids caught middle curious formed triangle look sick brown face creased wrinkled ruddy color smooth shaven cheeks lips brown mustache hair thin ragged ears gray forehead naturally high crossed deep parallel lines ran pointed crown rosicky face habit looking interested suggested contented disposition reflective quality gay grave gave detachment easy manner onlooker observer
complete disagreement spirit age filled disdain thinking attitude explained extent fact thought reached goal set chaos control ideals true civilization words written immured philosopher protecting privacy barrier abstractions active preacher creative musician practical organ builder abandoned civilization successful career spend uncivilized creatures edge primeval jungle albert schweitzer saintliest figures modern times born january kaysersberg german alsace ancestors sides ministers musicians paternal grandfather alsatian organist schoolmaster brothers held similar posts maternal grandfather pastor father leader evangelical congregation albert children sisters brother began picking melodies piano finger played hymn tunes parlor organ harmonies barely substituted organist church service gunsbach family brought shortly birth
wednesday february supper temp doubt rotten critical going home lateness season shortly starting today wind grew fresh southeast strong surface drift lost faint track immediately covering ground fairly rapidly lunch sight cairn hoped pass afternoon bowers sure west steered result passed pony camp seeing looking map tonight doubt east clear weather able correct mistake weather clear gloomy position especially sees difficulty recurring corrected error wind dying tonight sky clearing south hopeful satisfactory note untoward events fail damp spirit party tonight pony hoosh excellent filling feels strong vigorous thursday march lunch cold night minimum cold start march usual marched sight depot flag miles eleven half yesterday marched morning heavy dragging yesterday heavy morning
met remarkable ved mehta certainly persons adjusted closer tapping vast potential human idea hear deal young young blind heard ved mehta father delhi dr amolak mehta deputy director general health services indian government call home mutual friend spoke young son fifteen dr mehta told ved attending school blind children rock arkansas hoped returned america occasion explained son united states unfortunate station blind person india disposition asia assume blind person doomed beggar cane chair maker dr mehta want son normal don want weave baskets feel condemned things blind trained learned dr mehta ved totally blind age severe attack meningitis
familiar short nonfiction prose selections forms writing read newspapers magazines find books composed series short selections kind writing covers broad range subjects writers aims styles varied subjects biographical selections read pages specialized subdivision group essay difficult recognize immediately travels disguises passage difficult define agree essays articles nonfictional prose article frequently concentrates facts essay concentrates developing idea essay presents idea personal opinion author newspaper editorial column likely approach essay piece written interviewed famous scientist simply presents scientist opinions likely article modern essay travels disguise essays past writing short nonfictional prose goes course antiquity find examples essay testament writings greeks romans
sea exist bewildering abundance surface waters deck vessel look hour hour shimmering disks jellyfish gently pulsating bells dotting surface notice early morning passing sea brick red color billions billions microscopic creatures orange pigment granule noon moving red seas darkness falls waters shine eerie glow phosphorescent fires billions trillions creatures glimpse abundance fierce uncompromisingness sea look rail water clear deep green suddenly passes silver shower finger fishlets sun strikes metallic gleam flanks streak driving deeper green depths desperate speed hunted hunters sense presence gulls hovering eager mewing cries waiting fish driven surface sail days end seeing recognize indications empty water empty sky reasonably conclude spot earth barren open ocean
goggle dive djerba island tunisia met sharks underwater magnificent gun metal creatures feet swam pairs servant remoras uneasy fear calmed saw reaction diving companion simone scared sharks passed haughtily djerba sharks entered shark casebook religiously red sea sharks appeared numbers census lost data covering hundred shark encounters varieties offer conclusions acquainted sharks tell shark going separated shark abyss fish lives mesozoic rocks changed hundred million gulf ages evolved marine creatures relentless indestructible shark need evolution oldest killer armed fray existence beginning sunny open sea islands boa vista maio cape verde group atlantic swell beat exposed reef walls flume high air sight dread hydrographers mark sternly warn mariner
seen africans sudanese clerks tanzanian automobile salesmen liberian doctors gambian lawyers nurses secretaries politicians soldiers artists writers african writers tell stories kinds books find variety find africa past tribe stories poetry passed young africans listened stories learned history young writers interested taking place africa skills record happening today writing stories telling firelight writing writers tell land books meet west coast chinua achebe written called things fall hero lived white hero powerful tortured change writer west coast ntieyong akpan wooden gong writes village amos tutuola written wild funny book called palm wine drunkard meet east coast river love middle clan rivalry
boys africa millions stories show differently live live depends largely place live land climate affect food clothes homes jobs thoughts abubakar lives dry thorn lands desert rains family move find grass animals abubakar family nomads move place place building homes nomadic herdsmen parts africa nomads farmers herders nomads proudest earth nomad africa hard lonely free doe wreh lives west coast father linked sea food sea doe wreh father money fish catches coastal waters kinds fish tuna anchovy mackerel kingfish fish run boat comes empty nets hard luck patience freedom atum lives inland home savanna grasslands area wet dry seasons family makes living land atum father land owns land part africa
safari means trip swahili trip continent africa thousands unusual interesting things learn africa trip point give idea going book fourth century city meroe left knows invaders north arrived find empty city found pyramids meroe camels horses donkeys walked west land barren unfriendly hundreds later descendants settled shores lake chad brought seeds kingdoms benin ife lake chad surrounded countries niger nigeria cameroon chad thousand miles meroe sudan ancient city timbuktu settled named slave girl buktu left guard master goods tim means place timbuktu famous mosquitoes past university center moslem culture timbuktu mali niger river largest rubber plantation liberia developed american rubber company history america liberia closely linked group freed american slaves settled liberia
selection story mwasa jjuko uganda jjuko wrote story student stephen marvin teacher training classes path winds eastern slopes kill devil hill winds green banana groves village goes grass flat land snake disappears lake nnabugabo fishermen walk path village lake bare feet path clear grass grandfather hundred lives winding path enjoy visiting tells wonderful stories sun pulling lake nnabugabo egg yolk began sitting heap cloth bark trees morning ago fifty moving path ding ding ding ding ding sang bells hanging dogs bellies hunting horns sounded moved quickly rhythm boys front panting heavy load hunting nets elders spears carry morning cold sweat stood faces excited paused pulled pipe flat grassy land set nets
crowd road dancers center crowd tips ostrich feather headdresses glad trip miles bumpy dirt road red dust clinging clothes fills noses blurs eyes hot thirsty tired hear drums suddenly feel tired crowd huge circle center cleared space dancers part contest dancers chosen national dance company company called heart beat uganda tour heart beat egypt success egypt bring invitations countries expo canada find dancers performing sell crowds canadian newspapers rave dancers chosen tribe dances tribe uganda wants dances chosen heart beat uganda countryside contests held schoolyards stadiums open fields performing royal dance bwola past bwola danced tribal events
small fat tailed sheep grazes lawn classroom bright red flowers hang door lizard crawls lazily door frame low hum voices comes open windows morning classes college begun suddenly boy shouts stupid girl sound hissing comes classroom voices rise boys shout teacher tries quiet ugly words brutal words girl shouts girl runs room crying friend runs hear boys shouting teacher waste stupid females sir care learn girls run hear voices anymore margaret girl crying falls grass friend koli drops koli tries comfort margaret don cry margaret stupid didn answer question margaret sobs don answer answer suddenly don margaret begins cry harder answers sit class think studied hard don need afraid afraid teacher calls boys hiss shout give answer suddenly mind blank
pan africa dream future africa divided tribes language living group think countrymen feel strangers enemies trying bring share common goals real problem africa history wars groups tribal hatred easy europeans africa europeans divided africa africans late europeans hand starting bring african groups put end tribal warfare brought africans tribes schools jobs differences tribe important start africans began hard unite hammering idea loyalty nation tribe pointed nation working win independence salesmen meant africans schooled europe soon independence young listened thought end war ii important document signed
atum lies dark afraid sleep quiet brothers sisters asleep floor hut turns quietly thinks tomorrow tomorrow going father family going leave land tribe going miles south land strangers darkness hut atum fear grows strangers speak language feel part feel harm kill atum lies dark fear morning dawn usual family atum father calls sit hut atum father looks south top tall grass sure son yes father didn decide decided father says shakes head reasons don change mind stay home wish money bus trip daylight atum curiosity greater fear want city teacher says won hurt battle burned huts father begins
line bicycles bobs dirt road line stretching miles boys bicycles wear clean white shirts clean shorts laugh joke silent fourteen eighteen joking worried ten morning christophe bicycling hours sun hot leans keeping hand handlebars hand pulls large handkerchief stained dust mops forehead top head neck sound car buzzes morning christophe boys pull narrow road bumpy boy falls brush car rushes past sending clouds thick dust christophe turns head dust eyes bicycle road glares angrily car going road wrapped dust looks white shirt bad looks clean miles sees gate school bicycles ahead turn road gate christophe follows schoolyard hundreds bicycles lie ground lean tree trunks
times past governments nations controlled kings king held power nation government able rule force reason called absolute monarch today absolute monarchs left nations kings greatly limit power kings called limited monarchs nations single leader small group leaders rules force absolute rulers called dictators nations called dictatorships americans fortunate live nation ruled force believe rule term american government refers authority power americans set help rule affairs developed form government leaders responsible power change abolish part system longer works wouldn live chooses couldn manage affairs government need follow rules order order answer questions need understand purposes government large groups lived found government anthropologists social scientists study physical social cultural development mankind
famous english leader william pitt ago constitution united states pattern future constitutions receive admiration future ages proved truth words constitution oldest written plan government working successfully constitutions nations patterned constitution united states successful based ideals concerning government system government enables put ideals action ideals provide key understanding american system government declaration independence states governments receive deserved powers consent approval governed basic ideals founding fathers built constitution believed government receive powers governs powers grant give consent system government goes effect idea government consent governed found opening sentence constitution clearly states plan government established united states ordain order establish constitution constitution united states representatives ratified special conventions representing states effect
drafting constitution founding fathers believed safeguards written protect rights americans constitution states ratification roar disapproval virginia patrick henry protested vigorously lack specific statement rights americans states demanded bill rights added constitution number states ratified constitution conditionally approve constitution changed include rights american government effect bill rights added ten amendments constitution congress discussed nearly proposals amendments presented ten states approval states ratified amendments part constitution ten amendments constitution bill rights set priceless rights freedoms americans enjoy summary freedoms freedom guaranteed bill rights freedom religion guaranteed amendment freedom religion guarantees americans practice religion choose practice religion congress forbidden establish religion nation official religion congress favor religion tax citizens order support religion
nation early federal government face problem bringing separate states united nation impossible task founding fathers travel states difficult took roads poor dirt roads mail delivery extremely slow took weeks letter massachusetts georgia communication difficult isolated settlements scattered population united central government beginning federal government realized transportation facilities extremely important nation american leaders knew roads forms transportation basis united country transportation needed develop nation resources growth agriculture industry american leaders knew transportation system needed defense enforce nation laws collect taxes result federal government soon involved helping build roads canals economic plan called american system passed congress important part program construction roads tie industrial northeast farmers south west passed nation grew states atlantic seacoast american continent pacific ocean
federal government performs services activities play important role daily lives activities intended assist government services designed promote welfare american citizens addition federal government services intended meet special needs groups citizens activities national government direct effect lives americans doctor cared child received advice information public health service baby foods ate tested food drug administration sure pure took trip bus train visit relatives living interstate commerce commission helped sure received service charged fair rates federal government interested student young american office education furnishes information school ways provide education students federal funds help support programs education school telephone friends federal communications commission scenes making sure receive efficient service agency helps guard airwaves enjoy radio television programs plan summer vacation services federal government
look word dictionary find meanings group occupying definite territory organized government subject control description fits independent nations france brazil burma states united states states nation independent free control states part federal union share powers national government word describing pennsylvania alabama colorado washington states country began states act small nations states articles confederation recall issued money regulated trade crossing borders treated neighboring states foreign nations looked america divided small weak nations founding fathers worked hard hours constitutional convention establish form government states agreed give powers order form perfect union resulting form government called federation federal union powers federal government powers retained states national government federal government power regulate trade states conduct foreign affairs print coin money set postal service build army navy
european settlers america brought strong family ties belief importance family colonial family neighbor ways colonial families common early beginnings american extent exists census united states showed average family children families larger country largely rural americans lived farms child welcome addition family plenty farm older boys worked father learned plow soil plant seeds harvest crops care animals repair barns fences chores small farm mother taught daughters sew cook soap heavy household chores family going early american farm hard backbreaking farm children attend school labor needed farm early farm family basic unit produced family needed order survive contribution family member family going family depended members part
million students enrolled nearly thousand schools colleges united states cost running educational enterprises early billion million teachers engaged tasks education united states willing put money effort education american proud progress achievements educational system main reasons interest schools exist aid development individual american citizen earliest days nation american importance individual purpose education serve individual citizen person opportunity study learn order develop talents abilities declaration independence sets american belief created equal endowed creator inalienable rights liberty pursuit happiness result americans believe citizen equal chance education schools aid development american nation welfare american depends willingness ability individual talents contribute welfare entire nation
beginning american settlers tried pick locations natural advantages settlements farmers attracted fertile river valleys later plains interested trade commerce knew place harbor help build prosperous trade natural dam site river provide power mills bend river provided landing place riverboats today sunny climate sandy beaches snow capped mountains encourage growth tourist center retirement community american settlers moved inland settled main roads crossed crossroads generally place sell supplies travelers enterprising settler build inn crossroads blacksmith found business shoeing horses repairing wagons farmers small settlement trade crossroads settlement grew thriving city young american nation depended largely rivers lakes oceans means transportation waterways america helped determine location cities largest cities american colonies deep water ports atlantic coast boston york philadelphia charleston cities large inland cities grew lake ports major rivers st paul minneapolis minnesota located easy reach stopping points upper mississippi river
full risks uncertainties chance illness accident possibility losing job person house burn destroyed earthquake flood motorist involved accident sued thousands dollars injured accident father die leaving widow young children means support certainty age able earn living economic system includes arrangements protect part risks uncertainties protections called insurance private insurance individuals companies choose pay united states insurance required federal programs type insurance called social insurance thought suffer loss thousand willing pay small sum say sure didn run risk insurance system paying small amount avoid risk large loss small amount pays protection called premium premiums paid yearly regular times large loss insured called principal sum contract kind protection called insurance policy
united states expect live land opportunity believe jobs want believe wages salaries high enable workers families eat dress live comfortable homes enjoy luxuries americans expect government report early estimated family income thousand order live fairly urban area pay necessities food clothing shelter average city family needed thousand happens family income minimum needed members family necessities clothing longer family eat stay healthy housing acceptable standards family income falls minimum levels danger hunger cold find difficult stay alive money afford bare necessities live poverty poor united states early million americans living poverty poor part country
important things decide kind want enjoyable unpleasant problem find kind suits suited happy worker person found job fits special needs citizens united states freedom job choice free choose kind job occupation wish try enter government official tells apply job freedom choice important choose career means choose kind job suits interests intelligence abilities need follow occupation father mother young american free dream plan future young americans free set goals abilities allow free society worker agree job offered turn job hired worker quit job worker free job job save money business freedoms guarantee happiness prosperity give american chance try kind person wants find success job
happen member family seriously ill suppose doctors undergo tests operation suppose spend weeks hospital cost pay bills illness cost thousands dollars family kind health insurance part cost covered rest millions americans health insurance cost medical care high rising fast american spent billion health woman child spent times total general cost living increased cost medical care faster health care system getting money measure nation health infant mortality number babies die countries lower infant mortality rates united states included britain france sweden japan rates going faster developed countries health care facilities fourteen countries doctors united states relative population countries hospital beds
environment earth consists thin layer air water covers fourths surface globe soil depend food clothing shelter part environment important part environment dirty impure contaminated polluted pollution destroy plants animals upset balance nature countless living creatures pollution harms human beings pollution occur rid don want harmful unburned gases automobile engines exhausted air unwanted smoke gases factories smelters power plants home furnaces millions smokestacks chimneys ashes soot gases carried wide wind air impure discard tires bottles cans automobiles highways streams chemical plants steel mills pour wastes rivers lakes oceans pollute environment started ago dumping caused damage early town bought piece swampland serve dump plenty land minded small scale damage environment early factory built river dumped waste river river belong complained
environment changing quickly buildings highways built jet planes streak skies course helpful create problems living things depend animals depend green plants oxygen breathe plants carbon dioxide air break carbon oxygen carbon food pure oxygen released atmosphere animals breathe oxygen need live breathe carbon dioxide cycle begins green plants oxygen supply animal including human beings live ways living things depend bacteria feed fallen leaves causing decay decaying matter enriches soil plants trees grow turn supply food animals rabbits squirrels deer kinds birds birds eat insects feed plants seashore tiny shellfish live marshes wetlands provide food shrimp oysters minnows turn feed larger fish schools herring tuna salmon seafood important humans ways living things including links chain link chain living things depending link suffer
words moment morning moment bed night constantly words words continually words words friends relatives teachers inform advise criticize commentators actors advertisers bombard words radio television words printed textbooks newspapers magazines lull sleep anger depend words word leads rarely word friendly conversation statement person say return question asked answer discussion words spoken support point view words spoken newspaper argument presented editorial frequently answered letters editor discussed read hold words master words let words master move word mastery facts words mind language offers rich choice words writers speakers able select words communicate message readers listeners broader vocabulary able choose wisely
word meaning unknown unexpected barricade highway find obstacle progress stops word important understood meaning sentence entire paragraph lost context important aid understanding unfamiliar words detour obstacle starting point determining meaning unfamiliar word context study carefully relationships known words unknown word frequently careful analysis enable intelligent guess unfamiliar word meaning let say sentence ship tied quay word quay unfamiliar likely seen careful study words surround reveals quay sort dock pier ships tie places context clues occur frequently worth learning familiarity common clues help build ability recognize unfamiliar words direct explanation frequently meaning unfamiliar word words groups words follow unfamiliar term define note meaning italicized word paragraph words surround town marshall yellow sky known liked feared corner prominent person san antonio meet girl believed loved usual prayers actually induced marry consulting yellow sky part transaction
tend think terms pictures word democracy creates image mental screens think voting machine ballot politicians debating words visualize picture sort based past experience general knowledge concrete words create visualizable images readily abstract words word concrete appeals sense sight hearing smell taste feeling word cow permits readily visualize animal word names word explode mental image appeals sense hearing abstract words hand readily immediately create mental pictures word gratitude suggest sharply focused picture word possess create single image remember concrete words concrete words tend suggest similar images word kitchen picture room similar essential respects mental image include stove refrigerator sink tables chairs words tend suggest pictures abstract word education mental picture picture individual picture classroom fondly reluctantly remembered teacher shelf books word suggest essentially pictures
curious concept haunted american literature idea american written imagined single literary comprehensive include represent strata united states geographical social economic political religious psychological hopeless try catalogue general terms endless possibilities expected fully embody dramatize give expression total spirit american american novels american attempts write book john dos trilogy interesting published developed number fictional techniques enable author invoke historical character tell stories widely separated representative individuals reads anthology things kind attempt reach end evident novelist thomas wolfe wolfe true enormous appetite experience tried digest american adventures single character hero enormousness experience combined frantic desire include overwhelms novelist books
america discovered accident european merchants found trade china india profitable bought asian spices jewelry silks sold articles prices europe trouble took costly transport goods land routes east china india europe italian cities controlled trade east european countries spain portugal explorers sailing ships search shorter easier route east surprising thing happened europeans stumbled continent called america spanish government expedition seek sea route china king ferdinand queen isabella gave seaman italy christopher columbus fleet small ships purpose unusual trip exploration days columbus convinced spanish monarchs reach china short sailing westward atlantic ocean map page shows explorers going east africa ways columbus suited lead expedition excellent seaman born busy italian seaport genoa youth sea soon skilled pilot mapmaker columbus believed round
british colonies successful answer poor chance living british america home colonies nations english king english parliament law making body strict french spanish governing colonies king gave permission business companies settle govern colonial territories company attracted settlers providing transportation america land food agricultural tools repayment company gained exclusive trading rights settlers poor colonies indentured servants woman agreement indenture captain ship exchange passage america captain sell services indentured servant period end settler free start farm business land easy acquire rich poor instance order draw settlers colony virginia gave acres person stayed head family receive additional acres family member family owner acres cost settlers bought land price low
course british government thought differently declaration independence independent states damned sneered british officials americans rebellious criminals needed sound whipping war began end officially looked british whip americans trained army navy times defeated poorly organized patriot forces wheel fortune turned brought victory americans summer king george iii large army navy america put rebellion british hired regiments german soldiers known hessians german hesse fight forces sailed colonial ports took cities coast york philadelphia newport rhode island savannah georgia charleston south carolina occupied british troops cities british detachments chased american militia inland redcoats success coast early war british won important victory battle island soldiers sailors brought battle revolution british americans august british army navy landed strong force island drive american army
john augustus sutter emigrated switzerland united states california owner large estate sacramento river built lumber mill small fort sutter fort stands today historical exhibit james marshall worker stopped sutter office excitement mystery sutter later event follows marshall asked door locked replied gladly lock knew strange took thing whim gun room afraid supposed acted queerly wanted tell secret considered important replied affirmative marshall pulled trousers pocket white cotton rag contained rolled unfolding show contents door opened clerk knew presence passed room exclaimed marshall quickly thrusting cotton cloth pocket didn tell listeners appeased ordered clerk retire locked door brought mysterious secret opening cloth held hand
large rooms congress meets called chambers house representatives senators front chamber platform officer charge writing tables recording clerks seats members arranged large half circle facing front sides balcony called gallery visitors watch goes starting january congress meets meeting known congressional session regular sessions congressional term branch congress officer charge vice president presides senate elected entire country house representatives representative called speaker runs things elected representatives means actually chosen political party votes house majority party speaker powerful official deal control happen congress congressman simpson takes seat house says newcomer listens sees things leader political party house leader party power called majority leader leader party minortiy leader chosen election
travel miles capitol building northwest pennsylvania avenue executive mansion home president united states known white house charming building set acres beautiful trees flower gardens lawns dancing water fountains begun president house rebuilt expanded times today tall white graceful columns stand front mansion interior dignified marble floors crystal chandeliers antique furniture floor number large rooms receiving official visitors east room green room blue room red room president official dinner dining room comfortably seat guests table floors reserved living quarters president family office government business conducted lives white house important leaders president united states news private says goes meets favorite sports foods music publicized newspapers television family public property millions lady wears decorates white house president children behave antics presidential dog
founding fathers wrote united states constitution political parties agreed george washington political parties harm washington cautioned rival organizations dividing country put loyalty party loyalty country divide country hostile groups washington convinced single word constitution political parties important part lives americans found govern nation explain political party organized group tries candidates elected office control government acting election political party support candidate office members political party elected government major political parties united states organizations national headquarters washington branches part country lasted thing political organizations help voters minds presidential election political parties political parties help narrow choice candidates voters enter voting booth faced names president
hamilton jefferson started political parties america young nation split factions government policy factions opposing groups hamilton led faction known federalists jefferson led opposing faction known democratic republicans later known democrats factions organized turned political parties tried elect pass laws federalist party democratic party generally educated federalists included bankers merchants manufacturers newspaper editors clergymen hamilton believed educated wealthy control country communities divide rich born mass turbulent stormy changing seldom judge determine give class distinct permanent share government check restrain unsteadiness hamilton thought federal government power rich born rule country democrats regarded party days drew support farmers planters jefferson wanted farmers greatest influence government united states manufacturing nation wrote labor earth chosen god chosen
convention called order speeches party platform approved convention chairman asked delegates place names prospective presidential nominees convention suggested top contenders nixon rockefeller reagan voting began states alphabetical order chairman delegatiion called vote delegates nixon soon lead wisconsin reached votes needed majority governor warren knowles wisconsin stood entire convention held breath announced wisconsin casts votes nominee convention richard nixon convention broke uproar nixon won delegates marched aisles cheering shouting later presidential nominee strode speaker stand delivered acceptance speech vice president nixon recommended governor spiro agnew maryland nominated delegates president picks running mate weeks later chicago democrats chose presidential vice presidential candidates hubert humphrey edmund muskie real battle republican versus democrat september october candidates traveled visited large cities small towns spoke vigorously crowds large halls outdoor playing fields colleges shopping plazas appeared television interviewed newspapermen
matters stood late south angry slaveholders furious northern abolitionists wanted valuable slave property enraged unlawful behavior whites helped fugitive slaves escape hated abolitionists stirred slaves revolt northerners felt slavery south business southerners decide slaves matter fact northerners busy taking care affairs paid attention south things northerners want want slavery spread western states want south secede union small group abolitionists campaigned free slaves civil war fighting country broke worst war american history let happened branches congress northern hands southerners began rely president protection sympathetic president persuaded veto congressional bills harmful south president regarded hostile slave states antislavery party republican party elected candidate president united states
history books written ago omitted fact blacks enriched american ways mentioned black americans connection music sports history books phyllis wheatley slave child outstanding poet mention benjamin banneker famous scientist mathematician lived times remainder chapter discuss blacks contributed country let blacks group america let learn individual lives black americans america depended blacks force build prosperity slavery freedom afro americans worked farms raising cotton tobacco southern crops black labor cotton clothes cigarettes america addition large numbers black city jobs worked unskilled semiskilled occupations unskilled job require training pay low janitors maids unskilled workers semiskilled job requires training pay higher examples truck driving factory cooking increasing numbers blacks entering higher types demand considerable training include skilled occupations auto mechanic carpenter bricklayer areas fame fortune open blacks music sports
booker washington born virginia slave rose important black leader slavery abolished hampton institute college blacks virginia supported working janitor washington taught school alabama asked start college blacks president tuskegee institute washington built college buildings plantation buildings students buildings erected students educator preached blacks improve lot educating depending efforts believed skilled farmers learn trade ahead washington impression hard clean manners ideas carried tuskegee school famous washington outstanding orator spoke nation thought wisest country president united states theodore roosevelt asked washington advice black affairs washington autobiography slavery popular book period later black groups criticized washington attacked urging blacks fight rights washington thought blacks raise economic means helping
crime social conditions psychological problems individual persons looking understand crime occur city suburbs rural communities social conditions psychological problems worst city slums crimes committed nearly half violent crimes united states committed cities cities sixth nation population poverty lead crime strong influence unemployed turn robbery money live crowded tenements hope poor education social recreational centers slum sections city young seek money look adventure unlawful activities reason crime families able teach children respect law immigrant parents lose control children country ideas person behave young learn values slum neighborhoods belief person values include beat kid gang steal tires car sell
secret organization called american protective association popular united states claimed million members apa spread hatred catholics member person oath solemnly promise swear allow member roman catholic church member order knowing influence promote interest protestants employ roman catholic capacity procure services protestant human inhumane oath prejudiced believes catholic dangerous inferior mind person says catholic prejudice strong unchanging attitude person holds group prejudiced learn children born prejudices learn prejudices family associate community live hear prejudiced say outsiders groups begin think prejudice result fear distrust strangers believe religious practices threatened unfamiliar customs forced jobs
crowded bus montgomery alabama stopped white passengers driver told blacks sitting front bus move rear law required ride mrs rosa parks refused leave seat later plain tired feet hurt driver summoned police arrested act aroused black community montgomery decided boycott bus company negroes personal commercial vehicles provide transportation walked refused ride buses sit chose took case court force bus company stop discrimination bus boycott lasted days historic turning point civil rights movement south showed southern blacks fight rights thrust dr martin luther king jr national spotlight black leader king born january holiday communities son atlanta georgia preacher remembered child father took store buy pair shoes white clerk approached move glad help wait father shot won buy shoes
united states wealthiest nation history mankind reason country blessed abundant natural resources resources build rich industrial nation strong military forces protect precious possession country plants minerals natural resources change farm products factory goods united states large population benefit labor thinking number million present population large overcrowd land inhabit statistic tells country crowded population density average number square mile land population density united states persons square mile compare japan persons square mile britain united states crowded parts population spread evenly country look states jersey greatest population density persons square mile alaska lowest density person square mile greatest concentrations country northeast midwest coastal california
birds fishes wild animals valuable resource important ways food clothing recreation early days indians white settlers relied partly wildlife food clothing times large quantity variety game inhabited america big game included deer buffalo elk moose provided meat food hides clothing wild turkeys pheasants quail geese ducks abundance fish swam streams lakes ocean shores today species wildlife united states fish longer important source food clothing hunting fishing popular forms recreation millions americans watching wild animals form recreation feel special happened unexpectedly wild animal natural setting waddling porcupine slinking fox strutting ring pheasant gaze skyward admiration gracefully circling hawks string canadian geese winging atlantic flyway united states beautiful country precious resource chief pastimes americans touring nation looking photographing scenic wonders land america natural beauty takes forms found parts country
federal government connection flood control waterpower outstanding federal activity tennessee valley authority set congress tva improved entire tennessee river system today chain dams control flow river dams reservoirs locks prevent floods improve ship navigation supply electric power helped bring prosperity states federal government built number dams united states similar purposes today federal government plays important part conserving soil country thing tries educate treat soil soil conservation service sends literature farmers lectures demonstrations farmers taught plow land soil run rains plant crops crop wearing soil experiments kinds soil conducted efforts soil loss reduced federal governments tried conserve natural resources wise forests wildlife soil waterways today governments face additional problem environment clean environment mean polluting dirtying environment place pollution
farming important occupation early days country land thing attraction free cheap land brought hundreds thousands european settlers american shores poor worked europe tenant farmers rich landlords saw america opportunity prosperous farmers colonial period percent living agriculture farmer grew crops raised livestock feed clothe family mixed farming farm produced wheat corn oats squash fruit flax berries raised farm animals farmer specialize crop farmer family ate farm later thing happened western part country immigrants easterners poured appalachian mountains mississippi river settle fertile lands pioneers laid mixed farms turned woodlots cabins barns sweated fields sunup sundown saw money hard independent satisfying farmer firmly established longer content raise supplies family wanted cash crop wanted crop sell money
bill swenson place finishing big supper bill leans table says don idea farmers bed roses times bad times bad times bad explain bill say bill continues farmers borrow money comes paying money farmer runs trouble grandfather bank borrow money buy farm happened grandfather swenson took loan bank willing lend money farming booming days bank charged high yearly interest rate percent loan mortgage farm mortgage agreement bank property bank loan repaid bill grandfather yearly payments loan bad times farm prices fell longer able earn money continue pay loan actually needed loan going bank refused give failing farm considered poor risk unlikely succeed credit meaning bank believe able repay loan
democrats elect president promised give workingman farmer deal franklin roosevelt took office depression worst economic times american history president congress immediately launched programs save american economy laws passed agricultural adjustment acts roosevelt convinced united states maintain normal granary plenty part crops held market storage bins granaries shortage stored crops sold farmer maintain steady market stable price bill swenson remembers days government took wheat father couldn sell decent price stored government supervised bins market improved dad sell meantime government gave loan based stored wheat sure helped overproduction ask part aaa federal government asked father cut grow acres wheat usual thousand dad promised pay crop unused acres government today similar agricultural laws greater benefits try help farmer profit
workers improved conditions carrying saying unity strength individual workingman factory manager beg wage increase manager refuses worker accept manager decision quit manager care worker quits worker thousand manager quickly hire person dissatisfied worker place suppose workers join ask raise manager think refusing workers walk factory shut profits workers unite power want management reason workers join labor unions labor union organization workers belong conditions called union organizers tried workers join unions worker fair deal big business organize big unions naturally popular bosses handled roughly factory guards union movement grew today labor unions important part american early craftsmen formed local unions included unions shoemakers tailors bricklayers carpenters number craft unions skilled workers joined create larger national trades union
federal governments passed labor laws laws meant strengthen unions meant control unions naturally unions try laws passed favor oppose laws harmful union trying favorable laws unions formed political party prefer favorable legislation democratic republican parties occasionally support party union leaders clear labor wants wait parties announce platforms union leaders issue statement telling party prefer labor unions supported democrats republicans course workers follow leaders advice voted party lives refuse change labor vote solid vote let look important labor laws passed federal government congress decided industry labor government agency department commerce labor established later agency separated distinct departments department labor assists workers ways administers labor laws improve working conditions increase employment opportunities conducts retraining courses lost jobs growing automation department collects labor statistics publishes
words stand ways carrying economic communism communism goods produced income distributed according government plans government owns controls factories farms makes important economic decisions general buy sell profit communism factory managers workers paid government carry government orders called command economy ordered government russia china communist countries capitalism communism capitalist economy private individuals government factories businesses farms capitalism known private enterprise private owners capitalists run enterprises profit want government interfere profit making capitalists want free seek fortunes countries today form private enterprise system united states countries past hundred argued economic system capitalism communism asked capitalism benefit karl marx famous german communist wrote middle factory owners grow richer richer expense workers finally conditions bad workers revolt drive capitalists yes john maynard keynes british economist wrote early
unlikely president military force try free foreign prison department defense includes armed services united states army air force navy marines military forces exist main purposes defend country case attack help carry american foreign policy repeatedly later unit united states called armed forces enforce foreign policy early armed forces united states weak today americans feel peace loving armed united states frightening countless airplanes warships rockets nuclear missiles armament factories military bases abroad united states possesses powerful military force seen armed forces manned volunteers young choose join army air force navy marines number lifetime career wartime volunteers meet requirements defense department selective service act permits government draft young armed forces difference draft worked vietnam war young age register draft board community
spanish government love independent country united states spain mistress vast colonial empire feared colonies copy americans declare independence americans help colonies throw spanish rule spanish officials let united states weak weak united states threat colonies spanish government prevent growth young nation spanish soldiers occupied territory present states mississippi alabama tennessee territory belonged united states treaty paris spain claimed refused remove soldiers spain sold guns indians raids american settlements spain closed mississippi river american shipping hostile spanish behavior greatly angered americans bad feeling existed countries situation suddenly changed britain spain enemies war likely spanish rulers thought sense enemies treaty drawn madrid spain american diplomat thomas pickney pinckney treaty americans exchange american friendship spaniards agreed show respect united states ways gave claims american territory
monroe doctrine spain portugal won lost colonies real test monroe doctrine france invaded mexico seized control country ruler prince austria maximilian emperor mexico protected french army happening united states fully engaged fighting civil war war end american government cast stern eye mexico want nonsense french warned european nation allowed mexico set monarchy war threatened french mexico match powerful american army troops texas end civil war enforce monroe doctrine fight french troops french army sailed home emperor maximilian captured mexican patriots shot firing squad monroe doctrine created curious problem european countries stay western hemisphere suppose latin american country treated european country unfairly hide monroe doctrine bad boy hiding mother skirts say don dare touch united states punish unjust
believe government defects present united nations let imaginary case explain country alpha invades smaller neighbor country beta alphans defeat betans demand betans un security council called emergency session charges aggression alphans betans demand alphans withdraw troops beta pay damages alphans strong ally security council permanent members rest security council votes condemn alpha friendly nation vetoes resolution security council takes official action words security council supposed peace takes action veto holds things let suppose resolution adopted security council vetoed alpha ordered withdraw beta proud angry alphan government pays attention un order continues pleases words going stop alphans big problem un nations obey decisions united nations order goes interests country government obey refuses give sovereignty government
judicial power united states vested supreme court inferior courts congress ordain establish judges supreme inferior courts hold offices behavior stated times receive services compensation diminished continuance office judicial power extend cases law equity arising constitution laws united states treaties authority cases affecting ambassadors public ministers consuls cases admiralty maritime jurisdiction controversies united states party controversies states citizens citizens states citizens thereof foreign states citizens subjects cases affecting ambassadors public ministers consuls party supreme court original jurisdiction cases mentioned supreme court appellate jurisdiction law fact exceptions regulations congress trial crimes cases impeachment jury trial held crimes committed committed trial place places congress law directed
electors meet respective states vote ballot president vice president inhabitant ballots person voted president distinct ballots person voted vice president distinct lists persons voted president persons voted vice president number voted lists sign certify transmit sealed seat government united states directed president senate president senate presence senate house representatives open certificates votes counted person greatest number votes president president number majority number electors appointed person majority persons highest numbers exceeding list voted president house representatives choose immediately ballot president choosing president votes states representation vote quorum purpose consist member members thirds states majority states choice
single answer question asia covers million square miles earth north south america touches africa joined europe thought separate africa separated asia red sea joining link land small cut trench trench suez canal land west canal part asia europe matter speaking land mass europe asia spoken eurasia call part europe rest asia europe common threads background peoples broad sense say ways living european asia single common thread eurasia land mass collection puzzle pieces sorted puzzle asked question piece fit europe piece fit europe leftover pieces tagged asia leftovers fit non matching puzzle pieces tossed box races shades skin asia clothing varies widely wide differences weather
li chinese family lived china hundreds grandfathers ago li trace live malaysia days called malaya li proud chinese background citizen malaysia malaysian government li chinese li tin mines government let rule tin lands leased chinese li speak chinese recently family begun learn malay language english speak li family ties ancient chinese religions methodists li parents parents chose methodist girl class wife mrs li fine home part kuala lumpur called kenny hill mercedes benz germany mahmud malay drives teen age daughters share austin sports car family bought trip england members li family school england favorite countries li house garden view mountains east tamil south india ago takes care garden
strangers coming dayak villages weeks chinese communists dayaks knew communists want spend days trying jungle taking bits land cut small trees heavy plants burn spot ash makes hillside soil richer sharp sticks poke holes ground hole drop grains rice pray rain move huts close fields protect crop animals jungle crop ripe cut grain heads rice threshed move forest grow half dozen trees plants burn wait ash crops busy communists wanted wanted fight government indonesia indonesia city called djakarta days journey djakarta rules follow later hear rules reason leave fields families wish fight government
fujiro ohashi navy officer war ii bravery skill handling planes known daring stunt flyer japanese pilot blind landing aircraft carrier night fujiro captain admiral war ended happens hero war fighter pilot salesman businessman captain ohashi lost job trouble feeding young wife children steady job night watchman warehouse fairly comfortable family lived small house close tokyo things crowded city captain wife en managed japanese plays plays japanese actors hundreds ohashi family liked festivals dozens japan liked sports took children fishing week en fujiro neighbors public baths women alike soaked naked bodies hours water hot steaming bathers liked
sulli born kota twelve hundred kotas living villages southern india untouchables farmed land repaired things needed villages played music weddings funerals allowed earn living kotas higher caste person schools stores restaurants closed list rules kotas obey sulli learned rules early expected follow easy tell looking sulli kota kota boys hair boy reached age hair tied arranged head tying special ceremony meant boy hair put sulli finished stage school dropped school didn interest kotas school sulli later sulli friends playing catch horn young buffalo ball dressed member badaga caste stopped watch game lower school sulli
boys wang yu sat circle floor stern faced white bearded sat center circle book wrinkled hands read line book boys repeat line going shortly dawn continue dark boys home teacher repeated line boys idea words meant learning heart wang yu pupils learned hundreds lines hundreds chinese signs formed words wang yu school called family school teacher important person families pupils chinese saying shows feel teachers teaches child father child lifetime say family school teacher ruled chinese parents felt train children loved boys girls strict teacher view teacher knowledge willing beat students lazy spare rod spoil child started chinese saying
hunger northern china months friend hoping help village sick kinds sickness suffered cured food children pregnant women gathered entered village late fall air sharp towels thin blankets folds paper clothing bones showed clearly wrinkled skin women older distance children looked fed crowded bellies bloated hunger sores covered misshapen bodies dried puss coated swollen eyelids walk aid sticks canes walk crawled weakly hands knees moments friend circled ring living skeletons hands skin bone stretched voices desperate pleading soft whining begged food give health filled stomachs gave sense shame gently crowd village street sights sick lay gutters weak rise
famines asia chinese history records nearly thousand took place longer happen moment asia thousands millions starving case thing hundreds millions parts asia bed hungry night hungry heard stories ugly famines past fear future food hard parts asia reason lack farming land china times united states half farm land crops grown tenth china vast land miles india largest countries united states farming land land asian countries farm machinery asian farms small farm largely hand places land tractors afford machines things asian farmers need protect crops planted insects floods dry spells wipe farmer crops
po means precious plum flower born southern china youngest children rice farmer owned seventeen acres land yangtze river precious plum flower yangtze overflowed banks rushing muddy waters swept house father drowned rest family survived clinging floating rooftop shed mother suffering tuberculosis ill children parceled friends relatives po sold neighboring farm couple children flood later forced parents sell coastal city canton hundred miles hong kong po age freedom married lian ping wan eldest son family owned farm city po communists husband father twenty odd acres arrested landlord twelve hour public confession meeting spent knees hands tied shot head po pregnant joined husband laws fleeing border walked ten days exchanging clothing food
history american history begins account leaving familiar surroundings dangerous trip unknown place place place united states impossible tell story led decision statement true early chose exception negroes brought country history shared american dream belief things starting english coming opens country history hoped things began early group businessmen met fateful decision hear plan form company ready listen business england enjoying brought large profits eager put money earn money plan called meeting establish trading center place goods england sold
american colonial days terms ways everyday ties real united states today kind place built american govern elect president congressmen officials americans granted forget took hundreds experimentation conflict democracy developed involved events early knew writing chapters story american democracy story began charters king allowing business groups operate companies companies owned stockholders put money company buying shares stock company buy shares today according charters stockholders acting chose represent governed settlements accepted running profit seeking businesses settlements supposed settlements businesses profit colonies settlers worked place carrying business profit settlers establishing homes kinds problems
today full nations parts colonial empires ask give statement india vietnam nigeria nations africa asia give united states united states land history change colony nation english colonies america able complete successful colonial revolution want ship airplane york san francisco united states port united states port find travel american ship plane british french italian lines europe allowed carry passengers freight part united states american travel companies foreign companies congress passed law travel think law england passed similar laws shipping colonies country colonies countries policy trying strong increasing wealth wealth meant gold gold freeing dependence countries things
problems home leading beginning political parties events united states began divide political groups sharply foreign events government face squarely matter war question side foreign war started outbreak french revolution news french revolution welcomed united states americans saw french fighting tyranny king reminded struggle freedom french king beheaded picture changed group supported hamilton horrified event wave killing called reign terror felt revolution france power gotten hands uneducated propertyless fit jefferson supporters hand disapproving reign terror continued believe french shocked frightened events france countries tried stop revolution french fearing revolution put foreign armies declared war britain february americans took sides hamilton followers federalists supported english jefferson followers republicans strongly favored french americans divided foreign question divided hamilton financial plans differences political groups sharper
beginning mountains wall roads tunnels airplanes fly appalachians stretched high forbidding miles earliest days colonial settlement early line frontier crept slowly westward hacked clearings forest left settlements seek shelter danger settlements middle frontiersmen finally approached main appalachian barrier turned south valley virginia blue ridge mountains main ranges appalachians contact older settlements northern opening valley end line move west hundred miles mountain wilderness side side knew vast stretch indian country french trappers traders moved freely indian allies english traders braved dangers region profits business indians hunters farthest frontier knew side experience unable resist tales fabulously rich hunting grounds told frenchmen friendly indians soldiers returned campaigns french indians hunters mountains
louisiana purchase settled problem foreign neighbors trouble europe nations effect united states united states faced foreign policy problems beginning french revolution problems difficult france war save revolution difficult napoleon france set spread revolution europe united states treaties england france prevented open warfare treaties settle friction united states european powers interference neutral american trade temporary peace europe temporary halt acts americans found infuriating british attempts american ships reaching france european war began american troubles sea began renewed war brought renewed english determination prevent france countries french control getting trade united states goods france needed continue fighting brought renewed french determination england getting needed american products continuing profitable trade european countries france knew trade stopped england ability wage war weakened renewed war meant renewed opportunities merchants east coast united states
deny withdraw government threatens destructive rights tread path fathers proclaim independence hazard southerner statement senate united states expressed clearly southern view civil war danger south faced war prevent secession war thought north fight civil war southerners war independence union american revolution colonists war independence britain independence southerners choose battle independence maintain protect slavery existed thing freedom extend slavery nation grew southern nationalism directly challenged northern nationalists firmly believed nation nation indivisible northern minds involved holding union union held nation enjoyed freedom democracy strong nation strong protect destroyed democracy workable form government union northerners believed tested statistics shown graph left wonder south thought victory reasons southern confidence statistics factors involved
negro longer slave negro slavery issue dead issue relations negroes white alive frighteningly burningly alive issue stirred feelings deep reconstruction rebuilding south post civil war period failed failure reconstruction haunts united states today confederate states accepted fact military defeat confederacy destroyed relationship union tried leave president lincoln refused allow constitutional question members confederacy union hold process reuniting union certainly maintained states key reconstruction quick reasonable normal states lincoln put operation percent plan successor president andrew johnson continued lincoln death plan require difficult confederate states percent voters sign oath loyalty union put reconstruction hands white southerners willing pledge loyalty union disloyal took part war note special arrangements concerning important wealthy southerners
reconstruction part post civil war story lives touched ways producing goods developments figures identify turning point american figure showing goods manufactured united states bigger figure showing products grown farms agriculture important important industry source nation wealth change tremendous significance war interrupted industrial expansion war industry began grow faster date ways producing goods large scale parts economy united states industrial nation farms factories produced goods country civil war slowed rate economic growth war demands products encouraged expansion industries manufacturers items needed government carrying war woolen cloth uniforms shoes ammunition found flooded orders laws passed war favored industrial development tariff laws fixed rates protected industries foreign competition banking law created national currency accepted country laws granted charters corporations construct transcontinental railroad
foreign affairs american chief interest nineteenth century napoleon final downfall europe entered period freedom kind general war times involved united states able wanted beginning history europe rivalries quarrels domestic developments strengthened desire turn europe nation expansion coast coast completed crisis civil war resolved american wanted give attention settling continent transforming united states rank industrial nation united states respond developments borders friendly unfriendly relations united states latin america today traced pattern united states policy europe noninvolvement east pattern action cooperation countries latin america united states played lone hand expansionist appetite completely satisfied gains mexican war small group americans high government office thought expansion continue southern expansionists especially tempted cuba site slaveholding states
turning point nation person point change occurs course action undertaken course action abandoned point things spanish american war turning point united states history support spanish american war nearly unanimous war history fact makes results worth consideration popularity war special interest questions raised concerning war avoided treaty terms produced unfortunate mistake war developed cuban rebellion spain rebellion touched economic distress island bad economic conditions cuba caused partly provisions united states tariff seriously hurt sugar growers island cuban revolutionists burned sugar plantations owners paid requested blackmail protection hope drawing united states cuba protect american property spain claimed united states encouraging revolution assistance united states spain maintained revolution going spain charge truth united states government successful stopping gun smuggling united states cuban refugees sympathizers
reasonable war folly country sacrifice clash ancient hatreds urging destruction words editor york sun spoke majority american war broke august affairs knew crisis preceding unbelievable powers actually resorted war early twentieth century strong peace movement attracted worldwide support international court established offered avoid tragedy war hand deep rooted war nations bitterly competed military power overseas possessions nations lined nations system alliances united states involved alliances war broke europe president wilson proclaimed neutrality united states nation supported action american want involved war president want country involved united states enter war germany president wilson neutrality statement appealing american neutral thought speech asking impossible
war ii problems approached ways newly identified public concern economy grown millions achieved standards living enjoyed postwar presidents calling policies fair deal frontier society set constantly rising broadening goals national economy continues importance nation ways studying changed continue change congress rest nation feared end war ii bring unemployment background employment act act declared policy federal government promote conditions create maximum employment production purchasing power act specifically directs pursuing goals federal government pay attention obligations keeping price level stable act emphasized federal government share responsiblity economic growth improvement levels government private business council economic advisers set employment act president prepare reports economy recommend government policies reports issued council record economic history post war
efforts curb government spending blocked attempts move forward social legislation connection legislation expansion economy emphasized clear economy grow absorb crop young entering labor market achieve satisfactory standard living generally recognized inequalities educational opportunity states attempts widen federal aid education run controversies concerned aid parochial schools believed aid forbidden provision amendment regarding establishment religion education laws tried bypass provision framed terms providing aid children regardless school enrolled opposed federal assistance schools grounds found acceptable federal funds intended children depressed areas education fields government turned attention effort improve quality american laws passed strengthen weaknesses land plenty region country appalachia hard hit mining ways making living
supreme court post war ii handed series extremely important decisions concerned protection rights individuals constitutions bills rights protected courts order accused persons appeal courts able show denied rights guaranteed provisions federal constitution group recent supreme court decisions extended process holding states standards established ten amendments federal constitution amendments restricted federal government supreme court decisions early clear apply states fourteenth amendment adopted providing deprive person liberty property due process law thought amendment ten amendments binding states supreme court repeatedly decision applying part ten amendments states largest number decisions post war ii decisions dealt freedoms protected amendment decisions rights freedom speech press religion assembly guaranteed amendment essential parts liberty rights protected fourteenth amendment action fully protected action federal government
population indianapolis indiana growing population dallas texas cases re talking populations human beings term population mean speak eagles gorillas word population comes latin word populus means word population refer living area city ago scientists borrowed term scientists term population refer group plants animals specific area thing mind think plant animal population population includes plants animals kind correct speak eagle population area reason kinds eagles area area bald eagles golden eagles correct speak bald eagle population golden eagle population plant animal population home place find members population habitat habitat population cypress trees swamp florida swamp habitat population alligators kinds habitats swamps prairies forests ponds rivers oceans deserts
pesticides chemical poisons poisons death illness animal populations danger pesticides problem chemical poisoning obvious pesticides creates problems easy recognize early popular song called boy named sue heard father gave sue baby son son named father left returned sue grew manhood defending boys fun later sue grown found father wanted kill father giving caused trouble changed mind hearing father explanation father explained known son grow father named son sue knew boy forced live harder knew hard help develop boy tougher boy overcome handicap father let apply principle boy named sue pests pesticides suppose apple orchard want kill population insects eating apples
understand ecosystem understand term community community group populations lives area community type habitat populations living call populations living pond pond community forest community include populations living forest communities exist communities let point clear think populations forest single community forest community forest habitats soil habitat soil populations living likewise refer communities forest live caves mud puddles rotten logs community living part ecosystem part ecosystem physical environment physical environment answer question think things area forest alive include gases air include dead decaying materials leaves animal bodies answer question ecosystem ecosystem community interacting physical environment interacting means community affects physical environment physical environment affects community
swallow piece steak expect cells ate steak changed digestion process food cells food undergo basic food broken small pieces process called mechanical digestion food changed chemically changed molecules cells process called chemical digestion process related digestion called absorption process digested food bloodstream piece steak cells digested absorbed put food mouth things happen chew food teeth food mixed saliva watery fluid produced glands jaws processes chewing mixing saliva bring mechanical digestion food food particles smaller size mixing saliva helps process swallowing chemical digestion occur mouth saliva digestive enzyme chemical breaks food smaller molecules digestive enzyme saliva breaks foods starch crackers bread potatoes examples
cells body need oxygen cells give carbon dioxide removed body breathing process oxygen body carbon dioxide removed gaseous wastes removed breathing process air breathe percent oxygen air inhaled body nose mouth nose entrance hairs nose help filter dust particles special cells nose hairlike extensions clean air air spaces nose called sinuses warm air add moisture dry air nose mouth passes throat moves small opening larynx voice box voice box called adam apple opening lets air windpipe trachea feel larynx feel stiff rings inside trachea rings cartilage semihard material cartilage rings act wire car radiator hose trachea collapsing air passing trachea enters bronchial tubes inside lungs tubes branch rebranch small tube ends tiny air sac called alveolus
badly frightened mad things happened inside body things didn sugar stored liver suddenly released bloodstream sugar muscle cells sugar quick energy body ready case needed run fight automatic regulating action inside body caused adrenalin caused sugar released liver adrenalin produced adrenal glands top kidneys stimulates frightens adrenalin released bloodstream transported body acts messenger carrying instructions liver reacts adrenalin releasing sugar blood heart reacts pumping blood arteries arms legs increase diameter blood flow arm leg muscles muscles digestive system react slowing actions prepare body fight flight adrenalin hormone hormone thought chemical messenger travels bloodstream gland produces hormone called endocrine gland body endocrine glands function system endocrine system hormones ready body fight flight
environment organisms disease organisms small microscopic size include bacteria fungi viruses worm parasites damage gain entrance body bacteria microscopic single celled organisms bacteria harmless function decomposers ecosystems capable causing disease inside body conditions multiply clostridium tetani bacterium human disease don try memorize tetanus called lockjaw soil large numbers bacteria kind wound dirt likely bacteria tetanus disease fatal maybe depends wound tetanus bacteria multiply absence oxygen deep wounds puncture wounds caused nail knife bullet dangerous tetanus bacteria likely multiply shallow wounds closer air course disease causing bacteria multiply shallow wounds fungi singular fungus common organisms terrestrial ecosystems microscopic size function decomposers disease diseases generally common dangerous caused bacteria
diseases measles mumps likely reason disease body manufactured antibodies fight eventually antibodies destroyed invaders ended disease antibodies bloodstream part viruses measles mumps don chance multiply enter body antibodies present bloodstream destroy case immunity diseases immunity disease depends disease diseases measles chickenpox create lasting immunity immune rest diseases immunity short influenza disease diseases common cold immunity disease scientists antibodies remain body protect let suppose going experiment tube viruses human disease kill inject dead viruses person fool person antibody making machinery machinery act live viruses invaded body
ask doctor tell placebos frown minute wonder smile face doctors fascinated subject placebos placebos help understand suppose doctor office complaining bad pain suppose doctor patients pain relieving drug patients pill looks tastes pain relieving drug fake drug placebo results expect difficult predict happen pain patients react differently drugs doctors expect patients obtain relief pain patients took placebo results easier predict careful scientific studies shown placebo give patients relief pain behavior human beings hypnosis reveals power human mind dentists able perform kinds painful patients hypnotizing patient hypnosis told experience pain mind protect individual damage famous experiment forty volunteers allowed arms burned
term organism mean living individual virus organism scientists say virus nonliving borderline form virus smaller cell virus organelles cell fact virus inside living cell acts organism inside living cell virus reproduce virus cell nonliving grain sand virus inside cell reproduce times virus living cell copies process virus reproduction kills cell cell breaks open viruses spill viruses enter cells reproduce destroy term disease thought virus mentioned disease results viruses invade destroy cells tissue common cold smallpox chickenpox measles mumps forms pneumonia examples virus diseases bacteria small single celled organisms kinds bacteria biosphere numbers organisms populations difficult imagine picture mind teaspoon rich soil imagine soil half billion organisms
circus put pond water water mud hole jar add dead plant matter wait jar begins give bad odor whitish scum form surface water medicine dropper remove drop water surface slide water observe microscope won lions tigers elephants giraffes hundreds thousands creatures whirling diving spinning flopping performance creatures rival circus creatures live evil smelling environment saw called animalcules meaning miniature animals later called protozoa means animals creatures swimming stagnant water animals say certainly animals move animal characteristic consumers eat bacteria algae organisms animal characteristic animals today scientists say protozoans describe technical standpoint kingdom protista called animal protists term animal reserved multicellular organisms organized bodies animal characteristics mentioned
fungi include thousands kinds organisms single celled multicellular multicellular fungi tissues organs alike don counts lack chlorophyll don machinery carrying photosynthesis fungi obtain nutrients organisms live dead organisms saprophytes live bodies living organisms parasites fungi kingdom protista protozoans algae studied chapter scientists prefer call plants consider plants consider fungi plantlike algae number fungi called molds figure magnified view common bread mold typical mold starts single cell enclosed protective covering cell protective covering called spore photo round objects spore cases filled spores favorable location spore covering breaks cell enlarges nucleus divides times cell continues grow divide unusual organisms cell develop grows divides eventually mold growth large mass threadlike filaments chemicals produced mold filaments flow material mold growing
picture middle fast river sitting small rubber boat try stay place river anchor animals equipped strong current fish examples animals washed differences current separate groups organisms river winding river quiet pools water places group organisms area habitat places river moving faster shallow rapids waterfalls deep rumbling pools area river specific group organisms living currents strongest middle stream river spots exceptions understand help think small think small insect bottom river rock rock strong current flowing pass side stay rock protected current find food rock place home ecologist studying home call microhabitat small home
think freshwater ecosystems think separate bodies water lakes rivers ponds marine environment earth entire marine environment atmosphere single continuous body true geographers divide marine waters oceans seas bays piece parts huge body water marine environment piece mean barriers populations confined limited areas barriers effective barrier temperature temperature differences marine environment polar temperatures cold put cap ice sea water tropical bays warm delight humans bikini bathing suits salinity barrier salinity sea water salt content salinity varies place place open seas variation mouths rivers fresh water added wide range salinity area called estuary water brackish salt content brackish water normal sea water typical fresh water barrier depth marine environment thickest supporting environment earth places water miles deep thick depending want think
water main part habitat freshwater marine ecosystems water important part terrestrial ecosystems organisms living land definition living water free dependence die study terrestrial ecosystem ask question water ecosystem amount water big factor determining kind ecosystem learned temperature freshwater marine ecosystems uniform temperature vary ecosystems terrestrial ecosystems aquatic ecosystems organisms surrounded atmosphere burrowing organisms exception temperature atmosphere varies greatly places warm warmer water aquatic ecosystems places atmosphere cold colder water liquid water organisms living aquatic environments depend oxygen dissolved water learned things oxygen supply decrease impossible consumers aquatic habitats problem exist terrestrial organisms surrounded atmosphere constant motion oxygen content atmosphere percent
think ago think cavemen ancient natural caves earth homes caves surrounded large stones gave protection rain snow wild animals caves scientists found sharp edged stone tools living stone age million ago weapons stone tools stone able kill animals food protect thousand ago began bronze tools called bronze age thousand ago began iron tools entered iron age depended materials earth homes tools chapters going learn materials earth spaceman circling earth spaceship look earth huge ball sphere spins space top quarter surface earth land masses land form irregular continents quarters surface earth covered water bays seas oceans solid part earth surface called lithosphere water surface called hydrosphere
chocolate pudding mixture thick pasty cools sets solid surface begin show wrinkles course chocolate pudding hard rock give idea rocks formed cook imagination pudding soft drop raisins nuts pudding sets mixture chocolate pudding raisins nuts earth formed rock molten called magma interior earth today magma hot liquid magma cooled trapped minerals gold quartz mica rocks mixtures minerals rocks discussed formed help heat materials earth melted heat surface cooled gradually form rocks rocks formed ago called igneous rocks igneous means fire formed chapter molten materials inside earth break earth surface erupting volcano hot magma escapes volcano called lava lava cools rapidly forms rock igneous rocks magma mixtures minerals rocks formed lava mixtures minerals
humpty egg fall broke king horses king unable put humpty pieces nature pieces rock gravel sand clay cement kind rock let happens materials settle bottom lake ocean called sediment millions tons water pressing materials slowly thousands sediments begin stick form rocks formed sediments cemented kind rock called sedimentary rock hard kinds sedimentary rocks depending sizes sediments minerals sedimentary rock large pebbles rocks look illustration fig notice pebbles rounded smooth water sediments fell thousands ago larger pebbles stones quartz cemented smaller bits sand geologists studied kind rock reminded pudding plums raisins dropped scientific pudding stone conglomerate means put stone chapter larger stones fall bottom sea
thousands ago lived stone age call stone age important material known stone lived stone caves tools stone flint kind hard mineral axes spears knives killing animals food stones jewelry later discovered stones iron compounds purified iron found strong metal hammered bent shape pots tools weapons history called iron age cities known brownstone front houses brownstone dark brown sandstone softer stones easy cut regular slabs blocks building homes buildings steps pillars built hard dark granite granite remember fire formed igneous rock granite feldspar quartz mica comes colors quartz granite glassy shiny appearance ancient monuments egypt red granite called cleopatra needle brought central park york city marble united states comes vermont marble popular shiny building fronts found colors white gray yellow pink black marble veins stripes colors running
run finger top school desk top wooden dresser home smooth surface true body car surface coffeepot industry need smoothing surfaces wood metal minerals rubbing smoothing called abrasives scouring powder home economics class abrasives scouring powders mixtures sand quartz aluminum oxide feel rough fingers rub powder pot dirt comes surface pot clean shiny woodshop rough wood surfaces smoother skin rub sandpaper emery paper sandpaper coating paper surface glue plastic thousands quartz chips thinly spread glue emery paper mineral corundum look chart page corundum high hardness key diamonds hard scratch corundum women familiar small emery boards file fingernails heavy grinding cutting industry grinding wheels corundum minerals cutting grinding polishing called abrasives abrasives minerals quartz corundum diamond think heat energy think coal gasoline materials burn give heat
suppose lived desert arizona mexico materials build home found land plenty red orange clay soil formed effects weather sandstone shale sooner later indians built homes clay soil mixed soil water mud molded shaped mud blocks left bake naturally hot desert sun hard bricks formed called adobe bricks indians able pile bricks form adobe huts houses guess bricks places rainfall indians adobe discovered bricks testament tells story egyptian king pharaoh hebrew slaves bricks thousand ago bricks later romans bricks today common materials soil clay clay formed mineral feldspar mixing clay water plastic mud material rectangular boxes cut shape ago bricks baked sun hard
suppose boy girl living rome ago believed god called vulcan believed vulcan lived mountain fire vulcan active worked blacksmith gods forge seen shooting fire smoke mountains recognize word vulcan yes modern word volcano let discuss scientist explanation volcanoes look fig suppose crust marked weak hot gases magma pushing pressing upward magma suddenly break layer rock causing giant explosion thunder heard miles volcano erupted crater hole formed liquid rock called lava comes pouring crater clouds steam carbon dioxide sulfur gas hot liquid blown miles sky quickly cools dust ashes cinders ashes cinders settle crater gradually cinders ash cooled lava build cone slopes volcano plug open crater pressure inside earth builds plug bursts open cone explodes volcano erupts mount katmai alaska explosive volcano kind
holiday mountains means fresh clean air means beautiful sights high cliffs means hike climbing mountains high land reaching sky mountains formed seen diagram let review shows large area trapped magma trapped break crust crust buckles forming mound shaped dome church common mountains formed mountains called domed mountains adirondack mountains york formed look fig easy volcanoes mountains explosive kind volcano makes steep mountain quiet type volcano makes mountain sides slope gently volcanoes rise floor oceans peak volcano rise water solid form island hawaiian islands arose pacific ocean volcanic mountains fold piece paper earth crust rock folded pressure yes parts sedimentary rock cooled unevenly shrunk folds wrinkles look fig top folds formed mountain peaks forms folded mountains andes rockies examples folded mountains
mississippi river straight fast flowing river rocky mountains existence arizona mexico covered water wondering big change took place united states look today big change land changed slowly millions learned earthquakes volcanoes sudden earth crust notice slower unit learned solid land earth lithosphere parts covered water hydrosphere learned earth surrounded mixture gases atmosphere water air change surface earth target question asks natural processes change earth surface ready answer question remember kinds processes breaking building continue form endless cycle water running mountain wear mountain valleys breaking process later sediments build deposits land rise river ocean building process thousands later land worn
spill water table quick swipe sponge soak sponge absorb hold deal water earth giant sponge water seeps sinks ground water called ground water rain water ground land slopes hilly water run seep number trees plants roots act sponges water absorbed reason railroad companies weeds grow sloping land railroad tracks weeds roots absorb rain water roots bind soil stop washed tracks finally kinds soils absorb water kinds let look experiments help understand rain water seeps ground goes upper layers rock porous holes finally reaches solid nonporous bedrock water longer pass water collects course lots rain water table rises periods dry weather water table sinks dry completely water table level earth filled ground water
learned erosion carries precious topsoil hurts farmer efforts grow food learned rivers flood damage water needed crops drinking washing industry water shortages equally dangerous floods saving soil saving water called conservation soil conservation important problem government entire branch called conservation service help fight battle erosion service advises farmers plant crops land picture fig shows methods planting special shapes called contours method planting strips methods water run hill caught roots plants water soil saved soil conservation means stopping wind blowing soil sand types grasses roots strong roots absorb water bind soil prevent dust storms floods conservation water means things means preventing floods storing water future read floods rivers hear levees levee wall built edge river stop overflowing built stone concrete
suppose hike lost questions mind direction walk camp questions asked ancient explorers looking unexplored lands answer questions invented maps fig shows simple map hike arrow north face north south hand east left hand west troop camp swift valley waterfalls hike miles west guidelines direction distance return hike miles east miles north miles east map answers questions direction things tell need cross river hike level land need cross hills mountains try experiment shut eyes hand explore face locate ear left ear locate forehead north chin south simply putting fingers run hand rest face find high spots low spots lips nose cheekbones eyes eyebrows
signs shallow pools water tiny algae strands green plants seaweed sponges worms appeared creatures grew shells crablike trilobite ruled seas millions passed water creature appeared sharklike fish soon kinds fishes appeared land giant fernlike trees ancestors modern pines gradually insectlike creatures appeared fly million later water animals moved land amphibians animals breathe air live water land reptiles animals live entirely land appeared mighty terrible lizard dinosaur took reptiles developed wings took air began fly animals covered fur stable body temperature appeared mammals finally million ago creature called ruler story missing pages book rocks give outline story meet monster seventy feet weighing thirty tons sixty thousand pounds rumbles notice giant skull
sounds hard believe alive working puzzle simple solve organic matter matter comes living things organic matter carbon element carbon let kind need energy energy burn material material burn called fuel combustion fuel energy fuels physical solid liquid gas chart shows common examples fuels burned homes give heat cook food fuels burned engines transportation look geology timetable page era plants began grow land kind plants large fern trees scale trees woody stems trees grew moist ground shallow swamps million ago trees died fell swamps plants green alive absorbed carbon dioxide air photosynthesis food making trees contained deal carbon dead trees decayed carbon compounds broke leaving soft black carbon
times american motorists call familiar order gallons gasoline burned engines cars engines need fuel saws drills factories generators electric power plants airplanes ferries lawnmowers thousands machines need fuel say fill er asking fossils gasoline precious liquid fuel chemicals petroleum fossil fuel petroleum word comes words petra rock oleum oil called crude oil natural oil found trapped earth beneath rocks formed rocks called oil shale kind sedimentary rock examine petroleum laboratory find compounds called hydrocarbons hydrocarbon compound hydrogen carbon petroleum mixture hydrocarbons petroleum burned produces water carbon dioxide wastes oil drilled pennsylvania sixty feet ground pumped barrels oil today oil wells miles deep twenty million barrels oil say drill oil drill sedimentary rock especially shale
peoples develop ways living called culture culture ways living developed includes behaving knowledge tools beliefs prehistoric early developed culture learn chapter recent begun learn culture prehistoric things prehistoric disappeared ago able learn things prehistoric archeology archeology study past objects things left tools weapons pottery seen pictures archeologists study archeology digging remains buildings searching caves archeologists find things left prehistoric times things help learn important facts prehistoric lives archeologists discovered prehistoric stone tools reason period prehistoric lived earth called stone age archeologists divide period parts part called stone age began early appeared million ago part called stone age began lasted stone age called ice age ice age northern parts north america europe asia cold
early history soon discovered warm river valleys places live places land called mesopotamia east east includes lands eastern end mediterranean sea lands southwestern asia chapter learn early peoples settled river valleys mesopotamia means land rivers mesopotamia located valley tigris river euphrates river rivers flow mountains asia minor southward persian gulf mesopotamia climate hot dry soil rich result peoples settled mesopotamia farmers mesopotamia high mountains wide hard cross deserts protect attack outsiders result history mesopotamia overrun group settlers mesopotamia wandered mesopotamia stone age learned tame animals farm land settled villages northern part mesopotamia group settled mesopotamia persian gulf called sumerians sumerians developed skills later learned peoples lands east important skill developed sumerians irrigation means watering land river water
ago egypt called gift nile egypt found egypt mesopotamia shaped river chapter learn nile river helped egypt develop nile river longest rivers flows central africa northward egypt empties mediterranean sea miles sea nile river divides streams flow triangle land called delta egyptian lived nile river delta egypt hot dry climate land nile river water farming rest egypt desert desert difficult cross egypt easy invade mesopotamia result egypt developed stronger nation mesopotamia settlers wandered nile river valley stone age western africa asia moved northward nile river central africa settlers formed small farming villages nile river settlers slowly egyptian middle june nile river flowed banks mud water spread land side river rich layer earth left flood waters egyptian farmers grow crops
greek city states able form nation result weak prevent stronger nation conquering chapter learn wars greek city states macedonia conquer greece war athens sparta ended greek city states continued fight control greece macedonia nation located north greece growing stronger macedonians greeks language religion philip macedonian king built strong army began conquer greek city states philip finally won complete control greece philip allowed greek city states run affairs leader greek armies navies greece united took macedonians philip planned lead combined macedonian greek armies persian empire philip murdered twenty son alexander king alexander macedonia received education teacher greek philosopher aristotle alexander fine soldier athlete prepared leader fact later called alexander greek city rebelled revolted alexander easily conquered
romans remembered today culture fighting romans lasting contributions laws government building writing helped shape lives chapter learn lasting roman contributions important roman contributions helped preserve culture greece romans greece culture forgotten roman accepted greek art greek writing ideas greek science important romans spread greek ideas nations nations europe culture greece idea democracy rule developed roman empire lasted nearly hundred largest roman empire included western southeastern europe northern africa asia minor syria palestine part mesopotamia easy govern huge empire romans governed important powers roman empire government held central main government rome powers governments province empire main roman government try run governments provinces rome simply required conquered peoples obey roman laws peace pay taxes rome able govern empire successfully
read knights armor rode horses battle middle ages knights fought master ruled system government called feudalism feudalism discover answer read chapter feudalism kind government developed europe early middle ages feudalism began western europe western roman empire ended german kingdoms weak kings ruled kingdoms strong armies protect peoples result large landowners began form local armies defend small farmers gave lands large landowners agreed landowner protected landowners soon received land able gave land owned land agreed stay land farm large landowners known noblemen german tribes helped feudalism grow german chief leader followers helped fight wars return german chief gave followers food shelter weapons share goods money captured german tribes attacked roman empire settled roman lands chiefs rewarded followers giving conquered roman land
read chapters china attacked peoples asia history succeeded conquering parts china short chapter read group invading called mongols conquered china ruled china hundred recall china enjoyed peaceful times rule sung dynasty began peaceful times northern china attacked invading tribes sung rulers tried tribes leave china offering large amounts money goods tribes leave slowly northern china invaders late early mongols group tribes invaded china mongols mongolia land central asia mongol leader fearless conqueror genghis khan led genghis khan mongols built empire stretched eastern coast china asia eastern europe mongols took northern china korea mongols conquer land short mongols successful excellent horsemen moved swiftly attacked warning mongols trained fight hardships hunger thirst
shop store buy goods countries goods united states united states trades nations early middle ages europeans able buy goods manors europe traded nations chapter find european trade nations began increase later middle ages end western roman empire european trade feudal period manors traded manors european trade carried byzantine empire important trade spices silk asia exchanged olive oil wine europe europeans wanted spices asia order food spoiling taste moslems gained control mediterranean sea european traders continued trade east europe trade began increase happened european nations conquered mediterranean islands controlled moslems european traders able mediterranean sea soon happened crusades helped increase european trade crusades supplies carried europe holy land palestine
european kings kings england france able unite countries later middle ages european kings strong unite countries kings busy fighting wars chapter learn european nations developed charlemagne ruler frankish empire received title holy roman emperor pope title supposed mean western roman empire continued empire ruled charlemagne charlemagne died german kingdom developed eastern part frankish empire german kings ruled german kingdom wanted title holy roman emperor title gave rule large part italy german king tried rule italy stopped pope german noblemen german kings powerful rule germany large part italy otto otto ruled beginning lands germany italy called holy roman empire otto death german kings lost italy increased power germany strongest nation europe german king frederick barbarossa won large part italy
hundred war fought europe war important took place europe parts chapter read hundred war reaching results recall hundred war fought england france hundred war broke england france enemies england france powerful european nations nations owned colonies parts especially north america india nations wished colonies powerful hundred war england france fought colonies europe part hundred war called war league augsburg war france fought england netherlands holland austria spain france lost war ended war resulted territory later war spanish succession began grandson king france king spain european nations feared france powerful upset european balance power england netherlands austria fought france ally friend spain
remember renaissance learning arts developed europe result late golden age cultures european nations chapter read european culture developed progress european painting spread spain famous painters spain el velasquez el painted mainly religious scenes velasquez painted spanish kings families famous painters appeared northern europe rubens painter lived land today belgium painted colorful outdoor scenes pictures pictures based stories greek gods rembrandt lived netherlands painted portraits showed skill deep feeling style painting developed artists velasquez rubens rembrandt called baroque baroque style paintings larger colorful earlier renaissance paintings baroque style important architecture buildings designs important european buildings including palace versailles based baroque style europeans returned simple styles architecture greek roman building styles type music called opera developed monteverdi italy opera music play combines singing acting
government american nation began american government weak lacked strong powers american government able solve problems faced nation result american formed government government united states grew strong greatest nations american revolution american states wrote constitutions plans government constitutions bill rights list freedoms americans bill rights promised speak write wished worship wished meet tried jury accused crime united states formed government constitution united states government republic government officials elected american government led president congress elected george washington elected president united states constitution set court system nation constitution soon included bill rights list freedoms rights promised americans nation laws political parties political groups started early united states
september war war feared coming finally began move war began earlier began japan attacked china chapter find japan attack china started events led war chapter learned high tariffs prevented japan selling manufactured goods nations result japan able buy nations raw materials needed factories soon japan decided conquer lands raw materials needed japan attacked took manchuria northern part china china asked league nations help japan league members send help asked japan remove army china japan refused agree league request later japan conquered territory china italy danger peace italy tried failed african nation ethiopia italy ruled dictator mussolini attacked ethiopia haile selassie emperor ethiopia asked league nations help italy league action order members stop selling war supplies italy oil included list war supplies sold
read earlier cold war struggle free nations communist nations today struggle freedom communism going asia chapter learn developments nations asia recent remember communist government mao tung controlled mainland china mao tung followers set communist dictatorship china soviet union chinese freedom chinese forced obey government orders korean war recall communist china troops fight north korea soviet union send troops late china friendly soviet union chinese communists believed soviet communists trying hard spread communism read chapter japan developed democratic nation defeat war april american army occupation left japan japanese enjoying prosperity times japan leading industrial nation asia japanese products transistor radios steel cameras traded democracy japan grew stronger end war india ruled britain reason india failed win independence hindus moslems india refused united government
negro nations africa won independence late northern africa arab states won independence fact african lands independent nations governments african nations controlled europeans treat negro african citizens equals chapter learn nations africa government union south africa controlled million european settlers rest population million mainly negro africans european controlled government union south africa began practice called apartheid apartheid means segregation strict separation based race negro citizens union south africa accept apartheid strict segregation formed african national congress fight segregation african national congress tried peaceful methods fight segregation united nations asked south africa end segregation policy nations africa refused trade south africa agreed end segregation government south africa refused end policy segregation union south africa republic south africa south africa left british commonwealth nations commonwealth nations approve south africa treated negro citizens british colony rhodesia completely governed
marco polo daring venetian traveler penetrated huge mongol empire journeying eastward europe lands china east starting point today customary talk places middle east east ways referring lands show person tends think country center universe ways properly identify east asia geographically lies east mountain knot himalayas desert barriers criss crossed past caravan routes south soviet union west pacific ocean basin north area southeast asia east asia region culturally dominated chinese civilization consists chinese core outer korean japanese layers area peoples adapted primary system writing regardless differing pronunciations ancient china addition chinese system writing adopted chinese ideas religion ethics government east asia historical influences traced geographic names china named ruling families ch century chinese china centered view believed model civilized mankind naturally assumed civilized mankind felt need distinguish country
inventions scientific explorations crises events month ago date early century distant lives adults america today cover span approximately fifty span covered fiction nonfiction selections book suppose asked born early century tell happened lifetime begin citing international conflicts wars ii korean war seemingly endless struggle unrest cite economic boom climaxed crash depression picture unprecedented prosperity country enjoyed end war ii threatened times periodic scares bust point division power blocs engaged cold war led united states soviet union develop destructive weapons times doubt conscientious informed adult begin falter attempted fill details say war indelibly marked convey anxiety economic depression held grip
outbreak war america europe chief frontier american foreign born immigrants southern eastern europe continued pour america immigrant left europe entered america land opportunity land strange contrasts annual income americans andrew carnegie enjoyed average annual income income taxes pay servants hired week vanderbilts spending homes members family poor european families struggling reach america wealthy american heiresses traveling europe exchange fortunes titles nobility fashionable international marriages newcomers america found equitable dreamed reason hope abuses soon corrected prewar period era reform president theodore roosevelt touched government campaign monopoly crusades waged children rights temperance conservation civil service reform women suffrage host worthy zealous supporters reform movements middle class americans wanted country realize historic ideals equality justice meaning reformers assumed course comfortable setting nineteenth century based family church continue possibly foresee transformation technological war soon bring american
doctor burleigh told neighbor rosicky bad heart rosicky protested guess heart pretty asthma maybe awful short breath pitchin hay summer dat rosicky heart makes short breath tell re sixty worked hard heart tired careful heavy boys home farmer looked doctor gleam amusement queer triangular shaped eyes eyes large lively lids caught middle curious formed triangle look sick brown face creased wrinkled ruddy color smooth shaven cheeks lips brown mustache hair thin ragged ears gray forehead naturally high crossed deep parallel lines ran pointed crown rosicky face habit looking interested suggested contented disposition reflective quality gay grave gave detachment easy manner onlooker observer
big assembling plant city northwest assemble bogel car car sells large numbers low price parts central plant shipped places assembled manufacturing assembling plant parts companies learned railroad cars storage central plant schedule soon parts railroad cars assembling plants scattered united states arrive schedule assembling plant assembles cars territory careful survey territory afford buy cars suppose want cars american longer buy cars buy newspapers books foods pictures clothes things sold territory bogel cars find cars things assembling plant works belt big steel conveyor kind moving sidewalk waist high river running plant tributary streams main stream main belt
named sidney sake elegance parents elegance brooklyn parlor golden oak combination bookcase desk shield shaped mirror sidney dow descended generations georges johns lorens lukes nathans esteemed slick bustle city school loutish boy tall heavy slow spoken worry father william dow ambitious parent born vermont farm william felt joyously city brooklyn sidney born real bathroom fine tin tub gas lights handsome phaeton red wheels washtub kitchen saturday night baths kerosene lamps heavy buggy father vermont loll abed till quarter chuckled gratification progress office quarter luxury red wheeled carriage late lying william yankee shrewdness cozened urban vice solid respectable george father deacon universalist church grace meals theater ben hur appearing
date november workday ended women left shops offices home exactly twenty minutes electric power york city stopped elevators office buildings apartment houses stopped floors television sets radios wall switches useless electric power city owned portable radios soon found york canadian border important electric circuit supplying electricity eastern seaboard opened electric current longer flow line turned big switch position result electric current flowed circuits circuits overloaded electric current entire eastern seaboard form york city canada electricity began ask questions electric circuit opening circuit light overload blackout teach things electricity electricity flow charge place wires water flows pipes rivers path electricity takes called electric circuit energy carried electric current circuit broken point say opened current stop flowing
study chemistry learned chemical reactions atoms exchange electrons electric current flow electrons place seen movie showing bucket brigade puts fire steady movement water buckets water source line fire imagine water source dry cell water buckets electrons atoms give idea electrons flow circuit dry cell pushes electrons wire pass atom atom electrons electric current start moving atom atom materials allow electrons flow easily say conductors electricity metals conductors give electrons easily nonmetals hand poor conductors give electrons easily electrical wires covered nonmetal electricity flowing directions water pipe keeps water spilling nonmetals called insulators cover protect wire electric current flow charge metals conductors electricity nonmetals poor conductors electricity electric current flow electrons chemical reaction exchange electrons chemical reaction small electric current
christmas season arrives trees lighted pretty strings small electric bulbs bulb shape color bulb equally bright interesting thing christmas tree lights bulb loose socket burned blown lights let call type circuit series circuit bulbs connected series electrons single path flow simplest kind electric circuit fig light bulbs connected series circuit electrons flow minus terminal dry cell switch bulb bulb bulb dry cell terminal switch opened circuit broken bulbs light circuit broken bulbs goes removed heard expression chain strong weakest link link chain breaks chain broken break series circuit circuit dead christmas tree bulbs light bulbs removed electrons complete path flow
flashlights dry cells batteries dry cell dry cells simple experiment show happens dry cell flashlight connect dry cell volt electric bulb note bulb dim connect bulb dry cells series lamp brighter finally connect dry cells series electric bulb lamp bright unfortunately bulb lit dry cells hot result happens current circuit dry cells added connect ammeter series volt electric bulb dry cell find current amperes add dry cell circuit ammeter reads dry cell circuit reading amperes experiment learn current amperage increases number dry cells circuit increases increasing number dry cells series increases brightness bulb current voltage electromotive force increase dry cells added circuit let find connect voltmeter parallel volt bulb dry cell
radio loud easily turn sound turn volume control knob left louder turning knob similar lights movie theater dimmer brighter loudness radio depends amount current set brightness theater lights depends amount current electric light bulbs circuit opened closed simply throwing switch change amount current gradually chapter learned current electric circuit goes resistance goes find change resistance circuit gradually able change current gradually let closer look experiment chapter paragraph shown light bulb connected series dry cell burns brightly add bulb circuit light bulb dimmer light bulbs burn dimly adding light bulbs circuit increases resistance current goes able change length high resistance wire circuit able change amount resistance current circuit
heard say able breathe pure air substances air bad breathe warm months plants produce powdery pollen scattered air allergic pollen begin sneeze eyes water feel uncomfortable entire black smoke pours chimneys factories power plants black smoke small particles soot dirty pollute atmosphere polluted air dirties streets clothes breathe air lungs sick air cleaned particles yes electricity study chemistry learned object electric charge attract small light objects pieces paper charged object attract small objects pollen grains soot particles air pollen grains forced filter charge electricity pollen grains attracted filter remain pure fresh air leaves filter soot particles removed inside smokestack wire electric charge soot particles attracted wire fall bottom stack smoke leaving stack free soot
scientists believe cut piece steel atoms find atom magnet true magnetic substances magnetic atoms form groups called domains domain north south pole piece unmagnetized iron steel domains arranged definite order magnetized object domains arranged definite order north poles domains point direction south poles point opposite direction ordinary piece spring steel inches inch wide test compass needle sure magnetized stroke spring steel magnet shown fig sure stroke steel direction end test spring steel magnet cut steel half pair metal shears test half compass needle cut pieces half parts test compass needle matter small part magnet part magnet small atom magnet atoms magnetic substances magnets atoms form groups called domains domains arranged order magnetized substance
chapter saw substances magnetized stroking magnet magnetism pass magnet substances let find strong magnet unmagnetized nails inch touch head nails north pole big magnet sticks north pole touch head nail point nail nail sticks nail nail magnet induction induction means lead magnetism led magnet nail put nail contact point nail sticks add nails longer stick nail magnetized induction hold nail firmly carefully remove big magnet nails fall nails lost magnetism magnet put nail magnetic force domains nail turn direction nail magnet opposite poles attract nail stuck magnet nail magnetized course distance big magnet greater magnetic force weaker finally force weak magnetize nails magnet induction induction passes magnetic power magnet nonmagnet
magnet attract magnetic substance distance turn needle compass nearby south pole compass point north pole magnet magnetic force magnet scientists call space magnet magnetic field iron filings magnetic field magnetized induction iron filings sprinkled magnet magnetized turn direction magnetic force crowded magnetic force greatest iron filings arrange magnet definite pattern lay bar magnet flat table put stiff thin cardboard acetate sheet magnet height inches sprinkle iron filings cardboard gently tap cardboard helps filings arrange copy pattern filings notebook pattern similar pattern fig lay bar magnets end end opposite poles facing table poles inch put stiff thin cardboard acetate sheet magnets sprinkle iron filings space poles tap cardboard acetate sheet lightly help filings arrange
electricity electricity electromagnets electromagnets telegraph electric bells telephones electric motors days electricity amount depended muscles muscles animals today help electric motor thousand horses chapter learn ways electromagnet put telegraph send messages quickly distances american inventor samuel morse telegraph message washington baltimore forty miles today telegraph send messages thousands times picks phone asks operator western union soon telegraph operator western union telegraph company answers says message quickly message clicked thousands miles friend relative alabama california puerto rico let telegraph message telephone conversation telephone conversation speaking directly telegraph message series clicks clicks close called dot clicks farther called dash
electric current produce magnetism magnetism produce electric current michael faraday joseph henry found magnetic field produce electric current scientists tried electric current magnetic field failed faraday henry connect coil wire galvanometer electric meter measures small electric currents place bar magnet inside coil wire find happens current flow coil henry faraday move magnet coil galvanometer needle move electric current help magnet current called induced current move magnet opposite direction galvanometer needle move opposite direction allow magnet stand coil galvanometer needle stop moving move magnet fast move slowly happens current coil current induced coil magnet moves coil direction current depends direction magnet moves faster motion greater current put coil turns bell wire poles horseshoe magnet coil turns electric current induced wire
seen dry cells light flashlight searching closet light home big battery automobile bright headlights road course light house dry cells batteries run dead stronger current needed light cities drive subways run electric motors power radios tv source machine makes electric current called generator generator consists mainly coils wire spin inside large powerful magnets energy turn coils hand driven generator muscle energy turns crank makes electrical energy energy turn generators comes sources early history learned flowing water energy built wooden water wheels let water flowing hill turn wheels wheels connected grindstones stones ground wheat flour baked bread falling water turn generator wheels water falls large blades turbines turn generators reason large power plants found waterfalls niagara falls call plants hydroelectric plants hydro means water
temperature ways sick temperature bake cake need set oven temperature drive car look temperature dashboard sure engine getting hot morning need temperature air dress properly thermometer instrument measure temperature saw experiment chapter knowing saw simplest thermometers heat water expand rose beaker water cools level goes thermometers simple idea substance expands heated contracts cooled look thermometer carefully consists glass tube bulb end bulb filled mercury alcohol alcohol dyed red easier air tube end tube sealed thermometer put cold water liquid sink bulb hot water liquid begins fill tube mercury alcohol thermometers water freeze boil quickly water
heat matter weight length width buy pounds heat measure heat inches feet heat form energy heat measured cheaper heat house coal oil give heat dollar electricity gas cooking questions answered measure amount heat produced heat weighed measured ruler measured methods calorie unit measures heat unit energy amount heat needed raise temperature gram water degree centigrade calories needed raise temperature grams water degree centigrade unit heat calorie calorie raises temperature gram water degree centigrade talked heating water calorie added gram alcohol raise tempreature course temperature gram alcohol loses calorie gram mercury amount heat needed raise temperature degree centigrade substance called specific heat
try picking aluminum pot boiling water handle reach pot holder aluminum pot transfers carries heat gas flame pot holder transfer heat aluminum pot conducts heat say conductor pot holder poor conductor slows transfer heat heat insulator slip wax rings brass bar shown fig heat end rod bunsen flame slowly wax rings begin melt heat bunsen flame transferred molecule brass molecules hot move faster bump neighbors heat travels end brass bar heat moved conduction substances conductors chart heat transferred molecule molecule conduction liquids poor conductors heat liquids transfer heat method known convection water heated molecules move faster farther fewer molecules cubic inch hot water cubic inch cold water makes hot water slightly lighter cold water beaker water heated bunsen flame heated water bottom beaker rise top beaker
thoughts tend form words speak aloud put thoughts words mentally course picture shape mind words inside brain picture frankfurters able remember sounds smells tastes reactions depending words bring inside head math wizard think terms minus symbols frequently thoughts ideas formed words brain job english job reasons studying english able think big thoughts requires big words complicated thoughts demand complex language equally important ability express ideas thoughts creatures human beings communicate limited express dog wagging tail pressing nose palm hand telling meaning give attention pat head tell love poodle friend look late hurry
deal subject called experts experts repairing television sets experts music auto racing space travel expert expert experience school entitle considered expert school present school qualified talk write school general think teachers experts young pupils learn learning soon find teachers give lot homework weeks school fairly sure teacher misconduct missing don exactly noise teacher allow calling end teacher respected students faculty alike wish parent think hundred details teachers school pupils friends remembered friends fresh mind mental record habits tricks funny things bad things
millions homes america familiar activities place weekday morning alarm clock rings arm blindly reaches shut irritating noise pairs feet heard going hallway turns radio announcer says weather fair pleasant today big sister makes bed big brother chooses socks dresser drawer voice calls kitchen hurry children breakfast plates table father reading newspaper mother whispers brother table combing hair father notices big brother hopes sausage platter rushes food plate won greedy reaches sausage finishes big brother swallows bite brother calmly takes sausage father folds newspaper says sternly eggs cold eat says brother mind answers father eating bites pained expression face breakfast brother table mother hallway telling big brother wear green sock blue sock job factory goes room change sister rushes gather books exclaims late class
morning night sounds surround hearing think sounds important worth thought attention consider sounds warn danger step sidewalk mind test science class beep beep beep goes horn car hop curb sounds warn danger trouble ding ding ding bell railroad crossing tells gate coming cross quickly policeman whistle intersections ambulance siren fire alarm public buildings danger sounds hiss gas leaking stove shrill whine overheated hot water tank danger warnings warning sounds danger frequently save lives sounds give pleasure ringing sleigh bells crunching shoes fresh snow christmastime favorites sizzle frying steaks popping popcorn signals taste buds prepare delicious sound cool running water hot days sound logs crackling fireplace cold days give feelings comfort country flag snapping breeze ah audience fourth july fireworks explode inspiring
author books young included scene characters ate hearty delicious meal young explained enjoy reading juicy hamburgers sizzling hot pan scoops cool vanilla ice cream covered chunks pineapple drowning sea warm caramel sauce older find memories special foods delightful businessmen riding home train evening conversation centered memories food arose passenger car passed potato chip factory exhaust vents kitchens open smell fresh potato chips filled passenger cars smell fragrance reminds boy running errands delicatessen recall thick curled potato chips owner wife put jar meat counter aromas counter indescribable jars smoked fish covers attract customers glass jar spicy dill pickles thick fist hanging loops hooks pork beef sausages hot dogs salami bratwurst perfume onion garlic sage sharpness smells faded home
scientific experiment mother child asked spend hour room took notes child room contained toys child play chair table magazines mother notetakers sat special glass seen recorded mother copied child took notes child actions fourth jotted mother actions person noted objects room handled person situation nearly mother child spending hour waiting room doctor office end hour notetakers recorded statements actions suspected ordinary setting say things short period observe hour jot notes amazed information write expected remember activity goes happens times need notes hearing remember later date
inventions invented books written athletic contests played fact things improvements need things schools home neighborhoods things change school magic power report cards students courses liked completely avoid courses found boring unexciting put free record machines cafeteria students play songs wanted lunch order school making teacher student knew exactly teach person individual needs school television took lessons room home magic power home give member family matter young vote decisions children family allowed choose furniture escape chores share equally family money certainly change remember share share alike paycheck earned money
ronnie working delivery boy months friend dennis interested getting similar job listen ronnie dennis don want want rich job look ronnie answered job mine fun finding change pocket need saw friend ronnie explained job start finish told passing cleaning store school idea occurred sign window asking help manager need worst manager say told ronnie delivery boy ronnie explained responsibilities job main duty pick deliver clothing houses neighborhood collect money bill ronnie carry largest number items big buildings elevators collect money deal customers politely earn tips making ronnie finally spending money watch someday store
anne giving talk class interesting book read speaking author anne remarked writes keeps attention anne miss williams kind tone shouldn word referring author told author marjorie rawlings don care anne replied toss head entitled opinion happened english class illustrates need alert difference facts statements anne course entitled opinion anne entitled wrong face facts anne look photograph marjorie rawlings word definitely correct word ability listen read prized abilities develop school career improve ability knowing difference merely called fact fact truth thing event exists existed existence fact wearing shoes fact fact earth orbit sun things think happen future called facts positively prove occur
large island whitney mystery island rainsford asked charts call ship trap island whitney replied suggestive sailors curious dread place don superstition remarked rainsford trying peer dank tropical night palpable pressed thick warm blackness yacht eyes whitney laugh seen pick moose moving brown fall bush hundred yards miles caribbean night yards admitted rainsford ugh moist black velvet light rio promised whitney days hope jaguar guns hunting amazon sport hunting sport agreed rainsford hunter amended whitney jaguar don talk rot whitney rainsford re big game hunter philosopher cares jaguar feels jaguar observed whitney bah understanding think understand thing fear fear pain fear death nonsense laughed rainsford hot weather making soft whitney realist classes hunters hunted luckily hunters
wayne crowder called forceful knew substituted adjectives flattering cold ruthless iron cunning dishonest unfair hard wanted era seen fortunes lost gained crowder proved ability getting rich patented simple household product needed sold penny profit crushed competition multimillionaire built towering structure private office peak dwelt clouds figuratively literally crowder associates considered ice stone steel surprised afternoon secretary engineers engineers sat massive desk wayne crowder told crisply gentlemen want build spaceship engineers eyed cautiously spokesman cleared throat nervously spaceship sir spaceship decided spaceflight mankind experts design ship sir part hard basic blueprint existence yes motor power ship engineer frankly provide searched decades answer found words build spaceship lift ship earth surface
going point street subway station usual begin circling block street especially sleet darkness deadly cold pursue unusual course moving unobtrusively opposite sides street nature things coincidence likely attract attention bright light entrance tube face face clergyman took look certainly decent looking body woman white haired wrinkled spectacled stooped respectable domestic servant upper class looked black hat wispy veil gray shawl reverend gentleman going slowly drafty steps continued study singular intentness express train thundering clergyman handicapped clubfoot stout cane barely catch entered car woman chanced seat directly half past eleven clock wildness weather discouraging travel car deserted underground retreat bitter breath night blew bit woman shivered shawl
alley oop phrase don arabs acrobats started french english early days words arab acrobat synonymous alley oop command battle cry tried true acrobat slumber tranquilly ear splitting screams help fire save child distant echo alley oop zip feet awake ago gave earning livelihood handsprings pyramids command sends blood tingling veins alerts muscles action alley oop tumbled full thousand cities towns villages saskatoon halifax tampico nogales brussels vienna marseilles hands feet thumped dirt hamlet america earliest recollections tumbling streets country lebanon part practice springing whirling cherished art virtually national sport streets lebanon suppose beginning story line feet alley oop story rightly begin date birth born broumana lebanon poor family skip point paid attention birth dates
jack london born jack chaney san francisco stepfather mother married jack infant londons led miserable poverty stricken existence husband driven ambitious emotionally unstable wife forsake occupation search rich quick scheme jack childhood lacked security serenity children turned ugly reality find solace believe land books shadow poverty hung family jack fifteen london ill jack forced leave school days canneries jute mills bowling alleys tired undernourished boy ten cents hour backbreaking efforts overwhelmed drudgery escape jack turned thievery joining group oyster pirates raided oyster beds san francisco bay sold illegal catch city jack soon owned boat boldest lot sailing expert skill taking chances suicidal suddenly lull activities took road tramp meaning purpose wandered riding freights begging handouts living jungles tramps
remember started acting act putting plays school grade school kindergarten remember christmas pageants wearing fairy clothes putting french plays making dances crazy suppose pretty think unpleasant wanting play lot parts villain chance acting blood feeling absolutely born memories actors theater stage curve proscenium curtain wonderful lift moment grandfather cornell house buffalo act course small child sitting steps watching rehearsals think advent maude adams peter pan father theater wanted devote stage looked forward maude adams eagerness sheer agony hid face curtains box couldn bear look afterward utter enchantment theater backstage front house performance marvelous hush curtain goes clutter clatter rehearsals glamour theater stars bernhardt sothern marlowe tree sir henry irving mrs fiske intimate realistic part
jess birdwell grew southern indiana farm war states quaker boy raised belief faith part war conflict union confederate troops posed peculiar problem problem affected jess learn sensitive beautiful story jessamine west jess hurriedly shoved food knife testament cave hollowed strawstack started run house halfway caught sight father slowed walk met windmill father set basket apples carrying ground picking windfalls thy mother bring summer sweetings batch apple dumplings father joe knew thinking thinking thy turn tell thee jess wasn going moment couldn think single word safely say lately word spite connection secret finally remembered weather fine father fine took quick look sky kind hot
clarence jr started literary fashion writing family reminiscences delightful series small volumes set affectionate humor recollections early family god father father mother father inspiration authors presented entertaining pictures homes grew readers clarence books remain liked books type popular movie running plays selection father give hint enjoyed meeting clarence sr namesake books father point getting breakfast meant prompt occurred try early idea slide room moment late brothers late exception george reliable son father george early father pointed practice minutes piano reason george prompt hurry sporting page father hold newspaper reason played piano signal rest dressed team won yesterday ball game
emily kimbrough recorded reminiscences popular books dear heart reviews scenes childhood muncie indiana lived paternal grandfather senator interested prison reform frequent visits penitentiary nearby anderson indiana caused small granddaughter shame understood reformer lawbreaker excerpt dear heart listen grandfather discloses emily story injustice learned talk influence rest attitude emily harris grandfather voice interruption direction thoughts settled meet think wanted say course knew harris worked inside house wonderful candy molasses drops fudge companion cross cross grandmother telephone house ask mother lottie say harris bad times emily mother send big house telling harris times find silent times full conversation stories
believe remarkable events fresh mind wish put paper clearly let say outset james clarence withencroft forty perfect health known illness profession artist successful earn money black white satisfy wants relative sister died ago independent breakfasted morning glancing morning paper lighted pipe proceeded let mind wander hope chance subject pencil room door windows open oppressively hot mind coolest comfortable place neighborhood deep end public swimming bath idea began draw intent left lunch untouched stopping clock st jude struck final result hurried sketch felt sure thing showed criminal dock immediately judge pronounced sentence fat enormously fat flesh hung rolls chin creased huge stumpy neck
irish born lord dunsany craved excitement found excitement big game hunting expeditions africa found excitement imaginary explorations supernatural unusual ghost story read shows skillfully able create atmosphere mystery hear speaking wireless believe touch thought care hear ghost story actual personal experience hand thing occurred actually personal ghost story heard begin suddenly irresistible feeling return haunts known ago say begin begin wanderings remote parts concerned tale sufficient turned home borne longing strong leave choice course village chimney knew path knew track running paths width single footstep children ran gardens found weeds paths altered
retreat eighty thousand authority censorship sufficient excuse explicit awful awful ruin disaster shadow fell london news hearts failed grew faint agony army battlefield entered souls dreadful hundred thousand arms artillery swelled flood english company point points battle line awful danger merely defeat utter annihilation permission censorship military expert corner salient angle crushed broken english force shattered allied left turned sedan inevitably follow morning german guns thundered shrieked corner thousand held joked shells found funny names bets greeted scraps music hall songs shells burst tore englishmen limb limb tore brother brother heat increased fury terrific cannonade
women grant advantage seated pillion attired drab joseph drab beaver bonnet crown resembling small garment suggesting coachman greatcoat cut cloth allow miniature capes adapted conceal deficiencies contour drab color throw sallow cheeks lively contrast greater triumph miss nancy beauty looked bewitching costume seated pillion tall erect father held arm round looked open eyed anxiety treacherous snow covered pools puddles formidable splashings mud stamp foot painter preferred moments free consciousness certainly bloom cheeks highest point contrast surrounding drab arrived door red house saw godfrey cass ready lift pillion wished sister priscilla servant contrived godfrey lifted priscilla meantime persuaded father round horse block alighting doorsteps painful clear young determined marry wish continue pay marked attentions didn show attentions meant sincerely strange godfrey cass behaving didn want speak taking notice weeks weeks sudden making love
godfrey cass taking drafts forgetfulness sweet presence nancy willingly losing sense hidden bond moments galled fretted mingle irritation sunshine godfrey wife walking slow uncertain steps snowcovered raveloe lanes carrying child arms journey eve premeditated act vengeance heart godfrey fit passion told sooner die acknowledge wife party red house eve knew husband smiling smiled hiding existence darkest corner heart mar pleasure dingy rags faded face handsome child father hair eyes disclose squire eldest son wife molly knew rags husband neglect demon opium enslaved body soul lingering mother tenderness refused give hungry child knew moments wretched unbenumbed consciousness sense want degradation transformed continually bitterness godfrey rights
person believe watched keener hidden interest prosperous growth eppie weaver care dared imply stronger interest poor adopted child expected kindliness young squire chance meeting suggested present simple fellow noticed told furthering welfare daughter incurring suspicion uneasy meantime inability give daughter birthright say child care likely happy humble stations happier brought luxury famous ring pricked owner forgot duty desire wonder pricked hard set chase pricked lightly pierced quick chase ended hope folding wings looked backward regret godfrey cass cheek eye brighter undivided aims firmness dunsey minds soldier country cared specific inquiries subject delicate respectable family
purposes government listed preamble constitution suppose government fails achieve purposes case change government real question aboard caine helmsman cried place captain steve maryk deciding captain queeg government aboard caine scenes caine mutiny scene side captain ability govern scenes happened attempt mutiny storm captain actions widely talked ship officers crew read scenes answer questions captain queeg government place helmsman boots answer question caine heading san francisco talking weeks liberty free shore land captain queeg discovers crew navy rule wearing helmets jackets angrily announces loudspeakers wearing helmet jacket docked leave united states wearing deprived days leave
ago greek scholar named aristotle discovered importance comparing governments scientific collected descriptions governments city states ancient greece looked reasons states governed help study classified governments categories decided division classifying types governments noticed city states government controlled single person powerless important decisions city states government controlled small group type city government controlled citizens city aristotle gave basic types government rule monarchy rule aristocracy rule polity democracy aristotle classification figure student government school compares schools student governments schools student governments real tell teacher give answers group charge student government called student governing board sgb students ages students averages allowed part sgb elections activities
russian proverb says train child lie bed requires bed lie late teach soviet union system education based wisdom proverb children specially favored class soviet younger generation represents russia future government works hard conform communist blueprint political training begins early nursery school majority russian women equal footing husbands pregnant woman paid leave eighth month pay continues months child born women end period paid leave result millions infants handed nursery schools mother breast feed child morning takes nursery school factory office end working women husbands collect children home morning lives children nursery school taught speak places sing dance child reached age graduated nursery knows things politics
hot summer months delegates philadelphia debated plans compromises argued fiercely ideas including luther martin angrily walked convention finally delegates produced complete plan government called constitution united states included sherman compromise fifths compromise hand lettered master penman document ready delegates signatures convention delegates found hard accept parts constitution oldest delegate ben franklin tried coax unhappy delegates signing saw faults constitution thought learn live change mind approve things saw faults delegates room bitterly disagreed edmund randolph virginia george mason virginia elbridge gerry massachusetts saw faults constitution refused sign names outnumbered delegates believed constitution weak house congress september solemnly signed names document created left philadelphia home plan government created philadelphia weak house congress
guardsmen broke suddenly room robespierre supporters hiding robespierre brother climbed window fell street dead helpless couthon lame unable walk plunged staircase injured head saint yielded resistance le bas killed pistol handing robespierre shot jaw say robespierre attempt suicide wounded soldier saint couthon held morning city hall building robespierre laid table head resting box samples army bread hour opened eyes glanced wearily curious onlookers began wipe blood streamed mouth surgeon instructed prepare robespierre execution bandaged shattered jaw extracted loose teeth robespierre gave sign pain presently sufferer sat table pulled stockings staggered chair asking water clean linen late afternoon death procession assembled saint stood cart head held high neck bare carnation buttonhole colleagues robespierre brother watching crowds joyful lively full cruel quips sneers couthon died executioner took minutes force twisted body straight plank guillotine
ways complicated french american france countries government services laws provided single government national government taxes french police officer uniform french army truck fund french national treasury government complicated americans citizens governments national local french live unitary system powers belong single government americans live federal system powers divided national governments governments transfer powers local governments system important national governments allowed allowed constitution draws line governments sets kinds powers powers national government forbidden states powers governments powers forbidden governments chart page lists powers government mentioned constitution look examples kind power need look constitution find powers granted forbidden federal system look sections article pages section list powers section find list powers granted national government
november susan anthony registered illegally vote november led small group women polls rochester york voted november susan anthony arrested marshal boarded bus told driver traveling expense government gentleman escorting jail ask fare prosecutor trial richard crowley argued susan anthony woman entitled vote knowing woman entitled vote voted anyway intention bad guilty ms anthony attorney henry selden summarized case illegal fact client voted election act brother circumstances act judged innocent honorable woman crime beleive instance woman brought criminal court merely account sex ms anthony brought court sentencing speech prosecutors united states marshal district attorney district judge honor bench equal political sovereigns bosses honor submitted case jury clearly duty
form government words constitution government run human beings human beings form habits things habits control actions written laws law eating cereal breakfast sandwich lunch sandwich breakfast cereal lunch americans obey cereal breakfast habit strictly law law requiring president congress january speech union constitution say president give congress information union say members congress expect president address january presidents january president wait september speech fuss constitution practice choosing republican democratic candidates believe constitution says political parties kind fact founding fathers hoped thing political party america ink dry constitution parties started forming competing
citizen influence course history major wish definitely opinions felt high places government let tell story american big dream determination true story george lehleitner quiet soft spoken private citizen orleans played central role bringing statehood hawaii held public office business interests stake conducted successful personal battle plain everyday american deeply believed story begins war ii lehleitner serving skipper navy ship june captain lehleitner docked hawaii deliver hundred japanese prisoners war pearl harbor visit hawaii loved island shocked saw loyal community american core operating wholly un american system government inhabitants voting representation national congress hawaiians paying taxes americans sons drafted armed services voice government lehleitner mind contradiction fighting recalls fighting war maintain freedom
joseph conrad born poland full baptismal jozef teodor konrad nalecz korzeniowski spent fifteen sea english ships seaman later officer naturalized british subject eventually settled live england death twenty acknowledged master english fiction remained essentially alien advantage writer gave critical distance subject matter style enhanced attractive strangeness foreign accent sentence nigger narcissus big foaming sea mist ship roaring wildly rush looked mischievous discomposing madman axe characteristic tone conrad tone accustomed confront danger coolly observant detachment adjective discomposing sounds oddly prim foreign deliberately chosen humor understatement touch conrad greatness simple appalling power simile theme alien doubly woven secret sharer young captain narrates story ship command stranger crew remove human society stands outcast fugitive sharer embody fundamental loneliness individual earth
hand lines fishing stakes resembling mysterious system half submerged bamboo fences incomprehensible division domain tropical fishes crazy aspect abandoned nomad tribe fishermen end ocean sign human habitation eye reach left group barren islets suggesting ruins stone walls towers blockhouses foundation set blue sea looked solid stable lie feet track light westering sun shone smoothly animated glitter tells imperceptible ripple turned head parting glance tug left anchored bar saw straight line flat shore joined stable sea edge edge perfect unmarked closeness levelled floor half brown half blue enormous dome sky insignificance islets sea small clumps trees side fault impeccable joint marked mouth river left preparatory stage homeward journey inland level larger loftier mass grove surrounding pagoda thing eye rest vain task exploring monotonous sweep horizon
skipper sephora thin red whisker round face sort complexion goes hair colour smeary shade blue eyes exactly showy figure shoulders high stature middling leg slightly bandy shook hands looking vaguely spiritless tenacity main characteristic judged behaved politeness disconcert shy mumbled ashamed saying gave archbold distance sure ship particulars sort manner criminal making reluctant doleful confession terrible weather passage terrible terrible wife aboard seated cabin steward brought tray bottle glasses thanks took liquor water drank tumblerfuls terrible thirsty daylight exploring islands round ship fun asked appearance polite interest sighed painful duty persisted mumbling wanted double hear word hit notion informing regretted say hard hearing
dublin sixties alec put morrison hotel big family hotel corner dawson street gentry ireland father paying bill months able wasn racing stables elections moore hall wasn call overflowing money think morrison clearly moore hall front door opening short passage half dozen steps leading house glass doors coffee room showing dimness front visitor big staircase running landing remember passages landing half passages don speak staircase think drummed climb banisters thing wished afraid astride lose head fall ground floor stop reaching lost balance gas lamps think passages led minor stairs miss
london soon death nurse began irish page parents knew nurse told told interjected hubert told asked saying holding told died died suddenly died suddenly hubert repeated telling begin beginning don story beginning anyway don beginning bastard nurse brought knew tell hinted grand folk big allowance education hundred paid education parents lived died allowance longer paid nurse sudden reverend mother education convent school told mrs nobbs nurse news coming home parents dead living henceforth
albert rousing remembering hubert intention catch early train began remember train started amiens street slept heavily awakened stolen quietly lord amassy seeing overslept full hour began dress muttering thing happened hotel full hold didn send missis thought bedfellow mayhap let sleep told shouldn close eye till left fall habit sheing lord missis knew overslept full hour soon greater haste speed despite difficulty finding clothes albert landing twenty minutes running stairs preparing breakfasts half dozen sitting rooms charge driving saying re late today house full visitors turned rung bell lord albert housemaid wouldn worry fat late don hurt
kipling speaks hoped english stop hating impossible miss vindictive note approval corrective nonsense tell true story war england speaker farmer wife native village manchester recalling night manchester blitz returning nazi pilot jumped parachute damaged plane landed fields believe police round wanted poor lad lock finished breakfast miss mary postgate lady mc wrote conscientious tidy companionable ladylike sorry part interested welfare miss fowler engaged recommendation surprise experience companions found true miss fowler nearer sixty fifty needed care exhaust attendant vitality contrary gave stimulatingly reminiscences father minor court official days exhibition set seal civilisation perfect miss fowler tales young mary young speech colourless eyes hair shocked
lawrence alive died heard spoken genius begun doubt vague intimidating word applied think meant describe lawrence meant kind writer creates powerful effects breaking literary rules theodore dreiser quality certainly lawrence careless rambling repetitive writes touch thought greatest gift understanding physical contact implications wonderfully able convey art critics call tactile values animals vegetables inanimate objects resembles sculptor painter think say revolutionized art description bringing degree subjective intimacy relates scene subjective observer illusion inside observer seeing eyes feeling nerves lawrence description taos ranch house st mawr surely finest passages kind written shows entire landscape transformed awe admiration fear hatred england woman terms spirit western wilderness
isable pervin listening sounds sound wheels drive noise husband footsteps hall dearest oldest friend indispensable living drive rainy dusk closing november trap fetch station husband blinded flanders disfiguring mark brow coming outhouses home totally blind happy grange maurice place farmstead wernhams occupied rear premises acted farmers isabel lived husband handsome rooms front entirely wounded talked sang read wonderful unspeakable intimacy reviewed books scottish newspaper carrying interest occupied deal farm sightless discuss wernham deal place menial true gave satisfaction milked cows carried pails turned separator attended pigs horses full strangely serene blind peaceful incomprehensible peace contact darkness
robert graves stands impressively cantankerusly comically nobly contemporaries classify leader school draws strength wrestling single brutish mob certainly major poet living historical novelist claudius claudius god anthropological studies white goddess combine careful scholarship brilliant guesswork written exhaustive encyclopedia greek myths handbook writers called reader shoulder haunts warnings write lines autobiography goodbye unforgettable account trench war shout indirectly product graves war experience says written living neurasthenic verge nightmare richard story surrogate easy believe frightening power dark depths write entertainment dante puts describe bottom universe task undertakes sport tongue cries mama papa difficult tell story terror excites dread awe story horror merely alarm loathing disgust
arrived bags asylum cricket ground chief medical officer met house staying shake hands told scoring lampton team today broken finger week keeping wicket bumpy pitch interesting companion scoresman asked crossley intelligent asylum answered doctor wide reader class chessplayer travelled delusions delusion murderer story killed woman sydney australia delusion humorous soul split pieces means edits monthly magazine stage manages christmas theatricals gave original conjuring performance introduced crossley big forty fifty queer unpleasant face felt uncomfortable sitting scoring box black whiskered hands close mine fear physical violence sense presence unusual force occult powers hot scoring box spite wide window
tell muse ingenious hero traveled wide sacked famous town troy cities visit nations manners customs acquainted suffered sea trying save bring safely home save perished sheer folly eating cattle sun god hyperion god prevented reaching home greeks escaped death battle shipwreck safely home odysseus longing return wife country detained goddess calypso large cave wanted marry gods settled ithaca gods begun pity poseidon persecuted ceasing let home poseidon ethiopians ends gods met house olympian zeus athena father son cronus king kings heart bleeds odysseus think sufferings lonely island friends island covered forest middle sea goddess lives daughter magician atlas carries columns heaven earth
island acolus lives island floats sea unbroken wall bronze cliffs drop sheer sea acolus entertained month asking questions troy greek fleet return greeks told exactly happened asked help set flayed prime oxhide hold roaring winds shut hide sack zeus captain winds put sack ship bound mouth tightly silver thread breath side wind blow quarter west wind fair let blow chose lost folly days nights sailed tenth native land showed horizon close fires burning dead beat fell light sleep let rudder hands home faster fell talking bringing gold silver sack acolus
odysseus tore rags sprang broad threshold bow quiver full arrows poured arrows ground feet mighty contest end apollo let hit mark hit aimed deadly arrow antinous handled gold cup drink wine hands thought death revelers think brave stand kill arrow struck antinous throat point clean neck fell cup dropped hand thick stream blood gushed nostrils kicked table upset things bread roasted meats fell ground suitors uproar saw hit sprang seats looked walls shield spear rebuked odysseus angrily stranger pay shooting contest doomed slain foremost youth ithaca vultures devour killed
fall discovered soles shoes worn clear sunday school sunday school superintendent speech classes hard times poor children getting eat heard asked bring food poor children sunday felt sorry poor children envelopes distributed classes boy girl bring money poor sunday pretty sunday school teacher explained write names parents write left hand corner envelopes told mother home mother gave sunday small bag potatoes carry sunday school supposed poor children mothers potato soup potato soup father joker say surprised ah nourishing soup today father home liked grumpy sat reading general grant memoirs parents
thousand injuries fortunato borne ventured insult vowed revenge nature soul suppose gave utterance threat length avenged point definitely settled definitiveness resolved precluded idea risk punish punish impunity wrong unredressed retribution overtakes redresser equally unredressed avenger fails felt wrong understood word deed fortunato doubt continued wont smile face perceive smile thought immolation weak point fortunato regards respected feared prided connoisseurship wine italians true virtuoso spirit part enthusiasm adapted suit opportunity practice imposture british austrian millionaires painting gemmary fortunato countrymen quack matter wines sincere respect differ materially skillful italian vintages bought largely
point view criminal expert sherlock holmes london singularly uninteresting city death late lamented professor moriarty think find decent citizens agree answered selfish smile pushed chair breakfast table community certainly gainer loser save poor specialist occupation field morning paper presented infinite possibilities smallest trace watson faintest indication tell malignant brain gentlest tremors edges web remind foul spider lurks center petty thefts wanton assaults purposeless outrage held clue worked connected scientific student higher criminal capital europe offered advantages london possessed shrugged shoulders humorous deprecation things produce speak holmes months request sold practice returned share quarters baker street young doctor named verner purchased small kensington practice astonishingly demur highest price ventured ask incident explained later found verner distant relation holmes friend found money
dr sadao house built spot japanese coast boy played low square stone house set rocks narrow beach outlined bent pines boy sadao climbed pines supporting bare feet seen south seas climbed coconuts father islands seas failed say grave boy side islands yonder steppingstones future japan step sadao asked seriously knows father answered limit future depends sadao mind father father joked played spent infinite pains son sadao knew education father chief concern reason twenty america learn learned surgery medicine thirty father died seen sadao famous surgeon scientist perfecting discovery render wounds entirely clean abroad troops
nations subcontinent villages range population hundred thousand large cities specks habitation bus stop railway station villages prosperous poor imagination villages electricity plumbing sanitation schools rarer libraries doctors dentists paved streets movies phones mail reaches villages slowly newspapers magazines books reach strangers rarely pass news distant places filters nearly village transistor radio holidays ceremonies village dancing group puppet show magician village especially large family fair shopping visiting entertainment occasionally village attend wedding sri lanka poverty extreme distances towns shorter contact easier villages isolated despite poverty lack contact wider village actually lively place early morning sun rises farmers walk fields spread sides village
villages building public purposes entertainment council house buildings mainly mud bricks women village responsible cleaning maintaining council house allowed spend leisure seasonal farm tasks ease village gather council house talk play cards smoke hookah yard reed tobacco pipe puffs hookah times passing neighbor seated floor village spend hours smoking passing hookah saying word major purpose council house serve seat local government village leaders meet month discuss issues affect community council meeting simmering dispute boundaries piece land heard question head wanted give land son family contesting boundary lines record land boundaries district office larger village miles looked clear problem discussion council worked compromise acceptable sides subject council agenda involved installation
thousands indian history subcontinent invaded times early centuries invading armies asia north east european conquerer marched head powerful army alexander greek warrior king put command lands home country north west india alexander swept india iran afghanistan erecting chain cities pushed forward reaching fertile plains northwest india today called punjab defeated armies war elephants reigning prince porus alexander overextended trouble holding gains soldiers mutinied forced curtail march short distance northwest part subcontinent india eastern limit conquests european leader managed establish firm link india centuries europeans knew india course overland route continents exhaustingly danger threatened early portugal prince henry navigator began sending exploration ships west coast africa hoped captains find africa proceed india vasco da portuguese captain circled cape hope africa southern tip
govindan age returned south indian village university completed law studies walking father owned small paint factory village street govindan stopped set square hot govindan thirsty began lower bucket drink moment father stood silent angry ordered govindan reason anger caste social group village caste lower caste govindan belonged defiled family drinking water possibility defilement upset govindan father govindan millions india longer believed caste customs ready defy obeyed father immediately drunk water violation custom village traditional ways govindan remembered caste belonged caste customs weaker india powerful places villages fact caste customs responsible condition indian society today
room sucker slept bed didn interfere room mine wanted remember sawing trap door floor sophomore high school tacked wall pictures girls magazines underwear mother bothered younger kids look sucker thought swell bring friends room glance sucker busy maybe half smile leave saying word brought kids twelve younger knew telling didn want kids age meddling things half forget sucker brother cousin practically remember family folks killed wreck baby kid sisters brother sucker remember believe word nickname couple ago told jump garage umbrella act parachute wouldn fall hard
switzers scurrying daisy ready elmer kruse town known week elmer thing appeared rainy today roads muddy thought maybe week mrs switzer trying moment daisy things battered telescope lay bed bed gotten soon daisy mrs switzer hurry woodworths wash today daisy things scattered dark brown quilt rumpled sheet dingy clammy damp weather bedroom sloping ceiling fashioned square windows commode dresser littered pin trays curlers broken combs ribbons smoky lamp mixed door closet open showing confusion clothes shabby shoes slept room mrs switzer dwight bed girls cot wall mama find belt plaid dress somewheres guess let send
happened county ago maybe judge sheffield wasn days called judge sheffield account ponderous walked ministerial voice swore nathan sheffield boy heart guess wouldn hunting squirrels boyishness nature judge sheffield saw quilts felt quilts felt beauty hands glencoe neighborhood traveled ten miles northwest minnehaha considerable distance drive sedentary horse dick tied dick timber fence chicken river took rifle walked amid walnut trees thin yellow leaves shone autumn sky hear crows bickering fragrant bottomland taste frost air taste red haws judge sheffield mouth nostrils sucked wild cool smoky smell prairies burned afternoon sunlight judge sheffield worshiping god didn care shot squirrel commanding figure church taught bible class plenty autumn mornings soul walnut trees
worth give gift set high store end prove valueless trifle bestow turn truth gold worth gift measured heart giver receiver lives spent hidden hearts package found night felicity hall table small wrapped plain brown paper return address upper left corner sender started put package noticed handwriting wild scrawling handwriting despair nuns st agnes roseanne shouted felicity shower living room removed carton books chair married month apartment felicity shared girls help move things apartment sat looked package sister called felicity sound water nice sat chair tracing hand scrawling handwriting today roseanne walks tall thought walks path guessed chosen yesterday roseanne smiled memory vanished child maddening infuriating sister hated growing
agony torment mental physical stems conflict conflict conflict conflict conflict feel stories unit deals agony case agony stems source characters resolve conflict fail reader feels victory human spirit rests outcome attempt sam folks put brave knowing sooner later brave living boy faulkner bear listened sam knew dog sam patching encounter bear face uncanny bear brave boy conflict resolution reader judge extent faulkner achieves role prescribed artists nobel prize acceptance speech paul mountains luis julio forced quickly father food supply running low furs provide warmth mother baby
julio lay quietly eyes moving turning open door led room looking hear women saying brother luis asleep blanket catskins covered luis sleep matter happened firelight walls ceiling julio awake mother weeping room silent night nights place home fire goes sleep thought julio legs ached holding nights ago mother birth baby girl josefina martinez miles bernalillo assist father mexico wagon train trade summer autumn promising weather fortunate rosa baby sons josefina midwife huge fire front room left door open heat wave silently boys stayed outdoors shuddered horses november moon wafting firelight nimble sounds repeated sufferings boy felt deputy father luis sixteen julio thirteen luis stout boy legs arms cottonwood branch round wieldy
dr sadao house built spot japanese coast boy played low square stone house set rocks narrow beach outlined bent pines boy sadao climbed pines supporting bare feet seen south seas climbed coconuts father islands seas failed say grave boy side islands yonder steppingstones future japan step sadao asked seriously knows father answered limit future depends sadao mind father father joked played spent infinite pains son sadao knew education father chief concern reason twenty america learn learned surgery medicine thirty father died seen sadao famous surgeon scientist perfecting discovery render wounds entirely clean abroad troops
class reunions tried set clock pay insolence morning beverley witherspoon unhappy recalling phase college unhappy chiefly lack achievement respective careers gave antipathy sight class umpteen beginning raise grave reflections basic purposes existence beverley recalled incident took pride college careers proud incident element chicanery meddling soul destiny cheerleaders shouting gap shouting cheer brooks brooks brooks class echo roar disturbing distant thunder horrid irony thing remembered brooks beverley raised forefinger pierce veil occurred beverley saying raise voice barrage stimulated sound reunions saddest things thank heaven mask fun fun horrid word ninety cent friends gathered tonight failures
days leathery face asa putman document cipher read code saturday traveler passed solitary post speck adobe picket corrals lost vast sandy stretch santa ana plain eye doorway rutted el trail unfenced gutterless innocent grading gravel culverts telephone poles imprinted iron tires hoofs horses oxen sheep cattle paw loping lobo wolf lay dust unraised ordinarily freighters cracking whips trailers rumbling army trains forts set tents night springs private coaches santa fe colorado merchants cattle kings government officials stopped putman children admire ladies magnificent woodwork luxurious cushions inside trail herds gaunt red steers bawled water earthen tank pairs companies horsemen rode saturday solitary buckboard settlements cedar country called supplies letters girl blue mesa ridden neighbors mail eaten dinner putmans refused stay overnight started ride home stranger east spoken stillness deadly waiting asked uneasily uncle gideon promised
think love marriage think wray clerkly figure clerkly mind met york millions seeking busy affairs fortunately saw limitations average ambitions average connected large commercial agencies inquire standing businessmen small large report findings price businessmen interested satisfied persist achieve fair ambition managership branch concern pay thousand thing interested genial pleasing disposition fact wealth opportunity studying human mind resources resourcefulness inhibitions liberations humor tragedy general largely concerned bare facts differing enterprises character supposed investigate solvent pay bills capital stock cash hand nature data needed largely confined
hard whipples hard feed hungry mouths hard children flannels winter short god knows lived north say keeping decently clean hard looks luck won let whipple mrs whipple taking calling neighbors earshot don let soul hear complain saying husband couldn stand pitied comes live wagon pick cotton country going chance look mrs whipple loved son simple minded loved children put forever saying talked neighbors throw husband mother measure saying whipple think feeling natural mother mrs whipple remind natural mother don expect fathers didn neighbors talking plainly
caddies poor sin lived room houses neurasthenic cow front yard dexter green father owned grocery store black bear hub patronized wealthy sherry island dexter caddied pocket money fall days crisp gray minnesota winter shut white lid box dexter skis moved snow hid fairways golf course times country gave feeling profound melancholy offended links lie enforced fallowness haunted ragged sparrows season dreary tees gay colors fluttered summer desolate sand boxes knee deep crusted ice crossed hills wind blew cold misery sun tramped eyes squinted hard dimensionless glare april winter ceased abruptly snow ran black bear lake scarely tarrying early golfers brave season red black balls elation interval moist glory cold dexter knew dismal northern spring knew gorgeous fall fall clinch hands tremble repeat idiotic sentences brisk abrupt gestures command imaginary audiences armies
clad gray duster wearing soft gray cap father short strong sat bolt upright stiffly held gauntleted hands straight wheel car jiggled scurrying narrow england country road indignant father drove faster emphasize saying reason drove slower fond driving drove badly grown cars drive help course help father snorted adding speed severe dark mustache bristle tinted sunglasses turned heaven sake look re cried looked dignity train thought shaken continued boys help don let finish began elaborately give chance don tell help tired hearing clifford want gang bootlickers hang study bum tea afternoon practically spoke feel spurn invitation dangerous independence
mrs ballinger ladies pursue culture bands dangerous meet end founded lunch club association composed indomitable huntresses erudition lunch club winters lunching debate acquired local distinction entertainment distinguished strangers accepted functions recognition duly extended celebrated osric dane arrival hillbridge invitation present meeting club meet mrs ballinger members voice deploring unwillingness cede rights favour mrs plinth house impressive setting entertainment celebrities mrs leveret observed picture gallery fall mrs plinth secret sharing view regarded obligations entertain lunch club distinguished guests mrs plinth proud obligations picture gallery fact fond implying possession implied woman wealth afford live standard high set round sense duty roughly adoptable ends opinion providence exacted humbly stationed power predestined mrs plinth footman clearly intended maintain equally specialized staff responsibilities
incident rapid door closed departing pair members understand happening sense indignity put osric dane unceremonious desertion began contend confused feeling cheated due exactly knowing silence mrs ballinger perfunctory hand rearranged skillfully grouped literature distinguished guest glanced miss van tartly pronounced say consider osric dane departure loss confession crystallised resentment members mrs leveret exclaimed believe purpose nasty mrs plinth private opinion osric dane attitude lunch club welcomed majestic setting plinth drawing rooms liking reflect inadequacy mrs ballinger establishment sought roundabout satisfaction depreciating lack foresight subject ready happens re unprepared xingu slowness mrs plinth mental processes allowed club instance mrs ballinger equanimity xingu scoffed fact knowing unprepared osric dane furious
summer twilight city front quiet clicking pool hall young mexican american breathed warm air looked talked watched cars glide black panthers hot asphalt saw trolleys loom thunderstorms scatter lightning rumble silence hey sighed martinez youngest sweetly sad swell night huh swell observed moved close drifted close brushing suddenly street buildings miles suddenly leaned cars buildings stayed edge touched quiet warm summer evening martinez face cold nights wish lots things wishing villanazul shouted books loud room spoke whispers street wishing useless pastime unemployed unemployed cried vamenos unshaven listen jobs money martinez friends true villanazul gazed green plaza palm trees swayed soft night wind wish wish plaza speak business gather nights talk big talk
learned lesson bitter friend friendships ardent short ended packing unforgetting indignation fault swear vilely front girl knew pious prim grandiloquent gangster added vocabulary awful tongue call tenderfoot scout sissy fun athletics daughter high school coach outbursts plan simply middle game russian bank hike conversation possessed passion lips instantly warning accommodate friend surprised irrevocable slander terrible talented invective boiling mouth afterward solitude wanted dismayed sadly finish game cards table sit mesa glaze tears watch friend departing outraged strides mournfully talk alienated knew turn famine set companion buff cat loathed human beings significantly truly
dictionary questions understanding literature organized set important questions asked literature serve high school basic source questions teachers students asking literature read view continued reference dictionary reasonable suppose develop habit asking important questions read independently teachers textbooks organization questions dictionary simple move general impression classification tentative statement theme analyze literary techniques express develop theme conclude final evaluation light earlier steps process purpose dictionary questions simply teach habits critical reading devised help form habits serve reading habits enable read intelligently critically daily newspaper reports business meeting latest significant play help formulate express vague feelings satisfaction significant general feelings disappointment silly movie short purpose dictionary questions accustom ask important questions answer evaluate properly read
caveman discovered draw arrows ground pointed stick scratch designs walls cave piece flint trying communicate means written symbols caveman arrows served show cavemen location river direction unfriendly animal designs etched stone walls parlor represented instinctive effort expression motives distant ancestor responding basic human urge urge communicate writing today complicated subtle conscious purpose crude symbols early basic urge piece writing remains communicate share knowledge ideas feelings say things purpose writing purpose newspaper report magazine article short story poem purpose essay essay mere record fact pure imagination paper write history class crowded facts gathered reference works look essay matter carefully rewritten facts words
word opinion loosely tend claim opinions sorts prejudices sentiments platitudes vague convictions genuine opinion strong support structure essay meet specifications clearly laid definition opinion belief based absolute certainty positive knowledge true valid probable mind thinks judgment find tool suited purposes definition test opinion immediately chosen valid essay topic clear difference opinion fact failure distinction commonest error student writers opinion based absolute certainty positive knowledge prove reasonable doubt true opinion fact observation commonplace status fact facts converted opinions serve essay topics fact population united states million figure matter record proved convert fact suitable essay topic ask means judge reach opinion judgment character national changing result increased population research guarantee food supply future ways educating young found public education survive
quickly discover opinions reach interesting certainly enthusiasm subject write subjects find topic interesting simply job putting words happy turn phrase spice character effective arousing interest opinion opposition substantial number disagree views subject sure views excite interest real explanation weakness topic friendship important falls flat reasonable intellignce dream challenging readers simply interested opinion obviously demonstrably true write kind paper course want read mother maybe friend difficulty disguising yawns argument essay simple essay final analysis argument author pitting opinion opinion subject stronger opposition hotter argument greater interest choose opinion defend opinion rubs wrong
basic structure essay extremely simple parts introduction body conclusion put simpler terms beginning middle end strikes painfully obvious surprised learn failure understand simple arrangement explains collapse essays single tendency beginning writer jump squarely middle essay unloading information opinion comes mind introducing subject throws reader misses concluding drops thing thud spins intolerably stop careful preparation student unhappily aware knows essay didn disconsolate uncomprehending mad egg lady gathers eggs exquisite care packs delicately basket weeps break dumps floor fortunately writer hopeless position egg lady scrambles basket ideas tries unload writing re assemble collection later begin save deal wasted effort knows advance wants ideas realizes writes essay confronted dumping process building process
paragraph sufficient introduce essay structure paragraph structure paragraph essay function function introductory paragraph simply introduce subject point examine sample introduction american buggy race thing past spirit lives today thousand dragstrips teen age boys race hotrods grandfathers raced horse drawn rigs boy wheel roaring modern buggy deal grandfather daring spirit machine built mainly hands head full technical knowledge grandpa dreamed race drives contest test test knowledge skill driver grandfather race challenger today drag racing teen primarily automotive engineer eager test theories win races paragraph note opens broad general statement related thesis gradually narrows single point thesis sentence sentence closes thesis structurally triangle resting point figure moves general specific pan shot close broad observation punch line
big middle section essay introduction conclusion length number paragraphs depends entirely points want cover want cover foolish decide advance precisely paragraphs intend write foolish impossible sorts influences begin working start writing find thinking explain clearly add point rule follow write need write order present case clearly completely persuasively middle section short real power essay resides middle section argument put forward reasons convince reader thesis brilliant introduction stagger mid flight faulty rocket develop middle section essay properly mid flight power depends things course vocabulary tone imagination originality style skills working language consideration crucial beginner logical development fortunately perfectly prepared took care worked pro con arguments full thesis statement lined waiting
major points want essay listed full thesis statement listed points automatically committed middle paragraphs bare minimum starting point essay substance major points likely need considerably discussion single paragraph handle fact nearly impossible major argument completely paragraph simply major argument important find adding clearing question commenting related side issues major point multiply paragraphs small point easiest decide minor point deserves paragraph think writing talk say conversation listen thing writing start paragraph paragraphing amounts impossible predetermine exact length paragraph impossible predetermine length essay depends want say want say seen paragraphs mere flashes thought thrust heavier blocks writing
paragraph pattern easy master force visualize want say middle sentences write topic sentence ask kind photograph kind picture paint illustrate point give picture clearly mind put picture words detail photographer painter result vivid picture framed topic sentence concluding sentence reader mean showing telling practice specific illustrations vivid detail showing telling important difference interesting uninteresting writing children harlem born white children encounter live terrible poverty advantages children accept matter course read real stir interest tells show supply reader pictures interest goes immediately harlem child born white children encounter lives crowded coldwater flat place peeling wallpaper crumbling plaster ugly scuttling sound rats notice word poverty unquestionably effect poverty greater
chapter took close look paragraph examining essay examine carburetor engine single musical phrase composition found paragraph wholeness independence stand sense remember matter paragraph stands small part larger essay order part operation connect smoothly parts loaded car moving freight train carries separate portion cargo firmly coupled car immediately ahead matter fact bad idea think essay moving train introduction locomotive commands clear view track warning toot announce departure supplies power set wheels motion body essay string paragraphs locomotive freight car load thought conclusion course caboose car end commanding view country passed thing analogy clear separate cars reach destination firmly hitched
ago forgotten happened discovered talk pronounce words string express thoughts miraculous discovery place early taking meals highchair getting things chopped spinach lunch manner child don want spinach want candy announcement effect menu dazzling implications future suddenly talking sentences age course idea called sentences simply sounds satisfying sounds solid feeling beginning middle end tell ear took care learned read sentences finally write remember produced piece writing clutching thick lead pencil perspiring biting lower lip managed copy set mysterious symbols spelled sally saw cat big cat black cat big black cat told sentences gabbling happily course sentences complicated certainly interesting
concerned broad rhythms sentences effect varied sentence length essay look individual sentences step achieving talking rhythm writing variation sentence length deal involved length merely sentence longer shorter deal easier write short sentence course making short instinctively cut important parts general things tendency happen person experience chop undergrowth jungle essentials real problems begin write longer sentences sentence longer simply adding meaningless phrases repeating slightly words thing dull sentence duller things important actor sense timing sense timing actor sentence certainly longer compare original page worse dull downright simple minded
students grasp easily technique adding details sentence stumps job actually making details add add faced necessity filling detail sentence labored produce respond gloomy hopeless think thing count despairing crew realized say think thing talking nonsense think house mind swarms rooflines windows rooms furniture colors noises smells seasons streets lawns plaster plumbing porches pets think ran instantaneously mind re creates sound pounding feet straining breath feel wind face stitch side sense panic pleasure accompanied running think dog think book think popularity think think things truth think things humanly impossible mind human mind giant memory bank storing bits pieces experienced seen touched tasted smelled heard thought felt certainly forgotten things wealth detail remaining inexhaustible short cutting head couldn rid wanted
held tight structure reasoned argument hopefully discipline taught think structurally try hand kind essay lighthearted personal detached fall held limitation writing essays person hopefully greater control achieved elements style earned person earned admit word writing vocabulary served rigorous apprenticeship freedom lies ahead fresh explorations experiment lighthearted adventure course essays solemn exercises logical argument persuasion highly personal anecdotal ranging tone tragic comic subtle urbane perceptive reader aware underlying structure organized works composition direct encounters writer personality essays read experiments aware tremendous range possibilities essay form specific assignments designed teach give practice technique give pleasure
ability write satisfactory term paper research paper called absolute requirement academic success college standard part course lecture final examination entirely practical consideration experience writing term paper tremendous student open avenues learning fact learn learn faster stronger sense intellectual satisfaction writing term paper method provided course understand unfortunately students college high school think term paper simply tiresome report supposed prove proves reading subject end visit library industriously copy related facts reference books meet requirement miss thompson pages didn gather result handsome title page bearing legend term paper supposed official hand large sigh relief secretly convinced enterprise complete waste conviction founded resemblance kind dutiful copy real term paper purely coincidental rest assured miss thompson bored
thousands attempted fight disease efforts based thought caused ill health result measures employed ranged mysticism magic latest scientific discoveries religion important force determining health practices primitive form worship simple fashion divided spirits gods categories evil recognized illness affected tribe natural blame evil spirits groups control measures based appeasing spirits took form offering sacrifices illness involved person commonly thought spell evil spirit treatment consisted driving evil spirit body banning group affected religious thinking sophisticated transferred responsibility health called gods spirits disease looked punishment sin ill thought broken moral laws control measures adopted appease offended god middle ages number epidemics killed thousands days prayer fasting sacrifice established effort control outbreaks disease epidemics took place colonial times treated similar fashion
mental health promote maintain mental health seeking answers questions questions difficult answer mental health influenced factors affect behavior individual behavior motivated needs needs biological environmental social emotional tend behave attempt satisfy needs individuals vary deal ability adjust adapt situations satisfy needs socially acceptable ways poorly adjusted individual attempts meet needs behavior frequently socially acceptable exhibit behavior socially acceptable called abnormal maladjusted making distinction acceptable unacceptable behavior simple procedure universally accepted definition normal behavior behavior considered normal acceptable depends society lives behavior acceptable society acceptable illustrates individual live society accepted behavior includes generosity trust person showed characteristics selfishness distrust considered abnormal moved society selfishness distrust acceptable forms behavior considered normal behavior individual change expectations societies
growing means merely growing taller heavier important recognize human development includes physical growth intellectual advancement emotional maturity social responsibility process individual necessarily place orderly fashion individual physical growth spurt aspects development pace physical individual grow ability acquire knowledge physical growth slow word adult fully grown person emphasis size person overlook number important factors involved adult person grows matures systems body refined develops greater ability reason solve problems learns acquires socially desirable attitudes values maturation process reflected behavior society tends determine behavior age level tasks learn behavior acceptable live youth today parents tomorrow understand importance prenatal care takes place birth process physical emotional occur infancy childhood addition important understand physical emotional place puberty signal beginning adolescence
misinformation nonsense written food nutrition general public spends millions dollars yearly called health foods food supplements vitamins effort maintain improve health proper diet essential health eating habits effect live important realize magic formula special preparation provide shortcut health applying basic facts common sense provide nutrients need foods find grocery store eating practices complex depend factors eat depend food eating practices related emotional problems persons cut eating eat emotional problems try meet emotional needs overeating persons base eating habits food fads fallacies family traditions cultural patterns deal eat traditions patterns keeping sound nutritional practices families consume rich foods eat prepare foods frying boil broil foods
problem overweight affects children teen agers adults teen age group estimated million overweight keeping excess weight important overweight major obesity overeating individual simply takes calories excess stored body fat persons looking mirror overweight doubt check doctor try simple pinch test pinch fold skin midsection thumb forefinger pinch inch indication overweight hasty decisions consult physician mistakenly believed fat obese person jolly healthy happy lucky individual jolly happy statistics show healthy excess weight increases health hazards increase health hazards severe gain weight takes place age general studies individuals overweight live problem overweight persons greater risk kidney heart circulatory disorders obese person poorer chance recovery operation illness non obese person
point thinking seriously problems result tooth decay oral disorders oral health important oral health affect general health tooth decay gum diseases preventable choice procedures increase chances oral health read chapter learn dental problems affect teeth gums total learn research scientists tooth decay prevented diseases supporting structures teeth periodontal diseases discussed addition learn diseases prevented information problems related malocclusion poor alignment teeth presented finally study fluoridation beneficial total health dental neglect result infections teeth gums jawbone major organs body addition type neglect effect behavior social setting person appearance personality involved things notice person smile teeth unsightly teeth bothered feel uncomfortable result tend avoid teeth neglected similar fashion feel comfortable teeth clean breath pleasant
earliest times alcoholic beverages times alcohol medicine ease aches pains produce general relaxation part folkways culture nations groups alcoholic beverages important religious civil ceremonies united states today number persons drink alcoholic beverages estimated million difficulty arises alcohol number problems arise centuries problems related alcohol centered improper excessive beverages widespread alcohol continues confusion alcohol society misuse alcohol medical economic emotional social effects society troublesome problems alcohol considered stimulant reality depressant sedative substance stimulant takes controls emotional restraints engage behavior ordinarily avoid alcohol works bodies children adolescents adults course amount alcohol smaller body stronger effect emotionally react differently uncontrolled behavior intoxication major hazard young
hundreds attempts define problem drinking problem drinkers task extremely difficult broad range considered acceptable drinking behavior group define occasional binge problem group say acceptable behavior american medical association health organization recognized alcoholism illness alcoholic sick person treated american medical association defines alcoholics excessive drinkers dependence alcohol attained degree shows noticeable disturbance interference bodily mental health interpersonal relations satisfactory social economic functioning health organization describes alcoholism chronic illness manifests disorder behavior characterized repeated alcoholic beverages extent exceeds customary dietary compliance social customs community interferes drinker health economic social functioning problem drinkers adjusted overwhelmed vague feelings uncertainty anxiety apprehension inadequacy inferiority result tend consider failures fear testing situations avoid alcohol person false sense security confidence effect alcohol wears problems maginified feelings fear guilt rejection added
controversy effect smoking health continues hold interest side argument call attention studies deaths higher smokers nonsmokers increase lung cancer emphysema parallels increase cigarette smoking deaths smokers increase number cigarettes smoked increases giving smoking reduces danger diseases side argument think evidence presented purely statistical circumstantial argue effect relationship smoking disease definitely established addition view increase noted lung cancer diseases due diagnosis casefinding arguments suggest air pollution industry automobile exhausts considering smoke examine evidence intelligent decision based evidence evidence present heavily favors think relationship smoking ill health critical factors kind smoking cigarettes smoker inhales amount smoked number individual continued habit factors considered emphasize increased risk acquiring health problems
disease occur causative agent escape source transmitted host enter overcome resistance present process specific communicable disease successful control comes finding weak spot sequence events applying effective measure generally prevention control directed areas eliminating source infection upsetting modes transmission increasing resistance early diagnosis treatment communicable diseases destroy source infection animals serve reservoirs disease eliminated approach preventing spread diseases bubonic plague rabies bovine tuberculosis approach eliminating source infection removing sick person contact chance infection passed accomplished means isolation quarantine isolation complete separation infected persons persons period disease transmitted quarantine refers limitation freedom movement persons exposed communicable disease period equal incubation period disease procedures isolation quarantine carried personnel health departments diseases reported health agency specific rules health department disease requiring approach
despite spectacular advances united states communicable diseases persist problem communicable diseases responsible loss deal number deaths reduce vitality enjoyment principal venereal diseases united states syphilis gonorrhea diseases caused organisms mode transmission similar diseases transmitted directly infected person sexual intercourse intimate bodily contact involving sex organs mouth rectum diseases classified venereal diseases chancroid lymphogranuloma venereum granuloma inguinale caused organisms similar mode transmission syphilis gonorrhea major health problems leading communicable diseases united states deal suffering emotional physical estimated persons untreated syphilis infection develop heart disease crippled incapacitated develop paresis syphilitic insanity blind number babies born congenital syphilis stillborn approximately percent infectious venereal disease occurs persons age younger cases prevented
health problems controlled individual takes personal responsibility prevention treatment illness health problems chronic degenerative illnesses commission chronic illness national health council defined chronic illness impairments deviations normal characteristics permanent leave residual disability caused nonreversible pathological alterations require special training patient rehabilitation expected require period supervision observation care term illnesses increasingly important united states infectious diseases brought control striking leading death leading death infectious diseases today ten leading death chronic illnesses today reflect basic facts infectious diseases control types diseases tend common number older population increases increase expectancy suggests number persons continue grow result expect increase term chronic illness increasingly important public health problem indications change importance health problems listing leading death specific
war ii medical care history care obtainable development prepaid health insurance plans improvement medical care linked dramatic advances medical science methods sanitation increased levels nutrition higher standards medical practice factors contributed higher level health rest population results improvements likelihood living longer person born expected live average person born today expected live average advantage gains important select medical products services knowledge health hospitalization insurance programs need understand differences practitioners identified title doctor important understand quack methods insight differences ethical proprietary drugs ethical drugs dispensed prescription advertised professional journals read medical profession proprietary drugs called patent medicines sold pharmacies supermarkets advertised public newspapers magazines radio television promotional mail
considered medical doctor groups practitioners preparation training familiar services render art science oral health concern dentist professional training qualifies treat diseases teeth jaws gums addition concerned promoting oral health part total health dental schools require college prerequisite admission applicants schools hold bachelor degrees approximately dental schools united states schools provide training fundamental sciences dental science procedures provide practical experience clinics offer opportunities research post graduate specialists dentistry undergone training similar medical specialists specialists included list orthodontist concerned diagnosis treatment irregularities poor alignment teeth periodontist specializing prevention treatment diseases supporting tissues teeth prosthodontist concerned providing artificial replacements missing natural teeth supporting structures endodontist specializing diagnosis treatment diseases pulp chamber pulp canals oral pathologist concerned study disease processes hard soft tissues oral cavity oral surgeon specializing surgery dealing diseases injuries defects mouth jaws structures
important abreast developments health care relate personal intelligent reading consultation physician active involvement community health problems true aspect education health education end national commission community health services formed american public health association national health council purpose commission study changing health hazards hazards overcome reduce waste health resources meet health service demands future health scientists united states organized research teams study variety problems reports published title health community affair findings recommendations outlined reports interest findings important appraisal needed promote community health ahead longer think health problems affecting city county country health problems affect regard political boundaries air pollution end city line future organization health services connection specific problems agencies developed function political lines overlapping duplication services eliminated
hall slowly emptied separate streams flow checked unexpected eddies front movie house turned theater paris company performance popular author play row lamps shed beams broad pavement main street stillness warm provencal evening leaves huge plane trees magical quality exotic plant dazzling glow artificial light clear nocturnal air bergerane transformed theater stage set alive southern gaiety adorned giant trees studded galaxy players additional scene play performed magnified replica stage inside main impression common theater sets striking usual glaring unreality relieved depressing touch lifelike drabness sensation fantasy finely tempered atmosphere commonplace reality analogy established firmly fixed mind impossible moderately vivid imagination decide scene setting supernatural sequence events episode everyday occurrence lead ordinary complete unimportance extravagant incidents qualities closely interwoven hand fate incidents pathetically straightforward appalling ultimate consequence clear surface plumb darkest depths monstrous improbability insidious absurd unforgivable relentless emotions instant invade restless mind
public prosecutor home aggressively uneven cobblestones twisting lanes looked dismally empty blaze main street evening anxious avoid crowd instinctively sought refuge shadows left friends felt distress play caused keenly foolishly imagined cynosure eyes regarded insidious face personal insult sacrilege religion coming line eminent jurists deep respect profession feeling veneration halo glory youthful eyes invested child brought diet virtuous precepts sense honor guiding light constant demands examples shown strict devotion duty rewarded mystic adherence sacred law irked unlikely crimes attributed colleagues sight member profession portrayed base servile tool hands power politics high finance held strong opinions inviolability bench point upbringing education set mind single narrow groove
dark turbid waters cove trunk white poplar leaves faintly rustled gentle breeze public prosecutor lay stretched grass rejoicing subdued warmth cloudless afternoon remoteness countryside sight fiancee mireille lying luncheon secluded spot thrown arms enchanting gesture graceful abandon laid head chest fallen asleep position prevented making slightest movement lovely tangle dark locks infinite compassion warm drowsy body demand public prosecutor felt urge move night mood today reason lying basking happiness moment content analyze basic origins fortune banks shady cove gloried delight succeeded profession living charming part country adored loveliest girl provence thoughts meeting mireille prosaic circumstances brought smile lips shortly arrival bergerane set reorganizing department increase efficiency staff inquired secretary
late night peace jean berthier hard assembled material vauban case including precious voluminous memorandum put additional notes public prosecutor department charge sheet drafted de recently forwarded documents liking line found hypocritical systematic falsification facts designed show accused responsible actions intervention knew purpose supplementary investigation decided dismiss thing mind case due heard days putting finishing touches address prosecution written full list main points phrases considered essential paced room reciting sentence loud test resonance punch words sunday morning guillaume vauban solange grenier left hamlet dawns separately met agreed vessegue road outlining facts presented difficulty knew heart longer slightest ambiguity slightest problem evidence required crime proved avowed admitted
rhone conveniently close finish grisly task engulf wretched victim sinister swirling undertows knows planned advance aware level river exceptionally high current extremely strong hoping corpse dragged downstream discovered months lifts poor body shoulders pitches gentlemen standing front jury pale face vibrant voice frozen position complete immobility added effect eloquence public prosecutor coming end address excelled appeared accomplished persuasive spell court concurred unanimously word uttered efforts extract full significance smallest detail eagerness bring light true mental condition murderer zeal fervor spoke gradually imbued court atmosphere religious solemnity beginning effect course address felt deeply sincerely moved profound horror crime burning desire vengeance engraved features inspiring directly appealing eloquence packed small courtroom small hold public completely enthralled quivered emotion warm autumnal light streamed large windows
difficult franz werfel expelled nazis professorship prussian academy art liberal views jewish descent living exile countries europe outbreak war ii france earned living writer gained international reputation novelist poet playwright german invasion conquest france werfel run help friends including group catholic monks lourdes wife managed elude nazis united states settled undoubtedly experiences contributed werfel conception jacobowsky colonel play fleeing nazis france wrote soon werfel characterization jacobowsky jewish merchant step ahead pursuers werfel jacobowsky wit learning patient resourceful result fending alien lands perfect dramatic foil romantic aristocratic colonel play flight nazis reluctantly throws lot jacobowsky werfel subtitled play comedy tragedy tragedy course scourge hitlerism europe comedy relationship
pushed nose lips pane tried lick raindrop sliding side slid past eyes saw colors raindrop warm warm dry sun shining green trees grass brightness sun inside raindrop misery cold damp room place warmth sunshine inside raindrop lee sound jerked raindrop window looking feeling damp lee sensed sound identified turned looked tall thin dark big head wide forehead face tapered narrow chin eyes big round hooded softness leaned chair legs stretched front crossed left held hand fire center room left played hair girl sat floor chair knew seeing stranger belonged naturally intimately
wednesday crackling children location trek elsburg siding squares pig rind passed daily meat collected double lot cow dung double lot moeroga finished breakfast washed aunt liza washtub yard misty sickly sun showing open veld frost lay thick white grass ready aunt liza called shook soapsuds swollen hands wiped apron lifted apron put hand slits thin cotton dresses wore dress nearest skin pocket pulled sixpenny piece tied knot corner bit colored cloth handed care smaller piece bread bin don eat till start small piece crackling small piece understand yes aunt liza bread tucked canvas bag carry crackling aunt liza trotted hand pocket feeling cloth money paused andries home andries danced waited
summer afternoons river andries children climbed short willows drooping branches touch willow cheek feeling cool wonder jumped stone stone broad bed shallow clear fast flowing river found pools idle water walled stones flow tickled tailed tadpoles sun water touched bodies myriad colors watched springhaas wild rabbit veld leaping land faster eye follow lay green grass bank river looked distant sky watching thin fleecy white clouds form re form trying associate shapes things knew loved river special explored river going farther stream extending frontiers going farther downstream boy bank side saw stared completely naked
mad smithy fist fight boss wylie stalked storming place months orders big rush order wylie losing money months fed machinists solderer sacked spot rest worked feverishly goaded panic jobs scarce nearly vrededorp home lucky boeta dick worked till sweat rolled eyes turned bright pink grew short breath opened mouth panted audibly wet rag lap sucked spat bucket spittle bright pink panic touched ran machines brought smeared huge stack tins squatted soldered smithy nondi unaffected panic possessed casually mumbling boss grew angry shouted shut hurry mad dog nondi flung head mad look eyes flung arm spoke top voice dog yes dog fear fears fears dogs fears truth
smithy cleaned wylie car lunch hour gave shilling end week boeta dick raised wage shillings home shillings saturday afternoon half sum paid food took shilling pocket money shilling aunt mattie put borrowed savings asked returned hoard mattress lunch cleaned car wylie sandwiches desk drove office short sighted jewish girl worked corner eating lunch reading looked wylie pointed took package turned door lee stopped turned yes missus miss missus say missus married woman smile encouraged say white women wrong say miss yes miss tell going eleven miss don school don miss don want don miss read write miss stop saying miss
attended school regularly learned read write lamb tales shakespeare favorite reading matter stole finding golden treasury books everyman edition john keats proudest dearest possessions greatest wealth fed familiar craving hunger awaits sensitive young poor moment awareness comes bards passion mirth ye left souls earth ye souls heaven double lived regions shakespeare poetry born dreams desires consciousness born desired terms standards set books lived worlds vrededorp books equally real potent force compelling heart mind turmoil victory bring peace home run course loff paid deposit plot land colored town albertville built room catherine baby moved building room kitchen help weekends saw brother harry streets vrededorp saw enna boy rarely room
ten clock blockade line drawn nineteen ships united states fleet commander vice admiral alfred gustave ward took stations area extending miles sea cape maysi cuba easternmost tip line drawn days earlier pair dividers chart caribbean selling navy hydrographic office setting radius miles navy planners purposes mind line ships operating range mig fighters based cuba distance cuban ports allow plenty washington decide ship boarded searched admiral ward known annapolis classmates corky assumed fleet command january chief naval operations admiral anderson decided wait october vice admiral william smedberg iii chief bureau personnel ward received orders turn amphibious forces atlantic fleet command immediately vice admiral horacio rivero smedberg offered ward explanation admiral anderson wanted board fleet flagship newport news happen change command ceremony took place norfolk virginia saturday morning october naval traditions observed principal speaker admiral robert dennison commander chief atlantic forces
question lippmann wrote supposing shooting conflict sea believe diplomacy abdicate ways rid missiles cuba invade occupy cuba institute total blockade oil shipments months ruin cuban economy try repeat try negotiate face saving agreement hasten say talking believe cuba berlin horse trade cuba berlin wholly cases berlin american missile base base kind offensive cuba place truly comparable cuba turkey place strategic weapons frontier soviet union important similarity cuba turkey soviet missile base cuba nato base turkey military soviet military base cuba defenseless base turkey obsolete bases dismantled altering balance power president certainly read lippmann face saving proposal washington post soviet ambassador reason think dobrynin saw trial balloon floated white house
precisely clock morning united states destroyer joseph kennedy jr hailed freighter marucla ran international flag hoist oscar november seafaring flag means heave stop marucla hove american built liberty ship panamanian owned lebanese registry bound cuba soviet charter baltic port riga marucla sighted thursday united states destroyer john pierce soon midnight kennedy joined pierce patrol instructions stop board marucla light rest night destroyers trailed marucla distance miles waiting dawn talked marucla skipper radio willing cooperate encounter took place open sea miles northeast nassau planned meticulous care president kennedy acting llewellyn thompson advice gained gratuitous affront khrushchev president issued detailed instructions boarding search operation cuban quarantine carried dry cargo ship neutral registry sailing soviet charter marucla admirably served president purpose wanted khrushchev united states navy exercising claimed quarantine proclamation stop search vessels bound cuba regardless national registry
high wailing song carried gentle wind crowded houses pressed thick dark trees flowed shrill thin george washington carver street broke sharp corners melted twilight began boy head intent placing dark feet clear areas sidewalk lost netted cracks song walking jesus sounded slurred sad half light honeysuckle crowding fence sidewalk air heavy sweetness tendril hung grabbed pulled leaves flowers stuttered vine swinging naked looked tight bouquet fingers let flutter street side house painted giant woman foot smile blonde hair holding giant bottle drink coca cola smiled don want nice coca cola paint curled peeled indistinct mouthed words slowly coca cola boy smooth silence shattered shrill cry head flicked jerked breath antique woman clinging banister leaned forward stared mrs jackson remembrances seclusion age slanted mind boy minute
opened eyes sun coming venetian blinds dazzled momentarily champion won night terrible load lifted carrying weight bear finally able put remembered terrible anguish shame beaten remembered darkness rooms sat silence allowed press questions deliberately avoided answering jumped bed papers floor side picked began thumbing thing struck picture sister eva holding face hands weeping sandra wife pulled blinds looked street twenty floors sun shone brightly told walk feel warmth sun later walk attorney friend julius november asked knows walk generally close friend quiet neighborhood
danny bounding stairs racing form fresh haircut half pint bourbon los weeks bicycled boston looked missed couple bets wealthy week job washing dishes chain restaurant acquired capital haircut gift bourbon danny restless cousin wanderer college days worked odd jobs reach racetrack drifted turning months later job felt walls respectability closing disappear call early thirties lean face clay colored wind rain walked miles place found later blown dime carfare bottle brought living harriett asked danny found money phone nickels thing office building lot public phones check coin return slots coffee money pick eating money supermarkets women sack groceries stuffing change purse fumbling car keys generally spill
boys lounging side danny car drive girls sitting inside male talk cars suddenly ricco slim dark boy smiled thinly danny chicken drag asked danny smiled nervousness smile chicken car bother big talk ricco smiling kids felt tenseness air girls stopped talking watching boys chicken ricco asked sharp challenge voice danny quietly chicken okay danny hesitated glanced florence girl suddenly appeared frightened shook head danny shrugged shoulders managed tight grin nodded mill highway twenty mile stretch highway mill favorite drag racing light traffic occasional trucks going mill night highway deserted seldom patrol car drive included straight stretch curves hills hair raising half mile edge hundred foot deep canyon highway located car end racing strip top hill seen starting point
contests gave career lift change routine engagements philadelphia run philharmonic society organization selected soloist competition recall deal competed room building mind eye judges sat visible contestants remember sang end received certificate winner recall competitors newspapers published reports contest winner negro prize turn caused group curious capacities sang hall church white audience hoped career confined singing group limited circuit occasion represented progress later bigger affair york held lewisohn stadium concerts teacher boghetti offered enter informing york compete agreed entered pupil reba patton soprano took special pains prepare
towheaded kid fresh bandage eye white soiled tear stained face stopped crying occasionally mother pulled close gave dry heaving sob bernie hill globe news thought question sergeant paul mitchell confirmed guess tommy mrs doyle months ago let dog runnin loose tellin kids bit mitchell note bernie watching lean face thought professions cop require patience find dog mrs doyle hope shoot idea lettin beast run loose gonna pay doctor bill huh yes ma bernie hid grin classic flatness detective voice tommy mitchell quietly tell dog dirty white white spots boy lips quivered white black spot face maybe big dark eyes grew huge remembering snarled tried stick bit boy turned face mother bosom began whimpering glared mitchell let tommy detective persisted tease stick
memories christmas center kansas center christmas trees candles cotton snow potbellied stoves mixed early memories stove christmas trees stood corner potbellied stove account cotton snow careful stove candles tree stove red hot candles fell cotton snow catch fire idea snow catching fire intrigues early love excitement hoped snow catch fire poor children santa claus seldom lives expectation remember finding christmas morning things asked santa claus bring find hoped gifts surprise happiness lacking big presents tree hope missing bb gun desired cowboy suit drowned toe hanging stocking searched stockings oranges nuts hard candies certainly santa claus air rifle stocking christmas presents strange christmas american child
elephant decided reveal whereabouts elephants graveyard tell secret named william michael ryan american society prevention cruelty animals big blue eyed white haired deft pair hands smile looks feet wide ryan knows pretty making friends animals special blessing irish gift ryan aspca special agent fifty longest served continuously society founding aspca headquarters york city organization seventeen uniformed agents ryan coped half million beasts birds reptiles trouble getting matter death animals ryan ago horse drawn vehicles common manhattan deliveryman horse bolted knew exactly frightened animal place horse felt cover galloping street kicking wagon pieces matchbox breaking loose harness horse found sanctuary stairwell brownstone houses police called ryan scene ingenuity involved simply leading horse
jo diary didn show months later making notations rehearsal club parlor secret diary romantic sort journal girls cultivate fitted scented paper lock key hidden dresser drawer jo diary unlocked frilly embellishments plain ledger appointment calendar page imprinted date marked quarter hours volume jo entered maidenly confessions aspirations confined facts breakfast singing lesson studied rigoletto bed written diary weeks met entries arthur club took walk pages later took walk arthur violin violin watery eyed beggar encountered central park evening sawing fiddle jo stopped give dollar searches easy marks told fifty bank accounts think don think answered june diary arthur club took walk june walk arthur things summer
morning making payroll small circus pulling stakes ready roll town bent books writing paying maybe hear door open looked lanky fellow standing door shut tight looked door looked thin face narrow moustache black hair head sort wild sticking spots brown eyes funny twisted sort mouth white teeth showing moment mullins asked yes moon mullins lot fellows jokingly call anthony mullins real attempt sound admit busy won softly walked desk smooth sideward step greased ball bearings matter busy sam angeli pleased meet angeli told anthony mullins sorry running quickly
lion tamer profession brought joy brought times close danger remains wild beast matter training savage spirit broken found true experience worked kinds animals siberian tigers black leopards bengal tigers polar bears black lions bears himalaya animals trained select single say animal tame savage spirit remains waiting chance unconquerable spirit animals provided greatest joys greatest dangers despite tensions professional trade joys dangers strange remember thirty set foot inside lion cage known lived circus sixteen wielded chair whip cage toured europe united states acrobat performer horizontal bars traveled circuses marseilles birthplace copenhagen madrid cuba
july los pick fruits summer hills hanford lived tents early gray morning cold ate outdoors fire getting tents talking calling cooking beans stand feet morning night gee tired fruits dream sleep walk breathe talk apricots yellow big soft pick em dump em squash em peel em cut em count em apricots pick peel buckets trays eat smell apricots apricots pennies silver dollars pick lots money fruits war carnival rich money boss ranch tell boss paid checks working kids paid father mother brother gots hundred dollars working weeks believe saw check told mother fooling
ago coming home night flight saw sullen ember distant forest fire hills felt small twist anguish knew memory injustice grandfather big brother paul ago october children wives husbands children end telling grandfather stories marveling strange wild raised mother acting referee parent judge mad times think full wisdom explained paul laugh fire strange october hot dry sun rising setting weird mist creek ran nearly dry lugged water growing things worried remember littlest tom nan bunny volunteered give washing effort save water denied woodlands began half dozen miles north farm dozens fires winds smell stink burning forest strange dirty stench frightening paul fifteen twelve thoughtless stupid thing creek
thursday morning class grip excitement expectancy recess stood classroom whispering groups fell silent approached read special significance lessons proceeded heavily afternoon gym usual period equipment neatly arranged cleared dining hall vaulting horse buck jumping standards medicine balls boards pairs boxing gloves slung laces vaulting horse boys exception barefoot wearing blue shorts sapiano sat low bench arm bandaged elbow wrist line center began eagerly obeyed forming neatly graded lines denham stepped forward sir yes denham boxing today sir denham sir feel bit change sir replied pairs according size pairing completed moment planned denham remained unpaired partner crippled sir bandaged sapiano cue moved quietly watchful listening wait bout potter pieces falling place penny finally fatefully dropped
emil started walk sleep thought odd walk room apparently deep sleep eyes wide open taking toys belonged found interest longer centered sleepwalking places hid things collected denying emil center attention family won say parents quarreled emil strong expression certainly stronger terms usual argued emil inherited tendency mother father side family wanted claim distinction children impression sleepwalking illness measles cold sign intelligence opinion emil changed unimaginative brother gradually subject unlike cult night put legs bed walk midnight crept wake sisters miss performance part childhood taught sleep lightly needed hear emil bed creak instantly fully awake oscar acquired ability sunday evening father plenty concentrate family shown emil special attention noticed oscar looking depressed
glancing notes seventy odd cases studied methods friend sherlock holmes find presented singular features known family roylotts stoke moran events question occurred early days association holmes sharing rooms bachelors baker street early april woke morning find sherlock holmes standing fully dressed side bed late riser rule clock showed quarter past blinked surprise resentment regular habits sorry rouse watson fire asked client young lady arrived considerable excitement insists seeing waiting sitting room young ladies wander metropolis hour morning presume pressing communicate prove interesting case sure wish follow outset thought rate give chance
thousand injuries fortunato borne ventured insult vowed revenge nature soul suppose gave utterance threat length avenged point definitively settled definitiveness resolved precluded idea risk punish punish impunity wrong unredressed retribution overtakes redresser equally unredressed avenger fails felt wrong understood word deed fortunato doubt continued wont smile face perceive smile thought immolation weak point fortunato regards respected feared prided connoisseurship wine italians true virtuoso spirit part enthusiasm adopted suit opportunity practice imposture british austrian millionaires painting gemmary fortunato countrymen quack matter wines sincere respect differ materially skillful italian vintages bought largely
born summer morning shady mouth cave born male females inches slimmer lead pencil mother left hours born brother sisters left cared lived died tiny brain dull arms legs skin delicate nearly walked ground burrowed flew air swam water climbed trees enemy didn knew aware existence sum knowledge direct rays sun short kill temperature dropped low freeze food starve moisture die dehydration horse stepped crushed chased run fast hour birth modifications drawbacks qualifications fitted competitive creature equipped warfare exist food water
desolate illinois winter kaskaskia huddled gray riverbank cold gray sky farmhouses cornstalks rattled wind pastures gray orchards bare rocking clark stared blockhouse thin curtain snow blurred eastern plain weeks passed word spies prairie paced puncheon floor stood porthole narrowed eyes bleak frozen miles banks wabash wait wonder fate captain helm small garrison loyalty french citizens vincennes strength british fort indians camped commons gray days kaskaskia besieged winter worry hamilton marching desolate land commander wait blow fall ready parry absorb clark set iron roads cahokia protect defenseless town instruct french habitants conduct siege capture party moved briskly mounted shaggy ponies bouncing wheeled carts reached cahokia twelve miles hoofbeats drummed fort chartres road tattered cornfields wheat stubble powdered snow chilling dusk reached village prairie du
jacques andre istel twenty french american princeton education distinguished family background banking international finance nation leading parachutist scarcely say istel parachute movement united states united states team captain trainer organizer international meets lately entering growing success sidekick lewis sanborn carpenter looks stepped harvard yard led scoring istel naturalized citizen perpetually gnawing sense obligation adopted land wishes pay debt seeing adults eighty parachute airplanes times daily alarming goal progressing jumping astonishing celerity number ago took dozing organization called national parachute jumpers kind amateur sports group minus thirty members thirty members let dues lapse converted parachute club america non profit organization paid fervent membership hundred fifty addition urged naked force bristling personality forty sports parachute clubs centers ivy league colleges west point nervous inroads thinking military small feat late general billy mitchell present admiral hyman rickover lieutenant general james gavin happy affirm
important remember teacher anne mansfield sullivan filled wonder consider immeasurable contrast lives connects march months afternoon eventful stood porch dumb expectant guessed vaguely mother signs hurrying fro house unusual happen door waited steps afternoon sun penetrated mass honeysuckle covered porch fell upturned face fingers lingered unconsciously familiar leaves blossoms greet sweet southern spring future held marvel surprise anger bitterness preyed continually weeks deep languor succeeded passionate struggle sea dense fog tangible white darkness shut ship tense anxious groped shore plummet sounding line waited beating heart happen ship education began compass sounding line knowing harbor
history record human beings earth definition true english scholar edward hallet carr history unending dialogue present past carr saying history conversation live lived hundreds thousands ago touch past examining fossils records past records stone tools primitive left bones decayed ruins stone monuments withstood passage written records laws diaries business records memoirs written document including history notebook historical record history record incomplete records lost destroyed deliberately changed truth known history bunk lies agreed accept views recognize history unending search find facts interpret wrong interpret past eyes present dialogue carr wrote party invited visit friend house social event things
bible tells born garden eden lived peace plenty garden eden historians believe garden eden located area called fertile crescent fertile crescent area stretched valleys tigris euphrates rivers coast mediterranean sea egypt waters rivers irrigation farming extremely dry land rivers served routes transportation communication rivers number ancient civilizations born lived died period glory left lasting influence ancient civilizations born river valleys nile river valley cradled egyptian civilization early settlers liked part fertile crescent located tigris euphrates rivers region called mesopotamia history rise fall empires early called sumerians lived small independent cities knew wheel tools weapons copper gold silver strong king unite result cities war wars weakened sumerians later conquered rivals sargan conquered sumerians
italy boot shaped peninsula extending central mediterranean sea mountainous country natural resources provided geographic setting strong nation grow half peninsula sea hills banks river tiber built city rome greeks building city states primitive italian tribes built farm communities tribes latins united living hills form tiny city rome uniting hoped protect etruscans north samnites south settlers rome able advantage geographic position powerful nation living higher ground easily defend attack located center italy romans masters peninsula situated fertile latin plain grew crops feed early romans lived coast found easy expand mediterranean region favorable geography rome extend rule large parts call europe africa middle east according ancient stories rome founded romulus remus children ancient gods cast adrift jealous uncle sought power
church separate america today church government worked hand hand directing lives church government things medieval days thought cooperative today religions ways worship medieval europe god pray god roman catholic church medieval believed god answers problems believed god took active part expressed opinions problems god cured sick brought rain caused earthquakes lightning ways god power goodness known religious matters roman catholic church teachings heaven failed lead lives endless misery order sure going heaven observe religious rules teachings including church attendance prayer fasting confession rules dominated lives noble serf alike birth death age looking meaning short hard power church punish extremely sinful act heresy holding beliefs church church excommunicated cut heretics services church
word renaissance defined rebirth word suggest early middle ages learning died reborn centuries true early middle ages important cultural progress middle ages learning dead true centuries awakened interest books past read interest experiments tried writing painting science invention bold modern sense longer satisfied living conditions knew things worked early medieval spoke wrote latin write read renaissance books written everyday speech simplified form latin took special forms depending spoken special forms known romance languages differed country country form basis french spanish italian languages everyday language known vernacular native language region italian renaissance books written vernacular pure latin divine comedy dante written italian story poem tells imaginary trip
ancient greece loyal city nation days alexander julius caesar ruler dream empire middle ages catholic church encouraged idea community leadership idea national opposed city imperial appealed monarchs later middle ages means obtaining keeping power middle ages monarchs weaker lords served vassals towns commerce grew middle class developed monarchs able give middle class special privileges rights exchange money money monarchs rich let pay army longer ask feudal lords help fighting wars soon monarchs help towns middle class able upper hand growth nations underway monarchs strong unify control large numbers vassals national languages developed national states grew english french spanish portuguese languages encouraged spoke tongue stick common language provided bond geography played part growth nations rivers oceans mountains brought separated
africa called dark continent known ignorance africa widespread unfortunately remains students history ignore africa peril thing africans teaching learning country happens york chicago dallas san francisco makes news africa asians europeans latin americans familiar african culture history americans emerging nations africa hold balance war peace learning government art independence infant nations prey powers africa battleground east west communist non communist battle power influence africa battles congo lead war countries africa members united nations united nations form largest single bloc group nations vote group powerful force united nations members african nations vote general assembly effectiveness united nations depends large measure nations vote wisely remain ignorant africa parents tax dollar goes africa form foreign aid
earlier chapters saw feudalism breaking parts europe mistake think feudalism toppled house cards feudal customs practices disappeared quickly countries slowly complete disappearance took days lived country city country meant feudal manor noble ruled century society largely divided nobles peasants earlier days nobles gained wealth privileges fighting king queen country wealth privilege rewards service century feudal lords longer needed monarchs armies longer rely services vassals result nobles lands privileges fighting reason armies spent hunting managing serfs farmlands looking favors monarch lived royal court served courtiers king queen added glamour palace left active supervision lands managers collected rents looked peasants affairs later managers important friction nobles peasants
charles spain examples absolute monarch europe held lands ruler charlemagne titles cover space page member hapsburg family charles spain charles holy roman empire king netherlands king part italy ruler spain lands overseas describe titles book combination luck skill responsible success charles inherited land power grandparents ferdinand isabella powerful hapsburg family ruled austria played important role affairs europe play role keeping center european stage easy thing charles powerful kings henry viii england francis france wanted share stage shakespeare uneasy lies head wears crown certainly charles monarchs uneasy times war charles francis avoided wanted gain upper hand europe francis country surrounded lands owned charles war kings constant francis died fighting end tired charles gave retired monastery
ancient times hard physical labor aid slaves later middle ages physical small shops direction craft guilds feudal manors supervision overlord discovery wealth grew commerce increased greater demand goods increased demand goods merchants began seek ways produce manufactured products large amounts money bought raw materials gave workers hired finished products homes domestic system arrangement called workers owned simple machines spinning wheel hand operated loom manufactured cloth yarn domestic system longer meet demand manufactured goods invent faster methods production necessity producing manufactured goods large scale prompted invention machines driven sources power domestic system inventions machines expensive owned worker big home operation power driven machines call skill large numbers unskilled workers housed large buildings called factories change domestic system factory system effects called industrial revolution
machine carry place britain ago number shocking undemocratic practices parliament houses house commons house lords membership house commons decided election membership house lords determined birth house democratic handful rich powerful ran government saw fit order vote amount property didn property vote order serve parliament rich members parliament paid members anglican church serve parliament high government service closed catholics jews secret ballot afraid express choices especially depended factory owner landowner living elections show real representation wants addition representation house commons changed representation based voting districts called boroughs number representatives borough remained population increased decreased coming industrial revolution growth cities leeds manchester represented members house commons
population began rise rapidly increase thing centuries passed medical advances helped live longer europe asia growth law order death violence civil war frequent especially europe africa tribal wars encouraged demands slave trade held population growth continent addition agricultural revolution growth food result english able cut famine india dutch able java europe eat ate food expectancy increased death rate fell birth rate continued high rapid growth population especially characteristic europe partially european civilization began dominate early centuries say europe population greater continent rapid growth enabled pace numbers continents population europe grew death rate declined grow increase birth rate fact birth rate europe began fall
oldest country middle east egypt powerful arab egypt president gamal abdel nasser nasser power result leadership successful overthrow king farouk nasser remained power death president nasser steadfast loyalty support nasser tried ruler arab lands sought unite egypt jordan lebanon iraq saudia arabia leadership succeeded area half size united states controlled lives nearly million september nasser died suddenly heart attack office vice president comrade revolution anwar sadat sadat sought exercise leadership raising living standards seeking peace middle east sadat partially successful importance middle east europe lies chiefly oil oil region europe depends fuel lubrication factories homes motor cars middle east vital location crossroads continents asia europe africa iran afghanistan share common borders soviet union important straits dardanelles channel shipping black sea area mediterranean sea
wise begin examination east today china china largest country east east populous communist government controls nation determined dominate land east communists defeated chiang communists tried regain strength southeastern china routed chiang later southeastern china danger communists march north traveling hundred miles avoid chiang armies communists north china shensi province north china stronghold learned ways communism ready days thought coming ready power fall grasp asked soviet union help communists russia advised communists china chinese communists proved learned lessons north china chinese communists taught read write understand meaning methods communism ideas spread wide prepared communist victory grew stronger chinese communists bolder learn ways communism threatened obey commands communism put death
read atomic bombs destroyed japanese cities hiroshima nagasaki bombs force twenty thousand tons ordinary explosives scientists soldiers politicians development theory albert einstein theoretical physicist laid foundation atomic science einstein object changed energy energy greater seen einstein peace america adopted country danger war ii wrote letter president roosevelt telling possibilities atomic energy atomic bombs president took action scientific research hurried atomic bomb created atomic bomb considerably shortened war ii study atomic bomb development atomic energy peaceful purposes atomic energy destroyed japanese cities ways medical treatment fuel place coal oil natural gas run factories heat homes light cities drive ships single pound atomic fuel heat homes tons coal united states atomic powered submarines nautilus seawolf skate triton traveled fast underwater
greek roman mythology generally supposed show human race thought felt untold ages ago according view retrace path civilized lives nature lived close companionship nature real interest myths lead young connection earth trees seas flowers hills unlike feel stories shaped understand distinction real unreal imagination vividly alive checked reason woods trees fleeing nymph bending clear pool drink behold depths face prospect traveling delightful things held nearly writer touches classical mythology poets infinitely remote primitive sight proteus rising sea hear triton blow wreathed horn moment catch myths glimpse strangely beautifully animated consideration ways uncivilized peoples ages prick romantic bubble
titans called elder gods untold ages supreme universe enormous size incredible strength stories mythology important cronus latin saturn ruled titans son zeus dethroned seized power romans jupiter zeus ascended throne saturn fled italy brought golden age perfect peace happiness lasted reigned notable titans ocean river supposed encircle earth wife tethys hyperion father sun moon dawn mnemosyne means memory themis translated justice iapetus important sons atlas bore shoulders prometheus savior mankind older gods banished coming zeus took lower place twelve olympians supreme gods succeeded titans called olympians olympus home olympus easy say doubt held mountain top generally identified greece highest mountain mt olympus thessaly northeast greece earliest greek poem iliad idea beginning give idea olympus mysterious region mountains earth
hera juno zeus wife sister titans ocean tethys brought protector marriage married women peculiar care attractive portrait poets draw called early poem golden throned hera immortals queen chief beauty glorious lady blessed high olympus revere honor zeus lord thunder account details shows chiefly engaged punishing women zeus fell love yielded coerced tricked difference hera reluctant innocent goddess treated alike implacable anger children forgot injury trojan war ended honorable peace leaving sides unconquered hatred trojan judged goddess lovelier wrong slighted beauty remained troy fell ruins important story quest golden fleece gracious protector heroes inspirer heroic deeds venerated home goddess married women turned help ilithyia eileithyia helped women childbirth daughter
words milton express precision greeks thought lay beginning things gods appeared dim past uncounted ages ago formless confusion chaos brooded unbroken darkness tried explain children born shapeless nothingness night child chaos erebus unfathomable depth death dwells universe black empty silent endless marvel marvels pass mysterious horror blank boundless vacancy things playwright comic poet aristophanes describes coming words quoted black winged night bosom erebus dark deep laid wind born egg seasons rolled sprang love longed shining wings gold darkness death love born birth order beauty began banish blind confusion love created light companion radiant took place creation earth tried explain happened coming love light natural earth poet hesiod greek tried explain things began wrote earth beautiful rose broad steadfast base things
stories creation story ages story prometheus epimetheus agree point certainly happy golden age earth women zeus created later anger prometheus caring prometheus stolen fire arranged part animal sacrificed gods worst cut ox wrapped eatable parts hide disguising piling entrails top heap put bones dressed cunning covered shining fat bade zeus choose zeus took white fat angry saw bones craftily tricked choice abide fat bones burned gods altars meat father gods put sort treatment swore revenged mankind mankind friend evil sweet lovely thing look likeness shy maiden gods gave gifts silvery raiment broidered veil wonder behold bright garlands blooming flowers crown gold beauty shone
days prometheus fire bound rocky peak caucasus strange visitor distracted fleeing creature clambering awkwardly cliffs crags lay looked heifer talked girl mad misery sight prometheus stopped short cried form storm beaten bound rock wrong punishment speak wretched wanderer tried wandering wandering found leave misery girl speaks horns head prometheus recognized knew story spoke girl inachus daughter io god heart hot love hera hates drives flight ends wonder checked io frenzy stood amazed spoken strange strange lonely place begged sufferer speak truth suffers answered prometheus gave mortals fire knew story succored race prometheus daring enduring talked freely told zeus treated told zeus reason princess happy girl changed beast starving beast frenzied runs clumsy leaps bounds
palace sun radiant place shone gold gleamed ivory sparkled jewels flashed glowed glittered high noon shadowy twilight dimmed brightness darkness night unknown mortals endured unchanging brilliancy light found thither youth mortal mother side dared approach pause clear dazzled eyes errand brought urgent purpose held fast pressed palace burnished doors throne room surrounded blinding blazing splendor sun god sat lad forced halt bear escapes eyes sun saw boy instantly looked kindly brought asked answered boldly find father mother boys school laugh tell son believe told mother ask smiling sun took crown burning light lad look distress phaethon son
ephyre city later called corinth glaucus king son sisyphus hades forever try roll stone uphill betrayed secret zeus glaucus drew displeasure heaven horseman fed horses human flesh fierce battle monstrous deeds angered gods served served thrown chariot horses tore pieces devoured city bold beautiful young named bellerophon generally held son rumored bellerophon mightier father poseidon ruler sea youth surpassing gifts spirit body account birth likely mother eurynome mortal taught athena wit wisdom peer gods expected scores bellerophon mortal divine adventures call peril hold deed known needed courage effort proved swear hoped power high give hand easy mastery
king acrisius argos child daughter danae beautiful women land small comfort king son journeyed delphi ask god hope father boy priestess told added worse daughter son kill sure escape fate king danae instantly put death taking chances seeing acrisius fatherly affection strong events proved fear gods visited terrible punishment shed blood kindred acrisius dare slay daughter house built bronze sunk underground part roof open sky light air shut guarded danae endured beautiful change glad daylight brass bound walls chamber secret grave lived prisoner zeus golden rain sat days hours clouds moving overhead mysterious thing happened shower gold fell sky filled chamber
hector dead achilles knew mother told death feat arms fighting ended forever prince memnon ethiopia son goddess dawn assistance troy large army hector greeks hard pressed lost gallant warrior including swift footed antilochus nestor son finally achilles killed memnon glorious combat greek hero battle fell scaean gates driven trojans wall troy paris shot arrow apollo guided struck foot spot wounded heel mother thetis born intended invulnerable dipping river styx careless water covered part foot holding died ajax carried body battle odysseus held trojans burned funeral pyre bones urn held friend patroclus arms marvelous arms thetis brought hephaestus caused death ajax decided full assembly heroes deserved ajax odysseus
victorious greek fleet put sea fall troy captain unknowing faced troubles black brought trojans athena poseidon greeks greatest allies gods troy fell changed bitterest enemies greeks mad victory night entered city forgot due gods voyage home terribly punished cassandra priam daughters prophetess apollo loved power foretell future later turned refused love gift divine favors bestowed revoked account believed told trojans happen listen declared greeks hidden wooden horse gave words thought fate disaster coming unable avert greeks sacked city athena temple clinging image goddess protection greeks found dared lay violent hands ajax ajax course dead lesser chieftain tore altar dragged sanctuary
anthropologist studied north american african communities especially interested called nacirema according stories myths nacirema ancestors east hero named notgnihsaw founded nation hero famous strength thrown piece wampum river po mac adventure notgnihsaw supposed chopped cherry tree nacirema tree home spirit truth anthropologist decided concerned mouths believe health mouth affects practice ceremonies rituals mouth believe teeth fall gums bleed jaws shrink friends desert lovers reject rituals nacirema stick small bundle bristles spread magical paste mouths carefully move small bundle teeth gums practicing mouth rites home nacirema holy mouth times wicked looking tools magical materials help rid evils mouth nacirema faithfully continue visits holy mouth evils grow teeth led anthropologist believe ritual holy
tahiti formed hundreds thousands ago volcanoes erupted floor pacific ocean joined isthmus narrow section land result island shaped number larger section called tahiti tahiti smaller tahiti tahiti island located part call polynesia comes greek words meaning islands hawaii part polynesia zealand centuries animals lived island polynesia thousand ago began move islands gradually settled island area humans live settle islands find drinking water look map pacific ocean notice polynesia including tahiti major body land islands legends folktales provide clues polynesian stories describe difficult journeys ocean tell high winds rough seas severe storms dangers faced sea stories seafaring suggest settled polynesia travel distances legends folktales place facts want find definite earliest home polynesians
tahiti king ruler island divided districts chief family part small group nobles beneath group similar europe divided nobles beneath nobles called arii chief district belonged group members dressed special clothing tahitians wear occasions allowed wear feathered capes fancy feathered headdresses chief tahitian wear belt red feathers sign high position arii wear belt chief appeared citizens district stripped waist sign respect ground chief walked tahitians carried shoulders lands matter sacred chief district considered holy tahiti chiefs highly respected districts thought positions believed close gods chiefs special power territory position chief inherited
scattered deserts southwest asia north africa small farming villages towns centers trade learning located oases river valleys banks mediterranean sea percent region live settlements rest choose wander desert herders farmers townspeople arabs nomads arabian peninsula known today arabic speaking southwest asia north africa consider arabs arabs live tigris nile rivers map page ways living area changed slowly traditional society means arabs especially nomads live ancestors customs beliefs passed generation recent discussed chapter black tent home deserts southwest asia north africa called bedouin learned survive lands average rainfall ten inches summer temperatures degrees common easy takes skill stay alive bedouin think true arabs call bedouin want emphasize free
cut beautiful shade trees room cars dumb thing students high school hinton west virginia felt heard city officials planning students belonged school ecology club strong concern beauty city trees city officials announced plans cut giant trees shaded main street hinton explained streets narrow hold traffic city cut trees add lane street parking cars easier shop town business students agreed parking problem strongly opposed solving problem cutting trees felt beautiful trees important part hinton save students hinton high school thought fight city hall felt government officials decided students change minds students money power city government feel part city political system members ecology club want give trying
march months president lyndon johnson congress propose sweeping program social legislation called war poverty passage adapted part speech notice appealed reason idealism legislators citizens richest fortunate nation history hundred eighty ago small country struggling survival margin hostile land today established civilization freemen spans entire continent path forward easy lost sight goal america citizen shares opportunities society goal millions americans shared abundance granted gates opportunity closed young woman grows decent education broken home hostile squalid environment ill health face racial injustice young woman trapped poverty war poverty struggle simply support dependent generosity
occupations politician special problems especially hard politician america stimson bullitt democratic politician washington talked daily problems book called politician passage adapted book describes unsuccessful efforts win election congress candidate stand supermarket parking lots factory gates walk citizens person stimson bullitt candidate congress glad meet held hand belt buckle waited raise hand let gave folder person wall indifference suspicion broken worst thought panhandler pickpocket salesman politician comes responses hostile indifferent suspicious friendly enthusiastic encouraging turned ill suppose read bad things papers refused touch told democrat changed attitude shook hands warmth look face
rarely american politics person political experience risen national fame quickly wendell willkie willkie lawyer businessman ran republican presidential nomination run public office early registered republican democrat late turned democratic president franklin roosevelt disliked domestic policies deal began write speak caught attention leading editors influential persuaded willkie run thought chance winning party nomination book ran irving stone tells happened republican convention passage adapted book republican convention opened philadelphia late june senator robert taft ohio leading field candidates willkie shattered idea form going philadelphia wanted sure convention nominated delegates pledged candidates cheered walked street entered hotel lobby crowd gathered hear discuss issues willkie shook hands kidded friends hosts strangers met question hostility open warm smile saying look boys indiana farmer
street dark dr margaret marshall stepped door indianapolis teenage purse snatcher waiting hit dr marshall head heavy grabbed purse died injuries muggings especially muggings older women big cities mugging led action dr marshall retired psychologist teacher highly respected city death set telephones ringing indianapolis known admired called ask presidents women groups demanded indianapolis news run series articles crime paper associate publisher eugene pulliam idea women city offered loan staff member help set anticrime program march representatives women groups met margaret moore news staff map plan plan grew anticrime crusade going strong later involved thousands volunteers eventually dent rising crime rate indianapolis crime crusade shows citizens don expect instant results change community let follow early steps crusade lessons offers citizens places trying solve problem
barbara dawson driving daughter home swimming lesson ago car collided head daughter hurt mrs dawson eyeglasses shattered glass splinters eyes totally blind national society prevention blindness trying laws passed eyeglasses society wanted government force manufacturers glass splinter accident mrs dawson telephone call member massachusetts legislature gregory khacadoorian told blinded broken eyeglass lenses introduced bill legislature force manufacturers shatterproof glass sunglasses eyeglasses nearly fourths eyeglass industry massachusetts massachusetts law reasoned states follow help support bill mrs dawson lobbyist mrs dawson contacted experts information worked society prevention blindness small pressure group mrs dawson tried think tell story lawmakers talked members staffs telephoned wrote letters society asked members thing mrs dawson speeches public interested
arthur schlesinger jr professor humanities city university york winner pulitzer prize history biography passage adapted short article wrote september york times called father schlesinger points president political leaders suggests healthy democracy blind faith leaders schlesinger acknowledges agree president kind national father authority final month senate foreign relations committee asked known pollsters american feel days foreign policy results encouraging specialists pollsters disagreed opinions agreed americans longer assume president knows readier argue government leaders international matters popular question government knows plainly founded recent hearings house representatives shown washington caught guard tet offensive january surprise regarded evidence intelligence agencies lazy incompetent providence blessed cia pentagon department white house gift seeing future
hot august hundred thousand stood nation monuments abraham lincoln george washington races washington parts united states demonstrate support civil rights laws ensure equal treatment america black citizens hundred end slavery black places trying americans took granted vote jobs equal skills decent homes chance education crowd stood quietly summer heat listening speeches platform steps lincoln memorial hours suddenly brought speaker lifted spirits power voice words say face difficulties today tomorrow dream dream nation rise live true meaning creed hold truths evident created equal voice dr martin luther king jr young black minister led fight equality alabama georgia later carry movement northern states dream children live nation judged color skin content character
dr robert muller director united nations office inter agency affairs coordination spoke group church leaders united nations frenchman dr muller hope peace partly based fact grandfather lived wars father lived wars dr muller lived war ii noted wars cold war passage adapted speech stand threshold greatest period human evolution filled opportunities dangers live isolation global conditions think act ahead begin manage affairs fashion account worldwide effects imposed discoveries remains planet develop protect resources benefit humankind deserts oceans atmosphere outer space relation sun depth earth biosphere human sphere arms race local conflict games alliances reluctance support international cooperation fashioned blemishes period change global age
jeane dixon small attractive woman bright smile warm friendly manner drive keeps going perpetual motion machine helps husband run large real estate agency washington specializes embassy properties mrs dixon trips washington visit toronto appeared television jeane dixon elaborated kennedy prediction told repeated prophecy greater greater detail tragedy week fatal dallas blurted friends dear god president going shot soon washington notables including retired conductor charles bentor navy band director john teeter damon runyon cancer fund widow admiral harley cope confirm mrs dixon warn president death told socialite kay halle exact date assassination november assassin letters mrs dixon told driven past white house days kennedy left trip texas draped black crepe sure omen disaster jeane dixon prophetic batting average
monday oct miss bertha huse left home enfield rest family risen took street called shaker bridge seen person bridge family learning absence instituted search greater part hunted woods lake shore vicinity search proving avail whitney mill owner enfield boston divers suitable outfit diver named sullivan worked part tuesday wednesday noon success lake wednesday evening nov mrs titus lebanon village half miles enfield dozing supper aroused attention husband seated noises extremely horrified countenance spoke failed answer shake arousing consciousness conscious thing disturb moment found body told husband behave peculiarly tonight cry greatly disturbed account awaken leave
chance telephone call abruptly precipated fascinating half banging trumpets supposed spirits diaphanous draperies drum beating indians conversations purported voices departed relatives sheer drama experience remains unexcelled believe explain logical reasoning read hundred books subject pro con pretend able sort fraudulent genuine joseph dunninger mentalist wrote intended expose seances added confusion stressing absolutely convinced mediums exposed sincere truly believe transporting messages dead sure experience mediums began dreary march despairing seeing sun husband bob decided fly washington st petersburg week end telephoned sister rhoda montgomery impendng arrival asked seance idea seance frankly preferred spend beach agreed provided days later meeting plane rhoda ruth father expecting
stepped bright sunlight darkness movie house things mind paul newman ride home wishing looked paul newman looks tough don guess looks bad light brown red hair greenish gray eyes wish gray hate guys green eyes content hair longer lot boys wear squared front sides greaser neighborhood rarely bothers haircut look hair walk home company lone anyway reason watch movies undisturbed live actors movie kind uncomfortable read book shoulder mean oldest brother soda sixteen going seventeen cracks book oldest brother call works hard interested story drawing picture gang digs movies books
evening fall mrs donald bant looking model newly arrived england received telephone call home scarborough middle class suburb toronto beautiful evening mrs bant cheerful voice mrs bant idea reading script sold story called evening ask help couple questions phone tell research division international health products introducing fabulous health maid electric servant entirely concept modern living revolutionary purpose kitchen machine public mrs bant conducting research program part educational program order show wonders tomorrow average canadian family nutrition health food mrs bant newcomer shores likelihood hung phone point found nodding agreement voice say interested nutrition health family mrs bant think interested nutrition health mrs bant arrange appointment wonderful saver qualify chance win fabulous electric servants
occasionally receive letters dissatisfied unpaid auto insurance claimants generate sufficient steam practically open letters generally standard scene confrontation sundown adjuster motorist fast draw insurance policy bang bang exclusions auto claim bites dust policy holder goes exclusion misfires letter received mrs scarboro interior car damaged water left window open rainstorm adjuster told policy covered rising water flood damage company liable adjuster school judges effectiveness number claims dollars saves company expert manipulation fine print case fine print appears section subsection comprehensive reads follows loss damage caused missiles falling flying objects fire theft explosion earthquake windstorm hail rising water malicious mischief riot civil commotion deemed loss damage caused perils insurance provided subsection yes jammed hail malicious mischief say rising water action adjuster impresses giant step nit picking re company claims managers referred case
citizen intervention police invaluable scene assistance law enforcement watchdog justice shown times case reports recent citizens involved absolutely going justify possibly meant intervention action flare dangerous costly proportions occurred denver incident september began heroic struggle rookie cop restore young heart apparently stopped result traffic accident officer succeeded ultimately mercy incident exploded seething street fight fourteen policemen civilians suffered injuries ranging cuts bruises tear gas inhalation happened quiet autumn evening frank vigil nineteen worker youth community center nearby neighborhood lost control car street center vehicle caromed parked curb violently vigil thrown driver seat landed unconscious pavement officer patrolman robert mosier weeks short completing full member denver force happened cruising nearby heard crash sped scene halting police car street raced aid stricken motorist
public frequently disadvantage trying judge situation involving police difficult impossible facts individual case background police forces operate operate lack communication police criticize public lack understanding operation public criticizes police manner responsibilities carried fault public police continues exist gap widen today friendly personal contact police public growth cities general urbanization areas forced policemen beat patrol cars offices days current police forces growing policemen acted defenders public investigating crime protecting citizens lives property today scene changed things part police responsibility today overshadowed conflict police public individual level personal contacts occur frequently involve traffic liquor offenses turn citizen policeman adversaries feeling personal antagonism aggravated manner news media dramatic conflict reader viewer interest
findings dr benjamin schlesinger professor social university toronto survey conducted young readers miss chatelaine clear today teen agers dream marriage unrealistically believe findings trend revealed studies north america britain girls thankfully resigning problems wise strong father figure sense humor tender heart kinds understanding bit older bit sophisticated bit educated creature comforts devotedly hover brow soothing home dust sweep polish leadership budgeting decision making child rearing devotedly accept princess wedding living happily longer jane smith mrs john doe happy changed wrote live rest days domesticated dr schlesinger findings miniessays want mate want marriage submitted young women attending lectures family church synagogue groups ywca ywha classes girls generally late teens early twenties generally middle class high school education employed taking vocational studies
january pueblo information gathering ship custody north korean forces crew maintained ship international waters north koreans accused espionage korean waters crew held captivity passages interviews crew members true magazine lieutenant carl schumacher schumacher thing saw barn window room nailed shut guards stretched curtain double panes wood slat floors dirty warped pictures walls thick radiator broken room freezing cold ice formed cup water table watt light bulb hanging ceiling guards night drove crazy hear sounded getting beaten door closed cracks guards peek half hour fling open door stomp punched kicked atrocity stories heard vivid detail interrogated solidly week wanting sign confession crimes ship mission
lying bed thinking nice things happened suddenly shattered loud voice prod neck horrible words say open eyes think lovely morning reckon throw bedclothes jump bed soon realize pull bedclothes try hide reality later rudely bedclothes ripped decide roll downstairs wash quick breakfast start crate couple swings fires jump driving seat bastard stops thing happens finally going half traffic hold wait queue nerves edge dragging furiously cigarette hanging mouth find place park car saunter begins usual greetings afternoon chaps half stumbling overalls sit bench start writing sheet calls daily liar
doubt coal dominant benton today demands coal increased southern illinois mines decline overworked veins depleted strip mining moved miners longer needed john lewis country late brother howard mayor benton economic death certainty family heads stay seeing hope hopelessness outsiders think understand mining offer sociologists careful studies herbert lantz coal town explanation motivates miners remains obscure miner daily routine helps understand morning dark benton miner wife awaken breakfast large arduous pit heaps eggs bacon ham biscuits pancakes potatoes greasy fried bacon grease breakfast finished sunlight soon miner ride drive miles car pool arrangement suburbia miner takes lunch dull looking rectangular shaped box oval lid color black inside thermos bottle filled hot coffee alongside sandwiches cookies orange grapes banana eat lunch called dinner evening meal supper
cars high horsepower ratings fine racetrack criminal public roads dr haddon referring packages pontiac gto plymouth road runner ford torino cobra muscle cars super cars factory hotrods called accounted sales due advertising techniques image sold expense buying public don safe transportation thrills highways dr haddon insurance losses substantially higher muscle cars don built fast safety expert super cars responsible credibility gap involving safety auto industry cars american business protect capitalistic system generation coming age decade dr haddon asked panel session future holds automakers choice going face condemnation public restrictions government course put restrictions horsepower blood accumulating added critical reports car makers turning development safety seats built belts air bag systems favored development reported ford cars later
amount sunshine amount breeze london ontario admitting grand hangin june executions hanging jonathan sovereen event looked forward welcome excitement humdrum laborious lives canada pioneer farmers lunch baskets filled previous evening homespun bests put order farm wives looked forward meeting friends discussed crops frequent sojourns nearby bars youngsters scenes faces hopes obtaining enormous peppermint bull eyes cent prominently displayed store counters promised gala occasion condemned dawn june carriages wagons began rumble london making corners dundas ridout streets designated site execution streaming sections city inhabitants added ranks estimated crowd thousand noisy impatient adjoining bars land office business contents lunch baskets steadily diminished conversations crowd general comment recent hanging cornelius burleigh violent manner kicks contortions slowly strangled death
canadians learned national debate preceded suspension hanging trial period canada murder statistics prove clear cut statement number capital murders committed abolition open question argument noose deterrent prof leon radzinowicz cambridge institute criminology pointed number murders past related society expanding lawlessness statistical base prof radzinowicz says crimes violence increased times fast murder rate words rise murder rate considerably spectacular violent crime general fact says juries ready convict charge murder death penalty stake defence counsels likely try charges reduced manslaughter length prison term roughly general sophisticated debaters today prepared put ethical arguments fanatical abolitionists killing wrong equally rabid retentionists accept factions unreachable argument concentration hanging deterrent dead temporary suspension noose significant effect murder rate
begin think subject women special interest group nature assets liabilities conditions servitude mercifully laid rest happens canadian anthropologist delightful lionel tiger written book called groups tells biological nature prehistory banded groups deal affairs women hand biological natures attached individual banded women mark generals statesmen corporation presidents surprisingly surprisingly women liberation groups support tiger findings banded groups according ladies purpose dealing effectively women bondage liberation calls degrading roles wives childbearers courtesans prostitutes women forced assume roles order survive wear badges shame cosmetics spike heels false eyelashes order ensnare regard mere sex objects feminists things change learn karate straighten change sex object image burn bras scorn cosmetics dress careful plainness
question difference black natives slicing white missionary white mob lynching helpless negro answer victims reasons excuses motives basic behaviour mechanism cases members group attacking members group harsh evolutionary argument suggested groups clash exterminates winner biologically successful loser view species argument longer applies small view bigger view contrived live competitively peacefully alongside species successful large view try obvious difficult explaining mass spawning species kinds fish produce thousands young doomed wasted survive quantity breeders quality breeders producing offspring lavishing care attention looking longer period animal devoting nearly decades parental energy grotesquely inefficient send knifed shot burned bombed offspring
stretcher bearers retrieved seriously wounded british moderately wounded british british dead german lightly wounded german seriously wounded enemy dead land touched british bearers souvenirs individual basis campaign fought armies reasonable decency hideously wounded found lying battlefield mercifully shot opponents reported instance british officer scouting area enemy soldier mangled alive shoot unhappily runner german lay watchng stupor agony runner unslung rifle fire soldier patrol officer drew pistol stared gloom german writhing ground later savagely damn funny wasn left suppose die mud tonight photograph shows stretcher bearers carrying wounded soldier front bearers mud ankles hips smiling apologetically walking wounded bandages drifted punctured lacerated usual ways war trudging porridge roads heavy boots resembled blobs mud lost night walked wrong directly wire
young drug users fall main categories excludes course number try forget escapists danger group turning means turning group runs things handle escapists part society drugs alcohol suffice need phsychiatric help alarming increasing number young category authorities surmise number teenage escapists high simply availability drugs makes problem obvious contemporary society escapism fact sure skid row property winos soon heads explorers young test endurance courage utter limits drugs group simply replaced hot rods motorcycles adolescents grow childhood amusements adult responsibilities naturally bored experimentation drugs easy step explorers clearly destructive suicidal feel taking drugs expand awareness group spawned western hemisphere
miami beach feb stood today front nicely dressed healthy looking miami beach senior high school kids told dope heard tears eyes rest detail filthy junkie sincerity boy collapsed neat blue suit florence fisher told things hear parents dedicated cop hardest working narcotics expert talking experience held drug addict florrie starts haven addict remember live student asked florrie statistics marijuana leading drug addiction florrie answered believe tell junkies living gutter believe tell don junkie started horse started pot believe tell agree doctors marijuana physically addictive psychologically addictive don statistics thousand junkies tell started marijuana
methods societies manage drug experience allow drugs assume accepted place social organization elaborately bound ritual religious significance strictly prescribed usage violently oppose unapproved drug drugs assimilated culture pacified important point process pharmacology drug deal needs culture known drugs considered dangerous accepted place culture reverse true hashish marijuana accommodated middle eastern islamic society alcohol dreaded menace specifically proscribed koran west course exact opposite holds coca leaves sacred ancient incas cocaine derivative coca dangerous drug north american criminals indians western north america elaborated entire religious experience peyote lsd drug apparently feel extremely menacing indians notoriously unable handle alcohol fact introduction drug culture unprepared cope devastating effect settlers took canada indians aware
civil liberties groups accompanied placard wavers semi professional protesters condemned term inhumane treatment afforded refugee military service defend specifically american draft dodger deserter states canada matter principle conveniently labelled vietnam adopts title political refugee political refugees historically types left homeland change system generally effort position untenable leave continue fight country cases differing political background russian fleeing communist ideology choose china asylum draft dodger deserter leave persecution discrimination poverty coercion disreputable behaviour persons highly leave graft ridden society cleaner air rarely leaves economic reasons leaves simply wish war beginning end live survive instant relinquishes sovereignty human animal multiplied thousands nation responsibilities run responsibility detracts humanity multiplied thousands animal governments recognize conscientious objector fighting completely question
christians prepared listen atheists possibly learn priest suggests rev arthur gibson professor religious studies st michael college put forward startling idea recent television program called faith atheist suggestion radical departure traditional christian urge convert non believers attitude widely held fundamentalist denominations typical increasing tendency churches general attempt understand beliefs comparison fact christians listening number professed atheists remarkably conversions side factions beginning realize deal common roman catholic philosopher french jesuit teilhard de suggest religious vocation atheist absolutely essential needed opinions attitudes order discover truth differ attitudes necessity belief higher power christian atheist united common concern condition christian point view popular contemporary atheists consistently quoted sermons late french author philosopher albert camus profoundly religious believe god
religion future answer depends answer question future religion set doctrines laws institutions religion living relationship god relationship endures religion future central role human need god believer obvious answer possibly accepts told god dead modern passed stage needing god stand need religion anymore hard think superstitious need god religion passed longer invoke mysterious powers bring rain crops grow understand natural processes involved increasing skills able control marvelous things fields communication transportation medicine biology developments truly challenges religion advance modern science technology seen proper perspective represents part working mission god draw perfect powers latent material universe especially mind god expect superstitious peasants blindly placating mysterious powers nature
runaways plan leaving ahead impulsive act purposeful action running communicates seriousness adolescent feeling shows desperation shows stress conflict perceived inability resolve conflict family situation conditions ready allow resolution conditions makes situation impossible resolve attitude part parents talking consideration feelings minor running type communication says hey feelings seriously feelings issue hair basically allowed wear chooses adults thing young disturbed young person think story samson delilah judges clue hair issue samson strength supposedly hair persuaded delilah reveal secret strength young nazarite vow cut hair strength samson literally hair religious vow cut hair
sad thing young generally humorless recollection sticks mind violent demonstrations seen berlin montreal intensity pure hatred young faces bespeaks arrogance intolerance total refusal listen understand pity humorlessness fantasy young wax humorous pay obeisance indulgence sex drugs thing heroes tend puritanical revolutionary authoritarians total discipline spartanism preconditions revolution wonder idols petty bourgeois anarchists rant canada mythical american empire works slogans american democratic party charles taylor calls colonization mind demand instant utopia children brought earth find rebel rebel accepted young subject fixation united states look needed diabolism nazis jews movement stock nazi designation moment greatest extremes united states oppressive societies wartime tolerating waving terrorist enemy flags
legal systems democratic countries part philosophic principles woven fabric society trial peers privilege citizens democratic country matter course principle entitled defend court law presumed innocent proven guilty principles part system system ingrained acceptance system conquest generally believed overthrown complexities twentieth century general eroding faith traditional values exposing inherent weaknesses bobby seale leader black panthers militant group gained national recognition famous democratic convention chicago managed turn trial conspiracy riot complete farce seale contending trial invalid refused abide honored rules noisy disruptions eventually gagged manacled chair words defendant essence permitted participate trial leads question rejects legal system tried system system undemocratic countries south africa apartheid policies preclude giving rights black practising immoral system
black power clearly defined attach fears white america questions begin basic fact black americans problems poor black problems arise sided reality beginning sncc sought address conditions program aimed winning political power impoverished southern blacks begin politics black americans propertyless country property valued power country function morality love nonviolence power determined win political power idea moving activity economic effects power masses participate making decisions govern destinies create basic change lives negroes lack majority black power means proper representation sharing control means creation power bases black change statewide nationwide patterns oppression pressure strength weakness politically black power means meant sncc coming black elect representatives force representatives speak needs mean merely putting black faces office woman black slums automatically expected speak needs black
north american indian generation contact fur trader utterly dependent european firearms hunting company fully justified claiming thousand families natives want supply annually received guns powder shot killed beaver buffalo beasts country flesh whereof food starved governor jeremy left tragic account starvation cannibalism infanticide caused lack trading goods lost skill bow europeans supplied firearms chief john albany indian learned depend firearms bow arrow problems arose warfare tribes increased hurons wiped fighting indians white settlers worse peaceful areas indian able kill game liked killed needs killed buffalo caribou scarce indian ability adapt white ways resulted completely dependent forgot bows tan hides adopted white dress traded settlers bought food hunting days
copenhagen special son brought christian knew judaism half ago words participant strangest chapters jewish exodus central europe began hitler rise played leading role polish cultural polish jews fled denmark recent months escape persecution fashioned thought disappeared europe played important role exodus makes unusual respects tragic refugees view israel home mrs hannah kaufmann danish volunteer worker refugees explained aware jewishness suddenly found victims didn existed leo fischer leader denmark jewish community adds majority thought communists wanted israel ago remained fischer active result israel propaganda poland statistics bear polish jews denmark elected emigrate jewish personal feelings formally opt zionism order poland
lucy joined class doll interesting sure cute dark big black eyes figure sit close eyes walking street turn look doll sure cute shy wouldn talk class rest kids sit chair sorting papers notebook couple times class say hi show liked smile nod head papers hell didn need anymore needed real fine didn need school stayed school anyway traveled lot job wanted father school kids age needs em anyway remember school didn wanna cut class walked awhile kids streets looked real lonely street school cafe big neon sign flashing
brother david small boy twelve mother favor nicer looking boy large brown eyes deep dimples pudgy soft hands wanted tall skinny face starting pimples yard thought brother hid bush watched mother spread piece jelly bread noticed tender handed jelly bread kissed forehead wasn wanted kissed forehead fact didn david sat bush yard began think sad ran don mean sad feel sad mother feel losing twelve son guess wasn older child knew mother fret sorry don think realized wasn spreading jelly
nick friends pretty remember mothers trade turns fetching kindergarten nick lives corner avenue upstairs grocery store runs asked re friends couldn exactly say re real whiz sports roller skate play king stickball ride bikes exploring ten rode twelfth avenue hudson river queen mary docks remember mom getting angry pop bike week nick ride bikes lot sit homework play chess listen records reason re friends creepy kid lived corner nick tagged wanting play course end fouled game fell started cry big brother rushing big guy figured entitled beat hurting joey looked joey worked lookout minute nick showed block big guys run
remember small cottage castro street home familiar background mama papa brother nels sister christine closest age secret withdrawn littlest sister dagmar aunts mama sisters aunt jenny oldest bossiest aunt sigrid aunt marta maiden aunt trina aunts bachelor uncle uncle chris black norwegian impatience shouting stamping brought mystery excitement humdrum days awareness mama remember saturday night mama sit scrubbed kitchen table wrinkling placid brows count money papa brought home envelope stacks landlord mama say piling big silver pieces grocer group coins shoes half soled mama count silver teacher says week need notebook christine nels mama solemnly detach nickel dime set watch diminishing pile breathless interest papa ask mama nodded relax reach schoolbooks homework mama look smile
worked willowbrook papa stood line cookshack door waited turn called bucky say cabin family bucky camp manager entire bucky bean ran things willowbrook bucky bean index finger matthew scoured ear left making believe heard truly bean bucky bean mamma answered papa don ho ho ho matthew bean charge beans thumped chest fists limped circle chanting mister bean mean pick em clean ol bean bean machine matthew mamma spoke sharp hear place popped mouth don want bean seen green queen screen papa standing line number announced belong find cabin door painted black huge sprawly number easy find cabin number wasn queer numbers sister spot number roosevelt puzzling head figured matter
began times rode watched wide beautiful country open found coin add bag gold america big place mile discovered big big big wheels america sang tune automobiles going whizzing past proud motorcycles turning tractor treads locomotives disappeared earth curve hear rails humming big big big stopped glad friends talk met mennonites russia bohemians prague irishmen smelling whiskey strong tobaccos section gangs anxious spend money welsh slate miners voices rose fell singing birds white painted homes iowa called settlers families pioneers ohio vermont longer england didn feel bad broken language stranger ways saw foreigner difference early late wished stayed week month hundred places
montreal large city large cities small streets streets instance prince edward street blocks ending de sac knew prince edward street pierre dupin pierre delivered milk families street thirty past fifteen horse drew milk wagon pierre large white horse named joseph montreal especially part montreal french animals children names saints big white horse provincale milk company didn told pierre white horse henceforth pierre stroked softness horse neck stroked sheen splendid belly looked eyes horse kind horse gentle faithful horse pierre beautiful spirit shining eyes horse st joseph kind gentle faithful beautiful spirit joseph knew milk route pierre pierre boast didn need reins touched morning pierre arrived stables provincale milk company clock wagon loaded joseph hitched
guards stiff awkward sam browne belt sword hitting side call lieutenant zapata son riding field facing troops rest group officers short dark heavy set coarse looking soldier saluted raising dust clicked heels wanted lieutenant knowing kind thought timid figure father brought lieutenant mind raised head spoke loudly brutal tone fellow officers hear don town don soldier gave details asked wrinkled poncho basket embarrassed flustered lieutenant put hand peak cap faces officers showed amused looked lieutenant zapata endure effect curious eyes ducked head coughed lit cigarette began draw lines dirt point sword minutes later guard approached recent recruit awkward joke formal approach officer paces called slapping arms sides chicken beating wings re looking lieutenant
lived mother brothers sisters small town island luzon father farm destroyed sudden philippine floods afterward lived town preferred living country door neighbor rich sons daughters seldom house boys girls played sang sun children stayed inside windows closed house tall children look windows house watch played slept ate food house eat rich servants frying cooking aroma food wafted windows big house hung took wonderful smell food beings morning family stood windows rich house listened musical sizzling thick strips bacon ham remember afternoon neighbor servants roasted chickens chickens young tender fat dripped burning coals gave enchanting odor watched servants turn beautiful birds inhaled heavenly spirit drifted
bad kid say pride feeling say live hope mind help kids stand stood boy say helps avoid mistakes heart triumphs story serve purpose lot wildcat junk written flattering material directed generations sports writers pictured homeless orphan thing written real interest baseball hard sport naturally written wanted named big league manager responsibilities job place orphan baseball game worked hard learn worked harder playing retired report wanted manager nutty mother maiden schanberg lived thirteen father george herman ruth lived majors
singing big concert halls trying teach grand folks grand hand letter home don act york city sing madison square garden carnegie hall feel peacock feathers spread street chicago look feet feathers drop remember singing forty singing supper lord music lesson read music don chord structures sing sing song rehearsal conductor says mahalia let bars ask mean bars let verse prophets mean say heart song audience hears song message sense
visit hacienda friend theatrical pause mario moreno tell luis face supposed knocked prospect tell face mario moreno meant mario annoyed movie star famous country hate wound national pride mario moreno marvelous sure let visit ranch wanted big mexican hacienda hoped recognize mario moreno met drove rim saucer holds capital toluca short run road independence ixlahuaca turned courtyard white walled hacienda village dazzling white stucco tile buildings shady arcade big house mission style church gate slender hidalgo black leather jacket sauntered shadows meet mario cried luis luis cried mario hugged slapped backs exuberant abrazo minimum greeting mexican looked mario hard familiar sad brown eyes puffy upper lip slender gracefulness wait minute bull cape eighty days cantinflas
banks country rich sold wool sheep brought money home gold silver secret holes rock walls houses hiding money buried floor floors dirt cemented bull blood hard secret places gold houses maybe close corrals places hide gold robbers north bandits raided side rio grande indians comanches lipans gold took horses children girls ranchero sheep wool pastores vacieros vadiero superintended shepherds supplied food leave flocks rico gold cunning lived high hills casa blanca country west san diego house kind fort walls higher flat roof loopholes walls shoot guard roof night night heat cold looking listening tiresomeness
midnight october course history going change forever hours knew guessed historic moment grasp stupendous idea happening fleet small ships admiral youngest page boy tensely alert feel going happen guess tremendous going reward money sighted land knew voyage nearly soon going western horizon eager eyes seen waves waves endlessly tossing midnight approached sailing ships scudding ahead fast clear moon starlit night luckily wind moon past full riding high fortunate chance moon happened position shine lay ahead mysterious unknown sea westward white eye seen eyes ships straining nerves tense crews month sea sailing west chance live return nigh impossible
roaring motors overhead subsided lone plane glided touched earth lightly turned taxi hangars hush fell roosevelt field crowd tensed air charged expectancy moment later harsh metallic voice loud speakers blared announcement cast space speeding plane thousand feet field let body plummet earthward thousand feet pull rip cord opened parachute voice announcer soaring superlative coming death defying spectacle leap pilots parachute drop attract crowd help business taking aloft short joyride hey leyson guy thousand dump field manager shouted glance looked nodded head replied okay let swinging leg edge cockpit slid seat mechanic swung propeller warm motor caught idled evenly turned look chute jumper youngster clear eyed clean looking strangely pale muscles jaw tightly set mouth firm thin line eyes hardened bright stress excitement bit tense thought
dave hurry afraid reach ice late crossing lake street short cut bushes holding sharp bare branches side getting scratched heart beating fast lagoon hoping hard senior race started finally reached bridge heard faintly german band playing platform erected pavilion saw crowd ten deep standing pond walking fast half running edge ice excited care hands frozen finger mittens hole slapping hands thighs seen teamsters stood seats wagons cold feel frost crowd music louder slow waltz worked big stood front small american flags stuck ice forming large racing oval big girls racing late dave didn care girls girls waiting harry robbins win big race
street jeanie friend barbara crowd boys girls downtown high school train window jeanie thought saw remaining passengers look relief disdain boys girls pressed forward noisy gaiety friends home harlem tall boy detached group bowed low swept cap courtly salute greetings lady jeanie greetings barbara jeanie bit lip frowning pulled coat closer shrugged barbara smiled dimpled pleased friend told likes whispered look waiting want ahead jeanie wasting opportunity norman keen saw jeanie head slightly bowed thrust forward odd girl barbara liked anyway boy swung gracefully group coming show tonight barbara asked homework try decide throw jeanie frowned want coke asked barbara passed big ice cream parlor window cluttered candy boxes ornate curly lettering juke box door boys girls sitting table looked warm friendly
mama tried knew stop poor dagmar earache warmed sweet oil garlic medicine shultz drugstore helped dr johnson told mama dagmar hospital operate watched mama eyes grow dark fright wait asked husband comes home doctor decide morning operation chance operation mama took deep breath took bank emptied contents kitchen table looked doctor asked hopefully doctor looked uncomfortable thinking county hospital explained mama pay clinic hospital clinic yes pay afford dr johnson explained child care patients mama looked worried understand leave dagmar care promise operation mama gratefully nels blanket wrap dagmar papa nels hospital mama nurses put dagmar high table started wheel hall
miss wilson tell mary teach mayesville institute mary class graduate end term graduation classmates negroes mayesville area grand social event mc family arrive beaming pride members brought honor students built makeshift platform school yard decorating sides garlands wild greens gathered nearby swamps arranging rows chairs accommodate graduating class guests auspicious occasion miss emma wilson sat platform facing charges side prim row guest speakers negro white members board presbyterian church patsy samuel found seats close front watch important graduate twelve girl white dress white shoes stockings sat classmates rows ahead patsy decked wedding wore purple white polka dotted dress brand black shoes small brimmed black straw hat husband side managed assemble suit parts varying colors materials lap carefully held worn edges beaver top hat
personally magazine writers tv radio commentators write say overworking fertile imaginations created fictitious picture portrait pachuco mexican american delinquent type specializing knifings thievery vandalism disobedience parents clear distortion ago major radio network sports commentator household aired opinions unfortunately family listening dad mild mannered exploded mom started crying brothers sisters began shouting pointing radio accusingly tuber blame dad dashed room waited minutes bent suitcase asked packing snapped tossing couple shirts bag going trip seen angry york fumed going find lying radio beat devil put hand shoulder listen dad don nationally known figures fists stopped packing looked tennis rackets look pointed family untrue dad didn answer don nodded slowly okay matters don care think
summer ahead graduation grade school set finding ways raise twelve fifteen dollars pair boots tried crowel publishing company representative mountain park attracted ad ambitious young trudged hills canvas sack full current copies collier american woman home companion deal ten fifteen percent cash sales mail rest company top half covers unsold magazines wasn market crowell discovered week hard labor sold collier woman home companion answered ad tried peddling cloverine salve stuff flat round tin boxes allegedly cuts burns abrasions company supply cloverine catalogue prizes selling dozen dozen tins felt let saw catalogue gathered ad ambitious young cash money reread ad found misunderstood dawned radios watches prizes cash won sell
mechanics parts porters looked boss garth pitcairn shop large busy automobile agency rumors mechanic coming look pitcairn companion young dark haired boy decided arrived impact hammer fast rat tat tat filled shop noise powerful auto engine roared mechanic resumed carburetor adjustment experienced didn occur garth pitcairn turn young kid loose late model cars agency serviced wrong pitcairn walked service manager david burnham saying dave mike sitko hired beginning mechanic part finishes school don easy age mike supposed cars put move jobs eye let pitcairn looked piercingly teenager mike taking gamble hired young stuff pull weight full job finish school
fingers nervously small area wooden bench slender fingers soft tapered fine transparent nails fragile pink shells crack pressure bench brown narrow benches sort found railway stations high high rest head comfortably seat hard depot crowded arrival departure speedball express persons seated young woman nervous fingers older couple parents young boy blue jeans yellow polo shirt bewhiskered farmer smells cow dung perspiration clock ticket window round faced clock thick black evenly spaced numbers reads short thick lines number passage minutes eyes fix face clock eyes watch hand short hand slide glass moon clock erases present thought blur eyes assumed careless turn head clock sees figure head minutes left town town childhood town family friends watch clock figure head left coming speedball express beginning
small circus company called biggest show earth bothered loved getting country seeing places read barryville favorite town folks saw brother ray mom dad thought ray wrong family baby certainly turned re navahos haven reservation grandparents left start traveling circuses grandparents bareback riders billed satantas passed skills parents mother ride standing horse dad able somersault horses riding full speed crowds thrilled able land side falling mom dad don perform comes muscles won obey parents run cotton candy concession circus hoped brother act ray disappointment brother think troubles started sideshow listening barkers trying circus telling
pete bronson pitching ball school yard mama yelled side fence leroy jenks home minute job sounded real happy pleased looking job school month threw pete ball walked fence shook head trying look sad mama couldn found job jobs mama answered fiercely jobs leroy want telling glared sixteen tall stop saying teach school kind job asked mama frowning mrs carson job working ten needs stay children glad job stared horror baby sitter think screamed looked pete bent laughing mama looked mad happy job leroy orielle brown didn stay sick grandma minute mrs carson wouldn needing sternly pay ten dollars week nearly buy school clothes
changed speaker urban coalition friday assembly school turned important didn think going wanted ball friends going parties cutting classes felt mood speech fourth july fireworks show head woke flew set road knew longer going heavy began signing group kids active kinds neighborhood projects helping kids learn read trying drop outs school finding drugs trying help getting vote candidates things needed kinds things sense felt wasn wasting thing wrong picture
cindy song scared twirly thing park merry round painted red big boys pushed feet making fast trunks trees rushed barky blur cindy shrieked mother took shrieked cindy mother lisa montgomery exasperated sit bench women ronnie lipton climb monkey bars cindy merry round ronnie hold fast sneakered foot push wheel cindy sing round round goes round ronnie tall thin child skin color caramel candy straight black hair black eyes turned corners think knew private joke moved quickly boys dark legs twinkling path carry secret palms hands quick appearing dimple side smile dopted laugh dopted asked cindy able ask questions didn mother tummy lips losing raspberry red starting curve big boy firmness
mike linden couldn remember seen girl store took notice boxboy discount store months period customers passed counter vague blur busy person impression especially weekends couple weeks ago mike promoted stocking shelves busy saturdays sundays talk customers watch fairly spectacular girl walk aisle jennifer wasn kind turn look bother hair started wearing clothes didn look grabbed rack local outlet type girl deliberately dressed girls couldn afford mike didn figure jennifer kind knew mother called beckoning impatiently halfway aisle mama tall skinny nondescript character jennifer actually wasn didn anyway breathless voice interrupted train thought eyelash curlers glanced shoulder straightened looked directly jennifer eyes
hair reaching past ears cheeks trailing thin river mouth finally dropping crushing mound chin collins drew martin sat edge jetty wind whipping sand mixing coarse hair matted handsome face black curly mass pierced set blue eyes gazed ocean deep thought collins wished angry angry white caps slapped stones feet constant waves tumbling dissolving sand empty empty beach days emptiness needed filling fill lanky sunburned collins drew martin question hung summer plague end summer sand tired lay abused jetty beach slowly deserted vacationers began pack return winter suntans ocean waves supposed help endure remained collins parents clung decision collins holding shadow knapsack afraid let courage open mouth let
mrs grace prescott heavy weight responsibilities raising family hard impossible times simply despaired falling comfort tears bathed grief doubled corner living room sofa witness round quivering hulk feel curiosity pity perched round precarious ready roll chair bouncing simply teetered brink nursing unhappiness quietly heaving endure sorrow son stood nearby fidgeting face creased unhappiness wendell ears impatience feeling rapidly going aw ma think say muttering words staccato outbursts distraction felt wanting desperately situation cut remark moved pacing floor distraught figure mrs prescott gallantly waved short wendell dark parents brothers sister baby cathy carriage beat black wendell figured hard times spoke color family feeling persisting revolution blackness
important things remember china country eastern asia civilization dates longer country chinese civilization began christ river valley northern china inhabitants valley wandering hunters fishermen learned farm need roam search food settle permanent homes tend crops important develop cities government temples writing coin money devise calendar passed chinese grew numbers spread vast area finest known build homes develop arts living land china centuries ago answer found soil climate valley civilization began valley known yellow river valley yellow river hwang ho flows yellow soil valley deep stones rich plant building elements early living valley found excellent farming provided water rain crops fell yellow earth times bring water fields means irrigation canals
late china invaded grasslands north rode mongols unlike chinese farmers small businessmen mongols nomads herded sheep nomads move place place seeking food water animals mongols spent moving excellent horsemen mongol stay saddle ten days nights settled chinese farmers match swift moving mongol horsemen gradually mongols took china finally mongol leader kublai khan china foreign ruler mongol dynasty lasted notable event dynasty arrival european visitors china europeans polo brothers merchants italian city venice visit marco polo teen aged son brothers accompanied later reached china met emperor kublai khan took liking bright young marco errands parts empire china polos returned venice visit china important marco polo book told experiences book splendors kublai khan court high civilization chinese developed book sparked interest european traders china
china divided classes upper class gentry members lived towns cities lower class villagers government officials scholars landlords belonged upper class farmers craftsmen belonged lower class home wang family apartment building house included mrs wang young daughter sons wives sets grandchildren widowed aunts mrs wang dozen servants part household wang home consisted story houses surrounded wall area called compound larger houses built open courtyard kitchen sitting room dining room bedrooms courtyards connected passageways mrs wang daughter lived house mrs wang widowed aunts lived house wang sons wives children house servants lived smaller houses living room bedrooms kitchen addition houses wang home included large hall called ancestral hall walls hall stood wooden tablets lists wang ancestors going generations wang sons growing wang ancestral hall
course china history beginnings middle manchu dynasty early seen land chinese live close look early chinese civilization read europe challenge china china response modern age europeans learned china advanced civilization marco polo returned venice told wonderful things seen silk robes worn kublai khan court told black stones gave heat burned call coal fleets junks yangtze grand canal europeans thought marco polo invented stories called marco millions talked millions millions farms europeans took seriously decided excellent idea develop trade known country china overland journey asia began looking china sea portuguese find water route africa india later portuguese captain rounded southeast asia reached chinese harbor canton portuguese agreement chinese government canton treaty port traded chinese merchants british dutch french soon
europeans determined increase trade china manchu government able resist advances china population numbered persons population exploded persons spite gigantic growth government provide service irrigation projects started increase crop land government draft soldiers protect result border attacks nomads frequent areas farmers growing crops roaming bandits china government failed change conditions changed set ways heard say cooking twenty complaints change business thirty try imagine emperor chin shih felt chinese system government working successfully china problems manchu emperors poor rulers appointed national officials turned dishonest greedy local officials taxes soared amounted cent farmer crop left farmer family live farmers miserable rice rebellions broke government
passed chinese slowly began realize western ways set schools pupils learn western science modern ways farming adopted western attitudes women girls boys receive education tried persuade chinese businessmen establish factories profits remain china chinese students abroad study leaders wanted bring nation sun sun patriot change china republic born village canton thirteen hawaii join older brother hawaii studied mission school home village found impatient beliefs practices british colony hong kong studied medicine doctor dr sun real interest politics bringing western ideas government country age dr sun moved north china confucius tried show government officials rulers confucius success unlike confucius sun teacher decided start revolution change china republic organized secret society called revive china society plans overthrow manchu government
europeans island formosa portuguese sailors island forested cliffs sparkling waterfalls green plains sloping sea impressed sailors exclaimed ilha formosa beautiful island europeans called formosa chinese asians known taiwan formosa names include free china nationalist china republic china reason formosa seat nationalist government formosa part chinese empire early manchu dynasty war china yielded japan fifty later end war ii island returned china nation smallest province wave nationalist refugees arrived mainland later communist takeover nationalist troops led chiang brought money left national treasury thousand packing cases filled paintings kinds art accompanied followers relatives troops formosa refugees built formosa island highest standards living asia let farms factories thirds formosa covered mountains running north south
china communists set march goal strong modern nation today communists road according leaders completely reach goal major problem facing china communist government feed tackling problem directions trying produce crops trying population growing rapidly called commune system china succeeded producing crops feed trouble farmers prefer farm commune employees result government try ways organizing farms farm past floods destroyed crops robbed food prevent floods communists built hundreds earth dams china rivers banks putting plants manufacture chemical fertilizers manure setting agricultural research stations scientists try develop seeds yield larger crops growing crops part story important thing food china compared population china increase population crops raised estimates say babies arrive china
lived china school chances school member teen aged organization called red guards spent spreading revolution mimeographed quotations writings mao tung handed passersby free train ride large city marched streets red guards marched shout chairman mao reddest red sun hearts criticized factory manager communist torn street sign fashioned smashed buddhist statues thrown library books bonfire apparently groups chinese communist party group ideas group led mao tung believes important red expert group believes expert important red group believes person kinds important thing think thoughts proof group points march soldiers political workers teachers farmers
airflight japan san francisco takes hours distance miles jet age japan pacific neighbors island nation japan located east coast continent asia west sea japan countries korea mainland china east pacific ocean japan covers area square miles large california half united states japan main islands hundreds small largest island live honshu north hokkaido cold climate smallest population south southeast honshu kyushu industries shikoku smallest islands japanese island chain north south forms arc miles islands eastern coast united states reach central maine northern florida islands japan tops water range mountains rose bottom ocean millions ago violent movements deep earth cracked layers rock ocean floor pushed upward tops rocks rose water formed high peaks ridges japanese islands
japan variety minerals amount small coal abundant burning coal supplies power japan industries coal low grade hot fire modern steel plant smelting iron requires furnace fires red hot white hot operate steel plants japanese import coal large quantities japan import iron ore iron ore deposits small buys iron ore scrap iron melted reused japanese shopped iron ore coal need cheapest built ocean going ships bring materials parts japan iron steel plants located ports easily reached ships bringing iron steel plants modern machinery japan industrial nation requires large supplies oil petroleum output cent nation needs equal week supply rest japan oil bought countries brought large tanker ships southwest asia minerals japan supply chromite harden steel copper lead sulfur zinc
japan extends north south distance miles variety climates northern island hokkaido lies temperate belt part honshu southern islands reach equator lie subtropics part japan miles ocean nearness water important influence weather place coastal regions temperate climate regions water reason large bodies water absorb release sun heat slowly summer oceans seas warm land winter cold winds blow large bodies water land tend moderate climate coastal regions japan greatly influenced nearness ocean fact climate east coast united states reasons regions ocean distance equator hokkaido bitterly cold winters winter months cold arctic air blowing siberia northern asia picks moisture blowing sea japan reaches hokkaido northern honshu dumps large amounts snow snow blankets regions november april
religion played important part shaping japan molding character japanese true countries religion greatest influence japan influenced number religions important shinto buddhism christianity according recent survey number japanese belong religions total population japan clear persons belong religions japanese explanation say religion separate road leading peak mount fuji group takes path goal makes difference road roads honest believers reach top mountain japan religions offer special opportunities worship situations times baby shinto shrine blessed wedding performed shinto priest shinto shrine funerals hand conducted buddhist monks shinto shrine pray luck coming mid summer festival honoring dead important buddhist festival christmas celebrated japanese gift giving
gautama realized full pain die longer enjoy ease wondered fortunate unfortunate meet death end meaning find answers questions gautama left pleasant home family wandered land search truth gave meditation deep thought story goes sat pipal tree answers questions gathered groups taught learned called buddha means enlightened teachings buddha called noble truths simply stated follows happiness comes owns oneself happens temporary pass problems sorrow giving desires ambition person gain salvation salvation buddha meant reaching quiet mind called nirvana attain salvation buddha recommended steps understanding fact suffer learning suffering eliminating practicing teachings called death buddha followers spread teachings india neighboring lands
japanese holidays began religious festivals folk festivals religious meaning addition national holidays nearly city village special festival parades floats kite flying dancing celebrations japanese holiday biggest important national celebration fun takes place home festival begins days january preparations homes cleaned spotless special foods cooked shopping feasting decorations pine trees bamboo put front door decorations japanese household things supposed bring happy orange fern leaves small lobster things special meaning eve japanese nearby shinto shrines worship pray luck coming shrines crowded want worship midnight shrine listen special programs television radio midnight famous gong buddhist temple rung times signal arrival sound gong broadcast nation greetings extended government officials
factory workers large part population japan cities important industries japan textiles steelmaking shipbuilding automobile manufacture camera making electrical equipment industries centered cities grown greatly recent moved rural regions cities search jobs unskilled special trade schools learn manufacture cloth began home japan today spinning weaving large factories employ thousands japan wood rayon produces silk import raw cotton wool cotton comes united states wool australia japan leading cloth producing nations shift war ii heavy industries steelmaking machines shipbuilding brought decline japanese textiles textiles constituted half japan exports today fourth japan largest steel plant largest asia kyushu covers area miles northern seacoast island persons employed hour shifts plant operating hours company runs huge steel plant looks workers
japan midst war bombed cities rebuilt need housing transportation schools improved health measures foreign trade revived island nation survive meeting problems japanese help advice americans built industries began manufacture products prosperity social greatest japan war cities grown size industries centered cities caused rural regions flock cities jobs wages tokyo instance grew half million persons largest city period villages towns spread joined formed cities city kyushu million exist city ten ago japan today cities population million nations surpass china nineteen india war ii japan large trade goods produced cheap cotton cloth rayon flimsy toys poor tools required technical skill countries goods sold believe marked japan cheap poorly
important change japan war adoption constitution set laws written nation constitution designed establish democratic practices japan effect constitution regarded gift emperor graciously granted rights constitution took political power emperor hands choose nation officials emperor longer real power government today japan emperor lives imperial palace honored look divine ruler japan constitution written american guidance constitution united states says equal law rights enjoyed voting privileges women freedom speech freedom press freedom assembly freedom religion rights written constitution guarantee japanese education constitution states japanese couples marry consent parents broke standing japanese custom young free choice marriage
takes lots hit record hardest travel whirlwind promotion tours artist flies city hours food sleep bright small talk number disc jockeys promotion reporters record buyers sell tune jerry lee lotta shakin goin lewis flew detroit tour recently teen news views jerry busy schedule similar artists included record hop appearances television dates radio newspaper interviews promote latest single tired detroit friday afternoon previous month full nightly concerts cities days promotion buffalo york city jerry didn balk thought record hop appearances area friday night hops night place scheduled hops jerry took nap ate sandwich scrunched foot frame tiny foreign car mercury promotion pete canteni host weekend teen news reporter pontiac singing
murray makes buck makes king hysterical disc jockeys look think kind gnome happening studio close inside glass panels amid microphone grilles cue sheets commercials capital letters murray sits edge seat solidly built thirty normal adult worried look face looking glass engineer sport shirt course murray clothes stingy brim straw hat shirt wide lavender stripes pair black pants tight inch chinese slits sides bottom fit gussets boots murray sixty outfits elf boots russian hats flipnik jerseys part murray sitting vinyl upholstery edge chair makes tip forward legs pumping thinking concentrate layers noise barbasol commercial listen rub microphone ordinary beard comes speaker sound garbage dragging cellar stairs union square automat
weeks demanding round clock rehearsals monkees auditioned representatives major record companies schneider rafelson signed rca victor company making manufacturing distribution offer lots times thought boys sounded lousy says schneider times heard gooseflesh wanted sound beat matter finding help bring thirty donald kirshner known pop music golden ear records produced previous sold million copies enriched acts herman hermits animals monkees efforts recording studio disastrous peter tork recalls directionless unproductive musically speaking disillusioned schneider tapes kirshner york boys didn relate kirshner sighed looking driving exciting frantic young sound sound monkees eighteen hours kirshner miraculously produced dozen records tape recordings prefabricated monkees stable musicians boys sing top hits carrying records flew los concentrated spoon feeding music monkees twenty tunes required album tv shows rolled slickly coordinated musical assembly line created days
abby tyler pinched weeks academy convinced real actually happening hard pinch left red mark arm changed kay torrence shirley graff alive big sofa cuban melody blared radio cleared space couch alice jane continued practicing samba energy abby drank scene exchange didn look school school admitted academy exchange bright room deep armchairs draperies gaily decorated snack bar wall abby blessed half scholarship part fine music school hopelessly expensive don belong thought looking shirley admiringly girls students shirley stood pretty smooth outstanding musician school headlined musical talent maybe don belong abby thought awakening confidence started abby shirley asked jerking abby thoughts toy piano abby laughed realizing talk turned usual music mother gave noticed loved picked tunes family acquired real piano started lessons
don mind staying school says professor herbert whip switch let home early pa whip anyway getting home hours late re big whip says professor herbert punish climbing cherry tree boys knew boys paid dollar helped pay tree borrow dollar says punishment wish quicker punishment wouldn mind professor herbert stood looked big wore gray suit clothes suit matched gray hair don father says professor herbert called fashioned makes mind re twenty believes spare rod spoil child able understand cherry tree high school punishment says professor herbert stay hours school today hours school tomorrow allowing twenty cents hour money high school student sweep schoolhouse floor wash blackboards clean windows
fifteen miles monterey wild coast torres family farm sloping acres cliff dropped brown reefs hissing white waters ocean farm stone mountains stood sky farm buildings huddled clinging aphids mountain skirts crouched low ground wind blow sea shack rattling rotting barn grey bitten sea salt beaten damp wind color granite hills horses red cow red calf half dozen pigs flock lean colored chickens stocked place corn raised sterile slope grew short thick wind cobs formed landward sides stalks mama torres lean dry woman ancient eyes ruled farm ten husband tripped stone field fell full length rattlesnake bitten chest mama torres children undersized black twelve fourteen emilio rosy mama fishing rocks farm sea kind truant officer distant part monterey county
don say shouldn job stayed borstal ram runner brain luck scram making coppers think job autumn night foggy set mate mike roaming streets rooted front television stuck plush seat pictures restless weeks sort ask bone idle sweated thin guts milling machine rest dad died cancer throat mother collected cool hundred insurance benefits factory worked bereavement words believe mam thought wad crisp blue fivers sight living soul re flying hand shopkeeper shopkeeper passing tip top things exchange counter soon money mam took brothers sisters town clothes
comes miss kennedy jumped vic stood allison reached customary place froze position evan llewelyn evans including famous straw hat kimberly stood rigidly attention evans sat head board table kimberly evans present victor norman paul evans irving brown vic stepped forward shake evans hand warned kimberly apparently hand unshakable vic shake hands paul evans irving brown sat allison remained standing chair feeling tenseness room extraordinary eyes fixed head table sat looking table silence minutes gave vic chance look client evan llewelyn evans advertising radio genius paid million dollars comedy show canceled program gagwriters put color joke built broken stars radio small dainty tiny graceful hands middle fifties looked older
policeman beat moved avenue impressively impressiveness habitual show spectators barely ten clock night chilly gusts wind taste rain nigh depeopled streets trying doors twirling club intricate artful movements turning cast watchful eye pacific thoroughfare officer stalwart form slight swagger fine picture guardian peace vicinity early hours lights cigar store night lunch counter majority doors belonged business places closed midway block policeman suddenly slowed walk doorway darkened hardware store leaned unlighted cigar mouth policeman walked spoke quickly officer reassuringly waiting friend appointment twenty ago sounds funny explain straight ago restaurant store stands big joe brady restaurant ago policeman torn
poems reading selection oral interpretation read aloud practicing art thousands print read aloud handwritten manuscripts give enjoyment communication read aloud feeling interpreting writer say reader give oral interpretation literature need think feel understand author meaning mood merely repeating words reciting lines conveys small part author wrote implied lines oral interpretation role reader translate printed words living speech audience feel feel poems presidents assassinated ideas feelings elegy ideas stand feelings mood sadness thoughtfulness mood stronger poem captain captain written walt whitman tribute abraham lincoln poem talks lincoln speaking poet whitman poem understand speaking imagine visiting country graveyard strolling weed grown paths stopping read epitaphs tombstones
jack fin ly joined king army wars fought country pretty served thirty told reckoned pulled term home gave dis charge jack hit road days soldiers didn pay gave left army loaves bread jack walkin highway loaves lightbread stuck arm met beggar beggar bummed jack somethin eat jack gave loaves bread directly met gray beard asked jack bread jack cut loaf gave feller half studyin fore turned caught says daddy didn gave loaf didn give half rest loaf thanked jack says re jack goin give handed jack sack arm says want catch sack hold open hand slap say whickety whack
robert proctor driver young turnpike curved gently ahead lightly traveled cool morning felt relaxed alert hours driving produced twinges fatigue appeared muscles base neck sun bright glaring air smelled fresh clean breathed deeply blew noisily driving glanced quickly slim gray haired woman sitting front seat mouth curved quiet smile watched trees fields slip side pike robert proctor immediately looked road enjoying mom yes robert voice cool morning pleasant sit thinking driving wonder enjoyed enjoy smiled embarrassed sure reached patted gently arm turned scenery listened smooth purr engine ahead saw truck spouting geyser smoke sped turnpike passing blue convertible content drive wake truck robert proctor noted arrangement filed mind
joe red crane talk going indian institute missoula big gathering university meetings days talk problems indians problems grandpa let professors talk problems soon big show university field house problems talked maybe learn grandma grandpa married thirty sixteen fashioned grandpa stubborn grandpa wanted wear grandfather feather war bonnet big show joe red crane talked shows difference grandpa grandma talked war bonnet real thing grandpa argued salish language feathers broken kicked don look red crane want look real don blackfeet dress fancy stylish dancers want flatheads put show don grandpa snorted english show folks lick daylights blackfeet hunting buffalo east side mountains
tried think twenty tommy screaming bore wasn rosa store tended profits counted pennies unendurably slow hours endless drivel selling candy cigarettes soda water sick stomach feeling trapped mistakes rosa changed tony tommy tony kid dreams schemes especially getting tenement crowded kid squawking neighborhood lousy poverty fouled sixteen quit vocational school making shoemaker began hang gray hatted thick soled shoe boys spare mazuma showed fat wonderful rolls cellar clubs look popeyed bought silver caffe espresso urn later television arranged pizza parties girls getting cars leading holdup liquor store started present trouble lucky coal ice landlord knew leader district arranged bothered knew going frightened sick mess father cooking deal rosa tony marry father law savings open candy store honest living
happened detroit warm sunny perfect baseball weather manager joe mc flown buffalo looking yankee prospects hotel lobby quick nervous stride lou gehrig cornered miller huggins ask playing job purpose joe lou talk quiet reserved grin eyes face pale tan figure wilted blue pin stripe suit joe mc glanced sharply lou sure corner sit knew coming ago fans clamoring lou team mc say big fellow plays wants play joe knew light sweat lou forehead preamble directly talked lou mind joe began terrible helping team string games run mean fair boys stay base
smiling scrubbed black girl waves hand teacher neat simple classroom broad shouldered african goggles coveralls works carefully complicated machinery herds wild elephants broad open valleys african villagers tribal dance forest clearing africa portrayed today books continent books influence non africans view understood continent books attempts explain non africans think important africa look continent book takes slightly approach concern mainly outsiders think important africa attempts describe important africans words tries look africa inside million live africa gain living soil africans live small villages vast interior feel real loyalty central governments unable read write important family friends religion respect health wealth mean africans americans words mean thing africans americans africa times large united states
movie africa american camera crew war ii hollywood discovered continent producers camera crew filming location team spot equator kenya took pictures rushes home spot looked likely map hollywood producers startled find film showed desert scrubland jungle movie executives fumed camera crew travel thousand miles original location find jungle hollywood considered typically african mix shows incorrect american attitudes africa hollywood producers fairly fuzzy notions typically african picked notions local movie theaters watching tarzan swings jungle tree slogs soupy swamp films prompted mistake africa hollywood studio africa exists actually real africa lot exciting africa imaginings largest continent africa larger wider varied caught movie screen africa occupies earth total land surface
safest sum african say difficult sum simple phrase pick statement statement concerns africans likely qualified series ifs ands buts consider simple population continent experts tell africa total population million reason experts don exactly live continent nearest thousand poor roads hinder census takers areas distrust part local residents hinders result africa population figures rough estimates sake argument let say million figure let examine millions africa fairly heavily settled continent ways ways begin africa occupies earth entire land surface tenth population compare fractions african continent nearly congested areas contrast say indian subcontinent africa actually fairly roomy statement needs qualified bit
differ villagers tropical southern africa social live groups groups share experiences ways togetherness arises partly need protection hostile west african proverb sums situation tree wind break tropical southern africa main windbreaker family times crisis families africans turn africa family individual comes reason villagers taught importance family birth african villager birth likely occur hut mud thatch babies african infant lives peopled familiar faces father mother brothers sisters nuclear family family core child grows older number family faces increases rapidly child reached age expected kinfolk aunts uncles cousins grandparents family circle wider father wealthy practice polygyny taking wives tropical southern africa follows custom reserved afford feed extra mouths
hurried door closed sat table tragic wreck thanksgiving turkey heads turned regretfully young folks laughter hall hear elevator open shut gay voices sinking swiftly beneath floor left facing room suddenly quiet disappointment mary mrs garfield portwood missed young roomers disappointment portwood young folks green mary challenging green shucks don green wait minute portwood pushing table don talking talking mary chillun dance talking bout shoulda don green let portwood getting mrs garfield tuning lie understand live ole lying woman anyway contentious talking bout don bout green meeting green folks dam station twenty sit sit mary placing hand heavy cut glass decanter wide noise mouth
group townspeople stood station siding kansas town awaiting coming night train twenty minutes overdue snow fallen thick pale starlight line bluffs wide white meadows south town soft smoke colored curves clear sky siding stood foot hands thrust deep trousers pockets overcoats open shoulders screwed cold glanced southeast railroad track wound river shore conversed low tones moved restlessly uncertain expected company looked knew exactly conspicuously walking end platform returning station door pacing track chin sunk high collar overcoat burly shoulders drooping forward gait heavy dogged presently approached tall spare grizzled clad faded grand army suit shuffled group advanced deference craning neck forward angle jackknife quarters open reckon goin pretty late tonight jim remarked squeaky falsetto
george babbitt prosperous citizens zenith motor car poetry tragedy love heroism office pirate ship car perilous excursion ashore tremendous crises dramatic starting engine slow cold mornings anxious whirr starter drip ether cocks cylinders interesting lunch chronicle drop drop orally calculate drop cost morning darkly prepared find wrong felt belittled mixture exploded sweet strong car didn brush door jamb gouged splintery bruisings fenders backed garage confused shouted morning sam doppelbrau cordiality intended babbitt green white dutch colonial house block chatham road left residence samuel doppelbrau secretary excellent firm bathroom fixture jobbers comfortable house architectural manners large wooden box squat tower broad porch glossy paint yellow yolk babbitt disapproved mrs doppelbrau bohemian house midnight music obscene laughter neighborhood rumors bootlegged whisky fast motor rides
times try souls summer soldier sunshine patriot crisis shrink service country stands deserves love thanks woman tyranny hell easily conquered consolation harder conflict glorious triumph obtain cheap esteem lightly dearness heaven knows put proper price goods strange celestial article freedom highly rated britain army enforce tyranny declared tax bind cases whatsoever bound manner slavery thing slavery earth expression impious unlimited power belong god superstition living secret opinion god almighty give military destruction leave unsupportedly perish earnestly repeatedly sought avoid calamities war decent method wisdom invent infidel suppose relinquished government care devils grounds king britain look heaven help common murderer highwayman house breaker pretence
arrival upper store found occupied white trader companion handsome seminole young woman father prince white captain chief seminoles part family number ten twelve encamped orange grove stores lately hunt white trader soon arrival delivered goods storehouses companion gained father law camp soon forests hunting trading flying camps seminoles unhappy connections beautiful savage think north carolina stout genteel bred active heroic amiable disposition industry honesty engaging manners gained affections indians soon fortune traffic seminoles unfortunately met charmer married indian manner loves sincerely possesses perfection person render happy features beautiful manners engaging innocence modesty love stranger action movement powerful graces artfully played beguiled vanquished lover unhappy slave drained possessions dishonestly distributes savage relations
common expedients savages occasions put nerves victims severest proofs hand matter indian pride betray yielding terror pain prisoner provoke enemies acts violence soonest produce death warrior known bring sufferings speedy termination taunting reproaches reviling language found physical system giving agony sufferings produced hellish ingenuity eclipse infernal devices religious persecution happy expedient taking refuge ferocity foes passions denied deerslayer peculiar notions duty white stoutly mind endure preference disgracing color sooner young understand liberty commence boldest forward sprang arena tomahawk hand prepared throw dangerous weapon object strike tree victim head absolutely hitting hazardous experiment known exceedingly expert weapon allowed enter lists early death interfere expected entertainment
idea present american phraseology clothe abolition phraseology unconditional universal enfranchisement black union liberty mockery retain slavery condition fact slave individual master slave society holds liberty privilege mercy mob means protecting objected pressing negro suffrage premature let slavery abolished let labor organized natural course events suffrage extended negro agree constitution human mind disregards conviction forced revelation truth requires exercise higher power produce conviction afterward american tears shenandoah run blood blood north richmond blood england north shed sons brothers fathers feel existence rebellion judgements terrible widespread reaching overwhelming abroad land feel view judgements disposition learn righteousness
compliance request friend mine wrote east called garrulous simon wheeler inquired friend friend leonidas smiley requested hereunto append result lurking suspicion leonidas smiley myth friend knew personage conjectured asked wheeler remind infamous jim smiley bore death exasperating reminiscence tedious useless design succeeded found simon wheeler dozing comfortably barroom stove dilapidated tavern decayed mining camp angel noticed fat baldheaded expression winning gentleness simplicity tranquil countenance roused gave told friend mine commissioned inquiries cherished companion boyhood named leonidas smiley rev leonidas smiley young minister gospel heard resident angel camp added wheeler tell rev leonidas smiley feel obligations simon wheeler backed corner blockaded chair sat reeled monotonous narrative follows paragraph
stood railroad bridge northern alabama looking swift water twenty feet hands wrists bound cord rope closely encircled neck attached stout crosstimber head slack fell level knees loose boards laid sleepers supporting metals railway supplied footing executioners private soldiers federal army directed sergeant civil deputy sheriff short remove temporary platform officer uniform rank armed captain sentinel end bridge stood rifle position known support say vertical front left shoulder hammer resting forearm thrown straight chest formal unnatural position enforcing erect carriage body duty occurring centre bridge merely blockaded ends foot planking traversed sentinels sight railroad ran straight forest hundred yards curving lost view doubtless outpost farther bank stream open ground gentle acclivity topped stockade vertical tree trunks loop holed rifles single embrasure protruded muzzle brass cannon commanding bridge
fall war cold fall milan dark early electric lights pleasant streets looking windows game hanging shops snow powdered fur foxes wind blew tails deer hung stiff heavy empty small birds blew wind wind turned feathers cold fall wind mountains hospital afternoon ways walking town dusk hospital ways alongside canals crossed bridge canal enter hospital choice bridges woman sold roasted chestnuts warm standing front charcoal fire chestnuts warm afterward pocket hospital beautiful entered gate walked courtyard gate side funerals starting courtyard hospital brick pavilions met afternoon polite interested matter sat machines difference
december bright frozen early morning country negro woman head tied red rag coming path pinewoods phoenix jackson small walked slowly dark pine shadows moving side side steps balanced heaviness lightness pendulum grandfather clock carried thin small cane umbrella tapping frozen earth front grave persistent noise air meditative chirping solitary bird wore dark striped dress reaching shoe tops equally apron bleached sugar sacks full pocket neat tidy took step fallen shoelaces dragged unlaced shoes looked straight ahead eyes blue age skin pattern numberless branching wrinkles tree stood middle forehead golden color ran underneath knobs cheeks illumined yellow burning dark red rag hair neck frailest ringlets black odor copper
thought young worked according nationality spanish father grandfather uncles sugar business definite rule believed law thought times listened father family talk business heard complain bitterly cigar business dishonorable trade cursed moment took surprise especially regard father rare visits store wonderful place broad rich looking nickel plated counter neatly stacked bright colored boxes cigars shining hookahs lighters top floor white tile inside wall store mirror customers seen dressed booming voices rich gold chains full stomachs canes gloves hands air wealth strength store remembered father vehement denunciations cigar business let raise blood face shame correct intense spanish permit sons business yes let
born harlem thirty ago began plotting novels learned read story childhood usual bleak fantasy dismiss restrained observation certainly consider living days mother exasperating mysterious habit babies born took hand held book children suffered kind deny read uncle tom cabin tale cities fact read hands bible book encouraged read confess wrote deal professional triumph case effort mine seen print occurred age twelve thereabouts short story written spanish revolution won sort prize extremely short lived church newspaper remember story censored lady editor don remember outraged wrote plays songs received letter congratulations mayor la poetry
ideals poetry accepted longer radical controversial free verse preferred technique poets imagism distinct movement longer existed minor influence significant traditional forms continued course robinson published philosophical lyrics narrative poems written flexible definite metrical patterns robert frost pursued called lover quarrel verse forms conventional poet vision tone highly individual personal metaphysical poetry employing meter rhyme achieved notable distinction artistry edna st vincent millay countee cullen paul engle elinor wylie twentieth century era rapid breathless change fashions arts change generation decade inevitably carried period constant variables decade imprimatur special focus thirties social consciousness political awareness gave special impetus american poetry marxist radicalism labor struggle depression menace fascism determined form content literature period left wing critics defined role poet propagandist spokesman poet voice inarticulate masses championing oppressed victims unjust social order
american poetry present exhibits creative energy variety styles themes earlier decades century poets continue experiment form language poetry increasingly free structure increasingly realistic subject matter open forms free verse poetry definite metrical pattern characteristic mode period outstanding poets meter rhyme experimental contemporaries influenced rhythms textures natural speech prosodic requirements prevalent feeling poets today areas human experience poetry materials past considered mundane poetry worst offensive improper freely preceding centuries critics poets concerned problem vocabulary poetry poetic diction slang coarse expressions common recent poetry approved arbiters literary taste major british poets shakespeare william blake frequently limits elegance refinement william wordsworth nineteenth century england held poetry written language common scottish poet robert burns dialect folk expressions poems scottish gerard manley hopkins late nineteenth century england frequently employed terms workaday outmoded words
sign freeway rocky beach mile dan grabow swung inexpensive sedan banked arc turn moment later caught glimpse town roof tops sparkling colorfully early morning sunlight countless tall loose eucalyptus trees shivered gently light land breeze lay ocean greenish blue dotted occasionally white triangle sail hard imagine handsome town trouble reason dan grabow thirty grabow handled lot trouble gray begun streak brown hair ears surprisingly condition medium height solidly built mouth held unlighted panatela strong eyes unkindly restless uncompromising air case hardened cop cop seventeen sign speed limit miles police car cruised leisurely town morning watch loop checking job dan thought patrol car road clear seat dan picked pistol prepared opportunity stuck sun visor tramped throttle passed patrol car fifty miles hour
beginning century thousands gold seekers streaming northward rich gold strikes alaska idea gold home imaginations stirred snow covered mountains vast wilderness promise adventure unsettled region stayed alaska home adventurers tony dimond later alaska foremost statesmen twenty penniless tony arrived valdez alaska coldest winters history set train pack horses crossed jagged chugach mountains reached snowed tents shacks klutina city waited prospectors break weather wild yell tent end snow bound mosquito avenue strike delta walt cooley gold gold thicker dust dakota plains delta strike camp suddenly electric excitement disregarding terrifying cold gold seekers rushed greet gaunt bearded stumbled klutina city newcomer walt cooley huddled steaming mug coffee trying answer scores questions shot crowded jess morton makeshift restaurant sure saw cooley emphatically staked twenty claims froze tight
hurricane audrey roared gulf coast summer physician marshland town cameron population southwestern corner louisiana cecil william clark thirty ran community medical center twelve bed hospital dr clark confident brick house ride storm worried frame clinic building brick veneer bedfast patients leaving youngest children home maid dr clark wife sybil nurse set soon evacuate hospital nurses patients audrey ahead forecasters schedule piling unexpectedly high tide wind lashed rising water covered road blocked dr clark car turned took wife home tried neighbor pickup failed managed telephone order clinic helped deputy sheriffs boats nurses patients safety solidly built parish courthouse dr clark tried walk home waist deep water forced shelter concrete block house ten hours passed water subsided messenger word dr clark needed courthouse packed hundreds survivors injured ill clark sloshed courthouse dressing wounds administering sedatives giving antitetanus penicillin shots supplies salvaged clinic
feet dark texas skies air force lieutenant james edward obenauf split death decision jet falling outboard engine boiling flame scattering red hot pieces steel wing fuselage navigator bailed nose compartment pilot copilot obenauf squeezing catwalk nose ready jump looked froze lying unconscious chute pack navigator instructor major joseph maxwell wind roared open trap door obie obenauf hurriedly searched maxwell parachute body weakened lack oxygen find chute looked maxwell felt awful strong urge leave gee battle fight obie turned twenty high school father ten month boy father child turned crawled rear cockpit took control airplane chance able fly safety hooked mask saving oxygen system dove bomber lower altitude maxwell die anoxia plexiglas canopy jettisoned attempt bail plane knifed ahead knots obie face seared sharp degree wind whipped dust bits wire insulation
bottom sea workshop rickety diving dress safety valves telephone fifty feet water coast lower california loved place sunny summer thirty countries sailed seas trod continents bottom sea covering fifths continent finally chose twenty found looked lot water drifted head heads dive crew don feel taking lives hands dive pedestrian feels risking neck crosses street filled moving automobiles suppose courage business deep sea diving occurs word means valor battlefield sacrifice wars peace business courage simply keeps logic working recklessness operate ordinarily termed irrationality
late saturday ruby cook served breakfast dining room reading sports section morning paper table heard mother house pretended hear morning annoyed wasn treated baby annoying treated eighteen hal cheerfully sleep dear ran hand blond hair short bristled hard brush rubbed wrong sure mother gazed fondly big kid tall wide shouldered features game season today sounded glad tell glad telephone rang left room stared window sky blue sun shafted brightly laying precise shadows bare maples big yard perfect football carol mother called took going telephone carol wait knew looking girl highland high wait indefinitely captain highland football team class president honor roll going college caldwell suburb highland city
john tucker lay listened rain dripping eaves clock dark lifted face cold october wind blew open window real foul morning cold sloppy ten minutes working wet bottom rowboat grinned happily thinking tuck boy re feeling habit waking sue called feeling feet tall raring maybe country maybe chow didn liked check thought hundred bucks enos cash box downstairs charge lift thought revolvers gun cabinet charge grinned feet money guns taking cared rot rust needs money pulled light chain hopped bed corner standing flatfooted reached wall hand careful mark wallpaper fingernail mark look grown inch
husband cris brooks range wild uninhabited mountains northern alaska motion picture caribou stay adopted wolves tried raise pets experience eskimos wolves den puppies weeks penned night roamed tundra boundless expanse flowing thousands square miles uninhabited eskimo families camped ninety miles wolves began teach wolf nature disappointed submissive dogs charmed graceful sensitive intelligent dogs pals question minds turn warning trigger lady pups stronger october half grown weighed sixty pounds began feel uneasy trigger especially mystified lordly handsome gray wolf sidelong sister lady black wolf gay fearless utterly straightforward shyness hid native intelligence lady wolf chose play trigger cris wolf rare strange companionship grew males passed trigger growl
owl light september forest stillness vermilion creek filled strange stir rustle scurrying feet furtive movement skilled prowlers steady unheeding scuttle hurrying forms woods witnessing rare occurrence overland march company beavers watercourse hazardous undertaking attempted peril end night days steady march fifty miles area coyotes wolves minks bobcats roamed chances winning hope lay human intelligence beaver clan special sagacity ahmeek leader ahmeek instinctively direction follow unavoidable detours held course early risen moon saw descending hardwood slope followers straggling footsore waddling exhausted owls hooted soared gathering dark dry leaves twigs crunched unheeded beneath feet ahead stream ahmeek instinct told pressed redoubled speed need water outward agonizing half hour vermilion creek sight glinting quicksilver moonlight downward heedless rush ahmeek herded followers
live forget morning looked saw san sebastian floating quietly window morning early summer sea calm silvery sign storm night woken times night hear waves thundering shore wild wind neighing house nights wished live whitewashed cottage ancestors lived hundreds perched height connemara shore faced west full atlantic gales front door stay firmly shut half sheltered mean east wind peaked mountain called minaun means kid goat peaks looked budding horns rocky fields stretched house rough lane twisted road ran foot mountain owned nearly thirty acres fields poor took endless labor living help neighbor bartley folan managed bartley surely neighbor father pat hernon lost currach ago live
manuel asleep sit place stirred opened eyes neighbors asked softly yes late tell brig want knowing thing studied moment help hesitated answer direct question fumbled clothes boy close lay pillows flushed brown eyes shone feverish light stretched hand opened suddenly palm upward started disgust lying hand glowing dully soft light oil lamp gold pieces bigger pennies thick watched pushed hand boy valuable explain nearly connemara miserably poor easily deeply insulted offer money wealthy buy drink connemara likely buy dare eye refuse brought proud tradition father bartley manuel offered sackful gold think scornful
flashed stile field stone catapult dimness moonlight dark patch shadow crouching rock hid assassin agony climb stile stand poised top full view jumped ground field hands clammy sweat looked wildly left bolted field midge tormented colt flung stile bartley yard breath coming short gasps shot bartley kitchen flung door shut door looked room mrs folan stood wild entrance sock knitting trailing hand happened asked told help bartley fight whalers manuel wants want manuel hiding won let mrs folan calmly quarrel suppose bartley farran rope gallon oil
story setting subway hour past morning girl supper party manhattan supper half hearted offer home amiably refused accustomed pushing competently crowds downtown thought untimely jaunt darkest brooklyn dreary alarming disquiet shortly deserted train stop boarded forbidding ruffians middle drunk companions practically carrying dangling legs curious detachment scarecrow heroine eying ruffians distaste realized middle fixed bleary eye nervously direction gaze saw wrist defiantly visible bracelet watch chain diamonds hastily drew sleeve slight pretense looking car corner eye reconnoitered true slouched friends looking corner eyes wary companions looking heart sank soon station suppose
nearly finished sandwiches brought looking cafeteria table beheld millicent standing line arnold bushweiler front steam counter bite remained unchewed observed happy president student council arnold evidently terrifically amusing millicent threw head laughter picture advertisement ronnie swallowed mouthful sandwich hard lump formed throat determinedly refrained looking surprise heard millicent voice directly mind join asked free country replied appalling unaccountable words heard left paralyzed gazed condemned executioner looked startled laughed set tray merely send tops juke boxes trillion dollars cover handling postage broke heavy immoderate laughter arnold bushweiler sat side table laughing laughter ronnie help recognizing higher order elevated situation plane ronnie felt despairingly arnold millicent
called vallambrosa apartment house apartment house composed fashioned brown stone front residences welded parlor floor side gay wraps headgear modiste lugubrious sophistical promises grisly display painless dentist room dollars week twenty dollars vallambrosa roomers stenographers musicians brokers shopgirls space rate writers art students wire tappers lean banister rail doorbell rings treatise vallambrosians meaning disrespect clock afternoon hetty pepper floor rear room vallambrosa nose chin sharply pointed usual discharged department store working fifteen cents purse tendency features finely chiseled hetty thumbnail biography climbs flights stairs walked biggest store morning seventy girls applying job waist department counter phalanx wage earners formed bewildering scene beauty carrying total mass blond hair sufficient justified horseback gallops hundred lady godivas
thursday january evening cold raining delahantys sat close living room fireplace delehanty built desk working schedule mrs delahanty sofa reading crosswise wing chair fourteen daughter crescent cress apparently studying program folk dance festival evening part program saw infinitely graceful moving figures dance difficult master high school folk dancing class kinds performers natural ability elected class language physical education department remedials remedials class willy effort counteract defects ranging antisocial attitudes miss ingols gym teacher called general lack grace cress achieved class final classification midterm outgrown remedial part festival numbers program tsiganotchka ladies whim meitschi putz di hiawatha fix cress beautiful road isles mary lou hawkins chrystal connor zelma maybury bernadine deivers crescent delahanty took part
pap won cold mom put heavy wool cap head huh ye say grandpa asked holding big hand cupped ear catch sound wait gloves mom hollering real loud grandpa ear mom forgotten gloves raised big bare hand ear catch sound mom voice don em grandpa won ketch cold mom didn pay attention grandpa gloves anyway grandpa turned saw looking yer ma puttin clothes kill grandpa laughed coarse laugh march wind pine tops words started laughing grandpa words thought laughing laughed pleased grandpa think laughed funny laughing dressed looked picture santa claus grandpa cheeks cherry red santa claus cheeks covered white thin beard eyes white eyebrows white percoon petals longer grandpa wearing heavy wool suit hung loosely big body fit tightly waist big round flour barrel
dull dark soundless autumn clouds hung oppressively low heavens passing horseback singularly dreary tract country length found shades evening drew view melancholy house usher glimpse building sense insufferable gloom pervaded spirit say insufferable feeling unrelieved half pleasurable poetic sentiment mind receives sternest natural images desolate terrible looked scene mere house simple landscape features domain bleak walls vacant windows rank sedges white trunks decayed trees utter depression soul compare earthly sensation properly dream opium bitter lapse everyday hideous dropping veil iciness sinking sickening heart unredeemed dreariness thought goading imagination torture aught sublime paused think unnerved contemplation house usher mystery insoluble grapple shadowy fancies crowded pondered
easy story road tender casual feet meadows let warn hard soul sunless eyes inception catastrophe end act incredible violence tells barely blind deaf dumb lived puritan sea towns strain austere moribund act unbelievable town longer puritan yankee betrayed outpost portuguese islands blind cobbler portuguese st michael western islands boaz negro happy unquenchable exuberance lived arose morning vast uncontrollable gestures stout arms shop singing voice strong deep chest emanated rolled doorway street fishermen morning lounging smoking wharfs boaz sit shop town cobbler shop club sees interior dimly thronged sit benches watching artisan hours talk
lived city vladimir young merchant named aksenof shops house aksenof ruddy complexion curly hair jolly fellow singer young drink tipsy turbulent marriage ceased drinking occasionally spree summer aksenof going nizhni fair bid family wife ivan dmitrievitch today dream dreamed misfortune befell aksenof laughed afraid spree fair wife afraid strange dream coming home town took hat looked head gray aksenof laughed means luck going bring rich remembrances bade family farewell set half journey fell merchant acquaintance stopped tavern night took tea sleep adjoining rooms aksenof care sleep awoke middle night order start cool aroused driver bade harness smoky hut settled account landlord started
read thrilling stories hero limited live short twenty hours interested discovering doomed chose spend days hours speak course free choice condemned criminals sphere activities strictly delimited stories set thinking wondering similar circumstances events experiences associations crowd hours mortal beings happiness find reviewing past regrets thought excellent rule live die tomorrow attitude emphasize sharply values live gentleness vigor keenness appreciation lost stretches constant panorama days months course adopt epicurean motto eat drink merry chastened certainty impending death stories doomed hero saved minute stroke fortune sense values changed appreciative meaning permanent spiritual values
june supposed undoubtedly longest prime minister comforting visit leaving downhearted pessimistic office visitor general charles de raised maddening political questions late hour displayed interest phases invasion affect free french informed exact target details weather session evening attended agreed delayed longer final decisive conference set morning meeting full knowledge decision postponement twenty hours endanger entire expeditionary force hand cancellation meant complete rescheduling invasion weeks months later summer duty frightful decision belonged general eisenhower knowing idea passing mind goes remarked afterward dozens persons claim credit goes wrong blame fifteen minutes going meeting damp morning june general ike historic staggering decision decision barring death
autumn packard sedan abdul aziz ibn saud king saudi arabia making pilgrimage mecca blew tire majesty sat sand wait fixed waiting shepherd camel rode unaware speaking asked king ibn saud replied king passed expected soon asked shepherd wanted heard mecca want give money pilgrimage replied shepherd dismounting opening bag gold pieces keeps emergencies king fished handful shepherd stared moment looked king thanks abdul azia recognize face generosity ibn saud encounter shepherd typical king country arabia half size europe times size texas differs portions globe particulars arabia instance enjoy dubious blessings cinema popular press free ibn saud face familiar subjects king alfred
write ten minutes fast stopping ponder thought put comes mind comes write comes mind started look front window begin describing let wander subject feeling idea writing ten minutes filled large notebook sized page remember hitting practice shots write bad dull object save writing produce reading book manila filing folder revise look paragraphs pages combined expanded stronger passes words differently learn student wrote ten minutes haven gotten dull routine school feel sleep morning wake naturally things naturally empty stomach full bladder haven seen half tv shows seen don look horribly bad funny weekends worst tv weekdays aunt hospital lately cousins
building dingy opened doors older odor hit smelled group closely afraid quiet solitary place walked halls peeking corner cautiously bump open door saw faces bodies beds sitting looking windows holding dolls silently humming couldn understand end die torture pleasure thought slight tour building stopped eat sack lunches food didn taste dried molded couldn erase feeling bathrooms provided god prayed live clocks move suddenly walking sun deck found grabbing bony fingers clutched arm afraid imagined bones cutting flesh wanted jerk looked face stared eyes young things seen reflected friends saw coming understood big tear clear loved tried rise clumsy bars wouldn let knew die
writers meet readers read sentences wastebaskets find full bad starts complete misses write discard bad tries forget benjamin franklin helped thomas jefferson write declaration independence skillfully revised document told anecdote jefferson journeyman printer companions apprentice hatter served open shop concern handsome signboard proper inscription composed words john thompson hatter makes sells hats ready money figure hat subjoined thought submit friends amendments shewed thought word hatter tautologous words makes hats shew hatter struck observed word makes omitted customers care hats mind buy whomsoever struck thought words ready money useless custom place sell credit purchased expected pay parted inscription stood john thompson sells hats sells hats says friend
love keeps saying loves repetition beautiful dislike keeps saying loves repetition unbearable places moments don want told loved heartbeat repetitious slightly irregular liveliness monotonous recorded laboratory repetition comfort bore clarify confuse astound outrage consider repetitions think ethel rebelling refused follow suggestion rebelling ability recover ability heal ability retain youth lost youth fighting fighting lost clog passage emphasize needs emphasized professional writer reads aloud hears repetitions eyes beginner professional need find ways getting inside writing hearing objectively listen repetitions easily detected writer surprised find weak didn intend valuable flags indicating failures surrenders didn notice missed weaknesses read passage aloud find weak repetition help spot weaknesses specific aspects speech question answer period
sneaked room waited heard light thud stairs floor creaked dress hangers swung squeakily door opened closed counted ten held breath listened soft shuffling sound darkened room mine squeak springs shrill cry click spurt choked sobbing began light rapid thuds sounded floor door slammed footsteps pounded stairs sound crept bedroom stairway holding feet stuck head bars leaned ledge room bottom stairs dark saw light shining kitchen hear disturbed mumble irreglar sobs head feeling heavy position didn let hear talk inched bed hearing didn think suzie act smart big sister sissy type upset dead bird pillow soft smelly part rotted found bird delicate spine skull feathers sticking neck liked pink purple colors liked
pitcher orange drink fell refrigerator trickled floor creeping tile meets green living room carpet hate orange pop makes think church picnics abundance sweet nectar junk kids consume gallon end vomiting end dwarfed tree corner baseball field champ intermingled bottles orange drink cups soft white ice cream slid throat tenth chunks plaster paris shoveled ran races won course delight ego sorrow stomach splash creek half dozen mrs sunday school sweethearts couldn plunging muddy creek walking narrow branches stretched bank bank missed fun sick end remember clinging trunk small friend watching fat bald shirtless loudly oppose young boys softball women squealed flabby forms puffing base threw ten bottles orange pop gravy downed lumpy ice cream
person writing learns play part reader writes achieves flow thought sentence sentence philosopher george herbert mead observed talks writes playing mind role sense recognizes christopher robin saying writer honest reader stick thoughts feelings drives thoughts reader writes insane outfielder fielded hit base threw ball generally direction infield ignoring positions teammates ball hit outfield infielder runs ball relay throw outfielder fielding infielder covering base runner heading infielders base stop ball throw missed infielders positions ready intercept relay throw decide chance throw hitter base runner base george herbert mead says player going order carry play
eat meals food mother bought sleep bed family bought wear clothes bought times doubt movies eaten pizza shops visited doctor dentist bus subway ride words consumer goods services consumer think consumer infants small children money consumers notice advertising directed children makers products children parents buy products children smallest child consumer consumer user goods services buys goods instance clothier buys clothes buys services dry cleaner clothes cleaned goods things buy food notebooks pocket radios automobiles services tasks actions performed persons organizations education medical care bus rides producers goods services spend hundreds millions dollars yearly advertising kinds direct advertising consumer producer goods services needs consumer buy produces instances producers goods providers services business profit
today consumer finds increasingly complex confusing walks store buy faces challenge varied items display suit needs income newspaper magazine advertisements seldom decisions easier television radio commercials advertisement commercial tries convince buy brand product product claims find swayed buy brand solely contest coupon offer put bait grown problems live daily granted fact think things century revolution buying selling housewife today stores say merchandising changed amazingly instance supermarkets buy food family housewife small specialty store store greeted shopkeeper chatted minutes told wanted set filling order grocer cut pound butter large block butter wooden tub
advertisements commercials say pay attention absolutely effect put sleep think moment amount advertising engulfs direction daily influence honestly feel television radio commercials reach magazine billboard advertisements turn advertisers waste lot money effort trying advertising affect let cereal breakfast champions promise perfume give candy melts mouth hands coffee drop airline makes going breath freshener asks kissed kiss soft drink things soft drink un cola advertising catchwords recognize able identify products services say advertisements commercials turn advertising trains guns consumer advertisers confident influence buying habits consumers total expenditure united states advertising risen billion billion staggering amount money spent trying influence millions consumers
makes credit buying attractive easy payments arrangement car instance costs lot money credit manager explains pay twenty easy monthly payments lump sum decide buy happens family easy payments longer easy uncommon occurrence families expenses large income families money emergency situations case unemployment caused illness wage earner lead credit problems legal complications let happened longer meet payments john marone jersey longshoreman bought dining room set paying monthly installments owed hurt job laid missing payments john defaulted installment contract finance company repossessed dining room set color television set bought installment buys credit aware case default failure payments finance company legal repossess item bought credit sell pay debt
wedge pizza cost dime quarter price favorite magazine doubled trip beauty parlor put bigger dent pocketbook ago bus fare quarter jumped forty cents things serve remind prices going month united states department labor reports consumer prices nation purpose bureau labor statistics studies prices food housing clothing transportation health recreation goods services comparing current prices fixed past experts tell happened cost living sampling department labor chosen base period putting calls consumer price index means average prices period standard measuring today prices comparison easier number represent price level base period index number greater means prices risen index number mean prices experience prices takes money buy things
family stand principal wage earner loses job dies ill main problems facing family circumstances economic security provided weekly paycheck suddenly evaporates family faced problem provide basic needs meet fixed expenses head household anticipate problems taking insurance soon establishes family begins earn income support family head household buys insurance policy earning power means protecting survivors economic hardship amount kind insurance protection family needs family close look reveals family needs stage marriage young adult development major goal chief concerns education job training largely supported family needs money things clothing recreation personal care begins think marriage put money future home family newly married couple faces challenge setting home buy furniture household necessities wife continues wives days income helps family establish expenses high newlyweds try save money future needs
usa live wealthiest country vast supplies natural resources iron ore oil farmland coupled industrial agricultural system based mechanisation automation give high standard living americans believe resources means call free enterprise competition individuals private companies exploit resources wary government interference lives recent federal government washington increasingly extended control important aspects lives health welfare education industrial relations civil rights important sectors economy energy resources soviet union remarkable progress revolution terms industrial power usa benefit advanced educational social services order reach position ussr adopted method free enterprise usa important difference lies part played government series plans controls industry agriculture soviet union deciding production targets wages prices country factories farms shops owned owned privately control economy entirely successful free enterprise soviet union advanced industrial nation vast majority enjoy low cost housing free medical services pension schemes educational system
march willy brandt west german leader historic visit east germany meet prime minister east germany talks leaders important fact met meeting leaders germanies marked real breakthrough attempts solve main areas tension communist capitalist worlds germany especially berlin area confronted reason number crises end war end war germany divided occupation zones soviet american british french allies hoped country run joint administration victors soon began quarrel capital germany berlin divided sectors lay inside soviet zone communications berlin soviet occupied germany half berlin island surrounded sides communist controlled germany situation annoyed stalin soviet leader decided put pressure western sector berlin blocking land routes road rail berlin west hoped lay seige west berlin force western powers hand berlin control known berlin blockade western powers withdrawn west berlin tried force blockade run risk war
speech president carter sums major change american foreign policy vietnam war brought usa foreign policy dominated fear communism spreading led america forming wide system alliances intervening protect free communism led defending governments unpopular corrupt dictatorships policy grief south east asia carter speech official recognition america changing role policeman undoubtedly ending war vietnam easier usa establish closer relations ussr china vietnam war obviously left scars country major task communist government overcome misery devastation wars caused major political south supported government south political prisoners special camps re education war saigon population increased million government begun reduce moving villages occupied economic zones effort restore country agriculture large number south vietnamese fled country asian countries america war vietnam closed country western journalists allowed country description comes journalist allowed restricted visit description effects war asian country
china continued independent line ussr border issue publicity china china claiming parts mile border forced russia century treaties chairman hua entirely share mao hatred ussr dealings meetings held river rights disputed zone reduce tension area allow china concentrate resources improving china economic power china intent modernising outdated equipment chinese army air force border areas chinese forces confronted equipped soviet forces numbers increased troops drawn warsaw pact forces mao death september chairman hua kuo feng continued independent line foreign relations keeping mao aim industrial development reliance china leaders prepared deal terms trade military equipment west november major chinese trade delegation visited britain tour major british industrial companies hawker siddley rolls royce british steel china bought thirty trident airliners interested harrier jump jet tank missiles brought france tank helicopters germany chinese military delegation toured western europe looking modern types weapons china entrance united nations stage criticise ussr soviet disarmament proposals soviet involvement middle east africa
important bilateral agreements usa ussr strategic arms limitation talks known initials salt talks began late reached agreement sides agreed freeze icbms slbms abms agreement talks going feature superpowers continuing american presidents nixon ford carter early major storm controversy arose neutron bomb ussr attacked capitalist bomb bomb capacity kill civilians destroying amounts property usa western europe criticised bomb easier decision move conventional war limited nuclear war nato saw ideal weapon counter threat western europe soviet warsaw pact tank forces faced conflicting arguments president carter partly gesture salt talks going decided abandon bomb press ahead suspend production despite progress step forward difficulties test ban treaty signed china france continued test nuclear weapons atmosphere treaty banning nuclear weapons latin america signed brazil argentina chile non proliferation treaty signed number countries verge nuclear powers israel south africa brazil argentina india pakistan finally salt discussion proving complex progress slow difficult
photograph page shows condition europe devastating war destruction twenty million refugees driven country homes destroyed bombing industry agriculture ruins factories destroyed farm land devastated fighting roads railways bridges destroyed europe mess pick pieces try restore normal major war catastrophe things worst start thinking talking order society prevent disasters happening scale politicians planning united nations europe politicians began talk european unity replace pre war divisions forty twentieth century europe undergone major wars millions killed allowed happen europe forget national hatreds prevent war europe restored economically enjoy prosperity winston churchill wartime leader britain summed mood speech sovereign remedy recreate european family provide structure dwell peace safety freedom build kind united states europe clear united states europe apply europe soon war major division began division europe east west communist non communist
island cyprus belonged turkey britain took government britain turkey greece agreed cyprus independent sovereign republic majority cyprus greek cypriots cent turkish cypriots account cent agreed president cyprus greek cypriot vice president turkish cypriot elected community period unfortunately greek turkish cypriots distrusted arrangement worked violence broke communities un involved attempt stop fighting march un peace keeping force cyprus unficyp stationed island prevent fighting greek turkish cypriots august unficyp job maintaining ceasefire cyprus national guard armed forces turkey invasion cyprus turkish troops setting area turkish control north island unficyp consisted later reduced strengthened result events approximately countries contributing troops police include australia austria canada denmark finland ireland sweden uk costs met governments providing troops government cyprus voluntary contributions un deeply concerned plight refugees invasion un high commissioner refugees appointed un humanitarian efforts help needed help
developed countries supply help form money gifts loans equipment foodstuffs advice training help small real impact suitable needs developing country high technology machinery developing country combine harvester village afford diesel run skilled mechanic service fields small efficient need devise machinery suitable level development country known technology aid offered form tied aid donor country insists conditions aid conditions military political economic developed country loan give developing country sum money condition spends money machinery manufactured donor country country goods cheapest market cases worth asking aiding despite limitations aid proved indispensible developing countries aid comes main sources un help channelled agencies sort aid examining agencies ten smallpox transformed disease problem afflicted ten million annually threat countries disease soon confirmed extinct
began asking taking car friend alanir interested answers asked questions started hitting chance answer subjected twenty minutes kind questioning designed disorientate intimidate kicked groin times succession laid altogether forced questions beatings sudden complete silence left guy heard filling bucket water poured legs floor electrodes fastening toe foot fastened spring clip nipple breast cutting flesh knew electric shock standard torture technique sat table began asking questions question electric shock current increase voltage point producing muscular convulsions thrown floor turn current didn rapidly hands handcuffed wet floor clothes turn current light doses cattle prod soon feet thing questions turning shock increasing voltage thrown floor
january important ceremony took place paris months previously france invaded french armies defeated germans square palace versailles hundreds german soldiers stood motionless cold inside officers dressed blue carrying spiked helmets mounted stairway ranks troops walked famous hall walls lined mirrors end platform erected decorated german regimental flags nearby stood altar twelve clock stir excitement crowded assembly died quickly hushed silence king prussia william entered escorted german princes dukes rustle hymn books clink swords knelt military choir sang let rejoice lord congregation joining praise honour lord clergyman conducted prayers gave sermon simple service soon king walked platform read short statement saying ready emperor german reich empire formed uniting german kingdoms north german confederation south german states chancellor otto von bismarck large dressed blue tunic high boots prussian cavalryman stepped forward proclaimed reich existed moment dukes shouted live majesty emperor answered mighty cheer swords drawn waved bands played german national anthem scene reflected multiplied mirrors thousands hundreds present
britain france war russia claiming determined save ottoman empire overrun russia french british troops attacked eventually captured sebastopol destroyed defences called crimean war checked russian threat french british influence eastern mediterranean terms peace treaty russian warships forbidden enter twenty european situation encouraged russia defy ban france defeated weak franco prussian war britain governed liberal prime minister william gladstone disliked turks cruelty wanted slav peoples free governing russians saw opportunity intervene turkish affairs bulgars staged unsuccessful rebellion sultan victory turks began torture murder christians large scale district christians massacred russians needed tsar armies ottoman empire saying intended free christians turks turkish troops fought outnumbered fierce fighting russian forces captured fortress plevna pleven turks fell russian soldiers pushed snow covered mountains constantinople britain conservative prime minister took view gladstone benjamin disraeli determined russians spread power mediterranean alarmed british fleet dardanelles advancing russians sighted minarets stamboul constantinople masts british warships tsar dilemma
transvaal president paul kruger typical boy experienced trek young fought zulus recently majuba cunning obstinate brave distrusted british dreamed dutch south africa thought throw foreigners country realised uitlanders making transvaal richest poorest south african planned sided policy hand squeezed penny uitlanders taxed income piece machinery equipment imported dynamite bought firm chosen boer government hand determined say government vote originally residence kruger increased fourteen uitlanders saw moving longer stayed kruger attitude unfair understandable uitlanders half male population transvaal ready hand country strangers kruger remarked atmosphere explosive worse activities cecil rhodes prime minister cape colony rhodes son hertfordshire vicar south africa young health reasons convalescence kimberley fortune diamonds wealth pay education oxford returned south africa entered politics money powerful personality tremendous impact
actually allied governments trying find deadlock western front months war enemy territory strongly defended east west securely held southern europe weak austrian turkish armies protect difficult country coastline thought soft underbelly central powers germany austria hungary turkey allies britain france establish bridgehead turkey balkans link russia drive heart europe easiest win war spots suggested invasion salonika greece dardanelles turkey map opposite dardanelles attacked proved difficult expected kilometre stretch landlocked water formed sea marmara dardanelles presented problems coasts bare windswept bays steep cliffs land defended troops commanded german liman von sanders sea infested explosive mines hope dardanelles forced warships destroyed naval attacks abandoned battleships hit mines allied army large number australians zealanders anzacs landed gallipoli peninsula april date known anzac chosen spots labelled beaches british generals occupied easily turks unprepared fiercely defended beach ashore ship river clyde
extent clemenceau supported british lloyd george won general election bitter britain mourning million dead promised germany pay politicians frightened germany anxious gain territory poles freed german russian rule wished reoccupy land owned poland eighteenth century czechs yugoslavs busy forming states habsburg empire likely quarrel frontier lines italian prime minister vittorio emmanuele orlando arrived determined promised secret treaty london page revengeful greedy atmosphere woodrow wilson fourteen points europe exhausted usa powerful nation british french czechs poles italians liked listen american leader usa suffered wilson interested vengeance territory idealist believed opportunity home political experience president lawyer historian head princeton university foreign affairs knew fully understand complicated problem balkans eastern europe finally cheering crowds met convinced ordinary street side listening heart comes authentic throb remarked actually europeans greedy selfish leaders
kemal victory repercussions british plan partition turkey failed mudanya agreement recognised nationalist government greece national mourning constantine forced abdicate turkey leaders disappeared november mohammed vi sultan ottoman family left malta british warship turkey republic saviour kemal leader sevres treaty replaced fairer settlement negotiated lausanne switzerland terms river maritsa declared frontier greece turkey map page gallipoli turks dardanelles left defences custom known capitulations foreign allowed live turkey pay taxes obey laws abolished finally arrangements send home greeks living turkey turks living greece tragic greeks families turkey eighteenth century altogether million greeks turks uprooted kemal unusual dictator ways wished extend boundaries country fought opposite regarded victory war beginning end irritated turkey fashioned ways customs wanted modernise country longer laughed europeans peaceful task energy shown war
problems caused war referred emergency southern ireland hardship german naval blockade british isles included southern ireland difficult question concerned british desire bases eire warships needed escort merchant ships protect attacks german boats churchill british prime minister considered taking ports force felt death struggle german submarines lost british felt bitter matter british sailors taking food southern ireland drowned de refusal allow ports de hand claimed french ports german hands june northern sea route ulster ports atlantic shipping opinion british generals de knew give britain help kind mean end irish neutrality war german invasion denmark holland belgium norway chapter showed irish leader hitler cared rights small countries de gave britain northern ireland help dublin fire brigade fight fires caused german air raid belfast home british airmen sailors stranded ireland victory speech end war churchill attacked de attitude britain laid violent hand southern irish times easy natural left de government frolic german representatives heart content
mussolini friendly nazi germany early days resented nazis imitations fascism thought hitler master race theory nonsense dismissed nazi leader mad clown dislike purely personal german moves austria threatened territories italians claimed territories fought war denied versailles page anglo german naval agreement grievance allowed rearmament forbidden peace settlement mussolini trying holding talks stresa interest britain france alliance germany mussolini invasion abyssinia ethopia october caused uproar britain attempt gain african empire condemned aggression threat british colonial possessions map opposite british government felt action decided try limit amount land italians secret talks british foreign secretary samuel hoare french prime minister pierre laval commenced idea mind news hoare laval pact leaked causing anger sections british public surrender aggression british plan dropped meantime italian troops conquered abyssinia quickly britain adopted tough policy infuriated mussolini drove arms hitler league nations persuaded deny italy vital supplies oil sanctions suggested hitler coal germany proved move process drew dictators
usa managed isolate european turmoil rejected versailles treaty concluded peace germany league nations president harding remarked enter side door door cellar door horrified attitude americans felt pleased opinion fools enter war quarrel suffered heavy losses gained territory usa left large debts allies pay americans felt disillusioned determined caught policy short sighted europe concerned disastrous applied east start modernisation japanese population increased steadily million million later million japan smaller american california plenty infertile mountain ranges leaders felt move empty areas asia nearby map page urge lay conquests chinese russian wars chapter helped lack european competition war japan able increase merchant shipping tonnage million tonnes flood cheap goods textiles able bully china accepting twenty demands virtually satellite japan successive governments attempted check japanese power influence ways
twentieth century began date called western measured christian fashion ad lord knew fact january january supremely unimportant hindus buddhists jews muslims chinese festivals celebrate beginnings exactly began matter christians agree russian calendar thirteen days britain moscow preparing christmas nineteenth century folks glasgow drinking twentieth century matter watches important differences peoples beginning period book cover develop ideas important differences obviously industry technology turn mass produced wristwatches religion mattered unlike today christians prepared accept faith hindus muslims buddhists easily dismissed heathens greater differences begin imagine russians changed julian calendar gregorian calendar western europe greeks serbs romanians suggests isolation separateness peoples countries suggests ways thinking behaving suggests dressed according custom according fashion
growth industry advanced countries west affected ways earned daily bread expectations survival rate children entertainments habits religious observance greatly altered political attitudes beginning change forms government lived industrial revolution farm labourers factory hands developing steam political revolution power political masters kings queens landowners bishops priests fast fading capitalists owned factories mines railways demanded political power match economic power workers employed ambitions industrial employment high wages distinct improvement rural poverty city grim squalid living conditions hours disciplined recruited industry create wealth masters beginning claim share wealth seeking political power thought due political questions live governed industrial societies answered ways reformers wanted improve working conditions factories abolish child labour existed develop social welfare schemes housing city tolerable decent wanted radical saw capitalism exploitation capitalist business profit
inevitably war stimulated application human intelligence development efficient methods killing spectacular development aeroplane wright brothers flown powered machine war transformed primitive kites wood wire canvas range fighting machines distinct purposes scout reconnaissance plane fighter bomber didn realise fly drop things casualties damage caused bombs war extensive history civilian populations front lines battle vulnerable enemy attack british air services muster total primitive aircraft october newly formed raf possess planes fighters reach height metres fire deadly accurate machine guns propellers harass ground troops photograph enemy positions war gave birth branches prefer wings armed forces war sea modern industry added dreadnought class battleships super dreadnoughts super dreadnoughts steel monsters tonnes armed guns hurl high explosive shell fifteen kilometres submarine warfare factories sea powers produced moving sea mines torpedoes sink enemy vessels shipyards built ships replace destroyed submarines damage generals european armies believed open enemy front massive artillery bombardment overwhelming infantry attack
beginning twenties struggle control country russia liberals hopes development system parliamentary government overwhelmed communist seizure power propaganda party claimed held power behalf fact party leaders power carry party programmes matter wanted party tolerated opposition peoples russian say replacement autocracy tsar dictatorship communist party experience call democracy soviet union term democracy support claim serves mass rejects western idea democracy emphasises freedom oppose government states central eastern europe democratic forms government elected parliaments imposed paris peacemakers soon proved unworkable leaders tradition government freely elected parliaments sense duty majorities protect rights property minorities politics struggles power national social groups poles germans serbs croats romanians hungarians peasants landowners peasants middle classes towns struggles violent strongly tinged jews minority found country europe
end chapter noted called sun led successful nationalist revolution china revolution ended rule emperors limit success left hold empire single central authority respect accept chinese republic entered period lawlessness local warlords fought power majority population peasants revolution war misery numbers increased pressure land cultivation increased poorer industry china hands foreign business especially british americans japanese degree foreigners controlled china commercial led sun describe country hypo colony land exploited colony brought formal rule foreign power workers china cities towns deep sense humiliation organised nationalist party able advantage sun chinese national party kuomintang bad early warlord period sun re established president china party actually controlled city canton part kwantung province south able drive north offensive warlords controlled rest china party needed larger organised trained fighting force sun accepted soviet union offer help improve party organisation military training
mid late boom production industrialised countries west france italy germany canada course usa major industrial nation didn enjoy boom britain country older industries longer sales pull markets british railway engines ships coal cheap cloth severe handicap britain depended country export manufactured goods despite general boom nations international trade late reach pre war levels obstacles growth tariff barriers taxes duties imports countries erected protect industries foreign competition expected states central eastern europe policy economic nationalism aim autarky production food basic manufactures goods defence war break depend import vital raw materials manufactures felt inviting strangler put hands round neck saw chapter page paris peace conference failed investigate possibility setting free trade area states price failure high early highly industrialised states czechoslovakia slapped customs duties imported goods hungary romania highest duties textile imports europe bulgaria highest duties manufactured goods
nazi germany going hitler total control anxious germans europe bound affected ill policies government continent central power autumn david lloyd george british prime minister spent weeks germany meeting fuhrer november daily express published article lloyd george headline talked hitler included observations opinions think hitler methods certainly parliamentary country doubt achieved marvellous transformation spirit attitude social economic outlook popularity especially youth germany manner doubt trust young idolise admiration accorded popular leader worship national hero saved country utter despondency degradation george washington germany won country independence oppressors idea germany intimidating europe threat irresistible army march frontiers forms part vision hitler nuremberg true germans resist death invader country longer desire invade land months lloyd george article appeared daily express germany distinguished writers thomas mann letter dean university bonn nazified university stripped mann honorary degree
militant trade unionists formed committee industrial organisation cio aim formation single unions major industry america bring pressure bear employers higher wages working conditions cio members backed roosevelt election gave help pay campaign votes roosevelt re elected trade unionists decided ripe taking powerful enemies america biggest industrial corporations steel ford motor company general motors firestone tire rubber general electric american woolen rest giants walk strikes longer effective trade unionists organised sit downs occupations factories strikers company bosses country responded taking employees payrolls strike breakers striker general motors factory flint inevitable clashes hundred started walking plant calling sit company police thugs sprung shut employment office sprung loose moment fighting fighters rolling floor clubs unarmed starting shooting tear gas saw fellow hit head swung backwards cut head machinery started stagger thugs knocked let couple thugs kind crazy thugs beating employers notably henry ford prepared fight hired hoodlum gave risk pitched battles factories stuffed expensive machinery
number increasing faster faster rate extra million added total population twenty century addition million took ten alive ten saw arrival million mouths feed lived asia europe soviet union africa north america latin america australia zealand compare figures chapter page soon population growing faster americas fact countries latin america number start century europe rate population growth varied enormously french increased numbers russians recorded massive increase million ussr million germany million uk million france million italy european states poland million czechoslovakia yugoslavia million didn mean babies born western countries birth rate going happening fewer babies dying adults living longer general eating food keeping dwellings cleaner effective medical care brought larger numbers sick
title suggests book landscapes parts landscapes forever changing pages look small scale landscape changed recently place moline mining town northern australia shows landscape air flattish area covered woodland moline cluster buildings vast area shows remote empty part northern territories emptiness area partly due weather difficult living north australia months weather hot dry dusty december hot wet seasons problems kinds read quotes local news sheet moline exist main reason moline existence presence ores underground ores lead zinc copper uranium moline ores mined crushed road darwin export ship japan area geologists rock experts constantly exploring reserves ores industry find likely place survey samples ore test quality notice empty natural land looks aborigines area geologists arrived learn kinds natural landscape formed units book
iceland island rock formed volcanic eruptions stands mid atlantic ridge britain greenland south west coast iceland lies heimaey small island inhabitants earn living mainly fishing inhabitants live town island called heimaey early hours morning january suddenly awoke find volcanic eruption taking place giant crack metres opened ground town explosions blasting red hot lava metres air quickly packed hurried harbour fortunately fishing fleet sheltering storm hours safe mainland small force volunteers stayed save property eruption morning volcano growing crack town threatened main dangers weeks millions tonnes lava ash poured volcano move parts town poisonous gasses built volunteers worked windows skylights covered corrugated iron stop volcanic bombs crashing ash quickly cleared roof stop buildings collapsing weight effort stop lava reaching town blocking harbour bulldozers piled huge wall ash divert lava millions gallons seawater sprayed lava front cool solidify
rocks formed molten material cooled solidified called igneous rocks rocks soft pumice granite formed magma cools underground hard building strength required granite carved polished look decorative shown plates sliding past shown movement slow noticed plates stick pressures build eventually plates free jerk shakes violently call movements earthquakes area happens pacific coast effects noticed california find area atlas movements place large cracks earth surface called faults largest california san andreas fault traced thousand kilometres countryside faults cross area massive earthquakes tremor recorded san andreas fault fact largest cities large urban areas found area makes earthquake problem worse earthquake fires destroyed san francisco city fraction size today fifteen million live region affected faults experienced small earthquakes live fear major disaster
food indians eat comes hunting fishing collecting farming thick forest offers wide range game indians hunt blowpipes bows arrows fish caught bows arrows shallower water poisonous bark crushed spread water bark stuns fish making easier gather river worth noting indians learnt poisonous properties plants plant stun fish common insecticide called derris main problems facing indian task clearing thick forest crop growing stone axes comes chopping trees cases fire indians clear forest crop growing small patches destroy trees land massive scale living wrong think amazon basin inhabited primitive indian tribes decades settlers gradually spreading heart forest past rivers offered means communication settlements tended situated rivers navigable exploit rubber trees scattered tropical forest hard parts brazil thought huge unused region provide living fact early riverside settlers recent roadside squatters amazon basin easy
called amazon basin negative area difficult live difficult live help machines inventions ideas amazon basin positive area signs happening japanese shipyard built enormous floating pulp paper mill sail amazon river anchor turn forest trees pulp paper export forest destroyed trees grow clearings forests source valuable raw material resource timber tropical rain forest amazonia selvas vast source timber includes numerous hardwood varieties mahogany demand despite forest remains undeveloped reasons problem trees kind grow stands mixed varieties trees means spent finding trees moving place place collect quantities kind timber feature rain forest trees grow close felling problem hardwood trees wide bottom saw round difficulty platforms built round base trees lumbermen reach narrower trunk higher main difficulty reaching moving trees ground swampy undergrowth dense trees moved rivers ready transportation problem arises wood heavier water float
study deals coal mining strip mining methods obtain minerals iron ore copper mined large iron ore mines similar methods places australia brazil remember unlike forest resources looked unit mineral resources non renewable careful planning needed sure strip mining permanently spoil landscape sure mineral resources quickly main task country feed population increases need grow crops land suitable farming part south east australia climate dry enable crops grown large scale extra water brought areas recent result snowy mountain scheme section look scheme ways led landscape landscape changed found area south eastern australia shown water snowy river stopped flowing south damming diverted west land murray basin irrigated allowing farmers increased yields land scheme purposes firstly needed hydro electric power area supply water towns industries let look area australia happened
buy food equipment home parents need earn money britain britain sells finished goods abroad pay raw materials import goods buying selling goods materials known trade show important exports abroad factory tractor cost millions pounds build equip poor countries afford investment tractor countries attempts improve farming farming improved farmers country wealthier eventually build tractor factory wealthy farmers worthwhile valuable materials traded today oil oil fuel vehicles power stations lubricant industry raw material chemicals plastics fibres goods iron ore oil found parts shows shows kuwait small country shores persian gulf surrounded larger powerful nations kuwait desert country oil discovered living herding sheep goats oasis short comforts kuwaitis true think change kuwait fortunate find valuable resource oil developing oil industry straightforward
saw page cocoa britain imports ghana grown small scale farmers means earn money spend goods produced rich countries discovered efficient ways farming strains crops fertiliser irrigation experts countries help farmers poorer lands improve farms earn produce raw material local industry rich countries help poor financing large scale industrial projects provide goods export volta dam power station ghana try find area atlas volta river valley flooded form lake volta dam lake reservoir power station shipping fishing developments country roads poor short protein power station built provide cheap electricity aluminium smelter large scale industry country ghanaians opportunity earn wages learn industrial skills power spare industry peru oxfam set small schemes help live shanty towns studied page government afford help mentally physically handicapped oxfam money set help schemes shanty dwellers including education mothers methods preparing cheap nutritious food
live prefer place ideal able live ideal environment lucky spend leisure evenings weekends holidays illustrate ideal environments chosen children fortunate found thousands children choice discover ideal young children exciting places quiet active noisy quiet environment feel adults chose environments ideals country live towns cities important build plan aim ideal difficult group dislike intensely towns cities provide places live shop school play routeways enable move easily things need space space limited cities overcrowded problems apply britain british cities planners tried solve problem traffic congestion city centres building huge roads cities birmingham roads help traffic moving easier lorries cars reach business centre city quickly easily price pay
sort occasion delegates elusive mysterious governor seek nomination president anyway adlai stevenson burst applause growing full scale demonstration greeted stevenson appearance rostrum tried heard din words thought greet greet sally brought noise stirred enthusiasm stevenson partisans convention floor bit delegates galleries quieted sat hear speaker say shocked delighted perplexed veteran political observers thing welcoming address seizing opportunity celebrate products beauties host stevenson immediately moved central point vantage city chicago major theme prairies illinois middle west directions look east west north south commerce ideas directions barriers defenses ideas aspirations want want shackles mind spirit rigid patterns thought iron conformity want faith conviction triumph free fair contest nominating conventions took place unhappy era american history republican senator joseph mccarthy wisconsin leading campaign fear hate slander opposing communism
bloomington winter occurred kind sudden unbelievable tragedy happen stevensons giving party teenage friends buffie account happened poignant accurate boys home military academy wanted show manual arms asked adlai considered young party gun rushed excitedly attic father parading drawing room usual showing boys age gun finally returned brother put hall pulled trigger bullet stuck mechanism dislodged gun bullet struck friend ruth merwin forehead died instantly girl mother distant cousin stevensons remarkably sensitive humane person thoughts boy overcome grief inadvertently encouragement mother helped adlai shock fright recuperative powers bring emotional stability merwins stevensons mentioned accident reporters asked directly stevenson discussed recalled episode quietly factually traumatic experience goes saying extent effect mind spirit difficult assess later friend lewis stephensons told buffie mrs ernest ives mother knew tragedy suffering wreck sensitive child deepen strengthen
return europe september stevenson active presidential election vote speak electioneer opportunity presented helped establish cox roosevelt club princeton conviction governor james cox ohio assistant secretary navy franklin roosevelt york likely secure stability freedom wake war senator warren harding ohio governor calvin coolidge massachusetts young stevenson mind candidates important ideas president wilson rightly turned real issue election thirty later addressing generation princetonians adlai stevenson recalled mood earlier wilsonian dream wholly dissolved terrible war safe democracy ended victoriously noble concept league nations emerged chaotic aftermath elemental struggle twilight kings dawn wide democracy optimism boundless proclaimed threshold era universal perpetual peace prosperity didn turn retrospect stevenson justice remembering optimism enthusiasm fact moderated fears ready wilson covenant cox roosevelt defeated saddened surprise young setback temporary soon engrossed personal tasks pleasures
washington san francisco adlai stevenson policy maker duties explain policy makers public simple task basis american policy cooperation wartime allies britain soviet union despite heroic war effort russians popular distrust communism general stalin distrust justified fully shared government leaders view immense share soviet union victory impossible proceed reconstruction collaboration western allies russia stevenson macleish show united nations organization including russians equal partners hope future peace job difficult agreements president roosevelt felt yalta conference stalin churchill giving soviet union votes general assembly russia russia ukraine providing big power veto security council provisions looked roosevelt political opponents signs weakness sellout american interests prestige actually soviet union agreed votes united states american leaders wisely decided demonstration smaller nations claim extra votes united states regardless political party power insisted veto security council russians public opinion divided agitated questions san francisco conference opened stevenson macleish worked night provide background understanding united states policy
governorship wrote adlai stevenson intensive education politics public administration counterparts american public counterpart accident presidents presidential candidates governors twentieth century president theodore roosevelt governor york president wilson governor jersey president coolidge governor massachusetts president franklin roosevelt cousins governor york president taft similar experience governor philippines defeated candidates taft theodore roosevelt charles evans hughes governor york james cox governor ohio alfred smith thomas dewey governor york addition frank lowden illinois earl warren california harold stassen minnesota averell harriman york governors strong runs nomination party dealing foreign affairs governor especially stevenson suggests governor big kind miniature president chief executive commander chief militia ceremonial head head political party recommends budget legislature supervises spending public money appropriated lawmakers expected suggest policy nearly matter common interest constantly negotiate legislators seeking represent wishes persuade accept leadership
stevenson seriously disappointed built enthusiasm senate run prospects looked reasonably governorship matter experience exclusively national international affairs feel qualified case wish governor office necessarily diverted major interests hand sense importance party active organization politics loyal democrat believed reforms political parties accomplished working period anguished soul searching wife effort influence friends disappointment urged accept end stevenson mind offer arvey set conditions agree run governor free hand run campaign chose emphasizing issues policies judgment meant organization accept immediately leader condition elected attempt influence making appointments upper levels government told arvey appointments lower levels receive nominations deserving democrats instance suggested democratic party turned qualified stevenson reserve appoint qualified
ovation occasioned appearance rostrum died leader democratic party spoke accept nomination program immediately interrupted prolonged applause smiled waved spoke characteristic blend seriousness humor soon familiar nation preferred hear words uttered stronger wiser listening president speech feel paragraphs flowing harmony welcoming address days previous turned americans stevensonians convinced support rate words presently took place masterpieces american political oratory friends wholly appreciate heart hope understand words sought honor seek aspired office full measure ambition treat highest office gift illinois alternative consolation prize seek nomination presidency burdens office stagger imagination potential evil lives smothers exultation converts vanity prayer asked merciful father father let cup pass dread responsibility shrink fear interest false humility
soon broad generalizations presidential campaign certainly safe say campaigns history generated enthusiasm parties safe say enthusiasm strongest amateurs previously active politics volunteers stevenson matched citizens eisenhower drew republican campaign thousands felt politics dirty business nice involved election million voted voted governor stevenson candidate moment nominated campaign organization plans convention returned springfield met staff friends determine course action encouraged aided friendly volunteers nation course volunteers administration washington stevenson anxious connection truman group distant lacked confidence president sense leadership status party believed chances election hinged part ability show country independent making decisions short truman avoided giving staff appointments truman began unavoidably offending president appointed chairman democratic national committee friend stephen mitchell chicago retaining truman chairman
campaign developed apparent criticizing shallow patriotism american legion talking civil rights richmond simply dramatic moments intended catch public eye ear deliberate pattern campaign detroit stevenson chose labor huge audience union workmen assert labor administration elected body americans taft hartley law target labor liberal abuse need amending honesty slave labor law democratic orators calling orleans frankly stated conviction tidelands gulf coast property nation rich oil reserves ocean developed benefit direct contrast popular position louisiana oil reserves epxloited states lease private oil companies speaking issue stevenson took issue louisiana united states senators entire congressional delegation leading newspapers election narrowly carried general eisenhower support states rights position offshore oil reserves certainly bearing outcome issue cost stevenson texas electoral votes democratic convention governor allan shivers texas called stevenson springfield seek support ownership tidelands stevenson politely informed shivers conviction national interest paramount shortly democrat shivers switched support eisenhower led drive carry texas general
suddenly september calculations thrown askew president eisenhower suffered heart attack reaction apparent president recover possibly run circumstances ambitious democrats decided democratic nominee run vice president richard nixon popular democratic candidate likely win chicago democratic dinner hint governor harriman president truman known cool stevenson praised speech deal speech heard harriman immediately attacked stevenson pitched address low key sense political climate proposals sharply odds public expectation identified eisenhower moment meet resistance sure inadequate support age moderation rubric piecemeal reforms advocated achieved harriman saw opening promptly exploited try identify true liberal leader democratic party recalling association franklin roosevelt harry truman flatly declared democratic party word moderation stevenson suggesting eisenhower expected give country clear choice asked supported stevenson harriman supported personally mean committed presidential nomination equivocation set tone york governor undeclared campaign months significance harriman change position probable candidacy invitation challenge stevenson
california stevenson renomination despite commanding lead primary victories stevenson governor harriman announced evident months candidate convention august truman quickly gave harriman endorsement senator kefauver presently withdrew race announced support stevenson urged delegates pledged support governor illinois convention assembled chicago remaining doubt margin stevenson win nomination won overwhelmingly ballot unharmonious note convention ditch effort harriman truman reverse course democratic history balloting truman gracious sporting defeat glad side sir victor cordial response shortly nomination stevenson addressed convention briefly announce departure precedent nomination vice presidential candidate stating personal preference traditional privilege presidential candidate threw convention open partly underscore fact republican candidate nixon hand picked partly generate enthusiasm delegates dramatic contest senator kefauver won nomination young senator john kennedy massachusetts defeat favorable impression moved forefront democratic party night august leaders democratic party flanked adlai stevenson platform formally took leadership accepted nomination president manner diffident speech defensive
words hung air bitter sarcasm historians write era fear find grim irony fact russian power influence firmly established middle east government loudly proudly proclaiming victorious conduct cold war president reported news suez days later egyptian syrian jordanian governments announced armies joint command october israel invaded egypt october britain france presented egypt israel ultimatum withdraw canal area lay arms twelve hours israel agreed egypt refused october britain france began air attacks egyptian installations united nations united states found siding soviet union allies effort bring cease fire moment uprisings hungary stimulated part eisenhower dulles talk liberation flaring full scale civil war october president eisenhower expressed satisfied russians making adequate concessions order soon restored hours words spoken tanks red army rumbled budapest slaughter freedom fighters streets dying voice hungarian freedom radio desperately implored america give assistance struggle hungarians americans encouraged evening november days election stevenson ditch effort turn tide running stand today alienated european allies alienated israel
important failure stevenson record american representative united nations persistent unrewarding effort general assembly persuade soviet union france belgium nations pay part financial dues un issue charter nations opposed peacekeeping operations un withhold financial support soviet union opposed un operation congo belgium article provided financial arrears country automatically lose vote assembly american policy hold provision ground enforced un executive effort frustrated course precisely intention soviet union matter election secretary general stevenson entirely vote issue squarely faced assembly fully conscious president johnson fact un effectively function soviet union circumstances stevenson sought find acceptable compromise formula suggestion soviet union delinquent nations voluntary contributions un agencies approved nicef credited delinquent peacekeeping accounts negotiations possibility extended session eventually suspended decision stevenson cooperated behalf united states transparent device conducting assembly business formal vote
civic activities duties un stevenson served president field foundation trustee woodrow wilson foundation trustee universities member numerous national boards conference committees devoted advancing international understanding peace sunday conducted nationwide television program adlai stevenson reports interviewed visiting statesmen held conversations guests problems joked occasionally advancing staff testify stevenson sixties energetic demanding forties took prominent place public stevenson fact vigorous public mind immediately introduced political speculation death president kennedy grassroots attempt draft stevenson vice president opinion polls showed choice democrats stevenson reaction flurry activity simply circumstances seek nomination assumed president johnson wish choose younger serve called refused discuss matter continued figure newspaper speculation political gossip president june announced select member cabinet running mate democrats york approached stevenson proposal run senate flattered lived york city strong democrats liberal party
think danger element vision vanishing wholly political main comfortable evils past shrunk size sight marry younger larger families profoundly involved earning living making careers safeguarding future children difficult say give public affairs private urgent absorbing wonder urgent absorbing hundred ago married young large families built careers opened frontiers created cities wilderness gave states communities framework active political reads story young abraham lincoln hard believe struggles young lawyer difficulties young parent young today deepest issues occupy mind call statecraft heard claims clamor everyday exceptional stephen douglas prairie towns filled earnest active citizens deeply profoundly concerned issues nation half slave half free multitudes gathered hundred ago listen rapt attention hours lincoln douglas debates fewer responsibilities duties citizens today issues politics usefully conveyed fifteen television flash subliminal advertising
stopped think tea sympathy required kennedy face eisenhower sweep massachusetts oust eisenhower campaign manager known henry cabot lodge elected senate kennedy freshman college kennedy fact democrat elected senate history massachusetts solid significance narrow victory percent vote largely obscured glamour glitter publicity palm beach tan handsome youthful face saw signs glamour glitter senator elect winter morning senate offices congressman moving house suite outer office sitting doorway amidst clutter confusion staffs talked briefly salary experience needs office spoke clear natural voice listened attentively promised early decision occasional tapping fingers teeth knee later learned habitual sign restless energy impatient irritation days later talked briefly raised questions satisfy convictions pro mccarthy doubt owen lattimore role report directly supplement salary assisting published articles basis hurried conversations minutes offered position legislative assistant senate office trial period
found economy government principle senate practice house kennedy pride handful democrats upheld president truman vetoes unjustified veterans pensions senate led fight reform measures recommended hoover commission father served fire democratic national committee england business group badgered mercilessly reducing federal spending insisted vote funds airport construction voted increase partly reason careful study oppenly attacked pork barrel river reclamation projects sponsors resented role overrode protests exposed congressional pension plan actuarially unsound veteran staff members hoping windfalls spoke sarcastically wealth refused adopt practice liberal senators cosponsoring measure circulated liberal regardless effect budget refusal interpreted rudeness left capitol close session racked pain discouraged opposition efforts save money colorado delaware rivers lot enemies rare moments discouragement senators accustomed divisions debate real enemies colleagues exceptions lady main senator margaret chase smith formidable political figure termed travels senatorial candidates republican senator regarded personal affront campaigned democratic opponent
minnesota senator humphrey led list dozen possibilities declared open candidate vice presidency thought stevenson blessing initiated nationwide campaign job estes kefauver presidential hopes ended stevenson primaries angling spot kennedy interested refused consider candidate permit campaign worthy eager convention knew delegates john bailey talked party leaders senator public endorsements sought plans hyannis port meeting england delegates stevenson abandoned pressure preference read stimulated meetings mailings kennedy endorsements received stevenson circle knowledge analyses situation drew comparative qualifications candidates plans convention action guidance enabling respond friendly inquiries talk concretely senator talks occurred drove home summer evening discussed letter schlesinger working stevenson office saying things look kennedy effect actually disappointed don nomination statement contrary previously assumed remarked yes disappointment deep ballot vice presidency leave europe days later
submitted senator brother bob weeks earlier list potential vice presidential nominees list twenty names reduced fifteen vice president picking process invariably begins search strengthen ticket invariably ends search won weaken ruled list liberal conservative inarticulate offensive groups party kennedy strengths weaknesses young don want ticket referred whiz kids wrote top list disqualifications qualifications lyndon johnson stories circulated kennedy choice johnson father dictated johnson rayburn johnson behalf took initiative ultimatum kennedy johnson kennedy secretly agreed convention opened johnson told kennedy fight nomination kennedy suggested later retracted stories true despite regional nature support presidency johnson national figure southerner youngest majority leader history senator senator accomplished congress previous eisenhower certainly stranger agriculture west strong voter appeal areas kennedy protestant capital behalf foreign aid social legislation civil rights modified liberal opposition assistance kennedy congress indispensable
closing remarks senator kennedy answering briefly remaining charges largely nixon spoke directly listeners fervor participant shown decide want country want future think re ready move nixon summation sounded thin defensive glowered kennedy confidently closed keeping initiative television producer charge show later concluded rerunning tape debate dozen times thing wrong nixon appearance oversized shirt collar charged sabotage nixon makeup nixon schedule left fatigued blamed television studio bright lights intense heat nixon kennedy necessarily win debates survey concluded nixon lost debate james reston wrote break candidate headlines called draw voters switched allegiance candidate kennedy talked fast teachers debate scored equally listened radio amazed hear tv viewers reaction nixon radio listeners reaction hailed cab return hotel driver debate stifled business staying home bars watch pulled curb listen didn didn care supported kennedy clobbered draw draw kennedy victory
trip boston served purposes attend meeting harvard board overseers obligations membership took seriously nearly mobbed cheering students harvard yard responded grades president protect interests confer prospective appointees boston england area session arthur schlesinger jr home bid farewell massachusetts address legislature historic beacon hill approached concern kennedy historian unmindful lincoln farewell springfield kennedy politician unmindful debt owed birth making public career kennedy president elect unmindful inability proud politicians massachusetts massachusetts governments united states record free corruption january record surpass repeated disclosures official wrongdoing rocked home president elect felt avoid issue deliver righteous lecture prepare speech reluctantly dipped file phrases collected inaugural address order meet specifications lengthy speech dozen sentences proved moving occasion formal address election watching television looked sounded president spoke government city hill
quest presidency kennedy helped unusual accessibility reporters knowingly timed major campaign releases meet deadlines evaluated speech draft writing headlines subjected interviews press conferences backgrounders assorted news gatherings opponents parties combined political reporters impressed candid exaggerated review potential delegate electoral count white house pierre salinger superb kennedy presidential press secretary activities aims announcements family dominated news exclusive interviews president rare event journalism took place daily remained curious dichotomy attitude press regarded newsmen natural friends newspapers natural enemies concerned news column read thousands newscast viewed millions assisted resented press corps dogged footstep inexhaustible capacity displeasure read half term equally inexhaustible capacity reading washington expected writers publications inconsistent inaccurate indignant fortunately grew insensitive critics remained unfortunately sensitive find fret paragraph criticism deep ten paragraphs praise dispensed favors journalistic friends ardently wooed journalistic foes abhorrence public relations gimmicks acutely aware impression making
labor civil rights lobbies national committee promises campaign help meant southern democrats concerned conservative dominated primaries prior democratic congressmen eleven southern states consistently voted party working vinson friends house kerr smathers senate henry wilson staff kennedy obtained majority southerners major issues gain cost kennedy concentrated civil rights efforts executive actions increased price supports cotton rice peanuts tobacco added overly enlarged rural aid provisions depressed areas accelerated public works bills neil macneil author forge democracy washington shrewdest observers house written astonishing thing president kennedy dealings congress ability pull southerners camp quarter century wandering conservative camp underway end reached fulfillment session didn erode civil rights disturbances began spook southern congressmen mention profoundest observers saying kennedy didn deal congress sure patent nonsense kennedy attentions democrats confined southerners gave preferential recognition speeches trips invitations white house dinners ceremonies patronage seats presidential box votes appreciated sought wrote letters appreciation helpful congressmen facing primary fights officially sides
atmosphere gaiety verve means limited critics mimics wave intellectual interest excitement rippled white house learning culture style quality american president pace quantity american goods country afford materially rich spiritually poor cared deeply personally education human rights health cleaner cities greater dignity aged believing nation reveals produces honors initiated medal freedom awards annual civilian honors list enriched society personally worked medal design insisted awards controversial figures including critical administration touch robert frost poetry graced inauguration visited white house corresponded paid posthumous tribute amherst gave attention french cultural affairs minister andre malraux gave foreign affairs ministers nations white house showplace dwelling place distinctive creative cultivated cracked president gathering intellectuals sort eating place artists ask dinner honoring american nobel prize winners official recognition government announced extraordinary collection talent gathered white house exception thomas jefferson dined nobel scientists honored pacifist linus pauling sought attract attention picketing white house
stop accused kennedy favoring socialism price controls opposing free enterprise profits retaining antibusiness advisers mentioning bob kennedy heller goldberg ftc chairman dixon arthur schlesinger jr steel case economic decisions assailed dillon traitor class hodges representing cabinet critics conciliatory kennedy speech duplicity favorable kennedy move menace wanted oppose inflation general specific price increases wanted improve balance payments curbing foreign tax havens wanted cut subsidies mind aid education welfare federal subsidies paid shipowners shipbuilders publishers sugar importers wanted reduce corporate taxes investment tax credit remained calm stock market slide indifferent recession sought antirecession measures power hungry met demands equally tough labor intervening private enterprise settlements recommended panel impartial federal mediators cut union demands railroad firemen jet flight engineers result simple justice provided union shop aerospace industry result kennedy bias matter head michigan chamber commerce suspicious opposition emotional illogical political inevitable led largely republicans wing democrats conviction habit association
response kennedy proud country citizen lobby behalf bill led religious groups supported editorial writers poles massive effective striking voluntary removal segregation signs practices chain stores theaters restaurants southern mayors chambers commerce began talking negro leaders employers unions north south began lowering racial bars nation clergy goaded effective action major moral issue preceded kennedy leadership progress slow insufficient compared previous hundred rapid gratifying federally sponsored apprenticeship programs opened building trades negroes james meredith received degree prince edward county virginia schools reopening voluntary basis country passing grueling test president passed test alabama governor wallace hoping re enact summit doorway turned negro children newly integrated schools birmingham cities troopers national guard kennedy federalized guardsmen simply returned quarters wallace backed governor defying law oppressing negro children lost fellow alabamans white students boycotted schools white threw rock negro girls school days wallace performance bomb planted birmingham negro church killed girls sunday school negro youth shot dead birmingham policeman white boys warnings violence directed negroes victims negroes
kennedy proudest unique institution advocated campaign created hundred days staffed field americans motivated kind dedication urged peace corps peace corps cadre hundred later thousand youthful volunteers carrying american energy skills directly poor nations lived villages spoke languages helped develop natural human resources received compensation satisfaction helping peace corps developing nations stirring symbol john kennedy hope promise formation untroubled liberals demeaned gimmick conservatives dismissed nonsensical haven beatniks visionaries communist nations denounced espionage front leaders neutral nations need heaped resentment ridicule backers threatened dissipate momentum talking started un peace corps domestic peace corps dozen diversions house senate republican opposition key roll call votes strong president energetic idealistic brother law peace corps director sargent shriver built carefully persistently pledged peace corps nonpolitical domestic affairs clear specifically invited attempts cia infiltrate stoutly successfully resisted shriver persuasion member family muster induced president reverse decision put peace corps popular aid
despite disadvantages blockade route gained strength thursday choices faded limited low key military action air strike offered khrushchev choice avoiding direct military clash keeping ships initiated shot fired single soviet cuban citizen killed slightly likely precipitate military riposte naval engagement caribbean shores advantageous military confrontation united states balance strategic ground forces superiority american navy unquestioned superiority wide soviet submarines retaliate avoid military defeat khrushchev turn ships causing allies increased confidence credibility cuba communists feel abandoned precisely limited low level action argument ran blockade advantage permitting controlled escalation part gradual rapid situation required serve unmistakable sudden humiliating warning khrushchev expected prudence avoidance casualties avoidance attacking cuban soil appealing nations air strike permitting oas allied support initial position making support likely air strike action later thursday afternoon subcommittees set plot major courses detail blockade subcommittee decide kind blockade recommended
talked earlier week response nation unarmed plane publicly announced mission surveillance shot decided tentatively single retaliatory strike sam site knocking attacks continued implement policy killing soviets process flushing castro planes possibly leading full air strike invasion soviet ripostes president careful give blanket authority carry decision air force advance preferred give wanted wait information happened planes khrushchev final negotiating position called flare drop flight scheduled night reconnaissance flight approved individually president danger flares air ground fire planes approved announcement measures insure missions effective protected authorized fighter escorts ordered fighters respond mig attack urged defense officials prepare worst berlin turkey iran face unexpected allied unity expected soviet counterthrust occurred matters worse american plane alaska encountered navigational difficulties flown deep soviet territory bringing bevy soviet fighters fire regaining course president decided ignore incident soviets publicized wondered khrushchev speculate surveying targets pre nuclear strike
moves dramatic cuban missile crisis test ban treaty peace corps alliance progress small efforts berlin southeast asia real progress claimed school dropouts national parks simply holding nation slipped communist orbit nuclear war raised havoc planet recession set economy generally kennedy content hold efforts devoted turning country starting directions getting moving believed wife difference try left nation set basic premises freedom someday american negro dampening winning cold war unthinkability inevitability nuclear war cutting taxes times deficit battling poverty times prosperity trade transportation host subjects part november problems solved projects completed completed impress historians generation generation makes suspect history remember john kennedy started completed forces released felt generations standards set goals outlined talented attracted politics public service influence country course decade remember stood help historians assess presidency
blond woman rose spinning sand pulling wild grass plunging seconds eluding beam light headed dirt road beach staying darkness crouching lunging cover night patches tall grass conceal body thought tall black sweater post trees road terrible violence taking place panicked woman dead moments looked ago panicked magnificent folded curtain slowly carefully dark office pressed wall face inching window crossing floodlit courtyard tattoo high heels cobblestones echoing martially surrounding buildings guards recessed shadows outlines sullen marionettes soviet style uniforms heads turned signifying appreciative glances directed figure striding confidently iron gate center iron fence enclosing stone compound core prague secret police thoughts glances clear mere secretary working overtime privileged kurva took dictation couch till hours night watching darkened windows break confident stride instant hesitation phone picked orders detention issued gate embarrassments course avoided commissars concerned appeared substance suspicions
havelock stood moment breathing deeply holding suitcase object carry plank wild sea drown walked inside mercifully closing shop devoid customers manager emerged middle counter looking alarmed hesitated stepped retreat quickly havelock spoke rapidly barely passable italian caught insane crowd platform afraid fell need buy things number things actually expected hassler fairly soon mention rome exclusive hotel manager turned sympathetic brotherly animali exclaimed gesturing god perfectly dreadful signore let help need piece luggage soft leather naturalmente realize imposition possibly wash hate greet contessa look signore thousand apologies speak rome michael washed changed clothes room focused thoughts visits jenna karas rome passed single night longer official days remembered correctly awaiting orders washington traveled yugoslav couple balkan countries order gather information sudden expansion border defenses army intelligence officer easily forgotten havelock conduit
separately warily varying phases stupor remaining crew elba sat listened havelock increasingly fluent italian repeated question studied face eyes looking reaction glint recognition straying glance covered lie sixth thought found lips sudden stretching unrelated sagging muscle tone induced whisky clouded eyes dulled instinctive desire listen knew seen haven michael losing control speaking english ascolta interrupted owner il italiano signore sorry havelock repeated question accusation italian sailor responded shrug shifted position started michael reached quickly clamped hand seaman arm response ugly sailor squinted rheumy red veined eyes mouth angry dog lips parted stained yellow teeth showing seconds lunge drunkenly sure attack imminent lascialo ordered owner il spoke rapidly breath english show money quickly pig grab throat learn seen havelock released arm reached pocket took thick pack awkwardly small lire notes separated bills front sailor totaled lire pay board ship italian give
didn baylor shoot moment lawyer disturbed voice replied stern orders firm havelock brought alive extremity judgment intervene dawson quickly questioningly read brown baylor service report qualified expert weapons special emphasis side arms qualified expert walking advertisement naacp officer corps rhodes scholar special forces tactical guerilla warfare file black told point wounded havelock legs shoulders pelvic area ogilvie asking lot accuracy seventy hundred feet twenty thirty yards equivalent handgun firing range havelock standing wasn moving target question baylor frankly didn reason mind including shot hand spell army opinion acted correctly hairy situation waited saw havelock point gun ogilvie convinced red didn chance fired precise moment ogilvie lunged havelock taking bullet corresponds autopsy rome delay cost red dawson satisfied shortened corrected doctor autopsy report added stern
emerged swarthy face looked darker dim light post lamp end path began walking faster acceleration barely perceptible professional knew control havelock rose cautiously prepared follow glanced window looked alarmed inside bar sergeant talking blond recruit called ricci obviously delivering unwanted order killer protesting raising beer needed medicine excuse obeying grimaced drank drink swallows started door schedule adhered prearrangement bridge instructed call recruit advance duty hour rostered shift procedural methods cover argue procedure schedule knew unit rome knew jenna karas bridge motor launch picked arma di party vehicle traveled ligurian mountains spotted minutes arrival checkpoint col des logical cross border end shift soldiers tired weary dull monotony waiting relief careless usual door opened michael crouched peering branches pine tree road post lamp mercenary crossed diagonally shoulder side bearing left bridge ordinary stroller frenchman returning col des
salanne sat office deep soft leather armchair body motionless face rigid eyes staring havelock stunned speechless moments shook head broke silence asked barely audible voice preposterous preposterous say asked going baylor rome think shouldn frightens asked baylor honest honest shock seeing blown mind couldn think straight especially rostov athens say truth forgotten impression say walking data bank recalls face minor event took place ago opinions myth graduate student developed disciplines computer aware frenchman quietly computer salanne paused leaning forward chair months preceding costa brava months weeks days place belgrade prague krakow vienna washington paris remotely startling suppose comparative term exception exercise prague documents statni bezpecnost secret police headquarters pretty routine
telexed clock afternoon warren run frascatti early hours morning days ago witnesses couldn help tell car large sedan powerful engine roared street apparently gathering speed impact drove wasn taking chances missing caught warren stepping curb hammered pole streetlight considerable damage automobile police searching hope bottom river hills link halyard pushed photograph brooks mourn undersecretary sure link thought soldier covering flank mean asked brooks final call authorizing salvage couldn stern told warren decision clearer statesman insisted suppose strategists consular operations decided couldn reach decision surface wouldn difficult psychopath rogue agent capable causing extraordinary damage potential defector killer decision wasn stretched consciences suppose learned suspected called question karas woman halyard maybe communication signal havelock contradicted assumption maniac sane sane caught terrible dilemma making course truth interrupted brooks quietly
havelock pressed bell intending merely sure handelman home reply speaker rang crossing street doorway considered options telephoned university information center location number handelman office call anonymously administration clerk requesting thursday stat sheet revealed fact handelman doctoral appointments scheduled nearly clock michael frustration growing handelman course guarantee directly home office broker sanctuary placing woman fugitive paris obligations havelock considered going handelman office intercepting street considered options appointment run late accepted invitation dinner help coping tension waiting practice superb causing pain actual physical pain stomach breathed deeply confront halfway office street public place knew meeting place names numbers maps codes tools halfway store safely reach quickly floorboard deep wall microscopically reduced toe shoe implanted shirt buttons seen photograph handelman knew looked
swirling pockets snow thicker fuller michael glow red neon sign ahead approached slowing read letters touch absurd intruded harry bar banks monongahela sense humor named harry venice paris obviously inside enlarged war ii photographs walls depicting parisian scenes showing soldier standing door paris harry bar bank place rustic thick wood dulled totally untouched furniture polish heavy glasses high backed barstools jukebox corner bleating country music bored half dozen patrons bar keeping surroundings male profusion red checkered flannel shirts wide ribbed corduroy trousers ankle length boots worn fields barns farmers farmhands assumed pickup trucks biting wind distracted fact mason falls pennsylvania looked wall telephone inappropriately feet jukebox concern absence telephone book needed address laguardia find correct book mason falls pittsburgh international airport wanted terminal fast walked bar stood empty stools waited aging morose looking harry serve
turned began trudging familiar useless course michael pieced essentials conversation search party combing island guards watch watch apparently loose midnight relief half hour late inconsistency island security fortress guard duty treated futile performance answer surmised found observation barracks personnel low level superiors perceive unnecessary duty mean shoreline alarms matched interior sensors michael studied high stockade fence wood pale tan took imagination picture trips wired dual beams set mass weight body heat impossible tunnel vault cut saw concentrated fence curved concrete road curved sides gates sight lines entrances manned personnel points penetration casual sixty search soldiers flashlights treading pines beaches looking shadow possibility begun directly stretch coastline called sector moving quickly dozen maybe thirteen squad undoubtedly return place completed circle night dark moonlight increasingly infrequent search party part strategy possibility think tactic move
president nodded nordic face hard eyes level steady longer hunter eyes condemned ask berquist rising console dim flickering light phase education havelock hope god re ready left monitor room entered appeared short white corridor guarded huge master sergeant face display ribbons conveyed tours battles cracked attention instant saw president commander chief nodded proceeded wide black door end enclosure door michael realized drew nearer berquist vault wheel center small hand sensor plate frame president pressed palm tiny row colored lights raced plate settling green white reached left hand gripped wheel lights tripped combination greens sure devices berquist add released solely person event death significance obvious required comment president swung heavy vault reached pressed unseen plate frame crossbeam trips deactivated nodded soldier gesturing havelock enter stepped inside master sergeant approached steel panel closed spun wheel locked position
morning sterile experienced persuasive inmate somber asylum despite tension despite anticipated call bradford thirty jenna commandeered kitchen gun bearing escoffier relegated position assistant ingredients measured mixed accompaniment glances approval gradual breaking culinary barriers armed cook began smile pans selected outsized oven turned additional guards emerged scene nostrils belonged hounds kitchen meat market call jenna jenna havelock demoted corner table dismissed newspaper names exchanged wide grins appeared conversation interspersed laughter hometowns compared bakeries basis comparison kind frivolity took kitchen sterile dared lighten oppressive atmosphere security conscious compound lightened jenna bearer light say professionals familiar deadly arts modest observation actually fun fun normal sterile going hell galactic basket jenna karas baking kolace fifty quantities sweet rolls eaten kitchen dispensed grounds air sterile house returned static dozen radios erupted inside bells television monitors operational armored van department entered guarded drive highway
stretched deadline waiting expected call filled anxiety defenses eroded knows dossier michael turned decision pierce allowed island wrong think crashed edge berquist won choice remove necessarily course necessarily seeing monsters dark closets wasting valuable hours delusions want giving orders god arthur pierce valuable asset night night racking look clinic file rational talking thinking seeing need word sentence rostov wait mikhail jenna touching arm urging armchair study list names words spoken decker happen voice phrase happen scholars soldiers lawyers doctors attaches diplomats defectors soviets direct contact anthony matthias havelock pictured face ear hearing dozens voices speaking english matching voices faces listening phrases spoken rapidly words clipped consonants harsh maddening faces voices intermingling lips moving suddenly sound shouts mentioned prominently frequently say say summoned times phrase hour passed pack cigarettes
part change early visitors games play puzzles exercises read tests graded capabilities thirteen pronounced extraordinary told real ready join easy mother father remember pressures overwhelming happen place help encourage guide knowing watching things american kind generous seemingly fair gifts rise capable rising forget gave gift opportunity help things auspicious difficult mother father predicted high school college secret served prod secret extraordinary exhilaration prize award proof superiority found easy liked ending popularity contest crown denial served remind commitment friends deep friendships relationships liked accepted basic distance ascribing find jobs pay school
autumn hampshire alternately chilled gray submission gathering arctic winds warmed vibrant colors fall persistent sun giving fields refusing submit slow approach winter havelock hung phone enclosed porch jenna insisted study seen watched eyes walked living room door house stood mesmerized expanse glass framed countryside desk bookshelves brick wall odd assortment comfortable furniture transformed bare porch airy room protected transparent walls allowed spacious view fields woods meant understood loved understanding unusual place simply tall grass vastly taller trees distance everchanging landscape sanctuary memories tension survival suddenly welling move physically overcome suppress normality found matter weeks months underneath fever bastards poisoned fed diet frenzy needed fix dr matthew randolph dead talking dead discussed jenna defined fever gripped doctor needed walks sudden bursts running frequently sweat chest pounded
jim prideaux arrived friday rainstorm rain rolled gun smoke brown combes quantocks raced empty cricket fields sandstone crumbling facades arrived lunch driving red alvis towing hand trailer blue early afternoons thursgood tranquil truce running fight school boys rest dormitories staff sit common room coffee reading newspapers correcting boys thursgood reads mother school bill roach actually saw jim arrive saw steam belching alvis bonnet wheezed pitted drive windscreen wipers going full pelt trailer shuddering puddles pursuit roach boy days graded dull actually deficient thursgood prep school terms fat round child asthma spent large parts rest kneeling end bed gazing window mother lived grandly bath father agreed richest school distinction cost son dear coming broken home roach natural watcher roach observation jim stop school buildings continued sweep stable yard knew layout place roach decided later reconnaissance studied maps reached yard didn stop drove straight wet grass travelling speed momentum
sell london house decided awning crouching cigarette machine waiting cloudburst end grave decision property values london risen proportion heard side sell part proceeds buy cottage cotswolds burford traffic steeple aston place set mild eccentric discursive withdrawn possessing lovable habits muttering bumbled pavements date wasn days date loyal moment chooses forward dishonourable blown modern wind worth entrench oak generation ann wanted return show door show door according wanted return consoled visions smiley arrived king road paused pavement waiting cross side festive boutiques bywater street sac exactly paces live georgian cottages modest heel charm young couples making fifteen pounds week tax free lodger hidden basement steel screens protected lower windows house cars jammed curb habit smiley passed review checking familiar unfamiliar aerials extra mirrors closed vans watchers
spoke tarr sank dream gaze settled speaker mistiness entered eyes pause coming began guillam ordered don guillam boy impulsive flew night saturday march australian passport describing car salesman virgin swiss escape passports hidden lining suitcase contingency documents filled circumstances demanded boris car rendezvous hong kong resident hotel golden gate kowloon guillam leaned smiley murmured tufty thesinger buffoon major king african rifles percy alleline appointment thesinger produced report boris movements based week surveillance boris real oddball tarr couldn boozing night break slept week thesinger watchers folding knees trailed round delegation inspecting factories chiming discussions bright young soviet official young smiley asked guillam threw visa application gave born minsk evening alexandra lodge shanty house north point delegation holed eat crew ease side entrance grab taxi belt mainline night spots pedder street favourite haunt cat cradle queen road bought drinks local businessmen acted personality
guillam living mainly london docks days putting low grade marine networks odd polish russian chinese seamen bunch talent spotters occasionally managed hands betweenwhiles sat small room floor circus consoled pretty secretary called mary happy authority answer minutes phone engaged answer heard vaguely trouble trouble common knowledge instance alleline control locked horns knew big operation aborted czechoslovakia foreign office defence ministry jointly blown gasket jim prideaux head scalp hunters oldest czecho hand bill haydon lifelong stringer shot put bag assumed loud silence glum faces bill haydon manic anger news spread nervous thrill building god wrath mary loved full scale passion later heard catastrophe called testify testify haydon told later incompetent bloody operation launched dying glory jim prideaux price bits newspapers parliamentary questions rumours officially confirmed british troops germany put full alert eventually sauntering offices began realise realised weeks
fixed sights april shirt clinging ribs happened christ hill turned forward forward times closed cupboard lot waited listened took worried look dust stepped boldly corridor safety room clatter hit coding machines ringing telephones girl voice calling damn float hand mysterious piping longer camilla small hours job thought savagely compromise face face room found spike kaspar nick de standing hand basins murmuring mirror legmen haydon soviet networks known simply russians seeing guillam stopped talking hullo christ inseparable blond squat looked russians real waited till rinsed dust fingers drifted lauder strickland room lord save dolphin talk carelessly able officer nearest thing indispensable extremely competent word lauder looked closely watch signed chit led guillam lifts toby esterhase barrier talking unfriendly young janitor going brixton peter tone casual expression usual impenetrable
connie hangover sitting slumped glass eyes closed head falling side god whispered waking lordy polyakov legman smiley asked culture vulture culture vultures don need legmen komarov tokyo komarov military sullenly polyakov saw medals held hand waiting lapin rabbit clerk driver embassy twerp couldn suspected ivlov couldn prove help anyway lapin rabbit spent padding round london looking girls daring talk gradually began pick connection polyakov gave reception lapin helped pour drinks polyakov called late night half hour later lapin turned presumably unbutton telegram polyakov flew moscow lapin rabbit actually moved embassy slept doubling connie firmly stuck mile reported course happened connie sacked lapin home connie giggle couple weeks later jimmy prideaux shot bot george smiley pensioned control yawned hey ho halcyon days landslide start george fire dead thud janet lover gradually connie began humming swaying music
put fine edge toby esterhase smiley seriously doubted lied teeth nice find record confirming impression smiley feelings roy bland ambivalent recalling decided don spotted smiley recruited combination oddly akin brought smiley circus net german monster fan patriotic flame smiley embarrassed protestations communism smiley bland real childhood father docker passionate trade unionist party member mother died bland boy father hated education hated authority bland grew clever father took head lost son ruling class beat bland fought grammar school holidays worked fingers toby say bones order raise extra fee smiley met tutor rooms oxford battered look arrived bad journey smiley took months edged closer proposition bland accepted largely smiley assumed animosity father passed smiley care subsisting odd grants undescribed bland toiled marx memorial library wrote leftish papers tiny magazines died ago circus subsidized evenings disputed loud smoky meetings pubs school halls
half mind call toby decided comparison unwise thought toby thought switzerland ago toby humdrum watcher growing reputation informal listening side guillam kicking heels north africa circus packed berne operation spike pair belgian arms dealers swiss spread wares unpopular directions rented villa door target house night toby opened junction box rearranged things overheard belgians conversations phone guillam boss legman dropped tapes berne residency parked car letter box ease toby bribed local postman give sight belgians mail delivered cleaning lady plant radio mike drawing room held discussions diversion chikito toby danced youngest girls brought home morning toby windows open rid smell lived months guillam knew end didn country origin toby snob knew places eat seen washed clothes night wore net snow white hair police hit villa guillam hop wall found toby bellevue hotel munching patisseries watching dansant
guillam allowed temperament till occurred till tarr defector housekeepers ruling months ago wrong phil tarr sitting moscow knew regarded blown phil held reason turning lights brixton giving chunk workload london station toby lamplighters tarr supposed redefecting redefecting damned charitable putting tell alleline retorted paper listen listen exactly remember doubt rest staff memory sieve prima donnas danny mother travelling fake british passports poole harbour passports russian fakes tarr known poole tarr england don left ahead danny mother route investigations suggest black instructed wife mistress pardon mo follow week apparently information reached yesterday lot footwork tarr instructed danny mother chance failed contact throw mercy peter guillam believe
minister head ran row books bees mendel passion smiley remembered word exotic bees surrey minister young dark jowl looked knocked true unseemly fracas head bald top gave unwarranted air maturity terrible eton drawl decisions bully art dialogue suppose damp recent negotiations americans thinking untitled secret annexe safe smiley discusses exploitation witchcraft material heard minister understand incentives course tempting hands cream enormous american service argument trading witchcraft return arguments minister enquired talking stockbroker mole gerald exists smiley began cousins ann proudly miles sercombe single redeeming feature smiley believed felt idiotic incoherent mole exists assume common ground waited wasn mole exists repeated circus double profits american deal moscow centre mole buy americans gesture frustration minister slapped hand mendel table leaving moist imprint polish
smiley left islay grosvenor square morning streets bathed harsh sunshine sky blue drove hired rover past unlovable facades edgware road wind dropped sky black waiting rain remained sun lingering redness tarmac parked st john wood road forecourt tower block glass porch enter porch passing large sculpture describing sort cosmic muddle icy drizzle descending staircase marked exit flight terrazzo tile bannister african teak contractor genorisity ceased rough rendered plaster replaced earlier luxury stench uncollected refuse crammed air manner cautious furtive reached iron door paused putting hands handle drew ordeal door opened foot stopped thud answered shout fury echoed times shout swimming pool hey don look smiley edged gap door stopped bumper shiny car smiley wasn looking car garage overalls hosing rolls royce cage looking direction don angry voice demanded tenant don tenant lift stair fire
refrence army moved jerry westerby ask acquaintances military days smiley dimly known forgotten finally resumed broke camp packed lorries sat waiting convoy moving half mile stopped convoy ordered road lorries duckshuffle trees stuck mud ditches damn thing chaos apparently russians westerby coming direction brno big hurry czech light consequences bunch motorcycles tearing track lights flashing drivers screaming staff car civilians boy reckoned civilians altogether lorryloads special troops armed eyebrows wearing combat paint finally truck full tracker dogs making god awful row boring boy westerby dabbed sweat face handkerchief blinked coming round sweat silk shirt looked shower curry food cared smiley ordered krugs wash taste part story czech troops russian troops smiley yes thought mind round brno boy quickly learned unit part proceedings convoy joined night ten hours tore round countryside apparent destination
lock gardens presumably drew camden hampstead road locks nearby terrace flat nineteenth century houses built centre crescent floors basement strip walled garden running regent canal numbers ran number fallen built number north end safe house improved approaches thirty yards canal towpath offered north lay camden high street joining traffic south west lay parks primrose hill neighbourhood possessed social identity demanded houses turned room flats ten doorbells laid typewriter grandly number millie mccraig lodger jefferson mrs mccraig churchy collected incidentally excellent keeping eye locals scarcely viewed zeal jefferson lodger known vaguely foreign oil lot lock gardens pied terre neighbours bothered notice found shy respectable formed impression george smiley happened spot dim light porch evening millie mccraig admitted front room drew pious curtains wiry scottish widow brown stockings bobbed hair polished wrinkled skin
cheer smiley soon tried journey remember prideaux irina czech networks entered haydon room vague notion public duty thought censure behalf thinking felt shy felt known haydon late angry haydon physical condition taxed guards professed mystification angrier learn additional security precautions insisted relaxed demanded craddox head nursery craddox unavailable assistant acted dumb conversation halting banal smiley forward mail club tell alleline move horsetrading karla needed tissues paper tissues nose habit weeping haydon explained remorse pain physical reaction called pettiness inquisitors minds haydon knew names karla recruits determined left school thought held fanshawe christ church optimates acting talentspotter moscow centre circus haydon explained asses managed despite weakness convey level head walked grounds smiley established close despair perimeter patrolled night
recalling seclusion class compartment smiley curious sensation watching haydon wrong end telescope eaten night bar open journey leaving king cross wistful notion liking haydon respecting bill say mental system rejected convenient simplification puzzled haydon rambling account conscious contradictions tried haydon romantic newspaper terms thirties intellectual mosow natural mecca moscow bill discipline told needed symmetry historical economic solution struck sparse added trying bill romantic snob wanted join elitist vanguard lead masses darkness remembered half finished canvases girl drawing room kentish town cramped worked condemned remembered ghost bill authoritarian father ann called simply monster imagined bill marxism making inadequacy artist loveless childhood later course mattered doctrine wore thin bill set road karla treason matter habit smiley decided seeing bill stretched floor bywater street ann played music gramophone bill loved smiley didn doubt moment
reaching usual bus stop put shopping bag hand massaged rump met spine gesture days gave relief high stool warehouse worked morning checker possessed increasingly resenting deficiency devil muttered offending part rubbed began plying black elbows town raven preparing fly devil repeated suddenly aware watched wheeled round peered upward heavily built towering person waiting moment person street spoken face familiar big uncertain sweaty seen yesterday seen knew lord walking diary days weak itchy giant waiting bus hovering pavement warehouse figure street figure recognisable type put finger thought looked traque hunted parisians days saw fear faces walked dared greet wouldn felt interest wondered policeman considered asking urban cockiness
weeks encounter hushed activities accompanied furtive visits soviet embassy form filling signed affidavits certificats laborious trail successive french ministries ostrakova actions prayed prayers adopted conspiratorial attitude dividing russian orthodox churches observed suffering undue assault piety churches private houses scattered round districts distinctive struck crosses plywood rain sodden russian notices doors requesting cheap accommodation offering instruction piano church russian abroad church apparition holy virgin church st seraphin sarov rang bells till verger frail faced woman black gave money let crouch damp cold candle lit icons breathe thick incense till half drunk promises almighty thanked asked advice practically asked stranger approached similar circumstances reminded anyway pressure destroy obey indomitable common sense asserted asked wife traitor ostrakov lover dissident glikman mother believe turbulent social daughter singled untypical indulgence
slipped forward shadows elder wore black beard surgical gloves elbow length shone ghostly grey wore blue overalls thigh length rubber boots squatting bearded cautiously untucked plastic sheet younger constable laid hand dead shoulder wake try harder lad superintendent warned altogether crisper tone boy pulled bearded sergeant helped body reluctantly rolled arm stiffly waving clutching stick christ constable bloody hell clapped hand mouth sergeant grabbed elbow shoved heard sound retching don hold politics superintendent confided smiley unconsequentially staring downward don hold politics don hold politicians licensed lunatics view joined force honest sinewy mist curled strangely steady beam torch don happen sir haven seen wound fifteen afraid ballistics province smiley replied pause thought don expect seen sir expect shot chest don sir superintendent remarked brightly learned small talk eased atmosphere occasions neat round bullet drills tasteful hole expect victim falls gently knees tune celestial choirs telly suppose real bullet days arm leg friends brown tell
victorian terraces region paddington station painted white luxury liners inside dark tombs westbourne terrace saturday morning gleamed brightly service road led vladimir part blocked end heap rotting mattresses smashed boom frontier post thank smiley politely paid cab mattresses straight hampstead knees ached greek driver spent journey lecturing cyprus courtesy crouched jump seat order hear din engine vladimir thought surveying filth pavements poor washing trailing balconies circus shown honour vertical concerns sandman thought tell proofs bring walked slowly knowing early morning building small queue gathered bus stop milkman going rounds newspaper boy squadron grounded sea gulls scavenged gracefully spilling dustbins sea gulls taking cities thought pigeons sea crossing service road saw motor cyclist black official looking side car parking steed hundred yards kerb posture reminded tall messenger brought keys safe flat similar fixity distance respectful attentiveness military kind
low skyline filled cranes gasometers lazy chimneys spouted ochre smoke rainclouds saturday smiley public transport saturdays prepared drive lived terms mutual hatred combustion engine crossed river vauxhall bridge greenwich lay entered flat dismembered hinterland docks wiper blades shuddered large raindrops crept bodywork unhappy english car glum children sheltering busstop straight guv shaved bathed slept vladimir telephone bill lacon requesting breakdown traceable calls matter urgency mind drove clear prey anarchic mood wearing brown tweed overcoat travelling navigated roundabout mounted rise suddenly fine edwardian pub stood sign red faced warrior battle nile street rose island worn grass island stood st saviour church built stone flint proclaiming god message crumbling victorian warehouses sunday preacher poster female major salvation army front poster stood lorry sixty foot giant trailer crimson side windows fringed football pennants motley foreign registration stickers covering door biggest thing sight bigger church background heard motor bike engine slow start didn bother look
vladimir call box road wanted personal conversation immediately employers regulations villem picked roundabout vladimir rode half dover black villem meaning illegally boy carrying rush basket full oranges villem mood ask saddle pounds oranges vladimir talked paris villem father struggles shared talked small favour villem sake times small favour sake villem dead father vladimir loved sake group villem father hero tell vladi small favour impossible promise stella impossible stella hand left husband side sat torn wishing console death hurt broken promise small favour vladimir insisted small trouble risk helpful villem duty vladi produced snaps beckie christening yellow kodak envelope prints side negatives protective cellophane chemist blue docket stapled innocent admired till vladimir suddenly beckie villem beckie future hearing villem repeat stella clenched fists looked resolute older islands tiny wrinkles corner eye
professional smiley listened similar verbal antics signalling supposedly whitehall doctrine signalling restraint denial reason watched whitehall skirts belts tightened loosened tightened witness victim reluctant prophet spurious cults lateralism parallelism separatism operational devolution remembered lacon recent meanderings correctly integration fashion hailed panacea vanquish machine whimper leaving familiar english muddle retrospect saw lifelong moderator forborne hoping forbear toiled rooms shallower held stage held ago admitted sentiments today peering calmly heart smiley knew unled unleadable restraints reason humanity marriage sense public service invested institutions thought rancour left karla thought black grail help restless mind leave staring ahead gloom imagined saw karla standing breaking reforming shifting specks dark saw brown attendant eyes appraising appraised darkness interrogation cell delhi jail hundred eyes glance sensitive signal companionship molten glass slowly hardened till brittle unyielding
maquette degas portrayed ballerina arms head body curved backward lips parted ecstasy question fake genuine bore uncomfortable superficial resemblance ann smiley hands slowly turning gazing clear appreciation toby satin stool ceiling window shadowed feet walked jauntily toby vladimir met cafe science museum aeronautical floor toby repeated vladimir high excitement clutching toby arm toby didn conspicuous otto leipzig managed impossible vladimir saying big chance million toby otto leipzig landed max dreamed full settlement claims vladimir put toby asked acidly claims mind vladimir wouldn couldn say ask max insisted believe ask max tell max big deal toby asked knowing otto leipzig concerned bill goods want hero toby confessed smiley found hard conceal scepticism put bad mood meeting start vladimir outlined terms leipzig story vladimir material proofs story true document document leipzig called vorspeise appetizer
oleg kirov arrived paris direct moscow repeated june darling told poured poured annual sarratt cricket match scrapped sundays row fat oleg listed single didn replace desk floor overlooking rue saint simon trafficky nice darling moscow centre residency hogged fourth rage ambassador felt squeezed cupboard unloved neighbours outward appearances kirov looked sight rare creature soviet diplomatic community straight diplomat practice paris days connie knew days heart face showed soviet embassy distribute photograph emigre tribal chiefs brother kirov photograph duly found groups devil vladimir banging case officer door fine excitement steve paris days bless dropped dead heart attack soon story insisting identified kirov agent named kursky student tallinn institute formed circle dissident dock workers called discussion club shopped members secret police vladimir source presently visiting paris unfortunate workers sins personally befriended kursky moment betrayal vladi source connie wicked otto meant fat fire start
passed farm entered protective darkness trees emerged stark brilliant frame whiteness broken jetty faint olive coloured reeds foreground enormous sky rest boats lay inlet shabby caravans parked track led grubby washing hung television aerials passed tent vegetable patch couple broken huts military psychedelic sunrise painted peeling cars heaped rubbish stood parked mud path reeds shore grass harbour lay cluster improvised houseboats converted landing craft war colder reason darker boats seen boats moored huddle tarpaulins couple radios played saw noticed backwater blue dinghy fast dinghy gnarled sailcloth jacket black peaked cap massaging neck woken walther smiley asked rubbing neck nod looking otto leipzig told wharf find walther eyes cut almond shaped crumpled brown paper skin isadora pointed rickety jetty farther shore isadora lay end forty foot motor launch luck grand hotel awaiting demolition
woken morning find seemingly bound hand foot tried move leg immediately burning cords tightened round thighs chest stomach raised arm tugging iron ligatures lifetime crawl bathroom undressed warm water entered frightened fainted pain flailed flesh hurt terribly road grazed heard hammering thought inside head till realised furious neighbour counted church clock chimes stopped wonder neighbour protesting thunder running water pipes labour making coffee exhausted sitting suddenly unbearable lying bad rest lean forward elbows draining board watch courtyard pastime precaution seen creatures darkness thought mouthing concierge goat concierge madame la pierre mouthing shaking fool head ostrakova ten ways echoed aria round courtyard drowning clipping carpet beaters clatter children gossip turbaned wives floor leaning windows metres till child believed
ferguson saul enderby drawled lounging belgravia cockney final vulgarity english upper class doubted smiley left lamplighter stable wise don hold domestic surveillance days party damn thing enderby continued study bulky document hand george sherlock holmes dogging poor moriarty captain ahab chasing big white whale smiley reply wish enemy say enderby remarked turning pages looking donkey haven sam night chief sam collins agreed heartily master confiding grin ben place room dark hotel knightsbridge met hour ago notice door management strictly private inside ante room coats hats privacy lay oak panelled sanctum full books musk turn gave rectangle walled garden stolen park fish pond marble angel path contemplative walks ben identity lost unwritten archives circus mythology place remained unrecorded perquisite enderby appointment george smiley trysting ground meetings occurred read don mind enderby bit slow uptake think jolly helpful actually chief collins
priest proposed conceal assured grigoriev room grigoriev recognised prelude concealing private psychiatric clinic switzerland priest confined young russian girl suffering advanced schizophrenia soviet union form illness sufficiently understood priest grigoriev recalled strangely touched priest finality diagnosis treatment complicated political considerations priest treatment hospitals child alexandra accused things doctors paranoid reformist delusional ideas estimation personality poor adaptation social environment inflation capabilities bourgeois decadence sexual behaviour soviet doctors repeatedly ordered renounce incorrect ideas medicine priest unhappily grigoriev politics swiss hospitals advanced attitude matters grigoriev essential child alexandra switzerland clear grigoriev high official personally committed girl problem familiar aspect grigoriev beginning feel sad daughter soviet hero priest official red army guise traitor russia living penurious circumstances counter revolutionary czarists paris priest admitting grigoriev greatest secret colonel ostrakov finest active secret agents rely totally information regarding counter revolutionary conspirators paris
karla questions moscow toby showed smiley late night rare meeting country inn beseeching ring report fully alexandra appearance mind lucid laugh laughter happy sad impression clean personal habits clean finger nails brushed hair doctor latest diagnosis recommend treatment grigoriev main preoccupations rendezvous allmendingen turned krassky letter author lady friend visa section demanding outright friday excursions depression drunkenness grigoriev answered vaguely suspected moscow spy put priest worse frightful organ soviet security toby happened shared belief feel served saying told love completely trust grigoriev earnestly decided permitted accompany australia george madhouse toby told smiley furious mixture images smiley continued study karla solicitous questions written russian listen mean hold dam guy total crazy krassky return moscow smiley asked saturday midday grigoriev arrange meeting leaves tell krassky special message urgent sure toby sure george
guillam drawn alongside trying edge forward heard soft footsteps toby watchers gathered edge halo safe view shelter rampart waiting bated breath sight catch suddenly stood slipping crowded hall unnoticed small hand hung flat naked side left held cigarette timidly chest hatless satchel took step forward halo smiley saw face aged weary travelled short hair turned white sprinkling snow wore grimy shirt black tie looked poor going funeral friend cold nipped cheeks low adding age faced yard delhi jail smiley heard footsteps sound toby padding swiftly wooden ladder scaffold heard soft voices laughter thought heard sound gentle clapping knew shadows inside halo hard paul skordeno slipped forward stood side karla nick de stood heard guillam telling bloody car bridge heard ring metal falling icy cobble knew ann cigarette lighter notice exchanged glance heard crackle car tyres sounds doors opening engine running
seth daniel lay stretched huge pine tree daniel dooryard staring mountains front liked looking mountains especially mountain black spruce mountain miles crow flies stood neighbors huge fist thrust sky bare rock cliff western face shone darkly afternoon sun boys friends watched mountain mountain couldn say exactly represented important ravens nested bears lived cracks caves big deer wise hunters shot wandered coyotes howled upper ridges seen stories top panther prowled night place mention thirteen boys odd mountain drew boys mountain voice sang calling safety comfort homes ordered brightness daily lives murky dangers mystery mountain wild strange place place dark creatures marvelous adventures think daniel asked woods maybe lived haven baby mean thing
heard boys making trip eyes sparkled excited boys knew bateau understood wanted mountain babies da woods eh bateau called boys babies referred fighting mad coming bateau okay understood fact liked wish fawns careful da woods dey grow strange ing der fear dat careful da woods don care da mudder fadder dey soon die der da woods don hurt dey don neider mus smart da woods dumb cow da woods dey stronger dan babies watch deer den okay boys da mountain yes der ago boys look da bones da bones stay da bones dat baby lost starve death dat cave poor ing didn chance der da fear crazy dey heard cryin da night stay da bones fadder seen em young dey turn hair white january da fear lucky babies ask don da bones
seth asked stay wouldn want starters daniel replied lunch starved idea nice big beech tree bank lunch fall let boys settled beech ate sandwiches apples hang daniel don camp don fish lot dark noon let slide ravine upstream find campsite set dark boys headed sidehill covered young spruce fir feet high hill logged young trees growing profusely bright emptiness left loggers lost boy brook ravine huge ancient trees covered sky stopped upward climb debate merits spot campsite needed easy access water brook supply needed level place build lean lower reaches ravine banks steep continued ravine finally mountains found spot small brook joined main stream angle junction streams large flat place clear underbrush stand tall hemlock spruce obviously place
miss menzies stared thoughtfully tea taking spoon began slowly stir raised eyes pomfret clear steady voice want report loss theft added pomfret drew notebook laid spoon clasped hands lap thin curiously girlish face looked grave missing persons accurate pomfret unscrewed top fountain pen waited politely mind fact suddenly rush call case kidnapping pomfret thoughtful gently tapping lower lip fountain pen top suppose suggested gently moment tell simply happened couldn tell simply miss menzies thought awhile pott model village yes pomfret tourist attraction short pause say platter le setting kind model village yes heard bit modern say going seeing builder yes heard miss menzies ran nervous tongue lips hesitated boldly village pott mine re sort partners makes houses model figures say yes lifelike miss hands tightened slightly clasped lap didn figures
alas rectory empty whitlaces stayed caretakers tudor rectory listed historic building preserved parish church famous rood screen whitlace appointed verger mrs whitelace cleaner church lived happily deserted house kitchen annex cottage sink flower arrangers corner vestry filled battered kettle stood drain board lit rusty gas ring safety sake stood stone flags beneath miss menzies sudden thought dare confide lady mullings meant finder waiting kettle boil washed spare flower vases cold water thinking hard wondered unhappily explain borrowers lady mullings smarting embarrassing interview pomfret clearly thought mad mad obviously puzzled wondered mrs pomfret knew miss menzies respected member village community stone left unturned thought miss menzies dried crockery touched lady mullings findings pott model village borrowers mrs whitlace brought coast west cork apt fairies seen explain
knew sidney gave face final cleanup towel attic didn sidney check locking door case forgot piece zinc bottom door case bored found window open platter things open window explained opened mabel cord pulley thought awhile ladder help knew sidney breakfast took porridge saw didn bring ladder broad daylight ask sidney legs help repeated platter seen hesitated yes mean mean miss menzies called abel pott abel pott climbing ladder wooden leg miss menzies type ladder lady mullings fordham heard tell say thought moment yes tell lie didn roof windows remember say finder finder finds things sort sees
reluctantly arrietty felt gaiter stealthily extracted small pillow drew end bed sleep head doors creeping miss menzies homemade bedclothes soon began feel warmer lying flat sky moon obscured sudden tangle overhanging branches filmy cloud strange night noises heard fox bark kind going wondered reach unknown house large human house knew larger firbank gathered pod firbank large lawn sloped pond pond spring fed stream silently traveling loved ponds remembered bottom field living boot fun pond fishing minnows paddling spiller tin soap dish learning swim ago thought mild eye caravan succulent smell pheasant stew parents terrified hungry crouched dubious shelter mild eye tousled bunk fierce faced woman mild eye wife hoped thought firbank childhood floor darkness dusty passages joists clean bright homily tiny rooms actually lived
pod rose feet re rested going minute pod pleaded homily legs ache dreadful mine comes pod arrietty shouldn wonder re condition nigh months cooped attic stands reason exercise need re getting homily wearily rose feet plodded place leave pond cross open grass broke procession leaving spiller tow soap dish shelter small shrubbery group overgrown azalea bushes tender twigs glinting bud forest rested crumbly ground covered dead leaves branches hung tattered spiders webs wish spend night homily camping girl pod soap dish lot house struggle soap dish low hung rootlike branches found open foot grassy bank left flight mossy steps lower treads visible spreading fanlike lawn re going pod complained homily shallow steps shallow pod walking
thoughts began stray thought spiller kindness wildness reserve independence deadly bow arrow shot pot learn bow realized bring kill living case defense danger pod hatpin remembered uncomfortably hungrily gratefully devoured game spiller procured questions asked aware savory dish table spiller live house wondered helping borrow taking pod place pod older learn borrow cautious bit fearlessly learning rules knowing tools answer felt question spiller outdoor creature live house throw lot help help sure answer question yes knew bones learn borrow learn borrow times changed methods techniques part rising generation invent suddenly sound small sound library door arrietty stood keeping body covered brick support peeked quiet watched waited
trooped cavernlike hole arrietty noticed hacked hand short tunnel found vast dimly lit space drafty cold warmth sunlit conservatory looking find source light saw patch blue sky inside chimney bit candle end peagreen saying left safety matches tell truth fumbled semidarkness don entrance asked pod yes easy ah exclaimed satisfied voice found candle striking light strange place cathedral sort place soot blackened walls going sky distant canopy cracked floor littered twigs sticks corner neat high pile ash arrietty surprise recognized eyecup peagreen moving light wall dutifully gleam wanted show peagreen saying holding candle high arrietty saw propped end piles looking stones prongs narrow hand fork minus handle kind weeding fork arrietty realized lady gardener miss menzies instance think miss menzies owned fork handle clean
short silence heard pod speech say don wrong walled garden kitchen garden borrow heart content compare say pigeons field mice slugs snails caterpillars mean pod peas give meal grudge witless sure mrs witless spiller bow keeping field mice mite things kitchen garden grudge sliver cheese pinch tea drop milk homily bit ham bone throw bone don say won borrow larder homily saying watch depend larder peagreen glumly moving house turned look smiled wanly explained larder open grating crack slide sideways walk round corner conservatory path larder window route safest run fast box hedge cover inconvenient especially winter snowed point pod want nearer larder
upper stocked mainly bottled fruits jams pickles ketchups bowls sizes tied round cloths shelves narrower main shelf unrecognizable objects laid unrecognizable stood shrouded clean white napkins wire meshed meat covers strings onions hung hooks ceiling large bunches bay thyme main shelf stone flagged floor space filled honeycombed affair peagreen explained later wine rack wines cellars homemade wines cooks season elderflower dandelion parsnip gooseberry left door end room held ajar weight exactly attached peagreen pulley larger giant scales olden days peagreen edging past sill stepped slate shelf lay flush putting hand encourage follow easy easy arrietty agreed fun peagreen let mrs covers lifted wire mesh cover arrietty surprise light peered beneath partridges plucked dressed table dropped cover quickly liked smell lifted corner white napkin crusty pie gleaming golden
arrietty look spring happiest periods full excitement interest night home window seat worn carrying slept beds cluttered piles stacked furniture week week improvements instigated pod inventiveness knew bounds tools constructed arrietty foreseen jumble game larder provided endless supply wonderful odds ends need priority construction kitchen kitchen homily hated cooking shadowy vastness felt knew coming spiller arrietty moved distant shelves nearer grill replaced pronged fork brass wheel discarded grandfather clock game larder set pivot homily turn varying degree heat embers outer rim simmer spokes middle grill battered tobacco tin loosened hinges supplied handle scoured hammered straight pod provided dutch oven found white tiles constructed small table fit homily delighted easy wipe wall kitchen enclose pod puzzle plenty strong cardboard boxes game larder tea chests lengths plywood similar bits pieces
felt strange walking rectory unfamiliar path birds building box hedges moss underfoot edges gravel spiller directions vestry drain place slipped palings wicket gate led churchyard arrietty saw figure moving edge path timmus exclaimed leaving cautious parents hurriedly dashed yes thinner taller brown sunburnt face timmus exclaimed hug hesitated staring believe eyes timmus timmus whispered laid arm round shoulders stooped suddenly pick ground stooped arm shoulders thought saw grasshopper mumbled hear catch voice timmus whispered re crying crying crying gulped course crying suddenly turned face sideways aglow happiness tears running cheeks thought going arrietty habit corrected timmus grammar coming find looking rectory timmus found place re hidden wipe cheeks wiped gently fingers
timmus looked pleased darting bench slipped gap curtains room inside bare stone white plastered ceiling kitchen chairs set wall staircase rose fascinated arrietty round holes ceiling protruded length rope feet rope sausagelike piece padding rang bells family living rectory heard single bell services sunday piece rope ended tail lay coils floor thinner main rope timmus leaped rope clung moment slid sat astride tail watch eased shoes tumbled arrietty recognized pair father ago timmus elder brother looked shoes belonged homily getting shabby hoped settled home pod trade wonderful shoemaker need leather glove plenty left churches look timmus begging standing knot hands grasping rope head going soon saw run mouse climb
lady mullings dream asked mrs crabtree shrugged don mouse home patted lady mullings shoulder thank dear showing worked wonders look rest flowers service tomorrow light mrs crabtree kitty whitlace humming county swinging key finger usual cakes turned beautifully put miss menzies rest sofa fallen asleep tomorrow easter kitty whitlace feeling happy mrs platter amount anxiety gnawed vitals withdraw gaze collecting box standing move whispered platter mrs platter nodded minute voice uncertain young platter gave grim laugh longer kitty whitlace lady mullings set card table spread piece brocade kitty arranged pamphlets picture post cards visitors book neat row front collecting box tucked arm arrietty shuddered heard rush coins end hoping timmus hurt contained rare pound notes act buffers american tourists generous times expect wanting lock lady mullings saying glancing church
kitty whitlace upstairs making bed miss menzies heard bell managed disuade miss menzies cycling lonely lanes hour night miss menzies agreed kitty trembling white sheets smoothing dropped pillow case inserting stumbled stairs sitting room hear gasped yes miss menzies risen sofa kitty left reclining whitlace bed church yes miss menzies left locked miss menzies quickly wake husband telephone pomfret lights hall kitty yes think miss menzies sound knew reputation house fancy feeling dark kitty saying wake whitlace takes bit rushed upstairs pomfret sound voice asleep church arrived bicycle truncheon tell whitlace bring stick miss menzies walked empty kitchen firmly leaving light hall hoped church bit violent
thing arrietty peagreen arrietty reply surprise saw eyes filled tears silly asked peagreen gently miss menzies tell re tears rolled eyes mean peagreen tone amazement saw didn saw close speak didn hope peagreen sharply looked shocked didn arrietty swallow sob promised father gravely sacredly speak human bean turned spiller night heard promise spiller nodded father absolutely peagreen suddenly stern madness utter madness borrower worth salt knows arrietty put head knees burst tears early rising strain past night begun toll angry tone peagreen voice begin understand watched helplessly shoulders shaking sobs tried quench damp pinafore peagreen put hand comfort spiller bright curious eye hesitate arrietty raised angry tear stained face spiller
stage occurred walks blacksmith pass shoe box village agnes mercy foster watch gradual construction thin place hedge interrupt intent happy kneeling pinafore weeds grasses soles black boots turned painting doors windows thatching roofs moss pond sad rain steadily mercilessly streamed warm ground smoked shoebox houses soggy began fall gray mist agnes mercy face staring casement window framed red geraniums nay poor maid mutter shaking head cardboard told ee plywood signal box built solid brick exactly wooden stairs glazed windows real glass open shut wasn realized hinges cigar boxes passed directors bricks red brick tumble pigsty pounded fine dust mixed loosely cement set mixture crisscross mold stood large tin tea tray mold steel corset bones grill tiny rectangles soldered blacksmith contraption pott hundred bricks
pott started put dreamed listening miss menzies nodding smiling mind blank trick learned late wife known talker miss menzies spoke high strange fanciful voice oddest words flyaway expressions dismay recite poetry dislike liked strange leggy loping girlishly happy prattle canary song cheerful debt owed restless fingers concocting fashioning draw paint sew model wood carve slide places pott fingers stiffer stubbier stuck reach quick flash gay lark steady rock perfect tell talking knew young sat rough grass clasping thin wrists bent knees swaying closed eyes raised sun chattering nineteen dozen pott kind overgrown schoolgirl sweet eyes open say bony face shy eyes slid looked violets say eyes forget shining knuckles fingers clasped tightly knees mouse gray silky hair sudden luster
understand pott didn understand vague sort felt rude miss menzies refer found family friends creatures luck course strangest expressions think spoke miss menzies felt safe put pott obligingly yes animals children birds fairies wouldn commit meself fairies pott think commit animals thought badger rescued known leg awful poor things ghastly miss menzies gazed slope peaceful scene groups miniature cottages smoking chimneys norman church forge gleaming railway lines wonderful told found village pott grunted shifted couple feet drew tarpot miss menzies lost dreams notice knees clasped eyes half closed reciting moonlight told night arrived imagine sharp shadows heaps carry push rushy grasses water edge spiller untamed took arrietty village took inside station figures woman basket girl row seat soldier kit bag
loons part religion julius dinger real estate appraiser summers hurd lake north eau claire wisconsin home loons loons admitted loon fanatic julius dies want hymns played wants special service suppose sound silly pass music want memorial service call loon says dinger loon magic ken chip sorlien live squam lake real golden pond hampshire rugged lake country retired general mills sales executive ken moved north boston watch peaceful waters squam watches volunteer coordinator elaborate loon protection effort lake spends thirty forty hours week watching squam loons keeping track volunteers efforts paid personal dividend loon pair nesting artificial nest island front home turned egg chick ken chip offered champagne toast pier loon magic grace james lives husband charlie milwaukee soul found stone lake small attractive northern wisconsin lake grace children summer family expands members stone lake loons watches talks protects unsuspecting fisherman strays close island loons nest grace grabs bullhorn keeps handy shouts lake don loons island
contrary reports early naturalists contemporary loon researchers believe loons feet propulsion diving wings help underwater turning maneuvers foot wing debate cooled advent underwater photography filmed sequences diving loons show clearly legs style underwater swimming dives feet kick synchronously powerful thrusts according sigurd olson pioneering loon research university minnesota true chicks observed chicks trying wings diving attempts buoyant feathers chicks need lot help deep common loons dive simple question sparks heated discussion loon experts professional amateur alike olson interviewed lake superior fishermen claimed found loons gill nets set depths feet reports numerous ignore hard swallow fishermen known veracity feet pressure times normal sea level pressure air breathing animals tolerate unique half bird half fish attributes loon animals top side critter function feet loon loons stay underwater related question loon watcher watched loon dive observing loons small bay burntside lake ely minnesota amazed lost loon timing feeding dives watched loon submerge minutes later started think timing record dive ten minutes later worried loon
date enterprising graduate student counted feathers loon researchers estimated number feathers birds whistling swan feathers house sparrow loon falls feather count number feathers loon large part account bird celebrity status stark simplicity black white design give ancient bird modern look unlike loons birds species separate dress codes males females plumage differences ducks pheasants permanent birds scarlet tanager indigo bunting seasonal differences creating confusion researchers loons identical similar breeding plumage loon beautiful makes field identification individuals tricky feathers looking loons spend lot preening removing external parasites distributing oil gland base tail preening vital survival avian species including parrots pigeons herons indulge reciprocal preening scratch scratch behavior common pairs spend lot nest site short periods trading incubation duties loons nest solo preeners winter loons spend twenty percent daylight hours preening performing maintenance activity molt periods additional invested feather care surprisingly preening exciting watch late august spent full watching pair adults immature loon northern wisconsin lake small allow observation single position
sixteen glances quickly returns attention spot shore seen movement anxious tense males group knows hunting hunting pursued game males band plan things advance simply prowl countryside prepared spring game stones clubs anyway leaders worked plan hunt told sixteen crouching lake understand speech speak band knows talk movement bushes closer moving flash nameless color briefly visible moving brush torn wanting flee cluster females coming shore wanting show fear glances quickly turns stare brush twenty yards hoping catch sight knows movements brush big lucky small deer lost herd lucky frightening cats shred living thing seconds awesome fangs crouches poised jump flee movement comes thin edge brush sinuous movement yellow black
key methods fact radioactive carbon known decays rate plants pick process growth animals eat plants transferred tissues animal plant dies begins disappear known rate seeing remains scientists estimate ago animal plant died methods type developed based fact type potassium gas argon known rate speed measuring amount argon contained potassium includes living things estimate age techniques contributed study mankind fact easier understand types unlike animals makes tools leaves archeologists dig study ancient study tools bone wood primarily stone bones decay stones virtually forever remains hundred ancient million stone tools case obvious times lived left tools prehistorians discover array tools locating single human bone generally turn single tool course happened prehistorians look sites place ancient camped cave lived stored things waited bad winter
tree shrew rasping paw forerunner order primates classification mammals belong primates include apes monkeys rarer animals called lemurs lorises incidentally chance zoo cousin called slow loris means move slow motion fascinating watch primates traits common flat faces snouts horses deer beavers mammals general larger brains mammals intensely social group mammals things common interest specialists large number primate species radiated early tree shrew species species arrived sun died survived miocene period began existed large number apes africa india prehistorians today feeling apes direct ancestor number extinct apes suggested leading candidate today called ramapithecus found india africa word ape misused mean sort large monkey actually types apes living gorillas chimpanzees gibbons orangutans descended primates descended common ancestor
don climb re scared bates tony scared joel licked lips dry swimming going scorcher today tree house dad wood tree house later tony don feel swimming feel swimming joel muttered seeing mind shining blue water municipal pool truth tony rarely felt joel wanted joel wondered stayed friends born street twelve ago birthdays week mrs zabrinsky tony mother started babysitting joel mother months tony spent baby drooling toys joel checked let going things didn tony tony kids boring joel tony ride park today tomorrow swimming joel thought curving watery slide pool sighed tomorrow rain tony plan crazy pretend forgotten promised pool joel resettled lunch saddlebag bicycle seat wasn fun swimming getting killed park bluffs
soon bike going faster pump let coast gathered speed tried glance shoulder close tony front wheel wobbled dangerously turned head eyes forward concentrating keeping wheel tires buzzed smooth blacktop wind swept hair holding face strong fingers forced eyelids open eyes feel dry crackly joel bridge lowest point hills flying speed built figured halfway side push joel reached bottom hill shot bridge fast didn glimpse river knew exactly look muddy red lazy oily looking swirls soon bike momentum slowed legs pace spinning wheels started pumping measuring distance upward side standing pumping began hard force pedal weight legs began feel rubbery climbed started pushing tony pass riding schwinn hill huh tossed words shoulder getting answer turned tony tony bottom hill middle bridge schwinn leaning carelessly fat iron railing hanging railing peering river
started side stroke watch going tabs couldn tony coming didn need tell sounded paddle wheeler twenty feet joel caught toehold bottom look ahead water foamed eddied sandbar hurry places put head began crawl angling upriver current gasping breath turned head wasn tired nervous maybe pool side nearby grab pretty swimmer swim team junior high fall thought practicing river idea tony full ideas reached sandbar apologize tell tony sorry dad tell sorry saying tony afraid swim ways called hand scraped bottom approach sandbar stood beat answer joel turned look stretched river smooth glistening reddish brown sign tony joel wasn water start course
folk found blue moon river song rise longer hearthside days land numbered blue kitten knight small knight quest armed song rewards knights kittens succeed told happens fail small wonder mother cat afraid found black hairs end kitten tail bit hopeful blue kitten black hair chance live die ordinary cat mother cat consoled kitten black hairs counted sure listen river warned blue kitten soon eyes wide open pay attention remember grasshoppers thin moles indigestible birds killed mortal looking important matters permitted forget listen river turned stalked bear tell tail stood straight tall moving grass stubble horrible warning blue kitten watched head side amber eyes puzzled mother turned told listen things turned differently
soon cabins gave place homes boards pine maple birch homes set close company mile road ran east west valley east end mile village green children castle town place play forever church built edge green graveyard dead rest center settled mile tavern gathered talked liberty west end cobbler shop bricks walls shop softest rose color folk seen boards homes valley finest apples soon hung apple boughs flavor connecticut juice taste cider judge fragrance lifting roses sweet unseen cloud hearts passing beat faster feet music part bright enchantment days beauty peace content hearts castle town spite blue kitten began purr beauty peace content tell cried mother cat coming haycock moment field mouse smacked blue kitten sharply ear
course sniffed kitten shiver sitting straight arunah hyde mm river beware wants office thinks office important course yawned kitten loud talker wants show things neighbors kitten yawned head tipped saw blue moon climbing fast told asked river blue kitten beginning kitten tone lifted head stared river interested bushes side loftily blue kitten learn things river interrupted carpenter castle town simple knows born sound river singing father silversmith sang song wanted teach son silver son listen sound river song forever son ears meet demanded blue kitten getting weary blue moon moving west moon disappear understood mother warned learned river song blue moons seldom kitten matter
rubbed eyes picked pebble yield twitch happened mysterious change real rubbed squeezed earth nudged inch course grass shrubs palm trees bird called moment later birds lifted premonitory voices distance closer gibbons aerial acrobats animal kingdom added territorial cries female gibbon uttered rising series woo woos ashur heard keeper describe haunting sounds female calling lost lover quickly male gibbons gave matchng higher pitched cries zoo fallen asleep zoo rushed opening bushes immediately bearings area awakened hub broad entranceway ticket booths joined narrower roads curved interwove cages morning greeting slid mind soundlessly decided thought looked road leading southward strongest light gathered left dawn dusk wait sun daylight clear wished knew exact mislaid wristwatch room aunt ruth told miscellaneous heap growing pains thought wallet contained driver license felt hip pocket relieved answering bulge happened knocked unconscious robbed
breakfast white gold formica table sat aunt ruth looked pale sleep night pretty animals didn snore ashur replied flap omelet dammed mouth conversation aunt ruth turned face window dipped hands pockets pink housecoat putting desire ashur rinsed plate fitting dishwasher spoke saturday don forget bathe winkie house ashur asked surprised missed dog greeting home fetched newspaper aunt ruth carters bet picked fleas ashur took box borax soap winkie fleabath bag bread crumbs goldfish florida room sprinkling pinches crumbs aquarium watched big fellow hungry charge goldfish darted surface cue extraordinary veered dived plants goldfish joined twisting bumping agitation bread crumbs sank untouched bottom winkie run dog stood washtub submitted soaping air trust devotion look directly ashur brought home fleabath sound ashur calls dog bounded joyfully street drawing close lowered ground crept feet saw invisible ashur
rod coglin called impatiently stay forefinger pressured arm softly kiss walked hurriedly sway pleated skirt ashur watched hours tiring conversation rod short point looked head ashur obviously viewed momentary inconvenience rival pick rod loudly parted darlene nodded turning zippitydoodah gasped ashur seething heated cool hope re trouble ashur drive home lost ride yellow pickup sound fine moves wasn sure meant convenient set wheels show didn care special grinned glib mouthed read loud clear try reading lines small voice looked seconds spoke maybe ride socked longest home run side mars girl says retorted lightly clumsily trying play smoothy acting yelping joy shook head gently entwined fingetips felt tips lips touching loss cubs suddenly unimportant place ashur chosen experiment glen secluded australian pines duck pond
sea dawn lid rose silently potato barrel cautiously raised eyes rim barrel look slowly unfolded arms legs stood elegant gentleman black broadcloth coat admit folded barrel bowler hat balanced knees comfortable travel brushed hat smartly head hooked black umbrella arm traveled pulled pair spotless white gloves felt nearly frozen solid permitted contented smile gave small tap barrel clear master jack praiseworthy young muffled voice depths barrel obedient servant replied lifted lid rose barrel school boy twelve sucking raw potato slake thirst patch hair fell forehead yellow scribble cold hungry miserable hand happy wouldn traded places pepper black eyes considerably brightened fever adventure smelled potatoes head toe thin nose smudged felt icicle permitted contented smile praiseworthy master jack jack gazed dark cargo shapes piled high listened scrape sea wooden hull
captain held hand stop voices cut purse struck gentlemen lifted savings praiseworthy young partner seen working passage coal bunkers thief strike victim standing elbow turn meeting aforementioned persons plan capture scoundrel praiseworthy tall calm stepped forward thank captain swain plan simple gentlemen master jack sow signal jack led big black hog center saloon tied post began exchange baffled glances large sow catching thief thief wanted caught purses safe light fingered fellow aboard pig smart animal praiseworthy explained smarter yelled mountain jim sow praiseworthy wise discovered tell dishonest mere feel squeals gentlemen tell simple lie presence squeal remarkable hog say jack looked faces shining flickering whale oil lamps horse doctor mexico fighters judge sword cane mountain jim fur cap suspicion jack fed black sow limp carrot quiet began feel anxious praiseworthy wrong thief wasn aboard lady wilma
aid square mean lady wilma put race catch sea raven captain swain rubbed plump nose cocked eye sailing ship canvas hanging dead yards raised speaking tube lips shouted glad help sir throw hawser wild shouting rails square passengers crew tossed hats air jack couldn help swept joy relief told lady wilma race captain swain didn think praiseworthy hour sidewheeler harness sturdy ox pulling burden equator southern cross rose higher heavens jack education proceeded books praiseworthy borrowed captain swain brass glass night sky textbook examined strange constellations star clouds glittering landscape seen overhead boston praiseworthy jack father mean master jack silent moment times jack felt emptiness loneliness aunt arabella dispel find gold california glad traveling praiseworthy sharing adventures misfortunes butler asked jack brushed hair eyes mean butler wouldn call master jack home re partners call jack plain jack
agree aunt constance agreed inwardly rebelled strong calm influence felt able think loved admired aunt constance reason grateful thought brought subject shared surname knew miss constance wainwright blood relative remember remember earlier surprising think babe arms aunt constance told babe put arms thought prove companionable undertook raise parents told trouble questions knew tell knew thought mother aunt constance mother child need dear friend stern teacher tell truth considered orphaned considered niece miss constance wainwright fortunate care feeling altered events unsettling summer changed going thirteen summer story actually began earlier learned part part commenced clear saturday morning april morning aunt constance
aunt constance consent thought approval decided knew immediately aunt constance advice thought tried think knew aunt constance believed taught think carefully guessed hasty willful nature tried comply wishes orphaned young age raised distant relatives possessed small inheritance support educate aunt constance strength wish emulate early sorrows sympathetic heart rare quality wisdom night sat desk trying consider offer thiel admit chance try hand real earn sum put defray cost education occupied thoughts worst thought solitude accustomed aunt constance company believed company tolerably agreed thiel months july august thiel offered forty dollars paid end summer small sums need aunt constance called dressmaker ordered light simple blue dresses plain white collars cuffs sturdy gabardine dresses arrived shortly leave surprise box plain dresses lightweight delicate dress rosy pink flowers printed
awakened room familiar imagine felt moment looking plain room window facing east sun face woken whitewashed walls narrow dresser chair writing table empty stone fireplace sure asleep dream finished find accustomed room closed eyes await awakening noticed fully clothed shoes began remember thiel carried put bed fearful thing realize strange place strangers bed window red barn carriage standing side smaller outbuilding vegetable garden visible bedroom house thought tell trees hills tall called mountains unpacked suitcase changed fresh clothes washed face hands basin dresser considered opened door listened hear hallway narrow dimly lit lead front house passed closed doors intersection hall stairs tall window looked lawns driveway forest hills house set top smaller hills
thank experience conversing boys couldn sure meant compliment decided wisest course act kind fish asked don trout supper tonight catch try thank watch sure seat strange girls wouldn want watch fellow fish knows reason fellows wouldn care watch girl sew seam seen sew seam sure mother seen fish sat watched impaled worm hook tossed line river bent pick rod sat left bridge trout stay shade bridge explained seen fishing boats wouldn entirely ignorant fishing bridges charles river live cambridge boston odd speaking head asked related thiel working turned head stared working twelve thirteen fourteen mac looked cross father won let job farm strong
reached house ashamed silent walk swallow anger recall manners thiel ungracious excuse rudeness tidied dinner determined apology aunt constance taught unpleasant tasks briskly word briskly liked sounded broom energetically sweeping soon dining room full plates speech thiel apologize rudeness inexcusable sorry began eat imagine surprise heard start laugh laugh loud short barks sound clearly laughter accepted recognized smile occupied face fully disappeared resumed natural expression say owe apology accepted tell spoke rudely yes speak untruthfully teasing tried study face face severe craggy dark glance sharp forbidding eyebrows untruthfully say don live solitary spoke thought things satisfied mac runs wild share company tell
live aunt constance believe friend sister thought heard course irene number friends knew lived separate lives school married irene secret leanings suffragettes aunt course aunt constance says utterly unreasonable deny women vote think carefully women able major difference course education thinks women educated school cambridge thiel board governors academy callender surprised parents surely aunt told don find strange child sister brother want talk family course glanced quickly stopped speaking meaning clear tell inserted tiny grain doubt told keeping ignorance shameful secret ah difference course curious things happen trust aunt constance speaks yes course live
night dinner sitting room warm light kerosene lamp reread aunt constance letter mails took days received letter wrote received thiel letter told events cambridge days knew garden books read remarked thiel satisfied bothered say asked progressed letter aunt constance calm gentle loving soothed read times telling trying compose answer true trying divert mind mac told afternoon succeeded asleep mind returned falls dreams looked edge ravine helpless barely moving lifted head look fled stumbling room thiel house tall dark wrapped cloak able move soundlessly house stood bed pulled bedclothes wept silently begged ravine knew wanted help speak motioned arm helpless afraid knew woman pool beneath falls hood cloak hid face shadows
view inside imagination cheerful gloomy muddled filled vague ideas fears eyes clear thought carefully taught feelings course embarrassed commotion caused night thiel mrs bywall extremely kind appreciated embarrassed understood mrs bywall meant things creeping dreams learn deaths mysteries ten frightened remember spent guidance aunt constance days safe secure orderly knew seasons hours aunt constance patience kindness guided unexpectedly place deeds darkness happened worse committed living sleep bed awoke find bed afloat endless sea sharks swimming sure felt changed steady feet felt understood learn felt fear felt fear imagine felt earlier nervousness pale shadow fear morning hung bottom heart monkey devil face strong hands clung heart pulling weight hairy countenance grinned diabolically wise dark eyes
worked hour luncheon finding interest problem heard thiel leave house later changed dress set bare feet falls carried book planned read put book tree stood silent hear sounds examine feelings terror place held dreams saw stream running fast rains approached edge ravine caution remembering mac care lay stomach looked pool lain helpless fell sides ravine undergrowth boulders break fall thought sides steep sheer drop rolling body end pool water fell falls carried steep cliff tumbled broken bones knocked unconscious strong held standing lay hurled edge ravine injured pull water thoughts reached point touched shoulders strong hands gasped clutched ground tried bury head grass jean mac voice sat nominative mac looked amused didn mean scare
late afternoon house found employer kitchen preparing dinner fowl roasted oven potatoes boiled pan stove shelling peas re looking briefly sharply set table eat hands deft splitting pods open letting peas fall stoneware bowl thought hungry eaten lunch despite cleaned plate servings small callender house young mcwilliams brought pheasant thiel mrs bywall return dark likes stay family meal tasted fact delicious cook partly thank partly surprised lived taught cook hard employ mrs bywall house reminded find callenders enjoy invited return sunday answering questions say accepted nodded deal trouble explained feel accepted enoch callender ambitions thiel answered wife trouble meeting notions help defended villagers memories fault beds
enoch callender acquainted respectable york talk balls teas summer homes watch hill newport mock respectable vivid women sitting watching jealous monarchs debutantes esquires yacht racing lawn tennis operas plays confusion insisted teaching waltz young lady dance properly attend pointed dancing balls place showed steps singing melody held hands read secret wishes danced grassy dell gradually sang tune felt legs accustomed steps grow confident quick dizzy stopped gravely clapped palms softly ball laughed light foot jean knew say breath danced led singing voices sounds truer stronger youth balls danced appealing present partner let tell showed worlds inhabit speaking knew learned living
pleasant sundays middle august awoke dead night moment lay bewildered dream noise wakened seized pain fire scorched stomach sharp pain caused turn bed gasp flaming waves pain passed stomach finally abated lay bed exhausted panting thought think clearly stay bed let illness run course want waken thiel embarrassed thought find mrs bywall woman stranger wished cambridge aunt constance door attacks pain left weak weeping pain discovered terrible change ideas wanted relief attention devoured pain longer cared embarrassed attacks getting worse forced bed hallway called softly loudly thing remember clearly pain voices thiel face mrs bywall face arms holding bed voice bathed forehead damp cloth
groaned voice cut rushing sound water help won sorry didn mean wife joseph run doctor faster jean pain voice try disguise knew thiel home carriage stepped board going fast risking losing balance eyes bare feet wasn felt board move saw callender erect smiling stood end mother told ask stiff boots twist ankle put chin show frightened tried think carefully younger irene thiel lighter survive fall unbidden looked boulders water swirled weather warmer told trying ask missed thiel returned sending telegram mac visit mac word stay property memory thought angrily serve thiel maybe callender father hardness irene told laughed idea preposterous trying force choose dan
stumbling noise deer breaking cover mac appeared falls looked briefly ran slightly upstream charged water hey yelled splashing wildly yelled stood amazed aunt constance bent mac pushed water thighs cuts face shirt ripped pulled bank hurtled head lowered slammed thiel father forcing backward let mac breathless raised fists thiel father grabbed hands spun mac arms crossed chest mac struggled feet free jean panted run house tell father jean urged tell nurse burst laughing knew shouldn couldn help mac stopped struggling looked shoulder father ask friend aunt constance asked stood pushed hood head mac jaw fell oliver mcwilliams known mac let introduce miss constance wainwright mac face turned beet red let sir mistake reasons father thiel told dark eyes laughing allow rest face reveal understand curious attacks correctly trying protect daughter
left tell important things left important disastrous events completed maybe aunt constance consequences matter callender uncle spoke doctors reason loss speech medical reason spoken wanted refused longer move legs sullenly refused help hoped gambled lost confined wheelchair dr mcwilliams died specialists boston agreed london vienna saw father care callender family journeyed europe live small hotel germany alpine spa mineral waters supposed produce miracles send money mrs callender bank munich writes say joseph responsible family manages properties decided purchase half callender estate victoria attends concerts balls suitors benjamin apprenticed bank munich letter mrs callender sounds clearer mind happier stronger letter half accident closed strange remark
sitting staring numb wonder suddenly eyes focused mirror room spell broken moment fraction took recognize laughed stiff hinge arms straight sides hair wisping face eyes round blank daisies blinking smiled imagaining daisy petal lashes climbed bed forgetting warning coming sneak sudden stabbing fade quickly martha tried hang examine minutes later brushing hair window watching sunlight turn straight strands straw gold going happen shivered leaving fading shadow felt fear happened school roosevelt high school martha sophomore turned corner sidewalk bird brown bird perfectly wild brown bird sitting martha bent picked course young bird baby wasn young fly sat martha hand moment flew gentle boost martha flew low branch nearby tree sat low limb looking martha blinking round black eyes suddenly
ivy carson rosewood hills wispy thin small dark face triangled high cheekbones pointed chin notice hair eyes wild hair thick curly combed foamed tangled curls inches thick head halfway covered face habit sticking lower lip blowing upward especially wanted hair eyes noticed eyes barely curly thicket hair strangely beautiful huge dark set heavy fringe lashes glowing jewels skimpy setting thing noticed moved bones lighter air managed immune law gravity discovered ivy afraid expect dark high places dangerous monsters martha abbott fat straight pale hair cut short cried combed home known marty mouse front teeth coming easy frighten school martha classmates quiet fat teacher sweet child awful daydreamer
happened martha late going recess started empty hallway turned corner ivy sitting railing talking wasn martha embarrassed walking trying pretend noticed close touch ivy hi martha jumped mumbled walking ivy jumped railing ran re martha ivy martha nodded ivy screwed face eyes squeezed shut concentrating think opened eyes maybe heard teacher say ivy hear talking martha nodded uncertainly ivy nodded eyes dark gray kind smoky black stared blinking martha started squirming finally ivy talking nicky friend mine nicky martha looking hall red eagle call nicky short mind leaned forward softly indian indian martha squeaky voice leaned ivy look carefully hall umhum ivy small held hand big martha looked carefully railing empty corridor wasn nodded nervous smile bringing school lonesome harley crossing
fortune table early secrets bent oaks grove based suggestions ivy ivy endless supply information magical things fact endless supply information nearly heard aunt evaline wasn martha knew deal ivy aunt evaline knew aunt evaline ivy aunt actually distant relative ivy father lived town ivy father grown ivy father owned house harley crossing carsons ivy born mother sick hospital aunt evaline started taking care ivy ivy mother home arrangement wanted stay ivy told martha mean mother martha asked mean soon aunt evaline took home days knew wanted stay silly martha born baby remember newborn baby don says ivy martha believed believed ivy decided days wanted live aunt evaline believed ivy aunt evaline wonderful person ivy
martha known instinctively early age cut girl scout course cath started brownie martha mother brownie leader difference martha thought liked nice definite appointment mother week uniform martha brownie age mother involved important things leader named mrs wonburg martha supposed sorts ways run brownie troop mrs wonburg troop sort cross ladies sewing circle boot camp green berets martha didn embroidering samplers girl scout laws liked taking nature walks lockstep ivy member course abbotts wouldn hear martha quitting fall daydreamed meetings puffed staggered calisthenics wandered lost hikes mrs wonburg reported mrs abbott martha emotionally unsound scouting save thursdays mrs wonburg worked hard salvation martha days ivy fortunately martha grandmother decided spend winter florida abbotts full schedules martha unsupervised hours nearly hours spent ivy bent oaks favorite places rosewood hills lake onowora
night dinner mrs abbott thought nice martha started dancing school kelly martha protested mother insisted afraid try find lots fun started surprisingly cath rescue cath course dancing school authority experience explained mother girls started young lots natural talent martha suspected cath thinking embarrassing chubby awkward sister galloping looking ridiculous leotard martha grateful anyway martha mother looked martha sighed involved children age tom riding lessons suggested maybe martha learn ride wouldn marty re checking books horses don martha suddenly uncertain true loved horses safe distance look horses onowora stables big maybe learn small beginners small beginners cath rolling eyes asking training wheels horses training wheels sounded safer dancing school kelly martha agreed try mother wasn bad started
martha sat grass tom waited moment tom looked grinned sour kind grin wrong worst quarterback threw stupid pass game today coach yanked yelled front rest game home dad read tom stern face listened telling play son happened martha giggled tom imitation tom grinned asked martha sit grass read wind willows tom asked play game monopoly martha didn think liked monopoly okay tom friends monopoly fad going considering amount spending martha thought looked run beginner luck hit things absolutely wiped tom tried didn want taking money houses awful win tom finally lit expensive property look tom let pretend town asked stay care hotel didn pay rent
josie magic worked sorts ways ways dreamed expected martha exiled florida grandmother happened end summer martha ivy sixth grades feast planned celebrate fact martha finally learned climb place high tree called temple tower fork slender wavering limbs high ground known doorway space channel martha forced lower doorway specially developed concession fact tended dizzy high places finally real doorway reason celebrate feast held falcon roost roomy hold low josie boosted pulled join food martha house menu based martha thought seriously missed bit person carry ivy going help fortunately grandmother abbott club days home ivy home martha didn explain excuses knew experience brought adult abbott attention martha spending deal ivy carson abbotts started trying find sorts things martha
cath wasn laughing leaned trunk tower tree looked martha ivy smiling odd smile took moment martha realize smile odd completely ordinary lifted eyebrow curled lip usual extras hi cath didn mean spy sitting uh thinking stayed martha ivy nodded martha remembering recently heard tom teasing cath named guy started going steady martha wondered maybe guy important cath important sit afternoon tree couldn hear cath sounded interesting sister magic ivy martha poked ivy warn ivy understood shrugged babies born magic ivy babies born knowing sorts magic stuff start thinking separately forget aunt evaline says cath grinned ivy carson crazy kind respectful kids stuff singing sounded crazy poetry read english cath opened small purse carrying took brush began brush swinging hair cath martha thought heartbroken makeup kit finally cath shook smoothly perfect hair smoothly perfect face martha getting late marty
lonely martha finished sixth grade seventh mixed feelings happier times lot unhappy stayed disgustingly changed rapidly felt count finally true number castle court cath junior high school tom sophomore friends grown ways cath friends wore crazy beautiful clothes treated part huge ridiculous joke laughed lot loudly tom friends huge football types crew cuts noisier cath friends trying half hard martha lot watching exciting times felt part cath friends included conversation talking retarded tom friends important fullback high school team grabbed hair door squeeze kitchen practically wall wall boys refrigerator squeezed past fullback grant wilson reached grabbed hair held head couldn move hey look caught yelled looked
question leaped martha mind hey remember say changeling changeling ivy laughed stuck lower lip blew upward untangle curly wisp hair eyelashes exactly sure re changeling grinned wickedly going fly broom maybe start sprouting horns tail turn monster don show signs martha look ivy looked martha head side don changed sounded accusation martha suddenly felt guilty martha looked uneasily slimmer places bit taller retainer braces finally teeth says look look pretty ivy matter factly mattered re starting look grown look pointed front martha tee shirt martha hunched shoulders grinned sheepishly bra wearing borrowed cath ivy perfectly blank faced martha heard sorts questions judgments defensively girls wear ivy looked thoughtful minute fiercely going grow help refuse wanted mean think stop growing
walking single file narrow trail ivy walking ahead looking shoulder talked wearing childish dress eighth grader cotton dress gathered fullness rows faded smocking chest feet bare dusty hair thick braid hung waist small thin face overpowered amazing eyes ivy eyes supernatural difference martha beginning feel deep hidden difference ivy wasn flickered flame burning angry halfway martha asked wrong adult warning flame flared don trying tell walked silently martha wanted say didn tell wouldn ivy held head stiff kicked dust bare feet suddenly lizard lying trail ivy squatted martha waited silently lizard move thing dead martha asked ivy glanced eyes cool clouded worry don think moved hurt part tail martha tried catch tail
tom signed art classes fill gap schedule football left adult abbotts talked bravely adjustment morbidness complaints tom told martha didn mind meant big difference martha sensed morning walked dining room entirely changed ways things abbott house important change martha abbott listened understood agreed martha tried harder listen smaller difference happened soon abbotts door neighbors peters stopped speaking days happened abbott talk peters neighborhood talking tom friends apparently talking lie kelly told course conversation abbott asked peters knew accusation kelly concerning martha ivy peters quickly kelly explained wife gregory complete satisfaction kelly explained wasn lie heard martha ivy talking break
ivy change things changing spring big musical martha small part padded turned things liked play play ran weekends martha discovered face terror felt performance place applause warm wonderful thunder told won later stage discovery decided try write play english class assignment turned short act skit staged part fund raising assembly put eighth grade class raise money graduation party eighth grade finished lot martha expected summer high school began martha hated think starting high school school larger farther home full terrifying prospect turned bad expected instance turned advantages remembering marty abbott tall slim girl blond hair fat silent marty mouse rosewood school home number castle court things changed martha father full partner law firm started working hour longer martha mother won spring tournament trophy began spend extra week golf course
ivy ivy ivy sitting edge stage bent oaks grove martha rocked whispered question question huge question longer martha sat began realize question parts part ivy ivy sixteen look act small girl wild dark hair fantastic eyes claimed thought longer martha thought began important part question part martha abbott martha abbott ivy feeling martha stomach tighten blood tingle face heard carsons returned excitement martha glad ivy partly fear fear unknown maybe fear mean marty abbott today marty abbott ivy carson rosewood hills question martha abbott usual martha didn entirely believe answer shadows deepened bent oaks grove overhead sky turned deeper duller pink martha waited wondered worried questions answers questions began turn daydreams
don believe whispered mrs berryfield father bathtub bicycle simply don believe mrs barryfield janet sat heels bathroom floor gazed side tub bicycle mom plenty room tub heard daddy left morning true suppose think boy bike maybe riding edge fell mrs berryfield shivered look steep broken leg tangled tail smashed bicycle smithereens crispin pretended hear watched talked march practicing bicycle rodeo kind track find rough smooth hilly flat berryfield bathtub convenient upstairs cellar crispin family lived houses air park cellars modern flat roofed story structures built concrete slabs fall berryfield house berryfield saying pathetic house cellar attic bathroom bigger closet bathtub short fold capital wasn sides tub low couldn wiggle toes splashing water floor
janet ran harry bicycle shop blocks hill gate air park worn asphalt sidewalk hill friend full freakish cracks whiskery grass surface waves water bulging feet expected fun smooth sidewalk air park harry friend sidewalk shop full twists surprises fun visit understood pets janet bicycle shop april vacation newborn beagle puppies carton harry room wasn thinking beagle puppies today harry bent bike polishing didn stood silently inside door catching breath wondering ask wheel mouse bicycle mrs berryfield looked bathtub lunch found mouse fast asleep hanging drain plug swollen tail stretched thought lunch discussing agreed thing amazing mouse saved berryfield planning returned bathroom dismayed notice dark line scratched mouse pedal bottom tub bicycle crashed janet ran fingers hoping rub white enamel scraped metal beneath
mrs berryfield needed think mouse injured tail took straight doctor potts office ground floor house block bicycle shop easy walk air park doctor potts family doctor janet nursery school look janet wrist sprained pencil sharpener berryfield bought opened closet office pulled biggest roll adhesive tape mrs berryfield seen strap sticking plaster wonderful stuff mrs berryfield believer certainly sprains pains aches breaks sore throats berryfield claimed ailment happened doctor potts sticking plaster yards put bow top christmas box feel mrs berryfield thought sat times doctor potts outer office seeing mouse waiting appointment matter seen fox kangaroo beaver waiting fact tail mrs berryfield sure mistake bring mouse doctor potts kind gentle mouse wouldn frightened especially daredevil mouse entered office doctor potts smiled inkwell smile wondered discovered brought mouse patient
ridiculous short ferry ride york brooklyn took ten minutes underway hour john roebling definitely wasn waiting stood deck fulton ferry fifteen son washington glowered gray east river choked ice beneath feet deck trembled added steam pressure needed big paddlewheels turning river needed bridge york rest brooklyn boat treacherous east river bridge wouldn matter ice fog storms heavy tides yes east river needed bridge country knew building bridges john roebling john augustus roebling trained germany finest engineering school arrived america age twenty manufacturer iron wire rope country builder suspension aqueducts suspension bridges suspension bridge basically bridge suspended cables hung towers fastened end john roebling building suspension bridge niagara gorge suspension bridge designed carry railroad trains john roebling impatiently paced deck ferry saw reason east river shouldn suspension bridge secret brooklyn wanted bridge yorkers course didn care bridge
bridge named john roebling called east river bridge known brooklyn bridge empire bridge bridge york brooklyn bridge roebling bridge john roebling didn care called begin john roebling race completed plans bridge months york bridge company named chief engineer salary newspapers published plans stunned size bridge price tag john roebling bridge longest suspension bridge half cross east river arching span roadway suspended huge cables hung catenary curves supporting saddles tops granite towers catenary curve natural curve formed cable rope suspended fixed points clothes line held end hangs catenary curve city block size piles stone called anchorages brooklyn york hold ends cables secure river span suspended part bridge tower tower river feet land spans suspended parts bridge tower anchorage partly land partly water feet combined roadway approaches sections bridge started ground level terminal buildings ended anchorages bridge total length mile
march caisson finally finished launched east river fanfare lots speech making refreshments band playing visible part project thousand showed watch preparing caisson site took longer colonel roebling expected wasn tugboats towed caisson river colonel roebling mixed feelings rode east river flat roof caisson site fulton ferry slip father fatally injured timber roof water compressed air pumped open botton caisson rubber hoses roof upside rowboat floating pond air remained caisson upside rowboat airtight shell dig river bottom silt mud reach rock hard footing caisson rested firm footing filled concrete solid concrete filled caisson serve underwater foundation brooklyn tower east river course pushing working chambers order water provide air workers breathe air compressors driven steam operating shore pump compressed air caisson night normal air pressure sea level atmospheric pressure called pounds square inch air exerts pounds pressure square inch matter
seen plenty bridges wasn excited bowled misty morning queensferry suddenly saw top top tremendous mass metal grow rim hill ahead minutes car sight water gasped saw bridge gigantic monster bridge stretching immense length mists side river couldn grasp size uncle told mile side middle spans feet monster tubular legs big drive train looked heard train whistling distance dull clang express began cross looked ho model train creeping interlacing metalwork row ants unheeding prehistoric mammoth quiet uncle left lone monster sprawling length gray silent water unforgettable sight rail bridge london science museum today silvery twelve foot glass cased model masterpiece measured find arms cantilevers project feet ends suspended lattice girder feet making spans feet total length bridge feet miles
main types bridges simplest oldest tree trunk fell stream form beam bridge known primitive beam bridges standing postbridge dartmoor england consists huge flat stones fifteen feet supported piles stones bridge east dart river scientifically multispan beam bridge opposed single span tree trunk gap river wide longest tree trunk slab stone deep piles stones built form multispan bridge soon found build brackets springboards side lay gap form cantilever bridge rail bridge cantilever bridge tropical climates vines creepers grow profusely early soon discovered twine creepers tree side chasm tree opposite side suspension bridge found remote parts tropics consist ropes swaying crazily breeze cry modern suspension bridge thousands thousands miles steel wire cable types bridges arch bridge brackets span water wedge small lumps rock wedge weight weight put wedges closely
scientific principle true arch pieces true arch rely weight hold resistance shear friction pieces form arch try books wedge tightly stay release pressure slide find joints pieces real arch pieces called voussoirs pointing center wheel arch part rim keystone top center suggests important piece squashed halves arch arch bridge need big pieces required span piers small pieces stone provided carefully shaped fit tightly large arch big advantage wood bridge permanent fire resisting find master bridge builders olden days romans soon turning timber beam bridges stone arch bridges bridge river tiber rome wood horatius gallant companions defended known poem tells later bridges masonry stone brick roman arches big feet span feet high sizes rarely exceeded today materials arch big snag built sides holds pieces piece wedged piece temporary timber falsework centering erected arch molded arch completed falsework
iron beam bridges railroad era solid metal plates known days metal economical iron course enormous advantages masonry consistent piece tested withstand stress similar piece relied behave hidden knots wood internal cracks stone sections bridge built tested fixed complete structure ability build bridge sections ways construction main pieces floated position barges need falsework obstruct river spanned greatest early railroad beam bridges undoubtedly brittannia bridge menai strait majestic suspension road bridge completed robert stephenson famous son famous father george beam bridge rectangular tube flat plates central beams feet longest span iron beam feet fact tubes side side line train running line train solid plate design strange today stresses metal structures remember iron developed solid plates steam boilers natural bridge builder think terms solid plates
looked foundations chapters labelye wooden box float site piers coming iron steel metal boxes compressed air tunneling led pneumatic compressed air caisson onward pneumatic caisson watertight box closed top open bottom floated shore sunk river site pier big area pier deep top water bottom riverbed open bottom sharp cutting edge water pumping air caisson gap develop bottom air bubbles water similarly air pressure bicycle tire bubbles hole searching puncture push inverted tumbler water compressed air inside keeps water level inside caisson dig soil cutting edge caisson gradually sinks solid level bed pastry cutter sinks dough caisson final position filled concrete water line foundations rail bridge scotland built famous brooklyn bridge tragic result builder trouble deeper foundations need higher air pressure water
railroad prevented reaching east scotland mile width angry water firth tay iron science rail bridge stormy water masterpiece opened single track rail bridge multispan beam construction tay bridge eighty spans thirteen soaring high proud navigable waterway midstream piers brick concrete carried sturdy cast iron columns braced wrought iron straps massive wrought iron lattice trusses lay top columns bridge heaviest trains crush bridge wildest wild waves bleak estuary disturb easy fight nature win eighteen months bridge firm rock proudly carried mail train sunday december storm arose wind screeched eerily high girders mail train edinburgh dundee began fateful evening journey lights twinkling scudding rain squalls suddenly watchers bank saw shower sparks plummeting raging water thirteen high spans complete entire train soul aboard blown piers survivors real failure designer admitted special allowance wind pressure likely weight train span tended lift supported end order allow expansion spans fixed sufficient wind blow sideways supports
survival easy gathering wild plants required endless patience hunters simple stone bone weapons ten thousand ago dramatic revolution obtaining food took place realized seeds planted convenient place cave shelter soil cared watering weeding turned growing ground earliest tool straight pointed stick strong digging later bent shaped stick person pull soil held faint suggestion plows follow generations later simple cultivations marked definite break complete dependence plants animals found produced inspiration plant cultivate part spread parts steps worked regions possibly populations increasing rapidly foods scarce threat starvation lead inventive thinking centuries revolution producing food variety farming styles developed steamy jungles found soil productive slash burn method areas land hopelessly dry fertile bringing water sunny plains farmers eventually began manufactured wooden plows stronger iron tools animals domesticated helpful farm food
ground prepared cuttings plantain trees garden planted heavy single cutting weigh ten pounds plantains important crops bananas sweet potatoes taro manioc squash avocados papaya corn cultivated side brazil find slash burn farming highlands guinea climate american farmer wonder rains entire spite natural vegetation flourishes planted gardens problem guinea farmers lay land area miles terrain rise sharply river high mountain ridges gardens set steep slopes holding soil place logs expertly arranged family works team important project father mother children relatives combine efforts guinea tribe tsembaga planting seeds fence building fence going garden plot fences needed pigs wild domestic pigs helpful nuisance clean garbage collect homes turned loose abandoned gardens plow soil hard noses searching tubers breaking earth needed natural vegetation able start quickly reforestation begins times pigs food question valuable purpose adult pig requires food human
flung parts finding variety ways produce food explorers pioneer settlers crossing oceans making distant lands took plants soon able thrive territories sweet potatoes native mexico peru reached islands pacific ocean columbus set voyages columbus expeditions place contributed agricultural exchange ways corn cuba europe returning brought wheat grain mainstay civilization hundred later colonists south carolina cultivating rice seeds brought madagascar hundred passed russian immigrants brought red wheat important variety prairies dakota territory importance food plants continued increase scientists number countries began study soils effect crops planted studies efforts increase efficiency farming feeling needed hand animals help plowing jobs requiring physical energy number tools wagons move harvested crops advances methods production especially england america progress lagged late eighteenth century experts commented delay real progress farm management inventions strange agriculture industry learned developed
sixteenth seventeenth century spanish introduced cacao tree fernando po small island located hundred miles north equator west coast africa fernando po seeds leaped short distance mainland nigeria ivory coast cameroons gold coast areas offered perfect climate soil conditions cacao provide bulk supply today ghanian laborer named tetteh quarshie brought cacao beans home fernando po produced ghana cacao crop ghanian farmers exported thirteen tons cacao exports reached tons figure continued double redouble ghana ranked number producer cacao today area accounts percent output nigeria largest producer ivory coast brazil fourth ghana independent nation country british possession known gold coast precious yellow metal found supply cacao outstripped gold country chief product gold coast gold produced form small brown bean cacao plantations located valleys coastal plains areas plenty rain falls soil rich drained underbrush cut large trees felled dry season burned cacao tree easily damaged wind shielded fond sea air sea breezes
achieve fermentation beans merely heaped pile ground days loaded fermenting trays tiers shallow boxes look bureau drawers fermentation sugars pulp surrounding beans converted acetic acid brownish red color fermented beans dried countries beans dried spreading bamboo matting hot sun turned frequently artificial drying beans trays indoors dried hot air pipes drying beans lose nearly moisture half weight beans dried sacked strong jute bags nearby port city shipment buyers sample quality crop cutting open number beans inspecting crop quality grower receives prevailing market price depends abundance worldwide crop economic conditions price cacao continually rising falling grower sell beans sacrifice price cacao growing countries try prevent happening ghana instance built hundred giant storage silos look huge airtight towers american farmers store cereal grains ghana silos capital city accra able store tons cacao beans period beans silos price cacao attractive place market
group london merchants petitioned queen elizabeth grant charter giving exclusive rights trade spices east indies queen awarded rights trading expedition quickly organized ships command sir james lancaster sailed woolwich december bound east indies wondrous spice islands fierce storms ghastly calms dogged small fleet deadly disease struck crew ships reached southern tip africa dead lancaster ordered pause voyage length expedition renewed cape ships slowly eastward stopping islands lay course water fresh supplies june fleet finally reached indies dropped anchor northern sumatra lancaster bartered spices pepper fill ship vessel loaded lancaster sighted large portuguese galleon sumatran coast appeared loaded promptly chased caught plundered ship transferring cargo pepper cloves vessels ship loaded returned england remaining ships sailed south island java lancaster barter able secure cargo pepper sailed england february voyage took cost lives hundred english sailors involved country incident portuguese lancaster punished criticized arrival england opposite hailed national hero
danny dunn bent strange device hung ceiling bedroom directly desk red hair tousled thick freckles face scrambled frown concentration friend joe pearson thin sad looking boy stood nearby hands deep pockets think joe asked apparatus consisted flat piece wood eighteen inches ball point pen fixed end slight angle bar wood supported pieces clothesline ran pulleys fastened ceiling double pulley wall counterweight fastened ends line beneath pen sheet paper danny try pressed center bar began moving slowly pens began write wow joe cried danny straightened grin yep looks invention success homeworks takes joe rubbed nose thoughtfully thought won miss arnold catch look alike thought danny replied fix putting papers slightly angles handwriting look arithmetic homework re english homework save half hour baseball practice studied writing moment sighed save think hours school making school home
hello face danny stared speak english sure thought holding ladder danny stuck head window disappointment irene miller girl father dr miller astronomer going teach midston university town moved door yes professor bullfinch talking dr miller moving night didn didn girl family sorry bother irene balloon roof balloon danny help smiling look kind playing balloons mean girl laughed weather balloon anemometer measure wind speed yes wanted wind velocity high kite flying danny looked awakening interest amount respect hey bad idea glad balloon stuck roof thought climb ladder danny hall climbed stairs attic small dormer window let roof balloon plastic wind gauge fastened line caught television antenna
professor bullfinch laboratory low structure rear house reached short hallway crowded cluttered equipment end large space clear curved desk typewriter microphone high panel desk filled tiny light bulbs number flat square buttons colored panel desk oblong gray metal cabinet size large sideboard heavy electric cables leading danny professor gravely dropping shirts chair decided give big job sure going leave miniac care cried joe re going leave maniac care miniac joe danny professor computer pointed desk cabinet midget giant brain professor bullfinch blinked mildly midget giant confusing dan let say smallest automatic computer call miniac irene asked interest short miniature automatic computer danny explained gosh exciting professor finished yesterday scientists trying electronic brains smaller professor invented type tiny switch narrower magnetic tape build computer small look small joe remarked dr mark computer harvard called giant brains filled room professor joe eyeing machine fascination
professor euclid bullfinch hummed cheerily set large crucible pot withstand high heat furnace filled corner laboratory checked temperature setting shut furnace seated stone topped laboratory benches opened notebook moment chewed end fountain pen looked thoughtfully open window sweet scent honeysuckle garden murmur bees professor drew deep contented breath wrote mixture oven tried approach type plastic results justify laboratory door flew open red headed boy pretty girl dark pony tail flying burst room professor boy shouted need help professor bullfinch looked rims glasses mild tone shut door danny sheepishly boy professor put pen perceive calm stopped obey emergency drowned burned swallowed earthquake danny dunn rubbed snub nose added gee professor mean guess shouldn busting sorry didn stop think girl irene miller dear hope haven interrupted important dan professor protested smile
smell strong smoky faintly sweetish odor professor bullfinch sprang furnace pulled open door ah sighed goose certainly cooked young drew closer fished crucible iron hook pot turned dark brown stuff smoking ruined danny asked afraid won hard duplicate mixture professor opened window let fumes escape moment wall telephone rang mrs dunn answered speaking moment hung dr grimes professor dr grimes airport mrs dunn pulled corners mouth imitation dr grimes gruff tones tell bullfinch fetch don trust careless speeding taxicabs laughed sounds grimes professor planning explore bottom sea afraid taxi dan irene eat share cookies took jacket peg door putting danny professor irene stay lab list fish noises professor bullfinch stopped arm sleeve danny gently boy blushed re going say protested don want experimenting re ell professor left lab tried launch rocket window opening window don trust boy
professor bullfinch led friend dr grimes front hall amusing pair professor short plump rosy dr grimes tall craggy lean face looked perpetually tasting sour put suitcase looked hall harsh voice bullfinch professor smiled tell guessed dr grimes laughing heartily tiny wrinkles corners mouth professor let lab settled check dr grimes rubbed hands week rest deep diving ship bullfinch going perfect undersea laboratory seen hrmph minor details yes wrote professor minor problems type metal resist pressure question space inside vehicle problem observation minor dr grimes interrupted diving pacific ocean certainly hope ship ready dive murmured professor remember re swimmer plastic observation window ready dr grimes put lean hand professor shoulder look bullfinch talking going drat don agree couldn expedition leave home
turns carbonated beverages start medical cures look history times greeks romans thousand ago won find record soda pop find believed water cure wrong human body greeks romans hot baths cold baths steam baths treat illnesses provide relaxation weary bones muscles greek physician hippocrates pledge service humankind recited doctors praised curative properties water natural spring greek mount helicon called hippocrene waters power inspire poets parts china egypt turkey north south america healers baths waters cure patients today athletes sit steam rooms whirlpool baths relax stiff joints muscles patients suffering diseases injuries ranging arthritis broken bones hydro water therapy water reputation tonic sick injured bodies hundreds greek roman empires fallen europeans discovered natural springs places vichy pyrmont france springs flowed hot volcanic action deep earth gave waters strong tastes odors dissolved chemicals minerals waters tonics common wealthy europeans waters head health spas soak springs drink water matter bad tasted smelled
artificially carbonated waters bland sipped plain club soda fizzes bright taste required addition flavorings sugar bring soft drinks flavorings soda pop grew medical pharmacists added roots herbs carbonated waters taste improve curative properties soaked raspberry leaves ribwort nettles birch bark currant leaves dandelion sassafras strawberry leaves soda water process discovered soda water taste current standards deal addition americans known nonalcoholic small beer brewing molasses sugar roots yeast herbs colonists encouraged avoid drunkenness consuming small beer switchel molasses vinegar ginger brewed yeast water brews strong stuff wouldn liking sweeter plain soda water helped making sweetwater part american tradition sweetwater large vats kettles farmhouse kitchen mrs isabella book household management written told ginger ale sugar ginger root cream tartar lemons yeast mixture set brew fire overnight bottled corked farmhouse cooks developed recipes small beers ales roots herbs dandelions dug yard black birch bark stripped newly felled tree sassafras sarsaparilla roots pulled flower garden
asa candler marketing decision influence coca cola rise national prominence rely legend stories claim unknown approached candler amounts mentioned versions story tell candler rich coca cola candler paid gave slip paper words bottle story true asa candler lead charles hires decided offer coca cola sale bottle happened hire root beer bottles asa candler sales coca cola increased dramatically candler figured handle bottling process felt expensive bottle coca cola atlanta ship country soft drinks water water heavy expensive ship created called franchise bottling system licensed bottling plants locations coca cola franchise opened vicksburg mississippi syrup prepared atlanta adding carbonated water spot franchises sold rapidly successful asa candler claim coca cola drunk territory united states deal secrecy surrounding recipe coca cola syrup story tells asa candler hired frank robinson bookkeeper pemberton chemical company knew secrets coca cola frank robinson simply sniff batch syrup tell according formula
spite discovering parents strong wise brave shock discover parent sick times care parents flu maybe sprained ankle upset stomach reason upsetting deep inside kid thought parents able care suddenly awful happening changed feels suddenly frightening dangerous parents mother sick amanda couldn understand father stopped talking spent evening bedroom josh seen grandfather cry scared house cried wanted hug quiet room dining room mother sitting acted wrong smiled asked school word hospital operation say understand feeling feel worse tell brave strong feel scared weak grandma walks apartment wringing hands crying goes saying poor babies looks brother feel angry
alison found parents crying ran brother room wasn helpless brother walter father doctor school told truth father recurrence cancer treatments feel pretty sick hair fall feel sick stomach alison walter quiet walking home passed sporting goods store walter buy father baseball hat wear hair fall father loved hat children told parents knew happening alison daddy throw wouldn mind helping remember buttons puppy clean sick mother started say sweet don looked thoughtful moment re wonderful kids help lot help change daddy bed terrific read daddy resting alison walter didn feel helpless anymore david angry aunt bea felt helpless david feel thinking mother feelings daddy brought mom home cast leg arm david ran room wouldn say hello later father room
important things disease separation body mind sickness wellness happen person meaning word psychosomatic things happen person breaking leg getting burned mind body inseparable rate healing influenced feelings matter fact person broken leg heals mind body brains send messages part bodies glands hormones kinds chemicals begin study biology school learning fascinating signals messages part part frightening dangerous happens hormone named adrenaline released body energy makes handle shock pain effectively badly hurt don begin feel pain medical attention worry fear change goes inside person person ulcer stomach due fact body secreting acid stomach stomach deal tells person stress things worry paying attention health mind body working tiny baby cried felt hungry hurt
comes biggest reason feeling impossible explain need vienna sunday sunday birthday happen say goose bumps thinking parents feel bad spending birthday re planning home late dinner sunday give presents nice couldn wish neck leg break stood doorway skis poles rucksacks backs waiting means luck lots times tonight reason couldn words wish powder snow thanks mutti reminded opa oskar father call taking restaurant supper saturday night sunday evening vati home thirty train don impatient presents kissed left sunday thirteenth february thirteen lieselotte friends turning thirteen thirteenth month pretty rare mean sunday mean sounds ridiculous especially considering superstitious remember exactly look lieselotte face discovered birthday green eyes wild grow lighter color unripe hazelnut shells light brown eyebrows amazement looked amazed
suddenly noise krrrtttzzz match struck didn bluish orange flame burst light thought saw devil leaning curved viaduct wall saw face match light eyebrows slant weirdly devilishly flame died dark darker help help tried scream sound mouth thing thought happened stories happened couldn move feet legs felt turned stone girl devil silence sounded ordinary viennese wasn fooled thought devil sound want kaugummi knew peppermint rubber inside candy didn swallow chewed hours liked spit don austria imported america wouldn moved wall stood statue reached hand put piece noise krrrtttzzz saw strike match flame burst look pants unbuttoned stick stuck straight don wrote knew reached hand knew wanted touch legs changed stone run fast greyhound run fast side light streaming
sidewalk clear passersby stuck thumbs ears wiggled fingers opened mouth wide face gargoyle reflection window stupid hoped drive memory started seeing lady wearing lilac hat bird real feathers perched top tight skirt high heeled shoes knelt front altar praying hands folded hand busy scratching fingernails grated cloth skirt don let giggle lieselotte remember laughing harder harder couldn help insides hurt stopped fun clamped lips shut laughter burst put hands mouths didn help felt roller coaster wurstelprater wishing stop hurtling mitzi shushed church servant black coat striding looking mad shushed loud mitzi curtsy floor begged pardon country accent couldn stop pushed nearest door getting took forever shook heads passed wondering possessed remember thinking reach door spend eternity getting keeps staring eternity re hell don door
restaurant asks learning formal schooling curious missed told lots things knew poor small village bohemia tanner father opportunities couldn stand stink animal hides drying sun twelve set seek fortune young fairy tales parents blessings satchel things owned foot rides wagons drawn horses motorcars days vienna rented room bed strange family apartment building toilet thirty families fun job bank adding figures age girls worked factories fourteen hours worked twelve hours days week earned money live allowance director eldorado insurance company restaurant talked insurance insure insures money maybe times says times critical hitler conquer place start austria question soon
upstairs floor stood front apartment heart knocking rang bell wau wau wau furious barking german shepherd tell ran reflex help hear landing stairs opened door floor wait catch voice shouted thought children playing game ring doorbell run herr vessely don voice decided couldn wouldn gotten dog kind hate lieselotte wouldn let thought starting home gotten apartment easily hard find apartments days family moved maybe didn apartment looking staying hotel meantime thought hotels telephones mitzi telephone calls shouted breathlessly opening door throwing coat gracious fraulein mock laughed count hohenlohen baroness von haven called inquire health today meaning telephone calls true girls class friendly telephones susi konig anni hopf call lot calls drop things snake skin
bringing dishes mitzi going bedroom mutti cleared table mitzi didn food left mutti wanted mutti sat bed propped pillows brighter smile father night table stood birthday cake hazelnut favorite kind mitzi baked hidden morning mutti night table turned birthday table heaped presents wouldn missed meant birthday straight station hospital leg cast hurting presents things wanted brown leather pocketbook admired store window karntnerstrasse blue pullover crystal inkwell fill pen leather bound book poems heine present dreamed fourteen ticket opera vienna opera famous parents envy pass building majestic arches decorative statues niches imagine finally performance ticket march lohengrin mother favorite opera held hand saying parents thought speechless surprise yes surprise wasn glad didn want
minute nazis fled marchers marched hurt stayed happen close buildings hurry follow suddenly vati wheeled calling uncle franz ge voice cracked middle trying killed vati ran tall thin boy toppling forward father caught arms tommi blood trickled tommi lowberg forehead blood mouth chin vati hands full holding tommi grabbed handkerchief vati overcoat pocket wiped tommi face cut left eyebrow didn look deep blood mouth chin nosebleed tilt head surprise sounded calm took care hurt fights tommy tilted head held handkerchief nose till blood stopped inge run neuer markt find taxi meet vati neuer markt short block ran waved arms big black taxi stopped father half dragged half carried tommi inside rolled window father fanned air asked face hurt kicked motioned passed driver hurry father gave lowberg address soon taxi roared motion tommi opened eyes
bed couldn sleep method works method start telling story stop point point story continues dream story wearing bridesmaid dress silk stockings high heeled blue suede pumps silver buckles dabbed perfume known called magic nights ears hair story grown shoulder length going party farfetched susi konig giving party saturday invited bring casually knew hundred boys waiting ask anyway doorbell rings tommi lowberg elegant dark suit tie cut forehead shows reminder bravery hands sprig mimosa knew favorite flower silver gray eyes look straight mine eyes speak language words thinking need tell re going susi konig party says takes arm scene re street tommi snaps fingers fiacre appears drawn shimmery stallion looks noble lippizaner fiacre puller climb cab driver seat travel moonlight windswept field silver airplane awaits climb inside tommi pilot rise air circle night shrouded vienna dropping leaflets poetically written impassioned persuade vienna worse nazis vote yes sunday
va started scream put hand mouth teeth chattered pulled bed curved felt warm shaking couldn stop heard vati knocking study door oskar wake vati dressed going don worry re taking clean streets kissed mutti soon looked dressed formally going temple promise waved shut door heard door close mutti crumpled pillow hit fists pillow strangled whisper sobbed hard bed shook felt nightmare falling bed falling hole felt angry shaking screaming mother comfort moment thought maybe scream turned sobbing anymore trying control hand cigarettes lighter handed pulled cigarette pack struck flame puffed inge pretend didn course mitzi gna frau gna frau think opened door mopped face apron blame
bed narrower softer mine eiderdown overstuffed extra warm wall alongside bed wooden crucifix nails christ hands feet blood painted looks real headboard cheerful picture virgin mary sky blue cloak blond wavy hair halo golden stars prayed poor herr plattau won hurt mitzi knees picture holy mother god spite don let poor soul damned eternity don forget find catholic marry fredl amen turned light lay listen mitzi church swastika flag didn yesterday heaven secret haven plenty yes tell terrible happen trust mitzi told church going morning wanted knew lieselotte told mitzi sat moon shone happy looked bed knelt floor thank holy mother god bed sighed goes show turns stinking dung heap flower pokes
thrilling happened thought thrilling irmgard knauer head line talk troop leader matter think admit beautiful figure actress hair color wheat dyed complexion pink white natural rouge powder pots troop admires mad karla told lots girls crushes irmgard asked looking told impressed jokingly couldn tell hawk hen close invited march front talk re lucky whispered karla girls looked enviously edeltraut forgot tell edeltraut wiecks enemy marching line head high ramrod straight chest newsreel soldier turn carry flag naturally didn turn knew hear irmgard talking irmgard told events coming troop folk song evening special showing olympics film dance re lucky asked attend giant youth rally regenburg expenses paid voice fluttery magda goebbels magda goebbels supposed beautiful woman reich irmgard ideal told boyfriend otto handsome misses
handwriting looks shaky hand shaking home noon meal father stood top stairs waiting coat living room lean chair father took belt hum air screamed sounded animal faith father beauty lying stop screaming pfaltzes think re roasting spit stayed bent chair retched till threw felt rid feeling mutterl standing kitchen holding ears crying crying cleaned mess inge letter write send wrote father told took letter shelf hall put mail postman pick crossed return address wouldn able write figured wouldn write anymore naturally forget put letter shelf thinks soft hearted listen colleague sa herr griesshof wife writing letters herr griesshof didn
christian lowberg asked telegraph operators mistakes vati herbert christian don sound bit alike didn think mistake later found mutti didn think bear school happen begged parents let consulate mutti needed cigarettes vati tobacconist shop sturmer display case week edition sturmer front page usual ugly potbellied jew snot dripping huge hooked nose headlines hundred jewish suicides daily thousands needed goering calls jew cleansed vienna pfui inge don look filth mutti coming store pulled turn vati consul mutti waited waiting room quickly lot unemployment yugoslavia consul told foreigner let job yugoslav citizen vati shrugged looked grim hurry office mean herr office report business neglect ayranization bureau race usch block warden ruins hannerl re worn inge home taxi won walk extra steps left mutti wasn ready looked face pocket mirror moved hat angle put powder nose dabbed rouge cheeks
father door didn act surprised didn ask wasn school father mother frau dornenwald pleasure shook hands invited took coats study sat mutti hands shook handed pocketbook smoke father brought ashtray took pipe table drawer started filling leisurely oddest feeling sat mutti places rectory opposite priest black cossack feeling place felt home exactly anyway comfortable glad felt sunday reception clearly part occasion class father classroom mistake felt tried couldn call father don think feeling catholic priest think happens kind person feel mutti relaxed hands stopped shaking don felt cigarette steadying anyway told situation beginning usch course ending yugoslav consul asked thought help thought gave books thin bound red thicker black thin catechism thicker testament
stocky guard frowned visas don need vati aloof voice beads sweat forehead showed baptismal certificates guards talked rapidly croatian slovenian regulations changed stocky visa expect vati asked indignantly put hand face guard wouldn sweat running inconvenient mother brightly surprised saw consul sound consul close friend didn tell reservations lovely resort took brochure hotel showed guards madame visas required mutti gave ripply laugh vienna visas miss days stay give rooms looked stocky guard eyelashes re egyptian tobacco guard took memphis short conference colleague thought didn speak german moment vati vati put coat stocky guard sat mother minutes heart pounded loud chatting heard sure vati tall thin guard showed stocky passports
rat tough tender thanks bounced hard surfaces okay company care saying lot consider flaw edge saying cold print dangerous stupid truth honest haven glimmer happen andrew rat freshly arrived france humpton wyoming looking trying things hopped freight le havre stops chartres ribs close hunger find cellar empty story higher kitchen look groge flanked henchmen muscled hangman ropes seen gargoyles town sprinkled knew rat ugly groge gluey blend worst nasty habit grinning angry find later eyes bright think burn holes stone glance monster polite quick comment ca va say loud hollow stomach allow looks says takes tail getting limp bodyguards say relaxes bit smooths moustache comes teeth supposed laughter
andrew say shot impractical fashion strange town wall put cold wind coming diary entry small pause realize true remember remember cathedral figure rat set housekeeping traffic thick food distant likely mouse territory proud idea sit minute longer congratulating smooth fur forehead scrape dried mud paws head south entrance stopped moment threshold statue holding book eyes deep think talking guess moonlight shrug whimsy push swinging door opens squeak scene move fast position column hidden shadow color charcoal gray couple breaths forget danger front rows rows small chairs wobbly lines facing guess altar statue lady dressed purple yard goods gold lace lighted lot candles circling hem skirt flickering catches crown colored stones head
sit sun minute pondering mark accident bear grudge groge suddenly begins look size racket hires killers chance going mix point bird reappears saw spot trouble says yeah reply tersely mood discuss future ragged type squats silent smiles watch snatch partner flicker idiots dangerous glance closely eyes warm bright maybe knows things don guessed say friendly feeling groge yes sighs wish give groge ticket pretty town showed ugly face meaning clams fast comment weather find hungry stroll nearby chicken run late breakfast corn feeling livelier hollows filled curiosity groge activities sharper hunger bird tells richet invites tour cathedral accept smiles hour morning masses tourists admire including crypt downcellar richet says building hundred older floor passed chapel hear argument rear left wall
maxi amberville characteristic impatience lifelong disregard regulations sprang seat moving concorde taxiing stop raced narrow aisle forward exit fellow passengers sat aloof tranquility paid price class ticket travel paris york felt pressure hurry flew eyebrows elegantly raised sight unpardonably pretty girl undignified rush taking demanded stewardesses arrived madame arrived course arrived damn things spend ground air maxi quivered fury inch body packed nervous energy intensity purpose expressed disapproval air france madame return seat hell hurry maxi stood ground feet planted flat boots wore travel short dark hair ruffled directions standing straight covering part forehead thick bangs fell indignant face riveting room full beautiful women mere beauty irrelevant uninteresting subdued daylight cabin alight anticipation enter ballroom maxi wearing tightly belted cognac colored suede jacket worn jeans tucked boots shoulder bag slung sam browne belt shoulder opposite hip pushed bangs impatiently revealed thick blaze white hair born streak sprang hairline eye
ambervilles child daughter named emily known minnie mouse finally minnie child cutter born depression wiped small income henry amberville newspaper zack local public school andover generations ambervilles attended school managed hunt kind paying job jerking sodas delivering groceries chopping wood running errands town shopkeepers didn care contribute family funds summers spent working newspaper father learning business trying sell ads taking tasks father single henry amberville eliminated tiny staff depression grew worse zachary brilliant student skipped eighth grades sophomore high school spring senior high school barely fifteen applied scholarship number colleges dream harvard cambridge stayed close family sense responsibility parents minnie brother cutter strong proposed high school forget college ambervilles permit manage zachary don contribute tuition think going son mine college education father voice trailed horror enormity idea
occurred lily missing pleasures admired young males thought partners class criteria judged elevations number leaps security gripped waist lifted occasional contact boys social difficulty finding say cloister dance speaking voice silver sweetness tremulous slightly timid lily wasn dressed rehearsal clothes beloved worn tights leg warmers leotards sweaters turned bundle moving rags idea wear viscountess adamsfield woman taste chose clothes lily conversational ability practice banter say sports films cars horses boy age attracted moon loveliness soon gave trying respond pay attention wandered search girl animation parents lily cousins concern strange swan nurtured wonderfully matter wouldn quick worldly success adolescent matter course presented court simply odd curtsy photograph lenare enter grown lily drew line debut party season
cutter sat edge bed put arm carefully protectively bare shoulders lily undetonated bomb minute blow sky high instant told pregnant seized cramp panic barely able react wordless necessity let bubble lunatic joy scrambled mind considering import news words withdrawn deep inside understanding suddenly absolutely thinking planes meet cutter loved lily able love woman qualities admired inborn sense superior aristocracy flattered needy nature purpose private pleasure marvelous sensual adventure lust lie fact means taking hidden gloating revenge zachary publicly taboo lily sister law married woman children fact pregnant past months fascinated passion vanish mind emotion felt utter fear determination situation matter darling intend asked calmly intend don intentions thought married live happily words gentle hands balled fists yes suppose thought
skin thick ignore public opinion thought customers carefully low profile partners thought magazine business newhouses hearsts annenbergs attitude say cutter publisher going juicy big nasty story media magazines folding hundreds hundreds thrown based judgment spent minutes magazines tiny perch business wife cutter turned paper knife rearranged inkwell adjusted desk clock silence maxi continued obviously intended say wouldn want shoes hold press conference cutter pavka join piece company media adore consider genius grand remember lines block retrospective museum graphic arts institution father gave chance say fact wavelength pavka idea zachary amberville faith future magazines faith forget father legend re trying blackmail maxi won magazines business morning decision mother
india voice speaking ceiling winelike infinite shades range darkly potent burgundy icy brilliant champagne warm mellow bordeaux unearthly sweetness sauternes hollywood stardom india longer found strange talking loud recognized problems star speak frankly urge bask glory confidant irresistible confided trusted likely read columns ceiling interesting observed hangover severely limited options couldn stand noise music didn strength focus print worst wanted talk phone thought began feel tears forming eased painfully bed clasped robe headed slowly pool lying feeling sorry india threaded path garden intended look tropical spending hundred thousand dollars landscape decorator managed achieve unreal rousseau landscape monumentally exotic plants india present mood menacing grotesque uneasily wondered tigers sleeping gypsies snakes suddenly network underground sprinklers sprang ominous series thuds supposed night stood buffeted dozen nozzles enormous german shepherds barking wildly sprang giant ferns knocking
angelica amberville cipriani entered april months maxi rocco married perfectly respectable degree prematurity society high low began counting fingers rocco snapped catatonic wedding actually took place maxi delightedly senior high school prepare rocco loft arrival baby lily zachary tried insist baby home hospital comfortable apartment maxi nanny help kitchen cook clean took granted buy furnish apartment subsidize salaries staff rocco firmly refused traditional wedding present silver service making thirty thousand dollars habit total financial independence deeply rooted parents contributed upkeep won scholarship art school worries earning support wife child maxi eighteen girls grown capable mothers age competent charge modest households maxi approached future blissful energy cooking schools offer rocco choice french italian chinese food took classes separate methods giving birth case changed mind mid process shopped saks ventured order buy layette complete detail
august matter hot season monte carlo month balls fireworks ballet gathering peculiar assortment royalty groupie rich miss visit monaco august thirty bonus period tax exiles ninety countries lawyers accountants command residents monaco rent expensive dwellings pay upkeep eleven months month harbor yacht moorings premium month myth monte carlo annually reborn maxi felt intoxicatingly reborn anticipation trip assembled wardrobe filled suitcases wardrobe black banished armed enormous letter credit local bank afternoon changed dollars francs evening bag bulged beekman place high stakes poker game took place nightly york occasionally enlivened sumptuous early widowhood maxi yen visit real casino resemble las vegas gambling thought shopping couldn part couple call question skill matter luck picking numbers gambling boiled choice choice collaborative cooperative pursuit arrived looking shoulder making suggestions maxi thought virtuously fling widowhood constricting deserved fling obviously crowd pressed entrance casino felt equally festive
heaven sake milton bizet demanded recoiling look partner leon ludwig smugly telephone book sized telegram maxi hand knew milton ask alarm curiosity feverish delight actually wondering heard announcement wedding utterly glorious looking kirkgordon person maxi indecently macho earl bought marvelous house london certainly going unfaithful let english decorators beastly hands mayfair course mayfair give telegram castle ludwig announced handing pages trust maxi taught think big scotland ludwig ominously yes forest says heating fireplaces big roast sheep minstrel galleries follies marvelous paneling family heirlooms tapestries pictures bathrooms tiny windows defended invading royalist troops means lord knows ago damn thing falling pieces thousand glory wasn vaguely comfortable stately home milton bloody fortress calls castle dread maxi wants soon preferably tomorrow start cozy
rocco flipped dummy end slapped hand closing firmly pushing going sell rocco mean chance rocco asked didn think maxi jumped relieved believed quality don mean quality god knows mean catchy reflection twisted mind sell copies want sell dollar fifty re raving cheap costs buys maxi don break news re talking biggest circulation books country sits supermarket checkout counters point sale women automatically put shopping carts maxi calmly meant audience cosmo audience house audience women rocco women lot women country buy magazine likes magazine fun magazine guarantees steal concept rocco demanded blue buck fifty enormous circulation million money ads ads re living dream haven distributor bet wouldn money maxi dignity aware crapshoot gamble
told didn friend friend friends cared led questions concern trying wanted left peace try deal fears growing learn live idea count solve problems refused lend presence heart turn mother sensed keenly deeply needy bereaved young widow spite beauty jewels ending social devotion lily knew words begging care discovered martial arts started taking lessons managed spend late afternoons free burden maternal emotion mother shown sister kind emotion tinged tainted feeling couldn define learned hate spite love kind worship youngest child decided maxi constant trouble mother toby independent special spite slowly approaching blindness left lavish feelings justin bear burden special child favorite
solemn group descended plane airport lynchburg virginia issue press printed gigantic meredith burda plant located lynchburg arrival separated groups rental car wasn big hold justin lend maxi moral support drove car maxi julie brick greenfield car driven allenby winston montgomery managing editor suggested pavka gloomy face set normal expression resignation dignity patience mounting steps guillotine personality changed maxi decided monty suited nickname general actually smiled smiled observed likely smile accompanied angelica refused let maxi plane school school harper editorial control job month stay printing plant entire printing process inspecting copies presses making sure printed correctly making maxi clutched precious bundle color proofs brick greenfield monty final corrections preliminary sets blues color proofs undergone process correction returned meredith burda maxi eyes didn register virginia countryside tried remember felt set emotions enduring scorned call fear honestly
cutter canada lily asked seen leonard gerry wilder dinner times met courtship major business transaction presence trip thought liked gerry perfectly agreeable woman weekend trip look timberlands company owns don realize brings difficult memories change cutter expression surface polished absolute charm happening tightening resolution darling re bit indulgent changing mind minute fact zachary died canada shouldn place impossible visit live house shared painful difference planned trip weeks gerry counting company leonard inspect stands timber lily complained drag kind weekend consolidates relationship number york dinners cutter explained comes weeks sit talk business ubc personal relationship leonard difference won admit won aware true hinges re start group amberville speak big girl darling
san francisco weeks later jumbo booker secretary buzzed amberville calling york put jumbo surprised call expecting word reached cutter amberville publications passed cutter left job booker smity jameston jumbo president lost touch high flying employee extraordinary news cutter unannounced abrupt unexplained departure publishing reached corporate grapevine grapevine effective passed knowledge cutter sexual exploits marriage jumbo perfectly aware cutter able find job investment banking cutter dozen job interviews materialized jumbo knew cutter grapevine slowly operated highest levels san francisco society influential gradually aware candice amberville killed number guessed number arrows gossip flown manhattan gossip contained small group gossip leak circle gossip shocking vile heard unwilling cutter amberville longer suited jumbo booker needs superiority favors roommate wished laid eyes association embarrassing worse embarrassing
rocco maxi absolutely going say maxi beautifully indignant negative don going say required answer gotten smarter pop doorstep virtually clothes wear loft summer met looking young fucking pretty criminal knows bring pizza interested sweet helpful soup commercial honestly think wouldn re setting major con maxi admit don believe change characters grow asked reasonably tugging white streak don think want relationship father child friendly interchange adults laying rest anger hostility start rocco angelica mutual love coexist city kindness regard coming mind maxi shape blackmailed viciously making dummy drunk head cold raped times anyway absurd maybe proved show want
pigeons flew alley swoop settled awning grocery store dog ran alley torn cracker jack box mouth boy boy running hard fast stopped sidewalk looked ways saw street deserted going dog caught boy fear started running ran block dog legs short appeared wheels cracker jack box hitting sidewalk glancing boy didn running boy knew notice dog trail spilled cracker jacks suddenly boy slowed stairs entered apartment building dog stopped sensed danger passed stood moment bottom stairs eat cracker jacks scattered sidewalk snarl pigeons flown inside building boy running stairs stumbled pulled banister going safely inside apartment sagged door mother sitting sofa going papers boy waited look ask happened thought able hear wrong terrible breathing mom minute orders straight
marv hammerman look sizing duo mother created strength faint smile hammerman reach grab cymbals clang hammerman set twang forty minutes stumble talking mother ezzie help mom ask ate lima beans looked mother hungry eat thought going choke emergency choked boa constrictor strangled boa constrictor ezzie taunt boa constrictor bite strangle bite ezzie admitted painful strangulation worse rate survival measure trouble imagining ezzie jungle squeezed boa constrictor tried imagine ezzie face pink earnest boa constrictor loop tried hear ezzie voice taunting sure strangle bite let try bite hey mouse coming ezzie opened door hall voice stairs megaphone eat rest later mouse chair moving door mother ran quickly apartment stairs ezzie waiting sitting soon saw mouse ezzie hey happened school
thought marv hammerman viola angotti blow baby pat wanted double steps ezzie watch stomach fighter protect body lot valuable stuff trick ezzie moving quickly ducking getting ezzie quick steps feet flashing sidewalk dance mouse mouse suddenly remembered ezzie told bitten tarantula emergency start dancing immediately ezzie supposed special italian folk dance quick lively steps mouse picture lively dance front hammerman hammerman watch moment expression face dance reach peak mouse arms legs blur motion hammerman reach sort slow graceful movement bowling effortlessly mouse stomach mouse leaned forward shielding body arms cleared throat hit ezzie ezzie stopped dancing sure relatives walk living room trying hit thing accidentally step sister feet feet mouse buy ordinary shoes takes insult step fast mouse learned getting hammerman hit sounded apologetic
put tape tape deck heard grandmother footsteps slowly circling hall parents bedroom library gigantic apartment partly father thought grandmother live calls disoriented grandfather died ago guess afraid wouldn able manage condominium florida grandmother living twenty moved riverdale grandfather furniture business tried tune grandmother footsteps vague mumbling noises makes routine parents dinner party baby sitting ten brother kaylo sixteen guy baby sitting normal pastime pay call going rates choice luckily asleep twelfth grade french teacher mlle grazier says accent suggested playing records re supposed repeat phrase play compare accent monsieur record je charles repeated feeling jerk talking aloud empty room voice lower try speak french strange things je suis un etudiant stopped catching sight grandmother doorway pushed stop button want granny asked dad grandmother mother says talk soothing quiet voice grandmother crept room
class monday morning presentation call stage fright classes makes wonder diamond actually choice schools high school left diamond diamond school arts grade high school audition outsiders don automatically actually kind amazed skipped grade means peaked ten ago sixteen younger class shows true musician maybe don care wasn nervous auditioned home parents began manically asking told failed needle thought musical whiz kid known music ms abbot theory teacher fond saying sure going doubt riveted lucky job kids give performances school assembly held week presentation class discuss kids give rotten performances try tuberosa calls attitude counts practicing knowing music
eat late dad home puts granny bed euphemism sorts frequently hour dozes moderately peaceful meal josie cook worst thing happen family vegetables dream witch room night kaylo picks food sandwich mom leaned forward mean witch funny white hair stood bed walked mom waited till josie carted kaylo bed dessert turned father sam impossible wasn witch gustel tie bed father sighing kaylo slept pretty soon charles half night asleep half dad gave sly smile re bad charles manage stay awake hours mom looked night guess dad told phone call okay cautiously reason shielding father wandered settled josie glass carpet room looked spilled taking pills spilled grape juice mom sighed sam josie hired nursemaid aging cantankerous paranoid lady
miss pickerell settled knitting bag umbrella square toe city supermarket checkout counter pushed eyeglasses inch farther nose peered look numbers cash register moment wondered losing mind decided odd exclaimed turning neighbor mrs broadribb stood checkout line prices mean cans cat food tuna surprise flavor savory sonnet cost mrs broadribb inhaled exhaled deep sigh ample bosom heaved effort bird watching glasses wore neck bounced purple patterned blouse precisely opinion replied saying trilling telling objections fact market nearby trilling square toe county piano tuner mrs broadribb friend nodded vigorous agreement added letting finish sentence saying oddity prices put miss pickerell easily explained experience musical instruments clue miss pickerell exactly connection want impolite comment advised clients trilling keys put ancient piano reason approve super modern equipment market installed premises miss pickerell looked store equipment referring
apologized pumpkins nancy agatha leaving sitting automobile engine throbbing miss pickerell saw black white dog floppy ears half hidden pots high laurel bushes stotz sr stotz jr owners pizza parlor put sidewalk stotz sr called pots voluntary public service miss pickerell knew member citizens committee complained mayor friend governor condition sidewalk strongly suspected stotz sr gotten pots sweep litter promised someday inspection exactly going pots didn stop jammed brakes took look dog tied coarse rope stick pushed middle bushes end rope knotted tightly neck forevermore miss pickerell whispered thick rope choking piece paper dangling rope sighed heavily automobile told don turn ten minutes later dog small grateful sound miss pickerell loosened knot stood stroked head hand tore piece paper rope
miss pickerell decided skip rest part moment decided postpone trying figure small diagram accompanied list point computers mad say wow miss pickerell read part breathed sigh relief continued rest list computers connected talk telephone maybe mad fight leave dog loving nephew euphus miss pickerell sat trying imagine computers possibly say argue telephone pumpkins meowed complaint dreadful television music disturbing windowsill nap sampson standing bolt upright feet voiced protest yowling singer yes miss pickerell told think unbearable walking parlor turn television set singing sudden stop voice announced interrupt program important message mayor ladies gentlemen honor mayor mayor miss pickerell observed face appeared screen beginning lose hair definitely bald place top head trying hide combing rest hair straight didn help miss pickerell decided mayor began television address smiling broadly saying morning folks hope feeling fit fiddle
thought family mine didn notice family weird roger snooterman pointed roger paper boy neighborhood spring roger drop bill rang doorbell played notes rainbow answered door mother jogged front hall radio earphones mother cindy roger asked jogs inside house exercise family weird roger roger mother grown wears red sneakers summer winter rains red sneakers galoshes answered roger embarrassed things family father person chesterville rides bicycle umbrella bicycle horn plays notes frere jacques tell weird umbrella keeps rain sun head horn lets coming hear coming anyway singing opera roger likes sing opera especially bicycle roger rolled eyes let forget sister sneer rides school roller skates twirls baton don thought roger acts family
days busy school didn think stop family weird teacher mrs reed gave difficult homework assignment assignment wasn hard rest class impossible supposed watch tv program night write review class mrs reed told notes watched told write names actors actresses roles played names director producer told jot happened show scenery wrote review supposed notes write show tell liked class excited assignment gonna watch journey planet zetto friend grant think watch bob bobby show girl class named brenda looking forward writing favorite shows thing impossible family tv set kids class tvs friend family color sets black white don crummy black white set parents say bad sit stare tv say things watch tv things big deal tv important
weirdo parents sister started acting skits took notes scenery costumes don join cindy mother asked tv father don act taking notes don feel sat mattress scowled worried write review heard show roger snooterman told skit hospital afraid operate zookalooloo bone sarah nurse screen father closeup patient zookalooloo bone mother patient wife family acted skits commercials asking join wouldn skit astronauts going moon sarah mother astronauts father control station ten bring moon mother asked father blasted green cheese father blastoff forgot label collection sarah astronaut rocket ship blasted tv show copied names cast flashed screen couldn written fast mother father sarah basement clock night fifteen scream
watching movies marked kindergarten figured movie commercials actors running scenes eventually show tv surrounded heroes jimmy barnes throw basketball hoop villains anthony fisher forever raiding lunchbox father stuck minor role figured movies thinking actors idea looked stars extras character actors clowns cast boring middle road role play hero brother kid block going real action drama ol charlie type needed quarter piece binder paper shoulder cry scrubbed whitewalls class car wash took decorations dance brought cookies bake sales wrote homework assignments notebook didn bother write call later pal call minute regular players didn show blind date cousin omaha cracked knuckles music held ladder strung crepe paper needed help job math test date call ol charlie
house miles middle town air conditioned car re walking hot pavement hundred degree heat tar melting sticking shoes seconds thought bicycle knew mysterious chet wouldn ride bicycle wear propeller beanie chew bubblegum patted hair place started road led main highway house subdivision called cascade ranchettes maybe re heard ranchette lot big regular yard small horses allowed wagon wheels lawns horseshoes nailed white rail fences dad chamber commerce brochure mentioned golden hills saw vacant lots open fields sick brown color dead grass weeds ten steps stuff socks full stickers green lawns vegetable gardens bordered lawns rest area weeds baked death cascade sun blocks wondering plan walk town kneeling going tough playing cool mysterious chet wringing wet clothes sooner later walk home hotter thing course turn wasn revert type fifteen minutes
tucked dodgers cap pocket walking living room didn need bother heather didn look catsup commercial want town asked bus ticket civilization stepped door heat thoughts point tromping oven especially nick destroyer waiting chance break bones thing stay home cool safe sixteen stirring cascade ranchettes walked deserted street thinking movie seen left earth didn stop walking reached main highway stuck thumb car luck running wasn counting ride highway lane job obviously main drag freeway built ran parallel railroad tracks huge power lines overhead edge town service stations converted appliance repair shops reupholstery places motels open signs announcing bargain rates turned ratty looking apartments cars highway divided categories air conditioned featured rolled windows bored looking sweaty kids hanging windows red faced drivers glaring windshields type stopped hitchhikers eye green mustang
herbie jones rang doorbell didn want grade teacher miss pinkham lived corner margie sherman supposed home school fever herbie looked siamese cat sitting porch didn look friendly herbie rang doorbell tall thin glasses answered hello herbie hello hodgekiss brought annabelle cards class give herbie figured job turned headed steps minute herbie won give cards annabelle doctor contagious anymore herbie stopped cold supposed deliver door miss pinkham anyway annabelle louisa hodgekiss talking poster contest card shop town annabelle decided talk class didn raise hand daisy poster herbie voted friend raymond martin poster viking ship herbie remembered quickly annabelle took memo cube initials alh recorded names list checks minute hodgekiss repeated herbie trapped half nodded walked house felt throat getting dry raspy
real nice card bed cat thermometer mouth hmm wonder poem inside herbie began reading annabelle giggled sheet shook funny wrote herbie tipped chair herbie jones annabelle straightened herbie jones wrote herbie proudly annabelle quiet moment cat sukey jumped bed started petting fur john yes annabelle herbie enjoying speaking herbie uh huh didn vote daisy poster herbie wondered going find checks herbie jones wore earrings school october herbie counted check halloween annabelle continued supposed pirate knows pirate wears gold earring herbie wore pair strawberries herbie remembered pair found didn want hang sister room kill getting jewelry annabelle wrote story thanksgiving turkey head chopped called turkey annabelle herbie grinned story favorites check figured gave salmon birthday check memory herbie thought decided leave getting dangerous figured played john
olivia banged pantry herbie read poetry mrs jones clapped hands fun poem olivia stuck head kitchen sauerkraut hand mean dumb poem sense bed dark sun herbie explained needed word rhyme red olivia finished herbie asked olivia mrs jones replied encouraging brother interested writing poetry living room read real poetry olivia phone rang picked ring herbie weaver herbie face grabbed phone sister hello hey ray herbie waiting hour important business remember herbie completely forgotten supposed raymond martin house forgot okay dinner herbie walked washington avenue crossed fish street wainwright crescent took ray house library block needed painting grass tallest overgrown shrubs covered front porch herbie skipped steps knocked door knew doorbell wasn working
omri father objected strongly omri calling slum car didn walk half mile hovel road station omri school home gloomy afternoon october clocks meant station practically dark omri children walking playing hanging hovel road hour wore school uniform course took blazer tie train stuffed school bag left white shirt black trousers gray pullover mussed stood pass local school uniform required circumstances omri begged parents let change schools wouldn obvious outsider maybe couldn imagine going school kids term half running gauntlet mindless antagonism working regarded pack wolves group waiting corner amusement arcade knew knew waited passing highlights faces postiively lit saw approach took courage walking moments remember bear
omri sat heels staring clearly cupboard strange key grandmother mysteriously fitted commonplace lock turned ordinary metal box machine difference put plastic object ax indian tepee quiver arrows close door turn key things real miniature real real leather real cloth real steel put plastic figures human beings animals inside took lock real real alive living toys lives personalities needs demands fun games omri naively expected bear toy submit tamely played tiny stature ferocious savage warlike domineering omri soon realized grown ups found cabinet magic properties indian omri secret look feed protect indian patrick found secret sneaked texas cowboy cupboard person trouble started bear boone natural enemies close killing times respective ponies caused endless difficulties adiel cupboard key fallen lock lost omri patrick faced dire possibility magic dead minute helpless remain omri giant care forever
bright stars kneeling bear looked indian word omri shook head bright stars wrung hands pointed bullet wounds word louder special indian remedy wanted omri thought clean wounds knew mouthwash horrible stuff mother gargle cold bottle shelf jumped fetched head spinning beginning realize insane start business remembering awful sense responsibility anxiety unending succession problems solved didn patrick give occasional support ideas patrick patrick useless didn believe omri soaked bit cotton box disinfectant handed bright stars making swabbing gestures show caught quickly light delicate strokes cleaned blood bear coming holes omri remembering injured warm noticing bright stars shivering snatched gloves worn school recklessly cut finger scissors indian soon inside woollen finger sleeping bag omri bright stars looked omri asked happen
remarkable born worcester massachusetts october robert goddard showed deal curiosity things child frail couldn boys running jumping sports avid reader favorite reading books articles space travel authors jules verne wells sit hours reading rereading verne book earth moon noting author fiction wasn factually correct writing correct facts margins especially liked parts author preparations trip moon study excitement trying reason actual possibilities mission period months newspaper called boston post published series articles called fighters mars war worlds boston articles space flight mars earth invasion boston martians young bob goddard found exciting reading curious possibility actual space flight burning need find things forever experimenting seen electricity produced battery uncle workshop noticed electric sparks scuffing feet carpet putting facts decided rub zinc battery shoe soles try produce big spark lift earth mother soon put stop experiment didn dampen curiosity
goddard knew look crowded place conduct future tests require money especially meant moving job clark luckily happened attract attention col charles lindbergh famous aviator solo flight atlantic lindbergh felt goddard pioneer working odds dream visited goddard talked possibilities rocket flight visit interested goddard wealthy guggenheim family ask funds inventor guggenheim family established guggenhaim fund promotion aeronautics organization grant goddard carnegie institution smaller grant test facilities goddard move test site uncrowded area scanning maps weather charts selected mexico sunny days warm conduct flights round piling car mrs goddard drove west search location found mescalero ranch roswell open area population wife assistants worked clark set shop stayed break conducting lonely research projects paying attention tremendously important future goddard happy able full rocket projects left teaching shop fixed crude living conditions
rockets continued bigger fly higher longer distances moving supersonic speed eighty pound rocket flew nearly mile half performances improved goddard continued search refinements decided needed complicated fuel feed system dependable thought turbine driven pumps fuel soon devise lightweight pump turbine unit give tremendous thrust important weight range flights earlier rockets liquid oxygen gasoline forced combustion chamber nitrogen escaping tank rocket eliminate tank reduce rocket weight designed centrifugal pump system sustaining started pumping required pump gasoline tank chamber oxygen tank chamber challenge find start pumps going decided solution turbine drive turbine blades mounted shaft inside rocket started high speed flow nitrogen tank rocket ground stared turbine blades turn shaft pumps blades turning goddard devised pipe connection capture hot gasses rush nozzle rocket engine heat vaporized pressure vapor turn blades pumps operating existing centrifugal pumps heavy purpose goddard crew worked lighter
course katie nanna deserve book speaking left number seventeen leave word warning mrs banks advertise dear banks putting shoes wish robertson ay word warning polished boot left untouched look lopsided mrs banks importance haven told katie nanna don disappeared replied banks mean put morning paper news jane michael john barbara banks say mother require nannie lowest wage wait watch nannies queue front gate cross holding traffic making give policeman shilling putting trouble whew cold north pole wind blowing banks popped head window looked lane admiral boom house corner grandest house lane lane proud built exactly ship flagstaff garden roof gilt weathercock shaped telescope
strawberry ice ecstatically mary poppins face stern pouring dose jane ran spoon silvery greeny yellowy jane tasted lime juice cordial sliding tongue deliciously lips saw mary poppins moving twins bottle jane rushed re young wouldn mary poppins took notice warning terrible glance jane tipped spoon john mouth lapped eagerly drops spilt bib jane michael tell substance spoon milk barbara share gurgled licked spoon mary poppins poured dose solemnly took rum punch smacking lips corking bottle jane eyes michael popped astonishment wonder mary poppins put miraculous bottle mantelpiece turned spit spot bed began undress noticed buttons hooks needed sorts coaxing katie nanna mary poppins flew look minute found bed watching dim light night light rest mary poppins unpacking performed carpet bag took flannel nightgowns cotton pair boots set dominoes bathing caps postcard album folding camp bedstead blankets eiderdown complete set john cot barbara
bert don mind tea stodgy meal call think liked raspberry jam cakes nice mary poppins match apparently thought took white gloved hand squeezed hard walked row pictures seen match proudly pointing painting mountain covered snow slopes simply littered grasshoppers sitting gigantic roses mary poppins indulge sigh hurting feelings bert fair treat feel rights picture royal academy large room hang pictures painted comes looked says idea dear picture mary poppins match country trees grass bit blue sea distance looked margate background word mary poppins admiringly stooping bert matter match caught hold hand looking excited mary idea real idea don picture eh mary holding hands drew street iron railings lamp posts middle picture
called wigg door opened stood miss persimmon jug hot water tray thought wigg began looking searchingly round room wanting hot simply caught sight seated air round table goings born days saw sure wigg knew bit odd closed eyes paid rent regular behaviour tea air guests wigg sir astonished undignified gentleman age miss persimmon michael miss persimmon haughtily catch laughing gas michael miss persimmon flung head scornfully hope young retorted respect bouncing air rubber ball end bat stay feet thank amy persimmon dear dear goodness dear matter walk going help help miss persimmon ground stumbling air rolling side side thin barrel balancing tray hand weeping distress arrived table put jug hot water thank mary poppins calm polite voice
andrew loved continually watch exchange sniff park luckier occasions rare talks gate friend andrew heard town gossip rude dog laughed told wasn complimentary suddenly miss lark voice heard calling window dog loll tongue miss lark wink andrew wander waving hindquarters show didn care andrew course allowed gate miss lark walk park maids toes manicured imagine surprise jane michael saw andrew careering past park ears tail track tiger mary poppins pulled perambulator jerk case andrew wild flight upset twins jane michael screamed passed hi andrew overcoat cried michael trying high windy voice miss lark andrew naughty boy jane voice girl miss lark andrew looked haughtily barked sharply direction mary poppins yap yap andrew times quickly let think house left hand side mary poppins
dreadful dog miss lark looking andrew companion shoo shoo home cried dog sat pavement scratched ear left leg yawned home shoo say miss lark waving arms angrily dog andrew indoors minute going overcoat displeased andrew barked lazily move mean andrew miss lark andrew barked says put mary poppins coming miss lark turned regarded haughtily dog says ask course andrew merely shook head gave low growls won mary poppins friend comes stuff nonsense miss lark crossly says hulking mongrel inside gate andrew yapped times says means mary poppins live friend friend allowed live andrew miss lark nearly weeping andrew barked turned dog mean cried miss lark going sobbed moment handkerchief blew nose andrew give common dog stay
kicked mrs brill kind mrs brill ashamed mother minutes later mrs brill told story beg pardon say re sorry michael sorry glad legs fat catch ran area steps garden purposely bumped robertson ay sound asleep top rock plants robertson ay angry tell pa threateningly tell haven cleaned shoes morning michael astonished habit jane protect robertson ay loved didn want lose astonished begun wonder thought bars fence miss lark andrew daintily sniffing door lawn choosing blades grass called softly andrew gave biscuit pocket andrew munching tied andrew tail fence piece string ran miss lark angry outraged voice screaming ears body bursting exciting weight heavy thing inside door father study stood open ellen dusting books michael forbidden thing sat father desk father pen began scribble blotter
beneath palm trees sat woman black clothes wore beads hung round heads crowns feathers ears noses beads looped necks plaited bead belts surrounded waists knee negro lady sat tiny black piccaninny smiled children mother spoke ah bin specting mar poppins smiling bring dem chillun dere ma li house slice water melon dem white babies wan li bit black boot polish dem se mighty welcome laughed loud happy laughter began lead hut entirely palm trees jane michael follow mary poppins held stay unfortunately dropped passing round explained black lifted hands surprise journey mar poppins smiling rubbing end club cheek looked sparkling black eyes roun de se gettin busy yas wife laughed huge joke laughing mary poppins moved compass loud firm voice east
burning weight hung heavily adventure compass grow worse evening grew naughtier naughtier pinched twins mary poppins looking cried falsely kind voice darlings matter mary poppins deceived coming significantly burning thing inside let care shrugged shoulders pulled jane hair supper table upset bread milk mary poppins end deliberate naughtiness saw born days fact straight bed word seen look terrible didn care night nursery undressed didn care bad didn look worse didn care hated careful run join circus button fewer morning feel sorry bed brushing hair teeth certainly saying prayers bed foot noticed compass lying top chest drawers slowly withdrew foot tiptoed room knew compass spin round
mine shoe box bottom shelf wardrobe michael top left hand drawer shoe box wardrobe mrs corry thoughtfully committing words memory gave mary poppins look nodded head slightly mary poppins nodded slightly return secret passed mrs corry brightly interesting don glad stars remember remember guy fawkes dinner sunday bye soon mrs corry voice growing fainter fading presently aware happened jane michael found pavement walking mary poppins examining list turned looked jane michael surprise jane staring staring shop entirely disappeared odd jane michael gingerbread busy biting gingerbread shapes flower teapot forgot odd remembered night lights supposed sound asleep jane jane whispered michael hear tip stairs listen sssh hissed jane bed heard footsteps
jane silent watching mrs corry splashing blue sky mary poppins sticking stars miss fannie miss annie moving ladders position spaces sky filled mary poppins shook basket showed mrs corry left ladders procession started hill miss fannie shouldering ladders miss annie jangling empty pail glue corner stood talking moment mary poppins shook hands hurried lane mrs corry dancing lightly elastic sided boots holding skirts daintily hands disappeared direction huge daughters stumping noisily garden gate clicked footsteps creaked path front door opened shut soft clanging sound presently heard mary poppins quietly stairs tip toe past nursery room slept john barbara sound footsteps died jane michael looked word top left hand drawer looked pile jane handkerchiefs told michael wardrobe looked shoe box empty michael sitting edge bed staring jane jane sat arms round knees thought thought thought shook hair stretched stood
thought didn jeered shook wing feathers mary poppins snorted sunlight moved room drawing gold shaft light wind sprung whispering gently cherry trees lane listen listen wind talking john tilting head side mean won able hear re older mary poppins hear mary poppins won understand barbara began weep gently tears john eyes helped things happen mary poppins sensibly look look jeered starling crying fit kill starling egg sense look john barbara crying piteously cots drawn sobs deep unhappiness suddenly door opened mrs banks thought heard babies ran twins darlings treasures sweets love birds crying mary poppins quiet afternoon sound matter yes ma ma expect re getting teeth ma mary poppins deliberately looking direction starling course mrs banks brightly don want teeth forget things wailed john tossing cot
eldest sister maia domestic stove silver saucepans yes striped broom troubled star dust love sweep assistant began wrapping things coloured paper taygete likes dancing don think jane skipping rope thing tie carefully won assistant fluttered toys standing moment walking light quicksilver step twinkling sky mary poppins jane michael eyes flickered asking advice alcyone difficult quiet thoughtful want book think mary poppins family swiss robinsons think look pictures wrap handed book assistant celaeno wants hoop bowl sky circle spin night love red blue assistant bowed began wrap hoop left michael advise sterope top michael giving question earnest consideration humming top idea love watch waltzing singing sky think merope baby jane
trouble began luncheon jane dig garden robertson ay sown row radishseed heard commotion nursery sound hurrying footsteps stairs presently michael appeared red face panting loudly look jane look cried held hand lay mary poppins compass disc frantically swinging round arrow trembled michael shaking hand compass jane looked questioningly michael suddenly burst tears gave wept wrong going happen nice jane soothe heart felt disturbed michael knew mary poppins wasted nice strange say afternoon mary poppins cross word word thinking deeply asked questions answered voice michael bear longer cross mary poppins cross feel anxious heart felt heavy thought happen number seventeen cherry tree lane trouble trouble trouble retorted mary poppins crossly usual voice immediately felt feeling jane
going leaving pore dear children lurch mrs brill moment later bustling setting heart stone girl mistake clara brill keeping lace handkerchief hatpin remember master michael mrs brill panting heavily stood don airs graces lot buttons miss jane stand let undress master michael plain look things considered don won miss jane nightgown pillow mrs brill drawn small nobbly parcel give give jane trembling excitement took mrs brill hands quickly michael stood watched undo string tear brown paper mrs brill waiting emerged package twins wrapping fell floor thing parcel lay jane hand picture whisper looking closely inside curly frame painting mary poppins underneath written mary poppins bert match michael took hand look jane found suddenly letter attached painting unfolded carefully
hi tinsel teeth cracking smile thing hate calling names makes sick don call plain sam mott mean found grade big stink kids lived jersey kids penguin reading group slowest calling dumbhead sam teacher wasn looking kids class started yelling let till moved dad forget didn sixth grade knew laugh ha ha funny chuckled wally laid knee slapper braces month moved stockton march wally flashing tinsel teeth told drip dried original magnet mouth bet worn lot longer reached pick dime stuck cracks sidewalk hey luck straightened wally beaming pure white metal free straight teeth grin em going straight drugstore buy huge bag gunky caramels months haven candy grabs teeth dying leaned shook head mouth feels absolutely naked traintracks rain falling harder getting crowded canopy kid ran crazy shirt arrow metallic green pointed guy stared read couldn figure word cares shirts words dumb anyway wally called
look reba kid going die dad low voice carried bedroom door lord mom shouted want going live tuesday baby sitting bed awake folks think stay zonked wake early morning hear talk idiot kid sam harvard dad trying laugh guess harvard ernie rate child won hold decent job hope makes baby sitter sweetheart twelve takes kids longer learn don need draw attention giving tests look california tests accurate personally glad re going test glad signed permission slip don bullheaded clearly wrong turned water bathroom shouted noise teacher didn total dope wanted find help kids find einstein find soon anyway turned water hear saying low maybe re going face fact retarded dad exploded retarded ghastly school kid
ok swallowing hard treasure stuck head kitchen faucet took gulp water wash lump scoot told ready soon left climbed took marshmallow bag left winter hot chocolate stale hard marbles took living room stuck pillows brown velvet sofa hard part took green crayon drew sort picture sofa coffee table front put sofa awful picture couldn tell supposed couldn tell side don going jump ship drown chuck yelled fast printed top top room boys standing upside toy box waiting knew pirate ship chuck wearing black paper pirate hat skull crossbones kind birthday parties re kid bag chocolate coins wrapped gold paper ho matey alex asked salute found buried treasure aye aye sir ripped cutthroat map told walk plank sharks ate toes chuck giggled gimmie grabbing paper hopping box splash
dominic lively restless usual decided wasn going neighborhood satisfy need adventure owned assortment hats liked wear warmth shade shield rain effects rakish dashing solemn martial packed precious piccolo things large bandanna tied end stick carried easily shoulder impatient dash saying goodbye hammered note door dear friends leaving hurry say goodbye individually embrace sniff love don dominic locked door buried key left home seek fortune look going happen unknown took highroad going east greet sunrise soon arrived nightfall didn travel straight line forever leaving road coming leaving investigating source smell sound sight intrigued escaped ardent attention journey reached fork road wondered veered left curved
look caught fox captain gang think real prize laughed bet slew fine things fat bandanna ferret crouching looks full ripe melon wonder eat character looking hole weasel meat tough fox surely maybe hunting incredible sense smell villains wanted knew liked evil convenient evil enjoys noise ferret dominic vented series ear tearing barks frighten growled didn scare let fox started edging hole stand stand commanded dominic waiting response jabbed jabbed jabbed sharp spear ouch ferret touched oops weasel curses fox strove sticks clubs swords dominic held bay wonderful weapon catfish clever fox ferret weasel match dominic busy spear tried knock grip dominic quick adroit knew fear help asked weasel flustered
dominic washed rubbing alcohol slept opened windows let fresh air let stale picked cheerful bouquet wild flowers wild names arranged lovely vase badger bed table woke began talking wasn aware stopped feel haven longer live interesting wish tell wonderful things happened strange things seen exciting adventures hope badger dozed bluebottle fly buzzed snoring snout dominic brushed hour nap pig woke continued peaceful happy place wish lives bolted doors guard unexpected developments say unexpected expected rotten doomsday gang heaven knows started ply road harm keeping anxious worried younger problem afraid pretty powerful pig say feeble re trying fancy wish young strength deal dealt fur fly
laurie sat edge table looking frightened emergency room equipment didn exactly hospital kind didn hurt sewed doctor didn hospitals glad home funny funny ha ha funny odd home afraid re pretty girl doctor pausing moment look black sutures placing carefully close laceration left palm doctors remembered young lot fuzzy hair didn look shaved tall skinny wore round glasses wire frames re cutting vegetables mother careful told sharp knives lot damage re lucky didn sever tendon sore hand laurie couldn watch needle going hand wasn painful looked scab knee remembered hospital annabelle put antiseptic bandaged kids asked happened laurie fallen careful hear
apartment place jack big wore bright clothes talked loud voice laughed lot jolly laurie thought didn strike jolly played kids held shelly knee beg present brought laughed told laurie didn find friendly amusing tonight present fuzzy plush tiger shelly clasped chest round face laughing golden curls tumbling forehead daddy cried jack swept feet tossed air crowed delight father laurie thought truly forgotten jack put shelly turned laurie young lady hated think say thought hostile sullen felt warmth creeping neck tried desperately response reading reading eh voice changed spoke loud jolly forced interest felt shelly tim readingest kid saw brought didn buy found beach
boy wearing dirty shirt don mess blue letters tanned bare arm thin scar displayed big cut took eleven stitches laurie trying put lump rose throat wanted lie lips think cutting vegetables knife slipped holding carrot hand cutting sounds kind dumb laurie dumb happened hoped didn say boy wanted friends friends morbidly curious gruesome things finger traced scar arm laurie didn try answer threw bottle didn hit threw smashed stove chunk plowed furrow arm real mean drinking things words forced father haven seen heart begun hammer chest couldn guessed didn admit couldn didn understand felt secret mother mistreated ashamed fault
remarkable clerk goodway store pete mother dumping bag groceries kitchen table mean remarkable pete father curiously sings mrs peters whistles dances dr berger hums cleans teeth put pete yodels shoots novocain pete father looked pained think yodeling singing exactly dentist grocery bagging clerk wasn bagging groceries mrs peters beginning unpack brown paper bag selling peanut butter pete thought special singing grocery clerks sang television commercials special mrs peters robot hey bawled pete saw wanda sparling coming street minutes later flower stuck hair empty news carrier bag hanging limply shoulders robot goodway store ordinarily pete wouldn bothered speak wanda lived door pete person choose live door wanda sparling guess shouted paying attention miss patch dog suddenly pete forgot robot miss patch teacher unusual teacher kind owner dog mishmash pete remembered pleased mishmash present pete remembered pleased neighborhood wanda plunked news bag pete front steps philip
mishmash wait pete entrance goodway store staying wanda haughtily mishmash sat scratched ear stay mishmash pete understand mishmash scratching automatic door opened pete wanda hey grocery clerk pushing big box lettuce dogs allowed pete looked mishmash sat inside entrance understands wanda sarcastically bet understands pete pointed glass doors mishmash mishmash nose twitched pete took hold collar marched store ordered stay wanda grinning pete looked mishmash pete quickly looked aisle clerk busy dragging box hurried aisle meat department left shelves salad dressings catsups pickles oils olives woman squeezing grapes produce section big shopping bag arm red purse grocery cart stuffed full pardon pete brushed popped grape mouth turned smiled delicious plucked strawberry smiled winked decide fruit today miss sylvia delivery rolled bread tray past pete headed dogfood section
flick eye mishmash stretched paw knocked dog landed philip yipped picked floor mishmash shouted pete cut mishmash lids fell eyes appeared going sleep philip pete sit cushion floor obediently philip sat cushion front legs straight head stared television screen car hurtling dog barked happily excited mishmash opened mouth growled quiet mishmash pete philip barked philip pete settled floor front big chair arms folded chest eyes picture mishmash stretched sat lightly jumped sofa seated floor directly front philip philip began whimper mishmash pete pushed side big dog raised paw batted television set screen black pete sighed stood watched philip walk basket climb curl close eyes dog grasping mishmash collar led pete lovingly patted dog head play game mishmash shook pete hand took step house
country rifka mother faigel america ruth mother fanny names changed american ship sailed york harbor saw statue liberty holding lamp waiting papa send steamship tickets ready think ready letter finally mama river women washing clothes mama standing barelegged water skirts hiked waist rinsing large white passover tablecloth holiday ended standing feet ready help wring cloth put basket shore leah wigmaker running river yelling faigel faigel letter hurry mother dropped tablecloth dripping wet basket scampered barefoot town flying days mother run faster standing inside house holding letter arrived say mama say bubba zader grandmother grandfather read faigel zader say stood holding looking smiling mother smiled lot days laughing crying laughed cried deal
care mama bubba boarded train end july nearly mother twenty train pulled station mama dried eyes sat bench whispering giggling marveling sights window unfamiliar countryside wonder embarking adventure train soon found famished opened huge bag food bubba inside roast chickens kugel herring eggs challah jam peaches slabs honey cake america mother laughing food mother laughter reached hamburg food mother grown frightened confused crossed border illegally russia germany immigrants america papa written tell pay peasant sneak warned terrified carried heavy suitcases dark night wondering border guards catch shoot terrors trains board hard faced officials confront bribes threats shouting orders loud impatient voices took couple weeks arrive hamburg travel america food exhausted dirty adventure
uncle barney reached pocket gave children penny gave penny studied copper colored coin hand strange looking face pocahontas cousin shirley yiddish spoken directly didn pocahontas certainly couldn repeat didn want stupid nodded smiled shirley pocahontas beautiful indian girl saved captain john smith didn understand nodding smiling want says shirley asked read pointed finger words pocahontas head says united states america date coin downstairs show spend stayed close shirley walked busy crowded streets seen jammed pushcarts stands lining streets filled books clothes fruits vegetables pieces fabrics nickel penny piece buy place cheaper yelling listening shirley led candy stand corner rows rows strange marvelous candies lay tasted mouth began watering shirley asked told helped selection
week visiting breaks stillness plait white metal bars want save amuses love try esteem respect blind nervous ill bred scratch white enamel bedstead fingernail scissors scribble obscene ballpoint pens blue pencils sooner lawyer blasted room hello slaps nylon hat lower left hand bedpost act violence shatters peace mind duration visit lawyers find deal talk visitors deposited gifts beneath water color anemones white table covered oilcloth submitted current projects salvation convinced working indefatigably save high quality charity recover relish existence leave keeper comes air room collect strings gift packages airing finds sit bed disentangling strings spreading silence call silence bruno bruno silence bruno munsterberg mean keeper stopped playing words bought hundred sheets writing paper supply prove insufficient bruno unmarried childless hails sauerland stationery store sells toys unlined space need recording memories hope accurate
war faces changed look demobilized women rise occasion grounds looking solemn smiling attempt conceal undertone studied sorrow melancholy women twenties black spit curls managed sitting standing half reclining suggest harmonious blend madonna harlot picture mama age twenty shortly inception pregnancy shows young woman round tranquil face slightly tilted firm substantial neck tilted looking straight eye solid flesh effect solidarity called question melancholy smile eyes grey blue look souls fellow soul solid objects teacups cigarette holders say look mama eyes soulful interesting easier appraise revealing group photos period beautiful nuptial wedding dresses days treaty rapallo wedding photo matzerath wearing stiff collar fine figure looks distinctly elegant intellectual foot thrust forward resembles movie actor harry liedtke dresses short mama wedding dress white accordion pleated pleated reaches barely knee showing shapely legs cunning dancing feet white buckled shoes
clear slightly cloudy light showers afternoon jan bronski took wretched sailboat exchanged drum sigismund markus toystore slightly wilted rain late afternoon brand drum model grown familiar red flames white field held withdrawing wreck retained barest vestiges paint jan gripped tired drum eyes jan mama matzerath glued oskar smile goodness think clung tradition sake burdened principles emitting cry expected note glass destroying song relinquished relic devoted hands instrument hours attentive drumming hang grownups proved understanding jan bronski shortly birthday considerable talk stock market crash york begun wonder grandfather koljaiczek lumber business buffalo suffered losses mama alarmed obvious failure grow took hand inaugurated wednesday visits office dr hollatz examinations interminable exasperating put tender age white dress sister inge dr hollatz assistant reminded mama photographed wartime activity nurse
bebra exerted lasting influence terms house arrest deter going awol hour sing notorious circular aperture shopwindow turn hopeful young happened drawn window display possessor pure silk burgundy necktie ask evil commanded oskar enhance considerable temptation offered polished plate glass window opening passage reply yes evil stood dark doorways doorway favorite dwelling place evil hand wishing minimize wickedness acts compelled lost opportunity inclination tempt say bruno keeper oskar contented small medium sized desires silent walkers snow women love object dreams helped respectably dressed lady fine gentlemen elderly spinster religion young thief hearts voice tempted steal mention wrought righteous citizens hour looked pettiest incompetent pickpockets dangerous criminal lurked wait evenings row thrice refused steal turned thief fourth police found dr erwin scholtis dreaded prosecuting attorney mild indulgent jurist humane sentences sacrificed demigod thieves stole genuine badger hair shaving brush
matzerath thought fair let eels wriggle salt crawl horse head don human corpses longshoreman say eels mighty fat battle skagerrak days ago doctors hospital told married woman tried pleasure live eel eel bit wouldn let hospital say couldn babies longshoreman tied sack salted eels tossed nimbly shoulder hung coiled clothesline round neck merchantman put port plodded direction neufahrwasser ship eighteen hundred tons wasn swede finn carrying iron ore timber longshoreman sack friends board waved rusty hull shouted board finn waved shouted mystery matzerath waved shouted ship ahoy nonsense native rhineland knew ships certainly single finn acquaintances wave waving shout laugh clap shouting laughing clapping explains joined party early date unnecessary brought benefits wasted sunday mornings oskar walked slowly matzerath neufahrwasser overloaded finn
worth preserving city altogether deserving preserved treasures maritime museum occupied patrician mansion raised stone porch playfully substantially ornamented facade inside full carved dark oak winding staircases devoted records carefully catalogued history seaport town prided ability grow remain stinking rich midst powerful part poor neighbors ah privileges purchased teutonic knights kings poland elaborately defined elaborate documents color engravings innumerable sieges incurred fortress mouth vistula walls city stands stanislaw leszczynski fled saxon king oil painting shows exactly scared primate potocki de french ambassador scared wits russians general lascy besieging city scenes accurately labeled names french ships legible beneath de banner legend arrow informs ship king stanislaw leszczynski fled lorraine city surrendered august exhibits consisted trophies acquired wars won simple reason lost wars seldom provide museums trophies pride collection figurehead large florentine galleon home port bruges belonged florentine merchants portinari tani april danzig city captains pirates paul beneke martin bardewiek succeeded cruising coast zeeland sluys capturing galleon
brought flame throwers fearing frontal assault decided smoke defenders operation successful dr michon resolved surrender post office removing helmet picked bed sheet waved didn satisfy pulled silk handerkerchief hand waved thirty scorched half blinded arms upraised hands folded necks left building left hand side door lined wall courtyard waited slowly advancing home guards later story round interval home guards coming post office garage adjoining police garage evacuated unoccupied house rahm found clothes complete party insignia washed dressed vanished singly thin air according story altstadtischer graben fitted pair glasses lost battle post office freshly bespectacled victor weluhn allegedly beer holzmarkt flame throwers thirsty glasses dispersed environing mists point nearly started flight continues doggedness pursuers
brosen maria bought pound cherries took hand knew permitted led pine woods bathing establishment nearly sixteen attendant eye things allowed section water blackboard air wind east forecast fair blackboard hung poster dealing artificial resperation victims striped bathing suits rescuers wore mustaches straw hats floated treacherous turbulent waters barefooted girl attendant ahead waist penitent wore cord hung enormous key opened cabins plank walks railings alongside cabin hard runner coconut fiber cabin number wood cabin warm dry natural bluish white hue call blind window hung mirror ceased seriously oskar undress face wall reluctantly let maria help maria turned round sturdy matter fact held bathing suit forced ruthlessly tight fitting wool sooner buttoned shoulder straps lifted wooden bench wall cabin put drum sticks lap began quick energetic movements undress drummed counted knotholes floorboards stopped counting drumming maria oddly pursed lips whistle removing shoes high notes low notes stripping socks
june deceptive month victories fronts choose lend high sounding term victories balkans greater triumphs imminent eastern front enormous army moving forward railroads busy fritz truczinski delightful paris compelled embark eastward journey prove mistaken trip home furlough oskar sat quietly looking shiny postcards dwelling mild paris springtime lightly drumming trois juenes tambours connection army occupation reason fear partisans attempt toss seine bridges clad civilian climbed eiffel tower drum enjoyed view expected feeling despite tempting heights free bittersweet thoughts suicide descending stood feet high foot eiffel tower remembered birth son viola thought son tin drum father matzerath oskar bronski heat august believe successful conclusion battle encirclement smolensk announced son kurt baptized grandmother anna koljaiczek brother vincent bronski invited course accept version according jan bronski father silent increasingly eccentric vincent bronski paternal grandfather reason invitation
gardener heard son handsome young agreeable manners carried fruit garden king prettiest flowers daughter princess wonderfully pretty sixteen king beginning think married dear child age husband thinking marrying son prime minister father replied princess marry son minister asked king love gardener son answered princess hearing king angry wept sighed declared husband worthy daughter young princess turned resolution marry gardener son king consulted ministers rid gardener send suitors distant country returns marry daughter king advice minister son presented splendid horse purse full gold pieces gardener son lame horse purse full copper money thought journey started princess met lover brave remember love purse full jewels love quickly demand hand
grew learnt history prince beautiful princess spoken teachers took care tell noses room hung pictures large noses prince grew convinced nose beauty account single inch shorter twentieth birthday past queen thought married commanded portraits princesses brought picture dear princess daughter king possess kingdoms prince hyacinth thought spare sort struck beauty princess thought charming saucy nose face prettiest thing embarrassment courtiers habit laughing noses found laughing think prince failed joke actually banished courtiers dared mention disrespectfully dear princess tiny nose taking warning learnt think spoke tell prince true worth nose woman beauty thing knew learned understood greek read manuscripts beautiful cleopatra tip tilted nose
happy king unsuccessful rivals home despair bye princess sadly help sorry ah madam king gold mines waste pity princes love trouble repaid single smile sorry answered bellissima noticed pitied princes leaving sire reason pleased going sorrowfully grudge compassion king gold mines overcome princess taking interference throwing feet kissed hand thousand times begged forgive happy ready bellissima wedding trumpets sounded streets town hung flags strewn flowers ran crowds square palace queen able sleep light give orders choose jewels princess wear diamonds shoes covered dress silver brocade embroidered dozen sun rays imagine cost brilliant beauty princess
palace finished genie carried showed orders faithfully carried laying velvet carpet aladdin palace sultan aladdin mother dressed carefully walked palace slaves horseback sultan musicians trumpets cymbals meet air resounded music cheers princess saluted treated honour night princess bye father set carpet aladdin palace mother side hundred slaves charmed sight aladdin ran receive princess blame beauty boldness displeased told seen willingly obeyed father matter wedding place aladdin led hall feast spread supped danced till midnight aladdin invited sultan palace entering hall twenty windows rubies diamonds emeralds cried wonder thing surprises accident window left unfinished sir design returned aladdin wished majesty glory finishing palace sultan pleased jewellers city showed unfinished window bade fit sir replied spokesman find jewels
poor miller beautiful daughter happened audience king order person importance told daughter spin straw gold talent worth king miller daughter clever say bring palace morrow put test girl brought led room full straw gave spinning wheel spindle set spin night till early dawn haven spun straw gold die closed door left inside poor miller daughter sat didn idea spin straw gold miserable began cry suddenly door opened stepped tiny evening miss miller maid crying bitterly answered girl spin straw gold haven notion give spin asked manikin necklace replied girl took necklace sat wheel whir whir whir wheel round times bobbin full put whir whir whir wheel round times full till morning straw spun bobbins full gold
began explore rooms palace entered lined mirrors beauty saw reflected side thought seen charming room barcelet hanging chandelier caught eye taking greatly surprised find held portrait unknown admirer seen dream delight slipped bracelet arm gallery pictures soon found portrait handsome prince large painted studied smile kindly tearing portrait passed room contained musical instrument sun amused trying singing tired room library saw wanted read read lifetime read names books growing dusk wax candles diamond ruby candlesticks beginning light room beauty found supper served preferred hear sound father warned began find dull presently heard beast coming wondered tremblingly meant eat
king sons clever brave began afraid want reign kingdom dead king felt growing wish give government kingdom manage thought live peace divert minds sons promises keeping speaking kindly added agree dear children age makes impossible look affairs carefully begin fear affect welfare subjects wish succeed crown return gift think retiring country pretty lively faithful dog company regard ages promise brings beautiful dog succeed princes greatly surprised father sudden fancy dog gave younger chance king eldest polite objections accepted commission pleasure
child learnt understand speech birds seeing raven pluming pine bough cried softly dear bird cleverest birds swiftest wing wilt thou help help thee asked raven answered fly thou comest splendid town stands king palace seek king son tell misfortune befallen told raven thread lost brightness terribly angry woman feared disaster raven promised faithfully bidding spreading wings flew maiden home worked hard winding yarn elder sisters spun woman let spin longer evening heard raven craa craa pine tree eagerly hastened thither hear answer fortune raven found wind wizard son palace garden understood speech birds entrusted message prince heard sorrowful took counsel friends free maiden wind wizard son beg raven fly quickly maiden tell ready ninth night fetch wind wizard son raven flew swiftly reached hut evening maiden thanked bird heartily home telling heard
princess prettiest creature beautiful hair finest gold waved rippled nearly ground called pretty goldilocks wore crown flowers dresses embroidered diamonds pearls saw fell love neighbours young king married rich handsome heard pretty goldilocks seen fell deeply love eat drink resolved send ambassador ask marriage splendid carriage ambassador gave hundred horses hundred servants told sure bring princess started talked court king felt sure princess consent set pretty dresses splendid furniture ready ambassador arrived princess palace delivered message happened cross compliment known answered obliged king wish married ambassador set sadly homeward bringing king presents princess brought accept pearls diamonds accept king twenty english pins vexed
real witch hates children red hot sizzling hatred sizzling red hot hatred possibly imagine real witch spends plotting rid children territory passion thinks working cashier supermarket typing letters businessman driving fancy car things mind plotting scheming churning burning whizzing phizzing murderous bloodthirsty thoughts child says exactly child choose squelching real witch pleasure squelching child eating plateful strawberries thick cream reckons child week grumpy child week fifty squish squiggle disappear motto witches carefully victim chosen witch stalks wretched child hunter stalking bird forest treads softly moves quietly closer closer ready phwisst swoops sparks fly flames leap oil boils rats howl skin shrivels child disappears witch understand knock children head stick knives shoot pistol things caught police
separate encounters witches escaped unharmed occasion lucky things happened scream read helped truth told fact able speak peculiar look due entirely wonderful grandmother grandmother norwegian norwegians witches norway black forests icy mountains witches father mother norwegian father business england born lived started going english school christmas summer norway visit grandmother lady gather surviving relative side family mother mother absolutely adored spoke norwegian english didn matter equally fluent languages admit felt closer mother soon seventh birthday parents took usual spend christmas grandmother norway father mother driving icy weather north oslo car skidded road tumbling rocky ravine parents killed firmly strapped seat received cut forehead
happened fourth child asked fourth boy called harald grandmother morning skin grayish yellow hard crackly shell nut evening boy turned stone stone mean real stone granite house stands hall stone statue visitors lean umbrellas young prepared believe grandmother told spoke conviction utter seriousness smile face twinkle eye found beginning wonder grandmamma told altogether happened puff cigar grandmamma don care age catch cold smoke cigars number grandmamma number chewing end cigar delicious asparagus interesting case boy called leif summer family fjord family picnicking swimming rocks islands young leif dived water father watching noticed stayed unusually surface wasn leif anymore grandmamma porpoise wasn couldn lovely young porpoise
easter holidays summer term began school grandmother planned summer holiday norway talked evening booked cabin boat newcastle oslo earliest moment school broke oslo going place knew south coast arendal spent summer holidays child nearly ago brother rowboat coast dotted tiny islands explore dive sea lovely smooth granite rocks drop anchor fish cod whiting caught build fire island fry fish pan lunch finer fish absolutely fresh cod bait grandmamma fishing mussels mussels bait norway didn catch fish boil mussels saucepan eat delicious cook seawater tender salty grandmamma row wave shrimp boats home stop give handful shrimps shrimps warm cooked sit rowboat peeling gobbling head part
double doors room open peeped colossal room rows rows chairs facing platform chairs painted gold red cushions seats soul sight sidled cautiously room lovely secret silent place meeting royal society prevention cruelty children place earlier home suddenly pouring wonderful kind look favor young mouse trainer going business room large folding screen chinese dragons painted decided safe side screen training wasn bit frightened prevention cruelty children chance stringer manager pop head door saw mice poor things hall porter bucket water shout stop tiptoed room settled thick carpet big screen splendid place ideal mouse training took william mary trouser pockets sat carpet quiet behaved trick going teach today tightrope walking difficult train intelligent mouse expert tightrope walker provided exactly
manager alarmed imprisoned room full splendid ladies talking suggest bit cruelty children preventing school certainly talking heads women bunch began milling choosing seats lot stuff sit millie dear lo beatrice haven seen meeting adorable dress decided stay let meeting mouse training watched longer crack screen waiting settle guessed hundred rows filled want sit platform middle row lady wearing tiny green hat scratching nape neck couldn leave fascinated fingers scratching hair neck known watching sure embarrassed wondered dandruff sudden noticed lady thing lot scratching mad hair backs necks
hope haven forgotten going stuck screen hands knees eye glued crack don forever worst part able cough sound knowing dead living constant terror witches row going whiff presence special nose holes hope saw fact washed days ending excitement clapping shouting going room witches thinking grand high witch platform plan wiping children england certainly sniffing child room wildest dreams witches dreams occurred prayed grand high witch dreadful gloating song audience clapping madly shouting brilliant sensational marvelous genius brainy thrilling invention delayed action mouse maker winner beauty teachers bump stinking children won caught vitches caught snapped grand high witch attention vont attention telling vot prepare formula delayed action mouse maker
grand high witch starting talk going prrrove rrrecipe vurrrking perrrfection understand course set alarm clock clock yesterday personally paring small qvantity magic formula order give public demonstration making vun small change rrrecipe rrroasting alarm clock setting clock morning half past thrrree afternoon vhich means half past thrrree afternoon glancing wristwatch minutes audience witches listening intently sensing dramatic happen vot yesterday vith magic liqvid asked grand high witch vill tell vot putting vun drrroplet sqvishy chocolate bar giving bar smelly boy hanging rrround lobby hotel grand high witch paused audience remained silent waiting votched brrrute gobbling sqvishy bar chocolate vhen finished vos vos vould yes vill give chocolate bars vill meet ballroom hotel twenty past thrrree tomorrow afternoon bars cried greedy svine bet
grand high witch stood center platform dangerous eyes traveled slowly audience witches sitting meekly seventy put hands barked suddenly hands air comes grand high witch ancient vuns vill able climb high trrrees search grruntles eggs won grandness afraid won chanted ancient vill able catch crrabcrrruncher lives high rrrocky cliffs grand high witch exactly sprrrinting speedy catsprrringer diving deep vorters spear blabbersnitch striding bleak moors vith gun arm shoot grrobblesqvirt feeble things chanted ancient ancient vuns served vell high grand witch vish deny pleasure bumping thousand children feeble prepared personally vith hands limited qvantity delayed action mouse maker vhich vill distrrribute ancient vuns leave hotel thank thank cried witches grandness kind thoughtful sample vot giving shouted grand high witch fished pocket dress brought small bottle
making dream dream history plays small part novels plato confucius highest host minds kindred aspiration dreamt ordered happier finer securer imagined cities grown powerful peoples rich multitudinous efforts thought terms harbours shining navies roads engineered marvellously jungles cleared deserts conquered ending muddle diseases dirt misery ending confusions waste human possibilities thought things passion desire think soft lines tender beauty women thousands today mastered white passion statecraft nearly reads thinks find suspect sort answering response presents extraordinarily entangled mixed intimate things machiavelli picture san lived retirement property fall republic twinge torture punished conspiracy lurking limbs twinges stop dreaming prince written personal affairs saw homely neighbours dealt family gave vent everyday passions sit shop donato del gossiping curiously vicious company pace lonely woods estate book hand full bitter meditations evening returned home study
afternoon walk sticks memory reasons keston nearly sevenoaks coming train dunton green father talked monologued times produced effect weird forgetfulness listened puzzled understanding things plain recent discovered pathos monologue friendless father uncompanioned thoughts feelings hunger felt sympathy undeveloped youngster trotted side gardener devil start gardening suppose created mind garden fall let created god created slaves matter minding inanimate things suit hands patience mucked suddenly addressed instant started eavesdropper discovered boy plan plan stick find set admit puzzle damned houses curse stucco white elephants
centered city merchants school caught eighteen victoria midday meal tea nights week stayed preparation home hour bedtime spent half holidays school order play cricket football pretty voracious appetite miscellaneous reading fostered penge middleton library leave leisure local topography sundays sang choir st martin church mother walk sabbath afternoon slumbered wrote read home confess home contrive home father death quiet uneventful place mother unimaginative temperament mind greatly occupied private religious solicitudes remember talking topics anxious evade developed view low church theology father death meditation event finished secret estrangement mother faith reason permit remote chance hell manifestly evil religion permit remote chance boy mother taught read write pray things persisted washing making clothes rebelled things indignities
revisited cambridge oxford empire goes want clear places renew feelings physical oppression sense lowness dampness exactly feeling underground room paper moulders leaves wall feeling ineradicable contagion gothic buildings narrow ditch rivers roads roads stuffy villas villas destroyed monastic system evil charming live collective effect quality individual cambridge subdued tones excessively subtle humours prim conduct free thinking fears parent fear god offers amidst surroundings vary dinginess charm inflammation literature purple draught hears peculiar thin scandal scandal scandal reminded cambridge cambridge plays ibsen heroine crises enter overshoes put wet umbrella writing desk academic mind modern needs thing convinced academic mind soon try fake victory portsmouth line battle ship
seek recapitulate interlacing growth apprehension flounder half remembered developments found crude schoolboy left comes stood rest holiday abroad happen twenty fellow trinity peace vereeniging signed named willersley senior missed fellowship higher division civil service enthusiastic member london school board cumulative vote support advanced small independent income relieved necessity earn living kindred craving social theorizing form social service sought acquaintance reading paper mine begotten visit chris robinson limits pure democracy marched thoughts train lake modest climbing crossed pass italy domo santa maria valley lake tell stayed eventful days val home write tramp freshness enlargement returns
think limit evening bed smiling night prettily big staircase willersley smoke garden head full found talk problem sociology deuce living plenty money strikes willersley drysalter think retired drysalter willersley theorized thought woman provocative quality dash displayed lunch met friends huge mass private thinking interval added effect talked insignificant things asked quickly lunch siesta hung moment eye eye doublt heart beating steamer propeller lifts water view room asked pause floor number seventeen staircase friend door began talk books interested christian science spoke book forget altogether book called remember utmost exactness purplish magenta cover lend hesitated willersley wanted expedition lake afternoon refused
thought essential difference lay relation beauty beauty primary truth order goodness wholly beautiful lead straight beautiful consequences baileys didn times prefer things harsh ugly puzzled extremely aesthetic quality proposals manner speak times dreadful war office barrack architecture caricature exaggerated statements serve point truth antagonizing falsity falsity remember talking prominent museum official need public funds hand mentioned possibility enlisting bailey influence don want philistines infernal bottle hastily hear concerted action end view extension explain bailey wanting essentials essentials nasty oily efficient machine merely subordinate necessity delicate stuff wanted doubt money powers wrong mess place hands black means aggressive unmanageable means plumber job stuck argument don official conclusively blind prejudice speaking
holiday venice set memory artificial lake uneven confused country bright skylike discontinuous faded quality sunshine season mellow palaces places huge ripened painting departed whispering nearly noiseless passage hearse black gondolas horrible steam launch ruined venice stilled depopulated lagoons universal autumn feel altogether recess teeming reality dozen told americans scarcely english dine big cavern dining room vistas separate tables distempered walls swathed chandeliers seeing beautiful things accepting beauty hand taking granted ten days fortnight fretful anxious action tranquillity temperament mine pleasures curiously impersonal succession shared aesthetic appreciation threads honeymoon exultant coming mutual shout shy felt relief picture help entirely conception things watchful shock distress margaret press sensuous note love making tepid smoothness lagoons talked delicate innuendo glorious freedoms
goes phase phase things told wants westminister follow road leads found road unexpectedly distasteful begins awake nights sore throat headache fatigue speaking ill ventilated rooms wondering educate political ideals political rot personalities personal appeals suppose begin end matter personalities personalities broader interests arise personalities return social political effort trying crowd fall formation broader lines rush excitement irrelevancy forthwith incipient order vanished marshals begin memory essentially confusion frightful lot tiresome locomotion kinghamstead division extensive abounding ill graded badly metalled cross roads vicious hills singularly unpleasing eye muddy winter sufficiently london undergone process ill regulated expansion bromstead place overgrown villages developed strings factories sidings railway lines abundance petty villas place hold element population
imagine asking question wrily sense shame scientist civilized course usual member civilization flight consequences protesting failed education tastes confined humanities protest scientists blame plainly mandarin bomb industry scientists say equal contempt greek scholars earnest cataloguers cave paintings wash hands blame fact help direct society ills grow inaction error absurd division reached reductio ad absurdum think teachers hardy justified ground harm hardy mathematician humanists let opt conspiracy scientists scientists turn forgive hardy protest learned indispensable mathematics books comfort bickering shelley pictured science modern prometheus wake wonderful dream godwin alas simple pointless read happened nightmare dream nightmare live experience live awake live penetrated science real turn game simply taking sides
setting familiar faraday worked link electricity magnetism glittering problem society lookout sources power consider modest today mathematical methods automatic control subject called cybernetics developed communication control effect forms power inventions directed social needs inventions usefulness dominated set light minds newton faraday norbert wiener spent scramble patents scientist compounded interests interest interest behavior need age shape scientific progress need age individual scientist sense pleasure adventure excitement keeps working late night typists home clock personally involved poet artist painting paints painting ends language developed beginnings practical communication handle paints language symbolic concepts physics stain microscope slide instantly waking pleasure language sense exploring activity sense lies heart creation
coleridge tried define beauty returned deep thought beauty unity variety science search discover unity wild variety nature exactly variety experience poetry painting arts search coleridge phrase unity variety looks likenesses variety human experience poetic image seizing exploration hidden likeness holding parts comparison give depth romeo finds juliet tomb thinks dead heartbreaking speech words death hath suckt honey thy breath critic haltingly pieces single shock image carries young shakespeare admired marlow marlow faustus ghostly kiss helen troy sucked soul pale image shakespeare fire single word honey death bee lips juliet bee insect stings sting death commonplace phrase shakespeare wrote sting image shakespeare packed word honey word rides powerfully undertones death bee stings comes julet flower moving thought instant image creative mind speaks thoughts poetic image accidentally heightened tenderness town dwellers feel country ways
determined backcountry short warm season dozen forays foot horseback explored times enjoyed camaraderie mountaineers rock climbers rangers ranchers miners horse packers friends hundred miles trails crisscross compact mile range climb glacial troughs slope peaks paul hiked trails real backcountry walking pleated bellows accordion distances short elevations scenic rewards spectacular trip found la rock climbers call secluded hanging valley redfish lake excellent climbing hanging valleys common area occur tributary glacier entered trunk glacier side side valley gouged deeply main valley waterfall plummets hanging valley paul outing rock climbers bob rosso kevin swigert mark siemon idaho residents raining misty ascended feet steep slippery bank stream notch campsite stand pine trees small lakes elephants perch massive granite face loomed feet camp bob kevin planned climb foot pinnacle flank elephants tusk setting camp explored valley climbed talus summits lot climbing sawtooths kevin told
leaving la mark led easier route summit elephants perch north stood heyburn mountain perfect weathered rock crumbly summit eroded resemble gothic cathedral complete buttresses spires heyburn appeared elevation surrounding peaks named mountains range stand feet high surpasses feet later found sawtooth range according geologists formed fault zones earth crust batholiths layers igneous rock rose molten depths millions ago underlie sawtooth area blisters skin caused severe pressure land surface million faults slowly ruptured surface relieving pressure main faults block granite emerged giant massif tilted bit northeast floating crate eventually rose feet simultaneously rivers forces erosion gargantuan alpine glaciers pleistocene epoch beginning million ago started sculpturing mountains today summits naturally higher original massif retain approximate elevation hundreds lakes lie peaks cirques amphitheater bowls dug heads glacial valleys dammed moraines enormous piles rocky sediments deposited melting glaciers glacial moraines reach stanley basin sawtooth valley forested tough lodgepole pines thrive porous soil foothills sawtooths
short names numbers undoubtedly names invented primitive tribes today don names number higher mean don higher numbers course means don separate names call number call cases separate names ten numbers names english ten invent names numbers ten limit unwieldy remember sound meant forty seventy ten hand things easy built memory system handy ten number names fixed mind held fingers held fingers listener observed fingers meant case forgot exactly represented sounds latin word finger digitus english fingers called digits accident ten numbers called digits beginning fingers numbers practically identical names numbers ten appearance language distorted number names forgotten original meanings word eleven separate comes primitive teutonic words meaning left
letters numbers gave rise confusion words instance hebrew number fifteen letters began god hebrew language letter combination hand ordinary words converted numbers adding numerical letters composing especially words names bible process called gematria sorts mystical occult meanings read familiar passage revelation st john number beast hundred sixty undoubtedly meant contemporary figure unsafe openly roman emperor nero hebrew greek letters added figure trying fit names enemies sum hindus improved greek hebrew system figures tens hundreds rung abacus figures built numbers give figures positional values instance number twenty abacus consisted counters moved rung tens rung number written numeral representing bottom rung abacus left higher obviously thirty written positional values plain number
general obtaining areas figures involves kind repeated addition squares oblongs matter fairly simple bit complicated triangles circles complicated areas irregular shape sort thing continuously early agricultural civilizations let highly technological farms surveyed areas calculated adjust tax rate think taxes encouraged development arithmetic necessity repeated counting forced development system addition necessity repeated additions forced development type number manipulation begin let adopt notation write times multiplication sign mean added shown case check cases matter notation stating general rule fact area square oblong equal length times width step find simple handling multiplication course repeated addition open complicated interested area oblong lot feet feet wide multiply answer square feet course square inches mean adding hundred twenty fifty seventy case worrisome job
hey tom night yeah missed alan billy front walk tom sitting porch steps bouncing tennis ball tator caught joe climbing fence pile peaches kitchen table called mothers joe mother let tom stopped bouncing tennis ball tall skinny boy took troubles seriously mother wouldn eat dinner alan sat step tom began chew thumbnail salmon casserole billy flopped grass chunky snubnosed freckled salmon casserole bad wouldn let eat bites asked alan mother says eat bites wouldn eat stupid billy bite hurt eat bite let send room supper tom shrugged mud alan asked billy wouldn eat bite mud alan argued lot small knobby kneed nervous gnawing thumbnail face smudged red hair mussed shirttail hanging shoelaces untied sure billy mud mud dirt water father says eats pound dirt anyway poison billy rolled mother going eat leftovers today lunch asked tom worms alan asked billy
ten billy push ups deserted horse barn wasn worried eating worm daring things found look ahead try figure things ready winter alan dared sleep night igloo built tom backyard billy thought happen midnight huddled shivering blankets darkness begun wonder give home feet felt aching stones boots tongue inside mouth cold half hour later stubbornly dancing moonlight warm tom dog martha dogs pack billy coaxed igloo blocked door orange crate dogs stopped wrestling nipping barking sniffing sleep heap billy middle warm onion stew able think special prepare eating worm limbering general push ups knee bends jumping jacks red faced perspiring nearby orange crate set bottles ketchup worchestershire sauce jars piccalilli mustard box crackers salt pepper shakers lemon slice cheese mother tin cinnamon sugar shaker box kleenex jar maraschino cherries horseradish plastic honey bear tom head appeared door ready billy scrambled brushing hair
huddled orange crates billy hopped flapping arms gute gute fine fine hoo hoo alan whispered crackers joe edged door don let re afraid crazy dogs re afraid attack couldn whispered tom standing ground worm gute gute screeched billy hopping higher higher drooling mouth whispered joe tom hey billy burst tom suddenly hearty quavering voice cut want ask billy arms flapped slower tiptoed menacingly tom head cocked side cheeks puffed tom hugged chuckling nervously heh heh cut billy heh heh billy pounced joe alan fled barn door banging billy rolled floor helpless laughter tom clambered brushing faces billy laughing climbing door geez joe pale onion yeah tom ha ha fooled ho geez billy sat crawled door peered knothole look peeking stone wall watch door swung slowly open screeching billy hopped doorsill yard stump splash puddle flapping arms rolling head alan joe galloped hill high grass yelling comes billy stopped hopping climbing stump called shrill girlish voice boy ing id somefing tare iddle boys alan joe stopped looked
found true calling according father found pretty young eleven going twelve didn find college lawyer labor unions true calling say found guess mother responsible mom found true calling college majored sociology degree married dad sister carol carol ten school master degree job social worker city enjoyed didn mind home things going pretty summer mom laid municipal cutbacks told evening supper end june carol school week looking forward summer home hate camp carol outgrown gotten job delivering newspapers waiting job months finally opening wasn give summer archery leathercrafts known couple weeks dad hoping minute rescuing program late today mom sigh looked depressed re going carol asked carol practical
thing morning put kid power sign supermarket bulletin board knew looked lot sure plenty development live notice home called grandma delighted help attic took bus outskirts town walked rest house helped hours carrying boxes attic helping decide throw criminal ask money especially gave lemonade cookies showed mom baby pictures spent talking actually cleaning carried practically attic grandma claimed lot insisted paying offered special family rate wouldn hear heard needed help odd jobs recommend cookie kissed bye walked bus didn home pretty late afternoon found mom sitting kitchen circling job ads paper phone call asked lisa lisa friend calls call kid power mom took woman number call soon shouted
thought telling mrs edwards cheer decided let wait supper cheer dad helped mom supper set table carol called saying invited supper friend big salad carol salad job today serving mrs edwards mom suggested fifty cents going run errands senior citizen rate nice mom didn sound cheered mrs edwards gave extra money today impressed initiative family spirit family spirit dad asked told mom getting laid guess meant told dad asked mom laid couldn afford bike anymore bit noisily piece celery dad disgusted put fork town going think re kind charity case art don overstate mom overstating loudly thing janie dress rags beg contributions poor needy family janie learn mouth shut told mrs edwards truth didn think keeping secret re mom
mrs hanson grade teacher sitting desk grading papers sitting desks supposed writing paragraphs main sentence supporting sentences wrote kitten soft gray ten weeks wrote soft gray ten weeks fact couldn teach didn match fact mother bed wouldn kitten didn match crumpled paper decided write main sentence bratty brothers think lots supporting sentences started paragraph classroom door opened woman fat blond girl walked sharon sits heard say ugh diane sits whispered hope going room woman pushed girl forward elsie edwards elsie mrs hanson asked fine elsie answered looking floor elsie mother leaned tried talk quietly mrs hanson staring silently heard word mrs edwards told mrs hanson elsie special diet eat lunch box thought special diet melt blubber elsie mother left mrs hanson walked fat girl front room elsie hips wide skirt brushed desks side aisle
halfway grade money desk quarters disappearing marianne lose money thought accident guess mrs hanson told marianne look desk marianne ended peanut butter sandwich kids gave cookies jack gave milk told didn milk drank roy money missed recess took junk desk spread floor took till lunchtime sift mess ended peanut butter sandwich diane money missing diane messy forgetful type quiet getting peanut butter sandwich place hot lunch put money desk diane clearly recess stole diane don mrs hanson diane looked quarters thought mrs hanson give rude told desk diane pursed lips gave big impatient sigh kneeled desk mrs hanson kneeled look diane desk look front richard maybe richard took money poked desk richard jumped seat hey thief
closed eyes admit wasn bright mother extra dollar morning buy quart milk eleven home school pinned inside jeans pocket mrs hanson told lester peanut butter sandwich office lunch lester slumped seat lunch recess mrs hanson pulled chair front room sat looked looked problem room began slowly don think money disappearing times called accident don say think room taking money stopped didn sound generally don tattling helping find taking money tattling problem help person let stopped liked side knows seen money tell want talk talk won tell rest afternoon read quietly reading books bell rang principal asked attention mrs hanson informed room taking money person makes mistakes takes strong person forward say mistake
simon desk slumped staring dull wood carved hate school wood worked letters deep motto stone simon sighed teacher clipboard hand choosing cast nutrition play cast tony angotti dill pickle meant simon non favorites swiss cheese thought yellow box full holes miserable costumes halloween limited mask absent miss mcfawn cast laura goode melissa holbrook green beans casting tony angotti guys look green beans turn sideways simon smiled frontways look spaghetti simon laughed laura goode hit arm music book didn say simon protested laughed turned violence characteristic green bean coldly arm hurt refused rub waited hope miss mcfawn cast billy bonfili hot dog wanda sanchez bun slowly realized entire play cast bananas tacos onions pecans surrounded role let miss mcfawn indigestion indigestion simon couldn believe lead role spite knew wanted indigestion
school tony angotti simon standing water fountain tony forgotten insult cast dill pickle telling simon today sister birthday couldn home clock began imitating sister perfectly tony spoils eeeeeeverything spies copies say don want paaaaaarty tony going spoils eeeeeeverything warming imitation harriet haywood cybil wants re mad harriet simon simon raised head drinking fountain answer tony asked mad ackerman harriet taking part play getting ms indigestion tony plainly disappointed mad simon stood side hand water fountain watching harriet tony angotti felt patient discussed doctor nurse sure mad haywood tony decided think think mind wants macaroni pie jar peanut butter simon corrected tony warmed discussion listen haywood tell cybil ackerman simon mad tell plenty mad tell harriet began slowly tony cut tell cybil ackerman mad double popsicle play legs harriet gasped wait minute didn say listen haywood
simon entered house sighed relief rid tony picked mail letter father felt worse letters father living boat coast california forest oregon letters robinson crusoe descriptions eating gathered wood built fires mended clothes letters simon hate outdoors hate rival simon nature sensed hate dog senses fear poison ivy wasps pollen retaliate imagine mother nature thought hurricanes tornadoes pointing direction instructing plants insects smile sic im today letter stop hoping letters told useless trying kidnapped grade finally learned smile awful winter father simon seen tv special father left father father kidnapped son idea simon stop breathing maybe moment possibility put hand chest pounding heart maybe moment father planning kidnap suddenly learning christmas television kidnapping odd remember grade lessons dangers kidnapped
wolf lay end strong tether watching dog side hidden bending boughs oak hung auburn leaves autumn boy watched dog boxer shade lighter oak leaves taunting wolf eyes ears teeth bristling hair wolf white coppery background frostbitten foliage concerned careful show stretched sharp muzzle fore paws eyes merest slits tip tongue moved moistened nose scent dog sharply nerve endings brain boy course knew wolf hated dog fiber wild beginnings boy knew dog hated wolf things runners dogs wolves aggravate explosive situation wolf tethered kenneled watch dog roamed freely leaving mark tree bush post invisible insulting ring wolves wait past masters patience expired earth bred discipline learned follow caribou herds sickened stayed days deer trail tired learned lay den entrance hours small mouthful ground squirrel
russ couldn help wondering posses trouble hunting night dodging search parties daylight nights uninterrupted lamb gray finally hungry reason jumped lamb dusk sheep big flock blathering straight farm tried call wolf gray left dogs barking running shouting russ looked gray indistinct white fresco wolf painted clump spruce dark couldn pick details gray alert ears erect eyes narrowed hair bristling apprehension tip pink tongue showing wolf perturbed home companionable pair russ understand forest wolf ground uneasy truce gotten belt wolf collar avoided predicament steadily worsening fifteen realize couldn run forever gray submitted russ wondered wanted walk wolf kennels handing say going russ problem wisconsin north woods wild wolf
russ knew wasn created snuffed whim thought wolf drone airplane disturbed thoughts crawled edge forest look coming straight slow flying piper cub dipping wings side pilot passenger obviously searched forest sign wolf russ scrambled beneath skirt spruce airplane search gray open spot instantly waited drone airplane faded seen wolf sound low hum bumblebee tardily searching nectar clump purple asters edge marsh boy feet moved deeper forest hundred yards scattering feathers gray obviously paused eat pheasant hungry wolf gulped legs wing tips drops blood turned black pine needles gray head creek drink russ going pine gave scattering bare boned alder bushes naked birch saw glint water slowed looking carefully left wolf didn animal continued downstream banks high hold water strictly channel sat wait
motorcars conglomerations word bundles steel wire rubber plastic electricity oil gasoline water toffee papers pushed crack seat sunday smoke comes horn squawks front white lights big eyes front red lights motorcars tin boxes wheels running motorcars mine instance understand kind don scratch paint bang doors fill pump need clean polished rain snow find find persons ordinary persons magical persons don believe read car going tell believe guess say don agree motorcars conglomerates machinery fuel family called pott father royal navy commander caractacus pott think caractacus sounds funny fact original caractacus british chieftain sort robin hood led english army roman invaders expect plenty caractacuses don
hunted afternoon looked brand cars visited secondhand showrooms smart salesmen offered commander mrs pott cigarettes jeremy jemima candies try tempt buy commander pott knew pretty cars engineer officer navy inventor look hood trial listening carefully sound engine generally didn notice speedometer disconnected chassis bent crash scratches dents salesman carefully painted cautious buying secondhand careful owner anyway thing order person want rid end broken garage run famous racing driver big tin shed couple grimy gas pumps inside concrete floor slippery oil bits pieces cars garage tinkering fun sort enthusiast commander pott warm corner heart talking mimsie jeremy jemima pretty tired grew impatient suddenly surprised commander pott follow garage round shed low object hidden tarpaulin
tell huge gleaming green car flew click big central gear lever commander pott gear forty miles hour click seventy miles hour touched hundred miles hour put huge car top gear passing black beetle cars standing ga ga klaxon swept big safe double lane highway drivers family sedans looked rear mirrors saw gleaming monster whistling drew side let drivers cooer smashing green car past caught hurricane howl big exhausts note number gen ii drivers noticed number spelled thought nice short number easy remember bang bang end highway commander pott carefully swung big car lane roared home jeremy jemima clutched armrest excitement looked glittering dashboard watched needle speedometer creep hundred stay turning home commander pott clamped powerful hydraulic brakes car creeping turned highway bumped narrow lane lights workshop
flush times postwar era standard americans measured material progress fell grim depression country yearned reach high plateau income average american percent greater allowance increases prices taxes capita income percent higher war boom remarkable capacity united states economy concluded economic historian harold vatter represents crossing divide history humanity economic performance elaboration diffusion consumer culture nation close full employment millions freed anxieties subsistence engrossed manufacturers advertising agencies encouraged sovereign consumer indulge preoccupation marginal differentiation products medieval society centered religious observances cathedral town postwar america absorbed acquisition goods evolved variety institutions suburban supermarkets gourmet food stores ministered shopper consumer culture penetrated shopping mall foreign countries earlier borrowed american innovations assembly line skyscraper erected beba coca cola signs listened muzak bought colonel sanders kentucky fried chicken accustomed wheeling carts laden campbell soup quaker oats aisles supermarche supermercado supermarked
police action korea provided occasion april truman firing general army douglas macarthur supreme commander united nations forces general opposed strategy limited war claimed substitute victory politicked republican leaders congress president concluded longer tolerate insubordination liberals believed truman move defense presidency flamboyant manner gave impression fancied horseback liberal editor freda kirchwey wrote dismissal ended present threat bonapartism asiafirsters convinced united states force showdown east brook compromise struggle communist outraged senator mccarthy called president son bitch blamed deed white house cabal stoned bourbon benzedrine communications executive office ran truman cape cod california flags flew half mast congressional hearing revealed chiefs staff disputed macarthur contention preferable wider conflict controversy simmered cost president valuable political capital greater danger party twenty tenure history kinder harry truman contemporaries aftermath war easy retrospect acknowledged highly successful andrew johnson clinton phrase reform traditon intact strengthened
consequential episode began august whittaker chambers magazine senior editor told house committee un american activities alger hiss president carnegie endowment international peace department official member communist party unprepossessing chambers produced charges committee served forum false accusations president truman dismiss allegation brought california congressman richard nixon red herring designed distract attention shortcomings eightieth congress december night month elections chambers led investigators maryland farm hollowed pumpkin extracted microfilms classified government documents chambers declared spy ring hiss member january trials hiss sentenced prison perjury statute limitations treason run hiss served purposes communist republicans deal official served director special political affairs department helped arrange san francisco conference gave birth united nations present yalta truman red herring remark appeared administration indifferent subversion troubles compounded secretary dean acheson intend turn alger hiss
traveler prewar days compelled put fly tourist cabins bedded luxurious motels boasting kidney shaped swimming pools saunas chuck wagon buffets inevitable television set air conditioned room quarter weary driver stretch double bed decorator coordinated spread jiggled tensions relaxing machine vladimir humbert humbert sang praises functional motel clean neat safe nooks ideal places sleep argument reconciliation insatiable illicit love stone cottages enormous trees twin bedded cell paradise yellow window shades pulled create morning illusion venice sunshine actually pennsylvania rain attentive motels spiritual needs wayfarers holiday inns introduced chaplain call service shreveport motel chapel meditation garden spirituality paid homage opulence consumer culture ubiquitous gideon bible motel drawer appeared hues bittersweet beige walnut olive playboy hotel requested bibles original black harmonize black white motif hugh hefner trademark gideon functionaries scour warehouse find copies book required color air travel largely confined wealthy commonplace postwar pilots glamorous fly boys put bus drivers
elaborate exposition interpretation pen david riesman notably highly influential volume lonely crowd consumption society riesman pointed characteristics honed scarcity order frugality denial longer required abundance psychology capable wasteful luxury consumption leisure surplus product child adapted milieu internalizing traditional values sensitizing expectations peer groups strangers mass media parents feel guilty violation standards failure popular manage relations children riesman wrote changed circumstances parents try directed fashion compel internalization disciplined pursuit clear goals run risk children styled clear personality market americans continued think country citadel individual entrepreneurs worked organizations corporations government agencies universities proportion employed percent labor force fell percent percent end percent drew pay organizations hundred employees contrast percent employment rolls local government increased percent accounted nearly eighth nonagricultural force
rarely public figure suited nation mood dwight david eisenhower wearied partisan strife unsullied political experience thrown cold water attempt draft presidency observing wise subordination military civilian power sustained professional soldiers abstain seeking high political office general singularly lacking qualities martinet genial manner ready grin moved multitudes shout ike humble comportment whistle stop say bit overwhelming crowd memory goes barren kansas prairie boys running barefooted dust astonishment want think victorious commander allied forces war fascism general appeared ideally qualified bring korean episode satisfactory termination eisenhower difficulty overcoming opposition campaign favorite internationalist moderate eastern seabord wing party won republican nomination subduing robert taft idol nationalist conservative hinterland corn belt conservatives dominated gop bloc congress failed win presidential designation democrats reluctant nominee adlai stevenson illinois governor deal functionary stevenson wit eloquence delighted readers atlantic monthly match ike
kennedy inaugural address admired despite affectations clear cold war high noon tribunes national purpose won convert acceptance speech los kennedy resolve move country values consumer culture commitment engagement frontier explained sums intend offer american intend ask appeals pride pocketbook tv debates scolded nixon telling krushchev ahead rocket thrust re ahead color television rocket thrust important inaugural oration president admonished ask country ask country youngest elected presidency kennedy emphasized torch passed generation americans born century tempered war disciplined hard bitter peace proud ancient heritage birth predecessor dwight eisenhower seventy oldest occupy white house captain united states army konrad adenauer chosen lord mayor cologne nikita khrushchev soldiering czar kennedy appointed young highest posts government notably attorney named thirty brother robert
american moving kennedy gave attention sluggish economy part worry balance payments exigency acted restraint outset kennedy government contemned eisenhower administration kennedy policies moderate climb federal spending trade expansion act stable interest rates helped account billion increment gross national product appreciable price rise kennedy asserted economist seymour harris literate presidents understanding modern economics revealed courage willingness risk political losses putting economics test market place sought educate country heresies economics asked congress billion dollar slash taxes aim deliberately augmenting federal deficit expectation stimulate growth congress bottled tax cut request president disappointed find despite soaring gnp unemployment remained melancholy percent kennedy satisfaction knowing brought country eisenhower recession started longest sustained recovery nation history kennedy success achieving frontier social welfare put unemployment compensation area redevelopment public works manpower training legislation water pollution control seashore acquisition programs raise minimum wage extended consumer culture occupations hotel restaurant
john kennedy hailed president racial integration final position slowly duress antipathy discrimination support brown decision doubt hesitated advocate civil rights legislation feared fail pull rest program fact strong stand alabama desegregation crisis comfortable margin area development measure melted thirty congressmen switched abruptly bill lost votes kennedy reasoned rely executive action concentrate attention federal establishment president authority chief executive national government staging area civil rights movement put committee headed vice president johnson ferret evidence discrimination federal employment industries government contracts brother robert department justice enlisted remarkable crew dedicated byron white raised supreme court nicholas deb katzenbach burke marshall ramsey clark john doar occasion jackson mississippi create legend nervily walking mob gary cooper gunless streets dodge city tough breed ed guthman besieged university mississippi reported phone attorney general sorta alamo bob kennedy retorted happened fellows
nonetheless contemporary america offered grounds concern task force report hugh davis graham ted robert national commission prevention violence concluded compared nations acts collective violence private citizens united states extraordinarily numerous numbers political assassinations riots politically relevant armed group attacks demonstrations united states half dozen tumultuous nations past violence america inflicted powerful assumed volatile mode action dissidents persons symbols authority ominous month month violence vietnam war imperiling public safety leading americans question legitimacy national government conflict southeast asia longest war country history bloodiest certainly popular sure americans disliked slaughter bring accept defeat fall students supported administration war policy contrary impression press thirty hawkish fifty significant minority especially campuses united states intervention consequences death maiming young americans scarred bodies vietnamese children pulverization villages defoliation countryside gross betrayal humane democratic values
uninhibited displays book stores movie marquees obscured fact national concordance sexual mores opinion survey learned percent respondents wanted pornography outlawed minority report president commission protested hard core materials eroding effect society public morality respect human worth attitudes family love culture reverend dr billy james hargis leader christian crusade charged morality part gigantic conspiracy bring america don want kid hear lesbians homosexuals sexual intercourse evangelist concerned tops yo hide seek division country revealed newsweek wrote society lost consensus crucial issues premarital sex clerical celibacy marriage birth control sex education society agree standards conduct language manners lost consensus sexual roles derived counter culture women liberation movement combined emancipationist convictions fashioned reformism program women lib requested simply accomplishment traditional unexceptionable feminist objectives equality opportunity spokesmen pointed gains achieved women comprised smaller percentage college population degrees earned half median income training
ready acknowledge counter culture blended consumer culture bemoaning materialism suburban america young rebels acquired expensive stereo sets amplified sound electric guitars drove triumphs decorated psychedelic butterflies psychedelicatessens catered needs drug addicts forty store chain jeans west profited sale hippie clothing merchants retailed accessories love beads benjamin franklin eyeglasses participant woodstock festival tom smucker recalled awoke hear committee aid national liberation front announcing loudspeaker dry che guevara shirts dollars shirts cost heard percent maybe silk screened earlier york slogan dr leary medicine show tune turn drop fundamentally lyric ford future wrote frederic morton yesterday young marrieds yonkers motored country club de luxe hardtop cocktail prestigious friends today split electric circus american motors rebel freak fellow swingers arlo guthrie alice restaurant impaled bourgeois america actual alice provided locale song movie wound commissioning chain alice restaurants ideology counter culture set works charles reich greening america theodore making counter culture drew heavy flak intellectuals offended soggy ratiocination
nixon republicans returns disquieting aspects despite president landslide victory democrats maintained control houses congress incredibly picked net seats senate nixon president begin terms opposition congress unprecedented ticket splitting confirmed country inclined democrats supported nixon enthusiasm party distrust mcgovern fact millions americans put candidates vote turnout sank lowest percentage nixon success suggested emerging republican majority kevin phillips foreseen areas upper south democratic hold broken nation results realignment transitory rebellion candidate thought presidential timber fittingly consumer culture provided stage mcgovern final bow defeated candidate checked motel suite sioux falls south dakota election marquee holiday read verdict electorate implied united states celebrated hundredth anniversary richard nixon preside national stock taking americans especially intellectuals inspirited departures dismaying prospect henry adams observed contemplating movement fixed points line presidents washington grant caused lose faith conception inevitable progress reformers transition franklin roosevelt nixon vividly highlighted tribulations liberalism
carter recognized watergate changed public mood fact outsider connection washington proved asset carter campaigned promise overhaul bloated unmanageable bureaucracy national government sunday school teacher missionary billy graham evangelical baptist faith won support born christians undergone experience conversion sewed truth vote country thought character relevant program carter told voters tell lie wanted government filled love american simple minded rural fundamentalist perused dylan thomas reinhold niebuhr naval officer nuclear engineer fond bob dylan allman brothers hung martin luther king portrait georgia capitol series primary races carter blew democratic rivals emerged national convention party nomination held appeared insurmountable lead gerald ford contest presidency ensuing campaign turned vacuous nearly cost carter presidency struggle democratic senator issue content student council race shallow carter speeches fuzzy impression georgian conveyed left open ford charge wavers wanders wiggles waffles
reagan offered country elixir supply side economics mixed strong draught military spending predicted combination tax cuts reduced government regulation spur investment extent era expansion working congress willing stifle doubts give prescription try short order reagan persuaded congress slash personal income taxes scaling social expenditures reagan congress cut welfare programs derived deal society food stamps medicaid pushed vast increases military outlays process carter administration reagan proposed shell billion defense mid dollars appropriated congress pentagon liberal critics charged reagan transferring resources poor military industrial complex conservatives feared stepped armament disbursements unbalance budget president claimed plan benefit rising tide prosperity boats float reagan office ended painfully clear program working reagan succeed lowering inflation unacceptable cost december unemployment reached highest monthly rate beginning war ii statisticians recorded greatest number business failures forty
kid burned rig brakes corkscrew grade eleven thirty night panicking wheel combo tractor semitrailer picked momentum kid raced diesel double clutched tried jam lower gear grind stripping transmission jarred bunk barney conners awake fast easy kid yelled eyes open knew seeing late stop rolling unchecked downgrade mean corkscrew trucker graveyard lay horns barney shouted hoping joel nichols highway trooper stationed grade alerted emergency swung bunk ahead sharp red clusters taillights beady truck markers traced broken line dropping twists divided highway corkscrew past patrol car spot fingers fear squeezed barney stomach kid strict orders wake top hill kid boomed stretch level ridge corkscrew think miles murderous downgrade ahead runaway rig ton load machine parts barney reached wheel slammed rump helper let
warren talking climb step determine logical wall spent lot base monolith studying wall binoculars scopes photographed detail millimeter lens enlarged pictures memorized features hoped natural crack pattern rock driving pitons flaws find photographs showed number areas cracks obviously pitons pounded solid rock techniques tried sheer rock climbers drill inch deep holes drive expansion bolts takes minutes bolt bolt adds feet elevation going climb feet flawless rock faster technique tried mashing soft aluminum rivets half inch holes found gain feet minutes confident rivets holding tried low rocks discovered careful jerk hang coming anticipated wall days design equipment sleep protection storms carrying pounds supplies estimated need
history exciting news columbus voyages spain europe talking thought columbus sailed indies found wrong didn matter exciting thousands young left spain fortune islands gold wanted lucky find rich princes rest say helped explore continents conquer islands win rich empire spain chapter tells empire won according map islands columbus found east indies true map page shows east indies ocean ten thousand miles wanted reach sailing west pass wall land columbus met continents north south america took spaniards fifteen understand found east indies columbus saying sea captains didn think italian named amerigo vespucci vespucci sailed king portugal voyage coast south america voyage wrote letters king saying land seen china indies
indians led balboa pacific ocean told indian empire rich gold silver south western side south america captains balboa francisco pizarro pizarro heard story forgot ten later sailed south panama explore coast find indians lived sure story true set sail ships cannons soldiers twenty horsemen traveled partly land partly sea reached country peru indians lived part south america incas inca empire spread thousand miles mountain country cities built high mountains connect parts empire incas built winding mountain roads narrow bridges hung ropes spaniards left seacoast mountains straight city emperor atahualpa emperor incas let enter city camp main square fight atahualpa sure warriors beat spaniards calmly meet guard thousand
cortes balboa de soto winning empire spain nations europe began trade conquest chapter explorers sailed england france holland show paths voyages lands claimed columbus found islands caribbean italian sea captain crossed atlantic ocean discovered north america john cabot sailing england cabot mistake columbus thought north america asia india china coast wasn sea captains learned north america asia east pacific ocean thousands miles problem north america problem spanish sea captains south america sail past pacific english dutch french ships cross pacific share spice trade north south america joined panama chance sailing north america south ways ship pacific finding water passage middle north america sailing north america islands north
continental congress met philadelphia weeks lexington concord members congress city squads american soldiers marched meet bring honor streets flags flying signs saying liberty death war knew leading colonists wanted separate country wanted stay england willing carry muskets fight british army thought family fight colonists born england parents born friends relatives living farms towns england moment wanted win rights part english nation colonists thought beat england war england powerful country million england half million americans fighting turned war british send troops needed powerful navy colonists members congress king polite letter asking troops boston didn think
revolution congress meeting philadelphia powers thirteen states united country didn president political economic powers congress laws states obey didn want states won political rights england didn want give congress safe thing let states laws country struggled weak government revolution problems country congress couldn solve hard times revolution wasn trade europe farmers couldn sell grain meat products merchant ships partly full going seaports times bad try protect york passed law saying farm products coming jersey connecticut taxed protect farmers york price jersey connecticut products high wouldn buy york buy milk meat products york farmers states passed laws feeling states wasn friendly
constitution written states voted favor united states government government kind government ruled kings united states ruled citizens women vote true slaves poor vote countries united states democratic government later abraham lincoln called government country tried government knew chapter tells worked george washington president united states york city april sunny large crowd watching stepped balcony wall street swore preserve protect defend constitution united states doubt president washington trust election president vote washington unanimous jefferson france election washington president washington message asked join government
african geography played major role shaping africa past creating present problems topography climate affect economic social development africa huge continent continent asia larger mainland covers area approximately million square miles times size united states fact put united states western europe india china africa fit africa cut half equator miles equator africa northern point cape blanc tunisia miles southern point cape agulhas south africa north south distance miles east west widest point africa stretches miles compare distance york city san francisco miles realize large africa idea topography africa looks turn saucer upside sloping sides saucer narrow coastal belt girdles africa flat top saucer large plateau tilted upward move eastward africa west side plateau surface rises feet higher eastern part continent plateau feet high
africa farmers percent earn living soil raising crops tending livestock land important africans percent africans subsistence farmers means grow crops raise animals mainly provide families food rest farmers grazers raise cash crops sold marketplace exported rest africa grows kinds products important coffee cocoa spanish cacao cotton peanuts sisal rope cord looking africa dense forests woodlands think africa soil rich africa basically agricultural general soil soil minerals organic matter rich fertile rain forest areas heavy rains wash minerals soil broiling sun destroys soil elements speeding decay primitive methods farming lack knowledge newer methods irrigation cultivation hold growth agriculture add dangerous insects parts africa tsetse fly attacks animals factors help explain percent africa agriculture african states bring methods farming results amazing
language say group groups especially true africa single african speak english french italians mind features peoples feel distinctive national language national heroes national holidays anthems true african african tribes african states areas true major factors africans separated languages dialects spoken africa thousand languages spoken groups hundred village village miles language heard southward congo basin home bantu family languages called words end sound letters ntu mean bantu speak language dialects village understand swahili language spoken kenya uganda burundi rwanda zulu language spoken republic south africa fourteen million west central africa speak hasua language
tenth africa foreign rule english owned cape colony southern end small areas gambia sierre leone boers dutch word meaning farmers moved cape colony english won control established small republics north colony france gained control algeria north small sections west coast senegal portugal coaling stations trading posts angola west coast mozambique east coast twenty later liberia founded freed american slaves abyssinia ethiopia countries foreign rule european nations eager build empires africa reasons help explain thirst colonies europe century undergoing economic social revolution industry growing factories built thousands workers finding jobs production soaring beginnings england industrial revolution spread european continent end napoleonic wars france belgium holland italy felt effects industrialization booming factories industries needed things growing raw materials feed machines turn products markets sell goods eyes turned africa untapped market ivory rubber sesal cocoa gotten large quantities africa
map page shows africa exception ethiopia liberia direct indirect european control france owned largest share african territory england colonies richest continent france established firm foothold algeria northern africa gradually spread control mediterranean coast southward sahara land north congo river colonized french including ivory coast dahomey senegal later french colony french began move gabon eastward lake chad reason acquire territory fashoda crisis french force captain marchand met british military unit fashoda sudan tense moment groups clash french outnumbered forced withdraw leaving sudan british affair existing bitter rivalry result hostility england france flared war france gained control morocco giving france complete control western half african mediterranean coast british cape colony dutch cape pushed northward established control scattered areas nigeria gold coast sierra leone gambia east africa east coast
european nations govern african colonies treat african nation controlled part africa differently area patterns emerged colonizers brought social cricket golf clubs organized prejudices color ban imposed exclusive colonial society whites sprang west africa treatment natives looked hopefully africans replace europeans skilled jobs professions division europeans africans grew marked east africa natives grew resentful growing number europeans land settlers feared uprising parts africa english settlers farm homes rhodesia kenya east africa definite separation whites blacks existed africans permitted hotels clubs restaurants live residential areas whites found colonies english minority controlled government collected taxes natives voice vote management local affairs police protection traffic control west africa british settlers english rule indirect british controlled important posts ruled tribal african chiefs permitted authority
african nationalist government lifetime prime minister smith declared rhodesia independence britain heart problem struggle maintain white supremacy rhodesia racial relations major factor historical development rhodesia associates northern rhodesia zambia nyasaland malawi republic south africa rhodesia whites control african population south africa rhodesia finds cut rest apartheid spread rhodesia rhodesia part british empire south africa dropped membership british commonwealth nations apartheid unlike south africa independent country seceded known early rhodesian history portuguese captured arab coastal part set stations interior believed beginning iron age karanga crossed zambezi river enter rhodesia rhodesia period inhabited stone age hunters bushman khoisan type speakers bantu area worked iron stone traded gold arab merchants middle ages region inhabited bantus partly emerged primitive bantus later ruled monomotapas kings traded portuguese
states africa looking programs policies help reach dreamed goals want improve living working conditions want build stable governments enjoy respect countries want acquire dignity accomplishment security law order want helping hand reaching goals goals easy reach africans face pressures inside influence let examine americans think africa huge picture clearly incorrect actual fact unity africans single important factor keeping african nations disunited tribalism seen races africa learned languages spoken tribal religions major moslem christian groups spread independent states large size population nigeria tiny gambia compare systems america europe asia states africa ways sparsely populated economically weak armies exceptions small inexperienced states trouble keeping order inside borders
africa needs help kinds african states aid country offers accept aid colonial powers united states united nations communist states communism wants foot door africa according communist theory victory communism newly formed states important wide growth communism result propaganda economic military assistance moscow peking trying spread influence africa russia established diplomatic relations newly independent nations supported colonial measures relating african countries offered economic aid carried wide variety cultural contacts african states african leaders emperor haile selassie ethiopia president sekou toure guinea red carpet treatment visits russia united states declined help egypt build aswan dam russia promised financial technical help early efforts win friends africa bring degree success russia russia aimed propaganda countries guinea mali ghana split russia communist china competed russia foothold africa half independent african states entered diplomatic relations red china russian chinese efforts successful africa
younger found fun crawl inside tent hide cave climb tree crude house built spreading branches place pretend home dream give imagination wide rein hours real fun able shut rest feel free suddenly reality hungry food found home parents getting dark decided run home security electric light refrigerator grown ups colder heat furnace radiator home warm concerned tent cave tree house fine require food shelter found home ran imagine home culture readily corner store food warm house nearby enter happen certainly heard story robinson crusoe shipwrecked lonely island figure food clothing shelter basic needs
soviet union full union soviet socialist republics stretches eastern half europe central northern asia pacific ocean westerly point kaliningrad baltic sea reaches eastward halfway cape dezhnev bering sea soviet union short miles alaska united states high latitude distance miles shorter equator distance end eleven zones boy living shores pacific ocean east dinner soviet teenager living west school northern boundary arctic ocean northerly point degrees latitude cape chelyuskin thousand miles southernmost point kushka edge afghanistan latitude degrees russia takes continents europe asia called heartland eurasia soviet union room united states canada mexico total area square miles makes larger entire continent south america times large england
alexander ruled russia quarter century believe part reign alexander liberal interested making improve ways living russia alexander wanted improvements carried completion interested setting constitution russia establishing representative governing groups local national levels committee appointed agree establish constitution ready alexander ready expense reducing czar power result reform idea alexander interested evils serfdom want alarm nobles owned land serfs result owners allowed required free serfs fewer serfs received freedom czar wanted encourage education upper classes intention build hundreds schools universities constructed czar money carry plans encouraged printing books allow spoke serfdom person alexander willingly agreed free condition voluntarily emperor wished
asia largest continents names confused ago europeans called orient located east europe turkey arabia part asia nearest europe called east part study unit called east furthest south southeast asia considered east recent term east asia include nations located eastern rim continent touching pacific ocean japan includes series islands pacific ocean lying mainland country region furthest east north japanese call country nippon means land rising sun chosen sun rises japan mainland continent westward japan korean strait peninsula korea lies japan china korea battleground countries korea divided north korea south korea korea looms populated country china mainland find republic china communist china island taiwan formosa hundred miles east find nationalist china called republic nationalist china chinas koreas remembered separated countries
heard chinese spoken attention caught differences tone word word resulting sound musical reason chinese words syllable tones give meanings word word tones meanings district china language chinese living widely separated areas understand true sounds thirds speak mandarin language educated understand course variations dialect smaller local areas difficulties understanding arise chinese living places remembered countries dialect differences borders true england united states italy nations spoken tongue differences place place written language china canton peking pronounce words differently understand thing read chinese easy language learn speak written form difficult chief difficulty written chinese alphabet letters english combining letters varying ways form words chinese entirely character word
roman period europe east asia actually tied thread silk silk road land route caravans carrying valuable fibers eastern asia europe started ago limited trade east west continued centuries difficult land route powerful surge increased trade result forces development sea routes europe africa east asia transportation easier industrial revolution british wanted markets large supply cotton goods factories china large population market western nations wanted silks tea spices arts east asia sell growing markets europe british succeeded getting china permission trade port canton soon joined dutch french americans chinese wanted complete control trade outsiders government organized hong included chinese merchants western traders business china hong monopoly foreigners live canton banks pearl river food supplied hong mission led lord macartney led lord amherst tried improve trade relations
east asia believe family important individual law china killed put death murder rich killing allowed pay poor penalty gave willing help family money received east asian countries father head house son head family father died important hand daughter considered important member family married left family join husband china fathers known sell daughters slavery money buy food rest family parents planned marriages children children introduction communist rule china shattering effect family ties country controls peasants longer feel need hard care present future needs families children taught longer pay tribute older members family respect peasant dreamed gaining grandsons age longer hope chinese
traders seamen west sailed islands ventured mainland peninsula southeast asia gain riches wanted spices preserve flavor meats later looked arts goods villagers coming industrial revolution west europe factory owners began seek raw materials southeast asia market buy finished products war ii southeast asia served rich treasure house raw materials rest percent tin rubber copra dried coconut meat oil produced region nearly percent exports rice grown lands crossroads addition depended southeast asia quinine medicine fight malaria abaca cord ships tea palm oil spices region tropical hardwoods ebony teak mahogany valuable making fine furniture recent products palm oil hardwoods faced increasing challenges africa rubber quinine chemically factories despite southeast asia productive tropical region today western europe united states japan lean heavily agricultural mineral wealth region
large part population southeast asia makes living land tropical climate soil number places location crossroads encouraged agriculture southeast asia productive farms located river plains coastal lowlands philippines indonesia hillsides terraced provide land farming look heavy vegetation thick forests parts southeast asia believe soil truth places fertile high temperatures humidity tend destroy humus topsoil heavy rainfall carries minerals soil swollen rivers rainy season carry huge amounts mud soil deposit eventually plains deltas sea result inland topsoil low humus short minerals deep fertile soil found plains deltas swollen rivers dropped soil carried plains addition rivers reach sea deposit soil delta lands alluvial plains called soil farming concentrated farming chief occupation southeast asia look population map show tropical area equator high density population
december small group indians chiefly lawyers teachers newspapermen met bombay want tear british rule wanted rally indians promote progress reform encouraged band allan hume retired civil servant fact hume letters graduates university calcutta urging join help improve conditions india beginning movement finally led independence india pakistan meeting indian national congress born call progress reform quiet gained increasing volume shout indian political british government looked meetings national congress opportunity talk problems offer suggestions members chiefly hindus encouraged hume look indians govern indian national congress organized group met cities national congress grew membership importance small local meetings large yearly held members felt british rule remain home rule national congress included group middle class wanted move slowly
south asia proud past trace beginnings dawn history ago greatest civilizations flourish today native indians brought region moslems crossing mountains west south asia heavily populated regions large supply agricultural mineral wealth key place today sitting forces democracy freedom hand communism dictatorship india careful follow policy neutralism non alignment gain play important role conflicts strengths promises subcontinent weaknesses problems south asia today millions millions caught tightly grip poverty hunger disease ignorance incomes average person continuing enormous increase population constantly challenges growing supply food looming conflict exists hindus moslems divided subcontinent countries times led bitter fighting india pakistan border war lasted short finally settled meeting planned soviet union
ago moslems built empire stretched continents asia africa europe cities glorious baghdad tigris river iraq thousand miles spain center cordova jewel west glittering cities moslem millions millions followers islam times faced mecca holy city pray almighty god allah moslem stretched miles atlantic ocean indus river valley eastern mediterranean heartland empire central part region includes egypt iran iraq israel lebanon saudi arabia syria turkey called middle east received position west europe east china japan korea ago famous american captain mahan country controlled middle east rule commands strategic position highway connects continents today moslem includes countries smaller areas wider east west north south actually miles morocco touches atlantic ocean west pakistan borders india northernmost country turkey miles southernmost country region somali republic
winds change sweeping africa end war ii includes ways living thinking strongly influenced geography tradition colonial past forces nationalism understanding influences bringing winds change help western myths africa important give understanding differences culture necessarily mean superior inferior africa south sahara foot past future hand look glories ago hope future filled progress africans cling traditions ties past making efforts break loose modern scientific advances change order sahara africa foot past move future meet rising expectations africans brought problems promises region problems arise lack development resources training promises grow hopes efforts africans africa depend herding farming living
democratic republic congo lies inside valley mighty congo river west central africa area united states lies heart africa size large part united states lies east mississippi river thirds country lies south equator north congo river flows miles jungle lifeline country interesting note nation colony belgium june times size master valley congo river shaped large saucer center land feet sea level rises edges reaching heights feet center congo valley flat lakes swamps rivers rise waters flood nearby countryside country landlocked miles coastline atlantic ocean northern half democratic republic congo largest areas tropical rainforest climate area rain falls days climate warm humid entire fact difference average temperature coldest warmest months degrees
south asia average person expect live age northwest europe expect live africa south sahara read write united states percent americans literate income countries moslem person united states africa percent potential water power asia percent north america europe percentage earth divided worlds entered age progress industrialization considered developed called underdeveloped developing underdeveloped countries located south latitude north includes large part afro asian underdeveloped area country annual income person low find comparatively factories manufacturing railroads highways transportation hospitals clinics schools advanced education professional level large percentage unable read write wealth underdeveloped country hands rich corporations
ground feet grass rock dirt sun sky ball flaming gas american indians call pueblos earth mother fed sun father giving warmth light springtime pueblos thought earth woman pregnant reason careful shoes wore tools want hurt earth mother wearing hard heels want cut soil sharp farm tools pueblos thought part nature tried live nature groups home americas respect nature common nearly refer americans ancestors indians thought discover america scientists disagree date arrived continent say ago say longer ago scientists agree humans america asia crossing narrow strip land longer exists land water bering sea separates asia alaska covers route
american colonists independent nature left britain escape rules america joined restless scotland germany independent hard unsettled frontier century britain ruled colonies light hand fact colonies enjoyed rule colonial colonies kind government system governor chosen british king assembly elected voters colonies assembly power making laws colonists learned run governments learned fight survive wilderness mainly lived britain surviving wilderness george washington sadly discovered war fought britain france british army america fight french indian allies america conflict known french indian war george washington directly involved group colonists joined british army march western woods washington warned british general fighting american forests fighting battlefield europe
tom jefferson cried rode woods virginia seated pillow close horse neck large saddle held firmly hand boy holding father slave thomas jefferson famous wrote ride woods earliest memory remembered older sisters moved house house leaving built father wooden farmhouse large fancy house going huge splendid mansion finest virginia belonged friend jeffersons recently died jeffersons agreed look friend children children cared slaves idea slavery bothered thomas jefferson adult owned slaves depended labor raising tobacco plantation understood slavery wrong terribly wrong opposite thing valued freedom thinking wrong evil thomas jefferson
tall bit clumsy forgetful lost hat coat lot hair seldom combed wore dirty boots clothes important judge united states history john marshall marshall common powerful person government thomas jefferson jefferson wore plain clothes fit properly jefferson marshall belonged family cousins certainly close friends fact despised marshall federalist jefferson republican marshall believed national government stronger states jefferson thought states rights carefully preserved cousins trust reason belonged branches government president jefferson led executive branch chief justice supreme court marshall led judicial branch named chief justice federalist president john adams president adams appointed federal judicial officers justices peace district columbia soon jefferson president system checks balances jefferson marshall try block policies result tug war president supreme court justice
father serra wiped sweat brow waters san diego harbor sparkled priest side stood tired unhappy soldier gaspar de portola sadly spaniards inspected weary survived journey mexico months earlier left mexican town la sailed present california terrible journey ships lost sea entire crew ship fallen ill died san diego harbor junipero serra portola left hundred survivors sick weak journey return thriving spanish colonies mexico priest soldier determined stay traveled shores san diego goal wanted establish spanish settlements california wanted strengthen spain holdings strengthen attempt build california kinds spanish settlements missions presidios pueblos missions housed roman catholic priests father serra priests missions try convert indians christianity presidios military forts protected spanish attacks indians spain european rivals pueblos farming villages crops livestock raised priest soldier dreamed change california
james marshall shaking excitement dripping wet ridden rain john sutter house california sutter marshall build sawmill large property marshall wanted sutter sutter lock door room inside marshall pulled bit cloth pocket small bits yellow metal marshall found sawmill stream january looks gold sutter let test tests proved yellow metal gold marshall deal sutter tried news secret want groups prospectors looked gold property storekeeper found gold saw chance money selling supplies gold miners san francisco bottle gold dust shouting gold gold gold sutter fort soon san francisco burning gold fever dropped rushed sutter fort miles km northwest san francisco women children joined days san francisco ghost town fever spread california towns mexico gold rush begun september news reached midwest east coast end reached europe
war slaves free thousands thousands black overjoyed celebrations celebrations black began thoughts free find homes food free money land settle clothes backs going stay alive blacks stayed plantations helped masters white southerners help give ruined war white survived help slaves southerners felt kindly freed slaves didn shrugged yankees freed let yankees feed freed slaves families took road drifted south foot wagons carts crowded towns cities lived ruins buildings smashed war died hunger sickness food medicine northern church groups quakers help freedmen bureau run army befriended white southerners gave help
democrats south boiling anger suggested civil war thought democratic candidate president samuel tilden elected hoped tilden president rid reconstruction south looked republicans meant steal election tilden southern democrats angry began shouting tilden blood states south controlled republicans south carolina louisiana florida south troops withdrawn troops left white democrats replaced republicans whites blacks office reconstruction end tilden beat republican candidate rutherford hayes democrats white democrats control south tilden democrat won election won popular votes hayes won majority electoral votes electoral vote short winning votes needed hayes won electoral votes states south carolina louisiana florida results voting doubt course southern states power hayes electoral votes states win election impossible won election states
nearly midnight october workshop menlo park jersey working late thomas alva edison assistant sat staring glass bulb bulb thin lighted wire inside bulb glowed hours burning light bulb edison succeeding course invention edison scientists trying perfect light bulbs edison ideas earlier trying develop incandescent bulb glowed heat wanted give soft steady light wanted inexpensive home tested bulb light lasted minutes edison bulb glowed gave light hours finally burned news traveled practical method electric lighting found edison known wizard menlo park wizard history greatest inventors born problem child asked questions school teacher troublemaker mother teacher took school taught
evening soon end war yorker strolling lexington avenue neared corner street suddenly saw crowd paused asked going hey fellows reds sailor shouted crowd jumped stroller ripped tie knocked ground crowd mistaken stroller worked broker wall street selling stocks bonds red communist wrongly thought communist war called question national panic known red scare red scare took place war soon major revolutions century russia russia suffered greatly war million russian soldiers killed wounded russia close collapse march revolution broke russian emperor imprisoned democratic government took control months revolution occurred radicals known bolsheviks took power bolsheviks communist urged business land owned controlled government
family sits dinner table mother father dressed formal clothes daughter shorter hair mother wears makeup painted lips bright cupid bow skirt inch knees stockings rolled teenager think unusual dressed bold style flappers young women age dress sets parents talks phrases find hard understand sort scene took place home earlier ideas dress speech swept changing times accent youth style nation caught whirlwind social change war woodrow wilson dream bringing league nations dead idea struggling americans wanted forget cares past fun spree danced fast dances charleston black bottom set classical music listened jazz sat flagpoles swallowed live goldfish held contests dance longest
election prosperity republican candidate president herbert hoover speeches hoover promised americans going times americans thought chicken pot car garage republican campaign slogan promised americans business booming wanted hoover republicans won election easily rich rich making money buying stocks person buys share stock company owns part business company makes money stockholder stands chance making money business want shares companies money prices stocks bought shares prices sell profit late rich buying selling stocks america richest let save week wrote puts stocks income month rich rich summer country buying stocks
john kennedy youngest person roman catholic elected president likeable charming intelligent president feared young handle biggest jobs john kennedy doubts ability father joseph kennedy warned problems face problems worse history john kennedy answered dad generation generations faced terrible problems seen solved humans god help spirit john kennedy took oath office january begin opening prayer short circuit sound system caused smoke rise speaker stand american poet robert frost bothered glare sun read poem written occasion kennedy worried rose speech words spoke bold stirring announced generation americans power asked generation dedicate ideal freedom dangers freedom
sunday july patrolman ronald august august worked detroit police force telephone call awakened police station caller big trouble detroit soon patrolman paddy wagon moving riot torn streets gee remembered later looked burning swarming looters broken stores stolen things carrying whiskey tape recorders cameras tv sets august recalled olds wagons full brand underwear socks shoes carrying riot lasted days forty died estimated injured fire destroyed stores homes riot destructive national guard action army troops moved detroit streets michigan governor george romney toured city saw block block ruined stores apartments looked city bombed detroit wasn decade flare rioting ripped harlem york city part los called watts torn riots cleveland chicago early july riots broken newark jersey nation edge
henry kissinger sick bed reporters traveling president nixon top foreign policy adviser told news today thought wrong kissinger sick bed henry kissinger slipped press longer pakistan trip clock july morning plane flying himalaya mountains high official government going china united states china quarreling chinese civil war ended communists led mao tung took power later chinese troops shooting korea chapter korea china exchanged threats kissinger thought patch quarrel kissinger china days days began series events china began patch quarrel affected dealings soviet union led thaw cold war richard nixon thought cold war president asked henry kissinger help guide foreign policy kissinger strong opinions college professor written important book nuclear weapons
true story friday afternoon wood shop jim pitch baseball team anxious finish baseball equipment rack building room needed chisel trim board teacher warned hands sharp edge chisel jim hurry thought didn clamp vise held wood hand hand operate chisel things going fine chisel slipped cutting edge hit jim thumb cutting deep gash school nurse put bandage told couldn hand days meant game painful cut rules jim lucky accident lot worse working machine lost finger wrong thing jim wasn safety habits failed practice important lessons follow directions chances chances shop read instructions book step watch instructor demonstrates course danger hurt playing game working shop
plywood gluing layers thin wood plies called faces center ply plies core core layers veneer thin sheets wood solid lumber plies grain layer runs angles grain layer plies layers softwood plywoods divided exterior waterproof interior waterproof types projects painted enameled interior plywood common grades softwood plywood sides smooth surface face side smooth side solid surface side poor quality hardwood plywoods ply called veneer face layer hardwood birch mahogany walnut cherry gum grade hardwood plywood determined quality face panel grades order quality premium sound utility plywood comes standard thicknesses inch common size plywood sheet feet feet plywood sold square foot piece feet wide feet square feet hardboard consists wood fibers held bonding material glue wood fibers treated chemicals pressed thousands pounds pressure
going summer family going trip dad neighbors going camp beach mountains summer successful play plans interesting worthwhile ready takes care workaday paid ideas efforts planning important part job engineer planner planning wouldn chance building bridges roads large office buildings industrial designer spends planning products ways getting jobs build things lost plan plans big things buildings small things couldn play game touch flag football plans planning especially important going tools materials things fact job half planned slogan follow plan plan sure start butchering wood waste lot lumber lumber costs money poor end wants
angle surfaces cut chamfer bevel taper chamfer slanted surface cutting edge end corner chamfered edge cut part edge angle degrees chamfer cut order remove sharp edge improve appearance bevel sloping edge fit pieces form shape taper cut gradually smaller end tent pegs legs tables chairs stools tapered sides leg tapered inside sides tapered sliding bevel lay check odd angles degrees consists handle adjustable blade clamping screw end handle locks blade set bevel protractor carpenter square metal protractor set bevel odd angle degrees set sliding bevel degree angle hold blade bevel corner carpenter square equal distance body tongue set degree angle set blade inches tongue inches body
chisel strong steel cutting tool sharp bevel edge end chisels shape fit parts important choose sharp chisel handle correctly easy cut chisel sharp exposed blade fingers clear cutting edge working chisels types tang called shank socket tang chisel short point tang extends wood handle present tang chisels blade tang piece tang extends handle metal cap socket chisel socket cup shape end blade handle fits chisel size shown blade widths ranging inch inch inches common sizes inch mallet short handled hammer large head wood rawhide plastic strike chisel heavy cutting select chisel sure sharp free nicks clamp vise fasten top bench cut grain grain remove large amounts wood turn chisel bevel side hold chisel left hand strike mallet
woodworker files rasps forming tools saws edge cutting tools won job find tools repair jobs fitting forming odd shaped parts shapes files common woodworking half round cabinet flat wood files lengths inches wood files double cut teeth rows teeth cut diagonally face file rough wood rasp rasp tool individual cutting teeth removes material faster file leaves rougher surface file cleaner file card needed teeth file rasp clean free wood resin finishing materials surform forming tool hardened tempered tool steel cutting blade blade degree cutting edges small openings easily cut wood plastic soft metals teeth tool clogged replaceable blade fits holder files rasps handles tang puncture hand injury fit handle tool clamp vise select finest tool tool coarse splinter wood hold handle tool hand point left
jointer machine hand plane cutting revolving cutter heads knives size determined widest cut infeed front table adjusted vary depth cut outfeed rear table adjusted height cutterhead jointer remember safety rules instructor permission machine sure guard place fence locked securely stop machine making adjustments examine stock carefully sure free loose knots nails sure stock longer inches push block planing face board attempt plane end grain experienced wood worker safely plane board grain direction grain feed stock slowly smooth finish required cuts inch feed stock slowly edge jointing inch cut remove irregularities check stock determine grain direction adjust infeed table cut inch rough cuts inch finish cuts kind wood helps determine thickness cut thicker cut pine basswood harder woods walnut birch
nails hold wood pieces nailing common ways assembling projects simple nailing takes deal skill watch experienced carpenter drive nails appreciate skill claw hammer wood metal handle workers metal handle prefer wood vibrate hammer size shown weight varies ounces ounce hammer average kinds nails common box casing finishing nails mild steel aluminum aluminum nails advantage rusting doors common nails rough construction home building box nails smaller common nails split wood building boxes crates casing nails smaller head interior trim houses cabinet making finishing nails small heads ideal project making cabinet finished carpentry nail size term penny shown letter knows exactly term comes think meant cost nails pence english money thought meant weight thousand case term
choose screw thirds length part rule follow sure threaded part screw part diameter screw chosen according thickness wood mark location screw hole punch mark center punch scratch awl select drill equal diameter shank screw drill shank hole part chart shows correct drill size hold drill screw shank sight size place piece wood punch hole scratch awl nail drill pilot anchor hole depth screw wood soft hole needed drill pilot hole equal smallest diameter threaded part screw chart sight size depth bit gage screws installed flat head screws cut conical cone shaped hole countersink head screw flush surface check turn screw upside hole installing screws size put depth bit gage countersink
grain woods beautiful articles won want apply finish novelty items surface decoration applied simple ways adding decorations try design burned wood burning tool tool looks small soldering iron electric unit heats point tool hot point burn groove basswood poplar woods light color burning shows clearly burning tools points tool design varied transfer design wood surface heat burning tool try scrap piece wood practice burning straight curved lines place wood bench sit comfortable position hold burning tool pencil start burning straight lines straight edge guide tool steady hand burn curved line practice carefully corner lines meet neatly try curves smooth design completed inside stained darker color stain won run burning tool closed wood pores think danger stain bleeding apply thin coat shellac area don want darkened
look going buy bicycle choose makes models think color size construction test seat angle handlebars look tires wheels check coaster brakes certainly consider things actually deciding design liked wood shop decide design choose project design record shelf look course important hold records thing looks pretty job poorly ugly look houses cars bridges things designed built buy design meets needs don design won buy design thing looks order design object built correctly beautiful pleasing design part study choose designed wood projects easy
nations europe exploring searching sea routes asia king ferdinand queen isabella spain christopher columbus westward find sea route asia columbus italian sea captain genoa believed fastest reach asia sail westward atlantic ocean columbus partly thought smaller continent large body land blocked asia august columbus began brave journey unknown ocean sailed spain ships santa maria nina pinta course westward atlantic ocean ten weeks sea columbus finally reached land october believed land island india called copper skinned peaceful lived indians columbus asia believed island west indies group islands south later called florida columbus voyages europe atlantic ocean found asia discovery continent opened nations europe discovery gave spain claim soon named america
head church england king england king wanted englishman belong church england unhappy church england left worship church pilgrims groups formed church set church law pilgrims prison pilgrims watched night able meet pilgrims decided move netherlands holland able worship wished pilgrims happy able living netherlands children dutch english pilgrims wanted remain englishmen worship wished decided move america pilgrims planned settle virginia north jamestown london company agree london company agreed plan pilgrims trouble raising money trip finally english businessmen offered lend pilgrims money pilgrims promised pay group women children finally accepted offer september pilgrims set sail ship mayflower virginia
king england lord baltimore proprietor owner colony maryland settlers arrived maryland colony success start lord baltimore full power rule maryland wished knew order settlers maryland allow part government maryland formed government virginia maryland elected legislature lawmaking group lord baltimore chose governor judges colony lord baltimore wanted help english catholics settle colony catholics allowed worship wished england lord baltimore wanted catholics settle maryland lord baltimore promised freedom religion freedom worship settlers beginning maryland protestant settlers catholic settlers lord baltimore knew colony success depended catholics protestants getting reason maryland passed law called toleration act law allowed christian worship wished toleration act important step english colonists freedom religion maryland virginia grew stronger period colonies tobacco brought money farmers virginia maryland began money
british plan american colonies concerned settlement ohio valley french indian war britain encouraged american colonists move ohio valley french fur traders french driven north america britain decided slow settlement ohio valley britain reasons wishing american settlers ohio valley reason help british fur traders control fur trade ohio valley reason american settlers atlantic coast trade british merchants reason stop indian attacks frontier chief pontiac indian leader led indian attack frontier pontiac attack drove british fur traders ohio valley american settlers ohio valley british government passed law called proclamation proclamation unlawful colonist settle land west appalachian mountains settlers supposed british fur traders special permission travel west appalachian mountains wanted trade indians proclamation unpopular law america american colonists wanted settle ohio valley angry
leaders american colonies met philadelphia september meeting called continental congress continental congress wanted settle colonies problems britain peacefully declared british government open port boston stop taxing colonies demands decided colonies stop trade britain british government give colonies parliament finally promised tax american colonies colonies agreed tax parliament tax colonies wished americans prepared action samuel adams massachusetts businessman named john hancock gathered guns army supplies general gage british commander massachusetts learned guns hidden town concord april general gage british soldiers boston capture guns ordered arrest adams hancock hiding nearby town lexington americans soon found general gage plans british soldiers left boston paul revere william dawes rode swiftly nearby towns villages warn colonists samuel adams john hancock escaped british troops british soldiers reached lexington met group armed minutemen minutemen colonists trained ready fighting minute notice
revolutionary war states connecticut rhode island drew constitutions plans government connecticut rhode island freedom colonies colonial government plans constitutions constitutions included bill rights list freedoms bill rights promised things worship wished write speak wished meet fair jury trial rights later included national plan government americans enjoyed rights freedoms americans wanted landowners vote members legislatures lawmaking groups wanted legislatures choose governors appoint judges words americans want common part making laws americans wanted vote americans wanted governors judges members legislatures elected states decided follow plan voting included ideas order vote elected office governments land
west fastest growing section nation fourth united states lived west congress west members house representatives power western states grew senate americans continued move west land prices set congress high settlers settlers able buy eighty acres land acre population west grew western states soon added nation land north ohio river east mississippi river called northwest settlers moved west mississippi river northwest soon known northwest northern ohio indiana illinois northwest settled northeast southern part northwest settled mainly small farmers southern states farmers moved northwest able earn living farming south newcomers europe settled northwest settlers ireland germany german settlers moved cincinnatti ohio st louis missouri largest cities northwest northwest mainly land small farms sized farms
western farmers southerners northeast unhappy president adams believed interested helping businessmen northeast election groups formed democratic party andrew jackson leader jackson recall hero war election jackson popular americans won easy victory president john quincy adams remember constitution written vote free states vote voters elected andrew jackson president president jackson called president revolutionary war states legislature elect governor jackson states gave elect governor officials able vote officials ways took part governments jackson president jackson supporters city workers city workers lived hard lives worked sixteen hours low pay factories tried hire women children willing money
americans wanted educated learned attending lyceum lectures talks famous writers government leaders known lyceum lectures cost money attend free gave americans chance learn important things going americans learned going reading penny newspapers newspapers sold cent early penny newspaper printed price newspapers low able buy americans able read early penny newspapers sold york city soon appeared nearly large american cities small towns nation penny newspapers carried home news news reported government affairs sports events newspapers began pictures magazines popular americans hundreds magazines put united states magazines contained stories poems written famous american writers poets magazines gave americans chance read writings america writers storytellers poets
war union blockade southern seaports grew tighter south navy ships tried attack union ships order break blockade southern ports famous sea battle fight monitor union ship merrimac confederate ship battle fought iron iron covered ships sea battle took place ships wood ship able sink battle showed iron wooden ships fighting sea battles south tried buy ships britain union blockade ships alabama alabama confererate ships bought britain destroyed northern trading ships succeed breaking north blockade southern ports general grant union army winning important victories west july grant captured vicksburg mississippi result union army gained control entire mississippi river november general grant captured chattanooga tennessee main railroad center south union troops east able capture richmond virginia confederate capital june general robert lee led army northward invade union met gettysburg pennsylvania strong union army
radical republicans plan reconstruction forced southern states tagree harsh terms allowed union president andrew johnson plan able stop congress making law president johnson plan reconstruction congress angry president radical republicans finally tried remove president johnson office congress failed remove president andrew johnson vote election general ulysses grant elected president president grant supported radical republicans congress southern states accept radical republicans plan reconstruction southern states approved fourteenth amendment fifteenth amendment constitution southern states wrote constitutions southern constitutions improved southern constitutions ways allowed part governments tax money set free public schools build hospitals care poor roads bridges railroads rebuilt southern cities police fire departments started money raised southern governments wasted spent foolishly money badly leaders governments spent money led south war allowed vote part government
american settlers pushed west mississippi river reached vast grassy land called plains land trees rainfall dry farming settlers pushed plains passes rocky mountains california oregon territory plains home warlike plains indians large herds buffaloes plains indians hunted buffaloes depended buffaloes food clothing shelter americans began settle plains protect hunting grounds plains indians attacked settlers united states government soldiers fight indians bloody indian wars fought indians driven hunting grounds indians defeated longer threat white settlers plains cattle raising soon important business plains plains land known cattle kingdom thousands texas cattle herded trips hundreds miles abilene dodge city kansas trips called drives abilene dodge city cattle shipped railroad chicago illinois meat packing center nation cattle kingdom home american cowboys
united states improved dealings latin american nations president franklin roosevelt nation neighbor policy plan friendly dealings latin american nations revolution broke cuba united states neighbor policy sending troops cuba president roosevelt ordered american soldiers removed haiti neighbor policy helped bring nations americas closer early united states tried increase trade nations american government agreed lower tariff tax goods coming nations nations agreed lower tariffs american goods united states signed trade agreements britain canada nations japan ruled small group army leaders decided conquer china japanese army attacked chinese territory manchuria soon captured important cities china asked league nations help japan committee league members met discuss problem representative united states sitting discussions league nations action merely warned japan china japan paid attention warning later japan took chinese territories
president roosevelt died leaders britain china soviet union russia plans organize united nations purpose united nations organization peace april leaders fifty nations met san francisco california drew charter plan united nations october united nations officially started war ended soviet union soon showed danger peace soviet union set communist governments nations eastern europe communist government government owns controls nation kind government called communism communism government tells vote elections communist government secret police sure told president truman determined stop soviet union spreading communism developed plan called truman doctrine help european nations protect soviet union beginning united states gave greece turkey millions dollars help defend soviet union europeans poor hungry communism danger european nations united states set marshall plan named secretary george marshall
unlike president truman president eisenhower request congress pass laws believed congress knew laws american wanted president eisenhower believe federal government supposed try solve nation problems believed governments able handle problems faced nation president eisenhower popular election american elected president eisenhower larger vote main reasons president eisenhower won election promised korea try end war president eisenhower promise korea korean war end american troops stay korea american thankful fighting ended parts asia united states successful communist government took control north viet nam government communist china grew stronger cold war soviet union united states allies europe meetings held united states soviet union try improve dealings meetings successful united states continued send weapons aid free nations europe united states tried encourage european nations ruled communist governments revolt
thousand ago greek historian wondered called africa asia separate continents knew experience traveler saw journeyed southwest asia north africa cross sea lands north africa southwest asia alike history peoples lived story recognize common story speak middle east single region stretches place africa asia meet middle east includes asian countries north turkey east iran south gulf aden includes egypt lies africa african countries west egypt called north africa part middle east lands desert reaches north africa asia map shows parts desert parts rocky picture opposite page shows parts desert covered sand dunes places desert stretches large plain rugged mountain ranges towering peaks forbidding dry land appears live desert move camels herds sheep goats feed scanty desert pastures
city jerusalem called visited city earth certainly famous city important history religious faiths jewish christian moslem middle east birthplace religions find holy land desert region jewish christian faiths began countries known israel jordan moslems look saudi arabia birthplace religion honor places holy land jews christians jerusalem jews remember jerusalem religious center ancient kingdom ancestors hebrews early times hebrews nomads wandered flocks knew sumer famine hebrews wandered egypt forced slavery hebrews important event history escape slavery led egypt moses thousand ago hebrew tribes settled israel jordan leader named saul united tribes kingdom king david enlarged kingdom jerusalem capital greatest took place david son solomon jerusalem solomon built temple jehovah center worship hebrews solomon reign hebrews gave customs desert city
north african city tripoli libya camels motorcars travel streets shown exist side side city north africa middle east fast disappear ancient lands today rapidly changing story turkish village balgat shows rapidly changed recent balgat lies turkish plateau ankara modern capital city find city map page ago balgat fashioned peasant village contact rest trains buses airplanes ankara road connected balgat large neighbor wished visit balgat outsiders walk jolting automobile ride open country modern minded young turkish student visited balgat wrote description village colorless shapeless dump houses running water electric lights streets dusty unpaved balgat poor farmers sheepherders lived worked ancestors produced food clothing money buy things village tiny store
greek named aristides traveled athens rome middle peninsula southern europe aristides heaped praises rome city countryside brought settled orderly visit rome aristides undoubtedly visited place shown picture forum filled temples government buildings helps learn rome early days days athenians building parthenon rome impressed visitors greece hundred aristides visit rome small city tiber river central part italian peninsula early rome ruled nearby countryside wealth fine buildings visitor greece thought rome poor backward place romans conquered neighbors italian peninsula won victories north african city carthage powerful city western mediterranean spread empire lands eastern mediterranean alexander rome took greece middle east greek aristides rome ruled entire civilized rome conquered empire force rome victories brought peace conquest rulers lands fought war
mediterranean surrounded lands part roman empire called mare nostrum sea romans empire lands divided countries learned peninsulas extend europe mediterranean peninsulas alike ways climate mountainous map pages map shows farm land grazing land forests mixed peninsulas unusual mountainous country farm land valleys lower slopes southern europe grazing forest lands higher mountains important differences peoples live countries peninsulas country story think southern europeans think greeks italians spaniards portuguese reason look country separately modern greeks proud country history villager education proudly tell visitor village christ greeks love natural beauty land say sun shines unusual brightness greece giving sea sky special deep color unmatched lands spite history unusual beauty greece poor country today
ancient times greeks called iberians lived largest southern europe peninsulas iberians today language forgotten give land occupied spain portugal known iberian peninsula green colors map page show narrow lowlands coast peninsula brown colors show land feet sea level land rises feet sea highlands iberian peninsula mountain ridges shown maps pages land high plain called tableland plateau spanish call plateau meseta farmer shown page lives meseta compare maps pages mountains edge plateau mountains mark boundary lowlands meseta summers hot dry iberian peninsula mediterranean lands meseta speak summer dust hot winds winters cold plateau colder italy greece madrid located middle meseta heavy frosts winter lies bit farther south rome
hundred ago louis xiv king france declared nature marked boundaries france according king france natural boundaries alps mediterranean pyrenees atlantic rhine river today boundaries northeast maps pages france largest country northern europe greatest number thomas jefferson wrote thought france agreeable countries earth agreed jefferson reason france attractiveness lies variety scenery shown pictures pages picture town built hills picture shows lovely harbor mediterranean coast france snow covered mountain peaks rich plain summer turns gold ripening wheat southern france southern europe olives grapes familiar italy greece land map page shows southern france farm land northern france look landscape map page suggests reason south peaks foothills alps pyrenees south large central plateau soil central plateau rocky poor
denmark norway sweden finland northernmost countries europe north alaska parts norway sweden finland lie north arctic circle denmark norway sweden known scandinavian countries speak similar languages person speaks understand difficulty danish word thanks tak norwegian takk swedish tack finns speak language finland considered scandinavian country lands number ways scandinavian countries independent today times past denmark sweden ruled norway norway separated sweden norwegians choice independence remaining swedish rule results left doubt votes cast voted independence opposed kings sweden ruled finland later land rule russian emperors finns won independence hundred russian rule countries democratic governments today finland republic scandinavian countries monarchies elect lawmakers ancient greeks romans knew northern countries heard north sun set midsummer shine midwinter
norsemen move middle ages plundering coast france sailing east crossed baltic sea sailed rivers land call russia northern part russia land forest marsh villages surrounded cleared patches land rivers small trading towns norsemen pushed streams flowed baltic learned rivers south mountains high hills difficult bands norsemen shoulder light boats carry river found streams emptied dnieper river flowed black sea norsemen drifted dnieper scenery riverbank changed left forest vast open rolling land covered grass grew high horse belly open grasslands known steppes norsemen met northern forests rivers slavs tall light skinned light brown hair tribes slavs lived hills rolling plains eastern europe slavs written language alive stories gods heroes songs generation passed
christians invited akbar hall christian missionaries europe europeans subcontinent mountain gateways sea sailing southern tip africa portuguese reach india sea portuguese ships appeared west coast subcontinent vasco da commanded small fleet sailed lisbon ten months earlier portuguese asked sailed answered search christians spices spices wanted peppers nutmeg cloves buy cheaply asia sell high price europe spices added zest dull meals spices preserve meat important days refrigerators invented christians portuguese sought europe heard tales powerful christian king known priest john prester john prester john supposedly ruled christian empire east knew christians living southwest coast india christians lived twelve hundred christian empire stories prester john legends legends encouraged europeans sail asia india portuguese saw sights
americans delhi watched group hindus demonstrating government buildings members crowd carried large sign reading india defend cow hindus regard cow sacred animal believe wrong kill cows hindus demonstration thought laws india support hindu religion wanted law illegal slaughter cows india indian lawmakers pass law hindus knew indians religions moslems pakistan areas india fourth moslems republic india hindu government religion special position constitution religions treated moslems practice religion hindus indians proud age hindu civilization rightfully say oldest earth hindu civilization changing today important age caste system caste system worked villages cities things difficult high caste person modern factory office sure low caste distance
known east asia confucius centuries repeated words confucius confucius confucius confucius confucius bearer famous born northern china interesting note twelve birth prince siddhartha india siddhartha recall prince buddha lived lives siddhartha confucius differed siddhartha began wealthy prince enjoyed luxury confucius poor village boy mind set study prince siddhartha gave high position chose ruler confucius contrary wanted counselor adviser king beginnings prince siddhartha confucius today remembered teachers millions known stories lives memorized sayings confucius china divided number separate kingdoms quarreled frequently kings war invaded lands killing destroying homes matters worse officials served dishonest longed peace fair government confucius wished reform kingdoms knew reform begin individual
australia smallest continents nation largest countries distance east west australia distance united states think australia zealand located part globe zealand twelve hundred miles australia farther distance orleans canada australia actually closer indonesia zealand australia zealand alike ways americans feel home country australians zealanders speak english ancestors britain countries young countries europeans settled recent centuries fact newer lands europeans settled americas australia zealand australia zealand large population live pennsylvania australia city chicago larger population zealand australians live coast southeastern part continent landscape map page shows reason large part australia desert rest dry grassland support
british government paid attention australia zealand englishmen seeking homes overseas america closer europe american colonies independent british government showed interest southern continent government interested australia losing american colonies lost place send convicts days persons convicted breaking law colonies revolution government find place prison ships left england australia convicts soldiers charge hard order eat kill livestock brought breeding purposes convicts assigned free settlers australia master fair decent convict find bad young convict wrote home parents place farmhouse master deal comfortable expected thing system convict served part sentence ticket leave permitted live officials informed whereabouts settlers australia wanted land
things australia remind americans country speak english americans invented words expressions call herd sheep mob australians federal governments australian parliament american congress houses senate house representatives elects number senators regardless size number representatives lower house depends population federal capital canberra located special district washington located district columbia australians live eastern part country largest city sydney east coast seaport picture page famous bridge harbor sydney australians live southwest coast perth climate california australians democratic believe firmly americans chance land map page shows important thing australia farm land cultivated land located hundred miles coast interior dry crops wheat australia main crop wheat ranches southeast plains united states places wheat fields stretch miles miles directions
living empty apartment small quiet moscow street chetvertaya meshchanskaya parents divorced father kazakhstan wife children seldom received letters mother front geologist singer giving concerts troops education left street street taught swear smoke spit elegantly teeth fists ready fight habit street taught afraid habit realized mattered struggle existence overcome fear stronger ruler street boy sixteen nicknamed red red shoulders incredibly broad boy age red walked masterfully street legs wide slightly rolling gait seaman deck ship peaked cap worn front forelock tumbled fiery cascade round pockmarked face green eyes cat sparkled scorn crossing path lieutenants peaked caps front red trotted heels
tell explode excited heard big brother junior coming home junior spent eighteen months house took stretch shot gun junior corner boys held kravitzes ice cream store hurt mrs kravitz hollered killed junior caught blame put corner boys real impressed told course acted wasn eighteen months standing head impressed jealous brother junior famous family remember headline aging couple robbed junior picture paper cut saved snapshot album put pictures camera brother big stuff front page stuff coming home josh acted eighteen months hear tv house room ghetto kid room junior coming home glad share
marijuana destructive killer weed harmless magic grass question marijuana controversial substance drug abuse facts fancy included writings marijuana difficult sort bias inaccuracy regarding drug present objective statement facts facts research drug effect continuing faced personal decision making regarding marijuana final answers known encouraged draw tentative conclusions guide actions material helpful marijuana indian hemp plant cannabis sativa plant grows easily mild climates especially mexico africa india middle east grows united states drug plant cannabis ancient chinese emperor wrote book drugs medicinal values hemp plant prescribed substance hashish variety complaints including malaria absent mindedness flowers seed heads hemp plant ripen liquid oozes collected pure known hashish dried flowers leaves crushed chopped small pieces rolled smoked cigarettes commonly known reefers sticks joints odor smoke burnt weeds rope distinct sweetish smell
charlie bates didn mind freeways told wife arrived home leave charlie surprised dismayed summer afternoon thirty lanes traffic slowed creep finally standstill high curving overpass looked lower overpass farther twelve lane straightaway leading city center charlie direction cars jammed end end lane lane moved looked cars disturbed waited quietly engines lower levels waited thousands cars sound horns yelling silence bothered charlie frightened decided civilized behave getting worked thought hour passed helicopter flew loudspeaker announced attention part citywide traffic deadlock twenty hours clear choice remaining overnight leaving car freeway city provide police protection crisis coptor boomed message fifty yards heavy murmur freeway driver charlie leaned window
women put gowns hoops rarely wore parents scrubbed children faces wiped smudges tight buttoned shoes took children hand crowd speechmaking swelled fifteen twenty thousand speaker talk today speech hours hours maybe looked ambassador minister secretary president harvard greatest orator daniel webster died maybe wonderful think fine address edward everett utter brilliance appearance president united states present say words president happy thursday november begin worried father youngest surviving child tad sick cat doctors didn ailed scamp known lincoln left washington bob college mother fit tied willie died illness tad invited belatedly put official appearance ceremony backed lincoln didn think trip pennsylvania important president anyway told lot yarns visited battlefield antietam previously
assassination president lincoln began urge national monument constructed honor project undertaken lincoln memorial washington completed passing humble manner plain wisdom abraham lincoln valued american characteristics portrayed giant statue lincoln dominates lincoln memorial americans abraham lincoln memorable trait simple dignity inspired criticism homely gettysburg ago november hundred president lincoln stood battlefield gettysburg tragedy struck american president john kennedy assassinated grief swept country bill mauldin editorial cartoonist major newspaper turned lincoln memorial statue portray sorrow nation abraham lincoln bent mourning spoke american newspaper interview appeared days publication drawing bill mauldin explained personal expression professional editorial cartoonist bill mauldin tribute president kennedy full page sketch grieving abraham lincoln appeared page saturday editions received widespread acclaim fastest drawing mauldin news president assassination reached luncheon meeting
national parks havens peace wilderness park person free hustle bustle pressures conflicts restrictions noises workday discovered thronged national park close nature accommodate national park service needed change parks roads carved wilderness cabins lodges built parking areas cleared campsites set food stands souvenir shops rest stations laundry rooms information booths trailside museums sprouted deer antelope played terms making parks program huge success millions drive camp hike park trailers national parks conservationists concerned saving natural environment claim success disaster say popularity national parks leading destruction parks camping areas instant suburbs complete pollution crowding accidents crime conflict recently team scientists studied effects popular parks reported areas delicate interrelationship land water plants animals upset impact masses shrubs small plants trampled trails widened streams polluted animals move fires left smoldering litter piles
john asleep sat hunched rocky overhang partially shielded rain seen lightning struck head leaned sideways rock eyes closed john called rock shelter yards farther mountainside wife daughter refuge thunderstorm answer crawled wet scrambled took hold shoulders john cried shaking head lolled loosely shoulder eyelids parted slightly reveal slits sightless white picked held close arms legs dangled limply small form nostrils caught acrid odor scorched fabric standing helplessly downpour clutching john called wife mary quick shouted hiss rain trying betray panic started perfectly mary children john nell driven vacation spot southern maine white mountains hampshire started early morning plenty daylight climb anticipated hard mount choconua rhymes throw cone eastern edge white mountains rises feet sea level
boy started early look trap line took bread dried salmon eat trail boy joe wanted fishing indians choice grandfather joe joe expected don sammy jacob say son watch don fall cliff trail trap line cliff joe thought stupid admonition looked father sammy jacob making joke sammy face remained flat stone joe acted grandfathers wouldn mind joe told grandfathers jokes told stories gave grandsons cigarettes smoke joe talked ordered respect wasn ordering joe stomped silence worse joe carried gun joe bring rifle say gun joe missed able shot buck pointer joe put accident
ideally preparation baby physical material psychological begin soon doctor informs woman pregnant psychological preparation important physical preparation term effects mother relationship child mothers emphasize physical care obtaining layette baby overlook minimize importance making personal family adjustments baby born preparing baby arrival makes ready ahead baby arrive early important eliminates fatigue confusion caused minute preparations addition early preparation helps mother cope problems caring baby calmness confidence qualities essential baby adjustment mother body soon woman suspects pregnant doctor prenatal clinic call hospital ask doctor recommended doctor examination tests prove pregnant woman discuss practical matters want stay hospital type room private semiprivate ward feels afford fee inform carries hospital insurance
average american baby today measures birth approximately twenty twenty inches length weighs half pounds boys rule slightly longer heavier girls marked variations sex group greater variations weight length boys girls babies born prematurely weigh pounds babies born weigh twelve fourteen pounds proportionally baby body top heavy head baby fourth entire body length adult head seventh body length newborn baby practically neck shoulders narrow sloping abdomen large protruding especially feeding arms legs proportion rest body short scrawny hands feet ridiculously small toes fingers developed nails baby born month ahead scheduled baby bones cartilage gristle soft flexible muscles soft small uncontrolled legs developed arms skin soft coloring blotchy frequently baby chubby soft flabby fat covering body heavy growth fine textured hair head arms
matter small large family change arrival baby making easy anticipated gradually troublesome material preparations part mental adjustments behavior meet greater resistance reason slowly member family idea responsibilities shared believe born baby brings household true layette served baby adequate meet needs replacements renovation mental adjustments behavior family baby adjustment period begun early family ready welcome arrival baby problems course foreseen prepared major adjustment problems anticipated successfully met baby birth important solved easily arise advent baby family surprise children firstborn child accustomed child family difficult adjustment later born children child
babies accidents accidents minor bruises scratches leave temporary scars case burns broken bones leave permanent scars amputated limbs brain damage results blindness loss motor control mental deficiency lead death accidents frequent later partly baby protected harm partly helplessness makes impossible situations hurt days helplessness baby begins explore knowing potential dangers tackles arouses curiosity reported ten accidents babies result injury heads delicate brain tissue protected later fontanels close bones skull thicker harder baby accidents affect parts body consist scratches bruises cuts burns dislocations strains broken bones poisonings dog bites insect stings boys tend accidents girls age including babyhood
radical feeding babies occurred past twenty resulted conflict views parents older generation parents grandmother today heard say baby grew healthy person conflict views raised doubts minds parents methods ideas doubts reasons methods presented hopes justifying superiority older methods important facts constantly mind planning feeding baby nutritional content food elements essential growth baby digestion elimination freedom emotional tension food eaten properly assimilated baby body babies diet suited agree twelve hours delivery newborn baby put mother breast nourishment milk colostrum yellowish secretion breasts takes days milk begins flow mother breasts newborn baby receives scant nourishment loses ounces pound
days babies smothered layers undergarments blankets grandmothers say today babies catch death cold dressed modern heating american home partly responsible change partly responsible beliefs parents result modern medical knowledge believe baby lived abnormally hot environment mother body months born temperature womb mother body temperature approximately degrees course baby naked traditional belief dressing baby bundled blankets give feeling security lived limited confines womb american parents believed swaddling parents countries customary past bundle baby blankets indoors outdoors hospial days today babies wrapped blankets hospital nursery mother room nursing light blanket laid loosely bodies legs leave hospital today babies minimum restrictive clothing covering justification baby muscles develop
slow growth begins baby birthday continues childhood growth spurt puberty begins child adolescent course mean child grow growth internal external internal organs heart lungs digestive system turn rapid growth height weight increase slower rate growth slow need sleep food growth rapid result young child food sleep requirements proportion size body requirements baby active child greater course sleep food requirements result slow growth accompanies early childhood child energetic active wants running climbing jumping fact opportunity activity happens rainy days outdoors play restless bored fretful important aspect slow physical growth effect young child disposition suffer fatigue hunger baby growing rapidly young child cheerful happy
spite fact children follow predictable pattern growth variations age variations greater weight height unusual usual variations height inches taller shorter average children age variations ten pounds weight common children vary weight likely average ages average reason difference variations height weight weight subject environmental influences height parental concern slow growth leads forced feeding effect weight reason height controlled heredity environmental influences reverse true weight unfortunately young children today overweight point flabby fat obese twenty thirty percent heavier ages past obesity children adults blamed glands explained obese person glandular trouble implication overweight condition today scientifically proved fact cases obesity blamed glands result overeating especially overeating starches sweets
skill series movements involving coordination nerves muscles learned repeated practice skill learned body carry activities automatic machine manner conscious attention acts individual child born skills learned spite effort needed learn skills important child skills independent adult aid enable amuse rely important skills essential child socialization social contacts children mainly limited play child lacks skills needed play children find unwelcome member play group unquestionably valuable asset skills effect child personality child judges compares children things ride tricycle throw ball draw picture children adults admire feeling importance confidence hand clumsy awkward things agemates wth skill ease feel inferior early childhood called golden age acquiring skills ideal learn things
young children wear favorite clothes large wardrobe important clothing young children today requires ironing small wardrobe extra busy mother taking minutes wash child clothes hang drip dry child clean neat expenditure effort young children clothes sizes sizes child growth slow rate period garment slightly large bought adjusted fit child putting tucks shoulders waist taking hems dresses trousers child grows larger tucks hems let give child wear important advantages small wardrobe garment wears shabby wear replaced slightly larger size delights young child occasional garment replace matter liked young child spent playing sleeping important garments wardrobe play sleep
early childhood muscle coordination poor child growing curiosity lives makes constantly alert explore space move important child young children puppies kittens want romp play important space grow pride ownership matter small cramped family living quarters child infancy space set think room section room shared child feel addition wants place bathroom towel washcloth toothbrush found place table place eating place yard garden pleases wonder means young child place reason place feels secure feels recognized individual sense pride realization ownership addition young children gregarious want part group social development advanced able share
play activity engaged enjoyment child attitude activity determines play enjoys dusting sweeping room mother cleaning play hand chore assigned enjoyment activity essential element play child engages play activity amuses bored drops turns attention moment finds enjoyable interest activity begins lag drop middle half finished activities characteristic childhood play demonstrate unimportant end result compared enjoyment accompanies activity child reaches age expected undertakes seriously attitude end result important activity changed attitude reflected play activities healthy happy young child plays major part reason early childhood justifiably called playtime children healthy due poor nutrition play ample play
comforting reassuring fact child behavior learned means child learn behave manner adjustment easy pleasant readily learn behave difficult unpleasant child inexperienced behavior help hinder momentary satisfaction matters apparent establishing patterns behavior child needs guidance sure learn desirable patterns valuable guidance beginning learning start track start started wrong comforting behavior replaced behavior chinese proverb twig bent tree inclined true remember mistake believing child outgrow undesirable traits grows older matter fact undesirable traits desirable traits firmly established succeeding month child firmly set changing difficult task
discipline means punishment standard dictionaries define training control obedience education means training molds strengthens perfects fundamental purpose discipline teach child society expects motivate conform social expectations true discipline involve punishment punishment discipline educational aspect child trained obey paramount disciplining young children logical fair expect child obey knows expected discipline include separate distinct closely interrelated elements education form teaching child rewards form praise approval expected trying punishment intentional unintentional wrongdoing aspects discipline education rewards stressed early childhood childhood progresses child capable willfully misbehaving emphasis put punishment beginning radical considered ge discipline adults parents teachers cling traditional method disciplining children method based saying spare rod spoil child
days early childhood draw close comes child school school experience nursery school kindergarten grade elementary school law requires physically mentally normal children school child prepared experience young children going school means growing look forward eagerly grown known school children children older brothers sisters school morning leave especially eager join ranks school children want share experiences hear brothers sisters talk home going school exciting adventure terrifying depending child preparation studies children attitudes school revealed children enter school high hopes expectations children disillusioned school complete grade children learn dislike nursery school kindergarten frequent dislike elementary school reason break home school environment nursery school kindergarten grade
suppose ask persons meet tell single short phrase knows china chinese chances pretty wind series statements china big crowded place china poor chinese eat rice chinese things backward commonly held images china statements true yes wants meaningful understanding china soon discovers china big varied summed series liners illustrate let closer look statements population experts agree china populous country living borders single country knows fact china today estimates place china population million million guesses million high low china nation incomes living standards lower advanced industrial societies united states western europe japan chinese enjoy things family cars private telephones tv sets
imaginations china shaped large cat paws legs tucked body resting bed nails northeastern area known manchuria juts form cat head area called mongolia neck swayback cat rest china round plumpish body bed nails cat rests himalaya mountain range includes mount everest highest peak china biggest countries located entirely asia largest country soviet union canada larger united states slightly smaller pick china drop top mainland states united states piece china overlap canada northeast part southern china plop gulf mexico live greatly influences live china broad harsh landscape left deep imprints chinese habits attitudes china live view thousands rivers china overflowed banks brought fresh topsoil land bulk china farmers lived rivers
knows exactly china today lowest estimate china nearly quarter total human population put person living planet moment chinese china population increases million depending estimate words china adds population size york chicago los philadelphia detroit houston baltimore dallas thrown chinese originally modern scholars don agree ancient chinese legend hand doubt according chinese legend universe creation dwarflike creature called ku according legend ku hammer chisel carved sun moon stars earth heroic bit proved healthy ku legend tells ku grew feet taller passing steady chipping lot growing ku finally finished understandably collapsed exhaustion death head mountains blood rivers breath winds voice rolling thunder flesh soil bones rocks metals earth according versions ku myth human beings sprang fleas plagued poor ku
family basic social unit traditional china basic economic unit individual personal belongings wealth property owned jointly family members similarly family income shared members china thought wealth thing mind land river valleys wide plains china fertile region land land ownership mark measure success failure family chinese families land especially important land served family main source livelihood burial place family ancestors loss land economic blow spiritual disaster family pattern land chinese countryside found single farm sprawl hundreds acres isolated farmhouse nearest neighbor road crowded chinese countryside lived isolation farm families clustered houses villages hamlets protection save space land worked individual chinese farm family small family land didn solid chunk family strip land wedge rent piece farther unconnected
rebel leaders fought oust mongols china century successful chu yuan chang humble birth received smattering education chu military ability mongol hold broken named emperor ruling line ming meaning brilliant dynasty rule extremely harsh firmly established foundations dynasty hold china throne nearly beginning dynasty saw burst national vigor early ming emperors worked restore china past glories classical scholarship held high esteem examination system revived selecting scholar officials civil service renewed interest china literature arts ming capital chinese empire moved peking rebuilt include magnificant imperial city center imperial city residence emperor forbidden city complex palaces courtyards admired china greatest architectural gems ming dynasty china reached peak sea power large fleets chinese junks explored southeast asia crossed bay bengal ceylon india later voyages took chinese seafarers indian ocean persian gulf red sea east coast africa
sole ruler traditional chinese emperor thought possess mandate heaven enable maintain harmony earth looked subjects connection mankind immense universe emperor powerful equal domain vast couldn going rule chinese emperors didn care travel ventured capital direct authority emperor bear heavily lives daily affairs care family village council craft guilds bridge gap authority central government units local rule huge civil service created scholar official picture idea rule scholars began early han times developed officials selected merit high birth family connections merit case meant knowledge confucian classics candidates government jobs tested official examinations held regulary empire successfully passed examinations degrees
form valid judgment china today comparing united states today trying compare apples oranges assess china today contrast china revolution consider teng fu lives teng bosses commune huge farm community thousands acres hundreds families organized villages located hour drive city chengchow capital honan province teng commune produces food chengchow days revolution teng father farmer owned land rented mou mou equals sixth acre landlord paying crop rent family lived cramped hut worked hard grow food landlord took share left teng parents children schools children doctors sick help hungry tengs heard communists nearing village fled terror mountains harder soon word reached teng family communists thieves murders villagers claimed family returned village
portuguese sailors century named ilha formosa beautiful island chinese call taiwan meaning terraced fields leaf shaped island set miles mainland china coast regarded desirable piece property central mountain range snowcapped peaks runs length island leaving percent area suitable farming climate mild rainfall plentiful intensive cultivation taiwan farmers grow food feed island fast growing population taiwan densely populated places earth taiwan province chinese empire centuries japan peace settlement ending japanese war defeat japan war ii later taiwan returned chinese control taiwanese happy return chiang nationalists fled mainland taiwan suddenly found host million mainland refugees fleeing communists taiwan chiang nationalists regrouped shattered forces linked defense treaty supplied billion dollars military aid nationalists rebuilt army modern efficient fighting force chiang regime worked create showcase society contrast drabness mainland
republic china aggressive power determined expand boundaries impose china turn suspicious face nations mainly defensive reasons question answered simply real certainty subject communist china arouses strong emotions differing opinions china experts chinese affairs start understanding nature chinese communism requires look words term communism originated europe china foreign originated ideas china buddhism earlier instance communism practiced china distinctly chinese flavor hand leaders republic china zealous communists talk global communist revolution display missionary zeal spreading communism widely hand fiercely chinese share painful memories china past nation longer insulted nation mao tung stood want win china position strength leadership judge china communist leaders looking record actions stack words instance ask actions reflect communist revolutionary doctrine chinese nationalism
history shaped factors important geography geographical features influence country past predict extent future china outstanding part geography play country history china remains large country completely shaken centuries isolation place geographical factors acted barriers natural borders areas china travel seeing mountains fact cent land mile sea level north greater khingan lesser khingan mountains northwest altai mountains deserts sinkiang province mongolia west southwest highest rugged ranges himalayas pamirs tien shan mountains heaven mountains high rise feet area tibetan plateau elevation feet mountains branch ranges yield turn dense rain forests east china pacific coastline protected nature chinese add barrier hold foreign invasions wall built border china northern lands influence
climate kind weather place climate characterized rainfall country hot cold factors influence country climate closeness equator altitude sea level nearness bodies water existence absence ocean currents wind systems china variety climate influenced factors latitudinal spread degrees variations elevation enormous land mass addition snow covered sources major rivers effect mountains cut rain winds areas shore wind pattern major types climate mainland china tropical rain forest tropical savanna steppe semi arid desert humid subtropical humid continental hot summers type climate characterized heavy rainfall high temperatures air hot steamy damp humidity high wind bring relief healthful place live climate occurs low latitudes sides equator average annual temperature average annual rainfall totals inches temperature tropical rain forest regions range temperature slightly greater
plentiful rainfall south rice crop flourish north story average amount rainfall drops inches rains literally bring wheat millet soybeans produced support large population rains famine rains problems abnormally heavy severe floods result floods china worst directly affected flood created lake nearly miles wide miles distance greater round trip york city washington flooding dramatic condition drought major problem northern china government spend sums money preserve moisture soil irrigation terracing present rulers china methods ago floods drought problems winter cold dry air sweeps heartland continent dust storms blow land western deserts sinkiang area receives scanty rainfall cold winter weather population growth limited present government trying resettle build population help develop area order control flooding supply electricity cities large scale hydroelectric irrigation projects planned construction
china history tradition events crowded passage historian select important look short significant parents agree points birth entered school confirmation similar events points events musical ability date presidency club athletic team parents disagree importance writer history judgments important true field oriental american history decide history events past interpretation events historians argue things feel event took place affected human behavior history argue fact took place important historian interpret event show importance chiness dynasty ming dynasty important extent historian show important logical question events important problem arises discussing analyzing history china individual writers selected events greater importance experts
shangs overthrown chous governed beginning china iron age philosophers confucius mencius lao centuries chou dynasty warfare carried dynasty longest china history half times longer history period saw birth death china feudal age chou led king century moved limits yellow river conquered shang armies chous south yangtze valley traveled westward king divided conquered country relatives followers farming important part feudal type organization feudalism china similar feudalism western europe existed earlier china chou emperors gave land fiefs loyal subjects vassals support emperor held land force lords ruled district owed loyalty emperor lords grew powerful end period challenged emperor period kings fought challenges authority performed ritual functions real power hands individual lords princes
waldo dexter found book ordinary place hand shop wasn hand shop dingy hole wall canal street manhattan shop devoted chiefly hand luggage clothes dexter entered place high wind blown hat whisking sight dark alley waldo dexter watched hat vanish emotion accustomed losing things hats blew left umbrellas trains subways glasses frequently dropped broke small going bald eager glitter eye denoted keen hobbyist hobby collection books manuscripts devoted magic witchcraft prevent cold head cared looked caused dexter turn hand shop caps window intended buy cap skull warm cheap wouldn blow dexter practical spite hobby easy buy cap difficulty avoid buying half contents store waldo dexter suggestible shopkeeper persuasive
ago sick realized dreaming dream night night walking country distance white house low surrounded grove linden trees left house meadow bordered poplars pleasantly interrupted symmetry scene tips poplars swaying lindens dream drawn house walked white wooden gate closed entrance opened walked gracefully curving path path lined trees trees found spring flowers primroses periwinkles anemones faded moment picked end path steps house front house green expanse clipped english lawns bare single bed violet flowers encircling house built white stone slate roof door light oak door carved panels top flight steps wanted visit house answered called terribly disappointed rang shouted finally woke dream months coming precision fidelity finally thought surely seen park house child
story keeps suspense want reading finish don find happens want answers questions popping mind questions sure story end wait find feelings excitement curiosity uncertainty read stories authors create suspense let look methods method creating suspense introduce mysterious situation problem think examples sudden disappearance waldo dexter dexter dragon strange recurring dream house sir arthur conan doyle author adventures sherlock holmes expert creating mystifying situations reader red headed league instance wondered jabez wilson hired copy pages encyclopedia paid holmes solved mystery mysterious objects play key roles building suspense classic dried paw dead monkey famous horror tale monkey paw jacobs picture dragon dexter dragon introduced merely repulsive creature inset dusty volume dragon turned key mysterious disappearances style story written heightens suspense
age thirteen cheryl toussaint lot kids block brooklyn bored usual street games hot summer months cheryl friends track meet track found open meet try run fast block cheryl don enter friends suggested cheryl borrowed girlfriend jeans finished trials running hurt leg told field manager unable run finals friends teased afraid cheryl changed mind entered finals finished fourth girls outdistanced cheryl wore uniforms atoms track club written backs cheryl eyes dazzled uniforms girls track skills girl passed fine uniforms cheryl asked winning girls club pointed fred thompson founder manager coach atoms track club cheryl told interested joining club soon running atoms weeks rigorous training cheryl stopped going paid attention complaining coach ran ran acted saw
wondered manage reading leisure read newspaper evening magazines week read things short read supersonic speeds secret newspapers magazines books week able read fantastic rates speed special reading technique skimming fastest covering printed materials difference kind rapid reading reading word page obviously skim read skimming reading page technique skimming depends purpose reading skim looking bits information fact detail need foolish read word sentence paragraph skim find information want skimming kind reading materials textbooks newspapers purpose reading limited finding facts details book consulting index indexes skimming suppose wish order guitar catalogue price
kingdom thrace lived poet sweet singer orpheus father apollo lyre taught play wonder young music charmed enchanting orpheus plucked strings wild beasts gathered round grew tame drew trees rocks hillsides moved music rivers changed courses hear maidens loved orpheus loved eurydice married young bride wandered bridesmaids meadow serpent bit ankle fell lifeless ground describe grief orpheus night wept lost wife tears brought ease spirit heart grew heavier lighter determined mortal dared love descend underworld beg pluto restore eurydice orpheus knew deep cavern led earth means river styx orpheus pluto ferryman charon answered bark shades dead heavy dare orpheus struck lyre ferryman yielded
linda started talking march don fifteen boy thirteen sister nature meant teen age brothers sisters born separate telephones islands anyway squabbles talk seriously mood thing didn want block island summer vacation case turn block island beautiful spot fifteen miles coast rhode island quaint picturesque overrun cars tourists summer looks postcards parents love cottage born missed summer learned swim sail wouldn growing block island decided didn want summer vacation parents told knew hard linda unanimously elected official newsbreaker big brother agreed condition maybe daniel lion den lions teeth appetites parents words feelings sound bit casual bit flip maybe easier control re grinning don idea playing laughs
moving pad spanish harlem street lex park avenue moving block big jump harlem kid re torn hard won turf brought don block kid kind enemy block belongs outsider prove heart moving van rolled stop front building number standing waiting momma poppa sis paulie james jose didn notice cats looking especially gang age read faces found trust plenty suspicion glint rising hate cats don mean nothin re nosy remembered happened block ended hospital tough looking block cool turf tough tough voice hope tough tough mucho corazon king live live punk die walk bad cool breeze smooth mind raced thoughts crashed trying reassemble pattern rep
dennis smith york city fireman york bravest writers newspaper editorials call part engine company firehouse intervale avenue street ghetto called south bronx biggest ghettos york city toughest companies working firehouse intervale avenue engine engine hose district ladder company tactical control unit rescue ladder ax hard describe typical fireman let tell remember afternoon walk firehouse report duty firehouse empty walk upstairs locker room change clothes left side sweat shirt inch maltese cross engine printed circle cross ladder engine backing quarters engine ladder chief company journal check entered house watchman officially duty rack apparatus floor rubber coat boots helmet
look sky starry night lots twinkling points light moon planets stars sun star sun large sky brighter hotter stars guessed reason sun closest star million miles million kilometers star tiny speck sky re close big stars sun huge especially big stars diameter miles million kilometers average largest star known times larger sun diameter billion miles billion kilometers hard imagine large sun think sun foot monster star feet stars big sun look small trillions trillions trillions miles space telescope instrument makes things closer look points light astronomers scientists investigate stars found lot facts strange distant objects
stars energy shine brightly greater energy tear shreds explain need materials stars happens materials inside stars things universe stars basic materials called elements elements materials kind atom atoms smallest wholes material exist similar small wholes wholes parts wholes parts appendix tells elements atoms parts atoms materials stars lightest element hydrogen helium carbon stars tiny traces elements kinds amounts elements star depends group stars belongs gravitation attracts masses hydrogen gas star temperature deep inside star goes millions degrees atoms hydrogen combine process called fusion fusion hydrogen atoms combine atom helium kind gas atoms lose small amount material fusions tremendous amount energy started fusion keeps going giving continual radiations stars fusion going sun
remember hot bright things light bulbs stars pour floods radiations guitar string moves vibrates pluck vibrations string vibrations air hear sounds atoms stars galaxies vibrate faster energy released fusion heat radiations light radio waves radiations sound vibrations atomic energy radiations electric current wire magnetic acting magnets radiations called electromagnetic radiations kinds energy radiated stars galaxies electromagnetic experiment moving hand energy radiations form waves chain observe amount energy distance hand moves speed vibration fast hand moves waves chain waves model energy radiations stars galaxies put equipment experiment paper pad shown figure place pad flat table desk spring clip side free end chain waves paper ball chain sure eyelet end chain free move paperclip
enjoyed looking moon wondering written songs poems moon ancient thought human beings living moon imagined strange moon fearsome beasts moon bright continents dark seas moon imagined bright dark regions moon face looked earth soon telescopes invented astronomers began map moon discovered squares triangles thought cities saw straight line named straight wall arrow telescope photograph points straight line miles kilometers reminded wall china intelligent beings built straight wall moon believed nature straight lines exist mathematics scientists began argue straight wall moon air things live build city squares straight walls modern times course astronomers believe built straight wall argued actually recently satellite earth orbit moon lunar orbiter took photographs miles kilometers moon surface look photograph straight wall
lying spacesuit command cabin top huge rocket countdown comes earphones space helmet watching instruments read grip sides couch oxygen pumps scream higher higher comes shattering rumble shakes couch rocket engines fire rocket shudders shakes gently lifted elevator companions rocket tilts course pressed harder harder couch rocket nose sway plunges faster air currents air pressure needle drops rapidly goes moment needle rests engine drops thud orbit streamlined covering command cabin falls night side earth space black spotted stars takes minutes weightlessness let pencil pad stay front astronauts working section america space observatory month spacecraft astronauts brought space shuttle joined observatory bigger return earth shuttle
cut trunk tree slice apple rings tree parts apple looks slice cut magnetic field sprinkling iron filings cardboard magentic field look find making model earth magnetic field enclose bar magnet ball modeling clay dough stands earth track magnet clay dough place ball table magnet upright poles pointing straight cut circle piece cardboard ball equator shown figure sprinkle iron powder filings model earth continue gently lines beginning build poles top half ball notebook draw lines force color pencil pen color extend lines imagine ball including pole bottom half scientists need imagination fill gaps observations compass instrument tells magnetic fields needle compass points lines force earth leading north south magnetic poles
cyclones eddies winds blow center low atmospheric pressure rotate counterclockwise northern hemisphere clockwise southern hemisphere warm cold air meet front storms produced storms mild light winds heavy rains violent violent storm nearly experienced thunderstorm thunderstorms local weather disturbances strong convection currents rise rapidly heights water vapor cloud carried upward condenses freezes quickly lightning strokes zip cloud cloud cloud earth heated lightning air explodes bursts thunder columns rain hail pour earth nowadays radar photographs figure spot heavy rainstorms thunderstorms miles weathermen warn storm coming kind local storm tornado violently spinning column air hanging thunder cloud funnel shaped columns tornadoes winds whirling miles hour currents air stream upwards miles hour waterspouts tornadoes form bodies water types tornado shown figure violent storms form equator
sediment piled changed sedimentary rock things happen records events stay pressed rock millions tell rock water rock shallow water moving sediment leave ripple marks part rock eventually forms ripple marks sediment rock shown figure suppose soggy sediment begins dry mud cracks form mud dries locked rock hardens figure shows mud cracks recorded history conditions sediment building change greatly entirely kind sediment added kind flood dump large particles top smaller sediment color added result pile rocks easy layers sedimentary rocks layers break flat pieces figure shows layers sediment figure shows layers rock formed sediment cases outlines plants animals part cemented rock records sort fossils pieces plant animal dissolved rock replaced minerals figure empty space shape plant animal left show
unexpected violent explosions japan iceland threw dust air morning light hour later usual explosion philippines java filled air amounts dust total darkness days miles dust blocked energy coming sun earth lower average temperatures earth entire called summer pompeii city italy completely buried volcanic pebbles ash surprise explosions thousands choked death poison gases fine dust famous natural explosions happened island krakatoa sumatra part island blown map explosion caused giant wave flood island drowning noise heard miles barometers recorded change air pressure caused sound waves explosions part rock building process hot melted minerals reached surface earth cool harden rock construction jobs bring noise dust opening melted minerals reach earth surface force called volcano
suppose wants save money digging cellar house reason trusty shovel job plan looks paper shovel hold quarts damp soil pounds heavy cellar feet feet wide feet deep means moving cubic feet soil cubic foot soil weighs pounds total amount dirt comes pounds tons mere shovelfuls care job suppose hero steady rate shovelful seconds hole deep sides works night breaks food water sleep hours straight days saturday sunday monday tuesday wednesday eat sleep give half hours meals hours sleep recover digging job stretches wednesday thursday friday saturday cement cellar floor takes week deliver order starts boast accomplishment authority amount energy takes move tons soil
trace water erosion say rain starts claps thunder flashes lightning downpour comes water rolls land foot washed simple figure table data rainstorm shows amount rain fell period table shows water flowing stream period stream dries rainstorms plot data separate lines graph need help graphing appendix line color result easier understand put water horizontal axis graph vertical axis stream swell didn stream carry water storm brought limits amount water carrying land important thing affects water carry land climate rain mean streams areas plenty rain water begin carry land surface runoff water runs surface land soil hard tightly packed water runs surface easily
earth science class ended period spent messy experiment answer question sediment sorted separate layers sand clay reaches sea kim dixie making mad dash lockers rid books lunch dumb questions dixie piled books locker edleman going give answer look question sweater water sand kim assured give water steel bottle find spill dixie slammed locker shut stood brushing clothes hand don dropping sand tube water asked brick throwing bit edleman target thrown farther raincoat earth science class dixie kim reply let lunch chose table roberta earth science classmate joined shortly usual double lunch hanging sides tray hi bobbi maybe help dixie edleman brick bit roberta adjusted chair began eat
living thing special code molecules cells molecules hold plans making kind living thing code molecules change change molecule organism parents change code molecule called mutation figure shows organisms mutations mutations harder cells organisms survive normal conditions mutation corn plant result reproduction plants chlorophyll plants food die disease keeps human blood clotting resulted mutation person disease bleed death small cut doctor mutation help organism survive easily series mutations result kind zebra detect outrun lions mutation sort formed kind wheat plant shorter wheat plants short plants likely broken rain hail mutations living conditions change mutations caused flies hurt ddt mutations caused kinds germs killed medicines penicillin flies germs mutations lived mutations mutations harmful
exciting arrival thick clouds covered sky excavation site today moved light star planet orbits planets orbit star clouds opened temperature dropped degrees hours records show temperature drops million clouds didn open relief able cut flow coolant suits trip traced history planet birth longer supported intelligent period billion information fragments capsules told stone ages bronze ages iron ages ice ages dark ages age reason space age written record ended space age record begin started search disintegrating large stony slab part building beneath found scientist dream thousands objects samples material called paper saved words bob grocery lettered piece samples brought ship containers material called plastic
asked custodian forget clean classroom end section imagined happen things happen plan mess bother mess encourage add mess mess problems mess spread areas building mixed taking equilibrium upset happen custodian forgot clean classroom weeks cooperation school custodian lived middle pollution seen unexpected things happen environment pollution worse pollution caused unexpected things happen past living caesar rome poisoned knowing added lead salts cosmetics believed lead cosmetics lined cooking pots wine jars lead lead things taste lined rainwater collectors lead easy bend shape slowly roman leaders rich afford expensive lead died lead poisoning scientists say lead poisoning helped fall rome romans known lead pollution history today air pollution starting change environment
poem runaway tells frightened colt seen frightened animal write paper telling tell frightened animal describe animal looked showed fear tell think felt remember seeing frightened animal teacher want tell frightened person remember taught writing papers put title beginning capitalize word title words words indent line paragraph beginning inch farther lines leave ample margins sides paper top bottom begin sentence capital letter end period question mark english sentences kinds words groups words ways call kinds words word groups structures call ways functions familiar number structures functions main structures sentence noun phrase verb phrase noun phrase functions subject sentence verb phrase functions predicate
peary eskimos matthew henson skillful technique swift arctic travel faced hazards set april stage polar journey twenty hour gale spring open wide impassable leads ice dangerously delaying dangerous imminent approach full moon spring tides peary feared stir ice fields restlessness create network water leads path open thinly deceptively coated ice strength gauged nicety dogs sledges plunge deep icy water climbed pressure ridge snowhouse looked north swept sudden surge excitement felt wrote keenest exhilaration exultation climbed pressure ridge breasted keen air sweeping mighty ice pure straight pole fine marching morning clear sunlit temperature minus wind past days subsided gentle breeze going leaving land floes large hard level patches sapphire blue ice pools preceding summer
soon boys appeared eighteen cafe jerry benedict knew going trouble cafe small dingy roadside place looked especially promising low roofed conventionally clapboarded neon lighted set sea gravel stood outskirts town called hazelton southern illinois reason jerry fran stopped outskirts sort chance driven rest town passed doubt eating places center getting late mile mile consciousness motorist develops thought turning short distance knew town map place called newkirk forty miles anyway stopped heading half dozen cars parked haphazardly entrance climbed stiffly jerry remembered afterward gratefully debated locking car decided wouldn lock home argued bet honest yorktown favorite thesis voiced times dinner tables past confidence honesty localized product neighborliness diminished farther home grounds
forest mixed growth eastern spurs carpathians stood winter night watching listening waited beast woods range vision later rifle game presence keen outlook figured sportsman calendar lawful proper chase urlich von gradwitz patrolled dark forest quest human enemy forest lands gradwitz wide extent stocked game narrow strip precipitous woodland lay outskirts remarkable game harbored shooting afforded jealously guarded owner territoral possessions famous lawsuit days grandfather wrested illegal possession neighboring family petty landowners dispossessed party acquiesced judgment courts series poaching affrays similar scandals embittered relationships families generations neighbors feud grown personal ulrich head family detested wished ill georg znaeym inheritor quarrel tireless game snatcher raider disputed border forest feud died compromised personal ill stood
easy story road tender casual feet meadows let warn hard soul sunless eyes inception catastrophe end act incredible violence tells barely blind deaf dumb lived puritan sea towns strain austere moribund act unbelievable town longer puritan yankee betrayed outpost portuguese islands blind cobbler portuguese st michael western islands boaz negro happy unquenchable exuberance lived arose morning vast uncontrollable gestures stout arms shop singing voice strong deep chest emanated rolled doorway street fishermen morning lounging smoking wharves boaz sit shop town cobbler shop club sees interior dimly thronged sit benches watching artisan hours talk
important senses think comes senses examples getting information senses seeing hearing tasting smelling feeling look eyes help things close eyes listen carefully ears help hear things nose helps smell things eat tongue helps taste food mouth touches able feel touched nerves skin nerves skin warn hot senses duty sleep hear thunder smell cooking kitchen finding senses hear smell taste feel think wonder imagine thinking wondering imagining senses person things senses senses think wonder imagine course term includes scientists scientists main difference scientists observe
observations important scientists fact observations important scientists instruments aid senses instruments extend senses senses fooled detect observations detected senses limits person senses instruments change limits telescope helps person farther microscope helps person tiny objects instruments help senses fooled thermometer find temperature thermometer fooled going hot water cold water sense touch investigate page instruments detect things human senses detect surrounded radio waves detect senses instrument called radio receiver simply radio detect waves instruments big help scientists remember instruments help observations instruments explain observed explain inferences observe making observations explanations inferences important parts scientists careful observations part job fact observing part job observations greater care jobs job air traffic controller requires careful observations
units measure finding times unit fit measuring girl picture centimetres inches tall centimetre inch units end end equal distance distance ground top head put unit amounts end end measure distance wanted find room ruler lay ruler mark end move ruler continue marking moving ruler room ruler lengths fit length room course measuring bothersome easier tape measure tape measure units marked measure ruler tape measure thing finding unit lengths fit length measuring measuring amounts length idea runner finishes race seconds timer watch measure timer seeing seconds fit takes runner finish race
looking place mine iron look iron dark gray metal occur pure iron earth rocks lot iron properties help identify iron rocks turn rusty exposed air remain black color feel unusually heavy knowing properties rocks minerals important jobs finding places obtain materials iron aluminum gold oil gemstones properties material looking properties kinds rock material found oil found beneath kinds rock finding rocks mean oil cut polish gemstones jewelry properties gemstones shatter warm break cut directions hard diamond powder grind shape properties materials laboratories testing identifying minerals send kinds minerals testing minerals laboratory workers find material known kinds matter
number electrons kind atom hydrogen atom electron oxygen atom electrons atoms electrons moving rapidly nucleus size nucleus small compared size atom fact nucleus size basketball atom twelve blocks center nucleus scientists agree space nucleus atom empty space empty thought part atom atom shape scientists believe electrons constantly moving space nucleus fact electrons moving fast space electron cloud term electron cloud refer space filled electrons space electrons move hydrogen atom electron electron cloud electron moves rapidly fills space studying matter scientists found kind atom number protons number protons atom called atomic number atom atoms element found earth atomic numbers ranging hydrogen atoms ninety uranium atoms
words heat temperature talk heating food heating home talk temperature home outdoors words heat temperature mean scientists move lift push pull move able energy scientists think energy ability seen steam pushing lid pot pushing lid steam steam able hot words heat steam heat form energy temperature heat temperature related heat matter gains heat temperature rises matter loses heat temperature falls change amount heat matter change temperature temperature amount heat present matter higher temperature piece matter heat piece matter heat measured measuring temperature temperature measured units called degrees instrument measure temperature thermometer thermometers shown figure thermometers glass tube filled liquid
magnet held steel paper clips move magnet causing force makes paper clips move magnet paper clips form energy magnetic energy magnetic energy kind energy force pull things kind electric energy washed hair dried try comb hold comb small pieces paper paper pieces suddenly jump stick comb pieces begin jump comb happen hair rubbing comb builds electricity comb electricity paper paper moves electric energy comb paper show kind electric energy kind electric energy found electricity flows wire magnetic energy electric energy closely related magnets electricity flow wires electricity kinds metals magnets watched burn matter burns kinds matter ashes gases water called chemical energy stored matter burned heat light
suppose wanted move book lying table ways push book tie string book pull lifting book move think ways move book matter book moved kind push pull force act book move friction things book table rub friction force tends book moving book move force acting book greater forces keeping book moving forces acting book unbalanced ago sir isaac newton wrote ideas motion ideas explaining motion today called laws motion reading laws help gain understanding things move ways law motion deals force needed change motion object law states object rest moving tends stay rest object moving tends moving
enjoy sport called skydiving sport jump plane hundreds metres ground fall minute opening parachute skydivers accelerating fall speed metres miles hour end minute speed reached falling ten seconds terminal speed metres miles hour reached skydivers reach terminal speed longer accelerate fall fall constant speed skydivers fall faster metres reason air air force act skydivers force called air resistance held hand window moving car felt force caused air moving object tried speeds noticed faster car harder air push hand pushed hand direction opposite direction moving faster skydivers fall greater air resistance point fall skydivers air resistance balances force gravity point skydivers longer speed
magnets called permanent magnets permanent magnets lose magnetic properties period pieces iron losing magnetic properties change magnet visible brings question magnet piece iron magnetic properties answer question model magnets suggested model suggests piece iron thought small magnets piece iron strong magnet small magnets lined north poles pointed direction piece iron magnetic properties small magnets lined special read earlier iron pipe magnetized hitting hammer pipe pointing north south model explain according model hitting small magnets line magnetic lines force earth magnetic field small magnets line stronger magnetism pipe pipe hit points east west loses magnetism small magnets knocked line line iron pipe crossing earth magnetic lines force
study electricity chemicals interesting beginning started frogs italian biologist luigi galvani studying muscles frogs muscles studied hanging hind legs freshly killed frogs copper hooks copper hooks put iron rod legs frogs moved legs alive galvani knew electric charges muscles move thought hanging frog legs metal hooks let electricity inside frog legs letting electricity caused legs move galvani thought discovered kind electricity called animal electricity later learned frog legs copper hooks copper rod legs move metals touch frog legs order let animal electricity scientist alessandro volta agree galvani volta believe thing animal electricity volta showed frog legs needed electricity metals salt water needed electricity electricity formed metals touched electricity called contact electricity idea chemical cell device electricity flow period
wondered electric wires home covered insulation reason person touching uncovered wire shock shock felt electricity goes person shocked touched electric appliance radio taking bath electric appliance connected wiring home electricity wiring touch appliance wet electricity flow wet hand body water pipes ground shocked dangerous course electric shocks dangerous shocked times remember walking rug getting shock touched metal object kind shock surprised certainly dangerous lot electricity flows body shock dangerous danger strong electric shock person muscles tight shock strong muscles tight person control able move electricity causing shock electricity stop beating person heart shocked reason wires carry electricity covered insulation
engineering changing scientific discoveries technology putting science making things providing services person puts science called engineer difference scientists engineers scientists engineers help difference clear november powerful rockets launched spacecraft mariner earth rockets soon speed reach thousands kilometres hour mariner moved earth radar track days months launch mariner guided close planet venus february television cameras pictures earth bending venus mariner moved planet mercury march spacecraft close mercury cameras took pictures earth pictures mercury telescopes earth close earth flight mariner ways mariner spacecraft gravity planet venus bend course planet mercury television cameras allowed scientists close look mercury
bill snyder arrived harris equipment company desk engineering section began looking plans working machine idea improving machine principle sewing machine bobbin bill wife joanne mentioned bobbin sewing machine working properly bill knew sewing machine worked fixed ago knew bobbin device sewing machine thread wound knew thread spool bobbin released thread spool thread top machine released thinking bobbin released thread idea improving plans machine bill worked hard plans machine gome bill felt ideas approved company happy mean raise salary home thought simple device bobbin wondered person thought bobbin understanding planning principle bobbin
satellites satellites objects travel object moon natural satellite earth takes month moon travel earth satellites natural satellites artificial satellites satellites traveling earth path satellite follows travels called orbit depending characteristics orbit artificial satellite remain orbit amount orbit satellite high earth speed satellite stay orbit hundreds imagine tall mountain earth imagine objects shot horizontally top mountain objects shot speeds path objects paths speed satellites objects fall earth speed object path speed object falls path matches curvature earth object falls hit earth object satellite round orbit object path greater speed path result satellite oval shaped orbit
largest bodies land called continents look globe map atlas find large landmasses say continents divide largest landmass continents europe asia continents continent live continent south pole north pole continents call landforms earth earth variety surface features call surface features landforms important landforms plains plateaus hills mountains plains smooth level lowlands live plains flat land plain ideal farming easy build cities roads railroads factories flat lands look atlas graphic relief map united states states plains utah texas indiana west virginia plateaus flat plains higher altitude plains likely steep sided river valleys deep canyons travel difficult plateaus rainfall farmers find difficult raise crops plateau lands living grazing animals plateaus sparsely populated means live
climate kind weather region period sunshine winds precipitation temperature tell climate region precipitation amount moisture contained rain snow hail sleet fall look diagram solar system page shows sun bodies revolve larger bodies revolve sun called planets earth planets solar system names planets sun center solar system big million earths fit inside sun important heat light needed living things sun heat light plants grow nearly planet look closely diagram solar system find mercury fairly close sun surface mercury facing sun hot think plants grow high temperatures find pluto pluto sun sun cold pluto temperature low plants grow low temperatures find earth million miles million km sun distance heat sun support
rough stone house island iceland group gathered open fireplace tongues flame roaring fire lighted walls hung shields horned helmets heavy fur capes bearded weather beaten faces appeared faded darkness shadows chased room spoke listened eyes glowed excitement pride speaker reciting poem tale viking called eric red son leif ago storyteller iceland settled fathers norway dragon ships sailed miles norway iceland rowed mightiest waves raised sails roughest winds fought terrible monsters sea eric red boldest vikings lived iceland temper power sword love adventure wide sea island eric quarreled neighbors anger fierce drew sword started bloody battle act banished iceland eric decided east norway heard stories land waters west crew friends left iceland headed west unknown land
lived southeast colonial times earned living farming today earn living farms coastal plain piedmont mountain valleys southeast soil plenty rainfall warm climate important natural resources southeastern states farmers region resources mountain region live valley floors soil rich farms small located tiny valleys transportation carry products market farmers small farms raise crops livestock crops corn vegetables raised eaten farm pigs chickens cow provide meat dairy products family tobacco raised sold cash crop appalachian farms located large valleys highways railroads built carry farm products market appalachian mountains virginia valley called shenandoah valley famous apple growing regions united states lovely orchards spread valley floor orchards cover lower slopes mountains valley fairyland beauty spring millions apple trees burst bloom piedmont rolling country hills
small english cottage young sat fireplace shook head wearily don longer stand live elizabeth hide barns secret places order worship god wish john asked elizabeth wife hear king broke prayer meeting sunday friends put jail john elizabeth friends lived england ago want worship church england strong ideas god costly churches rich robes worn ministers believe fancy church services believed church england simple services plain churches wanted purify church england john elizabeth friends called puritans king change church england puritans began hold secret meetings homes barns king officers tried break services puritan leaders jail think king change let worship asked elizabeth think answered john stubborn insist worship commands
settlements started indians driven land england easier colonists homes villages pleasant places sunday important week began prepare saturday afternoon clock stopped sunday drummer called worship listened sermons hours boys girls enjoyed singing hymns found difficult sit hard wooden benches sermon puritan leaders believed taught read bible soon started schools pupils taught reading writing arithmetic books scarce england primer contained prayers spelling lessons wise sayings questions bible villagers met discuss problems laws needed colony town meetings voter community suggestions part discussions problems solved majority vote colonists decided taxes needed tax money building schools roads bridges elected officials saw decisions town meetings carried town meetings gave colonists deal experience governing democratic
war independence states began quarrel agree boundaries states argued owned lands west appalachian mountains decide pay cost war independence fierce arguments times looked states break nations want happen remembered john paul jones words begun fight remembered hardships valley forge remembered fighting side side north south west won freedom build strong united nation representatives states met philadelphia famous meeting called constitutional convention representatives met discuss rules states strong united nation george washington left mount vernon serve country chosen president convention representatives soon decided throw rules continental congress set rules nation week week months discussed ideas planned convention finished written set rules nation governed
late december evening bright stars shone sky small valley western north carolina brisk wind blew mountains light snow fallen drifted small clearing forest pioneer cabin located inside cabin sat warm glow stone fireplace rough table split logs spoke low voices want disturb children sleeping side room younger daniel boone age thirty known wilderness frontier cabin fur trader traveled country west mountains called western land kaintuck talked experiences daniel listened intently tell dan seen place land gently rolling green meadows forests soil rich deer beaver panthers wildcats geese duck thicker fleas hound dog wild turkeys fly cooking pot daniel laughed quietly trail leads country kaintuck asked trail leads break mountains friend answered spring show
midwest produces minerals map page help discover names minerals found minnesota valuable iron ore deposits northern part mines opened ago open pit mines mines holes dug surface earth open pit mine feet meters deep mile km wide miles km iron ore ground covered thick layer dirt rock layer removed actual mining begin dirt huge power driven shovels dig crumbly iron ore shovels carry load load ore pits railroad cars standing nearby line cars filled cars attached locomotive trains ore boats waiting nearby ports lakes boats ore steel mills located lakes ports today mine owners ideas ore mines high grade ore large deposits taconite hard rock iron ore difficult crush taconite iron ore
plains form western part interior plains studied parts plains units home plains indians indians herds buffalo roamed flat dry land homes plains indians called tepees tepees buffalo hides stretched poles easy tepees pack move camping site indians buffalo skins sleeping robes moccasins leggings shirts dresses buffalo meat main food indians horns spoons ornaments sinews bowstrings thread hooves glue early spanish explorers region brought horses herds cattle sheep cattle horses escaped herds began roam wild plains wild horses caught tamed plains indians indians soon started horses hunt buffalo horses fighting enemy tribes settlers soldiers took lands killed buffalo settlers soldiers government agents drove region indians land living area farmers ranchers cattle grazed large ranches plains changed indians buffalo hunting grounds cattle country
west rockies high land called intermountain region plateaus basin lands found part country top cross section diagram page shows part plateau plateau high flat land look diagram carefully find basin middle basin lower land look map study pages beginning unit review reasons lakes basin salt remember biggest saltwater lake region located utah largest saltwater lake north america outlet ocean remember unit coronado spaniard mexico large expedition visit southern part region searching gold found indian villages mud houses called pueblos coronado treated indians harshly claimed land spain pueblos consisted large flat topped buildings apartment houses today walls sun dried bricks plastered clay type building material called adobe early days houses entered holes roof pueblos built high cliff ledges protection ladders leading pueblo pulled pueblo fort
indians living northwest similar california indians northwest tribes settled fished farmed hunted small animals live tribes bannock paiute nez perce rich beautiful country happy eastern sea captains stopped coast reported area rich furs lewis clark expedition reported thing john jacob astor york wealthy fur trader read reports decided establish trading post area fort built mouth columbia river called astoria white interested oregon fur traders settlers began coming east happened country happened oregon nez perce raised fine livestock northeast part gold found peacefully refused moved reservation idaho chief joseph think creator dispose fit thought creator induced think dispose president ulysses grant tribe permission stay army move idaho
united states acres ha cultivated land person mexico acres ha person mexico mountainous grow crops northern part country dry indians mestizos small villages follow ways ancestors farming methods result harvests poor mexican farms produce corn acre farms united states million indians live mexico learned speak spanish speak indian languages ancestors makes difficult part nation share benefits ideas ways mexico population increasing rapidly country needs schools hospitals highways power plants dams provide water additional farmland houses cities water systems factories learned things cost money build mexico rich land capital build schools highways dams hospitals water systems factories needed ways leaders working solve problems going trip mexico
desert coastal plain runs full length peru places miles km wide places mountains reach sea rivers flow andes dry coastal plain spanish indians built irrigation systems river valleys grew cotton food crops today irrigated river valleys produce peru valuable agricultural exports cotton sugar pizarro conquered peru built capital city coastal plain miles km sea named city kings skilled european workers brought city plan direct building beautiful cathedral palaces homes university city called lima latin american cities lima changing place modern buildings tower colonial structures streets filled traffic automobiles buses lima factories produce textiles clothing chemicals drugs cement paper food products handicraft industries turn silverwork wood carvings fine textiles lima residents enjoy playing tennis swimming pacific going movies hollywood spanish dubbed saying howdy pardner cowboys say hola compadre watch soccer games bullfight cockfight part fiestas beauty activity lima ugly side cities latin america parts terrible slums
western brazil large rocky mountain states highland region soil plenty rainfall endless stretches grassland region west ago live region poor homes schools doctors area miles railroads paved highways impossible ship grain farm crops western brazil large cities east thousands cattle roam grassy plains western brazil cowboys round cattle drive farms coastal cities fattened locate brasilia capital brazil built highlands western brazil hope encourage settlers move empty region capital rio de coast eastern brazil mile wide kilometer wide strip land atlantic coast consists narrow coastal plain backed mountains plains brazilian highlands region brazil productive land usable forests richest iron mines region brazil built highways rail lines hydroelectric power plants cities ten brazilians live eastern brazil find city san paulo
book individuals groups discussed live eastern hemisphere lived past book eastern hemisphere purpose book teach facts groups teach method learning group book intended provide answers lot questions try provide questions ask studying group pretty basic needs food shelter clothing wants basic needs express call spirit live physical environments reason differences groups ways fact live physical environments face problems begin study group studying physical environment solve problems resources meeting basic needs basic needs satisfied wants develop greater demand resources interesting part study ways found obtain resources physical environments meeting needs wants
physical environment effect live affect basic needs affect ability meet needs say basic needs food shelter clothing needs exactly affected physical environment cold climate create need warm clothing warm houses live warm climates wear clothing build simple shelters think ways environment affect basic needs important question ask studying physical environment environment provide resources required meet basic needs environment affect ability meet needs providing resources failing provide natural vegetation important resource natural vegetation kinds trees plants grow place kinds natural vegetation grow plants plant products food provide homes animals hunted wood materials building homes climate permit plants grow difficult meet needs environment think ways physical environment affect ability meet basic needs
middle kalahari desert stands group thorn trees trees ten huts branches grass huts open front backs turned wind desert camp home bushmen members family group group includes fathers mothers sons daughters brothers sisters grandmothers grandfathers aunts uncles cousins group related number bags animal skin hanging trees holds belongings family bushman family owns members carry backs huts lie ostrich eggshells carrying storing water nearest waterhole miles finds ostrich nest takes egg ostrich return nest lay empties eggshell making hole end pouring contents shell filled water hole plugged chewed grass water running middle camp quiet young boys standing holds small bow arrow aims carefully beetle crossing ground front
eastern coast mediterranean south phoenicia lived hebrews father hebrew abraham according bible lived ur sumerian city family left sumer traveled westward land canaan lived nomads wandering herds early history hebrews scarcity food forced leave canaan move land egypt lived happily pharaoh turned hebrews slaves finally leader named moses able pharaoh set hebrews free moses led hebrew egypt book exodus bible describes event exodus means going exodus took place hebrews wandered wilderness egypt canaan bible says desert sinai peninsula moses received god ten commandments commandments basis hebrew law finally wanderers reached canaan believed found land god promised early promised land began place hebrew hebrews proud freedom nomadic cared owning property herds flocks gave living
greece land mountains chain mountains runs center peninsula separating eastern part land west cross country ridges divide north south places mountains march sea dividing shoreline small valleys coastal plains thousands inlets bays cut coast greece hundreds islands lie scattered offshore aegean mediterranean seas stony soil steep hillsides greece raising grain grapevines olive trees grow bays offshore islands aid seagoing vessels fishermen early history greeks began trading products lands ships left harbors greece loaded olive oil wine dried fish returned carrying wheat grown northern coast black sea southern italy southern coast mediterranean greeks soon established colonies shores colonies served sources foreign goods markets greek gods pericles golden age athens carrying trade mediterranean piraeus miles athens coast served city port wharves piraeus summer sailing season tall jars olive oil honey large blocks marble seen
caesar adopted son octavian popular rome winner civil wars held power octavian rome emperor title high authority greater king senate gave title augustus meant ordinary divine gods desire worshiped feared julius caesar augustus died worshiped parts empire augustus held absolute power senate continued meet days republic augustus sure senators approve actions augustus things rome appointed honest hardworking public office chose basis ability social class slave win freedom business government service emperor worked bring peace empire forgave fought civil wars cut size rome armies half commander chief prevented generals provinces raising armies powerful augustus fortune help settle retired soldiers small farms provinces provided grain poor low prices give jobless started program build roads aqueducts bringing water city grand buildings
century weaknesses roman catholic church conduct members clergy interested worldly possessions religion humanist writers erasmus criticized orders monks sworn poverty declared church property reformers wanted ceremonies part church ritual read translations bible found jesus mention practices wanted return simplicity early christianity felt teachings bible important authority church ceremony services reformers believed saved sin simply believing christ aid priests martin luther born son german peasants brought roman catholic church soon graduation university decided monk entered monastery luther worked hard calling especially studying bible sentence written apostle paul impression lives faith luther thought convinced power faith believed faith god mercy grace salvation
days week john austen motorcycle rides miles half million londoners john works city small area close heart london city square mile size business center london main offices london banking houses large insurance companies brokerage houses offices arrange sale purchases shares stock shares stock represent shares ownership business firms john austen runner brokerage houses arrives city leaves motorcycle parking lot alongside expensive automobiles cars bankers brokers businessmen journey city arriving brokerage house works john formal suit tie errand business house wears formal top hat runners houses dress city hustle bustle wealthy businessmen representatives meet lend borrow money trade goods shares stock hire merchant ships buy insurance noon john austen takes lunch city pub pub crowded businessmen frequently billions dollars worth business steak kidney pie mugs beer
businesses grew english factory owners found needed sources supply raw materials thought imperialism answer problem felt britain territories africa asia colonies colonies serve sources supply living colonies able buy finished products english factories give businessmen larger market goods englishmen favored idea imperialism workers thought jobs scarce home move colonies find writers leaders felt white europe north america duty bring civilization fortunate africa asia dark skinned europeans felt white superior members races reasons imperialism century industrial revolution need markets sources supply important reasons english writers say nation depended imperialism author john ruskin worte england found colonies fast able perish race colonies quickened ended early century european nations united states japan part
sunday january cold st petersburg russia morning group women children began gather section city hours gathering grew huge crowd persons members gathering workers st petersburg factories workers lived city lives left russia farms villages seek jobs growing urban factories peasants lived harsh demands wealthy nobles owned farmlands factory workers found masters equally unconcerned leader meeting priest named father gapon peace preached nonviolence father gapon spent months listening workers learning problems helped write letter czar nicholas ii russian emperor title czar latin word caesar letter asked working factories shortened hours required cents letter asked common russia permitted send representatives legislature representatives speak needs peasants city workers january set workers deliver letter czar
lenin took russian government found country millions rule thousand communist party members favor government communists power faced problem holding power lenin began organizing strong police force find objected communist government working night communist police arrested women homes imprisoned killed clergymen arrested important part communism atheism belief god according marx lenin religion misled lenin ordered religious leaders arrested entire middle class included owners managers mines factories railroads industries regarded enemies arrested shot businesses government managed escape russia shocked rest including believers marx stories going lenin remained russia afraid speak fight communist dictatorship fear helped lenin power replace middle class owners managers lenin began appointing committees workmen run nation largest banks mines railroads factories insurance companies
june archduke franz ferdinand nephew emperor franz joseph heir throne visited sarajevo capital bosnia official visit archduke representative uncle hungarian empire procession automobiles bringing franz ferinand officials arrived sarajevo june archduke wearing helmet plume green feathers easy spot visitors wife white dress white hat black feathers crowds lined streets watching motor parade bomb thrown archduke car bounced exploded car officers car injured official visitors rode city hall sarajevo mayor city received greet city bombs franz ferdinand mayor bombs highness mayor assured danger procession left city hall continued governor house royal couple lunch driver archduke car wrong turn backing turn pistol shots rang archduke wife fell dead franz ferdinand threw arms looked unharmed car sped governor house
water slowly rose higher higher dams surrounding ancient temples skilled workmen diamond saws began cut foot high statues blocks cranes carefully lifted blocks spot high bank river block put original position night banks floodlights final stone set place temples pharaoh ramses ii saved rising water remained produce original setting complete artificial mountain hundreds experts nations worked clock rescue temples covered water rising water part square mile sq km lake forming aswan high dam feet high miles km dam took ten build cost nearly billion dollars city built house force rock sand clay build pyramids size pyramid giza water dam expand egypt farmland percent hydroelectric generators provide times electricity country produced aswan dam serve symbol present egypt
roots kushite civilization reach history knows certan settled land upper nile known egyptians began moving south conquering lands peoples eventually kush completely egyptian control kushites influenced egyptian beliefs egyptian continued hold culture period kush threw egyptian rule kushite kings began build armies middle century led invasion conquerors early century egypt kushite control kings kush pharaohs egypt carved names egyptian temples considered rightful rulers assyrians overran egypt kushite kings pushed afterward called kings upper lower egypt egyptian civilization kushite civilization common kush worshiped gods egyptians built egyptian style temples prepared dead egyptian manner buried small pyramids irrigated fields nile difficult tell cases kushites ideas egyptians egyptians kushites
century portuguese ships prince henry navigator explored west coast africa searching route india trip captain captured arabs brought portugal slaves prince henry angrily ordered captain return home captain took local arab leaders gave gold dust ten black african slaves exchange captain sold slaves portugal price captains bringing slaves sell early portuguese selling slaves west indies mines plantations huge profits soon french british dutch traders flocking africa west coast buy slaves centuries african tribes slaves conquered neighbors powerful chiefs discovered sell slaves beads cloth goods began making regular raids weaker tribes tribes completely wiped trading posts coast bought slaves thousands atlantic america nations outlawed importation slaves british abolished slavery colonies european nations soon countries americas outlawed slavery end slave trade mean end european interest africa
ears caliph city story teller talents spin yarns endlessly faltering according rumors tell adventures sunset dawn recite unheard tales sunrise night tell story caliph court attendants find storyteller brought caliph rumored greatest storyteller land pretensions greatness replied merely entertain friends coffee house favorite tales caliph let begin false modesty tell kind tale spin listeners cry end eat listen inventions court attendants fed storyteller brought caliph wanted story dawn tell caliph wanted story true sure able tell true tests storytellers want merely short tale wish devise tale say false
early times storytellers limited spoken word stories told simple folk tales legends began record ideas stories longer complicated story teller kinds information develop tale fiction based history popular kind story share lives thoughts experiences lived ago reading person living place story read book called caxton challenge takes place printing introduced england group scriveners written books hand worried losing jobs printing machines fears scriveners tried paper delivered printer tried destroy precious manuscript manuscript sir thomas morte arthur collection stories king arthur knights master william caxton printer wanted print stories press bendy boy story master caxton apprentice track manuscript deliver master bendy quest attempting involved dangerous peddler named tom twist
read read miracle hundred ago children nobility allowed school books books fifteenth century owned animals math science don deal accurate child knew seldom pass hour learning printed word newspapers road signs books instructions examples printed word modern depend printing certainly called greatest invention inventions depended reading studying printed words invented printing bit asking discovered america answer columbus remember leif ericson touched shores easy answer question invented printing johann gutenberg gutenberg printing press german city mainz printing moveable type leif ericson discovered america side china
early morning april worst sandstorm seen broke camp wind blew sand belongings camels rose dawn found nearly buried sand boots cap leather instrument bag disappeared dig sand hands noon darker dusk marching night air filled clouds drifting sand camel nearest dimly visible shadow gritty mist roar wind deafened hear bronze camel bells close weather knew stick close caravan separated lost forever gale grew hurricane nearly choked violence wind camels refused lay ground stretching necks sand evening camped decided abandon provisions possibly packed boxes stowed dunes drove pole higher dune tied newspaper serve beacon food days
sorry late vladimir surov remember quiet understand english couldn speak conversation aboard ziolkovski working notes peering microscope clung privacy tiny space ship rest crew spoke clear regarded affection respect surprising developing plants trees grow inside arctic circle famous botanist russia fact russian expedition botanist moon caused deal amusement odder fact biologists british american ships lunar landing evidence shown form plant exist moon despite airlessness lack water president academy science leading supporters theory surov complete absence vegetation living fossil thousand square miles explored parties big disappointment moon store
bit continued grinding going feet drilling corer pipe wire line attached broke barrel coming left feet snarled twisted wire drill pipe bad luck hole abandoned pull pipe remove core barrel start took hours hard worked cold north wind continued howl sea heaped wave looked fling aboard cuss miles pipe pulled put lowered ship lurching swaying bucking bronco drillers lives danger swinging section steel control kill derrick floor knock derrick ship contest brains muscles drillers dumb swinging steel tossing sea drillers won friday march bit nearing ocean bottom suddenly pilot found steering wheel turn meant ship facing wind high seas
dark mysterious ocean depths conquered series daring experiments prove live bottom sea days summer courageous divers lived feet beneath surface pacific ocean steel capsule called sealab navy ambitious underwater living experiment provided wealth valuable information dangers problems faces threatening environment sealab capsule cigar shaped tube feet feet diameter looked small submarine rested ocean floor san diego california navy captain george bond chief project capsule painted white lowered soon covered mud small octopi bond swam reenlist navy hitch ended capsule midday sunlight feet bond eternal twilight stopped feet sealab looked acquired color ocean floor caked marine growth sediment fish inches feet curious light coming portholes sealab cold degrees fahrenheit felt chilled despite rubber diving suit
chem standing hut bank river sharpening ax shrimp crawled foot bit chem angry lifted ax cut nearby tree fierce blow tree angry shook coconut branches coconut fell rooster rooster angry scratched big anthill full ants ants angry bit tail snake snake angry stung elephant leg elephant angry knocked big hollow stone woman pound rice stone rolled hill hit woman house knocked stone stone called woman angrily pay house won won shouted stone elephant roll hill woman elephant angrily elephant pay house won elephant snake fault stung leg woman snake angrily snake pay house won snake
living log cabin village osawatomie kansas fifties named john brown face leathery deep lined figure nervous bony artists paintings john brown tend picture giant tawny beard hair flaming eyes actually appearance writer small white head beard cold looking gray eyes speaking mouth compressed grimly john brown undoubtedly afflicted streak insanity mother grandmother died insane aunt uncles mother side family lunatics sort crazy cleverness cruelty brown disliked kind tried hand jobs success ignorant murderous honest court charges schooling read bible favorite quotations shedding blood salvation sin course interpretation referred shedding persons blood share bringing civil war freeing slaves mania born connecticut brown lived ohio fanatical abolitionist
tragic bombings nagasaki hiroshima brought war ii end atomic bombs dropped leaders england russia united states decided try prevent wars war ii going representatives nations san francisco discuss weeks exhausting dedicated representatives gave plan international organization called united nations member nations un charter promises peace respect dignity worth human promote cooperation nations improve daily united nations place governments bring problems difficulties place negotiate public debate councils personal conferences organization look hope peace aims united nations charter carried major bodies general assembly secretariat security council trusteeship council international court justice economic social council general assembly main body united nations composed members assembly voice small heard
midnight professor gloomy laboratory basement house week working locked doors stopping sleep strange sounds smells coming doors frightened servants brought food glimpsed room filled coiled glassware bubbling flasks experiment completed laboratory doors burst open professor rushes clutching flask murky fluid eyes gleaming feverishly cries picture heart seen thousand times motion pictures television screen read countless stories leaps mind words laboratory experiment mentioned picture remotely true picture scientist course interested science begun realize popular picture scientist true scientist scientists scientist field scientist sets salesmen teachers laborers kind worker dictionary definition scientist learned science especially natural science scientific investigator answer question
november morning charles drew young medical student strode hill mc gill university montreal canada overtook dr john beattie instructors teacher pupil friends dr beattie taught course bacteriology courses medical students required students acquired knowledge bacteria learned meaning science attitude truly inspiring students began understand scientist ending search facts meaning thirst knowledge human body spirit john beattie students appreciate development respect need protect learned gradual building century century future broad horizons dr beattie revealed charles drew young reached foot flight steps led classroom john beattie took newspaper clipping pocket news fellow landsteiner awarded nobel prize blood groups research field landsteiner experiments hope someday research blood think working scientist carving roads wilderness
mankind valuable resource human brain fast strong compared animals ruler brain reason calculate figure things decide remember brain able invent machine things times faster kind thinking computer mechanical brain original thinking follow carefully arranged directions prepares design electronic brain compared human brain ten billion nerves brain relay impulses send messages speed sound biggest computers millions parts electron tubes transistors wires switches send messages speed light miles computer add thousands figures parts brain jobs parts computer problem brain start thinking problem solved put computer problem coded put language machine understands part problem put proper order
basic kinds computers figuring ways analogue computer digital computer analogue computer measurer measure compare differences current voltage heat speed analogue computers help develop missiles aircraft control systems industry digital computer numbers figuring problem fed input numbers answer comes numbers digital computers solve complicated mathematical problems physics astronomy computers kinds speeds solve mathematical problems days hours mathematicians complete control complicated industrial processes translate language lightning speeds decode ciphers computer break written code combinations characters fast hear transcribe messages comparing facts deciding mathematical chances predictions elections sporting events weather advance predictors wrong medicine diagnose disease swiftly working hundreds possibilities defense track millions supply parts train soldiers control guns planes rockets missiles figure satellite orbits handle details rocket firing control satellite flight space
mayo maloney eleven shrimp fellow rude rudeness couldn step inside church instance giving happened uncomfortable feeling mayo despised place purpose mayo school library theater home mother felt mayo rude boy father frequently asked high horse act michael maloney meant mayo things easy stop finding fault found fault mother church activities found fault public school system government united nations entire population faultfinding going detail alive hand nervous irritable swift wise bored short perfectly normal boy contempt unspoken unmistakable slight body dark face hair hurry slow stupid weak thing didn bore idea hunting father wouldn buy gun caliber single shot rifle michael maloney told mayo soon sure mayo calmed think buying gun
ago primitive hunters sitting campfires looked awe wonder stars tiny lights shone steadily lanterns unseen gods worlds knew thousands interest stars continued began notice stars fixed space appeared wander sky greeks called wanderers planets means wandering tried explain movements greeks studies italian named galileo invented telescope giant step forward understanding universe today sends rockets satellites space find universe probes sky radar beams learn secrets knows universe answers knows universe large imagine vastness knows empty cold silent scattered empty space huge clusters stars called galaxies milky galaxy sun billion stars milky solved mystery planets travel sun earth planet sun form solar system sketch shows tiny section universe huge galaxies looking tiny blobs light
hard early seasons difficult find eat clothing shelter protection bad weather constantly threatened fierce beasts rocks clubs defend family early understood lived warm cook food fire raise food understand plants grow seeds learn gained accident laborious trial error clever person discovery secret easily die pass knowledge writing lost thousands secret discovered learned early early lived facts discovered accident children playing field france discovered cave early lived walls covered amazing pictures animals lived early early learned scientific studies archeologists remains found ancient campsites burial grounds fire charred bones animals eaten early stone tools weapons cave paintings archeologists gradually pieced story early
modern airliner speeds egypt tony sue fred peggy aboard formed travel club visit lands guides gray teacher wife plane stretches ribbon green farm land gray says valley nile river brown spots show green fields ripe wheat don join travel club gray interesting places pyramids egypt window plane tomorrow visit pyramids gray says learn built ago tombs egypt kings largest monuments built everyday ancient egyptians studied strange books scenes painted walls tombs temples things important today writing calendar working metal ways building discovered ancient egyptians thousands ago egyptians learned live cities civilized early date call land cradle civilization trip says gray enjoy getting country understand climate land
leaving hotel walk acropolis flat topped hill standing feet rest city anxious visit acropolis parthenon building called beautiful built acropolis means higher city explains gray original city athens built hill later city spread base base hill pass ruins outdoor theaters stone seats ancient athenians rich poor loved sit clear blue sky watch plays enter ruins fine marble gateway complete climb flat top acropolis stretch red tile roofs houses athens waters distant harbor center hilltop stand remains parthenon marble columns yellowed age temple jewel acropolis built honor athena greatest goddess ancient greeks believed athena protected cities war peace olive tree tall columns cast shadows stones ruins acropolis ruins huge building preserve beauty simple stately columns lines egyptian temples standing proud aloof desert sands impressed built dead
shortly pericles died greece involved terrible war war athens sparta greek cities fighting side reasons war persian wars sparta strongest greek city war athens continued build ships increase strength city states aegean sea allies partners paid taxes athens growing stronger sparta allies afraid athens stronger try conquer athenians spartans loved freedom city decided start war athens conquering results war twenty bloody fighting sparta defeated athens practically greek city seriously damaged war fields burned olive trees cut city walls destroyed young killed war fighting broke cities war war greek city states completely exhausted easy prize foreign king philip macedonia kings macedonia small warlike country north greek peninsula philip trained army greek city states conquered
greeks developing civilization lived central italy tribes uncivilized led simple hardy lives farmers italian peninsula found farm land greeks peninsula country lowland areas general rain water fields greeks farmers grew wheat olives grapes herds sheep goats grazed hillsides important tribes latins tribe settled land west apennines tiber river built villages hilltops easily defended enemy tribes groups villages united city states group villages formed city rome latins founded city later known romans romans italian uncivilized farmers write knew metalworking trade etruscans conquered romans taught things north tiber river lived powerful etruscans weapons iron horses war chariots invaded rome conquered kings ruled rome hundred etruscans helped build rome strong city drained low marshy parts city drains seen today high wall built etruscans protect hills rome
thousands americans examine travel folders preparation trip europe tingle excitement names paris alps sweden london greece big problem finding places visit big worry skip americans greater interest europe continent interested europe ancestors europe europe important nations trade development giant industries conquest ideas nations europe influence felt ideas ways living europe ideas freedom language kinds clothes wear foods eat fourth carry large amount trade europe buy machinery chemicals cotton wheat buy automobiles countries things swiss watches dutch tulips irish linens german cameras english woolens french perfumes european nations fine museums art galleries music festivals cathedrals thousands americans visit europe wonders europe small continent continent australia smaller check appendix greater area continent europe states united states europe part large land mass called eurasia word europe comes word meaning sunset
deck ship fishing boats freighters ocean liners slowly steam busy harbor barcelona spain important seaport manufacturing city million live largest seaport mediterranean barcelona compare size american cities settled hotel ready lunch nearby restaurant waiter recommends called arroz con pollo says favorite dish barcelona turns delicious chicken rice enjoy siesta lunch hotel rest hours spain nearly likes siesta midday rest explains gray shops closed siesta sight seeing barcelona visit massive gothic cathedral standing moment dimly lit interior listened church choir practice hymns ago moslem mosque roman temple stood spot cathedral later trip factory area beautiful tree lined street crowded wear dark suits women dressed hurry stroll looking store windows stop talk friends latest bullfight listen minstrel playing guitar singing top voice
ago switzerland ruled cruel governor named gessler put cap tall pole ordered swiss bow swiss named william tell refused salute cap gessler tell arrested gave bitter choice save shoot apple son head bow arrow william tell loved child proud skill archer carefully selected arrows split apple touching hair brave boy head gessler asked tell arrow tyrant arrow heart harmed son daring reply gessler angry tell thrown prison soon afterward tell escaped helped gain independence legend william tell says gray stories swiss boys girls learn supposed happened ago start switzerland fight independence story shows fine character swiss independent brave skillful proud country independence foreign rule surrounded powerful nations switzerland invaded able trained military service
quiet commanded viking captain sternly low voice fifty held breath daring whisper moments stillness dawn sound dripping water oars row leader signaled oars dipped water narrow ship dragon heads carved tall end crept river english village viking captain outlines thatched huts faint light early morning signaled ship shore soft crunch ship bottom rocky beach sudden clanking swords spears war axes whispered order follow fields crept fifty fair haired blue eyed raiders warriors fight eat suddenly viking captain raised sword bloodcurdling cry raiders attacked sleeping village half hour raid vikings carried grain meat chickens apples leaving burning huts frightened days later viking ship pulled fortified seaport france town strong raid vikings needed supplies willing trade dried fish stolen wheat cloth week viking warriors pulled tiny bay coast denmark welcomed heroes wives children
flight sweden gray asks study maps answer questions sweden wide mountains lowlands sweden north arctic circle live southern sweden farms summers warm crops plenty rain farther north country covered dark green forests soon reach stockholm capital sweden surrounded water calls fred answers gray part city located peninsula rest islands sweep green parks rows modern apartment houses land busy airport bus hotel friends karl lundquists invited apartment says gray evening streetcar edge tree filled park beautiful apartment buildings street operative apartment buildings gray tells family owns apartment sweden norway denmark famous operatives op dairies owned farmers stores ops owned shop elevator lundquist apartment seventh floor buildings
moscow important city russia capital soviet union center soviet civilization moscow largest city continent europe largest cities million live locate city canada north moscow think moscow cold embassy official tells things saw moscow huge palaces ancient cathedrals narrow winding streets date apartment houses modern office buildings broad boulevards huge industrial plants modern subway helps carry workers homes factories government offices eleven railroads lead city center government transportation moscow employs variety factories saw factories automobiles ball bearings machine tools cloth found difficult acquainted russian embassy official continues russians afraid talk guess sure government think talking foreigners finally acquainted family father mother young boy ivan twelve baby brother asking questions finally picture
africa largest continent land area united states fit giant continent times continents close neighbors asia joins africa sinai peninsula straits gibraltar europe lies miles distant large continent africa short coastline africa times large europe coastline shorter notice islands madagascar largest find zanzibar days slave trade eastern africa centered today famous cloves locate canary islands columbus stopped voyage ship rudder repaired africa plateau feet sea level high mountains break plateau places find atlas mountains locate mountains run miles east side africa rivers drain continent nile longest notice starts branches white nile blue nile sea flow congo drains part africa heaviest rainfall carries water african river ocean empty zambezi river famous victoria falls empty niger source western bulge africa
tour end began continent africa stop vigorous nation south africa located southern end continent nation ways reminds travelers european nations thirds railways automobiles africa colleges libraries newspapers telephones factories mines modern cities found african country million european descent live south africa half white africa half million asiatics india homes largest group million negroes country nearly times large california consists plateau feet sea level narrow coastal lowland bordering plateau sides map page find chain mountains separate lowland plateau seasons south africa opposite northern hemisphere region cape town mediterranean climate wet winters dry summers africa find mediterranean climate winds blowing indian ocean bring rainfall eastern coastal region winds lose moisture crossing mountains interior plateau dry grassland suitable grazing farming called veld dutch word field
leaving airport leopoldville plane flies northwest rain forests equator comes gulf guinea nigeria west africa europeans explore coast west africa portuguese twenty columbus voyage america explorers traders nations set trading posts coast coastal region called white grave early explorers traders died malaria yellow fever cases entire crew trading ship killed fevers ship left rot swampy shore single shipload slaves bought west africa sold west indies trader rich profitable trade continued early heavy demand oils developed fast growing industrial cities england whale oil grease machines soap candles whales began scarce northern waters manufacturers searched sources oil found source fruit oil palm tree west african rain forests oil shipped coast river boat palm oil niger river branches waterways called oil rivers
daughter susy thirteen secretly decided write biography bedroom night record hidden remember deep pleasure compliment praise tribute precious bring change line word susy sketch introduce passages honest heart spelling desperate susy stand correct spoil susy learned languages easily learned history easily learned music easily learned things easily quickly spelling bothered spelling accomplishment schoolboy sixty ago prizes school spelling amiability prizes thin smooth silver disks size dollar words spelling amiability holders prizes hung neck string holders envy school wasn pupil wouldn leg allowed wear week pupil chance john ro bards
modern hard jobs help machines days america starting grow heavy construction jobs manpower pushing pulling lifting pounding strength bodies labored dawn dusk worked sang singing helped speed eased minds motions job repeated song beat rhythm actually helped steady pace hoe field swing hoe bites earth pull hoe swing hoe chop rhythm movements gave rise field songs beat match swing short jolt pull upward sweep motions steadily hauls hand hand rope pulls heavy barge loaded freight song farm worker chant pulling boat type labor special songs developed match rhythm
takes minute flash mile quarter big bend tunnel train today big bend tunnel abuilding story look inside days light faded entrance farther hot murky evil smelling blackness smothered lungs sharp ring steel steel driving rock echoed tunnel heavy chants hundreds negroes singing songs toiled bodies gleamed smoky glare burning oil spot expect stumble hero myth legend case steam drill brought tunnel john henry workers gloomy cave refused accept threat honored profession human stood challenged steam drill duel battle machine looked unimportant sporting event john henry appealed human soul unknown poet story song today hear sung hundreds versions corners united states negroes jamaica sing sung german french legends immediately sprang john henry white
stagecoach climbed part mountain goat lurched halted bucked leaped clung times steep drop side trail pine trees looked jack sharp green lances waiting skewer slipped looked diggings jack told telling days stagecoach arrived bringing cloud summer dust sacramento city hangtown gents driver snapped final crack whip looks mighty quiet today don standin pine limb boots ground dog greeted end street barked empire hotel passengers road dust jack eyebrows ears neck arrived gold fever bad didn wait minutes shovel ground hangtown looked jackboots colored shirts wasn woman seen miners coming going standing talking sitting whittling blue freight wagons unloaded blindfolded mules loaded store shacks sides street raised wood pilings short legs looked walked town
found ma collins managed locate camp night started herd trail ed schuler fix breakfast chuck wagon let surprised whistle shake mc shoulder tell company bat mc bar trail boss ed whistle woke smelled dew fresh dawn trampled grass breeze bringing clean sweet scent smoke morning fire knew nearly breakfast looked wagon ma collins sitting buggy team mules watching camp waiting bat mc pulled boots wanted mornin ma called lost fog don reckon voice soft tired bar outfit yes gathered skirts buggy ma collins going trail bat mc eyes kind bulged surprise ways laughing proud camp cup coffee
gabe moved forward dropped letter langford desk brown bearded unfolded single sheet began read exclaimed jim bridger re foster son gabe threw shoulders langford read wants exploring trip yellowstone slip pack sit gabe raised teepee sitting mats buffalo robes slipped pack floor carefully sat chair gabe george kirkpatrick mother shoshone indian father andy kirkpatrick trapper traded pelts jim bridger post southwestern wyoming indians pa ten gabe mother young uns died smallpox jim took helped post school kansas city langford judge cornelius hedges general washburn going yellowstone group suitable settlement think sure sir learning woods jim told heap queer sights saw yellowstone langford smiled
boston harbor midnight dark wartime night lanterns swinging tall masts ships small glimmers light waters silent cat boy slid side big sailing ship halfway harbor shock water gasp bitterly cold forced dive deep stay swimming underwater ship head looked dock worn planks dock watchman plodded walked rounds half asleep seen boy alarming sight wartime watchman hallooing police boy knew trying swim quietly letting tide carry hold distance dock tide desperately tired waterproof bag neck held trousers shoes weight pulled reach call help mean ship risk heard trying swam wildly floundering panic forced tired body water boy ten yards offshore churning water doggedly
american fairly ancestors lived believe arrived physically mentally today recently begun understand reached immigrants began slip northeastern asia call alaska thousands ago earliest americans crossed area bering strait lies today moving small groups times period known ice age began million ago thousands sheets ice covered large areas earth surface ice sheets developed locked land huge amounts water result oceans times feet lower today times broad expanse land miles wide stretched bering strait earliest immigrants wander asia america bridge land today water nimble strong americans wandering hunters fixed dwelling places animal trails led move chased ice age game bison camels mammoths mastadons antelope coyotes giant ground sloths primitive horses
centuries columbus visited america ambitious exploring adventuring land sea seen frenzied activity lay powerful forces forces influencing exploration belief indians taught christians reason kings europe felt send expeditions force fierce search gold silver european kings hoped mines america rich needed precious metals pay products east navigators explorers monarchs employed mere imitators columbus interesting theories ideas reach indies begin call early part sixteenth century tested notions widened knowledge earth seamen independent mind john cabot columbus native genoa italy young cabot worked spice trade city venice concluded sailing northwesterly direction columbus reach source spices east indies cheaply directly cabot england agreed lead expedition king henry vii cabot persuaded merchants seaport bristol rich putting direct touch spice markets east
sixteenth century spain france planting flags america englishmen chiefly busy home brought developments gave special qualities efforts began seventeenth century opening developments england protestant country meant english officially separated roman catholic church king head newly organized church called church england development england manufacturing country production iron steel coal changing english entirely future hinted manufacture iron steel glass lead ships increasing enormously industries appearing paper soap copper brass items produced older businesses wool making trading grain prospering result activity manufacturing business number english merchants growing towns england places ahead english products found markets ports englishmen commonly seen maritime trading routes dutchmen spaniards living small country englishmen learned early risks achieve results daring defeated scattered spanish armada brave enemy fleet bold action
english colonists sure gains generation handed improved educating children chief rose ladder success regardless birth acquiring education families cities especially northern cities advantage living close children attend local schools england colonies led emphasizing importance learning early boston set school modeled grammar schools mother country small children taught read write parents school run woman community boys grammar school prepare college schools young spent studying latin grammar eventually schools replaced common town schools students common school studied reading writing religion arithmetic ciphering called added later colonists found important able numbers writing involved learning cut quill pen reading religion combined school textbook earliest schoolbooks hornbooks small boards handles attached board fastened sheet paper covered protective layer transparent horn paper students learned read letters alphabet combinations letters roman numerals
despite beginnings manufacturing agriculture provided main living colonists southern colonies centered plantations northern colonies family farms tobacco raised plantations found chief market england reached consumers europe rice grown plantations georgia carolina coasts exported coastal swamplands periodically flooded flow rivers ideal cultivation indigo plant provided important violet blue dye grown south especially south carolina georgia cultivation fitted rice raised high land slaves took care working rice fields textile industry expanded england mid eighteenth century need indigo grew parliament provided bounty encourage cultivation raising indigo colonies unprofitable wheat grown colonies greatest abundance middle colonies wheat exported jersey york pennsylvania delaware fields rivers reaching ports wheat shipped overseas wheat frequently hard biscuits hardtack tropical climate sea american wheat found diet living southern europe islands west coast africa west indies helped feed thousands sailors aboard merchant vessels colonies
interfered colonists liberty bound distress possibly thought english laws beginning interferences freedom british policies designed end freedom colonists based ideas cost french indian war put heavy burden englishmen mother country hindering prosperity british lawmakers vigorous offspring america pay part debt resulting war defeat france america trouble broken region west hated line established proclamation variety difficulties arisen traders trappers colonial frontiersmen representatives land companies settlers indians indians indians british govern trans appalachian area bringing peace firmness strong measures efforts parliament britain legislature deal british debt control area appalachians helped british satisfied colonists action mother country colonists part plan irritation instance order bring peace frontier british maintained america office commander chief general king forces
abroad president jefferson faced unusual events totally inadequate navy northern coast africa places problems developed demanded attention americans north african coast pirates barbary powers algeria tripoli tunis morocco seized foreign ships crews passing mediterranean sea demanded high ransom release captured attacks pirates represented threat united states interfered american trade countries badly needed insults american flag challenged nation keenly united states signed treaty algeria agreed pay annual sum protection money price let later similar arrangement tripoli treaty ruler tripoli declared war united states jefferson peace realized barbary pirates dealt force warships north africa fighting american heroes adventurous young lieutenant stepehn decatur decatur spectacular raid inside port tripoli recovered united states frigate philadelphia captured earlier set afire
needs american industry centered north england especially led congress steps americans south west completely accept steps immediately war british manufacturers began flood american market goods british factory owners thought destroy infant industries united states firmly established congress passed tariff law tariff answer cries protection american factory owners duty manufactured goods shipped united states tax raised cost foreign products protected american industry chief argument favor law united states stronger war independent foreign manufacturers number congressmen chiefly southerners opposed law cost manufactured goods high help raise price agricultural products general sections country willing support protective tariff believed american industries developed tariff repealed events bank charter bank united states ran number banks increased
martin van buren upset plans winning election help jackson strong backing jackson feeble ill retired beloved house hermitage tennessee personal satisfaction seeing american support candidate ideas government successful politician van buren able fill huge boots left hero orleans van buren strong backing democrats eastern part country felt greatly indebted helping build party frontiersmen felt comfortable davy crockett spread story president wore tight corset perfume untrue van buren reputation dandy hurt rural communities depression hurt terrible business disaster fell country soon van buren president naturally blamed financial difficulties jackson van buren position blame money policies hickory believed destruction bank united states removed force country controlled unchecked issuance paper money banks jackson issued called specie circular aim cut wild speculation land buying property hope increase fresh effort owner
general scott relieved command civil war began fuss feathers seventy injured fall barely able stand completed service nation army entrusted general irvin mc career officer command troops beautiful sunday late july general mc boys largely untrained met smaller number confederates southern soldiers largely untrained command general beauregard action took place manassas juntion virginia bull run creek miles washington north aim throw open road confederate capital richmond richmond cry shouted impatient northerners including congressmen lived washington rode south virginia carriages order fun union troops expected victory battle bull run southern troops general joseph johnston brought help beauregard confederate troops general thomas jackson held fast fellow officer gave history stonewall shouted noise battle jackson standing stone wall confederates pressed advantage union troops fled city washington
recapture control mississippi river union defeat lee gettysburg foretold end war dragged possibly problem financial confederate government tax pay cost war failing tax citizens seek loans confederacy officially recognized foreign countries poor financial backing foreign bank turned willing lend south money heavy demand gold silver coins disappeared circulation southerners hoarded concealed metals confederacy issued huge quantities paper money worth passed money easy counterfeit fact fake bills printed north pushed circulation south weaken confederate currency currency fell prices rose skyrockets richmond instance shoes selling pair potatoes bushel bacon pound war obtain goods barter swapping acceptable money difficult south shortages goods wool scarce start war salt especially preserving meat completely unavailable
reaching change attitudes industry fifty resulted number things realization united states rich natural resources money investment americans hard working inventive build foundation european technology change aided demands american customers vigorous leadership adventurous individuals expansion american industry affected product imaginable cotton cloth boots shoes canned foods locomotives rise industries basis enormous industrial growth united states important industries producing steel method removing impurities melted iron order steel patented changing iron industry completely imaginative businessmen took advantage process successful andrew carnegie boy america scotland andy twelve father lost job hand loom weaver factory worked began machine looms task andy forgot father coming home trying find employment saying mrs carnegie andra canna nae mair carnegies america settled pennsylvania andy quickly job bobbin boy cotton mill
president called willing experiment plan turned downcast republican senator wrote soon inauguration exchanged frown white house smile immediately roosevelt took office city washington alive ideas cabinet unusually able included senator cordell hull tennessee secretary henry wallace iowa republican secretary agriculture secretary labor roosevelt chose woman sit president cabinet frances perkins york step roosevelt took close banks country days purpose experts examine records banks order sure sound reopened told radio assure safer money reopened bank mattress roosevelt radio referred fireside chats put closer touch president began broadcast cheerily friends explain proposed problem nation mrs roosevelt source strength president
postwar americans hoped atom put peacetime improve lives millions expected medicines penicillin streptomycin widely war banish diseases fred vinson charge reconverting industry peacetime activity american pleasant predicament learn live percent lived americans transformed astounding number houses built increasing number americans able afford vacation trips millions continued suffer hard times hope eventually sharing nation prosperity widespread dream measure prosperity steady rise total amount goods services produced united states total averaging person total expected woman child nation industries produced material things vast quantity advertisements created yen satisfied goods services means distributed equally money buy wanted millions americans share prosperity felt share sufficiently frustration envy
problems home drew attention unmet needs citizens needs pressing jobs grew scarcer prices climbed higher beginning longer simply increasing nations productivity sufficient national goal dissatisfaction injustice americans aware problems fellow countrymen share riches united states situation american blacks drew deserved attention despite civil war amendments constitution black discriminated law custom country short class citizens denied civil rights attempts organized blacks whites arouse concern blot american democracy known civil rights movement movement historic decision united states supreme court case brown board education topeka court declared separate schools blacks whites unconstitutional courts office united states attorney general worked carry required decision ray hope revealed brown decision led black leaders actions protest segregation late blacks montgomery alabama began boycott buses refuse ride blacks whites law seated separately
special daddy today re going visit statue liberty building william asked sister bonnie laughed outdoors island york harbor friend ellen took helicopter ride york told statue tall apartment house knew statue big william mother tied straw sun hat ready asked set daddy let piled car drove bonnie asked statue called liberty liberty means freedom daddy hundred free country france gave statue liberty sort birthday present william asked daddy agreed france big statue thin sheets copper america ship mother large send piece pieces workmen put pieces copper iron framework island daddy parked car ferry liberty island bonnie william hopped bonnie cried statue liberty tall apartment house water lady stood outlined sky torch held high hand
eddie stopped fish market home school hello eddie henderson want fish heads bet eddie cat biggest cat saw tortoise shell cats bring home asked henderson nice pen eddie mother won let house think henderson rolled fish heads paper eddie started home cat cat eddie sniffed ran eddie block home eddie looked cat running thing henderson gave lot fish heads eddie front gate eddie found cat house eddie thought cats wonderful eddie thought say cats family eddie put cats pen big tortoise shell cat emptied paper fish heads pen cats fell eddie mother called indoors smell fish wash hands going rid cat don want bring cats home
boy snow tomorrow christmas eddie flipped furry cap air missing mom reading lamp landed potted plants willa mae watering cut ed cried sure stay jason mom boys home snow bad okay home jason promised snowing eddie money counted eddie slammed front door clattered stairs fast money lamp shade jay eddie asked sure willa mae find wasn caught sight fountain park frozen eddie gasped pulled jason water fountain frozen bubbling statue animals turtles frogs swans frozen strange icy shapes lovely fairyland hm snow starting jason sniffing air flakes blowing lightly ice looked gray tumbling sky downtown shopping chasing running parkway till market street gee snowing jason hurry dime store block shouldn store cozy warm sparkled christmas
kwasi cut piece soap bar shelf picked bucket walked village tap boys buckets soaped till covered white foam head toe scrubbing bodies handfuls dried grass kwasi seen hard baths wanted extra clean eve independence tomorrow march celebration ghana independence going accra tomorrow kwasi going accra mammy lorry grandmother boys looked round eyes lost small kwasi boasted miss celebrations boy miss feasting drumming dancing accra kwasi fireworks listen boys drumming starting kofi boys started drum night drummer village kwasi villages boy began move feet sound drumming blobs soap flew blossoms windy
yelle asleep whispered bouke brother streak white moonlight floor cold white bed nice warm hear news whispered bouke need horses pull snowplow snow thick ice canal yelle wanted sleep talk days talk snow ice hold proud race proud dangerous track covered hundred miles frozen canals eleven towns wind swept lakes past tiny villages lonely farmhouses skaters push icy winter darkness longed auke brother snow thick possibly clear track fit skating boys breakfast kettle singing stove frost windows radio special news race helpers needed clear track school children holiday help hurrah shouted bouke give broom yelle sat quietly
flames licked roof shed singed trees cris brooks watched frowning sixth fire williamsburg week surely coincidence burn shack cris dark brown eyes searched crowd watching fire firebug saw father moving slowly crowd stopping question answer questions face grim beneath police chief cap poor dad cris sighed knew concerned williamsburg famous restored buildings burn cris grinned saw friend beth lorry coming munching candy bar beth didn let interfere snacks beth joined cris tiny woman colonial costume official williamsburg hostess bustled dears looking wonderful thing happened miss mirabelle marston white curls bobbed beneath lace cap mrs cartwright lent winston jewels special exhibit wonderful miss marston cris agreed don girls miss marston suggested exhibit treat fire nice young milkman craig willard stopped pint pistachio ice cream hey sounds beth answered ok cris love miss marston cris smiled miss marston sailed wide brick walk plum colored skirts billowing
brownlee extra alarm fire blackstone streets blanford crew writing desk reporters room call brought feet assignment editor gotten report fire police fire radio television crew scene moment lose ran hall yelled room television crews sat assignment blanford let extra alarm seconds scrambling elevator piling car assignments luck arrive fire fire department television crew composed cameraman equipped cameras small camera taking silent movies large camera record sound film picture sound engineer electronic equipment permits control degree volume quality sound recorded film electrician job subject filmed properly lighted finally reporter case charge crew responsible getting story reporting accurately
feel feel things feel things feel things ideas things answers questions feelings ideas things named questions feelings ideas act feelings ideas called attitudes feelings ideas health things health things health practices health practices things help healthy feelings ideas health called health attitudes feelings ideas things health health attitudes important health attitudes important help find suppose person feels health practices important person feels important think likely healthy person feels health practices important likely healthy feeling health practices help healthy
born health attitudes babies born ideas feelings live grow ideas feelings health attitudes health attitudes show ideas feelings say show attitudes show bad attitudes pictures page showing health attitudes health attitudes showing children develop attitudes closest show likely health attitudes family later began getting health attitudes family health attitudes playmates neighborhood started school began getting health attitudes teachers classmates health attitudes family neighborhhod attitudes health attitudes caused things happened suppose bad accident afraid accidents careful things want bad accident
kinds feelings feelings pleasant likewise feelings pleasant word feelings emotions pleasant feeling think love love pleasant feelings love love family love friend love pet love pride pleasant feeling things feel proud feel proud play basketball game feel proud play game feel proud praises suppose bake cookies eats tells feel love pride pleasant feelings feelings unpleasant think anger anger pleasant feeling things angry suppose pushes standing line angry makes angry fear pleasant feeling fear lightning fear animals fear fear wants hurt
read grow ways body grows mind grows grow getting grow follow growth pattern plan body begin grow fast grown ways feel behave twenty stop taller body stops growing mind growing growing growing ways rest follow growth pattern person pattern person pattern exactly look picture page differences picture differences tell growth patterns stages growing stages order age person goes stage knowing growth pattern worry reach stage growth earlier later friends problems growing
grow faster larger classmates friends careful hurt playing active games thought older expected behave older grow slower smaller classmates friends size thought younger grow faster slower glands control growth gland hormone pituitary gland makes growth hormone person grow fast grown person large pituitary gland makes growth hormone person grow slowly person small smaller age glands person grow slower person helped doctors give person extra growth hormone help grow faster growing faster slower due glands suppose person growing slower eating foods help grow
happen tried play active game rules game rules help play active game safely active games learned rules think rules happen follow playing playing safely things rules important playing active game safely happen tried wrong equipment play active game equipment help play active game safely played volleyball kickball balls games alike volleyball hit hands ball hard fairly light hurt hands hit kickball hit feet ball hard heavier volleyball happen hit kickball hands happen hit face kickball equipment broken damaged help play active game safely happen tried play active game wrong place choosing proper place play help play active games safely suppose summer friends wanted play kickball play play kickball active games need place plenty room
read kinds chronic diseases caused things things parts environment environment parts parts air breathe part germs sunshine part parts chronic diseases caused things air places air clean think fact dirty air pollution dirty air things air dirty gases car engines engines help air dirty polluted gases smokestacks fuel burned engine furnace gases gases spread air air breathe things think pollute air chronic disease caused air pollution lung cancer emphysema asthma heard diseases caused air pollution chronic diseases caused germs germs tiny things found found body tiny enter body knowing
eat breakfast eat lunch eat dinner meals important food things health things called nutrients eat meals nutrients need food eat help healthy ways nutrients help healthy giving power energy age need deal energy need growing need working playing need staying alive kinds nutrients need energy carbohydrates fats energy food eat plenty food energy happen foods carbohydrates fats carbohydrates found bread cereal starchy vegetables fruits fats found meat eggs butter cheese nuts foods depend energy nutrients help healthy helping grow growing healthy carbohydrates help give energy growing fats body grows forming cells nutrients raw materials cells formed chief nutrients cells formed proteins foods plenty proteins listed page
mouth lets food water body foods large fit mouth front teeth help bite smaller pieces picture teeth page teeth biting kinds teeth picture step digesting food chew chew mouth waters happens glands put kind juice mouth juice saliva glands pictured page body found saliva mixed food chew helps dry food wet helps hard food soft helps change starches foods kind sugar chew food tongue helps turns food pushes food teeth cheeks helps hold food teeth chewed food tongue pushes food mouth tongue muscles help swallow food swallowed food enters tube tube called esophagus carries swallowed food stomach suppose stomach food enters stomach food mixed juices
seen respiratory system important health healthy respiratory system healthy damaged respiratory system damaged damage happens happens chief damage respiratory system dirty polluted air air perfectly clean dust pollen things things trouble dust air asthma today things air things air problem called air pollution damage respiratory system ways air pollution inflamed bronchial tubes bronchitis bronchitis phlegm chest chest cold lead trouble breathing lead deal coughing coughing helps clean tubes breathing lasting chronic bronchitis cough coughing damage lungs stretch burst tiny air sacs lungs properly
order healthy think order healthy likely order healthy course learned things learned things home learned school learned places learn facts ideas health facts ideas called health information need health information think need health information help form health attitudes health attitudes feelings ideas health health attitudes help healthy need health information help form health practices health practices things help healthy think health attitudes practices help healthy health attitudes practices help healthy body health attitudes want learn health practices suppose wants healthy teeth health attitude person want learn ways taking care teeth
need health information information health wrong wrong ideas health things important health ideas dangerous family wrong ideas health food believe nutrients need foods eat eating balanced diet wrong idea diet nutrients need believe foods bother eat foods wrong idea eat foods order nutrients need wrong ideas health food listed page wrong ideas health medicines drugs idea small amount drug large amount suppose taking medicine upset stomach think took medicine sooner wrong idea medicines amount needed
idea exercises health help muscles larger stronger help loosen muscles bend twist things easier exercises playing active games stunts help prepare muscles heart lungs harder beginning page exercises learn blast exercise helps leg stomach muscles stronger helps loosen muscles helps practice keeping balance begin blast stand feet inches raise hands head count slowly ten count bend knees slowly legs fully bent count shout blast leap high air starting position try exercise times stopping neck hand exercise helps muscles neck hands stronger exercise sit stand head straight place palm left hand left side head ear keeping head straight push hard hand count ten
active games help learn skills need bowling read game beginning page maybe want play team pin guard game girls boys enjoy need large wooden pins basketballs order play need teams large circles team circle twenty feet foot circle center large circle wooden pin center small circle team stands large circle facing pin player team moves inside large circle pin guard idea team pin guard person team standing large circle hit pin rolling basketball pin guard try stop basketball hitting pin step small circle player hits pin scores point team happens play circles stops pin guard places players standing large circle pin set play continues game continues players team turn pin guards
age learn stunts exercises playing active games stunts help muscles larger stronger help loosen muscles help learn skills stunts stunts pages fun try jump slap stunt girls boys enjoy stand hands sides jump high bend knees bring heels sides slap heels hands try land position started skin cat stunt need teacher help times try need horizontal bar bar higher reach feet flat floor skin cat grab bar palms hands facing bring knees chest swing legs arms turn touch ground toes let bar stand tiger stand balancing stunt place palms hands forearms mat arms ten inches
brain place think brain things think tell want things blink eyes pinch ears don pinch hard put tongue sniff nose wiggle fingers rub skin arm eyes ears tongue nose fingers skin give brain things think eyes send sight messages brain ears send sound messages brain nose sends messages smell tongue sends messages taste things sweet sour fingers skin send messages feel things hot cold rough smooth round square messages brain nerves brain things think brain sends orders action sends orders chewing food eaten sends orders running jumping playing brain sends orders clapping hands clap brain orders clapping hands brain sends orders move choose sleepy feel night brain rest body slows activity sleep organs heart lungs working night
large busy gland thing juice called bile learn bile soon important things liver store dissolved sugar foods eat blood flows liver picks sugar give energy things things walking combing hair calls extra energy swimming running race blood picks extra amounts needs stored sugar bile liver gall helps digest fat food eat sac stores gall bile sac called gall bladder pancreas makes juices help digest food eat groups cells pancreas help body sugar going tell food digested happens drop lump sugar water don dissolves food dissolved blood carried parts body easy dissolve things apples steak nuts lots things eat water
digestion completed small intestine narrow tube curled inside small intestine stretched feet small intestine bile liver juices pancreas juices intestine soon food dissolved pass walls small intestine blood blood takes digested food oxygen parts body rest food part dissolve goes large intestine big tube excess water removed waste food slowly pushed rectum rectum place waste food stays leaves body bowel movement want digestion help chewing food easy swallow give stomach intestines chance put hands lower ribs backbone kidneys important help body clean inside kidneys wastes excess water blood waste liquid kidneys tubes sac urinary bladder
oxygen stay alive oxygen air breathe oxygen water body separate oxygen water tried breathe water find lungs oxygen need drown breath water fish fish breathe water fish sea animals organs called gills gills help sea animals oxygen water sea animals water gills dry oxygen air soon die sketch rough outline body put important organs brain liver heart lungs stomach class committee choose drawings put bulletin board want try putting homemade stethoscope narrow rubber tubes feet put end rubber tube small funnel free ends rubber tubes ears stethoscope hear heartbeat breathe air tape measure check size chest breathe air size chest measured
sure give correct signals plenty turn stop pictures show correct signals stop left turn turn ride single file friend bike ride ride front distance bicycle length sure ride straight line zigzag hitch ride car truck riding daytime dusk night sure white light front red reflector tail light reflector tapes rear night wear white light colored shines dark seen easily remember traffic lights signs bike drivers car drivers watch traffic lights signs obey suppose rainy decide friend play game indoors high shelf closet game want reach game picture help discuss question check answer page want reach high place thing stepladder stepstool
thing fire drill building quickly fire signal sounds line class walk quickly quietly taught keeping quiet fire drill important hear directions washroom fire signal sounds walk class reached safe area ask teacher class find class class playground fire signal sounds line quickly walk quickly school fire drills suppose beach swim boys picture safe things think swimming turn page check answers think things deciding keeping safe water swim lifeguard swim friend buddy swim stay deep water swim feeling tired chilled overheated recovering illness jokingly call help water reasons think guides
think important care primary teeth try primary teeth important jobs mouth lost naturally thing primary teeth needed chewing learned food begins digested mouth chewed mixed saliva primary teeth ready replaced permanent teeth food chewed need primary teeth help talk later need permanent teeth lose teeth hard say clearly words sounds letters primary teeth needed guides permanent teeth forming primary teeth missing guide permanent teeth places notice picture chart primary teeth guides permanent teeth forming reason primary teeth care mouth shed primary tooth comes soon teeth side move fill part space left
thing prevent cavities dental caries called teeth things help children drink water small amount chemical called fluoride fewer cavities children communities flouride present naturally drinking water communities add fluoride drinking water community help prevent dental caries brushing teeth meals eating sweets regular visits dentist help dentist special tools cleaning teeth picture left scalers cleaning tartar teeth hand mirror part jet spray dentist mixing bowl visit dentist times advises help choosing snacks cutting sweet snacks eat sweet sticky foods candy cake help cavities dentist finds cavity tooth special tool clean decayed part tooth cavity ready filling cavity deep dentist inject medicine feeling uncomfortable cavity ready filled dentist puts filling plastic silver material
poem left read ways move ways movements move body place movements stay place show dart swallow show glide fish move stately sprightly meaning word look glossary ready show kick high jump low show skip hop fast slow fast skip hop bend twist move movements body skeleton bending places joints joints places bone ends bone begins muscles fastened bones help move pictures show wall muscles trunk trunk part body shoulders top legs muscles trunk bend easily help bend forward backward sideways notice large strong muscles trunk muscles hold backbone straight help powerful movements batting ball
inside head remarkable organ brain read book understand things going remember yesterday plans tomorrow play games hear music talk imagine things ago future brain countless things activity billions cells brain scientists estimated computer built equipment human brain computer size giant skyscraper hippocrates famous greek physician lived thousand ago try explain wonderful things brain felt sure brain helps hear smell touch taste believed brain part body makes remember forget dislike talk write feel emotions fear joy thinking amazing activities hippocrates scientists puzzled process thinking goes brain spite unanswered questions brain thinks
nervous system brain spinal cord nerves extend body brain called busiest place hard imagine number kinds messages flashed brain sensory nerves eyes ears skin messages received parts brain acted stored memories difficult imagine number kinds messages going brain muscles motor nerves messages concern moving moving muscles nerves likened telephone wires unlike telephone wires nerves living tissue messages travel nerves alike impossible tell set message impulse place going message comes ears hearing center brain hear message comes eyes visual center brain message comes brain muscle move muscle final stopping place message determines things hear taste smell move muscle nerves body send messages speed feet
senses known doctors scientists studied seeing hearing smelling tasting touching senses help going called special senses main senses unit find additional deep senses nowadays known main senses deep body sensory nerves tell body needs senses let eat eat thirsty need fresh air breathe bladder needs emptied muscle sense kinesthetic sense helps things weight movement instance lift boxes size muscle sense tells heavier sense makes carry movements automatically pay attention sense trying learn muscle skill throwing catching baseball pay attention muscles joints skill mastered automatic
color blind tell difference colors completely color blind colors gray color blind trouble seeing reds greens blues yellows color blind blues yellows color blindness tested charts check person ability tell differnce dots color background dots color charts shown left patterns red green color blindness inherited common women estimated form color blindness women color blind eye bank medical storage place healthy corneas eyes willed medical science death healthy clear corneas transplanted soon eyes persons developed scarred clouded corneas replacement clouded scarred corneas clear prevent blindness transplant eyes types organ tissue banks learn later known blood bank
idea skin skin stretched piece big think piece fairly accurate estimate average sized ten eleven square feet skin body body largest organ outer part skin read page called epidermis outer part consists layers cells top important thing epidermis serve cover helps harmful bacteria body look skin hand magnifying glass learn interesting things epidermis notice folds creases skin closed fist tightly notice folds smooth think function folds creases skin skin skin tight folds decided skin stretch easily move parts body folds hand provide lodging places dirt important wash baths
learned ways skin helps found interesting things skin blood vessels skin help body temperature normal degrees understand mind heat brought skin blood blood vessels body making heat heat going blood air skin cold blood vessels skin contract happens blood enter blood vessels skin warm blood body passes blood vessels means heat going blood air heat body body warm tiny blood vessels skin expand blood flow blood vessels skin heat blood pass body air heat leaves skin body cooled fatty layer dermis storehouse roomy boy girl weighs pounds carrying pounds fatty layer dermis water fat
baby bones elasticlike cartilage calcium mineral matter bones grew older bones began grow larger stronger important minerals calcium phosphorus digested food carried blood help growth calcium phosphorus body milk drink growing important diet includes milk main food groups takes food groups eaten amounts healthy strong page kinds foods needed adequate daily diet bone cells build strong bones plenty vitamins vitamin found citrus fruits berries tomatoes leafy vegetables vitamin comes foods cod liver oil fish egg yolks vitamin fat skin skin exposed ultraviolet rays sun minerals needed bone building calcium phosphorus found fruits vegetables milk grow older bones grow thicker cover bones puts hard bone cells bones thicker stronger
muscles cover skeleton skeletal muscles want want walk run skeletal muscles move wish want chew swallow turn eyes talk muscles command things brain sends messages motor nerves muscles body muscles messages tell muscles want called voluntary muscles muscles need order start stop orders consciously involuntary muscles involuntary muscles found blood vessels organs stomach large small intestines bladder heart muscle works orders acts slightly involuntary muscles upset feelings anger fear feelings involuntary muscles working properly feel weak sick tied knots voluntary muscles affected strong feelings upset voluntary muscles begin twitch causing tremble muscle thousands thread fibers fastened talk muscles mean bundles muscle fibers
exercise help build strong muscles help skillful muscles muscles quickly skillfully able move actions coordinated waste energy remember tried game softball basketball found hit ball basket practiced lot hit ball bat basketball basket practicing muscles strong able move coordinated lots exercise build strong muscles skillful careful exercise exercise strenuously muscles overtired overtired muscles started exercising stop rest plan warm muscles light exercise strenuous exercise light exercise speeds heart lungs ready gradual strenuous exercise noticed basketball players warm shooting baskets passing ball player regular game begins
suppose doctor living ago want happens blood body books tell laboratory equipment aid think finding answer question thought doctor ago find happens blood body especially interested learn famous physician william harvey dr harvey carried studies england early harvey true story blood circulates body doctors ago convinced blood flows body early doctors thought food changed blood liver heart warmed disappeared body tissues blood believed body dr harvey began question ideas blood body studied kinds animals happened blood bodies carefully observed human heart blood vessels performed operations dr harvey known conclusions blood pumped body valves blood vessels blood flowing direction
passed malpighi learned circulatory system system heart blood blood vessels part circulatory system heart heart located front part chest heart lies slanting position small tip end pointing downward left body put hand chest left center body feel heart beating heart size closed fist constantly beats rests night beat sends blood blood vessels parts body boys girls age heart beats approximately times minute baby heart beats times minute grown person heart beats times minute heartbeat persons course person times heat beats faster person exercises excited angry worried heart involuntary muscle heart muscle act exactly involuntary muscles read heart muscle special kind muscle works naturally
remember cut finger foot blood flowed cut course blood flow matter cut blood network blood vessels stretches body blood heart pumped interested detail blood vessels extend parts body picture left page help understand look pictures blood tubes blood vessels carry blood heart body heart pictures show vessels suggest number notice page aorta branches smaller arteries turn branch smaller smallest blood vessels branch tiny hairlike tubes called capillaries capillaries actually fifty times thinner thinnest hair page tiny capillaries seen microscope find junction arteries veins blood arteries enters hairlike capillaries important thing happens oxygen blood drawn thin capillary walls surrounding cells body cells carbon dioxide cell wastes enter thin walled capillaries
growing tall weighing ways grow grow ways control extent tall grow instance ways growing stop think ways grow mentally read books spend newspapers magazines nowadays read things parents reading watch special television programs tell things taking place things interesting ways think person grow mentally growing emotionally words grow understanding managing feelings emotions includes ability responsibility family members friends school grow learning considerate treat want treated think ways grow emotionally grow emotions concerned grow deciding wrong believe matter
angry feelings stay let feelings inside talk feelings parents adult trust friend older brother sister try feelings locked inside feelings inside feel mean unhappy feelings body working properly sooner later feelings disguised ways feelings person thing angry feelings ways teasing bullying small children animals children animals getting rid anger feel anger kind called displaced anger angry feelings bottled inside ways pain find head aches stomach hurts upset reasons try let angry feelings talking mean going telling feelings mean talking older person trust
book learned wonders human body help body functioning properly need follow safe healthful practices daily living cleanliness harmful germs getting inside means careful wash hands handling eating food going toilet means careful drink safe drinking water avoid eating food spoiled improper storage means towel washcloth toothbrush drinking glass possibly kinds foods getting fresh air exercise getting plenty sleep rest keeping strong sick spite efforts things help fight illness bed lots rest cold rest surest ways helping fight disease sick parents doctor clinic help doctor tells try health checkups family doctor clinic minor problems care try avoid illness making sure immunized communicable diseases polio diptheria german measles tetanus whooping cough smallpox
theodora excel cook fond reading housework food prepared perfectly fried pies boy working hard racing hours fresh air simply delicious kinds food appealing eye rich doughnut brown fine fried pie boys thought theodora known fry pies shining success thought talent job dangerous making fried pies nearly dangerous working gunpowder mill housewife lost sight eye fried pie explosion case half kitchen ceiling coated smoking hot fat frying pan thrown bursting pie theodora dough sweetened ordinary doughnut dough rolled thick piecrust put filling mincemeat stewed apple gooseberry plum blackberry peach raspberry cherry edges dough pinched pie open frying big pan fat stove beginning smoking hot pies put gently side watchful telling swelling hot pie act bombshell blow blistering hot fat sides
realize artificial foods eat natural flavors odors smell natural odors brands vanilla ice cream flavored wood pulp soft drinks owe sweetness coal cherries cherry lollipops maple syrup tree named chocolate cookie trace real chocolate information comes surprise read list ingredients printed pop bottles candy bar wrappers cookie boxes packages prepared foods sure find words artificial flavoring reason natural flavors course taste artificial flavors present problems natural products change flavor cooled happens vanilla loses taste cold addition natural vanilla tastes mixed vanillin artificial flavoring wood pulp natural products change flavor heated flavors vanish thin air hand artificial flavors thrive extreme heat flavors natural products change stand months pass cake mix packaged open add eggs milk whisk oven
advertisements today billboards buses subways commercials tv hear radio look newspaper magazine ads company advertising familiar brand product company selling elephant peanut butter hopes hear product ads commercials remember store familiar elephant brand buy brand peanut butter sold company hearing product frequently buy ads techniques ways try convince buy product pages ads techniques sell elephant peanut butter look ad read technique decide convince buy elephant brand type ad claim product popular promise beautiful handsome product product give popularity looks type ad presumes famous person says likes product buy admire want act
growing vermont barbara brother sisters trained father compete downhill ski racing cochran children champion skiers barbara achieved special honor twenty women special slalom winter olympics special slalom skier race downhill weaving pairs closely spaced flagpoles barbara gold medal event skiing gold medal won american twenty evonne surname means trees quiet waters comes area australia called outback held tennis racket fourteen evonne practicing daily tennis competition won women singles tournament wimbledon england sought awards tennis opponents wimbledon older experienced players nineteen evonne won tournament adult competition ten dianne trained olympic speed skating competition running bicycling daily mile round trips home illinois west allis wisconsin practiced united states olympic speed skating rink winter olympics sixteen dianne won silver medal bronze medal worked saved money holland train famous dutch speed skating coaches
blue ridge mountains folks scared poke heads doors fear getting stray bullet calloways hugginses real feuding things quieted families speak young folks play ball traipse feeling left deep em calloways trying ahead hugginses hugginses set outdistancing calloways succeed huggins looked saw zeb calloway planting turnips patch turnip patch suspected notion outdoing turned figured fancy turnip seed saying raise turnips mine look nubbins game play took trip asheville bought package turnip seed fancy seed aim cultivate fertilize water calloway ten soon found took harder cared settled specialize turnip
climate weather conditions place region period climate place region determined temperature amount kind precipitation precipitation moisture form rain snow sleet hail colors map show precipitation part united states receives key lower hand corner map tells color stands according key region colored pink receives average inches rain precipitation region green states large regions receive inches rain annually states receive inches precipitation average annual precipitation live climate regions places similar precipitation temperatures map outlines climate regions united states colors map climate region map key regions inches precipitation called humid inches called semiarid inches called arid key shows climate region colored red hot summer winter humid states areas climate
school let june papa agreed camping trip invited amos brother caleb asked harv weather perfect early mosquitoes chiggers mama packed friday night caleb papa loaded station wagon tent sleeping bags fishing tackle water supplies papa upstairs things mama packing piled bed heap papa stared ukulele asked don mama shrugged magazine pictures sitting campfire night ukuleles things tell set clothing winter arctc re going overnight turn cold lost need things wouldn sighed papa lost wilderness trusty ukulele morning alarm clock light papa slept caleb tried talking awake didn side sat bed slapped wrists lightly revolved head yeah yeah finally remember picked amos harv dawn
thing dig information scientists learned rattlesnakes author selection ipsen research engineer industry interested education taught engineering university california helped develop university elementary school science project involvement creating science materials young sparked interest rattlesnakes read portions book rattlesnakes scientists turn page changed mind beliefs stated rattlesnake named rattle carries rattle scientists puzzled question scientists careful observers making guesses earliest observers idea rattle cowbell cow neck rattled snake moved signaled snake rattlesnake decided condemned let prey move notion rattlesnake rattle serve warn prey heard today scientists ideas english scientist charles darwin fully accepted scientists kind animal darwin insisted develops feature makes harder survive rattle help snake today agreed rattlesnake rattle serves mainly warn animals harm rattler
rattle rattlesnake unusual device front rattler unblinking eyes deep holes called pits number snakes pits group snakes known pit vipers things rattlesnakes pits inspired wild ideas guessed tear ducts thought pits carry air poison rattlesnake head discovered pits connected nerves pits sensors kind ears common snakes rattlers stone deaf usual hearing later scientists found snake deafness matter listening hearing snakes simply don respond special language air borne sounds early guess pits pit viper tell snake movement air idea kingsley noble experimented rattlesnakes moccasins blindfolding snakes found trick air kinds pit vipers strike jet air pits told direction jet noble stopped let explain pits later happened hear experiments experiments involved snake python
cities walls buildings painted large murals bright decorative flowers garden walls attractive decorations represent interests problems hopes ambitions neighborhoods painted walls wall paintings art form murals painted ago walls inside caves prehistoric artists lived later times began put huge murals walls buildings pictures designs told experiences leaders burst mural art united states mexico today colorful storylike works art appearing american cities latest revival art began chicago artist decided beautify community wanted give neighbors chance tell stories praise leaders express ideas artists chose wall tenement building job prepare surface scraped peeling paint boarded openings primed brick undercoat fresh paint worked talked community leaders felt mural thought finally theme title selected wall respect
kinds graphs show population growth united states graph pictograph pictograph symbols pictures stand idea shown graph line graph graph graph style show thing show population united states population united states graph easier population united states grown steadily graph easier compare number added periods population united states composed ages study population place age groups graph circle pie graph shows population united states age groups circle represents total population united states sections represents number age group age groups largest smallest age groups approximately size graph shows population united states compared population populous nations rest countries named largest population
april spaceship apollo miles earth drawing close moon lunar module attached due land days later astronauts board james lovell jr commander navy captain trips space john swigert jr fred haise jr civilian pilots making space flights looking forward eagerly successful completion trip moon going search rocks dating beginning moon beginning solar system apollo divided parts command module called odyssey central part ship lunar module called aquarius actual landing moon service module contained spaceship main engine command module power systems point systems working perfectly spaceship launched cape kennedy days trip perfect fact going smoothly major television companies covering flight ground crew houston relaxing astronauts merely carrying routine duties preparing quiet uneventful night suddenly changed attention turned apollo
days annie succeeded taming wildcat sufficiently able teach spell teacher hand number words obvious annie helen merely playing game connection mind object word represented word accomplishing connection thought dejection key opening lies language sure helen bright mind seldom spell word hand helen spelled correctly annie realize words stood things annie biggest problems problems determined arrival job helen love trust known success getting words symbols helen let annie embrace person allowed privilege mother problem difficult family easily seen helen whim affliction result completely undisciplined willed wildcat threw tantrums crossed absolutely pleased
instant annie reached room started pulling things wildly hedresser drawers closet tears streaming face ye muffed annie sullivan raged ye lost job worse ye let poor imprisoned child let sure ye bargained locked prison going find try fearsome job fool think helen helen put ye institution captain keller precious relatives telling shut ye sunlight ye love sat bed clothes held head hands knew despair gentle tap door mrs keller face full relief sad eyes full joy miss annie happily reconsidered saw annie face dear sorry sorry annie head fire flashed eyes reconsidered mean intend reconsider fact miss annie beginning success remember morning yes remember annie bitterly think poor helen leave hope
morning helen lightly put hand mouth sign cake annie spelled child hand rebelliously wad tightly fist broaden stiffly slap fell quietly side annie heart torn rejoiced progress apparently turn merely temporary miserable sight homesick girl going door touching cheek mother teach annie thought maybe mind loneliness brought yarn large wooden crochet hook wished helen sit rocker meekly helen drew chair sat quietly annie put yarn hands felt interest crochet hook annie held annie tied knot yarn started stitch helen hand movement moment child nodded head eagerly annie put yarn hook hands took moment guiding fingers helen able stitch bright annie hundredth idea words stand things
according charlie mitchell fifty holidays saturday saturday saturday saturday fifty times baseball turned saturdays holidays saturday raining snowing charlie friends met school playground played baseball breakfast lunch lunch dinner today charlie holidays saturday sun shining eating breakfast phone rang hear mother answering hall sounded excited happy kitchen hurry look sure hurry cousin haven seen girl passing town going spend nice charlie hour mother looking clock lot began clearing dishes table charlie tell wasn asking pancakes thought picked bat glove door mother need help today charlie charlie looked longingly door early mother ok sweep porch run store mow lawn
imagine didn names called numbers wouldn called simple millions number think confusion telephone call operator asked calling think teacher read class roll call thank goodness names names names called surnames surname william patrick fowler middle william fowler middle patrick surnames names family names ago surnames known names born things confusing called alan mean alan father alan son alan son alan alanson alanson separated son father showed part family son john johnson names think end son robinson williamson names handed hundreds person called shepard shepherd fields
pedro sat kitchen floor pushing cars legs bed tonight friday night mama asked yes mama tonight friday night pedro clapped hands papa coming papa coming sang papa comes friday mama mama nodded head pedro bed wash kitchen floor stay till floor dry pedro watched mama fill pail water watched mop slide kitchen floor floor look shiny glad bed kitchen watch mama mama papa home night ana papa comes home night papa mama sighed poor papa hard jobs money eat place live jobs poor poor papa works hard big pedro help papa jobs papa home night yes mama papa home night happen pedro happen door opened manuela carlos ricardo school tonight friday night pedro shouted papa coming
ago animals finished marks plain gray brown color chui leopard fisi hyena hunting saw beautifully painted warriors coming plain wonderful look chui yes agreed fisi wish wear bright colors chui idea let ask colors place beautiful wonderful idea hyena let ask leopard called warriors beautiful watu colors warriors closer called difficult animals dull colors chui warrior fisi colors ohhhh yes animals tell easy laughed warrior war paint ngamu medicine wonderful artist painted ngamu splendid pay pay asked fisi pay don exactly ask asks song lover music hope sing chui singing appreciated hyena
beautiful bay sandy shores favorite resting place wild water birds ducks herons loons feed big ship spilled oil water bay oil black sticky thick tar oil floated shores bay wild birds covered oil wings wild birds heavy stuck feathers flattened soft grows feathers couldn swim fly air smell oil breathing birds sick hundreds oily birds crawled shore lay water panting air lived nearby help birds bob gary hill parents heard television asking help clean oil birds wash gasoline soap water warned cleaners kill birds clean salad oil corn meal bring items soft rags hills drove park bay oil covered birds saw hundreds cleaning birds tables papers spread ground stayed bay rescue birds clean water
george allen proud things birthday george named george washington birthday february feel related want george washington knew lot knew washington general lived virginia feet tall married martha president united states knew washington rode horses war blueskin nelson nelson favorite steady gunfire knew washington ten hunting dogs names tipsey pompey harry maiden lady dutchess drunkard love mopsey pilot breakfast george allen thought didn george mother father grandmother frying eggs kitchen stove grandma george george washington eat breakfast search grandmother put plate fried eggs front george don expect help find george grandmother knew george george wanted find didn rest found didn let rest grandfather ask questions collect books pester answers
astronauts don eat hoecakes breakfast george washington giant griddlecakes paul bunyan mission eat freeze dried foods plastic bags freeze drying special process removes moisture foods quick frozen food treated lasts spoiling lightweight easy pack spacecraft ounce inch count freeze dried food sealed small plastic bags astronaut ready eat special device inject water package water injects replaces original moisture removed food freeze dried food taste fresh food astronaut hot cold water meal hot soups cold drinks food eaten plastic bags special kind spoon liquids sipped tube attached plastic bag foods sandwiches cake prepared bite sized cubes astronaut pop mouth adding water cubed foods coated special gelatin material prevent crumbs breaking floating weightless conditions spacecraft flight breakfast astronaut orange drink toasted bread cubes peaches apricot cereal cubes astronaut adds water orange drink peaches
lived caves fifty thousand ago knew write alphabet written signs cave wanted communicate talk words idea gesture hands head feet cave giving message wasn leave note wife picking berries going hunt write story successful hunt saber toothed tiger early times began pictures magic draw picture animal walls cave sure making picture help catch animal hunting pictures deep inside caves dark important early drew charcoal burnt sticks fire later plants minerals colors paintings brushes wood bone painted inside caves walls cliffs carved pictures rock sharp stone piece ivory
going moon ordinary astronaut silver suit landed moon spaceship find living creatures moon earth sure astronaut stepped ship look air pale light ground glittered jewel sound heard seen sand stone astronaut seen shy quiet moonlings watching astronaut convinced living moon wrote logbook sign finish sentence flittered bit dust soft breeze wasn sure moonling moonlings shy curious astronaut looked carefully suddenly spotted pair eyes stones astronaut excited everying suddenly motion looked astronaut confused bravest moonlings venture aboard spacecraft soon astronaut decided
today space travel seen rockets moon seen pictures astronauts moon ago imagine space travel read fanciful stories trips moon movies invented enjoy adventure stories space movies didn space early moviemakers showed rocket ships equipment wouldn movies moon shown air earth moon shown home fierce creatures today things true ago sure fun watch movie spacemen fighting monsters moon space adventure movie called trip moon france travelers movie reached moon large metal shell fired cannon moon found strange monsters fought monsters umbrellas fell safely earth today happen didn enjoyed watching movie girl moon german film twenty later movie contained scientific facts space travel beginning understand space travel
today travel space landed moon instruments study mars venus travel planets space travel today discoveries scientists lived ago greatest scientists galileo galilei born italy hundred ago galileo father school study medicine galileo grew interested mathematics science doctor teacher science scientist interesting discoveries galileo interested speed falling objects suppose dropped ten pound weight pound weight roof building reach ground galileo thought ten pound weight fall ten times fast pound weight bothered experiment true galileo objects weights fall speed laughed legend galileo decided prove theory public demonstration climbed tower dropped iron balls top ball weighed pound weighed ten pounds hit ground refused believe galileo
towers charlie discovered exist watts section los california built named simon rodia simon rodia poor worked tile setter read heroes marco polo columbus galileo person bad bad remembered maybe simon rodia built towers wanted remembered thirty simon rodia worked building towers simple tools tile setter belt bucket window washer built towers cementing metal pipes steel bedframes things thrown collected tiles bottles seventy thousand sea shells decorate towers age seventy simon rodia completed moved thought crazy building towers children broke tile glass sea shell decorations simon rodia house burned going destroyed forgotten realized wonderful towers wanted save los city building department towers destroyed unsafe engineer showed towers safe building officials satisfied
walked beach collecting stones shells pieces driftwood maybe picked liked patterns textures shapes colors bit imagination create works art objects find beach fact create works art sculptures mobiles dozens objects look things home backyard streets alleys parks school corner store things find part nature seeds twigs find objects instance pick tin cans bottle caps boxes things thrown find objects stores look things cost box straws plastic spoons object natural called found object art artist finder sees beauty interest object create art object chosen artist instance shell covering snail empty tin held fruit vegetables straw drinking want art forget original
arrival spring meant things mrs tebbits meant spring cleaning mrs allen meant planting seeds setting flowers ellen tebbits austine allen spring meant important meant winter underwear girls walking home library warm spring afternoon felt light carefree summer underwear wonderful feeling want exciting library austine lucky find horse books wish ride horse haven ridden horse asked ellen austine sounded impressed yes ellen casually times true ridden times ridden couple times times told truth tell begged austine places true ridden beach father rented horse hour let ellen ride arms waist horse slippery bounced harder comfortable managed hang ridden uncle fred farm uncle fred lifted plow horse lady led barnyard
thaddeus neighborhood house school felt pictures crayons finger paints play ping pong fun days felt days missed going thursday afternoon andrews sing songs guitar songs happy sad children sang andrews thaddeus mouth sing loud listen want miss hearing single boom andrew deep voice single guitar waited sang songs singing thaddeus thought songs heard mamma goes mamma goes mamma goes thaddeus wished wished guitar wonderful sounds singing andrews children crowded andrews boy don think children looked thaddeus thaddeus looked andrews talking mean young fellow inside circle want talk
strangers asked patrick brothers sisters laughed thing patrick brothers sisters kathleen rosemary joseph william patrick michael baby terence brothers sisters counting patrick wasn big red irish setter called rover practically member family black cat named peter canary goldfish turtle patrick liked part big family thing patrick re family cookie jars family sat dinner company night house echoed loud happy noises children joseph practicing violin rosemary playing piano kathleen singing william hammering basement michael listening tv baby terence bouncing ball rover barking canary warbling cage peter purring tell noisy house patrick say dear asked mother didn hear noisy patrick shouted politely yes suppose re agreed mother listen nice cheerful noise re patrick sigh wish cheerful quiet
young king queen liked traveled lot strange lands find princess love queen advisors showed pictures princesses princess pleased heart completely saw picture beautiful dear cried queen princess land silence advisors dear young king sadly true loved talk talk ten hours silent choice land silence silent country young king repeated tried forget princess land silence found impossible thing pleased carried picture took pocket looked thought land silence mind journey land silence princess young king arrived border land silence barrier lay road stood border guard
members convention lucky help solving problems help past ideas events past look governments past worked governments succeeded failed past discovered rules political science rules helped form strong governments rules helped live free times rules things ideas especially important idea greek city athens rome greek idea idea democracy fact word democracy comes greek language means rule democracy government choose laws leaders decide government idea democracy close idea popular consent means consent agree follow laws leaders democracy brings problems change minds say turn say wrong convention knew fair
darius forget athenians persian army landed greek mainland landed miles north athens place plain called marathon athenians frightened runner sparta ask help spartans celebrating religious festival moon full festival athenians face persians help sparta army athens half size persian army persians trained soldiers athenians citizens farmed land ran shops weak cavalry bows arrows athenians things favor free fighting invaders fine general miltiades special greek fighting phalanx look illustration page notice close soldiers phalanx think phalanx smash lines enemy soldiers notice heavy armor greeks miltiades saw win battle persian foot soldiers heavy shields armor greek foot soldiers persians depended bows arrows greeks depended phalanx miltiades planned greek troops past arrows quickly
demos wealthy small shop athens metalworker trade metalworker athens fair living demos proud prouder polis demos citizens athens member assembly assembly meets month citizens attend meetings demos lives city meetings easily easy citizens live country travel miles meetings miss assembly days guards clear marketplace round ropes soaked red dye demos arrive red mark clothes show lazy going assembly pay fine assembly meetings held outdoors begin early morning demos enjoys meetings friends difficult audience speaker speaker boo hiss laugh makes mistakes speaking speaker bad pay fine waste demos votes raising hand
rome founded brothers romulus remus twin sons war god mars wicked uncle king planned kill set babies afloat river basket gods watching babies drown basket floated gently tiber drifted shore wolf drinking river wolf lost cubs looked babies wondered lost cubs eagerly pulled basket took den fed cared babies cubs soon shepherd killed wolf searched cubs surprise cubs found healthy husky babies shepherd took home wife brought sons romulus remus grew brave young band young shepherds farmers follow band decided found city trouble began rule city romulus remus wanted rule agreed let gods decide remus stood top hill called aventine romulus stood top palatine brothers waited sign gods soon vultures flew aventine
etruscans war romans suddenly etruscans moved city romans surprise fled city walls forgot destroy narrow bridge tiber etruscans headed bridge captured etruscan army pour rome young roman soldier rushed bridge horatius knew romans hold stand fight called roman soldiers help terrified size etruscan army break bridge horatius called try hold romans ashamed disobey began chop bridge horatius turned face etruscans dared fight brave face single roman shouted etruscans answered shower spears horatius retreat met etruscans end bridge fighting hero etruscan fell dead wounded romans rushed help comrade looked enemy held longer romans chopping wooden bridge giving bridge falls horatius ordered companions rushed bridge horatius left fought desperately hold enemy
war etruscans lasted young republic fall romans determined freedom laws protect liberty ruler rome tried killed order beaten killed citizen appeal felt punishment unfair hear case romans soon proved need strong ruler depended sense duty discipline obey frightened romans obeyed wanted romans took pride leaders took pride republic regret choice choices romans chosen monarchy monarchy means rule chosen democracy democracy means rule chosen aristocracy oligarchy forms government mean rule let read famous roman statesman choices cicero king king rights small share deciding oligarchy power belong democracy hard rise leaders
emperors worst emperors rome commodus commodus selfish cared enjoying spent trying win glory commodus changed days week commodiana changed rome commodiana favorite entertainment rome public fights gladiators gladiators fought swords commodus liked dress gladiator fight public disgusted romans cheer commodus ordered senators fight dressed purple robe cape gold fringes head wore crown gold set jewels entered senators forced cheer shouted lord victor victor course won gladiators forced let win commodus left government hands friends neglected problems empire roman roads trade routes guarded roads repair trade suffered money empire robbers roamed debts piled taxes increased commodus terrible emperor lawful rid finally murdered generals fought power
order broke ways thinking broke looked ways thought called stoicism rome greece stoics believe gods gods sounded myths gods dishonest changed minds cruel childish respect gods stoics stoics believed divine mind law divine law things found things universe runs according fixed laws change laws greatest wisdom accepting greek thinkers roman stoics believed gift mind mind part divine mind things reason intelligence find calm happy laws laws free slaves equal rich poor accept position accept bitterness universe tiny part things death part natural law stoics taught accept death fear sorrow dies atoms body return earth
greeks gave idea fixed unchanging laws nature natural laws studied understood explained observed changed operation jews christians universe god creation god greater nature laws fact god creator nature laws western culture keeps points view modern sciences based ideas natural laws westerners believe god created laws greeks wonder believed intelligence reason mind reason help find jews christians valued faith reason god creation taught god reason reason learn god faith god obey commandments western culture keeps points view westerners believe faith reason agree important greeks romans duty greeks meant polis romans meant republic empire believed citizen finds serving needs
muhammad began strange dreams understand visions appeared heard voices tell called muslims believe angel gabriel appeared muhammad muhammad later angel gabriel asleep carrying piece silk cloth cloth writing told read told read suddenly angel started choke hard thought going die thing happened end muhammad found read angel message awoke words written heart words la ilaha god allah words written muhammadun muhammad allah prophet muhammad spent rest preaching message arabs believed allah chosen tell believe mission muhammad began preach message mecca told foolish believe gods surrender allah true god muhammad told give careless ways living muhammad message religion islam islam arabic word surrender giving
beginning muhammad intend establish religion simply wanted arabs give stone gods wanted worship true god leaders mecca thought muhammad harmless continued preach arab leaders turned told foolish ignorant mecca dangerous place muhammed followers muhammad fled mecca close friend abu bekr fled arabian city called medina secret journey medina called hegira hegira arabic word departure hegira marks turning point history islam medina muhammad attract followers islam develop religion arabs jews christians living medina muhammad glad believed god spoken early history muhammad god spoke hebrew prophets later god spoke jesus christ god message coming greatest prophets course muhammad muhammad thought jews christians delighted hear message worship god worshipped surprise muhammad learned jews christians message
muhammad believed chosen speak allah muhammad died left place islam died arabs bitter political struggles teachings muhammad continued unite islam muhammad died older muslims met chose leader called caliph caliph muhammad successor caliph ruler prophet muhammad prophets caliph muslims chose abu bekr early days mecca abu bekr muhammad close friend fact muhammad wives abu bekr daughter abu bekr look leader short walked stoop proved caliph abu bekr chance prove trouble coming tribes refused follow caliph promised loyalty muhammad dead obey tribes accepted islam place hoped destroy power muslims civil war broke arabia end war won muslim forces abu bekr peace home islam march fighting arabs start fighting peoples
feudal system based ownership land feudal system developed land western europe control lords early feudal system nearly lords knights lords simply powerful knights power claim land title lord lords lords birth gained lands titles families lord powerful set government western europe hundreds governments lord army knights lord knights defended land raiders highest duty knight lord swore loyal lord swore help needed return knight received piece land lord land called fief lords ladies lived stone castles lord built castle defense able protect attacks enemies build castle towers thick stone walls knights lived castle helped defend peasants lived villages close castle homes small crude huts
middle ages population western europe small land untouched roads poor travel slow dangerous manors worlds surrounded deep dark forests swamps tiny path led forest manor village lord manor forest hunt wild boars deer peasants afraid forest knew robbers hid thought terrible giants goblins witches lived night wolves howled distance peasants shiver tiny fires cottages tell story magic creatures forest story prince turned frog children lost forest captured witch read grimm fairy tales kinds stories peasants tell stories peasants afraid forest castles manor house village middle ages lords ladies knights set style behavior called chivalry chivalry means knights knight boy noble family family lords ladies
ago france twelve daring handsome knights faithfully served mighty emperor charlemagne knights famous brave deeds skill battle dressed shining armor rode emperor france known twelve peers charlemagne times peer companion famous twelve peers young count named roland roland perfect knight feared enemy roland kind generous loved vassals brothers roland evil stepfather named ganelon ganelon jealous roland fame wealth ganelon led roland terrible trap earlier charlemagne forces crossed pyrenees mountains spain defeated troops muslim king battle charlemagne ganelon muslim camp told collect treasures defeated enemy show muslims accepted defeat ganelon plans soon met muslim king told win land tomorrow charlemagne return france ganelon king leave small army guard pass sure army twelve peers vassals forces easily attack pass
ogdai death mongols number khans strong leaders continue mongol conquests conquered lands middle east khan elected kublai khan nephew ogdai kublai boy grandfather genghis died kublai taught chinese scholars learned arts civilization interested ruling destroying reign kublai khan golden age mongol empire kublai khan moved capital mongolia ancient chinese city peking built palaces court splendid comparison marco polo europe visit khan court jewel east reign kublai khan began wave mongol conquest mongol empire extended southern china largest empire ruled single person victorious mongol armies beginning change cruel defeated cities slaughtered chinese city held mongols kublai impressed promised defenders safety surrender surrendered spared kublai khan mongol empire finally reached limit large governed
especially important branches civilization china india islam latin christendom reading branch civilization dominated earlier times entirely happen human adventure lead latin christendom develop civilization western europe suppose ask clever living play guessing game ask guess branch civilization powerful branch guess clever want consider question points view friend begin taking geographer point view think locations branches civilization remember china india latin christendom edges civilized islam center remember islam covered territory geographer point view guess islam friend economist point view say islam advantage gateway africa asia europe favorable trade routes prosperous trade economist point view guess islam
latin christendom western europe eager learn older civilizations gained knowledge skills cultures adopted ways thinking things story seen human adventure ideas older civilizations change civilization result greeks took ideas middle eastern civilizations arabs took ideas persians greeks latin christendom ideas islam ancient greece rome western europe young civilization willing change young civilizations ready copy experiment western europeans inherited roman ideas christian ideas sets ideas part heritage tradition middle ages lived mainly christian part heritage centuries rediscovered roman part heritage read manuscripts written ancient greeks romans studied ancient statues architecture historians movement special call revival learning renaissance renaissance french word means rebirth renaissance learning culture greece rome born revival learning soon led feeling tension
course west southwest saw water voyage sailors saw sandpipers green plant ship crew pinta saw cane pole floating ocean took water small pole iron tools took piece cane land plant small board crew nina saw signs land small branch covered berries rejoiced signs sunset columbus returned original westward course ships rate twelve miles hour hours midnight ninety miles ten clock columbus standing deck santa maria saw light say land called pedro gutierrez told light asked look pedro saw light columbus thing rodrigo sanchez sanchez columbus spoken saw light wax candle rising falling land columbus wanted land close asked look watch carefully land cry saw land columbus promised silk shirt rewards
ship boats bringing parrots cotton threads darts things exchange gifts gave glass beads small bells took gave saw young thirty handsome hair short coarse wear brought eyebrows pieces wear cut paint black black white paint white red color find paint faces paint body paint round eyes nose height size looking faces saw marks wounds bodies signs ask nearby islands attacked defended believe mainland prisoners indians intelligent servants saw quickly understood saw animals kind parrots island learned knows spell columbus learned want information columbus voyage journal historical evidence
saga told viking named bjarni wanted travel norway greenland father voyage bjarni caught storm going greenland labrador bjarni stay labrador greenland greenland bjarni told lands seen west viking leif ericson interested lands bjarni leif bought bjarni ship looked mysterious land west journey found labrador trees labrador leif called markland mark means wood viking language labrador leif traveled newfoundland according viking saga leif named vinland grapevines growing leif returned greenland thorvald brother interested vinland thorvald took leif ship returned vinland thirty unlike bjarni leif thornvald return greenland skraellings killed skraellings viking word indians defined saga learned bjarni leif ericson thorvald think saga historical evidence prove vikings columbus kinds evidence information need believe map found recently shows vikings knew columbus voyage
minstrels singing robin hood merry english fact europeans lived small country villages nearly village part manor manor large block land rolling meadows thick forests acres farmland house lord owned village lived peasants worked manor produced food things needed support lord family peasants worked land allowed lord tenants return land peasants owed lord services week land harvest help crops give part crops lord tenant tenant king according law king claimed land country large parts divided rest lords agreed side case war lords received large areas land king return loyalty called vassals lord king vassal agreed things return land
remember europe lived manor seen ordinary lived simple lives raised food things needed yearly fairs visits traveling merchants minstrels contact wonderful civilizations asia europe knew shut high mountains plains burning deserts moslem pirates swarming mediterranean sea travel water dangerous early times silk things asia found europe twelfth century crusades increased trade east hundred crusaders traveled europe east saw bazaars east strange beautiful things dreamed existed saw finely woven fabrics beautiful rugs sweet smelling perfumes ivory precious stones delicious fruits fragrant spices beautiful things gave europe tastes food fashions clothes ideas comfort homes crusaders returned europe wanted things saw east chance trade merchants soon bringing europe luxuries east overland journeys asia trains slow moving camels carrying large boxes goods
merchants venice maffeo niccolo polo heard riches cathay china called days decided journey set venice took niccolo young son marco boy seventeen polos crossed mediterranean sea constantinople traveled land horses camels foot saw things wonderful known europe traveled finally reached court kublai khan emperor ruled china marco father uncle lived court kublai khan seventeen emperor took special interest marco official court asked marco journeys parts empire wide marco traveled lands khan lands strange places european marco remembered saw countries traveled escaped keen eyes gathered deal information lands east polos felt longing return home farewell khan tiring journey arrived venice news marco strange adventures east spread venice visit tired listening stories wonders east
cortez conquest mexico completely changed history spanish spaniards settled america happy gold silver found wanted regions spain living hard left empty tens thousands spaniards owners huge estates called encomiendas serve officials king queen merchants skilled craftsmen farmers brought horses cattle sheep pigs seeds grain cotton vegetables wanted share promised riches land claimed spain colony spain meant spain govern ruled representatives king queen called viceroys reported directly royal council spain meant things grown manufactured spanish colonists spain enrich spanish government wealthy businessmen spain thought conquered indians supply hard labor needed mines huge estates unexpected happened indians looked strong healthy slaves
fisherman set small stations shore dry fish began trading iroquois tribes furs fur trade profitable big businessmen france competing control money making trade french king henry iv wanted claim land america send frenchmen live let known company businessmen wanted control fur trade found colony america french businessmen jumped chance increased wealth formed company purpose starting colony thing company send expert geography look country furs chosen samuel de champlain champlain voyage america european settlement eastern seaboard north america north spanish outposts florida champlain spent months going area forms eastern part canada returned france report wonderful country ocean stirred excitement ships america champlain king geographer explored country st lawrence river nova scotia land southwest soon known england
country working folks land comes prices cheap ten pounds high hundred pounds depending location richness grows expensive coming europe arrived rented brick house hundred acres land mile chester pennsylvania traveled country looking land buy finally bought hundred acres paid hundred fifty pounds excellent land small house orchard planted hundred acres wheat acres rye season going clear land spring planting expert plowman boys young twelve lot plowing plow fields crop oats barley flax hemp indian corn buckwheat planted bushel white potatoes gave crop ten bushels fact country large harvests kinds plentiful country hard land rich fruit nearly house apple peach cherry orchard
boom boom boom elena sanchez ran green slope buena vista hill narrow path leading family white adobe house boom boom boom sky trees grass white capped waves bay echo strange sounds elena ran ran breath reached home met mother coming market senora sanchez looked excited elena thought looked sad noises happening town elena asked mother don worry dear senora sanchez noises hear guns ship anchored bay firing salute americans arrived yerba buena town longer ruled mexico part united states rest california united states government rule yerba buena surprise decided change yerba buena going call san francisco california part united states elena family saw sleepy village yerba buena grew busy town san francisco buildings put weekly newspapers started town government formed elected mayor help
slavery existed america colonial times slaves america west africans captured wars sold slave traders slave traders took prisoners sold slaves property owners house servants workers large farms owners treated slaves cruelly happen slaves valuable sick slave hurt valuable owners treated slaves badly ways thought matter sold husbands children wives mothers allow slaves learn read write parts americas slavery strong hold farms small industry important slave labor cost keeping slaves greater profits labor northern states country abolished slavery countries freed slaves americas cuba brazil southern states united states allowed slavery southern part united states farming remained important north began turn industry profitable farms south huge plantations grew cotton rice tobacco sugar crops needed constant care
bill martha sullivan left home boston west settled village shore lake michigan called chicago fort ten houses general store bill martha started small farm chicago slow peaceful sullivan children grown chicago changed bill martha recognize village railroads chicago crossroads connecting east west north south soon spider web railroad tracks met chicago factories built products raw materials shipped chicago train soon huge meat packing plants steel mills factory tin cans railroad cars factory think things bill martha heard chicago changing changing sullivans factories springing farm sullivans guessed going live chicago farmers sold land bill job steel mill hard maybe harder farming bill worked fourteen hours heat blast furnaces protection danger red hot steel
roosevelt war hero war elected vice president united states months later president mckinley assassinated roosevelt president president roosevelt tried kinds national government jones la making city government roosevelt believed job national government help ways called program square deal meant wanted chance didn want businesses cheat roosevelt ideas national government presidents believed government shouldn interfere business government certainly cities la roosevelt wanted government help control business fair treatment set special committees wisconsin control railroads businesses national government control country roosevelt saw city governments sure safe meat food pure medicines roosevelt asked congress give government power set standards food drugs congress passed pure food drug act foods medicines meet government standards product sold
civil war ended large cities grew united states overnight immigrants europe poured america increasing population making cities sleepy towns urban giants older cities war ii ended cities grew rapidly growth happened part city grew suburbs suburbs ring towns large city families afford buy houses decided leave crowded dirty cities live open spaces liked idea owning family house renting small apartment building families lived liked yards trees grass children play moved suburbs children bright modern schools moved suburbs needed cities drove cars cities shop theaters museums restaurants night drove homes suburbs stayed cities liked excitement convenience moved suburbs wanted lived cities couldn afford buy homes cars
bosnywash biggest crowded megalopolis transportation bosnywash problem transportation problem worst york city population york grew railroads subways highways bridges tunnels handle huge increase traffic larger population meant trade travel harbors airports small city depends transportation system move goods system transportation city die government york city knew things tried help york city studied transportation decided city faced problems lack money city money improve railroads harbors airports highways problem cities towns york highways harbors airports railroads roads leading city passed towns york decided lane highway lane highway towns road agree plan agree pay part cost government york city took problem government york faced problems tried improve city transportation money needs
twenty days inside hector getting going easy wall hector hector tried kicking move legs curled tightly jammed wall crowded small space thing hector move head head break wall needed sharp point hole course tooth tooth tool hector tooth needed eating food big yellow food bag gotten tube tummy tooth going handy hector pulled head pushed tooth wall hard push push push happened hector tried push push push hector happy things working crowded thought maybe stay put thought sure stay
egg hatched saw joe champigny backyard talk hey joe guess hatched egg duck joe asked nope turkey nope give hint legs joe looked wrinkled face ducks wasn going told dinosaur real live dinosaur think aw joe kidding honest look horns face street backyard squatted dinosaur nest joe didn eyes dark jeepers big lizard poisonous sure looks poisonous don thought ask dr ziemer dinosaur joe champigny big lizard idea dinosaur anyway dr ziemer dr ziemer works museum knows dinosaurs things knew egg going hatch knew kind egg think joe
york colony began settlement dutch colonists fort orange albany dutch bought manhattan island indians twenty dollars settlement started called amsterdam dutch settlements grew rapidly lived colony named netherlands settlers dutch english puritans french protestants called huguenots colony dutch colony growing british colonies north south position british government viewed amsterdam alarm british king claimed part atlantic coast gave island land connecticut river delaware bay brother duke york british ships amsterdam sure gift delivered dutch unable defend amsterdam surrendered recognized english claim colony changed york honor duke fort orange renamed albany territory colony jersey originally part dutch colony netherlands british conquered dutch colony duke york gave part granted land delaware hudson rivers friends john berkeley george carteret
south carolina interest finding sell shared colonies colonists wanted buy things preferred buy europe needed muskets gunpowder tools dishes furniture medicines books things buy things took money find sell order money english colonies depended heavily fur trade supply money needed massachusetts settlers lengths develop fur trade quickly supply furs nearby woods discovered coastal indians skilled producing wampum form indian money drilling holes sections small sea shells shells strung thin leather strip wampum highly valued indians maine coast supply furs large settlers traded local indians wampum sailed coast maine small boats traded wampum furs hides shipped furs hides britain fur traders massachusetts explore connecticut river valley favorable reports conditions valley led puritan settlements connecticut yorkers carried profitable fur trade iroquois indians
western culture influenced cultures middle east astronomy arithmetic owe ancient babylonians western culture received main religions judaism christianity middle east culture religion arose middle east culture religion islam islamic empire centered middle east preserved valuable knowledge western europe uncivilized roman empire west broke middle east vitally important thousands bridge east west trade europe asia passed middle east crossroads silks porcelain spices tea gold silver jewels course ideas passed crossroads middle east important history remains important areas today days air travel middle east link places asia africa europe recent technological advances added economic importance middle east country needs oil industry transportation middle east largest known deposits oil means middle east important strategically important military point view superpowers soviet union united states concerned area
beginning smaller period end sentence grew adult million times big size start grow answer food food makes grow food helps develop answer questions word nutrients heard word names nutrients proteins carbohydrates fats minerals vitamins water nutrients body grow develop body nutrients healthy foods nutrients help ways nutrients body needs found plain ordinary food read heard word nutrition word mean nutrition science studies food affects health nutrition study nutrients nutritious foods foods nutrients help ways help grow develop healthy lesson learned food groups called basic health need eat foods groups order nutrients nutrients food groups
think minute person admire person appearance difference looks important notice appearance food eat difference look look teen agers concerned skin hair growing changing oil glands active blackheads pimples show foods help skin clear smooth clearer complexion avoid greasy oily rich foods skin hair food eat healthy look attractive skin hair oily teen age need extra washing care size shape determined partly family background improve strength health body eating kinds food improve figure food affects act school sports social activities eating special foods fish smarter believe eating foods proper amounts give energy need school learning hard need food help
food quacks pretend health food quack salesman doctor tell scientist food specialist food quack give lecture talk radio television door person claims head organization important sounding magic word doctor organization exist chances doctor place says received training exist food quack promises things medical doctors tries believe regular doctors keeping helping claims cures kinds illnesses special foods vitamins medicines insists need spending extra money vitamins minerals body need wasteful dangerous eating foods basic nutrients need health listen food quack remember facts ideas wrong sales pitch appeal making forget real facts health disease facts persuaded buy food quack products
girl moved hall call al wasn saw report card found alexandra hates lived lot places lived coast places heard ellay al explained short los california lot smog airplane lot times goes bring plastic dishes jelly stuff give airplane hollywood saw making movie doris autograph dopey guy plays dope makes sick dope al disneyland thousand times al fat side didn fair skinny side father says wasn walks stiff german soldier pigtails
queenie peavy girl cotton junction chew tobacco spit deadly aim number things considerable degree accuracy unworthy attention eighth grade month hanley principal county high school office dozen times shocking absolutely shocking waited reply pulled ragged sock tops variety complaints didn realize girls things sounding couldn believe exclaimed throwing rocks boiler room door target queenie adding boastful tone hit latchstring ten times ten brag perfect score queenie surprised impressed cravey mason hit fight owed nickel bet hanley ashamed throwing rocks gambling fighting afterward ashamed monday hid tree dropped handful chinaberries miss shelby head queenie matter factly didn
henry harris reed journal private property case lost return care uncle alfred harris rd grover corner princeton send spend postage important going book publish guess explain happen flying san francisco father diplomatic service summer living naples flew united states spent summer uncle al aunt mabel grover corner jersey lot fun guess aunt uncle didn mind invited summer crossing atlantic ocean months ago father transferred manila flying pacific arrive san francisco journal report school opened miss prescott english teacher complain pages sort grimy says keeps journal wash hands writing meals
phrases found slips paper house icebox bathroom shelf cookie jar longer shock wife young uns found reckoned plumb addled head discombobulated bored simples worried mightily handy leather thongs tie final break slobbering mad learned ignore slips paper words author involves clock watch characters books constant sifting incidents add plotted actions folks idea whams short ribs matter write piece paper lessen forget middle night sleet slaps steady blows windowpanes bed body snug blankets dandy warm indoors mind wandering keeping mental eye grandmother children gathering tansy skullcap tonic singing ballad darby ram children don hear soft rustling woods
juan oritz raced shipmates burning florida sands ahead prize letter held split end upright cane suddenly rasping metallic shriek water bay juan whirled stared horror anchor spanish brigantine hauled chain clanked sails flapped place filled spaniards ran water screaming slowly brigantine rocked open sea don leave cried juan holy mother don leave savages sank knees reached pleading hand groans despair deep body trembled brigantine sailed naked raced hiding places seized sailors juan captor dragged feet brought face close boy face dark stained paint scarred tattoo marks juan ortiz companions held captive tortured juan companions died saved chief daughter burned alive juan lived slave indians constantly watched frequently tormented chief hatred juan white abated determined kill spanish slave chief daughter helped juan enabling escape province chief mococo promised adopted tribe
davy set pot cook supper blankets cover night brought lost sitting woods crying walked queersome hot cold wind blew wonderful air cattail fluff wouldn float sky striped green white grass snake ground shook growled hiccupped crockett tried hurry anxious family ground rough torn trees lay barring dodge twist turn hop duck times davy met coming place earth wrinkled skin dried apple cracks ran cracks wide jump davy walk miles biggest crack widened widened widest part island island huckleberry bushes baby deer fawn bleated davy pitifully shame davy whirlwind fawn crack
slightly bigger knows wouldn drowned bobbed light bubble whirls water snorting spitting popped head surface floated cork swiftly carried current fun sister going wonder looked discovered cake tin basket afloat hesitation knew cakes left chose basket clambered aboard nice examining cutting couple skeins curled angora wool sleep basket sailed house aground middle inlet basket drifted shoreward reeds finally stopped mud didn wake sound sleeper didn wake fishhook flying caught basket jerk line tightened slowly pulled home dear reader prepare surprise chance coincidence strange things knowing business moomin family snufkin happened arrive inlet midsummer eve snufkin green hat stood shore stared basket caught
herbert type finger took ask portable electronic brain question knew answer knew average rainfall brazil chief exports central america feet mile answers questions herbert ask answers homework monday hurry question refused answer herbert typed elmwood small plastic screen answers appeared remained vacant guess herbert boys run questions ask pete donny chuck thought fun kick football herbert reading book instructions portable electronic brain found smart machine think play games portable electronic brain play chess checkers extraordinary juggle small steel rod top herbert overlooked small steel rod unpacked portable electronic brain ran downstairs porch found slender rod wrapped strong paper bottom crate upstairs dashed cried
wizard david thought terribly polite polite david polite didn trust wizard sincerely sad looking david forgot distrust put hand sorry boy shake hand hand whisked goodness knows trouble magic wants thought david magicians masters magic heard wrong wizard magic supreme belongs master magic david leilah master mage wonderful wizard nameless asked leilah course wizard spoke call called reason vanished worse worse leilah things wizard mysteriously asked david stuck track told speaking wouldn wizard remember remember gestured park
ax bag beans needs sets wilderness amos seat violet shivered amos easy talk wilderness comfort big house companionship servants slaves environment past dared think longingly amos lead heart full confidence undivided affection climbed seat cart started road jaffrey april morning violet trust cart treasured plants root lilac japonica seedling lily valley pips yellow tea rose heard stories going live wilderness lives country edge atlantic reached knew fearful amos read bible wilderness blossom rose felt fearful violet feeling bible words read knew willingness heart
sun westering dipping steep combe sheltered home steading rounded whale backed masses downs pooled feathered coolness shadows stunted tree reaching half hillside rise hollow land show sun high casting liquid shadow gold family cattleground head combe shade farther combe broadened turf roofs steading drying summer heat glowed tawny hound coat sunlight smoke house place fire blue fluttering haze flower heads flax plot trotted entered steading garth weak place knew thorn hedge going round gateway faced corn land combe byre shelter ox plough drustic hunting sign farmland scarcely home dusk mother grandfather blai reached wall house place saw familiar strip warm darkness roof turf rolled let air light idea suddenly woke fun drop earwig thatch
interested weather reasons cold blustery days bundle snug clothing bright warm days invite beaches swimming pools parks playgrounds need gentle rains water grass trees crops welcome sunshine ripens foods harvest weather place climate means hot cold short summers winters rain receives climates warm cold wet dry general lands equator warmest climates sun shines directly equator north south climate cooler conditions affect climate oceans large bodies water help change climate neighboring lands water heats slowly land cools slowly winds blowing ocean large body water lands warmer winters cooler summers winds ocean bring water land warm air hold water cool air warm ocean winds pass land grow cool moisture falls rain snow climate place affected altitude height sea level
earth home billion persons live continents islands vary greatly appearance dress ways working living person ways live north america called north american known live virginian kansan pennsylvanian nebraskan individuals tall short medium height dark fair red haired peoples according differences appearance divided groups called races races consist light skins dark skins yellow copper colored skins north america light skins belong races europe light skins africa dark skins asia yellow skins greatly outnumber races inhabitants australia light skins races inhabited earth thousands scientists tell races differ ways alike population map shows parts densely thickly populated
reach middle east united states air traveler flies eastward atlantic ocean airplane passes narrow strait gibraltar europe africa comes mediterranean sea sides mediterranean lands spread map north countries europe south sands rocks sahara vast desert north africa desert continues unbroken peninsula arabia asia peninsula desert land middle east region asia africa europe meet middle east egypt small piece turkey lies europe asia turkey countries middle east iran iraq syria lebanon israel jordan saudi arabia yemen included middle east small territories arabian peninsula egypt north africa closely related asian neighbors middle east covers area fourths large fifty states united states vast region hot dry desert receives rain areas traveler days seeing blade grass watered river valleys fertile valleys nile river egypt
extending southward continent asia peninsula india peninsula half large mainland united states peninsula today divided nations republic india republic pakistan republic india lies south himalaya mountains covers large part peninsula pakistan parts west pakistan northwestern part peninsula east pakistan thousand miles east find parts pakistan republic india map page north peninsula lands afghanistan nepal bhutan map page shows peninsula republics india pakistan located shaped triangle large land mass early times shut rest asia north himalayas highest mountains rise wall mountains wide desert lands form western boundaries peninsula southward peninsula grows narrower bay bengal east arabian sea west wash india coasts southeast indian ocean lies beautiful island ceylon rivers arise mountains pour plains northern india ganges fifteen hundred miles moves india bay bengal
countries located southeast asia burma thailand north vietnam south vietnam laos cambodia federation malaysia countries southeast asia alike size climate occupations learn differences map shows large rivers flow south countries burma irrawaddy thailand menam vietnam mekong live valleys rivers streams joining monsoon winds control climate countries indian peninsula monsoon winds bring rain lower parts river valleys lose moisture reach northern areas burma thailand rice growing countries grassy plains north mountain slopes rivers thick forests jungles cities rangoon bangkok tropics climate hot southeast asia look asia malay peninsula densely populated groups live malaya called melting pot asia burma part india british burma colony govern affairs burma complete independence republic
china country civilized ways living developed thousands ago recent china undergone today chinas large area continent asia called chinese republic island formosa called taiwan nationalist china republic china discussion china refer area continent asia china covers asia pacific ocean east china himalayas highest mountains rise south plateaus deserts lie west china watered rivers hwang ho north yangtze kiang south area rivers branches flow densely populated regions earth nearly fourth live china china early history reasons scientists studied china ancient lands early records chinese wooden tablets rotted contrast writings stone baked clay egypt mesopotamia lasted thousands dry climate countries china tells civilized early period mankind history
feudal system widespread western europe lasted purpose give protection disorder germanic tribes north fought south search homes settled parts western europe leaders called kings unable order areas regular armies send enemies armies roads kings appointed nobles defend parts kingdoms payment help kings gave portions land return nobles promised send soldiers help king times danger noble turn divided land called landlord lord lord gave land promised help lord called received land lord vassal vassal lord aid needed land granted called feud fief feudalism based operation lord help received fiefs turn received fief protected troops lord system worked king peasant help give help needed
spanish port palos busy place august evening loading supplies sailing ships captain urging waste ships sail west bound indies lands east dawn vessels glided sea soon reached canary islands northwest coast africa repaired ships took fresh food water trip ahead september captain pronounced ships ready ordered sails spread called westward course sailing direction believed fleet sail directly indies sailors vessels westward course searched horizon land saw wanted return spain captain believed charted course wisely return sailed glad signs land appeared saw floating branch berries drifting wood spirits rose early morning october joyful cry land land ships drew coast copper skinned meet captain sure reached indies called indians going ashore planted spanish flag land took possession king queen spain
spain portugal farmers miners fishermen cities factories spanish earn living land spend hours tending vineyards groves olive orange trees fields grain vegetables sugar cane spain products nearly large supply nation needs spain import bring countries large quantities food spain lacks level land fertile watered produce food need water irrigation fertilizer enrich soil spain today beginning land mining important occupation iron important ore mined spanish spain coal fire furnaces steel nation iron ore exported britain port bilbao progress nation full resources produce need products home cheaper imported spain needs transportation railroads highways costly build mountainous country depend ox donkey carry loads coasts fish living waters mediterranean atlantic catch sardines codfish tuna
facing winds waves atlantic island ireland farthest west large division europe irish related scots irish language similar scottish irish language called gaelic official language irish short angles saxons britain priest named patrick ireland missionary missionaries brought christian faith irish patrick beloved saint patrick favorite ireland irish tell saint patrick drove snakes ireland attended saint patrick celebrations hundred duke william normandy england irish chief driven land england ask help english king henry ii king france henry lords defeat chief enemies return english lords received large estates ireland henry ii ireland later found easy persuade english lords ireland swear loyalty granted lands friends english nobles settled ireland later english king called king ireland king england english kings wished ireland england irish clansmen cattle raisers townsmen farmers ways agree
traveler eat evening meal london train night boat side north sea breakfast land belgium netherlands farther inland small country luxembourg smallest nations continent europe find belgium netherlands luxembourg map page part broad plain extends north central part europe plain sea level lands called low countries small part belgium sea level area protected dikes banks earth waters sea fourth netherlands water dikes fourth lies level waves parts belgium luxembourg lie higher land deep valleys cut luxembourg mountains northern part lowland north belgium flow main rivers rhine river called meuse french maas dutch rivers fine waterways ships carrying cargoes inland cities sea ancient times streams ocean ocean tides slowed river current mud clay rivers dropped bottom blocked water courses
place denmark fifty miles sea makes climate cool summer warm winter country coast line fishing grounds denmark poor country soil growing wheat grains hard danes living danish scientists studied country resources decided denmark dairy country plan show schools established teach young operate dairies dairying requires general farming brings profit makes soil rich danish farmers plant clover crops feed cows soil fed cows heavy producers milk danes butter eagerly bought english butter canned shipped tropical countries distant places denmark famous products cheese pork eggs exported saying danish farmer egg sends abroad millions eggs abroad join danish ham bacon english breakfast tables denmark schools train young farming methods
important countries pacific ocean lie south equator southern hemisphere australia zealand north south america explored settled mass land southeast asia lay entirely unknown europeans thousands australia called continent size cut parts primitive lived stone age animals found dutch explorers learned large island south pacific called terra australia means southern land dutch later named land holland attract place live english officer captain james cook eastern coast holland took possession britain tract land called south wales sir joseph banks student botany science plants sir joseph found plants captain cook called harbor ship anchored botany bay later britain decided rid group lawbreakers sending country australia built settlement beautiful inlet sydney stands
africa shaped triangle widest part north equator crosses africa midway north south means africa tropics northern southern parts lie middle latitudes temperate climate parts white live north africa cradles civilization mediterranean climate favorable early egypt developed carthage grew rome cities arabs swept rome power destroyed settled hundred ago explorers found interior central part africa gave knowledge interior continent explorers seen coasts early explorers tried deep continent met obstacles south atlas mountains vast waste land called sahara live desert trouble camel caravans move oasis oasis sahara shut north africa central africa white found hot rainy climate central africa unhealthful bite sting insects brought disease dense forests hard travel crocodiles rivers beasts prey land
dr david livingstone visited africa hundred ago continent unknown white explorers braved rapids rivers equatorial jungles soon continent colonized europeans today africa governing forty independent nations looking hopefully future africans free trying place modern realize problems greatest problems need government govern nation requires educated leaders enforce laws citizens educated order elect capable lawmakers officials parts africa today ten persons read write young nations badly need schools teachers need doctors nurses hospitals africa africans die thirty lack adequate medical care important problem need food supply africa farmers learn modern methods farming raise crops help lift health standards products areas similar nations trade compete markets result farming trade problems nations money develop natural resources fully
understand environment live environment setting surrounded objects natural conditions environment help shape lives let environment affects look globe represents large masses land rising water covering largest land masses called continents continents antarctica living centuries continents longest record presence asia africa europe scientists believe continents north america south america australia occupied shorter period reason believe north america twenty thousand ago scientists believe lived africa nearly million continents struggled living earth continents soils land surface dense vegetation extremes temperature caused difficulty conditions snow rain hard develop comfortable living places places land surface soils climate favorable gained efforts
ways living common study ways live understand total environment mankind living ways grouped groups based social ties parts live groups called tribes clans blood ties descendents ancestors call family indian tribe called indian family scottish clans called scottish families relatives grandparents aunts uncles cousins smaller family group smaller group household live family roof interesting word think house hold parents children family living household important cultural factors environment kind family smallest effective transmitter culture mean passing younger heritage past human families families living creatures young animals separated mothers early age children staying families longer length prepared adulthood parents give instructions basic ways living ideas rules values important cultural foundations transmitted young families
tigris euphrates rivers rise high rugged mountains north northwest present iraq ancient iraq mesopotamia means land rivers locate early riverine culture home map page spring early summer snow melts mountains rivers slowly fill widen rise flood stage thousands rivers flooded land banks flood waters move southward persian gulf silt loose soil carried rivers spread land rivers built vast flood plain rich soil passing flood stage lakes snowfields high mountains continue feed rivers late summer fall water flows riverbeds emptying persian gulf rivers join pass region marshland tigris euphrates rivers migrant streams rivers begin flow dry regions rivers region mesopotamia completely dry driest climates modern city bagdad yearly average rainfall inches inches fall summer growing season reason arid climate lies nature weather pattern part
easy fix change middle ages modern renaissance begin countries europe began italy spread later parts europe affected renaissance began middle ages renaissance period universities founded universities began middle ages ways living middle ages continued suddenly change system serfdom close european countries final middle ages serfs freed russia general renaissance western europe lasted hundred lasted renaissance rebirth learning gradually developed changed caused growth cities towns late middle ages freed feudalism think past plan future cultures past helped build culture renaissance rediscovery discovery renaissance rediscovered ideas greeks romans ancient peoples interested art architecture ancient
specialized textile factories built attendants needed threads break workmen trained job quickly machines stop manufacture metal spinning machines looms led increase iron rise demand iron called increase number mines improvement mining methods rise production manufactured goods population western europe rose reasons increase population discovery brought foods potato europe improvements living conditions foods helped healthier free disease england change agricultural nation industrial nation nation factories industrial towns depend countries food supplies paid foods manufactured goods change england called industrial revolution machinery spread countries times growth depended conditions natural resources country problems industrial revolution factory system producing goods brought lived worked skilled craftsmen entire product resented factory took customers
region shown map page desert land dry region extends east north africa southwest asia map shows mountain plateau areas rivers start cross region nile crosses entire width desert lands desert lands large area called dry culture region north africa eleven nations lie wholly partly dry region locate southwest asia dry lands stretch arabian peninsula neighboring countries notice nations north africa southwest asia border mediterranean coastal strip centers heaviest population north africa vast stretch dry land south population belt mediterranean called sahara sahara comes arabic word sahra means desert sahara largest desert size square miles sahara stretches atlantic ocean red sea length miles average width miles map page shows sahara large united states notice distance western end eastward red sea greater distance san francisco york sahara kinds landforms
matching efforts diligent hard working farmers supply overcrowded nation food fishermen japan japanese look sea supply proteins needed diet maintain health average person japan consumes pounds meat animals eats pounds fish furnish million fish full fishermen japan added half million combine fishing farming thousands fishing villages dot broken coastline island nation coastline japan generously sprinkled deep sheltered bays steep coves navigable inlets coastline japan broken jagged continental united states places japanese fishermen set sail reap harvest sea harbors provide haven vessels fishing fleet small craft shallow waters islands fishing ships large vessels capable staying sea days weeks learned farmer japan leaves undone efforts full land inhabitants fishing villages wasted illustration procedure live seaside towns coast japan
dry culture region found settlements nile tigris euphrates river valleys learned simplest ways locate region find watered river valleys eastern part mainland asia region major rivers highest mountains millions live watered river valleys eastern asia china india southeast asia riverine culture rivers eastern asia mentioned locate map page notice rivers start mountains interior trace rivers sources flow outward china sea indian ocean rivers found mainland china called huang ho yellow river clockwise order hwang ho locate yangtze si rivers yangtze empties east china sea si south china sea locate red river flows north vietnam mekong river serves part western boundary laos farther downstream serves waterway cambodia thailand famous river menam burma river highway irrawaddy brahmaputray starts himalaya mountains flows southward east pakistan
indian continent large physical geographic regions countries india pakistan ceylon locate nations map page india sixth largest country divides pakistan east pakistan west pakistan island country ceylon treated part indian continent separated indian land mass shallow strait indian land mass forms rough triangle sides peninsula water arabian sea west bay bengal east south indian land mass lies indian ocean northern side triangle lie towering himalaya mountains himalayas form highest mountain range western end range pamir knot appears relief map jumbled mass rock west sulaiman kirthar mountain ranges extend southwestward himalayas arabian sea eastern end high snowcapped himalayas baral arakan yoma ranges branch ranges extend southward southeastward bay bengal mountain ranges form huge mountain wall mountain wall separates indian continent rest asian continent physical features help seal indian land mass asian continent
culture region union soviet socialist republics largest country order grasp size region study globe map look land rises water makes sixth land earth nation stretches arctic ocean north black caspian seas china south extends baltic sea west pacific ocean east equal size canada united states mexico combined distance city riga baltic sea west cape dezhnev bering strait east miles distance nation distance continental united states grasp size union soviet socialist republics look differences riga cape dezhnev clock morning riga clock evening cape dezhnev united states hour difference west east coasts richest countries reserves petroleum iron ore precious minerals coal timber agricultural land live vast expanse territory
group calling bolsheviks took leadership important soviets seizing control soviets bolsheviks seized control country bolshevik party led nicolai lenin later changed communist party communist party seized control government continues rule soviet union today soviet union governed organizations communist party government communist party political party russia power party determines policies country government puts policies party action party supervises controls activities government leader communist party party chairman leader soviet union council ministers forms executive branch government real government russia council consists premier deputy premiers ministers premiers republics communist party selects members council leader communist party premier dictator government soviet union supreme soviet legislative branch government representatives elected supreme soviet composed chambers soviet nationalities republics principal subdivisions represented members chamber
dispersal diversity development regional characteristics europe understanding words help study europe study word carefully think words read chapters europe understand meaning words importance describing europe word dispersal comes latin word means scatter spread separate parts descendants dispersed europe dispersal means spread parts addition ideas ways living dispersed language customs foods europe ancestors word diversity language latin word diversus means add letters ity part latin word divers word means variety difference unlikeness read countries europe regions understand diversity word describe europe words development familiar heard ways instance mind body ideas developing look grade body grown
australia zealand largest islands pacific australia largest island called island continent australia neighboring island tasmania zealand members british commonwealth nations english speaking nations climate sections similar found sections country wear type clothing wear modern cities located large island nations land benefited modern progress lands surrounded water native peoples developed ways living neighbors borrow ideas isolation lands caused unique vegetation animals regionalizing features australia zealand unique animal uniqueness result isolation islands asian land mass isolation zealand preserved kiwi moa tuatara coming european settlers brought dogs cats sheep pigs zealand domestic animals meant end species native animals fortunately rare animals survived small islands protected law marsupials pouched animals young born alive undeveloped born live pouch mother body feeding milk able care
zealand settled common cultural heritage slightly resembles australia earliest settlements zealand sponsored churches dunedin settled canterbury settled church colonies today important modern cities early colonists zealand found climate england climate mild plenty rain land rugged higher heavily forested england settlers found plenty wood building houses found level gently rolling areas excellent familiar english crops wheat oats hay barley cattle sheep thrived nutritious grass zealand cattle sheep raising country examples dairying pastoral economy clearings islands zealand find improved pastures pastures fertilizers added cared grazing land dusting dropping chemicals planes zealand sheepherders ride horses bred rugged strong comfortable ride saddles zealand leather rest sturdy blankets zealand wool shepherd clothes heavy knitted sweater felt hat warm woolen socks sturdy boots zealand produced wool leather keen eyed strong trained dogs obey master commands
text read basic words words region change environment repeated times words windows look culture homes culture homes called culture regions saw lived worked saw culture regions changed rapidly read dry culture region recently changing slowly today rapid development oil resources building dams helping improve conditions parts region changing rate speed saw islands australia zealand isolated asian continent culture homes australian aborigine maori natives islands lived societies change arrival european settlers islands underwent striking cultural settlers british isles brought cultural heritage british cultural heritage australia zealand regionalizing characteristics part seen physical environment affects live regions physical environment offers meager living coral atoll lovely look support large population
culture groups belong culture affects ways act belong groups families athletic teams part group place shoppers store grouped culture affects actions culture affects ways organize groups belong instance advanced countries complicated educational systems governments small simple societies call things governments educational systems social institutions cultures kinds groups americans belong bowling groups week month members groups bowl eskimos belong hunting groups hunt village needs food examples groups human beings belong groups belong think culture groups family educational system government important groups act affect ways act turn affect families school governments family important social institution helps satisfy basic physical social needs family food shelter love training young
speak sounds living creatures birds call lovely songs dogs bark cats purr frogs croak difference sounds sounds animals highly developed brains human beings sounds complicated ways call signal danger pleasure talk tell stories things happened lived ago talk things seen sounds symbols symbol stands thing idea sounds rob en symbol robin bird normal human beings ability language human beings pass cultures language cultures created human beings change generations find ways providing needs human beings animals teach young dam beaver builds identical beavers built ago generations beavers developed ways answer language beavers language think language enables improve past ability pass knowledge generation called binding
hundred ago animals provided energy machines coal mines human beings pulled carts loaded coal roadways horses hitched wagons pulled products ago began steam energy kinds engines machinery created steam engines pull coaches developed trains railroads steam engines power ships replaced sails wind sources power developed machines invented machines spinning cloth machines weaving cloth machines sewing cloth machines big expensive money invest bought large buildings machines hired workers call buildings factories machines sources power factories called industrial revolution industrial revolution major change ways produced things caused major change ways methods selling needed methods transportation needed farm machines produced crops fewer farmers moved farms cities factories cities grew larger needs cities grew housing cities ways travel factories office buildings
millions immigrants united states early nearly country united states hoped find jobs homes united states country peoples called melting pot nations say united states stew melting pot kinds differences melting today melting pot stew nation israel israel nation opened door jews special law called law return granted jews move israel wished israel reasons united states jews israel countries europe germany austria rumania italy india indochina arrived iraq iran morocco algeria libya north africa britain united states latin american countries millionth immigrant arrived million altogether countries represented tiny nation joined build land culture
earliest europeans information paintings found walls deep caves look picture cave paintings page cave paintings tell modern scholars ancient ago invaders moved lands cave dwellers invaders brought europe archaeologists studied remains villages say farmers hunting animals place place stayed place cave dwellers hunted hungry winter find animals farmers able store extra foods grains grew began build permanent villages farming peoples stone tools gradually learned tools weapons metals bronze iron metal tools harder lasted longer stone knowledge metal originally cultures middle east egypt oldest middle eastern cultures look historical map page part europe closest egypt part europe trade egypt reason greeks learned middle eastern cultures
renaissance idea belonging nation grew stronger spoke language culture began consider citizens nation governments nation powerful small rulers middle ages sign growth nations increased power kings renaissance kings powerful vassals powerful renaissance power kings grew traders towns cities agreed pay taxes king peace protect kings began build strong armies governments nations grew unified strong increased power importance king shown courts palaces europe courts centers society arts scholars writers artists friends king began kind european spent lives court ordinary changed times middle ages ways serfs free owned lord stay place serfs free historians answers process centuries
peter romanov russia tsar peter called reasons reason enormous feet inches tall important reason person responsible making russia powerful nation peter curiosity led visit europe tsar leave russia traveled disguise places worked common laborer learn europe modern ways peter visited germany england sweden learned things place found europeans cannons printed books studied stars especially interested learning build ships sail peter revolt broke russia quickly returned home put revolt captured rebels revolt peter ideas gained europe printed newspapers improved system collecting taxes peter forced russian shave beards europe wearing beards important future russia peter built large factories supply army modern guns cannons began build navy dreamed peter armies attack sweden
geographers divide land areas climate regions kind climate region area depends things weather temperature rainfall moisture air vegetation plants grasses grow area kinds climate regions look climate region map page major climate region classroom globe find boundary line united states canada follow line soviet union soviet union north south united states look climate map find tundra taiga united states areas land think find warm climate soviet union major kinds landforms mountains hills plains plateaus plains flat gently rolling land plateaus flat raised higher surrounding ground kinds landforms soviet union soviet union stretches continents mountains separate european russia asiatic russia major mountain ranges soviet union rivers guess landforms suited farming landforms roads railroads kind landforms large factories soviet union kind land
soviet union truly modern nation communist rule built industry developed farmland advances science nation send satellite manned satellite orbit earth tsars russian read write write communists russian system education encourages learn advance ability allow russian political freedom elections choose candidates candidates belong political party free give opinions government officials political party communist party government answer critics says responsible citizens jobs places live says soviet free equal chance job suits ability earn equal salary improve lives soviet government works according written constitution constitution spells government run grants rights communist party political party allowed soviet union communist nation soviet citizens members communist party million total population million members
according chinese legend universe ruled twelve emperors heaven emperor ruled universe ruled eleven emperors earth emperors ruled emperors mankind ruled rulers rulers emperors chinese gave mankind things needed live god invented agriculture fire hunting fishing writing medicine early chinese thought civilization begun part modern historians believe legendary chinese emperors base knowledge ancient chinese history evidence found archaeologists according evidence living china million historians believe important dynasty china shang shang lived ago area north yellow river look map page find center shang culture historians consider shang advanced culture instance shang lived villages farmers raised wheat millet millet kind grain archaeologists found evidence shang raised pigs dogs shang worked bronze hard metal found brass bowls
invaded shang lands called chou chou lived west yellow river valley shang knows exactly chou warriors hundreds defended lands nomads north west conquered areas finally chou conquered shang era begun chou added territories shang kingdom look map page areas china chou conquer chou kingdom bigger shang kingdom territories include mountains deserts chou lands big group rule roads methods communication advanced chou split kingdom small states ruled chief chiefs nobles china worked lands peasants period called feudal period china chou states organized series circles center circle capital king governed circle states surrounding capital governed king advisers close relatives distant relatives governed circle lords helped topple shang governed fourth circle chou advisers nobles peasants
buddhism china japan ruled groups families called clans emperor descended gods emperor power clans controlled area close home gradually emperors powerful hard gain power loyal china studied secrets chinese greatness brought chinese culture japan japanese emperors welcomed buddhist monks settle japan monks brought chinese methods inventions brought religion buddhism found home japan borrowing china started flowering japanese culture contributed glory power japanese emperors soon jealous emperors ago army general shogun seized power allowed emperor stay throne shoguns ruled shoguns defended power lesser nobles ruled local areas shogun weak local lords stronger area shogun strong ruled nobles struggle japan continued develop nation trade grew towns larger beautiful japanese developed traditions literature music dance theater
spanish led explorer cortez america search gold ships horses arrival documented young adventurer cortez expedition journal spaniards feelings saw wondrous city tenochtitlan saw cities villages built water towns dry land going city amazed enchantments legends soldiers asked things saw dream think describe saw things heard seen dreamed stood looking thought discovered lands days aztecs spaniards meet montezuma aztec emperor montezuma height built neat montezuma guards enter barefoot eyes lowered dishes prepared montezuma meals servants pointed foods ate guards brought food chocolate drink cups pure gold spaniards impressed aztec culture impressed gold silver
land latin america homes found food developed culture land shaped land waters resources farmed soil built industries land shape geography affects live instance indians latin america settled rivers lakes land fertile growing food land affects kinds houses build live mountainside fit houses environment desert look population map page latin americans live parts land equally crowded density number live region parts latin america highest density look landform map kinds landforms fewest kinds landforms compare population map map showing rainfall areas heaviest rainfall areas rainfall areas connection facts look resources map industry found latin america grazing land cattle mining region think live regions think problems prefer live place natural resources located areas
salvador allende born family santiago capital chile studied medicine practiced interested politics allende wanted president chile times allende ran president times lost asked running presidency allende replied sit dream president allende dream finally true allende election important marxist marxist selected head government free open election word marxism comes karl marx german lived marxist believes workers help government operate nation factories farms transportation communication united states similar united states salvador allende marxist won votes candidates voters cast ballots find voters selected allende let look chile social scientist scientists begin asking questions problems chileans face today programs allende meet problems stood gain allende election let look issues chile land problem
oyster king south knew open oysters pick pearls grew rich kinds money rolling oyster opener knew pick pearls son oyster king named shovel ears hard remember knows open oysters forgets pick pearls father shovel ears learning remember worse worse forget father shovel ears place south girl braids hair twisted face saying mother called pig wisps week pig wisps ran butcher shop soup bone starting crossed fingers butcher shop fingers crossed met playmates asked stop play crosstag jackstones mulberry bush green grass grew drop handkerchief told fingers crossed running butcher shop soup bone morning running butcher shop bumped big queer boy bumped flat sidewalk
snowflakes fell gently collapsing weight instant hitting boy coat sleeves grinned pulled knot tight snugging large box rear carrier bicycle minutes snowfall hidden dinginess week snow piled sugar icing tom gentry opened mouth enjoying faint tingle falling snow touched tongue melted flake struck eye changing warm tear slid cheek blinked laughed felt wonderful fine december morning proud happy knowing giving mother christmas gift expectation tried imagine surprised pleased look taking beautiful mink choker gaily wrapped package let happy yell tugged clothesline rope sure box wouldn tip mounted bike steered carefully town staying hard packed ruts pedaling easier inside box fruit labors months forty prime pelts properly stretched fully dry jensen wouldn mind local fur buyer stored march shipping york anyway frowned trying figure twenty muskrats raccoons skunks gray fox eleven opossums
woke hungry suddenly remembered earth excited hungry put scout uniform ship suit thought board wrong assemble awnings spread front hotel embarking tubes wasn air conditioned course early desert wasn hot found letter sat sitting baggage dad family keeping began wonder going ganymede didn care wasn fond family past gates miles ships standing field daedalus icarus pulled earth moon run trip bifrost shuttle rocket york space station remember daedalus icarus bigger hoped bifrost ship saw blast family put baggage mine mother looked field joseph mayflower husband tried explain puzzled
illustrating quail story follows asked pictures conceived pictures sequence showing character development showing boy character change beginning end story clearly progression boy coming age effect loss innocence painting identifies hunting situation puts idyllic setting boyhood elysium natural beauty goodness characters known showed distance silhouettes feeling calm safety lightheartedness picture boy bit re closer sense spirit gaiety acting favorite dream friendly surrounding picture harsh awakening heads large re close re looking important affecting boy deeply realizes beloved sport cruel aspect implicit known forever deliberately avoided redundancy precisely echoing text trezor shown chasing bird bringing jaws think words powerful weakens effect simplemindedly match pictures
invented written language immediately found need additional inventions language invented capital letters periods commas quotation marks paragraph indentions signals help reader hear saying success written language resemblance oral language sure accustomed pausing hesitating encounter comma period sentence ways writer shows groups words sentence sounds suggesting learn group words read punctuation guide surprised quickly learn chunk words hang unravel sentence meaning look sentence wild bugle bull elk exciting sounds animal kingdom sentence composed chunks meaning wild bugle bull elk exciting sounds animal kingdom paused word wild word bull reading sentence destroyed meaning sentence reader group words figure words chunk form meaning unfortunately children learn read attention paid individual words learn read words natural groupings
country japan lived frogs home ditch town osaka sea coast dwelt clear stream ran city kyoto distance heard funnily idea heads frog lived kyoto wanted visit osaka frog lived osaka wished kyoto mikado palace fine morning spring set road led kyoto osaka end journey tiring expected traveling halfway towns rose mountain climbed took hops reach top surprise frog looked moment speaking fell conversation explained meeting homes delightful find felt wish learn native country sort hurry stretched cool damp place agreed rest parted ways
sister born grandfather hut sleep parents youngest child night rest children slept home boys grandfather girls grandmother grandparents instructed grandchildren tribal ways child uganda learn growing daybreak children returned parents hut chores job nurse look baby parents worked fields arrival sunrise grandfather hut stirred fire fireplace mother breakfast fire night homes looking fire breakfast bujeni remains night supper mother cornmeal porridge father going garden mother instructed leave home unguarded fear thieves feed baby cries guard chickens wild cats chicks wild birds helpful visitors strangers promised bring fruit potato home night soon mother left swept floor ground millet porridge baby sister prepared cooked bananas baby awakened fed didn want eat took handful porridge poured mouth
reading meanings chance interrelate reorganize meanings ways fresh find happening read country tis thee choral reading section book structure selection beginning landing pilgrims present give wholeness sense things reading hearing discover paintings country tis thee add information script pictures extend refine meaning sentences story deserve thoughtful viewing interesting response poems songs section poem song rhythm melody meaning cold facts pulse song poem find pulse heartbeat led believe read book searching mainly facts author meanings partly true partly untrue need find feelings ideas storehouse notions ideas feelings brought play search sentences book author meanings place author meanings meanings action lies
marketplace chichicastenango important important entire town built marketplace large square days week square empty days week market days square fills early morning spread wares appointed places put awnings protect goods rain sudden rain storms coming mountains common occurrence chichicastenango children rarely market reach marketplace hour walk mountains children shy seeing youngest babies carried strapped mother backs mountain coming market rise sun start narrow mountain paths wares packed backs shoulders live lakes travel part market canoes distance arrive clock morning market opens getting market easy consider lives forty miles chichicastenango leaves small mountain village laden heavy earthen cooking pots hopes sell carries tent firewood sleeping mat blankets water flask oil lamp raincoat
golden irish king sat province plenty covered land lived connaught grand king daughter tall slender reeds grow lough erne face fairest counties pity temper match blackest ugliest fell birthlot princess proud haughty tongue length sharpness thorns sidheog bush born till woman grown heard say kind word known kind deed living creature passed king think tis worse grew king found end patience groaned aloud sat drinking poteen faith eighteen soul fill telling ye king word nobles neighboring provinces whosoever win consent daughter marriage half kingdom blessing
waiting mail invitation didn expect letters bored things read stories read watch mailman route lynden main deliverer short fat looked hot carrying mail middle winter lynden wore thick white socks distance opinion didn uniform look mailman person mailman anyway watched street house handed mail flashed smile bright white socks letter friend rosalind smells terrific maybe lynden noticed roz letter poured perfume usual perfumed stationery announces smells mail family notices chase manhattan bank smelling meadow violet thanked lynden mail looked roz letter opened quickly roz lived door friends didn say friends matter fact moved portland maine farther want think
mother called airline called roz clock afternoon mother father la airport checking suitcase nonstop flight portland maine suitcase rest suitcases parents passenger lounge wait boarding announcement called roz night found left important detail letter mother father bangor maine business gilda maid charge roz father return sunday night visiting roz told parents perfect visit wouldn lonesome mention gilda maid explaining gilda maid gilda worked roz family forever poor inherited huge amount money rich uncle oil wells texas didn believe uncles texas oil wells actually existed santa claus anyway gilda money immediately told roz parents leaving left didn stay days later showed roz house announced roz family couldn
liked roz house white dark green shutters screened front porch gave odd feeling watch gilda moving strange house especially remembered kitchen spent belong movable recognized roz stray cats roz taking stray animals owned cats york say wondered visit subjects talk ride airport roz busy pointing places thought interest places knew lived places reminded york biggest question mind answered ride roz pointed house closest friend portland lived nice roz re friend re mine roz took bedroom twin beds roz child tons cousins visit let pick bed wanted knew regular bed tell cat pillow
walked hiding place heard talking train existence don roz sabrina dummy don think dummy replace real person miss dummy hold find continued look watched fred set sabrina disappeared sabrina finished going coming sabrinas smiling unsmiling dreamy bored sitting standing etcetera etcetera etcetera parts area sabrina arena whispered roz rotate sherman high display think tried look newspaper drawings harry wyman remarkable opinion shop tremendous success turned brother don think doubt nathan wyman glad agree sherman high nathan wyman takes care miss sherman office show sherman high grabbed sabrina started walk fred sabrinas wyman brothers sherman high smiling vertical sabrina left
home byron truck gilda byron gotten library wyman brothers home gilda told promised stupid wouldn tell roz father happened promised byron eyes road tell news think byron beamed sitting couldn sure byron engaged re roz engaged gilda held finger left hand bare ring pipes fine wishes think byron beamed roz looked going cry suddenly knew miss gilda roz wouldn try lonely perfect pipes wouldn help beat roz father home minutes course didn race gilda telephoned library slight delay supper stayed office finish roz father told byron lucky guy getting gilda byron stayed supper tasted absolutely awful gilda food flop visiting
walked hill store betsy suddenly exclaimed asked ellen project change rule pets remember month mother mother getting sign petition crossing guards street couldn petition pets ask project sign give asked ellen mayor saw picture paper yesterday dog pet ellen looked thoughtful think don worth trying betsy think rule changed let write petition soon copies kids help buildings betsy petition drew smiles wishes luck children asked sign betsy rang doorbells hands cold nervousness paper shook held signed tenants friendly soon felt ease answered bell find glasses betsy read petition loud
sudana sick zoo doctor heard gateman drove zoo morning heard monkey house keeper shouted wanted elephant house news drove front animal hospital center zoo told let sudana illness soon arrived doctor knew matter important snatched black bag emergency medicines hurried animal ambulance roared bob elephant house keeper meet drew front door glad re doc sudana mighty sick happen night guess evening left food water ate night morning acting wanted water filled trough begging afraid give feels hot hmm let look sudana certainly look sick big african elephant leaning steel bars front elephant house matter girl sudana doctor talked soothingly slowly climbed guardrail reached bars lay hand elephant trunk
cleaned doctor sudana likes ice cream crazy give ice cream cones try giving ice cream doctor mix medicine quart ice cream won trust tricked water remember jim feed stuff ice cream cones bob smiled trick doc send jim stay sight hospital doctor ordered quart chocolate ice cream box cones change street clothes told jim hospital helper want stand crowd visitor offer cones sudana visitor eat doctor set plain ice cream fill cones mixed full dose sulfadiazine rest ice cream put cones box wihtout medicine top smart elephant smart doctor told jim walk elephant house wait feeding elephants hold cones top let sudana don medicine swallow reach
money buy things thought money interesting beautiful begin looking coins decide penny nickel lot fun spend begin put interesting coins box pocket begin wondering talking reading soon discover nickel cents worth twenty cents seventy look spend coins shame pay chocolate bar dime worth ten cents coin collector begin collecting money pocket mother send grocery store soon home spread change kitchen table begin look carefully lay kennedy half dollar lincoln penny buffalo nickel replace ordinary money begin collecting thing want coin worth money money worth
summer paul decided maine visit father mother arrived talked times paul asked billy pilgrim biggest part country billy pilgrim asked paul digging st lawrence river united states canada paul father separate countries knew united states canada paul bunyan billy found billy pilgrim digging dug small ditch paul laughed saw dig st lawrence river weeks paul billy angry thought dig large river weeks give million dollars dig st lawrence river weeks billy pilgrim paul friends babe blue ox ole big swede brimstone bill paul woodsmen joined paul told ole huge scoop shovel large house fastened babe buckskin rope hauled tons dirt emptied scoop shovel vermont large piles dirt called green mountains
paul bunyan finished digging st lawrence river decided west summertime forest sweet smell green trees spreading branches cast cool shadows ground cross vast plains paul hot blade grass grow thirsty water drink paul babe blue ox leading rest camp started plains journey west days left woods knee deep sand stretched miles miles sun hotter hotter tree sight paul bunyan forest missed cool shade trees paul stopped rest thirty forty stand shadow escape boiling sun won able cried brimstone bill begin cool soon hot exhausted refused step hot biscuit slim cook complained food left camp night paul took babe blue ox mountains north mountains paul found farmer barnful corn
morning jan awakened early squire join fields going sow seeds bread eat harvest bread asked jan sleepily remembered certainly sir mind sow farmhands sat big table huge kitchen served milk bread breakfast jan large slice steak farmhands eyed breakfast envy jan ate quickly greasy stuff early morning crust bread mind meat bread bread ordinary fields jan walked slowly plowed field scattering wheat noon sat tree eat lunch jan meat wanted bread potatoes evening plenty meat bread jan gold diamonds weeks passed jan ate meat worked felt slept wished live big plentiful
seventy eighty ago city orleans louisiana kind music born today popular kinds music jazz jazz began negroes orleans enjoyed playing music studied music music form band play street corners jazz popular rest united states happen louis armstrong louis friends sing pennies boys streets orleans young louis learned play trumpet boy band soon known orleans big chance king oliver bandleader louis respected asked chicago part band louis armstrong soon popular musicians playing trumpet part jazz composers named edward kennedy duke ellington duke born washington loved play piano liked piano lessons
read groups sentences called paragraphs arrangement sentences paragraphs real help reading kind information writer starts write paragraph factual article mind point idea wants paragraph tell makes sentence say thing makes sentences say thing finished writing paragraph sentences say thing call thing topic paragraph paragraph sentences numbered think easily later read try decide thing sentences tell live gardens gardens big small gardens mainly beauty fun grow flowers morning glories roses gardens gardens mainly fresh foods grow things melons tomatoes squash sentence tells gardens found sentence talks sizes gardens sentence tells reason garden sentence tells grown garden reason
period says full stop sentence question mark end sentence tells read sentence asking question exclamation mark tells word words loudly strong feeling call marks punctuation marks tell sentence sound heard saying comma punctuation mark reading comma says slow pause slightly word comma help reading read sentence decide bobby eat friend house bobby eaten fruit salad cheese biscuits beef pie applesauce cake nuts lemonade bobby fruit salad fruit salad cheese biscuits cheese biscuits beef pie beef pie applesauce cake applesauce cake tell read sentence added commas help quickly bobby eat bobby eaten fruit salad cheese biscuits beef pie applesauce cake nuts lemonade
piglet lived grand house middle beech tree beech tree middle forest piglet lived middle house house piece broken board trespassers christopher robin asked piglet meant grandfather family christopher robin couldn called trespassers piglet yes grandfather short trespassers short trespassers william grandfather names case lost trespassers uncle william trespassers names christopher robin carelessly proves piglet fine winter piglet brushing snow front house happened look winnie pooh pooh walking round round circle thinking piglet called walking hallo piglet hunting pooh hunting tracking winnie pooh mysteriously tracking piglet coming closer ask think answer wait catch winnie pooh
mohamed loved swimming sea lucky live somali village indian ocean sandy shore rang happy shouts cries village boys girls liked race surf splashing spraying water white dancing foam dove waves mohammed young sister asha spent cool clean sea swimming playing water games swimmers mother taught friday mohamed school village boys class outdoors children sat benches front teacher shade tall palm tree books boys repeated teacher knew lessons heart girls village school thought school important girls boys sunny days soon school mohamed mother asha wash family clothes mother stood water scrubbed pounded clothes clean handed mohamed asha took arranged beach dry mohamed helped mother asha wash clothes remember
interesting sights desert country southwestern united states places heaps sticks stones cactus look raked pile junk left piles homes built white wood rat called pack rat trade rat pack rat inches tail big eyes large rounded ears pack rat wants build nest finds small hollow ground clump cactus weaves pieces bark grass warm thick walled nest nest lined softer material comfortable place babies pack rat collects piles top nest kind junk find junk pieces paper sticks stones tin cans camper thrown pieces cactus cactus pack rat favorite material pieces full thorns brave animal tried dig nest pack rat able carry pile pieces sharply spined cactus hurting animals called pack rats carry things mouths
meg friend named albert nilsson couldn think nicer place visit nilssons kitchen albert baked pretzels family knew things told meg wonderful stories baking meg sit kitchen sofa listening met robbers seen ghosts meg seen single asked clairvoyant albert replied ghosts clairvoyant word meg heard albert explained re clairvoyant means special kind eyes ghosts ordinary clairvoyant meg eagerly maybe place ghosts albert burst laughing clairvoyant re clairvoyant pig course cemetery dark night test meg shuddered cemetery ghosts bet albert seen ghosts places cemetery lined bands tin soldiers move bumping meg liked clairvoyant desire middle night cemetery swarming ghosts
alva woman worked meg family town spent evening put key kitchen door meg racing lawn word meg threw arms alva violently alva knocked earth night alva asked meg moaned alva feel body trembling alva didn ask questions quickly led meg kitchen turned light earth happened alva asked took meg arms sat kitchen sofa rocking gently alva seen ghost meg whispered alva clairvoyant alva talk albert tell living soul tell finally alva heard story baron crow nilssons laundry flew rage albert going catch ghosts alva stormed meg defended help clairvoyant alva furiously wait till finished won clairvoyant longer promise honorable albert fortunately mother father asleep alva promised tell
hear talk history frequently idea talking series names dates told things happen real meaning events learn battle famous law things touch history part happenings real part changing culture means help ways think behave gradual happen case mass communications media radio television newspapers important role lives americans things grown meaning americans count hours spend front television reading papers communications hold help inform give ideas communications happen responsible special news programs social problems poverty pollution voice opinions feature american politics movies sports music invent art forms tell feel movies try give true picture america
central eastern parts mexico ruled indian called aztecs capital tenochtitlan built island valley surrounded mountains ruler aztecs montezuma lived indians wore cotton clothes beautiful feathers turquoise stones built fine buildings temples stone worshiped gods form stone idols aztecs feared fighters conquered indians living slaves young spain seek fortunes hernando cortez living cuba heard riches aztecs gathered expedition set conquer indians aztec chief montezuma heard spaniards landed mexico presents gold silver aztecs thought white gods cortez saw rich presents determined reach kingdom aztecs months fighting cortez captured capital aztec empire cortez able conquer powerful aztecs reasons happened indians thought spaniards gods according aztec legend story god light skin heavy beard lived left promised return
french wanted share riches french king italian sea captain named verrazano verrazano sailed east coast looking northern route east failed king jacques cartier cartier looking shorter route asia route discovered magellan dangerous sailing northward east coast north america cartier found gulf led st lawrence river sailed river hoping reach pacific ocean course cartier find indian village high hill called place mont real means kings mountain left home cartier named country france cartier voyage gave france claim part known canada seventy cartier discovered st lawrence river explorer fur trader samuel de champlain brought group settlers mouth st lawrence river foot rocky cliff champlain laid fort built houses settlement called quebec champlain things french colony brave young live trade indians set trading posts brought missionaries teach religion indians looking route china explored lakes found lake named lake champlain
english nobles forced king sign magna carta charter giving share government english struggled limit power rulers gradually won rights settlers jamestown massachusetts charters granted rights living england america colonists demanded power govern london company granted virginia settlers permission establish assembly lawmaking houses upper house governor council appointed london company members lower house elected settlers lower house called house burgesses twenty representatives representative government america settlers share making laws colony virginia later colonies remember pilgrims agreement called mayflower compact agreement gave pilgrims govern puritan leaders massachusetts bay colony plans holding regular meetings town town meetings landowners church members community vote hold office massachusetts began kind democratic government later connecticut colonists drew plan government called fundamental orders
tea party parliament passed laws punish boston laws harsh colonists called intolerable acts law longer hold town meetings ordered colonists shelter british soldiers boston closed port boston tea paid ships allowed boston harbor meant boston soon food samuel adams wanted colonies laws started committees correspondence committee letters colonies telling taking place massachusetts colonies set committees letters received committee write knew thirteen colonies colonists began resist intolerable acts food money help boston massachusetts colony called meeting leaders colonies colonies georgia representatives meeting continental congress held philadelphia samuel adams george washington patrick henry important present members congress stated rights won asked parliament repeal unjust trade laws willing settle disputes peacefully
bunker hill fighting shifted boston york british wanted capture harbor york war supplies received england washington moved army island stop british number battles fought island york city washington nearly number british commander general howe americans leave york retreat jersey washington retreat continued jersey pennsylvania thought surrender small army risk real battle british troops christmas night washington icy delaware river jersey attacked group hessians camped trenton remember hessians german soldiers paid fight english surrendered supplies week later washington surprised defeated british army princeton jersey quick moves washington caused british general call fox brought victory american army british planned divide thirteen states end fighting general burgoyne army march south montreal lake champlain albany general howe bring troops north york join army colonel st leger march eastward york meet armies
westward march united states slowed war europe england france war side wanted america supply goods warring nations stopped american ships ocean search war supplies britain remove cargoes seized american sailors took england english government claimed sailors deserters british navy act seizure known impressment seamen american citizens captured government angry united states sides european war neutral nation united states felt ships free sail seas thomas jefferson want war believed stay war ships ocean law passed declared american ships leave port trade called embargo act act stop war england france found goods needed countries james madison president tried peace ideas criticized group young congress called war hawks talked continually war war hawks henry clay kentucky john calhoun south carolina protested seizure seamen stopping trade
main kinds information map give location places earth distance place direction route place actual size place earth shown map impossible bring map home classroom map size country large handle cover room large city map small drawn scale means map drawn definite proportion part true size inch map stand miles scale written scale miles part map legend scale clue distant place map find sizes areas shown directions maps words north south east west combinations words northeast northwest southeast southwest north means north pole south means south pole person faces north south east west left
class begin lesson southeast asia students asked don rubber trees grow united states students looked answers found rubber trees need growing season hot rainy place mainland country climate found bring rubber lands want short rubber trees grow climate climate weather mean thing weather report radio newspaper tells report tells hot cold short period tells expect rain snow weather climate hand means kind weather region period read climate place earth questions ask hot cold period rain falls growing season answers questions give idea area climate earth surrounded blanket air called atmosphere air hot cold
differences climate place place nation variety climate reasons differences climate important factor influences climate latitude distance equator places ways distance equator climate equator sun rays direct stronger hotter travel equator sun rays slant weaker find gradually cooler altitude elevation height land sea level affects climate air grows cooler travel upward surface earth quito capital equador south america city equator east city manaus brazil lot fewer explain fact live city part answer andes mountains cross equator quito located highlands manaus lowlands quito pleasant climate manaus hot wet general higher region colder prefer live cool climate
soviet union fifteen soviet republics soviet republics based racial national groups states simply divisions land republics large small largest russian soviet federated socialist republic covers fourths land area soviet union moscow capital republic soviet union important republics ukraine byelorussia white russia republics votes united nations addition soviet union million living soviet union today country races eighty languages spoken speak russian slavic language rest descendants mongols tribes central asia national groups allowed speak languages practice customs school children study russian desires ahead soviet society russian language population distributed evenly areas soviet europe thickly settled soviet asia vast areas mountainous cold dry live live triangle land stretching black sea baltic sea novokuznetsk stalinsk siberia
soviet union government owns land bought sold individual farmer country soviet farmer dependent controlled communist party complete opposite farmer position united states american farmer land decide wants grow land hire sell land chooses kinds farms soviet union farm collective farm farm large called sovkhoz farm government find methods raising crops animals factory worker job farm paid collective farm kolkhoz large large farm average collective farm hundred farm families farmers tilling soil harvesting crops farms large land generally flat machinery harvest sold government expenses machinery seed paid farmer share remaining profits harvest size farmer share depends amount
books written movies middle east north africa show region land mystery adventure romance true picture lands north africa middle east water short supply region poverty hunger illiteracy incomes lowest region known north africa middle east begins west coast northern africa stretches north africa southwestern asia mountains central asia divided parts middle east north africa middle east includes asian countries north turkey partly europe east afghanistan south indian ocean includes egypt located africa north africa includes countries west egypt libya tunisia algeria morocco lands studied region alike ways climate region generally hot dry fact land barren desert getting water everyday needs problem poor farmers town dwellers nomads speak arabic language follow moslem religion united states interest north africa middle east
israel tiny land square miles area eastern end mediterranean sea israel desert climate nations middle east israel ways jews moslems israelis live towns cities farm villages factories israel democratic governments region fourth read write land newspapers books schools modern hospitals tiny nation bordered countries lebanon north syria northeast jordan east egypt south west lies mediterranean sea southernmost end israel comes sharp point red sea despite small size country important united states lies close suez canal important pipeline runs bridge continents europe asia africa israel fertile plain mediterranean sea east plain land rises drops sharply valley jordan river valley sea level part river valley lies israel belongs jordan jordan river flows south empties dead sea lowest spot earth waters dead sea salty flow sea
french king jacques cartier america trained french sea captain told look gold shorter route asia cartier ships landed shores eastern canada planted french flag claimed land france returned sailed river follow voyage map page named river st lawrence hoped waterway leading asia finally reached rapids swift churning rapids tumble rocks farther cartier voyages west failed find gold route asia explorer marguerite de voyages marooned island supplies alive finally rescued seventy french forgot canada interested saw spain settling america decided start colony colony group settlers called colonists live land owned country samuel de champlain charge colony france champlain started successful french colony built cliffs st lawrence river
groups lived northwest coast north america area lived pacific ocean included land northern california alaska hills mountains rise steeply coast cool rainy area green forests find land northwest coast map page lived villages large wooden houses families lived houses built huge cedar logs cut planks house high slanting roof smoke hole middle houses carved painted doorposts showed brave deeds person lived house carving thunderbird indian god thunder lightning storm clouds shadow brought giant cedar log forest decorated carvings spirits animals carvings showed history family finally painted log carved log called totem pole set totem pole front house show owners totem poles tombstones support roofs houses richest village chief owned blankets canoes tools chief hold large gathering call potlatch
pilgrims began settlement england story begins england early law ordered attend church england refused obey law wanted worship god held meetings secret king learned angry stopped meetings put leaders prison moved netherlands worship pleased known netherlands pilgrims pilgrims lived netherlands children began speak dutch language follow dutch customs parents unhappy wanted children follow english customs decided leave netherlands leaders pilgrims america worship god chose live english months planning needed pilgrims set atlantic sailed small ship named mayflower voyage took weeks cold wintry pilgrims reached coast america going ashore pilgrims signed agreement known mayflower compact agreed obey laws leaders agreed elect representatives choose governor pilgrims colonists set democratic government
daniel boone john friends met driving supply wagons general braddock army evenings daniel john drivers sat campfire night driver spoke john hear west mountains john replied nodding grand meadowland country hunting yonder asked driver say replied john hunting buffalo big walk meadows sink saw deer elk couldn count week millions turkeys turns flying john spinning tall tales twenty daniel sat spellbound later asked wonderland west john indians call kentuck daniel john someday answered daniel daniel boone dreamed exploring kentucky daniel boone born small pennsylvania settlement parents quakers small farm blacksmith shop weaving business children special daniel herded cows helped raise crops woods hunter spent hours target practice fine marksman native americans lived settlement taught daniel hunting secrets taught move forests silently
afternoon young judson stopped country store howdy greeted jenkins storekeeper sell today say look upset happened plenty exclaimed fighting mad hear brothers mean haul lumber grain mississippi flatboat asked jenkins nodded orleans port closed spanish guards wouldn let unload took boats ran brothers town told prison terrible jenkins shaking head sure answered buy port think jenkins say storekeeper replied bad things happening orleans dangerous need peaceful port looks trouble france spain holds orleans yes think buy orleans thought jenkins agree read la claimed mississippi river lands france named huge region louisiana later french started settlement mouth mississippi town named orleans find map page
explorers camped northern plains winter built stout log shelter called fort mandan look fort mandan map mandans lived nearby brought gifts beans corn pumpkins squash mandan told stories high western mountains telling rocky mountains stories pacific ocean called salt water mandans told lots rivers lewis clark glad hear tales mighty river west knew river emptied pacific ocean wide mouth found nearly ten sea captain captain named columbia river ship columbia lewis clark asked mandans questions columbia river wanted began kinds lands flowed mandans mandan chief west find explorers planned spring lewis clark french trapper wife sacajawea knew parts west lewis hired husband guides april snows melting party set smallest member sacajawea month baby boy sacajawea carried strapped
harvest wheat turner cutting wheat hand slow hard glad stop chat walter evans neighbor ridden asked turner haven heard tomorrow young cyrus mc show reaper works coming watch odd contraption exclaimed turner didn tested tinkering walter says fixed problem waste wheat cut help raise sure agreed walter machine works help need factories making reapers hundreds hot july cyrus mc reaper worked rattled worked cut acres grain times fast farmer hand imagine cheered mc reaper pulled horses strange looking called mixture chariot wheelbarrow flying machine cyrus mc grew farm virginia job cutting grain hand wished faster job cyrus father tried reaper
linda bob tugboat heading orleans tug pushing barges loaded wheat mississippi river orleans boat passed rows docks warehouses docks freighters barges sizes shapes tugboat captain exclaimed tons wheat shipped port orleans wheat bought farmers middle country barges carry mississippi orleans countries look barges linda re carrying oil going oil refinery oil separated gasoline products explained captain oil asked bob oil fields united states answered captain maybe oil fields countries buy oil lands look freighter linda unloading bananas buy bananas products countries central america south america captain busiest ports freighters countries bring products buy carry goods sell united states busy trader trade exchange thing trade parts getting giving exchange
human rights include chance active part government chief part voting vote today citizens vote reach age young help choose leaders vote laws easy hard vote past laws states hard voters states fairly easy citizens register sign vote serving public office political frances perkins woman serve president cabinet president franklin roosevelt chose secretary labor shirley chisholm black woman serve congress elected representative york barbara jordan black woman elected house representatives texas active civil rights leader nellie tayloe ross governor wyoming woman governor elected husband governor died term special election held mrs ross elected place ella grasso elected governor connecticut mrs grasso member legislature women governors replaced husbands
england times land forests farms half land maine colonial times lumbering major industry england early small river hampshire supplied water sawmills turned million feet lumber lumber england building ships england workers skillful tools built ships fishing boats england famous strong handsome sailing ships today lumber wood pulp papermaking brings money fine forests help attract tourists england manufacturing began colonial days factory built rhode island ten war independence mill machines spinning cotton thread british invented spinning weaving machines started textile mills mills cloth cheaply cloth making big business britain laws passed protect business send machines drawings britain trained workers allowed leave country samuel slater slater worked cotton mill britain tended wonderful machine spin thread person months
middle atlantic cities manufacturing centers buffalo flour feed mills huge cereal packing plant factories iron steel products wheat iron ore brought boats schenectady locomotives washing machines refrigerators kinds electrical goods called city magic amazing electrical discoveries laboratories rochester known cameras film copying machines troy produces clothing steel paper utica makes metal products including parts autos planes cities york map shows waterways helped grow allentown pennsylvania manufactures cement trucks buses cities eastern pennsylvania textile mills trenton camden newark busy manufacturing cities jersey kinds products notice map port cities largest cities middle atlantic region york philadelphia pittsburgh washington baltimore york largest city country york city sections called boroughs metropolitan york extends manhattan heart city chief business center boroughs connect manhattan huge bridges tunnels rivers york city famous museums art educational centers columbia university started colonial times
lumbering major industry south south supplies fourth lumber early southern forests remain forests south today planted pine trees raised crop grown hilly lands farmed south mild climate growing season heavy rainfall trees grow rapidly loggers busy winter summer cutting trees logs sawmills lumber hardwoods oak maple making furniture woodwork buildings pine building pine logs ground pulpwood making paper rayon goods south woodlands furnish nation pulpwood pine trees tapped sticky resin sap resin oozes cuts tree trunk resin paints varnishes linoleum soaps south mills factories raw materials forests southern workers earn living fishing oysters plentiful warm shallow coastal waters gulf mexico shrimps caught gulf waters fishing boats bring menhaden mackerel flounder sea trout red snappers menhaden caught mainly oil oil soap paints thousands south oil industry crude oil petroleum thick greenish black liquid
guide led group tourists jungle trail ahead saw thick stone walls rising trees maya chief tikal stood explained guide ago tourist thousand ago answered guide early walls stand asked tourist amazing added tourist machines help wonder replied guide maya remarkable maya built cities central america southern mexico places live mainly places worship mayan gods cities places market days celebrations find central america map cities tall stone pyramids temples top low palaces rooms palaces stone carvings tall stone pillars palaces rulers priests mayan priests scientists worked round buildings observatories studied stars nearly city ball court court high stone ring looked basketball hoop players teams tried send rubber ball ring knees hips try hard score point
afternoon early simon bolivar talking friend mind simon bolivar mean asked friend spain ruled south america nearly answered simon free spend fortune needed bold words simon replied friend dangerous course agreed simon spain strict laws armies enforce going stop join patriots plan weapons soldiers soldiers soldiers afraid side spain friend meet secretly join secret cost simon warned friend cost ready declared simon mind lead revolt spain simon bolivar europe months thought freedom knew english colonists shown courage fighting freedom bolivar returned south america ready revolt land colorful history spain portugal claimed land south america columbus reached coast venezuela voyage crew ashore claimed land spain
argentina south america largest country capital chief city buenos aires find argentina buenos aires map northern argentina fertile plain called gran chaco hot rainy summers change plains steamy swamps hot rainless winters burn grasses dry streams cotton sugar cane grown parts gran chaco south west wide plains called pampa stretch miles km west buenos aires mild climate fertile soil argentina crops grown pampa wheat corn alfalfa flax fields spread areas flax seeds crushed linseed oil oil making paint products millions cattle raised pampa argentina exports beef country cattle raising argentina oldest industry dates days early spanish colonists cowhands argentina known gauchos patagonia south high dry windy plateau extends south strait magellan large sheep ranches region argentina leader producing sheep wool west pampa north patagonia dry plains extend west andes fertile soil drier pampa
land order freedom colonists freedom face hard problems solving worked agree manage colony colonists needed government laws protect help colony formed government government england soon colonies governor chosen english king assembly chosen english governors english taxes english laws fair colonies land freedom able laws say taxes fighting broke soldiers king stationed learned thing found person neighbors things wanted safety order peace learned colony colonies gain wanted demanded freedom unjust laws taxes england tried force finally demands meant war american revolution
going search oldest countries lie region known story begins look globe picture eastern hemisphere north stretches continent eurasia europe asia called separate continents separated europe western part continent eurasia things divide europe asia differences live customs ideas going study south europe western curve globe africa notice europe asia africa large mass land find seas narrow straits separate continent africa eurasia strait narrow passageway connecting large bodies water suppose give globe part turn picture globe part asia sight eastern curve center mediterranean sea sea means middle earth middle earth early days lived knew earth shores sea islands dotted
athens sparta united fight enemy greece happened persia lay east highlands tigris euphrates valley find map page today call country iran persian kings conquered neighboring countries west egypt asia minor persia empire empire government extends countries persian kings absolute rulers means commands laws obey freedom share government cities asia minor settled greeks greek love freedom hated ruled persians messengers athens begging help fight freedom athens fleet twenty ships help greek cities asia minor resist persians spite cities held darius king persians darius decided punish athens helping enemies darius led army aegean coast seized northern part greek peninsula tried march south greece succeed returned home later fleet aegean sea troops landed marathon twenty miles athens
medieval centuries called feudal times land return military service called fief feud fighting chiefs called feudal lords land held fief owed service lord lord vassal greater lord king lords lived castles lesser lord house called manor house lord land buildings called estate manor nobles raised grain feed tended sheep cattle pigs noble family served large number laborers laborers horses armor weapons fight called serfs duty produce food nobles return defended attacks enemy armies manor village laborers serfs serf strips land return days week lord land paid part crop lord took grain lord mill ground flour left part flour pay grinding took bread baked lord oven left loaf payment
kurt weaver fellow allowed helpers deal freedom quiet busy shop air pleasant friendliness laughter rounds shuttles flew fro tongues busy fingers case morning weavers named jan cousin lands tales told strange places seen east jan full repeating stories proudly fellow workmen weavers eager tell bit travel talk heard number joined crusade coming home wonders tell mediterranean lands market place acre jan beasts called camels hump backs savage creatures jan patient ox humps carry heavy loads beasts say travel distances food drink bring loads distant countries wide wastes sand water trees growing loads bring market place jan soft woven stuffs wondrous fine
ned home late sunday afternoon reached cottage stamping wright ned knew sell yarn thread ned father goodman gray weaver talking ned father voice angry begging pardon stay tea tell crime stopped taking bread decent englishman mouth turning upside honest village neighbor sorry part ruin head bid angry stamped ned slipped quietly door father wright say asked goodman gray puffed pipe walked room stood loom gazing silently wife loaf knife table set cups kettle murmured peacefully fire wanted meeting town answered weaver meeting father atkinson mill ned eagerly boys wanted machines run steam wanted look window fellow chased
holland hollow land belongs western part country found farm lands netherlands find lands map sea level dutch took lands sea building dikes hold tides dikes broad banks rock sand gravel clay north sea sand hills dunes border coast dunes land distance lower sea level high tide sea broke dunes flooded land dunes dikes waves beat force blocks granite hard kind rock added pumped water low lying fields fields sea called polders fields rich fertile silt brought rivers western netherlands mile mile fine flat farming land stretches single hill slopes dikes leading bridges canals country crisscrossed canals lands low drained constantly pumps lift water field ditches canals main canals built sea level carry water north sea pumps worked windmills electric steam gasoline pumps
france countries strong nation reading history france found boundaries helped look natural boundaries map north english channel west bay biscay part atlantic ocean southwest pyrenees mountains fence france spain southeastern coast france borders mediterranean alps guard italian border east north jura mountains rise france switzerland mountains continue northward gradually land level northeast find large opening france wall defense century german forces invaded france lowland region french rebuild cities restore ruined fields important neighbor countries live peace look carefully map show geography france helped bind country strong find hilly central plateau southern france hills northwest rest country covered plains mountain barriers divide part country find rivers helped bind country seine loire garonne rhone rivers connected canals
boot shaped peninsula italy mountainous trace wall alps north apennine range peninsula farming important single occupation lowland farming land look lowlands italy landform map pages largest lowland italy main divisions northern central southern part parts mountains climate help difference northern italy wide lowland valley po river italy finest farming land valley farms large modern farm machinery deep fertile soil silt brought rivers fine wheat corn grown large quantities moderate rains fall irrigation needed streams mountains supply plenty water coast land flat rivers built wide swampy deltas land rice grows wet soil swamps drained turned fertile fields grow potatoes tomatoes corn vegetables alps source riches italy ways meadows slopes provide summer grazing herds cattle forests supply lumber building manufacturing streams furnish hydroelectric power industry
hot baghdad hot dusty rex grant mind interesting inn stayed partly ground level cool hot summer months screens windows woven green twigs swung loose top wet cooled air night sleeping mats spread flat roof inn roof pleasant place sleep stars big overhead faint warm breeze drifted grant conferences businessmen guide rex explored city camera wanted pictures home mosques blue gold domes turrets mother bridge tigris built boats wouldn friends wonder narrow streets twisted low mud brick houses crowded donkeys bicycles ragged awnings stretched roof roof streets rex soon realized helped shield hot summer sun dates wool carpets jewelry goods sold busy bazaars market places rex took picture public letter writer modern part city lovely homes surrounded groves orange trees palms
turning subcontinent india mountain wall asia shuts section turn map pages shows size region location asia large called subcontinent continent subcontinent india live races speak number languages earth continent north curve himalaya mountains range high highest peaks look higher rest mount everest feet high mountains covered snow passes himalayas steep dangerous passes northwest afghanistan south mountains lies vast lowland plain stretches miles east west miles north south plain flow rivers indus ganges rivers run dry fed streams snow covered mountains west rivers feed indus river flows south arabian sea ganges river flows plain east spreads delta empties bay bengal
republic includes india study boundaries map page stretches desert west ganges delta east takes northern lowland southern peninsula bangladesh northeast section republic india assam connected rest india narrow strip land north bangladesh conditions parts large republic fifths living land raise live depends india land climate india seasons cool dry season hot dry season hot rainy season find tropic cancer map india notice peninsula india lies tropics lands tropics warm round mean peninsula india distinct seasons seasons caused monsoons monsoon wind blows times northeast monsoon blows november december march dry land wind bringing cool air high mountains think cool cool compared india climate rest
africa largest continent times large united states africa lies directly south europe mediterranean sea find maps pages study position large europe asia landform map shows africa covered plateaus highest eastern southern africa outer edges tablelands rise narrow beaches swamps coast sections plains edges plateaus ocean map shows plateaus level rolling sections hilly ranges mountains highest peaks eastern africa find atlas mountains northwest rivers carved valleys plateaus areas large rivers tributaries carved valleys wide call basins hills mountains eastern africa rise streams form nile congo rivers trace nile northward delta mediterranean coast find congo central africa notice spreading tributaries plains region called congo basin trace africa important rivers niger flows western bulge continent south zambesi limpopo flow east pacific orange river flows west atlantic ocean
tell ahmed father henri hope someday engineer cartier government planning soon supervisors oil industry algerians cartier setting projector show slide pictures family neighbors engineer supervisor busy oil center desert algeria hard dry heat desert cartier home france rest months think ready turning light adjusting picture lighted screen nearby oasis town screen tall palm trees rows casting shade pictures mud walled square buildings narrow streets wide baggy trousers flowing robes women carried baskets heads children dogs ahmed henri cartier pointing tall lad attracted attention enjoyed talking going school belonged family nomads wandering herdsmen school asked henri asked nomads let sons school remained oasis help care date palms family
southern africa comfortable climate plateau land reaching tropics middle latitudes map page shows southern eastern coasts mountain ranges notice especially range southeast mountains high farther north catch rainfall southeast trade winds indian ocean section south africa plenty rainfall northwest africa strip lowland rolling hills mountains coast lowland country sugar cotton tobacco plantations protected valleys citrus fruits raised pears grapes peaches heat moisture pineapples mangoes bananas grown fruit shipped europe south africa grasslands cover eastern part plateau lands rainfall map page shows plateaus receive rain lands coast eastern part receives rain grow grass crops land called veld means grasslands language dutch settled grass parts veld grows feet high surprised find herds cattle flocks sheep goats grasslands region large farms farms cattle ranches raise wheat corn grains
mitchell known astronomer island nantucket nantucket whaling community sailors mitchell advice mitchell helped sailors plot routes stars adjust timepieces according stars maria eleven interested astronomy loved look father telescope talk stars planets mitchell voice broke silence living room maria maria quickly show maria jumped chair grabbed coat hood whale oil lamp didn look raced stairs led roof house winter night cold windy waves pounded shores mitchell house whaling ships harbor groaned rocked tall masts sea maria think things roof telescope perched quickly father look look polaris maria moved telescope slightly sighted north star looked fuzzy ball light view
feel couldn job place turn help writer selection captures feeling desperation women felt depression article appeared communist magazine writer views communist sitting city free employment bureau woman section sitting hours sit waiting job jobs breakfast eat girl seen summer crazy yesterday hysterics stamping feet screaming months give saying woman charge flew rage days days suffering part unable give jobs flew rage girl facing rage helpless helpless woman told bear suffering saw hear couldn eat nightmares night stood women rage girl weeping woman shouting months unemployment gotten ragged woman shouting send
depression number groups washington demand help government afraid groups dangerous revolutionary selection newsletter congressman thomas amlie wisconsin district describes anger bitterness marchers darkest days depression opening congress arrived washington hunger marchers principally large industrial centers arrival city congregated york ave shut traffic surrounded capital police sides marchers approximately days compelled sleep open group led communists half members communists spent hours talking night town extremely bitter treatment accorded washington camp saw things part police provoke treatment received communists hunger marchers talking communist agitators leaders march complaining bitterly rough treatment members received police
price products especially farm products determined law supply demand according law prices high heavy demand product short supply supply equals demand prices low large supply demand depression money buy food farmers produced amount food supply demand prices fell farmers iowa tried force price products cutting supply reading explains tried justified actions roads leading sioux city picketed trucks hundreds turned farmers hundreds lined roads blockaded roads spiked telegraph poles logs took sheriff badge gun threw cornfield gallons milk ran roadway ditches gallons seized milk distributed free street sioux city omaha council bluffs des moines blockaded sioux city cities numerous deputies sworn help respective sheriffs governor iowa ordered roads cleared trucks attempted rush lines picketing farmers trucks escorted farmers lines armed deputies
june germany launched massive attack soviet union flinging million army thousand mile front germans quickly overran western russia autumn twenty miles moscow soviets successfully defended moscow hitler shifted scene battle southward august germans reached stalingrad gain city fight block block house house months savage fighting soviets launched counterattack surrounded german army crushed battle turning point war germans defensive soviets pushed west met american army heart germany germans trapped stalingrad knew soviets soon kill send concentration camps plane fly stalingrad january carried letters german bureau army information seized delivered letters didn want german soldiers felt died wife german officer tell upright unflinching upright stood station platform left east letter writer letters longer page today deal say save later
enthusiasm war months began decline july armies met stream called bull run west washington ladies gentlemen spread picnic lunches hilltops surrounding scene battle hours nip tuck fighting stonewall jackson reinforcements gave advantage confederates sudden union army northerners believed crush south months turned tail ran capital protection ladies gentlemen fleeing south known chance winning war months victory bull run confederate general joe johnston wanted smash pennsylvania north organized jefferson davis thought wiser south fight defensive war hard resources north greater southern hopes victory depended part belief delaware maryland kentucky missouri join confederacy slave states officially sided union south knew grim fight north found quick victory difficult achieve late glamour war forgotten rosy boys eagerly war dressed smart blues grays home tired grubby
gus almon young seventeen returning west side neighborhood chicago bus tour east coast clock gray cold sunday morning bus entered neighborhood buildings stages decay paper street teetering drunks street corners bus arrived destination gus stretched arms smile grew slowly face word home gus almon city run home friends shoeshine parlor managed barbershop loving family stay corners gus parts area bad kinda city gus millions americans called city home hundred unit american city growth challenges promise problems earlier units reasons move place spite inconvenience danger traveled cramped hold small wooden ship teeth shaking covered wagon crowded compartment atlantic steamer reasons moving part suggests reasons moved american cities shows quickly cities grown
moved city country small town farm brought customs ways thinking children newcomers grew city learned customs ways thinking parents children living worlds family mixture frustration embarrassment misunderstanding selections show problems parents children faced dealings selection bunch group young chicago jews early excerpt describes incident took place early telephone rang mrs greenstein sitting kitchen chair waiting terrible happen fear strange forces girl left village poland horse drawn cart trains dark thrumming hold terrifying boat country trains collide boat sink twenty passed strange lit gas jets turned electric lights real safe glow oil lamp sixteen home
part lee chew york businessman america selection tells united states lee chew shortly chinese exclusion act stopped chinese immigration united states ten prevented chinese american citizens law extended repealed twenty ago country worked servant getting month money home comfort parents dressed lived pleasure going chinese theater dinner parties chinatown saved months fourth end ready start laundry business laundries cities ten chinese laundry business ten ago american cheap labor steam laundries hurt york opened shop chinese quarter keeping silks teas porcelain clothes shoes hats chinese provisions york forty chinese women impossible chinese woman goes china marries
understand united states involved philippines understand idea expansionism manifest destiny manifest destiny means obvious unmistakable future term refers belief americans natural occupy lands popular term describe expansionism colonial period americans believed expansionism believed god wanted control north america including canada mexico americans believed united states occupy territory north american continent americans unsuccessful efforts conquer canada occupy part mexico defeated mexicans section north american continent american control united states bought alaska russia expansionists wanted occupy lands north american continent cuba hawaii early thomas jefferson president thought profitable united states annex cuba cuba part united states civil war southerners wanted conquer cuba slavery continue expand missionaries merchants began settle hawaii pressure annex hawaii grew fifty united states took philippines hawaii americans supported actions believed manifest destiny
josiah strong christian missionary wrote divine destiny united states spread superior civilization fortunate peoples combined darwin idea survival fittest idea spread protestant christian civilization needs mankind lifted light highest christian civilization pure spiritual christianity civil liberty forces contributed elevation human race follows anglo saxon supporter ideas god brother keeper god training anglo saxon race hour sure future unoccupied land westward today worlds unoccupied farm lands earth limited soon coming overpopulation felt felt europe asia enter stage history final competition races anglo saxon trained race liberty purest christianity highest civilization talents needed spread mankind spread earth wrong powerful race move mexico central south america islands sea africa
account describes united states involved philippines president william mckinley reasons making american colony read look answer question united states control philippines interest idealism hundred cuba philippine islands belonged spain spain interested colonies brought wealth home country revolts occasionally broke colonies seriously threaten spanish control revolt broke cuba drive spaniards island rebels began burning crops factories rebels spanish troops guilty brutal tactics rebels cleverly won important american support americans invested million cuba rebels promised destroy american property owners paid protection money money collected main ways financing rebellion put americans solidly rebels york newspapers york journal owned william randolph hearst york owned joseph pulitzer discovered sensational stories increased newspaper sales cuban rebellion provided sensational stories sensational true pulitzer york cuban victims spanish brutality follows skulls split pieces eyes
january prohibition effect united states eighteenth amendment put cork bottle alcohol medical industrial religious purposes banned volstead act passed enforce prohibition prohibition commissioner announced law obeyed cities large small villages obeyed enforced law says liquor beverage manufactured manufactured sold hauled surface earth earth air law obeyed fifteen hundred prohibition agents hired entire population united states drinking liquor impossible task agents slight dent amount liquor york city selection show month flat ridge street york lower east side lived fat named isadore einstein called izzy salesman minor clerk york post office looking decided found read newspaper government plans pay prohibition enforcement agents looked detective izzy einstein
prohibition continued grew rich supplying illegal liquor growing number speakeasies selection describes operation powerful leaders underworld johnny torrio partner al capone leader underworld affairs johnny torrio unequalled history american crime nearest thing real master mind country produced conducted evil businesses legal morning kissed wife motored magnificently furnished offices floor deuces bought sold women conferred managers brothels gambling dens issued instructions rum runners bootleggers arranged corruption police city officials gun squads kill rival gangsters interfering plans accompanied killers trips boasted proudly fired pistol foremost vice lord united states annual income prostitution hundred thousand dollars johnny torrio began organize beer liquor traffic chicago late summer held conferences leaders principal criminal gangs persuaded abandon bank robbery burglary banditry favor bootlegging rum running
nicknames jazz age roaring twenties turbulent twenties teeming twenties whoopee era fabulous decade lawless decade maybe era wonderful nonsense peak nonsense wonderful half glorious decade produced wacky characters alvin shipwreck kelly flagpole sitter calling luckiest fool alive sailor perched atop pole st louis building days succeeding months doubled despite considerable competition nation flagpole sitter flagpoles shipwreck adorned fifty feet high fellow shipwreck chair rubber covered wooden seat strapped tightly round flagpole ball took fluids milk coffee broth hoisted bucket slept thumbs anchored holes bored wooden seat sleet storm hatchet chip ice body flagpoles atop hotels shipwreck endurance feats brought business peered street paid fifty cents ride roof closer view redheaded flapper aged eighteen stood damn fool replied angrily knows slapped face
atlantic seaboard appalachian mountains ohio mississippi valleys prairies mountains deserts pacific shore women homes wilderness westward movement centuries empty land populated settling land easy job space travel opens planets settlement americans adventures travelers space taking greatest risks follow easier enjoy comforts settled nation united states began thin string struggling colonies atlantic shore move westward fur trappers traders crossed appalachians moved mississippi valley rocky mountains northwest spaniards establishing settlements southwest sixteenth century trappers traders explorers trail blazers guides pioneer farmers looking living space cheap rich land cut farms forest pushed forward frontier edge settlement sold land soon land started filling settlers stayed built permanent homes permanent settlers attracted storekeepers bankers newspapermen postal clerks needed farming community
thousands settlers crossed plains trains covered wagons bound rich lands oregon california group settlers searched land utah deep heart burning desert tried form independent nation called deseret mormons members newly formed church jesus christ saints continually persecuted beliefs mormons teachings leader joseph smith followers settled nauvoo illinois smith brother murdered mob brigham young took leader church worked hard build smith death brigham young realized dangerous mormons stay illinois homes farms burned lives constantly threatened winter set utah mormons reason making westward trek pioneers difficulties faced typical faced crossed continent ridgepole sister green tent broke weight snow children half buried clothes wet clothes children wet fingers toes cheeks discolored frostbite children lethargic tired cried easily
spanish settlers brought cattle texas allowed wander wild cattle later bred cattle brought settlers united states breed created texas longhorn longhorns quickly multiplied million longhorns roamed southern tip texas civil war ended texans returned find cattle wandering texas worth dollars head st louis chicago buyers paying thirty forty dollars head drive cattle texas st louis easy job trail missouri illinois closed texas longhorns missouri farmers want large herds running lands trail california miners pay high prices beef hard cattle thirty illinois joseph mc coy solved texans problems built cattle trading station railroad kansas mc coy figured cattle driven north texas sold kansas carried train packing houses chicago help refrigerator cars fresh beef chicago east coast took months build abilene kansas ready action cattle missing mc coy waste
god help average human logan county west virginia counties southern appalachia beautiful mountain region west virginia northern alabama americans scotch welsh irish descent gasping economic suffocation today live crumbling shacks sitting idle eating inadequate food coal practical purposes source money logan county mines place mines suddenly needed total family budget mrs johnson children month federal aid dependent children administered run local county rules highest family payment johnsons pay month rent cottage rooms running water copious large amounts roof rains pay month electricity goes stove refrigerator electricity bill low cook open fire yard leaves family ten month means food shopping nearby small store automobile costs american family amount social status
labor earth wrote thomas jefferson chosen god jefferson didn american migrant workers million women children pay farms move farm farm live poverty american poor normal workings american society hands pick nation lettuce tomatoes beans strawberries onions potatoes interstate workers country exempt federal minimum wage laws workers interstate commerce states don require children school eligible welfare don live place vote don unemployment compensation money families workmen compensation killed injured job average migrant worker earned families young frequently hard admit thing child labor exists special census showed children ages ten fifteen employed agriculture nearly families negroes spanish speaking americans texas california cent children ten mildred mason real skinny girl generation migrant worker knows headed wants change
papagos live natural splendor arizona desert square miles purple mesa flat topped mountains bright color sources income rent kitt peak foot mountain lease universities research astronomy capita person income papagos average american suffer disease dietary deficiency lack proper food families papagos white education training deal steadily steady living reservation top papagos standard living half average non indian arizona families live subsistence level amount money needed live modern united states hang cultivating tiny gardens raising small herds cattle cutting wood occasionally picking cotton cent papagos speak english destitute poor follow hint families move temporarily cotton fields odd jobs reservation migrations moves burdening children interrupted education lack health services plight getting worse government worker reservation says half families cash working cotton fields
end fifteenth century europeans forced deal italian arab merchants order trade orient lands eastern asia promised sources fabulous wealth europeans find deal directly desire wealth attraction unknown tempted european explorers look sea routes orient portuguese led portuguese discovered madeira azores bartolomeu dias european sail southern tip africa vasco da sea voyage directly india christopher columbus italian thought idea going west reach orient trip round believed round proof august columbus began journey spain atlantic ocean hoping reach orient columbus thinking round mistake figuring size earth figured distance canary islands western hump africa japan miles fact distance miles easy understand columbus thought asia found islands caribbean
permanent english settlement united states planted jamestown virginia colony founded mainly post trading indians searching gold early colonists farmers relied provisions england bought indians sixty hundred colonists lived winter known starving plague brought newly arrived immigrants killed nearly thousand settlers indians killed despite difficulties colony survived account dates describes conditions sir thomas smith mentioned end selection founders virginia company trading company managed colony england allowance times ounces meal half pint peas moldy rotten full cobwebs insects loathsome fit beasts forced flee relief savage indians captured put death hanging shooting breaking wheel forced starvation steal bellies stealing pints oatmeal nail thrust tongue tied chain tree starved
hot august women children demonstrated front lincoln memorial civil rights blacks selection speech dr martin luther king jr say today friends spite difficulties frustrations moment dream dream deeply rooted american dream dream nation rise live true meaning creed hold truths evident created equal dream red hills georgia sons slaves sons slaveowners able sit table brotherhood dream children live nation judged color skin content character dream today dream alabama black boys black girls able join hands white boys white girls walk sisters brothers dream today hope faith return south faith able pray struggle jail stand freedom knowing free
historian looks evidence past comes hunch calls hunch hypothesis checks hypothesis evidence find hypothesis fit facts throw try hypothesis hunch hypothesis fit facts called conclusion interpretation interpretation facts tree roots house foundation won stand historians rarely facts interpretations tentative final methods historian consider employer trying decide hire job applicant employer sizes applicant applicant appearance qualifications employer checks applicant references applicant appearance education past experience references evidence employer makes hypothesis hires applicant hypothesis applicant worth later proved wrong applicant performance job employer forms conclusion class teacher size teacher looks clothes says says guess hypothesis type teacher school
england colonies mainland north america west indies africa india colonies sources tobacco rice rum firs lumber items british merchants purchased goods colonies sold colonies manufactured goods acting middleman britain money trade colonies order money colonies britain colonies trading countries century american revolution british parliament began pass series trade laws called navigation acts acts import taxes products restricted colonial shipping prevented development industries colonies limited places colonies buy sell products navigation acts obeyed colonial merchants broke british trade laws higher prices goods holland spain france british navy spend enforcing laws smuggling colonists common fact smuggling developed point trade laws enforced colonial merchants suffered seriously despite amount illegal trade carried colonists profits rolled british treasury french indian war british eager enforce trade laws british felt colonists help britain defeat france north america
french indian war ended problem solved colonists created british colonists french threat western frontier removed england pay large debt created war find prevent warfare frontier colonists indians colonists moving westward establishing settlements ohio valley indians considered land determined pontiac ottawa chief led indian rebellion frontier push white indian land indians defeated destroyed british forts frontier prevent indian unrest parliament issued proclamation proclamation forbade settlers move remain west applachian mountains settlers moved ohio valley areas west mountains want return cononists considered land parliament considered land british property ruled parliament saw fit england ten thousand british soldiers protect colonists indian attacks pay troops raise money pay war debt french indian war england started collecting taxes passed uncollected
condition united states revolutionary war borka americans needed choose government united states underdeveloped visitors observed country nearly trees farm hacked woods america million lived worked farms communication thirteen states difficult bad roads telephones radios telegraphs airplanes cars trains today charleston south carolina wants talk boston massachusetts reach phone seconds hop plane person hour sailing ship took days charleston boston finally states sure wanted firmly united fighting british formed alliance common enemy fighting england jealous liberty wanted examine government carefully giving small part hard won freedom states loosely held weak central government constitution called articles confederation thought states firmly united feared central government strengthened united states fall
delegates small states jersey delaware maryland wanted states number representatives congress delegates pennsylvania virginia large states thought ridiculous thought large states representatives small states disagreement complicated delaware delegates threat walk convention didn edmund randolph governor delegate virginia represented largest nation nearly including slaves lived virginia population equaled populations delaware rhode island georgia hampshire jersey connecticut combined randolph think fair small delaware number representatives congress ten times size virginia argued equal numbers equal numbers representatives fair asked person delaware power ten virginia delegate william paterson jersey smaller virginia paterson determined let big states boss smaller states argued reason big votes congress small government federation equal states congress laws apply states states equal voice making laws
division powers central governments main principle constitution called principle federalism federalism recall subject debate constitutional convention george washington alexander hamilton believed federal government powerful luther martin william paterson believed states important powers result compromise powers going federal government powers going states listed important powers federal governments answered questions lesson governments federal government greater power understanding federalism study pressure occasions american history disagreed federal government powers held eleven southern states believed ideas federal government federalism longer remain federal system withdrew form country recent conflict federal government took place late famous central high school case governor orval faubus arkansas challenged federal court order tried prevent rock white high school integrated key issue conflict federal courts
light sources brighter cell light source brighter cell light source test prediction photometer help compare brightness light sources simple photometer blocks wax size shape need rubber bands piece aluminum foil cut foil size wax block fold shiny surfaces place foil wax blocks rubber bands hold blocks foil photometer ready light reaches side photometer lights wax side light side lights block aluminum foil stops light going block observing bright block compare bright light source photometer compare brightness light sources hold photometer wax block light directly window look edges blocks block brighter direct light window brighter light room turn photometer block faces window brighter blocks
telescope boy sees shown circle field view sees woodpecker part tree looks telescope light objects reach eyes field view camera choose field view decide want picture girl taking snapshot classmates picture think move closer farther pupils looking similar tubes counting squares squares think field view think girl sees number squares boys number squares boys fewer squares girls try length tube change field view suppose boy tube half friend distance friend try test prediction roll sheets paper sighting tubes sure length fat skinny stand mark floor look thin tube squared paper record squares
fooled mirror think saw mirror real object mirror looks real look mirror real thing reflection image object light image looks real hard tell mirror real images flat mirror glass reach bump glass standing front mirror move close note image appears move farther watch image times try predict image move change object position front mirror happens image tape small flat mirror side block wood stand piece graph paper mark squares front mirror look mirror mirror image mark times record positions mark image piece graph paper shown picture predict image mark mirror
thousands kinds organisms scientists sorted groups grouping organisms makes easier understand grow behave important scientists able communicate organisms suppose living things common names easy exchange ideas places common mean organisms names kind organism hard scientists communicate organisms scientists developed system naming organisms kind organism scientific living things kinds scientific parts genus species kinds organisms similar ways grouped genus horses zebras alike genus horses zebras similar ways tell horses species zebras species kind living thing genus group species genus written beginning capital letter family family likewise kinds organisms genus
look fern brown dots underside leaves ferns grow woods shady places lay large piece leaves dots sheet white paper leave put piece leaf dot microscope adjust microscope dot shows clearly bring bright lamp warm leaf dot watch dot carefully happening tiny round cases hold spores snap open dry scatters spores land passed look white paper think happened fungi group plants seeds ferns produce spores green ferns plants fungi white brown gray colorful fungi live live soil inside fallen trees dead animals plants chlorophyll green stuff leaves food chemicals soil water air later food plants food animals eat fungi food feed organisms things lived
magnets pull things things magnets pull attract classmates test sorts things record tests look carefully materials attracted alike solids liquids gases heavy size metal color rusty wet days materials attracted magnets find objects paint coatings hide material underneath hard tell object attracted magnet need careful test object small tie piece thread hang stops swinging slowly move magnet close breeze object move breeze magnet object large thing reverse hang small magnet thread slowly bring magnet close object watch carefully sign attraction sand found live magnetic minerals sprinkle pinch dry sand sheet paper ask lift paper edges hold level
air warmed expands takes space cool container air warmed moves container makes container warmed air weigh cooler heavier air free flow container push lighter warmer air warm air rise pushed cooler heavier air air warmed fire expands cooler heavier air nearby flows replace warmer air moving cooler air moving warmer air wind air move direction wind thought air moving horizontally burning air warmer ways air warmed water lake sea warmer air land surface absorbs sun radiant energy surfaces paved areas plowed fields cities forests entire continents places big valleys mountains oceans small cars cats candles driveways water drops winds result light strong depending size surface warm earth surface high places low
kind weather goes winds directions depends things city ocean lies west high mountains east west wind bring air cool ocean surface weather cool damp east wind bring air mountain warm land bring warm dry weather reverse true east wind bring cool damp weather west wind bring drier weather west wind bring moisture rain ocean air crossed mountains lost moisture dry weather south wind warm damp air rain maybe thunderstorms warm ocean lies south south wind hot dry weather warm ocean south kind weather accompanies wind direction wind direction bring weather place distance smog partly weather condition wind direction city affect smog conditions parts wind direction determines direction smoke pollution
set deep pan overflow sink trough strong cardboard line plastic rest trough blocks slopes pan fill pan clear water overflows pour muddy water upper end trough watch runs downhill pan later water pan cleared add muddy water trough times mud places colors careful record person adds let mud stand dry cut piece examine layers match record sort thing happens puddles small streams rainwater carry mud observe going puddles dry layers mud simply cut pieces dry mud look edges process takes place creek river flows pond lake sea running water slowed enters larger body water mud settles forms layers bottom material settles water called sediment sediment consists rock particles sand mud
thought weight force objects weight pulled earth objects earth attract attraction called gravity want find weight force earth pulls scales balances weighing devices kinds spring scales beam balances springs stretch bend objects hung objects weigh springs stretch bend spring scales measure forces weight act saws compare weight objects side standard weights beam beam balance level weights sides equal boys drawn vector represent weight length vector shows force earth attraction draw vector boy weighed lined paper counted spaces pounds weight drew vector spaces added showed vector pointing downward earth pull downward boy mistake find boys drawing single vector vectors put
forces transmitted materials separate parts chains trains pull transmitted wire push stick evidence wire stick materials tiny particles force acts material transmitted particle strong force material transmit depends tiny particles hold shoelace strong enought transmit force breaks true fish lines grocery bags pencil points particles objects separated transmit forces act course things transmit greater forces say things stronger strong kinds thread string fair tests samples hang weight holder sample weight holder light plastic pail round handle wrap sample desk table top shown picture tape ends desk table rounded edges knot sample sharp bend sample weaken test unfair choose weights place pail large nails size fine
excellent chemistry morning combined calcium carbon dioxide produce calcium carbonate words drank milk changed bone material cells separated proteins amino acids combined acids type protein words eaten egg morning part muscles body constantly making chemical supply building materials energy kinds complicated chemical things light match burn piece paper paper crumbles ashes part goes air smoke invisible gases boil potato wash soap water producing chemical course chemist play substances scientist works purpose works carefully measured quantities observes carefully keeps accurate records observations chapter experiments notebook record experiment try scientist marvelous works chemists found ways transforming chunks stiff splintery wood sheets soft white paper white silky cloth lumps coal salt
child diamond grove missouri carver known plant doctor schooling read knew names plants grow surely care grow carver soon learn read graduated college chemist teacher tuskegee institute alabama devoted solving agricultural problems southern farmer developed insecticides disease cures save crops cattle destruction greatest problem facing southern farmer cotton rich soil worn constant planting single crop carver knew farmers rotate cotton crops crops peanuts sweet potatoes soil fertile farmers depended sale crops money live plant crops want buy carver put chemical knowledge devising products obtained peanuts sweet potatoes altogether developed peanut including products twine dyes sweet potato scientific skill inventiveness chemists scientists thousands materials laboratory simple material idea combine form important product
chemical change energy change chemical energy burning candle chemical change change heat energy light energy say output energy heat light chemical elements combined output energy kinds chemical require input energy happen separate carbon cellulose wood put heat energy chemical compound separated elements input energy needed atoms compound held chemical bonds break chemical bonds energy put bonds stronger bonds sulfur silver strong bonds sulfur aluminum stronger put tarnished silver spoon aluminum pan aluminum greater force attraction sulfur silver weak bonds silver sulfur broken stronger bonds aluminum sulfur chemist stir things test tube comes chemical bonds elements knows energy makes chemical
animals move ways ability move help animal observe fish small aquarium structures fish move water ways fish eels sharks move compare movements young tadpole adult frog kinds animals live water move limbs land animal compare limbs sea animal seal list ways animals move land fastest land animal move animals wings parts wings move air animals birds kinds animals fly ways ability fly help animal survive cut patterns wing shapes birds attach large sheet paper paper show birds glide soar birds fly birds spend lot water find fast birds fly wing shapes help bird fly fast dive skim water glide soar collection seeds examine clues tell spread maple pine elm tree seeds dandelion milkweed seeds spread wind
adaptation structure trait helps organism survive environment place organism lives habitat habitat amounts water light minerals plants animals adapted habitat scientists formed theory explain organisms adapted survive theory called theory evolution based observations hypotheses hypothesis kinds organisms find earth simple kinds organisms past hypothesis organisms find today developed slowly earth history hypothesis suggests slow development organism environment inherited traits changed learn theory nongreen plants food directly soil green plants sunlight food carbon dioxide gas air water minerals soil plant roots adapted water dissolved minerals soil tiny root hairs extending roots plants root hairs pick water minerals stem leaves plants adapted transport carry water minerals plant plant cells adapted storing water winter animals adapted getting food ways feet teeth mammals feet beaks birds mouth parts reptiles amphibians fish main structures getting food
overproduction means organism produces young survive adults plant radish clover seeds paper cup flower pot factors pots temperature light soil water week seeds germinate count number seedlings pot seeds pot survive week weeks count seedlings pot compare growth appearance seedlings pot accounts differences predict plants survive plants growing month check predictions crowding affect plants pot things plants compete struggle grow survive collect live tent caterpillars spring eat kinds leaves find look caterpillars put caterpillars leaves tree find gallon jar tank put caterpillars gallon jar tank number leaves cover jars fine mesh wire remove leaves eaten add fresh jar sure add number observe growth behavior groups caterpillars
globe color water varied ocean varies depth parts scientists maps ocean floor taking soundings measurements ocean aquarium tank ocean closest continent shoreline shallowest part part known continental shelf actually extension land fish live continental shelf oil found places scientists believe continental shelves part continents gradually covered water continental shelves meters ft deep sharp drop kilometers mi area drop continental slope floor ocean called basin basin consists mountains valleys huge mountain ridges basin extends greenland south america australia distance kilometers mi mountain peaks rise surface water form islands azores valleys basin called trenches trenches deepest points ocean mariana trench pacific kilometers mi surface deepest part ocean basin volcanoes form
fill milk bottles tap water bottle stir green food coloring tablespoons salt place index card lid bottle salt water turn upside lid exactly lid bottle remove card observe movement water try thing reversing bottles salted water bottom fresh water top explain happening observations similar investigation warm cold water warm water forms layer top cold water read thermometer tank found water warmer top layer colder bottom layer takes layers reach temperature warm water dense cold water floats top cold denser water temperature layers equal layers start mix parts density ocean tank coldest water bottom depths water move compared upper parts moved winds temperature closest bottom fairly
seen ocean waves larger times months waves higher closer shore times waves break farther shore line times movement ocean waters regular period called tide tides caused gravitational pull earth moon sun sun farther earth moon gravitational pull sun strong moon pull gravity side earth facing moon forces water bulge moon pulls solid part earth causing move water opposite side creates bulges tides side earth water opposite sides moon flattens forms low tides rubber band stretches moon pulled moon revolves earth month revolves position relation sun earth saw rubber band movement size bulge moon position bulge largest sun moon earth straight line
lenses refraction light lenses smooth polished glass thicknesses refraction light controlled light bends normal enters glass lens bends normal leaves glass lens convex lens light converge point light rays distant source converge focal point distance lens point light distant source converges focal length lens object farther lens focal length upside inverted image formed screen convex lens magnifies objects viewed lens distance magnifying glass hand lens convex lens objects larger concave lens light diverge spread concave lens form image screen light coming concave lens spreads eyes detect bending light rays eyes follow light rays going straight lens convex lens distance screen image appears larger object move screen closer image smaller look concave lens image smaller object lenses eyes convex lenses
play marbles ways energy transmitted roll marble strike happens rolling marble knocks marble energy transmitted particle motion energy transmitted moving marble line marbles touch roll marble hits marble row happens marble knocked marbles stay line energy transmitted wave motion energy transmitted marbles moving particle motion energy transmitted matter moving place wave motion energy transmitted matter moving observe water waves waves rope identify properties waves fill large pan tank water drop marble eraser part pencil middle tank note wave set spreads sides tank drop marbles regular intervals tank say observe wave starts spreads tank mark point end tank count number waves pass mark waves pass point drop marbles quickly waves pass point
band colors hold prism light spectrum spectrum ordinary incandescent lamp spectrum sunlight called visible spectrum colors visible spectrum violet indigo blue green yellow orange red pass band colors prism prism white light wave model light explains light broken spectrum light enters glass material refracted bent color spectrum bent angles indigo violet colors end spectrum bent red light end spectrum bent colors hold filter front spectrum filter transmit color light absorb colors blue filter transmits blue light absorbs colors filter objects absorb colors light transmit colors reflection red object transmits red light red object absorbs colors red reflects eyes objects reflect combinations colors object reflects blue red light looks purple object reflects blue green light looks bluish green objects reflect colors look white color reflected object looks black
scientists found ddt lasts sprayed foliage rain washes streams lakes fatty tissues water dwelling animals ddt soil earthworms robins birds eat earthworms affected ddt worms dig earthworms buy bait store cut worms parts cm grind pieces sand mortar pestle process called maceration carefully transfer macerated worms flask add ml kerosene flask stopper flask let stand minutes shake repeat operations times leave flask standing overnight solid material settle kerosene ddt worm tissues ddt worms dissolved solution catch flies mosquitoes beetles overnight jars food water covered fine gauze pour clear kerosene solution atomizer spray ml kerosene solution insects jar spray ml plain kerosene insects jar liquid effective killing insects
survey neighborhood find needs cleaning vacant lot littered street tell parents friends classmates teachers neighbors pictures posters plan cleaning improving lot playground organize teams job pictures reached goal group class school church neighborhood project compare environment project posters show help clean neighborhoods develop discovery trip school community identify ecology study areas sidewalks driveways dirt paths lawns plant school discovery spots find areas maintained improved share discoveries interest observing destroying survey conservation activities community find designed improve environment activity help locate collection recycling center metal cans bottles newspaper cardboard start drive recycling materials school find materials recycled natural material conserves find paper class week school paper entire school
weight dish affect distance moves weight strikes set apparatus heaviest weight let weight strike dish high point record distance dish moves add milliliters water dish swing weight point dish move add milliliters water graph showing amount water dish distance dish moves conclusions draw graph remove dish base perform investigation pull weight number side release carefully note height rises opposite side explain result try experiment heights results similar weight swing height released think return height need empty round soup washer weight rubber band string punch holes end shown cut rubber band thread holes form pattern tie weight rubber band cross band push loose lid closed tie ends rubber band
longer paper clip pencil pencil book book desk estimate cut piece string exactly length desk string measure length classroom desks classroom measure length string terms paper clips paper clips string paper clips classroom watch sweep hand measure takes walk length school grounds seconds minutes walk length school ground distance measure length distance earth sun miles jet plane moving miles hour travel sun light travels speed miles light travel sun earth distance earth miles light moving miles travel earth nearest star miles light travel distance answer seconds change measuring comparing measure distances comparing distance compare distance desk length room
bell whirled string hear change pitch frequency sound studied sound frequency number vibrations sound producing object sound travels waves say frequency number waves pass point higher frequency waves pass ears frequency bell sound higher bell moves lower bell moves change frequency source sound moves called doppler effect doppler effect observed light light travels waves astronomers analyze spectrum light distant galaxies spectral lines fingerprint chemical elements closer red end spectrum similar lines light sources earth astronomers call shift lines red end spectrum red shift color light spectrum red orange yellow green blue frequency red light lower frequency blue light red shift observed spectrum galaxy astronomers figure frequency light galaxy lower doppler effect frequency light lower light sources moving
hold finger outlet air pump try force air pump pressing handle happens temperature pump pumping tape thermometer side pump happens temperature explain observations pull shades room dark open shades thin beam sunlight enters observe moving dust particles beam sunlight particles dust move clap dusty erasers form dust ways dust particles move universe formed safe say scientists questioned universe beginning existed find scientists start basic idea scientific principles processes observe earth space parts universe worked common kind uranium decays breaks rate half uranium changed helium lead billion scientists believe process universe believe process occurred
traditionally teen limited home family neighborhood limits events moved slow pace lots things teen agers enjoyed think try fail try dream teen changed information doubles order survive fast moving changing technology teen forced step pace living necessity fast moving individual successful degree able adapt pace set today listen transistor radio japan walk shoes spain italy wear shirt blouse taiwan listen english french german records pick ideas building set values determining goals manage fit neighborhood tv brings places ideas corner globe space earlier history teen complex exciting news travels fast political event economic change taking place europe middle east asia today influence tomorrow
move independence adult begin interdependent lean earth air sky water shared nations set boundaries problems compounded increasing population expected increased contributions improvement consider contributions role acting fit situation ability fit society determined play roles roles play teen indication types roles fill successfully adult moment attending doctor midwife announces boy girl human treated member sex factor lifelong impact person moment remember thought son daughter brother sister nephew niece grandson granddaughter popular speak women weaker sex research shown boys girls die birth girls mature ahead boys women group live longer consider boy girl influenced think
person sees view called concept concept developed born center personality influences think say traits sense screened concept attitude reflected strong concept shows confidence abilities weak concept makes hard person understand steps strengthen personality ideal home person accepted feeling acceptance important building healthy concept person feels rejected likely feel uneasy unhappy receive emotional support home look help guidance find help school club activities adults involved providing activities interested helping young secure accepting industrial revolution ushered age machines changed lived prior emphasis teen young childhood adulthood fuss simply children young frequently labored hours farms factories
home house combination materials talents skills activities feelings hopes group draws build family think home offer physical protection mental emotional spiritual guidance love security sense belonging provide background family helps young members prepare adulthood fact kind background makes happy meaningful home lives food clothing shelter basic normal development child grow rounded adult basics quality enters home child needs receive nourishing food clothing clean dry shelter home meets needs adds meaning spirit love ways home add meaning home love security offers members chance open minds mental emotional growth talk listened home begin development early chance school allowed attend social group activities mental emotional needs met slightly environments activities home approved family young grow rapid pace neglected older family members
looking younger children family responsibility accepted part basis teen agers family caring younger brothers sisters mean free spent asked feed put bed play older children turns younger opportunity cooperation compromise child care fun chore develop attitude assignment family members fun family works plays parents children learn share care busiest modern families plans celebrations holidays special events enrich strengthen relationships family family members fond majority decision matters enjoy activity part pleasure derived knowing cooperative family members family interests determine activities planned family fun sports loving group enjoy fishing bowling family active physically pleasure indoor games picnic cook parents children play musical instruments family doubtless enjoy playing listening music equipment family fun need expensive activities chosen space equipment easily secured
children won things especially hard learn skill teen agers mature decide parents insistence children learn things ages seen young child run friend brag older brother sister skill area try hide teen agers proud younger brothers sisters learn walk talk advance school young child teen agers sharing family pleasure growth members interest family members helps build strong lasting family ties baby arrival brings operation household family begin baby born soon woman suspects pregnant appointment prenatal clinic doctor doctor specializes care expectant mothers delivery babies called obstetrician mother follows doctor directions pregnancy baby added chance health lives doctor suggest extra rest mother
considered lucky friends knack getting richer smarter reached goals actually person lucky friends success result wise management resources basic resources resources things fingertips help reach goals kinds resources heard natural resources air water land timber space heard national resources factories labor force economic institutions human resources include abilities areas energy skills aptitudes intelligence imagination patience understanding human resources include goods equipment produced goods equipment called material resources money listed material resource wondering learn manage things considered resources fortunately need manage basic resources include energy money obtain goods services need want talents skills help effective basic resources resources rarely stand
large school system likely represent wide cross section society variation residents resources covers considerable range instance incomes families community vary extent amounts free energy teen agers fully understand energy resources aware amount money school friends spend matter varying amounts teen agers flexible highly successful fitting cooperative happy group flexibility teen agers able look surface consider energy resources aware resources money understand family deal money resources equally important typical school system mark students mark known busy parents living income large income mark amount money decides ask buy chooses knows useless ask parents energy resources assigned making money pursuit interests joe attend school
consumer goods goods increase consumer big figure news produced things needed wanted home informed content quality product longer true today buyers consumer goods display modern store need background information order wise buying decisions product serve purposes consumer questions informed buyer asks learning produce needed wanted goods continue important part learning process average person today buys material possessions services emphasis changed knowing person needs learn intelligent consumer decisions money worthwhile terms buys reason learning spend wisely satisfying important spend money earn earn deal money learn spend worthwhile goals understand needs consumer viewpoint materials sustain wants things services add pleasure meaning
blouses shirts large part teen age wardrobes key considerations buying popular garments fabric fashion blouses shirts joy wear care carefully selected fibers blends natural fibers wise selections polyester cotton blend successful polyester adds strength fabric comfortable wear absorbent qualities cotton blend durable press finish garment buy fads blouse shirt field areas clothing industry try buy fashion collar sleeves general body cut shirt blouse current fashion buy confidence garment chosen remain smart looking ahead look sturdy seams full cut shoulder area sufficient length buttonholes buttons washings blouses shirts worn seldom wise buy expensive garment buy quality adequate give reasonable wear decision spend extra dollar type garment wise decision pants skirts bought teen agers frequently shirts blouses
difference dressed person poorly dressed person lies care clothes matter outfits hanging closet bought worn enjoyed wearable condition rip seam missing button soiled neckline spot give impression messy careless person clothes show look care don care think taking care clothes ways show family growing accepting responsibility easier persuade grown hold job social dates responsible person home teen agers feel weekly washing ironing care clothes need laundry frequently responsibility unfortunately young don daily care clothes help weekly care easier effective brush clothes carefully return proper places wearing treat spots stains repair rips tears damage soon find clothes generally wearable condition look wearing
variety ready wear garments continues grow strange growing trend home sewing predicted variety clothing popular prices increased families longer find need sew reverse true sale fabrics patterns sewing machines grown greater rate population average person owns clothes today think reasons unpredicted interest home sewing think home sewing economy amount money person ability sew clothes buying similar clothing ready sews cut garments fit figure problems reasons growing trend home sewing modern seamstresses tell sew fit economy sew feeling accomplishment express personal creativity selection combination styles colors fabrics wear original kind garments say say sewing skill enjoyed women fact tailors dress designers
milk important food early flocks herds countries babies transferred mother milk directly form cow milk countries milk supplied goats water buffalo reindeer milk cows writers suggested sea mammals important suppliers milk need milk outgrows supply land mammals milk excellent source calcium phosphorus vitamin added dairy milk nutritive elements needed bone building milk important vitamins complex riboflavin thiamine milk vitamin milk sources complete protein fact quart milk half protein person needs milk source nutrients families sure children include daily diet teen agers think important drink milk bodies reached full size growth part story bone muscle cells continually wear die replaced body continues nutrients needs milk sources nutrients deal truth expression outgrow need milk milk
vitamins minerals supplied fruits vegetables lost cooking process daily serving raw fruits vegetables important contribution health fruit vegetable juices add important nutrients daily diet raw fruits vegetables added cooked food garnish garnishes tend dish pleasing eye add interesting texture contrasts food appetizing salads high list food favorites fruits vegetables combination type food ingredient special salad addition fruits vegetables meat fish poultry cheese bread cubes frequently salad ingredients cooked fresh frozen canned salads raw fruits vegetables small pieces fruits vegetables served molded gelatin salads carrots cabbage celery numerous canned fruits vegetables favorites gelatin molds salads stretch small amount food satisfying servings especially times fruits vegetables unusually expensive inexpensive molded salads add flavor color uninteresting meal unflavored gelatin soften small amount cold liquid adding liquid ingredients
appetizing prepared meal look inviting attractively served attractive table improves atmosphere dining table set food served real difference mealtime enjoyment table manners rules table setting intended dining relaxing comfortable learning simple rules enjoy meals contribute happiness table setting background meal helped times setting table family meals simple arrangements flowers greenery fresh permanent provide special touch ordinary table freshly baked cake attraction center table delight youngest family member oldest express creativity simple tasks table setting table attractive set expensive simplest tableware idea family sterling silver crystal china order complete home date today young families aware important things casual living enjoy tableware happen choice colors shapes textures produce table settings show interest beauty cost unimportant simple rules table setting serve guide occasions
seen europe accustomed eastern products spices sugar perfumes silks goods brought italian traders italian cities especially venice genoa worked flourishing trade east making huge profits italian merchants actually journey east arabian traders traveled distant lands returned goods sold italians let important routes arab traders travels look map page read trace routes traders northern route difficult led china westward wide plains asia journey half black sea mediterranean sea central route sea land arabian seamen carried wares northward western coast india persian gulf caravans took goods overland seaports eastern mediterranean southern route water route china india arabia red sea short distance land seaports egypt italian merchants picked goods remember matter routes ended italian merchants hand buy goods arab traders
columbus remember discovered islands caribbean sea cuba hispaniola puerto rico found gold sure discovered islands coast asia spain ships supplies found settlements soon settlers land develop large farms called plantations bold adventurers penniless soldiers flocked cuba hispaniola hope making fortunes gold found islands wealthy farm rich soil raise cattle slow dreamed riches settlements adventurous set explore islands caribbean steppingstones mainland spaniards eager days young upper class spain chose soldiering career early spain armies war soldiers wanted adventure riches unknown unexplored beckoned brave caballero gentlemen spain wouldn risk fame fortune remember spanish deeply religious believed duty convert heathen christianity offered chance gain riches save souls
learned spain built huge empire leading power europe suppose european powers felt spain important position guess resented power spain smaller children fear bigger boy bully countries europe feared spain jealous huge possessions believed spain riches lands fact heard line demarcation dividing newly found lands spain portugal page king france scornfully asked show father adam leaving spain portugal naturally england france holland eager lessen power spain nations strike spain carry secret trade colonies spanish regulations forbade trade non spanish traders agreements deliver goods seaport towns anchor coast land merchandise night small boats english captain boldly sailed armed ship port landed negro slaves sold eyes spanish officials illegal trade took wealth pockets spanish merchants strike spain actually attacking merchant treasure ships
news boston tea party reached faraway britain englishmen agreed colonists george iii ministers angry felt unruly colonists taught lesson reason laws passed punish massachusetts laws closed port boston trade owners tea paid loss law took massachusetts rights government troops boston commander general thomas gage appointed governor massachusetts colonists laws harsh called intolerable acts intolerable means unbearable news intolerable acts spread colonies felt sorry massachusetts angry british government food supplies poured boston colonies virginia house burgesses proclaimed prayer fasting protest intolerable acts wonder colonies heard massachusetts punishment responded quickly colonists resisted strict control british known patriots patriots colonies found samuel adams suggested committee formed boston write letters correspond citizens towns tell happening believed protect rights
early fighting seen broke boston page later york center fighting chief reasons city york finest harbor coast british needed control army supplied holding line hudson river lake champlain north british england cut rest colonies colonies divided british find easier conquer section hoping prevent british seizing york washington moved forces boston island attacked late summer british forces halifax general howe americans badly defeated cover darkness fog american army managed escape north york city british took possession city royal welcome wealthy loyalists remained control york end war wishing learn plans british general washington called volunteers york city volunteers twenty captain nathan hale war brave young schoolteacher connecticut washington chose nathan hale dangerous task finding british plans
understand canada affected american revolution turn remember britain gained territory france defeated rival question french north america asking rulers force stop speaking language prevent going church terms surrender gave french settlers native speech religion fears agreement carried french colonists wondered lands built homes englishmen french colonists learned relief british government thought forcing adopt english customs speech thirteen british colonies beginning talk liberty defending rights britain realized french settlers felt wronged listen gladly dangerous talk british colonists south britain continued kind government french colonists accustomed promised worship roman catholic church lands fair treatment england hoped win trust loyalty french canadians
beginning story westward movement need understand clearly meant west today americans terms describe west speak west rocky mountain region pacific coast southwest arizona mexico texas middle west referred west term describe frontier region territory lay established settlements untamed wilderness americans moved steadily westward frontier moved westward feel call west indian trader hunter traveled wilderness armed hunting knife rifle term hunter lived open killed game food hunter skilled indians ways woods hunted furs traded trinkets indians furs spring returned settlement pack furs famous daniel boone spent exciting pushing wilderness regions known white hunter backwoodsman backwoodsman built shelter rough log cabin wilderness began cut trees plant crops tree stumps half farmer
taking place american change political parties federalist party died soon monroe president political party republican democratic republican monroe left presidency democratic republican party split parts friends supporters andrew jackson known democratic party kinds supported thomas jefferson members democratic party stand low tariffs states rights opposed strong federal government southerners westerners democrats dislike king andrew called andrew jackson formed political party oppose beliefs party called national republican party later known whig party stood chiefly high tariffs strong federal government included belonged federalist party earlier held beliefs whig party strong east jackson term drew close clear democrats wanted vice president martin van buren york follow president democrats easily elected van buren van buren skillful politician president unhappy
country purchased louisiana french americans sure boundaries remember jefferson wanted control mouth mississippi westerners send products market port orleans spain owned narrow strip land gulf mexico called west florida peninsula call florida known east florida spain claimed west florida extended west orleans mississippi river jefferson hand claimed louisiana purchase included considerable amount land east mississippi river dispute finally louisiana government simply added territory east mississippi included present louisiana spain weak try defend claim united states anxious west florida americans rapidly settling land north settlers alabama mississippi wanted rivers flowed spanish territory united states offered buy west florida spain refused sell war government occupied west florida war united states holding large part west florida spain admit
growth industry united states began recall industrial revolution reached country england late remember machines run water power invented produce articles colonial days hand factories built northeast workers nearby farms newcomers europe flocked jobs mill towns middle steam power begun place water power driving machines inventions factories spreading network railroads helped manufacturing continue grow seen chapter demand war materials kinds civil war stepped rate production civil war ended united states england industrial nation later country caught passed england manufactured goods united states greatest manufacturing nation longer manufacturing limited chiefly northeast factories multiplied south railroads built fast growing west industry quickly developed machines increased rapidly period called machine age realize enormous quantity goods produced machines america
seen things encouraged growth american industry rich natural resources mass production goods swifter transportation communication growth corporations closing forward march industry aided activities small number business leaders single boldness vision founded managed giant company built huge fortune let glance careers successful captains industry interesting figures building american railroad industry james hill born log cabin frontier farm canada farm hard young james full share daily chores death father decided strike shipping lake freighter united states variety jobs led st paul minnesota worked steamboat company railroad hill ordinary ideas took seriously ideas develop northwestern part country hill traveled sparsely settled area foot wagon dog sledge finally persuaded small group railroad worked hill appointed general manager
understand place america farms let picture farming south large plantations cotton crops raised sold abroad american farms small special occasions neighbors lent helping hand farmer family frequently farmer simple tools till soil included plow scythe wooden cradle harvesting grain addition human strength farmer relied horses mules oxen farm means earning living sense words today nowadays paid wages buy need money receive small farms brought money farmer farm provided living family farmer raised family food materials clothes sold hogs cattle wheat corn oats small amount cash received farmer bought things raise home wrong think farmer produced crops exactly manner father grandfather
canada small group provinces governed britain today century later canada strong independent nation industries growing foreign trade holds important place western hemisphere nations canada progress british colony important independent nation chapter read large number english speaking moved french canada possession britain loyalists newly independent united states immigrants british isles english speaking demanded government canada represent separate provinces won control provincial governments important steps canada won complete independence find steps let imagine talking james king canadian boy lives ottawa capital city canada canada united states fight war win freedom britain ask james answers smile canada able gain independence wanted war remain part british family nations briefly country governing independent nation begin james explains canada colony britain
arguments countries lead war times disputes arisen united states canada led trouble countries wanted peace willing talk differences settle war friendly relations matched nations guard borders soldiers guns canada united states proud border share unarmed idea peaceful border began early canada colony britain united states britain armed ships lakes believing guard boundary nations truly wanted peace signed agreement forbidding armed ships lakes gunboats order step establishing unarmed border countries later idea unfortified border extended land boundaries peaceful settlement disputes affecting canada country dispute northern boundary louisiana purchase britain united states signed treaty establishing parallel latitude boundary line northern minnesota rockies late recall rivalry oregon country led war
death franklin roosevelt harry truman entered white house president seventh vice president succeed highest office land death president harry truman seen action artillery captain war serving judge missouri elected senate re elected later nominated vice presidency truman actually held office months summoned lead nation president pressing task end war ii quickly satisfactory terms complete defeat germany month japanese surrendered soon atomic bombs fell cities hiroshima nagasaki august truman administration struggle problems arose americans changed peacetime living millions veterans home discharged armed forces wartime rationing price controls abandoned industries shifted producing war materials making goods peacetime public demanded goods industries produce americans denied things war wanted demand goods prices shot labor unions demanded higher wages meet increased cost living frequently strike obtain
social scientist culture means group live culture kinds houses build tools act think early living americas developed cultures north america early developed major cultures early cultures middle south america lives early americans cultures developed greatly affected environment geographic setting lived south ice sheet kinds weather plant animal groups moved south changed ways living culture suit environment arctic arctic regions located arctic circle regions land free ice generally flat broken gently rolling hills climate kind weather cool cold vegetation plant grass small scattered trees food easy northerly region growing season short agriculture farming lived hunting caribou native north american reindeer moose elk animals skins animals clothing known took arctic arctic cultures spread northern north america
hundred spaniards set west indies plant colony florida lost lived cabeza de wandered texas slave indians roamed naked barefoot captors finally de mexico reported wealth found northern country told wealth estevanico black explorer survived attempt colonize florida met de texas later explored arizona mexico search gold journey estevanico lost indians died message companions telling found cities built gold francisco coronado hernando de soto spent searching north america wonderful cities coronado marched southwestern part united states group europeans grand canyon coronado searched area kansas found gold coronado exploring de soto leading hundreds spaniards hunt golden country setting florida de soto explored north marched southeastern part united states crossed mississippi river west present arkansas
tidewater region tobacco staple crop rice indigo plant blue dye important products south carolina colonists soon learned products cash crops bring deal money tobacco rice indigo sold england european countries profits tobacco grown maryland virginia northeastern north carolina growing tobacco soon wore soil tobacco planters bought land level tobacco production planters huge spreads land called plantations tobacco growers learned land planted fertile plantations part land tobacco tobacco planters tried land rivers leading coasts rivers important transportation routes roads planters docks send products directly market ship rice staple crop south carolina charleston center rice growing swampy land nearby colonists built dikes order flood drain land south carolina exporting large amount rice rice grown parts north carolina revolution colonists georgia began growing rice
political parties examples constitutional change usage constitution says political parties number political parties formed americans accept political parties part nation basic law political parties united states constitution mention political parties helped constitution grow change parties system selecting candidates presidency national nominating convention constitution provided matter choosing presidential candidates political parties held nomination conventions national nominating convention accepted political party choose candidate presidency remained accepted political party holds national convention choose candidate president vice president writers constitution consider candidates jobs president vice president believed electors simply meet agree person job political parties served purpose coming means selecting national candidates choices president person win small number votes
understand george washington duties president turn article ii constitution president commander chief armed forces require written opinion officer executive department pardon offenders treaties foreign governments selects federal judges congress information union suggests laws congress call congress special session enforces laws veto acts congress things constitution says president simple president washington discovered duties simple turn executive departments help washington personal secretary clerks aid total number working federal government thousand duties president constitution today easy understand presidency grown powerful office today presidency changed growth nation examples president today show powerful job military force million president command president power executive agreements senate approval foreign nations
slave interesting questions asked slavery historians disagree answers question basic facts pointed slaves legal political rights slaves citizens legally slaves persons chattels words slaves simply pieces property constitutional rights slave strictly regulated laws laws called slave codes slave codes differed purpose slave codes slaves obey masters fact slaves required respect obey white slaves raise hands white person insult white person slaves find employment allowed live person teach slave read write slaves preach slaves slaves free blacks testify court whites major provisions slave codes violators severely punished slave codes enforced strictly codes slave extremely harsh slaves treated ways south masters real affection slaves treated slaves fairly
events put american edge eve presidential election sectionalism threatened tear country months election american found fighting civil war begun compromise failed choosing sides families divided war end union preserved cost lives property suffering measured scale known americans earlier history democratic party divided election southern wing favored slavery territories nominated john breckinridge president northern wing nominated stephen douglas backed idea popular sovereignty split democratic party republicans hopeful victory chose abraham lincoln presidential candidate lincoln known national politics lincoln douglas running senate debated issue slavery illinois returned douglas senate lincoln douglas debates lincoln known knew believed slavery wrong allowed territories belief major part republican party platform platform favored high tariff federal aid transcontinental railroad
president lincoln greatly expanded powers presidency civil war called army days fall fort sumter ordered blockade southern ports importantly places suspended habeas corpus constitutional privilege prevents person jailed hearing court question constitutionality lincoln wanted deal swiftly blocking army enlistments encouraging deserters congress backed lincoln lincoln things power commander chief army navy united states believed acts union win war important things lincoln issue emancipation proclamation issued document january major step ending slavery united states emancipation proclamation clear main problems reconstruction freedmen slaves freedmen need help major problem reconstruction involved political constitutional question confederate states brought union president lincoln answer question lincoln acts commander chief civil war strong president planned executive power solve reconstruction problems
march columbus ohio special cars put afternoon train washington crowd formed track watch ohio governor rutherford hayes board train hayes smiling spoke need national unity hayes appeared calm sure going president united states fact clear hayes president election ended confusion months election national crisis danger country talk civil war break story election crisis ended subject chapter democratic republican candidates presidency reformers corruption place grant term office democrats nominated samuel tilden hayes nominated republicans tilden reform governor york led successful attack boss tweed bringing downfall tweed machine york city hayes known reformer things governor ohio votes counted tilden won popular votes hayes won majority popular vote tilden won election
young things things hands reason sure enjoy industrial arts courses fun going learn important things industrial arts helps understand things look room neighborhood chairs tables floors walls electric lights pencils books automobiles airplanes buildings telephones television sets thousands things things manufactured products industry things industries produce buy clothing tools books industrial arts study industry helps understand things materials helps understand industry teaches organized efficiently products industries matter type plan living professional physicians attorneys clergymen teachers products industry produce goods manage businesses certainly engineers technical workers skilled craftsmen need understand industry everyday surroundings influenced industry ways basic knowledge industry intelligent citizen
stage important job planning job building bridge launching rocket playing football game plan beginning course true industrial arts instructor planning later planning industrial arts expected plan planning thinking job imagine happen crew started build highway overpass plan begin material needed certainly overpass look finished finished important plan overpass job supposed overpass strong load carried wide traffic high let traffic pass beneath easy care finished cost build answer questions building overpass easier change plan overpass paper change structure built
kinds trees think ten fifty hundred botanists scientists specializing plant tell species trees united states canada course trees lumber small crooked palm trees spongy trunk solid wood grown fruit resin simply beauty lumber trees lumber divided classes hardwoods softwoods hardwoods broadleaf trees oak birch maple walnut softwoods evergreen trees pines spruces firs cedars million acres forests continental united states present forests cover half area fortunately learning conserve forest lands left forest land national parks carefully supervised federal government forests owned large lumbering companies independent tree farmers trees cut forests seedlings planted provide steady supply lumber developing maintaining forests known forestry specialize kind known foresters
casting process melting metal pouring mold letting harden shape change shape metal processes hammering squeezing stretching bending stamping things hand industrial arts industry metal easier shape hot cold process hammering squeezing hot metal desired shape called forging course metal forged allowed hot melt forged cold chisel screwdriver common metals forged forged industry steel bronze brass copper aluminum magnesium reasons shaping metals forging process forging process makes metal tougher stronger forging expensive process toughness needed product engine crankshafts forged tough strong forging industry drop forging machines called drop hammers machines vary size according vary operate hammers simply drop pulled force gravity
machine metal means cut parts cutting tools abrasives metal mounted power driven machines abrasives materials grinding wheels emery cloth examples power driven metalworking machines school drill presses engine lathes grinders machining processes expensive economical processes satisfactorily jobs metalworking machining general machining processes extremely accurate surfaces smooth production tools dies products needed products need accurate accuracy parts automobile engine extremely accurate engine run measured thousandth inch ten thousandth closer accuracy requires machining processes surfaces metal products look feel rough look feel smooth bumpy examined powerful microscope parts rub engine tiny bumps metal surfaces undesirable wear excessive heat power loss surfaces extremely smooth special machining processes required
metal shaped things need ready consumer products hardness metal toughness ductility means workability important things controlled extent heat treating forged cold chisel screwdriver machined center punch nail set heat treated principles heat treating industrial products exact processes heat treating depend metal hardness desired describe common method heat treating high carbon steel tools dies rough metal form castings rods bars annealed heating metal high temperature melting point permitting cool slowly relaxes metal relieving stresses strains put piece annealing makes metal soft easy shaped desired machining forging forming case metal normalized annealing process relieve stresses caused machining metal hardened heating high temperature cooling quenching rapidly oil water makes metal hard hard brittle
clay close relatives common plaster mortar concrete materials soft squashy mixed respect similar clay clay fired hard strong materials set hard heat slip casting ceramics plaster mold material mold called plaster paris called gypsum plaster plaster names refer material plaster rock called gypsum gypsum found parts united states parts soft crumbly mined clay raw gypsum broken small pieces heated large iron kettles heating process drives moisture raw gypsum chemical actions change raw gypsum plaster special plasters cement produced pure gypsum heated longer higher temperatures ordinary plaster small amounts ingredients added plasters give qualities gypsum main ingredient plaster comes bag box form powder
glass close relative ceramic family read unit try notice similar glass clay handled worked thing think word glass think windows light bulbs drinking glasses think eye glasses lenses telescopes microscopes cameras glass things including bottles cooking dishes scientific equipment fishing rods insulating material glass cloth kinds glass today kinds light cork heavy iron kinds glass hard kinds soft broken easily strong steel kinds glass flexible kinds cut ordinary knife saw kinds shatterproof bulletproof radiation proof main ingredients making glass sand soda lime addition important materials special materials added give glass special characteristics scraps pieces broken glass batches added scraps glass called cullet things special glassmaking furnaces heated high temperature fahrenheit
term plastics today refers newer materials produced chemical processes common examples plastics celluloid bakelite plexiglas cellophane polyethylene flexible material things plastic squeeze bottles plastics included ceramics family things similar ceramic materials synthetic plastics place natural material hard expensive plastic unites states celluloid developed substitute ivory making billiard balls present plastics longer substitutes materials important industrial materials hundreds important plastics divided large groups thermoplastic thermosetting thermosetting plastics change chemically manufacturing process shaped softened reshaped thermoplastics hand resoftened reshaped repeatedly reheating plexiglas shop plexiglas thermoplastic plastic products special resins produced complicated chemical processes resins delivered manufacturers form powder coarse grains granulated liquid ways resins changed products process measured amount plastic resin granulated powdered form open mold
word textiles today refer cloth fibers fabrics related materials yarn making company part textiles industry company yarn cloth company cloth suits consider cloth kinds today textiles industry big industry cloth yarns woven experiment help understand cloth small piece woven cotton cloth carefully pull yarn thread edge magnifying glass examine yarn carefully notice yarn twisted small rope untwist yarn fingers examine magnifying glass untwisting yarn comes notice break simply look yarn carefully tiny fibers simply twisted fiber filament called smallest unit cloth fibers fall large classes natural fibers synthetic fibers natural fibers animal vegetable mineral widely animal fiber wool common silk commonly vegetable fiber cotton comes flax linen
seen fibers yarns yarns cloth order explanations things materials industry mentioned examine processes fabrics products synthetic fibers clean carefully controlling manufacturing processes dirt problem synthetics natural fibers hand impurities mixed wool body oils sheep grass straw dust tar paint cotton natural waxes proteins dust dirt air impurities removed textile products quality ways removing vegetable matters grass straw wool carbonizing process vegetable matter changed carbon passing textile fibers special acid bath carbon shaken fiber mechanical shaker carbonizing raw wool wool woven fabric wool scouring wool carded loose fiber washing wool fiber large vats resemble huge washing machines special oils added wool fiber easier spin yarn
word fabric mean cloth notice word fabric related word fabricate means largest industries united states today clothing garment making industry course textile products clothing study process making suit idea textile fabrication wanted garment person pattern fit person exactly industry thousands garments problem thousands sizes smaller number standard sizes fit articles clothing standards agreed manufacturers published national bureau standards washington manufacturer examine standards patterns seen mother paper patterns piece clothing patterns industry fabrication garment starts large table called cutting table cloth brought cutting table bolt roll unwound folded layers cloth laid top size layer cloth determined size patterns laid
energy produce power let look closely important kinds engines change energy fuels usable power hear today rocket jet nuclear power think steam power fashioned true steam engine invention true improvements ships power steam turn turbines produce electricity turns propellers percent electric power produced steam turbines steam engines basic types reciprocating steam engine piston moves turbine type generate electricity type fuel needed heat water change steam boiler commonly fuels today coal gas oil nuclear fuels explained later figure simplified sketch kind reciprocating engine devised james watt steam boiler heating water fire steam pressure enters left side cylinder pushes moveable piston
managers modern industry begin mass produce color television sets sure lot thought problems selling television sets market research find likely buy sets plans packaging products storing shipping thought price going ask sets plans advertising starting production line extremely expensive careful thought research planning occurred package makes choose product package modern store trying say choose result colorful variety sizes shapes things package designers mind early united states products sold bulk wanted crackers pickles grocer proper barrel measured weighed quantity needed expect packaging products fresh clean sanitary protect damage packages familiar expect quantity quart milk familiar shoppers accustomed cartons bottles labels containers tell quantity bother look information familiar cartons gallon paint quart engine oil pound butter dozen eggs
goods transported united states cities movement cargo truck distance intercity transportation principal types carriers railroads trucks pipelines waterways airways percentage cargo carried shown intercity cargo carried chart intercity cargo carried chart shows railroads move intercity cargo carrier miles railroad line counted double triple track main lines track sidings switching yards figure miles track kinds goods shipped rail including bulk materials coal ore grain livestock forest products wide variety manufactured items effort adapt railroad cars goods carried american railroads variety freight cars chart shows numbers kind car service railroad interested number times car loaded records call carloadings show business railroads column chart shows carloadings type freight car average freight car loaded unloaded times locomotives today diesel electric means diesel engines locomotive generate electricity electricity runs traction motors connected wheels
early history learned sounds refer objects activities environment learned words communicate animals communicate say effect look angry going attack watch dangerous coming food words express feelings give messages dangers opportunities present animal tell companions young things creature black tusks bushy tail watch dangerous don eat berry bright red leaves sick heavy rain don inside cave big clump trees flooded won able learn developing language words stand things acts ideas communicate tell young maybe future learned past young person human society start knowledge society accumulated adults society parents language pass knowledge inherit words culture
western culture individual considered importance important democratic philosophy government non western societies accepted thinking individual place depends group born groups society ranks standings born group individual higher lower eyes community born group western thought believed individual important sake believe created equal individuals believed rights purpose government fact western thinking protect rights constitutions written unwritten limit power government sure invasion rights carefully worked procedures surround process individuals deprived freedom punished violating laws laws limit individual freedom action interests greatest greatest number passed representatives elected governed elections free secret ballot held frequently insure government responds public belief possibility progress society strong element western thinking individuals western writers say
kind thinking changed completely western culture process change called scientific revolution modern western science modern western procedures acquiring knowledge earlier chapter prevailed achievements scientific revolution technological advances preceded important resulted century ways production industrial revolution latest development building western civilization rightly termed revolution changing ways making things took homes factories brought sweeping aspect everyday industrial revolution produced today urban industrial revolution built earlier steps steps related goods making machinery steps related sources power essentials industrial revolution place transportation methods change ways farming change fewer grow food kind agricultural revolution place industrial revolution workers factories ways invented bring savings industry ways part called capitalism required prior invention bookkeeping systems
nomadism mean aimless wandering desert steppe carefully worked living harsh environment pastoral nomadism tribe keeps herds camels sheep goats follows regular pattern movement movement desert oases edges established agricultural communities towns bedouins sufficient depended things settled communities things force raids nowadays raids happen seldom bedouins obtain things barter increasingly today buying cash milk meat obtain animals supplemented grain foods dates fruits farming villages towns cities buy utensils cloth coffee tea sugar past bedouins suppliers animals middle eastern farmers farmers need bit land cultivation afford devote land pasturage bedouins provide beasts burden wool animal products manure fertilizing days bedouins guided protected raided caravans merchants religious pilgrims motor vehicles airplanes move desert need bedouin help history relationship desert agricultural village close nomads settled land conquered regularly traded raided defenseless communities
arab city cities sights sounds smells thing missing sight smell factory smoke arab cities industrial cities owe appearance europeans ruled europeans lived built sections european style physical social separation city characteristic middle east change taking place cities faster village desert increasing population industry cities growing outward creating patterns city streets kinds buildings ways past arab city collection separate parts living piece city space felt part urban center feeling belonging section quarter lived quarter lived depended largely occupation religion nationality village origin family high proportion arab population live large cities egypt total population live cities iraq jordan syria proportion appears higher quarter larger cities growing faster rate smaller offer advantages migrants countryside seeking
country middle east countries important ways country israel israel arabs muslims percent jewish speak hebrew western languages english german unlike middle easterners israelis live cities lands europe north africa parts middle east jews discriminated persecuted jews lived part hundreds war ii israel founded homeland jews part settle settled israel skills engineers physicians scientists teachers businessmen learned skills homelands europe natural try israel country advanced lands tiny middle eastern land country characteristics found european societies early history independent nation israel decided try country sufficient food concerned dry climate difficult task
nyakyusa age village system unusual village group kinsmen group age mates wives young children age village starts number herd boys build edge fathers village practising building huts small boys cultures reach age actually live huts sleeping spending spare going mothers huts meals boy eat group friends eat visiting mother member gang turn boys village starts small ten dozen members grows young boys fathers village villages neighborhood join original members fifteen sixteen village closed ten olds start village conditions vary density population neighborhood factors generally age span village village numbers members boys establish village continue live
parents learn elementary school high school college learn section follows history africa learned began end told nations europe took practically africa fighting process africa looked europeans controlled africa concerned continent history worth remembering arrived africa knew africans conscious roots course leaders african nations knew continent history map africa contrast looks facing page european control left africa continent nations leaders feel proper past future moves present present past need ashamed past glory ancestors achieved times confidence create past glorious future terms war military glory terms social progress peace grow african nations play important part
african history rich story told detail pages book broad characteristics trends history touched characteristic seen study african cities map map shows cities developed arrival europeans cities africa tell story thriving trade characteristic africa history centuries group cities shown map developed period mediterranean sea center western period extended traders phoenicia later phoenicia colony carthage founded settlements north african coast rome rule mediterranean settlements developed trading centers slave driven roman galley ships carried african ports quantities wheat oil wine rome inland cities group camel caravans moved sahara trade west africa trans trade chariots going item early chariot cargoes reappears later lists desert trade items slaves unusual monkeys lions panthers elephants moved north precious stones emeralds romans brought camel africa century trans trade increased
vast majority indians especially live rural areas hindu religion percentages religions small india population large amount substantial numbers largest group hindus muslims numbering ten percent population relations india muslims hindus friendly religious groups sikhs jains religions offshoots hindusim small group called parsis follow religion began persia home ancestors parsis known businessmen especially influential steel industry million christians india buddhism practiced million indians religions free exist india religious freedom guaranteed indian constitution guaranteed spirit tolerance part hinduism understanding qualities hinduism important part understanding india earlier pages unit recall reading temple horn wakes risers village purifying coat mud applied hearth morning meal prepared details hint large part religious practices play lives india villagers
important change taking place indian family indians believe joint family large increase number families consist wife children kind family nuclear family main reason change landholdings family longer support large family married sons independent households feel obligation care elders family need continue feel responsible education marriage younger brothers sisters educated city indians marriages arranged parents relatives caste membership important choosing marriage partners occasional matrimonial advertisements newspapers caste consideration true majority cases caste continues important choosing marriage partners marriages taking place members castes close status educated families young consulted marriage arrangements noticeable change taking place position women longer completely dependent segregated higher castes permit remarriage widows permit villages women going willing seen public husbands
understand chinese look history unlike peoples chinese aware past live country longer continuous history nation earth history goes thousand length mean writer tried clear comparing age china united states history united states start foundation jamestown count let seconds look clock minutes passed history china start shang dynasty written documents makes look clock feel difference minutes hour quotation mentioned shang dynasty country governed king emperor members family refer group rulers dynasty china ruled dynasties past shang dynasty ruled highly developed civilization existence written records found fact meaning idea continuous history china
response commodore perry request trade relations japan response lay months bitter disagreement japanese leaders took position foreigners country took realistic position face guns perry ships realized possibility keeping foreigners country nations eager trade japan quick advantage door perry opened england france russia holland united states arranged treaties japan nation humiliation treaties similar unequal treaties forced china happy foreigners forced country resentment turned shogun official remember originally supposed generalissimo emperor armies began wonder rule shogun continue shogun failed job supposed protect nation power system shogunate military attack group samurai swept january rebels announced restoration power fifteen emperor mutsuhito throne meiji milestone japanese history called meiji restoration
japanese workers hours longer workers industrialized countries money spend recreation leisure hours fact japan passing calls leisure boom japan fill leisure hours modern traditional ways television enormously popular japanese explained true reason importance television japanese united states japan leisure nap watch television things inside house fewer places population density united states beach movies summer american television viewing declines sharply seasonal variations japan television lot housewife changed family routine husbands children earlier house house confined wife history continue education housewife supposed cleaned house begin cleaning television excuse sit floor rest watch television mother law enjoys watching television wants enjoy encourages daughter law sit
live tokyo nearly city earth cities giant dismayingly indifferent comfort convenience human beings commerce counts instance busy street intersections stoplights traffic cops finds pedestrian overpasses high steep convenience big trucks passing beneath result pedestrians considerable ascending descending arrangement tough women baby carriages heavy bundle elderly rapidly tokyo changing story trade center unveiled march owners proclaimed loftiest building asia knew yield distinction story keio plaza hotel opened soon couple miles construction goes clock sound piledriver urban snore land downtown tokyo worth square foot famous imperial hotel low building replaced story imperial hotel originally stories tall plans changed wondered high point look emperor palace situated
turn missing describe missing persons report eleven december twelve bad birthday presents christmas says merry christmas happy birthday short age don weigh sure wish start grow taller basketball play pretty team don start growing don lot friends lucky friend frank chinn frank likes tried baseball league summer didn glove frank let frank play school raining play monopoly inside look tv frank says maybe family going move soon hope don think frank science baseball basketball cook family likes scrambled eggs shop family needed trouble keeping temper hate give oral reports mess don think actor class plays
seaman explore england named john cabot sailed eastern coast canada claimed land king england find route global map page columbus early explorers searching water route india hoped find gold silver lands kings map page parts continent north america claimed spanish french english early explorers thought lands india passed realized part continents soon continents known north america south america rocky northeast shores north america england began england find story started law passed ordering englishman attend church england pay taxes support refused obey law wanted worship god held meetings secret king learned angry ordered meeting broken leaders thrown prison group unhappy moved netherlands small country europe worship pleased group known pilgrims
midnight small group sat candlelit room boston water front members group called sons liberty tea ships harbor complained stay grumbled governor refuses send england says tea unloaded buy pay penny tax declared leader samuel adams pounding table decide tonight adams fiercely rid tea night sons liberty agreed daring act planned astonishing tea party cold december night forty colonists dressed mohawk indians smeared bright war paint faces stuck feathers hair rushed dark streets wharf boarded tea ships loud war whoops excited mohawks sharp hatchets ripped open dozens chests tea tossed overboard hundred forty chests dumped chests splashed water spilled thousands pounds costly tea harbor england king george heard boston tea party furious colonists punished stormed send general gage army boston close ports ships
ablest leaders colonies gathered george washington john hancock president congress delegates included benjamin franklin samuel adams cousin john adams thomas jefferson patrick henry congress attempt settle differences england message king refused receive called colonists rebels announced plans punishing hope peace faded congress decided colonies prepare defend help defense voted army asked commander chief continental army picture opposite page shows taking command troops boston washington trained soldier officer respected leader deeply interested affairs colonies congress believed inspire colonial troops matter colony let find washington respected leader colonies george washington born plantation virginia sixteen finished school liked arithmetic enjoyed working doors natural surveyor surveyor measures lands young washington hired survey wilderness lands appalachian mountains appalachians ohio river
early spaniards conquered indians mexico stolen treasure mexico spanish ruler heard rich cities cibola north cities filled gold precious jewels spanish ruler appointed handsome adventurer coronado lead large exploring party north riding fine horse coronado led thousand unmapped wilderness north mexico crossed tough mountains hot deserts weeks saw strange sight distance city cling bright colored cliffs cibola rich cibola streets dazzling gold shouted coronado galloped closer spirits fell expected wondrous city poor indian pueblo carved cliffs coronado give divided party groups search direction coronado led group east trackless plains texas north central kansas group traveled west discovered beautiful grand canyon colorado river chapter book adventurers braved blazing heat summer bitter cold winter suffered hardships battled hundreds indians alas found struggling indian pueblos discovered rich lost cities
texas joined union caused bad feelings mexico mexico recognized independence texas complained bitterly texas mexico felt united states huge area land belong mexico feared united states try spanish mexican southwest mexico quarreled texas rio grande boundary mexico insisted owned lands sides river boundary dispute started war mexican war broke fearing trouble president united states james polk troops texas soon war declared battles fought mexico took place southwest american army santa fe trail mexico easily conquered area americans won california war lasted country defeated weaker neighbor peace treaty signed bitter feelings remained mexico felt unfriendly united states peace treaty gave country vast southwest pushed boundaries south rio grande west pacific added country enormous region square miles won war paid mexico look map pages locate lands secured mexico
lincoln president divided united states took oath office crowds front capitol building washington dressed black suit stiff white shirt carried cane gold handle big hen egg feet inches tall wore high silk hat looked giant lincoln stepped forward left hand open bible raising hand solemnly swear faithfully execute office president united states ability preserve protect defend constitution united states wondered president preserve protect defend constitution states denied leaving union lincoln say punished say slavery lincoln answer questions inaugural address loved union determined power save hold union states perpetual lasting mere motion lawfully union hands dissatisfied countrymen south mine momentous important issue civil war days weeks passed plain war
middle atlantic states find map page include york pennsylvania jersey delaware maryland virginia west virginia states thirteen colonies look page district columbia set middle atlantic region part study map washington located banks winding potomac river maryland virginia american proud beautiful city later spend middle atlantic region larger england large compared regions country look regions map page middle atlantic part country important hundreds cities large small fourth map page show thickly settled reason cities factories businesses provide millions jobs part country interesting seacoast large bays provide excellent sheltered harbors york bay find map page large city looks bay locate delaware bay gateway philadelphia delaware river
ago kinds crops grown south settlers raised corn vegetables food meat animals livestock feed pastures round addition south grew crops needed months hot sunshine produced north crops tobacco colonists north carolina raised tobacco money crop chief export england today north carolina leading tobacco growing area rice crop raised successfully south fact south carolina georgia called rice colonies special crop started south cotton chief crops south successful money making crop cotton gin invented eli whitney helped cotton king south read spinning weaving machines speeded clothmaking learned slater started cotton mills england soon cotton cloth sold cheaply eager buy textile business boomed south supply raw cotton mills england england reason picture left shows tiny brown seeds lie half buried raw white cotton bolls raw cotton seeds separated cotton fibers
corn country oldest crop raised indians columbus america fact friendly indians taught pilgrims grow corn grind stones corn meal soon early colonists began depending corn meal making foods corn meal mush corn pudding kind corn bread called johnny cake passed corn important crops colonies read ground meal gristmills corn fatten meat animals precious seed corn traveled west appalachians pioneers settled lands later settlers carried seed corn oregon soon piece land cleared warm weather began corn planted farmers scientists worked improve kind corn grown today huge quantities fine sturdy corn raised country products corn meal cornflakes corn syrup starch fifths crop fed meat animals properly fattened market farmers say corn going market legs meat animals provide chief money crop corn belt land crop
tropical islands part united states fact large group hawaiian islands form newest tropical islands puerto rico virgin islands lands located mainland country find map opposite page notice lands located low latitudes tropical lands warm climate round expect raise crops ways islands let puerto rico lies thousand miles southeast florida islands west indies caribbean sea puerto rico hiilly land size states delaware rhode island added nearly hundred miles forty miles wide low mountains hills cover central part lowlands extend coast puerto rico governed spain columbus claimed landed voyage means rich port passed spaniards settled puerto rico spain ruled centuries american territory today puerto rico manages government elects governor representatives laws
ships carried heaviest loads transportation water easiest carry goods distances easiest cheapest carry heavy loads centuries oars poles paddles move boats sails wind blew direction learned tack sail wind meant ships sail distances carrying oarsmen later steam engine invented began think ways drive ships water american inventors worked problem john fitch robert fulton usable steamboat country built john fitch ambitious watchmaker lived phildelphia steamboat paddles side steam engine experimented vessel delaware river stopped watch strange looking boat members constitutional convention believe eyes saw steamboat slowly churning delaware interesting toy shook heads surely fitch expect steam move boat later fitch steamboat began regular runs phildelphia trenton jersey twenty mile journey successfully wrecked
communication means sending receiving messages includes ways telling things ways school say hello spoken words communicate write story putting words paper communicate teacher wave nod head communicating actions called gestures read book receiving messages printed words author telling story communicating send letter friend communicating talking writing telling story printed page ways communication centuries addition remarkable ways communication send messages fast air mail telephone telegraph send receive messages information radio television think times week telephone television set communication important depend kind communication hours communication helps exchange ideas information helps learn communication helped country grow strong prosperous united states leader partly modern communication system
raising coffee brazil leading industries wonder brazil produces nearly fifths coffee coffee served home country coffee grown huge plantations called fazendas spread eastern slopes hills rise coastal plains drained reddish soil mild tropical climate coffee plenty rain october march coffee growing rest weather sunny dry fazendas owned wealthy planters thousands poor live small houses clustered fazenda coffee comes berries grow small trees twelve feet tall coffee trees bloom brazil springtime months fragant star shaped coffee blossoms snowy white beautiful sight thousands trees covered pure white blossoms blossoms drop tiny green berries begin form grow fast warm tropical summer months begin turn yellow darken resemble shining red cherries coffee picking season busiest fazendas thousands women children move rows trees strip berries tree produces berries pound coffee
bold valdivia led soldiers chile valdivia grew spain ago strolling spanish street girls peered window handsome soldier asked named maria ah pedro de valdivia whispered friend soon sail peru join pizarro forces pizarro captured rich indian ruler peru exciting exclaimed maria thrilling adventures valdivia maria friend dreamed tragic experience awaited courageous spaniard valdivia appointed lead band soldiers south chile orders read conquer fierce araucanian indians seize gold start spanish settlements valdivia careful plans adventure spent training soldiers collecting supplies gathered farm animals tools seeds crops arms deal food arranged indians carry supplies journey trip chile led southward miles miles mountains trails narrow rough high passes covered snow ice travel slow weeks adventurers finally left mountains entered vast atacama desert look atacama desert map page scale miles reaches chile thousand miles
peru called land incas ambitious indians built cities temples west coast south america ago legend tells inca nation began sun manco capac sister region lake titicaca sun gave golden staff told settle staff disappeared earth golden staff led north valley cuzco high andes shining staff entered earth travelers began build city named cuzco capital inca nation find map page legend says manco capac inca ruler kind wise taught indians farm mine gold silver mountains helped build buildings roads sister showed women weave sew homes neat clean passed inca indians conquered indian tribes powerful empire reached miles western coast south america spread peru ecuador dipped parts bolivia colombia northern argentina northern chile find countries map page hundred incas prospered began quarrel battling gold seeking pizarro soldiers landed peru shores
gabrielle sentences rhine important french river rhine river main inland waterway europe gabrielle wrote report land climate france tried sentences effective words specific tried kinds sentences varied gabrielle tried choose words exactly meant rewrote sentence lazy word important specific words gabrielle add sentence gabrielle sentence terms content sentence general tell rhine important sentence suggests pleasure commerce understand gabrielle varied sentences read section report plains northern france richest land country seine river stretch miles dairy farms apple orchards vineyards region largely devoted farming heavily populated sixth country live area paris area raw materials french industry vast deposits iron ore lie east northern plains iron mined rail steel plants central cities sentences part gabrielle report declarative interrogative exclamatory unusual declarative sentences occur kind writing variety
thor liked stand front window watching ships oslo fjord wondered strange lands lay horizon winter thor watch blocks ice cut nearby lake ice brewery owned thor father thor happy doors began run excitedly lake jumped block ice cut free rest boy weight tilted slightly arms waving thor plunged icy water fear shock cold water paralyzed swim fortunately air trapped inside clothing floating moments child mind black terror moments forever workman reached caught collar coat pulled safety summer thor father tried teach swim thought putting face beneath surface terrified thor learn older father thor fear water fade later father hired professional swimmer teach boy thor wanted swim watched teacher carefully learned exactly supposed soon stepped water feel terror cold inside instant face beneath surface blind panic took happened teacher thor learned swimming theory actual practice simply swim
stephanos loves chocolate read passage found library book chocolate food seeds tree called cacao cacao tree grows warm wet climate equator cacao beans seeds area west africa brazil produces raw material chocolate treats kinds kind information passage give line paragraph set book stephanos read gave deal information chocolate set facts organized separate paragraph single idea discussed kind organization helped stephanos move easily main idea look paragraph stephanos read main idea show raw material processed chocolate comes read paragraphs stephanos book steps processing cacao seeds roasting grinding roasted nibs cacao seeds shells ground release cocoa butter inside grinding nibs cocoa butter form liquid called chocolate liquor chocolate products manufactured chocolate liquor baking chocolate bitter product cakes cookies simply chocolate liquor solidified formed squares cocoa powder chocolate liquor cocoa butter removed hard substance remains reground fine reddish brown powder look main idea paragraph ask single topic paragraph develop thought
jimmy lee wrote paragraph assignment english class recently father cut tree backyard noticed house warmer summer cool shade leaves miss chirping birds morning worst yard looks bare empty tree makes feel lonely sentences show reason happening show effects results paragraphs involving effects difficult paragraph effects jimmy lee begins topic sentence states rest paragraph consists examples support involving effects effect result action stated topic sentence similar paragraph begin topic sentence stating effect rest paragraph consist sentences involving read paragraph friend angela won prize figure skating competition surprise clock morning practice practices hours school hours school strength excellent timing achieve goal sets effect introduces paragraph sentences follow topic sentence paragraphs sentences easier understand wish write body paragraph save topic sentence
blind climbers braille maps artificial leg epileptic deaf completed joyful climb friday july reached top foot mount rainier climbers heard radio cheering clapping waved flags hugged success wanted prove handicapped things thought impossible climb nearly ruined artificial leg chuck philadelphia lost limb vietnam war spirit reach top blind kirk adams snohomish wash deaf alec naiman york city guide veteran climber jim whittaker american atop mount everest reaching top sheila holzworth des moines iowa blinded age frederick noesner glenside pa lost sight childhood douglas wakefield arlington va blind birth paul stefurak federal wash climbed justin mcdewitt rosemont pa blind birth planned hike base camp sleep descend paradise lodge foot level noon saturday article offer facts opinions main types newspaper articles news stories feature articles editorials news articles report events recently place present facts opinions article climbers news article feature articles present facts
morning august engine airplane landed open field lebanon engines continued running fifteen began loading pound kilogram sacks hashish drug illegal united states american smugglers airplane thought clever scheme bring hashish united states expected sell huge profit started san francisco california flown canada amsterdam zigzagged europe touched cyprus finally flown lebanon unknown tracked international criminal police organization interpol coded radio messages interpol alerted police country airplane progressed destination landing local police patrols quietly moved native loaders put thirteen sacks board police appeared american smugglers closed hatches took amid hail bullets lebanese police air force jets smugglers smugglers flying evasive course mediterranean interpol advised police countries area alert airports soon cyprus airport control tower received radio request permission land refuel interpol monitoring proceedings airplane permitted land identified fugitive custody american smugglers arrested cargo drugs confiscated tried convicted sentenced prison terms case reported news media exciting cops robbers story
naturalists community living animals plants typical greater part nature important factors continued existence important factor constant competition warfare members species society survive sense combine forces safer successful friendliness members species partnerships nature completely organisms bird reptile instance live close association plant animal plants sort close association types organisms called symbiosis word based greek words syn bios means living course exactly happens members help living called mutualism sea strange friendship gaily colored clown fish poisonous sea anemone clown fish brightly colored brilliant orange wide white bands bordered black run head middle body tail clown fish live coral reefs western pacific small inches centimeters coloring conspicuous easily spotted enemies matters worse clown fish swim slowly clumsily depend speed escape fortunately nature leave clown fish defenseless created strange helpful partnership form sea large sea anemone sea anemones sixteen twenty inches centimeters diameter
modern built magnificent apartment houses cities provide hundreds homes stacked top buildings fifteen twenty stories high marvel fine buildings present bear mind large apartment houses modern civilization credit developing apartment houses country indians iroquois northwest type apartment house story building divided rows separate rooms family lived room pueblos southwest developed large apartment buildings design cities today earliest apartment houses developed ancestors pueblos built valleys contained dozen square rooms family lived room multiple dwelling houses rooms arranged rows arranged circles ovals modern motels strewn highways descendants early apartment houses indians later pueblos began building apartment houses places valleys built tops flat mesas overlooking fields valley times built wall stone stone ledge huge cave regardless building planned house families gradually villages pueblos valleys cliffs began disappear need defense clans families combined moved settlements developed called cities
moment night frisbees flight daylight moonlight indoors plastic discs flipped millions sport hundred sports organized played rules players mainly frisbee thing played player pleases frisbee reportedly start yale war ii throwing empty pie plates campus fad tin plates frisbee bakery nearby bridgeport players stepped path spinning pie tin warned duck shout frisbee fad tossing pie tins spread colleges youngsters began playing fads california named fred morrison saw kids playing morrison idea making disc plastic tin convinced officials wham manufacturing company gave hula hoop plastic disc profitable toy frisbee eventually earned morrison royalties close million dollars fun throwing catching thing watching fly free began developing techniques threw backhanded underhanded experts sidearm throws overhand wrist flips thumb flips curves skip shots boomerangs fancy performers started adding tricks legs finger catches accuracy speed distance goals expert frisbees clocked flight speeds miles kilometers hour sailed level ground yards meters
contrary believe tropical forests alike tropics includes europe africa asia australia land dwelling animals tropical animals larger includes north south america elephants hippopotamuses buffaloes live rain forests tropics central south america tree dwelling animals tropical forests differ according amount rain receive rain forests receive round drenchings wettest cherrapunji india hundred inches meters rain fall lowland tropical forest southern africa receives fifty sixty inches centimeters rain tropical forests grow high mountains vegetation constantly bathed misty clouds cloud forests found mountains kenya guinea central america south america ferns mosses drip branches antique lace tropical forests seasons spring summer fall winter round temperature stays degrees farenheit degrees celsius degrees difference night tropics seasons measured inches rainfall months heaviest rainfall called wet rainy season rain dry season tropical forest dry desert moisture forests receive constant drenchings dry season fly rain forest look thick green mat vegetation
study factual material want recall details main ideas difficult reading details need suggestions earlier additional techniques prove kind reading attempting study detailed facts picture chapter general establish framework arrange ideas read title think read headings study pictures maps graphs accompany text read paragraphs preceding chapter worked clusters details appeared paragraphs need grasp details entire topics topic discussed paragraphs case topic main idea paragraph cluster ideas enlarge topic seize topic firmly grasp important clusters details paragraphs accompany topic clearly mind try details related clusters won trouble fixing details mind consider main ideas stated topic ask mean find reading groups details tell topic studying remember details let facts senses read repeat facts say hear sense pencil feel working facts
early spring village juffure days upriver coast gambia west africa manchild born omoro binta kinte forcing binta strong young body black flecked slippery binta blood bawling wrinkled midwives nyo boto baby grandmother yaisa saw boy laughed joy according forefathers boy firstborn presaged special blessings allah parents parents families prideful knowledge kinte distinguished perpetuated hour crowing cocks nyo boto grandma yaisa chatterings sound child heard muted rhythmic wooden pestles women village pounded couscous grain mortars preparing traditional breakfast porridge cooked earthen pots fire built rocks thin blue smoke curling pungent pleasant small dusty village round mud huts nasal wailing kajali demba village alimamo began calling daily prayers offered allah living remember hastening beds bamboo cane cured hides rough cotton tunics village filed briskly praying place alimamo led worship allahu akbar ashadu lailahailala god bear witness god returning home compounds breakfast omoro rushed beaming excited tell firstborn son
keith harriman twelve director research united states robots mechanical found tip tongue passed plump pale lips holographic image susan calvin stared unsmilingly looked grim blanked image greatest roboticist history unnerved tried thinking image succeeded didn dare dead gaze bored side face dreadful demeaning step opposite george ten calm unaffected harriman patent uneasiness image patron saint robotics glowing niche harriman haven chance talk george haven haven chance discuss matter detail perfectly willing george stay robots gathered crisis laws yes laws course yes sure let dig deeper consider truly basic problem centuries say considerable success robots managed persuade human beings accept robots robots required human beings environments human beings find unacceptably dangerous
news smalls feat quickly spread north public sentiment strong awarding prize money planter crew congress responded moving unusual speed weeks seizure body passed bill ordering secretary navy vessel appraised thereof ascertained equitable apportionment half robert smalls associates assisted rescuing enemies government week lincoln signed bill smalls turned believing planter north admirably suited shallow waters sea island region immediately equipped musket proof bulwarks converted navy transport carrying upwards seventy decommissioned sold baltimore september planter remained military service mainly troop transport seeing occasional service supply boat period armed forces planter piloted commanded smalls months boat remained navy supervision young employed pilot months army employed capacity march captain intelligence smalls furnished valuable secretary navy annual report president lincoln information derived chiefly contraband pilot robert smalls escaped charleston flag officer du pont proper reconnaissance directed commander marchand cross bar gunboats occupy stono
read chapter facts want remember sure sharp vivid impressions read don let facts remain jumbled mind think study later impressions strongest lasting order vivid impressions give undivided attention reading don try study recall room talking television room give attention task tend remember things interested approach chapter attitude dull stuff care chances recall read chapter interested want remember develop interest topic sound exciting glance think chance gain information fresh insights approach attitude curiosity finding don chapter find surprise interested case re start preparing later recall decide purpose start read article section textbook reference book read realize purpose turning title question reading find answer question easy set specific purpose
live animal differences cells seen scattered tentacles body found small projecting cells nettle cells stinging cells nettle cell tiny sac coiled barb discharged point cell touched discharge barbs stuns daphnia renders temporarily powerless swim presence kind cell jellyfish makes uncomfortable things contact swimming salt water species phylum coelenterata possess nettle cells technically known nematocysts clear picture cell structure hydra examine carefully stained specimens examination shows ectoderm consist kinds cells nettle cells sensory cells body muscular cells nerve cells small undifferentiated cells able develop types reproductive cells endoderm kinds undifferentiated body muscular cells present gland cells flagellated amoeboid cells endoderm ectoderm nerve cells form branching nets fibers let kinds cells operate observing hydra noticed motions slow tentacles wave slowly water animal remains attached underwater plant glide slowly base body turn somersaults end end touched suddenly contracts ball shape tentacles appearing short stubs
country lies belt prevailing westerlies swing north pacific southeastern direction mississippi valley northeastern direction england states north atlantic westerlies areas stormy weather areas fair weather miles kilometers diameter fair weather areas areas high pressure called highs barometer rises approach areas stormy weather areas low pressure called lows barometer falls approach lows air warmer hold water vapor air water vapor lighter dry air air center low moves counterclockwise spiral motion spiral motion caused rotation earth warm moist air low pushed upward cools result condensation rain snow cyclone low pressure area highs air heavier lows air pulled downward gravity nearer earth warmer able water vapor clouds form weather clear settles air moves outward clockwise spiral motion high pressure area called anticyclone area hundred invention barometer benjamin franklin noted storms rotary motion eastern portion united states traveled northeastern direction observation invention barometer led establishment weather bureau
going thrill study club tonight announced julie kent waved head appeared marked hastily scribbled paper tired hearing stories lack dramatic climaxes red hot judging looks responded friend aspirant literary fame sizzles julie illustrate wet finger end tongue touched paper hissed silly admonished alice warning honk sounded hurry ted waiting mrs raving julie set hat rakish angle grabbed jacket hurried friend waiting car hi ted alice husband settled comfortably seat drive town hope haven waiting amateur teased ted personality extend limit don pay attention julie tell story mean don pay attention wouldn known girl sold place incidentally told pen holders ted reminded obligation secret tell alice going find girl call knows story hears copied slight variations recent short story hits
mama tried knew stop poor dagmar earache warmed sweet oil garlic medicine schultz drugstore helped dr johnson told mama dagmar hospital operate watched mama eyes grow dark fright wait asked husband comes home doctor decide morning operation chance operation mama took deep breath took bank emptied contents kitchen table looked doctor asked hopefully doctor looked uncomfortable thinking county hospital explained mama pay clinic hospital clinic yes pay afford dr johnson explained child care patients mama looked worried understand leave dagmar care promise operation mama gratefully nels blanket wrap dagmar papa nels hospital mama nurses put dagmar high table started wheel hall mama tried girl mama explained hospital rules nurse firmly wait mama obediently let dagmar hand walked slow steps desk
nurse desk explaining hospital rules mama child getting care madam lady repeating fine hospital mama agreed visitors twenty hours madam visitor mama explained patiently mama rules nurse spoke loudly slowly finality mama stood looking hall touch arm remind nels held hand tightly walked streetcar word home christine lunch hot mama drank cups coffee hat think worried children sat let dagmar tomorrow nels reminded today mama asked tell papa comes home shook head today dagmar stood suddenly took paper string kitchen drawer carefully wrapped dagmar doll neat package big picture book watched uneasily mama explained past hospital desk quickly asks say delivering packages dagmar mama carrying packages knew unsuccessful knew upset answered norwegian wearily hall
terrain southwest rugged mountainous semidesert waterholes reaches remained wholly uninhabited centuries establish system transportation region infinitely difficult build flatboat pittsburgh float ohio mississippi orleans spain country elevated mountain ranges narrow winding defiles rocky trails stretches torrid plain eighth century spaniards acquired aparejo pack saddle moors mules burros transport washington irving records isabella organized equipped maintained pack trains consisting fourteen thousand mules burros supply army fifty thousand conquest granada efficient system transport spanish brought americas hundred pack train lifeline colonies trails later rail lines highways southwest discovered charted traveled spaniards mexicans historic trail de blazed tubac san gabriel regarded initial survey present southern pacific line rail lines built spaniards mexicans organized elaborate system pack trains operated endless trails blazed conquistadors early days king wagons famous carros del rey journey mexico city santa fe santa fe veracruz carting merchandise supplies silver mines crisscrossing deserts mountain ranges pack trains principal means transportation late transporting merchandise towns supplying army posts carrying mail
highway passes east west southern edge reservation miles miles blacktop roads repair indians working interior department road service miles miles roads modern boarding schools exclusively indian children local public schools catholic mission school outlying clinics free hospital doctors surgeons dentists psychiatrist churches kinds american legion post lions club ladies aid boy scout troop nearly sioux dakotas prereservation speak english native dakota dialect medicine frank fools crow presides annual sun dance center nearly government society law order education pine ridge town close line suburb nebraska whiteclay center shopping supermarkets entertainment bars dance halls reservation live fashion nearly teton sioux oglala tribe poorest richest country indians hopis apaches southwest poorer inhabitants aguacaliente reservation southern california palm springs richer say tribes oil wells oglalas range imminent starvation fair affluence reservation unemployment percent younger summer
outbreak war need agricultural labor products spite alien land law japanese participation agriculture entered golden era japanese aliens entered country settled farms farm income reached peak japanese california produced land crops valued million war release war workers city factories return soldiers increasing danger rising nationalistic japan reignited agitation japanese developed marginal land california accused secured richest desirable farm land japanese forces farmers associations able secure passage amended alien land law amended law deprived japanese lease agricultural land act designed prevent issei acting guardians property native born minor property held legally alien alien land law effective reducing number japanese agriculture trend agricultural expansion reversed specific legal implications avoided ways alien land law symbolic threats japanese farmers ignore alien denied citizenship denied lease land finding continuous harassment think investing hard earned money land capitalistic system property rights highly valued inability land tremendous handicap
mathematics important changing students say mathematics courses give trouble find mathematics difficult subject study troubles arise inability read specialized text mathematics paragraphs follow told mathematics text differs text subjects general suggestions reading subject field activities provided practice reading mathematics text difficulty mathematics lessons carefully placing emphasis careful reading mathematics quickly correctly read complete unit text mathematics compact word symbol important skipping word filling context place mathematics subject requires careful reading vocabulary mathematics words common meanings special meaning mathematics words function ray range common meanings understand mathematics words meanings mathematics specialized vocabulary words hypotenuse polynomial perimeter belong especially mathematics words type find mathematics textbooks symbols words add difficulty reading subject field subjects read words mathematics read words special signs letters find expressions entirely letters
let suppose put penny toy bank today tomorrow doubling amount think bank end weeks guess look sum bottom column figures table expect surprised continue procedure weeks guess bank put bank add amounts put bank days total ambitious month days days grand total sounds fantastic unbelievable simply illustrates characteristic nature exponential function exponential growth refers quantity variable percent rate increase constant constant percent increase fairly high rate let study exponential function table values shown graph plot graph function limiting domain set nonnegative real numbers observe graph closely curve rises slowly increases curve rises rapidly greater rapidly curve rises
july neil armstrong stepped history bottom rung ladder leading apollo landing craft reached booted left foot planted human footprint moon uttered awaited words sure immortalized small step giant leap mankind meeting moon direct contact celestial body explorers realization centuries dreams scientists meant unprecedented opportunity clues origin nature moon earth appropriately armstrong able share triumphal moment mankind descended ladder pulled lanyard released fold equipment compartment deployed television camera miracle modern communications hundreds millions earth largest audience witnessed astronaut memorable step tv heard words radio required seconds takes radio waves travel miles kilometers moon earth armstrong image home screens gave viewers feeling history armstrong reached bottom lunar module ladder found moon green cheese observing lm foot pads depressed surface inches surface fine powdery pick loosely toe adhere fine layers powdered charcoal sole sides boots small fraction inch maybe eighth inch footprints boots treads fine sandy particles
arrived battle giant octopus natural climax thrilling undersea adventure movie knew octopus lurking stage set daring divers part captain nemo confident scene successfully sure native diver part pearl fisher assure realism agree play part dive gather pearls knowing exactly going happen knew unusual saw armored divers sink silently sea camera range confidence promise big bonus octopus pearl diver captain nemo hand ready prepared undertake filming astounding extraordinary scene attempted scene wrote jules verne describing harrowing experience pearl fisher unhappy seized tentacle fixed suckers caprice enormous trunk rattled throat stifled unfortunate lost rescue powerful pressure captain nemo rushed monster blow ax cut arm instant thought unhappy torn powerful suction tentacle arms cut captain nemo threw monster ejected stream black liquid
expressed idea planets solve problem population complete fallacy humanity increasing rate conceivable space lift inroads appalling figure present techniques combined military budgets nations suffice land ten moon space transportation free fabulously expensive scarcely help matters single planet human beings live elaborate mechanical aids need paraphernalia spacesuits synthetic air factories pressure domes totally enclosed hydroponic farms lunar martian colonies supporting looking living room surplus population cheaper find antarctic bottom atlantic ocean population battle fought won earth longer postpone inevitable conflict horrifying weapons needed victory planets save matter logic count weight increasing numbers suffocating sense pressure walls ant heap crowd closer help power drive space millionth humanity battle lost planet sir george darwin suggested depressing book million golden age compared endless vistas famine poverty follow billions population future fight earth waning resources
health field computers employed maintain complete medical profile person country hour birth record constantly updated regional computer access doctors hospital personnel computer maintain files known ailment symptoms diagnosis treatment doctor communicate patient symptoms computer center seconds receive suggestions treatment computers handle nation fiscal transactions central credit information exchange banks business enterprises individuals connected purchases funds invested loans issued transfers credit computer dollar penny physically exchanging hands soil computerized range outlook agriculture includes sensing devices larger farms feeding information computer soil moisture temperature weather outlook details computer calculate crops plant seeding times amount fertilizer correct harvesting maximum yield profound wrought computer education machine assist students solve problems locate date information fundamentally improve enrich entire learning process student educational experience analyzed computer primary grades university computer based teaching machines programmed operated teachers trained elecronic data processing techniques instruct students rate suited individual concept mass education give concept personal tutoring teacher computer working team computers bring learning dimensions classroom
amish members religious group formed late century europe jacob ammann mennonite bishop switzerland involved bitter fight mennonite church religious interpretation result ammann followers broke parent body started strict branch mennonites amish established settlements switzerland parts europe general persecution mennonites forced amish migrate north america early members remained europe eventually absorbed religions resulting eventual disappearance amish church europe primarily farming community amish attracted fertile farmlands eastern united states largest concentration amish today lancaster county pennsylvania important groups ohio indiana ontario canada amish known simple easily recognized distinctive clothing wear wide brimmed black hats collarless black coats black trousers homemade clothes fastened hooks eyes buttons zippers strict observers amish customs wear neckties belts fact considered part modern worldly rejected beards mustaches hair parted middle drawn ears women clothing black wear white aprons prayer caps wear bonnets highnecked dresses shawls black coats black shoes stockings wear hair parted middle tied bun amish woman wears jewelry kind
concentration necessity common complaints students concentrate reading individuals start paying attention material sidetracked complete text power concentration based skills exclusion staying track exclusion means ability shut sights sounds thoughts wish concentrate give hundred percent attention reading content divided attention won yield vivid impression try focus attention text reading ignoring going story socrates philosopher volunteered serve military campaign philosophical question mind stood reached solution problem point discovered standing plain entire army hours march staying track find difficult give undivided attention study short period problem solution require practice suppose extreme able concentrate reading material minute instant attention begins wander raise eyes page rest moment pick left direct attention text concentrate longer period amounts minute progress continue concentration strain rest seconds try
writer speaker tries persuade accept ideas arguments think carefully reading hearing job intelligent judgments ideas arguments decide based reliable facts conclusions logical reasonable reach conclusion inductive reasoning inductive reasoning process start specific facts cases draw general conclusion suppose entered dark room filled twenty hats let say took saw red took hat saw red took ten hats saw red inductive reasoning conclude looking remaining hats twenty hats room red course conclusion false hats green sure taking hat looking hats looked surer words inductive reasoning facts support conclusion reliable conclusion writers speakers tricks argue order reach desired conclusion say sense argument mistakes mistakes called fallacies fallacy argument follow course reason critical reader able recognize fallacies order tricked accepting false conclusions fallacies occur course inductive reasoning fall general categories fallacies oversimplify fallacies change subject
slanting presentation side issue heard expression sides story argue don want admit facts hurt argument slant issue mentioning things support side rest left times slant issue debate instance present arguments support view senseless defeating mention weaken position legitimate slanting found government works country groups farmers teachers manufacturers doctors groups want laws protect interests legislators vote bills representatives special interest group try persuading lawmakers vote benefit practice persuasion called lobbying imagine proposed bill force car manufacturers install antipollution device automobiles manufacturers feel device costly bring financial disaster business environmentalists hand welcome measure representatives side lobby slant issues attempt persuade lawmakers vote bill lobbying results compromise bill modified satisfy sides equally honest type slanting occurs advertising manufacturer persuade buy product telling qualities failing mention shortcomings loud facts facts mention silent facts facts don mention
april october pony express fastest mail service west mail carried st joseph missouri sacramento california young horses rode miles stretch thin light tire horses weight carried mail gun knife riders rode fast pace horses tired quickly horses changed miles changed swing stations set pony express rider rest change rider place called relay station riding fast pace brave pony express riders letter st joseph sacramento nearly miles ten days imagine young mother father dead need job badly place small busy city st joseph missouri ad newspaper wanted young skinny wiry expert riders willing risk death wages week russell pony express willing risk death hungry want find job cost ask meet young age front pony express office wearing buckskin shirt cloth pants high boots cody pony express rider
heard snapping twigs step low growl turned swiftly found face face sight hair lift feet stood fearsome monster seen times size covered shaggy dark hair fangs bared creature sink neck evil eyes shot red smell stinking breath nearer nearer save awful brute try run monster legs strong sure overtake flash mind racing thing drew closer save looked knew risky hope ran tallest tree find climbed fast stopped climbing knew branch thin hold shaking body hoped monster crafty tree looked saw thing standing base tree stretching awful minute thought climb didn sat ground eyes ablaze howling mad thing upset lost likely victim
woman showed despard house suddenly disappeared later strange thing happened heard ghost reported seeing woman black dress window appeared crying screamed fear disappeared woman seen house doors street house despards owned ghost moved house known saw woman black clearly visible ghosts case unseen haunted bell farmhouse tennessee ghost tap windows scratching noises floor bells hear eerie laugh times hear sound slap soon red marks children faces struck passed noises slaps worse evil ghost started talking bells told unhappy began haunting bell girls told hated boyfriend told wife bell girl scared stopped seeing boyfriend powerful bell witch unseen called won fight powerful wicked ghost appeared general moulton house hampshire story ghost goes night general loved money richest hampshire
shortly midnight kate heard thudding pull coal burning train sounded weak loud moan storm looked window saw train dim lights turn bend train rolled wooden bridge bell tolling drive wheels droning bridge framework quaked gave screeching crash kate looked shock train fell raging river knew train knew fell train minute later heard underwater blast train exploded kate ran mother cross river tell stationmaster midnight express due soon express don pleaded mrs shelley cross river storm dangerous kate tied hair head stay watch train fall river quickly picked miner lamp ran stormy night mother words cut banging door blowing wind rain stung face hands wind whipped skirt legs reached riverbank gasped clinging tree branches water line flooded river called climb stay help stop express kate ran bridge left wooden plank catwalk feet qualm stepped plank
sunday night home watching nancy drew tv sister babysitting parents nice guy mom fran re girls mature sooner boys heard anyway tv nancy drew dark hall watching hooded creep snooping dad den phone rang creep wrenched phone wall ringing oops phone ran needed sitter needed money sister slipped ads front door household neighborhood spread word babysitting business picked phone hear raspy breathing forget thought started hang voice heard need help baby couldn lot screaming tv jackson street jackson street heard hurry jackson street block house didn house wasn sure wanted babysit person sounded scared heard baby start crying wasn everyday cry dry pants food
late night waited walked plant dogs barked gates ger ger failed ilg left didn happened morning pid complete despair knew twenty glom expedition planet point complete failure decided walk boldly shape left saw workers arriving numbers rushing gates showing passes guards anymore pid wondered try mix wait activity decided advantage confusion started shape dog walked past forest hiding hello dog ger happened pid asked sigh relief couldn don didn try ger wagging tail pid speechless hunting ger happily form ideal hunting rear gate dog expedition duty changed mind pid wanted detector born detector true wanted hunter ger pid shook entire body annoyance slowly hunter shape forbidden ger wagging tail pid answered angrily let
john job city parents home looked empty apartment couch slept sitting clothes closet tv couple pans telephone put today money buy things needed shopping night town store store found things needed late shop tonight thought organized picked telephone book began looking yellow pages decided table chairs cookware things needed department store things looked department store yellow pages didn car wanted find store apartment surprise address blocks note john buying food small store doors apartment building food cost looked grocers found chain store couple blocks tomorrow refrigerator john wanted find address doctor looked doctors index read physicians surgeons turned ps
improvement reading speed level normal superior student students difficulty reading concentrate comprehension working improve speed drill book primarily comprehension improvement teacher wishes emphasize column rule passages reading speed improvement book easy student difficulty vocabulary subject matter passages book fairly easy advanced secondary university students worry easy let students fast efficiently read mark reader speed read easy material rapidly comprehension conversely mark poor reader reads speed slow reading speed training benefit united states enthusiastic students reading improvement courses university graduates realize important slight improvement reading skill happy report reading rate training regular part university secondary school curricula important comprehension reading main purpose reading understand author thoughts multiple choice questions follow selections drill book roughly divided types questions questions matters fact questions require thinking rote recall facts ability find meant specifically stated ability put ideas form idea
venetians developed kind glass clear lenses special glass spectacles optical instruments seventeenth century venetian artists paris mirrors palace versailles built king louis xiv centuries glass shaped blowing pipe ball hot soft molten glass air glass thick thin give shapes final shaping special tools glass reheated times finally worked desired shape today compressed air machines molds blow shape glass present century safety glass invented modern cars planes safety glass placing layer plastic layers plate glass layer glass broken pieces scatter injure glass type strong resist bullets war ii glass optical instruments exported europe war americans european glass forced result kinds glass developed previously unknown effects achieved mixing chemical elements sand glasses strong resist kinds shocks legend hard glass similar recently developed invented roman showed discovery emperor emperor saw glass feared valuable gold silver making treasury worthless
sheep wool wool early desert clothing camel hair asia minor fleece angora goat northern india tibet wove fleece cashmere goat soft warm clothing south american indians clothes wool llama beast burden despite widespread early wool linen cotton important source clothing today wear clothing cotton cotton history fifteen hundred birth christ india making cotton cloth greek historian herodotus wrote century christ tree asia bore cotton exceeded goodness beauty wool sheep india wove dyed cotton thousand indian methods weaving dying remained unchanged cotton exported europe eighth century brought spain moors north africa europeans liked textile began cotton cloth fifteenth century cotton industry spread spain central europe low countries columbus arrived west indies found indians wearing cotton clothes pizarro spanish conqueror peru found incas growing cotton making clothes magellan found brazilians swinging cotton hammocks cortes impressed beauty cotton tapestries rugs aztecs presents king charles ii spain
torrential rains houses built piles ground steep thatched roofs drain rain living congo river region found steep heavily thatched roofs drain jungle rains quickly africa found roof broad leaves sheds rain quickly borneo houses built high posts protect dampness tribes malaya build homes forked branches trees climb houses bamboo ladders northern countries build houses protect cold snow houses built sturdy materials roofs steep snow slide overhanging eaves snow piling house northern siberia snowfall extremely heavy roofs funnel shaped platform protect chimneys drifting snow protection danger influenced type house builds enemies threatened house inaccessible tree dwellers philippines protect living high ground danger threatens remove ladders leading homes cliff dwellers american southwest built homes high sides cliffs access difficult nomad tribes move place place taking care flocks sheep need fresh grass houses simple easy transport nomads central asia developed house framework poles covered felt house round framework curved
bolivian indians mines mining important industry bolivia gold silver mined important mining product tin bolivia largest producer tin metal makes fourths bolivia exports minerals tungsten mined mines located high plateaus eastern slopes andes high plateaus fertile region thick forests fine woods ebony mahogany grow roads region highly developed primary means transportation river boats porters heavy loads carried mules llamas llamas fairly large animals sure footed mountain slopes travel distances food water indians weave wool llamas coarse heavy cloth finer cloth woven skin similar animals vicuna alpaca animals indians historians believe indians live high country animals lived east hill region plains stretch brazil plains warm rainfall tropical plants coffee sugar tobacco cotton grown close brazilian border plains fertile sparsely populated difficult touch places plains rivers railroads indian tribes area live hunting fishing cattle raising gardening
spite horrors bomb country today afraid countries atomic power atomic bombs kill entire population ten twenty times countries bombs ago busy making order feel protected obviously atomic bomb changed concept victory defeat war past tribe country won war richer powerful atomic war started sides killed hopelessly burned victims non fighting nations radioactive waves national boundaries president eisenhower put modern weapons victory late eighteenth century nineteenth number wars fought liberty independence american revolution ended united states independent britain french revolution established republic country series revolutions latin america resulted independence group countries european masters sort thing happening places africa asia peoples felt free decisions trying establish free national societies places politically free economy country controlled war number independent african countries colonies belonged nations places independence gained easily took struggle promises free
aztecs achieved power building wealth tribes conquered capital center commerce wealth culture skilled architects stone masons aided slave labor built temples palaces comfortable houses aztecs botanical gardens unknown europe aid irrigation travel city aztecs built elaborate canal system grew cotton fine clothes ornamented gold rare furs bright feathers tropical birds aztecs alphabet records history means picture writing system education run priests priestesses schools open upper classes aztecs hospitals doctors surgeons century european medical facilities staffs aztec study astronomy advanced able accurate calendar predict eclipses calendar famous relic civilization round flat stone feet thick twenty feet diameter signs pictures representing days months aztec legend prophesied white god east rule hernando cortes spanish captain took advantage belief helped greatly conquest aztecs beautiful aztec city tenochtitlan gleaming white temples palaces dazzled eyes invading spaniards built attractive natural setting spaniards saw high peaks surrounded valley mexico
impossible answer question built canal ago living dry country discovered dig ditches irrigate fields river water naturally days boats important means transport canals easiest means reaching place river level river ditch joining rivers proved easy saving boat travel today countries canals twentieth century goods moved cheaply boat means transport canals suez panama save ships weeks making voyage thousand miles shorter canals permit boats reach cities located coast canals drain lands water help irrigate fields water furnish water power factories mills size canal depends kind boats going canal wide permit largest boats pass easily deep leave feet water beneath keel largest boat canal canals sloping sides sides nearly vertical canals cut rock nearly vertical sides canals earth banks crumble angle sides steep canals lined brick stone concrete water soaking mud
black black nothingness sky black bright shining stars twinkled sun white burning disk hang black velvet surrounding heavens scene spread eyes astronaut left spaceship walk outer space russian astronaut performed feat leonov date walk space march months later similar feat performed american astronaut walk space space walkers spent months previous flight learning control movements strange conditions exist space wearing thick space suits learned deal environment weight gravity realize depend earth gravity deprived feet longer stay ground float air slightest touch send drifting opposite direction laboratories astronauts trained journeys subjected conditions resemble flight takes prepare occur space spaceship leaves earth tremendous speed astronauts feel crushed spaceship floor later leave zone earth gravitation unable stay place simple actions eating drinking difficult perform inkling astronauts deal try drink glass water standing head lying
wonder meant reading skills think skills recognize words pronounce feel efficient reading matter knowing words selecting facts printed page reading words facts small part read important skills obtain full meaning reading skills lets facts brought paragraph express important idea skill fully developed shows facts help explain larger idea reading ability improves greatly recognize main idea quickly skill recognizing ideas important remember related skill tells read care hurried addition skill recognize author plan written meaning pages suddenly clear facts ideas related reading complete understanding understanding resulting skills efficient reader mentioned important reading skills meet book mind book planned help develop practice skills larger purpose simply provide material read aims help improve reading beginning study practice skills easy
sentence read easy understand sentence separate idea sends direction sentences common bind sentence lead naturally try reading paragraph ways vegetables classified grouped grouped color red yellow green classified according part plant represent root stem leaf grouped according season re planted classified according react temperature reaction heat cold paragraph longer puzzling understand sentence paragraph meaning main thought tells vegetables arranged grouped ways sentences help explain main thought sentence main thought called key sentence unlocks meaning paragraph reader meaning paragraph sentences related common quickly easily reading reading understanding read paragraph meanings main thoughts sentences important facts remembered selection continue sense read
seen main thought consists part sentence sentence paragraph part sentence paragraph part let look presenting main thought word curfew complete change meaning ago originally french words meant cover fire bell rung soon nightfall warn cover fires put fell asleep hundred bell rung purposes informing exact clock later warn boys girls street sound bell present meaning word certainly original meaning main thought paragraph sentence course paragraph told meaning curfew sentence notice expressed practically thought words kind paragraph main thought found sentences actually key sentences paragraphs service reader sentence says paragraph says case forget reminding thought paragraph expect find paragraphs reading authors kind readers
matter grasp thought sentences paragraphs find reading blocked single word word seen heard look slightly familiar meaning suppose reading painting meet sentence thought painting incomparable mean mean painting bad crowded cheap word fail meaning sentence sentence paragraph longer makes sense paragraph hard understand happens give completely practical thing reading going meet unfamiliar words skip won reading study thing course dictionary reading place dictionary hand note word look later meantime want reading meaning unfamiliar word fortunately things give meaning word reading find clues meaning word context words
sign reader flexibility readers able adapt reading skills meet demands material wish cover reading easier textbooks novels newspapers readers average rate speed speed vary words minute percent comprehension deal material readers cover interested field simply wish informed average rate speed cover large amount reading matter addition need read material high degree comprehension type reading matter flexible readers able adapt reading speed suit purposes readers wish cover large amounts material quickly skim skimming reading fastest speed person accomplish reader wishes cover material hurry high comprehension required mean skimming accept ridiculously low standard comprehension merely instances accept level comprehension lower obtained average reading speeds order achieve high rate skimming important note basic differences skimming average reading average reading skip material cover entire amount reading matter mean eyes fixate stop word mean skip sentences parts paragraphs
remember story guys embassy tell guy jail criticized warden keeping pack cards bible cell guy explained warden cards symbolism reminded biblical characters function calender prison smallest scraps information lot mileage drying enameled metal plate noticed bottom moscow factory figures enjoyed number games thought ready figure means saw numbers assumed date manufacture october plate pretty worn quarter century wondered referred prison kind code sat looked hand found saying silently plate twenty centimeters section ten centimeters true prove making sort tape measure checking dimensions course belt tie started looking cell towel caught eye woven pretty loosely fairly coarse cotton took seconds unravel thread end piece forty centimeters
liliana methol woman unique source solace younger thirty mothers object filial affection gustavo zerbino nineteen called godmother responded comforting words gentle optimism realized boys morale danger collapse thought ways distract predicament evening ninth gathered suggested tell anecdote past think say pancho delgado volunteered tell stories future father law met novia told fifteen older sure parents welcome anxious impression create short delgado reported accidentally pushed father swimming pool injuring leg discharged shotgun roof family car brand bmw leaving enormous hole pieces metal bent petals flower nearly electrocuted father helping prepare party garden house anecdotes tonic boys sitting dank atmosphere plane waiting feel tired sleep felt grateful turn stories spoke light faded returned thoughts awoke morning sunday october face tenth mountain
bare facts evening march eighteen months child charles lindbergh jr crib home hopewell jersey note left window sill kidnapper demanding ransom safe return ten weeks negotiation contact kidnapper handing demanded ransom dead body child found woods miles home newspapers full accounts tragedy books written crime period diary reappears series letters mother law written daily kidnapping give full account progress case lived needs explained outer facts mysteries written letters recently recovered seen written carefully put mother law papers reread shocked bewildered controlled calm factual midst horror suspense hopeful ten weeks faithfully recorded details emotional unreality hallucination course nightmare mother wrote hopewell nightmare letters mother law confirm impression impossible describe confusion living police station stairs detectives police secret service swarming mattresses dining room rooms night
arrival horse changed things pleasant woman tribe moved longer haul travois heavy dogs system wealth altered wait accumulate bison robes procure things wanted horse acceptable exchange easily delivered transaction agreed hunting bison changed search herd covering immense distances found tribe trudge pursuit sixteen swift riding hunters trail arrows shoot animals needed truss parts haul travois change greatest dogs longer haul huge loads small travois horse haul ten times big dogs pets eating bringing horse rattlesnake buttes unwittingly returned point genesis flourished gentler tribe neighbors innate appreciation horse attending carefully feeding care saddles devised improvement heavy affairs pawnee crude wooden efforts ute bridles simpler decoration restrained utilitarian adopted horse member family proved friend permitted conquer plains occupied explored
readers flexible readers limited type reading able read speeds levels comprehension previous section discussed reading techniques study reading average reading skimming skimming reading technique enables grasp main ideas details types reading material high rate speed wish discover general idea selection section discuss scanning reading technique skimming enables obtain information hurry unlike skimming locate specific facts type reading begin knowing purpose kind information looking detail need purpose reading determine reading technique reading speed level comprehension want maintain purpose reading general understanding material likely skim hand wish locate specific fact specific information need familiar information want scan scanning reading technique wishes locate single fact specific bit information reading scanning reading skill times daily activities scanning abilities looking channel favorite show television listings newspaper television magazines
interested popular music record hot source billboard weekly newspaper magazine disc jockeys chatter selections record stores find order recording stars find public loves music charts easy read book seller lists lot information begin scan minutes understand arrangement information let look music charts shown page chart lists top songs billboard hot songs ranked order popularity week let read star number column means song rising popularity week week number chart weeks title southern nights artist star performer instance glen campbell big black dot means record million seller line song listing producer parentheses writer record label producing company number instances distributing label means company acts distributor number record don leave tamia label distributed motown means want record ordered store motown producing company tamia charts exercises arranged similar knowing help scan speed accuracy
scanning alphabetized lists words numerical tables need locate specific bit information page material scanning specific facts article passage skill develop exercise give chance practice scanning newspaper article begin taking minutes familiar arrangement information read title subheads paragraphs read question decide clue words help locate section article need ready scan answer speed essential try read sentences merely scan columns locate section promises information need area found begin read bits sentences carefully find correct answer strive percent accuracy objective locate exact spot article answer located excuse getting totally accurate answers question don confuse skimming exercise seeking understanding main ideas entire passage objective scanning locate specific bit information exercise asks ten questions try save reading article times want scan newspaper article encyclopedia quickly locate specific bits information treat question want answer
set laws rules seldom read beginning end refer specific parts documents scanning efficient means locating information need moment note organization united nations declaration human rights exercise material organized short numbered passages called articles scan required information strive speed accuracy declaration human rights interesting document discover united states countries fortunate rights listed countries woefully lacking find interested reading document length sure continue scanning technique questions answered completed exercise read sections interest begin taking minutes look arrangement information note begin read question read declaration scan statement phrase article find move quickly locate exact information need exact wording beginning article end instances part phrase exact wording separated words article information seeking read carefully find answer don quick accept article general
wonder space question difficult answer reasons biggest problems exploration space machines humans united states viking space mission nearest planet mars existed viking landers shown page contained special laboratories instruments searched cameras scanned landscape objects appeared alive moving things identified evidence exists mars freeze dried planet today eroded landscape suggests heavy rains poured planet times martian abundant today planet surface dry cold air thin mars exposed large amounts ultraviolet radiation sun large organisms able live rigorous conditions scientists wondered tiny living organisms survived martian soil find viking landers equipped miniature laboratories occupied liters space left laboratory package size portable typewriter scientists equipped tiny laboratory perform tests martian soil samples search chemical signs digging arms viking landers gathered soil samples test equipment laboratory shone artificial sunlight soil added specially marked carbon dioxide atmosphere machines laboratories poured food form nutritious soup soil
appearance skeleton human body reveal humans inside bodies parts function alive cells tissues tissues form organs organs systems size shape body parts vary person person differ personality interests behavior group humans behave differently animals important ways study human behavior fascinated scientists centuries homo sapiens remains mystery bodies humans multicellular organisms organized systems perform jobs circulatory system carries gases digested food materials parts body digestive system takes food digests food eliminates undigested wastes respiratory system takes air gases air expels waste gases excretory system eliminates wastes produced inside cells nervous system collects information inside body information helps regulate body functions endocrine system helps regulate chemical substances body skeletal system framework body protects vital organs muscular system acts skeleton allow body movement reproductive system makes sex cells producing offspring system body organs organ performs tasks help entire system function heart arteries veins organs circulatory system shown heart pumps blood parts body arteries veins carry blood parts body return blood heart
learned matter combinations elements similarly organisms combinations kinds basic molecules organic compounds include carbohydrates proteins lipids nucleic acids molecules compounds large important molecules thousands tens thousands atoms body compounds ways energy breaking chemical bonds molecules body breaks large molecules compounds smaller molecules build body parts molecules provide coded information cell processes common organic compounds living organisms proteins proteins building maintaining body tissues kinds small building block molecules called amino acids proteins amino acid molecule fairly small organic molecule notice basic amino acid structure shown acid group cooh amino group twenty amino acids found living things differ part molecule shown letter formula common amino acids listed table proteins consist chains amino acids joined section important human blood protein looks room show end protein chain continue pages book chemical bonds amino acids joined protein called peptide bonds
millions bacteria flasks producing pigment dye blue jeans blue technique called gene cloning enables scientists change genetic material inside common bacteria bacteria secrete indigo pigment indigo dye wool cotton cloth hundreds originally indigo obtained plants recent times indigo artificially synthesized chemical laboratories scientists found common type bacterium called coli lives human intestines secrete indigo scientist developed technology gene cloning learned dna learned remove dna cells cutting enzymes learned cut dna small fragments contained genes indigo secreting bacteria scientists cut genes dna organism inserted genes dna coli bacteria combination genes recombinant dna bacteria secrete indigo bacteria reproduce offspring inherit dna inserted genes manner large cultures indigo secreting bacteria grown bacteria secrete kinds pigments colors picture illustrate variety pigments produced bacteria reproduce quickly large amounts indigo obtained quickly easily cost obtaining indigo bacteria cost artificially synthesizing indigo chemicals principles genetics learn unit enabled scientists understand genes function organisms
dr barbara mcclintock won nobel prize medicine discovery genes move spot chromosomes plant altering future generations plants produces award unusual reasons prize awarded late scientists realized importance woman win unshared nobel prize physiology medicine recognizing dr mcclintock nobel committee ahead study genetics barbara mcclintock born connecticut entered cornell university wanted study plant breeding department accept woman majored botany graduate student cornell studied plant genetics received doctorate taught research cornell colleague cornell helped research position carnegie institution department genetics cold spring harbor york dr mcclintock studied genetic mutations examining color texture pigments corn kernels leaves growing plants worked corn ease correlating individual chromosomes pigmentation kernels contributed knowledge plant genetics describing detailed structure normal abnormal corn chromosomes dr mcclintock reported genetic information transpose chromosome scientists difficulty believing unorthodox view genes
seen shapes leaves shells bones imprinted rock shown picture left thought imprints ago imprints formed sign earlier laid soil rock fossil fossil animal track imprint organism part organism replaced rock fossil organism actually changed rock fossils give indirect evidence evolution seen handled fossils real objects seeing fossil seeing process evolution fossil record scientists indirect evidence evolution part chapter learn indirect evidence evolution final lesson describes direct evidence evolution preservation organisms fossils called fossilization woolly mammoths found frozen solid siberia specimens furry rhinoceros extinct found specimens found preserved oily waxy deposits poland saber toothed tigers found tar pits los fossilization complete examples organisms die decay fossilized fossil formation occur hard parts organism preserved skeletons shells tree trunks resist decay process place cases parts skeleton fossilized parts parts living species
slime molds unusual organisms complicated cycles amebalike stage funguslike stage strange creatures grow damp soil rotting logs decaying vegetation forests non reproductive vegetative stage common slime mold physarum large ameboid mass cytoplasm surrounding numerous nuclei sticky mass called plasmodium white yellow red stage bears relation plasmodium sporozoan genus slime mold plasmodium flows slowly ameboid motion engulfing absorbing organic nutrients ameba plasmodium respond stimuli avoid obstacles dry areas dry cold conditions unfavorable plasmodium growth conditions plasmodium stays place thickens begins grow small stalks fruiting bodies follow stages diagram meiosis occurs cells tips fruiting bodies cell walls cover individual monoploid nuclei forming spores slime mold spores released environment remain dormant periods conditions favorable spores germinate forming gametes equipped flagella gametes swarm fuse pairs form zygotes zygote produce plasmodium water molds protist phylum members produce food water molds live water moist soil obtain nutrients dead organic material water molds parasites live tissues plants animals water molds produce threadlike filaments absorb nutrients protists water molds undulipodia cycles spores water molds bear flagella
early history earth land harsh forbidding environment according current interpretations fossil evidence land plants evolved aquatic green algae million ago fact plants green algae share traits supports hypothesis members groups chlorophyll pigment photosynthesis cell walls plants green algae cellulose unlike cells organisms cells plants green algae form cell plate cell division cell plate divides cytoplasm cells form unlike organisms plants green algae monoploid cells generation diploid cells generations alternate monoploid diploid condition called alternation generation diagram outlines main steps cycle diploid generation called sporophyte plants produce spores spore monoploid reproductive cell produced meiosis spore favorable environment germinate develop monoploid plant monoploid plant gametophyte gamete producing plant mitosis plant forms monoploid gametes male gamete fertilizes female gamete producing diploid sporophyte completing cycle plants green algae adapted living land land offered plants advantages abundant sunlight space living land disadvantages plants danger drying land water immediately algae lived water plants adapted land environment roots reach water ground waxy coating leaves helps prevent water loss
crystal clear waterdrop hangs orchid leaf high mahogany tree branch drop falls silently hot damp air forest floor suddenly forest filled sound chain saw roar mahogany tree sways creaks saw influence series snaps forest giant crashes ground taking trees mahogany fine furniture trees left rot tropical rain forests controversial issues feel forests fully exploited feel preserved understand controversy important vegetation soil rain forest contrary popular belief lush vegetation tropical rain forests grows poorest soils earth high temperatures moisture promote rapid decay fallen trees forest litter picture shows roots attach decaying matter efficient root system absorbs nutrients quickly nutrient rich soil develop poor soil farmer cuts burns patch forest field grow crop farmer moves cut patch forest farmers rely slash burn agriculture existence scientific projects tropics show crops grow area periods soil analysis fertilizers crop rotation farmers resources scientific farming methods
body starfish arms rays attached central disk skeletal plates rounded spines protect entire dorsal side sieve plate opening water vascular system located dorsal side central disk arms easily seen dorsal side anus wastes eliminated ventral surface arm grooved channel tube feet tip arm light sensitive eyespot mouth located center ventral surface leads stomachs larger stomach turned inside mouth allowing starfish digest food body starfish feed kinds animals including clams oysters starfish picture attacking clam feed arms starfish press shells clam enabling suckers tube feet firm hold shells humped position starfish pull shells tube feet change periodically shell closed clam large muscles instances clam weaken shell open wide opening small millimeter large starfish force inside stomach clam stomach secretes powerful digestive enzymes enzymes turn soft body clam kind thick soup starfish ingest starfish beneficial feed dead decayng organisms huge numbers larvae starfish produce provide food sea creatures
certainly familiar widespread chordates vertebrates live type habitat moles gophers burrow ground fish turtles whales beavers swim water snakes frogs cats live land bats birds fly air vertebrate species chordates vertebrate notochord dorsal nerve cord pharyngeal gill slits vertebrates nerve cord differentiated complex nervous system species vertebrates notochord gill slits seen embryonic stages scientists think vertebrates developed ancestor characteristics similar larval urochordates vertebrates backbone shown drawings page flexible bony structure develops notochord replaces completely species backbone flexible notochord movement backbone small bones single rod backbone protects nerve cord support length body vertebrates internal skeleton bone cartilage internal skeleton supports body muscles enables animal dig run swim walk fly skeleton vertebrates living tissue grows organism grows living growing skeleton differs arthropod skeleton shed allow growth animal vertebrate closed circulatory system heart chambers valves separate chambers blood flowing backward heart contracts chambered heart efficient circulation blood
class reptilia includes living species reptiles belong large groups group includes crocodiles alligators group includes turtles snakes lizards group fourth group consists living species zealand tuatara sphenodon unlike amphibian reptile complete entire cycle land reptiles spend lives water reptiles major adaptations allow live land tough dry leathery skin prevents reptile drying land skin scales added protection reptiles chambered heart chamber partly divided wall reptiles chambered hearts structure reptile heart greater separation oxygen rich oxygen poor blood chambered heart amphibians reptiles produce type egg survive land shown photograph reptilian egg supply food water dry exposed air type egg successful land species snakes lizards live lay eggs driest deserts earth specialized land egg shown drawing left tough outer shell protective exchange gases environment inside egg membranes nourish protect developing embryo yolk sac membrane encloses yolk rich proteins fats carbohydrates blood vessels carry nutrients yolk sac embryo develops membrane allantois holds wastes produced developing embryo
populations change ways catastrophic events fires floods change population sizes dramatically events increase decrease areas populations occupy factors vary population densities distributions male female ratios population occur response change factors influence population factors responsible changing population factors influence population growth biotic involving living things abiotic involving nonliving things biotic factors presence predators shown food supply spread disease population density birth rate mortality rate abiotic factors include intensity wind picture experiencing temperature water light soil air shape land biotic abiotic factors called environmental resistance limiting factors limit growth rate population environmental resistance prevents population reaching biotic potential maximum reproduction rate population reaches biotic potential devastating effects members community entire biosphere bacteria divide minutes rate biotic potential generations hours biotic potential reached bacteria cover entire surface earth depth centimeters reach biotic potential population food water space needs survive ideal climate free predators competitors disease course population experiences ideal conditions population grows reach biotic potential
open fields abandoned farmland clearings forests ecologists opportunities study succession result studies ecologists developed generalized model showing succession proceeds refer pictures read succession abandoned farm field forest eastern united states seeds cover open field bare soil quickly help wind addition seeds lying dormant soil seeds grasses wildflowers plants broom sedge picture grow quickly bare soil meadow inhabitants field called pioneer plants later slower growing shrubs dominate landscape seedlings species trees pine seedlings shown picture grow partly survive unshaded field pines continue grow forest environment attracts populations squirrels birds carry seeds oaks maples deciduous trees forest floor scattered seedlings trees seedlings pine trees pine seedlings grow shade adult pine trees oak maple hickory shade tolerant continue grow eventually replace dying pines forming deciduous forest shown picture point community change species inhabit area community stable called climax community climax community includes organisms suited climate soil conditions climax communities
extinction forever species extinct seen passenger pigeon passenger pigeon died zoo prevent extinctions species try prevent extinctions concerned future generations animals gorillas humpback whales brown pelicans picture conservationists think humans protect endangered species species extinct point protect endangered species lose precious natural resource variety organisms needed maintain ecosystems species organisms dependent survival organism habitat extinct affect entire ecosystem conservationists feel organisms protected preserve natural order beauty earth point species potential help humans directly indirectly today rely kinds organisms food medicines industrial products extinct species untapped resource beneficial human medicine resource lost forever extinction argue extinction natural process try interfere point began earth species existed extinct extinction occurred climate changed competition increased food scarce purposefully intend contribute wildlife extinction human lifestyles caused species disappear earth
returned brailsford junction realized avoid sad duty buying collar leash rascal building cage promise problems money counted quarters dimes nickels earned mowing lawns selling vegetables knew buying collar leash lumber chicken wire cage practically bankrupt months save canvas cover canoe frame meant canoe remain living room winter days children earn spending money child knew allowance finance purchase earned money pay bicycle fishing equipment garth shadwick harness shop told kindly problem beautiful collar leash rascal engraved silver plate collar wasn rascal collar put neck let feel smell telling newest treasure rascal liked shining buckle feel soft leather finally slipped neck surprise didn struggle try nip sat square bottom began feeling collar woman fingers pearls knew didn money pay shadwick adequately put quarters workbench payment bring week months
paragraphs fail beginning activities beth star runner camden high track team shape jogs miles morning going school late today decides warmup exercises quickly puts jogging clothes rushes brisk morning air begins jog immediately pulls muscle leg limp home knows able run today track meet story begins page announces teacher ernie turns quickly page begins reading fast wants finish fifteen minutes later realizes happening story remembers reading previewing steps helping concentrate feels frustrated angry skipped important step warming unwise begin exercising warming sense begin reading warming previewing movie preview preview reading selection glimpse coming helps improving concentration understanding speed reading previewing exercises beginning read prepare task ahead preview selection book steps look title headnote titles give clues topic main idea selection selections headnote highlights interesting part story turn page
tom lay thinking presently occurred wished sick stay home school vague possibility canvassed system ailment found investigated thought detect colicky symptoms began encourage considerable hope soon grew feeble presently died wholly reflected suddenly discovered upper front teeth loose lucky begin groan starter called occurred court argument aunt pull hurt thought hold tooth reserve present seek offered remembered hearing doctor tell thing laid patient weeks threatened lose finger boy eagerly drew sore toe sheet held inspection symptoms worthwhile chance fell groaning considerable spirit sid slept tom groaned louder fancied began feel pain toe result sid tom panting exertion took rest swelled fetched succession admirable groans sid snored tom aggravated sid sid shook course worked tom began groan sid yawned stretched brought elbow snort began stare tom
days camped assembly hall chan adventure finally pass appointment chan secret mother daddy yasuakichan parents knew invited chan tree students tomoe tree school grounds considered climbing tree chan tree edge grounds fence lane leading kuhonbutsu large tree slippery climb climbed skillfully fork feet ground fork comfortable hammock chan recess school sit look distance sky watch going children considered trees private property wanted climb tree ask permission politely saying excuse chan polio climbed tree couldn claim chan decided invite tree secret thought sure fuss knew left home chan told mother going visit chan home denenchofu telling lie tried look mother eyes shoelaces chan reached school train pass flapping neck found chan waiting flower beds grounds deserted summer vacation
read passage hazel rye learn actually stated learn suggested seated front porch rye home hazel father occupied comics section sunday paper textbooks dividing wrathful attention books pages black numbers words presently slammed volumes shut sat forward thrust voice retained sixth grade school starts teacher wants multiply don spit answer purple face purpler tell didn read didn write told read write knows didn read statements proven true actually stated passage think true suggested passage hazel failed sixth grade hazel makes teacher angry hazel dislikes schoolwork hazel reading written teacher assigns author information proves statements hazel states retained sixth grade read write teacher tells read write statements true conclude true author suggests hazel says teacher turns purple face suggests teacher angry
jiro shook hair eyes bent worktable dipped brush glue began apply inside puppet head lay halves jiro licked lips careful put glue head fallen delivered yoshida theater trick put amount stroke sighed dropped brush glue pot big hands big skinny thirteen body shaking afraid spot glue fall strings ruin works puppet eyes eyebrows move father weeks perfect mechanism jiro grabbed hand left commanded stop shaking strong fishy odor glue upsetting knew hungry happen ate glue insides stick sides puppet head stupid finished head properly father paint puppet assembled sold yoshida end week money buy food stop wondering glue belly reached glue brush began carefully shaking hand allow apply glue side head put
fact beowulf eyes strong part sensitivity due seeing boy fond playing bees beowulf means bee hunter angry swarm attacked face stinging cheeks eyelids badly responsible short sight say certainly stings deep painful darkened room weeks emerged daylight found things misty distant setback daunt blame bees beowulf rare kind person makes strength weaknesses eyes poor determined cultivating habits quickness concentration enabled truly seeing looking matter eyes typical manner beowulf putting imperfection service integrity real strength lay balance person saying strong strength accept things bad beowulf heard stories dreadful deeds demon grendel determined help hrothgar ship ready fine seaworthy craft curved prow chose fourteen brave indomitable fellows tested battle willing follow hero
think movie seen recently television theater imagine minutes explain friend movie choose tell tell major points movie describe minor details short summarizing movie read paragraph summary statement clarks pets cat kittens cat kittens dogs son parakeet fish room covered patio cages rabbit houses garter snake summary clarks collection animals includes cats dogs fish parakeet rabbit garter snake order clear report read able summarize step summarizing finding major details summary statement lists major details clarks animals tell minor details cat kittens fish parakeet rabbit snake step summarizing putting major details words easiest summarize major details order reading important summary short clear read story statements follow cold winter morning boy stopped smiling ax shoulder pretty boy father grindstone yes sir
esquires learn sing dance play musical instrument compose songs poems considered studies horrible waste supposed learn behave women treat gentleness courtesy protect esquire rugged spent hour hour practice yard stern eye professional learning handle weapons swung heavy blunt sword post staged mock fights esquires hour hour sat saddle learning manage horse hand knees hands accustomed heavy armor scarcely aware wore armor days taking learned shrug bruises cuts send modern boy hospital wounds commonplace squiremaster order days food idea going hungry spend winter night running castle yard sleep blankets driving rain carry hundred pound pack dawn dusk intended toughen night night squire drag yard dog tired aching bruised hungry look forward hard squire stuck course training reached manhood discovered worthwhile
read paragraph find boys alike boys identical peas pod true night brown eyes arch dark brows black curly hair hands feet walk boys alike author compares boys telling look alike boys similar walking read paragraphs learn boys contrasted levi liked books read hands loved music poetry thomas led told kids told highly developed rhythmic ability terrible stutter thomas talent discovered job notice teacher phil grier brought kettledrums soon school thomas summer levi apparent talent enjoyed writing prose poetry wrote easily constantly telling boys thomas musical talent natural leader tells levi contrast obvious talent writes easily telling ability writers comparison show things alike contrast show things read aware comparison contrast relationships words help signal comparisons similar words signal contrast unlike
hunting lolo forest missoula montana forest service drafted help put fire weather bad hunting goes elk highland big game matter needs snow drives animals lower reaches tells tales travels late september ground bare game trails dusty woods smelled thirst poor prospects ambition hunt ambition bag bull elk rack antlers boone crockett club note trophy room home head big horn ram full curl horn head close record mountain goat head grizzly bear measured full inches eye glass eye showpieces elk wanted eluded put money maybe india africa big cats alaska kodiak bear trophy room thin game trail dust spurted step hear rasp dry needles breeze stirred tops confiers moving wind sat lit pipe knowing smoke blow trail tobacco smoke spooks game tobacco smoke human voices handlers silent smokeless pack string clump arouse attention don
failing yellow light early evening fishing boat rocked gently bay quiet mysterious island crew stared forbidding mountains tales heard place true torn emotions deep curiosity desire ashore explore equally deep fear find island indonesia northwest australia green dots land blue flores sea islands famous grass skirted girls guitar music lived island chain island komodo known home remarkable dragon slopes ancient volcanic peak towering thousand feet sea stretched green carpets vegetation tall lontar palms stood hillsides umbrellas clean trunks steep walled canyons choked jungle thick brush tangles giant reptiles forked tongues glaring eyes raced short scaly legs devouring creatures pearl fishermen drifting offshore hungry wild foods supplement constant diet fish maybe thought island provide base fishing operations wondered folk straight story simply fed preposterous tall tale sure dropped anchor sloshed ashore began climbing soon paused rest stood reached silently touched arm companion nodded trail ahead
young arthur king britain merrier place court camelot noblest knights ladies land sound laughter sweet music heard morning night frowns tears voices raised anger rare gracious halls gardens times things wrong late spring unfortunately strange silence descended camelot seen king fretful mood dared disturb queen guinevere withdrawn ladies private quarters leaving king arthur young page sat corner room piping faint mournful tune flute king notice music paced chamber stood peering glumly casememt window nephew sir gawain found tapping finger window sill staring distance dear lord sir grawain cheer sun shining walk garden dogs anxious company caval lies doorway head paws hoping join king arthur sighed knows household hungry steward sir kay left quest month mismanaged neglected say sire protested gawain servants
passage book read think order events gary facedown looked small opening canvas bed patch floor knew heart gary friends high school mother going bring soon turn visitors switch solid hours lying stomach feet nurse sister marie minute calling orderly help flip stryker frame turn guy couldn move systems okayed sister marie checking steel tongs planted skull turning head tongs thirty pound weight attached hotshot dr kimball idea straighten spinal column bad put rack thirteen days hospital turns twelve times let hundred fifty flips tell sister marie sister lift top half frame looks stretcher lay clamp stretcher underneath bologna sandwich felt gary sister marie going orderly hurry gary thought contraption choose exactly weeks ago maybe opening game pep rally gym period
find hardest part writing assignment getting started writing sentence difficult mind filled ideas trying choose put order task complicated thinking spelling words correctly capital letters periods commas quotation marks properly concerned neatness handwriting mind overloaded electric circuit circuit carry electricity mind deal things answer problem step understand assignment clear ask questions assignments selections read asked describe character story slammy stillman autumn include information physical appearance personality traits character subject asked describe character track tell important story interesting think days assignment think compositions based selections read find reread parts story article jot words ideas examples material stop correct misspelled words decide ideas end
highest minds earth combined build questar spaceship accidentally captured creature living planet pi lowest minds earth gave creature popular cutie pie minds worked pi bring cutie pie fantastic listen property sell heaven knows creature cute cute earth millions human eyes glued millions color tv sets goggled rapturously iridescent feathers pearly belly radiant shimmering patterns covered cutie pie curved cozy rounded body human hearts doted dark liquid eyes gentle mouth smile busy hands complete thumbs cutie pie astonishing speed skill aaah aaah crooned aaah look making bed colors cuddle death oo mummy look cleaning whiskers cutie pie dolls coloring books tee shirts fan clubs cereal cartons cartoon serials fortunes instantly promoters fail creature adorable sweet live cutie pie nearly died actually touch hold mewed cutie pie let give proper ch ch hermitically sealed lived glass prison scientific tomb temperature exactly humidity precisely percent atmosphere hydrogen oxygen careful proportions dozen exotic gases atmosphere imitated pi place ch captured
daybreak billy buck emerged bunkhouse stood moment porch looking sky broad bandy walrus mustache square hands puffed muscled palms eyes contemplative watery gray hair protruded stetson hat spiky weathered billy stuffing shirt blue jeans stood porch unbuckled belt tightened belt showed worn shiny places opposite hole gradual increase billy middle period seen weather billy cleared nostril holding mate closed forefinger blowing fiercely walked barn rubbing hands curried brushed saddle horses stalls talking quietly finished iron triangle started ringing ranch house billy stuck brush currycomb laid rail breakfast action deliberate wasteless house mrs tiflin ringing triangle nodded gray head withdrew kitchen billy buck sat steps cow hand wouldn fitting dining room heard tiflin house stamping feet boots high jangling note triangle put boy jody motion boy ten hair dusty yellow grass shy polite gray eyes mouth worked thought triangle picked sleep
fine knife whetted carefully jody held pony head throat taut billy felt place jody sobbed bright knife point disappeared throat pony plunged weakly stood trembling violently blood ran thickly knife billy hand shirt sleeve sure square hand sawed round hole flesh breath bursting hole throwing fine spray blood rush oxygen pony took sudden strength lashed hind feet tried rear jody held head billy mopped wound carbolic salve job blood stopped flowing air puffed hole sucked regularly bubbling noise rain brought night wind began fall barn roof triangle rang breakfast eat wait billy hole plugging jody walked slowly barn dispirited tell billy barn door blown open let pony emerged wet gray morning sloshed house taking perverse pleasure splashing puddles mother fed put dry clothes didn question couldn answer questions ready barn brought pan steaming meal give jody pan
seen boy melvin spencer showing interest loaded table farm farm uncle dick saw eat melvin spencer ate uncle dick aunt emma spring school tried eat table couldn sell farm prepare meal whopping big price chuckle looked aunt emma hope aunt emma re children wade winter mud school don electricity don things city think country woman wants melvin spencer didn listen aunt emma busy eating finished uncle dick pulled cigar inside coat pocket struck match table lit blew big cloud smoke ceiling evident enjoyment looked aunt emma smiled place sold mother uncle dick wink re goin mud let woman slave wear galoshes winter bright clean streets wearin shined shoes blessed electric washer radio won batteries charged bathroom electric stove stove wood choppin boys
hunger stole slowly aware hunger meant hunger elbow played began wake night find hunger standing bedside staring gauntly hunger known grim hostile stranger normal hunger beg constantly bread ate crust satisfied hunger baffled scared angry insistent begged food mother pour cup tea clamor stomach moment later feel hunger nudging ribs twisting empty guts ached grow dizzy vision dim active play pause think happening mama hungry complained afternoon jump catch kungry trying laugh forget kungry boys eat hungry taste don tell catch hungry smiling sensed teasing angry hungry want eat wait want eat eat told explained want eat beginning cry
craw craw craw witch crowed turn brat toad critch screamed rage muddy brat turning plump green yellow brown toad critch turned perfectly fine toad brat sound critch scream children raced home soon farm families grew accustomed extra children food love arrivals welcomed looked farm children blond magic pond children green eyes brown black red hair ran home supper brothers sisters found place sleep loft critch stomped home grind stubby teeth pore spell book smoky gloom kitchen passed critch spells awry bright morning decided wonderful flood wanted miles mud houses floating valley clothes books blankets ruined stink rotten crops fields critch grinned sounds delicious critch smacked lips called broom forest farms pored spell book half night spell repeated flew forget critch began spell heavy showers began rain rain water rained flowers yelled critch flowers showers water mud change spell blossoms color fell sunny skies
re giving ether torpedo room cut re feeling group anxious faced arms thrust reversed white pajama coats gauze bandages hid expressions tensity eyes acute appendix inside dean rector pains unendurable rector birthday sea nineteen sea surface enemy waters crossed recrossed japanese destroyers transports nearest surgeon competent operate rector thousands miles prevent appendix bursting crew operate chief surgeon twenty pharmacist mate wheeler lipes classified electrocardiographer seen navy doctors appendixes thought difficulty ether crew find appendix didn want patient waking finished decided operate table officers wardroom room patient head feet reached ends hanging medical book read appendix knew role cook provided ether mask inverted tea strainer covered gauze surgeon staff senior age rank carried rector wardroom submarine captain asked lipes talk patient
occurred wang baker shop bread dusty fallen mortar bread moved soldier lay edge shadow cast willow tree grew bank dike baker shop dogs baker shop ruins saw mass crumpled earthen walls remembered oven inside door door frame stood erect supporting end roof stood frame running hand underneath fallen roof inside felt wooden cover iron caldron steamed bread worked arm delicately carefully took clouds lime dust choked squeezed hand cover felt firm smooth skin big steamed bread rolls drew hard kill thing remarked carefully began eat rolls walked bit garlic bowl tea couldn times moment heard voices sight soldier saw surrounding crowd soldiers apparently staring wounded soldier eyes closed
veterans hospital york lay young air force pilot face turned wall bitter angry plane crash left body paralyzed move neck wanted die wouldn listen doctors spoke plan teach live handicap let junius kellogg talk doctors helped hold maybe young pilot college athlete mean lot junius played basketball harlem globetrotters foot inch junius kellogg roomed paralyzed room junius read pilot record wheeled corridor young vet room pilot wasn interested junius say re talking vegetable vegetable kellogg laughed worse stop wasting boy told dead dead kellogg sharply visits pilot began look forward seeing kellogg kellogg soft voice spent childhood virginia big gentle took job feeding young pilot found don miss playing basketball busy kellogg grinned coach wheel chair basketball team exercise hours lie bed muscles
jack weaver vitals multivac looking worn disgusted stool maintained solid watch todd nemerson weaver find wrong won mean re help sitting thinking thinking nemerson stirred impatiently stool teams computer technologists roaming corridors multivac haven days spare person think matter thinking look relay stuck simple jack says simple million relays matter relay multivac alternate circuits devices locating flaw facilities repair replace ailing part trouble multivac won answer original question won tell wrong panic city don economy depends multivac knows told think re missing completely look jack computer bigwig hundred devoted making multivac complicated talk listen practically complex human brain understand human brain understand multivac aw saying multivac human nemerson grew absorbed sink
sister angela amazed week christmas vacation class submitted history essay worthy high mark cases high minus sister angela believe deserved learned let knew experts presidents cards purchased card contained picture president reverse side summary career looked cards biographies imprinted minds effort street corner conversations filled information fact james madison called father constitution john adams intended minister president cards roaring success cowboy cards quickly forgotten place receive gum cards kind chewy caramel caramel tucked corner mouth bulging cheek manner wads tobacco bulged mouths baseball stars place competition collecting cards fierce frustrating fierce intent send baseball glove frustrating thirty presidents including franklin delano roosevelt variety minimum deliveryman left boxes cards store monday discovered entire box devoted single president weeks row boxes contained abraham lincolns week roger lussier heroes frenchtown
took months negotiation understanding hurry lived rio en hundreds tilled land tilled house small wretched quaint creek ran land orchard gnarled beautiful sale office coat green faded thought senator catron power mountains prince alberts wore gloves torn fingertips showed carried cane skeleton worn umbrella walked innumerable kin dark young eyes gazelle bowed room removed hat gloves slowly carefully chaplin picture bank janitor handed things boy stood obediently chair deal conversation rain family proud large family finally business yes sell agreed twelve hundred dollars cash buy money ready don anselmo spanish discovery remember surveyor engineer survey land deed finds acres
hour hour gun pointed lifeboat stern sat twenty days drifting covered shoot close quarters wouldn miss realized jumped glared hate guts especially barrett mate barrett harsh cracked voice re dope snyder hold forever re half asleep didn answer stay awake dared shut eyes maybe seventy hours soon doze instant happened pounce water left canteen lay legs wasn twenty days maybe pint give drops bloodshot eyes gladly kill drops didn count longer officer wrecked montala gun water craved tongues swollen cheeks sunken half crazy judged hundred miles east ascension storms atlantic swells easy morning sun hot hot scorched skin tongue thick clog throat rest single gulp water gun authority boat knew water look forward death
marvin gregg laughed wildly clutched hair pulling stood straight side head mumbling chuckling leaned test tube smoke poured corner lab knocked door telephone rang rang gregg took eyes thick green liquid test tube chuckles groans liquid stopped bubbling clear water started experiment anguished cry smashed test tube wall ran laboratory passage margin gregg presented intense highly emotional slightly mad person story continued marvin bumped fellow scientist hall likely stop apologize turn muttering fiction stereotype character embodies traits commonly expected members group character belongs stereotype mad scientist founded assumption wrapped emotionally involved understand mind character presented stereotype qualities character individual stereotypes embody favorable unfavorable qualities kindly overworked country doctor hot tempered redhead shrewd tough private detective familiar stereotypes stereotypes consider stereotypes television commercials warm hearted grandparent dignified medical expert perfectly conditioned athlete stereotypes fiction easily recognized reader knowledge behave
want describe favorite place special teacher abandoned house friend worst enemy composition hands voice facial expressions communicate limited words paper find words picture hope paint methods help picture person place imagination let scene mood settle mind want reader feel main impression want create want suggest enclosed feeling mine shaft creepiness abandoned house comfort room home quiet dignity older neighbor decided want convey description identify individual items mental picture remember reader picture help assemble person place want communicate reader vague blur general think person place jot details mind quickly word phrase detail leave empty lines adding details occur words words appeal senses sight sound touch taste smell combination avoid vague impressions involve senses writing abandoned house night don list detail building frightening show details frightening reader broken windows
culture germanic settlers decades england faithfully recorded heroic poem boewulf tribal society ruled warrior kings led battle defeat capture kings meant death peacetime king position secure rival warriors tribe seeking power tribe neighboring kings posed constant threat protect lands king gathered retinue fighting called thanes oath pledged defend defeat battle thane meant death slavery hands victors battle fierce unyielding king rewarded faithful service treasure rings gold especially weapons gifts payment awards form honor due faithful thanes warrior society wealth king robbing bloodshed common offense caused thane avenged king fellow thanes aid endless feuds individuals tribes party feud driven tribe case melancholy writer husband message king thanes wives servants gathered royal quarters stone built castles medieval period small cluster wooden buildings surrounded stockade fence main structure mead hall mead fermented drink water honey malt yeast modern archaeologists found remains mead hall eighty feet forty feet wide walls wooden planks inches thick bases sunk feet ground
king greeted comrads helmet bearers faithful friends bear sword weapon battle evil worm knew close fiend grappled grendel worm look welling fire belching venom bear shield byrny foot space flee monster ward mound fare fight wall fate allot lord mankind bold spirit boast fight flying serpent clad corselets trappings war side barrow abide twain battle survive wounds adventure mission save mine measure strength monstrous dragon play part valiant earl deeds daring gain gold death battle break lord stalwart rose shield bold hunder helmet bearing sark stone cliff trusted strength single coward survived struggle combat crashing troops saw stone arch stood wall gushing stream broke barrow hot fire flow surge abide hoard unburned endure depths flame dragon lord geats grip fury gave shout defiance strong heart stormed
reeve choleric thin beard shaven closely skin shown hair abruptly stop ears docked top priest front legs lean sticks calf seen bins garners trim auditor gain point judge watching drought rain yield expect seed grain master sheep animals hens pigs horses dairies stores cattle pens wholly trusted government contract present accounts master earliest caught arrears bailiff serf herdsman dared kick knew dodges knew trick feared plague beneath lovely dwelling heath shadowed green trees sward hand bargains lord grown rich store treasure tucked pleasure lord subtle loans gifts goods earn thanks coats hoods young learnt trade carpenter rate skill stallion cob rode slow trot gray bore scot wore overcoat bluish shade rusty blade slung side heard tell norfolk place called baldeswell coat tucked belt splayed rode hindmost cavalcade
generations heavens earth created lord god earth heavens plant field earth herb field grew lord god caused rain earth till ground mist earth watered face ground lord god formed dust ground breathed nostrils breath living soul lord god planted garden eastward eden put formed ground lord god grow tree pleasant sight food tree midst garden tree knowledge evil lord god took put garden eden dress lord god commanded saying tree garden thou mayest freely eat tree knowledge evil thou shalt eat thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die lord god helpmeet ground lord god formed beast field fowl air brought adam call whatsoever adam called living creature thereof
studies serve delight ornament ability chief delight privateness retiring ornament discourse ability judgment disposition business expert execute judge particulars general counsels plots marshaling affairs learned spend studies sloth ornament affectation judgment wholly rules humor scholar perfect nature perfected experience natural abilities natural plants need pruning study studies give directions large bounded experience crafty contemn studies simple admire wise teach wisdom won observation read contradict confute believe granted find talk discourse weigh consider books tasted swallowed chewed digested books read parts read curiously read wholly diligence attention books read deputy extracts important arguments meaner sort books distilled books common distilled waters flashy things reading maketh full conference ready writing exact write need memory confer need present wit read need cunning doth
john milton born brought london son scrivener notary dabbled real estate st paul school milton applied energentically studies mastered greek latin hebrew number modern european languages going christ college cambridge received course milton shaped unrelated events puritan learnings decided career anglican church milton blind forty decided stay cambridge study divinity milton spent private study father country house horton buckinghamshire reading omnivorously varied languages mastered milton written masques number poems latin english published lycidas pastoral elegy included volume poems honoring edward king cambridge classmate milton drowned shipwreck irish sea early milton began tour europe lasted returned england earlier originally intended troubled political situation setting residence london busied writing tutoring nephews later added boys boarding milton seriously considering epic poem intended write trying suitable subject milton married mary powell royalist family
common ignorant stupid reflections wicked thoughtless led fright extremes folly ran witches sorts fed fears alarmed awake purpose delude pick pockets mad running quacks practising woman medicines remedies storing multitudes pills potions preservatives called spent money poisoned fear poison infection prepared bodies plague preserving hand incredible scarce imagined posts houses corners streets plastered doctors bills papers ignorant fellows quacking tampering physic inviting remedies generally set flourishes infallible preventive pills plague failing preservatives infection sovereign cordials corruption air exact regulations conduct body case infection pills incomparable drink plague found universal remedy plague true plague water royal antidote kinds infection number reckon fill book set observed funerals toll bell mourn weep wear black coffins died fury infection appeared increased short shut houses
romantic age england part movement affected countries western europe forms romanticism varied instances embracing contradictory values difficult speak movement tended align humanitarian spirit democratic revolutionaries romantics democrats democrats revolutionaries safest thing say romanticism represented attempt rediscover mystery wonder attempt ordinary reality deeper obvious elusive levels individual human existence emergence spread romantic spirit england gradually apparent aspects fashions manners morals simplicity naturalness artificiality excess characterized spirit lifestyle literature emergence romantic spirit evident writers choice subject matter romantic poets nature principal source inspiration spiritual truth enlightenment nature according samuel taylor coleridge frost midnight seen embodying eternal language god teaches molds human spirit poets romantic age focused ordinary person common order affirm worth dignity human beings repudiate evils class system artificially designated select important wealth position bishop thomas percy published reliques ancient english poetry collection ballads dating late medieval times page authors including thomas gray translations celtic scandinavian legends
mary shelley destined greatness mother mary wollstonecraft liberal thinker radical feminist wrote vindication rights woman father william godwin author political justice contributed political radicalization young writers era including wordsworth coleridge shelley mary eloped age sixteen later married today known mainly frankenstein caused sensation published continues assert lasting hold imagination mary shelley born august ten days later mother died leaving mary half sister care bereaved impractical william godwin father quickly remarried door neighbor mrs mary jane clairmont widow children mary shelley disliked stepmother intensely idolized father mother knew death blamed mary shelley began writing small child age boast heard coleridge recite rime ancient mariner hearing thomas de relate theories occult starting stayed family scotland coming home occasionally visits visit met poet percy shelley serve disciple william godwin met end july eloped europe leaving wife harriet children marriage legalized later harriet suicide age twenty mary shelley widow lost children faced hard struggle support remaining child
england modern industrial empire large urban manufacturing centers highly disciplined force advanced machine methods produced goods rail steamship consumers protected en route largest navy british financial power administrative leadership dominated island nation colonial territories countries english found positions authority influence places distant china borneo morocco argentina england commercial success position leadership unaccompanied problems persistent visible problems remained condition english working class poet gerard manley hopkins wrote dreadful thing greatest part rich nation live hard dignity knowledge comforts delight hopes midst plenty plenty industrial laborers worked week dressed poorly lived substandard housing education fewer church disillusioned organized religion middle class intellectuals convinced radical solutions remedy problems important writers william morris george bernard shaw comitted socialism efforts effect radical change hampered part steadily improving economic conditions period thanks falling prices real wages rose forty percent government making efforts moderate change series voting reforms opened franchise virtually adult male effectively creating popular democracy england education act established free schools age twelve
number celebrated writers beginning century lived unusual romantic lives conrad exotic surprising born jozef teodor konrad korzeniowski father mother aristocrats polish nation ruled russia father idealistic patriot writer conrad police jailed father subversive political activities exiled family bleak town northern russia ural mountains harsh climate permanently damaged parents weakened health family moved milder climate town miles kiev joseph learned read french polish ugly governess finally permitted return home family suffered irremediable harm conrad mother died father died later conrad uncle took responsibility melancholy intelligent eleven boy reading cervantes dickens romantic adventure novels gave desire escape sea uncle unsuccessfully tried disuade finally gave conrad seventeen joined french merchant marine marseilles feeling dream served apprentice steward ships sailing west indes coast south america accompanying fellow sailor conrad smuggled guns guerrilla bands spain reckless adolescence reached climax conrad lost francs gambling tried commit suicide uncle arrived paid debts conrad entered stable young manhood joining british merchant navy june
difficult wallace give full sense garden air exhilarated gave sense lightness happening sight color clean perfect subtly luminous instant coming exquisitely glad rare moments young joyful glad beautiful wallace mused telling doubtful inflection pauses incredible things panthers yes spotted panthers afraid wide path marble edged flower borders side huge velvety beasts playing ball looked curious rubbed soft round ear gently small hand held purred tell enchanted garden size stretched wide believe hills heaven knows west kensington suddenly coming home moment door swung forgot road fallen chestnut leaves cabs tradesmen carts forgot sort gravitational pull discipline obedience home forgot hesitations fear forgot discretion forgot intimate realities
war peaceful period window attic faced southeast mother curtained small effect woke light responsibilities previous melted feeling sun ready illumine rejoice simple clear full possibilities put feet clothes called mrs left mrs invented dramatic situations discussed problems mrs demonstrative control mrs left contented nodding agreement discussed mother santa claus give fellow christmas steps brighten home matter baby instance mother agree house terrace baby mother couldn afford till father war cost seventeen showed simple geneys road baby knew couldn afford seventeen cheap baby mother wanted felt exclusive geneys baby fine settled plans put chair attic window lifted frame high stick head window overlooked front gardens terrace looked deep valley tall red brick houses terraced opposite hillside shadow side valley lit strange shadows unfamiliar rigid painted
mortimer distinguished careers lawyer writer child gifted affluent parents educated harrow oxford mortimer thirteen father successful lawyer totally blind father determined continue legal practice mortimer read aloud legal briefs literature initiation dual careers late mortimer began practice law novels began charade rumming park answer yes mid began write act plays radio success play dock caused abandon writing plays dock won award radio drama later adapted television movies mortimer full length play wrong side park stars comfort mortimer lawyer regarded britain foremost legal spokesman civil rights free speech queen counsel title lawyers major court cases late careers memorably combined creation horace rumpole fictional barrister lawyer pleads cases english court barrister works solicitor handles legal research rumpole modeled mortimer father endearing eccentric taste wine poetry pleading rumpole appeared collections short stories television miniseries
twentieth century english language continued grow change oxford english dictionary published ten volumes page swelled twelve volumes supplement word head forty meanings word green fifty words continued added language wars provided terms zeppelin boat blitzkrieg jeep concentration camp bomb sciences neurosis antibiotic radio television transistor arts montage surrealism absurdist language continued change words took meanings scan meant study care means glance hastily sophistication term condemnation signifies approval words frowned polite society acceptable act courage plucky considered vulgar victorian drawing rooms word gutsy branded speaker social outcast widespread manipulative language propagandists advertisers disturbed known analyst corruption english politicians salesmen recent past george orwell pages essays politics english language protested bad language habits corrupt thinking modern writing worst consist picking words sake meaning inventing images order meaning clearer consists gumming strips words set order making results presentable sheer humbug orwell nineteen depicts slave society ruled perpetuating elite
natural hoped early spring winter deep earth unwilling hurried spring sneak bit breathe cold retreat gnawed snow dwindling rain sun cold wind slept roamed nights repairing damage finally icicles fell melted earth smoke left breath frozen mississippi moved land stricken poverty newspaper magazine read showed photographs queued breadlines employment halls seeking food poverty attacked family caught hunger learned frightening summer walk slower give freely energy easier moon shone stars twinkled warm evenings love close hand july brought evenings quarrel sally happened minor thing months hours worried worked composition spoke feelings song called love wrote upright piano sister inherited house started writing songs worked late nights weekends music thing hopeful peculiar experience kindled love casamala decided composer kansas hot hunting june bugs cornfield heard murmuring cornstalks
earliest times common beauty treatments women color hair gold dust countries powders starch white yellow red widely greece women dyed hair fashionably blue ancient rome lead comb dipped vinegar deposit lead salts hair gradually darken century italy women tried achieve blond hair bleach saffron orange yellow color cooking dried flowers dye onion skins elizabethan england hair dusted powder flour colors iris violet white centuries natural ingredients coloring powders ground minerals vegetable dyes herbs berries roots earliest dyes known henna reddish brown dye leaves thorny shrub asia africa wide today late discovered hydrogen peroxide color hair turning strawlike yellow dyed color number sophisticated dyes created nature chemical laboratories took researchers learn ways chemicals react combination wrong combinations produced severe effects allergic skin rashes loss hair strange colors bright green budd catches murderer
kinds diversity background interest sayre randolph alpine club named leader expedition known explorer lecturer middle fifties longer equal grueling physical demands high climbing served planner organizer enterprise wittner seattle lawyer recently series difficult ascents coast range british columbia johns alaskan fantastically strong able sourdough ranger forest service accompanied famous alaskan expeditions schlapp practicing physician milwaukee bixler government meteorologist talent photography assistant professor geology eastern university finally preeminently osborn nace say preeminently party month believe realized key venture knowledge expressed words conviction eventually stand hitherto unconquered summit utterly dissimilar osborn twenty college compact buoyant mass energy high spirits wholly unaffected physical mental hazards mountaineering virtue spectacular ascents alps rockies won reputation skilled audacious younger american climbers
trouble living wrong side didn feel real american instance president united states didn want president wanted writer law saying person born united states president wouldn american actually american minute especially school hours british school morning sang god save king course british children loved singing gracious king ian forbes stuck chest sang saving king sang gina boss italian vera sebastian russian dressed russian girls ago revolution family run killed wasn vera sebastian asked mother write excuse wouldn sing wouldn rome romans meant don trouble sing sang fingers crossed felt traitor thought mother father truly rome wouldn romans try romans trying teach chinese americans mother gave classes american manners quit singing mouth locked tight king england teacher miss williams didn notice
mama planned cry tears suddenly wiped hand didn want older sister crying ruri mother gently face filled kind sadness seen looked empty room clothes mama told hang closet junk piled dresser rag doll bear part left room left rest house rugs furniture pictures drapes drawn closets cupboards empty house gift box nice thing inside lot nothingness leave home moving nicer house town april united states japan war japanese person west coast evacuated government concentration camp mama sister keiko home berkeley eventually california doorbell rang ran answer sister thought maybe miracle messenger government standing tall proper buttoned uniform tell terrible mistake wouldn leave maybe messenger telegram papa interned prisoner war camp montana worked japanese business firm
earliest forms poetry sung recited aloud today effectiveness poetry realized performance unusual effective stage productions based poetry character archy created don marquis wrote poems takes talent seen cockroach special friend alley cat named mehitabel considered lady musical comedy called shinbone alley archy mehitabel brought singing dancing bugs cats alley dwellers knows originally published collection writings york city students ranging age eighteen poetry prose young wrote important families friends growing city stage version speeches songs set rock music performed young professional experience won award broadway musical young authors saw show backstage meet performers comment recent poetry stage cats characters odd assortment cats odder names rum tum tugger grizabella poems originally written eliot england influential poets letters entertain godchildren published collection entitled possum book practical cats eliot poems set music opened england success later america eliot winner nobel prize literature winner death tony award excellence theater book musical
imagine morning late november coming winter morning twenty ago consider kitchen spreading house country town black stove main feature big round table fireplace rocking chairs front today fireplace commenced seasonal roar woman shorn white hair standing kitchen window wearing tennis shoes shapeless gray sweater summery calico dress small sprightly bantam hen due youthful illness shoulders pitifully hunched face remarkable unlike lincoln craggy tinted sun wind delicate finely boned eyes sherry colored timid exclaims breath smoking windowpane fruitcake weather person speaking sixty cousins distant lived remember inhabit house relatives power frequently cry aware friend calls buddy memory boy friend buddy died child child knew bed says turning window purposeful excitement eyes courthouse bell sounded cold clear birds singing warmer country yes buddy stop stuffing biscuit fetch buggy
mother trustworthy matters concerned care grandma trustworthy meant exactly borrowed scissors returned case mother wail ineffectually borrow scissors return father utter idle threats grandma threatened raised voice simply commanded respect obedience complete expectation obeyed gave silly orders grandma grandma says grandma wants simply knew tone voice grandmother grew town winchester adams county ohio grandfathers founded children reached adulthood grandmother began school teaching young unusual girl teach school grandfather teacher home civil war married grandmother college graduated gave graduation address morning grandfather gave afternoon introduced husband mrs mead spoke morning grandfather school superintendent died father days later principal took place grandmother took principal place taught high school small children live parents married small children interested notes took schools obserevd visit philadelphia parents marriage
wealthy person eighteenth century england journey kind extremely dangerous venture streets roads london infested highwaymen footpads highwaymen horses rufflers today call muggers highway robbery daily occurrence outlaws grew bold according source posted notices doors rich warning ventured town carry ten gold coins watch risk penalty death golden age crime prime minister prince wales lord mayor london expensive encounters robbers queen anne narrowly missed ambush coach delayed waiting band highwaymen attacked coach mistake later monarch george ii fortunate walking kensington gardens confronted lone highwayman forced give money watch buckles shoes organized police forces unheard principal means fighting crime offer large rewards capture criminals unfortunate side effect system extraordinary double career jonathan wild hand wild master criminal plotting thefts receiving stolen goods hand wild successful thief taker additional profit returning stolen goods owners fee thief objected wild leadership quickly betrayed authorities wild pocketed reward highwaymen dealt wild eventually finished career end rope betrayed turn
dr strauss dr nemur say dont matter inkblots maybe miss kinnian gave tests spelling reading miss kinnian told bestist pupil adult nite school tryed hardist reely wantid lern adult nite school charlie find asked pepul sumbody told shud lern read spell want told becaus wantid smart dumb hard smart probly tempirery yes miss kinnian told don care herts later crazy tests today nice lady gave told asked spellit rite progris riport thematic apperception test don frist words test means pass bad marks test lookd easy becaus coud picturs dint want tell picturs mixd storys pepul picturs told tell storys pepul met shud lies tell lies becaus caut told test raw getting personality laffed hard thing inkblots fotos sore put picturs don care sily gess faled test
series feathery clouds moves formation sky heavy downpour rainbow appears horizon lightning flashes tree person destroyed seasons change regularly ending cycle night follows tide high hours low today phenomena explain science ancient peoples saw wondered wonder led composition myths stories offer explanations marvels nature involve gods goddesses explanations civilization greece established myths thousands older detailed sky earth sea underworld gods responsibilities clearly defined myths passed word mouth person person region region carried professional storytellers passage storytellers retold myths details blurred conflict versions basic story addition myths sophisticated storytellers included elements symbolism philosophy myth tells zeus ruled gods developed dreadful headache give relief god split open head sprang athene adult fully clad armor marvel laugh athene greek goddess wisdom wisdom source mind ruler gods surprise greek myths show gods comic irreverent unfavorable light ancient greeks saw gods complete beings possessing bad traits limit myths traits
astonishment perseus small embroidered wallet hung neck hitherto bigger purse grew large medusa head quick thought snatched snakes writhing thrust task calm voice fly gorgons utmost vengeance medusa death flight monsters awoke yells screeches hurtled upward air brandishing brass talons gnashing horrible tusks flapping huge wings wildly golden feathers shaken floated shore snakes hundred fold hiss medusa snakes answered magic wallet perseus wore helmet invisibility gorgons knew direction follow fail winged slippers soaring upward perpendicular mile height screams abominable creatures sounded faintly beneath straight course island seriphus order carry medusa head king polydectes perseus straight palace immediately ushered presence king polydectes means rejoiced felt evil mind gorgons torn poor young pieces eaten seeing safely returned put face matter performed promise inquired brought head medusa snaky locks
perfect picnic morning bright clear scattered clouds white fluffy variety kids find pictures roses bloom birds sang window wrong perfect childlike innocence thought suggestion going happen spoil narrator perfect point definite idea wrong author reader clues suggestions events happen later technique called foreshadowing paragraph happen mar perfect don humorous incident cow eating picnic lunch tragic event drowning automobile accident foreshadowing obvious frequently future events merely hinted dialogue description attitudes reactions characters excerpt main character david copperfield recounts event childhood mother young attractive women widowed shortly david born peggotty trusted devoted servant copperfield family read notice clues foreshadow future events peggotty sitting night parlor fire reading peggotty crocodiles remember cloudy impression sort vegetable tired reading dead sleepy leave high treat sit mother home spending evening neighbor died post course bed
material story cornered scream deals conflict details pattern events climax conclusion important elements plot night happened hurried hospital parking lot unlocked car door started car waved workers honked security guard drove half block freeway entrance late hour meant light traffic driver relieved negotiated entrance ramp settled driving easily dim dashboard light saw gas gauge indicating empty remembered annoyance stop gas working late shift hospital ideal situation meant money allowed attend graduate classes days drove found gripping steering wheel conscious effort relax think pleasant thoughts night drive home relived safety lectures nurses sure ward knows times leave grounds groups avoid isolated places hospital cornered scream deliberately relaxed grip wheel took deep breath funny thought didn uptight usual tired looked forward soak tub magazine lain unread days gas gauge caught attention home left tank fill class morning
children fun bad guys guys actors actresses part jobs telling jokes hear kangaroo zoo keeper daily conversation chance play writing personality convincingly involves identifying character speech deliver kangaroo zoo keeper replied involves making effort put character place think character think react character react speak character speak put place easier understand person thinks reacts situations predict person react situation holds true fictional characters real spend thinking character background age sex education part country raised list things consider character motivation makes character inside desire succeed impress wish revenge forbidden leave ordered job cases character feel obeying orders add list descriptions motivations
slid hand beneath hurt thing pulled gently clump hazel brush turned face face enlargement top flower top stalk body wasn stalk fringe enlargement wiggled worms mose turned ran stuck squatted staring face fringe worms cold stomach doubled stiff fright fright worse keening thing coming worms mose stubborn stubborn run runty farm stubborn insensitiive lot ways insensitive course thing pain finally able pick hold arms didn weigh half grown shoat figured woods path heading home smell scared warm cold thing quieter keening sure times thing snuggling scared hungry baby snuggle grown person comes picks
hurried home run dark leafless trees walk fast uphill run hill ground freezing hurry run reached ridge led cow pasture ran ridge wind dried sweat face ran pasture house threw books chipyard ran barn spread fodder ground cattle didn change clean school clothes clothes ran barn saw pa spreading fodder ground cattle job ran fence says leave pa late says pa turned looked eyes danced fire th help gentleman boy th family send high school onery fer th buzzards smell didn want tell late school pa stopped scattering bundles fodder looked says getting night tell hickory withe th spot says stay school couldn lie pa school find stay lied bad
house house narrow dirt road deep country heard sound horse buggy wagon coming didn happen peculiar hours ate hungry mirror dressing table shocked appearance looked aware wisps hair needed pinning eyes clouded absent mindedness sweater button missing worn dress belonged rag bag blind put cottage thought living talked deal birds numbers nested holes apple trees ivy covered stone chimney cheeping chirping sounds background mind caught sight disappearing sure seen bird seen flight thoughts escaped reached ground covered snow birds closed house feeding stations big birds lovely gentle mourning doves pheasants woods partridge quail bitter weather wind iron put pans warm water corner sheltered wind patch ground swept bare wouldn feeders times occupied told bringing large family children sister
skills understanding prose apply understanding poetry difference forms poetry intended ear eye able read poetry aloud enjoy hearing read aloud appreciate poetry offer characteristics poetry figures speech sensory imagery rhythm rhyme forceful heard poetry read aloud read poetry read aloud brings meaning feeling intended poet look poems grouping appearance length lines varies themes rhythms effectively read poems aloud mood poet intended lines mean words knowledge poet saying voice reflect meaning words meaning line completed line pause end line say going pause downtown reading miss rosie read surrounded smell pause potato peels simply end line look courage mother stanzas note formal punctuation colons semicolons fact stanza single sentence read stanzas aloud noting punctuation contributes seriousness formality tone
modern standards stage sixteenth century primitive properties props furniture small articles swords nonexistent important remember audience viewing plays unlike contemporaries experienced electric lighting elaborate staging movies television seeing latest stagecraft theaters shakespeare dismantled destroyed fire drawings descriptions period allow imagine looked illustration globe playhouse closely shakespeare plays performed study illustration note platform called cockpit center jutted area front ground area paved bricks platform feet high roof canopy supported columns canopy extended cover half cockpit rooms top floors curtained depending requirements play middle room top floor musicians gallery rooms called huts turret flag flown performance ordinary doors trap doors allowed characters enter exit parts stage surrounding entire stage hollow sided structure stories high shown illustration building formed circle wooden shakespeare calls structure roof area enclosed
chig knew wrong instant father kissed known father warmest kind ventured timidly office took words relax laugh doctor charles dunford cared bent kiss lady black face ugly eyes fear uncertainty sadness hatred ten days york chig father decided suddenly wanted nashville attend college class reunion twenty chig brother sister peter connie packing camp young affair chig seventeen summer father asked father additional reasons running buddies diplomas snapped crafty young gals kids kids gals age reunion lasted week packed home father offhand suggested visit chig grandmother re close drop brothers going north farther south entered house chig suspicion reunion excuse drive south father heading house father talked family exception brother gl part con part practical joker part don juan spoken gl kind indulgence shown cute ill behaved potentially dangerous
rosalia shouted joao de oliveira wife upstairs told guy nerve laughed wasn worth hundred cruzeiros trick replied wants sell fellows rich rosalia sara looked alarmed downstairs family approached piano respectfully console insult price asserted oliveira gazing piano mixture affection apprehension don anymore put ad paper rosalia flocking house joined tips fingers hand customary token immense crowd pity give ah love piano joao looking think hear music caressed oaken case joao let put ad sold parlor bedroom sara intended lieutenant artillery price pay trousseau mornings later piano adorned flowers sacrifice house ready receive prospective buyers arrive lady daughter girl opened piano played chords mama lady stood looked noticed ivory missing keys took daughter hand walked muttering think coming distance look piece junk
jerry exercised lungs depended nose bled night mother insisted coming torment waste careful training stayed beach place small children place mother lie safe sun beach ask permission beach mother consider complicated rights wrongs matter rest discovered improved count ten big boys passage counted hundred sixty counting fast fright tried tunnel going try curious unchildlike persistence controlled impatience wait meantime lay underwater white sand littered stones brought upper air studied entrance tunnel knew jut corner felt sharpness shoulders sat clock villa mother checked incredulous proud find hold breath strain minutes words minutes authorized clock brought close adventure
poems portray speaking person readers wonder poet speaking answer complicated evident julia de burgos close reading poem reveals julia de burgos thinking double speaker poem separated living julia de burgos deepest chasm possessed social husband demands everyday belongs free deal truth bare heart poem demonstrates truth poetry speaker poem mentioned person writer living author subtle ways absolute identification necessarily poems course reason confuse speaker writer wilfrid wilson gibson stone speaker stonecutter clearly created writer dramatic role poem poems naomi father figtree author speaking voice presenting aspect role relation father doubt shaping sense inventing aspect going collections poems poet later unit reader detect voice runs poems giving poet personal stamp characteristic patterns speech thought style help reader identify writer line provided
born lithuania milosz leaders poetry movement poland fought resistance nazis war ii serving diplomatic service poland post war united states teach university california berkeley continued write careers critic milosz poetry offering sober version stoicism ignore reality absurd horrendous awarded nobel prize literature known writer called poetess chu shu chen fairly lived sung dynasty period noted achievements literature arts born hamburg germany mueller fled country family settled indiana graduating college married raised family writing poetry later grew major interest book private won lamont poetry prize nikki giovanni graduated fisk university immediately began poetic career publication black feeling black talk early won ford foundation grant enabled devote writing published books including women ride night winds record truth reading poems gospel music parker delighted reading public witty cynical verse early career critic york friendly humorist robert benchley playwright robert sherwood formed nucleus witty influential group writers critics known algonquin round table
sixteenth century golden age explorer earliest penetrations north american wilderness journey cabeza de recorded accomplished intrepid french spanish solders catholic missionaries wilderness trails st lawrence river mouth mississippi florida california cabeza de ordeal greatest adventures american exploration record despite perils hardships lured coronado seek vain fabled golden cities cibola actually cliff towns pueblo farmers robert de la french explorer traveled lakes mouth mississippi claiming france mississippi rivers entered land watered rivers entire area called louisiana honor king louis xiv france account appears unit based reports acknowledges indebtedness indians lived travel route earliest display american diversity appears distinct cultures native americans farming pueblo communities southwest cherished stability communal solidarity evidenced anonymous collective authorship poems song addressed chief song concern welfare group mounted buffalo hunters plains hand displayed individualistic tendencies coups lone warrior hunter private medicine dream signaled youth entrance adulthood diverse cultures shared fundamental sense divine order regulates universe iroquois constitution united states looks stable political order emphasizes duties privileges leadership
saturday mount holly miles place burlington hundred gathered experiment tried persons accused witchcraft accused charged making neighbors sheep dance uncommon manner causing hogs speak sing psalms terror amazement king peaceable subjects province accusers positive accused weighed scales bible bible prove heavy bound put river swim accused desirous innocence voluntarily offered undergo trials violent accusers tried place agreed advertised country accusers woman accused parties met grand consultation held proceeded trial agreed scales committee appointed search committee women search women thing weight pins scrutiny huge bible belonging justice place provided lane populace justice house scales fixed gallows erected purpose opposite house justice wife rest ladies trial coming mob manner large ring house grave tall carrying holy writ supposed wizard solemnly sword bearer london lord mayor wizard put scale read chapter books moses bible put scale immediately let surprise spectators flesh bones plump outweighed book abundance
james fenimore cooper family moved birthplace burlington jersey enormous estate cooperstown upstate york boy lived fine manor house thousand acre tract home surrounded wilderness ways frontier boy learned bow arrow ride horseback fish shoot youth heard native americans lived forests encountered members oneida tribe camped woods boyhood experiences formed background novels stay yale reportedly expelled tied donkey tutor chair navy cooper married settled gentleman farmer york evening flung dull english claiming wife write book began career novelist effort dull book genteel english characters english settings cooper knew fortunately chose familiar subjects novels revolutionary war spy york frontier leatherstocking tales sea pilot despite romantic excesses melodrama stilted dialogue occasional indifference craft detail vitality energy narratives magnificent storyteller famous europe end career completed thirty novels volumes social comment naval history travel description
heartily accept motto government governs acted rapidly systematically carried finally amounts believe government governs prepared kind government government expedient governments governments inexpedient objections brought standing army weighty deserve prevail brought standing government standing army arm standing government government mode chosen execute equally liable abused perverted act witness present mexican war comparatively individuals standing government tool outset consented measure american government tradition recent endeavoring transmit unimpaired posterity instant losing integrity vitality force single living single bend sort wooden gun complicated machinery hear din satisfy idea government governments show successfully imposed impose advantage excellent allow
sunrise wednesday morning wagons packed started road father mother smaller children rode hemphill towheaded delegate settlement specimen fellows deliver sweet fate deliver girls rode henry brown neb city gent nice traveling companion cool cloudy prairies soft green velvet carpets atmosphere laden perfume thousand flowers traveled miles stopping road level floor gullies ruts tangled grass muddy sloughs reached cabin mcwilliams seen trip small claim shanties land tree shrub sight reached branch nemaha borrowed table dinners bachelors hall hours nooning rambled woods refreshing patches timber traveling hours treeless plain leaving nemaha prairie traveled road apparently object view planned trip home line timber visible twilight miles horses gave lost track grass father lost bearings compelled stop night slough brackish water warm muddy dry weeds fuel boil kettle tea
dickinson concept poetry read book makes body cold fire warm poetry feel physically top head poetry published handful poems wrote complete poetic works published poetry fully belonged conformed popular expectations unique dickinson lived amherst massachusetts youth vivacious fun loving society grew strict precise specifications proper manners beliefs young women fun officially frowned intellectual curiosity agility deemed unladylike religious dickinson accept calvinist views england church attendance mount holyoke female seminary excitedly anticipated marred daily sessions school headmistress worked tirelessly conversion apparently shy dickinson unrelenting firmness struggle removed school midtwenties dickinson gradually withdrew public lived total seclusion members family poetry writing began earnest late fall direct influence style emerson poetry dickinson took heart emerson admonition reliance prerequisite unconventioanl poetry times wished critical appraisal reading article advice beginning writers thomas wentworth higginson dickinson mailed poems abolitionist editor asked deeply occupied say verse alive
sherwood anderson grew clyde ohio working odd jobs ranging errand boy stable groom father wandering house painter harness maker money entertaining storyteller amateur actor literary idol mark twain young anderson learned rhythms oral story ability later enabled achieve writings deceptively unstudied air reminiscence age fourteen anderson quit school twenty worked jobs clyde chicago served spanish american war returned school writer advertising copy finally established manufacturing company specializing roof paint thirty married father children suddenly left factory departed chicago determined devote writing wrote advertising copy support published volume short stories winesburg ohio book marked radical change content form american short story anderson felt true history history moments charted plan events stories arranged defined completed patterns recording events frustrated lives undistinguished small town america additional publication collections short narratives triumph egg horses anderson important innovators american literature beginning anderson spent restless part searching atmosphere conducive writing
scared sam help don afraid woods going hurt corner smells afraid bear deer scared coward brave gun boy thought choose sam left camp daylight uncle ash wake quilts kitchen floor start fire breakfast compass stick snakes mile begin need compass sat log invisible compass invisible hand secret night sounds fallen movements scurried ceased owls ceased gave waking birds compass fast quietly woodsman realized jumped doe fawn sunrise walked bed close crash undergrowth white scut fawn scudding faster believed run hunting upwind sam taught mattered left gun relinquishment accepted gambit choice condition bear heretofore inviolable anonymity rules balances hunter hunted abrogated afraid moment fear completely blood skin bowels bones memory memory save thin clear immortal differed bear bear deer kill humility pride skill endurance sam spoken leaned twilight lot fence yesterday
woods deep sun pine needles bright look wind rocked cones dropped light feathers hollow mourning dove late path ran hill chains feet voice argument hold hill pleads stay top turned gave full severe look pines length oaks eyes opened widest started gently bottom hill bush caught dress fingers busy intent skirts full pull free place caught allow dress tear thorny bush thorns appointed want let folks pass sir eyes thought pretty green bush finally trembling stood free moment dared stoop cane sun high cried leaning looking thick tears eyes getting foot hill place log laid creek comes trial phoenix putting foot mounted log shut eyes lifting skirt leveling cane fiercely festival figure parade began march
war ii climaxed dropping atomic bombs hiroshima nagasaki brought social cultural literary america war ended depression postwar boom gave birth affluent society millions americans found middle class children grew taking propserity granted economic euphoria ran anxieties created cold war united states soviet union intellectuals preoccupied grimness recent past possibility nuclear war soon challenge intellectual freedom posed senator joseph mccarthy claims communist influence american government education arts social climate writers took tone despair cynicism william faulkner eloquent nobel prize address warned easy escape challenges confronting human spirit late writers understandably preoccupied war succession war novels irwin shaw young lions norman mailer naked dead james jones eternity karl shapiro won pulitzer prize letter poems randall jarrell won acclaim poetry focused feelings young soldiers combat prewar literary trends resurfaced gwendolyn brooks poems street bronzeville called attention joys sorrows pride vitality urban black ralph ellison won national book award invisible subtle technically brilliant focusing problem identity american blacks william faulkner katherine anne porter eudora welty host talented newcomers reinvigorated southern renaissance creative explosion southern writers started
william trogdon columbia missouri tells story pen early pages blue highways father calls heat moon elder brother heat moon coming lesson learn siouan peoples moon heat seventh month known blood moon think dusky midsummer color william trogdon legacy white ancestor killed tories american revolution providing food rebel patriots volume makers america tribal christian book heat moon explains father told trogdon anglo things engaging business paying taxes heat moon things akin spiritual sense precisely blue highways record spiritual experience heat moon laid job english teacher stephens college missouri ten marriage coming end filled sense emptiness desire renewal decided embark mile odyssey log travels rewrites selling book full vivid descriptions realistic dialogues important experience helped heat moon overcome misery regain sense worth accept indian white parts
house school begin mother careful instruction don write books sell end remark echoed public teachers part boys girls don write books learn treat care respect open doors mind books read red white poster nun desk early september soon apparent reading classroom central activity course book information gathered book unquestioned read learn sign wall advised december privately wondered connection reading learning learn reading idea idea written june consider books friends friends reading chore needed look paragraphs words dictionary lines type dizzying eye move slowly page sentences books read coolly impersonal toned hard bothered isolation reading required console loneliness feel read tried reading soft voice talking neighbor shortly remedial reading classes arranged nun end school nearly months meet tiny room served school library actually storeroom textbooks vast collection national geographics
aware furnace roar battle growing louder brown clouds floated heights air noise approaching woods filtered fields dotted rounded hillock perceived roadway crying mass wagons teams heaving tangle issued exhortations commands imprecations fear sweeping cracking whip bit horses plunged tugged white topped wagons strained stumbled exertions fat sheep youth felt comforted measure sight retreating bad seated watched terror stricken wagons fled soft ungainly animals roarers lashers served help magnify dangers horrors engagement try prove thing charge truth symmetrical act amount pleasure watching wild march vindication presently calm head forward going column infantry appeared road swiftly avoiding obstructions gave sinuous movement serpent head butted mules musket stocks prodded teamsters indifferent howls forced parts dense mass strength blunt head column pushed raving teamsters swore strange oaths commands ring importance going forward heart din confront eager rush enemy felt pride onward movement remainder army trying dribble road
sputtering musketry heard later cannon entered dispute fog filled air voices thudding sound reverberations continued part led strange battleful existence youth regiment marched relieve command lain damp trenches took positions curving line rifle pits turned large furrow line woods level stretch peopled short deformed stumps woods dull popping skirmishers pickets firing fog noise terrific fracas cuddled small embankment sat easy attitudes awaiting turn backs firing youth friend lay buried face arms instantly deep sleep youth leaned breast brown dirt peered woods line curtains trees interfered ways vision low line trenches short distance idle flags perched dirt hills rows dark bodies heads sticking curiously top noise skirmishers woods front left din grown frightful proportions guns roaring instant pause breath cannon parts engaged stupendous wrangle impossible sentence heard youth wished launch joke quotation newspapers
face flamed rage begot whisky eyes rolling keen ambush hunted doorways windows walked creeping movement midnight cat occurred roared menacing information revolvers hands easy straws moved electric swiftness fingers hand played musician plain low collar shirt cords neck straightened sank straightened sank passion moved sounds terrible invitations calm adobes preserved demeanor passing small thing middle street offer fight offer fight called sky attractions bellowed fumed swayed revolvers dog barkeeper weary gentleman saloon appreciated advance events lay dozing front master door sight dog paused raised revolver humorously sight dog sprang walked diagonally sullen head growling yelled dog broke gallop enter alley loud noise whistling spat ground directly dog screamed wheeling terror galloped headlong direction noise whistling sand kicked viciously fear stricken dog turned flurried animal pen stood laughing weapons hips ultimately attracted closed door weary gentleman saloon
kate walked hall building opened door rest building opened door floor empty room phone hmm mom dad didn phone working building kate apartment began unpacking boxes kitchen climbed putting things hot tired fresh air kate sat front steps watched cars going highway suddenly attention caught line trucks headed city trucks bright red white blue circus trucks kate cried kate stared trucks moved knew truck carried cages circus animals stared hard passed able animals inside cages suddenly kate stared truck door cage sliding open shut door stayed wide open large animal poked head door kate saw yellow black stripes tiger whispered softly big animal looked jumped truck headed tall grass highway circus trucks moving slowly saw happened cried kate tiger crept tall grass headed apartment buildings crept large clump bushes apartments
took lamp shelf eddie saw wheels asked coffee grinder answered swell wheels eddie price guess quarters replied eddie blew dust carriage lamp put box coffee grinder end lamp wouldn covered box lid tied piece string guess thank eddie gave seventy cents eddie decided slip door bundle car quickly opened trunk set box inside eddie returned front steps father mother looking rusty lock hey look swell lock called eddie happened piece junk wilson put son car drove eddie sat front seat father mother eddie suddenly enjoyable today wilson stopped car loud screech slowly turned looked seat say eddie asked started car enjoyable today eddie replied wilson stopped car screech opened trunk
gus caught dan helped father load truck ready fair fair jenkin helped dan carry gus cage poultry house dan put feed water cage walked rows cages look geese dan swallowed hard gus win prize give prize meanest re sure win important cindy dan judges gave ribbons jenkin family planned meet front poultry house judges jenkin cows won blue ribbons mrs jenkin pickles tied place judge gave aunt hattie quilt prize family maybe cindy lamb dan goose won ribbons mother family found cindy lamb brushing soft wool fingers sure white ribbon place tied neck jenkins gus ribbon red ribbon place white ribbon hope dan won sad mother cages find goose blue ribbon found red ribbon place cages white ribbons place found blue ribbon dan spent money rides looked cage
jerry breath reached police station straight inside hurried sergeant murphy goat jerry tried sound rough sergeant murphy looked desk frowned goat cried claim goat broke schooner grocery street yes sir jerry answered policemen room crowded jerry sergeant jerry tried tears son sergeant murphy began wish change mind hear goat took police record began read billy goat charged breaking large windows taking private property running police mention things record sergeant murphy closed record book let finish son continued took squad cars ten policemen capture goat torn half city sure want claim yes sir jerry replied times wanted tell sergeant murphy susie wasn billy goat jerry scared talk let jail sergeant murphy find re owner goat hearing policemen closed walked jerry susie jail watched ate hay put private cell thought private suddenly small bleat corner cell hay baby goat wobbly stand
prince dog huge shaggy collie belonged jo crummel today alive lay porch making awful mistakes strange city lived farm knew rules dogs rules prince stared noisy cars trucks rushing cat suddenly darted past prince cocked ears didn learned hard lesson city animals chased farm cats geese rabbits game tag city animals prince hung head paws shut eyes mistakes shouldn bark strangers bark bring family newspaper sidewalk bring hard lesson learn newspapers belonged neighbors prince lain suddenly eyes bright heard footsteps coming inside house door banged open prince bounced feet jo eaten breakfast coming prince wagged bushy tail patted jo skirt paw jo put arms shaggy white neck hugged crying prince jo sobbed barked paper boy meant mrs saddler lady door says re barking
leo knew pony watered fed brushed grumpy brushed guess brushed leo pony re full mats burrs leo spoke kindly thin pony brushed mats burrs grumpy tried hard stand leo nibbled leo hair trying talk lorenzo seen spotted pony stand likes sick leo grinned lorenzo afternoon leo walking paper route thought bicycle needed phillips promised longer route soon bicycle leo save money maybe save buy bike end summer supper evening leo put clean shirt whistled park liked making extra money grumpy nickered saw leo coming leo stopped pat grumpy starting days grumpy sick morning wasn path ponies leo found tied tree wouldn eat bite leo thought grumpy watered fed ponies lorenzo maybe grump feel walking leo grass duck pond maybe feel eating green grass
cart rose inches sailed river inches water bob handed rope dock hoped thinking floating flying chief saw cart flew magic cried chief invented gadget seen wide chief knew kind magic bob jumped cart showed chief magic carpet show spell worked bob land sea magic carpet fly chief rescue team saw cart lift float confusion bob forgot hey bob yelled bob swung cart ground headed west wow gulped deep breath spell bring cried bob remembered fly fly put bob spell didn cart flying story television trouble squall pilot springs television brave boy carried rescue rope river boards say boards later broken washed hoped cart bob invention
juan wasn join brothers sport decided mudgett secret agent watch listen pedro carlos jiggled bounced high chairs touch ceiling chairs looked lot fun juan forgotten idea bolted door clever mudgett reason quilts walls ceiling juan questioned minute show quilts supposed replied mudgett pushed red button floor began rock tilt juan join floor jiggled juan trying reach bolted door floor tilted side boys slid wall landed floor tilted boys sliding started floor tilted tilt rocking faster boys bounced quilts tilted closer ceiling bounced finally laughing thrashing mudgett pushed black button boys plopped middle floor stopped wow fun screeched carlos yeah sure exclaimed juan want asked mudgett push green button floor turns round round boys sat held mudgett pushed button floor jiggled whirled
ago difficult inventor prove invented worked invention claim idea prove early government united states passed patent law help inventors today law inventor trying claim idea ask government give patent invention patent laws changed scientists patent office safe place ideas seventeen inventor patent let sell invention ask pay fee lets period end seventeen turns invention public invention wants receive patent united states patent discovered soap patent began files million devices patents searched files find patents things telephone television device making scrambled eggs inventor patent invention secret decide give decided secret thinks copy invention
john thompson noticed article newspaper caught attention lost uncle sam needs mail carrier newspaper article read brought pair skis america john thompson knew uncle sam needed brave carry mail mountains middle winter trip california deep snow wolf packs wild indian country john knew american snowshoes mountains mail carrier tried failed john needed pair snowshoes norway later known america skis john america norway remembered country snowshoes sawed shaped green wood pair john set cross mountains pound sack mail supplies strapped thought john try john ran real trouble large fluffy snowflakes coming half morning changed frozen pellets ice john knew blizzard began think reach carson valley wind whistled mountains bit face frozen pellets ice hit harder harder cold blast wind struggled slowly ahead pound sack mail strapped carson valley cut
smoky mountains town called thorny hollow mountains small twenty houses small stores church schoolhouse schoolhouse children thorny hollow mountain boy named johnny johnny lived hills town sun school walk mountains johnny late morning johnny town early school decided stop moment town happening auction sale auction held friday mountaineers hills thorny hollow event brought wanted trade sell baskets horses chickens sale trade friday morning johnny standing mule put sale auction stand stepped forward hollered give mule bid bid dime auction started johnny hollered bid cents thought sure bid higher mule cost lot money bid dime penny johnny mule cents stood holding mule lead rope didn thing think school
boyd led living room questioned douglas stebbins sister mary ellis nodded piano wait mary ellis sees piano doug beamed eyes bulge head thing boyd sure pay expert movers piano delivered mary ellis moment boys couldn say word figured pay thought piano delivered exactly cost asked doug trying sound cost didn worry tell exactly replied boyd ten twenty dollars pete found tongue guess delivered send tomorrow afternoon certainly boyd won maid let moving crew show piano street doug groaned known catch going ten twenty dollars move piano re pete big piano bet move bigger help maybe roy snakey help move won harm try doug roy pretty big dress dad coveralls boyd maid think looks exactly real expert moving yeah snakey dress pete eyes beamed roy snakey don re going turn expert piano movers
rafferty stood mud creatures left steaming place mud circle burned earth pictures prove seen story suddenly craziest idea scurrying house alsop yelled pay eggs sure answered let money rafferty money alsop don money ago brought eggs trade ago rafferty moaned started eggs kind eggs alsop folded arms grinned craziest things saw called star ducks eggs shaped stars set hen hatched em star points poked hen awful star duck alsop continued looks baby hippopotamus bit swallow legs star ducks lived ate thanksgiving rafferty worrying prove seen outer space alsop whispered suppose wouldn skeletons star ducks alsop looked puzzled skeletons mean bones gave bones dog ago dog dead dog bones rafferty picked hat face pale blank
small spinney larch trees woozles going round spinney round spinney pooh piglet piglet passing telling pooh grandfather trespassers remove stiffness tracking grandfather trespassers suffered later shortness breath matters interest pooh wondering grandfather grandfathers allowed home christopher robin say tracks front suddenly winnie pooh stopped pointed excitedly front look piglet jump show frightened jumped exercising sort tracks pooh animal joined pooh cried piglet think woozle pooh makes marks woozles wizzle wizzles woozle let continue follow feeling anxious case animals front hostile intent piglet wished grandfather pooh thought nice met christopher robin suddenly accidentally liked christopher robin
think piglet licked tip nose found brought comfort think remembered remembered forgot yesterday shan able tomorrow suppose afternoon pooh sort thing afternoon piglet quickly morning thing morning hours say twelve winnie pooh looking sun saying hours twelve twelve dear pooh excuse pooh looked sky heard whistle looked branches big oak tree saw friend christopher robin ah safe bye trotted home quickly glad danger christopher robin slowly tree silly bear round spinney piglet ran round going round fourth wait moment winnie pooh holding paw sat thought thoughtful think fitted paw tracks scratched nose stood
kate set large sack table mom stay dad kitchen curtain asked stay apartment mother replied kate phone mom baby kate stay started unpacking stay kate added turning dad start unpacking big help kate dad getting kitchen curtain need put phone okay dad sure replied kate started unpacking boxes put fresh meat guess stay replied mother don leave building kate mother dad car remember don leave dad drove okay kate wish mother dad wouldn treat baby re thought kate sighed softly watched car pull highway thought things moved place re going treat baby kate thought apartment sighed kate walked hall building opened door rest building opened door floor empty room phone
week eddie wilson didn bring home piece called valuable property father called junk family knew eddie brought home valuable property dinner say enjoyable today eddie father junk collecting stop week neighbors put rubbish saturday bring rubbish house tired glad brought home telephone pole eddie wilson pole junk collecting stop junk room dad eddie valuable property valuable property eddie father junk bring home junk telephone pole eddie father thing able saturday wilson took mrs wilson eddie shopping drove wilson stopped front shop door shop sign antiques eddie able read signs couldn read sign say asked antiques answered father going aunt teek eddie asked shop aunt teek laughed wilson antiques antiques things sign means shop kinds things sell mean junk asked eddie certainly wilson eddie antique things valuable sell lot money
gus goose sleek white terrible tempered chased dan jenkin proud gus dad show gus fair asked dan jenkin thought taking cows cindy lamb mother pickles aunt hattie quilt dan wanted terrible tempered goose fair sighed jenkin gus crate dan thought goose pond sure gus chase cindy dan asked cindy let gus chase gus chased yelled cindy chase goose mean mean dan attention easy gus chase pond catch crate easy let mean goose chase cindy catch crate dan knew ask cindy terrified gus dan found rusty wire crate carried gate sit fence hold crate door open string told cindy gus chase pond gate jump crate gus run inside let door slam shut tried plan gus dan pond gus hey gus called dan yelled waved attention
jerry looking susie heard loud noise police car watched screamed didn think heard police car sure hope re susie thought police car shot past jerry loud screech hurt ears screamed red lights flashing squad cars headed street jerry heard voice squad cars say calling cars robber breaking schooner grocery jerry knew schooner grocery ran robber saw schooner glass window smashed vegetables scattered sidewalk police swarming squad cars rushing store ran alley side schooner building window broke jerry saw susie stood smashed window schooner look sergeant murphy cried billy goat sure alive hardheaded billy goat nanny goat jerry thought jerry couldn tell sergeant susie stood front flashing lights grabbed head lettuce smashed window ran goat sergeant murphy cried took head lettuce police swarming susie scattered alley direction couldn jerry ran hard trying goat policemen left susie
suki saddler ann driscoll didn dogs didn dogs didn fight snap chance suki ann snapped words teeth suki sure dog fogarty bravest dog didn big shaggy dog hurry suki forever saying hurry fogarty fogarty let fogarty paid attention poked sniffing tree rock ann driscoll dog jo jo fogarty poked bounced ann ann say heel jo jo follow command command jo jo follow ann blast jo jo bark run home wait ann front porch ann walked jo jo suki house suki ann angry suki fogarty sat front porch watched ann dog walk sidewalk hey suki ann called want jo jo trick suki answered picked small ball bounced grass fogarty fogarty slowly feet took steps ball changed mind ha dog belonged trade collie jo jo ann
evening leo central pony ride times saw pony ride white pony big brown spots leo pulled grass brought pony ring spotted pony looked sad dark eyes look unhappy leo re thin pony nibbled grass leo gave nickered softly owner central pony ride leo want ride spotted asked yes leo grumpy replied won eat won leo gave twenty cents hopped grumpy pony walked slowly path place pony line leo slid gave grumpy quick pat thanks grump early morning leo park central pony ride busy filling tub water boy rode grumpy night asked leo gulped nodded started speak asked job summer leo eyes bright yes sir sure quickly paper route afternoon morning water feed ponies night added handle ponies sir dad pony called paula pulls flower cart hope fast talk laughed lorenzo
squall poured rain stopped heard television flood squall washed main bridge pilot springs couldn river rescue let bridge help bob drove cart road flying bridge policemen rescue team trying rope river bridge want rope chief help ferry rope ferry boat tow rope bob chief looking cart don try funny bob feeling extra brave took end rope whispered magic words cart rose inches sailed river inches water bob handed rope dock hoped thinking floating flying chief saw cart flew magic cried chief invented gadget seen wide chief knew kind magic bob jumped cart showed chief magic carpet show spell worked bob land sea magic carpet fly
juan carlos pedro stepped opening hedge backyard mudgett sure asked pedro yeah saw leaving car minutes ago answered juan boys walked hedge strange red thing weeks watched mudgett building whispered pedro juan maybe spaceship carlos spaceship nose cone shaped pedro juan discovered spy station porch lookout point aw build spy station front asked pedro suspect juan aw want suspect mudgett spy pedro okay don listen juan want red thing carlos cone shaped spaceship reason suspect mudgett spy let ask mudgett boys mudgett smiled question invention mine course working tell finished guess wait pedro boys returned home juan shook head brothers asked didn fall don think going tell invention
washington room city block drawings million things room united states government room united states patent office patent office home american inventions comes invention drawn explained paper drawings things flying machine silent motor loud motor mechanical device makes nails found drawings invention files patent office public visit search files eager scientists find inventions room called search room ago difficult inventor prove invented worked invention claim idea prove early government united states passed patent law help inventors today law inventor trying claim idea ask government give patent invention patent laws changed scientists patent office safe place ideas seventeen inventor patent let sell invention ask pay fee lets period
big chico creek bottom canyon pain foot barney excited truly riding flume bound chico flumeboat swung round curve thud boat jammed boards lumber racing water lifted flumeboat boards higher higher trough suddenly jam broke boat leaped flume valley forest darted halfway chico barney saw logger braced pole watching lumber logger surprised saw boat saw blood bandage barney foot shouted waved shallow currents river sailed loose boards lumber floating hour chico suddenly flew round curve ahead flume jammed mother mother barney cried brace barney mother called hit jam terrible thud lumber coming crashed boat boat break barney father built barney mother raised higher higher jammed boards re going wash edge canyon barney cried feeling dizzy sick stomach barney fainted looked canyon heartbeats echoed loudly ears iron canyon called barney mother roar river fingers gripped barney shoulder don give barney don move hang stay aboard
young women nations gather winter olympics snow ice mountain country gather games skiing skating bobsledding hockey young women game win olympic gold medal win gold medal olympics exciting honor athlete athlete getting ready event hard practice hours hoped win gold medal moment high mountains gathered flags nations wave cold air band plays lively music athletes march snow stand flag nation suddenly skier swoops nearby mountainside carrying olympic torch cheered crowd lights olympic flame stands peace nations flame lit voices sing beautiful olympic song silent snow athlete steps front crowd say olympic oath says oath athletes hundred pigeons swoop bright cold sunshine pigeons set free honor peace comes games begin athletes excited thoughts turn thing games wish crowd judges practice olympic games begin games ski jumping event speed skier trails slide raised high ground
tomorrow sister birthday douglas stebbins yes pete want birthday present mary ellis doug sighed wants piano mom sure pianos cost money aw bad pete later pete looking funnies saw article paper believe words saw give piano boyd central avenue pete tore article ran house find doug wow doug exclaimed mistake article mean won harm find pete doug raced central avenue pete close heels apartment house doug pushed button marked boyd opened door yes doug took cap boyd lives asked boyd douglas stebbins doug nodded pete herbert parnell quinn piano re giving thought mistake piano free pete mary ellis stebbins wants piano bad figured wouldn harm find boyd led living room questioned douglas stebbins sister mary ellis nodded piano wait mary ellis sees piano doug beamed eyes bulge head thing boyd
rafferty stood mud creatures left steaming place mud circle burned earth pictures prove seen story suddenly craziest idea scurrying house alsop yelled pay eggs sure answered let money rafferty money alsop don money ago brought eggs trade ago rafferty moaned started eggs kind eggs alsop folded arms grinned craziest things saw called star ducks eggs shaped stars set hen hatched em star points poked hen awful star duck alsop continued looks baby hippopotamus bit swallow legs star ducks lived ate thanksgiving rafferty worrying prove seen outer space alsop whispered suppose wouldn skeletons star ducks alsop looked puzzled skeletons mean bones gave bones dog ago dog dead dog bones rafferty picked hat face pale blank thanks alsop whisper thanks lot
fine winter piglet brushing snow front house happened look winnie pooh pooh walking round round circle thinking piglet called walking hallo piglet hunting pooh hunting tracking winnie pooh mysteriously tracking piglet coming closer ask ask think answer wait catch winnie pooh look pointed ground front tracks piglet paw marks gave squeak excitement pooh think woozle pooh tell paw marks words tracking piglet watching minute ran winnie pooh sudden stop bending tracks puzzled sort matter asked piglet funny thing bear animals joined proceeding company mind coming piglet case turn hostile animals piglet scratched ear nice sort friday delighted case woozle
tracks pooh animal joined pooh cried piglet think woozle pooh makes marks woozles wizzle wizzles woozle let continue follow feeling anxious case animals front hostile intent piglet wished grandfather pooh thought nice met christopher robin suddenly accidentally liked christopher robin sudden winnie pooh stopped licked tip nose cooling manner feeling hot anxious animals front piglet look tracks woozles wizzle woozle joined tracks crossing getting muddled plainly tracks sets paws think piglet licked tip nose found brought comfort think remembered remembered forgot yesterday shan able tomorrow suppose afternoon pooh
automobile undergone major basic body shape earlier bodies plain simple automobile built suit economic functional needs fig improved design present automobile derived continuous study vehicle functions fig safety important consideration automobile design earlier smaller number vehicles highways slower rate travel safety important consideration today automobile meet mandated safety standards rigid safety tests performed insure high degree body design safety specialists design automobiles today aware need legal implications involved safety engineering engineering design standpoint today automobile safer automobile history major design consideration appearance modern automobile proportioned pleasing lines sleek trim compared older cars designed utility beauty fig individual components blend aesthetically pleasing shape importance beauty reflected names recent automobiles mustang reflects idea graceful swift moving animal cougar maverick pinto matador valiant names automobiles seek promote image prowess coupled aesthetic beauty important consideration automobile designed economical manufacture today automobile considered necessity luxury case earlier era
roof cowl panels integrally joined continuous spot welding panels major portion sheet metal construction automobile major repair replacement roof requires deal skill repair top vehicle attempted acquired amount skill difficult types body repair numerous roof designs models automobiles common type stationary sheet metal roof discussed section fig roof panel considered outer panel reinforcements sides window openings front rear sheet metal roof panel joined reinforcing panels welding entire roof assembly joined sections body extension panels pillars cowl panels located front portion main body assembly panels smaller panels welded cowl panel acts major support front portion body cowl panel assembly consist fire wall upper cowl panel left side cowl panel dash assembly fire wall fig item partition engine passenger compartment upper cowl panel fig item section directly windshield joined roof panel pillars side windshield left side cowl panels fig items superstructure front portion body serve mounts rear portion front fender panels front door hinge pillars
hammer dolly frequently tools auto body technician tool kit distict methods hammer dolly hammer dolly hammer dolly fig step developing hammer dolly technique place dolly correctly metal strike hammer directly takes deal practice develop proper coordination striking hammer blow exact spot metal dolly actually positioned important select dolly matches contour panel repaired fig perfect match dollies smaller radii circumstances dolly larger radius panel contour flat dollies straightening curved panels principle applies hammer flat face hammer flat convex metal curved face hammer concave metal surfaces fig learning hammer dolly strike light medium blows metal hammer blows heavy dolly driven contact metal hammer blow stops heavy pounding stretching metal interference normal rebound dolly order minimize problem hold hammer lightly slacken grip tool lowered metal operation especially difficult develop habit grasping underside hammer handle fourth fingers
electric arc welding method fusing metal panels flux coated welding rod continuous electric arc formed rod produces heat melt metal intense heat needed generated electric current supply volt source required general shop welding volt light duty arc welders sufficient types jobs filler rod arc welding referred electrode rod coated chemicals blended coating burns emits gaseous shield shield protects weld metal nitrogen oxygen air metal flows welding rod base metal fig practice produce quality narrow gauge sheet metal welds electric arc welder auto body arc welding method frequently heavier metal frames suspension member repairs arc welding unit generates amperage produce electric arc rod fig amperage controlled adjusting rheostatic switch series plug connectors electric arc welding units amperage ratings unit amperage rating handle type auto body repair job arc welders higher amperage ratings leads include ground lead lead connecting electrode fig ground lead fastened area repairs close clamp damaged heat molten metal
front end automobile involved collisions portion vehicle fig front end section cases complicated repair correctly major sections vehicle attention vehicle safety especially important dealing front end collision damage front section steering front end components required control vehicle front end vehicles includes engine compartment electrical system vital vehicle operation engine components electrical wiring panels damaged front end collisions fig inspection mandatory checking front end damage easy overlook damage show dramatically exterior panel damage fig collision repair greater force impact amount body damage sustained vehicle instances damage proper safe repair practical decision repairs course left owner vehicle party responsible making settlement accident cases responsible party authorize restoration vehicle original condition cost repairs exceeds retail vehicle case business ethics demand technician prepare cost estimate based correct complete repairs render vehicle completely safe normal ethical technician repair visible damage contribute dangerous condition result injury death vehicle occupants
typically severe rear end collisions result vehicle approaching rear fails stop rear end body damage occur ways vehicle obstruction turn skid contact vehicle stationary object fairly common rear end collisions frequent front end collisions rear end damage complicated repair course adequate repair equipment correct procedure unlike front portion vehicle consists bolt sections rear portion mainly constructed sheet metal sections welded sections welded form single unit cases rear bumper compartment lid major bolt sections rear portion vehicle collision repairs technician examination damage starting actual repairs factor important repair sequence vary depending individual situation rear portion vehicle consists primarily welded sections overcorrection damaged panel affects adjoining panels overcorrecting form damage generally adds deal cost job moderate impact likely frame underbody damage rear modern automobile unusual minor rear understructure damage undetected initial inspection hasty frame underbody damage present rear quarter panels buckled buckled sheet metal panels classified indirect damage damage located distance point impact unit
glass sections modern automobile meant give driver passengers clear view traffic surroundings hazardous drive vehicle cracked fogged glass fact states require faulty glass replaced vehicle pass safety inspections broken faulty glass obstructs visibility sudden fragmentation injury car occupants cracked broken glass sections common auto body technician encounter replacement jobs glass automobiles differs greatly conventional types glass automotive glass furnish clear undistorted visibility meet safety standards visibility feature auto glass refers freedom distortion glass furnish clear unobstructed view angles making glass requires special technology close tolerances early automobiles glass poor visibility accidents safety feature automobile glass refers shatter characteristics safety glass broken produce sharp jagged edges likely injury safety glass required vehicles auto accident injuries caused sharp pieces flying glass basic types glass today automobiles laminated tempered types meet safety specifications offer clear undistorted visibility manufacturer generally places printed markings glass able difference laminated tempered types laminated safety glass consists layers glass thick thin layer transparent plastic fig plastic bonds layers glass prevents separating broken
door assembly modern auto kinds hardware operating mechanisms technician expected able replace repair adjustments component door assembly skills require knowledge construction operation door assembly auto body classification based number doors style top type door glass door styles classified closed hardtop convertible closed style door upper frame hardtop convertible style styles utilize similar hardware presence lack upper door frame determine sequence steps removal installation door components vary slightly depending body style types doors complex requiring greater skill knowledge repairing practical illustrate type door operation interior mechanisms illustrations shown procedures outlined unit typical encounter service manuals furnish additional information automobile model service crash manuals help determine required job cost parts major portion door maintenance concerned door lock window operating mechanism fig component require replacement adjustment result damage wear learn component function door illustrated fig front door sedan note door ventilator window complete upper portion enclosed window frame fig illustrates front door framed window ventilator window
weatherstripping needed close gap movable stationary panels prevent water dust air entering vehicle ways attach weatherstrip panels depending model vehicle weatherstrip attached adhesives screws clips simply inserting specially designed groove built panel cases weatherstrip adhesive conjunction screws clips damaged aged weatherstripping replaced weatherstrip transferred panel repairs special tools required removal replacement tool illustrated fig designed remove weatherstrip fastened panel plastic retaining clips plastic retainers embedded slot formed rubber weatherstrip caution exercised removing plastic retainer order prevent damage removing weatherstrip fastened adhesive bond broken weatherstrip panel thin flat tool putty knife recommended method weatherstrip installation varies age vehicle body style closed style door sedan weatherstrip surrounding entire door panel fig note methods attaching weatherstrip door hardtop style door method weatherstrip installation fig weatherstrip attached door assembly sealing door opening body belt line body belt line includes roof glass sections belt line portions body lower edge glass downward order seal body door opening styles weatherstrip attached stationary portion body known side roof rail
order transfer finishing material container vaporize produce desired spray pattern auto body adequate source compressed air required source course modern air compressor horizontal models fig upright vertical models fig require floor space model choice depends shop layout space commercial air compressors produce considerable noise vibration mounting pads highly recommended fig air compressor setup suitable large volume vehicle refinishing shown fig designs compressors single stage type delivers charge air identical cylinders final pressure check valve directly storage tank fig stage design consists pairs unequal size cylinders single pair arranged vertical plane pairs cylinders positioned arrangement fig stage design suited body shop deliver larger volume air high pressure efficiency results unequal piston diameter design fig large low pressure cylinder piston air atmospheric pressure compress pressure psi pounds square inch discharge finned connector called intercooler intercooler turn carries smaller cylinder compressed psi delivered check valve storage tank process continue constantly increasing tank pressure electric motor types gasoline engine continues turn crankshaft compressor
term primer refers number specialized products designed specific application implies primer applied undercoating base coat final top coat applied types primers purposes filling sealing promoting adhesion preventing rust corrosion sandscratches achieving quality top coat finish depends largely selecting correct undercoat material job fig single important requirement primer adhesion ability anchor surface surface ferrous nonferrous bare metal fiberglass finish material lightly sanded increase adhesion paint manufacturers excellent job producing primers meet varied needs modern primers withstand rigors varying weather conditions remaining firmly bonded surface highly important understand differences primers primers divided basic groups nonsanding primers primer surfacers nonsanding primers called sanded application top coat dust foreign matter settled surface primer surfacers large amount solid material purpose filling small scratches imperfections nonsanding types primer primer sealer zinc chromate wash primer primer sealer seals undercoat prevent bleedthrough finish coat base enamel top coats applied finishes zinc chromate commercial applications involving nonferrous metals truck bodies steel brackets contact aluminum skin primer materials
spraying operation proper ventilation fire safety vital sources ignite spray material explosion especially true priming takes place shop enclosed explosion proof fireproof area obviously smoking rule strictly enforced activity progress welding grinding operations stop priming complete fumes evacuated thinners reducers purchased bulk quantity economic reasons volume materials adds greatly fire hazard materials stored container equipped dispenser lessen possibility spillage spilling material costly dangerous source explosive fumes begin vaporize immediately materials properly stored actual shop area true discarded wiping cloths covered metal container fig addition fire hazard respiratory hazard spraying primers zinc chromate primers especially hazardous due toxic chemicals spraying operations respirators mandatory empty material containers disposed immediately practice helps eliminate danger fire housekeeping technique acrylic lacquer synthetic product developed acrylic resins adaptable spot panel repair vehicle refinishing careful selection thinner air pressure spray gun technique compounding polishing methods newly painted areas color matched blended surrounding finish highly satisfactory results
storage flammable combustible liquids connection spraying operations conform requirements applicable quantity flammable combustible liquids vicinity spraying operations minimum required operations ordinarily exceed supply shift bulk storage portable containers flammable combustible liquids separate constructed building detached important buildings cut standard manner original closed containers approved portable tanks approved safety cans properly arranged system piping bringing flammable combustible liquids spray finishing room open glass containers provided subparagraph paragraph withdrawal flammable combustible liquids containers capacity greater gallons approved pumps withdrawal flammable combustible liquids containers filling containers including portable mixing tanks suitable mixing room spraying area ventilating system operation adequate precautions protect liquid spillage sources ignition containers supplying spray nozzles closed type provided metal covers closed containers resting floors metal supports suspended wire cables containers supplying spray nozzles gravity flow exceed gallons capacity original shipping containers subject air pressure supplying spray nozzles containers air pressure supplying spray nozzles limited capacity exceeding operation designed approved provided visible pressure gauge provided relief valve set operate requirements code pressure vessels section viii boiler pressure vessel code
connection conductors terminal parts insure connection damaging conductors means pressure connectors including setscrew type solder lugs splices flexible leads smaller solid conductors smaller stranded conductors connected means clamps screws terminal plates upturned lugs terminals conductor type approved purpose characteristics copper aluminum devices pressure connectors soldering lugs suitable material conductor properly installed materials solder fluxes inhibitors compounds employed suitable type adversely affect conductors installation equipment conductors spliced joined splicing devices approved brazing welding soldering fusible metal alloy soldered splices spliced joined mechanically electrically secure solder soldered splices joints free ends conductors covered insulation equivalent conductors sufficient access working space provided maintained electrical equipment permit ready safe operation maintenance equipment required permitted subpart dimension working space direction access live parts operating volts likely require examination adjustment servicing maintenance alive table distances measured live parts exposed enclosure front opening enclosed conditions subdivisions ii iii subparagraph
conductors entering boxes fittings protected abrasion conform subparagraphs paragraph openings conductors enter adequately closed metal outlet boxes fittings installed open wiring concealed knob tube conductors enter insulating bushings dry places flexible tubing extending insulating support firmly secured box fitting raceway cable installed metal outlet boxes fittings raceway cable secured boxes fittings nonmetallic boxes open wiring concealed knob tube conductors enter individual holes flexible tubing encase conductor tubing extend insulating support run box terminate wall box nonmetallic sheathed cable cable assembly enter box knockout opening clamping individual conductors cables box required supported inches box nonmetallic conduit installed nonmetallic boxes fittings conduit secured boxes fittings manner consistent requirements subpart unused openings boxes fittings effectively closed afford protection substantially equivalent wall box fitting metal plugs plates nonmetallic boxes fittings recessed fourth inch outer surface boxes enclose flush devices design devices completely enclosed sides substantial support devices provided screws supporting box attachment device contained
scientists start sort guess answer problem set test guess prove true false scientific guess called hypothesis scientists experiments experiment activity scientist test hypothesis famous experiment took place italy nearly ago italian named galileo statement objects fall objects dropped height fall speed important argued heavy objects fall faster lighter showed books prove galileo took iron balls weighed times dropped leaning tower pisa fell side side hit ground balls fallen speed galileo happen tried kind experiment result forced agree galileo fig galileo experiment simple important educated notice firsthand finding answers wanted experiment find answer need depend books opinions galileo scientist deal advance science showed experiments observations famous experiment took place frenchman named louis pasteur developed vaccine thought vaccine sheep getting disease called anthrax
cells hollow structures cytoplasm called vacuoles call cell storage bins vacuoles stored material cell needs water salts foods waste materials things stored vacuoles plants need store water animals plant cells larger vacuoles animal cells cell thin layer material called cell membrane word membrane means thin sheetlike structure membranes surround nucleus vacuoles mitochondria cell membrane separates living material inside cell nonliving substances enters leaves cell pass cell membrane things cross cell membrane materials membrane bit control enters leaves cell helpful compare cell factory nucleus cell front office controlling activities cytoplasm workshop substances built cell membrane gatekeeper directing traffic cell plant cells produce layer strong nonliving material cell membrane structure called cell wall strength protection cell wood merely mass empty cell walls formed cells tree part tree alive animal cells flexible plant cells animal cells produce cell walls cytoplasm animal cells cytoplasm plant cells
chapter learned protoplasm living material cells living cells able carry activities nonliving things activities common cells activity ability cell reproduce cell grows larger increase amount cytoplasm cell parts grow larger limit large cell growing larger larger cell divide dividing cells known cell division complete living thing called organism ameba organism chlorella single celled organism divides individual cells formed onion plant organism cells cell cellular organism divides cells stay grow full size cells reach full size divide outcomes cell division individuals formed happens chlorella cells divide cells formed add size organism replace dead damaged cells happens onion plant cell division means cells formed nucleus divides cytoplasm cell membrane divide let consider takes place inside nucleus process cell division simple stain cells onion membrane iodine nucleus absorbs yellow brown stain nucleus special material close look nucleus shows thin thread strands bunched top
nuclear bomb explodes large amount radiation close killed bomb blast receive deal radiation mutations increases number defective genes population mutations harmful forming generation think finally species living thing die happen remember explained advantages sexual reproduction chapter animal plant inherits genes greatly handicap die reproduces abnormal genes passed living thing handicapped die reproduce healthier members species fewer fewer kind harmful gene goes species number mutations turn generation number mutations lost death number harmful genes present living population remains times increase number mutations formed harmful genes death rate increase effect show mutations recessives eliminated death eventually genes eliminated examples harmful mutations mentioned recessive sex linked gene hemophilia bleeding gene appears mutation
soil important land source water plant roots source minerals soil rich minerals able hold water soil support plants poor soil poor soil minerals hold water sandy soils water sinks quickly sandy soils lost pines oaks adapted dry conditions find growing sand maple elm trees need water grow kind soil region deal plants animals live air important part environment supplies organisms oxygen carbon dioxide air source nitrogen living things build protoplasm air carries moisture falls rain air important water oxygen carbon dioxide air dissolve waters lakes streams oceans oxygen carbon dioxide pass water air water soil things vary earth range temperature living thing adapted temperature range land animals plants greatest temperature problem land temperatures changeable water land winter readings area freezing summer readings high birds mammals animals stay active cold weather
bad farming methods greatly increase rate water erosion crops planted steep slopes row crops corn cotton tobacco potatoes beans bare ground rows loose easily eroded damage worse rows run slope furrow groove left cultivator channel leading water downhill rapidly gullies begin form soil erodes slowly covered plant leaves break force raindrops striking ground dead leaves stems protect surface main force running water hold water giving soak ground running downhill prevents erosion puts water ground plants protection soil forest cover dense sod grass pasture plants small grains wheat oats rye fairly conservation practice calls keeping steepest slopes forests trees roots hold soil fallen leaves hold water steep slopes soon wash farmed slopes steep permanent pasture grasses provide food cattle exposing soil course overgrazed soil exposed wind water erosion hay planted fairly steep slopes sod hayfield protection soil permanent pasture gentle slopes planted small grains
scene show underwater forest fact view giant algae growing sea bottom term alga scientific classification common word type organism chlorophyll simple body structure calling things algae mean closely related seen blue green algae related bacteria nucleus chloroplasts phyla algae nuclei chloroplasts learn chapter listing algae members protist kingdom simplest single celled types easily thought protists large cellular types called plants classified members phylum common freshwater found salt water cell structure type chlorophyll found higher land plants thought members plant kingdom developed green algae ago individual green alga formed single swimming cell algae look flagellates single celled green algae swim chlorella green algae form small clumps cells form rows cells spirogyra thread types green algae shown fig thread types green algae centimeters cell thick need microscope study green algae larger sea lettuce forms broad sheets green tissue seen growing rocks edge sea
plants decorate insides houses apartments plant homes streets source food need oxygen plants photosynthesis plants types chapter find structure function types plants plants structures resemble true roots stems leaves true vascular tissue called nonvascular plants examples nonvascular plants mosses liverworts walked woods seen moss growing fallen logs bases trees find yard shady side house moss looked green carpet examine moss closely discover green plants fig shows moss growing forest fig shows close moss plant looks small model higher land plants structures look stem roots leaves actually structures highly developed parts real stems roots leaves leaf parts moss thin sheets cells single layer complicated structure true leaves root parts moss single rows cells growing soil part plant vascular tissue water absorbed root cells rest plant
innermost part bark cambium food carrying vascular tissue food carried stem bark summer food moves downward roots spring food stored roots stem moves upward bark nourish growing stem tips water goes stem hollow cells wood suppose peel strip bark tree happen water rise wood leaves remain green making food food moving bark reach roots roots stored food die rest tree damage bark tree tell age tree size trees grow rapidly cottonwood grows meter thick twenty growing conditions unusually trees thick oaks hemlocks live hundred douglas fir live thousand redwoods thousand oldest trees earth bristle cone pines live sierra nevada mountain range large live thousand looking logs notice wood center darker wood edge darker wood dead living wood outer light colored part stem cells dead
starfish members echinoderm phylum echinoderms strange bodies formed similar parts arranged circle method movement found phylum nearly sort spines bodies fact word echinoderm means spiny skinned starfish head circle arms center body center stomach opens small mouth underside animal skeleton starfish small plates hard lime plates connected softer material animal flexible short spines body parts skeleton spines covered thin layer living material inside animal body cavity extends arms liquid cavity seawater liquid carries dissolved foods oxygen body motion cilia line body cavity circulatory system starfish upper surface spines bulges thin membranes oxygen molecules diffuse membranes body cavity starfish bulges simple form gill respiratory system starfish starfish moves tube feet hundreds flexible tubes lined grooves underside arm outer end tube foot acts suction cup tube feet connected system water canals body cavity
main mammals australia nearby islands variety pouched mammals developed adapted ways living female mammals order pouches carry young fig kangaroos feed grass koalas climb trees eat leaves wombats look act woodchucks tasmanian wolf hunts animals squirrel mouse mole forms pouched mammals australia general group able compete placental mammals low intelligence reason pouched mammals survived australia ocean separated placental mammals early times group pouched mammals survive competition mammals opossum group common opossum united states southern canada living fossil opossums lived age reptiles opossums slightly larger today changed million mammals insect eaters moles live underground shrews known common mammals areas ordinary shrew size mouse nose pointed fur thicker fig shrews blind hunt insects ground dead leaves sharp teeth pigmy shrew half mouse smallest mammals bats members mole shrew order wings front toe bones skin stretched
negroid arms legs average amount fat skin adaptation exposing moreskin surface air cooling body negroids include tallest shortest groups earth watusis pygmies average height watusis meters pygmies small average height meters thousand negroid spread west african homeland reached islands south pacific eastward southward africa finally century met europeans spreading northward cape hope descendants west african negroids live north america south america west indies europe caucasoids compose race called white race thisis description actually caucasoids dark skinned caucasoids thought originated southwestern asia exact place unknown small area spread thousand ago negroids later caucasoids westward replacing neanderthal types occupied europe north africa caucasoids southeastward occupying persia india southern india mixed earlier australoid types fig caucasoids vary deal tend wavy hair average build fair amount fat development skin large noses australoids races today body hair mongoloids causcasoids darker skin color
recent studies show marijuana harmless drug mounting evidence marijuana smoking effects produces steady personality developed strong pattern usage smoking joints individuals trance known burn outs lost desire smoke marijuana studies continued marijuana lower body resistance disease interfere formation antibodies scientists investigating effects marijuana pituitary gland marijuana affect hormones produced gland marijuana effects development reproduction marijuana smoking hinders person judgment driving ability large percentage traffic accidents caused drivers smoking marijuana influence marijuana drive abused drugs manufactured illegally dishonest called underground laboratories means standards chemicals controls quality safety drug person times vary content strength means effects user vary reason dangerous chemicals pcp angel dust drugs illegally hallucinogen appears forms pill capsule form swallowed powder sprinkled marijuana smoked inhale nostrils process called snorting
special center brain receives impulses sorts proper regions cerebrum cerebellum alcohol impulses mixed wrong messages cerebrum cerebellum faulty responses shown person behavior response slowing reaction takes respond stimulus average reaction stepping brake car green light red half car continues move full speed drinking respond quickly car travel farther stopping glass wine slow reaction alcohol affects judgment centers cerebrum affects behavior drinkers difficulty telling difference wrong read newspapers incidents blame poor judgment bad behavior drinks varying degrees alcohol affects mental processes mental disorganization slurred speech staggering dropping sleep wrong drinking alcohol lead coma death effect heavy drinking liver disease known cirrhosis cirrhosis hardening liver tissues alcohol passes liver cells frequently cells tissues form damaged unable function liver job absorbing nutrients breaking nitrogen wastes blood flow easily liver cirrhosis fatal disease person live functioning liver
misusing drugs adults homemakers business heroin alcohol afternoon relax sleeping pills night sleep amphetamine morning going dependent drugs course harming ask try drug fooled words call heroin number names names horse smack white stuff harry joy powder junk heroin ruin amphetamines called bennies speed pep pills wake ups uppers bombido amphetamines dangerous health let hope decide important person throw drugs suppose drugs wish stop step deciding want quit cases drugs marijuana amphetamines physically addicting alcohol person alcoholic stopping drugs matter deciding stop course easy develop habit difficult break habit smoking marijuana amphetamines alcohol need develop positive ways getting satisfaction interests habits replace bad habits cigarette smoking habit forming addicting
word biology comes greek words bios means logos means thought science word science defined body knowledge methods gaining knowledge biology study includes logical scientific methods biologists today adding knowledge information biology sciences recorded rate biological knowledge gained past quarter century twenty centuries brought biology science general golden age let look answers tried explain things understand events explained guesswork superstition magic believe person shaped positions stars planets found evidence idea believed mud ponds turned eels fish frogs laugh idea science centuries overcome type thinking science based fact logic replacing superstition scientific investigation leads investigation problem solved answer points problems investigation picture scientific knowledge tiny point light sea darkness centuries scientists nations added knowledge widen circle light circle grows places outer edge investigation words learn realize learned acceptance scientific thought changed ways thinking middle ages ignorance superstition blocked search questioning understanding scientists began break walls coming renaissance
matter material living nonliving living condition requires energy energy obtained food organism needs energy matter energy related think single wheat plant chemical materials soil air energy sun energy stored animals energy eat wheat food food part body scientists understand matter energy involved living condition understood study biology interesting understand matter energy facts matter matter matter occupies space mass matter includes solids liquids gases states matter alike ways solid matter particles packed closely solid lead particles vibrate constantly space liquid matter space particles greater particles vibrate actively move freely liquid gaseous matter particles farther move freely solid liquid matter gases making air gases chlorine particles close greenish carbon monoxide deadly gas seen smelled gas called hydrogen dense gas hydrogen mass occupies space
osmosis plays important part lives organisms let process affects plant cell assume solution cell hypotonic means solution lesser concentration solutes greater concentration water molecules cell content net movement water cell water diffuses cell osmosis builds pressure known turgor pressure remember plant cell surrounded cell wall cell swell turgor pressure grows pressure force cytoplasm plasma membrane firmly cell wall cell stiff point turgor pressure equal diffusion pressure water molecules cell equilibrium reached diffusion stops equilibrium reached total number water molecules entering cell equals total number leaving cell water cell environment turgor pressure maintained especially important soft plant tissues leaves petals soft stems turgor pressure keeps plant tissue stiff firm turgor pressure plant wilts animal cells cell walls animal cells turgor pressure build point osmosis stops water simply continues diffuse cells cells rid water swell burst celled organisms live fresh water contractile vacuoles organelles act tiny pumps constantly pushing water cell membrane contractile vacuole helps water balance cells
main method applying genetics controlled breeding gregor mendel produced combinations traits garden peas crossing parent plants farmers produced desired traits plants animals controlled breeding mendel farmers knew traits passed generation plants animals saved seeds plants crops bred farm stock fattest pigs cows gave milk egg laying chickens process selecting parent plants parent animals large number individuals called mass selection farmer plants animals select breeding stock choice choice tried buy shirt store shirts practice mass selection need mass select reason developing improved strains plants animals mass selection recently slow process individual farmers didn land plants animals large breeding experiments large companies organizations carry experiments luther burbank american naturalist developed varietes plants observation helped develop potato burbank selected potatoes wanted reproduce needed cut plant potato pieces buds eyes products asexual reproduction exactly parent plant methods asexual reproduction grafting cutting budding fruit trees roses produce plants exactly parent plant
linnaeus recently structural similarity main basis classifying living things cow bison deer similar structure chew cuds large teeth grinding plants toed hoofs recent times development electron microscope increasing knowledge biochemistry traits structure important taxonomy trait cellular organization types cells prokaryotic membranous structures nuclei factor reason grouping organisms biochemical similarity cells closely related organisms form organic compounds chlorophyll closely related organisms similar proteins traits coded genes reason cells prokaryotic lack genes code making membrane bound organelles strongest evidence relationship genetic similarity suppose animals number chromosomes suppose chromosomes identical similar structure arrangement genes assumed animals closely related million plants animals known exist suppose sample species begin classify separate plants animals smaller smaller groups exactly biologists largest groups known kingdoms kingdom broken smaller groups known phyla singular phylum phylum turn divided classes class orders division order family family genera singular genus
contact disease causing organisms thing viruses bacteria infectious spread person person airborne infections waterborne infections contact infections describe common ways infection spreads person person cold sore throat sneeze cough discharge thousands tiny droplets air droplets disease causing viruses bacteria type air borne infection called droplet infection waterborne infections spread rapidly especially true viruses bacteria human body wastes communities depend underground water drinking water contaminated sewage groundwater seep ground spread disease miles source contamination contact infections slower spreading disease person serving food restaurant source contact infection contaminated fork needed introduce pathogenic bacteria body sexual contact viruses bacteria contact body carry disease organisms bodies immune disease immune carriers present problem suffer disease infectious transfer disease causing agents person recovers disease immune carrier weeks months realizing society travel lot disease spread wide areas immune carriers arthropods insects relatives infectious diseases houseflies carry disease organisms found body wastes pick feet bodies
secondary tissues account increase diameter roots stems primary tissue established trees shrubs secondary growthoccurs soon dominant growth bulk oak tree secondary tissue small amount primary tissue secondary growth begins rapid division vascular cambium layer adding xylem tissue core xylem cells added cambium gradually moves farther star shaped primary xylem added secondary xylem rounds central core tissue entire xylem rounded cylinder surface cambium adding xylem tissue outer surface forming phloem tissue expansion primary phloem endodermis part cortex crushed pressed growing secondary phloem growing season ring phloem added xylem later stages secondary growth cork cambium formed beneath epidermis forms tough water resistant outer surface root soon corky layer formed root longer absorb water conducts water stores food anchors plant young tips roots continue grow establish primary tissue absorb water minerals root tissues discussed similar roots root structure varies widely environment marked effect modifications roots bald cypress tree southern united states grows swamps roots submerged shallow water lateral roots produce upright growths called cypress knees thought knees aerate underwater roots
pollination transfer pollen anther stigma pollen transferred wind insects agents wondered flowers fragrance exceptionally beautiful flowers colorful petals fragrances attract insects needed transfer pollen flower collecting nectar flower pollen clings bee collecting nectar flower bee transfers pollen sticky stigma pollen transfered anther stigma flower case pollination occurs flowers separate plants involved called cross pollination flower adapted structurally method pollination wind pollinated flowers clusters ends branches petals anthers extended filaments slight breeze disperse pollen flowers hayfever causing ragweed willow corn lack insect attracting features found flowers true bees important pollination insects agents pollination insects include flies moths butterflies beetles hairy bodies bees especially pollinators known bird agent pollination hummingbird tongue reaches flowers bird hovers enters large flowers pollen hummingbird feathers transfered flowers happens pollen grain lands surface pistil stigma follow figure page discussion chemical pistil pollen grain form pollen tube grows stigma surface
segmented worms complex body structures worms invertebrates belong phylum annelida classes segmented worms live salt water live fresh water including common earthworms live soil segmented worms common biologists study earthworm approximately segments examine earthworm segments easily seen anterior end darker pointed posterior end separate head visible sense organs crescent shaped mouth anterior end underneath kind upper lip called prostomium specialized segment posterior end vertical anus opens intestine earthworm segments distinct swelling called clitellum involved worm reproduction segment pairs bristles setae bottom side surfaces earthworm setae moving clinging walls burrow hunting bait fishing found earthworm moves pushing setae anterior segments soil shortening body series longitudinal muscles found length body worm pushes setae posterior end soil withdraws anterior setae pushes forward tightening circular muscles body longer earthworm consists cells kinds specialized cells group cells job group makes kind tissue tissue grouped larger structures called organs
amphibians completely water animals completely land animals interesting water animals adapted land amphibians alive today completely adjusted land environment woodland salamanders animals return water reproduce biologists believe animals lived watery environments millions environmental conditions lead change animals able live land land evolve studies rocks fossils led geologists conclude devonian period called age fishes periodic droughts kinds fishes existed frequent droughts areas fish withstand drought conditions survive fish live wet mud finlike structures dig deeper drying pond scurry slip slide water hole fish abilities died droughts adaptations survived multiplied evidence type fish exists today lungfish lungfish lunglike structures addition gills live australia africa south america areas seasonal drought lunglike structures allow respire air water area dries water stagnant lungfish breathe air survive times drought lungfish burrows bottom pool curls burrow inactive rains bring water evidence ancestors amphibians
dinosaurs extinct millions remains dinosaurs eggs footprints preserved rock fossilized bones evidence gathered parts deal knowledge skill paleontologists piece history dinosaur word dinosaur means terrible lizard dinosaurs larger today large lizards giants dwarf elephant thought dinosaurs developed stock basic group early reptiles called thecodonts small animals walked hind legs thecodonts evolved groups reptiles including flying reptiles crocodiles believe birds hypotheses suggested believe dinosaurs warm blooded mammals believe cold blooded today snakes lizards scientists believe dinosaurs warm blooded think proof microscopic structure dinosaur fossil bones structure resembled warm blooded animals point large plates fanlike structures backs dinosaurs cooling blood defense claim present birds warm blooded direct descendants group dinosaurs known dinosaurs largest brontosaurus thunder lizard largest meters feet meters feet high weighed kilograms pounds recent evidence suggests brontosaurus led giraffelike open land inhabiting swamps shallow lakes thought previously neck balanced equally heavy tail
order primates includes animals developed brains species tree dwelling include lemurs tarsiers monkeys apes humans species primates brains developed cerebral hemispheres cover parts brain group generally digits fingers toes limb nails claws eyes primates arranged forward position flattened face eyes focused single point animals dimensional stereoscopic vision guess vision advantage trees watch monkeys zoo seldom miss branch bar swinging place lemurs tarsiers interest represent primitive developed primates lemur looks squirrel primate tail snout muzzle eyes forward squirrel rabbit claw toe lemurs flat nails claws tree dwellers primarily found madagascar tarsier southeast asia monkeylike animal face flat features similar advanced primates large eyes give animal excellent stereoscopic vision tarsiers independently movable fingers toes digit ends pad aids gripping branches monkeys classified groups monkeys africa asia monkeys south central america monkeys prehensile tails tails gripping climbing
springtime waken sounds hundred birds announcing creatures snails slugs sowbugs seeking protected spots remain hawk soaring morning sky spots mouse ground dives night attacker barn owl alternating periods activity allow kinds food overlap hunting owl hawk occupy predatory niche niches organism active called diurnal nocturnal animals active night alternating periods activity called periodicity organism periodicity regular called rhythmic early bird getting worm morning shows rhythmic behavior biologists studied rhythmic behavior organisms questions behavior unanswered insects birds mammals migrate hibernating animals wake spring animals internal clocks light important rhythms rhythms based daily seasonal annual light variations rhythms based phases moon factors light affect rhythms plants animals animals plants remember rhythms biologists raised plants darkened room constant temperature plants responses normal periods daylight darkness memory rhythm shown chickens lizards drosophila
pioneers pushed westward north american wilderness found land rich natural resources stands hardwood trees extended eastern coast middle west largest deciduous forest forest prairies plains native grasses grown lands thousands land rich fertile topsoil building centuries pioneers clear trees plow grasses rich agricultural fields wildlife inland waters filled fish waterfowl aquatic mammals large small game roamed forests grasslands early settlers thought end natural resources humans organisms change environment live century natural resources thought future human population density low natural environment wasted destroyed decades ago began realize happening areas valuable topsoil washed blown wildlife disappearing wealth natural resources today populated areas north america large areas original climax vegetation longer exist environmental problems developed recent human crowded cities involve artificial environment created science technology industry environment includes office buildings high rise apartments housing projects apartment complexes residential communities includes shopping centers power plants refineries sprawling industries jammed streets highways dense populations urban environment contributes pollution rivers lakes oceans air
impossible eliminate air pollution entirely industrial nation reduced danger point let start home burn trash outdoor incinerators open piles indoor incinerators efficient trash picked burn leaves fall compost pile put bags collection industry part industry partially responsible reduction air pollutants power plants installing antismoke devices reduce pollution include precipitators cyclones filters laws passed regarding phases air pollution sulfur dioxide lowered percent carbon monoxide dropped percent suspended particles lowered percent improvements clean polluted atmosphere automobile manufacturers forced reduce compression engines enables cars burn low test gasoline lead products combustion reduced higher octane gas research smaller internal combustion engines manufacturers built catalytic converters car mufflers giving sulfuric acid scientists studying problem danger exists investigating possibility steam electric power automobiles public reduce air pollution cars wisely radioactive particles pollute air particles carried distances air currents atmosphere settle earth fallout known radioactive particles remain upper atmosphere return earth
pick specimen examine sides closely note general appearance note feels hands don surprised specimens look unlike photographs minerals book minerals show colors forms compare minerals easy identify general appearance decide specimens easy identify minerals identified looking differences differences noticed list choose mineral special study ways mineral minerals study specimens chart tops columns list differences noted need add columns fill columns words describing minerals density tell mineral feels light heavy compared minerals size test hardness trying scratch specimen test ways find specimens specimens pick find specimens calls names write names holds specimens minerals color color identification minerals found colors impurities colors noted help recognizing minerals light reflected surface mineral called luster mineral reflects light piece polished metal metallic luster lusters glassy waxy pearly greasy earthy
earth surface consisted bare rock wind water wore small bits minerals moved locations small bits called sediments sediments readily seen mineral particles sand soils sediments seen examining muddy water hand lens sediments settle place thousands conditions particle cemented particles hardened mass called sedimentary rock sedimentary rocks alsoform solution dissolved minerals dries oceans dry sedimentary rock rich halite gypsum form remains plant sediments form sedimentary rock called coal common minerals earth surface quartz feldspar common sediments carried streams deposited rivers quartz feldspar sediments minerals plentiful inexpensive consider important important quartz major ingredient glass recall quartz glass cleave sharp edges feldspar major ingredient china pottery bricks put pieces broken glass tubing test tubes mortar amount small pieces brick safety precaution wear safety glasses gloves cardboard shield pestle shown students grind sample equally minutes cautiously feel sample examine sample hand lens shown compare quartz feldspar sediments compare sediments original glass brick bring class sample sand
soils describe ways farmer say soil sour pasture construction engineer describe soil poorly drained chemist describe soil acidic individuals describe soil terms training terms problems soil presents break dry soil hand soil feel sandy harsh clay floury test soils locations break lumps small samples sandy harsh floury soils hand lens study mineral particles soil largest particles smallest particles soils classified soil texture groups according size particles particles sandy soil seen unaided eye sandy soils feel gritty clay soil composed particles small seen electron microscope clay soil harsh dry sticky wet particles silt soils larger clay particles smaller sand particles silt soils feel similar flour talcum powder add water soil sample sticks roll small ball soil thumb forefinger compare roll soil shown classify soil texture sand silt clay test soils weigh liter quart jar add ml cup dry soil jar reweigh record weight soil recordbook add water jar quarters full stir soil water pieces soil broken
difference elevation contour lines called contour interval contour interval maps activity cm contour line represents elevation cm uphill contour line represents elevation cm contour interval map page sighting level shown pieces wood water filled bottle distance top sighting level base centimeters set sighting level lowest place field mapped earlier look sighting device friend holds level locate point cm higher standing aim sighting level directions locate number points slope elevation drive stakes points tie red cloth stake move sighting level red flagged stakes locate number points field cm higher drive stakes higher points label stakes white cloth repeat sighting procedure colored cloths elevation highest point field reached base line mapping method locate position red flagged stake map earlier draw line connecting points represent cm contour line repeat draw contour lines map test accuracy map locate region contour lines closest compare steepest part field streams shape features earth surface
swift streams important agents erosion action chiefly mechanical chemical effects swift water strike jointed bedded rock force loosen blocks cracks lift blocks loose pieces agents erosion turn grinding stream bed swept downstream diagram left shows stream transports rocks sizes heavy pieces pushed current roll slide stream bed rarely rising smaller lighter pieces apt bounce carried distance current strike stream bed bounce swifter current larger pieces stream carry small pieces strike bottom current swift pieces muddy color streams wearing rocks rub called abrasion abrasion takes place streams rock particles swept current abrasion takes place wind blows sand rocks diagram left shows abrasion takes place streams rocks wear small particles bedrock roll slide bouncing rocks chip pieces strike happen size shape rocks abrasion break soft rock hammer caution wear goggles protect eyes choose pieces rock size shape set pieces later comparisons put remaining pieces jar half full water
wind abrasive power sand carries sand quartz hard mineral sand carried high speeds automobile windshield exposed sandstorm desert quickly scratched effect sandblasting rocks depends greatly nature rocks hard rock uniform structure worn smooth corners bumps exposed action sand eroded quickly resulting surface smooth takes waxy luster rock uniform structure eroded soft regions hard regions sandstones soft spots wear leaving pits granite large crystals pitted crystals feldspar wear faster crystals quartz arid regions sculptured rocks shown believed product abrasion wind driven sand rocks rarely highly polished sculptured sandblasting believed features chiefly results chemical weathering attacks portions wind plays part blowing loosened particles limited amount sandblasting removes softer products weathering smooths corners pebbles exposed sandblasting develop peculiar shapes shown left exposed end partly buried pebble cut forming face slopes upward wind pebble dislodged face develops number faces varies pebble shaped brazil nut
pupils learned pendulums studying earth shape planned experiments pendulum pupil suggested rate pendulum swing depends weight suggested rate depends pendulum length hypotheses propose pupils decided test hypothesis step select method changing weight pendulum independent variable decided add metal washers shown diagram find measure rate pendulum swing dependent variable decided count number complete swings pendulum seconds finally pupils think variables suppose pendulum started height pupils listed variables pendulum length type string string fastened starting height variables changing variables think variables changing try experiment pupils tried control variables affect results experiment called controlled experiment plan carry controlled experiment find pendulum rate depends length pendulum hypotheses tested experimentation conditions controlled geologist believe ice flows faster center glacier edges develop controlled experiment glacier control variables thickness composition pressure find method test hypothesis
impossible find place sedimentary rock represents geologic history piece sequence layers place call process correlation study illustration exposed sea cliff topmost layer sandstone beneath sandstone shale layer coal shale extending level beach inland eroded canyon exposed sedimentary layers layers face sea cliff related layers canyon limestone top sea cliff inland canyon dug digging layer limestone sandstone shale entered coal seam digging continues drill reaches shale passes layer conglomerate rock layers related canyon sea cliff layers kind rock layer expect find beach fossils recognized remains impressions animals living distant past thinking philosophies existed times past discouraged investigation fossils seriously studied fossils played important role significant developments study earth history william smith english mine surveyor canal builder studied detail stream banks sea cliffs quarries canal beds sharp observer notice rock layers contained distinct groups fossils information able identify rock layers regions
photographs night partial eclipse moon eclipse moon moon passes earth shadow study photographs interpret observations think columbus person wonder earth round aristotle greek philosopher teacher proposed idea ago aristotle watched edge earth shadow moon suggested round earth cast shadow study shadows cast ball objects shapes objects cast round shadows curved shadow moon support idea earth curved evidence prove earth sphere aristotle didn cameras film record eclipse shown photographs opposite page note picture showing ship sailing horizon part ship seen ship sails shore observation support idea earth round evidence fail prove earth sphere positions stars constellations noticed ago travelers moving northward southward travelers north constellations northern sky appeared higher sky southern constellations appeared lower sky study drawing happens angle elevation north star observer moves northward shape earth makes change angle elevation north star
german astronomer named kepler realized recent observations showed planets move circular orbits orbits ellipses ellipse shown left draw ellipse stick thumbtacks cm sheet cardboard place cm loop string thumbtacks stretch string tight point pencil shown move pencil loop keeping string tight curved line draw called ellipse point thumbtack called focus ellipse change distance thumbtacks change affect shape ellipse changing length string affect ellipse slender ellipse eccentric nearly round ellipse draw eccentric ellipses kepler revised idea sun centered universe planet elliptical orbit sun focus accurate predictions planets moons comets artificial satellites kepler suggestions improving sun centered theory hypotheses shown fit evidence astronomers considered hypotheses proven hypotheses known kepler laws planetary motion present century scientists believed universe governed scientific laws research directed finding laws today scientists longer convinced universe governed laws nearly law considered proved disproved general statements hold wide range conditions kepler statements planetary motion called laws think perfect unchangeable
find gases air find remove gases soak piece steel wool vinegar minutes rinse vinegar soaked steel wool clear water push end test tube place test tube open end jar water mark jar level water inside test tube happens water level inside test tube hours overnight happened steel wool propose explanation happened measure change water level calculate air reacted steel wool chemists tell gas air reacts steel wool forms rust oxygen experiment air oxygen oxygen atmosphere reacts elements common processes burning rusting respiration list processes oxygen plays part elements compounds involved products formed test gas air add tablespoonsful concentrated potassium hydroxide solution ml cup water jar put clean dry test tube open end jar comparison fill test tube breath inserting clean test tube hole stopper glass tube hole blow glass tube replace air inside breath quickly remove stopper put test tube open end jar shown page mark level solution inside test tube jar
mercury barometers accurate measurements easily carried barometers liquids invented barometers called aneroid barometers common form pictured view inside aneroid barometer small air removed strong spring keeps crushed increase atmospheric pressure squeezes sides moving lever pulling chain chain turns axle hand barometer attached examine aneroid barometer find parts record daily barometer readings device shown sensitive barometer tiny atmospheric pressure set device pictured thermos bottle place bottle reduce effect temperature explain change atmospheric pressure makes drop liquid move effect lifting barometer floor top step ladder bottom stairway top explain water drop moves terms air pressure inside barometer decrease atmospheric pressure shown sensitive barometer carried flight stairs continues higher ascents meters mercury column barometer stands centimeters half normal reading sea level kilometers atmosphere holds cm mercury km weight overlying air small affect ordinary barometer balloon shown page partly filled gas ready ascend
thousands seas gradually worn rocky coastlines leave beaches pebbles sand instances sources beach materials eroded cliffs nearby cases pebbles sand coastline water shore carries sand pebbles bits shells material carried waves known load bigger wave greater load wave carry waves advance beach deposit load drag small pebbles sand retreat motion straight beach material stay beach beaches composed materials exist area unusual waves wash parallel beach wind produces waves seldom blows directly shore waves angle beach flow water straight movement waves wash beach angle retreat straight waves wash shore load pebbles sand known longshore drift longshore drift carries enormous amount sand coast order slow erosion beaches build piers piers photo sand pile retard erosion direction longshore drift moving water wave washed beach flow beach sea
diagram shows marine biologists describe fertility oceans green regions show conditions favor growth phytoplankton prevents plants growing deep oceans top layer open ocean types minerals phytoplankton grow open ocean resembles desert plant growth plant occurs square meter coastal zone source minerals region productive phytoplankton growth occurs coastal regions deep ocean currents rise surface upwellings bring surface vast quantities minerals minerals affect phytoplankton growth abundant phytoplankton growth affect zooplankton abundant zooplankton affect growth fish open ocean smallest supply nutrients small phytoplankton zooplankton grow plankton live close small fish feed travel food type food chain plant food eaten larger larger animals average times humans catch eat fish chain kilograms phytoplankton eaten zooplankton members food chain gram fish eat continental shelf upwelling regions minerals fertilize ocean phytoplankton larger open ocean grow closer result large animals whales feed directly plankton greater percentage weight plankton ends weight edible meat marine biologists estimate grams phytoplankton regions produce grams edible meat
scientists believe matter composed atoms words english language letters alphabet matter composed atoms atoms plentiful earth crust atoms oxygen element atom tiny dense core called nucleus kinds particle nucleus protons nuclear particles carry positive charge kind particle neutron carry charge nucleus atom positive charge nucleus shells electrons bear negative charge number electrons uncharged atom equals number protons inside nucleus fewer electrons protons atom positive charge charged atom called ion matter found nature composed atoms positive charges atoms smallest particles natural elements scientists created additional elements table pages lists elements identified elements found combination found pure substance gold element found pure form arrangement electrons atom determines chemical properties atoms combine chemically atoms form compounds atoms compound join interaction electrons electrons interact determines number atoms kind combine kinds atoms illustration page shows sodium atom giving electron chlorine atom
twentieth century spectacular discoveries inventions realized science electricity electronics electricity common part everyday seldom thinks vast intricate network wires makes invisible force call electricity turn radio television hear watch favorite program snap switch wall immediately room filled light electricity commonly refrigeration cooking washing drying clothes facilitate heating cooling mixing food kitchen ventilation garbage disposal multitude electricity electronics walk moon explore mysteries outer space profession vocation tentatively chosen fundamental knowledge electricity part general education electricity existence beginning recent scientists explored phenomena electricity proposed theories nature strange things electricity scientist seen call invisible wonder twentieth century thousand ago greeks discovered yellowish brown translucent resin called amber rubbed vigorously cloth attract small pieces dust dried grass greeks believed amber fossils living stones called elektron greek derived present electronics interesting project demonstrates properties static electricity found project ii
clear kind size wire ability conduct electric current conductors resistance current overcomes resistance heat produced wire operated limitations heat dissipated surrounding air temperature rise excessively current forced conductor temperature rise point wire red hot destroy combustible material wall home fire result overloading circuit occur excessive load draws safe amount current direct short circuit circuits appliances protected fuse circuit breaker fuse simply thin strip metal melts low temperature home designated amperes examine fuse box home means current exceeds rating fuse melt open circuits preventing damage equipment danger fire symbol fuse appears electrical circuit diagrams appears fig replace burned fuse penny called abe lincoln fuse president lincoln fine picture penny fuse security fuses course carry heavier currents find entrance switch home fuses cartridge type rated amperes fuses carry total current circuits home give protection
rate electrical energy delivered load called electric power unit measurement electric power watt symbol power electrical circuits power equal current multiplied voltage watt power result ampere current driven volt force circuit circuit volt pressure ampere current flow hour watt hour electrical energy watt hour small unit energy familiar kilowatt hour means energy rate watts hour folks pay electric bill notice paying energy kwh kilowatt hour light bulb room rated watts light burning hour require watt hours electrical energy ten hours kilowatt hour electrical energy toaster amps electricity volts pressure power consume power equals volts times amperes watts toast bread hour energy equal watt hours kilowatt hours figure costs electricity iron shirts hour electric iron amperes current power consumed watts hour iron watt hours kwh
scientific theory explanation based observations experiments theories explain birds find travel theory earth magnetic field guided sun birds travel distances guided stars scientific law description universe behaves based information collected matter changed energy statement scientific law theories laws changed tested observation shows theory law wrong changed discarded law matter created destroyed observations showed statement true conditions matter energy measurement basic part science numbers units measurements aware numbers units measuring things think measure length object think need ruler pick object length ruler length shoe ruler measure distances measure distance seat teacher desk walking foot directly front distance shoe lengths class measured distance measurement sizes shoes class measurement unit usable practical
machine makes easier changing direction distance force moves suppose want dig hole plant tree fingers shovel easier shovel simple machine types simple machines listed table bicycle compound machine bicycle simple machine machines easier increase amount force applied screwdriver increases force pry lid paint amount machine increases force called mechanical advantage mechanical advantage machine greater gain force lost gain speed change direction force blades eggbeater move faster handle turns friction decreases mechanical advantage machine friction force opposes motion slow wear parts machine rub hands feel heat caused friction machine friction friction heat energy changed heat reduces energy changed machine mechanical advantage machine reduced machines friction think riding bicycle icy surface friction tires ice bicycle move forward tires designed increase friction traction road
earth pulls things skydiver leaping airplane falls swiftly ground jump air drop book falls ground objects fall earth exerts force force gravity gravity acts objects force gravity measured weight weight object measured spring scale standard unit weight newton mass weight mass quantity amount matter object matter mass mass object change weight object change change force gravity change weight moon weigh weight earth difference pull gravity moon pull gravity earth mass exactly moon earth masses balance earth balance moon weight change earth earth perfect sphere earth slightly flattened poles fatter equator equator distance surface center earth kilometers greater north pole object moves center earth force gravity decreases person weighs newtons north pole weigh newtons equator weight decreases percent object moved north pole equator
suppose divide copper wire pieces continued divide piece smaller smaller pieces finally able divide piece element copper smallest piece element properties element called atom elements composed atoms scientists models explain scientific idea scientific model simply looking idea models based observations model help explain observations pictures atoms book models read parts atom mental picture atom model model atom changed times experiments continue present model atom changed atom consists central positive core surrounded cloud negative electric charge central core called nucleus atom nucleus center positive electric charge mass atom nucleus cloud negative charge surrounding nucleus blades electric fan turn electric fan rapid motion blades looks cloud atoms electrically neutral atoms electric charge cloud negative charge exactly balances positive nucleus experiments electricity late led discovery electrons movement electrons forms cloud negative charge surrounds nucleus discovered electrons scientists began looking positive particle ten later particle discovered
atom complete outer energy level electrons chemically stable noble gases group viiia periodic table complete outer energy levels group viiia elements considered chemically stable generally reactive rarely form compounds compounds formed decompose easily elements group viiia helium electrons outer energy levels elements group ia reactive electrons outer energy level elements found nature compounds combined chemically elements group ia metals electron outer energy level halogens group viia highly reactive elements found nature combined main source element chlorine salt sodium chloride group viia elements electrons outer energy level atoms combine complete outer energy level electrons atoms share gain lose electrons order chemically stable atoms combine chemically bond formed holds atoms compounds formed transfer electrons atoms sodium chloride formed transfer electrons sodium chlorine atoms sodium atom electron outer energy level chlorine atom electrons outer energy level sodium need electrons complete outer energy level sodium lose outermost electron chemically stable preceding energy level filled electron transferred chlorine atoms filled outer energy levels figure model transfer electrons sodium chlorine
copper family known metals copper silver gold reactive found free nature copper silver mined free elements ores combined compounds gold found free copper orange metal conductor heat electricity easily drawn wires pounded rolled sheets copper widely electrical wiring plumbing protect materials forms protective coating exposed air gold yellow soft metal metals jewelry shaped easily white gold alloy copper nickel zinc yellow gold silver copper gold valuable rare base money systems gold reactive chemically dissolves aqua regia aqua regia mixture concentrated nitric hydrochloric acids metals silver conductor heat electricity silver shaped easily jewelry ornaments white soft metal reflects light silver backing mirrors silver react oxygen tarnish exposed hydrogen sulfide tarnish form corrosion tarnish coating silver sulfide silver compounds photography turn black exposed light property silver makes making photosensitive glass type glass eyeglasses darken bright sunlight
solution mixture substance dissolved substance solute substance dissolved solvent substance solute dissolved sugar water solution sugar solute water solvent solution substances uniformly mixed solution formed parts sugar water solution molecules sugar spread evenly molecules water common solutions liquid solutions solvent liquid solute solid liquid gas water common solvent solvent named assume solvent water salt solution considered salt water solutions formed dissolving solids liquids gases gases case gaseous solution formed air gaseous solution table page type solution solid solution solid solutions formed dissolving solids liquids gases solids sterling silver solution copper silver solid solution sterling silver alloy section solids water molecules part crystalline structure copper ii sulfate crystallizes solution water molecules attach ion water molecule attached sulfate ion crystal called hydrate ionic substances form hydrated crystals happens solute dissolves sugar crystal glass water dissolving action begins surface crystal outer layer sugar molecules crystal pulled water figure
electric current wire flow electrons solution electric current movement ions electric current pass solution ions present solution conductor electricity pass wire solution ions conductors electricity putting wet hands electricity dangerous person receive severe shock killed tap water conductor electricity ions form minerals salts conductor solution ions conduct electric current sugar distilled water release ions sugar solution molecules solution conduct electricity alcohol distilled water solution conduct current alcohol sugar form ions mixed distilled water solubility amount solute dissolved specific amount solvent table salt added water salt dissolves form saltwater solution contrast iodine crystals dissolve readily water iodine crystals added ethanol dissolve tiny amount table salt dissolves ethanol iodine insoluble water insoluble means substance dissolve table salt soluble water insoluble ethanol substance iodine soluble solubility rules determined predict inorganic compound dissolve rules based observations laboratory experiments solubility solids increased raising temperature solution sugar soluble hot water
colors clothes water safe drink knowledge chemistry important answering questions fact results science chemistry everyday applying results science large scale called technology colors clothes dyes dyes developed chemical laboratories production dyes part chemical technology water tested laboratories process water purified result chemical technology imagine town city full wearing styles clothing car cars steel natural rubber tires windows plate glass styles clothing wool cotton linen silk natural fibers plants animals clothes synthetic fibers nylon fibers coal oil cars changed metal alloys give strength light weight parts plastic tires plastics plastics give tires strength longer chemical technology limited cars clothes small boats added strength synthetic materials fiberglass airplanes synthetic materials fact synthetics carpets nylon nylon easy care protect tables furniture plastic coatings chemical technology energy conservation office buildings windows
color light wavelength frequency frequency light wave determines color frequency physical property light wave color sense eyes brain light enters eyes color visible spectrum wavelength light waves short wavelengths compared radio television waves wavelength violet light waves centimeters opposite end spectrum red light waves longer wavelength red light wave centimeters light waves shorter wavelengths higher frequencies filter transparent material absorbs colors pass color filter shown color light transmits figure colors pass filter absorbed person colors nerves human eye kinds color receptors receptors stimulated red blue green light waves color produced mixing proper proportions colors colors person sees depends amount proportion red blue green light enters eyes red blue green known primary colors light mixed equal amounts produce white light apple red grapefruit yellow objects transparent reflect light color depends kind colored light reflected molecular composition grapefruit skin apple struck white light particles grapefruit reflect green red absorb blue
lens curved transparent object glass clear plastic kinds lenses convex concave convex lens thicker middle edges magnifying glasses examples convex lenses concave lens thinner middle edges surface concave lens shaped inside orange peel light refracted passes convex lens bending light rays brings point called principal focus light beam passed convex lens principal focus found piece paper appears tiny point light light refracted enters leaves lens thick convex lenses refract light thin lenses reason thick convex lens greater magnifying power convex lens form real image image movie screen real image formed convex lens image formed overhead projector real image seen slides shown slide projector convex lens inside projector forms real image image produced convex lens larger actual object size smaller actual object image larger object object magnified magnification number times image larger actual object microscopes telescopes binoculars slide projectors convex lenses magnify objects image large object magnification power image times large magnification power
auditorium difficult hear speaker speaker voice didn carry audience disturbing echoes speech unclear auditoriums designed speakers singers orchestras heard clearly room noise controlled eliminated noise sound wrong kind wrong place acoustics study sound affects includes control noise vibrations noise scientists engineers acoustics study sound human hearing study ways things affected sound engineers design buildings communication systems proper sound figure ways protect hearing harmful loud noises designs engineers aimed ensuring sounds hear kind want need control noise source noise quieter bothered noisy fan large fan turns slow speed quieter small fan turns fast speed noise controlled blocking passage place closed door noisy room shut sound want hear porous materials carpets drapes acoustical tiles absorb sound reflected sound hear called echo properly shaping large room echoes reduced echo reaches ear sound problem interval longer echo annoying
ninety percent total united states energy needs met fossil fuels coal crude oil natural gas fossil fuels materials called fossil fuels remains plants animals lived ago gasoline fuel oil obtained crude oil fuel oil natural gas coal main fuels heat buildings generate electricity transport objects ninety percent fuel reserve coal coal obtained mines coal releases times energy wood burned table matter coal carbon sulfur present coal forms poisonous sulfur oxides coal burned sulfur oxides smoke air pollution crude oil petroleum black thick liquid obtained wells crude oil mixture hydrocarbons crude oil comes wells united states large supply comes countries form organization petroleum exporting countries opec crude oil forty percent energy united states burning gasoline fuels obtained crude oil air pollution pollution results release unburned hydrocarbons carbon monoxide natural gas methane hydrocarbon formula natural gas burned united states cooking heating producing electricity characteristic natural gas pumped pipes wells places clean fuel meaning produces air pollution natural gas shipped liquid form called lng lng short liquefied natural gas
development controlled nuclear fusion investigated scientists engineers countries fusion requires high temperatures controlled tiny sun laboratory experiments nuclear fusion aim fusion heavy hydrogen nuclei magnetic bottles magnetic field produced electromagnet wound tube fusion fuel high voltage alternating current heats fuel million degrees magnetic fields pinch nuclei inside tube magnetic pinching keeps nuclei walls tube controlled thermonuclear reaction scientists discover maintain high temperatures seconds learn convert heat energy produced fusion electricity solution problems challenge science technology rewards certainly worth effort fusion nuclei gram heavy hydrogen produce power generated burning metric tons coal nuclear energy advantages fossil fuels coal oil burning coal oil air pollution nuclear reactors clean add pollutants air greater amount energy produced smaller amounts nuclear fuels nuclear power plants require huge amounts water cool reactors hot water dumped rivers oceans thermal pollution result heat harmful effect fish protect environment water cooled released large cooling towers built purpose nuclear reactors produce radioactive wastes wastes stored safely thousands radiation decays
early times muscle source power found animals effort electric power electricity things early humans face problem fuel produce electricity running searching ways generate electric power wind explored early sixth century wind power windmill grind grain flour windmills horizontal vertical center pole attached grinding stone sails attached pole wind blew sails turned center pole action turned stone grinding grain passage improvements windmill vertical device center pole horizontal connected gears stone sails improved reducing amount wind needed turn vanes added mills pointing wind windmills developed power grind grain pump water windmill produce electricity idea problems fairly strong wind operate mill limited choice locations wind constant electricity constant result methods produce electricity problems exist scientists engineers learning solve designs lighter materials windmills operate light winds built
science law principle statement describes natural phenomenon unlike laws restrict behavior traffic laws scientific laws describe behavior jacques charles observed controlled conditions relationship temperature volume gases regular behavior gases study greater detail chapter known charles law scientific law physics stated words expressed mathematical equation relating natural phenomenon factors theory reasonable explanation series observed phenomena theory involves imaginary model helps scientists picture observed phenomenon produced modern atomic theory study chapters kinetic molecular theory theory gases pictured small particles called molecules constant motion kinetic study kinetic molecular theory chapter theory addition explaining past observations serves predict behavior observed theory publicized scientists design experiments test theory matter composed small particles called atoms behave observations confirm scientists predictions theory supported observations confirm predictions scientists search fault experiment theory revised rejected albert einstein greatest theoretical scientists theoretical scientist works ideas
centuries systems measurement suited modern measurements metric system developed france end century decimal basis metric system makes convenient measure physical quantities change pennies dimes dollars congress metric system legal country countries adopted official system measurement legislation convert metric system passed congress writing american auto makers metric models anticipation coming changeover system measurement important distinguish physical quantities units measurement physical quantities aspects universe measured desired units measurement length physical quantity metric unit measure length meter units measurement system based fundamental units units derived basic units length important physical quantities natural length period chosen fundamental units unit based natural phenomenon called conceptual unit establish fundamental units choose arbitrary values quantity matter selected unit mass unit established called standard unit disadvantage standard unit arbitrary standard carefully preserved system accurate
newton law motion tells body acts net applied force let consider happens single applied force applied forces vector sum discussion applied force force mean vector sum forces applied body newton law motion stated effect applied force body accelerate direction force acceleration direct proportion force inverse proportion mass body body rest force applied begin move direction force move faster faster force continues body moving straight line force applied direction motion increase speed continue force continues force applied direction opposite motion acceleration direction force causing body slow force continues body slow stop begin move increasing speed opposite direction force applied moving object line motion acceleration direction force effect general change direction speed motion postpone detailed consideration complex case chapter
molecule smallest particle substance capable stable existence previous section smallest particle sugar retains identifying properties sugar molecule sugar substances composed molecules substances composed electrically charged particles called ions particles discussed chapter molecule sugar small seen help powerful microscope idea extremely small size molecules imagine drop water magnified large earth tremendous increase size single molecule water meter diameter simple molecule water molecules complex substances sizes electron microscope capable magnifications million times photograph giant molecules photographs serve convincing evidence matter composed tiny particles molecule sugar analyzed found consist particles simpler kinds matter carbon hydrogen oxygen simpler forms matter called elements atom smallest particle element exist combination atoms elements molecule sugar atoms carbon atoms hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms molecules atoms smaller molecules smallest atom atom hydrogen diameter largest atoms size
measure temperature introduce fourth fundamental unit unit temperature difference degree derived length mass measurable physical property temperature physical properties change temperature examples linear dimension solid volume liquid pressure gas held constant volume volume gas held constant pressure resistance electric conductor color solid heated high temperature properties matter developing temperature scale construction thermometer establish temperature scale identify process occurs change temperature temperature process takes place fixed point temperature scale change phase substance melting temperature substance exists solid phase thermal equilibrium liquid phase fixed pressure true substance boiling point liquid thermal equilibrium vapor boiling temperature substance higher melting temperature pressure solid liquid vapor phases substance thermal contact thermal equilibrium occurs temperature known triple point temperature fig pressure temperature condition ice liquid water water vapor exist vessel thermal equilibrium
english scientist robert boyle person investigate called spring elasticity air scientists knew compressed air performed experiments learn volume gas affected pressure exerted experiments boyle large shaped glass tube similar shown fig straight portion shorter arm foot length longer arm length feet set apparatus stairwell laboratory oxford mercury poured tube fill bent portion mercury levels adjusted tipping tube allow air escape small arm mercury stand height arms boyle trapped column air short arm tube measured height air column assuming bore tube uniform boyle height air column measure volume air air atmospheric pressure mercury levels arms tube fig reading height mercury torricellian apparatus early style mercurial barometer boyle found pressure exerted atmosphere volume air successive steps boyle added mercury arm tube shown fig measuring height column air short arm determine volume
hot objects transfer heat energy radiation temperature high objects radiate light heat light source blocked observer heating effect cut reason cloud obscures sun cuts sun heat michael faraday english physicist concerned transfer kind energy investigating attraction repulsion electrically charged bodies experiments led principle electric generator faraday practical mind required model interpret explain physical phenomena difficult visualize electrically charged objects attracting repelling distance taking place intervening space conceived space stress visualized tubes force charged bodies faraday astute mathematician put model transmission electric force abstract mathematical form james clerk maxwell scot mathematical physicist newton set determine properties medium transmit energies heat light electricity developed series mathematical equations predicted propagated free space speed light electromagnetic disturbances unification electromagnetic theory brought common focus phenomena radiation maxwell determined energy electromagnetic wave equally divided electric field magnetic field perpendicular perpendicular direction propagation wave model electromagnetic wave instant shown fig
amount light reflected surface object scattering unidirectional reflection depends kind material underlying surface smoothness surface angle light strikes ratio light reflected surface light falling called reflectance ratio commonly expressed percentage materials differ widely reflectance material highest reflectance magnesium carbonate white chalky substance reflects incident light practically complete scattering reflectance smooth surface silver percent negligible scattering black surfaces reflectances percent reflection sunlight mirror produces blinding glare rays sun reaching earth practically parallel angle incidence remain practically parallel reflected plane mirror reflection scattering reflected rays negligible called regular reflection polished specular surfaces regular reflection image luminous source sharply defined nature regular reflection shown fig regular reflection highly polished surfaces accurate control light rays searchlights beacons automobile spotlights concentrated light sources high intensity highly polished regular reflectors redirect light rays desired direction fig observe happens beam light incident irregular surface laws reflection hold true ray light normals surface parallel light reflected directions scattering diffusion light extremely important
color property light reaches eyes objects absorb wavelengths light falling reflect wavelengths cloth appears blue sunlight appears black held red portion solar spectrum darkened room red cloth held blue portion solar spectrum appears black color opaque object depends frequencies light reflects colors reflected say white black absorbs light falls called red absorbs colors reflects red light piece blue cloth appears black red portion spectrum blue light reflect absorbs colors reason red cloth appears black blue portion spectrum color opaque object depends color light incident ordinary window glass transmits colors colorless red glass absorbs colors red transmits stars united states flag red black field viewed red glass color transparent objects depends color light transmit polychromatic light dispersed simple colors reasonable suppose combine simple colors form polychromatic light ways prism path solar spectrum formed prism recombine colors produce white light colors compounded manner
small group semiconductors assumed considerable importance unusual variations resistance temperature potential gradient copper oxide rectifiers pass current potential difference applied direction opposite direction silicon germanium transistors substituted vacuum tubes electronic circuit applications extremely low temperatures metals exhibit unusual property resistance production low temperatures study properties materials low temperatures called cryogenics cryogenic temperatures generally considered boiling point liquid oxygen ultra low temperature research began liquefaction helium dutch physicist heike kamerlingh onnes boiling point liquid helium learned resistivity conductor function temperature expect resistivity temperature conductor drops conductor offers resistance passage electrons kamerlingh onnes found resistivity continue drop falling temperature gradually approaching resistivity materials specific temperature resistivity dropped suddently temperature called transition temperature condition resistivity transition temperature material called superconductivity temperatures materials superconductive shown fig region low temperatures superconductivity prevails poses severe limitation utilization superconductors obviously superconductors offer promise applications power transmission electric energy storage superelectromagnets operate power loss
close relationship chemical energy electric energy discussed spontaneous reactions involve transfer electrons reactant chapter reactions sources emf electrochemical cell chemical energyis converted electric energy spontaneous electron transfer reaction proceeds products reaction energy reactants similar reactions spontaneous forced occur electric energy supplied external source charging storage battery forced reactions products chemical energy reactants means electric energy external source emf transformed chemical energy reaction proceeds arrangement forced electron transfer reaction occurs known electrolytic cell basic requirements electrolytic cell shown fig conducting solution electrolyte furnishing positively negatively charged ions electrodes immersed electrolytic solution negative terminal battery source direct current connected electrode forming cathode cell positive terminal source connected electrode form anode cell circuit closed cathode negatively charged anode positively charged positive ions migrate cathode acquire electrons high potential energy cathode discharged negatively charged ions migrate anode discharged giving electrons low potential energy anode note electrode reactions electrochemical cells presented chapter reverse occurring electrolytic cell
suppose form wire loop vertical plane place compass needle free rotate horizontal plane center introduce current loop needle deflected increase number turns sufficiently feeble current produces deflection needle device called galvanoscope detect presence electric current determine direction simple galvanoscope shown fig versatile instrument detecting feeble currents galvanometer essential parts shown fig coil wire pivoted jeweled bearings poles permanent horseshoe magnet coil magnet current passes instrument magnets permanent horseshoe magnet fixed position electromagnet free turn axis electric connections coil control springs hold pointer attached electromagnet shows reading current present galvanometer position located midpoint scale current movable coil core magnetized poles core attracted repelled poles permanent magnet torque acts coil rotates attempt align plane perpendicular line joining poles permanent magnet coil rotates control springs final position reached torque acting neutralized reaction springs permanent field flux constant torque coil proportional current
detection devices particle accelerators physicists observed identified subatomic particles particles unstable extremely short half lives fleeting fragments matter essential pieces puzzle nuclear structure puzzle completely solved strides past remainder chapter look picture atom emerging investigations ago scientists recognized relationships chemical elements arrange groups according properties listing called periodic chart elements subatomic particles discovered evident similar grouping fundamental particles chart proposed american physicist mann independently japanese scientist nishijima table shows main features mann nishijima chart subatomic particles known particles category listed shown purpose classification clear names symbols subatomic particles greek words letters names refer masses baryon means heavy meson means medium lepton means small baryons mesons called hadrons comes greek word meaning bulky major divisions chart based largely masses sharp distinction masses baryons mesons mesons leptons exception mu meson seemingly classified mesons
nuclear physicists speculated interesting idea particle universe mirror image counterpart chart fundamental particles suggests idea listing antiparticle particle electron pair discussed section antiparticles respects accounting amount energy adding antiparticle physical system equivalent removing particle removing antiparticle equivalent adding particle putting particle antiparticle physical quantities particle antiparticle mass charge disappear pure energy left substance composed antiparticles called antimatter collision particle antiparticle matter antimatter results annihilation matter illustrates interchangeability matter energy section scientists believe large quantities antimatter exist universe form stars entire galaxies antistars antigalaxies exact nuclear physics distribution matter space terms parity law parity states process nature mirror image process indistinguishable original process law say absolute independent describing left clockwise counterclockwise universe experiment devised establish directions matched equally probable event opposite direction parity experiments deal largely spin nuclear particles spin responsible direction particles emitted nuclear interactions conservation parity stipulates particles emitted opposite directions equal numbers nature shows preference spin direction
successful model atom explain behavior subatomic particles electron properties substances larger scale mechanisms hold parts atom able bind atoms types atomic bonding ionic bonding covalent bonding quantum mechanics definite number orbiting electrons principal quantum number electrons electrons atom maximum number electrons electron shell subshell heavy atoms closed shell cases atoms stable closed shells stability electron terms ionization energy ionization energy energy required remove electron atom obviously ionization energy equal energy electron quantum numbers sign increases energy electron decreases outermost electrons easiest remove atom atom lose electrons electrons atom depends factor called electron affinity electron affinity measure energy released electron added neutral atom atom high electron affinity holds electrons tightly words high ionization energy similarly atoms low electron affinities low ionization energies atom low ionization energy likely lose electron atom high electron affinity happens atom positively charged ion negatively charged io
drawing board fig smooth flat surface needed drafting tops drafting tables designed purpose individual drawing boards manufactured variety sizes majority selected seasoned basswood handed draftsman left edge board working edge left handed draftsman edge working edge checked periodically straightness draftsmen tape piece heavy paper special vinyl board cover working face drawing board protect surface vinyl surface easily cleaned horizontal lines drawn square fig supports triangles draw vertical inclined lines square consists parts head blade straight edge head fixed solidly blade square protractor head adjustable blade clear plastic strips inserted blade edge squares makes easier locate reference points lines blade guide knife cutting tool accurate line essential head square held firmly working edge board recommended blade left flat board suspended hole end warping bowing blade minimum supported square blade deg deg triangles fig draw vertical inclined lines transparent plastic number sizes
encounter hypotheses solar system began nearly billion ago sun existence let imagine sun ordinary star whirling space extraordinary event takes place heavenly object star passes close sun scientist suggest encounter hypothesis count buffon france buffon version sun encounter star comet collides sun collision throws streams gas sun streams move direction sun millions shrink ball shaped bodies largest streams planets smaller streams moons satellites planets streams fail shrink remain comets american scientists chamberlin moulton proposed planetesimal hypothesis hypothesis avoids collision force gravity pull planets sun gravity pulls stars pulls thrown stone earth encounter sun star quantities gas flow sun space star gravitational attraction pulls gas sun gas shrinks cold solid rocklike masses called planetesimals grow gravitational attraction collisions form planets moons hypothesis tidal hypothesis proposed englishmen jeans jeffrey explanation encounter sun star close gravitational attraction tidal bulge sun bulge splits breaks form planets weaknesses encounter hypotheses
talking elements minerals fact substances compounds compound substance consisting elements chemically combined unlike mixture compound properties entirely unlike elements composed water compound formed hydrogen oxygen water certainly mixture hydrogen oxygen room temperature water liquid hydrogen oxygen gases salt compound elements sodium chlorine sodium chlorine poisonous eat salt safely food examples mineral quartz sand composed mineral galena ore lead quartz compound elements silicon oxygen galena compound lead sulfur mixture chemical elements individual elements properties recognized color odor taste elements mixture present proportions separated easily physical means picking separating light heavy dissolving soluble magnet remove magnetic elements compound elements lose individual properties element present definite ratio elements weight known law definite proportions elements compound separated chemical means water salt decomposed individual elements passing strong electric current lead galena separated sulfur heating
hot liquid magma pours earth crust volcanic eruption solid forms kind igneous rock called extrusive volcanic geologist rocks formed identify rocks formed times places igneous rocks formed magmas reach surface igneous rocks called intrusive intruded rock masses rock covers worn geologists found types evidence rocks liquid magma resemble extrusive rocks mineral composition crystal grains interlock formed hot liquid magma geologists answered question studying volcanic lavas materials magma called lava reaches earth surface magma melting rocks granite basalt laboratory geologist analyzes volcanic lavas laboratory magmas finds fall main types types hot solutions silicates temperatures ranging differ chemical composition type high percentage silica calcium iron magnesium form dark colored minerals high silica acid type magma thick slow flowing hardens forms mainly light colored minerals quartz orthoclase feldspar light colored rocks granite intrusive rocks type rock forms continents high silica type main type magma lower percentage silica high percentage calcium iron magnesium
rivers carry rock material ways mineral matter carried solution comes river ground water seeps common minerals carried solution compounds calcium magnesium especially limestone regions river water looks muddy carrying rock material suspension suspended material includes clay silt fine sand heavier water stirred sinking turbulence stream flow turbulence means swirls eddies resulting friction stream bed banks faster stream flows turbulent muddy rough bed increases turbulence sand pebbles boulders heavy carried suspension carried bed load especially floods boulders pebbles roll slide river bed large sand grains pushed jumps bounces grains sand sandstorm geologists estimate rivers united states carry fourth load solution half suspension fourth bed load carrying power stream depends volume water velocity fast runs larger stream faster runs carry velocity stream depends mainly steepness gradient bed velocity increases increased volume depth floods volume depth river increase tremendously increases speed carrying power hundreds times flood stage reason river erosion times
geologists tell continental ice sheets greenland antarctica covered nearly canada northern united states ago tell ice age lasted million accept statements backed sound scientific evidence concept ice age generally accepted geologists middle early european geologists noted rock outcrops northern regions polished scratched surfaces unlike rock outcrop surfaces southern regions giant boulders bedrock rested boulders traced outcrops miles north pebbles sediments strange locality places geologists agreed foreign materials explained stream action geologists british believed happened flood thought flood waters carried boulders scoured bedrock deposited sediments wide area believed water moved foreign materials british called material drift explanation offered students glaciers alps saw bedrock attacked glacial erosion saw boulders soils carried downslope found happenings miles valley glacier front high glacier valley walls cases reasoned glacier longer thicker number geologists reasoning explain drift covered northern europe concluded ice sheets covered drift area ice age
wave passes water water surface rises falls height wave difference high point crest low point trough wavelength distance crest strong winds waves longer higher storm waves wavelengths meters average wavelength ocean wave times height wave meters high wavelength meters period wave takes wavelength pass point ocean waves period seconds ten seconds find speed wave divide wavelength period speed wave meters period seconds answer meters passage wave water passage wave rope rope snapped bit rises turn crest falls trough wave rope bit rope place rope rise fall circular path thing happens water wave particle water ocean surface stays place circular motion seen bobbing floating object moving particle passes energy particle wave travels energy carry wave motion takes place surface
samples sea water surface simply scooped bucket samples deeper water obtained nansen bottles nansen bottles special metal cylinders ten twenty bottle fastened measured point strong wire wire lowered sea desired depth trap sea water bottles messenger weight dropped wire strikes bottle releases catch bottle turns upside valves close water inside trapped bottle releases messenger weight trips bottle chain reaction continues bottle line tripped line hauled water samples depths measure salinity sample sea water evaporating dryness method slow accuracy easy nowadays oceanographers instrument called salinometer measure salinity easy instant readings highly accurate salinometer minerals dissolved sea water conductor electricity mineral matter water conducts weighing minerals oceanographers measure sea water conductivity salinometer compare result table standard measurements sample salinity salinity ocean waters averages deeper waters ocean varies figure upper waters variation oceanographer measures salinity salinity average large amounts fresh water enter ocean
national science foundation sponsoring deep sea drilling project project ship glomar challenger ship drilled thousands places ocean floor result thousands sediment rock cores brought drilling cut meters sediments cut underlying bedrock cores brought studied things kind age sediments relation ocean currents climate show origin ocean basins ocean cores provided accurate scale part ice age scale helped scientists explain ice age climates sediment sea floor comes land rivers glaciers waves winds bring gravel sand silt clay materials settle continental shelves reach continental slope turbidity currents carry farther continental rises abyssal plains deposits turbidity currents found floors submarine canyons sediments land found farther sea boulders greenland antarctica carried hundreds kilometers sea icebergs layers ash pumice deposited mid ocean island volcanoes dust lands volcanic eruptions carried parts ocean wind sea floor continental slopes covered fine grained sediments include main kinds materials kind organic tiny shells skeletons plankton kind material inorganic mainly tiny bits clay quartz mica rock minerals
scientists discovered radio waves coming earth outer space origin mystery soon learned waves directions included sun planets milky dark areas heavens empty telescopes light early science radio astronomy born radio astronomy study radio waves outer space purpose find kinds heavenly bodies radio waves unlike light rays radio waves pass clouds fine dust lie stars radio waves bring information parts heavens receive light radio waves space pass clouds received night discoveries radio astronomy dark areas sky empty vast clouds hydrogen atoms astronomers draw maps heavens show strength sources radio waves space radio telescopes collect concentrate radio waves outer space glass lenses mirrors radio telescopes giant antennas collect radio waves feed special receivers receivers record direction strength wavelength signals received metal saucer dish nearly meters diameter antenna radio telescope jodrell bank england dish turned face directions steerable nonsteerable radio telescope arecibo puerto rico larger antenna meters diameter
moon rises east sets west sun rising setting motion apparent caused earth turning axis west east moon revolve earth place sky moon revolves earth twenty hours later moon longer place sky catch earth turn axis takes minutes result moon rises minutes later rises later sets later moon rises later sky night moon opposite sun night moon sun daytime sky course noticed moon period rotation days period revolution words turns axis goes earth effect moon side facing earth leaves side moon invisible orbiting spacecraft photographed moon moon produced light sun full moon moon shines reflected sunlight half lit sun lights half moon faces
north pole leans full sun june known summer solstice longest daylight northern hemisphere shortest daylight southern hemisphere north pole leans sun december known winter solstice shortest daylight northern hemisphere longest daylight southern hemisphere diagram shows earth summer solstice equator equal daylight night northern hemisphere amount daylight increases hours equator hours arctic circle parallel latitude north pole arctic circle north pole land midnight sun daylight remains periods longer hours periods range days weeks months north pole daylight months southern hemisphere conditions reversed south pole middle month night june called summer solstice date weather southern hemisphere weather united states fact winter argentina summer solstice diagram shows earth winter solstice northern hemisphere shortest daylight southern hemisphere daylight daylight night equal length equator solstice sol sun stice stop june date sun stops apparent movement northward sky
weather atmosphere includes temperature movements air evaporation water formation clouds falling rain snow energy needed things happen energy comes sun sun radiates energy hot body energy goes space directions earth tiny comparison receives billionth sun rays happens rays reach earth atmosphere partly cloudy clouds reflect percent sun rays space percent sun rays absorbed atmosphere happens denser lower layers chief absorbers carbon dioxide water vapor concentrated remainder sun rays percent reach earth surface scientists give insolation sun rays strike earth happens sun rays reach earth surface hot body sun radiates mainly short waves include ultraviolet rays visible light short infrared rays air absorb short waves rock soil water absorb waves rock water warm sun shines radiate energy cooler sun radiate mainly infrared waves rays air absorb result heat surface warms air earth atmosphere compared glass roof greenhouse greenhouse roof lets sun short waves enter warm soil roof allow heat soil escape
paleozoic ancient era began million ago ended million ago took place era age invertebrates age fishes age amphibians invertebrates animals backbones worms shellfish amphibians animals live part lives water part land frogs toads salamanders firsts paleozoic era vertebrates animals backbones land animals insects land plants forests seed plants paleozoic era marked variety climates periods warm dry climate salt deposits formed periods warm humid climate coal forming swamp plants thrived periods cold climate ice ages times paleozoic era large inland seas existed formed rising ocean waters flooded interior areas north america times uplifts occurred seas receded mountains formed largest inland seas era occupied broad shallow depressions called appalachian trough cordilleran trough ouachita trough appalachian trough located roughly appalachian mountains today cordilleran trough occupied rocky mountains area ouachita trough stretched oklahoma texas mexico paleozoic era divided periods let highlights period cambrian period period paleozoic era rocks fossils fossils marine trace land animals found cambrian rocks
mesozoic era lasted million era dinosaurs flying reptiles birds teeth flowering plants appeared hardwood trees appeared joined evergreens forests mammals appeared mountains raised united states took place mainly west east land eroded steadily mesozoic era periods triassic jurassic cretaceous large inland seas united states existed west triassic period seas received deposits marine sediments nonmarine sediments deposited winds rivers western deserts sediments sandstones sandstones red contained bits red iron oxide hematite today desert sandstones found wyoming utah colorado arizona mexico ores uranium east united states appalachian mountains eroded worn faulting split parts appalachians block mountains block mountains lay north south basins basin ran massachusetts connecticut reached southeastern york jersey pennsylvania virginia mountain streams carried coarse sediments basins west formed red sandstones connecticut valley triassic sandstones famous dinosaur footprints times flows lava interrupted process depositing sediments lavas covered sediments lava intruded sediments form sills dikes triassic period ended appalachians raised mountain heights buried flows sills later exposed erosion
order show land forms maps show relief earth surface ways shading coloring minature sketching land forms accurate large scale maps contour lines modeling clay irregular cone shaped mountain centimeters high base fit easily transparent plastic glass box cone steeper side mark box short horizontal lines half inch starting bottom put mountain box pour water marker reached draw line mountain showing exact level water repeat process marker top mountain line drawn contour line fasten transparent cover glass plate plastic cover plastic sheet securely top box tape sheet tracing paper cover look straight cover copy contour line accurately result contour map mountain contour interval difference elevation consecutive contour lines confuse contour interval difference height distance ground horizontal distance points measured map scale contour interval differs according relief land suppose land mapped high steep mapmakers large contour interval feet feet suppose slopes gently nearly level mapmakers small contour interval feet feet foot moderately rough land foot contour interval
stories tell things kind story passed story tells read tell easy recall important parts sky ground higher tallest person head reached broke pieces sky hungry food sky worked fine broke eat threw leftovers ground sky plenty big didn matter wasted didn care sky cared angry lying ground half eaten sky stop stomach growls break chunk bite throw rest stop move reach message pretty scared sure broke sky eat soon forgot broke chunk big feed forty month took bites licked edges threw rest ground walked looking seen sky angry looked sky gave roar lifted high saw happened cried
words basis spoken written language words communicate meaning ouch word yes definite meaning explain ouch means basketball describe means word bounce dribble throw hoop word stands object object word symbol symbol means agreed symbol chair stand animals words scientific research question answer kind language words communicate birds animals meaningful sounds specific occasions words animal language understood group language jackdaw bird give examples sounds animal makes sounds tell human language differs animal language important ways invent words describe feel invent describe situations things tell ideas contrast animals limited set sounds chimp makes sound fruit fruit call apple banana remember jackdaw language sound krackrackrack means enemy jackdaw change sound say relax cameras human beings ways add language common invent words making compounds compounds words combined word
lana lives glass room computer console researcher peered room lana pushed series buttons console room computer translated lana message words message tim move room tim researcher lana answer yes lana rushed door eager tim hand entered researcher lana friend lana learned send messages symbols computer translates words tim shows blue object asks color lana answer blue color ask questions requests sends machine give milk machine play movie night tim goes home lana asks machine move room contrast chimp limit sentences combining words sentences achievement language means regular rules unlimited number sentences imagine zillions sentences write talk observe imagine ask questions describe past future fact unique sentence want understand sentences seen heard ways say hot lana say sentences say hot sizzling say hot feel baked potato ways classmates describe heat cold
language hard term explain things language symbolic words stand thoughts objects language customs conventions means things word meaning word order capitalization punctuation agreed speakers listeners writers readers understand language learned begin learning language minute hear talk read excerpt carefully lines tells lot language glory don mean glory alice humpty dumpty smiled contemptuously course don till tell meant nice knock argument glory mean nice knock argument alice objected word humpty dumpty scornful tone means choose mean question alice words mean things question humpty dumpty master deal word mean alice thoughtful tone word lot humpty dumpty pay extra alice puzzled remark ah em round saturday night humpty dumpty wagging head gravely side side wages clever explaining words sir alice
social situations meet step getting person remember names hard remember don listen carefully introduced thoughts attention don hear mumbled don speak clearly give full names tell nickname think embarrassing toask repeat names idea flattered wants remember think sounds say fleeglehof imagine spelled sound syllables spell associating person face help special looks large eyes curly hair freckles smiles frowns person special feature trait speak softly hand gestures lot look introduced don stare smile politely look person appears pick eyebrow teeth shape face ms fleeglehof freckles begin association link face link sounds syllable fleeglehof mean link flee gull thinking fleeing gull taking help remember fleeglehof talking person yes ms fleeglehof agree
communication communication answer earlene letter lesson part stanley tell interests choose topic interest inventory let paragraph letter begin specific statements end general statement paragraph write begin paragraph general statement follow specific statements edit letter reminders rewrite letter correctly friendly letters written neatly proper stationery letter smudged erasures show respect reader pen typewriter write friendly letter signature handwritten letter pages leave page blank start page clean sheet letter pages page order book write page clean sheet write fourth page remember abbreviations rsvp formal announcement invitation widely business personal letters addresses envelope letter important envelope letter addressed correctly envelope addresses return address person sending letter upper lefthand corner envelope title sender return address left receiver moved letter lost main address belongs person receive letter note place sample envelope
linking verbs comparisons comparison reflects detailed information subject decision buy comparison helps decide comparison note similarities differences comparison examines features things compare paint bikes store paint called point comparison bike coats rustproof sealer bike coat paint compared bikes show difference feature affect decision wanted buy bike paragraph comparison topic sentence states things compared comparison developed key words key words alert reader similarity contrast read paragraph topic sentence states compared key words develop paragraph underlined lot think buy shirt put charge comparing shirt brands seventh grade planned sell shirts looked alike white red trim lettering felt similar soft touch material shirt cotton blend hand cotton shirt shrink hot water blend preshrunk hand shirt blend fast dye red dye run white shirt carefully washed cotton shirt non run color
misha wrote comparison class contest imagine judges contest read discuss misha entry give vote feet mind thought feet wanted bothered didn trip step sneakers fit wore gym class star volleyball player run leap turn dime strange happened summer feet changed look ten toes scar stepping bottle cap decorates heel hand re feet longer obey want feet didn hurt collect blisters adding week rarely tripped feet stumble small crack floor night left foot landed sister claimed broke toe thing mom thinks bought wrong size sneakers mere months ago fit toes poking side leone say natural gym says try harder couldn tell feet look similar difference feet don run walk fact try jump foot standing top aunt sophie says things change honor poison ivy
reasons dividing written paragraphs helps writer organize related thoughts ideas units helps reader understand ideas hard read understand writing organized paragraph group sentences express idea idea told sentence topic sentence sentences details relate add topic sentence details needed topic clear topic sentence paragraph placement depends information organized topic sentence general statement introduces paragraph specific details support hand details introduce paragraph end topic sentence general statement tie paragraph unity coherence unity sentences relate topic coherence sentence flows details need arranged thoughts move smoothly arranged order importance beginning topic sentence important detail topic sentence end follow important detail read paragraph discuss questions follow sharp word command galvanized horse action muscles swelled grew firm backed slightly lowered head doubling harness lunged half falling knees straining forward throwing weight collar
companies receive hundreds business letters receivers want waste reading letters sure prompt answer letter point plan want say clear concise read narrative describes situation call business letter complaint tells happened earlene tent details describing basic problem package addressed earlene kipp yesterday opened red white striped tent alongside folded tent white poles wrapped foam sheets bottom box blue green gold felt banner sheet instructions aunt hannah helped put tent backyard looked perfect banner friends graduation party tent card table set punch bowl orange pineapple punch table peanut butter squares sandwiches side tent guitar started play music dance ate soon started rain couldn tell getting cloudy tent rained hard saw rain coming tent hole tent rain fell punch bowl punch turned cloudy drink bowl filled higher higher rainwater overflowed plate sandwiches bread soggy
arrived grandmother house taxi usual suitcases pillow coin collection doorman helped suitcases helped held elevator button door wouldn close loaded grandmother maid let younger fatter maid told unpack grandmother home shortly grandmother goes don pretty grandmother pets don grandmothers stay mother father abroad send postcards friend clarence opposite eiffels coliseums mother father touched save postcards think nice finished unpacking wondering grandmother didn wait grandchild named lewis lewis husbands grandfather grandmother home kitchen maid believed eating meals maid hello lewis grandmother hello grandmother replied talk plain talk grandmother leaned kiss cheek adores slobbering likes ready asked soon girdle high heels answered
phantom helen keller child stood doorway sensing excitement arrival felt vibration strange footstep porch footstep coming closer strangers enemies bent head charged newcomer newcomer fell footsteps stranger tried put arms helen drove miss sullivan embrace kicks punches discovered stranger bag grabbed bag darted house mother caught tried bag fought knew mother give mother gave anne sullivan encouraged bag carry stairs soon trunk brought room helen flung exploring lid fingers found lock miss sullivan gave key allowed unlock lift lid helen plunged hands contents feeling newcomer lifted doll trunk laid helen arms strange held helen hands palm formed curious figures fingers held thumb middle finger index finger stood upright formed circle joining thumb finger finally spread thumb index finger sudden wild leap helen darted door stranger caught hold brought forcing chair
thing wilted visibly spots turned dark blue elaine couldn bear depressed mind kindly love spots turned pinkish orange began bouncing sibyl leaped began chasing elaine giggled began door opened stout overworked nanny panting re wanted downstairs highness frowning sorts sleepless nights narsty cross wanting claims refuses behave proper princess don lack trying saw elaine left nanny grumbling trotted winding stone steps sibyl thing heels king queen turned sternly problem daughter entered hall elaine thrupplethwaite says interrupted gray bearded waving arms wiv thing shame want minute gave protested elaine bumping studying science thing exclaimed parents grief elaine give minute elaine sighed science changed mind wot muttered study wivout dratted thing tis distracting silence going sorcerer scientist scope fewer rules wants thing home wiv wot wants
cipher based system system matter changing order letters words substituting letters words according plan substituted letters words letters words numbers symbols morse code sending telegrams cipher code substitutes alphabet dots dashes letters ordinary alphabet code substitutions code signs sounds numbers letters words stand words sentences complete thoughts rarely code substitutions single letters cipher stands letter code word sentence message code based plan enables want code simple memorize memorize zip code number stands area post office memorize telephone area code number secret knock clubhouse door code semaphore flag signals cipher indian smoke signals african drumbeats memorized codes lengthy complicated memorizes help code book code book foreign language dictionary alphabetical list words sentences expressed code code word symbol
hunns middletown kind hunns camden harriet breakfasted slept arose message thomas garrett telling expect wilmington river jersey miles pennsylvania border closely guarded medieval fortress bridges roads leading city patrolled harriet need escort guide garrett house unfortunately thee john hunn frowned friend garrett hauled court castle convicted dreadful crime sheltering runaway mother children carriage front thomas house signal army constables door thee walk road thee comes wilmington bridge hill overlooking river thee graveyard hide headstones conductor comes thee say bring ticket railroad lap twenty mile journey wilmington john hunn carriage country slave catchers cautioned left reward thee look sharp friendly handclasp headed home harriet fourth night road weary sing thick clouds hid friendly north star plodded past fields barns past creeks towns wishing end journey leaving castle sleeping spells overtook awakened hear horse whinny group mounted feet
paul pulled thin flexible metal strip powdered dots bard memory cylinder bet capacity stories trillion going paul quavered niccolo give vocabulary easy book daugherty gave school paul pulled book pocket pried till plastic jacket unreeled tape bit ran vocalizer turned whisper bard vitals attachments book talk bard put memory tape boy re dope book computers automation bard information stop talking kings making lightning frown niccolo guy wins anyway excitement paul watching setup working properly bards guy win bad guys lose things heard father talking says censorship telling younger generation says bad working fine paul brushed hands turned bard listen didn tell idea thing heard bet figured sure paul sure okay daugherty school
moderately high altitude arid country steep eastern side sierra nevada reached likely camp spot night brush small trees site perished spot level stream trickling side water pure zebrina tested sight splashing gleaming presunset glow refreshing choice road nonexistent showing signs fatigue think squad zeb front seat mind stop want dictator dark soon reasonable spot tell truth tuckered patrick thought seeing shadows large thickly lashed eyes admit course ordinary circumstances let drive hours stretch knew trying prove strength want interfere looks sylvie crisp orange brown costume lost freshness longer cared knobs half asleep rear mumbled tired ridin saw stream lookit real live water wadin lester closed book reading revolutionary ideas mankind firewood help save fuel cooking fay think aunt zeb think zeb answered
african soldiers part hernando cortez small army invaded mexico marched northward aztec cities interior marveled temples gardens lagoons montezuma city high mexican plateau helped loot wealth city spain cortez soldiers brought things mexico brought christian religion brought animal hitherto unknown horse negro soldier army cortez found grains wheat rice rations decided plant according legend unknown soldier tended reaped crop wheat grown thirty africans vasco nunez de balboa built rude fleet ships sail isthmus panama helped hack jungle narrow part isthmus spaniards indians gazed vast ocean pacific francisco pizarro counted negroes soldiers small army hundred marched army andes south america outwit conquer army incas later conquest assassinated conspirators loyal negro soldiers carried pizarro body cathedral built incan city died helped bury spanish leaders officials wrote histories reports expeditions naturally tended write achievements ignore help
remember rules paul revere gang boys society club chance decide club run boston boys didn idea heads ordinary boys brought heard manage group working club blown bang tried dreamed american fathers mothers grandparents taught boys idea didn invent settlers brought england sort idea foundation english law english law clearly written understood english share deciding governed thousands englishmen share king party top english politics dead set letting vote home england let thousands miles colonies wasn george french king austrian emperor kings dukes germany held tight power belief growing england strongly france parts europe government job orders coming top country country idea boiling rulers sat lid teakettle blew
easily acquainted constellations north pole sky striking called bear ursa major stars form big dipper look carefully star bend handle mizar fainter companion alcor stars named ago arab astronomers finding alcor considered sign eyesight today alcor easy brighter look mizar telescope discover single star pair naked eye close pole star north star located sighting stars opposite handle dipper pole star belongs constellation dipper star handle astronomical dipper ursa minor bear legend tells bears sky hera wife god zeus jealous beautiful nymph callisto changed bear callisto son met bear woods knowing mother lifted knife attack zeus turned boy bear mother sky constellation named draco dragon winds bears swings curve bear opposite side pole star big bear constellation cassiopeia named legendary queen stars form letter depending look
tons material space fall earth ends fine dust drifts atmosphere material size sand grains pebbles occasionally chunks rock metal size houses small mountains crash planet explosive force largest outer space visitor display ahnighito meteorite chunk metal weighing thirty tons permanent exhibit american museum hayden planetarium larger south africa material happens small space mountain plummets convenience talk big stuff stuff let big stuff planets mars jupiter belt debris orbiting sun planets debris called asteroids astronomers suggested planet occupied orbit mars jupiter broken jupiter gravitational attraction astronomers suspect original matter occupying region solar system collected planet body solar system formed reason telescopic photographs asteroid belt show chunks matter fifty miles hundred miles safely say millions millions asteroids miles yards inches edge edge date astronomers worked orbits asteroids planets close asteroid belt jupiter mars earth moon collide asteroids
imagine ant forest countless trees imagine ant trying figure shape forest ridiculous hopeless impossible solved problem exactly order figured shape size gigantic star city live galaxy call vast realm space thousand million galaxies think nearly sky ball slightly flattened ball galaxy galaxy tremendous pancake thicker center edges inside pancake center dust edge important thing milky milky galaxy inside fact find luminous band stars dividing sky exactly half tells halfway top bottom pancake size pancake tremendous harder picture distance stars galaxy light live light center edge pancake thinner edge drops pancake stars dust gases million stars pancake dim band call milky
timothy crack ead takes days opened trap raft pull water keg tin biscuits chocolate squares dry matches sat feeling dizzy allowed half cup water hard biscuits fed stew cat wedge leftover flying fish ate silence light crept steadily smooth oily sea wind died sun beginning scorch timothy chewed slowly half biscuit today young bahss schooner pass bet jum dat hope tink providencia san andres looked hard timothy islands nodded looking film haze separating rubbed eyes opened haze glanced red ball sun clear horizon dim think wrong eyes timothy warn look direct sun yestiddy yes looked sun today timothy eben look glare bad setting triangles shelter took clothes draped pants shirt shelter pain head unbearable remember moaning timothy tore piece shirt shelter roof soaked fresh water eyes
feeling timothy holding tone voice heard father talk times didn want tell grandfather die car ran dog virginia course times happened younger father honest thought end wished timothy honest walk cay saying minutes stew cat wandered called exploring realizing beach frightened knew helpless timothy began calling stew cat didn return began shouting timothy answer wondered fallen hurt began crawl beach ran head clump low hanging brush sat batting gnats buzzing face brushed arm yelled terror heard meow knew stew cat reached held tight heard brush crackling sang timothy yes young bahss called distance closer harshly leave don leave laughed dere nothin fear ere walked roun islan dere nothin sea grape sand lil lizzard dose palm tree
seventh night island rained tropical storms comes swiftly warning asleep palm mats awakened immediately rain sounded bullets hitting dried palm frond roof ran shouting letting fresh water hit bodies cool felt timothy yelled catchment working boards top raft large trough catch rain picked bamboo lengths beach fitted short pipe funnel rainwater ten gallon keg rained hours timothy angry making catchment keg soon filled overflowing stayed cool rain twenty thirty minutes inside roof leaked badly didn mind mats opened mouths sweet fresh water stew cat huddled miserable ball corner timothy enjoying liked rain hear feel peppered bursts frond roof hear drips leaked squall wind tops palms imagine looked night sky thrashing high cay wanted rain night talked rain began slack timothy asked mother father
rachel stood barefoot damp sand water edge chanted star light star bright star tonight wish wish wish wish tonight group sprawled campfire looked nighttime sky sparks showered larry stirred fire stick leaning driftwood log bill strummed guitar flames soared higher casting flickering shadows gathering dusk suddenly rachel pointed upward blue black eastern sky star tonight cried wish wish granted larry campfire star wished planet mars maybe listen big expert wendi scoffed jupiter biggest planet bright cares rachel look beautiful makes wonder waved hand sky continued mean space stars trillions trillions miles stars wendi chimed wrong wendi larry don stars light traveled space maybe thousand million light re seeing stars light tells stars kathy sort machine wow look stars bill read trillions stars suppose end rachel asked brushing hair eyes
imagine crowd ball game theatre beach figure look sorts big women ages infants youngsters middle aged astronomers studied crowds stars space found combinations sizes colors surface temperatures luminosities stars found evidence suggests stars change periods astronomers describe sun yellow star average size luminosity surface temperature believe sun billion middle aged star stars north star twinkling sky exactly month month seen friends learned experiences friends astronomers learned stories stars stars born swirling clouds gas dust billowing space cloud figure clouds ghostly masses blot heavy fog gravitational force pulls masses gas dust clouds places space gravitational force attraction pulls things experience gravitation pencil falls floor let gravitation brings pole vaulter earth makes hard learn ride bike particles dust cloud attract gravitation
stars grouped galaxies galaxies related astronomers found galaxies form groups clusters figure nearby galaxies found called local group galaxies milky magellanic clouds andromeda galaxy belong group magellanic clouds nearby galaxies visible southern hemisphere closest galaxies milky distances light local group galaxies blob space million light diameter kilometers italian astronomy student recently found faint hazy patches photographs making part milky photographs infrared light coming hazy patches infrared light longer wavelength visible light largest patch named maffei italian student giant elliptical galaxy shaped squashed ball shown figure dust milky galaxy maffei galaxy infrared rays maffei galaxy thought million light edge local group nearly large milky galaxy andromeda galaxy billion times massive sun galaxies cluster local group group hercules shown figure clusters thousand galaxies galaxies cluster separated distances million light
earth moon models section show path moon earth saw shape moon sky changed position sun model model showing moon phases model show exact shape moon path earth moon path circular earth model moon path elliptical paths bodies solar system moon path kind squashed circle section moon closest approach earth km earth greatest distance moon km earth moon path circular distance earth moon average distance elliptical orbit km model section didn move earth moved moon don forget earth moves elliptical orbit sun moon moves elliptical orbit earth suppose earth earth moon looking model paths earth moon look position scratch groove middle soft wood board running point compass meterstick board groove deep compass point won jump put point compass groove end board
apollo astronauts explored moon surface brought lunar rocks comparison lunar earth landscapes figure astronauts walk easily lunar soil fine soil earth moon soil living things mixture rocky glassy particles fragments soil loose surface packed tightly solid rocks depths meters lunar soil metal particles iron nickel remains meteorites fragments solid rocks igneous kind rocks heated melted lava rocks volcanoes earth figure lunar rocks soils billion older rocks found earth surface moon surface covered craters small meter holes tens kilometers diameter blasted meteorites large small meteorites blasted holes melted rocks glass showered chunks rocks clouds dust small fragments rocks lunar soil pitted holes tiny meteorites large areas melted igneous rock spread plains flowed beneath moon crust rock melted inside moon flowed cracks blown volcanoes melted heat large meteorites colliding moon water wind break rocks earth carry rock pieces place
scientists models oceans order learn happenings model edge ocean reveal important clearly pour liters water sloping roller paint tray sprinkle sand cover bottom smooth sand beach upper end tray edge ocean shown figure arrange light stand directly tray tray window light needed hold dowel nail middle put water deep end ocean small waves jiggling dowel slowly waves moving tray crests troughs moving side tray refer figure waves shadows bottom notice waves roll beach part water flows making tiny returning waves watch sand move waves covering big waves beach wears gradually sand carried deeper water shape beach begin compare beach figure build breakwater peninsula sand bay waves watch effect obstacle motion action waves average depth water ocean calculate follows obtain area ocean surface square centimeters multiplying length beach times width centimeters
cyclones eddies winds flow center low atmospheric pressure section rotate counterclockwise northern hemisphere clockwise southern hemisphere warm cold air meet front storms produced storms mild light winds rains violent violent storm experienced thunderstorm thunderstorms local weather disturbances strong convection currents rise rapidly heights water vapor cloud carried upward condenses freezes quickly lightning strokes zip cloud cloud cloud earth heated lightning air expands explodes bursts thunder columns rain hail pour earth nowadays radar photographs figure spot heavy rainstorms thunderstorms km weather forecasters warn storm coming kind local storm tornado violently spinning column air hanging thunder cloud funnel shaped columns tornadoes winds whirling km hour currents air stream upwards km hour waterspouts tornadoes form bodies water types tornado shown figure violent storms form oceans equator photographs look cyclones energy larger call hurricanes form atlantic typhoons form pacific atlantic ocean travel westward northward paths devastating land fury
minerals dissolve water act cement cements hard recognize simple test dilute hydrochloric acid help identify cement easily caution careful spill acid wash spills plenty water put drops acid sandstone examined earlier happens acid working sand cement makes think want leave small piece rock acid overnight sure left morning put drops acid dry clamshell clamshells dissolve water water give chemical calcium carbonate water carrying calcium carbonate evaporates chemical shells left hardened calcium carbonate mineral calcite pure limestone marble calcite calcite left particles sediment forms cement holds particles cementing shown figure acid dissolve cement sediment particles dissolve acid pile sand left chemicals solution sediment sediment dissolved chemicals table salt sugar baking soda food coloring stand minerals dissolve grams solid pan clean water add drop food coloring mix set solution evaporate overnight test hardness model sediment left water pan evaporated
imagine bubbly soda pop look suddenly frozen try imagine glob foam bottle shaken soda pop look suddenly frozen solid hardening molten rock simply freezing liquid figure shows bubbly foamy lava froze hardened quickly rock samples look mental picture frozen soda pop samples scoria pumice rocks frozen foam volcano school samples real volcanic rock teacher show notice light pumice float water gases trapped inside pumice crystals officially glass look figure notice glassy appearance obsidian find crystals obsidian flying chunks rock hot lava violent explosions features volcano dangerous poisonous gases steam melted rock destroy property poisonous gases leave lava heavier air stay close ground flow valleys cellars fill deadly gases push breathable air lighter weight gas flow seen animals trapped suffocated plants die steam volcano lighter air rises steam condense dust particles thrown volcano remember section dust particles act cloud starters
glacier moves rocks frozen lower part ice cut scratch pieces bedrock material added glacier pieces edge ice frozen glacier load carried glacier grows moves pieces rock loosened weathering walls glacier fall glacier edge piling talus rock carried moving ice material shows dark bands surface glacier figure front edge glacier act bulldozer wheelbarrow piles rock soil built front glaciers glacier reaches warmer climate ice melts summer formed winter ice drops load water melting ice carries rock fragments farther grinding scraping shoving land involved model glacial valley stream table start making model stream valley represent land glacier passes break ice milk jug pile crushed ice upper end valley pack look glacier cracks lumps model happens real glacier pushed twists turns real valley model material picked glacier valley sprinkle sand mixed gravel sides front ice mass
determines velocity stream find answer smooth sand stream table cut fresh straight channel measure change stream velocity change angle stream bed students figure place markers stream source mouth pencils sticks markers measure angle stream table record measurement data table notebook experiment person start pouring water jar sure start amount water jar later water flowed end table person squirt food coloring marker person takes food coloring markers soon measurement stop pouring water immediately stream bed measurement record measurement angle measurement notebook move markers raise end table degrees record stream table angle experiment record repeat lifting pouring times graph data water cover distance markers increased angle find stream reach angle velocity increased strange real streams behave
erosion constantly wearing continents expect layers sediment sea floor thick machines built measure thickness layers machine draws sediment pipe drives pipe sea floor hooking vacuum cleaner straw driving straw ground driving suction place rate operation disturb layering sediment pipe brings sample sea floor materials called core pipe split open thickness sediment layers core measured samples examined figure method determining thickness sediment layers echoes experience materials absorb sound brick walls bounce sound cork walls absorb sound room quiet sound absorbed easily soft sediment solid rock explosive charges set sea machine records charge microphones pick echoes explosion bottom echoes arrive times depending deep sound traveled bouncing figure shows section chart echo machine recorded information sea floor top pile sediment shows clearly differences types sediments show degrees blackness tracing sound sediment eventually reaches rock bottom sea floor
asked custodian forget clean classroom beginning section imagined happen things happen plan mess bother mess encourage add mess mess problems mess spread areas building mixed ness taking equilibrium upset happen custodian forgot clean classroom weeks cooperation school custodian lived middle pollution seen unexpected things happen environment pollution worse pollution caused unexpected things happen past living caesar rome poisoned knowing added lead salts cosmetics believed lead cosmetics lined cooking pots wine jars lead lead things taste lined rainwater collectors lead easy bend shape slowly roman leaders rich afford expensive lead died lead poisoning scientists say lead poisoning helped fall rome romans known lead pollution history today air pollution starting change environment scientists feel think things happen earth climate recognize solve air pollution problems part pollutants adding air carbon dioxide
sun earth important thing common tiny particles called atoms large atoms think drop water drop large earth atom size tennis ball atoms smaller parts parts atoms called elementary particles atoms kinds elementary particles main elementary particles protons neutrons electrons protons neutrons located central part atom called atomic nucleus electrons move nucleus speeds imagine cloud blur times wider nucleus hides atoms turn percent empty space space electrons travel kinds atoms smell consists kinds kind atom material material called element elements names symbols short names symbol oxygen symbol hydrogen atoms elements differ number elementary particles hydrogen proton electron atom oxygen protons electrons neutrons atom atom uranium protons electrons neutrons atomic number element number protons nucleus element element atomic number atomic mass element total number elementary particles nucleus
noontime clocks set meridian zone located noon sun highest sky called noon local sun sun highest crosses meridian runs directly north south town exactly watch appendix figure shows makes difference local sun zone center zone won difference local sun noon zone live edge zone difference minutes predict infer local sun differs zone clock let sun check prediction look exact longitude large scale map area find difference degrees longitude longitude zone meridian sets regular figure sun takes hour move degrees minutes move degree multiply number degrees distance zone meridian minutes give total difference local sun zone live east zone meridian subtract difference noon live west zone meridian add difference noon prediction sun cross local meridian check prediction noon sun shining
found lizard egg tiny white round brought home held hand took nap hammock tickle tickle woke wriggle wriggle alive hand opened palm lay pieces egg shell tiny shiny lizard staring father looked heat hand hatch sister looked darling give mine started walk afraid run scampered arm feet tiniest tickle felt skin looked eyes ran sleeve shoulder bare neck chin give eat wondered father comes eat don choice father thinks mother mother boy father laughed thinks mother stay sister started singing jamie mo ther jamie mo ther tried study lessons school couldn baby lizard starting eat sat bare knee watching watching sand fly bite small barely baby lizard jumped caught chew chew chew gulp swallowed bug
gray city taipei busy street ho ping lived girl named hai yin precious lion beauty parlor door won chuan ham works hai yin lived mother father baby sister mei mei older brother wu hai yin born dragon father proudly hai yin dragon girl taiwan born dragon luckiest dragon girl fine thing hai yin liked think brother wu someday going famous wu laughed going famous meo gwanshi mind dragon clever wise hai yin boastfully think daydreamer wu loudly imagining things going daydreaming dragon hai yin face turned red daydreamer show wu silly daydreamer thought find famous hai yin ran steps precious lion beauty parlor ho ping street saw friend kung fortune teller surrounded charts faces heads hands hai yin walking dragon flies today mind kung tell famous asked hai yin kung examined hai yin face measured forehead consulted charts high forehead means intelligence
santiago mother called hallway answer santiago roman answer mother walked parlor sat santiago staring light stereoscope calling santiago hear looking picture selina grandmother selina selina morning noon night speak left puerto rico hear talk think york put stereoscope breakfast late school santiago gave picture quick look put stereoscope table large carved gourd slowly mother kitchen stereoscope school mama gave idea don allow house want children selina talk hen school finish breakfast santiago silly ideas santiago mother handed paper bag lunch permission slip signed eat lunch river santiago ate breakfast picked lunch slip waited mother pocketbook wished stereoscope school show selina ernie especially ernie children class ernie didn believe selina real wanted ernie believe selina let mother school block corner lived hurried corner wait green light crossing
kathi wanted detective notebook pencil clue bag important clues didn case deadeye detective club lots cases don bother ben theodore lost len theodore asked kathi re looking clues henry help look kathi detective ben lost henry ben len henry slammed clubhouse door bang kathi wanted detective notebook pencil didn notes clue bag didn clues needed case sat front steps sighed going find case solve measles sat measles looked sad trouble big bad trouble kathi thing deadeye detective club talk cats wise hash san taught kind trouble measles browns going give wailed dumb bird thought liked kathi thought max pals max measles tiny flew window tuesday brought big bad trouble big asked kathi bad browns think knock cage measles open door scare browns think asked kathi happens measles kathi re asleep wailed measles
dinner browns red brick house idaville dinner homes browns broke bread broke crimes brown chief police thought brains idaville wonderful record law order guessed truth chief brown success child ten encyclopedia chief brown brought home hardest cases encyclopedia solved eating dinner begun secretly helping father crook escaped arrest child ducking law chief brown liked pin medal encyclopedia son solved case believe real mastermind idaville crime cleanup grader encyclopedia couldn stood medals getting flat feet chief brown encyclopedia let slip word help gave father want boys nickname parents teachers called leroy called encyclopedia encyclopedia book set books full facts encyclopedia brain reading town pals turned cartwheel head sounded bookcase falling encyclopedia helped father solve mysteries dinner table summer helped children neighborhood school let opened detective agency garage morning hung sign
heart bugs meany filled longing knock encyclopedia detective flatter elephant foot bugs hated outsmarted boy detective felt throwing punch remembered sally kimball sally prettiest girl grade wasn face bugs remembered fists sally boy fourteen dreamed outfought bugs meany bugs told sally hit lucky punches believed story bugs thought hit milk truck sally bugs bullied encyclopedia sally detective partner bugs hates hates encyclopedia partners sat brown detective agency afternoon sure try sally agreed thermometer hottest africa duke kelly bugs meany tigers entered garage put twenty cents gasoline bugs wants wants hire gasped sally wants judo show afternoon duke twenty cents pay encyclopedia sally exchanged questioning glances judo show starts clock junior high school gym duke judo encyclopedia repeated half gentle art defense judo art opponent strength duke departed grinning slyly bugs sleeve elbow encyclopedia thoughtfully curious sally
ago found numbers numerals number signs worked abacus word abacus comes latin word abax means tablet early abacus drawing lines sand pebbles lines pebbles show hundred thirty suppose traders camels wanted buy camels set pebbles showed put pebbles line pebbles line tens line hundreds put pebble camels camels camels traders sell left find took pebbles line pebbles line tens camels left kind abacus rows colored beads beads moved rods abacus working numbers numbers handy help save numbers tell fast tall numbers bake cake play game score engineers numbers build bridge design jet find height mountain moon measuring shadow idea numbers goes end
going ocean boat triangular red flag telling strong winds beginning blow miles hour triangular red flags stick means winds stronger miles hour stay shore square red flag flying boat means boat trouble needs help similar red flag end truck means danger stay skating rink means danger thin ice course flag sign sign united states white stars blue stand states red white stripes stand original colonies independent country flag wasn flags begin popular ago colorful emblems signs war ancient times soldiers wore armor battle looked alike order recognize side side carried flag knights special flags helped identify soldiers battle modern nations began develop ago separate flags disappeared country chose flag today national flags story reason flag canada independent england canadian government chose flag maple leaf national symbol canada
benny friend chico guessing snow home school washington boulevard west park thirty street looks ready let loose chico observed hopefully face lifted heavy gray sky bulging low tall city buildings inches school benny reminded kicking shoe piece hard ice left week snow sugar sprinkling flecked red brick sidewalk reached block sycamore avenue thirty stopped front altmann delicatessen corner wedged hard narrow angled streets mrs altmann spying window tapped bony finger glass beckoning urgently wonder mrs altmann wants benny looking frantically gesturing woman pretty important thought chico maybe sure agreed benny inside warm store smelling pleasantly cheese pickles boys rested school books counter listened mrs altmann hasty explanation quickly boys saying holding ring keys benny taller need things empty otto flu bad storm coming short things handed benny penciled list keys think find empty sure benny assured helped altmann lots times easier mrs altmann cold weather don groceries empty stuff won freeze
katherine leather punch hole gunbelt wouldn fall fit half oliver house remembered wasn anyway dougie sitting front step crying mrs foxtail wasn town matter dougie looked mournful eyes rooster dead straw wasn fair dougie rooster dead kid dougie ask happened wiped face sleeve nose runny gave tissue buffalo ghost took dougie buffalo ghost eyes round yes marianne don say didn argue put arm sorry dougie leaned head shoulder tried think comfort want feed osprey oliver sure saying look cheered hauled couple fish put backpack coolish sunny thin plume smoke ranger cabin woods fall pretty soon wondered stay real winter oliver talked heavy snow looks trees says snow covered frost silver
clay found hulk half buried sands dug read faded letters stern calypso summer hastened beach breakfast wreck clean sand sides dream making seaworthy morning arriving beach saw boy head looking inside calypso stranger boat clay ran forward furiously challenge newcomer paul claimed boat found clay insisted begun claim younger boy hated tried improve condition calypso gradually hatred gave grudging tolerance saw contribute achieve separately impossible tolerance turned friendship summer sped practice sailing calypso nearby pond boy found hard imagine sailing practice sail ready open sea objective island opposite shore beckoning weeks morning set reaching island mishap explore noticed sky overcast wind rising smell rain clay wind blew gusty damp cold body shivered mon paul ran calypso awaited sand
central park learned toy sailboats steered mouse sailor suit running soon shores pond crowded policeman headquarters announce stop pushing york push excited person boy owned lillian womrath fat sulky boy twelve named leroy wore blue serge suit white necktie stained orange juice called stuart boat want steer boat pay dollars week thursday afternoon radio room thank kind offer replied stuart happy aboard wasp happier thathe spun wheel smartly headed schooner starting line leroy turning boat poking stick ready start race referee bright green suit wasp ready ready sir shouted stuart touching hat lillian womrath ready asked referee sure ready leroy north end pond shouted referee mark set cried shore cried owner wasp yelled policeman
boats feet accident happened shore pushing harder harder eagerness sport didn mean pushed policeman hard pushed concrete wall pond hit water sitting position wet clear button jacket soaked policeman big heavy eaten big heavy meal wave curling outward cresting billowing upsetting manner small craft causing owner boat pond scream delight consternation stuart saw wave approaching jumped rigging late towering wasp mountain wave crashing piling deck caught stuart swept side water supposed drown stuart intention drowning kicked hard feet thrashed hard tail minute climbed aboard schooner cold wet unharmed took place helm hear cheering calling atta mouse stuart atta mouse looked saw wave capsized lillian womrath righted sailing course close stayed close alongside till boats reached north end pond stuart put wasp leroy turned lillian stick boats finish line
waving arms stuart ran forward fired gun heard voices shore voice owner wasp yelling directions telling stuart stuart jib staysail stuart jumped halyards jib forestaysail rippling cut paper bags roared owner stuart whipped pocketknife slashed bravely soggy bag deck cleared foresail give full screamed owner wasp stuart grabbed foresail boom pulled slowly schooner paid began gather headway heeled breeze rolled rail lillian nose shook free stood southard loud cheer bank stuart sprang wheel answered looked joy perceived lillian wild direction yawing pond straight true sailed wasp stuart helm crossed finish line stuart brought alongside wall ashore highly praised fine seamanship daring owner delighted happiest introduced stuart private dr paul carey surgeon dentist model boats hobby delighted stuart command vessel shook hands stuart policeman wet mad shake hands mouse
days gods lived greece king named acrisios rich powerful unhappy oracle foretoldthat king acrisios killed grandson oracle acrisios grandson beautiful daughter named danae lovely sought hand marriage possibility acrisios someday grandson real frightened king took steps prevent built strong tower brass poor danae shut inside waiting women allowed cruel fate danae unhappy dared attendants guards afraid king allow visit zeus ruler gods sees things saw danae tower beautiful zeus fell love resolving wife easy march door demand admittance plan happened danae sat melancholy chamber top tower saw air thick kind mist soon mist grew soft flakes gold golden snow fell room flakes gathered solid shape saw standing thought noble young body covered bright clothing shone gold
days greece settled cecrops king attica attica rugged country mainly goat farming breeding honey bees land surrounded sides sea cecrops planned city city built steep rock rose plain miles inland shore fine harbors spread rich soil watered streams gods interested lived approved idea cecrops gave city blessing knowing famous cities reason dispute gods special patron claims put forward god arguing clear patron athene goddess wisdom sea god poseidon gods decided contest produce marvel attic land promise gift city greater gift win city appointed judges ranged rock gods say twelve judges chosen spirits attic hills rivers say twelve olympian gods side stood poseidon flowing dark blue beard royal height hand carried pronged trident rules waves side stood athene gray eyed serene wore helmet golden head carried spear hand
allfather odin traveling loki honer desolate wastes discover eat let valley ahead loki pasture looks green river find deer oxen shade oaks replied odin means let gods turned steps valley midsummer sun height bees buzzed heath flowers rabbits kicked heels fled safer patch grass skylarks overhead filled air loud music feed stay hungry grumbled loki asgard live true gods empty hot feet sore journeys odin smiled learn earth replied ride clouds fly wings birds travel yard yard stone stone remember hills sandy soil sparse yellow flowers dried pines green valley muttered loki memory spared dusty hot travelers entered valley summer evening drawing paused drink river linger faint hunger grass softer feet beneath spreading oaks killed ox busied preparing meal pile dry branches collected ox cut water fetched thrown pot gods sit feet backs trunk tree
rocky bank small swift stream bottom canyon cliff rose straight wall nearly hundred feet sky sixty feet rimrock top shelf thrust empty air ten feet ran face twenty end cave feet wide deep person kneeling move cave shelf wide view canyon lower ridge side colorado plain fading haze east middle shelf golden eagle nest crisscrossed sticks brush covered gray green moss blended gray rock cliff face young eagles nest larger female larger brother manner birds prey ready fly crown hackle feathers male head dark grow paler matured female dark gold gleamed sun quiet lying nest presently female call kira began grow restless stood bowed bright head stretched foot wings folded looked brother decided bedevil knew roughly handled
actually started building common house hear cold ring axes carried clearly winter air thick solid sound tree hits earth women save usual tasks feeling progress infects board night weary nigh stagger bolted food sit hours talking plans father constantly working lifts logs move heaving place sawpit cut thick planks building elizabeth says catch fearful chills care heavy puts sweating rest period stand bitter cold gather round fire burning faces freezing backs truth christopher martin confessed tonight felt unwell think malingering deposed governorship start journey william brewster followers times vexatious finding fault decide malingering fearful cough sailors call scurvy say seen step hammocks announcing health walk feet fall dead disease dr fuller bloodletting remedies juice thyme claims excellent irritations chest dying stomach churns fear
war newly declared united states america britain james forten listening declaration streets philadelphia meant hurried delivering order groceries greatly changed james forten son free blacks city philadelphia bright willing lad school famous quaker teacher schooling ended father accidental death james support mother sister stopped reading hands stopped improving skill marbles marble game play large part boy future declaration government united states encouraged owners private vessels put service government fitted cannon supplies orders hunt british merchant ships armed sailing vessels called privateers american privateer captured enemy ship ship cargo american port sold money sale called prize money shared member crew captain drew largest share lowest ranking member crew drew smallest philadelphia leading city capital nation chief ports captured ships cargo prizes war brought sale hundreds gathered watch sales james forten
miss sprang poker faced principal announced dorothy chosen delegate spelling contest wasn surprised ridiculous moeback argue politics dad mistake dad agreed respect miss sprang closing freeman pocketing bifocals dorothy toozy strange mother toozy children bright remember miss sherk skipped wes eighth grade moeback recalled true toozys fast feet sort low cunning intelligence moeback pointed toozys fast feet exactly meant dorothy josephine practicing charleston soft shoe routines kiddies night regency theater wes supposed trio soon clear dancing talent splintered boards porch evidence practice session decided wes contribution act rendition wonder sally harmonica kashmiri song encore bring house mrs toozy luck contests fell date spelling event clock twenty miles nokomis kiddies affair scheduled ottowa fancy planning double practicing attend mrs toozy tackled problem moeback lost starting
morning citizens decided meet figure handle situation mother told night sue mrs genz angrily word genz city hall court thig wrog haddle goskie colds translated mrs genz simmered re simply snub meet won mrs krimmer mrs toozy knows snubbed mother didn approve decided voted plan started entire crest point especially nice toozys dorothy josephine wes teddy invited nearly birthday holiday party fall managed win prizes thanksgiving mrs genz presented mrs toozy fur scarf casually mentioned according josephine genz marriage continuing love match cross word set neighborhood hartmann margie fine stuffed turkey note advising mrs toozy mrs hartmann happy tune player piano liked phelps persuaded difficulty sue sprain suffered struck wes flexible flyer gift krimmers evening goskie corner mrs goskie told teddy choose pup litter arrived february
took toozys month dismantle living quarters emotional neighbor found difficult throw broken lamps handleless iron spiders ragged dr dentons umbrella blown inside corner mohawk storm saved toozy children baby shoes wrapped carefully tissue paper late toozy cabinet photograph spent entire morning poring battered album snapshots schoolmates fact slow dad finally alarmed organized crest party disgusted rout toozys bed started outraged mrs toozy sat mother deck chair complacently drinking orange pop labors felt worth genz saying hands light stood doorway snapping directions neighbors farewell aviator named lindbergh flew atlantic ship spirit st louis mrs toozy omen sides shined tin lizzie loaded crated chickens quilts ragbags flotsam jetsam gleamed glistened bright orange words spirit elmsville properly appreciative mrs genz favored mrs toozy smile looked hurt unexpected leave mrs toozy nearly speechless moment unfamiliar note wes gave crank final twist toozys waving vigorously extending numerous invitations visit
opportunities today person wants office career jobs include clerk receptionist stenographer secretary administrative assistant duties performed person holding job classifications identical duties performed person holding classification jobs tend vary shorthand duties overlap trend today call office workers secretaries assistants clerical assistants secretarial assistants office assistants assistant holds key position matter specialty law science medicine international trade assistant need assistant attain perfect skills program help develop skills attitudes enable top notch medical assistant skills needed climb top career ladder medical secretary position increasingly called medical assistant administrative proficient english punctuation grammar style pronunciation enunciation trained office routines telephone filing operating duplicating business machines assistant write routine business letters look sources information financial records order record office supplies knowledge field needs intelligence systematic working habits willingness care details person qualifications move ahead easily decided medical office assistants realize varied opportunities field
word order assistant works spouse relative friend family regardless degree familiarity assistant address doctor title advisable doctor call assistant conversation patients professional relationship exists theoretically difference patients doctor assistant married related rise gossip jealousies imagined slights air familiarity belong doctor office patients believe confidentiality betrayed doctor patient relationship suffer talking patient assistant refer doctor title dr taylor dr taylor present referring employer doctor doctor show proper respect doctor assistant realize medical information highly confidential nature professional secrecy standard law demands upholds doctor divulges information patient due authorization patient doctor prosecuted law doctor license revoked naturally applies person employed doctor office works doctor assumes personal obligation adhere code medical ethics employees learn deal personal affairs patients doctors alike topics conversation gossip medical histories patients yield confidential information regarding patients members families friends
general practitioners fixed office hours scheduled appointments patients seen order arrive physicians larger cities specialists rarely patients appointment arrangement appointments principal duties assistant efficiently intelligently important tasks appointments entered appointment book canceled appointments patient doctor appointments listed doctor reminded advance thing taking job find doctor schedule hours appointments patients doctor duty hospitals days hours office hours vary days find difficult appointments daytime doctors office hours late afternoon evening week doctors office hours especially true office alternately chart drawn show glance hours doctors office reached times office hours routine accomplished times patients office soon assistant assumes position doctor office program fit circumstances office
important tasks assistant collect patients fees maintain doctor books amount doctor charges procedures discuss fees patients handle cash payments itemize bills patients accounts handled differently office office accordance needs doctor practice newly employed assistant informed immediately doctor billing system system practical method suggested doctor agree change system handling patients accounts proved office seriously wrong financial arrangements surgeons apply practice limited office visits general rules doctor allow patient pay manner cash check subject doctor fee handled special attention understanding problems encountered doctor determine fees fair community profession doctor check local medical society doctors community establishing fees practice doctor consideration average prevailing rate area doctor develop fee schedule lists procedures doctor performs cost procedure fee schedule handy determining total cost patient visit posted easily accessible doctor assistant doctor adjust cost procedure need arises
effect collections assistant telephone patient tact experience obtain results patients evening calls call patient place business inquire unpaid bill call patient manner pleasant reflecting confidence problem solved ask discuss bill determine questions exist patient part elicit response cue rest conversation patient plead hardship launch complaints listen carefully say discuss matter doctor show irritation voice scolding patient simply want find patient paid answered collection inquires patient promises pay ask expect check note conversation management consultants advise strongly telephone technique doctor decide patient paid bill reasonable doctor ways attempting collection doctor sue patient court consuming costly procedure method collection agency turn delinquent account agency doctor approximately percent amount due lost account turned types collection agencies doctor investigate collection agency determine agency reputation
government regulations mandatory business including physician accurate records keeping accurate records doctor record transactions able prepare tax records determine practice operating profit loss doctor accounting cash basis accrual basis charges services recorded income payment received expenses recorded paid doctor operating cash basis accrual method income recorded earned payment received expenses recorded incurred records internal revenue service times source documents tax purposes assistant working knowledge tax regulations accounting process order responsible recording portion accounting type accounting system doctor depends factors size practice practice incorporated accountant employed matter system provide record daily earnings expenses total annual income expenses single entry system requires daily journal daysheet listing transaction patient ledger showing patient outstanding balance checkbook recording cash disbursements daily journal record fees charged payments received double entry accounting system shows sides transaction system involves recording transactions daily journal posting general ledger adjusting closing entries preparing financial statements
variety job opportunities awaits medical office worker chapter listed working environments medical assistant chapter discusses opportunities branches medical profession private practice hospital setting medical assistant basic understanding education required physician especially physician specialized field medicine order obtain license doctor fulfill educational requirements education include graduation high school college college degree frequently biology organic chemistry physics mathematics passing medical college admission test student spends medical school hospital devoted theory fourth student begins practical laboratory patients supervision physician instructor student receives medicinae doctor degree graduation order practice graduate obtain license requirements include internship hospital addition degree intern cares patients supervision resident attending physician helps emergencies assists operations performs duties doctors continue education abreast developments taking postgraduate training refresher courses professional states continuing education courses required license renewal doctor wishes specialist apply certification additional training approved residency program practice required assistant chooses doctor private practice variety job opportunities
doctor today methods testing patient order practice medicine medical examinations include laboratory tests tests reasons diagnostic aid general physical condition verify diagnosis guide treatment specimens obtained sources ears nose throat wounds rectum vagina consist bone marrow vomitus tissue urine blood spinal fluid feces sputum vaginal smears semen doctors laboratories small order routine examinations complicated tests instance rh test prothrombin fasting blood sugar fbs wassermann fully equipped laboratory required patients clinical hospital laboratory examinations assistant duty write address laboratory patient appointment doctor laboratory office educational training routine laboratory procedures obtained assistant perform tests office assistant specific training assistance collecting specimens preparing slides helping tests laboratory assistant realize importance absolutely accurate honest reliable responsibilities include explaining procedure patient obtaining specimen requested properly labeling specimen delivering testing specimen care handling needles instruments specimen contaminated material electrocardiograph instrument makes measure extremely fine currents heart muscle registering special paper record physician form opinion condition heart muscle functions nervous impulses
learned ropes office routine find initiative part earn promotion promising position chances promotion medical vary greatly accepted job pharmaceutical house succession lead receptionist stenographer executive secretary department supervisor doctor office chances promotion giving financial advancement doctor able rely absolutely assistant ability assume office responsibility assistant supervision doctor patients greater income appreciation expressed assistant salary increase wish grow job evaluate doctor interests practice specialty medical library look journals devoted specialty technical passages understand gradually learn vocabulary learn names pathological conditions treated specialty treatments procedures drugs recognize mentioned look definitions words ambition executive secretary group practice clinic familiar department organization basic operation offer help order learn aspects practice position open justified applying medical assistant clinical offer learn help examinations procedures
hand tools essential aspect carpentry variety tools required covers broad range activities carpenter skilled craftsman carefully selects kind type size tools suit personal requirements works tools important part helping perform speed accuracy tasks trade basic design common woodworking tools changed modern technology industrial resulted numerous improvements special tools developed specific jobs experienced carpenter appreciates importance tools selects accurately quality materials knows tools enable longer space detailed study selection care hand tools general description tools commonly carpenter included tools group illustrated fig tools handled considerable care clean high level accuracy maintained folding wood rule indispensable carpenters carry folding rule person times standard size rule ft equipped metal slide helpful making inside measurements tape rules range size ft handy tapes lengths ft longer framing square called rafter square especially designed carpenter varied
modern power tools greatly reduce required perform operations carpentry heavy sawing planing boring accomplished human energy proper tools correct high levels accuracy maintained general types power tools portable stationary portable tools light weight easily carried held hands operator operation stationary tools called machines mounted benches stands rest firmly floor brought machine contrast portable tool moved portable tools extensively nearly stage carpentry especially rough framing space unit permits description kinds power tools commonly carpentry supplemented woodworking textbooks reference books devoted power tool operation manufacturers bulletins operator manuals source information safety stressed continually operating power tool familiar works correct procedure follow wide awake alert operate power tool overly tired ill think operation performing going tool adjustments turning power sure blades cutters sharp correct type operating power tool allow attention distracted fig distract attention operating power tools safety guards position wear safety glasses
wood greatest natural resources cut pieces uniform thickness width length lumber material widely residential construction fig lumber designation products sawmill includes boards flooring sheathing paneling trim dimension lumber sills plates studs rafters framing members timbers posts beams heavy stringers numerous specialty items carpenter working knowledge lumber kinds grades sizes aspects apply selection fully appreciate understand important considerations area wood growth structure characteristics basic structure wood consists narrow tubes cells called fibers tracheids larger human hair length varies hardwoods approximately softwoods tiny strands cellulose walls cells held natural cement called lignin cellular structure makes drive nails screws wood accounts lightweight low heat transmission factors sound absorption qualities growing parts tree tips roots leaves layer cells inside bark called cambium water absorbed roots travels sapwood leaves fig combined carbon dioxide air miracle photosynthesis sunlight elements food carbohydrates carried parts tree cells formed cambium layer fig
wood plates fastened top foundation walls anchor bolts spaced ft concrete walls set place soon pour completed leveled anchor bolts set cores concrete block wall piece metal lath horizontal joint top wall hold grout mortar wall complete core filled bolt installed shown fig wall forms stripped days localities concrete blocks extensively foundation walls masonry construction standard weight block portland cement aggregates sand fine gravel crushed stone weighs lbs size lightweight units portland cement natural manufactured aggregates including volcanic cinders pumice foundry slag lightweight unit weighs lbs lower factor measurement heat flow heat transmission materials blocks comply specifications provided american society testing materials astm specifications grade load bearing unit requires compression strength equal lbs sq inch unit withstand lbs tons blocks classified solid hollow solid unit core area percent total cross sectional area blocks widths heights fig shows sizes shapes names
joist supported edge ends sawhorses desired cut joist center saw bind sides cut close bind saw compressing top joist suppose cut started underneath type cut saw bind fact sawing progresses opening saw larger lower part joist pulled stretched top joist compression bottom tension point stresses change point called neutral axis tension compression usual rectangular joist neutral axis assumed halfway top bottom variations quality lumber conditions shift axis slightly assumption accurate practical considerations compression tension neutral axis center piece obvious hole provided large fourth total depth joist effect strength weight effective producing bending center span weakness likely reduce strength joist beam center span considering previous principle precautions cutting joists observed holes cut joist close neutral axis limited fourth total depth material reduction strength result
story wall sections raised hand fig larger structures require crane equipment raising section sure correct location bracing hand ready applied section large check sufficient help worker knows raising frames sheathing applied fig practice install temporary diagonal brace assembly regular bracing included immediately wall section vertical position secure braces attached top running subfloor deg angle final adjustments position sole plate sure straight nail floor frame nails driven subfloor joists loosen braces carefully plumb corners mid point wall accomplished plumb line story construction carpenters level generally wall slightly warped straightedge fig section wall place proceed sections sequence needs carpenters prefer erect main side walls tie end walls smaller projections procedures determined individual project depending design construction methods fig shows building site wall construction progress wall frame complete partitions constructed erected goal stage construction enclose structure roof watertight partitions support ceiling roof bearing partitions installed
type strip shingle tab tab units shingles permit spacing variations previously square butt shingles begin application starter strip course inverted shingles shown fig course starts full unit course full unit half tab shown course applied lower edge tabs align exactly cutouts preceding course flashing chimney projects roof allow movement likely result settlement shrinkage building frame provide movement flashing divided parts base flashing secured roof deck cap flashing called counter flashing secured chimney base flashing applied shingles laid front face chimney complete lay cut lb mineral surfaced roofing front section flashing shown fig similar section cut saddle small auxiliary roof deck built chimney divert water side structure required chimney small located high roof ridge unit information cement front base flashing place cut apply side pieces shown base flashing chimney applied sections cemented applied alternate method applying base flashing shown fig
windows doors important part structure carpenter basic understanding types sizes standards construction able recognize quality materials fittings weather stripping finish appreciate importance careful installation units expert today windows doors fabricated large manufacturing plants shipped building site completed units ready installed openings structure woodworking factories produce windows doors stairs finished items construction called millwork plants windows residences aluminum steel wood wood transmit heat readily tendency window frames cold condense moisture vapor wood decay conditions treated preservatives exposed surfaces painted metal stronger wood permits smaller frame members glass aluminum added advantage protective film oxide eliminates need paint ponderosa pine wood commonly fabrication windows carefully selected kiln dried moisture content percent control quality manufacture windows based standards established national woodwork manufacturers association standards cover aspect material fabrication including details projection drip cap slope sill industry standards states weather stripping double hung window effective point prevent air leakage infiltration excess cfm cubic feet minute linear foot sash crack tested static air pressure psf pounds square foot
wall ties installed centers horizontal mortar joints larger panels lap length tie bridge expansion spaces ties corrosion resistant ft wide determine heights widths openings required panels multiply number units nominal block size add size opening required panel consisting blocks units wide units high door frames installed windows similar procedures secondary service entrances consist simple frames trim members match windows main entrances additional elements add important architectural feature fig exterior doors residential construction nearly high sizes main entrances equipped single door wide sizes rear doors service doors fha minimum property standards list minimum exterior door width door frames windows consist heads jambs sills head jambs stock carry main door screen storm doors door frames shown elevation views architectural plans door place fig door frames manufactured millwork plant fig arrive building site assembled ready install disassembled knocked units assembled shop dealer distributor
properly installed vapor barrier membrane water vapor readily pass protect ceilings walls floors moisture originating heated space fig insulated wall construction temperature warm inside cool vapor barrier located warm side prevent moisture moving insulation cool side condensing insulation materials produced today vapor barrier applied inside surface interior wall surface materials backed vapor barriers materials properly applied provide satisfactory resistance moisture penetration insulating materials include satisfactory vapor barrier installed separate element vapor barriers wide continuous rolls include asphalt coated paper aluminum foil fig polyethylene films combinations materials prevent accidental puncturing installed heat ducts plumbing electrical wiring place cut carefully fit barrier openings outlet boxes architects mil polyethylene film fig making continuous cover walls ceilings windows plaster base wallboard applied covering protects window unit plastering operations permits light enter easily trimmed opening finished wood trim installed addition proper placement vapor barriers adequate ventilation constructions help insure moisture problems cold side walls weathertight permit wall breathe building paper wood sheathing reduce infiltration waterproof permit moisture wall escape
unit interior wall ceiling finish study materials methods cover framed areas inside structure types materials employed purpose principle plaster dry wall construction term dry wall construction commonly applied wall finish consisting large gypsum boards carefully applied nail holes joints smoothly covered finished completed surface appears regular plaster gypsum plaster fig provided qualities desired wall ceiling finish beauty durability economy fire protection structural rigidity resistance sound transmission high factor adaptability readily applied curved irregularly shaped surfaces flat plaster gypsum common minerals found earth known chemically hydrous calcium sulphate calcium sulphate combination molecules water gypsum highly fireproof material exposed fire chemically combined water called water crystallization vaporized dissipates heat water leaves gypsum mass white chalky material remains surface insulate flame fire protection engineers recognizing fire resistance qualities plaster developed accurate ratings listed national bureau standards national bureau fire underwriters ratings basis establishing requirements building codes plaster interior wall ceiling surface carpenter applies plaster base installs grounds serve guides plasterer
term finish flooring applies material final wearing surface floor construction wide selection materials fabricated purpose hardwoods softwoods strip flooring variety widths thicknesses random width planks unit blocks improved materials production composition flooring called resilient flooring commonly items type include asphalt tile vinyl asbestos tile vinyl tile rubber tile linoleum tile sheet form addition flagstone slate brick ceramic tile frequently selected special areas entrances bathrooms multipurpose rooms floor structures need specifically designed carry type finish surface finish flooring consists wood laid wall ceiling surfaces complete interior door frames trim applied surface covered protect inside finish progress sanding application finish floor surface major operation interior completed prefinished wood flooring carefully covered protected likewise installation resilient flooring prefinished wood flooring sequence interior finishing steps care exercised selection installation finish flooring material attractive strong lasting fixed permanent part structure high quality replacement repair seldom wood universally accepted material flooring residential structures
post beam frame consists limited number joints loads forces exerted structure concentrated points regular nailing patterns conventional framing provide satisfactory connection joints need reinforced special metal connectors fig increase holding power metal connectors attached lag screws bolts beam structures exposed connectors likely detract appearance concealed devices need substituted steel wood dowel pins size notches gains cut structural members provide interlocking effect recess metal connectors interior partitions difficult construct exposed beam ceiling load bearing partition main ridge beam installation beams planks place partitions running perpendicular sloping ceiling regular top plates filler sections installed beams partitions parallel transverse beams sloping top plate construct partitions sections building conventional lower section height wide walls adding triangular section nonbearing partitions run angle plank floor special framing nonbearing partitions run parallel fig additional support provided small beam replacing sole plate located plank flooring shown planks floor roof decking vary thickness depending span pieces tongue groove edge groove spline joint assembled tight strong surface
type prefabrication entire sections commonly called modules structure fabricated finished manufacturing plants fig sections modules transported site assembled form complete structure limitations transportation facilities widths module seldom exceed feet advantage sectionalized construction results fact nearly detail finish completed factory kitchen cabinets attached walls built features installed wall floor ceiling surfaces applied finished electrical wiring heating air conditioning ducts plumbing lines plumbing fixtures installed controlled conditions manufacturing plants fig shows section includes bathroom wall tub place plumbing lines completed moves production line section includes concentration plumbing heating facilities included fabrication system consists mainly panels sections nature include utility hook ups called mechanical cores basic designs consist grouping kitchen bath utilities preassembled unit requires connections site mechanical core consisting bathroom kitchen wall shown assembly line fig units designed include heating air conditioning equipment electrical plumbing disadvantages sectionalized type prefabrication difficulties connected storage transportation necessity power cranes handling assembling units construction site mobile homes constructed chassis fig require permanent foundation
successful carpenter physically able perform high ability aptitude working tools materials trade need sincere interest enthusiasm intensify efforts study practice skills required addition develop desirable character traits honesty dealings important especially quality quantity performed show courtesy respect loyalty punctuality reliability reflect general attitude important training program later enter regular employment ability cooperate students fellow craftsmen supervisors employers essential success individuals fail carpentry trade deficiency personal characteristics inability obtain satisfactory level performance hazards carpentry require develop attitude safety means willing give attention learning safest perform follow safety rules regulations times complete training program continue diligent efforts perfect skills adjust methods techniques brings materials improved procedures construction industry presents special challenge carpentry trade read study books manufacturer literature trade journals magazines building construction field considerable information obtained association meetings conventions products exhibited successful carpenter need informed code zoning ordinances safety regulations aspects construction apply directly local community
aha ahahahahahaha miyax sat wondering creeping halfway bag peered sky brown bird maneuver wings speed west skua closer ocean thought skua bird coastal waters arctic eyes rest oil drum signpost american civilization north excited month ago sure ulo needles sled tent ancestors liked simplicity easy understand understood fitted scheme moon stars constant rise fall earth snow part melted drank amaroq barked sounded quarter mile ow ooo called nails answered pack howled briefly shouted joyously jumping lake paused wind began rise sun started horizon lake responded boom sounded pistol shot freeze deepening miyax lit fire put pot warm stew taste smoke flames tundra home presently amaroq barked forcefully pack answered royal voice sounded position silver checked lake
robert lee wilson thought pa woke late feed pigs josephine cow remembered vacation staying pa room city sat smiled father robert lee father father lunch bucket hand wore heavy clothes yellow steel helmet job shipyards robert lee father smiled didn want wake big city robert lee find restaurant breakfast help robert lee pa laughed country boy awful easy mixed town laughed don eat restaurant supposed eat coopers lives project remember sure robert lee remember don lost pa project street blocks blocks left pa thirteen robert lee sniffed think tell boy rough town raised folks knew liked gangs kids town tear fun robert lee scared father wasn admit care coming forty
miss waterman announced class play put university lines french understand word students able meaning looked rows sleepy students february dullness lying damp blanket especially read play taking turns speaking parts looked hard sam joe falcon billy joe reed friends alike giraffe snake thing common middle sam joe dark raw boned unfinished mother indian reservation ten miles town wasn falcon liked sound father left country billy joe father owned biggest general store northern part billy joe owned car license drive pleased small knit growth fourteenth tense sleep mother died middle night cried knew miss waterman looked jaundiced eye wasn insolent disorderly wouldn stood capable
side yesterday lived girl wanted future satisfied knowing grass spring sun night true knowledge desired tick tomorrow fall failure heartache pain portion wish known vera say true easy lived simply simple town happened change birth death expected vera awaited event appointed bedside wishes heart grew wish desire desire obsession soon knowing simple futures simple simple town wish tomorrow holds vera woman country woman thing wish father vera listen wish king fall battle queen die want parents cry babies lost weep loved slain knowing obsession vera parents took lived mountain answer question asked vera
ago lived house wore short pigtail soul wore cornered hat fashion lived silent house tall windows overlooked waters narrow glassy moat crossed house large walled garden child wander singing paths entered tapping stick gnarled trunks fruit trees picked apple took indoors housekeeper cut half put oven housekeeper older died returned cemetery put key front door extraordinary thought death forgotten passed mistake members family friends known passed buried misunderstanding closed door quickly shot bolt sound echoed empty house close shutters windows put fire hearth smoke betray presence closed shutters front windows put fire hearth smoke rising chimney betray walked house locking rooms bolted trap door cellar
path ran edge cliff sea path gloaming misty fairy women sidh sudden stopped fixed eyes path middle path lay bundle naught seen moved feebly sounds odd mewling sort women sidh leaned pushed wrappings bundle found laid eyes stood looked tis bairn tis mortal bairn looked empty moor empty path running turned looked saw seen looked left rising moor heather gorse running rim sky edge cliff sea roaring woman sidh spoke comes claiming woman picked bairn happed close shawl path faster soon sight fisherfolk sailing sea boat skirling easy safe rocks
let suppose living talk live cave mother father brothers sisters bed skins side cave roof curves meet floor roof close night crawl bed keeping low strike head morning wake early full energy sit bang forgotten low roof hit head hard hit late father sharp sound warning let say dop morning wake move father says dop remember remember hitting head feel bump fingers crawl roof cave higher sit remember low roof father need say dop walking father ahead suddenly makes sound dop low voice sound exactly word meaning remember times father times meant don moving moving hurt gave warning family cave family hear careful father spoke loud voice
children adults constantly ask ideas books ideas ideas books start sort poltergeist disembodied creature racketing throwing cups saucers typewriters yon let say reading history information trail need partially completed book find thing find mention couple blockhouses trail historian locate pinpoint forts idea trail early travel journals michaux naturalist trail give route mention blockhouses journals desperate need trail need blockhouses begin look maps find believe trail existed head unfinished book map illustrating gradual depletion buffalo herds united states find date east tennessee map says buffalo killed tennessee killed looking fact assumption author writes past facts hand knows prove note card file carefully green box
graduating radcliffe college june ninety young women looking solemn nervous black caps gowns walked slowly aisle seats graduate radcliffe college connected harvard high honor graduation proud graduates families afternoon fathers mothers relatives graduates especially aware girl tall dignified walked smaller woman dressed black cap gown knew tall girl helen adams keller blind deaf person earn college diploma woman asked whisper don reply kind helper woman black annie sullivan helen keller called teacher seventeen earlier annie sullivan walked helen keller dark lonely bring light knowledge love love annie sullivan valued annie sullivan family moved america ireland hope escaping poverty discovered simply moved place poverty find warmth comfort plentiful food housing hoped found springfield massachusetts cold winters hard times food damp dark slum house matters worse annie began trouble eyes trachoma doctor called disease infection spread rapidly slum neighborhoods annie member sullivan family sick
ago valley tepoztlan valley mexico copper tepozteco born born children destined god short fully grown rich wisdom strength speed hunt hunters gave counsel brought success king grew wisdom understanding strength worshiped god known virtues farthest corners kingdom loved respected kings feared dared say king ilayacapan asked tepozteco feast honor nobles invited king told cooks prepare food eaten dishes painted bright colors ordered blankets lovely designs beautiful blanket tepozteco sit feast feasts appointed nobles arrived wearing richest robes jewels jade gold wonderful sight company seated colored mats richly painted dishes servants ready bring fine food sat sat waiting guest tepozteco waited waited heard teponaztli drum announced coming tepozteco soon seen approaching followers
ma sons born mother thought food took shore sea cut hair tied gave waves ma drowned sea jelly fish folded softness warm floated god sea found child took charge brought house warmed cherished ma grew land lived god sea boy mother country saw mother brothers house house country going sat brothers mother called children home found strange child rest children ma brothers house found played played hide seek spears canes began throwing spears house slight spears thatch grass house ma charm cane spear charm toughened heavy flung hole grass thatch house
centuries spain occupied moors warlike tribe moslems africa spaniards wished drive invaders country christian spain weakened constant feuding independent kingdoms powerless mighty moors el cid thousand ago powerful respected spanish kings fernando king castille leon fernando begun uniting christian spain grew older realized complete task future spain depended sons quarreling concerning inheritance inherit fernando kingdom determined settle problem called council order seek advice nobles heralds part kingdom commanding nobles present fernando court lesser nobles don diego de vivar learned wise full lived seclusion family city vivar occasion called advise king affairs greatest pleasure teaching wisdom sons watching grow stalwart adults royal herald found don diego seated library surrounded books maps manuscripts scholar listened courteously herald announcement glanced wistfully manuscripts sighed tell majesty heard obey command herald left don diego muttered prefer company manuscripts company kings
moment owl turned walked stiff table stood staring doorway knuckles curled edge table sammy asked sammy thought owl knew inside house grandfather thought rooms look seen tops doors insides closets owl stared doorway left table flew chair door pausing flew hall top front door glided banister flying short swoops upstairs sammy listened owl fly put dishes sink grandfather pantry sammy owl upstairs don sammy grandfather making mixture mashed sardines meal canned milk water think trick sammy stirred put railroad jacket looked mixed sardines mopped jacket hand enthusiastic stirring caused spill sammy walked looked bowl boy spent lot mixing things mixing foods tasted wouldn nerve try begging taste tell say taste hoped grandfather wasn going ask taste mixture
sammy awoke morning bed quickly looked window side house weeds grew thickest grandfather put discarded items rusted truck tires sink held water birdbath wooden crates broken chairs iron bed closer house small garden grandfather told sammy guard tomato plants later turtles part country loved tomatoes summer grandfather lost half tomatoes turtles guard tomatoes sammy appreciate sammy thought walking row tomatoes spotting turtle helping aha carry turtle eat tomatoes suddenly sammy remembered crane turned started kitchen bothered put pajamas night dressed kitchen geese sitting patch sunlight parrot perch corner owl absent sammy window grandfather standing pen crane leaned window sill peering wanted call ask crane suddenly afraid crane died night want call crane answer going dead waited window minute parrot papa loud screech
sammy boy times slowed times moved slowly sammy wanted fall knees press ear earth giant watch ticking times moved fast felt spun space dangled frog front crane stopped look grandfather knew stopped grandfather balanced halfway bank foot set awkwardly front sammy dipped frog water held dripping wet crane notice sammy put water splashed suddenly crane jerked head forward peered water sammy swished frog crane hesitated head cocked side moved head closer water dipped beak water took frog sammy fingers click started took sammy cried crane threshed frog water beak tossed frog bill swallowed ate sammy sammy grandfather stumbled bank caught edge water grabbing small tree lowered bank sat boots sides cut dug sand smoothed mustache fingers eyes crane
jacob saw aboard breathing deep sigh climbed rope ladder helping side ship captain took jacob arm lead hold backed captain finally steep ladder dark hold light small lantern strange shadows swayed lantern swung slow rolling motion ship jacob captain pointed huge crate corner jacob knees shaking afraid strange thing nephew ruler india captain lit candle hand motioned jacob closer large box jacob hobbled slowly corner feet crate saw gasp step fright gray bigger arm wriggled slats box swung left slowly curled disappeared inside box jacob turned run ladder captain caught jacob coat won hurt india ride pets captain hand stroked thing curled arm jacob watched thick gray thing wriggled slats finally stepped shadows stroked soon jacob fear disappeared jacob returned dock large crowd gathered box asked
janey sat quietly listened ma pa decided move mountains land free ma explained find place stay neighbors ma janey asked janey ma didn answer sure care shoes ma leave winter want sure don barefoot tears eyes kissed janey bye janey watched folks leave pa walked ahead ma sat ox cart wearing black bonnet janey saw family things bulging cover cart cow lump formed janey throat didn say didn cry janey night felt worse neighbor lady fixed small mattress loft kitchen bed janey lay wide awake strange neighbor lady lying mattress nearby began snore janey felt lump throat want ma pa thought want ma pa felt dress slipped climbed loft tiptoed door pulled latch bright moon janey shiny road goes straight ma pa dust felt cool bare feet thing knew road ran ran breath walked
cities small young city york village dusty roadway sidewalks ago gerrit van dyke lived york city trading post called amsterdam grassy lanes named street lane glassmakers glass bottles windowpanes gerrit lived mother small village called berkeley corners winter morning gerrit mother held sheet ice formed night water bucket look called stay frozen sheet glass window looks glass windows girl holland makes homesick look mother smiled gerrit knew close tears knew glass windows berkeley corners meeting house oiled paper windows let light houses manage wooden shutters cold shutters closed houses dark wonder mother felt homesick gloomy suddenly idea popped gerrit head find glass window mother able catch beaver traps dress skins maybe trade glass windowpanes thought gerrit trade skins gerrit decided ask schoolmaster schoolmaster gerrit found schoolmaster ask windowpanes cousins glassmakers
azor grade skiing swimming minding business remarkable thing animals talked things important things early morning azor saw brother matthew matthew friend jimmer starting street knew going carrying nets poles matthew jimmer going pirate joe pond catch turtles sell twenty cents azor wanted catch turtle twenty cents store eat potato chips matthew re talk scare turtles azor surprised matthew called hey azor want need watch box won re going stay catch million remember talking hear azor grabbed piece cake bottle root beer raced matthew jimmer pirate joe hauled big box hidden hold turtles put tree don sound matthew warned jimmer left azor sitting shade pond nets threw bread crumbs waited turtles azor sat minding business thought father told pirate joe pond
opened box alligator looked move set pool backyard jimmie uncle dwight able water soon pool set jimmie put block wood end shallow water kay pulled grass put block move pick alligator alligator jimmie kay job pick jimmie looked mother nodded ahead won hurt jimmie looked alligator rough black yellow skin looked ugly blunt nose queer eyes looked mouth full teeth kay re waiting jimmie shut eyes took hold alligator discovered funny thing didn mind picking especially afraid touch soon neighborhood liked jimmie pet wanted feed raw meat jimmie rule feed alligator going asked kay call dopey look surely dopey jimmie grandpa schumacher real grandpa funny alligator schumacher agreed funny grandpa schumacher thought funny grinned funny schumacher means shoemaker alligator grows maybe fine pair leather shoes skin
pepper moon young boy lived china thing wanted dog pepper moon asked dog family threw hands pepper moon don ask dog dog jump tear shoes knock china flowerpots pepper moon family orderly house place dog pepper moon pets goldfish lily pool small creatures hide morning terrible thing happened orderly house news spread kitchen maids courtyard courtyard mistress found mouse sewing box mouse aunts girl cousins shivered sewing box grandmother cried putting teacup thump grandmother called ivory cane uncles aunts marched lily pool courtyard pets grandmother declared pepper moon put mice sewing box pepper moon mouse snails teacups grandmother pepper moon snails inside teacup frog father shoe grandmother continued frog didn mean father shoe pepper moon explained pets dislike declared grandmother strange pets dog pepper moon hopefully choose pet suit grandmother sternly let think
leak kettle cried fatima waved arms excitedly soup dripping fire hodja wasn alarmed wife wailing special sort trouble leaky kettle meant dinner problem worth attention yes leak cried hodja watched soup dripping copper kettle charcoal fire soup hodja action left house walked cobbled street hodja peered ahmet standing doorway owed ahmet measure wheat couldn ask kettle hodja looked ali door shook head ali wife sharp tongue looked mustapha door nodded hodja knock door slowly opened hungry hodja shuffled inside welcome friend mustapha happy hodja days sit enjoy talking hours mustapha expecting talk today disappointed soup save soup cried hodja waving arms clear mustapha quick action needed gladly friend mustapha loan kettle days mended hodja true friend forget thoughtful mustapha pleased loan kettle wife pleased tiny bit couldn promise bring kettle loan hodja thank thousand thanks hodja
young swahili boy named kimba walked father jungle trail city father kimba carried load head big reed basket kimba head held twenty crows eggs city sell eggs pennies apiece kimba rich gift able buy chief kimba father ohalla carried spear hand head carried box filled animal figures carved wood sell buyer small shop city brisk jungle breeze swept trail elephant grass rustled palm trees shook leaves puff blow gust wind set kimba basket rocking gently head stopped held breath basket blows kimba thought taking basket head matter cared eggs carried heads kimba stopped brisk breeze wobbled basket father ahead sight kimba hurried caught stopped gasped wasn sudden breeze stop ahead rustled tangled grass looked thick rope creeping snake creeping father thought kimba called father turned snake strike set basket kimba longer cared eggs watched snake tongue darting
thaddeus neighborhood house school felt draw crayons finger paints play ping pong fun days felt days missed going thursday afternoon andrews sing songs guitar songs happy sad children sang andrews thaddeus mouth sing loud listen want miss hearing single boom andrews deep voice guitar waited sang sang thaddeus thought songs heard thaddeus wished wished guitar guitar wonderful sounds singing andrews guitar let voice boom children crowded andrews boy don children looked thaddeus thaddeus looked andrews talking mean young fellow andrews looking thaddeus inside circle want talk thaddeus felt hot cold afraid loved andrews dared talk lean circle opened front slowly
imagine walking edge sea bright summer waves rolling break gently feet eye miles blue water stretch beneath sun touch sky empty lifeless sea looks peaceful sea empty lifeless seldom peaceful big storms stir sea mighty ships smashed toss giant wave deeps sea full contrast land desert scoop handful salty sea water clear water microscope handful salty water jungle millions strange creatures battle stay alive microscope plants animals living oceans weird creatures imagine outer space sea contrast holds smallest largest living things look awe pictures giant dinosaurs walked earth ago largest dinosaurs weighed thirty tons ground trembled beneath footsteps saw blue whale ocean today struck greater awe times heavy largest dinosaurs huge creatures sea weigh tons discovered known
albert feed john spend enjoying albert smart seal john thought able teach tricks john knew seal learn balance ball nose albert learn john started rubber ball threw seal albert quickly reached nose snapped ball mouth swallowed gulp father mother laughed john clapped hands albert thought pretty sat clapped front flippers excited albert learned clap hands john big plastic beach ball held albert nose air put ball top sure albert soon balance ball nose john pleased albert tricks soon albert learned evening father enjoying bath suddenly john mother heard shout stop say stop john mother ran bathroom father sitting bathtub albert father smacking nose washcloth straw bath father glared albert mother laughed hard didn strength lift albert trick albert loved rolling big kerosene drums kerosene fuel big light tower albert leap drum lying side
soldier wrote love letter girl sealed note bottle threw ocean note delivered girl grandmother seventy received strange things happen drifting bottles bottles dropped place travel float direction currents move bottles mile month carry hundred miles speed drifting bottle half mile hour ocean scientists today bottles learn changing ocean currents toss bottles sea track movement currents bottle card inside returned scientists found thousand cards returned fish move currents scientists tell fishermen places fish caught maybe find bottle floating sea want send send message bottle post glass bottle narrow neck type easily watertight put dry sand bottle float slanting write message piece paper roll put bottle cork bottle tightly nail stick cork tie flag bottle easy toss bottle water
brahmin brahmin gentle kind treats beasts brothers deal brahmins story brahmin walking country road tiger shut strong iron cage brother brahmin tiger let thirsty water cage brother tiger brahmin let spring eat brother brahmin tiger ungrateful thing let drink water brother brahmin brahmin unlocked door let tiger moment cage tiger sprang brahmin eat brother tiger cried brahmin promised fair eat set free cage tiger free eat poor brahmin wept begged tiger agreed wait ask meet fair eat brahmin tiger agreed act decision thing met banyan tree standing wayside brother banyan brahmin fair tiger eat set free cage
eagle lower live high air harm stone young rob nest shoot arrows cruel let tiger eat brahmin tiger sprang brahmin eat brother tiger ask cried brahmin growled tiger hungry saw alligator lying mud river edge brother alligator brahmin fair tiger eat let cage lie mud harmless dove alligator grunted hunt sees throws stones pokes sharp sticks worthless lot let tiger eat brahmin tiger bound eat brahmin brahmin begged wait asked finally tiger walked met jackal brother jackal brahmin think fair tiger eat set free terrible cage cage jackal stupidly yes yes cage brahmin want think jackal beg speak loudly matter clear slow understanding think brahmin tiger eat set free cage
brahmin tiger jackal walked spot cage let understand problem jackal brahmin stood roadside brahmin tiger asked jackal cage course roared tiger beg pardon brother tiger jackal stupid understand happened cage inside cage stood tiger leaping cage head shoulder thank thank jackal makes clearer don understand forgive slow mind door shut cried tiger beg pardon jackal slow understand things show exactly door works sure understand shut shuts brahmin pushing door yes don lock jackal door lock locks brahmin shut bolted door jackal exclaimed brother brahmin locked advise let stay locked friend tiger wait find let
working office exciting rewarding career offices staffed plan organize evaluate carry aspects business offices nerve centers business office activities affect business executives production workers indications office play important role business future prediction based factors continuing growth economy producing demand information business needs increasingly specialized information operate profitably greater competition forcing office provide information quickly readily usable forms fourth increasing demand information levels government reasons opportunities office occupations increasing dramatically thousands positions positions secretaries stenographers accounting clerks typists cashiers receptionists file clerks office machine operators number variety positions enable obtain office job matches interests abilities pages follow told office glimpse office future duties responsibilities office workers discussed advantages office organization offices effect organization office jobs explained employment prospects office workers type training required opportunities advancement discussed help select areas office train matter career choice need personal skills basic office skills need acquire business skills related office occupation
opportunities advancement excellent stenographers advance secretarial positions high speed shorthand ability additional training court reporters stenographers secretaries executive secretaries administrative assistants office supervisors word processing specialists recordkeeping accounting clerks maintain journals ledgers financial forms manually hand mechanically machine record business transactions handle payroll care accounts payable accounts receivable specific duties vary size office known accounting clerks firms general bookkeepers accounting clerks type business million accounting clerks wholesale retail firms banks factories insurance companies hospitals schools employment prospects accounting clerks bright thousands job openings expected job openings occur replace workers leave job market increased electronic data processing bookkeeping machinery need accounting clerks remain strong steady decade employers look high school graduates completed courses business mathematics accounting applicants type operate office machines basic understanding electronic data processing desirable opportunity advancement beginning accounting clerks advance responsible jobs operating complex accounting machines specializing financial statements qualified accounting clerks promoted supervisory assignments additional college level accounting courses experience accountants eventually examination qualify certified professional accountant cpa designation typists type letters drafts reports tables business communications
organizing planning important functions management important office worker middle top management saying plan plan advice office worker attractions office variety office worker perform activities greeting callers answering telephone typing transcribing dictation making travel arrangements maintaining supplies obtaining data information producing data thing opportunity bored unlike assembly line rigid prescribed ways tasks performed office workers organize plan efficiently office layout floor arrangement increase productivity workers properly designed factors need considered designing office layout include flow space allocations desks files equipment lighting air conditioning noise control color flow movement paperwork office efficient pattern generally direction traffic pattern office studied unnecessary travel distraction workers avoided equipment supplies located workers illustration page shows cluster arrangement office furniture arrangement ensures efficient flow employees related space important office layout desks arranged comfortable access chairs desks space allowed opening file drawers supply cabinet doors office workers close desks quantity quality light important
large firms frequently send volume mailings consist hundreds thousands advertising brochures catalogs announcements products services bulk mail subject specific postal service regulations responsible processing type outgoing mail responsible organizing maintaining mailing lists bulk mailings companies purchase mailing lists firms specialize compiling lists firms compile lists names addresses customers sales prospects suppliers interested firm mailings names company records supplied sales personnel office workers mailing lists valuable date method keeping lists current transfer names addresses mailing list standard index cards information cards updated corrected cards names addresses easily added file cards eliminated method keeping lists current names addresses alphabetic order sheets paper marked match size mailing labels sheets fed photocopy machine equipped special peel mailing labels labels automatically printed sheets perforated gummed address labels stationery stores sheets typed carbon paper leave blank spaces page additional names addresses letter piece advertising returned post office checked cards corrections promptly
thanks telephone communication established potential customers direct voice voice contact adds important human touch opportunities contact public phone company employer judged image project phone addition large company firm offices branches locations telephone frequently communicate offices departments business activity depend telephone voice conveys impression directly company listener end line listeners react hear kind person telephone speak clearly distinctly express thoughts logically tactful voice smile sound voice convey idea friendly pleasant interested conversation cultivating speaking personal interest tone step acquiring telephone technique sluggish dull voice handicap telephone conversation face face communication speak phone facial expressions gestures help convey message matter attractive sincere telephone caller voice dull monotone rely warmth interest voice convey sense personality caller
telegram fastest class service transmitted wire immediately receipt western union addressee telephone message telephoned person shortly received telegraph office additional fee copy message mailed addressee request delivery messenger delivery cost initial charge based words send telegrams telephoning western union delivering message person western union office agency companies send telegrams volume equipment installed transmit messages directly western union overnight telegram midnight delivery initial rate based minimum words additional words reduced rate mailgrams service western union postal service service faster regular mail fast telegram mailgrams western union wire post office city addressee delivered postal service distinctive blue white envelope distinguishes mailgram mail meant assure receives priority attention mailgram service costs telegram primarily message message desirable type communication receive attention letter rates based minimum charge words half minimum charge additional words
offices packs carbon paper copy paper preassembled sets sets purchased sheets carbon copy paper arranged order need select proper set depending number carbon copies place sheet letterhead paper top pack ready put typewriter saved takes assemble carbon pack carbon paper assembled sets lower quality regular carbon paper thrown remove carbon paper bound set simply grasp bound edge set hand hand grasp copies longer carbon paper pull copies angle torn bound edge perforations discard bound sheets carbon paper carbon paper removed correspondence ready delivered boss signature correspondence page length place original copies page front stacks put stack pages left stack pages page assemble pages original copy order removing top sheet stack place addressed envelope enclosures original copy letter ready boss signature assemble pages carbon copy order envelopes mailed carbon copy notations page
times asked prepare replies routine correspondence exact routine repetitive correspondence handled office depends nature reply needed word processing equipment gain experience assume greater responsibility correspondence soon find position allowed decide form reply sequence form paragraphs type form letter needed assemble file form letters covering routine replies inquiries supervisor notation inquiry letter indicating number form letter replying turn form letter guide preparing response speed preparation form letter duplicated leaving space date inside address salutation typing insertions align date inside address salutation carefully typewriter type style ribbon matches darkness duplicated form letter illustration page typed inserts shown blue identification purposes actual letter inserts noticeable properly typed form letters provide space personalized information typed look illustration page notice dealer addressee inserted neatly body letter form letter needs look personalized individually signed form letters need individually typed save automated typewriter record letter
letters memos frequently type written communication business documents ranging formal reports variety special business papers specific purposes asked type press releases speeches graphs forms statistical information vast assortment special business documents requires skill typewriting course addition need understanding format style purpose document responsibility preparing business reports special business papers vary situation situation actually help researching preparing information report primary duty limited preparing final typewritten copy course business companies compile deal information information summarized letters interoffice memos instances form communication report reports vary degree formality report pages limited distribution generally classified informal report type report include title page includes body report formal report detailed coverage statistical information wide distribution body formal report look similar informal report formal report include number preliminary supplementary pages contents page appendix formal report main categories preliminary parts report proper supplementary parts categories divided subcategories shown outline
means duplicating material office fluid stencil offset duplicators commonly duplicated copies variety types equipment noted reading matter illustrations copies looks reproduced purple black colors ink process advantages disadvantages businesses generally try employ process economical suitable material put duplicated copies house employees produced fluid duplicating process expensive means duplicating copies look professional offset stencil duplicated copies serve purpose house communications tests school printed purple tests likely produced fluid duplicator hundred copies run copy cost approximately half cent produce fluid duplicator illustrated page businesses organizations favor fluid duplicating colors reproduced simply changing carbon sheet master set costs fluid duplicating equipment supplies low maintenance costs minimal easy operate fluid duplicator legible copies produced master stored later error typing fluid master easily corrected business executives care fluid duplicated copies copy purple look professional
printers process called offset duplicating reproduce material customers process called lithography recent offset duplicating popular business operations plant print shops combine word processing department reprographics center material typed word processing duplicated reprographics table top offset duplicators common types masters offset duplicating plastic metal masters special photographic paper produced photographic process masters produced equipment requires darkroom masters produced darkroom office workers frequently deal direct image masters direct image masters masters images directly typing drawing handwriting professional looking copies obtained direct image master illustrated page direct image master consists sheet plasticized paper paper plastic type draw handwrite drawing handwriting special offset supplies direct image master preprinted guidelines located top sides standard legal size copy direct image masters easiest masters type duplicating processes note satisfactory results offset master need carbon polyethylene mylar ribbon ribbons proper chemical reproduce clear clean images offset duplicator results offset master clean fingerprints smudges bends folds result ink blobs shapes sizes finished copies
office workers involved working financial data office workers involved keeping financial records office general office workers office cashiers secretaries administrative assistants accountants accounting clerks accounting clerks responsible accounts payable accounts receivable payroll billing inventory stock control small office likely accounting clerk called bookkeeper employed financial records business typically larger firm accounting department primary responsibility handling financial records department includes variety accounting clerks accountants group performing part accounting procedures firm office workers share responsibility preparing financial information firm businesses accounting records firm needs record asset liability owner equity item assets things business owns liabilities debts business owner equity financial interest owner office worker involved part accounting procedures company important develop clear understanding company accounting system operates activities buying selling receiving money customers paying bills constantly business assets liabilities owner equity activities called transactions transaction exchange asset suppose business buys office equipment cash asset cash exchanged asset office equipment responsibility recording transactions enter journal journal daily record business transactions
important qualifications knowledge medical vocabulary ability transcribe medical dictation shorthand transcribing machine addition knowledge medical office practices procedures responsibilities job vary considerably depending physician office dental clinic hospital nursing care facility insurance company public health department working drug firm medical research organization medical publishing company change job responsibilities beginning positions graduation high school medical program high school required qualified legal secretary demand parts country opportunities limited person shorthand ability high degree skill taking transcribing legal dictation required required knowledge legal procedures legal documents court system trained legal secretary finds offices attorneys legal related offices levels government corporations responsibilities position vary generally deal employer clients relationships high standard ethics required need additional preparation enter specialized area legal programs offered community colleges technical institutes business schools demand knowledge word processing job titles vary greatly company company common titles found production side word processing supervisor correspondence specialist proofreader job titles found administrative area word processing supervisor coordinator administrative secretary beginning accounting clerks record routine transactions
business complex unique interesting office positions positions architectural engineering field require additional training working educational institution require special training programs specialized clerical postions choose area matches interests alternative supervisory managerialposition business office workers advance field office administrative management area referred administrative services information management covers wide range positions vice president responsible total communication services company supervisor word processing center activities responsibliities office management primarily center functions plan involving machines systems needed provide basis efficient office plan office sense direction helps office personnel common goal paperwork needs flow smoothly divided efficient units qualified office workers equipment provided proper relationships established units important element office essential satisfied productive area human relations office increasingly important management plan fail workers understand support evaluation office continuously corrective measures applied needed person unit office function smoothly office reach goals set plan
important company plans advancement let employer plans reasons companies interested learn employees plan improve companies offer educational benefits reimbursement college classes completed successfully attending classes local community college university increases advancement possibilities obtain associate degree bachelor degree business administration office administration attending evening saturday classes complete degree gain additional skills knowledge area related area management word processing programs offered professional groups business organizations colleges universities directly concerned office try attend appeal check employer attending events companies provide release payment fees worthy programs office workers organized associations largest organization secretaries national secretaries association international organization sponsors institute certifying secretaries professional examination leads title certified professional secretary cps secretaries examination pay fee examination meet experience educational requirements secretaries specialize medical legal educational field special organizations national association legal secretaries nals sponsors professional legal secretary program national associations medical educational secretaries offer courses programs upgrade members profession progress management career want consider joining administrative management society national association local chapters dedicated upgrading office management area
golden collar persian satrap golden collar athenian general say haven haven haven gold collars cries arta spiteful jealous father greater tell princess fool says athens persia mortal enemies knows say mean lala cries stamping foot smile secret infuriating smile won tell haven told athenian asking month told writing promised put story perdiccas brother story part telling perdiccas told athenian built hide saved stranger built thinking grownup need built father hall allow reach return nightfall sapling trees perdiccas cut lashed willowy branches plaited wove screens cover mud nearby stream daubed covered leaves tore strips living ivy nearby trees uprooting wound hut grow hide
ago ruler vast inca empire son youth brought joy father heart sadness prince born ill health passed prince health improve court doctors find cure illness night aged emperor knees pleaded getting older soon leave join look son prince beg strong fit ruler tell malady cured emperor put head hands waited answer soon heard voice coming fire burned constantly let prince drink water magic lake end voice moment fire sputtered died cold ashes lay golden flask emperor journey end young prince ill travel emperor proclaimed fill golden flask magic water greatly rewarded brave set search magic lake find days weeks passed flask remained empty valley distance emperor palace lived poor farmer wife grown sons young daughter older son father let brother join search magic lake
picked trunk began walk sir miles lowell unaccustomed sir sight pale thin face rain soaked shawl rate peddler pulled horse looked seat empty wagon fifty fifty saddest news heard wiped droplet cheek rain tears tell thank bent pick small trunk glance began walk wait clucked horse moment side stage amoskeag hesitated harmed money stage despite woeful appearance voice clear sweet jarring twang upcountry yankees eyes tell color large features formed trifle small judge wrapped shawl thin anyway plenty room girl hesitated moment longer obeyed days traveled south speaking girl riding wagon peddler goods night understood harm trust smile tell told looked younger thought darby miles north
finding place map difficult maps show hundreds cities towns lakes rivers places lot read chance overlook place search look map page shows section alaska edge map notice letters evenly spaced side top edge numbers lettersand numbers called coordinates divide map square sections help locate places quickly coordinates place look map town denali located section map locate section place index finger letter side map place index finger number move finger letter straight move finger number straight place fingers touch section smaller area search denali close fingers met find section national park section follow steps locate section find kenai national park sections mountains listed mountain elevation height feet highest mountain careful comparison show mt mckinley feet higher mountains
story happened ago worthwhile hear forgotten palace emperor china splendid entirely altogether porcelain costly brittle difficult handle terribly careful garden seen strangest flowers splendid silver bells tied bells tinkled pass noticing flowers emperor garden extended gardener didn end lowest forest high trees deep lakes forest sea blue deep tall ships sail branches trees trees lived nightingale sang sweetly poor fishers night nets heard stopped listen beautiful attend business forgot bird night bird sang fishers heard beautiful countries travelers city emperor admired palace garden heard nightingale travelers told home learned wrote books city palace garden forget nightingale highest poets wrote poems nightingale forest sea
nearly drowned youth red cross lifesaving examiner suffered noble saving human watery grave black eye perfect daisy embarrassed days looking agonies feel sacrifices especially black eye worthwhile brutally frank feel modern school scientific lifesaving lot hogwash course bad luck lifesavers beginning dealings professional lifesavers sister nearly drowned mistake father took northern michigan fishing camp found dull fishing bass lake night home lodge dead beat minus bass meantime eileen ten rowboat shallow section lake sitting hot sun feed worms unexciting variety small undernourished fish called gillies hated business father loved fish didn catch single fish weeks trip didn night carried enthusiasm decent pitch decided bass fishing dark leave lodge knows ordered boat row eileen bored rowing dark finally desperation began stand rock boat resulted falling lake mighty splash
york glittered front silver shops michigan boulevard silver solid remote glass bright glass silver shops walking grating iron swish train whipped passengers comfort york bound sat inside leaned plush sped past farms tiny towns slept kissed quarreled ate midnight snacks unfortunate folk york bound maud martha loved magazines york objects wonderful recalled fine talk bristling creamy tactfully shimmering ways showed pictures rooms wood paneling softly glowing touched compliment spot auburn low burn rare binding ferns rooms chinese boxes bits dreamlike crystal taste leather advertisement pages saw buy italian plates eleven hundred dollars hurry set saw buy antique french bisque figurines pale blue gold body hunger pore pages clothes interested especially care pictures women wearing carelessly rags dresses plain prices foolish food mother description enjoyed yorkers fascinated paid ten dollars ounce jar russian caviar
orphanage high carolina mountains winter snowdrifts deep institution cut village fog hides mountain peaks snow swirls valleys wind blows bitterly orphanage boys milk daily baby cottage reach door fingers stiff agony numbness carry trays cookhouse sick jerry faces frostbit put hands gloves added boys don liked late spring rhododendron bloom carpet color mountainsides soft winds stirred hemlocks called laurel pretty laurel blooms pink white autumn wanted quiet isolation troublesome writing wanted mountain air blow malaria subtropics homesick flaming maples october corn shocks pumpkins black walnut trees lift hills found living cabin belonged orphanage half mile orphanage farm took cabin asked chop wood fireplace days warm found wood needed cabin forgot order looked typewriter late afternoon startled boy stood door pointer dog companion side barked warn
leaned heavily strong young lad pointed bent weather worn walking stick distant hill direction ned gramps boy protested anymore weather rotted caved house brambles remain say nonsense nonsense scoffed wrong wrong lead direct limped distant hill briars bushes rough gramps boy grumbled find grave marker held stubbornly ned pleaded discover today reluctantly boy turned remote ridge kicked stomped brambles briars flailed bushes heavy stick chafed gramps search shack house rotted barn disappeared decades ago thing rub moss half hidden tombstone stand grave read inscription amos robb indiana infantry wasted wasted energy fumed beating fallen logs dead treetops shuffled boy coughing wheezing lead ned spot find today briars tore wrinkled skin jerked scraggly beard rested half decayed tree stump overgrown path ned stumbled narrow leaf covered stream blocked carelessly splashed shallow water sloshing slipping rough stones floating driftwood
anna fisher walking airfield ellington air force base clear lake texas flying touch missions approaching landing strip barely touching taking baby jet side plane covered glaring red yellow signs read danger warning rescue clues real jeopardy anna steps cockpit astronauts died crashes anna wearing flight suit seen days parachute apparatus head enormous helmet goes locker room national aeronautics space administration nasa quickly fashioned room women astronauts astronaut candidates selected january including women aerospace history embarked intensive training program culminate flying space shuttle missions space airplanes anna fisher husband bill moved houston texas home southern california anna begin training shuttle johnson space center anna bill doctors specializing emergency medicine applied nasa semifinals anna selected astronaut training training word tough anna finally boards shuttle mission mastered latest technological wonder space age shuttle takes rocket maneuvers orbit spacecraft lands airplane regular runway cross united states minutes
kingdom sea lived princess named lenore ten going eleven lenore fell ill surfeit raspberry tarts took bed royal physician took temperature felt pulse stick tongue royal physician worried king lenore father king heart desires king heart desires yes princess want moon moon king wise wanted told daughter moon throne room pulled bell cord pulls short pull presently lord high chamberlain room lord high chamberlain large fat wore thick glasses eyes big lord high chamberlain wise want moon king princess lenore wants moon moon moon exclaimed lord high chamberlain eyes widening look times wise yes moon king moon tonight tomorrow latest lord high chamberlain wiped forehead handkerchief blew nose loudly things majesty
energy crisis happened nation paid attention prof lucifer gorgonzola butts note systems shown rely power fossil fuels electricity ingenious gravity bird power monkey power insect power pancake power elements adverse environmental effect contrast clean quiet systems noise fumes re subjected ford brainchild rube goldberg invented professor remembered fantastic inventions commented chicago sun times editorial contraptions rube goldberg invented younger progenitors complex mechanical creatures engaged amazingly simple occupation picking stones face moon reference surveyor moonlander rube contraptions impact ultimately added term language rube goldberg according random house dictionary english language device fantastically complicated improvised appearance apt deviously complex impractical books rube observed move forward gadget strewn path mechanization aware general theme hard trivial product complicated machine rube goldberg social critic vital human funny cartoons reproduced show
cloudy mark anthony woke wednesday cloudy rain coming hoped paint tree house dried air heavy felt thick hot skin storm arrived school started black sky teachers turn lights classrooms looking windows saying dark getting mark anthony delighted exciting mornings spent school getting ready cafeteria lunch pa system principal farnum started announcements clearing throat saying testing mark anthony figure thought testing hear clear playground area tornado watch starting twelve noon continuing evening teachers asked review storm alert sheets run evacuation drill procedure students mark anthony felt shiver excitement run pleasantly scared fascinated stormy sky heard mrs prescott outlining evacuation procedure voice higher pitched usual guessed frightened attention windows watched small trees school tugging roots fitful wind thought big oak middle woods tree house lowest branches wondered nailed firmly
father home supper quiet meal mark anthony hear chewing chewing sounds started murmur built deafening roar couldn stand hear chewing forks clacking plates asked mustard didn need break spell father leave table mark anthony asked call leyden plow father yes bill expect records expenses course item item projects completed week weeded carrots sprayed squash interesting record hours mother spoke insisted wellington harry expenses jobs completed fine sounds don trust mark anthony father shoe fits mother cut sharply record expenses tells costs mark anthony record jobs completed idea information corn weedy thursday say weeded friday accept fact weeds grew rapidly usual shot glance father standing end table write plan notebook help track smiled hoped idea waves
sept days sept worst worst leyden plow afternoon dad gotten home lunch talk leyden home starting topull tipi poles shove leyden pickup truck poor bean vines hanging ran yelling stop dad re taking eyesore leyden cart plow eyesore set bean poles going tipi dad look falling want told tipis built gave sure mac looks don tipis don need re taking thing ma heard yelling gotten ready tipi hurt dad mean knew let leyden georgette school laugh weird brother told shut dad swung missed fast spent couple hours woods getting cold couldn longer house figured dad look call earl
internal combustion engine drudgery everyday living supplies power pulls plow till soil internal combustion engine means personal transportation moves trucks road trains track planes air power machines produce goods money able deliver products produced parts country promptly efficiently large segment population simple routine occupied portion power machines free breaking faced problems purchase care safe operation machines unit designed help wise decisions attempting solve problems unit basic information power machines constructed big puffing snorting steam locomotives ago powerful diesel sleek automobile high flying jet noisy power mower common source power engines driven energy burning fuel reason called heat engines heat engines general types internal combustion external combustion fig word combustion term burning internal combustion engine energy obtained burning fuel inside engine familiar piston engine passenger cars internal combustion engine external combustion engine energy fuel burned engine steam engine external combustion engine
piston continues stroke detail fig skirt piston uncovers exhaust port cylinder intake port exhaust port uncovered remaining pressure created expanding gases released port carrying products combustion intake port uncovered pressure cylinder pressure crankcase part slightly compressed fuel mixture crankcase blown cylinder piston cylinder designed mixture directed parts cylinder simultaneously eject remaining exhaust gases exhaust port refer detail fig piston completes stroke momentum flywheel continues rotate crankshaft rotary motion applies force connecting rod piston forcing piston outward cylinder skirt piston closes intake exhaust ports charge air fuel mixture trapped cylinder piston moves outward air fuel mixture compressed outward movement piston decreases pressure crankcase atmospheric pressure decrease pressure lifts crankcase reeds seats permits air flow carburetor replenish air fuel mixture crankcase air fuel mixture oil lubricate moving parts engine excess oil mixture burned air fuel mixture amount air fuel mixture enters crankcase controlled throttle valve carburetor
ramjet simplest airstream reaction engines cylindrical tube open ends igniter fuel nozzle extending combustion chamber burn highly flammable fuel gasoline kerosene ramjet starter rammed air rocket power device high speed compress air high temperature air fuel mixture ignite fig operating speed reached force air intake end maintain balance pressure hold burning gases combustion chamber force tail pipe flame holder combustion chamber prevents burning gases moving exhaust nozzle ram effect produced high speed engine air shape intake end tube smaller diameter intake opening larger diameter combustion chamber defusing effect decreasing velocity increasing pressure ramjet engine reached operating speed gases continue burn igniter fuel injected combustion chamber control jet launched suited high speed fixed range operation missiles auxilliary booster high speed jet aircraft pulse jet represents step design airstream reaction engines tube shaped enlarged forward intake end diaphragms open close engine pulse diaphragms actuated pressure air compressed mixed fuel
shaft distributor geared directly camshaft engine spark cylinder small adjustments timing spark moving distributor clockwise counterclockwise direction shaft called setting ignition timing adjustment spark plug fire earlier piston cycle spark advanced spark plug fires later piston cycle spark retarded accurate ignition timing essential engine performance attempt engine proper equipment training breakerless electronic ignition system early makes models fig system replaces mechanical contact breaker points condenser rubbing block cam reluctor pickup control unit advantages electronic breakerless system understand breaker point system works fig shows typical breaker point ignition system older models breaker point systems point gap important efficient engine operation turn affects fuel economy air pollution block rubbing distributor cam begins wear closes gap points frequent adjustment addition wear factor contact points begin deteriorate due metal transfer caused arcing points points wear oxidation erosion leads engine misfire breakerless system reluctor pickup unit replaced rubbing block breaker points function electronically reduces reluctance resistance magnetic flow
water boils deg sea level raise boiling point water putting pressure increasing air pressure surface liquid increase temperature boil deg pound pressure increase placing lb pressure cap system permits coolant heat temperature deg deg boils pressure cap spring loaded valves closed seal system larger pressure valve smaller vacuum valve fig pressure valve acts safety valve relieve extra pressure system vacuum valve opens pressure system drops air pressure engine cools higher pressure forces vacuum valve open allowing air enter system overflow pipe water pump circulate radiator coolant located front side engine block receives coolant lower tank radiator forces water jacket engine upper tank centrifugal pump impeller blades force coolant outward impeller rotates fig centrifugal pump circulates quantities liquid size clog easily permits limited circulation thermosiphon action hot water enters top radiator cools passes radiator leaves bottom radiator reenter engine engine operates efficiently hot cold quicker reach normal operating temperature
preceding units seen internal combustion engine burns fuel produce power form rotary motion unit study parts carry transmit motion wheels car propeller boat combination parts called power train small motor scooter power train complicated pulleys drive belt scooter light pushed hill hand range speeds acceleration requirements doubt observed gasoline engine pulling power running fairly high rate speed turning slowly reason gears automobile transmission efficient engine speeds slow speed tasks include pulling mud sand climbing steep hill starting standstill engine power output greater higher engine speeds accelerate car rapidly help gears familiar rapid acceleration modern car standing start high gear car set motion care part driver acceleration slow kick passing gear feature overdrives automatic transmissions merely lower gear greater acceleration gears greater braking effect engine racing drivers shift approach corners truckers shift lower gear start mountain grades
hydraulic jack practical application liquids multiplying force output piston lifting platform area times greater input piston jack handle output piston lift weight times greater amount force exerted input piston original force applied multiplied times distance traveled pistons opposite output piston travel input piston specifically input piston fig area sq cylinder connected passage large cylinder output piston area sq large piston supports lifting platform raise load force lb applied input piston pressure psi produced hydraulic fluid psi act entire area output piston sq surface resulting force times psi lb lifting force initial force lb multiplied force capable lifting half ton hydraulic system shown fig simplified easier understand forces multiplied hydraulic jack actually valves prevent weight load forcing fluid system valves provide means lowering load conventional hydraulic brake system applies brake shoes disc brake pads wheels equalized pressure pedal operated hydraulic system consists master cylinder fig connected pipes flexible tubing wheel cylinders calipers fig
ability select proper tool operation basic job servicing power equipment addition keeping tools clean repair orderly stored saves helps prevent injury damage tools parts serviced tools fasteners frequently power mechanics dealt unit typical usages basic tools shown accompanying illustrations look service manuals trade magazines tools recommended special operations hammers fall types hard face soft face fig hard face hammers generally fill need striking device soft face brass plastic rubber faced hammers operations parts damaged striking soft metal parts hard face hammer mushroom effect change shape metal assortment punches shown fig shape shank punch suggests operation center punch pointed serves locate starting point drilling hole material pin punch straight shank drive pins keys starting aligning punch tapered pin punch start pin removal helps line holes matching parts screwdrivers classified shape driving blade common types single slot standard cross slotted phillips fig assortment types sizes lengths handle screw turning jobs light duty holding bending cutting jobs pliers
consider number automobiles country add airplanes ships locomotives trucks stationary engines outboard engines motor scooters midget cars lawn mowers machines internal combustion engines easily varied career opportunities designing building servicing repairing power machines key success power mechanics important habit develop job goes school part full job step career ladder based success previous step move skilled mechanic technician levels increasing need basic skills math science reading writing able read follow instructions service manuals perform simplest tasks repair maintenance machines courses math reading writing turned interest real live problems machines provide avenue learn skills help industrial arts teacher career guidance teacher teachers basic subjects jobs average success compete reach highest level accomplishment select career matches ability ways discovering special talents complete sampling industrial arts courses discover enjoy part courses visit repair shops parts stores manufacturing plants observe workers
written communications reports letters memorandums order forms needed everyday operations business firms organizations businesses stay business operate efficiently important store written communications standard systematic manner filing simply classifying arranging storing records found quickly needed file find records easily efficiently set basic rules filing learn ten key adding machine ten key adding machine similar keyboard basic rules filing file find records rapidly follow basic rules remember files business records found needed say purpose filing system retrieval finding removal records files filing responsibilities accept office job centralized filing department files supervisor files supervisor files filing basic part office tell person interviewing organize papers file order find quickly likely favorable impression office workers bother learn basic rules filing inability locate record needed throw entire office chaos office occupation requires knowledge kind system filing written records
rules setting letter typewriter rules filing records office rules called indexing rules indexing rules determine order records filed rules files learn indexing rules familiar filing terms need indexing rules set names arranged according alphabet aware method called alphabetizing let names allen bryant morris walters listed order alphabet letter allen comes letter bryant letter bryant comes letter morris letter morris comes letter walters burton follow bryant letter burton follows letter bryant alphabet letter names part person organization called unit arthur ray allen units arthur ray allen names firms units barretts paper container company units barretts paper container company indexing selection caption record filed select caption determine order units considered margaret ferguson indexing occur making decision file record margaret ferguson
vertical card files frequently posted card records customer ledger cards bank kind file vertical card files index records address files records organized drawers open cabinets guides correspondence files organized case folders card separate address subject product information vertical card files compact deal information stored small place advantage businesses space costs money standard cards vertical card files measure inches inches inches side card rests stored dimension tabulated punched cards data processing measure inches punched card files offices data processing machines size card directly related amount kind information recorded quickly accurately find cards filed guide twenty fifty cards prepare cards kind file type caption line top card additional key information close caption read removing card file visible card files visible files short index card records address files posted records cards visible files stored horizontally drawers edges overlapping
business firm individual station system filing central location system worker charge files individual station stenographer secretary responsible papers executives procedures individual station formal central filing workers central filing location responsible records number executives departments company important records company stored location case procedures filing requesting records strictly defined experience shown records lost misplaced filed efficient filing system begins records file cabinets definite procedure established business regular reliable collection records need filed procedure regardless size organization regardless files individual stations central filing department large organization mail filing departments employees small office employs workers sure employees responsible filing follow set organized procedures filing records incoming correspondence exception personal mail opened stamped small offices hand machine rubber stamp stamp date later responsibility fixed amount elapses piece correspondence received answered handled
job include borrowed records making sure record returned files due date length papers depends office valuable confidential papers returned files end longer case file worker set definite check charge outs trace records longer allowed loan period longer records stay files apt misplaced responsible files establish follow procedures procedures reduce number lost records file drawers check simple matter person responsible files check due dates borrowed records substitution cards guides folders file drawers file drawers check desk tickler file tickler file follow file organized date tickler file system works record charged requisition card inserted pocket guide attached substitution card duplicate copy requisition card tickler file date borrowed record returned files regardless follow system person responsible files checks determine records due notifies borrower borrower needs records due date extended
subject files meet requirements individual business highly unlikely subject files organized manner let look files public vocational school accepts students public high schools private schools vocational school located large metropolitan area approximately students faculty members administrators office staff custodians cafeteria workers school part employee school system order maintain vocational center classes equipment supplies continuous basis means school deals hundreds suppliers equipment manufacturers accommodate records school filing systems correspondence personnel files alphabetic student files maintained student home school need duplicated vocational school requisition files maintained subject course equipment supplies needed major heading subject areas requisition files administrative files subject filing system organizing files manner information found easily logical order set according requested basic processes inspecting indexing coding sorting storing remain unchanged subject filing similar alphabetic correspondence filing subject filing records deal subject requested record filed important subject cross subjects
card index list identify assigned numbers important elements numeric system card correspondent subject number folder assigned symbol cards correspondents subjects records stored miscellaneous alphabetic file replaced permanent number correspondent subject assigned individual folder main numeric file cards card index arranged alphabetically alphabetic systems cross reference sheet telling record stored folders person look record numeric system cross card index illustration shows worker looking information card index mannheim machines company referred office machines folder number steps numeric filing similar alphabetic systems numeric coding card index shows number assigned correspondent subject upper hand corner record stored miscellaneous alphabetic file records accumulated correspondent subject records transferred miscellaneous alphabetic file numeric file number obtained consulting numeric file register numeric sorting records arranged hundreds tens finally correct numeric sequence records coded pile numeric sorting sorted alphabetically storing records coded record proper folder miscellaneous alphabetic file
businesses conduct control operations according districts businesses branch offices organize records regions real estate firms government agencies public utilities find advantageous geographic filing system system based alphabetic arrangement records location subject factors considered organizing geographic filing system type business records geographic locations company activities specific differences system basic features common geographic filing systems names largest important geographic divisions occurring operations business generally primary guides file drawer secondary guides subdivisions main geographic units alphabetic sections geographic divisions subdivisions illustration page largest geographic divisions states subdivisions shown cities towns states businesses foreign countries main divisions towns cities countries subdivisions organizations towns cities main divisions streets subdivisions filing needs business determine geographic divisions systems individual folder started correspondent justifies pieces correspondence place folder caption folder lists city town correspondent city town listed city town guide nearer folder guide
continuing computers automatic typewriters typesetting equipment word processing micrographics facilities businesses handle file records differ size format paper records manufacturers provide filing equipment types office machines sell increasing word processing equipment machines large small tape cartridges magnetic cards paper tape floppy disks kinds media part temporary permanent records businesses organizations word processing equipment reason filed stored located easily needed container hold copy material recorded media copy instructions media person company sells magnetic card typewriter developed small folder card easily inserted card numbered company sells cards place folder card number room record title description card instructions instructions include margin tab settings typewriter include lengthy information typewriter stops line material needs begin material contained card confidential manufacturers included automatic typewriters desk typewriter permanently fixed
common iron ores magnetite hematite limonite compounds iron oxygen iron oxides obtain iron ores remove oxygen process removing oxygen compound called reduction reduction yields metal iron uncombined element iron ores reduced form carbon charcoal coke high temperatures carbon unites oxygen ore leaving iron metal hematite varies color earthy red metallic black streak reddish brown red rocks soils owe color hematite chemical formula hematite explain formula means terms atoms grind hematite powder test powder magnet magnetic grind charcoal powder mix equal quantities charcoal hematite powders put teaspoonful mixture test tube heat mixture gas flame glows red hot put glowing splint wood test tube happens conclusion draw dump hot mixture pottery plate flat rock let cool test powder magnet happened hematite iron ore varies color earthy brown metallic black streak brown rocks soils owe brown color limonite iron rust limonite alike chemically chemical formula limonite written compare formula hematite ways minerals alike ways formula amount water crystallization varies
cooling molten rock materials studied directly conclusions drawn analogies slowly heat tablespoonful powdered sulfur melts pour liquid sulfur paper cone shown left melt equal quantity sulfur pour cold water sulfur hardened break open masses examine hand lens rate cooling affected sulfur geologists call molten rock deep earth magma call molten rock reaches surface lava magma lava geologists believe magma large amounts dissolved gases escape magma reaches surface dissolved gases affect chemical physical properties magma unlike lava kinds magma identified study plutonic rocks evidence helps disprove theory center earth large body molten rock igneous rocks produced nearly known magma gained study ancient rocks formed deep earth uncovered erosion believed magma pushed upward depths melting bedrock magma cools form huge bodies rock kilometers thousands meters deep small amounts magma squeeze cracks bedrock moving outward upward magma reach surface flow lava molten rock reaches surface cools quickly rock hours days magma cracks harden magma large bodies beneath surface requires thousands harden
shortcuts lawn field grass soon dies walk study tightly soil packed line path mark equal spaces pencil shown push pencil point soil cm path pressing palm hand record depth pencil pushed pressure uncomfortable move cm closer path test soil repeat testing cm cm path side plot observations graph compare graph shown soil compaction term describe amount soil packed walking soil affect soil compaction walking soil affect plant growth calibrated pencil study compaction soils species plants grow species plants grow soils slightly compacted plants survive highly compacted soil thin metal rod hammer holes ground cm deep measure temperature top soil depths plot temperature depth data graph repeat measurements times weather conditions sunny cloudy days plot information graph soil conduct heat explain answer picture left shows underground corridors chambers ant colony temperature expect find depths ant colony warm
photograph left shows effect weathering called exfoliation find exfoliation occurs research geologist carefully put polished block granite lamp lamp timed minutes ten minutes light fan cooled rock temperature surface block ranged treatment geologist repeated times apparent change block began spraying fine mist water rock light ten days treatment granite block lost polish crystals feldspar clouded exfoliation cracks appeared geologists think water combines chemically crystals outer portion rock crystals grow larger added water outer layers peel layers onion freezing thawing important weathering process warm periods water seeps cracks pores cold periods water freezes expands forces split rocks exerted expanding water middle photograph shows blocks granite pushed freezing water frost action help speed weathering processes rocks divided cracks geologists call joints cracks small seen rock exposed weathering eventually widens similar shown middle photograph joints provide pathways air water seep weaken rock breaks easily sedimentary rocks show layers geologists call bedding
mix dry plaster paris dry poster paint colored chalk dust spread thin layer mixture mold add layer white plaster layer colored plaster continue layers alternating colors mold dampen plaster set remove mold imagine block plaster represents sediments deposited delta beneath thousands meters sediments weight sediments squeezed cemented later delta raised sea level upper layers eroded pretend streams flowing block knife cut channels streams dig rock layers trace beds stream channels real rocks tracing bed times beds difficult trace geologists claim beds buried beneath surface rocks seen basis claims assumptions geologists assumptions wrong beds cliff deposited bed oldest fossils trilobites found upper beds trilobites found beds line type trilobite lived earlier history suppose layer rocks kilometers trilobites inferences age layer geologists believe dinosaurs lived elephants birds appeared dinosaurs appeared evidence provide basis beliefs
crater formed lava mouth volcano recedes lower exit exists lava bottom crater remains molten called firepit occasionally major explosion blows larger part volcanic cone leaving huge cavity top volcano instances lava volcano recedes volcano top collapses type pit properly called caldera inactive craters fill water form small lakes true crater lakes apt occur cinder cones loose materials cone porous calderas fill water conditions suitable crater lake oregon properly speaking caldera lake lake caldera fully pages volcanic cones tend erode rapidly active growing volcanoes trenched gullies loose materials cone easily dislodged wind running water types solidified lava weather rapidly hand forms solidified lava resist erosion remain parts cone removed throat volcano plugged resistant lava remains tower volcanic cone eroded devil tower wyoming thought volcanic remnant age volcanic eruptions determined fossils sedimentary rocks volcanic deposits evidence shows activity times western north america volcanoes especially active million ago million ago million ago present
isotopes carbon carbon radioactive carbon comprises million millionth isotopes carbon living organisms half amount carbon decay span called half carbon detect decay sensitive instruments carbon constantly produced upper atmosphere atoms nitrogen struck cosmic rays transformed carbon tell carbon produced constant rate earth atomic bomb exploded newly produced carbon soon evenly mixed isotopes carbon air carbon living plants animals living things constant proportion carbon alive living thing dies longer takes carbon carbon system continues decay geologists calculate age dead tree determine carbon carbon calculate radioactivity carbon find living things today geological events repeat regularly mountain building accompanied continental uplift general retreat oceans volcanoes poured vast amounts molten rock surface climate caused ice caps form poles snow falling newly formed mountains flowing glaciers running water constantly worn land moved large amounts sediments lower lands sequence events took place period approximately million
shapes moon observed month called phases note phases moon shown left phases moon called gibbous quarter crescent phases similar top photographs left left side lighted brightly lit surface moon seen earth phase called moon describe positions sun moon earth set projector white ball stool activity shown remove lens projector imagine projector sun ball moon stool earth sit imaginary earth notice region view earth shaped dome let region left represent east overhead north west south shown slowly turn imaginary earth counterclockwise shown arrow direction sun rise set direction moon rise set note shape imaginary moon viewed position shown imaginary earth turning slowly move moon slowly earth moon move change phases manner real moon examine observations phases moon darkened part moon seen phases phases faint light makes dark part moon visible called earthshine crescent phase
draw cm diameter circle index cards form image sun card sun image size circle mark circle position sunspot repeat observation days propose explanation observations photographs days photographs support explanation note regions labeled photo page astronomers noted sunspots region move return original position days sunspots region days region days observation tell sun surface top left photograph shows huge loop gas escaping surface sun feature called solar prominence note small round circle photograph circle shows large earth solar prominence picture shows part sun facing earth lighter regions called solar flares dark line middle flare thought solar prominence notice strange flickering colored lights night sky lights called auroras northern hemisphere auroras brightest northern sky northern aurora called aurora borealis northern lights wondered strange glow simple explanation found events happened studied hopes finding relationship event occurs aurora solar flare order understand northern lights understand earth magnetic field
test gas air add tablespoonsful concentrated potassium hydroxide solution ml water jar put clean dry test tube open end jar comparison fill test tube breath inserting clean test tube hole stopper glass tube hole blow glass tube replace air inside breath quickly remove stopper put test tube open end jar shown page mark level solution inside test tube jar happened level solution test tubes hours explain change levels test tube greater change level solution chemists tell gas air reacts potassium hydroxide carbon dioxide test tube carbon dioxide peculiar odor noticed electrical equipment caused gas ozone ozone special form oxygen molecule atoms oxygen usual ozone active chemically oxygen bleach cloth kill bacteria remove odors unstable breaking readily produce oxygen gas electric sparks change oxygen gas ozone method ozone manufacturing plants ozone rare low levels atmosphere high levels important part atmosphere absorbs rays sun ultraviolet harmful living things
person stands top meter peak half earth atmosphere cubic meter air height weighs half sea level person takes half air breath empty bottle half molecules air airplanes affected ways decreased density high altitudes meet air resistance forward motion easier hand air provide upward force wings fast maintain altitude commercial planes fly meters rockets depend atmosphere lift high altitude travel advantage air resistance low high altitudes cubic meter space air oxygen percentage composition remains picture shows candle flames altitudes rate oxygen supplied flame decreases density air decreases chemical reaction slows heat produced meters reaction slow maintain flame meters difficult oxygen masks conquest mt everest graph left temperatures atmosphere altitudes red line shows atmospheric temperatures position ground level temperature blue line shows temperatures position ground level temperature according graph lowest temperature pilot expect find upper atmosphere levels find temperature
air warmed ground expands rises slides cold air mass expanding warm air cools clouds form rain fall warm front approaches diagram shows types clouds form warm front describe clouds rainfall warm front heaviest warm front low altitudes warm air slides upward front cools moisture rain decreases high wispy cirrus clouds sign approaching warm front cirrus clouds ice crystals describe clouds warm mass continues approach warm front part cyclonic storm study diagrams preceding page usual wind direction warm front passes expected pressure temperature humidity list signs identify approaching warm front predictions identified red arrow shows happens warm air ahead advancing cold front suggest ways warm air mass cooled lifting warm air cools dew point producing clouds condensation process releases heat process cloud rise clouds high winds hail lightning usual wind direction cold front passes expected pressure temperature humidity air cold front dry skies clear weather follows air moist warmed bottom passing warm surfaces sky remain covered heavy clouds
photograph shows region waterway slows enters ocean river loses velocity particles carries fall bottom particles block flow water river constantly pushed wide marshy areas called estuaries estuaries flood drain tide flows past estuaries considered important places rivers meet oceans built land wet areas dump solid waste piled high build factory shopping center soon estuary markings began disappear maps solid land buildings took place phenomenon noticed forms scarce ocean study learned sea animals menhaden anchovies striped bass spend part lives estuaries estuaries animals animals part food web fish die rivers bring dissolved chemicals sea sea animals clams remove calcium carbonate seawater calcium carbonate sea animals shells recently chemicals added sea harmful examples insecticides ddd ddt dieldrin war ii insecticides ddt kill insects molecules ddt completely biodegradable readily broken smaller harmless molecules molecules dead tree broken
geologists concerned earth history detectives search clues geologists look evidence reconstruct conditions planet millions ago addition advancing knowledge gaining personal satisfaction solving problems practical advantages study earth history valuable materials ores gas coal oil constant demand increasing needs growing population knowledge earth history requirement find materials geologists devote reconstructing past geologists employed mining petroleum fields geologist knowledge vitally important engineers build dams highways bridges buildings need geologist knowledge nature underlying soils rocks chemical composition structure soil factors engineers account build lasting structures environmentally sound specialized fields recognized geology paleontology study earth ancient times study includes concern living things landforms geochronologists mainly concerned organizing geologic events sequence cases involved finding methods establishing age land formation fossil living thing changing shape earth crust interest geomorphologists study energy forces shape ocean bottoms continents scientists contributed development theory explain shape earth crust trying explain position continents origin ocean basins occurrence mountain chains surface features
photograph shows hundreds islands bahama islands located km southeast southern florida islands perched separate seamounts sticking ocean floor note islands diagram page region places earth scientists study firsthand processes form limestone common sedimentary rock main producers insoluble calcium carbonate sea animals coral sea plants algae coral clams relatives dissolved minerals seawater form hard body coverings wave action breaks structures sediments settle sea floor algae remove calcium carbonate previous page warm clear water aid algae growth coral growth east coast islands sediments carried shallow region west note deeper regions edge photograph ocean floor region varies meters limey sediments island reach depth meters explain terms crust island regions interest geologists iceland geological variety includes easiest place study mid ocean ridge water active volcanoes numerous glaciers bubbling molten lava surrounded glacier steam vents hot springs heat power largest city iceland island south coast formed volcano sea floor island grew large reached ocean surface small island labeled photograph called surtsey
amy spring crossed school playground eyes downcast hi heard close ear hello hi hello amy felt lonely red brick city school small rambling school reservation bouncing playground friends crowded morning amy looked bates teacher joining basketball game amy wished bates wouldn ask questions ring children stared amy shook head shyly don want play slowly walked reservation urge part started things midst tumbleweed didn belong social studies class bates study desert country today looked amy classmate nevada desert amy tell land arid question eyes turned amy chuck especially challenge chuck sat front amy smartest boy class chuck spoke storms blow pacific drained dry high cold sierra peaks air funnels eastern side mountains dries water amy angry answered school amy straight home longer waited older brother ron lately busy home small apartment cozy paiute art walls woven baskets beaded moccasins arrowheads
summer vacation alison marra loose ends finished chores plans allison suggested picnic cow calves small islands forty minutes row harbor sheep cow island thought ram big calf small beach calf scarcely rock terns nested ruins hermit cabin give sense strangeness knew hermit ago built shelter died walls beach stones standing single spruce tree thought pirate children dug treasure found sign wonder drinking water say catchment foot cliff suggest spring dried known happen special calf didn believe ghosts girls told scared ghost harm alison won hurt thing don suppose true heard queer noises jerry sinclair digging northeaster sudden nearly swamped dory marra
minutes later excited children stairs street lucy let boys front eye took bonnie hand green street block dennis called shoulder christopher dodging crowded sidewalk lucy hurried pulling bonnie buzzer sounded opened door green studio green small showroom stood lamps tall stands surrounding single chair green round round bald head round cheerful face round belly round toed shoes feet round glasses eyes round dark wise asked looked face lucy drew breath pictures credit green smiled gently lucy pushed bonnie front show bonnie wiggled front tooth green tooth asked surprise lucy re loose tooth rush words explained mom milestone desire group picture present important mama inquired green lucy spoil knew green slowly thoughtfully picture pay
jahdu running feet tall yes jahdu lived high atop mountain paths home black gum tupelo tree pine forest covering mountain tree jahdu paths valley paths animal children lived mountain walked jahdu believed paths animal children walked safe safe paths jahdu run jahdu didn jahdu running path animal children animal children stopped bandicoot rat fell ground grew stiff screamed cried loudly mother brown bear cub stood hind leg hopped circles bumping fawn stepping baby otter brown bear cub sang wordless song young woodchuck raccoon girl wolf child wandered pine wood lost animal children sat path moaning trembling took jahdu hour gather animal children path tied rope led path knew safe let loose path jahdu find fast caused animal children stop hop fall act silly
summer winter coming pa trip town minnesota town pa ma going took carrie carrie left ma mary laura big girls mary going laura going stay home care pa ma going town ma dress carrie pink calico laura worn carrie pink sunbonnet carrie hair curl papers night hung golden round curls ma tied pink sunbonnet strings carrie chin carrie looked rose ma wore hoopskirts dress beautiful challis strawberries worn sugaring dance grandma ago big woods girls laura mary thing wagon seat carrie lunch wagon pa took ox goad sundown promised hi oop pete bright big ox leaned yoke wagon started bye pa bye ma bye carrie bye laura mary called slowly wagon pa walked oxen ma carrie wagon pa grew smaller till prairie prairie big empty afraid
bright wind float flag andy started library book lions took book home read read andy read supper read evening bedtime grandfather told tall stories hunting lions africa story ended gave bar ls night andy dreamed night africa hunting lions morning andy woke sun looking window prince tugging bed clothes lions left andy thinking andy thinking lions breakfast mother gave hair final brush andy started school andy walked swinging books whistling tune turn road noticed sticking big rock bend looked queer andy prince crept cautiously investigate moved lion moment andy thought going lion thought ran ran rock whichever andy ran lion whichever lion ran andy stopped breath lion held paw show andy matter big thorn stuck paw andy idea told lion patient thorn fortunately andy carried pliers pocket overalls
place north oraibi coyote living rooster living dark night coyote going looking eat darkness met rooster sitting high rock greeted rooster saying ha rooster greeted coyote coyote home night rooster sun rise coyote seriously sun rise rooster answered coyote contrary power sun let test rooster makes sun acknowledged sun caller coyote try sat haunches pointed nose sky howled summon sun breathless sky remained black rooster try stretched neck flapped wings crowed times crowed night black coyote turn howled breathless darkness rooster wasting show stretched neck flapped wings crowed called sun happened
rabbit monkey talking talking constantly gave bad habit monkey course scratching paw rabbit fearing attacked enemy turning head directions animals able amazing rabbit monkey stop scratching moment amazing turning head reason answered monkey easily stop rabbit wanted let let try moves lose bet rabbit agreed watched moved soon impossible monkey itched itched badly rabbit hand sure enemy going jump finally rabbit stand longer bet mean tell stories pass answered monkey foreseeing trick part rabbit monkey planning trick start rabbit imagine open field terrible danger strangely thing happened interrupted monkey continued rabbit saw dogs jumping field directions
thi kihn beautiful black hair fragrant big dark eyes sparkled living stars spoke laughed young miles begged hand marriage thi kinh refused preferring marry poor simple village thi kinh worked rice fields attended household chores night hard thi kinh didn mind endless toil loved home husband heart content afternoon thi kinh sitting outdoors shelling shrimp evening meal husband napped hammock thi kinh gazed fondly husband noticed hairs beard growing wrong direction hut sharp knife thi kinh tiptoed husband lay bent intending shave hair slept thi kinh husband stirred sleep knife slipped scratched cheek awoke start saw thi kinh standing holding knife leaped feet alarm trying murder screamed astonished thi kinh murderess leave house thi kinh surprised husband angry words unable speak neighbors heard commotion running matter thi kinh tried kill husband told look knife blood shamed husband awful accusation thi kinh bowed head began weep
elephants crashed forests north america camels lived land horses deer mammoths huge herds bison buffalo roamed plains saber toothed tigers sprang hiding passing horses deer giant shaggy coated ground sloths uprooted trees ate leaves land alive wolves lions wild pigs bears dozens kinds animals ice end ice age fourths animals disappeared north america found lands earth ice age felt ways begin ice creeping forward covering land making forests fall ice lay thick land thousands cold moved ahead ice carried winds swept glaciers cold plants north spreading south southern plants spread farther south times ice melted drew plants spread slowly north shifting plant important plants basic form food earth animals eat plants animals eat animals eat plants eat plants animals plant moved animal moved part ice age groups moved herders hunters animals animals plants animals kinds survived ice age kinds survived place died
girl discovered amazing paintings altamira cave cave northern spain holds important clues prehistoric cave story discovered famous interesting girl maria daughter spanish nobility family lived gray stone castle tiny village santillana del mar village limestone hills rise bay biscay story begins maria father don marcelino de visited paris saw prehistoric stone tools carved antlers found france interested decided search clues cave decided cave castle place begin northern spain place france cave homes discovered don marcelino left paris asked proper explore cave learned dig feet earth reaching signs cave home told dig carefully sift bit soil sure miss tiniest scrap bone smallest bit chipped stone don marcelino returned home determined follow directions carefully proud find stone tools bits bone adding knowledge prehistoric ancestors entrance cave don marcelino chosen narrow crack earth rocky meadow known crack cave
hunting party path cave valley head line hunters marek shaman young son marek son late morning hunting party reached side valley party comes pass leading land plains hills grazing land game found times sun pale dawn partly hidden clouds wet raw wind bites faces hunters weather worse marek studies sky knows sudden storms spring dangerous rugged pass storm breaks hunters hurriedly seek cover climbing steep walls ravine seek places high safe flash flood flood soon rushing loud rumble thunder echoes ravine lightning flashes low clouds gusts wet icy wind lash hunters hidden rocks clouds burst wall water roars narrow pass trees rocks trapped animals carried rushing stream cave dwellers chosen high places storm suddenly storm marek left place safety climb rocks trickle water runs floor ravine carefully marek leads party ahead suddenly stops huge rock hanging cliff comes crashing swiftly hunters draw moment
east wind blowing boys walked heads butting alexander managed blow whistle john felt safe alexander older afraid stopped buy apples woman found sheltered doorway wrapped worn cloak lingered talk cabin boy lounging deck moored vessel sea fight algerine pirates told proudly shipwrecked invited cabin captain pet monkey john anxious find cushing promising friends ship painter kinder john hoped gave crocks paint added brushes small want explained need scroll fur brush delicate things half worn luck tell cushing count sisters finished fortnight alexander helped john carry crocks left door inside continued john mother didn want minutes later hard painting picture walls lucy locket purred sleepily middle bed john learned quickly handle paints pleased picture
john painting noise noise bells bells upset coming press gang carrying alexander thing paint wanted paint picture express feelings alexander coming bells john hold idea thick thin king george throne couldn hold alexander bells boston ordered let prisoners john wanted paint picture triumph knowing bible knew painted large picture re wasting mrs copley shaking head spoke habit lucy locket glad john busy upstairs usual played brushes dipped paw paint pot drew hastily shook curl middle bed licking paint covered paw making faces john noticed painting mother called eat surprised didn feel hungry thirsty washed hands cold water bowl room lucy locket stretched looking master john downstairs ate dinner answered spoken folded napkin slipped upstairs gift mother thought impressed spite absorption
john singleton copley brought wharf widowed mother tobacco shop mrs copley married peter pelham live upper end king street quaker meeting house john watch stepfather engravings spent studio fourteen stepfather died john began support mother half brother professional portrait painter chosen write days john ninth course knowles riots copleys lived wharf thirty boston tea party independent fearless city boston fought rights royal governor royal navy succeeded forcing return stolen young popular democratic uprising forerunner revolution living wharf riot began ended john mother necessarily midst later famous england america liked tell children boy painted plaster walls room wharf picture moses children israel coming red sea read details riot transactions colonial society massachusetts caleb snow charming history boston published owe initial interest subject entirely james thomas vivid short history american painting fortified biography john singleton copley
today americans think country part british colonial empire america colonial history lasted britain influence america fundamental english language america basic concepts government religion morality education business art america britain united states product england england defeated spanish armada spain portugal dominated english french dutch swedish sailed atlantic challenged spain north america later descendants groups immigrants nations joined form distinct american culture middle eighteenth century british french competing control north america british settled ribbon thirteen colonies atlantic coast wanted move west brought conflict french claimed vast arc territory extending st lawrence river lakes mississippi gulf mexico british french colonists fought french indian war war spread europe war empire britain victory war secured empire difficulties lay ahead french indian war english settlers america demanded received colonial governments privileges immunities englishmen england colonists governing resented interference french indian war british leaders ignorant colonial attitude need revenue pay costs administering enlarged british empire passed laws american colonists objected
ninety cent america colonial population earned living soil reasons easy find colonists farmers homelands dependable source food essential furnished land abundance agricultural development colonies reflected differences geographic conditions farm economy england colonies hampshire massachusetts rhode island connecticut developed differently middle atlantic colonies york jersey pennsylvania delaware farm economy colonies varied turn southern colonies maryland virginia north carolina south carolina georgia nature fitted england commerce agriculture coast afforded harbors bays undulating rock strewn land farming difficult profitable colonies south england soil needed constant attention hired help expensive farmers farms small worked family families produced grain vegetables feed farm animals small surplus sale england farmers lived village town england centered town farmers took advantage common pastures graze cattle profited proximity church school protection blockhouse event indian attack middle atlantic colonies produced grain abundance known bread colonies supplied exported grain england west indies south products included livestock fruit vegetables meat dairy products dutch immigrants hudson valley settled large estates farms area generally extensive
short period calm repeal stamp act future colonies looked promising william pitt friend colonies britain prime minister unfortunately colonies pitt ill charles townshend britain chancellor exchequer assumed control parliament hoping relieve british taxpayers heavy burden townshend proposed colonial taxation anxious avoid renewal controversy internal taxes conform american position townshend determined levy external taxes parliament import duties items tea glass lead paint paper townshend provisions effective collection taxes authorizing superior courts colonies issue writs assistance establishing vice courts try cases involving smuggling money paid fines penalties cases pay expenses colonial government threatened remove colonies control purse strings ultimate weapon conflicts colonial governors provision arouse strongest colonial reaction encouraged success opposition stamp act american colonists organized similar resistance townshend duties taxes hurt england merchants massachusetts center resistance suggestion samuel adams massachusetts issued circular letter inviting colonies join resisting oppression letter denounced townshend acts violating principle taxation representation attacked crown attempting colonial governors judges independent british government outlawed massachusetts circular letter ordered colonial governors dissolve assemblies supporting
scholarly affable james madison political philosophers served country wisely fourth president contributions constitutional convention ratification constitution jefferson deputy secretary madison lacked practical political skill needed congress deal foreign affairs result allowed nation drawn war britain war wished avoid passage non intercourse act david erskine britain minister united states assured american leaders britain revoke orders council pleased madison jefferson anxious preserve peace assuming erskine acted instructions london madison announced reopening trade britain erskine exceeded instructions george canning britain foreign minister repudiated agreement recalled erskine humiliated madison revived non intercourse act britain act due expire congress passed law replace macon bill called authorized president reopen trade france britain provided britain france repeal oppressive commercial decrees united states restore non intercourse nation macon bill proved beneficial britain helped france enabled america send needed raw materials britain help war effort hand britain powerful navy continued blockade french ports effectively napoleon gained macon bill determined stop flow raw materials britain disrupt anglo american relations napoleon tried diplomatic trick
live mechanized age hundreds objects consider comfortable part machine clothing dishes silverware furniture hardware purchased ready designers skilled laborers salespeople involved design manufacture sale items country infancy colonists forced lead sufficient lives settler built home furnished aid hand tools skills memories brought homeland artisans period materials indulge elaborate decoration colonial design simple sturdy style lasting impact future generations american designers decorative arts influenced variety foreign ideas artisans america period craftsmen traditional designs homelands crafts imports dominated market american designers felt compelled copy imported luxuries rarely seacoast americans pushed westward expanding nation carry necessities rely plain designs additional furnishings advancements fields science technology centuries reflected crafts wares home workshop produced steam powered machines factories furnishings required care artisan turned abundance assembly line mass production commonplace luxuries necessities machine age art handicraftsman rarity past
significant developments half nineteenth century growing concern distress evils slavery led movement abolition evils direct attention need reforms reformers united states europe believed humanitarian doctrine works compassion held meetings wrote books pamphlets organized societies petitioned levels government evident phases everyday part american culture need prison reform urgent prisons filthy disease ridden pestholes kinds criminals herded debtors hardened criminals insane young shared quarters frequently unfortunate wretches robbed beaten ruthless keepers unqualified reformers convinced punishment loathsome conditions unjust bred crime sought improvement quakers philadelphia organized society alleviating miseries public prisons succeeded pennsylvania build prison walnut street prison philadelphia hardened atrocious criminals confined solitary cells overcrowded conditions prevented reforms governments generally began accept ideas prison reformers york introduced auburn system solitary confinement penitentiary auburn prisoners confined solitude separate cells night labored fellow inmates absolute silence opposed auburn system pennsylvania system exemplified pennsylvania eastern penitentiary built
civil war south solid south southerners divided variety ways lived upland areas opposed secession strong democrats jacksonian type looked union jackson nullification crisis thousands joined union armies political quarrels reflected sectional conflicts confederacy tidewater upland southerners constantly disagreed upper lower south southerners attacked davis advisors newspapers wrote scathing criticisms conduct war davis face real possibility states seceded union secede confederacy agree policies southern leaders fully realized win war cooperate jefferson davis lincoln military political experience jefferson davis president northerners including leaders high positions believed lincoln entirely unsuited presidency believed unpolished inexperienced crude westerner lincoln mistakes critics thought held union knew yield insist patient firm lincoln greatest asset ability master utilize talents final union victory appointed seward secretary chase secretary treasury ambitious wanted place seward believed lincoln leading nation weeks sumter seward handed lincoln paper called thoughts president consideration
half century civil war americans turned energies unifying developing nation settled frontier linked nation railroad telegraph feeling full force industrial revolution changed united states predominantly rural agrarian nation predominantly urban industrial nation miners led mountainous areas frontier drawn discoveries gold silver rockies highlands basin mining towns sprang die vein ore exhausted cities farmers ranchers businessmen miners cattlemen led plains open range provided grazing lands herds cattle sold shipped eastern markets cattle towns advancing railroads centers trade farmers plains build homes fence land raise crops decade nineteenth century frontier telegraph lines railroads crossed continent fanned region bound nation close knit economic unit telegraph later telephone communication part nation matter minutes matter hours railroads moved agricultural products farms ranches urban industrial areas feed growing populations hauled raw materials industrial centers industrial products corner land meet demand manufactures nation industries stimulated demands civil war moved forward unprecedented rate markets manufactures expanded settlers peopled frontier railroads spread network
colonial period early republic communication united states slow inefficient transportation colonial merchants rely agents conduct business towns cities weeks order reach destination communication travel irregular mail improved means travel developed constitution authorized congress establish post offices post roads congress established post offices mail carried roads mid fifty percent mail delivered horseback foot methods transportation postal service progressed stagecoaches replaced horses continued chief means carriage railroads gradually displaced stagecoaches soon carried bulk mail postal service improved postal rates decreased paid cents send letter distance thirty miles twenty cents distance greater miles cost cents half ounce letters traveling miles rates decreased cost cents half ounce letter going miles cents miles transportation reduced postal rates resulted increases volume mail development telegraph important advance communication pre civil war era europeans americans experimented telegraph samuel morse credited making successful application instrument
united states totaled national census population increase remarkable steady increased tenfold number doubled total including outlying areas immigration accounted substantial portion increase period greatest influx proportion foreign born native born remained major reason constant natural increase excess births deaths birth rate number births persons actually declined forty twenty death rate declined faster twenty thirteen boy born massachusetts date figures type compiled expected live thirty age white child born united states expect live ten forty average length fifty reached seventy span nonwhite population shorter increased thirty forty sixty birth rate declined decline bring decrease population achievements medicineincreased span significant medical discoveries beginning nineteenth century occurred increasing continuing rate englishman edward jenner introduced vaccination preventive smallpox late eighteenth century
edison phonograph introduced music attend concert phonographs records sold records popular songs occasionally aria famous artist italian tenor enrico caruso interest music growing erection opera houses formation support city orchestras conservatories music york symphony orchestra founded twenty similar orchestras started chicago boston st louis cincinnati philadelphia small number needed skilled performers produced schools known england conservatory cincinnati college music julliard school music eastman school established american composers edward macdowell wrote wild rose greatest period achieved international recognition concertos sonatas works connecticut insurance broker charles ives write music closer feeling ordinary complex techniques harmony rhythm found moderns today charles wakefield cadman known widely song land sky blue water composed opera shanewis american heard john philip sousa band number stars stripes forever sousa band introducing american marches victor herbert operettas sweethearts naughty marietta brought gay tuneful melodies receptive audiences america atlantic pacific
eighteenth century wars essentially contests small feudal royal armies coming industrialization nineteenth century war conflict peoples enormous needs mass armies demanded mass production weapons supplies war longer confined sporadic battles armies navies involved citizen woman opposing nations strained produce goods war home destroy productive power enemies french revolutionary napoleonic wars ending involve citizens nation major wars major european powers engaged wars leading unification italy germany times european nations war minor wars spread european wide unification italy germany major european nations sought diplomatic balance balance power bring security enhance interests sought formed alliances understandings germany austria hungary italy formed triple alliance france britain countered triple entente russia joined later italy changed sides associating entente alliance formation blocs prevent war establishment balance power balance precarious group hope gain fear sought weight balance favor alliances wide interests nations involved war certainly engulf major nations europe
washington president thirteen states atlantic seaboard comprised union mid fifty states nearly stretched atlantic hawaii alaska washington president small nation monarchical powers europe paid attention president united states leader nation western united states americans hoped positive active government president eisenhower convinced federal government grown big powerful americans united divided fundamental beliefs democracy private property views varied conflicted democratic party nomination sought strenuous preconvention campaigning candidates stood alert young senator john kennedy massachusetts able politician senator lyndon johnson texas informed liberal senator hubert humphrey minnesota democratic convention met victory hard campaigning kennedy won nomination ballot chose lyndon johnson vice presidential candidate john kennedy young forty age rich handsome educated harvard university possessed leadership quality called charisma outstanding war record navy political asset experts believed roman catholicism political liability al smith kennedy believed carrying frontiers social reforms begun franklin roosevelt republicans choice candidate easier
thoughtful americans reshaping thought values strong desire painters novelists architects musicians poets dramatists medium expressed questioning culture searching turn century especially war traditional american beliefs challenged hopefulness vigor pioneer expectation continued progress feeling american uniqueness diminished americans money concentrate material gain frenzied pleasure artists intelligentsia felt alienated boom broke depression period soul searching took place tyrannies abroad added questioning faith democracy revived deal tackled problems control government defeat authoritarian powers war ii hope brightened lessened tensions cold war americans confronted influential trains thought europe marxist doctrines economic political theory economic determinism according economic forces control course history freudian concepts conflicts individual unconscious drives demands society revolutionary theory albert einstein physicists nature matter relativity attempts sum american scene historians vernon parrington main currents american thought charles mary beard rise american civilization books critical industrial civilization developing biting critic baltimore editor writer mencken called american middle classes booboisie
increasing scrutiny criticism directed giant businesses called multinational corporations experts defined multinational company operated countries total annual sales based definition united states corporations considered multinational companies criticism giant businesses began wake watergate investigations policies activities corporations increasing notice government public disclosures involvement huge corporations government affairs foreign countries communications company found suggestions cia prevent accession power communist leader chile aircraft corporation paid large amounts money foreign government officials effort secure sale aircraft foreign governments information upset foreign governments began investigations activities giant corporations countries discovery questionable business practices led demands greater governmental regulation business activities laws enacted enforced curb abuses corporate power remained seen memory watergate fresh minds american turned task selecting president election campaign marked debate continuing economic problems addition united states confronted task developing applying foreign policy effective dealing arabs israelis russians chinese countries formidable tasks opinions differed solve problems
beginning nineteenth century edmund davy discovered acetylene gas later oxyacetylene welding electric arc discovered sir humphry davy conducting experiments electricity concerned primarily possibilities arc illumination demonstrated maintain high voltage arc varying periods middle nineteenth century workable electrical generating devices invented developed practical basis inventions forerunner present arc welding process documented instance fusion welding auguste de welded lead battery plates carbon electrode pupils benardos olszewski saw possibilities discovery experimented arc powered batteries charged high voltage dynamos issued british patent welding process carbon electrodes electric power source applications process included fusion welding metals cutting metals punching holes metal experimented solid hollow carbon rods filled powdered metals solid electrodes proved successful repair welding primary goal inventors bare metal electrode welding introduced slavianoff russian discovery recognized western europe coffin pioneers welding industry united states received patent equipment process flash butt welding received additional patents spot welding equipment working knowledge slavianoff received patent bare metal electrode arc welding process
naval limitation treaties twenties thirties impetus research program led conception welding ship construction treaties nations agreed limit number capital vessels built weight navy reaction build highly effective ships method limitations treaties capital ship light weight highly maneuverable adequate defensive armor plate gun power strength built give punishment welded ships borne story kearney limped port october fighting ship blasted amid ships torpedo home power puttng stamp approval type construction navy leader highly improbable welded type ship reached home impossible rejoined command kearney months later war ii large number similar occurrences involving military nonmilitary ships recorded military watercraft fabricated welding include aircraft carriers battleships destroyers cruisers atomic powered submarines standard specifications navy welding cover welding bureau ships concerned variety structures watertight oiltight longitudinals bulkheads tanks turret assemblies rudder crossheads pressure vessels pipelines air steam oil water lines systems homogeneous welded construction fig
steel defined refined pig iron alloy iron carbon iron steel carbon silicon sulfur phosphorus manganese carbon important alloying ingredient steel increase percent carbon materially change properties steel carbon content steel direct effect physical properties steel increases carbon content reduce melting point steel harder higher tensile strength resistant wear harder steel tendency crack welded difficult machine carbon increases steel loses ductility grows brittle addition carbon makes heat treat steel high medium carbon steels cost low carbon steel physical properties steel dependent carbon content final heat treatment types steels range soft steels manufacture wire nails tool steels hardened cutting tools cut softer steels metals carbon steels divided low carbon steels medium carbon steels high carbon steels tool steels steels carbon content exceed percent low percent low carbon steels referred mild steels plain steels steels quenched rapidly water brine harden extent general purpose steels percent carbon content found classification standard shapes steel warehouses
direct current reverse polarity alternating current electrode referred poor fitup electrode ability bridge wide gaps joints adapted single layer welding horizontal fillets extensively kinds steel fabrication offers economy due ease application high welding speeds weld metal deposited lower ductility higher yield strength weld metal suitable direct current straight electrode negative reverse electrode positive polarity alternating current straight polarity preferred direct stable arc larger electrodes alternating current generally preferred relative freedom arc blow adequate penetration order reach root fillet joints penetrate deeply small diameters inch inch especially suited sheet metal welding burn sheets slag abundant covers molten pool abundant fluid slag types slag soldifies rapidly freezing point metal generally dense adheres deposit molten metal slightly fluid electrode extent position welding molten metal slag characteristics control shape weld deposit fig page
helium product natural gas industry found large quantities oil natural gas fields helium distributed steel cylinders similar oxygen cylinders extensively inflating balloons lightness hydrogen helium lightest gases inflammable argon forms percent earth atmosphere byproduct liquefaction air production oxygen argon distributed cylinders helium cylinders yellow brown helium argon alike react chemically materials differences important welding argon extensively tig welding helium smoother quieter arc greater cleaning action welding metals aluminum magnesium alternating current helium expensive argon lightness disadvantage tendency rise weld rapidly volumes helium required give equivalent protection volume argon helium consumed larger quantities increasing cost disadvantage argon denser helium argon materially decreases cylinder handling reduces amount space required cylinder storage heat liberated arc helium argon welds deeper penetration produced welding faster helium preferred welding thick sections steel metals high thermal conductivity aluminum copper argon hand extensively welding thin metal dissimilar metals low thermal conductivity results weld deposit wide top bead
types open arc transfer methods spray transfer globular transfer pulsed current transfer submerged arc transfer type metal transfer depends electrode wire size shielding gas welding current arc voltage spray transfer high heat method rapid deposition weld metal spray describes molten metal transferred fine droplets electrode metal transferred rapidly arc electrode workpiece droplets equal smaller diameter filler wire constant spray metal fig spray transfer inert gas shields bare electrodes direct current reverse polarity filler wire treated direct current straight polarity alternating current limited applications spray arc spatter free deep weld penetration regulating characteristics filler wire diameters spray arc transfer generally inch diameter wire diameter minimum welding current exceeded achieve spray transfer table high deposition rate spray transfer recommended materials inch thicker stock requiring heavy single multipass welds filler pass application speed advantageous due high arc stability high rate metal transfer spray transfer directed operator suitable welding vertical overhead positions current range considerable influence type metal transfer high currents filler metal transferred spray low currents filler metal transferred large globules drops
blueprints shop sketches sign language industry transmit ideas design finished product drawings universal language crafts workers read blueprints produce identical parts lands tanks pipelines ships buildings airplanes machines information blueprints pictures notes drawings method passing information person condensed form information passed engineer designs job worker fabricates engineer direction drawings prepared knowledge design mathematics mechanics physics chemistry drafting workers interpret finished drawings need theoretical knowledge understand drawing carry instructions shown skilled welders competent welding able read drawings describe welders valuable employer read drawings knowledge learn print built picture object minds completed able interpret notations print print serves instruction sheet refer ask foreman question question ability read prints common reason promotion position responsibility welding supervisors chosen interpret prints chance qualified welders person understands design requirements understands designer language translate language welding meets requirements
material developed american welding society reprinted courtesy organization symbols presented include latest revisions students desiring detailed reference booklet symbols welding nondestructive testing aws published american welding society recommended welding proper place production tool designers put ideas workers noncode require precise detailed information drawings failure welded structures endanger property simple specific instructions shop practices writing welded completely welded bottom drawing effect transfer design attachments connections designer welder expected strength addition highly dangerous practice costly shops desire safe welding welding symbols give complete welding information quickly designer draftsman production supervisor welder welding technique needed joint satisfy requirements material strength service conditions companies develop system symbols references legends aws symbols base need symbols presented chapter past terms side side led deal confusion clear joints shown section welds equally distant reader words meaningless revised symbol system joint basis reference
cutting metals oxyacetylene hydrogen fuel gas processes based fact metals oxidize greater lesser degree depending physical conditions wrought iron steel oxidize rapidly ordinary atmospheric conditions oxidation occurs air called rusting readily recognized oxide forms metal rusting course slow process illustrates tendency ferrous metals combine oxygen iron steel heated red heat cooled covered thick scale metals oxidize rapidly hot cold temperature steel raised higher white heat stream pure oxygen directed white hot spot burns rapidly demonstrated shop taking thin piece steel wire heating red heat submerging bottle oxygen heated end immediately burst flame burn vigorously wire burned oxygen consumed reaction oxygen iron considerable amount heat forms molten oxide flows blown exposing metal action oxygen order action going supply heat point cutting external source function cutting torch fig provide flame heat metal red heat maintain heat direct stream oxygen heated point cutting bear mind high pressure oxygen jet cutting
job shielded arc covered electrodes find easier weld bare electrodes arc blow completely vanish welds uniform pleasing appearance found beneficial start practice medium sized electrodes inch diameters tendency industry today larger sized electrodes inch diameters practice inch diameter electrodes mastered inch size job requires electrodes power source dcsp alternating current electrodes similar application important differences study section chapter concerning electrodes types classified position electrodes part flat horizontal positions vertical welding major electrodes quiet arc medium penetration spatter welds appearance slightly convex free undercut electrodes current require lower welding currents lower open circuit voltages suited welding thin metals arc soft penetration light bead smoother ripple finer produced travel slower electrodes produce flat fillet weld suitable groove welds flat bead shape easily removed slag radiographic quality welds welded principal differences alternating current direct current welding establishing arc length arc maintained welding
alternating current direct current reverse polarity alternating current arc characteristics restrike ability hot cold surpass electrode type spray transfer globular type transfer hold electrode degree angle intersection plates fig tilt degrees direction travel fig pass welded high current settings drag technique arc gap short higher currents electrical energy passing electrode melt iron powder electrode melts iron powder core wire dissolve weld metal slag heavy fluid care sure slag run ahead weld pool permit arc touch sides plates undercutting care pass consider finish pass passes larger size electrodes slight weave welding pass weave welding pass larger electrode higher currents higher deposition rates hold short arc electrode weld pool electrodes designed primarily large heavy weldments practice joint small joint overheated pass small pinholes surface weld working joints alternate basis avoid overheating slag removed pass practice starts stops travel directions
addition percent iron powder low hydrogen electrode covering increased usage mild steel low alloy high sulfur high carbon grades iron powder increases deposition rate restrike characteristics type arc action smoother stable deposit wets readily undercutting prevented bead smoother slag removal easier electrodes desirable low hydrogen characteristics retained electrode review page additional information coatings iron powder thicker regular low hydrogen coatings dcrp find arc smooth quiet shallow penetration spatter coating electrodes heavier normal vertical overhead welding limited smaller diameters currents higher size short arc maintained times vertical welding inch inch electrode whip technique electrode molten pool small triangular weave build small shelf weld metal deposit layer layer metal weave weld progresses joint point electrode directly joint slightly upward permit arc force assist controlling puddle fig page travel slow maintain shelf causing molten metal spill currents lower portion quoted range width weave confines bead width
starting check welding control settings drive rolls wire guide tubes correct wire size gun cable nozzle contact tip correct wire size stickout proper stickout set tip electrode positioned lightly touching trigger pressed start arc mechanical feed care advancing electrode welding stopped releasing trigger quickly pulling gun gun leans direction travel angle stick electrode welding electrode joint angle varies type joint thickness material horizontal fillets inch larger electrode points bottom plate degree angle weld material washed vertical plate fillets inch smaller electrode pointed directly corner joint angle degrees welding sheet thin plate visible stickout inch stringer bead applied steady travel avoid burn burn makes metal sag underside joint weld porosity joint fitup tight position welding wire positioned downhill vertical stringer beads applied settings middle high range gun leans direction travel arc force keeps molten weld spilling joint vertical overhead welding whipping breaking arc moving weld puddle moving fast direction avoided
spurred rapid growth nuclear power space rocket exploration marine construction chemical oil gas industries welded pipe fabrication increasing tremendous rate percent piping installations welded million miles pipeline country percent steel produced united states production pipe hoover dam piping installations required pipe feet diameter wall thickness inches considerable increase gas metal arc process field pipeline building construction figs shop fabrication figs fine wire process practice jobs chapter fine wire techniques carbon steel pipe pipe ferrous metals low high strength carbon steels wrought iron carbon molybdenum steels chromium molybdenum steels low temperature steels stainless steels clad lined steels pipe nonferrous metals aluminum nickel copper titanium lead alloys welding positions direction welding vertical welds usual practice weld pass passes welded difficult obtain ray quality welds mig pipe welding process extensively noncritical critical piping weld meet requirements codes critical applications nuclear piping steam power plant piping chemical process piping assumed skilled welding pipe shielded metal arc process gas tungsten arc process
metals plastics welded applying localized heat produce fusion areas joined methods welding developed include hot gas welding heated tool welding induction welding friction welding known spin welding major difference methods welding means applying heat hot gas welding principal methods basic requirements hot gas welding heat source welding rod aids fusion weld base material joints thermoplastic welding identical metal welding butt lap edge corner joints material preparation fitup root gap beveling required plastic welding metal welding beveling plastic edges essential obtaining satisfactory weld flux required welding plastics plastics welded satisfactorily atmosphere dry nitrogen procedures determining quality completed weld inspection testing methods metal welding differences physical characteristics thermoplastics metals differences welding techniques metals plastics welding metal welding rod base metal molten fuse required bond form welded joint sharply defined melting point metal welding case thermoplastic welding poor heat conductors plastic materials difficult heat uniformly heat incorrectly applied surface plastic welding rod base material char melt decompose material immediately surface fully softened
closing door ellen left lives entered moved slowly flight stairs flanked restaurant turned left hotel eating dinner mama protested eat home later supposed dinner hotel mama ellen spoke word mama cantonese words quick light stress half american americans harm chinese mama mama wasn going high school tonight mama street ellen shut home easy speak cantonese american won county spelling bee help wanting mother watch regional match big bus carried thirty county champions dinner hotel high school clock curtains parted revealing audience boys girls stage thirty boys girls stage thought ellen feeling bit sad thirty mothers audience henry girl friend dorothy father henry head family brother audience teacher botany smiled ellen finished sixth grade spelling books starting seventh twenty girls boys stage physician teacher henry physician ago intern
appalachia mine child narrow valley harlan county valley ran poor fork cumberland river high mountains walled valley pine mountain north big black south house lived formed hub parts knew intimately radiated hub spokes wheel season mountains towered glorious majestic continually full surprises spring shyly tenuously beginning appeared whitish flowers maples unknowing easily mistake young tender leaves let earth treated days warm sunshine mountainsides unfurled shade green leaves appeared trees starting water melting snows run steep mountainsides swell rivers wild flowers begun seasonal procession mountains early march winter cold climb broomsedge hill find spring beauties blue eyed grass fragile dainty coming woods running mountain meet joy finding knelt cupped lovingly hands buried noses april sunday afternoon family mountains picnic mood observe springtime ritual father decided proper arrived shouldered ax mother gave children teaspoon mountain spot grew grove black birch trees
stepmother days absorbed grief anger mother dresses salvation army feel mother house bursting school important piece news wanted share immediately coming door shout mother home instantly echo died remember late stepmother answered coming bedroom smile face thinking calling yes patty face set frozen scowl standing rigid unyielding furious mistake understood turning pressing room closed door mother died twelve knew middle night awake terrible fear comfort sleep whisper pillow trip morning face lie father married brothers jason scott called woman mother father told didn called alice felt strange call grown woman alice wasn mother thing couldn cook mother cook neighborhood mothers say coffee butter scones things mother whip moment notice
don believe confining wild animals feeling try pets wild exception seeking happened ordered lemons ralph husband home mail handed paper bag thought knew tipped dumped contents kitchen workbench thing shrieked lemons changed days skunk recovered composure look thing admit cute inches equally tail half inch legs striped black white skunk ralph seen road mail hour later fallen deep rut unable stopped car help discovered weak stand discovered later mother skunk accompanied numerous babies skirmish dog fracas fellow named rollo lost leave young thing die starvation naturally ralph picked brought home put lemon bag hold hurting drove hand thought figure feed home
suddenly tamar hannah shoulders girl fragile looking strength took hannah surprise won listen want de lancey steal cattle isaacses driving hudson today anger clear thinking hannah stared tamar unable sense saying tamar house late night pounded door waked listened rock isaacs jacob talking told cattle collected hollow raymonds barn told head route taking peekskill tamar paused breath continued soon slip brother rode give uncle roger news colonel de lancey isaacses left soon light morning saw pass house tamar true true hannah telling isaacses kind reason wouldn believe paused looking hannah straight want cattle american army antagonism eyes girls stood facing slowly expression hannah eyes changed tamar telling truth believe tamar isaacses warned yes tamar expression changing help anymore lend horse don dare family divided father loyal king
small georgia village called echota page newspaper damp smelling printer ink press run february startling simple fact startling newspaper cherokee phoenix run marked publication indian paper native tongue printed marked giant step forward progress intelligent alert marked impossible personal triumph illiterate uneducated cherokee genius named sequoyah fighter usual sense dogged foe ignorance encountered struggle age tradition contested weapons minds inspiring stories humankind slow painful climb darkness light youth sequoyah showed marked ability hands gifted silversmith infinite patience attention detail coin silver bracelets earrings silverware buttons buckles piece bore stamp superb artisan injury legs boy destined walk slight limp sequoyah translated lame exact nature injury mystery sources say result hunting accident due sickness handicap enlisting cherokee friends side united states war
famished wolf hunting babies fast asleep huddled heap warmth licked march beginning spring night trees crackled cold december sooner put tongue cold nip hard mother wolf poor health fearful started slightest noise worrying hurt young scent humans horses stumps trees woodpiles dark road frightened imagined standing darkness trees dogs howling forest longer young sense smell sharp happened mistook fox track dog deceived waning sense smell lost thing happened youth feeble health longer hunted calves large sheep avoided horses colts nourished carrion tasted fresh meat spring chancing rabbit steal young sneaked peasant cattle shed lambs miles lair post road stood winter lodge lived watchman ignat seventy coughing talking slept night wandered forest single barreled gun whistling attract rabbits
village kituru eastern part africa lived grandmother known children mama semamingi teller tales mama semamingi storyteller village knew story story happened told tales ago animals talk stories fairies magic witchcraft knew baobab tree grew strangely colors children mama semamingi earth stones soft ago times evening favorite storytelling school children home herdboys bush goats cattle evening meal sit fire circle center village listen stories mama semamingi gate village huge tree trees bush large gray trunk trunk looked swollen top scraggly limbs leaves wrong baobab tree gave shade sun wood soft useless largest tree true fruit wasn poor baobab mistake evening spring rain children gathered fire usual watiri holding mama semamingi arm grandmother seated stool kamalo stirred fire children gathered closer
zakia lovely clever young arabian maiden lived father grand vizier morocco eighteen age father valuable counsellor decision consulting wise young daughter agreement consulting zakia displeased sultan morocco asked zakia hand marriage asking daughter opinion grand vizier consented union father zakia firmly father told future marriage part marry merely say love refuse consider marrying zakia begged girl refused proposal marriage sultan idea happen makes shudder think marry lose head say daughter marry sake beg pleadings father finally moved zakia consent marriage condition sultan learn trade father demanded marry happen lost throne soon penniless means earning living surely starve death zakia father afraid daughter demand anger sultan greatly telling daughter refused altogether palace relay message sultan heard zakia request pleased
late december randy mckinley fell deep family visiting grandfather southern texas farm abandoned farmhouse opening covered barrel randy group children playing backyard morning running chubby legs laughing older playmates children removed barrel looked darkness cased pipe sixteen inches diameter hundred feet deep water level sixty feet ground failed replace barrel randy racing yard tumbled fortunately fall witnessed children ran screaming house mrs mckinley randy mother hurried grandmother mother flung ground lying stomach looked total blackness randy screamed randy hear faint cry boy alive precious sixty feet child caught temporarily hundred feet foul stagnant water women children screamed help mexican farm workers nearby field heard cries rushed scene forty manuel corral spoke spanish immediately grasped gravity situation child understand directions tying rope body strong hang lowered rope
pupils knight school gawaine le coeur hardy promising tall sturdy instructors soon discovered lacked spirit hide woods jousting class called companions members faculty sought appeal nature shouting break neck told lances padded horses ponies field unusually soft late autumn gawaine refused grow enthusiastic headmaster assistant professor pleasance discussing case spring afternoon assistant professor remedy expulsion headmaster looked purple hills ringed school think train slay dragons killed objected assistant professor replied headmaster brightly added soberly consider greater responsible formation lad character dragons bad interrupted assistant professor characteristic restive head school began talk ethics ideals institution known worse replied headmaster hills week killed peasants cows prize pig dry spell holds telling start forest fire simply breathing indiscriminately refund tuition fee case accident young coeur hardy principal answered judicially covered contract matter fact won killed
drew high number stick eighteen troopers sgt johnny welcome knew doubt jump going remember airborne rangers korea fort campbell jumped farther eighth weeks discharge assigned jump manifest thoughts silently finished chuting dawn slithered eastern kentucky sky sprawled harsh horizon welcome felt perspiration gathering despite cool november air actually exited jump pyongyang korea uniform soaking wet forgetful foolish moment welcome considered asking sergeant riley let swap spot jumper months serve realized instantly mutual dislike request impossible riley want riley crawl riley send packing eighteenth spot welcome intention putting riley mercy sweat minute yamoto drop zone peered swaying double line heavily encumbered paratroopers glimpse open doors tail end quivering fuselage light blue eyes narrowed bloodshot perspiration coursed forehead massed lines webbed steel helmets bulky main chutes caught flickering glimpses sky end mile tunnel
jenny downstairs found gran standing window chair staring sea searching say jenny managed nice woman gran turning wasn face angel angel nicholas irving drown asked jenny say gran window sat chair looked exhausted geneva strange things love re realize silence fell jenny fingered fold pinafore difficulty gran didn love father think things gran stiffly forget heard woman isabel fool understands thing cares think rest hold mirror reflection understood poor nicholas understand father son course love don agree things put mind turned took almanac high tide clock hour announced staring page closed almanac laid rain going geneva need dry upstairs bedroom look bottom big trunk found sea gull
night hurricane hurricane wheeled slowly north eye rode offshore sweeping arms wind rain clawed nearest beaches sea rose spreading welts raced miles ahead rolling land measured waves jenny seen evening begun week hurricane arrival sign begun petulance deep caribbean swung upward arc west north indignation grew speed winds increased arriving mid coastal waters spun rage small forty miles deadly round eye winds whirling ninety miles hour paused dawn hung hour orders heard target sighted veered abruptly westward coast sea ran ahead frenzy excitement night jenny slept fits starts aware booming rhythm waves hours tossing brought bolt upright sudden niagara rain moment blast wind slammed house wind pass coming voice rising steadily light dim barely guess alarmed slipped bed pulled clothes crept downstairs holding tight banister clock lower hall clock morning onset night
ate supper upstairs gran room supper thrown jenny father ruined kitchen gran appetite sat propped pillows moving foot covers feel jenny asked light bandages mended tell jenny father springfield clean mess downstairs bad asked afraid wind smashed kitchen window blew front door chimney entirely floor boards bound warp weeks dry house gran couldn hold couldn hold george re house mend gran patched stuck wouldn urging stay springfield george think forme wanted wanted shrugged tired think sleep find horse buggy thing morning told spreading covers early start closed eyes jenny bed leaned kiss grandmother cheek night gran
lee mom bread bread lee share grandma house mom morning grandma paper flower fine flower dog max share lee grandma lee mom passed flower shop flower grandma lee grandma passed bake shop lee bread lee mom grandma house home grandma max lee house home lee sad home head grandma sad home head lee looked look lee grandma hello lee grandma bread flower funny lee bread flower grandma house eat bread family live mom dad live big sister brother brother help dressed help put coat mittens boots sister help mom dad helped lunch pizza pizza uncle mom brother family stay house cook lots things fun
rabbit beach wow paint picture sat soon painted sky water lot fun picture dog walked dog sky blue put white thank rabbit dog picture rabbit painting soon bird bird sun red put yellow orange thank rabbit picture bird rabbit painting soon toad toad water green put blue thank rabbit toad picture say rabbit painting family bugs rabbit wow father bug look pretty red mother bug greens blues bug kids think rabbit yes bug family yes rabbit picture father bug put house mother bug wow bug kids bug family picked picture carry home
ago woman lived house house falling woman eat wife today cut trees woman sleep bring eat yes cut trees worked worked stopped cut trees cut tree stop stop stop say looked dwarf big feet tree hello tree live dwarf dwarf tree don cut home give wishes wishes cut tree waved bye dwarf home think wishes home wife bring eat eat sat think dwarf think trees think eat wish fish pop big fish sat feet woman put fish think dwarf dwarf asked told wife dwarf wishes
gray giants home grizzle began grumble listened grumbled louder heard began sing grumbling song big big fall break things things big giants heard stout fun big big hand stuck cookie jar grizzle sadder sang grumble louder big big fits sits big grab grub grab big hand ups socks lost elastic grub added sweaters stretched grizzle felt sadder sadder chin fell chest mouth pulled tried sing grumble blub blub blub dab room big problem big problem grizzle began blub blub blub problem reach book want top shelf dab grab reach grub reach stout wiped mouth try grab grub dear dab
turnip garden grandmother watered turnip bigger bigger turnip beautiful cried grandfather ho ho laughed grandmother turnip turnip didn water ho ho shouted grandfather planted didn turnip turnip grew bigger morning grandmother woke pull turnip birds eat hurried garden pulled pulled couldn pull turnip move morning grandfather mind pull turnip surprise grandmother big thought neighbor silly goat start eating grandfather pulled pulled chould pull turnip move grandfather called grandmother help pull turnip grandmother running pleased grandfather asked help pull pull turnip cried pulled pulled turnip move grandfather wiped sweat brow call micky help micky grandson pulled puffed pulled pull turnip move dog help grandfather breath dog pulled micky pulled pulled pulled pull turnip move cat pulled dog pulled pulled puffed pulled turnip move
rooster hen pulled geese shouted grandfather pull rooster hen pulled gees pulled cat pulled dog pulled micky pulled grandmother pulled turnip pulled puffed pulled pulled turnip move pig pulling big fat pig grandfather shouted pig pull pig pulled hen shouted grandfather pull pulled panted pulled pulled pulled turnip move grandfather wiped sweat brow turnip going beat growled try grandfather shouted pull pulled pulled pulled soon breath turnip move grandfather wiped sweat brow try pull means yelled pig pig took big breath blew curl tail pig ready pull grandfather tell pull turnip bird flew help bird pulled pig tail cried grandfather pulled pulled pulled pulled loud noise turnip ground suddenly fell
saturday morning fox ate breakfast hurry meet gang hold horses mom re going bike race fox race later mom need help fox choice mom look louise shopping fox looked louise trouble shop list mom fox hurry mom don forget tuna fish louise lunch market fox ran gang shop race later fox bad dexter idea carmen don race idea friends let race end store fox fine gang mark set cried fox race dexter pulled ahead gangway cried suddenly wheel fell cart nuts dexter race beep beep cried carmen shoppers ran lives carmen win cart crashed bin pickles carmen hooray cried fox won won shoppers angry words sloan shopping dangerous nice mrs won happen sloan fox home mom phone mom didn won happen hung phone hear re fastest fox wheels mom
hello friends welcome pappa wheelie rolling revue papa wheelie host today going find greatest invention wheel aboard stop ancient land mesopotamia historians think wheel began eye slaves dragging stone blocks city look easy hey look put round log rock change easier move rock plop log stuck rock tumbles historians think trying things smart finally cut big wooden disks put ends logs roll bumps wheel born wheel rolled hilly ground rocks didn fall look ahead re coming green bumpy country scotland date workshop kirkpatrick macmillan working invention bicycle think finished hear funny noise kirkpatrick riding bicycle look kirkpatrick crash bump bump guess friend needs practice let jump ahead germany smell oily smoky hear rumbling look gas powered automobile look waving karl karl look crash brick wall benz dusts let return home wheel
penelope pointed smaller bike seventy dollars ninety cents salesperson rich penelope put money pocket penelope looked badminton sets baseball bats gloves didn want buy saw saw roller skates pair picked skate spun wheels guess buy ten dollars forty cents tax salesperson penelope paid skates put started skating home wished drive car rich bicycle home mom dad kitchen didn money bicycle buy roller skates roller skates wheels kid dad penelope pushed skates floor skating walking bike going ball park slugger jones hit hundredth home run slugger jones penelope favorite ballplayer going sat steps putting roller skates smith house car going game penelope asked sure smith skating game penelope sure don speeding tickets drove penelope skated ball park friend jim rode bicycle going game asked
excited going pet store pet store today going pet alison wanted pick pet carefully start animals pet store want special thought lion special lion king beasts alison lion crown king queen backyard jungle uh thought alison remembered lions roar lion roared middle night maybe dolphin dolphin wouldn roar dolphin quiet build big pool swims tell secrets uh thought alison pool leaked living room dolphin end sitting couch wet maybe bear bear didn need pool bear walk eat honey climb trees afternoon uh thought alison bears sleep winter bear fell asleep bed tug tug bear move place sleep maybe rhinoceros rhino wouldn sleep ride school play hide seek recess uh thought alison rhino wasn careful horn poke holes pillows played hide seek home feathers fly maybe gorilla
want pet care kind pet mind think mean living animal remember pet live catch food eat find water drink clean cage pet toy tired toy put forget forget pet pet need care sure care animal choose pet kinds animals pets hamsters kittens hamster kind animal lives cage golden hamster looks tiny furry teddy bear short tail large cheek pouches stores food litter hamster front teeth sharp home hamster need hamster cage hamster cage pan removed cleaned put papers bottom pan fill pan inches hay hamster litter bedding papers help bedding cage don leave cage direct sunlight hamsters need lot sunshine put hamster cage don try hamster days let home feed hamster buy hamster food
help pet special place put kitten box basket sleepy stroke kitten gently purrs buy litter litter pan pet store sold pound bags fill pan inches litter put pan inside large box leave top box side open takes kitten learn pan clean litter box change litter week kitten fed times weeks kitten months needs meals cat scratch kitten scratch claws grow trouble walking give cat scratch pet won claw rugs chairs pet stores sell scratching posts pet scratches things rub catnip scratching post cats love catnip kittens love play playing kitten piece string ball paper bag kitten lots fun hamsters kittens animals pets reading animals going pet store find pet think decide pet hamsters kittens pets story alison hamster pet
margaret balancing balance book head glide wheelchair book fall balance hop crutches school collected magic markers balance neat rows shelf teacher steady hand margaret tommy couldn tommy watched margaret balanced twenty blocks tower simple margaret tommy wouldn try say simple margaret planned planned wanted special tommy call simple wheelchair pushed regular chairs special corner took tall castle blocks cans kids clapped castle tommy simple build castles margaret yelled teacher recess recess margaret castle knocked margaret looked tommy tommy yelled don margaret stared tommy knock balance sorry tommy starting yell teacher margaret hoped teacher yell tommy didn teacher going hold school carnival need ideas carnival booths quickly tommy raised hand big brother carnival school
margaret thinking idea secret school whispered teacher margaret took dominoes corner room corner started setting dominoes gently carefully domino careful fell knock toppling watched margaret asked told secret margaret fancy curves snaky dominoes classroom teacher gave dominoes stairs dominoes roads highways dominoes looked city teacher recess tommy grabbed big ball gave big bounces bounced margaret corner william jumped caught margaret glad dominoes didn knocked margaret finished placing domino begged push domino tommy begged margaret pulled hat pay hat teacher drawn hat night school carnival clapped margaret happy pleased
finally carnival margaret visited booth william sold balloons tied balloons wheelchair visit tommy booth tommy standing hall watching booth margaret asked working tommy tommy answered dad help guess hundred helping big brother helping margaret fished pond booth anyway rubber spider push domino margaret booth moved grade room margaret waited room began draw hat looked margaret margaret looked paper read tommy perkins tommy front crowd stepped inside domino corner stood looking margaret push margaret tommy pushed harder needed beautifully click click click thousand times click dominoes took turns falling took hours fall big cheer tommy looked margaret yelled knocked balanced sorry sorry called margaret booth money carnival hurray balancing girl shouted margaret sure heard tommy join big cheer balancing girl margaret think tommy tries knock margaret balances
kitchen looped rope chair nosey girl sit tina father leaned look floor tina chair looked tina feeling asked fine tina nosey fine dog dad tina father tina busy school took money saving allowance walked nosey corner store bought dog food red dish put leash real leather collar home put dog food bowl water kitchen mom tina nosey dog sleep room tonight absolutely tina mother firmly dogs bedroom laughed loud imagination days neighbors seeing tina walk block leash real leather dog collar tina walked nosey rain shine morning put fresh food red bowl tina mother admit tina took care nosey care nosey tina told mother care puppy mother nosey dog early morning tina kitchen seen nosey asked mother find walked red dish nosey touched food worried voice
pet crickets insect corner chirping big jar means male re sing crickets favorite pets china thousands making music bring luck crickets jar fight put sand leafy twigs bottom jar sure pet cricket water soaked piece cotton trick food crickets eat bits refrigerator listen peaceful chirping cricket pet feel re camp bedroom pet bird mean unusual parakeet look window bird beautiful tail peacock imagine peacock pet wouldn easy peacocks cost lot money parakeets need plenty room walk beautiful watchdogs heard peacock cry wake neighborhood maybe nice quiet boa constrictor giant cage called cuddles asleep lunch ten feet gentle room glass cage big notice swimming pool boas love dip thick branches climbing brick bottom cage cuddles rubs help wriggle itchy snakeskin
chuka standing roof father house keeping corner big brother pet chuka looked pet eagle saw sun big brother home soon feed eagle chuka stopped playing watched road soon saw big brother coming bow arrow hand hunting bag full big brother climbed roof eagle tugged chain cried loudly big brother tossed food eagle eagle ate quickly chuka looked eagle longing want pet eagle mother called dinner chuka helped mother clear dishes wash morning chuka play grandfather puppy bakito big brother chuka called herd sheep big brother big brother laughing chuka watched big brother start road uncle look happy chuka uncle want pet eagle chuka help catch eagle pet uncle brother eagle pet hawk pet try hard tomorrow help hunt hawk morning chuka uncle walked walked soon chuka heard bird sounds high air looked hawks uncle place look hawk tree chuka uncle walked ahead looking looking chuka saw young hawk low branch tree
patrick dinosaurs read boy named patrick goes zoo older brother hank home patrick imagines dinosaurs coming hank tells disappeared ago author story carol carrick husband donald carrick illustrator creating children stories books soon carol finishes writing story donald begins draw pictures carol writes donald draws help think ideas children love dinosaurs carol carricks think dinosaur story fun children night carricks movies home saw construction crane towering house neck look brontosaurus donald wondered story dinosaurs walk main street children big dinosaurs guess patrick dinosaurs carricks saw children liked dinosaur book wrote sequel sequel story comes story characters happens sequel begins story ends sequel patrick dinosaurs patrick imagination explain hank dinosaurs disappeared patrick imagined happened patrick dinosaurs patrick helping big brother hank rake leaves asked patrick asked hank dinosaurs course patrick talked think hot dinosaurs hank
early monday morning marcella phone call edward afraid bad news pictures didn fault wrong sorry pictures develop print marcella shaking head put phone alfredo wrong asked pictures didn turn marcella won win trip maybe bad sounds alfredo let edward house look photos maybe edward house handed pictures turned looked field snow marcella felt sad looked photos felt smiled luck photos win prize photos win asked alfredo think re wrong marcella plenty let bake shop alfred edward idea marcella talking anyway reached bake shop marcella printed bottom photo stuck wall pictures red tie looked pictures wall saw marcella picture smiled think likes marcella laughing alfredo white paper red tie took marcella photo
photographer walked boy holding camera case james photographer hand film james opened camera case took film photographer put film camera put camera tripod ready photographer picture front house shoemaker garden ellen show squash yes james don pick squash put squash picture picture front house shoemaker wife garden picked squash carried garden sat chairs front house sooner ellen sat jumped re going put squash picture put carrots re prettier squash simple pictures photographer ellen run fetch carrots returned photographer madam clothes wearing picture ellen want admit moment wearing dress wear blue hat red hat shoemaker yes james ellen wear blue hat shoemaker wear red simple pictures warned photographer shoemaker run fetch hats
winter winds frosts let going cold ready cold winter weather sure clothes warm weaver realized didn heavy clothes wear brrr brrr poncho going going weave meant sit front loom days weaving weaving thinking weaver feel tired set loom anyway thread ready started working row row tighten threads row row strip cloth stopped look weave tight weaving perfect surprised thought rest fell asleep soon woke cold choice weaving weaver loom row row row full strip sure tired cold grew bitter rest finish freeze sure weaver sat weaving weaving weaving weaving wea ving wea tired saw left freezing finished yelled
elephant snorted animals dare snort lion elephant big pleased don lion hair tangled hard clean suppose thick skin hair stuck foot water splashing turtle nose say turtle elephant asked turtle looked elephant yes hair definitely look strange trunk exactly elephant backing dry ground snakes hissed elephant thick skin difficult snake tough wrinkles easily snakes slithered forward surrounded turtle skin smooth snake twist ripple ground caught think turtle asked snake turtle looked snake snake sure smooth skin handy don twisting bad snake slithering rock lucky slithering turtle took step forward bear yawned snake skin flexible thick soft fur warm snakes grow skin sounds uncomfortable fur lifetime bear stuck paw front turtle face think fur turtle asked fur rubbing turtle nose
things glasgow noon city crowded hurry avoid crowds ran child contraption child wasn hurt cried loudly angry dragged inventor judge questioning court macmillan told judge dumfries days judge told macmillan shouldn riding machine miles hour city dangerous fined macmillan judge court curious contraption inventor showed worked rode judge clever machine fact pleased gave fine macmillan inventor rode proudly home days later macmillan money invention inventors seen machine idea faster lighter machines popular inventor buried beneath stone dated says inventor bicycle ride bicycles heard kirkpatrick macmillan inventor dreams imagined bicycle today dreamed popular invention persons helped invention bicycle kirkpatrick macmillan ideas pedals
want bet bet fifty dollars eat fifteen worms going fifty dollars savings account hundred thirty dollars mother wouldn let lost bet earned money mowing lawns want betyou fifty dollars billy hesitating joe scuffing walk going asked joe alan billy tom joe mine duel think easy okay billy regular worms caterpillars green worms tomatoes eat wants tom boiled stewed fried witnesses present eats billy okay alan billy billy scratched ears bad worm taste eaten fried liver salmon loaf mushrooms tongue pig feet won fifty dollars buy bike george cunningham brother promised sell september college gag fifty dollars couldn looked ketchup mustard want alan nodded okay billy stood okay
alan joe stopped orchard think able asked alan biting nails don joe alan eat fifteen worms forget joe give figure spike worm pepper eat piece sudden sneeze ka chum ka chum sneeze ka chum ka chum clutch stomach eyes begin water ka chum ka chum billy awful stubborn alan killing give remember summer degrees shade dared put winter clothes father coat snow boots walk main street afternoon yeah remember joe quit think think ways getting stop worm worm yelled billy worm geez feet worm alan stubbornly rolled cornmeal fried feet screeched billy knew joe wouldn pretending gazing clouds billy noticed glancing alan look alan cut worm eat haven
billy poked huge worm fork sure ate piece alan cut looked rest worm carefully chewed ate bite arrgh forgotten dip horseradish sauce alan yeah joe eat billy able eat thing thought billy choke yuck worm okay alan bet joe chickened let billy playing thing sick alan anxious thought billy going ate bite began scrape cornmeal carefully worm knife alan think plain today cornmeal fair glue screamed billy sudden glue glued crawlers gee tom tom look tried pull glue panting tom bent plate re geez cheating billy win cheated fifteen worms fifteen days yelled joe haven won cheated shouted tom wasn cheating joe yelled billy didn didn fall eaten thing found worms glued claimed win alan cheating didn bet
kansas asked eagerly sure kansas oz haven faintest idea lies thing cross desert easy find home cross desert asked tell think country balloon air carried cyclone believe desert air powers cyclone thinking matter believe balloon fly asked dorothy balloon oz silk coated glue gas country gas fill balloon float won float dorothy true answered oz float fill hot air hot air gas air cold balloon desert lost dorothy going yes course replied oz tired humbug palace soon discover wizard mad fooled stay shut rooms tiresome kansas circus
bear walked forward grunted cub friend follow fearlessly chien min held thick white coat soon found edge forest close home forest parents happy knowing daughter safe protection white bear met bears young special friend cub helped called niaoniao means soft fur fine beautiful mother bear showed girl secret home den hollow tree chien min times played cubs learned ways forest bear led safely nightfall warm spring afternoon chien min sitting hollow tree watching cubs play saw movement bamboos wide whiskered face fierce topaz eyes small tufted ears glimpse spotted silky fur chien min sprang shouting warning late bared teeth lashing tail hungry leopard leaped niao niao chien min forgot fear love friend snatching stone hurled leopard leopard dropped prey turned snarling fury moment bear charged trees thunderbolt
quentin showed trap hole ground big panda foot loop rope hidden dead leaves panda foot stepped hole small tree wire attached snap careful set kind traps injure animal seen animal caught cruel trap forgotten farther looked trap tried imagine found big panda stuffed seen museums sharp teeth chewing tough bamboo find full grown panda traps problem claws teeth wouldn reach tried tie hunters camp build kind cage giant panda business steep mountainside sliding knew feel sorry want let jungles loved safe human beings jungle thick couldn feet shot rang ahead didn moments happened heard hunters shouting quentin calling orders chinese knew exciting pushed ahead fast
eric sitting schoolhouse steps craig rode looked didn speak craig rode tied jip fence jenny bryant asked eric didn ride craig didn want eric yes jenny rode eric shook head wanted ask say asked jenny re enemies eric enemies jenny eric happens birthday party asked invite craig wouldn eric saturday raking yard look road craig house saw craig father mother drive car road pasture craig pony pony standing gate hello jip called eric lonesome finished yard saw gate open pony road eric tried drive pasture pony kicked heels ran eric called mother craig pony don stop canada ran road caught jip tried drive tried coax
eric talked later mother father pony found open gate craig saw didn say sorry home maybe say school mother monday craig eric eric inviting boys girls birthday party invited grade craig tuesday invite craig wasn sure craig grade looked unhappy felt left eric birthday party saturday clock want craig didn answer saturday boys girls eric playing big orchard barn look craig thought wasn coming craig riding jip jumped tossed reins pony head put erics hands brought jip party pony rides afterward walked wait eric took wait craig ran don need ride pony stopped orchard boys girls lined rides
wow couldn wait tell forgot close trap overnight skunk smelled peanut butter trap didn skunks dad shook head saw told mom care mom yelled thanks lot mike wasn happy left care skunk dad laughed skunk pretty animal gentle looking soft trustingeyes friendly trap small skunk raise tail spray skunk perfume lucky mom says skunks nocturnal means skunks sleep awake night tied rope trap door handle carried rope thetrap store rented trap carefully filled feeding bin lots crunchy peanut butter put peanuts top yum lunch worked caught biggest size squirrel ran cage trying escape mom laughed clapped hands happy re waiting dad home help set skunk free trapped squirrel ride car gramps drive ten miles find house write tonight let squirrel loose woods driving car hissed growled opened trap door ran fast climbed nearest tree
nowadays beetles country brazil beautifully colored backs green gold lovely look beetles considered luck jewelers carve stones metal shape beetles backs known scarabs worn charms bracelets necklaces pins earrings beetle say pretty say brown coat plain ugly story beetle earned lovely coat plain brown beetle walking ground minding business sad happy hungry full minding business suddenly gray rat stepped path beetle stopped looked rat looked big rat wiggled whiskers stupid beetle room ground yes sir beetle stepped let rat pass rat bad mood thought making fun lowly beetle cheer slow beetle crawl ground slow pace expect beetle answer ignore nasty rats thought waited rat leave rat move making fun beetle beginning feel watch beetle fast run
howdy willy blurted gave nervous smile indian eyes shifted searchlight let soft moan bark giant walked city hall building word stone fox entered race spread town jackson hour wyoming stories legends awesome mountain shortly willy heard lester general store willy learned white heard stone fox talk stone fox refused speak white treatment received tribe shoshone peaceful seed gatherers forced leave utah settle reservation wyoming tribe called arapaho stone fox dream return homeland stone fox money won racing simply buy land purchased farms hundred acres stone fox smart week willy searchlight ten mile track knew inch heart stone fox practiced fact willy saw stone fox course sure wasn going fast race scheduled saturday morning ten clock sleds entered mayor smiley hoped contestants stone fox entered couldn blame wanting save money true stone fox lost race willy wasn worried
tommy annika thought suggestion rushed home immediately pippi waiting gate nilsson shoulder walking stick hand big basket children walked road turned pasture pleasant path wound thickets birch hazel presently gate side beautiful pasture front gate stood cow looked persuade move annika yelled tommy bravely tried push stood staring children big cow eyes put end matter pippi set basket lifted cow cow looking silly lumbered hazel bushes imagine cows bullheaded pippi jumped gate basket asked annika wouldn tell thousand dollars pippi find picnic spot farther hill easy climb side hill nice sunny rock balcony sat shut eyes set table pippi tommy annika squeezed eyes tightly shut heard pippi opening basket rattling paper nineteen look pippi
wear size sneaker doubt sneakers changed pair white canvas sneaks cost dollar sneakers pair identical decide foot left took painful breaking sneakers mold feet today types sneakers running basketball tennis sneakers patterns designs soles flat smooth soles thing sneaker sneakers notes carl lewis fit believe pairs unlike fashioned styles today sneakers feet sneakers fit give feet support cushioning notes dr barry block york city foot doctor buy poorly pair re likely foot problems affect ankles knees number thing look sneaker fit sneaker comfortable roomy explains peter stipe works sneaker manufacturer half inch inch room toe lace shoe inch opposite eyelets linda widegren sneaker expert adds don buy pair sneakers expect loosen sneakers flexible shouldn stiff important foot move run jump
nate twitchell help kind funny twelve pretty guess lot folks thing happened freedom summer town live freedom hampshire live father mother sister cynthia pop runs newspaper town called freedom sentinel comes week guess paper money chickens goat vegetable garden helps want tell thing happened middle june started week noticed hens looking pretty queer swelled bit lopsided feathers stuck hen worried smooth getting big waddle end week sat getting bulgy looking surprised morning looked henhouse gosh biggest egg seen big took nest hen teetering edge head tilted side looking egg couldn figure touched kind leathery shell turtle egg sort longish shape big cantaloupe bigger maybe
pup orphan found morning april half starved deserted beach northern california young harbor seals soft gray spotted fur big dark eyes moved inching sand belly plaintive krooh krooh sound mooing hungry calf knew happened mother woman found watched waited mother seal return didn dead killed shark hunter feed protect pup die woman phone call called california marine mammal center afternoon seal began marine mammal center located coast pacific ocean city san francisco combination hospital orphanage shelter sick abandoned seals sea lions volunteers special interest marine mammals give animals brought center medical attention need feed care healthy returned sea afternoon april orphaned pup arrived elephant seals harbor seal pups center holly garner acting curator greeted seal stroked sleek body let sniff hand whiskered nose pup thin eyes bright alert weeks short known sea sand comfort mother body human hands holding
kids class pennsylvania girl martha minnesota bogner told projects working building viking ship studying home jersey wanted tell wasn home chance martha excuse bogner home minnesota studying rest class jersey martha bogner re living consider jersey home bogner martha don class bogner didn sound angry later found girl sitting tall tangled hair named joanne mcfadden going ask lived message intercom morning bogner send peter hatcher green office bogner answered thank yooooou green principal want joanne mcfadden whispered don feeling face turn red green office bogner asked find don look worried peter bogner trouble school class laughed joanne mcfadden gave kind shy smile
turn round pick spars ferdie announced grandly didn care sound words decided move pushing middle crowd started organize show gotta ring karl string rope ring karl schmidt fence quick schmidt meat market remson street pa keeps big spools string hanging cash register tie customers meat continued re going real thing need water bucket cup real towels ferdie ask tante helene ferdie didn look pleased leave center crowd knew sense tante helene aunts live family ferdie asks importantly asks questions ferdie slowly stairs carrying sets gloves ferdie scratched square dirt broom handle tied string post empty oil barrel pulled corner ferdie left looking peeved spied zoe angry beat shoo kiddie girls allowed ordinarily agree club rule written saying annoyed telling zoe give boss
cats graceful quick playful curious special qualities beautiful fun pets traits originally developed cats hunters today house cats descended african wild cats hunt stay alive pet cat dinner supermarket nature inherited wild ancestors body hunter body designed nature capture kill small rodents cat special skeleton makes body extra limber flexible small collarbones narrow chest cat slip tight places forefeet step tracks walk easily path inches wide creeping underbrush silently unsuspecting prey cat super flexible spine unlike animals arch half circle flexible backbone lets cat turn twist pursuit prey animal longer stride flexes cat runs short distance cat faster dog size cat powerful muscles flexible skeleton allow move fast cats leap air slink rapidly ground pounce lightning tiny spot strong muscles needed move extra slowly stalks cat move slow motion prey notice creeping outwait mouse cat freezes stone periods strong muscles allow stay longer person
wish secret invisiblity irene knew science project irene study birds late spring nesting habits coming danny asked finished field notes irene start putting thing pretty soon making charts displays father loaned spotting telescope pair binoculars able watch birds pretty leaves hard nests noticed maybe ask professor bullfinch knows dan visibility light bounces things maybe getting light things wouldn let ask joe interesting friends professor house danny explained conversation think professor invisible camouflage professor wanted invisible forest look tree visible notices edgar allan poe story purloined letter read joe mean didn want letter found left plain sight mantlepiece saw real invisibilty danny protested suppose meant
hit body max recognize began look interest grassy field surrounded makeshift camp large brightly colored tents decorated flags pennants fluttered breeze looming short distance gray stone walls turrets medieval castle side stood sleek white horse draped yards yards green cloth trimmed gold boys scurried dressed niles tunics tights max miles realized going find need lot information niles helped feet thought plan shook head dazed niles hoping looked lost confused bearings afraid falling horse lose memory maybe tell re worked niles looked anxiously loyal devotion written face sir robert hampshire tournament camped past days thy tent gestured yellow gold tent green banners stood invitation richard lorraine earl hampshire heard tales thy strength skill jousting try thee champion tis tourney thou art undefeated usual sire
pod saw stood crouched beneath carved archway light eyes arrietty crouched saw gleaming golden stone floor hall stretching distance saw edges rugs richly colored islands molten sea saw glory sunlight dreamed gateway fairyland open door saw grass clear bright sky waving frond green pod eyes slewed round wait breathed watch flash sudden movement shadowed lintel front door pod bag hand mat rose knee deep field chestnut corn arrietty saw glance clock saw raise hand warmth stone flags ran gladdening sunlight face hands awful space pod caught held patted shoulder breath girl panting arrietty gazed saw chair legs rearing sunlight saw shadowed undersides seats spread canopes saw nails strappings odd tags silk string saw terraced cliffs stairs mounting distance saw carved table legs cavern chest stillness clock spoke measuring seconds spreading layers calm
alex moved tooth tongue squinted jake careful jake looked sheep nosing pumpkin maybe told alex alex walked headed house air cold jake breathing steam logs stacked chin virginia stood pear tree watching sunset alex ran past open door jake thundered stairs porch boots covered moss dirt alex stood doorway watch jake shoved door open farther shoulder alex backed wall jake moved sideways door help stack wood alex watch jake knee set wood side wood stove kindly watch alex going big load alex wiggled tooth tongue wanted help jake put hand jake shoulder leaned looked stetson hat bark jake beard look cowboy movies news jake cowboy real unsnapped jacket belt buckle silver longhorn steer looked alex alex shoved tooth forward tongue don pull tooth jake asked chicken alex closed mouth chicken jake
areas house accident prone spot kitchen worst danger fire matches hands babes goes house careful re toss match garbage re sure light gas broiler match sure gas seconds combination gas escaping lighted match blast kind caught safety sake lean lighting hair tied don light haven shown re working stove pot handles facing stove pots likely knocked flying elbows dress makes sense don wear robes flowing sleeves anyway case urge want cooking choose don leave paper cloth paper towels bags containers napkins pot holders stove top start small fire leave house cooking let small fire control young children stove kitchen altogether sharp objects cleaning materials act poisons stored source danger kitchen sharp utensils knives
directly mama sat fire chin hands wiley worryin keepin hairy took dogs tied door front door crossed broom axe handle window built fire fireplace wiley felt lot safer sat mama help think hard wiley pen pig sow wiley told took squealin pig pen mama put pig bed wiley clear hayloft hide wiley told heard wind howlin trees blowin shakin dogs started growlin knothole dog front door starin swamps hair standin lips drawn snarl animal big mule horns head ran swamp past house dog jumped jumped couldn loose big animal giant dog snout runnin swamp snarled cabin dog broke loose took big animal animal headed swamp wiley looked dog break loose dog took funny lookin animal
hand raised philip nodding bonnie blake seeing begun talking told special problem making dress printed pattern explained detail piled top boring detail ovecame single obstacle concluding finished ready judging waving hand hard didn help president motioning ginny feet slowly think waiting speak piece powerful lot explaining trouble getting garden vegetables sealed jars finally carrots stewed tomatoes lima beans wait canning contest thought sure going gordon asked report prepared tractor maintenance contest mail booklet called maintaining john deere tractor read top bottom gordon working saturdays randolph county tractor center members think comes home blue ribbon red going thing knew jones boys jordan joshua standing explaining pig progress weight inches thinking pig going grow full size hog jordan joshua finish explaining double truly amazing finished explaining
bonnie saint john fond memories competed national championships handicapped skiers seeing extraordinary says saint john result birth defect leg toss artificial leg side chair lift huge pile crutches legs suddenly healed sense newfound comaraderie adds spilled displays pleasantly warped humor remember couple felt free started telling terrible jokes walk stare say low voice gee legs wonder born saint john born leg wouldn grow medical reasons amputated knee says regarded handicap limitation accomplishments support belief finished championship handicapped skiers innsbruck recently completely field competition named winners rhodes scholarship june government harvard fall headed oxford university study political philosophy saint john grew san diego credits success mother ruby junior high school principal bonnie father engineer died
bent dog snapped ferociously jumped recognized attean dog learned trust crazed understand matt meant help matt set teeth stooped hands steel bands trap gave tug deep growl dog snapped matt started scraping hand steel teeth leaped feet stared red gash ran knuckles wrist realized trap open dog maddened find attean began run forest trails knew searching memory signs remembered led indian village luck sign beaver cut tree fallen logs absolutely sure knew walked direction nearly hour relief shore river village canoe waiting attean led river narrow placid thank goodness grown ocean father swimming walk left moccasins hidden bush plunged moments dripping sight stockade greeted frenzied barking dogs
anyway gotten started loud angry voice cut short saying mosquito nose breathe mouth shut recognized faithful friend fellow crime fighter inspector insector biggest fans respect chief asked sweetly moment silence whisper replied don tempt mosquito soon bambugger department store thought instant need help case don chief hot cold concerned mosquito re help glass eye keyhole orders bring case hours ago tough guess fastest helicopter say chuckled whirlibug catches worm heard loud click took minute figure conversation ended took bambugger problems quick run run run run run revolving doors front store took elevator presidential hive found inspector bambugger waiting mosquito glad able squeeze busy schedule inspector telling unusual cases
princes dukes spain portugal france italy dull witted chamberlain saw joke king riddling tambourine parchment knew perfectly parchment prince answer goat majesty sure infanta run laughing king roar delight shout wrong king tired sheep goat business wanted riddle guessed wanted infanta married command suitor failed guess riddle hung short put stop princes dukes castilian highlands shepherd heard young clever thought fine thing shepherd marry infanta younger brother manuelito mind sheep goats king palace mother son tonto guess riddle read write failed stay home save hanging mind stop fear mother baked tortilla carry gave blessing let stopped black ant senor pastor cried give ride king court pocket la hormiguita ride pocket
ask dressed wasn dressed fish net clothing undressed course wasn covered fish net walk burgomaster didn walk leg thrown goat ride course didn ride wasn walking foot reached burgomaster house called burgomaster night riding walking dressed undressed young burgomaster delighted manka cleverness pleased comely looks proposed short married understand dear manka cleverness expense won interfering cases fact give advice comes judgement turn house send home father manka busied housekeeping careful interfere burgomaster cases farmers burgomaster dispute settled farmers owned mare foaled marketplace colt run wagon farmer owner wagon claimed colt property burgomaster thinking case presented carelessly found colt wagon course owner colt
alvin thought minute added don sore arm slinging papers alvin knew wasn true sore arm hurt throwing rock big bull farm shoie knew shoie ended slinging papers think million maybe million papercarriers united states sore arm slinging papers throw arms maybe million sore arms invention works won single sore arm papercarrier brother thinker pest matter alvin treated stood quiet alvin important scientific test shoved started pedaling alvin approaced house house route took papers basket reached slipped cardboard tube paper slinger grabbed special cock lever handlebars pull hard cocked crashed curb finally ready big test alvin feel heart beating faster house feeling test invention took deep breath reached special release trigger wheeled past house gave quick jerk
slowly walking home willow avenue game reached decision walked past school street building maria decided throw towel didn want hurt kids chances play ball explained later figured caused trouble didn think fair anymore decision walked apartment surprised ronga coach talking parents awkward pause conversation adults saw coming maria standing door quickly realized talking going quit say think thing dear mother consoled ronga pepe home explain maria folks reluctant decision farina team sponsor drop team decision reached spared embarrassment resignation hoboken officials began criticizing league forced negative publicity mounted national office issued formal statement maria situation robert stirrat public relations organization told skeptical reporters rule makes girls ineligible backed wealth evidence physiological medical claimed girls shouldn allowed play baseball contact sport girls prone injury boys age
morning saw animal tracks soft earth shelter remaining ox found creature sought refuge woods killed hungry wolves night wild animals returned autumn night janette sat rifle afraid sleep morning stiff tired afternoon snow began fall janette brought extra supply logs night heard wind blowing wildly snuggled warm quilt morning couldn crawl hut managed cut small hole canvas roof dig snow smoke hole stove shivering piled fresh wood waited storm janette finally tunneled days later snow lay deep valley high shelter caught breath wild beauty tried think utterly slow days passed weeks weeks months janette grew pale thin food supply grew dangerously low began rationing skimpy meals call eagle pierced quiet janette crawled huge bird flying lazily sky felt mild wind brush cheeks saw snow melting pine branches spring janette heart began beat wildly settlers pass valley
high school popular kid showed friends called jules hey jude group troublemaking friends mother forbid hang called alcatraz hoo lee mami papi uncles aunts eat sancocho sunday afternoons folk soon leave pursue mischief wanted america judy alcatraz wanted poster read trace older sister hardest getting american mauricia translate english ironically foreign sounding americans family born york city parents tried immigration home homesick stay mother told story changed sister hospital delivery mami mothers cooing baby sons daughters exchanging names weights delivery stories mother embarrassed sally jane george john reveal rich noisy mauricia turn brag gave baby maureen ya give irish pretty spanish names choose women asked mother blushed admitted baby real group mother law recently died apologized husband insisted daughter named mother mauran
heaved bag lentils pulled big filled pot saw bag exactly size waiting pulled turn bags lentils put blanket tak need blanket cold weather sure blanket lay put wadded coat tak cold weather comes let put turn pity meat tobacco pot pattern mrs tak woman intelligence dear husband let put purse purses put money tomorrow evening buy lack afraid lose tak end agreed dropped purse pulled added money dropped pulled larger amount floor covered leather purses decided throw money worked saved trouble money added coins threw
fourteenth confinement shown single sign sickness opened door frisked autumn walked street crescent drive turned country lane ablaze autumn indian summer corn shocks pale buckskin tepees pointed upward immense blue curve sky maples flamed ridges passed orchard helped apples farther lane fences garlanded wild grapes rascal dyed muzzle purple pure pigment skirted marshes ponds north seen muskrat houses conical piles reeds underwater entrances perfect homes harmless interesting fur bearing rodents rascal sat silently marshy pond mallards black ducks tipping preening evening began fall muskrats quietly half finished houses began cut cattails carried mouths water pile homes wandered happily town dusk flame maples muted dying light spring warm pleasant saturday decision remember detail hour hour rascal slept bedroom fifteen steps curved stairway ate usual dining room table rascal behaving morning walked directly tablecloth sugar bowl lifted lid helped lumps
fog lay low hill tendrils drifted open doorway shadows sudden breeze whipped fog front barn hand clap stood appeared magic bowed turned called shoulder hey re heard clink harness rattle wagon trying follow ruts road toiling hill fog red rabbit saw uncle wagon seat rest wagon empty suppose give red rabbit load pull wagon company coils ropes shoulders baskets food ran hill feet pounding hard damp earth seat bowled uncle uncle worry dignity caught returned hug ouch pushed patted lightly chest young hand clap lefty white deer crowded glad re poor father uncle held hands bursting dozen questions help thing top hill uncle close shop boat climb abominable hill coldest wettest known creation don believe flying machines don uncle sternly feel owe son
leah getting morning woke sleeping folding couch room stayed worried living house going calling doors opening shutting radio tv food fixed phone stop ringing mom says bad calling yesterday article newspaper picture hugging crying grandparents coming night supper grandmother thought article wonderful especially liked grandfather mentioned grandfather insurance business ma mother thing say grandmother true kathryn father look tell pointed place article grandfather sold insurance worked doctor office say fair love war line reasoning escapes mom merle grandfather laughed christmas food presents tree eggnog strange felt weird daddy called afternoon talked bit wasn maybe thinking hear decided house sort humming feeling want minutes journal helps sit backyard sitting edge leah sandbox write bit finds
granted arthur mrs hull spoke firmly mother ahead ready want hems skirts myrtle mother cheer talk turned skirt lengths leaned andrea bathroom whispered sure follow climbed stairs andrea silk stockings top pointed rooms mother room bath side guest room mother bath hall boy room keeping track bathroom share andrea took bedroom share bedroom pointed door left private bathroom course wanted shut door touched magic wand felt queen dreamed bathroom difference person private elegant basin pot tub pale blue toilet paper supposed stuff white corner room dressing table blue white striped skirt flounced sat chair front table picked comb ran hair combed hair sitting opened door medicine cabinet found jars tubes face cream lined inside bottle shampoo big box bath salts wondered try bath salts
late january forty singers gathered studios los california record song singers represent variety music styles including rock country western soul folk asked sing song midnight exhausted dionne warwick bruce springsteen flown los concerts syracuse york michael jackson lionel richie quincy jones working making song days nights deal energy choir singers record song exhaustion don matter singers night lift heads sing strength purpose felt point recording session choir asked sing unison suitable request meaning unison sound perfect agreement regardless singers styles night agreed idea feed starving africa recording idea inspired similar record britain irish musician bob geldof fall geldof heads rock band boomtown rats happened london home watching television night geldof saw night moved action british broadcasting company cameraman michael buerk filmed scenes starving ethiopians geldof later thing remember picture wall
dark drops rain spattered hut wind turned cool gusted rain hit hut handfuls gravel wind began blow steadily timothy hut look sky shouted dey boilin ovah tis hurrican sure hear surf beginning crash wind drove waves timothy ducked inside stand opening hut big body stretched hang overhead frame keeping hut erect felt movement legs feet things slithering screamed timothy shouted nothin lil lizard coming high groun rain slashing hut wind reaching steady howl crash surf sounded closer wondered beginning push hill rain icy wet head foot shivering thought sea rolling sudden cold moment splintering sound timothy dropped covering body hut blown shouted put ead downg rolled stomach cheek wet sand stew cat burrowed sound roar storm sound wind beaten wildness sea rain hitting thousands hard berries blown air guns
smaller hut selkirk dressed meat slain built larger hut distance slept read sang fires rubbing pimento sticks knee pimento logs cooking light logs burned smoke gave refreshing odor beginning caught fish disagreed ate seafood crawfish big lobsters broiled boiled frequently goat meat broth altogether killed hundred goats island powder gave developed substitute speed foot according rescuers ran wonderful swiftness woods rocks hills perceived employed catch goats bull dog nimblest runners help catching goats distanced tired dog caught goats brought pursuing goats wore shoes forced feet toughened till run barefooted rescue wear shoes feet swell goats ate milk pets nail needle stitched clothing skins things cut skins knife hatchet gave iron picked shore pounded thin stones sharpened rocks goats formed chief resource existence providing food clothing shelter
think fishermen saw occasions georgia coastal river huge snake creature related famous loch ness monster northern scotland centuries saw monster loch ness largest lake europe sea told terrifying tales sea monsters set seas boats told sea creatures backs mile wide monsters arms pluck sailor high atop mast sailing ship gigantic serpent reportedly circled earth equator today scientists sure sea monsters imaginary whales manatees walruses seals giant squid sharks seaweed bizarre animals plants discovered parts seas recently spotted galapagos islands pacific coast south america sailors ages superstitious monsters supposedly lurking seas wreck ships devour creature dominated tales sea called sea serpent famous loch ness monster scandinavian pastor hans egede wrote monster saw establishing mission greenland appeared terrible sea monster raised high water head reached ship main top sharp snout blew whale broad large flippers body covered hard skin wrinkled uneven lower part formed snake underwater cast backwards raised tail water ship length body
minutes later cat emerged sat daintily cleaning whiskers dog licked black siamese face panting tongue affectionately patted nose return restless hunger wandered banks creek investigating rock pushing hopeful nose tunnels withered sedge yielding earth molehills sadly lay unrewarding blueberry bush drew paws tightly blackened face licked dirt young dog hungry verge starvation barriers deep rooted labrador heredity broken generations ancestors bred retrieve harming hunter killing abhorrent drank deeply stream urged companions trail ran high crest hilly wooded country surrounding countryside filled beauty color reds vermilions occasional maples pale birch yellow poplar scarlet clusters mountain ash berries rich dark green background spruce pine cedar times passed log ramps built side hill picking deep ruts left timber sleighs passed derelict buildings rank overgrown clearings stables bush horses living quarters worked generation ago windows broken sagging weeds growing floorboards rusted cookstove fireweed springing firebox animals strangely evidences human occupation skirted hair raised backs
adults paid tribute amaroq smothered love bayed wild note sounded wind frozen sea sat puppies scattered jello pulled ears drew looked smaller amaroq wailed stretching neck head high gazed affectionately plain spirit royal leader held group love wisdom fear miyax wolves dispelled affection friendly animals devoted amaroq needed accepted accepted knew achieve bite chin going studied pups hoping simpler expressing love black puppy approached leader sat lay wagged tail vigorously gazed amaroq pure adoration royal eyes softened miyax thought called amaroq lying gazing don look puppies wagging praises amaroq yipped hit high note crooned voice rose fell adults sang puppies yipped bounced song ended abruptly amaroq arose trotted swiftly slope nails ran silver jello jello run silver turned looked straight eye pressed ears forward aggressively lifted tail jello puppies sped dark birds miyax hunched forward elbow learn
aremis slake age thirteen took fear misfortune hid underground thing thing happened finally happened perfectly logical considered surprising fact earlier aremis slake escaped subway things rough ground subway token pocket emergency emergencies occurring due joining hostile circumstances begin slake small beat reason non reason catch wiry wily run tack track double finally dodge unseen subway hiding nook station save fare riding till things cooled habitable begin sweater end beginning slake found sweater seat subway car days blue gray diamond patterned nearly worn school pulled body forcing arms head twirling sweater pulled free grabbed waved air tossed high head football ran trying alfie bigjoe hup hip zeke slake fake offer slake moved promise hip hup head
slowly easily normal conditions body loses quart water sweating urinating easily double water loss digging frantically shelter walking jumping running stripping clothes desert heat days water loss kill water critical need find middle desert start car car cooling system filled water drinkable antifreeze unscrewing cap radiator front car hood remember water desert look source cactus plant cactus spreads roots surface rains roots soak water cactus absorb water rainstorm squat rounded barrel cactus sources cactus water cut top crush insides cup cut piece insides chew water milky looking alive find water holes desert muddy scummy water tastes okay re thirsty animal bones bodies lying edge water hole don drink water poisonous harvest water form dew drops airplane wings car hoods early morning
philip turned startled face reaching switch tv set helen listened moment upstairs told girls trouble coast guard stay mother safe bill stewart gus alan henneberry dropped deck lifeboat cutter horsepower engines warm electrically emergency start immediately radar need operative steer blind sheered dock wind blowing knots starting snow cove sturdy craft began roll bill opened wide boat radio henneberrys bill talked john fairservice reassuring buoy sambro fairway radar bill knew exactly changed course rock switched cutter searchlights angling east cried alan joyfully marge look crowed gus statue liberty crew beginning bill cutter close going aground gus alan launched rubber dinghy henneberrys reached rock hauled dinghy clear water started icy slope put jacket marge led ice helped dinghy shifted craft nearer water waited sea hurled boat passenger waves leaping dinghy moment
room shut windows bed saw looked ill shivering face white walked slowly ached move matter schatz headache bed bed dressed downstairs dressed sitting fire looking sick miserable boy put hand forehead knew fever bed re sick doctor took boy temperature asked hundred downstairs doctor left medicines colored capsules instructions giving bring fever purgative overcome acid condition explained influenza worry fever hundred degrees light epidemic flu danger avoided pneumonia room wrote boy temperature note give capsules want read want boy face white dark areas eyes lay bed detached going read aloud howard book pirates reading feel schatz asked
passions theater passion diminished age matter busy missed show group actors town actors visited hamlet months organize show manager producer young lady grandmother plays melodramas inspired books read seen stage chose favorite grandson play role hero fail marry heroine end live happily sisters tell getting play role young heroine anymore grandmother merely replied play role young heart grandmother married loved heart totally grandfather shy laughed loudly spoke softly physically strong grandmother excused lack physical strength saying scholar months marriage grandparents restaurant rascal began insult grandfather looked weak pretty wife insulting remarks hey wet chicken place weakling grandfather wanted leave restaurant grandmother finished meal grandmother pulled shirt sleeve signaled remain seated continued eat looked happened
jewel grandma fourth birthday devoted contradicted clearly ginger tom history survived sixty odd intervention uncle parker deplorable driving today grandma birthday contradicted rarely contradicted anyway lot trouble contradict grandma grandma sixes fifty agreed rule odds convincing practically million anyway short jewel grandma repeated observation trifle argumentatively grandma liked arguments disappointed wanted re jewel bagthorpe diplomatically dropped kiss head pulled chair wife danger temporarily averted jack seated uncle parker rosie cast speculative eye table customary bagthorpe birthday trimmings present noted satisfaction sausage rolls stuffed eggs cream meringues chocolate truffle cake mrs special trifle eyes bagthorpes present riveted pause jack eyes moved top table grandma argument thwarted hanging fire purpose guessed pay waited receive eventually remarked eyes piously closed lord truly thankful words eyes blinked open cobra hand rapidly nearest pile stuffed eggs amen gabbled company exception uncle parker loudly cheerfully hear hear food began vanish astonishing rate
chinese merchant proud course course delicacies brought table dutch trader eaten sauce host offered pour roast goose dishes remarkable specialty house common sauce call chinese means language brine pickled fish resembles actually ingredients juices preserved mushrooms walnuts suitably seasoned happens trade sauce pleased approve send bottle thinking trader buy holland casks hollander smiled say small trial order half dozen casks start trade started end sixteenth century eighteenth century dutch heavy importers sauce chinese word hard pronounce sounded sneeze word dutch changed ketjap brought america americans trouble ketjap dutch promptly transformed ketchup catsup formula underwent drastic change spicy chinese cry thick red sauce lavishly pour hamburgers french fried potatoes
miss crocker walked stiffly desk set tiny platform piled high bulky objects covered tarpaulin rapped desk ruler room perfectly welcome children faith elementary school turning slightly stared squarely left side room continued fourth graders class expecting wonderful things addressing side room grade friends today starting road knowledge education tiny feet find pathways learning steady forever bored stretched arm desk rested head upraised hand miss crocker smiled machanically rapped desk talking grade teacher miss davis held jackson days pleasure sprinkling minds rays knowledge beamed expected applauded bit news swoop large eyes include fourth graders sacrifice days christian boys girls share share share willing yes mis crocker children chorused remained silent approve group responses adjusting head hand sighed heavily mind burning berrys
course daisy mama turning books disobeyed tone quiet noncommital knew miss crocker satisfied reaction thought wanted mary case wanted give piece mind mama smiled miss crocker absently yes course daisy thank opened desk drawer pulled paper pair scissors small brown bottle miss crocker dismayed mama unconcern seriousness matter thrust shoulders began moving desk understand don books study fail reading composition plan base lessons stopped abruptly stared amazement mama mary mama answer trimmed paper size books dipping gray looking glue brown bottle inside cover books took paper glue mary logan re book belongs county superintendent office comes sees book real trouble mama laughed picked book place cares place maybe things need current books subjects throwaways desks paper blackboards erasers maps chalk voice trailed glued book
decisions job jobs give greatest satisfaction match interests abilities job help find job interests kind jobs fit interests kind training need job jobs want job measure ability aptitude tasks occupations choose carefully consider abilities making final decisions job test job exploratory instrument help compare interests major job titles steps book answer questions educational plans major job interests job setting compare answers major job titles record number matches answer insert list job titles closely match educational plans interests explore facts information insert folder page page booklet rate jobs decide choice job closely matches needs place insert folder entitled job title search pages booklet job index boxes seen page
suppose walked astrodome pair kingfishers small birds astrodome large hear bird call kingfishers preparing fish meal kingfishers feed fish provide fish kingfishers astrodome fish live food provide food fish fish eat fish eat smaller fish fish eat insects small animals live pond animals eat smaller animals animals pond eat plants eat remains dead animals plants suppose kingfisher astrodome eats small sunfish trace kingfisher meal source chain plants animals called food chain notice food chain begins green plants ends kingfisher tiny green plants food chain algae expect find green plants beginning food chain kingfishers eat kinds small fish sunfish kingfishers astrodome eat fish called sticklebacks eat small frogs food chains kingfishers astrodome remember food chains combined food web food web shows animals sources food
astrodome model ecosystem earth earth ecosystems support systems earth air water earth living things provide food depend living nonliving parts environment things need live city farm bound planet earth depend earth soil food plants animals provide fibers cotton wool wood build houses fuels oil coal earth crust mine earth metals tools machines clearly tied earth natural resources natural resources part support system consumers things support system consumers environment kingfishers change environment making nests eating fish kingfishers don build cities mine earth grow food eat study earth environment learn support systems study ways learned change environment find piece stale bread piece apple piece potato let stand air dry bit add water moisten bread potato apple place separate plastic bag
chemists call equation chemical equation chemical equation chemical formulas describe chemical change chemical reaction atoms changed recall combined written sentence word equation chemical equation describes happens water molecules broken chemical equation shows hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms originally joined form water molecules hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms joined water molecules broken say chemical equation short describing happens chemical change course chemical equation shows atoms combined chemical equation show chemists find helpful models studying chemical let models show chemical change compound water broken atoms count side arrow agree atoms left side atoms side created extra atom atom started course number atoms going chemical reaction equal number atoms coming reaction chemists balance equations show actually happens atoms chemical reaction equation balanced chemical equation balanced number atoms side
ice change study picture observed picture shows surely seen ice changing seen ways things change suppose observe change times suppose observe change happens predict tell ahead happen observe change scientist observing kind change observed change times predict happen weeks observe able predict place things ways scientist look ship inside bottle inside bottle say think moment maybe ship inside bottle try find observe bottles photograph notice bottle open bottle closed cork bottle filled halfway water bottle filled halfway pebbles study bottles fills half bottles observe bottles look empty empty let find
suppose put metal pan hot plate hold cold hard ice cube fork pan metal pan hot happen ice cube drop drop solid ice cube melts turns liquid water drops hit hot pan drops hot boil drops water disappear air water gas gas invisible invisible gas called water vapor happened ice cube solid ice cube changed liquid water turn liquid water changed gas water vapor change matter called change let rock matter solid water matter liquid air matter gaseous solid matter liquid matter gas matter solid liquid gaseous matter change change solid liquid change liquid gaseous matter change gas liquid suppose water boils kettle cool saucer steam water vapor observe happens water vapor hits cool saucer
let happens element iron joins element oxygen substance rust formed say elements combine iron combines oxygen rust formed scientists iron oxide rust look word oxygen yes oxygen word oxide elements combine form substances substances called compounds iron oxide compound compound elements element kind atom compound atoms elements elements form mixtures elements form compounds mixtures compounds mixed clips nickels clips change nickels change mix sand marbles sand change marbles mixture substances change compound iron oxide forms steel wool air inside jar elements join compound elements change elements combine form substances water tiny part air important live water rain soil water plants grow grow food let water element compound observe happens electricity passed water special
animals find baby animals big grow big puppies grow puppies grow big dogs grow small dogs say young animals grow change eggs hatch young feed grow bigger eggs hatch tadpoles feed tadpoles grow legs legs tail frog eggs hatch young grow bigger find food care eggs hatch young birds feed grow bigger learn feed care young feed mother milk learn hunt catch fish care baby deer grow change grasshopper butterfly animals insects insects grow change grasshopper lays eggs ground young grasshoppers hatch eggs young grasshoppers grow change butterflies lay eggs plants caterpillars hatch eggs caterpillar begins change pupa pupa butterfly butterfly spreads wings flies butterfly food live farm live wild lives water live land lives water land animals need food
tom hear ann washes face feels wet feels dry fran joe smell taste julio find today hear find today find animals colors birds colors today find plants colors flowers colors today sun lights trees need light dark things let light things let light things light need light light light help show friends draw camera hear hear sounds sounds tell sounds sound put rubber band box pull rubber band let rubber band move hear sound stop rubber band happens sound rubber band moves fast makes sound string moves fast hear sound hear sound
baby frog tadpole look exactly parents soon tadpole hind legs develop front legs grow tail disappears lungs develop inside body tadpole frog frog continues grow adult size growing fact living things grow young living things develop mature adults animals mature months hours mayfly insect matures hours lives think animal takes adult seed inside acorn grow tall oak tree branches oak tree acorns seeds oak trees oak tree grown produce kind living things reproduce produce kind horses produce kind produce foals baby horses fish produce fry baby fish turtles produce baby turtles group living things reproduce reason group completely die group extinct happened group living things completely died dinosaurs huge reptiles roamed earth extinct million ago exactly sure dinosaurs died
lucy mary growing onions garden onions grow girls started growing indoors march tiny onion plants sunny window middle frost season passed girls brought plants outdoors lucy mary checked onion plants watered plants end august onions ready harvested part onion plant eat round white bulb bulb grows underground suppose examine part onion bulb microscope cells bulb onion onion cells look boxes nearly cells nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane thick sides plant cell thought thick cell membrane cell wall cell membrane inside cell wall cell walls found plant cells animal cells cell walls cell walls plant cellulose cellulose makes plant stiff plants stiffer cell walls trunk tree instance stiff leaf green plant stiff surprising wood mainly cellulose wood burned mainly cellulose millions plant cells burning
seen kinds celled organisms learn celled organism reading science page powerful microscopes scientists able study celled organisms reproduce amebas fed reproduce ameba dividing ameba pinched middle hours amebas exactly alike ameba celled organisms reproduce kind cell division called fission fission means splitting fission cells size fission celled organism produces celled organisms parent alike tiny bodies nucleus bodies called chromosomes set pattern young organisms look parent suppose examine nucleus ameba dividing find threadlike bodies chromosomes chromosomes ameba looks ameba substance chromosomes set pattern ameba shape develops parts scientists chromosomes set pattern managed change substance chromosomes scientists seen organisms change chromosomes cells parent set pattern parent pass pattern offspring
strange white wilderness strong winds howl frozen land temperature freezing winter antarctica land south pole sea coast antarctica frozen land ships move frozen sea fact sea frozen kind land land ice lifeless land sea ice stately group creatures comes marching dignified emperor penguins penguin stands meter tall end journey emperor penguins distances vast cold seas antarctica flippers fine swimmers seas frozen didn fly penguins birds lost ability fly millions ago part penguins waddled ice webbed feet part slid ice stomachs flippers feet push moved faster skier emperor penguins breeding ground place lay eggs raise young freezing air calls male female penguins looking partners
full grown chinook salmon nearly meter salmon male female live pacific ocean pacific ocean vast enormous numbers animals plants kinds easy salmon find food salmon feed smaller fish feed shrimp squid salmon feed grow ocean female salmon ready lay eggs lay pacific ocean lay eggs salmon begin journey thousands salmon male female begin swim land salmon reach mouths rivers turn salmon heading special river heading river born salmon heading river place hatched salmon swim rivers face dangers larger fish attack food bears salmon caught fishing lines salmon left swim past leap waterfalls salmon muscular fish leap swimming full speed water rising swiftly surface salmon leap waterfall meters high
ways animals food inborn behaviors crocodile bursting egg water find food learn inborn behavior chicks peck ground food pebble food learn things eat soon peck seeds food learn leave pebbles eating behavior inborn learned think scientists say pecking small things ground inborn behavior chicks knowing things actually eat learned crushing seeds beaks inborn behavior chickadees english chickadees trouble finding usual food learned crush tops milk bottles left porches soon chickadees area learning tiny fish african waters protected parent strange ripple water fish swim quickly mother swim mouth stay danger fish young safe born knowing learn scientists studying kind question
travel ways park picnic bus car walk visit train plane group special trip trip trip special travel find let find exciting journey won car plane won need suitcase won need ticket need imagination spaceship space distance sun glows bright yellow light sun bodies space bodies called planets planets move sun spin tops sun planets solar system planet traveling sun travels path called orbit planets travel fast travel slowly complete orbit sun journey starts ship travel solar system pass mercury small planet planet closest sun mercury hot land mercury hotter hottest earth dry valleys mountains
earth beautiful planet continue journey wonderful things earth red planet mars called mars soil red soil soil iron iron earth don earth mars alike moons earth moon mars small moons remember earth looked space mars blue patches water ice solid water ice forms caps north south poles earth mars feels spring earth leave night night mars cold air mars air earth thinner traps heat mars cools quickly night night mars earth days takes mars trip sun visit takes largest planet jupiter imagine jupiter big earths fit inside strange planet clouds clouds moving giant red spot moves clouds goes knows spot
journey imagination things seen real learned planets real planets spacecraft traveled planets landed flew past information earth spacecraft called viking landed mars arm reached scoop red soil viking found water soil find living things mars spacecraft called pioneer photographs venus pioneer mountains venus plains map venus voyager spacecraft journey planets shown marvelous things took picture rings saturn saw clearly journeys spacecraft reach farthest planets learn solar system wait don space object space look clear night moon earth moon earth satellite orbit earth makes trip earth weeks moon night
ancient civilizations developed areas eastern end mediterranean sea area desert clear night air excellent observing stars region observed stars moon sun earliest complete records observations ancient greeks ancient greeks thought earth fixed sun moon stars revolved recognized star northern sky appeared remain position nearly stars rotated slowly star stars wander background gave planets wanderers ancient greeks traveled northward noticed fixed star northern sky appeared higher higher horizon returned home star returned familiar position noticed sailing ships putting sea slowly disappeared curious hull ship disappeared finally top sail tip mast ships disappeared exactly fashion regardless direction moving observations interpreted mean earth spherical earlier babylonians divided circle parts representing daily steps sun yearly journey background stars greeks divisions
scale map refers ratio distances shown map actual distances earth unit map equal larger number units ground common units measure distances map inches centimeters units earth miles mile inches kilometers kilometer centimeters early century international agreement map land areas scale million ratio written means centimeter kilometers inch miles ground inches feet yards miles convenient units agreement country thing getting millionth map united states decided map scales ratios fractional relations common map scales states smaller areas millionth map reduce maps official mapping program based areas defined latitude longitude basic unit area degree latitude degree longitude mapped scale inch equals approximately miles exactly times millionth detailed maps cover areas thirty minutes latitude longitude minutes thirty seconds
cloud formation involves rising air air rise answer input energy air rises heat energy put hot muggy days lot moisture air complain energy fine days air cool dry feel full energy ready instinctive feelings energy scientific concept shown figure kinds energy thing common capacity heat form energy familiar touch object finger object feels warm heat flowing finger re touching object feels cold heat transfer opposite direction heat flows mercury alcohol thermometer liquid expands top liquid column moves find evidence heat energy detect heat transferred ways illustrated figure ways heat moves material higher temperature material lower temperature ways heat transferred doubt obvious
bacon rene descartes galileo galilei william harvey isaac newton forefront scientific revolution century renaissance underway health misconceptions dominated thinking gradually dispelled lack rapid means transportation communications significant advances health sciences took centuries achieve importantly misconceptions continue dominate thinking today remain important influencers current unhealthful behavior let look theories beginning theory ancient greece hippocrates born honored father medicine designated originator humoral theory disease based concept human body composed humors liquids blood yellow bile black bile phlegm advanced theory humors imbalanced disease result obvious treatment put humors balance accomplished bleeding patient practice continued early united states practiced parts need recognize close theoretical parallel humoral theory homeostatic concept generally recognized today homeostasis essentially tendency organism maintain physiological chemical equilibrium miasmatic concept disease evolved middle ages
alluded earlier significant shift society perceives major health problems shift essentially communicable diseases resulted death chronic degenerative diseases health problems related social disruption alcohol abuse criminal behavior generally number die chronic degenerative diseases basic criterion designating major health problems authorities consider criteria social disruption incapacitation economic drain death rates identifying major health problem decade ago american health assembly met consider health americans cited urgent health problems poverty overpopulation aged destructive behavior accidents obesity indolence smoking alcoholism drug abuse regardless criteria determine constitutes major health problem exist today need extensive possess technology knowledge significant reductions incidence prevalence health problems induced result improper living patterns individuals need provide masses health knowledge change lifestyles health directed behavior significantly influenced availability accessibility health personnel facilities effort federal government past decades ensure adequate distribution health care facilities personnel large gaps remain health care system
theories formulated attempt explain structure personality affects functioning ability theories contribute part understanding nature personality role physical psychological development theories impact understanding personality psychoanalytic theory developed freud theory major attempt conceptualize structure personality explain reasons behavior closely related theory counterpart psychoanalysis treatment psychological problems freud believed helped overcome problems aware understanding unconscious desires memories refuted adequately explaining psychological makeup individuals impact psychological theory persists freud theory based premises behavior result function prior stimulation individual conscious unconscious dimension mind parts conscious preconscious unconscious aspects mental functioning individual aware conscious thoughts easily brought mind preconscious events brought mind difficulty unconscious behavior ultimately determined set unconscious drives instincts drives comprise individual psychic energy tension person seeks reduce behaving freud hypothesized personality divided major segments id ego superego
twentieth century approaches mental health changed radically traditionally individuals considered mentally healthy suffer severe psychological disorder fixed line drawn mentally healthy sane mentally sick insane gradually understanding complex variety mental problems affect ability cope problems range mild disturbances suffers occasionally severe problems require professional help prolonged therapy hospitalization gained insight mental illness psychological disturbances arrived understanding positive goals mental health mental health longer considered simply absence mental illness contemporary sense mental health happiness ability possession high esteem success achieving reasonable desires ambitions social mentally adjusted healthy unduly stressed ordinary demands abilities aware limitations respond ordinary conflicts rational guilt feelings energy level high zest living terms objectives productive comfortable living healthy person regularly experience sense fulfillment expect constant high course
mental problem continues despite efforts reduce seek professional help soon period mental problems bring high blood pressure ulcers physical ills addition deep rooted problems difficult fathom cure require months getting help early bit putting fire spreads uncontrollable signs person need counseling therapy assist coping person reacts intensity minor problems disappointments assistance rational framework indication inability put home school job normal situations person demonstrate fear dread encounters mistrust friends members family feelings failure pervasive lack energy interest things stimulating preoccupation anxieties individual begin smoking alcohol drugs experience disturbance sleep patterns general insomnia increase decrease appetite lasting weeks longer apparent person uncommonly difficult relationships strained reactions simply part compound general problem short term personal problem counseling generally consists ten sessions focus kinds person mental disturbances
bioecological stressors including biological rhythms climate noise arise relationship environment susceptible influence conscious thought humans genetically programmed respond ways basic bioecological stressors cycle seasons light dark night division seconds minutes hours dictate surely seen experience fact creature earth imposes schedule natural cycles dark light heat cold dictates natural divisions consequence feel sync environment moody irritable ill disregarded natural rhythms familiar phenomenon jet lag psychobiological disorder afflicts distance air travelers fly zones evidence jet lag include disrupted sleeping eating patterns physical symptoms headaches blurred vision inability concentrate normal body temperature tests shown week recover massive disruptions established cycles airline employees required rest number days flights bodies healthy companies require inter transcontinental representatives rest arrival business chance adjust bodies daily rhythm
read sentences contest winner announced soon taking stand folks exciting winner feet hurt winner chosen bring microphone sentences ask information sentences tell sentences statements sentences express excitement strong feeling type sentence sentence group words expresses complete thought types sentences declarative sentence makes statement declarative sentence begins capital letter ends period sneakers full sand feet hurt interrogative sentence asks question begins capital letter ends question mark beach wh questions interrogative sentences begin leave early yes questions interrogative sentences answered yes seen suzanne sunburn imperative sentence command order begins capital letter ends period return beach ball sit umbrella exclamatory sentence expresses surprise excitement begins capital letter ends exclamation mark hot watch wave
look picture pretend part scene compare statements pairs girls looking maple tree maple trees beautiful oak trees birds nest ten feet ground birds chirping loud distracting jogger movie actor recent movie excellent statement pair information proved true false prove statements statement pair discussed proved statement pair fact statement opinion talk information give fact opinion tell facts opinions look kind information fact known proved true fact change person person hat bed newsstand carry magazine ostrich unable fly facts proved true ways facts proved true personal observation facts proved true checking person knowledge subject reliable facts proved true looking reference book person states fact mistaken information statements incorrect
pele international hero played professional soccer game october retirement big news listen read article discusses sporting final tribute properly respectful diplomats sporting celebrities introduced waved crowd remained silent deference presence unretiring muhammad ali stood mute give gifts praise tersely left microphone silence covered stadium fog ladies gentlemen pele putting hands head support quivering words happy greatest moment want thank single want opportunity ask pay attention young children kids need want ask think believe love tears welled eyes longer stem flow tightened grip continued words shaking voice cracking love important passes say times love love love persons watched covered face hands took comfort cosmos teammate countryman carlos alberto
read sentences fantastic game team winning block pass winner game playoffs sentence asks information sentence tells sentence statement sentence expresses strong feeling kind letter begins sentence sentence end read sentences shouting terrific play sit re blocking view sentence statement sentence asks information sentence expresses strong feeling sentence tells type sentence sentence group words expresses complete idea begins capital letter ends punctuation mark types sentences sentence states tells called statement statement called declarative sentence ends period waited hour fritz late sentence asks called question interrogative sentence ends question mark meet kinds interrogative sentences wh questions interrogative sentences begin words leave travel yes questions interrogative sentences answered yes talk wearing disguise
classify items large group smaller groups smaller group called subgroup members smaller group share common feature subgroup items items belong subgroup share common feature illustrate group subgroups circle diagram tree diagram circle diagram shows relationship large group subgroups items belong subgroups shown placement smaller circles large circle tree diagram shows relationship large group subgroups items belong subgroups shown position branches lines connect large group subgroups items belong subgroups williams explained job conductor class special kind comparison explanation orchestra conductor coach ways conductor players case musicians playing conductor tries players give coach conductor makes sure musicians follow rules game main things williams compare things thought alike comparison comparison williams called
sport special sounds read article baseball spring training notice author sound words events alive baseball watchers need spring training game cubs padres sat sun drenched open grandstand base allowed interior clock begin slowing pace summer baseball watched movements patterns field interest game merged pleasure place weather sunlight dazing half closed eyes aware afternoon silence perfect contained running pattern baseball sounds hear murmurous play play radio announcer press box words undistinguishable groups phrases kind sense accompanied unending sea sound crowd rose shouts broke separate words cries hey clap clap clap clap hot dogs hey peanuts hot dogs clap clap clap whoo clap clap clap clap clap clap batter number ho say carr field sudden short flat noise whocck sound hear let end plank allowing fall top loose stack boards
group words expresses complete idea close window raining lot rain sentence tells shows surprise excitement asks question tells sentence group words expresses complete idea word written sentence begins capital letter statement sentence tells statements end periods sky clearing question sentence asks questions end question marks sun coming command request sentence tells commands requests end periods open window exclamation sentence shows surprise excitement exclamations end exclamation marks beautiful rainbow group words express complete idea called sentence fragment large bottle shelf part sentence tells sentence read sentences dog looked window window open curtains fluttered dog face fido barked curtains dog silly looked window sentence open sentence fluttered dog face sentence barked curtains sentence silly sentence subject sentence tells sentence
creatures darkness recognized appearance sounds issue manner movement dismal swamps abide bespeak evil nature odd thaddeus blinn wasn spooky scary put finger funny coven tree strange tale able give exactly asked wasn wishing started tell story front told polly rowena adam part sure knows thing stew meat christened stewart meade nickname hung boy stuck coven tree general store miles shop sooner later tell reaches ears relate entire tale thaddeus blinn awful trouble brought peaceful village coven tree church social held saturday june church big side lawn party town invited close church booths run local martha peabody sells boxes molasses cookies luella quinn raffles quilt spent winter stitching reverend terwilliger sets scale tries guess weight
consarn leland wickstaff polly howled didn spend looking frog scare wanted watch awhile maybe catch fly tongue start bellering jump sun left find haven sense born brains big gob mud hit polly middle spun lenora scoop handful hurl polly dodged mud spattered tree stop lenora cried talking leland fair siding leland threw mud struck polly ankle feel run shoe let play lenora leland idea lenora replied polly vanished don dare pull trick polly looked wickstaff twins hard tell especially twilight wore blue overalls checkered shirts freckles hair color ripe wheat difference lenora hair braids leland looked put bowl head clipped hair sticking
polly tossed turned bed late night couldn mind agatha torn dress frogs spider crick chirping croaking finally small hours morning polly nodded woke shy clock tired eyes felt sand polly washed combed hair dressed feeling meaner snapping turtle account sleeping trudged downstairs kitchen mrs kemp sighed shook head saw mood polly hoped daughter hold complaining school polly took look toast eggs started mother toast horrid burned jug rum earth bullfrog gotten house mrs kemp wondered sounded kitchen jug rum mrs kemp eyes lit polly girl sitting bolt upright hand throat looked scream sound jug rum polly mother shook head exasperation stop young lady making frog sounds going school today told sick times jug rum jug rum polly jug rum frog want
pretty upset didn answer letter report worked ok read ways amuse dog wrote real big line filled paper book lived seattle didn moved alaska guessed moose toast letter finally didn want read class didn think miss martinez silly answers real messing round don kids don raise goats read class laughed miss martinez smiled didn smile part favorite animal purple monster ate children authors lists questions reports learning library writing tips ok tell meant don worry write won send understand busy books hid page letter miss martinez list questions answer mad author put list questions answered don think fair wrote report
wasn going answer questions mom won tv repaired says rotting brain thanksgiving vacation bored decided answer couple rotten questions rotten brain joke family dad bandit family mom live mobile home bakersfield california central valley studied school mom dad divorced sold mobile home dad moved trailer dad drives big truck cab job means cab engine don truck parents divorced dad drive hauling stuff cotton sugar beets produce central california nevada couldn owning rig cross country hauling head worked practically night saved payment mom mobile home big payments rig hauled cross country big rig sure beauty bunk cab rig truckers call tractor calls truck ten wheels front hitch flatbeds refrigerated vans couple gondolas
write list questions author answer matter teacher says school school ok guess kids thing sixth grade school hang friends don lot friends school mom says maybe loner don boy school pretty cautious maybe boy pays attention paid attention school gave book report ways amuse dog report library book kids pay attention lunch watch lunch katy things wish ask school stay kicking soccer ball kids won think stuck asks favorite teacher don favorite teacher fridley custodian fair pass milk lunchtime clean threw hall didn look cross
brig orion weeks havana appeared home port bethany maine miss evangeline frye parting bed curtains formally banishing night chanced spy sails wondered ship fired salute miss frye combing coarse gray hair orion drifted unexpectedly presenting stern harbor miss frye blowing hearth fire harbor pilot drowsy son rowed father ship return frenzy eyes wide hands trembling miss frye stationed parlor window awaiting sight sarah peel peered length bartholomew street straight spined mast tall gaze aimed top row windowpanes miss frye eyed clock town hall door fifteen girl late plenty scrubbing spinning pursed lips lowered eyes looked flower garden nearly independence tansy thriving pinks bloom marigolds budding schedule poppy seeds bought rogue peddler gullibly planted care single shoot reflected memory heard mother voice girls mothers evangeline devil regarded bare stretch soil sneering latest confirmation
miss frye walked mahogany desk lamp worked dusty goose quill pen ink bottle waited opened primer recalled pleasures shaping youthful mind freethinker religious matters refused child church taught catechism devising shunning bethany public school miss frye tutor vowed ethan turn gentleman cultured refined exception sex weed allowed root boy unwanted notion enter head tend child seedling tree encouraging branch cutting keeping image final shape fixed firmly mind reasoned god meant die granting assumed role boy thenceforward private domain growing body marveled tekoa words suddenly mind miss frye emerged reverie closed curtains shut door marched downstairs parlor dusk stood watch binnacle boy hoping catch seeking ear desperate tekoa seen light failed gave vigil slowly sipped bowl bean soup wondered tekoa message reported quickly put thought head
nicholas started instantly disengaged eyes heavens promise lad plain peacock give moonin quince put fatherly hand shoulder look alive eyelids hoisted stay alert hare lad hare chased hounds nicholas swallowed uneasily quickly straightened posture worthy trade chosen nicholas glorious exalted trade quince lowered voice whisper imagine king george shoes turkish sultan empress china quince disclosed knowing smile nay lad crawling hands knees triumphantly puffed pipe re ready em nicholas fingers busy blinkers wide open give lad body breeches saint crispin gestured weathervane roof hollow copper likeness saint crispin patron saint shoemakers nearly large nicholas sporting head chiseled curls saint shown sitting bench hammer upraised shoe busy blinkers cocked mark ways lad follow nicholas studied patron saint vanes sight pointed west saint crispin facing east moment result blow mulberry branch struck hurricane believing figure main function advertise shop quince bothered repair untroubled looked east days found stuck north south
taught school sixteen fifteen small felt small slightly rolling snowy land lay empty high thin sky empty overhead laura look knew town miles small dark blot empty prairie whiteness warm sitting room ma carrie grace brewster settlement miles ahead twelve miles town laura seen brewster hire teach school thin brown homesteader say pa sat looking ahead distance held reins mittened hands chirruped horses knew laura felt turned face spoke answering dread tomorrow laura schoolteacher knew didn didn expect soon think pa laura answered suppose suppose children won mind course pa assured failed tried
kitchen cold mrs brewster broken ice water pail filling teakettle replied pleasantly laura morning laura filled wash basin washed hands face bench door icy water cheeks tingle face rosy glowing looking glass bench combed hair slices salt pork frying mrs brewster slicing cold boiled potatoes frying pan stove johnny fussed bedroom laura quickly pinned braids tied apron let fix potatoes dress mrs brewster brought johnny stove ready breakfast laura finished slicing potatoes salted peppered covered turned slices meat set table neatly glad ma told bring big apron real big apron covers dress don mrs brewster answer stove red room warm bleak short words breakfast table relief laura put wraps books tin dinner pail leave house set half mile walk snow schoolhouse unbroken brewster footsteps laura walk
whimpering ashamed heard heard prairie empty white stay clean cold mean house tomorrow anxious school sun setting tomorrow rise night laura dreamed lost blizzard knew dream dreamed lost carrie blizzard blizzard worse stinging snow wind hard blows tried drive carrie narrow sofa laura held carrie suddenly carrie blizzard laura heart stopped horror strength sank dark pa driving town bobsled called laura going home saturday half pint ma mary carrie grace surprised mary happily laura ma face lighted smiling carrie hurried help laura wraps grace jumped clapping hands charles didn tell ma pa answered caroline hauling laura laura remembered dinner table pa drunk tea pushed cup guess hauling afternoon
boy wasn dumb idea kids look funny especially sixth walked wasn worth seeing thought face felt frozen permanent smile thing complete disaster try telling mom thought staying end millions friends maybe kids wasn nora sure things couldn let mother found friends mother think easy lowered armchair massaged swollen feet hometown spent afternoon friend janice playing listening records making fudge mothers let school walk block till feet fell stomach began growl wandered kitchen search eat climbed chair look cabinets graham cracker pretzel opened refrigerator celery slimy carrots soft bent horseshoes guess wait till dinner thought nora
nora stomach lurched yes ma spit floor lie trouble lied trouble told truth stop biting pencil biting nails nora shook head irritation bitten pencil nora answer bell rang kids scrambled seats hall mrs robinson dashed kindly wait dismissed kindly nora slumped seat saved figure lunchtime slung book bag shoulder stepped hall stopped admire display pictures painted mrs callahan grade class inspected minutely thirty minutes period remained nora squared shoulders forced walk cafeteria doors open tentative foot inside quick glance showed sitting usual seat assigned seats kids played tennis sat swim club kids sat kids gymnastics sat table table butted proper qualificatons front food line decision sit
halls noisier usual morning rain nora thought wrong assembly called period heading auditorium nora twirled ecstasy math assemblies sit homeroom tell sit pledged allegiance sung national anthem nora hold ears rockets red glare part screechy principal stood started talking history revolution significance young freedom fighters today blah blah blah till nora thought nap listening wondered called listen speech history couldn discussed history class shifted uncomfortably seat conclude historical society giving tours early american exhibit class sponsor essay contest student urged participate teachers give information homerooms thank sat smattering applause usual lunge door single file shouted patrols single file rest morning passed quickly bell rang lunch nora believe rain pelted windowpanes making impossible
lock stall door clicked janie stood studied wall flushed water absent stepped seat small print high resting arm metal divider stalls chuckled thinking harold friend home say newest additions wall felt jean jacket pocket didn pencil bad wow aloud add line remark janie heard gasp looked stall blonde girl stared horrified oooops sorry wasn spying reading walls girl believe janie tell jumped toilet flushed couple times crouched girl black pumps okay yelled divider unlocked stall bolted bathroom door coming mother taking thought problem places walk attract strange concerned janie rolled eyes helene worry wheelchair waiting room don need hospital regulation re fun race knack
trouble nurse goes room supposed bed janie leaned exit door munched top half candy bar asked mouthful chocolate nuts don don want trouble courtney watching candy disappear maybe punish home startled look crossed courtney face giggled okay give half janie handed courtney candy thinking caramel stuck side teeth pushed sticky stuff tongue salted nuts caramel chocolate favorite candy peanut butter chocolate popped bite mouth trying size courtney candy bar hide landing janie nodded head door look heard noise courtney hungry give slowly licking chocolate thumb tell hold door open machine faster courtney opened heavy metal door janie decided choice janie throw money courtney whispered wait suppose door locks won able
climbed chair wide sill street dirty pigeons scuttling mounds gray snow plowed sidewalks icy rutted looked cold trees whipping sky bleak janie city moving direction looked cold nagging memory courtney welled janie shoved huge window open couldn figure startled loud gasp janie clung window sash steady miss tannenbaum janie look standing deliberately crossing arms chest nurse janie leaned glass opening window staring mrs bickerstaff woman trouble demanded want window opened ask janie spoke nonchalantly mrs bickerstaff standing chair eye level nurse exactly function father business voice nurse steel gray eyebrows arched charge nurse missy watch step don troublemakers sit temperatures morning want check janie knew question temperature asked clenched teeth holding thermometer tongue
don tucker ton canary say knew joke tucker father kitty kitty kitty kitty tucker mother laughed unusually hard joke overdoing tucker father concerned lost job pretended took effort stop laughing told tucker re put cat mind don hockers anymore thought dinky nice friend don worrying cat tucker attended private school manhattan afternoons brooklyn directly heights branch brooklyn public library easier study tucker father uncle spent afternoons town house dreaming scheme supposed millionaires scheme discussions noisy argumentative thirty began official cocktail hour noisier lasted tucker mother returned temporary job tucker authority libraries drunks dry read symptoms medical books crazies talk corners warm radiators small boy tucker allowed watch fourteen hours television week
tucker known dinky eating ask dinky restaurant pick pies mother ask wino drop vineyard watch bottling process food brooklyn heights lawyers courthouse supreme court building ate noon restaurant sections called things caucus room lawyers feel home talk writs judges defenses adjournments lawyers wolfed big plates beef stroganoff goulash noodles konigsberger klops sauerbraten dinky sitting counter finishing plate hot roast beef home fries fresh peas acknowledged tucker presence raised eyebrow eating reading book tucker waited minutes place counter ordered piece chocolate pie whipped cream sat dinky told agnes waitress side chocolate ice cream mine tucker re looking natalia rhyme holidays holidays tucker asked dinky shrugged cares tucker didn want say cared dinky unpredictable scenemaker tucker care dinky liable yell suppose re love natalia line tucker fill kind talk
natalia continued school lot schools parents lot psychologists thought slow learner shrinks crazy dinky shrink glandular problem ate anger bottled shrinks natalia tucker remained silent don anger bottled dinky lean alley cat advertised adoption tree natalia boy tony school thought retarded going schools retarded stopped talking wouldn sit chair clothes backward staring wall mother mean woman took anger anger bottled beat black blue baby heard say backward began wearing clothes backward dinky shrinks pay attention stupid mothers leave normal gland problems okay natalia school anymore regular school dinky
re pretty girl doctor pausing moment look black sutures placing carefully close laceration left palm doctors remembered young lot fuzzy hair didn look shaved tall skinny wore round glasses wire frames re cutting vegetables mother careful told sharp knives lot damage re lucky didn sever tendon sore hand laurie couldn watch needle going hand wasn painful looked scab knee remembered hospital annabelle put antiseptic bandaged kids asked happened laurie fallen careful hear doctor smiled nurse smiled annabelle smiled laurie didn smile felt face crack girl desk doctor handed annabelle emergency room report bye laurie laurie couldn bring reply mother nudged sharply walked corridor
apartment place jack big wore bright clothes talked loud voice laughed lot jolly laurie thought didn strike jolly played kids held shelly knee beg present brought laughed told laurie didn find friendly amusing tonight present fuzzy plush tiger shelly clasped chest round face laughing golden curls tumbling forehead daddy cried jack swept feet tossed air crowed delight father laurie thought truly forgotten jack put shelly turned laurie young lady hated think say thought hostile sullen felt warmth creeping neck tried desperately response reading reading eh voice changed spoke loud jolly forced interest felt shelly tim
art class doane announced going begin project going murals decorate halls parents night month divide teams responsible section mural appoint head teams leaders choose crew turn fine mural school proud laurie perked prospect working mural sank seat wasn team efforts choose plenty experience left chosen knew humiliating teacher finally assigned group didn want today team leaders shirley rogers immediately turned choose laurie chosen laurie flushed pleasure moved stand shirley shirley picked girls smiled saw nasty boys hurting kitten today thought brave brave laurie thought astonished afraid hurt girl nodded curtis mean animals
levine griffin secretary crisply looking round nodding sam sam davidson boy high school command levine griffin director high school held hand sam barely touched energetically withdrawn welcome mean howling shirt sam sam stretching actually place determine rest send power elite finished college course hand levine griffin frowned fiercely re shiftless silly term forevermore tiny niche lower levels society look awe envy boys graduate burr academy duncan headmaster secretary re going terrify child levine griffin laughed nonsense boy slovenly fragile young sam figuring fun wasn sure scowled maggie levine griffin secretary prepare quiz class duncan show master levine griffin humming tune note moved hallway humming suddenly stopped mouth grew wide jamming wall levine griffin barely missed run short stocky alarmingly quick youngster skidded stop front secretary desk
lot notes class sam asked tall carrot haired girl desk mean grade depend giving exactly tells think slender girl looked sam room room raising hand slowly letting drop slowly sam snapped looked shirt giggled sam sam davidson rebecca rebecca sam finished grinned matter rebecca lot notes matter mrs wolf bs knows grades won tell hundred graduates show honest god bring children meet ask big pain ass round black student deep hoarse voice interrupted mrs wolf fool brother expert fools mean thinks fool benefit brother living true listen brother show fool boy paused emphasis
haven fixed lock locker didn want chance leaving grades fall subject records radio re regardless say study period re studying asked major kelley jazz musician knew going school found alive playing sixty sixty subject project idea interested jazz play jazz lot butterfingers seventy eights sure break anymore father hear jazz coming room awful shrieks whines pounding pounding listen jazz stations sam heard major kelley records shows idea maybe school trumpet kind stays mind davidson took folded piece paper pocket
kicks stuff charley line pontiac station wagon karen asked cops sort thing throwing weight didn think necessarily true cop sitting inside air conditioned car standing sun sense arguing charley father ye olde rampages charley karen lately begun wonder actually chicken egg argument father set charley charley set father didn matter getting tired getting tired language didn bother swore happened bumped head father vocabulary wasn hearing heard charley words conversation beginning form idea didn care liked feel prude language feel cheap course reason charley friends months clock morning senior prom lovers
face felt funny tried put hand hand didn working raised put face felt strange cloth bandages hand wrist pulling face feeling wrist bandages face female voice re awake focused eyes hard dim light nurse white uniform standing looking smiling happened karen asked accident nurse re hospital re going god parents parents nurse talked remember karen feel nurse asked awful hurt wrong face cut nurse re going karen tried raise hand face nurse wouldn let move plugged re going leave arm side boyfriend told mother call moment woke nurse boyfriend charley nurse don worry nurse left side karen moved head going
fear fair maiden granger lowell hello uncle grange karen reason wanted cry honey asked scared scared don believe walk stuart granger lowell stay didn granger lowell want talk privately karen want intercept marjorie corridor wilton granger lowell pushing chair door closer bed sitting putting attache case lap took pad yellow legal sized lined paper ball point pen looked karen repeated thing understand karen moment relationship changed longer uncle grange longer sweet young thing love daughter moment woman girl woman deep trouble thing going sense hire hell lawyer yes sir karen accident called secretary house going send accident report
cities lights places trains run buses lumber cars hesitate crossings dark bones ancient timbers reluctant die house waiting die mother waiting die going die help father lionel train runs hill carefully keeping track lead straight town says going precisely night walks door smiling sadly forgets soon bear stay listen mother complaints afraid dark goes anyway carrying flashlight extra batteries pocket leaving car case emergency believe emergencies placate mother left stranded wants comforting knowledge nearby wheels engine wants escape lionel temporarily forced leave job city trains buses cars feel safe menacing forests night vacation spend don bother mother tells enjoy nods agreement abstracted telling truth deny confirm middleman taking middle stands looking safety halfway extremes
mother deirdre friends called deedee friends lapsed longer postcards saying dear deedee remember waves dodged st george island love mim mim joan alison fenton busy lives mother heard joan committed suicide sends christmas cards envelopes stamped addressee unknown anymore scrawled ball point pen sends cards anyway relentlessly envelopes address small leather book surface mottled spilt coffee medicine revised pays attention post office says let choose cards early cries swaying enthusiasm dressed ready town cards sold halloween decorating shops haul christmas boring death drag anticipation stretching longer longer feel hundred christmases december town poppy clock taking leftovers bowl covered plastic cap deirdre sits chair hall holding brown purse shoes neatly held tight knees trembling moans softly breath smells medicinal smell words hall
don haven told change call wish mother calls dear lionel calls sweetheart honey hon poppy calls resembling jean calls jean birth certificate written eugenie school mistake wrote eugenia form felt mine unspoken inside eve evadne evangeline matter cares call dear sweetheart jean deep inside discovered deep inside known summer left christmas expiring melted snow relieved hope pray happen christmas tree snow dreadful cards songwind spills lawn cut lawn memories tall grass masks movement lurks inside shadows spiders web broken wooden garden chairs drainpipe sun beats merciless snow mother suffers heat prostration puts bowl ice front fan stays bed languishing beneath sheet afraid slip body white lumpy want seen
mother duck ducks walk big mean pig met road told mother duck mean pig eat cans eat beans eat cars eat toys eat beds eat bugs mother duck bean car toy duck bite pigs mean pig ran mother duck ducks pond boy mother toy shop toys boy toys big toys mother big toys toys toy shop lot toys toys boys toys girls toys dogs boy dog boy big toys boy mother shopping toys boy liked big toys mother liked toys toy shop toys big boy toys big toys big toy duck big end fat fox brother big box
girl lots pots pots tops pots tops lots cakes pots pot ship fish pots girl pot fish pot fish girl pot home al home sal farm al fun farm sal run cow eat corn feed pigs sit lake al hate sit lakes sal al sit lake sal al fun pigs ron met pat rain ron wet pat wet ron fun pat fun ron wet feet home need rain pat fish fish gave ron fun wet fish girl let pet shop girl road girl pet shop girl pet shop need dog
late ate ham hill ate ate late run wish sand wish rake wish fish wish lake fat cat fun fat cat mom cat fun cat cat fun sand fish sat fat fish fish wow fish hate fat fish fish fat fish mom cow sat gate cow gate hot hate hot gates fish ate rock fish ate rock cow ate fish cow ate fish feel sick kick lick cat fish mad hit hug kiss eat nut sit cow sit cat cat eat nut sit cat eat ate nut fun feet
stoop moving fast sneakers slapping sidewalk packs kids raggedy skinny raced past gutter edge kicking empty beer cans ahead thought thing james faster big deal slowed stopped mouth alley took deep breath james shadow don need marched basement steps plunged clubroom hollis sonny sprawled sagging couch snapping fingers scratchy record major flexing arm muscles cracked mirror mop sink james trying read magazine dim light naked bulb looked hey happening alfred ready movies free night james money alfred major turned slowly let muscles relax alfred sonny hollis stopped snapping alfred mumbled alfred staring tips sneakers workin paid today major gave aunt alfred gave aunt mimicked major sweet boy uncle alfred sonny giggled hollis grinned buck toothed james looked
shook head hands aching face alfred re son try hard easy living someday someday re gonna move alfred began cry softly rose smoothed front cotton dress alfred tonight rest food bed eat paused door forced smile weakly waved slipped sleep noon awoke head felt clear pain arms legs eased biting carefully aching teeth ate bread cheese baloney left bed drank milk warm street sounds floated open window children yelling thud rubber ball pavement voices singing hey bay bee re re cars honking saturday strollers heard police siren knife street noise felt belly james jail burrowed deeper bed fault letting slip money cash register fault remembering burglar alarm nice bed soft safe thought major hollis street looking
poked alfred ribs turned sitting pointed door alfred twisted seat major standing doorway muscular hands clamped wide leather belt hollis grinning big teeth hanging lower lip alfred turned quickly neck began itch burn tried turn services metal chairs digging edges forced listen sermon blot picture major hollis devil agents wear uniforms trying days poisons say hate white say set places wanted say alfred let words wash devil agents look shaven skulls maybe big muscles pretty girl lynn march devil agent ask james james roll eyes comical say alfred devil agent gonna apply james jail maybe thinking put pray don beat bad morning services finally ended children turned tambourines upside took collection aunt pearl telling reverend enjoyed sermon sad miss afternoon teachings
news arrival spread kingdom brought prodigious numbers rich idle curious villages emptied neglect tillage household affairs ensued imperial majesty provided proclamations orders inconveniency directed beheld return home presume fifty yards house license court secretaries considerable fees mean emperor held frequent councils debate course assured friend person quality secret court difficulties concerning apprehended breaking loose diet expensive famine determined starve shoot face hands poisoned arrows soon dispatch considered stench large carcase produce plague metropolis spread kingdom midst consultations officers army door council chamber admitted gave account behaviour criminals mentioned favourable impression breast majesty board behalf imperial commission issued obliging villages hundred yards round city deliver morning forty sheep victuals sustenance quantity bread wine liquors due payment majesty gave assignments treasury
alleged high heels agreeable ancient constitution majesty hath determined low heels administration government offices gift crown observe majesty imperial heels lower court measure fourteenth part inch animosities parties run high eat drink talk compute tramecksan high heels exceed number power wholly side apprehend imperial highness heir crown tendency high heels plainly discover heels higher hobble gait midst intestine disquiets threatened invasion island blefuscu empire universe large powerful majesty heard affirm kingdoms states inhabited human creatures large philosophers doubt conjecture dropped moon stars hundred mortals bulk short destroy fruits cattle majesty dominions
ambassadors arrived court blefuscu sue peace majesty court flestrin false traitor aid abet comfort divert ambassadors knew servants prince lately open enemy imperial majesty open war majesty flestrin contrary duty faithful subject preparing voyage court empire blefuscu hath received verbal licence imperial majesty colour licence doth falsely intend voyage aid comfort abet emperor blefuscu late enemy open war imperial majesty aforesaid articles important read abstract debates impeachment confessed majesty gave marks lenity urging services endeavouring extenuate crimes treasurer admiral insisted put painful ignominious death setting fire house night general attend twenty thousand armed poisoned arrows shoot face hands servants private orders strew poisonous juice shirts sheets soon tear flesh die utmost torture
soon close lunch waiting charles demanded door charles yelled school boy grade tell teacher charles quiet charles stay school children stayed watch asked sat laurie climbing chair table hi pop dust mop charles stay school today told husband stayed charles look husband asked laurie bigger laurie boots wear jacket monday night parent teachers meeting fact baby cold going wanted passionately meet charles mother tuesday laurie remarked suddenly teacher friend school today charles mother husband asked simultaneously naaah laurie scornfully exercises touch toes look climbed chair squatted touched toes solemnly chair picking fork charles didn exercises fine didn charles want exercises
amazed julie father told laura room room matching desk bookcase draperies think loveliest thought making happy didn dream reassurances apologies reassurances finally convinced alicia course delighted room think outburst settled night quieter usual meal alicia father glanced thinking certainly chore aunt cordelia look girl age saw problem weeks smoothly morning downstairs house slippers walked breakfast nook hearing wasn recently married husband wife giving warm embrace wrong surprise sudden standing half embarrassed half irritated look struck full force excuse dear laughed poked bit fun romancing breakfast experience left strange feeling inside wasn jealousy certainly wasn trying stand number place alicia father
jerome woke truck going bridge stopping front yard gram lights house familiar face jerome gram walk road mrs simon night gram leave lights liked house smiling walked jack lantern aunt ruby porch gram expected john robert hugged father cried father uncle eddy brought bags house aunt ruby saw jerome standing edge light tired girls johnson room hope don mind mess jerome don turned led inside imprint jerome mind looked home gram ruby eddy girls living color walls floors furniture woodstove pictures appliances jerome feel odd expected remembered wasn real job ruby looks real father uncle eddy kitchen
didn guard sudden attack ago hurting wasn didn couldn properly believed stupid clumsy believed inside couldn reach hurting phonograph asked suddenly anna knew stop let turn light tiny flashlight help find wouldn hear surprise re lucky didn heart attack brother pulled hand crook elbow led talking book machine showing operate simple records slowly phonograph explained records rest book picked carefully put teach braille alphabet begins school help math held breath waited laughed cracked laugh sounded sob anna knew laughter bed stupid awkward anna
hundreds hundreds rising water surface saw lake swaying bodies heads shook horns tossing heads water gleamed moonlight dreams wolf felt blood run body clutched prairie grass crushing hot hands staring eyes drank vision eyes ears nose ears filled trampling snorting herd flash water moved hooves nose inhaled sharp moist smell beasts crowded smell wolves comes dropping wind wolf knew spirit wild whispered ear suddenly leaped feet cried cried flung arms head cried cry shiver passed herd beast buffaloes threw heads listened absolutely margin lake saw white light moon swift motions arms speak arms talk ripple muscles thrust fingers air
left glenayle week headed legendary canning stock route number dingo country terrified diggity pick poisoned baits set exterminate wild dogs put muzzle whined scratched disconsolate finally took area rougher crossed number called halt setting lovely infinitely extended bowl pastel blue haze carpeting desert crescent shaped hills floating bowl fire colored sand dunes lapping feet distance violet magical mountains soared desert heard mountains roar beckon giant lion phantom sound pit stomach longed journey mountains found heart number deserved surface water lay feet ground level reached bucket rope effort hernia water tasted foul cared night incredibly lovely camp cathedral foot silver ghost gums bordering built mattress fallen leaves scattered golden jangles firelight million directions camels forage eat evening rolled played white dust raising puffs cloud fat red sun turned bronze
heavy displeasure spake pallas athene god help thee thou art surely sore need odysseus afar stretch hands shameless wooers stand entering gate helmet shield lances twain mighty marked house drinking making merry ephyra ilus son mermerus thither odysseus swift ship seek deadly drug wherewithal smear bronze shod arrows ilus nowise give awe everliving gods father gave bare wondrous love odysseus strength consort wooers swift fate bitter wedlock things surely lie knees gods return vengeance halls charge thee counsel thou mayest thrust wooers hall mark heed words morrow call achaean lords assembly declare thy saying gods witness wooers bid scatter thy mother heart moved marriage let hall mighty father kinsfolk furnish wedding feast array gifts wooing exceeding daughter dearly beloved
telemachus going shore sea hands grey sea water prayed athene saying hear thou yesterday didst thy godhead house ship misty seas seek tidings return father purpose achaeans delay mainly wooers naughtiness pride spake prayer athene drew nigh likeness mentor fashion voice spake hailed winged words telemachus thou shalt craven witless thou hast drop thy father blood portion spirit fulfil word thy voyage vain unfulfilled thou art seed penelope hope thou wilt accomplish thy desire children truly father lo part worse sire thou shalt craven witless hath wisdom odysseus failed thee hope thine accomplishing wherefore heed counsel purpose senseless wooers wise aught death black fate close perish
wise telemachus answered saying wise methinks word accomplished hard saying thine awe comes hopes thing pass gods willed goddess grey eyed athene spake telemachus word hath escaped door thy lips lightly god bring safe home afar travail pain ere home saw returning straightway perish hearthstone agamemnon perished guile hands wife aegisthus lo death common gods avert love ruinous doom bring low death lays length wise telemachus answered saying mentor longer let tell things sorrowful assurance returning deathless gods devised death black fate question nestor ask matter knows judgments wisdom thrice say hath king generations yea immortal look nestor son neleus tell true died son atreus agamemnon wide domain
sea captain home west country tell dartmouth rode fashion farm horse wore gown coarse serge reaching knee arm carried dagger slung lanyard round neck hot summer tanned brown certainly bit lad lifted amount wine bordeaux merchants napping finer feelings fought upper hand threw prisoners overboard home water hull cartagena match seamanship calculating tides currents hazards knowledge harbours navigation moon shrewd hardy adventurer beard shaken storm knew harbour gottland cape finisterre inlet brittany spain ship magdalen doctor medicine accompanied touch matters medicine surgery grounded astronomy astrological knowledge enabled select favourable hour administer remedies patients skilled calculating propitious moment talismans clients diagnose kind disease say organ humours hot cold wet dry distemper arose
nights sleep stirs noble heart rousing slumber bidding arise pay homage season emily remember honour month picture clothed bright colours yellow hair falling braided tress yard wandering garden rising sun gather white scarlet flowers weave delicate garland head singing heavenly voice angel mighty tower thick strong principal castle knights subject tale shut adjoined garden wall emily amusing sun bright clear morning poor captive palamon risen usual leave jailer roaming upper room noble prospect city green branched garden emily radiant fresh walking captive palamon sadly paced fro chamber commiserating crying alas born happened chance fate glance fell emily window thickly fenced iron bars square massive stakes timber started cry sung heart
exchanged greeting salutation straightaway word preliminary helped arm amicably brothers lunged thrust strong sharp spears hours end fight thought palamon raging lion arcite relentless tiger mad fury wild boars frothing white foam fought blood ankles let leave fighting return theseus strong destiny paramount minister carries providence foreseen god events swears impossible sooner later brought pass thousand certainly passions wholly governed providence war peace hate love applies theseus eager chase especially hunt stag dawn found bed dressed ready ride huntsmen horn hounds delight hunting killing stag ruling passion god war huntress diana fine theseus gaily set hunting beautiful queen hippolyta emily dressed green riding royal array duke theseus held course directly nearby grove told stag
nancy distance ahead hurry girls miss train river heights active attractive titian haired young sleuth learned important eighteen girls continued frantic pace railroad station finally view station set packages rest arms whew bess sighed looking watch didn think minutes spare july hottest days nancy pensive contemplating encounter mysterious woman oriental perfume shop realized blue jade expensive unwillingness young woman part stimulated interest instinct told nancy special reason saleswoman reluctant sell blue jade idea struck aloud saleswoman deliberately raised price perfume george frowned think thrilled sale yes nancy agreed perplexes strange certainly nancy teased george dreaming mystery nancy blue eyes sparkled thought prospect young sleuth solved mysteries father carson drew famous criminal lawyer
feel joanne announced finished bring nancy softly help thank believe position joanne glanced anxiously clock late call afternoon tell address handed folded scrap newspaper nancy ad office girl caught eye asks experience farm nancy found advertisement conventional bottom paragraph held attention ad says riverside heights exclaimed stayed train stop thought riverside heights river heights place joanne byrd cried distressed surprise riverside heights miles nancy explained names confusing live natural mistake dear don joanne anxiously don apply position afternoon lose chance getting nancy liking girl wanted help joanne half sick lack food worked nervous
jo agreed merrily nancy friends started river heights nancy checked gas gauge decided stop filling station girls idly watching suddenly young woman walking mincing steps extremely high heels attracted nancy attention nancy gasped recognition mistaking distinctive oriental features clerk perfume shop nancy turned companions look girl crossed sold perfume bess mean tried sell perfume don bess joked yes girl eyes girl street glanced passed filling station continued nancy wondered car stood watching girl entered office building short distance farther street funny nancy friends peering car windows think place jo applied position don suppose perfume girl jobs george questioned sure find young detective answered attendant approached nancy paid stepped car try follow declared starting motor pulled office building young woman disappeared
mary smiled small income suffice sold furniture van saw don guess price mary turner thoughts judy edna able manage small income worry future re dressmakers fingers nimble needle tell truth nancy judy parents killed edna wondered able care judy properly decided try wouldn part won hearts completely nancy touched story knew minds turner sisters living costs higher advancing income lower unfortunately mary judy parents left money extremely bright judy going study music dancing college education afraid able give things nancy reassuringly judy able win scholarship financial aid mary finding nancy sympathetic listener continued cousin father named josiah crowley help passed couple months ago
plans morning nancy father asked breakfast table thought shopping replied eyes twinkled dance coming country club dress phone lunch eating rolsted comes nancy declared gaily drop office twelve thirty rolsted accept invitation try find josiah crowley wills drew pushed chair hurry late getting downtown father left nancy finished breakfast kitchen help hannah gruen left table errands nancy asked yes dear list housekeeper replied luck detective hannah gruen gazed girl affectionately thoughts raced mind school nancy popular friends fault enemies ada isabel topham worried hannah sisters intensely jealous nancy tried discredit positions held school loyal friends sprung nancy defense result ada isabel unpleasant nancy thanks encouragement hannah later giving hug
give judge find yes dad merchants trust company building selecting recently constructed highway nancy rode glancing occasionally neatly planted fields side rolling hills pretty commented nice scenery trouble nearly eleven clock finally drove masonville nancy judge hart office informed courthouse recalling father mentioned necessity papers delivered noon set search judge nancy considerable trouble trying twelve clock delivered manila envelope hands thank need directly lunch nancy smiled glad found judge hart learned nancy daughter carson drew insisted luncheon wife home returning river heights accepted invitation spent pleasant hour harts meal judge laughingly asked nancy playing aide father yes told drews interest crowley case josiah crowley hear asked harts nodded maid mrs crowley death judge explained
suddenly nancy attention directed dock sign language deaf finger spelling message ship hat pulled low distinguish face nancy watched fingers move quickly fascinated moment startled spell words nancy drew nancy learned entire finger alphabet forgotten letters spelled strange nancy thought mean bess george looking directions notice nancy trying figure rest message short pause started deciphering letters nancy pieced part sentence read eware nancy drew ne decipher part view obstructed nancy amateur sleuth looked deck find board signaling finger language noticed crowd rail blocked view curious solve puzzle nancy leaned rail turned gaze hoping glimpse spelling words warning felt feet slipping balance going tried steady fall ocean
bess george crossed room stood front nelda couple seconds george don nelda nancy amateur detective problem kind mystery re sure help solve matter difficult nelda looked bess took handkerchief wiped girl tear stained face stop crying begged suddenly nelda smiled re wonderful problem secret secret sure entrust course george assured promise nelda asked nodded affirmatively girl looked relieved showed threatening note told began story live johannesburg south africa jewelry store buy birthday gift stood counters looking diamond bracelets rings velvet pads paused moment asked display distance saleswoman getting saw put diamond bracelets rings pocket nelda bess cried stunned thought eyes played trick watched thing reflection glass display case hurried store knew jewelry
lou rose put tools spoke nancy lose key told stared amazement trunk nelda opened revealed part contents lou exclaimed clothes looked nancy quizzically masquerading part traveling theater group asked pointedly bess giggled girls frowned nancy merely smiled guess lou sure meant gave questions took arm escorted door opened thank handing guilders let trouble pushed corridor shut door locked girls laughing finally quiet george remarked surprise nancy think fellow overheard corridor moment knock door george walked opened heinrich cabin steward stood lou locksmith thought maybe needed help stepped inside don think george thanks offer tried usher stood stared open trunk boyfriend clothes nancy smirking george escorted corridor
immediately rescued twelve began shake shock icy water young friends crowded awe fright explaining hardys playing snap whip end player skinny mason flung ice okay skinny players asked guess frank whipped heavy leather jacket wrapped shivering lad th thanks skinny quavered looked gratefully joe added forget saved reply joe gave boy friendly pat shoulder greg put skating jacket dripping rescuer school older boy skated saying charge skinny moved youngster joe turned greg woodson place main school building dry clothes want hear rest story greg thought moment place caretaker cottage hour door open teevans reaching snow covered riverbank boys removed skates hurried patch woods teevan cottage low light shone inside greg predicted couple home opened door invited enter greg remarked teevans held open house wanted stop
works fine chet told run clear riverbank miss sourpuss sourpuss frank queried moving pretty guy skates crossed front turned inside avoid hitting chet pointed rudder bent position nerve bawl boy complained thought shake goatee ice greg started say wore goatee late thirties chet nodded greg henry kurt assistant headmaster telling fellows court appointed charge school looked absent minded professor headmaster chet remarked skating trying read piece paper flashlight watching going greg hardys looked thought mind kurt picked missing letter answering question hardys knew certainly try find later minutes conversation greg excused return academy saying boys morning sure thing agreed greg left frank let phantom racer chet started head bayport
understand father alumnus school frank replied concerned happens woodson academy naturally kurt remarked believe solve mystery took minutes greg woodson join young looked puzzled hardys greeted pleasantly frank spokesman explained boys mission kurt greg expressed amazement showed antagonism strange coincidence frank commented kurt fingered goatee nervously greg looked frank information dad called town frank asked joe help kurt jerked feet angry look face help young boys think delving criminal activities don lot detective kurt joe quickly father headmaster looked uncomfortable break tension greg frank joe quicker mystery solved kurt surveyed brothers icily finally flat tone suppose father thinks re capable handling affair important trust judgment dad knows kurt frank replied
mention word business varied responses think jobs individual merchants deal consumers thousands firms large small nation economy rightly broad inclusive term applied kinds enterprises business bulk employment goods services seek business consists profit seeking activities enterprises provide goods services economic system economic pulse nation means society standard living improves profits primary mechanism accomplishing goals accountants business define profit difference company revenues receipts expenses expenditures shown figure profits rewards received successful businesspeople risks involved business organizations serve customers survive run business concepts applied successful operation nonprofit enterprises businesses produce tangible products automobiles light bulbs aircraft provide services insurance car rentals lodging coca cola company classic business succeeded satisfying needs public pursuit profit began downtown atlanta drugstore coca cola sold cents glass soda fountain promoted atlanta journal popular soda fountain drink properties wonderful coca plant famous cola nuts say coca cola mistake
unions corporations proposed higher trade barriers imported goods barriers form import quotas restrict number japanese cars imported united states united auto workers called local content law require foreign auto makers manufacture large percentage vehicles vehicle parts united states proposal discussed detail chapter opposed auto makers intend advantage foreign labor build cheaper automobiles auto makers expect imported components comprise percent car produce percent hard hit steel industry similar protectionist demands hundred mills permanently closed imports command record percent domestic steel market remaining steel mills operating percent capacity american steel industry asked protection imports fear provoke trade war nations retaliate similar restrictions services intangible tasks satisfy business consumer needs service sector american economy expanded manufacturing sector experienced problems growth offset decline manufacturing jobs problems production skills directly transferable higher paid service industry jobs addition service oriented employment low paid rate service industry growth outpace sector economy service sector expected grow percent annually compared percent manufacturing sector
edith weiner president weiner edrich brown consulting firm trend analysis strategic planning coauthor supermanaging harness change personal organizational success standing crowd age weiner youngest female director elected board major financial institution age took board seat director company history pregnant according weiner union mutual insurance company portland maine handled pregnancy weiner recalls adjusting informed colin hampton union mutual president chief executive officer pregnant weiner face absolutely white asked pregnancy mean leave board told understand attitudes changed child explained planned miss meetings birth delighted think relieved wouldn explain choice board member didn union mutual managers adjusted president sight pregnant board member months pregnant gained pounds recalled weiner happened sit company manager flight york portland asked going visit family pregnant woman going
growing number organizations utilized approach adjusting existing structures changing requirements areas research development product development form matrix organization project management organization structure specialists parts organization brought specific projects committee form matrix organization typically subform line staff structure matrix organization built specific projects problems employees areas expertise gathered focus specific major problems unique technical issues identifying feature organizations members organization report superiors type organization organizations dow chemical chase manhattan bank procter gamble lockheed aircraft harvard business school matrix form received wide publicity national aeronautics space administration project structure mount mercury apollo space missions lockheed turned approach awarded dollar contract build huge military transports lockheed temporarily assigned employees project parts suppliers complete project figure matrix organization produces combination dual authority project members receive instructions project manager horizontal authority maintain membership permanent functional departments vertical authority order reduce potential problems bosses project manager typically granted considerable authority project reports general manager
elizabeth carlson able return continental illinois national bank trust bank changed policy allowed flexible schedule mrs carlson begin leave hours compatible message owen johnson jr continental bank vice president corporate personnel services continental joined growing number corporations recognized accommodate special needs managers mothers offering flexible working hours part employment employer sponsored child care home arrangements extended maternity leaves continental special arrangements bankwide policy left discretion individual managers proven strong performers special scheduling needs job position continental carlson able influence bank policy special arrangement received carlson managers determine working hours units full hours week managers arrange totally flexible working hours partially flexible hours require present core period continental makes part opportunities professional clerical personnel opportunities increased computerization carlson personnel department programmers part bank computer terminals homes started working home maternity leave liked continued involved extremely satisfied results
job training recorded history management development programs established programs designed improve skills present managers broaden knowledge provide training employees management potential management development programs include formal courses study conducted company premises general motors texaco established collegelike institutes offer specific programs current potential managers managers mcdonald corporation required complete intensive week program hamburger university mcdonald training facility chicago suburb forms management development programs job rotation coaching job rotation temporary assignments departments familiarizes junior executives operations firm contributions department coaching involves junior executive working directly senior executive type management development programs vary levels management programs supervisory level managers likely emphasize basic technical human skills middle management development programs likely focus human conceptual skills analytical abilities management development programs top management personnel tend oriented conceptual skills strategy method training managers identifying employees management potential assessment center traces roots shadowy war ii espionage office strategic services forerunner central intelligence agency technique screen select undercover agents assessment centers business firms identify employees management potential typical assessment center actually program place
imagine sales meeting client client tells pleased products plans recommend larger purchase sense wrong voice high pitched rapid eyes avert focusing ballpoint pen nervously clicking desk week meeting sends note telling entire deal disappointed surprised understood nonverbal messages sending meeting according albert mehrabian leading authority nonverbal communication emotional messages communicated words tell feel facial expressions eye leg hand torso movements communicate pitch loudness cadence voice distance maintain conversation clothing nonverbal communication tell saying uttering word importance business communication obvious ways nonverbal messages business meetings eyes mirror soul averting gaze tell getting message negative going choose stare directly meeting participant person extremely anxious midst argument harder stare menacing gestures include position movement hands feet arms legs torso shoulders communicate variety nonverbal messages
skimming price strategy involves setting price product high compared similar goods gradually lowering strategy market segmented price basis buy product priced say larger group buy larger group buy skimming strategy effectively products color televisions pocket calculators home computers videocassette recorders skimming strategy firm recover cost rapidly maximizing revenue receives disadvantage early profits tend attract competition puts eventual pressure prices ball point pens sell product introduced war ii sold strategy penetration price strategy involves pricing product low compared similar goods hope secure wide market acceptance allow company raise price soaps toothpastes introduced penetration pricing discourages competition low profits firm expects competition similar products short large scale production marketing produce substantial reductions costs price lining seller offers merchandise limited number prices individual prices item instance boutique offer lines women sportswear priced price lining common marketing practice retailers original ten cent stores early
promotional strategy objectives vary organizations promotion expand markets hold current positions present corporate viewpoint public issue promotional strategies reach selected markets ronald reagan presidential campaign advertisements chinese language newspapers reach group voters organization multiple promotional objectives sources identify specific promotional objectives goals providing information increasing sales positioning product stabilizing sales early days promotional campaigns short supply items advertisements designed inform public product availability criers public announcements cargo carried vessels newly arrived local ports general stores frontier nation advancing westward inserted advertisements weekly newspapers advertisements essentially listed contents latest shipment east today major portion advertising united states informational large section daily newspapers wednesdays thursdays consists advertising tells consumers products featured stores prices shopping health insurance advertisements sunday newspaper supplements emphasize information rising hospital costs industrial salespeople buyers aware latest technological advances field providing information product availability prices details primary importance marketing promotional strategy marketers realize nearly promotional messages educational role promotional strategy position product markets positioning strategy concentrating specific market segments broad appeal requires marketer identify market segments likely users product
public accountant accounting services individuals business firms fee services include preparation tax statements independent audits examinations financial records management consulting assistance filing securities registration papers loan applications accounting systems design employees firm providing services public accountants position provide honest unbiased advice firm financial condition approximately public accounting firms exist united states small person operations public accounting firms extremely large provide wide range services clients largest firms called big include arthur anderson company arthur young company coopers lybrand ernst whinney deloitte haskins sells peat marwick mitchell company price waterhouse touche ross company approximately companies listed york american stock exchanges percent clients big accountant employed government nonprofit organization business public accounting firm called private management accountant private accountants responsible collecting recording financial transactions preparing financial statements firm managers decision making addition preparing financial statements private accountants play major role interpreting private accountants titles cost accountant financial analyst managerial accountant internal auditor tax accountant nation accountants certified public accountants certified public accountant cpa proven skills meeting requirements education experience successfully completed number rigorous tests accounting theory practice auditing law
mutual savings bank virtually identical savings loan association referred collectively thrifts origins traced early boston philadelphia established provide interest savings accounts early banks provide accounts mutual savings banks designed meet savings borrowing needs individual households early missions suggested names emigrant savings bank dime savings bank seamans bank savings approximately mutual savings banks concentrated york england operate ls offering accounts savings accounts making home mortgage loans faced similar competitive pressures ls permitted consumer business loans implies mutual savings banks organized cooperatives profits distributed depositors nation credit unions serve sources consumer loans competitive rates members credit union actually form savings cooperative typically sponsored company union professional religious group credit union pays interest member depositors credit unions tend small assets million exist claim total million members credit unions today outstanding loans billion credit unions traditionally concentrated short term consumer loans savings deposits operating flexibility increased result deregulation mentioned earlier offer interest bearing checking account called share draft account term mortgage loans
bank customer canada luxury depositing money bank branch withdrawing branch located distant corner country united states banking system fragmented nations fact commercial banks branches pepper mcfadden act passed prohibits banks offices specifically authorized law requires banks adhere branch banking laws states laws prohibit statewide branch banking states branches permitted city bank california headquartered san francisco continued operate branches california oregon washington interstate operations effect prior passages act interstate banking individual states invite banks set branches largest banks strongly support interstate banking smaller banks bitterly oppose change fear nation largest banks york citibank chase manhattan manufacturers hanover trust california bank america quickly seize control entire banking industry eliminate small local competition fear large banks show interest small communities local business individual borrowers concentrate holdings large cities support end interstate banking restrictions risk diminished competition individualized service fact argue increase competition permitting commercial banks number nonbank institutions firms american express merrill lynch subject legal restrictions banks offer equivalent checking savings accounts services nationwide scale
northeastern pharmaceutical chemical company manufactured antiseptic hexachlorophene verona missouri missouri town times beach hexachlorophene market collapsed company hired independent petrochemical corporation st louis dispose wastes included unknown amounts dioxin lethal chemical known independent hauler ironic russell bliss sprayed wastes dirt roads horse stable floors rural missouri reduce dust soon bliss job complete residents sprayed areas began notice unusually large number horses rodents birds dying horses suffered weight loss hair loss skin lesions intestinal colic addition fell ill federal center disease called investigate illnesses dismay investigators found dioxin concentrations high parts billion part billion poses health threat findings contamination times beach surface nearby meramec river flooded town called help flood victims federal agents tested soil samples sure area safe found forced urge town residents return homes left residents looked federal governments industry help liability northeastern pharmaceutical chemical company independent petrochemical corporation decided court federal government stepped aid times beach residents environmental protection agency announced federal government purchase homes businesses times beach million buyout federal purchase polluted city history
nontraditional students primary disadvantages seek career opportunities business unfamiliarity fields attempting acquire skills burden responsibilities steel worker seeking computer analyst adopt set behaviors switch difficult older students going college part weekends evening exhausting nontraditional students juggle responsibilities school maintaining household attend spouse children studying accomplished odd times meals coffee breaks commuting late night rest family sleeps nontraditional students extremely important advantage experience alien field technologically displaced workers returning students businesses operate displaced homemakers human relations skills managing household previous civic activities veterans describe organizational foul ups hour nontraditional students need inventory personal experiences list column sheet paper column try relate activities business careers analysis point individual strengths weaknesses weaknesses remedied courses local college strengths featured person resume traditional students older students need look employment trends organize job search topics explored sections college students need general employment trends
initial interview satisfactory invited interview figure asked battery intelligence aptitude tests students tests plenty practice college company knows lot placement file resume initial interview lot company primary purpose interview determine effectively potential superior peers create positive impression later interview offered job decision accept offer depend closeness match career opportunities career objectives appears match beginning entry level job decision career plan learn job responsibilities quickly start looking ways improve performance company remember promotion corner sure miss opportunity lifelong career development plan women account nearly percent labor force figure rise slowly steadily approach number employed women increased substantially women opening doors executive suites women traditionally entered careers teaching nursing secretarial positions truly oriented careers selected societal family pressure poor career advice outright bias fields
human behavior fascinated human beings surprised psychologists intrigued mysteries behavior effort answer questions posed try satisfy curiosity behavior spare casual observations psychologists study behavior lifework psychology defined scientific approach study behavior science brings carefully controlled methods observation survey experiment bear subject matter psychologists interested primarily human behavior focus research behavior animals ranging rats pigeons flatworms gorillas psychologists believe research findings animals generalized humans argue distinct animals learn studying controversies views hold truth instance laboratory studies nerve cells animals squid insight workings nerve cells chapter studying understand purely human inventions morality values romantic love psychologists study behavior lower animals simply enjoy obligation justify interests basis generalizability psychologists generally agree psychology science behavior agree behavior
psychologists agree preferred method answering research questions alcohol aggression experimental method experiment group participants receives treatment dosage alcohol participants subjects observed carefully determine treatment makes difference behavior experiments contemporary psychological research allow psychologists directly control experiences animals effort determine results treatment experiments undertaken test hypothesis assumption behavior derived theory psychologist assumes alcohol leads aggression reducing fear consequences generally energizing activity levels drinkers hypothesizes treatment drinking alcohol lead measurable increases aggression provoked individuals experiment determine alcohol aggression experimental subjects quantity alcohol effects measured alcohol considered independent variable variable presence manipulated experimenters effects determined independent variable alcohol administered levels doses quantity sufficient intoxication measured results outcomes experiment called dependent variables presence presumably depends independent variables experiment determine alcohol influences aggression aggressive behavior dependent variable dependent variables interest experiment effects alcohol include sexual arousal chapter visual motor coordination performance intellectual tasks defining words numerical computations
human brain universe questions conceive mysterious intriguing precisely works tracing elusive answers intricate corridors consciousness perception scientists awarded nobel prizes pioneering research differing functions brain cerebral hemispheres roger sperry california institute technology won half prize half divided david hubel torsten wiesel professors neurology discovering images transferred eye retina brain sperry research carried decades forms theoretical basis modern research brain processes information previously thought hemisphere brain dominant minor lacked capacity higher mental functions working test animals sperry surgically severed corpus callosum discovered animals perform learned tasks stimulated solely hemisphere hemisphere taught perform similar tasks demonstrating hemisphere independently contained ability learn sperry studied epileptics undergone similar surgery control seizures surprisingly patients suffered obvious mental capacity sperry test procedures proved cerebral hemisphere patients separate consciousness perceptual existence emotions thoughts memory subsequent research hemisphere inferior left thought proved clearly superior respects including capacity intuitive thinking interpreting auditory impressions comprehending spatial relationships
ernest hartmann tufts university compared slept hours night sleepers slept hours short sleepers found short sleepers tended happy lucky spent ruminating energetic active satisfied sleepers concerned personal achievement social tended creative thoughtful anxious depressed hartmann found general tend need sleep periods change stress change jobs increase load episode depression sleep helps recover stresses hartmann found sleepers spend proportionately rem sleep short sleepers subtracting amount rem sleep experienced types sleepers dramatically closed gap rem sleep partially responsible restorative function rem sleep spent dreaming speculated dreams promote recovery happen miss sleep night nights cut say normal ten hours half anecdotal research evidence offers suggestions disc jockey peter tripp remained awake days end episode paranoid psychological tests dement randy gardner remained awake consecutive hours days show psychological disturbance levitt
nearly million americans spent billion smoke marijuana regularly million tried drug reason marijuana widely illegal substance tenacious belief occasional joints harm february institute medicine national academy sciences chaired arnold relman editor prestigious england journal medicine issued awaited page report marijuana effects based analysis research studies institute concluded widespread drug justifies national concern month study academy admit insufficient research conclude marijuana irreversible term damage mental functioning physical health excerpts committee report marijuana clearly established acute effects mental functions behavior severity directly related dose marijuana impairs motor coordination affects tracking ability perceptual functions important safe driving operation machines impairs short term memory slows learning acute effects include euphoreia mood disturbing mental phenomena periods anxiety confusion psychosis term effects marijuana human brain human behavior remain defined evidence permanently harmful effect normal cardiovascular system occurs evidence show marijuana increases heart raising heart rate persons raising blood pressure
mystery neighborhood columbia university york city stray cats disappearing streets alleyways turned brought quarters doctoral student edward thorndike subjects experiments learning trial error thorndike cats called puzzle boxes animals managed pull string cage latch open allowing cat escape box reach bowl food puzzle box cat try squeeze opening claw bite confining bars wire claw feature reach inside box cat pay attention food random trial error behavior minutes cat chance response pulling string pulling string effect opening cage allowing cat reach food later replaced cage cat nearly minutes happen pulling string response release animal trials proceeded cat pull string trials pull string seconds box thorndike explained cat learning pull string terms law effect according law situation puzzle box response pulling string stamped strengthened reward escaping box eating
theoretical disagreements nature intelligence thousands intelligence tests administered psychologists educators results tests vital decisions academic careers discuss reliability validity intelligence tests discuss number individual group intelligence tests intelligence thought stable trait change week week test measures intelligence yeild consistent stable results consistency means measurement known reliability psychologists statistical techniques especially correlation coefficient study reliability tests correlation coefficients statistcs explored appendix let note correlation coefficient number strongly things height weight taxes government spending related correlation coefficients vary perfect negative correlation perfect positive correlation order intelligence test considered reliable correlations group test results separate occasions positive high ways showing test reliability test related reliability shown comparing scores tests occasions measurement test reliability confused fact improve scores occasion increasing familiarity testing procedure test items split half reliability results half items test correlated scores half alternate form reliability scores form test correlated scores form test course shown forms test comparable
team psychologists mustered statistical evidence show term contracts hustle professional baseball players multiyear contracts commonplace federal arbitration panel ruled players longer bound indefinitely teams originally signed decision advantageous owners tie stars richard brian psychologists hofstra university studied ruling affected players performance researchers examined records pitchers signed contracts comparing play randomly chosen pitchers signed season contracts period contracts renewed players eventually won term berths improved steadily average earned runs scored game signing term agreements earned run averages eras climbed average later pitchers contracts showed consistent pattern researchers recommend owners combine base salary incentive payments achieving goals era batting average negotiated performance targets say allow equitable rewards productive seasons players findings published baltimore orioles ace pitcher jim palmer provided independent support consclusion york times interview term contract palmer noted salary depended pitch threw relaxed took granted hard players kind intensity signing multiyear contract players making lot money
summerlike october elaine husband dennis rush jobs usual elaine buyer york department store arranging dresses chicago manufacturer arrive spring line drama unfolding body hormones causing follicle egg container ovaries rupture release ovum ovulation elaine capable pregnant released ovum begin slow journey inch fallopian tube uterus tube dennis sperm cells unite couples elaine dennis love previous night unlike couples timing methodology purposeful elaine gynecologist tracking consistency vaginal mucus viscometer instrument office viscometer predicted mucus thinnest midnight mucus thinnest sperm cells sex chromosomes likely arrive fallopian tubes sperm sex chromosomes sperm sex chromosome unites ovum sex chromosomes woman conceive boy past dennis sperm sex chromosome resulted elaine conceiving daughters elaine dennis love ejaculated hundreds millions sperm equal numbers sex chromosomes conception thousand survived journey fallopian tubes
united states war ii pacific meant island hopping bloody miniature war island nearing japanese home islands american marines landed hostile sands drew enemy fire gained difficult beachheads gradully cleared islands enemy war wars chose contribution medical corps follow battles try minimize human wreckage add young medical corpsman strongly opposed bloodshed stuck night beachhead soldiers struggled night prevent swept ocean enemy fire raged shells burst light illuminating corpses embattled alike air punctured crack enemy bullets whistling whacking sand flesh dead thuds promised air naval support failed arrive soldiers cursed commanders navy island human species resentments combined fear medical corpsman level arousal grew perceptions memories clouded unreal later recalled required unload ammunition tend sick wounded recalled superior officer screaming profanities memory night handing automatic rifle awoke field hospital plagued jumpiness anxiety vicious headaches physical ailments found condition worsened finally stateside referred treatment mount zion veterans rehabilitation clinic san francisco treated psychoanalyst named erik erikson
yes thing ill think marrying ms finding prestigious job moving home quitting smoking winning lottery propel bliss events lead headaches high blood pressure asthma pleasant involve significant according thomas holmes richard rahe university washington stress stress concept borrowed physics physics stress defined pressure force exerted body crushing tons rock earth smashing car stretching rubber band types physical stress psychological forces stresses press push pull feel crushed weight major decision feel smashed stretched point snapping psychology stress demand organism adapt cope adjust stress alert occupied sensory deprivation experiments show absence stimulation unpleasant invent hallucinating functions moderate levels stress call healthy tension stress intense prolonged overtax adjustive capacity lead physical psychological harm chapter explore sources stress pain discomfort anxiety frustration conflict type behavior stress lead physiological problems hans selye calls diseases adaptation
experiment biofeedback sirota colleagues trained women aged slow heart rates voluntarily women reported painful electric shock stressful biofeedback experiment gatchel proctor showed college students learned slow heart rates reduced speech anxiety meditation focus cognitive components stress reaction biofeedback directed functions heart rate muscle tension progressive relaxation focuses muscle tension instructions slow breathing develop mental imagery instance feelings heaviness limbs promote responses incompatible alarm reaction diaphragmatic breathing focuses respiration rate methods achieve similar effects combination lowered arousal cognitions efficacy internal locus control edmund jacobson university chicago noted tense muscles stress unaware reasoned learn relax tensions lower stress experienced asked clients focus relaxing muscles idea jacobson developed method progressive relaxation teach relax tensions method purposefully tense muscle group relaxing sequence develop awareness muscle tensions differentiate feelings tension relaxation method progressive progress muscle group beginnings progressive relaxation undergone development behavior therapists joseph wolpe eastern pennsylvania psychiataric institute wolpe lazarus
psychologists independent bunch surprising find definitions attitudes view attitudes primarily cognitive evaluations consider attitudes feelings evaluative cognitive component define attitudes terms cognitive emotional behavioral components enduring systems beliefs feelings behavioral tendencies concerning groups religion politics attitudes change tend remain stable shoved change religion political affiliation deliberation definition implies behavior consistent beliefs feelings free wish social psychologists found relationships attitudes behavior complex bagozzi bentler speckart borgida campbell candy stretch reluctant express attitudes turn influenced behave ways inconsistent beliefs behavior termed attitude behavior case patty hearst attitude behavior actually change beliefs bem finally section explore nature troublesome type attitude prejudice born republican democrat born catholic jew parents practied religions political religious attitudes learned conditioning play role acquisition attitudes instance children enjoy slim hamburgers slimmer french fries acquire positive attitude emblem american architecture mcdonald golden arches
science works wonders homely ways alexander fleming saw mold growing dish penicillin benjamin franklin flew kite thunderstorm demonstrated lightning electricity professor bibb latane listened bunch college kids hollering clapping decided uncovered root america slowing productivity social loafing dr latane professor psychology ohio university author study won psychological prize american association advancement science study conclusion tend slack loaf group working dr latane concludes diffusion responsibility groups person feels responsibility help present latest experimentation latane colleagues researchers organized buckeye student volunteers groups varying sizes asked clap shout loud tests students wore blindfolds headphones headphones transmitted taped sounds yelling clapping students couldn judge sound output subjects researchers measured volume generated students groups experiment students told headphones shout pairs fact shouted trials told shout experiments researchers found subjects group believed consistently noise person shouted clapped
relationship intelligence educational achievement cigarette smoking lung cancer human beings introversion frequency dating college students run experiments determine relationships variables causal manipulate independent variable randomly assign group cigarette smoking group nonsmoking permitted choices factors lead choose smoke lead lung cancer correlation coefficient show relationship smoking cancer strong correlation shown variables add supportive experimental evidence laboratory animals assigned conditions inhale tobacco smoke wind convincing indictment smoking determinant lung cancer correlation coefficient statistic describes relationship variables varies correlation coefficient called perfect positive correlation coefficient perfect negative correlation coefficient shows correlation variables order examine meanings correlation coefficients let discuss scatter diagram scatter diagram scatter plot graphic representation relationship variables shown figure scatter diagaram typically drawn axis horizontal axis vertical let assume thermometers measures temperature according fahrenheit scale measures temperature according centigrade scale period months record temperatures fahrenheit centigrade times
tall slim girl half past sixteen gray eyes hair friends called auburn sat broad red sandstone doorstep prince edward island farmhouse ripe afternoon august firmly resolved construe lines virgil august afternoon blue hazes scarfing harvest slopes winds whispering elfishly poplars dancing splendour red poppies outflaming dark coppice young firs corner cherry orchard fitter dreams dead languages virgil soon slipped unheeded ground anne chin propped clasped hands eyes splendid mass fluffy clouds heaping harrison house white mountain delicious schoolteacher wonderful shaping destinies future statesmen inspiring youthful minds hearts high lofty ambitions sure harsh facts confessed anne seldom likely promising material celebrities avonlea school tell happen teacher influence anne rose tinted ideals teacher accomplish midst delightful scene forty famous personage exactly famous left convenient haziness anne thought nice college president canadian premier bowing low wrinkled hand assuring kindled ambition success due lessons instilled ago avonlea school
anne drove carmody shopping expedition afternoon took diana barry diana course pledged member improvement society girls talked carmody thing started hall painted diana drove past avonlea hall shabby building set wooded hollow spruce trees hooding sides disgraceful looking place attend try levi boulter pull house father says succeed levi boulter mean spend let boys promise haul boards split kindling wood anne hopefully content slowly expect improve educate public sentiment course diana wasn exactly sure educating public sentiment meant sounded fine felt proud going belong society aim view thought night anne cornered piece ground roads carmody newbridge white sands meet grown young spruce wouldn nice cleared leave birch trees splendid agreed anne gaily rustic seat put birches
evening sunset jane andrews gilbert blythe anne shirley lingering fence shadow gently swaying spruce boughs wood cut known birch path joined main road jane spend afternoon anne walked part home fence met gilbert talking fateful morrow morrow september schools open jane newbridge gilbert white sands advantage sighed anne re going teach children don teach schoolmates mrs lynde says afraid won respect stranger cross don believe teacher cross responsibility guess jane comfortably jane troubled aspirations influence meant earn salary fairly trustees school inspector roll honor ambitions jane main thing order teacher cross pupils won tell punish give whipping course jane wouldn cried anne shocked jane couldn deserved jane decidedly whip child anne equal decision don believe
davy method livening grasp dora curls fingers give tug dora shrieked cried naughty boy poor mother laid grave demanded marilla despairingly glad die davy confidentially told awful tired sick talk night died told going dora winter boy going running round sitting kind dora stand going call pulling hair kind going let pull davy doubling fists frowning try didn hurt cried girl glad boy sorry twin jimmy sister conterdicks says oldern course settles tell dora goes thinking diffrunt let drive gee gee spell altogether marilla thankful woman drove yard wind autumn night dancing brown leaves anne gate meet lift twins dora submitted calmly kissed davy responded anne welcome hearty hugs cheerful announcement davy keith
nuisance rachel lynde today pestering subscription buying carpet vestry room harrison wrathfully detest woman put sermon text comment application words throw brick anne perched edge veranda enjoying charm mild west wind blowing newly ploughed field gray november twilight piping quaint melody twisted firs garden turned dreamy face shoulder trouble mrs lynde don understand explained wrong don didn mrs lynde soon understand learned mrs lynde acquired taste folks didn eating bananas told learn growled harrison understanding understand confirmed busybody told hurt feelings anne reproachfully say thing dreadful things mrs lynde ago lost temper couldn say deliberately truth believe telling truth don tell truth objected anne tell disagreeable part truth told dozen times hair red told nice nose
didn wrong tell whoppers sobbed expect wrong children told regular cross hearts pose paul irving tells whoppers trying awful hard pose love think told wrong awful sorry cry anne tell whopper davy buried face anne shoulder cried stormily anne sudden glad flash understanding held tight looked curly thatch marilla didn wrong tell falsehoods marilla think forgive part promise say true bad asseverated davy sobs catch telling whopper davy groped mentally suitable penance skin alive anne don say whopper davy say falsehood queried davy settling comfortably looking tear stained investigating face whopper falsehood want big word slang wrong boys slang awful lot things wrong davy sigh posed sorry wrong tell whop falsehoods awful handy going tell anymore going telling
anne walking home postoffice friday evening joined mrs lynde usual cumbered cares church timothy cotton alice louise help days week slow stop quick sick timothy sitting coughing complaining dying ten dying ten kind die stick sick finish re terrible shiftless family don providence mrs lynde sighed doubted extent providential knowledge subject marilla eyes tuesday wasn specialist think continued pleased anne brightly says improvement thinks danger losing sight completely past says able read fine hand preparations bazaar coming ladies aid society preparing fair supper mrs lynde head front enterprise pretty reminds mrs allan thinks nice fix booth kitchen serve supper baked beans doughnuts pie re collecting fashioned fixings
anne locked schoolhouse door yellow evening winds purring spruces playground shadows lazy edge woods dropped key pocket sigh satisfaction school ended reengaged expressions satisfaction harmon andrews told strap oftener delightful months earned vacation beckoned invitingly anne felt peace walked hill basket flowers hand earliest mayflowers anne missed weekly pilgrimage matthew grave avonlea marilla forgotten quiet shy unimportant matthew cuthbert memory green anne heart forget kind give love sympathy starved childhood craved foot hill boy sitting fence shadow spruces boy big dreamy eyes beautiful sensitive face swung joined anne smiling traces tears cheeks thought wait teacher knew going graveyard slipping hand going taking bouquet geraniums put grandpa irving grave grandma look teacher going put bunch white roses grandpa grave memory mother grave put don think
dora proudly shelled peas davy boats pods masts matches sails paper anne told marilla wonderful contents letter marilla think letter priscilla says mrs morgan island fine thursday going drive avonlea reach twelve spend afternoon hotel white sands evening mrs morgan american friends staying marilla wonderful believe dreaming daresay mrs morgan lot marilla drily feel trifle excited mrs morgan famous woman visit commonplace occurrence dinner yes marilla cook bit dinner want feel author rosebud garden cook dinner won mind goodness fond stewing hot fire july vex re welcome job thank anne marilla conferred tremendous favor menu night try put style warned marilla alarmed high flown sound menu likely grief
twilight anne sauntered bubble saw gilbert blythe coming dusky haunted wood sudden realization gilbert schoolboy longer manly looked tall frank faced fellow clear straightforward eyes broad shoulders anne thought gilbert handsome lad didn look ideal diana ago decided kind admired tastes exactly similar tall distinguished looking melancholy inscrutable eyes melting sympathetic voice melancholy inscrutable gilbert physiognomy course didn matter friendship gilbert stretched ferns bubble looked approvingly anne gilbert asked describe ideal woman description answered point point anne tiny freckles obnoxious presence continued vex soul gilbert boy boy dreams gilbert future girl big limpid gray eyes face fine delicate flower mind future worthy goddess quiet avonlea temptations met faced white sands youth fast set gilbert popular meant worthy anne friendship distant love watched word thought deed jealously clear eyes pass judgment
house low structure built undressed blocks red island sandstone peaked roof peered dormer windows quaint wooden hoods chimneys house covered luxuriant growth ivy finding easy foothold rough stonework turned autumn frosts beautiful bronze wine red tints house oblong garden lane gate girls standing opened house bounded side enclosed stone dyke overgrown moss grass ferns looked high green bank left tall dark spruces spread palm branches meadow green clover aftermath sloping blue loop grafton river house clearing sight hills valleys covered feather young firs wonder sort person miss lewis speculated diana opened gate garden say peculiar interesting anne decidedly peculiar didn tell enchanted place knew elves woven magic lane miss lavendar lewis spellbound princess laughed diana maid forty gray heard part spell asserted anne confidently heart young beautiful knew unloose spell step radiant fair
tea stone house lavendar lewis marilla breakfast table morning fifteen saw sunday grafton church suppose changed deal davy keith want reach ask passed don spread table fashion paul irving meals paul arms longer mine grumbled davy eleven grow mine sides ask anne busy talking didn pay tention sides paul meal tea easier tea breakfast half hungry awful supper breakfast anne spoonful bigger bigger course don miss lavendar look don fancy changed deal anne helped davy maple syrup giving spoonfuls pacify hair snow white face fresh girlish sweetest brown eyes pretty shade wood brown golden glints voice makes think white satin tinkling water fairy bells mixed reckoned beauty girl marilla knew liked
school triumphant semi annual examination held anne pupils acquitted splendidly close gave address writing desk girls ladies present cried boys cast later cried denied mrs harmon andrews mrs peter sloane mrs william bell walked home talked things think pity anne leaving children attached sighed mrs peter sloane habit sighing finished jokes sure added hastily teacher jane duty doubt mrs andrew stiffly don suppose tell children fairy tales spend roaming woods inspector roll honor newbridge terrible leaving real glad anne going college mrs bell wanted splendid thing don mrs andrews determined agree fully don anne needs education marrying gilbert blythe infatuation lasts till college latin greek taught college manage sense going
romance fallen share middle aged lovers stone house anne stumbled suddenly evening orchard slope wood cut barry garden diana barry fred wright standing big willow diana leaning gray trunk lashes cast crimson cheeks held fred stood face bent stammering low earnest tones magic moment saw anne dazed glance comprehension turned sped noiselessly spruce wood stopping till gained gable room sat breathlessly window tried collect scattered wits diana fred love gasped hopelessly grown anne late suspicions diana proving false melancholy byronic hero early dreams things seen mightier things heard suspected realization actually shock perfect surprise succeeded queer lonely feeling diana forward shutting gate leaving anne things changing fast frightens anne thought sadly afraid help making difference diana
charlotta fourth certainly borrowed leaf miss eliza andrew book rain looking meant noon rooms decorated table beautifully laid upstairs waiting bride adorned husband look sweet anne rapturously lovely echoed diana ready miss shirley ma dreadful happened charlotta cheerful statement betook room dress braids resultant rampant crinkliness plaited tails tied bows brand ribbon brightly blue upper bows gave impression overgrown wings sprouting charlotta neck fashion cherubs charlotta fourth thought beautiful rustled white dress stiffly starched stand surveyed glass satisfaction satisfaction lasted hall caught glimpse spare room tall girl softly clinging gown pinning white star flowers smooth ripples ruddy hair able look miss shirley thought poor charlotta despairingly born guess don amount practice give air clock guests including mrs allan allan perform ceremony absence grafton minister vacation
thanks geometry learning teaching anne shirley trifle vindictively thumped battered volume euclid big chest books banged lid triumph sat looking diana wright green gables garret gray eyes morning sky garret shadowy suggestive delightful place garrets open window anne sat blew sweet scented sun warm air august afternoon poplar boughs rustled tossed wind woods lover lane wound enchanted path apple orchard bore rosy harvests munificently mountain range snowy clouds blue southern sky window glimpsed distant white capped blue sea beautiful st lawrence gulf floats jewel abegweit softer sweeter indian forsaken prosaic prince edward island diana wright older saw grown matronly intervening eyes black brilliant cheeks rosy dimples enchanting ago days anne shirley vowed eternal friendship garden orchard slope arms held small sleeping black curled creature happy known avonlea small anne cordelia avonlea folks knew diana called anne course avonlea folks puzzled cordelia cordelia wright barry connections
anne wakened morning wedding find sunshine winking window porch gable september breeze frolicking curtains glad sun shine thought happily recalled morning wakened porch room sunshine crept blossomdrift snow queen happy wakening brought bitter disappointment preceding night room endeared consecrated happy childhood dreams maiden visions joyfully absences window knelt night bitter agony believed gilbert dying sat speechless happiness night betrothal vigils joy sorrow today leave forever henceforth fifteen dora inherit anne wish room sacred youth girlhood past close today chapter wifehood opened green gables busy joyous house forenoon diana arrived early fred small anne cordelia lend hand davy dora green gables twins whisked babies garden don let small anne cordelia spoil clothes warned diana anxiously afraid trust dora marilla child careful mothers known wonder ways
september month golden mists purple hazes winds harbor month sun steeped days nights swimming moonlight pulsating stars storm marred rough wind blew anne gilbert put nest order rambled shores sailed harbor drove winds glen ferny sequestered roads woods harbor head short honeymoon lovers envied stop short richly worth sake past weeks wouldn anne don suppose perfect weeks wind weather folks house dreams conspired honeymoon delightful rainy haven quarrelled teased gilbert thats pleasure greater deferred quoted anne glad decided spend honeymoon memories belong house dreams scattered strange places tang romance adventure atmosphere home anne found avonlea lived sight sea entered intimately winds surrounded called constantly window home saw varying aspect haunting murmur ears veseels sailed harbor wharf glen sailed sunset bound ports half round globe
mrs rachel lynde lived avonlea main road dipped hollow fringed ladies traversed brook source woods cuthbert place reputed intricate headlong brook earlier course woods dark secrets pool cascade reached lynde hollow quiet conducted stream brook run past mrs rachel lynde door due regard decency decorum conscious mrs rachel sitting window keeping sharp eye passed brooks children noticed odd place rest ferreted whys wherefores thereof plenty avonlea attend closely neighbors business dint neglecting mrs rachel lynde capable creatures manage concerns folks bargain notable housewife ran sewing circle helped run sunday school strongest prop church aid society foreign missions auxiliary mrs rachel found abundant sit hours kitchen window knitting cotton warp quilts knitted sixteen avonlea housekeepers wont tell awed voices keeping sharp eye main road crossed hollow wound steep red hill
child put hand broke branch wild plum brushed side buggy beautiful tree leaning bank white lacy think asked dunno matthew bride course bride white lovely misty veil seen imagine look don expect bride homely want marry foreign missionary suppose foreign missionary hope white dress highest ideal earthly bliss love pretty clothes pretty dress remember course look forward imagine dressed gorgeously morning left asylum felt ashamed wear horrid wincey dress orphans wear merchant hopetown winter donated hundred yards wincey asylum couldn sell believe kindness heart wouldn train felt looking pitying imagined beautiful pale blue silk dress imagining imagine worth big hat flowers nodding plumes gold watch kid gloves boots
anne dropped knees gazed june morning eyes glistening delight wasn beautiful wasn lovely place suppose wasn going stay imagine scope imagination huge cherry tree grew close bough tapped house thick set blossoms leaf seen sides house big orchard apple trees cherry trees showered blossoms grass sprinkled dandelions garden lilac trees purple flowers dizzily sweet fragrance drifted window morning wind garden green field lush clover sloped hollow brook ran scores white birches grew upspringing airily undergrowth suggestive delightful possibilities ferns mosses woodsy things generally hill green feathery spruce fir gap gray gable end house seen side lake shing waters visible left big barns green low sloping fields sparkling blue glimpse sea anne beauty loving eyes lingered taking greedily looked unlovely places poor child lovely dreamed knelt lost loveliness startled hand shoulder marilla unheard small dreamer
anne running presently face sparkling delight orchard rovings abashed finding unexpected presence stranger halted confusedly inside door certainly odd looking creature short tight wincey dress worn asylum thin legs ungracefully freckles numerous obtrusive wind ruffled hatless hair brilliant disorder looked redder moment didn pick looks sure mrs rachel lynde emphatic comment mrs rachel delightful popular pride speaking mind fear favour terrible skinny homely marilla child let look lawful heart freckles hair red carrots child say anne exactly mrs rachel expected bound crossed kitchen floor stood mrs rachel face scarlet anger lips quivering slender form trembling head foot hate cried choked voice stamping foot floor hate hate hate louder stamp assertion hatred dare call skinny ugly dare say freckled redheaded rude impolite unfeeling woman anne exclaimed marilla consternation anne continued face mrs rachel undauntedly head eyes blazing hands clenched passionate indignation exhaling atmosphere
marilla anne standing gable room looking solemnly dresses spread bed snuffy colored gingham marilla tempted buy peddler preceding summer looked serviceable black white checked sateen picked bargain counter winter stiff print ugly blue shade purchased week carmody store alike plain skirts fulled tightly plain waists sleeves plain waist skirt tight sleeves imagine anne soberly don want imagine marilla offended don dresses matter neat clean yes don re re pretty anne reluctantly pretty marilla sniffed didn trouble head getting pretty dresses don believe pampering vanity anne tell dresses serviceable dresses frills furbelows re summer brown gingham blue print school begin sateen church sunday school expect neat clean tear think grateful skimpy wincey things wearing grateful protested anne
anne sewing marilla glancing clock yellow august afternoon drowsed heat stayed playing diana half hour gave leave perched woodpile talking matthew nineteen dozen knows perfectly course listening perfect ninny saw infatuated talks odder things says delighted evidently anne shirley minute hear series staccato taps west window brought anne flying yard eyes shining cheeks faintly flushed pink unbraided hair streaming torrent brightness marilla exclaimed breathlessly going sunday school picnic week harmon andrews field lake shining waters mrs superintendent bell mrs rachel lynde going ice cream think marilla ice cream marilla look clock anne tell clock splendid picnic marilla picnic dreamed picnics yes told clock quarter didn obey anne meant marilla idea fascinating idlewild
sunday rain poured torrents dawn till dusk anne stir abroad green gables monday afternoon marilla mrs lynde errand short space anne flying lane tears rolling cheeks kitchen dashed flung downward sofa agony wrong anne queried marilla doubt dismay hope haven saucy mrs lynde answer anne save tears stormier sobs anne shirley ask question want answered sit minute tell crying anne sat tragedy personified mrs lynde mrs barry today mrs barry awful wailed says set diana drunk saturday home disgraceful condition says bad wicked girl going let diana play marilla overcome woe marilla stared blank amazement set diana drunk found voice anne mrs barry crazy earth give thing raspberry cordial sobbed anne thought raspberry cordial set drunk marilla drank big tumblerfuls diana sounds mrs thomas husband didn mean set drunk drunk fiddlesticks marilla marching sitting room pantry
things wound things glance decision canadian premier include prince edward island political tour fortunes anne shirley green gables january premier address loyal supporters non supporters chose present monster mass meeting held charlottetown avonlea premier side politics night meeting nearly goodly proportion women town thirty miles mrs rachel lynde mrs rachel lynde red hot politician couldn believed political rally carried opposite side politics town took husband thomas looking horse marilla cuthbert marilla sneaking interest politics thought chance real live premier promptly took leaving anne matthew house return marilla mrs rachel enjoying hugely mass meeting anne matthew cheerful kitchen green gables bright fire glowing fashioned waterloo stove blue white frost crystals shining window panes matthew nodded farmers advocate sofa anne table studied lessons grim determination despite sundry wistful glances clock shelf lay book jane andrews lent
anne excited justice lessons morning school gilbert blythe spelled class left clear sight mental arithmetic anne consequent humiliation view concert spare room bed diana talked constantly stricter teacher phillips dire disgrace inevitably portion anne felt borne going concert discussed school avonlea debating club met fortnightly winter smaller free entertainments big affair admission ten cents aid library avonlea young practising weeks scholars especially interested reason older brothers sisters going part school age expected carrie sloane father shared marilla opinions small girls going night concerts carrie sloane cried grammar afternoon felt worth living anne real excitement began dismissal school increased therefrom crescendo reached crash positive ecstasy concert perfectly elegant tea delicious occupation dressing diana room upstairs diana anne front hair pompadour style anne tied diana bows especial knack possessed experimented half dozen ways arranging hair ready cheeks scarlet eyes glowing excitement
kind marilla sighed anne happily limp floor pleasant laid bright side marilla find friends superintendent bell fine kindred spirit course sorry criticized prayers believe mean habit saying didn trouble gave broad hint told hard tried private prayers interesting told broke ankle boy strange think superintendent bell boy imagination limits imagine try imagine boy gray whiskers spectacles looks sunday school small easy imagine mrs allan girl mrs allan fourteen times proud marilla minister wife claims cheerful person visit tells fault hopes girl account mrs lynde told kind feel hope girl didn believe josie pye
christmas morning broke beautiful white mild december looked forward green christmas snow fell softly night transfigure avonlea anne peeped frosted gable window delighted eyes firs haunted wood feathery wonderful birches wild cherry trees outlined pearl ploughed fields stretches snowy dimples crisp tang air glorious anne ran downstairs singing voice reechoed green gables merry christmas marilla merry christmas matthew lovely christmas glad white kind christmas real don green christmases re green re nasty faded browns grays makes call green matthew matthew matthew sheepishly unfolded dress paper swathings held deprecatory glance marilla feigned contemptuously filling teapot watched scene corner eye interested air anne took dress looked reverent silence pretty lovely soft brown gloria gloss silk skirt dainty frills shirrings waist elaborately pintucked fashionable ruffle filmy lace neck sleeves crowning glory elbow cuffs beautiful puffs divided rows shirring bows brown silk ribbon christmas present anne matthew shyly anne don
marilla walking home late april evening aid meeting realized winter thrill delight spring fails bring oldest saddest youngest merriest marilla subjective analysis thoughts feelings imagined thinking aids missionary box carpet vestry room reflections harmonious consciousness red fields smoking pale mists declining sun sharp pointed fir shadows falling meadow brook crimson maples mirror wood pool wakening stir hidden pulses gray sod spring abroad land marilla sober middle aged step lighter swifter deep primal gladness eyes dwelt affectionately green gables peering network trees reflecting sunlight windows coruscations glory marilla picked steps damp lane thought satisfaction going home briskly snapping wood fire table nicely spread tea cold comfort aid meeting evenings anne green gables marilla entered kitchen found fire black sign anne felt justly disappointed irritated told anne sure tea ready clock hurry dress prepare meal matthew return ploughing
lonesomer anne found hall bedroom night twilight board girls relatives town pity miss josephine barry liked board beechwood academy question miss barry hunted boarding house assuring matthew marilla place anne lady keeps reduced gentlewoman explained miss barry husband british officer careful sort boarders takes anne meet objectionable persons roof table house academy quiet neighborhood true proved materially help anne agony homesickness seized looked dismally narrow room dull walls small iron bedstead empty bookcase horrible choke throat thought white room green gables pleasant consciousness green outdoors sweet peas growing garden moonlight falling orchard brook slope spruce boughs tossing night wind vast starry sky light diana window shining gap trees anne knew window hard street network telephone wires shutting sky tramp alien feet thousand lights gleaming stranger faces
anne felt queer sensation dismayed surprise known expected gilbert going redmond inspiring rivalry educational college real degree prospect flat friend enemy morning breakfast suddenly struck anne matthew looking surely grayer marilla hesitatingly matthew marilla troubled tone real bad spells heart spring won spare mite real worried hired hoping kind rest pick maybe re home cheer anne leaned table took marilla face hands looking marilla look tired afraid working hard rest home going visit dear spots hunt dreams turn lazy marilla smiled affectionately girl head pain eyes doctor spencer fussing glasses don distinguished oculist coming island june doctor says
noised abroad avonlea anne shirley idea going college intended stay home teach deal discussion folks knowing marilla eyes thought foolish mrs allan told anne approving words brought tears pleasure girl eyes mrs lynde evening found anne marilla sitting front door warm scented summer dusk liked sit twilight white moths flew garden odor mint filled dewy air mrs rachel deposited substantial person stone bench door grew row tall pink yellow hollyhocks breath mingled weariness relief declare glad sit feet hundred pounds bit feet carry round blessing fat marilla hope appreciate anne hear notion going college real glad hear education woman comfortable don believe girls going college cramming heads full latin greek nonsense going study latin greek mrs lynde anne laughing going arts course green gables study college mrs lynde lifted hands holy horror anne shirley kill
body growing taller changing shape re boy getting broader shoulders noticeable muscles re girl hips getting broader body softer rounded soon begin develop physical traits adulthood hair arms area legs legs puberty girls develop breasts begin menstruate boys notice penis testicles growing important chapters physical don happen overnight takes occur boys girls puberty fairly young age starting show noticeable signs growing early normal start puberty later age normal puberty starts means re gradually getting ready live adult body getting stature strength adult things driving car hard physical body preparing children someday signs puberty mean re young adulthood important happen physical feelings interests changing friends important starting notice opposite sex interest find independent
girls chart normal girl start breast development age menarche age classmate begin breast development age menstruate looking shaded bars physical change normal range wide cases beginning breast development bar starts reaches means normal start developing breasts read boys chart looking bars chart tell boy likely pubic hair penis growth ejaculation look bars mark normal age span early late bloomer change average rate growth middle shaded bar studies doctors shown re early late bloomer easy recent study found feel girls start maturing young age boys start developing late help lot talk parents let feel re teased school lack able help deal realizing re going giving permission shave legs need reassuring re normal loved
breasts layer fat fig breasts lot inside openings nipple small smaller lead openings milk ducts milk duct twenty lobes breast turn small glands nerves arteries blood vessels fat lymph channels packed breast milk breast woman birth nursing baby connective fibers breast help give final rounded shape muscles breasts increase breast size exercises commercially advertised bust development devices lotions creams pectoral muscles chest wall beneath breasts developing muscles weight lifting exercises lead increase bust measurement measured torso increase actual breast size upset breast size feel freak mean nipples don stand normal mine look slits scared mean cancer won able feed baby don print tell dark hairs nipples breasts
sitting bull sioux chief composed song help celebrate event inauguration wore flowing war bonnet eagle feathers spilled swept ground sang booming voice ye tribes behold chiefs courage going need plenty courage faced grave growing threat threatened loss hunting grounds livelihood freedom west indian tribes pushed lands white settlers soldiers twenty earlier sitting bull boy territory west mississippi river belonged indians buffalo dozens tribes bands language customs scattered western plains mountains tribes nations europe europeans era indians formed alliances friends war enemies fighting hard territory plunder thrills glory combat white explorers fur trappers traders filtering west early indians met friendly tribes welcomed whites villages willing live peace wasn white settlers claimed indian land army built forts protect settlers real troubles began policy united states government set reservations indians live whites
red cloud born winter sioux camp rolling prairie present site north platte nebraska oglalas tribes belonging powerful teton sioux nation mother father died small boy raised older sisters devoted uncle white hawk trained youngster thousand skills sioux hunter warrior white hawk complained nephew wild unruly lectured boy saying makings chief rule impulses sioux boy red cloud began track rabbits small game soon big miniature bow arrow uncle grew older trained run hours stopping days food stay awake night learned ride horseback guiding horse pressure knees shifting weight body full gallop scoop pebble ground leap horse hang side racing mount holding elbows knees hands shoot stream arrows fifteen sixteen riding battle oglala war parties joining raids fights crows enemies proved worth battle times famous luck fight pawnees arrow pierced body front point feathers visible broken shaft arrow removed
red cloud refused part sioux war advising followers declare peaceful stay close reservation agency glimpses white strength convinced armed resistance futile realized handful compared whites continued struggle defend sioux interests war red cloud stubbornly opposed sale reservation lands angry persistent critic government agents washington run reservation charging graft corruption incompetence feud agent named mcgillycuddy red cloud ousted official chief oglalas mcgillycuddy stripped aging chief title public meeting red cloud mean insolent mcgillycuddy told defied agent insulted father break chieftainship longer chief oglalas tipi red cloud influence declining grew cautious conservative later younger sioux rejected leadership judged harshly felt sold white red cloud asked father powerful fill earth says red cloud died feeble half blind sioux reservation split smaller reservations roving hunting bands forever red cloud won war lost battle preserve sioux
betsy tacy tib girls friends quarreled betsy tacy friends friends quarreled tib moved neighborhood started playing grown bad betsy ray tacy kelly played nicely girls play nicely let stopped silence sounded saying trouble begins expected trouble began betsy tacy tib didn quarrel quarreled julia katie julia katie betsy tacy big sisters bossy betsy tacy tib didn bossed betsy tacy lived hill street ran straight green hill stopped small yellow cottage ray family lived house side street rambling white house opposite kelly family lived house side houses ended street hill tib didn live hill street lived pleasant street tib house place betsy tacy lived block block block vacant lot tib lived chocolate colored house beautiful house betsy tacy front stairs stairs tower panes colored glass front door
betsy tacy tib scolded going begging surprised scolded surprised scolded expected scolded putting mud mussing dresses tangling hair fathers mothers mind minded asking eat fathers mothers tried explain telling lie pretend hungry cried betsy tacy tib wrong ask food mrs ekstrom plenty home respect betsy father ask help don need betsy tacy tib tried understand understood naughty understood begging scolded punished forbidden big hill month wanted big hill month allowed betsy yard maple looked tall full mystery julia katie arms full flowers wild sweet peas queen anne lace white yellow daisies betsy tacy took care betsy baby sister margaret tib took care baby brother hobbie hobson mothers thought thing couldn think strange allowed big hill didn
kind bird asked pass didn look happy tib looked looked scared re tacin answered betsy re tacin bird tacy waited flew flew let holding tight branch hands loosened hold dropped betsy fine tacy suppose turn wasn betsy lowest branch sat held tight swung legs didn fly going fly asked tib minute answered betsy sat swung legs kind bird betsy tacy asked betsin answered betsy betsin bird looked leafy looked ground ground don betsin birds fly asked tib yes betsy love fly didn fly looked cool green branches fly wonder stopped want asked tacy tib sit tell betsy interesting maybe paul hear tacy tib sat grass listen paul put cart leaned tacy tib jiggled margaret gocart hobbie asleep
ridiculous george burst course father believe thing superstitious shrug threat injury nancy replied told friends father client named oscar thurston lived harper miles threatened times unknown persons dad thinks thurston won sell farm nancy explained ordinary farm small zoo huge cages birds birds rare beautiful dad says george frowned thurston want sell okay jinxed nancy reply george frown deeper firm called high rise construction company determined land build apartment buildings part large complex owner asked town council thurston place condemned bess looked indignant sounds pretty unfair thurston stop dad trying nancy busy cases able investigating george grinned called bess standby case dad asks help solve mystery jinx nancy moment front doorbell rang nancy hurried stairs answer opened door maybe dad ordered delivered store stepping looked package sight rung bell wondered glanced block nancy caught sight strange looking bird
nancy gently sure truth superstition don let owls bother bess george supported friend comment mrs thurston paid attention ravens cage bring trouble danger libel suit attempts dissuade mrs thurston failed finally nancy tell birds cages martha thurston relaxed doves bring peace robins messengers luck favorite birds darling hummingbirds amazing creatures george asked woman warmed subejct think miniature helicopters hover motionless believe fly backwards beautiful iridescent birds quarter inches amazing energy understand size outperform living warm blooded animal hummingbird hovering energy output unit weight ten times running miles hour girls intensely interested learn waited mrs thurston daily output energy girls shook heads thirty hundred calories listen daily output hummingbird calculated terms hundred seventy pound equivalent hundred fifty thousand calories wow george exclaimed grinned admiration hummingbirds
nancy professor saunders large room mounted birds display watched intently unlocked cabinet empty perch put stuffed wryneck stand locked cabinet nancy noticed lock kind opened skeleton key fact removal wryneck puzzling turned cabinet bell rang paused nancy knew signal class thanked think home proposed site high rise project nancy decided drove skirted thurston property parked dirt road large open field distance bird cages nancy locked car started walking field presently noticed couple standing hundred yards talking drew closer nancy thought kammy wondering eurasian girl nancy hastened suddenly kammy companion turned nancy looked squarely cut thurston cages nancy murmured started run instant suspect took angle road seconds car jumped sped field nancy tried license number car kammy stood looking puzzled nancy ran young detective cried don saw kammy replied
landing strip parked planes rush details growing larger frank headed ground watch telephone lines joe cried wires loomed squarely front plane nose frank judged glide angle correctly wires dropping field vision coming straight plane frank gulped panic crash trying hard cool eased wheel barely split ship nosed upward cleared wires moments later plane wheels touched perfect landing craft rolled stop frank climbed feeling bit weak quick thinking boy joe slapped brother don shave close frank heaved sigh didn think acted didn jack figured thing pilot chuckled suddenly face clouded snapped fingers clean forgot tell boys chorused message father gave took san juan early morning jack returned flying hardy puerto rico previous top secret case sorry giving flying lessons absent minded handed boys piece paper find hugo purple turban frank joe read aloud stared paper completely baffled cryptic message jack explain hardy quickly jotted strange words handed paper say jack added couldn give details spotted wanted shadow
ambush joe flashed brother startled glance frank clenched fists don going let find hearts thumping fists ready trouble hardys dashed corner barn stopped dead open mouthed astonishment person sight chet morton propped barn hi fellows greeted lifting eyebrows innocent deadpan look expecting heard joe asked surprise re looking em pal em chet replied prove switched tough guy voices uttered bloodcurdling threats frank believe ears stout boy chuckled slight case ventriloquism gentlemen learned books thought handy helping fellows cases burst laughter boy fall act hook line sinker phone call begging help joe growled trick chet nodded don hold hardy boys grinned frank sure fooled say re sure chet agreed fact career ventriloquism turning big show television chet morton voices greatest imitator hardys chance needle friend greatest appetite mean joe hooted known chet morton helpings
thanks tip chief joe frank frank equally startled heard burglary wonder stole wrong hugo try sure sounds joe agreed heard bivven say hugo stock boys drove darkened streets bayport novelty shop king street store ablaze light squad car stood scene apparently police detectives left patrolman guard door hardys identified frank added chief collig phoned news called patrolman let enter bivven busy straightening store boys murmured glancing door bell tinkled toys dolls scale models neatly replaced shelves sorry hear news bivven frank exactly happened proprietor shrugged sighed place ransacked dratted nuisance burglars figure reckon lucky wasn worse mind look clues frank asked ahead police boys poked store bivven bent counter moment later stood strange remarked puzzled frown fiddling sales checks sales checks frank struck sudden fear yes em stashed order re messed
nestled groove satin lined case finest moonstone nancy seen stared amazement pretty neat george grinned mystery solve case unknown admirer nancy laughed tease ned package mailed river heights camp miles ned nickerson college student dated suddenly nancy noticed piece paper wedged bottom white carton unfolded quickly girls read aloud message pasted newspaper words luck wisher need weeks nancy bess demanded sounds dangerous didn think nancy answered thoughtfully dad working case asked help girls let dash post office find mailed moonstone led hurried garage slipping driver seat convertible nancy backed car friends headed post office block nancy parked convertible trouble george asked thought foot contents wisher note think shadowing spying don ahead girls follow watch okay george agreed bess george cousin careful meet later nancy strode sycamore shaded street fast pace reached business area turned avenue post office located bess george hundred yards suddenly bess grabbed cousin arm crossed street
nancy amazed realized person persons involved case extremely afraid investigated father phoned night friends going deep river look clues mystery bowen threat unwise nancy stay home young sleuth mind bowen going let scare case promise careful let trapped bowen admired courage pleaded heed mysterious warning mind nancy promised returned car told phone call girls chance influenced bowen advice trip nancy kissed hannah slid wheel waved cheery mrs gruen stood gazing girls shaking head say threaten nancy drew worries admire courage late afternoon girls reached deep river small bustling town easily located winding road led mountainside view motel gorgeous view bess exclaimed reached top miles valley yes nancy soon unpack things want look travelers found owner mrs thompson delightful woman thirty motel charming homelike atmosphere girls shown large room beds
nancy playing game laughed interested learning house tell lady town told nancy showed disappointment changed subject abruptly mrs hemstead think deep river don lived look hale hearty impersonator acted unconvinced heard queer things happened town bad mrs hemstead shrugged course moments silence woman brightened sat straight rocked furiously course castle bad abandoned beautiful place show place deep river fifty ago owned nancy queried irene high pitched voice matched tone mrs hemstead foreigners built lived haunted mrs hemstead answered haunted bess repeated say mrs hemstead replied folks finished building castle turret finally abandoned tragedy child drowned moat hoisted drawbridge crushed bess don tell mrs hemstead stopped lived castle taxes paid living europe town place county police look order
hardy boys convertible heading open country whizzed past road sign inscribed bayport city limits dark haired eighteen frank fingered wheel lightly joe blond younger frank sat business forgetting car joe asked wife left slow mo garage pleasantville weeks ago called frank replied boys father detective fenton hardy frank details case suggested sons follow garage proprietor appealed hardy find owner car didn slow mo contact license bureau joe put dad asked slow mo says look plates took re supposed find frank half hour later pulled front rickety building sleepy town pleasantville slow mo joe observed gray haired overalls shuffled hello greeted learned asked surprise dad busy case joe replied help frowned sure countin detective part country re agreed frank think joe start solving mystery dad cases boys sleuthing career begun finding solution tower treasure mystery detective country abroad
shopkeeper stopped page bearing date black sedan left slow mo garage seventeen days previously watch pawned annie groves fern terrace look indian joe queried didn look indian replied added er stolen watch frank told idea thanking trouble joe hastily left store let fern terrace quick frank meet annie groves joe took wheel headed outskirts bayport soon turned street bearing sign fern terrace frank spotted numbers left side road added car inched suddenly exclaimed joe lot number vacant tangle weeds covered ground phony address frank disgust joe turned car business section let pawnshop ask maxby questions frank pulled clock closed aunt gertrude dinner ready waiting tomorrow frank joe wait finish breakfast morning eager rush maxby half hour later drove pawnshop proprietor surprised want look watch asked frank replied want find annie groves
frank parked boys spied stocky friend crouching football lineman rushing big muscular arms outstretched faster eye follow grabbed chet flipped air boy landed ground thud frank joe rushed aid hi chet casually picked introduced young thrown russ griggs teaching judo thought attacking joe russ laughed chet pretty pupil load working movement couple judo holds frank chet beauty easy re fast russ replied show goes frank stepped forward showed fundamentals hold taking step slowly try words mouth husky russ zooming air rocket hey shouted frank instructor remember laughed judo expert showed variety holds russ left boys gathered spacious porch frank joe quickly told chet baffling case attack father shot arrow chet exclaimed added gosh sure sorry fellows postpone camping trip joe announced sure understand
frank looked brother say harm talking mcclintock careful mrs hardy slender pretty woman schemer kind ask questions father guard frank rule number household re likely forget don worry joe added assuring tone mcclintock try pry don dad expected case working grinned think don mother mrs hardy shook head chuckled don unusual fenton hardy renowned private detective trained york police department left big city entirely phenomenal success sons inherited father natural ability carefully taught modern scientific detective methods recently solved unusually puzzling mystery known secret panel frank joe drove bayport hotel asked mcclintock sorry clerk half hour ago left message re afternoon mcclintock frank asked young hotel clerk friend hardys looked surprised don living past months middle age say line joe asked pays bills promptly friends bayport maybe acts secretive
boys sighed mcclintock certainly hard fact matter kind trip don don job figure frank joe leave think frank soon decided let left hotel frank guy wants vacation care goes mighty stumped forgot bicycle tour joe quipped added quickly look comes chet street trudged friend round faced stocky chet morton lived farm bayport chet picture irresponsible bliss today brows knit frown greeted hardys voice sounded gloomy hi mumbled going fishing joe asked indicating case chet carrying arm replied maybe sell rod cheap genuine bamboo bought father didn chet shook head sale forty dollars frank whistled save money tell truth didn borrowed money dad gave buy seed sure wouldn mind rod real bargain earn forty dollars pay rod catch fish sell fish suggested joe chet looked sourly forty dollars worth fish kidding able money selling flies flies want flies asked frank
joe wrote names addresses thanked girl joe drove biff home returned hardy house aunt gertrude express office press complaint frank fallen asleep joe telling mother visit hawk telephone rang aunt gerturde joe called loudly quick aunty express office course chance solve mystery hurry joe promised hung turned mother aunty big later seconds later drove front express company aunt gertrue ran pointing truck pull curb loaded trunks bags boxes follow joe miss hardy commanded jumping car nephew slamming door shut rush want find going don sure going joe accelerated aunt snapped safetybelt buckle mean expressman going lead missing carton asked miss hardy snorted assumed attitude patient tolerance word carton look sort confused joe careful tailgate truck giving joe pointers road safety aunt gerturde morning box looks mine raw wool arrived express office joe delivered
daybreak guided boats swift water narrow canyon eleven clock morning hear roar ahead sound grows louder louder finally find waterfall drops eighty feet mile rushing waters break waves rocks lash mad white foam place land place footing boat strikes glassy wave rises top trough higher wave higher higher strike wave curls rolls boat shoot past projecting rocks boat caught whirlpool spins times boats passed smoother water side filled water breaker rolls hurled rock rock struggling eddies drifting breakers boat completely unmanageable sink boats turned eddy foot falls waiting pull push canyon walls bail boat canyon walls gorge black narrow red gray flaring grand gloomy depths glide listening watching lies ahead journal journal written daily account things happen
farm hills hampshire lived boy daniel webster tiny fellow jet black hair eyes dark wonderful saw forget strong help farm spent playing woods learning love trees flowers harmless wild creatures lived play school learned read read pleased grew tired listening neighbors driving past father house stop horses road call dannie webster read children books books kind homes hampshire farmers daniel read books read till knew learned deal bible repeat verse verse making mistake remembered lived daniel father farmer judge county court love law hoped daniel lawyer happened summer woodchuck burrow side hill webster house
ago lived grassy plains west herds animals called buffaloes ways wild cattle larger stronger tame true buffaloes bisons thousands bisons herd largest herds small herds times places moved left wandered slowly place place eating tall grass early summer course commonly north days began grow shorter turned south big heads thick manes bisons pleasant look fierce think huge timid animals let likely hurt strength taking care bodies clumsy plains move quickly tried traveled fast herd bisons set going stop hilly rocky country horse walk animals move rapid rate broad river leap swim front dare stop run herd commonly wolves beasts lookout weak lame straggler fall wander herd woe bison strayed mother side
ragged beggar creeping house house carried wallet hand asking door cents buy eat grumbling lot wondering folks money satisfied wanting master house business wondrously rich ago wise stopped turned business spent rest ease began building ships sending sea trade foreign lands thought mountains gold storms water ships wrecked riches swallowed waves hopes lie bottom sea wealth vanished dreams night cases satisfied gain eat wear want moment fortune street saw beggar stopped listen wished help hold wallet pour gold pour condition falls wallet pure gold piece falls ground dust understand
indian ear caught sounds eye took thing glance turtles lad turtles yes master answered guide suppose hatching places going lay eggs sand danger turtles fright chased sleep travelers sat camp fire talking strange creatures turtles amazon meet herds herds chooses place sandy island sand bank crawl ashore night vast multitudes turtle strong crooked claws hind feet digs hole sand hole feet feet deep lays eggs seventy hundred twenty number white hard shelled larger eggs pigeon fills hole sand leveling top sand bank look smooth end days army betakes water scatters direction sun shining sand rest weeks young turtles broad silver dollar crawl sand find water seen shallow pools lakes place hatched find pools mothers young lead thither knows
storks settled shore company thrushes fed tall plants grew margin water soon began stir called reeds honk creek honk creek mother thrush re going ready children going cried grumbler yes thinklittle strong storks silence cried mother thrush excited say word storks slowly raised awkward bodies spread huge wings soared air trailed legs crying hoarsely took course straight sea cried mother thrush quick follow darted midst flock storks broodlings close moment fluttered gray winged stork settled bird broad nestled wings family cuddled short felt strange odd resting place young began talk pleasant voyage thinklittle nice ride backs big storks ride camels donkeys trot pyramids half pleasant understand mother meant spoke ships songful
nearly clock morning early laboring field ten hours noon save farmer boys expected mowing machines drawn team sturdy spirited horses elegant pieces mechanism mowers simple light strong rude contrivances purpose forty ago open gate patrick let drive field johnson team sprightly blacks lead careful driver fast walking horses follow making ready start cast eye sea waving timothy thirty acres finest meadow land country level floor stump stick stone grandfather field scythe grass cut begins sickle bars let drivers comfortable spring seats give word horses start gayly steadily holiday sings row sharp knives nicknamed sickle flies faster eye follow spares comes
eighty ago things railroads tom brown rugby famous boys school ride stagecoach story journey told delightful book called tom brown school days book pleasure thousands young readers written thomas hughes englishman story ride rugby follows clock morning november tom brown father wayside tavern waiting fast coach expected pass daylight tom father orered luncheon served hour passed pleasantly lad swallowed mouthful winding comforter round throat tucking ends breast coat sound horn heard moment hear ring rattle fast trotters town coach dash door tavern bob says burly guard dropping swinging arms warm young gentleman rugby parcels leicester hamper game rugby answer tell young gent look alive says guard throwing parcels place satchel top fasten soon sir jump bye father love home shake hand goes tom guard catching hat box holding hand claps horn mouth
gregory able poor english boys sure forget plan converting english pope course longer thought going britain rome send company monks called augustine head england single nation divided small kingdoms nearly war kingdoms kent southeastern part island king ethelbert master nearly kings ethelbert english king married foreign wife daughter kings franks lived country called france franks christians ethelbert young queen kent agreed religion took frankish bishop bishop worship god church canterbury called saint martins king ethelbert known christian faith augustine suppose easier queen bishop convert augustine think kind servant queen worth listening city rome
story north ago delighted listen sitting fires cold winter days think warm spring weather coming green grass cover meadows golden harvest crown summer sif queen fields growing grain husband rough thor lord storm clouds thunder gentle kind rude strong sif fair thing trifle vain silken hair fell glossy waves feet calm warm days sit bank pool gaze beauty pictured water combed braided flowing tresses golden sunbeams hair proud living country cunnng mischief maker called loki pleased save plotting trouble liked meddle business tricks jokes seldom harmless kind grew loki saw proud sif hair spent combing arranging planned cruel piece mischief
beaver wild animal feet length weighing forty fifty pounds covered fine glossy grayish brown fur tail nearly foot hair scales fish beaver swimming water tail kind rudder beaver bear live happy large number friends close hand visit beavers kindest neighbors ready help building houses repairing course thing going build house village fix suitable site spot beaver sense thinks desirable large pond pond low plain stream running plain pond causing water cover beavers learned pond build dam running stream begin stream runs mistake gather number sticks logs feet carry roll stream beavers safety village lies strength foundation fetching heaping green branches trees
knew grew twenty hours older larger vexed deal wished tall large bear hear say morning bright idea mind shoemaker high heels put boots taller shoemaker glad morning master crispin answered called shoemaker master crispin wish put pair heels boots high stop calling tired nonsense shoemaker kindly set finished boots paid hope pleased call bye gentleman took leave greatly vexed shoemaker respect feelings innkeeper thought open eyes greet inn walked boldly front door hall keeping straight young soldier guard general tent morning innkeeper think vexed find high heels
south land cotton soil climate fitted growth cotton raised warm southern states rest crop worth gold silver mines let visit big plantations south carolina alabama cotton grows field pickers stalks feet high bolls cotton bolls limbs bottom full grown size walnuts hulls left middle limbs younger smaller bolls rapidly growing larger top branches covered green leaves smaller bolls bloom weeks ago plant covered leaves stalk matures drop beginning lower branches bolls ripen field ripening cotton beautiful sights bursting bolls lower branches stalks let field pick bunches white hang ready drop hands easily soft clean fibers hard things fibers cling closely cotton seeds big lemon seeds gotten cotton sold later learn
victorious army marched york king harold sat feast midst company stir heard doors messengers covered mire riding fast hurrying report normans landed england true duke william ships tossed contrary winds wrecked encamped hastings norman power hopeful strong english ground harold broke feast hurried london week army ready spies learn strength normans william took caused led camp dismissed normans spies harold bearded upper lip shorn priests find priests soldiers answered harold laugh middle month october thousand sixty normans english front front night armies lay encamped part country called senlac called battle dawn arose faint light english hill wood lay midst royal banner representing fighting warrior woven gold thread adorned precious stones beneath banner rustled wind stood king harold foot remaining brothers side silent dead clustered english army soldier covered shield bearing hand dreaded english battle ax
king harold wounded arrow eye nearly blind brothers killed twenty norman knights dashed forward seize royal banner english knights soldiers faithfully collected round blinded king king received mortal wound dropped english broke fled normans rallied lost sight beneath moon stars lights shining tent victorious duke william pitched spot harold fell knights carousing soldiers torches going slowly fro sought corpse harold piles dead harold banner worked golden thread precious stones lay low torn soiled blood duke flag norman lions watch field ground brave harold fell william norman afterward founded abbey called battle abbey rich splendid place troubled conquer english thing easy overran counties burned towns laid waste scores scores miles pleasant country destroyed number lives length christmas crowned westminister abbey title william known william conqueror strange coronation bishops performed cermony asked normans french duke william king answered yes
careless midshipman idling city pockets full money waiting coach comes presently top looks soon leave chimney pots eyes wander delight harvest fields smells honeysuckle hedgerow wishes hazel bushes strip milky nuts sees piled barley wishes seated top wood likes checkered shadows trees lying white road squirrel runs bough forbear whoop halloo chase nest passengers delighted simplicity childlike glee encourage talk sea ships especially majesty ship asp honor sail jargon sea describes perfections enlarges peculiar advantages middy ordered masthead punishment seen sitting topmast crosstrees uncommonly sea serpent finding hint received incredulous smiles begins tell hopes promoted charge poop passengers hope honor doubt deserves cheeks flush pleasure hear say thinks notion honor happen consist
midshipman home joyful meeting place admired growth measured height window frame seen eat supper begin question adventures pleasure hearing talk curiosity adventures says boy seated father mother sofa mother wrote account voyage tell happened coach told asks father yes papa twenty miles beggar changed horses threw thought shilling fell saw sovereign honest showed didn gave true boy mother answers careless money suppose crossroads says elder brother yes wood sooner lost lost says mother alarmed dear boy left path dusk mother says midshipman smile re thinking re danger sitting jib boom end main topmast crosstrees frightened danger wood boy answers don wish overanxious children uncomfortable fears stray path
fame discovery columbus resounded nation route lay finest populous provinces spain journey appeared progress sovereign passed country poured inhabitants lined road thronged villages streets windows balconies towns filled eager spectators rent air acclamations journey continually impeded multitude pressing gain sight indians regarded astonishment natives planet impossible satisfy craving curiosity assailed attendants stage innumerable questions popular rumor usual exaggerated truth filled newly found country kinds wonders middle april columbus arrived barcelona preparation give solemn magnificent reception beauty serenity weather genial season favored climate contributed give splendor memorable ceremony drew place youthful courtiers hidalgos vast concourse populace meet welcome entrance noble city compared triumphs romans accustomed decree conquerors paraded indians painted according savage fashion decorated national ornaments gold borne kinds live parrots stuffed birds animals unknown species rare plants supposed precious qualities care conspicuous display indian bracelets decorations gold give idea wealth newly discovered regions
annie crying wringing hands rush water liked look hoped hold hurdle horseback suddenly round corner ash hedge side stream horse feet water ho cried thee boy flood carry thee straw thee trouble leaned forward spoke mare tint strawberry young thing beautiful arched neck misliking job trusting attempt entered flood dainty fore legs sloped front delicate ears pricked forward size eyes increasing straight turbid rush pressure knee looked wondered force torrent grew stronger bade foamed shoulders tossed lip scorned courage waking rush swept struck forefeet stream leaned saddle manner thought caught tom left hand set hostlers smiled faint quack gratitude moment carried stream rider lay flat horse tossed hurdle clear bend smooth water
reared upright air struck full nose comb till bled worse robin snell fore feet deep straw hind feet going heaven finding stick wax mettle flew swifter trow drove full head cob wall jack slip screamed annie turned light thought crush ground left knee dear cried breeches broken short words farthest kill die took courtyard gate leap knocking words teeth quickset hedge sky breath water meadows lay neck child wished born straight front wind scattering clouds speed frightful flash shoulders mane trees tempest felt earth rushing air left breath prayed god sorry late swift power thought clung crest shoulders proud holding sure beaten fury feeling rushed device leaped wide water trough sideways fro till breath left
morning twenty fourth june break battle began terrible earnest english advanced saw scots getting line abbot inchaffray walked ranks barefooted exhorted fight freedom kneeled passed prayed heaven victory king edward saw called kneel asking forgiveness yes celebrated english baron called ingelram de ask god conquer die field english king ordered begin battle archers bent bows began shoot closely arrows fell flakes snow christmas bruce told prepared readiness body arms mounted rode full gallop archers weapons save bows arrows attacked hand hand cut numbers thrown total confusion fine english cavalry advanced support archers attack scottish line coming ground dug full pits horses fell holes riders lay tumbling means defense unable rise weight armor englishmen began fall general disorder scottish king bringing forces attacked pressed closely sudden battle obstinately maintained sides event happened decided victory
months past days god preserved candle shined head light walked darkness days youth secret god tabernacle almighty children washed steps butter rock poured rivers oil ear heard blessed eye saw gave witness delivered poor cried fatherless help blessing ready perish caused widow heart sing joy eyes blind feet lame father poor knew searched weep trouble soul grieved poor let weighed balance god mine integrity despise servant maid servant contended god riseth visiteth answer withheld poor desire caused eyes widow fail eaten morsel fatherless hath eaten thereof seen perish want clothing poor covering loins blessed warmed fleece sheep lifted hand fatherless saw help gate let mine arm fall shoulder blade mine arm broken bone
impressed spaniards throngs swarmed streets canals filling doorway window clustering roofs buildings remember spectacle exclaims bernal diaz present mind yesterday sensations aztecs looked portentous pageant heard cemented pavement ring iron tramp horses strange animals fear clothed supernatural terrors gazed children east revealing celestial origin fair complexions saw bright bonnets steel metal unknown glancing meteors sun sounds unearthly music rude instruments wakened floated air passed spacious street troops repeatedly traversed bridges suspended canals saw indian barks gliding swiftly cargoes fruits vegetables markets tenochtitlan length halted broad area center city rose huge pyramidal pile dedicated patron war god aztecs size sanctity temple cholula covering ground part occupied cathedral mexico facing western gate inclosure temple stood low range stone buildings spreading wide extent ground palace axayacatl montezuma father built monarch fifty appropriated barracks spaniards
night advanced clouds closing densely overspreading sky dark blow harder harder increased horses scarcely face wind times dark part night late september nights short leaders turned dead stop apprehension coach blown broke blew harder harder yarmouth seamen blew guns approaching ipswich late fight inch ground ten miles london found cluster market place risen beds night fearful falling chimneys congregating innyard changed horses told sheets lead ripped high church tower flung street blocked tell country coming neighboring villages seen trees lying torn earth ricks scattered roads fields abatement storm blew harder struggled nearer nearer sea mighty wind blowing dead shore force terrific saw sea spray lips showered salt rain water miles miles flat country adjacent yarmouth sheet puddle lashed banks stress breakers setting heavily
delightful account log cabin john williams father settled woods belmont county cabin says raised covered part cracks chinked part floor laid moved christmas stick cut building cabin high ground bear wolf panther animal size cow enter squeeze green ash puncheons shrunk leave cracks floor doors inches wide doors high unsteady icy steps piling logs cut walls doors window called window largest spot top bottom sides cabin wind enter sawing log placing sticks pasting newspaper hole applying hog lard kind glazing shed beautiful mellow light cabin sun shone light entered doors cracks chimneys cabin twenty eighteen west end occupied beds center side door opposite side window clapboards supported pins driven walls shelves
furlong drawbridge moat rose slowly creaking till stood vertical fort moment settled warlike attitude rattled portcullis gate towers curtains bristled lances crossbows stern hum ran front rank spread rear halt cried leader word line halted herald gate herald spurred ranks halting twenty yards gate raised bugle herald flag hanging round blew summons tall figure brazen armor appeared gate fiery words passed herald audible import clear herald blew single keen threatening note walls galloping war face leader moved line meet heads seconds ere turned saddle shouted pioneers van moment hedges leveled force took field encamped shot walls mounted officers flying south east west friendly towns catapults palisades mantelets raw hides tar barrels carpenters provisions materials siege besiegers encamped furlong walls roads pikemen camp ready assault practicable forward sappers pioneers catapultiers crossbowmen opened siege filling moat mining breaching wall
shallow pebbly shore scarlet stood dreaming knee deep leg crested cranes pranced admiring finery irises egrets dipped bills water search prey noon slipped reigned stillness heard stillness humboldt says silence listen faintest undertones detect stifled continuous hum insects crowd air close earth confused swarming murmur hangs round bush cracked bark trees soil undermined lizards bees voice proclaiming nature breathes thousand forms swarms gaping dusty earth bosom waters air breathes soft distant murmur increasing gradully heavy roar announced nearing cataract till turning point alluvial soil rose low cliff fringed delicate ferns full sight scene paused astonishment disgust rapids grumbled thought orinoco draw canoes overland suppose worse don spray palms stop grumbling masters don cry hurt paddle largest islands let look front snow white bar foam ten feet high ranged islands black rock
loveth book says isaac barrow want faithful friend wholesome counselor cheerful companion effectual comforter study reading thinking innocently divert pleasantly entertain weathers fortunes macaulay wealth fame rank talents give told derived greatest happiness books sir trevelyan charming biography says feelings macaulay entertained minds bygone ages speak told debt incalculable guided truth filled mind noble graceful images stood vicissitudes comforters sorrow nurses sickness companions solitude friends seen faces wealth poverty glory obscurity honors possessions macaulay acquired pen knew aware titles rewards gained works balance compared pleasure derived works society london agreeable macaulay prefered breakfast dinner company sterne fielding horace walpole boswell love reading gibbon declared exchange treasures india fact macaulay main element happiness happiest lives fallen lot biographer record
length attendants queen order apparently sign wherry alongside young desired step skiff queen barge performed graceful agility fore part boat brought aft queen presence wherry dropping rear muddied cloak hung arm formed natural topic queen introduced conversation spoiled gay mantle service young thank service manner offering unusual bold sovereign need answered youth duty bold lord queen turning grave person sat answered grave inclination head mumbled assent young gallantry unrewarded wardrobe keeper orders supply suit cast service thou shalt suit newest cut promise thee word princess grace walter hesitating humble servant majesty measure bounties choose thou wouldst gold warrant queen interrupting fie young shame say capital means thriftless folly give gold youth giving fuel fire furnishing means destruction
noon white greyhound mayflower set walk beautiful sort silent fairyland creation matchless magician hoar frost snow cover earth colors sheet pure uniform white snow fallen allow hedges freed fleecy load clothed delicate coating rime atmosphere deliciously calm spite thermometer soft mild air perceptible stillness felt sky gray blue threw bold relief snow covered roofs village rimy trees rise sun shining dimly veil gave fair pale light moon stood gate looking quiet street sabbath pause play rare working audible pleasant hum frost low monotonous sound nearest approach nature absolute silence wagons hill beaten track crisp yellowish frost dust glide shadows bounding footsteps height glee speed fall snow snow comes delightful sound childish voices ringing glee merriment beneath feet shouting deep irregular pond glass slides half dozen urchins slipping tottering triumph road gay carts post chaises girls red cloaks afar looking toy coach
east coast scotland hidden quarry foot cliffs fall forward village called harvie shrunk skulked hear traveler asking lately doors village harvie throve celebrated distant thrums fish weavers thought unnatural buy harvies square muckle friday let saturday night pass laying sufficient stock half pennies round family gavin born harvie left early age recall thatched houses nets drying roofs sandy shore coarse grass grew picture pick house birth able returned village soon learned mother care speak harvie thought forgotten save scene memory guided mind wandered harvie gavin saw door home open fisherman enter scratched head drowned missis gavin women crying mother staring face suddenly painted white hear voice saying mind mother adam drowned gavin fourth birthday blown smack storm reach rope partner flung
slight shades difference religion manners habits political principles common fought triumphed independence liberty possess joint counsels joint efforts common dangers sufferings successes considerations powerfully address sensibility greatly outweighed apply immediately interest portion country finds commanding motives carefully guarding preserving union north unrestrained intercourse south protected equal laws common government finds productions additional resources maritime commercial enterprise precious materials manufacturing industry south intercourse benefiting agency north sees agriculture grow commerce expand turning partly channels seamen north finds navigation invigorated contributes ways nourish increase general mass national navigation looks forward protection maritime strength unequally adapted east intercourse west finds progressive improvement interior communications land water find valuable vent commodities brings abroad manufactures home west derives east supplies requisite growth comfort greater consequence necessity owe secure enjoyment indispensable outlets productions weight influence future maritime strength atlantic side union directed indissoluble community interest nation
piles hold began floating bridge beams blown cattle hides float soon floating sow thrust worked stream getting shot island besieged idle thrown turf rampart island shore overhanging hoardings scaffolds floor shower missles awaited attack contenting gliding reeds canoes annoying builders arrows crossbow bolts bridge finished sow safe west water thrust float reeds high tide fort touch pole english destroyed hereward bade leave watched mind event rats set trap fools break till rats safe inside huge sow lay black silent showing enemy side strong plank covered hide prevent burned lay hours hereward let lie cheerful confident play ere nightfall taught norman lesson york forgotten remind
strangest feature view platform pyramids stand completely dispels involuntary notion formed solitary abruptness pyramids speak groups distance abou sir sakara dashur platform greatest maze pyramids tombs stand surrounded traces square inclosures eastern faces approached enormous masses ruins temple whilst inclosed sides rows massive tombs look top plats stone garden short sacred frequented part vast cemetery extends western ridge twenty miles memphis going round place detail contrast present ancient disclosed inclined imagine pyramids immutable distant views true taking hand easy existing ruins conceive karnac conceive pyramidal platform smooth casing part top pyramid magnificent granite blocks form lower stages serve show top bottom brilliant white yellow limestone smooth top bottom rude disjointed masses stripped sides present glowing red granite cataract
guests farmer flamborough talkative neighbor blind piper pay visit taste gooseberry wine making lost receipt reputation harmless ways company played sing soothing ballad johnny armstrong night cruelty barbary allen night concluded manner began morning youngest boys appointed read lessons read loudest distinctest half penny sunday put poor box sunday finery sumptuary edicts restrain soever fancied lectures pride conquered vanity daughters found secretly attached finery loved laces ribbons bugles catgut wife retained passion crimson paduasoy happened say sunday behavior served mortify desired girls preceding night dressed early loved church rest congregation punctually obeyed directions assemble morning breakfast wife daughters dressed splendor hair plastered pomatum faces patched taste trains bundled heap rustling motion help smiling vanity wife expected discretion
distance multitude turned slowly round displaying face antique majesty rendered doubly venerable hoary beard descended breast gesture encouragement warning turned resumed drew advancing soldiers roll drum full ear raised loftier mien decrepitude age fall shoulders leaving gray unbroken dignity marched onward warrior step keeping military music aged form advanced side parade soldiers magistrates till scarcely twenty yards remained grasped staff middle held leader truncheon stand cried eye face attitude command solemn warlike peal voice fit rule host battlefield raised god prayer irresistible word outstretched arm roll drum hushed advancing line stood tremulous enthusiasm seized multitude stately form combining leader saint gray dimly seen ancient garb belong champion righteous drum summoned grave raised shout awe exultation looked deliverance england governor gentlemen party perceiving brought unexpected stand rode hastily forward pressed snorting affrighted horses hoary apparition
sixteen eighteen resided home left devices learned studies guidance plan ransacked father shelves dipped multitude books read interesting passed dull ordinary lad acquired knowledge dull ordinary lads interesting samuel read greek proficiency language pleasure masters attic poetry eloquence left school latinist soon acquired extensive knowledge latin literature power michael johnson support son university wealthy neighbor offered assistance reliance promises proved samuel entered pembroke college oxford young scholar presented rulers society amazed ungainly figure eccentric manners quantity extensive curious information picked months desultory unprofitable study oxford johnson resided poor raggedness appearance excited mirth pity equally intolerable haughty spirit charitable person pair shoes door spurned fury distress servile reckless ungovernable needy scholar generally seen gate pembroke gate adorned effigy haranguing circle lads spite tattered gown dirty linen wit audacity gave undisputed ascendency
obidah son abensina left caravansary early morning pursued journey plains hindostan fresh vigorous rest animated hope incited desire walked swiftly forward valleys saw hills gradually rising passed ears delighted morning song bird paradise fanned sinking breeze sprinkled dew groves spices contemplated towering height oak monarch hills caught gentle fragrance primrose eldest daughter spring senses gratified care banished heart till sun approached meridian increasing heat preyed strength looked round commodious path saw hand grove wave shades sign invitation entered found coolness verdure irresistibly pleasant forget traveling found narrow bordered flowers appeared direction main road pleased happy experiment found means unite pleasure business gain rewards diligence suffering fatigues continued walk remission ardor tempted stop music birds heat assembled shade amused plucking flowers covered banks side fruits hung branches gray eyed athene departed olympus say seat gods stands fast forever winds shaken wet rain doth snow nigh thereto clear air spread cloudless white light floats blessed gods glad days thither athene shown maiden anon throned dawn awakened nausicaa fair robes straightaway marveled dream halls tell parents father dear mother found mother sitting hearth women handmaids spinning yarn sea purple stain father met going council noble phaeacians called standing close dear father spake saying father dear couldst thou lend high wagon strong wheels goodly raiment river wash seemly thou thyself thou art princes council fresh raiment wear dear sons thine halls married single eager washed garments dances things mind
gray eyed athene departed olympus say seat gods stands fast forever winds shaken wet rain doth snow nigh thereto clear air spread cloudless white light floats blessed gods glad days thither athene shown maiden anon throned dawn awakened nausicaa fair robes straightaway marveled dream halls tell parents father dear mother found mother sitting hearth women handmaids spinning yarn sea purple stain father met going council noble phaeacians called standing close dear father spake saying father dear couldst thou lend high wagon strong wheels goodly raiment river wash seemly thou thyself thou art princes council fresh raiment wear dear sons thine halls married single eager washed garments dances things mind
say word test persons think school examinations college entrance examinations employment tests involving writing marking answers constitutes narrow view testing definition adopted principles book applied broader inclusive educational psychological test defined systematic procedure observing describing characteristics person aid numerical scale category system cf cronbach notice tests yield measurements defined previously person behavior quantitatively procedures play interview murphy preschoolers child development specialists qualify tests definition adopted child cognitive development observed wechsler pre school primary scale intelligence chapter percentile rank chapter play behavior observed categorized ego centered drive centered murphy test numerical scale describing percent children age child performance exceeded testuses category system based psychoanalytic constructs describe observed definition tests adopted broad include nearly systematic procedures school describe behavior child teacher observations questionnaires interviews class projects term papers paper pencil examinations natural assume tests designed provide information individual need states testing programs designed determine school systems attained set goals
recent public aware test abuses resulted secrecy professionals vary qualifications fact misinterpreted tests abused results decisions educational placement ostensibly basis valid objective test results later discovered biased misinterpreted invalid errors scoring occurred detected tests scrutinized greatest stake accuracy examinees tests publicly declared measure learned skills abilities examinees unable check content decide preparation adequate seek special remediation training professionals interpreted test results properly test records open persons results unprofessionally manner unauthorized detrimental examinee problems spawned renewed public interest ethics secrecy examinees number federal legislative bills proposed sunshine truth testing especially relation tests gatekeeping context admission certification law truth testing passed york required test publishers disclose admissions test items answer key copy examinee answer sheet request law amended subsequently exempt low volume tests response national testing programs curtail testing york federal legislation proposed enacted writing
median stems directly definition half scores distribution smaller half larger median median straightforward natural interpretation table shows distribution responses median response class pupils part questionnaire asking rate teacher examinations assignments grading practices medians computed procedure appendix teacher wanted summarize class ratings question median question reported numbers communicate characteristic half class rated teacher higher reported median half lower certainly median characteristic defended educationally sound goal persons believe median upper half group desirable lower half parent called school principal telephone son test scores received score report school home furious son top half class shouted sure heck didn think deserves bottom half median want summary number affected atypical extremely large small scores consider item table pupils rated teacher average outstanding pupil rated teacher poor median accurately describes bulk rating summary number pulled single low rating
discussion pre posttests assumed tests equivalent interchangeable pretests posttests want test mastery previously learned prerequisites pretest posttest wish emphasize important terminal objectives unit course instructional systems teaching view instructional systems pretest posttest considered identical interchangeable terms measure identical questions items scores interpreted equivalent interchangeable chapter discusses ways check equivalence tests develop tests interpret equivalent burden proof providing evidence equivalence rests nature evidence discussed chapter begin developing equivalent tests faithful test blueprint tests built specifications likely yield equivalent results equivalent forms built carefully matching items forms test specific objectives written mean developing items objective item test form items pair created checked equivalence content difficulty psychological process designed measure helpful mager procedure outlined figure check items match common objective introduced idea tests designed formative summative evaluation chapter
problem tendency essay test scores strongly influenced factors lower reliability lack essay test reliability major justification turning true false multiple choice tests education grades assigned pupil response vary widely reader differences grading standards reader mark essay differently factor topic subject essay pupil scores vary widely marked reader depending questions factors student ability affect scores essay tests include halo effects carry effects bluffing ability spelling penmanship grammar halo effect refers idea judgments characteristic person influenced judgments characteristics general impression person tend grade student admire leniently essay hearts student command objective topic halo effect works unadmired student marked essay correct flaw score essays concealing names pupils carryover effect occurs judgment pupil response question affects judgment pupil response question precautionary scoring procedures tendency scores adjacent questions related non adjacent questions avoid problem score question pupils score question
cloze reading exercises popular reading specialists measuring reading comprehension individual pupil readability level passage method applied follows representative reading passage selected word deleted replaced blank paragraphs remain intact pupil task read passage write blank word believed likely score number pupil supplied words exactly match original deleted words scoring variations close reading exercise shown figure cloze technique dates ebbinghaus buros taylor credited applying reading variations technique exist deal written buros lists references reviews literature alderson elley problems exist identifying procedure measures reading comprehension reconciling practical matters comparability scores passages methods deleting words teacher cautioned procedure consulting references alderson bormuth elley koslin koslin zeno wainer rankin smith taylor special procedures constructing multiple choice version cloze called maze koslin al user manual degrees reading power ceeb chapter book procedures recommend procedures previously literature maze
variety devices procedures exist facilitate systematic observation recording results including mechanical devices counters audio recorers video recorders preplanned schedules observation checklists rating scales tally sheets class participation charts forms keeping anecdotal records teacher find procedures practical classroom summarized table discussed later section seen scanning table variety recording device situations interested noting presence absence behaviors judging quality develop checklist behaviors rating scale type recording device selective permits teacher observe record important ahead nature purpose observation things decide observer pupil teachers pupil parent pupil pupil purpose observation collect information pupil area interest high interest reading assignments follow pupil person report activities interesting pupil maturity educational development limit kind rating scale checklist observing pupil manner performance process product pupil produces product important judge correct incorrect identify characteristics rate comment characteristic
learning environment created teacher conditions learning takes place kinds testing procedure depends knowing elements learning environment kind information required decision context information needed information arrive decision wasteful think type test decision context consider kinds decisions information needed testing procedures patterns adapting individual pupil differences glaser approach begin fixed set educational goals fixed standard set instructional methods pupils system tests assess initial competencies decision place pupil fixed standard instructional procedure label pupil poor risk poor learner poor learners enter special educational program mainstream program standard standard program continue demonstrate satisfactory learning repeat instruction drop approach modifies designated poor learners provided supplementary remedial instruction attempt bring initial competencies required level remedial instruction successful reentered fixed mainstream program characteristic approach approach adapts individual differences providing alternative instructional methods single fixed method characterizes approaches
cover page advantage keeping receive booklet beginning test rest class teacher answered clarifying questions grouping items type format true false multiple choice matching advantageous items arranged manner examinee change mental sets exam form order reduce inadvertent errors caused switching format experts recommend items order difficulty levels easiest items pupils easiest items quickly reserve remaining test difficult items arrange items according sequence content taught appeared textbook pupils subject matter organization kind cognitive map retrieve stored information test items sequential arrangement encourage students skip items experience difficulty subsequent items easier encourage students course return omitted items test directions minimum information items test format allowed complete test answers written penalty incorrect guesses general strategy examinee follow answering questions examinees guess think answer unsure answer items omit
normalized standard score scales discussed specific group stanines stanford diagnostic reading test figure specific grade children national standardization sample content survey test batteries spans grades say score scale batteries link tests grade levels score scale pupils growth reflected scores pupil place percentile grade grade grade pupil growing skills knowledge location distribution reflected percentile rank change pupil group progressing grades percentile rank remaining reflect growth similarly score determined separately grade level remain nearly say pupil fact exhibited educational growth ruler scale scores extending wide range grades pupil progress measured publishers refer type score variety names obtained scale score california achievement tests scale score comprehensive tests basic skills extended standard score gates reading tests standard score iowa tests basic skills metropolitan achievement tests growth scale values iowa tests educational development general term absolute scaled score applied procedures
reliability refers consistency test scores test scores inconsistent persons behaviors unstable varying unpredictably moment moment occasion occasion sample test items content observation procedures vary persons procedures employed scoring inconsistent implies interpreting test scores need understanding sources factors inconsistency consistent measurement condition high quality educational psychological testing scores test inconsistent exhibiting large fluctuations sample performance teacher valid basis scores decide student general status entire performance domain condition test score valid acceptable degree reliability realistically expect test yield perfectly consistent reliable scores degree reliability test scores diminishes degree validity note reliability condition valid test scores sufficient condition discuss validity greater length chapter note observe behavior consistency observation entirely invalid making inference intended observe consistency extreme hand pupil write arithmetic computations consistent observation valid basis inferring student computational skill reliability test scores affects quality decisions suppose teacher sets passing mastery score test
teacher expected conduct extensive studies validate interpretations test scores test developers test publishers expected provide information test manual concerning intended interpretation theoretical basis extent intended interpretation substantiated apa kind research program underlying achievement test listed additional readings end book limits developer publisher provide unreasonable expect exhaustive evidence aspects construct validity counter interpretations desirable test manual provide data extent test scores influenced constructs developer intends apa professional teachers need deal judgment interpreting test results terms constructs taught teaching methods courses validity interpretations reading comprehension mathematical ability intelligence open question group students possibility bias test content testing process pupils form part construct interpretation tests teacher overly cautious avoid test interpretations entirely teacher sensitivity awareness strengths limitations tests willingness examine tests carefully consider reasonable counter interpretations test performance students professional journals deal measurement topics current developments substansive area tests resources reading help teacher informed additional discussion construct validity found chapter
common scholastic aptitude test scores piece information process identifying gifted talented pupils scholastic aptitude test determiner results course narrow conception students gifts talents characteristics included broad definition gifted talented general mental ability aptitude specific academic subject creative thinking ability ability lead aptitude visual performing art ability outstanding psychomotor accomplishments marland pupils accomplished areas unlikely equally strong areas measure obtained scholastic aptitude test basis identifying gifted talented youngsters inappropriate students scoring high tests general school ability high aptitude learning subject students obtain high general school ability test scores ways educator takes group students high iqs places accelerated mathematics class students lag lack high aptitude mathematics iq stanley teachers unaware high iq score necessarily imply pupil high aptitude specific subject misdiagnose problem accuse lag poorly motivated stanley related issue standardized multiple choice achievement tests measure information subject identify students unusually high ability apply knowledge wide variety situations deep understanding abstract concepts subject gallagher
reviewing definitions career interests cole hanson concluded career interests aspects constellation likes dislikes leading consistent pattern types behaviors involve mix genetic environmental certainly related environmental influences explanations interest relate satisfaction activities derived clear explication link interests satisfaction problem link measured interests job satisfaction remains central problem interest measurement technology pp interest inventories type section view concept interests narrowly limited vocational interests career interests career interests narrowed super distinguished expressed manifested tested inventoried interests expressed interests obtained persons asked directly interests interests person verbally professes asked directly express person true preferences youngster express interest say doctor perceived parents expect child teenager say wants prostitute nun matter reaction parents manifested interests deduced person actually activities person actually engages deductions person interests activities subject error observers conclude girl interested athletics participates junior high track team later find wants friends school
broad categories methods assessing personality dimensions projective techniques structured techniques projective techniques present examinee number ambiguous stimuli invite examinee respond stimuli means assumed subject projects needs press responses ambiguous stimuli bellak examples projective personality tests rorschach test thematic apperception test tat sentence completion tests figure drawing tests rorschach test consists presenting cards inkblots printed subject subject asked tell inkblot means describe things seen inkblot psychologist analyzes content responses process manner subject responds result analysis psychologist generates hypotheses subject personality dynamics explored confirmed rejected subsequent interview sessions tat pictures structured rorschach inkblots showing surrealistic pictures scenes involving persons subject asked tell story picture happened event pictured happening moment characters feelings story end psychologist analyzes content story terms murray personality theory needs press generating hypotheses subject personality exploration interviews sentence completion techniques ask examinee complete sentences related aspects interpersonal relations compared families mine results content analyses similarly generate hypotheses subject personality
study living things called scientists biologists scientists seek answers questions nature space travel affect humans living things ancient chinese technique called acupuncture reduce pain cells result cancer dinosaurs die millions ago diverse topics part science science divided number fields zoology study animals term zoology comes greek word zoios means animal words greek word kind living thing zoologist figure studying botany field science study plants botanist figure checking plants insect pests botany zoology oldest fields science study animals plants science began ago fields science began recent times microbiology study forms small seen microscope study begin recently zoology botany ecology study relationships living things surroundings surroundings include living things nonliving things water air ecologists figure studying science divided fields based study structure function living things anatomy study structure form living things physiology study living things function knowledge science ways scientists learn heart attacks prevent
living things tiny eyes scientists tools help observe objects events senses detect important tools science microscope microscope device observe objects small seen unaided eye object small called microscopic seen object viewed microscope called image types microscopes simple microscope single lens hand lens magnifying glass shown figure simple microscope type microscope commonly compound microscope microscope lenses lens produces enlarged magnified image object lens magnifies image figure shows compound microscope notice function labeled part function fine adjustment diaphragm control simple compound microscopes called light microscopes light produce enlarged image lenses light microscope light rays bend bending light rays results magnified image object powerful light microscope produce image times larger object viewed amount magnification shown number means image times larger object viewed early kind microscope called electron microscope invented electron microscope beams electrons beams light produce enlarged image
visited doctor office noticed doctor records health keeping medical information order date job medical records clerk information past illnesses allergies family medical history patient records included test results illnesses treated medical records clerks files accurately mistakes patient care occur medical records clerks type file records clerks add information learned medical records clerks computers medical records clerks high school diploma office skills certificate required interested career typing business courses high school kind information seeking asked librarian help librarian familiar resources library libraries specialized science resources libraries science journals books references science magazines science library doctors researchers students science librarian helps resources science library important part job helping find needed information science librarians college degree science additional degree library science interested career science courses high school dr stephen gould paleontologist studies history scientific method learning animals plants dr gould investigates kinds organisms changed scientists gathered evidence shows living things change
yeasts mushrooms molds examples fungi fungus pl fungi organism lacks chlorophyll produces spores absorbs food living living things fungi classified plants plantlike traits move cells cell walls fungi differ plants number ways fungi lack chlorophyll food cell walls fungi materials plants fungi animals food living things fungi animals fungi traits plants animals separate kingdom kingdom fungi fungi digest food differently animals fungi release chemicals called enzymes food source enzymes break large molecules food smaller molecules fungi absorb digested food method getting food animals animal food digested enzymes inside animal body food fungus digested enzymes body fungus fungi absorb food living things remains living things fungi grow warmth moisture damp soil found inside tissues animals plants fungi live organisms taking food harming parasites recall organism remains dead organisms food called saprobe saprobes things dead leaves rotting wood food fungi saprobes actions help dead materials building environment fungi divided main groups
closely examined groceries bought noticed meats amounts fat canned fruits added juice job food laboratory technicians sure food quality high conduct tests determine food quality food lab technicians run tests foods free bacteria safe eat tuna fish seafoods mercury ocean water food lab technician tests foods check mercury food lab technicians government food companies food lab technicians college degree science interested career courses biology chemistry high school yeasts important fungi bakers course bakers cooking baking understand biology chemistry materials yeasts carry respiration break sugar give carbon dioxide gas carbon dioxide gas released makes bread rise baker sugar add warm yeast sure bread rises properly bakers pastries breads bakeries groceries restaurants bakers receive job training learn skills experienced bakers cooking schools offer courses baking interested career benefit courses biology home economics high school dr hattie alexander medical doctor microbiologist microbiologist scientist studies bacteria types microscopic organisms dr alexander interested influenzal meningitis disease caused bacterium
stem organ supports leaves reproductive organs plant carries food water minerals parts plant vascular tissue inside stem transports materials stems green food photosynthesis plant stems store food main kinds stems stem soft green bends easily called herbaceous stem annuals dandelions marigolds petunias herbaceous stems woody stem stem large amounts xylem cells thick cell walls perennials trees shrubs woody stems plants grow taller increase diameter herbaceous stems xylem phloem tissues grouped vascular bundles vascular bundle strand tissue xylem phloem strings celery stalk vascular bundles vascular bundles extend plant roots stem leaves addition transporting water minerals food vascular bundles provide support plant woody stems xylem phloem series rings figure shows section woody stem notice outermost layer bark bark protective layer tissue inside layer bark phloem tissue carries food center stem consists rings xylem tissue transports water xylem phloem cambium cambium layer dividing cells produce xylem phloem cells cells produced stem develop phloem cells
flies ants grasshoppers bees butterflies insects insect arthropod pairs joined legs insects largest class arthropods insect species account thirds animal species large ant shown figure stands large number insect species octopus represents species invertebrates tiny horse stands number vertebrate species species insects represented ant figure number invertebrate species vertebrate species times larger number insect species number vertebrate species insects successful class arthropods understand reasons success helpful learn insects arthropods body insect main parts figure locate body parts grasshopper head thorax abdomen look closely head figure notice mouth parts attached head locate mandibles mandibles pair jaws chewing grasshoppers cut chew plants grasshopper bites jaws move sideways insects mouth structures mouth parts specialized kind food type insect eats insects feelers antennae head antenna pl antennae sense organ found arthropods antennae insects function senses touch smell antennae function taste hearing insects grasshopper types eyes
fish cold blooded vertebrate lives water gills breathing fish species vary greatly size shape traits differences kinds fish traits fish common bodies fish sleek streamlined shape fish swims water tends flow curves body helps fish move water fins trait fish fins winglike structures balance control movement swimming types fins occur pairs types occur singly majority fish scales fish scales overlapping flat plates cover animal body provide protection number scales fish remains scale grows larger fish grows figure fish scale growth rings growth rings similar found tree trunks circulatory system fish advanced compared invertebrates simplest vertebrates circulatory system includes heart blood vessels figure shows chambers fish heart chamber larger muscular larger chamber pumps blood body follow flow blood fish looking figure blood pumped large chamber heart large blood vessel gills blood low oxygen waste gas carbon dioxide blood enters gills gills organs absorb oxygen dissolved water
bats mammals fly wings bat formed arms fingers joined thin smooth skin bats sleep hunt food night bats dark fly night bumping objects bats unusual sensing objects flies bat sends high pitched sounds hit surrounding objects echoes return objects large ears bat detects echoes senses location objects bats find insects types food rodents largest group mammals rats mice squirrels beavers hamsters belong order rodents rodents sharp chisel shaped teeth gnawing cutting rodents eat parts woody plants unusual trait rodents incisors continue grow animal lives inset figure shows incisors beaver advantages incisors continue grow rodentlike mammals order mammals developed hind legs animals include pika shown figure running jumping rabbits hares belong order small plant eating mammals differ rodents number cutting teeth rodents incisors rabbits hares incisors aquatic mammals order mammals adapted water whales porpoises dolphins belong group aquatic mammals streamlined bodies hind limbs fins flippers
ages fossils section scientists fossil ways scientists find age fossil important method involves measurement radioactive elements fossil radioactive element element atoms change kinds atoms giving energy particles process energy particles released called radioactivity radioactive elements find age fossil called radioactive dating atoms radioactive element release energy atoms changed radioactive atoms decay change atoms element rate radioactive element decays half half length takes half atoms radioactive element change carbon radioactive form carbon half carbon words half sample carbon change half remaining amount change look figure original sample carbon remain living things percent carbon living thing dies amount carbon starts decrease decay scientists find age fossil measuring amount carbon half carbon measuring age fossils radioactive elements longer half lives dating older fossils potassium half billion
seen photographs wild oxen breeding modern species cows developed older species animal breeders developed types farm animals studying traits oxen carefully selecting animals breed animal breeders improve animal breeds produced cattle yield meat cows give milk chickens lay eggs animals resistant types diseases animal breeders farms ranches special farms run government universities animal breeders trained farms receive college degree advanced degree interested career biology chemistry courses high school learned lot traits inherited patterns inheritance determined geneticists researchers study inheritance geneticists small organisms bacteria yeasts information obtain organisms applied organisms geneticists plan carry experiments record analyze results geneticists working crops developed improved varieties foods corn wheat hybrid fruits vegetables produced geneticists government universities industries training varies includes college degree biology genetics advanced degree required jobs interested traits inherited career geneticist biology chemistry courses high school dr barbara mcclintock geneticist won nobel prize began ago scientists accept dr mcclintock results conclusions recently
learned mechanical digestion breaks food small pieces cells nutrients broken chemical digestion figure shows type digestion takes place main digestive organs chemical digestion food simpler substances according figure fats broken proteins broken carbohydrates broken chemical digestion takes place presence special liquids called digestive enzymes digestive enzyme substance chemically breaks nutrient digestive enzymes digestive organ set enzymes look figure organs enzymes digest protein enzyme acts nutrients digestive enzymes act proteins act fats digestive enzymes produced stomach small intestine glands produce digestive enzymes glands produce digestive enzymes called digestive glands glands attached digestive organs small tubes ducts food move ducts enzymes move ducts organs food digested recall mechanical digestion begins mouth action saliva chemical digestion begins mouth saliva liquid digestive enzyme begins chemical digestion starch saliva produced salivary glands glands shown figure saliva breaks starch sugar chewed cracker seconds swallowing noticed sweet taste sweet taste result saliva breaking starch sugar chemical digestion continues stomach stomach gastric glands
water biomes cover earth surface major types water biomes marine freshwater marine biome oceans water marine biome percent salt freshwater biome bodies water lakes rivers percent salt marine biome larger land freshwater biomes put covers percent earth limiting factors determine organisms live biome factors salinity light temperature pressure salinity amount salt water salinity parts oceans vary light temperature pressure vary salinity light temperature decrease depth water increases pressure increases depth figure shows major zones marine biome locate intertidal zone ocean shore organisms zone live constantly changing environment covered water high tide exposed air low tide able survive temperature salinity find shore zone continental shelf light zone support wide variety organisms small organisms microscopic float swim surface water called plankton phytoplankton small plants carry photosynthesis organisms sea depend phytoplankton food microscopic animals called zooplankton zooplankton feed phytoplankton microscopic animals animals shrimps oysters mussels small fish feed plankton squid larger fish sharks feed small animals
think ways energy resources electric light today school gasoline powered car bus energy produce clothing wear products energy needed human activities comes burning fossil fuels fossil fuels coal oil natural gas fuels formed millions remains living things ago dead organisms buried particles rock soil remains organisms pressure high temperatures millions changed living things fuels fossil fuels formed forming slow rate considered nonrenewable resources quickly replaced fuels recycled scientists trying find fuels place fossil fuels fossil fuels need conserve resources conserve fossil fuels energy efficiently machines appliances designed power amount fuel lot cars today amount fuel cars ago appliances shown figure energy saving features save fossil fuels simply mass transportation systems driving cars energy figure left shows modern system mass transportation miami florida carpooling reduce fossil fuel
city areas crowded pattern traffic flow recreation areas located questions urban planner answers urban planners plan design areas cities goal benefit city environment urban planning needed ensure land conservation housing developments parks areas planned planners architects engineers city government individuals private businesses urban planners college degree advanced degree study sociology urban studies background architecture interested career courses biology sociology mathematics high school camping national park noticed presence park rangers park rangers ensure safety park park rangers answer questions park wildlife living park sure wildlife harmed park recreation check habitats damaged park rangers college degree biology natural resources management candidates pass additional examination park outdoors interested career park ranger courses biology earth science high school dr eugene odum pioneer modern ecology ecologist studied succession abandoned cornfields dr odum knew small plants soon grew fields knew larger plants shrubs finally trees replace smaller grew
scientists start sort guess answer problem set test guess prove true false scientific guess called hypothesis scientists experiments experiment activity scientist test hypothesis famous experiment took place italy nearly ago italian named galileo statement objects fall objects dropped height fall speed important argued heavy objects fall faster lighter showed books prove galileo took iron balls weighed times dropped leaning tower pisa fell side side hit ground balls fallen speed galileo happen tried kind experiment result forced agree galileo fig galileo experiment simple important educated notice firsthand finding answers wanted experiment find answer need depend books opinions galileo scientist deal advance science showed experiments observations famous experiment took place frenchman named louis pasteur developed vaccine thought vaccine sheep getting disease called anthrax
basic energy making food molecules cell called carbohydrates carbohydrates carbon hydrogen oxygen hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms water carbohydrates forms starches sugars form changed easily form carbohydrate interested simple sugar called glucose sugar sugar coffee tea formula glucose living things change large starch sugar molecules simple glucose plant animal cells need glucose plants glucose special process animals glucose carbohydrates found plants animals serve food protoplasm chemical action power carry comes chemical energy important material supplies chemical energy cells glucose glucose atom atom process cell respiration respiration occurs mitochondria cells cell respiration compared burning burns unites oxygen energy released glucose unites oxygen glucose molecules release energy say respiration oxidation chemicals food sugar simply burned give energy form heat heat cell cell respiration releases energy sugar molecule
dyes show detail nucleus cells nucleus grainy texture cell ready divide appearance strands nuclear material clearly visible called chromosomes present thin seen cell ready divide cell preparing divide chromosomes coil shorter thicker form seen properly stained chromosomes tiny units called genes genes control cell activities control heredity individual cells divide cells able things genes control activities cell cell receive genes study cell division watch happens nucleus controls cell activities nucleic acids nucleus help direct cell processes genes nucleic acids genes nucleus control production enzymes cytoplasm think gene controlling production kind enzyme remember enzyme controls chemical activity cell genes control cell organisms kinds genes living cell collection genes parent cell let happens genes nucleus divides important characteristic gene ability exact copy cell divide gene genes
trait called mutation type gene keeps duplicating producing trait change heredity trait dominant recessive case double thumbs dominant gene mutates form improvement cases mutations harmful early death body higher plant animal complicated machine works plant animal species able survive mutations happen chance accidental change harmful harmful early death takes place end mutation passed generation harmful mutations survive easily happen inherited recessive traits suppose instance mutation physical defect defect inherited recessive trait individual genes defect develop handicap individual die early live fail produce offspring individual genes develop defect individual likely survive produce offspring offspring inherit mutated gene gene passed generation generation knows suppose carrying hidden gene marry chance children inherit gene parents children develop defect explains human defects show population
breeding raising pets plants unusual hobby knowledge unique directions pet sitting neighbors friends vacation business walking dogs routine basis urban areas turned profit spring chicks rabbits ducks raised sale increasing concern expressed care seasonal pets consumers animals survival sellers simply market quick profit knowledgeable seller helpful potential consumer business projects gain experience offering care sick neighbor pet walk elderly person dog service experience course organizations scouts provide opportunities raising animal showing competition planting tending garden matter small source relaxation learning food going planting harvest teaches seed varieties soil conditions weather problems stages plant development knowledge applied helping energy job learned course everyday school realize extent knowledge label job related review experience home chore community service leisure activity paying job called discussed school book
nearly half united states canada covered forests fig large part forests cleared farming forest areas remaining forests provide place live types wildlife supply lumber future plant animal species destroyed forest fires chapter fires conservation failures avoided study ways insure future survival forests wildlife united states canada forest regions fig forest reaches alaska canada huge area north south arctic tundra trees big growth slow cold climate fig large forest region reached east coast prairies forest grew soil cleared room farmlands forest remains slopes eastern mountains remains woodlots woodlot part farm left trees maple beech ash oak hickory trees growing eastern hardwood region lumber trees mainly making floors furniture woodwork tool handles fig south large areas sandy soil forest longleaf pine loblolly pine slash pine trees grow yellow pine lumber sold today comes south
fourth group protozoa spore formers members group move protozoa receive fact form spores cell divides tiny cells scattered spread species environments spore formers parasites live animals known malaria fig carried mosquitoes lack ability swim matter mosquitoes carry parasites host protozoa live water problem water dries live rain comes fills pond protozoa phyla solve problem forming heavy wall called cyst protozoan inside cyst food active cyst keeps cell drying cyst water protozoan breaks resumes active protozoa form limestone oil deposits bottom sea layers sea floor part dry land oil building stone speak importance group living things mean importance humans interested fit living community effect living things important protozoa links food chains
taxonomy science classification form recreation collecting classifying things butterflies bugs insects specimens plant sharpen eye variations species teach lessons classification observation similarities differences famous collections samples plant display botanical museum harvard university massachusetts precision beauty handblown glass flowers exact replicas actual plants draw thousands visitors starts person interest source information home aquarium offers opportunity collect living varieties marine unique number species enclosed small area aquarium small ecosystem studied easily interesting results glance focus leisure activities bacteria yeast look revises impression breadmaking source enjoyment pride today commercial bakery products supply bulk country bread making loaf unusual effort women home cheesemaking unusual commercial production milk reduced kinds bacteria enzymes present milk culture making difficult impossible produce cheese home making yogurt home popular special equipment marketed end yeast home brewing beer spirits family consumption traditional recipes knowledge processes fermentation handed generation generation
types stems found seed plants kinds stem structures vascular plants roots vary roots structure grow club mosses horsetails ferns seed plants main job roots absorb water dissolved minerals soil anchor plant large tree thick trunk bend wind imagine strength roots hold force big roots tree look stems covered bark food carrying vascular tissue bark wood laid growth rings cambium lies bark wood course buds root bark covered roots absorb liquids young delicate branch roots job respect roots stems grow leaves found growth stem plant grow stem season young roots absorb water growth roots growth length root takes place tip centimeter tip growth length trees roots grow thickness small plants live roots thick cells root tip grow divide repeat division increase size develops pressure drive root tip forward soil
starfish left exposed air tide soon water rise cover starfish members echinoderm phylum echinoderms strange bodies formed similar parts arranged circle method movement found phylum nearly sort spines bodies fact word echinoderm means spiny skinned starfish head circle arms center body center stomach opens small mouth underside animal skeleton starfish small plates hard lime plates connected softer material animal flexible short spines body parts skeleton spines covered thin layer living material inside animal body cavity extends arms liquid cavity seawater liquid carries dissolved foods oxygen body motion cilia line body cavity circulatory system starfish upper surface spines bulges thin membranes oxygen molecules diffuse membranes body cavity starfish bulges simple form gill respiratory system starfish starfish moves tube feet hundreds flexible tubes lined grooves underside arm outer end tube foot acts suction cup
field animal husbandry college degree technical training able obtain help give competitive edge market approximately zoos aquariums united states qualify animal keeper maintains surroundings feeds animals observes behavior order aware irregularities extended experience animals summer farm veterinarian willingness minor chores openings obviously greater qualifications terms formal education chances market information write american association zoological parks aquariums oglebay park wheeling va animal keepers circuses carnivals situations staff hired maintenance research laboratories staff purposes exciting offer opportunity gain experience learn animal behavior observation retail businesses kinds exist support maintain domestic animals feed companies nonfood pet supply stores pet grooming salons talent agencies promote animal acts animal photographers animal trainers animal therapists public agencies humane society aspca shelters part staffed volunteers members organizations involved publicity fund raising public relations marketing skills ability resourceful primary importance jobs ideas read jobs involve working cooperation animal instance mounted police officers horses order accomplish jobs maintaining crowd control
ground living primates survived special inherited traits group travel thought trait inherited primate ancestors ground danger flesh eaters group cooperation meeting danger important fossils suggest ground living primates ape heads faces human type bodies scientists believe behavior partly human partly animal shouts calls real language young watch learn tool making things learning important part social structure learning ability important trait individuals adapt quickly situations fossils development slowed ground living primate level reached change million group ground living primates developed larger bodies heavier teeth eaten mainly plant foods require chewing group died completely million ago million ago stone tools began simple pebble tools stones side broken give sharp edge stone scrape stick sharp point cut large animal separate scrape fibers twisted rope woven baskets tools common type called hand ax chipped sides form tool making stone tools mark point ground living primates began develop human level behavior brain larger fossils show steady increase size
recent studies show marijuana harmless drug mounting evidence marijuana smoking effects produces steady personality developed strong pattern usage smoking joints individuals trance known burn outs lost desire smoke marijuana studies continued marijuana lower body resistance disease interfere formation antibodies scientists investigating effects marijuana pituitary gland marijuana affect hormones produced gland marijuana effects development reproduction marijuana smoking hinders person judgment driving ability large percentage traffic accidents caused drivers smoking marijuana influence marijuana drive abused drugs manufactured illegally dishonest called underground laboratories means standards chemicals controls quality safety drug person times vary content strength means effects user vary reason dangerous chemicals pcp angel dust drugs illegally hallucinogen appears forms pill capsule form swallowed powder sprinkled marijuana smoked
tobacco dried shredded leaves tobacco plant war tobacco mainly form pipe tobacco cigars snuff chewing tobacco cigarette manufacturing began early billion cigarettes manufactured united states today billion cigarettes manufactured sold ago public health doctors began notice increase number deaths lung cancer lung cancer rare disease began common seventeen times deaths lung cancer studies begun find guess breathed lungs causing cancers past thousands studied find medical scientists checked kinds air pollution found factory smoke car exhaust irritate lungs increase lung cancer rate main turned tars chemicals found cigarette smoke person lights cigarette things happen tobacco cigarette burn due oxygen air burning forms smoke cigarette ash cigarette ash knocked enter body smoke passes person mouth throat windpipe smoke travels branches windpipe lungs cigarette smoke nicotine tars fifteen gases gases irritate tissue mouth throat lungs
jobs careers related needs human biology varied numerous impossible mention note powers senses enhanced skills technicians learn trade job assistants apprentices developments electronic music advanced sound systems created jobs called sound management electronic acoustical auditory expertise important sound technician able understand adjust components system understand sound moves design space loud soft sound order sound distortion minimum damaging ears listeners training electronics knowledge basic physics biology ear helpful services lighting technician theater television film studio geared similar purpose help eye perceive clearly effect intended artists directors electrical knowledge understanding color lighting design essential job learning begin helping school community theater productions helping missing senses focus professions teachers teach signing mechanics speech hear teachers braille help persons blind read involved replacing body parts lost accident injury illness making prostheses artificial devices replace missing parts body large industry skills backgrounds depending designed
america settlers hunters siberia cold part northern asia scientists believe hunters big game animals land bridge alaska land bridge served gateway american continents million ago weather northern half earth changed greatly temperatures grew colder snow fell melt summer icy hard piled huge sheets ice called glaciers glaciers moved slowly land period called ice age north covered ice sea water froze form glaciers water level seas dropped map shows place happened ice age narrow waterway strait bering chukchi seas ice age strait shallow places dried completely dry places formed land bridge north america scientists think land bridge existed end ice age asia found ago group group moved bridge unexplored continent north america passed alaska western canada ice age ended ago weather changed glaciers melted seas slowly rose land bridge covered water passed explored americas took thousands settle land
american history samuel morison love love sailing morison found combine interests historian wrote sea battles explorers christopher columbus sailors born boston massachusetts samuel morison grew places important harvard university atlantic ocean harvard student later taught spent sailing atlantic routes famous explorers writing book columbus instance morison sailed caribbean islands columbus visited boat size columbus ships trip morison crew columbus journal guide observed weather conditions sea location stars night sailed spain times checked saw columbus records morison hoped help write accurately columbus voyages morison book columbus received famous award pulitzer prize war ii morison officer navy saw major sea battle united states ships took part wrote books navy war ii samual morison wrote books colonial united states died thought greatest historians united states
indians northwest coast indians north america totem poles tribes chinook klikitat nootka carvers totem poles canoes masks boxes toys wood totem poles largest carved objects totem pole told story knew story told learn story reading totem pole figures poles represented animals commonly shown animals beavers seals bears killer whales birds snakes figure pole parts animals figure fins show fish caught fish wing stand bird claw sharp teeth stand bear wolf figure top pole important stood family tribe owned pole kinds totem poles kind totem pillar help support roof building funeral totems honor dead memorial totems showed respect dead leader represented family leader totems largest important totem poles memorial poles meters feet tall family totems showed family ancestry poles part entrance family house hole totem pole door house welcoming totem poles greeted guests arrived indian settlement sea river
massachusetts especially upset blockade boston harbor farmers area began organizing practice shooting marching called minutemen ready fight minute notice british leaders discovered minutemen storing extra guns gunpowder lexington concord night april british soldiers marched lexington boston british traveled night hoped avoid fighting colonists british leaders thought able find stored weapons leave colonists knew happened colonial spies found british planned march colonists arranged warning system tower north church boston colonist lanterns signal british coming paul revere william dawes samuel prescott rode warn colonists lived nearby british reached lexington minutemen waiting suddenly fired fighting minutemen killed british marched concord concord british found minutemen waiting shooting british began retreating boston minutemen waiting trees stone walls bright red coats british soldiers easy targets minutemen colonists shot british soldiers road boston minutemen shown fight mighty british army june colonists tried daring move middle night large force colonists climbed hill bunker hill overlooking boston harbor spent night digging trenches putting guns
created design american flag stories flag beginnings according tale led george washington designed flag decided sample asked expert seamstress woman sews chose betsy ross philadelphia planned star points ross showed cut pointed star star flag today doubt story true betsy ross flags banners story credit design francis hopkinson signer declaration independence fact hopkinson bill congress asking paid designs flag paid congress hopkinson person helped design flag congress say designers thing june congress met philadelphia carry business government matters discussed resolution flag country resolution read resolved flag thirteen united states thirteen stripes alternate red white union thirteen stars white blue field resolution passed law united states official flag law say big field blue wide stripes say arrange stars flagmakers sorts flags
middle land west appalachian mountains rich wilderness hunting ground cherokee shawnee american indians bear buffalo deer wild turkey plentiful colonists eager claim land person helped open west daniel boone scout hunter settler wilderness pioneer daniel boone grew pennsylvania later family moved north carolina frontier frontier edge settled area borders unsettled area young boone heard stories kentucky wilderness appalachians boone friends decided explore kentucky spent months trail paths eventually led opening mountains called cumberland gap boon finally saw kentucky thought looked paradise land covered trees buffalo bears deer ran fields daniel boone spent kentucky exploring beautiful land hunting returned east tales beauty land seen richard henderson businessman hired boone build road cumberland gap kentucky group strong armed axes guns boone headed west road boone built called wilderness road cut mountains leaving southwest open settlement wilderness road steep narrow places barely wide single horse rider
painters colonial america imitated style subjects european painting painted portraits important events early group painters living york tried painted scenes forests valleys low mountains hudson river pictures showed beauty land river painters sense pride country kind painting known hudson river school approach encouraged artists paint pictures unspoiled land paintings gave look land west appalachian mountains american indians lived george catlin white person paint american indians west daily activities traveled midwest living plains indians painting pictures painters east europe paint west karl bodmer france foreign artist painted american indians alfred jacob miller painted cowhands plains indians riding horseback charles marion russell real westerner worked ranch hand paintings western range true cowhands westerners bought art real albert bierstadt painted rocky mountains charles schreyvogel painted western lands american indians paintings artists showed land spirit early west
attack fort sumter president lincoln called volunteer soldiers soldiers needed train congressmen demanded action south union troops ready ordered fight southerners major battle war july fought northern virginia creek called bull run thought battle war rode watch road jammed carriages full troops soldiers stopped pick berries armies met bull run mood changed guns blazed soldiers died southern troops easily defeated union army clear north going give sides soon realized going short war full glory easy victories war going demand courage sacrifices northerners southerners alike sides advantages felt help win war north soldiers supplies transportation south generals fighting home ground robert lee greatest soldier civil war commanded southern armies lee virginia spent army outbreak civil war president lincoln asked lee command union troops lee loved united states believe slavery felt fight neighbors virginia
lincoln plan reconstruction south simple give amnesty pardon southerners oath loyalty united states important leaders confederacy denied amnesty held responsible broken law states allowed rejoin united states tenth voters oath loyalty lincoln died vice president andrew johnson pesident johnson presidency thirteenth amendment constitution passed amendment outlawed slavery parts united states johnson plan reconstruction similar lincoln johnson plan southern states original vote secede united states accept thirteenth amendment johnson grant amnesty confederates swear oath loyalty united states president johnson plan southern states free elect representatives legislatures southern governments acted quickly restrict freedom blacks passed laws called black codes laws prevented blacks voting living places working jobs news black codes northerners angry slavery abolished blacks south johnson plan allowed southern states elect representatives congress elected congress south leaders confederacy congressmen south faced unfriendly welcome washington northern western members congress refused let southerners seats
industry grew united states nation cities businesses built factories cities cities provided factory owners local markets goods transportation distant markets cities attracted immigrants newcomers united states providing factory owners workers needed young americans born farms small towns cities find kinds exciting places live cities united states united states urban nation nation cities cities grew quickly prepare growth immigrants needed places live city homes turned rooming houses ease housing shortage small buildings torn place builders put tenements crowded apartment houses early tenements poorly built rooms windows blocks buildings pipes supply fresh water rid waste water sewage winter tenements heat lived tenements cities poor live crowded area city poor housing called slum cities grew slums diseases spread rapidly slums partly drinking water unclean partly overcrowding outbreaks disease officials cities realize slums dangerous cities passed laws water lines built carry water parts city
united states grown mighty nation united states business interests countries business leaders thought united states involved affairs nations americans thought country help spread democracy nations wanted peoples free independednt able choose governments united states small country states million lived farms small villages frontier united states slowly moving west united states stretched kilometers miles atlantic ocean pacific ocean million lived states half lived cities worked factories offices united states industrial nation took months travel ship atlantic ocean europe steamships crossing week telegraph messages underwater cable reach europe news stories cuba caught interest americans cuba spanish colony fighting independence americans sympathized cuban patriots upset news spanish mistreating cubans addition americans invested million cuban sugar industry wanted support cuba order protect investment leading newspapers york city competing sell papers papers journal printed news stories exaggerated based rumor
decade called roaring twenties tremendous excitement roaring times change filled called wonderful nonsense later remembered americans fun automobile popular united states car invented nearly earlier cars expensive reliable henry ford produced practical car called model called ford car tin lizzie shook rattled sputtered worked tin lizzie looked black box wheels bought cars million model sold model forever easy fix spare parts ready simple install cars lightweight important roads united states paved roads turned mud rain model stuck mud easily pulled henry ford achievement making car afford model cost days cheap ford assembly line cut costs put assembly line factory price model cheapest car road model rolled assembly line seconds price henry ford lot ideas announced pay workers
canada gained full independence britain canada member commonwealth nations commonwealth group nations includes britain british colonies commonwealth nations help trade defense agreements independence canada remained close britain official head canadian government queen elizabeth britain queen power canada permitted choose governor general represent canada governor general powers ceremonial canada united states democracy parliament makes laws canada parliament congress houses house commons senate house commons important house members house commons elected canada canadian age vote national elections members senate chosen governor general national election leader party wins seats house commons called form government leader winning party prime minister prime minister canada president executive government form government prime minister chooses cabinet advisers parliament house commons cabinet ministers help parliament write pass canada laws important law pass parliament prime minister resign call elections largest political parties canada liberal party progressive conservative party
rosario castellanos born mexico city grew comitan small town border mexico guatemala indians live area comitan descendants ancient mayas young girl rosario castellanos cared indian nurse nurse learned legends beliefs indian rosario castellanos sixteen moved mexico city college university mexico later traveled spain studied university madrid rosario castellano wanted write mexico especially wanted tell indians young woman indian bureau southern mexico began writing poems stories indian rosario castellanos published balun canan title indian site town comitan stands told point view girl describes conflict indians whites sugar plantation comitan balun canan voted mexican rosario castellano wrote novels stories family album book short stories women called cooking lesson tells troubles mexican housewife white head moving story lonely aging widow rosario castellanos wrote power feeling mexico writers addition awards writing chosen serve nation ambassador israel
europeans discovered south america home indian tribes highlands andes home inca indians incas ruled empire ran southern colombia central chili built roads bridges farmed cutting terraced fields steep hillsides andes incas jewelry tools gold silver copper christopher columbus european reach south america landed mouth orinoco river claimed land spain explorers portugal soon arrived south america pedro cabral claimed large areas brazil portugal francisco pizarro led spanish conquest incas pizarro captured king incas held ransom ransom paid inca king killed anyway south america conquered europeans south america divided european colonies brazil colony portugal rest south america controlled spain indians south america put plantations mines blacks africa brought slaves south america south america remained european control early colonies south america fought won independence leaders fight independence simon bolivar victories led independence bolivia columbia ecuador peru venezuela simon bolivar called george washington south america south america land varied main population groups whites mestizos indians
chemical knowledge practical nature dates history prehistoric produced watertight pottery shaping baking glazing clays ago fire found preparing copper bronze iron nearly ago egyptians found methods manufacturing glass extracting medicines plant sources early discoveries chemical operation greatly influenced course civilization progress understanding underlying chemical transformations slow coming greeks attempted analyze materials describe properties early later adequate chemical explanations began tremendous progress understanding applying marvels chemistry frontiers remain chemical research continues unravel complexity materials chemists continue valuable contributions human progress research ongoing process sciences including chemistry chemical research promises brighter future chemist architect future scientists interested learning facts mere collection facts physical constitute science major activity scientists facts build models provide explanations relate facts predict future observations activity scientists testing models explanations testing confirms validity scientific concepts experimental evidence supports explanation accepted valid observation follow behavior predicted explanation longer valid revised discarded
suppose examine piece granite closely hand lens crystalline materials seen quartz feldspar mica properties differ greatly granite heterogeneous material parts properties mixture part piece quartz properties part fact true feldspar mica components granite homogeneous material heterogeneous materials mixtures homogeneous materials heterogeneous mixture set unique properties properties combination properties homogeneous parts mixtures heterogeneous sugar dissolved water resulting solution similar properties solution homogeneous amount sugar water increased solution remains homogeneous mixture materials solution sweet taste sugar water removed evaporation sugar recovered original form solutions homogeneous mixtures air solution gases mixture composed principally nitrogen oxygen gases present air argon carbon dioxide water vapor gas displays unique properties alloys primarily combinations metals solid solutions mixture material consisting kinds matter retaining characteristic properties substances include compounds elements materials identical properties homogeneous chemistry homogeneous materials called pure substances simply substances substance homogeneous material consisting kind matter sugar water sugar water solution substances sense
common type hydrogen called protium atoms simplest composition nucleus protium atom consists proton proton electron moving electron found distance nucleus lowest energy level electron occupy energy level called energy level illustration help understand sizes distances particles protium atom picture nucleus proton cm diameter diameter end finger comparatively smaller electron average nucleus distance half length football field electron thought moving nucleus effectively occupying space surrounding addition protium makes naturally occuring hydrogen known forms hydrogen atoms deuterium occurs extent nature deuterium atom nucleus proton neutron electron moving form hydrogen tritium tritium radioactive form exists nature small amounts prepared artificially nuclear reaction tritium atom nucleus composed proton neutrons electron moving figure atomic number atom number protons nucleus atom element consists atoms number protons nuclei atoms element atomic number
formula compound correctly represents composition substance composition compound determined chemical analysis formula derived analysis data applying concepts atomic theory chemical bonding procedure determining formulas compounds discussed section write formulas common compounds composition data chemical analyses ionic compounds positively negatively charged ions constitute compounds list common ions charges presented table proficient writing formulas compounds correctly ions charges listed table memorized observe exception ammonium ions mercury ions positively charged ions listed table monatomic names elements derived cases positive negative charge monatomic ion directly related position element periodic table elements groups ii vii examples recall atoms group metallic elements characterized presence single unpaired electron highest energy level ionization energies group low ionization energies higher suggests single electron removed relative ease group atom leaving monatomic ion stable electron configuration preceding noble gas atoms group ii metallic elements paired electrons highest energy level ionization energies low ionization energies higher
representing chemical occur chemical reactions writing chemical equations balanced chemical equation concise symbolic expression chemical reaction quantitative statement proportionate number moles chemical species enters reaction formed reaction step writing chemical equations involves describing basic facts reaction systems word equations verbal equation statement names chemical species involved reaction reaction system chemical species react called reactants species formed called products word equation give quantities reactants products formed word equation qualitative descriptive significance experiments show combustion hydrogen air atmosphere pure oxygen produces water combustion product word equation combustion reaction ishydrogen oxygen water arrow expression yields sign conveys information chemical reaction occurs read react yield yields word equation ordinarily read hydrogen oxygen react yield water simply hydrogen oxygen yield water word equation signifies hydrogen oxygen react chemically form water briefly states experimental fact conditions reaction occurs relative quantities hydrogen oxygen relative quantity water formed suppose replace names reactants hydrogen oxygen product water respective formulas equation balanced law conservation matter energy fundamental science
peanut corn soybean coconut oil hardened hydrogenation margarine fish oils lose offensive odor hydrogenated suitable making soap lard hydrogenated produce whiter firmer product hydrogen remove oxygen metallic oxides cuo sno pbo feo coo hydrogen reducing agent separate metals oxide ores carbon form coke reducing agent expensive convenient metals worked atmosphere free oxygen called reducing atmosphere reducing atmosphere prevents unwanted reaction metal oxygen high temperatures needed processes tungsten metal making filaments electric lamps worked reducing atmosphere surrounding tungsten hydrogen closed furnace prevents oxidation metal nearly fuels hydrogen free combined elements coal gas oil gas hydrogen quantity methane major component natural gas hydrogen fuel oxyhydrogen torch pure hydrogen makes excellent fuel expensive gaseous fuels deuterium section discovered named scientists columbia university headed harold urey addition occurrence earth deuterium exists atmosphere jupiter sun distant stars nebulae interstellar space discoveries deuterium space ultraviolet spectroscopes radio telescopes earth surface aboard earth satellites studying relative amounts protium hydrogen atoms deuterium atoms galaxy scientists hope learn origin nature universe
term colloid originally applied sticky substances starch glue colloids substances mixed water pass parchment semipermeable membranes contrast substances sugar salt form true solutions water pass parchment membranes substances originally called crystalloids early chemists believed substances formed suspensions formed solutions distinction colloidal suspension solution shown figure today chemists recognize conditions substances nondiffusing colloidal conditions soluble subdivision substance chemical nature determines forms suspension true solution dispersed medium colloidal suspension formed sodium ions chloride ions brought medium sodium chloride soluble colloidal size crystals consisting sodium ions chloride ions formed medium true solution formed solute molecules ions dispersed solvent form homogeneous mixture true solution consists single phase solute soluble solvent colloidal suspension hand phase system dispersed particles solute dispersing medium solvent dispersed substance internal phase soluble dispersing medium external phase system consists finely divided particles remain suspended medium colloidal suspensions heterogeneous mixtures ionic solid sodium chloride simple molecular structure crystal lattice composed ions bound strong electrostatic force attraction positive negative charges
organic acids covalent molecular structures specific atom configuration called carboxyl group cooh weak acids slightly ionized water solution extent ionization occurs hydrogen atom carboxyl group hydrated ion organic acids discussed chapter acids manufactured minerals known inorganic acids simply mineral acids substances known centuries properties distinctive term acid general sense refers compounds substances historically known acids water solutions called aqueous acids modern definitions acids give acid substances acids traditional sense mineral acids occupy major roles chemical industry mineral acids largest volume industrial chemicals produced united states manufacturing chemist asked important acid sulfuric acid undoubtedly mentioned versatile industrial product sulfuric acid involved technical manufacturing processes consumption index country industrialization prosperity sulfuric acid manufactured united states chemical approximately million metric tons ranking industrial acid phosphoric acid nitric acid dominant acids agriculture production fertilizers consumes sulfuric acid phosphoric acid nitric acid produced united states ranking fourth importance hydrochloric acid gastric secretion human stomach hydrochloric acid industrial common acids mentioned
oxides sodium potassium calcium strontium barium react vigorously water seen plasterer slaking quicklime cao adding water slaked lime ca formed oxides react water produce solutions basic ions called basic anhydrides oxides active metals basic anhydrides contrast acid anhydrides oxides nonmetals covalent compounds molecular structures reactions water form oxyacids groups capable donating protons refer section oxides active metals ionic structure ionic substances solids room temperature ions water ions react water form basic ions metallic hydroxide soluble water solution basic presence ions general hydroxides active metals strongly basic groups present ions compounds soluble hydroxide compounds weakly basic amphoteric acidic higher oxidation atom combined group covalent bond atom group covalent bond difficult remove ion chromium ii hydroxide basic chromium iii hydroxide amphoteric chromium vi forms oxyacid amphoteric hydroxides appears bond easily broken bond metal group strong base acquires proton breaking bond acid hand donates proton group
estimated energy united states comes natural gas petroleum decades known supplies important chemical raw materials exhausted continued wasteful natural gas petroleum fuels threatens future supply raw materials important products alternate fuels sources energy developed energy need efficiently sources energy scarcer coal widespread plentiful fuel remaining united states supply nearly energy present rate consumption amount recoverable coal united states expected period shortened rate consumption increases mining burning coal present environmental problems need resolved known methods coal converted fuel gases petroleumlike liquids fischer process starts mixture formed reacting steam hot coke gases react suitable pressures temperatures presence metallic catalyst form variety straight chain hydrocarbons amount unsaturated products varies catalyst bergius process involves reacting finely powdered coal suspended oil hydrogen high pressure high temperature presence metallic catalyst complex ring compounds coal broken liquid hydrocarbons formed process economical united states oil shale found western states source petroleumlike liquid process oil shale mined brought surface
chemical reactions exothermic endothermic processes reaction amount chemical binding energy changed thermal internal energy vice versa energy change measured heat released absorbed reaction energy change measured change heat content substances reacting chemical reactions generally carried open vessels volumes change vessels pressures remain constant heat content substance constant pressure called enthalpy substance symbol enthalpy heat content constant pressure process exothermic total heat content products lower reactants products endothermic reaction higher heat content reactants mole substance characteristic heat content characteristic mass heat content measure internal energy stored substance formation stored heat content measured directly change heat content occurs chemical reaction measured quantity heat released exothermic change heat absorbed endothermic change called heat reaction heat reaction quantity heat released absorbed chemical reaction heat reaction measured final system brought temperature initial stated reaction assumed standard atmospheric pressure addition substance assumed usual standard conditions reason phases reactants products shown formulas thermochemical equations
products formed chemical reaction turn react re form original reactants chemical reactions reversible chemical reactions considered reversible suitable conditions theoretically reaction pathway traversed directions reverse reactions occur driven easily temperature required water vapor decompose measurable quantities hydrogen oxygen cases conditions reverse reactions known reaction potassium chlorate decomposes oxygen potassium chloride chemists reverse reaction single process mercury ii oxide decomposes heated strongly mercury oxygen combine form mercury ii oxide heated gently suppose mercury ii oxide heated closed container mercury oxygen escape decomposition begun mercury oxygen released recombine form mercury ii oxide reactions proceed conditions rate composition reaction eventually equal decomposition reaction mercury oxygen combine form mercury ii oxide fast mercury ii oxide decomposes mercury oxygen amounts mercury ii oxide mercury oxygen expected remain constant conditions persist equilibrium reached chemical reactions reactions continue net change composition system equilibrium written chemical equilibrium balance rates opposing reactions exactly equal reaction system equilibrium shows equal tendencies proceed forward reverse directions
sulfur elements known ancient times occurs nature free element combined elements sulfides sulfates united states huge deposits nearly pure sulfur occur meters underground texas louisiana gulf mexico voyager mission discovered active volcanoes jupiter moon io gas vented volcanoes believed sulfur colors io surface explained colors forms sulfur sulfur beds texas louisiana meters thick surface ground sulfur layer quicksand makes difficult sink shaft mine sulfur ordinary methods american chemist herman frasch developed method obtaining sulfur sinking shaft method complex system pipes superheated water pressure pumped sulfur deposit hot water melts sulfur forced surface compressed air figure half elemental sulfur produced united states obtained pyrite purification coke oven gas smelter gases petroleum natural gas result air pollution reduction total united states production elemental sulfur million metric tons common sulfur yellow odorless solid practically insoluble water dense water dissolves readily carbon disulfide readily carbon tetrachloride sulfur melts temperature forming pale yellow liquid flows easily
henri becquerel studying properties uranium compounds interested ability fluoresce give visible light exposed sunlight accident becquerel found fluoresce uranium compounds give invisible rays discovered rays penetrate lightproof covering photographic plate affect film exposed light rays directly substances give invisible rays radioactive property called radioactivity radioactivity spontaneous breakdown unstable nucleus release particles rays becquerel interested source radioactivity suggestion pierre marie curie began investigate properties uranium ores soon learned uranium uranium compounds mildly radioactive discovered uranium ore pitchblende times amount radioactivity expected basis uranium content curies discovered radioactive metallic elements pitchblende elements polonium radium accounted high radioactivity pitchblende radium times radioactive mass uranium polonium times radioactive mass radium polonium heaviest member group vi oxygen family silvery metal confirming trend non metallic metallic properties increasing atomic weight shown families active elements periodic table radium silvery metal heaviest member group ii calcium family chemical properties similar barium properties abundant nuclides radioactive elements table
uranium atoms exist small amounts minerals formation atoms undergone spontaneous fission fissions left tracks mineral crystals glassy materials tracks visible microscope etching number tracks area amount specimen determine age crystal glassy material heated high temperature method called fission track dating establish age materials decades solar system chain reaction material energy starts reaction products fissions produce chain reactions neutron fission nucleus neutrons fission occurs fission nuclei neutrons emitted fission nuclei chain reaction continues atoms split neutrons fail strike nuclei nuclear reactor device controlled fission radioactive material produces radioactive substances energy earliest nuclear reactors built oak ridge tennessee reactor natural uranium lattice type structure blocks graphite forming framework spaced blocks graphite rods uranium encased aluminum cans protection control rods neutron absorbing boron steel inserted lattice limit number free neutrons reactor air cooled
computer assisted instruction demonstrates application computers field education individualized instruction subject student student retrieves stored information converses computer means typewriter television screen banks computers handle billions checks americans write hospitals computers analyze medical histories symptoms patients detect monitor ailments computer program order prescriptions alert nurses administer dosage major advance computer assemble thousands rays part body single dimensional view figure home computer devices someday commonplace kitchen sink mass production technology bring cost reach budgets routine chores kinds handled quickly accurately computer chip cars computers automatically apply brakes determine gas mileage check oil tire pressure miniradar warn driver impending collisions applications computers await discovery today high school students grown highly technological society meet challenge engineers scientists future science law principle statement describes natural event unlike laws restrict behavior traffic laws scientific laws describe behavior jacques charles observed controlled conditions relationship temperature volume gases regular behavior gases study greater detail chapter known charles law
car front house later farther street correct assuming car moved reach conclusion observed positions car noted passage car position moved steady rate speeded slowed position moving noticed moving location car moved location straight line possibilities truth statement car moved move observations observe moving object continuously case continuous observation thought series observations interval successive observations small figure shows important things nature motion shows changing positions moving object change position direction called displacement displacement magnitude direction point origin displacement straight line segment point point actual path moving object points curved displacements vector quantities combined vector quantities statement airplane flew kilometers south chicago describes airplane displacement statement specifies point origin magnitude direction
addition formulating laws motion newton force makes falling bodies accelerate earth laws planetary motion developed johannes kepler century newton section newton account study falling bodies states wondered force makes apple fall ground related force keeps planets orbits single law describe attraction objects entire universe kepler laws newton deduced fact force attraction objects directly proportional product masses objects inversely proportional square distance centers mass center mass object point mass considered concentrated concept similar center gravity discussed chapter newton called attractive force force gravitation statement known newton law universal gravitation equation form law force gravitation masses attracting objects distance centers mass proportionality constant called universal gravitational constant newton able confirm theory astronomical observations unable measure laboratory instruments determination english scientist henry cavendish schematic diagram experiment shown figure
greek philosopher aristotle suggested matter reduced basic elements air earth fire water reasoning support idea complex beginning attempt list ultimate particles universe idea atoms ultimate particles actively studied beginning century english scientist john dalton conducted series experiments gases added greatly knowledge nature atoms dalton atomic theory explained mechanisms known reactions substances extend list known elements atomic theory modified expanded times dalton hundred investigation added information knowledge makeup properties atoms interact nature compounds form modern theory includes data concerning mass size atoms energy relationships atoms experiments revealed fact atoms ultimate particles matter array subatomic particles presently studied scientists chapters molecule smallest chemical unit substance capable stable independent existence previous section smallest particle sugar retains identifying properties substance molecule sugar substances composed molecules substances composed electrically charged particles known ions molecule sugar small seen help powerful microscope
gases expand heated increase thermal energy gas molecules results increase kinetic energy solids liquids coefficients expansion gases approximately coefficient expansion coefficient expansion gases nearly constant temperatures liquefying temperature gas demonstrated experimentally french scientist jacques charles manner similar figure column air trapped globule mercury capillary tube sealed end length air column measured tube immersed mixture ice water length air column measured tube immersed boiling water comparing readings find air column increases original length heated degree temperature change expansion volume gases air similar results obtained fractional contraction occurs gases cooled coefficient volume expansion gases volume times volume expansion mercury times aluminum gases approximately coefficient expansion consist widely separated exceedingly small molecules effect independent particles gas molecules separated distances greater molecular diameters forces acting volume relation total gas volume negligible
noted previous section heat supplied heat engine converted mechanical fact true types heat engines basis reaching generalization known law thermodynamics formulated german physicist rudolf clausius construct engine sole effect extraction heat heat source single temperature conversion heat completely mechanical heat engine takes quantity heat heat source high temperature transfer heat heat sink lower temperature interpretation law thermodynamics impossible attain absolute temperature simply place heat transferred order cool substance exactly values thousandths degree absolute attained experimental difficulties increase enormously lower temperatures sought unattainability absolute called law thermodynamics considered extracting heat internal energy ocean operate engines ship water surrounding ship considered heat source single temperature law thermodynamics impossible operate engines ship internal energy sea water follows law thermodynamics transfer internal energy low temperature heat source high temperature heat sink requires
arabian mathematician alhazen studied refraction light disputed ancient theory visual rays emanated eye demonstrated refractive behavior light passed medium greater optical density figure believed angles incidence refraction related unable determine related relationship known snell law established hundred later refraction snell law discussed chapter shapes shadows practical sight lines placing objects straight line give evidence straight line rectilinear propagation light greek philosophers familiar property light sir isaac newton conducted experiments separation light colors means prism aware colors produced thin films rectilinear propagation reflection refraction principal light phenomena familiar observers seventeenth century evident newton contemporaries transmission energy place involved general theories explain properties light general energy propagated particles matter wave disturbances traveling place window pane shattered moving object baseball thrown distance concussion shock wave distant explosion arguments favoring particle corpuscular theory wave theory plausible applied properties light observed seventeenth century principal advocate corpuscular theory newton arguments supported french mathematical physicist astronomer laplace
image formed concave mirror constructed locating images adequate number object points suppose object arrow entire image located constructing image points head tail arrow concave mirror images grouped cases based position object front mirror rays emanating object infinite distance mirror parallel mirror rays parallel principal axis reflected principal focus figure conclude image formed concave mirror object infinite distance point principal focus rays sun reaching earth practically parallel provide simple method finding approximate focal length concave mirror figure image object arrow located method illustrated section known rays emanating head arrow intersect reflection locate image arrowhead image tail lies principal axis shown earlier figure image case real inverted reduced size located center curvature principal focus nearer object approaches center curvature larger image nearer image approaches object arrow center curvature shown figure image arrowhead found inverted object center curvature image real inverted size object located center curvature
lenses mirrors differ ways secondary axes pass optical center lens centers curvature principal focus center curvature depending refractive index glass lens focal length double convex lens equal radius curvature image produced lens formed rays light actually pass lens real image formed side lens opposite object virtual images formed lenses side lens object convex converging lenses form images manner concave mirrors concave diverging lenses convex mirrors manner form images spherical lenses spherical mirrors aberration defects figure lenses large apertures images formed rays passing central zones lens generally sharp defined images formed rays passing edge zones fuzzy defect lens images called spherical aberration similarly rays light coming object point principal axis brought sharp focus image plane defect lenses known lens astigmatism combination lenses suitable refractive indexes focal lengths lens makers produce anastigmatic lenses lenses give definition entire image large apertures lens short focal length large aperture large light gathering capability fast lens
relationships objects space basic concerns physics power energy important physical concepts involved relationships energy ability measured units heat maintain electric current energy supplied source emf chemical energy thought potential energy chemical bonds transformed electric energy electrochemical cell charge acquires energy cell source emf expends energy electric circuit section recognized joule coulomb charge moved potential difference volt coulomb charge transferred constitutes ampere current source emf charge moved opposition potential difference electrons source emf charge moves external circuit response potential difference circuit electrons components circuit electric energy expended external circuit perform observe electric current variety ways lamp circuit part appears light electric motor circuit part appears rotary motion electroplating cell circuit part promotes chemical action cell cases part appears heat inherent resistance circuit components
preceding discussion piece iron behave magnet case atoms grouped microscopic magnetic regions called domains atoms domain magnetically polarized parallel crystal axis polycrystalline specimen ordinarily axes domains oriented directions domains effectively cancel net magnetism essentially figure polarity domain unmagnetized material represented arrow ferromagnetic material external magnetic field effects occur domains favorably oriented magnetic field increase size expense favorably oriented adjacent domains domains rotate order favorably oriented respect external field material magnetized domain boundaries remain extended degree external magnetizing force removed material permanently magnetized direction magnetization magnetic domain rotated external magnetic field understood material domain change position specimen direction magnetization temperature ferromagnetic material raised critical domain regions disappear material paramagnetic temperature known curie point lower melting point substance curie points ferromagnetic substances table single crystal iron sprinkled colloidal particles iron oxide microscopic domains visible technique physicists able photograph magnetic domains observe effects external magnetic fields
linear coil conducting loops takes form helix called solenoid cylindrical column air inside loops extending length coil called core current solenoid core turn loop magnet core solenoid magnetic tube practically magnetic flux passes figure solenoid conducting electric current magnetic properties bar magnet polarity determined means compass magnetic flux core solenoid derived magnetic field turn conductor ampere rule modified adapt special case solenoid ampere rule solenoid grasp coil left hand fingers circling coil direction electron current extended thumb point direction pole core figure solenoid core air wood nonmagnetic material produce strong electromagnet permeability nonmagnetic substances essentially equal air unity substitution materials air appreciably change flux density soft iron hand high permeability iron rod substituted air core material flux density greatly increased strong electromagnets ferromagnetic cores high permeability core material strength electromagnet depends magnitude current number turns words strength determined number ampere turns
conversely large positive charge built sphere removing electrons belt strongly positive electrode large difference electric potential obtained accelerate electrons ions high charge van de generator leaks atmosphere air humid generators built large pear shaped shell filled dry air pressure charge sphere placing generator vertical position helps prevent discharge particles ground provide maximum energy particles van de generators series linear accelerators powerful van de installation pair end end generators brookhaven national laboratory york generators insulated prevent grounding installation capable accelerating hydrogen ions energy mev high energies produced types large accelerators van de machines advantages particle beam precisely focused energy variations easily controlled wide range particles employed shortly development van de generator found charged particles accelerated high velocities driving circular path aid electromagnets variety accelerators built american physicist lawrence developed circular accelerator kinds charged particles called cyclotron consists large cylindrical box poles electromagnet shown figure
detection devices particle accelerators physicists released produced hundred subatomic particles particles unstable extremely short half lives fleeting fragments matter essential pieces puzzle nuclear structure remainder chapter look picture atom emerging investigations hundred ago scientists recognized relationships chemical elements arrange groups according properties arrangement called periodic table chemical elements subatomic particles discovered evident similar grouping subatomic particles table proposed american physicist murray mann working independently japanese scientist kazuhiko nishijima proposed table table shows main features mann nishijima table subatomic particles known particles category listed shown purpose classification evident names symbols subatomic particles greek words letters names refer masses baryon means heavy meson means medium lepton means small baryons mesons called hadrons hadron comes greek word meaning bulky bosons named indian physicist satyendra bose major divisions table based largely mass distinction strictly applied particles discovered masses subatomic particles energy equivalents mev rest masses
found subatomic conservation laws completely inviolate high energies gev collisions electrons positrons produced hadrons vice versa suggests weak interaction constant conditions stronger electromagnetic interaction explanation phenomenon colliding leptons exchange called particle interaction known neutral weak current change charges colliding particles discovery neutral weak currents important step unified field theory combines interactions universe single concept maxwell electromagnetic theory combined electricity magnetism nineteenth century unified field theory proposed combined weak electromagnetic interaction neutral weak current helps substantiate concept efforts presently include strong interaction unified field theory grand unified field theory called virtually version theory predicts startling idea proton unstable half proton scheme experiments detect decay proton carried countries physicists europe announced event recorded ton iron detector inside tunnel alps massive shielding recorded nuclear event produced cosmic ray spontaneous decay proton successful grand unified field theory combine nuclear interactions include gravitation
dr grassle marine biologist works woods hole oceanographic institute massachusetts marine biologists study oceans biologists dr grassle vent communities strange lost valley prehistoric dinosaurs fig biologists known deepest parts ocean floor organisms living dead material settles surface source food energy energy ability change produce motion living things need energy carry activities alive sun thought source energy living things earth organisms hot springs source energy water vents rich tiny organisms called bacteria bacteria able chemicals hot water source energy larger animals energy feeding bacteria fig community living things discovered didn energy sun scientists dr grassle searching types living things fig types plants insects microorganisms discovered scientists seeking answers questions conditions exist organisms find conditions living things found strange places organisms survive harsh conditions biologists discovered bacteria floating high earth surface living things found hot water springs geysers organism needs things order exist
welcome future created scientific research development path scientific method scientist curiosity brought astounding accomplishments possibilities creating base knowledge technologies built developments horses give birth zebras sound waves diagnose strokes genes spliced diced changed topics provide content technology sections inform current research technological developments extended subject matter science changed nature learn order live modern society special features sections textbook material encourage explore events scientific research discussed involve strange radically techniques result traditional research methods conditions changed dramatically owing technology developments cyrogenics study effects low temperatures allow freezing living tissue grows dies frozen success embryo transplants depends part developed ability liquid nitrogen freeze living cells find today society understand marketplace transformed technology jobs exist today dialysis technician chapter simply couldn exist technology wasn computer changed shape ago textbooks set print typographer actual type pieces metal letters engraved
main office planning department factory cell nucleus nucleus control center cell controls goes inside cell microscopes schools powerful show details inside nucleus dark spot called nucleolus inside nucleus nucleolus function related making proteins fig nucleus structures called chromosomes chromosomes instructions manufacture finished products cell chromosomes compared files blueprints factory main office blueprints plans finished product look factory original blueprints leave office copies office area cell copies instructions nucleus cell manufacturing processes carried cytoplasm shop area cell located structures cell structures include storage areas called vacuoles vacuoles store food future store waste matter removed cell vacuoles store fluids water chemicals vacuoles large resemble tiny air bubbles power generators called mitochondria located cytoplasm mitochondria release energy needed run cell fuels cell sugars starches energy structures called ribosomes ribosomes attached winding network cytoplasm help build proteins ribosomes compared machines factory model proteins final products raw materials brought cell
biologists argued small organisms didn organisms classified plants animals problem single celled animals plants multicellular organisms behaved animals characteristics typical plants animals organisms belong scientists classified plants scientists classified animals hundred ago kingdom proposed include simple organisms called kingdom protista kingdom protista meant include single celled organisms included multicellular organisms lack specialized tissues organs short later separate kingdom proposed bacteria bacteria cells definite nucleus recently kingdom proposed fungi fungi eat food absorb food molecules biologists accept kingdom system disagreement organisms classified large groups kingdom protista protozoans algae protozoans find food algae food algae discussed section protozoans single celled animal protists move freely seen eating food cell walls chloroplasts food thousand species protozoans found fresh salt water soil plants animals protozoans classified move divided groups
scientists developing ways microbes food produce fuel clean environment tiny microorganisms large responsibilities reason microbes bacteria viruses fungi algae protozoa reproduce rapidly job microbe army microbes adapted environment earth means wide variety materials food sources soil bacteria fungi protozoa feed molecules dead decaying plants animals pond photosynthetic algae produce food eaten protozoa turn decay bacteria feed dead protists keeping balance pond choking dead algae microbes feed produce cells protein waste products protein harvested purposes parts bacteria cultured tanks produce protein added cattle feed bacteria burger microorganisms provide food human consumption thousands algae gathered african lakes dried cakes nutritious stew recently alga spirulina common item shelves health food stores types edible seaweed idea algae cultivation tanks spacecraft part plan helping humans grow food space algae source fuel species algae produce oil gasoline manufacturing products plastics polyesters
plant kingdom includes organisms chlorophyll chlorophyll plants sun energy food plant cells hard cell walls addition plants rooted ground attached plants move place place animals plants generally share needs light water carbon dioxide oxygen minerals plants substances carry processes ancestors plants tiny green algae algae members kingdom protista plants algae chlorophyll food algae live water environment land light air ground water minerals ground result land plants structures ground structures ground anchor plant absorb water minerals structures roots fig structures ground capture sunlight air food entire plant leaves leaves roots organs plant stems seeds flowers organs plants stems produce leaves carry materials plant flowers reproduction flowering plants plants specialized tissues animals tissues growth tissues plant larger form tissues plants covering tissues protect plant injury water loss bark tree food making tissues storage tissues organs plant strengthening tissues support plants vascular tissue
worms smooth round bodies phylum nematoda commonly called roundworms roundworms found common soil found fresh salt water look fig page parasites plants animals puppies kittens young children infected roundworms body openings end mouth food enters food digested absorbed passes intestine undigested wastes continue pass opening called anus plan efficient food tube opening beginning true digestive system worms phylum annelida bodies divided segments worms live oceans fresh water soil earthworm common segmented worm adult segmented worm segments type worm developed organ systems look fig simple brain located segment nerve cord runs underside worm segment tiny nerve center connects muscles signals nerves control muscle action earthworms eyes ears react sounds light earthworms sense vibrations earth earthworms food burrowing ground taking soil complete digestive system organs body openings mouth anus soil passes worm pieces food digested wastes soil particles move anus
vertebrates backbone backbone surrounds replaces cartilage rod found embryo backbone part internal skeleton called endoskeleton fig endoskeleton internal bone framework muscles unlike exoskeleton arthropods endoskeleton limit growth animal bone cartilage grow animal grows bone cartilage similar types tissues cartilage hard brittle bone cartilage firm flexible bend ears cartilage fig left vertebrate animals head neck body tail vertebrates bilateral symmetry divide vertebrate animal half backbone halves identical fig pairs limbs vertebrates highly specialized systems organs nervous system brain developed sense organs vertebrates divided classes classes jawless fishes cartilage fishes bony fishes amphibians reptiles birds mammals look classes section fishes amphibians reptiles coldblooded vertebrates means body temperature temperature environment body temperature fish close surrounding water coldbloodedness disadvantage extreme temperatures heat cold damage living cells coldblooded animals tolerate high low temperatures sea lamprey jawless fish mouth round sharp teeth lamprey jaws open close mouth
scientists working humans learn breathe gills future artificial gills replace heavy air tanks human divers breathe underwater artificial gills job real fish gill oxygen sea water bony fish gill chambers side head gill rounded piece bone hundreds tiny projections sticking watched fish water mouth release gills glimpsed gills pinkish red color red color comes capillaries close gill surface blood red owing substance called hemoglobin hemoglobin encounters gas oxygen oxygen molecules bond hitch ride goes gill works gills open close water forced past oxygen dissolved water leaves water bonds hemoglobin nearby capillaries oxygen travels blood vessels parts fish artificial gill works similar blood flowing place meets sea water fish water forced flow immovable gills artificial gill fine plastic sponge feels seat cushion foam hemoglobin keeps special properties inside living thing added sponge sponge real gill projections oxygen sea water hemoglobin artificial gill known hemosponge divers
main parts blood liquid part solid part fig half blood clear yellowish colored liquid called plasma plasma water dissolved nutrients waste products rest consists proteins digested food wastes heat carried plasma plasma proteins fight disease help clot blood disease fighting plasma proteins called antibodies antibody fights type foreign substance bacteria viruses antibodies provide power resist disease called immunity solid part blood consists red blood cells white blood cells platelets blood looks red red blood cells average person trillion red blood cells red blood cell lives days breaks spleen small organ upper abdomen filters blood remains dead red blood cells millions red blood cells soft red center bones called marrow fig mature red blood cells special compound called hemoglobin hemoglobin red blood cells red color oxygen lungs attaches hemoglobin carried cells inhaling car exhaust fumes dangerous understanding hemoglobin works makes clear exhaust fumes poisonous gas called carbon monoxide hemoglobin combines easily carbon monoxide oxygen breathing exhaust fumes means body cells getting carbon monoxide oxygen result person suffocate die reason motor vehicles left closed garage engine running
stethoscope doctor listens sounds chest cavity help technology doctor listen body sound waves called ultrasound bounce arteries doctor able detect conditions stroke stroke occurs blood reach part brain portion brain function oxygen supplied blood part brain controls muscle coordination cut fresh blood supply stroke victim paralyzed part controls speech affected stroke victim difficulty speaking loses speech entirely ten strokes caused clogging carotid arteries carotids large blood vessels side neck supply blood head arteries clogged plaque build plaque deposit fat collects beneath cells line arteries plaque caused diet high cholesterol high blood pressure smoking factors plaque build inside body arteries builds coronary arteries coronary heart disease resulting heart attack plaque buildup occurs carotid arteries result mild severe stroke ultrasound detect plaque buildup stroke ultrasound machine sends sound waves arteries blockages plaque buildup present sound waves stopped pattern sound waves goes computer produces image screen ultrasound detect arterial disease safe incision rays inexpensive
billions nerve cells nervous system called neurons typical neuron enlarged microscopic area called cell body fig cellular functions place strand thread called axon branches cell body job carry messages cell body axons connect fingertips spinal cord cm cell body fine threadlike branches called dendrites dendrites receive messages axons carry messages cell body works information travels nerve cell called impulse impulse tiny electrical charge moves axon burning fuse impulse travel look fig impulse reaches end axon cross gap reach nerve cell gap axon carrying message dendrites nerve cell body receiving message called synapse order cross synapse electrical impulse change chemical impulse reaches dendrites nerve cell electrical impulse impulses travel direction definite pathways pathways include special types neurons sensory motor association sensory neurons transfer impulses sense organs spinal cord brain nerve fibers fingertips spinal cord sensory neurons motor neurons transfer impulses muscles glands impulses travel motor neurons body respond stimulus
map fig page shows differences average rainfall southwestern deserts cm rainfall southeastern coast receives close cm rain grasslands annual rainfall averages cm grasses trees western part biome rainfall rocky mountains block rain clouds coming west eastern part averages rainfall result types grasses biome east growth tall grasses favored high end growing season tall grasses die decay helps rich soil tall grass prairie makes excellent farmland farther west tall grasses replaced midgrasses grasses cm height farther west short grasses short grasses cm high winter grasslands harsh temperatures drop wind makes colder snow heavy winds blow deep drifts animals move forests mountains remain dig snow find food smaller mammals reptiles spend winter burrows habitats grasslands include kinds grasses forest edge soil humus layer underground burrows fig burrows provide protection small mammals ground squirrels gophers prairie dogs mice burrows nesting napping winter
physical factors combine zones oceans amount sunlight temperature important photosynthesis place sunlight sunlight reaches ocean water depth affected turbidity cloudiness water lot material water sunlight pass temperatures arctic waters lower equator ocean currents important carry water distances cold water driven warm water warm water brought cold water temperatures zone seldom change degrees water temperatures higher normal caused disaster el nino ocean minerals salty addition minerals sea water nutrients nutrients abundant close shore brought ocean rivers areas deep ocean currents bring nutrients bottom surface western coasts continents areas places rich living things fig western coast south america area warm waters el nino close shore cold water bottom reach surface nutrients brought numbers ocean producers reduced food chains webs broken fishes left birds mammals eat fishes reproduce humans depend sea suffered oceans divided major zones fig
animals born zoos family resemblance surely hard case baby zebra born mother horse case mistaken identity case switching homes week zebra embryo tiny embryo mother uterus surgically inserted surrogate mother uterus surrogate substitute horse zebra species closely related transplanted zebra embryo grew larger nutrients coming surrogate mother placenta infant zebra delivered transplant attempted reason develop technique save rare animals extinction embryos vanishing animals successfully transferred common related animals zoo chances survival case bongo rare african antelope bongo embryos mothers zoo flown cross country zoo ten hours mothers embryos implanted foster mothers common variety african antelopes result light brown mother darker striped infant gentle nudge animals antelopes classified genera animals born mother species affected procedure pepi belongs species small monkeys result embryo transfer species mother rhesus monkey larger species pepi weighed baby species recorded scientists studying factors size surrogate mother contributing growth development
community place live communities begin grow places meet live main roads meet start community meeting place river travel begin community banks communities grown ocean places ships land live communities communities look communities look pictures page show communities parts country communities things learn times fun working person family working pictures page show ways communities things activities community ways communities alike homes schools hospitals stores businesses ages live kinds jobs communities interests form groups group clean community form community band chorus groups follow customs custom special group things group custom honor community past parade special festival small groups things times community things
communities need things things called natural resources resource need natural resource nature air soil plants animals trees water pictures page show ways community water ways community water communities need energy power things energy needed supply heat electricity homes factories buildings community natural resources energy coal natural resource communities burn coal energy communities need important resource source skill community called human resources community community human resources ways skilled building roads roads repair put buildings paint buildings safe fire look pictures page human resources jobs communities live community need making sure things schools open fall snow removed streets storm community track things community forms government government group manage community managing community needs kind government thing government rules community rules called laws
jobs earn money money earn called income income buy things need want help community working produce things need shoes chairs things called goods goods pay goods income look chart farmer earned income growing selling corn spends income buys goods tractor truck factory worker earned income making tractors worker income buy corn goods communities goods need community stores buy kinds goods large community stores kinds goods buy small community kinds goods buy community income pay services acts money person pays taxi driver ride taxi store pays store clerk sell goods look pictures page services show tell services help perform services need depend services supply depend services community supplies garbage pickup street repair communities services need larger community services offers large cities museums parks libraries restaurants
find santa fe map put finger middle united states move finger santa fe direction finger moving look compass rose finger moves south west part united states south west called southwest states southwest santa fe southwest sunny dry climate climate weather place period sunny mexico zia american indian sign sun flag climate helped shape landforms shungopovi wind weather helped shape land santa fe northern mexico northeastern arizona land arroyos mesas mountains canyons wind weather carve rocks odd shapes rock picture santa fe think rock called camel rock ago southwest belonged american indians spain spanish governor governor peralta wanted build capital city govern southwest governor needed place fresh water soil grow food capital american indian trails area indian trails community community short search governor found place spot indian village lay bottom snowcapped mountains clear stream flowed nearby american indian trails close soil rich
santa fe today palace governors open square plaza city marker end santa fe trail today trail covered streets highways fields houses government longer located palace governors santa fe capital city land today land called mexico part united states spanish buildings adobe santa fe give city special look santa fe want buildings change look city buildings adobe built spanish southwestern style look buildings santa fe important trading center mexico biggest business community taking care visitors traveled santa fe sights called tourists tourists walk oldest parts town look spanish buildings imagine settler trader finally arriving end santa fe trail santa fe city kinds culture american indian spanish anglo culture group share past customs beliefs art language american indians tribes live santa fe tribes culture ways american indians country santa fe indian market
spain colonies north south america colony place settled country ruled country spanish started colonies order bring home gold riches americas explorers landed place claimed land king queen country florida part land claimed spanish explorers king spain group french started settlement florida king spain want countries land pedro menendez de aviles florida drive french menendez landed florida june soldiers ships drove french florida brought supplies start settlement named settlement st augustine june saint menendez driven french florida spanish troubles trading ships spain england france sailing coast pirates countries attacked spanish ships settlements soldiers st augustine protect spanish lands trading ships english sea captain sir francis drake captured st augustine burned destroyed crops spanish give built town english settlements lands north florida english sea captain robert searles raided st augustine english started settlement closer florida earlier
pella important farming community farming agriculture big business iowa find iowa map iowa part big farming area united states call iowa corn corn grown iowa pella prairie prairie flat rolling land covered tall grass prairie layers rich soil earth farming soil iowa rain falls april september crops growing period called growing season rain important natural resource farming community farmers iowa grow farm products united states corn iowa grows soybeans oats hay wheat season pella winters cold lakes ponds freeze snow covers town fields months spring important season pella farmers hard corn planted spring community gardens bloom colorful tulips summers pella hot town parks pools busy hot summers corn corn grows climate hot weather rain summer end visit iowa fair fair held des moines iowa capital fair visitors look farm machines crops animals enjoys booths carnival rides fall harvest farming community ready winter maps tell pella pella ocean
farmers pella hard plow soil today farmers hard modern tools machines farming easier farmers machines turn soil plant seeds harvest crops corn important crop pella corn grown pella grown feed farm animals cows pigs chickens chart page shows ways corn hogs cattle important farmers iowa farmers raise animals meat farmers raise dairy cows milk today farmers learning ways farm farmers pella belong farmer exchange place give receive information help exchange works colleges groups improve agriculture community experts test samples farmer soil richer exchange studies kinds corn rid insects diseases attack corn exchange farmers low prices feed cattle things need farming boys girls farm communities join clubs future farmers america stand head heart hands health clubs special programs young farmers members learn vegetables raise animals plant trees things projects help community ers programs fight problems pollution
factories north carolina wooden furniture factories furniture thomasville thomasville furniture industry chart page shows jobs furniture step carefully skill study chart pieces wood pieces furniture takes finish steps community jobs help furniture industry company makes mirrors makes special curved parts chairs bedposts companies chemicals stains finishes wooden furniture stains add color wood finishes give furniture smooth polished look protect pictures page show kinds help furniture industry companies chair cushions knobs handles hinges cabinets drawers industry important community jobs buys goods services companies community pays taxes provide services community businesses give money special community needs pictures show things community pay money industry help community ways thomasville furniture manufacturers closely college help set classes furniture making thomasville furniture industry makes buildings nearby communities community high point north carolina big buildings display furniture buyers furniture stores united states shop showrooms high point
discover hawaiian islands polnesians islands ago islands pacific english sea explorer named captain james cook landed hawaii soon europeans explore hawaii trading fishing ships began stop hawaii fresh food water supplies planted large farms called plantations climate rich land hawaii place crops products sugarcane pineapple coffee grow hawaii plantations grew bigger needed workers china japan korea philippines hawaii plantations hawaii traveled ship ships landed bay large islands community began grow bay named honolulu hawaiian word sheltered bay today honolulu grown busy place harbor ships loaded sugarcane pineapples manufacturers clothing cement products large factories hawaii food products put cans factories called canneries fishing important industry hawaii honolulu airport busy planes land honolulu biggest businesses honolulu tourism tourism business supplying services visitors large numbers living honolulu earn money working tourist industry hawaiians jobs hotels restaurants gift shops places supply things tourists want need tourists visit honolulu enjoy weather beautiful scenery known sights diamond head
look map page find san francisco san francisco california piece land entirely surrounded water city peninsula bodies water surround san francisco west san francisco pacific ocean east city san francisco bay body water called channel connects ocean bay channel called golden gate golden gate bridge crosses bay kilometers miles places kilometers miles wide bridge connects san francisco city oakland communities bay bridge called san francisco oakland bay bridge city communities metropolitan area san francisco communities san francisco bay san francisco metropolitan area bay center big shipping industry bay ships dock ports goods unloaded ports goods sold san francisco parts united states ships loaded san francisco bay carry goods foreign nations ferryboats carried city bridges travel bay sightseeing boats sail bay guides boats tell city history rivers important bay communities sacramento san joaquin find rivers map page rivers meet flow bay land meeting place rich soil farming rivers provide water crops grow nearby
earthquake san francisco grew quickly person grows quickly growing pains city growing pains problem san francisco space land wanted live soon communities grew bay metropolitan area developed transportation problem living bay needed fast city shop san francisco oakland bay bridge golden gate bridge built drive bay city traffic brides problem san francisco opened railway system called bay area rapid transit bart map shows bart routes bart links communities bay san francisco trains travel bay tunnel bart san francisco solved problems problem san francisco dirty water water pollution bay industries dumped chemicals waste materials water things harmful fish citizens began form groups wanted laws passed protect san francisco natural resources citizen groups able laws passed stop dumping thousands acres land set parks wildlife areas preservation protection natural resources called conservation conservation san francisco begun solve problems problem san francisco faced age buildings neighborhoods grow older run begin move
kibbutz community israel live group word kibbutz means group hebrew hebrew official language israel kibbutzim israel today kibbutzim parts country play kibbutz person helps group kind kibbutz group turn takes care needs person system group living works small groups thirty live farm kibbutz largest kibbutzim average kibbutz hanita kibbutz located high hills northern israel border lebanon live settlement kibbutz members rest children members retired parents stay member visiting students workers community care needs closely tied communities hanita small road buses road nearest large town haifa haifa kilometers miles hanita hanita care needs location sits beautiful valley mountains water springs deep wells keeps orchards fields green summer weather hanita mild compared climates rain winter rarely snow summers warm rarely hotter
kibbutz started farm deganya south lake kinneret lake known sea galilee ancient times group jewish settlers took responsibility farm wanted create kind community large family deganya part arab country palestine israel established later beginning deganya shared farm equally shared money earned person owned money worked build kibbutz hard farm produce crops soil poor earlier farmers let wash kibbutz farmers worked farm began improve jews palestine parts started kibbutzim struggle establish vegetable fruit dairy poultry farms failures left farms countries fights arabs lived area kibbutz kibbutzniks kibbutz called give women children worked hard kibbutzim grew stronger israel independent nation kibbutzim grew food country helped protect israel borders hostile neighbor countries kibbutzniks worked hard kibbutzim grow
parts africa famous brillant colors bold patterns clothing africa craft coloring fabric goes hundreds united states coloring cloth dye bought stores africa ways making dye herbs plants boiled water yellow dye dandelions marigolds boiled onion skins walnut shells boiled brown dye cloth dipped hot colored liquid nigeria cameroon countries west coast africa countries known special color fabric american call method coloring fabric tie dyeing step tie dyeing fold cloth stick stone twine tied tightly cloth material painted color dye rainbow colors dye touch places cloth folded tied cloth dry untied unfolded cloth tied large stone design looks brightly colored sun appears cloth tied stick stripped pattern united states today buy clothes sheets curtains tie dyed patterns dyed hand expensive machine tie dyed fabric boiling herbs buy ready dye rubber bands twine results nigeria cameroon beautiful designs patterns
suppose caught sudden rainstorm rain comes eyes begin sting notice rainwater sour taste raindrops pure water falling rain white vinegar lemon juice pure water kind rain actually fell storm western pennsylvania called acid rain acid rain acid rain harmful physical scientists trying find answers questions european scientist noticed fish lakes dying collected samples lakes carried tests water tests showed materials water scientist found lake water contained materials water acid kinds materials change pure water acid vinegar lemon juice examples weak acids scientists scale numbers called ph scale measure strength acids ph scale shown fig pure water ph number ph number describes acid lower number stronger acid fish live water ph lower fig scientists thought acid european lakes rain melting snow set research stations northern western europe tested ph rain snow found acid rain common rain acidic acid rain found united states canada problem international
discoveries science asks question scientists ask questions newton question asked motion objects move experiments show push pull needed motion push pull called force saw object force acting move netwon saw problem differently asked question objects stop moving newton thought moving objects stopped force call force friction friction caused surfaces rubbing force shoes floor friction trouble walking fig slipped polished floor smooth surfaces reduce friction wheels reduce amount friction fallen roller skating rink friction reduced slippery substance oil put oil moving parts machines reduce friction rid altogether friction present moving objects behave friction newton thought moving object friction force acting continue move direction speed forever statement law motion object remains rest moves constant speed straight line acted force newton law motion says force present change speed direction car moves constant speed force needed
constantly looking sources energy power complicated machines fascinated energy human machine running riding bike skating hang gliding bobsledding activities challenged power ability human body move activities simple machines harnessed human direction energy engineers bicycling enthusiasts aiming vehicle powered persons reach speeds previously reached machines nonhuman energy fast ridden bicycle speed record existing human powered vehicles set david grylls leigh barzewski grylls riding vehicle called vector looks lot bike driven pedals photo vector designed thin shell built close ground rider pedaling reclining position human powered vehicles look shark fins torpedoes shaped bananas cigars custom designed built built commercially manufactured racing bicycles recent competition vehicle feet bullet shaped nose crew sat reclining positions facing rear operated hand cranks foot pedals pilot cigar wheels wore special goggles connected foot system fiber optic cables hpv held crew forty feet designed extremely light strong
open fire fireplace poor source heat room convection carries heat chimney hand room heaters convection steam hot water moves heater heats air room warm air rises moves cooler parts room cool air sinks moves heater heated fig convection transfers heat heated part gas liquid moves method heat transfer called radiation radiation transfers heat empty space heat energy carried waves similar radio waves waves move empty space called electromagnetic waves learn electromagnetic waves chapter electromagnetic waves transfer heat energy called infrared waves sources heat fire send invisible infrared waves waves reach skin material changed heat infrared waves responsible warmth feel hot object radiation important method heat transfer earth receives heat energy sun radiation fig feel warm sitting sun receiving heat radiation sun average million kilometers earth distance empty space impossible receive heat sun conduction convection open fireplace efficient heat home heat lost convection hot air goes chimney
lowest air temperature recorded earth degrees recorded antarctica temperatures fall mark fact warm compared temperatures reached factories air liquefied temperatures cryogenics branch physics involved producing low temperatures study low temperatures temperature important factor determining characteristics substance consider water high temperatures gas evaporates low temperatures solid ice serves purpose liquid form water satisfies thirst gas steam clear congested chest provide energy move ship solid prevent knock head bump preserve food substances change states characteristics extreme cold superconductors electricity principles learned research low temperature physics applied sciences today scalpel cooled liquid nitrogen cut sharply accurately separate cells cryosurgery branch medicine low temperatures scalpel probe called cut destroy diseased tissue leaving healthy tissue millimeter unharmed cryosurgery benefits blood vessels sealed probe surgeon clamp stitch vessels operations bloodless safer liquid nitrogen store animal human sperm
stretched rubber band vibrates pluck piece stretched wire violin vibrate plucked scraped bow wire called string vibrate length produces musical tone called fundamental string plucked end vibrate parts string plucked fourth end vibrate parts vibrates parts vibrating fig string vibrates parts produces higher pitched sound called overtone overtone blends fundamental produce musical sound string plucked spots produce overtones fig vibrating object vibrate touching noticed loud sounds loose windows small objects rattle ability objects respond sounds frequencies called resonance frequency sound resonance object loose window vibrate response sounds frequency window vibrates frequency sound produces adds original sound louder musical instruments resonance body violin vibrates sympathy sounds produced strings fig vibrations add mixture sound waves characteristic violin piano sounding board adds sound resonance note played violin sounds note played piano
art science creating images computer lies ability translate form texture color series instructions computer understand instructions called algorithms mathematical models models explained technology feature called digitization chapter explain nature computer generated picture look computer graphic shown photo notice squarish jagged edges image graphics programs pictures squared jagged edges produce smooth rounded images method video screen produces image screen picture elements called pixels rows columns squares similar boxes crossword puzzle directions crossword tell letter goes box instructions computer tell color goes pixel picture computer graphic filling boxes screen number pixels screen determines round square graphic greater number pixels screen realistic picture principle applies kinds print look picture book look picture front page newspaper book picture clearer objects defined find look magnifying glass dots fewer spaces book newspaper picture printed dots ink square inch textbook picture printed dots ink square inch
ways electrons behave water water flow place gravity water flow downhill electrons move flow place gravity electrons move electrons move place greater number place fewer movement electrons electric current flow electric current result electrons moving place pick extra electrons carpet similar material touch extra electrons doorknob electrons flow doorknob small electric current flows doorknob feel electric charge feel electric current shock lighting common movement large number electrons clouds van de machines build large amounts electric charge scientists fully understand clouds able build electric charges theory says top cloud holds negatively charged raindrops positively charged ice particles raindrops fall cloud causing lower parts negative lower part cloud builds huge supply negative electrons electrons suddenly move part cloud jump cloud ground large number electrons moving air air hot heated air brilliant light flash lightning heated air rushes outward sound waves hear thunder
seen electrons moving conductors electric current deliver energy electric currents send information electricity communication telegraph practical american telegraph invented samuel morse morse simple arrangement signals wire making breaking electric circuit current operated electromagnet place message received fig code called morse code developed morse code dots currents lasting short dashes currents lasting longer letters numbers signaled combinations dots dashes fig skillful telegraph operators heard clicks movements magnet dots dashes memorized code allowed recognize letters write message message switch key produce currents dots dashes telegraph line built baltimore washington distance kilometers public line modern telegraph systems incorporate computers communications satellites laser communication systems trying improve recently invented electric light thomas edison discovered behavior electrons removed air glass bulb produce vacuum inside bulb heated wire produced light metal plate surprise edison observed electric current flowing hot wire plate fig scientists current electrons leave hot wire steam boiling water
watching diamond cutter learn structure solids surprised learn diamond cutter actually breaks large diamond smaller pieces diamonds hard cut large diamond cut carefully examined diamond marked lines fig diamond cutter gently taps line properly diamond splits evenly mistake valuable large diamond shatter pieces small irregular jewelry diamond cutter exactly tap diamond trained eye diamond cutter diamond characteristic found solids natural lines split property solid result molecules arranged piece solid matter change shape diamond holds shape split blow molecules solid free move stay position arrangement molecules forming solid orderly molecules water freeze form solid ice form crystal ice fig crystal piece solid matter regular shape large piece ice small ice crystals fitted pieces jigsaw puzzle solids crystals diamond split separated surfaces join crystals solids individual crystals large seen
parts watch put watch works similar problem faced scientists studying atom early part century scientists knew atoms negatively charged electrons positively charged protons knew particles arranged atom british scientist zealand named ernest rutherford reported results brilliant experiment fig results experiment led modern scientific model atom experiment beam fast moving positively charged particles particles aimed thin sheet gold gold metal target sheets atoms thickness purpose experiment paths particles changed hit gold atoms results experiment surprising showed particles straight gold particles bounced gold atoms solid fig rutherford unbelievable fired inch shell piece tissue paper hit experiment compared happens throw pebbles wire fence pebbles fence empty space pebbles hit wires bounce rutherford experiment led model atom
einstein physics theory relativity changed ideas universe based isaac newton theory gravity particle physics technologies developed carry research begun change views particle physics suggests universe tiny particles matter moving consistent patterns particle physics states particles change matter energy particles originally explain origin bits matter scientists looking grand unifying theory theories called guts technologies help pinpoint movement particles help tell guts correct theories seemingly types matter technology prove theory confirm theories elementary particle physics wait development accelerators huge machines able speed collision matter accelerators scientists able evidence collisions particles particles discovered physicists european organization nuclear research machines added list smallest bits matter included alpha beta gamma particles quarks tevatron machine tevatron particle accelerator fermi national accelerator laboratory chicago device miles circumference superconducting magnets cooled guide protons accelerate speed light
water pollution comes substances added water thermal pollution result heating rivers lakes heat comes power plants types electric generating plants produce excess heat water streams lakes oceans pumped plant removes excess heat heated water loses dissolved oxygen change plants animals grow water cases harm natural environment heated water discharged power plants cool water returning source water common small part total amount earth earth water oceans ice poles deep beneath surface earth need steady supply clean water met percent earth water limited supply water protected forms pollution parts water problem places water hard hard water caused presence dissolved minerals calcium magnesium iron word hard case means hard soapsuds water detergents chemically soap affected hard water hard water treated remove dissolved minerals remove minerals hard water boil steam condensed liquid water process produces distilled soft water simple experiment show important difference dissolved substances salt dissolves water separates sodium ions na chloride ions cl
kind nucleus requires amount binding energy hold nuclei small supply binding energy protons neutrons nuclei tightly bound nuclei unstable atom unstable electron arrangement change unstable nucleus change stable atom unstable nucleus stable radioactive radioactivity discovered french scientist antoine henri becquerel becquerel observed substances uranium gave rays pass paper affect photographic film marie sklodowska curie husband pierre interested strange rays discovered becquerel fig found previously unknown radioactive elements named elements radium polonium pioneering becquerel curies radioactive elements found radioactive elements atoms unstable nuclei unstable atomic nucleus stable ways rays particles emitted nucleus rays particles unstable atomic nuclei radioactivity change nucleus radioactivity called decay common examples radioactive decay alpha decay takes place nucleus emits particle protons neutrons particle called alpha particle alpha particles thrown nucleus high speed slow collide surrounding atoms alpha particle nucleus helium atom alpha particle gain electrons helium atom radium atom decays emitting alpha particle fig
don endless amount fossil fuel meet energy needs changing international situations prevent obtaining fuel countries able energy nuclear fusion fossil fuels generate electrical power goal scientists reach goal built experimental machine called tokamak fusion reactor plasma physics laboratory princeton jersey photo tokamak isotopes hydrogen fuel deuterium tritium extremely high temperatures start fusion reaction isotopes fusion occurs naturally stars temperatures million degrees kelvin reaching temperatures earth difficult temperature approached problems arise isotopes hydrogen gas reaching fusion temperature molecules bounce vigorously form electrically charged ions ions give gas ability conduct electricity gas conduct electricity called plasma substances give heat touch fusion occur plasma heat nuclei isotopes fuse energy released fusion succeeds problem hold plasma fusion occurs tokamak reactor creating magnetic fields act electrically charged particles magnetic bottles created immense multishaped magnets hold plasma increase temperature fusion occur unfortunately amount energy required power reactor times greater amount energy generated replace energy source
fine animals left zoo animals wanted city animals wanted buildings animals wanted animals wanted stores animals wanted signs buy sell trunks elephant saw sign elephant sell trunk teach play gnu saw sign gnu play horn wash hair dry hair cut hair set hair lion saw sign lion hair cut sell neckties buy free giraffe saw sign giraffe neckties spots clean furs dye leopard saw sign leopard spots don hippy hippo fat hippopotamous saw sign hippopotamous fat serve food animals saw sign animals food animals looked running restaurants running buildings running stores running cars running buses animals city busy animals city noisy animals city crowded animals let walk zoo
spring mother bear found baby robin garden baby robin fly sweet nest robin nest robin asked mother bear think robin bluebird nest maybe robin oriole nest mother bear looked find robin nest live robin took robin house home put window robin look trees sky mother bear put window robin fun fly fun fly mother bear robin ate grew sang soon fly flew house fun mother bear unhappy mother bear asked sad robin don robin heart sad sing song mother bear robin fly house mother bear robin mother bear eyes filled tears took robin garden love robin want happy fly wish free robin flew blue sky
tall mouse short mouse friends met tall mouse say hello short mouse short mouse say hello tall mouse friends walks walked tall mouse say hello birds short mouse say hello bugs passed garden tall mouse say hello flowers short mouse say hello roots passed house tall mouse say hello roof short mouse say hello cellar mice caught storm tall mouse hello raindrops short mouse hello puddles ran indoors dry hello ceiling tall mouse hello floor short mouse soon storm friends ran window tall mouse held short mouse hello rainbow big bigger baby brother bigger friend anna bigger twins door big giraffe big hippopotamus big dinosaur big big watching ant tug dead bug distant ant hill blades grass watching bear lift paw scoop bees nest tree
scientists believe ice age ago glaciers held earth water result sea level dropped feet meters creating land bridge alaska siberia nomadic hunters asia crossed land bridge north america ice age end ocean waters raised melting glacier covered sandy bridge group nomads crossed alaska canadian waterways heart north american continent eventually settled eastern woodlands groups settled pacific coast washington oregon california migrations occurred period stone fragments spearheads recently found mexico population flow possibly reached area ago earliest arrivals lived hunting fishing villages groups related families clans small widely scattered america spoke similar languages clans spoke language eventually formed tribes modern anthropologists classify american indian tribes language groups order study customs newer groups intermingled earlier settlers knowledge exchanged later arrivals possessed bows arrows gave advantage hunting warm southwest agriculture developed corn squash major crops area agriculture changed living habits encouraged settle place form larger communities large communities began specialize arts crafts improved technology gave leisure thought
spring smallpox swept boston epidemics smallpox broken city ten founding european medical science control disease treatment bed rest prayer epidemic destined cotton mather town leading minister learned black servant disease prevented africa procedure called inoculation involved giving mild case disease healthy person putting infected matter cut skin important british scientific journal substantiated method treatment reported experiments smallpox inoculation ottoman empire epidemic hit boston mather addressed open letter town physicians suggesting try inoculations boston physicians opposed idea feared inoculation spread disease mather persuaded friend dr zabdiel boylston try procedure inoculated epidemic patients died percent total inoculated percent died disease mather published findings physicians colonies read experiment proved especially significant later smallpox broke charleston south carolina doctors quickly inoculated entire population town died cotton mather helped spread information defense epidemic diseases pioneered public health statistics fight disease end story written later spring health organization declared smallpox longer existed earth
americans chance powerful empire british empire extended europe india british outnumbered americans empire enormous financial resources stockpiles arms large navy americans arms money ships important factor side distance huge ocean separated britain meant british transport arms armies wide stretch water expensive undertaking end distance defeated british distance important factor america american generals retreat vast sparsely settled landscape yielding control important british armies marched conquered found controlling soil beneath feet americans poorly trained military arts quick panic face professional soldiers times emergency hundreds citizen soldiers counted meet british threat tipping military balance upsetting british plans americans fighting political freedom territory gave enormous moral advantage british thomas paine writer propaganda put acres ground defending weeks battle lexington concord armed american militia headed boston england nearly militiamen crude headquarters cambridge charles river boston late british fleet arrived boston bringing major generals assist british commander thomas gage
march expedition organized st louis overland oregon john jacob astor american fur company dominated western fur trade wanted build trading post mouth columbia river commander overland expedition asked pierre dorion accompany interpreter dorion half canadian half indian lived sioux dakota dorion insisted wife marie iowa indian young sons accompany marie dorion mile kilometer journey foot horse provided children wrote later expedition vividly recalled stamina strength character february group reached mouth columbia river crude fort called astoria construction marie dorion adventures july family accompanied beaver trapping expedition snake river valley marie set camp children woods isolated saved children indians killed including husband pierre overcome grief marie loaded children horse set astoria covered miles kilometers days trapped early winter snowstorm unable built hut branches sons took shelter days mid march food gave set astoria spring sunlight reflecting snow snowblind hid sons search help walking blindly days crawled village friendly walla walla indians
transportation revolution accompanied industrial revolution movements reinforced moved pace ancient greece rome horses wagons filled roads canoes flatboats plied rivers sailing ships moved seas transportation revolution accomplished fact steamships ruled oceans railroads connected distant cities telegraph wires cut communication gap york city washington days seconds revolution transportation began basic roads roads improved overland transportation useless waterways exploited fully getting river easily important able travel major highway nation cumberland national road begun stretched cumberland maryland appalachian mountains wheeling present west virginia road opened west settlers east western farmers transport products markets east building cumberland road national government encouraged private interests finance construction additional highways called turnpikes legislatures issued charters gave private companies privilege constructing highways routes highways charged tolls built connect eastern cities served west westward bound settlers baltimore turnpike cumberland maryland national road wheeling follow vandalia illinois
tyler administration negotiated treaty annexation texas submitting treaty senate approval secretary john calhoun admitted annexation texas enlarge territory open slavery aroused northern suspicion senate rejected treaty polk election close demonstrated voters favored expansion early congress approved joint resolution required majority vote houses thirds needed senate approval treaty admitted texas union slaves lone star republic lone star adding texas nation inherited standing boundary dispute texas mexico part mexico texas southern boundary nueces river independent claimed rio grande difference involved large strip land extended interior continent polk accepted texas claim ordered army general zachary taylor disputed territory south nueces river risky step decade constant friction texas mexico led growing misunderstandings fall mexican government willing accept american commissioner settle texas boundary dispute polk john slidell mexico city secret instructions boundary problem slidell suggest united states settle texan debt claims mexico return rio grande boundary offer purchase rest territory mexico california million mexican press learned slidell secret instructions public
pre civil war america bubbled intellectual ferment women rights temperance abolition slavery competed public attention war women continued organize redirecting efforts gaining suffrage part public concern issues fade reformers gilded age proposed political professional civil service reduction tariff change attitude postwar letdown part answer tired agitation social criticism equal importance intellectual climate gilded age prevailing ideas encourage reform historians social darwinism set ideas swept america civil war english scientist charles darwin suggested book entitled origin species species plants animals nature evolved adapted process known natural selection species survived dinosaurs saber toothed tigers died darwin theory means scientists groping direction ten darwin published english philosopher herbert spencer applied theory evolution human society short book entitled social statics herbert spencer outlined idea human society evolves competition race ahead top stronger smarter hardworking spencer called process survival fittest argued generation fitter society continuously improves according spencer human progress natural inevitable inevitable progress stems competition
hot august mary elizabeth lease stood simple platform small kansas town waiting speak farmers crowded traveled half packed horse drawn wagons families hear orator reformer famous midwest fiery speeches unjust law unfair business practices wall street owns country mary lease roared powerful voice longer government government wall street wall street wall street common country slaves monopoly master parties lie political speakers mislead loud roar applause rose crowd understood mary lease anger farmers small business suffered terrible hardships past plains difficult prices farm products low expenses high weather bad drought wind storms grasshopper plagues destroyed crops savings plains farmer farmers forced bankruptcy losing farms mary lease knew hardships farm hand experience beginning filled hardship born ridgeway pennsylvania mary birthday father brothers killed civil war age teacher support family mary lease moved kansas married lawyer took farmers alliance movement
turn century group progressive blacks began opposition felt outspoken critics young massachusetts black receive ph degree harvard du bois book souls black folk du bois sharply criticized washington approach demanded equal rights washington error du bois argued ignoring systematic discrimination blacks prevented getting ahead aided william monroe trotter founder boston guardian leading black intellectuals du bois proposed national conference civil rights oppose washington power delegates met canadian side niagara fall hotels american side refused admit blacks soon labeled niagara movement group met harpers ferry west virginia site chosen honor john brown harper ferry delegates drew resolution demanding full equality guaranteed vote aftermath race riot lynchings springfield illinois group reform minded led mary white ovington oswald garrison villard proposed founding national association advancement colored naacp letter calling formation group written villard grandson william lloyd garrison signed leading black white citizens including du bois jane addams niagara movement absorbed naacp organization implement ideas program considered radical based obtaining equality legislation courts education radical organization naacp worked existing political order achieve change winning things decision declaring grandfather clause unconstitutional
outset twentieth century peace groups united states europe tried promote understanding nations variety peace conferences twenty nations including united states delegates hague conference held netherlands result permanent court international arbitration established hague settle international disputes mediation hague conference held drew nations conference planned war broke europe trying united states joining war hungarian born feminist pacifist rosika schwimmer schwimmer america tremendous energy confidence launched speaking tour united states aimed convincing american end war mediation jane addams met remaining neutral nations trying offer mediate conflicts warring nations rosika schwimmer developed plans unofficial neutral conference mediation war peace ship chartered bring interested americans europe part conference ship oskar ii set sail december americans aboard despite criticism ridicule american press conference held stockholm sweden partial success succeeded keeping small nations neutral range goal peace conference mediating settlement conflict achieved rosika schwimmer attempted citizen united states refused objected pacifist activities woman country lived york city alien resident death
makes industrial revolution sources power techniques manufacturing materials inventions elements mid nineteenth century coal steam steel railroads helped transform american society electricity moving assembly line materials inventions transformed american society moving assembly line put practice henry ford manufacture model worker assembly line assigned task repeated moving line determined pace automobile took form moved factory moving assembly line adopted widely automobile industry industries permitted enormous savings production price model sold date car americans statistically entire nation highway appraising model rogers wrote henry ford hundred tell helped hurt certainly leave found automobile enormous impact american sociologist asked resident muncie indiana describe things changed past received response earth need study changing country tell happening letters church attendance noted due automobile gave opportunity picnic attend sporting event going church sunday
versailles peace conference president wilson sought peace victory believed peace equals achieve wilson worked tirelessly fashion treaty fair harsh vengeful britain france looked situation perspective bent revenge thought germany punished role war decisions versailles settle war end wars created conditions precipitated war fought battlefields europe americans critical economic issue war involved payment war debts owed allies united states united states treasury loaned billion allies war billion afterward rebuilding europe britain france hoped united states forgive debts allies joint war effort battlefields europe president coolidge argument noting hired money didn united states insisted payment war debts maintaining high tariff policies payment nearly impossible europe meet obligations sell goods united states american tariff barriers highest nation history european products germany struggling economic aftermath war international commission set fantastic amount billion reparations germany pay allies war damages britain announced repay united states received germany reparations
indian militants adopted tactics pioneered civil rights marchers antiwar demonstrators november indians seized control alcatraz island san francisco bay island housed federal prison prison abandoned obsolete interior department trying dispose island occupying indians announced intent build cultural center place indian children educated traditional ways offered buy island government beads cloth early dutch settlers allegedly paid indians manhattan heavily covered media alcatraz incident brought indian issues national attention degree unknown indian wars takeover ended federal marshals predawn landing island june ferried indians mainland president nixon sympathetic indian grievances july message congress repudiated termination policy eisenhower urged legislation authorizing indian tribes administer federally funded reservation programs president promised improved education health services reservations proposed additional funds indian tribes economic development reservations president cue interior department began returning indian tribes lands religious importance land national forest system early century bill implementing proposals failed win support congress indians turned militant action series confrontations indians government officials parts country climaxed early november band indians forced bureau indian affairs building washington
presient carter heir liberal tradition roosevelt truman kennedy johnson gave tradition direction quietly abandoned idea popular liberals deal cure ills society money solve problems carter believed lyndon johnson society programs failed significant dent poverty unemployment led question policies carter brand liberalism took direction eliminating unnecessary federal regulations streamlining federal bureaucracy purpose deregulation promote free competition federal control airlines phased period allowing airlines rearrange routes price tickets competitively small airlines serving isolated communities sprang overnight carter gave railroads price setting flexibility removed regulations trucking industry prevented companies entering field civil service reform feature carter brand liberalism essence reform free competition government office workers top federal decision makers eligible cash bonuses successful management middle level management merit pay system greater flexibility firing incompetent bureaucrats foreign intelligence surveillance act aimed cia abuses uncovered congressional investigators severely restricted ability government agency spy american citizens government ethics law product watergate required members executive branch members congress judges disclose sources income set office government ethics investigate criminal wrongdoing president top officials concern environment feature carter brand liberalism
created language order express needs describe feelings language patterns turn direct perception thinking channels late early feminist writers began pointing english sex biased language vocabulary channels thought direction male superiority word mean humans males jefferson wrote declaration independence created equal mean human beings males merely white males early feminists contended achieve social equality bias eliminated language book magazine publishers cooperated effort purge obvious sex biases expressions easy substitute human requires bit thought workers compensation workmen compensation actually easier awkward person chairperson trouble common usage today simply chair headway despite opposition traditionalists event helped language change respectable vice presidential candidacy geraldine ferraro behavior belied biases language candidacy helped win public acceptance ways women label member house representatives solve problem title congressman obviously inaccurate women congress previously congressperson awkward ferraro settled congresswoman bit practice sounded familiar election campaign newspapers habitually referred mrs ferraro
animals mammals mammals hair fur hair helps warm mammals warm blooded animals weather cold warm bodies stay cold bodies warm mammals born alive babies drink milk mother mother mammals care babies mammals breathe air lungs mammals ways eat foods mother dog eats meat mammals eat meat lions eat meat rabbits eat plants raccoons eat plants small animals find pictures mammals write animal put mammals groups eat animals eat plants eat plants animals eagle bird birds animals feathers wings eagle feathers help warm dry large wings help fly birds birds ways birds lay eggs mother bird lays eggs nest mother father sits eggs keeps warm soon babies hatch eggs parents care babies birds warm blooded winter bodies warm birds breathe air lungs birds mammals look birds beaks beaks shape bird beak
things living things non living look picture page strong healthy dog backyard easy tell dog living thing dog move swing picture move move swing non living thing animals eat young animals need food grow stay alive grown animals need food swing need food swing grow answers questions ask questions things picture page answers yes living things plants picture need food yes living things green plants food food stored leaves stems plants food stored roots seeds animals eat parts plants look mother bear cubs cubs look mother living things reproduce means living things animals plants reproduce pictures pages show living non living things tell living non living car gas ways gas food cars need gas run car alive car grow car car icicles grow drops water move end icicle freeze slowly icicle bigger mean icicle living thing icicle move need food
think cells body blocks grow number cells body grows growing rapidly thousands cells added body cells cells chapter learned living things copies single cells body reproduce single cell reproduces dividing cells called cell division animal cell reproduces cell takes extra food larger material nucleus begins divide division complete cytoplasm begins divide finally parts parent cell pull cells cells called daughter cells daughter cell cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus parent cell cell parent cell copies plant cells reproduce told hole stomach eat hungry playing active need extra food energy growing need food cells need food need food order reproduce humans stop growing age twenty cells growing cells place cells cut arm heals cells place cells hurt types living things grow rates
easy parts body observe body closely part let look arm covered skin feel arm beneath skin muscle bone parts help arm carry activities suppose study pieces muscle skin bone microscope find piece cells cells piece muscles skin muscle cells skin cells picture shows kinds cells human body types cells nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane type shaped cells special jobs plants kinds cells cells green plant green bits cytoplasm green bits called chloroplasts give green plants color chloroplasts help green plants food trees picture flowering plants leaves cells chloroplasts cells trunk tree heavy walls help support tree trunk plant roots special cells grow root hairs root hairs help plant water learned multicellular living thing develops fertilized egg cell wonder kinds cells develop kind cell cells special growing instructions nuclei remember nucleus cell captain nucleus cell controls cells
rocks ways decide rock properties compass compass rock shown help find direction property rocks held string turn point north happens rock acts magnet let look rocks rocks hard arrowheads notice pointed ends hard rocks arrowheads cave carved limestone water limestone soft rock hard rocks arrowheads limestone building material limestone pencil chalk easy rub limestone paper chalkboards boy scratching glass rock rock scratches glass glass hard rock harder scratch test test hardness hardness property rocks minerals rocks scratched fingernail rocks hard soft find hardness rocks need fingernail penny knife piece glass hard rocks soft rocks hardest minerals diamond diamond hard cut rocks diamonds jewelry think purpose look picture bird shaped sculptor
soil pieces broken rocks minerals takes soil nature makes centimeters inch soil side view soil shown find soil side road look bottom bottom rocks rocks smaller top soil dark roots soil soil forms layers top layer soil called topsoil dark twigs leaves plants grow top layer subsoil lighter topsoil light brown yellow red pebbles sand clay bottom layer soil called bedrock large pieces rock soil important plants animals plants grow soil eat food grown soil animals live soil soils look materials soils sand sandy soils hold water sand small pieces quartz type soil clay soil clay soil small pieces mineral quartz clay soil holds water put water clay soil soil feels smooth type soil loam loam sand clay humus humus parts dead plants animals soil dark
sun earth dark cold place heat sun cloudy days heat sun reaches places earth heat sun live places heat homes heat homes live heat comes burning fuel burned heat fuel fuel heat homes cook food fuel heat water washing dishes bathing wood coal oil gas fuels kind fuel home kind fuel school look pictures type fuel making heat wood fireplaces wood burns feel sat fireplace cook barbecue need charcoal charcoal burns heat cooks food home food cooked gas stove burning gas flame picture filling tank house oil oil burned heat air water house heat sun heat homes picture shows house heated sun pipes carry water glass roof sun heats water pipes heated water travels pipes sinks showers bathtubs house heated water heats air house heat sun electricty
ann window thermometer thermometer measures hot cold thermometer shown margin thermometers measure temperature temperature amount hotness coldness look closely thermometer numbers stand degrees temperature measured units called degrees lines mark degrees red liquid thermometer liquid moves temperature thermometer kinds scales scales numbers lines measuring left side thermometer fahrenheit scale invented named fahrenheit scale side celsius scale celsius invented scale look picture celsius scale liquid line marked temperature small circle means degree top thermometer stands celsius look picture stands fahrenheit temperature fahrenheit scale learned freezing boiling chapter temperature matter freezes called freezing point freezing point water temperature rises snowing happen snow turn rain temperature matter boils boiling point boiling point water knowing read temperature helpful girl picture sick temperature temperature sick
remember form matter air air mixture gases gases called oxygen oxygen part air body needs oxygen gas change matter enjoy sitting front fire fuel burns oxygen oxygen fire burn takes things start fire fuel oxygen heat start fuel burning fuel burns heat light oxygen fuel gases solids left fuel burns called called ashes fire need burn things fire ways put fire oxygen getting fuel campers covering fire dirt put fire cool water remove fuel oxygen kinds matter iron steel rust oxygen metals copper iron light heat feel heat heat slowly body oxygen breathe need oxygen need oxygen burn food eat think need oxygen burn food oxygen oxygen burns food makes energy energy grow
find inside softball simple rip cover ball unwind string boy picture finding inside earth easy peel earth open look inside don machines travel deep earth clues earthquakes volcanoes help guesses inside earth clues finish unit scientists study earth called geologists geologists think earth layers compare layers earth inside apple look pictures page apple earth layers layers apple layers earth imagine center earth begin top layer earth rock called crust crust important live giant treasure chest oil coal gas metals rocks water plants treasures pretend earth size apple crust thin apple skin earth crust thin places thicker kilometers miles thick let deeper earth crust layer called mantle kilometers miles thick mantle solid rock earth size apple mantle thick white part skin
rocks deep earth surface hot melt melted rock called magma magma forms earth mantle rises surface lighter solid rock magma push crack weak spot earth crust magma reaches surface called lava steam rocks hot gases mixed lava hot material piles cools hardens diagrams show volcano forms magma forms pool deep earth cracks form rocks magma pool magma slowly moves cracks magma nears surface pressure builds rocks begin push force magma oozes times volcano explodes material thrown air magma reach surface flow land geologists call lava flow mountain formed called volcanic mountain materials volcanoes clues tell inside earth inside earth hot inside earth changing mt st helens exploding volcano erupts rocks ash tossed air ash rock cool fall pile volcano opening finally cone shaped mountain forms volcanoes explode mt st helens hawaiian islands tops volcanoes reach ocean floor active volcanoes hawaii island photo page called mauna loa mauna loa erupts quietly lava hot flows sides mountain hot tar
crust cover earth single piece skin apple scientists think crust broken ten pieces pieces called plates map shows major plates earth crust diagram shows scientists think plate looks section learned continents drifted scientists believe continents drift parts plates plates crust move plates move continents move scientists think plates move ways plates push collide plates move spread slide past slip let look movements happens earth crust case plates push happens plates collide thin part plate slowly moves thick part plate earthquakes common plates collide plates move happens magma squeezes plates magma cools forms crust volcanoes earthquakes common plates moving plates slide past san andreas fault divides plates north american plate pacific plate plates slipping past fault earthquakes common
throw ball ground bounce ground direction bounces depends hits ground direction ball bounces called angle angle depend ball hits ground light acts light bounce objects angles tried signal mirror flat reflectors light sun reflects flat mirror mirror tilted angle angle light reflects eye person looked periscope periscope mirrors corners mirrors mirror reflects light beams mirror mirror reflects light beams eyes mirror direction light change position mirror direction reflected light beam light beam reflected happens mirror directly front light beam light beam reflects mirror angle hits mirror reflects opposite direction want signal person hold mirror light reflects person seen light reflected mirror seen periscope works diagram shows mirrors periscope reflect light submarine light water reflected periscope captain sees reflection mirror
look photograph beams colored light beams bouncing curved mirror notice beams cross place blue beam reflected red green beams hit mirror angle reflected mirror angle cross mirrors curves bring light beams mirrors focus light spot curved mirrors bend beams light angles diagram shows light beams reflected clearly beams focused spot curved mirror flat mirrors turned angles curve diagram page shows curved mirror left flat mirrors turned slightly curve cases light focused spot inside spoon curved mirror look inside spoon reflected spoon look larger spoon look print page reflected letters look bigger mirrors called concave mirrors spoon curved mirror mirror curves look things spoon look smaller mirrors called convex mirrors seen convex mirrors hanging ceiling stores think convex mirrors purpose curved mirrors spotlights telescopes flashlights headlights cars curved mirrors focus light light focused brighter
piece glass shown called prism prism breaks white light group colors called spectrum colors spectrum red orange yellow green blue indigo violet easy remember colors imagine boy roy biv letter stands colors spectrum prism split white light colors spectrum learned light reflected bent remember happens light bent beam light passes air glass slows passes glass bends diagram shows white light hitting glass prism light hits glass slowed bent notice color violet bent color red colors side prism bent color bent amount colors separated rains millions tiny water drops air sun comes light strikes drops water tiny droplet acts prism sunlight enters drop split colors spectrum colors bounced side raindrop reflected front drop leave raindrop colors bent bending reflecting happens millions drops
water moves air ground suppose place saucer water windowsill later water water dried saucer changed gas change liquid gas called evaporation gas goes air water form gas called water vapor water vapor air change liquid happens air cooled water vapor condense surface blade grass condensation happens water vapor liquid water temperature water vapor condenses called dew point temperature air falls dew point water forms grass water vapor needs object condense clouds form water vapor condenses dust air dust clouds water vapor condenses drops water larger heavier fall earth precipitation symbols margin kinds precipitation daily weather chart think happens water falls precipitation evaporates condenses clouds falls ground precipitation evaporation condensation water called water cycle cycle describes happens order drawing shows steps water cycle
storms form warm oceans equator called hurricanes hurricanes strongest storms earth bring heavy rains strong winds form june november months sun equator hot large amounts ocean water evaporate warm moist air rises quickly condenses violent storm forms picture shows happens hurricane hits land storms thunder lightning heavy rains strong winds called thunderstorms storms form warm moist air rises quickly water droplets clouds charged electric charges jump cloud cloud cloud ground lightning picture shows lightning striking ground thunderstorm thunderstorms small storms called tornadoes tornado spinning funnel shaped cloud touches earth moves picture page shows tornado tornadoes violent storms destroy things path tornadoes occur spring april june weather changing fronts move united states tornadoes occurred states country occur south midwest tornadoes form cold fronts cold fronts move fast cold front pushes forward forces warm air rise quickly rising air twist happens funnel shaped cloud forms winds inside tornado high kilometers miles hour tornado moves skips jumps land hard guess exactly touch tornado touches destroy objects path
air pollution humans major air pollution pictures page show ways humans pollute air think polluting air picture cars major air pollution cars put kinds gases air air pollution worse large cities country factories pollute air burn coal coal burning makes gases carbon dioxide carbon dioxide air air pollution humans source air pollution nature pollutes air examples show natural pollute air volcano eruption shown pollute air volcano erupts throws fine dust gases air dust blocks sunlight reaching earth surface air temperature drops atmosphere changed past scientists believe earth hit giant asteroid think took place ago asteroid hit dirt dust thrown air dark cloud covered earth cloud caused temperature earth drop plants died lower temperature dinosaurs ate plants explain dinosaurs died clean air important earth ways air clean cars special cleaners exhaust systems keeps unsafe gases fumes getting air factories clean smoke goes smokestacks special filters costs lot money reduce air pollution think expensive ways lives depend clean air
children going play game tug war think fair game think group advantage unfair correct children ice pulled easily able move children standing ground reason friction friction force acts objects rub slide friction keeps objects moving friction ground children shoes keeps slipping friction shoes ice children ground win easily smooth surfaces friction rough surfaces takes force move object rough surface smooth surface suppose want push heavy box ground lot friction box ground makes pushing box hard putting blanket box reduces friction blanket slides easily ground moving box easier box slide easily polished floor friction helpful friction fire early humans found rubbing sticks caused sticks hot friction sticks hot fire bicycle brakes rubber brakes rubs metal wheel friction surfaces wheels slow think helpful friction friction problems friction makes heavy objects hard move objects rub surfaces worn
deal friction bottom boat surface water speedboats large engines move faster cars boats travel high speeds friction greater water land water touches bottom surface boat reduce amount water touching boat faster clever lift boat lifting boat water reduces friction hovercraft blows air cushion air lifts boat slight space boat water hovercraft able travel fast problem friction solved separating surfaces machines parts touch find ways reduce friction lubrication method machines lubrication reduces friction putting material oil parts machine rub hand desk feel friction hand desk wet hand water hand slide easily desk water acts lubricant lubricant surfaces rub smoothly reduces friction efficiency machine extra friction lubrication helps friction machine efficient examples lubrication helps machines run efficiently girl picture putting oil chain bike oil lubricate moving parts bike
biologists study populations living things population number kind organism living place picture margin shows population corn plants populations biologists tell size population counting organisms helps answer questions size population getting larger smaller population getting small try protect plants animals population getting large help smaller food living things need size population suppose want open lumber company want number trees area grocer want number town teacher students class think examples animal plant populations counted ways hard count animals move hard find counted live places hard biologists ways mark animals count bands put legs animals birds animals rabbits marked ears radios put animals bears deer biologists follow radio signals plants move place place easier count scientists count plant area count number plants small plot ground suppose wanted count yellow flowers field count flower
producers consumers live forever die begin change begin rot say decay tiny organisms community things decay living things food wastes dead organisms called decomposers prefix de means undo compose means put decompose means undo put break decomposers feed dead organisms decay breaking molds yeasts bacteria decomposers tiny non green plants chlorophyll carry photosynthesis food picture enlarged photograph mold growing slice bread molds grow moist warm dark bread shown page decaying mold living growing picture shows bacteria bacteria fit line centimeters inch kinds bacteria known today harmful found air skin inside bodies bacteria grow plants feed animals grow humans need food survive yeasts shown picture yeasts need sugar live live sugar fresh fruit decomposers community important break decay dead organisms decay organisms give materials materials community yeast molds bacteria give carbon dioxide feed wastes dead organisms carbon dioxide green plants food
suppose bitten mosquito friend says source food hawk believe friend suppose mosquito eaten dragonfly frog eats dragonfly frog eaten snake hawk swoops eats snake food mosquito took ends food hawk write chain events mosquito hawk communities food chains animals food chain eat kind food food chains connect overlap picture food chains seeds mouse snake hawk food chains look drawing mouse food hawk snake snake food hawk food chains overlap called food webs food chains overlap form food web food web overlapping food chains food web find communities food chains overlap food chain tree beetle bird cat food chain overlaps tree grasshopper bird cat food chain web shown food web page shows squirrels eat nuts tree grasshoppers beetles eat tree leaves bats birds eat beetles grasshoppers cats eat squirrels birds food chains involved leaves producers food chains shown beetles grasshoppers birds bats members food chains
past concerned environment realize living things need clean environment order live scientists study living things environments called ecologists ecologists study air water soil try learn needs organisms human beings part food chains word ecology comes greek word oikos word means household home place live ecology deals organisms environments ecologists study living things population affect study populations affect living things biosphere connected living things need non living things soil water air happens soil water air living things affected let humans human beings environment live unlike animals humans change area meet needs affects living things community effects picture shows wastes homes factories enter river ways stream polluted adding harmful things air water known pollution water polluted streams unfit drink kills plant animal suppose polluted stream water reaches pond think happen food chains food webs air pollution problem factories cars give harmful gases air insect poisons farmers spray crops pollute air
think ocean bottom completely flat areas flat plains land ocean bottom high low places similar mountains valleys found land ocean bottom divided main parts part called continental shelf continental shelf starts part land live ends part continent covered water continental shelf shallowest part ocean average depth meters feet end continental shelf land plunges downward sharply part ocean bottom called continental slope ocean ft deep bottom continental slope think word slope describe occurs part ocean bottom called ocean floor begins continental slope ends ocean floor covers ocean bottom ocean floor flat called abyssal plain scientists thought ocean bottom smooth flat today huge chain mountains ocean bottom mountain chain called mid ocean ridge mid ocean ridge kilometers miles runs ocean earth look map top page shows atlantic ocean look water removed find abyssal plain mid ocean ridge find crack center mid ocean ridge km mi wide km mi deep places
students noticed parts mid ocean ridge extended seal level part ridge pacific ocean higher library able discover tallest mountain mauna kea highest peak hawaii measured underwater base mountain ft high tall mountains form ocean floor answer explained place ocean floor scientists think hot inside earth believed hot rock earth melt molten hot molten rock earth move earth surface giant crack mid ocean ridge molten rock breaks surface forms ocean floor sides crack ocean floor pushes sections floor scientists think floor sides crack moves scientists say ocean floor spreading crack scientists believe idea sea floor spreading explains earth surface believe atlantic ocean getting wider cm continents europe north america moving atlantic ocean floor spreads land moves think happening pacific ocean pacific ocean getting narrower pacific narrows ocean floor moves downward land borders ocean deep ocean valleys called trenches formed trenches deepest places oceans drawing shows trenches formed
surfers tell speed direction wave moves shore try choose waves give smooth ride makes water move form waves waves form forces act ocean water experiment forces waves basin water hand push water waves dropping object water small waves gently push basin water create waves forces acting water surface water smooth mirror basin water ocean forces acting ships travel push water waves forces earthquakes ocean create waves section learned wind currents wind waves wind moves water pushes surface movement part water rise wind pushes raised water wave created wind continues blow waves wave look wave parts highest point wave called crest lowest point called trough height wave distance crest trough length wave distance crest crest wave waves move direction wind size wave depends strength wind
covered radio lamp box notice things sound loud light lamp box sound light changed object paths box sound pass light pass box happen box holes light passing holes sound louder pass holes sound light energy spread source sound energy spreads speaker radio light energy spreads light bulb direction energy spread sound spread source school basketball game played referee blows whistle call foul players hear whistle stop playing fans hear whistle sitting court hear sound sitting high bleachers source sound vibrating air passing whistle sound spreads directions matter source sound spread directions barrier front source sound stopped whistle heard gym barrier keeps unwanted noise heard inside recording room light spreads directions lamp turned dark room light reaches parts room light reaches ceiling floor walls happen barrier front light source
cheer basketball game sound voice louder whisper loudness softness sound called intensity sounds loud high intensity soft sounds low intensity cheer sound produce lot energy energy carried air particles distances whisper sound energy air particles carry voice shorter distance intensity sound depends strongly object vibrates strong vibrations large sound waves large sound waves intense loud sounds soft sounds object vibrate strongly sound waves smaller intense softer sounds sounds differ high low highness lowness sound called pitch sounds produced flute high pitch sounds tuba low pitch pitch sound depends fast object vibrates number vibrations counted called frequency vibrates fast makes high pitched sound humans hear sounds frequency vibrations middle piano frequency vibrations higher notes higher frequency boy picture blowing air bottles bottle produces pitch air column bottle boy blows air column water vibrates look bottle liquid air column shortest
watson want words voice message carried telephone alexander graham bell spoke words bell chat watson took place distance buildings telephone send voice messages city city country country telephone sound waves air changed pattern electrical energy electrical energy wires modern telephones shapes sizes part telephone speak called transmitter inside transmitter metal disc speak metal disc vibrates vibrates pattern voice pattern carried electricity telephone wires electricity travels wires telephone receiver receiver part telephone hear receiver electricity goes metal disc vibrates original sound heard listener bell spoke watson happened thomas edison phonograph edison phonograph sounds recorded record record cylinder grooves grooves tinfoil singer sang horn vibrating horn caused needle vibrate vibrating needle moved grooves pattern tinfoil play record phonograph needle phonograph moved grooves record pattern tinfoil caused needle vibrate pattern vibrations caused phonograph speaker vibrate pattern real voice
guess muscles body body muscles body system called muscular system muscular system makes move place place muscles organs body heart function muscles acting blood vessels move blood body food wastes moved body muscles muscles connect skin bone skin skin read book muscles pulling bones arms hands hold book turn pages muscles pulling book turning pages muscles pulling bones seated upright small muscles eyes read read eyelids move move eyes able blink want stop blinking forever blinking movement completely control movement caused muscles muscles control called voluntary muscles arm leg muscles voluntary muscles move arm leg muscles want look drawing shows muscles upper part arm muscle top side arm called biceps muscle bottom side arm called triceps biceps triceps move arm voluntary muscles find biceps triceps
object moves energy present energy needed hair stand end form energy produce movement electricity electricity objects move produces force force push pull electricity force pushes strands hair forces observed ago greek named thales looking amber amber yellow material jewelry thales rubbed amber fur strange things happened amber pulled bits feather straw thales happened matter ago thales happened amber fur changed particles matter smaller eye matter amber fur paper feathers tiny electrical particles particles called charges types charges positive negative pull rub negative charges object place object gains loses negative charges object electrically charged rub plastic comb wool negative charges rub wool comb comb negative place comb piece paper negative charges paper move side paper comb side paper closest comb positive positive side paper attracted negative comb object number positive negative charges object lose negative charges
noticed electrical wires appliances warm touch wires heat bit current moves current passing wire big safety problem fires start circuits home school safety device called fuse fuse helps wires getting hot short length wire melts current passing circuit special wire fuse melts circuit longer complete current stops flowing fuses circuits wires hot set fire ceiling floors walls passed picture shows fuse diagram shows looks inside find wire melts circuit current appliances fuses current passing appliance fuse burns stereo fuse circuits safety device wires getting hot device called circuit breaker photograph shows circuit breakers home circuit breaker switch opens circuit current flowing circuit breaker opens stops current find part circuit causing problem problem solved circuit breaker closed current flows circuits pictured chapter shown wires connecting source electricity user imagine making circuit wires
living things sizes shapes earth fly high air live ground homes ground living things swim sea crawl sea floor burrow beneath smallest living things seen powerful microscopes largest living animal blue whale meters feet fact blue whale larger animal lived including dinosaur blue whale largest living thing record belongs giant redwood tree redwoods grow tall meters feet living things smallest largest share characteristics characteristic helps set thing characteristics set living things things alive living things need food grow change kind living things think living thing dog characteristics living things show differences kitten fur legs snake scales bird feathers wings grasshopper hard outer covering structures help sort kinds living things pine trees oak trees thick woody trunks branches structures characteristics trees pines oaks belong group living things called trees pines oaks ways leaves oak broad flat leaves pine needle shaped pines leaves round oaks lose fall pines belong group trees oaks
seaweeds called grasses sea seaweeds simpler plants grasses seaweeds stems roots leaves algae algae plantlike protists chlorophyll algae grow water seaweed grows ocean supplies food organisms sea eat seaweed food material seaweed thicken foods jellies largest kind seaweed kelp shown lower kelp grows ft kinds algae grow fresh water ponds kind spirogyra shown strand spirogyra cell thick chlorophyll inside strand spirogyra means turning spiral plantlike protists fungi algae fungi roots stems leaves unlike algae fungi chlorophyll chlorophyll food fungi live organisms fungi grow living organisms grow dead photographs show kinds fungi bacteria fungi break animal plant matter helps return chemicals soil molds fungi molds harmful athlete foot caused fungus growing skin feet think fungus likely grow dry skin wet skin kind mold spoils bread common bread mold shown photograph molds molds kinds cheeses shown similar mold grows fruits makethe medicine penicillin penicillin mold makes penicillin protect bacteria
plants mosses mosses small plants real roots stems leaves mosses big fingernail grow damp shady places mosses grow bare rock tree trunks nearly plants need soil grow mosses grow cracks rocks help break rock smaller smaller bits remains mosses mix bits rock soil formed learned roots stems carry water food parts plant mosses real roots stems food water spread slowly cell cell stems mosses support weight heavy plant mosses large real roots soil dig water bigger plant water needs mosses tiny leaflike parts food cell thick leaflike parts small stalks rootlike structures help stalks cling rocks ground mosses grow spores spores special cells living things cells grow organisms organisms cells process mosses reproduce moss plant fully grown reproduces spores caps photograph show spores formed mosses grow wet places called peat mosses peat mosses enrich soil garden ferns type plant ferns mosses grow moist shady places ferns roots stems leaves ferns tree sized
travel space presented big problem object pull earth needed special engine produce force lift spacecraft weighing tons airplane engines oxygen oxygen space spacecraft needs engine works oxygen finding kind engine took modern scientists idea rocket rocket engine burns fuel moves forward pushing exhaust backward rockets operate burning fuel tube fuel burns hot gases produced allowed escape direction force push opposite direction rockets need presence air oxygen need fuel mixture burn rockets place satellites left orbit rocket power satellite space satellite earth rocket falls satellite circles earth soviet union rocket put spacecraft orbit earth called sputnik later united states spacecraft named explorer space events marked start space age powerful rockets heavier satellites orbit carried astronauts moon rockets launched space probes fly planets powerful computers help spacecraft stay course large spacecraft expensive build united states developed spacecraft powerful reused space shuttle
ancient thought skies magical place thought stars formed part outlines kings queens saw magical beasts giant objects saw familiar hunters saw animals saw famous heroes stories beliefs star patterns passed group groups stars form patterns sky called constellations constellations patterns look animals objects takes imagination look drawings sky shown look star patterns pattern shows constellation orion think orion looks hunter stars center supposed belt small stars belt sword stars orion belt shoulders stars bottom hunter legs star orion left shoulder red star named betelgeuse star leg blue star named rigel star hotter betelgeuse rigel constellation cassiopeia think pattern forms crown queen cassiopeia chair look drawing queen crown drawing shows cygnus think cygnus looks swan bright star cygnus called deneb deneb white star hotter cooler rigel constellations seen exact place sky night move sky constellations move earth rotating axis
milky galaxy radio telescopes scientists discovered millions galaxies sixteen galaxies million light closest called andromeda galaxy earth galaxy seen area sky constellation named andromeda galaxy millions light farther earth constellation andromeda galaxy spiral galaxy spiral galaxy shaped milky dust gases dust gases form clouds clouds called nebulae look pictures picture orion nebula horsehead nebula horse head types galaxies spiral galaxies shape circle stretched called elliptical galaxies elliptical galaxies dust gas trillions stars type called irregular galaxy definite shape irregular galaxies clouds gas dust stars galaxies shapes scientists think galaxies group forming larger structures cigar shaped flattened pancakes galaxies space exist called universe universe formed scientists theories theory explanation observed scientists experiments test theories theory explains observations theory billion ago universe packed suddenly giant explosion flying outward galaxies stars planets formed
motion change position occurs object travels place scientists describe motion comparing moving object object moving car traveling road motion compared road non moving object case road called reference point watch classmate walk part classroom describe motion decide reference point choose simplest floor chalkboard wall row desks suppose choose wall say classmate motion compared wall appears rest evidence motion pictures girl swinging softball bat photograph arms bat position compared reference point reference point object motion moving slow rate fast rate determine fast slow need speed object speed distance object moves amount find speed moving object divide distance object moved traveled took move formula finding speed looks distance york los kilometers miles trip jet plane hours speed jet plane formula solve problem divide kilometers hours speed kilometers hour
forces change motion objects push pedal bicycle bike moves harder push faster bike moves suppose pedal bicycle hill uphill moving fast level ground change speed decrease velocity suppose moving side hill velocity increasing force gravity pulls downward force pulls roller coaster rolls faster faster drop roller coaster ride bicycle ride speed direction change motion accelerated velocity object object accelerated acceleration object mean increase object speed increase speed kind acceleration change speed direction object acceleration takes force accelerate object large mass small mass look pictures boy pushing wheelbarrow wheelbarrow appears larger mass wheelbarrow require force move boy pushes wheelbarrows amount force wheelbarrows accelerate empty wheelbarrow accelerate faster mass takes force accelerate smaller mass object accelerates faster force larger object mass smaller newton law motion idea explains faster acceleration empty wheelbarrow explains ability racing car accelerate quickly powerful engine exerts large force lightweight car frame
airplane stands ground forces acting balanced plane motion plane steady flight forces acting balanced plane stays constant motion change plane motion caused forces unbalanced forces unbalanced plane change speed direction forces act plane flight let find kinds airplanes shown airplane left propellers propellers pull airplane air spin blow air backward action creates equal opposite reaction moves airplane forward force moves airplanes forward called thrust greater thrust faster airplane travels airplane propellers fly higher faster planes propellers plane jet named type engine jet engine pushes plane forward plane thrust air enters front engine mixed fuel fuel burns quickly hot gases forced exhaust force engine exerts hot gases action reaction force gases exert engine pushing forward large jets engines total reaction force engines pushes plane forward drawing top page thrust forward force needed plane moving plane air
rocks buried deep surface earth weight weight pressure rocks minerals rocks pressure flattens minerals form looks thin bands layers rock rock shown picture metamorphic rock called gneiss bands minerals tell part rock crust magma beneath earth surface metamorphic rock form magma hot rock baked changed drawing shows magma moves solid rock photograph shows metamorphic rocks quartzite sandstone slate clay shale marble limestone metamorphic rock forms step process billions process called rock cycle rock cycle shows rock material earth mixed kind rock changed times kind rock rock cycle start place series let start magma pushes earth crust igneous rock granite formed earthquake lifts granite surface mountain range rain falls mountains small granite pieces washed streams pieces move scrape granite mass chip bits bits sediments carried streams quartz granite sand mica feldspar granite clay feldspar forms salt lime
diagram top shows sedimentary layers level pink layer bottom shows igneous rock granite surface uneven surface form worn running water layers igneous rock sedimentary layers note flat happen happened running water moved granite carrying sediments sediments filled hollows water granite hollows filled sediments laid flat layers area anticlines synclines layers metamorphic rock flat rock layers folded bent rocks bent permanently solid unbroken rock extreme pressure exerted short rock structure rock bend cracks layers rock crack move crack earth crust rocks moved called fault folds faults clues earth past layers rock folds faults lying flat clues tell event thing caused layers change force earth tilted cracked moved rocks think caused fault shown picture areas earthquakes common faults produced faults lie beneath surface picture seen san andreas fault california seen
geologists believe earth billion based rocks fossil finds history earth divided periods period events occurred led rise forms live began million ago called age recent cenozoic age period cenozoic age began million ago called age middle mesozoic age mesozoic age age ancient paleozoic age paleozoic age began million ago cenozoic mesozoic paleozoic ages percent earth history known percent called precambrian rocks fossils precambrian found traces simple plants algae found precambrian rocks geologists agree forms arose period onset paleozoic age believed huge continent earth single continent covered sheets ice south pole trilobites worms sponges snails animals backbones lived seas animals backbones called invertebrates fish appeared fish vertebrates animals backbones million ago single continent drifted north sheets ice melted shallow seas swamps covered land land plants frogs reptiles appeared earth
solid change shape particles solid free move tend stay place solid shape particles solids arranged order bricks brick wall order repeated solid solid particles arranged orderly repeated called crystal water freezes form ice forms crystals ice margin picture ice crystal looks snowflake piece ice small ice crystals fit pieces puzzle solids formed nearly elements compounds form crystals frozen picture shows table salt looks microscope crystals shape cube cubes repeated salt crystals look ice crystals crystal shape depends particles arranged crystal size depends takes form longer takes larger crystal grows section learned solutions found solid dissolves faster liquid solute dissolved liquid solution solution saturated liquid saturated solution evaporates dries liquid remains solute dissolve solute falls bottom solution forms crystals salt flats utah shown formed
chemical compounds taste sour called acids lemon juice acid orange pineapple grapefruit juices acids foods strong taste touch strongest acids hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid sulfuric acid car batteries conducts electricity small amounts hydrochloric acid produced stomach helps break food acids harmful skin clothes careful acids taste substance food acids alike ways sour taste acids hydrogen atoms chemical formulas acids hydrogen element chemical formula hydrogen chloride hydrochloric acid hcl formula sulfuric acid chemical compounds taste bitter called bases ammonia bleach baking soda bases ammonia clean windows bleach whitens clothes baking soda baking help dough rise lye base clean clogged drains loosens grease acids strong bases dangerous taste touch handle care tasting bitter bases alike ways bases group hydrogen oxygen atom oxygen atom hydrogen atom linked behave single atom groups oxygen hydrogen atoms called hydroxides hydro stands hydrogen oxide stands oxygen bases known chemical formulas formula hydroxide
lunches shown high nutrients lunch varied nutrients lunch left high protein high fat low minerals vitamins lunch high vitamins minerals low protein fat body needs nutrients found lunches suppose combined lunch hamburger green salad orange milk appeal combined lunch getting nutrients likely needed nutrients sure getting nutrients plan meals school school lunch program person job plan meals person school dietician plans school lunch menu planning menu dietician aware nutrients food food chosen meal variety nutrients diet includes amounts nutrients body needs called balanced diet balanced diet important health sure balanced diet united states department agriculture diet balanced department classified food groups milk group bread cereal group meat group vegetable fruit group chart lists foods contained food group foods milk group bread cereal group meat group vegetable fruit group number servings daily group adds balanced diet
material natural resource kinds natural resources kind replaced short called renewable natural resource wood cotton food water wildlife renewable natural resources kind replaced slow rate called non renewable natural resource minerals fossil fuels earth non renewable resources takes millions replaced rocks minerals called ores metals ores copper metal mining engineers dig mine ore minerals ore easy mine easy turn metal ores rich minerals easy mine easy turn metals poorer ores mined energy needed minerals poorer ores price metals ores goes price goes metal drawback poorer ores place rich ores amount metal poorer ore mined harmful effects environment environment including natural resource land removing large amounts ore land destroy ore miners strip land soil needed grow plants conserve mineral resources conserve energy
humans changed environment suit harmful animals plants caused extinction living things plant animal species dies extinct species animal extinct extinct bird species lived important let consider species happen pine trees extinct care mosquitoes disappeared feel honeybees happen living things pine trees mosquitoes honeybees extinct living thing habitat habitat place lives forest marsh coral reef city habitat plant animal niche niche role living thing habitat animal niche defined animal eats eats animal niche defined animal protects enemies climate defines niche photo shows chipmunk forest habitat chipmunk plants shrubs trees shown photo insects birds animals habitat chipmunk niche drawing page animal food seeds nuts fruit insects enemies eats chipmunk chipmunk protects enemies diving burrow makes burrow tunneling ground winter burrow keeps chipmunk warm tunneling soft forest ground part chipmunk niche
oil gas coal sources clean energy fuels burned release smoke gases air burning fossil fuels pollutes environment winter burn wood heat burning wood pollutes environment disadvantage wood fuel burn wood trees cut soon wood meet demand fuel happened country ago house picture page heated solar energy solar energy energy sun panels roof house collectors solar panels dark color metal tubes running black surface absorbs heat sun heat conducted water running tubes hot water heat house solar panel covered glass glass keeps cold air hot metal house large tank hot water stored heat needed nights cloudy days notice house chimney fuel burned chimney needed solar panels provide clean energy answer yes panels pollute environment raw materials panels mined panels manufactured mining manufacturing pollute environment future roofs buildings look panel water fountain top photo covered solar cells solar cells sun electricty runs pump fountain
combination heredity environment inherited set genes parents grandparents ancestors genes control traits color hair eyes skin produce traits let dancing playing sports arithmetic inherit explain influence look behave learn comes environment environment live live part environment friends teachers environment includes foods eat climate live includes books read movies games play living things affected environment traits look part controlled environment organisms species look genes experiments mice proven times mice parents identical genes raised environments mouse nourishing diet mouse eat fed mouse grows look fat healthy fur thick shiny mouse thin sickly fur sparse dull looking environments changed traits look plants plants similar seeds plants inherited genes making green leaves plant left grew sunshine leaves stems green plant raised darkness
animals born complex behaviors inherit patterns behavior called instincts web spinning behavior spiders instinct spiders born ability webs learn bird ability build nest instinct thick billed weaver shown photo takes days weave nest animals instincts instinct animal displays depends environment environment animal behavior cockroaches look food dark light turned run dark place animals move response light temperature amount food water present fall animals move distances summer homes winter homes spring move environment animals move migrate fall cold temperatures daylight lack food birds migrate fly south warmer places find food water warm weather returns spring birds fly north birds fly distances end summer arctic tern journeys northern canada antarctica mile trip kinds birds seen migrating kinds animals migrate monarch butterflies look delicate migrate nearly miles northeastern united states central mexico fall photos migration left butterflies shown flight clustered tree
animals learn imitating animals cheetahs learn care young imitating cheetahs taking care offspring humans learn things imitating babies begin talk imitating voices hear learning talk involves ways learning babies conditioned sounds mean babies begin sounds rewarded big grins lots praise parents trial error helps babies learn speak try sounds sound means want remember sound learn want thing humans ability learn complex learning process solve problems called reasoning reasoning lets respond challenges environment able remember past experiences apply experiences current situation solving problem remember scientific method solving problems similar scientific method problem riddle try solve riddle read scientific method mind farmer bought rooster rooster flew top barn windy wind flowing east west egg rooster laid roll east side west side roof answer riddle heard remember realized answer reading
nonliving object appears carry activities car moves car needs gasoline run waste exhaust car release energy gas nonliving things carry processes living things carry processes processes explained list food getting taking materials provide energy needed growth frog eats insects plant takes carbon dioxide food respiration oxygen release energy food carbon dioxide released waste excretion removing wastes produced processes growth repair increasing size organism repairing injuries tree growing taller cut healing finger movement moving organism materials inside organism legs horse enable move inside tree system tubes moving food water response reacting environment plant responds light growing light organism responds heat moving secretion making giving chemical compounds mouth waters eat secretion helps swallow food reproduction producing kind organism produce young kind continue survive processes common living organisms processes obvious difficult observe biologists agree living organisms carry processes
classifying living things idea earliest known system developed aristotle ago divided living things major groups plants animals divided plants subgroups subgroups called herbs shrubs trees animals grouped lived land animals water animals air animals later scientists tried systems animals classified harmful unnecessary plants later grouped produced fruit vegetables fibers wood early attempts classifying plants animals difficult language differences common names ago swedish biologist named carl von developed naming system von decided give type plant animal part scientific latin language longer commonly change von liked idea changed latin known today carolus linnaeus linnaeus developed classifying plants animals system based likeness structure linnaeus examined thousands organisms wrote complete descriptions linnaeus found characteristics organisms characteristics put groups group called species biologists decide organisms belong species reproduce member species reproduce member species cat dog mate produce living young belong species
found coast rocks tidal zones giant brown algae called kelp reach lengths meters brown algae sargassum lives warmer parts atlantic ocean sargassum grown dense clusters spread kilometers atlantic area sargasso sea types red algae found ocean species red algae edible japanese cooking red algae food known sushi substances red algae added foods ice cream thickening agents seen algae making types food algae making fertilizers cosmetics cattle feed biologists believe algae source protein food algae grown quickly feed earth expanding population fungi phylum protist kingdom fungi alike chlorophyll food live parasites saprophytes algae fungi roots stems leaves algae fungi reproduce sexually asexually method asexual reproduction fungi spore formation spore cell hard protective covering covering survive unfavorable conditions fungi produce billions spores spread wind shape structures spores helps classify fungi classes include sac fungi club fungi thread fungi imperfect fungi sac fungi include mildews yeasts yeast common type fungus baking
planaria tubelike mouth sticking lower surface tube sucks organic matter intestine special organ digestion food oxygen reach planaria body cells diffusion digestive wastes leave tubelike mouth wastes leave planaria body specialized tubes discussed earlier planaria amazing ability regenerate planaria reproduce sexually producing eggs sperm round worms belong phylum nematoda worms found type environment common rotting apple roundworms estimated cubic meter soil million roundworms parasites plants animals hookworm disease humans oocurs frequently warmer climates hookworms enter penetrating skin loss blood tissue damage disease spreads explains barefoot especially warm climates human disease caused roundworms trichinosis eating undercooked pork source infection trichina worm infection pain stiffness muscles general roundworms slender smooth intestine openings end mouth food enters food digested absorbed passes intestine remaining waste continues excreted opening called anus food wastes travel direction arrangement efficient opening intestine segmented worms members phylum annelida worms live oceans fresh water soil worm body clearly divided number sections called segments segmented worms complex group worms developed systems organs
unlike exoskeleton arthropods endoskeleton limit growth animal vertebrates whale elephant largest animals vertebrates complex animals animals head neck body tail pairs limbs inside body cavity organs heart intestines stomach vertebrates highly specialized systems organs nervous system brain developed sense organs circulatory system heart pumps blood system blood vessels vertebrates divided classes classes include jawless fish cartilage fish bony fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals studying classes lesson sea lamprey jawless fish mouth round sharp teeth lamprey jaws open close mouth fish feeds attaching suckerlike mouth species fish lamprey sucks blood body fluids weakens kills fish sea lamprey presence lakes created problems fishing industry finally methods found control number animals class vertebrates cartilage fish sharks rays skates cartilage fish jaws sharks lined rows sharp curved teeth teeth help shark grasp hold food shaking shark rips large chunks flesh victim teeth front row wear tear teeth move forward replace
spreading sea floors mid ocean ridge broken earth crust large pieces piece moving plate earth crust large plates smaller plates grow mid ocean ridge move speed cm continents carried moving plates logs frozen ice river powerful forces moving gigantic plates scientist believe forces start inside body earth experienced effects cold water added hot water wash basin bathtub cold water dense hot water sinks current created moves mixes water scientists believe similar slow moving currents set mantle heat moves crust fig sea floor spreading result material carried currents places crust downward motion currents mantle plate pulled beneath edge action returns crustal material earth interior slow currents mantle material added crust mid ocean ridge material lost places plate pushed plate tectonics theory states crust moving plates driven powerful forces inside earth theory plate tectonics caused change scientists think workings earth
running water erodes land surface material eroded depends local conditions soil rock materials dissolve water small particles lifted carried water water carrying small particles soil rock looks muddy dirty larger particles rolled dragged ground erosion proceeds rapidly areas soil loosely packed slope steep heavy rainfalls wash soil rapidly light showers soil absorb rain falls places southern california heavy rains common rainstorm huge flow mud suddenly move slope valley sudden mud flows destroy houses buildings paths fig careless land speeds rate erosion plants protect soil natural plant cover removed soil exposed runoff eroded grass trees planted roadways help hold soil place farmers plow hillsides reduce erosion fields fig river systems formed streams running water merge bottom river channel called bed sides called banks place river flows larger body water called mouth rivers young terms refer condition shape riverbed age river river young large difference elevation river watershed area mouth result water flows swiftly channel soil rock particles carried rolled water scrape riverbed
effect wave action depends force waves type rock makes shoreline rocks broken faster rate rates erosion help produce shoreline features figure shows sea cliff sea cliffs steep faces rock eroded waves waves straight shore continually wear base sea cliff rocks top cliff eventually tumble ground wave action sea cliff worn process platform formed base cliff platform called terrace terraces slow erosion cliff terrace wide waves lose force reach base cliff sea caves formed waves hollow weak rock sea cliff unequal erosion rock produces sea stacks sea stacks lone columns rock stand short distance offshore fig rock particles produced grinding action waves pushed shore parts shoreline covered ground material areas called beaches beaches covered fine sand large particles pebbles fig kind material found beaches reflects makeup coastline sediment carried rivers streams rivers carry large amounts sand coastline sand vary color white black depending source erosion volcanic rocks produced black beaches number islands pacific
oxygen supply stream lake upset substances growth plants dumped water substance called phosphate phosphates found detergents small forms plant water grow rapidly plants decay dissolved oxygen water upsets natural balance water result killing living things body water maintain pure water supply materials damage natural balance allowed enter streams lakes kind water pollution period kind pollution caused chemicals entering water supply chemicals industrial wastes small amounts chemicals control insects fertilizers carried water supply runoff water homes small amounts chemicals industry agriculture effect chemicals human health forms water known kind pollution comes oil spills oceans oil released accidents tankers offshore oil wells past oil pollution tankers cleaning oil storage tanks sea water international laws prevent pollution accidental oil spills continue problem oil pollution sea kill natural floating oil spreads finally sinks sea floor floating oil reaches shore beaches ruined marine destroyed
voltage electrical circuit measured instrument called voltmeter voltmeter part electric circuit voltage circuit read dial voltmeter automobiles voltmeter instrument panel voltmeter tells driver voltage car electrical system run starter lights parts electric circuits want voltage hard electrons pushed current flowing measure amount current amperes ampere measures amount charge moving past point circuit sec ampere called amp short measurement voltage amperage describes behavior electric currents circuit high voltage low amperage small swiftly flowing stream hand circuit high amperage low voltage large slow moving river amperage circuit measured attaching instrument called ammeter circuit push book top desk book slide easily happen put rubber eraser book desk top force needed slide book ease moved conditions true electrons electrons move material meet resistance resistance conditions limit flow electrons electric circuit light bulb adds resistance electric circuit
magnet turn freely swing poles point north south small magnet put floating cork fig magnet act compass lodestone early compasses mineral natural magnet according laws magnetic attraction repulsion compass earth acts magnet imagine giant magnet inside earth fig compass point north south magnetic poles attracted opposite poles magnet earth course giant magnet buried earth scientists able discover exactly earth acts magnet result slow movements hot materials deep inside earth earth magnetism effect huge magnet buried earth today reasonable earth magnetism explain behavior compasses compasses centuries idea suggested william gilbert physician queen elizabeth england decided earth magnet predicted earth found magnetic poles poles discovered laws magnetic attraction repulsion completely understood magnetic pole earth north pole compass needle points incorrectly named north magnetic pole magnetic pole earth actually south pole attracts opposite pole compass needle fig
heat hundred ago scientist answered question saying heat invisible weightless fluid soaks object object heated drains cooling according theory ice changed water heat fluid added heat fluid added water steam burned hands sliding quickly rope burns caused heat fluid squeezed rope theory explain observations heat heat move hot object cold object heat leaves warm house cold weather replaced constantly behavior heat support idea heat flows place theory heat fluid pass important test scientific theory experiments showed heat heat fluid experiment benjamin thompson thompson american government official europe called count rumford charge cannon factory days cannons drilling machines run horses fig rumford noticed cannons hot process set experiment cannon drilled surrounded wooden box water hours drilling water began boil continued boil drilling rumford experiment showed supply heat limit kind matter contained metal cannon
looking night sky stars brightness actually brightest stars seen actually planets venus mars jupiter saturn easily seen telescope planets sorted stars observing positions night night stars position neighboring stars planets move stars stars actually move slightly observed months earth moves orbit closer stars shift positions relation distant stars tree appears shift position viewed moving car fig apparent motion called parallax parallax star measured distance computed sun star closest earth distance closest star sun trillion km express distance distance light travels distance called light speed light km sec trillion km yr nearest star light stars light solar system distances stars space greater distances planets solar system distance sun pluto fraction light distance stars measured parallax scientists methods measure distance stars method makes spectrum radiant energy star
astronomers observing stars carefully surface temperatures stars measured red stars yellow stars white stars blue white stars observed blue white stars hottest surface temperatures red stars coolest surface temperatures astronomers discovered relationship star surface temperature brightness absolute magnitude relationship shown diagram shown fig star represented diagram according surface temperature absolute magnitude stars fall narrow band diagram band includes hot stars upper left cool stars lower group includes known stars called main sequence stars fall main sequence kind appears upper diagram bright stars red color low surface temperatures high absolute magnitudes brightness results size called red giants group stars found main sequence appears lower left diagram white drawfs produce white light small weak scientists believe main sequence stars stages stars born proceed stages shown fig larger size star birth faster goes stages star sirius times massive sun going stages times faster sun stars stages seen night sky
venus earth large gravity hold gases form atmosphere mercury lost gases completely lacks atmosphere mars thin layer gases surface cool outer regions farther sun frozen materials hydrogen helium major part planets giant outer planets large gravity force able form atmospheres tens thousands kilometers thickness result formed plants mercury venus earth mars completely solid distant planets jupiter saturn uranus neptune remain small solid cores surrounded thick covering light weight icy materials information pluto determine structure blast energy developing sun swept solar system free gas dust remaining planets formed asteroids left space planets grown large planets satellites planets objects collided young planets collisions created craters seen today moon mercury mars earth craters early history earth craters completely erased erosion planets began grow interiors cool material collected interior warm partly caused decay radioactive material heat impact material colliding growing planet earth hot melt completely happened lighter heavier materials making planet separated
air lungs breath single gas mixture gases amount gases contained air air gases air small amounts dust nitrogen plentiful gases air makes percent volume occupied air fig nitrogen air lungs breath exhale plants need nitrogen nitrogen air bacteria live soil roots plants clover nitrogen air change forms plants action lightning makes nitrogen compounds air compounds plants compounds carried rain soil absorbed roots plants animals eat plants nitrogen need waste products animals dead plants break release nitrogen soil bacteria nitrogen released atmosphere process nitrogen air returned air called nitrogen cycle fig page nitrogen cycle returns nitrogen air removed keeps amount nitrogen air constant oxygen plentiful gas air makes percent air volume animals remove oxygen air breathe
density air affects temperature radiant energy passes easily dense clear air high altitudes denser layers lower altitudes result land high altitudes warmed faster land valleys night thin mountain air hold heat denser air lower altitudes result air cools rapidly night mountains daytime night temperatures deserts vary deal desert air water vapor help hold heat round shape earth sun rays strike surface angles places fig regions equator receive direct rays sun polar regions receive slanting rays direct rays falling equator effective delivering energy equator air hotter poles transfer heat equator poles equator constantly hotter poles continue grow colder happen air moves heated evenly air heated density molecules move violently heated air push farther causing air dense surrounding cooler air higher density move heated air forcing warmer air upward cool air moves warm air density difference movement air caused density differences called convection examples movement heating systems houses convection system heated air comes room floor warm air pushed moves ceiling
air remains part earth surface takes properties region air sits warm ocean waters warm moist hand air stays cold regions poles cold low temperatures prevent air holding moisture air dry large body air takes temperature humidity region called air mass air masses cover millions square kilometers reach surface earth height km altitude huge body air temperature humidity places earth surface air masses formed called source regions general source regions air masses affect north america source regions kinds air masses formed fig northern canada alaska source regions cold dry polar air winter polar air masses bring cold weather carried prevailing westerlies eastern part country cool moist air masses formed northern pacific ocean masses bring rain snow pacific northwest air masses move country pass mountains lose moisture drier air masses bring mild fair weather eastern united states moist polar air masses form northern atlantic ocean drift europe cool moist air masses invade england states bringing rain summer heavy snow winter
motions sea water result sun energy energy reaches sea form wind sun heats atmosphere causing winds winds blow surface sea creating currents water sea moves direction current formed windblown sea currents studied lesson currents formed sun energy directly absorbed water heating cooling ocean affects density water water cooled density increases cold dense water generally heavy sinks warmer dense water cold water arctic antarctic sinks ocean floor cold water forms currents move slowly bottom ocean equator warmer water equator moves surface ocean poles replacing colder sinking water manner general currents set ocean bottom cold water moves equator surface warmer water moves poles currents produced salinity sea water salinity water increases density water increases water sinks formation ice salinity increased ice formed fresh water water surrounding newly formed ice higher salinity salinity increase evaporation water surface cases surface water higher salinity higher density sinks dense water current caused differences salinity found entrance mediterranean sea strait gibraltar
warning system set pacific ocean tsunamis common earthquake tsunami occurs living coastal regions warned radio tsunamis move speeds km hr earthquake waves travel faster hours warning move shore higher ground experience waves called tsunamis wave familiar large wave called tide makes sea level rise fall regularly places observation tides shows regular waves crest wave brings high tide trough wave brings low tide period water twelve hours high low tides hours huge waves sea answer question involves moon sun earth moon sun attract gravity force moon gravity force greater effect tides gravity force sun water sea free move moon gravity pulls sea water bulge moon similar bulge found side earth opposite moon side earth gravity force water rotation earth pulling earth moon create bulge sea bulges facing moon farthest moon
newton law motion shows force needed move curving path sit rotating turntable force required move circular path force supplied friction surface turntable smooth surface friction force large thrown force friction move circular path whirling object end string similar turntable ride fig pull string supplies force needed pull object straight line path curving path hand feels force pulling outward string test shows important fact forces force exists forces exist pairs fact forces exist discovered newton principle law motion action equal opposite reaction fig weight book pushes table force force called action force table pushes book equal opposite force force supplied table reaction force fig held book hand feel reaction force muscles supply jet rocket engine works principle action reaction forces cases hot gases forced rear engine engine exerts force gases push gases turn exert equal opposite force engine
jet airplane flying speed sound powerful sound waves called sonic booms object moving air makes kind sound wave pushing air fig aircraft move slower speed sound catch disturbance flying speed sound aircraft moves path air easily moves aircraft speed sound aircraft thrust air creates powerful sound wave sounds thunder reaches ground material sound waves move effect speed water sound moves speed sec steel temperature speed sound sec general sound moves faster solids liquids particles able vibrate easily approaching train heard greater distance listening noise rails noise air account waves sound frequency sounds created vibrating frequency determined fast source vibrating fig vibration fast resulting frequency high short guitar string produces sound higher frequency longer string vibrates slowly easily able hear sounds frequencies hz average ear sensitive sounds frequencies hz frequency sound high sound high pitch
late armies countries including united states device send signals means sunlight reflected mirror device called heliograph greek words helios meaning sun graphein meaning write heliograph equipment consisted mirrors mounted tripod shutter interrupt flashes mounted tripod fig sun front sender rays reflected directly receiver shutter opened closed produce short flashes sunlight flashes sunlight reproduced pattern dots dashes morse code message received km ordinary conditions send messages sunlight light move straight path travels air fig light travels straight path easily direct reflected light motion light shown straight lines called rays rays show path light follows moves substance air light rays reflected surface flat mirror follow path happens rays reflected angle strike mirror fig result pattern light rays changed look flat mirror reflected rays forming exact image front mirror fig light rays falling uneven surface walls room reflected directions
eyes camera camera light reflected produced object falls film records picture eye reflected light received fig light falls special nerve brain image camera eye important part makes formation image important part lens lens bends light rays light rays refracted lens fig lenses refract light ways depending purpose device lenses eyes refract light properly need eyeglasses lenses eyeglasses help lenses eyes produce clear images telescopes lenses help distant objects clearly lenses microscopes allow small things visible eye fig able lenses bend light rays lenses look simple magnifying glass lenses magnifying glass curved surface fig surface lens curved edges thinner center shape called convex lens refraction light convex lens compared light refracted prism convex lens shape similar prisms combined shown fig light rays pass prisms meet smoothly rounded surface convex lens bends light rays lens light rays meet smaller region
ordinarily electrons move endlessly nucleus atom gaining losing energy happens atom supplied energy form atom electric current add energy atom extra energy electron atom move farther nucleus makes happen attractive force positive nucleus negative electron overcome extra energy overcomes attraction nucleus electron electrons jump shell farther nucleus outer electrons atom jumps adding energy electron causing move nucleus makes electron unstable unstable electron fall original position position closer nucleus fig happens positive charge nucleus electrons pulled unstable electron moves nucleus extra energy released fig energy generally form light energy form parts electromagnetic spectrum infrared ultraviolet waves electricity passed gas inside glass tube visible light fig light frequencies colors light passed special instrument separate color frequency seen single bright line hydrogen produces violet colored lines red lines arrangement light frequencies produced glowing hydrogen gas
american scientist named gilbert lewis suggested picturing atoms help explain formed chemical bonds lewis system symbol atom represents nucleus electrons dots symbol represent outer electrons kind symbol called electron dot model atom electron dot model hydrogen write electron dot model hydrogen molecule dots symbol additional dot pairs nitrogen fluorine molecule number atoms hydrogen molecule hydrogen atoms reason look electron dot model hydrogen hydrogen atom outer electron hydrogen molecule formed electrons shared hydrogen atoms molecule outer electron shell hydrogen atoms filled atoms hydrogen molecule gain additional electrons hydrogen atoms study shown outer electrons atom determine atom chemical behavior outer electrons determine atom join atoms table shows outer electron arrangement number atoms table arranged periodic chart show chemical families knowing outer electron arrangement atom makes predict atom form chemical bonds valence atom
collisions happen crowd molecules speed burning charcoal coal blowing air fire brings oxygen molecules combine fuel burning reaction speeds fig concentration reacting substances affects speed reaction concentration describes molecules found space generally increase concentration reacting materials speed reaction decrease concentration slow reaction reactants solid reaction speed increased breaking solid smaller pieces increases surface area permits solid touch reacting substances piece wood burn dangerously fast surface area greatly increased sawdust explosions occur grain elevators coal mines flour mills air filled dust burn small spark dust particles begin burning rapidly sudden release heat causing explosion mixture sugar water dissolves faster stirred surface area sugar exposed water molecules touch order react collide force collision break chemical bonds allow form means molecules react energy collide force chemical reaction start reactants needed energy amount energy needed start chemical reaction called threshold energy
growing season months suited growth dense forest deciduous trees trees store plenty food growing season cool autumn fewer hours sunlight moisture cool dry days deciduous trees leaves sealed rest trees layers cells soon leaves change colors chlorophyll breaks fall trees spend winter dormant forests called broadleaf forests broad flat leaves maximum sunlight photosynthesis forests consist mainly beech maple ash basswood oak hickory elm trees local conditions soil moisture temperature vary forest area result types trees growing area vary parts forest climax stage northern part forest maples beeches hemlocks climax stage appalachian mountains climax oaks south oak hickory climax stages give magnolia forests coast deciduous forest divided layers strata canopy includes tops tallest trees area receives full light sun takes impact rain light passes stratum smaller trees beneath strata layer shrubs reach height meter ground ferns wild flowers area called herb layer finally forest floor centimeters ground mosses lichens mushrooms forest litter
human ecosystems need supply materials energy substances environment called natural resources provide food water clothing shelter energy animals plants soil water coal examples natural resources human ecosystems energy constantly replaced materials human ecosystems recycled ecosystems materials energy replaced reasons humans need protect wisely natural resources known conservation natural resources renewable renewable resources replaced reasonable amount include plants animals air water plants animals reproduce replace kind air water replaced recycled nonrenewable resources replaced include metals minerals oil coal soil considered nonrenewable resource takes centimeter topsoil replaced result soil need land reasons growing crops building homes roads recreation amount land limited increases decreases urban areas increase hectares projects including roads gobbled hectares rural land land lost farmland millions acres land worn overfarming deserts billion metric tons soil carried wind water soil slowly replaced rocks exposed weather eventually break form soil
smog problem city surrounded hills mountains city basin cold air puts lid basin traps warm air auto factory pollutants remain basin pollute air sunlight chemical reactions smog times smog bad caused deaths smog occurs large industrial cities london york city plants affected pollutants growth trees slowed vegetable leaves wilt plants die estimates show percent air pollution due cars antipollution devices required cars stricter controls pollution factories power plants needed controls expensive costs result higher prices factory products water pollution problem river burn cuyahoga river ohio brown industrial wastes actually burn wastes passed food chains higher level consumers oil spills tankers polluted oceans fish killed breeding grounds destroyed clam oyster beds ruined beautiful seashores damaged cost cleaning spills expensive power plants factories water coolant water rivers cool generators hot water returned naturally cool waters fish killed warm water survive don reproduce warm water holds dissolved oxygen cold water temperature barriers prevent salmon returning upstream spawn rivers result increasing awareness conservation laws passed protect resources
scientists think america ago ice age early settlers ancestors american indians large continuous migration early settlers america continent small groups period thousands anthropologists studied early indians material culture pots tools weapons estimate migrations ended ago ice age began north america scientists estimate started million ago ended ago period glaciers huge sheets slowly moving ice covered north america temperatures cold sea water froze turned glaciers sea water froze water level dropped meters feet bering strait today separates asia north america wide stretch dry land ice age scientists believe migrate america bering strait land bridge scientists think newcomers settled present alaska slowly newcomers began follow game herds southward ice free routes slopes rocky mountains early indians eventually passed southern edge glaciers crossing present continental united states indians migrated present united states encountered climate warmer climate alaska temperatures mild rainfall abundant land covered dense forests tall grasses lakes swamps lush plant
colony virginia founded london company group london merchants interested starting settlement north america london company settlement established jamestown start wrong jamestown colonists chosen poor location settlement ground colony swampy malaria killed colonists proved problem gentlemen felt job hard chopping wood building houses planting crops result jamestown food stored winter spring half colony dead colonist john smith determined prevent colony failing ordered colonists clear fields plant crops build houses smith policy food angered gentlemen saved colony smith contact powhatan chief area algonquian tribes powhatan friendly smith newcomers chief offered food colonists help hard times settlers supplies arrived london company smith left england october satisfied colony sooner left colonists fell lazy habits attention paid crops winter paid heavy price colony population dropped settlers food supplies low colonists ate rats dogs insects frogs snakes survivors ready head england june relief ships arrived
charles ii issued grant land friends grant large covering area south virginia spanish florida area granted proprietors carolina areas settlement developed carolina colonial period established albemarle sound northeastern section carolina settlers land swampy sandy productive settlement present charleston called charles town mid began residents english islands west indies large sugar plantations worked slave labor driven small independent farmers farmers migrated carolina search fresh start farmers begun growing rice indigo plantations surrounding countryside plantations huge fortunes owners weather area unpleasant places live planters left swampy fields managed caretakers charleston built splendid mansions lived pleasant southern colonies love music widespread villagers bring fiddles instruments festive occasions charleston musical center public concerts early carolina grant split colonies north south carolina king north south carolina control royal colonies english colony established america georgia james oglethorpe received grant king george ii organize colony south carolinas georgia expected serve purposes supposed serve barrier protecting carolinas attack spanish florida
july congress called elections set government elections held january february george washington unanimous choice president john adams won vice presidency april george washington received notification election set home virginia york city temporary capital united states nervous feeling anxious painful sensations words express cheered crowds supporters route york washington arrival york caused excitement cannons boomed crowds cheered flags flew building april washington installed office inaugurated responsibilities facing president enormous washington president model set policy direct nation judgment knew watching closely eyes americans washington complained slip pass unnoticed washington knew actions president set precedent future presidents follow washington wanted fill government positions friends constitution selected trusted associates head department executive branch picked alexander hamilton friend york secretary treasury hamilton handle financial matters government general henry knox massachusetts chosen handle military affairs secretary war washington picked governor virginia edmund randolph attorney general randolph advising president matters law finally thomas jefferson look foreign affairs secretary washington quickly established practice calling department heads advice
aaron burr complex figures american history brilliant attorney hero american revolution dedicated vice president pride schemer burr born newark jersey parents died burr burr raised uncle found burr bright rebelious child burr entered princeton university age studied law war independence burr served generals regiment commander fought bravely battle monmouth war burr active york politics appointed attorney general york elected united states senate later member york assembly burr tied thomas jefferson race presidency house representatives chose jefferson president burr vice president united states finished term vice president burr decided run alexander hamilton governor york burr lost election campaign hamilton remarked burr dangerous trusted reins government burr responded challenging hamilton duel july election met weehawken jersey opinions differ hamilton fired burr hamilton shot fatally wounded burr punished shooting returned washington finished term vice president
james monroe elected president virginian row hold office thomas jefferson james madison called virginia dynasty led nation total james monroe revolutionary war leaders serve president took office monroe served continental army diplomat united states served madison secretary monroe president bitterness war ended harmony pride nation americans proud outcome war united desire nation grow prosper felt relieved bitter fighting political parties past soon inauguration monroe goodwill tour country monroe visit boston newspaper writer remarked nation entering era feelings phrase describe strong sense unity harmony nation era feelings supreme court handed hundreds decisions aimed promoting interests nation national government case mcculloch maryland marshall court declared federal government power create bank gibbon ogden court upheld national government regulate trade states era feelings improved british american relations charge foreign affairs secretary john quincy adams son president john adams
early americans believe america destiny rule continent ocean ocean matter western lands belonged nations united states intended control belief known manifest destiny territorial expansion major issue presidential election whig party nominated henry clay kentucky clay wanted nation expand westward believed slowly rapid expansion lead war britain mexico james polk tennessee democratic candidate firmly believed territorial expansion polk wanted united states gain possession oregon wanted texas brought union election polk defeated clay victory meant america pursue course rapid territorial expansion texas admitted union march days polk inaugurated northern democrats decided southern democrats desire bring texas union slave expected polk southern democrats bring oregon free return december polk congress propose acquisition entire oregon territory included land present oregon north alaska polk proposed northern boundary oregon north latitude polk proposal meant joint control oregon britain end bold move led war democrats supported president fifty forty fight popular slogan british want fight war remote wilderness home british government offered negotiate dispute
abolitionist john brown dissatisfied setbacks antislavery movement experiencing early developed plan free southern slaves plan seize band followers federal arsenal harpers ferry virginia west virginia brown planned give arsenal guns thousands slaves slaves lead widespread slave revolt end slavery south abolitionists brown nearly finance plan evening october brown followers secretly entered harpers ferry captured arsenal seizing thousands weapons governor wise virginia called militia requested help federal government federal troops stormed arsenal captured brown severely wounded brown put trial murder treason found guilty sentenced brown spoke court forfeit mingle blood blood millions slave country rights disregarded wicked cruel unjust actions submit let john brown sentenced hanged december brown gallows millions northerners admire brown dedication antislavery southerners firmly believed needed protection northerners sympathized john brown april democrats gathered charleston south carolina decide presidential candidate northern democrats backed stephen douglas stand popular sovereignty southern democrats rejected douglas insisted party support federal protection slave owners property territories arguments heated northern southern democrats
charlotte forten educator writer born philadelphia wealthy free black family early forten tutored home forten father refused allow attend separate black schools firm believer equal educational opportunities charlotte forten bright student eager prove capable white student forten school salem massachusetts completing teacher training course forten hired teach white salem school black teacher hired salem school system teach children white residents civil war provided forten opportunity help educate freed slaves show function citizens union forces captured sea islands port royal st helena islands home wealthy cotton plantation owners slaves confederate soldiers white plantation owners fled thousands slaves left group northern reformers including charlotte forten decided islands teach slaves show slaves worthy whites citizenship reformers named plan port royal experiment volunteered teach islands children educated port royal experiment program known forten published account experience atlantic monthly forten left islands returned philadelphia studied taught wrote married francis james grimke slave known member clergy
corruption poisoned local politics affected politics national level worst forms corruption spoils system system government jobs political loyalty ability president elected give government jobs supporters supporters party number jobs large federal jobs government jobs paid salaries spoils system federal employees bought jobs giving money political candidates office employees opportunities corrupt dealings kickbacks bribes common rutherford hayes president planned end spoils system hayes tried clean corruption federal employees congress opposed able overcome opposition end term office hayes viewed failure ended spoils system enemies liked president wrote diary hayes chosen republicans run term republican party late divided main groups stalwarts halfbreeds groups factions disagree important issues rivals benefits spoils system faction wanted federal jobs members republicans nominated james garfield president chester arthur vice president garfield belonged faction arthur leader stalwarts garfield arthur narrowly defeated democratic opponents election james garfield large handsome
ida wells teacher journalist lecturer devoted fighting black rights wells born slave holly springs mississippi civil war attended freedmen high school age sole support family parents died yellow fever wells teacher segregated rural school wells moved memphis tennessee continued teach wells angered inferior educational facilities provided black children began write articles small black owned newspapers memphis school board learned articles refused renew wells teaching contract wells full journalist part owner newspaper memphis free speech friends lynched wells expressed strong disapproval crime newspaper event led wells investigate lynchings publish facts surfaced lectured united states abroad black rights formed antilynching societies wells marriage settled chicago published red story history lynchings south reported persons put death mobs gave victims opportunity lawful defense ida wells concerned welfare chicago black population helped blacks find jobs places live legal aid wells took part organizing national association advancement colored criticized speaking loudly remained true words compromise injustice
beginning war allied powers advantage central powers allies larger population greater supply resources central powers central powers knew win war quickly win germany plan quick victory germans wanted capture paris capital france quickly defeat french army german plan failed french help belgians british stopped german army paris combat western part europe known western front fall war western front bogged hundreds thousands soldiers faced battle line kilometers miles extended borders switzerland north sea armies side dug parallel ditches trenches deep conceal soldiers standing upright trenches muddy uncomfortable unhealthy armies side fought trenches small victoris won battle lines western front remained unchanged fighting eastern europe called eastern front armies central powers faced russia russians lost major battles germans discontent war disagreement policies russian government led revolution russia end russia pulled war fighting took place areas war important battleground atlantic ocean sides powerful navies
dominican republic island nation caribbean sea heavily influenced united states dictator dominican republic general rafael trujillo assassinated government overthrown discontent government strong revolution began juan bosch leader dominican republic president johnson feared bosch establish communist government president ordered american troops dominican republic help put revolution american forces remained island withdrawn bosch defeated president johnson forceful action dominican crisis stirred debate critics charged johnson misunderstood nature revolt led juan bosch critics argued bosch dominican nationalist communist revolt civil war act communist aggression debate american action dominican republic soon ended issues raised debate revived greater controversy amerian policy vietnam lyndon johnson president november war vietnam going communists controlled north american backed government ruled south south vietnam communist guerrillas called vietcong continued fight south vietnamese government president eisenhower authorized american military aid south vietnam president kennedy increased number american military advisers south vietnam death president kennedy considering expanding american role vietnam head south vietnamese government saigon corrupt unpopular leader named ngo din diem
october known runner alberto salazar predicted beat bill rogers upcoming york marathon rodgers winner york marathon york marathon record holder rodgers responded saying firm point rookie going beat salazar won race clipped seconds rodgers record american run mile marathon hours minutes fastest marathon run salazar spectacular performance york marathon exciting run york marathon race salazar predicted break record held australian derek clayton october salazar trimmed seconds record won york marathon record salazar prepares race running average kilometers miles week stays strict schedule beginning morning workouts precisely keeps track workouts keeps diary times distances salazar records feelings sense commitment running bosthon marathon salazar front end race lead shrinking suffering dehydration salazar managed find reserves running won race mere seconds claimed want win comes pain guy major wins york boston salazar proved
american capacity invention nation valuable resources genius produced marvels technology benefit americans advance technology century caused fundamental change american society sociologist daniel bell called society high technology postindustrial society term high technology refers highly complex electronic devices computers computers today play central role making distributing nation goods computers direct robot arms automobile factories oversee operation farms banks countless enterprises postindustrial society marked increased productivity industry agriculture high level productivity reduces number jobs industries number jobs heavy industries automaking steel production declines sign postindustrial society increasing importance technology education computers assist instruction basic skills levels education universities colleges conduct basic research technological advances recent breakthroughs science technology impressive united states launched skylab orbiting space laboratory skylab important experiments april united states launched reusable space shuttle columbia space shuttle carried satellites orbit space shuttle challenger flight achievements medicine equally impressive genetic research offers hope preventing birth defects crippling diseases organ transplants common medical practice electronic pacemakers inside thousands americans help prevent heart attacks
thing live kinds homes eat foods wear kinds clothing ways needs need air water need food clothing home need love things need clothing build homes grow food grow food clothing buy things need earn money money buy need kinds jobs things black makes boats mrs hale makes shirts things goods goods things touch goods goods hand person makes thing things look alike goods factories factories machines goods quickly sell goods kind job things jobs services services things paid workers pictures serve skills want need
building house takes lot jobs workers build frame frame holds house workers put floor put walls roof house needs lights heat water workers put wires pipes doors windows house ready angelos move needs clothing clothes protect safe warm clothes things clothes wool wool comes sheep evans raises sheep spring shears sheep evans sells wool mill mill workers clean wool dye spin thread workers weave thread cloth sew clothes mill sells clothing store car needs energy burns fuel energy cars gas fuel car gas energy energy stops things need energy things fun safe healthy comfortable happen things running short gas oil running fuels workers trying ways energy car gas sunlight makes run save energy ride bikes walk want turn lights leave room pay fuel save energy save money
walked home school today today mother started working home school keys bigger key downstairs door practised mom days school going scout meetings days visiting tony jerry david days playing soccer soccer team days mom pick home allowed walk home dark days coming home school mrs scott lives door need lonely want visit hears coming stairs opens door say hello says home afternoon lock door call bisquits promised dad call mom office say home glad hear locked door tell remember knocks let tell mom busy later mom says note bookcase hall tells loves home find note says fold note put pocket
phone rings say hello lady asks mother say mother call message lady says yes spells write tells phone number write thanks says bye bisquits thinks put note kitchen table sugar bowl remember hamburgers freezer page homework wash glass milk look window dark shadows mean night coming bisquits count lights windows street animals resting bisquits cuddly likes town bisquits says animals hope town bisquits says maybe mom mind promise room clean clock mom home show mom town built clock tower magic music box beautiful mom says leave days promise room clean ask yes says promise show note mrs franklin show hamburgers defrosting dinner mom says job proud tell lemon seeds planted school today candy dish making clay
special family special family friends hear voice things things things special short names help special find names look families special family special live home home special home special family makes home special place rico room rico likes room likes things picture rico room find rico bed find door families change families bigger smaller family stay size change grow ways change ways stay look red line shows tall roy roy line shows tall learn things family helps learn family learns rule tells thing rules safe rules help home clean rules give turn let grown turn stove turns feeding dog put things families talk special words words family things families speak languages speak hands
suppose travel country surprise united states areas land regions regions climb hills mountains cross wide rivers regions land flat sand rocks times walk cool green forests natural differences affect live parts country affect land earn living country divided land regions look map page find coastal plain region extends northeast southeast coast united states plain low flat land area find plain map page atlantic ocean borders plain east body water south west atlantic coastal plain area hills mountains called highland region appalachian highlands find highlands map page appalachian highlands includes mountains heard blue ridge mountains virginia look map page find interior plains huge flat region stretches center united states mississippi river flows plains north gulf coastal plain interior highlands area known hills rivers forests find interior highlands map page look map page find rocky mountains
today warm sunny cold rainy answer questions talking weather weather air place kind weather region climate words describe climate words temperature measure hot cold place places fairly high temperatures period warm climates places fairly low temperatures cold climates map page shows differences temperature parts country heat comes sun sun shines temperatures higher daytime night climate wetness dryness places receive deal wetness moisture rain snow hail fog forms moisture form moisture moisture makes air feel damp humid places receive lot moisture period wet climates places receive moisture period dry climates united states climates pictures page show climate winter parts country picture left facing page tell climate connecticut winters hot cold wet dry picture tell arizona climate differences climate important reasons climate affects live affects affects land
country celebrating fourth july july declaration independence signed document written signed early leaders country purpose country separate independent britain remember july nation born signing declaration independence philadelphia huge fourth july celebration city held fair million fair saw inventions typewriter telephone parade marched town independence hall july country huge celebration called bicentennial celebration celebrated country hundredth birthday sailing ships nations helped united states celebrate hundredth birthday ships sailed york harbor sailed short distance hudson river banks river ships communities regions country buried capsules dug july huge birthday celebration fourth july celebration special bicentennial celebrate fourth july town united states parade display fireworks cities special feasts places dress clothes early days country ways remembering country independence
learned waterways southeast key resource region important natural resources coal iron oil materials coal iron dug earth called minerals getting coal ground major industry highland areas southeast look map page find highland area states area iron ore dug ground georgia alabama louisiana mississippi giant machines oil ground water southeast pine oak forests provide wood building homes manufacturing furniture waters atlantic ocean gulf mexico kinds fish found important catches grouper red snapper shrimp soil growing plants called fertile southeast coastal plain fertile soil river valleys especially mississippi river find mississippi river map page note kinds crops grown river mississippi river flows gulf mexico louisiana place river empties larger body water called mouth river mississippi flows south floods river carries huge amounts soil banks river leaves soil mouth area land mouth river called delta delta mississippi river built large amounts rich soil
jamestown grew english settlers southeast form colonies king england gave large area land group friends founded colonies north south carolina colonists settled georgia led named james oglethorpe georgia english colony settled southeast french explorers mississippi river canada early settlements biloxi mississippi mobile alabama important town orleans louisiana orleans mouth mississippi river boats carrying furs north sail mississippi orleans furs traded goods europe orleans location trade helped town grow mid france fought war britain france lost war land america britain controlled canada war britain forced group french settlers canada settle southeast acadians nova scotia hard journey acadians finally settled area lafayette louisiana today descended acadians known cajuns southeast changed deal spain england france began settlements early settlements towns large centers industry early trails rugged roads superhighways rivers busy waterways trade population southeast grown million southeast fourth total population united states
kind music fan rock music listen tunes shows movies kinds music lived nashville tennessee chances fan country music nashville called country music capital nashville nickname music city nashville grown deal reason interest country music words music tell everyday things ordinary country songs home railroads truck drivers caring popular today country music fans united states foreign countries country music began southeast started music settlers nearly ago words songs played fiddles guitars songs told problems feelings britain scotland ireland music based songs homelands inentions helped spread country music phonograph radio country music heard radio stations nashville country music program called barn dance today program called grand ole opry broadcast radio program country say grand ole opry started country music boom grand ole opry broadcast live week grand ole opry house today program comes theater built especially broadcast program
detroit began french trading post chicago location helped leading trade manufacturing center charles king drove detroit called horseless carriage automobile seen city soon automobile factories built detroit automobiles took deal took costly rich afford henry ford automobile maker idea decided speed car making divided making car small jobs ford designed moving belt slowly carried car body past row workers body passed worker job end line car complete assembly line ford cut took car hours hours took car cars manufactured car sold lower price assembly line plan auto industry major industry detroit cars changed americans lived worked cars changed detroit largest city country population million worked detroit major industry car making detroit known mortor city detroit car industry began suffer price gasoline rising quickly car buyers wanted cars gasoline cars detroit
early times community grew food gather crops community reason celebrate crop meant plenty eat coming today communities hold festivals celebrate foods produce united states communities invite visitors eat special foods food festivals american tradition food festivals held midwest food produced wisconsin sponsors dairy festival enjoy wonderful cheeses iowa grows corn festivals eat corn souffle dish corn eggs indiana special dish pudding persimmons fruit grown food festivals states show proud foods produce food festivals present food settled community decorah iowa settled norway decorah nordic fest july scandinavian food want taste goat cheese stop watch twirling dough fancy shapes pastries called kringlas want save room slice boiled beef plate meatballs nordic fest decorah chance remember strong scandinavian background miles chance visit decorah taste food norway food festival celebration things enjoy sharing food produce enjoy sharing heritage food festival chance share special dishes friends neighbors
american indians settle southwest thousands ago lived underground rooms rooms dug earth cool rooms protected sun hot dry region later american indians learned build houses mud bricks bricks mixing hard dry soil water straw houses built top sides cliffs houses called pueblos built called pueblo indians pueblos planted corn squash beans ditches river rains river overflowed ditches filled water dams end ditches water flowing region settled pioneers american indians knew live dry land spanish explorer named francisco de coronado southwest corondado soldiers looking cities gold heard stories cities course coronado found golden cities search helped spain learn lands later arizona mexico oklahoma texas coronado visit spain owned lands southwest spanish settlement built rio grande called san juan de los caballeros soon settlements built called santa fe capital spain southwest settlements today santa fe capital city mexico early spanish settlers missionaries teach christianity settlements called missions center mission church
denver butte montana mile sea level calls city mile high mile deep deep miners dug city remove mineral deposits butte say live richest hill earth butte western slope rocky mountains large city population butte provide nearly tenth copper mined united states butte leading producer valuable metals gold silver zinc copper ore found beds rock deposits surrounded rock mineral ore buried ground purpose mining separate ore rock ore ground dig deep holes shafts earth shafts dug miners remove ore rock ore surface carts look small railroad cars mine ore dig huge pit ground picture shows huge power shovels pick rock copper ore shovels dump rock trucks railroad cars move mine miners butte method rocks copper mine mill mill rocks ore crushed
heard mickey mouse bugs bunny snoopy millions names familiar imagine cartoon characters famous real movie cartoons date motion pictures motion pictures cartoons sound beginning walt disney worked movie cartoons special sound added movies disney produced sound cartoon called steamboat willie star mickey mouse disney gave mickey mouse voice personality audiences saw loved audiences today mickey speaking part disney studios grew cartoon stars minnie mouse pluto donald duck goofy created longer cartoons snow white dwarfs dumbo proved cartoons popular live action movies takes cartoon authors write words cartoon characters say musicians write record music aritst draw characters actions sound artists cartoon drawings created cartoon drawing tiny bit finished drawings photographed special camera developed film shown screen fast speed eye blends drawings drawings move character laughing actually dozen separate drawings blended road runner yogi bear dash television screen think takes drawings minute cartoon
alps highest mountains europe look map countries alps run countries alpine region region famous beautiful scenery alps live small villages village herd cows goats move animals mountains graze lush mountain pastures summer fall herds brought villages snowy winter herds fed crops hay crops grown summer stored winter cheeses goat milk cow milk famous cheeses swiss cheese italian gorgonzola valleys alps winter cold snowy climate alps keeps farmers herders indoors millions countries alps winter ski warmer summer climate alps melts snow summer months tourists alps hike climb high peaks view scenery rain adds melting snow warmer months makes waterfalls water source power water carried dams pipes electricity switzerland small country middle alpine region thirds country covered mountains southern part alps jura mountains run northwest border france cold climate winter makes mountains difficult
find botswana map page note country covered kalahari desert botswana large level basin low rocky hills eastern botswana large lakes found country dry big rivers run north east borders largest river botswana okavango river branches disappears swamp climate botswana dry hot summer mild winter botswana south equator summer comes united states winter winter comes united states summer dry desert botswana valuable resources diamonds coal copper nickel mined east central part country parts botswana farms soil poor farming herd cattle sheep goats move pasture land water pasture land found eastern hills country serowe meatpacking leather production towns lobatse herds food clothing tend wasted left trade trading place botswana tribal towns towns small schools children learn music tribes school grow close families help tend families herds
northern forests grow closest north pole northern forest average high temperature centimeters inches rain falls northern forests conifers trees grow cold climates forests conifers found northern plains north america europe asia conifers grow high mountain slopes continents united states conifers found rocky mountains grow sierra nevada california mountains pacific northwest region farther south forests deciduous trees grow deciduous forest average high temperature months centimeters inches rain falls richest deciduous forests north america found central appalachian mountains deciduous forests called broadleaf forests broadleaf tree flat wide leaves deciduous trees broadleaf trees broadleaf trees evergreens broadleaf forests found europe asia smaller broadleaf forests grow africa south america eastern australia tropical rain forests grow latitude latitude rain forest temperatures range centimeters inches rain falls kinds trees grow tropical rain forests forests trees broadleaf evergreens amazon rain forest south america largest forest tropical rain forests grow central africa southeast asia
stand watch parade temperature freezing thousands nights winter carnival quebec parades stay warm dance streets lively french canadian music winters cold quebec tired staying indoors february celebration lasts days bonhomme means person french winter carnival bonhamme person dressed happy snowman leads parades dances events carnival bonhomme helps judge famous ice sculpture contest sculptures professional sculptors carnival fun city builds ice palace carnival hundred tons packed snow carnival includes outdoor sports brave cold pee wee hockey tournament held players age children ride giant sled run front chateau frontenac large hotel city grown ups canoe race takes place partly frozen st lawrence river drag canoes ice open water river warm spring comes quebec ice snow sculptures melt bonhomme carnival winter
directional terms describe exact location structures body anatomical position position individual standing erect head palms facing forward important familiar words order avoid complicated descriptions directional terms defined table located labeled fig humans vertebrates animals backbones type body symmetry known bilateral means body bisected vertically equal left segments midsagittal plane sagittal plane runs vertically divides body unequal portions vertical plane drawn human body angles midsagittal plane body divided anterior ventral posterior dorsal portions frontal coronal plane body sectioned horizontal direction angles sagittal frontal divided upper superior lower inferior portions transverse plane examine organ sectioned important sections understand structural relationship part fig shows sections human body nearly internal organs human body lie major spaces dorsal cavity ventral cavity distinguished easily human body viewed side midsagittal section fig dorsal cavity found skull vertebral column divided cranial cavity brain spinal cavity spinal cord
conspicuous structural feature cell membranes form outer boundary cell boundaries walls cell internal parts membrane constitutes surface boundary outline cell called plasma membrane descriptively cytoplasmic membrane internal structures cell covered membranes intracellular membranes include nuclear membrane membranes endoplasmic reticulum golgi complex mitochondria lysosomes cytoplasmic membrane internal membranes similar physical chemical properties composed largely lipid protein molecules scientists today postulate cell membranes consist layers phospholipid molecules protein molecules embedded fig protein molecules found organized pattern randomly distributed membrane protein lipid molecules membranes actually move forming fluid framework cell membranes cell membranes perform functions essential survival cell cytoplasmic membrane serves boundary cell internal fluid external fluid environment maintains integrity cell preserves arrangement internal structures membrane total thickness angstroms cell cytoplasmic membrane torn cell contents leak cell dies function cytoplasmic membrane control flow substances cell membranes selectively permeable substances entirely excluded allowed pass communication function cytoplasmic membrane surface proteins cell membranes serve receptors chemical messages
process cell division results development body common process cells divide called mitosis process cell passes series phases stages result formation cells cells equal quantity quality chromatin material information encoded dna passed cells process mitosis continuous occurs short period stages nucleus passes division grouped principal phases interphase fig stage phases mitosis represents growth period cell actively dividing nucleus part period duplicating dna molecules preparation cell division duplication dna molecules referred replication results additional set chromosomes prophase fig indications cell divide nucleus appearance chromatin material doubled condenses visible chromosomes nuclear membrane nucleolus disappear pairs centrioles move slowly opposite poles cell centrioles separate lines granules spindle centriole similar fibers called asters radiate cytoplasm fine hooked needle thrust cell spindle stretched drawn position indicating fiberlike consistency chromosomes thought single structures recent advances techniques staining cell parts show
events place contraction similar muscle cells according huxley hanson shortening myofibril occurs thick thin myofilaments myosin actin slide length overlap length myosin actin filaments change length bands remains constant lines move thin filaments slide center sarcomere achieve sliding action knoblike projections thick myofilament form cross bridges adjacent receptor sites thin myofilament cross bridge oscillate backward forward movement fig presence atp calcium ions ca energy move cross bridge myosin filament turn thin filaments actin move numerous sarcomeres myofibrils shorten individual muscle fiber shortens result bundles muscle fibers pull tendons attached bones body producing movement myofibril remain contracted calcium ions stored sarcoplasmic reticulum released nerve impulses stimulate fiber impulse arrives surface sarcolemma cell membrane tubules myofibrils provide pathway release calcium ions nerve impulses stop calcium actively moved sarcoplasmic reticulum contraction ceases nerve cell stimulates muscle fiber called motor neuron motor neuron extends muscle dividing fine terminal branches branches connects muscle fiber form neuromuscular junction
front upper half chest covered pectoralis major muscles large fan shaped pair muscles primarily concerned downward forward motion arms origins side sternum medial half clavicle cartilages true ribs points muscle fibers converge form strong tendon inserts head humerus muscle contracts arm shoulder brought forward arm adducted rotated midline body highly developed pectoral muscles found birds serve action flight muscles called breast fowl shot putter pectoralis major thrust give initial power metal ball trapezius muscle greatly affects action shoulder upper arm trapezius located trunk extends base neck top shoulder contraction broad sheet muscle raises shoulder draws scapula backward downward action results giving added leverage shoulder powerful forward thrust required shot putting opposite antagonistic action scapula brought contraction serratus anterior muscle origins ribs insertion scapula action serratus anterior obvious person moving heavy object muscle appears series ridges origins attach ribs fibers pass obliquely ribs shoulder draw scapula forward
brainstem larger complex spinal cord important origins cranial nerves mechanisms coordinating integrating coming information brainstem includes medulla pons midbrain lowest part brainstem called medulla oblongata enlarged continuation spinal cord superior foramen magnum extending upward slightly forward inferior surface pons attached medulla measures centimeters inch length tracts myelinated fibers white matter conduct impulses spinal cord brain tracts cross pass medulla dispersed white matter centers gray matter medulla find origins pairs cranial nerves numbers ix xi xii medulla brainstem enlarges form pons cerebellum connects posterior surface pons midbrain found pons centimeters inch length part brainstem composed white matter form large fiber tracts called peduncles nuclei central nerves numbers vi vii viii found pons shortest part brainstem midbrain lies pons consists primarily white matter form fiber tracts midbrain connects cerebrum interbrain cerebellum hindbrain cord tracts found ventrally midbrain called cerebral peduncles canal called cerebral aqueduct passes midbrain connects ventricle fourth ventricle
happens sound waves set tympanic membrane chain middle ear bones motion stirrup transmits vibrations oval window fluid vestibular canal motion initiates vibration elastic basilar membrane form traveling wave moves rapidly base apex cochlea maximum displacement basilar membrane takes place part cochlea wave stops traveling lower frequency sound waves longer distance wave travels closer maximum displacement apex higher frequency shorter distance wave travels closer maximum displacement base cochlea oval window region cochlea frequency frequency makes membrane vibrate stimulate hair cells generate nerve impulses mechanism mentioned briefly describes place theory audition hearing theory based assumption discrimination sound frequency quality based primarily place maximum movement basilar membrane occurs impulses initiated receptors organ corti stimulated part basilar membrane pitch estimated mechanism distinguish frequencies tones accomplish remarkable feat estimated hair cells contributing fiber cochlear nerve impulses nerve travel auditory cortex temporal lobe cerebrum groups organs involved maintaining proper balance fluid filled membranous sacs utricle saccule found vestibule represent group group represented semicircular canals
main organs digestive system form tube called digestive tract gastrointestinal tract alimentary canal tube muscular structure lined mucous membrane extends lips anus accessory organs located alongside main digestive organs part digestive tract accessory organs special anatomical characteristics performs functions part makes essential contribution process making food cells body gastrointestinal tract essentially tube consisting layers tissues mucous membrane lining layer connective tissue muscular layer fibroserous layer mucous membrane mucosa innermost layer digestive tube membrane composed epithelium varies structure depending function part tube lines designed protection mouth structure stratified squamous epithelium chapter epithelium stomach small intestine simple columnar epithelium structures primarily designed digestion absorption mucosa glands blood vessels lymph vessels underneath mucosa layer loose connective tissue networks blood vessels submucous layer submucosa serves connect mucous membrane main muscular layer muscular layer called muscularis mucosa main tissue layer wall digestive tube composed substantial sheets smooth muscle circular sheet outer longitudinal sheet functions mix contents digestive tube digestive juices move food digestive products gastrointestinal tract
peristaltic movement opposed inhibited resistance pylorus resistance due enterogastric reflex duodenum feedback hormones duodenum inhibits gastric emptying enterogastric reflex strong nervous signals frequently duodenum stomach especially stomach emptying food duodenum signals play important role determining rate stomach emptying enterogastric reflex influenced variety factors degree distention duodenum acidity duodenal chyme osmolality chyme primarily products protein fat digestion present duodenum fatty foods present chyme enters duodenum rate stomach emptying decreases complete digestion fats requires longer decrease rate stomach emptying slow digestion fats food moved small intestine precise mechanism fats decrease movement completely known presumably effect feedback mechanism elicited presence fats duodenum hormones considered involved activity secretin cholecystokinin gastroinhibitory peptide researchers disagree exact takes food pass stomach general liquids pass stomach rapidly solids estimated average hours required meal consisting carbohydrates fats proteins leave stomach food absorbed bloodstream walls stomach point food sufficiently digested reduced size pass readily membranes
previous chapter saw diffusion gases takes place pressure gradients alveoli blood volume oxygen air blood referred oxygen tension partial pressure written tension partial pressure exerted gas mixture gases equal number molecules gas present total pressure mixture gases equal sum partial pressures gases mixture dalton law atmosphere exerts pressure mm hg sea level oxygen composes percent gases atmosphere partial pressure exerted oxygen approximately mm hg standard conditions partial pressure carbon dioxide accounts percent mm hg partial pressure gas directly proportional concentration atmosphere ordinary conditions inspired air water vapor air passes nose pharynx fully saturated water normal body temperature partial pressure water vapor mm hg total gas pressure equal atmospheric pressure pressure air lungs measures mm hg sum partial pressures oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen tracheobronchial tree alveoli knowing total gas pressure alveolar air percent table mm hg blood entering capillaries lungs lower higher alveolar air
regardless anemia lack hemoglobin deficiency oxygen supply body typical person suffering anemia appears pale weak energy labored breathing rapid heart rate intolerance cold excessive loss red blood cells large wounds short period acute prolonged bleeding gastric ulcers abnormally heavy menstrual bleeding chronic conditions called hemorrhagic anemia immediately sudden loss blood arterial vessels constrict reduce flow blood fluid tissues passes blood vessels restoring normal blood volume approximately hours loss immature red blood cells bloodstream excess leukocytes red marrow stimulated increase production blood cells erythrocytes misshapen outer membrane tends rupture prematurely condition inherited involves abnormal hemoglobin red blood cell enzymes cell membranes toxins parasites rh incompatibility seen erythroblastosis fetalis common type hemolytic anemia sickle cell anemia replacement single amino acid hemoglobin molecule amino acids amino acid valine substituted glutamic acid position molecule responsible condition resulting hemoglobin referred hemoglobin apparently red blood cells deformed sickle shaped exposed low concentrations oxygen fig deformed cells fragile tend rupture shape tend block small blood vessels
simple forms requirements obtaining oxygen nutrients eliminating carbon dioxide metabolic wastes met direct contact environment water body surface larger complex animals humans included deep lying cells direct contact environment needs met system transporting materials cell removing wastes efficiently cells method involves fluid transport system complex network passageways bring fluids contact cells body blood vessels form network veins arteries capillaries vascular portion cardiovascular system system passageways transports blood parts body action heart arteries carry blood heart tissues arteries leave heart divide small arteries smaller size vessels called arterioles progressively arterioles branch capillaries found tissues blood passing microscopic vessels releases oxygen nutrients tissue cells removes carbon dioxide metabolic wastes capillaries thinnest walls constructed single layer endothelial cells modified simple squamous epithelium capillaries emerge tissues small veins venules turn form larger veins largest vessels return blood heart larger blood vessels arteries veins similar structure layers outer layer tunica adventitia composed connective tissue varying amounts elastic fibers middle layer tunica media smooth muscle fibers
female reproductive organs consist paired gonads ovaries paired uterine tubes single uterus vagina structures system include external genitalia mammary glands uterus hollow thick walled muscular organ cavity communicates uterine tubes vagina uterus resembles inverted pear flattened front means cavity slitlike anterior posterior walls close upper portion uterus called body lower constricted portion called cervix portion body entrance uterine tubes referred fundus lining uterus covered ciliated epithelial cells numerous glandular structures uterine glands capillaries uterus ovum disintegrates fertilized cervix opens vagina relation parts abdominal structures shown fig external opening vagina lies folds skin called labia wall uterus composed outer serosal layer called perimetrium middle smooth muscle layer called myometrium special mucous layer called endometrium size uterus capable change due muscle fibers myometrium endometrium layer shed menstruation initial function uterus retain sustain individual weeks growth development final function uterus expel newborn end pregnancy uterine tubes known fallopian tubes oviducts
cells morula continue divide hollow ball cells blastocyst consisting outer layer cells cell mass formed implantation uterine lining complete days elapsed fertilization cells compose outer wall blastocyst known trophoblasts eventually part placenta structure nourishes fetus placenta derived part developing embryo maternal tissues relationship maternal fetal blood vessels close maternal fetal blood mix exchange nutrients occurs fetal membrane called chorion fetal membrane amnion develops growing embryo connected chorion body stalk body stalk ultimately umbilical cord fetus umbilical cord composed umbilical arteries carry blood placenta umbilical vein carries blood fetus circulation fetus differs circulation birth fetus secure oxygen food maternal blood lungs gastrointestinal tract additional blood vessels fetus carry fetal blood close proximity maternal blood return fetal blood structures umbilical arteries umbilical vein ductus venosus placenta functions structure interchange gases foods wastes fetal maternal blood place exchange substances occurs actual mixing maternal fetal bloods flows capillaries addition placenta umbilical vessels structures located fetus body play important part fetal circulation
mentioned errors process copying occur especially cells dna reproduce error insertion nucleotide place result substitution amino acid protein segment dna concerned exact consequences predictable genetic code table possibility loss addition base adenine thymine cytosine guanine dna molecule genetic code operates terms triplets bases noted loss addition bases give sequence bases entirely meaning point sequence amino acids correct sequence protein likely nonfunctional possibility loss addition consecutive bases case amino acid deleted added protein chain types mutation occur chromosomes break rejoin positions lost duplicated mutations types called chromosome aberrations consequences smaller mutational mentioned gene mutations theoretically expected mutations frequent human organism complex piece machinery complicated rocket missile parts vital function cases substitution single amino acid protein lethal organism mutations drastic effects disadvantage carriers advantageous
africa mountains moon lived named ketu happy big laugh lived inside trouble happened ketu heard dog yelping kao kao kao hut investigated found dog worrying harmless snake ketu scolded dog slinking prada prada prada tail legs snake raised head thank kind going give gift ketu laughed tu tu tu small creature give asked magic gift snake hear animals think tell die ketu sure wanted gift tried protest snake vanished night ketu wife nyaloti put baby basket bed tucked pacifer neck tiny gourd baby mouth patted sleep pah pah pah ketu fastened door nyaloti lay low beds walls hut soon heard mosquito going zeee door ketu heard say re fat juicy find big crack ketu laughed ge ge ge laughed hard rolled bed nyaloti cried funny ketu ketu climbed bed tell soon rat tried door
nyaloti set bowl scold husband hands funny ketu frightened cow silly laugh laughing ketu walked cow give milk nyaloti didn drop bowl calf drank mother belly round fat knew saying food wastes let belly bust evening milking cow give milk nyaloti called ketu look milk baby ill want calf killing daughter cow swung big head looked nyaloti ketu heard say daughter killing daughter ketu tried hold laughter burst fingers gug gug gug cow startled kicked bowl rolling denki denki denki dirt cried nyaloti stupid laugh going tell chief nyaloti told chief chief called ketu wise tree justice middle village nyaloti baby basket head hear palaver ketu chief wife tells laugh laugh true chief ketu laugh reason tell reason tell die nonsense exclaimed chief talking killed
marvin favourite days valentine lot money buy valentines marvin silly milton don girl valentines girls valentines marvin pilot draw big sky valentine milton send marvin don send don money milton valentines cost money don buy valentines lot paper draw big heart marvin milton marvin bet zillion valentines neighbourhood zillion lot valentines milton start milton house paint set scissors coloured paper marvin house crayons coloured pencils lot paper valentines big hearts hearts skinny hearts fat hearts polka dot hearts striped hearts red hearts white paper white hearts red paper milton send marvin silly milton need zillion stamps won marvin put doors side street morning neighbourhood surprised find valentine door lots left milton guess
kapiti plain fresh green african rains sea grass birds nest patches shade wild creatures rest acacia trees giraffes browse grass herdsmen pasture cows rains belated big wild creatures migrated ki pat helped end terrible drought story tells cloud heavy rain shadowed ground kapiti plain grass brown dead needed rain cloud overhead big black cloud heavy rain shadowed ground kapiti plain cows hungry dry mooed rain fall sky green grass brown dead needed rain cloud overhead big black cloud heavy rain shadowed ground kapiti plain ki pat watched herd stood leg big stork bird ki pat cows hungry dry mooed rain fall sky green grass brown dead needed rain cloud overhead big black cloud heavy rain shadowed ground kapiti plain eagle dropped feather feather helped change weather fell ki pat watched herd stood leg big stork bird ki pat cows hungry dry mooed rain fall sky green grass brown dead needed rain cloud overhead big black cloud heavy rain shadowed ground kapiti plain
japan naved kenji moto kenji hermit choice crippled boy decided live side hill stay pity scorn slowly painfully tilled small rice field food trade fish nearby village humble house hill kenji village birth nearly hour walk village ocean stretching eye villagers fishermen hauled living ocean women children worked rice fields reached edge village slope kenji hut afternoon kenji toiling field paused moment rest gazed ocean casual glance intense stare saw strange frightening horizon sky ocean threateningly dark ocean rising engulf sky kenji looked wonderment trying understand happening suddenly knew darkened sky towering waters meant ago living village born tidal wave rushing sea kenji heard grandfather tell hour entire village swept land covered ocean water warn villagers thought kenji crippled leg tidal wave
moment gates slammed shut king horsemen galloped castle spears upraised archers lined eager let loose arrows battering ram sling hurling rocks rolled creaking groaning heavy wheels days battle continued duke loyal fought enemy walls stood firm gates held fast army country folk remained strong days turned weeks food supply castle grew duke brave hungry small meal began complain stomachs growl hunger fields hare picnic cabbages deer feasts corn chase animals food stolen leave castle duke surrender sheperds seen gazing castle windows hopes seeing flocks watch wandering sheep save lambs prowling wolves cried leave castle duke surrender women began mourn looms empty cottages stand unused spiders left spin weave cobwebs won warm winter comes women fathers husbands grown sons begged duke surrender stubborn duke ordered fight king beginning grow impatient wearing royal crown carrying royal sword rode castle gate
april sun shining birds chirping rabbit nibbling bush robert school april robert scared rabbits road walked tuba lesson april thought minute saw rabbits skirts tap dancing windowsill fourth april felt rabbity living room watched tv april robert found half eaten carrots bottom toy box fishing sixth saw rabbits paddle canoe seventh april rabbits singing cat garage roof rabbits left bikes driveway eighth seats soda fountain rabbits ninth room robert tenth robert noticed ten funny holes lawn took garbage mother eleventh april eleven rabbits skateboards whizzed elm street twelve rabbits playing basketball playground twelfth thirteenth thirteen rabbits supermarket fourteen rabbits clothesline april fourteenth fifteenth robert mother took eye doctor thought seeing things fifteen patients ahead sixteenth robert found sixteen rabbits making double decker peanut butter radish sandwiches kitchen seventeen rabbits scout uniforms marched line seventeenth
earth sea stubborn woman hut lived middle flower patch winds blew cold rains wet sun shone cold wet burned top toe called sky spirit things belonged spirit need hut sky spirit busy called hut today maybe tomorrow days busy send hut stubborn woman wanted thinking thinking woman called give rock shelter weather sky spirit busy thinking thinking quickly answered happy stubborn woman knew exactly rock wanted climbed stewpot set sail green ocean sailed sailed soon saw sea bird called ai ee woman listen sailing close hole sea oho answered woman think sailing direction sailed sailed soon saw silver fish called ai oo woman listen close hole sea aha answered woman sailing direction
john parents pet shop buying pet john puppy john puppies noisy mother buying nice gerbil gerbils noisy john cry night gerbils don noise father mine john night john put gerbil box bed climbed bed turned light gerbil began wimper gerbil began yelp yelped yelped john parents room hear asked john mother gerbil john looked gerbil curled sound asleep keeps awake john john parents looked john looked took gerbil pet shop makes noise john gerbils don noise pet shop owner mine jonn exchanged gerbil chameleon chameleon nice quiet john mother chameleons glow dark john turn blue pink orange purple chameleons turn green brown john father don glow dark mine john night john put chameleon box bed climbed bed turned light chameleon began glow turned blue pink orange purple room began glow john put chameleon blanket colours glowed purple orange pink blue
morning hungry thing town sat tail pointed sign neck feed townspeople gathered hungry thing eat asked townspeople shmancakes answered hungry thing shmancakes cried townspeople eat dear wiseman shmancakes plain small kind chicken falls rain course cook shmancakes read eat stand head think boy re silly shmancakes sound fancakes sound pancakes townspeople gave hungry thing hungry thing ate hungry thing pointed sign feed eat asked townspeople tickles answered hungry thing tickles cried townspeople eat dear wiseman tickles curley tailed hot dogs grow row course cook tickles taste yummy giggle laugh ten tummy think boy clear tickles sound sickles sound pickles gave hungry thing hungry thing ate underfed bread lady dressed red tea fellow tree bit rice nice baby sucking ice hungry thing shook head pointed sign feed
sun center solar system solar system call collection planets moons moving sun planets bodies circle central star earth planets solar system spheres round ball objects planets moons earth moon sun small compared stars compared earth sun enormous instance diameter earth kilometers miles diameter sun kilometers miles times diameter earth realize sun star sun looks larger stars looks larger closer earth stars earth million kilometers million miles sun nearest star alpha centauri billion kilometers billion miles earth earth energy comes sun energy makes parts earth receive amounts sun energy parts earth equator receive deal sun energy parts warm call warm areas equator tropics areas sun energy areas cold surround earth poles call areas polar regions parts earth vary warm cold times called temperate regions
elevation height land mean sea level elevation map color show high low landforms elevation map read key carefully determine elevation represented color key top page colors change elevation large areas color represent land height elevation areas colors elevation changing rapidly land sloping showing elevation topographic map topographic map contour lines show elevation contour line connects points map elevation small numbers label height contour line map bottom page closer lines steeper slope elevation maps actually simple topographic maps boundaries colors show places elevation contour lines topographic maps topographic maps lines show detailed information land topographic maps fill information areas covered single colors simple elevation maps topographic maps drawn colors set lines soon run colors top mountain need detailed information topographic map elevation maps give general impression physical features elevation maps topographic maps physical maps show land looks
history fought control continent europe greek civilization flourishing mediterranean northwestern europe ruled warring tribes wars conquests continued expansion roman empire century roman empire peak included present europe northern africa southwest asia western half roman empire conquered germanic peoples fall roman empire germanic established number kingdoms important frankish kingdom reached height reign emperor charlemagne death charlemagne empire divided kingdoms kingdoms included parts france germany wide strip land rhine valley switzerland territories earliest states europe france spain england nations nationhood occurred centuries bitter fighting kings rulers italy germany hand remained divided invention large sailing ships navigation western european nations ruled oceans trade centuries italy center trade portugal spain leading traders england france holland netherlands ruled seas mediterranean ports venice genoa lost importance northern seaports london antwerp rotterdam hamburg population western europe grew deal fall roman empire centuries population growth western europe experienced major setbacks
culture common language religion bind italy social economic differences northern southern italy divide nation separate regions italy major problems poverty political instability italy poor partly country agricultural problems land north wet farming needs drained provide additional farmland areas especially south dry water irrigation trees planted mountains order provide timber save water prevent soil washing conditions caused leave farms move cities result movement overcrowding cities industry continued grow expense agriculture italy industrialized countries manufactured goods exported order import food feed nation growing population food prices high prices needed products oil italy spending money earning membership common market helped solve italy problems thousands italian workers able jobs common market nations enabled send money home help italian economy jobs countries helped solve problem overpopulation southern part country single political party strong control italian government result country ruled coalition governments coalition government political parties join run country
geographers maps display information visual presentations data find spatial relationships test ideas draw conclusions comparing special purpose maps region geographers discover explain things places special purpose map shows information specific subject past preferred settle areas suitable agriculture true farmed living depended quality land suitable climate today settlement limited greater degree factors special purpose climate population density maps soviet union eastern europe illustrate strong relationship factors look climate map climate region agriculturally productive generally found western part soviet union eastern europe humid continental humid subtropical maritime climates look population density map region notice areas densest population climates suitable farming note humid continental climate clearly outlines region population density square kilometer square mile hand colder subarctic climate region low population density square kilometer square mile live climate region harsh agricultural activity limited course relationship climate population density exact factors affect livelihoods settlement patterns important factor quality soil vary exactly climate areas climates western soviet union productive areas soil rocky fertile soil parts western soviet union
eastern europe russia settled waves invaders east invaders warlike huns migrated peacefully brought herds horses sheep cattle wanted farm land case residents brought language technology cultural traits migrants merged existing losing culture cases nearby valleys ethnic groups cases set ethnic groups lived towns lived surrounding countryside large regions populated ethnic group rare languages eastern europe show history migrations settled region eastern europe speak slavic languages poles czechs slovaks bulgarians included group serbs croats macedonians slovenes romanian latin based language languages italy spain france hungarian related ancient languages western siberia albanian ancient european language roots older latin languages eastern europeans difficulty understanding small groups influenced forces centuries eastern europe controlled neighboring empires included german austrian turkish empires century groups developed national pride unhappiness foreign control increased end war modern countries independent eastern european countries included poland czechoslovakia hungary romania bulgaria yugoslavia albania war migrated countries ethnic group majority
berlin conference beginning full scale european colonization africa african continent european domination european control africa continued african colonies gained independence trace political occurred africa compare historical map africa map africa today historical map information places past comparing historical maps region changed period think historical development united states united states grown original states states today look maps united states periods history trace development expansion country making historical maps variety methods explain events map africa shows areas africa colonized european powers addition colonial boundaries names map entitled colonialism africa presents similar information additional facts tell map present boundaries colony gained independence maps colors explain historical events look map entitled colonialism africa african nations governing end war ii end african colonies gained independence today namibia remains dependent country south africa history africa tell maps
nigeria africa populous country country extends nearly west africa climate vegetation zones west african countries climate zones preferred agricultural crops humid tropical south palm oil cacao rubber important dry savannas north cattle peanuts cotton grown central wet dry tropical subtropical zone tsetse fly resulting sleeping sickness widespread area cattle commercial agriculture developed nigeria greatest mineral resources large petroleum reserves niger river delta largest petroleum reserves africa coal deposits inland large iron ore manganese mines nigeria holds half supply columbite columbite metal harden stainless steel niger river resource niger tributary benue navigable small vessels wet season hydroelectric dam built niger river provide electricity western nigeria nigeria independent britain network roads railroads place railroads connect dry savanna regions north lagos capital port west lagos nigeria industrial center government seeking reduce economic importance lagos capital city interior abuja constructed industrialization introduced cities nigeria cities important nigeria centuries north walled cities kano centers prosperous muslim kingdoms kano international airport largest city north
south africa covered dry savannas desert shrub western side country dry coastal namib desert inland kalahari desert combine large desert region eastern southern coasts humid regions southwest city capetown region mediterranean climate east coast city durban climate humid subtropical high plateaus interior cool temperate broad grasslands landforms climates closely related south africa coast narrow humid coastal plains lowlands blocked interior escarpments mountains southern coast mountains rise meters feet eastern coast drakensberg escarpment reaches meters feet mountainsides face rain bearing winds results mountain forests humid climates plains plateaus inland blocked rain bearing winds mountains result upland plains cooler drier south africans call vegetation landform zones velds highveld refers vast expanse high plains temperate grasslands east central interior category bushveld savanna landscape short trees bushes found lower elevations lowveld word signifies dry tall tree savannas moist forests base drakensberg escarpment important rivers south africa orange tributary vaal orange river basin includes highveld western edge drakensberg eastern southern sides country drained shorter rivers smaller drainage areas
agriculture main livelihood southeast asia generally nations valuable exports southeast asia practice kinds agriculture shifting agriculture intensive paddy agriculture plantation agriculture agriculture difficult hills mountains problem cope thick tropical rain forest shifting agriculture slash burn farming type agriculture efficient successful population densities low farmers areas subsistence farmers grow variety crops including cassava yams bananas pineapples beans sugarcane farmers raise animals pigs lowlands rice grown paddies southern china japan type agriculture requires human labor called intensive agriculture seedlings transplanted seed beds paddy fields transplanting stage left seeds planted paddies yields high addition rice typical crops corn beans sweet potatoes cassava peanuts depending location yields type farming subsistence cash crop agriculture rice basic food grain southeast asia accounts half agricultural land rice farmers raise animals paddy fields ducks water buffalo pigs addition shifting agriculture intensive paddy agriculture southeast asia large commercial plantations plantations supply products export trade plentiful supply cheap labor warm tropical climate nearness sea routes area ideal large scale production tropical goods
differs decided sun directly overhead place clock read noon sun directly overhead earth clocks adjusted reflect difference sun position order clock read basic facts understood earth rotates axis hours hour earth rotates complete revolution circle earth turns hour place earth sun directly overhead moment place west sun directly overhead hour earth turned hour process longitude globe result earth divided zones differing hour neighboring zones earth turns east west hour subtracted movement west likewise hour added movement east longitude measured royal observatory greenwich england measured point measured point called greenwich mean zone east prime meridian clocks set hour ahead zone west greenwich clocks set hour noon london oslo zone east zone west london
today rapid population growth pressing problems latin america effects rapid population increase seen countryside cities rural areas latin america tend mixtures large estates small plots small plots owned rented farm families require workers children farm family hope family plot children nearby large estate migrate city look rural areas population increases brought land hunger land hunger desire farmers land obvious sources land farmers large estates owned wealthy owners large estates politically powerful point large estates larger farming operations higher technology productive small plots economic progress social goals working breaking large estates land reform proceeding countries large segment land owned wealthy percent population surplus rural workers eventually city seek jobs migrants bring money job skills homes small shanties form large slums latin american city economic growth cities place migration migrants find remain unemployed find job lasts days hours creating jobs cities economic social need latin america
alaska located northwestern corner north american continent extends north arctic circle largest united states covering square kilometers square miles alaska land area size rest united states alaska forms huge peninsula connected north america east borders canada south gulf alaska pacific ocean north arctic ocean west bering sea narrow bering strait chukchi sea bering strait kilometers miles wide separates united states soviet union fact diomede islands located middle strait separate nations kilometers miles big diomede part soviet union diomede part united states areas alaska extend main peninsula aleutian islands rim southern boundary bering sea form series volcanic stepping stones north america asia aleutian islands part pacific ring fire alaskan panhandle southeast alaska extends south british columbia pacific ocean panhandle narrow arm land attached handle frying pan larger area pacific coast panhandle hundreds offshore islands known alexander archipelago alaska rugged topography north america highest mountains found alaska range lies south central part mt mckinley reaches height meters feet highest peak north america
tables organize information topic look table page table columns list items title column tells item rows table complete information country found row look row labeled united states figure capita gross national product gnp capita gross national product total nation annual output goods services divided population nation nations large gnp developed prosperous nations small gnp column average calories consumed united states average person consumes calories calorie intake compare average calorie consumption el salvador table presents information standard living selected countries column labeled annual population growth rate represents natural increase population nation mind percent population growth rate means population nation double column labeled capita arable land number land acres person suitable agriculture land agriculture greater potential growing food column expectancy birth males females represents average age person expected live country
technology changing rapidly today history technological lead parts culture challenge future maintain aspects culture technologies applied lives computers basis dramatic technology today computers series electronic circuits programmed store retrieve process data circuits designed evaluate logical statements describe nearly computer revolution circuits small mass produced result memory chip smaller fingernail store hundred thousand items data computers obvious businesses schools homes computers perform sorts storing processing information serving typewriters computers dramatically changing culture industrial applications industrial processes guided computers computer direct repeated operations high speed nearly perfect accuracy jobs required workers computer jobs replaced technology happened past machines began replacing industrial revolution began ago today retraining workers jobs difficult jobs require advanced technical education find acquiring education difficult advanced societies learn living computers effect computers society demonstrates plan learning things continually lives human earth satellite called sputnik launched soviet union
wondered inhabitants earth difficult early system writing written records left historians study period called prehistory written history order understand period depend archaeologists scientists study remains cultures ancient examine artifacts tools weapons ornaments found sites prehistoric lived task interpreting archaeological remains easy archaeologists mary louis leakey devoted lives searching clues prehistoric olduvai gorge northern tanzania mary leakey discovered teeth pieces skull study fossils led leakeys believe belonged hominid human individual lived million ago later region south olduvai gorge mary leakey found hominid footprints modern colleagues believe footprints nearly million archaeologists method called carbon dating determine age archaeological finds process measures amount radioactive carbon radiocarbon left object living things absorb radiocarbon air living thing dies radiocarbon loses radioactivity specific rate period radiocarbon content bone fossil half continues lose half remaining radioactivity scientists measure amount radioactivity radiocarbon left fossil determine
reign tutankhamun received mention history books discovery tomb tutankhamun ruled pharaoh ancient egypt age pharaoh childhood marriage daughter pharaoh akhenaton tutankhamun died nineteen buried small room tomb valley kings tutankhamun tomb ancient royal egyptian tomb examined intact burial previously known royal tombs valley kings plundered robbers tutankhamun tomb entered occasions death tomb contents remained untouched search tomb began englishmen lord carnarvon howard carter began archaeological dig continued debris left excavations valley complicated search tomb previous archaeologists digging tombs piled rubble entrance tutankhamun tomb fortune rubble actually saved tomb later plunderers debris nearby tomb covered entrance hiding tomb view carter removing waste material november discovered stone step leading uncovered fifteen steps blocked doorway carter carnarvon england arrival november began important archaeological discoveries twentieth century carter slowly worked tomb recalled eyes grew accustomed light details room emerged slowly gold glint gold
period government weakness endless wars called age warring states intellectual ferment zhou china leading thinkers philosophers observed chaos society tried suggest systems solve society problems wise pondered ideas zhou times lasting influence china scholar call confucius western variation kung fu tzu kung family fu tzu meant grand master later times students quoted saying kung master tzu says traveled place place pupils teaching philosophy end returned home northern china spent teaching writing death confucius teachings collected written called classics describe called confucianism confucius believed chinese society clear code conduct especially stressed morals taught virtues wisdom love courage important virtues included respect elders generosity sincerity humility respect loyalty friendliness eagerness learn confucius believed educated provide provide moral leadership country stated noble woman practiced virtues simply virtuous person goodness confucius believed serve society person obligated help virtuous according confucius society things order perfect
reign vladimir ruled kiev christianity introduced kievan russia byzantine missionaries active vladimir took throne impressed splendor byzantine ritual vladimir converted orthodoxy later married sister emperor basil ii relationship strengthened kievan byzantine ties spite vladimir efforts unite empire orthodoxy imposed partly force pagan idols smashed vladimir ordered kiev driven dnieper banks baptism features byzantine civilization developed introduction orthodoxy russian artists adopted byzantine traditions mural icon painting architects built churches byzantine style outstanding saint sophia kiev named justinian monument russian builders learned byzantine art dome construction adapted create onion shaped dome feature distinctive hallmarks russian architecture byzantine theology liturgy adopted intact fall constantinople russians continued byzantine political legal traditions notably theory absolute monarch byzantine empire collapse russian orthodox church longer splinter byzantine patriarchy independent national church proclaimed chief bearer orthodox legacy vladimir byzantine counterparts church tight control church russia remained closely linked christianity brought russia attempts formal education clergy bearers literacy cyrillic alphabet wrote examples russian literature
read chapter guptas established large empire northern india reign indian civilization flourished gupta empire invaded huns warlike central asia huns overrun northwestern india huns brutal advance eastern india checked union hindu princes gupta empire end huns finally expelled middle sixth century northern india broken warring kingdoms early seventh century soldier prince named harsha succeeded assembling large army reunited northern india harsha successfully ruled large northern empire death attempt conquer deccan plateau foiled ruler region promoted art literature religion rule hinduism began revival continued death harsha died leaving heir india endured centuries warfare confusion northern empire fragmented small states northwest ruled called rajputs descendants central asians settled northwest india sixth centuries rajputs intermarried native hindus adopted customs including caste system rajputs military aristocracy took control area indus ganges rivers area known rajputana rajput literature warrior code similar ideals chivalry medieval western europe rajput youths taught respect women spare enemies practice fair play
peoples europe africa mysterious distant fabled land practically knew northern fringe carthage egypt affected affairs antiquity europe took notice king mansa musa emperor mali famous monarch throne ruled empire mali height period remembered golden age domain extended atlantic eastward present nigeria southward tropical rain forests northward sahara egyptian traveler visited mansa musa capital niani claimed empire wide month journey cross mansa musa devout muslim islamic penetration africa today islam exerts influence supported muslim scholars established schools theology law timbuktu djenne representatives traveled egypt present morocco visited india pilgrimage mecca remarkable journeys history preparations food supplies gathered ninety camels loaded gold dust load weighing pounds kilograms crowd mansa musa subjects claim accompanied caravan wives children mansa musa generous pilgrimage gave gifts officials met huge donations cities mecca medina generosity ran money borrow merchants cairo
grandson ferdinand isabella hapsburg raised flanders succeeded throne spain charles inherited netherlands king spain charles ruled naples sicily sardinia spain possessions america elected holy roman emperor received title charles position gave nominal control largest european empire charlemagne actual governing vast empire proved formidable task charles intelligent capable able shape course events wished spanish resented foreigner filled government positions flemish nobles election holy roman emperor led open opposition cortes popular revolt broke quelled charles agreed place spanish subjects administrative positions popular subjects born fleming grew spaniard spanish revolt protestant reformation divided christian church shortly charles succession imperial throne read order bring peace germany charles war lutheran princes conflict ended peace augsburg protect hapsburg possessions charles face formidable adversary ottoman turks capture constantinople turks carried aggressive program expansion early sixteenth century strong leadership suleiman magnificent turks pushed persia arabia north africa greece turkish hands regions eastern europe endangered
born free chains believes master nonetheless greater slave change occur legitimate believe answer question consider force effect produces say constrained obey soon shake yoke recovering freedom means steal justified taking took justified social order sacred serves basis nature based conventions problem conventions engender forces merely unite direct existing means preservation form aggregation sum forces prevail motivation act concert sum forces arise cooperation force freedom primary instruments preservation engage harming neglecting cares owes context subject difficulty stated terms find form association defends protects person goods associate common force means uniting obeys remains free
effort help british east india company experiencing financial problems parliament awarded monopoly tea shipped america permitted company lower prices order undersell colonial merchants shipment arrived boston townspeople reacted group dressed indians dumped tea boston harbor act protest famous boston tea party december parliament outraged response passed called intolerable acts acts closed port boston threatening city economic ruin measures forced colonists quarter british troops towns enabled governor massachusetts transfer trials british officials england restricted town meetings legislation aimed clamping massachusetts parliament passed quebec act canada quebec act masterpiece enlightened legislation recognized religious toleration french canadian catholics granted canadians live civil law extended boundaries quebec include territory north ohio river parts claimed individual colonies american colonists considered quebec act infringement westward expansion patriots favor independence saw intolerable acts threat colonial government felt parliament attempting oppress september continental congress met philadelphia congress delegates adopted resolution asserting american rights demanded repeal intolerable acts decided impose boycott british goods adjourning congress agreed reconvene parliament comply demands
half nineteenth century saw rise school painting france movement known impressionism leaders edouard manet auguste renoir claude monet camille pissaro edgar degas important american figures working europe mary cassatt james mcneil whistler impressionists developed method capturing light combining small flecks paint part benefited developing chemical industry supplying pigments previously unavailable impressionists tried capture fleeting images create impression reality invention camera works brighter paintings courbet impressionists realistic tradition sense believed art truly realistic relied scientific study light discovered shadows black colored according objects cast impressionist subject matter drew popular activity boating parties railroad stations city streets race tracks shimmering light effects attempts catch spontaneous moments gave sketchy quality sense impressionism seen modern art movement exception turner impressionists break traditional methods copying nature generation rejecting traditional realism school called postimpressionism georges seurat invented system called pointillism scenes built thousands tiny dots color want look impressionists seurat claimed method scientific theories demonstrate importance science artists writers half nineteenth century
japan suffered constant civil war provincial daimyo authority ruled feudal barons local level warfare common major leaders powerless limited spheres emperor politics gave tokugawa ieyasu hereditary office shogun tokugawa family maintained title tokugawa ruled system centralized feudalism local level shogunate direct control authority top unchallenged ensure national stability reinforce rule shogunate took extreme measures cases japanese fear foreign influences proved christianity feared alien religion responsible authority higher imperial domain spanish takeover philippines sharp impression spanish priests held power philippines dutch english traders early brought news religious wars ravaging europe discourage foreign influence merciless persecution japanese christians official policy tokugawa leader feared foreign trade enrich daimyo lords nobles challenge authority shogun risk competition tokugawa shogunate extreme policy early japanese citizens forbidden travel abroad return japan expulsion europeans soon radical course withdrawal affairs official policy exception chinese dutch merchants shogunate direct charge allowed live business nagasaki
personified capitalist imperialism africa late victorian era cecil rhodes rhodes impassioned empire builder claimed british empire religion history taught wrote expansion surface limited object present humanity possibly personally responsible sizable share million square miles million square kilometers territory british empire annexed fifteen nineteenth century dream railway connect egypt south africa uninterrupted stretch british territory rhodes planned finance construct clergyman son boy rhodes physically weak prone illness south africa regain health fortune diamonds gold built monopolies taking small mines overturning big businesses amassed fortune claimed interested money power studying oxford infused imperialist spirit prime minister cape colony rhodes tried topple boer republics british south africa company stood ready expand cape interests area soon known rhodesia authorized coup backfired raid transvaal hundred armed leadership rhodes company associates dr jameson foolish poorly organized raiders captured rhodes role plot clear rhodes public career ruined resigned prime minister forced leave board company
nigeria prospects looked promising populous african nation important oil resources regarded foreign investors prospect addition nigeria party system appeared give greater political stability nigeria set federation deal local autonomy provinces roughly corresponded main ethnic groups country hausa fulani north ibo southeast yoruba southwest disturbances country attempts change government unified administration ibos attacked killed violence directed caused leaders ibos reexamine relation country eastern provinces refused transfer income areas government oil resources eastern provinces central government faced loss income negotiations failed eastern province declared independent country biafra fighting broke nigeria biafra dragged nigerian government advantage superior numbers weapons african states fearing consequences successful secession supported nigeria biafra surrendered january subjected blockade caused mass starvation military government attempt bind country wounds opec member nigeria benefited oil price rise corruption poor oil revenues nigeria prosperous country sudan largest country africa zaire problems unity muslim controlled northern sudan contained nation professionals greater political power christian south
largest nation land area canada rich resources petroleum uranium timber found abundance wheat growing exporting nations postwar canada tried find identity nation south united states canada trade partner largest investor canada economy canada english speaking percent descendants french colonists speak french primary language french speaking population lives mainly province quebec language division worse feeling french canadians class citizens influence government control nation economic wealth led rene levesque separatist movement arose demand quebec nation quebec provincial government voted french official language province prime minister pierre elliott trudeau french canadian supported move bilingualism official languages trudeau favored giving quebec degree autonomy opposed separation issue hotly debated later referendum quebec voted separation canada separation divisive issue facing canada western provinces valuable mineral resources including oil sparse population political power began demand greater say country affairs deciding wealth resources canada negotiated national charter eliminated requirement canada constitution ratified british parliament
early rock roll music dominated singers groups united states young countries listened avidly records american singers chuck berry richard elvis presley buddy holly listened young liverpool england john lennon paul mccartney began play american songs guitars small clubs cavern liverpool soon added george harrison group named beatles trip germany beatles recorded song group added drummer richard starkey stage ringo starr beatles quickly popular group lively liverpool rock scene lennon mccartney began write songs top hit england capitol records released beatles song want hold hand united states january set national beatlemania craze february fab appeared popular television show hosted ed sullivan april beatles songs held top places record sales charts august movie hard night appeared expected teenagers swarmed ready investigate musical techniques beatles influenced popular music ways introduced psychedelic music recording bars songs backward kinds electronically produced sounds beatles rock roll performers recorded songs rpm disks song side beatles playing lp record sergeant pepper lonely hearts club band contained sequence songs loosely related popularity caused performers record similar concept lp
land covers percent earth surface divided large landmasses called continents map page continents vary size smallest continent australia island completely surrounded water australia continent consists nation continents north america south america connected narrow strip land called isthmus continents stretch arctic circle antarctica circle ural mountain range divides small continent europe large continent asia continents form huge landmass called eurasia asia largest continent occupies total land area earth continents africa antarctica continents separated oceans atlantic pacific indian arctic bodies water cover percent earth surface earth large bodies water called seas sea partly completely surrounded land arabian sea extension indian ocean mediterranean sea land completely bodies water flow land oceans seas gulf large part ocean partially surrounded land bay smaller gulf look gulf mexico bay bengal map page examples gulf bay piece land completely surrounded water called peninsula peninsula latin word island
person thought putting collection maps gerhardus mercator collection maps called atlas meractor born rupelmonde flanders town birth part belgium child mercator interested mathematics astronomy geography drawing skills mapmaker interest geography collected information sources looked ancient writings information brought recent explorations america africa asia mercator helped solve problems mapmaking corrected errors ancient egyptian mapmaker ptolemy centuries mapmakers measurements ptolemy ancient mapmaker guesses remarkable guessed mercator worked showing earth curved surface flat paper easy sailors method called mercator projection mercator projection excellent show poles areas proportion mercator worked greatest project atlas showed series maps atlas popular europe especially interesting planning journeys mercator paid close attention detail master art handwriting called calligraphy master drawing principles mercator developed today
history nile river center egypt june river floods banks spreading fine layer sand clay called silt land fresh silt makes land rich fertile fertile strip nile kilometers miles wide northern mouth river silt formed triangle shaped area land delta river yearly flood land useless growing crops desert sea natural borders invaders ancient egypt egyptians undisturbed war farmed land peaceful period ancient egyptians develop civilization hundreds peace allowed civilized faster ancient peoples early times living nile villages banded major kingdoms north south according tradition king known menes south armies conquered northern delta region believed united north south king pharaoh united egypt founded family rulers known dynasty menes egyptians conquered persians dynasties ruled pharaoh head egyptian society believed god king pharaoh enormous power nobles officials carried laws managed farming projects collected taxes pay cost government
nation group share history culture language part nation feeling unity group live area independent government area called nation today countries europe nation states early middle ages living europe felt differently felt loyal feudal lords members clergy pope took centuries feudal kingdoms europe nation states early middle ages kings stronger feudal lords kings ruled lands power lands nobles nobles wanted land led frequent wars trade travel increased lived towns gave support king local lord wanted free power feudal lords set governments believed strong king stop frequent wars war trade difficult interfered business activity towns towns paid taxes king exchange protection king pay armies inventions helped kings large wooden bow shot arrows greater distances earlier bows called longbow foot soldiers longbows able defeat knights horseback invention gunpower gunpowder brought power armies kings end kings france spain england ruled vast territories
ancient times explorers thought flat smaller result ancient maps inaccurate fifteenth century european explorers proved doubt round kind map introduced globe globe shows land water areas earth shaped earth globe give truly accurate picture globe easy carry found draw map round earth flat piece paper task easy mapmakers simply peel round map globe lie flat understand imagine peeled orange tried skin lie flat split peel times stretch places lay flat splitting stretching course greatly distort original shape orange mapmakers resolve problem able flat map accurate eventually found fitting map grid parallels meridians reasonably accurate maps global grid looks drawing margin notice parallels evenly spaced globe meridians north south poles ways show grid system flat surface ways margin
france greatest heroes young woman lived northern france early joan arc according tradition joan born january village northeastern france father peasant farmer mother raised joan christian joan young child english army invaded france took control country joan strange thing happened thought heard sound voices heaven voices faith able save france english passed joan dared tell voices believe effort change minds future king france charles vii charles believe joan story eventually joan managed persuade finally allowed joan lead french army english battle french led joan arc defeated english joan marched triumph city reims charles crowned king france joan led army paris failed drive english city later battle joan captured burgundians french allies english charged witch breaking laws church joan market town rouen burned stake large crowd joan courage brave deeds forgotten
arab republic egypt northeast corner africa small section egypt sinai peninsula western asia estimated million egypt larger population nation northern africa largest population african nation egypt large area texas arizona combined times number states egypt main land regions nile valley delta libyan desert eastern desert sinai peninsula important region nile valley includes river valley delta mouth nile river land side river place egypt fertile farming egypt live river banks libyan desert part giant sahara west nile desert covers thirds egypt parts desert lie sea level forming low areas called depressions areas oases water palm trees oases provide water tribes wandering nomads eastern desert part sahara lies eastern side nile red sea red sea mountains red sea mediterranean sea narrow strip land canal dug strip connect bodies water suez canal egypt receives fee ship passing canal sini peninsula east suez canal peninsula lies branches red sea
important queens egypt cleopatra family ruled egyptian kingdoms starting intelligent charming ambitious cleopatra wanted expand power egypt wanted share power rome attracted attention julius caesar general roman empire egypt caesar met fell love cleopatra ceasar cleopatra son named caesarion live rome later caesar murdered fearing cleopatra returned egypt child brother ruler egypt throne son cleopatra brother killed son ruled egypt cleopatra mark antony antony wanted emperor rome cleopatra saw opportunity expand power mark antony cleopatra hoped rule eastern part empire romans opposed antony cleopatra ambitions refused help antony rival octavian romans defeated armies antony cleopatra afraid slavery cleopatra message mark antony killing general committed suicide live according legend cleopatra put poisonous snake throat died bite cleopatra son carried plans rule romans caesarion executed knew caesarion continue civil war order rule rome prevent fighting division empire killed
groups settled tanzania groups burundi gorowa north bantu west southwest group spoke language customs values groups ancestors native tribes live tanzania today arab traders began settle east africa ago arabs settled zanzibar island settled coast native arab cultures slowly mixed shared mixed culture called swahili word swahili means coast swahili language spread east africa arabs built large city island zanzibar city zanzibar largest town east africa arabs brought african slaves zanzibar africans sold zanzibar slave market slave trade ended east africa divided european colonies late area tanzania german east africa later british colony tanganyika tanganyika began demand independence leader independence movement young teacher julius nyerere nyerere helped tanganyika gain independence britain zanzibar independent zanzibar tanganyika joined country nation named united republic tanzania tanzania divided ways languages spoken tanzania official languages swahili english muslims christians rest practice traditional african religions tribal groups tanzania single group dominant
communist government area china government powerful influence nation language education religion family economy chinese language oldest languages written chinese language characters character stands complete word syllable chinese language written chna pronounced hundreds ways speaking chinese ways person part china talk person part chinese government nothern chinese dialect speaking official language dialect taught schools china chinese government places importance education china schools stress technical scientific training training government believes help china developed nation nearly child china attends elementary school students middle school middle school students special test pass test attend college advanced technical school major religions china taoism confucianism buddhism taoism began china taoism teaches person lead simple close nature buddhism china india religion based thoughts teacher named buddha buddha taught person reborn death chinese follow confucianism teachings confucius government china unfriendly religions
written japanese woman named murasaki shikibu noblewoman lady waiting helper japanese empress lady murasaki experiences japanese court write book tells story author makes events woman wrote born lady murasaki shikibu special meaning murasaki means violet flower color shikibu title captain judge doctor means ceremonies lady murasaki member powerful fujiwara family helped rule japan early history lady murasaki married fujiwara nobutaka lieutenant imperial guard marriage husband death lady murasaki joined court empress akiko spent watching thinking events court began write story handsome prince lived court lived lady murasaki story longer longer character thoughts feelings called story tale genji chapters covered japanese court story true describes dressed behaved court read tale genji veiw japanese court ago
australia major land regions eastern highlands central lowlands western plateau eastern highlands include land eastern coast land extends eastern half cape york peninsula north city melbourne south eastern highlands australia smallest region live region soil highlands australia country farm produce including cotton sugarcane grown region part land makes eastern highlands known dividing range includes mountain ranges separate eastern highlands rest australia central lowlands australia total land area average elevation lowlands meters feet lake eyre lowest place australia located region lake eyre meters feet sea level wheat grown southern part lowlands areas grazing cattle sheep rest lowlands dry barren lakes rivers lowlands dry lake eyre dry western half australia called western plateau region desert grass shrubs grow coast southern northeastern parts region grassy areas grazing cattle sheep live central lowlands western plateau australia live cities towns eastern coastal area continent
real head government canada prime minister prime minister leader largest party canadian parliament prime minister chooses cabinet help direct government canadian government parliamentary democracy prime minister cabinet stay office supported parliament canadian parliament houses house commons senate house commons important houses members commons elected terms canadian citizens age vote general elections members senate chosen governor general recently canada cut ties britain parliament approved flag canada flag large red maple leaf center maple leaf popular symbol canada flag similar flag britain parliament changed canadian anthem anthem patriotic song chosen country national song anthem britain god save queen anthem canada parliament passed constitution act canada act gave canada amend change constitution british approval important problem facing canadian government separatist movement quebec pierre elliot trudeau prime minister canada trudeau sought build greater unity canada french speaking english speaking leadership parliament french english official languages canada
arrival european settlers aztec maya indians developed advanced civilizations mexico aztecs mayas written language similar egyptian hieroglyphics knowledge astronomy developed calendar indians skilled architects builders lived large cities built palaces temples pyramids buildings monuments stand reminders mexico past influence indian culture country common saying mexico indian blood veins present spirit europeans mexico spanish conquered indians early ruled country influence spanish part mexico heritage mexicans spanish indian ancestors spanish official language mexico mexicans follow roman catholic religion introduced spanish common animals plants mexico brought country spanish true burros cattle horses citrus fruits coffee sugarcane wheat spanish indian influence seen aspects mexican mexico modern nation building traditions country proud heritage blending past modern present future typical mexican village shows influence past present village built central plaza square indian spanish towns cities built plaza
south dakota large mountain rises forest covered black hills cliff side mountain giant heads carved meters feet tall faces george washington thomas jefferson abraham lincoln theodore roosevelt mountain mount rushmore idea carvings south dakota interested history nation wanted create lasting monument important past idea carving mountain unusual challenging decided honor washington jefferson lincoln roosevelt presidents chosen symbolize founding country political philosophy preservation union expansion conservation congress passed act creating national memorial south dakota mount rushmore picked place memorial american aritst named gutzon borglum chosen carvings borglum worked mount rushmore helpers dynamite huge drills cut rock workers unable bad weather entire mount rushmore project cost million money united states government borglum working project died march son lincoln completed project october million visit mount rushmore monument presidents united states
volcano nature frightening shows minutes volcanic eruption throw millions kilograms rocks deadly clouds hot gases mountains islands blasted records cities destroyed volcanoes volcanic eruption took place island greece island disappeared event basis story lost land atlantis mexico farmer discovered crack meters cornfield crack opened night red hot stones ash blew crack morning volcano ten meters high appeared volcano grew height meters ash volcano covered countryside farmer lost cornfield thousands lost homes known volcanic disaster took place loss roman city pompeii city buried volcanic material fig volcanic material city buried stories explain volcanoes romans believed volcanoes caused god thought roman god vulcan huge ovens ground volcanoes named vulcan chimneys huge hidden ovens scientific study volcanoes began started careful observations earth observations information gather senses
welcome future created scientific research development questions possibilities science knowledge facts discovered science activity answering questions seeking knowledge attempt explain facts mean facts science foundation technology built special features sections tried inform current research technological developments actually extended subject matter science changed nature learn order live modern society special features sections textbook material encourage explore events scientific events constantly changing raise questions answer read weather satellites helping save crops lives technology creating gold rush california computerized images heat sensing satellites charting warm ocean currents possibility harnessing wind energy supply share electrical energy earth planetary sciences undergoing amazing information technologies technologies result application scientific thought research created society jobs careers find today job market understand brought addition technologies elimination typographers set books print physical type actual letters engraved metal arranged letters line line page print
sun appears rise morning cross sky set evening move sky east west shown fig ways explain movements sun sun moves earth idea explains observations sun idea believed true centuries greek named ptolemy reasoned earth moving earth moved bird tree branch swept idea sun moved earth accepted polish scientist copernicus proposed sun move earth sun move sky correct explanation earth spinning bicycle wheel spinning motion called rotation wheel turns axle earth turns axis earth axis imaginary line running center earth pole pole direction earth rotation west east put finger globe push east direction globe rotate west east earth earth observable effects earth rotation night earth rotates place passes sunlight darkness fig shadow stick sunny follow path sun sky earth rotates
rock material formed surface crust exposed weather remains buried weathering takes place rocks formed surface uncovered exposed weather main forces weather water air general weathering happens solid part earth lithosphere comes contact liquid water earth hydrosphere air atmosphere parts earth meet zones called interfaces weathering takes place interfaces physical chemical weathering processes weathering physical weathering rocks broken smaller pieces chemical weathering substances rock changed weathering combination physical chemical breakdown effect frost action rock physical weathering frost action happens water enters cracks rock temperature drops trapped water freezes water expands freezes freezing water produces large force expands seen water pipes broke water inside froze water freezes inside crack rock crack larger water crack freezing melting freezing repeatedly break rock frost action important agent physical weathering cold climates kind physical weathering begins rock buried deep underground rock deep beneath surface pressure weight rock buried rock expands exposed erosion outer layers loosened peel layers onion
glaciers covered earth surface ten thousand ago york city covered layer ice kilometer thick fig sea level lower today partly result earth water supply trapped ice sheets huge glaciers eroded north america left features tell lakes formed glacial action huge lakes fill basins advancing glaciers river valleys wider deeper water melting glaciers trapped dams built moraines evidence glacial erosion seen plains midwestern north america england states climate earth warmed ice sheets disappeared north america ten thousand ago glaciers found high mountains poles scientists believe periods glaciation place earth history cool period allowed earth water frozen ice ice age ice age warm period evidence maybe ten ice ages million ice age glaciers grow join ice sheets kilometers thick formed weight icecaps spread directions scientific theory explains earth ice ages scientists look reasons earth climate cool
technology idea updated happened windmill technology closely holland versions windmill united states rural areas country primarily pump water irrigation systems provided electricity fact wind generated electricity windcharger common midwest utility lines covered country wind farms developed harvest wind order produce electricity large scale giant wooden blades storybook windmills replaced wide variety designs generate electricity called wind turbines moving blades rotate stationary cylinder referred rotors united states wind farms concentrated altamonte pass california shown photo wind commonly blows days row stopping dies starts pattern repeated mid march mid september location alktamonte pass wind turbines generate electricity wind turbines designed built manufacturer location hundred wind turbines planned developer sites wind farms montana wyoming hampshire individual wind turbines produce electricity smaller scale rural urban areas type turbine slightly design
suppose piece rock laboratory find exactly looked thin slice rock special microscope mineral grains rock fig looked single mineral grain microscope limit power super microscope show mineral grain atoms million atoms reach period end sentence atoms mineral find alike suppose examining mineral shown fig common mineral called quartz kinds atoms silicon oxygen minerals kinds atoms minerals chemical elements elements gold found pure form gold nugget lump single kind mineral properties gold easy identify found mixed pieces rock separate atoms mineral substance joined mineral grain exist solid piece matter mineral quartz silicon oxygen atoms joined kinds atoms combine quartz special properties quartz identified separate mineral gold identified properties
technological advance welcomed open arms considered mixed blessing raise anxiety interest gold rush planned begin mother lode area jamestown california mother lode refers main vein deposit operating mines survivors gold rush closed gold mining continued united states form early gold rush days prospectors pan gold dust streams dig surface rocks placer gold consists nuggets grains gold individuals strike rich find gold mining profitable exciting newest gold rush small scale jamestown project large scale operate hours technology separate gold minerals technology strip mining pull ore mixture gold quartz hills shafts dug mountains millions tons rock moved conveyor belts miles carry ore directly open pits mills ore gold crushed ore washed mixture water pine oil chemicals mixture foam gold iron pyrites fool gold stick bubbles skimmed top iron pyrites separated gold mixing compound called thiourea thiourea found urine cattle animals iron pyrites thiourea byproduct fertilizer glassmaking produce sulfuric acid
minerals chemical elements valuable mineral element copper copper metal separated mineral electric wires minerals found limestone cement kind rock valuable mineral called ore called ore rock able mined profit chemical elements aluminum found minerals aluminum common part minerals likely found rock pick hand elements copper common minerals ordinary rocks likely small amounts element rocks places earth crust larger amounts element mineral ordinarily found body rock large amount element mineral called mineral deposit mineral deposit formed earth crust minerals separate parent rock minerals separated deposited body rock forming ore important mineral deposits formed ways minerals separated rocks dissolving hot water hot water ground water heated bodies magma surface hot water magma hot water moves rocks dissolves minerals hot mineral mixture enters cracks cooler rocks
clouds block infrared rays light sun air feels cooler cloud covers sun sun ultraviolet energy absorbed layer ozone gas upper atmosphere small amount ultraviolet rays layer sunburn ultraviolet rays pass clouds sunburned cloudy gases air catch rays blue light sun colors pass rays blue light spread directions blue rays sky look blue atmosphere space appears black gases catch light atmosphere large particles dust water vapor colors visible light spread sky look blue milky white blueness sky shows free dust particles noticed hot car windows closed left sun atmosphere heated air car inside car hot radiant energy passes car windows energy absorbed interior car energy changed longer waves glass car windows allow longer wave radiant energy escape energy trapped inside car causing materials air inside car hotter hotter land water earth warmed asborbing radiant energy
fog kind cloud forms ground level fog clouds drops water small float air water vapor enters air hot shower warm moist air strikes cool surface water vapor leaves air liquid process called condensation bathroom mirror coated film condensed water conditions water vapor air condense air cooled lower temperatures air holds moisture fog forms night temperature air ground drops condition water vapor air condense presence kind solid surface solid surface mirror place water vapor condense water condenses surface mirror mirror cooler warm moist air bathroom water molecules water vapor tend stick solid surfaces water attracted drops form fig surface molecules land water vapor condense order water vapor condense air conditions exist nature bathroom step lowering temperature air dew point dew point temperature water vapor air begins condense air cooled dew point touches cool surface reason dew forms night surfaces grass
present data collected kinds weather satellite help meteorologists forecasts noaa noaa orbit poles spacecraft called television infrared observation satellite tiros covers earth television devices infrared heat sensors send information help predict global movement storms satellites called geostationary operational environmental satellites goes circular orbits kilometers equator goes tiros maintain orbits approximtaely points equator makes easier track earth collect data receivers directed point tiros tracked move polar orbits types satellites carry instruments monitor sun activity collect relay information radioed remote parts send satellite images national weather service maps amateur professional users satellites important contributions increased accuracy weather prediction especially observations weather patterns winds continental united states blow west observations weather patterns pacific ocean important forecasters goes satellites heat sensors observations progress freezing temperatures warnings issued fruit growers florida southeast texas measures prevent limit damages crops weather satellites helping save lives weather watch established united states commit spacecraft program global weather observations recent launched service sea search rescues
june mysterious explosion occured siberia asleep tents kilometers blown air nearby town windows broken explosion detected england explosion caused unknown object space solar system bodies float planets orbits mars jupiter wide region solar system planet zone found huge number lumps boulders objects called asteroids fig total number asteroids known larger reflect sunlight seen telescopes asteroids discovered asteroid discovered photographed times orbit determined fig thousands appeared photographs spent find orbits asteroids known diameters greater kilometers largest called ceres diameter kilometers thousands diameters kilometers asteroids put equal mass small planet ceres makes percent total mass known asteroids scientists thought asteroids wreckage small planet planet supposed torn jupiter tremendous force gravity scientists material asteroids planet think asteroids part large bodies formed planets
star able send kind message earth message form radiant energy travel space look star radiant energy form visible light stars give invisible forms radiant energy radio waves rays ultraviolet infrared gamma rays astronomers study stars capturing radiant energy telescopes kinds telescopes earth surface familiar telescopes lenses special mirrors telescopes collect magnify visible light stars radio telescopes capture study radio waves reach earth surface infrared rays detected ground based telescopes rays ultraviolet rays gamma rays stars blocked earth atmosphere telescopes capture forms energy observing satellites space vehicles high atmosphere kinds radiant energy stars carry information stars atoms light star compared music sounds produced instruments instrument adds sound music atoms star add characteristic part energy star scientists study starlight collecting telescope special instrument telescope called spectroscope separates light characteristic parts parts recorded photographic film computers later study studying records spectroscopes astronomers able learn kinds atoms stars
spacelab flew ten days november produced information fill volumes encyclopedia ten analyze data spacelab important took scientific experiments space took scientists significant international research effort joining forces european space agency nasa specialists spacelab carried experiments designed scientists countries included investigations biological clocks living things affected gravity gravity affects human immunological system space sickness caused spacelab carried imaging spectrometric observatory iso set unique instruments studying atmosphere spacelab produced kind scientist competent perform experiments biology physics chemistry astronomy limited period spacelab produced space traveler payload specialist crew mission proved space extremely valuable equipment broke scientists space repair camera designed produce extremely clear photographs square kilometer regions earth jammed led major disappointment percent earth mapped resource planning spacelab weeks expensive photographing planes happened camera repaired board produced important photographs spacelab experiments important space provide conditions occur earth making scientists manufacturers wonder things impossible earth built developed space
james milton skated park wheels hummed path cool trees streaked past bench mystery sat sun glinted bald head glasses zoom zoom james held arms wide swooping flying mystery pulled feet hey park worker shook rake boys skating park roll james face let try path apartment milton skated street place skating hairy curves nice smooth concrete james mrs grump watching stared mrs grump apartment window sure frowning getting ready tell james mom wrong bet thinks knock milton muttered mom nice mom nice james nice mrs grump tenants james think mom owned apartments took care james live apartment free milton poked james ribs mystery james looked park mystery bench half hidden bushes think love mrs grump asked milton maybe sits watching apartments milt james felt weird sudden milt asked hear say
molly answered door polly tell lost thing slammed door shut reminded friends sharing going sure pretty sharp remembered grandmother museum throws drifted cut grass safe side wandered stable stores junk poked raising dust waving cobwebs spotted thing buggy question kid spoked wheels rusted busted wooden seat lever sticking front lever handle asked grandma gave kick thing think called irish mail belonged grandfather grandfather sit seat pump handle drives rear wheels say home bud say bring pop helped home car standing staring sister dimwit joined real perry pest call perry need favor kicked grandma ground ask bud pop warned bugs think
workers boston docks sniffed salty air looked read early morning sky calm morning sunny ahead hint soon happen july began usual ferry running monday ships bobbed harbor outbound ships waiting loaded ships waited workers unload cargo row shore room ahead shouted carriers bent weight chests bales staggered docks streets looking cried bendall dock swarming edward bendall charge ferry barges loaded big ships hiring workers shouting orders workers jammed dock fourteen crew members merchant ship mary rose rowed push space step ashore afternoon waterfront finally settled hour boston returned home quiet meal ate dinner heard loud crashing boom happened miles stared fearfully shaking ceilings walls earthquake thought rushed saw flames harbor mary rose exploded burning shattered boards floated harbor rest ship quickly sank rowers pushed look survived boats harbor area searchers rescued discovered dazed clinging door hatchway found alive
buddies going dance pete joe bob animal found yes taking pete asked swim practice tuesday surprise surprised pete personal mark talking dance days bet don date sweat told locked lie asked jill roth dance sorry going total waste remember felt afterward pretty bad liked jill swimmer knew joke thought hit pretty kind surprised shot told big deal ask couldn sounds crazy afraid things remember high dive sure scared fought dived frank school big shot sure scared managed tell lost nerve afraid simple word fall asleep minutes flat night tossed turned couldn stop thinking dance course stag lots guys told date look walked
runners racing car drivers bowlers football players sports carry charms luck piece coin smooth stone stuffed animal medal chain dirty socks thought lucky team sports players wear special number luck wear number supposed bring bad luck players think change lucky number baseball players step foul line running field stepping line brings bad luck saying goes tennis players bounce ball times serving luck luck rituals sports play coach watch thing players put uniforms maybe left sock goes shirt goes athletes eat food competing change bring bad luck say trouble ward bad luck ohio high school basketball team took part ritual game coach told starting players lie face circle floor asked players touch hands middle circle coach give player luck pat team won games row coach wore suit game
external means product eyes skin follow directions ammonia eyes internal means inside internally swallowing word immediately means give immediately person swallowed ammonia directions tell call physician doctor immediately call doctor household cleaner swallowed warning label mix ammonia bleach household cleaner result deadly gas read warnings ready follow directions product valerie decided safer clean bathroom wrong took clean tub drain june check things june asked drain plugged need pour drain stuff june knew expect read directions asked yeah valerie valerie read directions step says shouldn stuff val trash safe job directions tell product starting job read directions picture read part ammonia label ammonia water clean kitchen floor ammonia remove grease ready ammonia double check directions
thing friendly wolf licked face kay sit wolf took paws shoulders sat kay eyes friendly re friend kay tried hurt wolf wouldn friendly wolf watching bet belgian sheepdog kay belgians sense feel tell wrong ideal police dogs stepped wolf didn miss move notice kay wolf decided ok lay kay foot smart kay course young makes mistake um kind mistake asked looking uneasily wolf mistake cost arm leg sure kay thought moment started laugh remember ski mask course remembered ski mask neighborhood remembered ski mask ski mask mugger mean won tell called ski mask wore tell guess ski mask jail belongs hope stays caught pretty scared afraid night set neighborhood patrols police helped hear finally caught don tell wolf caught ski mask kay laughed tell wolf
sergeant dave rodriguez stands tailgate big yc caribou jump plane shivers cold jump feet golden knights parachute team united states army jumps rodriguez steps thin cold air left hand holds thick wooden baton hand pulls cord lets thick plume bright red smoke smoke pours strapped boot smoke trail crowd watching miles jump split later sergeant randy matthews pops smoke dives teammate skillfully moves arms hands legs control speed angle fall matthews swoops rodriguez grabs end baton skydiver bends leg spin pinwheel dropping sky miles hour twin smoke trails twist feet rodriguez lets baton jumpers fly pull ripcords seconds later black gold parachutes open rumbling sound knights steer gliding parachutes land front crowd tiptoe founded golden knights precision parachuting team shown skydiving skills states countries performed events ranging air shows opening winter olympics weather knights show jumps feet
index alphabetical list items catalog tells page item found index front middle catalog found hard list single item index items alike found listing index suppose want special radio index list word radio set page numbers check pages find radio look place index suppose want buy lock bicycle look word bicycle find bicycle lock listed look look word lock fact bicycle locks listed sample index page kinds locks listed sample index items grouped common key word case key word lock kinds locks listed sample index find item index don give look key words order item catalog sure exactly want turn page listed index read entry carefully suppose want order pair wrist guards roller skating read sample entry
sun august strange looking wandered yard slaughterhouse oroville california dogs barked tired weak drive barking shattered stillness awakened workers place quiet dogs believe eyes nearly fifty huddled fence wore shoes hat wearing large canvas rag part covered wagon short thick black hair burned close scalp pieces deer hide stuck ear lobes workers weak hunger saw couldn understand word excitedly called sheriff oroville wild sheriff saw american indian knowing took oroville put jail cell protected curious food offered eat sleep afraid kill stayed awake watch young scientist university california read newspaper thomas waterman knew lot american indian languages thought able talk oroville carrying list words jail cell waterman sat began say word word looking sign understood
going sounds science fiction named manuel elizalde jr trip machine helicopter flew edge tropical rain forest philippines edge rain forest stood group called tasaday gentle shy seen modern elizalde amazed worked native peoples philippines met tasaday human beings living today modern places earth haven explored settled tropical rain forest fly overhead unbroken stretch blue green treetops trees forest grow feet tall tall story building forest thick trees swinging vines plants forest floor soft mat rotting leaves plants inside forest warm humid nearby villages dared wander forest local hunter met shy forest finally june asked forest meet manuel elizalde things tasaday group planet tasaday hunt animals plant harvest crops collected food small frogs tadpoles crabs fish fruits
finally country school study study learn english study job mother vietnam job save money maybe find mother loc stopped talking suddenly room quiet stan wondered loc mentioned father remembered mrs ellis remember stan students lived war lots seen members families killed seen things awful talk loc pushed chair stood ask think school feel lucky study honest tell don understand american students american students talk games think american students interested games country students interested real loc looked stan spoke choosing words carefully excuse forgive rudeness american students interested real stan didn run loc al walking hall stan saw loc standing row lockers hesitated eyes met stan smiled loc looked blankly moment smiled loc al asked walked stan told interview ok answered stan talk homework stan didn answer tell real
underwater cages hanging ship watched waited dangerous reef strained eyes catch movement pale torpedo shapes underwater gloom sharks seen surface film spooked cages movement huge moving distance suddenly white shark appeared slow strokes tail comes felt grateful relieved held big camera tight shoulder looked sights pressed trigger camera rolling shark boldly swerved past cages looked dark eyes black holes distance ugly creature magnificent snout cone shaped mouth hung open slightly showing lower teeth inch hunter rarest dangerous shark white shark turned meters cage wrinkled nose bared teeth opened mouth wide attack coming gripped camera tight slowing shark swam straight cage saw white fangs red tunnel throat sight seen creatures die shark hit top float cage float seal sharp dagger teeth terrible slashing wound sickening crunch teeth metal shark backed shook head boxer sharp left hook
snakes fact bush joined ben underwater filming sea snakes training admit sea snake met gave bad making ben films likes strong reaction shots sure snake swam slowly thought bad fuss speeded kicked furious attacked kicked darted missed snake dodged past flipper aware wet suit protect snake head beady eyes forked tongue flicking front mask shut eyes screamed snorkel heard boat lashed blindly speargun opened eyes snake felt foolish experience respect sea snakes sea snakes grumpy times re sea creatures attack seemingly reason wild amimals fight backed corner natural snakes look trouble attack divers peck wet suits angry birds luckily short fangs fangs don rubber snake large attack ten snakes acting bold diver triggers
beam ed flashlight danced walls house wide boards crossed windows doors signs warned danger sign added words joke ghost days ago ed laughed joke knew ghost house things sign told sold ghost house sold ed mother going mother home rich mother dreamed owning house found house jumped chance house bad shape bank lent cash fix ghost house knows thing thing ghost thing words whirled ed head checked watch twelve friends jess barbara meeting soon twelve ghosts walk told thought gave chill thing talk catching ghost real late turn jess barbara walking path ghost hunters begin jess rubbed hands wink let started yes barbara added let find ghost ed looked friends
studying dark eyes stared mine afraid thinking maybe shouldn fact skill amazing dazzling knew small carnival settled thinking magician smiled odd dark smile knew thinking sure quick move hand plucked small card air trick grace trick kid handed card asked squinting dim light answer looked magician later sat flashing lights carnival ride read card side words dazzle note scribbled side show saturday night card kid asked magic show give card want show planning puzzle await show sellout place packed magician walked stage hush settled tent magician night stranger sensed
lady floating mid air don believe eyes think lady held wires don magician believe eyes look ring gaps spaces wires ring trick stage prop real magician starts lady head passes ring body feet passes head don believe magician pass ring starts feet goes head takes ring feet holding lady wires ring couldn passed lady floating mid air trick lady floats bench magician takes trance trick lady held shaped bar magician care passed ring lady body magician passed ring started lady head walked feet ring fit curve ring move lady head magician passed ring started lady feet walked head ring fit curve ring magician move lady feet
silver spaceship glided planet listed zed space charts passed pale green misty sky nestled deep rocky canyon turn scanner screen captain dee melvin ordered check answered luke reese hands worked flashing buttons scanner cameras began slow sweep land ship astronauts peered huge screen rocks rocks rocks luke remarked shrug sixteen planets checked run sat bored luke wait dee freeze screen degrees dee rubbed eyes form readings luke sat startled checked readings relaxed forms machines rocks look dee pointed spot left corner screen ship kind close try luke think punched computer orders picture flashed scanner screen blur dee mutered help let luke agreed lower space jeep checks ok don need air masks dee opened outer hatch luke climbed ladder whiff zed air filled dust fine dust choke luke sneezed don understand luke gasped sneezes readings didn pick
ron week ago ron math teacher told class going big math test ron saved studying night test getting late ron problem keeping eyes open lot studying think ron math test think test wise week study didn plan spent studying spending trying awake studying think going feel morning sleep test wise means planning study don want end ron tired test ann getting ready math test days ago teacher told class need test ann knows needs red pencil ruler looking left locker ann run locker rest class begin test ann going late start think ann test wise wasted lot running locker planning saved test test wise means planning ahead need test don want end ann worrying thinking test
think re smart mike trying hard control voice hide upset kid mean nasty kid matter danny meet lots nice kids look pick school football field thinking trying team school mike found danny sitting boy mike boy wearing hearing aid mitch danny class mitch goes football field school likes watch team mike smiled mitch turned danny friend wink danny winked field danny mitch sat stands mike spotted calvin jones boys class mike calvin called talking big whistle neck mike santee coach freeman calvin big reached mike hand grip strong firm hear moved mike calvin tells running team mike nodded fine coach running cal help find wear show smiled mike walked calvin turned called boys met mike santee mike moved city boy named ken blake saw morning kid brother
seats comfort cramped small narrow space lots leg elbow room room wheelchair seat table folds needed folds seats recline drowsy grab pillow settle nap lots things tgv napping feel reading browse newsstand place hot cold drinks snacks seat trips dining cars full meal train goes town town watch land speed window train fly goes fast glide air ride smooth bump free cars tgv car shocks smooth ride shocks trains things smooth ride seats wheels tgv cars important track track tgv pieces welded form line track tgv track makes fast smooth ride makes safe ride track goes roads streets pass ride train fellow riders look roads streets
re gas yoshi gas oak road jim thing oak road easy coast yoshi put truck gear coasted slowly hill jim eyed judo coach cleared throat yoshi talk sure answered yoshi remember working jim remember trying throw mike harder tried madder madder harder throw sure remember yoshi wasn getting jim soaked sweat ready quit told relax remember judo won mad relaxed threw bam bam sure happens yoshi jim frowned dashboard yes thinking class mike friends let say jumps getting mad takes control yoshi sure agreed jim yoshi spoke softly remember goal judo jim goal win force japanese judo means gentle yoshi studied road mad waste lot force goal judo win getting mad won real judo defend getting mad force jim looked yoshi wanted say black belt hope fourth
aware messages find notices posters found places catch eye passer schools stores places check food stores set special space messages schools message board joan sandy school front hall pass board look pages kinds messages board message board crammed sorts messages notices posters short notes read message don look messages find important messages headings words large print headings eye catching easy read hint rest message reading headings sort messages don want read ahead read messages important check headings save wanted buy bike heading important bike sale member hiking club heading catch eye sister lost ring heading want read rest message messages important look means reading closely
suddenly gail cried brute dashed bedroom rick dog standing guard crib baby high pitched wails filled room pain pushed legs bars railing stuck tangled head body blanket thrashing screaming rick moved crib brute snarled rrrrrr black lips pulled reveal sharp yellow teeth rick jumped ok brute ok boy rick softly easy let gail crib stepped crib warning growl rrrrrr baby wail muffled blanket mouth nose breathe rick raced hallway telephone called number mrs brown left line busy hung tried busy fear filled throat call mother wouldn brute trust wasn free gail fast rick looked quickly bait found leftover roast beef jammed thing brute bowl brute called food treat brute brute didn rick tore small pieces roast laid trail bowl gail bedroom chunk feet brute huge animal glared lowered head stepped rick snarled warning rick jumped doorway body shaking
sixteen friend jack working mining claim dad hard looking gold camp boone mountain bed rolls tent cooked food fire woods dark moon jack sit looking fire listening owls hooting woods think lucky working boone mountain big smelly factory town bad part food nearest store miles hike lasted took turns going store sold beans bacon tea ate beans bacon tea meal beans bacon tea weeks beans bacon tea taste fresh meat talked lot night asked jack choose thing eat pork chops big thick pork chops fried pan crisp inside tender jack licked lips drooling bill steak told steak inches thick big juicy steak cooked rare brown red inside cut juice run eaten meat lick juice plate
nome alaska repeat nome alaska news wire town anchorage alaska miles south need help fast repeat need help news bad nome sick diphtheria died die treated soon medicine nome treat diphtheria medicine anchorage raging snowstorm storm bad airplanes couldn fly trains nome sea sea frozen ice ships couldn road south blocked deep drifts snow medicine anchorage nome dogsled medicine packed box north train point miles south nome train snow covered tracks dog teams haul medicine nome sled teams ready team pushed north stopped small town fresh team waiting team meet team ready medicine north teams miles grew tired storm growing worse minute charlie olson team crawled town bluff miles south nome miles olson dogs frozen ready drop
lore west filled tales lost gold mines waiting found lucky smart dreamer richest mine phoenix arizona hidden mountain range odd superstition mountains knows superstitions received agree fits rugged superstitions perfect setting tale lost gold legend lost dutchman mine easy think lost dutchman tall tale fact dutchman jake waltz germany days germany called dutch waltz arizona worked mines owned stories claim high grader stole mines hiding gold clothes say fortune hard picture making fortune sneaking nuggets gold stories say jake waltz partner jake wiser hit pay dirt superstitions true easy task thought superstitions full danger weird stories told gold apaches apaches legends superstitions mountains gold looking
stories lost dutchman mine filled clues mine whereabouts clues jake waltz hard tell clues legends changing growing tell added story known clues mine pit cave pit funnel shaped widest part funnel top pit narrower mine mine mile north cliff looks horse head head faces east mine sight weaver needle towering hill rock mouth mine faces west setting sun shines pass high ridges rays hit gold glitter big slab rock eye hole sandblasted wind look eye mine mine side mountain tunnel tunnel goes side mountain meets mine shaft tunnel supposed dug peraltas lots clues picture signs carved cliff walls signs believed carved peralta miners lead mine problem knows read planning journey superstitions strike rich thing
luther wandered shopping mall friends griff dan football players finished senior chalmers high horsemen musketeers newspapers referred offers pouring griffin jones luther patton times bragged players eyes set mall clock struck noon luther heart jumped midday meant mail luther wondered letter today knew griff thinking mail guy st francis heard yesterday dan loudly dan griff warned dan deaf times yelled unintentionally liked told important letter asked luther coach phoned dan replied wide receiver needs pick couple linebackers luther thought wide receiver st francis feeling terrific today waiting luther griff sweat answer phone luther griff asked mean rings luther realizing meant replied gena answers phone ring mom says talent reserved sixteen girls luther turned scholarships schools coach talked griff coach definite offers impressed thought maybe going spoiled thought going
hastily luther grabbed jacket charged house took bus cheyney trail cheyney trail place wanted cry scream face wouldn going announce ways luther thought face run decision arrived home mom gena greeted door mom queried happened coach say full tuition determined scrape money luther swallowed instantly realized wants decided turned expressions mom gena faces called humorous humorous wanted cry felt relief luther patton valuable player wanted queen continued stick dan mom eyes widened wanted don put hand mouth luther dan luther swallowed dan began meant gena hugging luther apologize mean things nice luther stared heads stayed dan stomped dan mom stepped wiped eyes re going celebrate anyway
antonio jogged felix watched friend vanish sight week passed slowly antonio felix avoided grapevine heard progress night fight felix movie called champion seeing watched movie champ antonio challenger movie ended felix realized mind ready fight going felix champion versus antonio challenger hoping knockout early fight jogged neighborhood returned aunt place bed fell asleep heard bell gong round sitting rooftop apartment building antonio worrying fight realized felix getting badly hurt knock early fast antonio wondered fight affect friendship felix told fighting sport friendship felix amigo brother ring fighter later antonio fell asleep hearing bell gong round felix hoped early victory clean knockout neighborhood assembled fight antonio felix liked loyal fans boys club gym wasn big hold large crowd fight scheduled place neighborhood park gathered watch fight ringside fire escapes rooftops
answered knock screen door want unload car barn asked trying sound favor sharp blue eyes studied face want hot rod ma want parts give hundred dollars haul free junk snapped stirred forty rent space mrs delong think want cars place charlie perkins garage perk knows cars perk connoisseur tiny office checking bill cornie ran breath hey perk duesenberg worth perk stretched leaned remove hat say cornelius vehicle gem country collector prize possession cornie lowered voice staked mine hundred dollars perk eyes narrowed owns mrs tightwad delong need hundred perk tow truck garage storage live wire broker legal possession cornie sell uptight don trust cornie looked mechanic overcharged worked days week sorry deal let mrs delong stops thinking parked front mrs delong place cash perk
storm threatened morning hit noon girls sat shelter afternoon halfheartedly playing chess supper jenny lake water suddenly rushing quick hollered girls heels dashed lake lake low rumble inboard motor motor heard night amanda declared tonight lights boat flashlights jenny commanded re going cairn re held momentarily jenny determination fired adventurous spirit quickly launched boat heavy waves started small outboard don think seen jenny let stick close shoreline lights part hour moved heavy waves finally jenny cut motor tina rita paddled boat beach moving quietly brush reached small cliff overlooking beacon boat tied cove point deserted girls stood cliff minutes heard dull clank metal scraping stone lake side cairn appeared cove boat tied disappeared storm secret entrance cairn amanda missed point boat let rita single file girls cautiously picked sharp underwater ridge cliff
agreed ideal spot started carrying heavy silver chests forming line side cliff passed bars top tina piled hole hard girls puffing finished filled chests stones carefully replaced battered locks rest girls took turns standing watch opening metal marker slightly observe happening side point hours dragged sun sank tree covered mountains rita standing guard called clear let going quickly girls left cairn launch boat heard low rumble inboard motor hold amanda sounds buddies saw boat pulling slowly cove scar stocky disappeared cairn eventually chests appeared big lowered rocks boat girls knew trick worked big red cairn didn reappear minutes set blow hollered let big motor roared action boat raced suppose meant blow rita asked instantaneously rita question answered low thunderous rumble spouts water shot high air rushing water rocks tumbled cliffs trees uprooted hauntingly quiet
guys working station strut chico manfred miser stands youth opportunities unlimited idea start projects neighborhoods kids learn type job paycheck don think miranda mind gave opportunity learn mechanics service station summer miranda biggest opportunity minds strut chico manfred miser knew slightly hanging recreation center winter wasn till jobs service station calling guys miranda started uniforms printed big red letters started coming station thinking guys kind club believe member club falling pump miranda pedaled bicycle miranda summer pretty running station actually farscati mechanics artie walker ran waiting customers needed gas oil artie walker show repairs artie walker pretty hard didn mind wouldn getting paycheck week miranda big deal figuring going spend paycheck saturday
funerals bands play slow sad songs cemetery home musicians strike happy tunes meant disrespectful dead honor paid dead cemetery music living music brass bands exciting musicians able read music played felt practically heard melodies music melodies europe especially france spain countries early louisiana settlers musicians brought music rhythm beat rhythm west africa africa ancestors musicians kind music played heard free easy swinging exciting jazz beginnings joe oliver children dancing musician imitating leader held imaginary cornet hands fingered blew sky thought won wonderful blow real horn town someday call king call buddy bolden king thirteen joe oliver real cornet battered horn began teach step step notes teaching read music worked hard soon family friends orleans knew joe oliver cornet player someday
end ninth grade janet donovan shy felt fifteen failure concerned qualilty extremely young children reason decided apply summer job teacher aide nearby daycare center job figured avoid dull summer neighbor darrell danielson taking banjo lessons father today janet present dreaded school assignment give oral report english class father let borrow mandolin fiddle show talk bluegrass music janet trudged front classroom avoiding eyes eighteen students english class unfastened clasps fiddle case realized thing save fire drill wasn likely school turned mandolin case fumbled fashioned catches musty sawdusty smell arose case raised lid looked case darrell banjo expected talk dad remarked morning couldn talk bluegrass string darrell banjo janet preparing begin girlfriend horse front room threw paper wastebasket horse poked janet shoulder whispered luck seat
midnight rosenberg final cut nice alan director magnotta takes place climbing top girder show sutton pre fall choreography drop leg replant drop arm drop left arm comes fall sutton goes repeating magnotta movements pickup arrives crammed unfolded cardboard boxes crash pads tied top grips construct move things set begin making boxes grips place fifty boxes deep sutton fall tie bunch rope crash pads top magnotta drills sutton drop leg exactly going don push don want push let arm let don look face ruin shot questions asks stunt sutton shakes head magnotta practice woman talkie walks magnotta asks vic set re ready chief magnotta tells director person minute touchup sutton head twenty morning set lit fall cameras position mat slow motion hand held director photography asks lens sutton deep kneebends magnotta fills final moments quiet coaching enrico paces set paintbrush hand tube red stuff called apply cut corner sutton mouth
classified part large newspapers lists jobs open find job interested look jobs divided groups listed page find heading think list jobs interested idea ads found suppose animals interested finding job helper animal hospital thing look quickly jobs listed professional help read ads looking title word animal veterinary suppose found ads title veterinary assistant look glance ads written code help wanted ads abbreviations save space money look ads find abbreviations hrs stands hours yrs sat saturday abbreviations ads listed ad read excellent opportunity high school student part flexible hours experience call appointment words train mean employer give training skills needed job read ad says experience weekdays saturdays benefits weeks vacation help wanted ads give facts job examples facts job title ad list qualifications job note duties driving truck making deliveries
fortune heart leaped bear woman known mother known mother mother woman known feathers wife tall chief bear woman says help hopes find fortune thanked turned chief spotted horse find piegans chief turned west lifted arm blue haze shining mountains boys rode crow village fortune crows enemies blackfoot nation strange enemy help find took days hard riding find piegan camped beaver creek foothills mountains welcomed boys listened story interest yes recognized floral designs beads baby garments women worked designs pointed moccasins leggings trappings ponies flowers kinds colors trailing stems pointed leaves fortune asked tall chief feathers told woman dead winters tall chief feathers daughter married siksika warrior traveled husband rising sun borne child knew daughter feathers tall chief fortune asked
nearly sixty million buffaloes roamed open spaces mexican border north canada herd buffaloes stretch plains eye native americans lived plains buffaloes major source food clothing shelter native americans depended buffaloes move villages scouts found herd methods buffalo hunting required courage hard cunning hunters disguised wolves buffalo kill shot important arrow kill animal bellowing wounded buffalo stampede rest herd method involved surrounding part herd circle hunters driving animals wooden corral buffaloes easier targets bows arrows clubs hunting methods changed native americans horses mounted hunter swoop herd kill buffalo bow arrow dash hunter able kill buffaloes herd thundered reach horse rider extremely skillful trampled stampeding herd hard hunt hunter wife found buffalo husband arrow identified animal buffalo quickly skinned meat bones entrails woman packed skins loaded travois hauled camp
hides fleshed scraped form stiff cream colored rawhide containers called parfleches food stored parfleches resembled large envelopes clothing household goods bigger parfleche boxes turning rawhide leather took lot hides tanned rubbing mixture fat liver brains later rubbed rough grained stones pulled stretched soft clothes winter robes tanned side worn hair inside warmth hair left robes bedding covers tepees tanned hides ten twenty hides cut sewn thread sinew tepee native american lore smoke flaps top tepee sewn woman happy women cross flaps hides draped poles tepees finished painted decorations smooth white surfaces tepees cut clothes moccasins smoked tops constant smoking waterproof meat hides important parts buffalo part animal wasted native americans tools buffalo bones fly swatters tails kettles stomachs glue boiling hoofs making bows arrows scrapers sled runners curved buffalo ribs bow strings thread sinew
remarked tommy write school tommy looked superior eyes kind school ancient kind school hundreds hundreds ago margie hurt don kind school ago read book shoulder anyway teacher sure teacher wasn regular teacher person person person teacher person told boys girls things gave homework asked questions person smart sure dad knows teacher teacher knows bet margie wasn prepared argue wouldn want strange person house teach tommy screamed laughter don margie teachers didn live house special building kids kids learned thing sure age mother says teacher adjusted fit mind boy girl teaches kid taught differently didn don don read book didn say didn margie quickly wanted read funny schools half finished margie mother called margie school
dark clouds mountains dropped torrents rain city hailstones bounced streets clogged sewers heavy mud oozed bare hills streets dirty rivers pulga standing ankles water stared room lived drain clogged water running room pulga grandmother sat bed sisters numb cold snuggled water room inches deep pulga soaked skin stood front door looking street mother died youngest sister born father stopped coming home consuelo oldest sister found job part town paid rent brought eat piece clothing grandmother living stayed rain let pulga marketplace center town spent trying earn pennies car watcher weather cars watched market sad sight wet bags baskets vegetables muddy paths stands women sat wares water dripping hats pulga ran car park let watch let watch shouted pushed going ordered pulga moved street full big trucks place busy drivers shouted laughed slapped shoulders walked coffee shops trucks
slowly slowly darkness valleys disappeared green hilltops hit rays rising sun mountains stood sharply lighted sky drove small villages appeared road hills produce town markets later gilimon pulga stopped small town bowl soup cup hot chocolate cloud black smoke truck started road pulga sat straight cab looked green known place re going asked cucuta didn tell pulga ask word cucuta meant matter sitting giant truck dirty wet room home hungry job pulga sat straighter breathed deeply raised head higher end driving mountains sunlight grew dimmer shadows settled hills dark trees bushes air blaze red yellow orange gilimon looked watch late don drive stretch dark robberies gilimon shifted gears slowly truck pulled steep lonely road trees fog rolled mountains swept patches road
babe legs began hurting season ignoring pain hit forty home runs playing season aging babe hit forty home runs batting average fall babe played tenth series game cubs hit famous home run fourth inning wrigley field chicago babe stepped batter box cub fans wanted upset babe threw tomatoes lemons babe smiled confidently tipped cap pointed deep center field babe telling cub fans players going hit home run pitcher threw plate let umpire call strike raised hand stuck finger yelled strike pitcher threw plate babe stepped held hand yelled strike pitch babe pointed center field cub fans players threw things babe called names babe smiled tipped cap pitcher threw fast ball babe swung hit ball sense told hit knew lived feel didn look ball hit center field bleachers spot pointed proudest moment baseball
autumn northern united states women knee deep ponds machines look giant eggbeaters blue water turns deep red machines water red berries cut vines pop surface soon millions thanksgiving dinner tables country bowls cranberry sauce pitchers cranberry juice cranberry harvest american apple pie fact american apple brought europe cranberries native north america early englanders called rubies bog wampanoag indidans cap cod jersey called cranberries ibimi means bitter berries indians picked cranberries found growing wild dyed blankets red juice special meat cakes berries pilgrims arrived massachusetts red berries wampanoag indians gave gifts pilgrims notice june plants tiny pale pink flowers close flowers looked heads cranes plymouth colonists called plant crane berry soon cranberry wasn cranberries favoirte massachusetts bay colony part thanksgiving feast colonists began picking fruit autumn preserves tarts pies sauces period king charles ii angry massachusetts colonists making money colonists london ship carried things ten barrels cranberries
sled loaded steve tied rope canvas cover knotted tightly checked ivory slabs sled runners sure loose sled strong graceful seal father arrived dogs leaping pulling leashes confusion black fox bumped ear lead dog ear turned younger dog snarling showing teeth steve grabbed ear leash held dogs hitched places steve father hooked ear place head line ready makpuk asked father ready boy answered taking place sled father call steve thought eskimo calls steve father walked quickly rear sled picked sled handles held tightly mush called mush mush dogs leaped ahead yelping excitement clinging handles father ran dogs quieted settled steady pace stepped sled runners ride areegah fine snow smooth hard dogs running easily ear tails waving backs village miles safely home nightfall steve riding load listened soft sound runners gliding snow breathing dogs padding flying feet growing chilly hunched shoulders drew head fur hood cold makpuk called father slowing team maybe jump run awhile
faster faster dogs ran wind stinging bitter cold snow fell heavy choking curtains whoa steve heard father shout saw father quickly dog steve watched father brush hands dog eyes clear frozen snow lift paw check iceballs toes sled moved slowly suddenly wind roared pitch ice grains sharp edged knives attacked small group ear stopped quickly throwing rest team confusion dogs started ahead ear curled tight ball snow minutes dog wound tightly furry tail covering nose eyes father cried steve quickly shelter father reached sled canvas pulled snow knife snow igloo father taught steve hurried fasten dogs sides sled father blur storm quick strokes father cut blocks frozen snow cut ends blocks slant set edge circle ring blocks rose alepah wind cold help father steve shouted storm fastened leash bring stove sleeping bags sled tea father called steve fought load father fitting block snow place top igloo
deciding category look yellow pages confusing categories listed product sold service provided looking product service try think category look look sample page yellow pages heel fixed look shoes repair find record album look records find category try think words meaning category looking examples find want think things sold computer found electronics special kind baseball bat found sporting goods ways yellow pages give help finding category yellow pages index list things looking pages find suppose want learn ski re sure yellow pages start looking looked index skiing find re boy look page stores sell ski clothes re girl look page rent equipment look page places rent skis find ski look resort names page look item yellow pages category look
barnes looked surprised grinned took fred government scientific guys cream coffee fred professor don call professor ages young say guess expected comic book scientist white beard met figure thing remarked barnes age bury dreary place couldn build pegasus island appleby pointed ideal spot yeah sure mind sell steel want special alloy starship sell business want try proxima centauri star appleby looked amused explained try climb mount everest took peary north pole columbus queen pawn jewels proxima cenauri re going barnes turned nolan fred nolan shrugged sell precision instruments raise flowers build starships sell instruments barnes friendly face looked puzzled waiter put coffee say pete barnes waiter tell pegasus expedition nope waiter replied dr appleby nodded answer barnes reverse columbus spirit haven
jed seen black horse scatter raglan days constant chasing finally run corral corral strong hold ordinary animal black horse crashed matchwood jed lame leg gave trouble going downhill glad reached valley ground level jed drank stream valley ate ripe raspberries hung stream money buy supplies bring wasn worried starving lived country mile valley black horse meadow stood head shade tree swishing flies tail quietly jed sank patch brush hours lost staring thinking animal biggest magnificient horse jed seen knew horses spent chores raglan stockmen hills earned ten dollars month dreams ambitions ten acres land mare living raising horses jed wanted days black horse jed rested horse rested horse moved days horse stayed mile small meadow seventh horse struck low hills jed gathered rope
friends asking put told didn want laughing grandpa excuses knew wasn grandpa afraid laugh bothered cheryl bringing friends grandpa school girls boys crowded porch gotten habit sitting afternoon grandpa smile gentle patiently answer questions tell stories brave indians ghosts animals kids listened silence thought grandpa finally school friends home stop re going indian bell view drive hank supposed friend brother seen times grandfather house grandpa sitting porch red shirt today wore fringed leather vest trimmed beads usual boots beaded moccasins feet course black hat seldom brushed feather beaded headband proudly straight tip brighter white hair lay silver strands red shirt collar stared friends heard say softly wow grandpa looked eyes met mine twinkled laughing inside nodded face hot
schedule help kind schedule class schedule help student telling classes met train schedule timetable help traveler tell arrival departure times trains trains coming going game schedule help basketball player list games season tell played program guide help tv viewer give information programs air evening obviously kinds schedules schedules alike give summary information help plan schedule tells happening tells things plan won worry missing special schedules easy read difficult try read schedule things find title tell schedule notice information arranged columns rows shown shown check key tell symbols mean schedule color color meaning tell kinds schedules pages examples schedules
vinnie fifteen parents decided move washington reams arrived took carriage rooming house stay rode slowly crowded pennsylvania avenue driver tall coming looked direction pointing president abraham lincoln tall wore shawl shoulders vinnie looked closely moved lines sadness imprinted face afterward vinnie looking sculptures paintings display rotunda capitol surprised saw missouri friend james rollins member congress rollins impressed vinnie knowledge appreciation sculpture spur moment asked meet friend clark mills mills top sculptor united states vinnie gasped rollins wouldn want bothered let studio rollins vinnie set studio found sculptor preparing clay told rollins vinnie longed sculptor mills tossed lump clay portrait asked jokingly taking word vinnie sat soon formed rough true likeness surprised show natural talent mills invited vinnie return studio student helper liked improved steadily
united states navy jet flew east atlantic ocean inside plane dolphins named bubbles rudy lay slings hung inside open wooden boxes occasionally animals sprayed water skins wet dolphins turned weight side bubbles rudy didn mind water fact happy slings bubbles rudy young male atlantic bottlenosed dolphins find live bomb fallen plane atlantic ocean coast spain hours plane landed airport spanish coast bubbles rudy carried plane slings put truck drive dock wasn smooth plane ride dolphins rocked gently slings dick hammond trainer sat sprayed water backs heads easy boys soon loaded boat bubbles rudy restless knew ocean trip soon finally boat slowed stopped okay let water dick called sling held bubbles carefully lifted side boat water dick help bubbles wiggle free rudy rudy minute dick
dolphins live twenty twenty vicki dolphin brookfield zoo illinois lived thirty age died dolphins friendly playful angry angry dolphins open shut mouths warning biting usual attacking show anger bobbing swinging heads side side trained dolphins wild dolphins born captivity dolphins captured afraid gentle patting rubbing animals helps calm technique calming newly caught dolphins trainers water dolphin feel comfortable trainer dolphins smarter easier teach dolphins slow learn stubborn playful quick learn move harder training programs dolphin punished wrong rewarded pat treat told dolphin learns trick remember trick dolphin act nearly ten able perform command dolphins enjoy learning tricks jobs games bored wild dolphin race boat body surf large waves roll shore
hotel porter added don worry sir henri pick guests dare ask guests alive bravely walked motorcycle chimpanzee looked coolly raised kicked starter revved engine expertly large hairy hand swung leg machine sat seat weight feet ready leap sign trouble henri looked straight ahead revved engine put arms waist hooked thumbs top pants think point began sweat henri looked revved strongly saw gap traffic kicked gear bare foot pulled curb tight turn put feet dr taylor heard godot call pulled road lifted feet rests found delight traveling smoothly avenue straight line unlike drivers cars side henri knew going red light stiffened true chimpanzees colorblind interesting finding henri slowed motorcyclist balance weaving slowly side side slow speed waiting light change finally
don coleman died heart attack eve party town hotel died hour excitement party mark turned mrs coleman say died seconds fifteen minutes past midnight insurance company says policy wasn anymore yes answered ten policy run bought ten ago thought funny husband joke home buying policy asked start policy told start fifteen minutes rang exact born forty ago kidding course write form joke mark policy worth hundred thousand dollars mrs coleman sadly mark shivered asked sure coleman died fifteen minutes past midnight heard big clock chime quarter hour died big clock asked mark big clock courthouse park hotel chimes fifteen minutes hear plainly hotel sure clock yes husband thing expensive things diamond watch party clock chiming look watch ten thirty
dreamed walking grandmother side end winter took sister seela walks rolling stretches tundra plain search kind grandmother strong wise knew big flocks white geese return land knew bright flowers burst turning plain sea color walks grandmother told things taught find mark path taught smell air test shifting breeze watch clouds warnings coming storm taught hunt animals patience care animals thinking fast hare run ask direction spoke proud beautiful blue wolves run free hunting pairs open plain seela asked sound wolf grandmother look listening tip head howl softly sounded exactly wolf dream hunger punik remembered awoke saw sun beginning rise slept dragged feet began walking head cleared saw footprints snow fresh human footprints punik eyes filled hope
mom explained talking aunt frieda left medical bag mom mom wanted study medicine younger chance father died bag left medical career look bag think maybe someday frieda teddy grown college medical school knew mom didn blame letting bag felt sick finding things began plan called ramona friend asked help ramona ready especially bit crazy sunday felt plan fine figured mall ramona arrived sure looking climbed box flashlight began look bag let tell fooling box full clothes spend school worse sign aunt frieda bag hurry frieda coming ramona shouted climbed box don tell arrived shows don want want rest hey frieda hiding teased todd
high windy roof tall building woman fighting free trying kill taller stronger woman slowly forced closer closer edge roof stories busy street suddenly woman lost footing pitched side twisting falling clawing caught roof ledge hands moment police officer appeared saved frightened young woman safe living rooms millions watched place tv smiled happily kitty neil stunt woman performed hair raising stunts movie fell hundred feet cliff river highest fall film woman kitty look idea stunt woman feet inches tall weighs hundred pounds speaking meet think speech problem voice pitch runs words actually kitty neil deaf kitty born corpus christi texas months caught measles mumps chicken pox kitty hearing destroyed kitty father died plane crash shortly birth mother left raise child decided daughter lead normal mrs neil university texas earn degree teaching learn teach child
edson father dondinho played soccer living brazil soccer players didn money edson family poor young boy edson watched father play loved game began play ball stuffed rags tied knots pele played team soon thought soccer thing wanted wanted follow father thought greatest player lived chance show brazil children leave school early pele left school fourth grade worked shoemaker didn playing soccer eleven pele met saw special valdemar de known soccer things coached junior team called baquinho wanted pele join team thirteen pele team star won junior championship row pele fifteen de took santos brazil try professional team santos coaches liked gave place live meals spending money pele happy starting pro career played game santos juniors june played game santos regulars september players team felt didn need worry fifteen
don realize unbeatable thought bound lose sooner later maybe today mind started seeking reasons excuses losing don control legs thought don want watching stands don starting line thing want run race scared runner scared deep inside want turn run fast race couldn deep inside want race chris stripped sweat suit coach hardy tapped shoulder chris stuff fitted starting blocks chris felt tingling feeling body nervous race actually pain pounding side jerked eyes half closed wrong whispered wrong coach hardy seeing eyes ran starting line moment gun sounded chris coach late chris fought lane lead suddenly legs loosened arms began swinging freely hit stride leaning biting wind rounded turn ann myerson heels opened yard lead passed turn track straightened chris grabbed side shooting pain returned gritted teeth tried body low ease ache
eduardo walked steps perlita didn want guys perlita okay wasn type eduardo guys liked school thing think going pay bus fare re nuts told smiled turning face told pay don want perlita laughed clear wasting saturday eduardo thing dragged perlita scraping metal taps heels sidewalk avenue turned bus stop backs dirt filled wind picked eduardo face beautiful nice warm museum perlita gave smiles friendliest girl neighborhood smiled easily frown bus eduardo turned face wind sudden pain hit eye needle eye hurt close eye tears ran left cheek perlita touched wet cheek eye eduardo heard bus grind rushing stop wind bus caught clothes door hissed huge snake perlita took hand step eduardo put foot step perlita took elbow step eduardo toe caught top step laid hand windshield didn fall watch kid bus driver don kill bus
twelve julilly friend liza escaping slavery mississippi plantation terrible experiences finally reached home jeb ella brown ohio river browns free black underground railroad organization women black white provide stopping places escaping slaves northern cities united stated canada small cabin jeb ella brown wide dark waters ohio river slept dog pal couldn rest black nose door smelled smell growing stronger rose bed jeb master tugged jeb sleeve jeb woke instantly trained trained pal ella softly touching wife slept trouble comin ella rose sound light candle room dark shades drawn quickly secret door tiptoed mats julilly liza slept julilly liza shook gently girls sat alarmed trying remember ella calmed putting hand pal smells comin whispered slave hunters julilly felt cold fear creeping making body stiff couldn move won catch reached ohio river liza whisper strong hide run swim river julilly liza look bitter fear
ten eleven twenty night march ronald adair murdered family mother sister ronald lived park lane ronald enemies bad habits adair liked play cards played lot afford belonged famous card clubs london dinner died played bridge murray sir john hardy colonel moran agreed game pretty adair lost money plenty money small loss didn matter week colonel moran won hundred twenty pounds afternoon evening adair death servent heard home ten clock front room floor sound room eleven twenty mother sister visiting relative stopped ronald room say night door locked knocked called answer mrs adair help broke door open ronald adair lay table bullet head gun room table lay neat piles money sheet paper paper names friends numbers looked young adair figuring card winnings knows door locked adair killer locked door gotten open window
funny think hard putting blue jeans thing color don color put place order dye cloth dip color bath denim dyed woven cloth called yarn dyeing yarn threads cotton twisted heavy piece piece dipped dye fifty seconds twenty put lifted air half minutes takes big machine process called oxidizing known skying color wouldn interesting important things dyeing blue jeans air blue dye indigo plant found india indigo blue chemically germany company germany makes company makes allied chemical united states companies give mills dye blue jeans business soon allied chemical stopped making blue jeans fashion allied couldn dye today
cases bread sliced filled cold meats cheeses things lettuce tomatoes sliced onions topped salad oil spices cook wild threw kitchen sink sandwich meal idea started italians city naples italy exact sandwich called bagnatello imbotito means small filled tub united states giant sandwiches known beginning century didn liked war ii re found land today dozens kinds giant sandwiches offered sandwich shops big loaves bread filled roast beef ham egg salad seen huge sandwiches peanut butter jelly kind exactly folks naples mind york stores giant giant sandwiches foot overstuffed sandwich covers table feed crowd thirty call giant sandwich answer depends live call submarine boston massachusetts st paul minnesota detroit michigan columbus ohio call grinder hartford connecticut des moines iowa san francisco california akron ohio cleveland ohio call hoagie cincinnati ohio pittsburgh pennsylvania philadelphia pennsylvania call poor boy orleans louisiana mobile alabama houston texas memphis tennessee
bought sold precious stones riding stopped look pile stones spotted stone block jade house asked talk head family surprised young woman talked bargained finally agreed pay high price pile stones jade stones promising return days money left night young wife thought lot matter decided wanted buy pile stones father law told invite dealer dinner told family talk dinner knew precious stones wanted ask tell stone ate talked young head family listened curtain learned needed pile stones found brought house put dealer returned seeing precious jade longer knew found look young head family bargained sell jade buy pile building stones agreed farmer family proud business
frightened hurried camp tent damaged food sick fear began preparing darkness sure bring gathered plenty dry wood roaring fire going decided turns standing watch fire burning times carry plans gathering wood fire noises side camp bears yelled ran bears paid attention coming making low growls loud popping noises teeth tried think drive animals bears sat looked paced swinging heads side side stopped growling finally bears mean business safe place lake grabbed sleeping bags food warm clothes threw boats shoved tying boats dropped anchor settled miserable night crowded twelve foot boats tired slept thing awake sound bears pawing belongings hour daylight storm passed soaked skin shaking cold ashore bears bears
rained morning shortly daybreak started fire looking closely camp saw bears destroyed pointed left bears wreck food camp luckily canned hams stored underwater edge lake safe side decided eat hot meal minded ill loss sleep fear cold hungry wind blew hard wednesday clouds thick overhead soon gave hoping plane fly rescue took boats early night wanted bears thursday repeat pancake flour bacon supper boats moved lake bears arrived camp dark wind night party quarter mile hear growling bears pawing wreckage camp animals night huge storm clock morning thunder crashed lightning sky bright heavy rain poured soaking minutes wind strong lake boats turning
miracle began lone young voice yelling want gordie sitting took cry grew wave sound swept stands maybe fans thought rogers pinch think game wanted girl wish gordie play stadium soon filled cry want gordie hank searcy left dugout rogers talked jerked thumb gordie stood hank sharp manager played rules didn order gordie game cries stands knew rogers bad wanted knew guard plate pitcher honest wanted timer clutch crowd believed giving roared louder gordie moved plate waited pitches iceberg cool hit think slider hung inside spot liked anyway hit forget sound beautiful hard crack bat met ball round white bullet ball sailed left fielder head hit fence saw bard runner pound home tying run watching gordie rounded wonderful stride saw going clean double racing didn slow glanced left fielder taking ball fence
mike scared told ago night longer rain beat shed scared sat humped corner lou sampson lay inside sleeping bag corner rain dripping holes roof shed feeling mike asked lou spoke coldly wish dry maybe pushups find pretty soon mike didn believe saying wanted lou feel didn guy lou sick won find lou don cross creek mike sat creek roared looked shed water boiled thirty foot wide gulch muddy water lapped bank ten feet shed bank dashed trunks pine trees getting higher look mike say lou don say mike face maybe rain stop trying sound sure maybe united states marines hill ten minutes lou mike laughed joke dumb separated minerals bet spenser kill won yeah mike sat backpack thinking thought troubles
dark mike half tongs broken rain beating harder drums wooden roof ropes mike tie tie end hook mike took rope rusted hook end rain pretty figured whirl hook head sling creek hook swing line young pine picked line turns tree trunk hook catch trunk set didn line snarled hook fell water halfway problems pulling hook hung rocks took loose throw reached bank pine fourth sixth throws missed gave walked shed gathering darkness told lou bushed rest arm told wouldn listen mike shut mouth let think think lou coughed feel rotten pneumonia feels yeah mike yeah need weight end line pieces metal big ax head corner lou
months marriage grandparents restaurant bully began insult grandfather looked weak pretty wife insulting things hey wet chicken home place weakling grandfather wanted leave place grandmother finished meal grandmother refused leave eating looked happened tired yelling insults bully table moved grandparent table grabbed grandfather chopsticks grandmother quickly took chopsticks hit cheek elbow blow quick powerful tripped fell floor finishing bully street fighter grandmother left blow soon kicked table granddmother food drink flew place grandmother kicked chin kick swift grandfather didn saw tumble backward drop floor surprised owner restaurant delighted bully black belts village ate left paying meal owner afraid stop friends tried bring crowded grandmother asked taught karate husband
eat mother closing eyes spooned oatmeal mouth gagged eat mom single bite alvin dickenson stay cooped room gulped oatmeal kitchen door mother fast want re home school project mom honest mother hands hips raised eyebrow kind project miss crowder told choose famous write person pick re working teams team kid explain working banjo held ferguson hale byler mother dream fit companion boy hurry late home supper alvin okay mom reached byler house yelled home banjo door squeaked open banjo socks shoes jeans shirt trademark banjo thing carried school hung hunk rope nail famous person monday banjo winked let headed asked spar mine heard place seen banjo punched arm jake horse stopped dead re kidding
broken leg playing singing chance getting hole fell wanted cry stillness laugh banjo re guy stopped alvin comes expect die singing felt afraid going hush ordered re fixing sing going play banjo saw hand pat banjo climb try smartest thing mean sing hear sang belted turkey straw working railroad noise bounced inside dark silo sounded dozen notes shy united states army band finally knocked moon shines tonight pretty red wind noise silence scary suddenly heard noise reached banjo listened carefully banjo recognized tune pretty red wing ferguson byler moved hands ready faraway music stopped filled banjo left copied phrase heard repeating stopped banjo struck fresh signal coming closer looked circle blue sky fifty feet hat head dark shape moved spoke
maggie charge hiring chose women started working maggie encouraged save part pay week idea eventually women business started promise soon woman saved fifty dollars maggie arrange bank lend person amount needed payment shop training course college course thirty maggie worked st luke membership grew thousand hundred thousand large number women helped buy homes businesses maggie figured st luke helped hundred black families homeowners maggie helped children knew younger started saving money easier save grew knew children worked hard taking odd jobs soon able opened st luke penny savings bank accept deposit matter small maggie didn stop schools explained children savings account told exciting stories successful business gotten start saving dollars week soon twenty thousand black children accounts penny bank maggie continued education received master degree business administration virginia union university nearly sixty
arnie looked empty spaceship felt week father died tried think couldn believe beginning father earth leading scientists strong ship hold blows meteorites small asteroids arnie allowed trip father wonderful thing heart highly dangerous asteroid belt jupiter ship struck times real damage ship wrecked landed largest asteroids found kind metal tested ship power plant metal proved highly heat resistant father looking metal thousand earth suddenly wrong ship hit meteorite father check damage gotten caught lifeline held ship trying free cut lifeline unable ship died arnie feel tears eyes father close success looked small bag samples rock forgotten father started return trip earth rocks handed company
voice telephone sounded upset called police asked alice atkins detective alice atkins detective atkins knew william fiore social worker county helped find apartment friends detective atkins remembered bill apartment wasted getting pushing button door building heard bill voice intercom gave moments later hurrying hall apartment bill fiore stood door waiting greet aged seen ago looked sixties knew seventy hello bill smiling matter robbery yes looking puzzled think robbed think don asked shook head slowly daughter gave hundred dollars birthday present trip florida hundred dollar bills re missing bill tried explain sounds foolish happened daughter gave bills sunday today tuesday planning leave florida tomorrow didn bother deposit cash bank hid bills thought safe place told alice settled sofa think case breaking entering building safe
inventions hours times bit luck case elias howe invented sewing machine worked trouble thing couldn thread feed needle machine night howe dream chased spears held spears point ground ran moved spears howe noticed odd spears eyehole needle hole bottom point spear howe woke hurried workshop needle eye point worked charles goodyear studied worked rubber discovery known purely accident rubber comes trees sticky goodyear trying find rubber sticky accident spilled rubber sulphur hot stove surprised saw heat rubber firm making stiff accident goodyear able sheet rubber sticky today sheet rubber things rubber gloves hotwater bottles rubber bands tires thousands goods goodyear ordinary discovered ways easier
nathaniel kimberly california join uncle seth wilds canada nathaniel spent summer uncle knew living outdoors kimberly uncle seth picked airport nathaniel kimberly told coming rented canoe trying reach cabin river planned avoid dangerous burnt hill rapids going foot carrying canoe night start kimberly caught foot rocks longer walk level kimberly dangerous kimberly ankle turned ugly purple badly swollen nathaniel carefully putting bandage found aid kit hope broken torn twisted break tell wasn talking kimberly talking trip rapids looked pretty rough don think choice maybe walk kimberly half rose putting weight bad ankle pain sink maybe couldn couldn tried real damage ankle tried kid worry shook head going laugh clown laugh bit things dangerous tell re dangerous
class fires include grease oil fires caused careless handling things cooking grease motor oil paints gasoline begin kitchen places things stored add rules list things remember heat low cooking grease grease begins smoke turn heat let grease cool store cleaning rags paint cans cans gasoline open places air flows freely sure paint gas cans tightly sealed flames nearby things suddenly break flames stored correctly think water put fires water fires fact put kinds fire paper cloth wood fires put water water electrical fires foam powder fire extinguisher smother flames electric power source shut water poured grease fire spread flames grease fires need smothered kitchen things fire extinguishers baking soda salt poured flames grease fire put put burning grease put lid pan fires need air burn covering grease fires helps smother
woman parachute jump airplane georgia tiny thompson broadwick pleased crowds air shows fairs age fifteen jumped hotair balloons heights feet float ground parachutes red white blue tiny paid act times week june tiny woman parachute jump airplane sitting platform hung wing waited pilot brought plane griffith park los let floated smoothly air fine stand landing cheers waiting crowd later army interested giving pilots parachutes wear backs tiny paid test equipment september jumps ripcord connected airplane usual jump cord tangled landing plane fix tiny cut cord loose held ends dived fell head earth planned free fall jump person opened chute pulling ripcord hands landing feet army general watching tiny stopped jumping working airplanes finally retired age seventy
training takes months dogs learn obey simple commands heel sit stay receive sound awareness training teaches listen react sounds sound awareness training depends needs dog owner want dogs asked important sounds want dog warn sounds alarm clock doorbell smoke alarm baby cry door knocks telephone whistle kettle stove deaf want dog wake alarm clock rings dog learn lie bed trainer lies bed alarm goes trainer calls dog jump bed trainer pets praises dog repeated dog idea alarm rings want dog warn ringing telephone train dog phone ring rings trainer calls dog praise petting trainer leads dog telephone dog soon learns telephone rings touch owner lead owner telephone training dog tell owner doorbell rings harder jobs dogs run door bell rings training rings bell dog called trainer
rebecca abigail bates september began evening teen age sisters lighthouse home shared large family earned place history known friends becky nabby girls daughters captain simeon bates captain bates lighthouse keeper scituate massachusetts village coast south boston captain bates duty light burning tower scituate lighthouse scituate harbor busy important dark stormy nights ships sea able find lighthouse helped steer course safety harbor bates family lived cottage joined lighthouse low shed point land mouth scituate harbor becky saw british warship hogue seeing big ship becky frightened war begun america britain june settled becky remembered months ago british ship ordered town give fresh meat vegetables scituate refused help enemy soldiers finally british ship boats harbor angry enemy soldiers burned ten american boats warned tried fight town destroyed becky wondered ship act knew ships town dock loaded american flour ships thought attacked soldiers hogue
marcella rubbed forehead mother cassy learn house phone numbers soon memorize wished bobby knew bobby color house purple giggled purple marcella tried imagine purple house re teasing bobby color wall green giggled answer quickly tell truth color house red brick white wood stone close eyes remember walls look bobby quiet frightened marcella phone bobby phone banged stared driving rain early afternoon storm clouds sky dark night brick bobby finally shouted ear brick wet marcella gasped storm look careful looked kitchen clue ask saw loaf bread bright red letters wrapping remembered game played cassy reading letters bobby read answered sadly say abc launched immediately abc marcella waited finish read letters uh huh bobby room kitchen box cereal phone look room box don leave phone pause box cereal
morning winter snowstorm joe miller pulled parking lot richland diner saw cars snowmobiles winter small town maine joe snowmobiles diner joe saw friend gus morris gus game warden sure hunters hunting laws watched poachers kill animals permit sell meat furs joe sat gus gus asked gus frowned poisoning animals joe found dead black bear sunday poachers asked joe think gus leave salt blocks woods animals love salt salt kills animal eats deer moose fox bear leads joe asked gus shook head thing lookout ok let sure gus joe want help joe left diner climbed snowmobile turned handlebars point skis gunned throttle rear tracks moved machine joe headed shop woodworker snowmobile glided smooth road joe thought poachers hoped gus catch selling skins poisoned animals rotten money joe thinking poachers crossed bridge snow covered owl creek glanced suddenly stopped creek tracks snowmobile strange joe thought
large crowds flock kinds music shows today biggest concerts held hundred ago concert took place boston massachusetts june called national peace jubilee mark end war states paid performed amazing jubilee planned pat gilmore born ireland united states later leading england known band early gilmore staged big show took place south show singing school children army band add sound church bells rung cannons fired gilmore warming concert gilmore returned home boston began dream leading greatest concert seen wife thought plan city leaders thought thing pat gilmore press side reporters liked knew give story began write gilmore plans gilmore rounds city asking money performers break march leading merchant thought big concert store business began give money knew paid sales seats jubilee pat gilmore big show
virgil heard father talking family thing money land going virgil felt father declared going run maryland going freedom virgil heard sat bed pa mean asked virgil mother asleep jim clayton sat virgil talk ears son heard vow secret pa virgil agreed secret freedom going freedom north canada jim clayton moses coming lead virgil heard moses black slaves john land knew moses slave escaped north free moses believed slaves free returning maryland lead slaves freedom slave owners afraid moses workers put price head caught moses moses send signal jim clayton freedom coming sleep virgil secret wait signal virgil couldn sleep heard father say ready lucy lena virgil ready run signal comes
don want jan don want pool randy jan mother effort friends randy part family look jan don hate randy don spend paused going eva home supper didn want look mother face headed door eva house jan thought problems problem mother married wasn jan tina mom anymore jan tina tom randy kristy problem expected sister randy kristy wasn sister known ago problem kristy ok kid randy twelve younger jan deaf suddenly jan expected pal boy couldn talk wasn randy didn try communicate nearby school deaf learning speak read lips speech hard understand trouble lip reading jan tried speak slowly randy didn understand signs problem randy talk quickly hands jan couldn understand sign language embarrassed randy talked public remembered shopping mall randy seen friend school
cold anna decided paint porch lugged paint pried lid stirred paint read paint air damp anna sighed jammed lid paint wasted read directions started anna read directions try read directions learn play board game bake bread toolbox read carefully directions help don follow correctly follow directions read fact read times read find things need read picture read completely understand step read directions find need re going play game directions tell playing pieces need re going toolbox directions tell tools hammer saw directions page tell paint room need prepare room painting read step remove doorknobs switchplates need tool screwdriver read step cover floor read step household cleaner water need think pail sponge need step read steps find need paint walls
end week allison talked dad paying trailer money earned home bought riding outfit thrift store mind set horse show days fair found lida pratt entering show beautiful bay thoroughbred asked allison love backyard horse fair love beautiful white mare allison replied kidding stains rolling field ethan don worry give bath allison won jon older brother allison beautiful allison soaped hosed love love looked yellow white don bleach asked crazy allison shrieked burn skin paused guess put bluing phillip grandmother makes white hair look silver gray allison explained ask mom tomorrow getting haircut antonio shop home school friday mom handed allison bottle bluing antonio says read directions ethan crops grange help allison turn stew ran barn allison took love stall put bluing clean stall mad mucking quit decided phillip house remembered stew dashed home turned stove allison sobbing
george carried bamboo pole loop rope end loop big fit gator mouth linda watched george edged sleeping alligator closer closer moved step leaning forward slightly moved bamboo pole gator snout suddenly trash masher eyes blinked open surprising speed gator rose feet flipped mighty tail turned face rangers opened mouth wide hissed george looking straight gator pink throat trash masher bellowed charged george quickly pushed bamboo pole gator bite trash masher jaws snapped pole half toothpick shoot george yelled linda backed quickly angry gator linda fired tranquilizer gun aim dart glanced trash masher reload trash masher moving rapidly linda dropped gun rangers scrambled closest tree angry dog trash masher circled tree yellow eyes watched rangers hissed bellowed linda asked george shifted weight tree branch sit tight soon forget nap trash masher forget hour alligator lay shadow tree staring rangers giving george maybe give eat try don feed don empty linda moaned george thought pulled watch threw muddy bank yards
carol watched miss sanchez handing papers heart thumping miss sanchez say maybe mad asked students truthful carol ramirez miss sanchez slid paper carol desk interesting short list essay carol bent head hair swung face hair hide corner paper didn care asked asked didn care read written written told miss sanchez chain link connected mean unhappy unhappy fat fat eat junk eat junk bored bored friends things friends mean chain beginning end miss sanchez wouldn understand miss sanchez written bottom paper circle things words carol turned paper face desk candy bars purse slid hand feel eat mind bell ring soon free eat bars stop barn donut feel
roger seen boot prints big belong father anyway father frightening thought entered roger mind rushed yard trouble trouble called yard empty lovable big yellow dog greet roger fence roger dashed house maybe mother left trouble inside unlocked door quick search roger knew trouble wasn house ran driveway heart pounding snow tire tracks piece raw meat roger balled fists frightening thought real shake past weeks dog thieves nearby towns stole popular breeds dogs sold cities roger suspected thieves tracks snow told story thieves driven house offered trouble meat gotten truck driven trouble stolen thieves roger tire tracks led fisk road busy street ran side house tracks turned fisk road dead end road walked steps road roger stopped felt hopeful scared parked patch trees road van motor running heavy standing nervously doors heading thompson house carrying sack bone
spring partner fred prospecting gold north stumbled rock kind gold pounded rock sunset finished breaking samples mighty exciting light left gold knew stake claim night didn beat fred left pace claim cut post mark corner choice trees post strong poplar skinny birch bigger arm birch faster easier cut decided poplar swung ax soon chopped tree feet ground post squaring top felt tap shoulder thought fred coming swung ax hand black bear tall sitting haunches staring surprised stared disbelief known bear thing panicked tap gentle heard bear hit nose tenderest spot bear let fellow nose ax misjudged bear
gene treva scientists study caves department missouri job explore caves public land seen caves missouri caves caves gene treva helps care caves helps explore caves fun gardners find caves dangerous fill quickly water storms caves ready fall gardners judgment dangerous caves closed getting hurt gardners prepare trip underground wear coveralls boots helmets cave opening begin unpacking gear heavy backpacks strap safety lights caving ready comments gene gene treva step inside cave completely dark opening gene shines light carefully gardners found skunk front room cave snakes animals visit caves gene remembers scary happened cave caving friend night says gene treva walked heard tell stop bothering treva explains gene mountain lion noises shows big cats put feet softly pfft pfft rrough heard noise heard didn gene real mountain lion fast says gene
ernie otero thought knew danger flying central american country honduras flew jungles storms high winds brewing landed runways muddy ruts open fields flew small towns coast trips hospital ahuas carrying ill injured didn worry danger part chosen otero woke morning squawking radio otero voice radar going fly today otero agreed fly al rader tiny twibila rader studying village try otero heavy rain rader otero puerto lempira ten morning meet otero switched radio expected impossible otero ate quickly hut walked single engine plane checked machine carefully climbed aboard strapped cockpit engine turned noisily large fan starting otero bumped dirt runway pulled hard yoke plane steering wheel soon plane lifted nosed jungle otero feet patuca river east thick forest broken swamps
tough hardworking fearless tireless words describe pioneer settler land pioneer pioneers scientist writer explorer painter spacecraft spacecraft true spacecraft pioneer pioneer things saw things seen led outer planets solar system pioneer launched march goal giant outer planet jupiter reach goal small spacecraft travel million miles space pioneer fastest spacecraft launched spun space amazing miles hour jet plane fly fast flash coast coast united states ten minutes ninety days launch pioneer spacecraft pass orbit mars need reach jupiter danger scientists wondered spacecraft asteroid belt asteroids tiny planets orbit sun orbits mars jupiter asteroids cover band space million miles wide scientists knew bigger asteroids pioneer asteroids size pebbles knock spacecraft scientists waited hoped pioneer entered asteroid belt early months later left belt harmed
arriving ellis island tired travelers walked lines huge building passed record set april immigrants walked halls ellis island loud confusion halls immigrants walked upstairs carried bundles bags small children tension hundreds waited inspections begin seen doctors looked signs health problems inspectors asked twenty questions questioning took minutes asked kind course immigrant asked say inspector gave immigrant walked shlomo ladinia leave ellis island solomon london immigrants held inspector unable support united states immigrants question inspector decision millions ellis island percent native homes inspections completed immigrants traveled homes boarded ferry york city soon greeted family friends going york boarded ferries railroad stations happened immigrants settled united states hard cities lived cramped housing worked hours low pay found jobs construction factories mills mines
big game windup match chester high chester thirty miles fielded top notch team fact chester league championship row figured stop pitcher change red murphy guy big curve ball red needed run depend tommy finally chance win championship say finally nineteen hegersville won league title tommy father high school slugged team glory game chester game season won lost record chance win league title playing team loved beat tommy house night game walked town tomorrow night place going jumping headed main street asked going victory celebration dad told won title team paraded main street open top cars school band marched lined streets cheered sitting car don dad mayor dad hit won game told dinner tonight going thing town geared parade
orphanage high carolina mountains autumn troublesome writing wanted mountain air blow sickness gotten staying subtropics homesick turning maples october corn shocks pumpkins black walnut trees found cabin belonged orphanage took cabin half mile orphanage farm asked chop wood late afternoon looked startled typewriter boy stood door pointer dog companion side barked warn boy twelve undersized wore overalls torn shirt barefoot chop wood today re small size matter chopping wood big boys don chop wood chopping wood orphanage ax began chop blows rhythmic steady shortly forgotten sound interruption constant rain suppose hour half passed heard boy steps cabin stoop sun dropping farthest mountain valleys purple deeper asters supper tomorrow pay thinking insist older boy
moment george sat frozen fear dog george feet running looking open dark empty window grabbed arm stopping midstride spinning professor werner late date talk elevator wait george begged trying pull arm free professor ordered yanking door wait george professor pulled room locked door word werner dragged george elevator shoved pushed button lobby elevator began sink george understood size thing picture beautiful dog sailing darkness feel dreadful fall windows dog fall past lights dark pavement wet rain slowly george realized professor talking going dig faraway cave kurdistan turkey find gold artifacts find clues missing chapters history civilization george couldn listen professor couldn pay attention george think dog ball mouth leaping happily room think huge soft eyes asking george throw ball dirty trick pulled dog professor talking talking rough kurdistan dangerous explore cave deep hole floor thousand feet deep
warren bacon makes living tricks air high feet ground circus aerialist bacon goes knowing tiniest mistake mean bad injury death partner bacon danger kinds fear says bacon kind fear makes performer unable move kind healthy respect dangers kind fear home air age sixteen bacon expert gymnast working master degree biology florida university took studies coach gymnastics team met adrian catarzi circus performer member family bareback riders known catarzi told bacon try gymnastic skills air taught bacon art flying throwing swing trapeze caught partner hanging months catarzi coached bacon hours trapeze bacon master degree decided trade lab coat leotards circus moved flying act performed tiny towns county fairs country performed ringling brothers circus bacon circus performers takes skills dangers skills granted circus chance meet towners shows
wait minute dry hands hot stove believe look president rolling scones mean presidents discover kitchen tell let stir soup tell happened frankie flake friend mine started thing dark ago signaled meet class listen need help badly breathed stood front locker told mrs chisholm lives help dinner party tonight mind cook kitchen home let tell coming family twelve drawbacks want asked frankie called mrs chisholm morning asked bring help asked re friend frankie muttered cooking kitchens food eating yes cooking arrived chisholms house clock start making radish flowers frankie mrs chisholm tossing bunches radishes counter dining room expalin wanted table set ducked kitchen silverware poor frankie bent counter lots funny looking objects front saw radishes dirty untrimmed stuck toothpicks bottoms
weather august pleasant clouds sky person miles hard berclaz heritier think northeast face badile enemy berclaz heritier spent night hut halfway mountain hoped reach top badile hour sundown started easier swifter route fine weather easily left early morning berclaz heritier reached bottom badile northeast wall decided leave equipment weather things needed climb ropes hammers pitons pitons large nails eyes climber hammers rock tie rope carabiners snaps join climbing rope eye piton wore lined parka carried small rucksack rucksacks held dry food fruit extra clothes berclaz heritier climbed belaying means climbed waited tied rope rope fastened pitons climbed length rope found place stop signaled friend climbed climber waited start rope
tired want walk birches want leaves turn autumn smoke rise lodge houses feel blue winds want hear drums want hear drums feel blue whispering winds train wailing night trains mountains easy catch freight decide leave school home winter holidays find fellow headed albuquerque talk road talk hard ride fruit cars wait cattle car going middle west ride decide catch train walk tops find cattle car inside crouch forward wall huddle try sleep feel peaceful content going home cattle car rocks sleep days trains later reach woodruff midnight suddenly afraid twenty miles home afraid family say afraid looked stranger sit fire think young indians don fit things clear school worry opinion ideas easy think looking dancing flames morning spend cleaning buying presents family left money
houses village simple box houses etched black night windows soft lamplight falls snow village sight proud ashamed ashamed dreams beautiful white snow tall pine father brother sister seated table walk father stares moment arms give presents brought throat tightens watch sister carefully save bits red string packages hide feelings wrestling brother strikes shoulder token affection father looks questions tells lodge follow walk trail lodge watching northern lights forming heavens clean snow creaks beneath feet soft wind sighs trees singing say happy home free friends friends trees snow lights follow trail lodge feet light heart sing music hold head high white snowfields blue winds dancing lodge door stop afraid wonder remember stand door look northern lights
climbed pedestal tina looked saw danny approaching looked band sheepskin neck joined pedestal danny took sheepskin neck began explain mechanic mechanic tina found wide leather belt lined inside sheepskin attached wires sliding pulleys horizontal guy wire flying rig wires spliced rope ground ben stood danny attached mechanic tina waist told flying bird easy falling important part stunt today re going learn fall net looks nice soft safe hit net instant begin fall start rotating firm grip bar pull close toes say swing say turn loose fall don afraid mechanic slow fall rotate ready tina moving forward heard danny released grip began fall knew glow sunshine canvas fixed eyes tent poles tried repress terrible fear miss net land ground
reading lot peaceful fly balloon accounts believing drift gently countryside count cows wasn going pass bright fall morning headed wallkill york lovely spot foot catskills learn fine art ballooning william hughes navy helicopter pilot fallen love ballooning teach weeks master ground school put hours flying hours minimum required solo taking crash course ballooning say liked sound kobelt airport small private field took look lighter air craft large brightly colored balloon rolled gray bag uninflated balloon weighed hundred fifty pounds rolled nylon fabric seventy feet inflated balloon swell fifty feet diameter thin cables connected balloon fiberglass aluminum gondola carried balloon passengers hughes handed materials need ground school protractor plotting courses aeronautical sectional map york hand computer thick paperback book called private pilot handbook book filled graphs weather maps sentences possibly understood look interesting sentence icg ocnl mdt icgic frzg lvl lwrg sfc bhnd lo cntr late afternoon wind hughes dragged gasoline run fan truck hooking balloon flicked switch cold air rushed balloon
mountain climbing tough reach high places easier quicker ride straight balloon ballooning oldest kind air travel ride balloon hundred ago balloon filled hot air rose hundred feet stayed twenty minutes ride provided explore upper parts atmosphere british james glaisher harry tracy coxwell decided balloon investigate air thousands feet sea level didn survive tell experience purpose trip scientific ascended collect air samples measure temperature took pigeons examine pigeons fly altitudes glaisher coxwell trip answer question unasked survive afternoon september glaisher coxwell stepped open basket balloon spirits sky overcast air mild fifty degrees fahrenheit balloon contained gas lighter air sandbags balloon ascending rapidly wanted balloon rise coxwell dumped sand overboard glaisher read instruments determine speed broke clouds eleven thousand feet sky dark blue tops clouds field white cotton temperature dropping rose coxwell began feel lack oxygen getting harder harder dump sand overboard
deep thought teacher walked slowly entrance hall mammals peering doorway opossum koala perched innocently stands suddenly remembered albemarle told waving hand impatiently strang albemarle announced mask disappeared assumption hidden floor searched found obvious assumption incorrect mask look strang ms talbot clock mask hours museum opened students ten fifteen left floor morning strang turned bradley grier stairs earlier bradley encountered museum employee leather apron remember top bottom museum collecting animals cleaning bradley replied top bottom repeated strang top floor museum worker left suggest albemarle collecting animals elevator basement repairs worker ernie frye actually floor albemarle replied waited inside elevator ms talbot brought items cleaned send let feather headdress llama hair robe
cargo trip seventeen hundred barrels alcohol shipped italian company genoa early november mary celeste drawn pier york hint mary celeste soon center sea famous mysteries court gibraltar found situation baffling obviously experienced captain abandon ship reason reason mary celeste sound deveau crew sailed hundred miles deveau crew dei gratia told court knew mary celeste examined experts turned deveau observed reported mid march salvage court awarded master crew dei gratia sum money equal mary celeste cargo mary celeste captain crew sailed genoa mystery solved word ten sailed aboard mary celeste explanation ship abandoned theories happened chief investigator gibraltar solly flood decided violence aboard mary celeste suspect crew dei gratia theory proved ridiculous reasons ships hundreds miles late november captain morehouse excellent reputation piracy wouldn motive profit small offset risk
months crew spotted surov making lone landscape careful avoid learned commander krasnin forced owing shortage crew relax safety rules couldn find surov dreamed commander equally dark told feeling krasnin emergency call trouble send help lost replied ship recall signal conferred quickly radio decided procedures search parties ships henderson decided sense backtrack route seen surov route regarded territory distance surov ship scrambled low foothills dawned russian wanted colleagues imagine henderson found yelled help suit radio late surov lying face deflated suit kneeling smashed plastic globe helmet fallen forward died instantly commander krasnin reached staring unbelievable object surov studying died feet high leathery green oval rooted rocks
understood sat trickle water frantically scooped handfuls wet mud plastered body fireball burst high branches flame crashing earthward felt scorching heat landed frantically threw water grabbing matthew covered body lay shuddering beneath slime ignite amid nightmare searing heat smoke felt sinking blackness regained consciousness tamara found lying unfamiliar bed swathed bandages struggled sit waves pain shot moment matthew appeared doorway room tamara awake shouted rushed side tamara suddenly room fill matthew mother doctor captain roberts matthew let tamara rest mother steered doorway turned smiled warmly tamara want tamara call doctor recommended rest quietly disappeared leaving captain roberts saved matthew tamara captain roberts horse returned millie remembered mentioned matthew started searching immediately found fire past tamara continued thank courageous woman words stirred recalled mother similar didn save matthew captain roberts wanting understand truth
judo sport balance timing defeat opponents based weaponless fighting slowly evolved thousands ago orient japan fighting called jujitsu means gentle art grew simple form wrestling practiced china early historians believe end ming dynasty china chinese wrestling spread japan course japanese improved art making faster scientific jujitsu plain hand hand fighting nonresistance jujitsu resist opponents pushed opponents leaned forward lost balance easier thrown japan earlilest form jujitsu warriors called samurai allowed study art began study jujitsu mid jujitsu schools japan secret techniques competition schools intense trying prove methods jujitsu longer gentle art implied young japanese named jigoro kano decided art modernized young boy kano small strong bigger boys bullied jigoro kano eighteen interested jujitsu searched teacher found japan later teachers learned things
james gamble wealthy soap manufacturer regular customers listening mrs bethune talk needs black high aims school plans brick hall science laboratory library place school community lovely site shore agreed trustee daytona educational industrial training school shortly visited mrs bethune shack dumping grounds sea school want trustee inquired confessed school mind asking trustee dream trustee hope heart gamble accepted trusteeship dream helped bring fulfillment interested helping thomas white millionaire sewing machine manufacturer contributed money classroom buildings dormitories mrs bethune full high school curriculum operation daytona curricula black florida later development grade schools black children florida mrs bethune dropped lower grades school added college training effort offer manual training workshops programs attract students daytona mrs bethune joined school cookman institute jacksonville merger brought bethune cookman college mrs bethune president mrs bethune stop education young opened school library cared offered adult education classes prepare black qualify vote
lewis sweet tramped rock strewn snowy beach crane island companions bitterly cold tuesday morning january friends planning spend lightproof shanties fishing ice crane island winter fish grounds lay open ice lake michigan mile shore reached fishing area lew waved friends headed shanty kindle fire dry cedar tiny stove sit dangle wooden decoy clear green water beneath ice hope luring prowling trout lucky catch fish midafternoon drive home supper fishing slow morning close noon trout slid sight hole lew fishing catching trout lew noticed wind rising air full snow turning blustery watch ice lew thought break loose shore adrift wind blowing west didn change direction danger hour lew trout friends stopped re goin lew hailed wind haulin east look lew stuck head door shanty squinted skyward studying weather spell guess responded ice hold blows harder want fish
night hunger noni thought dog lived drifting ice floe breakup noni lost sled food fur knife saved nimuk beloved husky marooned ice eyed warily keeping distance noni love nimuk real real hunger frigid nights gnawing pain injured leg village kill dogs food scarce don thinking reasoned noni nimuk hungry seek food kill dog bare hands nimuk powerful weapon removing mittens unstrapped brace leg hurt leg weeks brace bits leather thin strips iron kneeling stuck iron strips crack ice began rub firm slow strokes nimuk watched intently noni dog eyes glowed brightly night approached noni worked trying remember iron strip ice edge finally begun shape daylight found noni task completed noni pulled finished knife ice sun glare reflected knife stabbed eyes momentarily blinded noni body tensed prepared attack dog nimuk called softly dog watched suspiciously noni coaxed
racers passed plodded called encouragingly re feel realized accepted fellow musher crowds wonderful spectators bobbed trees mounds snow crossings trail intersections cheered letting wanted finish hours twenty minutes twenty seconds winning hour thirty minutes thirty seconds mine slowest place racer disqualified dogs broke loose dropped later spectators race posted racers ahead turned corner spectators roared distance saw team blinked disbelief exclaimed dogs let catch suddenly longer tired pumped furiously sled gaining team ahead avenue spectators shouting screaming team line fraction ahead beaten full minutes overwhelming victory runs fifty miles course fantastic luck mushers lucky team bolted crowd fifty feet finish line
computers envaded earth teen agers action teen agers actually computers adults ago leaders teen computer revolution sixteen vincent price seventeen henry hamilton computer games programs high school earned close thousand dollars programming started computer game henry fourteen vincent price played maybe hours school computer seen keyboard worn henry vincent curious game worked took microcomputers high school tried find vincent computer puzzle started didn books computers school computer programs look tried programs changed tried understand worked picked books magazines computers soon figuring computer game reason henry vincent looked programs simply loved working computers began writing programs games school soon asked computer jobs teachers asked computer programs store test information computer companies gave part writing programs word games
summer space vehicles united states landed surface mars viking landers looked big metal crabs considered robots astronaut team scientists viking landers metal arm reached took bits martian soil metal arm dropped soil special compartment portable scientific laboratory experiments soil spot getting soil tests viking landers took pictures surface mars space horse kind robot someday study space help astronauts move planets robots factories nuclear power plants space places robots beginning turn places highways seen silent sam robot direct traffic states robots sam smart dangerous job silent sam number killed accidents directing traffic highways sam stand middle busy highway cars trucks flying past sides bit larger easy robots showing hospitals sim robot patient training medical students sim heartbeat pulse soft plastic skin looks real
experience baby sitting service nearly cost job needed sitter afternoon wife attend important business meeting business age robotry didn wish interrupted meeting programmed robot call office emergency arise meeting returned home robot important business meeting received urgent message return home immediately child sort danger rushed home nearly blowing tube hover car find wrong emergency sight decided practical joke thing happened meeting important client home fine happened boss began burn set tracking source phony calls hiring services electronic tracer found trouble robot sitting programmed call emergency loose connection emergency circuit working sitting job finished job finished judgment desperation sitting service manager told newest model robosit baby left wife gave order don let apartment remember robot flashed affirmative light left secure knowledge child safety home midnight voices wouldn open lock
look dave spellman looked pale sun turned bus highway miles lighthouse point wait drive bus rockland dave end full job dave spellman hoped driving bus turn job wanted thing wanted wait dave dave wanted sleep night sleep night gazed walls room thought ways mess thought missing roads late getting fired highway going sitting bus thought lighthouse point dave safe sound dave trying think tired watched road sun fade getting dim asked wait answer question small girl called look mom snow look woman need dave snow fell thick wet piled road bus tires snow dave feel bus move side side
writing going write awake awake pass morning morning getting tired fall asleep trying look cat sits table watching feel eyes gazing lights afraid afraid cat wax thinking think pick toss afraid night feel afraid cat think wax cat alive fun hear say morning friend shane house shop mall house wax opened days ago shane handed box jan house wax shane friend play jokes shane joke friends tired kidding shane laughs makes fuss days ago shane hit bag full water bam fell head looked waving room
whale live water fish fish air water gills whales gills lungs air whale holes top head holes nose whale comes top water holes open whale pushes air takes air holes close water air passes lungs lungs things whales fish whales fish related whales mammals dogs cats pigs kinds mammals living today alike number ways mammals whales born alive mammals born land whale born water soon born mother pushes air mammals whales fed milk mothers whale milk rich food rich milk high fat helps mammals huge mammals whales live born whale live close mother keeps safe fed watching whale living water mammals living things hair whales hair hairs heads hair born ages water changed mammals
big thought big biggest met tall mother wrong big age called tiny tiny knew friends small knew put jokes size tiny upset laughed started school tiny met boys wanted maybe thought fighting tiny big tiny fight tiny wasn shy afraid didn fight didn want hurt told mother father size bully word gabe going tiny gabe poked chased called names won fight tiny mother father don fighting don want bully son hear gabe called laughed pointed tiny mother father tell gabe sat kicked feet air baby sounds yelled mommy daddy save mommy daddy help tiny looked gabe gosh tiny cute baby let turn try party walked gabe sat laughed tiny eating lunchroom
girls sat large rock shore watched waves high tide shore water bored marta re bored rosa relax sit watch gulls boring marta north york wish moved rosa didn answer boring town think thing marta added pirates pirates wouldn looked fuss pirate ben bullfinch peg leg bet bet ben bullfinch thought landed named bullfinch lake bullfinch cove bullfinch road bullfinch bullfinch don today york friends happening rosa face town home tired hearing york sick hearing york friends rosa going look shells left marta rock marta looked rocky rise edge shore rosa cave hidden marta decided look joke hide rosa marta soon found hole rocks put feet ledge inside body hidden
eyes wide open saw dark night night dark marta thought worms live wet earth maybe watching moving worm bits earth fell face rolled shut eyes anyway marta pushed feel bits earth falling neck hair thought cave packed rocks mud forever wasn air marta choked sob forced hands tapped hard bony tree marta thought tree roots chill passed roots end worn give marta sobbed wet earth marta hear marta calling rosa help marta feel feet moving marta picked head help help think found called marta inches earth large rock needed move pulled marta light turned face warm sun filled lungs air rosa sat happy say word called look pointing tunnel ahead place marta found
snake give stan snake stopped hissing staring going bite ellen snake began stab air needed let high yells turned ran path bad stan ellen waited longer seen snake show stan ellen didn facing hognose snake hognose snakes found parts bite hurt try scare animals hognose snake puff body hiss try look mean things don move bite rolls plays dead turn belly playing dead hognose snake turn show dead hognose snake look safe alive hognose smart playing dead stan ellen didn hognose snake harm didn snakes snakes snakes feel slimy wrong wrong skin snake scales catch light shine shiny skin think snakes feel wet slimy
archer chen stepped moving walkway pulled darkened halls labs study animal languages chen labs night didn want heart hammered hard chest head head checkpoint chen stopped waited scanner buzzed red light locked face moved body thing scan thoughts chen chen stiffened red light stopped chest hang forever catch thudding heart dare move scanner alarm sounded lab hallway shut light faded scanner shut large gate rolled chen stepped inside lab archer chen feel home lab didn insects didn koren head lab koren rude times knew thinking feeling chen short koren rid ten helpers chen thought didn koren studying insects chosen pests insects harm task find kind language insects
madge steve west misty lake won find misty lake map small body water north lives madge steve hiked lake days fishing ready quit luck lunch fish taste thing catch fish let steve moving fast don heading run madge head trees going crash misty lake duck steve didn hear crash let happened madge look madge light re gasp spaceship think inside help let miles steve hear buzzing sound sound coming side ship wests decided check steve head re taking risk don look opening side ship re madge small door maybe window steve maybe inside watching re going home
brother sleepwalker sleepwalking mitch lot walk asleep knew walk nights roll crib cry awake wasn dreaming older mitch began wilder things found sitting top shelf kitchen found gotten glass hand singing top lungs mitch mother called bed morning mitch singing re dream father called mitch mitch stopped yes eyes open knew asleep ok held arms father bring walked bed morning told dreamed rock star sitting shelf singing glass looked crazy stage high fans singing mike ten dashed bed ran hall grabbed hanging bathroom dress washed hung dry hopped dress
mother father found mitch sleepwalker afraid knew sleepwalkers hurt mitch things scary dive table stop hurt returned bed told bring happened night night mitch outdid father trip mother bed asleep woke hear moving living room thought mitch stepped hall froze tracks mitch wasn walking robber dressed black stocking head window gasped pressed wall hoping spotted pulling tv plug wall mitch bed walked middle living room watched robber short stern tone cut robber stiffened dropped tv set feet gave yell mitch marched closer held arm pointed robber going hit nose shot club dim light stocking robber thought mitch holding gun mitch ok
wake refreshed rested moving night knowing fixed place logs move arms legs heads sleep roll times move times night recall waking night sleepers wake times night morning nears find harder sleep happen sleep logs didn move wake feeling tired stiff sore truth sleep needed insects animals need rest set sleeping insects sleep fish sleep eyes open fish close eyes wanted eyelids eyes open re asleep fish aware going seeing sleeping eyelids pulled open fish sleep feel re getting sick sleep alert thniking sleep needs hours night olds need hours sleep night older need sleep hours age sleep stick plan
saw shark fin sliced water boat didn uncle john looked uncle john randy stern uncle john showing randy hold fishing line showing randy hated randy start uncle john randy didn want randy twelve older randy lives northside buildings northside kids act fast looked water thing shark fin rest shark moving wide circle boat smack middle circle read sharks circle find water mind looked uncle john fishing pole fitted holder showing randy cast randy uncle john joking knows funny jokes telling randy big brother randy big brother takes kid friend kid father home randy needs friend randy uncle john told randy turn kid
low boat looked side feel waves moving drifted tide saw fin ten feet saw dark shape saw pointed nose scary scary big randy hushed voice buzzing sound line spinning pole jerked holder uncle john grabbed fast shark line yelled test line uncle john game fish kind fish fight line strong snap steel hold baby uncle john pulled broken line look shark coming randy screamed coming numb saw fast fin moving head bumped boat rocked bobbed saw shark going fast race car uncle john don kind chances harmless checking mouth dry forced laugh harmless shark asked joke didn thing sam uncle john sharks harm blame kidding saw uncle john looking kind funny feeling talking sharks didn
kim knew give birthday presents takes bit thought kim say kim knew friend tom loved watermelon planted watermelon seeds yard tom eyes lit kim presented huge deep green watermelon birthday sliced open pink juice smelled sweet summer perfect gift gift kim gave happened accident bought latest record big apples friend margarita kim knew big apples margarita favorite group kim wrapped record taped fresh daisy card hurried party margarita began open gifts reached big pile pulled kim card read happy birthday margarita love kim smile spread face look kim gave daisy look beautiful thin white petals bright yellow center wonderful gift kim means daisy didn kim answered quietly glad later margarita found record pile gifts turned kim record daisy daisy perfect gift details story help picture understand happening story details describe present kim gave tom details describe present margarita treasured kim details story form picture milo determined perfect person days
lisa kaufman lives mother father brothers sisters cats dog manitoba canada lisa school loves animals photographer thirteen girls thing lisa saved lives children saturday lisa baby sitting older sister terry children lisa bad cold glad sink soft rug terry living room watch tv herbie bruce michael checked upstairs baby jennifer eighteen months found sleeping warm bed children watched tv michael want cookie padded kitchen bare feet yelling crying holding oatmeal cookie lisa dashed kitchen flames smoke pouring open basement door slammed door shut jumped seconds door exploded kitchen lisa ran living room instant gathered michael bruce herbie circle arms pushing front door lisa herbie want watch tv run fence stay lisa ordered lisa knew stairs jennifer room grabbed blanket wrapped sleeping baby reached bottom stairs jennifer arms flames licking front door lisa handed baby herbie hold tight call fire station cried
hours passed noon tide going water level going swift stream running pool slowly stream flowing guide current dead water lively reaching small opening teresa took match bottle removed cork slowly knife shaved cork small pieces catching hands waded water shoulder high let crumbs cork fall fingers slowly backed moving inch inch waves water reached edge wall leaned waited minutes passed times started move remain ages tide crept water stood ankle deep finally moved knife teeth match glass held high stepped slowly pond walked pool water shoulders hands shaking took match bottle scraped knife handle times lit watched tiny flame glow brighten die chance match left waited moment struck wood caught bob light wavered burst flame looked cork dropped sight waited
hannah horse miles stopped winds whipped body lifted hoof piling snow hannah begged yanking pull forward die blizzard don want live horse stubborn hannah finally saddle bag leave walked whirling snow plunge ahead hannah sank snow knees legs burned feeling trees told noticed trees horse stood giants flat kansas prairie reach carry plan safe reach trees blindly snow thick hannah step ahead hannah figured wind guide wind blowing southeast meant walked wind slapping side heading northeast northeast trees suddenly hannah gripped terrible fear reached trees maybe passed blinding snow lost ending prairie reach home home morning received home land claims office looked surprise put papers hannah knew wondering thirty woman live wild prairie
space earth air space air scatter sunlight space black air carry heat space cold air carry sound space silent point going space anyway leave earth comforts thing curiosity part wanted side mountain forest sea wondered places reasons going space want want places want travel roads roads streets highways earth roads space seen orbits routes objects follow moving space earth planets move sun moon moves earth orbits don change rule space bodies roads depend trips amounts space trips planned spaceships swing road planet hundreds explore solar system places sun impossible sun hot burned cinders planets visited certainly exploring mars earth nearest neighbors
learn bit stars looking watch stars map sky earth moves sun stars place sky night stars study need closer binoculars small telescopes stars look larger closer planetarium program show stars move sky learn things stars names size color astronomers spend lives studying stars large telescopes observatories built high mountains city lights air thin free dust clear stars seen easily happened effect happened read article ask happened happened remember clue words clue words stars seen place night clue word helped find answer air clear mountains effect clear air looking stars read articles look falling stars sun yellow stars planets space think
look miss reeves putting carol tricia hurried school hall poster talent show cried carol excitedly bold black letters announced date yearly event pictures show framed announcement laughed remembered kevin tumbling act tumbled stage bet franny plays piano carol let think added tricia idea girls turned sound kevin voice let pantomime pano asked tricia pantomime act words kevin understand don talk asked carol beauty pantomime choose subject let bodies talking move bodies shows kevin saw tv carol tell actors sad sat table head hands mean yes ideas asked kevin circus act tricia saturday tricia carol kevin met carol house rehearse family big recreation room divided circus performance acts act put arms straight front clasped hands forming elephant trunks bent heads low swung arms heads slowly bodies swayed lumbered room steps lively act
pablita velarde considered main painter pueblo america artists born pueblo santa clara mexico pablita mother died leaving older sisters baby pablita sisters school santa fe mexico pablita school city returning pueblo spend summer vacations full pablita summer months pueblo worked farm tending cattle riding horse mountain water spent hours grandmother pablita learned pueblo skills shape lovely pots played cliff dwellings pueblo lived thousands father told children stories told legends pueblo led earth underground spider woman pablita listened stories eyes painted home gave pablita ideas pictures art school learned skills needed speak ideas pictures paint pablita talent showed early finished eighth grade school paintings chosen show fair avenues opened pablita assignments important art works high school pablita lived santa fe later married albuquerque known country excellent artist
everyday inventions fact knows sure invented things try imagine earth walking bare feet knows exactly ancient inventor bright idea making shoes shoes leaves animal skins wrapped feet thought making sandals ages strange types shoes england wore shoes pointed ends shoes ends attached wearers knees high heels fashion end women wore heels high couldn walk falling women hired special servants lean needed place thousand passed forks invented began eating ancient forks weapons farming fishing middle east develop idea eating fork idea traveled europe woman constantinople married italy woman moved husband homeland brought fork eating fingers cut meat pieces ate fork idea caught
suppose interested doctor need microscope learn microscope looking picture idea microscope understand microscope works need parts find parts microscope reading look diagram diagram special drawing labels shows works notice diagram shows parts microscope diagram help understand paragraph page microscope small larger bit want look put slide clip slide stage look eyepiece turn focus knobs slide clearly lenses eyepiece stage lenses looking larger need light slide move mirror turn page find diagram important part microscope labeled diagram suppose want stage find word stage diagram notice line points word picture stage line connects part picture diagram read page find microscope clearly diagram answer
archaeologists searched valley kings looking tomb robbed found discovery english archaeologist named howard carter looking tomb king tutankhamen king tut called ruled egypt king died eighteen carter felt sure king tut tomb hidden valley kings searching valley kings costly equipment needed helpers hired carter friend lord carnarvon agreed pay cost carter search fifteen found lord carnarvon discouraged carter told small area valley explored carnarvon agreed part searched gave october carter began thought digging valley kings morning november worker found stone step cut rock morning carter helpers worked clear step steps led door carter excited door sealed sign pharaoh seal unbroken carter wonderful discovery break seal open door filled stairway stationed guard telegram lord carnarvon england carter waited moment determined wait longer friend join
maria wasn laughing eyes widened heard footsteps shuffling porch steps maria leapt bed peeked curtain going whispered tensely flashlight moving hear footsteps crossing porch rattle door handle heard scraping chair dragged porch later heard walking tin porch roof moment silence heard sounds footsteps moving floor heads maria whispered urgently house sit tight whispered maria let find heard footsteps coming wooden stairs floor living room crept door living room lamplight shone tall young crouching front father bookcase flash realized huckleberry finn father prize book stop shouted running father book put spun face astonishment don want hurt commanded leaving door book going backed slowly clutching book tightly making door lightning crackled crash thunder shook house lights intruder crashed couch moment lights corner eye maria holding tennis racket
longer remembering lost son cared cub child gave half food result hungrier content villagers catch part woman cub feast days hungry woman survived cub chubby grew lean tall important thing disappeared night woman sleep son son moaned morning moaned cry joy cub returned fine catch salmon taught fish grew adulthood clever wily hunter longer cub young bear caught salmon small seal plenty soon spare neighbors remarked smart bear son widow repeated proudly days suddenly weather changed weeks blinding snowstorms swept village fish caught seals swum plan starve suggested food woman bear plenty flesh beneath fur eating
call missouri kid moose remembered missouri kid journeyed farther moose record roamed midwest puzzling scientists making friends goes moose live forests northern united states canada eat water plants bushes moose travel spend lives small area missouri kid makes scientists scratch heads confusion knows exactly missouri kid born scientists believe spring likely born northern minnesota canada lake superior lake woods moose calves born stay mothers female moose give birth spring calves leave male calf friends adult male bull moose permits calf travel eat fall bull drive calf young moose sets knows sure happened missouri kid frightened bull maybe looking adventure reason kid began trekking south central minnesota soon kid left minnesota seen woods upper des moines river town emmetsburg iowa folks river odd beast seen moose moose seldom south stayed short disappeared
morning brothers rode try luck sooner left pio patio called aqui mi caballito horse puff rainbow colored smoke stepped horse pio repeated wanted horse answered today dressed richly yesterday pio stood magnificently dressed holding rubber ball hand climb commanded horse faster wind town overflowing heard rainbow colored horse mysterious rider end street young horseback lined awaiting turns ride past balcony galloped street throwing rubber balls lap carlos pedro end line turns carlos galloped remembering error threw ball weakly weakly landed feet pedro remembering poor throw gave ball hard toss galloped past hit wall head bounced crowd rainbow colored horse mysterious rider appeared flash sped past balcony pio tossed ball gently lap crowd roared approval don nicanor raised arms halt rider horse stopped till reached pio house step pio commanded pio say thank disappeared cloud rainbow colored smoke
jake puppy puppy panda jake panda park play park jake panda saw fire trucks panda ran fast panda stopped lake frog jumping lake puppy panda lost frog frog live panda live blue house panda house number panda frog asked house number panda asked house number lost frog puppy lost jake jake frog asked jumped fly panda jake jake frog find boy panda happy tell live frog live park panda frog jumped find park look blue house walked jumped big park panda park blue house live park frog number door live number park number panda funny lost tell number lost
school read books table baby bear bears book boys girls fun school want fun school step book baby bear stepped book baby bear big walked room stepped rope baby bear looked rope boys girls jump rope jump rope started jump rope jumping rope hard baby bear stepping rope put rope boat baby bear saw ball boys girls fun catch ball catch ball baby bear started catch ball catching ball hard move fast catch put house baby bear saw truck started fast chair baby bear wanted turn truck turned turned turn truck ran chair stopped turning truck hard baby bear school fun bear step book school boy asked move truck girl asked find ball jump rope funny baby bear laugh looked happy bears book
mary sam door sue house sue zoo elephant wolf turtle zoo mary sam sue stepped house sue father started rain raining hard father zoo raining hard raining hard play sue sue mother play room play raining room mary dress zoo animals look big coat shoes dress coat shoes look elephant sue need chair look elephant put want dress green boat table sam help move table green boat turtle need shoes sue shoes mary catch shoes sam funny turtle turn dress want dress wolf help find coat shoes coat door wolf sue shoes catch hat sam put coat hat wolf move wolf step wolf mary
carol puppy play puppy bob rosa ran carol play puppy carol puppy puppy house socks bob rosa want play puppy socks bob help puppy give puppy water water socks socks socks water rosa help puppy socks want play mouse mouse socks want play socks saw mouse socks ran mouse bob puppy big carol carol socks jump rosa rosa socks likes mouse carol socks likes bob billy play bear yellow bear billy ran table billy put bear table bear want bear billy saw mike billy mike find bear help find mike help billy saw bear room mike billy ran room
ken job job give frog clean water frog likes jump frog jumps beth job job water plant beth puts water pail frog sees pail frog likes jump frog jumps pail beth help ken frog pail frog water frog ken beth water frog likes jump frog jumps pail plant beth runs plant frog likes jump frog jumps plant table beth runs table ken asked fly plant beth frog want eat fly beth pail put pail frog beth ken run plant pail frog sees fly frog jumps table plant frog eats fly beth puts pail frog beth frog ken job beth frog pail put water frog clean water grant asked sam help room clean want boys girls help clean room sam asked hat help put jobs hat boys girls jobs hat grant put jobs hat judy saw sam hat judy asked hat sam
jim chen pete clark camping ten miles town woods northern alberta canada spent hiking setting camp trying sleep tent sleeping bag getting short getting tall jim pulled bag tighter body sleep pete tom arriving teasing meeting sure don want caught sleeping pete watched jim fiddle radio thought crazy shut thing thought heard noise pete sitting straight held head close door think whispered jim don bear pete tried sound brave didn want scare jim jim city boy wouldn dangerous bears spring fire pete pulled bag neck sleep big tomorrow soon boys asleep quiet wind blowing trees edge clearing bear paced camp times close fire backed finally lumbered safety bush lay bear looked food hanging tree tent bear fell asleep dawn bear woke sound tent fire bear started tree inside tent pete jim sleeping
cold wind blew lake chipper beaver waddled water slipped lake head peeked surface chipper glided slow land fast water chipper kicked smoothly powerful hind feet webbed duck broad flat tail served rudder steering held front paws tiny fists chipper push things path chipper swam water close shore smelled air danger minutes earlier chopping willow tree food chipper smelled mountain lion quickly swam tree ready fall chipper didn want meet enemy face face chipper caught signs big cat climbed water fall chipper busiest winter food harder find chipper chop lots trees food store water home cold months ahead didn chipper chop tree crash ran water knew dangerous stay land chipper enemies knew sound falling tree meant tasty beaver nearby chipper waited tree didn wait chipper towed tree lake mountain lion crept close shore suddenly big cat saw thick branch hanging chipper head
clay watch soccer game tomorrow donna asked tried sound happy donna didn want brother worried clay shrugged shoulders suppose didn interested clay soccer player bicycle accident left broken arm clay couldn play game arm healed didn interested remember taught soccer place donna maybe give tips shooting clay clay nodded say sunny warm donna woke early put bright blue team shirt hawks printed shirt big white letters today hawks playing raiders raiders place clay coming watch donna wanted hawks win field donna excited asked coach letting try spot team forward important job shoot ball net goal shooting star shooting star summer nights laughed clay shooting stars bright don going star team soccer team sport game players clay ball past team goal
heck jones jumped running board guided mile road youngsters tried laugh wiggled ears jill crossed eyes chester moved nose rabbit hester flapped arms bird peter whistled front teeth missing tom tried stand head car heck jones finally raised arm pointed land neighbor didn tumble car hurry stared delight farm broad sunny oak tree gentle hill fault sure boggy looking pond spread acre road lose cow place deal doubt mama dear melissa fine oak hill build house won heck jones oak land sir water rock tree stump thought joke wasn smile found face sir clearly stated farm eighty acres marshy pond covers acre wrong full eighty acres piled hot cakes didn say farm surface eighty acres deep mcbroom read deed read deed true
jonathan john nickname tonto look today sitting front television eating sandwich yesterday navaho boy ate fry bread mutton stew tonto lives rim canyon de national monument arizona cliff dwellings canyon walls belonged anasazi ancient tonto wants escape today canyon middle towering cliff walls important climbing canyon tonto fell broke leg fell cliff parents carried truck small hospital care later navaho healing ceremony believed help tonto tonto school awakens alarm clock morning sun tonto puts shirt pants running shoes oatmeal orange juice carrying garbage mother school bus tonto ninth grade school tonto home home plays baseball friends supper afterward homework watches television bedtime say maybe tonto things help older brothers haul water house electricity gas running water fill barrels water supply miles horse dogs cat living home lot water home speaks navaho english language learned school summer tonto speaks navaho spent family fish boys swim water hole canyon rim favorite thing ride horses tonto
young woman maria known fine pots maria village women pots families sold pots visitors compared pots women young maria lovely outstanding pots maria martinez known special visitors maria village visitors archaeologists looking remains early native american visitors digging maria village dig found broken bits pottery pots belonged group native americans lived hundred visitors finds influenced maria art changed archaeologists showed maria pieces broken pots thinner pots maria making odd shiny black finish asked maria pot wanted hundred pot maria try maria husband julian helped find wall pot thinner maria knew clay thin pot clay crack fired maria mixed amounts clay sand water discovered mix crack maria julian find shiny black finish discovered took steps maria began polishing dried clay surface pot smooth stone polishing tool slow
oldest lost mines southwest texas ago rode west lampasas river crossed colorado river headed san river close town menard look map journeyed suddenly saw cave stopped look inside cave walls silver decided silver later able find cave map page shows searched lost mine looked town menard san river upper colorado river south llano river treasure lie miles brownsville say gold buried mexican soldiers forty later treasure hunters found gold gold sank quicksand digging maps help find places trace journeys article maps show places relation arrows show north south east west scale miles helps figure place llano river north south brownsville miles brownsville menard read selection maps find places mentioned map shows close superstition mountains phoenix arizona mountains phoenix million live shop phoenix superstitions part true wilderness
warship mary rose finally returned home england october july hundred mary rose rested bottom sea mile coast portsmouth england mary rose pride king henry vii navy ninety cannons hundred aboard ship set sail portsmouth english ships english battle french mary rose battle sank mile shore thirty saved knows mary rose sank think cannons fastened deck strong breeze mary rose lean side heavy cannons rolled deck cannons hit side ship crashed water rushed hole cannons ship flooded sank wreck mary rose found alexander mckee didn ship found margaret rule working looking chart discovered mckee found mary rose ship found sides covered silt covering frame side ship rotting hundred divers thirty thousand dives study mary rose brought seventeen thousand artifacts ship things divers brought gun weighed tons gun
friends riding bicycles town passed connor behavior certainly suspicious dressed pants shirt cap known addition carrying shovel whistling funny dan mean connor louise looked strange angie later figured seen connor wear suit seen shovel heard whistle fact heard speak whisper week town librarian retired library angie wants end days later dan louise running angie yard looked cats cornered mouse guess saw connor louise edge town fallen houses digging bet burying wonder maybe treasure hold bury asked angie louise maybe looking angie maybe cracking dan angie laughed connor makes sense wonder riding creek dan louise angie saw connor carrying shovel friends saw leave road head houses hid bicycles half hour watched dig bits crumbling stone wall didn find
rosalie sitting bed reading book suddenly odd feeling rosalie hear strange noises coming bed began shake puff smoke smoke cleared rosalie found place longer bedroom standing small room fashioned furniture room packed things jars wires machines stacks paper sat tables papers spread floor shelves filled books covered walls rosalie noticed wasn watching brown suit buckled shoes bald eyes wide surprise walked rosalie studied closely walked rubbing bald spot talking finally stopped front rosalie gave arm pinch hey stop yelled jumped real speak english girl boy girl yes yes girls wear dresses bows slippers call ah interesting clothes call jeans shirt running shoes rosalie answered bent look shoes wonderful shoes tell born rosalie johnson live newton massachusetts told born ah repeat date asked couldn hear looked shocked
yakutat country alaska lives rare animal called blue bear blue shading fur true story blue bear named yakutat barry yakutat barry lived woods barry knew find grubs bugs juicy roots berries eat turned rocks licked ants tongue barry walk stream grab fish swam easy barry hunting left hungry barry cried sleep barry scent group huts beach lined front neat row garbage cans barry tipped garbage spilling ate wanted barry began return place found home barry home found coast guard station excited saw began set bits cook meals barry barry began trust let closer closer food tame station jim jenson worried barry jim knew wasn safe bear lose shy ways especially bear hunting season full swing barry prize blue fur valuable stories barry flying town hunters offered reward hide blue bear safe stayed land owned coast guard
early morning july sun rose slowly sea began shine light harbor plate glass mirrored docks boats morning sun tide coming gull glided water art hatch busy checking gear boat worked eye bird suddenly screamed flew harbor art didn alarmed bird didn notice slowly moving shape harbor side town toni nosed bicycle cousin drive braked halt cal called let swim don cal walked door yesterday coast guard posted shark warnings heard shark sighted cal don think swimming don swimming open water stay harbor swim diving board beach toni cal nodded shark shallow narrow let cal bicycle arrived harbor art hatch helper tim carter working boat early toni cal crossed bridge halfway toni slammed brakes cal turned sharply avoid running toni stop call yelled toni staring water big water cal
continent farthest south antarctica larger united states seen january russian sea captain sighted stretch ice covered hills weeks ship sailed edge ice finally captain realized found icy continent hundred countries sailed antarctica hunt seals whales find land coldest place earth words written sailor show cold raised head look round found couldn move clothing frozen solid stood graph page shows cold antarctica sailors belgium spend winter antarctica coast antarctic winter sun disappears seventy days belgian ship log tells darkness affected seaman fits mad fear died heart trouble thirteen later norway led roald amundsen england led robert scott built bases antarctica coast groups planned reach south pole race south pole scott battled high winds crossed dangerous cracks ice endured snow heavy wet sleet wrote wet tents wet round wet january scott party reached south pole norwegians reached pole earlier december
janet car filled gas kathy walked cold drink machine put change cans tomato juice want kathy asked sister ready leave maybe later janet look pointing road map leave highway route save ok kathy re driver tired glad moving bit breeze felt noon hundred degrees girls expected desert hot expected color clumps pale green yellow pink white purple flowers cactuses blossoms hope looks gary anita live kathy cousins gary anita moved colorado danville arizona ago cousins seen kathy parents asked kathy wanted birthday trip gary anita girls parents couldn let girls janet eighteen driver mother handle father finally agreed turn want janet drove smaller road gravel road didn look girls sang song radio song wasn janet pulled car road kathy realized wrong kathy pointed red light dashboard
wind turned colder pass arha flesh chill bones rock arha stood felt ice hour cold numbed thought warm eyes twinkling light valley remembered friend sat tending fire wisps fog blotted light arha strained fog passed sneezed coughed shivered began feel ill night stood dawn put robe mountain city haptom surprised arha questioned servants arha stay night food drink blankets warm clothing yes servants things strong fellow haptom arha able simply watched light fire distant hill arha watched fire lose bet servant land fire close warm valley won give land haptom didn promised fire saved arha sad friend told happened matter judge advised arha judge told story judge haptom
robert rovere noticed mimi holtzer robert perfect mimi interesting dandelion mimi thinks robert asks dance mimi wonders joke waits nervously robert family apartment butcher shop robert date turn supper mimi veered wildly belief disbelief coming wasn coming yes robert phone practical joke decided change clothes wash face mother wouldn leaver popping butcher shop ask mimi ready finally mimi put fresh blouse combed hair looked clock felt sick pit stomach knock door robert rovere standing coats boots frowning light kitchen hello mimi called afternoon sure stared beautiful hair freshly combed wore yellow sweater seen astonished hear sounded normal put jacket opened door butcher shop going called mother leading thin moon rising robert smiled suddenly felt wonderful capable robert rovere mimi mother running house holding package wrapped white paper
true story young woman needed special courage famous geri jewell york sights break filming tv show hollywood hotel room writing picture postcards friends home fully unpack clothes tossed bed win prize neat geri proudly wears white baseball shirt blue jeans sneakers greets visitor slight lurch walk strong grip says hello mouth twists change fact attractive geri born twenty ago buffalo york weighed pounds premature pronounced dead arrival brought eighteen months later geri parents learned geri brain damaged birth damage suffered affect talks moves cerebral palsy twelve geri goal comedian carol burnett geri says identified characters wrote letter letter wanting comedian answered telling quit trying later appeared tv special telegram congratulating carol impressed geri letters proud encouragement carol comments geri happen sitting feeling sorry trying feel sorry geri remarks wasn finally realized carol burnett free comedian
late exactly spoke polly hand touch rings immediately flash noise warning sort polly digory uncle room happened polly asked digory place mean asked digory awhile ago box destroy didn explained uncle andrew discovered lost city atlantis contained brought beginning asked digory dust uncle andrew ah looked dust thought grain reached magic difficulty dust form finally succeeded making rings yellow ring send creature touched place green rings draw polly green ring digory uncle andrew cruel smile course digory saw trap caught knew put yellow ring order find polly green rings bring digory buttoned coat took deep breath picked rings uncle andrew study vanished instantly moment muddled thing digory knew soft green light coming darkness
animal pawed ground suddenly grunting snort broke stillness mafatu knew blind desire turn run drew deep breath shouted challenge wild pig mafatu kill pig charged ground tore foam flew tusks boy braced met charge perfectly timed thrust spear pig impaled shoulder deep spearhead mafatu thrown balance spinning headlong rolled leaped feet panic defenseless pig toppled gave shudder lay killed wild pig mafatu grasp wonderful truth leaped wildly air shouting killed wild pig hear father son killed pig ho ha uri leaping jungle barked hoarse sight pig fine mafatu joked dog needed chasing butterflies saved teeth shark mind give mouthful pig uri hung head dropped tail brightened mafatu laughed joyously foolish drag share boy rude sled bamboo loaded heavy animal hitched stout vine uri neck dog threw weight task started home triumph burden mafatu singing top lungs lusty song blood battle polynesian charged ancient fierceness race
story read mark mary save hepzie arthritis sure arthritis meant place find dictionary word don try figure meaning makes sense sentence check meaning dictionary words dictionary alphabetical order find arthritis front dictionary find page need quickly guide words words dark print top dictionary page word looking alphabetical order guide words word looking called entry word shown dark print page entry words root words root word word ending looking articles entry word look definition meaning entry word look sample page arthritis mean definitions read pick fits reading entry entry word information suppose looked arthritis dictionary questions cure place find answers encyclopedia encyclopedia set books articles places things tips help encyclopedia books encyclopedia arranged alphabetical order book called volume find arthritis look volume
lousy rain call game thick chilly mist verging drizzle matters worse poured night field muddy walking field felt ground squish cleats halftime ron boys sam playing goalie fiercely massacre look team hoarsely chance think run re playing sloppily tough sam dived ball stood dripping mud looking gave fresh chill wondered left game couldn forever suddenly forgot damp miserable james lee sat tree pelting lenny acorns ball running ron boys let closer goal voice screaming james shot realized dimly mine tried goal shot low ron goalie stopped goalie slipped treacherous mud thrust ball net shouldn cheered point gave matter joe vickers kids alive especially james stubbornly charging ball found sean clear shot kind quick sure pass aching season sean zigzagged field ron defense slogged
love animals animal lovers put lives danger rescue pet seen news stories tv rescuing pet danger pet climbed high tree afraid climb animal lovers veterinarians care pets farm animals patients special scientists live jungles wild places observe animals survival threatened anxious help animals disappearing earth think ways help animals danger adopt flat headed cat lion cuddly monkey alligator zoos adoption program adopt animal adopt turtle adopt tiger course wouldn able animals home visit animal remain zoo receive special care needs adopt animal zoo money helps give animal special care needs helps zoo provide food animal helps zoo build homes animals money makes zoo interesting exhibits millions visit zoo class show cares animals adopting animal today join growing groups young find adopting pet interesting worthwhile project
going picture glance tell classroom busy students wearing glasses gloves ask need figure happening study picture later want review picture sure didn miss picture follow steps quick look question closer look review similar system help read called system steps preview question read review pages try system short article preview means quick look ahead story article general idea contents preview look titles headings pictures maps charts graphs preview article page idea article decide expect learn questions hope author answer article ask junior historians find missing bell read article questions answered young working bring past students ahoskie north carolina found junior historian club uncovered missing school bell junior historian club group students robert vann school ahoskie past club members published booklet interviews local residents interesting photographs stories cures illnesses
soon workers tractors drilling rigs cranes lifted mrs tortino house ground set corner lot dug garden carefully replanted pots digging begin scooped deep hole foundation drilled deeper holes filled cement weeks foundation complete strong steel frame built stories high top frame stood crane crane stood mrs tortino family home chestnut tree hung washtub flowers lettuce young beets spinach dangled pots swung metal beams crossbeams scaffolding sun peer parlor welders riveters building metal frame showed weld rivet week floor finished mrs tortino house lifted higher floor fourth fourth seventh rose sunshine increased air grew fresher pursifur wheezed flowers stood straighter tomato vines climbed madly beets spinach grew record size mrs tortino smiled broadly trotted beams rode construction elevator order market pulled morning paper cord grew longer longer house rose night lowered garbage street hung laundry scaffolding startling office workers door
set wilds alaska winter planning ahead course journey plan helps want similar plan help understand remember read article outline plan shows important points article read article notice main points susan butcher iditarod race iditarod dog sled race place march trail follows turn century gold rush trails alaska runs anchorage nome miles race dangerous racers exposed extreme cold snow wind blinding sure rest racers checkpoints susan butcher background prepared sled racing read iditarod veterinary student colorado susan begun dog sled racing pet siberian huskies susan moved alaska worked summers farm spent winters mountains training sled dogs susan bad experiences iditarod race susan rest sick lost yukon river race hand friends checkpoints woman place top twenty iditarod reached place outline helps reread article decide topic article title article explains topic case true
auditioning high school play easy sounds don stage read scene play ready character director asks wear costumes makeup improve chances afraid try couple plays bit parts working scenes didn feel confident guess finally decide audition high school spring play prime miss jean brodie feeling didn gather courage audition nerve horrible thing happen wouldn part worse wanted involved school friends spend home halfway semester high school till involved school fringes pep rallies football games testing water reading wade copies prime miss jean brodie checked local library decided audition library branches finally main library downtown find script read script excited plot schoolteacher scotland named miss brodie forty telling prime girls school miss brodie special favorites sandy jenny monica mary macgregor
shimmering experience seeing performance lorraine thought goal learning journalist passed felt closer failure physical geography college sense left school home chicago final decision want write mama lorraine writing want york mrs hansberry open idea lorraine expected knew lorraine sensitive lorraine looking find express potential york met bob nemiroff student york university married chicago june marriage bob continued graduate literature lorraine worked lorraine number jobs pay bills salesgirl typist furrier assistant bob offered full job music company finally comfortable lorraine give full writing luxury write dizzying worked book plays opera increasingly play began weekend felt idea real contemporary drama want tell story black family bob show complicated feelings human beings family involved struggle
top sky waiting meet cautiously car peered top hill began ease track cars calm leader nearly half cars safely passed top hill entire train paused deep breath wham cars half train apparently rush tried scramble top bobs screaming plunge frantic escape yellow belly stomach shot chest lodged throat climbing hill realized miracle head ripped savageness plunge don love screamed sarah joyously slapped hand love love croaked happened cramp leg rid relax leg gently walking unfortunately strolling roller coaster going straight speed sound hazardous health gripped bar front tighter throbbing terror brain stabbing pain leg car finally stopped attendant pry car carl bags sand feebly hobbled exit ramp re limping sarah coming bit burst exultation wrong increased limp
rosie radiator distance tap dancer troupe fellow tappers set records distance tap dancing rosie dance fun rosie purpose tap dancing tap dancing rosie means taking tap dancing studio dancing streets freight elevators subway stations music rhythms city sounds cable cars buses cheering rosie explained rosie admits hardest part dancing streets concrete reactions worthwhile faces light smile rosie decided devote energies tap dancing ago twenty eighth birthday started thinking taught school fished cut wood repaired autos living repairing autos rosie realized love tap dancing studying rosie developed tap dancing method distance tap dancing relaxing feet moving feet muscles body labor rosie burst spotlight tap danced golden gate bridge carried american flag grandmother miss liberty grandmother bedridden patriotic gesture behalf rosie troupe danced farther farther twinkling shoes
impossible escape reptiles circled closer closer tiny raft picked oar knew useless hides creatures pointing frantically creature trying find route escape hans sail raft hans remained calm finally mean thought reptiles turned creatures larger imagined monster head porpoise body lizard jaws crocodile huge spouting serpent shell turtle relief began monsters interested headed straight fight horrible sight behold hours struggled awful red eyes glowing flames burning surface sea times disappear surface moments clung raft rode waves created hideous battle death finally disappeared return won frankly cared critical thing animal dined provided dinner awoke morning threatening feeling air foul weather uncle hardwigg announced bad words sooner uttered winds began
millie groundhog lives lives grandpa groundhog live house ground millie reading book drip drip drip dripping head asked millie groundhog grandpa don let wet look grandpa raining hole house rains hole wet house hole rain makes wet house millie looked asked farmer grandpa asked millie grandpa putting plants ground rain help plants grow millie let comes rain don want wet millie groundhog ran house grandpa walked grandpa wet millie water dripping hole drip drip drip wet coat millie groundhog asked grandpa wet water drip hole wet grandpa wet sun taking hat millie let farmer want farmer working let grandpa look farmer farmer farmer putting seeds ground asked millie grandpa plants grow seeds ground
sun bright sky millie looked planted sunflower seeds millie grandpa look big sunflowers look bright sun sky farmers plants farmers growsunflowers grandpa corn field look don let farmers millie walked farmer field millie saw bird sky bird hello eat corn millie don want corn soon sunflower seeds eat millie saw farmers asked bird farmers bird farmer watering plants shiny watering stick working ground corn millie bright shiny field let shiny thing millie looks farmer shiny hat head herhair looks straw bird hair straw farmers put field scarebirds scare millie scares going house farmer started shake stick chase bird flying sky millie ran house ground millie grandpa sat talk farmer chased scared field scared grandpa farmer want animals eat corn scares birds millie let farmers eating sunflowers
walked room mother working mom monday maria moving moving happy promised wouldn buy present think give asked mom sharing special mom don think special share room looked thing special maria idea monday morning sat steps present lap maria sat maria miss want plant part plant called forget tina special present promise home put forget special place watch grow think fun maria moving truck pulled mom happy friend forget maria moving happy times story want story tells try want tina want tina wanted story follows think lee henry wants
blair dad job family move blair wouldn friends mother knew move anyway blair dad blair dad friends write letters send pictures visit didn sound friends things fine dad things fine blair left sat high tree missed letter blair missed school knew play baseball friend lots nice kids mom friends feel nice kids feel slammed bedroom door monday walking home school kid saw moved kid want fort built don care didn wasn kid house fort okay sat fort played ball tuesday school kid asked play game cheat asked course kid house set game
block beech avenue lived mrs newton short round neat tall thin careful house neat pin shoe place meals neighbor children knew step walk grass newton newtons didn children children noise knew children likely mess house spill things newtons messed spilled liked newtons busy things knitted baked built things newton tall clock looked tree bird fly sing quietly newtons lives quiet careful neat afteroon newtons letter mrs newton opened letters surprise days soon going surprise knock door open love kisses grandchildren asked newton grandchildren playing joke newton funny joke knock won answer door children lot noise mess morning mrs newton mixer cookies grandchildren
ago rabbits tails morning rabbit walking walked home morning rabbit rabbit jumped heard wolf wolf wolf brothers hungry wolf rabbit meal home oak tree rabbit thought think trick wolves won eat fine meal rabbit special dance don worry won rabbit began dance wolves rabbit special dance tree rabbit wolves danced trees finally danced oak tree rabbit lived rabbit jumped cried wolf held rabbit tail rabbit magic word tail safe inside hole rabbit grow tail magic words rabbits short tails clue words help find things happen story clue words rabbit trick wolves couldn rabbit grow tail read stories look things happen knew mom angry kitchen knew closed door knew looked animal leaf carrot tops eaten dad started door
mule picture pack read words packs word pack word pack word part added beginning end word page tips help read words root word word parts added hook heat teach wonder happy root words prefix word part added beginning root word word prefix un means opposite prefix re means suffix word part added end root word suffix er mean suffixes ful ly words happy spelling change suffix added tips read underlined words horseback rider want ride mule read reread book mules ride mule slowly careful unsafe ride fast fall tips prefixes suffixes help read words stories john colter trapper telling strange things seen forest forest side mountains unpacking mules sharing stories saw pools boiling water saw bubbling mud holes crowded john colter amazed told stories yes colter replied
tie pans mules dad called billy answered billy dad cook ferdinand hayden expedition expedition packing mules soon start trip find strange land hayden heard stories told trappers told place forest strange natural wonders hayden wanted find strange place expedition set deep forest slowly carefully hope hayden knows billy quietly dad don worry dad replied hayden find needs making map land expedition worked forest saw beautiful waterfalls fell hundreds feet river wide lake lake moved searching strange wonders billy line mules saw white smoke trees billy thought forest fire billy mules expedition forest heard low deep noise ground shake looked land changed billy saw pools water steam coming bubbling boiling water places steam holes ground smoke seen billy place looked cooking noise grew louder watched hot water shot pools shot hundred feet air flowed
sure heard davy crockett lived hundred ago talk boy woods couldn school learn woods animals davy crockett start thing big baby baby bed ten feet baby food mountain lion milk bear meat won surprise learn grew big strong neighbor wanted rock field davy hit rock fist rock broke pieces brave davy big bear davy didn run gave bear big bear hug give davy turn bear juice bear gave turned davy pet friend clever saw mother crockett needed help house tamed mountain lion brought home trained sweep floor tail davy wife sally ann thunder whirlwind crockett say met dance say sally davy danced lasted night summer lasted fall sally ann thunder wonder davy met big comet brought davy newspaper big comet coming burn
talking telling ideas hearing ideas couldn hear speak talk sign language sign language signing making pictures hands word idea special sign pairs hands signing word words turtle stand guess sign stands word heard dogs help heard dogs help hear dogs let owners hear sound nancy deaf special pet hear nancy dog wakes alarm rings shows door ringing doorbell nancy dog hears smoke alarm nancy dog trained let telephone ringing lets hears siren sounds danger special trainer teaches dogs nancy hear sounds nancy invited join training dog worked months trainer showed nancy dog nancy thing making sound dog pulls nancy door telephone alarm details small pieces information help understand big picture idea read dog save person hear details story tell details dog training read words hands try picture turners talk
michael turner sisters gina diane dog named polly parents hear talk heard voice mom dad born deaf parents heard sounds school deaf kids growing learned talk read lips hard parents learn talk easy understand saying gina diane talk parents hands grandma says words hands talk hands learn finger spelling learn special finger sign letter talk hands sign language learned sign language easier faster finger spelling sure type sign language tell friends voice sign language deaf learn signs talk ways diane ask mother peanut butter sandwich talk slowly mother read lips finger spell words peanut butter sandwich ask sign language print paper mother carries show mother jar peanut butter sandwich bread parents neat things help telephone doorbell rings lights tty phone
theodore mean asked humphrey asked read headline asked knew meant suddenly oscar spoke read means headline says sad deer rest today letter word letter word fix yelled theodore animals late print paper animals began print paper oscar theodore haven printed story haven moment read story wrote worried headlines editor sure happens listen story rats office special kind rat gertrude reporter office held tight hand folded newspaper printed look happened story wrote read headline happened yelled theodore animals read headline gave paper oscar oscar figured headline says elephant tries skates theodore roared readers headline buy paper papers sold days headlines coming wrong paper pigoeswimming readers liked figuring headlines
jenny ruth couldn wait bear show seen live bear hurried tents busy outdoor market didn stop look baskets fruit tables food heard musicians jenny let stop listen music listen later finally girls arrived circus tent inside bear show began show girls enjoyed minute laughed big brown bear funny costume bear danced clown girls cheered clapped bear turned somersaults favorite act bear caught big red ball played catch clown jenny ruth sure bear show exciting thing fair details story help picture story figure happening details told girls excited seeing bear show details helped picture bear show read stories details help picture knights games acrobats fairs ago richard caught crowd share exciting days fair richard hurried crowd outdoor market set field buy fair wood leather goods brightly colored glass beautiful cloth finest armor smells smoking meat cooking fish baking bread air feast kinds food
robert liked leap somersaults fly air robert wanted acrobat robert belonged family acrobats musicians fair city city robert father uncle leaped somersaults put wonderful show fair robert mother walked tightrope robert older sister anne musician robert outdoors practicing somersaults wanted somersaults show fair arrived city robert anne tell city tomorrow fair begin walked boy stopped help asked kitten caught tree belongs afraid high reach robert smiled anne hurry tent father uncle boy kitten minute friends give special show minutes anne arrived father uncle saw excited crowd robert whispered idea father father smiled climbed uncle shoulders robert turn robert climbed uncle shoulders father carefully room father joined hands step robert robert climbed father shoulders formed human ladder excited crowd cheered robert reached grabbed kitten robert passed father soon kitten safe high crowd robert yelled fair
ago country king lived beautiful rich city palace course reason kind palace beautiful palace city walls palace shone sunlight grand palace king young awful happened marching parade city quake rocked palace hole opened ground palace slipped ground closed wanted plan palace king king soon began forget palace king king palace forgot musicians forget believed story read books palace raised sound music musician hoped play music lovely palace musicians play beautiful music palace grounds palace appeared shook heads believed music music ago music move stones trees musicians played palace grounds
silky big dog silky josie pet lived josie small apartment silky happy apartment small silky wagged tail knock barked neighbors complained silky exercise room apartment exercise silky live lived farm guess happy wag tail bark loudly complained silky run wide josie happy wanted pet goldfish live apartment put goldfish tank goldfish goldie big goldfish big anyway goldie wag tail wanted exercise needed tank goldie bark loudly apartment complain silky goldie josie happy think silky goldie josie needed help story story story silky needed room farm josie goldfish josie lives apartment read story dinosaur big think story
mother animal think fun fox fox big maybe pig anyway pig big maybe big fish river put tank carry home wagon need bigger fish maybe horse camel anyway desert camel sandbox put camel sandbox camel feel home sandbox camel bigger fox bigger pig bigger fish bigger horse big want big elephant put elephant yard elephant big want big maybe need dinosaur dinosaur big climb pick apples tree slide talk apartment windows dinosaur big need ladder climb climbing lot yard guess room play yard dinosaur tall call loudly called sleep bed lot bringing food dinosaurs eat lot
donald maria jason kyoko dogs children care dogs children give food give water give exercise dogs need food donald dog named pal pal big friendly dog likes eat eat ten meals donald feeds meal donald knows food pal fat sick maria dog named cupcake cupcake puppy maria feeds meals puppy eat times older dog dogs need things need water dog pan water water clean maria cupcake clean water times cupcake messy likes stand water pan maria puts newspapers pan catch water children dogs need exercise small dogs need exercise big dogs jason small dog hildy jason hildy live apartment nice days walks park jason keeps hildy leash wet days play apartment hildy exercise running apartment kyoko dog named wolf wolf big dog wolf needs lots exercise kyoko lives house big yard wolf exercises yard plays ball kyoko kyoko throws ball yard wolf brings kyoko keeps wolf running yard running makes wolf feel dogs need food exercise need things need clean place sleep need brush hair
puppets fun puppet want puppets look pictures girl making yes sock puppet hard learn puppet pictures step step need read step step think making think look look clues tell step clue words numbers clues read find elephant puppet look clue words help follow steps put sock flat roll sides touch makes elephant nose tape sides hold cut ears cloth sew ears sew buttons elephant eyes ears nose clue word tells nose ears clue word tells read steps sew eyes sew eyes clue word tells follow steps tell paper bag puppet need newspapers string small paper bag paint brush scissors crumple newspaper ball ball crumpled paper size large apple put ball crumpled paper bag cut piece string
true thought shirley gordon morning murton gave gordons dog dizzy knew dizzy clever dog kinds tricks murton dizzy sit beg roll play dead trick hard dizzy shirley took dizzy yard wanted dizzy tricks sit beg dizzy shirley dizzy started lie roll dizzy shirley lie play dead dizzy didn lie didn play dead dizzy sat begged saw tricks murton shirley talk happened don answered mom let let dizzy rest going circus gordons left circus saw dizzy sound circus music burst air smell popcorn air gordons sat seats didn dizzy curl shirley seat circus started parade animals acrobats tricks air acrobats tricks hold breath clowns acrobats trained dogs gordon breath watch maybe pick idea sooner dogs trainer stepped ring ran dizzy jumped ring trained dogs gordons held breath surprised move
wanted find living dinosaur earth find story happen tells trip weather hot thought reached swamp africa africa professor ross davis scientists writer looking story professor davis looking live dinosaur sounded story thought professor davis find live dinosaur thought wanted weeks find dinosaur find lots danger land swamp car walked deep water water hot dirty things water swamp filled snakes end week dr morgan scientist bitten working fast professor davis gave dr morgan medicine snake bite sick medicine saved ground wet sleep carry hammocks night tie hammocks trees night dr morgan hammock tree fell dirty water cleaned mud hours swamp terrible place bitten bugs lost snake medicine trip terrible meeting dinosaur week tired dirty felt terrible
sister elena visiting uncle juan florida canal uncle juan house elena thought saw huge thing water shadow fish looking side boat suddenly saw dark brown nose huge round gray body body short flippers wide tail shaped spoon huge animal quickly ate lettuce dropped sandwich water shadow shadow sea giant yelled let elena row elena turned boat began row fast canal watching giant began follow swimming threw bunch lettuce boat huge animal ate began follow couldn escape elena row faster canal help escape began yell help escape sea giant giant stop canal past tall trees ahead mendoza garden watering lettuce plants save mendoza called rowed close won help escape sea giant mendoza turned looked splashed water giant help elena rowed bend canal soon lot heard yells running canal trying help terrible animal
herbert treasure collector liked collecting treasures liked getting morning liked thinking find liked going town dump liked looking liked bringing treasures home putting room liked looking looked room kind treasure hammer mirror screws corks bottles pieces glass liked treasures mother father didn mother herbert herbert throw herbert treasures junk father junk herbert someday rusty father asked things herbert put screws nails doorbell mother father left dumped things look doorbell didn someday liked thinking treasures someday afternoon rain sun herbert dump father messy dump swing fun dump herbert brought broken shovel bent trumpet broken chair table legs real find lock put toy shelves look toys mother junk mean herbert today herbert throw
franklin stayed trouble rooster began strange decided liked bed garfinkle gas pump garfinkle owned gas station road evening clock franklin walk highway sit garfinkle gas pump sleep franklin strange habit caused barney worry rooster bedtime closing pickle packing plant cross road pickle packers zooming curve tried slow sign road dangerous curve past crashes curve caused speeding pickle packers pickle packers learn slow franklin walking gas pump traffic busiest barney tried ways break franklin habit tried talking highway safety told crossing road dangerous barney talks boy tried locking franklin fence pickle packers drove franklin flew barney tied rooster tree franklin untied rope bill walked road gas station guess teach rooster safety rules barney father night boy lay bed tried think plan remembered seeing signs highways deer crossing drivers slowed deer cross highway place barney decided sign franklin solve problem
prince ahmed youngest son traveled farther brothers city country busy market plants fruits kind color air sweet saw bright birds strange animals wonder care small apple wood heard price laughed hundred gold pieces friend seller apple magic sick smell apple perfectly sure prince ahmed found sick let smell apple prince ahmed happy pay hundred gold pieces surely brothers find strange magic apple parted young princes met hill showed wonderful gift explained prince ali looked magic glass princess sick cried going die apple cried ahmed fly carpet cried hussein sat carpet wished hard princess moment side pricne ahmed held apple face princess jumped king learned sons home called princess happy
saying silk purse pig ear true ox horn bugle fact happen word bugle french ox horn called horns played animal horns horns animals oxen cows thousands played animal horns loud sound heard horns call village armies battle later horns metal brass called bugles armies training battle hunters field members bands brass bugles play notes early joseph halliday leader band changed bugle added keys bugle keys play twenty notes loud sound key bugle quickly known america important bands played army navy bands police fire bands school town bands today bugles important play part music awaken scout army camps places play taps end hearing taps played bugle means put lights
antonio lives ocean wants learn swim afraid parents think learn mother sends swimming lessons antonio older sister luisa left beach early walked end dock luisa friends playing antonio noticed boy red trunks noisier king castle red trunks cried children laughing pushed antonio dock antonio fell water big splash antonio frightened cold water closed head kicked fought hold breath grabbed re antonio luisa shouted finally antonio breathe luisa pulled antonio ladder antonio climbed children gathered couldn swim red trunks cried antonio walked beach sat sand saw push red trunks dock felt beginner swimming class began antonio water children teacher asked put faces underwater eyes open antonio tried salt water stung eyes closed antonio water nose choked lifted head soon started shiver told teacher didn feel slowly waded ashore walked home week antonio missed swimming class reason
scientists found dolphins surprising things sonar find things water dolphin sends sounds listens sounds bounce dolphin hit things water sonar dolphin find things eyes covered dolphin swim faster person race mile minutes navy set large underwater lab called sealab coast california hundred feet ocean surface scientists live month talk surface telephone navy needed supplies mail sealab navy quickly reach surface navy decided train dolphin named tuffy dive sealab pen surface learned sealab buzzer sounded tuffy heard carry mail supplies special bag wore working navy tuffy jobs important job save lives sealab left study ocean floor bottom ocean dark murky able find sealab lost danger air tanks breathe tuffy learned mail sealab navy knew smart thought train help lost divers sealab
steve family owns tv sets sisters watch game shows cartoons afternoon mother says decides unplug sets week couldn imagine watching tv friday sundown shows worst thing parent kid wrong thought afternoon snack bad tv makes afternoon snack look easy street pulling plugs began monday invited friend house needed forget missing tv clock kids arrived drank milk ate snacks napkins mom smiling glad friends left clock quiet screamed didn mom sisters screaming sat silence heard crickets clicking heard crickets afternoon window looked hard matter hard stared couldn walked house sixteen times wondered cats chasing mice tv show wrote letter cousin frank asked visit signed save lost cousin steve read night wrote letter frank don save cousin
thomas jefferson beale lived hundred ago lived adventure mystery known left treasure able find beale born virginia thirty west place north santa fe mexico found gold settled mine gold worked found silver thousand pounds gold silver beale virginia hid treasure returned west later trip virginia gold silver beale lived dangerous knew secret treasure buried lost killed beale left virginia put papers telling treasure locked box gave locked box friend robert morriss later morriss letter beale letter told morriss open box ten morriss find papers box papers written codes mean keys solve codes beale planned send morriss keys codes letter morriss heard beale fact morriss forgot beale box morriss didn open box twenty received found letter telling beale found treasure hidden morriss found papers covered numbers
united states young country known huge western lands army officers named meriwether lewis william clark ordered explore area travel mouth missouri river pacific ocean find safest easiest high mountains later called rocky mountains written records saw left st louis supplies group trip missouri river dangerous places hard months traveled thousand miles build fort fort mandan place stay winter fort mandan met young woman named sacajawea sacajewea born mountains west shoshoni sacajawea twelve girl stolen enemy indians girl escaped sacajawea stay strangers slave wanted return home friends left indians stolen married trader gave dream seeing home sixteen met help dream true lewis clark knew rivers mountains west needed guides knew land languages lived sacajawea knew languages lived mountains husband knew languages lived river
david lee act famous ice skating show act fire ice showtime groups skaters colored lights shining costumes glide numbers stars delight watching crowd jumps lifts spins music fills air middle skating acts young david lee skates spotlight david thrills crowd kind act david juggles skates faster eye david makes rings hoops scarves clubs dance air david juggles beach balls spins rings tops juggles flaming torches large show impossible young david young juggler ice show david spends months traveling ice show david exciting hard career rises spends hours schoolwork teacher studying finished david practices banjo hour break lunch lunch david works juggling skating later swim play tennis sightseeing parents david shows times show evening matter schedule david arrives act fifteen minutes ahead warm juggler hands quick able move easily
ten boys girls sprawl living room rug face screen talk laugh suddenly cheer computer soon machines common homes telephones radios home computers small powerful families families young hardest thing home computer programming program want real problems games write songs program home computer pictures pictures move change colors home computer learn kinds school subjects learning fun tell stories machines sounds help write reports hobbies fun sports track records team players collector lists build things computer help plan build home computer save house help family plan meals help family plan save spend money soon family shop send messages young spending home computers find find mind
family resting dinner raw rocks orange skin glowed light moons family vacation asked father let planet begged son agree daughter sprawled floor learning ride giant bats fun place rocket sick home idea mother let ask computer maybe knows place walked small box table mother tapped box claw computer want help find interesting place visit listen tells want want green sky dull tired pink ground son yawned want place city visited father don want twelve trillion miles added daughter computer mother asked excited eye wide open place answered sky blue ground brown green trillion miles planet added swimming swimming swimming asked son beings planet jump large bodies water flap arms answered computer sounds fun mother decided computer nice vacations
pam kerry twins mother gave robot birthday twins mother high school class taught eyes flash walk speak words put tape twins lot fun robot mom pam kerry getting ready visit children grandparents robot won fit car mom kerry asked robot person hard watch mom taking legs arms head mom stored box fit trunk kerry wished robot inside car room car pretty small hold mom pam kerry birthday gifts taking grandma kerry tried think robot bits trunk thought seeing grandma grandpa friends robot trunk robot left pam raining hard drops pattered car roof wipers swished hard driving mom car warm dry inside town tonight stay motel mom turned side road drove river mom car lights shone wet road bridge railings rusty red kerry peered window water pam asked pam asleep seat mom slammed brakes
block help live water pipe breaks fix pet sick help call help cat cried cried morning puppy cut paw vet help vet doctor helps animals vets farms vets zoos dr fry vet works city helps sick pets dr fry works let doctor doctor sees sally dog flip flip hopping paw sore vet puts sore paw dr fry talks sally keeping flip sore paw clean paw clean fast dr fry likes talk care pets doctor sees cat named tiger tiger cage dr fry keeps cages animals sick houses doctor takes tiger cage look fur tiger fur shiny eating tiger getting house today dr fry tiger hug mark comes bird shoe box box holes top mark says hello doctor brought chirpy eat sing don vet looks chirpy says chirpy cold warm give drops
hill fixing pipes break fix pipes houses call hill pipe doctor pipe breaks water call hill hill goes house pets follow ask pets follow pets hug hill easy brown needed pipe called hill hill worked pipe nibbled brown snake nibbles snake asked hill brown nibbles wants give snake hug hug saying hello hug snake hill mrs cook house cats sat looked hill worked water pipe cats wet ran fast cried cried cats don fur wet cats hill cats put paws hill hugged hill fur paws snake hug hug cats hill hill wanted house house hill saw door brown fur hill looked thing van door gave thing brown fur hug
yoshi moving street street cat door surprised kittens yoshi going kittens moved kitten yoshi saw note skated street note tacked tree yoshi read note yoshi read note skated block saw street sign pine knew pine street note yoshi saw green house number knew number mrs hope house yoshi wanted find cat reward note skated house ask mrs hope welcomed yoshi yoshi read note find cat give reward don look fluffy maybe find reward mrs hope yoshi street tree tree house yoshi looked door saw white cat mrs hope note surprised kittens yoshi skated called mrs hope fluffy safe place kittens mrs hope looked house wonderful thank finding yoshi welcome maybe help fluffy kittens yoshi yes reward book cats kitten
enjoy water live boats floating house carry places think living water living land carver family thinks boat place live boat looks house carvers live boat sits dock feet land live city father mother city liz peter school family goes city buy things eat catch fish eat liz father fish side boat liz likes help rooms boat small carvers eat sitting room kitchen small family sitting room family plays reads lives family lived house land peter big messy bedroom peter sad room full toys bedroom full toys room liz room small likes sad live land likes boat rocks sleep carver family likes boat enjoy warm days open sky carvers swim side boat treat carvers house move
children school mother father going trip waterway peter asked waterway father opened map peter waterway street water land sides water water gentle trip waterway safe carvers left morning liked stop places liked talking met heat carvers stopped swim side boat waterway full ducks peter fed ducks feet boat peter liked waterway saw farm animals land days saw steep hills trees red blossoms live land waterway fairs carvers music hear houses open view dressed costumes ago cooked meat open fire treat fair parade boats boats boats waterway carvers sat boats seats feet parade trip waterway full treats surprises liz peter sad trip knew trips knew floating house carry places think days waterway
vega family lives sheep ranch sheep ranch things spring animals moved mountain eat water clear drink late fall sheep brought ranch winter sheep live sheds warm clean sheep ranch eat sleep grow thick coats live ranch rita vega brother tom sweep barn help animals rule school rule school comes school learn ranch rita tom learn sheep safe learn help sheep sick course learn clip sheep thick coat rita tom living ranch ride horses play games read books ride airplane firefighters finding fires start fall tom rita put riding boots took horses soon sky black full dust father working trucks rule trucks working father busy sky slowly turning black dust blowing getting cold children called father look sky
jeep crossed large park aunt carol tall dry grass grass wild large animals dry grass lions playing grass aunt carol bet glad pictures lion family let count count food lions missing worked zoo counted counted lion missing missing lion baby lost crossing rocks grass paul perfect picture aunt carol large lions trample tall grass hide let mother grass find missing baby marie don give paul going snap perfect picture soon lion finds baby large mother lion crossed grass trampled trampled grass hear snarl stopped snarl led missing baby sitting crack large rock baby glad mother snarled kitten glad mother licked baby fur perfect mother took grass paul glad mother baby lion busy snapping pictures lost track took funny picture baby eating snack
ago rabbit lived house lake liked sit door animals drink house house break mountains trample elephants trample rabbit house rabbit sat think frog hopped soft cheep wild animal rabbit small think don frog hopped wondered rabbit jackal wanted help rabbit house asked house break mountains trample elephants trample jackal put sticks house going light fire rabbit fire jackal pa pa pa lake drink leopard wanted help rabbit house asked house break mountains trample elephants trample leopard jumped house holes top looked net snip snip snip stop cried rabbit leopard creep creep creep lake drink elephant wanted help rabbit house asked
alan house swamp animals live swamp alan likes learn animals live happens likes going neighbor penny job track animals live swamp penny knows animals hurt danger penny read fixing swamp land build homes taking water putting dry dirt build penny afraid animals room live took swamp land penny alan don want snakes alligators hurt danger happen build homes swamps help save animals asked alan alan helped penny write help worked radio tv penny alan wanted swamp safe building want swamp animals hurt danger penny alan asked help coming motor boat trip swamp called penny say swamp alan penny took motor boat plan trip penny map swamp showed alan mark place show alan afraid found alligators lived marked place map penny showed alligator saw alligator chew plants found water put plants chewing land
morning mike dream river biggest fish bite worms bait holly worms bait let walked pizza shop lunch walked river groups holly small group flat stones let fish bite bright shirt scare fish mike sat stone holly sat put worms hooks mike shirt scare fish red shirt worm holly looked mike true fish worms sat river watching wishing lost bait put bait watched lines bite nibble boy group fish holly boy fish big catch biggest fish fishing fish holly worm fish bait mike plan pizza lunch pizza ate holly put hook happen mike grin holly put pizza hook put line river soon happen
neighborhood hall opened city give prizes ten children hall morning shirts ten children buttons ruth kathy wanted kathy hall open ten let hall shirt button ruth morning door hall kathy smells awful smell smoke ruth yes black smoke coming hall hear smoke alarm fire help fast kathy find help girls scared want neighborhood hall burn kathy saw police car parked street called help police smoke awful thing happening hall fire policewoman car call alarm police radio fastest thing won firefighters kathy glad alarm called fast policewoman hear sirens soon stop traffic thanks help ruth ran street found fire alarm call box small push button ruth saw mrs jones coming ruth mrs jones awful fire push alarm button small mrs jones pushed alarm button ruth wondered longer hear sirens fire trucks
kathy ruth met hall soon hear sirens fire trucks large truck smaller fire chief smallest truck truck fastest fly stopped traffic siren going smallest fire truck nearest hall firefighters truck hooked hose spray water smoke watching hall burn ground longer smoke fire big truck left traffic started move chief asked pushed alarm button fire awful burned longer policewoman chief ruth kathy called alarm chief sad neighborhood hall won open today thanks ruth kathy fast thinking open soon chief ruth kathy school children met big school hall chief felt awful hall burned ground ruth kathy fast thinking saved hall building smell smoke think fast don fire call help fire alarm call box think run chief reward fast thinking giving ruth kathy firefighter hats ruth kathy surprised firefighter hats shirts buttons
ago stonecutter worked secret mountain cave walls wonderful stone worked crushing cracking wall small stones took home home stars house dark cold ate bread milk shined stones looked clear mirror buy food needed stones stonecutter house mouse nibbled bread ran curtain stonecutter stonecutter saw holes bread mouse nibbled bread stonecutter left mouse ate looked saw house messy mouse stonecutter lets eat bread helpful clean house mouse busy cleaning stonecutter mouse standing bravely door stonecutter mouse house shiny stones worked hard eat mouse cleaned stonecutter stonecutter fed mouse stonecutter cat mouse cat snarled mine lunch mouse cried let bring food today want meat milk fast cat mouse fed cat part food
don wrong ramona rodriguez friends pep ideas believe athlete shocked passing park saw ramona baseball diamond throwing orange glow tennis ball air swinging huge heavy bat half couldn bat ball hit ground rest hack ball chopping wood hit run ball wasn easy wearing high heeled boots ramona asked politely trying clarksville midge midge margaret thorn ramona houses sixth grade thorns moved clarksville ramona junior high softball team tryouts week spot open team plays clarksville month going team tried tell ramona couldn learn softball week saved breath ramona spent spare hour park bought sweatsuit look part bought tennis shoes run real softball bat size pitched arm dead stopped trying tryouts ramona stepped plate looked dug missed pitch
dome knew plans dome sound read books knew teenagers part city dome built gave finally determination paid dome received permit august full month later planned begin working dome ready november hard freeze winter dome realized needed help soon help poured younger boys girls heard dome older sisters brothers saw dome built riding bikes excited found teenagers built larger snowfort older helped stopped bring sandwiches ice cold juice company gave group telephone poles hard hats construction business visited shared knew building young actual building began took week build foundation floor dome hundreds nails pounded plenty thumbs bruised end week dump truck left pile metal objects ground things girl asked look spokes wheel older girl explained re steel hubs round ring center spokes spreading
late morning james finishing letter grandpa wrote thought summers mississippi visit grandpa logan favorite relative james grandpa spent summers fishing telling jokes looking buried treasure james writing tell grandpa happy soon visiting james grandpa special kind friendship age thirteen seventy james felt closer grandpa logan knew music special bond grandpa logan taught james play trumpet james trumpet money easy james saved carefully gleaming brass trumpet lay desk continued letter remember treasure maps showed james wrote real treasure show early june grandpa love james sealed letter rummaged stamp maybe mother walked slowly living room rereading letter reached end hall heard parents talking softly don think fair james mother sick grandpa logan think dad want worry james father looked suddenly james standing stricken look face
short found lost satellite gleaming metal stand clearly surrounding stars stamped jet control pedal low powered rockets spacesuit jetted farther station target moment jetted space knew horribly wrong completely silent inside spacesuit hear gentle hiss oxygen faint whirr fans motors hear soft whisper breathing listen carefully hear thump pounding heart sounds echo suit unable escape heavens background space aware change sounds changed added sound identify hushed thudding accompanied scraping noise froze instantly held breath trying find alien sound coming controls gave clues needles rock steady red lights warn danger flashing comfort learned ago trust instincts matters alarms instincts screaming telling return space station late recall minutes panic slowly flooded mind rising tide fear ran dikes reason person build mystery universe
hawaii islands islands formed volcanic eruptions early peoples told story explain volcanoes largest island island hawaii erupt ago lived large family brothers sisters gods special ability oldest brother steam god pele sisters taught secrets fire making learned secrets received magic spade fire sticks pele volcano goddess pele dug fire pit red gold lava bubbled overflowed pit ran sea pele watched fascinated sister namaka sea goddess furious lava killed hundreds fish namaka demanded pele punished steam god looked angry faces pele namaka knew peace pele find home namaka allow cross ocean wishes namaka agreed sullenly pele carrying fire sticks magic spade family sailed ocean called namaka soon dear sister fiery cloud rising island ruler pele sailed days hawaiian islands landed islands magic spade dug pit started blaze cloud smoke arose making dark smudge sky namaka saw smoke spitefully waves rolling water drowned fire
toutle river favorite fishing boating part river called hollywood gorge dangerous flow mud mount st helens began run mudflow thousand erosion wearing soil single afternoon river looked concrete driveway thin layer dirty water flowing top river ruined fishing boating later toutle river color bruise trip boat hollywood gorge exciting ride number wild rapids chocolate foam curls giant rocks path banks gorge thousands trees bent elbows pointing downstream tops trees pointed arrows pieces highway railing lawn mower handles parts equipment stick mud river cut path gorge river flattens quiets ruined homes cabins stand empty piles wreckage mud lines seen windows doors homes homes twisted broken animals plants live blast million fish died deer elk black bears herd mountain goats thousands animals birds killed hundreds thousands acres trees blown burned buried washed animals beavers frogs gophers survived stream banks holes ground small trees protected older trees fell top
benjamin franklin twelve father decided benjamin learn trade benjamin apprentice teach trade benjamin want soap candle business father want apprentice apprentices promised obey master twenty benjamin felt apprentice losing freedom end franklin talked benjamin apprentice brother james printer worked benjamin thought learned printing business quickly stuck twenty apprentice brother easier apprentice james thought benjamin vain argumentative treated benjamin strictly strictly apprentices benjamin bear think going waste decided spare moment learn read write observe try ideas starter tried writing poem poem capture blackbeard pirate showed father franklin thought terrible poem forget poetry father stick prose improve prose style benjamin read essay turn poetry wait weeks turn poetry prose found increased vocabulary later write letters james newspaper signing silence dogwood james wouldn written
linda yu anchors nightly news programs television station chicago responsible coordinating reporting news thousands linda spoke english born xi city million china family moved hong kong later united states linda arrived united states knowing words english hello thank series important events led linda career television news events discovery enjoyment found books thanks grade teacher think ability communicate learning read devoured books says linda shy things sports teacher showed reading important event linda mother asked course journalism college linda tells mother wanted journalist growing china country woman social class allowed career linda took course liked majored journalism university southern california finished college linda found job news writer television station los california later chance producer person full responsibility show part show opinion fairly writer terrible producer says linda
month dozens comic books hit stands comic book companies publish thousands pages writing drawing comics takes important comics business order speed things running smoothly comics companies set comic book assembly line works comic begins writer writer talks ideas story editor writer writes script describes happen panel picture comic pencil artist script rough drawings drawings help pencil artist decide size shape panel comic help artist decide parts drawings arranged drawings needed order rework characters look pages comic drawn page drawn half means drawn half times size printed comic oversized page easier pencil artist addition page reduced printed finished art look sharper drawn size comic pages drawn sheets heavy paper pencil artist roughs figures space left dialogue balloons artist goes drawing adding detail finished drawing panels comic strip finished pencil drawings step penciled page letterer letterer draws borders panels ink
cat walked miles find home family baboon house gardened pumped water owner porpoise lead ship safety dangerous area water animals communicate friends animals able understand result formed strong relationships animals special friendships animals friendship jane dog sandy special young dogs jane sandy spend hours playing sandy jane sandy hearing ear dog trained inform jane deaf sounds hears doorbell ringing alarm clock buzzing smoke alarm sounding jane learned hand signals tell sandy things sit lie jane anxious home track practice jane mother brother joe going bake special dinner fish family caught vacation jane wait taste hi signed jane walked kitchen track practice signed brother jane signed excited upcoming track meet sandy turned upstairs jane going read dinner joe mother backyard pick vegetables family garden jane read suddenly sandy perked ears ran stairs
pictures tell part story fishing contest john darling luck catching fish think john win contest predicted john won win contest luck predict means tell think going happen based happened pictures clues helped predict happen chances making predictions dark cloudy predict rain baseball team playing predict win game predictions read predict story prediction think happened common sense help decide happen read story john sal read predict john win fishing contest john darling working boat erie canal fell love cook sal sal feet tall red hair bright worked nights boat headlight sal liked john lots wanted marry finally john talked sal contest marry catch fish single contest took place oak orchard river piling boats high fish john poor john couldn catch thing fishing getting dark spotted bright light shore
short belle seen san diego zoo grow learning charge jobs grown elephants wrote zoonooz taking care push hit carelessly trunks early zoo thousand animals larger grew belle asked pictures interviews refused soon realized needed newspapers support bring paying visitors started inviting reporters visit zoo grounds pictures ask questions articles written animals zoo housed belle dr harry wanted feel wild space animal set give feeling protect danger animal place eyes visitors belle felt animal contact wanted unnecessarily approached shown signs wanting company animals family groups surrounded plant fresh running water snakes animals benefit san diego mild climate cages larger birds built faces cliffs cliffs places hawks eagles owls nest shore wading birds lived tallest bird cage planted bushes pools connected stream
sumac tucked magic fan waistband ran edge water suddenly face fell left forest carrying precious water prince wish remembered jar exclaimed suddenly heard soft thud sand feet looked discovered golden flask emperor found ashes sumac took flask knelt water edge hissing voice lake attack claws sumac turned stood giant crab large pig trembling hands sumac took magic fan waistband spread open front face soon crab saw fan closed eyes fell asleep sumac started fill flask startled fierce voice bubbling water lake eat threatened giant green alligator tail thrashed water angrily sumac waited creature swam closer held fan alligator blinked slowly quietly sank sound sleep sumac recover fright heard shrill whistle air looked saw flying serpent skin red sparks flew eyes lake bite hissed serpent batted wings head sumac fan saved harm serpent closed eyes drifted ground folded wings began snore
sight airplane commonplace forms air travel known balloon called dirigible invented airplane today joseph montgolfier perched roof barn trying control sheep struggling arms brother etienne shouted encouragement suddenly roof sheep floating earth parachute brothers rigged etienne freed terrified unharmed animal straps sheep escape discussed details descent noting parachute airborne path montgolfier brothers torturing poor defenseless animals strange engaged research realization oldest dreams flight ancient times wanted fly watched birds soar air wanted experience imagined wonderful sensation flight history inventors struggled earth bound feet human race ground montgolfier brothers dream finally true sheep experiments interesting boys father pleased sheep efforts solved secret flight approach dreary joseph sat pondering problem fireplace gazed ashes drifting slowly chimney idea ashes travel upward maybe larger
emperor wanted seize remainder enemy ships emperor blefuscu liliput able residents blefuscu obey rules cut small ends eggs rejected idea emperor angry soon blefuscu peace lilliputians saw asked blefuscu big emperor angrier chief admiral displeased defeated blefuscu navy unable nardac emperor ate food thought dangerous lilliput friend secret tell try escape feared dangerous stay lilliput shore took emperor ships put clothes wet pulled swam blefuscu emperor blefuscu thrilled pleasant liked interest spending rest wanted home saw sea full size boat floating upside asked emperor lend ships help bring ashore sail home
let suppose meet meeting brings sets hereditary qualities products environments react entirely capable judging judge meeting judgment based chiefly factors appearance behavior think fair thing notice look appearance invite closer acquaintance friendship immediately ignore think favorable impression certainly handsome striking appearance chances thing common qualities inheritance gave reaction person dirty skin fingernails mussed hair sloppy clothes chances impression unfavorable associate personal uncleanliness sloppy dress laziness lack respect indifference feelings underlying unattractive appearance corrected judge appearance means senses sight hearing smell touch sensory impressions blend give complete picture chart opposite page shows senses judging basis appearance read chart undoubtedly judging
attractive healthy skin valuable asset appearance look things notice hair reveal personal neatness cleanliness styling fingernails nails indication care pride appearance show emotional upset handshake tell person meeting clothes reflect neatness taste teeth add pleasant smile meet impressions factors flash minds rate care hair involves hair attractive hair comes healthy scalp brushing massaging fingertips stimulates circulation scalp increases delivery nourishment hair follicles blood stimulates oil glands oil hair shaft adds attractive sheen luster normal scalp produces natural oil oily preparations scalp hair tend dry benefit light applications oil massaged scalp scalp preparations lanolin oil extracted sheep wool set rule wash hair depends condition scalp hair surroundings hair oily wash soot dirt cities especially winter months call stepped shampoo schedule
behavior reveals emotions attitudes mannerisms satisfaction dissatisfaction intelligence reflects training receive home influence friends associates educational religious backgrounds things notice person behavior attitude courteous considerate friendly sincere feel comfortable presence answer questions yes person adjusted surroundings speak behavior adaptive person inadaptive behavior hard adjusting selfish conceited touchy sullen pamper humor avoid hurting feelings kind person adapt behavior comfortable responses happen direction part group door suddenly banged shut warning whatsoever jumped involuntary response say involuntary control opened door fastened door stop wouldn slam shut voluntary response control requires intelligence reason ability figure things response voluntary involuntary reason
person mental defenses break longer face stress strain daily escape reality retreat private believe return reality unpleasant loss touch reality identifies class mental illness psychoses severe forms psychoses present totally problem neuroses patient ill person lost touch reality difficult reach adjustments family help reason medical help urgent tragic attached stigma psychoses illness mark weakness character family disgrace psychotic patients denied medical help attitude fortunately attitude changing today fully understand nature psychoses regard illnesses highly important person developing psychosis receive treatment soon early detection increases greatly patient opportunity return normal psychosis single disease forms differ characteristics
public warned approaching epidemic infectious disease virulent type influenza coming europe asia slowly moving population america approaching epidemic brings public reaction rush doctor protective flu shots avoid crowds plenty rest avoid contacting cases flu thousand stricken spite precautions number die flu complications public alarmed finally epidemic passes public relieved suppose epidemic strike case thousand million involved disease affects nervous system judgment impaired efficiency lowered vital organs damaged victims lose mental faculties hours days critically ill admitted hospitals large percentage return careers ruined marriages destroyed families left destitute innocent victims slaughtered highways crimes committed society pays staggering price dangerous disease disease faced epidemic call alcoholism estimate magnitude problem relating directly indirectly beverage alcohol united states today surveys number nation drink alcoholic beverages million
past drug oriented culture threatens future society developed public awareness concern americans ages consumed sleeping pills pep pills diet pills sedatives tranquilizers pill purpose real purpose distressing increase abuse dangerous drugs distort damage destroy user ages involved drug abuse increase drug abuse young recent especially tragic alarming personality growth development young plan futures find places society future unreality distorted drug effects public finally alarmed want increase drug abuse want quick forceful intelligent action bring control march president nixon statement drug problem drug misuse growing national problem hundreds thousands americans young alike endanger health drugs kinds hundred thousand americans lead totally unproductive lives addiction narcotics recent estimate extent drug abuse million americans marijuana greater number million experimented
classify condition impairs damages destroys nerve tissue organic damage occur brain spinal cord nerves extending centers organic diseases varied recent estimates million united states lack normal mental capacity nearly fourths born deficiency rest suffered brain disorder early result brain injury defect body organ influences development brain classify lack normal capacity learning mentally defective degrees mental deficiency commonly recognized idiot lowest mentally defective levels progresses mentality child adult lives completely dependent clothe feed understanding things answer problem idiot provide protective environment special home institution imbecile higher level idiot reach mental level child learns simple things childish possibly provide requires care supervision moron grades presents problem
think bones parts body remain softer organs decomposed durable resist dampness decay impression bones steel beams building strong lifeless living bone remains mounted skeleton living organ richly supplied blood requiring oxygen nourishment growing length diameter repairing responding care give skeleton consists separate bones sizes shapes functions number greater bones fused single bony structures considered separately bones skeleton vary size tiny bones middle ear fraction inch length massive femur bones upper leg shapes bones equally variable cylindrical flat platelike varied functions bones summarize functions follows beams form supporting framework body levers provide muscle attachments function movement body shields protect vital internal organs lie vaults serve principal storehouse essential body minerals factories function centers production red blood corpuscles kinds white corpuscles
exercise muscle vigorously warm exercise draw painful cramp contracts won relax actual temporary lack food oxygen rubbing muscle relax working cramp muscles cramp strenuous exercise constant danger swimming victim drown severe cramp reason avoid swimming deep water abdominal cavity supported sheets muscle ligaments tendons tone muscles holds internal organs normal position weak places abdominal muscles region navel lower groin area sudden pressure abdominal cavity hard cough strain lifting tear separation muscle layer weak place intestine press opening bulge condition called rupture hernia diaphragmatic hernia abdominal organs protrude upward diaphragm emergency problem requires surgery ordinary hernia relieved wearing truss support weak area surgery correct condition hernias common childhood abdominal muscles strengthened fully
conversion meal nutrients required cells involves combined activity highly developed systems body digestion food step step process organs function harmony makes individual contribution total activity complex foods eat dinner table slowly reduced simple nutrients nourish cells chapter determine basic food groups changed end products digestion carbohydrates glucose fats changed fatty acids glycerol proteins simplified basic groups amino acids digestion food requires mechanical action food rolled mouth tongue cheeks ground teeth churned stomach moved intestine squeezing motion mechanical action aids chemical action foods secretions digestive glands situated organs secretions enzymes specific chemical digestion digestion meal requires series enzymes specific chemical change end products digestion simplified chemical form body cells dissolved water order reach cells blood lymph receive digested foods digestive organs transport deliver body tissues digestion foods moved stomach intestines action smooth muscle layers walls organ forming tube
cell maintained constant release energy energy supply cut cell ceases instantly cell absorbs glucose oxygen tissue fluid environment cell glucose molecules split energy released part energy sustains processes cell released heat oxygen carbon dioxide water waste products glucose oxidation absorption oxygen oxidation glucose giving carbon dioxide water constitute respiration refer respiration cellular level internal respiration bloodstream supply line oxygen delivered cells avenue carbon dioxide water removed blood supplied oxygen relieved carbon dioxide water exchange requires entire organ system phase respiration refer external respiration air passages respiratory system bring atmosphere blood environment lungs air movements accompanied breathing think breathing largely automatic course speed slow conscious control inhale exhale times minute normal breathing air enters respiratory passages nostrils illustrated figure hairs nostril openings catch dust foreign particles air
study transportation system ride suppose shrink reporter pinpoint size drop vein carrying blood body heart give ride circulatory system give eyewitness account fascinating trip describe conversation experienced travelers red white corpuscles crawled opening enormous pipe reddish purple corpuscles streaming river yellowish fluid dropped stream washed large room knew upper chamber heart suddenly bottom fell dropped room arrived walls caved swirled tube corpuscle told lungs timed noticed passing branch branch tube getting smaller soon squeezed tiny twisted passage narrow corpuscles lined single file point noticed amazing thing corpuscles reddish purple suddenly changed scarlet corpuscle told taking oxygen left narrow passage branches led passage grew diameter large vein took top heart side place started
recent ecology term largely biologist refers branch biology deals relationship plants animals environment today ecology byword frequently linked distressing words catastrophe destruction disgrace ecology primary concern addition call action century exploiting natural environment cities risen forests stood grasslands reached horizon rivers streams clear pure drains sewers carry refuse sewage thriving cities towns atmosphere pure hangs heavy gases millions automobiles chimneys incinerators fires city dumps impact environmental destruction thoughtlessness felt wildlife ago natural cycles interrupted ecological societies systems destroyed persons concerned busy clearing land mining earth stripping nature resources build industrial empire science technology triumphed nature removed dependence nature happened society felt sufficient trapped destruction piles trash poisoned waters foul air restore waste devastation century ecology mass effort key word key survival
united states injured die result accidents hour spend reading discussing chapter injured die accidents kill young diseases combined accidents leading death persons rank fourth death ages sad fact accidents prevented safety education plan preventing accidents safety thoughtfully planned element surprise accident call accidents things thoughtlessly realizing danger involved fact lucky times took chances leads carelessness carelessness largest factor neglect safety rules safety conscious person weighs consequences order avoid accident learns chances accidents occur home school play national safety council divided accidents general classes motor vehicle public nonmotor vehicle home occupational motor vehicles account percent fatal accidents motor vehicle accidents important devote chapter automobile problems percent fatal accidents occur home percent occur job
truly nation wheels mobile society completely dependent automobile registered motor vehicle united states persons licensed drive cars automobile mixed blessing benefits tragic record death destruction crippling injuries recent approximately traffic deaths personal injuries resulting traffic accidents travel automobile increases death rate vehicle miles traveled shows steady decrease past trend past points inescapably expectation traffic accidents loss lives annually traffic accidents shocking equivalent loss sea amount sinking giant ocean liners loss aboard air mean jet plane crashes plane carrying passengers jumbo jets carrying passengers imagine uproar occur jet airliners began fall sky rate death rate traffic accidents reaches appallingly high totals helpless problem hopeless course sooner later public demand strong measures reverse trend meantime drivers discipline voluntarily wheel severe measures
casey jones john henry davy crockett names heroes special americans songs sung country stories reach books movies television shows stories told times forgotten tales heroes die wonderful stories called legends early times fact legends grandparents children wondering legends truth legends started ways instance stories harriet tubman books civil war read small woman courage faced danger times lead fellow slaves freedom brave began tell wonderful stories told exciting tales daniel boone davy crockett storyteller stretched truth hero deeds stretched truth mile truth tale stretched believable story known tall tale tall tales characters lived stories gotten started began wish loud
lobsters boston british angry crowd screamed redcoats british soldiers marching eyes straight ahead knew colonists tired paying high taxes england knew wanted freedom england harsh rule crispus attucks young friend tom cabin boy stood watching angry shouters crispus sighed tom drive soldiers rule land won let free want free crispus run run easy slave boy tom looked seaman slave master slave free colonies re england thumb crispus nodded tom true took newspaper arm showed boy tom glanced paper threw angrily ground king george plans send warship troops scares robin redbreasts driven shores crispus laughed redbreasts fine grew walked word minutes suddenly crispus tom lad help don help drive redcoats
ago think rip van winkle lived village foot catskill mountains village settled dutch peter stuyvesant belonged england brought change quiet town blue smoke curled chimneys sat sun inn door smoked pipes young worked fields women took care neat spotless homes things peaceful quiet hundred things quiet rip van winkle wife wasn screaming husband dame van winkle nagged rip ran house ran mile stopped breath seeing decided walk forget troubles soon rip dog wolf cool green hills peace quiet sighed rip noise nagging call turnip head potato brain stay walking wolf spotted squirrel chase tree wolf called rip running gun hold hunter hills voice called rip van winkle laughed rip stopped short stared hard wolf
bowleg bill eyes popped head say saw atlantic ocean cliff bigger plains bill pushed twenty gallon hat scratched head colorado cliff bill pals visit sister boston cliff saw ocean eyes true bill shook head mashed potatoes black eyed beans believe ocean bill didn waste leaped pet wild buffalo horses small slow bill whoop holler started east atlantic bill galloped monday nebraska tuesday wednesday took iowa illinois hm thought rode things getting pretty crowded parts call puppy dog houses miles soon bill lake michigan lake erie splashed morning afternoon crossed york massachusetts finally found boston leaving buffalo graze boston common bill set find sea stopped stranger street howdy partner body look ocean supposed
paul bunyan sighed johnny inkslinger save storm poor johnny big pine camp real trouble hour started snow snowstorms maine snowstorms snows maine snows fast hard towns covered say jack frost worst snowstorm johnny inkslinger seen soon started snow big pine camp climbed tallest trees find snow piling higher higher minute longer buried alive paul bunyan johnny wished johnny inkslinger accounts paul camp small worked hard lumberjack office filled top bottom books figures twelve barrels ink johnny office blue floors desk chairs walls johnny hair worked hard fast ink flew working thought numbers front liked johnny kind write letters
message king message king cried young sailor waving letter air run ship home juan ponce de leon spanish governor puerto rico ponce took letter read carefully king spain sending rule puerto rico letter king wanted ponce lead search famous fountain youth fountain supposed seen ponce eyes gleamed search magic fountain exclaimed famous explorer white hairs wanted find fountain youth ponce crew prepared sail find fountain youth drink told happily puerto rico young older sailors cheered wanted young young sailors cheered reasons thinking rich selling magic water ponce sailed weeks weeks searched islands puerto rico sailed places months searching began restless
forty thousand dollars runaway slave asked mighty big reward lady friend laughed lady re talking led sixty runaway slaves north nodded understand looked poster says read write added didn notice lady stopped listen look poster picture poster whispered started turn quickly stooped ground picked newspaper held reading hope paper side thought looked harriet tubman reading paper shook harriet hands walked close sighed turned corner walked quickly large gray house home white friend harriet kitchen nodding friend climbed ladder small door ceiling knocked times whispered door opened slaves climbed ladder beginning dark tonight cross free harriet
workers couldn believe eyes watched boy swung hammer air crash john henry drove spike wooden railroad tie stroke hammer grown able amazed john exclaimed famous grow workers civil war nation needed railroads john henry famous miles track lay single worker hammer hand run set rails drive spike spike side evening john loved walk railroad tracks wife polly walk listen train whistles watch trains rushing past night john mind train ride polly let west virginia re drilling big bend tunnel help happy polly home began plans days passed john polly happy home west virginia john liked job workers liked john
oo oo shrill voice sang night smiled heard whistle locomotive knew engineer casey jones whistle speak sam howard sitting front steps goes thirty train hm guess watch bit slow fix yessir casey cannonball express prompt set clocks evening casey gave whistle toot pulled train railroad yard train stopped fireman sim webb jumped laughing talking yard office stopped laughing saw upset foreman looking worried casey asked wrong plenty groaned foreman engineer train sick bring train need supplies train carrying casey took cap spun hand looked sim sim looked casey fireman knew friend mind sim laughed loud pal sim grinned want casey gray eyes twinkled pulled striped cap head stop worrying told foreman pull number foreman knew tired wanted turn offer knew wouldn answer
george armstrong custer pinned shining silver star general rank red scarf uniform stood window waiting eagerly scout return general wondered news soldier bring suddenly army scout rode view general ran door scout saluted leaped horse custer called impatiently indians sir scout answered sioux indians led sitting bull walked cabin re camped big horn river re wearing full war paint general expected news thousands indians dakotas wanted war soldiers army custer asked sir replied scout outnumber general custer stood silently moment turned bugler cried call troops gathered custer announcement sitting bull warpath braves camped river scout tells outnumber re going attack delay remember sioux fight hard beat surprise short regiment moving big horn horses kicked clouds yellow dust rode single file plains montana
poor bill sitting texas dust watching family wagon bouncing rocky road brothers ten sisters played inside covered wagon noticed brother fallen bill didn call thought maybe kind game watched wagon disappear west waited happen soon wagon sight night began fall coyotes sit hilltops lifting heads howled moon bill thought part game started howl didn howl trying pretty soon howl coyote pup grown coyote heard bill animal ran hill lost child mighty strange looking coyote pup animal thought home anyway coyote pups watched bill led den howled laughter coyote rattlesnake cried pup tail laughed ears pointy teased pulled bill ears prove bill laughed wonderful game thought reached pulled ears pups didn stop
thought strange thing happen valley salt lake utah late farmers busy tending crops women busy housework noon teen age brothers finished playing game hide seek joseph closed eyes count fifty frank william ran find hiding places william climbed tree frank looked jumped barrel joseph closed eyes sun shining opened eyes sun sky dark william called wrong sky william stuck head leaves stared sky big cloud sun biggest storm cloud seen frank hopped barrel called tell father ran barn moments later boys dashing yard father fear eyes looking sky shook head storm cloud army locusts insects eat grain wheat corn minute flat stop father boys raced house
bustling fishing villages settlements gradually sprouted north stormlashed shores massachusetts bay interested cod god energetic group non separatist puritans england organizing massachusetts bay company secured charter crown prompted economic religious motives proposed plant settlement infertile massachusetts area boston soon hub stealing march king church newcomers brought charter kind constitution reach royal authority steadfastly denied wanted separate church england impurities mother country highly orthodox archbishop laud snorted bay colony puritans swine rooted god vineyard massachusetts bay enterprise singularly blessed massive expedition eleven vessels hundreds colonists started establishment larger scale english colonies distinctive feature large proportion fairly prosperous members middle class including unusual number university graduates dukes don emigrate saying goes enjoy wealth security ordinarily expose lives wilderness power deep religious convictions attested presence massachusetts pillars society notably governor john winthrop
anglo french colonial wars started europe tables reversed fourth struggle known french indian war began america touched george washington wilds ohio valley rocked undeclared basis widened titanic conflict seen war fought america europe west indies philippines africa ocean war seas war europe principal adversaries england prussia side arrayed france spain austria russia bloodiest theater germany frederick deservedly won title repelling french austrian russian armies manpower odds london government unable send effective troop reinforcements liberally subsidized gold luckily english colonials french wasted strength european bloodbath unable throw adequate force america conquered germany declared britain statesman william pitt previous intercolonial clashes americans revealed astonishing lack unity colonists nearest shooting responded generously volunteers money enjoying safety remoteness indians laughed inability colonials pull
control british ministry seized gifted erratic champagne charley townshend deliver brilliant speeches parliament drunk rashly promising pluck feathers colonial goose minimum squawking persuaded parliament pass townshend acts important regulations light import duty glass white lead paper tea townshend deferred sensitive colonials making tax unlike stamp act indirect customs duty payable american ports flushed recent victory stamp tax colonists rebellious mood impost tea especially irksome estimated million persons drank cup cheers tipplers alcohol townshend revenues worse pay salaries royal governors judges america standpoint efficient administration london reform overdue ultra suspicious americans beaten royal governors line controlling purse regarded townshend tax attempt enchain worst fears took greater reality london government passing townshend taxes suspended legislature york failure comply quartering act non importation agreements previously potent quickly revised townshend acts proved effective devised stamp act
jackson spoils system rewarding political supporters public office introduced federal government large numerical scale percentage basis jefferson reluctance discrimination large beginning jackson ruthlessness extended complaining clamoring public tit suck treasury basic idea politics later senator marcy classic remark victor belong spoils enemy system secured firm hold york pennsylvania greased machines operating professional politicians ladling gravy office able politics full business sideline emphasis spoils responsibilities house cleaning sort washington clearly needed party overturn occurred defeat federalists produced wholesale evictions ensuing twenty festering evils developed civil service colonial system ideal holding office behavior bred incompetence corruption considerable indifference insolence uncivil servants office holders commissions signed president washington lingering eighties drawing breath salary jackson fully shared view democracy neighbor equally
called oregon country enormous wilderness sprawled magnificently west rockies pacific ocean north california line present southern tip alaska panhandle substantial parts immense area claimed nations spain russia britain united states claimants dropped scramble spain raise banner oregon bartered claims united states called florida treaty russian bear retreated line treaties america britain remaining rivals field british claims oregon strong portion north columbia river based squarely prior discovery exploration treaty rights actual occupation important colonizing agency flung hudson bay company trading profitably indians pacific northwest furs americans part point pridefully exploration occupation captain robert gray stumbled majestic columbia river named ship famed lewis clark expedition ranged overland oregon country pacific shaky american toehold ultimately strengthened presence missionaries settlers sprinkling reached grassy willamette river valley south columbia
polk wanted california war war hoped fight limited scale pull won prize dethroned mexican dictator santa anna exiled teenage bride cuba let known american blockading squadron permit slip mexico sell country discreditable intrigue finally carried double crossing santa anna styled napoleon west rallied mexicans desperate defense soil american operations southwest california completely successful general stephen kearny led detachment troops famous santa fe trail fort leavenworth santa fe sunbaked outpost drowsy plazas easily captured kearny reach california fertile province won war broke captain john fremont dashing explorer happened dozen armed helping overthrow mexican rule collaborated american naval officers local americans hoisted banner short lived california bear flag republic general zachary taylor spearheading main thrust known rough ready iron constitution incredibly unsoldierly appearance wore mexican straw hat fought rio grande mexico gratifying victories reached buena vista
north south unready war americans inclined gained valuable experience fact partly explains battled terms south fight defensively interior lines needed fewer troops north invade confederacy conquer drag bodily union prodigious task involving area large western europe south scandinavia south win war win independence merely repulse discourage invader draw victory confederate states left independent wanted emancipation proclamations observers conceded south superior moral despite dark stain slavery fighting determination government peculiar social structure hearth home fundamental freedoms whites slaves favorite slogans death dishonor altars firesides south talented officers beginning conspicuous dozen rate leaders general robert lee florid face graying hair knightly bearing poise magnanimity sense honor embodied southern ideal president lincoln unofficially offered command armies north virginia seceded lee felt honor bound native
disputes diplomatic arena likewise pressed attention immediately ominous presence strong french army mexico din civil war napoleon iii enthroned austrian tool archduke maximilian ruins crushed republic flagrant violation monroe doctrine north convulsed war pursued walk eggs policy france shooting stopped secretary seward speaking authority nearly million bayonets turned heat napoleon realized costly gamble doomed reluctantly took french leave ill starred puppet crumpled ingloriously mexican firing squad death monroe doctrine took embittered relations england easily handled northerners nursed vengeful memories british sympathy confederates highlighted alabama british built pirates american anger directed canada despite vigilance british authorities southern agents actively plotted burn northern cities confederate raid vermont banks plundered american citizen killed hatred england especially virulent irish americans civil war veterans sought help ould oireland striking north raised tiny armies consisting hundred green launched invasions canada notably
ulysses grant training aptitude civilian office predecessors rate professional soldier turned rate president mighty economic social sweeping country newly arrived politican blissfully unaware deeper currents military expected heel clicking obedience orders secretaries generals white house butler mess sergeant general grant chose cabinet secrecy night assault richmond sharing thoughts mrs grant choices revealed experts dumbfounded cabinet hodgepodge scraped regard usual political geographical niceties embraced personal acquaintances incompetents money getters grant tenaciously loyal failed repeatedly business unduly impressed succeeded naming cabinet grant rules house grant movement check grant movement stood loyally heel able highminded sheer luck managed land cabinet soon squeezed noteworthy exception secretary hamilton fish wealthy yorker home grant wined dined fish lasted entire proved happy accident ablest secretaries
foreign affairs absorbed roosevelt bullish energy traveled extensively europe enjoyed intimate knowledge predecessors spanish american war emphasized need constructing talked canal printer ink flowed anxious americans learned dramatic object lesson battleship oregon stationed pacific coast outbreak hostilities full speed dash south america join fleet cuban waters alarmists speculated happened arrived battle santiago spanish fleet stronger isthmian canal plainly augment strength navy increasing mobility waterway easier defense recent acquisitions puerto rico philippines hawaii facilitating operations american merchant marine initial obstacles path canal builders legal geographical terms ancient clayton treaty concluded britain united states secure exclusive control route america british cousins willing yield ground confronted unfriendly europe bogged south african boer war conceded hay pauncefote treaty gave united states free hand build canal conceded fortify
agitation sharp reduction high dingley tariff gained momentum reign roosevelt rough rider adroit despite apparent rashness tackle dynamite laden issue outcries reform finally overwhelming republican platform unequivocally pledged tariff revision saying revision taft interpreted promise mean substantial reduction forthrightly announced strive goal clamor tariff revision aspect current progressive crusade progressives considered protective tariff mother trusts regarded existing dingley act contributing high cost living impassioned spokesmen agricultural middle west argued tariff walls hampered importation cheap manufactured goods hurt sale american farm surpluses abroad hidebound guard republicans fed beneficiaries protection content let high dingley tariff stand fellows happy asked leaders shrewd cynical cigar chewing speaker house joseph uncle joe cannon tariff revision sidestepped transparently honest taft true promises called congress special session march called payne bill approved house provided modest reductions proved distasteful senate dominated coterie reactionaries
mexican volcano erupted atlantic seaport tampico april small party american sailors arrested united states navy launch plainly displaying stars stripes captives promptly released expressions regret hotheaded american admiral demanded formal apology salute twenty guns huerta defiantly refused salute flag nation recognize ruler mexico wilson heavy hearted stubbornly determined eliminate huerta congress ask authority force mexico days heated debate permission granted april earlier wilson ordered naval units seeking intercept german merchant ship carrying arms huerta capture city vera cruz marines sailors gained objective cost lives americans mexicans say wounded war hysteria swept united states full dress shooting conflict inevitable critical juncture wilson rescued point return abc powers argentina brazil chile fearful mexican war tendered offices washington promptly gratefully accepted upshot meeting niagara falls mid nations concerned represented results inconclusive united states able show determination crush mexico
uncle sam regarded latin america backyard southern neighbors feared resented powerful colossus north president kennedy extended warm hand friendship alliance progress alianza para el progresso hailed marshall plan latin america primary goal help neighbors close ghastly gap calloused rich wretched poor quiet communist agitation results disappointing alliance progress american handouts positive impact latin america staggering social problems kennedy struck border mailed fist inherited eisenhower administration cia backed scheme topple fidel castro power invading cuba communist exiles trained armed americans central america supported american air power invaders trigger popular uprising sweep victory planners predicted fateful april exiles landed cuba bay pigs kennedy decided outset direct intervention ancient aircraft match castro air force addition popular uprising greeted invaders invasion bogged bay pigs kennedy stood fast decision hands bullet riddled band surrendered rotted cuban jails eventually ransomed million worth american drugs supplies
bombshell exploded senator ervin committee july presidential aide reported presence white house bugging equipment installed president authority nixon conversations person telephone recorded tape notifying parties electronic eavesdropping taking place nixon emphatically denied prior knowledge watergate burglary involvement cover dean sensational testimony checked white house tapes senate committee determine telling truth months nixon flatly refused produce taped evidence partly grounds weaken presidential office successors took refuge principles including separation powers executive privilege confidentiality constitutionally dubious especially cover crime obstruct justice common conclusion nixon innocent strengthen presidency promptly making evidence prove innocence widely correctly interpreted confession guilt defiant affirmation president held law anxieties white house deepened vice president agnew nixon lifted relative obscurity forced resign october evidently involved watergate related crimes accused taking bribes kickbacks maryland contractors governor vice president
black scored notable advances post war period hill climb reaching equality blatant segregation public facilities rapidly relic past number black elected officials climbed mark including hundreds south eighteen congresspersons senators mayors atlanta washington los black white income gap partially closed black families earning average percent income white counterparts black economic gains flowed large part general prosperity basic redistribution nation wealth permanent eradication oppression economy faltered early racial income gap began widen blacks suffered age stigma hired fired black unemployment nearly double whites black teenagers found impossible land kind job women headed black families times rate whites understandably majority husbandless jobless women depended welfare feed children sociologists increasingly emphasized importance home environment success school clear fatherless impoverished black children continued suffer educational handicaps difficult overcome
constitutions provisions found difficulty statutes united states states involve pages indexed facilitate books published titles codes compiled statutes general laws federal government publishes statutes acts called series books entitled united states code usc administrative laws regulations enabling legislation agency law found variety sources practicing attorneys law represented court decisions easy locate case tried lower court appeal appellate supreme court decisions higher court printed book form known report reporter reports easily recognized abbreviation decisions states decisions federal court combined reporter reporters known section country represent recognized abbreviation section country federal court abbreviation court court decisions volumes understand meaning citations references order locate proper volume page volume case found
owning driving motor vehicle minor generally treated adult legal restriction owning motor vehicle motor vehicles include automobiles trucks motorcycles motor bikes motor scooters states snowmobiles discussed later owner certificate title vehicle operated highway certificate registration drive automobile license bailey problem need driver license drive father car course father valid certificate registration requires operator motor vehicle hold valid driver license possession driving vehicle driver license permit operate motor vehicle highways obtain license states require applicant age generally pass examinations examinations vary include driving test test vision test motor vehicle laws road sign recognition test states require photograph fingerprints fee paid prepare high school students pass test required operator licenses schools offer driver education courses states require courses high school graduation states special licenses issued students enrolled driver training students successfully complete approved courses driver training issued licenses taking part required tests
problem mccormick difficulty car took corners garage checked looking car owner gave list parts replaced amounted mccormick later found needed distributor costing parts installed garage proper functioning car rights mccormick garage owner states cities enacted laws similar federal food drug cosmetic act recent laws protect consumers ways legal protection consumers surprisingly extensive york nearly agencies concerned ways administering enforcing laws designed protect consumers california agencies ways states cities look consumer interests follow states enacted statutes designed provide consumers protection fraudulent unfair practices variously titled give consumers individually class action rights unfair advantage damage consumer sue damages court order stopping practices mccormick problem lives statute court action obtain damages reimburse loss enjoin garage owner inflating repair costs car owner
problem lange age summer earnings buy scuba diver outfit bremner sporting equipment learned days later paid charged returned equipment bremner asked refund money lange claimed young enter contract disaffirm sale wished seller required refund amount lange paid law assumes young limited experience business protection immaturity possibility older persons advantage minors disaffirm avoid contracts instances return purchased demand return money lange rights returned scuba diving outfit requested refund wrong claiming young enter contract businessman wishes important contract person legal age require adult sign agreement case adult held liable damages minor disaffirms reason parents frequently asked join signing children contracts necessities parents liable contracts children agree liable
problem peters son purchased expensive suit credit toggery pay store owner martin threatened sue peters promised pay amount due provided martin refrain suing son martin hold peters promise seen giving promising give legally entitled constitute consideration peters case promise martin refrain suing son constituted forbearance consideration promise pay son debt forbearance commonly consideration cases compromise illustrate person injured automobile accident sue damages promise bring suit return promise party pay sum money case compromise debtor creditor honest dispute parties amount owed payment claimed amount consideration creditor agreement release debtor full debtor commends faith debt creditor faith contends parties agree pay accept agreement binding consideration promise refraining promising refrain taking matter court
problem scholten orally agreed sell acres farm belden brick corporation belden later asked scholten sign contract changed mind wouldn sign sell belden enforce agreement form required statute contracts oral written contracts oral telephone carried single face face conversation sale personal property payment delivery goods occur agreement person job ride bus rent apartment enter business agreements formality written contract business scarcely conducted basis kinds agreements later chapter enforced court writing prove existence agreement problem involving sale land types agreement writing belden require scholten fulfill contract written contract required times desirable reduce agreement writing true agreement complex details lead later misunderstandings apply large sums money periods involved especially dealing strangers
problem kim preparing junior prom decide formal gowns buy roxanne dress shop request manager set mother able kim decide night fire undetermined origin destroyed store contents kim pay dresses set ownership pass goods existing identified goods existing goods physically existence ownership seller exist remains put deliverable condition trimming excess fat sides beef goods identified goods selected designated contract involve separating larger group mass marking crating relating contract selection identification mutually seller buyer party mutually agreed problem intent buy gowns selection bought goods identified ownership risk loss remained seller goods existing identified future goods contract sale future goods contract sell ownership risk loss passes agreement
buyer sue dollar damages seller repudiates contract deliver goods amount buyer entitled difference contract price market price learned breach collect incidental consequential damages incidental damages include things reasonable expenses inspect transport care goods rightfully rejected commissions paid obtain replacement goods expenses caused breach consequential damages include losses resulting needs buyer seller reason contract reasonably prevented cover consequential damages extend injuries person property result breach warranty buyer accepted goods notification nonconformity measure damages breach contract loss resulting ordinary course events ordinarily cases breach warranty courts award difference goods accepted warranted warranted product injury victim want cents dollars product cost consequential damages higher happen cleaning fluid advertised harmless fabric caused permanent splotches properly rug
problem hallmacks young newlyweds bought matched set living room furniture golden department store month conditional sales contract goods paid full clear title secured transaction explained chapter creditor holding ordinary debt sue debtor fails pay due goes eventually recover owed debtor general assets debtor ordinary creditors similar claims rights reduce risk creditor insist specific property owned bought debtor security payment claim secured creditor priority creditors property security true debtor goes bankruptcy default recovery generally selling security property creditor acquires agreement termed security interest secured transaction transaction creditor security interest personal property actual possession property pledge property allowed remain possession debtor property involved called collateral secured transaction borrower buyer credit called debtor uniform commercial code refers lender credit seller secured party
holder wants primary party pay instrument present acceptance advance due acceptance promise drawee pay instrument according terms written draft include signature drawee signature accepted date written generally drafts presented acceptance draft presented acceptance presentment required charge drawer indorsers draft limited situations fix date payment draft payable thirty days sight draft states presented acceptance payable drawee place business residence drawee required accept dishonor draft immediately presentment hold draft close business presentment dishonoring examine records determine carefully accept presentment payment required holder wishes fix secondary liability drawer unqualified indorser note draft check required promissory notes maker agreed promised pay presentment required checks drafts due sight
problem wright asked durham manager deluxe supermarket needed part help durham extra business required employee absent durham suggested wright report ready friday contract employment case contracts employment agreement express implied oral written express implied consent parties required establish relation terms employment regulations employee implied agreed worker actually hired firms deduct cents employee late firms withhold weeks wages employees quit notice states laws passed regulating rules preventing enforced workers consent absence statute agreement contrary employee abide company rules lose job terms contracts employment partly express partly implied express portions contract proposed problem wright extra employee depending services needed possibly beginning friday pay days hours duties implied definite length employment stated implied employment terminated
problem johnson widow sole supporter children employed production line united auto body johnson eager overtime found company allowed hour extra male workers put hours overtime single bulletin board saw notice issued equal employment opportunity commission stating unlawful employer discriminate individual respect compensation terms conditions privileges employment individual race color religion sex national origin johnson unlawfully discriminated federal government states enacted laws designed especially protect women workers statutes actually regulate working conditions wages hours create commissions job issue regulations setting detailed standards things lighting ventilation temperature rest lunch periods rest rooms aid sanitary facilities elevator service frequently working conditions apply girls women apply boys age states alabama delaware florida hawaii indiana iowa nebraska west virginia statutes regulations specifically limiting hours women business industry provide women hours week hours hour period cases emergency industries
problem hargrove appointed wife executrix estate naming brother alternate circumstances brother called serve testator designate person administer valuable executor executrix woman important duties compensated assets estate executor executor unable unwilling serve court appoints personal representative job person called administrator administratix woman spouse close relatives favored hargrove problem properly named brother alternate executor serve event wife proved unable unwilling serve testator waived bond executor furnish bond assuring faithful performance duties cost bond paid estate personal administrator generally required give bond commonly corporate administrators bank trust companies need presumed financially responsible death testator presented probate court called surrogate orphan court found valid admitted probate executor qualifies approved gathers protects assets files inventory estate pays outstanding debts taxes distributes remaining property accordance
problem shapiro barron business selling antiques secretly agreed barron buying judge shapiro lifetime chance buy genuine louis xiv dining set song agreed firm bound partners agreement choose regard performance duties sharing liabilities losses persons aware internal agreements partners liable limit obligations firm arise contracts partner scope firm business problem firm partners bound loss results barron seek recovery shapiro violated agreement partnership liable fraud negligence torts committed partner engaged partnership business employer partnership liable torts committed employees engaged company business judgment obtained partnership individual property members seized sold process law satisfaction debt creditors individual partners claim property member compelled pay obligation firm entitled recover proportionate share partners
problem morales recently graduated public business college family recipe barbecued chicken decided fast service food shop classmates morales formed partnership began business government affect project government things individuals need want readily constitution authorizes federal government enact laws common constitutions give local governments similar authority government officials federal local levels cooperate control encourage suppress business practices needed government interacts business countless ways including government assists supports public schools colleges libraries museums enabling persons productive workers perceptive consumers problem morales partners educated public schools supported local federal funds chef later hired trained apprenticeship program conducted jointly local vocational schools unions government promotes competitive business system legislating uniform laws formation corporations partnerships local licensing business firms regulating security issues stock commodity exchanges restraining unfair trade practices monopolies firm small group control supply goods able set price sherman antitrust act clayton act illegal conspire combine restrain free competitive trade acts tend lead monopoly preventing false misleading advertising regulating rates levels service provided water electric gas utility companies
nick nell twins nell pink hat ribbons nick tall red hat nick fun nell fun uncle bill gift twins pet kitten nell nick glad pet kitten pet pet kitten nell nell claps hands nick nell want hug pet kitten kitten small button nick let call buttons buttons wants rest uncle bill cup milk put blanket basket buttons nap warm bed dinner nick cup milk buttons nell put blanket basket buttons drank milk bed nap nell nick sat basket nell nick bed uncle bill twins nap twins want nap nick wanted pet buttons nell wanted sit basket bed twins nell nick nap nap twins ran basket buttons basket buttons buttons called nell buttons buttons called nick buttons lost buttons closet buttons bed hall attic
helen brown lived small town middle kansas kansas land flat flat flat land ponds farms gardens full flowers flat part kansas rocks helen saw lots pebbles helen wanted lots big rocks pebbles garden wall garden end wall helen small rock wall mark end garden hunt rocks helen brown hunt helen hunted hunted saw big rocks summer helen parents trip car kansas helen saw rocks flat flat flat west helen saw hills rocks helen saw tall cliffs solid rock helen saw small flat big tall rocks helen saw rocks sand rocks grass rocks water lots rocks west helen rocks kansas put rocks car dad rocks harm trunk helen fun sam helped helen pick rocks helen put red rocks brown rocks flat rocks tall rocks trunk car helen lots rocks small garden wall kansas home helen put rocks cart
story beginning beautiful island crete lies south greece ruins island tell highly civilized lived ago scientists searching relics found stone palaces paintings pottery ancient crete lived island crete ancient times important story king minos daedalus minos king crete remains palace discovered recent king minos helped crete naval power develop ways cruel tyrant heartless dealing minos died sicily thought find daedalus builder worked sicily minos killed daughter king death body crete stone coffin daedalus fine sculptor builder beautiful buildings king minos employed building things daedalus built king minos series winding passageways blind alleys find passageways special clue passageways pleased king minos king favor changed wind
alexander lived son philip ii king macedonia country bordered greece north philip defeated greece war greece independent city states city government greece part philip kingdom democracy died greece philip wanted son alexander education alexander thirteen father asked famous teach famous greek scholar thinker helped alexander leader alexander twenty father killed alexander king alexander interested letting voice government wanted kingdom ruled king believed form powerful empire combine countries thought countries learn thought exchange goods peoples countries country things countries needed country needed things countries alexander thought peoples big kingdom goods exchanged easily believed prosperous battles alexander took persia parts india asia
tell don dogs track slow moving stream reeds boy listened hear bloodhounds pawing bushes bank rowland walcot known hunters heard hunting talk hunted hill river walls abbey live reach morning uncle thomas mishap sleep abbey tonight tomorrow safely ship missed attacked dozen thieves deer hunting rowland uncle struck servants ran thick wood rowland caught overhanging limb tree swung escaped quickly thieves lost sight leaped tree edge wood bloodhounds picked track chased field reached wood growing darkness put track boughs willow slipped stream hid reeds banks marshy hoped dogs reach
french fishing village babette jacques lived thursday weekday holiday school holiday soon tide brother sister walked sandy normandy beach searched treasures sea left babette collection shells large entered science fair school won prize hoping find interesting shells add collection jacques interest shells searched beach driftwood father crippled wreck father longer trade fisherman money carving articles wood selling finer pieces driftwood excellent carving wooden spoons forks things larger pieces burned fireplace driftwood burned beautifully crackled burned burst flames pink blue yellow jacques father colors salt wood babette jacques walking beach usual thursday afternoon babette find conch shell pink lining satin find conch shell beaches laughed jacques looking gray cold atlantic conches grow warm waters caribbean
babette walked beach saw seaweed sprawling damp coils seaweed member algae family algae cell kinds algae groups algae differ greatly size shape color algae live water found oceans lakes ponds streams live damp mud attached rock soil algae chlorophyll substance makes plants green algae green color kinds brown yellow pigment addition chlorophyll attractive kinds tinted shades red red pigment addition chlorophyll common algae green scum found quiet ponds swamps called spirogyra consists chain thread cells interesting forms algae found oceans called diatoms algae live fresh water cell walls hard shells materials found shells sand diatoms die fall bottom ocean pond form slime babette gathered shells seashore gathered shells collection shells babette shell collection interesting hobby lifetime shells
raju kicked dust road bare feet held fast small yellow rock hand brown eyes sparkled grinned happily raju rich whispered stopped frowning village village foolish smarter rest rich sun india hot raju squatted rest neem tree road trees sight dam built irrigate desert land water grow crops raju father lucky scanty wheat crops raju pulled twig neem tree chewed end frayed brush brushed teeth walked farming camel trader jewel merchant making money burning sun sank lower raju broke trot reach village end gathered storyteller raju kicked dust village cousin village radio loudspeaker neem tree square evening radio told farmers raise crops plant plow harvest told hurricane flood told stories storyteller raju village
morning jimmy fine drop anchor alongside spin yarn strangest cargo carried skipper owner masted schooner tied dock barbados island discharging lumber standing deck saw short red faced climb gangway hurry aft pulled short skipper ship nodded continued listen captain big problem hands maybe help invited cabin told story owner small circus shipped barbados thinking lot money arrival run trouble show united states left ship walked place circus set looked calculated fit schooner ferris wheel merry round ship hold tent bleachers saw animals bears tired lion tiger chimpanzees horses small elephant agreed cages lashed deck covered tarpaulins
today side island bring coconuts saru mother told saru ducked inside palm thatched shack home large brown sack shoulder sackful coconuts headed path crossed small island south pacific ocean climbed hill saru shaded eyes looked sea canoes fishermen glint silvery fish pulled nets water soon fishing canoes promised top hill filled sack coconuts raced lagoon swim dived happily clear water large log floating water caught eye swam fine canoe log saru thought father let tools small canoe holding hands swimming feet pushed dragged log shore pulled end sand float father let saru tools chipped log canoe finished fine canoe aloud
alexander selkirk nice average boy thing unusual terrible temper family friends warned learn control temper tried counting ten felt temper rising didn able past number exploded things later sorry alex stubborn knew wrong apologize stubborn temper going real trouble happened closest friend dampier decided seek adventure joined crew expedition south seas sea alexander hot temper trouble captain dampier hot tempered friend control busy ship alex argument captain argument grew hotter hotter finally captain shouted word bucko set yonder lonely isle waved angrily island lay sailing vessel alex boiling anger retorted lonely island continue sail likes means drop island
war ii navajo indians played major role sending receiving secret messages navajo language difficult outsiders understand navajo soldiers american army job difficult special coded alphabet symbols additional vocabulary terms experts call navajo system unbreakable enemy intercepted coded message sense matter hard tried try conceal messages wartime parents try communicate child understanding message sample explanations brackets friend youngest child continue satirical comments fun elder sibling older brother budding romance parent say watch language pitchers big ears young child trying understand saying parents spell words child young spell able buy spelled children grow older wiser secret ways talking effective parents wait suitable situations talk privately concealing messages saw big words dictionary unlock secret effective concealment methods concealing messages managed codes cyphers
denotation word dictionary definition connotation word suggests denotations easily checked dictionary connotations vary widely situation situation person person beautiful handsome mean pleasing eye look wouldn call beautiful answer lies word beautiful applied paintings music architecture scenery girls women foreigners learning english mistakes connotation connotation words develop personalities words mother friend brother country meadow tend pleasant associations snake trap fear want sly unpleasant associations unfortunately feelings words lead astray snake tends unpleasant associations unthinking persons kill black snakes garter snakes milk snakes help killing large numbers disease carrying destructive rodents snake pile rocks arouse unpleasant emotions word snake covers bad words american briton canadian include bad representatives words suggest dignity cathedral sovereign gracious majestic altar arch humor giggle waddle strut tumble yokel antics strength vigor steel oak beams captain beauty dawn dusk sunset glade grove host qualities person sensitive connotation says grizzled sea captain giggled foolish question
built language errors encourage erroneous view reality words sunrise sunset encourage notion sun moving earth soon lose notion science classes retain errors realizing mistakes fail realize thing word say town depressing snobs western culture molded european languages english english saying things differently japanese hopi indian polynesian differences saying differences seeing eskimo names snow kinds snow kinds words snow prepare words describe aztec indian sees fewer kinds snow word snow ice cold language forces refused turn clock ahead rest community adopted daylight saving real late school step appointments dismissed early sense sun wrong respect obligations society daylight saving matter agreement
chapter review paragraphing find suggestions organizing developing paragraph consider purposes paragraph writing try hand paragraphs say begin ralph waldo emerson wrote talent writer book writing merely knowing indent string words attract hold readers writing substance ideas ask dismay actually ideas daily living reading listening watching experiences home school play special say insist true exactly likes dislikes looking special thoughts friendship subjects young try times look group effort fails write capitalize differences express start single paragraph begin begins unusual incident share bus driver sings names stops comes incident start thinking
large complicated confusing place want understand hopefully control part play chop large buzzing smaller bits classify set boxes words hope manage confusion language largely matter classification classifications determine outlook success job physical language determines act talk prisoners language free understand process swedish naturalist linnaeus hundred ago greatest contribution science set scheme labeling animals plants setting animal categories called phyla provided system pigeonholing forms phylum divisions called classes classes subdivided individual living thing categories extremely helpful scientists enable swiss scientist canadian scientist talking knowing names things sharpens sensitivity field anonymous wild flowers beauty recognize devil paint brush queen anne lace chicory field awareness sharpened setting categories learning names basic human activity pass mustard meet auditorium hand monkey wrench
differ classifying objects differences ironed scientist decides classify fish category note differences similarities fish structure function scientist show significant differences justify classification decision based study fish scientists look fish discuss choice category finally agree minds operate give concept things touch freedom goodness evil beauty calls sunset beautiful store idea sunset worthy word beautiful girl car lawn woodland store abstract idea beauty storing abstraction build concept beauty freedom experiences abstractions vary considerably person person unfortunately aware abstractions vary disagreements classifications beautiful easily ironed disagreement object point actual object quick agreement abstractions actual objects refer ideas words justice honor truth ideas differ greatly freedom speech
anglo saxons germanic invaders established resist newcomers east popular stories alfred king saxons tell exploits combating danish invasion despite alfred efforts later danish king ruled england norse language conquerors words sky rugged scrub added english danish closely related anglo saxon differences pronunciation vocabulary anglo saxons pronounced sc sh danes sk words shirt skirt original saxons regained control england found freedom lasted twenty mario pei pointed danes contribution english saying nim metter sned oxflesh knife cut steak battle hastings william conqueror won decisive victory anglo saxons ruled country norman lords followers norman normandy northern france ruling class hundred french latin vocabulary language english court english government english art society literature conquered language survived true anglo saxons learn french terms words plaintiff jury mutton stubbornly retained vocabulary
english word endings simple adjective expression form change say saw lack change convenience english problem acute forms god godes godum godne goda godan changed form modified masculine feminine neuter noun changed form cases nominative genitive dative accusative matters complicated changed form depending article front twenty possibilities worry simple form trouble didn stop adjectives course words showed similar simple word dozen forms nouns changed form singular plural cases english classical latin modern german inflected language inflection term form express grammatical relationships remnants inflection personal pronouns forms mine inflection nouns generally restricted singular plural boy boys possessives boys boys
eighteenth century fertile period grammar important grammar books appeared joseph priestley robert lowth john ash grammarians generally goals study principles english rules guide student language settle questions divided usage purify language pointing common errors stamping reach goals grammarians approaches reason etymology history words latin greek principal method reason rely analogy consistency backwards preferable backward homewards reasonably preferred homeward slow slow mean roughly logically synonyms unfortunately language simply logical reasonable etymology settling matters averse averse latin origins averse turn suggest averse usage sanctioned averse logic faithful guide approach language problems comparison latin greek doubtful english usage explained terms latin equivalent grammars unlike comparison times tended misleading surprisingly eighteenth century grammarians criticized straitjacketing english grammar period modern doctrine importance usage began find supporters
played tug war hard shelled crab gunwales rowboat understand appreciate brother crabbing cape cod attracted challenging advertisement bay side crabbing area decided rent boat spend blissful hours relaxation water kind assistance veteran crabber expedition failure beginning true landlubbers uncertain thought tying bait slippery bluefish heads fishing lines stocked counter bait salesman rescue superior swish looped line green string hole head fish carefully putting baited lines bottom basket crab bag headed dock rent rowboat facial muscles set feet planted firmly floorboards newly rented boat gripped oars determined clutch began stroke twenty minutes arms later pursued wake curious zigzag design drew rocky cove likely nesting place clawed creatures hunting waited hand held green string fish head attached net lot holes tied string tacked end foot pole
typical house starts morning awakened shrill cheep cheep nancy talking bird house sleeps late weekends nancy family wakes bright sunshiny full pep rarin evening rest beginning wake nancy cross groggy ready fall asleep sister nancy pretty sweet soft hearted stubbornness mule hair trigger temper stentorian voice strength amazon addition characteristics nancy affectionate dismay bestowed fullest affection apparent reason sitting threw arms neck squeezed nancy strength amazon hug grasp grizzly bear squeezed breath quickly didn cry protest finally expected hear neck snap minute released mean speak hugged death unusual objects fascinate nancy gathers brings home bushel room cluttered broken seashells odd shaped rocks jagged bits colored glass collectors items
major literary types readers confuse short story biography biographical essay article represent literary types account general types purposes manners presentation let consider turn prose narrative weaving plot incidents form connected story based actual events essentially fictional novels frequently classified ways historical detective adventure western psychological romantic gothic science fiction short story hand short prose narrative characterized greater compression frequently strives single effect emphasize plot character setting theme center single incident short words short short story run common range words biography narrative elements essentially story person told person attempts interpret person motives restricts objective evidence factual material inevitably reveals measure viewpoint author biography ordinarily limits reproducing conversations details actually recorded biographical leeway
donald lay scarcely muscle moved hands gripped short grass toes dug dry earth carefully raised elbows looked prairie father unfenced hay flats outlaw band wild horses feeding quietly rich grass drank small hillside stream donald tried count suddenly began moving suddenly donald attention drawn black stallion moved sureness horses hay flats prairie donald father farm boy girl dreamed riding black stallion stallion beautiful animal huge powerful donald gazed strong legs proud head ride thought donald father farmers dream dreamed capturing stallion led hundreds farm horses outlaw band band horse lost farm donald watched stallion thought horses father lost red mare low hills stood motionless moment graceful head held high black stallion stopped short nickered mare nickered bolted direction stallion
dream began sitting bleachers mobile alabama watching york yankees st louis cardinals play exhibition game hope someday major league ballplayer soon thought entered mind hank aaron realized difficult play team cardinals yankees hank black black players major leagues thought hopeful hank felt meantime ballplayer ready chance hank began playing softball elementary school team later played catcher shortstop high school team hit ball outfielder head felt closer goal soon black team called pritchett athletics offered hank position team dollars game mobile black bears asked play paid teenage hank aaron dollars apiece games week money welcome hank parents children history major leagues team signed black player jackie robinson robinson stuck brooklyn dodgers hank black players felt sure chance
asked white queen don alice lost count suppose alice lost count white queen simply held ten fingers asked course alice needed glance say ten white queen held ten fingers alice answered ten counting alice showing number sense mathematicians speak number sense mean able number things group count look group pebbles likely say pebbles group count count things track let read lived ago records ago sheep track pebbles sheep pen night pebble dropped pot morning sheep left pen pebble removed pot pebble left pot sheep left pen person keeping track knew sheep missing
atalanta father powerful king young want marry don choose don choose father atalanta choose sure choose marry course marry king married intend atalanta told home marry king decided choose young marry told atalanta hold race winner swiftest fleetest runner win marry atalanta clever girl swift runner saw win argument race let race winner accept wishes young win race king agreed atalanta plan thought marry daughter enjoy fine racing directed messengers travel kingdom announcing race wonderful prize chance marry bright atalanta
febold feboldson prairie holding kite string big steve walking daisy rock hog heels howdy neighbor febold called howdy answered big steve nice flying kite febold laughed till hat fell pointed string sky look kite asked big steve squinted sky looks young tornado febold cried triumphantly experimenting help tie string cottonwood tree febold held tornado big steve tied loose end string tree double square knot trying nebraska weather explained febold matter asked big steve colder blazes winter hot summer florida weather winters answered febold big steve pipe shouted febold slapping thigh looked big steve going lay pipe don need pipe bore tunnel business say re mister interrupted febold tunnelman big steve cried febold re night febold hut prairie big steve studied map
amelia thompson sat log bench leaned cabin warm june sunshine felt face sewing cluster tiny yarn flowers green vest looked parents cabin put potatoes cook reminded mother eli lunch yes mama antone wish gifts jacobs mother father mary thompson replied philip jacobs understands corn crop ready month share late freeze ruined corn turned amelia dark amelia watched parents follow path woods bay row jacobs place sewing remembering mama stories norway girls needlework hours amelia couldn remember norway family america amelia barely later thompsons settlers wisconsin wilderness cleared land built cabin planted corn oats potatoes papa told wouldn easy philip jacobs looked half grown pig sturdy log pen
wondered television programs planned air taking trip television station find bit goes tv screen tv programs watch staged room called studio large stations studios studio set variety show studio set news program studio game show studio play studios large stages theaters seats audience studio pictured kind show staged look carefully equipment needed bring favorite news program tv screen equipment tv show place impossible actors newscasters completely hidden cameras lights microphones important piece equipment tv studio camera cameras mounted small truck called dolly dolly makes camera move move wrist tv camera dolly photograph performer scene heights angles today tv cameras carried hand driven truck news event sports contest
sabina hall ran front steps reached doorbell doorbell doorbells bina parents classmates parents button controlled lever dropped heavy weight floor thud thud vibrated bina parents feel doorbell ring parents deaf hear speak communicate sign language hand gestures formed words phrases bina hesitated rang bell mother resting didn expect bina home duty hospital bina worked candystriper volunteer helped nurses drop books disturb mother put key lock opened door drawn kitchen delicious smell roasting meat cookies milk leaving hospital bina put books desk living room piece paper fell floor stooped pick recognized mother handwriting half finished letter mrs gibson head dear mrs gibson sabina birthday nineteenth give surprise birthday party names friends hospital
washington room big city block ceilings high twist neck united states represented room airplane submarine rocket machine makes nails motor noise small things safety pins sardine cans powdered soup cardboard dolls million things huge room course building stretched outer space hold room special film called microfilm explanation object photograph put microfilm microfilm thousands files walls huge room home inventions worn enjoyed united states inventions file room part united states patent office careful records microfilm file mixed invented invented room find invented
marguerite shut front door gently waken rest family stood moment street french village drew deep breaths fresh morning air perfect spring sort makes joyful simply alive marguerite downhearted slowly harbor pebbly beach father fishing boat nets hanging bow left ill night heard mother say boat sold poor maman counting francs left wooden box marguerite put hand worn blue hull father fisherman return prison camp war loved boat mile english channel sailed illness able fish damp air cold bad health marguerite brother jacques believe doctor father find occupation mother sighed shaken head understood husband loved sea realized occupation knew marguerite pushed wisp straight black hair eyes
part maine coast larry rollins family spend summers tide rises falls feet incoming tide pours filling skagaway bay giant rocks completely covered outgoing tide exciting watch loose seaweed driftwood rush dock lobstertrap buoys shore lean open sea boy don want caught larry tell younger brother sister end europe larry heard warning father asked family boat bay re salty father say boats interested larry talk hours design power speed larry sat weathered dock front summer cottage looked sound engine closer jumped feet hi captain hunter called waving arms excitedly lined deeply tanned face peered cabin lobster boat captain hunter turned wheel skillfully hand waved hi bub called going pull lobster traps figured boy wait till ask mom larry ran dock cottage
living thing natural environment acts living thing interaction known balance nature relationship living things environment called ecology scientists special study environment called ecologists recent lay scientists concerned ecology article tells concerns upsetting balance nature creates dangers destroy land animals plants live ecologists talk balance nature word interdependence interdependence affect animals plants cows eat grass order live give milk grass soil grow soil mut loose moist rich minerals metals soil removed mining soil stripped grass longer grow grass cows die cows milk cheese cream butter beef interdependence cows grass obvious easily balance nature upset kind ecological problem reading think word ecology comes greek word oikos means house sense earth house
jimmy stood attention rest crew deck submarine felt proud strangely unhappy school tough weeks training held fast thought looked forward part special bond friendship submariners spoke feeling working dangerous job wrong jimmy felt outsider don wondered stared deck thought steel skin underfoot lifted rolled swell green black water fishlike submarine tugged moorings jimmy experienced sense happiness sense belonging intense bond submariners noted school jummy remembered tests head whirled flying colors didn listened mixture pride fear commander philips spoke group lined deck brand commander philips re going give shakedown cruise ships thing goes wrong dangerous
margaret mead wrote article read anthropologist anthropologist scientist studies ways parts dr mead famous studies lived islands pacific ocean books wrote experiences textbooks anthropologists article youth written especially young ago page dr mead suggests questions classmates asking young initiation guinea primitive tribe small branch sepik river performing ceremony center tribal tribes part guinea youth preparing boys role husband study tribal ritual anthropologists traveled remote parts earth study primitive living lived tens thousands wanted learn styles human beings growing learning skills getting married raising families watched elders tribe assembled group boys size boys size elders didn track age size maturity hamlets build large temporary structure
imagine turned million beginning ice age north america fields ice covered northern part continent countryside city los california looked today wide valley called rancho la clumps trees bushes sprinkled tall grass east silver thread river seen foreground lay strange looking pools surrounded bare black patch ground grow pools half liquid asphalt resembling tar fact pools asphalt known today tar pits times bubbles oil terrible smelling gas broke rain surface covered inches water water drinkable dry weather film windblown dust tar look solid ground saber toothed tiger awakened sleep powerful beast dreaded killer country short tail huge front legs side upper jaw inch teeth grew downward curved sabers sharp pointed wasn tiger looked tiger called country belonged saber toothed tiger strength ferocity terrible teeth
cartoon hare reading quickly tortoise reading slowly think reader answer question tell purpose animal reading reading suppose animals reading exciting story case animals readers tortoise wants read detail carefully likes read tortoise hare wait going happen reading fast hare suppose animals trying find book general tortoise wasting lot reading word finally suppose animal studying math book reading quickly hare missing important details reading speed affected material re reading reason reading read judge re going fast slow reading suppose library bookstore found book title gadgets find book skim book skim book article chapter purpose general idea
hot air escaping chamber caused candle flame flicker eyes grew accustomed light details room emerged slowly mist saw strange animals statues gold glint gold words archaeologist howard carter describe happened looked tomb king tutankhamun king tut boy pharoah ancient egypt king belonged civilization developed thousand fascinates today discovery tomb beginning dream true carter partner lord carnarvon searching ten desert area nearly miles upriver cairo egypt valley kings burial ground pharaohs tombs found king tut unlike pyramids tombs earlier pharaohs tombs underground pyramids tombs built secret passages fake doorways hopes discouraging robbers things stopped robbers entering looting tombs howard carter believed find king tut tomb remembered glazed cups painted vases shawls king tutankhamun seal found earlier valley kings
summer earth parched dry think sun god apollo headstrong child phaethon according myth characters figure sun close earth nearly burned cinder happened phaethon son apollo nymph laughed friends claimed sun god father complained mother asked give proof apollo father told apollo provide proof advised visit sun god phaethon traveled east land sunrise throne apollo stopped distance unable closer dazzling splendor apollo presence apollo called ask phaethon cried proof apollo father moved boy plea apollo put dazzling beams approached son embraced boy promised proof devotion grant phaethon request phaethon ambition modern boy asked permission drive family chariot instance chariot chariot sun apollo immediately realized rash promise
danae daughter king argos bore jupiter son banished native land father seriphus country exile danae son perseus treated kindness perseus grown manhood king seriphus fell love danae wishing perseus gave seemingly impossible task perseus task conquer gorgon medusa terrible monster laid waste country medusa weapon face combat face horrible turned stone looked hair composed hissing serpents petrified bodies looked perseus started hopeless quest fortunately obtained help minerva mercury minerva lent bright shield mercury knife cave sisters hags single eye passed need perseus bided favorable moment snatched eye passed price restoration demanded guide helmet pluto makes wearer invisible winged shoes pouch mercury secured
story expedition argonauts legends investigators believe actually historical basis tale foundation fact fiction chief interest today lies thrilling narrative fascinating characters voyage story begins thessaly ruled pelias boyhood youth nephew jason heir throne jason grown demanded crown pelias reluctant yield throne thought clever plan getting rid jason arranged banquet bards narrated stirring stories achievements past heroes flattered jason telling young embarking adventure jason imagination inflamed listened stimulating tales pelias crafty hints glory awaiting finally minstrels sang fabulous golden fleece according story winged ram fleece gold ram sacrificed golden fleece hung tree land colchis obtained brave slay dragon guarding
reached cave found empty cyclops pasturing fat flocks looked interest food abundance baskets filled cheeses pans swimming milk cream lambs kids separated according size urged cheeses lead animals ships didn listen wanted meet cyclops receive stranger gifts happened gifts pleasant companions lit fire waited eating cheeses bundle dry wood fire threw shout terrified hid cave drove animals cave milking closed entrance huge rock milked animals spied cried place merchants sea robbers ready kill killed gain trembled words feared monstrous size heavy voice comfort answer greeks home troy driven course wind storm
queen dreadful woe bid recall greeks overthrew troy part played story wish disasters try conquered greek leaders devised huge wooden horse sides put chosen soldiers retreated ships stealthily side island troy thought troy opened wide gate joyfully deserted greek camps stayed achilles pointed battle lines trojans wondered huge wooden horse counseled horse city urged destroy took sides argued horse laocoon priest poseidon ran foolish mad think foe think greek gift free treachery don odysseus greeks hidden inside horse designed destroy don trust horse fear greeks bearing gifts spoken hurled spear straight side horse spear quivered horse sounded hollow moment destroyed horse spot troy standing
king arthur held round table full glory according custom sat banquet hall beginning meat awaiting adventure noon sir gawain spied window horseback squire foot alighted squire horses taller foot half sir gawain king sir meat hand strange adventures arthur meat kings knights round table prisoners slain battle high feast number hundred fifty present round table fully complete hall richly clad finest young fairest seen leaning shoulders large tall broad shoulders handsome face largest beautiful hands saw soon king arthur saw place room strange high dais saying word tall young pulled easily stretched straight saying king arthur god bless fair fellowship especially fellowship round table
wonderful east morning sun appears cave lined mother pearl house dawn ago days indians llamas longer ago flood brothers dwelt house dawn eldest brothers huge called giant seen youngest brothers tiny called sprite coniraya call coni short brothers betwixt eldest brother big strong travel beautiful pearl lined house dawn home climbed high reached top tallest mountain peak wonderful country looked mountains fleecy clouds glad bold find admiringly stroked muscles powerful legs strength traveled distant home high peak strongest legs flexed muscles arms strongest pair arms boasted looked test
czar journey met poor jewish farmer cultivating field czar saw farmer hair gray beard black filled wonder explain mystery czar asked hair head gray beard black beard didn start growing bar replied jew hair head older hair beard turned gray clever cried czar admiration promise word honor repeat explanation allow reveal secret seen hundred times czar continued journey return home assembled ministers wise counsellors put puzzling question told answer speak king cried wise asked czar hair head gray hair beard wise remained mute astonishment answer month think czar answer wise devoted single solution problem czar put
king egypt called rhampsinitus rich greedy tried money wanted house full gold silver servants brought puzzled put thought hide rest sleep night fear thieves riches mason told build strong room windows single door locks room built corner palace outer wall faced roadway house finished rhampsinitus carried silver gold secretly room filled riches jars full gold round walls full diamonds pearls rubies jaspers middle room heap coins shone brightly dismal place look cheerful king rhampsinitus thought happier sleep soundly fancied able steal money
beard announced approaching manhood words boy expressed repeated conversations strong desire discouraged parents father inconsiderable traveler reached end singular add interesting adventures cousin mother side took liking fine forward youth inclined gratify curiosity eloquence effect mine father consented accompanying voyage island ceylon uncle resided governor sailed amsterdam dispatches states holland circumstance worth relating happened voyage wonderful effects storm torn roots number trees enormous bulk height island lay anchor wood water trees weighed tons carried wind amazingly high appeared feathers small birds floating air miles earth soon storm subsided fell perpendicularly respective places took root largest happened blown air wife honest couple branches gathering cucumbers part globe vegetable grows trees
brothers enjoying comfortable occurred travel lands felt longing countries islands money large sum purchased goods merchandise suitable travel packed bank river found handsome vessel numerous crew equipped embarked bales set sail voyage pleasant passed sea sea island island place cast anchor sold bought goods continued beautiful island abounding trees bearing ripe fruits flowers diffused fragrance birds warbled inhabitants master anchored vessel island ashore wandered island rest rested spring pure water trees food sat place eating god allotted breeze sweet place pleasant soon fell asleep enjoying sweet breeze awakened found left vessel passengers remembered left island
brothers hear story voyage wonderful preceding stories hitherto related returned voyage resided city baghdad length perfect prosperity happiness soul desirous travel diversion longed commerce gain profits meditated bought abundance goods suited sea voyage packed departed city baghdad city el coming bank river beheld vessel merchants passengers worth kindness embarked vessel departed expectation fortune safety proceeded sea sea island island city city place diverted selling buying utmost joy happiness pursuing course midst roaring sea master looked quarters sea slapped face plucked beard rent clothes uttered cry master news answered passengers wind prevailed driven course midst sea
times past poor indian living wife children beautiful part country poor inexpert procuring food family children young give assistance poor kind contented disposition thankful spirit received disposition inherited eldest son arrived proper age undertake ceremony fast kind spirit guide guardian wunzh obedient boy infancy pensive thoughtful mild disposition beloved family soon signs spring appeared built customary lodge retired spot distance disturbed solemn rite meantime prepared immediately commenced fast days amused mornings walking woods mountains examining early plants flowers rambled woods felt strong desire plants herbs berries grew aid species eat possessed medicinal poisonous juices
voyage hudson remember kaatskill mountains dismembered branch appalachian family seen west river swelling noble height lording surrounding country change season change weather hour produces change magical hues shapes mountains regarded wives perfect barometers weather fair settled clothed blue purple print bold outlines clear evening sky rest landscape cloudless gather hood gray vapors summits rays setting sun glow light crown glory foot fairy mountains voyager descried light smoke curling village shingle roofs gleam trees blue tints upland melt fresh green nearer landscape village antiquity founded dutch colonists early times province beginning government peter stuyvesant rest peace houses original settlers standing built small yellow bricks brought holland latticed windows gable fronts surmounted weathercocks
story tell border country massachusetts joins vermont hampshire yes dan webster dead buried thunderstorm marshfield say hear rolling voice hollows sky say grave speak loud clear dan webster dan webster ground begin shiver trees begin shake hear deep voice saying neighbor stands union answer union stands stood rock copper sheathed indivisible liable rear ground told youngster biggest country president biggest thousands trusted god almighty told stories stories patriarchs stood speak stars stripes sky spoke river sink ground walked woods fishing rod killall trout jump streams pockets knew putting fight argued case turn harps blessed shaking earth underground
margie wilson small dachshund tagging heels burst drugstore nearly collided tall magazine rack sorry margie grinning didn smile embarrassed margie hurried soda fountain friend jean working matter asked jean rush phillips margie mrs phillips called say accident don think wants hospital dropping tommy house margie dachshund tiger friendly phillipses margie started sitting tommy earlier summer suddenly tiger dashed margie twisting leash ankles jean won able swim later fact don think swim bending untangle tiger looks real storm coming straightening margie saw tall watching avoiding eyes headed door fun jean called turning tug tiger magazine rack hastily turned pushing door open margie ran margie walked blocks home opened door phone rang margie mrs phillips voice sounded worried
twenty fourth august dawned hot sultry lived pompeii herculaneum stabeii yawned stretched reason believe cities crater volcano vesuvius belched familiar cloud black smoke drifted slowly sea carried gentle salt breeze slaves busily attended masters needs rich wandered baths women talked discussing latest word court rome commenting newest goods arrive alexandria suddenly cities shuddered force violent explosion top vesuvius burst open hurling mushroom smoke rose sky creation nuclear scientist smoke rolled face sun turning dusk hurried ask protection household gods herculaneum stood coast shadow vesuvius terrifying avalanche mud volcanic ash water bowling town filled gutters rose doorsteps houses shops flowed rooms terrified women children splashed mire seeking safety thought found thick mud rose higher higher pouring windows cascading sloping tiled roofs courtyards burying path
imagine flames don burn flash floods don damage falls story buildings don result broken bones unlikely things happen movie making moviemakers create weather movie screen shows heavy snowfall hurricane fire flood fall pretty sure moviemakers tricks actually outdoor movie scenes place inside huge sound stages sudden downpour rain slow steady drizzle comes overhead sprinklers flood created pushing button release thousands gallons water view tank water longer needed pumped tank lights movie set switched sunny turned create shadows dimmed show soft moonlight switch create rainbow scenery movies order painted backdrops mountains deserts film trees preserved special method moved place needed movie tricks designed actors lives easier performer trapped falling rock lot safer rock foam rubber minerals ore natural rock create unreal appearance film
small village southwestern france schoolboys met discuss spend hot summer afternoon bored queroy estreguil coencas marcal quick agree queroy turned ravidat oldest group suggestion knees ravidat held small wirehaired terrier robot dog panting heat cooler hill ravidat slowly breeze hot climb hill coencas grumbled couldn hotter estreguil think idea don marcal marcal answer ravidat feet robot wants look rest grumbling soon boys wirehaired terrier left houses village told expedition embarking history laughed idea sides vezere valley rise height part steeply smooth grassy slopes enormous masses whitish rock piled top region known archaeologists searched records primitive found plenty relics including skeletons woman child
spring cold young sister brother disguised serving boys pulled brown homespun cloaks closer street london bridge catherine walked slowly arthur tried think tired thin face eleven brother dragging left foot catherine thoughts older brother james earl farnsworth sighed knowing james depended twelve girl lame boy james left nobles danger leave find safe place catherine arthur king richard searching main road dressed peasant fled night taking refuge chapel london bridge safe today catherine arthur brother bridge countryside safe richard ii hearing horses hooves catherine quickly pushed arthur safety doorway king richard whispered arthur catherine face paled horsemen dismounted front inn chapel think james hiding lower chapel boy face grew pinched james bitterly
emperor palace splendid china entirely porcelain delicate careful break loveliest flowers grew garden beautiful tied silver bells tinkled pass noticing beauty garden large head gardener didn ended deep garden forest tall trees lovely lakes forest stretched sea blue deep tallest ships sail close shore branches trees forest lived nightingale sang sweetly poor fisherman things stopped listened night pull nets beautiful song fisherman say night bird sang fisherman listen song say thing beautiful song countries travelers emperor city admired porcelain palace lovely garden heard nightingale sing loveliest returned countries travelers wrote books city palace garden forget nightingale song mentioned beginning
marie delores villegas nickname delores lolis called live matamoros city mexican tamaulipas matamoros rio grande texas city brownsville brownsville called gateway mexico cross rio grande school brownsville girls boys matamoros school class sixty forty pupils mexico tell school let tell bit country mexico country exciting land land volcanoes hurricanes land ancient ruins modern cities land deserts jungles snowcapped peaks land beach resorts bustling marketplaces colorful fiestas land coffee plantations oil wells silver mines mexico centuries history land mayan indians toltecs aztecs aztecs spanish adventurer hernando cortez set conquer cortez sailed cuba seeking gold glory mexico small army hundred foot soldiers guns twenty horsemen news landing reached aztec emperor montezuma horsemen huge feet swords spoke lightning thunder
believe monsters kind tv movies kind reported newspapers instance shepherds himalaya mountains claim seen shaggy giant call abominable snowman fishermen loch ness scotland say seen monster lake big railroad car decide stories true meet young names randy creath cheryl ray live murphysboro illinois strange happened andy cheryl junior murphysboro township high told interview ten clock night walked cheryl home randy sitting porch talking heard move trees brush fifty feet threw rocks happened closer look twenty thirty feet randy cheryl added saw big white coming weeds ran turn porch light shouted mother call police randy cheryl caught randy nearly reached clump bushes suddenly froze
window looked carl koplin knew reason laughter shouting fresh blanket snow covered town valleyview sun hundreds pairs skis poles closets garages attics snowy slopes eagle knoll encourage town skiing skiing streets hey carl shout front carl crossed room front window beth miller powdery stop porch steps ordinarily beth call carl running downstairs let morning carl knew beth wanted feet heavy front porch breakfast beth asked breathlessly mon carl mon snow perfect eagle knoll fast today hurry wait carl blue eyes gazed beth steep slopes eagle knoll antlike figures climbing skiers dotted sides soon skiing simpler slopes meet challenge difficult north slope suddenly carl realized fingernails digging palms hands wait beth haven skis waxed
meant frank thompson walked bus stop visit courthouse tell looking looking henhauser talk sixth grade visits courthouse sure rosa relax school don worth listening speech henhauser talking general ideals things meant frank stuff social justice responsibility talking courthouse didn mean knew late morning frank knew late morning didn speech sure frank ms harrison henhauser office responsibility school start living responsibilities making write word paper responsibility late wasn fault frank bank fault bank fault yes clock wrong don clock home rosa asked sure frank bank clock wrong late
case re wondering pebble puppy clear story pebble puppy young rock hound rock hounds spend spare collecting rocks turn galena tourmaline collecting stamps butterflies excited chunk rare fluorite stamp collector uncanceled pony express butterfly collector lepidopterous rareasheckticus don try looking dictionary weekly meeting clubhouse built shirley bonner house curtain pulled window taking turns looking micromount attachment ultraviolet light bought put dullest looking gray stones ultraviolet light glow rainbow colors breath shirley looking piece tremolite traded club boy sighed look greenish color throws let rest brick nelson parktown pebble puppies jumping excitement latest addition collection rare mineral specimens standing corner waiting turn grabbed elbow ronny shirley listen listened heard noise door
tell mom sharks catch fish children elizabeth richie gale engulfed words hugs returned incredible underwater adventure spent weeks living young women feet clear caribbean waters st john virgin islands taking part ambitious program underwater research attempted lived comfortable carpeted underwater house hot water shower nicely equipped laboratory soft beds taped music television freezer filled lobster newburg spinach souffle cherry pie portholes looked clouds small fishes silver tarpon silhouetted moonlight night important direct entry sea round blue hole floor underwater home glided hole ocean swim giant amberjack gray angelfish roamed ocean floor watching vast beds garden eels waving sand looking gray black question marks seeing disappear magically approach sight human beings chance observe days nights swam underwater reef house anchored watching octopuses sea animals crawl crevices
olympic games rome spectators wild watched young american woman break record la gazzella nera called black gazelle wilma glodean rudolph american woman win gold medals olympic runner ran meter dash meter dash record led team victory meter team dash reporters running style smooth runners look churning treadmill records remarkable story wilma rudolph family wilma rudolph born clarksville tennessee birth weighed half pounds expected live scarlet fever double pneumonia later polio left paralyzed left leg doctors told wilma mother special massages help restore leg week mrs rudolph wilma traveled clinic nashville mrs rudolph free distance clarksville nashville ninety miles weekly trip meant wilma treatments needed mrs rudolph spent hours massaging wilma crippled leg taught children family
kit tyler forecastle deck dolphin daybreak standing close rail staring hungrily sight land weeks connecticut colony voice spoke ear looked surprised flattered voyage captain son spoken scarcely dozen words nathaniel eaton mate mother called nat look questioned kit hesitated didn want admit disappointing found glimpse america bleak line shore surrounding gray harbor disheartening contrast shimmering green white fringed turquoise bay barbados home earthen wall fortification faced river bare ugly houses plain wooden boxes wethersfield inquired wethersfield river port saybrook home eatons father shipyard dock row unimpressive shacks flash raw lumber smile admiring pure relief grim place destination surely colony wethersfield prove inviting nat fair passage
breakfast ready mrs lambchop lambchop boys younger son arthur yelled bedroom look mrs lambchop boys bedroom look stanley bed arthur bed lay large bulletin board boys pinned pictures things fell stanley night stanley wasn hurt going called bulletin board lambchop hurried pick bulletin board stanley flat pancake mrs lambchop queerest thing seen let breakfast stanley doctor dan feel stanley doctor dan asked hurt felt kind funny stanley feel fine cases doctor dan eye young stanley flat liked room door closed going door arthur tried door hurt head stanley walking mother ring fell rolled bars covered dark deep hole sidewalk mrs lambchop began cry idea stanley took laces shoes tied
mrs jay dart lived apartment lambchops dart charge museum art breakfast morning stanley heard father talking dart lambchop reading paper painting stolen museum says jay dart wits end police guards find thieves early morning stanley heard dart talking wife elevator sneak thieves night dart hard guards stay awake working gave stanley idea told dart stanley dart mother let put plan tonight mrs lambchop stanley carry plan rest afternoon won late rest early night stanley dart big hall museum dart showed stanley large painting greatest paintings dart took stanley room ready took pretty white dress shoes wide straw hat wig stick wear dart look painting belongs big hall
gertrude walked home school dirt path called row thought hated school watson pike looked houses row watson house middle watson mean boy hated someday thought gertrude fix watson pike today gertrude found big paper bag chair inside bag moved gertrude yelled jumped fat snake pushed bag floor king snake hurt watson pike laughed gertrude brother jud watson teacher snake watson picked snake waved air took gertrude home afternoon mother cooking grandmother making dress school grammaw asked grammaw asked didn clock yes grammaw gertrude school today maw asked maw asked knew gertrude hated school re lucky school home maw moved big pot fire ready air car coming gertrude ran house saw big black car coming slowly road doorway grammaw look car coming road
lived poor mother daughter named zuzka mother daughter poor cow living spinning flax zuzka beautiful kind daughter fault lazy mother asked sit spinning wheel started cry mother spin sobbed angered mother gave zuzka beating zuzka cried loud heard luck queen riding heard zuzka crying told page stop horrible happened queen let help house page saw sadly zuzka crying asked gently matter lovely child zuzka mother surprised queen poor home didn answer want tell queen lazy daughter beat answered queen trouble child want spin flax sit night spinning wheel
zuzka stand think happen didn finish flax hands started shake thought put dark cave filled snakes frogs worms started spin cried hard couldn cried cried sundown heard knock window lighted lamp looked saw ugly women large lip fat chin large thumb hand large covered inside hand large foot big looked flat pancake zuzka saw ugly women jumped window women smiled kindly afraid opened window let room beautiful child crying women asked zuzka answered bravely help cry spin flax room rooms zuzka told happened told queen promised marry prince happen zuzka asked
town pet parade annual pet parade started summer firecrackers ended wasn firecrackers parade started mrs van horn looking manage plenty manage annual pet parade george afraid put big dog parade hated cats known mrs van horn thought dogs part parade dog part cat part goats fish turtles hard fight turtle biggest pets lead parade horses ponies littlest pets follow wonder bee butterfly prizes going biggest littlest oldest youngest lots parade gather school move bridge river end library prizes awful lot dogs cats cleaned town week pigs small george hurry think re going hold parade till washington street looked full animals brother george dog part
sky meant wonder mystery ball hot gases called sun fiery red move night stars shine darkness sailors guided ships strange waters gazing stars wise stars tell fortunes kings poets wrote love songs moon trembled sight eclipse told heavens seasons path sun heavens full romance study science surprise hear astronomy sciences astronomy science heavens stars planets satellites space confuse astronomy science astrology science science false science pretends correct thousands ago uneducated superstitious thought stars control person future idea believed draw horoscopes laugh don seriously astronomy science began ancient times observations eye careful notes compared mathematics figure distance speed stars planets ancient astronomy learned alexandria egypt
curious animal wants nature earliest days looked heavens wonder beginning understand heavens bodies studying astronomy results satisfying curiosity astronomy basis telling explains seasons centuries sailors stars method navigation recently studying skies helped understand predict weather helped develop forms communication radar radio tv entered space age begin landing moon planets discover materials study astronomy space fascinating branch science students astronomy course astronomers study stars planets studied weather saw meteorologists study atmosphere chemists interested materials found planets stars physicists study radiations stars radio tv engineers study space atmosphere planning designing receivers transmitters finally forget amateur amateur scientists science today astronomy highly developed science amateurs observations observations help scientists course amateur astronomy outdoor hobby enjoy hobby astronomy science skies takes doors
ancient looked sky able shining spheres sun moon stars watched nights saw bodies changed positions skies circling overhead earth stood course earth flat heavens round earth center universe earth stood bodies skies revolved scheme universe taught greek scientist ptolemy completed ancient days telescopes watched carefully counted risings settings sun noted movements moon counted stars wrote positions stars noticed special bright stars wandered stars named planets greek word meaning wanderer planets moved speeds fastest called mercury speedy messenger gods planet shining beauty slower mercury called venus planet red named mars god war largest called jupiter father gods slowest planet called saturn god agriculture
common mistaken idea columbus show earth flat true columbus large numbers uneducated believed flat certainly knowledge knew differently spoke earlier greek scientist eratosthenes figured circumference earth circumference distance sphere knew earth flat evidence ancient watching ships sail looked horizon horizon sky touch earth ships moved farther observer bottom ship disappeared sight middle seen part disappear top boat sail masts smokestacks earth flat boat disappear view sailor fig sextant measure height altitude star horizon sailor miles measured altitude star find higher sky chart fig shows flat earth star height curved earth higher north star polaris high sky northern parts earth lower sky move south
galileo telescope studied topography moon saw towering mountains smooth plains valleys deep round holes called craters view clear studies carefully astronomers thought large dark areas seas filled water water moon difference appearance comes kinds materials reason surface moon reflects sunlight water present reflection craters mountains formed theory moon bombarded falling meteors space meteors fell dug huge holes theory craters formed lunar volcanoes theory accurate previously thought landed moon brought volcanic rocks surface craters visible telescope craters wide flat floors lofty central peaks craters named copernicus newton tycho largest stretch miles rim crater copernicus diameter miles seas wide mare imbrium sea showers stretches miles shore shore mare imbrium called central sea known seas sea serenity west ocean storms east sea clouds southeast
let things mind rise fall tides follow regular timetable timetable resembles timetable moon find explanation tides understanding motions moon earth rotates moon moon revolves earth explains tides regular earth moon gravitational pull explains lifting waters look fig follow diagram understand tides tide regular rise fall ocean water daily tides caused gravitational pull sun moon waters earth spots high tides low tides certainly remember sun gravitational pull earth sun tides look paragraph records friend records showed extra strong tide month moon full moon course sun earth compared moon gravitational pull earth weaker certainly pulls earth waters let follow idea fig shores topography ocean floor smooth tides punctual
ancient greek fable tells story father son wished escape island crete wings feathers wax stood wind flying high air boy flew close sun heat sun melted wax crashed death sea chinese firecrackers rockets shoot weapons enemies bloody battle raged british americans chesapeake bay night francis scott key able star spangled banner rockets red glare british firing rockets american ships closing days war ii britain allies alarmed nazi germany developed rocket rocket fired germany landed britain exploded war americans russians collected information rockets later decided spend money energy research rockets realized dream going space soon true say able high air balloons jet planes yes look chart atmosphere
provide proper breathing atmosphere pure oxygen fed astronaut helmet reduced pressure start capsule filled gas mixture oxygen nitrogen reduce chances tragic fire killed astronauts ground test launching oxygen nitrogen mixture slowly released space hours capsule atmosphere oxygen addition rays sun dangerous deadly rays receive dangerous rays ultraviolet rays cosmic rays atmosphere filters space atmosphere cosmic rays real danger rays destroy materials capsules kill human beings invisible rays form zones called van allen belts belts miles thick miles earth surface scientists believe rays clumped earth magnetism van allen belts charted speed thinnest apollo mission december passed van allen belts apollo avoided core belts safely rocket boosts payload space unmanned flight payload satellite manned flight apollo sections payload
rocket fired capsule miles earth stage stage fires capsule separates rocket rocket capsule giant push thrust earth gravity pulling capsule happen capsule capsule exert force greater force earth gravity move secrets space travel capsule develop thrust strong overcome earth gravity escape earth surface free travel space fig cannon fires shell tower miles high course tower shell fly straight horizontally return sir isaac newton laws states object motion continues move straight line steady speed force acts force yes earth gravity shell begins move curved path curved earth quickly falls earth put force cannon shell travel farther curved path falls earth try force shell travels curved path falls
settlers thirteen colonies poor england european countries hoped improve economic condition earn living hoped america provide children children children seventeenth century europe average peasant poor farmer owned small piece land worked estate wealthy noble income small pay heavy taxes noble king church burdened remained poor children destined lead kind population increased living conditions grew worse land peasant family england existed special problem sheep raising proved profitable large landowners drove small farmers room sheep thousands homeless wandered countryside looking government showed pity sturdy beggars called place thrown prison forced pay wealthy landowner terrible dangers american wilderness poverty suffering england poor pay ocean voyage indentured servants meant promised pay number person paid passage money
britain truly mother country thirteen colonies ten colonies started british subjects companies settlers england scotland english native tongue language governments laws customs english origin carried trade british merchants finally depended britain case war period britain fought wars france spain wars colonists relied british fleet protect shipping coast attack short colonists bound mother country ties family business defense colonists british government quarreled conflict question government colonies started private individuals companies british government meant english monarch appointed governors important powers quarrels broke colonial assemblies trade source trouble seventeenth eighteenth centuries european governments believed colonies controlled ways benefited mother countries britain european countries respect parliament passed series laws known trade acts thirteen colonies required sell main exports tobacco naval stores british merchants
thirteen colonies strung thousand miles atlantic coast reason needed strong government working delegates continental congress met philadelphia battle lexington continental congress supposed plan ways change british policy soon found serving american government carry war unfortunately congress powers government needs tax american result money conduct war effectively congress decided raise army called continental army chose george washington commander ordered enlist troops able supply arms ammunition uniforms blankets food shoes washington call militia colony help enlisted militia months left ahead care planting harvesting farms matters worse colonists divided feeling revolution including wealthy upper class remained loyal king british government americans known loyalists tories king party britain supporters revolution called patriots
president washington heavy responsibility walk untrodden ground scarcely part conduct drawn precedent words actions later governments follow important precedent washington creation cabinet heads executive departments cabinet consisted able washington appointed thomas jefferson author declaration independence secretary jefferson political experience served member continental congress governor virginia ambassador france secretary treasury alexander hamilton brilliant young lawyer served washington aide revolutionary war constitutional convention hamilton fought strong central government secretary war henry knox washington generals revolution attorney general edmund randolph jefferson governor virginia later took jefferson place secretary secretary treasury hamilton held important cabinet position washington term congress confederation left nation empty treasury heavy debts pay debts lost confidence foreign nations american business hamilton congress part program solve nation financial money problems
thomas jefferson won presidency close vote later defeated federalist opponent sided electoral vote clear office won support american jefferson left presidency american changed feeling washington criticized term office happy retire private washington jefferson unpopular mainly troubles foreign nations european war napoleon preparing broke french ruler won victory victory defeated enemies britain powerful british fleet crossing english channel invade british isles napoleon decided fight british weapons ordered nations europe stop buying british goods british government replied ordering ships bound europe stop british ports british officials seize war materials board collect duties remaining cargo napoleon replied ordering officials allies seize ship stopped british port american shippers caught middle struggle giants obeyed britain france seize ships obeyed france ships seized britain
strange say basic ideas federalist party adopted republicans war experience taught need strong government clearly united states suffered unprepared war began republicans spent large sums building strong army navy changed views important issues marked change observer prompted say republicans federalized federalists war republicans opposed high tariffs argued business benefited americans benefit tariffs raised prices pay imported goods war ended british manufacturers dumped products united states low prices hoped ruin business factories built country war american manufacturers asked government help congress promptly raised tariff duties protect america infant industries competition cheaper british goods protective tariff remain republican policy jefferson madison monroe opposed bank united states bank charter expired madison allowed die war began later government found difficult collect taxes borrow money worse states chartered large number banks printed notes
civil war avoided course impossible tell compromise bad feelings lessened north south senator illinois stephen douglas mistake reopened issue slavery territories action touched series events led nation step step civil war senator douglas interested plans build railroad chicago pacific coast promote railroad attract settlers part louisiana territory railroad pass region free soil missouri compromise douglas introduced bill dividing parts kansas nebraska part free slave decided votes settlers kansas nebraska bill soon passed congress attacked north opened free territory slavery kansas free abolitionists antislavery groups formed society settle northerners southerners quickly formed group settle slaveholders region soon rival groups began arrive fighting broke occasion southerners attacked town lawrence main antislavery settlement kansas killed word spread killed eye eye extreme abolitionist named john brown
start small group congressmen objected lincoln johnson plan reconstruction thought easy south congressmen called radical republicans wanted radical extreme south radicals demanded blacks full rights american citizens immediately leaders representative thaddeus stevens pennsylvania wanted destroy southern aristocracy taking plantations stevens wanted divide plantations forty acre farms black families wanted rest land sold help pay war radicals won wide support congress reasons congress felt president grown powerful war tried regain power taking reconstruction south republicans afraid lose control government democrats number northern democrats congress congressmen south democrats president johnson democrat democrats obtained majority congress able repeal entire republican program republicans determined happen party saved union rule slogan important actions southern governments aroused anger congress general public
andrew carnegie thirteen arrived united states scotland found job cotton mill earned week days twelve hours studying morse code spare young andrew telegraph operator large railroad speed accuracy friendly personality willingness hard won rapid promotion age twenty andrew put charge entire branch railroad helped support family young carnegie managed save large part salary invested savings company manufactured sleeping cars persuading directors railroad buy cars small fortune carnegie noticed railroads replacing wooden bridges iron bought mill manufacture iron bridges large profit railroads began steel rails carnegie england study bessemer method making steel quickly cheaply introduced country leading steelmaker carnegie soon found ways cut cost making steel hired expert managers scientists high salaries improvements plants paid ordinary workers low wages result able undersell steel manufacturers
teddy roosevelt william taft woodrow wilson able presidents intentions wanted promote interests united states latin america took active part latin american affairs actions alarmed trying help latin americans began call united states bully north fact fear united states remains latin america suspicion aroused spanish american war united states entered war free cuban misrule spain winning war government cuba protectorate built naval base island took possession nearby island puerto rico built base main purpose bases protect canal american government wanted build connect atlantic pacific oceans nation interested building canal california gold rush distance east coast west coast sea cape horn tip south america miles costly journey trip shorter cheaper thousands americans sailed panama planned fifty miles jungle mountain foot board ships bound west coast
war ended president wilson satisfied results defeat germany fall undemocratic governments freeing subject peoples things pleased knew europe bad condition proposed united states damaged war help europe deal troubles america fought accomplished wilson fortunate duty assist sober counsel advice material aid establishment democracy united states lent allied governments billions dollars repair war damage restore economies established relief organization help needy directly american relief administration gave food clothing fuel medicines millions dozen countries including communist russia president sailed europe help write peace treaties defeated central powers peace conference met paris capital france early thirty nations represented important decisions big heads american british french italian governments soon clear hold views making peace president wilson range view believed peace victory peace settlement gave winners took losers
striking features roaring twenties prohibition eighteenth amendment ratified early prohibited forbade manufacture sale intoxicating liquors congress defined intoxicating liquor half percent alcohol included wine beer law unpopular widely disobeyed fact drinking thing forbidden secret drinking places called speakeasies flourished bootleggers smuggled liquor abroad breaking law risking prison terms charged high prices part large profits bribe government officials overlook illegal activities short bands criminals known gangsters took liquor business soon power profits move fields set gambling houses businesses pay protection property damaged took labor unions activities carried gangsters called rackets racketeering million dollar industry roaring twenties gangsters formed private armies gunfighters battled territory nobles europe middle ages prohibition finally ended twenty amendment repealed eighteenth amendment federal government leading gangsters prison paying income taxes profits
soon president eisenhower took office joseph stalin died nikita khrushchev won struggle power premier head soviet union promised russian foreign affairs soviet union follow policy peaceful coexistence meant country try live peace capitalist nations rivals economic matters production food manufactured goods aid poor nations boasted soviet union soon prove communism capitalism producing giving united states policy peaceful coexistence brought cold war khrushchev held meetings president eisenhower western leaders iron curtain partly lifted trade tourism soviet union west increased cultural exchanges eastern western countries arranged spring president eisenhower paris meeting premier khrushchev arrived high flying american spy plane equipped powerful cameras shot soviet union khrushchev attacked president spying soviet union broke meeting united states publicly denied spy plane soviet union actually government surprised soviet union known flights territory complained
end war ii united states longer tried affairs took active part workings united nations power try communism europe asia latin america reason fought bloody wars asia signs change policy taking place began america trying war vietnam detente place open confrontation policy soviet union continuing efforts end nuclear arms race reasonable success efforts create normal relations mainland china leaders suggesting plans end conflicts middle east africa appeared progress talks republic panama future panama canal americans desire relief wars conflicts lead war centuries jews hoped reestablish jewish palestine war ii britain withdrew palestine united nations recommended area divided parts part western palestine israel part arab part city jerusalem international control united states soviet union supported plan middle east leader soon israel agreed plan
united states war ii richest powerful nation history industries turned quickly peacetime production usual postwar depression economy entered period prosperity growth continued exceptions thirty end vietnam war unusual period inflation prices wages prolonged high unemployment puzzled economic planners spite nation prosperity war ii government faced difficult problems president truman term office rapidly rising prices caused waves strikes led congress pass laws requiring cooling period strike start important industry problem red menace fear communism united states difficulties truman reform program exceptions buried congress eisenhower middle road president believed power federal government reduced important measures passed administration period major supreme court decisions outlawing segregation schools public facilities president kennedy wanted nation moving reform program truman defeated congress lyndon johnson president government began economic social reform experience congress popular support able push society program congress
americas hundred ago coming numbers europeans christopher columbus left record found cuba haiti island juana cuba exceedingly fertile surrounded bays spacious secure surpassing seen numerous large healthful rivers intersect lofty mountains islands beautiful distinguished diversity variety scenery filled variety trees immense height believe retain foliage seasons nightingale birds singing countless numbers november island juana kinds palm trees trees herbs fruits considerably surpass height beauty pines handsome extensive fields meadows variety birds kinds honey sorts metals island named espanola haiti mountains size beauty vast plains groves fruitful fields admirably adapted tillage pasture habitation convenience excellence harbours island abundance rivers indispensable health surpasses believed seen
indian cultures latin america ranged highly developed civilizations mayas aztecs incas primitive nomads continent central highlands southern tip mayan indians developed civilization dense tropical forests central america mayan civilization ranged area larger italy crossed borders today nations honduras el salvador guatemala british honduras parts mexico mayas learned cultivate crops sweet potato corn squash pumpkins spite hardships clearing irrigating rain forest learned grow cotton hemp weave cloth dye cloth brilliant colors mayas built cities cities centers services manufacturing business living lived small huts poles thatch cities city marketplaces courts justice primarily centers religious ceremonies mayas built impressive temple pyramids tall steep structures decorated intricate carvings bridges aqueducts plazas broad stairways ceremonies magnificent buildings greatest mayan achievements affected priests excellent astronomers produced mathematical system equaled europeans centuries calendar accurate today writing destroyed climate bits remain show religious happy
canoe major means indian transportation indians especially northwest large dugout canoes eskimos kind canoe called kayak canoe frame covered animal skins iroquois woodland indian tribes developed birchbark canoe birchbark canoes sturdy carry indians supplies light carry easily stream streamlined greatest ease efficiency paddling making beautiful canoes required skills team women took weeks birchbark canoe tall straight tree found construction begin fewer knots tree firmer bark stone celts axheads tools fell tree carefully bark bruised tree bark carefully removed circles drawn ends bark length circles varied length canoes indians measured times length tallest feet added measure bark cut circles log lifted bark cut lengthwise bark peeled pushed downward freeing log large piece
columbus taught learned navigation sea port cities europe taught latin read geography astronomy navigation readings convinced earth round trouble reaching china western route scholars disagreed size earth columbus believed smaller raise money convinced spanish monarchs ferdinand isabella spain beat portuguese italian merchants markets east columbus set sail latest type ships caravel forecastle raised part deck vision square sails steering stern knows navigational aids likely compass astrolabe columbus strong ships sailing westward months despite stormy seas threats mutiny anxious private reckoning miles covered showed overdue china columbus landed island caribbean sea named san salvador island group today bahamas sure reached indies named inhabitants found indians san salvador sailed north cuba believed japan
successful english colony established jamestown virginia settlement doomed colony built low swampy land soil sandy poor farming hundred set hopeful mission spent searching gold farming gold virginia food brought england ran low winter settlers boiled tree bark soup famine disease killed half woods full deer turkey bay crowded fish birds beasts wild unskilled suffered settlement survived ship captain john smith practical took charge eat friends indians traded food early ships arrived settlers supplies settlers city inexperienced wilderness winters called starving lived ship arrived supplies settlers skilled farming building later women jamestown families grew jamestown thriving colony fifteenth sixteenth centuries england small poor tenant farmers turned land
conquest mexico cortes peru pizarro found rich silver gold thought indies america spelled opportunity maritime states europe seeking trackless forests waterway south sea seeking gold spaniards found lack treasure north america gold turned ashes south sea receded mirage imaginary image advance failure voyages frozen north inland expeditions ending disaster death quench optimism gentlemen adventurers caught preserved priceless heritage explorer named alvar nunez cabeza de arrived part expedition conquer settle florida landing tampa bay traveling inland futile search gold party explorers forced hostile indians change plans move mexico traveling crude boats equipped hope knowledge band mercy storms freezing weather high seas crossing nearly thousand miles gulf mexico survivors voyage washed ashore island coast texas exhausted hungry afraid collapsed beach met indians gave food offered huts shelter cold
ownership area west seneca lake claimed massachusetts york massachusetts claimed land basis charter granted king charles england york claims based fact land belonged iroquois protection york states representatives connecticut reached agreement hartford treaty states agreed massachusetts sell land settlements part york massachusetts sold area cents acre land speculators oliver phelps nathanial gorham knew eastern york england wanted move territory phelps gorham willing sell land owners buy indians phelps gorham gave indians promise future area soon subdivided put sale iroquois refused sell land west genesee river large area present rochester believed spirit intended genesee river dividing line indian white forefathers owned island
west western york opening roads bad indian trails forest trails worked braves treading lightly underbrush hazardous expensive farmers trying bring harvest market stumps roots tripped horse spring rains turned deeply rutted earth impossible quagmires pioneers laid log causeways swamps built primitive bridges streams farmers wait sleigh wheat bulky products storehouses albany horse sleigh fast wagon carry heavier load avoid dangers swamps rivers local communities want raise taxes build roads government unwilling tax island build roads western york finally hit idea toll road built private company call toll roads turnpikes early days nineteenth century toll roads boomed earliest turnpikes terminated hudson river ports albany remained turnpike staging stagecoach center turnpikes thrust outward spokes wheel west trunk roads going schenectady mohawk valley present route east turnpike approached albany lebanon springs south york albany post road winter ice choked hudson
early nineteenth century lived farms europe united states beginning build machines factories house grew ate read chapter traded wants nearest town eastern york advanced frontier west cities difficult dependent pages readings diary rich farmer wife lived land rented patroon albany pioneers connecticut part read chapter read true pioneer western york description york city read selection ask types lives lead feed clothe believe luxuries wasted necessities husbanded ancestors lived york kind lives lead growing york american revolution reading comes diary farm wife east
frontier settled yorkers chance look society built found grown rapidly unevenly times changing practices beliefs suited past place critics called reforms homespun america agricultural societies land important main source wealth status read landowners vote reasoned landowners solid citizens community strongest supporters law order lose disorder accepted view society felt vote reforms suggested universal suffrage vote white males adult white males vote later exception non whites women vote issue arose respect land ownership farmers especially eastern part held land term leases paid rent absentee landlords parents land wilderness worked valuable farms resented fact homes rent paid demanded buy land freeholders leaseholders
reform spirit homespun york turned negro slavery leaders active religious movements took black early arthur lewis tappan wealthy manhattan merchants joined theodore weld form american slavery society york slavery society founded later aid gerritt smith peterboro arthur tappan published society journal emancipator weld chosen organize group give abolition lectures help start local chapters idea evils slavery public especially means churches yorkers abolitionists oppose spread slavery territories position abraham lincoln saw slavery grow eventually die slavery question split badly democratic party churches members favored abolition members opposed factions fought bitterly compromise provided territories decide wanted slavery held country helped split york compromise passed president zachary taylor died millard fillmore yorker serve president united states fillmore supported compromise powerful york leaders party whigs thurlow weed william seward
important group woodworkers coopers barrel makers pre industrial age nearly put bags boxes metal drums stored barrels items sap buckets butter churns basically kinds barrel makers wet tight coopers barrels hold liquids leaking slack dry coopers barrels holding bulk items grain salt obviously wet cooper greater care product sturdy wooden furniture homespun period joiners cabinetmakers joiner woodworker fashioned items spindles slats joined cabinetmakers course sorts cabinets cupboards important age closets practically unknown china household items clothes stored cabinets cabinetmaker produced chests drawers clock cases beds pine cherry preferred decorative pieces oak ash maple beds item strength important transportation period largely horsedrawn vehicle plenty wagonmaker sleighmaker wagons generally large wheels wagon bed high pass stumps objects roads toughest oak wheel needed iron tire rim help withstand blows farm wagon
industrial revolution greatly changed worked thousands things homes small workshops nearby large numbers factories produce things divided labor person working sleeves shirt collar buttonholes industrial revolution began worked hard hours days week dark cold crowded rooms struggling tiny wage alive banding protesting conditions industrialized workers won shorter working hours safer cleaner working conditions goods factories cheaper buy workers earning workers industry afford buy things standard living workers united states york buy automobiles refrigerators typewriters industrial revolution bring soft coal types oil burn ineffectively active factories polluted air manufacturing factories disposed wastes rivers lakes nation polluting important bodies water killing fish making water unsafe drinking swimming transport goods land wide roads automobile fumes began pollute air
york called empire california york towns cities villages counties millions york city big city buffalo syracuse rochester albany yonkers populations putting rules millions big cities small towns farms complicated organization york government similar united states branches government executive legislative judiciary governor heads executive branch president united states legislative chambers york called assembly senate house representatives senate federal government highest court court appeals supreme court highest court nation president vice president united states elected members executive branch national government york governor comptroller official supervises finances attorney general elected cabinet officers national level secretary treasury attorney general elected
york government chapter smaller governments county governments city governments town governments village governments cities larger towns towns larger villages counties larger cities york city counties head smaller governments called mayors supervisors managers officials elected hired town city county boards councils york stretches land inside borders town city village land county live towns villages cities live farms number living borders municipality decide put sewers water road decide family pay equipment road details able cooperate number projects projects government business decide village town need permission county find borders want land held town village
ranges mountains york catskills adirondacks smaller ranges shawangunk mountains hudson highlands taconic mountains exception adirondacks mountains form part appalachians adirondacks cover fourth mountains hundreds millions ago created pressure burst surface earth forcing upward ridges thousands feet high ridges straight run parallel peaks adirondacks high points parallel ridges mountains formed area covered grenville rock earth quantities hot melted stone pushed upward heat pressure changed grenville rock marble quartzite today adirondacks mixture types hard rock peaks adirondacks feet sea level highest mountain york mount marcy feet sea level adirondacks formed thousands feet higher today tops eroded wind water ice ice sheets formed lakes adirondacks depositing moraines river valleys famous lake placid lake george saranac lake
northern boundary tropics line called tropic cancer line sun overhead june longest northern hemisphere southern boundary tropics line called tropic capricorn sun overhead december longest southern hemisphere seasons northern hemisphere exactly opposite seasons southern hemisphere summer northern hemisphere winter southern hemisphere united states summer weather winter argentina late december earth turns axis area north pole darkness twenty hours late june region north pole light twenty hours call boundary region rest earth arctic circle region north pole darkness december south pole receiving sunlight area south pole receives light twenty hours darkness south pole june call boundary southern area rest earth antarctic circle area arctic circle area antarctic circle known polar regions
earth home billion persons live continents islands vary greatly appearance dress ways working living person ways live north america called north american known live maybe virginian kansan pennsylvanian nebraskan individuals tall short medium height dark fair red haired peoples according differences appearance divided groups called races races consist light skins dark skins yellow copper colored skins north america light skins belong races europe light skins africa dark skins asia yellow skins greatly outnumber races inhabitants australia light skins races inhabited earth thousands scientists tell races differ ways alike population map shows parts densely thickly populated
earliest group family leader father human beings food gatherers members family live completely families families found helpful hunting families lived agreed band protection gain food groups formed tribe times need danger quick action strong wise leader needed chief headed tribe told group asked advice older members experience lived tribe number live think ways ways habits customs wished break follow customs tribe driven families tribal customs felt safest tribe grew larger rules laws chief laws laws wisest tribe taking vote heads families chief governed ruled tribe saw laws obeyed large group live orderly living government
lived india read region heard monsoons monsoon wind blows southeastern asia summer monsoon winter monsoon monsoon comes arabic word means season summer comes part asia land grows hot air heated plains deserts rises air indian ocean moves place wind blows months sea land summer monsoon moist wind forced rise cooler drops moisture form rain summer monsoon generally meets hills mountains reaches shore wind travels slopes grows cool brings rain land summer southeastern asia wet season winter open stretches land cool sea warmer land wind blows land sea wind blows northeast lasts months winter monsoon winter monsoon blows interior asia grows warm nears sea takes moisture carries sea winter dry season india southern china winter regions trees lose leaves grass turns brown pasture scarce crops dry
thailand known siam changed thailand means land free home tropical plants animals famous cats siamese cats fine pets elephants heavy fact siam known land white elephants white elephants light shade gray elephants prized king king give friend white elephants person received elephant care king offended expensive elephant owning burden today speak useless white elephant bangkok larger rangoon city large detroit city famous network canals past thousands bangkok families spent lives boats homes lived houses perched stilts water floating homes live land nearly thailand trade passes bangkok city railway center seaport bangkok ways large city indochina tropical region southeast asia high temperatures heavy rainfall
thousands ago chinese emperors give blessing spring planting kind bean soybean soybeans china greatest crops soybeans especially valuable chinese furnish body building material obtained meat milk room herds cattle chinese meat milk grow large crops soybeans soybeans grow dry lands north china damp climate south china food soybean bean oil chinese press oil light lamps homes paper cloth soaked soybean oil lets light chinese learned paper cloth glass windows homes chinese soybean oil cooking flavor foods salty soybean sauce large crops soybeans grown united states oil making margarine paints soaps feed soybean products cattle crackers bread soybean meal mixed flour soybean meal mixed substances treated chemicals plastics plastic material molded stamped light strong articles soybean meal fibers wool woven cloth
knight needed suit armor gotten milan armor italian city famous europe silk merchant needed supply silk cloth likely order milan city europe chief center silk textiles businesses developed milan city rich bankers italy began headquarters think banking centers grow business centers knights ordered suits armor store owners parts order silk cloth milan important bankers italy continued city headquarters leaders italy giant business firms offices centuries milan center armor silk textiles business capital italy find milan map page region northern italy located tell city centrally located region mountains merchants northern europe cross reach italy middle ages trade routes mountains led milan think milan location helped grow trade center modern highways railroads replaced roads mountain passes italy
towns grew trade important town officers direct trade properly richer merchants towns joined groups called merchant guilds guilds elected officers drew rules enforced merchant guild took part town government merchants starting merchant guilds skilled workers formed groups called craft guilds kind joined craft guild guilds bakers metal workers weavers shoemakers earliest craft guild candlemakers guild paris member craft guild called master skilled worker mastered trade independently young wanted learn weaving hire apprentice master weaver apprentice lived master house learned trade master notified guild apprentice learned trade young journeyman paid wages journeyman hire master guild move town town learning masters journeyman experience saved money ask guild declared master prove skill showing piece masterpiece called article spent creating
spain portugal history position mediterranean sea influenced history heard iberian peninsula phoenicians visited spain ancient times lived related gauls early inhabitants france rome mistress mediterranean added peninsula large empire rome losing power west goths germanic tribe swept north conquered iberian peninsula set kingdom native peninsula serfs kingdom west goths lasted hundred leaders west goths jealous unite moslems controlled coast north africa looked strait gibraltar shores spain decided spain place start conquest europe moslems crossed strait gibraltar won battle moslems moors called spain conquered peninsula towering rock landed called rock gibraltar victories easy west gothic leaders united serfs treated unkindly desire fight masters west goths retreated mountains northwestern spain
england ruled queen elizabeth stood center city london tavern located bread street called mermaid tavern eat drink explorer sir walter raleigh playwright poet william shakespeare today queen england named elizabeth ii center city street called carnaby street clothes sold shops carnaby street copied designers west end city london plays staged english playwrights moviemakers actors musicians admired musicians playwrights poets london city seen heard largest audiences think reasons writers actors artists poets gathered london young musicians designers flock london today think young attracted city sets pace musicians playwrights designers reason london fine location england place city london situated romans realized thousand ago built fort hill overlooking thames
learned low countries lie natural trade route europe cities began grow middle ages sprang low countries ghent bruges western belgium called flanders important region called netherlands important cities middle ages haarlem leiden amsterdam rotterdam find cities map page hear dutch ago days roman empire julius caesar found early tribes netherlands living midst swamps patient hardworking built dikes banks earth low mounds land lived cut channels drain marshes country able support large number rich cities grew spanish emperor charles born ghent inherited low countries father spain mother madrid capital ruled vast lands catholic religion low countries protestants visited harsh punishments philip ii spain father throne philip decided root protestant faith took rights enjoyed cities spanish soldiers order collected heavy taxes
belgium main crops potatoes belgians irish acre potatoes feeds crop sugar beets beet farming hard young plants weeded hand big roots heavy sweet juice shipped nearby sugar factories sandy soil ghent fields flowers vegetables grown export large greenhouses flowers vegetables fruits grown glass bring high prices winter southern part belgium produces flax slender blue flowered plant needs damp moist air brought ocean winds slow flowing streams bundles flax stalks retted allowed rot fine inside fibers remain fibers linen cloth woven belgians hard acre land produce successful farmers import food countries thickly populated farming support industry earn income making goods belgium industries called workshop europe belgium coal mines border france belgians mined iron ore ore fields iron ore liege mined liege famous middle ages making weapons armor
contrasts found large city giant tokyo strong contrasts cities rich poor crowded slums spacious parks tokyo things fascinating combination oriental western ways living eleven million live tokyo populations york los combined map page describe land surrounds tokyo area eighty cities towns tokyo think crowd place don move parts japanese islands crowding creates problems high speed trains millions jammed trains unpleasant ride traffic jams cars trucks buses streetcars city noisy stores restaurants full tokyo housing shortage live slums city waterways large apartment projects built help solve housing problem large cities difficulty building houses families live apartment houses television sets washing machines refrigerators offices factories women shop supermarkets modern toyko city western hemisphere ways
important countries pacific ocean lie south equator southern hemisphere australia zealand north south america explored settled mass land southeast asia lay entirely unknown europeans thousands australia called continent size cut parts primitive lived stone age animals found dutch explorers learned large island south pacific called terra australia means southern land dutch later named land holland attract place live english officer captain james cook eastern coast holland took possession britain tract land called south wales sir joseph banks student botany science plants sir joseph found plants captain cook called harbor ship anchored botany bay later britain decided rid group lawbreakers sending country australia built settlement beautiful inlet sydney stands
central africa begins sahara extends southward zambezi river covers fourths continent early central africa belonged european nations war ii republic liberia western part central africa ethiopia east independent today european colonies free end war ii twenty countries central africa independent find map page chart page central africa lies tropics grassland areas belt forests equator move south sahara desert region vegetation area called sahel south sahel grasslands grassy area called savanna savanna extends widest part africa arabs visited region early times called sudan geographical region sudan extends west coast africa ethiopia east begins dry lands south sahara libyan deserts extends wet lands equator place desert grasslands tufts grass shrubs thorny trees called acacias farther south trees grow larger numerous land looks park
hot pittsburgh pennsylvania lunch lee searchwell uncle lionel ride country lee uncle famous detective ride lee asked dozens questions detective laughed ask questions police case let stop rest drove group shade trees field parked car saw strange spread trees white paper tablecloth picnic food set cloth sight asked lee don place hide leave picnic boy detective car picnic cloth saw campfire sticks smoking fire put picnic cloth paper plates plates cups coffee plate red cup filled milk basket fried chicken big pieces chicken plates piece chicken bites missing small chicken leg plate cup milk chicken leg tasted wrapped loaf bread middle picnic cloth
lived england called froze death snow fell month england snow ice june january ten inch snowstorm fell middle june howling winds whipped snow huge drifts corn vegetables withered fields sheep cattle died farmers lost trying rescue animals fruit froze dropped trees fourth july ice covered ponds ice thick window glass wanted noise throwing stones ice felt celebrating put overcoats mittens plant fields frost ice august fields looked brown bleak november sun shining days warm farmers able corn grow sheltered places eat corn put seed gave neighbors lucky england lived summer rest scraped bottom barrel pulled belts spring sun felt warm
blackbeard pirate lived america ruled british king pirate edward teach called blackbeard black bushy beard tied ends bows looped ears hat brim ears pirate put matches soaked burn green flame lit matches blackbeard eyes shine terrible green light american colonies lived fear blackbeard town ship person safe pirate robbed killed pleased governor virginia ordered lieutenant james maynard british navy track capture pirate lieutenant maynard sailed close blackbeard ship pirate ship opened fire british warship maynard killed lieutenant waited blackbeard crew leaped board ship maynard dash blackbeard firing maynard bullets hit blackbeard stop pirate fought mad bull pistol pistol sword cutlass pirate knocked killed blackbeard treasure found stories say hidden hundred places waiting dig
wagon train began move california silas tait wagon master called families careful preparations hard trip remember chosen pioneers matter comes walk pioneers ben watts heard wagon master asked pa pioneers walked differently pa laughed tait meant face things pioneer spirit explained ben thought sounded fine decided walk pioneer realize meant ben found schoolteacher son prepared ben traveling wagon train looked enviously farm boys strong handle animal teams easily don compare pa lads help parents eke living soil wagon master needed extra help corral farm boys stepped ben volunteered pa shook head boys raised livestock chores mischief pa girl chores ben muttered suddenly pa angry stop worrying big things glad easy trip
week ago glen hartzell skip miller space training school boys wanted pilot space ships week washed school pilots wockies stood washed cadets assigned ground crew mars boys space ship taking mars landing soon pushed big supply cases closer escape door suddenly space ship gave burst rocket power skip knocked release lever escape door flew skip spinning open door supply case glen reached grab friend space suit thing glen knew skip supply case space glen saw skip drifting balloon skip called radio hear yes glen answered skip voice squeak glen looked saw huge rock hanging emptiness phobos mars moons phobos glen re skip groaned glen phobos gravity able land won skip
asked skip figured hundred hours glen close mars city research settlement bubble moved slowly soon speed began increase glen sure bubble speed increase closer red planet gravity pull knew bubble hit mars air blanket fast chute ripped hours later boys floating legs felt cramped sore lot stretch walk boys canals crossed red globe mars fourth glen figured saw domes mars city steady glen chute open minutes minutes hours chute open end smashed pieces mars red earth suddenly boys felt sharp drag look chute open yelled skip seconds later red ground rushing landed bubble safely conquered space space skip counted hundred feet hundred fifty twenty bubble hit ground rolled finally stopped
don dinosaur bone lot things think school show science class give museum newspaper hang wall room kid block maybe dinosaur bone wall don problem interested dinosaurs thought owning dinosaur bone class planned field trip la tar pits los weeks trip miss rank teacher told prehistoric animals lived tar pits pits looked ordinary lakes pools tar animals drink water stuck tar bones prehistoric animals dug scientists miss rank nervous field trip think afraid fall pit sucked bottom didn worry pits fences hard close fall class looked tar pits
dave mallory trying hard mind today father camp morning dave campers waited visitors fathers arrived dave doubts turn dad guy driven pickup truck mallory garage tip top service printed doors truck looked place cars parking lot fact dave thought father looked place fathers mallory laugh hearty face weathered worse carrying leather case wrenches shirt pocket dave suggested father put wrenches pocket car dad looked minute moved dave sighed looked saw dad shaking hands camp director show camp hope boys busy pay attention suddenly dave idea father run motorboats visit cruise dave called
headlines paper front page youngsters cheat death picture reporter wrote story brave believe scared began mother told brother ray cousin dan walk show city started run dan told didn want houses stores closer lived country river heard united states side imagine living river foreign country dan river dan ray shoreline wanted planning wouldn tell getting furious decided stick close find poking docks expected trouble find soon getting boats finally small bay large cabin cruiser anchored shore dan stood stared let pirates capture let indian whoops ears ring dismay dan spied rowboat tied dock let shouted boat row cruiser
newspaper photographer covers spot news ready move fast times unexpected happens flood fire explosion job rush scene start shooting pictures photographing action business look angle pictures able size situation quickly kind picture news photographer takes depends happening fire photographer try picture blaze decide picture affected fire page job news photographer easy requires stamina cover fire winter takes understanding news news photographers spot news pictures scene camera amateur picture inside plane passenger looked window saw wing fire snapped picture luckily pilot able emergency landing passengers safe covering assigned news easier covering spot news photographer knows story happens
plazas santiago chile full weather hot muggy crowds bigger gabriel found lots wanted shoes shined evening gabriel earned money buy dozen caramels movie theater hoped sell caramels gabriel reached theater friend pedro waiting front doors large tin tray pastries hung cord neck hot inside theater told gabriel let stay minute calugas ten centavos calugas called gabriel stepping person buy ticket evening selling sweets wanted cool soda pop sticky caramels sugar sweet pastries mother unhappy sell pastries pedro maybe cooler hungry show sure answered gabriel let show plaza buy ticket boys found seats aisle hoped theater intermission lose trying sell caramels pastries
dark gabriel awoke head hurt lying dark place remembered heard dog bark barking slowly gabriel sat waited head stop pounding started hit head hard felt hand found wooden beam beams crossed pushed dust chunks plaster fell gabriel realize trapped theater pedro gabriel called friend pedro pedro answer gabriel called times finally heard voice call faintly gabriel pedro nearby alive trapped doors theater answered gabriel move think answer minute later pedro added yes move stand gabriel pedro faint light think morning pedro found pastry tray pastries find hole rubble give half pastries idea pedro answered gabriel
night sea freezes morning big patches haven brightness water gradually current pushes patches looks sea frozen solid unfortunately heavy clouds southwest means nigerk wind says grandfather nigerk brings big game hunter brings bad weather snow nature angry wants smooth ice camp bad haven strength snow clouds wake morning ice covers unfortunately snow fallen drift ice floated smooth ice fishing worse drift ice packed island prevents air hole hunting seals breathing holes juts edges rough ice makes hard hunter stand hole harpoon creatures air ivik kriternerk sit talk ivik young full strength lacks experience provider family grandfather storehouse experience game animals hunting feeble ice thin visiting sleds expected says kriternerk glad mainland ice sheet
slowly consciousness slips ivik senses leave suddenly lifts head changed atmosphere aware sharp pain neck moves head lets sink ice gazes bear lying flatter ivik longer cares wants terribly rest gather strength final struggle bear struggle glorious things dreams strange sound ivik painfully raises body look ice sees fox sitting nearby waiting share kill ivik laughs aloud knows hunters glad foxes follow sleds wise follow unsuccessful hunters ivik says sound howl dogs frenzy pursuit fully awake hear dogs dreaming hears howl dogs sound voices yugit yugit comes bear signal ice terset terset fo word bear spread coming relieve haul bear home
wise camp say dogs freeze lying ice snow thin ivik hurry help home hungry anxious want upset saying dogs happy says ehre loads sled chance drag home big game seldom vast quiet arctic descends set clouds blow northern lights rush side sky drive northern lights blaze radiance uluasat steer straight course ice safer ivik left home sled need pick ivik sits krolugta eaten feels uncomfortable warm sit sled worn clothes cold breezes holes elbows jump run occasionally holds side sticks sled pace dogs frisky eager reach camping place gallop ice northern lights say dogs camp asks krolugta eat says ivik sadly
constantly producing heat oxidation constantly losing heat air body balances production heat loss heat health temperature remain approximately north pole equator normal temperature mouth degrees fahrenheit inside body temperature higher temperature slightly higher slightly lower degrees healthy person temperature degree lower morning afternoon human cells efficiently body temperature normal temperature goes activities body disturbed careful record sick person temperature physician information help determine wrong patient getting body temperature degrees fahrenheit called fever temperature rises degrees functions body seriously impaired body temperatures degrees fatal low temperatures harmful chilling body uneven parts body remain warm cold cases apparently frozen recovered metabolic processes alive keeping alive sound dull
heard say mind person claims ill pain speaker thinks illness pain imaginary unimportant things mind imaginary mind related body saying mind true say body mind includes consciousness understanding memory intellect reason power belief imagination personality ability choices centers mental qualities brain exact locations known injury brain affect person mind hand injury part body victim forgetful unable reason correctly injury friendly person moody quarrelsome affects thoughts feelings effect body affects body influences mental word psychosomatic describes facts psyche mind soma body psychosomatic mind body close relationship mental physical health simple relationship person physical health mentally ill person poor physical health happy productive beethoven composers deaf reached middle age heard finest music
paul pain abdomen felt vomit mother took temperature found fever bowel movement morning mother wondered idea give cathartic laxative medicine decided call family doctor examination revealed paul appendicitis paul inflamed appendix removed soon school paul mother cathartic appendix ruptured spread infection abdomen result illness possibly death paul case represents sort decision treat drugs ask advice family doctor choosing trained honest health adviser beginning health care decided physician patient understand importance careful examinations allow expect impossible trust physician valuable possession health merits confidence license practice medicine merely special kind treatment practices practices specialty credentials training specialty member staff accredited hospital belong local medical society
medical scientific knowledge leaves doubt harmful effects smoking fact surgeon general united states public health service stated cigarette smoking major preventable illness disability premature death country person start smoking reasons continues developed habit smoking leads strong addiction tobacco difficult overcome regular smoker uncomfortable unhappy tries stop craving smoke interfere thinking interrupt careless cross irritable continue habit smoking strong effort stop power discomfort involved breaking established habit survey regular cigarette smokers percent reported enjoy smoking consider worth cost percent hope children smoke think tobacco relieves fatigue nicotine smoke temporary increase sugar blood sugar means fuel muscles fuel fatigue greater smoking relaxes nervous tension doubtless true regular smokers crave tobacco cigarette temporary relief
reasons drink alcoholic beverages drink think social thing drink relaxation relief worry alcohol give drink attempt overcome feelings insecurity inferiority forget disappointments failures think alert original ideas drink light wines beers earliest days recorded history fermentation result action yeasts bacteria sugars starches fruit grain alcoholic beverages provide source food moderation act sedative tranquilizer serve purpose part social dietary customs ancient times fermented beverages likely disease producing germs drinking water light wines percent alcohol beer alcohol consumed larger amounts wines stronger beverages brandy whisky gin distillation percent alcohol alcohol absorbed directly stomach small intestine blood absorbed rapidly empty stomach concentrated form whisky brandy gin absorbed slowly food
known stimulating drugs amphetamines called pep pills drugs helpful treatment depressed patients physician prescribe small dosages decrease appetite patient reducing diet recent illegal sale widespread estimated billion pills half annual production amphetamines united states sold illegally amphetamines automobile truck drivers wish stay awake trip students trying awake cramming examinations dangerous judgment faulty reactions unreliable drivers suddenly fall asleep wheel student drowsy examination amphetamines reckless extreme behavior create false feeling power user feel capacity accomplish wishes body develops tolerance amphetamines user requires larger larger doses obtain desired effect sedatives tranquilizers amphetamines alcoholic drinks dangerous illegal sale major problem drug control number drugs produce illusions hallucinations drugs distorted images objects objects exist experience sensations external
ear consists parts outer ear middle ear ear outer ear includes ear canal part ear feel hairs lining ear canal wax produced cells canal protect ear foreign bodies infectious organisms sound waves caught outer ear directed ear canal cup hands ears sound waves caught hear distinctly dogs effect raising ears middle ear small drum cavity skull inside ear canal membrane separates middle ear outer ear called eardrum membrane separates middle ear ear membranes small bones hammer anvil stirrup sound waves strike eardrum vibrations vibrations movement small bones middle ear movement bones vibrations transmitted outer ear opening middle ear eustachian tube connects middle ear nose throat tube admits air middle ear balances air pressure sides eardrum swallow eustachian tubes open allow air pressure middle ears adjusted
undigested foods absorbed villi pass large intestine food highly fluid mixed digestive juices water reabsorbed large intestine enters blood stream important functions lower part digestive tract quantities bacteria live large intestine bacteria harmless serve purpose tearing waste materials wastes large intestine consist undigested foods masses bacteria dead cells lining intestine peristalsis large intestine slow hours required material pass feces eliminated bowel movements hours peristaltic movement goes smoothly digestive juices poured amounts person digestion muscles glands digestive tract supplied nerves autonomic nervous system impulses nerves conscious control indigestion mean loss appetite bad taste mouth pain abdomen vomiting diarrhea emotional strain appendicitis gallstones ulcers stomach intestines case person seek medical assistance find symptoms needed remove symptoms persist
blood pressure refers pressure blood walls arteries walls arteries elastic involuntary muscles blood arteries stretched pressure walls keeps blood flowing smaller arteries capillaries heart beats blood forced arteries increasing pressure pressure arteries heartbeat systolic pressure pressure beats diastolic pressure systolic pressure higher diastolic diastolic pressure maintained longer periods blood pressure tends low person tired ill eat low blood pressure means blood flows slowly tissues food oxygen person low blood pressure feel tired interest activity exercise raises blood pressure excitement fear lie detector tests based blood pressure pulse rate person lying afraid found heart likely beat faster blood pressure likely rise healthy person blood pressure increases stands runs excited blood pressure stays high considered abnormal condition called hypertension high blood pressure high blood pressure dangerous
height weight age tables show weight ranges ages heights tables general averages show exactly person weigh person heavy bones expected weigh person age height small light weight bones healthy child gains regularly height weight adolescent spurt growth person gains rapid rate rapidly reaches adult size graphs page show ranges weight ranges height ages boys fifteen weigh pounds inches tall person wishes gain weight eat foods calories body regular snacks high calorie foods helpful gaining weight extra weight body makes heart extra studies overweight women shown likely develop heart disease high blood pressure diabetes overweight average die younger suffer fatigue ailments backache foot trouble overweight lose weight person eat amount food supplies fewer calories body needs
smooth muscles walls blood vessels stomach intestines hollow tubes body person control involuntary muscles show striations microscope accounts smooth muscles smooth muscles strong contract slowly nerves smooth muscles autonomic nervous system microscope heart cardiac muscle looks striated muscle acts involuntary smooth muscle voluntary control nerve impulses heart muscle increase decrease rate contraction exercise heart muscle contracts faster force body rest soreness soon exercise due tearing thin connective tissue muscle cells rest protect injury heat bring blood muscles help heal injury massage harm cases soreness stiffness appears exercise helped exercise sort heat massage chief liniment rubbing liniment skin certainly reach muscle rubbing helps circulation pulled muscle involves tear muscle covering group muscle cells seen sprinter trackmeet suddenly check hobble stop
accidents chief death united states persons high school age recent deaths young aged fifteen twenty due accidents case accidents result carelessness accidents frequent older young older move quickly hear young recover injuries easily americans killed accidents battles major war united states part deaths injuries especially high young drivers twenty percent drivers twenty age drivers age group involved percent nation automobile accidents insurance companies charge higher rate automobile insurance persons twenty drive car present accident rates continue person fifteen age injured automobile accident die older drivers involved fewer fatal automobile accidents young drivers fifty fifty age fewest number accidents licensed driver drivers age twenty accidents person age group drivers ages fifteen twenty fatal accidents driver drivers ages fifty sixty
dogs bats cats squirrels foxes coyotes animals infected rabies recent bats found spread disease widely separated areas rabies virus virus saliva infected animals transmitted animals human beings bites animals rabies develops fatal human beings animals virus travels nerves bite brain virus ten weeks longer reach brain brain infected person animal excited reason dogs rabies commonly referred mad dogs run snap meet later paralysis develops muscles swallowing paralyzed animals drink water disease called hydrophobia meaning fear water person bitten dog report immediately physician dog killed isolated watched physician decide give treatment wait known dog rabies rabies show symptoms die weeks animals immunized rabies vaccination dogs required places treatment prevent rabies developed louis pasteur called pasteur treatment
began live villages towns cities organized governments passed laws govern matters important group citizens deal individually services provided governments police fire protection provision protection water supplies disposal wastes protection improvement health early days communicable diseases constituted greatest health hazard prevention chief health concern governments quarantine smallpox vaccination early measures prevent spread communicable diseases discovery communicable diseases caused microorganisms measures destruction microorganisms developed included purification drinking water sanitary disposal sewage pasteurization milk inspection food supplies destruction insects transmit disease modern cities exist services gradually services interest health added responsibilities government services combat disease improve health provided business labor organizations voluntary health associations local government united states began town councils today public health services responsibility town county governments services city county town health department renders include collecting vital statistics records births marriages deaths death important diseases occur community
industry employees vacations sick leaves pay states employees insured accidents job labor unions programs providing health care hospitalization sick benefits members families industries special hazards mining involves dangers cave ins poisonous explosive gases fires floods metalworking dangers involved working furnaces hot metals dangerous chemicals factories trades workers exposed dust gas fumes sparks radioactive substances present hazards industries danger industry careless machines laws require hazards industry reduced workers understand dangers connected willing share protecting responsibility workers industries wear protective equipment goggles masks helmets responsibility observe safety precautions carelessness result injury death laws require compliance sanitation standards industrial plants water safe sewage properly disposed rest rooms provided ventilation adequate addition industries provide rest periods workers hot lunches clean quiet lunchrooms health examinations special safeguards young workers industry laws limit kinds young employed hours labor
travel riverhead county seat suffolk county north shore york city pass rocky point port jefferson northport huntington curving numerous coves necks side excursions travel westward notice country hilly rocky coast line irregular south shore wooded pasture land watered brooks constantly surprised topping hill abruptly cozy cove cold spring harbor sound comes nestles charming bays trees overhang deep water north shore pleasant contrast sandy flatlands southern island necks especially interesting pieces land peninsulas stretching sound peninsula land formation surrounded sides water island discovered bristling peninsulas rockaway peninsula north fork south fork eaton neck lloyd neck neck mention larger south shore peninsulas necks north shore created waves contrast found south shore high bluffs common north shore island rise sharply water height hundred feet
clams oysters shellfish considerably influenced lives island indians white later inhabited island found large piles shells marking sites ancient indian villages shell heaps measure feet depth acres area size heap depended length indian tribe camped spot number indians tribe island farmer discovered shells ground excellent fertilizer oysters clams crabs formed large part indians food colonial dutchman oysters legs indians starve addition shell purposes properly shaped served drinking cup arrowpoints cut sea shells making pottery shells crushed mixed clay act reinforcement flat shells pierced holes worn pendants suspended neck indian graves lined wall sea shells interesting sea shells making wampum word wampum comes early interpretation algonquian word wampomeag meaning string shells word wampum seawan indian shell money manufacturing wampum indian shell beads cutting sea shells small pieces drilling hole center piece
september englishman henry hudson anchored tiny vessel half moon coast island hudson dutch east india company find northwest passage leading american continent china thinking jamaica bay passage attempted sail rockaway inlet water sand bars shallow water blocked entrance forced turn hudson landed coney island look situation greatly impressed land full tall oaks land pleasant grass flowers seen sweet smells unfortunately excursion ended sadly englishmen insulted indians greet fight broke englishman john coleman killed comrades carried hudson sailors white set foot island fought battle indians whites island beginning hudson white island credit hundred hudson voyage john cabot sailing english explored atlantic coast north america sighted island
settled island farmers settled hempstead found plain running east west stick stone produces fine grass makes exceedingly hay small benefit town owns cut forests tilled soil indians helped showing colonists plant corn fertilize plant dead fish main island farmers grew crops eat corn wheat crops feed cattle livestock hay oats flax grown linsey cloth partly linen partly wool tobacco raised supply local market colonial farmer realized island excellent place raising livestock market hempstead plains formed natural pasture land acres size plenty fine marsh grass fringes island excellent cattle fodder cutting york city grew larger larger demanded farm products simple thing island farmer drive sheep hogs cattle landings ship boat city
fishing comes naturally islanders pleasure profit white set foot shore fishing played important role history mere fact live island encourages reap harvest sea island indented numerous bays inlets billions fish seek shelter ocean order spawn give birth ideal fishing grounds early inhabitants island east end fishermen farmers order add sea food diet fishermen knew fish catch today engaged exciting catch extinct island waters whales whales uncommon sight coast island occasionally washed beaches east hampton southampton woman happened traveling east hampton bridgehampton counted thirteen whales stranded beach whale oil lighting lamps brought high price market demand whale oil flexible whale bone grew townspeople set whale watch watcher stationed top high sand dune tell tale black hulk white spume whale rose water duty person arouse town cry whale
common varieties fish abound island bluefish weakfish flounder eel sea bass mackerel blackfish porgy sand tuna swordfish twenty varieties lack fish quiet bays ocean commercial fishermen catch pounds fish worth roughly noticed row stakes sticking water shore fish traps set fishermen catch harvest sea poles strung fish nets creating wall guide fish huge pocket net feet diameter impossible escape fish caught gill nets nets designed catch fish entangling gills net allowed hang water series cork floats stretched line fishermen frighten schools passing fish net surround fish net net hauled fish contrast oyster industry run large corporations island fishermen independents boats operate small scale deal tides currents winds favorable fishing sea bottom habits fish
important law enforcement agency nassau county county police department police arrest criminals investigate disturbances direct traffic general maintain peace headquarters building mineola radio station teletype machines detection laboratory complete file persons arrested county laundry mark bureau persons traced laundry marks clothing nassau county police system maintains precincts county precinct captain police force county police look unincorporated areas towns county incorporated village desires join county police maintaining police department unincorporated villages belong suffolk county established similar precinct county police district county purchasing agent heads department buys materials nassau county departments separate department buy supplies equipment left purchasing department money saved department position bargain separate departments thousands orders involving furniture paper supplies printing hospital equipment food police cars pass office larger orders county purchasing agent required bids wishes obtain bids order places notice paper
aware island high place history present nation hudson voyage westward ocean island shores lindbergh trail blazing flight eastward island paris story story america chapter introduce outstanding women island history visit houses listen tales glimpse modern colleges universities libraries museums bring enjoyment learning millions culture mean artists poets writers musicians paintings poetry books operas museums libraries colleges orchestras mean possesses aids improvement mind judge superiority nations past cultural works place ancient greece top history peoples hottentots africa scarely noticed island endowed finest cultural institutions country island home junior colleges higher institutions learning colleges universities prepare young professions business careers brooklyn leads ten
number memorials found island commemorating historic events imposing soldiers sailors memorial arch entrance prospect park brooklyn dedicated fought civil war fort greene park brooklyn tall column known martyrs monument erected memory american seamen soldiers citizens died aboard prison ships wallabout bay revolution oyster bay find grave theodore roosevelt president united states stone grave bronze tablet words theodore roosevelt eyes stars feet ground adjoining burial plot roosevelt bird sanctuary trailside museum monument captain john underhill perched hill locust valley overlooking matinecock lands bought indians underhill remember famous indian fighter slew massapequas fort neck halesite island sound nathan hale revered bronze plates set boulder water edge nathan hale landed connecticut shore search information movements british army smithtown huge bronze bull commemorating richard smith survey smithtown curious hercules gazes stony brook harbor visit town
ability draw sound generalizations facts significant skills individual develop presented overview political status europe read material carefully justifiable generalizations able develop england prosperous kingdom national sense sharing common language conscious national feeling country political unit rulers begun convert england kingdom checking feudal powers landed nobles purpose king allied gentry non noble country squires rising class city merchants tudor ruler henry vii support rising urban middle class eager maintain economic prosperity policies promoted magna carta english kings accepted restrictions power english nobles upper clergy gentry shared governing country representatives parliament largely advisory body king parliament gradually gained genuine power approve taxes henry vii strong monarchs western europe managed finances call parliament session parliament institution established able survive move gradually powerful position centuries
renaissance advances intellectual plane interests ranged widely period bold overseas exploration began final fifteenth century continued sixteenth european navigators chartered dangerous courses sea rugged sailors set challenge unknown tiny ships dwarfed ocean waves exploration universe ended sailing vessels feet length feet greatest breadth average speed miles hour wind tonnage modern ocean liners thousand times heavier fifteenth century ships captains pilots guided vessels simple compass astrolabe observing position stars europeans explored foggy atlantic stars invisible navigators frequently lost course disaster occurred crews consisted forty suffered severe malnutrition fear alternating boredom violence frequently broke members crew rumors horned sea serpents scaly monsters floating waves added general uneasiness danger greatest sailors prayed safe passage home lands discovered small group brave romanticized heroes historical fiction estimated expedition member chances returning alive fifty fifty risk shipwreck illness dangers
earliest beginnings organization christian church beset differences dogma prescribed religious belief groups churchmen differed nature trinity nature god jesus powers pope images matters result differences church split roman catholic eastern orthodox churches church byzantine empire called greek orthodox russia russian orthodox extreme differences labeled church heresy statements opinion doctrine contrary true beliefs holding heretical ideas expelled church cases condemned death protestant reformation began difference interpretation church ended greater split church known understand governments involved reformation realize middle ages church played dual role europe offering spiritual leadership religious guidance established political power privileged institution closely related governing power states decline middle ages struggles broke rulers pope position church states involved issues appointment higher clergy bishops cardinals offices carried sizable income political power church insistence clergy tried courts secular courts church virtual freedom taxation
england establishing foundations democracy home english building powerful empire overseas india north america possession overseas empires rivalry empires major element determining relations western european countries wars mentioned preceding chapter war spanish succession war austrian succession war involved overseas conflicts chief rivals conflicts england france spain participating rival england times reluctantly ally france fact series wars england france referred hundred war wars mentioned fought american revolution french revolutionary wars napoleonic wars discussing greater detail let look background developing colonial rivalries sixteenth century portugal spain leaders establishing contacts east coast africa america eventually portuguese set trading posts java sumatra moluccas spice islands part indonesia today ceylon goa west coast india spaniards pacified philippine islands gained considerable empire americas florida southward including mexico central south america islands west indies
modern times era begin locate beginning eighteenth century point today institutions attitudes ways looking problems originated today major approaches eighteenth century appeared realm ideas economic aspects everyday lives vast majority europe remained medieval times early nineteenth century engaged farming lives centered activities villages elements change pattern appeared scientific revolution seventeenth century eighteenth century enlightenment agricultural revolution early industrial revolution set stage era rapid change nineteenth twentieth centuries major intellectual change eighteenth century widespread acceptance educated idea reason achieve solutions problems kinds scientific social easy origins attitude rationalism descartes scientific method francis bacon achievements newton seventeenth century scientists writings john locke psychology enlightenment thinkers applied newtonian methods problems areas psychology education government religion law codes treatment criminals slave trade economic
term enlightenment referring ideas writings period implies intentionally era light thrown problems previously shrouded darkness obscured dimness germany movement called aufklarung literally clearing france writers involved referred les lumieres literally lights enlightenment embraced body ideas originating england views widely dealt popularized french writers called philosophes ideas enlightenment spread western german states educated persons austria prussia familiar enlightenment ideas immanuel kant lived konigsberg east prussia leading writer german aufklarung impact educated spain italian states eastern europe affected catherine familiar enlightenment ideas enlightenment effect russia major ideas involved nature learns religion morality government reform law codes treatment criminals international peace past future words enlightenment renaissance largely concerned problems group french philosophes writers popularizers ideas closely identified enlightenment social classes ranging artisan lower middle class rousseau nobility robe montesquieu hereditary nobility marquis de wealthy tax farmer baron
let george common phrase traced days king louis xii france louis relied heavily georges minister courtiers began whisper satirically let georges contrast saying contemporary expression thing difference clear delegating aspects feeling deeply human experience close eighteenth century early nineteenth century movement known romanticism favored attitide romanticism involved drive individualism conviction importance emotions feelings called sentimentality eagerness feel deeply live fully termed revolt rationalism eighteenth century romanticism tended idealize past especially middle ages knew high adventure performed exciting chivalrous deeds heroism watchwords romanticism romanticism glorified beauties nature especially excited melancholy somber feelings mountain glen waterfall rhine river winding past castle ruins hills romantics moved suffering felt suffering helped person achieve fulfillment full development individual personality ideal romanticism involved worship originality genius natural outgrowths individualism
nationalism word feelings country refers strong loyalty identification community larger merely local unit town village community includes sizable group living area speak language follow customs look historic traditions profess religion nationalism played important role outlook express sentiment nationalism seventeenth early eighteenth centuries primary loyalty directed village town parish local unit french revolution spirit nationalism loyalty larger nation important western europe later nineteenth century nationalism spread eastward central europe balkans twentieth century nationalism grew asia latin america recently black nationalism powerful force africa american negroes england island position homogeneous population achievements sixteenth seventeenth centuries developed nationalism countries true loyalty devotion britain pride navy empire evident queen bess onward authority modern nationalism hayes called traditional aristocratic nationalism french revolution form termed hayes revolutionary democratic nationalism
exercising belief legitimacy congress vienna restored called legitimate legally recognized dynasty throne france louis xviii monarch stout gouty sufficient common sense avoid mistakes led execution brother louis xvi louis xviii moderate course governed terms charter granted charter provided king cooperate national legislature making laws legislature elected carefully limited number voters considerable amount property order able vote charter guaranteed religious freedom louis xviii died brother count artois king charles autocrat believed louis xvi lost concessions choice drive driven attempted restore absolute power monarchy curtailed religious freedom strengthened position catholic church gave nobles large sums money loss property french revolution interfered activities businessmen issued royal decrees july ordinances suspended freedom press dissolved chamber deputies gave king powers crush liberty result acts rebellion broke july
terms balance power europe entered era unification germany italy earlier balance power europe upset powers unique position set aims influenced actions international scene era imperialism overseas ambitions tensions part driving force power struggle unification germany bismarck formulated germany aims terms changed position germans german empire non germans poles french danes inside bismarck felt germany reached correct historic boundaries seek additional territory maneuver diplomatically assure security boundaries france bent revenge possibly dangerous russia combination powers threaten germany bismarck aimed isolate france prevent alliance france russia secure strong ally austria hungary open called wire st petersburg maintaining alliance understanding kind russia diplomatic crises germany operate carefully secure interests curb rise rival france bitter defeat franco prussian war loss alsace lorraine germany startled germany rapid recovery payment money indemnity germany
germany pay declared french finance minister bitterly surveyed battered condition france war efforts rebuild economic health france draining strength germany reparations likely successful problems remained solved postwar france war ravaged france according figures economic historian shepard clough devastated regions buildings coal mines iron mines damaged destroyed percent arable land devastated percent cattle disappeared french foreign commerce shrunk point exports percent imports percent weight franc lost percent purchasing power france faced postwar problems loss manpower result war combined low birth rate sharply reduced france labor force according professor clough france population decreased million million loss percent number males ages commerce declined france volume railway transportation declined percent france lost foreign markets problems included france increased indebtedness amounted billion gold francs owed foreign nations ineffective tax system tensions caused french quest security revival germany
nicholas ii tsar russia lacking intellectual brilliance imagination confidence felt rule russia wished firm believer principle autocracy alexandra wife equally determined tsar enjoy absolute authority tried prop husband actions lacked firmness angel wrote tsar rules duma russian parliament alexandra nicholas ii deeply attached son alexei suffered hemophilia hereditary blood disease boy bleed death religious charlatan called rasputin saved grateful alexandra woman mystical inclinations permitted rasputin influence decisions royal family helped gain considerable power russian government rasputin pierre gilliard member imperial household tall hair beard piercing grey blue eyes thick bushy eyebrows powerful figure throne rasputin proved wastrel heavy drinker low moral standards gained influence wanted positions government placate rasputin dislike ruin career despite efforts tsar advisers rasputin removed power alexandra influence prevailed weak ruler
eighteen communist leaders drew statement camps formed camp imperialism democratic forces headed united states imperialistic democratic camp headed soviet union battle opposite camps waged war ii communists continued drive relentlessly opposed result cold war struggle soviet union supporters side united states allies selwyn lloyd british secretary foreign affairs called strange war formal declarations war advancing retreating line flags pinned scoreboard tell stand moment real clash struggle east west key features european postwar period war ii drew close leaders allied powers held conferences yalta potsdam germany agreement reached provisional territorial europe ussr ceded part eastern poland part east prussia rest east prussia german land east oder neisse rivers ceded poland western allies assumed final settlement boundary conference war conference held
half twentieth century students looking political map saw vast areas non european especially africa southern asia oceania splashed colors colonial powers europe reddish tint identify britain dominions colonies clearly explained proud claim sun sets british empire purplish hue france dominated northwest africa colors representing netherlands portugal italy belgium germany prominent contrast independent nations national states reached total mid nations formed dependencies european powers colonialism dead breaking colonial shackles isolate europe numerous ties trade remained forms involvement developed let look patterns involvement instances european powers simply pull stakes leave colonies nations carved french china won sovereignty costly guerrilla warfare french nations won independence lengthy negotiations agreements included timetable steps limited government full independence number agreements gave european power special rights responsibilities maintain defense bases special trade privileges obligation help training native soldiers civil servants
egypt post war ii period troubled land egyptians dissatisfied corruption inefficiency king farouk government disturbed social economic inequalities country influence british egypt affairs egyptian reformer gamal abdel nasser problem restore human dignity egypt summer major general mohammed naguib group army officers revolted king farouk forced abdicate june egypt proclaimed republic lieutenant colonel gamal abdel nasser rebel leaders soon spokesman egyptian nationalists april replaced naguib prime minister later nasser chosen president real power king farouk overthrown british soldiers remained egypt control suez canal nasser determined force october britain agreed remove troops suez canal zone british troops withdrew june britain reserved reoccupy base suez egypt turkey arab states attacked egyptians free foreign control nasser attempted build military economic strength egypt failed convince nations west provide arms deal czechoslovakia exchange egyptian cotton communist planes tanks artillery
going land york asked tom carter met kathleen connell board ship loaded passengers going america late family live boston kathleen replied aunt helen found place stay wrote job hear ireland hard tom spoke hungry potato crops failed row yes replied kathleen crop failures hurt farmers father makes wagons farmers money buy wagons price food food scarce taxes heavy burden money things england tom jobs hard find hear easier find america young immigrants stood ships railing tom mind wandered crowded docks liverpool thought thousands united states troubled europe land promise kathleen turned tom think future store asked
find mediterranean sea isthmus suez peninsula arabia bodies water surround isthmus suez arabia desert grow half circle fertile land runs arabia north fertile land rich soil plants grow water plants animals half circle land called fertile crescent shape crescent moon find fertile crescent map country palestine western part fertile crescent west palestine isthmus suez separates red sea mediterranean sea red sea west africa land egypt egypt nile river flows northward mediterranean coast nile spreads fan enters sea channels river mouth called delta land nile delta banks river fertile place plant grain nile river overflowed banks spring brought plenty water layer mud rich soil growing grain west east huge deserts water raising plants animals river valley lies eastern end fertile crescent
golden age athens lasted fifty rivalry greek cities dead athens strong fleet leader group island cities sparta leader group cities mainland war broke groups fields olive groves athens laid waste crowded walled city safety food water dreadful disease spread city killing thousands pericles died war dragged thirty athens worn misery disease starvation war ended athens ruined fleet thousands citizens died wealth lost proud leadership downfall athens beginning downfall greece city able place athens cities continued disagree unite possession greece ready north greece lay country macedonia find map page macedonia fierce warriors ruled king named philip philip greece knew greek cities quarreled
europe continent uneven coastline europe western part land mass eurasia mediterranean sea south europe look map europe middle ages notice ocean lies west north europe find north sea baltic sea seas large peninsula norway sweden peninsula denmark northwest coast europe islands called british isles narrow water passage british isles mainland europe english channel find map europe mountain lowland country locate higher mountain ranges map pyrenees alps carpathians mountains wall divides northern europe southern europe read mediterranean lands spain italy greece mountainous lands mountains high climate valleys lowlands warm pleasant north pyrenees alps carpathians lowland plain climate cooler eastern europe cold north winds sweep arctic bring freezing weather winter country forest covered find ural mountains russia fence separates europe asia find ural river flows lowland country caspian sea lowland gateway ural river huns
hilda weaver woman allowed helpers deal freedom quiet busy shop weavers talked worked laughter shop shuttles flew fro case morning weavers anna cousin crusade told anna strange places seen anna repeated stories proudly weavers market place acre anna cousin saw beasts called camels hump backs wild animals anna trained carry heavy loads beasts travel distances food drink loads wide deserts loads market anna fine soft cloth finer master hilda weaving ay finer shining pieces weaving thick rich patterns put floors heard jewels spoke kinds spices cooks castle seen knock door silenced hilda master room opened door woman stood tall girl cousin inge hilda tell want
trade carried peacefully rulers europe fighting wealth power countries war tried colonies battles fought sea rulers wanted land believed colonies mean wealth power strong nations europe taking lands colonies map european exploration shows colonies looking key tell country colony belonged colonies independent countries bitter rivals spain england spain rich ships king philip spain called master sea english nobles queen elizabeth ruled england elizabeth encouraged english sea captains set trade adventure sea english captured cargoes gold silver spanish ships carried spanish king built fleet destroy english navy called invincible armada unbeatable fleet hundred large ships sailed spain english channel english ready war fleet english ship armed fishing boats let spanish ships pass channel english attacked rear smaller english ships turn sail faster
dad want talk don want cod fisheries let olaf wants enjoyed trip don want fishing business plans yes guess north sea oil excited oil business think rich overnight karl government big companies rich oil drilling worries big blowout spilled oil waters oil spilled blowout ruin fishing grounds dad re worried remember experts america cap blowout rough days couldn bergen chance talk hey find oil means money inside fellows rich fishing industry dad fellow lot education gave ideas oil oil mean energy start industries norway mean re figuring studying oil yes liked chemistry amazing things petroleum split parts applying heat
france natural boundaries sides look natural boundaries map north english channel west bay biscay part atlantic ocean southwest pyrenees mountains separate france spain southeastern coast france borders mediterranean alps jura mountains form eastern border look map find hilly central plateau southern france hills brittany rest country covered plains mountain barriers separate part country find rivers france seine loire garonne rhone rivers connected canals plains cover france easy build roads canals railroads helped unite easy move goods place france location trade france atlantic sea route europe americas france port mediterranean ships sail suez canal east english channel lies britain france location carrying trade france excellent climate farming westerly winds ocean help give france mild climate plenty rain farming
karl lived village switzerland city basel uncle dye factory basel karl liked visit factory liked river front basel liked boats puffing docks wished ride rhine river karl uncle learned wish arranged trip karl captain al braun boat siren cargo boxes packages cheese chocolate dyes fertilizer northern river ports river flowed level plain boat passed green fields neat farmhouses distance sides rose mountains left shore france mountains farther germany mountain wall nearer mountains side high covered dark evergreen trees black forest captain braun called karl asked questions map notebook brought wanted notes things captain braun told pass towns watched boats passed boats pulled heavy barges carry asked karl coal captain told switzerland plenty hydroelectric power coal
hassan called cousin safia hurry exciting news walked school hassan letter rachida wonderful news rachida older sister university tunis continued chosen part group young women president bourguiba sending villages rural areas want safia interrupted let finish hassan going teach women health proper foods explain president program give women equality going help liberate americans say read jehan sadat wife egypt president working women progress egypt tunisian women liberated true women cities safia villages women lucky yes true hamid told poor conditions villages brother help women customs prevent contact women busy helping safia older brother hamid studied agricultural engineering university tunis employed government bring farming methods continued hamid pleased hear news
congo basin belt dense tropical forests rivers north east south pour waters congo river map africa landforms shows congo shallow basin plains land slopes gradually plains surrounding plateau highlands congo basin area dense green rainforest trees kinds grow valuable hardwood trees chief forest product congo basin palm nut nuts chief foods gather palm nuts export palm oil nuts europe north america making soap margarine diamonds forest lands congo basin mbuti pygmies live congo basin groups living congo basin called mbuti pygmies feet tall mbuti farm cattle hunters gatherers food escape enemies wits trap large animals elephant buffalo leopard cleverly hidden nets pits covered branches leaves kill animal poisoned arrows spears mbuti cross rivers swinging side ropes twisted vines vines fastened trees
asia earth largest continent extends arctic circle equator asia earth land times large europe half live continent asia hundreds europe called asia east east europe today americans speak asia east asia actually west north america oldest civilizations began asia culture east rich thousands ago civilizations began parts asia tigris euphrates rivers southwestern part asia valley center early civilization early culture grew indus river spread ganges river rivers pakistan northern india today early civilization began northern china wei hwang ho rivers pages political map asia shows nations asia boundaries map find rivers early cultures began notice china soviet union largest nations asia india saudi arabia large countries asian nations islands japan indonesia phillipines island nations countries asia
small country asked king mongkut surrounded powerful countries suppose wanted fight buy weapons manufacture weapons warships mongkut king thailand watched strong european nations control countries asia mongkut want happen country trying fight words wisdom country free mongkut born age buddhist priest didn live future ruler traveled country learned lived monks barefoot begged food studied deal read history learned english languages favorite subjects astronomy asian countries let european traders fighting stronger european country able gain power asian country mongkut saw happening thailand neighbors burma malay british colonies including laos cambodia french mongkut agreed trade european countries foreign teachers thailand learned turn tried build respect thailand independent nation dealt british french thailand buffer colonies countries
thousands tiny islands east philippines part western pacific larger united states extent land area tiny islands put larger delaware islands small part ocean called micronesia means islands main groups islands marianas carolines marshalls gilberts gilbert islands belong britain marianas united states war ii carolines marshalls ruled united states mariana islands miles km east philippines find islands map top page hilly islands green beautiful shores covered graceful coconut palms breadfruit banana trees waving sugar cane spreads coastal plain flat plateaus sugar coconut important crops copra dried meat coconut exported valuable trees sandalwood rosewood guam largest mariana islands guam belonged united states planned busy united states air base part united states pacific fleet based marshy inlet changed harbor dredging building breakwater coral rock
transportation important country large australia roads railroads built railroads ship wheat wool cattle market highways built trade port cities handled ships towns ranches mines australia airplane radio important ranch mining camp northern western australia radio touch headquarters flying doctor service doctor ready fly ranch mine reports accident illness australia called lucky country lucky small population vast lands minerals give chances success zealand thousand miles km southeast australia zealand size colorado fourth country consists main islands small find islands map zealand locate zealand map pages zealand main islands mountainous lowland plains coast live north island volcanoes feet high hot springs geysers yellowstone park south island volcanoes
sunday walking high weeds betsy found snake gray yellow neck yellow underneath betsy liked sorts wild things snake mother hated snakes father care brother try pinch bite hide took house found snake mother snakes house mother snakes house betsy caught snake put jar snake quickly inside small basket put lot grass put snake basket closed top left morning monday betsy dressed quickly ready carpool kind pool swim school morning car children mark jill ronnie mother drove mother drove called carpool children took things school show friends book doll seashell betsy snake mark mother pick betsy took basket snake
carpool mark mother picked betsy mark ronnie jill school find car mrs nichols asked betsy betsy leave sweater betsy maybe boxes whispered ronnie mom boxes asked mark things mother bought boxes ronnie boxes mark mother returned betsy whispered ronnie sighed betsy place snake homer birthday snake garage early morning dropped pieces toast raisins jar hi ringneck snake homer rapped finger jar hey think call ringer homer homer winthrop heard mother calling ok mom ready school school homer sat barney snake whispered barney ok whispered homer quiet teacher feed whispered barney homer wrote notebook gave barney poke barney leaned homer written notebook raisins toast things farmers grow ohio teacher barney ferguson barney looked raisins toast
morning homer decided ringer walk dropped jar bunch girls street playing show thought homer bet scream girl striped dress look boo stuck jar front nose screaming girl grinned goodness find took jar homer surprised let opened jar took ringer held hand hey homer don call hey snake girl betsy mean snake homer yelled mine birthday grab snake quiet girl scare give homer mine aunt gladys bought gift wrapped betsy proves mine caught took school escaped box bet aunt gladys didn box looked snake sure glad found anyway thanks
older boys didn crowd easily jim wriggled squeezed squeezed tall fat woman couldn fire felt air pressed tight feeling staying thought pull find roddy pulling harder sounded fact squeeze pushing jim backed crowd took deep breath saw roddy running punch cried roddy jim forgotten punch don answered thought left gasped roddy earth suppose minute jim let call walked shouting punch punch punch didn crowd turned look boys lose dog asked cried roddy brother seen haven replied try help spoke crowd boy lost seen began look answer jim wondered
village road pegu lived friends high monkey wide pig handsome fox high wide handsome laziest fellows countryside working hard lay porch village rest house telling stories drinking palm juice high wide handsome liked hang rest house chance traveler treat nice dinner return story hound drove rest house rolling stone rolling stone yellow sports car dressed beautiful clothes high wide handsome seen high wide handsome stared splendid stranger velvet slippers sighed high fancy trousers sighed wide feathered hat walking stick handsome clothes high wide handsome wore looked ordinary rolling stone high wide handsome tiptoed rolling stone drinking palm juice porch high whispered wide think treat nice lunch idea handsome let trick giving beautiful clothes wide handsome whispered plan friends agreed plan rolling stone finished juice ready travel handsome
born wide put trousers walk woods tamarind tree thousand feet high ripe tamarinds looked delicious climbed tree ate full heavy sleepy climb naturally terribly afraid fall tree hurt ran village ladder put ladder tree climbed safely wide nearly burst laughing story looked rolling stone expecting hound say don believe rolling stone showed surprise clever think ladder tamarind tree handsome turn tell story handsome walking stick feathered hat began story handsome chasing rabbit rabbit ran thicket ran grab rabbit turned tiger biggest tiger seen tiger roared opened mouth swallow told unfair eat looking rabbit tiger
automobiles streets roads today hard imagine cars driving carriages pulled horses built automobiles horseless carriages called named henry ford cars henry ford born michigan small boy loved motors engines young worked detroit engine shop began driving horseless carriages decided build spare henry ford finished car didn look today smooth shiny automobiles shaped box sat bicycle wheels seat car steering wheel iron steering bar gather stare henry drove streets detroit horses frightened strange chugging noises car engine run policemen pleased uproar caused thought automobiles worthless laugh shout young henry horse henry ford give
lanny wilton bent low white horse galloped valley mile race begun lanny friend ted ward ted riding beautiful creamed colored palomino horses match speed lanny hoped palomino lanny white horse finally galloped canyon marked end race ted palomino mesa girl ted sight lanny walked slope stopped front thicket greasewood called re ted grinned stepped hiding place find heard birds scolding lanny explained broke branches greasewood oily smell ted sniffed honestly lanny knew nature track indian starting slope lanny reading nature magazines guess comes racing re horse mesa girl won easy beat ted whistled beautiful palomino trotting palomino lanny quietly dad lost lot money ranch father ted ranchers lost money dry season
things looked hopeless saturday lanny promise join ted arrived golden boy ready ride don wish dad bad luck lanny hope won able sell golden boy ted sell cattle need money badly dad says lanny shook head sell cattle don sell cattle grass going waste upper valley creeks grass half eaten nelson forest ranger ted talking dad ask lanny spoke nelson leaving house nelson midsummer creeks dry lanny thought moment couldn dig wells hills cattle grass summer expensive nelson answer problem water valuable thing didn lanny idea growing excitement looked nature magazines found wanted took ranger station nelson article facts won harm write find
japan ago lived hamaguchi wisest village loved honored hamaguchi rich farmer farmhouse stood hillside acre seashore shore scattered hill houses neighbors house ground flat top huge step hillside stretched rice fields harvest hundreds rice stacks dotted hamaguchi fields fine crop tonight village hamaguchi sat house looked village liked join merrymakers tired hot stayed home grandson tada flags paper lanterns hung fluttering streets village gathering dance low sun lighted moving bits color hot strong breeze begun blow sea suddenly hillside shook wave rolling slowly house crackled rocked gently moment earthquake thought hamaguchi worst
saturday uki sakaya took sister shuzuko walk walked paths big housing project lived parents grandmother knew walk fresh green grass lawns hunt hedges walks beetles ants earthworms found ants trying carry dead beetle bigger fun watch tug pull uki saw surprising thing weed big fat green caterpillar red yellow blue spots sides body shuzuko look cried let find box home shuzuko looked empty popcorn box uki started pick caterpillar caterpillar held plant feet wouldn let thing pick branch put branch box caterpillar stopped eating soon uki shuzuko saw begin thought strange open mouth sideways apartment met jack elevator box jimmy asked uki wasn surprised called jimmy japanese children america names uki home jimmy
eddie wilson excited town yearly clean week week gathered things longer wanted things sold help swell united fund sale held big empty store main street eddie sale money saved gotten lots valuable property eddie family call junk matter eddie times father forced admit eddie brought home swell stuff eddie hoping find doll friend anna patricia wanted trade printing press monday afternoon home school eddie stopped store piles things heaped floor women sorting eddie looked women run boy sale tomorrow run re eddie moved door passed pile broken toys sitting top lot battered doll big doll looked treated badly lost wig big hole showed top head
kerby looked mirror saw pale face shades whiter seen stuck tongue half expecting toadstools growing tongue looked eyes rolled circles strange feeling overcame felt describe waldo heard kerby scared cry running matter arrived feeling kerby washing beaker drying paper towel waldo stared questioningly kerby patted friend gently head waldo want apologize dragging hall mean thing won nails scratch mom floors fact later remember polish floors waldo reared gave kerby worried look put chemistry set try experiments room told waldo place play chemicals spill mark furniture fooling playing
tomfool nonsense told mc broom wonderful acre farm set matters straight mc broom josh mc broom explain watermelons minute aim put facts things happened exactly began say left farm connecticut piled youngsters owned air cooled franklin automobile headed west count noses dear wife melissa eleven red headed youngsters names summer trees full birdsong gotten iowa dear wife melissa startling discovery twelve children counted slammed brakes raised cloud dust shouted line youngsters tumbled car counted noses twelve counted twelve count caught larry slipping nose counted mystery solved scamp didn laugh stretch legs bargain thin ambling road scrawny believe hidden flagpole ears wore tall stiff collar diamond stickpin tie straw hat
stood gazing acre farm wasn jumping hot hottest remember turned children bright side things pond bought bit muddy wet let jump cool soon swimming clothes gave signal took running jump moment dry spell struck landed acre dry earth pond evaporated surprising boys jumped headfirst seen legs kicking air pull earth carrots girls holding noses moment ran topsoil fingers farmer heart skipped beat pond bottom felt soft rich black silk dear melissa called look topsoil rich bank sudden fever excitement rich topsoil cry seed dear melissa sack dried beans chester fetch saw need bother plowing field directed polly draw straight row stick tim follow poking holes ground
familiar sign railroad crossings reads stop look listen scientists change sign read stop look learn scientists living plants animals learned sat patiently planned find facts wanted looked carefully sure information result learned deal boy scout girl scout camp nature walk walk woods pond mountain scientists nature walks learn living things scientist studies living things called biologist naturalist biologist studies nature naturalist walk woods study wild animals jungle boat faraway island camped desert bottom ocean scientists found gather facts walk space ask want learn living things course watch ants corner building observe watch flies ceiling birds telephone pole animals zoo
word observation mean seeing eyes course learn senses grabbed rose bush sense touch told sharp needles thorns stung jellyfish swimming ocean sense touch told move fast easy tell eyes closed leaf smoother bark fur collie softer wire haired terrier certainly forget porcupine touched sense smell learn living things flowers beautiful look pleasant odor helps recognize tell peppermint growing garden sharp pleasant smell pine woods easy recognize eyes closed books plants describe odor smell skunk easy forget scientists identify living things taste senses say apples taste sweet sour speak sweet strawberries salty fish sour grapes bitter almonds wild animals learn quickly bite plants bitter sour sharp tastes finally hearing learn living things
seen learn deal biology traveling home biologists explorers places let english biologist charles darwin sailed ship called beagle visited faraway islands shores south america return later brought notebooks filled observations birds insects coral fish brought large nature collection later learn darwin important contribution science famous expedition carolus linnaeus swedish naturalist linnaeus began exploration lapland north journey foot making observations collecting samples making drawings result explorations developed system naming plants animals scientist turned explorer today modern transportation scientists travel wide observe collect learn walk woods give chance living things tall pine trees trailing berry bushes scampering chipmunks squirrel stop nibble nut catch flash red bird wing turn log bugs hurry sight frightened rapid movement garter snake whine green fly
seen watch repair wears glass object eye glass object magnifying glass looks inside watch places magnifying glass front eye lens specially prepared piece glass magnifies enlarges tiny wheels watch lenses invented ancient chinese simplest lens shown fig single glass lens examine wings insect pores skin parts flower eyes lobster enlarge animal tiny flea termite lens simple microscope micro means small scope means microscope instrument small objects suppose wanted enlarge image object lens scientists ago found simple lenses placing inside tube object examined magnified lens larger image lens magnifies image larger image lens specially prepared piece glass magnify small objects lenses give greater magnification lens chemistry learned chemical compound substance elements
imaginary headline imaginary newspaper tells story told happened today actually occurred ago let piece story happened dutchman anton van leeuwenhoek working janitor city hall delft holland interesting hobby ground lenses lenses glass careful grinding process lenses examined find drops rainwater tiny insects saliva decaying plants yeast hundreds objects materials leeuwenhoek lenses singly simple microscope powerful lenses magnify things times true size examining drops water plants decayed amazed find hundreds tiny creatures swimming imagined tiny living things existed reported seeing creatures view leeuwenhoek careful notes drew diagrams things saw called animals beasties wrote discovery english french scientists checked found true leeuwenhoek actually found found animals tiny bodies jobs simple animals called protozoa animals
look brick wall afar looks solid closer look notice bricks identical plants animals cells building blocks living things passed cell theory announced imagine thousands scientists studied cells microscopes built thousands plants animals dissected learned earlier dissect cut smaller parts smaller parts examined microscopes chemical tests cells put facts sure things general cells appearance chemical actions taking place cells chemical actions explain functions kinds dogs easily describe general dog looks tell difference shepherd collie general dogs look alike true cells plant cells differ animal cells plants kinds cells animals kinds cells describe typical cell cell general cells
furnace steam engine filled coal heat fire lit coal burned coal burned energy formed steam drive engine automobile full tank gasoline engine burns fuel gasoline produce energy wheels move living things digested food fuel fuel living engine burned puzzled saying seen fire body course evidences burning taking place burning food bodies fire light flame heat living things simple experiment cup hands breathe air breathed warm cold experience wintertime matter cold air breathe air breathe warm knowledge warm hands cold winter quick check animal alive feel body warmth dead animals quickly turn cold
eat muscle parts animal flesh skin fat attached words steak chops spare ribs tell butcher cut meat inside organs animals food known organ meats examples organ meats lungs liver tongue kidneys sixty percent living matter water cells working correctly amount water cases food forty days continued live unusual failure water ten days generally means death water water clean polluted polluted water dirty water dirty dead plants animals washed dirty factories carelessly dump wastes polluted river water kills fish live unfit drink smells bad tastes bad carry disease germs modern find ways water clean look diagram fig shows laboratory method remove undissolved waste water call process filtration government industry looking ways stop dumping wastes rivers prevent water pollution water treated chemicals destroy odors improve taste
burning coal give energy engine gas gasoline material living things energy comes oxidation food answer amazing compound protein compound compounds phosphorus call atp short cells build atp food atp stores energy cells break atp give energy heat course body needs atp food build atp cycle living things studied protoplasm tissues learned living matter chemicals food proteins changed cells muscle flesh skin mineral iron saw needed building red blood cells minerals calcium phosphorus needed strong healthy bones mineral iodine needed thyroid gland working think protein foods think meat fish eggs milk water basic fluid protoplasm lose water perspiration excretion drink quart water fig tells water common foods proteins minerals water nutrients build cells protoplasm body parts person eat satisfy appetite starved
found land soil surface water deep inside oceans rivers air living things study biologists study oceans forests mountains deserts reason called naturalists set laboratories zoos botanical gardens aquaria study human raise plants animals farms biologists study home biologists explorers study living things course watch dog actions listen whine fly park look tall trees running squirrels listen breathing feel friend pulse course biologist learn lot study living things observation looking listening tasting touching smelling yes senses study keeping records graphs pictures drawings keeping records compare notes remember reread notes help think problems study setting controlled problems answers experiments laboratory learn living things talking farmers hikers campers learn reading books magazines
complete reproduction plants animals solve problems species found male female find mate plants reproduce seeds protected grow animals lay eggs watched warmed animals frogs land crabs return water lay eggs fish salmon swim upstream fresh calm water reproduce young born need special care parents watch eaten animals parents provide food helpless young finally young care compete food shelter charles darwin famous biologist called struggle existence plants animals reproduce cells bodies called asexual reproduction advanced kinds plants animals reproduce combining cells parents found male female called sexual reproduction later sexual reproduction advantage combines traits members species develop traits offspring father son agree saying true true offspring carry traits parents general say offspring carry traits parents
simple bacterium absorbs food grows larger cytoplasm pinches middle splits bacteria takes minutes division daughter cells grow divide cells arithmetic fun bacteria hours weigh tons simple process cell division called fission simplest reproduction methods parent asexual reproduction fig diagram kinds protozoa simple celled animals live naturally ponds easy grow easy study indoors section vi end chapter find directions collecting growing protozoa watch animals microscope grow larger soon reach size begin divide division simple fission splitting unlike bacteria protozoa definite nucleii diagram nucleus grows longer splits daughter cell carries half parent mother nucleus bacteria parent asexual reproduction simplest form reproduction cell division fission bacteria reproduce fission single cell produces huge colony
group vertebrates called amphibians amphibia means lives kinds amphibians frogs toads salamanders frogs born water tiny creatures called tadpoles seen tadpole mistake fish swims whiplike tail removes oxygen water gills baby tadpole grow papa tadpole grows baby frog leaves water moves land called amphibia lives water stage land stage spring frogs begin croaking whistling mating arrived female body swollen hundreds eggs male manufactured millions sperms animals enter pond water female sheds mass eggs examine frog eggs microscope grains yolk scattered cytoplasm male holds female sheds eggs water egg ducts male releases sperms sperm ducts eggs external fertilization parent frogs abandon eggs sperms return land fertilized eggs chromosomes form egg mass swell female surrounds egg mass jelly covering
fertilized eggs drop egg duct hen sits egg body feathers eggs warm incubates egg growth begins air space air pass tiny pores shell mitosis begins hours later tiny blood vessel forms begins beat heart formed blood vessels begin grow bring food embryo days warmth frequent turning egg young chick ready yolk embryo lies egg white liquids suddenly sound heard chick begins pecking shell cracks open comes chick soft wet feathers called soon feathers fluff chick begins chirp starts looking food generation begun saw birds produce fewer eggs frogs success producing offspring birds sure reasons place internal fertilization surer method large amount food membranes shell give added protection incubation mother care hens grow fierce fight protect eggs birds eggs nests hatching mothers fathers protect young nests leave gather food young
large group animals invertebrates animals backbone group invertebrates members jointed legs lobsters shrimps crabs insects insects extremely developed animals land living groups insects special branch biology dealing insects branch biology called entomology teacher grasshoppers preserved alcohol grasshopper insect fairly large parts easy study let examine grasshopper feel body tough tough fingernails insects definite body parts head thorax abdomen count number legs insects legs jointed hand lens tiny openings side body called spiracles remember breathing holes insects breathe air examine grasshopper eyes eye compound eye tiny eye spots head antennae feelers sensitive stimuli pairs wings insects internal fertilization grasshoppers reproduce fall male grasshopper deposits sperms body female female grasshopper digs hole ground drops mass fertilized eggs hole eggs lie ground winter
mendel reports written thought important chromosomes meiosis understood biologists took look mendel jigsaw puzzle fell place factors mendel spoke chromosomes diagram meiosis seen shows meiosis fruit flies produces eggs sperms look chromosomes control heredity show connection chromosomes mendel ideas fruit fly hundreds traits traits controlled section chromosome section genes scientists able draw chromosome maps show parts chromosomes control traits diagram meiosis chromosome pairs separate pair goes gametes partner goes gamete explains mendel idea factors modern say gamete genes gamete gene genes arranged lengthwise chromosomes beads string beads parents carry genes trait genes gamete carry trait fig chromosome fruit fly gene wings chromosome gene short wings
excited question father heard corridor hospital birth child sex baby developed happen chances baby boy girl answer questions found fruit flies fig shows cells male female fruit flies learned fly chromosomes pairs things noticed chromosomes pairs matched partners fourth pair looked male straight hook female partners fourth pair straight easy fourth pair chromosomes controlled sex female called chromosomes male ask happens offspring male female meiosis female cells produce egg cells chromosomes male cells produce kinds sperms half carry chromosome half carry chromosome fig trace happens fertilization sperm fertilizes egg cell zygote female sperm fertilizes egg cell zygote male
plant animal breeding born real knowledge heredity genetics experience showed selecting stock produced offspring able produce pure breeds thoroughbreds animals carried traits wanted purebred animal plant carried dominant genes recessive genes animals undesirable trait breeding today careful records parents animals form pedigrees dog owners look registered dogs pedigrees american kennel club cattlemen cows mated registered bulls pedigree known farmers buy approved seeds known stock method breeding called selection inbreeding pure breeding shorthorn cattle found southwestern part united states known cattle excellent beef problem type cattle live hot dry climate southwestern states hybrids combine traits expert breeders knew brahman cattle india loose flesh able live hot dry climate brahman bulls imported mated shorthorn cows generations matings hybrid formed type cattle called santa gertrudis breed combines traits beef resistance hot dry climate
chemistry science matter matter stuff things chemistry studies matter change matter liquid poured water mercury oil saliva examples liquids matter solid iron wood stone bone examples solids matter gaseous oxygen helium methane examples gases say matter found states forms learned matter simple kind atom chemical elements matter broken simpler matter nature laboratory elements combine chemically form compounds elements combine chemically form compounds properties element oxygen gas combines chemically element hydrogen gas compound formed material liquid called water looks hydrogen oxygen chemical change hydrogen oxygen water chemical change chemists laboratories scientific tools materials apparatus fig shows examples apparatus copy numbers notebook numbered piece apparatus give suggest things home apparatus shown
let put elements hydrogen oxygen bottle ignite burn elements separate elements chemical change place water compound elements formed gases mixed material bottle mixture elements let put compounds salt sugar bottle chemical change compounds combine form compound compounds mixed material bottle mixture compounds let put element sulfur compound sugar bottle chemical change materials remain compound resulted element compound mixed material bottle mixture mixture substances chemically combined substances mixture properties mixtures compounds kind matter mixtures kinds matter chemically combined combined physical means separate atoms molecules remain unchanged add powdered element sulfur dish powdered element iron produce mixture iron filings black sulfur yellow mix specks yellow specks black
making solution mixing molecules faster molecules partners mix faster solution mixing solution complete let easy ways gently slowly place crystals copper sulfate bottom jar water copper sulfate slowly dissolve water color blue glass rod stir crystals water water turns blue faster expect moving molecules copper sulfate mixing water drops red ink medicine dropper gently slowly lower dropper bottom jar water gently squeeze drops ink water slowly remove medicine dropper water slowly pink hurry speed solution guessed stir jar dropped crystals copper sulfate water jar crystals size ground powder jar dropped lump sugar water jar ground lump sugar grains granulated solutes jars broken smaller pieces molecules move faster solvents
label appears bottles medicine common medicine calamine lotion liquid stop minor itch milk magnesia medicine minor digestive upsets examine medicines shaking cloudy clear liquid bottom bottle layer powdery flaky soft solid shake bottle solid bottom disappears liquid evenly cloudy flaky soft solid longer bottom let mix teaspoonful starch bottle water shake let bottle stand hours observe study solutions expect starch dissolve form clear liquid happen amount stirring shaking makes mixture clear light pass liquid unlike salt sugar solution particles starch unlike salt copper sulfate starch sinks bottom bottle type mixture particles suspended hanging liquid solvent mixture called suspension calamine lotion milk magnesia silver polish liquid shoe polish common suspensions shake solid particles mixed evenly liquid didn shake milk magnesia amount solid medicine tablespoon
look unit chapter saw set filter filter paper funnel filter paper paper tiny openings suspension paragraph fine clay caught filter filtering filtration screen suspended particles saw suspension particles settle mixture stands process called sedimentation particles fall bottom called sediment remember sedimentation slow process speed settling depends size particles particles weights suspension separated liquid sedimentation filtration materials tiny holes particles larger holes remain trapped filter ten known tobacco burns coal tar chemicals chemicals believed lung cancer cigarette manufacturers added filter mouth end cigarette claim coal tar filtered smoke smoker inhales government outstanding medical scientists warn filters able filter tars smoking lung cancer don develop smoking habit fill tall cylinder muddy water mud consists fine particles
earlier learned protoplasm water cells working correctly amount water cases food forty days continued live failure water days generally means death kind water water clean polluted polluted water dirty water dirty dead plants animals washed dirty factories carelessly dump wastes polluted river water kills fish live unfit drink smells bad tastes bad carry disease germs germs typhoid fever cholera swimming polluted water infections skin polluted water infects fish clams oysters eating sea food polluted water sick modern find ways water clean government industry looking ways stop dumping wastes rivers prevent water pollution water treated chemicals destroy odors improve taste easy question answer want water clear clean bits dirt floating water bad odors bad taste free disease germs
electricity flows current going material materials metal called conductors current flows complete circle called circuit circuit complete current flows circuit broken open current stops flowing examine diagram fig close switch lamp light course current jump wires circuit open look diagram closed circuit connecting wire electrodes close switch circuit completed lamp lights diagram lowered wires jar distilled pure water close switch lamp distilled water conduct electricity let prepare jars shown filled halfway material solids solutions teacher lower wires solid sugar jar close switch look lamp open switch lower electrodes wires jar solid salt jar close switch happens open switch lower wires sugar solution jar close switch observe happens open switch wash electrodes clean water dry lower electrodes salt solution jar close switch observe happens
fruits give natural acids oranges lemons grapefruits apples taste sour reason earlier studied digestion takes place stomach learned stomach lined gastric glands makes gastric juice gastric juice solution dilute hydrochloric acid later learn acid bacteria live milk milk sugar called lactose bacteria digest lactose milk waste called lactic acid taste sour milk stop milk souring course refrigerator coldness stops bacteria growing soils acid soils swamps woods generally show acid reaction check soil acid simple test fig hold piece red litmus paper tongue turn slightly blue proved saliva slightly basic alkaline result blood saliva blood mildly alkaline intestinal juice alkaline discover soils basic course plants grow alkaline soil bases industry seen sodium hydroxide noh soap ammonium hydroxide nhoh important base manufacturing fertilizers
water colder colder molecules move slowly finally molecules stop stay close solid dissolve solute water solute particles allow water molecules move slowly takes lower temperature water freeze page paragraph saw salts electrolytes form charged ions solutions scientists found electrolytes lower freezing point non electrolytes aluminum sulfate calcium chloride common salt sodium chloride salts electrolytes solutes lower freezing point water degrees centigrade celsius electrolytes acids bases salts lower freezing points non electrolytes rock salt spread icy roads lower freezing point ice melts ice water boils suppose dissolve solute boiling point changed look diagram let check boiling points solutions solvent listed find solution boils solution solution solution reason easy understand solutes raise boiling point water water boils higher temperature potassium chromate salt electrolyte raises boiling point non electrolyte sugar
matter changed size form changed solid liquid gas atoms changed atoms elements combine form substances molecules compounds break atoms form elements compounds size form matter known physical matter changed compounds break free atoms combine form compounds known chemical atom smaller particles particles negative electrical charge called electrons particles positive charge called protons particles neutral charge called neutrons recently chemists discovered tiny particles inside atom called mesons neutrinos book concerned electrons protons neutrons particles arranged inside atom according scientific theory atom small solar system nucleus center atom nucleus protons neutrons moving orbits paths nucleus electrons orbits arranged concentric circles inside orbit hold number electrons description atom developed niels bohr
pencil eraser fastened metal holder book reading printed metal type machines metal building metal skeleton breakfast cooked metal pans alarm clock metal list end daily lives metals later chapters metals chosen jobs airplanes steel coffeepots silver tin solder tungsten light bulbs metals special physical chemical properties suited special job ancient tools stone history known stone age stone age began million ago ago stone wood materials knew surprised learn gold copper metals found metals found native metals uncombined elements ancient found ground ready metal discovery material hammered bent shaped evidence shows discovered copper ago someday visit holy land israel
pick article metal shines aluminum coffee pot metal sleeve holding eraser pencil watch foil wrap sandwiches silver fork pennies dimes pocket shine property metals called luster silver fork copper penny look dull say tarnished tarnished penny buff polish soft cloth luster comes tarnish caused substances air learn later metals pulled molecules stay close property makes cables derricks elevators bridges called tensile strength simple test tensile strength metal hang wire metal strong hook ceiling lower end wire hang known weights lbs adding weights wire breaks wire breaks lbs tensile strength metal lbs thickness wire metal factories tensile strength measured special machine pulls ends wire dial scale tensile strength found copper gold discovered hammered pounded stones shapes
iron shiny oxygen colorless gas iron oxide reddish brown solid zinc silvery metal zinc oxide white copper red sulfur yellow copper sulfide dark brown silver shiny silver color silver sulfide black elements combine compound properties color texture density change cases matter mercury liquid oxygen gas mercuric oxide solid iron nail slowly rust rust compound iron oxide combination takes place remember called slow oxidation silver tarnishes naturally combining sulfur air demonstrations heat combine elements heat energy excited electrons caused leave energy shells move energy shells atoms heat energy combine elements energy electric spark elements combine fig electric spark battery combines hydrogen oxygen form hydrogen oxide water chemical combination join elements compound produce elements let return lavoisier find answer heated mercury combined oxygen form red mercuric oxide
saw metals replace hydrogen acids fact common preparing hydrogen laboratory metals matter fact mercury silver platinum gold hydrogen active replace hydrogen acids zinc iron aluminum magnesium hydrogen active replace hydrogen acids important tool student chemistry look periodic table page numbers upper hand corner box tells number electron shells atom element family ia sodium atom energy shells potassium atom energy shells francium atom energy shells saw potassium active sodium francium active element family family iia magnesium atom energy shells calcium atom energy shells shells active metal family iiia aluminum atom energy shells thallium atom energy shells shells active metal conclude nucleus holds shells force holds outer shells metals weakest outer shells surrender
famous lady statue liberty stands entrance york harbor shiny reddish copper looks dull green joke statue turned green jealousy keeps watching taking trips ocean liners goes found penny bottom drawer dull green shiny coppery penny beautiful silver ring finger darkens aluminum pot shiny week ago dull steel wheels skates turned reddish brown rust color steel chain iron gate peeling rust gate rusting aluminum silver copper lost luster remain unchanged steel wheels skates chain gate suffering worse fate continue rust flake crumble iron left rust iron oxide left metals chemically active elements activity puts metals mercy atmosphere paragraph chemical place slowly caused gaseous elements compounds atmosphere combining metals
metals constructing buildings cars planes ships strong easy form casting machining cutting metals called structural metals important structural metals iron steel aluminum magnesium form alloy aluminum aluminum strong steel density iron weight equal volume iron aluminum modern aviation industry frames wings propellers engine parts airplanes aluminum buildings doors window frames railings aluminum aluminum ladders quickly replacing wooden ladders addition strong light aluminum ductile malleable manufacturing small machine parts learned earlier aluminum corrodes slowly oxidation forms thin coating aluminum oxide alo film protects aluminum corrosion periodic table names metals heard metals compound forms alloys makes manufacture articles special properties mercury quicksilver mercury found cinnabar hgs sulfide mercury extracted roasting ore condensing mercury vapor metal liquid ordinary temperatures
south american found thought silver called plata spanish word silver chemists soon found mistaken silver metal soon platinum platinum silver white malleable ductile harder silver found native nuggets alloyed rare metals osmium iridium platinum jewelry alloy silver gold united states money gold standard means paper money backed gold bars government vaults large bars called bullion paper money notes checks government bullion money checking account history shows metal coins christian era copper gold silver bronze brass iron coins times government issued gold coins silver coins today coins country pennies nickels dimes quarters coins alloys say pennies copper coinage bronze coinage bronze alloy copper tin zinc try pick nickel magnet metal nickel remember attracted magnet
metals outnumber nonmetals living things nonmetals materials metallic elements survive protoplasm studied mixture chemicals forms basis table reviews elements found protoplasm graph fig shows compounds typical animal cell remember metals living things found metallic atoms found ions compounds metals form ions compounds found animal tissues absence metallic ions compounds upsets growth function animal cells blood requires traces sodium ions na potassium ions calcium ions ca magnesium ions mg half blood minerals form salt nacl calcium needed blood clotting calcium form phosphate compound ca po needed build bones teeth hemoglobin pigment red blood cells compound iron want memorize formula interesting chnsfe food provide metal ions need proper health
christo wanted put fence ocean edge petaluma california forty kilometers twenty miles weeks didn idea place forget sounded simple didn turn christo building fence mind artist drawings idea pictured white cloth fence stretching hills valleys catch sun wind ran ocean town didn want trees buildings want houses roads real fences sheep cows signs wanted build fence piece land stretched ocean highway find kind land set fence turned land north san francisco looking christo forty landowners path let cross land hard farmers ranchers understand want put fence fence wouldn cows finally won
kids loved build tree houses playhouses surprise grown ups thing america kinds houses built built houses knew building started maude meagher carolyn smiley moved california decided build house built figured learn course mistakes trying learned bricks testing mixtures mud found strong cut windowpanes car windshields fashioned fireplaces ended mansion size average houses fresno california lives named baldasare forestiere america sicily job digging subway tunnels boston built house built underground ninety rooms built hole ceiling open sky beneath hole planted fruit tree stone castle arizona built auto parts refrigerator trays broken tiles walls stones builder boyce gulley
sarah ida street corner saw sign wasn big stuck folding door help wanted folding door end shoeshine stand stand kind shed platform chairs platform chairs big sign al shoeshine corner sat chairs face hidden newspaper reading sarah ida looked help wanted sign looked stand place thought place tell aunt claudia job kind aunt claudia ask working shoeshine stand sarah ida say shoeshine stand grand avenue aunt claudia say wouldn earning money sarah ida say seen working shoeshine stand grand avenue aunt claudia say give money sarah ida spoke al put newspaper saw face young hair thin gray eyes looked pieces coal set head yes al slid chair shoulders stooped wasn taller
dark stars arrived factory downtown baltimore walking building saw heard studying stray dogs baltimore part degree ecology weeks study center shag large white shaggy haired male black markings stray owner earlier summer shag found shelter hall house push front door open wait leaving help return streets lately shag spending nights bushes sky light blue church bells ringing shag male doberman shag appeared rearview mirror left car follow distance tape recorder camera stray city dogs easier study wild animals shag dobe headed usual feeding spot midway alley joined dogs running garbage garbage sniffed lifted bags tops cans knocked dogs cats rats eating garbage meters heard rats ran
pull pull pull pull gwen heard coach voice ears tried hard think arms pulling water past kicking glide trying breathing stroke felt arms legs water suddenly gwen felt hand foot dragged tried breath air water coughing choking stood middle lane sonny gilbert glide gwen quick temper sonny person bring started coach voice brought short water gwen seeing angry face gwen quickly water workout gwen play want fool beach wasn fault coach sonny grabbed foot excuses won swimming meet coach chance saturday coach lowered voice stop temper gwen mind goal sonny gilbert water gwen jumped water angry sonny hurt coach words working hard getting morning thirty early workout wasn
wilt chamberlain job lifting big boxes full milk bottles mother found mad ran milkman let boy yelled poor milkman surprised lady explained thought twelve wilt taller fifteen things hand grew inches weeks helped basketball players practiced hard helped wilt famous united states high school overstreet high broke scoring record helped team win city public grades overstreet wilt stilt liked friends call dipper likes colleges country trying wilt thought wilt national basketball champions decided university kansas felt blacks treated soon learned black white foot tall basketball players ran problems teams gang wilt run court carrying half team says
clock morning york city asleep garages city sanitation getting trucks ready soon sanitation trucks city streets trucks driven orazio dimaiuta called dee friends kind fifteen proud loaders truck arthur papa pappy twenty full stories laughs vincent campanella vinnie youngest curly black hair black moustache easy smile route truck upper west side manhattan buildings superintendents care super job put garbage cans large plastic bags pappy vinnie hop cab truck carry heavy cans full plastic bags truck drop bags open mouth lift heavy cans high pour garbage mouth full vinnie pulls lever huge iron blade pushes garbage front truck crushing takes room garbage dumped truck makes grinding noise sounds loud early morning
fong ah wah looked china sky searched smiling cloud bring rain sad sky thought food left bit rice cornmeal chickens remained stayed longer starve death poor diet father sisters died famine hard grow crops bare rocky part southern china ah wah lived rain impossible ah wah shook head sadly leave canton grandfather find sixteen head family find earn food mother younger brother ah wah family joined poor farmers leaving land roads canton crowded reached canton found grandfather closing basket stall night weak smiled act surprised welcome news bad fortune spoken wind expecting ah wah talked grandfather finding shook head city crowded starving seeking find grandfather ah wah asked grandfather stroked thin beard
united states hope returning countries didn found poor mexicans mexicans find lonely home knew mexicans united states reasons wanted live government hoped poor ran war raged mexico poor mexicans found california farm workers traveled farm farm harvesting crops crops worked didn homes children place school tomas uribe farm worker crops end california grandparents married perla chavero sixteen mexican girl perla glad united states wished didn moving owners fields worked gave living quarters homes empty chicken house sagging barn perla children born crops
earlier seen scientists study special part science scientists study living things studying biology scientists study laws matter studying chemistry scientists deal matter behaves studying physics scientists study geology learn earth scientists interested stars objects sky study astronomy course big field smaller branches scientists specialize study branch carefully studied heat energy magnetism electricity course studying physics popular singing group making recording hear record home physicist tell moving car shift gears forms colors rainbow sky rainbow drop oil pavement ray flesh clear bone sound trumpet sound drum fall forward subway car bike stops suddenly questions answer study physics answer begin physics branch science studies behavior matter energy applied physics takes answers
laws physics studied behavior liquids studied physicist ocean physicist study air pressure top mountain study behavior light sun set shop open field course test ideas theories physicist works equipped laboratory scientists physicist learns observation experiment watches closely tests ideas physicist studies behavior matter energy precise measurements means makes sure measurements close true measurement say measures feet physicist say measures precisely feet foot say bar weighs pounds say weighs pounds ounces pounds ounces physics studied field inside laboratories physics studied observation experiment measuring quantities carefully precisely learn laws physics learned systems measurement english metric scientists metric system based makes arithmetic easy figure
larry wound alarm knobs clock set alarm clock tomorrow annual boat ride school paid volunteered marshal chances thought dropped sleep faintly heard mother sister going faintly heard father home night shift opened eyes felt strangely rested glanced clock read ten thirty boat playland larry turned clock realized forgotten open alarm knob alarm clock wheels turn mechanical alarm clock mainspring wind tight spring begins unwind begins turn wheels clock wheels motion mechanical energy larry wound alarm spring waiting happened spring unable release let energy energy hidden energy put spring clock larry arm muscles energy shoot piece paper put rubber band boy finger energy stored waiting released stored energy called potential energy
football center tackle crouches low harder push stand bus subway car stand legs baby brother high chair legs spread outward furniture cars buildings tip standing tipping called balance stability objects fall tip mass pulled downward gravity words weight makes fall weight makes fall objects fall tip object stays tip depends shape object put let scientific answers fig shows inch yardstick balanced spot point nail spot exactly inches center stick diagram shows book balanced nail balanced center diagram shows paper plate balanced spot center point balance point mass centered point called center gravity red lines fig show predict center gravity
chapter learned figure figure takes move object let imagine watching boys climb ropes gym boy weighs pounds climb feet top rope boys foot pounds pounds feet boy top minute boy minutes say rate study amount talking power boy top powerful boy james watt inventor steam engine faced hard problem asking compare power engine power horse watt figuring invented unit measure power figured horse pull lift pounds distance foot minute figured pounds foot foot pounds minute pounds foot pounds called unit horsepower figure power engine motor tell horsepower
book deal branches physics sound light study energy find sound light started travel answers questions puzzled difference noise music music saxophone voices women whispering galley united states congress drop oil city street beautiful colors rainbow tv screen shine glasses help crazy mirror skinny look fat boy look tall skinny things learn thousands ago beating drums told villagers meet fight attacking enemy sounds drum beaten earliest forms communication sending receiving messages fire smoke signals ways communicate sound light communication telegraph telephone radio tv depend sound light sound light forms enjoyment pleasure voices musical instruments brought pleasure making music light movies tv brought enjoyment knowledge
sounding objects vibrate speeds fig card makes sound spinning wheel teeth wheel spins faster vibrations increase causing sound change higher note call pitch sound frequency pitch means high sound low sound fig tuning fork vibrates times pitch musical scale tuning fork vibrates times sounds musical scale piano middle string vibrates times high string vibrates times studied sound vibrations saw bodies vibrate frequencies frequency numer vibrations greater number vibrations higher frequency pitch careful testing shows ears condition hear sounds older ears health hearing level drops give idea frequency ask teacher tap middle tuning fork remember makes high tuning forks note piano
friends stand end wooden table friend place ear table stand straight ask hold hands hear scratch table boy ear table hear sound repeat experiment chalkboard discovered idea materials carry sounds idea american indians place ears close ground hear buffalo herd moving nearby experiments show ground carries sound times fast air ago train travel common passengers waiting village station place ears railroad track hear train vibrations sooner tracks air park metal railing friend place ear railing tap gently hear railing code signal talk clapping stones water sounds louder air water carrier sound waves sounds travel material particles vibrate general sounds travel faster water air
records electrical means voices fed microphone recording head machine cuts grooves scratches wavy sound lines master disk thin sheet metal master disk grooves vibrations put thousands disks plastic records buy records speeds disk revolutions minute revolutions minute revolutions minute revolutions minute record player set speed playing lp records turn play longest turn player turntable turns record needle vibrates depends sound waves cut record crystal moving coil head starts electric current electric current amplified tubes speaker set say hi fi high fidelity fidelity means sounds faithfully noise muffling roughness electricity magnetism magnetism electricity tape recorder idea recording tape plastic coated iron oxide magnetic material sounds speech music fed microphone recording head
primary sources main starting places light called agents objects give light look chart show primary sources important stars universe stars radiate shine light hot gases gases stars hot glow say incandescent closest important star universe sun fuels gas oil candle wax matches give light combustion rapid oxidation gases neon glow electrical current goes electric filament wire grow incandescent electric lamp glow white toasters heaters wires glow red nature fire flies special kinds sea plants fish glow give light oxidizing chemicals bodies objects give light directly called luminous happens light luminous object falls surface happens depend surface object diagrams fig light shining surface kinds objects notice happens light light lives traced sun sun light radiant energy objects give light luminous objects receive light
nearest star called proxima centauri light star left ago north star polaris light left star ago light leave north star subtract words light left america discovered fact scientists believe stars cooled dark seeing light left hundreds ago stated light energy energy travel today scientists believe light travels form bunches energy called photons light travels waves scientists believe light waves belong larger family called electromagnetic waves theories help explain light behaves study electromagnetic waves later chapter luminous body shines light goes directions straight lines help explain light behaves call single line light ray single line light rays lines light moving direction touching form beam rays beams directed pointed want fig flashlight shows beam
color clothes color flowers color paints color traffic lights color movies color tv drab dull grays blacks whites wondered colors rainbow flowers minerals course tried duplicate experimented dyes pigments ancient times found ways paint face dye clothes paint beautiful stained glass windows churches color differences color colors combined sir isaac newton noticed glass beads regular faces sides rainbows noticed glass prisms gave rainbows decided experiments prisms prism carefully shaped polished piece clear glass faces prisms sides fig shows prism resemble convex concave lens convex lens prisms base set prism faces light entering prism refracted base concave lens set point prism half convex lens concave lens soon important newton demonstrations shown fig shown fig found white light passes prism
light tiny bundles energy called photons photons travel form waves speed miles vacuum visible light light seen kind light spectrum shows kinds light yes color simple experiment tie foot length clothesline doorknob closed door opposite end rope stretch room hold rope loosely height waist flip rope times rope makes number waves waves high hills crests flip rope speeds distance crests lesser greater crests closer farther crest crest distance called wave length wave length color number crests pass point called frequency wave length longer frequency energy lower hand shorter wave length higher frequency energy violet rays shortest red rays longest move spectrum violet wave lengths shorter frequency greater energy higher
electrical energy flowing wire meets forces try hold forces electrical energy change heat energy heat makes wire glow scientists quickly saw possibility source light electricity scientists started develop parts electric light took calm waiting thomas edison test fewer materials glow brightest longest electric light modern electric light modern electric light shown fig glass bulb thin wire filament glows white incandescent filament metal tungsten melt reaches temperature electric bulb filament glows filament longer air bulb gas argon nitrogen takes place bulb sealed tungsten light pure white deal yellow orange red power light marked bulb watts number watts tell foot candle bulb course larger number watts energy unit light shine brighter watt bulb approximately candlepower light standard candle
young abe lincoln read hold forget read young abe lincoln listened forget heard lincoln memory grab bag full treasures reach pull treasure fact story anecdote needed prove point help answer question speak lincoln stories president lincoln don think correct lincoln explained invented stories told stories jokes remembered hearing reading lincoln told friend habit telling stories jokes young found telling funny story explain simply story teller lincoln story purpose interests lincoln say president say asked special favors tell things tell hard joke scolding order easier visitor asked president lincoln questions lincoln answer answer secret
baby sitting kind job thought interested decided start business thing wanted neighborhood baby sitting service didn choice henry reed baby sitting service started lucky midge glass agreed join service turned midge proved big help solving tough problems jobs baby sitting osborns didn getting told mrs osborn midge job didn girl belinda belinda trick liked torture baby sitters arrived osborns shortly ten clock promised mrs osborn showed house told lunch kissed belinda bye hurried job belinda asked trying sound friendly wasn easy sound cheery friendly staring thick glasses minute arrived didn say expression face begun think couldn talk mrs osborn mentioned finally asking question times answer want drink water
didn baby sitting sunday thing certainly needed strength find monday morning mrs osborn called asked baby sit belinda agreed belinda pulled disappearing stunt usual pretended annoying glad midge clock left hurry wanted stop craig adams friend mine father fooling neat looking equipment stayed leaving showed talkie set bigger battery radios quarter mile adams toy craig found fishing re fishing small stream danger deep water let craig touch rent set hours asked adams solution tough baby sitting problem re welcome cost henry bring shape hurried home telephoned midge explain mind
crowd poured ferryboat hurried sloping causeway kijiji kivukoni villagers coming home city tired government clerks dusty brown clothing road laborers ragged overalls schoolchildren blue white uniforms women bundles heads babies hips pushed bicycle forty pound fish hanging woman held screaming chickens arm struggled spotted goat spilled noisily open marketplace head landing raising dust mfupi grandfather babu greeted chattered hot called passing stopped dukas buy fish rice soap oil lamps home born kijiji kivukoni familiar mfupi walked home school stopped landing look grandfather dukas father worked ferry ready home crowd passed ferryboat pulled mfupi father board works dark today babu haya let home walked slowly sandy road edge harbor football practice today school mfupi mzizima school coming play tomorrow
think ghosts witches think bats lots maybe bats live dark caves active night think darkness bats think scary things notion unfair bats continue feared billions billions billions live scientists found kinds bats parts extremely cold regions islands bats live tropics north american bats dine insects fruit bats eat flowers fruit nectar pollen vampire bats feast blood animals bats eat fish small mammals birds bats feeding habits harmful tropics fruit bats damage valuable crops vampire bats transmit disease called rabies bite livestock bats helpful flower feeding bats carry pollen flower bees insect eating bats rid billions harmful insects night bat caves enormous amount fertilizer farmers matter live bats alike mammals fly mammals flying squirrels misnamed
bats strong odor unclean fact neat habits bats spend hour washing tongue cats bats wash eating comb hair toes fruit bats sleep trees hanging toes north american bats roost dark places rocky ledges hollow trees attics hiding places buildings bats bedroom shelter find caves favorite roosts large groups bats especially winter southwest bats rocky caves places raise thousands thousands baby bats caves wall wall bats instance cave southwest home approximately twenty million bats fly cave evening cover sky miles giant cloud smoke north american bats avoid freezing starving death winter ways migrate warmer regions insects active bats hibernate caves attics unused buildings hollow trees protected winter weather hibernation bat body processes slow saving bat energy body temperature drops breathing process stops hibernation breathing process drop breaths minute ten breaths hour
night lonely dark occasional flame fire fire line flickered blackness night exhausted spent burning area meadow fire boxing occasionally grandfather uncle walked burned area check sparks live coals stand guard tonight sparks coals completely grandfather draw straws goes philip uncle drew short straws walk bedtime nephew uncle rest sleep grandfather reminded midnight guard crew wearily spread sleeping bags stretched ground laughter talk walk length fire line uncle told philip place finished meadow big lonesome started return meet shovel flashlight put dirt flames live coals find sparks fire line philip nodded remembered uncle dark walked meadow thought imagination wind dying
fortune sam rode donnell ranch spring air hearts john martha donnell heavy watched sons disappear distance brave thing boys john donnell brave yes martha answered foolish young travel indian country boys sixteen re forgetting martha fortune indian john turned enter house boy takes find important martha asked important fortune john simply martha sighed fortune small child wanted asked hundreds questions answer tell found asked satisfied maybe think haven remembered begin joined small wagon train ft laramie going montana territory settle sam born laramie waited wagons leave ft laramie turned north passing big horn mountain ranchers seeking lands build homes
excuse ma re mary anne bickerdyke turned look soldiers unloading train tall woman dressed plain gray calico thick brown hair hidden black hat boxes bundles tossed station platform piled don aim move told soldiers firmly till dr woodward comes fetch grunted air steamy early june town cairo illinois sweltered hollow high earthworks river rain turned streets mud steady line army trucks slowly moving station mary anne bickerdyke shaded eyes looked muddy road distance saw small single seated carriage coming clip drew smartly nearby young leaped platform stood unmoving precious boxes mrs bickerdyke ma nodded dr woodward sorry late help send things stirring announced small carriage ma doctor protested waved hand impatiently pile stuff carriage ordered put bundle bed linen seat sit
muhammad kicked dust brown earth bare foot wasn fair miss celebration hours spent helping build tower months worked father mixing straw clay water bricks tower finished feast women sing dance fun excitement hard earn living desert land soil grow plants carefully tended tower built help land attract pigeons roost pigeons caught food important droppings fertilizer fields water earth measured carefully ancient underground tunnels brought water hills north enjoyed celebration sheep goats pasture father muhammad brother minded flock home wedged foot rocks barely able hobble past village wall muhammad felt sorry brother didn hobble able watch fun eat roast mutton cut chunks spit
mom social service center help find jobs places live house empty hurried phone dialed dad office heard phone ring woman answered asked dad explained sorry office closed home tried social service center phone rang rang answered hung nibbled nails minutes wondering finally realized place started dial police halfway heard front door open voice called joannie dear mrs carson hung phone ran hallway simply hugged relieved thank goodness re safe trying call police blinked police dearie wrong explained heard felt terrible tell daughter eyes bigger bigger began moan true wild wouldn hurt mother suddenly sagged wall clutching thought going fall
eastern coast florida mysterious palm shaded cove lovely cove tourist routes difficult find odd stillness hovers small body water stirs birds sing matter furiously winds blow atlantic ocean ripple water surface strangest gold coins doubloons scattered sandy bottom doubloons close easy reach plunged hands water pick open hands doubloons turned seashells mystery tiny doubloons thought hidden cove cove city st augustine florida records ancient city tell settled spanish explorers hundred ago spain powerful countries territory included mexico parts south america lands rich gold silver gold pieces silver bars collected lands island cuba coast florida spanish treasure ships sailed island cuba delivered riches spain eventually countries learned wealth coming spain
miss mixter woman lives chino human cat ages chino hundred getting chino story fifteen ago athena beautiful siamese cat miss mixter took sick died miss mixter saddened mind pet months passed evening winter miss mixter home seeing show town reached porch heard furious mewing bushes paused listened aloud business let house stray neighbor pet passing put kettle tea windy night settled inside hear mind hear cry kitten cat expert ear angry cry hunger sure wouldn stay stranger house night miss mixter talking aloud cats audience companion teach think thoughts silently suppose check sure repeated
cindy john watched mounting horror thirty foot wall water advanced numbed john suddenly remembered emergency radio channel shakily fiddled dial found channel mayday mayday mayday shouted top lungs mike wave coming high cora jean help mayday sea began surging heaving wall advanced steer cindy screamed john grabbed wheel braced pulled enormous power managed gain control bow pointed seaward water began splashing wheelhouse held lives suddenly boat shuddered began whirling crazily mounted crest debris pounded hull overhead timbers cracked captives torn wheel tossed craft listed wildly continued rising half shock half pain slammed cabin thrown floor pitched limply huge wave approached shallow water cove surged heaved forward tremendous energy roaring cove carried boat high crest tiny cork mountainous sea rolled beach trees snapping matchsticks frantically sea gripped hills road pause flicking fly wave tossed boat high webbing crushed debris rushed cove
sara complained enormous feet impossible body ridiculous hair fond hated happiness give tears warning reason summer moods unaccountable sudden appearance swans swans fascinated charlie watched glide silently lake charlie sara ten brother spoken word strange illness rarely cried laughed understand especially sara tender loving older sister felt understood charlie early morning charlie disappeared sara sure lake watch swans wasn joe melby found charlie slipper lying field woods slipper convinced sara brother wrong path hopelessly lost leaving small miseries sara turned joe searched thick woods rough fields ravine forest deep cut earth charlie early morning fog chance blindly stepping fog arms outstretched managed pick path led ravine sun fog burned find
charlie awoke lay moment opening eyes remember dread seeing parts lost charlie blank spaces fill find strange place sara hit nose baseball ice cream stand blood sight sara kneeling ground helpless pain frightened turned run direction panic dashing headlong street blind cars chance neighbor seen put car driven home aunt willie put bed later remembered awakened bed looked crumbled bit ice cream cone clutched hand wondered built strict routine strict routine felt safe foods bed furniture place seat school bus important unexpected dreadful surprise topple carefully sheltered instant thing aware twigs pressing face put hand cheek
objects enjoy creating things interesting beautiful create objects fun practical purpose mind look schoolroom things classmates wearing objects purpose think things fun look object pictured think suggest try answer questions drawing conclusions evidence slightly looked evidence natufian site studied natufian site trying discover lived looking objects trying discover likes dislikes felt trying find difficult discovering ate living extremely important feelings likes dislikes play important role making don feel things don human beings find feel humanities give clues humanities deal things human
anthropologist robert braidwood set find area domestication wheat begun looked foothills zagros mountains iraq felt ideal conditions development agriculture climate soil lack forests offered favorable environment plants animals domesticated east found wild selected large mound covering acres likely place excavate braidwood team specialists unearthing remains village jarmo dug layers settlement built ruins older village basis braidwood associates construct picture jarmo earliest village dated village lived rectangular houses rooms houses mud mixed straw evidence showed earliest inhabitants hunted gathered wild foods part diet farmers shown grains found hundreds seeds charred cooking fires preserved seeds mixed building straw seeds wild seeds represented transition wild varieties modern domesticated varieties
obsidian natural black grey glass produced volcanoes chipped tough arrowheads tools shaped beautiful bowls jewelry obsidian highly valued ancient east city obsidian named main object trade obsidian supported thriving population thousand persons agriculture domestic animals obsidian feasting domestic wild plants animals living city number kinds skilled workers trade actually obsidian imaginary city jane jacobs book economy cities ms jacobs obsidian explain theory urban origins agriculture maintains cities led farming animal breeding ms jacobs imagines obsidian begun settlement obsidian traded hunting gathering group living volcano source glass main business obsidian obtain obsidian volcano beautiful objects trade buyers bring barter obsidian plentiful materials foods withstand trip obsidian spoiling
philosophy part chinese classical civilization taoism lao tzu believed author tao te ching forms basis taoism known lao tzu confucius lived lawlessness disorder confucius lao tzu provided solution problems society solution entirely confucianism emphasized careful attention rules proper behavior taoism mystical philosophy sensed felt explained simplest translation tao path meanings lao tzu viewed tao source things universe things return tao viewed impersonal force sensed nature tao reflects order nature natural laws idea tao represented circle known yin yang symbol symbol tao seen circle stands totality things universe works circle divided halves represent forces universe notice forces pull opposite directions destroy circle divided straight clearcut line fact forces flow merge blend harmonize loses special distinctiveness individuality
story read based known facts peasant villages russia existed centuries conditions exist thump marya petrovna stirred drowsily place sleeping bench women thump thwack sat half awake making rumpus wasn baby crib hitting wall realized sadly remembering ninth child died fever weeks ago sign cross russian fashion mumbling comfort found tragedy god crash bang noise louder afraid wake sons slept room bench ran alongside brick stove stove served furnace cooking place houses village home room low shed animals attached house marya realized noises coming shed roughly shook daughter law natasha sleeping natasha daughter law groaned rolled marya thought lazy girl marya husband alive able natasha
japan late twelfth century yoritomo born land confusion anarchy order existed earlier totally broken eighth century japanese tried establish chinese system central government emperor head chinese model fit japanese conditions system soon collapsed emperor japan power rival groups fought capital control emperor organized government existed capital seeking protection powerful family assured security yoritomo especially dangerous position belonged minamoto family family important japan family decisively defeated rivals taira family heads taira family hunted killed leaders minamoto family including yoritomo parents close relatives yoritomo young spared forced live capital separated brothers sisters taira leaders turned important business intrigues capital enable control emperor taira family mistaken thinking destroying minamoto leaders fear
parts today societies based traditional values religions changing face challenges raised science technology growth industry islamic states societies face especially difficult problems try adapt teachings muhammad ideas attitudes ways living read article saudi arabia try pick issue modernization raises islam war king ibn sa unified peninsula arabia saudi arabia king faced problems saudi arabia sparsely populated settled villagers nomad tribes poverty extreme disease widespread read write declining markets camels horses donkeys dates arabia staple products threatened area economic collapse late discovery vast reserves oil brought modern industry country oil revolutionary temporary oil camps grew villages towns thousands bedouins left nomadic settle oil towns ports experimental farms modern equipment set railroads built parts arabia centuries accessible camel material adapted article describes king ibn sa modern clashed age beliefs saudi arabia clash dramatic values muslims saudia arabia fashioned
building house need deal money buy goods services imagine money need building ships trade countries undertaking large capital accumulation capital wealth create wealth accumulate means gather collect capital accumulation means gathering large amount wealth purpose creating wealth capital accumulated individuals accumulated governments private organizations capital early modern europe gathered banking joint stock companies sections tell seen italians europeans establish banks introduce credit europe late areas beginning set banks important bankers jacob fugger lived augsburg independent medieval city today germany read story notice ways jacob fugger accumulated capital jacob fugger influential family grandfather weaver trading jacob father concentrated trading jacob born family known merchants jacob started merchant age
lesson consists role play personal story members class assume roles sixteenth century england took sides struggle authority pope characters role play historical figures represent actual points view living situation presented occurred england took place longer period part role play try put position person representing decisions based think character decide agree decision change decision character standard sixteenth century sir thomas successful judge london member parliament personal ambassador king england appointed important political post lord chancellor england member nobility personal friend king king visited walked arm arm subject monarch merely companions successful marriages political reasons mistresses common noted devotion wife family
florence place artists city prosperous trade banking making products fine woolens wealthy lived florence interested art willing spend money artistic luxuries skilled goldsmiths sculptors painters attracted city willing teach young trade copies ancient greek roman statues original statues artists study florence greatly admired ancient romans excited recent discoveries ancient roman ruins parts italy romans learned showed power ability wealth creating fine buildings works art bring glory honor florence wanted cosimo de medici wealthy banker florence leading citizen set cosimo supported artists paid construction churches public buildings monasteries believed bring fame honor florence medici family groups individuals commissioned artistic works members wool association wanted show prosperity pride city decided pay sculptured bronze doors baptistry church building florence announced award commission designing doors artist bronze panel showing sacrifice isaac
earliest fundamental challenges medieval thought view universe medieval ideas universe based model developed ancient greece european thinkers challenge model nearly thousand greeks begun watching movements heavenly bodies noticed sun rose morning east set west stars thing night sun stars changed position seasons progressed finally observed wanderers stars today call planets movements differed heavenly bodies greeks put facts scientific model universe reasoned movement heavenly bodies repeated perfect regularity heavenly system symmetrical decided shape fit specifications sphere set model universe sphere middle universe earth logical begin earth revolved large sphere sphere attached stars sun revolved earth similar fashion greeks vast skies simple geometrical model course explanation simple adjustments model explain human eye observe
ideas equality natural rights concern injustices society led begin thinking form government france king claimed rule enlightenment ideas agree idea king rule philosophers began looking system give chance govern thinkers attracted idea democracy practiced early greece greek democracy direct democracy citizens actively participated government clearly system small areas groups practical large countries thousands enlightenment thinkers turned idea representative government forms basis system government familiar sure understand basic elements enlightenment theory government part setting imaginary ideal government teacher divide class groups students group answer problem posed groups report class decide form government class prefers chief characteristics finally teacher give sheet listing main principles government outlined french revolution declaration rights citizen
early miners bannack virginia city montana found situation miners iowa settle things gold discovered streams western montana prospectors flocked area overnight cities bannack virginia city set thousand inhabitants snake wicked snake person virginia city miners wanted left prospect gold continued violence area month period hundred murders committed robberies common bothered count responsible maintaining law order area henry plummer sheriff bannack happy plummer sheriff known early reputation trust plummer realized robberies murders organized gang henry plummer leader dillingham plummer deputies aware going told miner ride stage plans rob unfortunately miner told dillingham warning days later dillingham murdered suspect happening quiet
story follows young person describes experience growing totalitarian adapted true account read find ways democratic authoritarian system ways ordinary family lived medium sized apartment medium sized city parents worked children school matter applied job advanced schooling permission travel application stamped words politically unreliable classified classification affected existence political party country supposed believe teachings teachings dealt government politics philosophy morality religion history science fine arts father asked join party offered money position party teachings conflicted father religious beliefs refused join father educated received recognition research field area specialization politics religion dismissed teaching position told religious ideas corrupt students warned give ideas accept party beliefs
spring john boulding american reporter assigned visit india report social political conditions john researched aspects india recent history learned constitution adopted india obtained independence gave adult indians vote elect legislature local village officials beginning political party congress party dominated legislature congress party organized independence movement direction popular leaders nehru gandhi india free vote party majority turned congress party leadership john discovered nehru congress party important steps try develop democratic social political order india attack system caste membership fixed social group congress party tried control population growth grow food improve education party encouraged political parties tried develop efficient orderly administration john knew percent india lived farming villages decided policies worked visit typical indian village chose goan days arrival goan john recorded impressions clear caste system powerful influence village
neolithic culture spread middle east groups shared common characteristics societies established areas western asia northeastern africa societies civilizations growth society important results stone age nature societies division broad categories important understand discussed earlier culture refers ideas beliefs attitudes customs group obviously things learned passed parents children society group share culture society develops group organize live result societies develop social political economic ways society based farming things differently hunt trade generally societies change rapidly resist rapid change prefer established customs ideas attitudes hard change times societies undergo rapid change war revolution famine bring change change seldom total older ways remain
mountains east mesopotamia river valley civilization developed indus river indus valley civilization called harappan civilization began centuries indus valley civilization declined silt indus river covered remains harappan cities result civilization remained unknown modern indus river flows indus valley rises high himalaya mountains himalaya mountains hindu kush mountains form barrier hindered entering valley north able enter valley khyber pass indus valley sind plain south punjab plain northeast plains indus valley civilization developed plains separated thar desert indus valley ancient times unsuitable farming rainfall limited valley desert indus river tributaries favorable conditions farming exist annual floods deposited layer rich soil riverbanks water irrigation neolithic mountains moved indus valley set farming herding settlements moved valley west conquered earlier newer copper bronze tools advanced culture conquered
civilization similar important ways civilization needs political organization give order society needs economic system provide wants needs economic system develops division labor occurs farmers skilled workers merchants civilization takes form cities grow workers merchants live cities centers wealth power economic political needs met groups society leisure develop writing system written language culture society passed generations chinese society elements civilization traditional society china characteristics commonly found traditional societies features chinese society developed early centuries history traditional aspects society lasted early traditional china agricultural society close bond chinese land protecting land floods making productive main concerns chinese landowners farmers highly respected groups chinese society traditional chinese society highly structured levels society age important youth
china social system economic political systems changed ways revolution structure family society greatly altered roles women young roles traditional chinese society education culture modern china social result government policies early social classes students merchant manufacturers urban workers emerged china students took place traditional scholars students received modern education influenced western japanese methods early nationalist communist revolutionaries student class merchant class traditional china received respect class merchant manufacturers regarded china competing industrialized west built factories produced consumer goods involved trade banking needed factories ships railroads working class young women coastal cities escape rural poverty social classes centered cities times early joined protest government policies groups worked boycott foreign goods hold strikes foreign owned factories
southeast asia extends burma vietnam mainland asia includes island countries philippines indonesia early development countries strongly influenced cultures india china nineteenth century countries southeast asia thailand possessions western powers nations french indochina cambodia khmer republic laos vietnam experienced greatest political change southeast asia revolution civil war international war accompanied brought area mid nineteenth century france began expand empire southeast asia england netherlands carved colonial empires part reason colonies southeast asia rich raw materials needed western industry european countries increased political power prestige colonies france gained influence vietnam roman catholic missionaries early mid later missionaries killed order vietnamese emperor france forces seized city saigon france gained control vietnam cambodia laos europeans arrived vietnam empire areas tonkin annam cochin china vietnamese originally china vietnam government based confucian principles
islamic civilization began muhammed lasted beginning twentieth century political structure traditional islamic society underwent centuries times growth expansion times central government consolidated power strong times decentralizatin breakdown centralized power took place local leaders took power held central government times central government local governments function prevent decline collapse islamic empire muhammad died naming successor age traditional method selecting tribal leaders choose leader council muslim leaders selected muhammad successor called caliph caliph supreme power military civil religious matters traditional arab government created traditional political power held society religious leader definite organized method choosing leader developed passed caliphs seized power means revolution murder caliphs city medina governed arab governed muhammad army organized tribes trade farming remained land arab rule clear tribal form government adequately control large empire
coming africa europeans brought culture culture modernizing gradually part culture included idea strong nation partially result idea africans began think terms larger political units clan village period european colonization africa africa completely colonized voices protest raised european colonialism harsh effects colonial rule americans began protest inferior position africans european rule colonial rule africa short africa european rule lasted fifty seventy short colonialism major impact africans colonial rule cruel unfair africans bitter experience scramble european countries colonies africa began leading european countries met conference berlin provide orderly partitioning parts africa european countries want war issue country gain area africa rivalry conference berlin entirely successful preventing war france britain soon race gain territory
foundations western civilization began western europe advanced civilizations traditional societies flourished western europe western europeans developed ideas help change western europe location mild climate natural resources aided western europeans creating advanced civilizations variety geographic features western europe helped shape political economic social development area europe considered continents looking map page europe peninsula asia separate continent chapter chapters follow discussing part europe known western europe term western europe includes countries europe responsible development western civilization present countries western europe shown map page western europe variety geographic features western europe european plain map page plain rich soil western europe basic agricultural regions european plain influenced political social development western europe sense european plain served unifying force western europeans expanse flatland easy cross contact difficult
power roman empire broke western europe entered period decline trade learning decreased frequent warfare common political economic systems broke christian church extremely powerful provided reassurance sense order areas eventually political system developed brought stability western europe period known european history middle ages early middle ages type lifestyle called medieval emerged western europe medieval blending cultures germans past civilizations greeks romans influence christianity roman empire end abruptly empire declined slowly fourth century roman government weak unable order invading germanic tribes caused widespread destruction land roads bridges trade routes unsafe travel result trade commerce decreased turned land living century roman empire broken weak rural kingdoms ruled germanic kings germanic kings rarely able order political system bring order stability greatly needed political disorder caused small landowners seek protection powerful large landowners order large landowners needed fighting
mid social political economic problems began threaten stability france problems eventually led revolution fundamental change government brought force french revolution greatly affected development modern western europe established ideas modern democratic governments based rise power napoleon ended french revolution napoleon reforms based ideas french revolution ideas french revolution die spite costly wars waged french kings late early france continued richest powerful nations europe foreign trade manufacturing crop production increased france stable social structure period social structure known order order french divided separate classes called estates estates high clergy nobles privileged classes rest france estate estates owned half land france held highest positions church government clergy nobles privileged classes formed small part population france estate peasants middle class
late nineteenth century period prosperity progress western europe science technology advancing rapid pace industrialization spread countries western europe western european countries formed democratic governments social reforms western european governments late western europe expanded influence growth european imperialism control independent area region led rivalries nations western europe nations built military power formed binding alliances developments eventually led outbreak war countries western europe progress forming democratic governments late growth number parliamentary governments countries headed monarch monarch powerful late legislative bodies parliaments monarchs making laws western european nations early suffrage vote granted classes parts western europe late nineteenth century foundations woman suffrage laid late women began organize seek support laws vote women western european nations gained equal political status
provisional temporary government set abdication russian czar beset problems months power government easily overthrown bolsheviks late power bolsheviks began form communist russia communist based idea classless society government ownership means production distribution development communist russia greatly changed political economic social structure russia provisional government headed alexander kerenski liberal reforms government faced major problems failed overcome provisional government unpopular russian large part unpopularity arose government failed satisfy peasants wanted land immediately provisional government unpopular decision continue war germany russian casualties war high war caused suffering russian addition unpopularity russian provisional government faced strong organized opposition shortly downfall czar government soviets councils workers formed russian cities soviets took functions local governments soviets posed threat authority provisional government dangerous opposition provisional government bolsheviks led lenin
began early anglo american societies continued develop faster war ii economies united states canada grew rapidly governments nations began play larger roles country economic social development standard living anglo america improved war ii united states prosperous change wartime peacetime economy accomplished quickly continued federal spending defense demands growing population led industrial growth growth turn money spend advances science technology brought greater number greater variety things buy united states faced major economic problems periodic recessions brought decreases availability goods increase unemployment recessions alternated periods inflation times rising prices inflation caused goods cost labor materials united states experienced problem inflationary recession prices unemployment rose post war ii gap rich poor grew wider unfortunately easy answers nation economic problems
developing countries process modernizing face problems attempt bring change problem countries areas maintain traditional ways areas remnants remains traditionalism part areas untouched modernization place country existence remnants traditionalism modernizing country presents difficulties nation plans change modernization industrialization require ways thinking acting resistance part place traditional views tend limit change traditional villages found developing countries asia africa middle east latin america villages remote centers industry population isolated place country turkey experienced modernization industrial growth past fifty modern ideas modern ways part turkish society mountains turkey remote areas traditional villages villages live think act ancestors knowledge modern ways exist village
today improved transportation communication systems brought countries closer contact decisions country effect countries things led countries depend ways interdependence countries seen economic situation exists today gap countries countries gap grown wider recent industrialized countries continued industrial development today average capita gross national product gnp developed countries close developing countries widening inequality reaching effects political social economic aspects today economies developing countries based agriculture increasing country agricultural output difficult nations lack money invest modern equipment fertilizers improve crop production places money modern machinery parts landholdings small large machinery countries trained personnel train handle machinery difficulty developing countries economy based crop sale cotton accounts percent money exports african country chad
damn fool greek money restaurant enter partnership greek watch cash register guy started rumor stay pa place wasn classy called restaurant drab lunchroom factory district railroad yards tables twenty stools filled hour lunch rest night customer think place graveyard partners mistake pa uncle louie partners number army drafted pa forgave left college flurry patriotism uncle louie cut equal share business wanted later returned month medical discharge bad knee pa sorry papers signed wanted stay lunchroom forever developing character special wanted fortune playing horses lunchroom reputable bookie spend races worked front waiter pa uncle louie worked kitchen chefs dishwashers butchers
mule goin pa hollered passed sitting log shade fanning sourwood leaves run im hot blue blazes couldn answer pa tongue mouth getting breath hard owned cold mule wouldn understand job run hot harness run put collar run slap lines begins slow bad thing pa mule couldn ride collar hot pa tried ride pa head bucked belly flat hard road front mule knocking wind galloping stopped suddenly bounced air rubber ball quickly couldn ground feet sittin middle road sat seeing stars trading pa mule rock gettin warmed grunted pa passed lap
chosen subject short story supposed write story exciting lives actually degrading thing actually chosen proper authorities hear truth story wins contest arbuthnot principal read proper authority speaking told truth believe happened algebra seats face windows algebra boring windows look sort gravel courtyard drive want shortest arbuthnot office park car lucky jefferson high definitely want shortest arbuthnot office happened exactly eleven fifteen point pencil broke pencil sharpener windows naturally sharpen pencil hurry black skirt looked window saw important words story french say attendez mother car burn
imagine stalked wounded jaguar wondered feels knows wounded angry killer padding shadows trail waiting moment spring thrill kind want reliving moments walked narrow jungle trail fighting hold nerves check able breaking bolting headlong panic sweat remember flash yellowish body arching twilight small round head cruel eyes gleaming fangs shock smothering weight erase lot bad moments don think completely physically mentally say physically arm longer raise shoulder height red stripes running thighs legs give fits weather turns damp cold tangible things jaguar left souvenirs small things sight prowling house cat bring business profession construction type american interests south america generally railroad oil company mining
weeks part war ii american submarine eel cruising japanese waters trail enemy convoys finally mission successfully accomplished board expect pearl harbor midway rest eel directed proceed guam stand lifeguard duty series bombing raids happens told words eel skipper captain edward richardson supposed stay surface air strikes remain spot crippled planes find aviators ditch planes parachute close aboard remain days objectives air strike achieved sooner morning flying biggest american flag station dispatches jap aircraft spend bothering submarine wandering surface thirty miles south guam felt bit risky flights carrier based planes arreared south flew overhead en route attack actual bombing runs dog fights took place sight
suppose able contact beings planets contacted pete kenney blinked eyes blurred white expanse morning newspaper train rattled tunnel happened happened morning train emerged darkness morning light sudden sense upheaval walking play movie deeply involved emotionally walking sunlit street suddenly realizing living sensation pete kenney train considerably briefer mild attacks indigestion stomach flip flops heart palpitates left wondering happened pete looked seat neighbor morning large red faced dark gray suit dark blue tie corporation executive banker frowning newspaper pinching bridge nose tired trying think pete watched squeezed eyes tightly shut rubbed thumb forefinger solve problem opened eyes blinked shook paper settled apparent comfort read looked pete
oil prospecting team stared cabin chartered dakota lifeless wastes sahara seen trace human habitation movement hours leaving libyan coastal strip crowded arab towns litter abandoned trucks planes left war aimed heart libyan desert flying treacherous dunes libyan sand sea approached serir calanscio flat gravel plain northernmost point miles south benghazi practiced eyes evaluated rock savored thrill exploration thousands square miles rock strewn desert vast furnace shaped inverted penetrated geologists unexplored unmapped rarely crossed sahara nomadic tribes middle sterile plateau saw wrecked plane moment shimmering heat move forward taking thick bulbous nose pointing noticed downward slant port wing absence starboard outer engine plane evidently damaged belly landing engines intact propellers antlers bent erect flying low wreck dakota cabin saw front part fuselage pressed hard ground animal broken
looks nice spot myra bagley hopefully tired boy kit irritable ride dusty don husband slowing car studied grassy meadow ahead maybe re supposed camp heaven sake re montana myra told camp wasn posted meant sound sharp flip nickel john bagley kit wailed dad mind john set lips stepped gas late myra wanted say kit quiet miracle happened mile farther curve forest service marker campground ahead triangular sign arrow pointing narrow winding road led highway bank stream john slowed car asked myra bit lip didn answer trouble married scientist ago decided scientific hypothesis campground serve examination facts water poisonous snakes abound adequate toilet facilities slope provide surface drainage case rain protested trying buy car transmission say brakes furniture foam rubber stand opener kitchen consumer say drops metal shavings soup
believe lifetime destiny aware recall leads bad end look search wise event case word case fitting event murder seen thirty summer exact evening summer boys faced street brooklyn ways meet twelve remember date family moved manhattan earth shaking event dreadful clarity remember scene parted thing understand boy bullet called bullet fired thirty later learned murder morning newspaper contained unappetizing picture front page photograph slumped wheel car head clotted blood eyes staring throes violent death
ronald ribman writes met olly winter negroes brushed pieces fit olly black ribman writes possess number special qualities large gift compassion kindness kindless olly loyal country country ways betrayed lies bedrock faith don vietnam wars thousands thousands black americans reaffirm moving events ultimately result death olly increasingly reaches underlying goodness comes enemy militarily prudent entertains hope present suffering love end finds death important end finds hope television performance play ribman writes desire cbs final war olly winter studio production meant shot indoors set initial shot helicopter film entire production
worry coming wild ideas guess surprise instance night sitting kitchen geometry homework mother kitchen baking honey cake comes cellar expression face brainstorm mother busy putting cake oven mean tried ignore wouldn let sits chair starts drumming table fingers nervous blot paper means start scratch crazy class neatness counts cent pretend ignore mother makes mistake looking efforts catches eye feels free talk big sigh mother washed mixing bowl silently late sighing thing night asked
waited stoop twilight pretending watch sun melt dirty gray harlem sky street transistor radios clicked hummed sour air dragged card tables laughing cars cruised garbage broken glass older guys showing friday night girls minutes thought give james minutes alfred aunt pearl stoop round face damp kitchen tried sound casual james hurry miss picture late alfred don upstairs call house maybe sick james sick alfred stood eyes narrowed maybe hangin worthless punks alfred maybe alfred stoop moving fast sneakers slapping sidewalk packs kids raggedy skinny raced past gutter edge kicking empty beer cans ahead thought thing james faster big deal slowed stopped mouth alley took deep breath james shadow don need marched basement steps plunged clubroom
wished future holds absolutely foolproof method determining continue consult believe fortune tellers fortune telling devices popular methods attempt predict future cartomancy art foretelling playing cards palmistry crystal gazing astrology ouija board gypsies supposed introduced playing cards europe experts agree ancient egyptians originated fortune telling cards packs cards developed europe called tarots consisted seventy cards fifty cards suit cards suits swords cups coins rods court cards suit king queen knight knave jack rest cards bore symbolic pictures eventually knight dropped suits changed hearts diamonds clubs spades fortune tellers today tarot deck ordinary playing cards card supposed special significance nearly palm read fact palmistry practiced nearly ancient mounds palm named lines instance mound jupiter base finger love honor lines called head heart fortune lines
trained observation deduction finds interest commonplace everyday learned opportunity entertain inspector marquard scotland yard short visit atlanta october driven forty miles country order point beauty view stopped car road side large meadow inspector directed attention fifty yards roadside observed white linen tablecloth spread largest trees meadow fifty yards road spread picnic silverware glinted sunlight stood handsome dining kit box motorists human sight spot quarter mile concealed strange sight curiosity aroused left car walked meadow spot unlike traditional description captain cabin board mary celeste marquard evidently amused pleased run baffling circumstance vacation spread cloth fine quality linen places laid tempting meal set china picnic paraphernalia neatly arranged silver quality plated ware flashed mind party ladies frightened bull
writer describes scene action exact complete detail writer key facts enable round picture imagination success filling details writer actually depends partly mental effort put partly personal knowledge experience draw round picture read imagine situation respond senses author says character caught downpour rain fall hear splashing feel wetness cold smell wet earth pavement taste fresh flavor rain sensory images form mind read account army marching thirty hours food doubt respond images hunger thirst weariness readers stop think situation likely form similar mental images details imagination supplies pictured readers paragraph author says general grant sitting veranda homely country hotel picture straight wooden chair rocking chair sitting bench steps
ito strawberry sharecropper smile natural peak strawberry season days workers braceros picking boxes months june july days august disappeared number braceros sunday picker liked talked half hour lunch break found jalisco mexico family sunday saw sun tired sunk mountains ito signaled home ya esora yelled broken spanish words waited twelve hours everyday days week week week thought hearing saddened drove home papa say word hands wheel stared dirt road older brother roberto silent leaned head closed eyes cleared throat dust blew yes opened front door shack stopped owned neatly packed cardboard boxes suddenly felt weight hours days weeks months
read newspaper section pass lost found advertisements buried pages habit picked grandmother took keen interest lost honestly reporting items found colony couple advertisements lost black puppy white patch eye answers spot call beaver reward grandmother draw picture child sobbing sleep night parents searching streets anxiously calling hopeless voices spot spot boy picture real sit tears eyes willing spot answer wanting child cry joy sorrow thought lost items equal interest wondered found items visualizing happy claimants honest finders handsomely rewarded moments god heaven moved swiftly land fantasy realities grandmother found asked hopping excitement lavaliere grandmother absolutely overwhelmed found hand magnificent lavaliere
daybreak billy buck emerged bunkhouse stood moment porch looking sky broad bandy walrus mustache square hands puffed muscled palms eyes contemplative watery gray hair protruded stetson hat spiky weathered billy stuffing shirt blue jeans stood porch unbuckled belt tightened belt showed worn shiny places opposite hole gradual increase billy middle period seen weather billy cleared nostril holding mate closed forefinger blowing fiercely walked barn rubbing hands curried brushed saddle horses stalls talking quietly finished iron triangle started ringing ranch house billy stuck brush currycomb laid rail breakfast action deliberate wasteless house mrs tiflin ringing triangle nodded gray head withdrew kitchen billy buck sat steps cow hand wouldn fitting dining room
late autumn rain sister opal woke polaroid yellow light head hanging bed sideways street children voices slid window muffled changed damp morning sister opal thought children sounded speaking russian basque queer garbled language pretended country didn word language signs breakfast minutes downstairs false panic began rise subsided position suspension edge bed furniture looked darker unfamiliar angle gave sinister look bureau loomed skyscraper dull dark varnish tiny offices inside chair arms clenched hands ends brown sitting anxiously doctor office waiting hear bad news sister opal twisted head yellow window sill square glass jar marbles reddish brown yellow white glassies large blue mob marbles alike faces crowd dictator balcony side jar white marble deformed true round lopsided freak marble favorite
hunger stole slowly aware hunger meant hunger elbow played began wake night find hunger standing bedside staring gauntly hunger known grim hostile stranger normal hunger beg constantly bread ate crust satisfied hunger baffled scared angry insistent begged food mother pour cup tea clamor stomach moment later feel hunger nudging ribs twisting empty guts ached grow dizzy vision dim active play pause think happening mama hungry complained afternoon jump catch kungry trying laugh forget kungry boys eat hungry taste don tell catch hungry smiling sensed teasing angry
street jeanie friend barbara crowd boys girls downtown high school train window jeanie thought saw remaining passengers look relief disdain boys girls pressed forward noisy gaiety friends home harlem tall boy detached group bowed low swept cap courtly salute greetings lady jeanie greetings barbara jeanie bit lip frowning pulled coat closer shrugged barbara smiled dimpled pleased friend told likes whispered look waiting want ahead jeanie wasting opportunity norman keen saw jeanie head slightly bowed thrust forward odd girl barbara liked anyway boy swung gracefully group coming show tonight barbara asked homework try decide throw jeanie frowned want coke asked barbara passed big ice cream parlor window cluttered candy boxes ornate curly lettering juke box door boys girls sitting table looked warm friendly
mrs wang knew course war known war going japanese killing chinese real hearsay wangs killed village mile wangs flat banks yellow river mrs wang clan village seen japanese talking japanese evening early summer supper mrs wang climbed dike steps high river risen afraid river japanese knew river villagers dike stood staring malicious yellow water curling lot snakes biting high dike banks saw high early mrs wang sat bamboo stool grandson pig brought spat water worse japanese devil river pig recklessly fool mrs wang quickly river god hear talk talking japanese instance asked wang baker mrs wang nephew removed japanese saw
veterans hospital york lay young air force pilot face turned wall bitter angry plane crash left body paralyzed move neck wanted die wouldn listen doctors spoke plan teach live handicap let junius kellogg talk doctors helped hold maybe young pilot college athlete mean lot junius played basketball harlem globetrotters foot inch junius kellogg roomed paralyzed room junius read pilot record wheeled corridor young vet room pilot wasn interested junius say re talking vegetable vegetable kellogg laughed worse stop wasting boy told dead dead kellogg sharply visits pilot began look forward seeing kellogg kellogg soft voice spent childhood virginia big gentle took job feeding young
voyage began peacefully fair northeast wind blew filling sails fleet pushing steadily homeward wind freshened night ships scudded joyfully fat moon morning ulysses saw blue haze smoke glint white stone put shore saw beautiful town stared amazement city walls rich green parks grazing cattle strolling white tunics ten war ulysses savage wolves shipmate enemy meet fight property belonged winner ulysses stood bow shading eyes hand gazing city tough crafty warrior named eurylochus stood attack asked city lies defenseless losing yes looks tempting ulysses wind blows fair fortune attends spoil luck stop fat city thrown laps gods eurylochus grow angry refuse gifts bad luck attack ulysses heard fierce murmur felt greed burning veins hailed ships gave orders black vessels swerved shore nosed harbor swooping white city wolves sheepfold
lived forest england fowler named hugh supplied gamebirds high king table larger birds hunted bow shot bird fell smaller birds flocked gray clouds forest silken net wove net soft fine injure birds held fast hugh fowler pick choose plumpest doves high king table set free early summer hugh summoned court brought throne room hugh bowed low called king presence felt uncomfortable palace caught stone cage rise fowler listen king week married turning smile woman sat king held hand fowler fowler stared neat bird slim fair black eyes quiet restlessness seen beautiful hugh took tiny hand offered put lips dared kiss gold ring glittered finger
hot afternoon railway carriage correspondingly sultry stop templecombe nearly hour ahead occupants carriage small girl smaller girl small boy aunt belonging children occupied corner seat corner seat opposite side occupied bachelor stranger party small girls small boy emphatically occupied compartment aunt children conversational limited persistent reminding attentions housefly refused discouraged aunt remarks begin don nearly children remarks began bachelor loud don cyril don exclaimed aunt small boy began smacking cushions seat producing cloud dust blow look window added child moved reluctantly window sheep driven field asked expect driven field grass aunt weakly lots grass field protested boy grass aunt lots grass field grass field suggested aunt fatuously swift inevitable question look cows exclaimed aunt
sir maestro continued play looking keys yes rollo sir wondering explain apparatus maestro stopped playing thin body stiffly relaxed bench supple fingers floated keyboard apparatus turned smiled robot mean piano rollo machine produces varying sounds information operation purpose included reference data maestro lit cigarette preferred orders rollo robot delivered days disregard built instructions subject call piano machine rollo smiled technically correct actually suppose machine designed produce sounds graduated pitch tone singly groups assimilated observation rollo replied brassy baritone longer tiny tremors maestro spine wires thickness tautness struck felt covered hammers activated manually operated levers arranged horizontal panel cold blooded description nobler works maestro remarked dryly mozart chopin mere laboratory technicians mozart chopin duralloy sphere rollo head shone stark featureless surface unbroken twin vision lenses terms included memory banks
instinct overpowered individuality creatures mean instinct supposed controlled actually leave rate fundamental instinct creatures live form instinctive technique defense forms elements happens hummingbirds found actual observation reading die true re born seen hummingbird egg young hummingbird mature hummingbird small egg magnificent smiling things hummingbirds means eggs ask reader forgive thing agass agasig agassig agazig american naturalist studied turtle eggs order information seeking find fresh caused exciting adventure boston young fellow wrote read fourteen fourteen goes show unimportant re dealing eggs kind envy study birds hope find known hummingbirds
unbearable sound set teeth edge chalk creaking blackboard word father mother say intentional injustice course happen end sun mountain twilight began noticed rollie tense exasperation simply explode mother going began call carefully casual tone rollie ere boy want walk rollie whistling cheerfully heart full wrath treated rounds haunts corner woodshed liked curl wool father discarded windbreaker hay barn cow barn sunny spot side porch rollie sneaked upstairs lie bed supposed minded rule part mother fussiness part mother bossiness bed wasn allowed say told things wanted room teens heart raged unfairness took stairs stormily steps pigtails flopping
hour hour gun pointed lifeboat stern sat twenty days drifting covered shoot close quarters wouldn miss realized jumped glared hate guts especially barrett mate barrett harsh cracked voice re dope snyder hold forever re half asleep didn answer stay awake dared shut eyes maybe seventy hours soon doze instant happened pounce water left canteen lay legs wasn twenty days maybe pint give drops bloodshot eyes gladly kill drops didn count longer officer wrecked montala gun water craved tongues swollen cheeks sunken half crazy judged hundred miles east ascension storms atlantic swells easy morning sun hot hot scorched skin
camouflage means disguise ancient greeks comes legend camouflage successful won war trojan war began kidnapping beautiful woman paris son king troy fell love helen wife king sparta kidnapped helen brought home troy angry greeks decided bring helen home destroy troy ten hard trojans fought greeks walls troy side able conquer greek leader thought inside strong trojan walls ordered huge hollow wooden horse built horse tremendous easily hold greek soldiers wooden animal soldiers hidden inside walls troy greeks big show leaving troy sailing ships trojans seeing greeks leave flung open gates city crowded wooden horse wise priest warned trick curious trojans moved horse inside gates insisted trick eyes seen greeks depart night trojans celebrated victory greek prisoner managed reach horse open hidden door side greek soldiers slipped quietly hiding place opened gates troy signaled greek ships
villages mexico parts shopping kind game fine department stores course buyers pay prices listed tags villages bargaining dramatic game buyers sellers enjoy suppose merchant mexican shopkeeper sells handmade silver jewelry tourists items jewelry pair earrings tourist wants buy merchant names price immediately tourist makes lower offer price merchant puts article price expects paid merchant pretends shocked exclaims earrings real silver craftsman lives mountains takes remarkable earrings sacrifice let tourist earrings lower price bargain tourist comes merchant comes agree consider fair price bargain speak things merchant gossip village mention interesting sights tourist leaves mexico merchant business older supermarket dates times town market place exchange news visit friends
samuel langhorne clemens famous writer known mark twain tried luck gold miner prospecting rocky mountains found shiny flakes yellow mineral gold thought rich experts examined yellow flakes explained mineral mark twain found gold mark twain happened biotite mica minerals commonly called fool gold biotite mica black dark brown bits biotite exposed weather turn yellow appearance flakes gold bits found gravel bottom shallow streams real gold found places easy experienced miners fooled minerals called fool gold pyrite chalcopyrite pyrite common sulfur minerals important source sulfur copper mined chalcopyrite mineral small amounts gold pyrite chalcopyrite bright brassy yellow color someday yellow mineral think struck gold able tell lucky find try hitting mineral hammer flies splintery bits found gold gold brittle try melting mineral stove sizzles bad smell gold
science think born greek philosopher thales miletus asked difficult question makes universe ready answer thales studying earth sky stars saw water earth water falling sky rain decided water basic substance universe greek thinkers interested question suggested answers air lies earth air makes things fire appearing forms building block universe greek philosopher aristotle lived aristotle greeks decided substances water air earth fire universe aristotle believed things altered change thought substance perfect making stars universe earth greek philosophers feeling ideas chemistry based centuries later scientists proved universe basic substances list complicated greeks realized basic substances call elements greeks knew gold silver copper carbon sulfur recognize substances true elements
asgard home norse gods odin father gods lived odin brother honir loki fire god called asgard home loki god mischievous evil creature related giant race loki grown tired asgard serve gods odin honir loki visiting earth wandered land evening loki hungry stop eat odin laughed fetch animals herd cattle roast supper hunger lent speed loki feet gods sitting fire watching meat turn spit ready odin mouth watering food loki took meat fire meat raw fire hot honir cried loki threw logs fire meat brown evil odin soon words spoken night shattered scream laughter looking gods saw tremendous eagle watching meat stay raw part eagle agreed odin immediately haste starving fire blazed meat minutes
century famous greek physician named galen claimed kinds spirits natural spirits found liver animal spirits found brain vital spirits found heart galen believed kinds blood body kind moved arteries kind moved veins moved slow irregular oozed central wall heart fifteen centuries later doctors accepted galen ideas explained heartbeats saying caused expansion vital spirits inside heart english doctor named william harvey published book full ideas heartbeats caused expansion vital spirits heart pump heartbeat muscular contraction forced ounces fourth cup blood heart rate heart pumped gallons blood body manufacture blood doctors asked grown body quarts blood harvey explained blood circulated body returned heart ideas shocked doctors medical scientists divided school medicine paris led group opposed harvey ideas doctors countries took harvey side fight
villages big cities common sure find banks kinds buildings amount business differ greatly places banks important community banking goes ancient times babylonians charging interest loans recording clay tablets medieval italy money lenders conducted business bancas benches streets banks days small banks offer limited services number banks gigantic corporations branch offices serving globe banking methods services differ country country bank india modern building branch offices countries including united states bank india computers clerks coin sorting system dating nineteenth century australia largest richest banks runs branch office shares crowded quarters small post office general store large bank australia huge fashioned building hundred bank australia introduce drive windows customers today banks countries drive service country mining area africa miners bank
sun star billion changing slowly burning fuel hundreds billions burn completely giving light heat steady rate billion stars star stars burning stars visible centuries forming dust gases space early sky watchers called exploding star nova nova latin exploding stars changing large star blown completely explodes called supernova exploding remains large star exploded ago cloud dust gases called crab nebula crablike shape chinese japanese astronomers observed exploding star july april noted exact place sky supernova appeared believe exploded supernova emitted light million times brighter sun brightest brilliant sun watched supernova brilliant seen twenty days broad daylight
quebec england france switzerland played electronic music fair expo held canada background music exhibits exactly electronic music sounds produced musical instruments electronic devices magnetic vibrations changed sound waves electronic music began amaze listeners early called music strange weird music haunted house electronic music developed rates parts american invented telharmonium alternating electrical currents russia leon theremin physicist musician invented instrument bears played country theremin produces musical tones electric circuits running vibrating radio tubes loudspeaker boxlike device musician stands front instrument waves hands air movement left hand controls loudness tone movement hand raises lowers pitch tone concrete music played idea french engineer pierre schaeffer street noises radio commercials conversation sounds recorded tapes tapes run backwards kinds sounds produced speed tape faster slower later sounds combined musical works
greek astronomer ptolemy stated sun moon planets stars orbited earth stood accepted ptolemy theory polish astronomer named copernicus sun earth center solar system ridiculed copernicus shortly telescope invented italian mathematician galileo built powerful telescope miracles saw turned instrument night sky saw moon craters mountains plains scanning vast sky saw thousands stars glimpsed galileo observed contradicted ptolemy entire theory solar system cold january night galileo aimed telescope planet jupiter noticed stars red planet looked night stars changed position fourth star appeared galileo accurate records changing positions stars galileo eventually realized stars stars satellites orbit jupiter decided earth moon orbiting earth jupiter satellites orbited jupiter began believe planets orbiting satellites orbit sun copernicus galileo soon trouble church leaders european thought
tornado hit east denver yesterday left area amazed force thomas williams sitting porch shortly noon storm hit house started rain chair going soaked rain opened door sounded locomotive going roared whistled closed door minutes didn scared williams tornado took large spruce trees house trees front home hit roof house doors neighbor george bryant painting house dark started rain hail wife thought furnace exploding noise dirt air bryant wife son ran basement close garage door grabbed door tornado lifted door air let ran basement tornado high pitched whistling sound eerie tornado took kitchen window bedroom window split kitchen door middle ripped tile front roof
high schools united states courses aviation students want course grade schools aviation courses course teacher helps pupils learn flying taking believe cross country flight discuss airplane parts airplane put makes fly flown pupils map course flight check winds figure speed takeoff arrival detour storm clouds case lost learn find plane radio students landed exciting learned lot airplane works learned geography mathematics weather science high schools offer flying lessons instruction airplane works high schools atlanta georgia permanent aviation courses offer flying lessons hour schools planes school crescent city california students aviation courses free hours flight training rates hour ten hours hour hours cost student hour tried flying instruction private flying school
weeks tino painting pottery ducks crowded shop crowded street crowded village mexico shop owned senor ortega pay small shop paint pottery shop senor ortega pay artist paints customers table place tino glad job job allowed paint weeks painting grew tiresome morning worked dark corner table morning painted clay ducks today mind painting boy twelve love hard sit table painting ducks opening table legs tino peek sure senor ortega watching hear shopkeeper footsteps walking storeroom shop tino inched forward rested face table leg stared piece open door piece blue sky golden sunshine today tino wondered parts beautiful mexico
saturday sammy art class baseball team papa asked walked morning sammy museum late replied sammy guys don mind painting poster team colors poster put re playing re lucky artist team papa look trouble getting program covers designed posters front concert hall ha look circus posters musician needs musical poster ah museum learn jason arrived later sammy sitting quietly front picture girl looking looking studying asked jason blue sammy week studying blue painting started look blue velvet dress part green part black comes blue fact jason saw picked sammy mitt gave punch big field today play later usual sure replied sammy going home early today anyway photographer coming picture family re family jason sammy photographer wants musicians family
started corral true female burro looked ground found hoof marks looked village mesa top stretches huge table called mesa means table spanish spanish indians spanish names things mesa stretches miles started walk village twigs leaves broken thought johnny found path sheep run sheep rained fresh green stuff eat path hoofprints fast wondered johnny going run road tried home mother father remembered grandmother story spider woman spring wondered johnny wanted find spider woman house inside escape wondered story true school town learn things learn mesa wonder stories true
knows hard eat hot weather mom dinner dinner exclaimed mom kitchen dinner tonight hope melt lunch hours ago sister called dozen times lunchtime breakfast rupert piper wonder tell stories neighbors breakfast jerked pulled jerked simply gave rupert touch cake fine thing starving cake bread mom anyway bread grocery store want empty stomach naturally replied care glass milk hard boiled eggs leave moment telephone rang mom answer finishing cold egg looked miss smithwick grim expression face gave big smile miss smithwick mind yesterday replied ear miss smithwick fingerprints held ear asked running petunias
thing morning dad guess baby brother don want baby brother dad hospital mother mom home leave hospital ok dad talk stopped talking dad going let help baby brother tom mother thinks bill think thought let garbage dad difficult garbage named garbage ordinary bill tom garbage dad think help ok don care call anyway hey call anyway dad part family expect didn say aunt birthday party invited sprang baby brother wonderful baby brother yuck smiled comes home
fierce dragon upsetting peace quiet palace night prowled courtyard walls blowing fire smoke roaring terrible things looked bad royal household heaven sake exclaimed queen dear king days dragon royal fire going poof end palace going asked queen sharply mean sit counting money forgetting problem asked brave kingdom slay dragon king claim important things nonsense queen breathy sigh important saving palace fierce dragon offer reward offered reward king interested offer commanded queen tired dragon prowling slammed honey jar table stormed room slay dragon princess penelope jumping suit armor listening parents oiled rusty arm king blinked eyes surprise startled daughter pride daughter beauty
soon ready sail voyage honolulu shakedown chance sure dove condition dad warned robin moving big meant stage test sailing skill harder say bye island custom friends put flower leis neck tiny leis put necks joliette suzette hawaiians say throw leis sea leave islands return soon sailed dove harbor threw leis water wind died soon harbor cheerful pretended throat tight swallow drink soda told tape recorder sure hated leave wonder parents suppose saying bye hurts hurt kittens look miserable gee homesick wasn hungry crying saw lights honolulu disappear distance fixed dinner suddenly squall raced dove soon sailing driving rain high wind storm thing happened night sea
lenny big boots felt heavy crawled low slippery tunnel stopped rest light fastened shiny hat jumping shadows wet gray walls real cave explorer thought spelunker lenny laughed heard word spelunker sounds game game father explained exploring caves fun dangerous lenny nodded mountain climbing climb dark exploring caves hobby lenny father son cave trip spend night underground lenny shivered wore heavy jacket pants cave chilly damp knees wet mud slippery floor tunnel sloped downward lenny began slide slid wall buried mud top boots stay father called throw rope laughed lenny caught rope pulled drier rock father arrow mark cave wall thick yellow crayon making crayon marks turn took twisting underground tunnel dark passages leading easy lost
sonja thompson sat log bench leaned cabin wall enjoying june sunshine embroidering clump tiny flowers green skirt embroider faster wanted don forget put potatoes cook reminded mother lunch yes mama wish gifts jacobs sonja mother husband mary thompson replied philip jacobs understands corn crop ready share late freeze ruined crop turned sonja dark sonja watched parents follow path woods bay row jacob place embroidered flowers remembered mama telling norway girls needlework hours sonja thompsons sailed norway america later settlers wisconsin wilderness cleared land papa built log cabin told wouldn easy philip jacobs looked half grown pig log pen sonja remembered jacobs brought pig told care supply meat winter
basil ride simo offered school bay morning bring afternoon simo swim faster basil walk distance bay shorter rim basil delighted needed fishing school simo save basil hours parents agreed pass morning basil house later slept longer dreams rubbed eyes call simo waters simo swim close shore waiting basil wade beach simo dive mounted dolphin basil bay basil hid school clothes towel grove schoolhouse morning slid simo waded shore grove dried put school clothes school took clothes folded neatly canvas bag amelia hid bag bushes swim trunks basil hurried beach find simo ride home morning simo basil waited awhile calling simo simo cupped hands
child western kansas school buses windy wintery days dad didn farm drove days walked mile half room schoolhouse windmill school fathers took turns hauling water dad week emptied gallon container school fountain don looks weather blizzard dark chill ran backbone watched dad car move flat prairie road town walked schoolhouse leroy pick lunch pail leroy eighth grader biggest boy school wanted hide lunch saw grinned hi georgia set pail cupboard shelf miss talcott rang bell call twelve pupils recess north wind howling building leroy reece boys bucket coal big round stove pulled window shades north side room cold wind dark gloomy inside clouds thicker soon started snow fine stinging snow burned froze face lunch
horses pranced reared eager journey dogs barked baby cried gave orders luggage carriage climbed inside woman young mother baby young children comfortably seated driver climbed box top carriage reins hands suddenly limped carriage half running half walking wait wait shouted excitedly hurriedly ran carriage hands stiffly front short thumbs sticking straight crook arm small traveling bag dangled luggage driver saw passenger grumbled put reins climbed box hurrying grandfather asked moscow fare driver told kopecks hands stiffly front asked driver amount money traveling bag dangled arm driver searched bag inside carriage watched happening woman shook head side side terrible thing poor move hands
thing carmen found seeing trees flowers bushes york weather cold colder carmen dreamed gloomy walked big flower market looked inside bright flowers helped garden weather cold fun carmen tried harder harder plant watering job school times teacher turns plant job carmen coax mrs jackson say job carmen took care plants looked green shoots washed leaves turned plants sun light hit side january loosening soil spider plant looked mrs jackson watching joined garden club carmen asked carmen turned surprise garden club didn tell mrs jackson thought meets fridays school janitz charge sure
early afternoon september marcel george jim simon wandered oak forest south village approached top lascaux hill hill forested pine trees favorite place explore dog robot belonged simon youngest boys simon let robot run free wood unthinkable break animals boys plans loved trunks pine trees glow autumn sunshine gazed didn worry keeping path underbrush plenty room tree trunks boys past oaks marcel stopped suddenly looked stepped paces peered robot anymore jim ten steps front george wait simon whistled stood listening attention stirred simon whistled whistle cut stillness ceased drop curtain robot seconds saw jim whistle marcel simon replied simon helplessly disappeared george
boys saw laval going house wearing beret seen doors beret laval stern school pupils liked fair dull classes marcel gave simon questioning look school mean asked simon robot laval surprised simon visit especially arrived dog simon explained eagerly asked laval cave simon found course noticed animals animals asked teacher simon looking uneasily robot horses simon saw horses wall left marcel shone light saw sir george jim saw cows stags marcel thought crazy saw reddish brown horse touched paint fingertip laval stood horses stags cows asked excitedly cave simon lascaux hill pinewood
sir walter raleigh tried small scale start colony roanoke island lost fortune attempt colonial venture large business organization hundreds englishmen invested money hoping profit colonial trade development king james england gave single charter groups group centered plymouth england known plymouth company centered london known london company map page shows land king james granted companies large area called virginia charter important reason included promise king james settled english colonies retain rights privileges englishmen words charter enjoy liberties franchises immunities abiding born realm england dominions later english colonists reminded english government promise respect rights privileges early colonists helped strengthen idea government christmas small ships london company weighed anchor moved outgoing tide thames river wintry sea
wide conflict finally decided destiny north american continent started valley ohio river started expanding empires france britain clashed land appalachian mountains contest called french indian war war group wealthy virginians responsible series events led french indian war business reasons thought fateful consequences formed company secured british king huge grant land upper ohio valley intended profit land dividing small farms selling farms settlers french alarmed real estate activities considered french territory expedition strengthen france claim land french started constructing chain forts connecting lake erie ohio river map page george washington twenty surveyor virginia brother invested ohio real estate venture governor virginia warn french land belonged british land originally granted colony virginia charter map page french warnings george washington
freedom learn think speak publish religious freedom essentials democratic freedoms vote intelligently reach solutions problems public personal confronted dictators accident dictators gained power promptly seized control educational institutions radio means communication newspapers publications freedom learn think speak publish severely limited europe europeans general accepted idea wealthy needed formal education sure exceptions general rule unusually able boy poor home received education rose prominence wealth laws ran governments accepted education money provide europeans believed kind education wasted ordinary farmers wage earners skilled workers settlers brought ideas education wealthy townsmen planters hired tutors sons afford buy books pamphlets newspapers planters able spend towns opportunity meet talk educated england countries
washington trip mount vernon home virginia york city triumphal pageant route crowds turned watch pass cheer scatter flowers path welcome received york city overwhelming celebrations president washington elected officials vice president john adams senators states representatives oath uphold constitution face task organizing government making newly elected officials guide general principles written constitution experience gained colonial governments build ground federal laws courts law enforcement officers financial problems met federal treasury method collecting taxes worse money country pay taxes government certainly levy top problems facing officials government owed large debt inherited revolutionary war government confederation difficult problems lay ahead nation relations nations president foreign policy acceptable congress appoint ambassadors instruct duties
thomas jefferson pledge republicans act moderation prevent exercising vigorous leadership president immediately taking office urged congress repeal number federalist laws felt harmful interests country hesitate armed forces protect american rights opportunity double size united states acted quickly efficiently sure constitution gave power action alien sedition acts jefferson strongly opposed expired took office naturalization act passed effect congress jefferson urging promptly repealed congress repealed exise tax whisky jefferson regarded unconstitutional congress likewise repealed judiciary act midnight judges president adams appointed eve jefferson inauguration permitted assume office jefferson turned attention army navy persuading congress cut appropriations reduce size opposed strong military establishment greatly strengthened federal government reducing armed forces jefferson operate government economically repealing federalist laws reversing federalist policies republicans real sense putting principles practice
nation growing leaps bounds soon constitution effect states added original thirteen vermont kentucky tennessee ohio population west mountains doubled million million states entered union louisiana indiana mississippi illinois alabama shortly war ended western settlers depend entirely rivers poor roads transportation shipped surplus produce flatboats rafts ohio rivers mississippi mississippi orleans impossible flatboats rafts transport manufactured goods upriver keelboats invented purpose laborious slow result manufactured products eastern parts country reached western areas means rough roads mountains transporting goods wagon roads costly consuming solution problem improved system roads building canals increasingly evident transportation system essential nation constitution strong federal government westerners needed roads canals carry products eastern markets northeastern manufacturers needed roads canals move manufactured goods sparsely settled areas country
compromise lasted period merely lull storm prosperity growth striking characteristics united states early south prospered price cotton rose annual production cotton doubled northeast prospered factories growing demand manufactured products provided plenty jobs wages including scores thousands immigrants pouring country middle west prospered expanded railroads opened fertile prairie lands farmers transport sell products population california growing rapidly railroads vital part nation growing economy miles railway track ohio michigan indiana illinois wisconsin miles track states railroad mileage united states increased miles railway lines reached northeast middle west helped bind areas map page result war south faced powerful combination faced war broken earlier
march end war rapidly drawing president lincoln stated policy reconstruction intended follow regard south sullen roar cannon fire front richmond soon stilled moving language lincoln inaugural address destined live part nation heritage malice charity firmness god let strive finish bind nation wounds care borne battle widow orphan achieve cherish lasting peace nations lincoln idle words steps develop program reconstruction based policy charity intention carrying program early december lincoln outlined program restoring south union proclamation amnesty reconstruction program based lincoln theory confederate states succeeded leaving union left family circle speak part family problem family circle rapidly
chief joseph leader nez perce indians stood proudly sorrowfully conquerors tired fighting chiefs killed cold blankets children freezing death heart sick sad sun stands fight forever sunset place plains montana miles border canada united states nez perce indians lived oregon country claimed truthfully half century dwelt peace white recently shadow trouble fallen lands inhabited nez perce pioneers thousands poured pacific northwest north south war veterans hardened combat eager settle build fertile valleys oregon territory pressure land increased newcomers began look greedy eyes nez perce hunting grounds order government washington arrived nez perce moved land reservation tract land set federal government dwelling place tribe nez perce refused submit
victory william mc republicans election page americans spell doom reform movement conservative republicans clear road objectives defeated joint efforts democrats populists put william jennings bryan white house free adopt legislation thought country measures adopted dingley tariff raised average tariff rates high cent meantime depression gave wave prosperity business flourished corporations sprang overnight older corporations merged form giant trusts industrial concerns short lived spanish american war chapter effect economic growth country surrounded signs prosperity caught fervor war expansion overseas americans late began forget financial panic depression uprising populists reform groups election turn century reform movement called progressive movement full swing progressive movement cut party lines included individuals bryan wing democratic party included growing number discontented republicans called insurgents
industrial worker farmer conditions improved considerably opening twentieth century place seen wage earners benefited fast increasing productivity america economic system place organization wage earners beginning gain strength exert real influence legislatures congress place growing number americans including industrialists beginning realize industrial age raised numerous problems democratic society problems solved democracy survive fourth place articles appearing popular magazines daily newspapers public general increasingly aware need eliminating wage earners grievances effort improve conditions wage earner legislators europe united states began pass laws commonly referred social legislation laws mainly passed northern western states south newer industrial development special problems period promote welfare workers laws general laws limited hours improved working conditions early massachusetts adopted measure prohibiting women children working hours week oregon enacted similar law states examples
united states began move area caribbean sea spanish american war twenty american flag flying puerto rico panama canal zone virgin islands american advisers helping govern number small countries caribbean united states developed foreign policy western hemisphere acquisition puerto rico philippines overseas possessions brought american government face face extremely important question lived areas entitled rights guaranteed constitution citizens united states question stated constitution follow flag question gave congressmen reason pause living newly acquired territories savage tribes philippine head hunters millions spanish speaking understanding word democracy constitution follow flag entitled rights american citizenship congressmen refused accept answer supreme court gave answer called insular cases series decisions handed reaffirmed decisions
sir walter raleigh tried start colony roanoke island lost fortune attempt large business organization sponsored colonial venture hundreds invested money english company hoping profit colonial trade development king james england gave single charter groups group centered plymouth england known plymouth company centered london known london company map page shows land king james granted companies large area called virginia charter included important promise king james served company english colonies retain rights privileges english subjects words charter enjoy liberties franchises immunities abiding born realm england dominions rights king james promised settlers traced nearly centuries group english barons banded king john harsh ruler making excessive demands money barons ignoring traditional rights barons forced king john sign magna carta charter charter important contained idea government constitutional conducted according law custom
franklin travels southern colonies saw towns cities baltimore maryland founded contained thousand charleston south carolina largest wealthiest southern seaport million lived british colonies north america britain thousands lands including africa half total colonial population lived southern colonies maryland virginia north carolina south carolina georgia colonies majority lived country south proportion country dwellers especially high southerners lived small farms similar england middle colonies lived frontier small clearings cut forest wealthy planter families lived fertile coastal plains owned plantations thousand acres size planter families lived wealthy english landowners wealth southern plantation owners agriculture food plantation grown riches plantation single cash crop crop raised sold profit georgia carolinas especially south carolina rice important product maryland virginia north carolina chief cash crop tobacco large plantation complete economic unit center stood large house built georgian style architecture popular wealthy landowners england
spaniards french british found original inhabitants americas indians attitudes spaniards french british indians differed british regarded indians constant threat trying create british colonies indians part colonial black colonists spaniards overran destroyed indian civilizations found tried unsuccessfully enslave indian survivors finally spaniards adopted attitudes indians left indians live chose vast forests deserts mountains latin america mission communities built latin america spanish priests taught christianity indians simple farming industrial skills french colonists willing spaniards british accept indians furs principal cash crop france reason french want interfere wilderness indians produced large quantities furs contrary french traders part taking indian women mates living according customs indian tribes traded british settlers atlantic seaboard owed indians received friendliness curiosity
british prime minister william gladstone referred constitution united states wonderful struck brain purpose high praise convincing proof constitution effectiveness fact weathered test stands today stood nearly centuries supreme law land constitution successfully survived main reasons lays rules procedure critical circumstances arise living document flexible meet changing needs growing nation read americans able adapt constitution changing ways changing times constitution part works today industrialized nation fifty states population million worked agricultural nation thirteen states million fourth fundamental principle american government constitution adaptability changing times changing circumstances framers constitution wise write write wrote fundamental laws nation leaving congress pass additional laws needed congress meets passes laws framers anticipated fundamental law
problems faced federal government urgent raising money government needed money pay salaries build maintain army navy operate post offices carry activities needed money repay debt owed foreign countries american citizens government problem raising money exceptionally difficult sure constitution gave congress power lay collect taxes seen congress power levied small tariff articles imported united states revenue tariff begin pay expenses running government money taxes kind taxes big question americans gold silver coin paper money pay taxes currency united states constitution gave congress power coin money gold silver looking solutions financial problems congress turned secretary treasury alexander hamilton help turning secretary treasury congress set important precedent congress responsible passing laws relied heavily executive department advice guidance
circumstances led war land hunger national pride indian relations fur trade war message congress president madison emphasized major reasons continued seizure american ships impressment american sailors congress declared war june days british parliament suspended orders council americans henry clay believed kentucky militia conquer canada weeks war dragged weeks war declared republican leaders nominated madison term federalists opposed war supported de clinton york war republicans nominated madison won election comfortable margin clinton carried england middle atlantic states vermont pennsylvania federalists heavy gains congress election clearly revealed americans opposed war feeling especially strong england conflict started federalists continued feel unnecessary merchants realized war ruin left shipping objected proposals annex canada florida united states saw clearly additional land greatly increase power farmers federalist merchants asked fight war weaken influence federal government
clash sections case north south arisen president monroe office involved question admitting missouri union times controversy heated politicians talked boldly disunion civil war president thomas jefferson debates hilltop home wrote momentous question fire bell night awakened filled terror considered knell union understand jefferson grave concern turn united states composed free states slave states alabama admitted union eleventh slave alabama union north south senators territory missouri slavery existed asked admitted union missouri allowed enter slave balance power senate upset south votes north february alabama admitted representative james tallmadge york rose floor house present amendment missouri application tallmadge proposed outlaw introduction slaves missouri proposed free twenty birthday children born slavery missouri
april president lincoln called union volunteers states confederate states america confederacy south carolina georgia florida alabama mississippi louisiana texas lincoln call arms union fateful choice virginia april eighth join confederacy virginia left union united states army lost ablest officers famous virginia officer arms south robert lee president lincoln offered command union forces arkansas tennessee north carolina soon virginia confederacy weeks fort sumter fell states joined confederacy mountainous counties northwestern virginia follow rest confederacy counties admitted union west virginia control area part lay ohio river important north helped open lines communication northeast mississippi river border states delaware maryland kentucky missouri important union uncertain side join fight maryland especially important joined confederacy union capital washington cut northern states
march end war president lincoln stated policy reconstruction south roar cannon fire richmond soon stilled lincoln inaugural address destined live malice charity firmness god let strive finish bind nation wounds care borne battle widow orphan achieve cherish lasting peace nations lincoln idle words begun develop program reconstruction based charity fully intended carry program early december lincoln outlined program restoring south union proclamation amnesty reconstruction practical flexible program based rigid theoretical ideas constitution program rested lincoln theory confederate states succeeded leaving union left family circle part family problem circle quickly offered full pardon southerners oath allegiance union promise accept federal laws proclamations dealing slavery
city faces stores banks offices museums libraries theaters churches schools freight yards seaports waterfronts ringed factories warehouses stockyards wholesale markets slum areas drab tenement buildings crowded narrow dirty streets alleys littered rubbish row row houses arranged newer cities neat pattern blocks squares pretentious mansions costly show places appointed leaders society mainly city rich modest incomes poor affected power driven machines methods mass production steadily transforming obvious characteristics industrial age concentration wealth hands sure americans rich poor gap richest poorest late educated millionaires built huge mansions filled expensive gaudy furnishings bought race horses yachts summer estates traveled abroad gave parties costing tens thousands dollars newly rich especially college educated children smoothed rougher edges successful business leaders began accept responsibility money improve communities
despite financial panic depression president roosevelt popularity public peak clear republican nomination term asking roosevelt stood earlier announcement run republican convention chicago roosevelt threw support close friend associate william howard taft ohio won nomination ballot roosevelt played leading role drafting republican platform platform called strengthening interstate commerce act sherman antitrust act conserving nation resources developing improved highway system revising tariff democrats chose william jennings bryan presidential candidate democratic platform condemned republican party party privileges private monopolies called lower tariff antitrust laws federal income tax unusual feature election campaign action american federation labor consistently refused throw support political party choosing support friends organized labor parties abandoned traditional policy bryan entire democratic ticket despite support organized labor democrats lost considerable margin taft receiving electoral votes bryan republicans retained control houses congress
britain france netherlands spain portugal colonial powers started policies imperialism establishing colonies building empires mid owned controlled large portion huge areas earth remained unclaimed colonial nation half mad rush gain ownership control remaining uncolonized lands earth nations previously interested expansion joined race belgium germany italy japan russia rival colonial powers seized control africa sliced large portions china areas east early nearly underdeveloped regions divided rival colonial empires industrial revolution extent responsible mounting interest colonies factories needed raw materials growing quantities manufacturers factories operating find markets finished products improvements transportation especially steamship enabled businesses buy sell truly worldwide market trade increased profits accumulated business executives bankers began look overseas opportunities invest savings single factor growth industry speeded race secure colonies control underdeveloped lands surprising britain leading industrial power built largest empire
midst tragic events weekend november americans took pride fact murder president interfere orderly procedure government days assassination president kennedy lyndon johnson presidential address congress dedicated ideas ideals john kennedy nobly represented president johnson meant gave top priority items civil rights law tax cut unconditional war poverty speaking quietly firmly declared president invited americans build later call society congress responded president johnson leadership adjourning october congress chalked impressive legislative records nation history reaching civil rights act important measures revenue act provided billion reduction personal corporate income taxes leaving money hands consumers businesses law greatly stimulated economy economic opportunity act marked important attempt break cycle poverty created office economic opportunity oeo authorized billion begin war poverty agency local governments increase employment expand training programs especially young
deadly possibility nuclear war challenge communist aggression continued haunt americans reaching developments thrust increasingly heavy demands american leaders major developments growing competition american business faced japan soviet union common market countries western europe nations modern industrial plants newest efficient equipment competitors united states markets revolutionary development entry nations community mid un membership grown nations greatest part growth occurred nations population included billion emerged colonies underdeveloped areas asia africa reaching development changing balance power end war ii communist nations led soviet union aligned side united states allies aligned alignment began crumble newly independent nations asia africa reluctant tie soviet union united states led india uncommitted nations increasingly important affairs solid front communism breaking communist china challenged soviet union leadership communism
discrimination experienced nation black population shared groups hispanos mexican americans puerto ricans american indians largest group american women encouraged efforts black americans groups began redouble struggle win equal rights opportunities area american america spanish speaking population numbered million included groups differed important ways spanish speaking americans shared characteristics set mainstream american traditionally rural simple technology resistant social change strong sense group identification proud spanish catholic heritage hispanos latinos descendants original spanish settlers southern california southwestern united states lived rural areas livelihood depended mainly raising cattle sheep hispanos proud past devoted attained middle class status prosperous fortunate deeply resented poverty widespread discrimination marked lives prosperous poor hispanos resented considered sharp practices anglos especially regard water mineral rights titles ranch lands
spirogyra class green fresh water algae algae celled plantlike organisms cell type spiral shaped chloroplasts chloroplasts chlorophyll enables green plant carry activity called photosynthesis photosynthesis process green plants manufacture food spirogyra food dependent living thing cytoplasm spirogyra moving cell motion helps circulate food oxygen substances parts cell cell wall regulates entrance carbon dioxide water cell passage oxygen wastes cell spirogyra reaches size nucleus cytoplasm divide equally produce celled plants process division called reproduction cell formed process complete nucleus cytoplasm cell wall chloroplasts cell membrane spirogyra produces kind simple celled animallike organisms seen microscope ameba paramecium ameba lives water food obtains food feeding small plants animals live water cell membrane important ameba substances enter leave cell
animals phylum chordata kind backbone complex chordates true backbone vertebrates chordates subdivided classes fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals fish simplest type vertebrate animal belong class pisces fish suited live water environment bodies fish covered scales fish possess fins propel breathe gills allow oxygen dissolved water absorbed blood fish cold blooded animals cold blooded animal body temperature temperature surrounding examples fish salmon tuna trout mackerel flounder amphibians class amphibia called amphibians spend part water part land gills breathing water early part lives stage called tadpoles later develop lungs allow breathe air live land adults live land water lay eggs fish amphibians cold blooded examples amphibians salamander frog toad reptiles class reptilia live land spend part lives water reptiles lungs breathing examples reptiles snake lizard alligator turtle crocodile bodies covered dry scales
green plants bear flowers flowering plants kinds flowering plants botanists scientists study plants grouped according number leaves found seed plant seeds single seed leaf called monocotyledons seeds seed leaves called dicotyledons leaves seed provide food young plant needs roots plant branches anchor plant soil plant roots root hairs growing surface cells root hairs absorb water minerals plant needs soil absorb oxygen dissolved soil water water minerals oxygen pass root hairs root stem plant stem supports plant brings leaves water minerals roots leaves food stem carries parts plant flowering plants petunia marigold carnation tomato soft stems flowering trees bushes hard woody stems woody stem outer covering called bark underneath layer growing region called cambium layer makes diameter stem increase cambium wood layer center stem called pith
food passes tube called alimentary canal passageway food mouth rectum organs alimentary canal include mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine digestive system includes alimentary canal organs food pass give enzymes carry digestion canal organs liver pancreas food enters alimentary canal mouth digestion begins mouth teeth grind cut food small pieces enzymes function pieces food small adult permanent teeth permanent teeth consist types incisors cuspids bicuspids molars incisors teeth located front upper lower jaw incisors straight edges cutting food side incisors sharp pointed tooth teeth called cuspids canines tear food cuspids sides jaw broad surfaces grinding food bicuspids molars grinding molars teeth altogether molars called wisdom teeth examine teeth mirror locate kinds teeth
cirulatory system carries digested food oxygen cells body addition removes waste materials form cell carries activities circulatory system heart blood blood vessels put hand upper center area chest lungs feel heart beat heart hollow muscular organ small size fist continue grow grow constantly pumping blood supply cells food oxygen sides heart wall called septum separates left side side divided upper lower chamber upper chambers called left atria singular atrium lower chambers called left ventricles atria receive blood brought heart thin walls muscle ventricles pump blood parts body thick muscular walls located atria ventricles valves structures permit blood flow direction walls ventricles contract pump blood heart valves close prevent blood flowing atria blood reaches lungs picks oxygen rid waste materials carbon dioxide water
system involved getting air lungs called respiratory system organs respiratory system nose pharynx trachea bronchi lungs inhale air enters openings nose called nostrils passes passageways called nasal passages nostrils lined cilia hairs filter air allow dirt dust enter nasal passages lined moist mucous membrane catches dust cilia mucous membrane air finally enters lungs fairly clean dirt foreign matter order clean dust dirt nose blow don cold addition trapping dust particles mucous membrane nasal passages warms moistens incoming air clean warm air enters pharynx pharynx cavity found mouth leaving pharynx entering trachea called windpipe air pass epiglottis epiglottis cartilage structure opens permit air pass windpipe windpipe lies front esophagus muscular tube leads pharynx stomach epiglottis acts trap door partially closing opening windpipe swallow food
foods body need materials found food help body grow provide energy prevent diseases called nutrients study foods called nutrition nutrients include diet proteins fats carbohydrates minerals vitamins purpose nutrients body proteins needed growth repair cells body lacks proteins grow body able repair cells composed proteins carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen addition elements proteins sulfur phosphorus proteins nutrients provide nitrogen needed repairing building cells proteins found milk eggs fish lean meat cheese fats body release energy fats eat quickly burned oxidized body body stores excess fat protect body help warm fats carbon hydrogen oxygen fat body needs obtained peanuts butter bacon oils carbohydrates supply body material needed release energy foods sugar starches supply carbohydrates candy fruits sugar potatoes bread spaghetti starch carbohydrates fats carbon hydrogen oxygen
elements pure substances kind atom type atom composition varies atoms sample iron iron atoms elements broken simpler substances ordinary chemical means kinds atoms occur naturally earth millions kinds matter planet earth air natural elements date scientists able elements laboratory makes total elements makes element element element number protons nucleus atom carbon protons oxygen protons silver protons atom atomic number atomic number element number protons nucleus atom element atom number electrons protons atomic number equal number electrons orbits atomic numbers allow scientists orderly arrangement elements help predict properties elements scientists arranged known elements table table begins hydrogen atomic number ends synthetic element arrangement called periodic table elements
end century french scientist henri becquerel experimented element uranium found uranium gave energy form rays fit accepted theory atom broken smaller particles today thanks discoveries polish french scientists marie pierre curie atom divisible curies discovered uranium atom divided found atoms elements uranium polonium radium gave rays energy called elements radioactive elements british scientist ernest rutherford later discovered called rays tiny particles called alpha beta particles gamma rays particles smaller radium atom scientists asked atoms atoms consist smaller particles century ernest rutherford niels bohr showed atoms elements radioactive particles fact atoms particles atoms kinds particles splitting atom means splitting nucleus atom splitting breaking called nuclear fission nucleus atom split neutrons tiny neutral particles nucleus atom bullets split nucleus atom
parents mountain seashore resorts summer escape heat city places lower temperatures city answer depends ways objects gain lose heat heat transferred object ways conduction convection radiation transfer heat solid object result collisions atoms molecules conduction put end needle flame hold end soon drop needle burned heat flow hot end needle cooler end molecules metal flame hot move faster begin hit molecules set faster motion goes molecules needle moving faster entire needle hot heat travels molecule end needle end process conduction solids especially metals conductors heat liquids gases poor conductors heat study physics find convection heat transferred liquids gases movement heat caused flow atoms molecules place
sound light form energy sounds thing common sound caused form matter moves motion called vibration vibration matter caused ways produce sound hitting drum blowing horn plucking strings guitar hit drum fingers drumstick drum covering pushed normal shape released drum covering springs continues vibrate comes rest original position sound vibrating drum covering source sound blow bugle trumpet column air inside horn vibrates produces sound pluck string guitar string vibrates produces sound vibrating object makes air surrounding vibrate vibrations spread sound waves strike tuning forks sizes rubber mallet listen carefully discover tuning fork produces sound sounds differ tuning fork vibrates rate speed number vibrations vibrating body called frequency vibrating arm tuning fork moves original position pushes molecules air touch
past energy resources generally wood supplied energy united states beginning century coal energy fuel coal accounted total energy fuels coal supply energy produced fuels oil natural gas purpose risen coal accounted energy consumed oil gas accounted waterpower nuclear energy accounted coal petroleum natural gas fossil fuels remains plant animal existed millions ago earth crust fossil fuels replaced increasing demand additional electrical power requires building power facilities exceed newly emerging nuclear power industry need requires fossil fuel burning plants built meet needs electrical power fortunately recent research findings reserves fossil fuels form low grade coal oil shale tar sands sufficient meet country growing energy needs hundreds low grade coals lot moisture low heating
astronomers scientists study solar system universe supplied correct facts earth place universe earliest astronomers nicholas copernicus thought sun center solar system heavenly objects revolved sun galileo built telescope copernicus theory proved development telescope instruments enabled scientists accumulate vast knowledge outer space universe includes stars moon earth planets planetoids asteroids meteors comets space occurs naturally billions stars outer space sun star closest earth live galaxy group stars called milky sun planets included galaxy stars vary greatly size sun diameter kilometres medium sized star large star sun appears large appears brighter larger closer star million kilometres closest star earth billion kilometres distance stars distances universe astronomers special unit express distance unit called light
moon earth nearest neighbor space earth natural satellite deal learned moon astronauts landed moon brought rock samples moon kilometres earth moon smaller earth diameter slightly kilometres water atmosphere moon lack atmosphere temperature hot extremely cold night surface covered rocks thick dust kinds rocks glass type rocks breccia rock fragments anorthosite age lunar rock samples brought astronauts recorded billion surface moon plains mountains craters plains called lunar seas broad flat stretches land dark regions moon surface mountain ranges similar earth scientists mountains formed craters sunken areas caused collisions meteors volcanic explosions moon earth rotates axis west east takes moon days complete rotation complete revolution moon earth west east orbit takes days periods rotation revolution side moon
satellite sputnik launched soviet union months later united states launched satellite explorer unmanned spacecraft sorts spacecraft successfully launched photographed moon mars venus jupiter satellite digging arm photographed clawed sandy surface moon united states bicentennial viking ii landed mars conducted experiments satellites sending earth information earth weather special satellites relay television pictures communications continent american astronaut satellite alan shepard astronaut john glenn american orbit earth james mc controls gemini capsule edward white american walk space maneuvered space compressed air gun united states land astronauts neil armstrong edwin aldrin moon july find satellite rendezvous meet dock hitch fuel carrying rocket space attempts neil armstrong david scott accomplished amazing feat gemini flight michael collins john young hooked agena rocket rode altitude record dropped hitched rocket
college job going meet increasing number unfamiliar words vocabulary psychology law chemistry college course taking political economic terms news technical terms related industry working unfamiliar word appears problem figuring meaning necessarily meanings meaning passage intelligible understand read read order participate method dealing unfamiliar words meaning unfamiliar word reading reading book magazine yard unlikely dictionary close hand need method getting meaning word clue meaning word root prefix suffix clue context words unfamiliar term context clues mind trying full meaning unfamiliar word trying meaning reading sense passage
large bright star seen daytime star star sun sun giant ball glowing gases light goes directions light kind energy tiny bit light energy strikes earth earth light energy earth circles sun planets circle sun closer sun earth farther larger earth smaller planets moons circle moons called satellites sun planets solar system sun giving amounts energy energy travels sun directions planets sun receive small amount energy large planets energy small planets sun energy planets farther sun energy goes space waves waves called radiant energy change takes place bodies strike suppose struck hand think feel radiant energy strikes energy heat feel heat energy warms body sunny radiant energy sun warms earth
mercury planet nearest sun fastest moving planet solar system orbits sun earth days mercury makes orbits earth making mercury turns axis rotates earth takes mercury earth days rotation venus earth mercury called earth sister planet size earth thick clouds cover venus clouds reflect sunlight makes venus look bright sky venus seen sunset called evening star correct clouds show venus show venus kind atmosphere space probes show atmosphere hot atmosphere hot earth found venus planets earth mars planet mars planet earth telescopes easy look closely mars seen raises questions kind mars dark areas mars ice caps large mars seasons questions answered
lived ago strange ideas earth thought earth center thought earth center space believed sun moon stars moved earth thought earth hollow strange ideas inside hollow part earliest measurements earth ago early learned earth satellites space measure distances surface earth measurements accurate matter earth studied seen directly scientists learned kilometers earth surface scientists learned things inside earth needs learned scientists traveled kilometers moon brought moon rocks earth moon surface earth kilometers beneath feet look satellite photograph page describe earth picture distance earth looks sphere smooth ball distance center earth diameter diameter equator slightly greater diameter poles earth slightly flattened shape
indirect evidence idea core earth core center earth material core heavier rock mantle compasses tell direction earth magnetic earth magnetism comes core core iron iron magnetic known place mantle core place crust fast volcano form mountain months earthquake raise lower land seconds earthquakes break crust places break rocks crust called fault lava flow surface deep faults flows build large level layers rock days crust place slowly rocks broken smaller pieces caused action water wind ice chemicals earlier learned called weathering weathering sand gravel soil mud found crust wearing rocks slow noticed days months happen caused weathering water carries weathered rock bits flows lakes oceans
learned sediments pressed rocks sand mud materials changed rocks materials plants animals died ago parts living things examples leaves pollen shells teeth bones evidence plant animal lived earth called fossil billions plants animals lived earth left fossils fossils formed shells bones woody parts plants animals jellyfish earthworms hard parts fossils soft animals rarely found bodies decayed rapidly destroyed pressure fossils plants animals lived water true land animals trapped mud rivers swamps fossils animals formed bodies quickly covered sediments sediments air bodies nearly bacteria decay need oxygen bacteria change remains fossils found sedimentary rocks look pictures page describe steps formation fossil picture water lake disappeared plants growing water forces deep earth pushed layer fossil surface
jet plane climb high air climbs air thinner thinner climbed high oxygen allow fuel burn air provide lift jet aircraft fly lower atmosphere jet action carry upper atmosphere space jet action jet engines rockets rocket moves jet action quickly turn gas push rocket rockets burn fuel oxygen carried liquid oxygen carried liquid carried part solid chemical large rockets liquid oxygen burn liquid hydrogen small rockets solid fuel rocket simply paper tube filled solid fuel skyrocket rockets lifting heavy loads space large rockets fastened rockets engine rockets lift spacecraft fastened end end largest rocket engine push spacecraft earth engine dropped fuel engines rocket called stages engine called stage rocket stage rocket
wondered happens food eat enters mouth chewed swallowed swallowed happens goes throat word describe happens food word digestion digestion takes place food changed food digested dissolve water dissolved food enter bloodstream bloodstream carries cells body body food water think openings face mouth openings nose air enters leaves openings process called breathing air breathe happens air body need air oxygen blood breathe gas enters bloodstream lungs blood carries oxygen parts body movement blood called circulation read important things happen body digestion breathing circulation body system part systems digestion food body begin soon place food mouth
suppose lived ago think seen kinds plants animals seen seen plants animals today disappeared earth extinct history earth plants animals extinct knows history earth changed greatly plants animals live conditions extinct activities caused animals extinct nearly extinct early settlers america killed wild animals food blame wildlife killed sport late trainloads hunters hauled buffalo country buffalo herd seen train stopped hunters jumped shot thousands buffalo animals left prairie decay biosphere living things habitats habitat place live animals disappeared took habitats natural habitats wildlife destroyed happens housing area shopping center superhighway airport built danger threatens wildlife chemical sprays poison insects weeds
plant needs food green plants food carbon dioxide water energy sunlight compete space water sunlight plants food plants green nongreen plants live plants animals food body plant animal living plants called parasites plant parasites grow roots stems leaves plants plant parasites grow inside plant flowers seeds plant parasites weaken plant growing parasite called rust grow stem wheat plant weakens stem wheat fall wind machinery harvest fallen wheat wheat crop lost smut parasite grows ears corn parasite destroys corn makes unfit rust smut examples plant parasites plant parasites damage crops nongreen plants grow human body parasites harmful ringworm disease skin athlete foot caused plant parasites nongreen plants grow dead plant animal matter called competitors
oxygen nitrogen gases air surely heard oxygen oxygen called gas oxygen earth living things need oxygen living things tiny organisms microscope oxygen important combines substances earth happens burns oxygen combines substance burns oxygen combines slowly substance burning leave nail damp air rust iron nail combines oxygen water forms rust nitrogen air oxygen nitrogen important living things protein makes flesh part nitrogen nitrogen breathe air nitrogen goes body nitrogen ways carbon dioxide gases found small amounts air parts air parts carbon dioxide small amount important plants carbon dioxide food carbon dioxide plants air breathed animals plants animals breathe carbon dioxide fire extinguishers acid baking soda materials fire extinguisher
water drink water food eat amounts surprise amount water grow food surprising thousand tons water needed grow acre corn corn food beef cattle acre corn growing hundred pounds beef means pound beef fifteen tons water tons water needed hamburger look physical map united states geography book parts united states produce food tell looking map water supply related food production cloudburst seen pictures thousands tons water fall earth short cloudbursts damage water energy moves dirt objects water flowing high dam energy energy produces force flowing water turns wheels base dam wheels parts turbines turbines connected large generators produce electricity places electricity produced called hydroelectric plants
nearly water found streams rivers living things found water soil rainwater collected tin cans living things oceans think water place live breathe underwater trouble moving water cold stay water plants animals live water reasons living things water live plants animals live water problem water protects living things quick temperature passing cloud temperature air drop air temperature degrees temperature water slowly temperature water change degrees water protects living things fast temperature water helps support bodies things live felt support swimming water pushed upward body seen plants live water aquarium classroom plants live water thick stiff stems held water happens plants water
green plants kind food animals animals plants animals food food animals energy need live materials bodies need growth repair green plants energy sunlight materials growth repair bodies plants animals water collected grass cut grass dries weight lost maybe cooked dried potato flakes potato flakes weigh cooked mixed water cooked weigh potato flakes weigh cooked fresh potatoes water added dried potatoes equals water fresh potatoes suppose dried plant weight materials give plant dry weight weight sugar starch materials called carbohydrates carbohydrates energy foods plants animals sugar starch weight dry plant materials plant dry weight kind carbohydrate found plants called cellulose plant cell cell wall cell wall cellulose cotton nearly pure cellulose
important roots green plants stems parts plants leaves roots water minerals reach leaves green plants food water minerals enter green plants roots put information leaves roots happens water minerals stems correct stems carry water minerals leaves answer question stems living parts plant food cells stems roots energy building materials live grow food leaves plants stems food leaves kinds plant stems smaller plants soft stems plants gardens weed patches stems thick juicy eaten asparagus eaten thick juicy stem food stored type stem plants thin stems wind objects stems called vines sweet pea ivy grape common vines trees bushes hard woody stems plants stems grow tall hard woody stems called trunks trunks redwood trees california meters tall water food materials move tube cells plant stems
flowers flowers leaves grow stem plant grass look flowers flowers pleasant odor smell odor flowers bright colors green yellow color plant leaves plant flowers flowers tulip rose grasses trees weeds flowers kind flowers seeds look picture page shows flower cherry tree bright showy parts flower petals brightly colored petals attract insects flowers plants grow seeds reproduce sexual means plants female male parts male female parts ovary flower female part located base flower ovary egg cells form seeds seed forms egg cell joined male cell male cells called sperm cells sperm cells develop pollen grains millions pollen grains formed pollen sacs pollen sacs male parts flowers pollen grains ripe sacs burst release pollen
earth moon heard planets moons moons earth moon older younger earth scientists united states trips moon try answer questions brought nearly kilograms moon rocks tested analyzed rocks rocks show types materials moon materials found earth amounts materials moon moon aluminum calcium titanium sodium magnesium iron hydrogen amounts materials moon lighter size earth suppose ball size moon earth material half times mass moon means put ball moon opposite pans huge balance ball weigh earth larger moon moons equal mass earth scientists studied information collected earth moon
sun mass hot gases center temperature surface cooler high temperatures matter sun liquid solid scientists tell gases sun surface studying sunlight sixty eighty natural elements earth observed sun likely elements found earth sun gases gases sun spin earth spins gases poles turn days equator travel sun days speeds swirling movements gases swirling movements turn magnetic electrical storms gases storms temperatures storms coller gases move sun surface called sunspots streams hot gases burst surface sun streams gases solar flares gases energy overcome gravitational pull sun particles matter escaping gases travel space particles reach earth interfere radio television programs particles auroras auroras known northern lights southern lights unwise plan space flights solar storms
moon revolves earth planets revolve sun stopped think sun move scientists learned solar system member larger family family called milky galaxy milky composed billions stars disk shaped pattern stars revolve orbits center disk sun planets stars located half distance center milky galaxy edge scientists learned sun planets travel kilometers center milky takes sun million earth travel galaxy kind live talked information need address let travel edge neighborhood space look galaxy look diagram milky travel edge solar system edge galaxy ignore effects gravitation stars shortest distance fly rate kilometers hour reach edge milky
substances mixture easy separate chemically combined activity separated iron sulfur magnet water activity separated mixture substances substances dissolved alcohol dissolve alcohol water substance properties substance properties reacts substances substances mixture separated properties dissolve liquids mixtures separated substances making properties substance waters earth mixtures seawater holds large amounts dissolved solids cubic meter seawater meter meter deep meter wide kilograms dissolved compounds elements cubic meter seawater kilograms dissolved sodium chloride kilogram magnesium compounds grams bromine compounds seawater important source magnesium bromine silver gold found seawater small amounts costs remove metals worth total cubic kilometer seawater billion dollars
realize matter earth crust look parts clothing earth crust matter concrete plaster glass metal earth crust classroom earth crust fillings teeth metal fillings part crust fact matter body part earth crust matter earth elements elements found pure form found compounds natural element compound earth crust called mineral minerals discovered crust fewer minerals elements plentiful plentiful minerals minerals small amounts elements called impurities minerals elements look act amount element minerals minerals look conditions formed heat pressure change minerals formation quartz common mineral earth crust pure quartz elements silicon oxygen combined quartz sio
earth surface igneous rock true today igneous rock found today mountains found beds deep crust rock surface crust layers sedimentay rock sedimentary rock formed sediment rock formed bits weathered rock matter carried water air water begin wear igneous rock soon forms rain falls igneous rock dissolving minerals minerals carried lakes oceans mineral dissolves water dissolved mineral lake water seawater wind flowing water move bits rock rock bits moving rock act sandpaper wear rocks pass action called abrasion big pieces rock broken smaller pieces abrasive action process goes happens parts temperature rock break smaller pieces water freezing cracks rocks rocks split rock softened broken chemical action weak acids form gases air react water vapor compounds formed act minerals rock turn igneous rock sediment
snakes lizards turtles alligators crocodiles reptile group reptiles lungs spend land live water surface breathe young reptiles hatch eggs born alive young look parents smaller reptiles pass stages growth amphibians reptiles body covering protection land keeps bodies drying air reptiles limbs movement land lizards reptiles earth lizards past lizards today turtles live kinds environments live water live desert regions turtles live land called tortoises large tortoises living warm oceans land weigh kilograms live longer span animal crocodiles alligators common prehistoric times reached lengths meters modern crocodiles meters length alligators smaller crocodiles reptiles body shape lizards alligators snout large teeth skin alligator sheet overlapping thin scales alligators crocodiles live water
mice cats cows elephants mammals animals vertebrates skeletons mammals nearly number bones shapes bones similar mammals differ vertebrates possibly important difference young fed mammals animals produce milk young milk produced mammary glands mammals mammary glands group animals mammals complex animals vertebrate group addition mammary glands mammals hair bodies mammals thick soft hair called fur elephants pigs hair hair stiff called bristle bristles brushes mammals hair parts bodies adult whale bristles nose mammals developed teeth warm blooded animals live active lives large amounts food mammals large brain compared body size greatest ability learn human beings considered complex members animal intelligence animals climb run fight human beings human beings read write human brain invented tools machines
forms energy energy moving body called mechanical energy mechanical energy kind kinetic energy explain answer heat common form energy heat movement particles matter means heat form kinetic energy heat energy run engines cook food houses warm called heating air room called hot pan water heat sea level heated boiling temperature water adding heat hotter happens energy added heat energy added water boil faster water boils steam steam energy amount liquid water steam takes times space amount water energy steam particles pressure build walls containers pressure dangerous energy steam changed mechanical energy push pistons cylinders steam engines turbine blades turned energy steam moving pistons spinning turbine blades
oceans cover earth surface oceans times living things dry land oceans full means activity activity energy oceans energy large amounts materials plants animals growth oceans large bodies water pure water substances hydrogen oxygen natural water dissolved materials rainwater purest water found nature water falling rain dissolves oxygen carbon dioxide air rainwater reaches earth dissolves minerals rocks soil water streams rivers lakes small amounts minerals called fresh water water falling rain billions rainwater dissolved minerals earth oceans common mineral salt fresh water emptying oceans billions water evaporating oceans water evaporated minerals left water oceans saltier saltier longer fresh water seawater density fresh water density substance mass volume substance density gram pure water milliliter salt added water density water increases
think oceans ecosystem interested shape size oceans interested movements ocean water things ocean currents waves tides concern studied plants animals oceans oceans studied parts system parts related today interest oceans realize oceans important part environment affected ecosystem oceans ecosystem oceans upset suffer thought oceans large harm reason dumping grounds garbage sewage largest cities dumped oceans ships dumped garbage sewage water harm cities small ships sailed oceans cities larger abundant nature number ships changed today places oceans polluted sewage garbage kind ocean pollution makes headlines newspapers happens pollution oil supply oil pumped earth
heard jacques cousteau underwater explorer cousteau diving exploring underwater environments early childhood cousteau deeply interested diving swimming cousteau found problems exploring underwater environments movement water difficult land wished swim faster effort invention rubber fins feet underwater swimming easier human eyes water cousteau clear view undersea watertight diving goggles invented cousteau wished stay water longer air lungs allow tried breathing pure oxygen swimming breathing pure oxygen depths meters unconscious cousteau invented aqualung aqualung diver compressed air carried tanks equipment makes move freely upper portion oceans equipment learn oceans exploration deeper parts oceans present greater problems difficult problem pressure deep water suppose column seawater column meter square meters high holds cubic meters seawater seawater density kilograms cubic meter water tube total weight metric tons
suppose asked find inside package told open find inside begin looking package big shape answers give clue inside give clue inside learn touching package feel weight package end package heavier end shake package hear rattle sliding sound inside package means thing rolling sound means clue smelling package need facts ruler measure size package package weighed scale equipment help discover things inside package ray pictures package bring compass package compass tell package list facts sure package facts sure open package inside seen facts gathered helped
hard find pure element nature harder find uncombined atoms nature atoms joined atoms element bottle hydrogen gas filled pairs hydrogen atoms oxygen air found pairs atoms gas ozone formed atoms oxygen joined atoms sulfur carbon form larger groups hundreds sulfur atoms group carbon atoms joined groups sizes called graphite large groups carbon atoms joined pattern form diamonds elements atoms combine elements called inactive helium argon neon inactive elements inactive elements found naturally gases gases provide billions single atoms find nature atoms small part atoms universe matter grouped atoms combined groups called molecules molecules atoms inactive elements molecules single atoms suppose stir substances look mixed substances formed mixture mixture iron sulfur formed investigation
chemists shorthand writing names compounds shorthand element code symbol symbol element letters symbol nitrogen symbol sodium na symbols elements written single capital letter symbols written capital letter small letter symbol written capital letters symbol element letter element symbol carbon symbol element letters element symbol calcium ca symbols elements letters names english language symbol sodium na natrium latin sodium fe symbol iron ferrum latin iron element represented symbol chemical shorthand compounds combining symbols elements compound called formula formula compound tells elements compound small numbers symbols tell atoms element formula water symbol hydrogen small number tells water molecule hydrogen atoms symbol oxygen
earth surface igneous rock true today igneous rock found today mountains rising earth crust found beds deep crust rock surface crust layers sedimentary rock sedimentary rock formed sediment small pieces weathered rock matter carried water air water wear igneous rock soon forms rain falls igneous rock dissolving minerals minerals carried lakes oceans mineral dissolves water dissolved mineral lake water seawater wind flowing water move bits rock rock bits moving rock act sandpaper wear rocks pass action called abrasion big pieces rock broken smaller pieces abrasive action temperature rock break smaller pieces ice melting cracks rocks rock split rock softened broken chemical action weak acids form gases air react water vapor compounds formed act minerals rock caused dissolving abrasion turned igneous rock sediment smallest pieces form sediment called clay
iron steel valuable metals today million tons united states ore mined supply american pounds iron valuable matter earth called ore kinds iron ore iron kinds useless rock iron ore high amount iron early days mining iron ore hematite ore small amount iron simply pushed ore wasted today ore iron greater amounts ore called taconite hardest minerals known flint iron oxide iron oxide magnetic taconite blasted ground ground powder iron oxide separated rock magnet baked small balls called pellets pellets put furnace iron removed silver aluminum lead copper zinc tungsten metals removed ores ores earth surface large pits called open pit mining strip mining ores found cracks layers deep earth crust ore vein
scientists think earth surface billion ago starting earth story changing earth living things recorded recorded rocks earth crust rocks formed layers water layers formed top older layers records earth earliest history lowest layers materials bits rock sediments changed rocks materials plants animals parts living things examples leaves pollen shells teeth bones evidence plant animal lived earth called fossil fossils rock layers clues climate kinds fossils tropical plants animals found north fossils seashells found rocks mountaintops fossils tell earth layers sedimentary rock found order formed places lower layers move upper layers happens earth crust cracks mountains sedimentary rock lifted scientists compare layers moved moved layers matched comparing fossils found learned place
mosses small plants stemlike leaflike parts tubes carry water food parts cells water touch mosses grow bogs swamps water grow water rain snow mosses grow shaded places look bottom large trees shaded side walls fences mosses grow forests shady plants mosses important places forests receive rain snow rain melting snow wash soil mosses grow mats carpet happening cover soil help hold place mosses soak hold large amounts water heavy rains fall mosses hold water stops rapid runoff wash soil ferns roots stems leaves seed plants tubes moving water food plant fern cells direct touch water ferns grow taller mosses tropics tree ferns grow sixty feet tall scientists think million ago complex plants ferns
space exploration took leap forward invention telescope thought telescope dutchman galileo known astronomer telescope observations night sky observations proved thought true disproved ideas telescopes lenses glass collect focus light lenses focus light bending bending called refraction refracting telescopes study places stars distances starlight easier focus reflecting telescope reflecting telescope gathers focuses starlight large curved mirror upper surface mirror coated silver aluminum starlight reflected focused observations light objects space reflecting telescopes photography aid exploring space pictures telescopes film recording light energy longer film exposed starlight brighter picture dim stars seen film exposed light stars seen eye photographed need hurry making observations picture picture permanent record type telescope today radio telescope
look sky clear night think wonder stars think millions stars stars seen telescope seen depends clear air matter space seen dust particles atoms parts atoms clouds dust gas space large cloud gas dust space called nebula matter spread thin nebula earth cloud thought empty space empty empty space called vacuum vacuum matter nebula larger bodies space give light bodies dead burned stars bodies earth moon give light reflect light bodies points light night sky stars large groups stars called galaxies galaxy look single star nebula light look star
suppose swinging pendulum pendulum kinetic energy swing forever slow finally stop moving energy destroyed happens energy pendulum question asked activities seen pump push swing moving happens energy ball stops rolling car stop moving engine stops working potential energy load raised investigation measured product load weight distance load lifted energy wasted potential energy equal product effort distance pulled load potential energy raised load put energy wasted perfect machine waste energy machine perfect energy wasted friction resistance observe try move object energy wasted machines energy overcome friction friction rough surfaces smooth surfaces friction sandpaper materials friction glass materials friction paper graphite pencil graphite run
bacteria small small seen microscope past fifteen twenty microbiologists electron microscope study bacterial cells ordinary microscopes light magnify times electron microscopes beams electrons light magnify times compare photographs light microscope electron microscope bacteria important dead material earth chemically broken decomposed bacteria bacteria decompose dead material chemicals needed living organisms released chemicals remain soil gases part atmosphere kinds bacteria disease animals plants harmful organisms called pathogens bacterial infections pneumonia diphtheria strep throat illnesses study bacterial pathogens later chapter single celled organisms bought supermarket yeast cells answer yeast cells grown special factories dried packaged small containers drying kill stay alive remain dried kind environment start growing reproducing yeasts found shelf grocery store
thoughts entered mind saw owl picture think muscle cells stomach think nerve tissues sharp eyes mind digestive system meal passing ideas likely thought owl chance thought owl maybe thought big eyes sees night thought dives kills prey looked picture think living organism owl sitting thoughts entered mind noticed plant doubt thought sticking sharp thorns stop think cactus plant stick thorns order stuck owl cactus individuals individuals collection cells tissues organs systems individual form repeated universe owl individual animal cactus individual plant individual animals plants affected environment differ animal ability leave environment moving body
animal behavior affected stimulation environment walked school morning stop walking caused stop traffic light busy street friend call teacher affected behavior classroom today senses important factors behavior bring information animal environment eyes bring information ears rank importance senses smell taste touch animals sense smell taste touch important sight hearing ants odors guide activities sense touch earthworm information environment information environment types behavior change offered dog rubber bone dog jumped barked gave rubber bone behave held behave dog changed behavior change behavior called learning animals capable changing behavior learning circus bears learned ride motorcycles dogs learned ride horses lions learned sit stools jump hoops
living things change lifetime occur slowly summer sit watch tree hours change re pretty sure tree growing period organism beginning death called span living thing span exception person span counted beginning birth ends death birth death number specific occur person body person body sure occur individual lives normal boy growth beard event occur likewise girl body change develop bear children drugs tobacco alcohol poor diet affect span affect live affect nervous system occur predict exactly occur impossible predict month boy begin shaving boy begin shaving boy begin shaving age
suppose inside atom shape nucleus solid round ball atoms kinds matter alike atomic scientist find difficult answer questions known atoms positive scientist describe atom facts facts based indirect evidence model atom scientists found atom pictured ball sphere electrons travel nucleus circular paths paths moving electrons give atom shape electrons thought cloud surrounds nucleus electrons travel fast orbit nucleus million billion times difficult learn nucleus atom atom large compared nucleus suppose atom big nucleus size basketball hold basketball expect find electrons orbiting mile explain rock empty space suppose want build model atom classroom diameter atom times diameter nucleus
weight helium nitrogen explained protons explain difference expected weights containers gases actual weights particles atoms helium nitrogen hydrogen atoms particles electrical effect atoms neutral weights shown scales clue weights particles nucleus kind atom hydrogen atoms kinds particles proton kind particle kind particle called neutron neutrons positive charge negative charge electrically neutral neutron equal weight proton protons neutrons called nucleons helium nitrogen atoms neutrons protons true atoms atoms neutrons protons atoms element numbers protons total number nucleons atom known mass number atom carbon atoms protons neutrons mass number nitrogen atoms mass number atomic number nitrogen neutrons nitrogen atoms element atomic number mass number
hundred miles thousand miles billion miles radiant energy travel forever outer space sooner later hit kind matter things happen energy hits matter energy reflected absorbed pass matter hits reflected radiant energy enter matter hits bounces surface matter matter smooth shiny surface makes reflector radiant energy silver surface mirrors front glass radiant energy reflected travels matter hits travels matter transmitted energy travel matter absorbed happens radiant energy stopped enters matter description radiant energy beginning chapter help answer question kinds radiant energy behave differently hit matter gamma rays pass kind matter kinds energy reflected kinds matter radio waves easily reflected infrared energy travel window glass ultraviolet energy stopped window glass plants need ultraviolet energy grow surrounded radiant energy minute body matter hit radiant energy traveling space
kind radiant energy easiest kind unaided eyes energy call light light energy comes action electrons atoms farther electron nucleus atom potential energy electron moved nucleus adding energy atom radiant energy electron moves nucleus energy form light light seen large numbers electrons action matter giving visible light luminous matter classroom luminous matter classroom luminous light important reasons energy earth comes light energy comes light moment energy stored chemical energy energy fuels light energy fuels stored energy light importance light energy studied earlier happens water atmosphere earth energy light light important information carrier living things sense happening light animals catch food light
makes light controlling light put needed controlling reflection put light needed control color light mixing red blue green light white light appears colors called primary colors reflection light help control light reflected matter smooth shiny surface light reflected straight lines learned light reflected surface angle hits surface angle reflection equals angle incidence mirrors common tools controlling reflection mirrors flat flat mirrors find home mirrors curved surfaces control light curved mirrors seen curved makeup shaving mirrors curved mirror bulb flashlights automobile lamps curved mirrors maybe seen shiny toaster pan acts curved mirror mirror curves called concave mirror concave mirror thought smaller flat mirrors diagram shows concave mirror treated flat mirrors study diagram find lines light traveling flat mirrors
read weather reports newspaper listened radio air pressure place place air pressure atmosphere measured inches millimeters mercury measurement instrument called barometer seen kinds barometers shaped clocks thin upright tubes mercury height column mercury tube means torricelli built barometer hundred ago glass tube sealed end filled tube mercury finger open end tube turned mercury filled tube upside open end surface mercury dish released finger tube small part mercury ran torricelli discovered height mercury remaining tube inches reasoned air pressure pushing mercury dish pressure support column mercury inches high choose mercury liquids torricelli tested barometer times places barometer top mountain height mercury decreased
water planet liquid form oceans lakes streams percent earth water oceans fresh water ground tiny amount earth water air molecules liquid water ground move rapidly escape air water molecules air form colorless odorless tasteless gas invisible gaseous water called water vapor amount water vapor greatly place place seldom water vapor percent air small percentage important rainwater reaches land comes sea form water vapor vapor reaches cool upper air droplets liquid droplets form clouds droplets combine form larger drops fall earth rain water vapor air solid part earth desert water vapor air water droplets clouds blanketing effect carbon dioxide heat reflected earth absorbed water molecules water atmosphere earth colder air hold water vapor
atmosphere heat earth tropical regions receive heat areas north south air tropics warmer air north south warm air rises rises colder air moves north south place rising warm air moves north south tropics moves cooler movement cold warm air earth rotating surface keeps atmosphere motion cold outer space reason matter space solar energy strike matter changed heat outer space side sun quickly burn side sun rays frozen solid earth space sunny side extremely hot dark side frozen water atmosphere absorbs heat protects earth extremes look sky water form clouds water clouds form tiny droplets high clouds water frozen tiny ice crystals droplets ice crystals important jobs absorb incoming rays sun act blanket prevents earth losing amounts heat
rats mice squirrels porcupines beavers gophers members group called rodents animals alike major word rodent comes latin word meaning gnaw look front teeth rodents insects compete important foods believed rats destroy amount grain equal output average farms united states notice rats destroy food eat rats mice destroy ten times food eat mice eat pounds food months mice leave droppings droppings pounds food unfit eat successful competitors rodents reproduce rapidly pair rats produces fifty young young reproduce months grandchildren pair producing young adding multiplying easily figure rapidly rat population increase rapid increase called population explosion fortunately rodents control ways size animal population depends food supply animals rodents compete food compete kinds animals
oceans frontier left earth explored known shallower parts ocean deeper waters explored explorers leave sunlight surface travel darkness watery environment oceans strange environment explored underwater environment calm quiet place happening scientists believe living things earth found oceans means activity oceans filled activity explore underwater find quiet noises hear moment noises materials oceans quiet record polluting environment lakes united states rivers polluted polluting environment pollute environments living things plants animals live polluted water pollute water destroy activities carried plants animals lives difficult stop natural activities oceans rivers lakes environment greatly changed
travel space find matter states large amounts matter solid liquid gas found environment earth pressure acts bodies earth caused matter states describe matter action pressure bodies crushed pressure matter stars planets large objects space space matter called vacuum space universe vacuum earth think vacuum pull matter say vacuum say form slight vacuum mouth drink liquid straw liquid move mouth study pictures page seen suction cup darts soap dish suction cup pressed piece glass inside jar vacuum suction cup glass holding air pressure hold study pictures happens air pumped jar gauge shows pressure dropping pictures prove air pressure vacuum holds suction cup place
decided start fourth grade imagine felt grown pants going school bunch kids boys knee breeches girls short frocks full force discrepancy struck knew going school expected youngsters fun laugh ignorance backwardness awful accent strangely kind happened laugh scrambled language ridicule hearty fun enjoyed teachers classmates exceedingly helpful eagerness learn english language equaled enthusiasm teachers help child learning words applauded acquired word turned sentence progress give endless pleasure spurred extra effort applying spare special tutoring teachers able move ahead rapidly weeks promotion end semester ready ninth grade english worked english language convinced depend logic learn thought native tongue learned letters alphabet sounds rules grammar spelling learn
looking idea solve problem word meanings read words look learn word meanings words problems small words puzzle cases going dictionary help instance page dictionary shown lesson small words page emit dictionary says emit means set discharge help fired discharged job emitted knights olden times set crusade emit need help dictionary definition dictionaries understand need help sample page lesson goes give word emit says volcano emits lava words volcano lava mean meaning emit clear picture mind volcano shooting discharging emitting hot lava word sentence helped fix meaning exactly helps understand word setting context ways giving reader context clues
gary felt safe secret happened feel knew truth happened bothered wonder things including things forget wonder gary fowler incident big thing forget nearly weeks later event fresh mind coming home basketball practice clock rush hour streets deserted rushing home lots eat homework television gary mind dull evening ahead startled frightened stranger stepped alley asked quarter boy thought quarter guy certainly nervy hustle gary shook head panhandler wasn taking answer repeated demand grabbed gary arm strong grip gary grew frightened guy wasn fooling blocking gary making feel crowded panicky thing gary knew running think remember coming decision scared took street running depended getting
young person find answer question lives worlds part story chapter book indian boy living navajo reservation southwestern part united states kirby kee bahe gorman lives navajo white grandson singer indian medicine kirby medicine complicated boy lives worlds kirby kee bahe gorman woke thinking hunt prairie dogs today herd sheep breakfast half tasting prairie dog stew took crisp bite bubbly fry bread swallowed scalding gulp tin cup coffee rubber tired wagon waddling creaking big ditch road grader lurched ruts leading gorman family camp base standing rock visitors kirby started figuring turn kind special hunting prairie dogs going store teaching pony trick helping sister angelina skip rope spite crippled hip kind answered restless need notion wishing change big set course
nearer health center source help logical place need discussed kirby stop think health center white nurse white nurse naturally white medicines kirby hand believed navajo medicines sings making learning slowly admit singer chants dry sand paintings someday singer pass power puddle blood running toe yazzie known mesas white nurse health center stopping blood kirby swung cliff face caught yazzie rifle slithered sand stooping ducked shoulder beneath yazzie arm straightened hoisted yazzie left foot yazzie sixty pounds hung heavy kirby shoulder picked zigzag shrub shrub footing soon regained ledge sandstone kirby left rifle going gently downhill water carrying path directly health center caught rifle turned kirby found drag yazzie weight pull rifles holding tracks
young place louise becker stage wings curtain milling front auditorium saw students stage ladder louise felt business place wild scenes school play rehearsals liked watching television daydreaming involved sort playacting wondered carmen able carmen sanchez special sort girl carmen real friend louise close friends course carmen friends louise carmen girl louise knew liked tease carmen activities carmen tease shy mouse carmen louise met lunch period today carmen asked louise drop auditorium lunch mumbled needing favor louise wasn sure carmen wanted decided drama carmen activities completely involved school play exciting told louise surprised carmen excited excitement natural part carmen
green number sitting big soft chair thinking felt hungry turning control panel pushed button plate green pills number ate felt full easy thought dull pushed button control panel chair moved window ground straight streets stretching eye streets hundreds green antennas going standing streets moved carrying green looked tops green houses green saucers landing taking fly green sky number sighed pushed button chair moved window green children green playground playing cat mouse cat mouse machines pushing buttons children cat run mouse mouse dull number mouse run cat machines don real animals planet bird machines dull find fun
morning sun ricky crowed wake big breakfast zym watch thompson amazed thompson milking cow amazed find egg myra nest kind animals planet thompson asked don room animals zym need space machines houses moving roads cats mice real playing push buttons cat runs mouse find dull sad animals thompson let look bit field zym stopped short looks small sun end green stick cried sunflower thompson called looks sun likes turn face look sun beautiful zym joy mind watch wonderful flower thompson plow fields zym watched sunflower thompson later afternoon looked tired poor zym hard rocks field friend evey harder harder plow
astronaut flies earth explore space moon maybe someday worlds aquanaut goes floor sea explore places wonderful strange astronaut seen beautiful fish swim ocean aquanaut water stay unusual creatures find things dreamed stay water short special gear kind gear aquanauts pretend aquanaut gear need need air tank flippers face mask heavy belt waterproof watch air tank air breathe water wear tank short hose tank brings air mouth dive lot air pumped tank air pumped tank full air pressure tank hold air breathe water hour wear flippers feet help swim quickly water hands face mask helps getting water eyes heavy belt keeps body water waterproof watch helps sure don stay longer hour
open eyes wide stretch arms try hard fingers pitch dark darker outdoors night close eyes hear soft sound water drips lizards snails bugs fish bats animals moving stand creatures don noise don hear place underground cave cave cave natural hole earth small place miles feet high true cave nature nature makes caves ways wind caves formed sides mountains wind blowing small bits sand rock deep holes rock sea caves formed waves beat rock hundreds hundreds caves deep water explored underwater caves found wonderful plant animal ice caves caves cold ice formed making lovely shapes wind cave sea cave ice cave cave soft rock called limestone
rain stopped stream drip drip trees heard warm afternoon kate sat reading letter alice smith outdoors kate sun aunt isabel called kitchen kate didn move strange things sure happen city read night house broken papers moved daddy office police imagine coming home finding front door broken kate gordon aunt isabel yelled kate jumped ran pushing letter pocket strange happens shadow lake sighed walking slowly stream mile stream ran shadow lake gave town kate lived liked shadow lake summer city winter dull fun making stories scare mother aunt lion saw turned mrs rico cat kate lake sign smith getting lake road ready summer countryside nearly ready kate noticed color leaves flowers appeared beautiful rain alice written family lake weeks
don worry winifred aunt isabel saying kate mother isabel kate home dark dog began barking women ran door kate running path breath asked kate mother happened aunt isabel asked kate talk smith house robber kate smith sends workshop aunt isabel kate jumped throwing smith papers sounds crazy architect broke house city talking mother laughed kate told alice letter aunt isabel looked puzzled kate workshop windows head kate answered inside house secret passageway kate mother stared secret passageway asked missed alice wanted names kate answered ready cry scared watching throw smith papers floor kate turned aunt important city police aunt isabel looked kate truth child story winifred car keys asked excited voice
street empty lot small full junk armchair stuffing coming boxes tires things didn want middle big pile dirt start telling tell started lot live apartment building mike oldest family sister arleen brothers twins names billy sam school arleen watches mother working help act friends live building friends joe russ school re basketball team school play trouble started wasn place play couldn play apartment room apartments stuff beds things played ball street kids run ball hurt arleen tells don listen listen mind roof
playing ladies car stood looking lot watched heard lady mess look broken glass junk lady place children lady beautiful city places mayor thought mayor ready run didn ladies give orders joe want clean arleen means knew wait afraid happened happened big truck full dirt looked empty lot place mac looks supposed dump dirt orders let backed truck lot let dumped dirt middle lot
playing car stopped ladies mayor kids hide fast hid watched ladies looked pile dirt mad mayor place cleaned mayor yes remember gave orders clean dumped pile dirt lot bet waiting pile dirt lady children playing lot dangerous place play mayor yes re dangerous cleaned fence put joe going pile dirt arleen kids started cry kids let think ladies pointing things talking mayor shaking head thought think anymore marched felt pushing walked front leave stuff looked surprised mayor kids pile dirt
mudlark mule worked keeper zoo pulled cart keeper gave animals eat cage cage mudlark talked animals liked tiger giraffe bear big wonderful animals wish mule beautiful mudlark liked pull cart keeper didn walk mudlark find job truck cried mudlark stay zoo friends don mules zoo keeper tiger mudlark keeper laughed giraffe mudlark re keeper bear mudlark silly keeper mudlark stood legs ostrich stood leg flamingo bad mudlark keeper find job sadly mudlark walked leaving zoo zebra find job asked mule don pull cart zoo stay zoo cried zebra
boy striped sweater beautiful sweater mudlark asked grandmother boy black white asked mudlark grandmother heard mudlark wanted smiled yes mudlark put striped sweater zebra shouted pleased turned somersault don look zebra boy look mule sweater mudlark gave sweater funny grandmother garden look stripes walked walked didn stripe mudlark tired big stripes thought heard band playing mudlark circus saw clown washing line clown big baggy striped suit mudlark ran line grabbed striped suit pulled fast backward somersault pushed clown washtub ran suit shouted clown angry circus friends cried mule somersault
tony sat steps house watching boys playing ball street tony watched children play lot wanted play couldn walk ask school miss allen asked tony wanted answer couldn sat gave answer soon tony tried say feel children looking face red words wouldn children brought things school showed stand front room tell treasures tell treasures tony sure talk things didn nice bring school looked looked apartment wasn wanted show children looked treasures boxtops bottle caps pictures rockets didn want show school tony wasn thinking problem heard sound coming closer closer tony saw spinelli bright flower cart turning street rosabella pulling tony spinelli friends
andrew brooks cried teacher andy room start bringing dogs school andy looked yellow black dog dog miss smith andy think dog miss smith andy took dog door home dogs don belong school smart dog re dog anyway yellow black dog looked andy started slowly street school andy walked home friends bob steve told wagner wagner beautiful waiting home soon boys andy yard yellow black dog ran wagging stump tail jumped barked ran round round wagner bob asked dog don belongs maybe belong steve dog sniffed feet maybe andy thoughtfully boys andy dog ran yard suddenly dog picked andy ran dog fast
woke dawn hear rain pounding metal skin plane thought boat shop rain beating roof felt terrible thirst remembered jumped shouting ajo raining heard vicente groan meant wake stood quietly snored felt carefully dark located canteen lying want stumble leg leaned door cupped hands drink held canteen rain raining hard small canteen filled slowly found piece plastic seats collected water poured canteen spilling half feet canteen full gathered plastic find dark pulled wire overhead filled pieces plastic rain wired necks shut took dawn fill containers pleased knew food water rain began heavier blow plane door bent close took wet clothes lay pile seat stuffing warm
girls stamped snowshoes hour pelting snowballs playing hens hear laughing abbie thought finished morning chores eating dinner kitchen dark abbie light lamp gust wind whined chimney blast set shutters slamming furiously house ran window clear sky deepened ominous dark gray gulls screamed wildly bewitched wind flag pole blowing knew wind veered northeast esther mahala began cry mrs burgess called parlor abigail father caught storm mother halfway mainland gale blow sea esther mahala rushed abbie esther asked worriedly exactly father batten things directed lydia esther latch shutters mahala bring flag abbie closed sheds moved hen coop protected spot sisters sat fire complaining rock father father bring supplies storm lydia whined
serendipity hard hearing worked garden catch shrill sounds began coming fence likely ignoring delighted seedlings taking hold prepared section ground vegetables land going waste wouldn say ag agamemnon heard giggles sniggers coming fence cukes beans tomatoes fine maybe squash caught thoughts suit prefer fresh alfalfa serendipity didn think grow suggest clover lofting wooden fence flashed spinning sunlight crashed metal shed roof ag bolted cover rolling ground stop feet weirdo shriek fusillade empty cans raining roof round shocked watchman stumbled shielding head bent arms soda bottle spun shattered bulldozer weird weird weirdo shrill laughter filled spring air tormentors stood planted boardwalk cluster slouched swaying lightly waiting oldest thirteen ball point tattoos forearms unblinking smile
snows melted warm winds blew bosque redondo green grass began show banks river big gate fort sumner opened knives marched drums beat horns sounded soldiers gate closed waited husband spring settled land wagons brought food able save gourd flour food journey days blankets knife soldiers ends rifles found mornings fort wrapped cloth hidden grass sharpened stone put lean cloth arm length red velvet girl small dress jacket boy warm night stars sound river running eaten supper tall boy walked quietly black dog hear sat fire ate left pot hurriedly eaten looked gaunt fearful
rich birthday cakes pat sullivan pinkerton birthday party ten friends pat sullivan pinkerton finishing cake licking frosting tiny pink feet thirteen candles short chairs sitting broke beneath friends snickered giggled bellowed laughter hated fun party stomped dining room fury forgot walk sideways crab stuck fast doorway purple anger charged forward cracking walls taking door frame puffed panted upstairs flung face double bed bed collapsed thunderous crash mrs pinkerton boarding school asked pinkerton hopefully boarding school exclaimed mrs pinkerton pat sullivan pinkerton howled wreckage birthday party sad cry wounded jungle beast starve exactly thirteen change boarding school mrs pinkerton picked president coolidge school boys lake brown bear canadian border known boys hockey school say famous hockey teams big rival frontier queen mary school south canada lake black otter
wild slopes mount pelion fall wilder crags coastline turn end drop sharply curving dip beach shelf rock stood cottages firmly built comfortable tiny wattled hut front seated young girl stood busy working fast late afternoon sun sink ridges golden light change suddenly purple shadows asphalion fisherman mending net scyllias diver splicing handle knife hydna daughter twirled distaff sang voice floated clearly low waves lapping shore shining water sang dolphin dolphin strong tide dolphin dolphin dolphin let ride strong waters flow homeward track dolphin dolphin dolphin asphalion chuckled hear girl call girl brought boy spin woman fashion twirl thread comical song sailors sing girl expect find husband don want husband hydna laughing going father partner
mother father lot fun unlike father took unwavering calm philosopher mother vibrated higher frequency fact rattled sensibilities correct women neighborhood mother united states wrong age curious seventeen cement japanese culture set mother tried hard cultivated gentle soft spoken manner managed poker face occasion demanded underneath mother quivering mass emotions satisfied glad wasn slow molasses mrs kato chubby jiro mother mother downtown mrs kato board avenue streetcar separated swarming crowd car door opened surged inside sudden movement stopped bottleneck slow motion mrs kato smiling bowing graciously mother submerged crowd sah itoisama dozo osaki ni screamed mother tell mrs kato dispense ceremony mrs kato standing hesitantly waiting mother emerge tight crowd mother voice floated japanese ahead re
matt dropped boldly darkness feeling excitement awe exploring human shouted listened echoes heard ancient hidden rocks finally pile loose shale gave boots shiver footprints clung drop rope gouging flat area safe stand tumbling rocks bounded darkness eerie echoes clattering matt squatted rucksack dug flashlight flicking eagerly watched beam eat blackness absolute light solid column glanced light drop opening weak blurred hazed star eye light warned guiding light lost lose flash sense direction light important north star sailing night compass rule natacomo county cave ten commandments blinked mind carry sources light waterproof container matches hesitated moment wouldn stay worry emergencies certainly wouldn wander lose sight drop opening
worked train frightful process put stump leash step feet meat hand whistle whistle supposed eventually mean food whistle show meat false flaps finally fly hand pet feed fly fairly sure ate flew fist breakfast whistled frightful food wasn hungry anyway thrilled learned whistle meant looked steely eyes morning thought saw gentle recognition puffed feathers sat hand call feather word means content fine august took frightful meadow training lure tied meat piece wood covered hide feathers throw air swoop sky catch absolutely free maneuvers fly high air hover leaf sure hungry turned loose wanted
human mortally wounded dies quickly dying death takes possession says mine city die ruins continue deny doom children parents dead week play grownups homes cellars destroyed buildings rats hard eyes rubble naked babes return smell death inhabitants recognize grown farmers grow accustomed heavy sweet smell orange blossoms stranger city things fill horror things living notice say city dying flee fear fear sprung ruins smell death comes beneath memory filled peace dew morning horse led muddy hole drink horse dawn drunk pure spring horse turn seen animals calabria hot month august swallow moist earth weeks ceased pool
john pappas appeared spring training thin pale looked seventeen twenty st petersburg florida pitcher york mets knew major league clubhouse spring equipment manager assistant trainer maybe bat boy heaved john pappas door mets spring sure job decision pappas stood quietly hushed green carpeted clubhouse sneakers arm glove field collection strangers hopes trying sort team rabbit quick rookies impossible leaping catches coaches looking older players stars teams tried sweat shape season ahead borderline players worked hardest running extra laps outfield taking turns batting cage chattering attaboy baby show hummer hand chuck casey stengel manager mets reputation favoring players spirit hustle borderline players knew didn brand team slide major leagues
delivered afternoon prescriptions action drugstore picked school job hurrying street grew dark store windows glittered christmas lights snow shoveled huge windrows outer edge sidewalk thinking stopping hamburger going home dinner saw sam coming street seeing feel watching thought fifty wanted look sam carried erect springy looked heavier buttoned soiled sheepskin coat hat brim roll side left ran free hand lifted hat wipe forehead sleeve maybe ease sweatband saw rough face didn change expression warmed held hand greeted called pistol felt suddenly accident dropped hole asked school wanted ranch days help tom drive herd wolf creek able stock feed
days emperor charlemagne charles franks ruled france germany fought mightily enemies christendom lived count named girard count girard held city castle vienne land lay friend emperor vassals knights rebelled war charlemagne angered called army marched vienne whilst girard followers retreated city defending walls bravely months advantage fell side passed seige lasted besiegers besieged longed war city defended charlemagne glad peace subjects bring withdraw army acknowledged defeated rebel emperor army considered ten greatest champions france charlemagne young nephew roland son emperor sister berthe roland lately knighted anxious prove siege lasted chance showing worth days slowly young knights squires left camp hunted woods vienne jousted companions skilled feats arms
ears donkey tail possum eyes pig hide sherman tank undying optimism sighted dachshund armadillo riddle presents whimsical appearance real riddle armadillo southern motorist knows critter question armadillo private property lone star blue bonnet yellow rose today armadillo familiar sight southern southwestern states waddling purposefully highways dusk deeply intent purposes century armadillo marched traditional home central south america north land cowboys tolerated plowed fields farmers detested digging rooting crossed wide mississippi river ventured east georgia north kansas ice snow prevent miniaturized panzer tank invading distant territory armadillo poses challenging riddle earth wildlife retreat hundreds species fighting survival armadillo possesses supernatural power surviving flourishing regions proved increasingly inhospitable forms wildlife
fall samuel adams bade johnny summon boston observers clock night meet believe general gage knows moved arrest lorne send soldiers arrest think hang club sir hancock johnny meant compliment sam adams looked startled pleased noticed seen going salt lane entering printing shop future meet small groups punch johnny house house talking unpaid bills shillings thinking punch ship boston months british ships british officers limes lemons oranges days friends boston tories miss lyte god plenty friends british officers tropical fruit mrs bessie lyte cook listened going eat fruits drink give sam adams don say give dispatch bag johnny returned bulging small meeting twenty original members left town threat arrest british
important words think think tell share facts ideas feelings put words share knowledge experience extent words extent put knowledge experience words understand knowledge experience extent understand words meet word don reading stop dead tracks skip section word appears try pick later point realize missed comprehension suffered missed check meaning word stopped practical run dictionary understand meaning unfamiliar word purpose chapter give tools pry loose meanings words don ways approach meaning word looking method study passage word appears method discussed chapter study parts word determine part word meaning examining word parts subject chapter
uncle ed built number camps beaver pond trout landlocked salmon attraction fishermen beautiful ponds district coolness quiet drew summer visitors attractions uncle ed grant guests gathered camp fire evening beautiful bearskin uncle ed yes big agreed admiring skin spread wall side big fireplace yes hold candle uncle ed rangeley don valuable bears important critters hides bed rugs generally hang em walls bout bear hide tellin bout big wasn unusual thing bout uncle ed took pipe began pack tobacco guests knew count story bear hide unusual asked eager listener didn holes unusual bear hide hole bullet bullets maybe
chop chop chop john thompson ax bit deep oak tree chop chop chop tall muscular twenty body swayed backward forward stroke rang tangy air early winter ground thompson small ranch putah creek sacramento valley covered snow sun shone warmly awhile stopped chopping wipe sweat forehead heard crunch crunch horse hoofs breaking snow crust minute saw horse rider coming hello shouted friendly hello answer stopped cabin thompson didn opened door put letter newspaper inside sacramento paper letter postmarked norway likely cousins guessed thompson bring news home bearer letter chuckled find news paper piece government trying find carry mail mountains winter try fly mumbled hmm john thompson reply meant thoughtful expression blue eyes thinking mail mountains person figure
olympic games held athens greece marked place forbidden roman emperor greece conquered romans centuries competitions roman greek youths continued considerable disagreement contests conquerors conquered matched games began april beautifully restored stadium king queen greece attendance forty thousand occupied forty thousand seats surrounding hills crowded overlook scene ancestors sat hills watched games colorful parade official ceremonies king announcement proclaim opening international olympic games nations represented united states britain australia france hungary sweden denmark switzerland germany greece event finished flag country victor raised band played national anthem games king presented medals winners olive branch according custom meaning victory laurel branches handed runners marathon events ancient times included memory messenger raced foot marathon athens announcing important victory greeks
lecture agassiz lecture agassiz newsboys called streets boston directions rushed theater buy tickets going lectures popular activity louis agassiz popular speaker studied natural science agassiz say especially fish glaciers news practically despite accent interesting presenting information talk town newspapers printed lectures learned agassiz fame spread louis agassez america approached wealthy bostonian lawrence agassiz invited house occurs agassiz country american boys learn natural science prepared give fifty thousand dollars harvard university money start build lawrence scientific school teach deeply honored lawrence fine opportunity american boys planning return switzerland shortly promise think louis agassiz answer firm yes soon foreign born foreign educated teacher harvard students soon found method teaching foreign
louis agassiz complete scientific study turtles america enlisted help friends turtles turtle eggs country difficult collect specimens exciting adventures experienced brought turtle eggs book writing agassiz wished show pictures eggs stages growth picture showing stage needed freshly laid eggs hours pond turtles laying bring eggs agassiz jenks school principal agreed jenks school large pond turtles look eggs agassiz hours trick pond railroad station miles station boston thirty miles boston agassiz home miles forty miles hours jenks knew turtles laid eggs early morning hours june wanted chances began watch weeks ahead
jerome kildee built house mountainside odd house jerome kildee odd built house giant redwood tree windy point early days creatures building homes foot redwood branches jerome built house folks build knobs high mountainside roundtopped wooded mountains pacific coast range neighbors thought concern jerome walked windy point looked giant redwood towering sky stood enjoying deep silence knew going stay turned tree looked green ridges smoky valley gray white haze pacific smiled land silence place silent house jerome built wide redwood wide waste space jerome need room carried biggest window buy cabin set wall faced view ridges valleys window high wall wall door rolled plate glass window store
milo knew longed opposite school bored studies useless afternoon home school flopped chair prepared spend afternoon noticed huge box corner room attached bright blue envelope milo plenty milo assembled tollbooth looked strange map package filled names places seen closed eyes poked finger map landed place called dictionopolis milo dusted toy car drove tollbooth deposited coin rolled dictionopolis milo encountered tock watchdog body enormous alarm clock tickticktick sound tock excited alarm bell begin ringing excuse gruff conduct watchdog driving traditional watchdogs ferocious milo relieved escaped doldrums assured dog bore ill fact grateful assistance splendid shouted watchdog pleased sure friends rest trip call tock strange dog goes milo
lived steppes famous justice wisdom known fairness wide ask settle disputes villagers appeared wise asked settle quarrel tell story judge plaintiff leave village plaintiff business wealth hundred gold coins easily hard want stolen care carry money journey entrusted gold coins safekeeping journey denied received money saw give hundred gold coins asked judge saw heart forest handed coins say judge asked turning defendant defendant shrugged shoulders don talking forest saw gold coins remember place handed money judge asked plaintiff
alexander graham bell named grandfather father born grandfather birthday father grandfather specialized speech taught speech alexander grew interested aleck boy called family inherited mother musical ability played piano music teacher signor bertini wanted aleck follow footsteps age fourteen aleck spent london grandfather grandfather influenced aleck teaching speech aleck stayed london family thought missed family station meet saw raced platform big bag bumped legs waved cane didn wave didn recognize stared past rushed put bag cried bell stared stylishly dressed son exclaimed aleck laughed remembered london clothes wonder recognized took tall silk hat minute looked aleck dark hair stood head grandfather bell able change
shortly george washington president united states young richard moreland family pennsylvania england help earn money fourteen dick left mother sisters join wagon train carrying goods philadelphia pittsburgh railroads wagon trains means carrying freight dick train consisted big conestoga wagon drawn team horses string pack horses dick rode head pack horse wagoner dick journeyed marcus horner journeying westward cherry creek ford sat road finishing noontime rest conestoga wagon drew driver offer greeting older horner thinner face jutting chin horse team tall chestnuts big boned legs finely handsome nervous jumpy dick noticed eyes helper boy taller dick looked younger shy sat looking horse ears wagoner pulled swung round saddle spoke dick companion stop nooning horner
descended hill slowly curve curve voice sounded certainly boy richard thought recognize voice heard speaking shyly offer thanks meal bread bacon speak praises raw boned speckled white horse doubt tom garwick gotten trouble driving hill headlong speed brakes set voice raised boy dick soon hurry excitement round turn saw shadowy figure loom road heard caspar ask horner help answer boy added sudden rush words let trouble mean let rest drive tom garwick mile dick spoke blackness marcus horner explained horses help happened boys left road going straight slope grays waiting highway lantern hanging low branch maple
door closed visitors frank lloyd wright stood minute thinking japan told worldwide trip looking architect build imperial hotel tokyo guests emperor important foreign visitors sleeping rooms banquet hall private supper rooms swimming pool theater impressed wright interested designing building wright assured climbed stairs bed plans began developing mind week outlined design took japan months later received official invitation begin ship dropped anchor japan wright met baron okura baron representing imperial family saw wright comfortably settled suite rooms imperial hotel window wright palace grounds ancient moat rose huge stone walls gateways opened park dark pines grew gardens park stood ancient palace plans hotel won thought wright building fit japanese setting style architecture foreigners feel comfortable combine ancient design modern easy task immediately began prepare plans
stopped rest midday pedro divided water bottle chico share wasn grateful pedro maria affected hike lack water show dave growing weak started step took painful beginning worry going find water asked pedro shrugged find suppose don lot died lack water si afternoon maybe tomorrow need worry find cactus anyway cactus si water cactus taste water wouldn care tasted dave wiped dry cracked lips hand wouldn care dirty knew going kill poisoned sure knew say tell anyway tell animals drinking didn drank anyway skeletons bones died plodded arroyo green spots grass bushes camp storm
spent fishing digging clams exploring boat pedro found fishhooks line maria found filled matches dave found pair canvas rubber soled shoes important things odds ends tools clothes help hike north looking glass fastened bulkhead cabin gave laugh days dave seen looking glass surprised looked light brown hair hung ears tanned skin nearly dark pedro pedro hair laugh maria means cutting worse soon find tying eyes mean braids hair ribbons dave promised piece shirt tail hair ribbon needed careful say vision fix reached santo tomas birds beach close boat dave decided try slingshot
lt matthew maury united states navy tall walked limp crippled stagecoach traveling turned pinned underneath accident occurred mat maury shore leave ended career seafarer young officer physically disabled speed ocean travel safe mapping trade winds project tremendous difficult thought attempting lt maury idea draw maps invisible paths steady winds words road maps oceans ocean trailmaking started shortly lt maury appointment administrative post washington title impressive officer charge depot charts instruments actually duties unimportant government charts chesapeake bay american warships regularly sailed going washington map bay prepared british chart makers mat maury aware chart shortage moved washington making voyage navigation officer sloop war searched vain charts information help choose route rio de south america ship ordered report
arrived hungary october soviet tourists spent days touring beautiful country cordial hearty welcome tuesday october theatre saw crowds streets budapest lined ranks carried placards bore inscription live hungary students demanding redress correction errors committed hungarian government legitimate demands evening saw hotel staying rifle deserted street took position drives taking careful aim began shooting street lamps lamps darkness enveloped street prompted marksman hooliganism think bright sparks reactionary underground wanted created confusion chaos city soon flashes gunfire sounds battle saw wrecked burning buildings streets budapest overturned tram cars vehicles firing die flare hostile elements aiming paralyzing city workers budapest repelling rebels detachments armed workers tried restore order streets prevent looting places including area hotel workers patrols posted member hotel staff middle aged grey hair told workers hand looting rioting
praise dead point principles guided rise power describe institutions empire believe thoughts occasion citizens foreigners gathered profit form government rivals institutions copied governments neighbors set called democracy power laws law equal justice fail reward excellence citizen equal opportunity serve public reward distinguished citizens asking political decisions discriminate poor serve country matter low position allow secrecy public affairs private relations suspicious angry neighbor likes tolerant neighbor acts approach public duties reverence prevented wrong respect authorities laws laws protect injured military policy superior enemies city thrown open
values western society grow unique mixture traditions ancient peoples jews christians greeks romans west derived ideal brotherhood basic christian ethic love thy neighbor greek humanists west learned liberty rome concept ruled law addition ancient cultures contributed western belief dignity early hebrews believed god yahweh protect earthly harm return thought demanded faithful obedience laws according book exodus yahweh chose moses lead enslaved hebrews egypt destroyed pursuing egyptian army wandering hebrews faced starvation desert yahweh food gave moses ten commandments laws form body judaic belief yahweh led hebrews palestine promised land joined tribes hebrews overthrow canaanites found nation weakened disunity later easy victims conquering armies jews suffered oppression misery prophets jews brought misery violated god commandments god locusts devour crops foreign rulers subdue jews force pay tribute prophets reexamined jewish religious ideas
class fools listens ghost stories tales miracles belong believe silly pleasing notion look picture st christopher die group includes believe offer greeting image st barbara return safely battle fools found hercules st george adore horse decked gorgeous trappings additional offerings hope gaining favors think bronze helmet half divine swear say delude comfort comes imaginary pardons sins pay indulgences measuring purgatory months days hours calculating subtract payment plenty rely magical certificates prayers win riches honor future happiness health perpetual prosperity lusty age end seat hand christ heaven anxious end content joy heaven finally surrender pleasures lovingly cling trader soldier judge think clean sins lifetime donating single ill gotten coin
mere arrogance stubbornness poor insignificant decided appeal lordships distress misery oppress ranks christendom especially germany cry aloud help support authority pope built walls belief protect church reform place kings princes asked reform stated secular rulers power spiritual rulers contrary spiritual power secular rulers holy scriptures call reform pope interpret scriptures thirdly council church called reform invented idea pope call council let attack wall defenders church maintain pope bishops priests monks called spiritual class princes lords artisans peasants temporal class affirm spiritual authorities superior temporal authorities afraid claim christians truly members spiritual class difference office hold st paul says corinthians chapter body christ task perform parts body perform functions
thousand western church directed rome capital city empire changed political center western europe religious center christian church officially divided roman catholic eastern orthodox rome unquestioned authority christianity west roman catholic church rose influence medieval europe tenth century roman empire converted christianity charlemagne empire broke church struggled corruption ranks attacks beliefs rose challenges controlled abuses clergy developed doctrines large body roman catholic law branded heretics hold doctrines endorsed roman catholic church derived enormous power role played lives medieval europeans poor wealthy powerful alike salvation major concern church taught prepare receive salvation sacraments administered sacraments put cycle human birth maturity marriage death religious context included eucharist penance holy orders making church intermediary god church authority wealthy powerful economic political interests clergy acquired valuable landholdings europe richest
age louis xiv king france cardinal mazarin louis chief minister died king took control affairs fifty called grand monarch dominated europe political economic social scene louis supposed boasted catches spirit age modern centralized born modern governments develop sovereign states replace feudal governments sovereign control administration justice force sovereign government officials pass legal judgments control armed forces medieval states sovereign manorial courts administered justice nobility controlled armed forces england emerged europe truly sovereign states william conqueror nobles swear direct loyalty giving beginnings control armed forces later kings added sheriffs traveling justices centralize law enforcement england evolution parliament linked interests nobility landed gentry crown england parliament country local representative bodies france parliament house lords house commons landowners dominated equally house commons landed gentry mixed representatives towns landowners
scholastics adelard bath roger bacon advance science number effect medieval thought scholastics humanists renaissance taught monks universities italy france humanists read works aristotle ancients found ideas stir renaissance curiosity humanists scholastics added scientific knowledge passed ideas later led reexamine accepted beliefs beginning publication nicholas copernicus book revolutions heavenly bodies european scientists discovery discovery natural copernicus polish churchman astronomer lived revived advanced theory heliocentric universe mentioned ancient writings heliocentric theory states sun center universe earth planets revolving sun copernicus theory contradicted theory put aristotle systemetized ptolemy century greek astronomer ptolemaic theory claims earth center universe sun moon stars planets revolve geocentric earth centered theory accepted church church held god put earth center universe center god attention
scientific revolution began forces sixteenth century renaissance helped turn attention western spiritual reformation weakened medieval religious order explorers traveled shattered traditional ideas earth powerful monarchs begun upset feudal society mercantilism expanding economy shifted center economic sufficient manors scholars revived ideas past themes greek humanism create social order age encouraged challenge ancient ideas physical result pace scientific discovery quickened decade saw important scientific advances knowledge fields astronomy physics mathematics comparable developments biology chemistry place nineteenth century despite limited range science sixteenth seventeenth centuries produced discoveries earlier age learned understood findings science europeans distrusted science challenged traditional view center god universe powerful leaders universities churches tried prevent spread findings religious wars witch swept europe sixteenth seventeenth centuries humanists shape renaissance attitudes hostile science methods
french revolution brought sweeping france political social economic systems beginning french struggle change status subjects citizens american revolution revolt france influence borders establishing belief freedom citizenship won violent revolt encouraged countries follow path french revolution took place ways advanced country age france unified nation centuries common language common traditions common set loyalties center enlightenment eighteenth century intellectual movement france potentially powerful nation europe largest population united single government agriculture trade prospering french revolution uprising europe poorest attempt french overthrow political social economic institutions changed times agriculture dominated economy eighteenth century france percent population rural french peasants longer serfs peasants europe fact peasants owned percent land rented worked rest french peasants major complaints objected remaining feudal rights nobles
describe judged profitable estate visited slaves formed twentieth population county blacks considerably outnumber whites overseer regulated hours estates plantation saw negroes sunrise sunset clock allowed stop breakfast noon dine length rests discretion overseer drivers say half hour hour rule number hands directed overseer considerably hundred overseers ordinarily young sons small planters business temporarily means acquiring capital purchase negroes ploughs single double mule teams generally held women held watched interest indication sex unfitted occupation twenty ploughing double teams heavy ploughs superintended negro carried whip frequently cracked permitting dawdling delay turning twitched ploughs jerking reins yelling mules apparent ease energy rapidity
human history equality philosophical idea held advanced thinkers affairs inequality remained rule inequality touched part political power held powerless wealthy refused share economic prosperity slaves serfs workers social inequality based rigid class structure ruled human history denied basic civil rights freedom press speech assembly governments treated subjects citizens denying vote hold political office social rights free public education minimal standard living unknown idea equality demand full citizenship implies died supporters equality believed fundamental idea common important separates despite differences birth wealth power human experiences birth death hunger thirst affection sorrow delight humans understand humor face brevity existence inevitability death western thinkers justify equality philosophically source concept lies greek belief dignity individual belief human equality grew arguments roman thinker cicero believed humans shared god ability reason
centuries autocratic rule german nation established republic constitution written weimar skillfully combined elements parliamentary systems western europe independent executive system united states republic doomed fail beginning place republican government signed treaty versailles germans believed treaty unfairly total guilt war germany treaty demanded germany harshly punished german immediately opposed government responsible war kaiser members government military leaders escaped blame result kaiser leaders military identified glories fatherland decline germany identified republic addition weimar government plagued groups wanted overthrow german communists wanted kind regime established soviet union rightwing groups wanted monarchy dictatorship groups caused minor rebellions government adolf hitler munich beer hall putsch november supporters republic contributed downfall grouping major parties wide appeal separated small parties result single party able win majority seats reichstag german parliament
globocnik duty improve workings gas chambers operate exhaust diesel engine need toxic faster working gas fuhrer ordered speed dr herbert lindner yesterday asked wouldn prudent burn bodies burying generation view things answered gentlemen generation cowardly soft understand gentlemen national socialism contrary bury bronze tablets saying courage carry gigantic task left belzec morning announcement train arrive ten minutes minutes later train arrived lemberg forty cars thousand hundred ukrainians assigned flung open doors drove jews cars leather whips loud speaker gave instructions strip artificial limbs glasses hand money valuables valuables window march began barbed wire sides rear dozen ukrainians rifles drew wirth found front death chambers stark naked women children cripples passed
period europe divided outer zone zone included britain belgium netherlands denmark southern parts norway sweden germany france western parts austrian empire switzerland northern italy zone contained europe industry railway lines citizens highest standard living lowest death rates conditions health sanitation europe countries zone led liberal reform movement citizens responsible literature art music scientific thought era nations parliamentary governments countries common fought bitterly wars outer zone included ireland spain portugal southern part italy europe east germany bohemia austria zone grew food supplied raw materials zone young universities europe hired technicians engineers governments autocratic democratic citizens nations contributions arts scientific thought nations zone countries involved wars twenty nations outer zones colonies spheres influence europe
steven mills jane brown left school afternoon stayed late hurrying home snowing stopped think snow jane steven put cap cold ten speed let art ride home steven started snowing want wet let bikes rust careful jane lot ten speeds stolen steven heard high school boys ride looking ten speeds let art home safe turned street steven lived art running missed cried art left asked steven boys took bike cried steven jane brown looked steven looked art happened rode bike home car steven house car stopped boys jumped ran knocked took bike put car drove jane looked ground art knocked looked street snow deep
sally karen woods box trap closed told catch sally girls ran trap looked animal inside baby raccoon sally smiling let karen wanted trap worked look sally picking trap nice going pet going care let karen supposed pet set trap let sally mother woods mine happy wait weeks passed raccoon grew sally hold raccoon mine say mine tell karen secret sally wondered raccoon happy maybe happy sally thought think times karen tried talk sally raccoon felt sorry animal sally listen karen want lose friend raccoon school sally let afternoon
jeri ray room top house opened windows sun shining sat floor began play cards jeri put cards looked door ray heard noise stairs think coming ray house sure heard jeri turned took quick breath ray looked fast door opened thin boy big dark eyes door looked boy stood door room clothes ray jeri feet noise wood floor ray jeri looked ray jumped ran door wait ray jeri called jeri ray afraid don think hurt jeri answered turned boy boy looked strange speak gary black belong family house ray laughed family house began quiet ray jeri house big
storm rocked airplane rain beat windows dan burns held gun pilot neck climb mark hill pulled stick airplane climbed wings began shake mark looked gun cried airplane beating longer dan thought minute flying looked sheriff star coat dan held front seat afraid want airplane break landed suddenly heard funny noise cried dan sounds fuel line shot mark answered dan land thing mark answered wind knocked airplane mark turning flew dan thought clouds saw open fields roads saw houses look mark pointed place land front airplanes ground small building airplane dropped fast mark pulled stick wheels touched airplane bounced touched rolled seconds later stopped rocking wind rain beat
paint garage jeff asked steve dollars steve ten jeff hot idea read book called tom sawyer jeff tom paint fence friends paint steve asked miriam vicky paint garage jeff pay dollars father job steve laughed sure asked sure jeff call tom sawyer jeff steve paint ready jeff told steve rest idea vicky miriam vicky asked boys answer talking garage late jeff steve think steve vicky miriam paint garage hours vicky miriam jeff laugh calling laugh vicky jeff didn steve saying paint garage hours vicky jeff miriam
janet liked school weeks friends teachers nice remembered move smiled thought school left lunch friends class sat soon talking eating karen saw real sight night boy boy asked running rivers market boy gross ask karen karen laughed janet looked gross word ugly nose ears big pounds looks elephant rivers market boy asked janet janet rivers market boy tonight fat thanks janet busy tonight maybe soon bell rang janet class going rivers market janet thought going school school ended janet waited girls room want walk friends wanted rivers market janet ran market stepped store saw big
mark borrow dime joyce asked brother want candy store don money mark looked book sure money desk room ahead dime thanks joyce pay week joyce dime mark room store bought candy started home hi mark joyce called walked door glad home mark terrible happened asked joyce left going put dime coin collection room dime dime joyce mark dime special worth dollars wow dollars joyce table bed answered mark cried joyce find dime desk took bed table spent spent dime yelled mark worth dollars didn sorry cried joyce don worry dime bell store ask give
jim cleaning store windows saw stranger young walking middle street looked hot tired dirty carrying saddle jim seen strangers ride pecos walked desert stranger dropped saddle store looked thin tall looked older jim water asked jim boss course simon jim young drink jim water stranger telling trapped desert didn foot horse died threw didn need pack clothes saddle saddle cost months pay stranger took water jim glasses stopped playing cards corner store cards floor gray haired stood knocked shouted lost game pay salesman wore clothes tight hat small liked talk loud wave arms air
north scotland strange lake called loch ness large lake mile wide miles loch ness cold dark places feet deep story building tall mountains loch ness hundreds knew deep lake secret road edge loch things started change beautiful mountains lake saw told large monster lived lake feet neck small head bumps newspapers named loch ness monster nessie short picture monster hundreds look nessie saw monster saw didn believe large group decided look spread loch watched water night months stopped winter returned spring joined group saying saw nessie
light snow turned blizzard school closing early bobby neighbor shaw driving school want ride home bobby called cb radio bobby asked car yes answered shaw weather voices radio bobby listened funny talked numbers mean asked shaw laughed means tells means help asking shaw stopped talking car hit ice began slide bobby blowing snow felt car tip snow cleared headed big tree bobby put arms head heard crash felt seat belt pull middle quiet lifted head found ok sure scary answer shaw side head bleeding shaw bobby cried answer bobby didn stop bleeding help tried open car door jammed tree cb making noise couldn think
nick alkemade falling air miles nick trouble parachute happen story cold night march war ii nick england royal air force nick starting bombing run climbed airplane took parachute hung small door machine gun tail airplane small nick took parachute comfortable airplane rolled runway took germany nick tested guns thought working airplane flew english channel soon flying germany dropping bombs enemy guns started firing nick worried airplane captain pilot home hit airplane enemy gun found mark nick soon heard captain cry jump jump shouted plane fire put nick started leave seat tiny door open nick worried trapped nick pulled pushed door
jeff brown knew hitching rides late getting home waved thumb cars road finally strange car stopped door opened voice going upton jeff hop voice jeff seat couldn driver dark glass wall front seat going jeff asked driver laughed farther upton jeff started nervous car going fast hurry driver car faster maybe slow jeff car faster minute reached upton town stop cried jeff let live car faster driver hour help tell places don jeff answer car going fast flying feet ground suddenly rose kite sky jeff asked voice answered seeing scared voice jeff answered drive movie flying car turned suddenly
knew boots corner water afternoon saw standing mailbox boots shining brown leather stopped look boots look boots standing look walk boots jason marvin walked look high heels jason boots wait marvin boots belong finders keepers jason belong jason put boots arm home put bed jason room dinner pulled left boot looked fit jason started walk planned didn walking door decided street jason started run running wondered stop ran hard ran watch big looked mean stood front jason trying block jason kicked knee
boy liar strange boy told lies hurt told big showed winter remember saw morning waiting teacher miss train show boy walked walked front room attention news teacher miss train today sick month walked felt badly heard miss train liked walked believe miss train cried course late today car start boy brought news walked room took seat happened miss train boys girls want meet richard bell class richard family moved hope happy richard richard smiled told lot lies week told lies kids lie teacher jail lie president coming school talk
jane brown sitting front building friends bert tracy talking jane case jane detective police car pulled jane let find want walked police going building officers cook street officer answered jane stay officer don happen officers turned building asked bert means call robbery answered jane let follow police door floor jane friends stayed sight heard officer sands call phillip crane knocked door holding clock robbed radio tv look clock dropped saw jane listened watched going saw crane saw clock saw officer sands taking notes happen officer sands asked
getting dark darrin going store ok let money darrin sheila walked hands pockets talking laughing darrin stopped talking say sheila hear sounds sheila answered let walk faster darrin whispered sister started walking faster getting nervous think talk darrin looked shoulder started walking faster faster sheila going set record speed began run light ran side street sheila looked crossed street big sure run darrin picking speed ran darrin legs lot shorter sheila falling darrin started call sheila corner saw bright lights big street store block strength lights saw sheila darrin ran faster finally store ran inside breath talk tell store happened
wrestle wrestle hold book hammerlock full nelson wrestling trouble fight coming tv george big mike going wrestle wanted sure fight mom didn clean room forget store wanted room clean fight mom don fight minutes minutes clean don young lady big trouble joking room mess friend cathy wrestled night books place clothes floor bed going stop seeing fight cleaned room flat turned tv fight started big mike george hammerlock george mike full nelson mike bounced rope ran george
parkers vacation owl lake talking heard owner boats lake rules saying swims boat lake dangerous times david parker ok knew row boat afternoon looked rain strong wind blew lake david told mother going fishing starts rain called left house david stood shore fishing hard wind picking waves getting larger suddenly david heard cry looked lake thought saw water bottle paper arm calling help david thought father knew looked saw boats rules david thought ran boat started center lake pulled hard wind high waves held began rain water poured soon water suddenly large wave hit side boat turned david felt going
town feel friends johnny felt talked class school yard recess kids talked johnny mother understand act friendly talk tried johnny don want friends johnny lonely mother don hang house playground join games promise fun johnny wanted stay home mother started playground feet telling knew walking street seen end hill street saw house broken windows thought exploring house fun going playground climbed broken window began walking rooms suddenly heard voice hello johnny turned saw boy age boy smiling hello johnny smiled maybe going friend glad boy lonely
believe story going tell don blame happened wouldn believe wife driving country road england going dinner friends house lost late driving pretty fast susan spotted house large run looking sign doctor wouldn think doctor money house shape asked susan didn answer wrong steering wheel car crashed telephone pole susan unconscious badly hurt didn lonely road seen car miles remembered doctor house carefully lifted susan car started walking broken house pushed bell tall gray haired opened door house carried susan dusty room put doctor table unconscious doctor looked saw knew wife fractured skull chance saving
ocean liner windsor castle going england south africa margaret fuller told husband going shower woman closed door cabin sea bit rough mrs fuller felt funny decided fresh air deck ship gave sudden roll thing margaret fuller knew falling screamed hit water screamed early morning deck didn fall windsor castle sailed margaret fuller thought finished nearest land miles knew sharks ocean ship grew smaller smaller longer hour later mrs fuller husband grew worried wife shower taking look shower room empty fuller scared wife looked didn find captain captain patrick beadon ordered crew look room sign mrs fuller hour half left cabin captain shook head knew fallen sea chance living
captain waldo lynch aisle spoke airplane passengers sleeping reading airplane automatic pilot boeing board flying feet miles high pilot speaking happened sudden plane nosed dive miles cold waters ocean waiting passengers screaming praying sure going die move tremendous gravity pull later person giant hand holding passenger sitting shoulders speed airplane reached miles hour gravity pull grew worse plane dived passengers saw strange sight pilot face aisle trying front plane plane pointed earth hard move captain caught leg seat pulled inches caught seat leg passengers tried help found move plane diving speed sound miles hour thought captain
tall fat walked slowly batter box babe ruth turn bat boo sit fat york grandad crowd letting babe chicago cubs fans team playing york yankees series yankees won games chicago fans angry babe played yankees play longer getting heavy play baseball chicago pitcher ready throw pitch babe stepped batter box raised arm pointed seats center field meant clear going hit home run center field seats crowd wild laughed booed called babe names babe stepped batter box pitcher started wind threw pitch babe let umpire say babe raised hand put finger strike yelled noise ball park louder babe angry booing game chicago fans spit wife babe wanted pitcher ready throw pitch
beth sat friend adam look sad asked guys kicked club answered took club money steal beth laughed silly tell friends adam boy wish knew problem answered beth pulled detective note pad pen find tell money morning answered adam club counted touched money adam looked ground job put hiding place school bus school club money handle guys think took beth boys acting strangely school today adam thought brian unhappy lost baseball glove yesterday pay think think facts beth answered adam scratched head steve stop talking movie wants beth writing adam thought hard yes todd wearing big baggy shirt strange dresses
jaimie saw coming crash beans broken glass floor father shouted room money trying help jaimie began help don need father past weeks cost money brought worthless bell front door rang jaimie father front store woman sugar milk jaimie started clean felt bad knew help blame father angry bell ringing maybe business father feel jaimie thought jaimie finished cleaning stop door entering front room heard father voice sounded scared money saying give break business bad jaimie peeked crack door saw gun facing father father side jaimie heart stop looked small room door locked window hours pass thought pulled
sign pool read river school winter school swim meet place meter freestyle marty white loudspeaker filled air marty water race friend passed fourth win today thanks marty looked alison saw sitting wall swim meet coach nelson put race coach nelson walking marty marty thanks meet coach marty splashed water foot coach laughed walked alison marty walked firsts feel going robert ice cream asked marty let dry wet alison walked changing room fair marty coach nelson puts swimmers team chance coach wants win alison maybe alison put clothes suit robert minutes days marty important answered alison ducked door later
nick called tommy trying prove bike tommy wheeled ten speed starting line nick speed look beat answered nick race luck bill ten speed kids nick tried let bother mark called page raised flag nick looked kids race thought mother cool head edge race nick took deep breaths helped flag bikes shot line tom bill start front nick pulled slowly gear didn pedal hard stood seat push harder nick started build speed lead took corner started hill kids busy changing gears lost speed trying find gear grow ten speed nick mother need strong legs sure mind hill nick passed jo ann frank susan gears legs nick thought trees flying nick flew football field
mary jean stood nervously mailbox mailed letter towers silly jealous basketball coach letter postman minutes late pickup mary jean ask letter tear hundred pieces burn burn shame write place send picture coach towers angry friend robin robin acted smart mary jean sure captain basketball team robin mary jean jealous willing captain found robin girls team school smoking took picture mailed letter coach towers robin girls team mary jean line captain home night mailing letter call robin robin wanted mary jean captain robin moving soon told coach towers captain
fly today al howard thought gotten morning feeling dizzy al pilot pilot part alaska careful pilot today bad feeling flying phone rang helen winter ran air field al listen flying today helen al emergency dan stewart sick die doctor wants hospital al al drove air field dan stewart covered blanket daughter janie helped dan small airplane janie sat front al airplane took weather trip hour half hour later feet happened suddenly al called janie slumped hand slipped controls blacked janie believe seeing started shake al al cried wake janie didn airplane caught rush moving air dive janie reached control stick pulled seen al plane shook began lose speed
cousin show garden david mother sonia david kids bike sonia asked walked garden david shook head half money care garden dad says care bike pay sonia looked garden saw huge apple tree yard door tree climb lives asked david looked tree eyes grew sad lives green thumb died weeks ago green thumb sonia asked surprise called gardener real green let climb fence show garden beautiful cousins pulled top fence looked yard ground dry plants brown wilted wow david dying hate plants looking green took care don worry sonia let climb tree apples look pretty sonia david jumped yard green mean kids yard
fran sara walked empty diner sat counter room order want hot dog fran sure want sara sara thinking fran looked room walls yellow grease brightly colored signs pictures food looked diner fran saw machine machine standing corner dark blue sky night covered stars sign tomorrow today fortune fran found penny pocket lose thought dropped penny slot machine began whir stars began shine move front machine stopped small blue card gold letters big surprise fran showed card sara surprise re penny sara laughed don believe junk fran answer brought food counter finishing lunch spoke say kind ice cream free taste sure answered gave dish ice cream
beth picked skateboard slammed house mad mother listens side thought beth hear mother talking want rid skateboard going lot trouble mark words beth thought walked street ahead beth bank friends waiting met school drive bank closed closing driveway parking lot empty place skateboard hurry beth called susan re late beth fight mom tom asked skateboard beth nodded head yes thinks knock kids bad susan practice won listen beth cut put jim re wasting let start races set racecourse cans took turns raced cans soon stop jim stopped picked board hate say home susan picked board
george wasn bad person sure blind woman corner sat tiny shop selling candy newspapers cigarettes handed money busy put money dish woman trusted george usual pack gum saw quarters dimes dish knew picked quarter dish handed blind woman gum put coin woman hand took turned head side asked george thought heard coin dish woman george blushed glad woman couldn coin cold woman rubbing fingers uh pocket george gum george yes ma woman waited moment holding quarter hand suddenly wondered blind george guess pretty hard george find live corner don yes guess house pretty
melvin put green cape thought stepped door stopped melvin captain thunder crunch friend weak protector underdog enemy evil captain took deep breath red stood blue shirt looked looked left thing turned head mask helmet turn problem steps sidewalk marched captain wham hit dares mess captain thunder crunch yelled mailbox scared answer melvin front holes mask eyes captain thunder crunch policeman scratched head girls stopped jumping rope dog ran barked melvin turned quickly dirty beast yelled dog cape caught legs fell girls laughed dog ran halloween thought policeman melvin picked marched stopped front building block thought minute marched apartment elevator shoes answered letters stand tough cookie laughed
story martha dinner smith house martha strayhorn smith friend martha loved mrs smith cooking problem smith teasing martha don tell martha smith say don feed home going call place smith diner pretty soon smith laugh father mind eating house martha later asked strayhorn likes needle strayhorn sure makes nervous martha finish food noticed strayhorn wish stop martha thought tease smith felt week later strayhorn asked martha dinner going strayhorn spareribs home fried potatoes baked beans salad mom chocolate cake let write martha strayhorn asked martha answered night martha table smith put brown paper bag chair minutes later smith kitchen martha hello smith smith leaped stepped
arnold sat favorite chair soda bag cookies spent money lucky phantom true comics ready perfect afternoon arnold turned page voice hi kid arnold didn look slowly put comic groaned glad kid voice asked re arnold turned saw ghost louey poserito usual louey st louis cardinal baseball uniform bat arm looking ball poked pocket arnold watched louey began eating cookies special reason visit asked arnold aw kid louey reaching soda biggest fan bigger fan arnold big cardinals liked mets fool louey number greatest fan cheered louder voted hall famous baseball players guess excited easily arnold told hundred times big fan yes big honored kid louey
today big today going fight tim maloney don want think going tim maloney school bully school bully kind kid looking trouble happen going give trouble matter began yesterday started lunchtime lunchroom line waiting doors open tim maloney didn want wait holding doors yelled standing line waiting standing wouldn maloney decided pick getting front looked straight eye turn say waiting don face added didn think worth getting trouble pretty mean front guess wrong thing say front face turned red let laugh didn thinks funny asked
baby sitting easy told fran put child bed watch tv cutting grass hard cut cut grass edges walk rocks rake grass bag let tell lot grass babysitting fran call say busy ask brother sit works harder night fran call street heard say busy mrs winters brother night amy stay mrs winters saw amy night clothes thing play horsey asked amy soon winters left floor ride want play game tears amy eyes yelled tell mother father cry want bad news getting fran laugh say told played house times
jim daring things thought jim try friend thought knew guess didn friends wrong sure hundred feet water cold gray wondered looked sure looked cliff look jim wait water wait tide highest coming soon going late knew jim catch room mistakes minutes water hitting rocks bottom cliff white circles standing quiet don imagined sound water rocks getting louder neck getting tired looking wondered felt maybe going say sea birds began screaming flying
knew going trouble saw cowboy rode town sat backward horse figured strange looked real mean rode street rode office rode door wrecked door sheriff growled matter asked don ride horse office knocking sorry knock don think meant began laugh strange laugh sounded turkey knew outlaw billy bully town asked important laughed think pretty mean don sheriff mean middle mine ronald named grandfather billy didn let finish going mud laughed turkey place stay fleabag town asked yes called fleabag hotel end street miss
george george taylor george turned looked sister judy find george thought supposed secrets tried look cool going let sister george taylor talking tires stood look face george knew judy harder shake angry bee george building raft judy wait minute george planning george taking silver river rapids tire ready tell going george judy snapped going home george thought couldn let plans end fast raft ready judy george joking building fun swimming hole help river bank judy looked hard smiled ok george swim rapids ok ok george tomorrow thought river ran lower slower summer george thought try rapids
pass tj yelled wildcats center wasn trotter feet tj waved arms harry harry looked tj dribbled passing hogball tj hogball harry harry paid attention left trotters look feet tied tj liked winning team harry feel taking space coach didn mind winning tj watched harry trotter harry quick turn shot ball clean wildcats lead held lead half happened trotter threw shot missed harry ball jammed fingers harry game wildcats lost top harry weeks harry team called kitty cats hope team tj liked basketball playing put practice rest team play boys win harry try tj game began
donald tommy waiting park friends looking comic books found heard bells ice cream donald nudged tommy ice cream donald let buy ice cream ok tommy pulled cents handed donald chocolate pop donald looked money hey tommy slowly lend cents don money money tommy reached pocket pulled cents donald ran ice cream donald saw grass wallet lucky found comic books wallet tommy donald called look found tommy rushed look tommy donald dollars tommy took wallet looked found picture baby card address rita bornstein look drive owner card tommy return wallet maybe reward donald looked tommy finders keepers maybe needs money tommy listen donald half money dollars lot chocolate pops
neil tired playing bus sister laurie ok neil laurie loved bus stop game watch hurry bus try guess person suit teacher woman red hair model game neil didn want play watching person bus stop tall lady smile laurie guessed dancer neil thought rich didn thought beautiful waiting neil thought holding suitcase laurie called neil coming neil wondered tall lady bus pulled car screeched stop tall lady moved surprised car door flew open big jumped suddenly tall lady began run laurie neil took going wait going tall lady front trouble running suitcase saw throw side suitcase laurie cried neil help
uncle fred asked janie uncle fred inventor building strange things machine janie answered step inside takes past hundreds thousands sounds janie uncle fred meet george washington maybe janie watch columbus land america reading school sure uncle fred step inside machine sure safe asked janie don don worry uncle fred won hour janie stepped inside machine going push buttons uncle fred pushed going push button janie wooooosshh suddenly white janie looked ship sea ship big white sails thought santa maria ship columbus sailed america wonder coming dressed sailor big black beard say ye asked strange talking janie thought
building olmec culture stopped americans settled tropical lowlands southern mexico central america maya known reached advanced stage culture call civilization marks civilization large settled population agricultural food production established government developed religion specialized crafts distance trade writing maya established centers clearings forest religious ceremonies carried markets located maya built stone pyramids put statues pillars hieroglyphs picture words carved pillars maya means recording events maya centers depended large numbers farmers scattered forest villages clusters thatched houses farmers lived fields corn beans cotton squash fruit women children provide food carrying dirt stone build centers artifacts show maya simple effective technology cleared farmlands rough hoes maya women ground corn stone milling blocks women spun cotton thread wove cloth garments special stone tools beat tree bark kind cloth paper
americans living southwest mississippi valley eastward farmers parts continent northern lakes region arctic area alaska greenland pacific coast plains americans able live successfully keeping hunting gathering ways iroquois northeast area lakes lived spoke algonkian languages regions rich forests provided varied game abundant supply fruits nuts lakes streams held fish shellfish algonkian speaking americans lived winter meant warm clothing shelters likewise short summer gardening especially raising corn impossible living atlantic coast south lakes able grow corn squash beans groups generally depended hunting fishing gathering farming algonkian hunters small groups looking deer moose beaver small game iroquois traps bows arrows caught fish nets women hooks hunters excellent natural materials help travel distances snowshoes instance winter hunting animals hungry readily seen successful
fiercest rival portugal race trade spain neighbor portugal profits spaniards jealous person helped spain win trade possessions europeans dreamed existed seaman named christopher columbus columbus born genoa city italy sailor early teens making voyages mediterranean sea claimed visited england iceland sailed greenland columbus married woman rich important portuguese family marriage chance read books wife relatives owned columbus bold plan undertake voyage west atlantic ocean order reach asia idea underestimated size thought journey shorter main hitch voyage cost lot money portuguese money voyages aimed getting asia rounding africa columbus spain christians portugal spanish christians driving muslims struggles spaniards nation ruled king ferdinand queen isabella columbus money needed carry plan columbus saw ferdinand isabella explained queen believed east indies reasonable distance appointed group study plan reaching
puritan families changing culture fit england environment english settling environment farther south colonists virginia maryland southern colonists unlike england settlers tended live farms spread countryside felt need town system european settled virginia maryland found warm climate broad river valleys rich soil region ideal raising tobacco crop sold europeans profit farmers land valuable cash crop growing tobacco wore soil quickly settlers moving fresh land colonists moved inland river valleys soil rich water transportation cleared fields tobacco built boat docks put homes early settlers added landholdings built houses farther farther neighbors live miles depend family members families large close knit grandparents unmarried aunts uncles distant relatives lived families wanted needed early farms boring lonely visitors provided welcome break daily routine
english dutch swedish immigrants set colonies america amount staggering newcomers lucky find land indian farmers cleared forest brush immigrants choice clearings tools immigrants brought america europe conditions places north america eastern area covered forests western europe forests cut centuries earlier europeans tools poor today standards family lucky plow wood ax fell trees called strong arms backs trees houses churches public buildings cut firewood wood fuel spading hoeing gardens hard tasks preparing fields raising crops harder immigrants provided food shelter means keeping warm turned building things put barns sheds livestock set fences fields planted orchards finally began develop products export create kind cultures developed europe took hands needed endless colonists seeking hands share mouths feed home
beginning pennsylvania home large numbers english speaking immigrants known scotch irish newcomers descendants settlers moved scotland northern ireland early english recently brought northern ireland control offered poor scotland irish farmland low rent hoped hard working scottish farmers rebellious irish scottish immigrants belonged presbyterian church fierce fights occurred protestant scottish farmers catholic irish neighbors despite fights arrivals prospered paid improvements buildings fences put land money raising flax linen cloth wool sold products england countries situation northern ireland turned bad late english law harsh effects scotch irish irish alike provided irish wool woolen cloth shipped england wales law passed declared presbyterian ministers longer officially perform marriage ceremonies finally english landowners began raise rent property northern ireland scotch irish farmers feeling mistreated ready look
despite washington promises farms owned white black americans scattered kentucky tennessee settlers family found land put house begun farming result families lived nearest neighbor trouble indians turn help late confederation organize communities kentucky tennessee united states lived north ohio river northwest territory sure land settled orderly congress passed law claim land area surveyed mapped measured surveyors divide territory townships townships sections settler buy section acres pay dollar acre congress wanted money sale land pay cost governing west money set school township settlers required pay cash land dollars cash buy farms land companies companies owned army officers received huge tracts land payment military service
took office worked hard constitution adopted determined ratifying constitution americans founded republic established government citizens elect representatives enforce laws constitution provided framework government details worked nation outfitted ways congress continued constitutional convention members drew bill rights states approval amendments appendix congress called amendments constitution important bill rights constitution stated federal courts explain courts organized important constitution define relationship federal courts congress passed act help answer questions law strengthened courts decide cases involving enforcement laws federal laws congress limited power courts cases heard federal courts case involved meaning constitution federal law treaty supreme court united states final court appeal
early americans believed opportunities open future especially bright willing risks colonial days number americans earned living sea merchants exchanged goods fishermen hunted whales giant sea animals manufacture valuable products candles waxy parts whales oil whalebone gave shape women clothing lamps lighted whale oil americans taught colonists massachusetts trap whales shallow water crews rowboats harpoon huge animals drag shore early colonists hunting deeper water continued methods borrowed indians rowing coast seamen lowered rowboats ships sea early fleets whaling boats regularly set england towns cities headed pacific ocean deep water whales found voyages lasted boring profitable sailors lands meet ships stopped food fresh water chase exciting sailor recorded november sighted school whales
colonial times small number american women worked equality making progress fact women vote jersey virginia number states considered giving women voice government household women kinds business family owned prosper member family helped women played important role families businesses hannah wilkinson rhode island family experiment water powered machines husband samuel slater set cotton yarn factory united states familiar ideas hoped carry fact later invented double twist cotton yarn result stronger sewing thread generation number instances business longer needed family member families frequently lived places business result women familiar family owned business women expected devote ladies increasingly spent joining societies shopping attending social gatherings number women chance ladies
ships pulled port newcomers crowded decks eager look america relatives friends waiting shore help anxious weeks ahead strange land immigrants entered united states orleans boston baltimore philadelphia york city montreal canada port entry america lumber fishing boats officials early immigrants met public health inspectors wanted sure newcomers bring diseases united states quarantine free ashore later officials tried sure newcomers live charity hold ideas believed dangerous government united states left ship immigrants fell victim runners salesmen employed boardinghouses railroad companies reporter york newspaper operated scene confusion violence witnessed runners invaded ship harbor forced passengers follow selling tickets bargaining luggage course strangers suffered tribe runners hackmen tavern keepers combined fleece immigrant worst cheating luggage
european americans set number permanent settlements appalachian mountains mississippi river thousand settlers lived region french farmers homes small villages lived detroit centers fur trade growing communities pittsburgh blue grass region kentucky cumberland river central tennessee page chapter ii roads connected tennessee kentucky eastern states frontier towns settled communities newspapers schools churches settlers dressed fine clothing rough homespun began replace log cabins frame houses seeking wilderness land homes looked frontiers pioneers settled central york newcomers moved area earlier iroquois ruled region indians driven militia officials sold land european american investors eager quick profit speculators fortunes robert morris secured loans help fight war independence bought acres land central york later sold land english investors paid european speculators afford land
attack fort sumter lincoln asked volunteers woman recalled north arose ten times seventy thousand volunteers furnished asked large cities towns raised money volunteers families flags floated roofs houses spanned surging streets decorated private parlor glorified schoolroom decorated church walls pulpit blossomed business pleasure alike forgotten jefferson davis issued call troops soldier later reported whisper war excited crowds hundred youths repaired lawyer office drew muster roll began drilling week elapsed full companies drilling thrice marched streets evening sound fife drum line union confederacy clear cut sided neighbors northern confederate army united states army included volunteers confederacy senator john crittenden kentucky try compromise failed war sons fought south union lived border states hardest choosing sides firing fort sumter refused leave union war states virginia north carolina tennessee arkansas joined confederacy
civil war fought battlefield home thousands busy supplying armed forces goods services women took countless jobs held wearing uniforms worked fields ran factories took jobs government offices result north south war affected war broke northerners fully recovered period hard times began soon thanks government orders food manufactured goods prospering farmers selling army increased sales britain chance british poor harvests row eager buy grain foods american farmers farmers business confederacy trade outlawed manufacturers businesses booming armed forces needed large amounts items clothing boots blankets tents wagons arms ammunition meet needs older factories remodeled thousands built helped machines recently invented person turn tools reaper boosted farm production machines produce thousands extra items coal mining tripled war record amounts iron ore copper lumber salt petroleum produced
north south troops rushed home soon armies disbanded tired war eager return business earning living plans letting confederate states union december lincoln told congress pardon highest confederate officials return need promise true union agree end slavery lincoln number equal percent voted took oath government set place union radical republicans refused accept lincoln ideas hoping punish south pushed bill congress allowed government set percent voters loyalty oaths confederate soldier vote hold office lincoln considered plan severe pocket veto president vetoes bill refusing sign law ten days passed bill passed end session congress veto putting pocket congress home late congress bill law
karen liked house school teachers met tried feel home gwen start gwen clear didn karen karen school gwen stopped karen lunchroom find dress garbage karen surprised happened say gwen laughed big mean laugh walked worse gwen stop karen stand front couldn walk dog takes baths gwen karen face walk wall saying things karen asked gwen laughed walked answering kids told karen don mind likes anymore karen asked morning things gwen stopped karen lockers ugly bet shadow bad breath gwen small group kids began gwen wanted hear karen laugh things gwen say karen laughed think funny asked gwen yes karen gwen angry maybe think funny
camping left home morning afternoon camp bill camping book going book didn book bet lost laughed friend chris true bill reading book chris lake bill checked tent later bill lake look book joked chris looks ok answered bill eat hoping part book laughed chris eating lake fish bill caught chris chris wanted fish clouds beginning gather wind breeze beginning pick fast whitecaps raced lake sky grew dark boys walked tent big drops started falling puddles tent soon large puddles wind driving rain muddy ground thunder roared loudly sky lightning flashed night rain coming hard sitting middle storm bill sure tent lines strong put stakes deep ground
crawled slowly sea stretching slimy arms forward pulling dark green body wet trail led water edge boys looked open mouthed franco stepped forward poked stick look turned ball franco boys watched minute slowly thing uncurled began slow climb beach think asked jason seen moon jason brother huey huey walked bent don touch jason huey ran finger ugh slimy huey stepping suddenly thing stopped moving soon stretched arms let stick franco asked jason took stick stepped front thing raised stick going franco asked going kill jason answered wait yelled franco let play boys quickly circle thing moving slowly beach huey started throwing sand let bury started throwing sand moved forward sand fell bury keeps moving jason
early morning luke fremont sitting class teacher miss granger walked luke looked suddenly looked luke sure miss granger hair short red wearing glasses miss granger hair black wore glasses luke figure lunch talked friend scott didn miss granger look strange morning luke asked mean asked scott hair short red wearing dark glasses talking scott didn look hair wearing glasses luke knew seen future seen miss granger look soon luke strange power luke known boy crystal ball eyes school knew luke future helped town police solve cases miss granger didn show class didn show luke feeling wrong afternoon luke call police police chief mays luke wonder help chief chief asked luke
bonnie asked francine frisbee lunch pack answered francine lunch radio lunch box bonnie wait park let cut alley bank francine shorter francine bonnie walked main street alley turned alley bonnie saw parked car look car parked bank bonnie place park alley narrow girls saw run bank stopped door looked waved arm carrying brown paper bags robbing bank bonnie girls ducked nearest doorway francine peeked hiding place coming hurried car jumped front seat bags closed door bags fell alley driver started car raced seat counting bags money bags missing cried dropped drive block driver coast clear
lucy parker yelled happily clapped whistled jumped garage heard sound lucy invented quiet maker lucy dreamed solved biggest problems find peace quiet rich lucy thought want quiet machines lucy looked invention yelled awake sound mouth quiet machine success lucy turned spring machine wheels turned lights lucy smelled strange machine fire smell house lucy ran garage garage door closed shut lucy worry locked smelled smoke kitchen lucy found burned bread oven invention mother hearing oven bell smell house lucy father kitchen yelled lucy hear picked pencil paper invented wrote quiet maker lucy wrote quiet maker trouble maker father wrote uninvent fast lucy ran garage
saturday night pine lake girls camp gloria sandy sitting campfire girls toasting marshmallows singing camp songs singing finished counselors jim stood quiet tell true ghost story moan crowd thing true ghost story gloria whispered sandy whispered don believe ghosts story lowman mansion jim continued lowman mansion hill girls camp fox fire boys camp run house empty lowman died ago summer jim lowman comes haunt mansion comes full moon july tonight july full moon asleep tonight lowman ghost prowl campfire gloria sandy walked cabin let mansion sandy tomorrow tell jim telling story don gloria run ghost thought believe ghost stories sandy don answered gloria sandy firmly let lights sandy grabbed flashlight let whispered gloria girls walked woods hill
water cold looked rough rocks marsha wanted swim cousin peter warned swim told swimming later listen afraid marsha thought ran water swam shore marsha lay floated fun thinking looked beach told swam felt tired beach closer marsha rolled rest water quiet began feel undertow water moving steadily sea taking shore getting farther marsha feel heart beating fighting stay calm don panic told turn swim felt brush leg undertow strong water rough waves beginning form quick undertow pulled rocks marsha tried swim heavy wave catching marsha swam fast high water closer closer suddenly hung screamed wave crashed pulled felt legs scraping rocks struggled reach surface
sho nah felt pull hunger shook cold pulled furs closer face closed eyes thought bones hunt bones cold hungry soon die food wolves answer thoughts thin howl rose winter air slowly died hills moment quiet howl broke quiet song wolf pack begun coming hunger land sho nah tribe leaving feet slow look food wait food sho nah die animal herds seen nights begun grow shaman wise tell sho nah sat small fire left thought son chief leading hunt hunt son told live law tribe times hunger sick stay food give strength hunters children mothers sho nah chief knew law
shampooing washing hair remove dust dirt dandruff oils brushing groomed attractive shampoo hair cool weather oily hair needs shampooed days dry hair needs shampooed week hair oily dry need shampooed days warm weather need wash hair follow steps shampoo success supplies need shampoo brush comb clean towel small cup bowl supplies sink bathtub shower place plan shampoo hair brush hair rub scalp finger tips feel scalp tingle completely wet hair scalp warm water shampoo hair scalp fingertips fingernails fingernails scratch scalp rinse shampoo clear warm water shampoo hair rinse shampoo follow sketches soap paper thin cut knife need special rinse shampoo hair rinse hair easier comb
beggar coming avenue parsons emerged hotel blind beggar carrying traditional battered cane thumping cautious half furtive effort sightless shaggy thick fellow coat greasy lapels pockets hand splayed cane crook futile sort clinging wore black pouch slung shoulder apparently sell air rich spring sun warm yellowed asphalt parsons standing front hotel noting clack clack approach sightless felt sudden foolish sort pity blind creatures thought parsons glad alive ago skilled laborer successful respected admired insurance unaided struggling beneath handicaps young blue air spring fresh memories windy pools lush shrubbery thrill eagerness took step forward tap tapping blind passed quickly shabby fellow turned listen guv minute parsons late appointment want give beggar guv bet handy article fumbled press small object parsons hand sell
children actors thing started boy street named walter inflammatory rheumatism called didn school walk fishing creek waterworks pond place pond spring water tumbling dam formed deep pool place big school spring morning wanted walter inflammatory rheumatism sitting fish pole hand able walk legs began hurt school recess began cry teacher sarah suggett schoolhouse yard ache crying worked home limped painfully limping schoolhouse street felt inflammatory rheumatism pretty bad
maybe matter thirty ago young fellow morgan johnson comes hometown starts living days hometown considered polite ask comes morgan johnson mentions place knows tells considered mystery hard looking citizen respects scar nose pair black eyebrows run black hair black eyes looking goes santa fe avenue thirty ago says dangerous morgan johnson goes santa fe avenue hears says certainly dangerous sees morgan johnson scar nose black eyes says dangerous finally known hometown morgan johnson dangerous respectful goes walking looking
madge ready act turning livingroom lights telephone rang picked tabor identified sounded bad cold madge barely knew small town don stand ceremony apologetically niece eunice stopped town afternoon heard madge called mrs haley course driving colchester tonight imposition ask favor let niece ride madge felt uncomfortable tabor mention colchester road uncomfortable cordially glad give niece lift leave hope ready fairly soon ready mrs haley tabor muffled voice phone waiting porch leave thank behalf hung madge felt twinge uneasiness comes reminded remember turned light car feeling queasy woman liked think mrs tabor driving car night girl wasn thing knew girl happened
night cold wet small parlor lakesnam villa blinds drawn fire burned brightly father son chess possessed ideas game involving radical putting king sharp unnecessary perils provoked comment white haired lady knitting placidly fire hark wind white seen fatal mistake late amiably desirous preventing son seeing listening grimly surveying board stretched hand check think tonight father hand poised board mate replied son worst living bawled white sudden violence beastly slushy places live worst pathway bog road torrent don thinking suppose houses road let think matter mind dear wife soothingly win white looked sharply intercept knowing glance mother son words died lips hid guilty grin thin gray beard herbert white gate banged loudly heavy footsteps door
things think want need change follow ideas beliefs caused land climate live helped geography geography holds geography effect lives control food eat ideas follow sailor plains farmer cut rest mountains develop mountains narrow coastal plain runs atlantic coast hundred settlers built strong colonies rivers plain begin mountains carry water atlantic ocean settlers built homes bays brought ocean deepest land rivers close sea rivers ocean highways land foot mountains west coastal plain known piedmont colonies atlantic coast longer find land moved short coastal rivers find homes moved upriver places rapids waterfalls stopped
crusaders imagined kind saw constantinople cities asia visited libraries museums places amazed manuscripts handwritten books works art saved days greeks romans met learned spoke greek read books crusaders stayed learned greek studied records europe told learning found europe heard tales told crusaders wanted greater knowledge east crusades increase study learning began italian city states spread western europe call greater interest ideas renaissance wanted study learn schools opened european cities try ideas crusades discoveries inventions turn changed ways lived invention printing press books printed learn credit making movable type printing german johann gutenberg needed deal set type printed page
north america wilderness left europe live leave homes relatives friends faced hardships dangers thousands find adventure hoped find gold thought hurry home rich england hoped fortune fur trade cared building colonies country history wanted families picture sad english farmers change country raised farmland put thousands europe paying high prices wool english landlords money raising sheep growing food crops fenced land pastures sheep tenant farmers workers told leave took care sheep fenced land thousands farm workers families towns things bad find jobs couldn find places english army navy fact thousands left army navy looking
war going americans bitter days ahead washington camped winter valley forge pennsylvania able drive english philadelphia suffered worst winter war hard difficult understand managed live winter wonder washington army wrote congress troubles valley forge washington told congress army longer help soap clothing supplies army shirt shirts camp unfit duty barefoot naked army starving washington feared break search food add difficulties problems secret happen revolution knew truth weak army didn congress send food supplies valley forge wanted power raise money support army congress levy taxes ask states needed
federalists able vote constitution states asked seventy asked congress met constitution approved added group ten amendments constitution ten amendments part constitution call bill rights promise rights rights states rights speak freely choice religion newspapers government control trial jury fear homes searched reason eleven states ratified constitution congress set date elections president congress office york chosen capital government declaration independence brought change thirteen colonies found citizens independent states laws government war freedom england continental congress spoke states ran war congress states plan government plan called articles confederation
english french began fight control north america fight began lands claimed english settlers moved ohio valley threat french french felt ohio river farms trading centers st lawrence posts mississippi thought water route blood stream brought towns orleans st louis vincennes detroit niagara english moved valley cut france french indian tribes help began drive english east appalachians english governor virginia young george washington ohio valley told french leave refused french indian war french lost war lost lands america small islands coast canada west indies wars england france ended english held canada eastern half united states english pay costs french indian war began tax colonies colonists taxes set assemblies
country place nations set government country debts pay indians danger frontier spain mississippi government handle problems clear president washington need help duties congress set jobs assist secretaries treasury war attorney general held jobs beginning group known cabinet alexander hamilton secretary treasury felt government pay country debts congress agreed raised money selling government bonds soon national bank mint country began money mint government raised money needed taxing goods coming country political parties set federalists republicans war independence states gave western lands nation opened land settlers sold governed rules set ordinances bought louisiana territory france opened movement west
jackson plan handle government money poor country suffer greatly jackson friend martin van buren york president trouble poor farmers soon paying high prices food europe business bad businessmen demanded money owed american merchants suffered bad times large numbers asked banks help found banks handled wisely money lent bought land things railroad stock repay loans frightened banks sound run banks rushed banks took money deposited banks cash hand close owned businesses money needed pay workers turn close factories shops thousands workers unable pay rent food bills full scale panic panic afraid longer think clearly affairs act think later president van buren fortunately head
wagon train settlers headed oregon california fun troubles things alike kentucky lady careful record trip west tell story move oregon family days sawyer family left louisville kentucky april took passage ohio river steamboat going st louis boat stopped grandfather sawyer farm aboard team oxen horse family spent days st louis bought supplies covered wagon called prairie schooner took small river boat missouri river independence prairie schooner reach independence river mountain showed load wagon clothes furniture supplies carry sure wagon packed things needed trail found moving streets independence choked folks rushing ants wagons creaked dogs barked children play shouted screamed deep voices called sawyers part wagon train friends ohio illinois states west hired mountain guide
crop farmers live plains soon learned need farming methods land known belts trees protect land wind trees lumber houses barns fences grassland stretched water rainfall hot summer cold winter water biggest problem water deep underground deep hand dug reach drilling machines invented farmers reach water bring ground level needed strong pumps farmers turned country inventors businessmen high winds swept plains country pump water set factories soon turning windmills windmills helped places water deep farmer afford cost windmill needed cost foot drill buy windmill average farmer lacked water places foothills rockies groups farmers bring water fields nearby streams
industries grown power machines built metal machines metal steel putting heat mixture iron carbon limestone steel costly metals tougher iron bend pressure break easily making steel iron thousand able small amount steel meant steel cost deal manufacturers saw find steel quickly expense found answers steel problem william kelly ironworker kentucky working refining batch iron steel hundreds filled furnace layers iron charcoal lighted furnace heat drive impurities iron kelly suddenly noticed happening draft hit edge molten melted metal iron burn saw air caused carbon impurities iron burn
word labor mean called employers word worker employee business small employer knows employees business large business working small business owner employees stores service stations small businesses fewer labor problems suppose worker thought piece machinery needed repair suppose wanted raise pay directly owner speak matter things let look factory owned big corporation kinds machines departments large groups workers jobs problem comes worker speak employer officers corporation spend office hire run factories plants mines managers factory running smoothly products help corporation profit business bigger ruled corporations cared money factory manager treated labor
seen tried improve lived europe americas country worked end poverty knew communist ideas spread easily lived asia poorest governments democratic parts asia controlled european nations countries school reasons easy communists asia side war ii imagine communists promised let help follow drive europe rule cried follow drive rich lands give rights countries asia listened words let communists power countries china chinese communists russian help built strong army defeated chinese government led chiang chiang large part armies leaders government escaped island formosa coast china chiang group called nationalist chinese claim true government china united states agreed protected formosa mao tung china dictator
learn schools bigger job today education important war ii schools special programs kinds pupils students advanced courses need help special books attend special classes federal governments support special programs young drop school television schools allowing master teachers reach large numbers students schools foreign language laboratories teams teachers classes teaching ideas school school boys girls attend school built thousands schools kinds equipment millions boys girls attend school buildings date books equipment fifty million boys girls attend schools colleges education costs today want federal government help pay costs late federal aid program law schools receive help especially training young jobs skilled trades worked overtime war ii meant money war ended overtime pay ended unions began seek higher wages
end book reviewing things history look tasks ahead key word understanding united states freedom key word today freedom today freedom add pass richer children country loves freedom keeps building differences live parts country united free nation understands differences bonds tie freedom able freedom pages book review problems americans worked solve remind freedoms mean speak alive remind places honor symbols country freedom book school learned kind representative government began grown making laws keeping fair carrying
runaway truck dumped load junk pete mc front yard mess pete bright daring boy thought interesting thing happen junkman threw hands air walked pete squatted heels study junk friend orville squatted book orville began pete junk yard folks orville shook head carried backyard orville book studied book studied junk looked nodded orville trouble agreed pete earn money pup tent tinker store turns sleeping orville started sign big invention going later tacked sign gate backyard fence sorted springs screens sockets sprockets straightened pipes pots cotter pins pulleys untangled wires untwisted twisted tricycle wheels hammered nails screwed screws bolted bolts fastened grommets gaskets gauges put rusty parts steam engine boiler firebox piston flywheel stack
coming home school boys girls past arena sign top bare block size building enter sport arena side wide front doors glass ticket office pictures sports stars big tennis players slamming balls net hockey players cutting spray ice skates riders sleek horses jumping fences sport week pictures changed show stars events going inside boys girls stood looking sets pictures boys especially wished sports star someday picture going front arena alec talking big going champion hockey player maybe tennis champion picture going kathy happy hop going famous ice skater sandra wear stick skirt whirl toes showed looked billy going play basketball grown don basketball player ricky ho ho alec laughed ricky hit baseball won matter basketball ricky hoping
mom unusually grumpy evening lucy decided set plates kitchen table slid forks mom turned stove steaming pot hand lucy stepped let serve supper kitchen small wasn room sit supper didn matter dad wouldn home night job morning boys ate run noisily kitchen gobble food return teeming street dennis cried mom grabbing eleven shirt steaming pot hand wash added darting look dennis younger brother christopher bonnie gently small girl lucy baby eat bonnie slid chair pulled plate mom put pot stove didn join children table room place mom lucy suddenly mom worked small factory tired tonight mom wearily ahead going stretch eat downhearted think food bonnie forkful food halfway mouth suddenly put called mother leave kitchen
trouble momolu jungle village misunderstanding soldiers liberian government marched evening village women preparing families suppers soldiers peace villagers welcomed feel friendliness spoke language momolu impressed soldiers uniforms guns noting momolu interest dressed boy uniform round red cap head momolu felt proud fine government uniform father saw flumbo hated soldiers felt evil kill didn want play son love feeling soldier enraged ripped clothes son minutes soldier combat soldiers villagers joined conflict soon riot threatened captain troops finally brought situation control ordered flumbo brought flumbo destroyed soldier uniform government property sentenced ten sacks rice jungle river large city cape roberts surrender rice government officials hard sentence ten sacks rice half crop flumbo harvest morning flumbo momulu set canoe jungle village
kumi stood quay grandfather pearl farm watching diving girls momo small sister stirred kumi wished momo grow big walk momo walked kumi diving girl hunt oysters sea talked grandfather ojii chan diving girl youngest diver fourteen grandfather young eleven ojii chan grandfather shook head momo walk teach dive taught swim learn dive oysters learn hold breath water proper length momo walk teach care small sister kumi sighed family mother sewed making kimonos visitors pearl farm father brothers worked sheds helping grandfather care momo today looked friend yukiko yukiko sheds quay watching girls kumi watch counted momo sleeping shining face dripping white shoulders pushed water arm emptied net full oysters tub
sadly kumi walked momo late afternoon grew dark cloudy walked top hill wind blew hard storm coming sea moment grandfather worked quay wind blew fresh angry force suddenly kumi saw grandfather slip water arms spread wide floats didn move swim hurried help help unwound scarf tied momo close branch rock wind grandfather leave momo surely surely listen momo safe grandfather danger dropped ground ran swiftly pushing wind clogs creaked quay tried call words blew wind foot caught move grandfather kumi kicked clogs dropped cold water grandfather foot stuck pier bamboo pole tugged pole minute struggled free foot pushed surface catch breath move pier grandfather help bamboo pole move kumi slipped water
pilar minute called father pilar pretended didn hear carefully wiped knife laid sink wiped hands towel pilar hear asked father doorway young girl turned eyes flashing anger papa cried dropping towel don call pilar father asked surprised voice don want replied pilar spanish want called polly polly asked rios pilar polly pilar cried kids united states don funny names pilar laughs hear call polly rios daughter anger troubled pilar unhappy things family moved mexico united states don talk spanish added speak english friends understand re saying laugh hear talk laugh asked rios language answered bad father wanted yes papa cried bad want friends rios shook head thing continued pilar
dolphins unbelievable wild creatures certainly smartest animals tame dolphins taught dive rings catch rubber balls roll water dolphin taught tow board girl small dog rode dolphins easy train enjoy working playing human beings learn quickly remember diver told entering saltwater tank tame dolphins held brightly colored rubber ring bravest young dolphin nodded head diver pitched ring dolphin turned smoothly shot arrow flash rubber ring nose teasing look eye young dolphin nodded diver pitched ring joined game soon diver tired throwing ring dolphin held attention shot grabbed ring daring dolphin caught swiftly diver held arms dolphin turned head diver swam dolphin dashed stopped dead finally surfaced loud laughing sound swimming diver received message longer playing dolphins dolphins toying
village dionisio farm covered lava volcano nearly thousand earlier cities italy buried cities pompeii built edge sea foot mountain mountain named vesuvius volcano erupted hundreds farmers lived vesuvius believed volcano dead erupt planted crops sides mountain vesuvius erupt pouring ashes melted rocks land miles steam falling cinders trapped homes making escape nearly impossible vesuvius stopped erupting city buried layers lava hundreds lost lives pompeii forgotten thousand stories told buried cities knew sure stories true farmer digging discovered remains pompeii city uncovered open public allowing hidden treasures past today parts italy visit dead city find streets laid large blocks stone
bud mayor stared window small airplane imagine kid grove city reindeer ranch alaska bud mother veterinarian coming met meelak eskimo owned reindeer herd weeks ago letter arrived meelak asking doctor mayor help alaskan veterinarians thought wrong meelak reindeer wanted doctor mayor check herd bud invited jumped chance alaska met eskimo tourists wait igloos re doctor mayor breaking bud happy thoughts plane circling landed dog teams snowmobiles towing sleds pulled started unloading suitcases passengers bud mother gathered belongings left plane sure cold bud wind swept face neared building eskimo rushed meet meelak cried doctor mayor shaking hands eskimo bud young bud mayor eskimo taking boy hand son glad mayors took suitcases sled meelak snowmobile took reindeer ranch meelak house warm cozy son meechek welcomed big smile
ko soon tired eating raw fish island playmates missed mother father ko homesick finally couldn smile anymore wouldn eat wanted home father mother days slowly passed grew thinner sadder pity ko told birds sadly homesick starving return family ko home birds replied try hard think ko wants home afraid punished father oldest bird flock believe ko family asked birds pitied ko wanted help ko begged teach fly let pretend give lesson high sky tell flap arms kick feet ko trying hard stay air fly circles think notice flying island
ago island pontos boy named niko set journey marketplace horse carrying huge baskets heaped high grapes niko walked remembered mother parting words beware beard meet return home journey bring fortune passed halfway mark road saw beardless coming fine young lad called beardless merry voice niko remembered mother warning word turned hurried home niko horse loaded baskets grapes set market found facing beardless road fine young lad sang beardless niko replied faintly grapes sale asked beardless yes won trade beardless mother warned trade bring fortune fine lad beardless merrily don place full beardless marketplace bearded found sell grapes give price
faraway village lived boys friends homes parts village lunaxa galwet house boys spent making arrows shoot air village grassy hill boys played liked shoot arrows hillside field nearby fine night moon shining decided climb top hill going lunaxa look moon galwet ugly looks nearly beautiful sun hush whispered galwet talk moon angry sooner galwet spoken darkness swept hillside darkness appeared rainbow formed ring boys quickly rainbow disappeared galwet left standing lunaxa seen galwet called called answer lunaxa run hill rainbow decided galwet climbed top friend high night sky galwet moon rainbow moon thought rainbow lunaxa moon
winter evening benjamin banneker sat kitchen table soon supper dishes cleared front large piece hardwood pocket watch borrowed friend ben mother pulled chair close table mend coat light candle sister minta leaned shoulder minta young woman chance look closely watch days watch clock wonderful touching watch finger holding watch carefully left hand benjamin opened case busy wheels inside asked minta surprise watch ben smiled wait till going going don worry gentleman borrowed wish put ben father sister molly soon joined members family wooden table cold wind whistled small log cabin flames fireplace room cozy warm howl wolf cry wildcat heard
raw wind blew benjamin coattail rode hill post office cold wanted pick mail letter problem solve book ordered overseas benjamin tied horse rail front general store saw andrew ellicott coming steps building ellicott walked benjamin shook hands saying inside warm favor ask led tiny office counter ben president washington plans build city country capital benjamin nodded yes wise choice asked survey land going built ben knew president washington asked help survey lay streets city andrew ellicott leaned forward excitedly consider working re joking replied ben surprised voice minute say ben benjamin smiled feel safe saying yes sure job help dreaming accepted meet important worked government president
sugar snow sugar snow pickles doughnuts sugar snow cammie sang sugar snow asked kate birthday replied cammie started singing sugar snow sugar snow pickles doughnuts sugar snow today tap trees peter sniffing air tomorrow boil sap tomorrow birthday exclaimed cammie invite mary joe mike faith betsy think sugar snow party birthday sugar kate snow peter laughed re going sugar tap trees nice warm sun today tonight miss guess freeze perfect weather sugar snow repeated kate children climbed wagon taking spouts pails lids bounced woods pace heading grove maple trees didn sugar week ago snow asked cammie tugging brother sleeve sugar snow easily choice explained peter sugar want wait till spring trees warm sap begins run running don try asked kate
awful truth hit waldo trying escape fast ran whining trying find place hide amnesia matter xerxes amnesia decided fenton amnesia questioned kerby person hit head forgets things xerxes forgotten cat forgetting cat thing kerby wake think dog guess unusual agreed fenton interesting don suppose chance cat thought dog guess wish chance kerby grumbled worriedly going happen mrs pembroke comes home xerxes barks boys stared broke broad grins think bad waldo kerby going fit keeps waldo porch demanding let ready spend rest days hiding playing mixed cat run tests sure xerxes condition fenton picked small stick called xerxes
boys hear xerxes whining moment reached front lawn easy xerxes kerby rounded side house tree basement kerby hurriedly took chemistry set hiding place chemistry set seen bit service mrs graymalkin glass tubes thrown tube left places hand tube half full pale orange liquid left hand tube small amount colorless liquid kerby fenton watched closely drops tube drops tube left stir stir stir kerby held mixture boys looked carefully let puppy biscuit kerby brush stuff feed xerxes xerxes started puppy whine ok play kerby opened door pen big cat dashing looked wagging bushy tail makes pretty puppy remarked fenton mean cat bad listening foolishness waldo sticking head edge porch barked xerxes loudly poor cat fell step trying
car rounded street corner kerby lived stop neighbors getting strange car mrs graymalkin swell idea agreed kerby sure hope mrs pembroke home mrs graymalkin car squeaked sudden stop hurry boys byes cried boys raced home stopping watch car disappeared street eyes turned straight ahead suddenly fenton cried look car parked front mrs pembroke lights raced front lawn crept alongside hedge houses saw mrs pembroke basement window xerxes stop hiding minute xerxes fell darkness side hedge mrs pembroke staring straight realized looking open window bad cat upstairs living room women settled card table waiting mrs pembroke starting basement stairs waldo pen xerxes whining barking fenton let inside house comes waldo shut starts meowing raced steps kerby closed door quietly mrs pembroke opened
night discovered singing cave brought worst storm seen part connemara buried ears featherbed drifted heavy sleep awoke mighty relieved find pale daylight window sky white milk wind shrieked louder night thought contrary bullock wondered strayed thought sleep cold flagstones floor stung feet hopped foot foot dressing door creaked opened gently knew grandfather heard bellowing wind paused kitchen lay sods turf ashes fire slipped door corner house immediately felt gripped pair giant arms trying lift ground air full strange wild scents faraway places mixed delightfully homely smells salt seaweed turf smoke spring grass thundering sea greenish gray edged white farther west cliffs spray tall waves moved cloud land
hari singh farmer lives scant mile river flows ganges village family home father grandfather generations hari singh lived family known farm india thousands families singhs land home small community blacksmiths barbers merchants dairymen weavers cobblers laborers beginning farmers settled feared wild animals roving bands thieves felt safer living help trouble believed evil spirits roamed earth harm farmers north india fears live small villages safety farms morning return night food sleep north india farming live villages phulpur means place flowers hari singh home hari singh body thin walks slowly walks tall proud coming fields night plow shoulders carry leaves farm tools night fear stolen
beautiful japanese maple tree flung shade end bench celia decided perfect place sit sketch reached top small hill climbing mountains rising higher stretching sides extended arms lay city kyoto sounds dissolved hum distance booming temple bell reached deep sound keeping place break spell days mist rain sun felt warm relaxing celia stood moment letting bathe lifted face warmth peace mountains quiet lovely place flow soft wooded greenery mountainside liquid sound bird notes capture wonderful feeling drawing picture wasn saw feeling important part picture feeling brought beheld artist felt sat bench looked picture choose scene simple beautiful twisted pine tree hillside
close winter hundred ago steep norwegian valley candle lights began twinkle clustered houses nordal village darkness cold wind swirl snow mountains stood huge ghostly base water fiord blackness streets nordal ended road nordmore mountain plodded solitary boy muffled wool cap heavy coat carried burden slung snow covered sack shoulder passing village streets trudged empty market square lighted windows nordal tavern tavern door swung open hearty sound voices glimpse fire blazing broad hearth boy turned corner tramped soft snow side tavern stopped kitchen door mittened hand pounded heavy wood door opened revealing cook ruddy light fell snowy figure boy cook cried rubbing hands white apron thought fish peddler tramp cook looked sharply boy voice changed lad night standing cold leaping fire blackened kettles hung boy let burden shoulder
names words human beings today thought names mean trace origins common names reveal amusing unusual meanings human beings lived family tribal groups small settlements earliest names guess started descriptions person describe physical characteristic distinguished find plenty examples common names rufus means red bruno means brown julia means soft hair claude claudia mean lame names comparing individual animal names animals held places honor tribal totem pole rate find ursula means bear deborah bee debbie bee mona means spanish monkey twelfth century family names began develop began europe including england population england increasing evident names johns elizabeths marys williams confusion arose
hip wo shop ten thousand profits senior uncle stepped discuss matter neighbor chang leaving hip wo unpack box rice bowls arrived morning canton hip wo unwrapped bowl held imperfections light bean oil lamp light dim panel folding shop front closed damp chill hong kong winter small lamp counter continued careful inspection bowl bowls plates stacked shelves reached ceiling making mosaic glazed beauty love months served apprentice shop ten thousand profits finished scrutiny bowls counter gentleman heel length gown dark silk stepped threshold owner shop asked moment hip wo startled speechless li brush considered finest characters south china hip wo think shop ten thousand profits hip wo hastened extend customary courtesies honored customer owns shop father brother left moment explained
eric chico dived fins eric spear gun power head chico carried kind spear gun known crossbow shot steel spear force water divers air hoses hissing reassuringly coasted wreck flutter kicking smooth landing sloping deck aqualungs face plates swim fins gave feeling power supermen planet asserting superiority sea chico swam shadowy cabin sunken ship disappeared eric waited enter stand guard case crash hit eric big hard heavy saw huge olive green blur chico swam cabin gestures asked eric didn pointed simple signal let surface talk broke surface rubber raft paddled wreck eric detached mouthpiece held raft hand asked garupa chico stretched arms show size eric fine large grouper hundred pounds big big power head care handily aqualungs functioning power head blank cartridge loaded
minute ride continued smooth main job ground informed test pilot knew saw felt thirty seconds bit reporting radio oxygen pressure fuel consumption cabin temperature mounting slowly predicted imagine future spacemen bother items scheduled communicate total seventy times fifteen minutes manage monitor total twenty major events capsule busy minute lift ride rough booster capsule passed sonic supersonic speed spacecraft started vibrating vision blurred seconds trouble seeing instrument panel engine cutoff schedule minutes twenty seconds lift abrupt happened delicate gradual dropping thrust fuel flow decreased heard roaring noise escape tower blew glad needing longer
look stars study movements heavens help noticing stars move regular orderly northern hemisphere rotate clockwise north star called polaris astronomers stars move orderly manner brightest stars sky wander aimlessly watch carefully period find order movements thousand ago ancient greeks noticed restless stars called planets greek word wanderers fanciful stories named wandering stars gods goddesses planets glow angry orange color summer sky planet named mars greeks terrible god war mars angry planet small cold dry mysterious angry argument astronomers scientists rest solar system mars stranger miles earth close powerful telescopes give astronomers look celestial neighbor planet close easy shouldn arguments mars
teens babe didrikson knew exactly wanted grew goal greatest athlete lived suppose born urge sports ability pretty babe family athletic ability baseball team ole hannah didrikson children babe christened mildred ella youngest born texas parents settled coming country norway ole didrikson cabinetmaker furniture refinisher couldn afford give children luxuries firm believer healthy exercise built gymnasium yard pieces steel pipe odds ends family athletic thing babe set brothers sisters fiercely competitive played game played win wanted athlete meant remarked urge things urge things motivated babe area
knights round table gathered hall camelot feast king arthur king custom sit dine holiday heard interesting tale unusual adventure offered cold winter sunlight streamed narrow windows rushes strewn stone floor warmth knights shields hung walls decoration served identify owner dressed battle armor banners stirred wintry drafts fire blazed hearth shivering pages ran lighting tapers silver sconces early winter darkness suddenly king arthur lifted head sharply heard horn distance sir gawain favorite nephew heard stopped idle gallant chatter lady listen company hear horns blowing high pitched shrill knew ordinary horns casements shook flames candles trembled knights sprang seize swords shields doors hall burst open pushed violent hands gust icy wind strange figure entered giant knight horseback dressed green armor head toe plumes splendid trappings mighty horse green
ago water carrier named peregil alhambra dawn short bowed legs broad filled huge earthen jars water strapped donkey trudged streets granada crying musical voice wants water water colder snow served customer sparkling glass water peregil pleasant word say smile give known happiest nicest granada beneath humor peregil cares large family ragged children support wife help marriage village beauty dancing snapping castanets taking care house slept spent peregil hard earned money gay clothing donkey outings fiestas saints days spain numerous days week gossip spend hours houses talkative neighbors peregil questioned wife loved children sunset able buy extra treat sunday late hour summer night water carriers home customers water
shrill blast police whistle roused sleeping village break dubu boys straggling shelters rubbing sleep eyes wanted serve carriers taubadas knew hard dangerous inland trail aware run refuge bush samarai families contented tobacco rice issued government pocketed wage fifteen shillings month noisy authority backed rifle butt sergeant jigori prodded sluggards shouted sons think lie sleeping taubada think government pays hundred dubus lined inspection stood fellows size demeanor tall powerfully built slouched sullen ease chin lowered eyes truculent fellow demanded chief kaiva strength samarai replied devil dwells choose kaiva taubada trouble trail reluctant relinquish powerful carrier patrol officer asked mean devil makes mischief answer
afternoon able send jigori companions relief father safe arrival brought chad realization deep quiet bond existed papuan constable son point river shallowed progress rapids impossible camp party start foot rain forest vicinity camp jigori discovered faint hunting tracks country eye peeled chad thrilled words actually edge rain forest believe tracks demanded heart skipped beat nodded don forget shoot arrows quickly re clever ambush spear pit tethered snake tethered snake favorite tricks declared tie cord death adder tail stake path snake ordinarily run enraged attacks comes eyes open wits rain forest order discourage carriers tempted desert point return village downriver patrol officer ordered canoes destroyed
late afternoon crossed numerous small tributaries lakemanu river sergeant jigori ahead scout excitement footprint show mud exclaimed jigori swept curtain brush pointed ahead chad caught breath directly path cleft stick driven deeply ground cleft broken human bone tied scrap freshly cooked pork swarmed ants boy glanced wide eyed mean quavered village ahead natives want persist suggest killed eaten chad knees turned water ahead don answer replied country turned warning gave command set party motion carriers shied sorcery sign passed wide curve visibly uneasy held carbines ready challenge advance chad scary feeling trees filled concealed figures eyes watching movement imprint naked feet muddy trail savages passed recently
toby ben climbed high seat monkey wagon minutes later ben team moving slowly dusty road line circus wagons ben team today toby told ben happened told candy unkindness mrs treat present toby ended story saying mrs treat doughnuts gave stubbs gave doughnut stubbs fellow cart ben chuckled asked stubbs don real toby answer call stubbs looks boy knew home mind call stubbs ben looked toby minute acting wanted laugh patted head funniest fish saw days think monkey knows say toby determination say knows tell
big game tigers telling ball game boy knew fellow trying fool speck johnny game championship game johnny felt queer empty inside sure bad luck skinny loudly hank sick fred hurt coach real champions overcome bad luck johnny quietly skinny scowled feel fred line aw johnny pudge fielded chance monday skinny nodded yes caught easy fly throw speck johnny remembered monday wild throw felt weak sick pounded fist glove snap couldn disgrace hank uniform infield practice speck tossed roller johnny fielded threw carefully throw straight true speck glove johnny felt easier throw ball speck cried stuff johnny nice hear worry speck voice snap johnny told angrily speck pudge jerry pulling johnny knew rest team felt shaky coach started bat grounders infielders
terry sailed bluebird harbor nosed boat wide beamed fishing boats sailboats summer hi bluebird called reading lettering painted carefully boat fun terry nodded smiled terry sailed boat side harbor smart breeze sail full bluebird flew water going places store called wiped red hands apron sure thing answered terry terry thinking adventure real adventure terry farther farther salt ponds sailed bluebird fishermen houses nets hung dry sight sailed past windmill point waved woman children turned summer house terry didn find adventure find complained uncle silas summer young comforted uncle find adventure expect asked terry hopefully guess sail find gulls sand bar past windmill mary gave bag scraps uncle took pipe mouth started say
summer john muir left trip alaska trip discovered glacier named muir glacier wanted study surrounding countryside carefully boat landed alaska saw friend young pick mail ready muir shouted surprised friend boat let soon ready trip trip muir remember dog named stickeen boat ready indians hired guides soon young appeared black dog young stepped aboard dog jumped curled coat helpless animal muir complained trip easy small dog stickeen won trouble young answered wonder dog stand cold hunger bear swims fish wise clever stopped couldn think nice things say stickeen lay wagging tail dog muir studied small boat moved water kind dog odd mixture wavy black coat fine tail curled nose
western plains stretched forever distance sun burned fiercely dust blew endless circles wooden wheels covered wagon bumped wagon gretchen rocked tiredly team horses moved slowly prairie miles miles uninteresting countryside girl stand gretchen rested chin hands folded arms raised arms head swung hard brought rest lap leaned forward ma pa called ride pack mare father turned head keeping loose hold reins gretchen mare carrying sacks corn meal pa heavy joseph mother think afraid fall nonsense betty tie legs sacks mare gentle gretchen won hurt father stopped team waved gretchen climb wagon lifted mare tied tightly pack started mare keeping pace wagon team
homer brown late home hour ago warm spring boys played ball dark hurry order home farm chores going bed hurriedly walked main street street town brown farm lay outskirts town homer walked highway road skirted deeply wooded area lay town homer farm tonight boy decided short cut quickened pace neared dark trees rushed woods soon found going slower narrow path follow lighted rays pale moonlight found leaves path led cemetery middle woods carefully picked rocks pushed low hanging branches neared cemetery turned collar tried walk faster scary stories told boys school area homer didn believe couldn help looking shoulder soon reached tombstones
louis braille felt warm sun face breathed deeply air full sweet smell flowers nice country thought turned slowly felt stone steps sniffed familiar smell leather sighing sat doorway father harness shop footsteps sounded ah louis spend summer boy raised face father voice thinking father thinking replied think school yes father louis answered listening thinking main things remember teacher tells books read father sat tell louis teach blind boys read hour louis history school teaching methods louis blind children school school sightless france children rich afford braille saved money send son known school louis told father school idea named hauy hauy upset sight blind begging streets
amelia bedelia list list says mrs rogers mrs rogers car rogers drove nice folks going working amelia bedelia amelia bedelia inside grand house rich folks stand looking list things amelia bedelia stood minute longer think surprise lemon pie pies amelia bedelia kitchen put bowl mixed rolled soon pie ready oven amelia bedelia let list says amelia bedelia read change towels green bathroom amelia bedelia found green bathroom towels nice change thought amelia bedelia remembered mrs rogers list told amelia bedelia amelia bedelia scissors cut changed towels amelia bedelia looked list dust furniture hear tell silly thing house undust furniture
bobby grant ran breakers flopped breathlessly warm florida sand cousin tom boy re lucky live tom swimming sure lots lakes minnesota don cousin asked true swim march want turn iceberg glad family decided visit spring vacation wait home sees tan tan tan tom began bury bobby legs sand ha bobby laughed florida crowded vacationers tom bobby part beach private homes strip belonged bobby uncle tom dad moved florida family tom found area interesting beach front house sandy full unusual shells pieces driftwood bits wreckage ships tom begun collection odds ends found surprises pieces driftwood interesting shape tom help dad base lamp tom room
joe frost drive cab boston vacation wanted escape city noises traffic jams visit ghost towns arrived gold gulch yesterday gold gulch lively town left mine petered stream dried hunting hills set early morning managed bird shot landed base hill stooped noticed bird lying newspaper picked bird took cabin minutes ago took look paper looked press evening sun date thought joke read story bottom page sure words strange going tell story words sun shining brightly air warm page young felt restless decided explore countryside gem ground effect machine climbed machine turned engine started lift fan
katie leaned school wall hard getting bunch re newcomer small town girls friendly known grade memories jokes katie john outsider thank luck sue friend wish notice sue school today cold biggest class muttered felt cold sad cry bell rang katie school building children morning passed usual recess teacher announcement needed children help sell tickets ballet reward class sold tickets movie projector actually movie projector belong school system stay class sold tickets katie john excited thought seeing ballet troupe dance folks ballet recess talking contest sixth grade win think re big room north side school north side wins stuff
lines globe run east west called lines latitude lines form circles run direction equator meet called parallels lines measure north south equator places lines globe run north south called lines longitude lines form half circles north pole south pole called meridians prime meridian line numbered lines longitude measure east west prime meridian places lines latitude numbered north south equator lines longitude numbered east west prime meridian look picture page notice lines globe cross makes find places letter point degrees divided minutes mark number stands word minutes minutes degree latitude place kind climate place places equator generally hot receive direct rays sun longer amount places earth look picture page line line marks northernmost places earth receive direct rays sun line
ideal view earth features means globe globes shaped earth globes handled easily books give complete view earth depend deal maps learn unlike globes maps give true picture earth curved surface flattened stretching tearing places land bodies water bodies maps large small look map page show width lines helps locate major trade routes routes greatest amount trade wider lines trade routes connect places live think find distance scale map page shows relation distance map real distance represented earth surface think important miles kilometers represented inch centimeter map map key tells symbols map stand color symbol land map page land lies equator
thousands ago earth today times earth cold large amount snow fell snow deep packed turned ice snowball discovered ice snow times large amount snow ice earth called ice ages ice ages ice age began ago ice thick snow ice believed feet meters thick places weight ice caused flow outward earth surface glaciers glaciers large sheets ice move slowly part surface earth picture page shows glacier think find glaciers today ice sheets larger smaller depending warm cold earth climate ago ice age ended think weather warmer think ice melted water level oceans rose land covered water land free ice water suppose ice free land important wild animals early
peace pax romana helped business trade empire grow money issued roman government accepted empire think helped easy buy sell goods lands ruled rome grain egypt north africa farm goods gaul parts europe tin silver iron mines spain gaul britain goods perfumes spices jewelry india china romans built network roads connect parts empire roads easy move goods travel empire romans postal service connecting rome parts empire number lived pax romana rich lived growing cities empire fine houses marble walls fountains courtyards hand poor empire lived farms lived crowded buildings cities roman cities large buildings public entertainment buildings amphitheaters round buildings open space rising rows seats coliseum rome shown picture page building
fighting arabs ended muslim rule arabs peace government think unity helped bring economic muslim empire major took place farming caliphs paid canals irrigation projects farm desert lands muslim farmers learned ways farming grow larger crops soon large crops grain wheat grown lands dry growing crops crops feed muslim empire economic took place empire grew cities countries muslims ruled kinds goods baghdad known glassware silks goods beautiful carpets metalwork parts muslim empire goods empire countries trade important part muslim economy think desire muslim goods helped economy grow think growth changed arabia start muslim empire large numbers arabs learning respect learning culture muslims defeated tried learn subjects
decline roman empire changed political relationships economic law order broke trade western europe suppose trade standstill western europe happened left towns cities living farming small landowners gave land large landowners return protection manorialism economic system based land service basic unit manorialism manor manor lands lord manors small large included villages peasants manor lived manor largely sufficient means lived worked fill needs grew food clothing tools traded manor things salt iron part traded think exchange ideas middle ages land manors divided fields field planted spring fall field left fallow planted soil wearing
highly advanced early civilizations middle america maya indians look map page present countries land ruled maya maya civilization height maya grew numbers nearly million known kind government maya believed land maya divided city states city ruled maya farmers major crop corn grew beans hot peppers sweet potatoes tobacco fruits maya middle america farming provide food large numbers settle place think helped maya develop civilization maya farmers able grow food things farm spent building temple centers cities centers worship business culture pleasure look picture page huge stone pyramid temple top built maya maya built buildings centers live centers lived small towns villages nearby
small group indians moved high mountain region western coast south america indians incas incas conquered neighboring peoples brought million rule largest group indians americas look map page shows greatest extent inca empire present south american countries land part inca empire inca capital cuzco city built honor inca sun god inca emperor lived incas believed emperor descended sun god inca empire forced worship sun god think emperor power think important inca empire powerful ruler forced honor inca sun god inca rule speak inca language think order empire think inca rule worked empire paid taxes working government grew crops government built huge network roads bridges canals mined copper tin silver gold
western europe affected change thinking began italy places northern italy known city states city consisted large city governed land city states small countries look map page find florence venice milan genoa notice city states located trade routes western europe middle east city states grew power wealth controlled trade middle east europe trade brought ideas city states think city states powerful wealthy families city important families rich controlling trade banking city controlled government city think important rich families wanted city beautiful known proud city spent money pay artists writers live city today show proud city live important city states florence florence northern italy home rich family named medici family grown rich powerful control banking florence
southeastern part europe land known balkans word balkan turkish word meaning mountain picture page help show balkans received course centuries groups lived balkans group lived part balkans group language customs members group balkan think led feel loyalty group parts europe asia entered balkans fought land balkans hoped control trade europe asia parts balkans rule balkans balkan strong feelings loyalty group asia called ottoman turks began control balkans ottomans ruled sultan government centered constantinople middle ottoman empire gained land europe asia africa large part land mediterranean sea map page shows mediterranean area think ottomans able control trade black sea mediterranean sea
french revolution led government france french unhappy government french government handle problems france faced prices rose fell sharply change tax system led higher taxes especially poor fighting france european countries continued napoleon bonaparte successful french generals fighting think napoleon liked france napoleon able weak french government set government napoleon leader napoleon emperor france napoleon brought order france began reform napoleon saw chosen government jobs based abilities started national bank improved schools napoleon gave france set laws known napoleonic code set laws combined french laws ideas freedom equality napoleon reforms improved government france think french developed loyalty napoleon napoleon wanted french empire larger bringing europe rule napoleon general trained soldiers
european countries today exist early instance countries italy germany small kingdoms states kingdom government army powerful empires able gain control places think happened italy germany countries happened unification forming single country states things generally happen unification place feelings nationalism want form country strong leaders needed charge leaders needed military power order rid foreign control think nationalism thing needed happening parts europe ideas nationalism important uprisings took place italian states wanted constitutions give greater voice government austrian armies put italian uprisings leaders favored italian unification knew end austrian power italy count camillo di cavour pictured lower left page chief government official sardinia italian kingdom constitution citizens vote cavour worked sardinia stronger worked gain friendship britain france
republic china known mainland china communist rule communists directed parts lives called loyalty government headed ruler selected communist party continued hold real power mainland china leader chinese communist party death mao tung upset favor government mao started cultural revolution silence red guards groups students true mao marched china spread teachings mao put pictures mao read red book attacked ideas ways destroyed buildings books artworks clothing suppose destroyed things red guards caused troubled times china caused schools close caused slowdown making goods late order brought china government china settled china improve relations countries republic china finally allowed join united nations un relations mainland china united states improved picture page shows president nixon visiting chou en chinese leader
democratic government japan hands leaders political party leaders helped improve japan economy japanese helped japan leader lack strong party system led problems japan ruling party power members winning elections party members fought power party think affected government japan members ruling party believed means help party gain power strongly believed demonstrations pictured page demonstrations public showing group feels person japan began face number major problems pollution overcrowded trains need fuel need housing problems caused ruling party begin lose power think happened japan united states signed treaty treaty allowed united states military bases japan thousands japan favor treaty suppose
european imperialism africa continued decline number reasons happened feeling countries government strongly felt african began demand rule european countries ruled africa longer strong effectively fifty independent african countries countries granted freedom cases freedom peacefully cases look map page countries independent countries gained freedom countries gained freedom parts africa rule countries countries africa faced problems major problems need nationalism country africans felt loyalty tribe country tribes lived country cases boundary lines divided tribe members live countries think things caused lack nationalism countries major problem african countries face weak governments african countries republics political party
happened america thousands ago announcer reed entered living room son friend watching television dad exclaimed jim thousands ago america indians reed program tell america americans asia replied bill showed map close asia north america narrow water strait separates bering strait lies continents sixty miles wide point early didn write didn leave written records jim program saw tools weapons saw bones bones wild animals lived studied bones weapons early americans hunters fishermen bill clubs spears kill wild animals roaming forests animal skins clothing flesh animals food ate fruit nuts roots berries knew fire drilling stick wood rough stone tools reed took story early america
important difference north south america climate kind weather place called climate climate means rain hot cold short summers winters winds latitude place helps explain climate latitude distance north south equator places north equator north latitude places south equator south latitude places equator latitude places farthest equator poles pole latitude highest coldest latitude find north pole south pole maps page notice lines running equator poles lines parallels latitude tell place north south equator special parallels equator find tropic cancer tropic capricorn map page find arctic circle antarctic circle latitude place tell climate farther place equator higher degrees latitude colder notice map tropic cancer north equator tropic capricorn south equator
search sea route east exciting sailed east south brave explorer sailed west atlantic ocean christopher columbus pretend neared land night october gloomy night captain columbus pacing deck santa maria months ships sailing unknown ocean food running low sailors frightened reach land soon fears seize ships turn captain eyes search western horizon suddenly starts light distance captain columbus calls faint glow darkness surely light coming land hard voyage says christopher columbus tomorrow set foot land columbus sends bunks remains deck pilot happy sleep ship sail west reach east exclaims laughed believing tomorrow find king land return spain products asia memory returns struggle goes important events recalls childhood genoa italy days genoa trading center
group led william penn met plan city called philadelphia later group met met replan city philadelphia changed deal change worse narrow streets jammed automobile traffic longer city shop large areas run slum neighborhoods give philadelphia face cities problems philadelphia problems streets widened travel city easier slum neighborhoods marked rebuilt according special plan rebuilding according plan keeping city early history philadelphia plan called tearing buildings putting buildings left standing restored buildings carefully designed look place philadelphia neighborhoods cities rebuilt differently philadelphia proud city capital pennsylvania colony declaration independence signed constitution written philadelphia city nation capital reason philadelphia early importance location maps pages find rivers city
read pilgrims puritans quakers america find freedom religion english catholics unhappy english king room england member king church wealthy george calvert lord baltimore catholic catholics friend knew king wanted help lord baltimore member london company colonies america getting thought build colony catholics welcome king idea king charles liked friends build colonies build england power cost gave george calvert charter ten million acres land north virginia colony called maryland honor queen mary charter calvert owner ruler maryland coin money collect taxes set courts laws consent colonists return king asked indian arrows gold silver colonists find george calvert died plans ready king gave charter calvert son cecil cecil calvert brother leonard stay england look interests colony
large plantations covered atlantic coastal plain maryland georgia towns bays mouths wide rivers ships europe especially england brought goods produced colonies england scotland ireland germany arrived room coast settlers moved piedmont found farm land west appalachian highland mountains formed wall settlements land hunters trappers cross wall land west mountains covered forests reported woods full wild fowl animals fine furs brought packs furs prove land companies interested bought large tracts land government surveyors told rich grass soil wide rivers land companies offered pioneers large sections low prices northern farmers southern farmers interested pioneers packed belongings mules horses covered wagons started women children rode household goods older boys walked guns dogs drove cattle sheep pigs pioneers moving westward high ridges appalachian highland hard cross pioneers found natural routes west shown page
farmers saw foolish depend crop living began raise crops rotate recent southern farmers farming grow cotton tobacco raise kinds grains fruits vegetables market farm animals poultry raise feed crop bring price variety food eat milk drink improved health farm families south crops animals raise mixed farms help build worn soil soybeans put plant food soil cotton tobacco livestock help fertilize soil animal manure makes fertilizer chemical fertilizers plants peas beans grow pods called legumes legumes grown farms south important legume soybean soybeans brought china found soybeans industry ground flour cakes bread soybean oil making variety paints varnishes plastics peanuts legumes pods grow ripen underground low sandy coastal plain southeastern virginia north carolina fine growing peanuts
birmingham alabama chief manufacturing center southern appalachian area birmingham neighboring cities form large industrial region region mining quarrying coking smelting making steel manufacturing iron steel goods chattanooga knoxville eastern tennessee manufacture heavy machinery smaller articles cities produce cotton goods wheeling west virginia charleston capital west virginia railroad centers river ports appalachian plateau coal oil found manufacture products oil iron steel charleston noted making chemicals industrial cities piedmont market towns turned manufacturing close raw materials water power richmond virginia oldest manufacturing cities south cigarette making richmond important industry factories cotton goods rayon paper winston salem durham north carolina lead tobacco products greensboro north carolina started making tobacco products today cotton textile center charlotte largest city north carolina center group busy towns specialize cotton textiles rayon knitted goods columbia capital south carolina makes textiles fertilizers high point north carolina southern cities manufacture furniture large scale louisville kentucky memphis tennessee river ports market centers early times
pioneers traveled westward foot horseback wagon boat find place live wanted settle villages towns looked farms farmers settled river stream fine crops grown rich level land river valley river travel farmers chose spot large trees grew thought soil fertile trees grew trees furnished wood building houses fences supplied fuel fireplace settlers happy found grassy meadow open place forest crops planted trouble land cleared trees bushes clearing land hard pioneers girdled cut strip bark trees girdling killed trees let sunlight dead trees cut later food shelter things settlers needed shelter log hut walls side hut open roof sloped ground log huts sheltered pioneers build home soon planted small patch corn corn needs care growing ripe picked corn pioneers crop
states texas louisiana oklahoma produce thirds nation oil texas ranks oil producing states alaska pipeline starts producing oil texas move place louisiana ranks oklahoma fourth oil produced united states california oil discovered water coasts texas louisiana oil wells drilled petroleum crude oil called black gold explain imagine living automobile airplane machines products petroleum petroleum gasoline kerosene fuel oils lubricating smoothing oils products natural gas found petroleum texas states production natural gas louisiana ranks natural gas fuel leaves dirt easy petroleum products live comfortably petroleum found deep earth thousands ago plants animals buried mud sand pressed layers sand rock decayed decayed matter formed oil natural gas early settlers north america found oil drilling digging salt oil
cattle grazed large area pasture land southeast houston texas grazing longer area chosen place build nation lyndon johnson space center control center vehicles carrying humans space houston direct entire nation send human moon today cattle grazed develop test space vehicles astronauts humans walk moon trained space center control center charge space flight launch splash space flights launched cape canaveral florida flights controlled houston houston chosen america space city booming population center city largest manufacturing center south central states past city leading cotton markets founded houston began trading center cotton farmers cattle ranchers remember important history texas think houston named think city official seal adopted shortly houston founded shows plow locomotive early oil discovered texas railroad cars adequate shipping farm products shipping oil
denver worried transcontinental railroad finished trains coast coast railroad southern wyoming denver colorado denver today important trade center worry denver ghost town transcontinental railroad bypassed city ghost town built railroad line north join transcontinental railroad wyoming railroads leading denver built today city ships goods truck air rail denver serves trade center regions city gateway rocky mountain region serves plains region east rockies remember plains region called find denver map page city located mountain gateway plains center goods denver supplies nearby areas manufactured parts nation machinery goods denver factories turn map page look eastern edge colorado ways living plains region east denver kind machinery think denver factories deliver region denver stockyards food processing plants
colombia venezuela neighbors northern south america tropics share natural regions colombia large texas oklahoma mexico put venezuela large texas oklahoma louisiana venezuela forward looking country progress colombia country south america touches pacific atlantic tropical lowlands lie coasts stretch inland magdalena river ranges andes mountains extend colombia towering snow capped ranges separated valleys colombia shares andean ranges neighbor venezuela hot maracaibo lowland venezuela surrounded range llanos grassy plains stretch andes orinoco river venezuela colombia venezuela share llanos thousands cattle graze oil wells drilled south llanos venezuela guiana highlands map page shows countries share highlands venezuela highland region called guayana region rich minerals mountains iron ore mined rivers provide water power electricity region major center industry city called ciudad guayana built orinoco river steel mills nearby part region iron ore part exported
parana uruguay paraguay rivers unite form plata river system river system smaller amazon important transportation rivers unite form empty estuary arm sea called rio de la plata argentina uruguay paraguay share land rivers find rivers estuary la plata countries map page magellan stopped estuary sebastian cabot explored thought river named rio de la plata means river silver indians told silver found shores spaniards found silver pedro de mendoza settlement mouth plata river indians burned village settlers escaped fled paraguay river built asuncion town paraguay fifty later asuncion built buenos aires permanent settlement argentina families buenos aires built montevideo uruguay colonial days colonies ruled governor argentina republic troubled quarrelled fought finally settled fifty nation prospered argentina richest latin american nation juan peron president dictator argentina started industries took foreign owned businesses overthrown miliary
northern part brazilian highlands desert brazil northeast corner land thinly covered coarse bunch grass dwarfed twisted trees rain falls torrents december rain falls plants animals birds die move starve spite lack water grass cattle goats raised northern highlands animals provide meat milk cheese eat skins hides export water brought rio sao francisco irrigation irrigated areas cotton sugar cane vegetables fruits grow carnauba wax babassu oil valuable products dry area leaves carnauba palm coated special wax making floor furniture polish motion picture films phonograph records oil babassu nut soap margarine cooking oil products brazil dry northeast support poverty found part nation south natal highlands receive forty eighty inches rain heavy rain growing season sugar cane cotton cacao bananas tropical crops huge sugar fazendas coastal plain cotton raised area supplies brazilian mills
europe continent east united states atlantic ocean countries europe speak languages customs europeans america settlers nearly hundred ago arrived copper skinned call indians lived america indians lived parts north south america european nations including spain england france started colonies america colonies later joined united states later millions europeans live united states england ireland germany italy russia european countries started america millions european immigrants united states spoke languages dressed ways customs europeans wanted land wanted jobs land hard europe united states plenty farmland bought cheaply jobs mines factories offices united states europeans united states search religious freedom wanted worship god countries europe europeans freedom democracy wanted freedom speech press democracy meant vote leaders ruled kings dictators
immigrants children contributions america left foreign lands united states start opportunity chance gain education helped rise greatness albert sabin born poland bright boy chances school parents decided united states albert fifteen united states albert study doctor albert sabin special kind doctor studied ways preventing diseases especially polio disease paralysis lead death called infantile paralysis affected thousands young albert sabin set study conquer deadly disease albert sabin parents america boy named jonas salk growing country salk family left poland america jonas born family poor jonas school student study doctor albert sabin jonas decided try find preventing polio salk young college president united states franklin roosevelt roosevelt struck disease ten earlier left paralyzed legs
mariners sailors determine location oceans finding latitude longitude sextant shown page find latitude sextant shows degrees north equator south equator located instrument called marine chronometer find longitude chronometer special clock compares place ship located prime meridian knowing difference sailor find degrees east west prime meridian located latitude longitude important locating ships high seas car needs help phone garage give location street anderson place streets oceans latitude longitude place streets ship needs help give location latitude longitude look continents shown map north america south america joined narrow strip land southern boundary panama boundary north south america look continents asia largest australia smallest asia europe separated natural barriers places ural mountains separates east south europe separated asia caucasus mountains
england claim land based claim voyage john cabot cabot italian real giovanni caboto sailed explorer england landed newfoundland england settlement america settlement jamestown virginia english settlers america hoped find gold silver furs found find rich farmland early settlers farmers joined later english explored settled lands atlantic coast north america colonies started included plymouth massachusetts bay rhode island pennsylvania maryland georgia english captured amsterdam colony dutch started renamed york english england claimed area hudson bay canada map shows lands english explored settled america spain found rich treasure england hoped find soon learned colonies gold silver riches english settlers found farmland thick forests fishing waters english colonies living rich quick farmers lumbermen fishermen merchants worked living english colony colonies stretched thousand miles north south atlantic coastline
result war england main colonial power north america powerful country england power brought problems war costly left english treasury nearly empty war brought english colonies america war american colonists prided englishmen living america ruled english law protected rights englishmen included rights free speech trial jury american colonists paid taxes england war fair colonists depended england protection hostile french indians taxes helped pay protection enemies war england needed money badly taxes introduced england colonies american colonists pay colonists want pay taxes felt paid share war cost fighting france defeated longer needed england protection colonists thought americans englishmen felt rule meant wanted governed americans englishmen thousand miles pontiac famous leader ottawa indians born
fighting lexington concord shock members continental congress meeting philadelphia april decide plan action guns part plans delegates congress wanted help massachusetts wanted send troops colony felt useless try force armed trained english soldiers decided congress delegates tall red haired lawyer virginia named patrick henry believed strongly rule colonies speeches virginia assembly warned king george rulers removed past pointed happen king listen colonial protests speech nearly led patrick henry arrest charge treason ready fiery speech remembered delegates quiet patrick henry declared called action words cheered wildly war let brothers field stand idle dear peace sweet bought price liberty course give liberty give death
constitution written united states today united states changed ways size automobiles jet airplanes radio television telephones electricity atomic energy railroads space ships inventions occurred united states country governed constitution constitution useless fashioned answer changed ways change result written additions amendments twenty written additions amendments constitution amendment approved thirds vote houses congress approved fourths states cases federal courts supreme court cases arise laws passed congress courts deciding cases examine laws proper constitutional decisions federal courts especially supreme court part unwritten constitution united states part unwritten constitution results customs developed
words written tombstone thomas jefferson wrote died strange mention president united states jefferson felt things listed ways achievement elected president thomas jefferson unusual lawyer scientist diplomat farmer architect inventor statesman lot skilled horseman musician jefferson architect designed home virginia called monticello stands today thousands americans visit young thomas jefferson wrote declaration independence declared created equal liberty pursuit happiness wrote statute virginia religious freedom law put end taxes virginians pay support church belong helped church support voluntary forced statute victory religious freedom jefferson strong believer importance education felt education knowledge overcome superstition prejudice reason felt helping found university virginia important president united states
imagine living writing books newspapers letters write blackboards communicate pass ideas speaking sign language ways writing pictures picture words egyptians thousand ago form picture writing china suppose alphabet system picture writing communicate alphabet makes easier communicate problem communicate troubled indian ago indian sequoya member cherokee tribe southeastern part united states sequoya think problems crippled leg spent craftsman silversmith sequoya lame forty helped americans war sequoya noticed americans wrote messages paper read wondered mystery talking leaves indians called paper sequoya wondered learn talking leaves idea finding cherokee read write sequoya cherokees system writing alphabet
william du bois born barrington massachusetts grew england knowing problems black changed south college devoted helping black du bois brilliant student later studied harvard college earned doctor philosophy degree study african slave trade wrote read today students history study travel europe young dr du bois returned america taught atlanta university college blacks georgia center stormy discussion wrote article urging black fight rights daring thing say du bois stop organized niagara movement group pledged fight full civil rights black niagara movement active group white liberals joined blacks set organization called national association advancement colored organized help black gain full rights citizenship dr du bois organization directors charge paper called crisis fifty dr du bois leader fight justice black
philip randolph explained believed action marches picketing touch arrest attention powerful public officials street randolph practiced preached born florida spent educating twenty leader black founded newspaper messenger articles paper spoke america entering war randolph arrested actions stop speaking randolph convinced black join unions improve pay scale win working conditions organized black brotherhood pullman car porters union won higher pay shorter week conditions thousand black workers remained active union vice president national labor organization randolph chief fighting job discrimination united states entered war ii organized march washington purpose end job discrimination part proposed march president franklin roosevelt asked randolph call march refused president agreed issue special executive order ended discrimination war industries promised end segregation armed forces
marty ran stairs past dentist office smelled father hospital past fresh paint smell kid lived past garlic smell italians waited open door threw schoolbooks top newspapers piled sewing machine hall drank glass milk times tell gulp going stop gulping smack face set empty glass sink faucet changed brown keds put trees school shoes times talk god heaven learn care clothes follow ran downstairs past garlic paint hospital smells street looked breathlessly late fellows ready game waiting eddie deakes finish chalking base curb running street marty game start minute gutter paulie dahler tossing high ray ray stickerling father bus driver gave fellows transfers ride free
circus manager worried attendances falling children sat listlessly munching sweets sucking ices talking glancing show young girls ponies betrayed real interest clowns jokes fell flat kind jokes raise laugh critical date sense humor changed things circus manager heard word corny flung didn want opinion sillier pointless jokes bull eye target humor outer miss brought element futility laughed unintentional joke joker clowns quick patter didn sense nonsense date audience articulateness talk gibberish change style find laugh manager fifty making jokes fashioned kind word sophisticated
awful cold hit lick ribs elbow boy fix fire stars frosty sky wind whistling round corners tent fire flicker mite black background swamp mister howard snoring side pine needle canvas bed remember mustache riffling marsh grass wind tom pete tent hear breeds snores squeaky sounded bull caught bob wire fence crawled shivering jumped hunting boots owned slept fire simmered gray ash swirling loose morning breeze kicked ashes put couple lightwood knots top chunk glowing coal dragged live oak logs top lightwood minute tiny teeth flame opened wide eat oak minutes blaze going practically pretty soon saw fire dancing woke mister howard reached pipe boots tom pete coming tent digging knuckles sleepy eyes
guy broken heart eat sixteen hours foresworn food women similar pursuits danton corner drugstore devoured crushed pineapple sundae peanut butter sandwiches double chocolate malted package cookies drugstore saw girl sharp sitting sharp sharper walked valley sorrow danton noted parts trot paid check left walk heading north degrees direction planned anyway wished stride free couldn overtake block hello going intended dumb crack gave chance say think equally devastating didn say merely turned head waved lashes continued determinedly course lost danton ventured tell lived bored guard margaret actually say climate town terribly aging walk didn waver beginning feel ridiculous left field residence field residence field bought
night act slate brother night club hollywood racing mechanic wonderful englishman named joe thrall audience wanted introduce dramatic manner wanted say automobile racing depend things god mechanic introduce joe turned automobile racing depend things god moment room piped lance reventlow course scream audience sure crumbed big dramatic scene automobile racing place happy home case helped ease pain started racing sports cars seen race think changed mind race torrey pines course san diego california torrey pines wasn kind course beginner fact dangerous racecourses country killed racing electrician fixing communications system alongside track run wild motorcycle motorcycle races girl jello ed car cement wall turn women race
creating poetry music earliest pastimes point history combined giving double enjoyment words today songs called lyrics lyrics verse poetry form fact songs result setting poems music songwriters argue music words thing agree song remains popular tune lyrics lesson going examine lyrics words songs watch examples lyrics communicate poetry melody read write songs songs passed orally generation generation place place traveled worked danced fought songs originated common folk called folk songs words melodies folk songs change slightly reflect lives sing language songs simple forceful depicts hopes fears joys sorrows humor singers recent folk songs collected recorded songs died sang today folk songs popular america young enjoy words music past generations places
true nervous dreadfully nervous say mad disease sharpened senses destroyed dulled sense hearing acute heard things heaven earth heard things hell mad hearken observe healthily calmly tell story impossible say idea entered brain conceived haunted night object passion loved wronged insult gold desire think eye yes eyes resembled vulture pale blue eye film fell blood ran cold degrees gradually mind rid eye forever point fancy mad madmen seen seen wisely proceeded dissimulation kinder week killed night midnight turned latch door opened gently
boy met camp taking things suitcase walked cabin started talking knowing shook hands don think shaken hands age minded surprised find place put duffel bag give hand michael michael egerton taller june sort suntan leave hair white summer knew couldn twelve wouldn twelve february twelve senior cabins hill face bones eyes showed skin introduced father didn look alike father newspaperman suitcase unpacking stickers rome paris london bombay father going europe soon report army michael settled camp eye mike france try send
spent wrote words lived standard centuries lived ten leonardo da addition painters golden age painting multiple genius science modern born amid advantages technology morning today call renaissance understood foresaw invented science spent finding da profound discoveries remained undiscovered notebooks recently compiled published death scattered half forever lost valued collectors contained autograph fantastic writer left handed eccentric style writing left read wrote turn upside view mirror symbolically later ambidextrous dowering child shining gifts fill hands nature chose unlikely parents mother caterina sixteen daughter nameless generations peasants father piero da descendant line sober sided lawyers nature clenched girl sculptor hand flaming tuscan summer molded masterpiece born anchiano april
haven written days wanted think diary odd idea diary matter interested unbosomings thirteen schoolgirl matter want write want bring kinds things lie buried deep heart saying paper patient slightly melancholy days sat chin hand feeling bored limp mind stay home yes doubt paper patient don intend show cardboard covered notebook bearing proud diary find real friend boy girl cares root matter reason starting diary real friend let put clearly believe girl thirteen feels darling parents sister sixteen thirty call friends strings boy friends anxious catch glimpse failing peep mirrors class
spectators packing rome huge white stadio olimpico overcast september suddenly hushed olympic teams competing woman meter relay final took positions track eyes lithe brown run anchor leg team wilma rudolph foot coed tennessee university won gold medals meter sprints semifinals relay played large part setting olympic record united states team won final wilma olympic history american woman win gold medals track starting pistol cracked runners shot starting block raced baton lucinda williams team lead flashing wilma started forward motion baton pass bobbled wilma stop grasp gasp crowds germany jutta heine flying strides ahead wilma scissoring incredible strides began burn track abreast jutta heine pulled slightly ahead burst tape place roar throats din confused spectator asked french photographer standing finish line won
josie splashed soapy water bucket kitchen floor sitting heels swiped black hair sweaty cheeks smiled maria carlos baby brother sister sat cross table watching maria pulled sucking fingers mouth josie rinse floor slopes water runs door help josie bent job trying scrub cooking grease bare gray boards job hard twelve girl carlos bed nap reason crying afternoon bottle sucked peacefully brown cheeks pumping round black eyes movements floor maria small chest swelled push big sigh josie smiled hurry maria watch carlos longer play ball sleeping ok si maria cried quick smile turned belly slid table find ball maria josie reached grab sister maria running door josie called told watch carlos
tomato planting finished carlos lip healing josie continued job substitute mother days filled children wished talk morning sun shone window waken lay blinking brightness collected thoughts remembered walk curtis place accident pointed wild asparagus breakfast dishes washing clothes walk spot ditch bank stalks pick supper carlos hip maria side quiet morning maria chattering sound cardinal broke stillness country silent place live thought especially knew family workers bent fields replanting hand spots tomatoes machine planted survived shock transplant josie pick mother father sun bright josie found asparagus patch maria plenty maria bent looked hard green spears hiding tall grass josie handed paper bag sit pick put inside bag
kid sister cheryl bragged sioux grandpa joe iron shell friends lived city knew indians movies tv impressed stories maybe exaggerated grandpa reservation sound glamorous returned home yearly summer visit grandpa exciting tale tell real sioux article show listeners cheryl moccasins grandpa visit gave small round flat rawhide drum decorated painting warrior riding horse taught real sioux chant sing beat drum leather covered stick feather end impression showed friends grandpa picture ashamed knew glamorous tales told didn real thing friends laughed picture grandpa wasn tall stately tv indians hair wasn braids hung stringy gray strands neck grandfather lived part log part tar paper shack rosebud reservation south dakota grandpa visit embarrassed died lot yippy dogs neighborhood bark singly mail carrier safety yards
fear friend lifted clay boat floor flinging tiller managed head calypso shoreward directly rolling swells scanned waters bright jacket glimpsed calypso port rail close boat gap widened paul appeared facedown difficult gloom frantically clay secured sheet sail set proper angle sailing wind lashed tiller place quick turn line try calypso heading straight seaward maybe chance bringing paul boat maybe surge sea offset calypso effort stay place maybe awkward bulky jacket worked rail looking paul roll black water orange blob disappeared wary boom reached mast clinging spar stepped bench balanced searching searching paul clay swallowed panic throat paul strangely remembered paul looked remembered paul peering rail abandoned boat owl pale owl hated owl calypso claiming calypso
happened decided walk working night shift north slope brooks range alaska construction trans alaska pipeline begun job northernmost camp mountains directly south camp mountains looked upside steep rugged east west miles mountains fierce looking rounded top north rolling hills gently sloped arctic ocean hundred miles decided walk north camera picture camp rugged mountains south background morning started walking light picture arctic summer east sun hidden mountains casting magnificent glow highest peaks south west picture wanted walking fifteen minutes caribou antler feet bleached white sun perfect addition picture lay knoll frame camp inside curved antler sharp tines broken
july hint change place lives date robert abandoned egg deserted wet nest known quail nesting deep grass rose garden friend neighbor dr thomas kienzle discovered nest june carefully left surrounding grass uncut patient obervation periods standing motionless seen hen nest watched reached bill covering grasses side side front completely hidden chosen spot tommy mildred kienzle built house high bank lake surrounded woods haven wildlife cleared lawns paths tommy purposely left piles brush trees quail seen place course idea eggs hatch mildred alert eventful july morning tommy car trip town neared garage distance house aware movement grass attention immediately drawn female quail apparently distress
final game basketball season minneapolis lakers cincinnati royals game meant lakers qualified play royals won spot post season series playing hard preparing tough games ahead fans watching maurice big mo stokes cincinnati sharpshooter earlier rookie season scored points stokes usual hot game suddenly tripped fell hitting head hardwood floor knocked unconscious lay motionless minutes feeling mo asked teammate jack twyman mo regained consciousness felt stokes grinned sheepishly needed sleep days later detroit cincinnati royals lost play game series stokes played hard scored dozen points detroit game complained headaches plane cincinnati big mo suddenly coma plane landed rushed hospital doctors puzzled coma didn tumble game minneapolis lakers happened days earlier stokes apparently recovered
company transferring ben father city apartment company big impersonal care brandy ben irish setter care eighty pound purebred irish setter cooped inside room apartment care ben give brandy find home week brandy laid head contentedly ben lap ben rubbed ears thought run ad paper ben father lot jump chance fine setter brandy yeah ben mumbled feeling throat twist tight knot father let subject drop tell million things leave dog canoe suppose put upriver floating alpine smiled warmly son smile meant understood boy going offering ben final chance dog opportunity say bye privately say ben nodded days father meet bridge settlement alpine ben brandy
thunk red fiberglass kayak rock hidden water kayaker worked furiously paddle rock kayak backed rushing current took rear end kayak pushed boat going sideways downstream kayaker dug furiously paddle trying point boat downstream desperate stroke kayaker lost balance boat tipped quickly efficiently kayaker completed eskimo roll strong stroke paddle fiberglass boat turned upside side maneuvering kayak turbulent whitewater rapids river fascinating sport danger safety measures kayakers wear helmets protect heads rocks case capsize wear jackets kayakers careful rush whitewater knowing ahead kind rapids find question stop upstream boat scout river dry land decide portage rapids try whitewater farther downstream kayaker prepares danger enjoys sport hurt rapids boat upright capsize
warm dusk jersey evening margaret mother led lighted porch front lawn play game explained margaret run house mother run meet run faster run mrs white urged picking ankle length skirt starting left margaret looked mother shadowy path house dreadful game want play age margaret timid scared animals terrifying bugs crept crawled slithered frightened screams sleep haunted thoughts burglars wept left house family ten minutes feared darkness night took hesitating step safety lighted porch mother called run dreaded going dark simply disobey disappoint beloved mother ran immediately corner house lighted porch plunged deep shadow path faintly visible ahead heart began pound terrors menacing waved head dipped brushed forehead damp fingers
biggest problem margaret faced inside steel mill remember moment child foundry father watched pouring hot molten steel wanted catch magnificent moment film answer problem finally introduced elroy kulas president otis steel company elroy kulas big industrialist powerful awe inspiring margaret found talk spoken feeling industry enormous importance told desire capture strength beauty ugliness film especially wanted photograph pouring steel ingots kulas understood felt curious expect sell pictures margaret shook head wasn selling prints asked permission let wanted photograph steel mill reasons liked talk selling buying kulas gave orders entire mill margaret white run place interfere endanger hand leaving months europe
july violent explosion ripped tunnel cleveland waterworks tunnel feet surface lake erie moment explosion working deadly gases heavy smoke dust quickly filled underground space trapping inside firefighters doctors nurses police officers waterworks employees gathered tunnel entrance relatives friends trapped stood hopefully knew fate trapped workers staying alive hours wasn likely enter tunnel found carried heavy smoke deadly gases impossible try chances saving workers lives hopeless city cleveland garrett morgan resting home scene explosion remembered demonstrating gas inhalator hoped interest manufacturers invention garrett morgan received patent invention later awarded grand prize international safety exhibition york city race discrimination successful selling inhalator morgan contacted asked lake erie tunnel soon asked bring gas inhalators morgan arrived shortly brother
weekend early october carrie finally found coyote stone found sandy gully ranch yard small yellowish brown piece rock gave rich glow rubbed hand partially buried horse skull exposed fine grit sand polished bone look feel ivory carrie dug half lower jawbone alongside skull half wasn found beautiful find carrie kind omen determined locate rest jawbone drove upright stick ground mark spot noted moss covered valley oak bank carrie continue search weekend saw coyote identify young female seen pup set coyote odd low set ears stood fully upright darkness coat distinctly marked shadings usual carrie seen lucky track den coyote litter
morning leo found dead lamb permanent pasture mean eyes gloat carrie guess coyote don fall dad protection early light carrie heard crack shots filled hatred fear missed varmint leo grunted carrie ran meet pickup driveway look tell thing wasn ordinary coyote seen mean trouble re half dog worst kind killers telling em carrie felt chill fear sense impending trouble began count minutes father returned ranch free leo menacing presence travelers homecoming brought carrie reasons rejoicing leo departed father put things rained inches fell storm gordon foresaw beginning wet winter gloom cast dry spell vanished ranch preparations rainy season carrie tempted confide feelings leo father leo menacing gordon home
carrie opened eyes knew light longer valley moon hear voices coming distance floated desire inform desire sleep dream forever half body grow heavier began feel aching pain part carrie re going fine recognized mother voice saw face close felt touch mother hand forehead re safe home carrie bed father bed face carrie began cry silently felt pillow grow wet beneath face father raised head shook carrie shoulder lightly listen carrie want going coyote hunt memory realization blinding light carrie overcome feelings relief joy silent tears heaving sobs father held close re baby thing remembered sleep mother saying gently let rest gordon sick girl
indians lived southward land united states thousands tribes traveled mexico central america south america southern tip continent north american indians indians latin america mexico central america south america island nations caribbean sea learned farm hunt incas peru aztecs mexico built civilizations governed huge empires western coast south america indians found grow crops steep slopes andes mountains learned build terraces level fields huge steps slopes built parallel stone walls packed dirt walls hillside terraces indians learned fertilizers build irrigation ditches bring water crops twelfth century andean tribe incas began gaining control indians region incas southern peru conquered neighboring tribes reached farther north south sixteenth century inca empire stretched thousand miles columbia chile included million today governments fill thousands sheets paper written records incas discovered writing track tribes governed knotted ropes called quipus
columbus reached america king henry vii england hired italian navigator john cabot explore routes asia sailing west cabot reached coast north america ashore claimed territory england later spoke found land island region called newfoundland cabot son sebastian sailed north american coast cabots europeans reach mainland north america columbus discovered result cabot voyages england claimed north american continent english establish permanent colonies century cabot explored coast saw amazing number fish offshore waters feeding grounds called banks lay southeast newfoundland region named grand banks news discovery hundreds english fishermen ocean dozens ships filled cod mackerel teeming waters fishermen land shore salt dry catch set sail england industry english put america permanent settlements established king francis france interested discovering northwest passage hired italian named giovanni da verrazano search route north america
dutch set colony hudson river amsterdam jersey english seized territory dutch lands duke york gave friends sir george carteret lord john berkeley carteret berkeley divided land east jersey west jersey england puritans promised religious freedom began move jerseys berkeley sold half territory west jersey group quakers carteret died eastern half puritans lived sold group quakers conflicts puritans quakers aroused attention english government halves reunited royal colony jersey quaker proprietors rights land king controlled government dutch swedish settlements delaware river area called sweden english seized netherland jersey dutch took area duke york granted land william penn delaware received legislature remained governorship pennsylvania revolution king charles ii gave grant land south virginia noblemen including berkeley carteret proprietors land settlers founded charles town honor king
differences opinion convention delegates question slavery created crisis individuals thought slavery abolished ended completely question issue delegates debated slavery affect government northern members suggested slaves counted determining share direct federal taxes pay felt slaves counted part population important number representatives determined population southern members wanted slaves counted determining representation fixing taxes disagreement settled called fifths compromise slave counted fifths person purposes taxation representation meant whites slave holding states elect additional representatives congress convention dealt issues relating slavery constitution legally end slave trade present delegates agreed congress laws ending slave trade bfore issue escaped slaves constitution person held service labour free escaping returned person service labour due constitutional convention divided government branches responsible carrying specific duties
september delegates held meeting nearly months hard secretary read constitution final form benjamin franklin asked speech tried stand legs weak sank chair james wilson lawyer pennsylvania read speech franklin prepared speech franklin admitted parts constitution experience prove judged added sure combined wisdom thoughtful sounder written hope join show approval effort signing supporting delegates pleased results felt short document show labors thirty forty delegates present agreed sign constitution chiefly faith amending process knew constitution changed satisfactory delegates signed names franklin told story meetings recalled looked washington chair picture sun painted chair franklin able mind sun rising setting
united states important president george washington wiser daring held office washington president actions lasting effects nation george washington took office united states nation americans felt loyalty states national government suspicious constitution government completely organized president hold nation washington deep thinker political philosopher possessed qualities indispensable president united states washington ability stand political party arguments personal ambition inspired confidence trust washington commanded president elected unanimously elected washington lent dignity office felt presidency highly respected office needed pride president nation senate wanted refer highness president united states washington refused felt leader free known george washington president united states washington aware fact move decision reached lasting consequences
group blacks unique americans think treat nearly half million free black slaves free white americans half free blacks lived south rest north free southern blacks slaves freed masters children freed slaves craftsmen southern cities owned plantations slaves free blacks south lived fear returned slavery especially nat turner revolt southern whites tried sure free black trouble slaves southern states passed laws forbidding free blacks associate slaves hold meetings white present south hard blacks find forbidding hold jobs black job court return slavery spite disadvantages free southern blacks remained free southern whites oppose slavery thought wrong enslave free free black worked hard saving money buy freedom relatives slavery northerners slavery prejudiced blacks believe equal opportunity
dispute slavery territories grew doctrine popular sovereignty compromise granted popular sovereignty territories california carved lands won mexico expected areas settled north south worried popular sovereignty soon put test test doctrine occur lands mexican cession sooner expected kansas nebraska territories ruled completely federal government begun steps statehood northwesterners led senator stephen douglas illinois wanted areas territories pioneers settle douglas believed firmly federal government help settlement west government thought encourage settlers move westward establishing territorial governments kansas nebraska douglas interested transcontinental railroad consideration wanted built southern route northwesterners wanted built northern route ending douglas home city chicago illinois senator hoped government build railroad northern route settlers moved kansas nebraska douglas asked congress pass kansas nebraska act organizing kansas nebraska territories
summer lee led army northward try washington crossed potomac river maryland marched southern pennsylvania gettysburg july lee met union forces commanded general george meade gettsyburg lee threw bit strength northern forces fighting lasted days lee found ammunition low ordered general george pickett lead bayonet charge center union line defense fifteen thousand confederate soldiers pickett union held hill cemetery ridge confederate troops charged directly union fire hand hand fight succeeded breaking union defense line southerners held ground twenty minutes union guns fired round round soldiers confederacy fell killed lee gambled lost led shattered army south south gather sufficient forces attack washington lee able save richmond union capture defeat gettsyburg beginning end confederate southern power declined confederate leaders realized win war soon going win supplies running confederacy desperately needed help abroad
cities grew upward population business activity increased land center cities valuable building construction expensive small profits builders collect large rents put taller buildings buildings floors house offices bring rent piece land technological advances taller buildings practical elevator steel elevators obstacle tall buildings remained walls stone building higher walls thicker support extra weight sixteen story chicago building needed walls fifteen feet thick base thick walls expensive took valuable space cast iron building civil war brittle support structures height steel provided answer william le baron jenny chicago architect pioneers steel tall buildings built skeleton framework steel ten story building framework walls supported weight structure soon cities york chicago dotted buildings tall thirty stories began calling skyscrapers touch sky small cities tulsa oklahoma syracuse york wanted skyscrapers
jane addams born illinois quaker family father legislator integrity crooked politician knew bribed jane young girl studied hard rockford seminary illinois won prize speaking contest william jennings bryan took prize graduated rockford father european tour complete education miss addams unusual tourist visited sights spent walking slum districts european cities deeply affected saw returned home unhappy confused wanted find satisfying career helping poor imagine era woman place home later jane addams sailed europe slum area east london found solution visited newly opened toynbee hall settlement house young established toynbee hall reformers preached poor returned comfortable homes lived toynbee hall organizing clubs concerts lectures tried understand poor jane addams returned united states young women bought large rundown house south halstead street chicago
american expansionists turning latin american nations united states thought area backyard government wanted lessen european influence caribbean south america united states bought millions dollars worth coffee wool sugar latin america nations bought manufactured goods europe secretary james blaine hoped persuade latin american countries buy american manufactured goods invited delegates countries conference washington washington conference entirely successful delegates agree increase trade latin america united states refused adopt proposal settle disputes american nations peacefully agree form pan american union pan greek word meaning grover cleveland president inter american relations improved slightly cleveland hated war generally opposed expansion expansionists politically strong support press public general dispute arose venezuela british colony guiana concerning exact border gold discovered disputed region issue head cleveland responding public pressure ordered secretary richard olney intervene olney strong note britain saying monroe doctrine violated
india ruled britain independent million population largest china larger population india republic populous republic communist chinese tried persuade india help western nations white nation form colonialism chinese urged indians follow india remained free western chinese control farming primitive india food communist party strongest poorest areas promises prosperity help india remain independent republic united states kinds aid food arms defend attack equipment technicians help farming industries americans believed india prosperous remaining democratic asia communism escape poverty nazi persecutions war ii jews fled palestine part palestine independnet republic israel arab nations middle east opposed republic israel wanted palestine remain arab president gamal abdel nasser egypt led country arab nations boycotting israeli products attacking israel border nasser accepted military aid soviet union
kennedy successor lyndon johnson entered government young brought washington deal senator texas chosen democratic senators party leader vice presidential candidate helped kennedy win votes south johnson president won nation support continuing frontier strong leader succeeded persuading congress pass kennedy civil rights program congress launched war poverty program provided federal funds train educate unemployed set job corps training camps gave aid local communities set antipoverty programs republicans felt party radical wanted candidate give nation choice echo nominated senator barry goldwater conservative arizona goldwater wanted limit powers federal government believed states regulate welfare civil rights labor education private businesses government control projects tva criticized vast government spending required federal programs johnson hand proposed active federal government federal government duty create society federal legislation insure education jobs civil rights johnson won election largest vote candidate history
late american indians forced reservations surrounded barbed wire seldom allowed leave forced abandon customs religions government indian agents appointed run reservations tribes seldom voice destiny buffalo center indian economy west destroyed white hunters land indians dry farming indian left occupations dependent government food supplies agents corrupt dawes general allotment act passed congress destroy tribal whites felt indians friends supported dawes act idea break reservations give indian family small farm tribal customs religion thought die replaced white customs reservation land allotted indians declared surplus land sold whites ninety million acres indian land sold indians american citizens ten later allotment policy finally ended attempts allow indians govern tribal governments reformed indians allowed practice religions supervised government agents
lived europe thousand ago today explanations superstitions things happened farmer cow died suddenly explain death diseases explain misfortune think remind aha neighbor mine ambrose lives road remember walked thursday looked cow known giving cow evil eye days believed evil eye believed person harm looking farmer thousand ago beliefs strange today believed omens believed things took place showed happen future saw shooting star meant death close hand sat table terrible happen europe thousand ago devil witches real trouble earning living beware devil offer rich powerful exchange give soul devil
study american history find mysteries matter fact discovery america mystery european reach americas christopher columbus landed crew island san salvador leif ericson brave viking think sailed newfoundland let look facts judge historians judge facts proof case christopher columbus strong proof columbus landed island san salvador letter friend write learn thirty days reached indies fleet illustrious king queen gave found islands filled number island found gave san salvador palm trees kinds kinds birds indians opinion sky announce running house house neighboring towns loud cries sky islands canoes
indian dead live civilization mother dead tried help worth samuel de champlain interrupted speaker sad news yes brought france reason question learn live civilization forests home champlain knew useless scorned indians champlain french explorer lived voyages france canada england coast travels learned indian tribes ways things indians excited admired farmed strange crops grew maize pumpkins marveled canoes swiftly travel wondered knowledge nature forests wild animals land strange champlain especially interested hurons indians lived valley st lawrence visited huron village stadacona french built quebec montreal built hochelaga large indian village
colonists wanted belong england wanted part making laws finally colonists choose belonging england government congress passed declaration independence signing declaration started revolution colonists england england want lose american colonies england defeat colonial army war england colonies colonists obey england laws england ready fight war english army trained plenty supplies english navy controlled seas blockade colonies blockade colonies trading getting supplies england problems war army fight colonies supplies army brought england england problems parts troops colonies soldiers english army countries paid fight england english soldiers fighting homes freedom colonists knew win war stay independent prepared fight war colonial army small trained supplies fighting money pay soldiers
accused stealing loaf bread willing test prove innocence remove pebble bottom deep pot boiling water bare hand let judge examine arm looks innocent red blistered guilty test carry red hot piece iron bare hand feet show judge hand blisters prove innocent walk path burning twigs judge look bottom feet signs blistering decide guilty innocent accused witch thief willing test hands feet tied strong rope throw nearest river float show devil helping prove witch hand prove innocence sinking bottom river deciding guilty called trial ordeal europe thousand ago believed god separate innocent guilty trial
read explored marco polo vikings columbus exploring stop finding exploring lands explorer heard american didn rich famous didn succeed carrying plan dream true think ideas ahead americans english colonies thinking independence war england american concern london start adventure captain james cook majesty navy preparing voyage explore pacific ocean looking passage pacific atlantic need north continent john ledyard american voyage expedition sailed pacific finding islands exploring strange coasts explorers knew war independence taking place america ledyard journal describing voyage told discovery group islands cook named sandwich islands call hawaiian islands ships sailed oregon ledyard felt special thrill feeling home wild distant land felt met indians
story young lives imagine respects alike cinque called son chieftain sierra leone country west coast africa tall strong intelligent showed manner pride chieftain son john quincy named chieftain son father john adams president united states earliest childhood family trained important place society served government elected senator president united states fate caused paths cinque john quincy adams cross story began dark night spanish ship coast cuba cinque grown manhood slaves aboard ship recently wife children africa sold slavery ship sat stunned unbelieving ship neared cuba final act terror pounded mind angry crewman whipped slaves splashed vinegar open wounds cinque enraged victim twisted pain ability leadership chieftain son stirred
army wagons rumbled roads led washington creaking noises loud hide sounds moans wounded dying july brought real battle war cries pain drifting crowds streets gave meaning war thousand northern soldiers dead wounded northerners thought union army southerners turn run crowds watching wagons knew politicians generals planned course war learning bitter lesson crowd young woman thirties worked clerk patent office clara barton stood barely feet tall pushing crowd look wagons move move let begged front crowd clara barton stopped short sight wagons noticed road stretching potomac river tents quickly tents group wounded sprawled ground waved hand let drop clara bent held cup water drink
don try fool fake fake shouted accusation angry audience aiming words tall negro named frederick douglass speech slavery speech sentence clearly stated audience impressed sure fake brought pretend slave feel sorry slaves game charge fell hard douglass knew americans mixed feelings slavery knew wrongs slavery part system slave douglass experienced wrongs saw home night sat began write set read story slave named names gave dates frederick douglass began telling small child mother hired field hand miles main plantation mother wanted walk miles ready full
april marks payoff history gambles germany received notice united states congress declared war allies europe fighting germany terrible soldiers exhausted discouraged germany betting smash allied armies american forces europe help united states faced problem april american soldiers couldn trained europe soon germany deliver knockout blow win war things didn look promising america strong peacetime army thousands rushed volunteer army nearly rifles practice date american soldiers drill broomsticks rifle shortages drill civilian clothes tomato cans practice throwing hand grenades army battle hardened german troops maybe germany gamble american troops arrived europe didn look french thankful help saw shortcomings called uniformed mob germans called bunch green troops beardless children americans home beardless children known called doughboys
imagine live narrow country road small town playing road hear mother let shout watch yells road horses tied scared house quick kind monster headin tie horses race house porch turn find fuss look shaking rattling road headed mother shouts look hittin ten miles hour look smoke likes monster imagined passing small country road strange sight pretty upset rolling monsters belched steam large clouds dust clattered banged ear shattering noises monsters roaming streets countryside place rolling monster seen france lumbered miles hour slower walked law passed frighten
ordinary broadcast listening americans march radio tuned voice franklin roosevelt president united states americans lived depression waited hear president say ending hard times heard say let assert firm belief thing fear fear nameless unreasoning unjustified terror paralyzes needed efforts convert retreat advance sat quietly speech spoke repeated words president thing fear fear don plenty afraid millions jobs countries europe turned dictators things rough government telling going things haven gotten lost savings bank bad things farmers getting mighty discouraged afraid sure afraid shouldn president roosevelt afraid rich problems
sunlight streamed window room stood talking seen light figures study differences older gray stooped slow younger dark haired quick sure looking window city spread row row streets stories street noise traffic trouble city planners older ben saying sit safely problems decisions tear buildings put tall buildings problems think solved ben smiled eyes ben re replied younger reason talk bring view things pair eyes tell kinds things morning john hate tell sidewalks block full broken glass children walk school playing sidewalks afternoon stopped look houses south street re worse shape walls crumbling windows trash ground
checks balances founding fathers called found sharing power branches national government system worked president congress supreme court job checked shared task governing felt system worked granted night june security guard frank wills making rounds watergate building washington matter began small piece tape small frank wills saw door lock merely removed rounds found piece tape lock grew suspicious burglars quietly phoned police surprised act placing bugs listening devices telephones phones offices national headquarters democratic party arrested charged burglary matter forgotten events growing arrests shock nation burglars tried found guilty sentenced prison questions remained unanswered broken democratic headquarters motive working hired break
united states civil rights movement society programs improved conditions differences opinion developed americans disagreed vietnam war federal spending protest government vietnam war important problem nation late early president nixon began remove troops vietnam peace talks held representatives united states vietnam americans angry president increased fighting finally january agreement reached end conflict problem developed late small depression conditions grew worse unemployed depression wages price goods president nixon began controls prices wages steps helped recovery business conditions began improve unemployment remained high highest unskilled workers young minorities thought president end unemployment late problem oil crisis began started number nations longer sell oil united states countries wait line buy gas price gas heating oil electricity crisis soon problem shortage energy resources remained
rosina liked half past morning shouting started family called mama breakfast ready dressed hit deck luigi rise shine carlo rise shine shouted papa luck catch today mama rosina remember wanted father brothers fishing boat winter sailed san francisco bay search crabs ocean rosina family wire traps crab pots called orange colored floats showed crab pots lay deep bottom ocean rosina seen wire traps orange colored floats lying wharf allowed sea father brothers asked papa let begged rosina help papa rosina question helping helpers uncle school luigi carlo rosina thought luigi carlo lucky big brothers papa search crabs rosina named beautiful fishing boat allowed deck father boat
pot raised carlo looked inside shouted stowaway octopus rosina supper carlo lifted octopus hand net held papa today caught hundreds hundreds crabs rosina octopus found note bottle thought boy monterey boy wrote note asked twelve luigi carlo answer rosina stowaway orders papa hides cabin boat tells give orders pointed carlo yes write boy wish luck fishing fog cleared sun high sky papa turned santa rosa shore carefully steered boat fisherman wharf rosina knew allowed aboard santa rosa remember enjoy minute waved fishing boats party boat passed reached home papa talked rosina end talk speak mama sorry rosina meant worry won telling
lunch mike began making tracks potatoes fork mike mrs muddle re play food look susie mike thing fork mother susie baby mike older brother steve pushed chair excused asked fellows soon minute stuff packed weekend campout mother nodded re excused steve sure heavy sweater cold indian mountain mike laid fork plate steve kids asked mother re young camping overnight aw mom begged mike stuff steve mrs muddle sighed sorry couldn consider mike turn sigh considered small big things wanted wasn fun middle kid family afternoon steve left indian mountain mother took susie upstairs nap mike decided weed tomato patch planted house pulled weed finally grew tired weeding sat looked tomato plants boy thought sure exciting afternoon
bat sleeps flies night true faraway faraway place bat flew daylight ago bat flying sunshine suddenly hawk appeared joined flight friend bat called hawk trying voice sound pleasant searching past months bat need going war birds beasts replied hawk birds join forces squeaked bat trying act surprised mistake join birds war beasts bird account join birds excuse run bat sank ground folded wings ran grass feet fool hawk continued flight mistake bat bird bat belongs kingdom beasts wonder bat found deep woods breath weak farther stopped rest beneath oak trees
ago sun water friends lived earth happiness sun paid visit water water visit sun result sun thought water polite wondered water reason coming visit asked sun invited times welcome welcome alas replied water invited refuse house small paid visit surely drive results terrible want visit build house warn large gathered room sun considered water agreed build house big water soon sun returned home wife moon welcomed broad smile invited water visit told refused agreed build house big hold water paid visit replied moon delighted
ausable fit description secret agent fowler read hall gloomy french hotel ausable room fowler felt let small room sixth top floor scarcely setting figure romantic adventure ausable wrinkled business suit badly need cleaning called romantic figure thing fat fat accent spoke french german passably altogether lost england twang brought paris boston twenty disappointed ausable wheezily shoulder told secret agent spy dealing espionage danger wished meet writer young head clouds envisioned mysterious figures night secret wiretaps clever disguises spent dull evening french music hall sloppy fat messages slipped hand dark eyed beauties prosaic telephone call making appointment room bored fat chuckled unlocked door room stood let discomfited guest enter disillusioned ausable told cheer young friend presently paper important paper risked lives
feast san geronimo september taos pueblo taos excited feast quiet public pleasantly warm shady side pueblo michael heard drums felt beat dancing feet earth beneath feet smelled bread baking outdoor earthen ovens smell roasting meat bubbling chili air visitors michael heard taosians speaking quietly louder voices english speaking onlookers expecting chifonetti coming felt arrival movements laughter crowd incomplete free spirited clowns michael wondered tease saw chifonetti mind costume hairstyle whirling exhausting race feast power soon felt commotion realized chifonetti teasing standing sure chifonetti chifonetti words comforting funny michael share gaiety idea began form michael mind thought taos indians looked forward feast fun watching clowns thought deep respect clan added cultural pueblo
spring halley comet sky night talking children measles due allowed bed reason period wake window minute asked throat sore talk speckled replied mother seen comet pleaded helen measles spots week mine broke helen slept bed mother teetering edge patience midnight running getting cold house drafty heated wood night fires died morning upstairs bitterly cold water pitcher washstand froze dangerous cold measles mother took lamp dresser hall boys room bet comet john re high hill wasn high hill higher rest village
mists rolling valley pale sun lighting sky dog tall norway pines farmhouse door whined sadly louder whine cats appeared barn nearby stared tiger eyed resentment put instant flight important business chose ignore door swung open wonderful smell bacon eggs surged terrier drew charm wag tail glued ears wrinkled nose preparation disastrous winning leer surprised silence broken deep amused voice owner voice looking odd visitor eyes rolled disappeared head called house answered pleasant warm voice woman sound footsteps tail increased tempo woman stood moment doorway looking silent astonishment white gargoyle step saw face break smile past master art scrounging held civil paw bent shook laughing helplessly invited follow house
worst thanksgiving entire history universe occurred senior high school began note mother sister carrie inviting house duxbury house boothbay harbor thanksgiving mother accepted saying frail awkward cousin edward student photography boarded mother concerned edward thanksgiving afraid don mean depressed holidays mean scared silly reason edward maintained awful happened thanksgiving uneventful definitely vouch thanksgivings lived edward walk dinner cow drove deeper deeper salt marshes house found temporary sanctuary dinghy mooring lines parted found floating screaming inlet cow stood stiff defiantly bellowing bon voyage glint father eye watched edward drift minds going mother prevailed thanksgiving family awakened edwardian screams raced room standing wild eyed middle bed shouting awful bitten
ancient knew skies today clocks knew hour observing progress sun calendars knew month observing movement stars planets instruments sailors steer straight course open seas leading star lodestar storms fog daylight overcast skies interfere tell direction needed legend young shepherd asia minor launched discovery roman writer pliny tells boy named magnes watching flock mount ida curious thing happened magnes iron tipped staff struck rock couldn pull easily tried trick rocks mountain hard black attracted metal staff magnes puzzled showed trick stones look eventually credit discovering magnetite country called magnesia honor lucky find thought magnets magic perform curious tricks sixteenth century magic stones scientific study english doctor named william gilbert learned bar shaped piece magnetite hung string remarkable thing
robert frost famous poet poetry permissible saying thing meaning frost talking frequent figurative idiomatic language poetry poem fog carl sandburg mean fog comes cat feet fog sits looking harbor city silent haunches rear part animal body moving figurative language figurative language language words ordinary meanings unusual special meanings suggested words ordinary meanings figurative language involves comparisons person thing idea compared sandburg compare fog ways think sandburg meant fog cat sandburg wanted convey impression fog silent stealthy times think comparing fog cat sandburg conveys impression effectively simply fog silent stealthy spoke fog living thing sandburg figure speech known personification personification figure speech lifeless thing quality spoken alive living thing sit haunches look harbor city
fourth july weekend saturday bernie holien eased orange car parking place trailhead colorado rocky mountain national park friend mark erickson inkling pick carpenters headed foot mt ypsilon highest peak park climbing experience scaled peak car holien erickson packed manicured trail takes hikers ypsilon lake miles trailhead cut cross country mile spectacle lakes named narrow isthmus mountain lakes makes look pair glasses waterfall lake camped downing dinner bone steaks green beans cranberry juice morning bacon eggs climbed past spectacle lakes headed snowfield planned top early afternoon easier backside approach mountain return pick tent sleeping bags home route feet couloir snow gulley branches higher distance looks giant tattooed side peak reached base ypsilon face proceeded unroped foot field boulders angled higher feet ice
august fisherman prospector george carmack indian friends discovered gold klondike river canada summer newspaper headlines shouting gold yukon gold klondike didn places gold seekers thousands headed anyway gold crazed fit unfit wise foolish dreamer crook estimated persons struck rich klondike gold rush reached height number fewer hundred stayed rich fewer dozen rush didn stories yukon wild brash startling newspapers printed word facts couldn printed fancy took stories klondike river knee deep gold nuggets picked fistful treasure richer aztec king montezuma summer staid newspaper london times correspondent separate fact fiction correspondent flora shaw train vancouver british columbia shaw talked sourdough seasoned miner yukon told shaw didn believe case buy canvas leggings wear skirts protection bumps scratches
seen depths space earth beautiful blue white island floating gracefully sky planets ways planets circle sun enclosed protective layer air blanketed green vegetation wet oceans streams lakes planets solar system planets universe earth perfect environment higher forms including human beings today giving environment attack principal resources environment wild animals earth early farmers ancient hunters preyed animals food effort wipe hundred deliberately exterminated species ancestors lived thousands america europe sixty million buffalo ranged prairies hundred period killed traveler kentucky sighted flock passenger pigeons measured mile wide miles century senseless slaughter numerous american birds extinct animals soon meet fate passenger pigeon include timber wolf grizzly bear bald eagle national bird united states
end february winter rains temporarily halted took children sunday drive san francisco marina green ming tao noticed number flying kites kind crossed sticks covered printed plastic daddy buy kite asked woody scornful simple plastic stretches flap diving lack balance fly beautiful graceful help ming tao understand kites toys explained kites chinese pastime calendar kite flying began seventh month ninth ninth month feast season kites released skies season family created kite ming tao fascinated didn woody picked subject kites ranged shape dragon centipede carry decorations mirrors feathers tassels heard small fit palm large lift person daddy born san francisco grandfather tell ming tao sensed father personal tale chinese kites born brenham place clay street facing portsmouth square woody began noticed flying kites fantastic shapes maneuvered white haired white
snow began quietly afterthought gray sunday night moon broke daylight wind started white curls thin lonesome running drifts left storm gradually snow thickened thirty ruts winding trails covered undisturbed lone tree district yellow bus crawled heavily feeling ruts choppy sand hills wind rose snow whipped posts ranch fence trail caked bus windows shutting young faces pressed glass storm increased air powdery white hill trace road obliterated bus wavered swayed direction moving hesitating stalling deepening drifts bucking heavily bus steep patch started doggedly slower decisive feeling cautiously traction drifted hillside wheels began slip catch slip bus tipped precariously push wind moment tilting bus lift pivoted slow skid turned half broadside slowly weight settled lightly drift part thickening place white storm turned snowbanks lost frightening cries inside hiss steam smoke hot engine snow
africa believe give carefully think gift mean person gift responsibility giver say tell story arap sang cranes arap sang chief half god days lived chiefs mixed gods walking plain admiring cattle hot rains ground bare grass hard stone thorn trees gave shade spines thin twigs tiny leaves sun straight hot black ants didn feel happy furnace sun beat arap sang bald head sensitive didn mentioned thought feeling things vulture sitting crook tree wings hanging eyes lookout vulture arap sand hot sun making head ache fine pair broad wings grateful spread let enjoy patch shade
called friend sherlock holmes autumn found deep conversation stout florid faced elderly gentleman fiery red hair apology intrusion withdraw holmes pulled abruptly room closed door possibly dear watson cordially afraid engaged wait room gentleman wilson partner helper successful cases doubt utmost stout gentleman half rose chair gave bob greeting quick questioning glance small fat encircled eyes try settee holmes relapsing armchair putting fingertips custom judicial moods dear watson share love bizarre conventions humdrum routine everyday shown relish enthusiasm prompted chronicle excuse saying embellish adventures cases greatest interest observed
ago lived kind woman poor cut wood forest nearby took bundles kindling town sell snow fell icicles dangled roof didn sell wood money food cold snowy set village usual bundle kindling strapped soft snowflakes swirling gray sky making shapeless white heaps ah nice home thought sigh knew turn trudged snow covered road beating hands warm suddenly saw strange middle field white wings fluttering churning flurry snow thought rubbing eyes looks snowstorm middle field moved closer saw beautiful white stork caught trap bird fluttered wildly tried struggled tighter rope leg poor frightened bird shivering cold anxious town stopped help stork
shrink earth size carry globe globe model earth compare sizes shapes large bodies land water judge distances globes page lines drawn lines numbered degrees degrees parts complete circle set lines called lines longitude numbered east west lines length meet north south poles longitude lines called meridians line drawn greenwich england called prime meridian numbered degrees written small circle symbol degree lines longitude numbered east west meridian lines drawn globe east west called lines latitude equator line latitude halfway north south poles divides globe halves call halves northern southern hemispheres hemisphere means half sphere half ball latitude lines numbered equator equator numbered poles numbered north south lines latitude meet called parallels equator longest latitude line circles formed latitude lines smaller higher latitudes
look globe page shows western hemisphere earth book lands western hemisphere continent major land area surrounded water continents western hemisphere north america south america continents joined strip land called central america western hemisphere includes greenland largest island pieces land west indies smaller islands continents stretch arctic ocean north pole south pole continents miles km narrowest point land connecting north south america called isthmus panama isthmus narrow strip land joins larger landforms isthmus panama divided panama canal canal connects pacific ocean caribbean sea north south america large mountain ranges large plains plain large area level rolling land north america huge area rocky mountains appalachian mountains plain part east rockies called plains stretch northern canada gulf mexico plains found east andes mountains south america east northern andes lowland plain amazon river
west north america south america pacific ocean largest body water earth covers earth surface east north america south america atlantic ocean largest body water atlantic pacific oceans meet south cape horn south america southern tip farther south ice covered continent antarctica north north america icy arctic ocean atlantic pacific oceans connected panama canal waterway fifty miles km cuts panama water rain snow fall continents comes oceans bodies water oceans change temperatures continents water heats cools slowly land summer winds oceans cool land blow thousands atlantic pacific acted barriers rare visits sail ocean america smaller bodies water western hemisphere actually parts atlantic ocean gulf mexico miles km miles wide km caribbean sea part atlantic ocean west indies central america south america miles km miles wide km
april small french ships dropped anchor coast florida board ships planned start colony land united states french built log fort named fort caroline attacked spanish soldiers spain allow build colonies land french settlers killed rest driven hold florida spanish took indian village stood st augustine today colony lasting land later part united states idea starting colonies north america growing gold fur trade offered chance wealth north america offered freedom religion kings europe allow england try start colony north america sir walter raleigh wanted england start colony claim land stronger wanted settle place cabot reached voyage north carolina build colony look northwest passage pay costs send natural resources england products land gold fur spices lumber sir walter begin colony roanoke island north carolina coast shipload
colony jamestown large area land english named virginia virginia largest leading colony south southern colony maryland king owed money nobles lord baltimore baltimore george calvert wanted open colony america roman catholic wanted colony faith freedom worship george calvert died king signed papers colony title lord baltimore calvert son cecil cecil brought colonists maryland religious beliefs welcome colony virginia going southward looking land group noblemen land south virginia called carolina colony opened settlement began grew seaport city charles town later town charleston south carolina town located separated north carolina land georgia lay carolinas spanish florida formed colony group led james oglethorpe start colony oglethorpe brought colonists georgia live colony southern colonies coastal plain
fighting began french indian war english government tried help iroquois french aided algonkians colonies asked send meeting albany york iroquois chiefs asked meet meeting big success colonies representatives iroquois interested helping english meeting plan offered showed colonies federal central government thirteen colonies legislature governor representatives government help act brought albany plan union meeting knew help colonies worked benjamin franklin pennsylvania postmaster general northern colonies trying start postal system colonies postmaster pennsylvania government known inventions electricity franklin published newspaper booklet called poor richard almanac franklin believed colonies albany meeting voted plan union legislatures colonies met failed plan colonists soon learned franklin
products west carried downstream flatboats flatboats rafts square heavy upstream keelboats goods upstream pointed ends oars poles sails helped move boatmen stand shore ropes pull boats hard slow keelboats freight settlements rivers inventors believed power steam move boats upstream current philadelphia john fitch built boat steam engine worked set oars proved delaware river robert fulton seen fitch boat philadelphia idea building steamboat studying art paris talked american representative robert livingston livingston offered pay costs building steamboat fulton clermont ready steam power turn large paddle wheel trip hudson river proved soon steamboats eastern rivers steamboat called orleans built mississippi river mississippi orleans engines strong power boat river henry shreve built steamboat
early pony express carried news southern states decided secede leave union forming nation called confederate states america americans big surprise leaders united states known slavery end nation built idea created equal held slaves step end slavery forever planters south paid slaves afford free slaves start paying wages slavery passed slaves fewer north south began sides government south felt laws passed favoring manufacturers north senators representatives south voted bills states called slave states rest slavery law called free states slave states free states south stop passage bill equal voice senate important south power states added union west
abraham lincoln took office south carolina georgia florida alabama mississippi louisiana seceded soon texas joined president secede deciding prove shots war states civil war fired confederate states united states forts south fort sumter harbor charleston south carolina april confederacy opened fire fort sumter war began president lincoln asked colonel robert lee lead united states troops forts lee considering virginia left union lee turn family friends later leader confederate armies soon arkansas north carolina tennessee joined confederate states america city richmond virginia confederate capital jefferson davis mississippi elected president confederacy states missouri kentucky maryland delaware slave states decided remain union border states families divided feelings union confederate fighting took place missouri maryland president lincoln hoped settle problems quickly months war badly north south strong fighting spirit fine officers lincoln trouble finding strong union generals
midwestern states rich deep soil region united states hilly rough lands south dakota southern missouri land gently rolling level region includes central plains part plains rivers lakes land minnesota northern wisconsin michigan dotted small lakes lakes reach region missouri mississippi ohio rivers branches northern parts regions frozen snow covered winter waterways closed months farther south winters severe times ice snow summer weather hot days humidity high spring brings river floods danger bad storms tornadoes rains growth north south dakota nebraska kansas rainfall humidity lower winter winds bring blizzards cattle ranchers animals protected welcome snowfall brings needed moisture war states richest deposits iron ore united states found lake superior soon barges loaded ore towed lakes places farther south iron proved greatest mineral resource midwest
thirds live mid western states live towns cities cities united states midwest chicago detroit cleveland top ten size automobiles trucks trains airplanes rush cities tangle superhighways crosses centers business tall buildings rise walling crowded streets buildings streets highways construction city place quiet parks museums libraries found city theaters restaurants cities problems buildings repaired replaced parts cities slums helping housing problems cities problems include keeping clean air water fighting crime disease neighborhoods meet help find answers problems prefer large city lately factories moved smaller towns opens jobs cities today highways trucking systems airlines railroads reach smaller cities midwest excellent transportation system farms worked entirely machinery persons operating tractors harvesting machines produce food
places west coastal cities california crowded states pacific coast counted number los suburbs miles lives wyoming average square mile california averages western states california large size densely populated nation total population greatest differences ways living western states differences population density live ranches city children miles school live city part united states plains east rockies roads run straight miles hills land gradual slope roads run straight desert areas homes trees person automobile sure let gas supply low towns water gas stations parts california town break especially true los largest city united states
south americans find living changing space age modern communication south americans aware ways living countries homes jobs food clothing south americans beginning demand reforms countries major problem poverty cities poor crowded slums observers think ready communism communists held power south american countries case cities lives need improved housing education health care government change tax systems shares cost improvements rural dweller prevented lack land land reform major social problem south american countries problem hundreds look chart page chart answer questions south american countries urban strong manufacturing depend agriculture economy produces money pictures show ways farming ways producing clothing show ways ways pictures suggest differences ways
south america start concentrate industrial growth mining ores countries metals lack transportation major drawback affecting south america industrial growth rivers provide water transportation rivers especially west navigable falls rapids south american nations need land transportation argentina country land suited highway railroad building countries high rugged mountains hot humid rain forests improvement land transportation difficult brazil building road rain forest try attract settlers large undeveloped area airlines ships needed transporting goods kinds transportation expensive nations able build largest nations brazil argentina making automobiles airplanes improvements transportation opening hotels south america able attract tourists discover south america place spend vacation thing needed aid industrial growth power source rivers waterfalls sources electric power countries money spend develop sources power
landforms western hemisphere frozen tundra canada desert southwestern united states rain forests amazon river plain mountains north south america kind land presents problems erosion wearing soil big problem crops grown places small valleys rain washes topsoil streams flow valleys prairies affected water erosion main problem wind erosion grass plowed soil protected forces erosion planting trees windbreaks helps stop erosion farmers leave stalks parts crops soil helps hold soil rain snow run sink soil mining operations damage land especially true open pit mining mineral uncovered scooped big holes ground topsoil holes covered rock laws require mining companies fill holes covered topsoil replanted native plants waterways early pathways waterways important means moving freight waterways supply water irrigation waterways electrical energy cities depend rivers lakes water supply
senator robert taft son william howard taft twenty seventh president united states born cincinnati ohio robert taft lawyer politician member republican party served ohio ohio house representatives ohio senate later united states senate greatest ambition follow footsteps father wanted president united states marks character taft senator honesty integrity strange characteristics white house practical politican tried politically wise conscience told conscience politically wise helped pass taft hartley act restrictions labor unions thought act needed labor unions strong leaders organized labor furious called taft reactionary means strongly opposed change liberalism senator taft conservative believed federal government provide financial aid areas economy supported federal aid health education housing
haymarket square located west side city chicago today square crossed modern expressway site worst disasters history american labor movement haymarket riot issue hour working workers country expected ten twelve hours union leaders demanding reduced thousands workers strike employers refused reduction worst disputes took place mc reaper plant chicago mc fired number joined union replaced nonunion workers hired pinkerton private detectives protect plant workers union workers grew violent attacked course clash striker killed injured beginning protest tragedy group workers met haymarket square night meeting organized group anarchists anarchists extremists forms government meeting protest treatment workers received employers police blamed police employers violence place plant speaker pointed law defended rights employer protect worker
seal united states official imprint impression government documents engraved metal disk think disk seal actually seal disk imprint disk pressed document seal government documents show approved proper authorities reason seal restricted law engraved disk lock key impressed document written order president united states seal country nearly country july declaration independence adopted continental congress congress appointed benjamin franklin thomas jefferson john adams find design government seal failed find design congress approve nearly spent search acceptable design design finally adopted continental congress june produced william barton charles thomson front side seal side documents central figure side seal american eagle claw eagle holds olive branch left claw holds thirteen arrows
june famous meeting took place field runnymede england meeting brought king john england group nobles john quarreling nobles popular king john unjust tyrannical raise money wars france doubled taxes nobles complained john refused listen later group nobles gained control london king began worry word meet field runnymede meeting john nobles discussed unpopular practices nobles wanted practices forbidden requests asked king promise longer force widows remarry nobles asked king change taxing methods important requests asked free guaranteed trial jury king john knew nobles wanted severely limit power choice agree demands directed official charter drawn document known magna carta latin means charter king john magna carta soon able pope declare invalid fortunately reissued john death
american history groups suffered injustice america early days white citizens citizenship extended children born america asian african parents parents coming united states asia africa allowed citizens laws asians africans remained war ii japanese living united states majority california nearly thirds native born citizens english speaking teens early twenties met kinds unfair treatment lived segregated neighborhoods jobs open farm laborers laborers domestic workers places allowed property war ii united states joined allies turned japanese americans japan enemy allied forces feared japanese americans citizens dangerous automatically side japan fear turned outright panic japan bombed pearl harbor surprise attack december evidence disloyalty japanese americans white americans especially west coast waged war suspicion hatred newspapers carried unfounded rumors columnist wrote herd em pack em give inside room badlands
order freedom exist side side balance easy achieve freedom begin lead disorder desire order begin restrict freedom conflicting rights met head chicago summer bad begin earlier important americans martin luther king jr senator robert kennedy killed assassins king assassination riots american cities including chicago incident students police clashed york columbia university saw growing conflict america involvement vietnam war americans opposed war supported america involvement nation split pro war war groups side suspicious angry violence conflict suspicion formed background happened chicago august national political conventions republicans met miami early august nominate richard nixon candidate presidency democrats turn delegates nation streamed chicago kind delegate arriving members number groups opposed governments vietnam policy wanted let democrats strongly felt
office vice president target jokes john adams united states vice president took office adams called insignificant office imagined grew regard vice presidency formality office responsibility power vice president powerful presidency vacant vice president duty assigned constitution presiding senate practice vice presidents powerful election taking office unofficially serve help president elected place vice presidential candidate ability balance ticket bring party divided nominating convention important qualifications president presidential candidate choice running mate help win election vice president chosen strength ability leader times country history presidency vacant country call vice president carry president job president harrison died tyler vice president succeed office presidency presidency vacant guidelines constitution general specific sure happen harrison death
constitution supreme law land means law conflicts constitution void unconstitutional constitution say decides law unconstitutional early american history opinion divided important issue thought branches government legislative executive judicial decide constitutionality actions thought supreme court highest court nation decide constitutionality law matter branch involved issue settled immediately authority supreme court increased person mainly responsible strengthening court john marshall marshall nation fourth chief justice supreme court served outstanding jurist vision important early case supreme court gained power marbury madison days president john adams left office number minute judicial appointments william marbury marbury appointed justices peace district columbia president thomas jefferson took office ordered secretary james madison deliver appointment marbury marbury sued madison marbury asked supreme court order madison deliver appointment
equal treatment law essential concept american justice americans dislike thought special privileges assume fellow citizens bound laws granted freedoms rights extent constitution supreme law land americans enjoy basic equality equality mean uniformity constitution claiming powers federal government clearly establishes rights states government laws differ sharply laws states states enact laws choose provided violate constitution states recognize honor laws americans bound laws states gambling illegal nevada law las vegas free gamble legally states laws relating things marriage divorce differences criminal procedures dramatic states criminals put death crimes states capital punishment illegal states establish uniform laws controls jersey york combined separate authorities form port york authority port authority manages harbor serves york jersey states agreements neighboring states police officers cross states lines hot pursuit fugitive
james earl carter small town georgia wanted called jimmy soft spoken southerner unknown american voters started campaigning presidency jimmy catchword gag writers cartoonists carter knew american voters distrustful politicians washington appealed concern calling trust honesty government offered plans reorganize federal government attacked government secrecy waste governor georgia quickly national figure hello jimmy carter running president democratic primary plains georgia farmer asked voter support talking reporters spring primaries carter factory shift lines shopping centers county courthouses farmers markets talk listen lot fifty candidate traveled miles campaigned win party nomination carter big money party bosses deep south part country elected president determined quick winning smile continued campaigning democratic opponents dropped race henry jackson george wallace finally hubert humphrey withdrew carter found voter support north midwest south labor unions blacks rural whites supported delegates southerner
encounter variety problem situations decisions actions vary according circumstances produced accident sudden illness number persons involved environment availability medical assistance emergency dressings equipment help need adapt learned situation hand improvise prompt action needed save times need haste efforts directed preventing injury obtaining assistance reassuring victim emotionally upset apprehensive pain aid begins action calming effect multiple injuries persons hurt priorities set enlist help bystanders telephone calls direct traffic distance position safety flares case highway accidents perform similar duties provide support victims threatening injuries care critical injuries telephone telephone authorities regarding accident police department highway patrol contact circumstances surrounding accident guide call list emergency numbers numbers readily ask telephone operator assistance describe problem request assistance needed ambulance rescue squad utility company personnel
beaverdam valley mountain folk gathered county fair zeke calloway held pumpkin decorated blue ribbon prize grinned triumphantly neighbor hank huggins reckon don grow pumpkins side mountain crowed law drawled hank known occasion stretch truth law bitty thing look peanut pumpkins patch mighty funny thing didn bring huge pumpkins fair sniggered zeke mighty funny tell truth aiming bring accident place morning broke plans kind accident asked zeke wife laid bring pumpkin pie fair early baking crust soon climbed mountain field pumpkins growing cornstalks course pumpkins big heavy carry set cut slab filling pie trouble pumpkins thick arm wasn reach inside juicy part bound part meant prize pie
cry brought excitement hearts young means assemble look exhibits trade goods livestock participate contests fun began cultivate land tame animals fairs popular events autumn harvest tribesmen hold celebrations thanksgiving eventually fairs held purpose carrying peaceful trade tribesmen war tribes declared truce fair ground regarded place holy believed gods punish fought cheated gradually villages larger cities built city inhabitants lived close easy meet religious holidays occasions honoring gods festival fairs held sold wares original olympic games held greek fair middle ages fairs common parts oldest fair ireland held burial ground fair began middle july continued late august outstanding athletes competed horseback riding running jumping spear throwing fairs germany amusements acrobatics fire eating tightrope dancing perfected
warm september signs fall leaves starting drop brown dry shriveled cocoons crunched underfoot jack pepper walked slowly street average size eleven straight hair medium brown eyes color stopped stroll took aim kicked leaf ball midafternoon sun shining brightly heat shoulders reminded jack beach turn corner blocks east dunes school started living thousand miles inland beach thought problems lie soft sand feeling grittiness toes listening sound ocean looked sky doctor ordered doctor giving orders jack pepper nearly rheumatic fever jack listening dr shell easy jack dr shell told patient dr shell re young strong doctor assured sure heart murmur clear give chance weeks endless care rest jack joints swollen painful dr shell repeating couple able
edward frost share problems didn solve biggest martin hastings bully barkham street martin older edward solution martin continue older hundred edward ninety edward feeling entirely safe fact enemy didn help edward martin lived door edward lived number barkham street martin lived number solution avoid enemy looked door looked window saw dad job alaska edward asked mother mrs frost didn look surprised question edward father couldn change job frost teacher university st louis alaska fun edward insisted hope bet lot room teachers bet need badly think dad want needed mrs frost sighed martin hastings edward nodded martin chased blocks edward absolutely exhausted fell martin sat top pulled hair uncle say uncle
southeast city nairobi past national park athi plain roadway touches kitui north side road lives group wakamba south live masai distinctive interesting folk story takes place land wakamba delicate feature skilled artistic carving wood noted spectacular dancing includes fantastic leaps air double somersaults live peacefully grassy pastures tending herds sowing fields serving distinction kenya army sunny drive road hundreds curious objects hanging trees look short logs suspended branches hollowed gum tree branches sisal stems lidded ends circular piece holes bored structures tied string middle string inserted branch wood crooked top fit tree limb turn gently wind beehives wakamba today love honey ago tell stories sweet animals humans passion
stories dragons found nearly part appearance temperament differ greatly read main types dragons dragon european literature evil looked huge scaly lizard wings seldom flew preferred haunt forests wells fountains places destroy cities fiery breath dragons supposed possess treasures jealously guarded ancient heroes fought dragons obtain wealth creature night european dragon symbol terror oriental dragon body longer head horselike whiskered ears horns change size oriental dragon symbol water according stories breath formed clouds fire monster climbed heavenward spring weight feet clouds caused rain lightning flashed dragon eyes wind resulted swift passing dragons fighting water air caused floods storms belief stories delayed scientific study weather centuries oriental dragons fearsome european friends teachers wise kings beasts possessed treasures generous visited dragon kings rich
separate classes willowbrook school depended matthew olds sister eights roosevelt nines tens elevens manowar showed class big boys girls twelve didn pupils rainy days roosevelt class wasn ready putting blackboard mrs dinwiddie showed privately fix left number shelf explained put underneath hold top set left number left number rest safe comfortable re waiting need roosevelt idea wonder didn think mrs dinwiddie stick look teachery young thing small cornsilk hair worn shoes spiky heels wouldn taller roosevelt sweater skirt sky blue pushing sweater sleeves elbows walked room high heels click click click floor knew looking
early explorations end century american continent vast untapped storehouse fertile fields forests northeast midwest gold silver mineral rich areas west early immigrants farmers hunters lumbermen america developed demand develop wealth nation grew demand spread non farming areas northeast demand cheap unskilled labor increased factory system developed irish italians took jobs large textile factories area slavic peoples worked iron steel mills western pennsylvania iron coal mines immigrants ethnic backgrounds large groups common traits customs helped dig canals build railroads connected commercial centers eastern seaboard wealthy businessmen period saw newly arrived immigrants source cheap labor businessmen agents europe recruit workers jobs factories agents course painted glowing picture america steamship companies aided recruitment schemes huge profits sale thousands tickets immigrants passage cheap immigrants person sail atlantic
hostility aliens limited action opposition groups united states government took steps groups aliens number arrivals increased civil war pressure restrictions greater beginning golden door slowly began close chinese exclusion act chinese immigration suspended provisions act later renewed restriction continued indefinitely recognition china partnership ally war ii law finally repealed chinese immigration permitted yearly quota set selective immigration laws tended aliens shipping companies built thriving business bringing immigrants america reduce unlimited flow aliens head tax brought shipping companies insane persons paupers criminals excluded laborers contracted stated period forbidden enter federal bureau immigration created enforce immigration laws period immigrants contagious diseases arriving shores examined point entry ellis island york found communicable diseases held quarantine law provided inspection immigrants point departure
colonial heritage based western european traditions endorsed idea women property involved politics need education equals result education girls limited training cooking sewing reading bible receiving moral upbringing disagreed ideas dealt harshly anne hutchinson religious liberal banished massachusetts challenging authority male church leaders women rights granted today permitted vote married property husbands controlled managed woman sue courts guardian children divorced deserted husband women permitted school elementary grades women legal rights argued slavery argued women rights felt slaves freed women battle hard leaders brave stubborn women opposed women families inexperienced education money despite handicaps founded organizations tried influence representatives congress legislatures states
supreme court hands decision unanimous majority vote justices decision justice agree majority decision write dissenting opinion dissent important part history supreme court justice brandeis justice holmes judges minority opinions highly respected known dissenters contributed stature court defense free speech hammer dagenhart court congress regulate child labor interstate commerce clause justice holmes dissented stating power regulate includes power prohibit congress regulate interstate commerce prohibit hammer decision reversed darby case opinion similar dissent fact holmes dissent mentioned darby case abrams united states supreme court ruled propaganda denouncing united states influence russian revolution purpose inciting revolution country prohibited justice holmes justice brandeis concurring dissented plea free trade ideas absolute protection constitutional command congress law abridging freedom speech gitlow york benjamin gitlow socialist indictment publishing left wing manifesto declared subversive publication
evening december boys ages joined action helped chart future course american economic system dressed tattered clothing wearing disguises boarded british ships boston harbor spent hours dumping chests tea sea event referred today boston tea party regarded historians event started american revolution colonists especially businessmen merchants protesting trade policies mother country britain prohibitions american manufacturing shipping restrictions increased taxation importation necessities angered point open defiance bostonians polluted boston waters defying british economic decisions imposition tax tea granting sole rights ship sell tea colonies east india company awarding sole distribute tea colonies merchants selected east india company essence colonists protesting mother country basic economic decisions desire colonists economic decisions live free enterprise system apparent framed post independence constitution government granted economic powers
international trade local industry grew colonies prospered young industries grew trade increased goods money circulated colonies making independent britain british mercantilism tended slow colonial economy colonists found ways meet british demands increase industry commerce colonies rich fertile land yielded plentiful raw materials colonies produced products needed britain europe tobacco rice indigo lumber iron wheat corn furs fish products served raw material base growing colonial industries export base colonial trade harbors york boston charleston ports goods exported colonial industry grew american colonists produced goods competed profitably market british manufactured goods english writer inhabitants colonies things export manufactures exclusion english manufactures kind cotton spun clothes neighbors hats manufactured carolina pennsylvania soap candles kinds woodwork northern colonies exported southern colonies large quantities shoes lately exported west india islands effort colonies dependent britain parliament passed navigation act forbade colonies export enumerated goods sugar tobacco cotton wool country britain
early major labor organizations influenced lives americans ways unions disappeared grown larger stronger knights labor founded philadelphia garment worker uriah stephens secret society membership male female whites blacks skilled semi skilled reached addition demanding hour knights labor fought higher wages improved working conditions fought arbitrate labor disputes equal pay sexes elimination child labor laws protect workers health safety prestige membership knights labor declined skilled workers resented fact unskilled workers running union newly formed craft union american federation labor afl cutting membership public opinion beginning turn knights called anarchists suspected hand bloody haymarket riot chicago experiment cooperatively owned plants plants owned workers employers failure businesses failed unions lost large sums money strikes unsuccessful membership fallen western federation miners american labor union socialist labor party met chicago formed industrial workers iww
american economic system compare britain soviet union economic evolution britain turns united states timetable major moves farther laissez faire principle comparing economic system british noted countries entered industrial age laissez faire philosophy advocated scottish economist adam smith book wealth nations period government allowed business expand intervention competition control period demands reformers america britain similar chartist movement britain roughly paralleled age jackson america chartist movement charter presented parliament signatures workers dissatisfied reform bill give vote workers wanted charter give universal manhood suffrage vote secret ballot removal property qualifications membership house commons payment salaries members parliament movement failed aims chartists achieved america age jackson called reforms called abolition religious property qualifications voting women suffrage voting reforms
president thomas jefferson inaugural address proclaimed favored honest friendship nations entangling alliances jefferson tried avoid involvement european wars growing strength napoleon jefferson desire neutrality grew stronger war impressment american seamen british american ships stopped sailors forcibly removed british interference american commerce addition economic warfare going napoleon france britain found united states leading neutral nation involved american ships stopped ships nations cargoes seized british canada stirred indians pushed lands increasing numbers western settlers indian uprising chief tecumseh put tippecanoe general william harrison war activities war hawks wanted war lack fast communication europe war hawks group young congressmen led john calhoun south henry clay west hawks felt war britain united states easily canada florida persuaded newly elected president madison plans slow communications britain united states congress learn british withdrawn orders council congress declaring war
europe engaged war japan presented list twenty demands chinese republican government demands concerned primarily japanese claims chinese territory united states britain exerted pressure japan japanese withdrew demands kuomintang peoples party sun set government canton controlled southern provinces warlords controlled parts china sun died generalissimo chiang leader began program economic development china worldwide depression halted program japan hard hit nations sought source cheap raw materials enable build foreign trade japanese invaded manchuria claiming china order chinese fought war china japan spread parts china communist movement china began early outgrowth government corruption chaotic economic political social conditions nation result communists gained strength won large number peasants promised economic reforms chiang outlawed communist party immediately underground secretly agitated government facing loss china japanese nationalists communists declared truce fight common enemy japan
end war ii closed unique era history period unity leading communist democratic forces fascism close ties existed wartime allies britain soviet union united states soon dissolved atmosphere fear suspicion shortly war russians took hard line solidify position eastern europe objections western powers marked beginning cold war cold war fought weapons propaganda alliances military aid threatened nations arms race free communist began crises iran greece turkey berlin korea vietnam threatened change cold war hot occasion periods cooperation achieved soviet union tried gain control oil rich iran iranians protested threatened force british american troops russians occupied country war ii pulled soviet union difficulty communizing countries eastern europe occupied close war soviet union took czechoslovakia democratic means attempt seize greece turkey support communist inspired revolts course soviet attempts aid guerrilla forces greece turkey raised tensions east west
education beginning sort american obsession colonists brought respect education massachusetts colony adopted law ordering town families support taxes elementary school towns families maintain latin grammar school towns obey order schools public free pupils pay southern colonies distances farms plantations regular school system impossible boys wealthy parents tutored home private instructors private schools south book learning girls entirely neglected schooling consisted mainly reading counting grammar schools boys prepared college taught greek latin mathematics religion higher education limited chief purpose founding college colonial period prepare young ministry harvard american college organized william mary founded yale revolutonary war fourteen colleges established religious orders liberal pre revolutionary colleges university pennsylvania benjamin franklin influence curriculum included addition classical subjects courses geography government modern languages history sciences
small dutch ship half moon investigated waters york harbor hudson river explorations crew ship land waters rich fur bearing animals small dutch trading posts built albany manhattan island trade fur pelts indians today largest ships dock york harbor goods bring shipped part united states goods carry parts york states superb natural harbors surrounding york city important colonial shipping centers industries based shipping trade flourished grew ships brought goods brought millions immigrants introduced america port york moved westward early lacking additional travel funds remained york city seeking jobs industries increasing numbers created need services generated jobs encouraging remain york city completion erie canal cities began grow gateway west industry spread cities cheap transportation provide port york western farmers
executive branch important officers lieutenant governor serves term presiding officer senate takes place governor event death disability resignation absence comptroller chief fiscal officer serves term comptroller heads department audit control supervises spending funds collection revenues attorney general chief legal officer heads department law serves advises legal matters prosecutes criminal violation laws advisory opinions proposed amendments constitution system evolved orderly exercise governor supervisory duties primary vehicle cabinet consists lieutenant governor secretary governor key staff members heads department cabinet level agencies cabinet meets regularly discuss ideas programs meetings governor maintains contact cabinet officers expressing ideas instructions personally members staff addition matter busy important affairs governor expected devote part ceremonial duties governorship york special advantages executive positions provide administration large geographic area
york comprehensive program protect workers protection includes administration minimum wage program collection workers unpaid wages safety health programs workmen compensation disability benefits minimum wage legislation york generally follows federal minimum wage rates addition separate minimum wage orders issued industrial commissioner industries retail trade restaurants building service protected coverage minimum wage orders spell provisions overtime pay allowances tips details vary industry workers exempt coverage including domestic farm government workers professionals executives salesmen labor standards division responsibility collect millions dollars unpaid wages workers results enforcement minimum wage standards enforcement legal requirement workers paid fully promptly wages due staff division makes inspections check compliance follows complaints received labor standards division carries programs licenses regulates employment agencies exception york city law sets maximum agency charge services special protection domestic workers recruited enforces laws regulating hours especially minors women enforces child labor laws division issue working papers local school officials
think animal freshwater hydra hydra line thick needle bottom end hydra sticks plants stones water hydras grow aquarium water plants snails fishes lens easy armlike tentacles hydra catches small animals feeds tiny water flea brushed tentacles hydra flea stops suddenly paralyzed stung poison hydra tentacles tentacles pull flea hydra mouth tentacles sweep flea inside hydra hydra digests flea scientists names happens kind situation touch flea tentacles called stimulus stimulus results kind activity living thing stimulus makes knee jerk activity follows stimulus response response reaction living thing stimulus hydra response stimulus touch tentacles response stimulus tap knee water flea touches hydra tentacles hydra responds series acts
blink times today heart beat thousands times breathed thousands times aware blinking beating breathing perform act thinking act automatic beating heart automatic act blinking automatic act breathing yawning sneezing coughing automatic acts acts reflexes reflexes automatic acts mean automatic acts reflexes instance remember tying shoelaces morning remember tie shoelaces think tying shoelaces automatic act tying shoelaces reflex think moment tie shoelaces birth course tying shoelace inborn reflex automatic tying shoelace learned automatic act think hang coat hanger learned automatic act kind act learned automatic act habit tying shoelaces simple habit difference reflex habit reflex inborn automatic act habit learned automatic act simple habits important thing save
noticed word investigation book describe kinds activities kind called apprentice investigation purpose apprentice investigation gather evidence help probe concept learn called processes scientist called methods intelligence notice investigations needed things control variables observe measure record interpret hypothesize predict methods intelligence find apprentice investigation ends section called methods intelligence word apprentice means search meaning help understand methods intelligence differs apprentice investigation kind investigation search search processes scientist difference search choose methods intelligence surprised find word experiment book experiment special investigation outcome unknown times searches experiments investigations searches want things investigates subject find known
bacteria tiny plant organisms chlorophyll chlorophyll green substance green plants recall green plants chlorophyll food bacteria chlorophyll food bacteria food living things bacteria organisms living things organisms protection bacterium tough wall protects inside organism expect opening wall mouth food opening bacterium food nongreen organism give clue seen molds grow decaying bread fruit molds tiny plants bacteria chlorophyll food plants animals recall read molds unit investigation happens bread bread mold grows mold grows bread mold mold bread food mold grows bread disappears grow mold needs source food moisture warm temperature needs mold needs bacteria petri dish microscope mold tiny threads
enemy story virus bacterium surely cold body attacked viruses virus smaller bacterium viruses small live inside bacteria bacteria ordinary microscope viruses viruses small seen special kind microscope electron microscope invented picture electron microscope rod shaped bacterium looks large ball shaped viruses virus enemy story virus disease known polio look picture villain polio virus enters human body multiplies rapidly large numbers viruses attack nerves lead muscles recall nerves carry messages impulses muscles brain spinal cord polio virus injure nerves impulses reach muscles happens muscles move compare picture healthy nerve cell injured polio virus injured nerve cell carry impulses result muscles properly paralyzed muscles paralyzed useless polio virus attacks young especially franklin roosevelt president united states crippled polio young
drink water worried getting diseases bacteria water problem diseases carried water killed diseases cholera typhoid safe drinking water granted cities water safe drink glass water starts clouds falls rain rain soaks ground rainwater runs ground slopes mountains lakes streams rain falls directly lakes streams water collected lakes streams fill reservoirs reservoirs large lakes storing water water large cities collected reservoirs reservoir holds water big city newark jersey reservoir located clean surroundings city water free garbage sewage wastes factories words water reservoir polluted polluted water city factories homes reservoir picture opposite reservoir northwest jersey kilometers city newark conditions lake water completely free impurities water picks dirt bacteria travels reservoir dirt removed harmful bacteria destroyed water safe drink boiling ten minutes
scientists learn investigate mendel written pea plant experiments thought genes dominant recessive tallness garden peas dominant shortness red flowering garden pea plants dominant white flowering black fur guinea pigs dominant gray fur pure black guinea pigs crossed pure gray offspring black chickens red feathers dominant white feathers color offspring pure red feathered roosters pure white feathered hens red course clear german scientist carl correns began studying common garden flower interested traits clocks inherited correns started growing crossing pure red pure white clocks results expected pure red pea plants crossed pure white offspring red correns crossed pure red clocks pure white plants offspring red white offspring pink explain correns results obviously genes dominant recessive genes act produce blend trait clocks gene red acts gene white produce pink flowers correns discovered blend flower colors let review facts
suppose rancher herd hereford cattle white faced red coated cattle bred beef want improve herefords bull calf born ranch grows notice bull herd white faced red coat herefords horns short horned truly hornless polled cattlemen say prize polled cattle horns cattle mean trouble cattle rancher suspect polled bull mutant genes shorthorned changed genes hornless gene mutated look offspring animal think mutant gene changed mutation show offspring ago rancher iowa find prize mutant born ranch polled hereford bull wanted build entire herd polled cattle polled bull wanted raise entire herd decided help letters ranchers raising herefords letters asked ranchers polled cattle breeding
plant seed oak tree acorn environment roots stem leaves develop plant grow full height depends kind soil minerals soil depends plant water sunlight growth words growth plant depends environment plant oak tree kind tree depends chromosomes cells chromosomes pass plant special traits chromosomes set shape leaves color bark chromosomes carry dna code dna code determines traits plant grown traits develop plant development environment plays part leaves tree shapes sassafras tree leaves large small deep green light green leaves depending soil water sunlight trees true parts tree size shape color characteristics tree trunk branches roots depend heredity environment understanding concepts heredity environment organism product heredity environment develops
lines force magnet deal making electric current coil wire turns wire moved lines force electrons wire push wire words electrons path move flow electric current produced notice happens wire cuts lines force wire moves lines force crossing electrons shove wire moving lines force cut electrons pushed picture happening magnet pushed coil wire lines force magnet cut wire electrons flowed coil galvanometer coil matter lines force cut moving magnet moving coil generate electric current cut lines force magnet wire recall investigation showed stronger magnet stronger current produced stronger magnet lines force lines force cut wire stronger current
happens stream electrons flows electric bell look diagram left switch closed stream electrons moves dry cells wire coil shown red arrows trace path current find contact point passes current passes circuit coil coil electromagnet clapper pulled electromagnet strikes bell clapper moves electromagnet moves contact point contact broken shown diagram path current travel current stops coil stops electromagnet stops attracting clapper clapper springs coil hits contact point soon clapper touches contact point current flows coil electromagnet diagram electromagnet attracts clapper clapper pulled rings bell breaks contact clapper swings happens simple electric motor switch closed current flow part called armature spins top makes spin answer look parts motor electric current flows dry cell metal strips called brushes current flows brush contacts armature
push key contact points touch electrons flow dry cells sounder key current goes coils wire sounder dry cells happens coils electromagnets electromagnets attract iron cross piece attached sounder sounder pulled quickly end sounder hits frame loud click lift finger key key springs electric current stops coils longer electromagnets sounder bar springs making loud clack pushing key makes sounder click letting key makes sounder clack click clack send messages code telegraph invented horseback fastest sending message distance telegraph improvement soon cities towns linked telegraph lines job telegraph operator looked glamorous exciting young thomas edison famous inventor edison improved telegraph including edison wondered send spoken message wires young named alexander graham bell answer invention modern telephone bell trying invent sending telegraph messages telegraph line
star sun kind lasting nuclear reactor hydrogen changing helium matter changing energy temperature surface fiery reactor degrees celsius degrees fahrenheit earth temperature million miles sun matter hydrogen helium clue answer heat paperclip flame straighten paperclip hold end wire pliers heat end gas flame metal hot happens color dull red bright red flame hot metal bright red white hot temperature color extremely hot object solid liquid oddly object matter color means temperature astronomers find temperature star finding color find temperature star looking spectrum light star astronomers help spectroscope instrument examining light main part spectroscope prism prism separates light bands colors spectrum notice white light entering spectroscope separated bands color
gas compressed atoms molecules pushed closer bounce greater energy move faster words heat energy increases temperature gas rises hydrogen inside star helium produced pressure star greater atoms helium pushed closer bounce greater energy pressure builds temperature rises million degrees million degrees helium core helium atoms begin fuse form nuclei heavier elements original hydrogen star star explodes flares brilliant light nova extremely brilliant nova supernova spectacular behavior stars hold answer real puzzle elements heavier hydrogen helium formed natural elements earth elements oxygen nitrogen iron sulfur uranium scientists looking explanation elements experiments provided clue scientists kinds atoms bombarded known atoms atomic bullets create atoms plutonium elements plutonium fuel nuclear reactor natural elements formed bombarded atomic bullets
chromosomes play part growth living things scientists beginning understand code chromosomes scientists predict kind offspring born dna molecules chromosomes carry hereditary code organism evidence dna change radiation change study code improve food supply breeding desirable traits provide organisms environment grow traits affected dna develop fullest poor environment block development traits living thing food air water environment learned living things exchange matter energy environment learned predict living things heredity environment begun understand concept organisms product heredity environment acting environment part ecosystem living things ecosystem nature balance ecosystem grasses turn energy sun grass young zebras turn extra grass zebra tissue adult zebras mate produce young
rocket fuel carry rocket space enter spacecraft top rocket fasten wait countdown goes moment comes liftoff roar rocket mount trackless space suppose watching liftoff countdown started days weeks countdown means liftoff part rocket spacecraft checked finally scientists engineers sure part works say countdown started ago began understand bodies move space ago young named isaac newton noticed apple fall ground story goes course newton seen apples fall trees apple think apples sticks leaves stones things behave fall newton explanation simple later astonishing result force push pull acting apples pulled apple center earth called force force gravitation
read sitting experience remain rest chair stay chair force exert applies things rest tend remain rest experience fact known thousands think experience moving car car stops suddenly happens going straight ahead brought sudden stop safety belt bowling ball tends going stopped end alley words objects motion tend moving concept easy concept object rest tends stay rest italian scientist named galileo put ideas galileo object tends remain rest inertia object begins move tends remain motion inertia inertia word refers fact objects tend resist change newton summed things behave rest motion laws motion object rest remains rest object motion continues motion straight line acted unbalanced force law called law inertia
scientists sun planets formed tiny part universe model sun place space hard pour water pan sprinkle pepper water finger start water circling kind whirlpool specks pepper sink surface finger whirling cloud circling specks pepper flat pancake shaped spinning cloud imagination change pan peppered water model part universe imagine speck pepper star specks whirling cloud stars spinning center observe specks move cloud stars photographed powerful telescope cloud stars spinning space center specks pepper call spinning group stars galaxy galaxy picture trillions miles live galaxy seen star sun stars galaxy astronomers able figure galaxy look distance notice thicker middle edges sun yellow dot edge stars galaxy thousands millions sun sun planets solar system
happened quiet mexican town called paricutin farmer saw smoke coming cornfield hurried opening ground steam hot gases ashes molten rock poured opening building mound grew higher higher paricutin volcano born volcano forms rock earth crust molten heat crust melted rock mixed melted rock large amounts hot gases gases pressure pressure hot gases melted rock burst earth hard crust river molten rock flows ground destroying lies molten rock earth called lava lava cover land miles volcano lava ashes pour volcano adding layer layer cooling hardening cone shaped mountain notice crater opening volcano top lassen peak california formed volcano lassen peak active pour lava crater lassen peak rumbling sounds ixtaccihuatl volcano mexico ixtaccihuatl longer fierce volcano alaska number volcanoes active rumble dangerous present short ago volcanoes burst chile
robert louis stevenson wrote famous story treasure island boy jim hawkins pirate john silver search treasure island find bars gold heaps coins treasure don truth earth crust treasure crust gold silver copper aluminum iron making steel materials crust substances soil plants animals live coal oil natural gas earth crust earth crust substances need living greater treasure substances treasure called minerals minerals elements compounds part earth crust gold mineral salt found crust earth rocks minerals fact rocks identified minerals magma flows volcano called lava kind lava rock hawaiian pahoehoe course magma lava stays surface magma cools hardens forms rock rock kind granite formed magma surface rock formed cooling hardening fire hot magma called igneous rock igneous means formed fire pahoehoe igneous rock cooled hardened surface granite igneous rock cooled hardened surface kinds rock formed hot magma think scientists agree igneous rocks granites magma
rocks brought moon valuable rocks scientists want rocks moon thing rocks moon provide evidence theory moon built structure remember scientists build theories explain facts scientists theory inside earth hot call hot earth theory theory supported facts volcano erupts lava flows break earth crust lava hot melted rock kinds rocks show formed high heat deep earth fire formed igneous rocks moon earth hot inside find theories writings scientists theory hot moon theory cold moon theory says moon hot inside evidence hot moon theory volcano opening called crater top craters moon craters remains volcanoes craters earth
nearly half earth crust oxygen oxygen gas earth crust solid explain large amount oxygen earth crust recall oxygen combines readily elements form oxides instance iron oxygen combine form iron oxide rust solid aluminum oxygen combine form aluminum oxide solid deal silicon dioxide crust fact dug shovelfuls sand silicon dioxide oxygen active substance combines readily substances oxygen mainly found elements compounds won find lumps pure iron pure aluminum crust earth find iron aluminum compounds elements combined elements especially oxygen chemists studied elements compounds waters earth rivers lakes oceans common element oxygen table shows times oxygen elements waters combined oxygen held waters oceans lakes oxygen combined hydrogen makes oxide hydrogen hydrogen oxide course compound known water
light reflected light travels straight path white light colored light light invisible facts scientists explain facts scientists theory explain light behaves theory explanations explanation works drop pebble water watch wave makes wave spreads surface water directions growing circle wave travels speed fades energy carried surface water stick slowly dip end water makes parade waves wave follows water speed suppose dip stick steady rhythm find waves follow distance try notice top part crest wave distance crest crest wave called wavelength suppose dip stick steady rhythm waves wavelength suppose dip stick quickly wavelengths move water quickly move speed difference waves closer words wavelength shorter waves wavelengths bathtub
light strikes selenium electrons jump weaker light fewer electrons leave fact light weak electron jumps shouldn happen light wave wave weak light electron jump wave light energy energy wave spread particle speck single electron jump particle energy bunched concentrated tiny bullet light energy concentrated light behave particles particles separated waves remember explain electron jumps selenium explanation light needed wave explanation thinking light waves explain selenium acts light shines light behave waves thinking light particles mean light tiny specks particles energy according explanation happens turn lamp tiny particles light fly lamp directions numbers according explanation light particles happens point flashlight turn squirt stream particles person waves evidence favor particle nature light science study light
knows happens lump sugar bottom glass water sugar dissolves water realizes happens sugar dissolves spreads water stirring needed sugar spread bit water substance spreads say substance diffuses sugar diffuses water oxygen diffuses water carbon dioxide diffuses water fact substance dissolves liquid diffuse liquid iodine diffused water investigation model cell iodine spread parts water jar iodine dissolves water expect happened starch inside model cell membrane turned blue evidence shows iodine diffused membrane iodine diffused plastic membrane membrane scientists discovered investigation substances dissolve pass membranes oxygen dissolves water oxygen diffuses easily cell membrane carbon dioxide dissolves water diffuses easily cell membrane
walk woods small covered plastic jar stream pond scoop water water plants mud bring jar class place room temperature sun add water bit hard boiled egg yolk size pea add grains rice bacteria tiny plantlike organisms substances grow reproduce bacteria food celled animals live ponds pond water jar fairly clear days food added water cloudy bacteria soon water swarm tiny animals large eye look amazing drop pond water drop spread larger dime dozens animals scurrying feeding reproducing paramecium shaped slipper twists turns darts place place tremendous speed moves waving hairlike structures body hairlike structures cilia cilia push water oars steer bits food paramecium mouth ameba cilia
early spring robins build nests male robin female robin collect twigs mud build nest shaped bowl birds build kinds nests robin builds robin nest oriole eagle nest nest female robin lays blue eggs robin egg developing warm protected parents happens frog eggs frogs protect eggs egg cells divide develop water eggs young eaten animals frog cold blooded animal temperature nearly temperature surroundings frog egg develop water temperature temperature freeze kill frogs eggs bird warm blooded animal body temperature degrees warmer eggs fairly temperature robin sitting eggs supplies warmth young birds developing inside eggs seen male robin standing guard female sits eggs chase birds animals try catch mother bird eat eggs robin eggs chance hatching eggs frog protected parents
let dawn horse dinosaurs let study ancient waters teemed kind waters scientists put picture ancient waters sedimentary rocks fossils found early living things dwelt waters looked single celled animals plants cod salmon porpoises whales simple single celled living things swarmed warm waters simple single celled animals larger celled animals seas held single celled living things celled living things sponges jellyfish kinds wormlike animals animals backbones invertebrates strange animal longer trilobite trilobite invertebrate spite bony appearance fossils ancient waters crowded trilobites scientists believe ancient sedimentary rock layers fossils trilobites
mammals look don exactly idea based fossil evidence discovered rocks early mammals fur hair mammals evidence suggests small animals shrews today shrew mouselike mammal pointed snout early mammals laid eggs duckbilled platypus duckbill lives australia lays eggs shells young duckbill hatch eggs fed strange milk mother recognize milk thin white egg duckbill part reptile say egg laying mammal changed millions eggs reptiles ago hatched reptiles body eggs reptiles living eggs eaten animals eggs dried heat froze cold eggs reptiles exposed dangers eggs mammals protected inside mother body mammals adapted living land word adapt mean adapt means change part body increase chance living changing environment suppose living thing greater chance living change body
added story changing earth evidence scientists think earth ball hot matter revolving sun ball cooled mixture gases surrounded cooled water vapor atmosphere cooled began rain rain thousands scientists think early oceans volcano volcano burst young earth melted rock bubbling surface crust slowly cooled rock began weather break erosion began weathered rock carried ocean sedimentary rocks began form earth slowly sediment streamed ocean form rock rock layers thicker thicker heavier heavier pressing material beneath later earth crust heaved raised areas worn things going sedimentary layers pressing pressure slowly grows earth crust pushed places earthquakes volcanoes show earth changing erosion cutting mountains building land earth young planet think
martin lives york city central park walking poodle park feather floated sky landed left shoulder odd looking feather martin decided find find black sea gull feather white triangle middle central park advice fred elevator operator martin sought chinese magician wou chiang wou chiang whispered yes wou chiang boy martin answered strange feather found central park fred told help fred friends friends wou chiang asked closer don shy added showed wou chiang black feather white triangle ah wou chiang silent asked closer sit low stool lucky boy martin asked chosen acquire supernatural powers black feather envy martin knew past found black feather white triangle lying ground floating water
beaverdam valley mountain folk gathered county fair zeke calloway held pumpkin decorated blue ribbon prize grinned triumphantly neighbor hank huggins reckon don grow pumpkins side mountain crowed law drawled hank known occasion stretch truth law bitty thing look peanut pumpkins patch mighty funny thing didn bring huge pumpkins fair sniggered zeke mighty funny tell truth aiming bring accident place morning broke plans kind accident asked zeke wife laid bring pumpkin pie fair early baking crust soon climbed mountain field pumpkins growing cornstalks course pumpkins big heavy carry set cut slab filling pie trouble pumpkins thick arm wasn reach inside juicy part bound part meant prize pie
huge stadium cab screeched halt girl jumped pushed crowd dashed locker room moments later took place field girls loudspeaker blared welcome national track field championship meet announcer began calling names teams competing newcomer looked hundred girls thought lot competition mildred babe didrikson glad part knew winners places united olympic team goal illinois women athletic club announcer called twenty girls ran track babe ran hand ruffled hair wow whispered girl lot team rest girl asked babe answered mean re going try compete girl looked babe astonishment going try determination showed babe face going win didn texas illinois lose sound pretty sure texas girl grinned wryly turned babe frowned course girl look offended true going win say
remember martin found edward frost pain pest pleasant put nail shoe guy parents forever fussing taking picnics zoo turning school assemblies parents nights guy mother ran father seen pitching ball night night week week birdbrain finally learned bat guy didn brother sister troubles martin thing edward didn wanted awful martin edward didn dog nuisance lately calling names running home safe martin able edward run say uncle cry times managed edward kid cry martin couldn understand awful times feel watching angry tears streak face front sort relaxed proud sort show didn exactly feel begin shaky walk fast
grandfather gifford looked road father blacksmith shop seeing sitting bench door find found thick bushy eyebrows bright blue eyes clothes leather creaked rattled moved side partly open pack grandfather curious tools sheets shiny tin knew traveling tinker mend leaky pans pails heard mother speak eating luncheon slice bread bit meat cold potato poor luncheon grandfather house brought big apples cellar thanked ate apples brushed bread crumbs leather breeches taking tin dipper pack brook drink water fill bench sat boy tree grow brook shade tree cried grandfather tree thought god trees
stood huge bird david zoo home book birds colored pictures knew common large birds eagles cranes storks bird shape eagle stouter neck length curve swan neck head eagle hooked bird prey beak expression brown eyes mild wings blunt tips tail short broad legs feathered halfway ended clawed feet feathers sparkled reflecting sunlight scarlet crest golden neck breast silver bright blue wings tail size david breath stood beneath curve neck room spare astonishing thing bird open book ground apparently trying learn part heart vivo vives vive bird read slowly distinctly staring hard book vivimos vivis viven simple blockhead looking cleared throat looked book repeated rapid mutter vivo vives vive vi ah dear matter temptation peek overcame instant head wavered
illness remembered words learned early months word water continued sound word speech lost ceased making sound wah wah learned spell word hands felt object observed motion learned things soon felt need communication began crude signs shake head meant nod yes pull meant push bread wanted imitate acts cutting slices buttering wanted mother ice cream dinner sign working freezer shivered indicating cold mother succeeded making understand deal knew wished bring run upstairs owe loving wisdom bright night understood deal going learned fold put clean clothes brought laundry distinguished rest knew mother aunt dressed going invariably begged
dog dog love dog dog dog dog silent empty countryside houses dog crumbs cleaned bones pick houses dog dog afraid scared whip tailed cur stray born stray clung small area countryside miles town furtive hidden wild animal houses houses afraid afraid dog fields wood lots fence rows hedgerows shadows wood lots shadowy dark hiding places lurking places dog live unseen fence rows hedgerows weedy thorny deep secret traveling avenues dog move unnoticed unseen dogs countryside hunger drove dog scattered houses night night midnight light houses rounds
dog sat shivering wood lot night wind sighing pines creek rustled night deep branched pines dog sat sorrowing dog dead enameled food pan cleaned happiness security regular food miserably stretched throat rose thin piercing whine sang head low pines unloved empty stop hunger loneliness fear memory dog memory began fear memory born stray stray immediately fear frightened bewilderment begun began cold moment hands lifted warm nest puppy brothers snuggled warm body mother hands lifted replace nest dim puppy sight miles mother puppy nest moment lifted stayed air hands carried excited voices faint warm odor mother left smell house born
night mrs thwickle turned corner street house stood greet hurried house find trouble trouble big hole house stood mrs thwickle upset nearly cried street corner block looked doorways alleys called leonore rita theodore nesselrode wolfgang matilda disappeared morning mrs thwickle looking cats walked downtown york calling cats order offended cats seen mrs thwickle sad happening moment miles midtown manhattan morning rush hour avenue madison avenue park avenue avenues streets cars cabs buses nudging honking horns racing motors thousands thousands hurried subway stations buildings streets cars buses cabs
air hung hot humid town rochester minnesota evening august breeze stirred trees overhead dirty black clouds rolled violently hold breath minute expected happen eerie stillness heard clip clop horses hooves buggy pulled front drugstore charlie mayo door climbed buggy sat older brother looks bad weather charlie brother um soon charlie glanced threatening sky going slaughter house tonight hurry storm hits need sheep head practice eye operations giddap jerked reins finishing medical school home rochester help father medical practice called dr distinguish father dr mayo townspeople believe boy watched grow capable doctor asked older mayo young doctor knew gain confidence wanted eye specialist studied eye medical school operated knew needed practice
sunday melindy headache bed morning ready school sneezed times straight stopping melindy grandmother put hand melindy head don think school today gran melindy ago melindy missed single school extra proud school record grandmother knew proud melindy school record knew monday melindy music lesson miss krumm shouldn let grandmother soon melindy heard grandmother shouldn let course knew grandmother put hat coat kissed grandmother nose school melindy school felt funny couldn pay attention miss johnson mixed numbers worse thought miss johnson looking kind peculiar afternoon head began hurt children march assembly room miss johnson melindy put hand melindy head think re sick want home
david twin brother start journals today plan tell happens schoolmaster meyer thinks idea meyer school held small room mrs ryan rooming house ten pupils school morning talked fighting colonists english soldiers meyer says colonies soon independent england mother heard comments market morning strange soon celebrating thanksgiving philadelphia parts colonies fighting english begin journal telling family twin sister named margaret older brother named jonathan younger sisters named jemima anne father silas west cobbler mother mistress prudence west takes care house helps father business live rooms west cobbler shop market street fourth streets shop sign hanging door sell sign boot pair shoes shops market street signs showing sell read thanksgiving clock today
thing salt boy wanted father give asking salt boy thought father morning asked trees getting wood mother fire saw father coming rope begin training black horse heart began jump funny grasshopper bent tree stand black horse watch father threw rope black horse eating grass salt boy father walked quietly black horse didn hear suddenly ears head began dance backwards walking quietly salt boy father threw rope sound high black horse ears slid easily neck black horse stood surprised shook head fly bothered keeping rope tight salt boy father close black horse talked stroked kindness untied rope let black horse salt boy father hiding face wood arms father teach rope black horse answering father started hogan salt boy
morning ago thomas jefferson climbed horse drawn buggy left fine house virginia traveling nation capital washington served president united states summer morning quiet clip clop horse trotting country road jefferson frowned sound hoofbeats tell wrong horse limping slightly easy molly called mare soothing voice shoe town horse moved jefferson hear tinkle bell attached buggy wheel measuring distance wheel smaller wheels buggy turned hundred times bell rang ten rings bell traveler knew covered exactly mile jefferson patriot scientist inventor liked things hands greatest wish solve puzzling problems faced young united states problem jefferson solved troublesome matter america coins nation lands brought kinds money coins bought sold goods received wages paid debts
consuelo garcia sat edge bed practicing magic coin trick knew easy fool fast hand tricks magic guess real magicians hiding coins things tricks suddenly consuelo heard mother voice stop stop thief give pin consuelo dropped coins looked window saw running front steps mother close chasing slowed bend scoop fat bulldog sitting bottom steps help help mrs garcia fast pursuit neighbors running houses commotion started chasing stumbled dropped dog ran nearby alley consuelo cousin officer rios neighbors rushed alley consuelo knew catch knew live neighborhood known alley dead end shouts cheers alley officer rios led alley read rights snapped handcuffs don worry mrs garcia pin station call police cars
earth planet live heat light sun earth spins space earth looks space spacemen look earth earth round ball round ball called sphere earth sphere globe small model earth globe shaped round earth sphere earth globes maps show earth looks say globe mean round map say map mean flat map globe round map earth correct type map earth map shows part drawn flat surface earth land water look globe map page show land water land water globe map show greater amount land water water land earth fourth earth covered land fourths earth covered water maps show glance maps easier read globes maps carried printed book
north means north pole south means south pole direction north easily find directions south opposite direction north east north west left north globe shaped sphere cut globe half equal parts part half sphere half sphere called hemisphere imaginary believe line divide earth equal parts line called equator half earth divided equator called hemisphere hemisphere lies north equator north pole called northern hemisphere hemisphere lies south equator south pole think called divide earth imaginary line line run north south half earth east line eastern hemisphere look picture globe page lines suppose point marked describe location help find needed help hard imaginary lines help
look pictures map globe page notice imaginary lines drawn north pole south pole imaginary lines called north south direction lines remember line numbered east west lines called equator line north south lines special called prime meridian prime meridian imaginary north south line runs england north south lines numbered east prime meridian numbered west prime meridian learned globes maps kinds direction lines east west north south lines place lines globe map grid grid globe map kinds direction lines look pictures globe map page place finger continent africa look island greenland map left compare eastern half canada united states map picture shows areas look globe greenland larger globe map maps show change distort shape areas
settlers carried extra crops wagons nearby rivers crops riverboats boats sailed river markets cities river crops sold money city markets later railroads built towns cities grew railroads farmers took extra crops railroad towns sold bought crops faraway cities put crops railroads railroads transported moved cities united states railroads brought goods cities prairie towns brought clothing tools nails lumber bricks things stores opened towns railroads storekeepers sold goods farmers early settlers raised food later began raising food needed extra wheat corn extra farm animals farmers food needed things needed plows farm tools farmers needed clothing goods goods produced towns cities farmers raising food city needed towns cities making goods farmers needed needed exchange money exchange farmers sold extra crops animals money buy goods produced city city sold products
pampa home indian tribes south america indians want spanish explorers lands indians lost land homes families longer hunt fish give ways living working indians pampa tried lands spanish explorers soldiers fought indians spaniards guns indians spears bows arrows spaniards horses help fighting indians horses seen horses guns horses frightened indians beaten spanish explorers soldiers indians forced lands pampa spanish explorers pampa ago indians lived argentina indians lived pampa hunting fishing farming explorers spain argentina fought indians drove land argentina property spain spain ruled argentina argentina want belong spain wanted free fought free nation leaders named jose de san martin known george washington south america think known
yellow plain china yellow color soil rivers soil area called loess yellow river color dust soil carries give river water yellow color river rises banks floods land rich soil river bottom carried flood waters soil deposited dropped lands plain land flood plain soil rich grasses grow floods yellow river known china sorrow flood waters china joy overflowing yellow river bring bad times flood waters damage flood waters yellow river called china sorrow flood waters joy overflowing yellow river makes grassland soil rich chinese grow crops soil flood waters turn china joy chinese dams dikes try control floods dams store water river water farmers need dikes built sides river waters overflowing river bank dams dikes help change water yellow river china sorrow china joy
hot dry desert lands plants animals american desert known cactus plants saguaro cactus barrel cactus grow desert saguaro cactus feet high stores water stem saguaro cactus fruit eaten barrel cactus smaller plant important desert travelers need water top barrel cactus cut water squeezed inside plant animals american desert include pocket mouse chuckawalla desert fox coyote jack rabbit rattlesnake grand canyon arizona sights american desert canyon deep cut ground grand canyon mile deep miles canyon walls brightly colored grand canyon visited thousands petrified tree tree turned stone thousands trees petrified forest arizona desert ago trees buried mud underground streams brought minerals buried trees minerals took place wood shape tree today forest brightly colored petrified trees water electricity needed tame desert dams colorado river helping tame north american desert region
sahara nomads travel search water grass herds animals sahara desert nomads live tents animal skins wool floors tents covered skins furs animals tent protects hot sun flaps closed night tent warm tent protects heavy sandstorms nomad family sahara extended family group relatives live single family families belong tribe tribe ruled chief known sheik emir boys care animals find places water grass trips bring water goatskin bags women girls tents wool goat hairs prepare food weave rugs wool set tents move night entire family eats tell stories plans desert families friendly share water food shelter strangers living sahara nomads live oasis oasis place desert water
camel chief means transportation desert camels carry goods hot sands camels move slowly car bus move faster sahara desert cars buses places roads desert camel travelers desert carry food water traveling auto bus carry gasoline places desert rest desert police camels lookout travelers lost water kind trouble goods transported airplane small airplanes land airports oasis towns goods exchanged market place oasis desert nomads bring goods lines camels called caravan nomads bring wool hides market carry goods traders villages goods exchanged directly known barter nomads barter exchange sheep hides barley flour guns oasis farmers barter extra crops wool salt coffee money exchange nomads farmers sell goods money money buy goods traders market
roads amazon river basin travel foot wagon impossible forest thick transportation mainly boats small rivers amazon river basin travel boat small rivers rivers lead amazon river villages cities river dugout canoes dugout canoes hollowing tree trunk large river boats boats run motors large river boats carry carry goods largest ships amazon river ocean going ships ships travel atlantic ocean east brazil amazon river belem manaus carry large amounts goods taking place amazon river area jungles cleared trees vines bushes railroads automobile roads built machines brought farming lumbering future bring rich harvests food raised farm lands trees cut lumber cattle raised places birds animals forests protected disappear cutting forests damage rivers soil region
schools zaire past result ten zaire read write language today children living rain forest school read stories books told stories parents older homes fields schools children living cities zaire school schools city children schools built soon children able school kind school zaire school air school air makes radio television radio television sets set churches village centers special school programs broadcast children village learn programs kinds farms congo region farms small large large farms called plantations farms congo produce forest products include palm oil nuts cacao nuts rubber lumber products exchanged money cash crops palm oil trees produce nuts palm oil palm oil food vegetable oil making soap
forests congo hard travel land forests main method travel water congo river waterway bantus travel river longboat longboat hollowing logs trees longboat canoe bigger carry goods place place congo river run smoothly course steep waterfalls places boats crushed waterfalls boats unloaded reach waterfalls goods loaded trains carry past waterfalls reloaded boats finally boats unload goods ocean going ships atlantic ocean ships carry goods parts bantu live cities zaire locate cities kinshasa kisangan map page city nearer atlantic ocean cities zaire rain forest travel short distance cities soon forest buildings cities white light colored homes homes tables chairs beds radios buildings homes air conditioned cities zaire cities difference
hours person job money worker paid problems faced working women workers joined higher wages working conditions formed organizations known trade unions trade unions try win shorter workdays higher wages working conditions workers stop order win demands called strike times workers strike leaders meet owners discuss demands workers owners agreements need strike millions american workers belong trade unions unions help workers workers united states paid wages exchange hours money buy food clothing homes automobiles wages part cost producing goods costs include raw materials transportation machinery buildings costs paid owners factories mines goods produced belong owners factories mines hope sell industrial goods profit profit sell goods higher price cost produce
japanese children wear clothing boys wear pants shirts ties girls wear dresses skirts blouses japanese call western style dress sort clothing worn japan hundred ago japanese clothing hundred ago called kimono loose fitting robe tied sash waist sash called obi obi kimono narrow tied front japanese women wear wide obi tie japanese wear kimonos wear home want feel comfortable wear special occasions japanese children love dress brightly colored kimonos industrial regions japan system exchange united states system called capitalism mines factories japan hands private owners goods produced mines factories belong owners try sell goods profit workers industrial regions japan paid money wages wages buy food clothing homes goods factory owners japan sell products countries cameras radios tv sets automobiles japan sold japan able sell goods cheaply
peter salem writer inventor leader black slave freedom joined americans fight independence june peter salem americans atop hill city boston troops british soldiers entering boston british sure americans flee fighting began wrong americans held fast fought point british officer led top hill win battle peter salem dashed forward shot officer british fell american colonists finally give hill peter salem americans fought bravely battle bunker hill peter salem americans imagine writer inventor lawyer planter musician president united states thomas jefferson president united states jefferson designed home virginia called monticello today tourists visit monticello house jefferson inventions including dumbwaiter swivel chair thomas jefferson wrote declaration independence important paper gave arguments american independence british rule
americans allowed nation waterways polluted factories poured harmful wastes nearby rivers downstream rivers swimming fishing drinking recently rivers treated owned factories located rivers reason pollute rivers carry waste factory owners pay waste disposal owners lower costs producing products lower costs turn allow owners sell products lower price business recently municipalities states federal government begun individual firms treat waterways respect plants houston ship channel spent million clean campaign purge percent carbon wastes waterway voluntary effort environmental protection agency epa prodded plants gently question remains municipalities states federal government force industry stop polluting waterways order understand let look case individual living edge lake private personal costs person incur costs running house buying food
characteristic capitalistic system freedom individuals choose economic activities resources idea called private enterprise private enterprise seek occupations want restrictions description applies purely theoretical aspects capitalist system united states free occupation wish try doctor graduating medical school try practice law passing bar examination view private enterprise supporting laissez faire system smith outlined wealth nations laissez faire system lets person maximize personal interest government restrict person actions person physically harms theoretically private enterprise system productive resources generally directed workers tend jobs money contribute material society purely capitalistic system role government government protects rights individuals especially regarding control property smith detail role government capitalist system wealth nations talked government need national defense pay government levy taxes today accepted role government capitalist countries expanded
space permit complete listing government agencies set help consumers cited important federal agencies explicitly carry consumer oriented activities major consumer oriented activity commission control advertising bureau consumer protection responsibility monitoring advertising labeling deceptive practices reviewing applications complaints staff members closely monitor television radio commercials national advertising field offices local advertising ftc enforces specific laws cover truth labeling advertising food drugs cosmetics sale wool fur textile fiber products food drug administration established congress enactment pure food drug act law provided limited supervision interstate sales food drugs federal regulatory agency weaknesses act led passage federal food drug cosmetic act law put cosmetics control fda addition authorized fda prohibit sale drugs proven safe human consumption control chemical food additives granted commission extensive overhaul legislation governing fda drug amendments major provisions amendments requirement drugs effective safe requirement fda approve introduction drug marketplace
suppose school earn week want buy stereo costs save weeks earnings save spend income part job allowance gifts relatives friends put money spend later saving saving nonuse income period later saving purchases require money supporting additional responsibilities save reasons save source money fall emergencies losing job provide income retirement considerations important americans save expressly emergencies retirement save working income nonworking save ability spend lifetime chapter look save examine closely general ways providing future saving buying insurance human history saved united states percentage income americans saved constant decades
buy types stocks common preferred common stock commonly bought sold makes owner part owner issuing company addition includes voting rights election company board directors matters brought ownership yearly meeting common stock guarantee owner return investment ways money common stocks dividends company declare times dividends equivalent interest person receive bond dividends common stocks automatically guaranteed declared paid company profit company profitable declare dividends common shareholder receive return money common stock selling paid discussing sale stock let describe preferred stock preferred stock necessarily preferred prospective buyers stock guarantees amount interest dividend number company badly preferred stockholders paid interest dividend preferred stock actually type bond pays guaranteed dividend interest bad company
question remains determines relative prices goods stereo cartridge cost stereo cassette essential item water cost nonessential item diamond ring cost find answer look decide buy want sell things decide sell price determine buy willing pay look think service words buy willing pay determined satisfaction think buy explore idea let look suppose friend offers slices pizza care eat assume pizza pizza prepared certainly satisfaction eating slice satisfaction eating lot fourth slices likely satisfaction utility receive additional slice previous words amount satisfaction utility diminish eat additional slices
finish school likely look find numerous jobs important find jobs pay workers wages job pay hour job pay hour wage rates offered labor force determined mysteriously wage rates determined supply demand prices things buy difference item bought labor hamburgers exploring detail determines wage rates let look american labor force american labor force composed million workers united states works part labor force officially civilian labor force includes civilians classified employed unemployed members military services included prisons mental institutions homes aged similar institutions counted retired persons seasonal workers full students excluded size makeup american labor force changed dramatically nation birth figure shows size labor force grown civilian labor force grown changed dramatically nation began percent workers engaged agricultural pursuits
poverty line established line changed poverty ultimately eliminated incomes united states growing poverty line stand poverty relative concept poverty today definition eliminated united states americans think large number poor difference times changed definition poverty disgruntled taxpayer agree forms poverty eliminated unable support physical disabilities assisted americans justify poverty nation plenty want comprehensive program redistributing income rich poor poor working today complex ineffective system frequently fails help need fact assists need economists agree correct approach income redistribution fewer admit current income redistribution programs effect recent studies shown relative standard living lowest percent american wage earners changed dramatically war ii true group receives percent money income figures change called kind benefits included kind benefits include food stamps medicare medicaid public housing education
concept unions dates craft guilds middle ages medieval craft guilds occupational associations formed artisans field guilds unable obtain monopoly trade city crafts restrict membership requiring training period training began apprenticeship boy guild master successful training period apprentice journeyman free worker paid journeyman expected save money open shop required provide proof technical competence master craftsman labor movement united states europe started local associations skilled workers called craft unions craft unions organizations workers specific trade baking shoemaking printing organizing efforts early craft unions defeated unfavorable court judgments table shows growth union membership present rise industry civil war movement organize labor national basis began grow fact permanent union national scale formed union exists international typographical union important national labor organization knights labor formed leadership uriah stevens philadelphia garment worker
look dollar bill likely top face side say federal reserve note left say note legal tender debts public private indication bill exchanged amount gold silver merely states legal tender means united states bill accepted exchange debts owed summarize dollar bill backed reason trust trust terms buy fluctuate dramatically trust accept exchange debts owed technical language money kind called fiduciary fiduciary money currency trust backed commodity americans federal reserve notes gold silver circulating currency societies things chart shows examples types money united states important understand money forms commodity currency cigarettes combat areas war ii bills coins form money serves basic purpose
major functions commercial banks banking system general loans extend credit individuals businesses banks course institutions economy extend credit credit credit card companies retail stores credit unions credit savings loan associations purchase house matter fact hundreds thousands places purchase credit restrictions interest rates lender borrower think moneylenders special monopolistic power fact moneylenders attacked past dominant ethnic groups historically shunned profession leaving minority matter middle ages catholic church laws usury lending money unreasonable rates today states passed laws prohibiting lenders charging borrowers interest exceeds rate persistence legislation affecting lending money widespread suspicion moneylenders exists today favor legislation limiting amount interest charged consumer loans action cost free aware benefits costs usury laws approach issue remember selling credit selling
movie pay admission directly ticket counter buy groceries pay groceries directly cashier stand young public school parents pay school directly vast majority young united states public schools public schools essence owned citizens community administered board education district public schooling paid directly paid taxes collected sources chapter discussed taxes general briefly examined federal income taxes issue focus type tax finance public education primary secondary levels public school appears free scarce comes free charge public school teachers earn salaries money required build maintain public school buildings books class cost money electricity light classrooms paid short providing free public education certainly cost difference free public education expensive private education americans private schools private schooling costly families send children private schools bear full cost children education
simplistic theories growth concerns geographical location called north south theory economic development suggests nations colder climates developed nations warmer climates theory supported evidence united states north higher capita income south northern italy developed southern italy true france hand case england sweden norway australia theory sound apply past ancient civilizations hot regions recall river civilizations egypt babylonia mayan civilization central america greece rome milder climates industrial powers nineteenth twentieth centuries variation north south theory economists hypothesized geographical distribution natural resources important suggest development tied location mineral deposits soil rainfall validity past trade widespread japan denmark israel show nations numerous natural resources economically simplistic certainly defensible racial theory development according theory economic matter race races productive
socialist ideas existed middle nineteenth century writings karl marx socialism took root economic system marx individual history economic thought responsible foundations socialism known today socialist system government owns major productive resources land machines individuals generally consumer goods allowed means production individuals capitalist system practiced today socialism generally consistent principles outlined marx writings marx believed owners capital land machines capitalists exploited owners labor services workers marx contended capitalist system capitalists took advantage workers took advantage workers keeping marx called surplus production marx defined surplus difference cost labor total product according marx workers capitalist system part payment create capitalist surplus source wealth profit capitalist marx believed true total directly related total amount labor making means worker works worth shoes paid difference deducting cost materials surplus
book number references american system private enterprise chapter contrasted capitalist system socialist systems closer view goes united states shows american economy follow model guidelines pure capitalist system politics involved national economic system fact economic policymaking important functions government today economic decisions government individuals businesses listed list economic policymaking important worthwhile spend describing economic policymaking takes place context nation entire political process process attempt bring desires wants needs americans achieve maximum welfare nation course maximum welfare obtained try close pure capitalist system individuals quest welfare theoretically total welfare americans live kind society decisions hands individuals put hands elected appointed representatives politicians attempt satisfy electorate stay office attempt satisfy social values constituents policies considered government
adults tell things acquire school important ability speak write effectively success comes person command words needs knowledge language help words wishes person ideas matter practical importance express clearly incorrect awkward english social business handicap frequent failure school reasons english required subject school subject vocabulary vocabulary composed technical terms studying subject instance mathematics need meaning words quotient equation polygon sine science words molecule inertia formula shop words gauge mortise bit study language need terms grammar learning terms junior senior high school remember future study english easier efficient bring clear understanding grammar terms pages review terms reference language study knowledge names words fundamental words named according sentence words ways word names
ago began talk learning speak english imitation listened carefully words tried pronounce acquired vocabulary thousand words pronounce pronounce acquired fair understanding complicated english constructions realizing complicated mastered forms verbs pronouns chiefly imitation accepting helpful corrections parents friends teachers correction english raises question word form correct incorrect words english english kind english educated fact educated kind english uneducated easily discovered listening educated person say jim able fog uneducated person say jim wasn able fog idea expressed clear form high school student say educated person say correct distinction correct incorrect english simple black white preceding paragraph suggests
sit desk crisp april breeze billows english class swishing janet paper desk pale morning sun peeps clouds gray heavy threat rain looking catch debby eye grin steve pencil scratches paper crosses line composition look despair wrinkling freckled brow quickly triumph scribbles gym sharp shrill whistle van summons children playground lunch tantalizing scents wafted window puff spring breeze torture streak yellow light breaks clouds shines green chalkboard front room susan ebony hair crown silver dull thud henry book drops floor chair creaks sighs stoops pick fleeting thought lunch settle chair chew pine flavored pencil begin write september sunlight pours parted shades room glistens smooth varnished surface desk kingsley looms bulky frame leaning slate blackboard cardboard plaques laws daily behavior hygiene decorate yellow walls board room silent monotonously steady hum air blowers
january evening dad barrels fun sledding dinner weeks snow falling picture window looked glittering sheet ice snow let sledding son snow looks perfect dad suggested hurried put warmest sweaters gloves boots dad wrapped gray woolen scarf neck bobsled garage slipped swirling white dad lay sled motioned lie top dug toes snow sailed hill wind wailed head snowflakes stung face clung closer father flying coasting ten twelve times pulled sled hill home blazing fire bowl buttered popcorn pot hot cocoa welcomed felt relaxed contented stood dad warming hands crackling fire families hiltons egg hunt easter fun sunrise service mother father hid eggs rabbits wait hiltons arrive father gave signal start children adults scooted picnic tables chairs crouched forsythia bushes climbed trees looking easter eggs
grasshoppers yes wind wonderful acre farm saw hop rascals ate house home grasshoppers soon spit tobacco juice look re terrible hungry creatures guess eat grasshoppers green things especially mouths water don intend talk hee haw mercy josh mc broom soon live tree tamper truth start weather summer waking days warm grasshoppers young uns helping dig water talked growing thing enter county fair guess heard amazing rich farm grow quick seeds burst ground crops shoot eyes yesterday oldest boy dropped cent piece find nickel grown quarter early morning skinny tangle haired stranger ambling road tall believe hat fell reach ground howdy sir slim face john places
yarns skyscraper tall put hinges top stories let moon corn crop missouri roots deep drew water mississippi riverbed dry pancakes thin side fog thick shingled barn feet fog pecos pete straddling cyclone texas riding west coast rained drove swarm bees rocky mountains desert didn lose bee mountain railroad curve engineer cab touch caboose spit conductor eye boy climbed growing fast starved death shot biscuits whiskers wind whiskers arrived hen laying square egg cackling ouch hens laying eggs dates printed ship captain shadow froze deck cold winter night mutineers ship put chipping rust rubber hammers sheep counter fast accurate count feet divide tall climb ladder shave takes boy mosquitoes kill dog cyclone sucked kitchen chimney flue town cyclone picking nebraska dropping dakotas hook eye snake unlocking forty pieces piece inches seconds flat snapping watch swallowed cow butchered later watch running correct horned snakes hoop snakes roll want rattlesnakes carrying bells rattles tails herd cattle california getting lost giant redwood tree hollowed killed snake putting tail mouth swallowed railroad trains whizzing fast reach station whistle pigs thin farmer tie knots tails crawling racks pens paul big blue ox babe measuring eyes forty ox handles plug star tobacco exactly john henry hammer curve swing singing rainbow round shoulder
weather surrounds affects night environment constantly changed weather conditions sunny cloudy rainy dry hot cold important advance weather expect pilot wants strong wind flight making farmer wants weather crops path severe storm want warned ahead weather forecasting fairly science united states weather service formed began collecting weather reports telegraph country instruments methods improved weather forecasters precise predict weather percent accuracy accurate range forecasts week month reality future temperature moisture air pressure wind important elements weather impossible forecast weather instruments measure elements thermometer registers temperature air narrow tube mercury alcohol height mercury alcohol tube air temperature psychrometer measure humidity amount moisture air thermometers difference thermometer readings determine humidity readings
ago land macedonia horse market crowded buyers king philip ii keepers royal stables fine lot horses gathered selling choice king warriors side king philip stood young son alexander boy twelve age throng buyers eye horse lad boys age macedonia compare young alexander horsemanship look animals son king philip tell choose colts formed father boy spoke sure tones spirit ride bravely battle noble young black stallion yonder white mark shaped ox head face young prince chooses black stallion owner cried finest colt market today price high thirteen talents fact honest majesty young black stallion wear saddle bridle ridden wild north wind stay black colt prancing snorting noisy crowd gathered round
train dog sniff explosives york police department german shepherd ferreted bomb aboard trans airlines plane kennedy airport tuesday americans curious ray phillips trained brandy dog found bomb explained explosives narcotics odors odors humans detect dogs phillips staff member southwest research institute san antonio illustrated taught brandy dogs seek explosives wide variety dog brandy start call training odor relation explosives containers odor dog sniffs odor taught finding sitting dog makes find rewarded food training method repeated dog working pattern formed comes expected rewarded dog reaches stage begin exposing odors peculiar types explosives dog worked repeatedly locates regularity explosive odor find phillips dog turned loose brandy plane york keyed word search proceeds hunt detects explosive odors trained recognize
set morning mountain climbed afternoon gombe stream sanctuary cool glimmerings dawn eventually reached open peak offered superb view valley decided sit search binoculars signs chimpanzees fifteen minutes slight movement caught eye looked saw chimps staring expected flee farther eighty yards moment moved calmly soon lost sight thicker vegetation remained peak later morning group chimps screaming barking hooting careened opposite mountain slope began feeding fig trees grew thickly stream banks twenty minutes procession chimps crossed slope group saw conspicuous rocky peak stopped stared hastened steps slightly chimps run panic presently violent swaying branches wild calling group joined chimpanzees feeding figs finally climbed trees moved big group valley orderly line
winter sun began hiding face snow covered mountains pile center main island japan wind crossing ocean manchuria blew mountains steadily making sound phew phew phew slipped unhesitatingly houses charcoal makers farmers woodcutters hunters lived sheltered valleys inside houses thick clothes huddled basket worms worms busy keeping alive cooking food warming houses wood gathered snow season working hard wasting minute mending clothes making field sandals repairing farming tools outdoor begin spring shotaro father hunter family house stood closer mountains stood highest hill mountains miles lowlands school post office grocery village office clustered sentinel mountains towered side deep valley front house level patch cultivated ground garden vegetables grew summertime house knoll uncultivated oak trees stood screen protecting sharp winds blowing valley
coldest winter oak grove caught mountain winds sweeping valley snow branches blew icy flowers eaves main house snow melted warmth fire inside icicles hanging crystal lattices snow roof unheated shed stayed fell piled thick blanket chill wind oak grove stop soaking straw walls freezing barrels soybean paste pickles inside shotaro returning school shed hurriedly wooden box sunshine stretched weakly dirt floor entrance baby fox lying food bowl untouched shotaro moved closer sparrow flew fox head baby fox move dead shotaro thought crouched stretched hand suddenly limp body moved fox leaped bit shotaro hand drops rubylike blood palm shotaro angry moment sat roll straw mat wall licked hand baby fox dead fox move looked shotaro purple eyes
gradually mountain winds calm sign peak winter passed smoke fire shotaro house rose straight hung quietly air sun hiding face noon icicles eaves began melt making dripping sounds sunday shotaro woke earlier usual straight shed moment opened door saw parent foxes ran scurrying noise rear shed barrels tools piled baby fox fastened stake usual strange shotaro parent foxes run direction trying escape door couldn believe foxes hiding moved pile tools fearfully dust top barrel soybean paste rice pounding bowl objects unmistakable tracks fox crossed recrossed led clutter tools hole corner wall shotaro quickly logs fire piled high wall shed shotaro space fox pass fact logs snow covered ground fox tracks crisscrossing foxes
globe globe small model earth shows continents oceans located shows correct shapes continents oceans idea large continents oceans tell directions globe rules easy remember north north pole south south pole north pole classroom globe east west left direction travel took shortest route home north pole home japan globe help solve riddles walking straight north continues walk straight line suddenly discovers headed south spot earth cross journey places earth walk earth west east minute measure distances globe classroom globes inches diameter diameter classroom globe inch globe inch surface equals miles earth inch globe inch equals miles earth tape measure find distance places globe
climate kind weather region period sunshine winds precipitation temperature tell climate region precipitation amount moisture contained rain snow hail sleet fall look diagram solar system page shows sun bodies revolve larger bodies revolve sun called planets earth planets solar system names planets sun center solar system sun big million earths fit inside big earth center sun moon circling earth inside sun lots room left sun important heat light plants grow look closely diagram solar system find mercury million miles sun scientists tell surface mercury facing sun hot temperature hot melt lead think plants grow high temperatures find pluto pluto million miles sun
christopher columbus boys lived genoa loved sea chance slipped father clothmaking shop roamed wharves genoa harbor saw cargo unloaded tall sailing ships ports mediterranean sea christopher heard group merchants discussing journeys cargoes rich sell cargo silks spices merchant shook head friend don realize costs goods bundles silk began journey china backs donkeys trains animals carried bundles towering mountains asia later bundles loaded backs camels crossed hundreds miles hot desert sand finally bundles loaded aboard ship brought genoa packages spices spice islands indies ships brought indian ocean red sea persian gulf camels carried packages desert harbors eastern end mediterranean sea merchant tell robbers pirates lay wait heavily laden caravans ships step journey expensive dangerous merchants captain ships spoke
permanent english settlement america jamestown virginia story founding jamestown help understand difficulties hardships faced settlers country ago english sea captains met docks london england captain newport john ratcliffe haven met excellent excellent answered captain newport shook hands bring cargoes london replied ratcliffe times hard wish england colonies america spain colonies send shiploads gold silver sugar don colonies america supply raw materials iron copper tar lumber build ships products englishmen tried start colonies failed takes money start colony going money surely passed morning sea captains met captain newport spoke john thinking want england colonies don form company puts money start strong settlement think things colony send england rich
soil plenty rainfall warm climate important natural resources southeastern states farmers region resources mountain region live valley floors soil rich farms small located tiny valleys transportation carry products market farmers small farms raise crops livestock crops corn vegetables raised eaten farm pigs chickens cow provide meat dairy products family tobacco raised sold cash crop appalachian farms located large valleys highways railroads built carry farm products market appalachian mountains virginia valley called shenandoah valley famous apple growing regions united states lovely orchards spread valley floor orchards cover lower slopes mountains valley fairyland beauty spring millions apple trees burst bloom piedmont rolling country hills region mixed farming farmers grow crops fields grain hay vegetables orchards fruit trees dairy cattle find grass area
find small location map opposite page shows england located northeastern part country ocean england border country lies north look map pages england smallest region study states country larger england find states larger england look graphic relief map find answers questions smallest england largest inland bordered canada atlantic ocean states boston capital lies west rhode island tell abbreviations stand vt conn mass scale miles answer questions england states capital miles southwest boston river miles west boston capital miles east hartford fly england soon discover land smooth level plains hills mountains ago glaciers covered land glaciers melted left rough rocky land stony soil lakes
live big cities middle atlantic states eat tons eggs meat bread foods supplies shipped distant states oranges florida wheat comes north dakota farmers middle atlantic states raise food region dairy farming especially important big cities need ending stream fresh milk truck farmers jersey states supply crops fresh vegetables tomatoes sweet corn vegetables frozen canned storage sold winter months fresh vegetables specialties farmers middle atlantic states raising poultry production eggs today poultry farms factories power machinery large amounts money invested let visit jersey poultry farmer specializes producing eggs drive poultry farm farms visited chickens scratching farmyard big barns buildings connected set buildings looks big letter chickens live buildings central building sorting packing eggs nixon owns farm happy tell keeps egg factory running
autumn washington party started hard journey lake erie party found scattered cabins forest woodsman family invite spend night bed straw open fire soon left settlement entered deep wilderness spreading ahead hundreds miles christopher gist washington guide led cut trees packhorses mountain trails river large build raft cross days travel miles days journey worst driving snow icy rain soaked clothing night glad close fire dry frozen clothes eat meat deer shot forest middle december saw french fort leboeuf creek difficult mile trip ended early evening travelers candles twinkling fort french commander told party englishmen approaching fort courteously invited washington delivered message french commander st pierre call council consider told
early fighting north americans british bottled boston cheers cannons wheeled american camp captured british fort ethan allen patriots vermont washington ordered cannon hill overlooking boston action english hastily boarded ships sailed canada boston free washington knew british retreated defeated strike decided york british landed york found washington army waiting unfortunately americans badly defeated killed wounded prisoner small army left fled hurriedly jersey english hot pursuit americans reached delaware river calmly washington ordered round boats river army crossed delaware reached safety pennsylvania english follow americans boats days later washington received important news british general returned york left small army trenton jersey washington learned british army trenton planning celebrate christmas decided strike
map page help remember manufacturing belt nation states north central region belt important kinds manufacturing carried north central states food processing preparation food market manufacture metal products automobiles farm machinery farmers middle west grow large share nation food food processed market north central region wheat milled ground flour large quantities cereal produced vegetables peas beans corn fruits canned frozen packinghouses process cattle hogs sheep meat large part nation meat processing cities omaha kansas city st louis st paul packinghouses cattle sheep hogs put hundreds pens animals slaughtered meat cleaned put raw huge coolers needed market shipped refrigerator cars trucks rest meat smoked boiled baked canned frozen wasted packinghouses animal hides turned leather bones making fertilizer waste fat goes soap brushes manufactured bristles pigs glands animals furnish bases medicines cortisone insulin
cities grow important supply services materials region need discover larger cities south central states serve region cities grow government centers find capitals region services performed cities cities towns grow places goods transferred kind transportation transfer points seaports river ports lake ports cities rail lines examine map major transfer points cities seaport transfer points cities mississippi river port transfer points city major river port seaport products imported seaports large variety exports loaded aboard ships docks houston orleans mobile exports find memphis tennessee product transfer point orleans seaport river port south map shows orleans located miles mouth mississippi oceangoing ships sail gulf mexico river deep canal city tie docks line miles riverbank
seen methods farming farm products helped build industries south methods mining ideas minerals built industries resources map page find south central states produce sulfur hardest minerals mine sulfur discover obtain sulfur rock deposits deep earth chemist herman frasch drill wells deep reach sulfur hot water forced wells pipe hot water dissolved sulfur pumped surface mixture dried sulfur hard today manufacturing industries steel aluminum sulfur minerals produced south workers find jobs industries manufacture farm tools machinery mining equipment airplanes products manufacturing important graph page shows ten important manufacturing industries south sulfur important mineral number industries sulfur goes making things rubber tires paper paint fertilizers dyes medicines sulfuric acid chemical industries united states major producer sulfur read iron steel industries birmingham alabama
cold foggy treeless islands tops volcanoes active sea north aleutian islands find natural region called arctic slope land region slopes brooks range arctic ocean strange land flat treeless thousands marshes lakes beneath top inches soil ground permanently frozen level treeless plains arctic special tundra summer northern part earth tilted sun arctic region receives hours light heat days sun sets summer frozen soil surface tundra melts tiny plants grasses wild flowers grow rapidly herds antlered caribou straggle north tundra ducks geese seabirds fly tundra nesting grounds late september short summer ice begins form lakes marshes caribou leave birds fly south tundra quickly freezes winter northern part earth tilted sun arctic region receives light heat days sun horizon tundra lies frozen beneath howling winds temperature drops thousand eskimo live arctic slope
units studied read history nation remember vikings europeans reach america lasting settlements later europeans began making permanent settlements christopher columbus led european explorers soon spanish french dutch english colonists settle successful english colony started jamestown virginia afterward pilgrims england settlers crossed atlantic ocean north america established original colonies later united states revolutionary war settlers begun cross appalachian mountains war westward movement continued appalachians mississippi covered wagons rolled interior plains rocky mountains pacific coast gradually settlers filled interior plains vast intermountain region americans moved west cleared forests opened farmlands planted crops tobacco cotton corn wheat pastured cattle lands buffalo indians roamed americans constructed roads dug canals laid railroad tracks span continent built cities started industries united states grew steadily size wealth power
hundreds dreamed traveling space visit moon planets modern age space science began robert goddard united states scientists germany war ii germans developed rocket powered missiles bomb england war united states soviet union carried rocket research farther countries launched successful satellites american satellite telstar photographing events happened europe today satellites weather reporting space photography important function early satellites gain information conditions space information helped scientists determine problems face journeyed space soviet union put space manned satellite orbit earth later space travelers united states soviet union flights left spacecraft united states astronaut special gun filled oxygen push weightless space propelled space astronauts neil armstrong michael collins edwin aldrin left cape kennedy atop saturn rocket july days later apollo spacecraft orbit moon armstrong aldrin descended moon surface lunar excursion module built especially purpose
park field forest think summer seen kinds plants plants kinds plants growing kinds plants plants alike ways plants alike grow seeds plants grow seeds called seed plants plants think seed plants seed plants important ways ways seed plants food eat parts seed plants apples corn cob parts seed plants foods parts seed plants parts seed plants food bread peanut butter foods bread parts wheat plants peanut butter parts peanut plants foods seed plants seed plants seed plants important seed plants things look things wood things wood kind seed plant think wood comes things seed plants
growing stem seed plants part called leaf leaf makes food plant plant food grow rest food stored plant eat carrots beets eating roots stored food think seed plant needs food order food leaves water minerals leaves things stem called carbon dioxide carbon dioxide part air leaves put things food leaves help green coloring found inside light food leaves mixes water food ready stored parts plant think food parts seed plants part growing stem part flower flower part seeds pictures show seeds seeds flower parts flower dry fall part flower dry fall part covers seeds fruit eat fruits apples fruits
watched fish cat dog animals fun watch fun watch dog wag tail happy think cat acts happy kind animal acting animal acts called behavior look pictures animals shown behaving things environment surroundings making behave things animal behave things heat things warm animal behave things cold behave maybe listened cricket chirp air warm cricket chirps fast air cool chirps slowly think heat insects behave fishing lake summer caught fish close top lake try catch kind fish winter fish deeper think summer water warmer top lake winter water warmer deep fish warmer water
cold want heat move want move heater want heat move want heat moving put hot pan table happen table times want heat moving things heat moving suppose wanted pick hot pan things heat burning hand build homes buildings heat moving buildings heat move walls want heat stay inside building want heat stay building think put butter hot roll heat roll warmed butter butter change warm heat change things things seen changed heat changed suppose held ice hand heat hand change ice ice change water kind change called melting heat melt things things think heat melt heat change things
bang pop buzz splash sounds travel things reach ears look drawing think happens sounds hear try wiggling ears part ear wiggle part outer ear outer ear part part small tunnel look ears opening tunnel thing outer ear catch sounds carries sounds part ear think shape outer ear helps things end tunnel outer ear covered thin piece skin piece skin called eardrum eardrum part middle ear middle ear small bones sounds hit eardrum eardrum vibrate makes small bones vibrate think happen bones vibrate likely heard say put ears think sounds carried bones middle ear small opening sounds opening ear
think things sounds things high sounds low sounds think likely sounds things vibrating things vibrate faster faster vibrates higher sound makes slower vibrates lower sound makes think makes things vibrate faster things vibrate faster thing happen tightness suppose toy balloon filled air suppose stretch mouth balloon pulling side let air balloon sound mouth balloon vibrating stretch mouth balloon let air mouth balloon vibrate faster think balloon higher sound things vibrate faster size hit big pan pan pan vibrate faster big pan pan think higher sound sing play musical instrument
places yesterday today park friend house store place location think important location important location things wanted visit friend location friend house help find house friend say house white house bell school brown store bell school brown store help tell house things help tell location called reference objects think location place live reference objects help tell location look choose reference object location front object object words help tell location words help tell location times need times map page shows location places town
things move moves moves force force push pull force needed train wheels move force needed ball move air force needed leaf fall tree force things move think running jumping throwing ball things moving parts body move part body force force coming muscles muscles think girl pictured page look picture put hand arm boy picture bend arm force move arm coming times force arm muscle children picture force muscles muscles side think win forces move things machines machines pictures move things machine able move machines move things think roller skates rode bike
seen magnet force magnet move things look picture page things picture magnet move things magnet move magnet try moving things magnet forces move things look picture things think moving force think making move things location motion force move place ride town workers things location motion force airplane pilots workers airplane pilots find location places flying airplane special maps pilots sure airplane moving path radio guide airplane strong wind forces find airplane pilots try find answers questions radar helpful pilots things pilots help find location places forces pilots
seeds living things tiny units living matter called cells spores cell understand plants seeds spores grow need things plant cells plant cells plant cells tiny seen microscope picture page shows plant cells look microscope plant cell things cell jellylike matter jellylike matter living grows food living things important part jellylike matter nucleus picture page shows nucleus plant cell looks nucleus controls growth cell small green dots picture plant cell hold chlorophyll chlorophyll makes green plants green parts green plants cells chlorophyll plant cell thin living cover cover lets things water oxygen pass cell cover cover called cell wall lets things pass cell cell wall thick cell shape plant cells watched plant grow
suppose lie side blindfolded brain special part inside ear help plant side brain ears help knows pull earth chemicals root chemicals help root grow makes stem grow played tug war teams pull rope stronger team wins pulls losing team line plant stems play tug war earth earth pulls roots pulls stems stems grow growth chemicals stems help stems pull harder stems win tug war earth pull green plants need light grow plants grow amount light need suppose plant getting light side stem grow leaves turned light stem green plants growth chemicals stem light nonliving thing thought plants behave ways sound
wonder grown thought grew suppose grew fit point pin things things notice hard picture small pinpoint filled living things living things affect maybe ate chocolate today cheese pickle ate things enjoyed flavors tiny living things known bacteria bacteria living things thought plants animals body simpler body plants animals bacteria tiny fit pinpoint suppose airplane flying high countryside able house ground field glasses village field glasses bacteria microscope bacteria bacteria grow group group called colony colony bacteria microscope
ice cream maybe noticed thick ice cream thick comes plants called brown algae brown algae kinds algae kinds algae small fit pinpoint fit classroom metres yards kinds algae live single cell cell living thing breathing taking food examples kinds algae form chains cells live colony helpful algae live colony algae chlorophyll food algae green red brown golden brown colors block green chlorophyll maybe seen green scum fishbowls rocks ponds streams scum algae algae found ocean fact reason ocean looks green algae especially shore bodies water look green algae important green plants ate meat soon starve green plants die
fishing worms catch fish worms minizoo think worms animals crawl soil worms live water worm planarian planarians flatworms live water live water planarians don swim glide surface things glide send sticky threads weave magic carpet living water planarians worms worms mouth front end planarian mouth middle body tube elephant trunk comes mouth planarian tube food seen tiny worms bottle vinegar called vinegar eels roundworms roundworms body shaped smooth tube rounded front pointed worms earthworms earthworms shaped tube roundworms earthworms differ roundworms earthworms rings body rings mark parts earthworm body divided earthworm body tiny bristles feel bristles underside earthworm
stated circulatory system carries oxygen cells order oxygen cells need system help respiratory system respiratory system takes oxygen body think system takes oxygen body think oxygen respiratory system circulatory system respiratory system called breathing system breathe system takes air air gases including oxygen breathe air passes organs air breathe passes nose organ air breathe pass things happen air passes nose instance blood vessels nose warm air things nose clean air things wet sticky material called mucus things hairs mucus hairs clean air trapping things dust think air needs warmed goes body air need cleaned air warmed cleaned nose goes throat throat air enters tube tube trachea windpipe nose trachea mucus think important trachea mucus
oxygen cells body need food food systems circulatory respiratory systems jobs food need systems depend system system digestive system think digestive system helps systems body food stop moment think foods eat likely eat foods cells body foods put mouth foods eat broken cells breaking foods jobs digestive system job begins put food mouth foods broken mouth things happen food mouth thing happens chew food teeth chew food teeth help break help mix food saliva saliva liquid liquid mouth organs called salivary glands parts mouth help mix food saliva saliva important main reasons reasons helps break foods saliva makes food wet think important food wet mouth
plan meals foods choose eat hamburgers french fries candy soft drinks foods choose eat meal think helping body properly found kind food eat important helping body properly kinds food helpful body foods helpful nutrients nutrients parts foods cells pictures show foods large amount nutrients foods small amount nutrients foods large amount nutrients foods small amount nutrients order properly body needs nutrients nutrients grouped main kinds kinds called fats fats needed cells energy energy power things grow think run feel eat foods fats fats eat cells fats stored body place fats stored skin fats stored organs heart liver
seen electric meter electric meter basement house meter box dials dials look clocks dials track electric power house month meter reader electric company comes house person writes electric power meter read electric bill family receives based meter reading electric meter measures power kilowatt hours turn ten watt bulbs hour watts hour kilowatt hour electricity think important electricity light bulb shows watts light bulb burns watts watts watts shows shows electric force needed light bulb force measured volts light bulbs things electricity homes need force volts things homes electric stoves need volts think things need volts things electricity helps ways
electricity help help receive messages help send messages want send messages suppose wanted send message quickly country telegraph office telegraph offices machines send receive messages wires machines teleprinter looks typewriter message want send typed teleprinter teleprinter message electric signals signals carried wires telegraph office want message office signals message typed paper machine message phoned office person want touch pictures want send pictures quickly distance send receive messages telephone telephone carries messages wires likely telephone mouthpiece talk mouthpiece voice changed electric signals signals carried wires phone person calling signals changed voice sounds person earphone person hear voice miles touch telephone
electricity bring kinds fun radio tv run electricity fun radio tv enjoy music programs radio enjoy programs home car picnics listen radio radio program begins studio speaks sings microphone telephone voice sounds electric signals microphone signals change according voice person speaking microphone signals powerful carried radio waves miles radio waves need wires travel air space radio tuned miles pick signals signals changed sound radio loudspeaker hear voice speaking radio station think radio waves helpful astronauts moon addition enjoying radio programs enjoy tv tv programs watch radio program television show begins studio television studio special cameras motion pictures show pictures changed kind electric signal sound picked microphones changed kind electric signal
tried walk room eyes closed able important trying find reasons able important instance able help learn things able help safe able help understand things learned able ways able helped safe understand reasons able important things light bounces eyes light reaches eyes things happen light pass transparent part eye called cornea cornea curved bends light light bent passes liquid cornea light passes opening eye opening known pupil looks black spot middle colored part eye colored part called iris makes pupil change size amounts light light bright iris makes pupil small
generally things easy understand tree nearby understand tree reason seen trees trees shapes colors tree understand smaller things easy understand things play tricks seen play trick think play trick thing play trick called afterimage afterimage stare bright colors afterimage instance suppose stared bright colored circle minute looked white piece paper image circle image circle color circle looked look bright color red cells retinas tired cells send weak messages brain look white look red cells send messages red part white color mixes red form white
common problems seeing place eyes wrong shape eyes longer front look faraway things light things reach retinas form clear image faraway things clearly nearsighted think faraway things nearsighted eyes shorter front nearby things light things reaches retinas light form clear image nearby things clearly farsighted think nearsightedness farsightedness problems seeing corrected problems visit eye doctor doctor help glasses correct problem problem seeing corrected problem blindness born blind eyes brain grow properly birth blind injury disease damaged eyes brain instance damage corneas lenses light forming image retinas damage retinas messages brain
city called happy located map find city find happy finding happy thing helps language maps grid grid lines find places map lines run north south map lines lettered lines run east west map lines numbered point lettered line numbered line cross called reference point looked city called happy map reference point took seconds find happy try find city called ada located point line line cross city easier find happy ada maps give list cities shown map list reference lines locating cities picture page shows list maps lettered numbered reference lines maps reference lines called parallels meridians parallels meridians marked degrees symbol degrees parallel likely equator equator line runs east west earth
seen large numbers birds flying south fall flying north spring seen birds migrating moving area birds migrate reason find food think birds migrate ago began maps migration routes birds maps traced routes birds flew maps pointed places birds stopped explored places discovered places changed highways cities built places think birds change migration routes interested protecting migratory birds information maps help things glasses dishes minerals minerals things looking deposits minerals ago discovered minerals found kinds rocks rock layers mineral commonly called salt found areas covered ocean water salt deposits buried kinds rock layers
information maps help find mineral deposits information maps help find things things include oil coal natural gas oil coal natural gas important reason important sources energy oil coal natural gas electricity oil natural gas heat homes reason oil coal natural gas important making products plastics oil things gasoline oil gasoline natural gas paints detergents coal things oil coal natural gas things mapping areas help find deposits things things oil coal natural gas planned picnic hike able rain happen information weather maps help plans weather maps found newspapers kinds information map information helpful farmers
suppose sitting living room suppose discover things moving chair cars passing sister brother room baking chocolate cake apple eating sour sticky arm discover things environment surroundings senses sense sight senses senses discovered things stated stop moment things discover environment eyes things discovered eyes special cells called sensory neurons neurons collect information environment sense organs sensory neurons collect information environment night light things able light sensory neurons eyes neurons called rods rods sensitive light able pick small amount light night dim light things bright light
simple reflexes mentioned think simple reflexes walked dark movie theater bright sunlight takes seconds say eyes need adjust place simple reflex protects eyes light think eyes need protection light simple reflex takes place quickly things happen nervous system eyes actually adjust look black spot center eye spot called pupil pupil opening light enters eye look colored part eye part called iris iris muscle size according amount light entering pupil sunny deal light entering pupil light enter pupil happens sensory neurons send impulses brain brain sends impulses iris causing larger makes pupil smaller amount light entering pupil reduced suppose happens iris light entering pupil
nervous system important controls reflexes nervous system important enables learn environment learning enables adapt adjust environment walk street corner traffic light safe cross street course learned learned traffic lights traffic adapt part environment walking street unsafe adapt situation think adapting environment important learning enables adapt environment ways learn suppose shopping store suppose looking thing walk aisles find want find item want likely remember want buy kind thing kind learning called trial error learning learned things trial error things learned
living things grow full size leave youth enter stage known adult stage stage plants animals able reproduce able plants animals think living things lived adults plant animal lives passes adult stage stage called age reason cells body living thing stop growing stage parts living thing stop working roots leaves plant stop working heart brain animal stop working parts stop working plant animal dies point plant animal completes cycle living things completed cycle ask thought earth plants say say earth look bare plants say vegetables fruit cereal eat say food animals say realize plants important
zoo seen kinds animals animals zoo thousands kinds animals live earth animals seen zoo kinds animals plants study animals list groups group fish fish alike breathe taking oxygen water parts body called gills ways fish important think important cycle fish kinds fish salmon kinds salmon kind cycle cycle salmon begins shallow stream adult female salmon makes hole gravel bottom stream female salmon slapping gravel tail hole formed female adult male swim female releases egg cells body male releases sperm cells body egg cells fertilized sperm cells form salmon eggs eggs covered gravel female digs hole
fish groups animals amphibians reptiles adult amphibians lungs live land water early stages cycle amphibians gills live water reptiles lungs live water land entire cycle amphibian frog common reptile snake amphibians reptiles seen frog frogs smooth moist skin strong hind legs help hop kinds frogs kind cycle cycle frogs begins spring adult female frog lays egg cells calm water pond stream female lays egg cells adult male frog fertilizes sperm cells fertilized egg cells form frog eggs weeks fertilization frog eggs hatch frogs called tadpoles look adult frogs fact young tadpoles look fish adult frogs tadpoles gills tails baby animals look adult animals kind tadpoles older hind legs begin grow body soon front legs begin grow lungs develop inside tadpoles
likely seen advertisements products radio tv magazines ads showing things buy models cars shampoos kinds clothing things things things billions kinds matter kind matter atoms billions kinds atoms fact matter kinds atoms matter kind atom called element iron gold elements hundred elements known elements found earth fifteen elements special laboratories things think elements idea elements matter idea knew atoms believed matter small parts ago believed elements believed fire water earth air matter later learned fire water earth air elements learned elements elements known search elements goes think elements found
elements earth called metals silver iron metals metals properties elements metals hard shiny elements metals likely familiar metals metals found earth pure found found mixed elements gold found mixed elements separated things pure metals separated pure metal things pure metals things doorknobs bicycles metals metals called alloys alloy combination metals metal alloy properties metals things metals common alloy brass brass copper zinc copper soft reddish brown element zinc hard whitish element color hardness brass depend copper zinc brass zinc hard bright properties brass copper romans brass coins thousand ago today brass hardness beauty
common kind matter soap soap nature thousands wash clothes water rubbed gravel sand skin clothes help dirt soaps animal fats lye lye compound sodium hydrogen oxygen put things large pot boil today soaps vegetable oils compound potassium hydrogen oxygen mixed boiled soap common kinds matter plastic plastics place kinds matter found nature true reasons reason plastics expensive shirt plastic thread costs cotton wool thread things plastics strong metal things reason body cars plastics reason plastics natural elements color plastics color plastics look things found nature look wood stone diamonds plastics common elements carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen
oldest known source energy sun energy sun called solar energy solar energy seen light energy felt heat energy solar energy captured changed kinds energy car sunny inside car warm car absorb soak solar energy solar energy heat energy doors windows closed heat trapped inside car heat energy stay car sun set solar energy trapped greenhouses greenhouses buildings grow plants sunlight shines glass roof greenhouses sunlight heats air inside sunlight changed heat energy think greenhouses built absorb heat energy builders think solar energy build homes buildings buildings northern part united states large windows dark colored roofs buildings southern part united states small windows light colored roofs think buildings built ways solar energy changed chemical energy place happens green plants green plants food need sunlight making food plants store sunlight chemical energy
read supplying energy brought problems finding ways solve problems mining fossil fuels earth demand fossil fuels looking places fuels earth drilling fuels ocean floor coasts united states proved worthwhile large amounts petroleum found offshore places area drilled oil arctic region large amounts petroleum found coast alaska finding areas fossil fuels helped solve energy problems supplying fossil fuels stated earth supply fossil fuels limited reason trying improve sources energy nuclear energy cooling systems added nuclear power plants cooling systems lower temperature water cooled water put lakes rivers harming water plants animals nuclear reactors improved extra protection radioactive particles built think important high costs changing solar energy electricity towns cities building large solar batteries trying find cheaper energy
suppose moment lived egypt told earth center universe reason doubt sun god re sailed flaming boat sky lived greece told egyptians wrong re sailboat sky sun god helios drove chariot sky believed kinds ideas sun gods transportation changed believed sun moved earth fifteenth century nicolaus copernicus polish astronomer suggested sun earth center universe hard believe earth moves sun sixteenth century german astronomer johannes kepler continued copernican idea kepler able plot movements earth planets sun able prove earth centered belief wrong think easy believe sun moved earth today universe known larger believed ancient sky watchers solar system earth belongs part vast universe
likely toys moved toys lifted things walked couldn move wind turn batteries order move things need energy energy ability change energy need run ride bike ecosystems need energy energy ecosystems comes sun sun important deciding kind climate ecosystem climate kind weather place period climate deserts hot dry climate forests cool moist sun affects climate ecosystem heating air air heated air warmer air rises cooler air moves air moves winds formed wind affect living things ecosystem sun affects ecosystem causing rain sun heats water oceans lakes rivers water turn water vapor water vapor light rises help form clouds clouds cooled water vapor turns water falls rain living things ecosystem energy sun
suppose spend hot desert find freshwater ecosystem desert water carry water deserts nonliving thing kind ecosystem thing sunlight extremes water sunlight show important nonliving things activities living things ecosystem animals live hot desert protect heat dryness live burrows beneath ground inside plants animals stay ground plants hot sun sets desert comes alive desert birds hop holes giant cactus plants hours hunt insects seeds kangaroo rat spring burrow ground gather seeds snake fresh burrow ready strike kangaroo rat darkness roadrunner bird runs fast happen snatch snake kangaroo rat snake roadrunner part food web strands food web desert think heard animals bears groundhogs sleeping cold winter animals desert toads snails sleep hot summer
seen nonliving things balance ecosystem living things balance forest ecosystem number moose live large plenty plant food moose course moose continued increase number gradually destroy forest generally happen wolves feed moose wolves number moose forest handle happen wolves killed number jackrabbits increases ecosystem rabbits begin feel overcrowded compete food happens rabbits produce fewer young rabbits soon food rabbits balance animals ecosystem plants balance ecosystem plants produce seeds seeds fall area room sprouting seeds water minerals soil young plants die help balance plants ecosystem ways balance plants ecosystem ways balance ecosystem lot balance ecosystem america found rich soil grow food
map show real things earth farmlands hills mountains rivers oceans cities crops minerals things shown map special marks marks called symbols map makers kinds symbols lines dots special colors small pictures map shows map show things order understand map trying tell read map legend legend found corner map explains symbols map mean called key map look legend begin read map title map part legend map page shows north american continent part south america thin black line show land water meet line symbol coastline black line called shoreline coastline symbols crooked irregular showing places harbors seaports seaport city water goods boat large land areas map called continents mainlands smaller land areas map small land area entirely surrounded water island peninsula piece land entirely surrounded water
water water say spaceship looking earth fact divided earth equal parts parts water kinds bodies water found planet earth largest bodies water called oceans oceans pacific atlantic indian arctic antarctic largest pacific separating north south america asia australia pacific ocean covers earth surface covers area land earth put atlantic ocean half size pacific important trade routes cross waters smaller indian ocean touches africa west asia north australia indonesia east ice filled arctic ocean extends north pole antarctic ocean surrounds ice cap antarctica south pole located ocean swift flowing streams water move direction called ocean currents learn ocean currents affect chapter bodies water called oceans large bodies water
planet earth surface earth covered water soil forests beneath surface earth crust rich minerals iron gold silver copper lead tin aluminum ore earth crust layers coal petroleum oil natural gas natural resources gifts earth live soil covers earth valuable earliest civilizations earth china india egypt started fertile soil grow crops topsoil inches deep thin layer topsoil chiefly minerals living things topsoil plants insects water air minerals minerals called nutrients nutrients remain land food eat raw materials clothing shelter kinds soil soils rain forest savannas poor heavy rains leach wash minerals nutrients soil dry lands finds gray desert soils soils fertile irrigated rain wash nutrients irrigate bring water dry land ditches canals order grow crops
west meridian central plains dry grasslands steppes area receives ten twenty inches rain parts receive rainfall eastern part steppes known plains extends north south united states canada western edge plains lie rocky mountains live region dry climate rainfall plains suited grazing farming huge herds cattle roam plains land fenced ranches largest ranches found southern part plains texas leading cattle raising cowboys care large cattle herds farmers plains farms scattered area farmers draw water rivers streams flow rocky mountains colorado arkansas platte government built dams rivers hold water canals carry water reservoirs fields chief crops grown irrigated lands alfalfa wheat sugar beets vegetables fruits united states leading producers sugar beets idaho potato grown irrigated land west plains drier lands colorado plateau basin west rockies
studied things giant nations anglo america sure understand ways united states canada alike let review things common britain mother country nations result english spoken united states canada peoples believe democratic government citizens country elect representatives laws govern country believe rights freedom speech assembly religion countries rich natural resources important oil iron ore coal falling water nations anglo america leading industrial nations factories farms homes machines peoples american canadian high standard living food clothing shelter general peoples countries alike meet canadian tell american countries tied transportation systems autos trains trucks planes travel freely canada united states transportation system anglo america makes exchange products united states imports wood pulp nickel uranium asbestos fish canada
word america americans speaking united states accurate americans latin america resent calling americans title belonged common latin america refer north americans latin america parts south united states country mexico mexico bridge land extends southeast land called central america small countries east central america caribbean sea islands cuba haiti dominican republic puerto rico trinidad jamaica largest important caribbean islands stretching southeast central america continent called south america continent connected central america narrow strip land isthmus panama parts mexico central america caribbean islands south america latin america region twenty independent nations small areas colonies nations europe large brazil country big united states small el salvador nations central america caribbean area countries close neighbors mexico cuba distance buenos aires capital argentina farther washington capital europe
remember europe huge peninsula land mass known eurasia reaching europe mainland number smaller peninsulas peninsulas europe striking feature europe shape spain portugal italy denmark scandinavia peninsulas look closely peninsulas smaller peninsulas result coastline western europe broken bays smaller seas bays fine natural harbors western europe live water part entire region automobile drive sea surprise learn nations western europe sea powers explored distant lands nations britain france spain belgium netherlands owned colonies corner expect western europe living sea trading fishing boatbuilding important bodies water western europe mediterranean sea south important waterway america discovered italian cities venice genoa trading centers products east sea center water travel western europe countries eastern asia strait gibraltar western end sea controls entrance mediterranean atlantic ocean
western europe workshops raw materials manufacturing found countries region europeans import factories turn raw materials machinery textiles chemicals ships carry goods markets profit sale manufactured goods western europe pay food needed large population reasons industry important western europe group nations early start industrial revolution began britain machines factories built englishmen early machines factory system spread western europe century change machine goods important soviet union india china africa western europe highly skilled europeans things sell home small shops factories started able machines western europe rich sources power factories europe mines coal coal chief source power britain west germany france belgium european nations depend water power western europe developed water power france switzerland sweden italy norway greatest power source
learned chapter western europe divided small nations nation resources france iron west germany coal iron ore coal brought steel mill price steel higher tariffs war ii nations western europe learned resources wisely cooperate war ii power western european countries affairs declined exhausted wars divided ruined realized united states soviet union powers knew important affairs regained strength idea sharing resources free trade spread western europe agreement lower tariffs nations known common market movement started belgium netherlands luxembourg formed trade union nations called benelux nations beginning letters ne plan country able send goods paying tax tariff trade grew quickly idea began spread countries decided try jean monnet robert schuman france drew plan pooling western europe coal iron resources
books written movies middle east north africa show region land mystery adventure romance picture lands north africa middle east water short supply region poverty hunger illiteracy incomes lowest region known north africa middle east begins west coast northern africa stretches north africa southwestern asia mountains central asia divided parts middle east north africa middle east includes asian countries north turkey partly europe east afghanistan south indian ocean includes egypt located africa north africa includes countries west egypt libya tunisia algeria morocco lands studied region alike ways climate region generally hot dry fact land barren desert getting water everyday needs problem poor farmers town dwellers nomads speak arabic language follow moslem religion united states interest north africa middle east
middle east north africa moslem religion important part israel turkey lebanon region moslems followers mohammed speak arabic mistake believe arabs moslems lebanon arab speaking country half christians turkey speak arabic moslems moslem religion affects moslem religion founded mohammed early century mohammed lived mecca arabia city holy moslems mohammed called religion islam islam means surrender god follow mohammed religion called moslems surrendered correct call mohammedans mohammed put god prophet messenger god mohammed taught god called god allah images idols allah mohammed set rules moslems follow follow today moslems believe god allah moslem pray times moslems pray turn mecca holy city moslems expected fast food sunrise sunset holy month ramadan
israel turkey lebanon majority farmers middle east poor likely remain reasons egypt iran attempts land reform farmers land give part crops large landowner land seed farmers hard crop yields low crops raised soil wears money buy fertilizer lack land small plots poor soil high rents farmers extreme poverty problems farmer region worry water supply important oil middle east water important water needed natural resource region future middle east north africa depends full scarce water resources area aswan dam egypt nile river early effort water desert land dam saves holds part nile yearly flood water irrigation aswan dam built government egypt russian aid built higher dam aswan dam holds larger supply water creates farmlands irrigation
south himalaya mountains asia large triangle shaped peninsula large area half size united states called subcontinent occupied countries india pakistan bangladesh nation india covers india seventh largest nation taking square miles million populous country himalaya mountains form northern border india south mountains plain stretches east west subcontinent western part plain drained indus river eastern part valley ganges brahmaputra rivers live valley land fertile watered south plains deccan plateau sides plateau narrow coastal lowlands plains india lies mainly low latitudes latitude mexico central america highlands mountains climate generally hot humid himalayas north cold winds central asia reach india rainfall varies country heaviest small amounts rainfall controlled seasonal winds called monsoons summer june september southwest winds bring rain land
pacific water region find australia zealand thousands islands pacific ocean pacific covers area million square miles land areas earth put pacific ocean important influence australia island continent largest mass land large region entire region pacific islands range size large continent australia tiny coral reefs atolls australia zealand islands indonesia studied east lands governed nations ways making living simple hunting fishing farming modern kinds manufacturing live poorly high standard living thought australia connected mainland asia ago part land sank ocean waters covered remained water islands indonesia guinea island bridges asia animals live pacific early called aborigines lived hunting fishing gathering fruits roamed freely europeans eighteenth century
populations australia zealand small australia thirteen million fewer york california zealand million white language customs ways living britain canada united states australia lightly populated countries average square mile land country dry live rim continent respect australia south america population growing slowly australians want country allow non whites africa asia settle lack rapidly growing population holds full development nation australia zealand non white aborigines australia called bushmen lived hunting gathering wild fruits bushmen australia pushed land white settlers indians north america today aborigines cent australia nomads outback live government reservations large cities zealand aborigines maoris maoris brown skinned fought white settlement islands
hundred ago united states america land land filled cities criss crossed highways mighty forests endless grasslands gloomy swamps high mountains rich plains alive beaver buffalo flocks birds darkened sky outspread wings barren deserts cactus mice snakes visible signs land lived tribes scattered america indians tribe cherokee apache algonquin dakota tribe lived small part america indians land living stretched thousands miles north south east west maps show land find land traveling indians traveled cover distances means travel foot paths forests canoes rivers streams travel country today automobiles trains planes farther faster indians find land indians lived live today travel
spanish sat council small island western coast florida sights sounds busy camp groups soldiers talked excitedly wonders land cleaning guns armor cloud white smoke curled clear blue sky fresh seafood cooked open fire officers council paid attention going thinking days ahead leader governor panfilo de tall red bearded lost eye speak gentlemen want find gold found indian villages small pieces indians gold wealthy village apalachen north apalachen gold jewels intend hundred march inland north ships sail coast find harbor return coast meet later group nodded heads agreement plan sounded happy explore land florida search gold captains sure alvar nunez cabeza de
samuel de champlain sat front boat sailed quickly quietly iroquois river small boat heavily loaded twelve armor guns supplies gust wind filled sails shooting ahead indian canoes afternoon sun trees gleamed surface water suddenly silence lonely forest broken low roar darkness trees islands ahead champlain saw heart miss beat white foam rushing water champlain spoke quickly wait pull bank ahead soon boat safely shore headed woods explore pushed twisted vines bushes rocks fallen trees finally hundred yards river bank rushing roaring water rapids filled sharp rocks tear hole boat moment impossible able pull heavy wooden boat champlain boat found indians beached canoes waiting clearing riverbank
pa makin jumpy young james boone asked father nothin boy finish dinner okay pa hard dangerous frontier farm taught boy obey question ate james watched father daniel boone finished meal quickly nervously turned turkey leg bone big rough hand suddenly bone snapped small twig check horses mumbled darted cabin james turned mother ma wrong pa lately jumpy wildcat cage rebecca boone stood walked slowly window looked distant mountains west don jamie someday re boone sooner later boone pa ma pa sick leaving window rebecca sat son taking hands looked deep eyes smiling james thought saw strange smile sadness jamie softly pa sick reckon country strong healthy pa somethin makes want free woods hills
priest tucked dusty brown robe ran path row wooden huts father serra father serra called captain portola expedition seen coming north curtain opening hut thrust eagerly father serra limped lord praised exclaimed hope return search bay monterey months happy safely mission san diego rest journey wilderness california priests hurried gate wall poles surrounding mission camp running direction gate soldiers marching mission head line rode captain gaspar de portola priest groups met confusion shouts embraces limping father serra observed captain greeting leg saw run meet captain remember ago barely walk course captain smiled asked mule driver treat medicine mules worked wonders father serra answered cheerfully grateful mule medicine
warm rays rising sun awakened captain meriwether lewis shifted comfortable position bedroll lay eyes closed longer yawned stretched opened eyes kind glanced upward body stiffened alarm limb tree overhead saw coiled rattlesnake careful slow motion eased hand gun sleeping campfire ready instant quickly sat aimed snake fired roar explosion awakened jumped snatched guns half asleep wildly looked find caused loud noise captain lewis pointed dead snake ah start exclaimed charbonneau sleeping soundly bad luck surely bad luck killed snake didn soldier answered looks luck charbonneau mood shook head continued grumble lewis sorry hired charbonneau expedition charbonneau knew wilderness sign language indians turned lazy troublemaker wife sacagawea young indian girl helpful
dawn heavy clouds hung low stormy atlantic large clumsy sailing ship bonhomme richard rode dark tossing waters shook trembled mighty waves beat john paul jones captain ship sleeping cabin tossing ship creaking masts slapping sails disturb rest sailing motion sea sounds ship moved stormy waters music twelve john paul jones left home scotland sea lived sailor felt home aboard sailing vessel sea home land america troubled lived american colonies fighting freedom british control armies marching cities fields forests john paul jones fighting sea captain jones ship french side americans war planning capture british trading ships carry supplies aid british army fighting american colonies stormy ship cook decks trying light fire prepare breakfast
band travelers stood dock liberty missouri women heading west dr marcus whitman wife narcissa presbyterian missionaries york indians oregon territory planned journey missouri river bellevue bellevue join caravan traders mules wagons carrying supplies westward fur trappers oregon stood dismay wondering steamboat supposed river passed members group seen boat bend rushed water edge waving shouting trying boat stop captain shouted stop boat river narcissa whitman looked tall husband sunday bonnet doctor asked join traders caravan marcus answered dare travel west indian country protection bellevue hundred miles protested party boat weeks marcus travel land fast bellevue caravan heads west
bitterly cold night february lieutenant fremont expedition gathered close fire blazing beneath mountain pine glow flames reddened deep snowbanks camp kit carson sat staring tongues flame feet blue eyes troubled trying guide fremont expedition western california sure able find kit carson mountain knew dangerous expedition lost high sierra nevada mountains dead winter rocky mountains kit worried hunted trapped rockies knew trails passes big picture spread kit mental picture trails sierra nevadas mountains fifteen territory depend indian guides help knew indians leave going rough kit thoughts interrupted sound book snapping shut lieutenant fremont closed journal writing miserable fremont speaking horses struggling bellies snow supplies scattered months trail write report
february thirteen laughing shouting horsemen rode san antonio narrow dusty street flat roofed houses yellow adobe brick leading big wearing buckskin suit coonskin cap barreled rifle rested easily crook arm davy crockett say crockett rode san antonio mexican village yes answered crockett mighty important mexican capital texas spanish governor palace bell tower yonder san fernando cathedral look pointing reckon alamo yes sure crockett fort ask fort texas settlements north east crockett replied texas weeks traveled hundred miles seen kind fort left nacogdoches sir forts texas scarce hen teeth stopped laughing looked doubtful yes sir crockett waving mexican boys staring solemnly hold colonel travis alamo defended texans sure shootin mexican dictator santa anna going army mexico
young stocky negro woman hid deep woods maryland listened fearfully heard horseback road let spread woods meet corners shouted terrified harriet tubman crawled pile brush leaves night sure plantation master riders left road climbed hill harriet thought mother father master questioned tried tell daughter hoped whipped father talk knew master slaves horses nearer harriet pictured small cabin lived father mother brothers sisters short food cornmeal fry bad home beaten today eaten feel faint harriet remembered sisters dragged line negroes chained master needed money skimpy tobacco crop sold slaves
okay sir john kruesi expert worker thomas edison invention factory hung phone kruesi shouted shoulder worker quickly grabbed coat ran door running crossed yard building breath trailing cold december air panting breath reached edison office edison looked drawing finished puffing john asked sly grin gosh boss kruesi answered sixty guys working takes sixty going top speed edison chuckled true working hard fast didn force hard inspired thirty edison earned fame money inventor invented type telephone home office proud grateful chance learn called john edison handed kruesi drawing fast build kruesi looked drawing showed metal drum wide tubes side yes sir kruesi puzzled voice
autumn england war germany united states entered war ii american government giving aid british young entered office henry kaiser builder dams bridges seated end table center room kaiser large heavy thick neck wearing gray suit cheerfully bright green yellow tie looked younger spoke kaiser british commissioners fine answered kaiser show moments later dressed black suits carrying black derby hats black umbrellas ushered room members british merchant shipbuilding commission kaiser rose greet invited seat table sank chair gentlemen glad kaiser began understand need ships yes kaiser answered commissioners england lost merchant vessels war trip united states find company furnish sixty ships suggested contact place replied kaiser supply ships experience building ships asked visitors
mahalia inside dressed church aunt duke cried sharply girl playing river re going sing choir today hurry mahalia looked grassy levee banks mississippi river wanted stay longer play catch crab baby alligator aunt duke called church hurried house lived aunt duke put white dress today baptizing aunt duke mahalia joined crowd gathered church white clothes gleamed hot orleans sunshine slowly walked river started hum voice cried let river jordan favorite hymn began sing feet tapped hands clapped mahalia swung body music sang loudly clearly turned look girl big voice song ended lady whispered aunt duke girl surely sing mahalia cousins heard sing actors tent show today visiting mahalia family cousins aunt duke let mahalia put show voice big hit couldn extra money
jacques lipchitz stood high worktable pushing clay rough shapes strong artist hands curve wing sea bird pounded clay flat lump shaped bowl trying clay small daughter lolya sat nearby floor playing extra clay rolled pieces arms woman making pressing place carefully picked clay figure ran father papa father wiped hands apron sat climbed lap grandma lolya putting piece hands named father looking closely clay woman looked seen lolya put head side knew father nodded nose papa leg lolya laughed dear certainly looks grandma lolya eyes stomach father lap
pretend week friend birthday give try paint friend portrait ways photograph friend try copy exactly making sure nose eyes chin look real portrait type express feel friend think inside person think look color person eyes lies express kindness goodness sadness try find soul person color person hair shape person nose painting feeling expression friend expressionistic portrait expressionistic portrait titled auguste forel painted oskar kokoschka artist attempted show inside successful study eyes hands look portrait merely feel nice looking feel worked hard thought hard lived hard painting vincent van starry night painted
built ancient mayan civilization temple inscriptions stands palenque mexico theories temple built scientists believe built model calendar stone exact position certainly careful measurements early blending measurement science led understanding ancient mayans today learning science science parts process product process science scientific methods special exploring product science information facts discovered ideas developed process science product science exists science books journals tapes films records information science books library part product science application science practical benefits called technology photography engineering examples technology design camera begins knowledge light materials likewise design pollution free engine begins knowledge materials heat force smog devices color film synthetic fibers produced applied science science technology interrelated scientific knowledge develop inventions electron microscope space rockets turn inventions scientific discovery facts living cells discovered electron microscopes
corbin peeked school garbage bin looked ways coming climbed taking shoe box full makeup mrs krazno thrown afternoon big plans school halloween party evening clock offering prize costume wearing stuff needed hollywood monsters makeup heard mrs krazno say throwing makeup found school stage knew mrs krazno throwing didn want kids getting halloween sure didn want disappoint hurried straight home locked bathroom dinner going rush plan double costume costume costume executioner dressed black sister leotards hood black paper bag evil looking slots cut eyes kids jerking hood beneath hood planned real surprise identity surprise scream stood chance winning contest opened shoe box treasure chest frowning quickly sorted inside
dogs pleasure trouble case airedale named muggs gave fifty put wasn dog home vacation summer find brother robert brought big strong dog acted thought wasn family small advantage family didn bite family bit strangers bit mother pass missed month suddenly mice muggs refused acted pet mice mice trained friendly night mother company dinner put lot dishes food cupboard floor mice happy wouldn dining room muggs stayed cupboard mice lying floor growling mice room liked mother slipped cupboard going
linda sat front steps house holding dollars hand squeezed tightly palm wishing magic looked crinkled dollar bills told ken neighbor wanted special mom dad twentieth wedding anniversary twenty dollars buy chime clock saw department store love re dreaming ken money pretty fast need week baby sit night won linda frowned truth re couldn baby sit guess pay quarter baby sit pet turtle ken joked asked hey bad idea don quarter silly don baby sit pets week bet plenty vacation re looking baby sit pets hard baby sitting children mean feed pets eye
london theater packed audience famous french company les ballets des champs opening night david lichine ballet la creation begin music curtain goes stage completely bare scenery heap bodies lies floor center stage sits choreographer head hands despairing making ballet agonized idea needs pile bodies picks leg arm bring desperation picks limp body dance wants suddenly idea comes begins move bodies slowly choreographer leads steps ballet moment real creation starts curtain goes ballet half night david lichine wrote rushed theater wander streets torment sure strange ballet put heart success think ballet music scenery effect say pure sensationalism
moon night robert arenivar sat edge vacant lot east los watched boys playing soccer shouting ok let ball juanito kick shot thought light draw draw leg running hand raised foot kicking ball paper pocket moon light wasn bright looked sky covered stars set pattern hey robert re friends shouted found milky called pointed broad band twinkling lights huh re stars boy robert frowned say sky planned stars set artist hand stars form design trees instance liked sit look tree trunk grew ground branches trunk twigs branches robert re going home robert slowly join friends felt miles tomorrow movies things line waiting saturday matinee
doretha lonnie say stage lonnie liberations doretha whispered reading ticket hand couldn stop smiling sat edge bed stood looking smiling sister mother called downstairs eat dinner okay coming doretha sat bed looked free ticket gotten nelson recreation center rubbed thumb thinking magic tomorrow night gates outdoor theater lonnie liberations looking flat pictures magazine sitting looking real lonnie able stick hand touch touch sudden joy exploded cherry bombs inside threw middle bed bouncing laughing loud kicking feet air kid thirteen lay craziness closed eyes let slide daydream making ticket lonnie fall love wouldn care straight skinny school
young knew talk learn speak babies knew talk learn mystery remains unsolved today speechless live protection cities travel tell things wouldn talk able share feelings tell happened things wouldn explain learn things looking remembering wouldn fun live talk love friendship fear stems unknown names named william mary john joy straight didn names england names father william mother mary william wife
names henry morgan edward blackbeard teach barbarossa jean lafitte william kidd pirates seventeenth eighteenth centuries heard women pirates yih saou catalina de mary read anne bonney women rough rugged pirate captain catalina de spanish noblewoman daughter rich shipowner spoiled child learned deal brothers navigation easy learned sail kind vessel fine rider shot pistol handle blunderbuss sword dagger father wife convent catalina revolted clipped hair put clothes hopped convent wall catalina coast found ship going brazil signed navigator mutiny broke able vessel trip months piracy ship wrecked coast peru dressed pirate catalina brother michael captain army couldn tell afraid inquisition hiding joined brother company served later signed pirate ship navigator
shop captain judd stood dark narrow street city batavia ago city seaport island java shop strange place shelves lay coils rope kegs oil wine sailors traded summer morning shop captain judd huge black beard boy carried large ironbound box put box floor shop boy sat yes captain judd want huge black beard close captain judd caught shoulder shook hard listen breathe word going tell surely die mouth shut captain judd captain judd grew pale drew quickly yes half whispering black bearded tell thing going kill soon boy son want care happens don let son captain judd don understand captain judd going kill anyway business captain judd black beard
susie plimson says practicing writing teacher hollywood high adult education professional writing course says trouble syntaxes tenses kindly gave private lessons place dark haired pretty age twenty susie says want professional writer write interesting hitch navy destroyer tender heard shot fired practice don think highly interesting matter describe thing lot working houses hollywood hills live stinking rich interested valuable paintings diamond necklaces anyway portable radios tv sets auto tape decks cash lying fur pieces fairly jewelry maybe leather jacket things easy dispose area winding streets lot trees bushes houses set street distance neighbors easy vicinity
read story called quivering mass indecisive jelly simply think believe door mine walk cash hidden inside leave town stand sweat think think comes creep hastings finally telling truth hear noises inside puma finally figure open door fast step carrie scoot past maybe attack figure wrap sports coat arm slacks maybe fend carrie grab chair force bathroom lion tamers slam door grab cash run police worry decide nerve unlock door push open unlock door stand
story dog irish setter named spook tip sensitive nose feathery sword tail king king ruled gentle power love war ii spook problem army care care spook weeks wrestled problem finally put setter car drove town upstate spent summers owner local garage friend mine hunted spook strings attached war begun courage forecast return giving dog dogs give hunt care important impossible put words love yes friend hunt care love write word rarely watched patted dog head hand gentle spook thumped floor tail eyes remained fixed face car watched hanging half window customary manner dog senses things game
marge education mean workin homes learn steady place tell keeps mind sharp tryin watch folks put marge want help shell beans glad stay supper wash dishes put yes working mrs week months notice peculiar ways thing bothered pocketbook habit novels mean purse handbag marge big pocketbook straps propped chair handbag double wrapped tight wrist room room roam purse hugged bosom yes girl happens marge couldn say nothin purse hold wants held peace months tryin figure point bless bess today marge shellin beans eat re listenin listen ears hands
mitch lathrop headed seat corner room family living class miserably aware spot place loser thought senior started high school looked forward dreaming fall place eighteen taller skin clear important talk girls adults impress redding instance discount store wanted job senior starting routine classes teachers changed older taller yes didn problems skin inside loser legs stretched front mitch sat spine started think series disasters woke morning couldn turn mind brother kevin older mitch taller smarter looking athletic sure tell kevin stupid conceited jock didn feel couldn convince wasn jealous
learned times united states industrial nation true nation owe high standard living position part ability mass produce high quality products think term industry think automobile industry iron mining aerospace industry point kinds industries play part providing products services comfortable living let closer look industries industry sum total activities required produce commodity commodities include tangible touchable products tools cars items television theater entertainment facilities repairing automobile words industry involves production services goods obviously industries don happen takes initiative effort develop ideas ideas carried industry essentials natural resources human resources capital resources natural resources provide raw material changed worked changing natural things live human resources represent mental effort muscular energy required produce things included inventors planners supervisors direct production activities skilled force operates machines assembles tests things
matter planning products making safely efficiently industry concerned safety minutes industrial accidents country fatal hours lost workers crippled safety programs part industry workers constantly reminded develop safe habits part course learn safely careless act lose eye finger observe safety rules shop sure received proper instructions operating machine tool remember abc safety careful list general safety rules follow special safety precautions listed sections book wear proper clothing job remove tie jewelry roll sleeves wear apron safety glasses wear special protective clothing working hot metals acids tools equipment proper tool job follow instructions tool doubt ask teacher don run act foolishly shop practical jokes pranks lead accidents avoid shop area clean orderly shop safe
tool job house study tool wrench hold nut securely chisel cut materials tool strong tool comfortable hold balanced answer yes object designed tools products industry sports equipment chairs knives forks dozens items planned jobs plan products called designers research development departments industries job design products improve products materials interesting look designed products poor design course important learn design proud things simply designing planning think carefully product wish decide wish original words creative
metal bars tubes rods angles accurately measured cut length steel tape metal rule generally measuring hold end rule directly end stock scriber mark desired length holes drilled located similar manner marked center punch sheet metal objects cut formed pattern stretchout project fig shown methods pattern development patterns paper metal instructions preparing patterns kinds patterns paragraphs angular developments boxes trays rectangular containers fig layout utility box drawing rectangle equal size box bottom adding end side pieces position material hems lap seams added small boxes hems lap seams adequate note notches laid pattern provide fit bends eliminating excess material notch cut degrees corners lap seams notch cuts ranging degrees satisfactory single double hems cylindrical parallel line developments cans cylindrical containers vertical sides
needs modern technology aerospace industry invent ways working metals ordinary methods cutting forming fastening finishing metals meet modern requirements accuracy finish number developments unit ultrasonic machining cutting hard materials quickly economically accurately machine consists major units frame adjustable table power frequency generator pump circulating liquid called slurry abrasive particles operation pump circulates slurry face tool workpiece power unit tool move times conditions tool drives workpiece force impact abrasives workpiece actual cutting cavitation chipping small pieces material typical ultrasonic machining operations include drilling shaving slicing cutting unusual punch die shapes materials machined ultrasonically ceramics glass metals plastics materials requirements accuracy products space age led ways cutting metals methods chemical milling kind etching laser cutting concentrated light beam electric discharge machining spark erodes metal ultra high speed machining machining speeds faster normal
drilling cutting round holes material important step preparing pieces bolted riveted tapping threading holes reaming making holes smooth accurate industry kinds hand automatic drilling machinery common drilling tools found shop shown fig hand drills manual electric models generally straight shank twist drills diameter larger models heavier twist drills generally high speed steel meaning marking hss hs found drills drill size marked shank drill sizes shown numbers letters fractions sizes shown numbers range largest smallest lettered drills largest smallest fractional drills commonly range upwards understand size systems drill need need drill diameter find fractional system skips letter size exactly diameter attention tiny differences size important especially tapping reaming drill gages check sizes number letter fractional twist drills
fastening adhesion gluing pieces wood adhesion process layer bonding material separates workpieces joined layer penetrates surfaces tough bond joint formed cohesion forms type joint industry shop soldering brazing cementing common ways joining materials adhesion soldering joining pieces metal filler metal called solder temperatures degrees metal parts joined called base metals melted solder molten solder dissolves small amount base metal strong bond metals formed cooling soldering inexpensive efficient joining sheet metal electrical parts widely metalworking electrical industries heat soldering provided equipment shown fig devices found school shop carefully avoid burns wear safety glasses soldering common soldering materials shown fig solder mixture alloy tin lead solder percent tin percent lead generally forms acid rosin fluxes prevent heated metals tarnishing oxidizing help solder flow easily
remove finishing methods produce smooth bright surfaces metals shiny brushed finishes brass hardware hinges door knobs drawer pulls produced industry automatic polishing buffing devices manufacturing shop kind finishing hand buffing machines polishing hard felt wheels coated abrasive grains coated abrasive belts discs sheets remove nicks scratches left grinding filing polishing removes considerable metal buffing follows polishing main purpose refining metal surface look metal removed comparison polishing buffing produces bright satin finishes metal fig shows piece worked bright finish buffer buffing wheels loose pieces flannel cotton stitched form soft wheel buffing compounds bars fine abrasive grains bonded grease wax tripoli rouge common buffing compounds greaseless compounds glue binders clog dirty wheels compounds industry liquid spray compounds wheel coated compound turning power gently pressing bar wheel machine coming stop prevent compound spattering clothes
forests valuable source wood reasons reduce washing soil heavy rainstorms melting snows help prevent dust storms protect wildlife provide recreational areas hiking fishing hunting trees provide shade protection wind lumber important numerous products wood industries familiar common lumber houses furniture fig shows forest products important wood making veneers plywood veneer thin sheet wood sawed peeled sliced log plywood sheets veneer glued laminated lumber core plywood sheets veneer glued lumber veneer core plywood sheets veneer glued veneer core plywood veneer sheets layer ply grain angles grain sheet plywood strength veneer cut ways rotary cut plain sawed plain sliced quarter sawed quarter sliced hardwood veneers plain sawed quarter sawed softwood plywood rotary cut making softwood veneer logs cut lengths bark removed
screws type mechanical fastener assemble wood projects takes longer install screws nails stronger joint joints screws easy reassemble screws nails screwdrivers sizes shapes common types plain phillips head plain screwdriver slotted head screws size depends length blade tip screwdriver width head screw blade flat tip fit properly screw head shown fig important screwdriver ground worn sharp edge slip slot mar wood phillips head screwdriver driving screws recessed heads things wood screws kind head diameter gage length kind metal finish kinds screws woodworking flat head oval head round head slotted phillips heads common screws length screws steel aluminum brass moisture rust steel screws
constructed project deserves finish projects ruined improper finishing mistake production notice fine finishes applied commercially constructed pieces furniture properly applied finish completed project mark quality wood finished ways shown chart knowledge materials wood finishing important important knowing order materials steps finishing process correct order constructed project ruined times finish makes difference professional amateurish workmanship finishes applied wood protect surface change appearance wood soak moisture air humid seasons dry dry seasons wood exposed rain sun wind snow cold wood buildings longer protected kind finish wood painted varnished telephone poles fence posts railroad ties wood ground decay rapidly kind protective coating wood purposes treated creosote material forced wood help preserve mentioned earlier finish protects wood surface appearance important choose kind finish job apply
plastics fairly list materials industry things metal leather wood glass easily economically plastics plastics soft moldable manufacture eventually harden forms sheets film liquid powder fibers varieties plastics numerous listed plastics forms family plastics shown fig kind called trade names plastics divided basic groups thermoplastic thermosetting thermoplastics soft heated harden cooled heated shaped molded want reshape heated cooled thermoplastics school shop acrylics polystyrene polyethlyene vinyl known acrylics plexiglas lucite thermosetting plastics cured set permanent shape heat soft burn reheated reshaped plastics include epoxies polyesters plastics natural materials wood metal called synthetics common materials wood air petroleum water natural gas chemist takes natural materials combines ways heat pressure help process chemists learn ways recombine natural materials variety plastics increases
waves energy constantly speeding space sound waves mentioned light travels waves waves sun stars start earth waves differ length light sound waves differ number vibrations frequency electrical devices produce waves lengths frequency devices complex principle easy understand electric sparks jump gap send electric waves speeding air waves picked received distant station sparks spell message dots dashes clicks telegraph voice radio talks microphone device sensitive telephone transmitter voice makes air vibrate turn plate microphone vibrate vibrating plate produces electric current telephone transmitter current weak amplified strengthened part radio transmitter actually sends signal called antenna amplified current radio waves antenna waves traveling air received aerial radio electrical impulses flow wire radio insulated coil wire attached aerial collects energy receiver
lithography printing flat surface raised letterpress lithography based principle grease water mix image areas lithographic plate parts print covered greasy substance repel water plate coated water solution sticks plate grease areas greasy image applied water stick oil base printing ink image transferred directly plate paper offset lithography image transferred offset plate rubber covered cylinder called blanket cylinder paper fig shows principle process originally stones lithographic process images stone drawing grease pencil wax crayon process artists making lithographic prints industry faster precise method called photo offset lithography process material printed photographed special camera produces negative top sensitized metal lithographic plate image transferred plate photographic print areas printed attract ink repel water image plate wax crayon
caveman power muscles traveled hunted built shelter raised food muscle power learned tame animals hunted put muscles learned tools increase power tool tree branch lever lever called simple machine simple machine makes easier simplest lever bar place support place lever supported called fulcrum lever turns fulcrum end lever ends effort amount push pull move lever resistance moving effort levers called class class class depending fulcrum fig shows classes levers wheel axle kind lever door knob steering wheel car egg beater wheel axle turn crank pencil sharpener wheel axle inclined means sloping slanted plane flat surface floor top desk
learn politics comparing stories islands real imaginary imaginary island book called mysterious island jules verne verne story besieged richmond virginia civil war escaped balloon balloon swept terrible storm south pacific group dropped seemingly uninhabited island need politics leader captain harding knowledge ability selfish thought nature played tricks captain harding match stranded helped miracles performed unseen hand captain nemo island resident lived submarine watery cave island mysterious island fiction part mysterious island supposed real island real island named pitcairn island pitcairn island small remote continent large map show thousand miles west coast chile fifteen twelve women pitcairn serving british warship bounty mutinied seized ship women south sea islanders englishmen persuaded accompany
society family country forces tend hold members forces tend pull things father paycheck mother cooking picnics saturday church sunday help hold family quarrels favoritism lack common interests weaken family spirit similarly forces helping unite country tending divide strongest force holding modern country feeling common nationality exist practically country feel nation country piece earth union land government merely living common government create bonds outstanding political events united states election president fourth parties candidates tooth nail campaign voting feel election victor president criticize politicians politicians flows important lives place boundaries country local trade mail delivery water supply examples similar activities generally tend tie country
presenting major features physical spoke globe problem showing flat map afterward discussed hemispheres northern southern eastern western meanings set distribution continents oceans turn elements natural environment patterns elements landforms climates vegetation soils describe worldwide patterns landforms climates vegetation soils word region frequently word easy hard define region part area earth surface area turned brother loose crayon map produce colored areas pure chance true regions region distinguishes part spruce principal tree area corn chief crop belt suburbs city commute region size square miles millions order show regions map draw sharp boundaries examples pages bright colors added regions vivid
canada big neighbor north largest country fact countries canada ranks size half large soviet union larger communist china proportion canada size population small twenty million tenth population united states inhabit area nearly million square miles canada population density persons square mile compare density united states soviet union population canada unevenly distributed canadians located hundred miles southern border huge country united states partly countries lie partly similar canada united states common neighbors soviet union canada high latitude land bordering arctic ocean reason felt cold canadian northland uncertain home modern soviet union canadians learning inhospitable areas canadians prefer warmer lands southern border single important geographic fact canada today united states strongest wealthiest powers lies door
north south america set pair huge triangles atlantic ocean europe africa shapes locations suggest part landmass formed eurasia africa pushing shoving clearly fit pieces winding atlantic lies moat europe africa east americas west fact americas located narrow ocean europe important history atlantic wider discovery americas europeans delayed atlantic narrower europe discovered settled earlier greeks romans colonizers western europe divided continents islands lie inhabited major cultures division logical continents cultures things rarely simple canada united states include north america south rio grande lies mexico latin american country mexico columbia lands central america part latin america latin american culture found continents latin america refers lands rio grande south cape horn west indies
exciting things taking place latin america days industrial revolution brought prosperity united states europe canada beginning change latin america latin american countries independent shortly united states failed progress economically socially rapidly northern neighbor unfortunately democracy immediately follow independence latin america constitutions latin american countries provide democratic procedures social systems countries fail political ideas uruguay costa rica puerto rico developed democratic governments countries democratic united states canada latin american countries belonged groups small privileged minority large underprivileged majority privileged minority money power underprivileged majority pay voice government today countries estates broken small farms healthful conditions schooling provided wages rising walking hand hand greater social equality industrial revolution slow coming latin american countries produced raw materials densely settled prosperous parts industrialization progressed north america latin americans found expanding market meat sugar coffee minerals
rising heights miles alps stretch central europe look map pages countries occupy mountains flatter land northern bases switzerland occupies part western alps small plateau drained headwaters rhine rhone rivers austria occupies eastern alps part danube valley physically austria switzerland alike countries histories centuries switzerland independent democratic country history economic austria hand part hungarian empire end war ruler empire separate country austria slow develop sound economic conditions war peace difference histories switzerland austria ago swiss decided wise avoid wars wars embraced europe switzerland remained neutral island countries europe willing respect swiss neutrality served interests swiss banks provided safe place deposit money neutral switzerland served warring countries austria hand thick fighting attacker times attacked neutrality switzerland
major regions africa southwest asia largest fourth earth surface included africa larger soviet union southwest asia adds million square miles hundred million eighth population scattered huge area obviously places region densely populated regions large parts region support dense populations glance hard think africa southwest asia region striking differences parts sweeping deserts northern africa southwestern asia contrast sharply dense equatorial forests congo valley guinea coast lofty snowcapped mountains rise hot irrigated plains broad dry uplands differ place place africa south sahara home negroid stands sharply northern africa southwestern asia caucasoids closer look shows africa southwest asia considered region region gradual transition part northern africa southwestern asia part africa south sahara transition seen vegetation desert grassland savanna forest predominant racial religious groups caucasoids negroids moslems religious groups including moslems
knowledge history north africa southwest asia needed understand problems present empires dead waxed waned area left relics greatness contributed ideas western civilization modern history moslem crescent begins seventh century islam began sweep region empires held southwestern asia northern africa persian empire capital ctesiphon baghdad persians iranian plateau capital city mesopotamia conquered empire byzantine empire capital byzantium istanbul empire controlled remainder southwestern asia egypt parts northern africa byzantine empire held parts southeastern europe wide effect religion eastern europe russia constantinople byzantium called sea eastern orthodox church remarkably short mohammed death arabs spurred fanatical belief teachings spread faith wide territory conquered persians established arabian empire capital medina damascus later baghdad arab domain stretched iraq arabia northern africa spain arabian empire strong politically soon broke smaller separate areas ruler
turn country vital concern americans soviet union soviet union concern strongest communist countries soviet union united states called superpowers size industrial military strength soviet union largest country larger united states canada population hundred forty million exceeds combined populations united states canada highly productive part soviet union slightly larger highly productive part united states soviet union remarkable location occupies interior eurasia large touches oceans seas reaches arms atlantic baltic black seas reaches seas open pacific immensely arctic coastline ocean contacts important soviet union neighbors dozen countries touch land borders narrow straits separate united states japan european southwest asian east asian arctic frontier active force watch newspapers examples writing soviet union easy soviet government hand detailed information freely government
political map soviet union republics plan engine political country steam sets engine motion happens soviet union steam turned soviet government difficult question works practice differs works paper soviet union united states written constitution soviet constitution examine detail portion call congress soviet union congress known supreme soviet supreme soviet thousand members amaze american lengthy debates decisive voting congress supreme soviet holds short sessions hears speeches real debates supreme soviet votes yes main reasons supreme soviet spite title approve asked approve real permanent bodies body presidium called permanent committee supreme soviet body call cabinet ministers run executive departments government foreign affairs heavy industry agriculture reason supreme soviet votes yes
half live southern eastern asia live living part play affairs studied parts asia read southwest asia historic lands middle east read siberia soviet lands central asia word asia brings mind southwest asia soviet asia countries japan china india means tokyo shanghai singapore bombay cities asia means primarily southern eastern asia call southern eastern asia monsoon asia important climatic features season shifts wind called monsoons objections term soon need short region southern eastern asia repeatedly monsoon asia varied region climate uniform parts malaya indonesia equatorial mongolia hard winters parts wet arid peoples culture monsoon asia varied asian race asian culture language religion differ part monsoon asia part country
primitive lived earth surface climb trees throw stones shoot darts dig shallow holes took thousands invent simple flying machine kite air age began balloon ascents france balloon effective flying machine took air gave confidence nineteenth century saw advances conquest air slowly gliders crude airplanes built tried successful airplane controlled flight flown wright brothers kittyhawk north carolina december airplanes feeble things power flew slowly climbed low altitudes carry light loads improvement rapid steady speeds doubled tripled increasing altitude records broken repeatedly planes grew larger loads fuel passengers cargo stage upward thrust early century american physicist robert goddard developed kind rocket promised range giant rockets type germans war ii soviet union rocket launched satellite orbit
noted read book region region low incomes history poor king palace peasant hut makes today remarkable hopeful history mass chance escape grind poverty chance determined advantage opportunity rising expectations powerful political force government feels pressure communists spread propaganda system lift living standards quickly americans reply pride private enterprise public regulation highest standard living countries praise call middle complicated mixture private public ownership public regulation raise living standards hand road political freedom truly democratic political coupled high degree private enterprise economic record system providing freedom plenty magic word low income countries industrialization industrialization cure social ills won stop crime cut divorce rate won provide food help greatly
freedoms equality international quarrels possibly wars reasonable matter governments expect reasonable need laws police check possibility countries order law police force realistic dream vision ruled law violence splendid believe importance ideals lawful peaceful certainly noble ideal idealism tempered realism obstacles lie ruled law decades certainly centuries possibly pass ideal reality rule sort want country powerful dominate rest country give orders countries obey conqueror dreamed ruling country large small wants ruled force ruled single master peaceful free
grandmother sends birthday present red mittens don wear mittens los record don record player things re going put record table bed called bird free named charlie parker record lying bed spent lot days lying bed knew going didn mom telling asked wanted throw hands walk started thinking record guy charlie kind guy feel thought wanted quiet house quiet dead wanted hear noise noise fallen asleep suddenly heard playing horn sounded crying playing feeling jumped room
lonnie gorman stared track shaking head body felt tight jumpy knew school counting today counted win quarter mile race season champion expected win lonnie gorman champion scared easy run race re favorite thought win lose re expected win pressure scares start looking excuse case lose alibi ready lonnie saying quit quit re ahead lose race late don spoil perfect record wasn easy quit today school counting lonnie slowly walked starting line watched opponents carla jamison fieldtown carla threat excellent runner real nice girl lonnie thought beaten carla races stride starting gun crowd getting excited yelled stands run feet lonnie catch lonnie bent check shoelaces felt sudden pain side nervous wrong
grandpa pointed box paid dollars bought stranger fourteen dollars asked couldn believe box plywood painted silver handle top small slot front box bring dollars grandpa look handed sheet paper read instructions turn handle times morning days eleventh turn handle evening turn silver dollar slot turn handle silver dollar silver box produce silver dollars caution handle oiled box cool dark place bought grandpa cheated answered nope don think earth cheated don aim start spent month summer grandpa farm acres poor land hills west virginia chickens pig goat huge black cat named sylvester enjoyed staying morning grandpa put box kitchen table
craigsville virginia town big problem craigsville dying late important industry craigsville large cement factory townspeople worked cement factory began run trouble factory owners began lose money closed factory suddenly find jobs unemployed workers travel miles find jobs wanted live craigsville choice live close jobs soon workers families began move found jobs places stayed craigsville suffered neighbors left stores close customers movie theater closed railroad station craigsville dying wondered bring town garbage hope announced mayor garbage brought craigsville townspeople voted change convert cement factory garbage recycling center put smell means saving town resident neighbors agreed today garbage shipped nearby towns cities craigsville recycling plant turns garbage products fertilizer large solid blocks landfill
find beautiful photograph steel mill factory owner asked margaret white maggie friends called saw things notice looked things maggie saw beauty shape bridges curved rivers thought machines factories beautiful wanted show beauty camera loved cranes engines pipes wheels built america railroads docks mines factories waiting photographed waiting things happening maggie camera climbed piles slippery fish shots wanted worked night winter shots steel mill fires furnaces burned face climbed high ladders photograph straight huge vats boiling molten steel interested taking pictures machines mills photographed show big machines maggie dust bowl midwestern united states rainfall earth dried cracked open maggie saw wind blow clouds dust fields ruin crops
invention movable type johann gutenberg volume printed type relief plates enjoyed constant growth volume quality letterpress printing relief printing process medium print newspapers magazines wide variety books simpler printed forms type composed hand machine size style type costs hundred dollars install machine size style type hand composition natural considerable amount type composed hand large printing plants volume composition warrants large selection type styles composed machine smaller plants styles type composed machine restricted commercial printing plants hand composition limited single lines larger sizes styles type display heads labels principles operations common hand machine composition beginning student graphic arts apprentice printing trade sets type hand familiar fundamentals printers system measurement unique small units dealt frequently inch divided seventy parts part called point unit measurement called pica equal twelve points picas inch
type form printed important type returned distributed proper case distribution started compare type line lines type case types similar check points observe size face width nick items compare exactly type case proceed distribution type distributed lower corner galley nicks open end bottom line type form distributed lines distributed line lines picked separated rest type form slugs length width measure composition place thumb hand slug separates lines type distributed lines remaining galley index finger slug covering line fingers cover ends lines distributed exert pressure sides lines type makes lift lines type letters dropping lines lifted elevate left end making hold lines type hand type transferred left hand possibly hand left handed student held horizontal position thumb finger supported index finger lines type
general commercial printing plant equipped hand fed platen press printing smaller short run forms clamshell type press simple operate dangerous uninstructed operator common methods employed lock forms platen press chase chase metal rectangular frame holds type bed press type form slid galley imposing surface smooth metal stone top table heading type form left bottom chase depending shape form form located paper printed conform chase desirable locate form paper positioned approximately center chase measure width length type form selecting pieces wood furniture slightly longer measurement wood furniture larger pieces spacing material wood wood furniture type form overlapping piece piece called printers chaser method lockup string removed type form quoins top form
rapid growth silk screen process attributed large measure development perfection photographic method making silk screen stencils photography based principle substances gelatin albumen light sensitive mixed salts sodium potassium ammonium bichromate substance light sensitive harden exposed light areas protected light remain soft types photographic stencils direct type transfer type direct type silk fabric sensitized emulsion directly screen transfer type photographic stencil processed transferred screen elaborate equipment required photographic transfer stencils process recommended small operations methods making transfer stencils photographically require dark room facilities pigment paper type photographic stencil explained detail principles apply photographic transfer stencils transparent positive design requirement transparent positive opaque design transparent sheet positives photographing design auto positive film positives drawing design matte finish acetate grade tracing paper commonly draftsmen transparent positives pasting artype letters transparent acetate
paper parchment writing materials effort preserve records early writings scribes strips wooden roller end manuscript rolled read rolled called volumen frequently enclosed wooden case preservation succeeded folded leaves sewn edge double sheet pages single leaf later development permitted writing sides side paper wooden covers secured sewn leaves cords served protect enclosed pages bulky wooden covers replaced pasting layers paper forming thin paper board order boards durable leather coverings boards book proved satisfactory resembles type binding mass produced volumes enclosed casings bookcloth expensive leather plastic covering materials increasing popularity attractiveness superior wearing qualities manufacture books today hand operations elaborate machines inexpensive materials developed bind printed materials low unit cost progress helped printed books economic groups
signature binding term describe binding books signatures signature sheets paper folded assembled unit purposes illustration binding book started small sheets paper single fold fold bring top corners sheet crease paper folded sheet inserted makes page signature folded sheets assembled twenty page signature assembled signatures jogged top straight place piece inch plywood side assembled signatures jog assembly top hold plywood tightly signatures left hand inserting vise protrudes inch vise jaws tighten vise mark inch top inch bottom book divide length parts mark provide marks book square scribe lines points saw saw kerfs deep cut part signature twenty page signatures depth
block printing art preceded invention movable type practiced orient eighth century wood blocks carved printed paper bamboo fiber fourteenth century printing process introduced europe hand carved wood blocks reproduce religious pictures illustrating text handwritten scribes later lines explanation engraved block design technique perfected full pages carved making print entire books carved wood blocks blocks printed vellum stock lamb skin majority reproduced crude handmade paper biblica pauperum poor bible early books reproduced entirely carved wood blocks invention movable type johann guttenberg wood blocks popular medium reproduce pictures illustrations text matter easily composed type pages printed combination wood blocks type assembled wood blocks carved today reproduction designs linoleum blocks commonly easier carve withstand printing thousands impressions rubber mounted type high block popular medium reproduction simple designs commercial printing linoleum blocks limited
photography art producing images sensitized surfaces action light source light sun illuminates subject turn reflects light small opening camera dark box excludes light admitted small opening shutter compared door regulates length light allowed pass opening camera film light sensitive material camera light rays converge film exposed light reflected subject small opening camera film film transparent celluloid material coated light sensitive emulsion exposed emulsion begins harden light areas subject reflect light dark areas degree sensitive emulsion hardened affect density areas image subject photographed visible film developed referred latent image film developer discriminate exposed grains unexposed grains light sensitive emulsion film stop bath neutralizes developer stops action desired stage development examine negatives prints guide determining constitutes desirable general density properly developed film
phases graphic arts papermaking fascinating history begins shortly death christ ts ai lun young chinese scholar credited fair grade paper early assumed mixture bamboo fiber rags fibers mulberry tree beat ingredients mass mixed water poured grass molds excess water seeped grass mat left flat film matted fiber dried sun rubbed stone surface smooth arabs conquered samarkand western limits chinese culture learned art making paper chinese prisoners war art rapidly spread northern africa europe england seventeenth century introduced america frenchman named louis robert announced discovered making paper continuously secured patent machine adequate funds finance manufacture wealthy london stationers henry sealy fourdrinier undertook manufacture machine making paper continuously operation machine named fourdrinier machine developed louis robert invention present paper making machine changed details fundamentally machine
course week june twelve martha jones experiences found sister becky toddling rush hour traffic main street snatched path eastbound bus fixed breakfast family mother quickly shortened dress martha wanted wear school lunch hour home helped eat eighteen peanut butter sandwiches brothers sisters watching father hunt house birthday present put bathtub found brothers reading parts diary expression family wash monday mother feeling rest family enjoyed evening playing guitar singing eating popcorn lucky home night uncle walter phoned say fly phillippines serving peace corps found piggy bank contained money evenings washed dinner dishes sisters dried evenings took care drying sister washing found joey choking wooden bead hit hard coughed
fully understand secret ingredients find extremely writing assignments secret mind understand planning paragraph paragraph paper end paragraph enjoy reading notice item mention planning paragraph means deciding start writing going say paragraph words means making sure kinds ingredients assignments true planning needed suppose instance composition period martha jones classmates list ten general ideas teacher says student look list choose idea agrees write paragraph suppose ideas list brothers big problems martha sees delighted course thought choice ready paragraph main part ingredient general idea paragraph center handed ready thing needs ingredient think specific experiences led idea
noticed nearly group friends person talker likes listen try figure interesting listen find reasons vary depending person person interesting witty knows subjects find spite differences interesting talkers things common interesting talker vocabulary mean walking dictionary sort person goes big syllable words means kind vocabulary occasion includes words needs words wants talk seldom fall vague expressions thingumabob hickey call interesting talker knows vocabulary advantage skillful words knows choose words meaning clear hold attention listeners chapter closer look matters
greatest speakers times marcus tullius cicero high roman official lived century christ study books wrote public speaking spite skill cicero realized flatterer heaping compliments cicero answered comparing demosthenes famous athenian orator yes grumpily talk say cicero spoke demosthenes spoke athenians rose voice shouted let fight macedonians cicero suggesting counts speaker eloquent voice gestures fancy language message cicero impressed listeners demosthenes inspired action professional orators profit story student find valuable clue information give primary goal message clearly effectively activities chapter give practice acquiring skills need achieve goal ease audience chances job getting message standing front group forget appearance concentrate important say
imagine standing line front mail window twenty hours chance letter window opened imagine paying money place line sort thing happened small town san francisco gold rush days thousands young flocked california thought mind finding gold months mail home precious gold days mail york california isthmus panama trip weeks weather shipload mail arrived hopeful miners rush post office begin forming line mail unloaded sorted homesick young miner eager received letter pay fifty dollars exchange place front line things changed transportation mail service speeded tremendously letter mailed york delivered california going post office pick mail wait daily arrival postman
extending invitation lives nearby telephone person especially lives town write letter sort letter write dear mary parents planning camp big pine park week june fun camping ago hoping offer door door transportation home big pine pick going drop coming expect leave saturday morning june house dad says tell parents camping green ridge area check ranger station plan drive saturday june home afternoon hiking fishing sunbathing swimming riding park pool stable waiting patiently letter saying coming love gwen notice gwen included letter information mary needs invited
morning march julius caesar ruler roman stabbed death senate house band conspirators newspapers days headline writer written conspiratori interficiunt caesarem conspiratori caesarem interficiunt caesarem interficiunt conspiratori latin difference order words matter arranged meant thing conspirators kill caesar letter end noun conspiratori sure sign conspirators doers action killing special ending em tacked noun caesar meant caesar receiver action poor fellow killed english special endings show action received rely word order meanings clear headline say conspirators kill caesar arrangement words clearly accurately idea order instance word order english conspirators caesar kill word order communicates opposite meaning intend caesar kills conspirators illustrates important fact english language words communicate meaning order words
prometheus remember inventor filled earth animals moulding body gods put speck creatures earth mixture speck lion deer speck cow serpent speck dog fox monkey owl dove vulture strange mixture brave timid calm spiteful truthful cunning mischievous solemn gentle greedy seen boys monkeys tail need lot training chaos order prometheus knew train mankind soon found fire remember fire novelty gods zeus gift cyclopes soon began cooking making things set sons named hephaistos blacksmith goldsmith appointment heavenly court hephaistos builder architect fine workman
kind order universe brothers department home zeus gods live heaven sky greeks mount olympos highest mountain greece nearest sky greeks muddled matter case gods called olympians regular court palace apartments separate houses inhabitants horses chariots food drink regular hours meals later royal palace earth hephaistos general craftsman smithy wonderful works gold silver bronze chairs roll athena birth heard soon settled court dressmaker spinning yarn weaving sewing embroidering housewife invented sorts arts pottery painting clever creature household included persons hear zeus course mother rhea titan hera wife demeter reconciled persephone summer aphrodite goddess love beauty aphrodite married hephaistos surprising lovliest creature alive ugly hairy swarthy beauty beast
art divining apollo learn loved music singing instrument play hear listen story hermes history things exactly order happened stories collection bits mixed tell hermes join company gods hermes son zeus mother maia lived cave mount cyllene arcadia born marvellous baby born morning midday played harp evening stole apollo cattle prince tricksters cleverest creature friend cattle bringer dreams giver luck outwit gods tortoise sing story soon born laid cradle leaped search apollo cattle cave big tortoise waddling hermes laughed sign luck thing glad tortoise dappled shell cover fine treasure hills
god added number olympians complete dealings mankind god named asclepios god healing kind things pushed loved worshipped deeds kindness son apollo born left mountains live die nanny goat found gave milk dog watched shepherd found put charge wonderful creature named cheiron centaur say half half horse cheiron son cronos titan lived cave mount pelion wisest creatures earth knew healing herbs grow cure diseases heal wounds sing magical ditties soothed sick chase catch wild animals cave hills lived happy home wife mother young heroes brought left taught schoolboys boarding school taught ride hunt fight healing herbs taught rules conduct
heroes hidden reeds friends olympos forgetful hera sought athena golden fleece think jason able persuade king aietes part wonderful tongue persuade loves gentle words fight fight give advice athena say considering plans think silent awhile eyes fixed ground hera tell king daughter medeia skilled sorts charms spells help fall love jason suppose ask help aphrodite athena understand things cared gods means let try house hephaistos smithgod built aphrodite married forge found goddess seat facing door golden hair loose covered shoulders parting golden comb bind braids saw rose greeted gave seats gathering hair hand friends brings
king aietes word give golden fleece pondered mind destroy heroes ship medeia plunged trouble think night secretly shore called kinsmen save save king charm serpent help golden fleece guided ship place fleece hung sacred grove ares led jason huge oak tree hung serpent slept saw keen eyes hissed loudly wreathing coils medeia sang soft song sang serpent head drooped nodded coils relaxed sang sprinkled eyes magical brew let jaw sink slept smeared ointment head jason took golden fleece heavy thick draped left shoulder joy ship saw jason return bearing golden fleece led medeia seat stern homeward voyage let part row rest hold shields sides protect shafts enemies
heard pegasos winged horse sprang drops blood fell neck medusa horse spring medusa blood medusa daughter phorcys god sea brother mother earth zeus family power ancient deities put power sea poseidon phorcys lived depths sea full horses told look sea fresh breeze behold horses sea white manes leaping top waves sinking poseidon gave horse mankind winged horse pegasos sprang blood medusa daughter phorcys beauty noblest horse saw glossy bay colour legs wings shoulders shook water wings mane neighed loudly flew house olympos zeus immortal stables fly earth thunderbolts cyclopes bring zeus wanted stock earth stamped rock foot fountain clear water gushed flowed plenty
coming history gods gods established manage regularly stories gods occasionally apple discord told dreadful war war achilles remember baby arms cheiron wife achilles magnificent warrior generous faults rest fierce pride put smallest slight thought touched honour king agamemnon insulted story upshot achilles retired tent fight battles insulted hope beaten lost temper excuse telling story achilles champion fight trojans took heart beat greeks greek ships shore set number fire achilles deeply distressed want trojans win friends say
remember cupid mischievous disobedient boy shot arrows medeia ready shoot toy fun cupid began grow fell love story king queen place daughters elder daughters youngest beautiful creature born beautiful thought aphrodite earth look crowds showered flowers passed worshippers longer frequented temples aphrodite turned goddess psyche means soul aphrodite saw temples deserted sacrifices paid jealous angry called boy cupid mother neglected insulted pushed mortal shoot arrows fall love ugliest meanest cupid mischief mother flew king psyche father trouble elder daughters soon married wanted marry psyche
sisters cats kind purr pet dogs kind bring throw birds kind sing put cages sister sue likes worms snakes things wiggle worms snakes ago maybe someday sue cats dogs birds worms snakes quarrel sue quarrel quarrel older sister rose rose ten pain telling sue kind sister sue wasn wrong playing bed snakes ugly thing shouted rose reading end bed wasn rose bed sue didn say word looked hurt felt sorry don read bed asked rose didn say gave looks picked snake took sue hand sue pulling mom room put snake mom nice furry rug
frank lester stood window looked busy street frank stood window liked watching traffic scott terrier thought frank clock scott tries walk pup clock goes joe brown bet running errand mother look bags boxes arms bet feeling merry joe hates run errands frank opened window leaned watch joe corner frank mrs lester coming room tell lean window fall hurt mrs lester shut window watch street frank busy happening mind street mrs lester left room homework re going eat soon floor dries needs street watcher frank started homework sounds busy street called stood watching street turning books scott terrier running street
ago lived king named midas king midas loved gold loved shine mirror sunshine loved hear ring fell fingers loved build tall stacks watch gleam morning ate garden king midas counted gold ate counted wished thing earth king midas loved gold daughter daughter brought flowers king midas ate garden sweet smile king happy saw beauty flowers soon king midas saw beauty gold ate golden dish drank golden cup looked golden mirror sat golden chair golden cages birds midas counting gold shadow fell shining golden stacks looked find young standing rich friend midas young stacks gold table count maybe midas wish give silver silk gold happy asked young
morning walter mother walter walter sitting sun big oak tree re grown woodchuck walter sleep mrs woodchuck didn say word knew cared son longer mothers knew earned living mrs woodchuck found house walter filled things liked eat took walter home re woodchucks earn living care don scared find job weeks walter sat sun found food job tomorrow today sit sun walter hill sat bench sleep miss fox miss fox ran shop town carrying big stack square paper stickers stopped licked square sticker put trees hello walter squealed miss fox care help today walter maybe tomorrow
robin cook lived farm farm town pea packing plant clock plant close night plant closed lots hungry speed home lots ducks hens cook farm robin father penned yard traffic rule ducks hens happy stay penned yard rooster named george wouldn stay yard george big red comb green purple tail looked plume george robin farm wise rooster wanted watched fishing robin caught fish george closed eyes ne threw head loud noise night dinner robin told parents george fine rooster find wiser nicer pet don care mrs cook drank tea george crossed road crossed road sleep gray gas pump
knows exactly science began earliest written descriptions human activity found beginning science writing record keeping developed began observing thinking surroundings science special kind human activity say science began appeared earth science special kind activity say began thought looked rock tree sun things thousands thought scientifically notice say science kind activity body knowledge mean scientific activity scientific thinking important kind activity read books science history achievements understand mean saying science special kind activity learn science reading maybe direct understand science scientist course designed spend things investigating reading scientific investigations depend interest care observing recording data interpreting results drawing conclusions
matter defined takes space weight natural senses sight touch hearing taste smell provide evidence matter exists mountains oceans clouds cabbages pigs senses permit matter constructed behaves wondered structure matter thousands hundred ago rely natural senses opinions explain structure behavior matter microscopes telescopes kinds scientific instruments exist idea experimenting seek answers questions accepted procedure spite limitations curiosity caused observe wonder interpretations matter greek teacher democritus word atom describe thought smallest unit matter according democritus empty space atoms differ shape size atoms kind stuff schools democritus teachers groups students walked informally discussing problems asking questions forming theories nature physical imagine democritus walking students picked dried leaf crushed hand leaf composed things
examples scientific models found biology study living things biologists model explain traits passed parent offspring model able predictions actual process represented model occurs small scale seen hand easy understand easy observe find models helpful seeking explanations visible unfamiliar events suppose observe animal kind seen stealthily moving grassy field explain behavior saying animal hungry actually knowing feelings animal familiar feeling hunger model explain actions animal explanation called hunger model animal behavior explanation behavior fear model based assumption animal attempting find place hide hunters animals hunger model predicts animal behavior change found food fear model predicts animal behavior change reached bushes dense wood models allow predictions observations decide explain animal behavior
approximately forty ago simple atomic model accounted facts known atoms according model electrons moved definite orbits heavier nucleus figures illustrate planetary models aluminum atom heavy nucleus protons neutrons surrounded orbiting electrons drawings show total thirteen electrons distributed orbits electrons orbit middle orbit outer orbit planetary model atom attempt explain behavior atoms simple comparing structures easily visualized accepted structure solar system appears electrons follow fixed paths nucleus kinds chemical activity explained planetary model reactions fit model intention complete study modern complex atomic model simplified version atomic model help understand basic principles chemical activity model complex planetary model figures show models kind atom grouping electrons similar models electron cloud model show specific electron paths orbits nucleus groups electrons pictured clouds negative charge
ways group elements local power company prefer group elements according ease conduct electricity jeweler want classify elements according ability resist corrosion chemist interested elements combine form compounds groups elements exhibit similar behavior combined elements called families elements discussion families follows exceptions gases helium family involved chemical reactions called inert unchanging gases members family grouped generally lack ability combine elements families exception radon members helium family discovered period members family tend react chemically present small amounts atmosphere discovery depended finding means isolating compress air pressure forming liquid air elements discovered elements helium family remain oxygen nitrogen liquid air boiled nucleus atom directly involved chemical reactions lack chemical reactivity inert gases structure electron groups
atoms molecules small small weighed fact sensitive scale balance detect difference weight atoms billion atoms larger measurable workable unit established individual unit small conveniently detected weighed unit number smaller units group atoms molecules small seen handled individually larger unit called mole atoms hydrogen lighter atoms kind element chemists decided gram hydrogen standard number atoms hydrogen gram hydrogen number atoms mole experiments carried find number atoms mole details experiments involve concepts measurements assumptions scope course investigations number atoms mole approximately written number called avogadro number honoring italian chemist amedeo avogadro suggested method comparing relative molecular weights gases determining weight amount element combine gram hydrogen establish mole element weigh
science attempt understand explain observes senses steps scientific activity observation observation leads ask ask questions science answer questions making additional observations color feel noise odor taste questions answered senses consider type question big heavy hot fast moving senses able rough guesses things size weight temperature speed compare observations familiar describe size weight meaning accurate observations communication require standards measuring suppose cro measured things need measure standards measure natural objects environment sun trees stones clothing needed suppose animal killed skinned skin held member tribe case human body standard measure
ability understand differences numbers appears present animals ability called number sense kittens removed mother cat show aware loss farmer reported interesting number sense crow roosted barn farmer barn crow fly return farmer farmer hired entered barn crow leave return waits crow return crow count explained crow ability track number barn crow smell sense inside farmer decided test idea barn usual hired sneaked crow seeing entered door crow flew returned left front door testing limit crow number sense persons entered barn left combination crow return
power egypt declined roman empire expanding early romans measure distance miles mile short latin words mille passus meaning thousand paces romans borrowed term foot greeks divided foot inches breadth thumb measurements roman foot inch easy foot derived body measurements varied romans measuring rods temples fall roman empire temples destroyed measuring rods lost breakdown central government small towns hamlets standards measurement western europe local lords barons power strongest kings monarchs set standards measure body measurements king personal measurements king henry england defined yard distance tip nose end thumb arm fully extended side system weights developed stones crude balances term stone england today standard weight stone equals pounds part eighteenth century leading citizens republic france decided need precise measures measures dependent length forearm variable
cro observed forces effects nature today kind model explain observed knowing guess fear superstition main ingredients thoughts beliefs primitive knew lightning thunder tornadoes raging forest fires earthquakes natural phenomena feelings fear awe bases constructing models convenience imagine cro word energy refer power natural events classified energy according events observed wind energy lightning energy thunder energy rain energy sun energy fire energy modern model distinguishes kinds energy basis supposedly cro thinker surroundings continuously changing planet rotates axis moves sun result night earth axis tilted known seasons days clear sunny cloudy rainy wind blows times days hot cold variables result kinds amounts energy modern model energy takes account knowledge matter largest star smallest particle atom stored energy
section asked comment statement seeing believing activity help appreciate problem believing seen emphasize scientific investigations produce questions answers need piece thread small lead sinker tie end thread sinker sit comfortable position elbow resting desk table hold free end string sinker inch desk top hold hand steady focus attention lead sinker helps partially close eyes looking sinker silently command weight move straight line telling move move move change silent command move circle circle circle pendulum obey commands determine students class found pendulums moved commanded found sinker move commanded movement imaginary actually move answer question takes energy lift ball top inclined plane higher ball lifted greater amount energy required
scene center sun monotonous look exactly rocks trees rivers earth contrary matter assumes endless variety forms variety matter countless substances behave ways makes interesting enables living organisms exist invent schemes explain endless variety material things terms fewer simpler things things conceivably units putting variety ways bricks ways wall house doorstop paved street ago greek philosopher democritus conceived small units called atoms democritus atoms kinds ideas important word atom word explain help predict properties matter understand kind place modern chemistry physics give meaningful account properties matter account meaning start beginning
suppose pennies stacked top piles want pennies pile obvious thing count count pennies piles speed counting scale shown fig marking spaces equal thickness penny place scale alongside pile read number pennies want measure amount copper pile pennies decide unit measure amount copper choose unit amount copper penny amount pile expressed number number pennies suppose want find copper rectangular solid bar copper think making box size shape copper bar counting number pennies needed fill box idea place pennies rectangular box empty space measure amount choose unit volume small cube suppose box size shape copper bar fill cubes copper size fit air spaces
limitations volume measure amount matter known centuries ago developed method measuring amounts substances independently volumes egyptian tomb thousand archaeologists recovered balance arm carved stone carefully stone masses surely dawn history careful measurement gold dust goldsmiths knew balance determine amount solid gold cast heap dust pile irregularly shaped nuggets balance hung upper loop horizontal bar divided exactly arms equal length objects suspended arm balance bar hang horizontally object hung loop end arm balanced hanging pieces matter end arm balance soon learned doubt bar remain horizontal drastic shapes objects balanced dividing chunk iron number pieces filing pile small grains affect balance balance responds independent form object responds call mass
daily experience sand chalk dissolve water sugar table salt course qualitative observations sure tiny amount chalk dissolves gallon water dissolve salt glass water wish solutions colorless seen solid dissolved things visible begin quantitative study solutions solution color place water test tube water add orange solid tube stopper shake solid dissolve test tubes color uniform tube think cubic centimeter solution mass dissolved matter tubes mass dissolved material shade color tubes orange solid dissolve test tubes try patient solution cool solid dissolves try temperature fairly constant warming test tube hand solid dissolve water color uniform solution shade color solutions
experiment tried temperature solution constant warming test tube hand cooled solubility substances maximum mass solid dissolve volume liquid affected temperature liquid find add solids test tubes water place test tubes large beaker water stir solutions minutes saturated heat beaker stirring solutions constantly water beaker nearly boiling observe solubilities substances change equally differently temperature water increased predict happen remove burner cool test tubes beaker cold water try figure shows result experiment potassium sulfate solubilities temperatures measured method expt solubility expressed mass grams substance dissolved water give saturated solution put maximum mass substance dissolved water suppose dissolve potassium sulfate water
rocks metals materials slightly soluble water measure small amounts dissolve water liquid substances dissolve water dissolve easily liquids case solubilities substances liquids distinguish investigate wood alcohol grain alcohol common liquids solvents increase stock tools investigating matter wood alcohol implies wood fact liquid collected distillation wood wood alcohol ancient syrians heated wood order obtain liquids tars resulted watery liquids including alcohol mixed liquids solvents fuel lamps tars fill seams boats preserve wood rot mortar bricks method syrians making substances distilled wood apparatus cruder lengths wood stacked closely dishlike depression top mound earth drain ran middle depression collection pit wood covered green branches wet leaves fire started inside pile
chapter seen learning determine characteristic properties substances found ways separate substances difference density separate solids solids separated differences solubility difference boiling points liquids enables separate fractional distillation suppose experiment piece solid material separate substances grind mix water stirring observe particles yellowish solid float surface particles gray solid sink bottom skim floating material density obviously water dry call fraction set filter water dense solid bottom test tube solid remains filter paper dry label fraction set solids fractions substances densities test filtrate material dissolved water evaporating water find small amount white solid substance fractions soluble water call fraction
happens place sodium chlorate test tube heat alcohol burners shown fig caution sure glass wool plug test tube clean dry apparatus arranged collect test tubes gas filled test tubes gas stopper test tube heating water accidentally sucked hot tube glowing splint help identify gas sure solid test tube heated continue heat material min change observed want rotate tube don burn fingers material left test tube melting point material started solubility water solid remaining test tube compare solubility sodium chlorate conclude experiment happens sodium chlorate heated sodium chlorate mixing gas remaining solid tests experiment identify substance left test tube experiments performed
experiment mixed oxygen hydrogen gas test tube happened ignited mixture ignition gases separated cooling oxygen condensed leaving hydrogen gas method ignited result ignition gases combined form compound water vapor separated hydrogen oxygen condensation combining substances form compound called synthesis process opposite decomposition electrolyzed water found ratio volume hydrogen volume oxygen produced matter water decomposed ratio remained course expected water source combine hydrogen oxygen proportions combine volume ratio answer question try adding volumes hydrogen fixed volume oxygen igniting mixture measuring gas remains uncombined experiment filled glass tube water inverted tray water volume oxygen bubbled bottom tube rising top shown photograph left fig
happens radioactive element radiates hard question answer reason elements uranium radiate weakly extremely difficult discover happened radioactive elements polonium emit intense radiation simple task determine happened intense radiation milligram polonium health hazard special precautions despite difficulties happens radioactive element studied weakly strongly radiating elements case polonium spectral analysis reveals secret freshly prepared sample polonium spectrum characteristic polonium seal sample polonium evacuated glass tube examine spectrum weeks later spectrum addition lines polonium lines helium lead elements present detected check spectrum additional month find polonium lines weaker lead helium lines stronger apparently radiation polonium connected change polonium lead helium spectral analysis shows radioactive elements change elements cases helium elements produced refer process radioactive decomposition radioactive decomposition decomposition water compounds
let begin build atomic model matter reviewing common properties elements compounds mixtures assumptions introduced model account properties samples element characteristic properties account assume element kind tiny particles call atoms elements kinds atoms high powered microscope atoms small experiments worked element found kinds substances labeled compounds mixtures recall elements react form compounds combine definite ratio saw evidence law constant proportions burning hydrogen oxygen synthesis zinc chloride compound produced showed evidence pure substance fixed set characteristic properties properties reacting elements characteristic properties carbon dioxide entirely carbon oxygen combine mixtures elements hand widely varying proportions basic ingredients show law constant proportions
copper chlorine fact form compounds compounds solids room temperature brown melting point boiling point liquid decomposes hot boil compound copper chlorine light green melting point boiling point investigate compounds comparison mass chlorine combined copper mass chlorine combined copper placing piece aluminum solutions measured mass compounds case aluminum replace copper solution copper precipitate separate dry weigh compare masses chlorine combine copper compounds find mass watch glass accurately watch glass put brown powder mass accurately watch glass brown powder dissolve powder beaker water heat solution add piece aluminum solution stirring solution glass rod hasten reaction
substances oil proper conditions spread thinly water oil mix water floats top spread water surface thin rainbow colored film oleic acid compound hydrogen carbon oxygen dissolve water spreads thinner layer oil fact single drop liquid size obtained medicine dropper spread thin cover entire surface small wading pool wish measure thinnest layer substance form small water surface obtaining measurable volume oleic acid smaller drop medicine dropper volume tiny quantity area layer forms thickness volume drop divided area layer place centimeter tap water tray allow stand minutes movement water stopped sprinkle water fine powder barely visible tiny amount oleic acid dropped water surface powder pushed allowing oleic acid film spreads water
secs seen detailed demonstration masses atoms helium polonium measured masses atoms stable elements found variety methods masses atoms vary wide range small compared masses likely put balance require frequent writing factors expressed masses atoms grams convenient choose mass lightest known atom hydrogen unified atomic mass unit atomic masses common elements listed table grams unified atomic mass units masses single atoms elements find atoms element atom element compound elements write simplest formula compound consider liquid compound carbon chlorine compound ratio mass chlorine mass carbon found experiment let assume compound equal numbers carbon chlorine atoms mass chlorine atom carbon atom table chlorine atoms mass times carbon atoms
matter identified physical properties physical property recognize ordinary table sugar white color table sugar identified sweetness table salt easily recognized salty taste ways tell difference salt sugar identifying physical property called taste diamonds easily scratch glass identifying physical properties matter hardness ability substance scratch physical properties enable chemist distinguish piece matter tries limit descriptions basic physical properties color odor weight solubility taste light gas stove home matter lit called natural gas mainly gas called methane able ignite methane oxygen gas present chemical property methane burn presence oxygen hydrogen gas longer balloons dirigibles chemical property burning presence oxygen explosive force helium gas balloons burn presence oxygen lighter gases hydrogen glowing splint thrust bottle oxygen gas splint begins burn brightly
words english language formed letters alphabet letters combinations form words letters spell saw word swa meaning letters alphabet combined definite patterns building blocks language ago greeks wondered thousands items matter starting blocks elements wise thought problem wanted find simple units put produce ago greeks including named democritus taught matter formed substances air soil fire water idea sense burned piece wood saw smoke substance called air easily fire put cold burning wood moisture water drops formed cold object fire burned left ashes ashes represented soil elements found material materials differ greeks thought quantities elements determined item tree stone animal famous greek named aristotle developed idea elements lightness heaviness wetness dryness
american indian wanted fire rubbed sticks pile dried leaves heat produced rubbing caused leaves burn essentials required burning burning requires fuel oxygen kindling temperature fuel high temperature fuel burn indian pile dried leaves served fuel air pile supplied needed oxygen vigorous rubbing sticks produced heat raise fuel kindling temperature put fire suppose fire broke mother cooking pots put cover top pot cut oxygen air supply lower temperature fuel kindling temperature pouring water fire stop fire removing burning material fire extinguished put removing essentials fuel oxygen kindling temperature happens weight metal metal burned find performing simple experiment burn piece iron form steel wool piece form sphere diameter size half dollar carefully compress weigh ball steel wool hold ball metal tongs burn iron fire burning blow
periodic table storehouse information chemical reactions predicted metals group ia react nonmetals group viia form element compounds sodium na combines chlorine cl form sodium chloride nacl notice happens atom sodium unites atom chlorine form molecule compound sodium chloride simple drawing atoms show simple happen chemical union takes place sodium atomic number atomic weight protons electrons neutrons chlorine atomic number atomic weight protons electrons neutrons notice sodium atom shell electron shell filled electrons shell chlorine atom accept electron fill outer shell electrons nacl electrovalent compound formed transfer shell electron sodium atom shell chlorine atom diagram electrovalent compound compound resulting transfer electrons atom calcium atom atomic number atomic weight protons electrons neutrons oxygen atom atomic number atomic weight
start serendipity big word means happy accidental discovery ideas science began accidents place bologna italy europe fascinated electrical machine device leyden jar storing releasing electricity form sparks lines tingle jump held hands touched machine birds animals killed sparks luigi galvani physician bologna owned spark machine left legs freshly killed frog electrical machine toying machine assistant noticed legs kicked spark jumped knife pressed nerve dead frog legs reported strange incident doctor news fired galvani imagination immediately set finding thought electricity air frog legs jump pairs legs copper hooks hung outdoors iron wire happened touched frog legs iron wire copper hooks joy legs twitched galvani decided discovered living things called animal electricity italian professor physics named alessandro volta opinion
america mayflower known electricity fact thales miletus lived thales amused friends rubbing beads amber clothes making dust feathers light particles jump space beads sir william gilbert discovered substances attract light objects rubbed called strange power electricity greek word elektron means amber frictional electricity mass produced german scientist otto von fashioned large ball sulphur rotate ball sulfur means crank hand rubbed produced quantities electricity device electricity attracted small particles crackled popped sounds tiny sparks lightning thunderstorm experimenters built bigger devices making bigger sparks scientists thought electricity invisible liquid poured container belief led invention glass bottle coated metal inside store electricity leyden jar condenser leyden jars electrical machine turning crank machine wheel moved rotates friction rubbing parts produces electricity stored leyden jars strong skip knob machine
observations explained remember magnet magnetic field electrical conducting wire coil wire electrons free move wire coil moves magnetic field cuts lines force magnet believed lines force push free electrons coil pile end exactly happens knows end coil scarcity electrons side coil charged negatively side positive charge voltage generated induced coil suppose ends coil connected means meter electrical device extra electrons negative end attracted return positive terminal coil electric current flow current electricity continue lines force cut increasing amount induced current simply matter cutting lines force piling electrons meet needs electrical current modern generators turn huge coils wire powerful magnetic fields speeds energy required turning job energy flowing water burning fuels
simple thermometer actually flask filled colored water tube heat water expands rises cool water contracts falls thermometers depend expansion contraction liquid read temperature flask thermometer need scale start fixing narrow strip paper tube fill flask ice water draw line paper level water tube try cool water dry ice find water level fall oddly level fall ice cooled level heat water ice water contracts heat heating continued water level begins rise continues rise regularly water boils point stops rising mark water level point care heated objects water limitations thermometers point freezes point boils addition expand regularly freezing boiling point difficulties overcome substitute suitable liquids water thermometers easy liquids expand regularly heat
try interesting experiment heat place metal spoon cup hot tea coffee touch top spoon immediately find cool hold palm hand liquid level spoon hand feels warm metal conductor heat air poor conductor air carried heat hand quickly metal spoon explain method heat travels notice vapor rises hot liquid air actually air water vapor carry heat aloft seen thing happen smoke pours skyward chimney smoke curls upward cigarette investigating carefully find instance cool air enters push warm gas air current moving air develops cooler air falls pushes warmer air current air referred convection current wondered windows opened top bottom ventilate room cool air enters bottom window warmed radiators bodies warm air pushed cooler air warm air leaves room means upper window convection current created room
think story robert hooke scientist looked thin slices cork named cells soon scientists set trail cells microscopes place empty cells hooke studied complete cells saw kinds cells observed cells plants animals found parts cells hundred knew cells understood related realized importance cells frenchman named lamarck living body exist cells fifteen later frenchman dutrochet wrote living things cells activities performed cells finally known german scientists named schleiden schwann stated belief known cell theory ideas cell theory living things cells products activities processes organisms result activities cells present scientists studied millions living things microscope studies shown truth cell theory added knowledge cells number structures seen cells jobs structures studied
nutrient present food test specific nutrient put tincture iodine finger wooden splinter flesh noticed wood stained blue black flesh stained iodine brown colored wood contained nutrient starch tincture iodine poisonous form alcohol solution laboratory solution dissolving gram iodine crystals grams potassium iodide milliliters water quart put drop solution foods food turns blue black starch present test specific starch potatoes bread crackers readily turn blue black shows starch meats fats oils sugars turn blue black starches scientists quantitative test simple sugars benedict solution added food heated boiling color occur simple sugars present benedict solution turns blue green yellow orange red brick red sugar present blue turn green test tells simple sugars present sugar food nutrient specific test foods fats oils rubbed brown paper bag unglazed paper translucent grease spot appears
green plant produces food sunlight changing carbon dioxide water starch food oxygen sunlight supplies energy reaction process called photosynthesis notice green plant trapped inverted funnel bicarbonate solution sunlight test tube filled water upside funnel stem placing sunlight bubbles gas collect test tube gas produced test gas gas oxygen population earth doubled beginning century food needs quadrupled increase greater food supply increased feed hundreds millions hungry understands process photosynthesis food problem solved ago research scientist named dr hill ground green leaves water sunlight think happened dead leaves surprised bubbles gas produced gas glowing splint burst flames gas oxygen scientist dr kamen asked released oxygen gas water carbon dioxide devised experiment find answer dr kamen heavy isotope oxygen water usual atom oxygen atomic weight hydrogen atom atomic weight
running water powerful eroding agent running water help sand pebbles gravel removes uncounted tons soil rock carries ocean rivers carry boulders gravel sand silt clay quantity material river carries depends steepness hillside volume water speed water rivers carry materials rolling sliding bouncing heavier particles fine light material carried suspension suspended particles give water cloudy muddy appearance rock material carried dissolved water travels sea sediments carried rivers flood season spread flood plains valley floor providing rich soil farming mouth river sediment settles quickly meets ocean builds spreads fan shaped delta course sediment carried sea settles quietly sediments form material sedimentary rock later produced rock later raised high sea level cycle erosion repeated figure shows beautiful snow capped matterhorn switzerland mountains high hottest summer cold high altitudes winter snows melt happens snows pile top high mountains
ancient roamed earth looking place settle game abundant shelter readily water plentiful decided live availibility salt archeologists scientists study ancient civilizations discovered salt played important part determining ancient cities located ancient depended earth salt needs chipped stones tools weapons later learned metals today modern civilization depends rocks substances substances earth earlier learned earth formed learned atoms combine form elements compounds naturally occurring inorganic nonliving chemical compounds elements geologists call minerals minerals chemical compounds fixed nearly fixed chemical composition properties structure minerals gold copper sulfur elements minerals complex chemical compounds similar minerals slight impurities give appearance change properties elements abundant elements form largest percentage minerals silicon si oxygen chemical compound silicon dioxide sio common minerals earth surface known silica quartz sio makes percentage rocks common combination elements produces series minerals called feldspars
solid material forms crust earth called lithosphere wide variety minerals combinations simplest terms rock mixture minerals rock forms solid crust earth called bedrock lying bedrock loose broken fragments bedrock called mantle rock covering mantle rock contact atmosphere weathered mantle rock called soil geologists estimated minerals dozen bedrock remaining minerals formed minerals weathering extreme heat pressure chemical change common rock forming minerals feldspar quartz mica calcite hornblende augite olivine talc magnetite garnet origin rocks dates molten magma newly formed earth contained mixture elements compounds soon bedrock forms cooling magma changed decomposition heat pressure rocks classified manner formed rocks formed hot molten magma called igneous rocks formed decomposition sediments rock material called sedimentary finally rocks changed heat pressure chemical reactions called metamorphic figure shows hot magma coming deep surface trapped surface cover surface
ancient civilizations developed areas eastern end mediterranean sea area desert clear night air excellent observing stars region observed stars moon sun earliest complete records observations ancient greeks ancient greeks thought earth fixed sun moon stars revolved recognized star northern sky appeared remain position nearly stars rotated slowly star stars wander background gave planets wanderers ancient greeks traveled northward noticed fixed star northern sky appeared higher higher horizon returned home star returned familiar position noticed sailing ships putting sea slowly disappeared curious hull ship disappeared finally top sail tip mast ships disappeared exactly fashion regardless direction moving observations interpreted mean earth spherical earlier babylonians divided circle parts representing daily steps sun yearly journey background stars
scale map refers ratio distances shown map actual distances earth unit map equal larger number units ground common units measure distances map inches centimeters units earth miles mile inches kilometers kilometer centimeters early century international agreement map land areas scale million ratio written means centimeter kilometers inch miles ground inches feet yards miles convenient units agreement country thing getting millionth map united states decided map scales ratios fractional relations common map scales states smaller areas millionth map reduce maps official mapping program based areas defined latitude longitude basic unit area degree latitude degree longitude mapped scale inch equals approximately miles exactly times millionth detailed maps cover areas thirty minutes latitude longitude minutes thirty seconds
aware water cycle rains snows rained drought rain snow precipitation complete airborne part water cycle size precipitation depends kinds clouds involved largest raindrops fall cumulus clouds reach size medium sized pea raindrops larger form quickly break fall air resistance drizzle composed drops size period page drizzle falls slowly low stratus clouds fog snowflakes occur beautiful sided hexagonal ice crystals single crystals clump larger snowflakes crystals grow water vapor accumulates solid particles called ice nuclei water vapor directly ice particles sleet ice pellets form raindrops partly melted snowflakes fall layer cold air freeze hail kind solid precipitation falls cumulus clouds hailstones balls irregular lumps ice tiny droplets clouds condense small solid particles natural suppose raindrops grow condensation cloud droplets raindrops form simple observation shows takes million cloud droplets raindrop condensation cloud droplet takes place slowly increase size million times drop falls earth
ways water special substance water exists solid liquid gas temperatures ordinarily found earth continually moving atmosphere land ocean absorbs energy places releases energy moves materials surface earth follow water molecule learn average ocean water molecule spend twenty months ice weeks lakes rivers week atmosphere water molecule going ice lakes air taking rare vacation ocean water ocean variety substances salty energy sun evaporates seawater starts water cycle water rain snow part surface ground water supply flows streams rivers rivers flow sea water evaporated sea returns sea flowing land water picks tiny particles soil rock muddy water dissolves materials soil rock earth material dissolve extent water dissolved material occurs ions water ion atom group atoms electrical charge gained lost electron
benjamin franklin deputy postmaster northern american colonies attention mail ships took weeks longer whaling ships voyage england america asked cousin timothy folger whaling captain nantucket massachusetts explain extra speed whaling ships captain folger replied whalers knew place ocean water flowed river say whaling captains acquainted stream pursuit whales run side frequently change side crossing met spoke packets ships middle stemming going informed stemming current miles hour advised cross wise counseled simple american fisherman franklin asked folger draw chart stream called gulf stream chart printed general post office shown figure earliest times sailors known currents ocean steered ships avoid information currents collected organized manner united states navy officer matthew fontaine maury gathered published data winds currents
motion deep ocean thought slow gentle number measurements periods weeks appears deep water move fronts storms air masses atmosphere fronts measured atlantic pacific oceans oceanographers puzzled found source energy motions water denser evaporation freezing sinks bottom ocean form deep bottom currents water sinking volumes equal volumes rising surface discovered rising masses water water rise surface small masses studied ocean currents gulf stream holds mysteries beneath tropical water ocean current charts show broad stream saw chart prepared captain folger recent research actually narrow winding stream loops shown figure reasons understood position speed gulf stream change month month perplexing problem subject research early methods showed presence heavy metals materials manufactured human beings marine animals ocean waters
thicknesses sediment deposited continental shelves slopes rises gulf mexico east coast north america sediments coasts similar sedimentary rocks inland portion james hall geosyncline york let modern sediments formed relate rocks appalachian geosyncline marine sediments features interested mainly depths greater depth waves begin feel bottom coarse sediments remain shoreward depth fine material suspension swept shelf continental slope rise east coast united states sediment continental slope turbidity currents mud slides carry material deep continental rise apron sediments laid continental rise turbidity currents gradually builds enormous proportions rise grows backs farther farther continental slope response growing load earth crust begins sink outer edge continental slope depth water sea floor constantly changing shallower deposition deeper sea floor sinks sediments features shallow water
kinds metamorphic rocks formed conditions combination heat pressure produce kind metamorphic rock important factors metamorphic environments temperature pressure amount water metamorphism place earth surface imagine red hot stream lava spilling volcano lava flows top rocks bake baking type called contact metamorphism occurs molten rock touches rock minerals cooler rock change composition structure zones contact metamorphism small shown figure bodies molten rock exist deep earth surface molten material called magma heat material contact metamorphism amount change solid rock depends temperature molten material important amount change depends molten material contact surrounding rocks lava flow earth surface cools rapidly baking heat deeply buried body molten magma escape air heat escape rocks surrounding molten material magma thousands hundreds thousands cool periods metamorphic occur surrounding rocks
shape land depends mainly factors kind rock earth surface resists weathering erosion makes difference bedrock uniform mass granite horizontal layers sedimentary rocks folded sedimentary rocks factor movement earth crust includes uplift sinking tilting bending breaking volcanic eruptions seen processes unlevel land factor group external processes including weathering downslope movements creep erosion processes powered force gravity energy sun tend level land places tug war uplifting downcutting studied detail figure looking northward low ridge descends gently east land drains north top picture stream channels join flow lowest notch ridge large notch west merely pass notches cut streams flowing north stream ceased flow larger notch examine ridge closely notches divide ridge parts notice western part cut large gullies central part smaller gullies slopes
dead plants animals decay rapidly hard parts teeth shells wood fossilized figures show examples special conditions organisms hard parts jellyfish preserved organisms hard parts fossilized complete skeleton dead animal hard find perfect seashell beach shells broken badly worn ways remains organisms destroyed animal dies flesh attacked variety organisms vultures coyotes insects bacteria sun wind rain help decay process flesh soon disappears leaving bones teeth shell hard parts destroyed bones weather buried shells bones crushed weight overlying sediments broken eroded tumble stream bed tossed waves number factors affect fossilization factors important organism hard body parts chances fossilization greatly increased plant animal remains quickly covered sort protective material environment organism determines kind covering material type fossilization remains marine animals preserved fall ocean floor shortly death buried soft mud sand
view space shows parts planet look smooth rough irregular uneven patches face earth mark continents earth surface rocky platforms largely granitic rocks continents average elevation km floors surrounding ocean basins surfaces continents uneven smooth areas plains broad plateaus irregular surfaces consist high mountain ranges elevation surfaces range coastal plains touch sea summit mount everest towers sea level average continental surface lies sea level continent basic parts shields large areas precambrian rocks exposed shield consists igneous metamorphic rocks shield continent eroded sea level covered shields continent parts continental shields covered thin layers flat lying sedimentary rocks basic part continent folded mountains occur margins continents mountain belts consist largely sedimentary rocks squeezed tight folds mountain building movements continents differ detail features common
figure generalized geologic map shows precambrian paleozoic mesozoic rocks exposed north america close look mesozoic rocks show consist rocks deposited land stream lake wind deposits spread states provinces areas eastern half north america sea level areas eroded mesozoic era marine sediments deposited east gulf coasts marine sediments deposited arm sea reaching rocky mountains times mesozoic desert conditions southwestern part continent resulted piles windblown sand middle mesozoic western part continent sank waters open ocean covered mesozoic sea spread central united states eventually connected gulf mexico end mesozoic north america rose sea level seas retreated jurassic period mountain building west folding igneous intrusions formed mountains sierra nevada california mesozoic closed uplift mountains rocky mountain region continental uplift parts north america late cretaceous uplifts accompanied climate change shifting lands seas
mars named roman god war mythology mars actually believed martians landed heard orson welles radio presentation wells war worlds mars viewed telescope noticeable features red color unusual markings polar ice caps look chapter opener picture photographs closer surface mars viking missions show looks moon craters surface mars show bombarded scarred meteors surface signs volcanic activity nineteen large volcanoes found volcano called nix olympica km diameter largest known volcano canyon lands thousands kilometers splits fractures resemble dried creek beds carved ancient rivers largest canyon called rift shown figure km stretches martian equator evidence massive faulting mars half size earth clear thin atmosphere carbon dioxide north south polar ice caps frozen water frozen carbon dioxide astronomers believed turbulent winds blow fine martian dust speeds nearly km hr thin martian air blow faster winds earth move loose rocks surface
stars sky locating star impossible task deal large number objects find patterns pictures sky groups stars form patterns called constellations patterns peoples imaginations experts say recognizable constellations constellations named characters greek roman mythology stories characters passed generation generation find constellations star charts figure constellations serve landmarks help find stars sky remember stars constellations tell simply looking connection constellations names live society invented names stories thousands ago past stars actually changed positions reference constellations stars times night progression constellations night result rotation earth earth rotates west east stars move east west earth turns hour degrees turn hour
galaxies belong groups members milky group galaxies galaxies million light recently dwarf galaxy called snickers discovered radio telescopes dr christian simonson iii university maryland called snickers milky peanuts snickers thought nearest neighboring galaxy light astronomers picking radio signals space found difficult locate source signals radio sources located looked ordinary stars called quasistellar objects quasars astronomers located strange objects quasars strong sources radio waves red shifts quasars spectra large recently discovered quasar thought moving speed light billion light strangely quasar appears mass entire galaxy size solar system quasars clearly photographed fact distant objects edwin hubble discovered relationship shift spectral lines speed galaxies
anna bergen helped father set family boat farm machine stopped working anna dad hurry broken part fixed guess need big machine shop job dad don tools fix island tomorrow anna stood watching left water anna sighed going overnight big city stay farm help mom anna mother tiny island bergen family farmed farm glad live anna thought ago radio boat phone date big city mother calling anna climbed hill house monday family washing plenty anna ear eye sky liked watch coast guard helicopter flew south noon hour later flew coast guard station thursday island today anna hung load wash heard noise helicopter headed south
grandpa follet mad clear walked ghost mad store started ago find grandpa follet standing sidewalk front follet department store studied sign door read giant birthday sale today end sign grandpa saw picture dressed frock coat top hat end sign picture grandson bennett follet bennett round face bald head big friendly smile owner department store grandpa started follet department store building floor hundred later floors high covered half city block store opened wide eyed grandpa watched crowded giant birthday sale bennett grandson running store grandpa declared didn grandson running store grandpa couldn thing bennett follet liked giant birthday sales push buttons follet department store fixed push buttons office
learned things language express thoughts important listening important skill listen person says hear voice understand words listening carefully speaker finished won heard mother talking suddenly realized didn saying ask say speaks person spoken listen learn listener listen definite purpose listen facts learn track conversation discussion entertained situations listen active mind miss fourth situation listen relaxed mind want pleasure hear help listeners speaking clearly pleasant voice record short paragraph school tape recorder play listen carefully easy listen try improve speaking habits boys girls class listeners game help find divide class groups ten pupils
millions sat spellbound radio television sets listening intently words drifting radio waves american astronauts orbiting earth miles astronauts listening intently directors spoke ground stations globe capsule communicator hawaii systems ground look flight director houston re cc roger flight re flight director tell re ready cc gemini word houston re ready re ready give mark egress spacecraft vitally important exchange directions comments continued flight space walk end conversation took place astronaut inside spacecraft capsule communicator jim message capsule communicator gemini astronaut spacecraft ok top astronaut ok astronaut open door fetched compare astronaut listening ground communicators listening teacher parent remember listening skill acquired overnight week month practice skill astronauts began early exactly skill required floating miles space sitting desk classroom earth
illustration letters match sounds words write language alphabet chinese japanese drawn lines characters character stands word illustration unlike system letters repeated sound repeated strokes japanese character differ word spoken words sound languages alphabet follow order writing left earliest greek records scribes wrote left line left separation words punctuation alternating direction called boustrophedon meaning ox plows plan sentences look illustration alphabet developed ancient civilizations written records nile egyptians papyrus reeds grew river edge rapid writing sacred records carved stone written hieroglyphics look illustration mesopotamia tigris euphrates rivers tablets wet clay marked stylus wedge shaped marks called cuneiform illustration alphabet developed thousand ago phoenicians lived eastern coast mediterranean sea
drawn strange magnet kate shelley window stormy july night mother pale ill sat nearby mending stockings younger children lay sleeping room sit try rest mrs shelley begged tenth kate mother rest frightening night kate pressed nose cold wet windowpane stared night watching strip railroad tracks lay moingona boone iowa blinding lightning danced sky lighting railroad bridge crossed angry waters des moines river bridge kate father killed ago shelley worked railraod section hand river brother michael jr drowned swimming months later kate supporting family kate pushed hair face walked window side room bridge bridge crossed honey creek stream emptying des moines river heavy rains past week swollen creek banks tonight rain sending whirling water higher hillside family horse cows barn creek danger trapped
night margie talked personal tape diary today tommy found real book book printed paper margie remembered grandfather saying grandfather told stories printed paper margie tommy turned pages yellow crinkly comical read words stood moving regular telebook screen turned page words comical telebooks moving words waste kind book tommy re throw guess telebook screen thousand books plenty wouldn throw mine margie seen lot telebooks tommy older margie find book asked house book school margie surprised school write school margie trouble school mechanical teacher giving test test geography worse worse mother shaken head inspect geography sector teacher
game fast popular sport country hockey tennis volley ball soccer played soccer haven try imagine ball game head chest thighs catch ball try imagine racing field controlling ball feet try imagine moment excitement kick ball goal score team soccer say play soccer sport match excitement eleven players soccer team ten players cover half field player goalie player block pass shoot halfbacks specialize getting ball forwards shooting goal fullbacks blocking diagram shows formations soccer goalie opposite end field game begins center field toss coin whichever captain wins toss ball kick direction goal need play soccer soccer ball goal boundary markers game played open field lot official playing field measures yards yards wide
ago satellite circled earth space age begun space travel research important able adapt space products earth products affect everyday lives ways hospitals equipment developed result space research nurses doctors close watch patients means machines called monitors heart care unit patients hooked machines look tv screens room nearby large instrument panel set receive information patient monitor nurse doctor tell glance patient heartbeat temperature breathing pattern large monitor act computer store information doctors nurses give patient medical attention monitor helps instantly patient condition moment monitor records patient difficulty help lives lost saved system space studies hospital monitoring equipment scientists engineers developed machines devices space travel medical advances developed result studies space flight affects human body
laboratory experience demonstrates digestion starch diastase saliva process digestion activity carried living things diastase saliva alive substances products living things diastase essential plants saliva animals keeping alive living things carry activities addition digestion nonliving materials daily lives meet types matter living matter matter part living thing matter alive part living thing living thing dog rose bush called organism matter makes organism produced organism called organic matter examples organic matter wool wood sugar matter alive part organism called inorganic matter examples inorganic matter sand glass steel organism compared inorganic object important difference noted organisms carry activities inorganic objects activities enable organism stay alive called activities processes carrying activities plants animals require energy activities concerned producing energy activities energy energy production cease activities stop organism die
laboratory experience shows differences elements compounds compounds mixtures study elements compounds mixtures living nonliving things sulfur iron examples elements ordinary methods break substance sulfur iron element defined substance changed substance ordinary means naturally occurring elements present additional smallest unit element properties element called atom individual atom small seen millions joined identical atoms form mass visible substance call element atoms element alike atoms element elements tend unite elements unite definite proportions weight element iron sulfur unite proportion approximately weight units iron weight units sulfur discovered laboratory experience mass resulted heating iron sulfur mixture differed appearance original iron sulfur mass compound called iron sulfide iron sulfide black color nonmagnetic compound substance composed elements united definite proportions weight
means microscope able learn internal structure living things study lettuce skin shows skin constructed small units cells observe specimens parts plant plant find similar structure specimens animal tissue show constructed cells plants animals types cells aid performing organism activities cell smallest unit living thing composed aids living thing carrying activities bodies organisms composed cells buildings composed bricks elements composed atoms larger organisms consist cells smaller organisms organisms ameba microscopic size consist cell organisms humans large consist millions millions cells cells vary greatly size shape internal structure basically similar cell plant animal main parts nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane structures alive protoplasm living material cell cell mass protoplasm nucleus plant cells structure cell wall found animal cells
natural surroundings environment green plants food serve food supply animals laboratory study elodea fish illustrated statement observed plant fish exposed light jar water organisms lived longer organisms jars elodea fish live favorable influence influenced conditions live conditions light darkness natural environment organism influenced sets conditions set conditions consists nonliving part environment part includes air water food heat light set conditions consists living part environment part includes organisms species organisms species organism survives period continually struggles environment temperature drops organism survive escape cold adjust food scarce organism able compete organisms food attacked enemy organism means escape living thing possesses special features characteristics enable survive struggle exist
america young soil fertile natural resources result overfarming overcutting timber overhunting resources began dwindle fertile soil loam experiment poor sand clay soil forests destroyed species wildlife nearly completely extinct natural balance balance nature tendency numbers organisms community remain unchanged natural conditions balance temporarily upset normal feeding habits organisms community soon restore natural balance numbers growing season food plentiful increase number rabbits area increase number hawks eat rabbits fed hawks reproduce larger larger numbers devour rabbits number rabbits dwindle result food numerous hawks die starvation soon number hawks decreases number rabbits begins increase eventually number rabbits number hawks return original level area organisms carry activities materials environment give materials repeated shifting materials organisms environment forms natural cycles circulations materials
water essential activities living things water wasted excessive runoff unfit pollution large amount rainfall running streams empty lake sea lost unavailable soil excessive runoff result removal vegetation hillsides improper plowing failure install dams streams likely flood water impurities harmful living things called polluted water water polluted sewage homes wastes factories impurities water kill fish water plants diseases humans excessive runoff rainfall checked planting grass evergreen trees hills adjoining fields contour plowing terracing building dams practices conserve water conserve soil water protected pollution sewage disposal plants allowing sewage wastes empty directly lakes streams oceans learn harm polluted water realize importance helping water clean forests valuable numerous reasons forest floor spongy absorbs water prevents soil erosion floods forests provide wood producing building materials furniture paper chemicals provide places wild animals live enjoy camping outdoor activities
shown fig heart saclike muscular organ divided hollow chambers sections upper chambers called auricles auricles receive blood veins pump lower chambers called ventricles ventricles pump blood heart arteries valves flaps tissue prevent backward flow blood located auricle ventricle base arteries attached heart walls heart composed mainly involuntary muscle tissue thickness muscle wall chamber heart varies pumping muscle wall auricles thinner walls ventricles auricles pump blood short distance ventricles ventricle thicker walls auricles ventricle pumps blood lungs left ventricle thickest walls chambers heart left ventricle pumps blood longest distance rest body heart contracts relaxes times minute average adult rest rate varies according age sex health activity individual heartbeat auricles contract force blood ventricles ventricles contract force blood arteries attached relaxation heart blood large veins attached heart enters auricles
colored cells disks thicker edge center small drop blood million red blood cells immature red blood cells nuclei cells fully developed red blood cells lack nuclei red blood cells carry oxygen means hemoglobin present cytoplasm lack hemoglobin red blood cells results condition called anemia hemoglobin blood red color red blood cells wear days broken liver spleen blood storage organ attached circulatory system breakdown products worn red corpuscles part bile important digestion fat red blood cells constantly produced marrow bones colorless cells vary shape move change shape ameba thousand red blood cells white blood cell type white blood cell called phagocyte engulf bacteria invade tissues germs infect body number white blood cells increases germs proved present condition called leukemia blood cancer white blood cells present excessively large numbers blood victims disease types white blood cells produced bone marrow
excretion process dissolved wastes resulting activities cells removed body organism wastes oxidation nutrients destruction excess amino acids activities wastes accumulate poison cells simple organisms paramecium excrete dissolved wastes directly cell membrane means diffusion living water bodies organisms water need special structure paramecium contractile vacuole continuously pumps excess water animal body complex organisms circulating blood removes dissolved wastes cell blood carries wastes special organs wastes blood organs discharge wastes body organs kidneys skin elimination process solid wastes passed body organism wastes mainly remains food materials digested entered protoplasm cell paramecium solid wastes remaining food vacuole eliminated specific spot called anal spot surface animal complex animals undigested materials pass large intestine discharged parts body aid excretion lungs liver urinary system skin
instinct inborn behavior consisting chain reflex acts completion reflex act stimulus starts reflex act turn stimulus reflex act chain eventually act completed examples instincts nest building birds web spinning spiders doubtful humans born instincts act controlled behavior called voluntary stimuli produce voluntary responses begin cerebrum behavior conscious behavior type behavior complex involving nerve pathways connecting nerve cells cerebrum examples voluntary behavior include imagining reasoning making decisions remembering voluntary behavior makes humans adjust greater variety conditions organisms voluntary behavior changed undesirable behavior patterns eating dirty hands improved desirable behavior speaking foreign language acquired learned major methods learning trial error imitation forming habits type learning takes place tries act makes mistakes tries repeats process learns act child solves jigsaw puzzle rapidly attempts learned fit pieces trial error type learning takes place tries watching trying
daily lives numerous distinct kinds animals plants distinct kind organism horse dog housefly lobster rose geranium maple called species species organisms discovered named living things existed earth species extinct unable adjust environment changed species continued live able adjust members species managed carry individual activities reproduce kind died organisms today descendants chapter study living species animals plants seen laboratory experiences organisms classified task studying confusing schemes classification past present scheme based worked carolus linnaeus eighteenth century scheme place organisms similar body structures develop group organisms size habits live environments study body structures development reveal related classified
species roundworms live soil live water parasites animals parasites plants body nematode slender rodlike shape soft composed layers cells middle layer cells encloses body cavity tissues simple organ systems present roundworms possess mouth anus important roundworms hookworm trichina worm examples roundworms threadworm pinworm adult hookworms found attached wall intestine humans live warm regions worms feed host blood eggs hookworm pass host body solid wastes eggs reach moist soil hatch young hookworms worm enters body host boring skin foot worm enters blood carried bloodstream means worm reaches lung organ eventually worm arrives intestine fastens intestinal wall bores blood vessel feeding blood hookworm grows adulthood reproduces worm parasite human pig rat pigs eat rats infested trichina worm infested young trichina worms burrow pig muscles lie inactive sacs human eat pork cooked worms leave sacs enter cavity intestine reproduce
organisms survived environment possess traits suitable organisms reproduce traits passed offspring means offspring traits suitable parents development traits generation offspring controlled genes offspring inherit explained chapter page discussions dealing cell reproduction mitosis genes located chromosomes organisms reproduce asexual method inheritance simple mitosis major process involved reproduction mitosis genes set chromosomes parent cell copies forming sets set chromosomes passes daughter cell set daughter cell genes offspring cells identical offspring develop traits parent hand organisms reproduce sexually inheritance complicated processes addition mitosis involved result processes offspring rarely exactly alike resemble parents offspring differ parents differences present organisms species called variations variations organisms reproduce asexually
heredity study organisms inherit resemblances differences austrian monk gregor mendel result experiments garden pea plant succeed explaining heredity chromosomes genes discovered mendel found fundamental laws determine heredity operates found mendel laws generally apply organisms including inherited traits pea plant mendel studied length stem color flower form seed color seed observed opposite contrasting characters traits stems tall short flowers purple white mendel started experiments purebred strains offspring ancestors short pea plants short ancestors tall plants tall ancestors transferred pollen anthers purebred tall plants pistils purebred tall plants allowed purebred tall plant pollinate collecting seeds developed planted found seeds grew tall plants parents words offspring tall mendel pollinated purebred short plants similar experiment found purebred short parents produced short offspring
breeds plants animals knowledge heredity improved continuing improve breeds plants animals carrying improvements plant animal breeders methods method breeders choose mating organisms possess characteristics selection carried generation generation desired type organism produced examples species improved means selection wheat horses breed wheat resists disease called wheat rust originated disease resistant seeds plants grew seeds produce grain generations plants gave largest crops crossed eventually improved breed called kanred wheat established breed resists rust disease yields large quantity grain acre similar fashion speedier race horses developed generation generation breeders selected parents swiftest horses method organisms breeds desirable trait crossed hybridization called crossbreeding hybrid organisms grow larger size vigorous parental breeds examples hybrid corn mule hybrid corn major type corn grown united states developed pure types corn plants
think animal pond think large animals fish frogs turtles hundreds kinds animals depending part country live find muskrat beaver marten otter mink animals breathe lungs hold breath swim water marten otter mink feed chiefly fish muskrat beaver eat parts plants mainly bark tender plant shoots muskrats eat small water animals ducks herons feed water edge ducks plant material herons fish frogs animals birds redwing blackbird live water feed plant kinds reptiles turtles live ponds turtles eat pond plants eat pond animals fish frogs insects water snakes eat fish frogs course frogs toads salamanders live ponds animals lay eggs water eggs hatch tadpoles case frogs toads tiny salamanders breathe gills fish finally change adults lungs adults feed insects small animals course fish
sunlight called white light composed colors prism shown drawing separates white light colors diagram colors spectrum range red violet encompassing colors visible naked eye infrared ultraviolet rays visible considered part spectrum sunlight penetrates water absorbed travels downward notice drawing red rays travel short distance blue green rays penetrate greatest depths deeper levels water light penetrates human eye detect completely dark deeply light penetrates depends things varies according cloudiness water number plants growing water season convenient think oceans divided main horizontal layers lighted layer unlighted layer lighted layer depth light plants live unlighted layer course remainder ocean depth horizontal layers vary greatly place place expect surface ocean generally warmer deepest levels
orleans fly gulf mexico caribbean sea south america soon equator brazil parachute earth tropical rain forest land airplane jungle cut parachute cords landed giant tree feet high vines stretching branches trouble swinging coming tree top level matter fact excellent learn rain forests ground realize tropical rain forest layers giant trees towering feet higher form layer grow layers trees layer grow feet tall group trees forms layer tops feet ground layer reach feet height slipped vine catch layers trees ground imagine environments differ layers tropical forest top trees course full sunlight
living thing constant supply materials order live foods stored animal plant body living thing developed means storing oxygen living cell provided constantly supply oxygen cease continuous supply oxygen quit breathing born hold breath short course oxygen air lungs continues diffusing blood stream carbon dioxide continues diffusing blood lungs finally breathe respiratory system steadily provide oxygen blood stream steadily release carbon dioxide blood word respiration refer solely breathing recall breathing means getting air lungs inhaling removing air excess carbon dioxide returned body lungs exhaling respiration includes oxidation food living cells transportation oxygen cells removal carbon dioxide result cellular respiration cells respiration includes goes inside cells transporting oxygen carbon dioxide cells lungs exchange gases blood lungs breathing process
cut small twig tree examine read interesting structures cutting twig twig look shown drawing page refer drawing twig read things notice swellings tip twig examine closely notice covered overlapping tiny scales swellings buds covered bud scales protect pull bud scales buds twigs notice soft greenish tissue underneath tissue growth tissue ready start active cell division stimulated warmth spring buds resting dormant protected bud scales dying spring watch opening buds trees bushes cut twigs variety trees bushes studying chapter place jars water examine buds days find buds swelling develop leaves twigs cut flowering bushes forsythia willow flowers
remember investigation diffusion page plant animal membrane lies solutions concentrations diffusion membrane occurs water actually diffuses ways goes faster side dissolved substances side dissolved substances cell membrane root hair lies water soil dissolved materials cell fluids cell fluids dissolved materials water cell cell fluids sugars materials water diffuses soil cell membrane carrying dissolved materials inside root hair cell water diffuses cell cell reaches xylem tissue tissue carried root stem leaves diffusion means accounts fully absorption substances dissolved soil water scientists account observations instance root hairs absorb minerals selectively words minerals diffuse root hair cell concentration mineral greater inside cell soil water knows explanation active absorption apparently defies principle diffusion event important thing remember root hairs active part selecting absorbing materials soil
opposite page photographs ten animals group course easy reason able clear animals show relationships basis structure surely animals feathers closer relationship animals fur moment similarly animals fur closer relationship animals scales gills basis body structures group organisms readily large groupings phyla instance animals insects crayfish lobsters spiders belong phylum arthropoda arthropods lack internal skeletons jointed legs animals belong phylum chordata hollow nerve cord dorsal upper side adults young animals backbones belong chordata study animal group say phylum fish rabbit chordates fish gills scales fins lays eggs water rabbit lungs fur legs lay eggs birth live rabbits studied fish learn rabbit reason understand grouping classification phylum grouping
antibiotics present weapon wide variety communicable diseases bacterial pneumonia chief killer took thousands lives bacterial pneumonia widespread antibiotics scarlet fever chief killer children easily controlled antibiotics today deaths blood poisoning infections streptococcic staphylococcic bacteria extremely common deaths rare goes entire range bacterial diseases penicillin antibiotic discovered english scientist named alexander fleming noticed bit mold fallen culture bacteria working apparently destroyed bacteria transferred mold culture bacteria found mold produced destroyed bacteria experimentation discovered extract bacteria destroying substance produced mold found substance known penicillin extremely effective stopping growth disease bacteria inside human body penicillin antibiotics molds bacteria streptomycin chloromycetin obtained bacteria bacteria important industrial processes vinegar kinds cheese sauerkraut foods require bacterial action bacteria acetone photographic film explosives products kind bacteria methyl alcohol kind makes butyl alcohol
truly successful land plants means reproduction depend water develop methods reproduction evolutionary journey journey began evidence types plants rhynia subphylum psilopsida rhynia named village rhynie northern scotland fossils plant recently found rhynia simple plant fossil species inches tall underground stems called rhizomes erect stems true roots absent rhynia rhizoids present aerial stem branched psilopsids branches ended reproductive organ numerous spores spores walls covered tough substance cutin enabled spores survive dry conditions spores survive resting period spread dispersed cross sections stem rhynia examined showed layer thick walled epidermis cells stomata covering cutin stem cells contained chloroplasts enabling carry photosynthesis center stem strand conducting tissue xylem phloem conducting bundles corn examined chapter rhynia bundle located center stem
collect earthworms digging find night flashlight earthworms fun study find large worms night crawler makes study easier unlike animals studied earthworm large easily arrangement body structures learn anatomy earthworm examining head end tail end ends mouth opening anus think moment tell living earthworm head end suppose living worm moist paper towel let crawl earthworm crawls end front direction movement help decide worm head end tail end ends earthworm top side bottom side suppose turned earthworm notice quickly turns conclude top dorsal side bottom ventral side examine surface earthworm closely notice body covered slick slimy substance substance called mucus
let look common insect grasshopper spring weather warm small grasshoppers hatch eggs laid hole previous fall look grass fields spring able find miniature grasshoppers look exactly adult grasshoppers stubbier wings newly hatched insects look adults fact look altogether young larvae butterflies caterpillars look parents young grasshopper feeds plants days molts exoskeleton splits young grasshopper crawls soft hides grass exoskeleton hardened active eats molting occurs times grasshopper grows maturity wings start molt find stage early summer wings look small pads grasshoppers generally feed locally hopping plant food scarce nearby fly fairly distances find nourishment pests ruin crops acres corn plants stripped look giant machine cut shredded grasshoppers find usual green plant food attack cotton wool clothing
thought mollusk clam higher invertebrate studied large octopus squid assumed readily mollusks higher invertebrates size necessarily indication complexity development study arthropods concept increasing complexity basis classifying arthropods higher invertebrates easier understand read consider carefully facts arthropods believe facts support statement arthropods highly developed invertebrates arthropods largest varied phylum animal kingdom largest class arthropods class insecta eighteen times species insects species entire vertebrate phylum belongs insects vary tremendously body form distinguishing characteristic class adults legs bodies adult insects divided parts head thorax abdomen grasshopper fairly typical insects young insects look adults young insects bees flies butterflies look tiny worms grasshopper insects simple eyes pair compound eyes grasshopper biting chewing mouth parts insects sucking mouth parts
problems town fundamental problems survival changed million struggled survive environment fed enemies evidence characteristics assign organism place genus homo examine closely fossil skulls heads reconstructed paleontologists scientists study extinct modern genus homo neanderthal appeared scene late pleistocene ago fossils skeletons short heavy boned strong reconstructed notice heavy face prominent ridges eyes sloping forehead notice heavy jaws small chin neanderthal large head capacity volume cranium cubic centimeters average capacity cranium modern cubic centimeters flint tools buried dead neanderthal intelligent social organization able survive environment full large hostile animals classified homo sapiens wise species member homo neanderthalensis species
imagine south american native ill fever imagine attempt cure witch doctor dressed awe inspiring costume magic dance uttering magic words giving sick magic powder suppose treatment continues week days week treatment patient recovers responsible magic rites magic drug passage week body natural immunity overcame illness responsible cure say responsible effect cure suppose magic drug prepared bark cinchona tree bark cinchona tree drug quinine acts depress fevers especially malaria conclude drug responsible recovery confirm hypothesis insisted drug magic dance magic words ago finding answers questions trial error method generally true greek arabian philosophers italian physicians investigators begun invent method invent ways things known scientific method experimental method
scientist values accuracy values truth prize experience art investigation investigated help teacher authors book fact apprentice investigation suggestions titled investigation learned investigate meant giving energy giving considerable thought investigate knowledge investigator values accuracy truth plants animals conserve conserve means wisely conservation conserve sequoias sequoias conserve eagle eagle conserve means choices choices means thing conserve soil mean plow plant crops wheat corn apples grapes pecans conserve forest mean cut part free land order build homes choices build build plow land plow choices values play large part choices science scientist acting citizen choices citizen choices
brahmadatta ruled hare lived western ocean grove palm vilva trees sitting vilva tree hare suddenly thought heard earthquakes earth shakes starts break pieces earthquake start worrying vilva fruit fell tree landed ground loud thud jumping terror hare cried dear happening earth breaking started running ocean hare saw rushing half frightened death asked matter hare cried stopping earth breaking hearing hare began run hare joined hares racing ocean seen deer boar elk buffalo wild ox rhinoceros tiger elephant animals turn heard earth breaking started run number grew grew earth covered running terrified animals young lion asleep cave high hillside awakened thundering feet looked cave amazed headlong flight thousands animals
think books remember stories pictures information read books important parts front parts book give extra information main part body book title page front book title page book names author publisher copyright date title page tells book published book science check information date front part book includes table contents table contents lists names chapters units book tells pages begin section find book handbook handbook lists important rules facts body book book special difficult words glossary handbook glossary alphabetical list special words definitions books index index tells page find topic words index listed alphabetically english book answer questions title book
folk tales stories told generation generation country region folk tales repetition emphasize details story folk tales surprise endings folk tale characters unusual conversations city accra gulf guinea country garden dig yams market digging yams re weeded digging stick leave farmer turned looked cow amazement cow chewing cud looking say asked cow chewing dog spoke wasn cow spoke dog yam yam says leave angry dog talked didn tone took knife cut branch palm tree whip dog palm tree put branch getting upset things going started throw palm branch palm branch put softly
soldier walking home wars village wind cold sky gray soldier hungry stopped house edge village asked eat soldier stopped house asked eat big pot soldier yes big iron pot water asked yes plenty water fill pot water put fire soldier soup stone soup stone stone makes soup soldier gathered round wonder woman house filled big pot water hung fire soldier took stone pocket looked stone pick road tossed pot let boil sat wait pot boil spare bit salt soldier course woman pulled salt box soldier took fistful threw big pot sat wait carrots taste soldier longingly
ago island called crete lived wicked king named minos minos wife wife mother strange monster called minotaur minotaur half half bull minos want wife mother monster thought secret asked clever named daedalus build labyrinth labyrinth place passageways hard find daedalus lived country greece son named icarus daedalus icarus sailed crete build labyrinth minotaur daedalus built labyrinth minotaur inside find matter hard tried king minos happy thanked daedalus helping daedalus wanted sail son greece minos let wanted daedalus stay invent things help minos daedalus icarus put prison stay crete daedalus icarus wanted home escape prison daedalus thought home son minos blocked ways escape land water
ago land israel lived boy named david david brave loved god heart days israel war philistines invaded country plunder steal israelites chase philistines country win single victory dare attack afraid goliath terrible giant tall tree body covered armor wore brass helmet goliath walked israelites mocked shouted don send heroes fight afraid cowards stronger put roared laughter cursed israelites cursed god dared chase trembled fear look david brothers soldiers israelite army david visit arrived goliath shouting insults david heard mock soldiers curse god angry let giant frighten asked soldiers forgotten god side fight goliath fight
famous leonardo da leonardo lived italy ago famous wrote words bridges dig canals blow castles invent kinds cannons build warships underground passages days peace design beautiful houses statues paint pictures things leonardo inventor invented wheelbarrow parachute machine gun designed airplanes submarines knew numbers stars rocks plants excellent musician write poem fine statue leonardo known beautiful paintings boy took art lessons painted beautiful angel teacher paintings teacher famous painter saw angel leonardo painted greater painter leonardo grew painted famous paintings called supper mona lisa satisfied things leonardo
city place buildings cbd trade specialists government food sale places learning exactly today ago place buildings things talked city days easy tell cities ended walls separated cities countryside passed gates walls city city things looked buildings crowded land covered farms trees city farmers today things today leave city notice change kinds buildings kinds bit bit things begin change takes country pass suburbs suburbs areas cities word suburbs comes latin language ancient romans latin word urbs means city part word means suburbs cities country cities live suburbs suburbs crowded cities
scientists say united states urbanized recognize part word comes urbs latin word city urbanized place place city today united states urbanized features city living found ten americans live urbanized part country cities spreading ways places small cities grown large small cities depend larger satellites depend larger planets called satellite cities satellite cities united states rochelle york satellite york city examples major city satellites suburbs metropolitan area largest metropolitan area size united states york city includes parts jersey connecticut parts york million live metropolitan area today americans live metropolitan area metropolitan areas grew scientists began study soon noticed happens drop stone water makes water ripple circle drop stones water ripples form ripples push touch
scientist invented word strip land called megalopolis word comes greek words mega means large polis means city megalopolis sort super city megalopolis east coast united states called wash think wash largest megalopolis united states forming stretches chicago illinois pittsburgh pennsylvania called chi called san san reaches san francisco san diego pacific coast finally ja mi runs florida eastern coast jacksonville miami find farms open spaces strips land disappearing crowded homes businesses live megalopolis cities depend cities earning living urbanization mean strips land wash spread touch united states covered tall buildings pavement experts think happen experts think spread cities affect problems cities problems americans fact problems
worked answers questions learned count measure invented mathematics watched sun moon moved times learned divide months weeks days hours minutes measurements today began science astronomy working things put buildings easier put buildings worked began living place things happened early believed gods controlled lives believed gods crops grow brought luck understand gods priests priests kings early cities kings heads government food specialists priests builders wanted things villages began trade villages rivers highways wait scientists extra food buildings trade learning government remember things don places things cities early villages ago learned live cities look map shows half
woolley workmen dug large houses temples hit stone stone woolley found stone ur stone dragged desert expensive important woolley workmen found tomb nearby found tombs inside tombs beautiful objects found mesopotamia glasses silver bowls gold necklaces jewels beautiful things riches buried owners tombs objects woolley found able prove ur city fact oldest large city earth early ur history terrible happened city covered layer mud feet thick forced leave ur brought mud archaeologists looked answer bible god noah ark wood bring living thing ark pass days waters flood earth rain earth forty days forty nights archaeologists looked proof north ur city city called nineveh nineveh archaeologists found clay tablets
rome city city city land controls ur city controlled large area land food needed rulers rome thought lands part roman city empire ruled rome city rule large empire living rome rule faraway areas rule empire rome divided land separate regions regions called provinces rome rule provinces called governors chosen ruler rome emperor romans took province things set cities parts empire cities areas romans helped cities grow areas empire cities romans built cities provinces helped rome rule empire conquered rome north west empire lived villages knew city areas romans built cities cities centers conquered provinces cities camps roman army roman soldiers live cities government officials merchants
growth industry created news kinds jobs factories needed railroads steamships needed build machines factories workers spent jobs clothes buy clothing stores opened london shopowners london needed hire shops factories shops needed clerks clerks copied filed letters records money earned money paid worked jobs created industrial revolution wages rich poor part london rapidly growing middle class growth industry london rich industrialists owned controlled industries industrialists factory owners bankers merchants industrial revolution helped london grow london largest city industry trade london business center london busy city noisy crowded rushed sidewalks carts wagons jammed streets streets london streets alive carriages carts wagons form chain traffic eye
fly city airplane tall buildings cbd fly suburbs suburbs countryside countryside forests fields lakes streams farmhouses villages airplane city country look separate places separate ways tied tightly city dead place concrete steel fact city live city breathe clean air drink clean water eat food things city reach countryside live city visit country find country city live country visit city find city country room city grow food land city homes stores factories roads parks food city grown countryside brought city railroad truck airplane food comes city car live city
cities depend countryside clean air air river flows slowly west east fresh clean air countryside flows west city dirty air city flows east air flows ocean flows countryside pollution falls air rain washes pollution air flows city clean air flow city sits city pollution cars homes factories flows electric power plants pollute air fuels oil coal gas burned electricity electricity run toaster television air conditioner polluting air pollution mixes air makes air hazy air smell bad polluted air sick air stays dirty weather winds start blow dirty air flows cities change climate country trees grass lakes streams hot weather trees grass cool area lakes rivers cool area cities cooled natural ways cities built asphalt concrete iron steel
soft coo coo mixes sound car engine sound comes small birdcage reaches cage pulls homing pigeon ties note leg lets bird car window flies home note wife soon message going late dinner found fight rush hour traffic millions americans fight traffic daily traffic getting worse city transportation bad story begins thousands ago cities needed transportation earliest cities trade centers grew rivers sea trade routes think cities grew places transportation early cities poor food brought cities nearby farmland carried animals carried quickly meant early cities grow large food small number transportation helped cities grow big step forward invention wheel knows wheel invented scientists think wheels ago wheels put cars food brought cities easily
chicago grew erie canal erie canal opened ran cities york buffalo albany chicago built canal lake michigan illinois river float heavy goods southward chicago water connections gulf mexico goods flowed chicago water beginning chicago growth trade center real traffic railroads early railroads path older trade routes built carry goods soon rail lines direction chicago center national rail network iron rails brought chicago raw materials nation coal pennsylvania virginia cattle western prairies grain hogs midwest iron ore minnesota chicago huge elevators built store grain factories built steel products stockyards full cattle spread acres land slaughterhouses meat packing plants grew nearby chicago shipped meat country invention railroad refrigerator car helped chicago grow think industries brought jobs chicago grew grew highways built city center road network air routes crossed country passed chicago
trolley cars ran tracks powered electricity electric wires strung air tracks trolley arm reached touched wires electricity flowed arm trolley motor trolley cars faster horse cars pull steep hills ease wheels screeched rails turned trolleys soon popular carried millions americans cities today trolleys left disappear winter wires covered ice trolleys run automobile wheels stuck trolley tracks cities grew needed transportation routes trolley tracks fixed place cities needed run roads answer buses gasoline engine buses gasoline engines power buses move horse cars trolleys buses helped move cities added city traffic city streets crowded wagons carriages later trucks automobiles crowding hard move large cities streets blocked traffic jams cities solved problem city london solved going underground beneath traffic
wissous suburb suburb paris france ago wissous tiny farming town paris big city happened wissous suburb hundred ago farmers wissous rose dawn morning fields tiny store shopping grew food clothes wissous paris farmer business city hitched buggy horses left early morning dark spent fields inventions changed wissous invention car car person drive paris quickly farmers money buy cars need farmers paris paris wissous invention created need travel paris wissous invention airplane paris needed airport nearby wissous distance biggest airport paris built wissous reason travel paris wissous needed travel airport city
nineteenth century europeans immigrated united states means country live large number immigrants southern eastern europe settled lower east side york city knew find home countries immigrants arrived lower east side slum houses neighborhood run streets dark narrow immigrants flocked neighborhood improve rents lower east side low immigrant families money pay low rents immigrant families share housing intended family neighborhood crowded run words worse slum beginning twentieth century immigrant families living lower east side italian jewish italians jews live lived separate sections neighborhood sections called ghettos ghetto section city minority group forced live reasons reason afford live reason practice religion reason residents city want live
cities water space past cities built bodies water today cities built water sort land building platforms shallow water buildings built platforms york city plan shore manhattan island cities sea built separate parts parts built factories part city complete floated place parts added needed part longer needed city floated city live completely city ocean canadian company planned city built miles east coast england water shallow lot natural gas sea natural gas power sea city look huge sports arena stands building wind carried city inside walls kind bay bay opening sea homes businesses main building floating islands bay sea city place spend vacation
animals learned live kinds places learned hunt eat foods bodies changed say adapted places tell animal adapted place lives learned live kinds places kinds places live live animals live places adapted animals change earth adapt birds fly south warm weather cold winter months heat homes warm winter learned change earth suit needs live australia live desert hard find food water desert hard find things need move camping place travel distances adapted place live hunters find food working help need need ago hunted fished food gathered wild plants eat lived small bands moved looking food learned food learned plant food raise animals
wrote constitution decided census country decided count living united states tell americans washington agreed james madison president advisers things mind counting madison counting tell americans won tell counting won answer question asked washington answer big question american ask questions find answers ask questions census washington liked madison ideas soon census takers traveling country counting americans asking answer questions census takers large small towns tiny villages farms homesteads deep frontier forests mountains finished counting americans asking questions census takers gave findings president advisers guess information added indians living regions united states discovered united states nearly million answered question told president advisers americans
indians hunted trapped kinds animals large small animals scarce gathered wild plant foods caught fish early indians learned farm land changed groups began live entirely farming main crops corn squash kinds beans indians combined hunting gathering wild foods farming fishing groups ways land farming continued live hunting gathering food indians simple tools stone knives cutting piercing scrapers scraping meat animal bones choppers chopping food spears bows arrows hunting fishhooks fishing simple hoes farming indians iron tools fact metals practical tasks getting preparing food indians metals decorations indians ornaments copper indians mexico central south america beautiful objects gold silver indians skilled making baskets beautiful pottery indians seen wheels indian toys wheels found mexico indians wheel help indians domesticated animals help
read indians lived america tribe indians bit tribes developed reason indian tribes settled places stayed alaska need kinds clothing houses settled hot dry land mexico settled eastern woodlands develop customs lived treeless plains europeans america learn live land found learn protect cold england winters learn plants found growing america find mountain barriers order move west land north america helped shape history settled let look land continent north america extends atlantic ocean pacific ocean arctic ocean south america connected south america narrow strip land occupied country panama western continent high mountainous mountain ranges run alaska south central america largest mountain ranges rocky mountains find map page
colonies america started english york york began dutch settlement dutch looking henry hudson english sea captain hired dutch trading company find northern water route east tried arctic route times failed sailed coast north america maine virginia looking passage land finally found river entered explored today bears hudson river dutch ships build small huts tip manhattan island fort orange trading posts collect furs indians trading company brought dutch settlers netherland called area claimed encourage permanent settlers gave large pieces land wealthy called patroons patroons paid fare small farmers travel america join land small farmers agreed patroon pay rent land patroon let dutchmen eager accept invitation patroons holland fairly wealthy country holland religious problems
find philippine islands map find southernmost big island group deep heart mountain rain forest live small group scientists call tasadays tasaday lived high mountains mountain land sun seldom shines trees vines block sun thousands tasadays lived hard climb steep mountains rain forest ago hunter nearby community mountain land tasadays began change scientists say tasadays stone age live cities crowds television typewriters tasadays live lived ago scientists believe studying tasadays find ago pages story writer visited tasadays read ask tasaday kinds tools tasaday tools ago tasaday food need money things need think food
half million ago looked look page notebook human beings describe look colored skins colored eyes colored hair alike ways fact alike makes roses puppies snakes describe head makes able read page makes able page hear hear loud noise screech car brakes eat chew food able eat kinds foods look hands spread wide front look dog paw things hand fly kite hold kite wind string attach paper wood frame tape thumb palm hand try kite hold scissors hammer frame string tail important thumb early thumb scientists say thumb early creature earth
hundred ago spain workmen dug deep earth putting water pipes ground deep ground found bones funny chipped things bones belonged elephants funny chipped things tools look tools soon scientists began study bones tools began read evidence scientists ancient lived studying bones tools scientists believe ancient homo erectus believe homo erectus hunted animals lighted fires believe homo erectus kinds tools scientists found kinds tools africa scientists believe everywere began tools taught children tools children taught children kinds tools early going simple hammer look materials early looked picked fallen branch tree threw animal stick knock piece fruit tree maybe learned cook piece meat end stick began tools means stone branch found
civilization yellow river valley isolated civilizations early chinese region thought land center called chung kuo means middle kingdom study geography country easy yellow river valley developed look map china page shows natural features china mountains deserts bodies water natural features west yellow river valley east north south valley think natural features difficult cross civilization early china isolated civilization began yellow river valley lasted means china longest history country china past scientists called archaeologists information archaeologists study objects ancient left tools weapons pottery sculpture paintings archaeologists try imagine ancient things archaeologists study written records left ancient earliest written chinese records period chinese history known shang dynasty shang group settled yellow river valley ago past knew shang legends
china changed lot days shang dynasty types government today country million times united states fact living today chinese united states knew modern china governments countries allow americans visit china today foreigners allowed visit china countries important information mysterious land unit read reports foreign journalists visited china read reports compare learn china united states today chinese call country republic china cooperation hard modern chinese country strongest nations story ancient chinese legend mao tung favorite stories mao tung leader chinese government lived northern china called foolish north mountain house faced giant mountains huge blocked view foolish decided dig mountains
description chinese commune written german journalist commune visited founded series villages visited villages shown chicken farm chickens low clay buildings building yards hold chickens greenhouses buildings heated shown cucumbers grown commune sold greenhouse vegetables peking store store bright room sales counter shelves walls kinds goods clothing shoes candy canned goods fruit buildings belonged village buildings belonged commune included hospital hospital set surrounded fields commune pays cost running hospital earnings member commune pays yearly fee hospital visit middle school school students teachers relay race held playground saw classes math class students busy fractions workshop students shovels heavy tin shovels sold city saw big workshop
small bear halfway tepee felt tugging braid going small bear heard voice small bear knew tugging braid sister yellow bird girl family move making sound small bear let yellow bird girl tonight tonight excited father told buffalo hunt small bear sister bed headed low hills west indian camp walked breathed deeply enjoyed smell damp earth spring grass indians small bear special feeling earth sky small bear lived close nature knew lot habits animals things grow things told mysterious power reached hills small bear began climbing looked scene circle cheyenne tepees inside tepees small fires cooking heat burning fires tepees glow glowed seen night lights part plains
small bear climbed top hill looked tepees smiled thinking inside tepees thought games playing stories telling small bear thought happened night family tepee bed night sitting fire wolf grandfather began telling stories wolf telling stories cheyenne warriors buffalo hunts small bear thought grandfather telling stories excited listened soon stories finished bed small bear left tepee small bear excited father told buffalo hunt hunters ready young small bear camp watched ride practice bow care horses knew sports kick ball wheel game hunters liked small bear listened stories adventures knew small bear eager knew respected
months later small bear friends running wolf lame deer spotted dog fun course shouted let going play trick small bear re going horses small bear want lots horses wanted horse week scouting party heard coming hid saw large group shoshone indians shoshone chief riding large white horse moment small bear saw horse knew thought act quickly camp break soon small bear spent days asking friendly indians knew shoshone camp found shoshone camped place called bent hills small bear knew bent hills days journey friends asked night young braves set foot stopped eat sleep want hunt small bear friends took care seen listened strange sounds looked signs smoke newly turned soil bent grass watched eagles eagles circled animals saw ground
ashanti weak tribe stronger tribes attack ashanti drive lands ashanti forced jungle jungle ashanti find peace strong neighboring tribe fought ashanti took lands slaves ashanti poor forever coast africa changed ashanti lives european traders looking gold slaves send europe america landed coast miles kumasi large ashanti town find kumasi map page british merchants coast africa deal ashanti began send guns exchange slaves gold ashanti leader guns defeat neighboring tribes ashanti leader osei tutu ashanti king osei tutu enslaved neighboring british guns guns capture slaves send british british slaves america europeans lot money slave trade found lot gold area reasons part africa called gold coast ashanti grew rich powerful trade
west coast africa country called nigeria nigeria called giant wakening nigeria rich rich petroleum palm oil tin iron peanuts beginning learn wealth wealth nigeria hundreds ago powerful kingdoms nigeria kingdoms known africa nigeria earn livings nigeria today modern industrial machines factories tall buildings stand largest cities look picture page picture page nigeria nation october nigeria won independence britain nigeria rule independence country changed quickly read unit figure nigeria changed try answer questions took place nigeria touch everyday nigerian going nigeria look map nigeria page important geographic feature country niger means river guess nigeria west africa rivers distance transportation niger
ago europeans began explore began looking places trade travelers marco polo told distant lands filled exciting riches goods travelers brought foreign goods showed friends rulers countries european countries eager find routes wealthy lands heard soon big european countries sending sailors find ways places places sailors explore africa british africa ago europeans trading nigeria traded slaves palm oil slavery ended british british middle industrial revolution building bigger factories inventing machines finding ways things trade countries increased need palm oil growing british began buy palm oil british gave nigerians guns ammunition cloth brandy scissors mirrors kettles british want palm oil oiling engines making soap making cheap substitute butter british nigerians rich palm oil trade nigerians entered palm oil business
young want live farms lives grew tired began leave farms cities east cities talk excitement chances money suddenly cities grew spread young farm cities hundreds thousands immigrants poured europe group dreams united states poor hungry wanted freedom united states families hoped find freedom land immigrants poor landed stay city ship docked took find feed families hired factory jobs wanted jobs paid money factory owners hired immigrants hired poor children parents find children hours money immigrants writer lives boy mother worked mill oakland california author jack london worked factory boy
steamboats railroads america living twentieth century automobile airplane brought greater automobiles unpopular farmers reckless drivers ran dogs chickens cars frightened horses pulling wagons buggies caused accidents car broke laugh driver horse cry farmers sprinkle road tacks put holes car tires afraid automobile farmer cars united states automobile helped end loneliness farmer drive visit neighbors trips nearby town henry ford cheap car ordinary trust afford ford mass produce cars ford workmen simple job turning screw partly finished car moved past worker task car finished ford famous car tin lizzie hired write jokes car jokes told america joke ford follows bridge answer tin tin short wanted car
computers invented solve hard mathematical problems business government hundreds ways computer part lives changed lives knowing ways computers serve policeman sees car driven dangerously stops driver questions driver acts strange policeman radios description license number car police station computer flashes information computers country minutes answer comes car stolen days ago hundreds miles computer police week information pretend head large department store sell things candy bars washing machines want sure plenty things customers buy run things customers buy store past asked workers track sold turn reports deal computer job item sold pair ice skates sweater set dishes toy auto racing set worker tears part sales tag puts envelope
pharaoh officials help govern egypt collected taxes checked irrigation works carried pharaoh law high officials belonged privileged class nobles privileged priests took care religious activities nobles priests lived fine houses beautiful gardens servants importance nobles priests scribes educated records wrote letters honored profession scribes demand egyptian father advised son learn write greater advantage trades listed school forever mountains beneath nobles priests scribes egyptian society small middle class merchants craftsmen masses poor peasants lived small huts worked land dawn sunset large part crops rent taxes required help build temples tombs pharaohs bottom society slaves acquired egypt conquered lands ancient common practice enslave prisoners war egypt slaves household servants nobles priests slaves outstanding ability appointed important positions government slaves forced pharaoh gold copper mines
greeks city states things common spoke language believed gods participated athletic contests considered non greeks called barbarians greeks politically united greek loyal city city states war mighty persian empire threatened conquer greece greeks put quarrels united crucial period history civilization greeks defeated developed rich lasting civilization loss mankind athens thorn side persian empire helped greek city states asia minor revolted persia athens defeated persian army punish xerxes king persia powerful ruler decided power crush proud athenians conquer greece foot horseback ship army xerxes hundred thousand ships moved greece persian army reached hellespont strait part waterway connecting black sea mediterranean ships positioned close planks laid serve bridges carry huge army strait
cannae battle studied military schools hannibal showed genius commander deliberately pulled center army drawing romans pocket carthaginian cavalry swung rear tightly packed roman soldiers romans trapped hannibal infantry cavalry force including barbarian tribesmen gaul hannibal defeated roman army twenty thousand romans killed captured worst disasters roman history roman historian livy battlefield field roman soldiers lay dead thousands wounded covered blood dispatched quick blow struggled rise corpses found alive sinews thighs knees sliced baring throats necks begging spill blood left heads buried ground apparently dug holes smothering faces earth choked death rome shocked learned defeat streets loud wailing weeping women wrote livy rome feared hannibal march capital prevent panic senate ordered women children stay home desperate manpower rome armed slaves
reign augustus successor emperor tiberius palestinian jew named jesus executed roman authorities paid attention incident understood place important events history known jesus childhood jewish youths jesus likely attended jewish place worship synagogue rabbis taught ancient hebrew law grew manhood jesus felt called god aid sick unfortunate spread message love fellow jews hebrew prophets jesus denounced wicked rich urged love neighbors god heeded god word jesus told enter heaven ties early christiantiy judaism strong christianity began jews mary mother jesus husband joseph jesus early followers jews judaism christianity obtained basic beliefs idea god demands prophets avoid evil care weak poor oppressed insistence obey god commands concepts messiah belief testament sacred writing jews followers jesus jews doubted jesus messiah lead jews holy war roman conquerors
sharp contrast confucius emphasis ethics philosophy legalism reliance human conduct legalists cynical human nature trusted conduct properly restoration order society depend enactment strict laws enforcement threat harsh punishment legalists believed duty ruler rule duty obey unlike confucian emphasis character legalism philosophy authoritarian government law taoism teaching legendary figure called lao tzu philosophy protest distrusted confucian ethics legalist politics advocating return nature confucianism stressed place society taoism concentrated liberation social obligations society politics according taoist artificial restraints natural seeking fit nature discover true tao tao noninvolvement activities rejecting convention knowledge taoism urges live simply close contact nature tao ways worldly language mystical communion nature confucianism legalism taoism important philosophies arose fourth centuries chinese society turmoil thinkers speculated society government
vast equatorial forests congo forests places dense called jungle live small tribes peoples south equator africa belong group called bantu pointed earlier bantu part tribe term bantu means languages bantu groups related peoples instances understand bantu speaking groups rain forest able unite states history concerns movements migrations small numbers south forest broad band savanna stretches west coast lakes east africa move easily chieftaincies kingdoms flourished hundreds centuries parts africa movement peoples conquest consolidation growth decline kingdoms empires spite differences west central africa pattern unlike western sudan looming large stories coastal kingdoms kongo angola luba lunda empires interior historian centuries history southern savanna story development luba lunda culture east kongo colonial portuguese culture west
desire spread christianity pushed europeans atlantic voyages discovery catholic spain portugal felt god duty convert heathen africans asians religion christ arrival spaniards portuguese americas opened huge field conversion christian zeal spurred search prester john legendary christian ruler live indies portuguese hoped enlist aid religious wars muslims age exploration improvements shipbuilding gunnery increased knowledge navigation ships naval weapons changed roman times fifteenth century galley oarsman replaced sail battering ram cannon sails gunpowder mediterranean sea indian ocean merchant vessels relied winds renaissance guns shooting iron balls commonly land warfare sea battles maritime powers galleys ships propelled oarsmen commanders tried ram enemy craft sink board fight enemy hand hand introduction sails cannon ships sail sea heavily armed lightly manned innovations quickly adopted portuguese extremely important soon portuguese shipyards turning ships unusually seaworthy capable surviving fierce gales south atlantic
tremendous increase business activity created problems took large amounts capital build buy rent ships fill holds profitable cargo recruit officers crew provide sufficient provisions voyage asia profits risks ships completed dangerous ocean voyage individual businessmen partnerships sufficient capital pay high costs asian voyage absorb loss disaster sea overcome difficulty emerged type business arrangement joint stock company joint stock company operated manner present corporation number investors large small purchased shares stock gave part ownership business arrangement attracted large amounts capital reduced risk investors afford invest moderate sum joint stock company company failed lose money invested successful joint stock companies english east india company dutch east india company formed early seventeenth century extremely profitable voyage english company returned percent investors centuries dutch east india company paid stockholders annual dividends averaging percent bars gold silver began move mexico spain
mongol period russian history begins destruction kiev kiev mongols penetrated deep forests north mongol strongholds lower volga conquered crimean peninsula juts black sea mongol rule survived mongol occupation marked period stagnation russian lands russian wealth drained mongol court ruthless tribute paid money russian princes skillfully set competing favor mongol khan khan awarded traditional title grand prince princes served unconditionally addition princes small principalities weakened strength dividing lands heirs mongols lasting contribution rise russian delayed development gave tragic twist peoples western central europe safe mongol invasion pursued cultural advance disruption peoples russia progress consolation continued ascendancy orthodox church conquerors left undisturbed russian church unlike church rome heir learning ancient culture roman empire monks promoted skills techniques improving agriculture industry teachers laid groundwork subsequent improvements arts sciences
beginning part nineteenth century revolution occurred understanding universe emergence physics forced scientists question modify cases abandon accepted notions matter motion light space effect meaning scientific truth complexity defiance common sense theories remain mystery according traditional classical physics based largely theories isaac newton universe giant machine parts function perfect harmony regularity pressure gas expanding repeatedly unerringly move piston physical objects behave accordance strict laws effect drop bowling ball foot airless shaft number seconds reach ground accordance mechanical view nature classical physics assumes exact position particle single instant exact speed instant speed position particle known accurately compute future path classical physics assumes universe operates precision regularity machine specific predictable effect scientist speak certainty operations nature
french theory assimilation british theory indirect rule differed practice britain france ran colonies similar ways certainly educational systems differed french reached fewer africans taught french subjects french british reached africans taught courses slightly modified rigidly english local african languages early grades administration french want manpower worked local institutions especially encountered strong manageable chief traditional african system adaptable law codes structure lent easy administration british changed ways destroyed effectively methods differed direct rule economic policies showed difference colonial powers sought introduce cash economies encourage agriculture trade eventually industry european lines africans accepted technology accompanying resistance opposition met change aspects lives major colonial powers africa portugal belgium story france britain powers portugal belgium small weak european states portugal acquired african territories fifteenth sixteenth centuries age exploration longest unbroken tradition overseas empire congo belgium colony
early sixteenth century period constant warfare feudal domains japan arrival portuguese middle century foreign domestic trade expanded improved weapons stronger fortifications gave powerful feudal lords advantage lesser end sixteenth century hideyoshi samurai general risen humble origin military ability succeeded overcoming feudal lords hideyoshi succeeded early seventeenth century powerful feudal lord tokugawa ieyasu established supremacy feudal lords daimyo emperor appoint hereditary military commander chief shogun emperor continued shadowy existence symbol japanese sensitivity tradition real ruler japan tokugawa shogun tokugawa shogunate headquarters yedo lasted peculiar compromise feudalism centralization development centralized governments europe led end feudalism japan central government built feudal system country continued divided daimyo lords pledged allegiance tokugawa shoguns shogunate succeeded completely controlling unifying japan create stable tokugawa shoguns initiated policies designed preserve military ascendancy redistributed landholdings daimyo lands loyal lords bordered tokugawa holdings central japan
half nineteenth century european nations began look southeast asia source trade imperialist rivalry caused western nations compete aggressively colonies end century british acquired control burma malaya dutch east indies comprised major islands sumatra java french moved china consisting present vietnam laos cambodia result war spain united states acquired philippines southeast asian country preserved independence thailand happened partly able rulers partly rivalry british french late nineteenth mid twentieth century colonial society southeast asia generally divided layers top colonial administrators westerners local non european aristocracy gradually westernized included top layer society bottom society indigenous peasant masses generally poor illiterate complete separation top bottom society rulers peasants small urban middle class chinese indian minority middle class served buffer colonial rulers peasant masses opportunity person move class ahead society
looking differences recognize worldwide growing demands inside africa pressured colonial powers stemmed war ii war showed africa rest european countries powerful british french especially called colonies help fighting african colonies supported war efforts mother countries africans answered call aid voluntarily africans served overseas denied combat role gained ideas views experience met europeans ordinary elevated positions whites known africa met american soldiers black uniforms white soldiers carrying arms started asking questions role touch especially pacific asians colonial rule preparing fight escape domination listened churchill roosevelt speeches freedom determination rights wondered ideals extended later insist pass africans returned home wars colonizers wanted jobs lacking rewards aid insisted rewards granted terms europeans proclaimed freedom
call block ice solid melt form liquid evaporates liquid water vapor gas iron solid melted converted liquid iron boiled forms iron vapor materials exist solid liquid gaseous phase undergo change phase suitable conditions block wood table keeps shape volume change shape volume considerable external force block solid need lateral side support prevent losing shape solids definite volume definite shape suppose pour water top table flows surface liquids rigid hold water provide lateral side support try pour quart milk pint bottle observe liquid definite volume conclude liquids definite volume shape containers inflate automobile tire find air takes shape tire container tire full air blow occurs escaping air expands volume pint liquid expand form quart put quart bottle
jons jakob berzelius swedish chemist letters symobls elements letter symbols replaced small circles identifying marks john dalton elements berzelius letter element symbol letter represents oxygen letter represents hydrogen elements twenty letters alphabet names elements begin letter cases berzelius added letter sound conspicuous element pronounced symbol carbon calcium ca chlorine cl chromium cr cobalt letter symbol capitalized symbol cobalt formula compound called carbon monoxide compound composed elements carbon oxygen cases symbol element derived latin element symbol iron fe latin ferrum pb symbol lead comes latin plumbum symbols silver ag sodium na latin argentum natrium chemical symbol abbreviation quantitative significance symbol means oxygen stands atom oxygen expression means atoms oxygen means atoms oxygen
common type hydrogen called protium atoms simplest composition nucleus protium atom consists proton proton electron moving electron found distance nucleus innermost shell lowest energy level electron shell energy level called shell energy level scientists discover electrons arranged atoms element studying chemical properties element spectrum understand sizes distances particles protium atom picture nucleus proton size pinhead cm diameter comparatively electron larger moves nucleus average distance electron moves rapidly nucleus effectively occupying surrounding space atomic number atom number protons nucleus atom element consists atoms number protons nucleus atoms element atomic number unexcited neutral atoms element arrangement electrons nuclei atoms element hydrogen proton nucleus atomic number atom atomic number proton nucleus hydrogen atom
chapter recognized matter exists physical phases gas liquid solid learned particles substances atoms molecules ions kinetic theory helps explain properties gases liquids solids terms forces particles matter energy particles possess data support kinetic theory comes indirect observation impossible observe behavior individual particles matter scientists observe behavior large groups particles results observations describe average behavior particles study basic assumptions kinetic theory matter composed tiny particles chemical properties particles matter depend composition physical properties depend forces exert distance separating particles matter continual motion average kinetic energy energy motion depends temperature particles matter lose energy collisions particles collide walls container loss energy collisions type perfectly elastic study gases reveals characteristic properties expansion gas definite shape definite volume completely fills container introduced
lowest temperature substance exist gas atmospheric pressure condensation temperature gas temperature kinetic energy gas particles sufficient overcome forces attraction gas condenses liquid kinetic theory tells temperature substance measure kinetic energy particles study condensation temperatures substances give idea magnitude size forces attraction particles matter table selected condensation temperatures substances ch methane consist low molecular weight nonpolar covalent molecules exist gases low temperatures evidently attractive forces molecules gaseous phase small complex substances ccl ch benzene condensation temperatures room temperature higher molecular weight nonpolar molecules forces attraction molecules greater similar molecules complex ammonia nh ho consist polar covalent molecules notice molecular weights low molecular structures simple condensation temperatures considerably nonpolar molecules molecular weight condensation temperatures ionic compounds sodium chloride covalent network substances diamond metals high evidently forces particles substances strong
applying avogadro principle gay law combining volumes gases find simplest makeup elemental gases need simplest structure elemental gas correct determine molecular formula product composition reaction sections discussed empirical molecular formulas recall empirical formula determined percentage composition data obtained chemical analysis molecular formula calculated molecular weight known determine molecular weights gases densities find molecular weights solids liquids exist molecules measuring freezing boiling temperatures solutions chemists analyzed hydrogen chloride gas aid atomic weights determined empirical formula hcl molecular formula empirical formula multiple empirical formula hcl hcl decide formula correct chemists experimentally determine molecular weight measuring density hydrogen chloride found molecular weight molecular formula hcl weight atom hydrogen weight atom chlorine giving calculated molecular weight multiple empirical formula calculated molecular weight high compared molecular weight determined experimentally
seen substances conduct electric current pure substance water solution covalent compounds show polar nature hydrogen chloride molecules electronegativity difference atoms forming covalent bonds small bond polarity slight polar bonds symmetrically arranged tetrahedral configuration carbon tetrachloride molecule structure nonpolar covalent substances nonelectrolytes soluble water ionize water solution molal solutions definite ratio solute particles solvent molecules depression freezing point solvent solute directly proportional number particles solute present reasoning applies elevation boiling point solvent nonvolatile solute mole hydrogen chloride dissolved kg water lower freezing point mole sugar greater freezing point depression caused separation particles molecule hydrogen chloride ionizes comparison illustrated figure suppose concentrated solution molecules ionize molecules solution particles formed ions un ionized molecules solution lowers freezing points solvent times solute ionize
compounds water solutions ions traditionally classed acids bases salts ancient times acids recognized distinct class materials today encounter directly indirectly daily activities nearly fruits acids common foods lemons oranges grapefruit citric acid apples malic acid souring milk produces lactic acid rancid butter butyric acid fermentation hard cider forms acetic acid vinegar acids origin nature called organic acids chemists prepare large quantities important industrial acids synthetically organic composition reactions directly elements acids manufactured minerals known inorganic acids commonly mineral acids substances known centuries properties distinctive term acid general sense reference compounds substances traditional acids water solutions called aqueous acids modern definitions acids give acid substances acids traditional sense manufacturing chemist asked important acid mention sulfuric acid versatile mineral acid technical manufacturing processes consumption sulfuric acid index country industrialization prosperity
chapter studied effects solutes freezing boiling points solvents found important factor ratio solute solvent molecules solution concentrations stated terms molality recall molal concentration expresses quantity solute moles kilogram solvent solvent solutions equal molality ratio solute solvent molecules present studies deal solutions acids bases salts express solution concentrations terms known quantity solute volume solution easier measure volume solution measure mass quantity solute moles volume solution liters scheme expressing concentration solution called molarity symbol molarity molarity solution expression number moles solute liter solution molar solution mole solute liter solution solutions molarity concentration solute molecules solution gram molecular weight molecular solute liter solution gram formula weight ionic solute liter solution mole sodium chloride nacl mass gram formula weight
reaction occur reaction occur questions concerned chemists find complete answers questions quantitative study reaction mechanisms reaction kinetics study conducted framework laws thermodynamics realm physical chemistry examine concepts chemists label collectively driving force chemical reactions ideas discussed briefly section observation recognize reactions occur spontaneously nature exothermic exothermic processes give energy lead lower energy states stable configurations major factor driving force chemical reactions tendency processes occur lead lowest energy tendency factor spontaneous chemical reaction place absorption energy predict exothermic reactions place deal evidence shows reactions release energy fact greater quantity energy vigorous reactions tend disturbing fact chemical reactions place spontaneously absorption energy occur simply result mixing reactants production water gas involves reaction steam passed white hot coke reaction proceeds spontaneously
rates chemical reactions vary widely reactions instant months complete rate reaction measured amount reactants converted products unit seen conditions reactions simple decompositions occur particles contact contact result interaction rate reaction depends collision frequency reactants collision efficiency efficient collision energy activation reactant molecules favorably oriented changing conditions affect frequency collisions collision efficiency change influences reaction rate let consider important factors influence rate chemical reaction hydrogen combines vigorously chlorine conditions conditions react feebly nitrogen sodium oxygen combine rapidly iron oxygen similar conditions platinum oxygen combine directly atoms ions molecules particles substances react bonds broken bonds formed chemical reactions rate reaction depends bonds involved solution rate crystalline solid water increased crystals broken small pieces cube solute measuring cm edge presents cm contact area solvent
going help weed gardens betsy helps going pay earn money summer betsy mother thinking betsy earn money idea tell mother play school betsy bet lot mothers glad send children school mornings planning hold play school mother asked basement playroom betsy replied betsy mother mothers feel re young look don think mother betsy asked betsy mother looked lovingly think re responsible care sister star star school wanted betsy friend lillybell lives comes play star play school mean give scholarships mother asked betsy laughed yes free pupils scholarships sounds real school mother going charge fifty cents morning child betsy asked yes think mother lot children betsy
billy wheeling bicycle driveway betsy arrived hi betsy billy called saw hi billy betsy replied hear going summer school billy want money betsy replied going billy asked lots things betsy maybe buy christmas present billy replied hope lot buy pony betsy laughed mother send nancy school mother help buy christmas present billy re smart betsy betsy laughed tell santa claus want pony telling billy don think reads mail mother betsy asked kitchen billy replied round betsy kitchen door knocked mrs porter opened door betsy nice betsy stepped kitchen minutes told mrs porter school mrs porter thought fine idea send nancy betsy pupils wanted home decided call mrs bottom send girl school
refrigerators expensive father sure refrigerator buy betsy ask eddie wilson lend eddie collects junk junk pile idea father eddie junk refrigerator betsy telephone called friend eddie answered hi eddie betsy refrigerator junk pile mean valuable property eddie replied excuse betsy course mean valuable property replied eddie bet find need refrigerator betsy explained eddie maybe find town dump eddie replied lot valuable property thrown town dump don bike meet ok betsy father mother going town dump meet eddie thinks maybe find refrigerator luck father betsy bicycle soon neared dump eddie poking rubbish eddie saw betsy approaching ran meet waving arms cried found honest betsy bicycle nice eddie replied
snowstorm began school betsy found morning cold sky looked grayish white heavy ready fall minute soon started school bundled warm snow pants bright red jacket hood wearing hood head ears warm nose felt cold betsy covered nose mitten warm feet cold didn warm feet school fast betsy hurried part ran turned corner saw kilpatrick red police car betsy knew farther kilpatrick policeman saw children big wide street buses town children loved kilpatrick knew names called betsy red ribbons grade lost kilpatrick school car ridden kilpatrick red car times policeman friend kilpatrick ready joke children special friend billy porter billy betsy friends met grade school played houses
comes wants buy betsy called sell billy don betsy sticking head trees leaning rope moment rope holding trees untied poles christmas trees fell swish street avalanche christmas trees knocked billy buried billy called hey help betsy ran help christmas trees looked bigger lying street standing sidewalk betsy thought run diner call harry ray waiting traffic saw kilpatrick red car coming street betsy jumped waved kilpatrick stop red car slowed stopped betsy matter red ribbons kilpatrick called billy christmas tree betsy called christmas tree exclaimed kilpatrick pretty early finding things christmas tree added stepped car betsy led kilpatrick spot billy thrashing branches big spruce tree kilpatrick lifting branches saw billy frightened face look christmas tree billy crawled knew hurt scared thanks kilpatrick billy dusting spruce needles asked policeman
woke room dark embers glowed fireplace wondered turned light reached pushed button lamp chair happened room stayed dark mother door flicked wall switch light light embers mother turned knob radio light dial voice spoke knew happened electricity mother fireplace leaning looked watch surprise quarter past twelve midnight thought father home heard sound heard earlier evening shot suddenly knew noise branches limbs breaking trees snow terribly heavy break branches trees suddenly thumpy gave bark ran front door mother follow thumpy heard sound key turning lock reached door thrown open framed doorway stood betsy father reason mother dark white snow mother surprise father carrying white shoulder looked heavy sack potatoes cried mother glad
months previously paddington lent paw local drama festival miss flint played lead price plays things wrong evening price maintained paddington causing parting ways miss flint brought closer event shortly announced engagement largely paddington part affair numerous large orders marmalade price browns invited wedding wildest dreams occurred paddington officials silence considered matter held small bright metal object price key flat announced importantly wants pick list guests church say nice idea mrs brown trying sound enthusiastic actually felt case history repeating remembering happened murmured brown hope repeat faithfully turned end mrs brown broke hastily paddington gave hard stares harold play win prize glad paddington help sound effects let think let mrs brown paddington earnestly quiet ceremony quiet echoed jonathan paddington thought processes difficult follow present exception
mrs bird adding paddington concerned wisely result calculations case question subject worried looking churchwarden hurried aisle stopped pew order whisper brown ear brown rose feet think re wanted vestry announced ominously sounds urgent brown tempted add churchwarden asked paddington accompany event decided add worries led vestry began look worried able stone walls churchyard chances felt paddington trouble trouble ups downs held paw light order examine closely admit couldn remember fortunes downward plunge sucking difference jamming railings surrounded churchyard matters worse application liberal smear marmalade emergency jar suitcase avail paws looking unusually smart cared remains marmalade wouldn disgraced advertisement fur coats mrs brown glossy magazines pad unusual glow unlike newly polished shoe
hmm mrs bird mrs brown voice trailed need say mystery solved wasn habit interesting affairs mrs bird liked bottom things trust curry chance getting snorted disappeared kitchen tray mrs brown picked remains crockery housekeeper room paddington climbed chair looked hopefully window curry sight sound shots practised died climbed minutes later hurried garden order investigate matter closely past times brown golf clubs cupboard stairs watched game played possibility seeing curry practising lawn able closer look fours bargain opportunity missed crouching ground brown shed put eye special knot hole fence gave view door garden surprise seen wall blackness looking disappointed paddington picked brown bean sticks poked hopefully hole attempt unblock loud cry pain suddenly rang nearly fell backwards surprise familiar figure browns neighbour suddenly rose view side fence bear roared curry danced clutching eye purpose bear hastily letting stick paddington jumped alarm curry exclaimed trying unblock hole
anna bought crayons quickly elsbeth stood cold wind paper shop ways parted elsbeth lingered wanted ask anna moment anna elsbeth nice famous father meet fraulein lambeck anna absent setting home elsbeth equally absent fraulein lambeck think nice thing papa works home lot free theatre tickets interviewed newspaper asked books liked brother zane grey set present wish father famous elsbeth don think works post office sort thing famous father famous snag famous father famous don hear famous family makes sad anna sighed standing anna white painted gate elsbeth feverishly trying think famous heimpi seen window opened front door goodness cried elsbeth late lunch rushed street elsbeth grumbled heimpi anna inside talk monkeys trees
quickly film speeded heimpi busy sorting packing mama nearly telephone arranging lease house storage furniture children home school house looked bare onkel julius called helping mama pack books looked empty shelves smiled putting night children woken sound fire engines dozen clanging bells racing main road end street looked window sky centre berlin brilliant orange morning talking fire destroyed reichstag german parliament met nazis fire started revolutionaries nazis put stop sort thing vote elections mama heard nazis started fire onkel julius called afternoon say mama berlin weeks days anna max spent school strange allowed tell leaving forgetting school hours anna delighted part school play remembered actually max accepted invitation birthday party able attend home emptier rooms wooden crates suitcases endless sorting possessions deciding toys hardest part
max drank hot chocolate wiped crumbs croissant lips thought moment papa let look zurich decided top hill overlooking city hill steep funicular kind lift wheels straight alarming angle anna spent excitement experience anxious scrutiny cable signs fraying top hill zurich clustered end enormous blue lake big town small comparison end hidden mountains steamers looked toys height making round edge lake stopping villages scattered shores moving sun shining look inviting steamers asked max anna going ask papa afternoon lunch splendid restaurant terrace overlooking lake anna eat head feeling swimmy getting early thought nose stopped running throat sore asked mama anxiously yes anna thinking steamer trip afternoon anyway sure tiredness shop selling picture postcards door restaurant bought heimpi max gunther wonder re getting elections mama think germans vote hitler afraid papa
aunt em live young pretty wife sun wind changed sparkle eyes left sober grey red cheeks lips grey thin gaunt smiled dorothy orphan aunt em startled child laughter scream press hand heart dorothy merry voice reached ears looked girl wonder find laugh uncle henry laughed worked hard morning till night joy grey beard rough boots looked stern solemn rarely spoke toto dorothy laugh saved growing grey surroundings toto grey black dog silky hair small black eyes twinkled merrily side funny wee nose toto played dorothy played loved dearly today playing uncle henry sat doorstep looked anxiously sky greyer usual dorothy stood door toto arms looked sky aunt em washing dishes north heard low wail wind uncle henry dorothy grass bowed waves coming storm sharp whistling air south turned eyes saw ripples grass coming direction suddenly uncle henry stood cyclone coming em called wife look stock ran sheds cows horses
dress blue white checked dorothy smoothing wrinkles kind wear boz blue colour munchkins white witch colour friendly witch dorothy say think witch knew ordinary girl chance cyclone strange land tired watching dancing boz led house gave room pretty bed sheets blue cloth dorothy slept soundly till morning toto curled blue rug ate hearty breakfast watched wee munchkin baby played toto pulled tail crowed laughed greatly amused dorothy toto fine curiosity seen dog emerald city girl asked answered boz gravely oz business emerald city days country rich pleasant pass rough dangerous places reach end journey worried dorothy knew oz help kansas bravely resolved turn bade friends bye started road yellow brick miles thought stop rest climbed top fence road sat
road goes scarecrow emerald city end road leads dorothy certainly returned scarecrow required brains figure hour light faded found stumbling darkness dorothy toto dogs dark scarecrow declared took hold arm managed fairly house place pass night tell uncomfortable walking dark soon scarecrow stopped cottage built logs branches yes answered child tired scarecrow led trees reached cottage dorothy entered found bed dried leaves corner lay toto soon fell sound sleep scarecrow tired stood corner waited patiently morning dorothy awoke sun shining trees toto chasing birds scarecrow standing patiently corner waiting search water need water asked wash face clean dust road drink dry bread stick throat
timawi knew ishi black rock timawi older secret place wanasi young hunters village ishi tushi talked things laughed tushi asked questions yesterday asked saldu ishi answered whiteskin hunt deer meadows catch salmon creeks don hunt fish meadows creeks believe leave land leave cousin say mother wish say saldu tushi says tushi young hear talk black rock trail meadows mountain waganupa waganupa flowed creeks yuna creek north banya creek south creeks cut canyons land ridges hills flats meadows ishi yahi liked sit black rock god jupka sat waganupa olden days watching morning mists melt bit bit east south north west piece distant valley river daha looked milkweed rope lying curves bends valley floor
ishi listened timawi elder uncle grandfather say timawi strong wanasi hunter want timawi ishi moved swiftly silently brush going look treasure explore caves hunt small game canyon today picked tracks saldu camp edge meadow timawi easy track enemy stiff leather wrap feet leaves tracks hard cover feet unlike brush animals searched ashes campfire ground saldu eaten slept treasure usual empty tin cans scraps rags paper stand juniper trees foot mountain waganupa ishi examined tree choosing branch bow straight strong wood young thickness timawi hunting bows nodded ishi showed aiku tsub separate limb tree took turns working keeping lookout saldu hunting nearby branch cut bent cut rasped deeply bent farther tearing noise cleanly
tushi stopped flat rock halfway yuna creek baskets log forgot safe night morning bear sleeping ishi answer watgurwa mother house storehouses ready winter timawi finished putting fresh covering heavy earth grandmother watched dampen earth smooth bushki hunter knows houses flint stone admiration ishi stacked wood high houses stormy leave canyon looked treasure watgurwa snow moons bow begun shape basketful pieces rockglass stone deerhorn bundle skunk squirrel small pelts roll bird skins basket feathers allowed hunt waganupa treasure canyon round meadow nearby hills storehouses full largest baskets taller tushi held white acorns black sweet bitter dried deer meat smoked salmon smaller baskets filled nuts seeds dried berries grasses dyes resin plants tied bunches roots washing hair roots making poultices herbs tea cure headaches stomachaches leaves sacred tobacco tushi put face making hoom hoom song breathed fragrant spicy smells aiku tsub aiku tsub grandmother looked basket patted
swimmers learned stay water boulder swim shade breathe bullfrog seen wanasi father learned waterfalls saldu searched gave search water tell father heard say watgurwa jupka kaltsuna gave weapons fighting saldu magic turns straight flying arrow hearts enter enters deer heart father wanasi arrows enter hearts saldu yahi hunted times father drew enemy villages women children bow arrows showing wanasi leaving signs fire range saldu firesticks remember moons father led large party saldu foot waganupa side saldu kill single yahi single scalp finally father turned south left saldu yahi safely home ya size shot arrows enemy father heard elder uncle say forever hold twenty saldu firesticks tried knolls village fell
morning houses paths covered broken branches pine needles drying frames knocked ishi snares traps smashed tangled rising sun winds left tuliyani warm quiet rain winds eat grandmother brewed strong herb tea drank food night warm rain fell warming earth born pale shoots sleeping bulbs seeds pushed light morning sun colored plumes waved high sky pouring warmth wakening earth dun brown hills canyon walls bare boulders rocks sprouted tender clover green clover moon snow waganupa melted filled streams rushing white water days clover grew size gathering eating risings settings sun waters creek quieter wimawi ishi raced watgurwa creek creek sight water shouting waving held high hands salmon twisting gleaming colors moon sacred salmon return springtime outer ocean river daha yuna creek salmon swam upstream current timawi ishi harpooned tired catching fish hands filled baskets brought mother racing creek evening meal cooked open sun feast mother ate sea fresh fish tender green clover
wanasi carried broad deerskin belt sharpest rockglass knife sheathed moleskin full quiver hung shoulder arrows left arm reach changing position took length rope basket stuffed deer head began smell deer reached knolls keeping downwind circled knolls sniffing listening testing air ground sign saldu signaled bird animal calls satisfied saldu timawi hid knolls ishi crouched bow bent ready clump scrub oak downhill timawi timawi began bird rabbit talk buck deer edge heavy brush timawi fawn cries deer looked feeding covered top head deer head raised head plain sight bobbed turned side side looking tasting bucks interested sniffed air found alarming stopped feeding moved closer strange nodding head range timawi ishi shot changing crouching position shot high arrow whizzed skimmingly lead buck bird flying lodged bay tree buck flicked ear arrow bird moved timawi ishi shot arrow deep shot shoulder deer threw head took staggering step head lowered legs bent lay ground
timawi ishi dared farther edge valley clear saldu rider left hills seeking help nearest hand rock ishi crouched elder uncle timawi knew difficulties shooting uphill moving target elder uncle merely su looked timawi butterfly led young hunter rock change position shoot returned tuliyani rain stopped saldu beating brush scalps vengeance horse carcass picked clean mountain lions coyotes buzzards saddle chewed dragged brush reclaimed watgurwa wondered left secretly grandfather friends saldu tuliyani longer felt safe tuliyani saldu coming hills hear bleating newborn lambs canyon cows calve timawi urged elder uncle move waganupa reminded saldu saldu animals grandfather shook head lived higher upper meadow mountain shelter food half moons salmon snow stays summer winds blow timawi let ishi look find cave shelter winds caught trap saldu find tuliyani elder uncle longer sure
undecided ishi shifted feet touched loose piece wood tell feel worked wood picked look timawi firedrill ishi held moments meaning timawi set fire storehouse ishi put wet leaves face choking searched ground found bit charcoal show timawi fire close pine boughs dry torches timawi set fire house drill lay footprint wide torch lighted ran leaping wide steps sun past top sky ishi found lower side village footprints horse dog smelled horse sheep sheep dog found timawi sling chewed smelling sheep dog short tobacco pouch treasure bundle chewed tobacco treasure ishi took pick saw rub timawi footprints soon place ground stirred drops blood timawi arrows lay scattered dog attacked think dog blood dog hairs timawi knife footprints dog timawi going bluff canyon
ledge bear den wide mouthed cave base cliff rose sheer bare top canyon cave seen ishi found chance completely overgrown poison oak top arching roof think green cave hung air cave faint smell grizzly bear bear rug tuliyani damp empty doubt elder uncle mu grizzly bear hiding place high roof overhung lip cave inside floor level length mother house sloped upward narrowing series steps shelves rock ishi cave tushi soon saw wished live mother smiled slow yahi bow smile saying country young days gahma knew directly bottom canyon imagine rock shelves filled baskets sizes saw smooth rock dry easy brushed clean room sleep cave rain snow moons ishi drew circle mother firepit elder uncle idea living bear den yahi mu place saldu animal risk legs horns reach saldu mind village set straight wall canyon sure mind
members henderson family robbie parents peter janet henderson sister elspeth grandfather da henderson family sheepdog tam storm grew wilder wilder night dog uneasy family hear storm raging course house stood close head bay cutting rocky coast island kind bay shetlanders call voe thundering noise waves da henderson feeling storm bothered tam da pretty head simply full superstitions days listened waited watched noticed true tam uneasiness look suddenly pointing fire peats burning hearth fire peats side burning crumbling fine white ash moment later left burning peat stood upright center fire pointing da peat left standing means stranger tonight peter henderson cocked ear noise wind howling thatch roof doubtful face asked stranger black ness night da turned ear sound storm wonder meaningly suddenly understood thinking shipwreck voe peter exclaimed reach quickly jacket thump heavy fallen door house
robbie dead tired lost moment getting da instantly asleep bed comfortable da warmed suddenly awake wondering slept happened wake sound movement ben room realized sound coming sound fiddle softly played hand startled moments lay wondering earth playing fiddle hour night robbie surprise soon uneasiness gripped end moments realized music coming end house father fiddle hung father lying asleep box bed feet sliding door bed open father meant person playing fiddle stranger finn learson hour robbie thought odd music eerie mysterious tune recognize tune voices sliding scale fact high voices echoing sad sweet hollow place spite warmth bed sound beginning send shivers
smiling secret joke thought felt uneasy idea hand doubt finn learson powerful charm manner want robbie swithered swayed opinion asked finn learson getting acquainted rest black ness easy found words shetlanders enjoy visiting forward houses sooner later occasions fiddle young folk young dance evening things henderson house finn learson showed lightest neatest foot company merry grig clapping hands fiddling white teeth flashing laugh eyes glittering dark fires handsome head amount leaping whirling tire curiously looking robbie janet da remarked stranger knows home islands aye janet agreed admiring light footwork going dance sure welcome black ness turned course dancer challenge skill fiddler handsome young neat light feet catch girl result finn learson soon found welcome young folk trying stir things bit dance
furniture carried dray light shining house suddenly front door opened girl ran wore hood beneath red ringlets spattered coat legs black stockings thin tacy betsy ran hitching block bounced toes minute looking sky ran road point ended hill person bench commanded view hill street girl climbed bench looked intently dusk feels thought betsy throb home wants ran mother mamma cried girl age let minute mrs ray moved entreaty looked colored sky clearing stay minute want bother putting things yes yes overshoes mittens yes betsy flew closet find pussy hood mittens twisted string inside coat mamma help help julia called betsy mother julia helped pussy hood tied coat buttoned overshoes buckled mittens pulled air fresh cold street lamp lighted exciting hour prospect meeting girl girl stood bench looking street
hope goodness nice weather betsy mother play doors ray house small sloping lawn big maples butternut tree front house fruit trees berry bushes garden mag barn shed carriage fun play doors betsy thought excited party wear silk dress checked tan pink lace neck sleeves mother promised hair braids party promised dress curls sure night party julia betsy baths tub set kitchen fire betsy hair rolled rags curl making bumps head bumps party getting betsy sleep wake think going ice cream sleep wake think wonder tacy night woke finally morning sun shining brightly dried lawn free snow days betsy flew downstairs breakfast dear father shaking head saw betsy party sick look red cheeks look bumps head betsy father loved joke course bumps head curls unwrapped unwrapped hours party betsy hair didn kindly curls
betsy tacy betsy house look hill street williams milking cow benson driving home late supper betsy wouldn fathers mothers surprised look sitting feather climbed feather sitting side side put arms wouldn fall fun sitting wish julia katie tacy julia katie big sisters bossy course smart didn float feather betsy tacy let betsy decided think dangerous wouldn let night tacy tomorrow night let float town front street stores river betsy park tacy page park white fence picnic benches swings eat supper night betsy let night mother baked cake suppose hold plates asked tacy riding feather hold tight betsy looked dizzy look high tacy began laugh careful spill milk spill milk julia katie betsy cried wouldn care mad
easy remember week began thursday wart week early wardhill academy early holton progressive heidi school bad mother beauty parlor thursdays mother responsibility amuse heidi actually thursday disagreeable week heidi sat table breakfast room waiting watched ate snack cora prepared sat head propped hand elbow table asked today winston knew question week waited waited bell changing classes mixture expectation dread answered immediately watched face answer waited turned quiet monotone tones knew hear don kitchen cora teach things dear putting head oven turning gas heidi turned say chewed brownie looking straight tired watching lips motion making words mummy says began shopped chewing don call mother mother asked looked added mummy stiff wrapped bandages mummy sounds cozier chewed brownie took swig milk cora cooks hoped stay cook cora lasted months lasted meals quit breakfast wonder heidi cooking households salary
mention caroline dinner effort rush meal dinner hesitated allow mother heidi dining room crossed foyer library hung waiting whichever direction father headed library caught father yes winston forgotten discussion held arm ushering library heiei mother yes mother thinks heidi told glanced studied face sure prefer father telling prefer father telling prefer mother holding scrapbook walked library clutched breast arms filled space crook arm crook father began speak slowly face heidi follow seventeen ago father daughter caroline left home college philadelphia small exclusive girl school known academic excellence fact nice girls spring freshman reservations fly home vacation arrived reached airport taxi driver kidnapped kidnappers demanded rich famous charles carmichael give half million dollars allowed talk caroline phone reassured notify police mark bills wanted paid cash effort track
ago asked barney krupp saturday afternoon couldn heidi sun room playing sat floor middle game sucking thumb watching troglodyte troglodyte newest word special vocabulary wanted barney making heidi hear sprinkle powder barney message answered yes win sure affect unmarried females pretended didn want heidi hear making yes barney sensitivity triggered klondestitine hormone found unmarried girls say tips fingers dissolve yes victim sucks thumb course roof mouth goes dissolution continues skull girl left hole head symptom known chimney effect disguised growing eyebrows extra combing hole barney asked sprinkle generous amount room surface heidi took thumb mouth rubbed hand top table knocking ashtray vase looked causing destruction touched fingers held hands thumbed nose barney sticking tongue mon barney side lifted room small heavy difficult
simon saw thanked politely walked bridge hear say wanted rose alley voice ear turned relief saw smallish brisk looking woman pale blue eyes pale sandy hair bonnet ingeniously ornamented vegetables small bunch carrots decorated brim couple lettuce leaves curled rakishly side veritable diadem radishes twined tastefully round yes dr field lodgings rose alley simon relieved find looked able answer question woman bonnet eccentric mouth decided eyes sharp don dr field tell rose alley reeled set directions complicated simon ado head thanked hurried repeating miles southwark bridge road past elephant castle inn past newington butts camberwell left turning fork hey half mile didn dr field say window view river thames st paul cathedral turned round st paul cathedral view stood southwark bridge sight woman wrong simon thought beginning retrace steps thinking rose alley sight st paul river ask place london confusion presently reached bridge luckier adviser studious looking young bag books going rose alley
promise give ride tomorrow yes pa lets week swiftly twelve week boots washing extry shilling fires winter stayed week give ride madam simon rapidly reckoning small stock money hand twelve likely give father accepted defeat grin show kitty want buy food find place donkey putting sheets bed miss twite grimace trailed indoors leaving front door ajar bought milk eggs dairy simon arranged stable caroline milk pony half crown week sum reduced borrowed milk deliveries simon satisfied arrangement sour looking dairywoman strong resemblance young miss twite taste wondered related purchased quantity cold ham loaf bread returned rose alley door stood open surprisingly young miss twite pair sheets blankets top room carelessly throwing bed let kitty simon kitten equally eager let traveling quarters gave mighty stretch mewing loudly bread milk
munching piece bread simon tucked kitten bosom frieze jacket ran softly downstairs house silent evidently twites asleep simon resolved wait till woke question dr field academy art attend dr field studied ask doctor address unfortunately simon academy remembered chelsea stole past closed doors twites resolving returned evening move furniture room slept overlooking river pleasanter view appeared superior cleanliness opening front door simon found dido twite sitting front steps kicking heels discontentedly wearing stained dress yesterday washed face brushed hair simon seen hallo alertly going simon intention retailing doings discussed twite family dido face fell donkey ride looking brows unattractive brat forlorn neglected air simon heart softened caroline give ride fetching dido suspiciously wash face whistling street dido ride asked father likely till noon till papa works evenings sleeps penny wake throws hoboy
young lady addressed penny replied listlessly yes pa lift eyes copy gentlewoman magazine studying dido toasting bread fire caught simon eye pulled face mrs twite pouring hot water teapot snapped hold hush abednego fetch cordial twite meekly laid large wooden instrument playing simon guessed hoboy took dusty black bottle cupboard mrs twite turned simon smiles sit thingummy sit don stand ceremony dido move dish tea hope thank ma simon cobbs order polite accepted tea toast dash mountain dew twite black bottle thank simon firmly wondered dark brew decided twite administered large dram lady small penelope sips tea twite looking gloomy cheered amazingly began singing dabbling dew makes barmaids fair dewy dewy eyes brassy brassy hair dear boy mrs twite simon want hear yes agreed twite putting dew bottle want hear murmured penelope raising eyes magazine dido piped dropped fistful toast crumbs simon neck tell simon began mrs twite
boy trustworthy jem asked shooting doubtful glance simon won filly smithfield sell cat meat trustworthy mother cobb heartily jem boy need drop organ grinder oil helped limping jem stairs shouting flossie tar large saucepan simon tucked kitten jacket took mare bridle smith led gate riverbank chelsea bridge river noble pile battersea castle gus pointed castle morning breakfasting simon delighted learn place friend sophie lived planning servants entrance soon ask returning mare offered excellent opportunity seized paused moment gazing awe huge mass buildings composing castle stood close river side rear stretched extensive park gardens filled splendid trees fountains beds brilliant flowers shades pink crimson scarlet castle built pink granite enclosed completely smaller older building present duke father considered insignificant town residence castle forty build architects hundreds worked night duke personally selected block sunset colored stone construction want look half open rose declared architects fired enthusiasm romantic fancy begun wedding present duke wife rosamond unfortunately died completed
certainly sir simon began believe gentleman trifle cracked harmless boy kindly disposed let think tomorrow night dinner prince wales night royal society lecture moss night tennis archibishop indoor course night henrietta devilish dull enjoys night ball carlton house stuffy affairs helped put appearance night billiards lord chief justice today week sir simon waving hand vaguely tell find excellent delightful pulled rope cradle moved excuse sir ask simon called ask battersea voice faintly battersea battersea cracked simon decided doubt week forgotten invitation sophie invitation seriously sophie shrewd cheerful kindhearted comfort found leaving tunnel simon swung vauxhall bridge whistling happily find dr field london bad chancing wake early simon looked front window rose alley saw unfortunate donkey caroline struggling pull outrageously heavy milk cart loaded churns encouraged thereto shrewish dairywoman beating curtain pole
half picture cleaned restored half dark grease grime hunters wolves alike plunging black chasm certainly needs cleaning simon remarked looks fact picture thirty duke told favorite father fourth duke hanging fireplace sit evenings smoke fire pipe smoked picture villainously begrimed fair haired lady white horse lady helen bayswater aunt married painter foot thought daughter picture part uncleaned cousin say beautiful met met younger brother chance taking waters epsom fell love runaway match died hanoverian wars sighed deeply young justin son line family tree simon looked bidden saw chart meant trying turn duke thoughts cheerful direction looked melancholy simon suggested cleaning picture grace dr field taught boy things begin tomorrow sir famous declared grace tell steward glass removed field put stopped coming procure cleaning materials need word wait poor dirty wolves smartened neat
morning weeks later dido waylaid simon recovered fever looked pale shaken dry cough plays nowadays complained forlorn droop mouth simon took pity tell brat free sunday afternoon cobb yard closed finished job working meant cleaning riviere nearing completion outing trip river pleasure boat country dinners hunt highwaymen blackheath woods dido enchanted offer eyes sparkled began jump dirty front steps hanging simon arm exhausting manner fit coughing obliged desist clapham fair clapham fair pa wouldn allus forty winks sunday afternoons ma goes lady triangulists social penny lope say talking pig answer question ask whirligigs flying boats giddy rounds lambeth cakes treacle sticks don deafen brat fair sake put clean pinafore wash face stuff dido put tongue railings simon waved hand whistling street duke battersea home evening inveigled attending performance opera lady sophie slipped library chat simon left note tucked cleaning tools informing escorting mistress
late night simon returned lodgings twites part house darkness feel steep stairs light moon shone landing window trouble light candle room undress jump bed unexpected sound pause sound bed muffled broken gulping resembling grunts small pig simon cautiously reply dejected sniff beginning guess simon found lit stump candle displayed small miserable figure curled bed face hidden pillow dido matter raised tear stained face woefully ma won let fair naughty fair tweak summat pa hammer tongs heard shouting thumb kin pongo asked fair glammered dunderhead ask cross simon unkindly sat bed put arm gave consoling pat don extra ask odds forgotten forbade dido forlornly acos couldn acos warm dresses fit wear outdoors
asleep ten months presently bell rang watches changed bearded sailors yawning deck passed boy called hey nate sign boy shook head replying don give boy wake narrow faced character close set eyes crafty foxy look sourly waste young fool sainted captain food barracootas ago nay don say slighcarp protested brought greasy luck re nigh full whale oil hold hah sneered called slighcarp luck picked say overboard allus hated serving chick frigate muttering angrily boy nate calmly taking notice remarks addressed sleeping child young un suppertime lingered watch carefully raised child arm tilting tin coffeepot held hand poured throat thick black mixture whale oil molasses swallowed sleep eyelids fluttered pot empty nate laid straw nest replaced sheepskins blest care live stuff muttered
heard dido ship sarah casket nantucket pick asked knitting brows painfully effort recall happened sure picked north sea floating bit brit lain deck snoring louder grampus thought trouble wake set sleep til judgement cap casket allowed musta bang head maybe floating spar knock everlasting snooze remember happened ship dark dew caught fire murmured rubbing forehead simon sea hanging mast simon friend ship bound hanover stowed lark re sure didn pick boy called simon honey gently plenty shipping british coast found maybe took board yes reckon dido agreed eagerly won wouldn harm simon acos person kind lodger ma house tell stories took fair soon home ask safe port bout months maybe months crazy hey jonah north cape east arctic ocean plainly meant dido explained soon casks full heading pacific round cape horn nantucket set step guess find packet bedford boston england home
sorry mister dido gulped trying suppress giggles couldn help honest git snarled slighcarp frogspawn littering deck charge git toss overboard terrified threat dido picked scurried guided gesture wink nate slipped hatchway found suddenly noise stink bustle neat winding stair white painted silent lead cautiously exploring presently entered sized stateroom white painted tidy rocking chair stood glowing stove swinging bed patchwork quilt hung compass upside dido studied compass moment meant charts spread table huge book held opened bible sniffing petals blooming pink geranium shelf startled small sound close hand sounded sob arrested dido stood motionless listening yes sobs half stifled breaking low wailing cry mamma mamma dido thought heard sound lonely desolate cabin empty voice doors side white paneling trying found locked sound hand tried frightened voice whispered dido twite reply dead silence door dido tried
fact dido glad chance bring pen deck slighcarp rest kind friendly mate greeted scowl harsh word anxious effect penitence luckily deck empty clutching dido hand tight grip penitence timidly companionway blinking sunshine breathed astonishment bright warm thought arctic left weeks ago dido kindly sit coil rope re tremble penitence sank obediently bright sunshine face pale primrose contrasted strangely dido healthy tan pitiably nervous blue eyes widened clasped dido hand violently wave crest broke ship land visible low lying mass scrubby trees excited ship martha anchored presently captain casket wandered deck started uncontrollably saw penitence dido gave fierce scowl warning tried conceal astonishment glad thee fresh air daughter thee roses thy cheeks thy friend penitencne awkward bob answered yes papa subdued tone audible greatly relieved walked deck don pleased pa pen dido remarked wrong fond bad codger wish pa glad yes fond papa penitence faltered
tribulation suggests captain casket dreamily looking water ignoring dido companion girl age advantage penitence farm soul hill situated lonely location thee accept charge child course solve problems thy quick wit soon smooth difficulties daughter aunt penitence settled happy sister tribulation doubt thee found passage england love fish dido exclaimed don young pen scared death aunt settled happy wouldn till pigs roller skates home rate nantucket don captain casket fixed large eyes mildly dignity sister tribulation devout woman endowed christian virtue muttered dido rescued thee sea child thee owes debt gratitude bottled silenced dido knit brow walked mind devout auntie trib won cut ice frightens poor brat true pen rare rummy notions seen girl maybe aunt trib bad painted reckon sighed despondently hour dido retire noticed figure slighcarp standing furtive cautious manner attracted interest watched sharply rail
dawn dido fell asleep slumbers soon broken short sudden violent disturbance ship give tremendous bound startled horse loud prolonged cries overhead feet thudded deck dido heard crash rattle sails shaken anchor dragged bodily bottom matter happened pen cried fearfully jerked bed ship unexpected movement whimpering floor hurricane dido held hand silence listening attentively tumult dryly minute hurricane thing wouldn pa stirred re sailing pen dismay unexpected pitch sliding floor hoped going stay anchor days wrong warn dido agreed picking pen shaking rights putting bed steady dutiful guess stop till things ease rustle bit prog shan slices breadfruit bowl lemon syrup nodded grimly pen inquiring look jist thought remarked thing help home rattling pace allus supposing gal plays part don skedaddling timbuctoo tobaygo mean gal dido pink un rosie lee pa fancy re sweet pea colored whale hisn
going wondered aunt trib bad poor pen real sure tartar going find look pen part auntie trib voice sound blame familiar heard certainly moldy lookout pen asleep cheer encourage dido admit felt lonely miserable london farther hard imagine bright bustling streets dark windy place pillow wet homesick tears finally sank troubled sleep dido need worried wake roosters farm lusty crowing girls roused touch dawn crossed sky dressing hastily warm things dido put denims red shirt bought stumbled downstairs byre chase thought milk cow muttered dido staring dim light looked large battleships em let start yaller reckon tie pen works hold tail wouldn dare pen white shaking dido took pity young un feed hens told ma tackle mossface find eggs fancy half dozen breakfast stomach wrapped round backbone left yellow cow peaceably inclined resourceful dido found bit rope fast horns tail pegs wall despite doleful bellows protest
huh dido program unfolded don want cut trees slap bricks put barn anyhows going breakfast start lot girl prog pen fried eggs sit em inside look bit cheesecloth aunt tribulation received breakfast tray enthusiasm wash face girl harshly napkin pink china kitchen stuff lookahere ungrateful cuss burst dido patience end oughta thankful didn bring baking pan lord bless glad aunt trib ran room slamming door kitchen thumping overhead began pen bravely want gulped coffee hurried upstairs dido shoveling eggs bacon heard snarling monologue going overhead distinguish tone words giving pen sauced thought going top stairs called pen pen quick cows broke tater field pen ran looking scared fiddle room dido cheerfully patting shoulder let crocks washed auntie trib stew vinegar bit don reckon sick strength thump dido surprise relief pen proved handy creature indoor tasks taught mother wash bake cook polish
dido sturdily blowed besom expect find sheep dark umpty miles wild country crazy notion look till morning reckon find run bed pen stoke stove lock door pen half asleep dido tiptoed snuggled quilted comforters brought front door keys whispered tucking pillow safe side night dutiful goodnight dido halfway night dido woke lay listening sharply half creaky house thought pine board separate voice wind blew board ship wind blowing board creaked sure board hear night heron croaking moors sound close hand burglars dido slid hand pillow satisfied keys pen slept peacefully creak repeated dido drifted sleep dreamed asking aunt tribulation lend fare england pen weepingly begged aunt tribulation reply shake red wattles wink black beady eye croak certainly certainly lazy girl cock doodle wake pen morning moaned pen sleep hours longer mind shan light stove morning bacon coffee dressed warm kitchen dido brushing pen hair pen odd thought left window fastened look pushed
occasionally told stories father stride waving arms waggling fingers times sit close edge bunk speak softly big friendly giant makes magic powders dreams children dream asleep asked tell dad dreams love mysterious things float night air clouds searching sleeping asked big friendly giant catch ah father interesting part dream goes drifting night air makes tiny buzzing humming sound sound soft low impossible ordinary hear bfg hear easily sense hearing absolutely fantastic loved intent look father face telling story face pale distant unconscious bfg hear tread ladybug footsteps walks leaf hear whisperings ants scurry soil talking hear sudden shrill cry pain tree woodman cuts ax ah yes darling sound hear ears simply sensitive happens catches dreams asked imprisons glass bottles screws tops tight father thousands bottles cave
started saturday evening saturday september clock father supper caravan usual bed father told fine story kissed night fell asleep reason woke night lay listening sound father breathing bunk mine hear wasn meant workshop finish job tucked listened usual workshop sounds clinking noises metal metal tap hammer comforted tremendously noises night told father close hand night sound workshop filling station silent bunk found box matches sink struck held funny clock hung wall kettle ten past eleven door caravan dad softly dad answer small wooden platform caravan door feet ground stood platform gazed dad called answer pajamas bare feet caravan steps crossed workshop switched light car working father told car question drive wouldn anyway
straightaway takes arm marches quickly door fields big forest side hampden belong duke buckingham hours lovely fat pheasants trouble takes buy shop father paused breath eyes shining bright gazed wonderful youth dad paper hats pheasants heads guess danny tell listen carefully glancing shoulder expected keeper duke buckingham caravan door dig hole ground twist piece paper shape cone fit hole hollow end cup smear inside paper cup glue drop raisins lay trail raisins ground leading pheasant comes pecking trail hole pops head inside gobble raisins thing knows paper hat stuck eyes thing fantastic idea danny dad called sticky hat evening asked father nodded dad looking bit sheepish actually didn arrived late going roost shows practice fun marvelous absolutely marvelous days
soon coals brazier dying suddenly room cold cousins scrambled covers beans tumbled floor bandit knew pick stayed put thinking finally bandit answer fourth cousin asleep wake wake mmmmmmmmmm listen remember enemy planes bombed city straight days hide caves hard boiled eggs eat happened home cares father brought pony dog mother thought cute smiled grandmother frightened cried hid moon gate grandfather angry youngest son mad mean eat beast minute voice cold northwest wind bandit stood threaded hands sleeves grandfather cleared throat displeased stomped bed fourth cousin opened eye turned side curled shrimp bandit pounced don father bringing dog bandit thought sighed re re quietly quietly slipped covers sleep bandit heard sounds laughter voices footfalls bicycle bells guests departed court season merrymaking approaches debts paid lanterns garden walk snuffed room dark bandit reached
blinking tears bandit looked eyes met matriarch spoke bandit looked searching friendly face women smiled mother granddaughter today saddest days lives sixth grandchild bandit thought young care tear fell grandmother begged let chance careful live break thing holidays promise don send talking sending going father mother decided return chungking plans america home grandfather agreed letter wonder mother smiled grandmother cried grandfather angry father thought bandit help smiling brimful happiness saw sadness grandmother face ran comfort boom bandit fell true word precious coins let leg women house wong gathered fuss poor thing cried exiled criminal distant land clan nurture surrounded strangers strangers chinese cowboys indians kind place child grow dodging bullets arrows starve imagine eating warm puppies raw meat
watch carefully looking smile mother stepped backward shirley anxious prove mettle leaned forward inch watching arrivals nodded uncertainly dumped cupful blue powder water flourish plugged attached wire wall chug chug chug metal bounced banging walls tub squat madman foaming mouth sight mother room shirley finally asked hoping ignorant hoping thing escape confines tub test resolve machine washes washes nodded proudly moment shirley hesitated decided speak father don mind prefer bathe dismay father doubled laughter pain hard tell trying tame expression face opened mouth obviously wanted say noises sounded sobs shook head foolish child foolish obviously appreciate marvel cost hundreds dollars worse father invented spoke bandit clothes clothes types clothes mother love shirley think
mother busy answer questions fact overworked grandmother help heavy try father small farm rice grown seeds seedlings transplanted paddies paddies tended harvested eye active pig rooting small vegetable patch watch chickens loved wander farm brought subject golden mountain mother suddenly found going wrong farm maybe seedlings planted udnerwater beds properly pig eating wrong kind garbage maybe chickens dirtying doorway excuse talking golden mountain knew afraid place chance small temple village pray father safety tell afraid small satisfaction prayers worked mother stingy burning incense father curious land golden mountain mainly father course seen father live reasons thing white demons let wives join husbands golden mountain want settling permanently
won tearful goodbyes boat ride river canton port city days demon boat young homesick frightened especially sailors tall big hairy thought tiger demons special tigers magical powers explain tang word demon mean kinds supernatural beings demon ghost dead person supernatural creature powers evil dragons trickier deal demon middle kingdom american devil american devil means harm frightened hand clap ease fear fellow passenger remembered story demon sailors fattened tang passengers tang thought deal till marched boat butcher shop hand clap talk ship tiger demons plied trade canton hell delivering tang hand clap cared truth loved let imagination run wild told sailors slept upside top heads knives teeth understand excitement neared land demons disappointment saw brown smudge horizon middle kingdom looked distance glittering mound gold seen
rate white deer outdid duck skin parted crisped meat salty rich cooked squab soy sauce skin meat deep deep brown bone shark fin soup tasting sea huge prawns fried special batter gave extra fluffy coat allowed touch courses toasts lefty raised cup wine left hand arm held hand clap warned hand stare lonely lefty gambling drinking dope fill empty hours hand clap told lefty bought ticket home night leave tried double money lose money ticket home despair morning family cleaver cut hand hand held dice lefty canton spoke dialect kind polish lefty picked give toast lefty held cup wine wines tang high alcoholic content stronger demon wines fact sixty proof demon brandy uncle called wine toast lefty youngest brother moon shadow son brilliant windrider moon shadow hard rich soon return home sooner
uncle father conversation knew demons tongue read discuss demons magazines newspapers friends kinsmen worked demons mansions bring demonic easier speak read hard understand language twenty symbols letters alphabet letters rearranging confusing patterns clock gotten fire ready white deer cook dinner hurry tang school learn classics tang classics books supposedly written confucius ancients correct live sense didn uncle told applied including demons parts applied rich home hours later school grab quick dinner leftovers wash dishes chores lessons bed worked sixteen hours happier part liked father pick dirty laundry deliver clean father speak demonic job took wagon painted bright red company demon script painted large bold gold letters sides wagon pulled red rabbit wagon livery stable blocks demons section red rabbit big strong horse red fire white star forehead
says pair demon brothers wright flew ae ro plane father tongue rolled syllables pronounced demon word delighted sheer sound full vowels aeroplane wings dragon king asked father laughed tousled hair affectionately say repair bicycles demon eyes deep spoken learning fly strange beach floor dining room kitchen doubled gaming room evenings dishes cleared uncle excited demon magazine folded arms chest pondered move tang chess slightly demon chess thing river board finally uncle pushed chariot forward sat white deer move fairy tale children uncle haven read fact father insisted trust read demons papers uncle observed loftily sitting special treasure chair founder company built carved teakwood brought middle kingdom head company sat chair uncle treated chair throne allowed sit uncle settled chair speak proclamations knew argue understand uncle took stubborn attitude fact demon flown father demons library read newspapers gathered country copied accounts
unh father grunted opium costs money binge unh look father sighed set iron stove rack took heating wet thumb test suppose finally night dinner lefty began confrontation uncle understand leopard head north country pockets full money think game leopard head cook demons ranch north point member brotherhood eternal repose nicknamed sleepers enemies brothers rested eternally brotherhood black dog belonged staying hall black dog hall lefty find worthless boy uncle grumbled spit face worthless uncle white deer chided gently comes closest tang seen uncle mopped brow handkerchief air hot steamy inside building ashamed hand clap contributed yes white deer small dog tail slung legs boy knows shame member company hah mind fire boy white deer shrugged fire company partners agree hand clap
washed face morning told picked empty pail watched doorway worked pump handle water splashed pail inside clean hand towels threw wash think grumbled visiting empress father wet towel pail began wash face mother polite knew person king queen white demons protested father opened trunk clean ironed shirts white deer masterpieces mother comes says understand annoyed rubbed face vigorously anyway fact harder mother going accused unfaithful changed clean shirt father announced ready finally stepped standing empty yard afraid thought watching try act brave father took hand knew needed support started demon house pointed outhouse sat end dirt lot steps knocked door shirt wore charm demons think demoness waiting father sooner knocked opened door demoness seen close stared
late sun shone side building dragon suddenly stood luminous greens yellows reds thought light comes magical pearl dragon forehead light window shafts colored light shot room demoness sat skirt gather distorted picture dragon window distorted image alive glass cast unevenly odd flamelike curves colors image full fact bursting outline thought mother kind person window surely royalty found wishing mother sure agree later demoness realize despite demonic appearance dress speech customs gentle strength sweet loving patience coupled iron hard core thought proper think demoness dragon fire locked inside window song demoness spoke dragons began feel sorry dragons sly spiteful creatures stole gold killed malicious fun sounded mother grandmother told outlaw dragons shame demoness gotten true dragons sea wise benevolent father smiled told later stable demons turn upside wrong
demon weeks water pump incident city steady spring rains didn mind demon boys stayed inside father home company rains lively friendly things strong winds blow sea catch rain knew direction hit drum suddenly roof moment roof silent rain rattled glass wall rain jump tap window opposite side father lined extra repair jobs clocks things fix spare table cluttered spared half hour evening read aeronautical books don think stopped consider wrights demons talked period half hour lesson reward model glider imitating pictures schematics books father set problem ratios convert figures full length original scaled model head abacus managed father cut bamboo strips rice paper slowly construct model chance fly father free raining free skies cloudy look rain father announced flying wear boots heavy coats days san francisco built walked mile west find plenty open sand dunes miles hit ocean
bear paddington station mrs brown looked husband amazement don silly henry brown adjusted glasses insisted distinctly saw mailbags wearing funny kind hat waiting reply caught hold wife arm pushed crowd round trolley laden chocolate cups tea past bookstall gap pile suitcases lost property office announced triumphantly pointing dark corner told mrs brown direction arm dimly small furry object shadows sitting kind suitcase neck label writing suitcase battered side large letters words wanted voyage mrs brown clutched husband henry exclaimed believe bear peered closely unusual kind bear brown colour dirty brown wearing odd looking hat wide brim brown beneath brim large round eyes stared seeing expected bear stood politely raised hat revealing black ears afternoon small clear voice er afternoon replied brown doubtfully moment silence bear looked inquiringly help brown looked embarrassed er matter fact wondering help
paddington watched retreating figure mrs bird bit fierce mrs bird turned paddington jumped began peru paddington darkest peru humph mrs bird looked thoughtful moment expect marmalade grocer tell cried judy door shut mrs bird fancy knowing marmalade paddington mrs bird knows judy upstairs show room mine small lots pictures bears round wall expect feel home led flight stairs chattering paddington closely keeping carefully side didn tread carpet bathroom judy room jonathan brother meet soon mummy daddy opened door going paddington nearly fell surprise room seen big large bed white sheets wall big boxes mirror judy pulled open drawer boxes called chest drawers able things
sixpence week children replied mrs brown brown lit pipe carefully replying mrs bird say course triumphant chorus rest family ask mrs brown noise died idea brown coughed bit afraid mrs bird wasn sure suggest left door opened mrs bird tea things paused moment looked round sea expectant faces suppose want tell decided young paddington mrs bird pleaded judy sure humph mrs bird put tray table remains seen ideas hesitated door looks sort bear means don mind mrs bird brown asked mrs bird thought moment don mind soft spot bears nice house gasped mrs brown door closed thought expect raised hat judy impression mrs bird likes polite mrs brown picked knitting suppose write tell aunt lucy
follow steps straight beginning end move stages think idea add revising find need additional information happens moving revising stage prewriting stage correct spelling word writing happens moving ahead writing stage proofreading stage thinking audience stages writing process steps prewriting stage thinking planning put ideas complete sentences stage preparing write write purposes reasons knowing writing help decide ideas include language letter tell story camping trip geography paper describe tropical island science paper explain halley comet returns seventy newspaper article try persuade parents support school book fair reasons tell story describe explain give information persuade main reasons writing reason leads kind writing writing tell story narrative writing night camp campfire sang songs listened ghost stories counselors older campers told frightening stories end evening joined hands sang top smoky fire died
find subjects write looking closely everyday things subjects things notice family experiences stories told family friends give ideas ways looking subjects write interesting easy keeping writer notebook brainstorming writer notebook collection ideas feelings happenings want share kind notebook folder paper decide write notebook need subject writing read notes look subjects part page student notebook subjects include night grandma told growing austria cold night sisters brothers lying beds heard wolf howling thought wolf door children afraid wolf house notes gave student subjects writing grandma childhood austria wolves afraid notes write notebook find subjects writing writer notebook days write ideas feelings happenings want share days read notes list subjects write save list brainstorming find subjects
written paragraph states main idea topic sentences directly connected main idea help idea clear paragraph sentence tells topic space cities states main idea space cities cities earth sentences help idea clear space cities cities earth look number giant bicycle tires tied tires roof glass metal ring large open space trees fountains ten thousand live rings single space city paragraph group sentences meet tests topic main idea topic sentences directly connected main idea read group sentences check meets tests friend tamara dane kind guard dog doberman brother cat named boots hiss strangers dog animal shelter hope parents let dog group sentences looks paragraph main idea topic sentences directly connected main idea number paper read groups sentences group sentences meets tests paragraph write number
book report tells book tells writer report book choose book interest audience classmates teacher read book reports choose book enjoy reading read book carefully pay close attention read want enjoy book want able tell readers notes content book write remember book look book note important details forgotten story note setting place note names important characters tell important events give ending biography true story person give important dates person explain important tell important events person nonfiction true books explain subject important give writer important ideas subject notes thought book want help readers decide read book tell liked book give reason arrange ideas order teacher give format write title author book plan tell book order author plan tell thought book
write draft book report planned exercise read draft keeping mind purposes book report report tell book includes important events ideas author wrote report tell writer report thought book dislike guidelines evaluate book report revise making needed guidelines evaluating book reports evaluate book report wrote exercise revise referring chart page revise suggestions page proofread book report carefully final copy readers proofread guidelines proofreading page check writing teacher directions final copy proofread copy opinion idea true person believes believe dogs pets cats unlike fact opinion proved true explained reason reasons point dogs protect owners reason help explain opinion choose opinion interest audience readers teacher classmates choose opinion want read readers think cat pet write believe owning cats owning
look forward getting mail fun read magazines look catalogs letter friend relative situations require letter writing skills write personal news distant family friends order mail want write local newspaper important topic chapter help learn write proper social business letters complete forms put writing friendly letter felt say want write thinking friend exciting news tell don postpone writing begin writing find things say share experiences interest friend thoughts share step think receiver letter common writing age write school friends school activities hobbies writing neighborhood friend moved write neighborhood activities writing relative share family news news including thoughts feelings subjects give plenty say find topics letter answering look friend comment parts letter answer friend questions read letter page list items news comment answered letter
twenty verbs paragraph list order paper write number sentence verb sure include helping verbs ago read memorize stories tell children brothers especially liked stories wrote stories stories printed german translated languages characters stories heard sleeping beauty hansel gretel loved children popular character tom thumb times heard story cinderella recall snow white dwarfs remember rumpelstiltskin stories preserved brothers grimm find library film rent videocassettes stories recognize future generations enjoy learned adjective modifies noun pronoun modifier makes word exact adverb modifier modifies verb adjective adverb reporters quickly gather news adverb quickly modifies verb gather route adverb modifies adjective paper boy delivers paper early adverb modifies adverb early adverb early modifies verb delivers adjectives answer questions kind adverbs answer questions extent read examples dog ran adverb tells call later adverb later tells
sentences adverb number sentence write adverb adverbs write word adverb modifies pegasus unusual large winged horse greek mythology pegasus flew easily sky grew weary hero bellerophon wanted pegasus badly wanted reach mount olympus athena goddess wisdom quietly advised catch horse quickly gave magic golden bridle charm pegasus bellerophon excitedly hurried fields find magic horse pegasus pegasus drinking slowly spring bellerophon gently bridled magic horse look binoculars sharpen focus order image clear adverbs help writing clear sharpening focus adverbs adverbs added version boldfaced type dog creeping looked hungry coat matted dirty dog looked couldn resist petting wagged tail knew found friend dog gradually creeping completely looked hungry coat matted extremely dirty eagerly dog looked couldn resist petting gently wagged tail knew found friend write incident adverbs help paragraph interesting underline adverb arrange ideas order events happened
word sentence tells part speech word group words sentence single part speech word group called phrase chapter worked briefly prepositional phrase chapter prepositional phrase adjective adverb proper number write prepositional phrase sentence word words phrase modifies tell phrase writing adjective adjective phrase adverb adverb phrase crowd waved banners game book comets diagrams seen pictures house visit grandparents july august uncle ed carefully knocked snow boots left package front porch party teachers overdue clown handed balloons children grass park high help pizza phrase group words part speech phrase subject verb important remember phrases stand words part sentence prepositional phrase phrase begins preposition ends noun pronoun prepositional phrase adjective adverb prepositions words show relation noun pronoun word sentence noun pronoun follows preposition called object preposition
writing tell story narrative writing sure saw wasp start yelling kids dived desks heroes books papers football thing ended wasp brain flew window writing describe descriptive writing guess true snakes slimy held wasn touched fish scales snake felt smoother believe snake black orange stripes school colors writing explain expository writing sorry visit planned going scout camp summer mom says bus ticket things tight dog obedience classes start week promised mutt writing persuade persuasive writing big news school stay extra hour foreign language part push excellence program don think extra subject kids taking hard subjects homework handle forcing extra subject mean learn piece writing purpose telling story wasp study hall writer describes scene writer main purpose tell story writing main purpose
apply knowledge put knowledge facts subject reasons facts understand knowing subject means remembering important terms facts audience definition word audience age knowledge audience affects write understand subject meaning remember definitions important points put ideas words summarize facts recognize examples ideas check understanding audience think specific actions writer meet needs audience consider examples writer age interests specific audience sentence sentences numb hours bitter cold survivors hope rescued wearily clutched mugs steaming coffee sentences explain detail typical school seventh grader paragraph seventh grade students suitable audience read paragraph decide suitable rewrite paragraph suitable seventh graders ago boys girls lived called greeks greeks lived place things today sun left sky evening thought
clincher concluding sentence give paragraph sense completeness sentence restate main idea words summarize details suggest specific action paragraph notice boldfaced clincher sentence restates main idea topic sentence sentence national park service set congress performs variety important jobs operates parks monuments historic sites recreational spots areas united states addition protecting preserving areas service comfort safety millions visit parks operates hotels cabins campgrounds parkways trails collects sends information sites operates clearly national park service accomplishes wide range worthwhile activities paragraph needs clincher sentence sentence needed short paragraph clincher sentence tacked paragraph effective clincher sentence feel paragraph improved write clincher sentence paragraphs try writing versions choose think effective study important study pick quiet place distractions turning radio tv help concentrate trying learn study feeling fresh late night don wait minute study important exam
chapter learned importance beginning middle ending narrative expository composition needs introduction beginning body middle conclusion ending write draft composition let writing flow freely concentrate getting ideas topic paper later able evaluate revise written simply important express thoughts outline guide notice ideas topic occur write feel free include draft introduction arouse interest purpose composition begin composition statement fact notice sample composition page begins dog qualities easiest animals train statement fact arouses interest encouraging audience wonder qualities purpose composition tell train dog wish statement purpose sentence introduction write introduction expository composition body longest part composition develop main headings subheadings shown outline general rule write paragraph main heading main heading require paragraph form paragraphs depends amount information contained main heading
composition developed outline pages notes margin show outline composition related read composition notice introductory sentence suggests writer purpose notice body writer amounts space headings outline finally notice conclusion simply directly ends composition dog qualities easiest animals train intelligence helps learn quickly understand want desire makes eager learn obey learning specific commands general rules training dog firm firm mean harsh cruel dog means making sure dog understands clearly obey playing teach command words command repeat lesson dog learned finally praise dog praise greatest rewards give dog help dog learn basic kind training give dog obedience training teaches simple commands dog learned obedience commands heel sit lie formed habit obedience commands easily basic commands heel controls dog moving teach dog command jerk leash give word command moves ahead
knowledge age audience difference write explanation readers unfamiliar subject younger readers need information read instructions word processor replace word problems readers unfamiliar word processor instructions replace word touch replace key move cursor highlight word replaced press execute type word press execute writing directions careful landmarks local names unfamiliar readers directions reader familiar area turn chicken blocks swimming place turn left banks house left king school directions reader unfamiliar area turn joe chicken shack large plastic chicken front blocks large brick building called evanston aquatic center turn left banks street house left martin luther king jr school explanation cowboy encyclopedia tells cowboy west hat fit head personality paper list details paragraph suitable readers prepared explain answers explain information need understand paragraph thing cowboy buying hat place water sure inside crown crease suit
look groups words spoken end telephone conversation word lines exactly meant case thought incomplete words speaker missing lines express complete thoughts sentences groups words express complete thoughts sentences sentences notice capital letter beginning sentence mark punctuation end harper lee won prize book fasten seat belt stop running watch car groups words sentences express complete thoughts group leaves need order understand writer means say number paper capital letters marks punctuation purposely omitted groups words group words sentence write number capital letter beginning adding mark punctuation end group words sentence write ns number sentence essential parts subject predicate subject sentence part sentences subjects boldface heavy type girls team students margaret white famous photographer sentence find subject asking
number paper write complete predicate sentences underline verb historians unsure history stars stripes continental congress approved design flag design included thirteen red stripes thirteen white stripes top quarter flag blue field thirteen white stars designer flag unknown congress placement stars george washington wanted flags army flags arrived revolutionary war according legend betsy ross flag historians doubt betsy ross story verbs consist word verb simple predicate sentence verb word called verb phrase notice verb phrases sentences kathy riding ferris wheel carnival town weeks bernice words frequently verbs verbs part verb verb phrase written recently forget homework number paper write verb verb phrase sentences hawaii called aloha settled polynesians earlier musical language courteous ways original hawaiians contributed islands attractiveness hawaii largest active volcanoes volcanoes viewed tourists hawaii volcanoes national park difficulty locating subject sentences
twenty prepositional phrases paragraphs write phrases order number sentence underline preposition object william beebe descended diving bell depth feet surface atlantic ocean later record broken otis barton barton device touched bottom california coast feet beebe barton devices attached heavy steel cables cables raised lowered devices supporting ship safely approach deepest parts sea august piccard eliminated need cables clever steel cabin walls inches thick attached bottom float float divided compartments filled gasoline float supported heavy cabin unlike earlier devices piccard cabin support afloat tons steel pellets ballast sinking cabin desired level directions times directions places directions telling directions clear complete likely person trouble person able carry prepositional phrases help write directions easy follow notice prepositional phrases examples directions clear complete bit turn going mailbox blocks stoplight turn corner blocks
diagram complex sentences visitors tour england fall enjoy brilliant colors leaves cousins left wedding late arrived pass elementary latin course grades improve sally ride american woman flew space children screamed roller coaster began descent variety sentence structures writing interesting read sentence structure choose expresses idea clearly simple sentences expressing ideas stand compound sentences help show connection closely related ideas equal importance complex sentences combining ideas equal importance closely related notice variety sentence structures paragraph month moving san francisco visited city week looked apartment found high ceilings big windows blocks school ride bus miss friends agreed write looking forward living city bay write paragraph describing town live town live real town town revise paragraph check combine related ideas equally important compound sentences check combine ideas equal importance closely related complex sentences
pronouns singular plural order singular plural verb pronouns observe sense sentence pronoun refers person thing singular takes singular verb refers person thing plural takes plural verb study examples note number pronoun meaning nation interest centers politics political convention subject singular refers thing interest verb centers singular agree states send delegates national political conventions subject plural refers thing fifty states verb send plural agree excitement convention conveyed television coverage subject singular means part excitement helping verb singular agree delegates disappointed candidate chosen subject plural refers delegate verb plural agree write original sentences words subjects sure verbs agree subjects number subjects connected plural verb subjects singular
learned chapter word pronoun stands called antecedent sentence noun team antecedent pronoun team won games verb agree subject pronoun agree antecedent pronoun agrees antecedent number gender personal pronouns singular number forms gender antecedents show antecedent feminine show antecedent masculine antecedent masculine feminine notice pronouns antecedents sentences agree number gender carlotta read composition class today myron read composition tomorrow plant losing leaves examples antecedents noun antecedent personal pronoun kind pronoun cases need look phrase follows antecedent determine personal pronoun girls class offered ideas lost key antecedent masculine feminine cases writers masculine form personal pronoun writers prefer masculine feminine forms parents praised child efforts parents praised child efforts conversation find natural plural personal pronoun referring singular antecedent masculine feminine
obvious learning meaning word look dictionary chances learned small percentage words method guessed meaning situation heard word recognized formed words knew methods chapter context word means words sentences surround context guess meaning unfamiliar word meaning word accompanist guess sentence accompanist played loudly interfered singer context tell accompanist means plays piano sings word mean context look word dictionary find guess fact performs soloist singer instrumentalist accompanist studying literature read ernest lawrence thayer poem called casey bat poem tells mighty casey star mudville team comes bat half ninth runners runs needed mudville tie opponents casey swing pitch umpire calls strike crowd filled anger umpire call casey quiets game continues
writing important tool learning writing ideas study science class understand science write factual reports class pages explore ideas science class forms writing writing science class journal journal writer notebook english class pages journal write think ideas studying track experiments conducting discuss questions teacher making journal entries help organize ideas experiment record steps results observed part experiment discuss steps try explain results finally journal entries write laboratory report experiment science teacher provide report form complete report information journal write journal field studies demonstrations class activities journal write ideas studying teacher ask write items journal describe process photosynthesis explain ways simple machine lever improves daily define term symbiosis include examples meaning clear writing ideas find understanding weak strong
preparing talk similar preparing write plan talk follow steps follow planning piece writing find helpful refer discussion prewriting pages ideas planning talk report find subjects talk find write writer notebook brainstorming clustering observation methods discussed chapters ideas mind decide subject suitable talk choose subject part interest experience interest knowledge able speak enthusiastically subject provide helpful information select subject interest audience classmates interested subject summer recreation programs interested subject selecting groceries select subject think interest audience choose subject fit purpose talk describe tell story persuade explain inform think speaking audience supposed give talk telling story select subject involves event conflict white water rafting subject talk story tell suppose give talk explaining subject classmates list subjects talk
writers notes experiences special notebook journal express thoughts feelings events books articles read add newspaper clippings quotations cartoons advertisements photographs interest writers simply talk paper list questions find answers writer notebook include interests puzzles impresses want remember explore subject writing feel comfortable sharing entry student journal jill funny tries hard grown yesterday church decided sing hymns course read hums goes la la la da couldn help laughing saw scowled jimmy funny odd jill messes room amused sister silly bothers annoyed hard maybe easier understand brothers sisters re younger wonder kids age feelings week collect item put writer notebook want folder daily entry sentences write experience newspaper magazine article cartoon comic strip advertisement picture letter editor advice columnist imagination deciding include notebook
attitude feeling writer subject feeling expressed tone writing kinds words writer chooses talk subject writers search unusual subjects express unusual attitude makes common subject interesting thousands writers written playing baseball comments overworked subject appealing writer amusing attitude offering advice readers tips act pro going bat don step batter box elevator box turf stage possession slowly deliberately starting lot bending knee stretching torso revolving deck circle approaching box stop tap dirt spikes bat don spikes sneakers course significance tapping entering box spit ground saying mine hits spit frequently spit crucial moments spit correctly spit blown ptuied weakly lips results dribble spitting convey forcefulness purpose concentration pride spit direction spit glove fingers especially making real knucklehead play saying dropped ball glove dry bat field pick dirt rub dirt fingers especially spitting toss dirt testing wind velocity direction
sentences paragraph unit main idea clear sentences directly support main idea confuse reader removed paragraph crossed sentence directly related main idea topic sentence sentence according psychologists adult personality traits result child place family adults children likely high achievers verbal confident tend perfectionists firstborn children characteristics sister sheila firstborn finishing medical school middle children compete parents attention adults skilled dealing adults youngest children tend high achievers hard liked achieve unity paragraph check supporting sentence topic sentence draft paragraph evaluate read paragraphs carefully sentences paragraph directly related main idea write unity proper number paragraph sentences destroy paragraph unity write sentence sentences think omitted chinese surprisingly names chinese names syllable shanghai china largest city syllable names city records common zhang wang liu li
sample composition follows developed topic outline page notes margin show outline composition related notice introduction arouses interest suggests purpose composition paragraph body explains main headings outline finally notice conclusion brings composition definite end wondered collect stamps stamp collecting popular hobby reasons collectors gain pleasure varied colors designs stamps enjoying fun watching collections grow addition stamp collecting educational stamps tell collector deal customs events famous citizens country collectors soon learn find exact location country interested find important facts country interesting stamp collecting want begin collection beginning collectors start family mail variety stamps collected letters packages average family receives relative family friend happens living overseas valuable source addition collector buy domestic stamps post office large post offices special windows stamps local post offices sell stamps issued foreign stamps bought hobby stores ordered stamp dealers fact stamp dealers advertise magazines magazines popular young important source stamps collectors dealers offer beginners packet assorted stamps low price
rely primarily notes write draft summary summary words follow organization ideas original united states richest nations americans enjoy high standard living nation standard living population based amount goods services afford average money spend goods buy nations economic system produces goods services makes number reasons economic success united states land natural resources timber minerals energy resources climate fertile soil abundance addition energetic inventive resources turned needed desirable products system government ensured private enterprise owning operating businesses individuals government protected individuals property profit finally united states developed economic system find earn financial success united states wealthiest nations earth americans provide goods services high standard living afford buy goods services america economically successful rich natural resources industrious system government ensures individual businesses profit contributes economic success
critical thinking skill analysis look closely understand parts put carefully examining parts organization model report help write factual report read model notice writer introduces topic develops paragraph think writer plan organization paragraphs arranged logical order look topic sentences paragraph group women children sailed england headed part called virginia travelers goodbye native land expected return home purpose begin ocean build houses plant crops english settlers vast land settlers english intended homes virginia reach land groups englishmen landed groups reason purpose find base english ships base english ships easily attack ships england enemy spain sailing nearby caribbean groups explorers landed roanoke island coast present north carolina disappointment early explorers found waters shallow ports ships fifteen groups returned england
write sentences paper underlining subjects verbs verb phrases charlotte emily famous bronte sisters originally wrote published pen names jane eyre wuthering heights known books charlotte bronte jane eyre endured overcame hardships emily bronte wuthering heights saddens makes tearful catherine earnshaw heathcliff stand unforgettable characters children wandered explored moor catherine loved heathcliff married edgar jane eyre wuthering heights movies watched movies read books titles words characters songs books poems write ten sentences compound subjects compound predicates underline subjects verbs tom sawyer becky thatcher childhood sweethearts looked room lately haven changed items places stop paying attention reaction holds true writing start sentence subject reader lose interest words need liven writing hold reader interest place subject sentence place middle end sentence spite believe heart bottom television picture words tornado watch lives ordinary source entertainment inspiration write biography friend relative
number paper pick fifty nouns sentences nouns rods reels lines called tackle mines important economy industry utah hobbies teach skills provide hours entertainment war women country worked hospitals factories offices pollution air water problem computers part daily lives children adults huge crowds attended olympics summer responsible citizens democracy exercise vote elections armadillos excellent sense smell daily searches food insects lizards small creatures person knows courage needed face danger personal problem single noun words words written single word redwood words red pepper hyphen esteem nouns names things consist word rose fitzgerald kennedy buckingham palace adventures huckleberry finn book nouns called compound nouns sure compound noun written look dictionary main classes nouns common nouns proper nouns common noun names class group persons places things proper noun names person place thing proper noun begins capital letter consists word important word capitalized declaration independence
number paper write verb phrases order paragraph earning livings unusual jobs today find positions shepherds inventors candlestick makers strange decided ordinary jobs tedious working messengers seen wearing costumes gorilla suits finding mimes imagination find unusual job verb phrase interrupted parts speech examples fog road someday communicate dolphins lucy stone suffragist number paper list verbs verb phrases paragraph action verb verb phrase write linking verb verb phrase write term viking sailors north norwegians swedes danes vikings fierce roamed seas hundred centuries considered vikings scourge europe invaded pillaged countries worshiped fierce gods thor odin hoped die battle vikings believed died battle valhalla eternally enjoy battles banquets vikings thought warriors valhalla battlefield receive wounds
write want specific names names important writing involved names confusing cases indefinite pronouns refer person place thing idea pronouns sure proofread carefully pronouns match verbs number students enjoys water slide indefinite pronoun agree singular verb enjoys students enjoy water slide plural pronoun agrees plural verb enjoy write narrative present telling real imaginary class club trip paragraph indefinite pronouns idea begin narrative end chorus class takes trip beach students bring fishing gear bring inflatable rafts float pack lotion help prevent bad sunburns number paper read sentence aloud verb agrees subject write verb agree subject write correct form verb sentences verb consider concert chorus members harmonize eighth grade track stars compete swimming meets britain prehistoric monument stonehenge challenges tourists uncover mysteries wants erected massive stones visitors assumes ancient druids built stonehenge
reasons foreign countries difficulty learning english word order syntax english sentences vary subject verb modifiers beginning middle end sentence sentences begin subject follows verb writing need proofread verb agrees subject number verb comes subject exciting tv shows lately historical figures subject shows plural agree number singular verb exciting tv shows lately historical figures plural verb agrees plural subject shows pretend welcoming group place explain strange things encounter start sentences sure proofread carefully agreement errors ideas times places explanation don plural subjects pronouns gloves don fit don speak clearly don record subjects music box play cold weather matter frequent errors don don incorrectly remember singular subjects read sentences aloud getting accustomed hearing correct don habit words correctly
seen socks didn match hurry easy mistake pronoun usage errors occur writers hurry mistakes easy subject object compound jana waited tennis court play pronoun subject verb jana waited tennis court play nominative case pronoun correct subject verb waited write paragraph incident involved friend supply details incident memorable include compound subjects compound objects underline constructions sure nominative case pronouns subjects objective case pronouns objects object preposition objective case prepositional phrase begins preposition ends object noun pronoun object pronoun careful objective case note case objects prepositional phrases errors usage occur object preposition compound notice prepositional phrases exercise pronouns objective case read sentences times stressing correct italicized pronouns safari continued counselors left camp stood families ceremony suggestions jane clowns talked clair give father help juan built fire
addition identifying main ideas need identify supporting details details include reasons examples descriptions paragraph main idea expressed topic sentence sentence sentences details explain main idea prepared give pet lifetime care fully grown pet totally dependent needs provide food water change litter box walk sure sufficient exercise re responsible keeping clean watching health taking vet train discipline pet nuisance give attention affection remains loving companionable pet senior citizen need affection care main idea paragraph prepared care pet support main idea writer details feed pet care needs sure exercise clean healthy need train pet give attention affection pet ages give additional love care reading paragraphs noting main ideas supporting details complete activity winter st catharines terrible canada strange frozen land snow ice bone biting cold experienced harriet rented small frame house town set home
similarities planning oral report planning piece writing fact skills organize form communication choosing suitable subject limiting subject topic gathering arranging information skills prewriting steps writing process review prewriting steps refer pages chapter oral reports written reports discussed chapter planned oral written reports purpose present information explain subject express support opinion important difference oral reports written word word notes help remember material speak sure steps prepare oral reports school subjects subject report problem selection asked choose subject find subjects talk find subjects write methods discussed chapters find subjects talk observation brainstorming clustering writer journal choose suitable subject report ideas guide choice focus interests experiences discussing subject interested able speak confidently enthusiastically confidence enthusiasm report interesting audience select subject interest audience
planning oral report focused content speech explain audience topic important consider communicate content audience deliver report need think nonverbal communication pronunciation enunciation expression communicate unspoken nonverbal signals talk sign language converse umpire baseball game raises thumb air say re nonverbal communication called body language important part giving speech audience read interpret speaker gestures body movements listen words nonverbal signals communicate exactly speaker wants say improve speech posture natural gestures stand straight weight feet sitting place feet squarely floor straight chair posture communicates confidence look audience speak glance room focus faces listeners eye contact effective hold audience attention note cards glance stare speak speaking try smile occasionally smiling helps relax audience gestures control natural feel nervous giving talk avoid nervous random gestures fidgeting hair note cards think gestures mean choose gestures help hinder spoken words keeping hands pockets suggests prepared give speech
analyze divide parts parts related analyzing purpose audience helps decisions content language writing understand purpose affects content include consider paragraph starting freshwater aquarium purpose inform provide specific details equipment needed steps involved start freshwater aquarium spread layer natural colored gravel bottom glass tank fill tank tap water need add special chemicals fish killed chlorine tap water chemical filter inside tank hung tank fish agitated bare undecorated tanks add real artificial rocks plants decoration purpose tell story provide specific details interest amuse audience winter sister began saving money buy freshwater aquarium saturday pet store choose fish home money agreeing fish buy wasn hard couldn agree sister liked everyday names michael angela edward preferred romantic fantastic names periambra loassha argued future fish finally decided buy aquarium spent money saved cassette tapes examples show audience affects language choose
chosen subject decide attitude writer attitude ordinary subject appealing writers attitude seemingly commonplace objects events interesting looked closely angle usual attitude feeling subject reflected tone writing tone revealed language writer chooses paragraph ordinary subject writer dog kelly jean kerr attitude kelly attitude help kelly special language reveal attitude meant say fact met dog didn kelly wire haired fox terrier wouldn say terribly handsome nice smile sense fitness dogs neighborhood spend afternoons yapping heels chasing cats kelly spends chasing swans millpond don actually worry catch thing swim settling simple dog paddle show try complicated overhand stroke result sinks fished naturally talk walk point say crazy dog chases swans
observation means carefully noting specific details experience seen cartoons challenge find missing inaccurate details scene room glance wrong picture observing picture closely notice legs chair woman sleeve coat upside moustache observe pay attention specific details sharpening powers observation prove gather information writing answer questions looking room school bulletin board classroom items overhead lighting room fixtures look students room males females cleaning materials school smell smell times school bells ring fire alarm end period bell writer journal excellent source ideas public writing write interests amuses puzzles journal look topics write specific details include read excerpt journal notice specific details writer includes think source writing evenings spent mainly porches screen doors slammed darkness special summertime sounds
purpose short story entertain stories fables meant teach lesson story amusing entertaining mystery science fiction story humorous certainly keeps reader interested purpose mind audience short story teacher classmates family friends readers magazine consider experience knowledge audience plan write mad computer scientist audience need computer terminology details language short story create tone reflects writer attitude consider attitude characters events admire character despise determine tone create mind nearly tone situation want offend audience read models compare tone attitude writers characters events father priest son priest dead places father afraid father house search metal stood door heart felt small weak dead house spirit house smell bones corner fitting priest son show fear looked bones shadow voice
story description flat colorless lengthy descriptive passage rarely found modern writing bits vivid description story help reader visualize characters setting dialogue reveal character describe physical characteristics personality traits describe character appearance words appeal senses precise colorful nouns verbs modifiers sharp interest arousing details notice mccullers techniques describe woman tall straight woman pale haggard face eyes deeply shadowed wore dark ragged hair pushed forehead large delicate hands grubby effective description character includes physical details includes details reveal personality prepare reader character reactions events story description called character sketch reveal personality decide character dominant personality trait character generous stingy religious cruel choose details show trait show motivates character experiences emotions character behavior character sketch consist paragraphs include incidents background information exposition descriptive details notice excerpt short story combines elements reveal dominant personality trait shawn kelvin blithe young lad twenty states seek fortune fifteen returned native kerry blitheness sobered youth dried core fortune knowing
describing setting story try create atmosphere mood development action precise details words appeal senses help audience picture scene weather create mood prepare reader events story model beginning short story called fall house usher notice poe weather season scenery establish gloomy mood dull dark soundless autumn clouds hung oppressively low heavens passing horseback singularly dreary tract country length found shades evening drew view melancholy house usher write paragraph description setting short story answers exercises select situation conflict writing story plan setting plan plot consists conflict action climax outcome basic elements narrative writing develop plot story remember climax moment highest emotional intensity end story curtain goes dancer recital boxer staggers feet throws punch firefighter enters burning building build suspense interest climax quickly resolve conflict
revise write paragraph combining sentences create clear varied sentences careful change meaning original paragraph add commas north pole remote areas earth south pole difference dramatic north pole covered ocean south pole frozen land polar region north inhabited home eskimo peoples millennia antarctic largely uninhabited unknown region centuries ago climate antarctica harsh degrees colder arctic revise rewrite paragraph eliminate choppy sentences careful change meaning original paragraph add commas american voters vote directly president according constitution vote called electors cast official vote president electors names ballots ballots ballots presented voters election election november electors gather capital gather early december votes senate immediately votes counted official candidates declared president candidate receives majority electoral votes occasional sentence characterizes mature style adds smoothness variety compositions stringy sentences main clauses monotonously strung avoided
sentences subject grammatically correct paragraph monotonous avoid common dullness writing vary beginnings sentences read paragraph monotonous writing sentence begins subject found solution crying problems peel strong onions read magazine article entitled onions tears persons according article tested ways peel onions weeping guinea pigs making experiments discarded popular useless theories chewing buttered bread stop tears keeping ice cube inside closed mouth help testers found ways helping avoid watery eyes keeping bread slice teeth electric fan blow onion fumes experimenters agreed effective ways peel onion crying shut nose kind clip swimmers talk sing mouth open try method songbook swimmer noseclip give friend ask friend peel onions subject sentences paragraph lessen effectiveness ideas presented notice varied beginnings sentences revision paragraph found solution crying problems peel strong onions according magazine article entitled onions tears persons tested ways slice onions weeping
worst things critic say writer writing bores sentences start subject writing monotonous bore reader experiment placing sentence subjects positions note examples write paragraph choice elective semester explain choosing elective add sentence variety placing subjects position beginning request command subject sentence stated sentences person spoken understood subject sentence request answer phone person spoken sentence command listen sentence understood subject request command include ellen class subject sentence words called nouns direct address identify person spoken addressed understood subject sentence ellen answer phone write ten sentences requests commands include nouns direct address sentences write understood subject parentheses sentence underline nouns direct address compound subject consists subjects joined conjunction verb conjunctions commonly connect words compound subject study sentences
antecedent masculine feminine writers masculine form personal pronoun refer antecedents writers prefer masculine feminine forms cases students shouted approval students shouted approval person choose friends carefully person choose friends carefully avoid awkward construction rephrasing sentence plural form pronoun students shouted approval persons choose friends carefully conversation find convenient plural personal pronoun referring singular antecedents masculine feminine form increasingly popular writing someday acceptable standard written english packed lunch insulated bags member senior citizen club received tickets advance singular pronoun refer notice sentences prepositional phrase alter number antecedent antecedent singular singular pronoun agreement exception meaning antecedents clearly plural cases plural pronoun laughed saw clowns laughed saw clowns singular antecedents joined referred singular pronoun richard bob distinguished finals paula janet present views subject
keeping verb tenses consistent writing helps reader understand events took place move past present past reader confused order events occurred writing clear easy follow sure verb tenses consistently write paragraph learned play game sport read paragraph carefully sure verb tenses consistent verb active voice expresses action performed subject verb passive voice action expresses performed subject coach instructed subject performs action instructed coach subject receives action transitive verbs objects active voice compare subjects related sentences author helpful diagrams helpful diagrams provided author object active sentence subject passive subject active sentence expressed passive sentence prepositional phrase fact omitted passive sentence verb passive sentence verb phrase includes form verb past participle main verb helping verbs active sentence included passive willa cather wrote antonia antonia written willa cather erased tapes tapes erased
placing modifiers words modify makes writing clear easy follow mistakenly write waking middle night roar wind startled readers difficulty knowing waking clearly roar wind similarly write inside oven suddenly noticed casserole burning readers mental picture inside oven avoid confusing losing readers sure misplace modifiers writing write paragraph describing crowd part recently crowd play sports event read paragraph carefully making sure misplaced modifiers sentences errors modifiers appositives mistakes comparisons dangling misplaced modifiers revise sentence clear correct traveling scotland discovered stories monsters popular kind story received deal publicity knew called loch ness monster person sight monster veterinary student edinburgh arthur grant grant strange creature cycling road shore loch ness cycling closer monster took leaps plunged lake expect numerous theories presented identity monster local paper thought monster freshwater species sea serpent believed story hoax theories obviously fascinating
number paper copy italicized word passage write definition synonym completed exercise check dictionary meanings rewrite wrong restudy context missed add words notebook list team played game half ninth inning found adversaries holding run lead big surmount hope diminished batter flied center revived frank pitcher hit double opponents decided strategy gave intentional base balls george batter excitement reached climax eddie fourth hit sharp grounder baseman unable intercept subsequent events quick follow bases full joe catcher hit home run frenzied spectators rushed field carried wild acclaim clubhouse words english carbon dioxide meaning closely related meanings common words word point mean place tip pencil unit scoring game main idea trying express things dictionaries define important word important looking word meaning settle definition listed entry word mind context read heard word
times teacher ask precis written summary reading assignment effect precis involves writing kind information study notes include find process writing precis helps digest remember read study notes writing precis includes steps reading thoughtfully selection going summarize read passage list major points selection words general rule include point full paragraph information main ideas pages mention supporting details examples leave introductory concluding details critical main point advantage typographical clues textbooks points included headings boldfaced type show precis write precis words write full sentences summary complete usual rule precis length original remember precis summarizes passage include reaction summarizing precis writing involves critical thinking skills analyze material decide important decide detail essential supporting point left challenging write precis complete concise check precis original accuracy prepared revise study precis material rule page compare original
oldest common form city government mayor council plan diagram shows organization form government kind government lawmaking body called city council chief executive city government mayor sees city laws ordinances enforced mayor members city council elected voters city term office varies cases mayor council government city divided districts called wards ward elects member council cities elect council members large chosen voters city city councils house city voters elect officials including treasurer judges municipal courts city attorney solicitor tax assessors officials elected appointed heads departments police firefighting traffic water welfare parks playgrounds civil defense housing licenses purchasing diagram show elected appointed mayor council plan city government diagram mayor person city council number members write study notes passage write precis selection sixty words writing topics concepts content area subject social studies history help understand class common forms writing subjects research papers reports pages explore topics illustrate concepts social studies history forms writing
paragraphs dr king general statement topic sentence giving main idea sentence controls entire paragraph restricting ideas included sentences descriptive paragraphs paragraphs stories topic sentences special cases topic sentence comes beginning paragraph tells reader immediately paragraph putting topic sentence helps writer remember point topic sentence middle paragraph end coming end paragraph topic sentence serves conclusion based information presented sentences fourteenth century opened series famines brought population growth outstripped techniques food production precarious balance tipped series heavy rains floods chilling climate called ice age weakened fell century central disaster black death eruption bubonic plague swept known carried estimated population half makes lethal episode known history interest age equipped tools overkill sentences paragraph present main idea sentence introduces general idea restricts limits idea focusing aspect sentences called topic restriction sentences
identify topic sentence topic restriction sentences paragraphs say want pick flowers indoors idea suppose natural garden house don realize indoors look single flower undistracted meditation brings rewards flowers desk lit spotlight sun slowly moves kind ecstacy beauty light petals vein seen relief structure suddenly visible noticed deep orange cup flat cupped daffodils translucent bright green stamens american sign language substitutes speech dizzying combination animated hand gestures facial expressions body movements signed performance shop horrors carl chopinsky marie taccogna theater access project mouthed words spoken sung perfect synchrony actor interpreting simultaneously hands signer delivered dialogue music lyrics trio sang song la supremes interpreters hips rolling swaying created harmonies signing unison hand movements clipped hiccuping rolling sustained mimicking sound voices climax show audrey ii huge eating plant advanced audience music swelled interpreters signs grew broader extending farther bodies engulfing space
expository persuasive paragraph ideas important provide stronger support paragraph main idea convincing audience order importance enables emphasize important ideas ideas arranged important important important important persuasive paragraphs effective convincing reason presented linger reader mind ideas paragraph arranged important important topic sentence boldfaced type ideas numbered order importance specialists children television viewing suggest number ways parents control children viewing important say setting limits hour viewing school nights hours weekends suggestion parents discuss children television programs select children learn choose programs watching happens generally agreed parents watch children occasionally shared viewing leads discussion evaluation programs bring family closer increase understanding points view transitional expressions order importance choose topic sentences decide reasons support topic sentence list order important important young adult learn drive car
element examined explication poem structure god fourteen lines divided stanzas pair short lines appearing place stanzas rhyme scheme abbccaa ask purpose structure serves relationship emotion poetic control looking noting examples poem statements emotion language structure develop thesis organize notes outline specific supporting information read essay notice conclusions writer draws analyzing poem examples writer support apparent subject lyric god edna st vincent millay beauty nature center poem autumn landscape intense personal emotion arouses poet millay artistry lies giving effect spontaneous pouring feeling exercises strict control materials poet response autumnal scene ecstatic experience painful ten lines poet addresses expresses wonder delight unspoiled natural landscape scene describes romantic gray skies rolling mists spectacular crags cliffs poet desires embrace beauty draw experience intense pain passion stretcheth lines poet addresses god asks withhold beauty scene ecstacy feels intense single leaf bird call unbearable
general purpose writing short story entertain interest audience specifically want readers laugh fill suspense horror help understand basic everyday conflict specific purpose reflects attitude conflict want readers laugh feel conflict humorous consider purpose share purpose audience choose tone accurately reflect purpose attitude conflict audience laugh choose details language convey humorous tone audience tremble fear choose details language convey conflict mystery horror excerpt short story kurt vonnegut jr tone light humorous author enjoys characters conflict wants audience enjoy notice vonnegut words details reveal attitude north crawford mask wig club amateur theatrical society belong voted tennessee williams streetcar named desire spring play doris sawyer directs couldn direct mother sick club develop directors anyway couldn live forever safely seventy stuck directing job thing directed installation combination aluminum storm windows screens sold salesman storm windows doors bathtub enclosure acting goes highest rank held stage butler policeman whichever higher
decide main impression think attitude character information gathered kind picture want create person dominant characteristic pettiness gentleness wisdom strength decided main impression eliminate unrelated details arrange remaining details logically revealing incident lead details physical characteristics personal habits arrangement group physical details beginning follow personality behaviorial details analyze organization character sketch family core ripeness gant lavished abuse affection prodigal provisioning look forward eagerly entrance brought gusto living ritual watch evening turned corner eager strides follow carefully processional movements flung provisions kitchen table rekindling fire odds entered poured wood coal kerosene lavishly remove coat wash basin vigorously rubbing hands shaven tough bearded face cleansing male sound sandpaper thrust body door jamb scratch energetically moving violently fro empty half kerosene howling flame lunging savagely muttering
knowledge grammar punctuation obvious help learning write correct sentences effective writing avoiding errors sentence structure main difference writing bad writing matter correctness matter style style thought writing things difference things pages follow find principles help write sentences varied interesting readers short sentences effective composition series short sentences tends irritate readers notice short choppy sentences paragraph sound immature paragraph interesting read person niagara falls barrel live annie edson taylor schoolteacher michigan september entered upper niagara river entered river horseshoe falls horseshoe falls drops meters lower niagara river seventeen minutes passed canadian rescuers pulled annie river badly bruised shaken escaped harm annie gain fame dangerous act gain fortune later died poorhouse notice short choppy sentences previous passage combined longer smoother sentences person niagara falls barrel live annie edson taylor schoolteacher michigan september entered upper niagara river horseshoe falls drops meters lower niagara river
usual form english sentence begin subject end predicate written sentences depart natural order strike reader artificial unbroken sequence subject predicate sentences result stylistic fault monotony sequence monotonous lacks logical connections special emphasis variation sentence structure provide compare versions paragraph sentence begins sentence beginnings varied achieve emphasis clarity trial scheduled clock audience noisily settling courtroom coming show lawyers quietly talking shuffling piles papers polished tables front room bell courthouse tower struck resounding tones judge perez dignified black gown walked slowly bench clerk rasped rise room suddenly lift moment settled ominous silence judge opened case john strong manner imply trials happened trial scheduled clock courtroom audience noisily settling coming show polished tables front room lawyers quietly talking shuffling piles papers bell courthouse tower struck resounding tones judge perez dignified black gown walked slowly bench rise rasped clerk
sentences classified according structure simple compound complex compound complex sure characteristics structures turn pages study kinds sentences continuing lesson achieve variety writing varying beginnings sentences achieve variety varying kinds sentences simple compound sentences tends style monotonous read paragraph composed entirely simple compound sentences parents yearning family reunion thanksgiving magazines show smiling families sitting tables laden massive turkeys zoo smile bravely resolution resign sit glower magazines show sitting consume traditional fare parents mania cleanliness company coming turn house upside create impression rearrange house clean silverware odd jobs tasks finally completed stagger door greet guests put sizable dent turkey endless varieties leftover food hot cold turkey sandwiches creamed turkey turkey hash turkey surprise finally turkey soup eventually throw skeletal remains feel strangest urge gobble forget thing gala pots pans change routine hate drudgery
personal pronouns matching forms agree antecedents antecedent word pronoun refers small number nouns english persons things clearly masculine father ram stallion number persons things clearly feminine mother ewe mare nouns persons things masculine feminine adult reader idea gender apply town report nouns apply masculine feminine carry idea masculine feminine neuter common gender personal pronouns match gender antecedents margaret dance class pronoun feminine agree margaret car start towed pronoun agrees gender car personal pronouns forms reflect number antecedents riders readied horses pronoun plural agree riders rider adjusted stirrups antecedent singular pronoun singular words referred singular pronoun phrase antecedent change number antecedent teams mascot game sharon juanita lost glove class left notes bus supposed stay seat antecedent masculine feminine examples standard formal usage masculine pronoun writers beginning masculine feminine forms pronouns cases
games unwelcome tilt light appears wrong happens shuts start unfortunately similar situations occur writing readers stumble glaring error concentration goes tilt careful considerate writers try avoid causing readers thinking distracted errors mrs smith promised sister baby sitting job weekday morning summer narrative relates series events write narrative explain happened happened happened narrative true story imaginary write narrative truth fiction happened person narrative illustrate pronouns questions longer reduced strict law modern spoken english distinction gradually disappearing altogether going mean standard according rule learned case object verb speaker say sentences exercises book follow rules standard formal usage rules applied strictly formal writing subordinate clauses matter subordinate clauses distinction generally observed formal informal writing subordinate clause determined pronoun function clause follow steps deciding subordinate clause
verb sentence active passive rewrite passive voice active voice art lucia wilcox admired artists blindness final works interesting dufy leger motherwell pollock teachers friends exhibits paintings shown art blindness sudden wholly surprising caused tumor optic nerve blind claimed sight vision mind free static distractions style altered energetic silhouettes larger canvases lush spreading colors visions period blindness imitated known artists art forms fairly easy establish mood film director wants mood frightening select eerie music show dark rainy night wind blowing stringy moss hanging trees dancer wants mood dance movements sharp fragmented canvas artist deep dark tones artists create sights sounds reinforce mood writing words technique creating suspense written performer action unknown passive voice disturbed room suddenly noticed window opened walked close felt watched darkness
reluctant admit quiet means radio mind process ideas simultaneously pay attention radio lose focus spend getting material important schedule assignments reasonable break classes wait tired concentrate addition sure plan realistic amount assignment assignment book special page notebook record assignments precisely record pages question numbers special instructions frustrating discovering spent wrong thing idea set system signaling term projects assigned advance kind realistic schedule don end cramming minute finally sure follow directions supposed write single words full sentences label diagram give definitions prepare questions class discussion write answers turned ask sure teacher means expects assignment review assignment beginning easier task outset expected assigned selection read begin glancing general sense material organized read headings glance study questions highlight main points
survey entire study assignment chapter section complete book look headings material boldface italics charts outlines summaries general sense scope material list questions answered completing reading writer included questions teacher provide times develop questions read material section section think answers questions read recite words answers question review material rereading quickly looking questions recalling answers select assignment subjects follow steps study method complete assignment realize zip science book rate read sports page short story learn recognize switch major reading rates scan material glancing quickly find point reference scan check answers study material find date detail skim looking quickly material noting headnotes italicized boldfaced words clues help give general sense selection rate reviewing test reading rapid average rate actual speed depends conditions difficulty material interest learning details number distractions
information presented terms question notice remember proper sequence details learning development american colonies jamestown settled philadelphia learn correct order steps process able tell happened recount movie story location important expect learn trace route map identify parts features located relation selections organized answer simple questions selections include description painting titles works artist requirements run public office studying description answers question able tell difference important points important details explain point show similar geography lesson contrast characteristics coastal interior desert chemistry lesson compare properties hydrocarbon chains literature classes study similarities differences characters matter poems authors information organized comparison discusses extent look factors specific ways similar patterns organization distinguished mixed effect discussion organized extent terms sequence
analysis involves breaking smaller parts deciding parts related narrow general subject limited specific topic analysis prewriting stage analyze part writing purpose affects content include words choose consider purpose affects paragraph santa ana wind purpose inform include specific details wind origin effects write fairly formal language consider purpose affects paragraph santa ana wind purpose inform include specific details wind origin effects write fairly formal language santa ana hot dry persistent wind blows periodically southern california makes behave strangely wind comes santa ana mountains passes santa ana canyon descends coastal plain similar dry hot winds called foehns santa ana makes feel nauseated jumpy blamed drastic personality headaches allergies depression santa ana blows los teachers try teach say students concentrate schoolwork scientists speculate santa ana malevolent winds carries unusual excess positive electrical charges ions disturb purpose writing relate series events tell story formal language choose amusing events saturday afternoon santa ana blowing days brother decided delayed chores cutting overgrown grass trimming hedges
paragraph group closely related sentences present main idea paragraph complete part longer composition chapter review structure paragraph learn apply stages writing process developing paragraph form paragraph series sentences presents develops main idea main idea paragraph stated single sentence sentences paragraph present details develop support idea paragraph writer states main idea sentence develops idea presenting specific examples manhattan larger supermarkets stock marvelous variety truly healthful foods produce counters laden unusual fruits vegetables shoppers find oriental produce stands food emporium vibrant yellow peppers netherlands american red peppers sweet melons israel bright orange persimmons kiwis celery root fennel red white sunchokes known jerusalem artichokes kirby cucumbers plum tomatoes hydroponically grown tomatoes season asparagus kind choice propels cook store kitchen topic sentence states main idea paragraph paragraphs marian burros main idea stated directly topic sentence sentence controls entire paragraph limits topic restricts content sentences topic sentence sentence position tells reader immediately aspect topic writer discuss reminds writer point
definition precise explanation meaning word phrase effective definition identifies general class object idea belongs shows members class dictionary definition word robin north american songbird general class rust red breast gray black upper plumage distinguishing characteristics extensive definition list additional characteristics distinguish robin north american songbirds paragraph extended definition tundra tundra flat treeless area north coniferous forest arctic ocean snow covered months surface soil thaws vegetation limited mosses lichens small trees shrubs brilliant polar flowers bloom short tundra populated chiefly birds rodents carnivores herds reindeer human inhabitants live nomadic existence hunting fishing coal oil minerals recently discovered beneath parts tundra stage method define abstract term happiness love paragraphs quoting psychologist definition love dr sternberg begins identifying qualities types love common ends citing examples qualities distinguish kinds love basic core love loving relationship lover child according dr sternberg
ali physicians blows boxer head possibly responsible neurologic problems diagnosis final autopsy words punch drunk deny ali problem ali told reporters punches possibility brain damage possibility head injury caused ali deterioration reason start public discussion banning boxing public sport unlike cars planes bathtubs boxing purpose inflict brain damage opponent unconscious unlike sports head injury occur accidentally head injury knockout point boxing coincident ali hospitalization science magazine published full issue articles studies brain rapidly growing neurosciences specialists neuroanatomy neurobiology neurochemistry neuropharmacology molecular bioligy genetics integrating research generating exciting mass information brain grows works thinks directs owner science complex nonscientists reports beginning give understanding fantastically complicated incredible organ directs rest body systems makes capable creating music art books civil rights skyscrapers planes computers dreams concern simplistic comparisons brain telephone switchboard relaying messages muscles nerves computer input output functions complicated understandings scientists reporting brain billion nerve cells
plotting short story play means planning action beginning end plot begins introducing characters setting conflict continues chronologically sequence rising actions leads climax point conflict intense ends outcome conflict resolution note plot developed excerpt bullet mackinlay kantor jameson thought saw stirring burnt sullenness desert face thought saw quiver furious slopes brown red opened dry cracked mouth mouth open opened wider tried say weakly posse wasn posse jameson thought glad posse smoking reckoned lived saw days expected quiver blue twisting dividing brown jameson turned head felt vast round hot flame sky searing eyeballs managed lift hand scant shade granted swollen fingers tried find buzzards couldn find buzzards lived dry pan desertion live jameson poco twisted upper part body sighed poco head lay burning shale feet jameson stirred horse moved neck agony movement hundred times repeated jameson wanted ask horse
scene kitchen farmhouse john wright gloomy kitchen abandoned put order walls covered faded wallpaper door leads parlor wall door built kitchen cupboard shelves upper portion drawers rear wall steps door opening stairs leading floor rear wall door leads shed doors fashioned black iron stove running wall left shed door iron sink sink shelf set hand pump uncurtained window window wooden rocker center room unpainted wooden kitchen table straight chairs side small chair parlor door unwashed pans sink loaf bread breadbox dish towel table signs incomplete rear shed door opens sheriff comes county attorney hale neighboring farmer sheriff hale middle county attorney young bundled stove women sheriff wife mrs peters slight wiry woman thin nervous face mrs hale larger ordinarily called comfortable looking disturbed looks fearfully enters women slowly stand close door
prepare write find subject limit manageable size gather details illustrate topic support opinion start writing consider diction kind diction depends factors lifetime write audiences high school write chiefly teachers write letters personal friends write school newspaper someday write personal statement college wish attend adult address kinds audiences consider diction audience definitions follow prepared distinct audiences diction adjusted definition dictionary children dictionary adults notice definition children dictionary fewer words details replaces verb transmit simpler synonym pass discussing friends colloquial diction slang exclaim book brained marjorie wouldn marry ned report teacher formal language want meaning clearer order plot suspenseful hold interest thought writer effective job creating believable characters cared intensely marjorie marry ned
complete assignments write paragraph purpose convince reader accept point view topic news today words connotations load composition favor opinion write paragraph purpose describe precisely scene animal object person choose window clothes wearing book holding food cooking stove words help bring subject reader calling senses sight sound smell taste feeling write paragraph purpose explain accurately layout room bedroom kitchen coffee shop garage remember purpose reader experience room purpose reader understand layout room enter room blindfolded exactly tone refers attitude subject audience tone adjective formal informal lighthearted critical bitter condescending mocking sympathetic admiring romantic ironic emotional disgusted loving read detect tone diction writer chooses tone writing controlled diction want convey informal tone informal diction possibly colloquialisms english majors encouraged hate chemistry physics proud dull creepy humorless war oriented engineers quad
noah webster american lexicographer gave dictionaries concerned definitons pronunciations rudiments english grammar publised wrote english grammar art speaking writing english language correctly according rules general practice rules language found language order speak write according rules learn rules order discuss rules workings language general learn standard terms noun predicate mechanic standard terms refer workings car list italicized words sentences numbering numbered test study word sentence write part speech thursday april remembered history baseball riverfront stadium cincinnati henry aaron atlanta braves tied babe ruth unbroken record home runs major league baseball career aaron forty bat baseball season inning hit pitch sailed solidly left center field traveled hundred feet zooming neatly twelve foot fence driving runs baseball season braves rooters cried bravo packed stands spectators rose feet
peculiarly american vocabulary subject aroused remarkable amount comment prejudiced ill informed foolish comparative judgments dangerous appears american contrasted british english active creation words senses creations perfectly sober terms excite attention pass pretty unnoticed examples caption words beneath picture cartoon schedule plan working action timetable pocketbook purse excelsior fine wood shavings packing material headlight light front vehicle chicken wire wire mesh form enclosure chickens belittle picturesque slang uninhibited creations street commerce society move quickly pages popular newspapers magazines general usage kind americanism noticed casual critic concludes american vocabulary composed chiefly words rip photostat brunch true interesting vigorous distinctive element american english conclude americanisms special developments words existed british english american english broadened generalized earlier sense british english laundry referred place washing american english term generalized include articles washed laundry laundry british english pie originally referred type pastry filled meat american english refers filled fruit flavored sweet
dialects bad incorrect english simply natural healthy varieties english reflecting differences environment language learned natural person say person say shouldn construction considered acceptable english place learned familiar expression english employer ask applicant speak english hear person english meant remarks english important ways departure call standard english school students encouraged learn english standard english standard dialect standard english language form mass communication language newspapers magazines books journals professionally newscasters disc jockeys actors television personalities standard english spoken written language business medical technological fields politics language conveys listener ideas expressing implies inaccurately extent general education general sophistication authorities modern problems urban renewal familiar occasionally nonstandard dialects television reporters interview authorities reporters likely nonstandard english air competence educational backgrounds questioned viewers
learned tenses avoiding errors verbs speaking writing knowing tenses enable avoid errors special problems writer needs solve problems discussed section verbs compound complex sentence follow principle sequence tense sentence gun sounded swimmers dive water incorrect writer needlessly switched past tense clause present tense clause entire sentence written present past tense gun sounded swimmers dived water gun sounds swimmers dive water difficult handle sentences tense deliberately correctly changed change study examples meanings tense convey meanings think high average present tenses agree think high average change verb past tense implies longer high average lia lived park past tenses agree lia live park change live implies lia live park statement relation tenses examples simple clear constructions combinations require special attention study examples follow
reading vocabulary listening vocabulary understanding called comprehension vocabulary sentence voracious eater means huge appetite sentence ill prepared feeble effort speech travesty speech means attempt inferior imitation speech words part comprehension vocabulary part vocabulary consists words speaking writing authority estimated high school graduate vocabulary words understand words speaking writing children learn words listening parents older brothers sisters friends teachers today television introduces children special words science politics music art print aware acquiring words ear ways increase comprehension vocabulary alert attentive listener frequently sense conversation give idea meaning words hear learning words called getting meaning context addition listening reading rich source words issue daily newspaper magazine book read words written context heard context help idea meaning word exact meaning substitute dictionary
writing concepts topics content area subject science earth science biology chemistry physics help understand course material explore topics illustrate concepts science forms writing keeping journal record reactions course content activities enable explore thoughts course material journal record progress class source information writing journal record phase experiment conducting journal entries include specific procedures follow results observe discuss reactions phase experiment specific procedures successful results anticipated journal entries provide information laboratory report experiment addition discussing scientific experiments journal record field studies class demonstrations course activities journal explore scientific topics concepts science class covers teacher ask write entry concepts explain process oxidation discuss einstein theory relativity significant scientific breakthrough discuss practical applications newton laws motion daily explain photosynthesis occur absence light writing concepts topics organize thoughts discover areas understanding strong weak
write interview address admissions officer find person listed college catalog guidance counselor give write letter form business correspondence reread letter mailing correct mistakes letter represents ability express clearly ask guidance counselor forward transcript school record college advance interview school unable forward official transcript ask unofficial transcript report cards allow half visit dress neatly appropriately applying job interview friendly purposeful conversation admissions officer wants determine qualified admission hand want learn college suits needs interests course nervous admissions officer skilled meeting young put ease admissions officer open interview small talk trip officer ask college ask questions prepared advance understand reply request clarification conversation businesslike informal unhurried obtained information want interviewer ask questions questions listed page answers honest complete follow visit write note thanks members admissions staff interviewed extended courtesies
identify writer purpose paragraph david gordon ballet field chair mountain ordinary folding chairs unique dancers enter stage carrying chairs section chair part ballet chair dancer partner giving support balances dancers move unison series graceful intricate movements romantic duet lead male female dancers chair central movements finally troupe dances pairs pair chair graceful innovative humorous movements danced nineteenth century piano concerto irish composer john field analysis critical thinking skill ways writing break smaller parts determine parts related prewriting examining separate elements paper effects analyze purpose affects content writing words consider differences paragraphs danger ultraviolet light paragraph explains tells story explanation includes scientific facts fairly formal language narration includes interesting details formal language natural sunlight artificial sources illumination host visual difficulties ultraviolet light sun lamps cataracts retinal damage winter amount ultraviolet radiation reaching earth surface greatly reduced skiers skaters exposed intense direct reflected light suffer harm dr morris waxler food drug administration says wear sunglasses filter ultraviolet light exposure midday sun strong sources
comparison shows topics alike contrast shows patterns organization types writing facts incidents sensory concrete details examples point similarities differences topics paragraph comparison contrast arranged according block method ideas topic presented ideas topic paragraph block method travel regions buildings earlier times notice differences north south north roofs steep shed snow windows small cold building materials easily worked soft woods provided abundant nearby forests ceilings low conserve heat chimneys numerous large doors windows arranged baffle chilling drafts hearth focus dwelling move south roofs flatten windows grow larger ceilings rise houses steamy james river virginia high ceilings hall permit easy cooling rooms tropics woods harder vulnerable dampness insects roofs flatter rainfall torrential case steepen celebes patio replaces hearth walls adobe stone thicker order preserve coolness windows small deeply recessed hot sun penetrating interiors
analogy extended comparison draws parallels basically dissimilar topics explores nature unfamiliar topic relating familiar topic paragraph eudora welty discusses points correspondence fiction family trips childhood think looking summer trips number later car train element influencing mind trips wholes stories form taking direction movement development change changed trip revelation found words passage look bringing news discoveries premonitions promises begin write short story shape formed stood waiting mind surprising attempt entered mysterious mississippi delta child riding train warm windowsill endless fields glowed hearth firelight laura looking leaning elbows head hands felt land feels slow hard pounding breast effective analogy evident strained effective elaborate points correspondence try draw parallels exist
chapter study forms persuasive writing letter editor persuasive comparison forms develop sound argument form letter requires concise longer composition form space supporting evidence letter editor essay appears editorial page newspaper magazine audience letter editor readers newspaper magazine persuasive composition paragraphs introduction paragraphs body conclusion longer persuasive compositions written specific audience school letter composition important identify audience consider familiar readers topic need important terms defined current situation history problem consider biases opinions ideas topic prepare argument essay selecting jury members directed lawyers persons accused crimes lawyers want process jury selection persons accused crimes want change process juries reflect population community audience bias opinion provide additional evidence convince audience agrees wholeheartedly views choose challenging topic likelihood disagreement
begin planning story play gathered information kinds imaginative writing inventing creating information gathering typical information gathering techniques brainstorming clustering consulting journal questioning understanding action characters setting conflict story play information ready develop plan outline plot series actions builds climax conflict resolved basic plan story play beginning middle end study excerpts story hector hugh munro crafted parts outline shows plan developed story lady carlotta stepped platform small wayside station took turn uninteresting length kill till train pleased proceed roadway saw horse struggling ample load carter sort bear sullen hatred animal helps earn living lady carlotta promptly betook roadway put complexion struggle acquaintances wont give plentiful admonition undesirability interfering behalf distressed animal interference business
faint rending noise tires loose frozen earth barn ramp resistance car weight diminished sluggishly gliding downhill hopped doors slammed car picked speed gravel road turned dipped sharply barn stones crackled slowly breaking ice tires dignified acceleration car swallowed steepest part incline father let clutch chassis jerked motor coughed caught caught aloft winging pink straightaway pale green meadow fallow flat field road travelled center mane weeds father grim lips half relaxed poured shivering gasoline hungry motor stalled luck level coasting pushed choke halfway motor purred higher key clear margins sheet frost windshield forward approaching edge land meadow ended land lifted gallant black hood sailed sharp rise road gulped stones spat generate interest concern fictional characters interesting believable engaged conflict main character protagonist opposed character antagonist secondary characters included developing characters short story play remember believable characters consistent behavior show logical reason motivation change behavior
cliche expression overused dull nearly meaningless term comes french word plate printing plate hundreds thousands impressions course exactly alike sense cliches expressions lacking originality thousands cliches english language figures speech metaphors similes personifications hyperboles exaggerations special effect expressions considered original forceful amusing overuse dulled effect cliches based figurative language say flies handle original describing erratic temper person temper lose control uproar axe head disturbance comes loose flies handle tool swung say missed boat original describing person missed rewarding event opportunity person actually missed boat deprived cruise cliches naturally thinking point offer handy ready comparisons expressions help avoid original fact cliches handy difficult find fresh terms replace try nonetheless interview cliche expert mocks overuse cliches read answer questions follow
write paragraph describing theroux tree change diction tone paragraph describe tree words beautiful mysterious disgusting change detail wish worry scientifically accurate wanted suggest tone nostalgia choose words suggest fondness things past eudora welty passage describing store remembers childhood notice sensory diction theroux words evoke pleasant sensations running sun met total obscurity inside tangible smells licorice recently sucked child cheek dill pickle brine leaked paper sack fresh trail wooden floor ammonia loaded ice hoisted wet croker sacks slammed icebox sweet butter door smell mice motes cracker dust cornmeal dust gold dust gold dust twins floor swept realities emerged shelves climbed high reach set thing lot things lard molasses vinegar starch matches kerosene octagon soap worth octagon shaped coupons cut saved brought signet ring addressed mail postman arrived door blew whistle remember eye traveled cans sardines ice cream salt harmonicas flypaper head batting thread beneath blades ceiling fan stuck testimonial catch
efforts write impressively high school students produce writing artificial flowery cumbersome absurd style results mistaken notion big words unusual words figures speech matter commonplace literary mistake kind trying hard sound writer resulting style overwritten avoid kind overwriting exhibited paragraphs fog slowly crept covered metropolis sinister cloak impressive quietude entire heavy rain drenched surrounding municipality forming puddles thoroughfairs reflected shimmering images gleaming street lights illumination emanating multitudes office windows stood magnificent span arched swirling waters mournful warnings anchored ships pierced dense fog constant beat harbor bell buoys gentle lapping murky water piling bridge combined permeate night air mystic tenseness late ceasing rumble activity nearby city apprehended penetrating night air heavy moisture soft puff breeze salt sea detected war ii representative maury maverick texas impatient overwritten style government writing branded gobbledygook gobbledygook troubled maverick illumination required extinguished vacating premises effective turn lights leave
events norman conquest king royal english line alfred died leaving powerful claimants throne law task naming successor fell english council council chose reins pretty grasp harold godwinson powerful late king officers claimants accept choice gracefully harold soon defeat forces claimant harald king norway rebuild strength claimant arrived france superior force william duke normandy coastal area english channel harold william met town hastings october harold defeated killed throne england passed line foreign kings significant event development english language william decisions english king give england high offices estates followers native english governing classes replaced short period language french french predominant language england upper classes spoken merchant classes begun change english slowly regaining place aristocrats fourteenth century english learning french schoolbooks english language literature law courts schools business
verbs cases process shifting class past tense past participle shifting developed double forms past participle changed cases double forms participle developed meanings verbal adjective look words dictionary full treatment principal parts determine exactly development past tense past participle forms undergone seen complete loss grammatical endings middle early modern english important effect english grammar noted earlier english languages european family showed relationship words sentence primarily means elaborate set inflectional endings endings lost language rely means showing relationship sentence parts adjective noun subject verb verb object means developed course modern english subject primarily verb nouns began identified frequently endings noun marking signaling words preceded prepositions increased importance took task signaling relationships shown cases nouns result complete disappearance english grammatical gender gender depended endings nouns masculine feminine neuter forms accompanying adjectives demonstratives
informal english language language magazines newspapers books talks intended general audiences conventions informal english rigid formal english sentences short likely sound conversation stately rhythms formal english contractions informal english slang expression written informal english general littlefield picked company regiment tried mixed putting movement fast execute squads squads left squads line squads squads left front line minutes hundred marching direction marching angle forty degrees company halt shouted general littlefield corporal achievement general littlefield summoned office swatting flies silent silent don think remembered didn want admit swatted flies keeping eyes narrowly let swatter button coat snapped looking meant looking fly stood fly rest paper front general began rubbing hind legs
general english words kinds analyzed smaller parts unworkable impolitely stone money winter words kind divided parts called prefixes roots suffixes parts broad general meanings remain essentially words knowing word analysis help figure meaning unfamiliar word difficulties unwise depend entirely word analysis clues meaning easy tell group letters prefix suffix appears er painter suffix er winter origin word original force combination word parts longer modern meaning word reasons absolute dependence word analysis lead bad guesses reasons general knowledge english words formed word analysis helps understand peculiarities english spelling connection related forms word knowing related forms enables learn words easily word analysis practice taking close look words reading pass quickly words noticing general shape words close examination called unfamiliar
lists later chapter prefixes roots grouped according language originated english latin latin french greek english anglo saxon earliest recorded form english language spoken words part earlier form language common words modern english home stone meat native english words irregular verbs english derive english speak swim drive ride sing shorter numerals ten pronouns english words traced european prehistoric language common ancestor greek latin english separate language speakers english acquainted latin chiefly contact christianity began borrow latin words things native word existed common words borrowed abbot altar candle temple fever lettuce latin words english french end english period french william conqueror invaded england defeated anglo saxons king harold hundred french language ruling classes england period thousands words english words related upper class pursuits baron attorney ermine luxury english continued borrow words french present result modern english vocabulary derives french
obvious reason word analysis finding meaning words change meanings change meaning called semantic change extremely common ways change comes word general meaning comes specific meaning word starve meant die later took special meaning die lack food english crawling creature including dragon beowulf called worm word mean earthworms words meanings opposite specific general originally barn meant storage place barley lord meant loaf guard bread keeper word acquires meaning lose meaning worm starve lord situation takes place word detached root meaning retains original root form jure adjure related jury originally swearing legal sense word means entreat meaning connection root lost meanings retained works word ten meanings meanings close original meanings word elements vary considerably word aegis meant originally shield breastplate especially goddess athena mean protection patronage sponsorship depending context mean things modern english
grown baby learn things learned talk learned walk things helped learn things learned learned share learned help learned care started school children start school august children start school september friends school play things school learning things learning count learning write learning read things learning school help help school help school principal helps principal leader school teacher leads class need help ask teacher boxes alike box box boxes houses alike look things ways things alike ways games fun alike things look alike ways ways look things alike call
look picture answer questions bookcase desk left flag wastebasket front desk desk bookcase chalkboard chalkboard books top shelf bookcase bottom shelf desk teacher wastebasket door bookcase teacher friends school alike things hands hands alike read eyes eyes alike smile mouths mouths alike mouth learn home learn school helps special things alike things look picture answer questions car left house house girl girl front house kite boy dog boy girl families large families smaller families need place live families live kinds homes families give food families food
picture schoolyard picture looks schoolyard find picture things look drawing schoolyard page picture drawing picture page alike map schoolyard map picture real place find picture map colors shapes help read map maps show small large places map united states america mexico canada map shows atlantic ocean pacific ocean colors help shape country countries colors show united states meets canada united states meets mexico colors show land water color water map colors land maps help learn find maps book belong groups groups groups belong groups group friends family group special things family part group
belong groups short part group weeks part group fun group learn things groups children home school job easier helps group works job worked group groups belonged neighbors live neighbors live door neighbors live street neighborhoods places live neighborhoods places groups meet neighborhoods busy places working shopping neighborhoods places fun fun neighborhoods special buildings neighborhoods need safe police station fire station neighborhoods schools neighborhoods post office special buildings neighborhood neighborhoods library neighborhood libraries books books real things happened books believe places librarian help find looking librarian checks books neighborhoods change pictures neighborhood picture ago picture neighborhood change things neighborhood change buildings fixed torn neighborhoods grow larger homes stores schools built
pictures left show john hiers john likes read dog walks things john john enjoys group activities group share needs interests special group john belongs family john family share things john belongs groups plays soccer team sings choir members groups share interest john enjoys going downtown downtown place shop john likes spend downtown makes feel part community community place live community includes family house neighborhood school play community country united states america large community members larger community called citizens book citizens communities kinds communities study citizens live communities learn means citizen read things citizens communities books special tools need care books clean mark books open close books carefully tear pages open textbook contents front book table contents shows parts book order book unit book tells large subject
main directions north south east west directions tell answer question helpful look globe globe model earth look picture globe page find directions globe north pole place start north earth compass rose pointing pointing north pole place finger middle picture globe move finger north pole finger moving north moving direction compass rose pointing move finger south pole south pole south earth finger moving south pole moving direction south find north pole south pole globe maps show poles map compass rose shows direction north south poles look globe halfway north pole south pole find line called equator equator believe line found real earth globes divides globe northern half southern half place finger area land marked north america north south equator find south america south america north equator south equator
order live need food eat food makes strong play hard need clothes wear need sweaters heavy clothes stay warm cold days need light weight clothes hot days need shelters live shelters homes stores buildings shelters protect safe weather shelters rain snow warm hot weather shelters protect sun need love safety food clothing shelter love safety needs needs things live working communities help meet needs communities alike think busy meet needs grow vegetables raise animals meat eggs milk turn faucet water dig river lake water build house remember able store buy nails boards nails boards clothing cloth sew community grow food sell food clothes sell build houses materials houses jobs
resources things resources include crops animals include trees land show resources resource maps resource maps show find resources show factories factories big buildings resources things factories resources goods looking resource maps book look resource map kansas find topeka map capital kansas symbols city building look map key map key shows building symbol factories lot factories topeka symbol topeka picture cow map key shows cow stands dairy farms topeka farmers milk cows dairy farms symbol map stands cattle cattle cows bulls steers raise animals meat meat eat comes cattle raised country look map key animal raised kansas lot food eat comes kansas look resource map wheat corn important crops grown kansas large farms kansas grow crops resource maps book states share borders reading show small map country color
goods tomatoes canning factory cannery tomatoes boiled canned tomatoes ketchup tomato soup tomato juice tomatoes canned bottled reasons important reason food longer fresh vegetables fruit weeks harvest enjoy healthful foods cans bottles garcias tomatoes perfect making tomato paste tomato paste thick rich sauce cooks tomato paste top pizza spaghetti sauce cannery garcias tomatoes put bin workers sort tomatoes bin tomatoes tomato paste chopped machine tomatoes cooked cooking tomatoes helps sure harmful germs enter food germs sick seeds peels tomatoes left called pulp pulp goes machine takes water machine cooks pulp thick paste pulp tomato paste cooled tomato paste put small cans cans closed cooked cooled machines close seal cans tightly air germs grow air cans labels put cans later trucks bring stores
coal oil natural resources burn energy energy makes televisions record players lights air conditioners energy heat homes takes lot energy run cars heat water community coal oil nearby communities energy careful waste energy ways save energy open refrigerator door need takes energy refrigerators cold cold put sweater turn heat sure windows doors closed warm air inside close curtains shades night weather cold help heat house cold sunny days open curtains shades warm sun shine windows air conditioners cool air turn close shades curtains hot sunlight turn lights leave room leave radio tv record player listening watching walk ride bike bus going car save gasoline things save resources save water taking short showers turning dripping faucets schools communities save newspapers cans bottles collected recycling centers recycle means companies recycled things paper cans bottles recycling things saves resources
seattle largest city washington washington west coast country coast land ocean washington pacific ocean seattle land beautiful mild wet climate keeps trees fields green seattle port city seattle located natural harbor puget sound puget sound part pacific ocean seattle sits olympic mountains cascade mountains places fun seattle space needle top tall tower turns slowly wheel eat lunch watch changing view later pike place market find outdoor sidewalk shops buy fresh things flowers fish fruit live seattle love water nice weekend thousands boats lake washington east seattle august big celebration called seafair join fun goods shipped seattle country japan goods alaska seattle location pacific ocean makes ships seattle carry cargo containers seattle country busiest container ports passenger ships huge ferryboats dock seattle ferryboats boats carry cars ferryboats seattle islands puget sound ports british columbia canada
suppose buy ten dollars trading ten dollars ten dollars things buy goods goods things food clothing roller skates washing machines goods things touch buy services services include piano lessons car repairs haircuts checkup doctor services jobs pay earn money buy goods services money called income income meet needs wants needs things order stay alive food clothing shelter needs wants things pets bicycles vacations wants think wants spend lot income needs try put save money money banks money set called savings savings case money person needs money unexpected happens savings college buy house money save spend needs wants decide want buy money tinker auto mechanic auto mechanic fixes cars makes sure run tinker service fixing cars makes income service tinker likes active
grow rules rules home school communities rules important rules community rules sure rules obeyed chapter shows communities carry rules members community say kinds rules want rules help riding bicycle stop red light stop run car person hurt count responsible responsible means rules communities obey rules rules country rules places community stop red light cross street light turns green obey rules helps community let look obey rules medium sized city california mary pang mother live santa rosa california santa rosa city northern california businesses santa rosa redwood forests nearby grow fields grapes area city mary mother shopping downtown santa rosa driving home store suddenly mrs pang stops car mary sees road blocked sign says detour detour mean mary asks means mother says
communities parks public gardens places enjoy nature open space especially important city live apartments houses gardens parks give place play community parks recreation department services recreation things enjoyment reading playing games listening music kinds recreation parks recreation departments care community swimming pools care baseball diamonds basketball tennis courts golf courses summer parks recreation department offers special programs children durham north carolina medium sized city north carolina eastern part country durham famous fine museum museum north carolina museum science school classes visit north carolina museum science let join class visit students greeted main building museum guide guide tells visitors things museum students room hear talk space program talk students things space program durham museum large space exhibit going durham museum students wildflower trail wildlife area small railroad computer classes classes protecting animal plant
communities provide kinds services give police fire protection build roads bridges run libraries schools hospitals communities provide parks services member community obey rules laws community services follow rules laws responsible citizen making easier jobs community set rules laws services rules read rules schools care school books equipment run halls talk asked classroom cafeteria eating area neat community parks swimming pools rules read think important park clean put litter special baskets provided play sports places signs say share tennis courts playground equipment run pool area rules reasons dangerous play baseball place small children play hurt rules fire safety home school think follow put matches hot stoves pipes screen front fireplace let papers rags pile gasoline paints paint thinner heat liquids catch fire easily
chapter communities begin grow change look closely community denver colorado look denver began grew changed history story past happened history communities histories communities began ago communities began reasons communities began water ago main ways travel boat goods shipped boat community water easy reach catch food rivers lakes oceans water crops fresh water rivers lakes later railroads built railroads places easy reach communities started railroads built trade centers trade centers places buy sell goods railroads carried goods communities began crossroads crossroads places main roads meet crossroads places railroads roads meet store built crossroad soon stayed crossroads going communities grew natural resources coal minerals towns sprang quickly places gold oil found earn money mining resources built communities today communities starting begin reasons communities began ago alaska communities growing oil found communities start businesses industries start highways
words say things morning eat breakfast noon eat lunch evening eat dinner night sleep tell exactly clocks divided hours morning sunrise noon afternoon goes noon sun starts set evening begins hours night comes night lasts sun rises call hours midnight noon means clock morning letters stand words mean noon call hours noon midnight letters stand words mean noon explain night say light dark night earth looks sun rises east sun travel sky evening set west sun move spaceship earth able night earth slowly rotates turns earth rotating takes earth hours spin completely call hours earth rotates places earth turn sun community turned sun night picture page shows earth rotates earth sphere ball light shine part
jun tan farming community eastern china jun tan natural resources needed farming rich soil plenty water climate farming land jun tan owned government recently families shared land farmed individual families rent farmland government rent paid giving government amount crop grown past farmers told crops grow plot plot piece land farmers give crops government farmers allowed grow crop choose rent paid sell left money buy tractors tools help grow food parts china farming hand tools hoes water buffaloes animals pull plows parts china machines tractors machines share farming jun tan jobs farmer carpenter farmer teacher bricklayer workers community goods need remember community merced california look pages remember jun tan merced farming communities ways live place caracas capital city venezuela venezuela north coast south america caracas began hundreds ago find buildings caracas
side poland biggest celebration easter families spend days getting ready holiday easter table covered food beautiful easter eggs making easter eggs art poland eggs presents israel happiest times pesach passover ago israel slaves egypt treated badly finally able leave egypt free israel celebrate passover days retell story slaves free families gather special meals seder meals christmas celebration mexico continues week days christmas posadas begin families neighbors gather act christmas story families posada night acted night christmas streets filled colorful christmas stalls called puestos sell toys rag dolls special foods candies things puestos homemade pinatas shapes colors pinatas filled candies broken open christmas eve celebrations place united states americans celebrate passover israel largest chinese celebrations takes place san francisco california parts country children break open pinatas christmas holidays read celebrations held
live answer question give address think ways say live place call home community towns cities suburbs farming areas communities live community part states country united states america read states book study regions country region area things common land water help region special look photograph showing scene precious planet earth depend land water study earth called geography kind land place important part geography water important need water drinking growing crops things find places geography book book discover places earth find change earth plant crops build homes change land affect earth water supply farms homes businesses learn geography find communities states regions countries alike read places depend find groups
imagine neighborhood houses streets signs say land flat hills mountains nearby shapes land called landforms live bodies water bodies water include rivers lakes oceans oceans salt water humans drink oceans provide fish seafood lakes rivers fresh water needs think weather live weather cold winter warm rain lot weather place called climate area natural resources word natural means found nature humans resource water forests soil resources natural resources help living area geography knew landforms bodies water climate resources natural features area book read natural features places find change natural features special tools help study geography regions country important tools geography globe globe model earth earth shape sphere ball globe sphere look drawing globe top page globes models earth
suppose want find american indians library libraries number books subject subject book look picture page books subject libraries books sections section fiction nonfiction reference books fiction books stories hawk brother story indian boy wishes fly hawk find book picture spine backbone book spine shows book title author letter letter letter author author suppose looking hawk shelves fiction books arranged alphabetical abc order authors names book book mary barton nonfiction books give facts real things indians americans nonfiction book describes indian groups lived look spine book shows book title author number nonfiction books arranged number order nonfiction books subject number number library books american indians reference books collections facts libraries encyclopedias dictionaries atlases reference section north american indians dictionary indian leaders
think skyscrapers think york city york tall buildings york forests cover half york york forests parks largest park adirondack forest preserve larger delaware inside park forests bears deer coyotes wildcats mark katz forest ranger york parks forest rangers important jobs protect forests wildlife look visit park forest rangers help parks safe enjoyable ranger katz worries fires high lookout tower watches smoke rangers planes watch fires rangers put fires large fires burn days destroying thousands trees animals mark katz forest rangers help park visitors show campers put tents answer questions clear trails hiking forest rangers sure campers obey park rules rangers help discover wonders nature ranger katz enjoys job likes clean air mountain park likes forest skyscrapers tall towering trees cut orange half view inside called cross section cross sections show insides things cross section shows view inside mountain
word table talk things table piece furniture book table contents table show information table shows number facts states names states left table row boxes row arizona row boxes table columns top column title tells kinds information table column tells names columns tell suppose want find nickname california look left side find row california california row colored orange look top table find column nicknames look column find orange row orange row golden california nickname golden arizona nickname table shows numbers table information arizona california nevada mexico names column column capital column population population number live place population nevada column tells area area amount land look row mexico area book almanac section table called facts states
largest plains region inside country region interior plains covers thousands square miles interior plains lie appalachian rocky mountains ten states interior plains region largest richest farmlands states flat land fertile soil sunny summers growing crops interior plains provide food meat country land region growing crops raising animals interior plains plains called central plains plains central plains start central ohio reach west middle kansas plains begin kansas nebraska north dakota south dakota end rocky mountains ago central plains called prairie seas tall grass flowers covered prairie grass died rotted part soil prairie soil fertile fertile soil rain central plains helped grass flowers grow tall waving prairie grass settlers farmed rich fertile soil planting wide fields corn central plains called corn belt map page shows wide area fourths corn comes corn belt corn grows country corn fact kind tall grass farmers central plains land corn crop feed corn hogs cattle chickens raise
large forests cover southeast forests lumber building homes oils making paint southeast important wood product pulp ground wood mixed water making paper paper comes forests america sunny weather interesting places draw millions tourists visitors favorite ocean resorts florida miami beach south carolina myrtle beach virginia beach virginia florida everglades kentucky mammoth cave national parks special natural beauty visitors explore history places jamestown williamsburg virginia williamsburg looks john kennedy space center walt disney florida popular tourists tourism selling goods services tourists southeast provide food shelter information entertainment visitors going read workers debby turner welcomes group students everglades national park today lead class trip park ranger turner park guide answers questions tells visitors things park ranger turner tells students exciting things lucky tiny tree frog tree frog suction cups feet cups let frog hang upside leaves ranger leads group trail trail freshwater slough winter slough marshy field tall dry grass lots rain slough wide river flows slowly grass moving south finally empties florida bay gulf mexico
early young left home massachusetts headed west ohio illinois indiana john chapman john traveled indian trails woods paddled rivers canoe night slept open hungry picked nuts berries pack john carried apple seeds saw place liked cleared brush planted apple seeds seeds grown apple trees john stayed sold young trees left trees settlers discover enjoy planted acres ha land called johnny appleseed johnny wore cooking pot hat coffee sack coat barefoot snow children loved hear johnny tell adventures parents liked johnny enjoyed hearing tales johnny enjoyed living wilderness believe harming living thing johnny sorry killed rattlesnake bitten johnny apple trees american legend johnny died stories told tall tales fact proved stories true today visit place set honor johnny appleseed fort wayne indiana
let believe car trip plains states starting point st louis missouri huge arch stands mississippi river st louis missouri arch tallest monument united states monument built remind past arch st louis form gateway entrance reminds st louis gateway west city pioneers passed west head west st louis fields corn oats soybeans stretch travel farther west crop flat fields wheat miles miles wheat north south east west land begins hilly rain snow falls herds beef cattle sheep car trip ends reach foothills rocky mountains traveled miles km passing farming ranching areas united states plains states lie interior plains interior plains divided central plains plains central plains corn tall grasses grow plains short grasses wheat grow missouri iowa plains states central plains rest plains states kansas nebraska south dakota north dakota lie plains land dry land raising beef cattle sheep
forty ninth alaska biggest smallest land alaska large texas alaska fewer alaska north think covered ice snow true parts alaska thousands glaciers found mountain valleys canyons true alaska vast forests rich farmland modern cities understand alaska land think parts south mountains coast mountains called alaska range high cliffs jut pacific ocean forming narrow channels channels called fjords alaska important resources found south thick pine forests cover mountains billions fish live coastal waters salmon important center alaska land flattens low rolling hills large rivers yukon river flow land north hill country brooks range huge range part rocky mountains northern part alaska arctic coastal plain plain lies arctic ocean arctic coastal plain tundra tundra flat treeless land stays frozen summer inches top thaws turns grassy swamp beneath tundra lies oil alaska valuable resource land alaska climate south north southern coast winter temperatures fairly mild mild temperatures caused japan current
thousands miles south alaska chain beautiful islands rises pacific hawaii fiftieth islands islands hawaii tops mountains rising ocean floor volcanoes formed mountains millions ago volcanoes inactive mauna loa kilauea erupt islands hawaii high peaks deep canyons lining island coasts miles sandy beaches places steep cliffs rise sea palm trees bright flowers grow hawaii hawaii main islands live islands small fresh water largest island called hawaii means big island hawaii temperatures warm hot winter summer seasons temperatures upper winds cool islands bring heavy rains parts islands mount waialeale island kauai wettest spot mountain inches cm rain hawaii mix backgrounds hawaiians lived islands known today polynesians islands pacific groups later hawaii asia china japan philippine islands americans coming hawaii hundred
salmon born mountain streams swim pacific live ocean months swim lay eggs streams born trip salmon leap waterfalls rapids caught fishing nets salmon reach goal spawn lay eggs quiet pools water weary trip salmon die soon eggs hatch begins chinook indians live northwest coast chinooks today farmers ranchers past indians fished gathered food forest farther north indian groups built villages rugged coast large boats logs carry search food caught fish hunted seals sea otters american settlers northwest started farms today crops grow mild climate heavy rains region northwest farms grow fruits nuts berries vegetables washington known apples oregon grows kinds berries frozen eaten fresh jams jellies northwest live big cities seattle largest city washington lies puget sound puget sound body water bay miles km seattle mount ranier highest mountains north america seattle began port shipping lumber today seattle stills ships large amounts wood products factories seattle build ships airplanes aluminum manufactured washington
northwest arabian peninsula small country israel entire southern half small country desert negev inches cm rain falls negev israelis slowly making negev place live built farms towns factories fertile farmland dry desert israelies history understand look negev ago days farming towns strung negev built towns known nabataeans learned collect rain fell desert built canals tanks save rain water irrigated small pieces land grew figs dates grapes raised cattle ago desert nomads attacked nabataeans nomads bedouins bedouins herders farmers nomads moved place place search grass water animals need farming nabataean towns died ways farming forgotten ago nomads lived negev nation israel formed citizens needing land farming looked negev knew desert farmland ago decided try farmland
israel farm land kinds settlements kind settlement called kibbutz kibbutz means group hebrew language israel shared kibbutz members land live build houses grow food kibbutz members teach school doctors nurses type settlement israel moshav unlike kibbutz family moshav owns part land government supplies helps farmers sell crops yotvata kibbutz negev began yotvata tents hottest driest parts negev eighty women started yotvata put pump draw water ground built houses cleared spaces sand rock fields negev challenge early settlers yotvata tried sorts crops dates tomatoes settlers built fences protect crops wind sand covered fields sheets plastic plastic water escaping hot desert air put pipes ground water roots plants yotvata brought part negev today yotvata change desert visit kibbutz surprising things fields flowers blooming dry land surprise grow flowers kibbutz members remove salt water
billion live today huge amounts natural resources natural resources needed future resources longer thing conserve save energy coal gas oil energy help save energy begins home cold winters try heat wear warm clothes turning heat night close window curtains heat inside house summer try air conditioner window curtains closed house stay cool easy save electricity turn lights need turn lights leave room turn television radio refrigerator close door car waste gas going car walk ride bike going trip bus train share rides friends going place recycling saves energy natural resources recycle means materials american towns cities recycling centers bring cans bottles newspapers recycling saves raw materials making things recycling saves energy takes energy turn cans bottles newspapers products start raw materials careful consumer save resources
book land heritage heritage includes ways thinking believing things read contributed nation heritage past study past called history history means learn heritage citizens nation history seeing connections important events events things happen occur show connections history put events proper place picture left shows connections places road picture history shows taking place picture shows past connected present study history scholars study past historians understand earlier times historians sources information study diaries written ago read descriptions past events look pictures newspapers photographs variety sources historians piece past book reading learned learn america past need basic knowledge geography geography study surface earth ways earth book learn geography united states book describe government united states government group carry laws live united states government democracy
nations natural resources united states natural resources things found nature trees water soil coal oil iron ore natural gas natural resources found united states united states leads amount minerals produced vast deposits coal finding sources oil land offshore mineral wealth varied minerals actually lack large amounts tin bauxite manganese bauxite ore aluminum manganese steel able buy minerals nations forests grasslands meet timber grazing needs forests cover nearly united states forest products produced lumber wood pulp wood pulp paper fourth land united states pastures grazing beef cattle valuable farm product united states leads crop production rich soil produces enormous crops farmer united states produce food country past lived rain grow crops today dry regions farming areas irrigation irrigation means bringing water farmland water irrigation comes rivers underground wells lakes recent lakes added map united states lakes formed building dams rivers
maps show shapes countries continents show surface land look drawing drawing shows cross section cross section shows land look sliced imagine slicing pear top bottom exposed part pear cross section cross section mountain range west high mountain range east lower mountain range valley landforms shown sample map top high mountain range heavily shaded area lightly shaded area eastern edge map lower mountain range valley lowest level shaded type map called relief map relief map shading show shape landforms relief map shows part northeastern united states find darkly shaded area western part map shading tells mountainous area mountains south adirondack mountains find mohawk river map runs west east mountain ranges land river lower mountainous lands north south find connecticut river map mountains flow states mountains according map find mountains maine seacoast relief map shows mountains map tell high mountains
suppose want find american indians write report learn start place library libraries main sections fiction nonfiction reference books fiction books tell stories stories based real events imaginary events enjoy reading fiction information subject nonfiction reference books nonfiction books give facts real real things nonfiction books organized shelves subject subject call number reference books collections facts reference book reference call number spine reference books library home find nonfiction book library call number call numbers information books found card catalog card catalog lists book library title author subject card carries call number book lists look title card title card lists call number upper left hand corner line lists title look author card differ title card subject card notice subject listed author title information subject need reference books commonly reference books encyclopedia encyclopedia articles subjects articles encyclopedia called entries arranged alphabetically
spanish gold glory god spanish conquered gold meant wealth power fame find gold indians rich overnight hernando cortes famous spanish explorers conquistador spanish word conqueror dreamed finding adventure gold chance led expedition conquer mexico east coast mexico cortes founded town veracruz called land exploring spain veracruz cortes started mountains tenochtitlan capital city aztecs aztec ruler montezuma montezuma ruled million belonged indian groups aztecs conquered cortes soldiers horses cannons guns cortes help indians unhappy aztec rule gave food spanish helped cortes fight aztecs greatest help cortes aztec legend legend story past true legend god named quetzalcoatl quetzalcoatl indian god wind light god wisdom knowledge cortes famous king named quetzalcoatl ruled light skin beard king left sailing east promised return montezuma believed cortes king quetzalcoatl presents gold cortes cortes journeying tenochtitlan montezuma asked cortes tenochtitlan hoping encourage cortes turn montezuma presents
king france wanted find northwest passage spain richest nation europe spain growing wealthier conquests mexico peru portugal powerful rich trade africa india france discover route asia chance gain wealth king france italian giovanni verrazano find northwest passage verrazano touched land coast present north carolina verrazano sailed northward finding harbors present york city later newport rhode island cape cod returning france northwest passage exist told king ten later jacques cartier tried find northwest passage france cartier voyages opened north america french cartier explored northern atlantic coast north america cartier returned north america hurons iroquois tribe told river road canada cartier sailed st lawrence river hoped st lawrence river lead china hopes disappeared rapids boat travel fast tumbling water rapids expedition forced turn cartier voyage canada able find northwest passage french fishermen knew thing saw english returned summer fish grand banks mouth st lawrence river
growing rice easy growing tobacco planter construct canals flood drain fields hurricane flooded river ruined canals crops workers needed backbreaking building canals planting rice harvesting south carolina planters depended slaves women waded black muck wet fields plant rice harvest children job scaring birds watery fields full mosquitoes bites carried germs disease malaria summers lowlands south carolina hot humid skies opened thunderstorms mosquitoes sand flies swarmed escape summers planters charleston charleston lived houses wide verandas catch ocean breezes summer months merry parties dances musical gatherings enjoyed summer gaiety charleston eliza lucas age charge plantations father owned plantations lived english colony west indies afraid war spain family south carolina safety eliza lucas busy letter friend library furnished spend part music garden fond rest employed business business running plantations wrote requires writing business fatigue sorts imagine
lines famous poem paul revere ride lexington henry wadsworth longfellow wrote poem ride paul revere famous daring ride famous silversmith revere learned silver pitchers bowls father father boston france find religious freedom young paul apprentice father paul revere learned quickly soon england finest silversmiths wealthy customers revere fashioned large silver punch bowls fancy serving dishes paul revere things everyday spoons dog collars baby rattles false teeth stamp act passed paul revere joined sons liberty served country writing speaking revere served messenger horses boston paul revere horse loved spend free hours galloping countryside horse revere carried messages boston committee correspondence towns amazing ride took place december rode philadelphia bring news boston tea party mile km round trip days making ride lexington april revere return boston british jailed continued act messenger sons liberty later served continental army paul revere known silversmith today partly longfellow poem famous rider liberty
imagine waiting bus discover forgotten homework run home miss bus makes happen happens called effect forgetting homework missing bus missing bus effect forgetting homework suppose kick ball high flies fence breaks window effect reading hint word meanings main meaning makes happen meaning goal struggle fighting freedom main meaning section full effects history past history full effects history books effects labeled sentences history book war attack fort effect attack war attack caused war sentences mean thing attack war war effect attack word clues help find effects word clues include result examples french indian war started french english wanted control ohio river valley result general braddock defeat indians began attacking frontier settlements british minutemen faced lexington fired shot sides started shooting
lucy applegate knew minute missouri teenager walked house sensed special happening father lindsay applegate kitchen uncle charles uncle jesse excited talking leaving missouri land oregon uncle jesse lanky lot talking going difficult farming missouri bacon prices dropped wheat cents bushel give corn uncle charles heard grass grew high eye oregon lucy heard dad complain missouri changed slave owners family slavery decision quickly families jesse charles lindsay applegate going west oregon trail lucy thrilled brothers cousins applegate families sold farms raise money trip money buy hundred head cattle rest money covered wagons brothers built wooden boxes wagons seasoned hardwoods box measured feet feet wide feet deep brothers built arched frames top wagon boxes support canvas covers blacksmith wheelmaker put wagons moving parts including wheels axles lucy father advertisement local newspaper
abraham lincoln face forget saw thoughtful face saw dignified face saw sad face wrote observer abraham lincoln named grandfather friend daniel boone grandfather lincoln boone kentucky wilderness young son tom fields indians attacked tom saw father killed tom grew married nancy hanks home small log cabin dirt floor abraham lincoln born lincoln family moved edge frontier indiana illinois frontier aplenty raised farm lincoln later wrote chopped trees split rails fences plowed planted harvested crops school lincoln borrowed books read read lunch break finishing evening chores young lincoln worked taking flatboats loaded cargo mississippi river store surveyor reading taught law age lawyer lincoln known honesty fairness humor known storyteller lincoln carrying home sons willie tad crying neighbor asked lincoln matter lincoln answered matter walnuts wants lincoln respect
shots fired fort sumter started war parts nation cotton states south left union form confederate states america going fight independence president abraham lincoln delcared states leave union union fight force seceding states union union finally won war primarily soldiers money guns food sides cost lives nation scars civil war remained battle fort sumter states joined confederacy virginia north carolina tennessee arkansas western counties virginia refused join confederate effort later west virginia slave states delaware maryland missouri kentucky stayed union states bordered free states slavery important part economy north south began preparations war boys eagerly joined regiments organized groups soldiers neighbors friends north foreign born organized regiments irish italians germans british regiments wore colorful uniforms red baggy trousers yellow sashes blue coats soldiers left homes riot enthusiasm cheers speeches rousing music fife drum bands washington cried young soldiers south richmond shouted north richmond virginia confederate capital stayed home formed committees help war effort
canadian lands waters border american states including alaska countries share longest undefended border miles km canada history culture linked united states americans canadians partners businesses including mining oil exploration finance international trade chapter learn canada geography history government canada neighbor north huge country largest nation earth soviet union larger canada slightly bigger china united states canada extends north pole south united states border stretches miles km pacific ocean atlantic ocean population canada million ninth united states canadians live southeastern canada miles km american border canada rich natural resources large areas fertile soil forests oil gas reserves mineral deposits canada largest industries advantage natural abundance leading industries include production vehicles farming wood products fishing mining canada greatest natural resource water half fresh water lies canada country lakes rest combined able count lakes canada natural regions canada appalachian highlands st lawrence river lowlands canadian shield interior plains western mountains arctic islands geography regions determines canadian fact past leader canada called nation regions
road map shows places shows place place road map shows part washington canada road maps large small show nation part city road maps grid letters numbers index index grid location listing look city map index grid numbers letters find city map bellingham listed letter number found square formed intersection column column road maps distance scale measure distances places scale map lower hand corner maps show actual number miles places places marked black wedges called distance markers look legend distance markers look vancouver bellevue map key information kinds roads shown map help plan quickest route place look map key tells expressways printed blue parts country expressways called freeways turnpikes travel expressways quick interrupted stoplights crossroad traffic color highways map highways main roads unlike expressways stoplights crossroads
farmer working cornfield western mexico noticed strange crack field crack arose hot smelly smoke farmer returned find mound volcanic lava smoke lava poured center mound lava piled height feet valley floor buried villages farms area broken tower church sticks lava volcano paricutin ancient volcano erupted el chiapas southern mexico eruptions el week gases el eruptions produced largest volcanic cloud northern hemisphere gas ashes volcano shot miles km sky rocks hailed surrounding countryside roofs crushed trees turned charcoal fields covered rock ash fertile valley turned wasteland thousands killed earthquakes volcanoes worst earthquakes occurred ring fire september terrible earthquake struck mexico mexico city nation capital killed buildings destroyed heavily damaged mexico natural regions natural features climate products regions gulf coast region mexico consisting lowlands thinly populated region stretches jungles yucatan peninsula mouth rio grande gulf coast climate warm northern part desert
read book find learned important role citizen country learn roles played citizens countries discover similarities differences find despite differences appearance language lifestyle basic needs food clothing shelter remain things contribute live history happened past affects beliefs customs ways things passed generation generation book read past present noting changed compare dress speak explore customs religious beliefs ways dressing speaking acting believing culture human group society culture unique book study cultures regions societies culture group created civilization word civilization basically means city society created cities created civilization build cities tools able move large pieces building materials word knowledge technology support city economy resources meet needs able buy sell trade need want book compare economic systems simple past complex today
sumerian society groups classes division took place valued gained greater wealth honors wealthiest class consisted nobles nobles included important priests relatives king nobles temples owned land commoners commoners merchants scribes farmers skilled workers skilled workers included carpenters potters brickmakers doctors boatmen smiths commoners inherit purchase land commoners wealthy buying land poor commoners owned farms houses gardens commoners skilled workers sold goods marketplace received payments goods grain pieces silver class ancient sumer clients worked nobles temple small plots land paid food wool fourth class sumer slaves slaves prisoners war slaves punishment parents sell children slavery person debt turn family slaves pay debt slaves buy freedom earn borrow money free slave commoner client family important classes father head family children raised strict guidance parents parents decided children marry laws sumer allowed women property start businesses act husbands
history ancient egypt divided parts kingdom middle kingdom kingdom kingdom known age pyramids awe inspiring monuments built kingdom age pyramids dates idea pyramid grew earlier brick tombs designed protect preserve body imhotep adviser pharaoh designed pyramid task imhotep person famous conqueror king puzzled egyptians built pyramids stones build pyramids weighed pounds kg history egyptians wheel levers lift stone blocks high top think pyramids built huge blocks stone cut cliffs wooden wedges stone hammers copper saws stones put wooden sleds sleds pulled nearby boats took stones building site sleds pulled ground pyramid builders built ramps mud brick pyramid pyramid grew higher ramps gangs workers pulled heavily loaded sleds ramps hard sounds clay ramps road wet sleds pulled easily experiment found person easily pull ton kg block stone wet path
makes seasons change sun rise moon rise night explain events ancient greeks told wrote stories called myths myths involved adventures god goddess myths passed generation generation word mouth writing developed poets wrote stories gods goddesses greek myths behaved humans special powers human jealousies loves hatreds greek myths gods goddesses argued members loving quarrelsome family wicked mischievous helpful gods goddesses live mount olympus northern greece zeus king gods ruled queen hera children including twins apollo god sun artemis goddess moon children aphrodite goddess love beauty ares god war greek myths tell athena goddess wisdom sprang armed fully grown zeus head zeus brothers poseidon ruled seas waters hades ruled underworld dead myths explained reasons tides happened death earth gods living mount olympus gods suffer lasting grief demeter goddess growing things seasons dionysus god grape wine god acted messenger gods goddesses mount olympus mortals earth
caesar roman republic end caesar followers enemies quarreled violently civil war war opposing groups citizens broke winners war proved strong bind roman lands led octavian caesar grandnephew adopted son caesar chosen octavian heir octavian period octavian defeated opposition rule head roman empire octavian ruled rome lands control took title augustus caesar augustus means respected death augustus worshipped god augustus emperor rome call emperor held offices existed roman republic held offices held controlled roman armies soldier swore loyalty augustus brought peace government rome carefully chose fill government jobs jobs trusted freedmen slaves household held merchants businesspeople augustus sure lands empire run experienced governors taxes fair augustus improvements rome found rome brick left marble buildings ordered built government offices public baths libraries building projects provided jobs city making rome beautiful augustus encouraged literature art rome finest literature written
middle tenth century raids fewer vikings developed interests vikings traders sailing constantinople russia contributed knowledge trade routes sailing met vikings explorers sailed north america christopher columbus vikings colonists setting farms towns countries attacked christians vikings germanic tribes part europe settled communities vikings enriched absorbed lands raided pope urban ii stared amazement crowd town square clermont france saw expected nobles armed warriors common women children gathered hear words pope urban spoke crowd city jerusalem christian shrines holy places middle east christians journeyed sacred sites jerusalem holy places hands muslim turks turks mountain slaves arabs began rebel soon managed capture entire arab empire including jerusalem holy city neglected ancient shrines prevented christians visting turks robbed killed christian visitors jerusalem urban freed turks christian empire byzantium needed help fighting unbelievers war holy god wills god wills thousands voices shouted
common questions asked children adults event result happened reason follows call relationship events effect action leads event effect event brought action suppose pouring glass milk knock glass milk spills floor explain puddle milk floor say knocking glass spilled milk effect identify effect remember happened effect happened examples effects pair tell effect ground wet rains lumberjacks saw tree trunk tree falls walnut cracks hit walnut hammer effect relationships easy recognize stated immediately effect assume effects follow order help find effects look word clues words phrases result brought clues signal effect notice word clues examples road closed needed repairs result bad weather game canceled marty won place speech contest compete statewide contest word clues effect relationships easy find
government ruled king queen monarchy word monarchy means rule king queen born power rules english monarchy england nearly ruled king queen elizabeth reigned england famous monarchs queen elizabeth rule parliament helped nation laws powerful members parliament nobles chosen queen english queen shared power parliament doubted ruled england queen eliazbeth england peace declare war reward friends punish enemies queen elizabeth unlimited power modern times monarchies britain countries political systems nations longer believe leaders born rule britain parliament lawmaking body prime minister chief leader britain continues monarchs longer rule attend ceremonies perform public duties queen elizabeth ii reigns britain today important symbol history glory dictators existed days ancient rome word dictator means orders kings queens dictator leader rules dictator born power dictator seizes control violent overthrow government powerful groups country support rule leader type government called dictatorship dicators force power rule unpopular
iron changed lives nok discovered secret iron pointed spears hunt effectively neighbors stone bronze weapons defend wild animals iron tools meant food clear land raise crops easily iron axes hoes africa early history populations grew large west africa soil savanna fertile provide food increasing numbers settle large permanent communities travel savanna easier groups cut lakes forests mountains spread lands noks iron spread west africa west africa rich resources drew outsiders elephants tusks valuable ivory roamed forestlands gold glittered riverbeds mined quantity earliest times traders west africa search valuable resources north africa middle east crossed sahara backs camels ships desert traders coming sahara west africa muslims muslim traders eager visit grasslands west africa called bilad sudan land blacks reason eagerness showed gave place land gold muslim traders saw forests river valleys southern part west africa gold saw areas learned mine crush gold bearing ore hand extract amazing amount valuable metal
gandhi choose profession ideas affected doctor thought doctor operate possibly harm cared older brothers suggested england study law returned india english clothes law degree gandhi shy court fellow lawyers rescued sending south africa business trip changed gandhi soon arrived south africa conductors threw train refusing ride separate colored section night gandhi spent shivering cold station gave purpose combine knowledge law wish help suffering gandhi set english suits began wear indian clothing show proud indian spoke groups indians south africa human rights urged change laws kep servants whites gandhi suffered greatly actions refused hate urge followers fight feelings race hatred ended violence believed india heard gandhi began call mahatma means holy teacher gandhi india leading groups opposed british especially poor took side untouchables bottom caste system gandhi began call harijans means children god
north china wall unlike wall twenty feet high foot towers winds miles km east west wide wagons pass opposite directions chinese emperor shi huangdi started wall workers build hoping end constant invasions northern nomads emperors improved wall reason protect china civilization outsiders wall marvels impressed italian visitor china marco polo europeans spend china amazed saw europe middle ages chinese brilliant organized empire chinese cities beijing bustled trade art polo learned chinese mail service riders horseback delivered letters wall chinese boats called junks carried goods miles km grand canal linked beijing hangzhou built earlier marco polo commented chinese inventions gunpowder compass marveled chinese paper money easier heavy metal coins europe chinese houses heated coal areas chinese coal heat bath water europeans bathed china emperor mongol named kublai khan held court palace filled gold jewels silks according polo building large dining room hold guests
modern newspapers number parts sections news sections stories local national international events editorial section articles give opinions news events editorial section letters readers classified ads list things job offerings houses sale rent lost found articles sections include entertainment travel food comics read article news article main kinds newspaper articles spirited campaign mayor ended narrow victory alice bradshaw night percent precincts reporting supervisor bradshaw total stood mayor rally lincoln hotel bradshaw promised citizens news article reports current events local areas nation news article tells facts event headline title article briefly tells happened headline byline writer headline dateline article originated sentence paragraph called lead states important facts article readers find important facts quickly headline story read fact lead sentence feature article entertains readers background information stories news features written report effects news events appeal readers emotions feature election discuss delays voting caused broken machines feature articles include facts written story news article
portuguese government demanded prince pedro home pedro refused knew brazilians eager break colonial ties drew sword shouted independence death joyful brazilians crowned pedro emperor contrast republics spanish america brazil gained independence peacefully portugal acknowledged empire fight pedro liked brazilians ways acting ruling portuguese frequently brazilian legislature brazilians finally decided pedro ties portugal close emperor realizing unpopular gave throne son named pedro pedro ii young pedro intelligent boy loved study emperor schoolteacher brazilians let control country pedro ii wise popular ruler chose find government included political views brought parts sprawling country closer setting telegraph lines building railroads beginning steamer service rivers encouraged business started brazil modern nation united states brazil chief trading partner emperor pedro strengthened ties important western hemisphere nations visited united states centennial exposition philadelphia fascinated inventions saw especially alexander graham bell telephone emperor pedro troubled deeply problem slavery
place cold arctic forbidding place live winter tundra november february sun shines temperature artic circle sinks arctic million square miles million square km snow ice ocean full full possibilities groups live arctic inuits eskimos live alaska greenland labrador canadian arctic group natives arctic laplanders called reindeer live arctic found clever ways survive harsh environment home thousand arctic home kinds plant animal frozen region produces diatoms plankton extremely small growing plants animals food krill tiny lobsterlike creature krill turn food kinds fish birds seals walruses whales arctic land fierce polar bear favorite food seal animals adapted arctic tundra huge caribou musk oxen small arctic foxes lemmings ptarmigan seagulls snow owls snow geese coats birds mammals turn white winter blend snow hide preying enemies explored arctic hunt valuable skins animals explored arctic plentiful mineral deposits
french canadians minority parts canada quebec majority quebec speak french street signs montreal cities quebec printed english french times canada history quebec disagreed british dominated part country opinions quebec large powerful province rich industry natural resources canada needs quebec feel quebec rest canada want quebec withdraw canadian union separate country quebec want canadian government let feel strongly rights culture respected tension canada main cultures greatest problems facing country today canadian government trying strengthen canada solve problems face important thing gain control constitution governs canada unlike nations canada constitution british north america act set rules governing country major amendments act approved british parliament canada governing ways tied britain canadian prime minister pierre trudeau met premiers government leaders ten provinces write charter rights freedoms add british north america act premiers representing interests provinces wanted things
chemistry popular dictionary definition chemistry science composition structure properties reactions matter especially atomic molecular systems simpler dictionary definition chemistry science dealing composition substances transformations undergo definitions entirely adequate chemistry closely related science physics fundamental branch science chemistry closely related biology living organisms material substances essentially complicated system interrelated chemical processes scope chemistry implied definitions quoted extremely broad includes universe animate inanimate found universe chemistry concerned composition composition matter energy energy matter chemistry seek learn understand general principles govern behavior matter chemist scientists observes nature attempts unlock secrets makes rose red sugar sweet water wet carbon monoxide poisonous wither age problems solved solved part call chemistry chemist interpret natural phenomena devise experiments reveal composition structure complex substances study methods improving natural processes synthesize substances unknown nature ultimately efforts successful chemists advance frontiers knowledge contribute humanity chemistry helps understand nature need professional chemist scientist enjoy natural phenomena
recognize substances substance set properties characteristic substance unique identity properties personality traits substances classified physical chemical physical properties inherennt characteristics substance determined altering composition substance physical existence common physical properties color taste odor matter solid liquid gas density melting point boiling point chemical properties describe ability substance form substances reaction substances decomposition select physical chemical properties chlorine physically chlorine gas times heavier air yellowish green color disagreeable odor chemically chlorine burn support combustion substances bleaching agent disinfectant water chlorinated substances refrigerants insecticides chlorine combines metal sodium forms salt sodium chloride properties help characterize identify chlorine substances recognized differentiated properties table lists substances tabulates common physical properties information common physical properties table readily handbooks chemistry physics scientists don pretend answers remember voluminous amounts data important look data literature handbooks widely resources scientific data matter undergo types physical chemical
prehistoric discovery fire warm shelters cook food modern discovery nuclear reactors produce vast amounts controlled energy progress directed ability harness produce energy energy capacity matter energy exists forms common forms mechanical chemical electrical heat nuclear radiant light energy matter potential kinetic energy potential energy stored energy energy object possesses relative position ball located feet ground potential energy located feet ground bounce higher allowed fall water backed dam represents potential energy converted form electrical energy gasoline represents source stored chemical potential energy gasoline burns oxygen heat released substances formed potential energy gasoline oxygen heat released loss potential energy gasoline kinetic energy energy matter possesses motion water dam released allowed flow potential energy changed kinetic energy drive generators produce electricity moving bodies possess kinetic energy pressure exerted confined gas due kinetic energy rapidly moving gas particles results moving vehicles collide kinetic energy expended crash occurs energy converted form form kinds energy converted forms easily efficiently
tendency hydrogen atoms form molecule strong molecule electron attracted positive nuclei attraction hydrogen molecule stable structure individual hydrogen atoms experimental evidence stability shown fact kcal needed break bonds hydrogen atoms mole hydrogen strength bond determined energy required break energy required break covalent bond known bond dissociation energy bond dissociation energies illustrate relative bond strengths substances considered gaseous form neutral atoms formula chlorine gas atoms chlorine combine form molecule electrons interact method shown preceding examples chlorine atom stable electrons outer shell electron transfers chlorine atom chlorine atom electrons remaining outer shell highly unstable actually happens chlorine atoms join unpaired electron orbital chlorine atom overlaps unpaired electron orbital atom resulting pair electrons mutually shared atoms atom furnishes pair shared electrons atom attains stable structure electrons sharing electron pair atom pairing electrons formation chlorine molecule illustrated figure
section saw covalent bond formed overlapping electron orbitals atoms atoms furnish electron pair shared covalent bonds formed single atom furnishing electrons shared atoms bond formed called coordinate covalent semipolar bond bond designated arrow pointing electron donor formed coordinate covalent bond properties covalent bond simply pair electrons shared atoms electron dot structures sulfurous sulfuric acids show coordinate covalent bond sulfur oxygen atoms bonded hydrogen atoms colored dots electrons sulfur atom open unbonded pair electrons sulfur atom sulfurous acid room oxygen atom electrons fit perfectly structure form sulfuric acid atoms electrons outer shell sulfur fit pattern coordinate covalent bond explains formation complex molecules polyatomic ion stable group atoms positive negative charge behaves single unit chemical reactions sodium sulfate sodium ions sulfate ion sulfate ion polyatomic ion composed sulfur atom oxygen atoms charge sulfur oxygen atoms total electrons outer shells sulfate ion outer shell electrons charge
ternary compounds elements consist electropositive group metal hydrogen polyatomic negative ion consider naming compounds elements oxygen general naming ternary compounds positive group negative ion rules naming positive groups identical naming binary compounds negative group elements oxygen metal nonmetal polyatomic negative ion add endings ite ate stem element oxygen called sulfate called sulfite note oxygen specifically included understood present endings ite ate suffixes ite ate represent oxidation states element oxygen polyatomic ion ite ending represents lower ate higher oxidation element oxidation carbonate ate ending examples ternary compounds names table inorganic ternary compounds hydrogen oxygen element called acids element hydrogen oxygen acids nonmetal cases metal ous ic system naming ternary acids suffixes ous ic oxidation states element hydrogen oxygen ous ending lower oxidation ic ending higher oxidation acids place ending ic ous stem element hydrogen oxygen add word acid
let consider facts supporting theory assumption based size atoms molecules established previous chapters assumptions based comparison volumes occupied equal masses solid liquid gaseous states substance fact gases continue expand completely fill size container assumption gases constant motion shown fact gases exert pressure expand larger containers diffuse property diffusion ability gases mix spontaneously supports assumption gas molecules attraction diffusion gases illustrated apparatus shown figure large flasks reddish brown bromine vapors dry air connected side tube stopcock flasks opened bromine air diffuse standing awhile flasks bromine air figure page shows gas exerts pressure parts container gauges located parts cylinder show pressure billions molecules present small mass gas safe assume collisions molecules collisions walls container assumption borne fact gases change temperature standing external excepted shows molecules suffer loss energy collisions molecule transfer energy molecule collision average total energy system remains
water common natural resource covers earth surface found oceans seas lakes rivers streams glacial ice deposits present atmosphere cloud formations earth water oceans saline water vast amounts dissolved minerals fresh water comprises thirds locked polar ice caps glaciers remaining fresh water found ground water lakes atmosphere elements detected mineral content seawater chlorine sodium magnesium bromine commercially obtained sea water essential constituent living matter abundant compound human body making total body weight blood plasma water muscle tissue water red blood cells water water important food sense person survive longer food water water colorless odorless tasteless liquid melting point boiling point atm pressure additional physical properties matter introduced study water heat fusion heat vaporization heat fusion amount heat required change solid liquid melting point heat fusion water cal temperature solid liquid system change absorption heat
polluted water thought water unclear bad odor taste contained disease causing bacteria factors increased population industrial requirements water atmospheric pollution pesticides greatly modified problem water pollution newer pollutants removed destroyed usual water treatment processes organic compounds found drinking water major city mississippi river labeled slightly toxic moderately toxic toxic extremely toxic supertoxic known carcinogens cancer producing agents suspect metabolized carcinogens united states public health service classifies water pollutants broad categories shown table outbreaks disease poisoning typhoid dysentery cholera attributed directly drinking water rivers streams natural means municipalities dispose domestic industrial waste products water downstream discharged water source community farther downstream draws water discharges wastes waterways mississippi delaware rivers water withdrawn discharged times water properly treated harmful pollutants build causing epidemics diseases hazardous waste products unavoidable manufacture products everyday common dispose wastes place toxic waste dumps found disposing wastes manner toxic substances seeped ground water deposits result ill water wells closed satisfactory methods detoxifying water found
measurement control ph extremely important fields science technology proper soil ph grow types plants successfully ph foods acid diets biological processes delicately controlled ph systems ph human blood regulated close tolerances uptake release mineral ions ph blood ph unit result death compounds colors change ph values indicators acid base reactions phenolphthalein organic compound colorless acid solution pink ph solution sodium hydroxide added hydrochloric acid solution phenolphthalein change color colorless pink acid neutralized commerically ph test paper shown figure chemical indicators indicator paper takes colors wetted solutions ph ph solution estimated placing drop test paper comparing color test paper color chart calibrated ph values electronic ph meters type shown figure making rapid highly precise ph determinations reaction acid base form salt water known neutralization seen reaction light learned ions ionization let reexamine occurs neutralization consider reaction occurs solutions sodium hydroxide hydrochloric acid mixed
reaction occurs manner route proceeds known mechanism reaction mechanism shows path course atoms molecules arrive products aim study mechanisms show chemical reactions occur specific routes hydrogen iodine mixed room temperature observe appreciable reaction case reaction takes place result collision molecule room temperature collisions result reaction molecules sufficient energy react say energy barrierto reaction exists heat added kinetic energy molecules increases molecules sufficient energy collide intermediate known activated complex formed amount energy needed form activated complex known activation energy complex metastable form energy level higher reactants product decompose form reactants product steps constitute mechanism reaction collision molecule formation activated complex decomposition product hi steps formation hi shown figure figure illustrates energy relationships reaction reaction hydrogen chlorine proceeds mechanism mixed dark essentially product formed mixture exposed sunlight ultraviolet radiation reacts rapidly
accountants commonly employed main fields public accounting private accounting government public accountants individuals offer professional services employees public fee manner lawyer consulting engineer principal service offered public accountant auditing banks commonly require audit financial statements company applying sizable loan audit performed cpa employee audited concern independent professional person working fee companies securities offered sale public generally audit securities sold additional audits periodically securities continue traded purpose audit lend credibility company financial statements making audit auditor carefully examines company statements accounting records prepared examination auditor makes sure statements fairly reflect company financial position operating results prepared accordance generally accepted accounting principles records accordance principles banks investors rely information company financial statements making loans granting credit buying selling securities depend auditor verify dependability information statements addition auditing accountants commonly offer management advisory services accountant gains audit intimate knowledge audited company accounting procedures financial position excellent position offer constructive suggestions improving procedures strengthening position
trial balance balance error errors locate error errors check journalizing posting trial balance preparation steps reverse order check addition columns trial balance error addition check account balances correctly copied ledger recalculate account balances stage error errors found check posting original journalizing transactions error discovered journal ledger corrected error erased effort conceal method correction vary nature error stage accounting procedures discovered error discovered journal entry error posted corrected ruling single line incorrect amount account writing correct amount account likewise posted error error posting amount wrong corrected manner posted error involves wrong account considered correct error correcting journal entry journal entry record purchase office supplies posted obviously debit entry wrong account entry needed correct error debit entry correctly records purchase supplies credit cancels error entry
operating cycle business average period acquisition merchandise raw materials realization cash sale merchandise sale products manufactured raw materials concerns interval result concerns period classifying current assets due aging process concerns operating cycle longer distilleries age products products ready sale concerns inventories raw materials manufacturing supplies products processed sale classified current assets products inventories ready sale things prepaid insurance office supplies store supplies called prepaid expenses consumed classified current assets aicpa committee prepaid expenses current assets sense converted cash sense paid advance require current assets operating cycle means prepaid expense items owned current assets required purchase operating cycle prepaid expenses business total seldom major item balance sheet result listing individually illustration commonly totaled total shown caption prepaid expenses balance sheet classification term investments stocks bonds promissory notes held cycle classification
accounts receivable accounts payable account show owed creditor result secure information individual account creditor maintained creditor accounts commonly accounts payable ledger controlled accounts payable controlling account general ledger controlling account subsidiary ledger columnar journal techniques demonstrated accounts receivable apply creditor accounts difference purchases journal cash disbursements journal recording transactions affecting accounts purchases journal money column record purchases merchandise credit multicolumn journal purchases merchandise supplies recorded commonly preferred journal columns shown illustration illustrated journal invoice date terms date payment purchase due accounts payable credit column record amounts credited creditor account amounts posted daily individual creditor accounts accounts payable ledger column total posted accounts payable controlling account end month items purchased recorded debit columns posted column totals end month cash disbursements journal cash receipts journal columns post repetitive debits credits column totals repetitive debits credits cash payments debits accounts payable controlling account credits purchases discounts cash companies purchase merchandise cash common
cash sales rung cash register sale help ensure correct amounts rung register customers amounts rung clerks required ring sale wrapping merchandise finally cash register locked tape amount sale total sales printed register cash control previously stated requires separation custody cash record keeping cash cash sales separation begins cash register salesclerk access cash register access locked tape end salesclerk required count cash register turn cash count employee cashier office employee cashier office salesclerk access cash access register tape accounting records employee commonly accounting department removes tape register compares total cash turned cashier office tape information basis entry recording cash sales employee access register tape access cash likewise salesclerk employee cashier office access cash register tape cash shortage revealed control cash coming mail begins mail clerk opens mail makes list triplicate money received
goods services sold credit customers pay accounts customers called bad debts loss expense selling credit asked merchants sell credit bad debts result answer course sell credit order increase sales profits willing reasonable loss bad debts order increase sales profits bad debt losses expense selling credit expense incurred order increase sales requirements matching principle met bad debt losses matched sales helped produce bad debt loss results error judgment error granting credit making sale customer pay bad debt loss incurred moment credit granted sale customer course merchant making sale sale loss incurred actually merchant sure loss means collecting exhausted final recognition later change loss loss occurred moment sale recognized bad debt loss occurs moment sale customer pay recognized merchant sure customer pay sale
company average earnings rate industry goodwill goodwill result excellent customer relations location business monopolistic privileges superior management combination factors prospective investor willing pay company company investor felt extra earnings rate continue goodwill asset sold accounts agreement goodwill recorded bought sold occurs business purchased sold entirety occurs goodwill business valued ways examples follow buyer seller place arbitrary goodwill business sold instance seller willing sell business average earnings rate buyer willing pay amount agree net assets business goodwill arbitrarily valuing goodwill goodwill valued multiple portion expected earnings average company expected average earnings goodwill valued say times portion earnings average case goodwill valued average earnings regardless placing arbitrary goodwill
pay period information hours worked compiled clock cards summarized payroll register pen ink form register shown illustration illustrated register weekly pay period shows payroll data employee separate line column headings data recorded columns main explanatory columns heading daily show hours worked employee total employee hours entered column headed total hours hours worked include overtime hours entered column headed hours column headed reg pay rate hourly pay rate employee total hours worked multiplied regular pay rate equals regular pay overtime hours multiplied overtime premium rate equals overtime premium pay regular pay overtime premium pay gross pay employee heading deductions amounts withheld employee gross pay fica taxes shown column marked fica taxes amounts determined multiplying gross pay employee fica tax rate effect remaining illustrations chapter assumed rate paid employee previously stated income tax withheld employee depends gross pay exemptions amount commonly determined wage bracket withholding table determined entered column headed federal income taxes column headed hosp ins shows amounts withheld pay hospital insurance employees families
member partnership partner enter employer employee contractural relationship partner single proprietor legally hire pay salary law custom recognize law custom recognize partner works partnership profits salary law custom recognize partner invests partnership earnings interest recognized partnership earnings include return services return contained earnings salary legal sense likewise partnership earnings include return invested capital return interest legal sense term partnership earnings fairly shared recognize partner contributes times capital fair consideration method sharing likewise services partner valuable fair provision unequal service contributions law absence contrary agreement partnership earnings shared equally means partners agree method sharing partner receives equal share partners agree method sharing agree method sharing earnings say losses losses shared earnings methods sharing partnership earnings employed attempt recognize differences service contributions investments differences exist
financial statements prepared business income statement shows income earned loss incurred accounting period retained earnings statement summarizes retained earnings balance sheet shows end period financial position understanding financing investing activities business information needed information supplied statement financial position statement summarizes occurred financial position business showing acquired resources period applied resources statement designed emphasize account change working capital business working capital business excess current assets current liabilities working capital called net working capital important concern current assets cash accounts receivable merchandise merchandise acquired short term credit primarily accounts payable sold turned accounts receivable collected turned cash cash pay bills short term credit buy merchandise result concern current assets current liabilities circulate circulation important current assets exceed current liabilities adequate amount adequate excess current assets current liabilities words adequate amount working capital enables business meet current debts carry sufficient inventory advantage cash discounts offer favorable credit terms customers
number times fixed interest charges earned calculated measure security return offered bondholders mortgage holder amount income deduction fixed interest charges income taxes pay fixed interest charges calculation dividing income fixed interest charges income taxes fixed interest charges result number times fixed interest charges earned fixed interest charges considered secure company consistently earns fixed interest charges times rate return total assets employed measure management performance assets earn profit management responsible return assets employed measure management performance return figure calculation tax income interest expense interest expense included return paid creditors assets supplied likewise amount assets fluctuated average beginning end assets employed rates return earned average total assets employed anchor supply company calculated follows case anchor supply company change rates significant impossible tell returns bad basis comparison comparison returns earned similar size companies engaged kind business comparison returns earned company previous case
effect general price level investments assets depends nature assets involved assets called monetary assets represent money claims receive fixed amount money number dollars owned received fixed amount regardless occur purchasing power dollar examples monetary assets cash accounts receivable notes receivable investments bonds amount money owned received monetary asset change price level gpla balance sheet amount monetary asset adjusted general price level cash owned end held general price level index increased cash reported december general price level adjusted gpla balance sheets balance sheet adjustment important note investment monetary asset held period inflation result loss purchasing power buy end end reduction purchasing power constitutes loss amount loss calculated follows nonmonetary assets defined assets monetary assets prices nonmonetary assets bought sold tend increase decrease general price level increases decreases general price level investments nonmonetary assets tend retain amounts purchasing power originally invested
planning plant asset investments called capital budgeting plans involve buildings machinery projects case objective earn satisfactory return invested funds capital budgeting requires crucial difficult decisions faced management decisions difficult commonly based estimates projected future uncertain crucial large sums money involved funds committed periods decision project begun difficult impossible reverse effects poor decision capital budgeting involves preparation cost revenue estimates proposed projects examination merits choice worthy investment broad field text limit discussion ways comparing investment opportunities payback period return average investment discounted cash flows generally investment machine plant asset produce net cash flow payback period investment required recover investment net cash flow assume murray company considering capital investment investment involves purchase machine manufacturing product machine cost service salvage company estimates units machine product sold sales result tax net income calculated follows annual sales units product murray company expects gain revenue net income
effective tax planning requires extensive knowledge tax laws business procedures purpose chapter expert tax planners elementary accounting students purpose students aware merits effective tax planning recognizing complete effective planning average student business executive citizen seek advice certified public accountant tax attorney person qualified tax matters discussion taxes clear distinction drawn tax evasion tax avoidance tax evasion illegal result heavy penalties including prison sentences instances tax avoidance perfectly legal profitable activity taxes avoided preventing tax liability coming existence accomplished legal means transaction completed manner business organized wise selection options provided tax laws makes difference means legal prevents tax liability arising contrast tax evasion involves fraudulent denial concealment existing tax liability taxes evaded taxable income interest dividends tips fees profits sale stocks bonds assets unreported taxes evaded items legally deductible income deducted taxes evaded costs operating family automobile deducted business expense charitable contributions allowed deducted tax evasion illegal scrupulously avoided states number cities levy income taxes cases modeling laws federal laws
glance advantage tax free exchange pay taxes ten ago corporation acquired land edge city today due booming growth land city fair market fully depreciated fence land improvements storage idle equipment excess inventory corporation plans move part operations suburb opportunity trade city property vacant suburban acreage build factory trade tax viewpoint land depreciable answer yes company tax free exchange suburban property vacant consisted land fair market suitable factory building thereon valued corporation sold city property paid tax gain purchased suburban factory site corporation gain city land taxable term capital gain tax exceed purchasing factory corporation gains deduct building cost form depreciation expense deductible full arriving taxable income exceptions accounting basis procedures taxpayer keeping records computing taxable income
cultural attitudes expectations major influence personality formation imitating behavior process generally encouraged reinforced individuals incorporate personalities values country community economic class parents begin process acculturation socialization soon child born initial training involves development child sexual identity young boy aggressiveness greeted approval young girl aggressiveness met dismay studies shown sex differences presumed hereditary products socialization parents transmit child speech accents manners social prejudices attitudes absorbed child part identity fundamental attitudes granted product place idea individual part cultural tradition comparatively recent development human history primitive societies felt sense total identification communities clearly defined ideas death attitudes aggression cooperation conformity individuality rationality spirituality countless attitudes conveyed culture form basis beliefs actions theorists vary importance give heredity experience culture personality development recent tendency stress importance experience heredity culture experience considerably modify heredity cultural influences experience element exercise control
symptoms apathy indifference lethargy general lack enthusiasm apathetic student finds unable study effort study overwhelming task feels indifferent personal appearance sleeps late continually feels exhausted deeply preoccupied listlessness inability apathy symptom defensive technique enable student suppress highly aggressive feelings family instructors student feels making demands feels wronged past suppressing feelings turns aggression experiences hatred guilt sense worthlessness punishment reject opportunities success achievement school unconsciously trying punish aggressive feelings estimates students point college career suffer depression severe affect studies symptoms depression include sadness hopelessness feelings worthlessness degree apathy physical symptoms include insomnia loss appetite depressed student lose interest activities previously enjoyed pessimistic chances getting college succeeding career suicidal thoughts feels depressed fails course breaks relationship natural feel sad fact normal kind depression beneficial helping person adjust circumstances
heart blood vessels parts body benefit significantly effects physical fitness proper exercise health lungs entire respiratory system improved function effectively lungs capable processing air extracting sufficient oxygen produce energy required body amount air lungs controlled muscles rib cage diaphragm inhalation muscles contract expand rib cage creating vacuum lung cavity air rushes exhalation muscles relax forcing air physical conditioning makes strengthening muscles control expansion contraction rib cage diaphragm greater air inhalation release oxygen body removal carbon dioxide wastes bodily system benefits greatly exercise muscular system voluntary skeletal muscles respond act involuntary muscles conscious control system accounts approximately half body weight utilizes oxygen nutrients opposed highly focused exercise build voluntary muscle size thicken muscle tissue total fitness activities increase muscle strength efficiency quickness endurance addition activities require blood vessels handle increased tissue needs oxygen waste disposal especially important times stress muscles require times oxygen normal conditions involuntary muscles control breathing lining blood vessels benefit increased blood vessels exercise
convenient family eat pleasant eats foods result response appetite signal hunger weakened necessity eat standard portion food stated hungry addition sensitive children needs parents insist children eat plates children habit eating bodies require order obey parents food equated love children adults continue overeat order feel loved grow older sophisticated foods eat begin enjoy act eating appreciate taste fine foods eaten company friends tend eat response appetite response social cues gradually control appetites mere thought food stimulate gastric secretions arouse powerful feeling hunger weight influenced culture live lean body esteemed country certainly true mediterranean countries plump rounded women considered attractive sleek angular women societies overweight considered prosperous content persons obese conflicts fears fantasies individuals employ means resolve live feelings
adrenal glands located atop kidney hormone secretions adrenal cortex influence development primary secondary sex characteristics cortex functioning properly hormones produces overstimulate understimulate sexual development sex glands gonads ovaries testes produce primary reproductive cells ova spermatozoa hormones influence reproductive systems functioning male hormones called androgens aid maturation reproductive system play vital role development secondary sex characteristics facial hair hormones secreted female gonads estrogens progesterone reciprocal effect pituitary hormones female sex hormones able regulate monthly cycles menstruation ovulation estrogen progesterone play role development secondary sex characteristics growth breast tissue puberty period secondary sex characteristics develop capacity play role reproduction females stage begins average age males enter puberty later complete discussion puberty sexual cycle chapter males females puberty initiated pituitary gland begins secrete hormones quantity sufficient stimulate gonads onset puberty male hormones produced pituitary gland stimulate cells testes produce testerone primary male sex hormone testosterone influences maturation male reproductive system stimulates development secondary sex characteristics broadening shoulders deepening voice growth hair face chest armpits male genitals enlarging penis final mature size
birth defects genetically linked passed generation conditions called hereditary congenital abnormalities include tay sachs disease sickle cell anemia important aware risks hereditary transmission disease members populations especially susceptible consult physicians prior marraige tay sachs disease inherited disorder times common eastern european jews non jews disease afflicts young children results inherited absence enzyme breaks fatty acids fatty deposits accumulate chiefly brain cells loss coordination blindness death result child inherit recessive tay sachs genes parent order afflicted chances happen parents recessive gene disease person gene carrier current estimates thirty jews carrier carriers detected simple blood test inherited disorder sickle cell anemia disease affects mainly blacks estimated sickle cell gene carried blacks united states child parents carriers inherits recessive genes child hundred dies age birth defects caused fetal environment brought varied factors drugs disease infection alcohol smoking drugs pregnancy pass mother blood stream placenta
role family changed role marriage today deal questioning roles women play technological society questioning women view roles context marriage longer bound imperative family women america ventured traditional place home demand fill positions business industry heretofore held exclusive providers family assume increasing importance wage earners women find greater financial freedom shift interest family professional women focus individual needs personal fulfillment partnerships founded foremost love mutual respect economic freedom reinforced sexual freedom emphasis shifts realization women find conflict role expectations traditional agrarian society wife primarily homemaker mother significant number women enter marriage today goals mothers grandmothers presence women force changed economic face american family country history half women labor force present hold percent jobs united states proportionately black women working white women percent percent recent department health education welfare survey revealed percent america women homes pregnancy
recent increase child abuse unrestrained corporal punishment point physically harming child indication parents fail assess maturity preparedness parenthood current figures child abuse reveal million half reported cases estimated times number unreported thousands youngsters die result abuse received hands parents hitting child misbehavior constitutes form child abuse neglect psychological maltreatment fully dangerous corporal punishment suggested parents beaten unloved children likely repeat pattern offspring reason individuals sense lack control seek help parents general role parents play child psychological development discussed chapter parents anonymous organization founded intention helping parents tend abuse children physically verbally neglect organization current estimate child abuse cases united states reported unreported runs figure million means telephone calls meetings concerned professionally sponsored parents problem child abuse dealt successfully organization set telephone hot lines parents feel urge abuse children anonymity respected parents call comforted met insight understanding parenthood today requires economic stability initial costs child including prenatal care delivery hospital stay minimal maternity clothes nursery equipment
problem alcoholism seriously affects lives relatives children spouses addicted drinkers alcoholism blamed wife beating broken homes brutality children divorce abandonment innocent members families involved public affected assume cost maintaining counseling dependents alcoholic individuals longer support families lastly alcoholism waste human potential talented capable lost alcoholism community leaders heads families teachers artists destroy lives addiction drug concern injury alcoholics inflict society motivates desire restore addicted drinkers place community matter severe addiction alcoholics treated effectively naturally attitude alcoholic important factor cure essential prerequisites successful treatment alcoholic desire treatment recovery determination continue treatment achieve success motivation addicted drinkers return drinking treatment soon leave alcoholics necessarily manifest single personality pattern drinking patterns exactly alike rehabilitate alcoholic form treatment selected individual treatment alcoholic aspects treating damage physical health brought chronic alcoholism changing behavioral pattern alcoholic resume addiction recommended detoxification conducted medical supervision guard possibility death cases acute intoxification
methadone programs chemical therapy approach treatment heroin addiction center application drug methadone cross tolerance heroin opiates barbiturates tranquilizers amphetamines methadone small doses block high achieved heroin morphine codeine methadone administered orally liquid form large produce cross tolerance effect opiates small give regular user high entering methadone treatment program heroin addict initially receive daily doses milligrams methadone dose gradually increased milligrams times week produce high individual tolerance drug level referred maintenance dose user maintained suffer withdrawal symptoms common opiates main advantage methadone unlike heroin soporific sleep inducing effect normal everyday functioning user impaired methadone program developed pioneering success drs dole nyswander serving nation estimated half million heroin addicts recently severly criticized team doctors claimed overcrowded clinics administrative unconcern ineptitude minimal supportive counseling job assistance driven addicts street return heroin procure methadone dose addition internal failure wholesale public resistance concept substituting addictive drug
according recent figures national center health statistics cardiovascular disease diseases heart blood vessels cancer responsible percent deaths united states statistics success effort cardiovascular impairment decade unfortunately according national cancer institute incidence forms cancer continues rise tend associate diseases elderly truth persons age susceptible fig fact high death rate cardiovascular disease cancer primary health problems cardiovascular disease cancer leading death fact influenza pneumonia account percent mortality rate major fundamental reason reversal increasing ability control communicable diseases contract diseases frequently fewer die expectancy rates continue increase national center health statistics reports female child born today expected live age male continual lengthening span contributes frequency cardiovascular diseases cancer believed ailments occur result term existence conditions body term exposure substances likelihood occurring increases age review cardiovascular disorders principal death follow discussion cancer figures national center health statistics record steady decline american heart disease rate
effective preventive measures lung cancer requires changing widespread habits americans smoking chemicals tobacco smoke known carcinogens cancer causing agents fact percent cases lung cancer occur smokers rise lung cancer rate women attributed increased cigarette smoking decades war ii nature tobacco effects lungs parts body discussed detail chapter effective control exercised harmful agents air pollutants asbestos particles coal tar fumes radioactive ores contribute development cancer lung type solid tumor cancer known sarcoma sarcomatous cancers affect nonepithelial tissue bones muscles cartilage symptoms tumor type bone cancer affects male children pain bones resembling rheumatism fever gradually developing tumorous structure multiple myeloma occurs primarily age develops bone marrow bone cancer invariably proves fatal treatment slow progress eventually spreads lungs bones body organs bone cancer victims age adults affected reason believe occurrence bone cancer adults related environmental factors individuals frequently exposed rays show comparitvely higher rate bone cancer likewise higher rate found occupations involve handling radioactive substance called beryllium
legalization laetrile unproven substance encourages cancer victims discontinue orthodox therapy wisdom action questioned especially medical profession consider laetrile treatment deaths controversy public demand resulted national cancer institute initiating study laetrile effectiveness treatment cancer despite conviction institute director drug fraud case quacks cultists attention support therapies practices lack evidence required scientific method exact opposite true regarding issue fluoridation water dental benefits natural artificial fluoridation support dental medical nursing scientific educational organizations cultists allies continue oppose attempts extend benefits discontinued exist underscore resistance fluoridation opponents attempted mislead public believing drinking fluoridated water poses health hazard date prospective dangers cited opponents materialized percent population united states enjoying benefits fluoridation reported recent study nearly million conducted center disease control atlanta benefit reflected percent reduction tooth decay children reported confirming prior studies absence ill effects health drink water fluoridated part million level concentration typically artificial fluoridation water
major issue establishing controls environmental pollution divided concerned opposing camps operating set values priorities real issue pollution effects pollution factors studied elicit general disagreement true problem lies area compliance degree willingness determination actually pollution government regulations stringently enforced polluters obliged discontinue adjust operations adversely affect quality air soil water continual fencing polluters regulatory agencies delayed enforcement laws response generally argument based economic grounds cost adjustments modifications enormous passed consumer reduced production insured adherence regulations causing employee layoffs industry claims cost environmental safeguards altogether prohibitive unjustified solution problem adopt strategy minimal response opposite side issue emphasis consequences pollution pollution damages buildings equipment substantial affects plant animal air water primary concern effect pollution human health enormous cost health care pollution central question course put price human terms jobs environmentalists claim strict adherence epa standards create jobs economy industry questions basic willingness american public pay costs incurred compliance environmental regulations
prospects feeding growing population entirely grim past decades produced possibilities developing food supplies utilized feed mankind hopeful developing grain varieties types rice grain sorghum corn wheat result yields high traditional varieties grains require huge quantities fertilizer widespread depend stabilization oil prices food firms producing livestock product substitutes vegetables margarine substitute current efforts directed producing milk meat substitutes nutritionally equivalent real products experts believe ocean valuable potential source food human consumption addition serving supplier fish products ocean farmed plant rich protein weather control techniques offer hope drier areas fertile areas productive remote solutions food crisis experts emphasize potential technological agricultural advances increasing food production limit optimism words necessity population control dr norman borlaug american scientist winner nobel prize contributions developing food sources statement accepting award green revolution recent success developing high yield grains won temporary success war hunger deprivation breathing space
study body structure science anatomy study function works physiology broad fields subdivisions gross anatomy deals organs structures body studied dissection microscopic anatomy study tissues known histology study structure individual cells called cytology embryology study development organism birth pathology study disease processes study human body deal subdisciplines medical science applied form anatomy physiology findings anatomists physiologists maintain health treat disease fig branches medical science defined box anatomy physiology body intricately interrelated structure perfectly adapted carrying specific function muscular walls heart especially constructed pumping blood hollow chambers blood forced large blood vessels elastic walls permit vessels expand fill blood snap normal size chambers heart flaplike valves prevent blood flowing backward look relationships structure function body parts studying try understand size shape structure part related job perform environment exist thrive surroundings humans able obtain water essential part human body consists water weight
fatty acid straight chain carbon atoms carbons attached hydrogen atoms characteristic end group known carboxyl group found end kinds fatty acids commonly found animal lipids fatty acid differs number arrangement carbon hydrogen atoms chain saturated fatty acids maximum number hydrogen atoms chemically unsaturated fatty acids carbon atoms doubly bonded fully saturated hydrogens fats unsaturated fatty acids oils liquid room temperature fatty acids linoleic arachidonic acids essential nutrients included diet glycerol molecule combines chemically fatty acid monoglyceride formed fig fatty acids linked glycerol constitute diglyceride fatty acids attached glycerol constitute triglyceride triglyceride unsaturated fatty acids referred polyunsaturated fat combine glycerol carboxyl end fatty acid attaches hydroxyl groups dehydration reaction water split conversely digestion glycerides hydrolyzed produce fatty acids glycerol phospholipids important components cell membranes phospholipid consists glycerol molecule attached fatty acids glycerol attached organic base phosphorus nitrogen elements absent neutral fats ends phospholipid molecule differ physically chemically base end tends attracted water hydrophilic water loving
passage materials cell membranes diffusion osmosis depends unceasing molecular motion materials substances forced membranes hydrostatic pressure process called filtration blood pressure forces liquid part plasma blood cells capillary wall forming tissue fluid ions small molecules dissolved plasma leave blood vessels plasma part tissue fluid filtration occurs kidneys plasma forced specialized capillaries structures called capsules step urine production chemical composition cytoplasm identical cell concentration sodium cell times greater inside potassium concentration times greater inside cell differences essential cell opportunity diffusion quickly eliminate differences solute concentration cases cell prevent diffusion operating effectively reverse direction accomplished active transport process cell moves materials region low concentration region higher concentration working uphill concentration gradient requires energy expenditure energy active transport cells remain alive substances actively transported membrane protein molecules recently thought protein pick ion side membrane rotate ion transported opposite side membrane released
spine trunk continuous cervical vertebrae discussed bear weight body support vertically lower parts vertebral column bear poundage articular surfaces measuring fraction square inch surfaces separate vertebrae delicate spinal cord threaded string beads vertebrae held spinal cord support protect connected elaborate system ligaments articular surfaces pairs tributary spinal nerves exit spaces intervertebral foramina provided adjacent vertebrae importance vertebrae body movements overlooked flexible rigid depending largely contraction muscles vertebral column permits variety motions spine flexible pelvic portions region vertebral column composed distinctive vertebrae regions cervical neck composed vertebrae thoracic chest consisting twelve vertebrae pair ribs lumbar vertebrae rib attachments fused sacral pelvic vertebrae articulate bones finally vertebrae likewise fused offering anchorage muscles pelvic floor typical vertebrae illustrated figure takine thoracic vertebra notice large body centrum bears load body weight stress dorsal posterior tothe centrum archlike lamina surrounds vertebral foramen passageway spinal cord lamina elongated dorsally spinous process attachment muscles
cell skeletal muscle highly specialized contraction muscle cells striking body early development week embryonic individual cells located blocks tissue muscles fuse form spindle shaped cells goes develop transverse stripes striations fig shortly begin twitch eventually muscle cells attain adult nerve connective tissue relationships cease multiply growth exercise cell enlarges musculature adultresults figure muscle cell filled cylindrical structures myofibrils able contract myofibrils myofilaments action responsible contraction myofibrils muscle cell membrane muscle cell sarcolemma corresponds plasma cell membrane cells substance myofibrils sarcoplasm corresponds cytoplasm cells structures sarcoplasmic reticulum series vesicles wrapped myofibrils enzymes host mitochondria tremendous length muscle cell impressive cells entire muscle muscle cells muscle straplike sartorius thigh centimeters length obvious consequence order contract muscle cell able transmit impulses controlling contraction entire length
action muscle depends chiefly attached bone arranged muscles according insertion movable attachment move depends attachment information depend bones continue muscle clear cross head table tibialis posterior inserts cuneiform bone tarsals foot table major insertion muscle origins listed column actions formal action actual function muscle body notice comments column function action usual sense comments column muscle deep superficial piece information considerable dissecting room tibialis posterior deep muscle innervation proper column ways chief nerve supplying muscle abbreviated reference cranial spinal nerve roots knowledge required courses practical clinical importance injuries infer spinal nerve damage tabulating muscles affected paralysis flexor muscles knee damage lumbar sacral spinal nerves paralysis elbow flexors biceps muscle damage sixth cervical nerves
somatic nervous system includes receptors react external environment sensory neurons cns informed motor neurons adjust positions skeletal muscles order maintain body integrity chapter sensory receptors discussed detail communication lines cranial spinal nerves nerves run sensory motor neurons somatic system neurons autonomic system twelve pairs nerves emerge brain ten pairs emerge parts brainstem pair cerebrum thalamus fig cranial nerves transmit information brain special sensory receptors regarding senses smell sight hearing taste general sensory receptors especially head region bring orders cns voluntary muscle control movements eyes face mouth tongue pharynx larynx provide communication cns internal organs cranial nerves designated roman numerals numbers sequence nerves emerge brain table lists cranial nerves distributions functions cranial nerves consist sensory fibers mixed nerves consisting sensory motor neurons cell bodies motor fibers found nuclei brainstem cell bodies sensory fibers located ganglia brain olfactory nerves sensory nerves transmit information smell olfactory mucosa upper part nasal passages nerves consist bipolar neurons unmyelinated axons
important comparing actual performance muscles required muscle actually putting force commanded exert motor units biceps activate lifting bowling ball compared lifting ping pong ball sensory feedback obtained action receptors called muscle spindles consist specialized muscle fibers muscle spindles found typical voluntary muscle connected muscle cells connective tissue harness gross muscle form part muscle contracts contract typical muscle spindle fiber differs striated muscle cells spindle fiber possesses central region filaments absent number nuclei region encircled sensory nerve ending called spiral sensory ending central region muscle spindle fiber stretched nerve ending responds sending impulses afferent neurons central nervous system figure shows muscle spindle assume surrounding muscle cells contracting isotonically wish review concept chapter tension cells increasing spindle fibers contracting experience tension means central portions stretch spiral sensory endings activated resistance contraction muscle increases contraction cease isotonic begin approach isometric contraction
fascinated process growth small children measure periodically parents eagerly awaiting big tall short depends factors including genes diet hormonal balance human growth hormone hgh called somatotropin stimulates body growth mainly increasing uptake amino acids cells stimulating protein synthesis prompts cells build proteins growth hormone referred protein anabolic hormone effects growth hormone growth skeleton indirect hormone stimulates liver tissues produce peptides called somatomedins actually mediate growth response somatomedin needed chondroitin sulfate collagen deposited essential growth cartilage bone effects protein synthesis important growth hormone affects fat carbohydrate metabolism promotes mobilization fat adipose tissues raising level free fatty acids blood fatty acids cells fuel protein sparing action help promote growth fat mobilization growth hormone important fasting person prolonged stress situations blood sugar level low explain growth hormone actions result directly indirectly raising blood sugar level inhibits glucose uptake utilization cells glucose enter cells utilized fuel stored glycogen cells laden glycogen liver cells convert glycogen glucose release blood blood glucose level rises
diameter capillary small capillaries individually offer resistance blood flow vast number capillaries collectively cross sectional area put differently blood tiny capillary channels pass total resistance capillaries considered arterioles blood flows capillaries pressure caused action heart spent blood passes venules pressure mm hg compared mm hg arteries fig venous pressure falls steadily blood passes larger veins small pressure mm hg sufficient push blood veins heart blood finally enters atrium pressure mm hg takes pressure force blood veins veins offer resistance blood flow diameters large vein walls thin distensible hold large volumes blood moment half blood circulation found veins reason veins able act blood reservoir blood lost hemorrhage arterial pressure begins fall special receptors baroreceptors discussed later respond causing veins constrict releasing large amounts blood heart response prevents heart failing keeps circulation going large amounts blood lost veins arranged body upright position gravity offers deal resistance venous blood flow
lymphatic system makes vital contribution fluid homeostatis collecting interstitial fluid protein accumulates enters lymph capillaries interstitial fluid called lymph note assigned names fluid common origin portion plasma escapes capillary walls enters tissues called interstitial fluid interstitial fluid enters lymph vessels called lymph determined location fluid course composition fluids varies wondering lymph actually forms makes excess interstitial fluid enter blind capillaries lymphatic system factors facilitate process protein concentration increases interstitial fluid osmotic pressure increases correspondingly slows passage fluid venous capillaries increasing volume interstitial fluid increased volume comes increased pressure increased pressure forces interstitial fluid including protein lymphatic capillaries movement interstitial fluid lymph capillaries facilitated construction walls capillaries endothelial cells wall anchored connective tissue cemented fig cells overlap slightly pushed fluid presses mechanism works swinging door opens volume fluid increases lymph capillary cell door pushed closed protein removed interstitial fluid osmotic pressure decreases cycle begins anew lymph flows segment capillary past tiny valve segment
barometric pressure decreases progressively higher altitudes concentration oxygen air remains partial pressure oxygen decreases barometric pressure altitude ft barometric pressure mm hg partial pressure oxygen mm hg hemoglobin arterial blood saturated oxygen ft barometric pressure mm hg partial pressure oxygen mm hg arterial oxygen saturation getting sufficient oxygen air increasing problem higher altitudes person breathing pure oxygen breathing gas partial pressure mm hg hemoglobin fully saturated oxygen barometric pressure low breathing pure oxygen able arterial hemoglobin fully saturated oxygen person remain conscious arterial oxygen saturation remains level reached ft breathing air ft breathing oxygen high flying jets cabins airtight pressurized altitude ft hypoxia deficiency oxygen results drowsiness mental fatigue headache euphoria hypoxia impairs ability think judgments perform tasks requiring coordination jet flying ft underwent sudden decompression pilot lose consciousness sec comatose min
placenta organ exchange mother fetus providing nutrients oxygen fetus removing wastes developing organism excretion mother addition placenta serves endocrine organ placenta develops embryonic chorion maternal uterine tissue implantation chorion continues grow rapidly invading endometrium forming villi vascularized embryonic circulation develops fig enzymes released invading embryonic cells destroy endometrial tissue including small blood vessels small amounts blood oozing damaged vessels form pools chorionic villi umbilical cord develops connecting embryo placenta umbilical arteries pass umbilical cord connect vast network capillaries developing villi placenta actually consists portion chorion developed villi uterine tissue villi maternal capillaries small pools maternal blood blood villi returns embryo umbilical vein umbilical arteries passes umbilical cord placenta brings maternal blood close blood fetus circulatory systems completely separate oxygen nutrients pass maternal blood placental tissue diffuse embryo blood transports materials developing tissues embryonic body wastes pass embryonic blood placental tissue maternal blood transports mother kidneys disposal hormones produced placenta embryo begins implant trophoblastic cells release human chorionic gonadotropin hcg signals corpus luteum pregnancy begun
ancestry cells traced cell generations single fertilized egg called zygote sex cells highly specialized descendants primitive zygote produced mitosis ensures daughter cells exactly dna fact cells share genetic information regard identical twins obviously body cells identical twins generally accepted view differentiated cells organism genetic information parts information expressed tissues information inappropriate vast fund repressed cell descendants cell case differentiated cell actively divides epithelial cell suppression heredity hereditary aspect matter cells express information times cells thyroid gland thyroid cell secretes hormone stimulated hormone released blood gland pituitary gland apparently genes function cell stimulated proper accomplished possibility follows dna tightly coiled histone proteins found conjunction clearly restrained open engage transcription protein formed
laboratory study isolated frog muscle repeatedly stimulated contract ph fatigued muscular tissue measured found low due accumulation lactic acid bear mind muscle supplied blood unlikely lactic acid accumulation produces muscular fatigue moderately exercising intact organism blood renew muscle oxygen supply prevent formation lactic acid extent place addition circulating blood washes acid muscles accumulate course exertion overload ph control mechanisms blood acidosis occur lactic acid accumulation full explanation hypotheses considered major alternative hypothesis muscular fatigue results principally kind progressive change control mechanisms initiate muscular contraction known nerve muscle electrically stimulated point exhaustion muscle contract stimulating tissue directly diseases muscular dystrophy result pathological nerve transmission defects consistent symptoms increased susceptibility muscles fatigue normal fatigue reflect developing transmission defect neuromuscular junction synapses motor areas central nervous system acknowledge muscular fatigue known certainty general fatigue resulting physical
microscopic forms present vast numbers nearly environment known found soil bodies water figure food water consume air breathe conditions favor survival growth microorganisms thesame live unusual find microscopic forms surfaces bodies mouth figure nose portions digestion tract body regions fortunately majority microorganisms harmful humans forms microbial including microscopic forms small seen ordinary microscope displays wide variety forms properties microorganisms microbes occur single cells multicellular viruses true cellular appearance organisms called anaerobes capable carrying vital functions absence free oxygen majority organisms aerobes require free oxygen microbes manufacture essential compounds physiological needs atmospheric sources nitrogen carbon dioxide microorganisms viruses bacteria totally dependent existence cells higher forms branch science known microbiology embraces properties microorganisms part microorganisms exhibit characteristic features common biological systems features reproduction metabolism growth living things ability duplicate multiply microorganisms capable asexual sexual forms basic process
general animals characterized lacking typical structures plants leaves stems roots addition noted actively motile nonphotosynthetic complex plants regarded opposite animals respects taxonomic status forms remained fairly constant discovery variety microorganisms confronted biologists problems microorganisms categorized plant animal additional properties considered presence outer structure called cell wall define cell plant animal cells protozoa feature animal cells able capture ingest solid foods smaller protozoa cell fragments plant cells microscopic algae bacteria fungi molds yeasts grouped plantae protozoa considered members animalia unfortunately problems soon apparent microorganisms discovered properties animals plants biologists continued assign microscopic forms arbitrarily kingdoms clear suitable classification microorganisms based characteristics larger animals plants linnaeus studied bacteria detailed classification microorganisms realized microorganisms easily grouped terms established system created category linnaeus classified bacteria large group called vermes genus chaos later bacteria incorrectly shifted categories result insufficient knowledge
number types atoms molecule chemical formula formula sodium chloride ordinary table salt nacl sodium na chlorine cl atoms held chemical bond atoms react need electrons outer orbit sodium electron chlorine electrons outer orbit case chlorine needs electron stabilize orbit electrons sodium loses chlorine gains reaction occurs atoms bonded type bond called ionic bond electron transferred producing ions electrically charged atoms sodium atom lost electron positive ion chlorine atom gained electron negative ion ions written na cl ionically bonded compounds held opposite charges components ionic bonds dissociate break water strong hold living systems kind bond required protoplasm covalent bond type bond occurs electrons shared atoms making bond ions generated compounds dissociate water natural gas methane covalent bonding hydrogen electron share carbon needs electrons stabilize orbit hydrogen atoms share electrons carbon atom producing methane chemically noted shown figure molecules involve sharing electrons atoms carbon dioxide molecule
yeasts saccharomyces cerevisiae leaven breads ferment beer wine ascomycetes production alcoholic beverages carbon dioxide product fermentation baking carbon dioxide essential ingredient yeasts mixed dough multiply produce sugar fermenting enzymes fermentative activity yeasts produces alcohol carbon dioxide tiny bubbles carbon dioxide form dough rise baking gas expands alcohol escapes yeasts serve important sources complex vitamins ergosterol production vitamin yeast cells reproduce asexually budding process cell nucleus divides mitosis nuclei enclosed small projection bud formed side parental cell figures yeasts capable sexual reproduction edible fungi ascomycetes mushroom morel truffle color photograph subterranean spherical fungus found species oak trees truffle mycelium possibly morels grows association tree roots unique flavor truffles morels highly valued cooks gastronomes rarity difficulty harvesting truffles mainly grow regions france italy combined unique flavor places expensive foods nutritive ascomycetes known harmful activities include variety plant diseases apple scab powdery mildew roses related plants color photograph production poisonous substance toxin ergot claviceps purpurea growing rye cereals production substances related ergot known hallucinogen lsd lysergic acid diethylamide
thousand species green algae known today unicellular color photograph multicellular filaments aggregated colonies figure algae green algae found abundance upper portions aquatic environments essential nutrients growth reproduction hand dissolved surrounding areas microorganisms found depths greater meters largely sunlight penetrate depth green algae found growing freshwater terrestrial environments rocks color photograph bark trees soil freshwater varieties grow submerged shallow pools deeper bodies water free floating free swimming planktonic forms green algae found growing cells protozoa lower animal forms coelenterates hydrae sponges found animal algae endozoic figure algae found viruslike particles figure suggesting algae help transmit viruses green algae thought closely related higher forms plant similar features figure shared properties include cell walls cellulose complex polysaccharide definite nucleus chlorophylls pigments defined chloroplasts production starch means storing excess products photosynthesis green algae produce cellular bodies called pyrenoids figure centers starch formation botanists believe land plants evolved green algae green algae methods asexual reproduction algae undergo fragmentation filamentous forms zoospore formation figure simple division mitosis figure
heterotrophic organism requires preformed organic compounds nutrition materials sources carbon sugars nitrogen amino acids vitamins growth factors autotrophic microorganism hand synthesize nearly essential organic materials inorganic compounds carbon dioxide thrives soils bodies water color photograph heterotroph grows environment source organic nutrients heterotrophic autotrophic organisms free living rule cultivated artificial media nutrients environmental conditions growth known group microorganisms hypotrophs obligate intracellular parasites grow living host cell hypotrophs include viruses animals plants bacteria rickettsia addition classification nutritional requirement microorganisms categorized response gases oxygen carbon dioxide oxygen involved electron receptor metabolism carbon dioxide essential nutrient organisms aerobic organisms require oxygen atmosphere levels lower concentration microaerophilic organisms require oxygen percent concentration found atmosphere surface waters grow upper portions liquid broth cultures oxygen abundant avoidance oxygen due need carbon dioxide oxygen microaerophilic organism called capneic capneic organisms require atmosphere carbon dioxide level approximately percent bacteria medical significance neisseria gonorrhoeae provided carbon dioxide growth purposes
thermophilic heat loving microorganisms grow volcanic soils heated water ecosystems compost compost natural decomposition product microbial activity mixtures vegetation supplemented manure decomposition cellulosic animal wastes anaerobic process aerobic frequent mixing materials heat generated composting reach adequate disinfect compost final product soil enrichment thermoactinomyces spp observed growing optimally isolated thermophilic bacteria compost piles remarkable organisms blue green bacteria isolated hot sulfur springs water higher land terrestrial aquatic habitats vary acidity alkalinity ph environments determined types amounts minerals microbial activities bacteria oxidize sulfur sulfuric acid creating aquatic environments ph values low ph means acidity equivalent solution strong acid amount acid living creature tolerate bacteria known decompose urea proteins produce large quantities ammonia compound forms ammonium hydroxide water soil areas produces ph values high acidophilic acid loving microorganisms include thiobacillus thiooxidanas sulfur oxidizer grow ph optimum ph growth ferrooxidans iron oxidizer isolated acid soils peat bogs acid mine waters
ignatz semmelweis hungarian physician working vienna observed incidence childbed fever known puerperal fever higher obstetrics ward run physicians vienna general hospital similar ward run midwives comparing procedures locations semmelweis observed midwives washed hands frequently physicians directly performing autopsies treat patients changing blood spattered clothes washing hands semmelweis guessed procedures important factors accounting difference infection rates wards lower rate infection maternity clinics required attendants wash hands chlorinated lime infection rate dropped significantly unfortunately semmelweis efforts persuade physicians necessity cleanliness disinfection ended failure dismissed hospital staff early nineteenth century infections believed caused magical power air imbalance body fluids certainly contaminated hands involved took incredible tenacity pasteur show microorganisms ferment fruit juice wine spoilage wine idea microorganisms disease evolve aware pasteur joseph lister england sought prevent surgical infections efforts carbolic acid phenol clearly established modern surgical procedures koch associates evaluated seventy chemicals disinfection antisepsis chemicals phenols mercuric chloride neuber applied compound surgical antiseptic disinfection operating rooms insisted patients wear clean gowns surgeons wear clean apparel operating room
mechanisms organisms develop resistance antimicrobial agents include enzymatic alteration drug change selective permeability cell walls membranes organisms change sensitivity affected enzymes increased production competitive substrate antibiotic inactivation production enzyme penicillinase staphylococcus aureus portion penicillin molecule attacked enzyme beta lactam ring figure enzyme correctly known penicillin beta lactamase pharmaceutical industry attacked problem penicillin resistance modifying structure drug result drugs methicillin oxacillin figure nafcillin produced compounds effective penicillinase producing staphylococci drug resistance due cellular permeability sensitivity involves streptomycin apparently streptomycin interferes translation genetic information involving mrna ribosomes resistance occur development decreased sensitivity enzymes concerned attaching mrna ribosomes streptomycin appears affect cell membrane permeability resistance occur selective permeability cell sulfonamides act enzymic level pathway para acid folic acid membrane sites resistance sulfonamides due enzyme sensitivity selective permeability sulfonamides bacterium develop resistance overproducing paba occurs aureus antibiotics known medical nonmedical increase compounds obsolete withdrawn market appears antibiotics overused overprescribed
mother actively immunized rh factor birth child erythroblastosis fetalis disease effects severe future rh offspring father heterozygous rh rh produce children lacking rh factor rh negative women previous exposure rh factors transfusions birth normal rh positive children maternal antibodies produced trouble father heterozygous rh rh fetus percent chance rh negative subject disease rh atigen generally main factor hemolytic disease newborn blood antigens capable causing condition fetal erythrocytes commonly observed maternal circulation term numbers generally increase childbirth clinical evidence processes labor delivery fetal red cells enter maternal circulation investigators hold continual leakage fetal cells mother system pregnancy contribute isoimmunization rh negative women major threat isoimmunization occurs end trimester pregnancy immediately childbirth procedure preventing maternal rh problems recently developed approach passive immunization suppress antigenic stimulus provided fetal cells postpartum period immunoglobulin preparation high titers rh antibody administered rh negative unsensitized mothers receive material hours delivery abortion miscarriage involving rh problem antibody disappears approximately months producing short lived passive immunity preventing lasting active endanger later child
step animal protection test injection test animals quantities toxin mixed unit standard antitoxin prepared central controlling agency national institutes health bethesda maryland procedure determines dose toxin lethal laboratory animal weight length presence standard unit antitoxin quantity called standardization diphtheria tetanus toxins dose quantity toxin needed kill gm guinea pig fourth injection toxin antitoxin combination dose toxin obtained unit standard antitoxin toxin standardize newly processed antitoxin standardization achieved quantity preparation producing results unit standard antitoxin found flocculation test proportions respective toxin antitoxin preparations mixed test tubes flocculent precipitate generally forms tube proportions toxin antitoxin needed neutralization skin challenge test simply skin test resembles animal protection procedure standard death animal production skin reactions toxin antitoxin combinations commercial antitoxin preparations principally cases diphtheria tetanus designations tetanus antitoxin preparations include ats antitetanic serum tat tetanus antitoxin antitoxins treat diseases including botulism gas gangrene physician present antitoxin administered patient blood pressure pulse checked treatment detect hypersensitive reaction
gram negative aerobic enteric bacteria extremely common clinical specimens major portion laboratory workload unfortunately organisms look alike gram stains organisms primary isolation media blood agar serve distinguish biochemical testing procedures differentiate identify specific bacteria procedure identifying gram negative aerobic enteric bacteria depends largely circumstances source organism stool primary concern major enteric pathogens salmonella shigella spp children adults enteropathogenic escherichtia coli children enteric gram negative bacteria encountered specimens stool significant identified especially specimens urine blood sputum bronchial aspirates spinal fluid wounds small numbers relative organisms auerus streptococci pneumococci important identified reported physician determine treatment combat possibility opportunistic bacteria continue infection chemotherapeutic agent brought primary pathogen control gram negative rod found inoculated routine media colonies formed ferment respective sugars selective differential media eosin methylene blue macconkey enteric agars color photographs organisms suspected salmonella shigella proteus providencia spp enteric gram negative bacteria ferment glucose triple sugar iron agar slant medium color photograph lack acid production organisms group involved
cestodes endoparasites adults live intestines vertebrate hosts species capable parasitizing humans table bodies cestodes flattened front consist head attachment organ scolex plural scolices depending species hooks suckers figures neck region region body segments proglottids grow body properly called strobila figure shows relationship tapeworm parts hooks armed scolices tapeworms attached fleshy elevation region rostellum figure retractable armed scolex characteristic pork tapeworm taenia solium unarmed structure found beef tapeworm saginata tapeworm species fish tapeworm dibothriocephalus latus heads form trenchlike groove figure scolices type weak suction power strobila composed series proglottids proceeding neck tapeworm include sexually immature units sexually mature segments figure finally gravid structures filled eggs body segments account ribbonlike appearance tapeworms figure proglottid complete set female male reproductive organs making tapeworms hermaphroditic fertilization occur proglottids worms reciprocal fertilization sexual organs single body segment fertilization cestodes circulatory digestive respiratory skeletal organs special sense organs free sensory nerve endings cycles cestodes complex development infective larvae
milk acquires microorganisms drawn cow milk producing animals contaminated handled processed milk variety nutrients including fat minerals protein sugar lactose vitamins water serve excellent medium numerous microorganisms measures eliminate spoilage organisms souring occurs prevent spoilage milk commercially marketable united states pasteurized samples products routinely checked bacterial content direct microscopic count standard plate count techniques recommended grading standards dairy products developed maintained united states public health service based results procedures milk starting material variety products increase appeal serve preserve tables fermentation milk sugar lactose basis variety food products milk wide variety number microorganisms order ensure high quality dairy food organisms eliminated step pure cultures reliable microorganisms called lactic starter cultures introduced starting material lactic starters include bacteria streptococcus cremoris diacetilactus lactis convert lactose lactic acid characteristic flavors textures butter buttermilk cheeses figures yogurt related foods due types microorganisms bacterium fungus fermentation subsequent processes butter buttermilk sour cream produced inoculating pasteurized cream milk specific lactic starter culture holding amount acidity obtained
solid waste materials pose greater complex problem waste water higher bod loading addition solid wastes pumped considerable material biodegradable degrades slowly solid wastes urban areas include garbage glass metals ceramics ashes paper dried sewage sludge plant tree trimmings plastics miscellaneous ingredients processes solid waste disposal directed reduction volume weight conversion troublesome offensive form solid wastes traditionally dumped pits gullies allowed contaminate air water environment burning dumps sources pollution modern approaches involve controlled dumping establishment sanitary landfills systems solid wastes spread compacted machines layers meters material deposited layer clean earth applied compacted physical capacity solid wastes sanitary landfill reached sealed amount compacted earth approach solidwaste disposal controls usual problems odor pests air water pollution large portion city wastes organic nature microorganisms involved decomposition material microbial decomposition activities landfills primarily anaerobic digestion initially aerobic facultative anaerobic microorganisms involved decomposition process compacted layers sanitary landfill free movement air system prevented soon oxygen depleted activities anaerobes dominate digestion organic matter landfill heat accompanies decomposition raise temperature landfill
structural theory basis millions facts hundreds thousands individual compounds brought arranged systematic basis facts accounted understood structural theory framework ideas atoms put molecules structural theory order atoms attached electrons hold shapes sizes molecules atoms form electrons distributed molecule represented picture model pictures models atomic nuclei represented letters wooden balls electrons join lines dots wooden pegs crude pictures models understand intended mean interpreted terms structural theory tell deal compound molecules represent making physical properties expect melting point boiling point specific gravity kind solvents compound dissolve colored kind chemical behavior expect kind reagents compound react kind products formed react rapidly slowly compound encountered simply basis structural formula understand structural formula mean
temperature concentration reactions compare conditions difference collision frequency arise differences particle weight size bromine atom heavier chlorine atom larger seen effects properties tend cancel actuality collision frequencies differ cent generally true temperature concentration closely related reactions differ collision frequency difference collision frequency large difference reactivity nature probability factor poorly understood reactions similar expect similar probability factors experiment shown true chlorine bromine atoms involved collisions methane proper orientation reaction general closely related reactions concerned assume difference probability factor likely large difference reactivity left consideration energy factor temperature fraction collisions possess amount energy required reaction depends large amount depends act act kcal chlorine reaction kcal bromine reaction seen difference size act enormous difference energy factor rate million collisions sufficiently energetic chlorine atoms involved bromine atoms involved
commonest important jobs organic chemistry determine structural formula compound synthesized isolated natural source compound fall groups group previously reported compound identify compound structure prove compound previously encountered chemist determined structure description properties found chemical literature evidence structure assigned case need show compound identical previously hand compound reported carry elaborate proof structure let general detail later job confronted flask filled gas milliliters liquid tiny heap crystals find answer question purify compound determine physical properties melting point boiling point density refractive index solubility solvents laboratory today measure spectra compound chap infrared spectrum nmr spectrum wealth information gotten spectroscopic examination order business purification mass spectrum accurate molecular weight carry qualitative elemental analysis elements present sec
deeply chemistry cyclic compounds conformational analysis sec preparation let review factors determine stability conformation atom tends bond angles match bonding orbitals tetrahedral hybridized carbon deviations normal bond angles accompanied angle strain secs pair tetrahedral carbons attached tend bonds staggered say ethane portion molecule tends ethane staggered conformation deviations staggered arrangement accompanied torsional strain sec atoms groups bonded interact ways depending size polarity closely brought non bonded interactions repulsive attractive result destabilization stabilization conformation non bonded atoms groups touch sum van der waals radii attract brought closer repel crowding accompanied van der waals strain steric strain secs non bonded atoms groups tend positions result favorable dipole dipole interactions positions minimize dipole dipole repulsions maximize dipole dipole attractions powerful attraction results special kind dipole dipole interaction called hydrogen bond sec factors working opposing determine net stability conformation figure stable conformation molecule ideally consider combinations bond angles angles rotation bond lengths combination results lowest energy content
chemists found divide organic compounds broad classes aliphatic compounds aromatic compounds original meanings words aliphatic fatty aromatic fragrant longer significance aliphatic compounds open chain compounds cyclic compounds resemble open chain compounds families studied alkanes alkenes alkynes cyclic analogs members aliphatic class aromatic compounds benzene compounds resemble benzene chemical behavior aromatic properties properties benzene distinguish aliphatic hydrocarbons compounds possess aromatic properties structures differ considerably structure benzene actually basic similarity electronic configuration sec aliphatic hydrocarbons seen undergo chiefly addition free radical substitution addition occurs multiple bonds free radical substitution occurs points aliphatic chain contrast find aromatic hydrocarbons characterized tendency undergo ionic substitution find contrast maintained families compounds acids amines aldehydes hydrocarbon parts molecules undergo reactions characteristic aliphatic aromatic hydrocarbons important attach undue weight division aliphatic aromatic compounds extremely important classification similarities aliphatic aromatic acids aliphatic aromatic amines important differences obvious definition aromatic compounds study chemistry begin study benzene benzene known chemical physical properties known single organic compound
answer found series studies begun lars melander nobel institute chemistry stockholm extended workers variety aromatic compounds labeled deuterium tritium subjected nitration bromination friedel crafts alkylation found reactions deuterium tritium replaced rate protium significant isotope effect seen carbon deuterium bond broken slowly carbon protium bond carbon tritium bond slowly interpret fact isotope effect rates replacement hydrogen isotopes mean reactions rates comparing involve breaking carbon hydrogen bond interpretation consistent mechanism rate substitution determined slow attachment electrophilic reagent aromatic ring form carbonium ion formed carbonium ion rapidly loses hydrogen ion form products step rate determining step involve breaking carbon hydrogen bond rate rate reaction independent hydrogen isotope present substitution involved single step step necessarily rate determining step involves breaking carbon hydrogen bond isotope effect observed step step sequence slow relative step affect rate expect isotope effect sulfonation show small isotope effect reason
ethyl alcohol oldest synthetic organic chemical important industry ethyl alcohol widely solvent lacquers varnishes perfumes flavorings medium chemical reactions recrystallizations addition important raw material synthesis learned reactions alcohols chap appreciate role played leading member family industrial purposes ethyl alcohol prepared hydration ethylene fermentation sugar molasses starch ultimate source petroleum sugar cane grains ethyl alcohol alcohol alcoholic beverages purpose prepared fermentation sugar truly amazing variety vegetable sources beverage obtained depends fermented rye corn grapes elderberries cactus pulp dandelions fermented carbon dioxide allowed escape bottled fermentation distilled special flavor beverage due ethyl alcohol substances characteristic source deliberately added medically ethyl alcohol classified hypnotic sleep producer toxic alcohols methanol poisonous drinking breathing prolonged periods allowing remain skin lead blindness death unique position highly taxed beverage important industrial chemical ethyl alcohol poses special problem chemical industry form unfit drink
alcohols dissolve cold concentrated sulfuric acid property share alkenes amines practically compounds oxygen easily sulfonated compounds alcohols oxygen compounds form oxonium salts dissolve highly polar sulfuric acid alcohols oxidized cold dilute neutral permanganate primary secondary alcohols course oxidized permanganate vigorous conditions seen sec alcohols impurities oxidized conditions permanganate test interpreted caution alcohols decolorize bromine carbon tetrachloride property serves distinguish alkenes alkynes alcohols distinguished alkenes alkynes nearly kind compound oxidation chromic anhydride aqueous sulfuric acid seconds clear orange solution turns blue green opaque tertiary alcohols give test aldehydes easily differentiated ways sec reaction alcohols sodium metal evolution hydrogen gas characterization wet compound kind course thing water presence group molecule formation ester treatment acid chloride anhydride sec esters sweet smelling solids sharp melting points derivatives indentifications molecular formulas starting material product determined calculate groups present alcohol primary secondary tertiary shown lucas test based difference reactivity classes hydrogen halides sec
separate carboxylic acid non acidic compounds taking advantage solubility insolubility aqueous base separation accomplished regenerate acid acidification aqueous solution dealing solids simply stir mixture aqueous base filter solution insoluble non acidic materials addition mineral acid filtrate precipitates carboxylic acid collected filter dealing liquids shake mixture aqueous base separatory funnel separate aqueous layer insoluble organic layer addition acid aqueous layer liberates carboxylic acid separated water completeness separation ease handling add water insoluble solvent ether acidified mixture carboxylic acid extracted water ether soluble volatile ether readily removed distillation comparatively high boiling acid aldehyde prepared oxidation primary alcohol sec contaminated carboxylic acid acid simply washed dilute aqueous base carboxylic acid prepared oxidation alkylbenzene sec contaminated unreacted starting material carboxylic acid solution aqueous base separated insoluble hydrocarbon regenrated addition mineral acid separations kind clear cut wasteful material preferred recrystallization distillation acetic acid important carboxylic acids prepared air oxidation acetaldehyde readily hydration acetylene sec dehydrogenation ethanol
aliphatic amines basic ammonia aromatic amines considerably basic amines weaker bases hydroxide ion ethoxide ion stronger bases alcohols ethers esters stronger bases water aqueous mineral acids carboxylic acids readily convert amines salts aqueous hydroxide ion readily converts salts free amines carboxylic acids amines encountering conversion salts worthwhile look properties salts sec contrasted physical properties carboxylic acids salts amines salts show contrast amine salts typical ionic compounds non volatile solids heated generally decompose high temperature required melting reached halides nitrates sulfates soluble water insoluble non polar solvents difference solubility behavior amines salts detect amines separate non basic compounds water insoluble organic compound dissolves cold dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid appreciably basic means certainly amine amine separated non basic compounds solubility acid separated amine regenerated making aqueous solution alkaline sec comparable situation carboxylic acids study organic chemistry devoted considerable spatial arrangement atoms groups attached carbon atoms stereochemistry carbon let look briefly stereochemistry nitrogen amines simply ammonia hydrogen atoms replaced organic groups
low reactivity aryl vinyl halides displacement stabilites alkenes dienes secs attributed factors delocalization electrons resonance differences bond energies due differences hybridization carbon let look resonance interpretation chlorobenzene considered hybrid kekule structures ii structures iii iv chlorine joined carbon double bond iii iv chlorine bears positive charge ortho para positions ring bear negative charge similar vinyl chloride considered hybrid structure vi draw structure vii chlorine joined carbon double bond vii chlorine bears positive charge bears negative charge aryl vinyl halides considered structures exactly analogous contribution iii iv vii stabilizes chlorobenzene vinyl chloride molecules double bond character carbon chlorine bond carbon chlorine held single pair electrons carbon chlorine bond stronger pure single bond low reactivity halides nucleophilic substitution due partly resonance stabilization halides factor case stabilize transition extent stabilization increases act displacement slows reaction aryl halides factor important stabilization molecule resonance involving kekule structures
seen importance organic synthesis formation carbon carbon bonds enables big molecules process key role played negatively charged carbon nucleophilic carbon attacks carbon holding leaving group alkyl halides sulfonates carbonyl acyl carbon nucleophilic substitution nucleophilic addition carbon carbon bond formed nucleophilic carbon general kinds carbanion groups organometallic compounds generated reaction organic halide metal grignard organocadmium reagents lithium dialkylcopper reagents house synthesis hydrocarbons organozinc compounds intermediates reformatsky reaction nearly full carbanions generated abstraction hydrogens base aldol claisen condensations relatives difference kinds carbon degree kind interaction depending metal solvent electropositive ions sodium potassium lithium anion carbonyl compounds intermediates called organometallic compounds bonding simply ionic say grignard reagent chapter continue study carbanion chemistry emphasis attachment alkyl groups carbons carbonyl acyl compounds alkylation reactions owe importance special nature carbonyl group ways carbonyl group makes hydrogens acidic alkylation place products obtained carbonyl group highly reactive ideal intermediates molecule building
important polysaccharides cellulose starch produced plants carbon dioxide water process photosynthesis happens glucose units cellulose chief structural material plants giving plants rigidity form widespread organic material known starch makes reserve food supply plants occurs chiefly seeds water soluble cellulose easily hydrolyzed readily digested cellulose starch course enormously important generally speaking plant cellulose structural properties wood houses cotton rayon clothing paper communication packaging starch food potatoes corn wheat rice cassava starch occurs granules size shape characteristic plant starch obtained intact starch granules insoluble cold water outer membrane broken grinding granules swell cold water form gel intact granule treated warm water soluble portion starch diffuses granule wall hot water granules swell extent burst general starch water soluble fraction called amylose water insoluble fraction called amylopectin fractions correspond carbohydrates high molecular weight formula treatment acid influence enzymes components starch hydrolyzed progressively dextrin mixture low molecular weight polysaccharides maltose finally glucose
ray diffraction patterns characteristic alpha beta type proteins kind collagen protein tendon skin primary level collagen characterized high proportion proline hydroxyproline residues frequent repetitions sequence gly pro hypro pyrrolidine ring proline hydroxyproline affect secondary structure ways amido nitrogen carries hydrogen hydrogen bonding flatness ring conjunction flatness amide group prevents extension peptide chain beta arrangement interferes compact coiling alpha helix structure collagen combines helical nature alpha type proteins inter chain hydrogen bonding beta type proteins peptide chains form left handed helix twisted form strand handed superhelix small glycine residue position chain makes room bulky pyrrolidine rings chains chains held strongly hydrogen bonding glycine residues groups hydroxproline collagen boiled water converted familiar water soluble protein gelatin cooled solution revert collagen sets gel gelatin molecular weight collagen evidently treatment separates strands helix breaking inter chain hydrogen bonds replacing hydrogen bonds water molecules turning insoluble fibrous proteins soluble globular proteins hemoglobin insulin gamma globulin egg albumin find matter secondary structure complex
petroleum fuel reserve draw energy lasts burn heat produced directly warm convert kinds energy mechanical energy move things electrical energy transformed convenient place original burning happened light mechanical energy heat energy bodies need warm move build tissue comes food reserve carbohydrates chiefly form starch eat animals ultimately chain goes carbohydrate eater final analysis energy food petroleum oxidize carbon dioxide water food reserve limited steadily deplete store carbohydrates oxygen constantly replenished recombining plants carbon dioxide water energy recombination comes course sun speak petroleum carbohydrates sources energy speak energy rich molecules oxygen consumed oxidation equally source energy mean energy content carbohydrates petroleum oxygen greater carbon dioxide water total bonds broken weaker energy bonds formed reactants course energy rich relation products want convert sufficient kind sources energy
building blocks physics physical quantities express laws physics length mass force velocity density resistivity temperature luminous intensity magnetic field strength words length force part everyday vocabulary say length satisfy force physics define words associate physical quantities force length clearly precisely confuse everyday meanings precise scientific definitions length force connection words quoted sentence say defined physical quantity mass laid set procedures recipe measuring quantity assigning unit kilogram set standard procedures arbitrary define kilogram want important thing define practical obtain international acceptance definition physical quantities problem organize independent simple speed ratio length select physical quantities small number choose call basic derived assign standards basic quantities
idea static method fact body action forces acceleration vector sum forces acting body course content law motion single force acting body produce acceleration acceleration apply force body equal magnitude oppositely directed practice seek body rest choose force unit force position measure forces pull earth standard body point unit force instrument commonly measure forces spring balance consists coiled spring pointer end thatmoves scale force exerted balance length spring body weighing hung spring spring stretches pull spring body equal magnitude opposite direction weight mark scale pointer labeled dn force similarly weights hung spring marks scale pointer case spring calibrated assume force exerted spring pointer stands position calibrated balance measure suitable unknown force merely pull earth body
confine attention forces vary position particle environment type force common physics examples gravitational forces bodies sun earth earth moon force exerted stretched spring body attached procedure determine motion particle subject force leads concepts kinetic energy development energy theorem central feature chapter chapter consider broader view energy embodied law conservation energy concept played major role development physics consider particle acted force simplest case force constant motion takes place straight line direction force situation define force particle product magnitude force distance particle moves write constant force acting particle act direction particle moves case define force particle product component force line motion distance body moves line infig constant force makes angle axis acts particle displacement axis
understand rotational kinetic energy eq simply sum ordinary translational kinetic energy parts body kind energy rotational kinetic energy simply convenient expressing kinetic energy rotating rigid body equations show rotational energy body angular speed depends mass body mass distributed axis rotation experiment suggested fig makes convincing figure shows identical aluminum shafts attached body mass lead mass close shaft quantities eq particles body small particles average farther shaft body flywheel farther larger values let twist handle shaft starting rest spinning measured angular speed experience need shaft shaft shaft fact body attached shaft label shafts confidence technique shaft equal kinetic energy imparted shaft experimental result shaft angular speed leads conclusion
question mean distance earth immediately arises newton eventually regard particle earth contributing gravitational attraction bodies daring assumption mass earth treated concentrated center section treat earth particle respect sun obvious treat earth particle respect apple located feet surface assumption falling body earth surface distance earth radius effective center attraction earth moon mi inverse square ratio distances agreement ratio accelerations moon apple newton words quoted answer pretty nearly newton publish conclusions full conceived basic ideas master principia apple earth problem mentioned real uncertainty radius earth needed parameter calculations finally newton general reluctance publish shy introspective abhorred controversy bertrand russell wrote encountered sort opposition galileo contend probable published line edmund halley halley comet fame virtually forced newton publish principia
basic fact gravitation masses exert forces think direct interaction mass particles wish point view called action distance particles interacting contact point view field concept regards mass particle modifying space setting gravitational field field acts mass particle exerting force gravitational attraction field plays intermediate role thinking forces mass particles according view separate parts problem determine field established distribution mass particles calculate force field exerts mass particle consider earth isolated mass body brought vicinity earth force exerted force definite direction magnitude point space direction radially center earth magnitude mg associate point earth vector acceleration body experience released point call gravitational field strength point question define gravitational field strength point gravitational force unit mass point calculate force field simply multiplying mass particle point
consider simple rubbing surfaces limit amount heat removed system amount put definite meaning phrases heat system system quantities charactaristic equilibrium system thermodynamic process system moves equilibrium interacting environment process give meaning heat identify heat transferred system system study processes energy involved performance flow heat subject matter thermodynamics fig consider general thermodynamic process definitely system environment figure draw closed surface surrounding system define system initial equilibrium environment external system interacts environment specific thermodynamic process process energy form heat system arrows representing form heat system arrows representing flow pierce surface enclosing system system reached final equilibrium environment external
carnot wrote scientifically theory heat engines published reflections motive power heat steam engine commonly industry carnot wrote spite labor sorts expended steam engine spite perfection brought theory advanced production motion steam engine accompanied circumstance notice circumstance passage caloric body temperature elevated lower motive power heat independent agents employed develop quantity determined solely temperature bodies final result transfer caloric occurs carnot directed attention facts difference temperature real source motive power transfer heat played significant role choice working substance theoretical importance carnot achievement remarkable recall mechanical equivalence heat conservation energy principle known later papers published posthumously clear carnot foreseen principle conservation energy accurate determination mechanical equivalent heat planned program research included important developments field investigators decades died cholera epidemic age leaving extend william thomson later lord kelvin modified carnot reasoning bring accord themechanical theory heat clausius successfully developed science thermodynamics
franklin electric charge thought continuous fluid idea purposes atomic theory matter shown fluids water air continuous atoms experiment shows electric fluid continuous integral multiples minimum electric charge fundamental charge give symbol magnitude physically existing charge matter origin written ne positive negative integer physical property charge exists discrete packets continuous amounts property quantized quantization basic modern quantum physics existence atoms particles electron proton mass quantized later learn properties prove quantized suitably examined atomic scale energy angular momentum quantum charge small graininess electricity show large scale experiments realize air breathe atoms ordinary volt watt light bulb elementary charges enter leave bulb exists today theory predicts quantization charge quantization mass existence fundamental particles protons electrons muons ons assuming quantization classical theory electromagnetism newtonian mechanics incomplete correctly describe behavior charge matter atomic scale
cyclotron operational ernest lawrence university california berkeley accelerates charged particles hydrogen nuclei protons heavy hydrogen nuclei deuterons high energies atom smashing experiments figure shows cyclotron operated university pittsburgh conventional cyclotrons type longer discuss reasons provide excellent framework discuss action magnetic electric fields charged particles cyclotron led production generations improved accelerators proton synchrotron later devices provide opportunities studying interactions charged particles magnetic electric fields course primary purpose ion source center cyclotron molecules deutrium heavy hydrogen bombarded electrons energy high say ev positive ions formed collisions ions free deuterons enter cyclotron proper small hole wall ion source accelerated cyclotron modest potential difference accelerating say requires ion pass potential difference number times reach mev accelerating potential requires passages magnetic field bend ions pass accelerating potential figure top view part cyclotron inside vacuum tank marked fig
lenz law refers induced currents means applies closed conducting circuits circuit open think terms happen closed find direction induced emf consider faraday experiments section figure shows north pole magnet cross section nearby conducting loop push magnet loop loop magnet induced current set loop direction current loop sets magnetic field distant points magnetic dipole face loop north pole opposite face south pole north pole bar magnets face lines emerge lenz law predicts loop fig oppose motion magnet face loop magnet north pole north poles current loop magnet repel hand rule shows magnetic field set loop emerge face loop induced current shown current counterclockwise sight magnet loop push magnet loop loop magnet induced current appears terms lenz law pushing change produces induced current according law induced current oppose push
figure idealized sketch lines earth magnetic field surface approximation represent field imagining strong bar magnet located center earth fig note earth magnetic axis rotational axis rr coincide separated magnetic pole northern hemisphere arctic canada note south magnetic pole lines converge fig north magnetic pole southern hemisphere antarctica lines emerge course bar magnet buried center earth earth magnetism related facts central core earth radius earth radius liquid highly conducting partakes earth rotation dynamo effect involving circulating currents earth core mechanism fully understood certainly operating planets solar system mercury jupiter magnetic fields sun stars magnetic field galaxy family stars plane symmetry defined milky galactic magnetic field weak pt average effects important extends large distances simple tools exploring earth magnetic field compass needle dip needle gravitationally balanced magnetized needle axis rotation horizontal vertical
unit cell sodium chloride sodium ions clorine ions fig sodium ion center belongs entirely cell shown twelve sodium ions shown shared adjacent unit cells contributes fourth ion cell consideration total number sodium ions similar reasoning show fourteen chlorine ions fig unit cell shown unit cell fundamental repetitive diffracting unit crystal slit adjacent opaque strip optical diffraction grating fig figure shows plane sodium chloride crystal unit cell intersected plane represented small cube fig results imagine figures extended indefinitely dimensions let treat small cube fig elementary diffracting center slit optical grating directions intensities diffracted ray beams emerge sodium chloride crystal ray wavelength orientation incident beam determined geometry dimensional lattice diffracting centers exactly directions intensities diffracted beams emerge optical grating wavelength orientation incident beam determined geometry grating grating spacing
prout suggested elements hydrogen evidence fact atomic weights elements nearly integer multiples hydrogen discovery electron thomson level sophistication increased greatly thomson proposed plum pudding model positive charge atom thought spread atom sphere radius electrons located plums pudding ernest rutherford showed inconsistency particle scattering experiments geiger marsden thomson atom proposed nuclear model atom basis present theories positive charge confined nucleus small sphere radius electrons circulate nucleus volume order magnitude thomson sphere investigation hydrogen spectrum led niels bohr postulate circular orbits electrons quantized angular momentum integral multiples basic present bohr atom detail bohr atom deficient details illustrates ideas quantization simpler mathematical framework classical physics proceeding point wavemechanical atom subsequently replaced bohr atom point sections models nucleus retaining basic assumptions rutherford highly refined assume presence subnuclear particles move nucleus
observe moon traveling earth means sunlight reflects direction light transfers linear momentum object reflected principle reflected light disturb course moon orbit thought shows disturbing effect negligible case electrons situation hope electron reflect light particle case recoil electron experiences light photon bounces completely alters electron motion avoided corrected surprising probability curve fig detailed information hope obtain measurement distribution negative charge hydrogen atom orbits envisaged bohr existed broken completely attempts verify existence circumstances prefer say probability function orbits represents physical reality fact describe motions electrons classical finds expression uncertainty principle enunciated werner heisenberg formulate principle consider beam monoenergetic electrons speed moving left fig let set task measuring position electron vertical direction velocity component direction succeed carrying measurements unlimited accuracy claim established position motion electron component precision
scarce higher economic exchange price economized scarce economic price free economized need serve need choose conserve purpose desert wanderings stumble oasis find bubbling spring big lake suddenly water free drink wash face hands water donkey splash lake splash water donkey fun economizes conserves limits free goods suppose happy splashing lake comes offers sell drink water buy obviously pay penny hundred gallons mean water obviously means water additional water bring marginal utility additional satisfaction true things free maybe depends amount limited re important concept economics basic idea price willing pay determined total usefulness
math powerful tool economics advanced algebra geometry calculus permit economists express analyze economic variables precise ways essential tools advanced economic analysis going ph economist certainly goingto need need economics learned understood math book learn basic principles integrated ways thinking things working words examples understand relate working highly mathematical techniques beginning economics students efficient effective medium communication principles principles nature complex solid rigorous treatment economic principles highly mathematical dry heavy frightening fear learning economic principles facility math find translating principles mathematical terms mind decide major economics eventually need math math need depends specialties economics choose plan heartened fact major economics math need sense advanced economics courses students find exciting ways math help fathom economic problem
going produce things spend resources making choose put effort building houses growing food kind food grain beef erect monuments ancestors paint beautiful pictures beautiful music write books produce military tanks farm tractors automobiles trucks automobiles big cars cars school buildings hospitals list products endless choices society question thousands millions things scarce resources produce things produce quantities things canned mud mississippi things breads assigned higher priority choices easy question produce answered resources making chosen products produced combinations inputs roads paved straw wood chips boards gravel leather bricks concrete asphalt steel copper gold economics books think ridiculous examples yes illustrates fact produced ways decided resources produce things materials sources power production methods power electricity steam draft animals internal combustion engines human labor wind water sunshine want steam wood coal oil gas nuclear energy buffalo chips
factors production effort manpower exert labor labor factor production father sells labor business exchange income labor grow corn tomatoes backyard field market directed economy free sell labor chooses owns labor sell highest bidder rest labor produce labor factors production factor labor required input kind production think wages payments receive sell labor wage rate price unit labor kinds labor kinds sell low prices sell high prices doctors lawyers sell highly skilled labor receive high wages efforts unskilled mill workers migrant farm workers valued highly labor sells lower price wage rate selling labor energies efforts labor markets factor production land labor land exactly think actually think lot order simplify things limit number factors production economists consider land include natural resources free gifts nature
equilibrium market price price exist free market price quantity supplied equals quantity demanded seller selling wants sell price buyer buying wants buy price completely happy equilibrium price buyers eggs cheaper sellers higher prices equilibrium market price shortage surplus supply demand remain equilibrium market price dozen equilibrium quantity flow carloads week continue indefinitely suppose market process working perfectly society making choices price mechanism prices equilibrium amounts goods flowing markets sellers buyers surpluses shortages picture model situation general equilibrium situation carefully conserving scarce expensive highest priced things rationing function price demand curve product shows producers working produce scarce wanted highest priced things production motivating function price supply curve product shows rewarded receive income according market sell reward depends price product services labor land capital
product prices falling wages labor prices falling unemployed workers surplus labor willing lower wages wages dollar buy labor cost producing products goes profit opportunities businesses hire labor soon unemployment problem solved price working help rid surpluses unemployment interest rate businesses borrow money need build factories buy machines equipment raw materials stock shelves inventories business booming trying expand trying borrow money money market tight interest rates high course suppose economy depressed businesses trying borrow money market easy interest rates low economy slows interest rates easy money businesses expand low interest cost induces borrow expand helps bring prosperity easy depression correcting model pure market system soon surpluses unemployment begin automatic price adjustments play begin solve problem price adjustments thing problem solved neat wouldn believe don believe real real market tendencies exist tendencies try real model says
economist paul samuelson worked measure calls net economic welfare william nordhaus james tobin yale university worked system call mew measure economic welfare don generally accepted national accounting system measures economic welfare maybe someday don forget gnp accounts certainly don later book discussion question things free measuring economic welfare going tough task stop think clean air refreshing surroundings lots weather sunshine important welfare goods buy gnp measure welfare gnp measure speed economy running precisely accurate measure pretty tell economy clicking slowing lot table shows national income product figures united states past decades depression sure big boom war ii economic expansion sure word warning increase table represents rising prices rising outputs rid rising prices illusion find output increased
spend things money spend spend mystery suppose economy depressed unemployed reason business picks unemployed hired unemployed buildings rented idle factories start producing things happens guess unemployed workers factory owners start earning incomes suppose happen total level consumer spending think buy tv sets movie tickets frozen lobster tails sorts things course consumer spending reflects incomes economists idea idea income getting spending consumer goods call consumption function consumption function consumption meaning case spending consumer goods function meaning depends determined size incomes higher incomes higher spending consumer goods idea consumption function makes sense individual makes sense total economy national income larger happens consumer spending larger course consumer spending reflects expectations concerned economic future spend save save think going lose jobs think union going call strike expect teenagers need money help college
standing receiving income spending question receive spend spending equals receipts amount income receiving equal amount spending buy output services course receiving money going spending amount receiving necessarily point total income receiving obviously equal total amount spent generate income amount receiving income necessarily amount going turn spend say total amount money receiving today necessarily equal total amount money going spending tomorrow key dilemma amount spent today equal amount received today savings withdrawals today equal investment injections today injector spender receiver course obvious today thing obvious total spending injections exactly offset total withdrawals im moment spending equals receipts course total withdrawals equal total injections withdrawals injections unequal compare today injections tomorrow withdrawals today withdrawals tomorrow injections
fed decides lower discount rate picture suppose discount rate percent fed lowers percent uncle bank calls offers uncle percent loan uncle borrows money orders machine seafood packing houses soon baltimore plant working shifts waiting lists delayed deliveries economy turns turns fast look going upper michigan wisconsin minnesota iron steel companies borrowed money building pelletizing plants lower discount rate eased money businesses taking advantage lower rate interest re buying building capital thinking past months maybe poised ready multiplier effect investment spending beginning set consumer spending boom soon worrying opposite problem shortages inflation easy lowering discount rate makes money easier borrow lowers interest rates lower rate fed discount window pushes interest rates nook cranny economic system corporations borrowing money selling bonds don pay high interest buy bonds makes expansion cheaper sell bonds expand lower rates reflected entire money market fed offers loans banks lower discount rate money easier borrow lower cost
government debt think think wish question think debt general surely wish mortgage house owe money bet wish debt suppose owes money want debt wished savings account checking account bank savings loan owes money debt suddenly wished huh mortgage debt house wished savings account savings loan lent money wished look sides maybe debt bad thing debt house thing think wouldn agreed create borrowed savings loan company think thing wouldn agreed create wouldn lent money sold house thought debt thing enabled buy house wouldn able buy house borrow money create debt sure things considered guess mortgage debt house goodthing money country debt exactly
phillips curve illustrates concept predict unemployment rates inflation rates suggest curve high approaches monetary fiscal policy called unemployment rate inflation rate high cutting total spending curb inflation bring disastrous depression increasing total spending overcome unemployment bring disastrous inflation phillips curve shifted stabilization dilemma economic theorist tools economic adjustment stabilization pushed policymakers resort approach american pragmatism takes aims directly visible conditions unemployment inflation goes direct controls established try stop increases wages prices direct action create jobs unemployment happened yes president nixon later president carter august trying stop inflation tight money policy repeatedly vowing impose direct controls wages prices president nixon imposed direct controls wages prices waiting tight money show working reluctantly concluded choice impose direct controls domestic economic problems compounded international financial crisis dollar reading later decided drastic
book reading economic systems chapter entirely concerned economic systems studying microeconomics macroeconomics concerned market directed economic system works concepts principles economics applied individual business society concepts principles applied society re talking economic system put works society economic system makes lot difference functions lot live chapter read processes economic systems social process tradition political process government market process price mechanism read real economic systems market directed real economies mixed capitalism planned non market directed economies communist countries society economic system fed housed clothed economic system society economic choices carried economic system organizes directs natural resources factories machines equipment operate manage factories machines equipment involved production part economic system basic economic questions answered decides goods services going produced kinds goods services consumers
nikita krushchev soviet union highest capita gnp growth trends continued didn soviet economy advanced half pace achieved krushchev target reached future science planning administration improved ussr overcome inefficiencies growth speeded plan outputs consumer goods workers want buy things planners decide produce maybe maybe anyway easy look ussr problems trying operate massive thing modern economic system political process economic planning resource administration republic china tightly controlled economy planned top ussr respect economic systems alike lots differences countries ussr classed highly developed countries china ranked ldcs strong ideological differences differences directions aim ways point view economic system countries similar political process economic planning resource administration game china certainly thing ldc needs strong gutsy government government successful transforming traditional
hundred market process succeeded ripping social control mechanisms society stable alive thousands quickly broke past quickly generated modern market process pushed offstage short brilliant performance entirely extent yes past market process performed functions decisions carried decisions changed market process carry decisions didn decisions political process course past centuries market process control truly master mechanism social choice market process broken harness forced role servant carry deliberate choices political process society economic problem broken production distribution questions breaking society economic problem making choices carrying choices maybe important separate functions process political process decisions process market process carry decisions course happening societies traditional capitalism market process charge decision making implementation functions non market communist economies political process decide carry economic choices happening recently
speaker seeks achieve purpose satisfy desire rarest instances speak accident whimsy speak achieve purpose attain goal purpose simple wish sociable befriend stranger extreme seek alter listeners cherished values move course action fraught uncertainties dangers purpose reinforce existing attitude reduce dissonance heighten saliency issue wish provide entertainment call attention problem test idea refute assertion ward threat establish maintain status achieve number similar ends communicative behaviors primarily defensive aggressive threatening case communicate consciously unconsciously end seek achieve desire wish fulfill speaking situation speaker knowledge subject mastery communication skills determines important characteristics message effectiveness transmitted era society overflows facts informative reports governmental edicts vigorous public debates books magazines television specials pamphlets mass mailed computerized letters door door campaigners billboards posters public speakers ordered digested tremendous range information ideas undertaking speak speaker surface knowledge subject matter ideas undernourished listeners feel cheated broad knowledge subject speaker select systematically present portion topic relevant audience needs expectations
personality values aims speaker physical surroundings social context speech act occurs channels transmitted influence content structure style message message framed communicated alters fails alter listeners beliefs behavior confirms attitudes speaker message listeners responses fed speaker influence subsequent portions message presented physical setting social context addition influencing content message transmitted influence language style content couched speaker ideas received listener nature channel turn limits kind message transmitted determines range auditory visual stimuli speaker utilize affects listeners expectations patterns response behavior numerous intricate patterns interaction rendered complex fact speech transaction discrete unit thought action bounded definite beginning ending antecedents stretch indefinite past consequences reach indefinite future speaker says chooses say influenced demands speaking situation accumulation personal growth conditioning knowledge acquired judgments formed attitudes shaped speech skills habits learned background knowledge attitudes listening skills listeners bring speech encounter likewise result process conditioning
important contribution course providing real experience opportunity practice listening critical listening skills developed ways classroom practice speeches students taking part post speech discussions listen critically discussions lectures oral presentations student teacher exchanges classes identifying effective ineffective communicative techniques employed variety contexts effort hear speakers class community observing carefully successes failures analyzing meet reactions read sample speeches book taking systematically order isolate communicative cues facilitated comprehension positive evaluation undoubtedly informed listener studied book engaged series classroom speaking assignments start proficient listener speech evaluation form page checklist listening concerns depending assignment nature audience demands occasion checkpoints form significant applicable form general guide later concentrate aspects relevant specific speech assignment participate regularly post speech evaluations early classroom speaking assignments hesitate provide direct feedback classmates pointing worked didn clear remained cloudy constructive classroom criticism positive negative supportive
move stand set nonverbal cues audience bodily movement includes shifts spot delivery speech posture refers relative relaxation rigidity body stance erect slightly bent forward backward slumping purposive bodily movements real sense communicate ideas audience speaker stands stiffly erectly uttering word saying formal occasion tense afraid audience speaker leans forward physically reaching audience saying silently eloquently interested want understand accept ideas sitting casually front edge table assuming relaxed posture communicate informality readiness engage dialogue listeners bodily movements postural adjustments function regulate communication public speaker instance move end table change topic accomplish purpose simply changing posture times move audience making especially important point case body signal audience making change transition subject matter speech dealing matter special concern equally important point remember posture bodily movements aimless continuous pacing distracting
animated conversation jabber words minute rate especially characteristic persons raised north midwest southwest west words tumble mouth informal conversational situations intelligible distance travel short large auditoriums outdoors rapid delivery impede intelligibility echoes distort destroy sounds rooms outdoor situations words drift vanish open air addressing larger audiences slow average minute obviously timing speaking rate remind potential rate problems rise speak certainly feedback instructors classmates regarding perceptions speaking rate say course speak rapidly undoubtedly temperamentally excitable persons tend talk rapidly certainly situations quickened delivery help stir intensify emotions auditors person talk emotion charged situations learn compensate rate increases adjust volume care enunciation sounds words enunciation refers crispness precision form words vocally lip lazy normal conversation tend slur sounds drop syllables words skip beginnings ends words careless enunciation inhibit communication intimate friends seriously undermine speaker intelligibility front audience
learn control voice control breathing processes control breath develop sensitivity physical processes involved breathing try exercises hands knees breathe mouth deep breaths notice inhale diaphragm stomach drops exhale diaphragm rises contracts expel air lungs keeping arms shoulders stiff breathe rapidly dizzy help develop sensitivity respiratory mechanism developing control basic muscles respiration humans don breathe fours standing upright ten deep breaths slowly feel rib cage expands inhalation contracts exhale notice slump forward relax shoulders drop chin chest feel interaction lungs rib cage deep breaths posture stand straight shoulders chin deep breaths notice air enters lungs quickly effort say hep hop hope hoop repeat putting pause word repeat exercise breath words try saying word loudly remember breath developing control muscles respiration repeatedly say entire alphabet breath slur pronunciation letters distinct pronunciation try
main point concerns object process number parts refers total composed items subpoints identify treat parts items grip shaft head parts discuss describing manufacture golf club number television stations england scotland ireland wales subtotals refer showing number television stations british isles increased main point suggests purpose mechanism organization procedure subordinate ideas list specific functions performs purpose municipal police department clear discussing responsibilities traffic control crime detection safety education main point states effects effect results number effects listed subordinate ideas crop failure enumerated drought frost blight effects high food prices deprivation riots speech designed influence belief subordinate ideas main point consist group separate related arguments successive steps single coordinated line reasoning case able relate subordinate ideas main point word main point true subordinate ideas true
outline sets structure speech material supporting structure skeleton finished talk phrasing ideas vivid compelling language making clear graceful transitions point separate task chapter consider principles underline effective words offer specific guidance selection arrangement order express meaning precisely choose words carefully tells hardware clerk broken doohickey hootenanny needs thingamajig fix expresses meaning vaguely vagueness greater orator proclaims follow path true americanism words merely symbols stand concepts objects represent listener attach symbol meaning intend democracy mean thing citizen united states citizen soviet union expensive meal college student moderate price wealthy mode travel fast painfully slow today persons things designated class alike frenchman differs frenchmen ford rusty shiny students general semantics continually warn errors thinking communication arise treating words actual conditions processes objects fixed timeless meaning
types imagery considered visual auditory gustatory olfactory tactual kinesthetic organic aptly referred victor ketcham doorways mind doorways speakers open words expect listeners understand believe speaking remember differ degree sensitive types imagery try build messages perceptual doorways doorways mind page employing imagery remember speak word listeners able receive large number detailed sensations simultaneously able job put images word pictures describe convincing story watched television familiar technique defense attorney takes floor deliberate voice begins let tell happened night question client ed smith returned home tired ready patch argument wife morning morning neighbors heard shouting wanted things wouldn leave walked find floor stunned dead screamed horror witnesses testified picked car hospital neighbor bob saw thinking ed killed wife rid body bob
interest attention closely related pay attention interests conversely pay attention period tends interesting frequently students begin required course convinced going bored course begins interest actually arouse point continue months investigate subject matter covered important thing speech capture attention audience place ensure listeners give message fair hearing speaker skillful message worthwhile interest grows talk proceeds attention purposes thought focusing element field result elements field fade dim practical purposes momentarily cease exist consider baseball fan sitting bleachers home team run ahead ninth inning visiting team bat bases loaded outs count pitcher wraps fingers ball winds curls slide corner plate umpire bawls strike re fan lean breath notice going dropped sack peanuts thrown hat neighbor thumping threatening clouds gathering horizon
motivational appeal visualization desire method satisfying assertion entity idea course action linked impulse human action motive suppose dating person decided evening declare love evening progressed thought going talk friend created movies head full pieces dramatic dialogue rehearsed speech suave casual stumbling fool find words looks actions move beloved person respond tears laughter flippantly seriously power visualization visualizing scenarios playacted speech variety motivational appeals fear rejection worth possibility mutual declarations love aggresiveness quiet appeals companionship process intrapersonal visualization assembled group motivational appeals potent move audience beloved organized appeals stories tell times visualizing courses action listener simply try attach motivational concepts directly concepts technically verbal process called attribution suppose shunned going church thought churches conformist authoritarian dominating repulsive destructive institutions night religious meeting preacher talked adventure living god based beauty god creation reverence feel living full endurance overcoming doubts
clearly mind specific claim fact policy wish gain acceptance ready begin gathering material organizing persuasive speech organization concerned important principle similar chapter informative speaking page cram ideas throats lead thoughts easily gradually conclusion desire speech planned isolation brought displayed audience prepared group listeners constantly mind constructed conform procedure follow arriving choices judgments organize talk foolish trying fit suit individuals vary extent research shown seek consistency balance cognitions confronted problem disturbs normal orientation look solution feel want need search satisfy short throws condition disorganization dissonance motivated adjust cognitions values alter behavior achieve balance ago philosopher john dewey drew fact develop description individuals confronted choice problem situation systematically think decision dewey begin simply recognizing specific lack disorientation constitutes problem hand examine problem determine nature scope implications
designated leader discussion course possess skills reviewed sensitivities habits mind noted earlier addition formal responsibilites leaders responsible building circulating agenda list topics questions meeting sure input group members construct check agenda suitability beginning meeting called offer introductory remarks involve merely stating question discussed stressing importance deliver full blown speech especially cases group members need complete orientation problem question case offer introduction purpose point taking group prudent maintaining impartiality finish introduction open call start actual discussion need prod calling person say item offering provocative comment sure stimulate discussion simply waiting starts opening discussion occasionally difficult persist begin tendency group stray central issues stay point greatly diminished leader alert nature direction discussion
tell bunch garbage beginning created plastic bag tin aluminum cellophane wrapper paper plate disposable bottle automobile buy food place save eat refrigerator throw soon earth covered plastic bags tin aluminum cans paper plates disposable bottles sit walk shook head cried look awful mess words written art buchwald humorous today ago eve ate apple plagued problem core sweeping rug answer soon rug lumpy smelly thought maybe wash sink soon sink clogged rug sink handy threw alongside highway look garbage keeps coming fifty ago average american threw half pounds garbage today create pounds trash projected environmental protection agency considering waste country dispose fifty pounds refuse person
feel award agony sweat human spirit glory profit create materials human spirit exist award mine trust difficult find dedication money part commensurate purpose significance origin acclaim moment pinnacle listened young women dedicated anguish travail stand standing tragedy today general universal physical fear sustained bear longer problems spirit question blown young woman writing today forgotten problems human heart conflict writing worth writing worth agony sweat learn teach basest things afraid teaching forget forever leaving room workshop verities truths heart universal truths lacking story ephemeral doomed love honor pity pride compassion sacrifice labors curse
examples sociology looks facades social structures serve argument clearer instance political organization community wants find modern american city governed easy official information subject city charter operating laws advice informed individuals look statutes define constitution city find community city manager form administration party affiliations ballot municipal elections city government participates regional water district similar fashion help newspaper reading find officially recognized political problems community read city plans annex suburban area change zoning ordinances facilitate industrial development area members city council accused office personal gain matters occur visible official public level political exceedingly naive person believe kind information rounded picture political reality community sociologist want constituency informal power structure called floyd hunter american sociologist interested studies configuration power found statutes read newspapers
tendency group granted superiority culture called ethnocentrism societies believe values behavior patterns societies strange immoral things differently judged central eskimo custom wife exchange occurred circumstances highly immoral eskimo judged phenomenon organized warfare highly ridiculous society tend judge societies terms norms values prevailing society act constitutes hospitality society constitutes adultery nation society defines social political reality majority members truth political cultural sense extremely variable utterance considered biblical united states considered drivel capitalist warmongers russia course contributing factor international tensions war wars fought issue mormon polygyny nation feels institutions superior preserved possibly extended concept ethnocentrism related concept cultural relativity characteristics culture fruitfully evaluated context culture mean values unimportant exist values conceptions desirable created transmitted changed human beings daily behavior decisions based underlying values willing pay price clean environment depends amount pay clean environment worth
region exclusively carnivorous bear biggest prize bear biggest prize decided bear crown creation impossible fell bear anarvik shivering lust hunt ernenek knelt let set dogs finish quickly anarvik shook head kill dogs spare ernenek bear usual proven fashion circling sniffing bear slowly moving closer flint knife anarvik carved splint whale rib bow sharpened ends coiled splint hand released suddenly test resilience pulled chunk blubber warming clothes stomach kneaded blubber ball swiftly freeze pressed tightly coiled whalebone splint blubber ball hardened instantly ice began moving forward fours bear withdrew growling jumps throwing shaggy hindquarters leering shoulder anarvik stopped called motions cooing sounds bear returned tentatively half circle anarvik sparse mustache quivered rolled spring bait forcefully thin blanket snow yellow ball halt paces bear puzzled approached cautiously stretching nose forward whimpering uncertainty hunger told eat instinct deeper mysterious told distrust beings frighteningly purposeful
designed prisons solitude meditation prevailing theory wicked things devil invaded contemplation sins penitent innocent institutions penitence called penitentiaries prisoners forbidden speak saw jailers europeans studying country reported institution adopted de tocqueville dickens observed penitentiaries produced insanity late observed country farms law abiding moved impoverished industrial cities criminals thought connection environment crime prisons counteract bad environment impact freud psychology complicated view human behavior adding physical environment emotional history individual prison opportunity change environment place give prisoner accurate view control conflicts resolved punishment treatment purpose protecting society keeping criminal locked goal protecting society trying condition peaceful return community continuing confusion explain survival irrationalities prison industries decisions parole boards inside federal prisons independent corporation called federal prison industries board directors executives private corporations serve pay maintains shops factories federal institutions employs cent federal prisoners
eye contact verbal contact reflect concern individuation absence avoidance depersonalization data presented justice rich daily encounters grew matters depersonalization avoidance records patients beaten staff sin initiated verbal contact experience patient beaten presence patients approached attendant told occasionally punishment meted patients misdemeanors excessive justified radical interpretations psychiatric canon appeared unquestioned tempers short patient heard call medication roundly excoriated morning attendants wake patients bed anecdotal hard data convey overwhelming sense powerlessness invades individual continually exposed depersonalization psychiatric hospital matters psychiatric hospital excellent public plush private hospital rural shabby regard features psychiatric hospitals common overwhelmed apparent differences powerlessness evident patient deprived legal rights dint psychiatric commitment shorn credibility virtue psychiatric label freedom movement restricted initiate contact staff respond overtures personal privacy minimal patient quarters possessions entered examined staff member reason
wish follow fashions initiate general follow golden mean behavior quietly sure behave annual leave rule behavior government clearly related sustenance tenure boss getting embarrassed single important standard competence federal official runs interference effectively anticipate obviate impertinent urgent obvious demands boss boss press public congress treasured rewarded pervasive desideratum civil servant distinction line staff activiies thin artificial face primary function hierarchy protection tenure protection superior tenure fulfillment assigned responsibilities obvious exceptions rule edgar hoover elements department defense physicians priests respond higher authority unwritten rule federal behavior sure appropriated funds spent end fiscal paper stuffs orifices executive desks justification requests money money returned justifications apporoved imply requester supervisor congress improvident demands taxpayer money bum asking handout cup coffee passerby offers quarter bum returns saying coffee dime schmuck
twenty ago robert merton applied notion functional analysis explain continuing maligned existence urban political machine continued exist fulfilled latent unintended unrecognized positive functions clearly merton pointed political machine provided central authority things decentralized local government act services impersonal bureaucracy fearful citizens offered concrete help abstract law justice poor performed services needed demanded considered unconventional illegal formal public agencies today poverty maligned political machine persistent social phenomenon merit applying functional analysis poverty asking positive functions explain persistence merton defined functions observed consequences phenomenon adaptation adjustment social system slightly definition identifying functions entire social system identify interest groups socioeconomic classes population aggregates shared values inhabit social system suspect modern heterogeneous society phenomena functional dysfunctional society result benefits groups costs phenomena indispensable instances suggest merton calls functional alternatives equivalents social patterns policies achieve positive functions avoid dysfunctions associating poverty positive functions glance unimaginable
significant subsidy corporate elite billion spent federal government research development quarters national security area military space atomic energy single washington allocates function single revolution war ii private capitalist rewarded half dozen ways investing money earn profit rnd government contract takes title patent permitted apply technology civilian products charge negligible fee took tens billions dollars federal research instance develop technology private utilities nuclear power plants atnt communication satellites government spent dollar spent boeing ill fated supersonic transport sst congress decided continue sst boeing garnered profit boeing benefited research rnd paid pentagon develop jet tanker boeing manufacture highly successful civilian plan technology sabreliners researched manufactured north american aviation pentagon produce twin jet passenger ifr sabreliner private market countless items pioneered public expense transistors alkalis earth moving equipment infrared detection devices medical monitoring instruments produced commercially profit private entrepreneurs pay government bonanza
crux marxist criticism mills elite class interpretation power elite consists corporate military single ruling class refuted notion mills class theorist power turn attention complaint mills elite pluralist knowing regarding complete dominance corporate wealth small capitalist propertied class recognizing mills stress force sheer economic power capitalist system illogical expect jump introduce governmental military elites equals power structure unmistakable clues mills rejection pluralism top stress interchangeability elite personnel coincidence interests dominant institutions issue leading institutional areas corporation military let examine mills conception corporate linkages mills unequivocal regarding domination corporate interests american government simple structural fact committee ruling class obviously corporate capitalism survive white collar mills follows marxist position recipient power interests independent force short politics rarely autonomous force anchored economic sphere political means gain secure limited economic ends interest seldom interest political ends seldom involved material profits losses
environmental hypothesis wrong shown wrong society develop abilities begin prenatal care eliminate experience economic deprivation ghettoized living elitist schools businesses lacking definitive scientific evidence human potentialities social policy based moral considerations base policy generous promising assumptions human nature niggardly pessimistic assume capable liberal assumptions conservative assumptions human nature create fulfilling prophesies create millions think failures social rejects sense frustration despair travesty potentialities affluent nation poor teaching protected american educational system assumption child ability american environmentalist commitment liberal totalitarian goals aim creating ability increasing intelligence developing interests meaning education need broader merely institutional schooling include community responsibility especially business mass media supplement school americans receive equal educational opportunity requires social planning public responsibility americans previously willing undertake american institutions including schools base policy largely conservative ideology outlook resists change condemns inferiority ideological rigididty exclusive united states fact nations rigid expanding wealth produced modern technology beginning encourage united states demand share force violence
drawn temple underwent process similar form cults moonies children god dr hardat chief psychiatry college medicine dentistry jersey student therapist cult techniques jones found interviews survivors park hotel creation group identity eliminates individual identity isolation family friends jungle human society exhaustion repetition extreme pervasive threats humiliation members turned money property jewelry passports identification personal photos publicly laughed letters written jonestown residents mailed delivered soon arrived told leave hard hot days days week extremely evening meetings short nights crowded private sleep willing accept told jones adept inventing threats read mind private thoughts known extensive camp discipline system roughly member security force access camp arsenal beatings group seniors canes group karate experts relatives water torture sensory deprivation chamber extended care unit incorrigibles heavily drugged sentences public service unit hard labor crew stigmatized reddish orange hats
impression rides airports metropolitan areas grim appearance cemeteries slums causeway lake airport chicago magnificent attractions give visitors greeting forget frankly thought slum problem exactly denying truth king observation commended feeling compassion downtrodden visitor city impossible reach downtown chicago direction lake passing slums maybe cemeteries due poor urban planning ago laid city slums quiet corner avoid looking live accustomed dismal sight notice slums happens burn causing gapers block expressway irritating consider distasteful eyesore visiting tourist conventioner businessman arrives sleek jet happily eating drinking pillow plumped sweet young thing jauntily steps cab limousine bus sets suddenly sees cemetery side expressway averts eyes wanting reminded frailty human flesh recovers grim sight thrust midst miserable tenements ugly public housing happy kill joys
today estimate failure rate percent correct rural communes existing america apex shun commune label fact number exceeds number communes formed entire previous history nation perilous conclude movement dead groups formed banner communities movement magazine called communities founded merger competing antecedents publishing regularly today number signs meaningful intercommunal network communication economic exchange finally hold signs communities movement plateau engaged holding pattern weakening land movement continues gain momentum communities publishing midget sophisticated popular ground colleagues mother earth news earth catalog counterculture giants grew commune movement key success servicing land movements general phased coverage communes according count spiritual community guide north america spiritual groups united states traveling circuit knows underestimation percent permanent rural settlements suggesting addition overtaking secular commune movement absolute numbers spiritualists shifted important locale cities
course orwell novels finally happen orwell believe west form believe resembling arise book published believe totalitarian ideas root minds intellectuals tried draw ideas logical consequences scene book laid britain order emphasize english speaking races innately totalitarianism fought triumph today fight totalitarianism america scaled national obsession concern limited number specialists features totalitarianism growing trends continue pass tyranny totalitarianism overtakes west trends suddenly quicken prospect distressing sooner think facts suggest number types events bring abrupt appearance type government development sudden appearance terrorist groups armed atomic weapons terrorists atomic weapons massive reshuffling social priorities simply issued clearly credible threat nuclear attack governments drastic steps stop minimze damage governmental action inevitably result curtailment individual rights willingly agree give rights shown willingness airline passengers waive rights face real imagined threat terrorists
turn attention relationship technology ecological crisis institutions dealing crisis difficult optimistic western institutions built attitude nature adversary tamed dominated spread attitude undoubtedly key factor phenomenal growth development west past centuries ironically reached juncture persistence attitude threatens survival institutions operate nature bounty boundless hierarchy inequality alienating socially palatable promise material wealth adam smith famous dictum consumption sole end purpose production appears changed consumption sole end purpose hierarchy inequality boring jobs tolerated practically income buy things non material values sense community political participation clean safe neighborhoods tossed trade sense identity purpose goal left consumption understandably believe societies going creating increasing flow goods services ecological reasons economic growth halted drasitcally slowed political turmoil likely follow reasons domestic social stability unlikely politicians capable implementing significant measures avert ecological deterioration international plane existing institutional framework offers hope dealing successfully ecology problem suspicious hostile international environment nations ill afford limit technological change economic growth
importantly sociological perspective goes identifying patterns social behavior attempts provide explanations patterns focus sociology group central consideration sociologists content look individual fan personality unique reasons wanting meet al pacino jane fonda richard pryor recognize millions americans wish meet movie stars examine shared feelings behavior fans larger social context american culture attempting understand social behavior sociologists rely unusual type creative thinking wright mills thinking sociological imagination awareness relationship individual wider society awareness simply sociologists comprehend links personal social settings remote impersonal social surrounds helps shape key element sociological imagination ability view society outsider limited perspective personal experiences cultural biases simply accepting fact movie stars royalty american society ask critical sense case conceivably outsider unfamiliar united states wonder interested meeting outstanding scientists elementary school teachers architects textbook sociological imagination examine american society viewpoint respectful questioning outsiders chapter nature sociology science relationship social sciences explored contributions pioneering thinkers emile durkheim max weber karl marx development sociology evaluated
typical woman street sociologist interested central questions family falling crime united states americans feel rise big government issues concern academic training unlike typical citizen sociologist commitment scientific method studying society scientific method systematic organized series steps ensures maximum objectivity consistency researching problem actually conduct scientific research nonetheless important understand scientific method plays major role workings society americans constantly bombarded facts data television news report informs american marriages ends divorce chapter show assertion based misleading statistics daily advertisers cite supposedly scientific studies prove products superior claims accurate exaggerated evaluations information fooled easily familiar standards scientific research chapter scientific method stringent demands researchers adhere strictly basic principles key element scientific method planning sociologists wish learn human behavior simply walk door pick telephone begin asking questions scientific method demands precise preparation developing research investigator careful research data collects prove unacceptable purposes sociological study
returning home countries foreign students adjust native cultures woman tokyo studying private school massachusetts noted deeply missed mother friends missed japanese food customs added careless important japanese traditions forget bow meet find saying hi older considered rude brooks culture considers distinctive ways handling basic societal tasks natural fact methods education marital ceremonies religious doctrines aspects culture learned transmitted human interactions specific societies lifelong resident naples consider natural speak italian lifelong resident buenos aires feel spanish clearly shaped culture lives cultures ways encouraging enforcing view behavior discouraging punishing consider improper conduct put clean clothes dinner thou shalt kill examples norms found american culture respect older norm japanese culture norms established standards behavior expected culture order norm significant widely shared understood americans movies typically expect quiet film showing norm usher tell member audience stop talking loudly course application norm vary depending film type audience
school plays important role socialization process children chapter conflict theorists samuel bowles herbert gintis observed american schools foster competition built systems reward punishment grades teacher evaluations child working intently learn skill feel stupid unsuccessful matures children capable increasingly realistic assessments intellectual physical social abilities student subculture child enters formal schooling significant element socialization children quickly introduced older peers attitudes norms concerning authority learning influence everyday behavior extracurricular activities help students focus talents skills special interests constructive manner schools transmit norms values culture functionalists point agent socialization schools fulfill functional prerequisite teaching recruits conflict theorists concur observation add schools reinforce divisive aspects society especially social class american higher education costly despite existence financial aid programs students affluent backgrounds advantage gaining access universities professional training affluent youths receive preparation qualify society paying prestigious jobs televison critical force socialization american children parents allow television set child favorite playmate children society typically watch hours television remarkably ages average young person spends watching tube hours working school hours
poignant recurring message recent decades power pervasiveness large organizations statements fight city hall underscored frustrations despair lonely individual opposing towering structures government big business mock commercial telephone operator ernestine character created comedian lily tomlin proclaims don care don re phone company lives increasingly dominated large secondary groups form formal organizations designed specific purpose formal organization large scale special purpose group designed structured interests maximum efficiency bureaucratic form organization later chapter united states postal service boston pops orchestra college attend examples formal organizations society formal organizations fulfill infinite variety personal societal needs shape lives american fact formal organizations dominant force create organizations supervise organizations securities exchange commission sec federal regulatory agencies sounds exciting say live space age assert live age formal organizations accurate description azumi hage etzioni formal organizations existence large scale formal organizations emerged central governments complex theory formal organizations inevitable societies controlled irrigation networks egypt mesopotamia india china peru incas
extent person engage activity regarded proper improper individual depend frequency duration importance types social interaction experiences endorse deviant behavior promote acceptance social norms deviant behavior including criminal activity selected acquire sentiments favor violation norms likely engage norm defying behavior part group subculture stresses deviant values sutherland offers boy sociable outgoing athletic lives area high rate deliquency youth likely contact peers commit acts vandalism fail attend school introverted boy living neighborhood stay peers avoid deliquency community outgoing athletic boy join league team scout troop interactions peers sutherland views learning improper behavior result types groups belongs kinds friendships sutherland cressey according critics cultural transmission approach fails include impulsive shoplifter desperate parent steals feed children precise statement process criminal differential association direct attention paramount role social interaction encouraging deviant behavior cressey sutherland cressey concept techinques neutralization box illustrates criminal sentiments defined deviant individual justify conduct
psychologists attempted determine types likely prejudiced theodore adorno coworkers developed model prejudiced individual called authoritarian personality psychologists variety tests relied sample respondents ranging middle class professionals inmates san quentin prison questions raised sampling procedures study produced results basis study researchers claimed isolated basic characteristics authoritarian personality superstition toughness adherence convention obedience authority view authoritarian personality likely minorities scapegoat adorno al vander zanden scapegoat person group blames irrationally problems difficulties authoritarian personality express resentment control society individual environment looks target undeserved aggression commonly blacks jews minorities subject widespread prejudice personality factors important contributors prejudice structural factors consideration societies develop social norms dictate foods desirable forbidden racial ethnic groups favored despised social psychologist thomas pettigrew middleton collected data substantiated importance social norms encouraging discouraging prejudice pettigrew found whites south antiblack whites north whites united states prejudiced republic south africa personality account differences
describe traditional sex role patterns influential socialization american children male babies blue blankets females pink boys expected play trucks blocks toy soldiers girls dolls kitchen goods boys masculine active aggressive tough daring dominant girls feminine soft emotional sweet submissive adults course play critical role guiding children sex roles deemed society parents crucial agents socialization chapter adults older siblings mass media religious educational institutions noticeable impact child socialization feminine masculine norms psychologist shirley weitz identified mechanisms primarily responsible sex role socialization differential treatment identification let consider hypothetical differential treatment children adults ron louise twins show unusual interest science early age birthday ron chemistry sets telescopes microscopes louise despite asking similar gifts miniature dollhouses beautiful dresses dancing lessons junior high school teachers note ron love science encourage special projects help laboratory join science club louis encouragement fact teacher considers fascination astronomy strange girl twins high school ron known science whiz guidance counselor suggests attend college strong science program order achieve goal biologist
aging important aspect socialization lifelong process individual learns cultural norms values society interestingly saw chapter clear cut definitions periods aging cycle american society term age grades refers cultural categories identify stages biological maturation ambiguity found culture exactly age grades begin end reflects ambivalence approach aging process especially endpoint age typically regarded beginning corresponds retirement age american workers definition age universally accepted society spradley mccurdy age grades culturally biologically defined subject change aspects culture japanese traditionally defined age beginning age sixty birth called kanreki return calendar regarded childhood dependent mainly grown sons japanese culture changed dramatically twentieth century result industrial expansion nationwide surveys revealed japanese saw age beginning age figures corresponded ages eligible pension plans social programs aimed senior citizens maeda palmore problems aged focus specialized area research inquiry known gerontology gerontology scientific study sociological psychological aspects aging problems aged
religion provide societal glue religion buddhism christianity judaism ultimate values ends hold common subjective full accepted values ends help society function integrated social system christian ritual communion celebrates historical event jesus supper represents common participation unity communion believers similarly funeral rituals weddings bar bat mitzvahs confirmations serve integrate large communities providing shared beliefs values integrative function religion apparent traditional preindustrial societies cultures gathering crops exercise authority leaders relationships kinfolk artistic expression governed religious beliefs rituals complex industrial societies north america europe religion dominant force maintaining social cohesion societies bound patterns consumption laws nationalistic feelings forces course instances religious loyalties source tension conflict groups nations early settlers american colonies including pilgrims puritans left england experienced religious persecution war nazis attempted exterminate jewish approximately million europeans jews killed modern times nations lebanon muslims versus christians northern ireland roman catholics versus protestants india hindus versus muslims torn bitter clashes part based religion karl marx view religion serves fantasy encouraging project qualities powers desire divine figure
february alice warrick innocently picked copy minneapolis star encounter disturbing headline plan discharge radioactive wastes river opposed read learned northern states power company intended open nuclear power plant monticello minnesota futhermore company plans discharge radioactive wastes mississippi river site despite testimony college professors guarantee safety alice warrick minnesota residents deeply troubled newspaper account proposed plant upriver home st paul city drew part drinking water mississippi river investigated issue fear anger intensified subsequently played major role founding citizens environmental league special interest group opposed dumping pollutants mississippi league held series rallies demonstrate oppostion radioactive dumping alert public dangers practice placards prominently displayed proclaiming leukemia penny cheap nsp stop northern states pollution company table lists strategies citizens environmental league put pressure power company minnesota pollution control agency northern states power company retaliated set tactics evident table mounting pressure league legal battles supreme court power company finally accepted comparatively rigorous standards pollution control agency spradley mccurdy mccurdy
call job occupation gig stint position duty vocation pay labor financially rewarded significant social behavior number ways saw chapter preparation critical aspect socialization process addition social identities charles horton cooley termed looking glass influenced person asks expects occupation underscores importance defining course symbolic significance positions stratification system determined part occupations primary wage earners families united states contemporary societies majority paid labor force involved tertiary sector economy providing services health care education selling goods banking government shift tertiary industries rise number occupations viewed professions single characteristic defines profession popular usage term profession frequently convey positive evaluation real professional denote full performance vocation professional golfer sociologists term profession describe occupation requiring extensive knowledge governed code ethics professionals tend degree autonomy responsible supervisor action respond customer wishes general professionals authority determining clients
casual crowd momentary existence unity virtually social organization casual crowds gather front department store window displays conventional crowds groups spectators athletic event audiences lectures plays temporary terms duration conventional crowds governed social norms instances considered acceptable talk neighbor basketball game dramatic play remaining types crowds behavior participants governed social norms turner killian refer emergent norms expressive crowds temporary gatherings provide emotional expression release examples include victory celebrations religious revival meetings annual mardi gras parade orleans interestingly expressive crowds shared style dress common chants gestures re number understanding bounds acceptable behavior crowds deviate normal social conventions case college fans dance streets important football victory generally destructive violent acting crowd joins group action directed achieving goal typically type crowd feels dissatisfied volatile expressive crowd angry acting crowd transforms hostility action members acting crowd necessarily approve violence cooperate behavior prevent crowd violent mobs rioters considered examples acting crowds mob typically attempts accomplish limited objective beating individual storming nation embassy
dust storms erosion critical helped americans realize soil inexhaustible resource dust bowl days precipitated migration farm areas nebraska oklahoma rural residents moved cities search living conditions difficulties dust bowl dictate migrants choices determined push pull factors chapter environmental calamities region certainly limited kinds living patterns area recent assessments availability natural resources reaffirmed effects physical environment directing change human behavior presidential task force issued global report featuring discouraging conclusions food production increase percent increase benefit nations presently enjoy high capita consumption food capita food consumption developing nations barely improve decline fuel resources coal oil gas oil shale uranium theoretically sufficient coming centuries resources unevenly distributed need significant lifestyles developing nations mount determined challenge unequal distribution resources council environmental quality size density composition population important impact social change evident studies problems nation central cities chapter affluent residents business firms leave cities difficult support public transportation social services
independence kenyans turned charismatic jomo kenyatta longtime organizer colonial rule political leadership popularly elected death kenyatta maintained model harambee swahili term means let pull motto symbolized effort bring kenyans rural urban black white members tribes groups evidence kenyatta effectiveness presidential succession occurred peacefully death ethnic unrest social inequality persist small privileged african elite holds disproportionate wealth power kenya segal future hold kenya developing nations ahead united states developed countries questions primary concern futurists persons engaged organized study future futurist herman kahn noted succinctly order understand future find happening try analyze means sheils part assessing social impact technological scientific passengers traveled stagecoach miles hour traveled steam powered railway trains miles hour today million persons travel routinely plane miles hour physicist futurist gerald estimated typical passenger speed miles hour past advances travel facilitated cultural diffusion immigration political interdependence rise multinational corporations chapter clear dramatic advances transportation technology reshape social relations alter major institutions society
remember hypothesis bats vision help hunt insects night suggest experiment test hypothesis experimental design test hypothesis involve collecting bats kind bats banded shown figure divided groups bats bats group eyes covered prevent seeing bats experimental group bats group control group variable factor bats released area banded bats returned collected stomach contents analyzed determine eaten number bats returned stomach contents recorded data analyzed suppose data showed bats experimental group returned control group returned suppose analyses stomach contents showed difference foods eaten control group experimental group scientist data draw conclusions concerning hypothesis suppose scientist wanted tomato plants require mineral copper grow scientist set experiment find tomato plants need copper grow experiment progress accurate observations recorded experimental group control group recorded observations data provided experiment data obtained experiment ensure confidence taking place occurrence trying determine mice need vitamin grow scientist groups mice
accepted model atom shows electrons moving nucleus specific energy levels energy level region nucleus electron moves exact location electron energy level known electrons likely places energy levels electron clouds electron cloud space nucleus electron likely located exact locations electrons known electrons figures text symbol dots model atom shows number electrons number protons neutrons nucleus figure shows hydrogen helium lithium atoms look hydrogen atom protons neutrons hydrogen nucleus protons neutrons lithium nucleus compare number protons number electrons atoms shown observe case number protons equals number electrons protons positively charged electrons negatively charged net charge atom element matter type atom naturally occurring elements scientists table lists common elements found human body things note table element represented symbol symbol shorthand method representing element cases symbol comes letter english element
living things kinds bacteria energy fermentation need oxygen fact kinds bacteria live presence oxygen cells human muscle cells produce energy short fermentation fermentation cases emergency energy oxygen short supply part fermentation glycolysis recall glycolysis part respiration respiration molecules pyruvic acid formed net gain molecules atp depending living thing pyruvic acid changed alcohol lactic acid part fermentation respiration yeast cells carry fermentation forms ethyl alcohol products fermentation forms alcohol called alcoholic fermentation pyruvic acid changed ethyl alcohol carbon dioxide reaction shown follows yeast cells making bread fermentative activities yeast cells bread rise dough baked product yeast fermentation responsible rise recall net gain atp fermentation molecule glucose glucose potential energy moved atp alcohol potential energy makes ethyl alcohol valuable commercial fuel kinds cells change pyruvic acid lactic acid fermentation forms lactic acid called lactic acid fermentation reaction lactic acid fermentation shown follows lactic acid fermentation alcoholic fermentation anaerobic
darwin galapagos islands colonized past finches south america generations populations finches developed eventually related species existed lifesytle question evolutionary happened answered returning england darwin spent organizing data gathered voyage darwin read deal books read essay population growth written reverend thomas malthus malthus predicted human population growing quickly someday outgrow food supply malthus warned population growth stopped starvation diseases war darwin found malthus prediction population growth decline likely groups organisms organisms produce offspring survive environmental factors limited food supply breeding sites quick growth populations check darwin realized malthus organisms competition survive determines organisms live darwin lived country england watched farmers selectively breeding plants animals selective breeding involves choosing living things desirable traits breeding selecting organisms bred farmers produced offspring traits thought desirable generations selective breeding produced varieties livestock crops darwin suggested kind selection takes place nature travels darwin saw variation traits members species stronger faster darwin believed differences happen chance
darwin biological evolution species change result biological processes hypotheses origin draw darwin ideas describe chemical evolution chemical evolution evolution based nonbiological chemical processes involve changing inorganic simple organic compounds complex organic compounds earlier century oparin russian scientist wrote chemical processes ancient seas rise results processes oparin realized bring important traits living things living things largely complex organic molecules chemical evolution produce molecules smaller building blocks systems organic molecules living things encapsulated enclosed separate units units cells living things encapsulation materials occur arise according oparin hypothesis chemical reactions took place ingredients ancient seas millions molecules produced reactions included amino acids nucleotides dna rna presence molecules scientists call solution early oceans primordial soup suppose trillions reactions amino acids joined form protein function enzyme turn enzyme linked amino acids case amino acid chains complete proteins rare accidents produced short pieces nucleic acids ability replicate cases appearance organic molecule led production
species bacteria lives temperature range bacteria grow temperatures bacteria found growing antarctica bacteria grow temperatures species grow temperatures high bacteria disease humans grow body temperature figure shows bacteria grown incubator device controls temperature bacteria grow darkness blue violet ultraviolet light direct sunlight kill bacteria hours bacterial mutation oxygen needs bacteria vary bacteria need oxygen live bacteria die presence oxygen bacteria live oxygen later section bacteria need source energy bacteria ways obtaining food bacteria obtain nourishment absorptive heterotrophs fungi feed tissues organisms bacteria secrete cell walls digestive enzymes break food materials smaller molecules bacteria digested food absorbed bacteria harm living organisms feed parasitic bacteria parasite organism lives host organism harm host parasitic bacteria feed organic substances inside living things feeding disease living host bacteria feed dead organic matter bacteria saprobes saprobes organisms dead organic matter food saprobic bacteria break dead plants animals waste returning minerals nutrients soil
mosses polytrichum grow areas vegetation exists plants grow area called pioneers mosses growing newly exposed soil prevent soil erosion mosses growing bare rock create layer soil plants grow small spores seeds land layer germinate pioneer role mosses extremely important areas destroyed landslides floods fires likely bryophytes land plants originated green algalike ancestor bryophytes give rise vascular plants phylum bryophyta forms branches developed algal ancestors mosses liverworts sperm produced specialized structures called antheridia structures called archegonia produce eggs bryophytes plant grow archegonia antheridia bryophytes separate male female gametophytes transfer sperm egg dependent water cases film dew single raindrop transfer short height bryophytes related need water sexual reproduction sexual organs close ground water closely woven clusters bryophytes allow easy tansfer sperm egg sporophyte diploid phase results union sperm egg sporophyte separate plant small unbranched stalk grows gametophyte bryophytes sporophyte green food sporophyte depend gametophyte food monoploid spores produced meiosis sporophyte
leaf plant organ absorbs sunlight carries photosynthesis leaves broad flat exposing large surface area sun sunlight strikes plant energy plant absorb photosynthesis find structures figure broad flat part leaf called blade blade photosyntheses takes place connecting blade stem stalk called petiole inside petiole vascular bundles connect blade vascular system stem system veins leaf seen unaided eye vascular bundles leaf called veins veins form pattern blade section dicot leaves large vein runs length blade forming prominent ridge large central vein dicot leaf called midrib midrib series smaller smaller veins branch parts blade dicots leaf blade single structure distinct parts leaves blade oak leaf shown figure called simple leaves leaves blades divisions called compound leaves parts compound leaf blade called leaflets compound leaves classified according leaflets arranged leaf petiole pinnately compound leaves leaflets run opposite sides extension petiole palmately compound leaves leaflets arise tip petiole leaf organ greatest amount photosynthesis occurs plants
auxins phytohormones discovered dutch biologist fritz discovered presence growth promoting substance protective covering coleoptile grass seedlings substance caused tips grass seedlings bend light called substance auxin auxin phytohormone regulates growth bending plant light effects auxin plant growth hormones similar chemical nature auxin found plants hormones group called auxins auxins effects plant growth auxins found vascular plants produced buds young tissues developing embryos pollen auxins elongation plant cells lengthening plant cells results longer stems roots leaves flower parts plants amount auxin needed cell elongation small parts million needed stems parts billion roots auxin present larger amounts growth fact inhibited auxins stimulate cell division plant tissues instance hormones auxin triggers cell division wood producing parts trees spring auxin produced buds tree buds enlarge spring auxin moves trunk promotes cell division vascular cambium plants auxins aid development adventitious roots synthetically produced auxins commercial plant growers aid vegetative propagation look holly shown figure note roots developed base cuttings exposed synthetic auxin
process cellular respiration similar animals chemical energy stored food changed form organism process involves oxygen carbon dioxide produced waste product invertebrates structures exchange gases diffusion moist thin membrane involved aquatic environment membranes gas exchange stay moist water land animals specialized structures remain moist despite dry air cells sponges coelenterates flatworms roundworms contact external environment cells exchange oxygen carbon dioxide place annelids earthworm skin moist mucous secretions surface gas exchange occurs closed circulatory system includes capillaries skin capillaries capillaries body tissues locations exchange gases cells body blood takes place aquatic mollusks arthropods crayfish gills blood flows gills oxygen water enters blood carbon dioxide passes water blood flows body oxygen enters cells carbon dioxide removed animals live land grasshopper gills exoskeleton prevents drying body blocks exchange gases surface body gills grasshopper system tracheal tubes shown figure branches tubes end moist membranes gas exchange takes place grasshopper circulatory system system involved exchange transport gases
sharks streamlined swim swiftly sharks tend sink swimming large amounts oil livers help afloat sharks eat dead animals kinds feed plankton microscopic microscopic forms abundant sea kind feeds plankton giant whale shark reach length mass kg largest fish sharks predators feeding fish animals sea ray unlike shark form rays flat broad winglike pectoral fins rays live sea floor feeding fish invertebrates largest ray manta devilfish inhabits open sea frequently basks surface manta measure wingtip wingtip mass kg horns sides mouth weapons soft flaps flesh help channel small fish food mouth sharks rays sexes separate reproduction involves internal fertilization sperm produced testes male transferred reproductive tract female grooves special fins called claspers species oviparous fertilized eggs oviparous organisms develop female body dehydration eggs seawater prevented impermeable coating surrounds eggs species ovoviviparous eggs embryos ovoviviparous organisms female body period embryonic development
order wolves cooperatively hunt information conveyed information information social interactions conveyed mammals information conveyed organisms sets behavior signals called communication communication borders territory dominance individual readiness individual mate mammals communicate variety ways combination signals includes odors sounds touching visual displays mammals scent common means communication territory dominance chemical signals urine feces scent glands convey extremely specific messages remain place periods members wolf packs urine mark borders territory form communication understood wolves species visual signals mammals include facial expressions postures body tail ears raising lowering hairs common examples visual signals wagging dog tail conveys friendliness arching cat raising fur defensiveness mammals facial expressions combination ear head positions facial expressions important visual signals primates notice figure kinds information chimpanzee communicates facial expressions visual signals important means communication herd animals gazelle runs stiff gait flares hair white rump signaling approach predator herd members behavior signals trigger members herd
ecology study relationships living things environment organism environment living nonliving factors surround organism abiotic factors nonliving factors include physical factors temperature water light minerals biotic factors living things plants fungi animals interaction key idea ecology living nonliving things environment affect water needed plants grow plants give shade shaded areas remain cooler moist plants die decay organic material added soil material helps soil hold water living things found limited region earth called biosphere biosphere extends deepest part ocean thousand meters atmosphere biosphere units called ecosystems ecosystem area organisms interact nonliving things ecosystems basic units ecology ecosystems include oceans ponds swamps forests farms cities ecosystems consists organisms interacting abiotic factors ecosystem small surface leaf huge ocean salt marsh ecosystem salt marsh abiotic factors water sunlight soil minerals organisms marsh plants small fish birds snowy egrets found ecosystem living things interact abiotic factors ecosystem plants grow soil minerals sun plants energy water moisture minerals nitrogen calcium phosphorus
populations grow forever limiting factors affect size population factors affect growth matter density population limiting factors affect population growth regardless density population called density independent factors weather conditions amount light events earthquakes examples density independent factors density independent factors abiotic severe winter weather kill bobwhite quail drought destroy breeding places frogs volcanic eruption destroy living things large region density independent factors population size important determining level population size stable population dense limiting factors begin affect population growth limiting factors effects vary density population called density dependent factors density dependent factors include predation disease competition food living space resources density dependent factors affect populations population density approaches exceeds carrying capacity population density falls density dependent factors important limiting population growth availability food important density dependent limiting factor instance population density herd antelopes increases competition grass food point amount grass insufficient feed entire herd extreme cases animals starve weak lack food weak individuals susceptible disease addition disease spreads rapidly dense population individuals die disease population growth limited predation factor controlling population growth kinds plant eaters
green plants energy percent sunlight produce energy rich carbon compounds process occurring millions energy rich compounds accumulated earth fossil fuels oil coal natural gas formed plants lived ago fossil fuel resources limited supply recycled sooner later run fossil fuels oil supplies percent total energy energy gram fossil fuel important source chemicals especially plastics industry estimates global oil reserves changed recently easily found easily obtained oil discovered wells producing oil unlikely geologists find large supplies oil sources energy future replacement oil natural gas natural gas fastest growing energy source supplies percent energy natural gas found oil recently simply burned allowed escape air today natural gas fuel source chemicals natural gas oil evenly distributed earth costs safety problems transporting natural gas difficult pipelines suppliers users built trans canada pipeline carries natural gas km alberta saskatchewan border montreal coal increasing industrialized countries planning substitute coal oil
approached crowd tightened triangle grass children hoisted shoulders adults cameras focused flashbulbs checked began turning heads peering main street brigham ice cream parlor quarter past hoof beats heard pavement immediately wave happy anticipation swept adults paul revere course wasn paul revere yes paul revere cantering main street hardware store restaurants yelling naturally knew yell redcoats coming arms redcoats coming crowd seized glee literally jumped joy happening seeing paul perfectly outfitted cornered hat riding breeches wool cloak arms redcoats coming nostalgia simple heroism longing guys win yearning real virtue evil flooded crowd tourists cheered childishly sincerely passionately swept calling warning thirty thousand children cheered passage believed houses green began send muskets dressed picturesque garb similar revere rehearsed ready waiting dark houses night cue puttering makeup patriotic farmers awakened hard earned sleep look rubbed eyes stumbled bit
result european power struggle known variously war war empire french indian war help colonies britain won florida spain ousted french canada american heartlands result common military experience struggle colonists began feel vague sense national unity result britain financial pinch due victorious costly military policy pinch caused britain change legislative administrative relationship colonies change catalyst colonial unity activated british government concerned primarily internal political turmoil crown parliament british policy mercantilism colonies operated largely unenforced scattered lengthy coastline colonies violation british laws developed smuggling trade commonplace open regular trade countries treaty paris formalized britain victory french indian war signaled change britain colonial policy george grenville prime minister george iii sponsored passage grenville measures essence provided colonies purposes taxation trade tax base revenue finance imperial policies britain measures issued period included proclamation prohibited colonial settlement line appalachian mountains stabilize population east expedite administrative control lessen costs conflict indians currency act outlawed colonial currencies prescribed payments british coin assuring taxes paid home country funny money sugar act product tax imported sugar stamp act imposed delivery tax papers circulars
country victorious end hostilities britain thirteen constitutions articles confederation adopted quiet storm beginning crisis americans feel jumped collectively frying pan imperialism raging fire popular anarchy facts began loom large national government constitutionally weak governments politically unstable pressure cooperative action ended states separate ways acting free independent nations erected trade barriers protect commercial interests establishment growth uniform national commerce political impossibility economic power withered economic growth ceased congress lack direct power taxation resulted fiscal weakness fatal national government currency power million requisitioned congress states supplied million currencies backed power tax stronger national currency system continental money quickly worthless redemption impossible creditors lend national government money funds tax revenue pay interest monies repay principal worth continental damn unable tax unable borrow central government verged bankruptcy international scene situation certainly
constitution refer specifically privacy justice william douglas writing warren court griswold connecticut asserted existence court declared unconstitutional connecticut law forbidding contraceptives advising contraceptives ruling based due process clause fourteenth amendment douglas spoke zone privacy created fundamental constitutional guarantees including fourth ninth amendments controversial abortion cases roe wade doe bolton court decision written justice harry blackman nixon appointee reaffirmed privacy cases held states place restrictions abortions trimester pregnancy restrictions final trimesters permissible political issue matter privacy abortions unsettled organizations working constitutional amendment prohibiting abortion law withhold governmental funds programs institutions give abortions electronic surveillance included section illegal search seizure involves distinctly type illegal search obviously outgrowth age technology wiretapping sophisticated surveillance equipment poses complex problems nation general supreme court effort protect civil liberties devices obviously assistance law enforcement authorities potential unlawful invasion individual privacy frightening
step attentive public elites influential members press members academic community corporate executives lawyers bankers similar status women represented move easily top appointive positions national government government leaders robert mcnamara president ford motor company secretary defense henry kissinger college professor secretary notable examples public opinion elites point pyramid top elected appointed government leaders staffs almond categories twenty ago increase political knowledge interest observers estimated attentive public elites government leaders constituted percent population almond noted attentive public increasing size discrimination knows americans today accurately included attentive public clearly number larger clearly elites lesser extent attentive public influences public policy elite members frequently consulted government leaders officially part government addition professional expertise elite members frequently wealthy influential listened heeded gain support knowledge extent attentive groups catered narrow range interests mass opinion influential dominate public policy lippmann asserted political leaders pay attention public opinion polls follow results gallup harris published polls commission polls election
postwar public policies riveted misconception problem dealt women issues symbolically president kennedy established commission status women report published documented oppressing degree discrimination constantly buffeted employed woman report revealed percent households supported woman primary wage earner telling perspective majority women worked supplement husband income primarily order provide necessities families average income woman employed full amounted percent average male income congress passed equal pay equal act symbolic practical relevance shortly originally unintended title vii civil rights act broadened prohibition discriminatory practices sex discrimination tacked considerations race creed national origin frivolous afterthought house debate later president johnson issued executive order prohibiting sex discrimination government employment addition congress passed legislation allowing women armed services advanced ranks general admiral cojointly extensive track women movement taking form beginning coalesce early national organization women headed establishment reformist groups groups committed women rights expansion career opportunities track laid middle late protorevolutionist groups emerged left civil rights movements focus women liberation emancipation
americans politicized accept act voting responsibility citizenship voters consider rational detached manner voter turnout election lower standpoint individual voting rational act public election won margin single vote average voter thought voting completely objective wouldn bother polls think voters act habit loyalty sense obligation social pressure variety reasons standpoint political system essential voters continue vote process selecting leaders basic political system democratic system rests widespread consent governed participation electoral process large numbers mandatory order lend legitimacy elected political leaders sense individuals vote public elections vote influence outcome election collectively political system large numbers voters needed participate process selecting political leaders slow steady expansion suffrage vote fascinating political developments spanned century history country
democratic party makes extent voluntary contributions organized labor technique soliciting small contributions direct mail campaigns popular barry goldwater confounded experts raise large amounts money candidates parties device varying success money goes pay increased mass media especially television polling elaborate technical staffs costs collecting contributions direct mail campaigns plate dinners numerous fund raising activities campaigns half funds raised spent fund raising activities eleven presidential elections candidates spent money won times lost mildly reassuring tell story money critical campaigning instances wealthy persons persons access wealth easier getting support party leaders party endorsement running office money important winning primary elections general elections party identification important determinant voter behavior general elections present candidates party candidates likely known money decisive factor publicizing candidate rival amount money essential campaign poor hubert humphrey ran money democratic presidential primaries captured nomination humphrey ran money race nixon outspent
period marked rapid transformation aspects campaigning importance mass media especially television emergence professionalized campaign bureaucracy increasing importance money money form large donations wealthy donors clearly influences outcome campaigns buy favorable decisions public policy officeholders watergate scandals congress passed laws attempt regulate campaign financing limiting money publicizing names donors federal elections commission created enforce legislation history laws extremely difficult enforce enforcement agency adequately staffed makes sincere effort private money dominates public elections united states insures favored treatment wealthy donors reaction watergate congress provided partial public funding presidential elections results election law successful generally trend democracies public financing tight control require constant pressure members congress political leaders bring united states important public election presidency preceded superspectacle national party conventions formally choose candidates write platforms latest edition quadrennial event campaign distinctive ways winner jimmy carter true dark horse virtual unknown earlier televised presidential debates resumed sixteen interval setting hoped precedent regular future elections
single predictor congressional voting party membership complications representatives strong opinions public policy frequently agree party don research suggests representative votes preferences party political force depends constituency pressure lobbying leadership kind issue considered members congress choice representational roles play trustees public interest inclined vote judgment issues view role strictly representational articulating views constituents inclined follow lead party cost support districts basic attitudes affect voting influenced vitally type issue constituency attitude study concluded civil rights legislation representatives votes coincided perceptions districts opinions similarity subject foreign affairs evidently constituents highly aware strong feelings civil rights unconcerned foreign affairs evidence vietnam major issue late voters gave passion attention foreign affairs reserved civil rights representatives attuned constituents opinions area decline vietnam imporant issue members congress freer vote according personal preferences foreign policy questions recent scandals public image relationship interest groups representatives tended included sordid payoffs improper pressure
congress varies reception kinds policy characteristic response splintered confusion enables president argue american political figure vision comprehensive deal problems national scope presidents maintained secrecy unity purpose dangerous especially foreign affairs supplied chief executive war ii greater expansion president ability administer policy domestic affairs turn century congress delegated powers president including power adjust tariff rates spend withhold appropriated money oversee federal land set federal salaries partially regulate economy late congress generally acquiesced encouraged growing presidential authority vietnam war turned sour republican president richard nixon attemped repeal social legislation previous administration predominantly democratic congress began assert seen series major political battles ending stalemate branches government critics congress frequently charge elected representatives tamely allow president run country criticism partly correct truth branch completely dominant conditions president conditions congress prevails wins policy skirmishes depends largely factors branch government trying initiate prevent action type policy considered
chief justice speaks associate justice order seniority comments case chief justice makes final summary court votes reverse order seniority process intended shield junior members influenced unduly senior members likely justice vote pretty accurately inferred earlier comments simple majority vote prevails vote chief justice assigns writing court opinion member court chief justice minority assignment senior associate justice majority interested law supreme court opinions constitute finest prose english language justices write rewrite opinion states precisely desired desired depends case circumstances opinion unanimous court noncontroversial matter clear decisive opinion divided court sensitive issue ambiguous offering hope defeated room maneuver court case members court write concurring opinions agree decision reasoning dissenting opinions disagree majority decision reasoning historically dissenting opinions frequently pointed future court thinking concurring dissenting opinions split votes expose conflict court cast doubt legitimacy permanence court decisions ideally standpoint court decide case vote concurring opinions
president constitutional statutory powers administration article ii constitution executive power vested president president commander chief army navy care laws faithfully executed president power appoint remove key administrative officials require written opinions principal officer executive departments congress added means directing administrative system include controls hierarchy staff budget program organization administration congress tied executive departments agencies form structural pyramid peaks presidency chain command runs hierarchical system president formal authority official direct subordinates control executive orders written directives effect law disapproved congress congress created staff system top administrative pyramid help president chain command president makes influence felt executive office president exop includes important units white house office cabinet executive office president agencies civil service commission general services administration president fiscal program control departments agencies office management budget omb congress requests submitted omb conform president budget program proposals handled omb sure agree presidential policy
office richard nixon repeatedly frustrated national domestic program political actors appointees supreme court rejected legislative proposals emasculated congress directives delayed weakened judiciary policy orders evaded bureaucracy foreign affairs power president subject constitutional checks nixon enjoy success public knowledge bombed cambodia helped undetermine government chile opened diplomatic channels communist china established relations united states soviet union footing activities required secrecy efficiency unity purpose president foreign initiatives subject restraints domestic endeavors nixon undoubtedly blocked arena nixon reacted foreign success domestic frustration attempting conduct domestic policy foreign policy members white house campaign staffs semisecret police agencies central intelligence agency federal bureau investigation turned national political opposition foreign enemy burglaries committed attempts uncover embarrassing information nixon political opponents illegal wiretaps telephones newspeople government employees demands internal revenue service investigate tax returns complaining citizens fbi cia urged cooperate secret counterintelligence project purpose harass dissenters investigations activities justice department obstructed witnesses paid hush money presidential aides instructed perjure vital evidence form tape recordings refused congress
foretell happen republic century project past patterns behavior future close book cautiously outlining potential scenarios american politics century likely think united states meet troubles coming attempting muddle alterations basic processes politics exist administrative continue grow resulting small steady increase national welfare programs basic elite oriented character administrative process changed parties continue crumble mass media important selection candidates current trends accentuated power money campaigns grow greater issueless campaigns advertising image making emotional appeals common alienation normal political involvement low voter turnout coupled frequent uncoordinated protest behavior cycles partial political instability similar late common severe common severe precipitate major modification politics usual presidency important emotional focal point nation conflicting nature structure power president subject normal frustration dealing institutions government presidency actually decline somehwat fallout watergate affair presidents exert prevent loss power
american political system purpose major forces shaping political operate governs united states pays ways central questions investigated book taught idealized textbook version american government summarized follows united states founded persons dedicated building nation citizens constitution fashioned limit political authority check abuses power generations proven living document reinterpretation amendment served nation political leaders president congress part responsive popular desires registered periodic elections operations political parties free press decisions small groups persons circles government decisionmakers check power need satsify electorate order remain office rule select government decisions grounded majority rule subject restraints imposed constitution protection minority rights united states nation social economic ethnic regional groups varied competing demands public officeholders role government act mediator conflicting demands formulating policies benefit public decisions compromises seldom satisfy interested parties allow working consensus group say chronically dominates
americans taught economy consists wide array independent producers refer farmers interest businessmen bank america multimillion dollar stake california farmlands cal pak safeway operate level field supermarket month small family farms business large agribusiness firms operate half farmland united states percent food corporations control percent industry assets close percent profits totally monopolizing food advertising television companies control percent country dairy products multinational firms handle percent grain shipped market centralized food industry represents american success story big companies independent farmers going deeper debt billion income plummets fuel feed seed costs rise sharply regional food virtually vanished northeast instance imports percent food regions spent grow food spent move giant agribusiness farms rely intensive row crop farming heavy chemical spraying artificial fertilizers massive erosion place strain water supplies nation ability feed jeoparidzed land eroded large scale quick profit commercial farming concentration monopoly capital agribusiness begets bigness pursuit profits produces economic environmental costs
defenders present system claim big production units efficient smaller highly questionable contention instances huge firms tend efficient bureaucratized size point growth diminishing return productivity bigness result technological advance profit growth corporation holdings manufacturing insurance utilities amusement parks publishing clear giantism result technological necessity supposedly brings greater efficiency outcome capital concentration search efficient production areas investment likewise concern maintain industry extract large profit ultimately efficiency measured technical condition productive unit return investment need recall railroads shipping lines mines factories housing complexes bought sold game pieces sole purpose extracting profit regard maintaining functional capacity term survival capacity enterprise concern investor margin profit firms totter edge ruin rescued generous infusions government funds stockholders collected millions high profits depressed aerospace industry plagued climbing costs layoffs repeatedly rescued brink insolvency fat government subsidies netted investors billion tax profits
small farmers debtors opposed central government motivated serving parochial interests unlike supposedly higher minded statesmen journeyed philadelphia class supported ratification wealthy visionary nation builders explained truth minds broader economic interests motives higher lower social group struggling place power united states pursued material interests single small freeholder possessing money information organization enjoyed superior results acted conditions governance maintenance enterprises amounted committing class suicide rising bourgeoisie rallying central power order protect class interests willing accept existence material based nationalism history countries finally argue founders motivated primarily high minded objectives consistently overlook fact delegates repeatedly stated intention erect government strong protect haves gave voice crassest class prejudices found disguise fact apologists uppermost concern diminish popular control resist tendencies class equalization leveling called opposition democracy dedication moneyed interests unabashedly openly avowed
laws passed period giving labor bargain collectively notably wagner act legislation measure organized labor growing legitimacy support legitimacy legal guarantees bring automatic compliance business vigorous enforcement government labor victories open shop direct struggle workplace terms soon proved functional corpoate system labor leaders including earned reputations militants dedicated maintaining capitalist system john lewis warned dangerous affairs lead class consciousness revolution pledged officials union power system avoid revolution lewis cooperated closely management introducing speed methods production limiting strikes maintaining disciplined labor force owners relied union leaders production minded control workers utilizing union management purposes roosevelt administration tax policies provide instance disparity image performance deal taxation virtually continuation hoover administration program business firms avoided taxes depression taking advantage loopholes tax law drain wealth higher income groups taxes increased pay military spending war ii major burden modest means subjected income taxes ironic fact extension income tax middle low income classes original aspect deal tax policy
postwar growth american corporations stupendous problems success enormous profits remain operational expenses paid billions yearly dividends distributed chiefly wealthiest percent remaining undistributed profits invested noted earlier growth profits intensifies search profit yielding opportunities turn create profit surplus strenuous pursuit investment profit opportunities word profit abundance profit hunger sides coin overseas investments especially underdeveloped countries increasingly attractive cheap native labor high investment return absence corporate taxes marketing products monopoly prices opportunity invest surplus capital invested home glut domestic market depress profit rate invested industrialized nations bring lower return federal government performs major functions capitalism overseas roughly performs home subsidizes finances corporate foreign investments billions dollars yearly military force protect private capital conflicts labor consider turn government spends billion billion yearly foreign aid programs ostensibly help poorer nations help funds actually buttress rule wealthy powerful elites friendly corporate investors policies aid falls hands big landowners top government military officials developing nations
states prospective jurors chosen voter registration rolls country tax lists underrepresent racial minorities women young low income officials pick randomly choose jury pool street lists neighborhoods favor cultural political nonconformists survive process called jury duty weeded selection peremptory challenges prosecutor portrayed media judges looking persons possessed wise commanding air calming courtroom passions measured admonitions showing fear favor capable compassion accused turning hollywood reality discover judges arrogant corrupt inflated persons observing courtroom procedures jack newfield concluded personal venality judges marked cruelty stupidity bias poor short tempers total insensitivity civil liberties investigations special prosecutor york found widespread sale judgeships moneyed persons bench individuals commonly sold guilty verdicts businessmen crime syndicate bosses corrupt politicians brought study courts found judges inclined send poorly educated low income persons prison likely give suspended sentences probation educated higher income persons convicted crimes study courts seattle washington found persons convey appearance middle class status treated judges worthy leniency dress attitude things court values
recent manly thugs assaulted murdered gays arizona texas york california places cases killers serve women discharged armed services gay mothers denied custody children grounds lesbian preferences unfit parents gay rights organizers beaten arrested law officers detroit houston york seattle gay bars raided police gains won homosexuals attack christian organized struggles launched gays recent succeeded changing homophobic attitudes non gay progress discriminatory housing employment practices discussion law order complete mention policy law enforcement represents largest budget item local governments crime rate continues rise police largely unsuccessful organized crime idle regard workers poor youth racial minorities elements prove troublesome interests property propriety studies show racial minorities low income whites personal encounters police brutality middle class white respectables consider instances black boy walking foster father queens killed plainclothes policeman leaps unmarked car identifying shouts hey niggers opens fire black teenager miami urinating factory wall shot dead duty policeman claims defense says gun accidentally
ambassador united nations andrew young remarked hundreds thousands persons prisons political beliefs activities crimes charged quickly silenced president carter indignant officials media pundits assured public united states unlike countries thing political prisoner truth considering widely known cases history american political prisoners eugene debs hundreds socialists radical iww organizers imprisoned war palmer raids immediately afterward sacco vanzetti anarchists executed crime commit mass arrests socialists pacifists opposed war ii korean war scores failed smith act jailed refusing cooperate congressional witch hunts mccarthy era vietnam war left antiwar activist occupied position national local leadership arrested stood trial jailed exile underground ambassador young remark hundred persons incarcerated political activities serving sentences including twenty members black liberation army fifty aim leaders dozen black panthers dozen republic africa persons radical black separatist group twenty vietnam war resisters including camp pendleton scores chicano black puerto rican activists nationalists radicals lesser number white dozens prison inmates additional sentences prisoners rights groups
known form redistricting gerrymander salvage form gerrymander figure shows york city congressional districts especially drawn contorted ways gather noncontiguous white middle income neighborhoods preventing numerically dominant lower income areas bronx manhattan majority districts boroughs form gerrymander divide conquer figure shows predominantly black delta district politically intact chopped pieces absorbed white majorities substantial numbers african american began register similarly city council district queens approval mayor koch known friendliness blacks split working class black voters corona east elmhurst communities city council districts making numerical minority despite rigged rules official harassments radical groups continue prove viable authorities likely resort violently coercive measures radical group managed gain grass roots organizational strength object official violence case american socialist party instructive socialist party held offices cities including seventy mayors twenty states thirty legislators member congress increased vote dramatically locales socialists suffered combined attacks local federal authorities headquarters numerous cities sacked police funds confiscated leaders jailed immigrant members deported newspapers denied mailing privileges elected candidates denied seats legislatures congress
tocqueville wealthy interest governing working simply want members capitalist class seldom slow assuming burdens public office important political leader rich beholden moneyed interests wealthy persons engaged ruling prefer concentrate things ruling class plutocracy consists largely politically active members wealthy class glorious tasks vote harvesting fallen persons modest class ethnic origins top federal leadership positions remained largely hands white protestant middle aged upper income males conventional political opinion drawn top ranks corporate management prominent law firms banks wall street frequently military elite universities foundations scientific establishment beginning american republic modern times majority occupied top political offices nation including presidency vice presidency cabinet supreme court wealthy families upper percent population remainder middle class origins moderately successful businessmen commercial farmers professionals college attended elite ivy league schools war ii bankers industrialists military order frequency occupied top government positions ran nation defense establishment occupation religion style social status washington lawyers texans mavericks locate offices fifteen city blocks york boston detroit
survey found americans approve labor unions want thrive concerned unions exercise power public powerful unions certainly material resources political influence compare business union busting major industry thousand consulting firms million yearly business teaching companies prevent workers organizing break existing unions western industrial nations unions united states severely constrained laws legal restrictions strikes boycotts organizing activities result union organizing arduous unions declining membership losing national labor relations elections recession industries threat plant closings extract benefit wage concessions unions amounting billions dollars history unions target government repression mccarthy era press attention focused famous profesional personages brought congressional committees account political associations opinions remembered numerous blue collar victims systematically purged unions fired jobs bosses working tandem fbi congressional investigators conservative union factions politics union radicals bothered business radical leaders members dedicated effective winning gains labor purge labor sense wasn ideological designed weaken labor movement weakening militant leadership rank file
opposed black view argue revolutionaries communists allowed advantage liberties seek destroy revolutionary advocacy constitutes abuse freedom urges violate democratic rules game argument goes order preserve political freedom find deprive rejoinders position point historical fact threat revolution united states real harmful liberties measures allegedly protect revolutionary ideas history repeatedly demonstrates expansive quality repression revolutionary advocacy suppressed proponents unpopular doctrines inciting words irresponsible news reports public utterances allegedly undermine foreign policy national security kind criticism power find intolerable suppression conducted political elites protecting consider harmful thoughts effect making minds depriving opportunity hearing discussing debating revolutionary ideas revolutionary advocates exchange forbidden advocate silenced debatable socialist communist radical revolutionaries dedicated destruction freedom ferment history branded revolutionary actually augmented democratic rights working class agitations early century legitimated widened areas dissent helped extend franchise propertyless working organized demonstrations repressive local ordinances early century revolutionary minded industrial workers wobblies free speech fights fortified amendment attacks guardians property
united states pluralistic society glance social map country reveals vast aglomeration groups governing agencies competition seeking maximize interests pluralism mean multiplicity private public groups united states pluralistic society size complexity including allegedly totalitarian soviet union multiplicity regional occupational ethnic groups party administrative military factions competing policies proponents pluralism presume saying power distributed democracy works supposedly desirable feature pluralistic society works democratic means produces democratic outputs policies shaped competing groups benefit human needs populace ralf dahrendorf writes battlefield scene group conflict kind market autonomous forces contend according rules game virtue permanent winner loser elites society pluralists say numerous specialized checked demands elites group press advantages group interested issue find political system influence felt business elites capacity utilize services government interests pluralists argue interests varied conflicting government controlled monolithic corporate elite wants question
plays fundamentally contradictory role contradiction simply democracy capitalism half century ago sociologist max weber wrote question freedom democracy run dominaton highly developed capitalism question crisis capitalism deepens surplus resources disappear austerity needed contradiction egalitarian expectations democracy dominating thievery capitalism sharpens act repressively hold existing class system countries rulers resorted dictatorial final solution smashing democratic organizations impose draconian economy maintain dominance capital labor takes fascists impose fascism centrist liberal interests feeling privileges threatened instabilities system opt authoritarian solution italy germany chile argentina indonesia fascism protect capitalism claiming saving democracy communism capitalist class united states resort fascist rule things easier criticism press organized dissent environmental occupational protections elections labor unions worry need turn fascism dominant class getting wants democratic facade break unions hold wages court injunctions refusing negotiate contracts put union leaders firing squad drown isolate radical opponents moneyed media monopoly silence assassination squads
governments mechanisms human groups employ protect internal external threats establish policies provide favorable conditions pursuing lives governments nearly universal human institutions natural granted poorly understood common existence questioned influence fully recognized persons concerned forms government details specific policies actions rarely consider nature government government touches virtually form government function person letter carrier delivering mail police officer corner clerk district office social security administration drill sergeant agent conducting investigation beliefs behavior citizen group effects beneficial detrimental important government popularly elected control potentially broad outlines policies affect greatly fail exercise influence effectively adequately informed basic issues ways government operates study government politics essential part citizen education begin understand politics familiar basic structures process american national local governments merely beginning knowledge basics formal informal relationships levels government differing approaches study government politics frequent divergence reality appearances
democracy elusive concepts american political history official documents marked birth nation word democracy founders term republic means public thing society governed public interest clearly government later explosion democratic sentiment age andrew jackson democracy common rhetorically despite private skepticism democracy literally means rule greek roots overtones rule mob original negative sense circumstances shaped obviously application today order examine society compare look contemporary meanings terms democracy defining democracy rule helpful clearly understood americans entitled participate politics society excluded political polity dimensions exclusion grounds excluded affect dimensions democracy archtype democracy greek city excluded inhabitants slaves women freemen citizens height democratic rule small minority residents allowed participants severely restricting scope popular government states proclaimed democracies undone statistics republic south africa ostensibly democratic constitution percent adult population part black ancestry permanently excluded polity methods enforcing exclusion brought south africa verge dictatorship brink chaos
past decades political scientists sociologists psychologists undertaken considerable research political beliefs feelings values groups political culture discoveries encouraging democracy abstract statements political freedom win support western nations britain principles translated concrete problems freedom speech atheists communists employment homosexuals schools rights accused rapist freedom black families live door support ideals plummets general positions political leadership tolerant positions concrete problems average citizen substantial minority cases close majority leadership intolerant democratic requirements minority rights analyst labeled feelings working class authoritarianism citizen liberal stands economic matters trade unions noneconomic issues freedom speech assumes rigid posture regards holding dangerous views especially position influence children leaders able escape authoritarianism extent benefited greater education somehwat happier personal situation greater income greater leisure greater job satisfaction translate jaundiced view stated cynically leaders greater personal choice live send children school disturbing factor american political environment strong alienation politics expressed majority common view politics dirty business
today remains exclusively jurisdiction states interpretations constitution supreme court beginning soon nation founding tended expansion national powers states today set tax policies exercise police powers establish educational health welfare systems traditionally activities considerable federal participation grants aid single largest source revenue require functions meet federal standards instances enabled federal government force states adopt uniform policies matters federal jurisdiction states authority set speed limits highways set speed limits higher mph order qualify federal highway funds similarly despite emphasis states rights president reagan signed law act requiring states adopt minimum drinking age order qualify funds exclusively functions meet constitutional requirements federal courts jurisdiction situations mean federalism dying states vigorous thriving political entities governments growing rapid rate local national governments constantly perform functions states today dual identities governmental entities powers responsibilties voluntarily act administrative arms federal cooperative programs person believes national government ignores states seeks reduce powers spend federal agency washington generally slightest hint action incur broad displeasure agencies sends federal bureaucrats scurrying cover
america known beginnings nation joiners americans tend form voluntary associations nearly conceivable purpose united states nearly conceivable kind interest associations help bind individuals society network close connections group activity takes political coloration ties political system nation mass individuals acting politically interest groups link citizen system alter shape politics important ways interest groups associations individuals common ground general types groups primary associations basic built characteristics birth family background sex religion region ethnic racial traits generally changed main groups unorganized unlikely form basis organization future blonds westerners recently groups notably blacks hispanic americans women coalesced influence political unorganized primary groups tend affect members perception political interests important political process voluntary secondary associations organized groups individual chooses affiliate choice limited membership labor union prerequisite jobs groups formed mainly political purposes clamshell alliance formed oppose nuclear power plants england groups seek amendment constitution forbidding abortion undertake political action obtain organizational goals labor unions business associations support political candidates protect main economic purposes
groups essentially speak unpopular disadvantaged civil rights groups minority movements homosexual organizations turned courts especially federal courts recent groups likely financial resources status influence legislature executive appeal language constitution established principles government courts uphold appeal success attained limited necessity obtaining compliance rest political system judicial lobbying eventually require lobbying rest political arena influence choice judges efforts obtain minorities women federal bench recent examples influence executive legislative reaction judicial rulings familiar form pressure political arena lobbying influence legislatures efforts aimed judicial system legislative pressure essentially skilled situations information specifics pressure groups seek mobilize public communicate legislators staff working part full interests city county national legislatures methods require substantial funds large membership status high impressive techniques direct contact extensive permissible judicial arena judges american system supposed discuss cases interested parties role isolated formally impartial american political office symbolized expression purple curtain describing barriers courts throw
society formulate basic rules governing relationships members person group modern political systems legislative process culminates formal passage laws bodies designated act rule makers process produces rules preserve cohesive community introduces measure collective action deciding policy democratic nations theory voice governing nearly contemporary political systems incorporate form collective decision making primitive societies virtually total participation governing leaders human history frequently exercised full powers government institutional check development legislatures western largely result deliberate effort prevent person rule societies group council sort functioned interpreter tradition formulator rules procedure meet changing conditions rules contributed growth legislatures efforts nobles restrict arbitrary power kings interests represented decisions legislative process evolved gradually serving regulate political theoretically represent collectively western democratic nations legislatures predominant forms majority parliamentary legislature chooses executive separation powers disagreement executive parliament issue presented elections determine leadership retains power surrenders party
article section constitution sets list formal powers congress list extensive includes things power lay collect taxes borrow money regulate commerce provide rules naturalization bankruptcies coin money fix standards weights measures establish postal system create judicial system declare war raise support army navy provide militia create federal district regulate patents additionally section grants congress power adopt laws proper order exercise powers granted sections constitution provision establishes basis doctrine implied powers discussed chapter congress broad powers subject limitations constitution specifies prohibitions amendment congress law abridging freedom speech press article ii section forbids congress pass bills attainder laws permit legislative judicial punishment citizens post facto laws laws providing punishment action took place law passed courts insisted congress adopt clear standards guide executive officials administer laws grant discretion administration delegation legislative power unconstitutional order carry beliefs checks balances national legislature founders provided bicameral congress degree form required nature federal system
recently numerous inadequacies congress representative institution prompted reformers suggest measures amenable executive leadership direction manifest dangers runaway executive power encouraged change minds suggest reforms enable congress reassert power opposition increasingly powerful decreasingly controlled executive pendulum swinging idea eliminate weaken reforms designed check president current emphasis lead executive abuses encouraged earlier reforms tell run legislature serve adequate check executive retain executive effectiveness question unfortunately pertinent question safer place confidence congress president hope appears achieving kind satisfactory balance tenuous house representtives began permitting television coverage house sessions previously forms photography forbidden proceedings senate relaxed prohibition photography television covers chamber congress events caused house leaders wonder mistake admit cameras doubt gave satisfaction senators senate viewers wish observe workings floor house gavel gavel coverage span cable network
bureaucracy bureaucrat terms scorn understandable reaction annoying infuriating experiences inevitable dealing large organizations governmental private certainly universities provided share irritations reality bureaucracies simply organizational structures accepted nearly nearly kind endeavor political system bureaucracies institutions put public policies practice bureaucrats staff agents public policy federal bureaucracies local counterparts bear closer resemblance bureaucracies nations parts political system foreign counterparts bureaucracies tend similar characteristics located washington paris moscow grow size responsibility bureaucracies assumed leading roles governmental functions eventually dominate american bureaucracy exception administrative actions federal bureaucracies carry legislative judicial functions executive beginning deal size costs began escalate bureaucracies nation powerful interest groups turn major private interest groups found ally recesses bureaucracy general characteristics bureaucracies highly detailed written rules procedures strict chain command hierarchical structure tends tight control hirings dismissals promotions
normal framework executive bureaucracy national level independent offices agencies agencies classified administrative federal reserve system board governors regulatory federal trade commission corporate tennessee valley authority independent offices listed table bodies created congress beginning run executive heads appointed president responsibiities lie primarily economy regulating aspect production distribution energy resources deal federal power concentrated agencies form essentially fourth branch government boards commissioners govern formally independent president serve staggered fixed terms office limit power control appointments autonomy subjected criticism directed federal reserve board control credit monetary policy despite complaints independent agencies increasingly subject presidential management decades appointment power limited give president access agencies maintains budgetary control critics independent agencies suggested supporters industries supposed regulate longer fulfill purpose addition increasing subservience president instances increased president power economy critics fourth branch called greater presidential control prevent administrative programs undercut contradictory agency policies suggested agencies simply abolished grounds failed regulate economy benefit interest supposed regulate
common animal species human beings engage conflict species largely rely ritual behaviors limit internal aggression control direct conflict humans share behaviors rudimentary form main solution problem channeling aggression involves language culture judicial process forms human cultural answer problem conflict management human political history summarized struggle develop alternatives violence human society individuals small groups larger groups called nations institutionally judicial process sense heart political system simply organized societies specialized roles role leader settling disputes important frequently performed regardless form judicial system takes basic political role enabling society control eliminate conflict system employ violence threat violence support decisions resort compliance voluntary decisions system functioning violence sanction costs social development high public acceptance judicial system declines person assumes role judge stability legitimacy political system vanish respect law political order respect implies minimum level acceptance toleration broader social political consequences judicial decisions judicial system synch rest political system place terrible strains system
results elections illustrate lack clear direction public regard balance executive legislative branches add concern regarding american political parties obvious facts president reagan won victory huge proportions winning record total votes electoral college record setting percentage popular vote failed achieve victories congressional elections desired republican gains house fewer hoped fewer anticipated democrats actually gained seats senate results reflect ticket splitting voters choosing vote republican president democratic house senate seats casting votes president voters reflected optimism general satisfaction reagan republican administration approval perception character personality side votes rejection arguments put democrats things sufficiently bad warrant change democrats case able achieve improvement observers believe walter mondale personality campaign style contributed result assert voters sufficiently intelligent sophisticated remain unaffected style image deliberate decisions based policies anticipated effects considerable agreement voters reacted adversely mondale call tax increase lends credence point view
case removal president office death resignation inability discharge powers duties office devolve vice president congress law provide case removal death resignation inability president vice president declaring officer act president officer act disability removed president elected president stated times receive services compensation encreased diminished period elected receive period emolument united states enter execution office oath affirmation solemnly swear affirm faithfully execute office president united states ability preserve protect defend constitution united states president commander chief army navy united states militia states called actual service united states require opinion writing principal office executive departments subject relating duties respective offices power grant pardons offenses united states cases impeachment
persons born naturalized united states subject jurisdiction thereof citizens united states reside enforce law abridge privileges immunities citizens united states deprive person liberty property due process law deny person jurisdiction equal protection laws representatives apportioned states according respective numbers counting number persons excluding indians taxed vote election choice electors president vice president united states representatives congress executive judicial officers members legislature thereof denied male inhabitants twenty age citizens united states abridged participation rebellion crime basis representation reduced proportion number male citizens twenty age person senator representative congress elector president vice president hold office civil military united states previously oath member congress officer united states member legislature executive judicial officer support constitution united states engaged insurrection rebellion aid comfort enemies thereof
politics aspects heart process making kinds decisions help shape fate include decisions death individuals entire cities countries humankind political decision war peace determine care live die reason interested political decisions dramatic influence lives say think look quickly shoulder listening answer depend political decision democracy expect treated fairly discriminated color ancestry religion sex depends part politics confident family community safe polio tuberculosis diphtheria smallpox malaria typhoid plague answer depend political decision public health protected public money spend expect drinkable water breathable air depend political decisions protecting environment prices pay gas pump supermarket fact matter inflation money buy depend part political action inaction ease difficulty admitted college later admitted professional graduate school find job depends considerable extent public policy decisions education employment
understands united states foreigners winston churchill spoke soviet union riddle wrapped mystery inside enigma united states harassed kremlin specialist american research american kremlinologists find hard forecast soviet union moves soviet pentagonologists washingtonologists find equally difficult forecast united states behavior progress understanding american politics asking nature politics united states developed course history american inquire government governing meant americans times past mean ask values arisen extent expectations legitimacy habits compliance developed priorities political decision process tended prevail ways american political system shown capacities learning transformation excursion history look closely present american politics stakes participants major images theories ideologies formed working arena american politics domestic worldwide questions answered part historical discussion briefer remarks suffice concerns closer look structure american political system holds levels main political processes occur institutions important enduring system steer
power lie united states think concentrated hands small groups anonymous think power widely dispersed democracy concern actual distribution power united states lies distribution highly unequal means fully concentrated group subject continuing change order study distribution closely distinction general purpose elites special elites influence regard matters influence narrower field greatest single concentration influence power general purposes united states comprises credit banking investment communities money needed purposes control flow power matters choose exercise sociologist robert lamb proposed find leading families small american town looking names board local bank twenty earlier families left town leading families today safe say banking financial community fairly broad reaching small town banker president chase manhattan bank greatest amount influence studies congressional mail show letter small town banker weighs representative congress letter core establishment top political leadership country
getting sense nature soviet political system look similarities differences political system united states impression huge countries common ways unique direction going comparison easy preconceptions harder studies soviet union western readers resemble descriptions hell written fair minded theologians hard westerners understand members soviet population loyal government fight defend foreign attack soviet citizens similar difficulty understanding political loyalties west thinks americans russians defend government direct attack deceived japanese military discovered attacked united states pearl harbor hitler attacked soviet union madness russian american leaders forget fact united states soviet union shaped unique combination vast historical development deliberate political design united states product outpouring largely english speaking non english speaking westward rivers mountains continent onward hawaii alaska scottish irish americans pennsylvania dutch louisiana french minnesota swedes slavic italian americans spanish black americans members american
communist party penetrates government level figure government turn runs economy nearly percent government owned rest owned controlled cooperatives government runs armed forces police educational system mass media means support artistic literary enormous powers government enhance power communist party power party leaders members rest turn enhances party control top party secretariat politburo interlock closely presidium supreme soviet council ministers seen leonid brezhnev general secretary communist party leading member politburo chairman presidium supreme soviet chairman council ministers tikhonov politburo member ministerial colleagues names incumbents change hitherto slowly top officeholders countries tight interlocking party government jobs persists similar holds true line union level party central committee interlocks terms personnel decision making supreme soviet union republics bureaus party interlock ministers presidia supreme soviets party central committees interlock supreme soviets similar interlockings lower levels preceding discussion unnecessary summarize performance political system soviet union detail
judge bulk soviet continues loyal collectivistic economy mass support kind giving country czar private corporations grown basic industries developed despite devastations war ii seen steel output country rise percent war percent produced united states today rates growth sooner later appreciable improvements trickle consumers cities eventually countryside happened fields basic nutrition public health lengthening expectancies lowering infant death rates soviet union reached level united states meantime young continue find careers expanding industrial technological sectors society larger numbers derive sense pride visible accomplishments country ranging spectacular growth cities percent population lived cities compared percent continuing share exploration moon planets successes soviet industrialization past creating kinds problems future consumers affluent insist wider range choice demand combination planning market choices problems arise production side growing need innovation
france brought million arms fourteen armies changed scale warfare europe possibly unpopular draft getting percent french uniform voluntary support large numbers french support enforcement laws republic rousseau general armed shape robespierre jacobins executing ideas backed large part forcing french populace free relentless logic frequent cruelty city lyon rose central government destroyed republican army general charge reported paris lyon rose republic lyon revolutionary france marked extremism sorts conservatives thought republicans mad republicans turn thought conservatives walking corpses dead past side felt opponents live law crime fall suspicion divisiveness intolerance extreme heroism efforts parisians descended cellars paris scrape saltpeter deposits walls ammunition blast armies european monarchs france paris open air forges cast iron cannon revolution produced massed artillery later napoleon military reputation french soldiers fought high morale run field battle
united states britain main constitutional arrangements older parties france parties older constitutions fundamental political divisions revolution french favored accepted revolution separation church formed left political spectrum sympathies lay monarchy unity church formed political original terms left derive seating order deputies past french legislature seating order later customary european parliaments course terms acquired connotations parties left tend favor workers poor political social change radical revolutionary methods left moderate reforms closer center parties tend favor tradition property privilege interests substantial citizens town countryside parties center seek compromise wings paralyzed immobilism attacked sides france imagery grown unremitting contest left left heart states french saying seen side closest pocketbook general political tendencies perennial france issues problems change policies devised cope coalitions formed put policies war ii percent registered french voters cast votes parties left percent parties center percent parties nearly percent vote
german means thing sake runs german saying ill german committed admiration astonishment horror neighbors german diligence orderliness renowned german train goes saying conductor duty passengers thousand earlier roman historian tacitus called ancient germans incurably undisciplined lazy gifts character british french american political systems regimes germany governed roots part political culture country roots reflect images conflict cooperation hierarchy equality embodied things granted images lodge minds explicitly discussed formal political problems german technology united states soviet union britain france advanced countries german history radically german politics german politics understood looking german institutions events changed century discern german politics means works origins past present german federal republic youngest political systems governs quarters oldest peoples europe
democratic socialists depend large extent domei labor federation slightly million members largely blue collar unions private industry form moderate wing labor movement concentrating bargaining wages working conditions private employers avoiding disruptive strikes fear hurting competitive position respective companies lifetime employment komeito draws support largely members soka gakkai tend lower income city dwellers lacking affiliation large companies prestigious bodies joined religion means finding group identify opposition party komeito takes generally leftist stance ldp membership actually conservative coming educated fashioned traditional sectors urban society communists rely support labor unions small determined band communist believers tightly efficiently organized attract floating voters larger metropolitan areas necessarily attracted communist policies party register protest vote feel unsatisfactory conditions contemporary urban urban floating vote goes komeito seen organized effective party conservatives united ldp dominated politics postwar period partial break rule period october socialist democratic cooperative coalition cabinets led moderate socialist called dominance ldp parties bitter induced assume stance permanent uncooperative opposition
china presents greatest challenge comparative analysis politics government sheer weight population makes china largest nations estimated nearly billion europe quarter humankind china provinces szechwan rich upper valley yangtze river roughly size britain france germany china nation nations continent idea political idea china older idea unified europe ancient kingdoms egypt persia rome india spawned beginning iron age disappeared centuries chinese successfully maintained centralized government periods disorder millennia structure government relationship population extent informing ideology changed dynasty dynasty concept china indivisible political cultural unit remains alive expressed idea reunified europe vast china size sufferings mid nineteenth century gigantic cataclysms taiping rebellion japanese war civil war murderous conflicts human history wars snuffed lives living today small states holland nigeria vietnam russian french american revolutions built period culminate period violence soon terminated return normalcy chinese chaos form banditry warlordism social degeneration administrative disintegration lasted decades
certainly communists small part chinese political system half century population china won october larger membership date ccp numbered million members size communist party soviet union elements modernization communists power nearly forty central government china constantly changing leadership groped falteringly formulas build china constitutions large moderately successful central bureaucracy chiang national government kuomintang remaining party supported primarily classes cities landowners countryside expanded membership extensive political organization resembling features european fascist parties era chinese republican era despite extent chaos surrounded begun create basis modern economy cities rudiments nationwide communications system helpful integrating nation china revolution resembled russian events china poor non western country ravaged war famine differences striking china political traditions rich highly developed communist party mature experienced ruling social fabric torn century disorder wartime russia
written iran change quickly early revolutions bring rapid iran revolution finished real revolutions reversed iranian revolution genuine brought likely endure important things decided politics royal palace major matters fixed power monarch powerlessness religion interest groups obedience army police subordination peasants workers clerks intellectuals wealth landowners big business firms foreign stake banks large industries nationalized stay returned private ownership peasants holding land tenants kind land reform peasants competing property owners push cooperatives collectivization economy developed left stagnate linked closely market isolated country move free market system central planning politically move combining dictatorship democracy economic patterns seek combination big industries oil petrochemicals economy small peasants artisans merchants short run oil production declined drastically inducing economic recession iranian culture stake religious leaders power decisions economics politics law education daily increasingly seen responsible
countries latin america occupy special position older highly developed nations newly independent nations developed countries despite rising incomes inequalities continue countries region rich live luxury poor live starvation levels poverty poverty underdevelopment distinguish absolute wealth human welfare standards constitutional freedom industrial countries europe north america foreign powers heavily influenced history boundaries traditions economies predominant lauguages cultures countries western derived spain portugal pre existing indian civilizations largely absorbed wiped cases latin american nations won independence nineteenth century successful revolutions asian african nations independent independence elites economies influenced britain france united states colonial powers spain portugal western science technology literature mass immigration resources sufficient produce development short countries latin america represent combination developed conditions traditions indian latin iberian northern european american cases african elements intermingling combining patterns political development countries region reflects diversity uniqueness countries chosen chapter cuba mexico brazil richer countries asia africa latin america politics stable fifteen countries sizes traditions
portuguese africans brazil part single absence immigrant women ensured brazilian population beginning mixture races early twentieth century sociologist gilberto freyre popularized importance mixture races indian european african book masters slaves mixed blood principal adventurers bandeirantes pushed brazilian frontier westward especially unique aspect brazilian history constitution monarchy colony americas successfully preserve institution monarchy separating mother country contrast monarchical failures mexico haiti colonial reforms portuguese minister pombal spite unsuccessful revolutionary attempts including nationalist tiradentes joaquim jose da silva xavier toothpuller brazil remained close parent country napoleon set invade portugal prince joao john fled brazil british assistance established portuguese monarchy rio de brazil population approximately million larger portugal monarchy prince joao issued decrees encouraging trade banking agriculture industry encouraged expansion brazil north french guyana south rio de la plata spanish america shaken wars independence brazil ruled foreign monarch violent break past marked brazil birth nation prince joao returned portugal left government brazil hands son dom pedro
easy determine human oak tree grasshopper living rocks remains difficult formally define believed living system distinguished nonliving system possession special vital force centuries searching understand single substance force unique living things defining reexamine ideas list features living things common find living things share characteristics precise kind organization metabolism homeostasis movement responsiveness growth reproduction adaptation environmental change distinguish nonliving things consider characteristics sections kind organism living thing recognized characteristic appearance structure living things homogeneous parts special functions organisms vary greatly size appearance viruses composed basic units called cells cell simplest part living matter carry activities simplest organisms bacteria unicellular consist single cell contrast body human oak tree billions cells complex multicellular organisms processes entire organism depend coordinated functions constituent cells fig living organisms chemical reactions place essential nutrition growth repair cells conversion energy usable forms
levels organization distinguished protein molecule sequence amino acids polypeptide chain constitutes primary structure sequence later sequence nucleotides dna rna cell secondary structure protein molecules involves coiling peptide chain helix regular conformation shape peptide chains ordinarily lie flat coil randomly undergo coiling yield specific dimensional structure common secondary structure protein molecules known helix alpha helix involves formation spiral coils polypeptide chain helix uniform geometric structure amino acids occupying turn helix helical structure determined maintained formation hydrogen bonds amino acids successive turns spiral coil common type secondary structure pleated beta pleated sheet present fibroin protein silk composed strands extended zigzag chains amino acids lying side side joined hydrogen bonds fig structure pleated sheet makes flexible elastic hydrophobic interactions play role proper folding macromolecules tertiary structure protein molecule involves folding helix folding imparts specific structure protein molecule hydrogen bonding ionic hydrophobic interactions part peptide chain part hold folds place disulfide bonds amino acids covalent bonds important maintaining tertiary structure proteins proteins assume globular shape focus classifying proteins biological activity protein depends large part specific tertiary structure molecule held bonds
order carry chemical reactions sustain cell maintain internal environment regulate composition providing constant conditions despite cells simplest physically separated external environment limiting cell membrane referred plasma membrane cell membrane inanimate wall contrary complex mechanism permits selective interactions cell environment functions cell membrane regulates passage materials cell substances pass freely cell content reflect chemical composition surrounding medium disastrous results happen cell membrane prevent passage substances permitting facilitating passage cell membrane facilitates entrance needed nutrients exit specific products wastes prevents loss substances cell ways cell membrane regulates passage materials discussed later chapter cell membrane receives information permits cell sense environment respond cell surfaces equipped receptor proteins receive chemical messages cells substances combine receptors hormones growth factors neurotransmitters chemicals released nerve cells substances combine receptors membrane hormone receptor complexes pass membrane remain outer surface cell combination receptor stimulate membrane send signal cell resulting type response
types probabilities distinguished priori probabilities advance priori nature event flipping coin probability obtaining heads casting dice probability obtaining sides die probabilities independent event actually occurs contrast empirical probabilities obtained counting number times event occurs number trials surgeon performs type operation die probability death type operation empirical probabilities fields research theoretical basis priori basis predicting outcome type probability setting risk tables widely insurance firms scientist collects data number individuals traits population wants extent numbers agree ratio expected basis genetic theory methods sampling probability events independent probability coinciding product individual probabilities probability obtaining heads toss coin probability obtaining heads toss coin independent event probability obtaining heads successive tosses coin product probabilities chance obtaining heads successive tosses coin
griffith experiments explained fashion form inheritable information passed dead smooth pneumococci live rough information needed capsule lacking laboratory mutants passed cadavers dead smooth microbes early griffith remarkable experiments repeated modifications oswald avery researcher rockefeller institute york city avery reasoned transforming principle chemical substance conveyed genetic information dead bacteria living research team suspected substance part polysaccharide coat pneumococcus reasonable belief wrong experiments rockefeller institute scientists interior dead cells produced capsular transformation eliminated lengthy series experiments left dna found produce fibers smooth pneumococca dna capable transforming nonvirulent strains virulent manner dna carried genetic information focus studies bacterial viruses infallible eye hindsight tells biologists misdirected entirely false impression simplicity dna molecule dna kind picture watson crick colleagues eventually develop estimates dna typical cell vary ranging meters threadlike molecules cellular scale astonishingly large longest molecules kinds known polysaccharides proteins composed thousands repeating simple units dna larger large biologically active molecules composed small repeating subunits amino acids hexose sugars fundamental units dna nucleotides chapter
exciting aspects molecular genetics present development methods manipulating specific genes laboratory genetic engineering century nuclear physics century likely effect lives developments thermonuclear fusion techniques genetics engineering presently development involve formation artificial combinations dna originating organisms recombinant dna techniques permit investigators identify specific gene dna totality called library genes genome specific genic dna isolated transferred organism incorporated genome replicated host dna gene inserted fashion triplet reading frame correct dna transferred includes regulatory region promoter transcribed translated leading production protein host organism produced earliest successes achieved laboratory isolating gene coding production insulin rat human inserting genes dna favorite genetic tool colon bacterium escherichia coli bacteria grown vast amounts special fermentation tanks produce large amounts insulin fig separated bacterial proteins purified treatment human diabetes industrial production human specialized proteins scarcely begun immense commercial industrial potential medical applications specially altered enzymes intended industrial catalysts profitable products
consumers animals ultimately dependent producers raw materials energy oxygen animals dependent decomposers recycling nutrients animals distributed virtually corner earth early animals plants lived sea environments salt water fresh water land sea hospitable sea water isotonic tissue fluids marine animals problem maintaining fluid salt balance buoyancy sea water supports inhabitants temperature constant owing large volume water plankton organisms suspended water float movement water consists tiny animals plants protists provide ready source food disadvantages sea environment continuously motion motion brings nutrients washes wastes animals able cope constant churning currents sweep fish strong swimmers direct movement location effectively invertebrates owing body structure unable swim strongly adaptations sessile attaching stable structure rock wafted tides currents solve problem maintaining small body size part plankton tossed food supply continues surround able survive successfully brackish water estuarine environment fresh water meets sea presents special difficulties lower changing salinities restrict types organisms thrive
sea stars starfish members class asteroidea body sea star consists central disk radiate arms rays fig center underside disk mouth endoskeleton consists series calcareous plates permit movement arms base delicate skin gills gas exchange tiny spines called pedicellaria operated muscles surface animal free debris fig undersurface arm equipped hundreds pairs tube feet cavities tube feet connected radial canals arms turn connected circular canal central disk circular canal connected axial stone canal button shaped plate called madreporite upper aboral surface central disk tiny pores madreporite permit sea water enter vascular system sea stars carnivorous feed crustaceans mollusks annelids echinoderms occasionally catch eat small fish attack clam shell fish sea star mounts assuming humped position straddles edge opposite hinge tube feet attached shells begins pull sea star tube feet change groups active tube feet tired applying steady pull sides shells period sea star succeeds tiring powerful muscles clam forced relax opening shell
plants antennae energy sunlight captured ecosphere stored food later slow catabolic release living cells plants animals plants green mass background planet living matter composed plants includes tremendous variety algae vines shrubs trees grasses herbs diverse plant shapes variations common theme tracheophytes composed main parts leaves stems roots plant body divided underground root shoot consists stem leaves leaves generally main significant photosynthetic organs plant thin flat maximum absorption light energy efficient internal diffusion gases arranged plant interfere minimally light supply leaves plants form intricate green mosaic bathed sunlight atmosheric gases roots perform functions hold plant firmly soil important sole means plant absorb water mine nutrients soil roots plants extract thousand metric tons minerals soil minute stem plant midsection conducts commerce leaves roots water minerals travel upward carbohydrates travel downward upward important stem supports weight leaves growth thrusts leaves stems competitors plant flourish
chapter focused digestive system processes food chapter study nutrients utilized cells body nutrients recall chemical substances food utilized fuel release energy building blocks growth repair maintenance substrates metabolic processes nutrients needs obtained eating balanced diet carbohydrates lipids proteins minerals vitamins water specific needs vary species animals common nutritional requirements term metabolism describes chemical energy transformations place organism building synthetic phases metabolism called anabolism anabolic reactions nutrients assembled form macromolecules incorporated cell organelles serve enzymes catalyze specific chemical reactions anabolic activities require energy derived nutrients fuel carbohydrates fatty acids amino acids oxidized energy stored chemical bonds released conserved energy rich phosphate bonds atp energy needed phosphate ester bonds atp cleaved energy drive anabolic reactions forms cellular process larger molecules split smaller known catabolism individual reactions known catabolic reactions greater metabolic activity organism oxygen consumed amount oxygen utilized aerobic organism measure metabolic organism total metabolic rate sum basal metabolic rate bmr energy carry daily activities bmr reflects amount energy organism expend survive
animals defense mechanisms provide protection disease causing organisms pathogens defense mechanisms nonspecific highly specific nonspecific defense mechanisms deter variety pathogens preventing entrance body destroying quickly event penetrate body outer covering fig phagocytosis invading bacteria anexample specific defense mechanisms collectively referred immune responses term immune derived latin word meaning safe immune responses tailor type pathogen infects body highly effective production antibodies highly specific proteins help destroy pathogens body important specific defense mechanisms immunology studyof specific defense mechanisms exciting fields medical research today immune responses depend ability organism distinguish foreign matter recognition organisms biochemically unique cell types surface macromolecules proteins large carbohydrates slightly surface macromolecules cells species organisms species organism knows macromolecules recognizes organisms foreign single bacterium distinct macromolecules surface bacterium invades organism macromolecules stimulate organism launch immune response substance capable stimulating immune response called antigen invertebrate species studied demonstrate ability distinguish nonself invertebrates able nonspecific immune responses phagocytosis inflammatory response
water shapes basic nature distribution earth organisms consist mainly water medium metabolic reactions place simplest forms small organisms live sea obtain food oxygen directly sea water surrounds release waste products larger complex animals terrestrial animals internal sea blood interstitial fluid bathe cells transport dissolve nutrients gases waste products terrestrial animals continous stream water flowing water food drink formed metabolic reactions water part blood transports materials organism interstitial fluid formed blood plasma bathe cells body excess water evaporatesfrom body surface excreted specialized structures water content body concentration distribution ions precisely regulated process called osmoregulation fresh water protozoans contractile vacuoles periodically pump excess water osmotically drawn cell organisms structures rid body excess water ions adapted rid body metabolic wastes organs excretory system cells carry metabolic activities waste materials generated permitted accumulate waste products reach toxic concentrations threaten homeostasis waste continuously removed body excretion process removing metabolic wastes body term excretion confused term elimination fig undigested unabsorbed food materials eliminated body feces substances actually participated organism chemical metabolism entered body cells merely passed digestive system
suppose instructor arm hypodermic syringe full poison demand find type insect seen fight inject ganglia nervous system taught poison paralyze victim poison kill hard put accomplish tasks solitary wasp longer joint thumb elegance surgical precision instruction bee killer wasp philanthus captures bees stings places paralyzed insects burrows excavated sand fig philanthus lays egg victims devoured alive larva hatches egg philanthus returns hidden nest reprovision larva hibernating pupa fall generation offspring repeat behavior seen able perfection philanthus covers nest sand takes precise bearings location burrow flying hunt knowledge location burrow genetically pre programmed wasp dig cover kill bees behaviors genetically programmed burrow dug suitable location occurs location burrow learned dug determined dutch investigator nikko tinbergen tinbergen surrounded wasp burrow circle pine cones wasp took bearings returned moribund bee tinbergen moved circle pine cones
regularly mowed lawn highly productive community supposed greater species diversity evident close study reveal plants growth habits found low recumbent dandelions plantain tall able grow basally apically grass habits crabgrass natural wonder growth habits found lawn mowed tall growing plants chopped repeated mowing killed posess basal meristem grass avoid fate low growing elude mower blade entirely species fit categories plant census compared regularly mowed lawn neglected meadow woodland disclose greater species diversity stressed environment stress kind permits organisms preadapted survive kinds stress produce kinds degraded communities species compositions stress simplifies community reduces species diversity species remain achieving high biomass numbers individuals examples stress include aquatic pollution chronic exposure ionizing radiation continual exposure pesticides herbicides hospital environment continuing exposure bacterial populations antibiotics cases result principle species survive stress community simplified fig simplification community resistant stress type words potentially unstable
commonly understood united states countries especially developed nations overpopulated surely united states suburban sprawl stretches merging city farms sold cost food increases resources dwindle experience fuel shortages water pollution air pollution produce increasing blight individuals longer need convinced overpopulation reality present reality country run ideal population nation continent planet sustained indefinitely higher population densities generally result temporary expansion carrying capacity habitat technological means expansions depended consumption nonrenewable resources passage costs ecosystem form pollution nonrenewable resources dwindle finally cease ability ecosystem absorb pollution limited expansion continue indefinitely populations dependent present technology eventually drastically reduced resources consumed resulting population likely materially poorer fewer number mostafa tolba executive director united nations environmental program told delegates united nations conference global environment nations carry present policies turn century face environmental catastrophe witness devastation complete irreversible nuclear holocaust delegates conference feel exactly likely happen population pressures technological economic forces ingrained attitudes prejudices oppose measures attempted tempting view ecological future planet bleak light
living things appeared earth billion ago descendants diversified million kinds living organisms plants animals bacteria fungi single celled creatures called protists alive today human beings interested organisms matter survival needed organisms food clothing medicine shelter dangerous poisonous later luxury scholarly study examined organisms closely collected classified lists lived study living things generally known natural history science natural history forerunner biology true science hallmark sciences biology chemistry physics experiments answer questions chapter consider scientists asking answering questions science looking finally summarize important concepts biology synopsis covered book science assumed enormous importance modern society decisions affecting future depend scientific discoveries person learn known science practical applications responsible citizens follow important studies bear public issues apply scientific reasoning arrive positions issues mysterious scientific reasoning experiments merely logical ways trying solve problems business historians everyday lives
bringing order chaos confine metabolic pathways specific locations instance enzymes involved series related reactions arranged large multienzyme complexes complexes increase efficiency product released enzyme substrate neighbor bind molecule diffuses multienzyme complexes attached biological membranes structures providing anchorage enzymes membranes partition compartments kinds substrates segregated concentrated features help speed activity metabolic pathway separate pathways divert substrates undo accomplishments intricate system controls apportioning supply substrates pathways need controlling pathway output enzymes strategic points beginning metabolic pathways allosteric enzymes exist forms section form active enzyme binds substrate active site converts substrate form needed enzyme pathway active enzyme converted inactive form kind molecule binds regulatory site part molecule enzyme built regulatory site binds end product metabolic pathway metabolism proceeds molecules pathway final product accumulate product molecules bind regulatory sites allosteric enzyme molecules converting enzyme molecules active inactive allosteric form slows activity metabolic pathway
pessimistic character cartoon disliked bombs put bits realized bombs faster arrive inevitable end result left devices eventually anyway principle called law thermodynamics states amount disorder entropy universe increase simultaneously energy decreases living organisms run counter law increasing disorder bodies maintain molecular orderliness organism maintains chemical composition environment internal chemical composition permitted vary narrow limits growing organism increases orderliness increasing amount matter organized living cytoplasm fact existence compatible law thermodynamics law applies isolated system bomb organism system surroundings organism maintains orderliness expense environment total entropy organism environment increases organism entropy organism acquires energy environment energy proceeds downhill path organism directs course extract energy organism goes combat universal tendency increasing disorder synthesize molecules needed growth repair reproduction move substances body move body organisms obtain energy mainly food living depends main energy processing pathways meet energy needs photosynthesis respiration
average eukaryotic cell dna transcribed rna unlikely transcription remaining dna blocked tens thousands repressor proteins common sense suggests general method gene repression turns eukaryotic genes experimental findings beginning bear prediction evidence rapidly accumulating control transcription eukaryotes differs prokaryotes stage process gene expressed structure chromosome altered regulatory proteins substances bind dna prevent transcription figure deal stages regulation specific substances resembles control transcription encountered prokaryotes gene activity controlled prokaryotes eukaryotes gene regulatory proteins similar prokaryotes found eukaryotes instance protein needed transcription rna makes part large ribosomal subunit protein called transcription factor bind sequence base pairs middle gene gene transcribed researchers discovered eukaryotic equivalent prokaryotic operator genes pancreatic cells produce insulin william rutter workers discovered enhancer sequences nucleotides present gene turned workers searched enhancers assumption regulatory enhancer protein binding enhancer dna sequence activates structural gene
human beings understood plants animals inherit characteristics parents prehistoric doubtless recognized child resemblance parents bred calves cows gave milk saved productive grain seed breeding plants animals put scientific basis beginning century science genetics study patterns inheritance hereditary characteristics called characters traits passed parents offspring information applied things practical goal breeding economically strains plants animals genetics based gregor mendel monk later abbot monastery brunn czechoslovakia mendel reported meeting brunn society study natural science published mendel paper presented completely beautifully documented theory inheritance lead immediately spate genetic research influential scientists studying inheritance reveled maze complex theories read mendel paper dismissed results trival explained simple model mendel received attention death rediscovered simultaneously hugo de netherlands carl correns germany erich tschermak austria meantime chromosomes named movements mitosis meiosis observed sections scientists reading mendel theory realized results breeding experiments dovetailed elegantly behavior chromosomes meiosis chromosomes moved precisely expected structures responsible patterns inheritance mendel reported
discussed genetics chapters considering evolution knowledge genetics makes evolution easier understand nineteenth century biologists advantange hindsight charles darwin alfred russel wallace proposed theory evolution means natural selection mendel unveiled genetics mendel scorned geneticists noticed contradicted misconceived hypotheses general recognition mendel findings biologists accepted idea evolution means natural selection correct explanation organisms including darwin troubled evolution compatible known genetics theory evolution states today organisms arisen descent modification ancient forms instance biologists believe human beings evolved extinct animals chimpanzees happened erratic accumulation genetic thousands generations hard appreciate today revolutionary theory put forward evolution shocking idea tendency language think terms unchanging types ancient greek philosopher plato instance believed eternal unchangeable prototypes horse dog inanimate objects tables real horses dogs tables merely imperfect versions ideal types idea humans imperfect image god reflects thinking
viruses tiny particles composed largely nucleic acid protein lacking features living cells discovered late nineteenth century observation infectious agents responsible smallpox tobacco mosaic small seen light microscope pass filters stopped known bacteria found viruses reproduced inside living cells viruses occupy strange limbo living nonliving worlds living organisms possessing genetic material composed nucleic acids capable mutation recombination viruses evolve adapt changing environments hand viruses cellular ribosomes metabolic machinery protein synthesis energy generation lacking components viruses reproduce inside host cells reproduction unique cells reproduce growing eventually dividing cells complete set components needed viruses contrast disassembled separate nucleic acid protein components host metabolic machinery produces dozen hundreds viral genomes thousands protein subunits viral coats components assembled virus particles particles size original unlike cells viruses grow bizarre feature viruses crystallized common property minerals fairly complex organic molecules certainly living cells crystallized viruses wetted exposed living host cells soon establish infections business producing virus particles
kingdom fungi eukaryotic multicellular organisms adapted absorbing food molecules surroundings decomposers fungi vitally important members plant animal kingdoms dead leaf drifts forest floor animal dies disease fungal bacterial spores floating air settled spores quickly germinate begin break dead organism releasing small organic molecules food minerals absorbed decomposer nearby plants fungi important economy human societies fungi tremendous losses food crops fungi important contributions production foods medicines chapter study fungal classification fungi importance fungi humans fungi produce food photosynthesis green plants mouths ingest organic matter animals absorb food cell walls plasma membranes fungi saprobes absorbing food dead organic matter parasites absorbing food living bodies organisms fungi secrete digestive enzymes hydrolyze organic matter small organic molecules minerals fungus absorb substances produced enzyme action absorbed fungus waste products fungus metabolism enrich area fungus humans characteristic deliberately introducing fungi increase nutrient content foods absorptive lifestyle fungi intimately important characteristics production spores mycelial growth
redwoods coastal mountains california canadian pines hemlocks cypress standing knee deep southern swamps ginkgo trees city streets wiry ephedra western deserts palm cycads tropics members classes lumped term gymnosperm largest group gymnosperms conifers familiar groups nearly gymnosperms trees shrubs woody vines fewer species dominant groups survive today cover large areas earth surface oldest tree bristlecone pine pinus longaeva mountains eastern nevada gymnosperm tallest tree redwood sequoia sempervirens metres high tree greatest bulk giant sequoia sequoiadendron giganteum nicknamed general sherman meters tall metres base gymnosperms show striking advances plants discussed characteristics allowed gymnosperms adapt live dry places mosses ferms survive main features contributing gymnosperm success evolution reproductive structure seed word gymnosperm literally means naked seed reference absence ovary surrounds seeds advanced group plants angiosperms naked gymnosperm seeds unprotected pried seed pine cone figure seeds adapted dispersal spores disperse primitive land plants
earliest organisms lived sea provided oxygen carried carbon dioxide wastes surrounded environment constant temperature chemical composition body fluids higher animal likened tiny captive sea perform functions inside animal body sea performs primitive organisms cells multicellular animal live environment extracellular fluid ecf cells obtain food oxygen ecf discharge wastes ecf remain favorable cellular environment constantly receive fresh food oxygen cleansed wastes roles transport system smallest animal means transporting substances body oxygen moved body ecf cell food molecules move site digestion ecf waste products removed ecf expelled fluid systems called vascular systems facilitate transport members animal kingdom circulatory system vascular system transport fluid moves rhythmically direction propelled muscular pumping structure think transport systems tend imagine blood vessels fluid moving closed tubes number ways transporting things body human body transport system involves open tubes open spaces ecf closed blood vessels senses closed
suffer diseases measles chickenpox mumps encounter pathogens diseases evokes response body equips dispose kinds pathogens effectively invade response bigger marks reaction product immune system study immune responses makes science immunology measles immune attacks measles rubella german measles common cold immune response measles specific virus measles specificity immune response means body able distinguish measles virus foreign occur body immune response bout measles protects body measles viruses encountered later immunity obviously involves sort memory body remembers previously encountered virus characteristics specificity recognition foreignness memory basic features immune responses role immune system recognize destroy foreign antigens invade body antigen substance stimulate body mount immune response common antigens protein substances organism instance glycoproteins cell plasma membrane act antigens provoke immune response organ transplanted person bacterial viral proteins act antigens virus bacterium invades blood stream
digestion respiration circulation excretion reproduction processes isolated ease study inseparable living animal coordinated seen examples coordination control breathing body fluid volume animal nervous endocrine hormonal systems bear primary responsibility integrating activities sense organs receive stimuli light chemicals pressure carry information body internal external environments information relayed nervous sytem directs muscular hormonal adjustments responses major things maintain internal homeostasis behavioral responses external environment figure remaining chapters animal biology deal nervous system sense organs muscles glands coordinating activities living animal begin neurons cells transmit messages nervous system sensory neurons carry information receptor cells sense organs neurons central nervous system cns consisting brain spinal cord motor neurons carry messages body effectors muscles glands interneurons neurons sensory motor neurons form network processes sensory information sends instructions effectors motor neurons neurons pass information small spaces synapses separate neurons neuron synapse single neuron receive information send information parts body arrangement number neurons synaptic connections animal nervous system determine animal responds stimuli kinds behavior perform
productivity ecosystem limited supply sunlight availability water cases limited availability inorganic nutrients living organisms require elements large quantities carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen phosphorus sulfur elements needed smaller amounts include sodium potassium manganese calcium iron magnesium chlorine iodine cobalt boron elements present rocks salts released erosion weathering soil rivers lakes oceans elements nitrogen oxygen present atmosphere movements nutrient elements biosphere ecosystem physical processes erosion deposition evaporation precipitation biological processes uptake release called biogeochemical cycles called cycles nutrient elements unlike solar energy living systems average breath inhale million atoms inhaled plato person history lived nutrients recycled rapidly living systems grasslands ground vegetation dies decomposers break dead plants nutrients season cases nutrients spend activities biological remains marine organisms sink ocean bottom incorporated sedimentary rocks uplifted exposed erosion nutrient release millions nutrient element fate depending physical chemical properties role living organisms illustrate concept nutrient cycling simplified examples
populations species organisms basic biological units ecosystems ideal environmental conditions number individuals population increases geometrically innate capacity natural increase rm biotic potential determined mainly age female parent reproduction influenced number individuals produced reproductive event parent reproductive lifespan population seldom reproduces rm environmental resistance slows population increase actual rate increase decrease population growing exponentially factors limit population growth density dependent predation competition resources density independent bad weather growth population ceases influence factors size population fluctuate approximately carrying capacity environment species survivorship curves members population reflect population reproductive strategy extremes members population produce small offspring give parental assistance subsequent survival produce large offspring nourished trained parents survivorship curves basis constructing tables predicting future population size competition play important part regulating size population scramble competition members species equal opportunity share resource times abundance population increase dramatically suffer resource contest competition strongest aggressive members species acquire resource need leaving weaker members survive left
insect moves scent mustard oil behavioral experiments wasp diaretiella rapae insect herbivore parasite aphid feeds crucifers moving mustard oils permits find host experiments shown aphid free parasitism rapae noncrucifer beet plant crucifer heavily parasitized aphids feeding beets smeared mustard oil heavily parasitized aphids feeding ordinary beets experiments merely examples shown variety animals living crucifers organized secondary compounds mustard oils protect crucifers eaten herbivores compound plant plainly act attractant repellent mustard oils feeding stimulants flea beetles oviposition egg laying stimulants cabbage white butterfly lays eggs crucifers attracted mustard oils crucifers produce hand mustard oils repel herbivores eat crucifers efficiently plants produce secondary compounds structures similar insect hormones overdose insect molting hormone ecdysone similar compounds produced common polypody fern conifers flowering plants speeds phases insect development phases influenced hormone result misshapen individual soon dies
spread destruction told priest covered pustules parts faces heads breasts havoc died stir change position lie side face backs stirred cry destruction covered mantled pustules died starved death hunger care sick european reckoning september spanish troops led hernando cortes abandoned aztec capital tenochtitlan failing attempt gain control city unknowingly left smallpox germs ensure eventual triumph spaniards returned months later epidemic fatally weakened tenochtitlan inhabitants city held months spanish siege aztec house serpent august tenochtitlan finally surrendered spaniards conquered mexico site aztec capital built mexico city millennia separation inhabitants eastern hemisphere called encountered residents americas catastrophic results untold benefits spanish troops occupied tenochtitlan age european expansion colonization hundred fifty europeans spread civilization globe dominate native peoples asia africa western hemisphere
june dr alexander hamilton thirty scottish physician living annapolis maryland paid visit philadelphia encountered worlds consisted status merchants professionals called sort hamilton mingled governor club society gentlemen met taveren night converse subjects night hamilton attended entertaining discussion focused cervantes english poets hamilton reacted differently philadelphia composed variously termed rabble strange medley comicall grotesque phizzes spoke ignorantly regardless subject evening dined tavern mixed company twenty scots english dutch germans irish roman catholicks church presbyterians quakers newlightmen methodists seventh moravians anabaptists jew discussed business argued religion prevailing topick politics threat war france hamilton refused drawn conversations gentlemen consciously set ordinary folk commenting behavior participating exchanges women philadelphia hamilton met landlady firends ladies explained part att home seldom streets publick assemblies att churches meetings hamilton referring course women sort walked streets city seeing female domestic servants market women wives ordinary laborers going daily chores
late october young boston shopkeeper betsy cuming visiting sick friend house heard voilint skreeming kill kill betsy ran window saw john mein bookseller newspaper publisher chased larg croud call gentlemen added reality ware murderers disigne certainly later evening crowd thousand boys passed door kart exibited thought gore blod betsy concluded mob caught mein mistaken learned victim customs informer seized crowd mein shelter british army guardhouse night mein fled vessel anchored harbor later sailed england returned city john mein arouse antagonism gentlemen boston published newspaper boston chronicle generally supported british side current disputes colonies offense led mobbing specific printed lists names local merchants recently cleared imports boston custom house mein incident involved recorded examples american history carefullly orchestrated political leak official sources administrator printer access supposedly private customs records information mein revealed explosive fall american merchants signed agreement import goods britain mein lists vocal supporters nonimportation including patriot leader john hancock violating agreement
morning witnessed interesting scenes free witness margaret smith philadelphian wrote march sister law administration government age generally epochs confusion villainy bloodshed happy country place species distraction disorder thomas jefferson strolled jersey avenue boardinghouse federal capital washington sworn president capitol building precedent orderly peaceful change government established jefferson inauguration marked change style government beginning period americans struggling assert define nationalism amid challenges foreign domestic overnight formality federalist presidencies washington adams significantly altered jefferson set tone republican government aristocratic wigs breeches knee length trousers presidents favored jefferson wore plainer garb personally richer luxurious tastes adams jefferson rejected aristocratic wealthy pretentions federalists republican virtue restored ordinary folk celebrate jefferson inaugural overran washington causing federalists cluck tongues collapse authority order weeks inauguration jefferson lived worked modest lodgings blocks capitol ran presidency parlor bedroom continued eat communal dining table march move president mansion
twenty actors edwin forrest english rival william charles macready vied favor american audiences literary intellectual circles lionized macready artisans mechanics preferred forrest american stressed love flag country democracy actors appeared simultaneously york city posters challenging macready macready opening night ruined noise barrage objects including chairs thrown gallery later run crowd gathered theater protesting macready appearance symbol english aristocrats foreign rule adding fray anglophobic irish immigrants recently escaped famine english rule macready left theater police protection mob surged militia guard maintain order fired air missing rioters felling dozens bystanders twenty killed thirty injured incident extreme version chaos typical theaters englishwoman frances trollope domestic manners americans audience cincinnati theater spitting incessant accompanied mixed smell onions whiskey noises perpetual unpleasant kind theater poster forbade personal altercations part house uncourteous habit throwing nut shells apples pit clambering balustrade boxes end performance theater regularly evoked strongest passions americans patriotic fit seized yankee doodle called trollope observed think reputation citizen depended noise
south early product precisely kind resource exploiting commercial agriculture early colonies aspired develop nonmechanized agriculture remained highly profitable northeast southern planters sentimentalists held slaves noneconomic reasons face industrial revolution americans profit oriented circumstances allowed continue profit plantation economy revolution slave based agriculture exceedingly lucrative debt hung heavily virginia extravagant aristocratic tobacco growers prodding consider disadvantages slavery cotton lucrative export crop sea island planters grew luxurious staple variety short staple cotton grew readily interior unmarketable sticky seeds lay tangled fibers spite limited usefulness slavery wealth tied social inertia fear slave revolts prevented abolition england burgeoning textile industry changed southern economy english mills needed cotton sea island cotton profitable thousands farmers interior experimented short staple variety early southern farmers growing million pounds cotton meant domestic grown hope innovation crop salable english circumstances invention cotton gin inevitable eli whitney responded simple machine removed seeds fibers cotton spreading rapidly westward seashore states
beautiful spring sunlight balmy weather bathed nation capital saturday paused relax enjoy surroundings washington tense excitement professional gamblers flooded city outnumbered reporters leapt rumor scrap information morning passed crowd gathered senate chamber foreign dignitaries filled diplomatic box spectators packed senate galleries chamber thousands milled choking hallways spilling terraces streets precisely noon chief justice united states entered senate managers counsel stood ready soon senators seriously ill slowly chamber bringing number senators present full fifty principals solemn drama present high court impeachment accused andrew johnson president united states johnson appeared defend person waited anxiously white house chief justice salmon chase ordered calling roll senator put questions say respondent andrew johnson president united states guilty guilty high misdemeanor charged article thirty senators answered guilty nineteen guilty total short thirds majority nation vote removing president office extraordinary event brought executive legislative branches government severe conflict unprecedented problem reconstruction union furnished occasion deepening differences proper policy pursue led confrontation
conrad carl tried calm understandably nervous spring carl nearly thirty tailor york city appearing group senators washington committee education labor conducting investigation recent labor unrest senator james pugh confederate congressman alabama asking carl explain changing conditions tailoring business admitting testimony cost job carl answered candidly began tailoring carl explained wife children pieced garments hand pace relaxed able save dollars carl sewing machine invented introduced stitched nicely nicer tailor bosses want sewing machine buy carl fellow tailors meager savings buy machines hoping earn producing employers cut wages raising tailors found earn machine money machine found machine profit bosses quicker nicer carl discouraged seen mechanization troubling effects workers machine makes noise neighbors want sleep stop sewing earlier faster excitement hurry hunt
nearly thirty frank ventrone successfully pursued dream night literally shattered ventrone emigrated isernia town southern italy providence rhode island bustling city industrializing america saving money buying property ventrone prominent businessman city fast growing italian immigrant community residents form isernia ventrone biggest success pasta business furnished community staple food business source trouble summer food prices rising ventrone trend increasing price pasta angered threat overburdened incomes providence italian section vented frustration ventrone warm august weekend marched neighborhood broke windows block property owned ventrone entered business establishment dumped stock macaroni street police arrived quell disturbance rioters resisted catcalls violence insisting matter internal resolved community monday ventrone agent met community members agreed lower prices ventrone overstepped bounds ethnic loyalty suffered result signor ventrone owes colony declared neighborhood newspaper brave colony stand justice providence macaroni riot dimensions transfer immigrant cultures mobility rags respectability continued poverty amid economic uncertainty eruption violence millions events characterize city america
william seward travels scenic alaska august revived enthusiasm huge territory secretary bought russia earlier colony abundant marine treasures whales sea otters seals salmon seward foresaw opportunities fishing fur trade remarked effusively alaska thick forests rich deposits iron ore coal copper gold unaware vast petroleum supplies eagerly tapped twentieth century told white settlers sitka true pioneers indian populated land reinforcements reassured alaska destined prosperous shipyard supply nations seward oratory exaggerated reflected optimism characteristic century americans expansion natural preordained banner manifest destiny purchased louisiana annexed florida oregon texas seized california western areas mexico acquired gadsden purchase export products abroad developed foreign trade important nation economic health destiny expand remarked russian diplomat negotiated sale alaska regretted escaped lust americans american lust space land markets resources tempered late nineteenth century americans applauded expansionism uneasy imperialism imposition control peoples denying freedom decisions undermining sovereignty imperialism variety forms formal annexation colonialism military occupation informal threat intervention economic manipulation
god murmered woodrow wilson moments holding ellen axson wilson hand died suffering kidney disease days earlier august vigil bedside president drafted message offering american mediation end menacing war european nations begun seldom painful personal official burdens fallen president twenty marriage ellen axson wilson central success woodrow wilson cherished loyalty intelligence strength family southern woman born presbyterian minister family educated small georgia women college dedicated making pleasant home husband daughters ellen axson wilson painter avid reader shakespeare wordsworth mother children clothing nursed scarlet fever planned family budget managed serene household mattered woman place spot quiet today sense emancipated woman complained stay home fixtures confine home entering husband active political discuss issues decision makers wrenching bereavement partner helped times crisis woodrow wilson faced momentous decisions america place war private grief found difficult concentrate affairs wilson striven practice control nations believed demonstrate dignity control
wrong company asked autoworker slavic descent fired ford motor company fourteen employment cars selling money lose home quick children doctor daughters support family sick mother cried john boris thousand women gathered march hunger march ford huge river rouge plant dearborn detroit michigan marchers unemployed ford workers dearborn detroit authorities nonetheless blamed march communist party fact helped plan protest prepare list demands jobs food medical aid organize dearborn line marchers shivering temperature blocked phalanx police ordered disperse refused retreat police volleyed tear gas marchers hurled rocks firefighters soon hosed demonstrators ford stern faced private police assembled suddenly shots rang killing marchers policeman shouted gats let end skirmish marchers dead twenty wounded twenty police officers treated wounds rocks objects fundamental source trouble communist party marchers dearborn police henry ford nationwide disaster called depression detroit especially hard hit fall workers half city wage earners unemployed
dreadful flash dallas clattered newsroom teletype machines country eastern standard carried immediately radio television news soon streets remember precisely heard president john kennedy shot killed stopped moment psychologists call flashbulb memory freezeframing exceptionally emotional event incidental detail earlier american generation indelible memory december radio reports japanese attack pearl harbor stunned nation silence november john kennedy promise snuffed york city afternoon braked car halt middle busy intersection ran sidewalk luncheonette true asked looking counterman replied yes dead returned car slumped wheel oblivious impatient honking detroit sister kate seidenwand principal parochial grade school hearing president shot took children chapel started rosary praying wasn midst rosary secretary died personally overwhelmed wait minutes compose order tell students finally announce hear children sighs groans crying ken play flew cuckoo nest opened broadway couple friends driving triumphantly west coast
night watchman frank wills making rounds watergate apartment office complex washington june noticed doors connecting building underground garage taped locking wills removed tape returned thirty minutes later found replaced promptly telephoned police report illegal entry police arrested attaching listening devices telephones sixth floor offices democratic national committee cameras rifling files arrested james mccord cia employee security coordinator committee re elect president creep castro cubans miami unknown police watergate building illegally break howard hunt cia agent creep security chief gordon liddy fbi agent serving staff white house domestic council trying find democrats offices hope overhear telephones important ordered break twenty months american learn answers questions appeared rate burglary turn part official plot destroy free presidential election shoddy story watergate unfolded americans disillusion grow grown believing country powerful righteous democratic bountiful history humankind early fewer americans clung beliefs wondered shed innocence earlier
political vice presidential candidate democratic party woman woman geraldine ferraro decided confront union members campaigning october ferraro toured chrysler assembly plant rockford illinois told group workers read polls united auto workers going vote ronald reagan absolutely floored want listeners stared uncomfortable silence finally spoke blame jimmy carter lot problems record high interests rates iran weak foreign policy don hell explain moaned uaw official chrysler workers saying re going vote reagan opposed chrysler recovery program page roots ferraro knew democratic percentage union vote dropped percent presidential election percent believed vote signified rejection president jimmy carter endorsement reagan conservatism economy upswing reagan policies appeared conquered inflation high interest rates dealt blow unemployment americans applauded reagan foreign policy proud country stand russians patriotism style explanation president popularity proponent prayer public schools opponent abortion reagan argued return morality dominated american culture prior americans including catholics born christians agreed
ways recognized hundred death elizabeth comprise century modern number developments peculiar modern european thought cluster true beginnings modern science galileo newton harvey boyle expression modern democratic ideas army debates english civil wars decisive break millennium religious dominance end wars religion acceptance principle religious tolerance achievement lasting constitutional representative government england glorious revolution permanent settlement english colonists america origin century modern era filled meaning future fluid europe ways planted america free choking weeds outmoded habits america testing ground difficult predict happen european ways wither strike root change adapt environment part century plasticity characteristic end century mold hardened number ways americans generations settled course hundred coming tight isle vast land america untamed dense forest remarkably flora covered crops yield
half eighteenth century thomas wertenbaker golden age american culture elegance replacing mere comfort homes rich comfort supplanting privation houses rich farmers merchants planters craftsmen building prosperous productive economy society graceful cultivated model western european culture firmly established edge north american wilderness middle eighteenth century towns boston york charleston philadelphia miniature londons frontier forests indians hundred miles west european civilization transplanted seeds civilization sprouting paradoxically europe colonizing experience doomed success act flourishing english colonies ceasing european budding american consciousness evidence forcing frame revolutionary era burst flower probe signs cultural independence arts colonial america unrewarding task franklin remarked cares necessaries think embellishments america raw poor able train teach afford artists style achieved contemporary europe franklin young geniuses begin lisp attempts painting poetry musick admit geniuses attempting transplanting european culture america
awakening religious revivals wash large areas rural america result periodic waves religious emotionalism christian ideals strong moral sense freshened refreshened minds americans completely effaced dark deistic questioning eighteenth century materialistic cynicism nineteenth puritanism certainly bequeathed later generations seen penchant moralism typically unfortunately american dissemination masses revivals original puritans women america commented austrian traveler surrounded privileges attentions unknown european wives returning american soldiers war ii observations arrival united states origins special place women america buried deep colonial era empty land acted magnet land hungry barrier delicate hardships inherent settling wilderness tended predominate women passengers immigrant ships seventeenth eighteenth centuries group indentured servants left bristol england males women maryland census showed white persons adult women
measure importance american attached canals rairoads support governments gave enteprises number scholars recent increasingly clear financial assistance local government crucial building lines transport known course erie canal entirely built ventures assumed full responsibility construction private enterprise heart resources blue ridge railroad virginia western atlantic georgia commonest mode public assistance internal improvements called mixed enterprise public private funds pooled forty civil war virginia employed mixed corporation building internal improvements fifths capital corporations contributed private persons fifths naming proportionate number directors receiving dividends virginia invested million projects states encouraged transportation construction concrete ways missouri constitution instance explicitly stated internal improvements forever encouraged government million pledged improvements despite fact figure twenty times average annual income pennsylvania invested million funds mixed corporations massachusetts spent million railroads continued interest public aid transportation civil war building hoosac railroad tunnel cost million
settlers arrived america object curiosity europeans thirties forties fifties nineteenth century united states interesting europeans soviet russia hundred later scores foreign travelers grand tour america dutifully recording impressions edification fortunate curious fellow europeans era tocqueville mrs trollope charles dickens harriet martineau charles lyell fredrika bremer captain hall america writings vistors agreed united states experiment democracy english chartists struggling democratize english government united states appeared bright luminary western hemisphere radiance extend atlantic broad expanse light freedom happiness course democratic dogma brooks adams call later pushed outer limits common political aribiters participants majority rule invested kind sanctity era popular colors added bare outline american politics inherited revolutionary fathers modern party system presidency bore indelible marks andrew jackson james polk principle administration government permanently implanted american political thought eighteenth century noticed vote proportionately united states england european countries
louis kossuth hungarian revolutionary america visiting europeans believed america unequaled general intelligence general prosperity glorious evidence mankind capacity government europeans fail notice fact human slavery english newspaper phrased canker root seemingly fair flourishing plant threatens republic modern times warning large united states john stuart mill tartly remarked country institutions profess founded equality maintains slavery black simply slavery truth denial american equalitarian pretensions increasingly dominated affairs republic dominated thinking women shaping americans black white slavery inheritance colonial period common states republic course late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries northern states found institution repugnant conception liberty import economic combination blights slavery withered died number states states north clearly road extinction happily farther south promise result sufficient allowed southern leaders revolution washington madison jefferson patrick henry frankly looked forward slavery completely republic meant wanted blacks slavery
henry grady publicist spokesman business minded south journeyed boston deliver oration speech race problem south spirited defense southern need south free solution negro question finished reported boston herald describing reaction predominantly republican gathering audience rose en masse joined cheer boston cradle nursery militant abolitionism capitulated south blacks find merit southern position certainly false argue booker washington masses leadership agreed southern conception proper place black american equally washington view place limited summed celebrated analogy fingers hand purely social meaning whites negroes separate fingers hand things essential mutual progress unprecedented praise white southerners heaped atlanta exposition address set conception negro place betrays closely position coincided white south philosophy race relations retreat militant cry equality opportunity outlook earlier leader race frederick douglass argued washington realistic set limited role blacks
spread factory land lent credence belief america opportunities unlimited material success sign virtue horatio alger jr virtues money making assumed exulted wide opportunity success country fortunately wrote places industrious living willing accept falls willingness turns scale converts threatening ruin prosperity success andrew carnegie course articulate preachers cult success period widely exemplar john rockefeller opinion matter poor persons possessed infinite possibilities master knack economy thrift perseverance success americans days benjamin franklin talked ahead organized money making industrial age teaching secrets material success thriving business publication handbooks art success popular success books printed fifths appeared cent published northeastern section country industry commerce opportunities success centered popularizing bitch goddess success william james caustically phrased job publicists businessmen clergymen protestants prominent prescribing proper avenues attainment earthly rewards
america reaching labor ratio sexes immigration expected older immigrant nationalities families mode migration tended distribute sexes evenly peoples emigrated single married left families instance decade cent newcomers decade cent significant periods excess favorable age distribution meant immigration provided productive labor expected normal increase population true labor typical immigrant especially skilled overlook skills immigrant added wealth america emigrants industrialized commercial northern western europe noteworthy regard germans nationality dominated cabinetmaking pianomaking york city entrepreneurs industry steinway immigrants germans prominent skilled bakers tailors shoemakers york englishmen coming technically advanced society war skilled workers machinists mechanics shipbuilding workers backbone american glass industry skilled belgian workers skills workers brought comprised part immigrant contribution american industrial development common unskilled labor important addition
urban effect protestantism shattering later beneficial roman catholicism apparent true catholic church america flourishing largely poor immigrants cities required instruction degradation poverty squalor tenement living protestant clergymen beginning concerned churches alienation frankly envious rome appeal catholic church remarked samuel loomis emphatically workingman church rears edifices midst densest populations seats seats filled richard ely economist complained middle eighties protestant ministers difficulty fair labor true catholic priests difference ely emphasized difference knowledge catholic revealed acquaintance movements masses protestant ignorance president theodore roosevelt discussed proposed arbitration commission union leader john mitchell coal strike mitchell asked roosevelt reported roman catholic prelate put body mass miners roman catholics obviously catholic workers trusted churchmen centuries diverse historical experience social adjustment roman church unprepared era protestantism adapt industrialization transformed society seat catholic authority rome leo xiii encyclical rerum novarum american church speak authority idiom industrial age
hurricane reform called progressivism blew levels american political social things response challenge city factory attempt bring heel untamed forces reduced american dream mockery decades voices protest labor unions churches populists publicists utopian novelists increasing number growing volume orgy corruption chicane piling corporate individual wealth continued squalor cities spread poverty farms deepened decade nineties experienced deepest depression brought fresh examples class cleavage class hate bloody struggle workers pinkerton police homestead deliberate starving pullman employees clashes federal troops striking railway workers chicago pitiful march army unemployed dramatizing workers desperate need thousands workers struggled jobs eke existence reduced wage york tribune reported millionaires country truly american society riven poor rich ideal america equality opportunity social justice decency government nightmare ideals inverted kind social black mass progressivism changed advent bright spring bleak depressing soul crushing days february
founding republic cataclysmic events sliced fabric american snapping threads ordinarily bind past future war union event depression civil war precipitated political moral tensions preceding era depression culmination social economic forces industrialization urbanization transforming america depression pervasiveness thirties happen tightly interlaced multitudinous cords machine civilization embedded matrix urban society history economic collapse brought americans starvation endured close overturning basic institutions american understandable experience issue conception society economic dimensions depression quickly sketched quickly permit full appreciation abyss economy slid stocks york exchange slumped high billion mere billion wholesale prices dropped percent farm prices ceased exist cent low level realized national income plummeted half boom true industrial production human cost catastrophic breakdown complicated industrial machine fortune magazine estimated september million totally unemployed million source income
don read book adventures tom sawyer matter book mark twain told truth mainly things stretched mainly told truth seen lied aunt polly widow maybe mary aunt polly tom aunt polly mary widow douglas told book true book stretchers book winds tom found money robbers hid cave rich thousand dollars apiece gold awful sight money piled judge thatcher took put interest fetched dollar apiece round body tell widow douglas took son allowed sivilize rough living house considering dismal regular decent widow ways couldn stand longer lit rags sugar hogshead free satisfied tom sawyer hunted going start band robbers join widow respectable widow cried called poor lost lamb called lot names meant harm
months run winter school spell read write say multiplication table times thirty don reckon live forever don stock mathematics anyway hated school stand uncommon tired played hookey hiding cheered longer school easier getting sort widow ways warn raspy living house sleeping bed pulled pretty tight cold weather slide sleep woods rest liked ways getting liked bit widow coming slow sure satisfactory warn ashamed morning happened turn salt cellar breakfast reached quick throw left shoulder bad luck miss watson ahead crossed says hands huckleberry mess making widow put word warn going bad luck knowed started breakfast feeling worried shaky wondering going fall going
pretty soon judge thatcher courts give money stopping school catched couple times thrashed school dodged outrun didn want school reckoned spite pap law trial slow business appeared warn going started borrow dollars judge getting cowhiding money drunk drunk raised cain town raised cain jailed suited kind thing line hanging widow told didn quit trouble wasn mad show huck finn boss watched spring catched took river mile skiff crossed illinois shore woody warn houses log hut place timber thick couldn find didn chance run lived cabin locked door put key head nights gun stole reckon fished hunted lived
days nights reckon say swum slid quiet smooth lovely put monstrous big river mile half wide run nights laid hid daytimes soon night stopped navigating tied nearly dead water towhead cut young cottonwoods willows hid raft set lines slid river swim freshen cool set sandy bottom water knee deep watched daylight sound anywheres perfectly asleep bullfrogs cluttering maybe thing looking water kind dull line woods side couldn pale place sky paleness spreading river softened warn black gray dark spots drifting trading scows things black streaks rafts hear sweep jumbled voices sounds streak water look streak snag swift current breaks makes streak look mist curl water east reddens river log cabin edge woods bank side river wood yard likely piled cheats throw dog anywheres nice breeze springs comes fanning cool fresh sweet smell account woods flowers left dead fish laying pretty rank full smiling sun song birds going
asked considerable questions wanted covered raft laid daytime running jim runaway nigger says goodness sakes runaway nigger run south allowed wouldn account things says folks living pike county missouri born died pa brother ike pa lowed break live uncle ben horse place river forty mile orleans pa pretty poor debts squared warn left sixteen dollars nigger jim warn fourteen hundred mile deck passage river rose pa streak luck ketched piece raft reckoned orleans pa luck didn hold steamboat run forrard corner raft night overboard dove wheel jim pa drunk ike considerable trouble coming skiffs trying jim saying believed runaway nigger don run daytimes nights don bother duke says leave cipher run daytime want think thing invent plan fix let today course don want town yonder daylight healthy
sun didn tie king duke turned looking pretty rusty jumped overboard took swim chippered deal breakfast king took seat corner raft pulled boots rolled britches let legs dangle water comfortable lit pipe getting romeo juliet heart pretty duke begun practise duke learn say speech sigh put hand heart pretty says bellow romeo bull say soft sick languishy roomeo idea juliet dear sweet mere child girl bray jackass couple swords duke oak laths begun practise sword fight duke called richard iii laid pranced raft grand king tripped fell overboard took rest talk kinds adventures times river dinner duke says capet want class show guess add want answer encores anyway onkores bilgewater duke told says answer highland fling sailor hornpipe let hamlet soliloquy
morning village bought wire rat trap fetched unstopped rat hole hour fifteen bulliest kind took put safe place aunt sally bed spiders thomas franklin benjamin jefferson elexander phelps found opened door rats aunt sally standing top bed raising cain rats dull times took dusted hickry hours catching fifteen sixteen drat meddlesome cub warn likeliest nuther haul pick flock likelier lot rats haul splendid stock sorted spiders bugs frogs caterpillars thing hornets nest didn family home didn give stayed allowed tire tire allycumpain rubbed places pretty couldn set convenient snakes grabbed couple dozen garters house snakes put bag put room supper rattling honest hungry reckon
doctor nice kind looking told brother spanish island hunting yesterday afternon camped piece raft found midnight kicked gun dreams shot leg wanted fix say let wanted home evening surprise folks folks says phelpses yonder says minute says say shot dream says shot singular dream says lit lantern saddle bags started canoe didn look big didn look pretty safe says afeard sir carried easy sid guns mean says put foot gunnel rocked shook head reckoned look bigger locked chained took canoe wait till hunt maybe home ready surprise wanted didn told find raft started struck idea pretty soon says fix leg shakes sheep tail saying takes days
catched tom private asked idea evasion planned evasion worked managed set nigger free free planned head start jim safe run river raft adventures plumb mouth river tell free home steamboat style pay lost write word ahead niggers waltz town torchlight procession brass band hero reckoned jim chains aunt polly uncle silas aunt sally found helped doctor nurse tom heap fuss fixed prime give wanted eat sick room high talk tom give jim forty dollars prisoner patient jim pleased death busted says dah huck tell tell dah jackson islan tole hairy breas en de sign un en tole ben rich wunst en gwineter rich ag en true en heah dah doan talk signs signs mine tell en knowed jis uz gwineter rich ag stannin heah dis minute
boyle ideas opened era chemistry slow accepted hundred boyle existence oxygen element air discovered discovery working countries englishman joseph priestley minister gifted amateur chemist frenchman antoine lavoisier brilliant highly trained scientists taught swedish pharmacist carl wilhelm scheele devoted spare chemistry early priestley experimenting gas carbon dioxide scottish chemist joseph black obtained pouring acid chalk dissolving gas water priestley discovered carbonated water fizz water today ice cream sodas intrigued results experiment priestley interested properties gases magnifying glass focus sun rays mercuric oxide red powder observed powder turned black silvery film deposited inside container collected gas gas carbon dioxide produced earlier priestley knew carbon dioxide support combustion effect sample gas burning object find inserted burning candle container gas candle burned brightly ordinary air took deep breath gas found felt invigorated later remarked anticipating today oxygen tent invigorating gas salutary lungs cases priestley visited paris met dined lavoisier
atomic theory dalton laid foundation modern chemistry theory left important questions elements combine unanswered numerous experiments performed hundred twenty resulted modification dalton concept atom finally abandoned clear atom empty space dense positively charged nucleus detract dalton contribution insistence matter indestructible atoms caused experiment determine real nature atoms immediately formulation dalton theory investigators studying nature electricity concluded attraction atoms elecrical atom compound definite electrical charge experiments leading concept atoms composed minute subatomic particles rapid constant motion vast spaces undertaken quarter nineteenth century perform experiments concerning nature atom investigators crookes tubes glass tubes evacuated sealed electrode end negative electrode called cathode positive electrode anode high voltage source connected tubes rays cathode rays called cathode rays numerous experiments crookes tubes revealed cathode rays travel straight lines cathode anode experiments horseshoe magnet crookes tube direction bending rays cathode rays carry negative charge crookes tubes horizontal parallel plates oppositely charged scientists found cathode rays repelled negative plate attracted positive plate confirmed cathode rays negative charge magnet oppositely charged parallel plates modified crookes tube thomson england calculated speed negative particles called electrons speed light
look morning breakfast table substances compounds salt seasoning looks simple harmless wonder early chemists unaware salt separated elements harmless elements sodium silvery white metal dangerous touch chlorine greenish yellow gas choking odor highly poisonous consider water incredible gaseous hydrogen oxygen combined form liquid oxygen exists gas mixed gases atmosphere oxygen air element combines hydrogen water iron iron ores umcombined element sulfur found yellow solid mixed solids earth crust exist combinations instance iron compound looks gold called fool gold elements found uncombined ninety elements found free uncombined thought called chemically inert elements gases helium neon argon krypton xenon radon discovery dates sir william ramsay extracting nitrogen gas air noticed nitrogen obtained greater density gas obtained nitrogen compounds laboratory ramsay intrigued mystery collaboration friend lord rayleigh continued search months surprising announcement earth atmosphere contained elementary gas entirely science gas combine element named argon greek word meaning lazy
late eighteenth century concept oxidation changed markedly today chemists agree oxidation reactions require oxygen rapid oxidation combustion result formation heat light slow oxidation takes number forms including rusting ionic reactions substance loses electrons gaining positive charge oxidized reactions involving molecular substances oxidation occurs change sharing electrons particle positive ionic reactions substance gains electrons increasing negative charge reduced reactions involving molecular substances reduction occurs change sharing electrons particle negative reduction occurs oxidation emphasize fact process called oxidation reduction reactions known redox reactions substance reduced oxidation reduction reaction agent removes electrons brings oxidation oxidizing agent redox reaction oxidizing agent attains greater negative charge similarly substance oxidized agent loses electrons brings reduction called reducing agent redox reaction reducing agent attains positive charge system oxidation numbers redox reactions extent oxidation occurred prescribed set rules assigning oxidation numbers terms oxidation numbers oxidation refers chemical change increase oxidation number conversely reduction involves decrease oxidation number studies replacement hydrogen acids lead understanding activity metals metals listed order activities reducing agents list referred activity replacement series metals nonmetals order electrochemical series
seen ferric hydroxide sol particles ferric hydroxide positively charged arsenious sulfide sol particles arsenious sulfide negative charge expected sols mixed positive charge cancels negative charge particles neutralized precipitation occurs addition soluble ions sol precipitation deltas formed mouths rivers mississippi ions present sea water meet oppositely charged particles colloidal silt carried downriver fresh water stream particles precepitate building deltas mouth mississippi river positively charged sodium ions waters gulf mexico neutralize negatively charged silt particles build mississippi delta industrial smoke colloidal particles carbon metallic oxides substances particles precipitated salvaged device known cottrell precipitator precipitator consists alternately charged plates smoke passes enters smokestack charged colloidal particles attracted plates opposite charge valuable substances including precious metals recovered precipitators cottrell type serve reduce air pollution colloidal particles demonstrate unusual behavior particles attract ions molecules substances surfaces causing colloid precipitate process called adsorption notice adsorption differs absorption molecules absorbed actually enter pores absorbing substance adsorption hand phenomenon surfaces molecules adsorbed attach surfaces particles forming layer molecules thick gelatin molecules gel adsorb molecules water
william crookes english scientist studying radioactive properties salt uranium nitrate found ammonium carbonate added aqueous solution salt precipitate formed excess ammonium carbonate added precipitate precipitate redissolved small quantity remained crookes separated small quantity precipitate filtration evaporated liquid filtrate remained evaporation large amount solid residue contained uranium salt compared effect photographic film large amount residue small amount precipitate results startling residue filtrate essentially uranium exposed film slightly precipitate exposed intensely crookes assumed radioactivity property uranium impurity named impurity uranium conclusion natural incorrect soon later becquerel performed similar experiment allowed substances separated active precipitate active residue stand period months end found uranium salt residue completely regained radioactivity small amount precipitate longer radioactive mysterious substance precipitate substance active appeared lose radioactivity altogether crookes uranium rutherford frederick soddy english scientist method precipitation filtration separate extremely active precipitate element thorium substance behaved uranium named thorium noticed thorium eventually began lose radioactivity thorium started regain radioactivity exactly rate
greek mythology prometheus condemned chained rock suffer everlasting torment stole fire gods gave mankind smile account oil burners gas furnances fluorescent lamps electric stoves story emphasizes reliance early peoples fire fire warm dwelling provide light darkness cook food extract metals ores shape metals tools weapons recorded history depended fire provide heat energy learned fuels substances release heat energy combustion waterfalls important source energy newly developed solar heaters cookers occasionally nuclear energy source heat present rely combustion carbon fuels main source heat energy consumption fuel varies place rural areas wood coal heat pound pound locality large city coal gas oil owners similar buildings circumstances dictate choice fuel fuels contained amount stored energy pound difference availability rural dwellers ready access woodland rapidly dwindling supply fuel cost transportation poor choice city dwellers result gas oil coal principal fuels cities communities source natural gas fuel pipelines problems storage cleanliness convenience deciding factors choice fuel fuel oil tanks require space coal bins fuel oil avoid nuisance coal dust
charles goodyear accidentally discovered addition sulfur raw rubber improved elasticity varying temperatures stronger resistant wear discovery led modern practice vulcanization involves heating raw rubber sulfur sulfur compounds vulcanized rubber elastic flexible raw rubber desirable characteristics airtight waterproof absorbs vibrations nonconductor electricity excellent adhesive fabrication rubber articles involves series steps varies nature purpose final article special ingredients added desired properties ingredients antioxidants slowing normal oxidation rubber brittle zinc oxide carbon black color rubber improve toughness antimony sulfide metallic oxides provide color articles balloons gloves sponges bathing caps directly latex sulfur ingredients added liquid latex mold desired article dipped suspension thin film rubber adheres mold coagulated treatment acid drying vulcanized heating form thicker deposits rubber repeating procedure variation scheme rubber particles latex suspension electrically charged mold electrode passage electric current latex rubber particles deposited surface mold foam rubber products whipping air latex ingredients added frothy foam produced poured molds vulcanized heating dream synthesizing natural products recurrent frees uncertainty dwindling natural supply
fibers yarn spun cloth woven known centuries cotton linen readily obtainable plant wool sheep goats observation habits mulberry moth led chinese discovery silk preciously guarded secret difference origin fibers vary number properties view microscope distinctively cotton fibers flat twisted linen occurs jointed tubes resembling structure bamboo wool scaly structure fibers stick readily silk smooth tubular structure chemically cotton linen polymers glucose wool silk protein nature polymers simple chains amino acids properties chemical behavior fibers direct consequence features mentioned wool fibers stick readily woolen cloth traps considerable amount air air makes wool insulator feature lacking cotton linen silk cloth woven fibers cooler wool cotton linen burned ash left odor burning paper cellulose product evident destructive distillation cotton linen fibers produces fumes acid litmus wool silk burn difficulty charring form gummy residues fibers destructively distilled nitrogen proteins transformed ammonia detectable moist pink litmus paper sulfur wool changed hydrogen sulfide recognized effect moist lead acetate paper cotton linen unaffected solutions bases attacked acids wool silk attacked weakened warm solutions acids bases concentrated study natural fibers complete mention fibers find wide forms garments
believing reached east indies columbus called indians scholars generally agree ancestors indians started coming america asia ago series moves migrations migrants newcomers reached land bridge connected asia alaska fact continents asia north america remained joined ago flooding raised water level bering sea today bering strait separates alaska asia miles wide narrowest part number migrants coming reached alaska undoubtedly ice free route southward route important periods glaciers moving north interior continent newcomers reached area later united states settled southern portion plains hunted buffaloes found region east mississippi learned living dry lands extending southward utah arizona thousands migrating peoples continued advance central america western coast south america daring hunters pushed southward land end evidence found indians reached shore strait magellan ago wonder write confidence things happened ago kind information comes scientists called archeologists archeologists search remains left early try draw conclusions remains flint arrowheads scrapers cereal grains stored caves
countries england france holland unwilling accept line demarcation division trade lands spain portugal portugal growing rich trade asia countries wanted share trade find route east ahead portugal portugal ahead italian cities magellan route south america clearly route northeast europe northwest passage provide short cut china indies hundred bold sea captains france holland england sailed atlantic coast north america seeking direct route asia explorers search northwest passage giovanni da verrazano italian birth important voyage service france voyage took place victoria completed trip verrazano coast north america north carolina north newfoundland finding passage returned disappointed france ten later french explorer jacques cartier discovered mighty st lawrence river times crossed ocean search passage asia cartier sailed st lawrence exploring land banks reached indian village inland city montreal stands rapids prevented ships going farther upstream cartier realized st lawrence provided short cut asia explorers sought water route met misfortune death quarreled fell favor government died sea lands
exploration settlement riches flowed overseas empire spain powerful century spain power begun decline thing spain wisely wealth drained colonies spent european wars build spanish industries equally important power spain aroused fear envy countries england france holland realized spain power rested country possessions deeply resented line demarcation determined trim power spain strike spain nations trade spanish colonies spanish regulations forbade trade spanish government patrol entire coast colonists willing break law foreign ships anchor coast land merchandise night small boats english captain boldly sailed armed ship port sold negro slaves eyes spanish officials illegal trade greatly reduced income spanish merchants strike spain attack seize spanish merchant treasure ships armed ships france holland england roamed seas capturing spanish ships landing expeditions plunder towns coast spanish america raiders treasure booty worth millions dollars later sea rovers seized held spanish territory french pirates took western end hispaniola base raids spanish trade caribbean dutch pirates seized control island coast venezuela english pirates established coast central america columbus discovered england powerful country
overland transportation difficult early roads unpaved paths trees brush cleared deep holes choking dust oozing mud plagued travelers months impossible drive town carriages freight wagons jounced swayed rough roads preferred ride horseback flow settlers appalachian mountains west called attention need overland transportation united states government began building cumberland national road section road ran cumberland maryland wheeling virginia ohio river later stretches added national road reached vandalia illinois mississippi river main land route west streamed wagons coaches riders horseback pack horses foot especially westerners thought states national government build improved roads governments money purpose private companies began build roads surfaced roads rolled stagecoaches canvas covered conestoga wagons haul freight transport families belongings homes west movement coaches wagons slowed herds sheep cattle market points roads travelers required pay toll toll charges helped pay costs building roads keeping repair early toll gate pole pike set road raised turned let travelers pass roads called turnpikes
presidents differed views role play government presidents felt congress propose laws policies president carry presidents felt lead determining policy andrew jackson doubt duty carry elected slow tell congress supreme court president knew country actions aroused bitter opposition served nation soon andrew jackson president dismissed large number government officeholders postmasters held positions expected hold rest lives jackson believed citizens opportunity serve government wanted members party fill places officials dismissed jackson interested rewarding worked hard insure election practice giving government jobs political supporters called spoils system term comes saying victor belong spoils jackson election spoils system widely fill positions governments sure earlier presidents hesitated appoint supporters fill vacant government positions jackson president dismiss large number jobholders spoils system replacing procedure brought blood government service persons chosen chiefly political loyalty lack qualifications desire job soon jackson president tariff issue
jacksonian era immediately took place american realize education important democracy citizens vote part government able read write order informed important issues present standards opportunities education early limited true colonists established schools northwest ordinance declared schools means education forever encouraged virginia thomas jefferson tried organize system schools help educate children plans provide public education successful west families hard living schooling south children wealthy planters received education taught home schools started england colonial times neglected revolutionary war unsettled parents afford children private schools states practice parents children public schools pay part cost children education poor children attend public schools parents took oath declaring poor pay part cost educating children surprising poor preferred children school oath began demand schools supported taxation workers cities wanted sons daughters opportunity education believed schooling voting open
soon germany surrendered allied leaders met plans nation future agreed divide germany military occupation zones france britain soviet union united states administer zone germany disarm pay reparations nazi leaders stand trial war criminals powers operate trial nazi leaders international military court nuremberg germany judged nazi officials guilty agreement reached matters russians administered zone consulting occupying powers chief concern impose communism strip germany soviet union russian refusal operate working peace settlement germany caused france britain united states seek separate agreement western zones german federal republic democratic allied free soviet union responded establishing eastern zone german democratic republic russian satellite cold war produced germanies germany divided zones occupation berlin capital city similarly divided city deep russian occupation zone effort discredit western allies driving berlin soviet union stopped shipments land water west germany united states britain france met challenge airlift winter steady stream transport planes carried coal food medicine supplies west berlin airlift successful russia called blockade spring later governments established germany east berlin capital communist german democratic republic american british french troops remained west berlin part democratic german federal republic
canada part british empire french indian war britain try impose british ways policy deeply appreciated french canadians quebec act recognized laws customs religion french canadians doubtless major reason loyalty britain thirteen colonies revolted american revolution period immediately war thousand loyalists united states migrated canada majority settled nova scotia brunswick prince edward island ten thousand settled farther west north lake ontario english speaking settlers happy find homes british flag pleased laws forms government carried days french rule wanted establish english customs traditions diferences french english settlers quebec divided colonies lower canada present quebec upper canada ontario colony colonial legislature houses lower house legislative assembly elected upper house legislative council appointed governor british government chose governor turn appointed colonial officials elected assembly control taxes spending government funds parliament treatment canada reflected lessons learned american revolution parliament tax canada parliament grant colonists unlimited control canadian affairs british statesmen believed freedom underlying american revolution war raged europe conflict spread western hemisphere united states war britain leaders congress favored war wanted conquer canada
twentieth century period rapid change united states wars depression contributed break past fact science technology transforming american continuing influence change planning research distinguish twentieth century earlier times say planning research century goals sought government private intersts increasingly determined defining problems gathering analyzing essential information trial evaluation results provide evidence works eliminate guessing seeking solutions problems developing methods products achieved cost recent spectacular examples united states space program americans surprised stunned russians put satellite sputnik orbit earth october soviet union lead rocket development effort catch russians congress created national aeronautics space administration nasa civilian agency oversee america venture space experimentation rockets satellites forward rapidly president kennedy set goal american space program land moon decade step step nasa approached goal july american set foot moon millions watched television astronaut neil armstrong apollo crew descent lunar module small step giant leap mankind course planning research focused dramatic goals nasa
biology word comes greek bios meaning logos meaning study science biology knowledge living things previous generation biologists contributing sciences biology method investigating events problems need understand solve biology arose curiosity living things need survive improve condition planet earth biology sciences pushing forward unbelievable speed exaggeration say gained biological knowledge past twenty previous twenty centuries biology truly golden age sudden explosion knowledge let examine position biology today discover lies achievements recent coming renaissance science began develop worldwide scale slowly increasing pace scientists pushed barriers ignorance superstition prejudiced thinking middle ages stifled search understanding sixteenth century belgian medical student andreas vesalius rebelled methods characterized medieval medicine established scientific study anatomy seventeenth century william harvey english physician questioned ancient belief blood ebbed flowed veins body tides sea proposed circulated arteries veins later century marcello malpighi italian scientist microscope saw lung frog capilaries completed path arteries veins observation provided vital support harvey theory circulation harvey contribution today regarded major achievement modern physiology important branch biology
explore living condition observe wide diversity organisms need understanding matter energy evident understanding unable understand answers questions chemical substances comprise organisms foods changed digestion food substances growth maintenance living strctures foods broken supply energy organisms need activities seeking answer question biologist probes cell reach electron microscope probes atoms molecules level begin exploration matter defined occupies space mass matter composed particles atoms molecules kinds particles matter substance solid liquid gas depends particles associate physically solid atoms molecules substance packed closely dense solid particles constantly vibrate liquid space particles greater particles vibrate migrate freely body liquid space particles movement particles greatest gaseous cases atoms molecules comprise gases widely separated gases invisible air gases invisible air mass occupy space atoms molecules composing air matter answer question yes molecular matter changed altering chemical composition
familiar elements compounds inorganic organic found organisms consider materials actually compose plant animal cell structural unit materials organism organized specific cell structures organization materials cease mere chemical substances living matter real knowledge cellular biology essential area biological study nearly specialized branches biology relate cells physical scientists ushered atomic age result exhaustive studies molecules atoms alpha particles beta particles invisible forms matter equally important biological discoveries nation laboratories biologists finding basic unit cell hundred ago british scientist robert hooke published report entitled micrographia observations slices cork thin allow microscopic examination reported surprise cork consisted mass tiny cavities logically cavity enclosed walls reminded cells honeycomb called structures cells hooke realize important parts cells lacking saw empty shells cells contained active living materials surprising hooke follow discovery cell walls examination parts plants animals seen cell content passed scientist reported significant discovery relating cells french biologist dujardin viewed living cells microscope found content dujardin named material sarcode term later changed protoplasm
close silurian period beginning devonian land rising shallow warm seas covered earth millions rise occurred paleozoic era approximately million ago rising land provided environment set stage development land plants biologists believe green algae living ancient seas ancestors land plants evolutionary development transition aquatic terrestrial distinct lines line leads bryophyta phylum includes mosses liverworts line development resulted tracheophyta vascular plants include ferns relatives seed plants examine plants today obvious tracheophyte line successful bryophyte line evolutionary blind alley tracheophyte line hand shown continuing adaptation change structure ages seed plants dominate vegetation today descendants line bryophytes land plants developed primitive adaptations land conditions reason compete seed plants limitations bryophytes small size large land plant root system penetrate soil reach water supplies anchor aerial plant body mosses lack true roots absorbing structures small reach short distance soil anchor small plant body lack conducting channels vascular tissues stems mosses limits water conduction short distance restricting size grow
seed germinates root arises lower end radicle embryo plant grows downward soil root primary root short period growth primary root produces lateral branches secondary roots branching secondary roots occurs plant develops entire root system extent root system land plant compare stem branches definite rule root systems vary form extent species environmental factors physical nature soil soil moisture temperature influence growth roots general estimate average land plant root system ground stem branches ground roots plant root system penetrate soil shorter distance stem extends ground roots large trees feet surface ground lateral extent roots considerably greater spread branches primary root continues grow remains major root system known taproot plants taproots advantages taproot ideal anchorage taproots reach water supplies deep ground alfalfa taproot fifteen feet length explains fields alfalfa remain green dry periods shallow rooted grasses turn yellow brown taproots account oak hickory forests dry hillsides ridges taproots plants thick fleshy serve underground storehouses food supply plant grow plants including beet radish carrot turnip parsnip root crops
extent form size plant body determined hereditary patterns genes exert influence form root system structure branching pattern stem form arrangement leaves reproduction nature flowers fruits seeds develop heredity determine nature plant body environmental factors important external influences plant growth development external influences light conditions temperature atmospheric moisture soil water mineral content soil factors stimulate limit growth factors important limit discussion important external influences plant growth light temperature light pronounced effect plant growth ways source energy photosynthesis direct relationship food supply amount food tissues turn influences rate cell division growth organs plant learned earlier chapters light formation chlorophyll leaves stems plants grown dark pale yellow etiolated lack chlorophyll reduces prevents photosynthesis tissue starvation lack light stimulate elongation stem prevents normal growth expansion leaves stems plants grown dark weak spindly leaves widely spaced poorly developed hand reduced light opposed heavy shade darkness growth stimulus moderate degree shade rate transpiration reduced rate photosynthesis results increase water content growing tissues comparable decrease rate food making
plant animal independent environment organisms products surroundings organisms survive surroundings provide conditions suitable maintaining carrying activities study relationships living things environment branch biology known ecology word means literally study houses field pond forest plant animal lives days real sense house ecologists region earth equatorial forest polar outpost ocean depths mountaintop studying relationships plants animals environments forest field pond lake ocean outdoor laboratory ecologist area planet called biosphere exists feet surface earth surface oceans bodies water lower atmosphere comparatively thin layer affected factors radiations sun constitute important single factor affecting biosphere solar energy enables green plants manufacture food sun energy converted heat reaches earth form vital existence organisms heat creates earth winds evaporation water later returns surface rain snow entire biosphere considered gigantic biological system convenient consider complex series smaller units stable environment living nonliving things interact materials called ecosystem ecosystem jar fish snail water plants water sand space ship
human population expected double end century sooner supplying vastly increasing numbers food urgent problem food production dependent soil water supply learned past experience misuse soil water resources eventually results decrease food supply realize shortsighted selfish continue squander natural resources ancestors realize turned forests grasslands useless dust bowls today understanding effect ecology sure consequences actions proceed caution carefully observing results unfortunately takes observe results changing environment aware importance plants determining ecological setting animals area chapter discuss importance conserving soil water order preserve plant animal populations think earth gigantic ball rock soil lies thin film surface ball season season running water freezing thawing wind forces nature crumble rocks form gravel sand clay materials mineral soil subsoil regions subsoil forms layer feet thick layer represents thousands slow disintegration rock organic part soil comes slow decay roots stems leaves vegetable materials remains animals refer organic remains land plants humus sphagnum moss aquatic plants form peat lakes bogs
pioneers pushed westward north american wilderness found abundant wildlife turn inland waters teemed fish birds aquatic mammals large small game roamed forest grassland woods bison extinct lived forests east york western form animal plains bison buffalo thundered grasslands herds numbering tens thousands white tailed deer thrived millions acres forest lands supplied early settlers meat buckskin wildcat mountain lion timber wolf fox beaver muskrat weasel mink mammals wilderness settlers began conquest wilderness wildlife began slow retreat learned live environments obtaining needs plentiful supply large areas forests cleared grasslands plowed raise crops feed community development transportation methods began satisfy wants harvesting surplus selling communities seen balance community subject interactions biotic physical factors natural balance existing areas upset developed rifles efficient lumbering machines techniques trapping devices forests continue meet increasing needs wildlife flourish rest twentieth century depend learned past understand ecological relationships efforts conserve natural resources future original forest america covered nearly half land total million acres forests occupied eastern western parts country prairies plains arid lands covered large central area
need understand human beings civilization need important today urgency need springs essentially complexities modern live today rapidly changing emotionally charged environment knowledge help immeasurably making adjustments adapting situations strange societies history experienced threatened disrupt ways era jolted twentieth century social technological watched television human stepped moon senior citizens cheered similarly historic news kitty hawk north carolina december date orville wilbur wright proved motor driven craft fly orville wright flew crude filmsy contraption called airplane feet decades later american astronauts flew miles landed moon incredibly rapid developments flight illustrate small aspect scientific change twentieth century adapt social sphere modern culture significant quarter nineteenth century technology transformed developed nations reasonably simple agrarian communities sprawling urban cultures created problems difficult challenge human intelligence ingenuity congestion attendant problems urban living created tension ridden emotionally explosive populations confront complexities living grandparents dreamed today social environment parts bred discontent dissension known need look newspaper headlines convinced worldwide turmoil
understand person personality individual personality general psychologist word personality thinking common meaning word word personality describe social qualities individual think extraverted interesting talk fun socially suave consider person dull uncooperative nosey personality sense refers socially effective impress say bad personality everyday word personality derives latin persona meaning mask early roman actors borrowing practice greeks wore masks aid creating roles playing personality stands superficial qualities opposed substance individual idea personality development popularly understood mean learning play social roles able impress manipulate personal gain psychologist interested superficial qualities including social psychologist noted personality includes individual directly personal social importance psychologist tries judgment person addition observing person social qualities psychologist wants reasons person behavior person interesting talk makes person extraverted psychologist studies person skills intelligence dreams ambitions techniques getting getting psychologist study personality focuses areas concerns inborn environmental factors influenced psychology developing person
culture simplest terms popularly culture united states called american includes things social institutions traditions ideas beliefs art morals culture generally agree live wrong desirable consider differences dating behaviors marriage customs cultures feel parents selected marriage partner baby traditional behavior india lived country accept think buying wife number head cattle acquiring wife african tribes variations behavior odd tend ways granted readily imagine point view matter edward hall cultural anthropologist social scientist studies cultures tells regard differently parts parts highly valued united states likely critical wastes indignant person wastes typical american executive line standards efficiency schedule minute meeting transact item business invite persons directly concerned present cultures spend entire unhurried bull session settling similar business matter strike unbusinesslike countries business contact opportunity exchange information relate personal basis
psychosis literally means diseased condition psyche understand mean mind refer mental disorders limited number disorders discussed chapter number symptoms common neuroses psychoses psychotic feel tense anxious times unbearably experience depression problems severe problems interpersonal relationships symptoms found exclusively psychosis difficult impossible empathize psychotic behaviors neurotic characteristics neurotic behaviors seen ways similar experience degree psychotic behavior bizarre strange odd ecentric incongruous behavior psychotic insufficiently controlled function society agitated pace room shout break furniture clothes street move arms odd patterns writhing body movements examples mannnerisms psychotic excited exhaust fall dead restrained drugs psychotic merely sit stare space moving lips silently mumbling reply voices hear common believe actions thoughts controlled unknown hypnotist insist international conspiracy spying ideas sort heard course working mental hospitals strange behaviors psychotic product personality disorganization central feature psychoses personality regress low level development psychotic concerned ideas logical rational sense pay attention actually
aspect alcoholism presents difficulties scientists seek understand condition help victims disagreement definition alcoholism authors book favor definition alcoholics anonymous aa organization alcoholics desire stay sober aa definition alcoholism simple point alcoholics powerless alcohol result drinking found lives unmanageable fact lives alcoholics unmanageable seen problems brought aggravated alcohol abuse alcohol add problems troubled personality noted psychoses follow injudicious alcohol alcoholics typically suffer damage image respect impaired reaction severe morning alcoholics suffer hangover remorse distressed events previous evening blacked remember home wonder ran car terrible thing painful physical symptoms hangover alcoholics assert hangover remorse painful reach quickly drink morning drinking obsession thought drinking alcoholics imagine alcohol alcoholic achieved sobriety aa put matter facetiously look forward leap drink economic facts necessity earn living budget earned necessities lives alcoholics unmanageable bills pile children proper food clothing
young important decisions reaching effects present future drink associate groups emphasize drinking decisions sort young find needing decision drinking attempt reach decision rational grounds full knowledge facts feasible owe honest familiar motivations respect problem able recognize snares involve behaviors contrary basic motivations earlier chapter adequately reasons drink excess drinkers typically report experiencing warm glow sense relaxation sensibilities dulled inhibitions reduced experience emotional stimulation find easier socialize real reasons drink reasons general drink person drinks difficult understand person gains misery drinking eagerly seeks obtain alcohol drinking means seeking social acceptance teen agers pointed strong need conform peer group easy rationalize drinking invoking magic words fact drinking behavior involves difficult decisions responsible instances gain stature conforming question psychological wholesomeness group seeks force members surrender individuality independence
impressionism interviewing move techniques rating psychological testing certainly familiar tests experience ratings teachers judgments class rating techniques enable person rater formal judgment characteristic shown person frequently rating requires person characteristics compared normative technique rating techniques wide spread means personality evaluation ratings numerous personality characteristics individual covering diverse topics intelligence honesty effectiveness job rating technique concerned limited aspect behavior military services personnel ratings extensively evaluate job performance personality qualities required positions practical actions basis ratings civilian military personnel ratings relied heavily making decisions person ratings help determine hired discharged promoted assigned special training course officer training executive training ratings identify person strong points weak points special help guidance apply employment company government agency asked list references personnel officer send form includes request rate applicant characteristics ambition honesty ability ratings research authors book rating methods research project ninth grade students subjects control student rated teachers classmates
tests differ respect aspects personality designed evaluate personality tests intelligence tests vocational interest tests apitude tests achievement tests called personality tests concerned evaluating portion total personality typically evaluate intelligence vocational interests aptitudes achievements definition aspects personality personality tests focus topics interests goals effectively pursued perception interpersonal relationships problem areas coped deviations adequate normal functioning personality intelligence tests evaluate intellectual abilities aptitudes specifically relate learning school subjects modern tests intelligence fact referred tests scholastic ability general mental ability tests evaluate abilities thinking learning judgment memory measure intellectual achievements shown knowledge accumulated size vocabulary ability language effectively choose career vocation young children grow want doctor lawyer teacher engineer succeed early aspiration remain uncertain future vocational objectives high school college uncertainties exist vocational interest tests highly suggesting specific occupations students wish prepare engineering music teaching interest tests suggest vocational areas specific occupations suggest person vocational interests lie scientific outdoor involves tests suggestive prompt think interested areas suggested test
ancient israel king needed soldiers difficult military operation order select soldiers needed ordered troops drink nearby brook put weapons lay prone ground drink held weapons hand hand cup soldiers held weapons mission psychological test evaluated bad reasons case understand process personality evaluation personality evaluation needed serve constructive ends accurate recent public charges leveled psychological tests forms personality evaluation discussed impressionism interviewing rating specifically major accusations heard tests valid tests constitute invasion privacy tests unfair minority groups language cultural background dominant culture charge concerned noted tests vary widely degree validity actual practice course validity tests dependent skills true interview rating methods rarely attacked inadequately trained results poor issue invasion privacy major particulary business industry contend employers seeking information matters close personal relationships personal adjustment social conformity business employer according observers
log part living plant log breaks bits decays tiny plants small animals water help log decay roots plants open spaces wood small animals chew holes log plants animals water interact log disappears part soil soil plants grow sun important living things water soil air soil important settlers named towns kinds soil found think soil sandy oregon color think soil red rock texas black earth wisconsin kind soil find gravel point ontario soil comes colors fine flour gritty sand soil rocky comfort missouri full small stones pebbles color soil live wanted town kind soil found call soil mixture bits rock bits decayed plant animal matter water green plants need soil chemicals chemicals making leaves stems roots aphids eat leaves aphids depend soil ladybug eats aphids ladybugs depend soil plants corn corn plants need water soil chemicals mice eat corn snakes eat mice snakes depend soil plants grow kinds soil soil hard dry soft wet soil plants
ago kind moth lived england scientists discovered moth developed groups group light colored lived light clean trees country group dark colored lived darker dirtier trees city scientist named ford thought birds able find eat dark moths lived country thought birds able find eat light moths lived city scientist named kettlewell checked ford idea released dark moths country released light moths city moths think eaten birds moths think lived produce moths country lived produce moths city suppose earthworms colors suppose young earthworms color parents color earthworms escape enemies color live produce kind lawn sample find kinds living things predicted lawn community simple living things think living things depend interact ways grass green plants lawn food give oxygen food carbon dioxide water energy sunlight energy stored food animals eat plants energy green plants store food earthworms slugs snails eat part green plants eat plants eat stored food say energy sun
water helps protect members pond community need live water fenced leave water pond dries die move pond woodchuck home dug move field deer danger run pond animals frogs turtles move pond animals fenced animals live water oxygen die oxygen water animals plants comes air water water plants turtles frogs surface water breathe lungs breathe air water animals air tubes young mosquitoes mosquito eggs hatch wigglers called larvae larvae need air surface larva takes air tube tail water animals surface air oxygen dissolved water oxygen gills fish tadpoles gills water insects gills dissolved oxygen seen comes air pond comes green water plants oxygen dissolves mixes water winter pond plants die fewer plants means oxygen animals live ice cover pond air water animals spend winter mud bottom pond
look ruler left small unit centimetre called millimetre millimetres centimetre symbol millimetre mm mm cm dime mm thick brand eraser end pencil mm boy holding metre stick cm metre mm metre millimetres handy need measure small things asked find caterpillar legs millimetres measuring caterpillar body measuring caterpillar walks think tiny things measure millimetres millimetres centimetres metres measure short distances measure distances kilometre kilo means kilometre equals kilometre football fields symbol km kilometre kilometre km lay metre sticks end end measure km lot metre sticks kilometre sounds look map neighborhood km school library park offices stores wanted walk km blocks need lots things going km sit
need accurate measurements measure carefully mm error suppose hole mm small bolt suppose hole mm large bolt loose holes need need accurate parts watch camera need measured accurately mm large small things need measured accurately things need measured accurately wear belt approximately cm need measured accurately centimetre short won matter describe measurement distance accurately describe approximately measurement important pictures think measurements accurately approximately accurate accurate measurements need estimated means careful guess size ruler suppose want jump rope estimate rope buy need rope estimate wouldn need measure distances estimate try estimating distances classroom write estimates measure approximately close
spring scale measures pull gravity object greater pull gravity spring stretches rubber bands stretch rubber bands scale shown small common objects standards large nails large bolts put standards cup mark top cup comes pull gravity stretches rubber bands add standards add standard cup mark comes put object cup pulled standards pulled distance heavy object standard units tell making roll balance need follow steps put piece tape top stick lay stick small edge table move stick balances roll tiny bit stick level ready calibrate put scale balance stick balanced hold hand put mark tape balance point label meaning nails cup put nail cup move stick roll stick balances hold stick put mark balance point label nails nails nails balance stick mark balance point
fill aquarium water cm top stuff sheet tissue bottom clear plastic tumbler turn tumbler upside slowly press water think water wet tissue pressing tumbler straight happening tumbler reach bottom lift feel tissue wet dry explain observed put thumb tightly opening funnel push funnel container water shown ask partner mark water level container hold hand thumb remove thumb partner feel happened water level container happened water level funnel explain observed remove funnel put thumb push thumb water slowly move thumb top funnel happens pour air tumbler water let tumbler fill water turn upside hold turn tumbler upside press water opening tumbler tip slightly catch air bubbles tumbler catch try spill air try pour air tumbler pouring air water pouring water air
suppose hold large balloon inside empty suppose blew balloon filled balloon press sides suppose happens blow lift holding neck balloon tightly closed heavy carry help air girl plastic bag flat table covered book blows bag happen direction blow direction air push small bag air press places small bag hold large object large bag air places press press hard place places press total presses large bubbles history earth gum bubbles history gum bubble buildings recent large bubble buildings japanese pavillion expo today roofs sports buildings held air famous metrodome minneapolis air supported roof covers football field famous architect buckminster fuller dreamed air dome part york city dream roof dirt rain hail snow let sunlight roof dream walking moon dream ago dome roofs held slight air pressure
bones meet pad cartilage cartilage softer bone slippery cartilage helps protect bones damage bumps pad cartilage vertebrae cartilage makes easier twist bend backbone cartilage ribs breastbone makes ribs move breathe place bone joined bone called joint wrist shoulder knee joints think joints body knee hinge lets move lower part leg let swing side side knee called hinge joint hinge joints body sit strong table let legs hang swing lower part leg upper part leg move swing lower part leg side side upper part hold leg straight front try swinging lower part side side moving upper part hold arm straight side bending arm move hand circle shoulder ball socket joint let move arm bend arm shown move hand circle hold upper arm feel upper arm
compare shadows need flat piece clear glass plastic glass small picture frame works safety note put tape edges won cut cut tiny piece black paper aluminum foil glue center glass fold white card shown screen tape side edges glass distance screen glass cm hold glass faces source light look shadow paper foil screen shadow tester compare shadows sources light light sources small shown page large table lamp shade predict sharper shadows shadow tester find fair test light source makes sharper shadows fair test thing lamps homes shades suppose took shades shadows lamps light sources alike light source bottom picture paper shade light source predict sharper shadow test prediction darkened room shadow tester pencil test fair thing tested makes shadow light sources size
things cast darker shadows hand casts darker shadow glass jar darkest shadows cast things block light things called opaque book opaque block wood piece cardboard opaque things cast shadows examples clear glass clean water ice things let lot light clearly things called transparent thickest transparent thing think solid liquid gas things let light clearly things called translucent wax paper translucent paper translucent things find shadows body cast shadow bones cast shadows ago scientist germany named wilhelm konrad roentgen discovered rays knew rays called rays later known roentgen rays rays lot light things light skin flesh bones teeth cast shadows doctors dentists rays shadows shadows special screens taking pictures shadows show broken bone tooth grow straight left hand photo indoors bright light
pictures earth space pictures show earth round giant ball show earth land water show clouds air earth spaceship astronauts tell earth moving space able watch move astronauts sure earth moving spaceship moving able tell clue earth motion seen photographs scientists study photographs space clouds form swirls earth clouds mark path moving air show direction wind show wind blows curved paths earth wind blow curved paths blow straight paths winds tend blow curved paths earth find piece cardboard cm cm pin end straw center mark straw cm pin push pencil straw mark draw circle cut cardboard circle put drops water cardboard put pencil turning cardboard tilt water runs kind path water straight curved try times thing happen try turning cardboard water runs kind path water straight curved try ways
stories heard dragonflies darning needles sound dangerous names give wrong ideas look dangerous looks give wrong ideas dragonflies fun watch land don afraid dragonflies don bite adult dragonflies eat mosquitoes kinds flies catch flight young dragonflies called nymphs live ponds eat small insects worms mosquito larvae dragonflies live nymphs adult dragonflies live months try visit pond bay lots weeds growing dip strainer bottom edge try find nymph bottom picture put shallow pan pond water feed tiny worms watch awhile returning pond blackbirds eat plants animals eat seeds eat insects suppose blackbirds feeding field eating seeds planted birds helpful harmful eating insects insects eat plants need birds helpful harmful suppose blackbird caught dragonfly blackbird helpful harmful easy tell animal helpful harmful depends dandelions grow places lawns city parks golf courses grow tall short grow sunny places shady places organisms eat dandelion leaves seeds
mice eat corn grains farmers grow farmers need grain farm animals mice live fields live barns farmers houses mice eat seeds weeds weeds grow farmers cornfields grow edge roads lanes milk snake live farm poisonous drink milk eat corn grains milk snake eat mice climb inside walls find mice milk snake helpful harmful seeds fell tree seed soil water air light needed grow think fullgrown trees close larger space live trees grass dragonflies spiders organisms produce young live soil water sunlight seeds plants food water space animals live living things compete things need compete food space water sunlight adults young red maple tree produces thousands seeds land metres land parent tree grow full grown tree think ways plants compete young praying mantises hatch hungry eat small insect spider find
seen apples beautiful tastes nice taste think difference apples apples food organisms eat apples kinds insects kinds mold grow apples grow apples farmers kill organisms hurt apples spray apples spray kills insects eat apples kills mold grow apples spray helpful want apples farmer spray control pests helpful poison sprays control organisms compete food sprays kill food birds need kill spiders kill ladybird beetles kill things snake depends praying mantis called helpful eats insects control organism helpful harm organisms happens try kill organisms helpful harmful praying mantis eats insect pests flies aphids mosquitoes grasshoppers helpful eats insects think law killing praying mantis praying mantis eats beetles eat garden flowers praying mantis eats organisms eats ladybird beetles spiders honeybees eat mantis law helpful harmful live city town lake seashore
heard crickets singing outdoors find crickets early fall male crickets sing attracts female making easier find mate later female lays eggs soil eggs laid adult cricket dies eggs alive egg needed cricket winter eggs stay soil spring eggs hatch tiny crickets legs eyes mouth crickets wings baby crickets grow change late summer adults wings females lay eggs soil crickets stages egg young adult cricket completed stages cycle cycle stages living thing crickets singing help fall asleep lots crickets singing racket crickets noise guess find cricket helps friend cup hands ears tell sound coming step sound spot cricket study cycle fruit fly cornmeal cook nearly cool stir yeast put mixture small jars let cool harden place ripe fruit open window
paper wasps nests build paper wasps chew bits wood paper stick pieces paper nest inside nest tubes cells female wasps lay egg cell egg hatches larva larva fed pieces chewed food grows grows soon larva fills cell closes cell spinning cover silk inside cell larva pupa pupa eat inside body place finally skin pupa breaks open pupa adult chews lid cell wings dry soon flies air insects stages cycles cricket stages mayfly insects pupae change slowly shed skins stages cycle mayfly egg nymph adult adult mayflies live days females drop eggs water eggs hatch nymphs mayfly nymphs legs crawl eyes nymphs look adults larvae wings nymph adult mayfly nymphs eat tiny plant material grow shed skins adults wing pads backs finally winged mayfly crawls split skin skin winged mayfly splits adult
crab grass weed grows lawns spring early summer green looks nice makes seeds late summer fall turns brown dies seeds tough live winter spring sprout crab grass plants poison kills crab grass sprayed crab grass leaves wanted kill crab grass lawn spray think imagine packing boat living things lifeless island trip months suppose want animals plants listed start living stage trouble boat reason give answer suppose scientists discover parasite kills houseflies want raise lot parasites let important things scientists find think cycle human cycles repeating stage stage parents ancestors stages going try find family history start relatives father parents mother parents find grandparent parents sides family ancestors place europe asia africa mean say half irish half german find lot information asking parents
holders easy connect bulbs cells holders holders sold stores holder places wires connected cases wires connect pieces metal metal pieces touch bright metal parts bulb cell connect bulb cell bulb lights electric circuit circuit sort loop beginning end word circuit think circle circle beginning end bulb lights flow circuit called electricity circuit path electricity moves electricity moves flows circuit flows wires bulb cell red line shows flows electricity circuit electricity flows makes bulb light cell needed electricity flow electricity move round circuit takes energy energy stored cell bulb energy changed heat light energy bulb picture light light closed circuit opening gap gap circuit open electricity flow gap bulb light close gap picture
turn electric light switch wondered switch works switch closing opening gap electric circuit switch easier touching wires safer electric light circuit connect switch side bulb electricity flows bulb flow switch electricity flows bulb switch closed switch open gap electricity flow switch turns bulb switch bulb classroom hall room tests find turn bulb places switches connect circuit turn bulb switch circuit home turn light places turn bottom stairs turn top bulb light circuit closed gap keeps electricity flowing happens nail gap bulb lights nail makes bridge electricity carries conducts electricity gap conductor coin conduct electricity gap close circuit bulb light
look flashlight bulb magnifying glass find filament wires connect ends wires suppose connected look large clear light bulb ways large bulb flashlight bulb alike ways project picture lighted filament wall connect flashlight bulb cells lights darken room hold magnifying glass close bulb wall slowly move magnifying glass bulb watch picture lighted filament wall picture larger natural size girl model show light bulb works stuck thick copper wires large cork wound coil thin iron wire connected coil copper wires jar touched copper wires battery large cells flow electricity iron wire hot gave light hot filament real light bulb didn give light model jar takes place glass real bulb jar air inside air inside real bulb suppose light bulbs glass drawings show happen note model touch copper wires battery seconds
boy hard making box slide friction box floor things think hard slide friction boy feet slipping friction shoes floor boy box slide easily feet slipping girl pushed book table friction book slow stop things act wood block slide farther table floor bare floor carpet case friction thing move farther table friction stop sliding block rolling ball objects rub touch slide past friction tends moving thing slow stop drawings things shown sliding past things surfaces rubbing friction moving things objects sliding past friction friction makes things hard move drawings keeps wood slipping person saws keeps nails coming things drawings hard move friction
lubricants slippery substances reduce friction lubricants put surfaces slide roll things easier move help prevent squeaks reduce wear seen lubricants lubricants helpful wrong places dangerous oil help skates roll bring roller skates school fair test hill strong cardboard let skate roll floor push skate measure goes record distance test skate oil skates measure record goes exactly oil draw graph show skate rolled oiled graph show oiling skates help skate faster find think try lubricant squeak find object squeaks hinge wheel listen closely squeaks put oil grease compare sound oiling car moving parts inside motor inside wheels connect motor wheels think moving parts touch parts friction friction parts moving easily squeak wear parts move easily extra gasoline wastes energy
tried start fast boy pushes backward feet hard makes move forward guess happen tries rug pushes backward rug slips friction rug floor suppose boys hold rug slipping pull forward runner pushes backward feet pull forward hard rug slip suppose rug rubber friction rug floor greater friction place hold rug slipping course runner try start fast rug sidewalk ground runner feet push backward hard friction runner feet sidewalk ground makes friction makes runner move forward runner starting outdoors rug held place sidewalk set ground runner starts pushes backward sidewalk keeps sidewalk moving keeps feet slipping runs pushes backward sidewalk foot foot pushes sidewalk backward force sidewalk pushes foot forward force pair forces foot sidewalk
trying pull post wet ground post heavy air pressure holding ground think easier dry sandy soil think person trying empty jug liquid pour quickly liquid jug air place air place liquid liquid faster hole end jug think ask adult help large empty metal small opening cap pour ml water set hot plate turn switch put cap watch happens minutes plenty steam coming put thick kitchen mitt remove hot plate quickly put cap let cool happens cools heated water inside changed steam steam pushed air steam put cap steam cooled cooling steam changed water water inside air air pushed hard sides cap squeeze hard
seen stars clear dark night outdoors look sky evening choose evening clear sure permission try find dark place lights eyes darkness able stars stars brightness color points stars suppose form pictures designs star design easy find big dipper bright stars looks water dipper big dipper position sky upside hanging downward find big dipper easily find north star nearly line end stars bowl big dipper north star shows direction north stars look bigger brighter star brightest north star star big dipper brighter stars stars big dipper brightness dimmest able dimmer star big dipper find star bend handle
picture left camera set page camera taking picture stars move sky light star blur streak called star trail arrow picture pointing north star shortest star trail think north star center umbrella star trails trails pieces paper foil glued umbrella circles pieces paper center smaller circles edge umbrella star trails longer farther north star center north star makes short trail move stays nearly position sky north star position seen picture sky night show star trails stars move sky positions relation sky turns stars move sun moon move sky seen rise set stars night move reason rise set move earth turns rotates evidence rotates
rivers move slowly small streams move flatter land water moves slowest land flat lakes rivers filled living things fish rivers lakes alike animals lakes rivers water food kinds insects environment rivers environment lakes rivers flow ocean salt water mixes fresh water begins change animals live salt water insects disappear animals place small animals shells rivers meet sea ocean fish lay eggs young born adults swim ocean salmon pass areas upstream rivers ocean salmon lay eggs young hatch begin journey ocean look classroom globe covers earth land water look large areas water globe try find names turn globe slowly finger trace water areas land areas oceans earth ocean tell ocean basin water runs starts high mountains mountain brooks join form rivers rivers move ocean rivers move carry salt carry minerals end journey run ocean leave carried
water evaporates ocean sun warms water water vapor air cooler cloud form wind cool cloud water vapor cooled condenses words liquid water rain waters crops falls city streets falls land high mountains run land small stream flow river finally reaches ocean happens water look drawing show cycle circle beginning end cycle explain movement water earth ocean floor land water ocean canyons trenches deeper earth ocean trench deep mountains ocean high rise water islands look drawing ocean floor continents large bodies land earth slope water slope makes underwater shelf ocean deep parts underwater shelves land filled living things light shallow water plants grow plants food animals living parts ocean deep light water fish live swim darkness small eyes blind deepest parts ocean animals food water cold
lakes rivers ocean important things living important drinking water lakes rivers lakes rivers give water need grow food ocean helps give air breathe oxygen earth comes algae small water plants floating ocean forgotten important water areas harmed factories dump wastes lakes cities dump garbage things garbage algae grow fast algae surface underwater plants light plants die sink bottom food oxygen fish die finally water covered algae dead plants animals sink bottom lake shallow rivers clean easily lakes fresh water keeps coming rivers mountains dumped rivers spray crops insect poisons poisons washed rivers fish eat poisoned plants eat fish look pictures lake erie ago lake bunches algae fish plants died complained smells coming lake cities lake erie decided try save lake took materials garbage dumped lake dumped garbage today lake erie cleaner fewer algae fish ohio river bad shape ago
inside body bony skeleton backbone part skeleton horses birds snakes frogs fish backbone backbone single bone bones called vertebrae animal vertebrae vertebrate dogs cats robins vertebrates vertebrate vertebrates think find fish skeleton looks fish dinner save skeleton wash carefully soapy water dry look magnifying glass line bumpy bones runs end end backbone vertebral column vertebrae vertebra spool spines sticking muscles fastened spines help fish move vertebrae separated pads cartilage pads let vertebral column bend break vertebral column tail separate vertebra rest large opening spines spinal cord passed spinal cord bundle nerves connects brain parts body vertebrae spine protect spinal cord injury save neck cooked chicken put small pan water cover add vinegar spoonful detergent boil neck minutes help loosen meat water cooled tweezers remove meat rinse neck bones dry paper towel ready study vertebrae
birds feathers kind animal feathers birds warmblooded bird body temperature tends stay cold air water birds eggs hard shells soft shelled eggs snakes turtles lizards ways wings birds arms wing bones similar arm bones birds bones hollow light birds couldn fly largest bones bird breastbone large muscles needed flying fastened birds teeth chewing food ground swallow food birds swallow small stones help grind food breastbone muscles attached compare bird outdoors try bending waist body parallel ground hold arm side wing feel muscle chest arm joins body jerk arm flapping motion happens muscle end muscle fastened breastbone end fastened arm breastbone small hold muscle bird breastbone large compared size bird body lot surface hold muscle needed flight bird wings strong movements quick look breastbone chicken dinner surface light strong scientists believe million ago reptiles ruled earth
animals plants sorted large groups group plants produce seeds group plants produce seeds seed plants sorted smaller groups cone bearing flowering pine spruce trees examples cone bearing plants seeds grow cones trees called evergreens leaves needles seeds flowers flowers large colorful small hard flowers don look flowers flowering plants large colorful flowers small flowers plants produce seeds look seed plants flowers cones ferns mosses seaweeds cones flowers produced plants spores look closely underside fern frond leaf find small brown dots spores dots spores tiny fine dust plant grow spore plants grow seeds spores big seeds flowers plant produce millions spores carried moving air water likely produce plants seeds spores sure produce plants fungi group organisms produce seeds ferns produce spores fungi white brown gray live soil inside fallen trees plants chlorophyll food water carbon dioxide sunlight
materials sedimentary rocks shale bricks limestone shale cement gypsum plasterboard houses deal sandstone glass kinds sedimentary rocks iron aluminum kinds large amounts fertilizers lawns farm crops things sedimentary rocks baking soda laundry bleach kinds cloth kinds medicine important substances comes sedimentary rocks liquid water underground pores spaces bedrock filled water wells drilled water soaked bedrock water runs pumped water wells cold clear places pores sedimentary bedrock hold water natural gas places oil petroleum geologists think substances formed plants animals past reason called fossil fuels coal fossil fuel formed plants grew ago bedrock hold natural gas petroleum sort trap substances leaked places traps rock layers bent upwards layers petroleum natural gas layers shale rock substances pass oil gas wells drilled covering layers
hardness physical property matter important material soft hard choose soft lead pencil wanted heavy dark line choose harder lead pencil thin light line kinds wood hard difficult drive nail soft dented pushing thumbnail find hardness material scratch test thing harder scratch material piece hardwood scratch piece softer wood scratch tests finding hardness minerals property hardness help identify unknown minerals mineral scratch piece glass mineral scratch coin scratch mineral known hardness chart shows minerals order softest hardest chart predict quartz scratch calcite minerals calcite scratch mass amount matter mass important property baseball player choose light heavy bat heavy bat mass bowling mass ball affect bowler mass bat bowling ball depends partly size depends kind material bat ball volume amount space takes look pieces lead wood plastic foam balances
chemicals classified acids bases acids bases home fact mild acids foods eat food sour flavor acid household cleaning products bases common materials acid strips blue litmus paper touch blue litmus moist sample material testing material acid litmus turn pink common household materials bases strip pink litmus touch pink litmus moist sample material testing material base litmus turn blue blue pink litmus color classify material material classified chemically neutral acid base materials pencil lead chalk tiny particles bits rub easily property bits chalk dust small settle slowly air disappear beam light makes dust visible things sugar cubes broken smaller smaller bits bits look magnified bits sugar disappeared water taste sugar explain answer find observation visible bits matter smaller smaller fact small seen sugar chalk prove tiny bits matter scientists infer matter invisible particles
body needs food water air food water air things body need things insects lot damage crops put poisons crops chemicals insects kill animals eat insects turn animals eaten larger animals insect poisons passed chemicals washed rivers lakes water unsafe drink poisons tiny plants animals live waters living things eaten larger animals poisons food eat factories chemicals dump waste matter rivers lakes waste tiny living things insect poisons chemicals passed living things end fish foods eat foods chemicals bodies chemicals sick oxygen breathe comes air oxygen air unwanted things air harmful seen air looks dirty look air chemicals chimneys factories homes power plants buildings bits dust smoke cars trucks buses airplanes smokey dirty air cleaned filter bits dirt smoke harmful
freely turning magnet takes position spins goes position end points north end points south freely turning magnet magnetic compass shows direction course end magnet marked end points north north seeking pole magnet end south seeking pole magnetic compass buy thin magnet inside called needle needle turns freely inside case case nonmagnetic material think case girl compass straightened bobby pin magnetized strongly hung thin thread put nail polish north seeking pole hung inside large jar hung level touch glass jar wind turning bobby pin girl walked compass bobby pin swung wildly compass airplane boat girl tried filled jar water water stopped moving bobby pin stayed quietly position stayed turned jar water stopped bobby pin swinging wildly stop bobby pin showing direction magnetic compasses automobiles boats airplanes compasses dial needle dial turns freely
strongest magnets electricity magnets called electromagnets easily electromagnet start large iron nail bolt flashlight cell piece covered copper wire wind wire times nail bolt scrape covering ends wire metal bare connect end wire flashlight cell hold end bottom cell test nail magnet find hold wire cell seconds remove wire warm hold wire cell cell soon weak safety note connect electromagnet electric outlet dangerous shock burn start fire strong electromagnet follow directions page try kinds lengths wire try objects wind wire electromagnet test count nails pick classmates pick tests fair electromagnets equally fresh strong cells nails size electromagnets stronger list things think difference strong electromagnet pair electromagnets alike things list
today light comes eyes called sight goes eyes closed things light sight light act candles flames electric lights fireflies alike produce light sun produces light stars night known sources light light sources goes directions think directions path light speak light takes path nearly path light beam sun shining spaces clouds appears beams sunlight beams look straight crooked things produce light book produce light desk walls classroom glow sun light bulb easily lighted room things reflect light comes sources things receive light sources sun electric lights receive light reflected nearby objects learn light sight making observing dark box find shoe box tight fitting lid line inside box lid black paper help dark box find answer questions
fooled mirror think saw mirror real mirror looks real look mirror real thing reflection image light image looks real hard tell mirror image real object images flat mirror glass reach bump glass walked room look larger discovered wall covered mirror mirrors purpose restaurants barber shops private homes mirrors picture playing trick images picture longer images mirrors picture set standing front mirror move close note image appears move farther watch image times try predict image move change object place front mirror happens image tape small flat mirror side block wood stand piece graph paper mark squares front mirror look mirror mirror image mark record places mark image
pictures page show light reflected convex concave mirrors simple light box cutting small window bottom end shoebox comb taped window light comes series lines metal mirror inside box bent side convex side concave lines light observed reflected convex mirror concave mirror look middle picture lines light hit convex mirror happens lines reflected center lines lines center look bottom picture lines light reflected concave mirror follow lines side end happens reflected lines mirrors solar heater think suppose place flat mirror box reflect lines light straight reflect lines light tilted side stores large curved mirrors help clerks watch big areas store store mirrors convex concave curved reflector part solar furnace reflects energy sun point produces high temperatures point purpose reflector convex concave suppose taped small flat mirrors side side
living things depend interdependence simple lichen lichens grow soil big rocks tree trunks lichens shown lichen organism kind partnership organisms alga fungus alga food making organism fungus depends alga food alga depends fungus protection moisture partnership lets lichens grow alga fungus grow interdependence lichen simple living things part living things interdependence complex cows eat grass digest grass inside digestive tract bacteria protozoa microbes break chemicals grass plants cows eat return warm moist environment live inside cow chewed grass plants food interdependence cows grass simple complex fall songbirds raised young find empty nest spread paper floor carefully nest try lose nest put kinds materials nest separate piles list materials kinds living things produced materials evidence nest animals birds evidence living things nest happens kind organism affect environment
tiny bit consumer eats part body takes kg hay produce kilogram live beef takes truck loads hay produce beef cow beef cow killed half meat left eating half original animal barn owl single eat mice mouse turn eat kg green plants food chain green plants barn owl animals catch eat animals called predators owls predators suppose owl food predator green plants support predator explain true number living things link food chain shown pyramid called pyramid numbers pyramid green plants base means animals links base depend green plants fewer living things link green plants green plants think higher link pyramid number living things tends smaller total mass living things higher link smaller think animal top pyramid dies happens food small scavengers insects food millions bacteria show pyramid numbers
interdependence complex hard imagine cars interdependent ocean community let breath ml air amounts hour air breathe oxygen fourth oxygen body oxygen compare oxygen car needs full sized car going km times air engines burn fuels need lot air oxygen air oxygen air supply machines forever supply living things think oxygen replaced oxygen comes green plants land comes ocean quarters earth covered water millions algae live produce oxygen green land plants algae shown suppose sources oxygen land sea oxygen breathing burning fuels algae grass trees help replace oxygen air cars depend ocean pet care give feed give water exercise rid waste cleanest pets animals produces waste
living nonliving things change rapidly watch change watched clouds change shape color watched running water wash soil things change slowly change seen plants grow seen rock break tiny bits slowly wear shown pictures watch place place slowly taking place living things grow grow change adult dog looks puppy grown tree looks seedling kitten change grows adult cat human baby change grows adult things shown living things change size grow change form ability move ways caterpillar shown page grew adult butterfly changed form ways change passes living things change changing hour find pictures ages lay desk order put youngest oldest study pictures changed hair changed color nose changed size shape try find pictures parents grandparents ago pictures person living changed person things changed
adaptations animals environment apparent adaptations plants kinds animals adapted environment stick caterpillar looks twig adaptation helpful stick caterpillar find stick caterpillar picture feet tail muskrat adapted water feet partly webbed edged hairs serve paddles water tail flat helps muskrat steer swims polar bear white fur adaptation land snow ice suppose polar bear brown fur white think disadvantages flounder fish lives bottom sea look closely picture flounder ways flounder adapted environment young fish flounder common fish shape fish eye side head grows adapts close bottom sea body flattens eye moves side head animals habits changed natural environment house sparrows nested trees built nests thick bushes built homes thatched roofs sparrows nests thatch thatched roofs common house sparrows adapted change today build nests spaces buildings build nests trees vines house sparrows adapted natural environment
fog unusual london live foggy mornings evenings dense fog covered city december ago industries london began burn coal wood later burned coal homes heat fog clean natural mixed smoke burning coal pollutants fog thicker longer automobiles began adding pollutants air pollutants increased pollutants fog december reached dangerously high level days air moved dangerous fog hung city thousands ill breathing polluted air fact died week period december died period london quickly took steps reduce pollutants air british parliament passed clean air act clean air act restricts burning fuels london known fog known clean air cities air pollution laws forgotten happened london similar tragedy easily happen places population pressures industrial needs mismanagement resources affecting environment environmental quality gradually getting worse survey environmental quality survey reports condition air water forests soil wildlife reports survey bad lately signs improvement
rain gauge tells rain melted snow fallen gauge emptied knowing rain fallen important farmers foresters water supply workers measure amount rainfall area gauge calibrate rain gauge funnel area larger government maintains central weather bureau collects data places observations wind atmospheric pressure rain snow clouds recorded data collected weather maps regional forecasts telephone cable radio television announcers meteorologists study maps local reports airline terminals operations office weather data maps forecasts pilots check operations office flight find windspeeds storms weather important agricultural workers agricultural climatologist keeps records sunshine rainfall evaporation temperature information important deciding crops plant plant important deciding harvest storms late season ruin crop harvested highway departments need weather bad weather coming dispatcher send salt trucks snow plows main roads clear travelers warnings issued caution drivers dangerous road conditions clinometer measure height difficult measure directly measuring wind high levels height object viewing angle object
print look viewed water drops cover piece printed matter sheet wax paper put water drops wax paper look print water drops sizes print look larger large drop small print look size rounded drop rounded look larger look outlines water drops row shows drops viewed drop size put water drops wax paper try water drop size drop shown look drops side look view view size print change amount viewed drops drop print look largest drop print look smallest describe size thickness drop water drop holder piece wire cm wrap end wire pencil point perfect circle circle size safety note leave sharp ends sticking want hold drop holder close eyes dip wire loop water water drop forms magnifying lens circle wire water drop lens magnify find hold lens piece finely lined paper move lens lines sharp
glass prism forms band colors called spectrum light study box need narrow slit end slit covering window top mm black paper cardboard cut large rectangle thin white cardboard white construction paper wide box cm cm longer box curve cardboard stand box reflect light stand paper cup upside box send beam light slit box lay glass prism paper cup crosswise beam slowly turn prism spectrum inside box trace path light prism drawing move prism positions cup move cup distances slit path light prism change spectrum record answers piece paper try spectrum clear things paperweights thick ashtrays bottles record find light sun flashlight filmstrip projector called white light light white light colors spectrum white light travels glass prism bent light color bent amount colors separate forming spectrum spectrums strangest places
look outer space place human beings someday live wonder build large space stations stations communities space space communities built problems solved space researchers trained physics engineering biology sciences working problems problem lack gravity space scientists designers found space community built shape cylinder sphere rotate turn turning movement lack gravity outer space turning cylinder sphere washing machine washing machine clothes spun inside machine turning movement clothes push outer edges rotating space community outer shell floor turning movement tend edges cylinder floor gravity problem problem concerns energy energy space community sun means space community constant sunlight dangerous rays sun filtered space community food space community knows plants grow space sure soil growing crops scientists think moon growing plants soil brought moon landings help plan farms space communities travel space community problem
ago electric motor found ways put electricity electricity homes fun electric charges electrical demonstrations put show strange magical effects electricity children picture part electrical demonstration spinning ball rubbing boy feet happens bits paper girl hand fascinated effects electricity tried experiments important scientific discoveries experiments benjamin franklin saw electrical demonstration interested spent fifteen conducting experiments things discovered lightning caused electric charges experimenting electricity dangerous tried experiments killed scientists important discoveries niccolo cabeo robert boyle william gilbert luigi galvani alessandro volta read library today enjoy watching effects electric charges child picture touching van de generator child hair stand end happening inside globe woolen yarn rubbed plastic bag electric charges tell woolen yarn hung charge plastic bag charge woolen yarn charge attraction uncharged object uncharged rubber band charged wool attract uncharged feather charged wool attract
electric currents produce heat light electric currents electromagnets electromagnet coil wire nail attract things electric current coil kinds things electromagnets hold things lift rapid motion electromagnets doorbells car horns ring doorbell push button closes switch electric circuit electric current circuit makes electromagnet inside doorbell attract small hammer hammer strikes bell hammer moves small switch inside doorbell open opens circuit electromagnet longer attracts hammer hammer springs causing switch close circuit happens hammer moves rapidly keeps striking bell actually electromagnet need iron coil wire electric current coil magnetic field fact single wire current magnetic field wire need iron explains current detector works electric current coil weak produces magnetic field magnetic field coil magnet interact coil moves doorbell find connect doorbell circuit switch push button cells
suppose damage earthquake damage highways effect earthquake effects earthquake effect suppose earthquake understood caused earthquakes ancient guesses didn protect earthquakes earthquakes happen today geologists deal effect earthquakes deal learn ground cracks bedrock places rock shifted cracks cracks movement called faults faults rock moved downward side upward faults shifted sideways side moved northward side southward places faults hidden ground places show road cuts canyons mines faults traced kilometres faults bedrock shifted ago moved faults shifts place rock move centimetres small distances add millions add kilometres large faults west coat north america largest san andreas fault california land west fault shifting north slowly land east shifting south
glaciers ago left evidence pictures show able discover mountain areas glaciers flowed valleys eroded valleys smooth curve side side tell valleys glaciers curve curve chain hung loosely ends areas ice sheet glaciers formed smooth hills called drumlins drumlins shaped whale shape shows ice moved flowed steeper head end gentler tail glacial meltwater ran winding tunnels ice deposited sand gravel tunnel glacier melted rock material left winding ridge esker today eskers dug destroyed sand gravel places huge chunks ice buried glacial deposits chunks melted leaving hollows called kettles kettles hold ponds lakes dry glaciers ago melted large amounts meltwater ran ran fast rivers places rivers wore large valleys today longer glacial meltwater valleys dry swampy glacier edge place deposited moraine hills ridge meltwater washed rock material ahead moraine deposited outwash outwash formed flat plain growing farm crops
suppose weathering erosion likely change land bedrock weak tough difference bedrock show landscapes bedrock weak weathering erosion remove faster tough valleys tend grow rapidly bedrock tough land likely lower hand tough bedrock tends stand high areas forms mountains hills ridges cliffs places covers weaker bedrock protects weaker bedrock weathering landscapes pictures block diagrams show effects differences bedrock block diagrams tell tougher weaker layers bedrock located water ice air gravity living things stop changing land acting high places hills mountains making lower causing low places lake basins fill weathered eroded rock material evidence processes going millions earth surface smoother hills mountains left low places filled reason weathering erosion processes change land tend earth surface smoother going processes tend rougher evidence land acted forces inside earth pushed places let
energy energy walk run breathe energy cars airplanes fossil fuels energy fossil fuels swept sidewalk carried heavy package case energy energy kinds energy comes muscles move broom give broom energy energy human beings comes foods eat food stored bodies muscles move stored energy energy motion course energy comes muscles energy stored kinds things energy stored flashlight cell stored wood happens energy stored things change form energy eventually destroyed flashlight cells produce heat light wear light bulb wearing cells change change mass change happens energy stored cells think happens burn fuel wood happens wood happens energy stored mark flashlight cells tell find record mass sensitive balance find put cells flashlight dead check mass cell carefully
energy earth comes source sun fossil fuels plants animals stored energy sun millions ago winds blow sun food eat comes plants animals stored sun energy sun important source energy earth sun energy comes directly earth depend matter stored energy fossil fuels sun energy directly sun energy spread thinly earth energy directly sun find ways collecting place collecting solar energy sunlight falls houses solar energy collectors built homes collectors black metal black pipes attached water flowing pipes heated sun hot water heats house hot water washing dishes clothes taking baths showers architects engineers construction build tomorrow homes deal solar energy design roofs collect sun energy materials absorb sun heat reflect direction houses face receive sunlight buildings solar energy windows important design build homes put
sure run present energy sources stop wisely waste industry percent energy sources mid industries showed cut energy sources cut waste cut waste lower heat buildings reduce lighting turn machines waste cut office school buildings designed conserve energy heat passes easily glass heat loss reduced windows designed small panes buildings designed open close windows windows opened offices warm workers depend air conditioning average north american energy sources equal km coal gasoline energy sources moving goods place place automobile greatest waster energy sources fourths gasoline burned cars wasted energy waste cars important percent fuel comes oil remember oil fossil fuel run soonest waste cut buy small cars smaller lighter cars fuel larger heavier small engines gas large engines important automobiles repaired waste fuel
barbara winternitz ecologist teaches colorado college teaching classes small part ecology conducts field research birds aspen forests scrub jays pinion juniper woodland shows students research students local agencies assessing designing parks open space areas wildlife inventory wildlife present areas soon changed land cities developed human wildlife living badly disturbed roadbuilding powerline construction bulldozing impacts reduced knowing advance trails large animals small animals breeding easily destroyed planting vegetation animals eat places safe developer help maintain normal wildlife populations country dams built coal minerals strip mined fields farms converted suburban development destroys habitats homes fish wildlife impact development assessed group animals ways found reduce impact barbara private company wanting develop homes land set parks wildlife major road built affect movement mule deer reduces chances car deer collisions
living organisms need nutrients maintenance growth consumers obtain nutrients foods eat foods plants animals part biotic environment producers nutrients soil part abiotic environment plants animals need broad range nutrients nutrient adequate amounts environment population grow excess amounts nutrients harmful scarcity nutrient limit growth population farmers add fertilizers crops expect harvest table lists nutrients plants need growth food necessity parts today food supply major limiting factor humans lack food slows growth death hungry found united states places experience periodic times famine shortage food places asia africa latin america number fed increasing quickly food grown feed common measure energy calorie calorie amount energy required raise temperature gram water degree celsius calorie familiar food calorie kilocalorie kcal calories teenage females need kcals depending active teenage males need kcals football player kcals
biological activity activity requires energy consumer organisms energy food eat producers energy comes sun remember chapter energy found forms light heat electricity mechanical chemical nuclear energy energy changed forms process photosynthesis green plants light energy sun form complex organic molecules store energy energy stored molecules chemical energy plants organisms eat plants animal food animals depend plants source energy matter directly indirectly source energy biological activity organisms earth photosynthesis photosynthesis plant cells convert light energy sun chemical energy stored sugar molecules step process absorption light energy green plant energy absorbed primarily chlorophyll green pigment plants color plant takes carbon dioxide molecules air water molecules soil raw materials sugars plant light energy absorbed break water molecules hydrogen oxygen hydrogen combined carbon dioxide form sugar molecules oxygen released air oxygen gas light energy absorbed plant stored sugar molecules chemical energy
basic rules heredity discovered gregor mendel monk trained mathematician natural scientist figure mendel born today czechoslovakia young joined monastery brno son peasant farmer mendel especially interested inheritance animal plant features traits characteristics parents showed forms trait offspring hybrid expressed traits parents happen mendel began series experiments explore problem selected ordinary garden peas experiments collected strains peas seedsmen tested strain genetically pure plants appeared generation generation showed plants pure breeding bred true mendel call mendelian genetics basis modern study heredity variation experiments differed important ways scientists concentrated trait large numbers organisms data statistically sound combined results identical experiments fourth rules probability analyze results mendel chose strains showed forms trait plants tall short produced green yellow seed colors important distinct contrasting forms trait follow differences offspring
morgan white eye color mutant supported idea gene located chromosome gene action resulted white eyes found chromosome morgan found genes chromosome linked genes chromosome chromosome group genes shown linked chromosome group chromosome small fourth chromosome genes arranged chromosome chromosome genes provided answer easiest males chromosome recessive traits controlled linked genes expressed males alleles dominant traits mask females hand recessive linked trait alleles trait chromosomes knowledge chromatids undergo recombination meiosis put review section mutant genes chromosome recombine recombination genes chromosome figure shows happen chromatids break rejoin genes end chromosome happen cells undergoing meiosis frequency recombination takes place alleles depends distance
mutation recombination selection migration random genetic drift bring population linked large number individuals interbreed individuals considered species think pekingese dane species dogs interbreed contribute gene pool dog species cross intermediate breeds shown figure page species isolated remain separate species interbreeding species significant extent distinctive character disappear reproductive isolation arise ways separation species disappeared million ago obviously breed species living today species reproductively active spring interbreed reproductively active fall isolation prevents interbreeding occur origin reproductive isolation geographic isolation caused naturally occurring barriers mountains rivers organisms contact interbreed distance impossible overcome geographic barrier large populations spread wide geographic range demonstrate marked variatioins end range flicker population north america figure types flickers interbreed color due codominant trait yellow shafted flicker common eastern part united states
unicellular colonial algae float surface bodies water light energy carbon dioxide minerals water carry photosynthesis multicellular algae hand adapted living shores shallow water nutrients generally abundant living conditions difficult algae subject periodic drying variations temperature light factors result groups algae adapted niches term algae convenience longer formal classification biologists convinced groups call algae relationship algae vary greatly biochemical characteristics especially compounds cell walls food storage compounds pigments present cells cell walls algae cellulose plants variety compounds present algae store food starch unique carbohydrates common combined lipids addition chlorophyll pigments present algae pigments mask bright green chlorophyll groups named characteristic color wide variety pigments suggests groups algae evolved mutualistic relationships photosynthetic prokaryotes golden algae phylum chrysophyda microscopic aquatic organisms grow damp places land chlorophyll masked yellow pigments threadlike grow masses edges ponds streams moist flowerpots greenhouses
stamens cells anthers undergo meiosis giving rise haploid cells male spores spore haploid nucleus divides mitosis forming nuclei spore wall thickens nucleus forming pollen grain single stamen thousands pollen grains mature pollen grain male gametophyte stage set pollination fertilization pollination transfer pollen stamens pistil flowers plant flowers plants species stigma top pistil sticky trap pollen grains pollen grains reach stigma chance brought wind water visiting animal hard walls pollen grains protect haploid cells land stigma thin finger tissue pollen tube grows pollen grain pistil pollen tube nucleus tube nucleus leads nucleus divides form sperm nuclei pollen tube continues grow pistil transporting sperm nuclei ovule sperm nucleus fertilizes egg forming zygote diploid cell give rise embryo plant sperm nucleus unites female nuclei known polar nuclei fusion leads formation endosperm mass food storing cells endosperm triploid sets chromosomes
marjorie leggitt freelance biological illustrator interested art young family composed writers sculptors painters woodcarvers interest comes naturally family friends learned experiment materials colors interest science hand marj says clearly understand thinks drawing science classes college biological illustration course sparked interest continued study fine arts studying europe marj realized missed science technical art goes returned college designed program independent studies leading degree scientific art included program internship denver museum natural history graduation marj illustrated professor botanical field guide searching full job field persistence rewarded position field museum chicago marj later returned denver married reestablish career proved difficult opportunities scientific illustration fewer larger cities research conducted worked art related jobs including geological drafting computer aided graphics marj learned field art satisfied direction touch field scientific illustration marj contacted guild natural science illustrators gnsi based washington
general rapid adjustments animals environment brought nervous system adjustments movements initiated internal external signal known stimulus information carried nervous system neurons nerve cells figure neuron enlarged region cell body nucleus cell bodies located brain spinal cord cell body extend projections called nerve fibers humans fibers neurons meter nerves bundles nerve fibers neurons transmit nerve impulses stimulus occurring end nerve fiber starts process chemical electrical travels wave length neuron wave change nerve impulse chemical reactions occur nerve impulse require oxygen energy produce carbon dioxide heat electrical place plasma membrane resting neuron electrically positive inside figure difference electrical charge due differential permeability membrane sodium potassium ions stimulation neuron small segment plasma membrane permeable sodium ions positively charged sodium ions rush neuron sudden change electrical charge membrane figure local change nerve impulse starts similar change small segment manner impulse moves end neuron wave local chemical electrical figure
flight birds migrating south fall north spring familiar guides birds warmer climates winter breeding grounds spring general answers question migration triggered external factors temperature photoperiod number daylight hours season season genetically determined internal factors control seasonal behavior past behavioral scientists southern germany studying migration species warblers migrate night rest scientists observed caged warblers intensely active night fall spring behavior called migratory restlessness measured determine beginning end migration scientists investigated groups warblers group held laboratory constant temperature constant photoperiod hours group transported birds normal wintering range group laboratory winter constant temperature variations photoperiod typical temperate regions groups exhibited behavior typical warlblers wild experiments scientists exposed groups warblers photoperiods constant length migratory restlessness continued typical yearly pattern groups length experiments addition scientists observed molting occurred wild
plant hormones number characteristics common produced place transported place exert effects produced effective extremely small amounts hormones interact hormones chemical substances bring response plant processes require interaction hormones finally plant hormone affect responses plant parts part respond differently hormone general response hormone influenced variety factors including concentration presence hormones characteristics extremely difficult determine roles hormones plant physiologists experimenting questions remain unanswered groups plant hormones presently recognized discovered auxins auxin curvature stems light explain section today physiologists identified naturally occurring auxins synthesized auxins thought produced actively growing regions tip ends shoots moved active transport parts plant auxins cells growing region shoot elongate contrast concentration auxins applied root cells inhibits elongation root cells elongate response extremely low concentrations auxins effect auxin appears depend concentration plant part acts
important complex issues affect human environment americans diverse views issues addition opinions society change roe wade supreme court decision affirmed woman doctor decide woman abortion months pregnancy decision increasing attack oppose decision feel fetus person outweighs considerations movement feel contraceptive methods act destroying zygote wrong support roe wade feel pregnant woman decide happen body social issue problem poverty critical united states countries fewer resources poverty affects report physicians task force hunger stated million americans chronically underfed recent poverty affected growing number young persons children young adults food undernourished experts child development fear tht lead permanent intellectual impairment especially young children poverty relieved future persons feel vast resources united states shared answer poverty redistribution wealth maintain population expands ultimate effect redistribution poverty
accomplished pollution control encouraging need remember insight eighteenth century concern survival democracy eternal vigilance price liberty discoveries century clear eternal vigilance price preserving environmental quality children generations environmental degradation happens slowly early stages obvious fact degradation disputed stand profit exploiting environment population increases pressure resources limited physical biological environment raises moral question extent today peoples justified satisfying needs expense future generations republic china population size billion restriction individual freedom minimum standard living chinese government set limit child married couple birth control counseling mandatory citizens woman child pregnant pressured abortion social pressure large families strong children preferential access schooling jobs situation china restriction freedom individuals expansion chinese population lead worse consequences entire population china unique population nearly million doubles population size nearly billion
genetic engineering process altering genes living cell artificial means technology referred recombinant dna technology molecular geneticists recombine genetic material sequences seen section figure engineer bacteria suit purposes bacteria altered produce insulin natural substances removing genes insulin human cells genes inserted bacteria genetic material recombined bacteria reproduce fission reproduce gene human insulin gene active bacteria bacteria protein case insulin directions encoded gene gene product insulin harvested diabetics pseudomonas syringae bacterial species found plants makes protein acts nucleus formation ice crystals genetic engineers produced mutant syringae lacks protein want apply mutant strain surface potato strawberry plants mutant crowds form plants frost resistant species pseudomonas fluorescens engineered natural pesticide added roots corn plants kill hornworms cutworms pests attack plants engineered bacteria safe scientists want caution introducing mutants natural environments
evidence suggests water molecules electrically polar polar molecule uneven distribution electrical charge molecule positive pole end negative pole end assuming linear sticklike shape water molecules believed bent shaped figures oxygen end electrically negative pole greater concentration electrons compared hydrogen ends form electrically positive poles molecule unit electrically neutral molecule separation charge combined effects molecular shape electrical polarity help account properties water earlier instance unlike charges attract opposite ends neighboring water molecules attract causing stick water high boiling point takes large quantity thermal energy separate liquid water molecules form water vapor water high surface tension reduced density crystallizes ice explained molecular shape electrical polarity due polarity water attracted polar substances substances composed electrically charged particles water capable dissolving variety substances substances common table salt smallest particles uncharged atoms molecules atoms gain lose electrons form negatively positively charged particles called ions compounds known ionic compounds ionic substances composed ions
point solubility curve represents saturated solution graph shows sodium chloride dissolved water produces saturated solution point solubility curve represents unsaturated solution solution potassium nitrate water unsaturated solution able cool solution forming solid crystals solution potassium nitrate supersaturated lower temperature supersaturated solution dissolved solute saturated solution jarring potassium nitrate crystals settle remaining liquid solute water stable saturated solution table amounts potassium nitrate saturated unsaturated supersaturated solutions seen solubility solid water decreases water temperature lowered solubility behavior gases water temperature decreases gas soluble importance aquatic let happens oxygen solubility water temperature figure shows solubility oxygen gas water temperatures reported milligrams oxygen dissolved water note solubility oxygen gas solubility values oxygen solubility smaller values shown figure solid solutes
lead heavy metal familiar lead environment comes human activities lead lead compounds pottery automobile electrical storage batteries solder cooking vessels pesticides household paints compound lead oxygen red lead primary ingredient paint protects bridges steel structures corrosion romans constructed lead water pipes ago working condition lead water pipes country early replaced iron pipes discovery water transported lead pipes lead poisoning suspicion lead poisoning contributed fall roman empire today copper plastic water pipes homes older homes lead water pipes shower pans symbol lead pb comes latin plumbum source modern word plumber molecular compound lead tetraethyl lead added automobile gasoline produce burning fuel unfortunately lead enters atmosphere auto exhaust fact lead exposed comes leaded gasoline activity filling station confirm unleaded gasoline increasingly common average drinking water dissolved lead ions half environmental protection agency allowable limit ppm water systems tested recently exceeded limit
president ronald reagan announced decision restore statue liberty questions faced restoration experts including caused statue deteriorate damage repaired action prevent deterioration body statue composed individual copper plates plate originally connected iron bar framework riveted copper straps diagrammed figure ii metals copper iron contact presence moisture dissolved ions metals react similar reaction copper zinc demonstrated easily post penny teacher provide instructions home experiment pennies demonstrates corrosion metals contact environment statue builders attempt prevent copper coming contact iron framework corrosion shellac soaked asbestos copper iron junctions unfortunately inadquate protection condensed water vapor rain collected junctions humid interior statue waterproof hastened corrosion iron iron bars rusted swelled lost large portion mass result swelling rivets pulled loose left holes copper allowed plates sag figure ii addition internal structural damage concern statue copper exterior suffered effects air pollution
nature conserves automatically atomic level let look conservation means human terms conserve resources slow rate conservation replace reuse recycle replace resource requires finding substitute materials similar properties preferably materials renewable resources gathering processing resources generates unwanted materials manage materials waste dispersion nonrenewable resources eventually pose threats society preferable products gathered stored disposed wisely manufactured items prepared reuse dump unwanted outgrown clothing redistributed broken equipment repaired items wind trash recycled reprocessing materials present communities realize wisdom aspect resource management recycling program planned organized let consider activity detail nation called throwaway society true country production major materials eventually discarded waste disposal cost taxpayers billion ten percent nation energy devoted handling discarded materials critics say society overpackages food consumer items think single packaging involved fast food meal
chemcom unit focused important renewable resource water explored important nonrenewable resources clearly passengers spaceship earth rely resources board petroleum vitally important nonrenewable resource society runs petroleum form gasoline powers nearly automobile annual drive miles burning petroleum based fuel serves source heat electricity homes industries visible role petroleum chemical starting materials manufacture sorts products title petroleum build burn refers roles petroleum society fuel chemical building material important decisions petroleum lie ahead unit consider dependent petroleum petroleum nonrenewable present rate high supplies expected fundamental question petroleum chemical composition makes valuable resource answer question determine options supplies dwindle develop alternatives serve substitutes rethink valuable material change live depends degree society seeks answers questions unfortunately attention tends fluctuate price petroleum price strongly dependent economic political conditions
concept limiting reactants demonstrated easily common chemical reactions teacher demonstrate reaction hydrochloric acid hcl magnesium metal mg reaction easy observe hydrogen gas bubbles form reaction continues gas longer produced assume reactant hydrochloric acid magnesium metal point limiting reactant fully consumed demonstration judge extent reaction small balloon mouth test tube capture hydrogen gas produced amounts hydrogen gas formed estimated roughly sizes inflated balloons demonstration observe series reactions living systems difficult study terms limiting reactants isolated chemical reactions shortage key nutrient reactant severely affect growth health plant animal biochemical processes products reaction serve reactants reactions reaction stops reactant limiting reactant entire series sequential reactions stop fortunately processes backup alternate reaction pathways substances reactants need arises energy production body supply glucose depleted reactions involved glucose metabolism occur backup system involves oxidation fat body reserves glucose
proteins carbohydrates fats form major building blocks fuel molecules substances vitamins minerals important body requires tiny amounts small essential quantities vitamins minerals supplied foods eat dietary supplements body important let consider vitamins vitamins perform specialized tasks body vitamin moves calcium ions food eat intenstines bloodstream vitamin calcium ingest lost definition vitamins biomolecules small amounts growth reproduction health despite importance total quantity vitamins required gram term vitamin coined early century evidence century chemical substances fats proteins carbohydrates required disease called scurvy joints swell gums bleed skin tender common sailors early scurvy blamed food deficiency explorers learned carry citrus fruits prevent scurvy caused lack vitamin present large amounts citrus fruits health problems caused vitamin deficiencies dozen vitamins identified existence determined proved synthesizing chemistry laboratory testing animal diets
issue nitrite additives meats involves complex balance opposing risks eliminating nitrites meats increase risk botulin toxin formation certainly hazardous situation presence nitrites creates potential hazard possibility formation carcinogens body prepare list questions believe researched help resolve dilemma diet conscious society sweeteners attracted considerable attention sweetener aspartame trade nutrasweet approved government ago resulting release improved diet sodas diet foods estimated cost testing chemical compound aspartame permit marketed food additive millions requires ten research protection desire expensive pay increased food costs aspartame chemical combination natural amino acids aspartic acid phenylalanine gram gram roughly quantity food energy table sugar sucrose hundred times sweeter smaller quantities aspartame needed sweeten product explaining appeal low calorie sweetener flavor unpleasant aftertaste property makes low calorie sweeteners saccharin appealing food additive natural food components aspartame pose hazard small number individuals unable utilize sweetener body chemistry scientific evidence continues collected alarm sounded evidence found grave potential harm
nuclear power plant atomic bomb accidents occur malfunction earthquake human error release large amounts radioactive matter environment seen major accidents mile island united states chernobyl soviet union ongoing studies results accidents add knowledge risks nuclear power difficult define precise risk personal injury catastrophe nuclear plant nuclear regulatory commission told congressional committee chance severe meltdown nuclear plant situation fuel rods hot melt roughly equal chance major earthquake occur california period meltdown occur chance major release radioactivity range depending plant involved according nrc nrc attempt define risk individuals esimates risk individuals generation nuclear power study mit scientists energy research development agency suggested chance dying nuclear power plant accident high doses radiation accident lower doses suffered resulting fallout greater chance dying plane crash mind airplane travel safe
addition gases listed table vi actual air samples water vapor locations normal range water vapor gases naturally present concentrations ppm include hydrogen xenon xe ozone nitrogen oxides carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide human activity alter concentrations carbon dioxide trace components add substances lower air quality air cooled pressure condenses liquid boils distilling liquid produces pure oxygen nitrogen argon imagine mole oxygen nitrogen argon gas assume place identical amounts flexible balloons observe balloons occupy volume assuming external air pressure temperature balloons shrink half volume air pressure doubled temperature held constant balloons expand extent temperature increased external air pressure held constant balloon shrink half original volume half gas removed external air pressure temperature changed study shown balloon filled mole gas expands contracts exactly provided temperature drop low external pressure rise high
lead blocks high heeled shoes record styluses relate atmosphere unit opening demonstrations showed atmosphere exerts force object typical sea level air exerts pressure lb square inch body pressure equal atmosphere pressure expressed pressure data imaginary flight mmhg millimeters mercury weather report include barometric pressure inches mercury air pressure expressed height mercury column simple demonstration clarify matters fill graduated cylinder soft drink bottle completely water cover hand invert container water happens water level inside cylinder force supports weight column water cylinder imagine repeating taller cylinder taller cylinder cylinder taller taller height water longer fill cylinder top inverted container water experiment performed mid researchers discovered atmosphere pressure support column water taller ft tries experiment taller cylinders water drops level leaving partial vacuum liquid obviously tall device awkward handle
business chemical industry change natural materials ways observed place consider involved making product creates air mystery chemical industries operate products manufactured expect chemical plant industry important social partner modern society recent industry citizens united states begun recognize joint responsibility chemical products manufactured net benefit minimum hazard society environmental protection agency epa representative public interests contributed cooperative arrangement chemical industry responsibility products ways free hazard places safe industry obliged deal honestly public ensure risks benefits chemical operations clearly known responsible chemical companies committed reducing chronic risks risks arise term exposure chemical substances industrial scientists chemists developed sensitive instruments methods testing environment human animal tissues chemical contamination data effects chemical substances health environment industrial laboratories toxicology research term effects chemical compounds human health accelerated recent activity chemical industry government completely eliminate risks involved manufacturing chemical substances risks riding car eliminated
riverwood citizens decide referendum want eks build ammonia production plant town citizen riverwood decision let consider detail discuss class benefits risks building chemical plant riverwood things wish consider plant employ local working shifts add million economy riverwood person employed plant indirectly provide jobs local businesses riverwood labor force unemployed fertilizer farms riverwood trucked fertilizer plant miles transportation costs increase farmers costs ton ammonia based fertilizer tons fertilizer spread riverwood area farms local farmers stand save transportation costs natural gas transmission company build line deliver natural gas methane riverwood ammonia plant town residents burned fuel oil home furnaces convert natural gas homes riverwood burned natural gas oil emissions sulfur dioxide particulate matter decrease slightly ammonia plant taxed current commercial rate riverwood provide large increase revenues community ammonia manufactured high pressure high temperature accident plant kill injure nearby workers cases related injury illness employees fertilizer manufacturing plants
chemistry united states summarized book meant create adequate appreciation chemistry means economic political future nation story chemistry darrow merrill quotations chapter rubber industry illustrate factors influencing evolution rubber technology read quotations decide factors quotation fit scheme figure viii consumption rubber united states rose approximately tons tons manufacture automobiles increased hundred thousand half million period dealer cost tire dropped quality tire confronted tremendous demand commodity capital science entered partnership meet rubber touches innumerable points constantly discovered means adequate supplies rubber keenly brought home german nation war cut rubber independence factor vast significance international politics maintenance peace ample supplies rubber nation place sun insecure goodyear soon learned process vulcanization greatly hastened mixing rubber sulfur chemicals lime magnesium white lead
goods services want buy buy ticket movie buy records store buy food eat clothes wear buy rent places live buy candy lipsticks lamps posters paint think spending money business activity familiar buy business seller buy ticket movie business movie theater buy record business store sells store business simple terms business trading buying selling trading money goods services trading goods services money ago places business called trading posts days course money traded furs eggs meat fruits vegetables goods obtain efforts buying selling goods services say business sale goods services slows say business poor buy goods services business firms business firm person group persons working supply goods services want movie theater business firm stores sell records business firms business firm called business enterprise company simply business firm business firms addition movie theaters record shops include grocery hardware stores bakeries repair shops gas stations banks barber beauty shops
consumers important single force determining business firms produce buy business firms government teenager belong influential consumer groups estimated young thirteen nineteen age spend nearly billion annually buying decisions certainly consumers help determine goods services produced demand consumer goods determines business firms spend money product popular consumers business firms build plants buy equipment produce consumer demand product service increases capital goods needed production nation resources produce capital producer goods depends demand consumer goods consumers influence production united states remember gnp stands gross national product total goods services produced read demand product service determines produced total demand goods services determines total production gnp demand created spending total demand goods services spending buyers consumers business firms government total spending goods services decreases reason total production decreases fewer goods services produced words total production total spending standard living term describe live measured kinds quality goods services provided
anthony miller brother steven business miller brothers store business organized partnership partnership proprietorship owners partner supplies money needed finance business partnership formed partner supplying money supplying special knowledge skill proprietorship owners partnership managers share profits business succeeds risk fails success partnership business depends ability owners discover late partnership enabled miller brothers pool money enterprise finance advantage partnership heads combining skills knowledge experience partners succeed business fail partnership disadvantages proprietorship partner withdraw sell share business partner partners approve partner legal agreements firm partners honor agreements proprietorship owners partnership unlimited liability worse suppose partnership fails partner pay share debts partner responsible debts douglas martin part owner oakville brick tile company business organized corporation part owner
spend money wisely learn think terms needs wants needs things require physical survival wants things nice resources limited important satisfy needs easy separate needs wants need clothing protection sun wind cold heat rain snow want clothes satisfy desire look attractive style needs wants overlap ideas needs change car considered luxury plaything rich today think car necessity buy car buy transportation want lot extras air conditioning stereo push button windows recent survey fourths questioned consider color tv set necessity wrong buying luxuries mean going essential going lunches save money clothes cars shows poor choice consumer choices kinds kind involves deciding income divided buy price tag size incomes determines buy extent size incomes controls divided necessities claim spending income allocated spending amount remaining consumer freedom choice
hardest part budgeting budget balance means income spending equal decide change habits spending stephanie wanted stereo reduce expenses cut entirely estimating expenses stephanie cut fixed expenses expenses paid changed easily young children fixed expenses fixed expenses married couple include things rent car furniture payments insurance stephanie fixed expense cents set weekly yearbook yearbook fixed expense signed order agreeing buy words expense resulted choice stephanie past listed savings put percent earnings planned build reserve fund equal week pay amount estimated savings stereo note stephanie listed savings top list fixed expenses lunches school supplies fixed expenses represented needs stephanie eat amount spend lunch fixed eat school cafeteria cents bring lunch home days bring sandwich home buy milk soup hot chocolate
federal agencies known initials fda stands food drug administration protect consumers agency nutrition labeling food products chapter developed fda major concern safety purity labeling foods drugs cosmetics products consumers spend estimated percent incomes single food product harmful bacteria affect persons disease carrying product discovered fda works find remove addition works product market notifies public unsafe products radio tv newspaper announcements fda test food additives determine safety food additives chemicals foods preserve improve flavor appearance nutritional added milk vitamin increases nutritional red dye number color variety products thought injurious health fda banned fda controls sale prescription drugs prescription drug sold manufacturer evidence safe effective unfortunately rules applied counter drugs bought prescription widely advertised include headache cold remedies pain relievers sleeping aids pep pills recently manufacturers products required prove products safe effective fda began review counter drugs determine safe effective properly labeled
source consumer loans cheaper bank credit union member borrow credit union cooperative remember cooperative business organized provide owners members goods services saving bank credit union savings lending organization members deposit savings credit union paid interest return savings loans members low rates members credit union common bond firm belong church lodge labor union credit union sets rates range thirds percent percent month annual rate percent credit unions able charge low rates reasons lend members rarely investigate persons wanting loans members pay office space provided free charge firms members true cooperatives credit unions nonprofit organizations consumer loans small amount compared business firms companies specialize making loans consumers called small loan companies names personal finance companies consumer finance companies companies operate laws regulate maximum amount loaned rates charged regulations vary general rates charged small loan companies higher legal lenders pawnbrokers facts tell
gary tyler choice bank savings loan bought bank money order bank money orders cost kinds banks savings loan associations issue depositors free charge main advantage bank money orders issued amounts buy bank money order receipt carbon copy actual money order money order paid returned bank issued file case prove payment money going hurry barbara mork barbara vacation trip purse stolen called parents asked send money quickly return home telegraph office barbara telegraphic money order message telegraph office directing office pay stated sum person named amount hours parents telegraphic money order barbara money going telegraph office money order expect telegraphic money order expensive types speed important saving worth extra cost overnight service cost money received morning additional fee money delivered person receive
investment considered risky dollar change likely change riskier investment want money risky investment worth paid fact worth paid risk safe investments answer investment someday worth cost dollars paid originally investments called safe involve risk risk money invested lose purchasing power inflation inflation remember general increase prices prices goods services rise money buys loses getting money fixed dollar investment dollars worth prices higher investment dollars worth money investments want money deposited bank savings account returned ask put wish money invested stocks bonds corporation easily takes days learn chapter investments change money invested money invested property kind sell property
insurance protection regardless insured lives accounts premiums insurance higher start amount term insurance premium change suppose bought policy age premium protection reach premium policy policy age premium insurance includes kinds policies straight limited payment difference length premiums paid straight policy premiums paid insured person lives limited payment policy premiums paid stated number pay policy means policyholder required pay premiums limited payment policies issued age premium paid policy paid remains force remainder insured person lifetime premiums limited payment course higher straight fewer number insurance investment insurance protection investment part known cash learned study credit borrow cash insurance policy decide longer want policy exchange cash
spite progress health care health insurance plans inadequate health care national problem part problem rising costs insurance consumers paid health care bills recent persons spending pockets health care medicare began ten kind health insurance protected catastrophic illness accident ten health insurance part problem shortage health care workers institutions health care simply americans areas doctors estimated half million living rural areas access physician poor large cities doctors naturally tend open offices neighborhoods afford services problems put mounting pressure congress united states create program national health insurance numerous plans proposed fairly type national health insurance program eventually enacted plan adopted goal provide health care basis need income need health insurance sudden unexpected discover coverage adequate main purpose insurance remember protect expenses damage financially means major medical expense insurance protect catastrophic illness accident
stanley kovacs president bank judy trumm circus acrobat helen johansen school teacher husband carl farmer tony garcia turned trying find school job alike members labor force age older working actively looking belongs labor force makes difference person works full hours member labor force working looking job knowledge labor force valuable choosing occupation labor force part population jobs willing able nation total labor force includes members armed forces civilian labor force total labor force minus members armed forces civilian labor force includes owners proprietorship partnership businesses includes employed persons doctors lawyers civilian labor force want employed group referred labor market group employers select workers put labor market workers compete jobs entering leaving civilian labor force size difficult estimate exactly large increase labor force summer students looking jobs young leave labor force school opens fall
production increasing population increasing question production increased result goods services person words standard living improved extent average amount produced person figured dividing gnp population amount called gnp capita means production output person table margin shows gnp capita preceding tables gnp capita increased figures constant dollars notice course goods services equally divided citizens figures page averages gnp capita figures important measure standard living united states improved part production increased population means goods services woman child money business firms receive sale goods services paid replace worn machines equipment goes taxes pay rent pay interest borrowed money profit owners business firms paid wages salaries workers read chapter share income goes individuals personal income income result production increase production increase personal income
free enterprise system unemployment considered normal workers allowed choose jobs change jobs wish quit jobs fired find jobs give looking counted unemployed unemployment rate rises considered normal concern usual explanation times economy growing fast true explain high unemployment rates average growth explanation percentage working age population labor force increasing number women labor force increased percent double increase female population teenagers joined labor force record numbers retired persons found struggle live fixed incomes looked words opportunities employment attract newcomers labor force find jobs newly created jobs workers unemployed employment increasing unemployment increase learned earlier unemployment result hardship households today members jobs unemployed create problem unemployment addition unemployment insurance makes short term unemployment hardship real problem lasting joblessness continues prosperity called hard core unemployment recent million workers unemployed months longer
united states consumers workers privately owned business firms called private sector economy government called public sector citizens decisions public private sectors public sector voters economic matters involving local government citizens decisions directly suppose city county needs voter approval issue bonds finance school hospital sports stadium proposal issuing bonds appears ballot citizens vote directly national level voters decide economic questions indirectly voting party candidate views consumer comparison shop buy voting citizen important comparison shop candidates voting choose candidate favors stiffer antipollution measures issue involve lowering tariffs kinds goods tariff remember tax goods imported countries frequent issue nation resources public goods private goods course taxation issue citizens vote issues political candidates actually helping shape economic decisions government citizen express opinion issues limited voting booth elected representatives operate basis information voters districts represent voters provide information writing letters sending petitions making personal visits realize citizens influence outcome fail vote
barely daylight georgie started journey spite worrying mother managed put small nourishing lunch letter uncle analdas packed knapsack slung shoulder father twin bridges stepped briskly hill valley lake mist rounded treetops swam floating islands orchards rose mounting chorus birds greeted houses asleep dogs fat crossroads quiet animals met gray fox returning night weston looked footsore sleepy chicken feathers clung ruff red buck trotted daintily black road wish luck morning father social conversation business rabbit county knew business father son firmly mother nervous add worries taking unnecessary risks carelessness dawdling foolishness close road watch bridges crossings bridge hide answered georgie wait look dogs
jerome opened eyes sat sunshine coming big window grouch sitting window sun jerome sighed deeply expected young raccoons returned felt sad place pretty quiet grouch couple bachelors grouch grumbled answer hungry wanted breakfast jerome laced boots washed face grouch marched room grumbling scolding jerome fried strip bacon egg strip bacon egg grouch ate studied figure chiseling cream colored stone hurriedly finished breakfast washed dishes set figure worked steadily afternoon adding fine touches chip sliver caught coy look mrs grouch lifted worked lower lip stepped yes lady peeping edge box grouch wandering meadow face wore discouraged frown scowl searched wife failed find tracks cold marched cabin began demanding lunch jerome gave canned meat sandwich
sat campfire front tent duff crept close web stared flames moving stretch arms add fuel blaze duff fear fire lightning fires forest loved smell wood smoke lay nose stretched watching tried kill suddenly web doone moved uneasily turned peer darkness bear duff move beady eyes shine light big cat web stared moment turned sat duff eased forward thirty feet swift rush blow front paw bear powerful jaws close neck web doone aim set gun duff opened mouth licked chops red tongue shoulders tightened horses stamped restlessly snorted displeased small sound drifting smell web peered signs woodsman ignore stood picked rifle grumbling wrong animals duff heard sound boots soft ground bear dimly walked darkness
stomach head asked caddie anxiously let tongue mean feel acting bad warren cheerfully weather tom bad let play spy asked warren haymow caddie wish find buried treasure fight indians exciting warren look tongue tom caddie agreed tom moment warren found pinned reluctantly displaying tongue wa wa wa wa warren resentfully trying free wrong speech caddie twinkling eyes listen funny noises makes tries talk tongue coated tom pull careful behaves warren arose wounded dignity brushed hetty run tell mother lief wasn raining hard fun caddie let haymow play spy climbed ladder vast sweet smelling loft rain drummed loudly roof shut completely rafters pigeons rustled cooed summer hay piled high excellent place hide drew straws warren drew unlucky straw put head arm leaned side barn eyes tightly shut
slept late morning woke fur cap home hanging bedpost dr franklin crouched fire attempting write fits sneezing glasses hunting fire smoking room cold wishing critical bit wood smoky ember consider fire waste want severe writing suppose suppose spend weeks bed pewmonia waste putting log amos doctors bills bills shuddering put logs quick fire blazed room dr franklin fireplace wrong call ben plain ben wrong thing heat goes chimney church hot chestnut business rushing drop chestnut pop look touched ground sack vestry put middle floor gather round warmth
high times elephant beloved trunk blackish bulgy nose big boot wriggle side side couldn pick things elephant elephant elephant child full satiable curtiosity means asked questions lived africa filled africa satiable curtiosities asked tall aunt ostrich tail feathers grew tall aunt ostrich spanked hard hard claw asked tall uncle giraffe skin spotty tall uncle giraffe spanked hard hard hoof full satiable curtiosity asked broad aunt hippopotamus eyes red broad aunt hippopotamus spanked broad broad hoof asked hairy uncle baboon melons tasted hairy uncle baboon spanked hairy hairy paw full satiable curtiosity asked questions saw heard felt smelt touched uncles aunts spanked full satiable curtiosity fine morning middle procession equinoxes satiable elephant child asked fine question asked
dete grandfather sat bench eyes fixed ground meantime heidi busily looking saw goats shed hut peeped empty continuing explore fir trees hut wind blowing hard roared branches high tops heidi stood listened sound died side hut coming grandfather stood directly front put hands gazed steadily grandfather looked want asked want inside house heidi grandfather started bring bundle clothes reached door won need replied heidi turned looked sharply child black eyes sparkled waited inside house stupid half asked aloud won need want goats thin quick legs bring things commanded grandfather put cupboard heidi obeyed opened door heidi fairly large room
place beautiful eastern africa dewy morning season rains mountain tops forest veldt gilded gentle light newly risen sun millions flowers masses color face plains vast sweep land zebra wildebeeste kongoni gazelle numbering power count feed wind high blue heavens vultures wheel motionless wings morning hour letting cattle mountain call mafunglulia boy simba stood gate mud walled village hand herding spear feet boys age equipped similar spears shouting cattle crowding narrow opening wall occasionally wayward cow turn village boy leap nimbly prodding sides yelling shrilly turn tossing horns rolling eyes join gate dust rose clouds simba slender body covered clung sweat rolled ribs stomach week simba responsibility herding father animals proud boy longer child hunting bow bring monkey tallest tree driving bamboo arrow clean body
awakened night sound rain beating heavy drops window pouring torrents wind wuthering round corners chimneys huge house mary sat bed felt miserable angry rain contrary knew want threw pillow buried face cry lay hated sound heavily beating rain hated wind wuthering sleep mournful sound awake felt mournful felt happy lulled sleep wuthered big raindrops poured beat pane sounds person lost moor wandering crying lying awake turning side side hour suddenly sit bed turn head door listening listened listened wind loud whisper wind crying heard door room ajar sound corridor faint sound fretful crying listened minutes minute sure
torwal lone tree mail odds ends whitey jinglebob corral practicing rodeo stuff shakes size figured top hands known fact want top hand business practice torwal afternoon saw considerable cloud dust raising corral keeping bunch yearlings olds fattening shipping rode closer hear excitement tied horse climbed fence watch jinglebob roped big yearling snubbed snubbing post middle corral held whitey put rope critter climbed jinglebob turned rope loose calf started imitation brahma bull rodeo whitey rode jumps thrown dusted roped calf jinglebob tried ride boys plastered sweat dirt calves likewise standing tips tongues showing foam chops re practicing top hands whitey told uncle torwal yessir jinglebob re practicing roping bareback riding today
jinglebob surprise drum swung tops limber poles whipping directions proved solid proposition jinglebob sailed rolled head heels surprised whitey matter looked looked contraption uncle torwal looked pleased think kids play toy asked sir thing bucks worse black diamond cheyenne course wasn expecting brisk try don reckon trouble staying try whitey tried piled talked torwal trying mighty pleased thrown quick took turns practice found contraption outlaw horse difficult horse wore hair experimenting contraption smoky tom nelson rode cowboys torwal pleased torwal playing kids contraption wide grins talk torwal invited try ride provided whitey jinglebob
england lived boy called dick whittington father mother died young eat wear poor folk village spare dick watched wagon drive village street horses bells heads fine wagon going london thought dick country folk poor boy sure london wonderful place streets paved gold wagoner walking horses whip hand sir dick timidly london town kind wagoner learned dick parents care willing london dick hurry gold paved streets ran saying goodbye ran ran ran alas streets muddy dirty village home poor dick nearly starved london eaten days lay doorstep weak ill spied cook ugly bad tempered woman shame lazy beggar scolded give bath hot dishwater
jeb caught breath sharp sound uncle raff slipped fallen landed thud shooting arm sat arm hung side jeb dropped rope raced kneel uncle raff wrenched bad uncle raff face tight pain win sam loud voice win shoot kin uncle raff answer sam words looked jeb handed gun jeb knew feet gun hands shooting boy sam harsh voice jeb jump don mind jeb uncle raff easy shoot re tillson won bellowed sam olmstead opened mouth speak ahead shrill voice crowd don pay mind jeb tillson kin shoot mornin jeb suddenly felt granny able shooting match pushed forward crowd sharp face bright anger loud murmur approval listening agreed granny jeb shoot uncle raff place olmstead nodded jeb ahead sam cotter going let crowd
sam happened dip book south america eyes grew wider learned amazon river brazil river thousand miles wide mouth going south america explore amazon announced find ship orleans york going south america orleans idea york boarded steamer paul jones started south sam clemens forgotten dream steamboatman stood rail watching river grow wider deeper left rail wandered pilothouse flanked giant smokestacks stood door circular room looking big wheel hand rested young learn river asked politely wouldn pilot growled cub pilots trouble re worth sam stood ground decided tired printer wanted river pilot bowen boys asked turned bowen boys fact taught bowen pilot pilot grew friendly weeks paul jones journeyed river orleans sam hung pilothouse talked pilot
thirty afternoon september fifteen shirley disbury eileen connor gaily boarded ferryboat governor carr plying newport rhode island tiny conanicut island narragansett bay school half hour trip trip today going unknowing race lives nature violent destructive monster days caribbean mass cool dry air rushed mass hot moist air sending whirling upward wild spiraling motion whirling grew faster faster sucking air moving northerly direction winds edge spiral mere thirty forty miles hour closer hit hundred dead center spot utter calm hurricane eye air pressure low waves swelled mountain water traveled whirlwind roared north united states terrible hurricane worst disaster strike england weather bureau equipped give storm warnings today eileen shirley captain harry fillmore eighty schoolboys schoolgirls supposed high winds waves blow exciting alarmed
re si ty peter spelled slowly eyes tightly closed couldn dictionary page mouthful word wasn chance teacher size tell left spelling match happen peter surprising success hope stop laughter school early fall mid november forgotten mowed haystack tenth birthday peter begging father let drive family tractor young peter father saying grown drive tractor grown measure early fall pa let trial run boy pa shown tractor worked peter climbed started engine felt king high tractor seat school peter bragged talked handled machine evening soon trial run boys peter school bicycling past robinson farm
sally turned collar jacket closer ears pushed hands deeper pockets didn help stiff cold wind ocean matter sis brother jerry yelled wind sally turned re big strong smart teased think earn money face gramps christmas morning present jerry haven thought single money making idea sally jerry discouraged shrug shoulders summer vacation place wintertime re telling sally unhappily wish christmas silly worrying money jerry sound comforting christmas exactly days dollars couldn gramps extra special gift christmas spoiled jerry sighed looked heavy grayish breakers pounding shore kicked sand walked sister say jerry asked sally suddenly didn say jerry growled heard insisted sally glancing quickly sounded dog jerry look dog look breakwater
ann johnson looked book reading door swung open study hall looking staring mexican girl walked teacher desk girl stared wide friendly smile flashing face miss peterson picked pencil asked girl kindly girl drew deep breath bianca marita francesca rosalita quiroso announced proudly laughed surprised expression teacher face call mouthful named saint grandmothers rich granduncle uh repeat slowly miss peterson asked laugh welled front row bianca smile widened friendly reply rattled list names laughter turned roar miss peterson straightened shoulders stood quiet bianca empty seat row empty seat ann ann watched bianca coming beaming classmates passed desks bianca sat whispered excitedly ann beautiful desk desks school parrots sit benches teacher bianca marita francesca rosalita quiroso ann johnson whispered ann hurriedly ann puzzled bianca loud whisper
spring winter weary soldiers villagers valley forge sky blue warmth sunshine welcome early evening frank appeared farm danny walk sat talk hill overlooking valley camp buzzin beehive evenin danny sitting sharply sensed air excitement rising camp danny frank answered quietly general washington orders tomorrow re move frank want begged danny danny frank remember night hut talking weak strong danny nodded didn stop think insisting going army kind weakness weak thing want don want farmer matter country needs food soldiers want soldier easier staying home easy bein soldier danny cried soldiers suffered somethin awful saw em duty soldiers re doin duty hard danny ways duty harder duty courage takes
big show emma mccantry felt happy excited hurried country road friends hear announced emma friend caddie woodlawn medicine show part country runs named doctor hearty plays banjo sings lots funny songs magic tricks spotted horse asked lida silbernagle takes show wagon say dog tricks caddie yes part show caddie show buy medicine emma smile grew wider wider wait finish errands show seen show wanted front row started promised return candle mold neighbors crossroads store deliver basket eggs girls started pasture bobolink whistled gaily emma couldn help whistling true bobolink call wish caddie emma knows lots birdcalls don emma asked lida emma rounded lips exact sound robins rain
prairie changed dark yellow brown red streaks sumac lay wind wailed tall grass whispered sadly curly short buffalo grass night wind sounded crying pa country big woods cut hay cure stack put barn winter high prairie sun cured wild grass stood winter mustangs cow mow hay needed small stack stormy days weather cooler town summer hot heat hard pet patty pull wagon twenty miles town days want home longer stacked small stack hay barn cut winter wood corded cord house meat took gun hunting laura mary played wind outdoors heard shot echo woods creek knew pa meat wind cooler creek bottoms flocks wild ducks rising flying settling
bed called need sheets cover pleased quick helpful child arms full bedclothes climbed ladder helped heidi comfortable bed girl looked admiration wish night lie exclaimed eat grandfather heidi felt hungry think soon bright fire burning open fireplace kettle boiled merrily put piece cheese fork held coals golden yellow sides heidi ran cupboard seen bread dishes grandfather toasted cheese cup tea table nicely laid loaf bread middle think told filled bowl goat milk heidi spread bread thickly hot cheese finished dinner put order hut goats house heidi observing closely evening wind began sigh pine trees sounded beautiful heidi ran hut began skip dance
kapoonga woke start held breath hoping school bell heard ringing loud bell late planned arrive school early today order tell bear hunt late usual kapoonga dashed igloo dark cold air chewing breakfast ran sun shone frozen loneliness kapoonga daylight darkness told bed older folk slept felt woke hunger called boys girls school school bell reached school glanced quickly friend tooka sat tooka face covered big grin plainly told bear hunt overslept late kapoonga lost chance tell story glanced guv mint teacher looking sternly desk eyes traveled face big clock wall kapoonga twisted miserably seat think arrive school suddenly clock schoolroom reminded clock seen shelf trader
pancho walked slowly house started hill market mexican village mother stood waving yellow doorway god called pancho carried tiles head tiles father killed street accident tiles bound slender rope pancho held precious bundle steady hand walked tiles heavy heart heavier sold tiles earn money mother learn tiles father meantime meantime patter bare feet path market trudged twisty streets past rainbow colored houses mud brick walls jolly woman shining black braids trotted past basket fresh eggs head woman turkey tucked arm passed close pancho turkey feathers brushed cheek homemade ladder hurried pancho tiles market pancho walked village park trees sun bright leaves lined paths
tinkle breaking glass sounded lot brother shouted run bud run thinking bud raced gordon shelter nearby fence gordon whispered saw bud wet lips ashamed run don care robinson saw declared tell broke window started forward gordon caught hold arm don crazy bud think happen robinson finds pay window dad dad say bud hesitated yes father say bud marks studies father favor taking part sports baseball season father wish forget basketball season teams taking bud tried convince dad sports teach fair play sense team spirit father mind set robinson likely say sports bud gordon urging let home slowly bud gordon fence street gordon group friends bud walked home
sandy fairchild ski fan liked skiing watching sports put washington birthday wide championship run sugarloaf mountain knew couldn stay watch sandy fastened skis trying think going miss mrs andrews beautiful skis christmas promised visit washington birthday mrs andrews say thing mean looking sandy guessed promise months ago sugarloaf chosen championship races washington birthday picked big ski meet stand mrs andrews lived closer promise today sugarloaf mountain races lived hours race course side mount redfield skied south end village sandy marking race course red flags farther caves dips blue shadowed gleaming snow lay devil run opening valley sandy skied devil run reached mount redfield half hour
ago lived wise teacher pupils names dickson carrick byers fuller longshanks jonathan webber wise teacher taught pupils knew reading writing arithmetic deal times tried mold fine young teaching things courage honesty patience pupils loved teacher passed pupils grown tall straight fine young pupils humbly ready living ready say wise teacher twinkle eye ready living eh taught reading carrick spelling arithmetic taught honesty added dickson courtesy patience ready webber teacher try experiment experiment echoed jonathan sort experiment wise teacher dug pockets found golden coins pressed coin hand pupils carrick
passing slowed steps glance curiously boy wearing strange red hat michael pupin took notice glances wonder excitement blind busy streets stared cobweb wires stretched buildings stared higher buildings jut high heavens wonder believing america wind swept streets york city march morning cold biting michael shivered thinking warm sheepskin coat hat sold help pay boat ticket europe sure warm sunny america pictures schoolbooks show indians wearing clothing buying ticket coat warm hat wear boat money left buy blanket warm night traveled thin suit red fez head sea freezing winds north atlantic ocean searched part storm tossed ship michael trudge warm night night climbed top deck flattened warm smokestack freezing
mountain river home master tom lay staring velvety green valley spread tomorrow leave countryside loved school school days journey river tom horse left cropping grass push nose questioningly boy shoulder tom turned thin face going ten tears horse dampness tom eyes arithmetic spelling french tom puzzled loud fellow need stuff means lot ride swim look crops tom father spoken father word law son tom enter private school later college young tom start living father unchangeable rules learn ask education live rule father told education able things learn plantation riding side tom suggested eagerly learn look corn wheat raise cows sheep pigs
anne sullivan walked office dr bell busy filling papers desk hurried told dr bell soon heard wanted job anxious start teaching shown deaf children dr bell thoughtfully shook head troubled expression crossed kindly face yes miss sullivan willingness pleases job going tell terribly difficult teaching child hear bound hard answered enthusiastically kind hard wonderful able help children feel trying help girl hear hear miss sullivan echoed questioningly child taught teach finger alphabet deaf children fingers form letters couldn sighed dr bell sight hearing ideas senses girl taste smell touch learn sense touch miss sullivan suggested hesitatingly formed letters finger alphabet hand feel
boy worked hard field barn shed poor farmers pay workman sunset hour boy top hill look hill rose miles hill stood house windows clear gold diamonds shone blazed boy wink look house put shutters looked common farmhouse boy supposed suppertime house supper bread milk bed boy father called boy earned holiday remember god gave try learn thing boy thanked father kissed mother put piece bread pocket started find house golden windows pleasant walking bare feet marks white dust looked footprints making company shadow dance run pleased cheerful
woman looked match box morning saw match left dear sighed tomorrow market buy matches let fire save match light lamp tonight eating breakfast thought fire going heat flatirons weekly ironing woman washed dried breakfast dishes ready ironing set irons stove heat laid ironing board backs chairs fetched soap box stand reach ironing board flatirons hot brought basket clothes began iron ironed pieces began worry match suppose match broken thought light lamp tonight wrap piece cotton set iron plucked piece cotton red chair cushion wrapped match cotton broken laid carefully box ironing ironed pieces began worry match suppose match damp thought
gudbrand farm lay hillside called gudbrand hillside wife lived happily husband wife thought pleased turned hand farm land hundred dollars lying bottom chest cows farmyard wife gudbrand dear think cows town sell money hand ready money hundred dollars chest yonder hole savings sure don want cow gain looking cow gudbrand thought wife talked sense set cow sell town buy cow mind gudbrand worst home cow road farther started home cow bit met horse sell
morning serapina live salinus waked alarm clock soft gargling sound left ear woke serapina sitting pillow salinus tried push serapina simply moved ear gargled louder salinus sat glared looked clock exactly forty alarm turned strange salinus bed bathrobe slippers sure set alarm night thing cat happened wake mrs salinus murmured sleepily think don think happen salinus bet plans don girl asked serapina wasn dressed salinus started routine sally room late serapina finished pulling covers sally neatly front paws pulled side jumping sally pulled side serapina jumped sally bounced gently mattress rocked awake rocked asleep waked sally serapina jumped bed hustled peter room peter lying reading comic book serapina stopped sat stomach thwacked book tail
seen pino riding father thought indian boy part southwest boys pino lived house sun dried brick called adobe spent helping father mother pino parents pottery painted bright designs learning copy played ate slept grew boys pino talk concerned pino father mother son talk fast learns true boy settlement eyes brighter ears keener feet run swiftly hands clever sure things pino liked liked indian agency father sell pottery buy supplies pino liked days liked trip narrow trail settlement liked climbing father jogging solid feeling horse legs pino wished horse sitting scant shade front agency building called hello ata pino father hello pino pino
early morning mother quietly wake lydia took hold shoulder gently ssh shut door nancy sleeps rain stopped sun wasn course market baking sunday chores attended things market put wagon cold lydia didn feel getting especially thought mat wouldn think obeying dressing half dark slipped quietly door mom breakfast kitchen full smell things malinda putting clean white cloth basket basket filled rolls fresh butter crocks cottage cheese end table loaded things wagon pop hung hat peg lyddy whisking floor lydia couldn bear tell couldn shusselie left mat rain think tell pop guess mat makes dry think mom home arbor malinda makes chicken house door fast lantern makes light mat lyddy
rabbits meeting looked solemn hops small brown rabbit sat mother trying understand tickleson meanest farmer counties rabbits shot set traps lately throwing poisoned lettuce leaves rabbits nibbled pea farmer tickleson garden tight fence rabbits meeting think answer problem oldest rabbit hunt tirelessly leaf clover whispered hops mother rabbit finds leaf clover magic power mother found yesterday hops mrs rabbit threw paws surprise asked ate order shouted oldest rabbit hops eaten leaf clover explained mother immediately rabbits stared hops wonder admiration sure count carefully asked order oldest rabbit shouted tomorrow tickleson hops say pouf dragon eaten leaf clover hops shook excitement suppose don enjoy dragon change oldest rabbit lasting hours begin shrink teach say
widow son sick feeble son help house son storehouse meal porridge lad storehouse meal coming steps ground meal hands pfff north wind scattered boy meal north wind blew hands thing happened boy decided stop poor folk afford lose food look north wind home ask give meal widow son set home north wind walked walked walked place north wind lived lad north wind thank coming yesterday decided polite north wind tried polite roared spoke couldn help thank coming mind suppose yes lad boldly kind give meal blew hands storehouse steps yesterday
lived wife named peter kate poor scarcely bread put mouths lived wretched hut front hut river patch ground gnarled apple tree night peter sleeping dreamed dream dream peter hard grumbled complained mind help follow river bridge side river town stand bridge wait patiently happen happen lose courage wait patiently tell fortune morning peter awoke told dream kate wife curious thing told rich nonsense answered wife dreams foolishness night soon peter fell asleep appeared told peter
grimalkin stopped sharpen claws tree finished job full satisfaction hurried benjamin benjamin broke run hope sassoonan panted ran bake fish thee grimalkin corn cakes suddenly benjamin burst full indians sight held stock circle fire licking base white fir tree tree danced chief sassoonan sons bear elk beaver waved poles wet rags tied ends soon fire leaped line tree trunk snuffed wet rags loud hissing sound water drowned fire benjamin going fell tree hollow boat quickly benjamin squatted earth began sketching drawing board indian figures took shape frowned paint copper brown grimalkin indians running benjamin voices raised cry crashing snapping branches fir tree fell earth grimalkin trembling fear leaped benjamin shoulder afraid kitling comforted benjamin soon quiet moment sassoonan caught sight white boy black cat face wrinkled pleasure
swinging worn shoes steps covered wagon canvas top roof months rose looked wilderness road beginning lay mountains road ended wide river rose father mother england unknown place ohio river called west owned packed lumbering wagon camped banks ohio flatboat ferry big wagon home twelve girl corner crowded pewter plates patchwork quilts sacks cornmeal gourds milk rose family dolls pine cones dressed bits calico dress torn heads dolls small wild apples wore sunbonnets rose kicking heels wagon step rose wished knew lay deep woods camp watched mother bending knitting father trying catch fish supper rose stood swinging hand basket arm going walk mother find berries wood eat porridge tonight rose mother warned father saw big brown bear close morning
pedro walked slowly home school head low brown chest brown eyes sad turned corner side street stores sides started dusty road mud brick home boy walked dusty road looking sad tuesday friday pedro class school closing party meant school closed hot summer months children miss marshall celebrate closing party miss marshall asked children party food party goodies smiling eager faces named goody bring pedro hubbub miss marshall rung bell desk times quiet minute children don think ask mothers tonight tomorrow tell think food vote plan food want fair class agreed idea pedro sat seat thinking hard walked dusty road thinking thoughts pedro mexico short
english mastiff dutch spaniel lying shadow linden trees bordered streets leyden depart journey sea excited minutes passed dogs word mastiff lay quietly tongue lolling mouth spaniel jumping minutes race street giving short excited yelps goodness sakes growled mastiff finally don quiet heard master say start voyage yes yes barked spaniel condition lot hunting america lions heard pilgrims say getting practice hunt mastiff looked small companion sniffed anxious hunt lions questioned spaniel serve master found guarding house door pilgrims lions mastiff laid head paw slept spaniel wrinkled nose companion words continued rush wildly streets leyden sailing dogs pilgrim masters england england dogs departed mayflower america
gray colt famous small general lee saw cantered greenbriar county fair west virginia cantered track short blue ribbons fluttering bridle crowds fair cheered tossed head proudly spring gray colt grown handsome think blue ribbons longer grazed sniffed wind kicked frisky heels hilly pasturelands greenbriar county north south war rider young confederate major gray uniform pleasant virginia army camp constantly petted praised soldiers admired fine points easy gait proud carriage delicate ears broad forehead full mane tail gray horse arch neck nicker softly felt strange hand mane turned head looked gentle dark eyes tall officer stir excitement camp words general lee raced ranks general robert lee commander confederate forces loved south soldier wanted glimpse stood talking officer owned gray horse
ten minutes darkest dawn whistle wild west train sounded valley ardeth stirred bed shower pebbles struck window brought wide awake hey voice called ardeth ran window lawn shadowy forms martin henry dawlish hurry hissed martin nearly miss fun ardeth flung clothes shivering excitement moment hurrying dark street martin henry whistle wild west train shrieked side town shook hands buffalo bill montana henry ardeth heard times thrilled think remember asked bet henry reached station watched big horses pulling heavy creaking wagons meadow circuses pitched tents cowboys indians driving oxen leading rearing ponies indian tepees pitched field enormous show tent going sound shouts grunts let watch cowboys breakfast martin breakfast asked ardeth eat sure move shows trick riding shooting bronco busting food martin tent completely set dining tent
interesting follow washington career tell expedition woods called ohio river english french claimed country full english french hunters traded indians point sides secure friendship savages governor dinwiddie virginia governor canada watching dinwiddie mind send french message message effect western country belonged england french build forts person carry message friends indians service governor dinwiddie chose young george washington things happened washington twenty proof confidence choose young difficult service washington known shown actions character reproach set received commission governor party waiting winchester white hunters friendly indians gist experienced woodsman
child friends holiday filled pocket coppers directly shop sold toys children charmed sound whistle met hands boy voluntarily offered gave money home whistling house pleased whistle disturbing family brothers sisters cousins understanding bargain told times worth put mind things bought rest money laughed folly cried vexation reflection gave chagrin whistle gave pleasure afterward impression continuing mind tempted buy unnecessary thing don give whistle saved money grew observed actions thought met gave whistle saw fond popularity constantly employing political bustles neglecting affairs ruining neglect pays whistle knew miser gave kind comfortable living pleasure esteem fellow citizens joys benevolent friendship sake accumulating wealth poor pay whistle
americans think country land freedom opportunity enter business profession likes share government land freedom freedom safe stop think freedom means learn free government share need notice freedom condition happens began strong ambitious groups tried force rule groups succeeded descendants held power millions subjects hundreds hearts brave longing throw rule oppressors battles fought unjust rulers slowly won freedom heroes secured freedom children later times freedom america inheritance precious gift handed brave forefathers fought win
thomas jefferson wrote declaration independence knew chosen honor ordered desk carpenter table fourteen inches ten inches wide inches high desk writing declaration finally jefferson penned refers fair copy copy john hancock president congress ordered engrossed parchment peril lives fifty brave signed names school children declaration independence library congress delighted john hancock signature group remind john hancock wrote john bull read spectacles signature attracts attention tremblingly written stephen hopkins rhode island reason unsteady pen suggest signer surely feared gallows stephen hopkins ship builder merchant lawyer colonial governor rhode island bravest lived secretary writing afflicted disease known shaking palsy signed declaration held wrist left hand write plainly
silence endured moment mexicans rushed forward mighty mass low northern wall front lines firing flame burst wall ned heard deadly crackle texan rifles ground littered trail mexican fallen driven officers ned saw reach wall plant scaling ladders scores swarmed ladders wall heavy division forced redoubt sally port ned saw uttered deep gasp knew alamo doomed mexicans knew shrill screaming women began flat roofs houses shouts burst army cried santa anna exultant excited sheets flame burst alamo rifles poured bullets swarming mexican forces breach mexicans low wall unbroken stream crowded sally port hundreds inside rushing overwhelming weight twenty garrison seized texan guns cutting gunners lances sabers turned captured cannon defenders buildings inside walls adobe soon shattered cannon balls
times try souls summer soldier sunshine patriot crisis shrink service country stands deserves love thanks woman tyranny hell easily conquered consolation harder conflict glorious triumph obtain cheap esteem lightly tis dearness heaven knows put proper price goods strange celestial article freedom highly rated britain army enforce tyranny declared tax bind cases whatsoever bound manner slavery thing slavery earth expression impious unlimited power belong god superstition living secret opinion god almighty give military destruction leave unsupportedly perish earnestly repeatedly sought avoid calamities war decent method wisdom invent felt kind anger feel mean principles held tories noted tavern amboy standing door pretty child hand saw speaking mind freely thought prudent finished unfatherly expression give peace
franklin understood put price appreciate customer bookstore philadelphia satisfied price demanded clerk book wished purchase asked proprietor franklin busy pressroom replied clerk spent hour aimlessly turning books insisted seeing answer clerk summons franklin hurried printing office store wanted lowest price book sir asked leisurely customer holding volume chosen dollar quarter prompt reply dollar quarter clerk asked dollar true franklin afforded dollar leave dollar quarter doubt franklin earnest coaxingly franklin tell lowest price book dollar half grave reply dollar half offered dollar quarter yes price dollar half word crestfallen purchaser laid money counter left store book
nathan cathcart sat upright bed heart pounding ears rang pistol shot awakened frozen road base hill clatter hoof beats hurry window heavy object struck front door causing house tremble open king harsh voice added aye quick nathan felt throat tighten thought mother longed comforting presence farmhouse door british soldiers doubt teeth chattering boy hastily clothes steep narrow stairway reached door jarred powerful blows threatened splinter called shaking voice soon find waiting longer nathan drew heavy oak bar lifted latch rush cold air door swung front stood british soldiers scarlet uniforms glimpse hill leading horses house demanded doorway spoke strode inside live mother nathan replied tonight norfolk nurse aunt ill
lo ernest kind lips say waited longer weary fear hurried onward treading haste heels began bring white hairs scatter ernest head reverend wrinkles forehead furrows cheeks aged grown vain white hairs head wise thoughts mind wrinkles furrows inscriptions engraved written legends wisdom tested course ernest stopped unknown unsought undesired fame seek known limits valley dwelt quietly college professors active cities speak ernest report abroad simple farmer ideas unlike gained books higher tone quiet informal majesty talking angels daily freinds sage statesman philanthropist ernest received visitors gentle sincerity characterized boyhood spoke freely lay deepest heart
big curious choking noise wife breathed soft hush giant strangely affected president continued doubt disappointed remember grown poor ideal brought seek thing hope thing believe forgotten america believed rate imported hearts renewal belief sure brought dream glorious shining dream dream worth gold silver reason welcome big eyes fixed wife shook gently heed looking past speaker platform big buildings looking leagues space snow swept village island beresina swift flowing tributary mighty dnieper island looked bone stuck tight maw stream village beresina dream ivan berloff dream spring dreams spring spring maiden brought big ivan dream ordinarily beautiful swept beresina trailing wondrous draperies vivid green
ago tigers playing team cleveland moriarty base chalk lined arena eighteen thousand persons strained tense expectancy score tie fate game centered white figure shuttled tigers naps stood benches decisive moment moriarty ordinary events game bat hit ball ran player bunted sacrificed run moriarty fly advanced stood alert active fate game quick eye quicker brain running legs failed failed team failed won won gave chance home centered hopes fears thousands thousands spectators forgotten breathe park breeze forget blow moriarty meant advanced accomplished quarter runs marked score boards base runs raised pennant base destination station road home run run die
wolf repeated boy hear pointed homeward wolf stared boy called collie lifted head twilight sky wolf howl hideous grief howl wild savage ancestors stooping lick numb hand clung branch wolf turned fled cruelly sharp ice tore top speed head whirling deepening dusk flash tawny light wolf understood wanted wolf understood pain feet stiffness numbed body forgotten need speed boy looked vanishing figure dusk swallowing knew dog try bring help help arrive point boy let dwell benumbed brain crept memory norse proverb read school heroism consists hanging minute longer unconsciously tightened feeble hold tree branch braced marshes place full miles despite deep sticky snow wolf covered distance minutes paused front gate lodge entrance drive gardener wife paterson shopping afternoon drive house dashed
soup pancakes dinner today cutlets eggs interesting interesting lord steward wife yes secret emperor daughter mercy swineherd say prince knew ill favored swineherd let pass working constructed rattle swung round played waltzes jig tunes heard creation ah superb princess passed heard prettier compositions ask price instrument won kiss hundred kisses princess court lady ask think crazy princess walked stopped encourage art emperor daughter tell yesterday ten kisses rest ladies court court ladies muttering asked princess kiss surely remember give food wages court ladies obliged
splendid castle forest stone walls high gateway turrets rose tallest trees forest dark dangerous cruel giants lived castle company knights king country help travelers forest fight giants knights wore beautiful suit armor carried spear helmet floated red plume seen distress wonderful thing knights armor shields knights magician lived castle silver shone sunlight dazzling brightness times surface shields clouded mist face reflected shone brightly young knight received spurs armor shield magician shield surface cloudy dull knight began service giants expeditions help poor travelers forest shield grew brighter brighter face clearly reflected
inseparably connected stars stripes john paul jones untitled knight sea duchess de chartres mother louis philippe afterward king france granddaughter high admiral france fond calling john paul jones scottish peasant ancestry associates highest intellect rank appearance handsome manner prepossessing speech linguist easy command english french spanish languages surname paul jones inherited fine plantation america call sea strong lad dangers fear seaman watched handle fishing yawl heavy storm thought weather squall son john father calmly fetch squall complimented boy offered berth ship bound america dreaming carry father american navy studious ambitious boy devoted leisure moments acquiring intricate knowledge profession soon held positions command news battle lexington reached young paul jones offered services congress lieutenant alfred ship john paul jones hoisted emblem shown american naval vessel
winter wabash began rise flood banks regularly region called drowned lands flood course impossible hamilton march mississippi announced wait spring retaking forts indian allies ordered part troops winter quarters detroit young kentucky colonel heard saw chance spring surprise started hundred seventy travel hundred fifty miles trails impossible pass snow ice overflowing streams tramped icy streams snow covered trails clark wonder endurance cheerfulness tact started singing favorite songs frontier powder dry encouraged animated means power worst part journey vincennes country looked large lake clark led feeling path feet tall stalwart smaller weaker wade icy waters necks hardiest pioneers endure hours cold water numb unconscious robust companions carried arms held floating logs dry knoll oasis desert
strides carried outskirts city suddenly corner hedge young boy fifteen rushing tripped stumbled lincoln falling quick vigorous arm lad righted tossed thick light hair stared haughtily president regarding saw blue eyes blind tears want public highway gentleman south walk streets broken sentence ended sob anger insolence lad towered broad mind child trouble boy fellow interfering walking inside gently astonished youngster opened wet eyes wide laughed choking childish laugh pulled heartstrings sonny patted slim shoulder tell wrong maybe help straighten wrong wrong child raved wrong launched mad tirade government president lincoln listened patiently lad paused breath ahead helps youngster silent drew stiff dignity offended fascinated unable tear strange giant insultingly kind abuse inspired sense trust hope
remote field stood large tulip tree apparently century growth gigantic splendid species looked father surrounding forest single tree huge dimensions standing sublime object top tree eagle commonly called fishing eagle built nest unmolested raised young remarkable procured food ocean tree stood fully ten miles seashore known eagle tree warm sunny workmen hoeing corn adjoining field hour eagle known set seaside gather food young returned large fish claws workmen surrounded tree yelling hooting throwing stones frightened poor bird dropped fish carried triumph soon dispersed joseph sat bush watch bestow unavailing pity bird soon returned nest food eaglets set cry food shrill clear clamorous boy greatly moved parent bird try soothe appetites keen vain perched limb looked nest look say
intelligent suffrage fearful thing calls wisdom discretion intelligence ordinary standard takes exercise interests nation results reach forward eternity discharge accounted dread responsibilities judgment blindly passionately sycophant tool slave honest mean steal mean scorn cheat making change mean single tongue mean king earth buy market highest bidder politics trade look office living crawl climb brave mean walk open face unprotected breast mean talk mean dare stand mean stand storm mean afraid kill afraid die calls hard names threats stabs secret tongue pen moves mob deeds violence destruction freely offers drop blood sheds
number ago entered laboratory professor agassiz told enrolled scientific school student natural history asked questions object coming antecedents generally mode proposed knowledge acquire finally wished study special branch replied wished grounded departments zoology proposed devote specially insects wish begin asked replied energetic reached shelf huge jar specimens yellow alcohol fish look call haemulon ask seen left moment returned explicit instructions care object intrusted fit naturalist care specimens fish tin tray occasionally moisten surface alcohol jar taking care replace stopper tightly days ground glass stoppers elegantly shaped exhibition jars students recall huge neckless glass bottles leaky wax corks half eaten insects begrimed cellar dust
match hilton turned witness struggle cheer victory hockey season winter unusually busy club club teams picked players hilton welcome home sadder wiser hiltonites traveled north south east west losing leaves laurel wreath adorned manly brows successive successful winters early february star arisen east club challenged left stalwart representatives rival teams pins left arena hiltonite club newcomers called hamburg tigers conflict redoubtable rivals engaged evenly matched end game score stood encounter hand hamburg tigers town thirty express dined hilton club politeness choice menu brought large party friends allegiance ostentatiously displayed immense black yellow rosettes adorning breasts black yellow streamers waving canes surging crowd rink swayed tossed speculated waited seat gallery half past standing room
close traveler making numerous valleys westchester county york common ground british revolutionary forces traveler tired anxious obtain speedy shelter increasing violence storm knocked door house air altogether superior common farmhouses country aged black soon appeared think circumstances consult superiors taking prying look applicant light candle hand consented request accommodations stranger shown neat parlor politely repeating request gentleman ladies arose receive stranger appeared tall graceful apparently fifty age wharton owner retired estate resumed seat fire moment paused inquired honor addressing traveler seated sat unconsciously gazing fire wharton spoke turning eyes slowly host look close observation replied faint tinge gathered features harper harper resumed formal precision hope suffer injury rain exposed harper bowed silence compliment
short skirmish captain wharton escaped sentinels guarding leaping horse caesar saddled tore yard valley wayside known voice bravely captain don spare whip turn left cross brook wharton turned saw sitting point jutting rock commanded view entire valley peddler harvey birch english captain took advice mysterious finding road led highway turned soon opposite highway turned soon opposite friends minute crossed bridge stopped charger acquaintance colonel wellmere captain briefly explained group listeners manner capture reason personal fears method escape british officers soon outlined plan attack line advanced slowly direction americans troops opened galling fire left british line outflanked americans doubled rear disastrous defeat quarter complete henry wharton volunteered assist dispersing troops struck bridle arm bullet forced change hands horse ungovernable rider unable wounded arm manage impatient animal found minute unwillingly riding side captain lawton laughingly
half hour elapsed sentinel realized captain wharton escaped additional delay questioning caesar soon guards learned minister harvey birch captain wharton walked caesar twenty started hot pursuit meantime birch wharton riding speed hills reached desired summit threw horses henry plunging thick underwood covered side mountain distance harvey stopped give horses blows whip drove headlong path side hill peddler entered thicket caution avoided rustling breaking branches hide view american soldiers reaching top hill cried saw horses turning hill minute drive spur forward lads shouted american soldiers give englishman quarter cut peddler end fear captain wharton peddler softly lead dare follow ride burned home highlands frances seen tiny hut high hills evening sun slowly set felt flying friendly forces brother mysterious hut pass night
utah town knew countess carefully precise english native american size house staff knew wealthy entertained clear home completely inaccessible stepped outdoors public figure chiefly small fry town lived awe countess carried cane support means chastising youngster thought needed disciplining kids neighborhood display need running fast staying alert managed reach thirteen short cutting hedge close rap head stick ouch yelled jumping couple feet young want talk expecting lecture evils trespassing looked half smiling change mind don live green house willow trees block yes ma care lawn water clip mow yes ma lost gardener house thursday morning don tell
doc brackett didn black whiskers nonetheless fine doctored town doctored doctor town money doc brackett doctoring poor money pay middle coldest night ride twenty miles doctor sick woman child patch fellow hurt town knew doc brackett office rice clothing store narrow flight stairs office filled sign foot stairs dr brackett office upstairs doc brackett bachelor supposed marry miss elvira cromwell daughter junius cromwell banker wedding supposed place doc brackett call country doctor mexican child miss elvira sore called wedding think mexican child wedding women town agreed miss elvira cromwell parents mexican child grateful doc brackett child recovered forty lame halt blind town climbed stairs doc brackett office turned lived seventy keeled sofa office died
don mind staying school says professor herbert whip switch let home early pa whip anyway getting home hours late big whip says professor herbert punish climbing cherry tree boys knew boys paid dollar helped pay tree borrow dollar says punishment wish quicker punishment wouldn mind professor herbert stood looked big wore gray suit clothes suit matched gray hair don father says professor herbert called fashioned makes mind re twenty believes spare rod spoil child able understand cherry tree high school punishment says professor herbert stay hours school today hours school tomorrow allowing twenty cents hour money high school student sweep schoolhouse floor wash blackboards clean windows pay dollar couldn ask professor herbert loan dollar
watched grandpa path hog pen stopped examine thing path waved cane butterfly zigzagged head polka dot wings fanning blue april air grandpa stand puff wind hold face wind let wind play white whiskers thought maybe face hot beard letting wind cool face reached hog pen called hogs fence running grunting grandpa talking knew grandpa couldn hear trying talk mouths working knew trying say leaned cane hog pen reached fence patted hogs heads grandpa didn miss patting hogs toddled path alongside hog pen stopped blooming dogwood pulled white blossom bough swayed path head leaned big bundled body dogwood tore petal blossom examined carefully wasn dim blue eyes missed stopped redbud tree reached garden break tiny spray redbud blossoms examined carefully funny watch grandpa mom laughed
evening father log house northern edge dover township province hampshire alben hastings lit lantern opened worn copy pilgrim progress suddenly loud commotion sounded direction barn mad squeals frightened bellowings hollow thudding hoofs leaping erect seized musket lantern hand racing dozen yards barn wind singing ears moon rolled beneath formation ragged clouds checked abruptly shed lay recently born calf crouched big catlike creature solitary eye gleaming round tufted tail weaving fro panther dropping lantern alben raised musket fired creature leap sidewise apparently unhurt instant swept past vanished deep shadows house woods boy clenched teeth sly eye muttered angrily thoughts swiftly morning weeks earlier father set stephen wainright prolonged trapping expedition piscataqua yes lad john hastings tis duty stay look mother sister mind ye watch livestock
ichabod jogged slowly eye ranged delight treasures jolly autumn sides beheld vast stores apples hanging trees gathered baskets barrels market heaped rich piles cider press farther beheld fields indian corn golden ears peeping leafy coverts holding promise cakes hasty pudding yellow pumpkins lying beneath turning fair round bellies sun giving ample prospects luxurious pies passed fragrant buckwheat fields breathing odor beehive beheld soft anticipations stole mind dainty slapjacks buttered garnished honey delicate dimpled hands katrina van tassel evening ichabod arrived castle heer van tassel found thronged pride flower adjacent country farmers spare faced race homespun coats breeches blue stockings huge shoes magnificent pewter buckles brisk withered dames loose crimped caps gowns homespun petticoats scissors pincushions gay calico pockets hanging buxom lasses fashioned mothers straw hat fine ribbon white frock sons short square skirted coats rows stupendous brass buttons hair generally queued fashion times
easter sunday st anthony northern newfoundland winter covered snow ice walking morning service boy running hospital news large team dogs sixty miles southward doctor urgent case young operated fortnight acute bone disease thigh allowed wound close poisoned matter accumulated thought remove leg obviously lost packed instruments dressings drugs fitted dog sleigh dogs started messengers team team especially journey stood pulled difficulties sagacity endurance lover dogs precious child mother beautiful beasts cleverest leader coast doc large gentle beast backbone team power spy wiry powerful black white dog moody lop black tan season looked watch youngster team speedy liquid eyes gordon setter coat sue large dark eskimo image black wolf sharp pointed perpendicular ears wild ancestry jerry large colored quickest dogs feet affectionate overtures joy sprawling jack jet black gentle dog retriever ran sledge looked everlastingly pulled straight ahead running nose ground
cold hour dawn bull terrier woke staggered painfully feet trembling cold extremely hungry thirsty walked stiffly direction pool nearby passing cat crouched held paws terrier heard crunching sound cat jaws moved wagging tail interest moved investigate cat regarded distantly stalked leaving carcass terrier disappointing mess feathers drank deeply pool return tried feathers ravenous stuck gullet retched nibbled stalks grass delicately lips rolled teeth picked overripe raspberries low bush liked eat domestic raspberries taste reassuringly familiar satisfy hunger pleased young dog presently wagged tail licked face resignedly move direction road moments later cat licking lips feathery breakfast grey light dawn trio continued side road reached point took angled turn hesitated disused logging trail led westward side road entrance concealed overhanging branches
agreeable medea advice jason betimes morning palace king aeetes entering presence chamber stood foot throne low obeisance eyes look heavy prince jason observed king spent sleepless night hope considering matter wisely concluded scorched cinder attempting tame brazen lunged bulls accomplished majesty replied jason bulls tamed yoked field plowed dragon teeth sown broadcast harrowed soil crop armed warriors sprung slain solicit majesty permission encounter dragon golden fleece tree depart forty comrades king aeetes scowled looked angry excessively disturbed knew accordance kingly promise permit jason win fleece courage skill enable young met luck matter brazen bulls dragon teeth king feared equally successful slaying dragon gladly seen jason snapped mouthful resolved wrong thing wicked potentate run risk losing beloved fleece
jody allowed thoughts drift fawn mind stood close held dreaming arms slipped table father bedside penny lay rest eyes open clear pupils dark dilated jody comin pa jest fine son ol death thievin wa close squeak mean penny proud boy head needed pa yes son pa recollect doe fawn cain forget em pore doe saved pa fawn yit hit hongry likely mighty skeert reckon pa growed don need milk goin seein kin find fawn tote raise penny lay quiet staring ceiling boy hemmed hit won raise pa hit soon git kin leaves acorns dogged don figger farrest ary young un knowed takened mammy wa ways blame shore don grateful leave starve son heart say figgered daylight dawn today
honest bob sure born late twentieth century place born sixteenth broke laughing drake hawkins raleigh rest sea kings re paul affirmed rolled afterdeck sigh dissatisfaction past midnight wind nearly astern running lower san francisco bay bay farm island paul fairfax school lived door chummed saving money earning foregoing bicycle birthday collected purchase price mist twenty sloop rigged baby topsail centerboard paul father yachtsman conducted business poking overhauling sticking penknife timbers testing planks greatest care fact schooner whim paul picked knew boat sailing mist hard adding knowledge mist broad beam comfortable roomy stand upright cabin stove cooking utensils bunks trips week starting trips trip sailing night
oppressive heat afternoon araby lay anchor bolong bay sweating filipinos working lighter moored alongside loaded bales manila hemp forward hold sun sank rim sulu sea tropic night brought relief decks warm cabins stifling officers saloon captain jarvis pushed plate hot eat resigned shake head maybe planter didn aboard supper mate moran glanced listlessly electric fan unable stir heavy air shove loaded midnight move bay brent plantation puerto sogon ten tomorrow morning put sea jarvis feet stood looking table junior officer strike strange williamson didn accept invitation strange tod moran eyes suddenly alert mean stop minute think williamson americans shows slightest interest stop hemp usual thing tod admitted thought puzzled tramp steamer arriving philippines agreed round islands south luzon pick copra hemp export company manila
looked thing wait till tell south alabama bill driscoll kidnaping idea struck bill afterward expressed moment temporary mental apparition didn find till later town flat flannel cake called summit course contained inhabitants undeleterious satisfied class peasantry clustered maypole bill joint capital hundred dollars needed thousand dollars pull fradulent town lot scheme western illinois talked front steps hotel philoprogenitiveness says strong semirural communities reasons kidnaping project radius newspapers send reporters plain clothes stir talk things knew summit couldn stronger constables maybe lackadaisical bloodhounds diatribe weekly farmers budget looked selected victim child prominent citizen named ebenezer dorset father respectable tight mortgage fancier stern upright collection plate passer forecloser kid boy ten bas relief freckles hair color cover magazine buy newsstand want catch train
going point street subway station usual begin circling block street especially sleet darkness deadly cold pursue course moving unobtrusively opposite sides street nature things coincidence likely attract attention bright light entrance tube face face clergyman took look certainly decent looking body woman white haired wrinkled spectacled stooped poor respectable domestic servant class looked black hat neat veil gray shawl glance reverend gentleman precisely open deference going slowly drafty steps continued study singular intentness express thundering clergyman handicapped clubfoot stout cane barely catch entered car woman chanced seat directly twelve clock wildness weather discouraging travel car deserted underground retreat bitter breath night blew bit woman shivered shawl
aunt presently nuttel possessed young lady fifteen meantime try put framton nuttel endeavored say correct duly flatter niece moment unduly discounting aunt privately doubted formal visits succession total strangers helping nerve cure supposed undergoing sister preparing migrate rural retreat bury speak living soul nerves worse moping give letters introduction remember nice framton wondered mrs sappleton lady presenting letters introduction nice division round asked niece judged sufficient silent communion soul framton sister staying rectory ago gave letters introduction statement tone distinct regret practically aunt pursued possessed young lady address admitted caller
gotham getting ready market wife husband need iron kettle fireplace don fail buy bought kettle nottingham evening took arm started home kettle heavy soon arm grew tired carrying set resting noticed kettle legs pity legs cried legs carrying fairer carried rest seated kettle ready kettle stood legs move ah stubborn want carrying suppose tell stay ready follow told kettle lived reached home wife asked kettle replied mean kettle bought legs able walk nottingham market legs
petey puppy mother boy christmas mother dog guessed boy puppy christmas petey mother asked puppy yes petey didn frighten cat didn asked petey mother frightened petey didn chew shoes mother chew petey mother guess anyway re boy christmas petey mother looked worried soft white rabbit pink ears christmas thanks petey fish re nice petey mother don fish petey petey mother boys re terribly short boys petey felt couldn stand boy finally mother boy find dog give boy petey started wasn saw collie racing boy bicycle petey trembled joy boy bicycle petey run ask collie politely give boy petey leaped bicycle
horse dalyrimple dalyrimple trot dalyrimple canter dalyrimple gallop dalyrimple plow straight arrow morning farmer owned dalyrimple bed shaved whiskers ate cereal barn harnessed dalyrimple dalyrimple farmer dalyrimple worked fine job morning farmer bed shaved whiskers ate cereal barn harnessed dalyrimple dalyrimple farmer dalyrimple thunder roars lightning flames skies open thunder roared lightning flamed skies split open noise dalyrimple farmer fields looked poor morning farmer bed shaved whiskers ate cereal barn harnessed dalyrimple dalyrimple farmer dalyrimple hail falls fog swallows earth sun hides noon hail fell fog swallowed earth sun hid noon dalyrimple farmer fields looked poor morning farmer bed shaved whiskers ate cereal barn harnessed dalyrimple
horse named joey joey discontented discontented didn live red barn weathervane top didn live green meadow run kick heels lived upstairs big brick building york joey worked polaski sold fruits vegetables city joey pulled vegetable wagon city streets york room barns meadows night joey stepped shafts wagon elevator stall fourth floor big brick building fine stall joey comfortable plenty oats eat plenty fresh straw lie window look joey discontented sip fresh water babbling brook sighed snuff discontentedly bathtub served drinking fountain wasn hard polaski kind brought home clock winter joey blanket wear warm summer polaski hat wear head cool interesting adventures policeman gave sugar ladies patted nose fed carrots
village lived shoemaker worked hard honest sell living grew poorer poorer leather pair shoes cut shoes evening sew tomorrow prayers bed morning surprise find shoes finished stood table puzzled shoemaker took turned hands shoes perfectly sewed stitch place buy pair shoes strangely pair shoes fitted happy pay high price fine shoes money shoemaker able buy leather pairs shoes cut shoes evening intending morning pairs shoes standing finished table customers shoes shoes fitted money shoemaker bought leather pairs shoes things evening shoemaker cut shoes morning customers buy shoemaker poor wife buy coal needed
donkey started limped dog lying side road dog howling sadly matter friend dog asked donkey ah dog fine hunter hunt master talks killing don downhearted donkey kindly going bremen musician lovely howl musician dog thought fine idea set soon met black cat looking mournful wet days matter mistress cat asked donkey age cat sighing fine mouser mouse rat sharp claws teeth claws teeth dull master talks drowning bremen donkey going town musicians fine voice gladly cat rooster sitting gate crowing steam whistle friend powerful crow donkey crow rooster wakened sun morning morning heard master tell cook put soup kettle
early morning put big round straw hat sun eyes picked fine high pile hats set fair bundle heavy awkward carry hot half sat shade pine tree rest set fine high pile big round straw hats carefully ground settled trunk tree gave pleasant thoughts thought money fair thought things buy thought coppers jingle home soon fell asleep awakened fine high pile hats ai ai cried robbed scrambled feet looked wildly sight heard sound head looked pine tree branches sat twenty monkeys wearing fine straw hat thieves robbers cried alas climb trees monkeys looked monkeys groaned beat breast twenty monkeys tree looked groaned beat breasts
hot small green grass snake meal looked comfortable place rest found soft grass underneath tree curling fast asleep squirrel tree presently noticed sun shining snake glittering skin making flashes sparkles light filtered leaves squirrel began chattering muttering squirrels bright unusual attracted attention hunter walking bush path nearby hello hunter wonder squirrel making noise carefully hunter walked foot tree saw snake curled sunlight shining skin exclaimed disappointed tones grass snake harmful eat leaving short path heard squirrel chattering look squirrel talking holding spear softly approached foot tree soon saw grass snake disgust wife wouldn thank brought home supper waste energy harmless
pull called captain joe captain joe getting cross let barrel called eskimo find wood called eskimo climb barrel pull called captain joe ready busy called eskimo called captain joe making paddle boat wood gave captain joe looked eskimo sitting ice preserver making paddle wood sharp bone knife captain joe angry think want ship ship called eskimo hard ship try called captain joe ship kitchen big bucket climb bucket called captain joe eskimo pull bucket called eskimo called captain joe lard captain joe waited waited called ready called eskimo eating eating called captain joe yes called eskimo eating lard sides bucket lard
loud roar mrs welladay sounded gentle tabby cat meow put thick glasses sure looked large yellow cat licking hand lady happy jumped rocking chair hugged cat brought big bowl milk big cat thirsty sausages lapped milk wink begged gracious mrs welladay store milk brushed combed beautiful cat tied pink ribbon cat neck cat liked purred loudest kind purr smiled large smile mrs welladay big tabby cat walked street saw mrs welladay lioness heels frightened worried waved handkerchiefs lady rapped window panes mrs welladay called lion run mrs welladay say mrs welladay put ear trumpet left ear shouted lion mrs welladay mrs welladay couldn hear smiled sweetly yes cat agreed street poured houses mrs welladay store
lioness shouted lion tamer annoyed instant zamba sprang terrific roar circus owner lion tamer leap cage door tripped landed flat sawdust stood mrs welladay zamba seen coming big pail milk basket goodies lady opened basket popped round fat sausage zamba big mouth unwrapping chicken sandwich held zamba zamba sat hind legs begged circus owner walked mrs welladay tapped shoulder circus hissed ruined lion asked mrs welladay patting zamba zamba won act shouted lion tamer mrs welladay nodded brightly late took big piece chocolate cake basket zamba lion act zamba licked chops nice zamba mrs welladay zamba nodded big head walked cage door zamba splendid lion act today leaped burning hoops chased clowns ring opened big mouth let lion tamer put head crowd stamped shouted whistled cheered zamba marched ring
ago giants walked earth strange traveler flew high land sea night began fall landed wonderful garden filled golden trees bearing golden fruit garden belonged giant named atlas giant watched garden care allowed asking person business atlas told son enemy zeus rob garden golden fruit atlas caught sight traveler stop shouted giant want food rest answered stranger perseus son zeus giant shook fear anger roared enter need rest perseus returned killing medusa lie shouted giant kill medusa surprising atlas believe perseus medusa terrible monster hair living snakes dared look medusa face turned stone killing medusa easy task perseus perseus asked food place sleep morning promised allow night rest bit fruit garden atlas rose terrible anger shouted moved forward throw perseus perseus strong fight giant clever perseus carried head terrible medusa perseus faced giant sly smile allow rest food
cobb ducked animals beastmarket hill goats geese horses mules crowded noisily farmers townspeople bidding animals shouted head notice slipped grabbed hold tired goat planning buy goat steal barked voice cobb let goat fell mud stammered woman looking slipped woman mine sale steal boy goat kicks head cobb woman looked tell poor clothes village boy guessed runaway hands empty village boys market bringing sell running looking woman asked finally answered cobb looking jerked head cart nearby jump think re cobb glanced crowd climbed slowly cart trust woman wondered trap heard runaways getting caught pretended help later turned runaways reward cobb saw face crowd miller hawks heading straight cobb boy dived straw filled cart sharp jerk cart started hill
tonight eating chinese food evelyn mother father love chinese food don evelyn trying things going terrible tell looking evelyn orders won ton soup father mother order won ton soup caught dead eating won ton soup look walls paintings bamboo forests wonder bamboo borneo father think ask thinking going tell says thinking sooner says evelyn nice thing say mother asks evelyn guesses hope re planning eat father tells trip week henrietta week cackling bothers evelyn mother yells trying stand head walk hands house thinking cutting hair father says willpower poorly school teachers say settle don settle won grow worrying decide borneo borneo course yell mean evelyn wouldn evelyn side borneo soon says remembers place
cat sitting dreaming quiet cat dreams wonder thinking uncle kanda wasn uncle friend mama papa talked uncle kanda kids sort scared tall bony looked face full wrinkles crumpled paper hair shaggy eyebrows white milky rims pupils eyes remember clothes worn wrinkled wearing kids neighborhood magic powers cast evil spell didn lizards snakes toads room dried ground medicine wished lizards toads maybe give pet hand didn want risk cast evil spell reason finally uncle kanda mama felt sorry big bowl vegetables vinegared rice loved fixed plate uncle kanda small mountain rice paper plate decorated strips egg dried seaweed red ginger wrapped wax paper osushi uncle kanda rinko asked tried saying ko
annie cannon loved stars partly mother loved annie young mother climb roof home sitting peek trees watch heavens annie grew older took family attic study light candles read mother astronomy book learned stars young women expected interest science annie chose learn school teachers excited annie keen mind felt terrible waste annie allowed give studies annie parents thought agreed wellesley college decided massachusetts science department annie sixteen annie young women delaware college annie parents loved annie study astronomy wellesley college observatory study science professor sarah whiting annie sarah whiting deep interest astronomy annie found sitting roof watching heavens roof college annie classmates sat dr whiting watching comet sweep skies passed quickly annie graduated returned home family education annie took turn trip spain interested photography field excited
thousands eyes study night sky thousand stars stretch light call milky horse head italian named galileo pointed kind eye sky small telescope galileo stars mountains moon spots sun milky stars count horse head hundred telescope bigger powerful stronger telescopes astronomers millions millions stars heavens light dark patches sky patches appeared clouds named nebulae latin word means clouds astronomers soon learned nebulae groups millions stars nebulae clouds gases dust clouds light bright stars clouds dark bright stars nearby learned seen horse head sky keeping secret camera soon changed astronomers studied stars found pictures powerful telescopes film caught pictures things eyes saw stars known sky saw clouds seen night picture strangely shaped dark cloud milky
thousand ago country called china land divided small kingdoms head kingdom shih huang ti king began conquer kingdom kingdom brought rule land longer defend protect kingdom shih huang ti ordered hundreds thousands build longest strongest wall task huge army workers began connecting small walls built earlier times earth pounded stones set place top pounded earth finally bricks laid wall broad top hundreds ruler ruler wall finished wonder wall snaked mountains china twenty hundred kilometers stretch halfway united states stood high story building wide hold horses standing side side towers rose wall towers close guards hear shouted tower messages speed length wall telegraph thousands guards spent lives defending string towers sons wall china stands known wonders guards towers arrows fly square holes cut stone
welcome mare boreum space station girl voice pleasant bored speech hundreds times visitors traveled mars stella happy tour space station mars act stella thought sick leading sick giving speech mars seasons earth stella mars kind air kind unlike earth sky sky mars pink main job gather metals rocket alarm sounded stella looked large screen wall bright letters flashed voice spoke told stella hurried living quarters wondered trouble entering study sat chair faced screen wall alarm stopped father face appeared screen captain landy interstellar alert exists station stella listened carefully malfunction robotorium service robot failed return noon break report sighting robot thank re welcome stella screen blank start looking thought soon lunch stella ran finger buttons arm chair pushed marked nutrition spoke clear voice stella captain quarters soup sandwich
york harbor place set dreaming middle harbor especially exciting age clipper ships clippers fastest beautiful sailing ships built huge sails billowing tall masts ships swept harbor giant clouds sailed china bringing tea sailed cargo eager passengers headed california gold fields ships names sea witch storm king lightning flying cloud comet caught eye heart saw beauty admired knew clippers strong ships hard built finest wood sharp hulls cut smoothly roughest seas cape horn tip south america clippers push terrible storms turn ships child dreamed captain ship clipper captains rich proud shore drew admiring glances ships looks captains fine appearances captains brave strong hired shipping companies skills daring trusted ships goods aboard companies wanted captains drive ships hard wanted speed speed captains daredevils speed trip race set record let wind escape sails ship word law captains drove crews hard sooner brought cargo port money bring
million stamps paste big book call largest stamp collection dothat surprise family papering walls house stamps inside haul stamps class give longest show tell history school sit stack stamps neat piles hundred mind course sneeze ideas appeals read discover person nearly million stamps hsueh tang young working family silk business peking china dreamed artist create garden living garden imagination hsueh saw beautiful perfect garden filled wonderful plants beasts dream mosaic pictures perfect garden hsueh dream true mosaic art fitting small pieces colored glass stone bits material form picture hsueh makes pictures fitting small pieces postage stamps works stamps easy printed beautiful lasting colors background hsueh silk finest cloth hsueh works carefully patiently shapes colors needed form pictures hsueh cuts tiny stamps tinier pieces tiny piece glued silk background
summer paul camp tadpole creek cooks complained shortage fresh eggs paul built largest chicken coop stocked thousand chickens chickens worked shifts shift find nests aid kerosene lamps idea size chicken coop gathered painted roof paul told paint roof white job matter took ladders heard johnny inkslinger counted chickens morning found missing talked paul bunyan decided place guard chicken coop night midnight guard heard noise rushed inside expected catch thief red handed caught glimpse small red fox chicken mouth leaping window camp plans capture fox night spread path flour camp fox returned leave footprints flour track den night chickens missing footprints flour fox woods camp wild scramble look flour bins wood piles bunkhouses trace phantom fox found
maggie mitchell walked hurriedly downtown richmond thinking hard father died ma earned living taking washing maggie helped ma wanted education odd jobs extra cents finally fifteen maggie thought walked graduated school need plan maggie thought possibilities jobs open women laundry housework leave city farm help teach children thought maggie knack numbers teachers find aim busy thoughts maggie nearly bumped walking street trying knock maggie mitchell joked maggie looked surprise tall neatly dressed collector st luke bank coming house week collect ten cents mrs mitchell able save suddenly maggie plan wait minute maggie want ask jobs bank frowned shook head women answered hires women bank numbers maggie school st luke bank bookkeepers laughed course women working
ask blind senses learn sight hearing touch taste smell discover senses touch sound taste smell remember learning play basketball yard west roxbury massachusetts dad put buzzer basket able aim shoot listening sound sighted boys won challenged play sun dark able net ball kids later perkins school blind waltham friends blind perkins ernie jerry getting trouble recess meet decide adventure trouble picked jimmy jimmy told talked putting small suit armor school museum jimmy hear bell walk assembly hall armor ok jimmy cheerfully visor ernie jerry hurried ahead took seats hall bell rang school principal began talking jimmy arrived sounded dozen garbage cans clanged noise grew louder louder jimmy full armor started walk aisle stuffed handkerchiefs mouths laughing jimmy reached center hall tripped fell
stranger stopping crossroad texas want spend moment deciding choices pretty exciting north lies city athens east carthage south lies palestine west dublin stranger note find greek temples athens texas find irish leprechaun nearby dublin fact texas towns common cities named small places grand names answer lies strange funny history american place names course place interesting story names forts families heroes found place american maps strange names foreign cities puzzle early settlers named communities honor homes countries wanted add importance small towns giving famous names place names fanciful histories hungry horse montana guessed hungry horse hungry horses named tex jerry story goes tex jerry wandered terrible winter lost snowstorm owners searched unsuccessfully decided horses goners month later beasts found breathing nearly dead hunger oats hay rushed tex jerry recovery delighted folks neighborhood town called hungry horse
vinovia ellie coming london marry father live house cooed ghost vinovia ellie repeated met lady friend father think special ghost ellie cried suddenly re going minute behave things vinovia birds white owl gave ellie wide stare bored indifference ellie sighed jumpy cat scolding poor ghost wasn going things restlessly began pace room ellie wondered maybe decided maybe father return london announce wedding shame ellie thought smiling friends disappointed wouldn nice live house father ghost spirits began lift sound wagon rolling stop door brought ellie quickly earth listened footsteps waited nervously door opened ellie relaxed hannah scarp noddy redcap coming meet bride father vinovia ellie complained waiting noon relax bones hannah queen causing delay sort trouble guards stopping road queen guards didn noddy bow twirl wrist majesty town luck ellie crossly
rip sal felt pants gosh pants split patch pants fast cass ran steps bus quick wink sal sat bench sal help cass catch cat stuck branch jump sal help catch cat sal sat bench cass upset put hands hips hot rod help help left bus huff cass ran hot rod sal help help catch cat bus sal patch pants fast fix pants hot rod ran steps bus quick wink sal sat bench began hum tap hands legs help hot rod help golly ran cat stuck branch golly lost help sal help stand hot rod mad cass upset help sit left huff sal sat bus cass mad hot rod mad fix pants fast sal patch pants alf ran steps bus
frits sat steps ben shop rested chin hands ben sat shop felt sad frits think frits upset ben parrot parrot ben frits problem help help help parrot shush ben frits thank ben help doc sick bed parrot doc frits wish gift frits held nickel hand nickel parrot nickel frits ben nickel parrot ben frits sat sat ben think gift think think parrot think frits nickel ben let check shop parrot shop ben frits ben shop mess belts straps fell rack ben bunch stuff big bag lot boxes top shelf ben shop bench cut stitch fix belts mess ben began pick scraps mess mess parrot frits spotted bag ben bag bag ben bag top shelf frits
let tell fiddlestick story oswald frits fiddlestick story oswald tell fiddlestick story cass simple oswald show begin story tell bit story stop stop pass fiddlestick kid kid adds bit story left kid passes fiddlestick kid fiddlestick end story cass oswald fiddlestick begin story bubble gum story jessica twinkle visit bill bill pack bubble gum stick gum jessica bill kids bubble gum jessica blow bubbles bill yes jessica show bill jessica let contest show blow bubbles bet blow biggest bubble bet bill stop pass fiddlestick cass bill handed stick bubble gum jessica twinkle bill set blow puff puff puff bang bill bubble pop jessica bubble pop big stop pass fiddlestick tic wind began blow lifted jessica bubble jessica held jessica twinkle stop bubble bill stuck jessica stop pass fiddlestick frits
frits sitting oswald grass doc ran doc dominic shopping big sister lost run past yes frits dominic sitting bus doc ran bus frits oswald ran dominic bus doc understand frits bet looking oswald spotted dominic sandals socks left socks sandals bus oswald frits bet golly show dominic golly likes smell things golly track dominic smells socks frits grabbed sock jumped bus golly golly frits smell sock look dominic show dominic golly sniffed sniffed sock began running block golly running fast doc let catch dog block sniffed golly stopped yapped yapped dominic sitting mud puddle digging mud dipping hands puddle dripping mud legs dominic covered mud top bottom golly yapped licked dominic chin dog dominic hugged golly neck yuk frits dominic mess let big sister oswald pick doc yuk oswald yuk frits pick doc mess problem
superkids shopping mall basketball left shop lily saw basketball fans super hawks coming play basketball mall look lily super hawks coming basketball players let miss super hawks let sit bench alf spot players super hawks sal superkids sat bench super hawks began play number passed ball number shot basket swish superkids clapped yelled number basketball shot legs number superkids grinned number ball spun finger superkids clapped trick number ran ball tripped fell basketball popped hands stuck top mall lily jumped ran number help asked thanks number lost basketball ball stuck lily basketball play ball superkids mall superkid asked number superkids yelled superkids superkids play basketball asked number yes bet lily play basketball asked number basketball players tall small lily
look hot rod rex king coming visit pick winner grand land contest rex king show tv tic miss rex king show cass rex king comes past bus asked hot rod lot litter looks awful think think litter critters oswald let fix things lot yes tic let fix things winners grand land contest tic tac toc helped oswald put trash big cans frits cut grass alf doc scrubbed bus ettabetta hung planter bus icky put plants sal put awning lily cass dragged bench bus put awning bus looks oswald win contest asked lily winners tv rex king hot rod lily saw big van coming block look yelled tv van rex king coming van stopped front bus stepped glitter rex king asked oswald freckles cass looks tv whispered tic rex king kids fix spot asked alf hitched belt yup golly looks grand rex golly jumped kiss rex cass held
early bright spring morning jessica set search adventure person met walter swap yo yo baseball cards jessica flipped yo yo boy nose yo yo real boxwood leave walter quick flash cards yo yo changed hands jessica starting street search adventure met pendleton skate scooter jessica asked eagerly yup pendleton want swap set baseball cards asked jessica don think pendleton slowly set jessica missing leave pendleton knew holding cards jessica speeding scooter search adventure jessica covered blocks city scooter reached park jessica saw truly amazing sight girl bouncing huge rubber ball ball kind handle top girl wouldn fall jessica raced jessica asked kangaroo bucking ball girl want swap asked jessica wheeling skate scooter girl scooter move jessica tell girl wanted swap girl leap jessica ball bouncing adventure swapping jessica decided swap ball saw boy small puppy
friday moved house wasn needed paint basement steps needed fixing house tired moving slept late saturday momma wanted rest boxes apartment daddy wanted fix basement steps asked stay help daddy momma boxes momma eat sounds honey daddy broke momma door money supper known going happen let momma basement steps didn look bad daddy wanted sure safe watched street quiet tried find play happened huge crash shout scared couldn move sadie heard daddy call ran fast daddy lying basement floor leg bent funny didn sadie move think broke leg help looked didn street easy knew building ran door home tried house remembered fire station street
enter hall shiny floor mirror winding golden staircase leads upstairs looks waiting prince princess dining hall ready feast table set golden goblets plates twinkling candles light splendid room room upstairs handsome prince put sword ready royal dance golden shoes lie bed side castle young princess dresses dance sits edge golden bed looks fairy boat covered golden cobweb princess puts tiny glass slippers ready join prince magical yes believe castle visited real beautiful believe castle miniature castle small woman named colleen moore spent collecting small furniture books dishes flowers magical castle finished gave city museum look enjoy colleen moore granddaughter twelve shows true size castle piano small easily sit sheet music ordinary books show small bookcase castle prince bedroom bear rug teeth mouse kitchen pans kettles hang wall oven looks ready dishes set filled real onion room high table
keevan lengthened stride legs stretch couldn knew teased smallest dragonboy arrive maybe frown dragonrider charge boys record important nearly hatching baby dragons crack shells choose companions chosen dragonrider friend winged beast jewel eyes hear thoughts fly dragon lands pern keevan wondered wrong small calling baby saying small young worked hard boy age prove couldn beat wrestling match outrun race maybe run fast beterli jeered catch dragon dragonrider beterli oldest biggest boys fun keevan wait beterli keevan knows wins dragon mende keevan foster mother told believe dragons person heart find goodness honesty patience courage dragons look keevan hatching grounds speaking face forty dragon eggs seventy candidates disappointed hatching mean dragonrider means dragon born
cold february cubbins macnabb signed aboard ship whaling ship named trumpet leave trip cubbins ship boy captain cook ship officers money learn sea ships sailors learn whaling cubbins smiled captain welcomed aboard felt grown job whaling important whale fat called blubber whale oil whale oil burned light lamps days oil lamps electric lights cubbins ready cubbins cleaned cabins deck sailors slept cleaned galley ate ship killed whale throw mop help rest crew nearly ship whale whale caught whale killed trumpet turned factory sea dead whale tied side ship cut strips blubber whale body blubber sliced smaller pieces tossed big cooking pots boil boiled blubber precious oil oil cooled poured wooden barrels stored belly ship worked night job fires cooking pots rotten stink greasy smoke
creatures learn observation senses touch taste sight hearing smell pay careful attention going animals observation matter death woods comes woodchuck babies size kittens sunlight meadow youngsters roll play nipping nuzzling suddenly silent signal rush mother sitting head high sniffing danger short comes fours takes mouthful grass reach grass mouth seconds mother raises head listen look danger young woodchucks copy mother begins lesson den live edge meadow suddenly mother woodchuck darts den youngsters run seconds disappear underground home soon top mother head appears creeps slowly den eyes ears nose seen woodchuck main ways spotting danger top woodchuck head woodchuck poke small part head den check danger wrong duck quickly inside minutes mother woodchuck goes meadow youngsters spend rest eating running den danger mother frightened strange sight sound
curator asked janet curator person charge museum grandmother answered word put vase unpacking walked janet newspaper janet statue missing museum curator says valuable janet grandmother looked newspaper article quiet moments ahhh grandmother sighed janet knew interested yes janet statue rare valuable famous onyx cat statue thousands precious legend woman continued onyx cat thought strange powers say cat cries warning danger janet asked excitedly love mysteries tell legend emperor statue bed grandmother harm night onyx cat cried warning statue prized mystery today janet lung store need spice powder dinner tonight need grandmother reached brush wrote characters piece paper janet give shopping list lung janet left grandmother locked door afternoon locked art gallery doors pulled window shades worked books office left door unlatched janet homework lung store janet favorite places
throw eggshells corn chickens lay eggs jose handing pan full eggshells rosa thanks grandpa dumping shells pail corn jose opened gate chicken coop watched rosa scatter feed chickens rooster strutted hens squawked pecked rosa feet jane austen barn cat stretched lazily spring sunlight rosa grown jose thought watched granddaughter remember buying pair patent leather shoes fifteen ago yes fifteen bought farm jose remembered began train took broken blizzard stay home today wife juanita course jose stubborn home snow snow juanita argued jose feet snow jose mind set bundled began walk miles hard trudge snow jose didn feel tired felt wonderful cold fresh air sparkling sun filled energy knew laughing walked past snowdrifts cars underneath blizzard brought city standstill highways bridges machines wrapped stillness city mighty thought tiny snowflakes mightier city poor children feed today barbershop cozy apartment grandchildren
jack didn think needed babysitter parents disagreed careful say babysitter anymore sitter jack enjoyed brave susie cat finally parents decided susie imaginative sitter care jack scared miss carswell susie place miss carswell young needed glasses read wore clunky shoes carried large ugly purse jack parents thought excellent sitter especially susie finch miss carswell took sitting seriously nonsense miss carswell sitter jack young jack wondered want sitter curious asked smoothed plain brown skirt answered question spend evenings pleasantly home reading books listening music welcome chance pin money need pins asked jack expression miss carswell jack liked thought funny bed thinking things laugh loud matter call hallway jack answer sleep say miss carswell certainly susie finch things scared susie didn bother miss carswell
hey ralph mine yelled orlando racing school steps ralph clutched orlando baseball tough break found bushes finders keepers guys let play ball left noon wasn look objected orlando bell rang ms jackson says re late finders keepers ralph turned orlando kicked clump dirt finders keepers thought trudged home slapped mitt remembered sting ball caught home run major league game straight raised mitt plunk hand stung ball ralph wrong asked mother orlando entered house moment orlando considered telling change orlando thought hurried past morning stopped watch ralph playing ball baseball muttered orlando ralph stepped bat pitch crack ralph hard line drive shot field ralph rounded base heading bell rang spite mood orlando grinned coming ms jackson lecture worked turned inside looking ralph moments later homeroom orlando heard ralph hushed angry voice hey barb thought mitt ralph hissed dad paid fifteen dollars mitt lost trouble
grand rover center school school eighty ago painted wooden building inside big potbellied stove wet days sat stove dry feet school room grades teacher teach kerosene lamps hung wall didn give light smoked corner door bucket tin dipper wash pan cake soap tin towel week washday monday carried water farmhouse half mile treat teacher friend water petted neighbors cats took turns pump pail carried spilled half water children started school parents thought big quit needed home big boys winter fall crops harvested spring ground plowed planted teacher rang hand bell school began slid seats smoothed hair nose wipers pieces red dishtowels pinned dresses emergency ruffles petticoats boy sleeve order teacher called roll stood morning teacher called teachers teacher roll teacher read
bank fence gate area phillip staked sticks string stepping bank kelly sank halfway knees mud laughed didn mind feel phillip mud caked knees kelly saw sketches phillip records notebook kelly admired draw couldn draw circle square letters alphabet fiddler crab told mixed signals brain eyes hands feet kind crab phillip asked picking fiddler crab blue mud fiddler uca pugnax kelly answered boy kelly phillip wish known creek kelly grinned pleasure marsh kelly thought think dumb smart kelly kelly shannon voice calling coming hollered sister phillip kelly ran house dad called hi sport playing tough game ball kelly looked muddy playing rough grinned thinking pleased father thought kelly liked play football uh kelly mumbled glad re learning play ball dad kelly shrugged clean dinner table kelly mother sister saw marsh kelly shannon barefooted shirt bushiest hair seen marsh dad asked
wasn billy hated arithmetic hard concentrate hot spring windows open weather coming itch dowd didn understand collected arithmetic tests nearly fit practically answers wrong gave class lecture needed arithmetic drill filled blackboard numbers copy add turn answers tomorrow morning clock billy door neighbor chris left school gloomily sun hot warm breeze smelled wet dirt leaves ruined hours homework chris umpteen problems groaned billy folded homework paper small stuck pocket fingers found dime forgotten billy showed dime chris cheered say let menton dime worth jellybeans chris suggested dill pickles eat umpteen pickles billy jellybeans chris real sweet tooth menton store cool dark smelled salami cinnamon magazines asked menton billy chris arguing dill pickles jellybeans phone rang minute billy chris quit arguing began listen
summer afternoons orchard trees maine grandmother told stories true stories favorite grandmother took walk iceberg heard story shivers ran spines grandmother tell story thought going leave interrupt remind began grandmother married young sea captain wives waited home husbands return sea occurred grandmother stay home grandfather sea spring morning grandmother begin grandfather spotted iceberg big island iceberg walk grandmother told grandfather big sunny sure safe side slopes gently water looks landing iceberg safe walk grandfather put idea straight head thing grandmother stick thick thin mean say idea grandfather fretting frowning worrying grandmother sailors young scientist named kemper swift explore iceberg soon clambering side word kemper swift looked iceberg enormous flocks seagulls herds seals poor beasts kemper swift
morning summer dawn surprised young jim gray expected reds yellows sky festival surprised chill air gave grandfather extra blanket wheelchair planned breakfast jim saw need eat later dared boil water thermos tea put handful cookies paper bag jim lowest voice mother tape measure say jim wheelchair thermos cookies tape measure knees left house houses passed curtains drawn neighbors young jim pushed chair heart mouth squeak wheels sounded loud morning silence left street main road traffic night truck rumbled crossed main road slowly turned road town country road going deeper country wide fields grass grew tall yellowing drying heat august hour reached edge village small cottages farmhouse graveyard awake heard sound town lived moved
officer persuaded turned carried tow rope car fastened front wheelchair jim police car young jim seat car officer sat drove slowly car quickly wheelchair pushed beginning end journey young jim officer watch rear window young jim pressed nose glass worried jim looked worried faster happier white hair streamed wind began signal seat car faster pass message driver wheelchair traveling speed dreamed jim began sing car couldn hear lips moving sang home turned street family waiting young jim car quickly mom town police car breakfast jim tired sit shade usual chair front house young jim comfortable yes days laughed grandfather rolling morning
collecting observing animals thousands million kinds animals found kinds animals discovered explored order track kinds animals scientists found needed system naming animals discovered kind animal named language happened speak spoke languages naturally gave names kind animal spoke spanish call animal puma spoke portuguese called animal cuguardo spoke english called mountain lion catamount panther confusing important find names zoologists agree hundred ago scientists decided language naming animals chose latin language scientists read write actually spoke latin anymore kind animal latin names general specific general person tells family animal belongs specific person tells specific member family general comes begins capital letter specific comes begins lower case letter latin lion panthera leo tiger panthera tigris leopard panthera pardus shows lions tigers leopards belong general family large cats called panthera
oswald loaded beach blankets tubes tried run hot sand feet sank deep sand filled sneakers look lake stay kid lake rotten fish yelled ettabetta kids dived lake splash kicked screamed rode waves played swimming games gus called lunch let sal hungry hungriest think eat whale kids sat eat lunches lily reached beach bag box cookies passed cookie kid asked doc fortune cookies lily fortune crack doc broke cookie white paper fell fortune person freckles brings luck cass grin fun doc hot rod read fortune hot rod broke cookie fortune fell run wind sing sun glad doc oswald fortune cookie asked hot rod oswald looked fortune lucky wish true luckiest oswald wish ettabetta oswald tried think wish think think save ettabetta oswald saved wish kids finished reading fortunes
water saw kids waving sleeping drifted fortune lucky look mess began feel afraid help yelled help gert hear oswald yelling safe tube floating boat pick wait ettabetta boat sailing oswald think pick windy lily windier today hope boat oswald boat sailed tube tall girl reached grabbed oswald boat yelled oswald grabbed rope struggled boat safe thanks lot girl glad help need hand help sails windiest easier sail boat help girl handed oswald rope attached sails oswald leaned held rope felt wind fill sails felt waves swish swish boat happier terrific sailing oswald want trip end boat landed beach oswald hopped thanked girl ettabetta ran golly wish true luckiest
gus gert drove land gert snapshot couldn wait rides kids land kids free didn need tickets rides stamped kid hand icky hand frits doc ride called falls boat tunnel reached top steep hill zip splash falls wet sit sunny spot dry upset sal pitched balls empty bottles hit bottle fell gave prize fluffy shocking pink monster doll sal neatest thing gotten lily icky toc tried tip bottles couldn hit didn fluffy shocking pink monster dolls junky hats monster tunnel couldn dark afraid kids liked animal shed land look lots animals baby goats sheep rabbits ducks mule pony animal liked itty bitty tiny piggy named taffy sweetest thing
kids split alf toc ran government hall line waiting garden plots looks alf alf toc end line began wait garden fun toc think plant fresh corn beans big red beets alf yum toc alf wait wait feet hurt alf line toc alf toc front line person government hall handed map garden plots put star plot superkids garden plot number plot find smile plenty light kids thank alf toc rushed bus map look look yelled plot find plot map seeds kind hot rod kinds tac corn seeds oswald lily carrot seeds ettabetta sal going plant beans peas tic doc radishes yelled frits beets icky cass terrific alf kind seeds hot rod kids looked forgot seeds spent cash doc alf toc looked disappointed
alf toc planted bird seed covered seeds soil sprinkled hose toc alf checked soil moist checked seeds started grow kids fun alf toc tweet weed growing laughed cass hot rod bird blossoms giggled icky kids beginning annoy toc yes alf fun garden enjoy superkids seeds began grow garden full green plants popping soil carrots began pop radishes began pop corn beans began pop beets began pop surprise began pop bird seed bird seed plants bigger bigger taller taller taller oswald lily carrots taller ettabetta sal beans doc tic peas taller tac hot rod corn boy radishes look sick bird seed plants frits summer bird seed plants bigger kids stopped making fun alf toc fantastic thing happened bird seed plants blossomed bird seed plant pretty doc looks sun dark tummy seen plant hot rod tall plant garden tac thank alf toc
tic lily cass set tent tic backyard real slumber party tic happily boy going fun sleep cass yes sleeping tent neat tic lily say word slept home bit afraid tent set girls put pajamas snuggled sleeping bags began whisper giggle dark inside tent tell scary story tic lily yes cass story tic began tell softly boy going road saw pot full silver dollars stopped pick pot gosh boy wait mother sees happy put pot arm ran home boy pot silver dollars belonged ugly goblin goblin let pot silver later boy sleep ugly goblin visit whooo stole pot silver dollars goblin whooo stole pot silver dollars boy woke dreaming ugly goblin closer closer whooo stole pot silver dollars asked boy felt tapping leg whooo stole pot silver dollars tic jumped grabbed lily
alexandra steep twisting stairs bell tower peeng peeng peeng chimed small bell bwong bwong bwong clanged bigger bell wait bells alexandra top stairs peeked small room elderly tugging rope saw girl alexandra conrad lang expecting re wants bells alexandra entered ropes hanging middle room ringing room lang bells room upstairs lang ladder alexandra ladder bells lang pointed bell nearest biggest bell called brave simon alexandra turned lang bells names yes lang pointed smaller bell bell called shy david smaller shy david called chiming glory lang pointed smallest bell end bell hung later lang alexandra gave bells look ringing room alexandra put hand end ropes rope smallest bell ring asked lang asked alexandra lang sturdy box alexandra stand explained ring bell stepped set pull
mom run fish chips stand block fact fish chips stand city clock morning rush docks fish freshest fish biggest fish rush stand fix fish chips mom yells fish chips fantastic fish chips sell fish chips city children run stand fish chips lunch job put lots fish chips baskets mom adds lots lots ketchup ketchup trick mom adds lots ketchup fish chips fantastic lunch lunch put hot dog stand fantastic fish chips stand stand lots flags big hot dog top fuss fizz mom upset upset mom set stand fantastic fish chips stand sell hot dogs spot city stand mom bet sell hot dogs kids fish chips lunch bet kids hot dogs stand mom fish chips hot dogs hot dogs fish chips mom began yell began yell fish chips fish chips lot kids ran
hills city big rock sat cliff sun robins landed rock twip twippet twip chipmunks began run rock rock content top cliff tromp tromp tromp top cliff rock tan hat rock big red hat yes tan hat rock colossal rock began blast rock lifted put rock truck shop city shop began cut chip rock chip chippet chip chippet chippet chip rock big statue set plaza statue splendid rock felt sad robins visit statue city chipmunks run sun began set city slept big rock content twip twippet twip sun city robins landed statue city chipmunks began run statue children ran statue set picnic lunch jazz band began lots visited plaza rock content big splendid statue grand plaza stand lots lots watch chipmunks robins twippet twip
times forgotten course times girl named jackie lived mother humble cottage jackie mother poor poor jackie birthday children age twelve cow helen jean helen jean dry jackie milking happened helen jean regular creamy milk bluish skim milk powdered skim milk end handful dust sell jackie mother jackie trotted helen jean marketplace wanted buy cow jackie secondhand cow collector crossed path heard herd antique aberdeen vintage guernsey couple don cow wanted cow period cow past performance want deal asking price twenty pieces silver jackie give beans jackie beans don believe jackie ok beans cow collector drive hard bargain magic beans bean seeds bean futures jackie asked handed helen jean exchange beans plant ground overnight results cow collector jackie arrived home mother door
let lenny sleep late game lenny uncle live folks dead lenny snores noon night rehearses band detroit big problem miss bradbury principal school advised week find stay home nights lenny afraid contact social worker foster home suitable jake tough sure terrified folded inside heard wouldn want actually makes feel kind wobbly think think shaking lenny ball game today game season let moving lenny moaned grinning cocked eye mumbled coach forfeit don show difference baseball team print alls forced retirement say team bragging stating fact don coach manage team re place works pretty guy mcleod coach mcleod builders put big stink slapped skull tag son pat skull tag comes handy want scare kid
reluctant pale foggy haze lifted sun turned fierce red temperature began hot stifling rise hoped wouldn hot boat trip planned aunt cousin visiting seattle important aunt eleanor sweating ladies don sweat purpose boat trip show aunt eleanor primitive conditions bit lady cousin laura figured friend grover rowboat primitive dangerous couldn prove aunt eleanor lady father insist live seattle teach feminine reasons understand worried part growing thought leaving thicket didn want contemplate grover agreed help taking aunt eleanor laura scenic tour thicket river thicket river exactly center civilization knew lady thicket river lady ready neatly brushed tied buttoned proper miss ellen grae derryberry aunt eleanor sure notice ladylike looks packed lunch fix hoping impress excellent cooking skills aunt eleanor laura appeared prettily dressed white skirts red peasant blouses wide sun hats
death valley national monument desert valley miles ringed mountains located california nevada view extremes telescope peak height feet feet sea level valley lowest point western hemisphere dry salt flats hot summer snows telescope peak plant sparse bristlecone pine oldest tree species thrives bright desert flowers bloom rock crevices seeds waiting sprouting conditions chapultepec park hand lush cultivated flowers trees grass park located high rocky hill overlooks mexico city aztec chapultepec means grasshopper hill chapultepec park visit flower gardens amusement park zoos lakes museums visitors picnic fountains lunch fine restaurants outdoor classes aztecs settled chapultepec full okefenokee swamp park wildlife refuge eerily quiet view water water okefenokee swamp located southeastern georgia northern florida seen boat large network canoe trails takes visitors cypress shaded swamp waters teeming wildlife swamp square miles holds islands visitors warned avoid floating islands peat step set wobbling swaying underfoot islands aptly choctaw word okefenokee word means trembling earth blazing hot stillness desert sand stretches square miles blinding brilliance valley floor dimmed afternoon shadows high mountains encircle
jim bridger coming exploring yellowstone park bumped brand town stood smack dab spot camped big blizzard folks didn didn place called blue horizon blue horizon didn amount large general store stable blacksmith funeral parlor jim howdys met grumbles sitting stove general store tried cheer reporting wonders seen yellowstone griddle gizzard steaming water didn shoot earth red hot boiling water flowin rocks prettiest lake full trout saw trout live boiling water grumbled mayor re exactly jim answered water cold frog hot spring floats top ate mess trout build cookfire skillet eat fish raw blacksmith asked jim shook head sir matter hauling trout slow boiling top water unhooked trout cooked sweetest savory fish tasted jim gave hoot hot cold lake didn accuse lying bothering gents asked mayor nodded call barn dance tonight fiddler won fiddle jim bridger loved frolic kicked heels jolly tune
william trip dentist wasn bad filling funny sour taste mouth think electricity able eat supper trouble watching television mother father bed things william liked bed listen radio night lying bed listening barry garble talk show radio ride flying saucer telling outer space crazy potato pancakes earth search millions planned freeze galaxy show william enjoying realized turned radio checked clicked radio bed tuned music station hear talking flying saucers music william turned radio flying saucer talking william lay quietly trying figure radio program coming worried rubbed tip tongue filling volume dropped low wait volume dropped pressed tongue tooth radio program tooth filling receiving radio programs william clenched teeth volume louder wonderful william lay awake planning ways radio tooth
father saying thing leads certainly started buy friend rufus birthday present intention getting factory getting ahead story soon meeting rufus mayflower discovered looks ordinary kid problem solver things happen makes friend lot fun rufus going millionaire wasn idea wanted toothpaste twelve sixth grade rufus goes eighth grade fall millions dollars bank account rufus sort genius father think father toss compliments certainly rufus idea thought toothpaste business genius ten percent inspiration ninety percent perspiration words rufus kids helped worked hard morning rufus idea making toothpaste cut rate drugstore looking brand eye shadow sale heard rufus say dollar twenty dollar twenty inch tube toothpaste crazy tubes anyway peppermint flavoring paste paying dollar twenty crossed toothpaste list bet toothpaste bet gallon dollar twenty
mel fisher crew discouraged crystal clear water south tip florida calm frustrating sea secrets wouldn share fisher convinced atocha spanish galleon nuestra senora de atocha lost hurricane according early records believed sunk small islands called matecumbe keys documents discovered hundreds treasure hunters tried failed find atocha legendary treasure mel fisher mel traveled california selling house car diving shop worked famous treasure seeker kip wagner helped salvage small fortune gold spanish ships wrecked ocean carpeted gold coins mel forget fisher decided look atocha later looking hope money patience mel determination give heard eugene lyon longtime friend suddenly looked fisher luck change lyon spain history research reading attempts spanish salvage team save treasure shipwreck read lyon heart began beat faster ship coast florida lyon knew mel interest finding ship lyon began turning pages quickly stopping examine maps yes thought exactly mel looking florida fisher looking wrong place
curious deaf don mind ask questions wish stick answers important say understood school didn sign language move hands try look bit school didn took communicate things mother started going sign language class began ask lot questions watched signs house pretty soon felt teaching don sign communicate want wish learn sign language ask repeat things didn understand repeat interested trying say don think bad deaf lot hearing tell trouble sleeping night lot noise windows tell loud truck motorcycle police siren wake problem toughest thing deaf able hear things want hear reading book feel want
mrs regan kitchen asked henry wanted bacon sandwich missed hours thanked mrs regan told wasn hungry upstairs room locked door sat bed henry remembered fighting breath awful smell room remembered boy kevin grandson sitting chair room room tall windows thought hall curving staircase remembered familiar minutes later henry unlocked door stairs pushed bicycle porch pedaled coast road knew kevin house familiar lieutenant house room changed looked bigger built dividing wall knocked electric lights oil lamps guessed window tapped room talked boy touch kevin care newspaper lieutenant read aloud sitting usual chair high sides henry jane sofa lieutenant held piece newspaper hands looking sad half smile grandfather ran announcement skibbereen eagle twenty ireland print week died
thing henry happier camp friends redfoot redfoot ute didn wear feathers wore kind baggy trousers leather jacket sleeves smiled henry evening eating turnip stew nights couldn sleep henry sit guarded cattle night henry camp week sitting fire wagons cattle drowsing munching redfoot tell sound movements strayed things henry liked redfoot silent stretches henry stare fire feel friend say lawson lied redfoot suddenly henry looked show listening didn ask lawson lied redfoot tell ready friend lawson month ago kevin left kevin henry couldn silent longer leave days henry figured quickly meant kevin ten days ahead maybe hundred miles week ago caught late guess lawson lied purpose think lawson start west asked wait find kevin henry agreed kevin traveled ten days catch find easy kevin startled henry
henry say bye sitting table sullivans cottage talk penelope america explained henry tell shana voice didn envy hester johnchristopher looked sorry didn want america journey west altogether useless henry saw hester pans hanging fire kind wagon camp johnchristopher leather jacket sleeves redfoot shana wearing pair cowhide boots wouldn able think things seen america hester brought piece fresh corn bread milk johnchristopher asked cross atlantic ship henry sullivans bye cottage henry promise ireland shana led twisting steps cliff passed cave ulalus lived stood ring candles thank trying help henry shana held hand henry took fingers felt strong lively promise shana promise won try leave mine kevin comes promise promise henry reached top ladder shana standing ring candles
columbus discovered america potato unknown american revolution potato grown widely europe mainly feed cattle exception ireland potato popular food item potato arrive scene popular beginning spaniards marched south america looking gold found eating brightly colored tubers called papas potatoes spaniards seen papas spaniards started returning spain carried papas curiosities funny looking food size peanuts red yellow blue purple gold spaniards brought thrilled europeans found potato exciting planted ornamental gardens mainly food cattle potato original form brightly colored potato didn look proper food europeans knowledge botany grew learned potato member night shade family thought potato poisonous thirdly superstitions potato france ruling forbade potato planting potato thought leprosy thought ate potato rough knobby skin skin rough knobby irish story potato brought ireland love sight
page read daily newspaper chances comic page maybe appeal story pictures words maybe pure entertainment offer comic strips popular forms reading comics actually cartoons single drawings called panels poked fun politics benjamin franklin addition talents cartoonist propaganda cartoon calling colonies join england known continuing series cartoons hogan alley give americans popular comic character character unlikely beginnings war newspapers color yellow newspaper war pitted joseph pulitzer york william randolph hearst york journal battle readers hearst pulitzer knew pictures buy papers colored pictures buy papers primary colored inks perfected yellow yellow ink refused dry properly ran smudged battle journal drying process yellow won demonstrate victory chose ugly gap toothed jug cartoon kid messages written bright yellow nightshirt cartoon character known yellow kid achieved overnight popularity lacked manners grammar funny died quick death
june arrived sure overjoyed school finally sweltering afternoon racing home final report card folded pocket weather dry dust glad walking soft green meadowland kicking rocks round dirt road quarter mile pigsty papa fashioned corn crib fresh cut timbers pegs white oak solomon ox lugged middle barnyard moving closer pinky moving pestering chickens pinky hollered range ran fast sure stifling hot june called pinky heard trotted meet started running ridge farm fast pig creek didn stop sprang sailed air landed yonder pinky didn jump bank sure waded fast fury splashed silver jump hoofs boy growing ten weeks practically size lay grass face imagined smiling lots things smile flower sun
friend irving dreamland lot ideas comes weird think idea fortune singers weirdest knew single thing music irving ideas stayed nice private okay contact public trouble promised arlene tanaka sing play party saturday guitar lesson lesson left music studio play chords song top smoky re irving walked street carrying rented instruments music books mean touch going play party lesson asked going saturday irving grinned aw today monday artie happen irving turned side street rounded corner irving uh uh charlie wolper pals pride toughest kids sunny beach standing jackals waiting pounce pair helpless lambs especially lambs carrying guitars turn irving whispered say charlie wolper winked friends close spread legs wide blocking sidewalk mind sassing pide move stammered irving nice safe
annie mcgee picked basket wood closed front gate street harleston green british soldiers red coats stiff white collars strutted troops trampled grass annie play cut trees brother climb annie reached pocket squeezed bird nest brother jack carried nest luck today need luck end sidewalk annie british sentries blocked magazine street americans british headquarters guard corner eyes straight ahead saw coming annie knew barricade wood cook murmured sentry pass answered annie took deep breath sidewalk brick wall wall surrounded buildings british camp annie walked eyes darted crack wall crack wall room british stored ammunition annie room mind stacks rifles baskets pistols barrels gunpowder inside wall annie planned stick fuse crack light street gate wall sentry guarded entrance large courtyard wood cook annie sentry nodded seen times person noticed soldier scar face
kingdom skyclear mountain princes born king queen oldest prince called michael middle prince called george youngest called peter grown seek fortunes happened oldest prince middle prince knew youngest prince rescued princess brought home ruled kingdom knew king peter twenty sixth queen blossom oldest prince born middle prince youngest prince turned girl king gloomily call peter call petronella sure don passed princes seek fortunes michael george bye king queen mounted horses petronella dressed traveling clothes bag packed sword side think petronella going sit home mistaken going seek fortune impossible king say cried queen look prince michael reasonable pet stay home sooner later prince turn petronella smiled tall handsome girl flaming red hair smiled meant trying temper
bald eagle circled hot june sky green dark water st pierre sound lay smooth calm isaac reached middle sound cut patrol boat engines boat cast shadow noon light tide coming ripple surface water isaac put straw hat captain tackle box opened cooler took sandwiches lemonade sign porpoises captain sighted morning isaac ate sandwiches saving bit ham bait reached hip pocket radio turned dropped fishing line end boat stretched foam rubber cushions pushed hat face slight pull line steady throb music awake tursiops truncatus isaac thought remembering scientific bottlenose dolphin silver gray porpoise morning mother baby surfaced distance starboard side boat moved arcing diving exactly silver gray porpoises gray silver green dark water isaac pulled line bait hook boat drifting slow wide circle dropped line study bottlenose st pierre sound favorite feeding ground tursiops truncatus isaac frowned remembering hours spent school library books marine biology learned lot books
howard carter british archaeologist looked bare rocky hills surrounding valley kings sand dirt towering rocks overhead burning egyptian sun desolate spot carter sure valley treasure waited found looking fifteen beginning expenses paid patron lord carnarvon archaeologists told carter give search tombs ancient kings found useless digging carter believed tomb remained undiscovered beneath sand tomb king tutankhamun ruled egypt thousand carter workers digging spots valley unexplored mountains dirt thrown digging carved hills side dark entrances tombs uncovered tombs empty things found museums carter shaded eyes studied mouths tombs archaeologist found small pieces gold bearing seal tutankhamun thought found tutankhamun tomb carter sure wrong tomb small king knew unlikely carter hoping discovered tutankhamun tomb hidden carter dreamed finding untouched tomb held buried thousand
gotten middle woods bunch going run race start times run courses won speeding running track threading woods kind race special kind race called orienteering find fastest route checkpoints scattered woods decide checkpoint brain workout feet group beginning orienteers group find checkpoints kilometer experienced orienteers expert group jog fourteen fifteen kilometers rugged terrain locate set checkpoints group orienteers feel competing re going mosey course enjoy scenery checkpoints group assigned starting times minutes won starting assigned starting report equipment tent compass map scorecard map look map seen covered brown squiggles blue blobs yellow patches tiny black squares topographic map feel lost looking haven decide quick lesson mapreading experienced orienteer
small group women answer questions chance send message earth outer space american scientists launch spacecraft voyager voyager spacecraft journey planet jupiter saturn board instruments send information planets moons spacecraft flight paths outer reaches solar system forever stars chance small chance someday beings planet spacecraft space surely message aboard telling earthlings spacecraft kind message send group women decide wanted message tell live planet wanted show human beings think feel wanted message peace friendship ideas send tape tape recorder spacecraft played spacecraft found thousands tape fallen group look send message space decided send special kind record pictures sounds record include record needle drawings show play
deer peacefully nibbling grass suddenly tiger jumped bushes thought deer escape bravely stood ground ordinarily tiger short deer luck tiger seen deer strange things growing head asked tiger deer casually horns forking tigers tiger stepping bit white spots body don deer bored voice eat tiger spot appears body eaten tigers practically covered white spots point tiger heard shaken bounded forest pretty soon met fox close call told fox fearsome animal met animal forked dozens tigers horns spots prove fox sputtered laughter talking deer gentlest animal sure pulled fast tiger couldn believe deer fooled completely fox look don believe show let ride lead deer soon
night boy sit campfire listening listening waiting finally hills rocky ledge steep ravine comes high windy cry lone coyote hear hills ledges ravines coyotes answer ay eee ay eee darkness small flickering campfire coyotes wail yip howl whine boy antonio stiffens sound wailing yapping anyway coyote enemy antonio forgets end ready sleep grandfather enemies makes excuses coyote says hard enjoy supper rocks sand coyote stay alive enemy neighbor companero grandfather says share rocky land enemy grandfather boy sheep quiet night pen beans green chiles tortillas wild honey eaten stars listen coyotes song tonight grandfather says awhile tells rain tonight maybe tomorrow soon coyotes feel change air antonio listens feels dry summer night knows grandfather hears things coyotes voices learned hear tries teach boy things
going taylor ridge thing meant compass compass dinner night nan started pleaded school light ask permission lives cabin kids plotting dad asked coming family room cabin road taylor ridge nan field trip today surprise dad grinned broadly boomer lives haven seen dog town friend nan asked interest say dad laughed likes boomer harmless guy habit stretching truth kind local character lived taylor place remember boy perry store trouble boy left boomer big weimaraner say awhile seen getting trip mom commented door knew car phone dad added grin remember phone brought bad news didn aim pay bad news travel faster mom smiled looked concerned
wheeled bikes garage decided nan face reality okay nan began tell dad decide give replied stubbornly ready face facts insisted compass lost treasure taylor ridge look warned added asked ways ways wondered honest thought boomer wood rats find maybe find nest obvious nan wasn thinking researching mind seeing eyes noticed taylor ridge missed impressed nan grasped idea place seen boomer blindness tried conceal chinking chinking real boomer crazy angrily minute beginning think re bad nan looked felt sorry took clear bedtime warmed sat bundled afghan trying mind homework math problems think wood rats find treasure logical places searched boomer
nan wanted terrified knew follow bubba source anguished cry walking started path bubba snow changed snows flakes grown larger substantial fell thickly wind drifts managed pile stones bushes cling north sides trees turning ghostly pillars maybe feet ahead steady layers falling snow nan hand tight mine bubba scarcely breathing listening hard painful terrifying moan sound neared place torn boot rotten board bubba grew frantic racing forward steps whining charging nan felt earth give foot wait warned strange nan stood perfectly shining flashlight inched forward saw bubba circling dark uneven hole surrounded snow covered splinters broken wood nan cried tone discovery aggers idea wide mouth lay flat scooted forward reached edge dark hole steadied spongy wood beam flashlight darkness
moving diver hovers water silver stream bubbles rises aqualung beam flashlight rocky walls underwater cave pale fish feet front half open mouth rows sharp pointed teeth fish shark moment shark diver face diver floats shark cave entrance shark backed wall cornered ways meet shark dangerous stares shark eyes diver feel panic fact feels opposite later write meeting shark describe thrilling moments divers course feel diver dr eugenie clark spent studying sea animals sharks special interests reason thinking shark won hurt eugenie clark discovered magic underwater unlikely place york city happened saturday morning mother worked saturday mornings newsstand downtown athletic club eugenie father died stay girl mother took hotel saturday aquarium morning coming think fun
inventions granted doorknobs paper clips rubber bands buttons ingenious bicycle bicycle didn wheel existence design trial error frenchman named mede de things rolling mounted wooden rail wheels sat rail pushed feet excited mede de invention thing steer change direction de stop easily brakes turn rig walking deal faster improved mede de design front wheel turned steering models seats mounted metal springs ride bumpy wheels wood iron walking deal comfortable frenchmen ernest michaux pierre lallement worked pedal bicycle pedals attached front wheel larger rear wheel models front wheel feet tall needed small stepladder seat started riding likely topple hit pebble fell conscious push bike found climb seat walking deal safer
happening suddenly big fish seal trout lose line hard bracing pulling full weight raise trout water reach dark shadow lee half stood skiff line suddenly broke tumbled backward seat bottom boat startled silence twirled reel handle flashing line aboard empty golden eagle lee struggled searched water glimpse seal seal stolen trout cutthroat shouted couldn broken line twelve sure slammed fist open palm till stung lee reckoned hours dark hour fish row home wind tide direction thing want cry sat stunned mechanically set salmon hour seen fish bites entire finally guessed clock dug deep inside pocket watch sure turned boat trolling began row home clear cove lee turned look heron island birthday shouted cedar snag high knoll water
anthropologists speak culture mean ways knowledge learned behavior culture includes tools objects language religious beliefs customs values folklore ways eating dressing everyday activities culture group adapted environment background culture cultures share anthropologists term culture mean achievements arts letters scientific thought anthropologists think terms person group cultured cultured sense grow learning culture adults function effectively group learn eat forks learn eat chopsticks efficient culture traits objects behaviors characteristics culture anthropologists evaluate culture meet needs members anthropologists speak culture region mean area cultural groups adapted surroundings similar ways culture traits held common farmers central southern china grow paddy rice living farmers vietnam thousand shared common written language lived small villages buddhists common ways vietnamese chinese belong culture area
earliest civilizations middle east arose tigris euphrates rivers join civilization sumer begun site called tell al southern iraq tell al area southwest tell al prospered settlements grew herders wandered north desert arabian peninsula migrants central asia iran blended cultures known sumerian culture agriculture herding foundations sumerian wealth sumerians grew barley wheat dates crops built dikes floodwaters tigris euphrates water irrigate fields sumerians raised cattle sheep goats oxen oxen pull plows oxen donkeys pulled carts chariots known wheel area early wheels wood leather copper tires sumerians began build walled cities political economic religious cultural centers sumarian center city temple temple business center storehouse grains bank temple priest king administered city surrounding land farmland cities owned deities managed priest king ordinary citizens owned rest land cities grew trade developed sumarians exported textiles wool grain imported gold silver copper lead woods kinds ivory jewels
osman othman turkish chiefs began expand territory considered founder sultan ottoman empire osman died extended ottoman land black sea grandson murad extended territory north sea marmara seized adrianople byzantines renamed edirne ottomans continued eat weakened byzantine empire mid constantinople surrounded ottoman lands mehmed ii ottomans captured city capital empire byzantine empire declining steadily crusades byzantines regained control constantinople looted crusaders power greatly reduced marks end byzantine empire constantinople ottomans control strategic area bosporus dardanelles bosporus narrow strait connects black sea north sea marmara south dardanelles strait connects sea marmara agean sea south straits marmara form link black mediterranean seas possession waterways played critical role destiny ottoman empire controlled controlled traffic russia mediterranean selim began rule ambitious leader dreamed ottoman empire connected europe asia defense islam excuse campaigns campaign safavids iran safavids restored order iranians earlier mongol invasions
partition india roughly concentration muslim population millions uprooted muslims lived territory india hindus lands pakistan numbers travel distances homeland thousands survive journey human rights violated refugees ambushed killed property sides borders confiscated entire villages burned ground west pakistan dominate nation west pakistan military governed generally favored business landlord groups cooperated supported policies areas pakistan resent methods rulers supporters showed resentment speeches riots strikes east pakistanis began call rule quieted military took harsh measures early december armies india invaded east pakistan aid east pakistanis short superior military forces defeated west pakistani troups stationed east pakistan country called republic bangladesh separation bangladesh west pakistani military leader president yahya khan replaced zulfikar ali bhutto bhutto elected leader pakistan party west pakistan pakistan bhutto remained power overthrown military coup opponents objected firm rule handling pakistan economy especially objected land reform policies nationalization industry bhutto jailed involvement political murder committed
rulers china formally held mao responsible terror cultural revolution china adopted constitution position chairman chinese wanted sure gain power mao held china free enterprise farmers meet farm quotas allowed left sell surpluses open market increased output encouraging addition experts believe modernization china agriculture quickly late china passed wheat production chemical fertilizers high yield crops farm output china expected continue grow china responsibility industrial production workers companies produce goods want profit early output consumer goods televisions bicycles radios greatly increased terms meeting consumer demand output small consumers goods china working attract foreign investors technology labor cheap china garment worker makes cents hour chinese greatly expanded medical care recent hospitals clinics built china leaders place emphasis preventive medicine malaria cholera practically wiped china problems overcome despite cutting annual growth rate percent population continues grow china population passed billion china largest cities worst housing shortages
broken hold china vietnamese slowly began conquer southward coast continued south mekong delta area held khmers short vietnamese took southern part vietnam khmer revolted occasionally successfully land divided kingdoms kingdoms warred century king annam help french finally emperor vietnam french ate portions vietnam parts southeast asia french joined vietnam kampuchea indochinese union control japan occupied vietnam war ii communist leader ho chi minh organized viet minh league independence vietnam china japan surrendered ho chi minh proclaimed democratic republic vietnam hanoi eventually french agreed recognize vietnam free french union viet minh wanted independence fighting broke viet minh french series military losses french defeated french indochinese war multinational conference geneva vietnam temporarily partitioned parts communist government headed ho chi minh rule democratic republic vietnam hanoi north communist government headed ngo dinh diem rule republic vietnam saigon south diem supported refused allow elections south elections scheduled part geneva agreement reunite vietnam single government
unit learned african farmers grow live extra sell produce agricultural surpluses nations need land productive permanent farming replace slash burn agriculture farmers need plant greater variety crops methods green revolution improved seeds modern farm tools equipment fertilizers african farmers able greatly increase crop output produce surpluses export african nations taking steps direction nigeria working food sufficient leading exporter peanuts palm oil nation dependent food imports recent ivory coast agricultural resources highest capita incomes african nations leading exporter cacao coffee palm oil exports include timber bananas cotton pineapples oil free enterprise encouraged cameroon steady progress economy agricultural resources country generally food sufficient countries surplus crops export depend crops sell niger senegal rely peanuts cotton cash crops limited crop economy disaster nation harvest bad price crop fall market true minerals industry nation zambia depends copper export trade severely affected demand copper falls agricultural output africa affected natural
citizens athens hand enjoyed discussing arts politics preferred serve choice force athens located district attica east central greece ionians settled area early athenians ruled kings later nobles governed benefit citizens owned land citizens fields worked tenants produced scarcely pay rent tenants forced creditors slaves merchants laborers independent farmers sailors beginning began step forward offer solution athenians problems athenians called tyrants tyrant rule bad short tyrant draco gave athenians written code law draco law unreasonably severe minor theft punishable death law leaned favor nobles solon assumed power advanced greeks path democracy economic reform cancelled debts freed enslaved debt limit amount land person urged farmers trades land crowded solon opened assembly governing bodies athens poor unpropertied male citizens property members group solon increased power assembly giving council members elected assembly members council propose laws reforms highest ruling body athens council areopagus council composed nobles
romans deep feeling respect law law based tolerance reason modern legal ideas partnerships private property innocent proven guilty contracts expressed romans roman code law called twelve tables written designed simple farm early republic remain simple romans expanded empire expanded law adapted meet customs subjects teachings stoics wanted insure justice case praetors flexible interpreting law case interpretations precedents praetors follow base interpretations roman law grew fashion later english common law grew daily gradually practically cicero teachings natural law rights individuals helped bring reason administration roman justice romans force law conquered empire accept roman law suitable fall empire continued later european countries affected roman law greatest impact italy france spain countries latin america roman law basis legal systems romans confine philosophy law significant contributions literature art architecture roman writers imitated greek comedies forms greek literature known roman playwrights terence plautus drew heavily greeks
greatest intellectuals enlightenment considered deists philosophes france philosophes true philosophers created system philosophy aquinas aristotle philosophes shared belief ability reason solve problems correct abuses shared hatred intolerance ignorance superstition persecution official position voltaire rousseau intolerant disagreed ideas philosophes extremely important stirring french revolution giving direction francois marie arouet known voltaire master satire occasions sharp wit resulted exile prison philosophical letters voltaire praised workings english political system observed exiles works show spirit philosophes poem natural law essays manners spirit nations jean jacques rousseau national attention won essay prize academy dijon topic academy chosen arts sciences improved morals humankind rousseau took position corrupted arts sciences unusual viewpoint rousseau presented ideas essay origin inequality study educational theories called emile chief social contract social contract rousseau maintained free equal social political forms aim protection rights individual sovereign
effects realism seen literature england france extent germany scandinavia spain realism psychological sociological analysis generally dominated english novels charles dickens served english conscience novels portrayed social ills caused industrialization dickens displayed sense humanitarianism ability create unforgettable characters works oliver twist david copperfield change existing social conditions william makepeace thackeray john galsworthy realists portrayal english upper classes mary ann evans pen george eliot wrote english rural works silas marner mill floss reflect concern social moral problems terms style finest realistic novelists period george meridith thomas hardy meridith novels probe human psychology describe relationship individual society meridith selective type realism attempt record detail hardy hand strict realist pessimist study character environment jane austen writing earlier romantic period actually realist novels recorded detail everyday lives characters society english literature victorian age reign queen victoria dominated realist philosophies styles appeared examples later romantic writing robert louis stevenson stevenson traveler voyages love adventure inspired tales treasure island kidnapped charlotte bronte created jane eyre sister emily wrote wuthering heights gothic style
belgium italy luxembourg france netherlands west germany joined create common market coal steel plan offered robert schuman france formed european coal steel community ecsc organization designed remove barriers coal iron steel trade members barriers tariffs quotas import restrictions ecsc dealt movement coal steelworkers member country workers move freely nations treated native workers aim organization bring west germany france closer economically nations set european atomic energy community euratom euratom supports nuclear research helps build nuclear power plants europe european economic community eec began operations nations later britain iceland denmark greece joined addition ten full members nations africa latin america middle east asia eec trade agreement eec goal removal barriers free movement goods capital member nations eec wants common tariff economic policies uniform prices organization met number goals flow capital members increased transportation telecommunications systems improved contributed greatly prosperity setting eec eec ecsc euratom grouped common political framework known european communities ec common market organization legally separate body members share council ministers commission court justice european parliament
chaotic playing liberals conservatives antonio lopez de santa anna elected president soon seized power dictator ruled political economic troubles constant santa anna waged series battles territory texas ended loss texas mexican american war economy mexico afford term military expeditions santa anna forced step benito juarez held mexicans finest liberal reformer president mexico born poor indian family managed receive education lawyer served governor term office model rest mexico juarez elected president mexico adopted liberal constitution federal system restored influence army reduced large landholdings church broken powerful forces including roman catholic church opposed constitution liberals conservatives battled civil war liberals won juarez president mexico bankrupt juarez stopped repayments loans european creditors france creditor nations tried control mexico emperor napoleon iii cousin young austrian archduke maximilian mexico emperor french troops support claim objected violation monroe doctrine president james monroe issued doctrine warning european countries western hemisphere
understand present status women latin america understand values latin american society machismo term comes spanish word macho meaning manliness attitude implies superiority believe machismo regard women inferior women treated personal property bearing children keeping house violence humiliation women featured latin american literature acceptable male behavior slowly attitudes women changing status improving general level prosperity rises opportunities women increase famous powerful women latin america history spanish conquest translators spanish indian women dona marina malinche helped cortes period arawak anacaona led soldiers columbus left voyage later captured hanged spanish spanish portuguese traditionally women shielded public colonial latin american houses designed protect unmarried woman contact family close friends bedroom part house windows barred attend church social reasons chaperoned trusted older woman marriages arranged ideal wife cared husband took care household quiet obedient understanding wayward husband interfere business political affairs exceptions ideal secluded pampered woman ideal accepted common follow
early literary style called romanticism swept europe romanticism looked emotions nature simple things themes finest latin american romantic writers novelist jose martiniano de alencar known deep feelings indians land native brazil guarani written concerns love indian brazilian european descent scenes decorate walls opera house manaus brazil ruben dario pen feliz ruben garcia sarmiento nicaragua poet diplomat experiments themes verse forms language revolutionized spanish literature wrote books verse prose dario introduced modernism latin american literary tradition modernists revolted style themes romanticism dario writers early helped awaken awareness spanish americans ties bound jose marti cuba jose asuncion silva colombia jose enrique rodo uruguay manuel gutierrez najera mexico emphasized common cultural bonds latin americans stressed unity reached physical political differences century latin american writers wrote part lived unlike artists rivera orozco writers believe purpose write common thought writing removed commonness social consciousness century wore latin american writers changed attitude development interest regionalism national character important step
spain reinvigorated monarchy belief columbus prediction vast wealth interior continent continent america asia immediately moved advantage discoveries voyage columbus established base island hispaniola spanish explorers fanned caribbean basin ponce de leon reached florida vasco nunez de balboa crossed isthmus panama find pacific ocean ten later spaniards dreams wealth realized cortes conquered aztec empire killing ruler montezuma seizing fabulous treasure gold silver venturing northward conquistadores hernando de soto discovered mississippi river coronado explored southwestern portion united states found contrast francisco pizarro explored south western coast south america conquered enslaved incas acquiring richest silver mines half century columbus voyage spanish monarchs treated american territories personal possessions controlled richest extensive empire europe known ancient rome costs extraordinarily high conquistadores destroyed sophisticated indian civilizations built huge urban centers developed calendar accurate europeans invented systems writing mathematics constructed roads bridges irrigation canals spaniards deliberately leveled indian cities building cathedrals monasteries sites occupied aztec incan mayan temples deliberately attempted erase vestiges indian cultures burning written records found result present knowledge aztec maya inca civilizations rests entirely architectural remains pottery artifacts records left priests accompanied colonizers
middle eighteenth century immigrant alexander mcallister received letter cousin scotland asking consider moving american colonies mcallister settled north carolina fellow scotsmen responded encouragingly country poor incline labour ther puts ground yealds beyount idea strenger conceive told cousin continued advise poor wish curradge com country benefite ther riseing generation later martha mcclouting scotch irish woman living charleston expressed attitude mother derry marred fowlos stoat ceping cheldren sons wan dauther sex negroes wich keps easey hard lebar wish meney moor fortun cum contry days worked hard ireland days live ease country works hard mcallister mcclouting hundreds thousands european immigrants flooded england mainland colonies attitude representative migrants overpopulated distressed areas europe especially scotland northern ireland ulster germany found opportunities america undreamed homelands opportunities restricted previous century meant women owned acquire property
bostonians accustomed leading lives minimum interference government found hemmed turn guards boston neck entrance city checked travelers goods redcoat patrols roamed city night questioning harassing military parades held boston common accompanied loud martial music brutal public whipping deserters violators army rules parents began fear safety daughters subjected soldiers coarse sexual insults ventured streets greatest potential violence lay uneasy relationship soldiers boston laborers redcoats sought employment duty hours competing unskilled jobs city ordinary workingmen members groups brawled repeatedly taverns streets march workers ropewalk shiprigging factory attacked redcoats seeking jobs pitched battle resulted groups acquired reinforcements days later tension exploded early evening march crowd began throwing hard packed snowballs sentries guarding customs house goaded endurance sentries fired crowd express orders contrary killing wounding died days later dead samuel maverick ebenezer macintosh brother law mulatto sailor crispus attucks resistance leaders idealized dead rioters martyrs liberty holding solemn funeral days later commemorating march annually patriotic orations known engraving massacre paul revere part propaganda campaign depicts peaceful crowd officer ordering soldiers fire shots coming window customs house
united states government war reluctantly conflict continued probe diplomatic end hostilities instance president madison eagerly accepted russian offer mediate britain refused participate november months russian offer failed british foreign minister lord castlereagh suggested opening peace talks took ten months arrange meetings august team american negotiators including john quincy adams henry clay began talks british ghent ghent treaty mention issues led war united states received satisfaction impressment blockades maritime rights likewise british demands neutral indian buffer northwest territorial cessions maine minnesota unmet essentially treaty ghent restored prewar status quo provided end hostilities release prisoners restoration conquered territory arbitration boundary disputes questions notably compensation losses fishing rights negotiated joint commission negotiators settle events europe peace status quo acceptable end napoleon fall power allowed united states abandon demands peace europe impressment interference american commerce moot questions similarly war weary britain treasury nearly depleted gave pressing military victory war reinforce independence young american republic conflict britain continued led war experience strengthened america resolve steer clear european politics british french conflict drawn united states war
weeping sobbing humble voice begged master give king going alabama voice rose uttered absolute cry despair raving frenzy declared leave georgia plantation home father mother wife children twisted hat clenched fists flung ground kill lost family worth living fanny kemble watching doorway horrifying disorienting scene famous british actresses tour america fanny grown breathing england antislavery tradition naturally air england friends enlightened antislavery thinkers william ellery channing liberal boston minister founded unitarianism catharine maria sedgwick america foremost woman novelist elizabeth dwight sedgewick educator catharine sister law amid company fanny understandably assumed attitudes america advanced civilized married took england georgia rice plantation hundreds dark skinned slaves produced white grain source wealth pierce butler fanny husband cultured philadelphia gentleman lived north part family fortune sprung southern slavery fanny chose dozens suitors attractive exemplar american culture shattered slave hopes hesitation quietly leaning table arms folded butler advised distraught black fuss help
women limit families early nineteenth century married later shortening period childbearing important widespread birth control american book birth control moral physiology plain treatise population question popular marriage guide physician charles knowlton fruits philosophy private companion young married provide glimpse contemporary birth control methods widespread practice coitus interruptus withdrawal male completion sexual act mechanical devices beginning compete ancient folk practice animal skin condoms imported france expensive popular cheap rubber condoms widely adopted dr knowlton advocated dubious practice douching chemical solution immediately intercourse couples rhythm method attempting confine intercourse woman infertile periods knowledge safe period uncertain physicians directions avoiding conception similar today advice couples want children method abstinence frequent sexual intercourse frequently women abstained visited prostitutes failed abortion widely especially ineffective folk remedies induced abortion centuries surgical abortions common abortionists advertised services large cities middle class elite women boldly asked doctors perform abortions sign upswing abortions increase legislation ten states territory prohibited abortions twenty states outlawed twenty punished mother laws rarely enforced
hope working president republican congressmen sensed constituents remained dissatisfied results reconstruction pushed bargaining factions emerged plan took form proposed amendment constitution fourteenth represented compromise radical conservative elements party points amendment nearly universal agreement confederate debt declared null void war debt united states guaranteed northerners uniformly rejected notion paying taxes reimburse financed rebellion business groups agreed necessity upholding credit united states government fairly general support altering personnel southern governments language harkened johnson amnesty proclamation fourteenth amendment prohibited political power prominent confederates discretion congress thirds vote house political penalties removed section fourteenth amendment greatest legal significance later appendix face section effort strike black codes guarantee basic rights freedmen conferred citizenship freedmen prohibited states abridging constitutional privileges immunities similarly amendment barred taking person liberty property due process law denying equal protection laws clauses phrased broadly powerful guarantees black americans civil rights later decades added meaning court rulings corporations legally persons page section amendment clearly revealed compromises political motives produced document
traditionally americans divided land square rectangular parcels afford live place farm homestead act measures adopted facilitate western settlement offered free cheap plots live improve property homesteads plots acquired small farmers rectangular encompassing acres families live congregated corner boundary intersection practice farmers lived boundary lines half mile separated farmhouses border land unoccupied making neighbors distant observers wrote loneliness monotony plains escaped oppressivenes working outdoors taking occasional trips sell crops buy supplies women isolated confined domestic chores household writer remarked slaves weary monotonous round cooking washing mending result insane asylum filled wives farmers letters ed donnell young nebraska homesteader wrote family reveal circumstances dull optimism fall donnell wrote mother missouri nebr rate saw pretty tuff part started home determined win die attempt crop corn floor house ceiled overhead donnell getting lonely tired lots bachelors kinfolks living handy
half century civil war war baptist minister russell conwell delivered sermon thousand times untold millions united states titled acres diamonds immensely popular lecture affirmed widespread belief american achieve success look riches conwell preached acres diamonds lay feet night night conwell declare audience opportunity rich attain wealth reach woman hears speak tonight say rich duty rich honestly attain riches christian godly duty success religious obligation actually improve lot fulfill duty basically ways person ahead occupational advancement higher income accompanied acquisition property potential greater wealth represented migration area conditions greater opportunity period options open chiefly white women worked owned property migrated social standing defined lives husbands fathers kin women improve economic status marrying wealth potential avenues closed women access fewer occupational opportunities obtained property inheritance migrated accompanied families women afro american american indian mexican american members racial minorities fewer opportunities success
business farmers part foreign policy public savored expansion course profits foreign sales dream cried governor georgia valley cotton factory convert raw material neighborhood fabrics warm limbs japanese chinese fear generated foreign trade nation farms factories produced americans consume foreign commerce believed safety valve avert relieve depression prosperity reported secretary treasury early months crippling depression depends largely ability sell surplus products foreign markets remunerative prices tremendous economic growth united states civil war stimulated foreign trade larger navy protect lucrative commerce efficient foreign service call colonies activist foreign policy fact foreign trade grew faster national income united states exports totaled million million million billion outbreak war american exports reached billion european businessmen complained american export invasion beginning united states began enjoy term favorable balance trade exporting imported america products europe increasing amounts flowed markets latin america asia exports manufactured items increased agricultural goods accounted quarters total thirds manufactured goods led export sales
august young american woman trudged rough sea english coast nineteen gertrude ederle left france morning attempt swim english channel feat women accomplished succeeded swam treacherous thirty mile stretch hours minutes fastest recorded known swimming champion won gold medal olympics ederle champion women conquest channel wrote literary digest hailed battle won feminism unanswerable refutation masculine dogma woman sense physical power efficiency inferior according columnist boston globe channel means giving women physical dignity americans appreciate dignity narrow ways adulation ederle feat inspired profusion swimsuit ads linking physical fitness sex appeal newspapers magazines heralded swim increased attention bathing beauties miss america pageant contest begun ederle won distance race accomplishments ederle renowned era admired males dempsey ruth lindbergh capone flower consumerism reached full bloom spurred advertising forms credit americans eagerly bought automobiles radios real estate stocks majority population enjoyed unparalleled standard living fundamental perplexing trend effect mass consumer culture individuals communities
economic woe geographical displacement strained marriage family postponed marriage married couples postponed children demographers estimate marriages occurred occur depression family incomes dropped birth control common birth rate fell divorces declined couples able afford divorce decided face hardships sticking adjustments maybe moved expensive house apartment maybe sold car sacrificed telephone maybe sons daughters denied college education maybe clothes opportunity recreation family members forced spend enforced closeness difficulty happy integrated stable families create unpleasantness disorder families suffering unemployment crowded living quarters fathers felt ashamed resenting diminished role child playing irritated recalled son unemployed waterloo iowa tool die maker wasn father shook esteem fathers husbands undermined reversal sex roles especially women took jobs support family shift authority husband wife noticeable women children clothing canned vegetables fruits essence family provider women tried massage despair humor president asked comedians tell jokes lighten burdens hoover bore brunt comedy
carter met toughest test iran early shah toppled throne revolutionaries leadership ayatollah ruhollah khomeini wrathfully american moslem cleric khomeini remembered united states restored shah throne undermining democratically elected mossadegh government cia trained supplied shah ruthless secret police savak november exiled shah admitted united states medical treatment mobs stormed american embassy teheran took american personnel hostages demanding return shah trial wealth iranians eventually released prisoneers languished iranian guard frequently blindfolded bound subjected solitary confinement beatings terrifying mock executions theocratic khomeini regime hurled insults washington carter return shah iran apologize past american involvement unable gain hostages freedom public appeals foreign emissaries united nations delegations president took steps isolate iran economically froze iranian assets united states appealed american allies largely unsuccessfully reduce trade moslem april frustrated low ebb public opinion polls carter broke diplomatic relations iran ordered daring rescue mission miscarried equipment failure sandy iranian desert hasty withdrawal aircraft collided killing american soldiers hostages freed january days capture agreement led release finally reached offices algerian diplomats united states unfroze iranian assets promised intervene iran internal affairs
night watchman frank wills making rounds watergate apartment office complex washington june noticed doors connecting building underground garage taped locking wills removed tape returned thirty minutes later found replaced promptly telephoned police report illegal entry police arrested attaching listening devices telephones sixth floor offices democratic national committee cameras rifling files arrested james mccord cia employee security coordinator committee re elect president creep castro cubans miami unknown police watergate building illegally break howard hunt cia agent creep security chief gordon liddy fbi agent serving staff white house domestic council trying find democrats offices hope overhear telephones important ordered break twenty months american learn answers questions appeared rate burglary turn part official plot destroy free presidential election shoddy story watergate unfolded americans disillusion grow grown believing country powerful righteous democratic bountiful history humankind
beginning editors magazine observed erected smoldering wreckage shovel blade strike unexploded bomb air thick sense aftermath public passions spent consciences bewildered nation turned apathetic attitude evident youth american youths worked change nation social political cultural mid aspirations young americans transformed younger brothers sisters founders counterculture rejected revolutionary idealism student vassar commented saw freshmen high school older brothers sisters going war exile revolution saw waste lives think determined ruin lost older americans took refuge lost war political scandal economic distress theologian put americans beleaguered sense bones order dying want radical alternative working develop rationale system americans turned gaze concentrated expression personal improvement popular beer commercial proclaimed round grab gusto gusto ranged recreational vehicles roller skates disco punk rock godfather star wars social commentator tom wolfe branded decade diversion material consumption designed americans private worlds midst public confusion tolerable
kinds places specific places natural places human places located space earth known layer living things exist layer surface earth geographers divided earth layer land water air portions land area called lithosphere water area called hydrosphere air portion called atmosphere size earth compared egg layer thinner egg shell layer interest geographers earth sphere shaped ball model globe globe geographers locate places layer order study locate places geographers series imaginary lines cover earth set lines runs vertically north pole south pole called lines longitude poles known meridians set lines crosses earth circling east west called lines latitude equal distance known parallels line longitude latitude identifying number numbers expressed terms degrees parts circle lines longitude numbered east west line called prime meridian england led countries exploration plan developed reason prime meridian selected run city greenwich england
clock noon living clock noon side earth true earth rotates axis degrees longitude hour sun rises st louis located west longitude philadelphia located west longitude enjoyed hour daylight set clocks sun directly overhead marking clock noon high noon meant hundreds times marked towns cities places miles observing slightly times avoid problem times countries agreed set standard zones prime meridian running greenwich england starting point meridian called standard meridian zone set prime meridian center zone extended degrees east prime meridian degrees west degrees zones set total complete circle traveling east greenwich hour later zone means clock greenwich clock paris france zone traveling west hour earlier zone problem remained zones set consider understand problem suppose jet noon seattle heading west
distribution plants determined landforms soil climate reason vegetation occurs uneven patterns surface earth plants live communities plant community forest trees vines bushes grasses mosses plants plant communities tropical areas kinds plants communities desert areas fewer kinds area earth plant community suited conditions soil climate landforms place suppose fire destroyed forest area soon plants begin grow grasses grow bushes begin return later trees plants suited area pushed newer plants process called succession eventually plant community established suited area drastic change takes place local conditions plant community remain stage process succession called climax community distribution plants surface earth considered categories forests grasslands dry areas areas kinds plants exist category plant important forest areas trees important grasses plants grow grasslands grasses important trees grow grasslands widely scattered kinds forest communities eastern half united states total forest
united states areas major climate groups conterminous united states east rocky mountains climate greatest north south west rockies elevation important influence alaska climates hawaii small variations due elevation exception southern florida southeastern united states moist mild winter climate includes area roughly south ohio river east plains summers hot humid rain falls heaviest summer growing season grow crops lasts months southern florida tropical moist climate coldest month january temperatures average area growing season lasts north ohio river east plains moist cold winter climate south lakes summers hot winters month average high temperatures rainfall averages inches centimeters regular rain assures drought free growing season lasting months east west lakes summers cooler winters longer growing season lasts months plains semiarid climate rainfall averages inches centimeters rocky mountains block moisture west summers hot winters cold plains range temperatures greater country
subject borders important political geography political divisions cities provinces states countries borders borders give political divisions size shape deal borders young children aware boundaries yards homes school children draw map showing boundaries school property entering leaving city notice sign marking city border borders imaginary exist agreed baseball game boundaries field drawn grass turf boundary lines show base paths limits foul territory playing field similar lines drawn basketball courts football fields borders seen borders political divisions seen leave city knowing person traveling road sign tell city borders located true border countries borders political divisions marked natural features lakes rivers mountain ranges common natural features mark borders lakes mark part border united states canada natural features seen borders imaginary actual border marked river runs middle photo page shows border seen aerial photo border montana province alberta canada
mexico rugged land sharp physical differences range deserts northern part country tropical rainforests south map mexican mainland appears triangle shape broad base triangle north mexico touches united states south country narrows narrowest isthmus tehuantepec isthmus narrow piece land connecting larger areas point miles kilometers separate pacific ocean gulf mexico south isthmus land broadens slightly mexico stretches border belize guatemala west mexican mainland narrow strip land known baja california thin peninsula piece land surrounded sides water extends south northern border california united states gulf california separates baja california mainland mexico border united states mountain ranges dominate landscape mexican mainland western sierra madre runs north south west coast mexico inland pacific ocean east coast eastern sierra madre runs north south inland gulf mexico mexico live ranges coastal mountain ranges join land narrows isthmus tehuantepec isthmus mountains south mountains dominate landscape range sierra de chiapas reaches south central america
rise coast highlands steep problems central railroad peru runs callao lima huancayo cerro de pasco mountains direct distance callao huancayo miles kilometers trains travel miles kilometers tunnels mountains curve sea level feet meters passengers especially tourists breathe balloons filled oxygen fight effects sickness caused change altitude region east andes called montana fewest economically developed peru regions isolated major cities chala high forest area eastern slopes andes wood important resource hardwoods cedar mahogany walnut grown trade making paper softwoods started recent plantation agriculture raising livestock important river plains montana indians live subsistence farming fish gather nuts fruits add diets live primitive homes thatch dirt floors head amazon largest city montana iquitos head navigation boats headed east mouth amazon direct distance iquitos miles kilometers lima andes highlands travel cities mile kilometer trip amazon river atlantic ocean panama canal pacific ocean days airplanes
think place bananas grown think place tropics bananas need warm weather found countries central america parts africa thinking bananas britain imagine store growing greenhouse place britain bananas grown isles scilly group islands lies miles kilometers southwestern coast england islands living largest st mary miles kilometers miles kilometers wide surrounded waters atlantic ocean warmed north atlantic drift islands mild climate despite northern location tropical plants kinds grown isles palm trees eucalyptus trees cinnamon plants native places closer equator plants brought isles scilly sailors famous gardens found tresco abbey island tresco conditions islands ideal growing flowers shipped mainland united kingdom winter months living islands earn income sale flowers flower season isles scilly begins november narcissus plants bloom sold easily london damp cool beginning january daffodils harvested
group called latins settled central italy greeks began setting towns south italy called etruscans settled italy north present city rome rome center empire beginning culture latins etruscans greeks settled italy romans skill engineering government alphabet romans today latin language formed base french spanish portuguese italian romanian roman empire helped spread christian religion percent italy roman catholics roman empire began fall italy divided number parts large cities ruled areas city states developed trade venice genoa milan italian cities rich powerful trade middle east asia mediterranean sea europe north alps mountains wealth cities provided art literature artists writers began producing works based greek roman traditions movement called renaissance northern italy spread areas europe famous paintings sculpture writings produced italy famous center important part western culture italy united country rome capital country
original settlers arab west berbers migrated nile basin thousands ago area invaded turn phoenicians romans vandals byzantines arabs turks finally french maghreb italians libya phoenicians based present lebanon founded cities northern coast africa carthage modern tunisia powerful carthage empire controlling area libya southern spain carthagenian expansion brought conflict roman empire nearby italy rome defeat carthage roman rule imposed north africa ruins roman buildings seen places rome empire declined north africa fell control germanic vandals byzantines finally arabs groups control north africa arabs greatest term influence arabs based arabian peninsula brought islam arab language north africa turkish ottoman empire controlled region culture north africa remained arabic turkish arab west share written version arabic language common speech varies place place variation language called dialect arabic spoken morocco varies spoken libya groups speak berber language countries arab west
saudi arabia dominates arabian peninsula smaller countries south east peninsula speak arabic islamic religion countries resources economies countries southern coast yemen arab republic democratic republic yemen known southern yemen oman yemen southern yemen lack oil valuable resources past important links trade coming suez canal today yemen moist climate country develop farming southern yemen dry depend aid loans countries soviet union east germany cuba oman oil makes richer yemens discoveries oil end oman leaders trying develop areas economy oil runs unlike south east coast arabian peninsula wealthiest area countries kuwait bahrain qatar united arab emirates called gulf states due location persian gulf abu dhabi states united arab emirates capita income income gulf states goes expanding oil industry help areas economy steel mills oil refineries chemical plants built problem gulf states countries arabian peninsula poorly defined borders knows resources lie parts peninsula claim areas land
major broadleaf evergreen forests brazil central western africa southeastern asia mistakenly called jungles geographers correctly describe areas tropical rainforests jungle tropical rainforest exactly jungle anyway jungle dense growth plants occurring tropical rainforests tropical rainforests tops closely spaced trees form kind umbrella blocks sunlight reaching floor forest sunlight important ingredient plant growth plant growth hindered dense umbrella tall trees tropical rainforest free dense underbrush jungles develop tropical rainforest areas sunlight penetrates forest clearings slopes banks rivers streams suppose areas tropical rainforest cleared plants begin grow sunlight reaches ground process plant succession takes types plants compete space left cleared trees jungles develop clearings dense bushes vines person walk cut growth jungles clearings trees remain small trees large produce shade underbrush begin die sunlight area part tropical rainforest place permanent jungles steep slopes tropical rainforests places treetop umbrella effect complete level ground trees slopes generally allow sunlight penetrate floor forest
economic activity falls groups primary secondary tertiary activities involves producing gathering resources change raw materials finished goods provide services goods major kinds primary activities farming fishing mining countries country generally depends things landscape climate resources level technology farming takes growing crops raising animals part takes place levels level subsistence farming chief purpose feed level commercial large scale farming chief purpose sell commercial farming involves producing food farm goods sold profit commercial farming involves things eaten examples rubber hardwoods produced silvaculture southeast asia fishing thought terms subsistence commercial pacific islands fish chiefly eat peru commercial fisheries catch fish sold countries mining involves taking mineral energy resources earth iron ore coal oil resources earth sold earn money country mineral energy wealth measured ways size country reserves need resource markets important mineral resources iron ore important steel
pollution drought limited fresh water supplies half easy access potable water water drinking likely countries fresh water number grows farming fresh water needed quarters supply fresh water form ice earth polar regions present technology allow reserve fresh water pollution toll quality earth air quality air deteriorated greatly due part smoke pollutants put factories automobiles deterioration expected century factories built fossil fuels situation worse ahead need industrial economic activity balanced need breathe healthy atmosphere today percent energy comes fossil fuels rest comes basically water sun wind thermal sources alternatives fossil fuels depends chiefly fossil fuels energy rising fuel prices effect countries greatest developing countries easily hurt higher fuel prices developing countries thirds account seventh energy production
mars small rocky planet half size earth completely covered deserts seas flowing water earth entire planet appears red color recently scientists study mars looking earth based telescopes space probes closer look scientists saw close range pictures mars earth mariner space probe launched photographs showed parts mars cratered landscape moon showed areas deserts earth mariners rocketed past mars temperature measurements photographs later mariner orbited mars mapped entire surface planet probe revealed parts mars clearly visible earth scientists able learn deal mars photographs mariner showed enormous mountains larger earth martian volcano called olympus mons miles kilometers high highest mountain earth mount everest miles kilometers high photographs revealed things mars large cracks planet surface cracks enormous width depth called valles marineris measures miles kilometers wide miles kilometers deep miles kilometers wider miles kilometers deeper grand canyon thing photographs revealed appeared dried river beds
beginning universe flux changing early forms challenged changing climate appearance competitive species volcanic eruptions earthquakes creatures adapted challenges evolution learning patterns behavior met challenges extinct fallen distant mists survival planet earth guaranteed fight predators leopard forage parched plains food war humanlike creatures compete land food hundred ago black death wiped millions survived prevailed unique capacities adjustment human beings successful species meeting challenges stand today eradicated threatening diseases face planet millions bed hungry night live united states developed nations longer worry eat clothing bleakest winters prospered concerned overeating prospect starvation successful worry find fulfillment land job education affluence led focus quest meaning raw survival today challenges familiar ring include emotional problems anxiety interpersonal challenges social shyness development intimate relationships
women choose half dozen kinds childbirth classes teach variations lamaze technique childbirth classes teach women charge stages labor recent lamaze class york instructor fritzi kallop asked labor eager students shouted ice fours lie side mrs kallop charges classes reunion expensive rate childbirth classes intensive birthing education women sense command leaves fear minor dietary slip ignorant mistake pregnancy damage child maybe easier mother didn happening inside body says christina kellogg television producer york thinking god brains formed month tremendous sense responsibility medical industry responded demands prepared woman offers choices doctor midwife birthing center hospital inexpensive stays inside hospital hospitals offer called birthing rooms approximately rate regular rooms amenities brass beds oriental rugs hanging plants emergency equipment nearby indianapolis yellow pages hospital ads beckon maternity buzz words birthing rooms rooming baby mother examination hugging breast feeding immediately birth doris borg actress checked york roosevelt hospital ticked list demands
late adulthood begins age reason developmental psychologists concerned later called demographic imperative swensen swelling ranks nation elderly americans aged improved health care knowledge importance diet exercise american compared american older eisdorfer reason increased interest aging recognition development involves aging developmental psychologist bernice neugarten suggests development aging similar synonymous terms reason studying later learn promote health psychological elderly later stage preparing die number problematic occur later calcium metabolism lead increased brittleness bones heightened risk breaks accidents falls skin elastic subject wrinkles folds senses acute elderly hear acutely spice flavor food elderly require reaction respond stimuli elderly drivers need respond traffic lights vehicles changing road conditions elderly show decline general intellectual ability measured scores intelligence tests drop acute items answer produced limit
unusual names create childhood problems linked success adulthood american study names david john michael robert rated positively names ian dale raymond marcus children common names tend popular mcdavid harari college professors upper level army brass frequently unusual names omar bradley dwight eisenhower high frequencies unique odd names survey north carolina high school students boys girls unusual names earned fair share academic achievements zweigenhaft study personality differences found common unusual names women unusual names scored optimally counterparts common names personality scales california psychological inventory zweigenhaft al zweigenhaft group found differences personality students common names students sexually ambiguous ronnie leslie misleading boys named marion robin names study found college women masculine names dean randy anxious culturally sophisticated greater leadership potential women masculine names chose feminine nicknames ellington al women masculine names showed signs maladjustment failure masculine linked greater anxiety suggests general feelings fear rejection values involve importance place objects things re hot air conditioning pizza love money money love
cases genetic females born masculinized external sex organs nora designated male raised boy acquired gender identity assigned sex important gender assignments early children born problem children develop fixed sense male female birthday child raised sex subsequent attempts sexual reassignment compound problems lead poor adjustment green problems encountered nora edward rare raise questions address chapter explore means female male society discussing stereotypical feminine masculine sex roles stereotypes strong silent male passive dependent female pose adjustment problems stereotypes lead sexism form prejudice creates set problems especially women choose compete review research cognitive personality differences women conclude small sex differencs exist present major problems adjustment explore development gender identity processes develop traits behaviors society deems consistent gender identities finally examine recently developed concept study sex roles psychological androgyny physical androgyny possession sex organ sexes poses adjustment problems corrected medically early age psychological androgyny promote ratherthan hamper adjustment placing wider range traits adjustment strategies disposal individual
woman acts adult mentally unhealthy false course study uncovered prejudices mental health professionals effect healthy adult women expected behave differently healthy adult males healthy adults general essay written woman poorer quality essay written essay false studies sexism revealed essay rated poorer quality authorship attributed woman aggressive women true sense generally behave aggressively women assume difference inborn experiments show women behave aggressively provoked believe social setting tolerate aggression greater mathematical spatial relations abilities women true sex differences cognitive functioning small women talkative false despite stereotype women chatterboxes laboratory observations shown talking interrupt frequently women women prefer sit friends prefer sit true likely women socialized adopting confrontational stance feel natural facing companions women fear success business compromise femininity overstatement especially true women past decades feared getting ahead business apparently success perceived compromising femininity
ago single meant married today young longer view singlehood merely stage view alternative open ended lifestyle event million adult americans single single singles scene singlehood highly varied intention style daily sure mean singles bars string night affairs singles apartment complexes permit nude sunbathing swimming children married couples allowed thank single limit sex affectionate relationships partners known simply delaying marriage find ms stein achieve emotional psychological security network intimate relationships friends called swinging singles want trapped single partner fear boredom obstacles mobility development sexual frustration stein opt dating sex partners sake sexual stimulation personal growth attained meeting maintenance independence freedom single find singlehood free complain employers workers view skepticism reluctant place positions trust families selfish failures sexually loose single women complain entered middle twenties willing accept end date
married involved affairs reasons break routine confining marriage ellis prove attractive mccranie express hostility mate prosen martin sexual revolution changed attitudes extramarital sex majority americans disapprove eighty percent hunt subjects percent respondents survey ladies home journal readers schultz affairs liberal respondents redbook survey tavris sadd reported percent incidence affairs redbook survey found significant link status affairs twenty percent working women age group affairs traditionalists seize statistic reason wives stay home working likely prone affairs househusbands accept finding reason remain home swinging comarital sex husband wife participate jointly extramarital encounters couple swinging parties despite capacity headlines swinging rare percent hunt couples swung study gilmartin found swingers affluent motivated sexual novelty bartell found swingers preserved marital stability prohibiting emotional involvement swinging partners interestingly hunt found affairs found sex mates pleasurable sex lovers marital partners lose bit novelty likely strangers mates sexual needs anxiety guilt inhibit human sexual response
sex therapy problems achieving erection women trouble lubricated learn need sexually excited need receive sexual stimulation relaxed circumstances anxiety inhibit natural reflexes order reduce performance anxiety partners engage contacts demand erection lubrication sensate focus exercises massage touching genitals partner learns pleasure pleasured receiving giving verbal instructions guiding hands communication skills sexual skills acquired couple sessions sensate focus extends genitals person achieves sexual excitement couple immediately attempt coitus recreate performance anxiety excitement attained reliably couple engages graduated series sexual activities culminating intercourse masters johnson report technique resulted reversal inhibited sexual excitement percent couples treated noted masters johnson criticized evaluation effectiveness treatments shortcomings include failure operationally define degrees improvement clients inadequate follow treated clients determine treatment reversals remain reversed adams zilbergeld evans sensate focus exercises treatment premature ejaculation couples learn give receive pleasure relaxed sexually demanding circumstances couple ready begin sexual interaction masters johnson teach squeeze technique tip penis squeezed feels ejaculate
tired uptight learn hang loose progressive relaxation quiet internal alarm tensing relaxing muscle groups body practiced alternate tensing relaxing couple weeks switch relaxing muscles relax create conducive setting settle reclining chair couch bed pillow pick place re likely interrupted sure room warm comfortable dim lights loosen tight clothing instructions tighten muscle group thirds hard maximum strength feel muscle spasm tensing hard let tensions completely instructions memorized slight variations text harm tape recorded read aloud friend advantage read signal person speed slow say lifting fingers settle comfortably let relax ability relax clench fist clench fist tighter tighter study tension clenched feel tension fist hand forearm relax let fingers hand loose observe contrast feelings let try relaxed clench fist tight hold notice tension
herman melville moby dick character ishmael describes depression damp drizzly november soul noted chapter depression characterized inactiviy feelings sadness beliefs unworthy possess low efficacy helpless change situations feelings ishmael felt depressed cope directly actively changing environment place aboard ship lusty crew myriad chores need carried tolerate tearful withdrawal placing environment incompatible inactivity feelings depression ishmael control strategy stimulus control section discuss direct active methods coping depression feel situations fit pictures major depressive episode bipolar disorder chapter advised talk problems instructors helping professional strategies cope lingering feelings depression accompany pressure losses failures include pleasant events modifying depressing thoughts discuss problem suicide sad say number resort suicide adjustment strategies fail becky romance recently disintegrated low ebb weepy withdrawn depression emotional response loss weeks moping becky friends concerned argument finally prevailed accompany rock concert took becky break free ruminations begin focus music electricity crowd becky found clapping shouting friends
irrational thoughts happen stuck learn exert control thoughts exert deal control feelings feelings anxiety depression anger strenuous continuous exercise sort increases capacity cardiovascular system improve mood university kansas study group depressed women attended weekly classes danced jogged ran continued exercises classroom ten weeks women showed fewer symptoms depression women practiced progressive relaxation treatment mccann holmes humans social creatures social interactions important nonassertive behavior patterns measured scores rathus assertiveness schedule chapter linked feelings depression gotlib training social skills hand shown alleviate feelings depression hersen al training assertiveness social skills guides effective interactions families friends workers strangers reduces major source stress provide major source pleasure chapter noted number ways readers effective attempts establish rewarding intimate relationships chapter suggest ways readers socially effective demanding rights expressing genuine feelings turn attention distressing topic overlooked touches lives committed suicide
alcohol stir sexual appetite provoke lechery inhibit sexual response performance sixty percent respondents psychology today poll wrote alcohol increased sexual pleasure women reporting effect frequently athanasiou al believe alcohol enhance influence sexual arousal wilson al studies response sexually explicit films suggest believe drunk alcohol show increases sexual response measured size erection subjective feelings arousal actually drunk alcohol knowing show decreased sexual response briddell wilson studies madepossible fact vodka tasted mixed tonic water subjects deceived believing drunk vodka actually vice versa research shows alchohol decreased women sexual response explicit films measured vaginal blood pressure wilson lawson expectations alcohol actual effects differ markedly feel sexy drinks expect feel sexy alcohol stimulates sexual response drink encourage dates drink order lower inhibitions evidence alcohol directly reduces feelings guilt experiments vodka tonic water believed drunk alcohol spent significantly looking sexually explicit pictures believed drunk alcohol lang al lansky wilson
react neighbor stereo loud airplane screeches low overhead instructor scratches chalk blackboard find loud noises aversive decibel db unit expresses loudness noises figure hearing threshold rated db hushed tones school library register db rapid transit trains york city expose hundreds thousands residents db living floor apartments los freeways exposed db levels baloff disconcerting persistent exposure db levels hours impair hearing discotheque rocks db find db painfully loud db rupture eardrums high levels noise lead increases blood pressure cohen al neurological gastrointestinal disorders national academy sciences assortment stress related illnesses ulcers colligan murphy doring al noisy surroundings midtown area heavy traffic concerned distress inclined offer help bell doyle matthews canon high noise levels impair learning problem city children york city apartment complex sits atop busy highway leading george washington bridge children lower floors complex exposed highest noise levels show poorer hearing discrimination ability impairs language learning read lower levels children live upper floors cohen al
america shocked murder kitty genovese york city murder unheard big city kitty screamed help killer stabbed repeatedly nearly neighborshad heard commotion watched helped factors determine aid trouble large likely help mood manucia al rosenhan al help feeling miserable problems serve heighten empathy sensitivity plights batson al thompson al believe helping elevate mood manucia al high need approval help order earn approval observers satow conversely fear making social blunder looking foolish inhibits helping behavior stimulation big city fear don fully understand situation child requesting help fear making error inhibit offering help believe deserve rationalize helping thinking person trouble trouble deserved lerner al noted city dwellers highly cautious vigilant believe behave cautiously trouble deserve misfortune sense personal responsibility increases likelihood helping personal responsibility stem making verbal commitment help designated responsible helping maruyama al
peter air traffic controller paid lovely family waiting home unfortunately family constantly overtime trained air traffic controllers job longer hours heavier air traffic taking toll stomach feels tied knots sure ulcer melanie passenger flight bahamas going attend business meeting nassau wined dined trying solicit business company mood actually miserable melanie terrified flying clenches fourth glass bourbon literally dizzy fear month job required agonizing flight desperately wants quit job afford harold passenger flight nassau unlike melanie giddy expectant mood going known resort spa promises abundance sunshine sand casual sex buoyant optimism temporarily dulls feelings despair devoured months extremely depressed demise love affair high hopes burned relationships times beginning wonder find satisfactory love enthusiastic trip moment deeper reaches consciousness aware excursion disappointment
study spent reading absorbing information efforts active engage passive reading information pass students delude thinking studying textbooks coloring books pastel felt tip pen run sentences selectivity pretend constitutes studying underlining text discriminating manner number ways actively attacking reading assignments worthwhile techniques robinson method step procedure promote effective reading studying abbreviation steps procedure plunge actual reading glance topic headings chapter try general overview material try understand chapter segments related outline summary consult general feel chapter need chapter going order appreciate organize information read overview re going tackle chapter section look heading section convert question simple heading sources stress question sources stress heading stereotyping question stereotyping asking questions actively involved reading
operant conditioning deals voluntary responses appears govern greater share human behavior respondent conditioning course behavior simultaneously regulated case distinguishing feature operant behavior controlled primarily consequences turn discussion consequences regulate behavior positive reinforcer defined event serves increase strength tendency repeat response virtue presentation response roughly synonymous concept reward notice reinforcement defined fact terms effect behavior reinforcement subjective event reinforcing person approval peers potent reinforcer minority indifferent approval principle positive reinforcement influence personality development straightforward responses produce positive reinforcement strengthened tend habitual patterns behavior youngster clown class gain appreciative comments smiles schoolmates social approval reinforce clowning behavior gradually integral element youth personality similarly youngster independent assertive hard working depends child reinforced behaviors parents influential persons course response tendency shaped positive reinforcement situationally specific instance young girl reinforcement history lead assertive school nonassertive home
let trip period ago dawn today choose call civilization imagine re part small tribe derives subsistence primitive hunting gathering techniques midday briefly halted foraging activities rest wooded hillside relaxation abruptly interrupted hear movement underbrush nearby hand reaches knife muscles tense anticipation heartbeat quickens breathing rhythm pupils dilate vigilantly focus gaze threatening underbrush lurks mountain lion wild boar warrior enemy tribe merely harmless animal glance consider escape routes prepared fight flight fortunately harmless looking goat emerges shrubs takes look scampers opposite direction breathe sigh relief muscles relax racing heart slows trot threat passed stress let return today modern civilized re car heading home expressway traffic barely moving radio report traffic jam going worse groan audibly worker riding blood pressure escalates moronic motorist nearly takes fender trying cut lane pulse quickens shout insults hear ponder marketing projections home evening able finish
determined dig early grave precisely things warned bad health consume liquor aware corroding liver eat wrong foods risk heart attack behavior downright destructive measurable personality trait related variety potentially harmful behaviors ranging driving recklessly reflected traffic tickets postponing important medical tests puzzling frequently behave destructive ways health impairing habits creep slowly involve habits initially essentially harmless gradually problematic extreme additionaly appears tendency unrealistically underestimate risks health impairing habits viewing risks destructive behaviors accurately weinstein words tend aware dangers habits engage denial apply information section discuss genesis health impairing habits focus specifically smoking eating poor nutritional patterns lack exercise poor sleep habits smoking tobacco widespread culture current consumption running cigarettes adult united states statistical evidence clearly smokers face greater risk premature death nonsmokers hammon horn male smokes packs confront estimated expectancy shorter similar aged nonsmoker
drugs similar subjective effects display cross tolerance means produces tolerance effect vary tremendously potency estimated lsd times potent mescaline times potent psilocybin means lsd works doses smaller drugs fact lsd works incredibly minuscule doses drugs exert effects modifying neural transmission brain drugs discussed collectively similarity mescaline psilocybin sold street lsd anyway study conducted university maryland schoolof pharmacy dusek girdano samples mescaline purchased street actually contained mescaline samples actually contained lsd found true psilocybin substitution lsd drugs lsd easier synthesize chemist tell difference ingested orally tablets capsules forms drugs operative hours depending dose psilocybin shorter acting operation paradoxical produce spectacular psychological effects causing meager insignificant physical effects lsd instance slight impact heart rate blood pressure body temperature pupillary dilation psychological effects hallucinogens departure norm difficult describe perception intensified altered qualitatively visual perception colors radiant scenes beautiful objects change shape components intricate patterns move
ready shift gears move perception perceive main issue inaccurately mistakes person perception common study kremers subjects judged highly accurate perceptions focus issue believe effective interpersonal relations facilitated accuracy social perception aware sources error person perception help improve accuracy social perception mentioned obvious source error pervasive tendency create false impressions clear efforts impression management give erroneous pictures section review perceptual tendencies lead create inaccurate pictures regularly draw inferences personality behavior physical appearance unfortunately basis fact conclusions draw focus physical appearance sways judgements ways unfair person involved influential aspect physical appearance person attractiveness plenty evidence attribute desirable characteristics looking dion berscheid walster found believe attractive especially sensitive assume lead interesting lives believe beautiful intelligent clifford walster pleasant adams huston essays allegedly written attractive women rated higher supposedly written unattractive women landy sigall suggesting link looks competence
nonverbal communication culture bound language nonverbal signals cultures hall instance americans northern european heritage tend engage physical contact greater distance latin middle eastern heritage englishman upset meaning brazilian trespasses personal space cultural differences dramatic tibet greet friends sticking tongue ekman nonverbal communication contradict seen proclaim angry bodies clearly convey positively furious known verbal nonverbal messages inconsistent confronted inconsistency believe absolute rules re betting nonverbal signals greater spontaneity evidence indicating deception instructed tell lie readily detected nonverbal channel communication depaulo lanier davis line finding research tend give credence nonverbal cues inconsistency verbal nonverbal messages studies ekman friesen suggest pay attention lower part body ekman friesen found subjects tried deceive successful controlling head face trunk legs apparently deceitful concerned giving eye facial signals neglect control shuffling feet nervously tapping fingers
considerable number studies supported jourard findings sex differences widely accepted open women contradictory evidence appears situations prone discipline women evidence rosenfeld civikly herron dealing strangers opposed friends males tend females appears oversimplification say women open obviously willing open readily topics jourard noted likely discuss hobbies interests political attitudes sex financial affairs altman taylor point quickly give biographical information live age education understandably reluctant divulge fears insecurities job assert generally willing reveal socially desirable things membership jaycees tend reticent socially undesirable things history convictions tax evasion crucial factor disclosure target person receive information skilled getting open engage disclosure sociability esteem empahtthy lack shyness ability elicit disclosure miller berg archer trend favor disclosing readily females males moderated nature topic cunningham expect tend disclose taylor altman sorrentino jourard landsman
theories development stage theories theories propose evolve series stages predictable orderly sequence stage period critical experiences dealt characteristic patterns behavior exhibited stage theories focus universals developmental process discontinuities stages transitions facilitate movement stage encountered stage theory chapter sigmund freud notions psychosexual development stage theories criticized quarters built assumptions open question theories generally assume progress stages order stage builds accomplishments previous stage progress orderly sequence strongly universally related age transitions stage involve fundamental discontinuities behavior considerable evidence human developmental patterns coincide assumptions goodman feldman lacy hendricks instance clear display mixed bag behaviors characteristic stages development blending stages violates assumption fundamental discontinuities stages main problem stage theories fail adequately consider account individual differences develop pace troll reviews factors sex social class ethnic background personal experience promote variability developmental patterns chronological age modestly related developmental status adulthood stage theories troubled questionable assumptions inadequate attention individual differences influential theories adult development continue stage construct concept descriptive utility
pressure vocational decision begins intensify progresses high school pressure parents teachers peers leads think narrowing range career possibilities typically tentative commitment occupational area steps pursue career goals involve going kind apprentice pursuing major college matter studying working person tries real taste projected occupational area key transitions part stage involve realistic vocational opportunities beginning test options part exploration stage typically encompasses early twenties person attempts achieve full entry typically involves finishing training securing crucial job challenge conquer insecurity inexperience developing sense confidence learning perform effectively occupational role fully moved adult phase tentatively committed chosen occupational area initial experiences gratifying commitment strengthened initiation rewarding shift occupational area continue process exploration frequently encountered problem stage entry level blues find job letdown disappointment function considerations professions companies tend intentionally distort nature occupational area try create favorable picture order recruit talented creating unrealistic expectations
development refers age related behavior recent social scientists begun study development adult models adult development adulthood leads obvious physical appearance sensory acuity age steady loss active brain cells loss clearly related reductions cognitive functioning similarly endocrine occur modestly related midlife distress declining sexual activity later unfortunately health tend decline increasing age variety reasons intelligence remain fairly steady adulthood memory retrieval attentional capacity speed learning success problem solving tend decline age remain capable sound intellectual functioning personality concerned stability outweigh change adulthood erikson psychoanalytic theory development focuses psychosocial crises dealt successive stages crises center transitions social relations successful navigation adult stages erikson model leads clear sense identity capable intimacy concerned future generations face death integrity building erikson model havighurst proposes developmental tasks mastered stage research gould levinson led emergence influential theories adult development gould theory emphasizes false assumptions wrestled levinson focuses age related structure models identical congruent themes propose major transitions age age age
transference develops clients start relating therapist ways mimic important relationships lives client start behaving therapist therapist parent lover transference emerges client free associations drift interest therapist personal therapist handling transference feelings complicated difficult important idea transference relationship model client relates crucial endeavor help client gain critical insights give client opportunity develop modes relating critical process psychoanalysis interpretation material presented therapist provide interpretation occasionally analyst suggestions meaning kinds information therapist suggest client unwillingness discuss feelings mother significant therapist point client type defense mechanism interpretations involve confronting clients ideas contrary popular belief interpretations constitute devastating revelations client interpretation ongoing process psychoanalysis moves forward slowly bit bit analyst tries move quickly deeply interpretation client overwhelmed reject idea important therapist move forward slowly offering interpretations client reach ultimate goal interpretaions help client gradually gain insight nature unconscious conflicts defenses
recall chapter token economy system doling symbolic reinforcers subsequently traded real positive reinforcers token economy effective modification efforts proved worthwhile management institutionalized paul lentz programs widely atthowe common significant problem chronic psychiatric patients tend apathetic listless makes chronic psychiatric ward difficult run efficiently antagonistic patients ultimate recovery apathy successfully counteracted designed token economy systems token economies institutional residents rewarded things taking care personal hygiene cleaning rooms helping ward maintenance treating respectfully cooperating hospital personnel severely disturbed persons respond token economy interventions recent behavior therapists focused clients thought processes cognitions borrowing albert ellis rational emotive therapy emerged humanistic orientation recognized clients belief systems crucial determinants maladaptive behavior cognitive restructuring beck meichenbaum therapists try change clients think important things specifically change clients talk essentially therapist helps clients identify defeating statements prone confronting challenges exams social interactions job interviews therapist helps clients modify talk promote adaptive behavior therapist varity strategies endeavor unique cognitive restructuring target behavior modified cognitive restructuring behavioral target covert verbalizations
hypnosis checkered history began century austrian physician anton mesmer practicing paris claimed effect cures maladies harnessing animal magnetism attained considerable popularity local authorities ran town grounds hoax officially discredited practitioners mesmerism persisted plying trade eventually scottish physician james braid interested trancelike induced mesmerists didn buy magnetism theory mesmerism thought trance accomplish anesthesia surgery braid renamed phenomenon hypnotism borrowing greek word sleep modest bit scientific credibility hypnotism gained acceptance medical profession catching technique inducing general anesthesia reliable chemical anesthetics discovered interest dwindled hypnotism led curious dual existence hand subject numerous scientific studies intellectual giants fields psychology medicine including sigmund freud clark hull ernest hilgard enjoyed considerable clinical tool physicians dentists psychologists psychologists instance recent survey hypnotic techniques point career kraft rodolfa assortment entertainers quacks continued tradition mesmer hypnotism parlor tricks charlatanism general public understandably confused try clear confusion section virtually seen hypnotic induction enacted infamous swinging pendulum
beth fourth chemistry major accepted medical school boston wants cancer research goal means grindstone kevin fiance landed solid engineering position silicon valley california wants beth start family medical school california beth applied medical school california sure bet surrenders educational opportunity demand kevin accompany boston offered golden opportunity relationship falters resentment children want hand stranger school safely put childbearing kid biological clock ticking won finished graduate training assuming goes medical school children threatens prevent getting established career beth accepted medical school shouldn happy john business student business reads wall street journal business pages york times dedicated books invests energy trying construct solid academic record career foot wonders bothers knows tests
united states stretches vast ocean ocean nation independent resources infinite constructed industrial plant unmatched history civilization midwest food factory shadows creep fruited plains land plenty today import large amount petroleum nations unstable political structures don natural gas lies land shores coal meet fuel needs needed burning large quantities coal raises environmental problems acid rain called hothouse effect burning fossil fuels eventually raise earth temperature degrees resultant melting polar icecaps flood coastal cities import majority strategic metals problems international relations today impair manufacture materials machines goods tomorrow recent remarkable strides improving quality air industrial wastes threaten land water hazardous toxic wastes entered american consciousness today challenges affect americans future generations concerns issue open public lands exploration fuel metals preserve bits pieces wilderness remain littlest things pathogens deadly incurable frightening sexually transmitted diseases earlier gonorrhea syphilis today treated successfully antibiotics
number behavior patterns part reflect genetic factors special interest psychology adjustment consider examples apparently inheritable predispositions problems anxiety inherit nervous systems readily aroused place greater risk turner recent research tightly knit amish community pennsylvania egeland al suggests gene chromosome places half members extended family risk bipolar disorder psychological disorder characterized mood swings elation severe depression later chapters explore roles heredity obesity vulnerability alcoholism children alcoholics sensitive alcohol making difficult stop drinking schuckt percent asians protected alcoholism responding alcohol reddened face headaches nausea gene pinpointed instructs body cells produce enzyme fails metabolize alcohol properly asians allowing aversive alcohol product acetaldehyde build bodies monmaney al health psychologists recognize family history places individuals higher risk physical disorders heart attacks cancer researchers seeking genetic factors vulnerability aids virus form inherited proteins help resist infection slow progress aids findings date inconsistent altman flip side coin genetic factors contribute personal strengths
actually despite robert burns poetry largely esteem appears begin parental love approval children loved cherished parents worthy love likely learn love accept coopersmith studies esteem patterns sixth grade boys found boys high esteem homes strict harsh cruel parents parents highly involved sons activities parents boys low esteem generally permissive tended harsh administer discipline boys higher esteem parents demanding involved lives involvement communicates worthiness encouragement children develop competence contributes esteem expression love caring resultant behavioral competencies intellectual tasks flippo lewinsohn physical activities swimming koocher heightens esteem esteem established endure coopersmith found high similarities subjects esteem intervals fail endeavors esteem initially high retain belief ability master adversity low esteem fulfilling prophecy low esteem carve boast noted earlier concepts according perceptions positions dimensions shown figure esteem tends depend approval positioning
reluctant wear blue jeans funeral walk naked city streets matter wear clothes nudist colony groups exert enormous pressure behave according wishes according group norms social influence area social psychology studies ways alter thoughts feelings behavior chapter saw attribute behavior internal dispositional factors external situational factors chapter elaborate situational factors affect behavior influences explore fascinating topics power tv commercials persuade buy possibility pressured things repugnant coerced things contradict values actually values case patty hearst chapter offers warning finally suggest prevent unduly pressured adoption assertive behavior assertive behavior express genuine feeling say unreasonable requests assertive behavior multifaceted help avert unwanted demands helps express positive feelings appreciation liking love quick insight topic persuasion let history jonathon edwards puritan minister delivered famous sermon sinners hands angry god connecticut congregation
patty hearst obeyed sla feared desire ingratiate threatening captors understandable questions remain unanswered concerning exact nature conversion ego identity let explore phenomenon obedience detail happen aspects human nature equally disturbing tendency obey immoral commands authority figures danger richard nixon resigned presidency united states august business nation ground halt congress investigated burglary democratic party campaign office watergate office apartment complex turned nixon supporters authorized break nixon involved cover connection later nixon aides investigated press congress bad guys thrown jail nixon exiled beaches southern california nation returned president gerald ford declared national nightmare grips implications watergate affair according stanley milgram apa monitor january prominent yale university psychologist watergate cover nazi slaughter jews compliance concerned approval supervisors morality refused abet crimes broad questions pressing need obey authority figures costs ensure follow dictates consciences immoral commands authority figures
health psychologists found patients likely comply medical instructions illness severe becker maiman believe instructions women likely engage breast examination believe able detect abnormal growths alagna reddy diabetes patients likely insulin regularly control blood sugar levels believe regimens help brownlee al physicians prescribe drugs treatment regimens explaining patients purposes treatments complications approach backfire comes taking prescribed drugs patients frequently tend incorrectly hayes al patients likely discontinue medications encounter side effects especially unexpected specific instructions coupled accurate information potential side effects inducing compliance baron byrne keown al cultural factors involved compliance shown hispanic americans likely comply medical instructions issued personnel understanding hispanic american culture study zimbabwe africa points comply medical regimens belief non scientific traditional methods healing areas social support help fostering compliance medical instructions procedures study found spouses supportive likely supportive spouses nutritional activity patterns effort avert cardiovascular disorders doherty al
celebrated case subject film faces eve timid housewife named eve white harbored personalities eve black sexually aggressive antisocial personality jane emerging personality able accept existence primitive impulses show socially behavior figure finally faces merged jane ironnally jane chris sizemore real reportedly split personalities later publicized case sybil woman personalities played sally field recent film depersonalization persistent feeling real persons disorder feel detached bodies observing thought processes feel functioning automatic pilot dream according psychoanalytic theory dissociative disorders involve massive repression prevent recognition unacceptable impulses psychogenic amnesia fugue person forgets profoundly disturbing event impulse multiple personality express unacceptable impulses alternate personalities depersonalization person stands removed turmoil social learning theorists generally regard dissociative disorders conditions learn think disturbing acts impulses order avoid feelings guilt shame technically speaking thinking matters reinforced removal aversive stimuli guilt shame social learning theory suggests role play multiple personality observational learning exactly thing faking disorder forget tell assumed role
catatonic schizophrenics show striking impairments motor activity impairment characterized slowing activity stupor change suddenly agitated phase catatonic individuals hold unusual difficult postures hours limbs grow swollen stiff striking symptom waxy flexibility maintain positions manipulated catatonic individuals show mutism afterward report heard saying paranoid schizophrenics systematized delusions frequently related auditory hallucinations american psychiatric association show delusions grandeur persecution show delusion jealousy believe spouse lover unfaithful show agitation confusion fear experience vivid hallucinations consistent delusions paranoid schizophrenic constructs complex systematized delusion involving themes wrongdoing persecution rarely related diagnostic category paranoia delusional paranoid disorders according dsm iii receive diagnosis show permanent unshakable delusional system bizarreness typical schizophrenia persons disorder show confused jumbled thinking suggestive schizophrenia hallucinations present prominent daily functioning paranoia cases paranoid schizophrenia minimally impaired impaired person act basis delusions psychologists investigated factors contribute schizophrenia according psychodynamic model schizophrenia overwhelming ego sexual aggressive impulses id impulses threaten ego intense intrapsychic conflict
section discuss methods coping inactivity feelings sadness cognitive distortions characterize depression feel situations fit picture major depressive episode bipolar disorder chapter advised talk problems instructors helping professional strategies cope lingering feelings depression accompany losses failures persistent pressures include pleasant events modifying depressing thoughts exercise assertive behavior becky romance recently disintegrated low ebb weepy withdrawn depression emotional response loss weeks moping becky friends concerned argument finally prevailed accompany rock concert took becky break free ruminations begin focus music electricity crowd becky found clapping shouting friends depressive feelings return morning becky thought expect depressed underneath becky thoughts understandable irrational feel sad romance ended weeks passed belief sadness emotion feel irrational believe feelings subject whims elevate mood love shambles becky rock concert incompatible depression listen punk rock group naked dead remain miserable
depressed tend excessive needs social approval perfectionistic demands vestre tend blame failures problems fault internalize blame problems stable global impossible change depressed cognitive errors tending catastrophize problems minimize accomplishments beck consider table column illustrates number irrational depressing thoughts column type cognitive error internalizing catastrophizing column shows examples rational depressing alternatives pinpoint irrational depressing thoughts focusing thinking feel low try pay attention rapid fleeting thoughts trigger mood helps jot negative thoughts challenge accuracy characterize difficult situations impossible hopeless expect minimize achievements internalize fair share blame guidelines table classify cognitive errors table guide constructing rational alternatives depressing thoughts jot rational alternatives irrational thought review read irrational thought aloud follow saying firmly irrational read aloud rational alternative emphatically thought read aloud rational alternative think say things makes bit sense accurate view things feel things proper perspective
early childhood utter dependency adults elementary school high school re developing plans career thinking marriage family maybe part early career laid maybe re involved enduring intimate relationship marriage going happen journey adult going progress smoothly course typical experiences olds think middle late adulthood impossible imagine arrive alternative let hope hold fears negative stereotypes let hope chapter help replace prejudices accurate information positive expectations authors admit fully foresee noted chapter occurring accelerating paces homes lives bear resemblance today psychologists recent enormous strides cataloguing accounting psychological undergo travel young middle late adulthood found unique individuals number common experiences common experiences beneficial allow predictive power concerning futures
baumrind found types parents permissive opposed restrictive labeled type permissive nonconformist permissive parents label suggests rated low attempts control children demands mature bahavior brand permissiveness tended cluster high nurturance warmth support poor communication ability children short loved accepted parents understand pretty wished nonconformist parents permissive ways parents baumrind labeled permissive tended disorganized easy going nonconformist parents contrast intellectually committed allowing children freedom develop abilities points view nonconformist parents actually high expectations children communicated permissive parents contrast involved surprising children permissive nonconformist parents show major differences large children permissive parents responsible mature frequently impulsive moody aggressive infants insecure relationships parents egeland sroufe adolescence lack parental monitoring linked delinquency poor academic performance loeb al martin patterson pulkkinen sons nonconformist parents show deal indepedence high achievement orientation according baumrind daughters nonconformist parents similar authoritarian permissive parents ambition withdrawn dependent loss account difference
children divorce live mothers fathers tend visit regularly children grow large degree fathers effects father absence felt boys girls especially father absent boy hetherington deur huston individual differences boys absent fathers show fewer sex typed masculine interests greater dependence feminine pattern intellectual skills greater verbal skills math ability cited study mavis hetherington shows teenage daughters divorced parents respond fathers absence hetherington sample consisted twelve girls parents divorced twelve girls fathers died twelve girls families intact compared girls battery personality tests interviews behavioral observations recreation center interviews behavioral observations included measures body language close girl chose sit interviewer turned interviewer legs open crossed groups father absent girls showed higher anxiety levels girls intact homes differences personality tests groups father absent girls reported feelings insecurity male peers adults reported low levels esteem compared girls intact homes despite insecurity girls parents divorced reported higher levels heterosexual activity groups girls mothers widowed reported heterosexual contact
half today mothers spend job figure includes percent mothers children klein ideals women movement financial pressures likely increase number ago residents mobile extended family young children working parents frequently farmed relatives today care entrusted care centers million preschool children care centers parents express concerns happens survey percent working mothers reported worrying children care increased stress level trost fifty percent parents reported difficulty arranging quality care percent complained costs care excessive percent problems location hours care centers mother considered quitting jobs stresses parents want care centers provide basics food warmth security want centers provide children intellectual stimulation variety toys games successful peer interactions experience relating adults family effects care parent child bonds attachment children social development factors contribute positive care experience parents wonder care affect children feelings attachment child spending hours vulnerable age periods needs met outsiders money parents prefer care children personally
ago california taxpayers decided counties cities spending money believed reduce spending give money place howard jarvis paul gann drew proposal reduce taxes interest shown proposal jarvis gann began circulate petition proposal california voters action draw attention proposal jarvis gann spoke voters advertised radio began favor plan raised objections achieve purpose cutting taxes spending tax savings rich losses services suffered poor weeks jarvis gann signatures petition needed proposal ballots proposition legislature took action fend sweeping tax reduction proposed legislature milder proposal cut taxes ballot proposition numbers assigned according order proposals ballot california voters choice percent voted proposition bad jarvis gann proposal effect month later jarvis gann opposed plan voters favored lawmakers taking political action politics defined struggle
imagine moment starting club organize eligible membership rules govern meetings goals set questions basic considered early settlers let look pilgrims england mayflower decide government colony pilgrims small group puritans want belong church england pay taxes support pilgrims called separatists wanted break separate church england tried moving netherlands church pilgrims remained country descendants live today pilgrims important live english decided america create england obtained grant allowing settle london company territory called virginia south hudson river company counted making profits trade english colonies pilgrims set virginia ship blown north cape cod gale winds pilgrims rules governing land step according locke hobbes rousseau situations social contract pilgrims ship drew contract agreed bound document called mayflower compact pilgrims ship modernized version mayflower compact god amen
major compromise balanced sectional interests commerce slave trade commerce word trade place single intrastate commerce states interstate commerce place country country foreign trade agreed states retain control intrastate commerce question deal interstate commerce foreign trade northern delegates wanted federal government full power interstate commerce foreign trade southern delegates southerners feared thing federal government decide end slave trade feared business interests north votes enter treaties agreements countries hurt south farmers compromise worked federal government power regulate interstate commerce foreign trade congress allowed abolish slave trade treaty foreign country need approval thirds senate effect finally delegates completed bundle compromises september agreed general principles details constitution signed document farewell dinner philadelphia city tavern headed home earned title founders nation constitution united states included principles basic system government founders drawn principles sources political heritage important person law
forty electors electors senators representatives congress electors including district columbia electors known electoral college electors cast ballots president vice president december electoral ballots washington formal count early january certified joint session congress properly speaking point president actually elected reality nation knows president late election night november candidate wins majority electoral college votes happened happen house representatives elects president top candidates delegation house vote fifty votes twenty needed elect president president takes office january congress sets amount president compensation george washington received salary huge sum took office presidents salaries nowadays president receives salary official expenses entertainment travel congress seen needs presidents providing lifetime pension receive free mailing privileges free office space office help president surviving spouse entitled pension
altogether department employs slightly lot compare number employees executive departments largest department defense employs million civilians addition million active military duty million reserves defense department receives bigger share federal budget department fourth total budget secretary defense civilian heads federal departments nation policy civilian control military civilians hold top positions major divisions defense department departments army navy air force headed secretary hold cabinet rank largest department defense department health education welfare hew employs carry known agency hew social security administration agency set administer large scale federal program social welfare social security program created deal president franklin roosevelt response hardship caused depression later program expanded meet needs social security administration charge medicare program helps older pay health care agencies hew public health service social rehabilitation service agency assistance needy blind disabled
congress decides salary paid federal judges lower judge salary judge term office federal judge removed impeachment judges impeached failing maintain behavior treason high crimes misdemeanors impeachments house representatives votes impeach senate conducts trial congress feels remove federal judge maintaining behavior show judge violated oath judge oath assuming office judge solemnly swear affirm administer justice respect persons equal poor rich faithfully impartially discharge perform duties incumbent position judge according abilities understanding agreeably constitution laws united states judge assisted fulfilling oath number aides closely federal judges clerks court reporters stenographers marshals branches judicial branch operates federal system checks balances seen senate act check president choice federal judge judges ruling constitutionality laws passed congress actions executive branch serve check branches finally impeachment power congress serves ultimate check judicial branch relationship judicial executive branches interesting federal officials bring cases court part executive branch judicial branch
income tax federal government biggest single source income nation difficulty financing growing federal government seventeenth amendment united states senators elected originally constitution provided senators elected legislatures article section feel method undemocratic amendment xvii changed rules voters direct voice choosing upper lower house congress eighteenth amendment prohibited manufacture sale transportation alcoholic beverages number called attention problems caused abuse alcoholic beverages succeeded getting amendment xviii added constitution began period known prohibition nation found prohibition stop drinking stop making selling beer wine whiskey class criminals called bootleggers rich selling illegal liquor bribing government officials eighteenth amendment canceled twenty amendment discussed later nineteenth amendment gave women vote women country sought margaret brent maryland house burgesses petition claiming votes landowner lawyer representing lord baltimore burgesses gave abigail adams raised issue women rights husband john adams declaration independence fourteenth amendment adopted struggle woman suffrage intensified
war congress passed sedition law banned disloyal profane scurrilous abusive language form government constitution soldiers sailors flag uniform armed forces supreme court held law constitutional court upheld punishment responsible leaflets opposed war intervention russia united states revolution war ii court beginning question restrictions imposed clear present danger rule stated justice oliver wendell holmes case schenck united states holmes person falsely crying fire crowded theater causing panic cry wrong circumstances wrong holmes freedom speech limited clear present danger obvious bring actions congress prevent holmes clear present danger rule general guideline cases involving freedom speech smith act unlawful advocate violent overthrow united states government knowlingly member group aim united states communist party supported passage smith act aimed nazis fascists eleven communist party leaders tried convicted act appealed ground law violated amendment rights supreme court upheld conviction dennis united states later case court guided clear present danger rule yates united states leaders communist party involved
federal government generally tried pacesetter employment practices pioneer giving special preferences military veterans civil war congress voted give extra points civil service examinations served armed forces policy continued percent federal jobs held veterans unforeseen side effect policy discrimination women veterans preferences tended favor women male veterans outnumber female veterans partly reason working federal jobs women recent federal government sought set private employers removing employment barriers women racial ethnic minorities handicapped saw chapter hired federal government executive branch civilian employment totaled judicial branch legislative branch executive branch noted numbers employees central intelligence agency national security agency part executive branch secret executive branch biggest employers defense department percent federal civilian employees postal service percent veterans administration percent federal civilian payroll risen rising amounts billion graph reasons average federal worker earns average worker nation built inflation partly responsible inflation built federal salaries congress passes cost living raises
government activities carried highly paid poorly paid bureaucrats keeps governmental machinery going volunteers especially local communities consider happens fire alarm sounds hometown illinois population soon alarm starts sound marlene swiney puts housework grabs gear knows neighbor watch children speed essence mrs swiney firehouse women join male firefighters answer alarm women town firefighting force daytime presence especially important male firefighters jobs fire chief richard christopher recruited women advertisement community weekly newspaper ten responded notice stayed days training says wear boots helmets bunker coats women average ambulance call fire call week fire calls overheated furnaces minor garage blazes calls major fires women children husbands volunteer firefighters husbands police officers enjoy duty says mrs swiney lot interesting satisfaction community course local governments paid employees local governments close
public authorities country set care housing urban redevelopment operate transit systems utility systems flood control facilities irrigation systems water supply sewer systems smaller scale run hospitals recreation areas public markets parking garages operates cemetery metropolitan areas neighboring communities cooperate voluntarily common problems large city agree provide fire protection small communities nearby governments involved sign formal written agreement cooperate informally local governments join regional council governments council takes action area wide problems promotes consultation local governments provide shared services federal governments encouraging formation councils operating federal aid local areas funneled organizations effort discourage duplication facilities minnesota pioneered formation regional councils government legislature created metropolitan council promote cooperation municipalities counties area twin cities minneapolis st paul members twin cities metropolitan council appointed governor council sets planning priorities coordinates regional service agencies controls budgets shopping center commercial development opens region percent additional tax income turned tax pool arrangement local governments share increased tax revenue resulting urban growth regional councils pave actual consolidation
lynn bureta delegates democratic national convention junior university wisconsin milwaukee diary describes convention experiences convention nominated senator george mcgovern south dakota later lost republican candidate richard nixon monday wisconsin delegation caucused hotel frankly boring housekeeping details guest passes bus services invited women caucus wasn interested issues pertain women part convention didn hit tonight convention hall saw thousands running started psych seen times television thought part sudden maybe bit afraid fellow delegate told expression face feel inside national anthem going mind older say young don care country wasn felt deep inside country lost find understood going leaders explained meant vote yes told vote gave advice knew governor patrick lucey section didn floor leader part job delegation
central feature free enterprise economic system private ownership means production economic term means production capital goods capital free enterprise system capitalism capital fairly simple concept consider situation farmer early nineteenth century farmer means production consisted land barn buildings animals simple tools farmer capital farmer capital produce goods direct consumption foods meat milk grains fibers wool cotton leather foods fibers leather consumed classified consumer goods contrast capital consumed directly produce farm animals classified capital produce meat milk leather industry grew variety amount capital factories built produce consumer goods complicated tools equipment mines dug obtain coal iron ore fuels ores needed manufacturing railroads built carry raw materials factories finished goods farms factories point sale factories mines railroads added nation capital goods capital free enterprise capitalist system country capital owned private individuals companies private ownership means production sets capitalism socialism communism economic systems based government ownership means production means production free enterprise system called capitalists
process taking private industry called nationalization democratic countries government pays owners property nationalized britain nationalized railroads paid stockholders going rate share stock countries government confiscates property takes paying adequate price nationalizing industries socialists seek change private businesses run seek legislation give workers consumers voice management decisions plan require company number employees allow employees appoint members company board directors additional seats board reserved representatives consumers stockholders appoint remaining members board free enterprise system laws austria belgium denmark netherlands norway sweden west germany provide form plan socialists maintain plans type help bring call industrial democracy socialist economy limits amount private enterprise depend free market determine prices free enterprise seen prices determined mainly law supply demand socialism government monopoly producing major goods services government control supply demand means determining prices found socialism depends central economic planning place free market government planners set prices prices socialist economy government command say set command market
economic systems answer basic questions goods services produced produce nation resources production process economy united states based free enterprise system capitalism economic systems modern socialism communism systems exists pure form free enterprise system centered private ownership business industry business owners investors motivated hope making profit early advocates free enterprise system believed minimum government interference economy policy laissez faire reached high point united states end federal government began action stop abuses free enterprise system today government plays important role economic united states economists describe present united states economy mixed economy based free enterprise businesses basic forms modern free enterprise system sole proprietorship partnership corporation major business enterprises united states today corporations socialist economic system devised europe mid plan correct evils industrial revolution socialists capitalism reformed replaced socialism places ownership basic means production hands public key industries nationalized socialism seeks wipe extremes poverty wealth government basic necessities free reduced charge socialist economy exist democracies dictatorships types governments
important thing remember studying civics simple simple forget surrounded depend depend try set account let say plan hike mountains home goal personal ability depends wilderness built farms vacation homes trail wilderness wilderness owned timber company put fence allowed area land national park hiking trails overcrowded ripped trail bikes littered candy wrappers area wilderness anymore involved want affected born touch lives affect affect think hike wilderness radio spoil peace quiet leave litter spoil natural beauty area effects buy hiking boots hiking
suburb urban area large city largely depends city jobs services suburbs share features large cities ways rural areas packed closely suburbs cities suburb likely major ethnic economic group likely neighbors personally recognize street suburbs depend police enforce social norms especially suburb large city united states lives rural area place fewer lives lives citydwellers homes spread scattered countryside side side towns villages tend similar backgrounds income range jobs limited neighbors social norms enforced informally risk gossip helps behave norms unruly child handled parents police united states lived rural areas nation grew moved cities cities grew trend taking place moving large cities suburbs population large cities declined areas cities called metropolitan areas continue grow change taking place united states founded lived eastern seaboard longer true
kind law europe societies europe organized layers ordinary bottom lived land owned large landowners lords effect lords government full power living lands armies war number lords armies fight service king lords supposed loyal king common supposed loyal lords fact lords held real power soldiers fight kings battles law gave special duties level society peasants number days lord fields return lord provide protection system law known feudal law put limits lord demand later times kings pulled separate parts kingdoms form nations idea limits power applied idea kings rule law important romans ruled england system laws took hold english put system laws part european law mentioned part older laws part england experiences early middle ages england system law jumble lord courts courts punishments harsh english kings slowly gained power took courts
seen want types bills passed normal term bills introduced impossible senator representative study bills handle large amount material senate house system committees committees small groups lawmakers congress turns bill introduced committee congress standing committees permanent committees standing committee deals range topics standing committee house spends foreign affairs similar committee senate standing committees study bills hold hearings conduct investigations headlines important number standing committees present twenty standing committees house eighteen senate fact block page shows names committees number members member house serve major committee important committee house committee rules rules committee decides bill considered full house importance rules committee comes fact say happens bill house
grow president united states statement shows belief democracy think equal chance country true president writers constitution try job put conditions constitution presidents vice presidents meet conditions president natural born citizen united states president president lived united states requirements walks met requirements jimmy carter peanut farmer governor dwight eisenhower general army president university herbert hoover engineer warren harding published newspaper backgrounds common things listed constitution meet standards president unwritten rules president presidents white christian say meets unwritten requirements elected president maybe remember unwritten rules change rule president protestant john kennedy roman catholic broke rule elected president civil war unwritten rule southerner elected president
president start summary latest news early morning family seeing rest event starts news president business informed going sound difficult actually difficult thing president information exact accurate humanly uncertain fighting country side earth matter expects president important happens president accurate information president wrong thing bringing trouble country president truth action basis rumors gossip guesses happens results terrible unfortunately president exact truth times hard truth event important opinions happened frequently twenty hundred wrong president choose opinion closely line known facts known facts president wrong decision
students appealed eighth circuit court appeals judges court listened arguments reach decision judges agreed students agreed school officials meant district court ruling remained effect students lost finally students asked supreme court hear case justices agreed felt questions raised case important protests vietnam war spread parts country schools colleges students violence making protests seized buildings destroyed property police violence return question public protests important lawyers sides appeared court statements points mentioned justices listened lawyers asked questions hearing justices studied case looked records lower courts records similar cases supreme court announced decision early students won vote majority minority court wrote opinions look opinions help court reaches decisions majority opinion based sources amendment heart case justice fortas agreed district court wearing armband pure speech protected amendment justice fortas referred number earlier supreme court cases
ordinance stated population territory large apply congress statehood step write constitution constitution follow guidelines violate federal constitution majority voters territory congress approve constitution steps completed congress vote admit territory method admitting thirty states vermont hawaii states join union today united states territory samoa guam virgin islands puerto rico apply statehood percent puerto rico voted favor applying statehood majority wanted present status large group puerto ricans want independence island vote territory approved constitution constitutions modeled united states constitution lengths vermont constitution shortest words makes longer chapter georgia constitution longest half million words times size textbook constitution tells government explains organization government lists government duties powers constitution outline local governments formed addition constitutions bill rights important part constitutions tells constitution changed
largest unit local government county county boundaries set living county reach county seat place government business carriage horeseback today alaska connecticut louisiana rhode island divided counties shape size texas largest number counties loving county los county california hand million counties urban rural counties cook county illinois large urban area city chicago located cook county fact united states live sixteen counties counties population states counties divided smaller units called towns townships type town found england early settlers built homes protection farmed surrounding land village area farm land known town towns begun colonial period basis government england townships found mid atlantic states midwestern states york jersey pennsylvania delaware townships grew colonial times england towns midwest townships set congress northwest ordinance ordinance divided northwest territory townships miles miles wide dividing land control land sales territory
constitution mention political parties fact founders united states thought need political parties group order follow common political interests fight adopt constitution divided groups liked constitution known federalists opposed called antifederalists division parts sets lasting pattern today division major political parties democratic party republican party political party system began shape wanted strong federal government formed federalist party leaders alexander hamilton john adams wanted limited federal government strong governments formed democratic republican party leaders thomas jefferson james madison democratic republican party changed democratic party leader andrew jackson president wanted democrats identified common party strength south west federalist party died place opponents jackson formed whig party included federalists democrats broken jackson leaders henry clay daniel webster whigs won presidential elections republican party formed quickly replaced whigs major political party republicans opposed spread slavery candidate abraham lincoln elected president democrats republicans major political parties united states
large sample pollsters claim accurate reading public opinion national sample persons say results correct percentage points suppose find percent sample holds opinion means percent public holds opinion pollsters base claims mathematical probability reasoning tells flip coin times heads tails equal proportions sampling errors potential problems polls think questions paragraphs questions poll phrased neutral manner answer receives question depends question put taxes cut receive answer taxes cut means cutback government services receive answer give answers think pollsters want opinions imagine pollster asking questions reading habits pollster young woman think affect answers receives question favor equal rights women polls merely measure public opinion shape imagine hard fought election race candidates argus barkley week election public opinion poll published shows percent questioned vote barkley percent argus undecided undecided voters decide support barkley winner
lobbyist specializes areas government corporation estimates spends percent dealing members staffs congressional committees handle legislation areas chores adaptable catch comes deal variety instance boss called york sending washington look automatic vending business company thinking going automatic vending machines spent commerce department putting information automatic vending machines agriculture department getting lot stuff institutional feeding feeding large numbers batch machines sandwiches coffee part job iron disputes company plant managers washington congressional problems re planning section bill ideas approach sit try persuade agree tack tell don care decide approach don want company mind kind thing assistant congressman called congressman wanted poll constituents felt issues short money poll needed
banks gather store money owned individuals business firms governments lend money individuals business firms governments leave money banks thing leave safe recently banks countries safe today biggest problem bank failure bank closed simply lost savings deposited countries distrust banks alive england banks safety main reason putting money bank interest banks pay deposit money fairly recently banks encourage individuals deposit small amounts money federal government postal savings plan run post office small depositors post office sold interest bearing notes guaranteed government savings plan ended ago longer need united states similar plans exist countries banks afford pay keeping money simply vaults percent money exact figure set federal government bases decision current economic conditions rest money lent borrow money receiving credit credit access money suppose want borrow money buy car bank give credit charge percent interest money
modern insurance industry divided main parts larger companies insurance companies offer loss coverage age benefits medical insurance trillion insurance coverage united states today prudential insurance metropolitan largest suppliers kind insurance smaller companies offer property liability insurance protects damage property legal liability arising damage property suppose roof house collapsed injured guest property liability insurance pay guest medical expenses cost putting roof property liability companies insure automobiles unlike banks insurance companies regulated entirely states insurance commissions require companies percentage money payment claims require companies prove need increases premium rates commission feels rates justifiable reject company application increase happens result insurance company refuse insure risk rate increase denied happens automobile insurance states require drivers carry insurance injured sue injuries damages company wants insure drivers bad driving records reason insurance commissions require automobile insurance companies organize high risk pool purpose sharing cost insuring drivers states require insurance companies organize high risk pools areas insurance legally required pools workers compensation payment injuries happen job
standing side side bank lobby filling applications car loan lawyer married makes owns house person mechanic single makes lives apartment turned answer case easily lawyer kind surprising verdict delivered increasingly credit scoring systems mathematical methods distinguishing goods bads say credit industry credit scoring replaces intuitive judgment credit officer evaluated subjectively answers questions credit application scored carefully calculated point system data credit bureaus depending points loan don case lawyer mechanic bank give lawyer extra points belonging prestigious profession experience big lenders taught customers occupation bearing credit worthiness certainly bank studies show family big income likely acquisition binge piling possessions debts fact bank found credit bureau lawyer recently missed loan payment absentmindedness cuts score mechanic hand previous loan bank paid early morever checking saving accounts bank lawyer checking account clincher mechanic worked job rented apartment past
book places meet interesting visit interesting places places part earth find places learn globes maps girl named lynda rosen wrote letter pen pal addressed envelope course lynda need places lives earth workers united states postal service england europe suppose deliver letter questions continent europe find places earth page photograph earth astronauts space earth seen moon notice earth round parts earth covered white clouds water blue land looks brown model earth called globe globe round earth globe clouds land clearly easy tell parts earth covered water page drawings sides globe large areas land earth called continents names continents drawings live continent north america lynda friend lives continent europe oceans earth oceans large bodies water earth covered oceans look globes oceans globe page shows continent north america
live earth land live communities communities places things need want communities united states homes schools stores communities places things places live places learn pray places help places play ways communities alike communities ways sizes places communities live ways communities big small buildings river ocean surrounded dry land hot lands cold lands land high low community place live play city special kind community special things city city place large population population number live place large population special thing city big city millions small city special thing city large area amount land city covers city takes lot land cities crowded thing makes cities special big cities thousands thousands buildings buildings close
person community needs needs things live healthy happy needs needs fit big groups need stay alive healthy need feel safe need feel need air water food stay alive weeks food days water minutes air need eat kinds foods stay healthy need clothes homes protect clothes protect hot sun cold homes give shelter weather safe need feel safe big need need safe places need trust need able live afraid need feel big need person needs able say ok person need learn care feel things communities help fill important needs reason live communities help fill needs family helps food clothing parents friends help feel safe teachers help feel help police officers help community safe police offers grow food build homes warm
washington dc important city eastern united states nation capital nation government located dc stands district columbia means nation capital located special area area called district columbia united states founded ago president george washington washington president nation capital city government york city moved philadelphia nation needed city specially built capital government leaders decided locate capital city middle united states look map eastern united states page area states started nation find washington dc remember travel hard slow rode horses rode wagons pulled horses cars planes trains motorboats wanted capital middle nation easier travel george washington picked place potomac river states virginia maryland andrew ellicott benjamin banneker laid borders district pierre drew plan city capital named president washington today washingon dc big city washington today took city grow george washington president government contest offered prizes city lot designs government buildings
united states founded ago days kings queens ruled nations earth choose leaders say ruled kings queens pleased matter liked united states kind government government reasons government leaders elected chosen voters leaders pleased laws government run laws government highest laws united states set constitution constitution written nation leaders ago approved states government united states today based constitution description government works government united states branches parts power power branch powerful power branch rights part government called legislative branch congress legislative branch nation congress makes laws united states houses parts senate house members called senators senators part congress house representatives members called representatives
unit study lot kansas city houston cities middle part united states area large lies groups mountains appalachian mountains east rocky mountains west land mountains flat areas flat land called plains middle part nation large areas plains divided missouri river east river central plains west river plains plains rich farmland lot nation food grown middle united states rivers important middle united states rivers carry water fallen earth snow rain start mountains flow sea important river middle united states mississippi river map page shows middle united states symbols map find special lines show rivers find lines divide states lines kind border borders called boundaries kind border divides nations looks rivers borders states nations mapmakers draw border let river border united states canada large lakes lakes large bodies water surrounded land lakes called lakes largest group lakes rivers lakes important travel shipping cities shown map
wants want things want money choose things want give things choose thing give suppose dollar choose buy movie ticket give money ticket movie costs money wanted comic book giving comic book part movie costs mow lawn money cutting grass costs costs energy energy costs suppose friends wants play baseball wants swimming wants places choose play baseball give swimming cost playing baseball friend going swimming cost give cost includes things give choice look drawing called decision model drawing shows decide things read drawing problem solved ways solve problem choices problem figure choices figure happen choice
americans began moving united states texas early texas part mexico mexican government gave stephen austin american land settlers settlers soon mexican government began worry americans coming land americans eastern texas mexican government mexicans americans longer trusted americans texas think texans fighting broke mexicans texans later march texans declared texas independent nation war famous battle war took place alamo alamo building downtown san antonio fort texans soldiers alamo february davy crockett jim bowie bill travis alamo surrounded mexican army thousand soldiers leader general santa anna days mexicans fired cannons alamo charged texans turned try mexicans stormed walls texans fought bravely killed later general santa anna army marched place called san jacinto city houston today santa anna intended catch texas army hoped destroy thought texans texans surprised santa anna april santa anna gave troops afternoon rest ready fight suddenly texans attacked
today houston big growing city businesses create jobs move houston jobs need homes schools need stores shop roads ride growth houston planned leaders city government want tell business leaders pass zoning laws houston zoning laws say land cities read chapter plan land kansas city land zones areas supposed residential law says houses apartment buildings built land commercial industrial businesses factories built houston zoning laws land build houston say lack zoning city businesses factories homes built say lack zoning bad city say beautiful parts city ruined factories built middle neighborhood houston spread city leaders tried connect parts city freeways freeways big roads cost lives houston travel car buses trains trolley cars automobile traffic traffic crawls slowly leaders houston city problems intend solve past houston leaders helped city grow
nations states cities governments nation main kinds city governments called mayor council form government council manager form government american cities mayor council form government mayor council form government mayor leader city mayor heads executive branch city government mayor elected city mayor appoints members executive branch city government cities mayor appoints judges city courts city council legislative branch city government makes laws city members council elected city cities vote council members city divided parts called districts district vote council member cities council manager form city government council elected council hires city manager run city government city manager appoints members executive branch city government mayor form government case mayor head city council actually run city government decides powers cities city governments mentioned united states constitution city governments furnish city services provide police fire garbage services run city schools libraries hospitals charge keeping streets paved
imagine city island ocean island beautiful beaches tall mountains palm trees colorful flowers gentle wind blows northeast weather hot cold rains hours live island lands ways living eat foods wear clothing groups city honolulu island named oahu group islands pacific ocean islands hawaii hawaii mainland continent north america enter union hawaii million visit hawaii vacation beautiful sights beaches weather warm welcome hawaiians give honolulu capital hawaii american city capital independent kingdom live honolulu largest city hawaii urban area city important armed forces united states large group left home big canoes canoe light narrow boat polynesians lived islands pacific ocean polynesians heard islands sea wanted live found hawaiian islands january james cook british captain stopped hawaii
american cities small part population asian background honolulu look chart page note japanese chinese hawaiian filipino americans half population honolulu proud city true melting pot lands group city hawaiians interesting customs ways things customs part hawaii hawaii speaks english hawaiian words words listed hawaiian words hawaiians wear colorful clothes shirts dresses bright flowers wear leis flowers strung luaus big feasts dance hula hula dances tell stories music hawaiians developed ukulele small guitar hawaiian steel guitar ukulele means jumping flea special holiday celebrations tourists hawaiians special days war ii hawaii trust asian americans afraid asian americans loyal united states war fears proved wrong war ii case hawaii asian american loyal asian americans fought died united states war asian americans gained respect hawaii ran public office japanese chinese americans elected government jobs hawaii honolulu hawaii united states senators japanese americans
history mexico begins thousands ago american indians important early groups maya lived yucatan peninsula lived lands south mexico ago maya began building cities stone cities built tall pyramids pyramid building sides slant top mayan pyramids flat tops top maya built small temples temple religious building priests religious leaders climbed staircases temples prayed gods mayan priests scholars scholars study learn priests studied stars moon sun knew sun stars moon moved sky knew days calendar today mayan scholars studied math maya knew math special kind writing words pictures maya paper write tree bark carved records important events large stone monuments maya peaceful mayan farmers grew corn beans squash grew tomatoes avocados corn important food maya flat corn cake call tortilla mayan cities lasted hundreds ago maya began leaving cities knows happened forest grew pyramids stone buildings today ruins mayan cities remain mexico speak mayan languages
cortes arrived tenochtitlan november montezuma welcomed cortes gifts cortes wanted gifts wanted rule aztec empire took montezuma captive soldiers began taking gold aztecs spanish wanted aztecs christians began destroying aztec temples soon aztecs rose drove spanish city destroyed spanish army cortes defeated american indian followers soldiers arrived spain cortes army attacked tenochtitlan thousands aztecs killed soon city fell cortes army destroyed months cortes conquered aztec empire ruled king spain mexico belonged spain nation europe spanish called colony mexico spain colony area land ruled nation mexico actually larger spain spanish king simply mexico spain richer huge amounts treasure mexico spain king gave conquerors mexico estates estate large piece land gave estates friends king included estates american indians lived land king friends charge mines american indians mexico forced estates mines case black africa brought slaves slave person owned person
mexico city located valley mexico big valley shaped bowl surrounded mountains rivers carry rainwater valley government build canals canals carry rainwater canals mexico city floods mexico city mixture ruins american indian temples city temples built aztecs ruled city beautiful palaces churches built spanish nearby tall modern buildings modern buildings built flat walls walls covered beautiful paintings kind painting ago maya aztecs plaza cultures says mexico aztec ruins spanish buildings modern apartment houses half goods manufactured mexico mexico city city thousands factories kinds goods factories automobiles clothing iron steel products factories built businesses growing activity causing problems mexico city thousands mexico city live look jobs skills low paying jobs jobs families poor jobs trained children need schools need houses health care things cost money mexico city known pure air today blanket dirty air hangs city
earth home home human beings air breathe water drink plants animals eat solid ground stand earth hot cold need live earth things earth early morning sun sun move sky late sun sun moving moving morning turn sun night turn earth spaceship ship riding sun night moon stars earth stars look points light stars big look small earth stars cold stars hot star mass burning gas light heat sun star stars sky suns sun closer earth stars looks bigger brighter heat sun keeps earth warm suppose earth farther sun colder suppose earth closer sun hotter sun star earth planet
globes round earth makes globe model round planet learn lot maps map flat drawing places earth map show earth map show single continent map show city blocks maps help find places maps oldest map hard show round earth flat map parts won fit mapmaker change shape look drawing page shows happens peel surface globe peeling orange peel flattened longer looks orange look flat map look map front book person drew map took lot water changed size shape oceans shape land areas nearly look map page mapmaker added land water map look continents maps look globe map looks globe look maps remember shape land exactly maps handy easy carry maps key key tell colors map mean show symbols map stand
lines longitude run north south north pole south pole natural starting point scientists starting point longitude start greenwich england greenwich london england royal observatory building scientists gave lines longitude called meridians word meridian simply means midday line passed greenwich called prime meridian prime means longitude greenwich set orleans louisiana degrees west greenwich england say orleans west longitude dacca bangladesh degrees east greenwich england say dacca east longitude farthest greenwich half circle line longitude goes aleutian islands part alaska find globe line east meets west look map page map showing part united states map grid lines latitude run east west measure distance north south equator degrees lines marked sides map lines longitude run north south measure distance east west prime meridian degrees lines marked top bottom map latitude longitude find place earth find orleans line running east west north equator orleans north latitude
remember main landforms earth mountains hills plateaus plains north america landforms mountains run western part continent find rocky mountains map called rockies mountain system stretches alaska mexico rockies longest highest mountains north america extend kilometers miles highest mountain north america rockies mount mckinley alaska mount mckinley meters feet sea level find appalachian mountains appalachians major mountain system east mountains extend kilometers miles highest mountain appalachians north carolina mount mitchell mount mitchell elevation meters feet mount mckinley times higher mount mitchell south alaska highest mountain united states mount whitney mount whitney california mountain range called sierra nevada spanish word sierra means saw pointed mountain peaks look teeth saw sierra range steep mountains mount whitney rises meters feet sea level high mount mitchell highest mountains north america west mountain ranges hills hills bottom mountain called foothills hills foothills north america north america plateaus find mexico city physical map page mexico city mexican plateau parts plateau higher mount mitchell
united states neighbor south mexico mexico divided states federal district full nation united mexican states citizens mexico called mexicans mexicans speak spanish million live mexico today population growing fast grown mexico million find mexico physical map north america page gulf mexico directly south california part called baja california word baja means lower spanish map baja california looks narrow finger land water west east land surrounded water called peninsula mexico peninsula southeast curves upward hook yucatan peninsula canada mexico nation differences north desert south covered tropical rain forests east west mountains sierra madres middle mexico mexican plateau mexico live plateau climate cool dry comfortable desert rain forests mexico city mexican plateau capital mexico largest highest cities earth million live mexico city mexicans live cities live villages raise food farms mexican farmers grow lot cotton corn squash raise cattle grow coffee sugar cane mexican farmers poor farms small
england atlantic ocean valuable resource past living fishing englanders hunted whales caught fish cod mackerel england famous fish shellfish eat england clam chowder land england farming places soil thin england place dairy farms cows eat grass hillsides poor soil grow hay cities buy milk products vermont famous cheese parts england known special farm products maine farmers grow potatoes vermont maple syrup sap sugar maple trees rhode island noted chickens called rhode island reds massachusetts farmers grow cranberries cranberry sauce thick forests northern england living resource trees cut wood trees lose leaves oaks maples hardwoods hardwood goes sawmills cut boards build things trees cones needles pines softwoods softwood ground pulp wood pulp paper england living manufacturing factories united states england mills england spun nation cotton woolen cloth england factories shoes boots englanders famous traders yankee merchants known nation fastest sailing ships built mystic connecticut
alaska hawaii high mountains mount mckinley alaska highest mountain north america states volcanoes volcano opening earth hot melted rock shoot opening ashes smoke gases melted rock build opening forms mountain volcano material volcano push ocean forms island islands hawaii formed volcanoes washington oregon california share geography pacific coast ranges low mountains called coast ranges farther east higher mountains higher mountains called cascade range washington oregon california called sierra nevada coast ranges higher mountains fertile valleys farthest south central valley california valleys mountains rich farmland pacific coast washington oregon marine climate climate area goes south san francisco warm wet winds blow ocean winds air getting hot cold bring lot rain coast snow capped cascade range winds cooled rain falls western side mountains areas east mountains dry farmers irrigate fields forests grow washington oregon rain california northern coast giant redwood trees trees huge trunks grow tall meters feet oldest living things earth
south america main areas highlands andes mountains guiana highlands brazilian highlands andes mountains run west coast south america map line mountains looks curving spine find andes elevation map page andes longest system mountains kilometers miles highest mountains himalayas asia higher peaks andes meters feet high andes mountains close pacific coast narrow plain ocean mountains part plain atacama desert find desert climate map page atacama desert driest place south america fact driest deserts earth rain falls means rained born andes mountains steep rugged makes hard cross mountains hard build roads railroads hard live look elevation map find altiplano bolivia altiplano plateau large area high flat land spanish altiplano means high plain live andes live plateaus altiplano live valleys mountains plateaus valleys areas flat land mountains climate climb higher thinner air
today descendants americans live north america south america call american indians native americans actually group language american indians descendants early peoples asia descendants grandchildren early peoples asia ancestors american indians ancestors grandparents south american indians live highlands andes mountains live nations bolivia ecuador peru empire incas half nations american indians south american indians live rain forests amazon river find places climate map page ago europe began south america spain portugal nations set colonies land south american nations colonies spain venezuela colombia ecuador peru bolivia chile argentina uraguay paraguay find countries map page find brazil brazil colony portugal today south america speak spanish brazil speak portuguese britain netherlands france south america set colonies guyana british colony suriname dutch french guiana colony france today department france france departments states overseas country europeans south america search gold silver started businesses farms today european ancestors live south america
place river flows ocean called mouth mouth river delta delta area rich soil silt shaped triangle delta nile north cairo egypt look climate map page suppose traveling north south africa cross narrow strip land mediterranean sea land fertile climate comfortable desert tropical grasslands savannas half africa savanna land savannas trees bushes savannas seasons rainy season weather hot wet land green rivers fill overflow farmers grow crops rainy season dry season weather hot dry rain falls grass dies fields turn brown rivers dry south savannas tropical rain forests rain forests cover atlantic coast equator stretch inland find rain forest area climate map weather hot wet hard live climate south rain forests savannas farther south kalahari desert finally reach southern tip africa weather season season areas fertile land eastern part africa highlands stretch red sea continent
african nations share goals working future peoples important goal national unity african nations trying increase unity nation unity feeling oneness togetherness government leaders want feel belong nation nation belongs feel part larger hundreds peoples africa peoples called culture groups culture group speak language beliefs living culture groups live nation feel belong reason language africans speak languages single nation languages hard speak language nation needs language understand reason africa draw national boundaries europeans drew boundaries ago set colonies colonies won freedom boundaries change members culture group live nations nation culture groups enemies nation problems caused civil wars africa civil war war groups nation unity goal african nations goal develop africa resources african nations poorest countries
crops grown harvest harvest crops gather harvesting crops job growing season family works cut stalks grain women cut heads grain stalks children care babies carry water workers fields women carry grain home dried stored stalks burn stalks fuel cooking feed stalks animals dry season mossi waste grow rainy season due drought drought period rain upper volta droughts nations west africa drought problems rivers dry grass dies soil blows animals die water drink food grow water wet soil hungry famine happens place food sick weak die drought turn savanna land desert nature forces change surface earth west africa bad drought herders farmers left homes live camps cities thousands died lived adapt change conditions changed nomads settle herders began farm
half live continent asia surprising groups asians look pictures unit wide variety asia major religions started asia jewish christian muslim religions began southwest asia look map israel western jordan page find area jordan river mediterranean sea promised land bible find city jerusalem jerusalem holy city jews christians muslims calendar today starts birth jesus christ christ born bethlehem christ born write christ christ birth write anno domini lord dates count forward birth christ dates count letters date means prophet muhammad lived lived religious teacher buddha lived lived buddha lived muhammad lived christ muhammad lived christ asia rich kingdoms empires past heard king siam today siam called thailand heard persian carpets persian cats today persia called iran heard land rising sun japan
soviet union developed nation asia japan true japan natural resources japanese war ii leaders democratic government industry japan ranks united states soviet union industry japan giant nations japan covers square kilometers square miles smaller california japan times california japan crowded nations japanese cars tv sets cameras goods sold japanese goods sold united states country japanese import raw materials factories buy large amounts iron coal petroleum nations japanese farmers experts growing large crops japan farmland island nation fertile plains japan covered mountains level land japanese import food buy wheat vegetables fruit united states nations taiwan singapore israel developing fast opec nations saudi arabia iraq kuwait opec nations fully developed provide living asian nations south soviet union china india largest nations asia fact china largest nation nation persons earth chinese
sita ranjit grew rajasthan sisters brothers lived farms helped parents sita ranjit parents arranged marry sita left parents live ranjit parents house family built extra room sita ranjit added room ranjit brother janak rima wife passed ranjit sita saw getting harder family family fields didn larger fields feed sita ranjit children janak rima youngest brother pandit going married ranjit sisters married moved families farm produce food ranjit sita heard rajasthan canal project knew land ranjit trip apply loan buy farm trips successful finally told loan told find farm buy sita ranjit left home children afraid future hold arrived farm saw water brought fields help build small canals called feeder canals feeder canals connected large canals large canals brought water indus river
study history put question knowledge past ways human beings suffered severe impairment recollection past human mind stored memories past events experiences events recollection help shape reactions attitudes present future conditions similar societies knowledge past individuals societies try knowledge deal present prepare future equally memories expect societies equally accurate recollections past events societies identical individuals involved event expect identical recollections event reasons explain differences lesson lessons follow examining knowledge past acquired let begin studying scholar trained historian say history happy history wrote christopher dawson thrice happy sociology possess living culture unconscious danger losing dead begin realize existence study scientifically happy farms business offices congressional chambers cursed consciousness unconscious effort grown unhappier history sociology
heart society family strength beat measure society vitality african body social heart strong say family conceived western terms contrary differences considerable especially matriarchal matrilineal groups children belong mother brother father guardian children african family ties thought categorical individual terms relationship applied individual group persons members generation group relations group regarded relations call brothers sisters belonging preceding generation call fathers mothers uncommon african speak fathers mothers generation sons daughters nephews nieces degree children fact africans broader view family relationship responsibility westerners frequently family consist households live head family wife wives unmarried sons daughters husbands children married daughters extended enlarged families called likely disposed compound group compounds group economic entity younger members obligation help presents older members especially ranking member turn carries moral responsibility welfare family tie end
ancient land sumer located mesopotamian plain area rivers tigris euphrates nearly pleasant climate physical features attractive parts fact sumer harsh environment case ice age sumer lands east enjoyed pleasant climate ample vegetation retreat ice packs polar regions ice age ended resulted shift climate rainfall patterns moisture parts including east lush grasslands wooded areas turned desert semidesert low lying areas rivers turned swamps marshes covered dense growth human beings area known sumer modify style meet change learned clear drain low lying land grow crops early cultivating barley wheat axes sickles hard baked clay built fairly large structures including temples lived sizable villages difficult unusually adaptive creative area sudden bring calamity tides persian gulf rise feet prolonged southerly gales raise river levels feet swift melting snow high mountains headwaters tigris euphrates increased rainfall farther south rivers flood
role family strong pillars traditional chinese philosophy stands pillar core fundamental concepts natural laws believed govern things concepts called feng shui literally wind water essential feng shui embracing tao universe according feng shui universe determined interplay opposite cooperating principles yang yin yang positive light male yin negative dark female symbol yang yin shown page incidentally symbol flag republic korea sign completely philosophy infuses beliefs east yang yin balance harmony results unbalanced disorder results created acts conformity principles yang light yin dark progression night eclipse occurs yin predominates yang welfare depends balance yang authority yin obedience tyranny occurs yang predominates yin forcing persuading obey chinese believed concepts feng shui help stay harmony nature instance feng shui help decide build palace hut lay cemetery arrange trees ancestor tombs dead living accord powers universe living venerated powers placated feng shui correct placing graves present family ancestors harmony nature
rule pericles athens dropped pretense equals city states forced contribute athenian treasury member allowed leave confederation force city tried withdraw membership brought benefits special trade agreements athens military security subject states political independence result bitterly resented athens dominance growing power athens alarmed greek city states feared lose independence joined sparta form peloponnesian confederation aimed curbing athens power result peloponnesian war eyewitness account war athenian historian thucydides points real war sparta fear growing athenian power events actually triggered fighting hand trivial case wars issue defection small city states athenian empire spartan alliance sparta tried starve athens sending troops destroy crops athens countered gathering population walls importing food sea athens soon suffered sharp reverses severe plague thought bubonic broke quarter athens population including pericles died death athenian government weakened political feuds corruption war seesawed side suing peace finally sparta backing persia built fleet challenge athens athens lost war
socrates spoken words crito rose chamber bathe crito told wait remained talking thinking subject discourse greatness sorrow father bereaved pass rest lives orphans bath children brought young sons elder women family talked gave directions presence crito dismissed returned hour sunset deal passed sat bath soon jailer servant eleven entered stood saying socrates noblest gentlest place impute angry feelings rage swear obedience authorities bid drink poison sure angry aware blame fare try bear lightly need errand bursting tears turned socrates looked return wishes bid
local rule prevailed western europe collapse rome development frankish kingdom clovis later charlemagne empire military political system evolving replace roman system known feudalism centuries dark ages reached peak feudalism largely designed preserve measure order security absence strong empire nation city feudalism started evolve collapse roman empire west collapse caused turn local authority central power barbarians main loyalties extended societies lands europe trade localized dark ages roman highways currency uniform weights measures fell disuse pirates moslems attacked european ships caravans halting trade east feudal contract fief powerful military leader lord gave land protection fighting vassal return vassal swore fealty loyalty lord owed military service forty days vassel owed feudal aids payments goods services lord oldest son knighted lord oldest daughter married lord captured held ransom lord built castles fortified complexes withstand siege offered vassals families protection marauding bands warfare primitive owner horse sword advantage reading historian discusses military aspects feudalism feudal organization society person gentle blood fighting soldier
humanism fashionable cultural mode renaissance influenced renaissance art scholarship architecture shift lofty gothic cathedrals medieval times pointed spires flying buttresses return simpler lines rounded domes arches ancient greek roman temples curving columned basilica st peter rome built sixteenth century beautiful examples renaissance architecture sculpture return classical forms beautifully proportioned human bodies statues ancient greece rome lorenzo ghiberti sculpted human figures intricate bronze doors baptistry florence city michelangelo carved stone powerful dignified statue david renaissance painting imitation classical styles architecture sculpture possibly fewer paintings copy remained ancient greece rome content paintings renaissance remained basically religious middle ages paintings frequently commissioned church painted canvas church walls wooden panels despite religious subject matter definite humanist influences human body perfection true proportion main subject art renaissance painters carefully studied anatomy geometry according humanist thought god created mathematically perfect harmonious human body supreme harmony characteristic renaissance painting attention perspective
parts europe protestant reformation involved separation rome zurich switzerland catholic priest ulrich zwingli preached body blood christ present sacrament communion communion symbolic reminder supper zwingli stripped church ceremonial aspects luther removed organ stained glass windows pictures statues church interiors discontinued holy water candles golden chalices music church discontinued sermon reading scriptures focal point church services reforms zwingli aim eliminate ordained bible anabaptists sect protestants arose zurich switzerland felt zwingli keeping scriptures held strict literal interpretation bible extremely moralistic opponents gave anabaptists meaning rebaptizers rejected infant baptism catholics lutherans zwinglians believed person baptized later voluntarily choosing faith according anabaptists true christian church voluntary association converted believers official institution lutheran catholic churches membership thought conferred infant baptism preachings anabaptists entered doctrine later protestant sects modern baptists quakers stress importance adult conversion anabaptist sects common parts germany netherlands persecuted catholics protestants alike anabaptists considered rebels addition heretics refused acknowledge connection church
known residence nagasaki iron tinplated zinc chloride applying tin metal japan art plating copper tin pine pitch known copper bronze cooking vessels tin plated students decided plate iron western method standard chloric acid purchased store find preparing laboring description text finally acid obtained zinc chloride succeeded plating iron tin feat practice tin craftsman land irresistible fascination knowledge tried ammonium chloride requisite experiment bone learned horse hoof serve store sold tortoise shell ware fragments horse hoof cheap asking heard horse hoof fertilizing concern took large quantity hoof covered earthenware jar layer clay charcoal fire large bowl fanned fire vigorously smelly vapor condensed earthenware pipe experiment going condensed vapor dripping freely pipe disadvantage proved awful stench vapor easily imagined result heating bones horse hoof especially small yard dormitory
power intervention dim glow japan victory china japanese victory sign increased influence industrialization give japan greater pride attended japan stunning victory russia russo japanese war non european country overcome full military force european power major war longer europeans scorn japanese yellow japanese hoped war japan part island sakhalin predominant position korea important whetted appetite empire japan formally took korea japan economy moved drive maturity armaments industry increasingly important warlike industries japan began export large quantities cheap cotton textiles began producing chemical fertilizers boost production agriculture steel electrical equipment assumed important roles britain economy earlier age japan economy increasingly diverse growth sector spurred growth sector production climbing england start industrial revolution factory workers farm laborers say japan early modernization power hands emperor small oligarchy japanese parliament created universal male suffrage women vote result japan laws protect workers interests child labor common labor unions legal status prevent ricksha drivers going strike protest introduction streetcars strike leader arrested strike failed
chapter focus revolutions captured imagination french revolution russian revolution revolutions involved violent overthrow established monarchies ruled powerful empires inspired frightened millions models revolutions look french revolution king france publicly forced agree demands subjects king agreement meet demands part acknowledgement power held king advisers concessions uncertainty dread left king feeling uncertain uncertainty suggest nature french monarchy prior demands france slipped height power nation reckoned france land considerable wealth large population big standing army organized standards times borders reasonably secure france center arts culture french language international diplomacy heart france versailles capital king ruled enormous elaborate palace cost tax dollars build style living equal palace king constantly running money high living court reason reason foreign policy government spent means
general agreement pre colonial era sections south asia inferior countries western europe manufacturing pre industrial character quality variety products production techniques large parts region advance west benjamin higgins points evidence level technology asia markedly europe sixteenth century countries indonesia gunpowder navigation techniques modes land water transport techniques manufacture agriculture markedly inferior europe nehru able quote statement anstey eighteenth century indian methods production industrial commercial organization stand comparison vogue part understandable exaggeration nehru india highly developed manufacturing country exporting manufactured products europe countries banking system efficient organised country hundis bills exchange issued business financial houses honoured india iran kabul herat tashkent places central asia merchant capital emerged elaborate network agents jobbers brokers middlemen shipbuilding industry flourishing flagships english admiral napoleonic wars built indian firm india india fact advanced industrially commercially financially country prior industrial revolution parts south asia significantly western europe economically possibly late eighteenth century contact west distinct disadvantage
middle vast chasm separated havana washington months chasm widened castro abandoning hopes winning wide public support united states swung left members cuba guard communist party moved key centers power december castro startling speech cuban television declared marxist leninist term communist castro bourgeois ideas past mistakes marxist leninist heart castro began talk theory marxist socialism eventually combined revolutionary movement cuba guard communists form party communist cuba talked role nation membership socialist led soviet union spring bay pigs rumors united states backed invasion cuba began promoted cuban exiles eager return homeland known substance rumors castro appealed soviet military assistance receiving arms ammunition moscow late july soviet ships began unloading mysterious cargo cuban ports united states intelligence agencies close watch cuba decided shipments included ground air missiles defend cuba attack united states officials worried soviet union purely defensive weapons supply cuba offensive weapons medium range ballistic missiles attack united states
consensus foremost principle common development goals achieved cooperation politics confrontation consensus acknowledges respective concerns mutual responsibilities rights duties consensus embrace broadest participation international decisions developing countries role voice international system especially decisions affect nations asked provide resources effort carry decisions accorded commensurate voice learned experience methods development assistance nineteen fifties nineteen sixties longer adequate technical accomplishments programs fall short expectations traditional approaches acceptable industrialized endless sided financial burden acceptable developing create relationship charity dependency inconsistent equality respect swings shocks economic adversity global concern tearing fabric developed developing nations alike cycle times bad abundance famine vast damage lives economies unemployment falling standards living ravages inflations fuel social political discontent recently seen corrosive effects countries developing economies vulnerable natural disasters vagaries weather business cycle sharp increases prices oil food devastating effect livelihood recession industrial countries depresses export earnings
children school classroom teacher lopez desks books classroom find look classroom view find children desks find teacher desk find map classroom map drawing place map show classroom map show earth find children desks map find teacher desk find map page map school map helps find find lopez classroom pretend lopez classroom want nurse office door classroom turn left walk hall water fountain turn water fountain straight ahead door door leads nurse office tell principal office lopez classroom lunchroom gym map school block playground block homes street map block maps symbols symbols drawings symbol stands look map page map symbols key key tells symbols stand find key map page symbol stand symbols map key school neighborhood
maps globes show things picture part globe western half globe page part globe eastern half globe look drawings large areas land earth called continents continent large bodies water earth called oceans ocean list continents list oceans continents oceans map earth shows continents shows oceans shows equator look north america north america continent part north america colored orange part united states united states country country north south equator countries shown map japan nigeria norway india later visit countries california shown map california part united states look map california page california larger smaller map united states japan look secret treasure map pretend silver city school find buried treasure streets live earth live land low live land high live oceans live oceans earth kinds land places land flat flat lands called plains big parts country plains
jenny ray ray jenny school grade school rules school jenny room school ray room grade children share map school room shows things shows things find map ray hall school left jenny school yard stay climb high bend low picture school rooms rooms tell room map school ray help find room school neighborhood houses neighborhood stores streets places neighborhood tell neighborhood map jenny neighborhood lives school school rules follow look pictures children going school walk ride cars buses ago children walked school rode horses school rode buggies today schools large big playgrounds rooms books paper pencils
growing field find dandelion find dandelion flower color find dandelion leaf color dandelions change find dandelion seeds seeds color seed blow dandelion seeds draw dandelion color flower leaf seeds write names drawing look flowers find dandelions dig plant part grows ground called root part grows ground called stem plants stems roots find stems find roots eat stems plants eat roots plants animals eat stems roots vegetables plants eat vegetables vegetable chart look pictures stems roots cut paste pictures chart look vegetables roots stems leaves oak tree oak tree seeds seeds acorns acorns fall oak happens seeds acorns grow oaks seeds grow fall seeds stick animals birds carry seeds wind carries seeds places water carries seeds plants grow seeds look inside seed plant bean seed watch grow change seeds seeds eat plant seed chart maple leaves maple tree pine needles leaves
plants grow shapes colors sizes green tall small seen plants living things flower plant grass plant plants plants plants ways plants need special things grow living things need food grow think plants food need plants grow places food plants grow water plants grow soil plants grow plants plant picture food plants need water live grow plants water rain ways plants water think ways tell plants need water put soil empty milk cartons put bean seeds soil carton mark cartons letter water cartons water carton happened seeds watered happened seeds water sun helps plants grow plants light warmth sun helps plants grow bean plants green growing put plant dark place put plant window water plants happens plants look plants alike look alike plants alike ways plants parts plant parts
trees biggest plants big trees california redwood trees tallest trees grown meters feet tall kinds trees grow fast kinds grow slowly trees growing tree height depends things tree kind soil growing sun water tree weather grows tell weather trees grow trees lose leaves cold weather trees grow jungle trees grow cold oldest plants trees bristlecone pine trees tree picture tell circles inside tree trunk circles tree rings tree grows ring count rings tree grow scientists tell tree age count tree rings forest place trees grow happened forest picture happened happened trees trees important wood comes trees need wood important protect forests put soil empty milk carton put seed carton cover seed soil put water soil wait weeks tree starts grow animals hiding pictures point rabbit rabbit side upside
fish aquarium aquariums jars glass bowls aquariums water water animals water plants live aquarium fish kinds snails water animals find fish snails aquarium jar aquarium put water water plant jar put fish snail watch aquarium happens fish swim snail moved record notebook snail foot help move snails find foot look snail find foot draw picture snail foot fish water animals tails fins help move gills help breathe fish fish look light part fish draw picture fish guppy kind small fish draw picture guppy draw body draw tail fin eye draw fins gills look fish hand lens think fish guppy plants live water water plant draw water plant sure put piece fish food aquarium draw picture fish eats look snail mouth things snail
pedro knew green plants need sunlight live wanted planted wheat seeds cups soil cups dark seeds sprouted grew leaves leaves white pedro put cups sunlight dark leaves plant sun turned green grew healthy leaves plant dark stopped growing wilted died pedro found discovered sunlight green plant green plants living things need food grow plant pedro dark died lacked food green plant green chlorophyll chlorophyll green coloring matter leaf reason green plant needs sunlight sunlight helps chlorophyll form leaves sunlight chlorophyll present leaves plant food plants dark food period stop growing droop die plants need sunlight chlorophyll food materials soil soil materials add fertilizer soil fertilizer adds materials soil plants grow girl picture putting food stick soil plant stick fertilizer help plant grow larger plants need water help food rains cornfield water plant water goes soil
plants food trees flowers grass food plants called molds molds green plants look green color food molds food places seen mold cheese picture holding piece cheese cheese flavor mold molds spoil cheese foods fruit bread molds helpful harmful think molds tiny plants grow dark need sunlight grow need sunlight food think places molds grow molds need grow plants need sun grow seeds molds grow seeds grow spores spores tiny particles mold plants molds food live things eat molds live bread look closely bread mold microscope tiny round particles spores spores carried air molds grow fruit cheese foods molds grow clothing wood grow dead animals plants found wooded places kinds molds spores found molds grow buildings grow fields forests grow dark damp warm bonnie wanted grow molds put piece bread jar bonnie knew molds grow water
earthworms live underground burrows burrow small tunnel soil earthworms ground dark night cloudy weather heavy rains food eat soil dead plant materials rain find earthworm burrows look grass sidewalk lumpy rings earthworm castings burrows castings soil earthworm takes soil inside body bits food soil soil ground inside earthworm body soil passed body soil called casting heavy rains earthworms drown birds eat turtles animals earthworms found places philippine islands blue earthworms earthworms reddish brown purple pink tan ends earthworm look alike earthworm head tail head earthworm darker color tail head pointed earthworms size earthworms centimeters inch grow larger picture earthworm divided parts parts called segments earthworms segments earthworms arms legs earthworm bristles body bristle short stiff hair segment bristles bristles help earthworm move inside burrow bristles push burrow walls
body parts part special job parts help move parts oxygen air help body food eat body things stay healthy put hand left arm elbow lift book left hand feel muscles arm moving muscles part body help move muscles look parts body jog muscles body skin muscles muscles longer shorter helps move ways muscles strong exercise muscles attached bones bones strong hard helps jobs bones help body shape help support body bones help sit stand bones protect body soft parts think bones feel sides body waist find ribs ribs protect lungs heart think times fallen playing strong bones getting hurt badly reference book find facts human bones smallest human bone stirrup bone millimeters inch stirrup bone found ear bones skeleton skeleton frame body
put food mouth chew swallow food goes stomach stomach kind bag heart waist stomach food digested changed body food goes stomach small intestine coiled tube small intestine finishes changing food liquid small intestine opens large intestine tube thicker shorter small intestine takes wastes body intestines waist find drawing stomach small intestine change food liquid body food goes blood vessels blood vessels small intestine important job blood vessels carry food blood goes parts body important healthy body healthy feel thing need healthy bodies exercise exercise body walk jog swim ride bike play softball sports exercising exercise helps heart grow strong helps lungs oxygen makes muscles bones grow strong helps stomach intestines helps blood vessels need food lots water sleep healthy checkups doctor nurses help healthy nurses help sick schools factories offices nurses
eat foods food group meals balanced vitamins food eat vitamins help healthy vitamins build strong bones teeth skin blood healthy oranges tangerines grapefruit lemons limes citrus fruits citrus fruits rich vitamin vitamin important healthy bones gums helps grow vitamin citrus fruit juice body needs fresh supply vitamins lack vitamins sick eat foods food groups sure plenty vitamins foods sugar candy kind breakfast cereals lots sugar sugar sugar give energy eat harm teeth today lot foods healthy leave foods eat eat foods foods called junk foods junk foods things lot sugar weigh fill want eat food dieticians plan meals hospitals schools sure meal foods basic dieticians college study food food groups vitamins food
think solid rock rock hard think change rock rock rocks formed ways places earth hot rock melted rock look look closely rocks layers think heat formed rocks things help form rocks rock change think heat wind water rock change chapter learn rocks formed changed rocks layers ago things shells sand fell ocean floor formed layers layers called sediments sediments piled top pressed underneath passed sediments hard formed rock sedimentary rocks pushed ocean rocks dry land grand canyon arizona sedimentary rock water deep surface earth hot rocks melt hot melted rock earth called magma magma thrown air flows earth surface happens melted rock called lava mountain called volcano volcano opening top layer earth hot ash dust rock gases thrown volcano lava melted rock comes volcano rock cools hardens hard rock called igneous
early earth history soil rock today land soil top places soil meters deep places centimeters thick think soil soil kinds soil look soil places soil particles small smooth particles large sharp color soils soil size color soil growing plants think sandstone kind rock rub pieces sandstone crumble sand soil mainly sand sand loose particles crumbled rock play sand sand feels grainy sand grains round sharp edges kinds sand rock kinds coral seashells sand brown pink white color depends sand things cement glass sand kinds soil colors feel bits soil sizes soil particles weigh weight depends size heavier particles separate water settle bottom lighter particles top grain sand small grain silt smaller silt kind soil feel grainy
soil important build roads buildings need soil soils support roads buildings farmers need soil crops plants need soil water air need sunlight farmers put materials called fertilizer soil help plants grow farmers careful fertilizer burn roots plants soil polluted bury trash chemicals problems trash chemicals change soil give harmful gases gases ill soil longer plants animals farmers poisons kill harmful weeds insects poisons soil soil changed trash poisons governments studying soil want safe plants animals reason laws passed protect soil agronomists study soil learn protect find ways soil grow plants agronomists help farmers grow food test soil materials tell fertilizers needed agronomists college study science ago earth rock slowly rock broke form soil kinds soil kinds sand silt clay kind loam loam growing plants mixture sand silt clay humus humus decayed plants animals sand silt clay loam particles colors sizes clay small particles
anna pair field glasses night look moon wanted learn moon looking sky night moon larger weeks round weeks moon smaller moon change shape wanted learn moon ago astronauts flew space capsule blasted earth rockets astronauts walked moon collected rocks experiments television pictures earth astronauts brought information moon moon things give light things light things reflect light reflects light turns light earth light sun moon side earth lighted side moon lighted moon sunlight light turned reflected earth suppose moon looking earth sunlight reflected moon moves earth goes path moon moves appears change shape called phases lighted side moon called full moon moon moves path lighted side call phase gibbous moon moon keeps moving lighted side
earth sky air sky moon moon sky space air astronauts travel space air land moon wear space suits suits supply air earth air carries voices talk moon air astronauts carry talkie radios hear moon moon hot hotter hottest earth reason astronauts wear space suits suits protect heat earth air makes sky light moon air moon sky dark ancient times watched moon phases help track important knowing plant crops greek word moonth meant full moon moonth comes word month takes moon earth month future build space stations moon stations scientists set telescopes telescopes clear view sun stars planets view clearer earth air moon air makes view telescope fuzzy space stations send spaceships planets
simple machines easier lift things pulley simple machine lift things pulley rope wheel pulley flagpole lets pull move flag pulley makes easier sailboat pulleys help lift sails lift person heavier try seesaw friend sit end push end easy lift friend seesaw simple machine call kind simple machine lever lever lets effort lever makes easier lift things bottle opener kind lever lifts things examples levers crowbar opener pair tweezers pair scissors levers working ramp simple machine inclined plane inclined plane easier ramp picture helps girl hold weight bicycle length ramp greater height stairs easier inclined plane move longer distance lift car jack jack simple machine called screw jackscrew machine makes easier lift things simple machines lift things pulley lever inclined plane screw kind simple machine wedge blade knife wedge
materials absorb things cheesecloth small holes holes absorb dirt cheesecloth polish things person picture cheesecloth polish furniture cheesecloth wrap cheese holes cheesecloth absorb water cheese dry spoil materials absorb things materials cheesecloth absorbs closer look things holes pictures pages special lenses things look larger look picture cheesecloth small threads holes holes paper towel small threads holes smaller holes cheesecloth paper towels absorbing liquids small holes look nylon net small holes big hole threads alike size holes nylon threads look sharp threads cheesecloth paper towel look fuzzy fuzzy ends help materials absorb water sponges clean liquids dry sponge soaks water milk liquids sponge wet kinds sponges manufactured real kinds sponges manufactured parts living things real sponges manufactured sponges absorb liquids real sponges grow sea types grow fresh water color manufactured sponges materials rubber parts plants sponges small holes
children classroom count children school count things easy count counting hard pennies piggy bank guess handful pennies count pennies handful handfuls pennies bank handful amount pennies find money making careful guess look marbles children count marbles easy find marbles count number windows classroom count number windows school cars city street parking lot hard say let try easier let estimate cars parking lot estimate careful guess things divide picture small squares count cars square count squares multiply number cars square number squares answer estimated number cars parking lot try answer estimating find number quickly check estimate counting thing remember estimate pennies bank count penny check close guess counting takes
check number children estimated count child estimating number quicker estimating helpful things school estimate bookshelves room library estimate books count number books shelf count number shelves multiply number books shelf number shelves number check estimate teacher librarian close find things estimate principal estimating school cook look picture apartment house counting guess windows front estimate windows estimate count number floors count windows floor multiply number windows floor number floors answer estimate close guess need close guess estimate live town tomorrow number number government counts number living united states ten count called census census government idea football game number crowd announced announcer ball park walk turnstiles
living things school dogs flies trees grass living things tell living things nonliving things living things classroom living things inside jar picture green water plant elodea snail snail animal food elodea green plant food plant snail energy think plant energy energy energy elodea snail green plants animals living things need food energy green plants food energy sunlight produce food green plants called producers elodea water plant inside jar producer animals food snail inside jar eats green plant snail energy move grow plant eats animals eat plants known primary consumers snail primary consumer producers consumers food chains food chain living thing eaten living thing parts chain links elodea snail food chain links diagram food chain arrow means elodea eaten snail consumers live producers producers important part food chain producers food green plants producers animals consumers green plants animal
earth living things sizes picture tiny small microscope microscope magnifies makes look bigger kinds tiny plants animals live water live ponds streams rivers lakes ocean live land live plants wet part picture shows look microscope thousands tiny plants animals live drop water microscope tiny water magnifying glass looks lens curved glass makes things look bigger things lenses microscopes lenses scientists microscopes study things microscope eyepiece kind hole look lens eyepiece microscopes lenses lenses thing looking larger microscope place put glass slide place called stage put want look slide place stage stage hole stage mirror moved catch light mirror sends light hole stage light passes slide lenses eyepiece slide clearly slide focus microscope wheel called focus wheel
algae tiny plants minerals water grow multiply water polluted dirty minerals water algae multiply faster usual oxygen needed fish fish die tiny plants grow larger living things die hundreds dead fish found washed shores polluted lakes rivers plants animals live polluted water safe eat eat sick millions tiny algae called diatoms live ocean delicate shells diatoms die shells sink ocean floor mud millions diatom shells filters filters medicines photographs interested studying living things answer questions yes think scientific photographer scientific photographers pictures microscopic paramecia area microphotography remember pictures paramecia chapter scientific photographer scientific photography important job scientific photographers college degrees science excellent knowledge photography microscopic plants animals live waters ponds lakes streams oceans tiny plants animals found places wet part microscopes help study tiny plants animals larger animals depend microscopic plants animals food tiny living things important parts food chains water
animals active hibernation need air heartbeat slow active heartbeat ground squirrel beats minute hibernation heartbeat fewer times minute animals spend part winter resting bears beds caves sleep cold bears sleep lightly arise move warm winter days birds fly south escape cold birds stay places food turtles bury mud underneath streams earthworms coil big clumps frost line ground eggs insects hatch look parents monarch butterfly tiny eggs hatch wormlike larvae caterpillars larvae grow larger feed leaves milkweed plants caterpillars eat store energy stage butterfly monarch larva reaches length centimeters inches spins case chrysalis chrysalis pupa resting stage monarch weeks pupa case opens comes butterfly adult monarch butterflies moths flies insects stages egg larva pupa adult fall days short nights cold leaves stems plants change colors fall ground buds spring leaves flowers formed food spring stored roots stems plant
lakes streams clean water safe drink days large cities factories streams lakes spoiled pollution pollutes water cities wastes sinks toilets run sewers underground pipes waste materials travel sewers sewage cities sewage flows nearby streams kills fish plants water streams safe drink swim cities ocean throw trash garbage ocean pollutes important fishing areas factories kinds liquid wastes oil gasoline chemicals oil gasoline wastes oil refineries liquid chemicals dumped streams chemicals pesticides poisonous pesticides kill insect pests small amounts pesticides kill fish poisons fish survive live unsafe eat cities sewers lead sewage treatment plant harmful wastes sewage treatment plant chemical called chlorine added water chlorine kills germs water treated chlorine safe drink waste water sprayed air times chemicals air clean water safe put stream lake ocean seattle washington handle sewage sewage dumped lake washington lake polluted sewage treatment plant built today lake clean swim boat fish
going suppose playing game wear blindfold touch taste smell hear ways lot information touching tasting smelling seeing hearing basic senses look hands picture shaping clay pot pots thousands potters sense touch guide tools part body sense touch part body sense taste senses places skin feel things places ellen joe investigated stuck pins close large cork joe closed eyes gently ellen pressed flat pinheads joe fingertips joe feel pinheads ellen lightly pressed pinheads joe forearm feel places feel pinheads farther forearm fingertips places skin joe feel pinheads nerve endings nerve endings tiny threadlike parts inside skin special nerve endings feeling light touch joe ellen found nerve endings closer fingertips forearm skin feel light touches skin special nerve endings feeling temperature hot cold deep pressure pain nerve endings send messages brain large cablelike nerves
fun water plenty company swimming boating popular diving surfing fishing water sports swimming pool lake ocean water fun dangerous rules things safe water things need things surprise watch films astronauts floating space ships float free earth gravity downward pull pulled gravity astronauts weight words weightless imagine fun able float air push walls watch objects float earth closest feeling weightless swimming water holds body high buoys say body things float buoyant bathtub toys wood kickboards foam surfboards tire tubes float reason lot air amount air lighter amount water hard hold container air underwater buoyant think float need swim true body naturally buoyant air lungs body layer fat air fat lighter equal amounts water
fly kite ride airplane kite airplane flew atmosphere atmosphere layer gases air surrounds earth atmosphere ocean air moves moving air helps move kites sailboats hang gliders balloons air kind material materials weight air weigh balloon pricked air goes balance balloons upset balloon filled air weighs empty hanger pulled side balloon weighs seen air weight weight air pushes presses directions call pressing pushing air air pressure observe air pressure juan showed air pressure works poured water pan pan half full filled glass bottle water put thumb opening bottle turned bottle upside pan water took thumb water stay bottle pressure air pushing water pan held water bottle air presses water swim swim underwater swim downward feel pressure ears ride fast elevator top high building
think water find water air clouds rain snow water air water form water vapor water vapor noticed grass wet early morning wet dry night rain sun grass wet water held glass ice cold drink notice droplets water formed glass water glass think water glass dew grass flowers leaves early morning sun sets air cools grass ground cools coolness invisible water vapor air condense forms dew tiny drops water put ice water dry makes cold tiny drops water form water inside tiny water drops water vapor gas air water condensed form visible drops drops kind dew makes water condense ice inside starts melt
ocean storehouse water source food oil gas ocean floor oil wells gulf mexico persian gulf platforms built water wells drilled ocean floor thousands evaporated ocean water salt manganese diamonds ocean floor trying class want find gold dissolved ocean water ocean storehouse things need oceans water salt oil metals food fish ocean important food eaten fish thousands owns ocean storehouse countries wars fishing rights fish important matter february united states fishing rights changed law says countries fish kilometers miles shore countries laws kinds fish disappeared caught ocean storehouse food safe nations need agreements protect ocean protect oceans pollution living things killed sewage rivers carry oceans ocean storehouse food disappear leaving eat oceans studied young interested collecting things shore interest lifelong career marine scientists study ocean currents marine biologist studies marine animals plants
model earth sun models help understand objects things happen model shows half earth faces sun half half night live night side earth earth keeps turning axis night earth turns hours hours night mark wanted seasons model earth activity model shows earth tilted axis set lamp center table put empty food cans edges table labeled cans june september december march held model earth north america faced lamp sun set model marked june axis earth slanted sun light heat sun fell north america summer days warm happened mark model earth marked december axis earth slanted sun light heat sun fell north america winter days short cold mark model earth marked september fall days cooler shorter summer longer warmer winter mark model earth marked march spring
air mixture gases feel air breeze wind smell taste gases clean air chemists tell gases air put properties gases air oxygen gases air need oxygen stay alive healthy oxygen color smell taste chemists discovered oxygen acts ways ways oxygen combines iron rust maria experiment show oxygen combines iron steel wool pushed wad wet steel wool top olive jar set jar upside glass water observed things steel turned reddish brown color rust water risen part jar meaning results maria experiment steel rusted combined oxygen air jar oxygen part air jar removed water moved jar place missing part air oxygen gases air carbon dioxide carbon dioxide gas animals breathe air carbon dioxide color odor taste tiny amount gas air breath test chemists limewater test carbon dioxide
mary helped mother polish car noticed places car mary likenesses reflections shiny surface looked strange bent looked wheel cover saw strangest reflection reflections look strange ordinary mirror reflection looks makes difference look hand mirror likeness image face image mirror thing reflection shiny spoon true likeness face looks bowl spoon image looks upside mirror flat spoon curved image looks strange look surface flat look picture beginning chapter page surface mirror flat curved think light reflected eyes surfaces completely black reflect turn light surface page reflects light reflection mirror reflection page surface mirror smooth shiny light reflected mirror light strikes smooth shiny surface reflects light regular page shiny smooth photograph camera micro lens
changing distance pull bob change number swings minute carl experimented pendulum activity pulled bob centimeters inch counted number swings minute pull distance centimeters inches tried distances centimeters inches centimeters inches counted number swings minute carl believe answer pull distance difference later swings park swinging high swinging low change number swings minute call part experiment stays constant call part variable margaret carl decided find changing length string number swings minute margaret put blocks cup carl string length centimeters inches margaret pulled pendulum centimeters inches counted swings minute tried sure margaret pulled pendulum distance answer carl length string centimeters inches margaret pulled centimeters inches counted swings minute margaret carl repeated experiment record found pendulum swings slowly short pendulum count number swings minute measure rate
instrument humans measured sun rising setting sun separated night began study position sun sky divided dawn morning midday evening studied sun thought moved sky set sticks cast shadows marked sun position invention sundial divided hours sun light seen earth ways keeping invented slow burning candle device hourglass hour sand sifts top glass bottom stem separates parts eventually pendulum found ways measure today clocks measure ten thousandth clocks watches machines break wear favorite clocks watches watch repairer fixed watch repairers machinery timepieces gears springs pendulums special tools care watch repairer need special training watch repairers businesses companies sell watches pendulum hanging weight swings pendulums swing rates rate number times happens period centimeters kilometers hour examples rate rate pendulum swings length string changed upside pendulum called metronome
remember studying groups sets math class group things alike important record collection collection group member group school class group members group swimming team group members alike person thing member group members group common features characteristics members family brown eyes blonde hair characteristics common family group looking characteristics decide member group special characteristic group called baseball team members wear uniform teams mixed easiest group uniforms living thing organism organisms scientists special system classify put groups organisms characteristics characteristics help scientists decide group living things organisms divided groups called kingdoms kingdoms largest groups going study kingdoms plant kingdom animal kingdom plants animals living things organisms move grow change need oxygen food
thank green plant today seen question bumper sticker poster thankful green plants think green plants important part surroundings green lawns hillsides enjoy sitting shade trees hot sunny days beauty green plants important reason thankful biologists green plants food plants raw materials green plants release important gas air animals depend food green plants gas plants release air happen green plants earth living things need food order living plants nutrients soil air food animals eat plants eat animals animals eat plants animals green plants food green plants called producers produce food sat grass damp happened clothing likely grass stains clothes green stain caused material called chlorophyll chlorophyll pigment coloring material found green plants green plants chlorophyll chlorophyll green plants traps light energy sun plants light energy change carbon dioxide water food green plant water soil gas carbon dioxide air light energy sun process things put food called photosynthesis
harvester ants collect seeds store underground ants found dry places plants scarce harvester ants hard workers kinds ants grow food crops ants cut leaves plants leaves soil grow fungus fungus similar mold grows stale bread fungus raised leaf cutting ants colony source food think strange ants grow food stranger ants milk cows type ant colony lives insects called aphids aphids eat lots plant juices fat ants milk aphids juices type ant driver ant africa driver ants eat animals cockroaches spiders centipedes small animals killed left area driver ants look sources food eat chickens larger animals unable escape attack ants argentine ant interesting kind ant live parts including united states argentine ant millimeters inch colonies community thousands ants swarm kinds growing food impossible small animals ants natural enemies major pest southern united states california ants bees live colonies queen bee important colony queen ant queen bee controls bee colony
herds elephants roam place place search food effect environment eat large quantities food roam large areas unfortunately elephants compete land villages farms pushing elephant smaller feeding areas elephants spend hours grazing grass eating leaves trunks strip bark trees vegetation destroyed countries tried solve problem establishing national parks elephants magnificent animals survive tell zookeepers care animals zoo sure animals cages clean feed animals look signs illness zookeeper break fights animals zookeeper easy job animals valuable members endangered species zookeepers deal responsibility zookeepers college major zoology animal husbandry animal hospitals nurseries going school love animals wish zookeeper seen elephants circus zoo elephants roamed freely african asiatic elephants left animals danger extinct elephants largest land mammals living today mother elephants give birth babies feed milk elephants warm blooded hair bodies elephants spend eating order feed nourish huge bodies travel search food effect environment
received present wrapped beautiful paper package pretty open skin wrapping paper hides wonderful things body smooth nice looking skin pretty wrapping skin protects body ways sensitive heat cold pain pressure true hand flame burned skin senses danger pull skin protects body losing blood important fluids protects injuries hard bumps skin keeps dirt fluids material getting body skin grows everyday layers top layer layer oldest skin skin grows top skin dries rubbed skin grown underneath replaces dries rubbed deeper layers skin tiny blood vessels paper cut scrape kind injury bleed deeper layers skin hurt skin sweat glands small tubes produce salty fluid fluid called sweat warm sweat glands produce extra amounts fluid fluid runs skin tiny openings called pores moisture skin dries evaporates helps cool deeper layer skin roots hair root hair living
kinds color detecting cells cell detects discovers basic colors red green blue color cells called cones cone shaped types cones colorblind colorblind person number picture person colors detecting cells missing cells retina detect dim light called rods rod shaped dim light rod cells rods permit shape looked object dark room shape color watch person walk slowly room watching blink rapidly eye takes short image blink makes difference short things scientists call optical illusion kinds optical illusion kind retina continues send messages image brain short object find kind optical illusion activity flashlight swung image complete circle light single spot light moving image spot fades slowly earlier spots light moving pictures optical illusion
stone natural material ground centuries stone building material believed stone shelters caves later stone build homes stores fences things northeast area united states stone plentiful early colonists built stone shelters protect cold england winters noticed kind material house apartment house stone kind stone benefits living stone shelter stone building stone hard cut shaped soft crumbles useless stone building stone strong withstand weathering weathering wearing materials natural forces environment natural forces include water wind frost temperature forces wear stone stone tiny holes porous water soak soften temperature turns cold ice forms inside tiny holes forces stone break strength stone measured ways measure weight needed crush stone building stone crushing strength greater actually needed measuring stone tensile strength find strong stone stone tensile strength tells lengthwise force stone tearing
resource consider valuable speak natural resources mean materials found nature valuable trees natural resource metals iron lead copper fossil fuels oil coal natural gas natural resources valuable reasons natural resources tools build buildings manufacture kinds goods natural resource forget everyday soil soil valuable natural resources covers surface earth fact soil called earth soil bits rock organic materials animals plants grow die soil green plants wildlife food earth farmlands produce kilogram pounds grain human parts produce amount grain countries produce food crops reasons soil suitable growing crops water places weather cold dry hot growing crops soil fertile rich minerals water sun crops grow soil simple thing held soil hand difficult believe soil held form soil formed rock worn
amount water change sun shines produces heat heat water dry evaporate bodies water air moist air rises cools moisture air condenses turns liquid forms tiny water droplets ice crystals clouds formed cloud particles bump join grow size particles moisture condenses grow larger reach size particles fall rain snow rain snow forms precipitation diagram shows process known water cycle cycle repeated cycle series steps repeated water cycle water returned earth past fewer family tribe water streams springs population grew need clean water increased animals plants live water amount water change number keeps growing larger living large cities hard bring fresh water large numbers living cities major problems water face today need water fixed amount water problem water clean pure help support reasons water polluted polluted water substances harmful deadly living things
system includes suns planets moons called solar system solar means related sun found solar system scientists believe exist solar system space space sun planets moons sun force gravity holds planets moons orbit earth orbits mars jupiter tiny planets miniplanets known asteroids asteroids seen telescope small kilometers miles diameter resemble flying mountains bodies called comets travel solar system comet thought combination gases dust ice comet recognized tail comets returned solar system regularly predictions return halley comet large comet returns halley comet return meteors stony solid particles travel space leave trail light cross sky called falling stars shooting stars stars meteor comes close earth hot glows burns hits ground falls earth rocklike pieces called meteorites space exploration important discoveries samples moon rocks scientists clues earth moon existence
centuries put wind energy wind move sailing ships sea wind operate windmills windmills turn ground corn lifted water ground jobs experimenting kind windmill called wind turbine wind generator designs generators change wind energy electricity important sources electricity places strong steady winds think generators practical live sources energy sun scientists looking sources help supply energy needs matter tiny particles called atoms center atom called nucleus nucleus split energy released energy called nuclear energy uranium heavy metal found earth crust war scientists discovered energy uranium found splitting uranium nuclei releases lot heat energy nuclear energy splitting nuclei kilogram pounds uranium produces heat energy burning million kilograms pounds coal nuclear power plant uranium contained special fuel rods rods device called nuclear reactor nuclei split heat release heat water water turns steam steam turn turbine electric generator releasing giving energy called radiation heat kind radiation released uranium atoms split
positive electric charges negative electric charges object negative charge object positive charge brought close attract pull actually negative charges trying join positive charges vice versa objects kind electric charge brought repel words try push charges repel unlike charges attract proven number ways glass rods rubbed piece wool cloth rod hung string rod held rod held moved close hanging rod hanging rod moves held rod rods kind charge repel rubber rod place glass rods rods attract tell charges rods charged objects lose electric charges discharged charges lost slowly lost quickly balloon charged static electricity stick wall longer dry weather humid weather electric charges carried quickly moisture present object loses electric charge neutral shuffle rug touch doorknob charge body lost quickly feel shock
iron combines oxygen chemical change takes place chemical change substances form substance forms iron rusts iron oxide chemical substance call rust iron oxide rust properties iron oxygen seen properties iron gray oxygen colorless rust reddish brown differences properties substances water needed chemical change place water part reaction happens rusting water needed help combining oxygen iron chemical easily reversed substances broken form original substances rusting iron easy reverse change rust iron oxygen burning chemical change piece paper burned gases carbon ash formed changed paper eat food chemical place stomach intestines food eat changed substances cells melting chemical change water changed ice slicing tomato chemical change tomato cut pieces tomato think examples chemical remember change chemical substance formed melting ice slicing tomatoes examples physical matter physical change takes place substance formed
printing press invented copy message story book hand called scribes took books copy book expensive owned books fact read write imagine took handwrite page printing press copies quickly copy kind information want hundred ago took person north america week longer communicate europe communicate sending person letter end nineteenth century cables laid atlantic ocean cables connected north america europe continents telephone telegraph quickly expensive cable handle calls wanted problem handling large numbers telephone calls continents difficult step solve problem early bird launched early bird communications satellite satellite spacecraft orbits circles earth communications satellite serves special purpose messages place earth early bird weighed kilograms pounds handle telephone conversations communications satellites orbit weigh kilograms pounds handle calls satellites capable relaying calls
computers changing printing industry previously faster accurately cost run earn job computers caused printing industry lose jobs opened jobs computer industry happens newspaper computers reporters type news stories paper stories called typesetters typesetters put steel letters sentences paragraphs pages letters mold printing plate plate print page computerized newspaper reporters type stories directly computer computer controls platemaker computer arranges stories pages drives platemaker printing plates computerized newspaper printing plants cities main office york city computer stories arranged pages york city computer communicates computers cities communicating telephone lines satellites computers plants drive printing presses presses plants print newspaper means morning papers newsstands parts country computers california wait papers flown plane york took hours cost lot money small computers homes find computers home computers play games
today sitting classroom room school school community community part divisions nation united states nation continent north america north america continents earth map globe find location space point hour minute month century tell exactly space united states special location space existed period going study history geography united states history story happened past study history learn events shaped history tells past thought important united states thought education important schools today thought rights freedoms important free say think allowed meet vote worship choose government told happening today result past problems thought problems solutions acted actions past history country actions written records write study records past events called historians
maps called cartographers cartographers put information maps ways learn read kinds information learn lot maps order put information map cartographers symbols symbols signs stand symbols things lines dots stars drawings limit mapmaker cartographer explained map key key tells symbols map mean maps scale key scale tells distances map scale line kilometers miles says distance map stands distance earth scale figure places map suppose map scale says inch equals miles suppose distance places map inches places miles color ways map colors help tell land water show nation ends begins map shows nations states political map color show elevation map elevation high land surface oceans height ocean surface known sea level look scale scale colors show elevation choose color scale
coastal plain fertile land means growing crops north farmers grow vegetables raise dairy cattle cattle provide milk south farmers grow crops fruit vegetables cotton rice largest cities north america found coastal plain cities plain important famous waterways west coastal plain appalachian mountains mountains begin canada reach georgia alabama appalachians mountains formed millions ago worn wind weather today mountains rounded tops valleys steep sides parts appalachians land farming farm thin strips valleys land flat farmers grow barely eat coal found ground mountains coal black rocklike remains plants lived ago coal fuel valuable today stretching center north america central lowland plains largest areas flat land stretches northern canada gulf mexico originally northern western part area prairie prairie large area flat rolling grassland fertile soil trees plains east missouri river called central lowland fertile land
late european countries began discoveries french dutch english explored farther north spanish began settle north america soon spanish french dutch english colonies continent colony group settle distant land land ruled parent country french found furs fish gold explored areas parts canada united states jacques cartier led french groups explored atlantic coast st lawrence river samuel de champlain french founded settlement quebec montreal founded french explorers traveled canoes lakes mississippi river french traveled set small trading posts traded furs american indians native peoples trapped animals forests covered continent french active grand banks coast north america caught huge amounts fish dried catch sun took fish france activities brought french profit dutch explorers netherlands sailed middle atlantic coast henry hudson english captain important voyage working dutch hudson explored fine harbor called york harbor sailed hudson river named soon dutch began founding settlements area money trade english wanted share riches
tiny ship called mayflower sailed england crowded small ship passengers thirty passengers children half mayflower passengers pilgrims pilgrims group english protestants believed religious worship plain simple strict beliefs led separate church england called separatists england suffered religious beliefs set sail virginia planned start churches wanted worship pleased mayflower sailed weeks ran storms atlantic ship blown course arriving virginia pilgrims landed massachusetts anchored ship sandy coast cape cod weeks stayed ship small groups set explore area winter pilgrim leaders knew help needed group survive virginia decided stay set government pilgrims wrote famous agreement called mayflower compact agreed male pilgrims rules laws settlement pick leaders equal laws women rights allowed sign agreement european colonists decided rule pilgrims sailed area captain john smith explored smith named place plymouth map believe pilgrims landed plymouth rock large rock coast
colonists farmers cities growing quickly rapid growth bringing colonies philadelphia grew quickly english friends york center trade farmers crops philadelphia merchants exported shipped overseas sale philadelphia europe soon ministers bakers bricklayers educated teachers skilled workers designed clothes furniture houses barbers cut hair heads wigmakers found fancy ways put hair printing presses bookstores appeared city owned women cornelia bradford owned ran philadelphia mercury largest newspaper colonies trade europe touch european ideas newspapers printed news books imported bought europe books let americans educated europeans thinking growing cities philadelphia faced problems lived towns farms heavy traffic horse drawn carriages forced cities surface streets cobblestones paving stones streets rivers mud rained clouds dust dry weather living close cities needed sewers needed rules protect health diseases spread quickly widely causing epidemic epidemics smallpox typhoid killed thousands fires danger crowded wooden buildings burned quickly fire destroy sections city fire companies needed important philadelphian help meet needs city benjamin franklin
writers constitution divided powers government federal government states divided powers federal government constitution set government separate branches parts branch makes laws legislative branch branch carries laws executive branch government branch settles questions laws mean judicial branch branch power needed run country branch power check limit keeps branch government strong legislative branch called congress congress houses parts house representatives part closest number representatives depends population states representatives fewer representatives elected chosen area part congress senate senators elected representatives senators discuss proposals laws called bills bill law parts congress agree laws makes congress controls trade states nations print money decides money pay taxes federal government congress declare war important activities national government executive branch headed president president leader nation
thomas jefferson elected president united states served terms office greatest contribution president louisiana purchase jefferson president france owned land west mississippi river owned port city orleans orleans important american farmers living west appalachians wanted send goods mississippi ship orleans easier sending east mountain roads jefferson representatives france try buy orleans surprise french ruler napolean offered sell louisiana territory million jefferson bought territory doubled size united states look map page louisiana territory stretched mississippi rockies president jefferson band explore louisiana led meriwether lewis william clark lewis clark learn land climate animals plants territory study languages ways american indians area map rivers louisiana pacific ocean daring explorers reached pacific half later brave young shoshone woman named sacajawea guided lewis clark notes saw learned led millions settlers follow war broke britain united states reasons war reason british stopping searching american ships
mexican americans living california southwest spanish speaking pioneers frontier northern mexico founded settled western cities spanish names today mestizos indian spanish black ancestors treaty mexico promised mexican americans rights citizens united states citizen person member nation happened mexican american living government mexican americans soon outnumbered land gold rush california spanish speaking california spanish speaking thing happened texas arizona english speaking mexican americans small part population meant mexican americans power harder protect rights property spanish speaking americans treated english speaking americans ways mexican americans continued press rights elected positions government joined organizations discuss problems shared mexican americans spanish language newspapers encouraged vote told pride language learn english political problems mexico jobs jobs open united states mexicans moved part united states mexico
word industry meanings praised industry means steady effort industry garment industry makes kind product tourist industry supplies services promotes trade nation lot industry means large businesses manufacture goods sale word manufacture means hand manufacture products raw materials finished goods machines country manufactures sells goods called industrial nation united states industrial nation civil war factories built nation machines machines produce goods services machines travel longer distances send messages faster energy longer supplied wind water engines ran steam surface sources building materials wood began fuels building materials ground minerals earth raw materials industrial age steam engines drain water lift coal mines coal carbon carbon fuel wood heat burned coal iron making steel carbon makes iron hard strong eastern united states lot iron ore coal steelmaking important industry soon steel bridges replaced wooden bridges strong steel bridges carry railroad tracks wide rivers valleys
immigrants united states europe immigrants asia crossed pacific ocean west coast earliest asian immigrants arrive chinese believe chinese explorers discovered america columbus ch ing dynasty law forbade chinese leave land mid european nations began interfere china affairs wanted control china trade british attacked china coast took port hong kong chinese government lost power civil wars broke homes burned chinese left hungry poor chinese leave america chum ming young merchant landed california california gold rush began chum ming find gold news china chinese chinese immigrants arrived america families europe united states days women wild west early chinese immigrants boys united states pay wanted send money home save money families someday early chinese immigrants planned return china soon called sojourners sojourner plans live place short chinese settlers hoped stay chinese family members strong sense duty loyalty
mississippi river rocky mountains lived groups american indians comanches lived northern texas kiowas southern cheyenne lived kansas eastern colorado pawnee crow northern cheyenne sioux groups lived nebraska dakotas wyoming montana american indian peoples living plains plains peoples depended buffalo live buffalo large animal related ordinary cattle proper bison earlier times american indians hunted buffaloes foot horses spanish explorers brought horses north america horses escaped wild passed herds wild horses grew wandered grasslands early plains peoples learned capture ride hunting easier vast buffalo herds move order eat moved south north parts horses plains peoples follow stay close animals provided needed zona thunderhawk sioux teacher standing rock reservation north dakota describes sioux buffaloes braves hunted buffalo plenty meat killed sport shot buffalo brought camp women older women taught younger prepare skinned buffalo staked hide dried ground removed meat bones ate fresh
united states live large nation country covers square kilometers square miles million united states nations nations china india union soviet socialist republics united states powerful rich nation large army navy air force factories businesses nation system transportation united states reaches smallest town nation fairly easy move place place waterways highways railroads airlines connecting parts nation united states system communications communication includes ways send messages telephones radios televisions newspapers magazines part system help find going rest help touch united states ways share beliefs read beliefs later share common language english americans share common government expected follow laws americans objects drive kinds cars brands goods travel nation find things united states ways amount kinds things poor wealthy live
important neighbors happens canada mexico affects united states ways neighboring nations things common canada united states mexico share physical features nations coastlines look map north america page notice mountains run west side continent nations mountains east west flat land middle canada united states share rocky mountains plains lakes united states mexico share rio grande colorado river sharing physical features means nations alike ways nations coastlines ports canada mexico united states port cities send ships loaded goods neighboring nations things peoples canada united states built st lawrence seaway seaway opened st lawrence river oceangoing ships ships sail seaway carry goods atlantic ocean city lakes toronto detroit chicago nations built dams columbia river dams produce electric power canada united states canada united states trade canada resources united states needs resources petroleum timber united states manufactures products canada needs goods canada buys nations percent united states goods cars appliances machines
culture group share language language includes words ways language learn child lets communicate members group language shows important culture shows culture think culture war understand idea language words war weapon culture groups share beliefs belief think wrong bad true false culture group agree behavior wrong agreement behavior called norm norm shared belief members group behave norms written group knows norms believe telling lies wrong behavior children learn lie learn parents teachers parents teachers tell children lying wrong children learn watching honest truthful children learn honest truthful culture group share beliefs important important beliefs important called values suppose believe thing person idea important means thing person idea choices based values words bad talk values choose things think
grass birds red irish moss common living things grass birds roses elephants ants familiar irish moss happen live north atlantic coast grows important irish moss living thing seaweed seaweeds found oceans earth seaweeds kinds algae green red purple brown green coloring matter hidden red brown algae look green color hides green green algae makes important green plants green plants suppose plant kingdom animal kingdom large groups organisms living things divided classifying organisms putting groups makes easier scientists study organisms plant features animal features completely plant animal features plant animal scientists put organisms large group called protist kingdom chapter study group protists called algae singular algae alga algae simple organisms algae cell cell smallest unit part organism algae cells algae sizes shapes colors live types places
leaves food tree food gas called carbon dioxide water minerals energy sun carbon dioxide gas air water minerals soil water minerals food move tubes trees tubes stretch roots leaves tree look tree stump end board circles ends tubes set tubes carries water roots leaves set tubes carries food leaves parts tree roots important trees absorb minerals water soil roots hold plants firmly ground keeping trees anchored roots help prevent soil washing part water reaches leaves food water lost leaves passes leaves air order live leaves replace water fast lose leaves allowed dry lose weight weight loss due water loss measure part leaves water drying leaves mary ann activity weighed leaves days mary ann record notebook weight longer changed mary ann decided leaves lost weight going lose found leaves lost grams ounces divided grams grams ounces find part leaves water
octopuses squids cuttlefish nautiluses live oceans travel jet propulsion draw water squirt direction opposite want move forward backward nautiluses mollusks class shell squids cuttlefish shell structure inside bodies octopuses shell mantle covers body octopus holds shape octopuses squids cuttlefish large head large eyes tentacles arms surround heads mollusks class octopuses tentacles squids cuttlefish nautiluses tentacles catch sea animals eat kinds living octopuses small size adult fist grow large meters feet tip tentacle tip tentacle opposite side squids dark gray body red spots fins tail end range size centimeters inch meters feet cuttlefish brown purple spots small centimeters inches grow meters feet escape enemies octopuses squids cuttlefish squirt dark inklike material hide octopuses squids defense hide changing color match surroundings animals colored change color match surroundings nautiluses univalves coiled shell chambers rooms
whales warm blooded animals means body temperature remains change temperature surroundings whales belong group animals called mammals mammals characteristics mammals hair fur bodies female mammals produce milk young mammals breathe air lungs marine mammals live ocean mammals breathe air order live whales surface air breathe air stay underwater period kinds whales stay underwater hours coming air whales characteristics common mammals special characteristics enable live ocean feature shape whale body shaped torpedo cigar shaped shape helps move water whale powerful tail tail propel water whale skin layer oily fat called blubber blubber helps whale float prevents heat loss blubber helps animal maintain constant body temperature icy waters whale nostrils top head nostrils open blowhole head position makes whale breathe body stays water surface whale breathes say blows air breathes lot water vapor water vapor condenses tiny water droplets thing happens breath cold steaming
body things moving movement form energy need energy move body walking running rest body needs energy stay alive body source energy food eat food energy stored food digested carried cells body energy set free released body oxygen energy released food oxygen gas air breathe gas body steady supply oxygen needed cell helps break burn food process energy released gas carbon dioxide formed carbon dioxide waste removed cells oxygen enters body air breathe inhale carbon dioxide leaves body air breathe exhale breathe inhale air body oxygen exhale air body rid carbon dioxide respiration scientists burning food oxygen cells respiration energy living released need energy constant stop breathing minutes longer stay alive think happens body important respiration parts body oxygen remove carbon dioxide respiratory system parts
circulatory system pump large number tubes fluid pump heart tubes blood vessels fluid blood circulatory system important jobs carry needed materials food oxygen body cells remove waste products cells heart blood vessels blood form vital lifeline cells important part play keeping lifeline working heart muscular organ size fist lies chest slightly left center heart pumps beats times minute say heart beats mean muscles heart contract shorter thicker beating heart pushes blood rest body heart special muscle average person beats times minute times times tired muscles inside heart rooms chambers upper chambers called atrium left side called left atrium atrium blood vessels lead atrium lower chambers called ventricle left ventricle ventricle blood vessels lead ventricles chambers heart hold blood pumped body look drawing notice doors valves chambers
suppose flipped coin times heads probability toss heads think probability low heads row fact probability half flipping coin toss coin probability half heads half tails jason wondered probability head half gotten tails row probability applies large numbers events coin tossed million times probability applies remember squares show gene combinations fact squares show probability consider coins suppose tossed ways land pairings coins shown square consider coin land land tail possibilities listed top side square predictor predicts combinations says coins possibilities heads tails probability heads outcomes heads probability heads fourth probability head tail outcomes head tail probability fourths simplified half
person cross united states bicycle thomas stevens pound high front wheeler rode pushed carried terrible roads took days john marino bicycled california york days hours minutes pilot human powered plane pedaling air pedals fastened chain plane propeller pilot pedals propeller blades turn ways plane bicycle alike interested bicycle business ways part making packaging moving bicycles stores stores sell service repair bicycles jobs bicycle repairers repair bicycles bicycles steel wire rubber leather businesses bicycle parts accessories bicycles accessories lights horns carrying packs baskets special clothing shoes design bicycles improve bicycle parts bicycles pedals bicycles large front wheel pedals safety bicycle smaller wheels driven chain modern bicycles gears changing gears moves chain gear wheel distance covered bicycle wheel related size wheel hurt bicycles machine bicycle accidents occur faulty bicycles careless riders bad weather inability control bicycles bicycle riders protect learning control bicycles riding safe routes
studying layers earth mining coal ores coal ores found layers wide areas prospectors search deposits coal ores look layers similar ores found knowledge earth layers helpful locating drilling oil natural gas oil geologists scientists kinds rock formations likely oil look deposits places strata similar layers areas oil found oil gas trapped porous rock layers layers surrounded layers water rock porous porous rock tiny spaces oil collects oil geologists map area think oil drill ground remove core chart layers beneath surface scientists history earth scientists study remains plants animals called paleontologists job discover plants animals longer exist paleontologists collect fossilized materials careful notes fossils found classify materials according plant animal families probable ages paleontologists help scientists help geologists locate natural resources petroleum gas archeologists study lived ago help weather scientists learn earth climate paleontologist college study geology
suppose temperature air ordinary thermometer find called dry bulb temperature thermometer find dry bulb temperature dry bulb thermometer wrap bulb thermometer wet towel wet bulb thermometer lowest temperature wet bulb thermometer called wet bulb temperature table page wet bulb temperature side side air wet bulb dry bulb thermometers look air dry wet bulb temperature dry bulb temperature air filled water vapor wet bulb dry bulb temperatures water evaporate wet bulb amount water air compared amount hold called relative humidity air holds water vapor relative humidity percent air holds half water relative humidity percent picture desert san francisco picture shows air high relative humidity shows dry air air low relative humidity chart find relative humidity kathleen found dry bulb temperature room temperature chart found dry bulb temperature column kathleen found wet bulb temperature line column line cross relative humidity percent
astronomer scientist collects studies explains facts stars heavenly bodies early observers skies astronomers observations correct observations merely interesting certainly early astronomers nature stars stars sun star recognized relationships stars modern astronomers recognize star patterns seen named ago patterns describe location stars look sky stars brighter twinkle stars look close earth look dim astronomers found stars hundreds times larger sun thousands times brighter stars look small farther sun stepped moving spacecraft half million reach nearest star sun distances measured astronomers measure distances stars light light distance light travels comparison idea stars suppose beam light leaves sun minutes beam reach eyes million kilometers million miles sun closest star closest known star solar system alpha centauri half beam light leaves alpha centauri reach eyes
oil companies sources information locate oil pools companies find area think oil drill holes earth find oil uncommon drill holes area finding oil drilling crew spend months drilling drilling bit cut earth attached drill pipe rotary table turns drill pipe bit hole deepens meter foot sections drill pipe added meters feet drill pipe mud pumped drill pipe mud carries cuttings hole drill pipe mud strenghthens wall hold steel pipe called casing put wall caving bit hits oil drill pipe removed oil pushed natural gas water pressure pumped exists ground oil called crude oil crude oil petroleum crude oil run cars heat homes refined changed gasoline heating oil products process refineries billions barrels crude oil pass oil refineries crude oil shipped tankers wells distant refineries oil tankers accidents oil spills oil spill oil floats greenish substance water oil spills occur broken drilling rigs ocean
carbon element important food bodies carbon compounds materials carbon compounds include plastics fertilizers dyes medicines large amounts carbon manufacture rubber carbon dioxide fire extinguishers dry ice coal oil important sources energy society depends fuel electricity lives comfortable coal oil scientists thought special force living things plants animals carbon compounds thought able compounds laboratory scientists compounds found plants animals learned synthetic carbon compounds synthetic carbon compounds exist nature laboratory compounds synthetic fibers fibers fabrics fibers nylon polyester rayon chemical laboratories employ chemical lab technicians research labs technicians help develop substances fibers medicines building materials testing labs help identify substances parts blood clues left criminals poisons pollute environment lab technician working laboratory equipment team chemical lab technicians high school education college training college graduates forms element carbon difference purest forms carbon graphite diamond due arrangement atoms
parts rain polluted happening burning fossil fuels factories power plants automobiles producing large quantities pollutants pollutants interact atmosphere produce rain snow acidic rainwater ph common samples ph low collected acid snow rain fall surface earth snow rain drinking water wild birds animals sink ground plant known effects acid rain snow scientists say discover effects known scientists say late plants animals extinct acid rain trying laws help control acid rain chemistry teachers feel magicians pour clear liquids suddenly white flakes form glass dip string pot boiling liquid pull rock candy interesting fun amaze students magic chemical chemistry teachers prepared amaze students learn subject need college earn master science degree school chemistry teachers study science mathematics learn structure matter substances combine chemical things interest chemistry teacher materials classified acids bases neutral
machines today combinations kinds simple machines complex machines car engines simple machines machines controlled humans machines control machines built factory scientific areas hot cold poisonous fumes radioactive material humans safely areas computer controlled machines called robots job robots look machine resemble human arms robots chores lifting carrying loads assembling machinery automobile mechanics machines cars tools mechanics machines socket wrenches combine levers gears jacks screw lever types pulleys lift engines cars automobile mechanics simple machines repair complex machines automobile mechanics high school graduates courses science shop trade school high school job training force push pull simple machines help lift heavy loads increasing force apply loads lift heavy load applying small force levers inclined planes wedges screws pulleys wheels axles simple machines machines increase force distance increases lift heavy weight small force weight travel greater distance pulley combination wheels ropes lift heavy weights fixed pulleys change direction force movable pulleys change direction force multiply wheels axles combination small large wheel turn
planets circling sun moons moon body moves planet moon moves planet planet moves star earth moon planets sun planets moons solar system solar means sun look picture solar system shows planets closest sun shows planets farthest shows sizes planets compared planets light heat sun planets close sun hot cold find hottest planets picture find coldest earth planet sun hot cold animals plants earth air water food needed support earth divide months days takes earth full trip sun month takes moon full trip earth look diagram shows lighted part moon size shape moon moves earth takes earth spin axis earth axis imaginary line runs north pole south pole north pole northern point earth south pole southern point earth
patterns wind affect climate winds bring cold air north pole united states winds bring warm air gulf mexico climate depends elevation land highlands cooler lowlands suppose equator area low climate hot high mountain climate cool tops mountains tropics covered snow happens air thinner thin air holds heat climates earth special names names names regions regions special kinds weather land forms natural plants tundra treeless plain arctic region north pole tundra cold dry weather tundra ground frozen tundra large region continental climate northerly parts continental area subarctic climate subarctic means arctic subarctic areas cool warm summer winters cold subarctic areas moisture tundra southerly parts continental area humid continental climate summer mild hot rain winter weather cold wet steppes large plains called continental grasslands steppes stretch european part soviet union central asia areas hot cold winters hot summers rain winter summer
maps tools ways give kinds information street map help find place want visit highway map shows direction distance city maps show amount things places map show amount rain falls parts nation map show wheat grows parts continent maps called distribution maps distribution means dividing parts shares distribution map shows things divided scattered area earth look map resources central south america page map distribution map map pages shows climates look map pages shows number square kilometer mile earth kinds distribution maps distribution maps valuable maps information information easier understand lists facts figures political map shows nations show parts nations states map shows borders nations parts border line divides nation part nation border called boundary political map show borders ways show lines borders show nations parts colors
greeks ago greatly influenced europe united states rest theater literature architecture art owe greeks affected views history philosophy science owe sports ancient greeks set standards beauty learning important today ancient greece centered mainland southeastern europe nearby islands greeks lived parts asia minor mediterranean look map page greece ancient civilizations asia africa greeks borrowed ideas cultures changed ideas added producing civilization mainland greece mountainous overland travel difficult mediterranean sea highway ancient greeks let trade ancient peoples allowed borrow lend ideas think ancient greece think period called classical age classical greece reached height advanced cultures greece hundreds major culture minoan culture island crete south mainland greece culture mycenaean culture rose greek mainland later earlier cultures foundation civilization classical greece civilization arising greece centered place minoan mycenaean cultures scattered country look map page greece complicated geography
important events history occurred roman empire jesus christ born town bethlehem judea province rome jesus founder christianity religions calendar dates erroneously thought jesus birth letters mean christ letters stand latin words anno domini meaning lord system historians discovered jesus actually born earlier thought jesus born jewish family lived early town nazareth known testament christian part bible tells story jesus testament writers describe religious ideas preached palestine begin preach jesus teachings differed traditional jewish beliefs jewish leaders began fear jesus gathered followers romans governed palestine fear jesus put death jerusalem romans ideas jesus christ lived written testament basis christianity religion deep roots judaism jewish religion jesus followers known christians spread religion roman empire death palestine christians roman governors officials expected christians behave peoples empire
christianity main religion europe middle ages religious movements growing strong faith islam religion followers muhammad muhammad arab lived today saudi arabia arabs muhammad worshiped gods muhammad believed taught god allah allah arabic word god muhammad allah taught muhammad lived area visited traders jerusalem knew teachings jews christians muhammad told footsteps moses jesus muhammad popular religious teacher soon followers died teachings written collected book called koran holy book islam muhammad followers called muslims means faithful arabic arabs muslims set spread religion lands muhammad taught holy war spreading faith thing muslim armies rode desert arabia expand religion conquest arabs quickly conquered huge areas century controlled palestine mesopotamia persia north africa spain looked europe muslim important battle took place tours france christian army led charles martel defeated muslim army battle highpoint arab conquests group power muslim lands
western europe farming highly mechanized means machines poorer countries eastern europe farm hand west germany norway harvesting crops hand european nations export sell abroad farm products denmark exports dairy products france united states agricultural exports poland exports food european nations switzerland import buy abroad food wheat producers soviet union food needs times shortage soviets import grain nations european nations industrial agricultural means earn money factories farms europe important industrial areas kinds industries located machinery poland west germany soviet union british isles exported countries scientific instruments switzerland west germany sold cars exported italy sweeden france west germany soviet union seen cars nations streets community southern europe industry northern europe nations rich trouble finding money build factories european nations perform services switzerland banking centers insurance companies headquarters gold exchanged london gold market
britain developed huge industries produced wealth goods britain needed places sell goods needed sources raw materials secure markets materials build empire group colonies lands controlled country industrial revolution english sailing seas exploring founding colonies lands english began establishing colonies north america early thirteen colonies later united states colonies part british empire united states independent remained important british trading partner france set colonies north america lay north west british colonies british french fought wars north america finally war french indian war issue settled british gained control french canada later end american revolution british lost original colonies canada today canada independent nation remains part commonwealth nations group headed united kingdom includes british colonies independent wish ties britain british empire strong central america south america couple british colonies coast british islands caribbean sea independent remain british british empire strong asia india england established claims india east india company end
france today answer question depend part france visited look map europe page find paris capital city france modern city filled cars modern subway system paris tall buildings parts paris hundreds ago normandy area northwestern france towns normandy lived centuries farm machines rural france hand tools cut stack hay fields horses tractors france today land contrasts france natural resources fertile land forests nearness ocean encourages fishing trade france mild climate favors growth crops france important mineral resources iron ore coal potash bauxite ore mined making aluminum uranium important mineral resource heavy metal fuel nuclear power plants natural gas petroleum found france nation energy needs filled imported petroleum nonetheless france resources needed industry french workers farms factories farmers produce crops ranging grapes wheat farm production increasing food exported french factories supply goods parts wide variety things include cars fine perfumes fashionable clothing french capital resources develop industries
asia largest continent imagine going travel vast asian land mass snowcapped mountains walk crowded cities farmers working fields hear languages things learn asia strange things familiar cities modern buildings streets crowded cars signs advertising products familiar asian countries speak english programs united states asian television ways asia united states look map pages find ural mountains europe asia follow land east pacific ocean find arctic ocean north follow land south indian ocean land asia locate mediterranean sea southwest find seas surround asia continent asia divided major regions north asia southwest asia south asia southeast asia east asia look map page find regions north asia consists siberia asian parts soviet union studied soviet union unit iii southwest asia includes peninsulas asia minor arabia extends east mediterranean sea afghanistan indian subcontinent makes south asia southeast asia large peninsula indochina thousands large small islands east asia includes china japan nearby nations chapter unit study continent nation australia island nation zealand
southwest asia parts northeastern africa called middle east study african parts middle east unit lesson read nations southwest asia western country southwest asia turkey small part turkey europe south turkey mediterranean island nation cyprus east cyprus mainland southwest asia palestine area dominated israel israel controls lands held arab neighbors egypt jordan syria study egypt unit africa part egypt sinai peninsula southwest asia southeast palestine oil rich arabian peninsula saudi arabia occupies area small nations ring arabian peninsula persian gulf arabian sea red sea include kuwait bahrain qatar united arab emirates oman countries called yemen arab nation iraq borders saudi arabia northeast iraq nation similar iran eastern nation southwest asia afghanistan find main areas nations region map page countries southwest asia ruled dominated britain france today independent nations began gaining independence war free southwest asia natural resources israel turkey minerals coal iron generally lacking region parts southwest asia petroleum half known oil supply middle east
today china huge nation billion soviet union canada land nation large population island taiwan ruled nationalists today china taiwan nations china communist taiwan country million growing capitalist economy european colonies remain coast southern china british colony hong kong portuguese colony macao hong kong prosperous economy korean peninsula borders china northeast divided communist north korea capitalist south korea korea wealthy island nation japan nations colonies region east asia mao tung communists won immediately began change china things give land peasants land large landowners divided peasants peasants farmed land large farming units called cooperatives peasant family small piece land farm land wished cooperative farms combined communes huge farming communities included families families lived barracks individual houses land owned commune longer private plots system peasants hard output farm products fell communes success commune divided production brigades groups families
look political map latin america page latin america land nations nations latin america answer things helped give latin america nations important reason european nations set colonies area late number european countries began set trading posts nations portugal spain france england netherlands posts run trading companies companies permission rulers nations business traders brought raw materials sugar spices precious metals gold silver europe loaded ships manufactured goods cloth guns sell trading posts grew colonies control colonies passed trading companies european governments colonies provided raw materials precious metals markets european owners system known mercantilism colonies forced trade european nation owned prevented making european products colony compete ruling nation money markets naturally european nation wanted claim places islands ports coast americas quickly seized european nations latin america spain portugal managed portugal claimed eastern part south america spain took rest spanish government encourage traders settlers colonies
andean nations mineral resources petroleum ecuador peru produces copper silver bolivia tin petroleum natural gas zinc tungsten paraguay agricultural nation exports meat wool unlike latin america live small towns villages large cities region poor read write feel attachment villages nation live spanish region found indian societies empire inca stretched ecuador peru bolivia look map incan empire page paraguay spanish found groups guarani indians lived hunting fishing incan empire civilization farming complex altiplano terraced fields irrigation systems river valleys roads bridges crossed mountainous land relay runners bring goods messages quickly incan emperor empire cities built carved stone stand today rulers wore beauitful gold silver ornaments farmed herded animals skilled workers builders spanish invaded incan empire spaniards led francisco pizarro brought empire control spanish quickly took land indians put haciendas farms owned spanish spanish tore magnificent indian temples sites stones build roman catholic churches spaniards silver discovered potosi
brazil rest latin america important ways major difference history indian peoples originally hunters moved place place europeans began settle brazil coasts indians chose fight killed caught europeans happened indians rest latin america brazil indians retreated interior europeans live rain forests amazon river valley europeans settled brazil portuguese explorers landed present city salvador portuguese began colonize brazil later portuguese fight colony french dutch english tried brazil portugal portugal brazil spain controlled rest latin america spanish tried brazil treaty nations signed treaty spain portugal divided lands east dividing line including brazil belonged portugal lands west line including rest latin america belonged spain portuguese influence strong brazil brazilians speak portuguese churches public buildings patterned sidewalks portugal brazilians roman catholics portuguese brought roman catholic religion brazil today brazil portuguese african important brazil differs rest latin america lands caribbean beginning mid portuguese brought thousands black africans brazil slaves
diane mon amour coming bed eyes shone remembered words eighteen anxious bed shy love hour moment filled felt paintings shown glowed luster love remembered eyes sat studio watching pile knees making notes frowning read smiling irresistible looked alors madame picasso ready stop lunch minute look peek easel waiting jump protest saw teasing eyes stop till painting shocking nude laughter lighting dazzling blue eyes monsieur upset absolutely re young paint shocking nudes big green eyes open wide seriousness words replaced father ways marc voice authority strength relied overwhelmed father died godsend suddenly marc edouard duras appeared lived series aunts uncles father death welcomed deanna presence midst
phone buzzed softly desk sighed sat house line doubt margaret asking wanted coffee studio marc deanna ate room home breakfast ritual meal shared yes voice soft smoky quality lent gentleness words deanna call paris won downstairs fifteen minutes tell margaret want eggs fried burned crisp newspapers margaret waiting table bon tout de suite morning sleep love papers black skirt passport deanna eyes filled tears wiped hand didn deliberately simply didn care black skirt slippers latest painting coming glanced shoulder wistfully closed door studio begun margaret heard rustling papers dining room opened kitchen door customary smile morning mrs duras morning margaret precision grace orders kindness smile newspapers carefully set order importance coffee immediately table delicate limoges pot belonged marc mother curtains pulled weather observed manned station donned mask began
eyes found nodded yes fine miss terribly looking road quickly change mind join mother pilar cap antibes smiled wife won smiled tetue va stubborn love wondered teasing sparkle eyes studied handsome profile car care won don terribly hard useless admonition knew won smiled tenderly enjoy minute knew true hope salco case comes favor sure marc edouard duras unbearably arrogant told today woman love reached hand took turnoff airport touched fingers gently think night rare meshing bodies cherished ma diane love darling pulled hand lips gently kissed tips fingers wish days yes carefully put hand seat left fingers intertwined suppose holiday watched eyes wide childlike
deanna smiled champagne protest interrupted collectors wanted ben ear hands full clock deanna drifted slowly gallery watching prospective buyers admiring gustave stopped paintings heard familiar voice turned surprise studying technique deanna jim looked laughing irish eyes don ask collecting culture guess waved vaguely group door dragged stiff drinks art lover core wore usual warm smile uncomfortable stirring wanted jim sullivan ben gallery wasn sure jim face eyes soul defensively reached familiar subject heard marc eyed warily moment shook head telegram left able call wrong carmel weekend kim added quickly unnecessarily tried call suppose athens sullivan nodded gazed friends deanna gaze glance fell immediately stunning chestnut haired girl gowned shimmery silver jim model jim saying love run
rolled bed lying elbow hair tousled beautiful watched silently smiling voice husky whisper ear fingers played slowly chest stomach love looked intently eyes searching love chantal remarkable admission marc edouard duras knew believed deanna chantel smiled lay eyes closed moment concern eyes course lie tell seriously chantal look frantic worry crossed face smiled fine took insulin properly today fatherly concern passion moment forgotten yes took stop worrying want try watch bathtub smiled happily felt totally peace mind mind re tired tired mon amour tired vanished love clock afternoon lay quietly side side care afternoon smiled mischievously grinned answer plans absolutely want shopping loved indulge spoil admire drink
handed seashells walked water knees discarded sandals hours looked tall happy boy playing surf smiled watched want race looked mischievously side accepted challenge amusement pilar mother racing beach children felt girl pounding damp sand breathless wind tousled stopped laughing breath shaking head thundered past give shouted words nodded loped beach halt sunk sand sun set glints red dark hair let sat looking sea catching breath moment looked knowing sea colored eyes waiting deanna waited interminable looking leaned slowly whispering words windswept darkness hair deanna love couldn stop felt arms mouth close gently arms quickly mouth hungry sat holding touching faces gazing eyes words spoken didn need words stopped
ben smiled deanna voice reached spare room late sunday night weekend carmel need help heard shout gurgle laughter hour climbed bed going opened door spare room worked staggering hold tenuously piled stack canvases started slide mountain boxes propped wall help avalanche peeked small paintbrush clenched teeth arms held aloft trying pile paintings crashing floor sign noticed forgotten sign shoved paintings lifted arms hands filled mountain bent head kiss tip nose paintbrush mouth looked expression absentminded pleasure thinking paintings knew sign put paintings carefully reached brush hand thing mouth hands free look silenced immediately kiss dummy coming bed pulled close nestled smile minute finish
ready pulled front gallery god arms eyes wide held close moment swept inside photographer waiting considerable number guests art critics force saw kim developing cozy relationship gentlemen press sally hovered agog beautiful heather blue dress evening smash gallery sold paintings moment felt parting friends didn want give paintings ben teased introduced admirers ben wonderful nearby close supportive obvious benjamin thompson iii gallery owner extraordinaire known affair discreet morning kim deanna knew fear moment afraid marc hear knew shows guess guessed night kim huge bouquet flowers house felt personally responsible match deanna ben professional standpoint course aware wondered deanna told marc opening later evening deanna told kim say wasn pleased
exchanged smile things kim left haunted deanna face seen left kim deanna slowly driven home check mail pay bills wasn meeting ben till place quiet dinner maybe walk movie kind things didn children pressures wanted spend weeks spent months simply quietly ben wanted mrs duras margaret waiting turned key door wearing look tension deanna understand margaret thought older woman looked pale reached hall table realized housekeeper staring margaret wrong voice insistent looked hard woman dark blue uniform ben calls margaret trailed knowing say wasn sure worry mrs duras feeling mister duras deanna stood straight madame duras mother say frown deanna eyes wrong don spoke operator paris wants call paris mean antibes margaret deanna knew housekeeper shook head emphatically
mommy voice growing weaker shh don talk remember playhouse garden dreaming dog augustin funny terrier deanna remembered replaced pug cat bird finally pets marc edouard animals house send augustin family country country think happy deanna pattered eyes sought marc mean worse reminded suddenly tiny baby boy moved arms hours died phillipe edouard sign improving knew mommy augustin ask papa voice child deanna closed eyes took quick breath talk papa marc eyes suddenly filled fear looked pilar deanna dog cherie wonderful dog floppy ears waggly tail looking find head find words put mouth want augustin voice plaintive nurse signaled pilar drifted didn notice leaving room paced hall saying thinking deanna reached marc hand hell kirschmann coming soon
merde alors expect daughter dies days ago want announce deanna want divorce hasty chantal occurred re taking unfair advantage situation felt torn women worlds felt odd kind pressure chantal kind emotional blackmail told tragedy chantal suffered loss women wanted choice painful choice realized week deanna happy leave forgive seen airport night pilar death didn want lose deanna wife needed respected link pilar leaving deanna leaving home couldn give chantal excitement passion joy looked chantal exasperation ran hand hair understand soon knows maybe soon maybe dammit chantal bit patient let sort things live live supposed weeks sit waiting months return alors twenty met nearly thirty
nodded silently walked side room looking window gently rolling hills easy talk kinds things voice soft half married sure loved spoke turning love deanna felt tears sting eyes barely say word love wife habit care didn answer turned look intense pain face soon pilar death deanna didn speak face trembled spoke pilar deanna word strode room saw head bent walking garden eyes filled tears watched past days felt end moment didn think ben marc return house hour found asleep look exhaustion black circled eyes wearing makeup contrast raspberry silk bedspread thought face looked green wandered main hallway study moment sat staring phone started dial answered ring
door house kitchen locked key called kim asked rent car station wagon explain later grocery store deliver dozen boxes equipment studio easily photographs albums fit paintings neatly stacked stairs suitcases waited packed picked phone asked margaret help working studio knew marc left house didn follow studio left room silence house deafening end quietly silence put past dozen boxes valises leaving furniture france paintings rugs silver mother france collected studio art books brushes paints trinkets bits pieces liked worth clothes jewelry sell eat found job taking paintings meant sell pilar painting sell treasure lifetime rest
opened door looked light sound obviously asleep car garage didn margaret light shining door hall entire house put small light hung coat saw note paper stuck frame mirror door friend reached paper held sudden odd feeling clutching heart stood moment waiting hear voice foot stairs looked heard silence slowly opened folds paper eyes swam head pounded read loved darling bye loved past tense knew told thing baby knew lied baby chantal knew seen chantal paris night feet lead tried race stairs find deanna asleep bed happened hoping calling real couldn didn want run bed find asleep reached room found dreaded empty
smiling car de sac minutes left kim glanced piece paper quickly saw house hidden large daisy bushes surrounded picket fence wondered home maybe wasn frightened say angry couldn bear months dreams car walked slowly door hear moving inside radio softly playing jazz rang bell knocked quickly expected voice rang house hi kim open opened mouth tell wasn kim closed quickly didn want truth inside saw moment pushed door open hand standing bright front room called painting bedroom felt guts melting listened voice months simply stood spot waited wanted say couldn felt didn strength called kim
hey billy called cars count nino heard words didn shouted didn billy left curb stand cars billy repeated boys looking nino nino looked ground looked high blue sky looked line cars street cars looked alike nino car thought count cars don nino shook head billy cars nino opened eyes wide wouldn cry front billy boys billy laughed ran curb kid count cars boys laughed nino opened eyes wider curled fingers helped hold tears didn help count cars boy nino jeff nino saw jeff looked friendly nino slowly nino jeff asked italy nino italy jeff eyes sparkled hey cross ocean didn cross ocean words jeff nino feel fingers began uncurl nino smiled jeff don cars
jonathan live country lived edge big city father wrote books wanted quiet found nice farmhouse country jonathan going school soon stepped school bus left children rushed join knew hi children shouted hi davy hi pete called called hi jon jonathan stood holding lunch box looked laughing shouting children saw strange faces boy call girl knew knew jonathan jonathan saw bus driver coming girl ran bus driver keeping reached jonathan called hi wiley glad met bus driver morning glad call hi jonny bus driver girl class melissa looked melissa melissa jonathan hi melissa jonathan calls jon jon melissa school melissa took tight hold jonathan hand jonathan didn budge let let want jonathan pulled hand melissa
melissa took step backward stepped jonathan sandwich dear cried melissa looking feet look peanut butter shoe look sandwich jonathan sandwich cookies girl handing jonathan package cookies wrapped wax paper broken bits dime boy asked picking jonathan picked lunch box looked inside guess don lunch box jonathan teacher miss adams opened door saw crowd chldren jonathan going melissa fell boy picked dime took lunch box jonathan stepped peanut butter sandwich helping melissa helping jonathan didn want helped melissa miss adams didn jonathan miss adams putting jonathan head line follow jonathan miss adams jonathan miss adams rest children jonathan walked hall classroom jonathan carried lunch box hand dime bowl soup lunch thought lunchtime miss adams led children lunchroom filled tables benches
judy put box henry house bed put soft white cotton judy water fountain henry bottle tube hung bottle upside henry water wants judy henry liked house judy henry fun house ran sawdust floor drank fountain eat wanted tired sleep soft bed henry liked mike judy judy taught henry trick taught eat hand judy taught white mouse trick put food house rang bell soon henry knew bell judy rang bell henry running mike taught henry trick put nut pockets henry sniffed sniffed ran mike pocket nut henry knew nut sunday mother making pancakes put bit pancake batter pan henry mother judy henry house rang henry bell henry running took pancake judy hand sat began eat henry pancake sunday
tall grass zoo camels desert tigers jungle lions plains cages fences keepers tall grass zoo touch animals hold carefully hand look magnifying glass tall grass zoo backyard earthworm crawls ground night eyes ears mouth body rings ring covered tiny bristles help earthworm crawl pushes bristles soil pulls soil ring ring acrobat climbing pole earthworm helps plants grow crawling ground breaks soil lets air rain seeds earthworm swallows earth crawls brings top hole turns soil gardener turns spade earthworm hardest working gardener lift stone rotting log chance ants queen lays lots eggs hundreds children nurses care babies workers builders soldiers
ago america country lived brave gentle named john chapman john loved doors walk miles woods trees flowers happy thoughts walk john sat tree rest felt warm sun fresh grass tickling toes john took apple sack ate finished looked hand left brown seeds john thought planted apple seeds land soon filled apple trees john chapman lived country settled pioneers leaving travel west homes villages roads indian trails covered wagons pioneers dangerous journey wilderness wanted build lives part country john chapman didn travel covered wagon walked bare feet carried weapons days protect wild animals danger carried large sack filled apple seeds cooking pan head walked john planted seeds gave bagful saw soon knew called johnny appleseed
grompet grompet grompet yelled grompet sat front yard squashed sorry lisa didn front yard squashed don forget look sit lisa sighed looked grompet sound mother grompet close looked lisa lisa looked grompet lisa told sorry squashed front yard squash front yard ask tell story sorry lisa didn supposed ask story sound uncle george shouted grompet burst tears poor grompet lisa feel running told makes mad sad smashes spills yells grompet stopped crying don tell story yelled sorry lisa grompet tell mine uncle george told eat breakfast pull socks vitamin pill didn tell stood shrank lisa grompet frowned stand shrink
crawled mushroom brushed lisa lisa picked sat knee picked leaf beard grompet smiled lisa smiled love grompet love lisa home care tell happy grompet shrink lisa sit shoulder going home lunch lunch piano lesson don forget lisa grompet skipped path flowers butterflies home lisa mother saying lisa wash hands face lunch ready hurry yes mother lisa upstairs put grompet washbowl wash wings face grompet don forget ears grompet washed wings face ears lisa helped dry lisa put shoulder downstairs lisa grompet soup peanut butter sandwiches lunch don beard soup soup beard grompet lisa grompet happy ate lunch lisa happy ate lunch didn spill thing lunch lisa grompet sat piano
political map shows borders countries shows divisions inside countries states shows cities shows important landforms rivers lakes mountains kinds information find political map united states pages map map legend map legend tells symbols map mean legend map tells black line stands border red line stands national boundary imagine airplane traveling northwest country traveling florida oregon trace route map look plane window able tell cross border lines political map show borders lines painted land mark border borders formed natural features things earth nature river forms part border look political map trace route mississippi river longest river country ten borders formed river think imaginary airplane trip tell plane crosses mississippi arkansas mississippi river border states
contest winners meet york city introduced terry quinn tour guide nervous excited eager started terry suggests begin taking quick tour york city tells city part coastal plain region plain large area flat land coastal plain region stretches atlantic ocean gulf mexico states region york connecticut massachusetts northern states located georgia louisiana southern states look map page states located coastal plain manuel city don tell answers manuel let start trade center forever reach top trade center agree wonderful view maybe forever plenty statue liberty says sara central park exclaims ari rivers asks rachel ships docked manuel answers questions explains hudson east rivers rivers run coastal plain atlantic ocean rivers help rich farming region east river river
lunchroom smells delicious today direction interesting cooking smells greet visitors annual food fair west branch school grade thought idea food fair studying groups american population students learned united states countries students knew groups bring languages religions customs foods grade studied groups united states decided fair wanted show learned american kind fair finally idea students found class backgrounds ate foods home special family background maybe share foods school relatives cooked special dishes food fair taste foods countries students decided food fair invited school wanted learn foods brought america weeks planning fair ready believe kinds foods relatives cooked tables lunchroom table foods popular country
began coming land american indians europeans spaniards gold glory god french search wealth hoped rich trapping animals selling skins dutch looking farmland scarce country english escape land growing overcrowded find religious freedom africa america explorers guides indentured servants brought slaves european settlers europeans explorers traveled continents north south america mapping lands waterways explorers claimed huge territories property governments paved group settlers settlements established colonies colonies places control country colonies ruled country settlers colonies important parent countries spain france netherlands england dreams building empires empire group countries peoples ruler countries wanted extend power property borders needed colonies dream true colonies supply european countries furs food minerals wood european countries richer europeans small bands numbers
french dutch interested finding passage america asia dutch trading company english explorer henry hudson search passage french failed hudson explored large river later named claimed land river netherlands dutch called land netherland map page soon dutch settlers arrived leader peter minuit realized indians seizing land bargained indians buy bargain island manhattan mouth hudson river indians sold minuit worth goods city manhattan island part today part york city largest city united states dutch settlement manhattan called amsterdam soon busy seaport trading center languages heard docks streets dutch america numbers dutch established permanent settlements northward hudson river wealthy landowners called patroons founded large farms fertile land hired families netherlands brought farm land soon netherland numbered
middle century english colonies atlantic coast map page million colonists living colonies number grown quickly colonies settled looking seeking freedom worship found seeking plenty land families able small farms small number colonists rich small number poor large numbers slaves colonies colonists countries settlements colonies england half english countries europe german colonies mainly farmers settled pennsylvania scotch irish looked land western edges colonies france netherlands sweden european countries half colonists originally indentured servants voluntarily knew servants land indentured servants involuntarily criminals english government rid england largest group english blacks africa
shortly signing declaration independence continental congress realized plan government central government hold states run war congress adopted plan plan government called articles confederation twelve states approved ratified articles immediately articles confederation effective maryland finally agreed ratify plan government united states created national central government ruling body congress congress states vote took votes pass law meant states want law passed states fearful giving national government power declared independence national government government england want give independence government american continental congress understood articles confederation gave congress permission decisions number areas gave congress power carry decisions articles gave congress raise money give congress tax states raise money congress ask states give money fight war
revolution crossed appalachians wilderness hunters trappers famous frontierspeople daniel boone learned live woods enjoyed exploring wilderness places marked trails trails american indians settlers route later kentucky boone traveled land known kentucky delighted found later travels appalachians kentucky undertook tour country climbed top commanding ridge looking delight saw ample plains beautiful lands vast distance saw mountains lift heads reach clouds things lit fire fountain sweet water feasted buck killed hours continued tour days explored considerable part country equally pleased soon returned home family determined bring soon live kentucky thought paradise boone word brought family families settle kentucky cross mountains
forty young elisha douglass perkins ohio successful making living east left california journey months journal describing trip writes trail west start seen rattlesnakes today prairie filled course today chapter accidents leading mule frightened shied suddenly seat wagon broken nearly nailed tied rawhide hours miles farther drove deep hole broke axle broken end stuck bottom wagon bag flour farther lost lash whip inconvenience lot steep hill misfortunes damages repaired feeling easily happening american indians settlers began taking land american indians tried live peace settlers places fought settlers lands places indians eventually forced leave lands lived happened southeast
shepherd boy tended sheep foot big hill dark forest soil foot hill moist grass nice green sheep enjoyed grazing shepherd boy lonely fun boy rushed village called loud voice wolf wolf boy noise villagers running join boy help protect flock saw wolf villagers stayed boy boy enjoyed tried thing villagers joined help wolf annoyed shortly wolf forest started worry sheep boy quickly ran village called voice louder wolf wolf called wolf wolf pointed forest fuss boy shepherd boy annoyed villagers want fooled join boy aid help protect sheep wolf meal boy flock wolf licking lips loud greedy noises
nice clear morning forest dew ground sun rising trees beautiful deer drinking pool drew water saw reflection ah animals forest noble horns mine beautiful antlers wish legs worthy carry noble crown antlers pity legs grew narrow slim moment hunter blew horn aimed arrow deer bounded deer nimble legs ran fast say flew deer nearly hunter noticing going passed trees low twigs beautiful antlers snarled cried deer hear hunter coming stuck antlers turned antlers finally worked free lucky admired antlers killed stuck tree legs helped escape true dislike paula shaw liked play hopscotch front house wide smooth cement pavement marked game colored crayons
philip anderson lived spring street small town called andover philip sister phyllis phyllis christmas morning philip phyllis running downstairs excited wanted christmas tree called phyllis toy elephant look pretty telephone call telephone mother phyllis saw things phonograph play real records dress blocks philip liked presents chemistry set autograph book sled nice warm coat chemistry set school philip teacher show philip sister played presents morning twelve clock father grandmother grandfather anderson christmas dinner put coats hats boots grandfather house children saw pretty christmas lawns trees covered sparkling snow front house saw big snowman grandmother christmas dinner turkey chestnut dressing fluffy mashed potatoes brown gravy ice cream things hungry philip going eat afternoon let eat eat stuffed
high hill red wagon john found pumpkin color gold big tugged wagon road running fast wagon bump bump bump pumpkin jump jump jump john ran past big gnarled tree trunk clippity clop passed cow passed vegetable patch rabbit gnawing carrot stop ran home john laughed jack lantern funny looked wagon pumpkin john lost pumpkin jumped wagon john sighed pumpkin want jack lantern polly polly john called sister high hill pumpkin patch want help pumpkin polly willing road red wagon found pumpkin color gold big boosted wagon road walking cl op cl op home walked slowly polly holding pumpkin wagon bump bump bump pumpkin jump jump jump
read heard story grizzly bear doubt big animals sleep winter saw cave think dead alive soon cold weather passes pleasant spring weather comes wakes story big healthy grizzly bear lived north woods daybreak spring grizzly bear woke winter sleep pleasant nap yawning glad weather returned grizzly bear felt big stomach empty hungry found bit bread cave gobbled scrap bread certainly going fill stomach cave bright sunlight grizzly bear search food walked forest past running brook green meadow suddenly stopped twitched nose cooked cabin game warden lived grizzly bear crept window saw warden wife getting meal ready spread table big loaf brown bread raw beefsteak beefsteak red juicy
indian girl named blue flower blue flower niece chief tribe sky chief blue flower knew uncle sky chief bravest wisest indians tribe fierce battle lead battle wild yells shrieks blue flower knew sky chief gentle loved dearly blue flower indians tribe believed strange beautiful bird called thunderbird believed bird thunder blue flower meadow wigwam wanted thunderbird looked looked trees bushes looked fields clover fields daisies saw pretty birds fields trees find thunderbird blue flower disappointed ask sky chief thunderbird blue flower blue flower sky chief wigwam sky chief biggest wigwam highest ceiling shields pieces gold silver walls indian beads hung ceiling sky chief sat center wearing beautiful feather headdress look fierce wish niece asked sky chief want thunderbird blue flower sky chief laughed thunderbird
pig pigs find food pigs look pigs traveled home pig met carrying bundle straw give straw build house gave pig straw built fine straw house pig met carrying bundle sticks give sticks build house pig gave sticks built pretty house pig met load bricks give bricks build house gave bricks built house wolf house straw pig let pig hair chin chin huff puff blow house wolf huffed puffed blew house pig ran fast road brother house sticks knocked door
rabbits names rose rabbit roger rabbit ralph rabbit robbie rabbit lived mother house big forest mrs rabbit children going visit mrs bird play nice clean clothes dirty clothes clean mrs rabbit took basket umbrella mrs bird rose rabbit roger rabbit ralph rabbit bunnies washed hands faces clothes clean robbie rabbit naughty dusty road climbed big rock saw big ripe tomatoes robbie big tomato hungry took bite tomato tomatoes stone tripped fell fell top tomatoes robbie rabbit clothes dirty naughty mother happy robbie rabbit home brothers sister laughed laughed saw mrs rabbit home saw robbie rabbit naughty rabbit put sunday suit
suddenly knock door robbie rabbit mrs bird clean rabbit thank robbie rabbit want mother mrs bird want blueberries give yes robbie rabbit goodby robbie rabbit took blueberries mother mrs bird nice mrs rabbit blueberry pie yes robbie rabbit big blueberry pie play robbie mrs rabbit robbie want play afraid sunday suit dirty sat window watched brothers sister soon smell blueberry pie hmm wait eat blueberry pie robbie kitchen table saw beautiful blueberry pie climb table want pie cool climbed rolling pin rolled rolling pin blueberry pie mrs rabbit ran kitchen naughty rabbit mother rabbit bed sunday suit dirty berries pie put robbie rabbit bed
large families colonial times large farm big house machines run gasoline electricity thirteen children otis family plenty servants farm community otis children played servants children sisters brothers mercy james closest friends visitors big farm barnstable otis encouraged oldest children james joseph mercy gather round fire evenings part conversations guests learned children learned read home father house provided books newspapers almanacs magazines times today reading talking main pleasures otis children morning nearby home reverend jonathan russell special lessons language arithmetic history james mercy worked students history mercy favorite subject read constantly history books borrowed russell library mercy learned america united country thirteen separate colonies owned ruled britain ocean british government governor complete power
february cold clear nantucket island massachusetts person seen streets home watching sky nantucket depended sea fishermen whalers traders watching sky important stars sun clouds moon told weather directions today waiting rare event eclipse coming solar eclipse moon moves earth sun point moon completely blocks sun houses maria mitchell stood quietly father excited special maria father chosen eclipse important maria quiet father setting telescope lifted windowpane space carefully aimed family telescope ready count maria father peering telescope maria eyes fixed clock father gave signal maria began count eclipse lasted minutes afterward maria felt strange feel part sky earth maria father explain want learn sky maria mitchell decided astronomer maria born girls learned housework
raining hard night hundred ago rain dashed high windows church filled platform pulpit sat group women church miles hear women speak equal rights crowd noisy stamping feet yelling stage women rights yelled equal rights open doors give chair help mud puddle children crowd giggled laughed stamped feet women platform stood wanted face unfriendly corner stage sat black woman staring floor yelling moved lifted head stood don let speak whispered walked slowly stage close feet tall wore plain dress feet gray damp rain untied strings bonnet removed head carefully chair turned audience crowd suddenly quiet eyes tall black woman began speak voice rich deep
play ruth dan dog play yes dan play fish wet candy pot let hot let set candy look mop dan wants candy ruth dan candy dogs mop play dan ruth let mop candy ruth dan candy mop ok ruth mop play dan ruth let candy set dan ruth dan mop ruth dan mop candy ruth mop play hot sit fall sit hot dish sat look hen
nonliving things environment important plants animals environment important environment important fun increase awareness environment section aware things environment aware important environment environment things need order live environment earth famous abundance nonliving things environment water nonliving things average person united states liters gallons water home sound lot think moment ways water drinking washing flushing toilet ways water important sources water environment nonliving thing environment air air granted air thing environment air oxygen oxygen gas needed living things living things oxygen look noticeable parts environment things provide shelter protection buildings clothes
shape earth generally evidence tells shape earth measurements earth tell shape cartoon talking idea believed ago things earth explored sailed earth pictures space showed earth round ball today eye earth looks flat round surprising ago believed earth flat actually idea earth round flat fourth century greek philosopher aristotle observed eclipse moon shadow cast earth moon circular concluded evidence earth round century later greek astronomer geographer eratosthenes observation noted noon sun lit entire bottom reasoned sun directly overhead tall object city kilometers miles north cast shadow evidence concluded earth round flat
examples renewable resources resources important think ways plants important resource foods plants lumber trees houses furniture clothes wear cotton plants medicines plants plants provide food medicine characteristics plants living things able reproduce produce living things trees grow seeds proper conditions seeds grow trees trees cut resource replaced replanted trees plants known renewable resource cases trees crops need collect plant seeds scientists able produce special breeds kinds plants reproduction kinds corn plants controlled seed results produces breed corn plant characteristics parent plants important plants wild plants produce seeds plants naturally plant group plants remaining renewable resource animals important resource animals provide meat foods
kinds rocks mixture minerals rocks mineral crystals easily seen mineral crystals small easily seen rocks seen mineral crystals rocks differ kinds minerals formed differ ways formed scientists describe ways rocks formed kinds rocks formed lava flows surface earth cools kinds rocks formed obsidian basalt obsidian volcanic glass forms lava cools fast crystals form basalt cools slowly tiny crystals magma reach surface lava magma remains cracks rock surface magma cools slowly form rocks large crystals easy kind rock thought formed granite rock formed cooled lava magma called igneous rock igneous word means fire rocks formed material weathered rock weathered materials gravel sand clay carried place wind water material carried wind water called sediment millions thick layers sediment built
studying fossils learn earth changed fossils found kinds rock igneous metamorphic rock fossils think kinds rock found earth form conditions rock clues learn past history earth limestone formed shallow ocean water limestone changed marble finding limestone marble place tells scientist place covered shallow sea limestone marble kinds rock learn past earth granite gneiss important rocks mountains kinds rock clues tall mountains stood flat plains today scientists tell place hot dry cold wet studying rock water moves rock soil water dissolves kinds matter water flows place hot dry water evaporates dissolved matter left forming sedimentary rock salt deposits weather cold wet period large amounts snow fall snow pack forming thick sheet ice pressure snow ice sheet begin move
depended plants food food plants wild plants later learned grow kinds plants food growing plants food leads soil ago amount land grow plants food fewer living earth chopped burned wild plants clear land planted crops cleared land parts crops fed animals burned plant remains added soil soil longer produce food feed living move land today living earth soil farming grow crops farmers longer move soil poor grow large amounts crops reason farmers learn kinds matter plants need grow matter added soil fertilizer helps soil growing crops matter plants need grow farming lead soil soil farming covered growing plants roots plants hold soil place lost erosion
air mass large body air characteristics meteorologists talk warm air mass cold air mass talking course large body warm air large body cold air air mass large cover area thousands square kilometers miles air mass move general moves west east united states move rate hundred kilometers miles remain place air mass tends temperature humidity characteristics surface forms suppose air mass formed arctic winter air mass cold dry arctic cold dry winter suppose air mass formed warm part ocean air mass warm high humidity kind air mass think affecting weather think center air mass region high air pressure air built form center meteorologists call air mass high reason map shows lines connecting points equal air pressure high look figure
major groups climates tropical climates middle latitude climates polar climates fourth group highland climates divisions major groups tropical climates average temperature month guess climates close equator middle latitude climates average coldest month average warmest month polar climates average warmest month highland climates cold highland climates found mountains high hills higher sea level colder temperature highland climates change deal higher top high mountains highland climates polar climates areas united states middle latitude climate look map figure climates middle latitude climates mind lines climates sharp climate blends northeastern quarter united states humid continental climate kind climate cold winters hot summers centimeters inches rainfall
read unit weather control control future think weather controlled point advance warnings severe weather prepare think weather controlled say advance warnings help protect property storm damage think weather controlled point areas country severe storms provide needed moisture storms controlled say moisture reaching areas need think weather controlled say cases ways providing moisture believe providing moisture areas run short moisture damage due severe storms favor controlling weather moisture provided areas cloud seeding avoid problem drought object weather control maintain moisture air areas areas downwind rainfall favor leaving weather legal battles weather controlled farms ranches downwind areas seeded clouds released moisture receive precipitation
generally million called stone age weapons tools stone archaeologists divide stone age periods according kinds stone working period earliest called stone age paleolithic period lasted middle stone age mesolithic period lasted stone age neolithic period lasted stone ages humans progressed living things important quality humans superior animals capacity learn experience devise ways things short ability think important quality ability exchange ideas talk capacities helped humans rise level wild beasts steady advances ways living early developed tools skills earliest humanlike creatures tools weapons likely lived insects fish animals caught bare hands gathered roots wild plants food early stage living beasts advances development crude tools weapons found ways shaping rocks sizes forms helpful
kingdom began unification egypt egypt simply consisted number independent separate villages local rulers won control nearby villages larger areas separate kingdoms developed king menes ruler united egypt memphis capital city reign king menes marked history strong government ruled large area founded egyptian dynasty series rulers belonging family unification egypt period called kingdom began kingdom trading ships sailed nile expeditions left nile valley trade peoples parts africa mediterranean artisans carved fine statues wove soft linen cloth pottery potter wheel workers continued stone tools tools copper generations passed ruling class nobles princes emerged nobles lived large luxurious houses egyptian word pharaoh means house word king pyramids built kingdom tombs pharaohs largest pyramid built town giza pharaoh cheops feet meters high sides measures feet meters base took twenty thousand build pyramid
aryans set basis caste system invasions aryans married dravidians soon invaders began feel continued intermarry generations indistinguishable dravidians addition feared dravidians enter high government positions aryans wanted prevent aryans developed system rigid social groups dravidians allowed marry aryans associate closely system simple division groups peoples gradually distinct groups appeared aryans brahmans priests families warriors families traders landholding farmers serfs pariahs called untouchables indians believed touch shadow pariah contaminate warriors ranked warfare declined religion important brahmans important beginning india developed rigid complex divisions called caste system hundreds divisions based skin color politics place society kind wealth religion members caste follow rules marriage religious rites rules eating drinking marry caste amount success achievement allow person move caste indian writing developed
part century franks german tribe began build nation north east gaul nation greatest empire early medieval times clovis united franks extended power church clovis began remarkable career ruler small frankish kingdom overcome remains roman authority gaul turned frankish kings crushed forces visigothic kingdom southern gaul conquered visigoths fled relatives iberian peninsula clovis converted christianity won victory battle appeal christian god result clovis warriors baptized christian faith clovis powerful rulers western europe important germanic king roman catholic germanic rulers subjects england arian christians pope considered heretics gave clovis excuse attack arian neighbors endure arians possess part gaul god aid conquer lands whipped arians extending lands authority pope clovis died kingdom divided sons pushed frankish authority lands north east rhine kingdoms poorly governed
formal education ended western christendom schools exist run church train monks situation lasted conditions created need kinds training education universities begun christendom things helped growth learning christendom rise cities rich middle class church reforms contact cultures church civil governments needed trained lawyers courts drawing documents government meet demands teachers students formed groups called universities set courses study permanent buildings rules students granted rights freedom military service jurisdiction town officials famous university begun bologna started paris bologna gained reputation study law student groups controlled administration hired teachers rules school paris university run administration faculty students universities patterned systems classrooms cold winter students wore heavy gowns hoods sat floors covered straw warmth classes class hours darkness fell studies stopped candles expensive famous scholar middle ages saint thomas aquinas
caliphs improved farming methods crop yields centuries umayyad abbasside reigns generally peace empire islam provided tie helped prevent muslims fighting caliphs bagdad successful keeping civil wars revolts breaking realm peace agriculture trade expand disruption caliphs built vast irrigation projects extended canals ancient mesopotamia encouraged scientific farming methods crop rotation fertilizer arid regions middle east north africa blossomed wheat grains grown valley nile cotton flax sugar cane cultivated north africa olives fruits fine wines produced spain stock breeding flourished asia minor persia syria varieties sheep furnished raw material fine woolen cloth arabian horses famous speed endurance brought full development camel ship desert chief means land transportation sahara food empire produced estates worked tenant farmers serfs slavery common slaves personal household servants slaves plantation labor small landholdings common peasants seldom rich independence serfs christendom artisans variety products muslim industry centered cities empire specialized manufacture products
early delhi sultanate grown weak rule north india muslim conquerors mountain passes established rule called mughul rule india mughul rulers expanded territories control include southern tip india babur invades india young ruler named babur started career ruler kingdom central asia adventurer fighting muslim descendant dreaded mongol conquerors tamerlane genghis khan babur captured important city kabul afghanistan riches india aroused ambition raids country completely defeated weak muslim sultan delhi group hindu chiefs formed army try regain control northern india babur defeated mughul persian word mongol rule begun babur organize government died conquest regarded india leaders brave soldier wise statesman interested beauty fine gardens poetry art memoirs considered literature akbar emperor twenty babur death rival groups weakened mughul control babur grandson akbar ruler delhi thirteen defeated strong hindu army extended rule eastward conquering bihar bengal
asia chinese civilization single greatest influence classical times chinese literature philosophy religion art affected thinking peoples asia chinese goods traded widely asia century european named marco polo returned nearly twenty china wrote travel book gave vivid picture china things fantastic europeans refused believe wrote black stones burn logs stones fire going wood writing things marco polo called prince liars fact coal widely century europe advanced china nation asia match greatness chinese civilization empire politically militarily weak invaded foreigners invaders adopted chinese culture absorbed chinese population china remained unchanged continued oldest civilization chapter tells chinese civilization continued sungs city differed greatly peasant mongols ruled china mings manchus maintained chinese culture tang dynasty chinese empire big large areas lost wars danger invasion present scientific advances works art porcelain completed
france england moving national government central power ended charlemagne death wholly feudal government grew strong local princes late france meant small section paris vaguely thought kingdom group feudal states result french kings task bringing nation harder royal neighbors english channel french nobles elected hugh capet count paris king feudal nobles powerful capetian family grew strong wars pacts powerful nobles family ruled kings strengthened government capetian kings show stronger nobles king able louis vi louis fat ruled gained full control royal lands called ile de france grandson philip ii won normandy anjou english holdings france king john capetian kings pushed capital paris ile de france larger england kings france gave government feudal lords louis ix set system royal courts outlawed private wars trial combat told ask officials help nobles wronged let french government important
crevecoeur american born france america later called immigrant scientists believe americans immigrants ancestors known today american indians native americans crevecoeur arrived america wrote date say exactly americans arrived left written records scientists believe americans north america asia ago crossing bering strait bering strait narrow body water siberia alaska place asia north america closest ice age northern part covered glaciers sheets ice locked huge amounts water height ice age level bering sea lowered feet meters water separated asia north america bridge land scientists believe americans hunters wandered bridge herds animals land bridge step trip north south america bridge water north america covered ice cross bridge alaska farther
native americans ways beginning customs religions governments groups things common customs beliefs shared native americans organized families clans native americans family mother father children included grandparents aunts uncles cousins groups oldest wisest head family groups oldest wisest woman head family clans families related common ancestor tribe clans tribe spoke language similar customs importance tribal government varied tribe tribe tribes government strong tribes decisions left clans villages nation federation union tribes organized league iroquois member tribes league seneca cayuga onondaga oneida mohawk governed council ruling sachems chiefs member tribe sachems chosen mothers clans governed matriarch woman ruler clan sachem removed bad choice
read early lived north america tribe bit tribes developed reason americans settled places stayed alaska need kinds clothing shelter settled hot dry land mexico settled eastern woodlands develop customs lived treeless plains europeans america learn live land found learn protect cold england winters learn plants found growing america find mountain barriers order move west land north america helped shape history settled let look land continent north america extends atlantic ocean pacific ocean arctic ocean south america connected south america narrow strip land occupied country panama western continent high mountainous mountain ranges run alaska south central america largest mountain ranges rocky mountains find map page mountain ranges found nearer pacific ocean
wood continually saw moderate distances fields cleared wood farm farms commonly pretty trees frequently led high road houses built brick stone commonly met countryman poorest peasant orchard apples peaches chestnuts walnuts cherries quinces fruits saw vines climbing swedish traveler think farmers swedish traveler visited american cities description philadelphia philadelphia carries trade inhabitants country parts english ships allowed port philadelphia reaps greatest profits trade west indies inhabitants ship flour butter meat foods timber planks return receive sugar molasses rum indigo mahogany goods ready money philadelphians send west india goods productions england include sorts woods especially black walnut oak planks ships ships ready built iron hides tar ready money likewise england return sorts manufactured goods fine coarse cloth linen iron ware wrought metals east india goods
colonial soldiers training england colonists gathered supplies weapons ammunition british soldiers stationed boston jobs colonists preparing war british heard colonists storing weapons ammunition concord massachusetts british commander boston group soldiers capture arms concord british soldiers met group colonial minutemen village green lexington going read stories happened lexington green british soldier appeared colonial newspaper soon battle night clock command lt col smith set halted dirty road stood till clock morning waiting provisions clock began march miles side town called lexington lay road heard hundreds collected intending oppose stop going clock arrived saw number believe formed common middle town continued advancing keeping prepared attack tho intending attack coming fired shots orders rushed fired put em flight killed tell walls woods
nation americans win independence bind states nation easy task course governments america governments colonies states colonial governments governments continental congress war congress body governed states government meeting states representatives powers decide states making decided war congress wrote document giving powers states approved document called articles confederation government set called confederation confederation problem executive problem confederation congress tax laws request money states washington called confederation half starved limping thing half starved confederation weak law law called northwest ordinance treaty paris mississippi river western boundary united states americans eager move lands appalachian mountains mississippi
famous american frontiers east west north south fronts faces fact fact americans faced early need specialize find skills resources produce goods sell trade exchange goods needed england late specialized making cloth cloth industry called cottage industry worked homes cottages divided stages women children spinning thread comb brush wool tangles spin wool thread stage weaving thread cloth women job children worked alongside parents stages process learn skills system englishmen invented devices spinning thread weaving cloth england methods making cloth secret country knew weave cloth quickly england sell cloth english import raw cotton american south areas weave cloth sell illegal plans england secret leaked
crisis unusual danger crisis occur person nation unit read crisis occurred united states hundred ago crisis nation american states war war called war states today call civil war lasted americans died war war history americans war disagreements couldn settle disagreements effect civil war country citizens questions historians ask study civil war questions ask read unit historians agree answers questions looking evidence help find answers examine evidence civil war unit try decide answer questions united states stretched atlantic ocean pacific gulf mexico canadian border
cigars big prize common soldier union army wrapped bigger prize private barton mitchell discovered prizes lying field frederick maryland september paper wrapped cigars titled special orders signed general robert lee ordered army split parts splitting army general wants face enemy lee enemy general george mcclellan commander union army potomac mcclellan command lee fewer mcclellan suspicious believe orders true thought lee trying trick mcclellan took nearly days track lee finally found lee town sharpsburg antietam creek lee separated units rejoined lee nearly ready mcclellan mcclellan attack waited excuse troops faced thought lee retreated morning september battle begin union forces began advancing large cornfield west sharpsburg facing confederate cannons confederate fire horrible dead union soldiers lay rows corn
pick telephone today call france operator say listen call italy response pronto ready call spain hear digame speak language tells european country contacting variety states developed europe term national states spoke common language treasured common customs traditions map page account give generalized view european states final section chapter closer look development national states western europe national states emerged form government monarchy rule king supplemented matters legislative body parliament estates general composed members middle class nobility higher clergy aristocracy suffered loss power factor government kings maintained power professional armies administrative apparatus financial help wealthy individuals cities central europe northern germany tip italy national states arrested development powerful local regional leaders groups resisting centralization area patchwork political units ranging size large kingdoms tiny independent cities towns territory modern germany austria crazy quilt large small political units loosely held called holy roman empire
erasmus dutch humanist philosopher called prince humanists international figure studied taught countries europe maintaining steady stream correspondence learned europe taught greek latin encouraged educated master languages erasmus faith dignity worth pointed naturally accepted foolish ideas famous satire praise folly poked fun foibles vices age criticized monasticism lack education clergy formal practices religion erasmus catholic scholarly critic practices church desired restore simplicity early church attacked foundations church published scholarly greek edition testament conflicted points accepted vulgate version criticized clergy corrupt practices sought reform church french author rabelais showed appreciation physical side contempt hypocrites rough satire inestimable gargantua father pantagruel seasoned stew satirized conditions institutions ecclesiastical education monastic orders feudal wars full jokes nonsense words boiled persons brattling gabblers mangy rascals slapsauce fellows ruffian rogues forlorn snakes scurvy sneakbies base loons scoffing braggards
martin luther born germany father peasant later copper miner small mine operator student university erfurt young luther known master logic quick witted debater earned nickname philosopher augustinian monk trained priesthood served professor biblical interpretation university wittenberg luther sturdy rough energetic admitted god coarse wedges splitting coarse blocks soon luther took holy orders tortured idea unworthy salvation amount penance fasting prayer relieve spiritual crisis luther increasingly disturbed beliefs practices clergy manner handling indulgences granted church conditions indulgences originally supposed remit penance repentant sinner earth interpreted taking punishment sinner undergo purgatory penance referred acts priest required confessed sinner perform sins forgiven purgatory words dr john midway heaven hell souls marred mortal sin cleansed venial imperfections sins pardoned rendered suitable enter august presence lord creator unspeakable happiness heaven
zemsky sobors called ivan iv true representative assemblies assemblies discussed important matters give advice tsar pass laws force ruler action failed develop true parliamentary institution british parliament meeting infrequently asserted rights crown zemsky sobors included free peasants majority zemsky sobor helped restore order crisis seventeenth century ivan iv died tsars gradually lost hold country called troubles conflicts broke ambitious throne peasant uprisings famines foreign invasions confusion swedish forces occupied novgorod poles seized moscow feeling akin nationalism surge russians wanted russian land freed foreign troops russian cities returned wanted russians governed russians leaders russian orthodox church played important part rallying russian national spirit russians divided factions admitted definite signs national feeling russian nationalism develop future end troubles representative zemsky sobor met assembly unanimously elected michael romanov tsar
british government took position colonies small part empire british policy called imperial system implied parliament obligation pass measures including laws established mercantilist relationship britain colonies protect britain british believed prosperity home country stimulate prosperity colonies navigation acts designed help britain hinder colonies british bounties monopolies colonists develop industries compete britain according viewpoint british government expect american colonists pay taxes help meet costs administering defending colonies britain needed money desperately debt end war billion currency standards today protest colonists taxation representation unreasonable british parliament free debate matters involving american colonies british statesmen represented englishmen expressed viewpoints including colonies englishmen england vote members parliament parliament felt represented period salutary neglect colonists allowed considerable government freely evaded taxes british trying restore imperialist controls naturally colonists resisted accustomed considerable freedom action legislative independence check british governors control purse strings
ultimately successful crusades enlightenment abolition slavery slave trade history indies strongly condemned slavery montesquieu spoke despite fact family slaving port bordeaux crusade slavery books published slave iboland eastern nigeria olaudah equiano description nigeria offers interesting comparison description tahiti quoted page wrote live country nature prodigal favours wants easily supplied plenty indian corn vast quantities cotton tobacco pineapples grow culture size largest sugar loaf finely flavored spices kinds pepper variety delicious fruits seen europe industry exerted improve blessings nature agriculture chief employment children women engaged habituated labor earliest contributes common stock unacquainted idleness beggars money buildings study convenience ornament manners simple luxuries equiano slave wrote slavery
beginning late nineteenth century corporations producing selling related products merged interests formed organizations popularly known trusts organizations permitted corporations operate policy costs especially sales expense reduced trusts designed primarily prevent price reductions resulting business competition cartels developed europe cartel defined john mcconnell loose association businessmen similar industries countries agree control amount method production sale product services terms cartel trust interchangeably europe technically principal differences cartel association independent business firms trust organization brings number business firms management trusts cartels frequently disregarded rights smaller companies took advantage public laws eventually passed regulate break hand large scale corporations dealt fairly smaller organizations provided public goods reasonable prices industrial revolution stimulated discussion attitudes economic system important questions raised extent government regulate economic activities university glasgow professor adam smith pp proposed answer factory system grown extent
scientists denmark england france significant magnetism electricity michael faraday england joseph henry united states discovered electricity generated magnetism extremely important discovery led imaginative devise valuable inventions dynamo telegraph telephone contributed indirectly development electric light radio inventions science contributed greatly protection saving human lives smallpox spread terror tragedy death hope conquering dread disease edward jenner english physician developed method vaccination smallpox disease checked edward jenner scientists physicians added knowledge lavoisier field quantitative chemistry pasteur koch area bacteriology antoine lavoisier called father modern chemistry proved burning result chemical combination burning substance unites gas oxygen process called oxidation presented evidence prove law conservation matter matter created destroyed changed form louis pasteur french bacteriologist disproved theory spontaneous generation living things produced inanimate matter erroneous idea held scientists
cavour clearly saw need help driving austrians shrewd diplomacy obtained assistance emperor napoleon iii france napoleon iii promised aid war austria provided austria attack kingdom sardinia justify france entry war defend sardinia helping sardinia secure lombardy venetia austria france receive nice savoy cavour succeeded maneuvering austria position declared war kingdom sardinia france ally sardinia conflict austrians austrian armies defeated bloody battles months consulting cavour napoleon iii separate peace austria peace agreement provisions lombardy ceded kingdom sardinia venetia continued province austria napoleon iii pulled half territory promised secured austria war aided unification italy states tuscany included lucca modena parma romagna part papal states deposed rulers regions voted unite kingdom sardinia northern central italy joined napoleon iii received nice savoy permitting duchies romagna join sardinia sicily southern part italian peninsula known kingdom sicilies remained nation
small slim girl scarcely playing leapfrog cabin boys english ships jamestown months friendly visitor pocahontas daughter powhatan dominant indian leader part virginia friction races english landed april indians naturally resented intrusion lands sides engaged petty thievery hostages recover captives powhatan delegation jamestown pocahontas give mission peaceful color excellent choice youthful innocence naturally friendly open father called matoaka snow feather captain john smith leaders colony quickly recognized treating uncle favored niece smith taught english words learned indian language food gave jamestown pocahontas relatives borrow indian corn smith later wrote instrument saved colony death famine utter confusion prevent hostility smith powhatan balance mixing generosity threats smith left colony powhatan declared war sure english aid powhatan ordered daughter stay reluctantly obeyed
america look visitors wilderness road york philadelphia dirt trail vast forest oak ash dark forbidding woods broken occasional opening pioneer american indian labored half lifetime clear patch corn million americans scattered kilometers miles coastline settlement kilometers miles inland nearly lived farms small villages cities cities important influential centers trade sources european goods published newspapers printed books supported doctors lawyers centers government philadelphia inhabitants boasted fire department library public hospital america newspapers london german streets sidewalks paved lighted lamps night regular night watch patrolled streets order call give philadelphians periodic weather reports boston york york rapidly surging ahead york surpassed philadelphia largest city america york looked dutch town
young washington position authority start war small ambush pennsylvania woods start conflict involve europe half answer questions important founding french empire america beginning imperial rivalry france interested england explorations jacques cartier france established claim northern part continent england gulf st lawrence map page cartier friends algonkian speaking tribes began trading english founded jamestown samuel de champlain sailed st lawrence river purpose sailing establish fort point american indians called kebec meant narrowing waters champlain heard algonkian word named settlement quebec french furs especially rich brown pelts beaver indians hunters farmers happy acquire european guns goods exchange indian trade europeans began undermining indian economy soon tribes began competing trade europeans spring champlain contacted indians river valley algonkian speaking huron win friendship champlain agreed accompany expedition age enemies south mohawk iroquois speaking tribe
york festive mood flags draped building waterfront city finest hour host inauguration nation president matter mid april federal congress session month george washington stature entitled late inauguration president reluctant leave retirement responsive call duty put estate mount vernon order celebrations baltimore trenton delayed washington ride york april oath office dressed patriotically suit american cloth washington spoke inauguration experiment nation launched set special form government republic knew finished reading chapter able explain believed laws passed federal government completed american revolution study hamilton plans establish credit system bank explain encouraged development political parties recognize challenges american neutrality government responded list factors caused republicans win election despite york playful atmosphere federalists knew faced real problems
era feelings announced boston columbian centinel issue july war centinel government violent critic federalist newspaper opposed war bitterly denounced president madison napoleon puppet prediction era feelings call political truce newly elected president james monroe toured nation washington president toured country monroe visit england states brought steady outpouring applause popular dedicated public service revolutionary generation wore knee length pantaloons silk stockings buckled shoes century successful tour marked spirit national unity finished reading chapter able explain events contributed sectionalism compare adams jackson faced challenges sectionalism define term jacksonian democracy describe appeal whig party tour marked end party strife federalist party dead branded unpatriotic opposing war federalists barely survived conflict finally simply collapsed rufus king opposed monroe election federalists presidential candidate monroe terms office nation party rule republicans truly era feelings difficulties
debate women dress reform began joke women problem real women fashions impractical unhealthy dangerous skirts flowed pyramid tiny waist wide floor length hem achieve effect women pinched waists corsets tightly women injured organs skirt required meters yards material massive difficult doorways halls accidental brush fireplace oven lighted candle constant danger hampering women activities dress symbolized contributed dependent role society debate began conservative newspaper editor upstate york jokingly suggested demanding equality women wear pantaloons imitation amelia jenks bloomer publishing business promptly took idea amelia bloomer sponsored variety reforms including temperance women rights home seneca falls york husband attended seneca falls convention newspaper lily newspaper owned edited woman devoted interests women rival editor sneer ready dress reform woman ready participate elizabeth smith miller
september sidney andrews reporter chicago tribune boston advertiser north description charleston south carolina leading cities confederacy city ruins desolation vacant houses widowed women rotting wharves deserted warehouses weed wild gardens grass grown streets pitiful barrenness charleston rebellion loftily reared head ago southern city town substituted charleston south shattered proud defiant confederacy ruined andrews reporters appalled seen smoke battle cleared columbia south carolina city thought beautiful city north america left according traveler wilderness ruins heart mass blackened chimneys crumbling walls thirds buildings place burned store office shop escaped distance fourths mile streets building left rural areas looked devastated fields stripped fences bridges collapsed replaced roads neglected virtually impassable farm tools machinery rusted rotted dams levees destroyed result farm land washed floods
gilded age mark twain description post civil war era american novelist phrase title books meant gilded golden post civil war era shiny surface economy boomed period despite financial panics flowed western prairies american wheat fed europeans art literature flourished newspapers attained literary quality seldom seen beneath glittering surface seamy side corruption rampant political machines dominated cities bosses ruled states alliance business looking favors heads railroads utilities bribed government officials special treatment public office profitable aspiring politicians pay party bosses thousand dollars privilege sitting legislature corruption extended doorstep white house grant administration critics gilded age reformers wanted regulate worst business practices clean government voices achievements fewer end century reform protest gain sufficient strength lasting finished reading chapter able list economic social legislation passed northern republicans civil war compare ways rockefeller gould vanderbilt fisk increased wealth period kinds corruption government organize chart reforms mugwumps wanted introduce
idea hour workers popular knights forefront movement prosperity gave labor bargaining power strikes spread rapidly spring hundred thousand workers strike parts country chicago knights helped organize strike mccormick harvester company anarchists moved advantage ill feeling striker died clash company police anarchists called protest meeting chicago haymarket square city police appeared meeting maintain order threw bomb police killing officers anarchists extreme radicals oppose forms government radicals convicted crime flimsy evidence real losers knights knights bombing public violence radicalism membership declined powderly death organization virtually dead haymarket affair organization formed replace knights labor american federation labor brainchild samuel gompers official national cigarmakers union true background gompers wanted organizations national craft unions union represent skilled workers separate trade craft plumbing printing carpentry gompers argued skilled workers sufficient bargaining power form strong unions
region iraq tigris euphrates rivers flow side side kilometers miles rivers lies fertile valley ancient greeks called valley mesopotamia means land rivers rich valley forms eastern part fertile crescent fertile crescent strip rich watered land extends arch coast mediterranean sea persian gulf map page ideas western civilization began region plants animals today domesticated began move mesopotamia early settled lower end valley rivers empty persian gulf called land sumer sumerians sumer leave written record sumerians living large villages buildings sun dried mud brick prosperous develop cities cities included uruk nippur ur lagash map page tigris deeper rivers fertile crescent carries larger amount water euphrates faster carries large amounts soil waters soil gradually sinks bottom river makes shallower reason euphrates overflows banks floods valley
historians divide egyptian history main periods periods known kingdom middle kingdom kingdom dates vary kinds records egyptians historians information say exactly period began lasted beginning kingdom egypt divided parts northern part called lower egypt region nile flows north ends course area nile forms delta mediterranean southern part called upper egypt source nile river begins course map shows location upper lower egypt prince upper egypt named menes conquered lower egypt united parts kingdom founded capital city memphis located modern cairo map page unification marked beginning kingdom egypt remained united politically power passed smoothly member menes family menes successors called dynasty family rulers dynasty power rule passes generation family ends family dies overthrown egyptians dated histories reigns rulers
aryans invaders enter india mountain passes northwest peoples early india threatened foreign conquerors period struggle indian general named chandragupta maurya established kingdom capital pataliputra drove foreign invaders india turned native rulers northern india chandragupta founded dynasty maurya empire created indian history lasted greatest ruler maurya dynasty chandragupta grandson king asoka reign lasted forty brought control india southern tip map page asoka tired war devout buddhist spread religion india dispatched missionaries including son carry buddhism foreign lands king asoka provided efficient government officials empire determine needs subjects asoka reformed harsh system punishments india tried set personal governing accordance religious principles buddhism government asoka established survive death successors lacked wisdom ability maurya ruler assassinated empire fell collapsed india divided rival kingdoms
caesar death struggle power began caesar aid mark antony grandnephew octavian lepidus caesar lieutenants formed triumvirate part involved defeat brutus cassius forces committed suicide defeats antony octavian lepidus serve north africa longer important political influence empire finally split zones power octavian controlled entire west antony attempted gain control eastern part antony began alliance cleopatra queen egypt saw rulers entire empire famous battle actium coast greece octavian defeated forces antony plans conquest failed antony cleopatra committed suicide egypt finally fell rome roman province personal property octavian successors octavian supreme ruler rome republic end let called dictator octavian assumed title augustus means imperial majesty augustus brought stability prosperity empire ruled reign extended trade east arabia india map page
western parts roman empire fallen germanic tribes romans considered germanic conquerors barbarians written language system science philosophy law eastern half roman empire survived western europe divided major germanic tribes collapse roman empire marked beginning period developments western europe period called medieval period meaning middle called falls ancient period modern period reason called middle ages germanic tribes warlike occupying northern europe rhine danube rivers separated germanic tribes roman lands romans guard germanic invaders read unit julius caesar defended gaul present france appears germanic peoples plans conquer empire simply admired romans attracted roman wealth culture romans looked germanic peoples considered uncivilized roman generals admired fighting qualities barbarians permitted limited numbers germanic peoples enter imperial armies soldiers empire grew weaker romans forced seek germanic peoples armed forces end fourth century bulk roman troops western europe germanic
town western europe revived growth towns cities stimulated crusades italy italian cities took lead manufacturing trade growth cities created wealthy class business leaders merchants class nobility peasantry called middle class bourgeoisie middle class prosperous leisure wealth support artists writers scholars leisure wealth created renewed interest learning culture renewal called renaissance meaning re birth cities northern italy renaissance spread france belgium netherlands finally rest europe renaissance interest cultures ancient greece rome revived led research greek latin writings scholars produced translations greek roman classics collections ancient writings assembled papal library rome greek manuscripts thirty later collection expanded thousand collections research scholars enabled europeans understand fully ancient heritage renaissance scholars learned ancient greece rome freer critical thinking slowly developed scholars interested religious matters focused importance earth believed individual develop talents fullest extent called reforms perfect place
physical geography africa varied today prehistoric times according noted geographer desmon clark continent divided generally main parts highland zone lowland zone zones separated draw line mouth zaire river present borders ethiopia sudan area south line plateau ranging meters feet sea level higher ridges mountains area north line mainly plains basins meters feet sea level plateau lower areas shallow lakes swamps filled variety fish sources rivers africa located higher mountains rivers eventually reach escarpments rapids waterfalls rivers move coastal plains makes navigation impossible distance prevented explorer going interior africa large trough called rift valley cuts eastern part africa extends continent africa middle east asia located rift africa lake victoria continent greatest lake lake tanganyika lake malawi formed deeper parts rift valley lakes deepest
seen early african history involved movements peoples bantu migration emergence important cities powerful states equally important daily lived bustling cities royal palaces black africans lived villages villages supplied cities food goods raw materials trade typical early african village black africa today society based family unit tend think family father mother children concept called nuclear family according concept relatives grandparents uncles aunts cousins considered nuclear family traditional african society family includes relatives parents children uncles aunts nearly authority children children parents cousins treated brothers sisters grandparents regarded parents entire group concept family known extended family member extended family obliged help care children build houses plant crops extended families descended set ancestors known clan group clans common ancestors makes ethnic group ethnic groups yoruba populations numbering millions importance attached family africans regard marriage union families individuals
spain european nation set mercantilistic system colonies americas spain claimed colonies voyage christopher columbus explorers spain soon columbus lead spain claimed north south america map page chart page colony spain governed system laws created group known council indies council met americas part court spain supported spanish king queen assumed indies belonged highest officials americas responsible executing council laws viceroys council appointed rulers spain officials responsible king queen served levels authority towns municipal council elected council indies remained main governing body colonies problems developed distance council indies spain council laws unrelated conditions territory general applied province result power viceroys increased judicial advisory groups called audencias appointed king worked viceroys powers limited council indies
north america ago continent asia north america look global map find asia find waterway north america asia called bering strait find meaning word strait geography dictionary page ago strait strip dry land find land bridge global map colored gray land bridge asia hunt animals food clothing gather wild berries roots eat passed groups moved south east west parts north america rain parts winters cold warm rain groups north america moved farther farther south hunt gather food americans call native americans groups native americans stayed north america groups south america look global map find north america south america find red arrows show paths americans asia north america north america moved south america learned farm
queen isabella king ferdinand rulers spain columbus asked money pay voyage atlantic help queen isabella sure imagine ferdinand think christopher columbus asked queen isabella says sail west reach lands silks spices think ferdinand answered spain rich find lands east say columbus wrong true queen believe says winds blowing west winds fill sails push ships westward tells currents flow large rivers ocean flow west help carry ships let talk columbus global map shows part earth columbus lived eastern half oval shape map called key key tells colors lines map mean blue water oceans color land red lines show routes early traders india china spice islands find spain spain mediterranean sea mediterranean continents europe africa part spain atlantic
imagine spain felt heard rich cities america cities gold explorers dreamed finding cities explorers north america estevan estevan black spain america spanish explorer explorer soldiers traveled westward land called las floridas land florida find map page group problems lost ship built small ships sail westward ships wrecked estevan ship wrecked coast texas died captured native americans estevan escaped slowly traveled west friends native americans estevan learned speak language thought magic powers carried gourd rattle gourds medicine bells feathers walked village native americans told rich cities north estevan wished find cities explorers pushed spite hardships finally ocean pacific europe cross north america governor spain listened estevan estevan south mexico city beautiful city capital spain
spend night asked innkeeper yes young want beef tasted english roast london innkeeper boasted england war answer fighting europe captured prison escaped fought want ask innkeeper smith young replied john smith ate dinner john smith england rest money earned soldier buy farm john ready settle return london heard exciting news group talking starting company purpose build colony chance small ships set sail america john smith board ships sailed face hardships build england successful colony north america colony virginia london company plan build colony company owned put money owners
sunny afternoon city netherlands mary brewster swung open top half big dutch door looked watched anne peter coming home school soon brewsters belonged group pilgrims moved england netherlands mrs brewster looked neat brick houses nice dutch homes longed english cottage ten left england mary brewster flat land netherlands miss green hills england heard voices children talking laughing speaking dutch re dutch english mrs brewster thought surprised lived lives netherlands smiled children door school today asked answered dutch goodness sake slow bit remember home speak english dutch don want forget re english kitchen doughnut happy supper english living netherlands brewsters members group called separatists moved england law law england king church
william penn soldier asked replied dark suit william penn william penn admit wrote booklet church england wrote penn attack church merely want worship silence soldier shouted arrest william penn king arrest acting church england exact words tell happened penn prison william penn wrote letters wrote father wrote father friends king court wrong penn wrote simply tried worship friends helped talked king william set free prison penn stopped working help religious society friends called members society quakers known friends quakers tried hard live kind believed quakers believed free worship things quakers believed live peace brothers sisters quakers carried swords guns fight refused war believed help women equal william penn learned quakers ireland
workers mines factories countries coal mines started pittsburgh workers needed miners scotland england ireland workers countries italian german slavic mines mills slavic poland hungary czechoslovakia yugoslavia soviet union countries thousands immigrants pittsburgh living america hard speak english left families worked hard saved money bring families america black moved south pittsburgh find jobs build lives hard helped pittsburgh grow built kinds industries pittsburgh read glassmaking industry coal pittsburgh skilled workers countries europe helped glassmaking industry grow today kinds glass aluminum aluminum products city largest glassmaking company largest aluminum company united states main offices pittsburgh city main offices companies chemicals coal oil plants prepare kinds foods market built pittsburgh industries helped city grow pittsburgh important center education research
today products farms atlanta beans sweet potatoes peanuts corn tobacco cotton peaches fruits grown nearby chickens beef cattle dairy cattle raised farm products processing plants atlanta farmers atlanta planted cotton cotton grows summers southeast atlanta important money crop cotton plants grew america columbus native americans wearing cotton clothing columbus arrived america reason columbus thought india seen cotton cloth traders brought europe east colonists south tried raise cotton cotton raised virginia carolinas raising cotton problems look pick cotton took longer remove seeds pound cotton fiber farmers decided money raising crops england machines invented cotton cloth soon machines england cotton needed farmers decided try growing cotton slaves africa plant weed pick cotton took person pull seeds hand pound cotton fibers eli whitney cotton engine cotton important crop inventor named eli whitney worked idea machine remove seeds cotton
hundred forty ago rode dusty trail texas rode west rolling grasslands prairies riders john neely bryan lawyer trader traveled west arkansas looking place start trading post hoped trade native americans native american friend guide rode trinity river riders river shallow place cross rode top banks river miles miles prairie stretched place trading post bryan river narrow easy cross looking cut small tree stuck ground wrote piece buckskin fastened sign small tree headed arkansas supplies short bryan texas big event place texas won independence mexico started country called republic texas republic texas bryan built trading post trinity river built small log house place chosen cracks logs filled mud
book communities live community community place live play help ways communities need need help problems communities help live live places communities part places farmland forests places lakes rivers oceans communities desert mountains communities size small small communities called villages towns maps help look communities maps page show communities smaller maps symbols show things symbols simple drawings stand real things real places symbols show stores buy goods stores goods things clothes food tables chairs goods symbols show services services things doctors teachers perform services goods services find map community symbols help city larger community village town large numbers live city cities tall buildings busy streets look picture city page picture airplane flying city
lake wales community florida small city population population number live place find lake wales map page center florida notice florida peninsula peninsula piece land water sides climate lake wales warm summer days temperatures hot warm climate important live meet basic needs need shelter protect weather homes lake wales protect hot sun homes lake wales protect rain cool nights kinds weather home protect safe look city map lake wales page lakes city lake wales build homes lakes enjoy able swim water ski fish practically backyards live family homes wood comes trees growing nearby trailers kind shelter lake wales called mobile homes moved place place travel country living trailers move trailers place settle trucks move trailers land live
orange juice breakfast morning grapefruit lake wales ago found area growing oranges grapefruits soil sunny warm weather planted fruit trees miles built factories lake wales turn fruits juices canned goods factories buildings things wanted send juice fruit communities country needed transportation transportation things moved place soon railroad built lake wales highways built today hundreds trains trucks leave lake wales week carry juice frozen fresh carry canned fruit salad carry orange peels food cattle lake wales grow oranges grapefruits need food grow trains trucks return empty bring food communities bring meats vegetables bring bread cereals foods stores lake wales buy foods need foods grown lake wales lake wales foods foods lake wales warm lake wales winter cold
netherlands community europe small country miles wider miles find netherlands map page countries sea sides netherlands called holland called dutch language called dutch million dutch netherlands ens small town netherlands find ens map body water located country clue environment look nether means low netherlands means low lands land rise higher sea western coast sandy hills rise feet sea inland coast land lower areas land lower sea country land flat soil farming grain fruit trees vegetables grow tulip bulbs important crop sold countries land cattle raising dutch milk cows fine cheese butter climate netherlands mild cold winter hot summer plenty rain falls country mild damp climate reason netherlands place farming
amsterdam capital city netherlands buildings stand canals canals waterways built want live amsterdam buildings houses boats live water land show dutch adapted environment ways dutch adapted environment dutch wind power environment netherlands caused problems dutch read ways found adapt environment learn ways changed environment dutch changed environment dry land reasons land wet country closeness sea sea roar flood land reason rainy climate rain filled rivers overflowing land flood decided dry land built giant walls land sea walls called dikes held sea seawater washing land built dikes sides rivers rain rivers grow full walls water spreading land dikes helped hold water pumping water land things
arizona southwestern part united states phoenix capital city find phoenix map page phoenix arizona netherlands environment environment netherlands phoenix located salt river valley valley land dips mountains salt river winds land valley rain falls salt river valley makes land desert desert dry place water things grow animals live sun shines salt river valley hot lots sun rain valley place warm dry climate adapt environment live desert things grow food water need worked ways meet basic needs desert valley desert kind climate salt river valley lived salt river valley city phoenix built live area hohokam indians arrived valley ago hohokams lived salt river
houston largest city texas largest city united states million live houston find texas houston map large body water houston connected houston places moving houston working places meetings houston climate warm city exciting things watch ships houston harbor harbor safe place ships stop load unload things lyndon johnson space center houston plans send space special things houston houston meet basic needs things want houston specialty oil helps oil natural resource found ground houston natural resources places reason communities specialize things read fish natural resource northwest washington lummi indian reservation specialized fish houston specializes oil oil found oil found places houston specialty communities specialize things oil specialty houston discovered discovery oil helped houston grow small town large city
kinds workers needed jobs jobs help bring oil ground drilling deep holes ground oil job putting pipes holes oil comes pipes oil needed communities oil transported moved houston communities oil transportation makes jobs load oil docks ships places build ships jobs running ships oil carried trucks railroads communities texas united states jobs working railroads trucks oil transported pipelines communities jobs building pipelines oil moved houston stored big tanks houston later needed course jobs working tanks oil produce things produce means things oil big factories jobs factories products oil products things gasoline important product oil oil helped houston important city want live oil center jobs
maria carlos watched big plane landed airport excited grandfather coming visit born houston worked lived hawaii carlos leaned sister whispered wonder surprise grandpa talked phone maybe bringing seashells hawaii added hopefully grandpa making crowded line wheelchair children greeted big hug laughing car leave airport passed houston ship canal grandpa remembered age maria canal opened fun coming watching ships move canal course nearly big draw kinds ships color flags show country easy spent working grandpa worked engineer ships harbor look carlos shouted huge oil tanker south america turning houston ship channel big grandpa agreed bet longer football fields sure big harbor houston busiest united states maria proudly
northwest alaska lies tundra vast treeless plain stretching quarter million square miles roads cross view direction exactly lonely place miyax lost forced marry miyax ran home barrow alaska destination port point hope planned catch boat pen pal san francisco week later food hope wolves roam tundra father stranded hunt asked wolf food wolf led caribou days miyax watched wolf pack led black wolf named amaroq amaroq taught father patient ways nature miyax knows move suddenly shout food die wolf ears cupped forward tuned distant message tundra miyax tensed listened hear brewing storm approaching enemy apparently ears relaxed rolled side sighed glanced vaulting sky painfully aware predicament watching wolves miyax daughter kapugen adopted child martha citizen united states pupil bureau indian affairs school barrow alaska thirteen wife boy daniel shivered thought daniel driven fate
fifty novelist john steinbeck took poodle charley climbed pickup truck fitted camper set york search america intended rediscover monster land bucketed rocinante california shortest route knew days salinas los fresno bakersfield pass mojave desert burned burning desert late hills piles black cinders distance rutted floor sucked dry hungry sun easy high speed road dependable comfortable car stopping places shade service station vaunting refrigeration remember prayer listening trouble laboring motors drawing plume steam boiling radiators broken wreck side road real trouble stopped offer help crossed sharing early families foot dragging terrestrial hell leaving white skeletons horses cattle mark mojave big desert frightening nature tested endurance constancy prove california shimmering dry heat visions water flat plain
indian boy find identity learn live harmony nature native american legends tell boy anpao makes dangerous search home sun anpao learns ways spirits nature begins discover lonely journey brothers join brothers violates law nature nature strikes teaching snake boy painful lesson spring night clans heard singing spirits powerful animals anpao friends decided explore lands village brothers ventured valley elders cautioned dangers meadow anpao loved explore infatuation adventure contagious friends wanted accompany early morning young started direction farthest slope valley sun high tired hungry brothers complained heat cursed rocks bruised feet thin soles moccasins kind adventure anpao attempted encourage high spirits effect elder brother especially sullen hiked rocky scorched landscape grew fruit eat water drink
reported miss dabney house afternoon looked put restless night led freezing hall parlor tea laid cloths plates cozy pot business thing appreciate sooner settled sound push broom worked kitchen floor thumped roughly chair legs sound dustpan knocked rim trash minerva working fine sweat violent tidying leave kitchen dusty ill thought waste minerva ghostly energy supposed noisier usual miss dabney remarked haste prepare tea thought water boil course kitchen seeing situation pointed figuring miss dabney wanted rid minerva mentioned miss dabney things continue worrying hair alexander armsworth minerva quiet grave don house threats minerva quiet grave miss dabney startled
geraldine liked hanging tail branch tree juggling acorns parents told juggling week mademoiselle la fay school dance learn ballet help graceful mother help ladylike father help physically fit brother randolph help whispered brother eugene geraldine home ballet school excited look shouted look asked mother learned dance purple swan geraldine wonderful mother dance exclaimed father haven going dancing school swans purple eugene watch geraldine ordered looking re looking mother geraldine smoothed tutu mother leaves gracefully raised forepaws head dee da da da da dee ta dum hummed ran lightly tiptoe trunk tree beautiful sighed mother encore encore clapped father pretty geraldine randolph play asked eugene dee da da da da ta dum geraldine hummed began dance faster tree big roots tree sticking ground geraldine didn
week geraldine home ballet school mother father waiting learn dancing school today mother asked eagerly learned geraldine unhappily dancer nonsense father dance beautifully haven going dancing school don think going longer geraldine course mother graceful dancer geraldine shook head won plies arabesques re supposed dance toes toes curl fall cut ballet thought liked ballet school mother juggling geraldine don want learn graceful asked father geraldine swinging tail branch tree juggling pebbles mother mother signed class school sculpture sure artistic talent mother sculpture school thing geraldine agreed father don geraldine doubtfully flipped blackberries air balanced twig end nose mother bowls pitchers artistic statues sculpture school lots fun
randolph mother father running heard eugene geraldine going asked father screaming asked mother randolph asked pointing tree stump eugene pulled leaves geraldine sculpture backing tree stump shaking head fury howled don look didn move geraldine shouted supposed eugene randolph asked interesting father weakly interesting shrieked eugene bunch lumps don look bunch lumps geraldine sighed began cover sculpture leaves finished covering climbed tree hung tail swinging gently juggled pine cones later randolph eugene tree sat geraldine sure juggler geraldine randolph kindly thank geraldine murmured randolph gave eugene poke ribs ow mean eugene wish juggle geraldine asked re juggler eugene randolph glaring brother yes eugene teach juggle randolph wouldn eugene yes eugene geraldine happily course teach
robert child house stevie comes stay robert begins feel stevie pest robert tell story momma told re gonna friend stay friend mrs mack week gonna boy asked stay week mother pick saturdays doorbell rang lady kid smaller ran mother kitchen stayed hall listen boy steven mother calling stevie robert momma don call robertie steve moved crybaby greedy sees wants somma gimme littler school stay home play toys mad mother home school momma watch tell leave stuff bed look window leave dirty footprints bed
left play friends sorry robert don robert sorry stevie aw quiet okay told daddy havin company sittin couch listenin talk jokes wasn makin noise didn comes stevie loud father heard yelled told upstairs stevie nerves don mean nothin bother gotta put lot fun live saturday steve mother father house pick gonna move stevie wasn gonna anymore left mornin watch cartoons fixed bowls corn flakes remembered stevie wasn lot fun runnin house guess bed stay clean wasn bad couldn help stupid remember ate piece cake breadbox blamed
arthur worked farm brought cows home fields fox hen house arthur tired sleepy jobs farmer thought rid arthur dog knew farmer felt ran town dogcatcher found put animal shelter dogs animal shelter barked opened door arthur lay cold floor cage closed eyes tried sleep stopped cage shook head slowly walked want puppies dogcatcher wants mangy mutt boy standing cage stood looking arthur pressing face wire fence didn shake head slowly didn walk william mother called puppies don want puppy william dogcatcher put hand william shoulder dog awful anymore mind mother pick puppies don want puppy william want looks wags tail william mother took arthur home
evening queen room playing baby suddenly room evening queen give promised queen forgotten forgotten promise promise asked promised give baby give baby queen riches kingdom let baby queen baby dearer riches queen began cry cried hard felt sorry give days days baby evening evenings ask morning queen called messenger messenger town find names evening tell evening queen room evening queen al asked bill charlie
rufus moffat wanted book older brother sisters reading library books young couldn read rufus mad knew library knew find brownie books liked reading easy flipping pages easy book library rufus library chose book handed lady desk card lady asked rufus felt pockets carried playing card today didn card book rufus lady put cards mean library card explained kindly looks library card rufus afraid re lady write rufus nodded head confidently writing lines seen letters mama tied bundles closet stairs covered writing course write let hands lady rufus obligingly showed lady hands look cringed clasped head sight hurt gasped
worked hand left boy girl looked shoulder watched paid attention lady studied fine fine maybe try gave application rufus large generous letters tiny space supposed print letters scattered card lady gave blank rufus tried print smaller rufus space crowded end lady printed offat part moffat line home ask mother sign side bring thursday card rufus face shiny streaked dirt rubbed knew getting book moffats books maybe rufus held hard earned application hand steered scooter reached home joey jane sylvie longer
community group things community place live fun community fun ways groups pictures lesson communities community kinds communities community alike ways communities share background communities share feelings communities share ways thinking draw picture piece paper draw pictures communities belong pictures lesson share sharing help community live communities living share things communities help ways enjoy things ways pictures lesson helping communities depend communities alike number ways groups communities cut draw pictures television news show communities place pictures piece shelf paper roll paper unroll paper show pictures
globe shape earth shows exact picture earth flat map shows earth surface curved curved surface drawn flat map land bodies stretched shape globe round earth surface flat maps page show earth surface things stand things called symbols mapmakers symbols stand things want show maps color symbol lines dots stars squares maps stand things symbol stand things maps look map key find symbol means find map key map page circled stars stand think important look map key map mapmakers draw maps scale means small measure map stands larger measure earth distance scale map find measure mapmaker scale map north america page inch miles scale centimeter kilometers compare scale map scale map page
kind weather place called climate climate depends part latitude places equator generally colder climate places height land important places highlands generally cooler places lowlands climate place terms temperature precipitation temperature hot cold place precipitation water falls earth generally rain snow country climates look map page color map stands kind climate live northeast united states likely cold snowy winters cool summers live southeast likely warm weather plenty rainfall round live southwest united states warm dry climate live northwest likely plenty rain live northern alaska cold dry climate live hawaii hot rainy climate kind climate live live kind climate live think climate affects needs clothing housing climate affect kinds things outdoors climate lot grows parts country
past comes archaeologists study remains lived ago remains bones early remains artifacts things left tools weapons works art artifacts kinds artifacts remains finding lived carbon found living things measuring amount carbon left things alive scientists tell remains called radiocarbon dating tells age remains bone hair think tell age teeth think americas believed asia began coming americas europeans reached north america south america thousands ago sheets ice thousands feet meters thick covered large parts earth ice sheets spread millions square miles square kilometers major movements ice known ice age movement begun ago movement started ago ended ago archaeologists believe groups started coming americas start ice age
spanish lands america belonged king spain king divided land persons favored wealth power landowners spain land pleased king farming important landowners spain landowners large farms called haciendas large farms generally able money spain land dry soil generally poor think large farms helpful conditions mining making living spain case farming spanish money mining cost mining gold silver high mines generally owned wealthy owned haciendas mines needed lots workers think workers indians forced spanish spanish took land spain need workers grew blacks africa indians blacks treated slaves missions found spain set supported spanish king king hoped missions help spain grow power wealth
john cabot italian sea captain living england columbus journey cabot heard columbus journey felt columbus sailed south cabot believed northern route atlantic ocean asia shorter cabot king england give permission sail england business england helped pay trip think king england business willing help cabot cabot set sail north america sailed coast present newfoundland nova scotia returning england cabot found short water route asia give england claim land north america english sea captains robbed spanish treasure ships captains called sea dogs sir francis drake known english sea dog drake left england sailed south america found unprotected spanish treasure ships peru drake took treasure ships ships carry sailed northwest daring return route suppose drake finally sailed west pacific ocean indian ocean sailed tip africa england drake english person sail english finally interested starting colony america
english colonies farmers farming hardest england growing season short deep forests covered land soil thin full rocks think england farm fields small england colonists prepared fields town family fields grow corn oats vegetables fruits grew flax plant linen cloth animals grazed commons land englanders divided fields towns farms families built houses land towns fenced land stone walls think found stones walls england farms small took family member young children matter hard worked raise food needed food eaten england imported brought places colonial settlements england ocean think england fishing help feed families think living farming began fishing living colonial european wanted fish england colonies exported places salted dried fish england began hunting whales
colonies talked war britain groups met daily train march groups citizen soldiers ready fight minute notice minutemen think important prepared case war april thomas gage british general boston decided act planned send soldiers concord destroy weapons gunpowder stored minutemen concord soldiers capture colonial leaders lexington leaders samuel adams john hancock colonists learned general gage plan night april paul revere william dawes rode countryside spread word british soldiers coming minutemen prepared fight adams hancock managed lexington look map page think paul revere william dawes routes april british marched lexington seventy minutemen waiting village green knows sure side fired minutemen killed ten wounded british soldiers continued concord destroyed weapons minutemen chance hide fighting broke british forced turn news fighting spread quickly
british army spent winter philadelphia pennsylvania british money buy supplies british soldiers housed clothed fed matters general washington american army nearby valley forge american army money supplies carried valley forge wagon dirt roads wagons broke supplies stolen soldiers lived simple huts protect bitter cold food clothing blankets shoes terrible winter valley forge nearly american soldiers died general washington faced hardships valley forge worked hard build army baron von charge training soldiers baron von soldier prussia help american taught american soldiers handle guns march fight battles turned american army trained group soldiers important americans february united states entered agreement france king france agreed send ships weapons gunpowder gold united states united states france promised peace britain country agreed think important agreement end spain holland entered war britain
spring george washington held meeting home reason meeting settle differences virginia maryland potomac river meeting success present decided hold meeting september meeting place annapolis maryland thirteen states invited send annapolis states annapolis meeting alexander hamilton wrote weaknesses articles confederation present decided hold meeting weaknesses meeting held philadelphia pennsylvania twelve states met philadelphia rhode island send want government articles confederation changed george washington chosen charge meeting benjamin franklin alexander hamilton james madison important leaders attended attended meeting idea making articles confederation stronger soon decided write plan government united states meeting known constitutional convention leaders wrote constitution decide plan government country knew history learned united states rule britain
farm lived crow called sim sal dim sat big green tree called sim sal dim sim sal dim farmer wife hear sim sal dim saying sim sal dim sim sal dim teach words farmer wife teach hens door farmer wife big green tree called crow shoo shoo shoo shoo crow liked words friends visit shoo shoo shoo shoo called crow friends looked shoo shoo shoo shoo called crow big green tree let friends soon farmer wife found crow teach words teach nice friends farmer farmer wife ran big green tree called crow crow liked words farmer wife woods picking berries hungry tramp farmer house called crow thank thank friend tramp eat called crow big green tree
lucky coupon free ice cream cone unlucky raining lucky umbrella unlucky wind strong lifted high air lucky boat middle ocean unlucky boat gas lucky friendly porpoise gave ride unlucky porpoise liked dive drowned lucky sea turtle took island unlucky island lucky bird lived home unlucky bird hiccups flying dropped lucky landed empty seat roller coaster unlucky didn ticket roller coaster lucky roller coaster ice cream stand lucky coupon free ice cream cone lucky sky high chocolate strawberry vanilla cherry lemon lime peppermint stick ice cream cone glossary tells meaning words book glossary book begin part page glossary printed words printed heavy black type called entry words
charlie home school feeling terrible drawn picture duck duck drawn teacher nice cow charlie charlie feeling terrible home school backyard started build building things makes feel found small orange boards tiny orange nails orange hammer pounded tiny orange nails orange boards added orange pipes orange sticks fastened orange wire feet orange string bit glue orange tube finally nailed orange crate big orange thing beautiful charlie looked looked eddy lived door asked big orange thing eddy walked sure look charlie eddy looked big orange thing hour finally eddy dull big orange thing charlie thought talks eddy laughed mouth true charlie orange boards mouth talk charlie bet eddy hungry big orange thing
manning house bird feeder supposed squirrelproof mrs manning don think squirrel knows squirrelproof coming looks hungry squirrel ran pole began eating birdseed happily manning frowned birds won feeder squirrel keeps coming tapped window spoon squirrel ran oak tree sure mrs manning boomerang throw comes boomerang marcia squirrel manning dinner going give boomerang real surprise mannings finished dinner quickly manning oil rubbed oil pole feeder marcia watched pole slippery ice manning boomerang comes trick works minutes boomerang ran oak tree started climb pole didn slipped bottom worked cried manning oil boomerang nearly dark marcia bed maybe birds tomorrow morning mannings eating breakfast boomerang ran tree started scramble pole
cut ears pink red paper straws whiskers tape ears whiskers bag fold yellow orange paper half cut bill tape bill bag wolf rabbit wear mittens paws duck wear big gloves feet stone play big fluffy balls newspaper put balls paper paper bag tape bag shut fox stopped drink water pulling bucket water leaned edge slipped fell fox tried climb couldn soon goat stopped drink pulling bucket water saw fox bottom goat asked water fox answered water drank don jump drink want poor goat thirsty didn stop think goat leaped began drink water fast goat drinking fox jumped stood goat horns climbed goat guessed fox tricked
joey play boy sidewalk front house boy bouncing ball joey steps black hair wore green sweater pants shoes tan big nose joey stood top steps looked boy don live boy stopped bouncing ball looked joey looked joey hair red looked joey sweater blue looked joey short pants looked joey brown shoes looked joey nose don boy walked ball joey took skates sat bottom step put boy pulling wagon wasn wagon shiny paint beautiful wagon boy passed joey house joey face joey don don belong boy stopped walking belong moved looked joey skates face skates dopey skates stupid wagon joey ride boy
grandmother store roll rice paper arm package sally sally opened package look grandmother twisted big brush tiny brush inside larger brush sally brushes getting late grandmother shopping stop sun ling newspaper office sally leaned big desk grandmother bought chinese newspaper sally waited waited grandmother talked desk finally grandmother ready leave newspaper office grandmother surprise sally pointed restaurant door thought sally re going eat home sally loved eat chinese restaurant today hoped grandmother hurry grandmother ate pressed duck almond chicken pea pods rice slowly finished poured cup tea grandmother missed clock bus sally let hurry bus grandmother grandmother finished tea wiped mouth put coat left restaurant grandmother smiled owner smiled sally lucky girl treasure grandmother sally couldn smile worried painting home nearly dark
morning sally sick mother felt forehead don fever matter sally answered slowly re hobby show school today don don want hobby wanted copy grandmother painting mother asked sally nodded didn grandmother standing doorway dressed re going school mother breakfast sally couldn eat started leave table grandmother kitchen put piece rice paper front grandmother beautiful grandmother saved words sally painted practicing brush strokes sally frowned maybe friends think hobby painting funny black lines friends didn hard brush painting ahead mother ink stick jar brushes re interesting sally looked grandmother thought hours grandmother spent teaching brush strokes grandmother cross show sally stroke sally decided brush school hobby show sally put brushes jar ink stick wooden box rolled rice paper put arm school
enjoy watching shooting stars night sky seen brilliant streaks light move quickly dark sky shooting stars caused small pieces material outer space small fragments size grain sand plunge earth atmosphere high speeds moving fast heat produced hit upper part atmosphere streaks brightly glowing gases looked shooting stars shared experience early scientists lesson learn scientists study events shooting stars finish lesson able define observations identify pattern set observations explain experiment test hypothesis explain difference theory scientific law describe observations help identify meteorites suppose suddenly night brilliant blue white ball appears lighting sky moves rapidly sky seconds glowing body breaks pieces piece turns white red falls ground sky show rare appearance ordinary shooting stars happens chunk material rushing upper air large completely changed gas solid parts fall earth surface natural piece material outer space reaches earth surface burns called meteorite
part earth crust suddenly tremble shake buildings crumble fall places likely earthquakes energy words earthquakes recent scientists developed theory answer question lesson familiar scientific explanation earthquakes finish lesson able define term fault describe types motion faults explain relationship plates faults earthquakes describe kinds earthquake waves recorded give evidence show relationship earthquake locations crustal plate edges damage caused earthquakes makes aware produced forces earth scientists found clues records earthquake locations relationship earthquakes motion crustal plates crust created pushed mid ocean ridge total surface earth remains means parts crust constantly disappearing soon pulled earth interior strains produced crustal movements source earthquakes figure shows location large earthquakes period earthquakes place close plates boundaries plates actually huge cracks crust
imagine entire earth flooded water depth kilometer parts continents shown figure water areas mountains pattern mountains spread continents lesson learn pattern mountains finish lesson able describe formation andes himalayas terms plate tectonics point relationship island arcs trenches plate edges compare profile land beneath ocean land sea level suppose movie camera photograph earth surface taking picture thousand film shown normal speed millions condensed minutes slow movements crustal plates seen rapid collision west coast south america look fig page plate carrying south american continent moving westward plate making pacific ocean floor west south america nazca moving eastward continent plates collide boundary western edge south america collision moving plates crumpling western edge south america figure shows large range mountains called andes formed western edge south america
layers rock found places beneath surface earth formed ago stones sand mud products erosion deposited layers pressure layer building slowly changed deposits solid rock geologists think rock layers tell story believe preserved layer short part story earth history read pages book geologists read layers rock language rock layer history written read lesson help answer questions finish lesson able explain principle uniform process list ideas geologists studying rock layers describe unconformity interpret rock layers shown diagram scientists rock layer information past hidden fig notice markings rock layers marks formed answer question scientists look happening earth today figure shows inside sand dune notice sand deposited thin layers kinds marks found rock layer likely rock process principle uniform process principle states processes acting earth today acted earth past
divide parts divide periods development period born started walk talk period begin started school change live divides story parts blend form personal history record left rocks shows earth history divided definite parts finish lesson able main parts earth history describe conditions existed division earth history compare length occupied main division earth past construct scale measuring amount radioactive material kinds rocks scientists concluded oldest rocks found earth date age billion earth history recorded rocks begins ago scientific evidence correct earth older radioactive clocks rocks begin ticking rock hardens magma scientists believe earth existence billion ago period million newly formed earth cooling developing crust record earth history remaining rocks began processes erosion started solid crust
carefully examine rock separate mineral grains seen minerals atoms atoms small seen studied special machines photograph shows inside machine study atomic particles lesson study parts atom finish lesson able describe atom words nucleus proton neutron electron explain kind atom explain atoms able join chemical compound demonstrate formation kinds molecules single atom small invisible powerful microscopes atoms smaller particles called atomic particles thirty kinds atomic particles seen scientists able learn important facts particles greatest mass protons neutrons protons neutrons size smallest particles electron electron thousandths mass proton particles protons neutrons electrons form basic structure atom protons electrons electrical charges experimented magnets seen effect electrical charges magnets held repel push
mention cave thinks dark mysterious place mystery caves dark secrets hidden treasures real mystery large cavity form rock beneath surface answer mystery discovered tracing path water sinks beneath earth surface finish lesson able explain porosity permeability soil rock define water table trace development limestone caverns test describe relationship size soil particles porosity soil things happen water falls ground rain returned directly atmosphere evaporation rainwater form runoff water rain sinks ground rainwater sinks ground called ground water water sink soil open spaces soil grains ground water fills spaces rock soil joints cracks water seeps empty spaces water enters rock thought solid spaces crystals grains solid rock water seeps tiny spaces spaces called pores amount empty space soil rock called porosity porosity sedimentary rocks percent
water faucet turn faucet comes stream clean running water water faucets milk comes cartons person natural source water things happen careful waste water careful water supply pure clean water finish lesson able describe usable water found earth list ways water identify ways water polluted analyze water budget communities water renewable resource millions ago earth million billion tons water water today water drop returned natural water cycle water moves sea evaporates falls rain earth water purified travels water cycle nature supply clean pure water amount water united states doubled water population continues grow present rate times water needed needed
material plants green color capture energy sunlight solar energy stored food green plants energy storage problem solved knew collect store solar energy amount solar energy received earth twenty minutes supply energy needs entire solar energy important energy sources future finish lesson able compare fusion fission nuclear energy sources point ways solar energy indirectly examples show solar energy directly list additional sources energy determine ways conserve energy future populations earth energy supplied sources nuclear energy common alternate energy source replace fossil fuels nuclear energy comes nuclei cores atoms ways produce energy nuclei atoms method fission atoms fission means nuclei atoms split fission nuclei takes place large amount heat heat produce steam run electric generators element uranium fuel commonly fission reactions piece uranium size marble produce amount heat tons coal uranium common element
parts body important eyes eyes easily damaged things re looking boiling test tube watching break rock eyes comes flying working chemicals hot solutions breaking rocks protect eyes safety glasses need eyes wear safety glasses lab workers loose fitting clothes accidents properly dressed loose hair likely hair catch fire ideas shown drawings start laboratory think ideas hair tie loose jackets fix loose fitting clothes alcohol liquid burns alcohol burner alcohol rises wick top wick heat match vaporizes alcohol ignites vapors burning vapors called flame liquid alcohol evaporates quickly ignites easily reason bring container alcohol flame try refill alcohol burner job teacher room flames top burner fit tightly alcohol inside burner catch fire alcohol burners accidents school single accidents
mixtures consist chemicals dissolved liquid water physical property able dissolve called solubility substance dissolve liquid insoluble put grains sugar test tube water hand lens observe happens disappear destroyed test tube prove statement process test tube called dissolving liquid mixture called solution according molecular theory water sugar molecules constant motion sugar solid molecules held strong forces move rapidly moving water molecule strikes sugar molecule sugar molecule knocked crystal energy move water sugar molecules mixed water put large piece copper sulfate jar water cover jar set window sill watched disturbed notice spread blue color outward crystals happening copper sulfate diffuse entire jar water experiments shown top page test conditions affect speed sugar dissolves
important elements iron magnesium aluminum found nature parts compounds elements compounds held attractive forces atoms separate elements energy added overcome attracting forces section examples studied add energy compounds separate free elements wood complex mixture hundreds molecules molecules composed atoms carbon hydrogen oxygen add small pieces wood test tube shown heat test tube gas burner wood test tube change heated material test tube forms wood heated minutes element makes substance mortar pestle crush piece iron pyrite powder test powder magnet record observations heat powdered pyrite gas flame forms top test tube allow contents test tube cool pour remaining powder test magnet physical property changed element physical property chemists tell iron pyrite molecules iron fe atom sulfur atoms chemical formula iron pyrite evidence heating iron pyrite produces free iron
difficult study atmospheric pressure directly air seen felt indirect approaches studying effects atmospheric pressure things indirect approach science awkward lead misunderstandings special care chapter drawing conclusions making general statements knows happens pressure inside balloon increased fewer idea happens pressure balloon changed tried experiment push glass tubes holes hole stopper margin attach balloon tubes put stopper mouth bottle blow tube leading balloon caution blow glass mouthpiece washed hot soapy water remove bacteria happens decrease pressure balloon sucking air glass tube shown picture note happens balloon happens air sucked tube air blown tube record results help person increase pressure inside balloon decrease pressure inside balloon discuss behavior balloon terms inside pressures balloon grow larger grow smaller
modern theory motion states force act object set motion likewise moving object slows force act slow gravity common force sets objects motion friction common force brings objects stop list forces give object set motion stopped force person pushes pedals bicycle bicycle begin speed squeezing brake handles force exerted wheels bicycle slowing object increasing speed accelerating object slowing decelerating cover flat table top large towel soft cloth give roller skate gentle push start rolling table top notice change speed skate rolls force acting skate force accelerating force decelerating force prop legs table top slightly tilted place roller skate high end table happens force acting skate force accelerating decelerating force raise end table note effect skate change force acting skate fill cans sand making sure weigh
stand low step box centimeters high caution higher jump step compare effect landing knees stiff knees free bend test effect letting knees bend amounts compare decelerating forces produced diagrams show stopping distance change left girl body stops centimeters stopping distance centimeters measured motion head change stopping distance affect force needed stop body series illustrations showing athlete landing meter pole vault measure meters wall imagine dropping distance note vaulter lands vaulter landing land feet hard ball traveling high speed hurt person hand seriously ball caught properly ball decelerated slowly distance quickly short distance study baseball catcher slows fast pitch notice hands held ball arrives notice catcher ball strikes mitt catcher try stop fast pitch moving hands padding mitt help slow ball players baseball team wear heavy mitts catcher
knowledge orbits rocket engines developed scientists engineers launch objects orbit scientists objects orbit developed theories enabling predict paths objects basis predictions obtained experimenting falling bodies stretch thread classroom set balloon rocket shown illustration inflate balloon release force acts balloon causing accelerate gases rush rocket forward push exerted rocket amount force gases pushed equal amount force accelerates rocket forward gases pushed greater force greater force accelerate rocket forward compare accelerating distance balloon rocket projectile launcher earlier advantage large accelerating distance artificial satellites accelerated rockets giant guns put balloon rockets string stretched classroom inflate front balloon stage stage balloon rocket hold balloon tightly cm mouth push cm stage rear balloon mouth inflated stage shown inflate stage holding stages release stage happens
metal wire expands length heated expands diameter result increase volume wire substances including gases liquids increase volume heated large volume place liquids cool change solids water freezes greatest increases volume place liquids heated change gases study effect heat volume liquids fill test tubes water glycerin alcohol hole rubber stoppers insert glass tube thermometer rubber stopper put stopper glass tube thermometer test tube place test tubes beaker mark level liquids glass tube add water nearly boiling beaker observe liquids tubes test tubes warm later cool liquid shows greatest change volume liquid shows constant change volume change temperature diagrams page show models liquid temperatures atoms liquid pictured diagram solid balls convenience according modern theory atoms liquids move freely amount movement depends temperature liquid heat energy added liquid atoms move faster push farther increase volume liquid
feel single pair compression rarefaction waves hear ears sensitive waves arrive close sound consists train waves reaches ears rate waves tie small pebble piece thin rubber stretch rubber end cardboard tube stretch piece rubber end pebble handle push pull rubber fast watch rubber end explain behavior rubber terms compression waves rarefaction waves waves set fashion arrive fast produce sound human ears hear means produce waves arriving fast human ears hear waves set apparatus shown expect happen push button pressed test guess watch rubber motion touch lightly fingertips feel source energy motion rubber describe ways energy transmitted rubber hang small paper clip touches rubber press push button happens experiment suggest happening air molecules touch rubber evidence air molecules disturbed
felt duty write polite thank note uncle dan surprised didn answer uncle space trader write gifts arrived fact heard wrote mother telling coming visit month mother casual knew excited inside enthusiasm quickly checked dan message susan says tell looking forward hearing play kara sure wants hear play skies home supposed play skies home thing uncle dan crazy thinks going play supposed sense humor idea funny susan father spoke softly sense anger uncle idea joke learn play kara think try find uncle dan expects play close don think want let mildness remark hid fact order excused room fell bed started think
rochelle larkin author book soul music remembers going concert stevie sang blowin wind sang concert complete bomb says outdoors enormous baseball field cold rainy end half wished stayed home end half stevie wonder sang blowin wind song sung suddenly wasn stevie wonder child entertainer novelty category brought crowd feet reached caught longer boy wonder share mrs larkin view stevie began record songs written recorded observers began forecast demise stevie wonder anymore called genius sixteen pronounced washed seventeen stevie beginning feel tightly bound strict rules governed motown felt confined motown formula longer comfortable slick glossy motown sound commercial soul soul true sense word things say fit mold stevie extremely difficult musical style transition added occurring music
home thought things discovered doers makers things local job care recovery group details area mad clear dinner finally met sort lot expected dolbins spark fun feel home group generally felt village dinner session quiet quiet important part camp sequestering preferred call supposed think wanted experience plan bring home decide interested wanted lives answered questions problem agreed bed disappointed think realized wanted week couldn sleep desperate mother wasn going thought decided happen morning breakfast program began earnest
meter dash tennessee tornado set olympic record seconds preliminary heat final race strong headwind slowed seconds front exhibiting scissoring strides broke tape meters ahead nearest challenger jutta heine germany fourth consecutive woman won meter dash meter dash olympic games wilma earned gold medal meter relay race american woman win running events stood winner platform accept final gold disc wilma rudolph grateful medals ability run wilma rudolph olympic gold medalist couldn walk eleven wilma born st bethlehem tennessee june grew clarksville tennessee nineteen children parents blanche eddie rudolph mrs rudolph saw tiny baby weighed kilograms birth feared wilma wouldn live mrs rudolph determined woman constant loving attention wilma grew strong active children family constant buzz activity running games tag games ball games favorites younger children basketball favorite older wilma series illnesses struck developed pneumonia scarlet fever parents feared live fever subsided began recover
began shiver grew awkward large piece green moss fell fire tried poke fingers shivering frame poke burning grasses tiny twigs separated scattered tried poke spite tenseness effort shivering twigs hopelessly scattered twig gushed puff smoke looked eyes chanced dog sitting ruins fire snow sight dog put wild idea head remembered tale caught blizzard killed steer crawled inside carcass saved kill dog bury hands warm body numbness build fire spoke dog calling voice strange note fear frightened animal known speak matter hands knees crawled dog dog suspicious sidled sat snow moment struggled calmness pulled mittens means teeth feet glanced sure standing lack feeling feet left unrelated earth spoke sound whiplashes voice dog
ms maymi touched needed help puerto ricans poor black families south looking jobs big northern city poor rural whites depressed mining areas east native americans reservations west wasn families needed help elderly living care young trouble school police thing common poor needed help ms maymi noticed saw poor jobless working women poorer fewer jobs women paid knew hard care needs women facing hardships care needs needs children carmen maymi tackled problem thought big fine help neighbor set program train fifty neighbors help re making progress ten large companies government agencies support programs re making big progress carmen maymi counselor employment specialist finally administrator washington consultant presidential committee aid spanish speaking women bureau associate director months director ms maymi continued thinking big office director women bureau
sister opal weeks turned months drugstore nights dragged winter spring bank accounts college baroque pearl march friday night hundred dollars school account hundred fifty pearl account permission edsall sonnier buy pearl early morning sister opal woke pale yellow spring sun leaped heart beating hard dressed part baroque pearl buyer special needed blue velvet dress outgrown remade winter blue velvet skirt put borrowed mother white silk blouse shined shoes cracks didn show rushed downstairs breakfast knew going buy pearl family shy quiet anticipation andrew sat breathing quietly coffee clock sister opal walking essex street past dusty windows displaying lumpy silverware ceramic mugs gold decorations wooden candelabra spain sonnier shop window display silver gold watches clocks glass bells sister opal smiled thinking baroque pearl hidden secretly box waiting sister opal months inside sonnier sat chair counter reading book changed stuff stacked ceiling stuff hung floor sonnier looked eyes flat incurious help
okay listen re making pulled lineup sheet pocket crossing names putting checks list benched starters brought reserves league rule kid team play innings game bat ronga big move bringing left fielder pitch okay blast past walked pitcher mound slamming ball glove historic moment league baseball organization oversees leagues million young boys girl play pitch games twelve maria pepe took half dozen warm pitches signaled catcher throw ball infield war ready umpire called batter crowd shouted support maria arm pitch ball ohhh crown sighed maria took baseball cap wiped forehead glove arm seconds ready threw ball maria blast past smiled recognizing dad voice roaring bleachers kicked dirt pitcher mound taking getting signal catcher let loose fast ball strike batter mighty cut pitch maria blasted past
arriving thought spot left grandmother cupped hands mouth called morro grandmother morro answer soft sighing wind whispering sand drifting hope sand covered khuana thought anxiously walking sandy incline saw chamois skin spread burrow khuana heart leapt gladness found grandmother part problem solved rabbit roast water drink khuana felt dizzy didn matter able sleep rest grandmother help think khuana burrow pulled chamois skin pushed rabbit forward look grandmother rabbit burrow empty grandmother sight khuana felt inside hole turned chamois skin expected find gaushe looked surrounding desert glanced stars yelled grandmother grandmother dear grandmother voice rose high sorrow weeping body shook sobs voice rang empty desert bright tears welled eyes thought animals dragged grandmother burrow signs struggle khuana finally sat reasonably calm stopped crying
kate yard let pigs cows horse led higher ground looked honey creek watched swirling water rise piers railroad bridge spanning river bridge carried steel rails chicago north western railroad kate knew hours midnight limited hundred passengers pounding bridge hoped rain let inside house kate mother sat quietly candlelight listened wails shrieks storm clock striking eleven heard shriek louder wind recognized whistle railway engine hurried window overlooked bridge approach saw headlight engine cutting path light rain early midnight limited knew happening yard engine test tracks passenger train kate mother watched test engine moved slowly bridge instantly span collapsed thunderous crash beams timbers splintered ripped tremendous splash hiss steam engine plunged swirling waters dark moments women stood frozen window speechless horror kate pulled coat grabbing father railroad lantern lighted rushed house
room calculations fed machine seconds later computer sheet bearing answer perfectly correct dean crisply finlayson imagining things unknown reason times fed wrong program computer couldn answer don replied slowly technician mistakes carelessness explanation convinced received figure number occasions machine beginning think don ask convinced premonition number turned times kind final summons superstition beginning feel think let dean sigh tell leave end week difficult technicians found finlayson dean told end week eyes lit news brother delightedly glad help glad helping unhappy sir saying kind feared staying ye don doubt going
walked slowly house colette prancing nearly dark lights windows house leftover summer noises frog insect air clear cold finally run warm sound piano clear beautiful night knew aunt elena living room playing sits piano plays plays plays expected play tonight feel crying felt phone call wasn playing sad bach think knowing piano playing knowing uncle hal hear want find mother put head sob stayed listening moment house things calmed sat arm uncle douglas chair mind vicky asked mind uncle douglas john show aunt elena sorry uncle hal terribly terribly sorry uncle douglas put arm beard rubbed gently cheek aunt elena knows re sorry vicky john say say act stupid didn matter matters
matilda pondering gong sounded hallway signal leave dash hallway cart served coffee juice matilda left letters dashed rest sipping juice gossiping friends forgotten poem voice minister alarm despondency corridor mean asked group cart turned talking matilda flushed scarlet spilt juice floor respectable brown carpeting hallway growing flowers riotous profusion daisies campanulas crocuses mimosa foxgloves tulips lotuses places corridor looked jungle jungle red faced figure minister fought answered matilda quietly chattering group pushed flowers room leaving trail buttercups floor desk quiet thought desperately willoughby presided general gloom division noticed immediately matilda office unusual miss jones don personal noticed leave trail mixed flowers poor matilda burst tears don sobbed willoughby employees burst tears let left lobelias primroses rarer forms cactus entered room
later aunt gertie read advertisement copy international sorcerers bulletin packed luggage took airplane england aunt cissie thoughtless hearted poor child asked aunt aggie say poor sister replied tartly pity didn home making misery twelve find summerhouse matilda living left ministry alarm despondency aunts kindly firmly reasonably house filled vegetation axe cut worst growths evening rest earning money typing sewing poor dear child aunt gertie breathlessly idea verses sort effect matilda implored sniffing tears cold caught living drafty summerhouse dear bound till end sort spell completely unchangeable stop sending verses asked matilda don want sound ungrateful aunt gloomily banker order magician bank twenty dear thought fun yes heaven knows
background projection painfully obvious earlier special effects looks excellent today easy spot background projection pirate costume stand boat movie sound stage camera workers rock boat pirate film south seas shown screen final version pirate boat exotic location technique movie superman christopher reeve plays comic book hero reeve flying background projected tell helped british film crew win special oscar superman flying front background projection screen sequences reeve posed flying position front blue background held body mounts painted color carefully chosen blue tone easy edit later colored filter reeve form matted shot york skyline fighter ships star wars shot remake king kong carlo rambaldi pair giant ape paws filled motors gears wiring levers covered fur worked set helped movie win oscar special effects making special effects combines artistry complex technology effects thrilling today movies don think fantastic special effects found newest biggest movies
paul remember worked watched father silversmith shop small helped father apprentice jonah carry bags willow wood charcoal furnace later allowed bellows learned air blow silver piece sheet metal heated dull red paul ten morning task fill large earthen pickling vat water acid knew silver cooled heated gray film silversmiths called fire scale silver put vat bright mind put part acid ten parts water revere caution paul filled vat sure put water paul need warning try added water acid hissing spluttering mixture blistered hands arms bit bit paul learned process making silver piece revere repeated instructions paul undertook task revere master lightly lightly call paul hammered tapped silver remember beat wrist paul prepared solder piece silver father watched special care sure edges smooth begin solder revere instruction solder mixture silver copper zinc join pieces
early afternoon reveres crossed north square hutchinson house carried small leather bag paul knew house climbed stone wall peeped orchard gardens inside kitchen entrance revere front door likes soon cook learned errand serving boy brought reveres servant entrance hall master hutchinson library paul eyes widened library door opened seen grand room walls paneled wood thick rugs covered floor richly carved furniture velvet draperies hung windows glass chandelier glittered sunshine hundreds books shelves reaching ceiling hutchinson wore waistcoat linen shirt unpowdered light brown hair tied black ribbon looked elegant gentleman dressed simple hope pardon appearance warm working manuscript pointed table covered sheets writing history massachusetts sir asked revere folks say colony write hutchinson looked pleased recorded history massachusetts volume published working book believe brought sugar bowl ordered revere took bowl paul bag
warn father careful tories sybil suddenly knew wrong knowing families whigs tories stopped shout warning house tory ride caught militia danbury held ransom father meet ludingtons sybil yelled house head close star mane urged race faster wouldn let look shoulder sybil star roads cut fields woods dark bulk trees popped night shadowy arms slapped face rain falling legs star coated mud danbury fire meet ludingtons lights flared farmhouses militiamen pulled boots grabbed guns ran horses village sybil raced alarm bell beat sounding call arms villagers gathered help spread word meet ludingtons ordered town offered ride sybil told ride west warn aye ee soon sybil star circling lake gleneida warn farmers fishers lived banks sky aglow danbury fire pointing light yelled message meet ludingtons galloped stormville beating hammer iron ring sounding alarm hear sybil asked rider colonel ludington post road
mrs bruno appeared kitchen doorway steaming bowl hands supper ready stop pestering animal wash benvenuto sensing official member family settled carton paws folded eyelids slowly drooped began doze funny rumbling gina asked purring stupid purring re lot cats gina jumped headed kitchen settled supper mrs bruno bustled table carrying hot pans platters glanced living room noticed cardboard carton started muttering angrily face discontent fell silent grumbling mrs bruno sat took cracked bowl pantry scooped food handing bowl paolo maybe lizard ravioli york kind place rumors gossip travel fast tells bit news friend friend tells wife wife tells corner grocer corner grocer tells customer customer tells husband husband tells taxi driver soon town knows going wasn newspapers found dragon living york feature editor daily news phoned bruno wanted story benvenuto asked send reporter photographer bruno thought decided reporter okay didn want photographer house
judge leaned big leather chair stared ceiling moment leaned forward cleared throat face stony unusual situation unusual court understands concern health department fully approve city protect citizens certainly allow dangerous animals roam streets paolo heart sank judge sounded angry going put benvenuto hand slight smile crossed judge osgood face counsel defense pointed rightly dragons mentioned city health code judge eyes began twinkle knowledge city york clearly spelled policy concerning dragons find shocking oversight fact court ignore judge osgood leaned forward grew court impressed loving care devotion animal bruno family obvious aware responsibilities animal community family continues proper care pet reason action case dismissed brunos ah dragon free judge osgood finished courtroom exploded crowd cheered applauded bruno hugged mrs bruno gina hugged madame olga paolo hugged benvenuto hugged lorraine lewis won won shouted paolo re genius madame olga lorraine pounding absolute genius left courthouse flurry excitement
lovely summer outing village sewing club invited television show town going special bus mrs pepperpot going excited watched puppet show tv studio matter put summer dresses straw hats flowers town bus stopped market place filed theater felt shy front row seats soon comfortably seated bags peppermints munch mrs pepperpot likes poke nose things walking aisle seats mrs pepperpot heard sniffling crying room stage funny thought peeped door saw top hat moustache sitting chair crying baby mrs pepperpot follow rest party shrank stood tiny figure door bright summer dress straw hat puppeteer saw quick flash stretched hand picked holding tightly finger thumb thought lost mrs pepperpot terrified didn move took closer look re sleeping beauty
jagged islands rock sand curves crescent forming half circle moon cove constant moon cove season tide sea etches carves paints creating fresh forms colors phases moon control rhythm sea full moon moon bring spring tides times tides highest lowest low tide exposed floor freshly wet sand hard smooth surface sea needs fine engravings tips waves draw loose grains sand cutting pencil thin channels beach moon cove sand gallery filled intricate etchings gleaming gold threads dreamlike beauty quickly dissolved swift rising water high tides winter storms wild fist water pounds rocks sea force breakers cut cliffs slowly chipping giant sculpture moon cove bearded profile chiseled side cliff sculptured rocks lie wet sand free form arrangement nearby sea built massive castle huge entrance taller person smaller stones shape curling wave wall cliff decorated bright carvings beautiful bas reliefs cut sand action waves edges waves meet cross swing angle curving folding fan leave ridges ripples sand sculpture created sea shore meet
susan smiled isaac albino bottlenose impossible summer working seaquarium miami working captain bill gray kinds calls white dolphins call marine biologist newport news virginia known saw bottlenose swimming upside porpoises white pink stomachs white isaac pointed window close boat park gates isaac rare things don captain gray asked scientific data consistent record sightings observations white porpoises disappeared re excited porpoises play tricks re natural clowns swim upside look white white isaac insisted susan sighed opened desk drawer took pocket sized notebook swamp mosquito white bottlenose facts concerned notebook sight white porpoise write date location feeding habits amount food eaten pod school porpoises pod pod isaac resented fact susan hamilton telling things knew susan looked pushed notebook desk don waste pure white okay color makes natural targetfor sharks sharks porpoises natural enemies white porpoise easily visible lives constant danger
porpoise fleet beautiful mammal breathes air hole top head bears young alive built grin playful disposition high degree intelligence porpoise ninety conical teeth grasping food attack attack weapon hard bottlenose porpoise protection natural enemy shark superior speed maneuverability porpoises pranksters favorite tricks jump high air fall perfect swan dive average healthy bottlenose requires fifteen twenty pounds food stay physical condition porpoises thrive mixed diet blue runners herring mackerel whiting butterfish feed porpoise fish serve table fish absolutely fresh porpoises innately friendly special knowledge require friends frighten approach calmly gently wonderful playmates millions ago porpoises land creatures mystery drove sea retained longing land bottlenose dolphins closely related humans humans breathe air humans brain capable linking ideas progressive thought humans communicate ideas language humans basically lonely group families isaac rubbed eyes hot nights filled noise merciless cawing sea gulls soft plop incoming tide creek bank high wail jet plane descending air force base mainland
poor widow saw young sneak yard steal chickens knew young report authorities evening including young gathered village square watch carnival fireworks display widow called kind person steals chickens poor woman tell thief heart stone shame person shame shame young listened ashamed night sneaked widow yard returned chickens alas cooked eaten widow saw hid chickens young lose face village princess finished tale turned admiral sir revenge believe wronged punished humiliated going behead admiral ugh princess distasteful admiral completely fogbound highness going simple princess supply guides harsh mountainous terrain leads country emperor provide week supply food water water buffaloes help carry provisions princess thoughtful course appreciate returning water buffaloes
graduating radcliffe college june young women looking solemn nervous black caps gowns walked slowly aisle seats graduate radcliffe college women connected harvard high honor graduation proud girls families afternoon fathers mothers relatives graduates especially aware girl tall dignified walked smaller woman dressed black cap gown knew tall girl helen adams keller blind deaf person earn college diploma woman asked whisper don reply kind helper woman black annie sullivan helen keller called teacher earlier annie sullivan walked helen keller dark lonely bring light knowledge love love annie sullivan valued annie sullivan family moved america ireland hoped warmth comfort plentiful food housing found springfield massachusetts cold winters hard times food poverty live damp dark slum house matters worse annie began trouble eyes trachoma doctor called disease infection spread rapidly slum neighborhoods annie member sullivan family sick mother died tuberculosis brother jimmie crippled disease
miyax stared hard regal black wolf hoping catch eye tell starving ask food knew father eskimo hunter camped wolf den hunt month passed father seen game told leader wolves hungry needed food night wolf called father found freshly killed caribou unfortunately miyax father explained told wolf needs afterward paddled kayak bering sea hunt seal returned watching wolves days trying discern sounds movements expressed goodwill friendship animals signals arctic ground squirrels flicked tails sideways notify kind friendly imitating signal forefinger miyax lured squirrel hand discover gesture wolves able friends share food bird fox propped elbows chin fists stared black wolf trying catch eye chosen larger walked father kapugen head high chest black wolf possessed wisdom observed pack looked wind carried strange scents birds cried nervously
shiny blade tommy benson sharp hatchet cut satisfying thwack piece stovewood didn mind splitting kindling beautiful tool sister lucy crowded close watch stand lucy tommy crossly told times re going hurt don lucy moved step presently curiosity edged forward hatchet started hand darted help hold stick horrifying scream mrs benson flew kitchen door neighboring yards ran happened quick run dr williams tommy hurry mrs benson called going dr williams neighbors sick bed grippe stand feet doctor cried mrs benson blocks blocks cried desperately miss blackwell calls doctor put woman don patients wants woman doctor maybe nothin run tommy run fast called mrs benson elizabeth blackwell paying patient elizabeth girl women doctors elizabeth thought woman understand ills problems women male doctor determined prove
army recruiter stood front group handsome neatly pressed uniform sun bleached hair told president felt loyal americans regardless race permitted exercise responsibilities citizens didn say evacuated voice asked recruiter explaining army felt volunteer nisei unit successful special unit stand told wouldn simply additional manpower dispersed regular army prove loyalty special group dramatic nodding shaking heads room filled murmur voices agreed disagreed recruiter questions rained directions nisei unit won simply cannon fodder dangerous zones asked army forming german italian units pressed re enemy countries boys asked fight country put barbed wire elderly voice questioned yuki startled toda spoken volunteer serve american boy favored army plan prove loyalty volunteer yuki listened nervously voices grew heated excitement tense anxious meeting finally ended confused unsure difficult decision
happened quickly army reached inside barbed wire fence built took ken jim hundreds young decided volunteer papers processed clearances issued volunteers ready leave basic training camp shelby mississippi moment toda tried dissuade ken hasty cautioned stake ken mind change night ken leave toda friends farewell party ken took ken simply kenichi believe boys someday nisei going proud grateful wrong admission strong willed ken looked pleased thanks toda grinning remember yuki looked admiringly older brother strong brave suddenly grown bitterness inside appeared burned finally found father explained find dignity makes happy person uh huh yuki mused guess ken grew ways farther days wrestle floor berkeley closer entirely sort
frank dug collected wondered indians flint obsidian knives arrowheads western york able tell matter fact archaeologist answer question young frank cushing asking summer wanted find proceeded flint hard kind stone obsidian sort natural glass eruption volcano glass flint obsidian frank experimented broken bottles chunks plate glass hammered tapped managed shape objects looked arrowheads glass arrowheads nearly real indian frank decided try found indian harpoon bone started copy fresh bone handy thing handle toothbrush wanted kind tools indians set chips flint worked beautifully moved sharp edge sawing motion tried piece flint scraping trouble flakes flint snapping soft toothbrush handle breaking hard flint gave frank idea maybe shape flint tools pressing flakes toothbrush handle soon making arrowheads managed hammering tapping discovered indian secret
days greece settled cecrops king attica rugged triangular country mainly goat farming culture honey bees surrounded sides sea cecrops planned city steep rock jutted plain kilometers inland shore fine harbors rock spread fertile country watered streams gods interested human affairs approved idea cecrops gave city blessing foreseeing famous cities reason dispute gods special patron claims put forward god arguing clear award lie athene goddess wisdom sea god poseidon gods decided contest produce marvel attic land promise gift city greater gift win city appointed judges ranged rock gods say judges chosen spirits attic hills rivers maintain olympian gods side stood poseidon flowing dark blue beard majestic stature carrying hand pronged trident rules waves side stood athene grey eyed serene helmet golden head spear hand
seen lines figures fairly easy etch surface desert figures drawn scale models traced final form desert floor moving piling rocks stones mention took lay figures place involved thousands hours broiling sun figures important important ica nazca large number laborers hard job growing food send desert create giant figures significance interesting controversial theory advanced dr paul kosok historian island university dr kosok studying peoples ancient peru wife peru june couple happened desert looking lines figures southern hemisphere june winter solstice shortest dr kosok wife lines small mesa stood pondering significance lines sun began set surprise setting sun touched horizon lines base stood suddenly dr kosok inspiration lines part gigantic system astronomical calculation later wrote largest astronomy book spread
letter astoria didn post office january aunt columbia wide west captain acted tickled opened letter smiled booted sister rowena table ask music lessons mood papa piano lessons didn say mama side tried captain girls piano lessons mama voice timid asked father put handkerchief mouth minute finished speaking rowena looked hopefully captain yes smiling didn answer question aunt columbia coming visit guess maybe columbia coming oregon exclaimed mama clear bell heard yes columbia coming didn talk dinner table captain didn smiling smiled night asked aunt columbia sister sister columbia baines mama softly haven set eyes san francisco music conservatory sighed columbia sweetest shyest thing sang angel mama sounding dreamy smiling glanced captain nodding mama talked
chicago swelteringly hot july thermometer readings climbed nearly plants animals wilt blistering sun trolley stop tracks horse pulling fainted heat inside fans air conditioners invented breeze wooden frame houses south side city ovens suffocating buildings group tried temperatures normal provident hospital doctors nurses worry heat save lives midmorning july young james cornish rushed provident stab wound chest injury patient pain persisted dr daniel hale williams head provident soon discovered doctor dreaded find patient heart damaged successfully performed heart surgery fact incision chest abdomen led death antiseptic methods medicine common find doctor probing inside patient washing hands wonder feared hospitals dr dan called patients friends difficult decision put patient bed hope attempt sew damaged heart room tense nurses doctors waited decision james cornish groaned bed corner answer dr dan announced operate
finally dan convinced doc palmer hard dan asked learned doc palmer helper age dan williams entered chicago medical school hardest dan study night medical students worried money classes exciting learning learned parts body learned cleanliness stop horrible deaths caused infection ether recently discovered dan learned stop patients screams operating rooms dan inspired teachers medicine changing proud part hard paid shoemaker apprentice march dan walked medical school doctor daniel hale williams dan opened small office chicago waited slowly patients sensed doctor cared told friends dr dan performed surgery dining room table office fame spread offered surgical job local clinic operate sterile conditions equipment dan experience surgical skill improved race lucky difficult young black surgeons find place perform surgery fact black patients allowed white hospitals black hospitals worst country things bothered dan
triumphantly caroline lifted finger fine italic type successful afternoon italian guide book pieced language choose wonderful sight seeing route hour daylight wouldn minutes florence tower called bent guide book carefully tracing text finger sure translating correctly word word moving finger stopped abruptly niccolo di risen mind portrait thin white face deepset black eyes stared intently portrait asked remembered remembered picture museums clear light colors picture whiteness face blackness eyes hair clothes glint gold letters pile books young rested hand underneath picture written portrait unknown gentleman nicolo di seen portrait face forget apparently strange scandal don turn picture won mention caroline shivered don look tower caroline aloud gentle curves road fork florence left top hill stood tall round tower
began cry shuddering pain sobs true brought danger safety climb menacing stairs reality safe home reality stairs stopped crying counted hand tearing brick wall moved foot step counted thought depth stood frozen terror stone beneath feet brick hand frail protections abruptly sat step counted spreading hands tightly step side swung body step counted pressing closer closer wall empty drop side step think slid hand rough wall slowly stood upright hand reached railing dark timeless stood knowing fear twenty twenty step stair brushed face knew bat hand touched horrifying horror sense moving dread safety forced stairs
news supper grandmother decided read newspaper delivered breakfast reads ads grandmother sat sofa held newspaper end arm squinted tilted head farther nostrils called lewis lewis bring glasses knew look look pale blue frames shaped sideways commas thinks think nose head trying dial telephone glasses practically stands room points finger wrong numbers case fire call found glasses grandmother began reading messages paper sending telegrams habits wonder wonder commissioner parks invites central park tonight read asked mass mugging special waited pause asked special grandmother waited pause answered spectacular bothering look newspaper paused grandmother paused paused grandmother paused paused paused paused won grandmother spoke spectacular show stars movie stars rock roll inquired politely star stars answered mean sky full
instrument called dot changer special sort electron tube heart television camera kinds camera tubes generally type iconoscope important parts mosaica collector ring electron gun mosaic metal plate covered insulating material surface insulating material thousands tiny round spots silver spot coated special substance acts tiny phototube mosaic hundreds thousands tiny phototubes light falls tiny spots electrons leave stronger light electrons lost electrons negative loss electrons leaves phototube positively charged picture projected mosaic changed pattern positive electric charges say picture broken sized dots electric charge electrons lost phototubes collected collector ring removed iconoscope electron gun filament plate small hole filament serves source electrons fly directions electrons stream hole light stream hole piece cardboard held front flashlight bulb electron stream finer hair bent sets electrically charged plates angles set plates makes electron stream bend
happened mrs bird worst fears realised paddington beginning thoughts dentists looking round leach surgery decided nicer expected gleaming white spotlessly clean marmalade stain seen wasn mrs bird called furnished chair leach possess fact paddington couch rose air took kinds shapes simply press button paddington impressed head nice warm lamp left paw glass pinkish liquid basin whilst side leach table fixed arm number instruments laid paddington hastily averted gaze settled chair liked despite aching tooth dutifully opened mouth eyed leach interest picked small rod object looked mirror end stick leach gave grunts approval peered paddington mouth tapping teeth end rod times broke song delved deeper deeper bear standing glad paddington sat looking relieved thank leach exclaimed
leach glared moment staggered surgery clutching jaw fractured cusps gave impression cemented look face slammed door boded ill patient list morning paddington looked upset thought going exclaimed going mrs bird grimly series muffled exclamations reached ears sound things going week held hand due disposed soon home bear lasting toffee judy squeezed paddington paw climbed taxi home mind whispered bears able say re gold tooth tell mrs brown valuable moment gold tooth head completely happens paddington digested latest piece information moment settled seat happened morning felt job remember let put postcard wrote aunt lucy peru beginning feel pleased things turned felt sure equally delighted news
night november audience chat excitedly wait ballet begin theater lights dim orchestra begins play music magical mysterious curtain rises stage sunlight filters dimly trees thick forest slowly cautiously prince enters eerie scene wild beast screams distance prince draws hunting bow taut beast passes prince relaxes suddenly arm flies shield eyes golden light whirls leaps firebird flame red feathers cover firebird body gold dust sparkles arms legs ballerina leaps high air leg stretched stretched hang air glides earth twinkling airborne dazzling speed dancer fly stage audience astounded performance seen ballerina leap high cries brava ring role firebird maria tallchief blazed hearts minds american ballet lovers clearly showed perfection worked hard late united states outlawed dancing osage indians brave osages met secretly customs alive eliza tall chief eliza took granddaughter betty marie tall chief watch osage ceremonial songs rhythms movements young girl freeze awe
young girl watched scenery whiz taught piano playing drilled drilled able play complex pieces maybe ballet maybe learn exercises dance tall chief car pulled driveway stopped betty marie started open door turned mother mom began think want learn ballet belcher week hard began wall dance studio railing called barre hand railing young girl raised leg ow hurt soon raise leg high felt running race sister felt took weeks learn single movement finally future balerina able perfectly betty marie worked hours music dancing birthday gave concert half played chopin piano concerto fingers glided keys audience applauded rest danced belcher taught legs perfect control body spinning action remembered watching dancers tribe alive felt finished audience applauded someday betty marie choose piano ballet
ballerinas injure maria asked ready ballerina part maria big chance ballerinas rehearsed role rest maria costume standing offstage waiting cue company director appeared maria sorry madame slavenska going dance role maria cried part sorry maria bitterly disappointed maria left place experienced performer company prima ballerina madame danliova role demanding attempt rehearsal months later ballerina injured maria tallchief dance concerto afterward company rushed congratulate corps dancers jealous proud gave bouquet red roses madam nijinska overjoyed student success madame danilova danced maria finally chance show prima superbly maria danced important roles talent george balanchine guest choreographer especially interested watched tall young dancer strength marvelous control balanchine began maria learned difficult movements quickly gave important roles performed perfectly balanchine began york city ballet maria joined perform dances designed especially danced firebird danced
look forward driver license walk bike short trips wait driven longer trips license symbol mature independent mobile participate wider range activities getting license represent stage living mobility travel eventually freedom want learn drive join drivers part highway transportation system hts hts complex system composed parts machines roadways purpose hts move goods place safe efficient economical manner pictures pages show machines roadways highway transportation system hts walking driving riding called road users road users drivers cars passengers pedestrians bicycle riders motorcyclists drivers trucks vans buses recreational maintenance vehicles part system road users hts travel jobs truckers perform jobs hts users travel hts pleasure road users include age groups preschool children senior citizens regardless age physical mental emotional conditions range excellent poor obey law hts distracted personal problems drive tired ill intoxicated hts responsibly cooperatively
starting drive car warning lights gauges instrument panel tell learn location operation car controls devices safety communication comfort instruments devices controls location cars reading owner manual help learn find operate gauges lights located instrument panel tell car operating cars warning lights sure bulbs working checking light ignition switch turned lights gauges register correctly engine running picture shows typical instrument panel numbers picture correspond gauges lights explained page gauge shows amount fuel left tank let fuel tank quarter full run risk running fuel cold weather tank half full help prevent gas line freeze condition occur water condenses inside fuel tank freezes particles ice block fuel line stop flow fuel turn key seat belt light remind occupants fasten seat belts driver seat belt fastened key turned buzzer sound remind driver tells fast car traveling car speedometers show speed miles hour kilometers hour odometer generally located speedometer shows total number miles car driven
driving car manual stickshift transmission requires coordination clutch accelerator gear shift lever clutch pedal pressed floor starting engine shifting coming stop depressing clutch disconnects engine wheels takes car gear times driving foot clutch pedal habit riding clutch driving left foot resting lightly clutch pedal needless clutch wear stickshift cars speed speed shift pattern cars speed pattern speed pattern lever mounted steering column think pattern letter reverse upper left corner speed shift pattern gear shift lever floor fourth gear intended higher speeds open highways fourth takes power car moving fuel shifting smoothly position clutch depressed floor speeds shifting intended guidelines check owner manual car transmissions vary greatly position crossbar shift patterns pictured car gear standing starting engine gear start car moving forward speed mph km driving steep hills driving mud snow ice pulling heavy loads
natural laws gravity energy motion determine objects move riding small lightweight bicycle low speeds easily understand control forces explained natural laws driving car weighing ton half highway speeds requires understanding natural laws gravity pulls objects center earth throw ball drop book knock jar shelf gravity pull objects earth gravity vehicle increase speed going downhill driving downhill control car shifting lower gear foot brake slow car releasing accelerator saves fuel force gravity works drivers making downhill stops plan longer stop driving hills mountains driving level ground going uphill cars lose speed working pull gravity accelerate maintain speed stickshift car downshift climb steep hill consider passing uphill grade remember engine power climb hill power left speeding pass circus high wire walkers pole balance pole lowers center gravity fall object center gravity point weight evenly balanced cars low center gravity makes handle turns illustrations left show adding weight roof top carrier raise car center gravity
identified hazard driving scene step ipde process predict hazard affect planned path travel predict interpreting information identified judging points conflict occur predict actions predicting involves happening happen happen affect complex traffic situation difficult predict outcome ability predict improves gain knowledge experience practice making judgments basis driving knowledge comes study traffic laws driver education materials drive continue store knowledge gathering information longer drive relate information learned addition storing knowledge experience helps develop improve ability predict accurately exposure greater variety driving experiences solid base making sound judgments knowledge experience hand hand sharpen predicting ability drive types weather rain fog snow gain experience knowing expect cope conditions driving task picture easier driver knowledge driving experience driving safely conditions greatly reduced visibility wisely driver headlights low beam speed reduced knowledge experience help making judgments making judgment involves process evaluating measuring making comparisons
drive find carry ipde process execute phase identify bicyclist ahead hazard moment bicyclist turn side street path longer need think bicyclist traffic find reason change planned path travel speed situations ipde cycles situation pictured driver deciding change lanes pedestrian driver identifying predicting actions truck farther ahead past pedestrian driver decide execute return lane going past truck development ipde ongoing process continual practice driver ipde process effective habitual ride drivers practice ipde process remember ipde process takes planned path travel free conflict identify predict decide execute complex traffic situation longer takes carry ipde process choose actions ipde process longer factors lengthen needed complete ipde process driving mind totally driving task identify potential hazard helpful driving clue seeing traffic requires full attention
pedestrians especially children run front cars entering leaving bus picture reason drivers treat school buses special care laws require traffic going ways street stop school bus stops load unload passengers school bus flashing red lights states stop sign swings side bus stopping ahead lights bus stop flashing stop sign withdrawn states roadway divided median strip vehicles approaching bus side median need stop look pedestrians bus stops getting bus run street rushing catch bus approach stopped bus slowly ready stop guard sudden appearance surprise actions pedestrians techniques meeting stopped bus big picture extends curb include sidewalk driveway cross street parked cars hide children adults approaching leaving bus approaching spot person getting running catch bus slow move increase distance pedestrian pedestrian chances early tap horn eye contact alert pedestrian presence reduce speed cover brake needed allow corrective action protect pedestrians difficulties bicyclists avoided accepted bicycle vehicle
rural roads lane driving types roads characteristics lane highways techniques driving safely warning signs mark sharp curves lane highways curve sharp advisory speed sign warning sign picture square yellow sign informs drivers maximum safe speed curve ideal weather conditions approach curve steps quick glances curve identify oncoming traffic alert driver enter curve high speed cross center line lane forced edge road maintain accurate lane position glancing ahead intended path travel evaluate sharpness curve slow suitable speed entering curve advisory speed sign tell slow entering curve accelerate gently curve resume speed unlike curves hills marked warning signs unusually steep lane highways uphill portion passing zone pass safely sight distance ahead shorter hilltop slow speed check traffic coming hill highway intersections vary greatly busy lane highway intersections controlled traffic signals drivers identify traffic signals distance predict color light arrive light red drivers adjust speed arrive light turns green
cars kinds vehicles highways differ size speed vehicle capability smaller trucks pickup panel trucks perform cars trucks occupy lot road space block view interval prevent collision seconds allow clear sight distance ahead identify potential problems adequately able farther ahead maintaining greater distance drive close driver top left picture able increasing distance driver top picture farther ahead drive nearer left edge lane truck car visible oncoming drivers move center lane meeting oncoming cars large trucks travel fast cars trucks reach highway speed quickly designed carry heavy loads rapid acceleration plan pass truck truck driver shift gears gain speed places crest hill leaving stop sign traffic light stop room meeting large trucks narrow lane highways move slightly lane check position truck lane look ahead drive straight line choose meeting point shoulder offers escape route meeting trucks feel car moved sideways wind gust problem drive small car panel truck car top carrier
maintaining clear view traffic road ahead important applying ipde process anytime view reduced weather conditions darkness chances collision increased rains humidity levels high moisture build inside car windows windows steam view sharply reduced moment windows start steam turn defroster air conditioner open side windows circulate air film builds inside windows smoking dust vapors plastic inside car inside windows clean help heavy amounts snow frost ice windows removed driving satisfied brushing peephole look big picture apply ipde process properly defroster remove large quantities snow frost ice windows completely cleared defroster windows clear bright early morning late afternoon sunlight create glare problems driving sun driver picture left difficulty seeing oncoming truck sun glare glare eyestrain caused sunlight reduced wearing sunglasses sun visor sun realize oncoming drivers glare problem signals notice glare sun rises sets light daytime dark headlights shown picture
rains temperatures falling rapidly ice forms road drivers realize road slippery freezing begin visible change road surface cold air circulates road bridge ice forms bridges picture overpasses temperatures change amount traction ice cold temperatures traction ice warmer temperatures ice freezing point traction poor water forms ice car control lost temperatures warm expect differences traction shaded sunny areas check traction pumping brakes lightly car starts slide slow gradually check low speed traffic ice starts form expect roads icy quickly windows wipers ice windows ice free wipers defroster pull road clear manually car parked driving icy slushy conditions set parking brake freeze park driving ice slush park gear position automatic transmission car reverse manual transmission car strong winds interfere car control especially cross winds driving slick road pass large truck bridge strong cross wind throw control maintain full control slow firm grip steering wheel head tail winds problems head winds require acceleration normal steering difficult
driver defenseless car standing driver picture realizes car coming fast able stop similar situation actions flash brake lights early alert approaching driver car nears release brakes move feet forward driver stopping distance intersection clear accelerate intersection give driver space stop lane clear turn promptly crash unavoidable release brakes collision soften impact brake immediately crash going intersection car properly adjusted head restraint important safety device rear end collisions unusual unexpected roadway emergencies large pothole picture catch driver guard emergencies objects roadway poorly marked curves driving deep water cardboard packing box street dangerous pile leaves raked yard avoid able identify contents box rake object leaf pile empty boxes leaf piles attract small children places play object road creates hazard approaching driver driver check traffic decide pass brake swerve straddle drive object choose straddle car clear object swerving left center line wise
oil removes engine heat additional cooling needed engines additional fluid circulated engine engines radiator holds cools coolant connected engine large hoses water pump forces coolant parts engine coolant circulates radiator air fan draws radiator cools fluid temperature falls operating level thermostat shuts flow coolant heats coolant flows cools engine radiator fluid level checked month starting engine temperature gauge warns overheating need add fluid remove cap hot boiling radiator hot fluid steam spurt burn additional coolant add slowly engine running radiator cooled add coolant recovery tank drive boiling radiator cold weather puts strain cooling system winter belts water pump checked radiator flushed cleaned look leaks radiator heater hoses hose connections replacing worn parts trouble develops saves money engine damage occur fluid radiator engine freezes prevent damage check amount antifreeze coolant add needed fuel system fuel tank fuel line fuel pump fuel filter air cleaner carburetor cars fuel injection system carburetor fuel pumped fuel pump tank fuel line filter carburetor sits top engine fuel injection system
simple advance preparations driving local trips easier arriving safely important results planning saving fuel important result energy crisis caused rethink necessity trip ask question taking trip trip taking short drives single purpose wastes fuel cold engines deliver poor gas mileage engines reach ideal operating temperature short trips combine number errands longer trip taking short inefficient trips carpooling save fuel person drive decided trip allow extra delays occur assume delayed traffic base travel weather traffic reports drivers ignore weather reports faced choice late driving fast adverse conditions traffic reports help anticipate traffic jams route added extra weather traffic jams ready leave turn safe driver potentially dangerous driver quickly late hurry traffic jams fuel wasters expose vehicles greater threat collision avoid traveling large cities morning evening rush hours driving morning evening rush hours large cities double travel running windshield washer fluid driving low pressure tire turnsignal light fail sound big problems minor problem occurs complex driving situation trouble develop
larger vehicles width height look signs warn reduced width height avoid heavy oncoming traffic narrow lane roads getting driving wider vehicle motels service stations parks rental truck camper drivers hit overhead obstacles wires tree limbs picture overhead obstacle appears drive cars unaware overhead clearance hitting overhead obstacles common kinds accidents drivers rental trucks recreational vehicles fact truck rental insurance policies cover type damage bridges overhanging obstructions signs clearance heights large vehicles affected cross winds cars drive strong cross winds slow stop prepared strong burst wind driving area protected hills trees viaducts larger vehicles harder handle rougher ride noisier tire rapidly plan stop rest driving larger vehicle trailer collisions happen driver error improper loading excessive speed fatigue towing trailers safe important precautions engine oil transmission oil checked pulling trailer air pressure rear tires increased pounds exceed pressure limit stamped tires lights operate car trailer owner manual provide information needed prepare vehicle safe towing hitch properly installed safety chains needed tow trailer safety chains safety device trailer breaking loose case trailer hitch breaks
mature increasingly involved trying discover image awareness learn literature brings lives fears dreams wide variety hundreds situations relationships read play experience comforting worried rejoiced things relate closely story poem play characters story play speaker poem problems decisions agree disagree saying process ask thing begin clarify sense values priorities performer experience mirrored literature expressed part special audience listens responds changed performance writing specifically performers reached pre modern height england elizabethan restoration periods beginning plays poetry shakespeare marlowe ben jonson extremely popular plays included poems soliloquies delivered directly audience actor playing hamlet face audience delivering actor deliberately walk front stage closer audience soliloquy
touched aspects handling voice chapter voice body fold instruments communicate actor interpreter serve material performed control complete need think performance energy concentration centered selection communicating audience communicating voices cry born guarantee full capacities develop bad vocal habits need check occasionally actually solidify habits rid desirable chapter offer suggestions improving voice communication ability process achieved overnight audience understand words saying stop translate slurred incorrect sounds figure word saying soon lose completely audience simply bother give attention pronunciation articulation pronunciation refers standard proper arrangement sounds word proper positioning stress difference deter detour dictionary safest guide matter correct pronunciation pronunciations acceptable listed common correct
largest sense literature defined writing limits literature restricted think humorous stories adventure stories skillfully written sports stories ghost stories character sketches nonsense verse poetry drama literature writers wide reading help establish standards judge author success failure give consideration dislike don begin liking move knowing test literature deals universal interests experiences things think remembered incidents childhood love death immortality faraway places war nature problems pleasures ordinary living ways write thing literature expressed fresh individual think things read subject stand say heard individuality addition universal appeal individuality literature stirs imagination makes thinking subject closed book tell leads associations printed page literature facts encyclopedias scientific formulas facts literature goes facts author evaluation expansion facts difference
numerous definitions dramatic purposes regard literature dramatic presents character characters situation narrator intervening action audience plot revealed dialogue action listeners learn actions speech characters monologues soliloquies plays prose poetry considered dramatic literature dramatic monologues soliloquies hear character monologue comes mono meaning single greek verb legein meaning speak monologue single speaker addresses characters speak soliloquy comes latin words solus meaning verb loqui meaning speak soliloquy characters present chapter devote attention specifically plays play written presented stage visual aids scenery costumes makeup lighting give full cast characters presents special technical problems single interpreter plays constructed acts scenes acts important plot play developed analysis narratives locate key situations climaxes drama find key speeches key scenes key actions function signposts road plot action development key plot development key character key actions handled narration audience directly narration organized ways play move steady chronological order flashback scenes quiet scenes previous episode recalled combination
poetry differs prose general ways difference importance sound pattern poetry sounds important prose basic integral part poetry sound pattern poem elements structure difference high degree condensation characteristic poetry prose writer entire tell story beauharnois glengarry page nikki rosa page achieve condensation poet makes word count denotation connotation takes advantage added suggestion sound words carry degree appeal emotions author creates poetry prose primarily interested sharing emotional impact experience mean poetry deals ideas prose emotional impact means poet sound pattern connotative elements poem idea emotional experience wishes share poetry interest interpreter extreme condensation requires close analysis careful control emphasis pitch rate pause emotional impact served interpreter knowledge mind body share experience audience sound pattern effective heard interpreter voice essential poem musical instrument musical score words printed page carry meaning read aloud silently poetry depends full meaning blending sound sense
traditional poetry line length measured number feet foot line called dimeter foot line trimeter foot line tetrameter foot line pentameter glance numbers scansion tells end perfectly regular pentameter lines fourteen lines clearly sonnet means macleish adhered strictly classic form written modern poem achievement consistency line length strong factor unity sound pattern modern poet end lines wishes look rest poems book notice wide variety line lengths cue poet kind pause end line poetry word caution rule face kinds lengths pauses poets punctuation kind pause interrupt flow thought perfect guide poets nearly trouble commas unit thought complete line complete end sentence terminal end thought pause reach end thought end sentence complete thought words macleish distinct pause terminal dash colon ends seventh eighth lines commas line ends stanza
audience watches performance pay attention infinite number things activities stage technical surroundings audience select interesting thing focus attention performers order play find sure audience pays attention important thing moment stage focus actions concentration number ways focus scene determined director technical design production movement designed set stage groups focus stage picture person part scene director resources scenery costume lighting characters vivid general rule helps remember audience interested actors interested stage looks doorway waiting arrive audience watch doorway look actor audience look actor audience looks looking blank space look blank space thing learn remember focusing performance center attention scene direct attention thing look center
text lines directions playwright understand text specific understanding words text playwright chosen words care exact meaning pronunciation words character think meaning pronunciation word check dictionary sure knowing definitions individual words need understand words groups sentences speeches order express sounds rhythms ideas review section word meanings unit ii begin working scenes follow chapter test understand line paraphrase say words ask character didn words mean thing cases answer don mean thing mean thing difference statement paraphrase need concentrate sure completely understand text subtext part performance playwright left reader performer interpretation implied text context actually stated scene blue denim page characters mean say mean actually express words character vocabulary sophistication say means
play kind performance happens matter brilliant cast matter simple material show planned rehearsed exact schedule production depending needs individual casts scripts schedules follow general pattern word rehearsal comes word means harrow harrow farms plowed land break clods plow turned aerate soil uproot weeds plow missed planting push soil seeds metaphor happens play rehearsal play number times broken smaller smaller parts let light air details find eliminate ineffective ideas put grow full interesting unified production takes russian director stanislavski rehearsals single show groups don american professionals spend weeks school groups spend weeks musicals complicated shows approximately thirds spent taking play putting depending director play cast role rehearsal announced acquainted play schedule remaining rehearsals directors read script rehearsal knows happens story
basic techniques show unique problems teacher able show details recommend books help especially interested makeup problems arise general hints suggested brushes sure hold perpendicular face easiest lines clear sharp need darken define eyebrows eyebrow pencils lightly series short light strokes easier add subtract makeup number ways lighten hair liquids sprays kinds matter important remember color hair layer large auditorium makeup stronger effective farther mean needs broader cope larger houses difference tones stronger shadow color shades darker base need shades darker arena small room blend carefully need difference tones small stage difference shades practice constantly check makeup lights recent number materials dimensional alterations face
solid look set provided paint flats platforms need painted repainted show paint method walls floors look raw wood marble scene painters mixed paints groups making glue size mixing dry color pigments paint washable latex acrylic paints developed colors groups switched paints scenery props flats priming coat needed smooth coat basic color white stretches covering tight dries seals pores material colored paints soak flats base build colors pieces color imaginary material finished apply base coat surface supposed look smooth color texturing middle color smooth surfaces look shiny distance painted brushstrokes going direction smooth surfaces look flat dull cross hatched apply paint overlapping strokes textures faked painting techniques makeup dimensional surface suggested flat scenery mixing highlights shadows color remember color shades shadow highlight color
method analysis techniques single reader interpret dramatic literature characters chapter review suggestions technique readers theater separate interpreter part reading lines character actor presents character staged play regard readers theater closely parallels conventional theater production interpreter actor skill project complete character audience difference lies interpreters suggestion readers theater cast director guided demands selection directors place readers stage groups suggesting psychological relationship characters reading stands reading stands high obscure view front row interpreters readers theater production hold scripts put reading stands directors prefer casts scripts group experienced safer helps audience establish scene characters minds reminds sharing going literature chosen respond consciousness feel scene highly emotional feel eavesdropping actually standing cast brings scripts stage play audience area placing scene minds audience individual interpreters drama
countries farthest italy commedia dell arte influence england spain rediscoveries ancient literature produced results traveling troupes performers england spain sixteenth century end century madrid london large support actors stayed city london permanent theater built theater course playgoers happy acting troupes provide variety plays chance england spain produced major playwrights provided plays plays lope de vega wrote actors madrid survive wrote tragedies histories popular types plays called cape sword plays plots differing centered theme highly developed spanish sense honor popular plays today fuente ovejuna calderon de la wrote hundred plays types including number lyrical religious plays important spanish playwrights period tirso de molina wrote don juan play miguel de cervantes wrote don quixote england playwrights overshadowed william shakespeare thirty plays written twenty acting managing theater london tragedies include hamlet macbeth romeo juliet comedies include midsummer night dream taming shrew history plays include richard iii plays henry iv friend falstaff
style acting appeared generally called realistic encouraged literary theories number inventions actors facial expressions nearly important bodily movement subtlety movement gesture lost audience turn century theaters electric lights actors modify exaggerated gestures express emotion facial expression flamboyant action invention greasepaint ludwig leichner actors give realistic performances makeup heavy powder lead base melted performance solidified produce masklike appearance greasepaint reliable allowed subtle realistic makeups development box set realistic settings flats arranged form walls ceiling replaced borders doors windows furniture merely painted flat box set actual doors windows built flats real furniture common invention motion picture camera oppotunities spectacle variety physical humor expanded audiences filled melodrama theaters shifted movie theaters sound films successfully established live theater began cater select wealthier educated audience support development realistic writing novels social criticism plays explored lives ordinary problems ordinary melodramatic heroes wealthy titled began middle nineteenth century
united states decades influences combined produce extremely varied theatrical environment plays draw big audiences needed fill broadway theaters moved small theaters converted buildings country theaters thrust stage arena stage utilized actors began learn spaces smaller theaters playwrights tried themes styles found audiences minority playwrights found theaters perform works attracted audiences part regular theater audience plays black playwrights raisin sun lorraine hansberry place charles godone expressed minority experience vivid realistic terms groups soon began contribute american stage recent theaters concentrated works women writers experiences women modern america groups improvisational plays rediscovering values intensely realistic plays performances musicals continue popular theaters produce classics periods growing approving audiences actor wishes professionally america today aware able enormous number situations longer type play performance performers play theaters audience capacity ranging learn adjust movie television cameras show performers required sing dance mime improvisation natural realistic fourth speak shakespearean verse clarity ease
north american continent divided major physical regions map page shows boundaries regions areas shares common landforms mountain ranges plains landforms created variety natural forces glaciers huge masses ice gouged large area central north america landscape region similar elements vary greatly climate soils plants animals differ place place region atlantic coastal plain begins broad band low flat land gulf mexico narrows reaches northward atlantic coast york city plain pinched appalachian uplands atlantic coastal plain actually reaches shores continent ocean called continental shelf edges shelf called banks banks unusually high numbers fish commercial fishers huge catches fish banks hundreds continental shelf rises inches centimeters century uplift helped deposit soil rivers empty ocean process carried thousands explains entire atlantic coastal plain developed explains areas coast sandy soils uplift continental shelf accounts features atlantic gulf coasts swamps thin barrier islands shore coasts land low flat florida highest point feet meters sea level
northwest tradition moved southward drier areas basin southwest northern mexico hunting mountain sheep antelope deer fished lack fish game drier areas forced change eating habits style known desert tradition desert gatherers types wild seeds fact common artifacts group baskets gather seeds milling stones grind gradually food gathering important hunting important plants supplied percent food eaten desert ago groups mexico central america began raise plants continued wild plants addition planted group started planting peppers pumpkins group raised gourds containers later began planting types beans squashes corn important plant cultivated planted grown harvested appeared intentional growing special plants called agriculture brought beginnings agriculture slowly notice lifetime thousands garden crops important wild plants meantime hunting trapping fishing remained important food getting methods agriculture spread mexico central america neighbors south peru north mexico arizona colorado utah california learned plant crops
hundreds europeans found america group europeans discovered settled europeans norse vikings vikings adventurous sea faring lived present countries denmark sweden norway home bases vikings conducted hundreds raids europe mediterranean sea sturdy ships stopped plundered conquering land times began settlements areas conquered hundreds settlements europe including present western russia discovered settled iceland greenland islands northwest europe vikings form centuries stories originally told vikings stories known sagas describe sea adventures explorations norse heroes sagas deal fiction recent scientific findings suggest lot truth sagas eric red eric red norse adventurer led north atlantic ocean sailed west iceland search island heard stories days land view coast island green inviting soon learned rest island covered glacier pleasant place start settlement despite gloomy appearance land called greenland sure settlers attracted island give pleasant
english colony received charter government officials insisted including section relating law paragraph stated colonial laws agree english laws colonial courts follow procedures english courts charters legal documents officially created colonies defined boundaries listed powers gave colonial governments authority earliest charters creating virginia company massachusetts bay colony organized colonies joint stock companies treated commercial ventures voters owned stock company colonies maryland pennsylvania york proprietary colonies charters custom middle ages granting land noble noble gave sold rented land settlers proprietors appointed colonial governors need election type charter happened accident remember pilgrims finding boundaries virginia legal charter establish settlement compact establish government famous mayflower compact form separatists established church congregations england type government signers compact members congregation voters plymouth later received official charter council england joint stock company owned land later plymouth part massachusetts bay colony turn royal colony royal colonies fourth type colony colonial governments type charter direct control king king appointed governor
french indian war left england debts pay expenses decided tax goods imported colonies customs duties greatly angered americans stamp act started real trouble stamp act forced colonists buy stamps put printed materials bills legal papers newspapers leases magazines groups reacted violently tax merchants boycotted refused buy sell british goods businesses closed trade stopped violent mobs roamed streets major cities attacked stamp sellers burned stamps destroyed homes british officials soldiers october delegates colonies met york england tax colonies declared stamp act repealed parliament realized enforced united opposition news reached america colonists celebrated speeches loyalty king george unity restored england learn lesson stamp act experience soon imposed customs taxes violence erupted britain soldiers boston protect customs officials help collect duties action angered colonists clashes began occur soldiers mobs angry colonists clashes frequent march group americans gathered began shouting throwing stones snowballs soldiers crowd aggressive soldiers fired crowd killed americans injured events known boston massacre british officials began realize job collecting taxes america costing worth
travel uncertain delegates convention arrived philadelphia date set begin members virginia delegation began meeting tavern discuss ideas delegates arrived joined informal meetings put plan finally weeks late convention began choice delegates president convention george washington hero revolution commanding personality mere presence gave convention sense orderliness delegates wanted able speak freely voted meetings secret minutes records discussions printed convention called revise articles confederation delegates virginia idea proposed convention write totally document delegates voted point meeting constitutional convention governor randolph presented virginia plan convention transfer power states central government representation congress based nation population states liked plan proposed randolph delegates small states felt favored large states members small states met plan william paterson jersey presented plan days later alexander hamilton york suggested plan members convention considered plans members discussed things informally small groups plans things common delegates feared happen person group power
relations slaves slaveholders small plantations number involved tried provide decent living working conditions slaves developed close personal relationships planters compassion treated slaves slaves united states involved growing harvesting cotton healthy adult slave working dawn dark strong mules cultivate acres cotton ten acres yielded pounds cotton cotton packed exported england sold cents pound half amount needed pay transportation costs brokerage fees charges agents sold cotton interest money borrowed operate cotton plantation half money owner plantation book published solomon northrup cotton plantation louisiana free person washington kidnaped sold slavery hands required cotton field soon light morning exception ten fifteen minutes noon swallow allowance cold bacon permitted moment idle dark dare stop dinner return quarters late order driver matter fatigued weary slave approaches gin house basket cotton fear
congress passed law creating bank united states operate bank acted depository holder money united states government enjoyed favored position business banks chartered individual states resented power bank united states branches country maryland legislature passed tax banks chartered maryland effect stamp tax bank united states james mcculloch cashier baltimore branch bank united states refused pay fees maryland filed lawsuit mcculloch federal government claimed maryland law unconstitutional limited power national government create bank maryland claimed constitution gave federal government power establish banks facts case look article section united states constitution page questions considered congress power establish federal bank power tax agency national government supreme court justice hearing case decide supreme court declared maryland law unconstitutional presenting court decision chief justice john marshall stated constitution forbid national government establishing bank constitution say congress establish bank implied called elastic clause clause constitution gave congress power laws proper carrying powers
dred scott slave master army surgeon free wisconsin territory owner died scott sold owner york sued owner citizen case reviewed supreme court constitution supreme court authority consider case citizen sues citizen chief justice taney delivered supreme court opinion scott sue citizen taney missouri compromise illegal deprived slaveholders property according court slaves considered property slavery banned part country john brown abolitionist leader fought bloody battles kansas idea freeing slaves planned seize weapons united states arsenal harpers ferry virginia west virginia give slaves area hoped touch slave uprising spread south support abolitionist leaders frederick douglass tried discourage douglass raid wouldn succeed feared lives slaves area john brown eighteen including blacks captured arsenal army quickly surrounded building trapped inside slaves joined revolt brown told attack coming killed trying escape brown captured john brown tried convicted treason december hanged
haymarket riot gompers founded american federation labor afl word federation implies afl joining separate unions represented craft independence unions represented skilled workers paid workers knights labor included skilled unskilled workers afl collective bargaining employers meant workers bargained group arranging terms employment final agreement union company called contract union officials acted workers representatives collective bargaining reach agreement employer union call strike collective bargaining didn wide early meantime american workers employers violent battles bargaining unions business leaders decided ways workers accept terms method lockout lockout company actually locked workers doors method bring strikebreakers agreed jobs workers strike employers claimed workers breaking law called strike sherman antitrust act stated combination restraint trade law law passed put end business monopolies business leaders argued courts strike restraint trade convinced judges issue court orders stop strikes workers strike anyway employers asked national governments send troops enforce court order
found leaders group reformers called progressives believed progress changing cities progressives lot suggestions changing city government wanted honest public officials called economy government wanted government funds spent wisely taxes low reformers wanted cities efficient hoped introducing forms government progressives suggested office mayor strengthened felt cities run expert city affairs hired council known city manager type city government rejected strong mayor city manager ideas favor commission type government commissioners elected responsible supervising city services fire police protection parks water sewers voters cities elected mayor appointed department heads city services cities tried suggestions reformers soon found issues attracted votes popular called end bribes waste order reduce gas rates water bills streetcar fares rallying ordinary voters cries throw rascals building political machines reformers won elections american cities tom johnson reform mayor cleveland ohio rallied ordinary clevelanders reform appealed voters practical realistic thinker knew things
reason wars plains united states government inability enforce treaties signed government signed treaties gave tracts land indians prospectors treaties invaded land government stop confusion resulted misunderstandings led fear distrust sides settlers understand indians indians understand settlers government violence result united states army battle group plains indians side surprise attacks peaceful encampments happened united states army led colonel george armstrong custer attacked cheyenne camp banks washita creek oklahoma biggest conflicts plains occurred sioux war started thousands prospectors headed black hills seek gold prospectors invaded land sioux american government indians angered trying claim land determined drive prospectors response indian attacks prospectors general george crook led united states army forces southeastern montana heart indian country smaller force led colonel custer goal put indians military planners chiefs sitting bull crazy horse gall battle big horn river famous battle war custer hoped victory popular president united states
struggle civil rights rights citizens entitled picked steam black girl topeka kansas talked united states linda carol brown wanted public school home black school farther court struggle naacp finally able bring case united states supreme court justices agreed segregated schools unconstitutional supreme court decisions apply entire country segregated schools nation unconstitutional states cities quickly changed laws schools end segregation defied supreme court ruling continued prevent blacks entering white schools president eisenhower federal troops stop disturbances rock arkansas schools desegregated school desegregation decision black woman helped change american history southern cities northern montgomery alabama law blacks sit rows buses rosa parks boarded city bus sat closest seat bus filled white standing bus driver told rosa parks give seat white person refused arrested evening black leaders met decide protest young minister moved montgomery atlanta martin luther king jr soon leader group king called black boycott montgomery bus system
nixon kissinger wanted reduce tensions united states soviet union lower chances nuclear war superpowers sixty nations signed treaty limited number nuclear weapons country nixon visited moscow leonid brezhnev soviet leader reached agreements space exploration cooperation science health arms control nixon kissinger achieved goals relationship soviet union called detente meaning relaxation tension nations united states communist china enemies president nixon harshest critics chinese communists leader mao tung kissinger believed united states try open contacts china knew soviet union china feared united states stronger position relations china normalized nixon peking china agreements signed setting diplomatic relations opening avenues trade china united states biggest controversy talks china question taiwan island coast china home chinese nationalist government driven mainland china communists trying relations chinas major problem united states foreign policy relations mainland china improved china welcomed american tourists expanded trade american businesses soviet union considers china enemy united states chinese relationship soviets uneasy kissinger nixon wanted united states relationship soviet union china countries guard
centuries russian leaders tried gain control warm water port middle east believe soviet union hopes iranian revolution began late fail iran fall soviets move gain warm water port control oil supplies american government officials conducted talks leaders britain france allies problem american nato bases set indian ocean middle east dangerous moslems region look united states evil nation wants control precious resources parts middle east tricky united states committed supporting israel wants remain friendly arab states especially egypt saudi arabia jordan tried help united states times soviet policy things stirred supporting groups palestine liberation organization plo plo palestinians forced leave land israel created plo soviet help sought destroy israel mexican american relations area concern topic discussion neighboring countries mexico oil fields experts believe oil saudi arabia mexico wealth build industries mexican oil fields nation powerful position community
politics term meanings reason relationship politics government hard describe basic sense politics art science governing sense politics governing mean thing politics defined art persuading follow course action adopt beliefs seen candidate persuade vote party seen politics politics mean personal influence order manipulate term carries idea corruption slyness ruthlessness matter definition politics politics related government fact government exist politics politics involves give discussing bargaining decide issues informal historical evidence cavepeople held political rallies marched parades support candidates known society politics parts look politicians politics govern society ideas government politics form result kinds experiences process form ideas opinions government political socialization born political knowledge opinions experiences family school community affected thought thought living groups family regularly talked politics growing knowledge opinions politics grew family politics discussed
americans proposed declaration independence england urged plan confederation prepared transmitted respective colonies consideration committee appointed continental congress submit plan government john dickinson london trained lawyer chosen lead group dickinson admired english form government political power concentrated strong central government government kind called unitary system government system nation central government share power governments local governments counties cities towns divisions central government americans distrusted government suspicious centralized control afraid government england believed safeguard freedom strong governments level lookout smacked royalty strong governors independent judges royalty result constitutions provided governors short terms office gave governor veto power constitutions provided legislature overturn judicial decisions disagreed despite disagreement leaders recognized need convenient management general interests united states satisfy critics strong central government dickinson committee suggested plan known articles confederation confederation association independent states bound purpose athletic conference school maintains separate identity curriculum administration joins purpose athletic competition
writers believed dividing power possibility officials powers pool authority act prevent branch government powerful writers built system checks balances childhood illustrates checks balances seesaw seen checks balances operation persons weight seesaw moves person heavier person controls seesaw moving person checking stopping seesaw movement person climbs seesaw shift weight united states government branches government considered equal powers balance weight balance seesaw branch powers check branches constitution president power treaties senate check president action refusing ratify treaty senate approval treaty effect system branch equal weight decision making process congress laws president veto approve laws supreme court decide laws constitutional diagram page lists ways branch checks writers constitution careful arrange matters majority win control part government house representatives elected
closely related freedom speech freedom press press includes newspapers magazines books television radio movies forms communication media tradition freedom press established early american history court forced rule freedom press extends limits freedom case york times sullivan won media unlimited comment public figures fear libel prosecutions supreme court critics public officials allowed freedom uninhibited robust wide open debate issues public importance government power suppress news stories potentially harmful national security question considered supreme court united states york times washington post june york times published articles pentagon papers top secret government papers press government employee traced united states involvement vietnam implied presidents truman eisenhower kennedy johnson misled lied american president richard nixon sought court order stop publication government claimed publication papers caused irreparable injury national defense times post newspapers claimed government censorship violation amendment supreme court ruled government proved publication pentagon papers clear present danger national security publication papers damaging american prestige embarrassing government officials constitutionally protected freedom press print truth violated
nation expects ignorant free wrote thomas jefferson friend expects things changed united states jefferson wrote words need knowledge information order intelligent political choices changed americans today depend communications mass media newspapers magazines wire services radio television provide information events nation information form opinions government reason media important million americans purchase newspaper nation excellent newspapers cities daily papers publish national international news press ap united press international upi wire services larger cities newspapers york times washington post st louis post dispatch los times chicago tribune correspondents news breaking united states foreign capitals critics concerned number newspapers published daily declining dailies united states part decline attributed papers going business part result larger papers buying smaller papers ceasing publish means americans getting news fewer sources truth distorted depending events reported disappearance papers means remaining papers tremendous burden bear carefully objectively reporting news americans subscribe weekly news magazines
party competition customary american politics important parties minor parties emerged counting local parties strength single number parties united states history runs hundreds important nationally recent political action committees pacs important parties seldom poll percent vote ignore parties important ways serve voices dissent champions reform critics major parties simply parties protest minor parties strong defined programs bold stands issues avoided major parties trying things important reforms introduced parties advance acceptance major parties ideas introduced parties succeed attracting substantial support incorporated major party platform historian william hesseltine explained role parties parties acted safety valves discontented soreheads politically oppressed expend energies vent spleen management public affairs large party vote frustration anger major parties reflect failure major parties deal distress worries segments voting public million votes cast socialist norman thomas million votes cast john anderson american unity campaign votes interpreted measure discontent major parties
congress started disadvantage george washington elected president widely respected citizen nation focal point government later presidents generally washington believed strong president sought office wanted lead recent presidents franklin roosevelt harry truman lyndon johnson richard nixon skillfully enlarged powers presidency writer calls congress broken branch loss congressional power influence especially pronounced areas lawmaking spending public money conduct foreign affairs congress losing power concerns lawmaking historically federal laws originated congress drafted introduced passed members house senate longer true especially role congress changed initiator responder roughly percent major laws passed start white house media commonly speak president program congress initiating innovating part reason shift members congress house representatives spend constituents writer sanford ungar summarized plight congress house today shadow house chaotic conscious place pretend statesmen actually spend running errands services making small adjustments decisions rendered member demeaning jobs generally determines permitted stay pretend
presidency vice presidency elective offices reserved natural born citizens united states writers constitution apparently felt person born attachment country meeting requirements hard youngest president theodore roosevelt president assassination president mckinley john kennedy youngest elected office requirement residency significant minor issue presidential campaign republican candidate herbert hoover spent prior election overseas originally constitution put limit number terms person serve president george washington started precedent serving terms presidents custom franklin roosevelt elected terms congress passed states ratified amendment limits president full terms vice president president serve term run terms president longest period president ten constitution says president paid congress decides president receives salary expense account president provided home white house staff provided maintain building grounds president camp david resort maryland catoctin mountains relaxation protection president family provided secret service presidents receive salary hire staff help things correspondence speeches
franklin roosevelt influence presidency tremendous press conference executive office president reorganize administration powers protect industrial financial peace parts roosevelt legacy modern presidency war ii roosevelt pushed united states position leadership held broke washington term tradition president win terms office course presidents roosevelt left marks presidency built precedents set predecessors difficult judge impact passed released powers developed office background surprising believe president powerful believe control president power strengthen congress senator sam ervin north carolina proposed plan give legislative branch checks president wanted congress authority veto executive agreements sixty days political scientist james sundquist suggested problem power power person amend constitution provide votes confidence congress dissatisfied president number reasons vote confidence president received majority support confidence vote approved president forced step run re election device parliamentary systems control power executive effect voters decide
joke government paperwork humorist art buchwald trying secret paper shortage washington strike western paper workers expected workers east coast caused paper deficit washington reason government keeping secret fears word panic set departments agencies start hoarding paper resort dirty tricks ensure memo flow turned department remain anonymous wind shortage held meetings crisis meeting decided alert employees situation memo agency workers deputy director wrote brought attention expect paper shortage months affect productivity morale agency asking conserve sheet paper involves dire actions sides paper requesting employees submit writing agency conserve paper suggestions triplicate copy supervisors case action supervisors requested submit weekly reports administrative supply office employees directive memorandum increased decreased present supplies employee send suggestion supervisor put writing personnel director failed
workers department simply hired carry policy decisions president circle actually involved development american foreign policy department divided topic region bureaucrats develop policy subject area military political economic develop policy region africa east asia pacific europe americas east south asia bureaucrats studied customs resources governments countries places likely react policies individuals play main role carrying foreign policy decisions known collectively foreign service diplomatic corps diplomacy defined art practice conducting negotiations governments members foreign service practice diplomacy levels chief diplomat united states country ambassador ambassador staff legation nation embassy ambassador official office foreign country protected international law ambassadors difficult job serving links united states government government countries appointed ambassador prime duty diplomat carry orders issued washington diplomats gather information countries serve help department bureaucracy formulate effective policies ambassadors sense eyes ears noses government aware happening countries serve reports recommendations based observations
discussion economy smoothly flowing circles real money goods services flow evenly smoothly kinds dislocations money pile segment economy goods accumulate major oil producing nations decided raise minimum prices charged oil americans deal oil heating fuel deal money flowed country pay imported oil money country pay increased exports nations money flowed flowed americans spending imported fuel money buy goods home goods accumulated producers warehouses producers able sell goods making decided produce need workers producers laid workers workers longer jobs stopped buying goods began taking money bank savings pay living costs money flowed banks banks invest workers losing jobs result decreasing purchases goods services economists graphs show kinds economy kind graph shows economic activity cycle highs lows historians call modern business cycle graph page shows modern business cycle part graph shows stages cycle recession panic depression recovery prosperity
hundreds precincts nationwide large city precinct small square block hundreds voters competitive party areas parties maintain highly structured precinct organizations precinct captains appointed elected party workers official power government precinct captains try maintain high visibility relationship precinct captains generally familiar community regularly attend weddings funerals bar mitzvahs confirmations informal contacts party members government able cut red tape precinct residents frequently precinct captain considered friend offer advice help getting job help getting government benefits precinct workers gritty politics getting voters registered distributing campaign literature making sure voters turn election successful precinct captain served precinct rewarded large vote party jacob arvey founder strong democratic organization cook county chicago illinois reminded workers don win elections election win round precinct captains paid hold government jobs city county departments run members party job depends success party vote precinct lose job arvey slogan chicago ward mind county mind mind city mind ward
history moving rural areas metropolitan areas census showed important change americans longer moving big cities suburbs sparsely populated small towns metropolitan areas increased population rate nonmetropolitan areas period percentage population growth nonmetropolitan areas greater smsas nation history nonmetropolitan areas growing population faster pace cities suburbs fastest growing nonmetropolitan area ozark ouachita region stretches southern missouri northern western arkansas southeastern oklahoma lakes region michigan wisconsin minnesota rocky mountains idaho montana wyoming colorado mexico southern appalachian coal fields southern west virginia eastern kentucky experienced considerable growth moving small towns rural areas cite reasons economic reasons believe live money rural america cities sick city love country reason mentioned moving small town america coming home returnee noted felt re kid growing figure bright lights realize place home place find hills trees gentle climate fishing tend idealize small town
book noted problems unique segment society city suburban rural problems overlap political boundaries ability local governmental agency solve result governments found advantage cooperate solving problem continue passing buck chapter discussed ways local governments metropolitan areas cooperating rural america seen light georgia leading urging frank hood georgia power company fanning vice president university georgia philip hammer atlanta city planner georgia legislature created kind local government called local planning development districts today georgia counties voluntarily organized eighteen planning development districts let look rural georgia benefited cooperation undeveloped areas georgia mountain county northeastern georgia lived small rural communities making living difficult land steep farming minerals mined lumbering hunting moonshining odd jobs provided counties region formed georgia mountains planning development district district benefited greatly young professional staff includes planners development specialists efforts noticed washington federal government decided area pilot project entire nation million federal money secured district
robert proctor driver young turnpike curved gently ahead lightly travelled cool morning felt relaxed alert hours driving produced twinges fatigue appeared muscles base neck sun bright glaring air smelled fresh clean breathed deeply blew noisily driving glanced quickly slim grey haired woman sitting front seat mouth curved quiet smile watched trees fields slip side pike robert proctor immediately looked road enjoying mom yes robert voice cool morning pleasant sit thinking driving wonder enjoyed enjoy smiled embarrassed sure reached patted gently arm turned scenery listened smooth purr engine ahead saw truck spouting geyser smoke sped turnpike passing blue convertible content drive wake truck robert proctor noted arrangement filed mind slowly overtaking reach minute listened purr engine pleased sound tuned engine objections mechanic
fourteen hundred miles twenty hundred miles readings normal log entries throw flashlight wing strut coating ice thinner evaporating slowly hour don picked ice flight consider evaporation ice collected mail planes stayed till landed wait melted peel wings hands beat wires stick haze continues clear cloud formations farther fly closer walls follow straighter course valleys mushroomed column miles ahead top silhouettes star brightened sky bank southern edge settle cockpit keeping heading stars pilot remember move heavens trust won lead course polaris faint star northern pole brilliant points light motionless sweep arcs rapidly temporary guides lining ahead letting creep side dropping pick night child lie bed minnesota watch stars curve upward courses box corners orion belt sirius piercing brilliance rising treetops climbing slowly roof curl blankets web constellations imaginary scenes celestial magnitude flock geese westward flight god arrow shooting sky
read charles lindbergh account flying atlantic piloting plane modern standards unimpressive today comfort fly oceans hours flights moon distance lindbergh flew york paris slight enjoy reading myths phaethon matter myths native americans norse africans cultural group sun wheel huge chariot greek culture produced myth died centuries ago silly poem swenson wrote young girl pretends horse children adults lively imaginations subject poetry answers questions involve reasons read literature dealing quality universality ability literature especially literature meaningful ages cultures debated literature meaningful deals universalities details favor particulars maintain easily relate specific humans specific events side aristotle greek philosopher lived twenty hundred ago believed poetry deals universalities history deals particulars valuable debate unnecessary literature achieves universality details universal human emotions fear hate love pride jealousy understood read specific humans events lindbergh portrays eternal strength courage face overwhelming challenges
monk glennie playing catch side lawn firehouse scho caught sight seventh graders monk wearing catcher mitt lean easily sidewise leg lifted throwing hand grass lob white ball straight sunlight glennie shield eyes left hand ball fell past snag dart glove burn ball straight monk spank round mitt sit apple plate monk flipped hand negligent flick hanging arm gave glennie fast grounder going kind slow mannered luxurious dance sun faces perfectly blank entranced glennie noticed scho dawdling side street called hello scho crossed stood front edge lawn apple tree watching glove asked glennie scho obviously give easy grounders scho don burn em glennie moved formed triangle passed ball minutes monk tossing easy grounders scho scho throwing glennie glennie burning monk monk began throw glennie let scho grounder finally monk gave scho fast bumpy grounder hopped shoulder brake side street
symbols found everywere daily times recognize cross atop spire church silhouette jumping deer road sign giant hot dog restaurant symbols understand mean religion warning food seldom think symbols art literature symbols frequently point meaning merely create mood valuable tools artist trade james hurst story scarlet ibis ibis important symbol story represent specific courage endurance beauty bird james hurst written ancient egyptians worshiped ibis destroyed crocodiles liturgy took place phoenix chose symbol scarlet ibis beautiful rare member ibis family wanted bird represent doodle doodle physical spirit certainly doodle inside admire bird destined die continues author doodle die local bird sick ibis sick ibis mangrove swamp died doodle society survived symbolism doodle unconsciously identifies scarlet ibis end comes resemble bird dies position bird died front shirt stained blood
woman eye small details dainty effects women love spend curtains doilies chairs arranged rugs small picture large mirror bother place lived anyway interested material objects house bare tell truth comfortable lived mind fed books erasmus darwin gautama buddha pascal spinoza nietzsche st thomas aquinas thought thought thought homely woman bones beautiful heavy hair wore braided crown head courted present age expect happen looked interest noticed andthis course discourage attentions house house narrow dirt road deep country heard sound horse buggy wagon coming didn happen peculiar hours ate hungry mirror dressing table shocked appearance looked aware wisps hair needed pinning eyes clouded absent mindedness sweater button missing worn dress belonged rag bag
human beings developed written forms literature invention printing press stories passed person person word mouth storytellers remember details stories devices aided memorization rhythm meter rhyme consider easier remember words song poem set music remember words short story poetry earliest form literature books began printed simply read words poems poems longer memorized rhyme rhythm rhyme rhythm poetry read prose poetic language highly compressed word counts result casual readers misread poetry poet rhyme rhythm effectively read poetry pay close attention signals poet sound techniques punctuation word choice try reading months page aloud find caught rhythm rhythm gains control poem resulting sing song effect lost control meaning poems lament cocoa page depend rhythm reinforce purpose sounds poem support meaning soft rains page poet speaks peaceful things sounds soft peaceful notice sounds repeated poem contrast lament cocoa sound stanzas harsh suggesting poet attitude subject
body parts parts help things parts sense organs nerves brain find parts picture sense organs information things nerves carry information brain telephone wires carry voices brain information seeing hearing smelling tasting touching eyes sense organs help seeing helps learn things helps learn books helps learn plants animals seeing helps learn ride bicycle things seeing help learn look cartoons seeing help rabbit safe seeing helps safe helps cross streets safely helps run play safely seeing help safe ears sense organs help hear hearing helps learn things helps learn teacher helps sound coming hearing helps enjoy music helps friends hearing helps safe hear bell railroad crossing hear train hear shout train coming hearing help safe nose sense organ helps smell smelling helps enjoy things flowers smell foods smell smelling helps safe smelled smoke
feelings hear taste touch feelings ways respond things events feelings don realize look picture feelings watch softball game feels angry feel pleased feel excited feels sad anger pleasure excitement sadness feelings feelings feelings strong angry feelings strong sad picture left girl starting school feels afraid picture boy strong feeling feeling think guess love love strong feeling feel love family members friends feel love pets love feelings love feel pleased love feel happy feelings read feelings feelings times feelings part person feelings help interesting show feelings knowing person give clues hints feels tell feels looking clues clue person feels tone voice
feelings affect ways feelings body things happened mrs grade class today wendy forgot lunch money found heart started beating fast tyson overslept school late headache henry relay team won close race runner henry throat felt dry breathing fast mindy derek gave music show front class show mindy hands cold damp derek voice shaky butterflies stomachs classmates told mindy derek liked show mindy derek red faces faces felt warm children mrs class strong feelings body changed feelings feelings think children feelings affect bodies body change excited nervous change afraid normal body caused feelings short yesterday roy test friend maria recess roy didn want talk leave maria hurried think roy felt test feelings affect acted maria maria feel wanda school read feelings affected acted family wanda teacher told
strong feelings times happy strong feeling sad strong feeling love strongest feeling strong feelings unpleasant feelings hurt anger hate feelings need learn strong unpleasant feelings especially hurtful luis claudio lost softball game today boy played felt sad angry luis angry threw ball didn feel fact worried losing ball claudio home told older sister game older sister plays highschool softball team help practice park played ball claudio felt boy helpful strong feelings boy feeling sad angry quickly strong feelings normal want strong feelings love happiness want rid strong feelings unpleasant things rid unwanted feelings esther angry parents told wait bicycle money esther ran played jump rope didn feel mad thought understood bicycle active rid strong unpleasant feelings mind feelings lets rest thinking feel
skin hair nails big part person looks care bodies clean skin hair nails clean trimmed care parts important jobs picture piece skin looks skin main parts outer part called epidermis epidermis thicker areas body thickest palms hands soles feet think epidermis layers cells layer cells age youngest newest cells bottom oldest cells top skin cells washed brushed surface skin cells replaced cells forming bottom layer epidermis cells push replace skin cells part skin called dermis dermis nerves tissues skin things covers protects body keeps dirt harmful germs body skin helps control body temperature ways blood vessels skin blood vessel small tube carries blood body warm blood vessels skin larger lets blood flow blood carries heat blood flows vessels extra heat carried skin extra heat escapes skin air
skin hair nails grow hair nails grow inside hair grows body palms hands soles feet hairs grow small pits skin hair cells form bottom pit older cells pushed hair grows longer base hair oil gland oil glands give oily material material moves surface skin helps skin body soft moist hair adds special person looks look kinds hair hair curly wavy straight thick thin blond brown black red skin special coloring material colors hair hair color person grows older older white gray hair young hair color change change occurs coloring material leave hair person grows older person white hair coloring material left hair person gray hair coloring material left hairs hairs nails hard tissue grow base bottom nails protect tips fingers toes fingernails help pick small objects try picking straight pin fingernails easy taking care skin hair nails helps healthy helps look
body grows place thing mouth jaws change size teeth smaller longer fit teeth smaller called primary teeth baby teeth primary means age primary teeth begin loosen larger teeth waiting underneath teeth called permanent teeth permanent means lasting thirty permanent teeth takes permanent teeth grow care permanent teeth primary teeth mouth care primary teeth hold places permanent teeth lost teeth reason teeth important teeth help talk teeth hard say words mississippi thanks teeth job teeth give shape face tooth main parts root crown root part tooth gum gum firm pink tissue teeth teeth root teeth roots roots teeth mouth crown part tooth crown covered hard white material material called enamel taking care teeth helps healthy healthy teeth jobs need healthy teeth help look
alert cars look ways cross streets check cars turning front extra careful rush hours traffic heavy especially careful rainy snowy dark drivers hard seeing pedestrian times picture dressed help drivers walk pedestrians car drivers bike drivers helped stay safe traffic signs signals signs signals stop sign red sides pedestrians drivers stop sign sign marked rr means railroad tracks ahead stop crossing railroad tracks gates look train coming direction listen sounds train coming tracks street corners traffic signals tell stop traffic signals especially pedestrians flash walk cross traffic stopped flash don walk light cross traffic turn turned green signal says watch cars cross drivers signal especially watch cars turning front drive bikes today fun save gasoline drive bike school park store ways safe bicycle driver important thing remember driving bike driving car follow traffic signs signals watch pedestrians cars bikes
ricardo thought don want stop supper want playing eat anyway answer ricardo question course need eat stay alive need food need air water food helps stay healthy food help happy ways food things need food healthy body food helps stay healthy ways food energy food helps grow food helps body energy power body need energy run jump need energy sit read body needs energy resting sleeping thinking cells change food energy energy body food eat food helps grow grow ways making cells bones grow longer bone cells muscles grow bigger muscle cells ways grow taller heavier food helps grow cells need cells food cells need repair damaged cells food helps body learned systems body organs systems jobs food organs systems need food helps organs nervous system food helps look feel
vegetable fruit group includes foods vegetables fruits picture eaten favorites vegetables fruits materials help body organs dark yellow fruits vegetables peaches carrots help eyes stay healthy fruits vegetables provide energy need servings vegetable fruit group fruits vegetables choose eat rice spaghetti hot cold cereals rolls breads foods belong bread cereal group group includes foods eat foods group grains wheat oats breads cereals provide energy breads cereals materials help body grow foods help organs breads cereals help nerves brain stay healthy need servings bread cereal group servings bread rice cereal servings need group milk group includes milk foods milk milk helps body grow important making strong bones teeth milk energy materials milk help organs need servings milk group foods milk eaten place milk foods shown milk picture foods meat group important growth
ways body machine body muscles bones move parts machine move machine lot begins wear true body fact opposite true muscles wear older exercise muscles fit muscles fit need idea overload overloading muscles helps stronger flexible build strength muscle muscle lift carry push pull overload muscles build strength exercises push ups sit ups exercises easy need overload muscles exercises strengthen push ups sit ups harder kind exercise story help understand overload story milo athlete ancient greece story says young milo lifted small calf carried shoulders calf grew milo lift weight lifting heavier weight helped milo stronger milo lift full grown bull today sports overload muscles build strength weight lifters lift goes
charlene cough cough runny nose throat sore charlene doctor cold doctor told charlene father buy medicine doctor told charlene medicine cold cold goes doctor medicine help charlene feel cold charlene cough runny nose sore throat signs sick kinds medicines charlene took help feel body works sickness kinds medicines cure sickness kinds medicines prevent sickness medicines jobs drugs drug substance body mind works drugs medicines number ways charlene took medicine help feel drugs medicine cure charlene cold drugs cold drugs helped charlene feel cold lasted drugs helped treat signs sickness job medicines word sickness disease person disease body working diseases cured drugs strep throat disease person sore throat person feel sick ways stop disease worse person ill strep throat disease cured taking medicine
medicines main ways buying prescription medicine buying counter medicine picture prescription prescription order medicine written medical doctor prescription filled person called pharmacist pharmacist works drugstore prescription tells pharmacist medicine prepare prescription tells person medicine tells medicine medicine person buys prescription called prescription medicine prescription medicine going medical doctor doctor decides medicine needed writes prescription medicine medicines bought prescription medicine called counter medicine aspirin cough syrups examples counter medicines buy medicines drugstores supermarkets things picture counter medicines person buy counter medicine seeing doctor counter medicines carefully drugs counter medicines change body mind works person want talk pharmacist buying medicine seen ads medicines tv magazines counter medicines advertised picture shows ad medicine look valdez working hard supper report tired headache
litter trash thrown cans paper thrown street litter paper towels washroom floor litter examples litter think litter makes place dirty makes place look ugly litter health problem kinds litter broken glass hurt person cut piece broken glass left lying glass bottles allowed beaches swimming areas kinds litter attract rats flies apple cores uneaten food examples kind litter rats flies carry germs sick litter attract stray dogs cats wild animals raccoons animals bite sick bites community care trash garbage litter places trash picked special community workers past trash open dump care trash winds blow trash animals attracted open dumps today trash large furnaces burned sanitary landfill common communities care trash today sanitary landfill deep pit trash thrown pit covered soil wind blow trash animals attracted trash help community care trash throw trash correctly
glen headache noise answer yes scientists found noise harmful health ways noise interfere sleep noise person feel cross tired nervous headaches problems loud continuous noise harm hearing noise problem community picture things noise community communities try control noise passing laws require cars trucks motorcycles mufflers soften sound family help control noise family shops appliances find loud decide buy quiet vacuum cleaner loud aware loud turn radio record player tv low protect hearing help feel comfortable communities problems litter noise parts kind problem problem involves energy energy power includes lighting heating homes running cars making machines kinds today fuels oil coal natural gas energy fuels found ground millions form large amounts fuels faster found energy problem answer yes
community needs workers provide things need help healthy community workers help provide clean water air jobs providing health care learned sick drinking dirty water dirty water comes homes places water coming homes washing flushing toilet clean water lakes streams clean harmful materials chemicals water cleaned treated comes home community water treatment plant community workers check harmful materials dumped lakes streams bodies water today laws dumping materials bodies water community workers help laws passed laws help communities clean water communities special water problems areas water hot dry times communities growing fast water communities ways sure amount water need asked water times times happen community community borrows buys water communities supplies low cars factories pollute air community workers clean air dirty air dirtier community workers test exhaust gases cars sure cars adding harmful materials air
think hear word health think body health body called physical health physical health important part health part social health part includes part health mental health mental health includes feelings ideas includes things chapter learn mental health part mental health knowing person thinking things special alike ways laugh cry person ways looks thinks acts exactly ways special noticeable thing special appearance look class weights shapes ways appearances height hair color eye color ears chins noses shaped differently appearances sing tell jokes putting puzzles talents special abilities talents think children talents young develop talents grow talents talents special interests maybe enjoy collecting rocks maybe enjoy caring pet interests help special talents interests
learned part mental health knowing part liking need things need love attention need feel important need think person feel happy comfortable peter class meeting school meeting told idea start citizen contest class voted yes idea think peter feels liking easy success peter liking harder times harder lost game liking harder poor schoolwork times times learn ways read find ways learning accept helps accepting means realizing things thing strengths including strengths include things things games schoolwork strengths include parts personality strengths kindness trying hard things strengths think accepting means realizing including weaknesses means understanding equally means understanding mistakes accepting means knowing fail fine person accepting means realizing things changed
things decision want need judge decision need deal results decision especially true results unexpected judging decision means considering satisfactory roberto argument friends school morning decided play afternoon recess recess felt lonely satisfied decision future stay angry friends arguing judging decisions helps learn want repeat unsatisfactory want repeat satisfactory decisions future deal results decision jackie deal results decision yesterday tina dared jackie jump big puddle jackie didn want gym shoes wet refused dare tina teasing jackie jumping tina told jackie friends jackie refused dare teasing jackie jackie deal results decision jump things deal results questions decisions results expect jeff saved money thought spending stamps collection thought spending kite jeff questions decided buy special set stamps store jeff found stamps cost fifty cents amount saved
parts eyes colored part eye called iris muscle tissue dark circle iris opening called pupil pupil size let light eye need light order muscles iris control size pupil light passes pupil part called lens lens directs light retina retina lining eyeball retina directs light optic nerve nerve goes part brain part brain lets seeing eyes important things need care ways care eyes think protect eyes injury look sun sunglasses rays sun harm retina avoid straining eyes light reading watching tv rest eyes close look protect eyes harmful things point spray cans face wear eyeglasses need idea eyes checked regularly medical doctor checkup show eye problems
caring body includes caring teeth learning teeth help give care teeth help chew food teeth important things teeth help speak help sounds clearly teeth part appearance help give shape face healthy teeth help give attractive smile called set twenty teeth baby teeth teeth primary teeth primary means teeth teeth set teeth called permanent teeth permanent means lasting someday thirty permanent teeth care teeth noticed teeth shapes rub tongue teeth pointed teeth flat teeth primary permanent teeth shapes jobs front teeth incisors sharp edges cut food cuspids sides mouth tear food pieces cuspid point called cusp bicuspids cuspids cusps bicuspids break crush food smaller pieces molars larger teeth mouth cusps molars job grind food tiny bits teeth parts part tooth called crown crown hard white covering called enamel enamel protects inside parts tooth root part tooth gum
products things health product affect look feel health products include toothpastes toothbrushes soaps shampoos medicines health products stores sell health products kinds product likely buys health products choose kinds products buy choose health products carefully things think think product needed removing plaque teeth dental floss toothbrush difficult dental floss toothbrush health products need products needed product mouthwash breath smell flossing brushing teeth help breath mouthwash health products needed kinds product think kind reading labels help kinds toothpaste ada seal label ada stands american dental association organization dentists united states group experts recommends toothpastes preventing tooth decay choosing toothpaste look ada seal things labels help choose kind product ask doctor nurse dentist expert advice groups ada give kinds advice ada advice toothbrushes
adult help injured school tell teacher principal school nurse home neighborhood parent responsible adult telephone help suppose accident involves adult responsible telephoning help sure number call communities dial number emergency number help need community dial operator tell person call emergency tell happened give address listen follow directions person sure hang person tells suppose person injury able help badly hurt help injury called aid wash small cut soap water clean dry area cover bandage clean cut deep adult help wait help try stop bleeding place clean cloth cut press firmly pressing blood comes cloth don remove put cloth top pressing person sit lean forward pinch nostrils shut ten minutes person bleeding continues adult help tell adult burns give treatment mild burns mild burns small burns discolor skin
need food course need food live need food play learn grow cells grow body grow eat food actually feeding cells depends activities cells cells depend substances food carry activities substances called nutrients study nutrient food study nutrition learning nutrition means learning body food means learning food affects health body nutrients main things energy growth repair helping body need energy body needs energy breathe needs energy heart beat need energy read book need energy walking running bicycling working energy need comes food eat cells energy nutrients food rest parts body active activities body sleep think energy sleep think think small baby course bigger growing body grows larger making cells nutrients cells body nutrients repair bone cells grow repair broken bone body needs nutrients bone cells nutrients growth repair food eat
need nutrients food going growing cells body working need supply nutrients kinds nutrients foods kinds nutrients carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water foods kind nutrient apple carbohydrates vitamins minerals water foods lot kind nutrient cooking oils fats foods kinds nutrients fairly amounts milk cheese foods milk cheese kinds nutrients body carbohydrates energy main kinds carbohydrates starch sugar picture shows foods large amounts carbohydrates carbohydrates vegetables starches carbohydrates foods grain bread cereal starches fruits carbohydrates carbohydrates fruits sugars foods shown eat regularly body fats energy fats give energy nutrients fats help foods taste picture foods fats body proteins mainly growth proteins cells cells body bigger cells repair injuries body proteins energy carbohydrates fats foods meat fish lot proteins foods large amounts proteins picture
kind fitness involves skills called skills fitness skills fitness help ways help everyday jobs easily skills fitness helps games hobbies help play sports means enjoy sports skills fitness parts parts coordination speed power let closer look parts coordination ability sense organs body parts means eyes hands coordination mean body parts parts hands hands feet need coordination things hobbies knitting woodworking sewing eye hand coordination parts cooking coordination cutting vegetables need coordination want play musical instrument need learn type need coordination simple things include writing pencil eating forkful food activities coordination body parts sense organs activities coordination helps playing sports eye hand coordination helps catch hit ball eye foot coordination important sports helps person kick soccer ball speed part skills fitness speed ability move body fast mean moving place mean moving place speed help activities
picture shows students henderson fourth grade class students alike ways needed medicines past drug substance body mind works drugs meant health reasons called medicines group medicines called prescription medicines prescription medicine called rx medicine prescription medicines medicines bought doctor written order order called prescription prescription written person meant condition pharmacist druggist prepares medicine ordered prescription medicines things cure diseases help sick feel help bodies medicines bought prescription drugstores supermarkets stores medicines called counter medicines counter medicine called otc medicine nonprescription medicine kinds counter medicines conditions generally counter medicines help feel suppose stuffed nose cold counter medicine help person nose feel stuffy aspirin counter medicine aspirin mainly help pain fever counter medicines picture counter medicines
person consider deciding counter medicine person want medicine advertisement advertisements helpful give information medicines ads give wrong idea suggest counter medicines solve health problems completely true ads encourage buy medicine problem try things idea medicine advertisement consider needs read labels help doctor pharmacist want help health medicines safely age medicines need help adult medical doctor parent adult trust age learn medicines safely medicines safely read labels picture shows information find prescription counter medicine labels medicine read follow directions medicine label labels counter medicines information side effects side effects unwanted caused medicine medicine pain taking medicine person dizzy dizziness unwanted change side effect tell adult family medicine side effect rules help medicines safely prescription medicine
pollution means pollution addition things environment dirty impure unhealthy pollution big problem environment kinds pollution kinds pollution affect physical mental social health air pollution comes automobiles things add air pollution automobiles factories power plants airplanes homes burn fuels burn garbage places burning substances including gases particles particles tiny bits material gases particles pollute air air pollution harm physical health eyes burn itch breathing polluted air harm parts body parts connected breathing include lungs tubes leading lungs air pollution lead lung diseases lung cancer air pollution affect mental social health pollution air look hazy gloomy air looks feel unhappy water supplies rivers lakes water underground supplies water supplies polluted farmers chemicals called fertilizers help crops grow farmers chemicals kill insects rainwater carry fertilizers chemicals soil water supplies substances pollute water produce wastes homes wastes leave homes sinks bathtubs toilets communities wastes carried water special places called waste water treatment plants plants remove wastes water plants remove wastes
twenty thousand ago og gog sitting fire cooking supper suddenly food started burn wind blew smoke eyes air pollution pollution problem fairly small pollution big problem pollution problem misuse resources jobs help solve environmental problems government companies government passed laws air water land noise pollution passed laws misuse resources environmental workers government help carry laws companies including electric oil automobile companies concerned environmental problems hire workers help solve problems read learn environmental workers air pollution technicians kind air pollution worker special equipment measure pollution air air pollution technicians check air power plants factories measurements help scientists plan ways prevent reduce pollution measurements help check air pollution laws obeyed air pollution engineers kind air pollution worker design build equipment prevent pollution entering air equipment includes special furnaces automobile engine parts smokestacks communities water wastes homes goes place called waste water treatment plant water goes kinds cleaning equipment workers plant operate repair cleaning equipment called waste water treatment plant operators water pollution engineers workers design build special equipment
sanitary landfill solid waste dumped pit bulldozer spreads presses waste covered soil sanitary landfills parks filled sanitary landfill community noise pollution technicians special equipment check noise places workers check include airports factories highways check find noise pollution laws obeyed noise pollution engineers design build quieter equipment kinds equipment includes quieter engines automobiles airplanes police communities help noise pollution sure obey laws noise environmental workers involved fighting pollution environmental workers involved conservation conservation protection resources misuse conservation workers help save water show farmers water crops wasting water foresters kind conservation worker foresters responsible planning grow trees help protect trees fire harmful insects family help solve environmental problems cars pollute air try car walk drive bicycle public transportation car try share ride help reduce water pollution avoid throwing paper litter rivers lakes streams put harmful substances oil paint chemicals water supply recycling help environment recycling changing paper glass aluminum recycling centers
ways picture look picture feel happiness anger fear excitement feelings emotion picture emotions picture needs common need food air water need love needs needs food love satisfied going healthy person lisa marilyn walk school play weekends share secrets lisa marilyn friends friendship relationship relationships friends help satisfy needs relationships important relationships family members relationships experience family satisfy person needs parents adults family main responsibility providing food clothing keeping home younger members family addition physical needs needs important born needing love studies shown babies need held talked order stay healthy need feel loved family members provide love family love members babies older children outgrow need love addition needing love needs feel belongs ginny didn feel belonged yesterday
lauretta clean room friends cleaning found snapshot picture summer brought memories fun lauretta friends picture lauretta stop think friends girls snapshot lauretta friends friends anymore lauretta friends summer lauretta didn girl friend lauretta changing relationships unusual relationships change relationships influenced number things relationship change interests values change relationships influenced decisions need belong group important act try belong dress friends listen music friends wrong times decide belonging needs values decisions times change relationships donald friend wants donald skip school donald feel skipping school decides say donald decision influence relationship friend donald friend angry friendship weaken end donald decision change friend mind maybe friend school donald skipping school friendship stronger
learned communication helps relationships grow strengthen communicate improve ability communicate need learn listen express openly talking thought person wasn listening maybe person looking maybe person didn say return feel happened communication feel unimportant don listen listening feel want talk understand listen listen pay attention person says let minds wander subject talking think going say find things need practice paying attention talks extra effort think person saying looking person helps pay attention understand trying say happens person repeat tell person think person chance correct misunderstandings asking questions person saying help understand person listening feel interested listen listen words person tone voice expression face body movements makes communicate
ureter kidney carries urine urinary bladder simply called bladder urinary bladder muscular baglike part stores urine urine leaves body urine leaves body tube called urethra called urination problems develop urinary system problems caused disease injury kinds diseases infections kidney stones age kidney stones age infections urinary system germs bacteria infections urinary system part urinary system affected germs common kind infection bladder infection signs infection urinary system vary sign need urinate usual sign pain lower abdomen pain burning urination blood urine fever signs person infection signs physician test person urine detect infection medicines treat infections urinary system person help body fight urinary infections drinking plenty water drinking plenty water helps urine help wash germs body substances urine stick form small stones kidney urinary bladder exact kidney bladder stones known person kidney bladder stones signs signs occur include blood urine pain
gino person joe walk classroom thought joe looked friendly gloria saw joe gloria thought joe looked sports gloria wondered joe join kick ball team recess class noticed things joe appearance notice person appearance notice body size shape body size shape big part appearance body size shape affected things including size person bones size firmness muscles affect body size shape amount body fat person affects size shape differences bones muscles fat heights weights shorter weigh height weight differences body sizes shapes especially noticeable age age growing rates suddenly gained height weight grow rapidly short tallest person class things body size shape changed inherit tall adult taller things body size shape changed size firmness muscles changed muscles larger firmer exercise weight changed body fat gained lost diet exercise
look skin major parts epidermis epidermis includes layers cells cells surface dead dead skin cells constantly falling notice dry flaky skin don dead skin cells living skin cells found dead cells living cells part epidermis constantly making living cells cells push upward replace dead skin cells lose major part skin dermis dermis lies epidermis dermis tissues including blood vessels nerves find epidermis dermis picture things sweat glands oil glands sweat glands produce sweat sweat skin surface small openings called pores oil glands located roots hairs oily material glands skin surface openings hairs oily material helps skin soft smooth helps waterproof skin hair actually form skin picture find hair follicle hair follicle small pit opening skin hair follicle hair growing living hair cells root hair hair cells cells older cells hair die pushed surface skin hair dead cells fingernails toenails forms skin hair nails grow living roots skin
adam paula careful hiking adam slipped loose stones fell adam paula noticed finger bleeding paula found package clean tissues pocket tissue cut pressed firmly cut bled paula tissue top pressed soon bleeding stopped adam paula home help cut matter careful injured injury small adam cut injuries injury emergency emergency means quick action needed prevent injury save emergency thing stay calm think stay calm thinking help person injured thing emergency try adult help hear yell help comes leave victim injured person find parent adult help cases telephone help areas number call help operator help dial idea list emergency numbers home phone saves need call help injury treated emergency treatment injury called aid adult give aid
today maybe walked school read story played meantime body things didn think heart beating lungs working growing body nutrients things nutrients substances foods body nutrients main purposes energy growth repair help control body processes nutrients affect feel act feel grouchy tired don nutrients feel reading story playing feel act nutrients need mrs class report nutrients students learned nutrition report learned body food learned food affects health end report class knew nutrients needs read find learned body needs kinds nutrients kinds nutrients carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water body carbohydrates energy starch sugar main kinds carbohydrates potatoes rice bread cereal noodles foods starch candy cookies cake syrup foods sugar fruit milk vegetables sugar fiber carbohydrate energy fiber helps food wastes move digestive system foods lot fiber plants raw fruits vegetables lot fiber grain breads cereals
sandwich healthy meal snack sandwiches fun prepare eat try sandwich recipes shown food groups recipe include add sandwich nutritious meal snack need think things food groups planning meals snacks sound strange need limit foods eat foods sugar fats lead overweight happen foods high sugar fats provide lot energy person eats foods body energy body stores extra food body fat person gains weight body fat stored eating sugary foods especially sticky help lead tooth decay candy sugary foods likely lead decay eaten snacks mean eat foods sugar fats eat foods meal limit foods rest help total diet balance remember beverages count part meals snacks beverages help balanced diet beverages count servings food group milk counts serving milk group tomato juice counts serving vegetable fruit group beverages healthy choices drink soft drinks beverage choice soft drinks lot sugar soft drinks nutrients drinks effects body foods high sugar
choices help cardiovascular system remember choices smoking eating food choices help cardiovascular system healthy working choice important cardiovascular fitness involves exercise mainly heart muscle muscle strengthened exercise exercise help fatty substances sticking artery walls exercise improves cardiovascular fitness improves body ways turn improvements help cardiovascular system exercise help person overweight overweight helps cardiovascular system healthy heart overweight person harder pump blood body exercise helps respiratory system respiratory system supply oxygen cardiovascular system main kind exercise kind exercise stopping exercise slow steady pace exercise cardiovascular system able supply amount oxygen muscles need exercising kind exercise called aerobic exercise walking swimming racing activities involve aerobic exercise jogging actually slow steady running activity involves aerobic exercise kind exercise exercise short getting tired exercise short fast bursts bursts exercise hard cardiovascular system supplying oxygen muscles kind exercise called anaerobic exercise swimming race activity involves anaerobic exercise
sandy scott parents want measure improvement family cardiovascular fitness scott decided ask teacher scott found step test running test measure improvement person takes tests beginning activity program remember step test heart rate amount exercise measure cardiovascular fitness running test distance person runs length later person wants measure improvement test step test heart rate lower running test person able run farther scott sandy family test test heart rate involve running place jumping rope steady pace minutes pulse counted recorded immediately test family compare test results period results sandy scott mother running test measure improvement discouraged test didn show improvement important discouraged improvement show sandy scott mother bad mistake measuring distance test exercise improving cardiovascular fitness improvement today inactive mainly due things laborsaving devices choices free electric appliances modern devices greatly reduced amount physical activity
drug chemical body mind drugs drug intended health reasons medicine medicines prevent diseases medicines cure diseases medicines help body feel buy medicines person needs written order physician written order called prescription medicine bought prescription prescription medicine called rx medicine penicillin prescription medicine prescription medicine legally sold pharmacist pharmacist fills order medicine buy medicines prescription counter medicines called otc medicines nonprescription medicines aspirin cough syrups examples counter medicines medicines directly person physician nurse vaccine kind medicine medicines drugs drugs medicines words drugs intended health reasons tobacco drugs smoke cigarettes health reasons colas coffee drug called caffeine drink colas coffee health reasons alcohol drug drink alcoholic beverages health reasons drugs reasons health medicines reasons health read kind drug later matter person drug drug body mind
dispose solid wastes simply leaving lying litter leave litter highway park polluting land past disposal solid wastes open garbage dumps considered proper spoiling appearance land open dumping caused air water pollution gases wastes air rain melted snow picked pollutants garbage carried pollutants water supplies problems open dumping commonly dispose solid wastes today communities today solid wastes burned burning result air pollution solid wastes disposed sanitary landfill pollution sanitary landfill solid wastes dumped large hole wastes packed covered soil rain melted snow carry pollutants water supplies pollution caused disposal kind waste chemicals chemicals left manufacturing processes chemical wastes buried metal barrels later chemicals leak barrels ground times chemicals dumped illegally ground cases chemical wastes land water pollution chemicals evaporate air causing air pollution change environment adding sounds sounds course sounds pleasant unwanted sound especially unwanted loud sound considered noise addition noise environment kind pollution things airplanes automobiles motorcycles construction equipment household appliances noise pollution
recent concerned harmful effects pollution concern working help control pollution improving environment involves controlling pollution involves conservation conservation protection resources misuse conservation trees means trees needed means planting trees replace cut trees needs large part improving environment government federal united states government passed laws control pollution automobile manufacturers required federal government lower amounts pollutants cars added air federal laws deal treatment drinking water disposal chemicals dangerous heard environmental protection agency epa epa federal agency charge controlling pollution united states epa includes setting limits kinds pollutants helping enforce limits job epa helping local governments pollution problems local governments enforce federal laws local governments pass additional laws control pollution states laws controlling pollution stricter federal laws local laws forbid burning trash leaves families local laws limit amount noise community areas car horns emergencies local governments law litter public property
spite efforts government environment improved family lot improve environment thing informed environmental problems community able help solve problems informed community problems thing join voluntary environmental group voluntary groups money government rely money donated voluntary groups local national national wildlife federation sierra club voluntary groups stricter laws passed improve protect environment thing help improve environment look family live think add pollution try reduce pollutants add environment think misusing resources try resources wisely remember pollutants added air burning burning trash leaves reduce pollutants family add air important family help reduce air pollution burning fuel walk ride bicycle riding car public transportation ride car things help conserve fuel family help reduce water pollution throwing garbage rivers bodies water help conserve water don let water run brushing teeth washing dishes
mental health involves characteristics characteristic feeling comfortable characteristics mentally healthy person chart help answer question characteristics person find problems difficult deal person image strong image feel feelings appearance abilities part image feel weak image feel strong image strong image important characteristic mentally healthy person tell image weak strong listen say suppose deciding try activity soccer playing guitar likely say maybe won try hard terrible try choose answer realize especially willing try things anyway image strong choose answer weak image weak image trying activities enjoy course image change luann weak image today social studies report physical education class luann climbed top rope
person relationships family members lifetime person develops relationships relationships short relationships important matter relationships help satisfy needs family helps sure person stays physically healthy family members provide food clothing shelter things meet physical needs family love support approval person needs family love support help member develop strong image strong image helps person need learn social skills social skill behavior helps person deal sharing taking turns social skills family helps teach members social skills wayne family planning family outing saturday wayne parents wayne sister sharon help decide family wayne wants restaurant museum sharon wants picnic baseball game discussing wayne sharon start argue wants wayne parents encourage find solution happy wayne sister compromise part wants decide restaurant going baseball game wayne sharon learned social skill help lives families provide social experiences family members
things try lessen harmful effects stress called dealing stress ways deal stress deal stress avoid situations course avoid demanding situations want avoid situations stress crowds stress williams avoiding crowds deal stress kinds situations stress avoid deal stress prepare means staying healthy physically mentally socially walt prepares stress eating properly regular exercise rest keeping image strong building relationships help stay healthy walt knows healthy suffer harmful effects stress unhealthy help health deal stress tina mother play tennis playing tennis helps relax things relax dealing stress find kinds physical activities help relax listen music relax daydreaming help person relax kinds things relax talking things trust deal stress sean knows talk family feelings experiences stress sean talks family talking helps lessen stress
beat field morning recess lucy raced roger softball field halfway roger fell hurt arm roger told lucy thought school nurse lucy roger don roger decision thought things influencing affecting pain arm think nurse wanted enjoy recess didn want lucy fun roger decided nurse lucy influence person health decisions things influence health decisions knowledge affect decisions advertising influence experience important let read influences knowing help wise health decisions family influences health decisions fact family members health decisions decide eat grow older decisions decisions strongly influenced family members family members give advice comments affect decisions family members actions influence frown smile face affect decide learned talk walk feed home learned things home including values values things think important values influence health decisions keeping healthy values likely decisions help healthy
health decisions involve physical health course family makes health decisions decisions physical health wise physical health decisions need ways care body need choose health products need read learn body care health products care eyes protect eyes injury strain look sun rays sun damage eyes sunglasses completely protect eyes harmful rays light read watch tv light help prevent eye strain need glasses wear helps prevent strain ways protect eyes seen eyewashes eye drops products advertised sore red eyes physicians suggest let eyes soothe blink times blink layer tears covers eye layer helps soothe eye eyes sore red checked eyes checked problems seeing clearly family help decide eyes checked person specially trained eye care things care ears wash ears daily soap water daily washing help prevent build ear wax dirt try avoid sticking ears cotton tipped sticks inserted
times need professional health care physician care needed emergencies poisonings severe burns severe bleeding require physician care hand professional care needed small problems simple scrapes cuts situations obvious decide seek professional care course decision making steps help remember steps need signs disease need professional care need kinds professional health care need knowing signs disease help decide seek professional health care signs disease include pain toothache earache sore throat cough chills signs disease fever common sign body fever body temperature higher normal average normal temperature normal body temperature higher lower fever sign disease ill fever fever ill temperature higher lower normal family want physician especially true signs disease mild signs disease days need professional care family want physician mild signs days signs return suddenly worse need physician
nutrient substance found foods body needs nutrients stay healthy nutrients grouped kinds carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water nutrients help body missing properly body needs vitamins body properly carbohydrates fats proteins body needs kinds nutrients need choose foods carefully let look kind nutrient helps body carbohydrates provide energy help digestion main carbohydrates sugar starch fiber sugar starch energy body cells fiber helps foods wastes move digestive system important normal elimination solid wastes kinds sugar found foods table sugar kind foods cakes candies kind sugar kinds sugar found milk honey fruit fruit juice carrots vegetables sugar plants store food starch starch roots stems seeds eating parts plants body starch foods starch include corn peas potatoes grains wheat oats starch picture shows foods grains vegetable fruit skins fiber breads cereals fiber grain breads cereals kernels fiber breads cereals parts kernel foods fiber eaten today fats provide energy fact fats provide energy carbohydrates fats help foods taste
tried walk balance beam rita learning walk falling rita choose step carefully lean direction practice walk beam easily choosing balanced diet easy walking balance beam easier practice need choose balanced diet balanced diet helps body stay healthy helps look feel sure eating diet balanced follow basic food groups plan plan recommends number servings food group eating number servings daily vegetable fruit bread cereal milk meat groups helps provide nutrients need foods belong food group examples foods include cooking oils table sugar honey mustard catsup salad dressings foods thought extra foods extra foods nutrients replace foods food groups diet provide amount energy body activities need think energy needs choosing foods body cells nutrients energy nutrients carbohydrates fats proteins amount nutrients food determines energy food foods high nutrients provide high amounts energy energy food measured units called calories foods high calories provide energy low calorie foods energy body measured calories
servings food groups meals miss meal meal times snacks help meet nutritional needs eat snacks count food group servings quick snack try raw fruits vegetables nuts peanut butter sandwich choices foods healthy snacks experts believe need limit foods meals snacks sugary foods foods high fats salt examples eating sugary foods especially sticky help lead tooth decay try limit candy sweets eat limit saturated fats eating saturated fats contribute cardiovascular diseases cardiovascular diseases diseases heart blood vessels saturated fats solids room temperature chocolate food high fats foods animals including meat butter foods high fats unsaturated fats liquids room temperature cooking oils foods high unsaturated fats oils include corn oil sunflower oil unsaturated fats lead cardiovascular diseases heard word cholesterol cholesterol fatlike substance cholesterol naturally body cholesterol part foods animals eating cholesterol contribute cardiovascular diseases egg yolk butter high cholesterol shellfish high cholesterol limit foods eat salt minerals body needs experts feel limit salt eat
isaac enjoys horseback riding horse isaac regular physical activity riding horse rides family farm hours week isaac thinks horseback riding exercise wonders gaining extra body fat nora soccer team active eat lot high calorie foods gaining extra body fat nora wonders control body fatness isaac nora need physical activity course need eat kind diet age lack activity main reason overfat step increasing physical activity choose activities try isaac nora isaac member sports team want enjoys playing softball friends hard find play nearest person age lives mile isaac needs choose activities possibly person kinds activities isaac try excellent activity controlling body fatness cross country skiing isaac try winter sport activities isaac try summer choice bicycling activity help isaac control body fatness nora asked family help choose activities think nora try jogging neighborhood likes watch nora thinks join soccer team
drug chemical body mind drugs purposes drug intended health reasons medicine medicines prevent cure diseases help body feel kinds medicines medicines greatly benefit health safely medicines safely includes things directions label exactly medicines legally bought physician written order medicines called prescription medicines rx medicines penicillin prescription medicine buying counter medicines require prescription medicines called otc medicines nonprescription medicines aspirin counter medicine medicines directly person physician nurse vaccines drugs surgery medicines drugs health reasons medicines reasons health drugs intended health reasons tobacco cigarettes drugs cigarettes intended smoked health reasons drugs reasons health drugs try change mood behavior drugs think drugs help forget problems read kind drug later drug affects part body effects depend largely kind amount drug effects depend partly person age weight general health
smoking cigarettes period effects effect development mental physical dependence cigarettes mental dependence makes hard smokers quit smoking physical dependence nicotine cigarette smoke makes quitting difficult smokers say wish started smoking addition smoking lead diseases diseases result death longer person smokes greater chance disease smoking increases chances developing cardiovascular diseases high blood pressure heart attack smoking increases chances developing respiratory diseases chronic bronchitis emphysema lung cancer chronic bronchitis disease bronchial tubes lead lungs chronic bronchitis cough frequently difficulty breathing emphysema affects tiny air sacs lungs emphysema walls air sacs weakened destroyed emphysema short breath tire easily energy breathing substances tobacco smoke known cancer substances cancer help increase cancer causing effects substances smoking greatly increases person chances developing lung cancer kinds cancer closed room smokers noticed clothing hair picked odor smoke smoke affected harmful ways breathing smoke called involuntary smoking involuntary smoking effects involuntary smoker inhales smoke heart rate blood pressure increase oxygen supply blood reduced
environmental problems problems worse reason increased population live earth today past means pollutants added air water land means noise means natural resources faster addition advances technology environmental problems worse modern technology involves production chemical wastes chemical wastes dangerous pollutants completely safe ways dispose wastes developed today environmental problems solved important try solve healthy environment greatly benefit physical mental social health working help solve environmental problems help environment government voluntary agencies industries help solutions environmental problems found agencies federal government responsible helping environment agencies national park service environmental protection agency epa national park service help preserve national parks places naturally beautiful unusual natural features environmental protection agency decide things materials safely added environment addition agencies federal government passes laws protect environment local government help enforce laws local governments establish agencies pass stricter laws wish
meet epa limits industry find ways reduce amount pollutants add air devices added automobiles reduce air pollution local governments passed enforcing air pollution laws burning leaves prohibited areas places require incinerators burn solid wastes antipollution devices smokestacks addition government industry voluntary agencies study air pollution teach effects air pollution stricter laws government solve water problems epa sets limits water pollutants law materials known harmful supposed dumped lakes streams rivers industries supposed reduce thermal pollution cooling water returning environment communities sewage treatment plants plants treat sewage comes homes sources plants screens remove large wastes water chemicals added water cleaner water filtered sand gravel remove dirt small wastes treatment water returned water supply meet government limits drinking water supplies tested treated communities water treatment plants water piped plants water supply plant workers operate equipment removes impurities kills pathogens water water homes places drinking communities working conserve water supplies washing cars watering lawns limited areas
shelley helps care family yard lon watches younger sister school margie safety patrol school sixth graders responsibilities similar responsibilities responsibility help environment contributes environmental problems meaning depends environment course need aware environmental problems help reading chapter aware realizing didn problems exist gaining knowledge effects solutions problems reading chapter beginning need aware especially specific problems area reading magazines newspapers materials local voluntary agencies concerned environment help think help aware aware step lists ways actually help environment ways listed part parts environment specific environmental problems area able add lists ways help environment try today family want try ways help environment burn leaves garbage avoid pesticides save water turning water brush teeth wash dishes save water taking shorter showers water tub baths turn faucets tightly tell adult family faucets drip leak
joe thinking friends bus school bus run late morning bus late usual commented school faster riding bike surprise kid agreed asked want ride school joe friends eddie joe friends common goal goal getting school enjoyed riding bicycles discovered common interests difficulty developing friendships making friends easy things friends easily thing develop friendships put situations meet join club school local community center sponsors clubs interest volunteer group projects class working easy meet sports events outings participate team sport interest sports friends introduce increase number friends meeting thing develop friendships learn talk suppose party dance don start conversation choose looks friendly seen
today public librarian talked friends tell quiet busy talk leave today needed ask find information surprise friendly helpful class substitute teachers finally learned basic rule substitute pleasant involved fact extra privileges ability born getting learn occasionally difficulties getting tanya rude times students bill class need days adjust person teaching methods tanya students bill class overcame difficulties learned ways contact family members friends contact acquaintances strangers acquaintances strangers getting important consider situation playing softball accidentally hit ball neighbor window neighbor going angry handle situation guidelines help neighbor solve problem tempted run hear window break
susan stereo stereo considered luxury luxury bought money leftover bills paid susan help family follow budget waiting asking stereo importantly ask needle stereo susan help family budget ask family part job help consider delivering newspapers baby sit small jobs money susan contribute family income susan help family stay budget pay luxuries money earns things wants lessen demands family budget dan parents separated considering getting divorce dan close parents angry confused sad difficult dealing situation families affected separation divorce sensitive family problem things dan help deal situation dan needs accept fact experience emotions regarding parents separation divorce perfectly normal feel angry abandoned guilty depressed afraid sad normal experience emotion dan needs tell parents feels dan needs accept responsible parents separation
gary watching evening news television news item concerned celebration local resident birthday ordinary birthday resident celebrating hundredth birthday wow thought gary hundred experienced lot wonder reach hundred knows things lead healthy thing strive physical health likely physically healthy energy daily leisure activities likely physically healthy look feel occasionally ill person medical condition allergy physically healthy person disability blindness physically healthy things try physically healthy strive physically healthy taking care appearance taking care appearance includes things body clean bathing showering regularly thing contributes appearance bathing showering keeps skin reasonably clean likely harbor germs washing face helps clean removing natural oils dirt help control common skin problem called acne shampooing hair regularly thing contributes appearance excess oil collects scalp hair traps dirt shampoo hair depends amount oil glands produce
striving physically healthy thing help lead healthful contribute healthful living strive social health likely socially healthy able likely socially healthy concerned rights happiness show concern rights happiness strive socially healthy strive socially healthy showing interest show interest asking general questions ask describe hobbies favorite physical activities show interest listener listener letting speak interrupting ask questions sure understand saying listener encouraging continue talking topic interest discover flattered attention willing share thoughts showing interest help strive socially healthy help help show concern rights happiness turn find getting helped person react respecting contribute social health
question mrs jones seventh grade health class health products recently jay raised hand answered don feel sick think jay smiled mrs jones health products today health products jay deodorant toothpaste shampoo remember health products items maintain improve health appearance main types health products foods drugs cosmetics foods health products provide body nutrients body nutrients provide material growth repair body cells body nutrients energy body nutrients help carry bodily activities circulation blood drugs type health product drugs chemical substances body mind properly drugs health products contribute disease prevention disease control cases drugs provide cures drugs act pain relievers cosmetics type health product according federal law cosmetics product soap cleansing beautifying promoting attractiveness altering appearance unlike foods drugs mainly cosmetics maintain improve appearance health products exist form foods drugs cosmetics health products exist need evaluate product consumers interested buy evaluate health products asking questions ask need product think need eye drops try determine eyes red bloodshot
roger kurt playing soccer friends neighborhood park hot humid run field kurt notices roger pale sweating lot asks roger feel roger responds weak voice headache feel dizzy roger suffering heat exhaustion condition worse developed heatstroke condition requires aid body overheated begin sweat sweat evaporates surface skin body cooled goes wrong body ability regulate temperature result heat exhaustion heatstroke heat exhaustion results exercising working hot humid environment body overheats loses large amounts water salt heavy sweating symptoms heat exhaustion pale clammy skin heavy perspiration tiredness weakness dizziness headache fainting aid heat exhaustion follows person lie cool place shade air conditioned room apply cool wet cloths person forehead body give person frequent sips salt water teaspoonful salt mixed glass water consult physician medical center aid effective heatstroke results sun hot environment body temperature rises sweating sign mechanism controlling sweating working symptoms heatstroke skin feels warm touch dry pulse strong rapid
read things influence food choices thing influence food choices level health want achieve choose foods eat based nutritional foods determines nutritional foods nutritional food determined nutrients food nutrient substance found foods helps body carry functions body nutrients functions body nutrients provide material growth repair body cells body nutrients energy body nutrients help carry activities circulation blood digestion nutrients divided main groups groups carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water carbohydrates group nutrients carbohydrates provide body fuel energy carbohydrates help body digest foods main carbohydrates starch sugar fiber starch sugar energy body cells fiber helps foods wastes move digestive system important elimination solid wastes grains wheat rice oats corn starch grains flour flour bread cereals crackers noodles foods starch beans peas potatoes starch foods milk dried fruit fruit juices honey syrup sugar vegetables carrots beets turnips sugar fiber rough material found plant cell walls vegetables fruit skins fiber breads cereals fiber
sarah mother prepared scrambled eggs toast sausage juice milk breakfast sarah complains mom don eat lot food hungry sarah eats half piece toast bite sausage eggs sip milk orange juice tim going school cafeteria line groans finds menu fish sticks macaroni green beans milk apple drinks milk eats half apple goes saw family physician told weighed age tina told cut foods potato chips colas sweets heavy don willpower eat foods moderation sarah tim tina common opportunity wise food choices unwise food choices sarah chooses eat small portion food group eating variety foods eating amount food hand tim chooses eat food food groups eating variety foods tina chooses eat foods contribute weight problem trying eat foods moderation sarah tim tina comes making food choices change choose foods wise food choices eating amount foods wise food choice determine amount
chuck jim trying basketball team chuck practices free throws schoolyard awhile believes team makes shots chuck realize important thing playing basketball involves shooting baskets basketball players need parts fitness play game jim hand plays basketball friends school regular practice helped jim build improve parts physical fitness running improved jim speed cardiovascular fitness muscular endurance running helped control body fatness shooting lay ups improved jim coordination pivoting helped develop agility guarding opponents improved jim sense balance reaction think chance making basketball team jim chuck course jim jim realizes achieving physical fitness sports requires effort effort person puts sport greater chance person building parts physical fitness jim develop parts physical fitness participating activity jim participate activities order build parts fitness read jim participates sports means building parts physical fitness jim prefer sports means physical activity prefer exercises exercises forms physical activity primarily improve physical fitness unlike sports exercises competitive exercises grouped programs type exercise program planned exercise program planned exercise programs consist specific exercises regular times
mrs gleason students noticed words chalkboard entered class words drugs friends foes students sat mrs gleason going start health lesson discuss question let background information drugs decide answer question mrs gleason class need background information drugs thing drugs drugs chemicals body mind drugs reasons drug intended health reasons medicine medicines major functions medicines prevent diseases vaccines examples medicines vaccines substances dead weakened germs substances help white blood cells produce chemicals called antibodies antibodies weaken germs diseases kinds vaccines received medicines cure diseases antibiotics penicillin fight infection antibiotic substance destroy weaken germs medicines control diseases medicine insulin help control disease diabetes mellitus buy medicines person needs prescription prescription written order physician medicines bought prescription called prescription medicines referred rx medicines penicillin prescription medicine prescription medicines filled licensed pharmacists prescription medicines legally sold clinics hospitals drugstores buy medicines prescription medicines called counter medicines otc medicines cold tablets cough syrups examples counter medicines
reactions amount alcohol vary individuals things affect reaction alcohol individual differences affect reactions alcohol reached adulthood small size affected alcohol partly smaller person body fluid dilute alcohol react differently alcohol according mood alcohol tends increase feelings exist person angry drinking angry drinks thing affect person reaction alcohol amount food person stomach person stomach empty alcohol quickly passes bloodstream stomach presence food stomach slows absorption alcohol effects alcohol depend quickly person drinks drinking drinks quickly dangerous drinking drinks hours person personality physical condition difference person tired sick taking medicine stronger reactions alcohol person drinks large amounts alcohol develop tolerance alcohol person drink larger amounts effects tolerance lead physical dependence alcohol drink heavily period suffer malnutrition alcohol nutrients receive nutrients bodies require addition liver affected able process nutrients heavy drinking damage parts body
environment includes places relax learn live environment includes air land water sunlight things sustain need healthful environment order healthy need clean air land water air land water clean things dirty today growing concern cleanliness environment signs concern seen threats environment pollution pollution addition substances environment impure unhealthy pollution endanger health survival living things illness death pollution damage nonliving things kinds pollution examples include air pollution water pollution land pollution pollution radiation pollution noise kind pollution contribute pollution kind soil particles polluting air pollute water food natural forces pollute environment ways heavy rains wash soil waterways causing water pollution major pollution history polluted environment carelessly discarding wastes air smelled bad air caused throat burn experienced air pollution air pollution occurs natural sources dust pollen soil particles air pollution occurs things motor vehicles producing industrial exhausts spraying chemicals burning solid wastes open dumps ways air pollution air pollutants form liquid solid particles
forms pollution effects physical mental social health polluted water air ill noise nervous upset damage hearing land pollution destroy recreational areas enjoy family friends health hazards pollution think summer afternoon scott pam jogging park jogged miles tiring today short run tired breath scott chest hurt pam complained eyes burned later heard radio announcement air pollution alert city pollution alerts help inform dangers polluted air alert warns respiratory illness stay indoors cases air pollution air pollution mainly affects respiratory system gas sulfur dioxide irritates eyes air passages lungs irritation contribute development respiratory diseases emphysema bronchitis photochemical smog irritates damages eyes air passages lungs scientists believe air pollution factor development pneumonia lung cancer air pollution motor vehicle exhaust affects heart brain carbon monoxide gas exhaust drowsy slow reactions causing accidents death particles dust soot ash linked diseases emphysema lung cancer air pollution harm food water sources damage poison plants animals water supplies crops trees livestock harmed polluted air affect water pollution harm health
pollution big influence types pollution help technology government quality environment improved technology inventions discoveries easier productive involves machines materials techniques processes technology enabled farmers greatly increase amount food grown produced conveniences automobiles airplanes appliances products technology benefits technology produced side effects form health hazards household appliances need electricity run electricity burn coal oil results air pollution technology helps pollution offers solutions pollution special equipment prevent air pollution pollution control equipment installed factories pollution sources prevent pollution devices help clean polluted air lead air pollutant found motor vehicle exhaust help control pollution scientists developed engines lead free gas engines devices reduce amount pollutants carbon monoxide fight solid waste pollution methods disposal developed types landfills burying liquid solid hazardous wastes landfill called secure landfill built barrier prevents wastes seeping ground water technology help prevent waste disposal problems wastes recycled technology help recycle glass metals paper sewage materials recycling materials reduces pollution saves natural resources technology provide solutions pesticide pollution scientists developed ways control agricultural pests pesticides
imagine re party friends party don comes starts conversation exchange names talk music person asks describe say describe stranger ideas feelings concept concept includes ideas feelings appearance abilities personality concept positive negative positive concept generally feel think things worthwhile person negative concept generally feel think things worthwhile person thing affect concept inherited physical traits inherited traits characteristics passed parents children height hair color facial features feel traits affect feel feel tall nose large normal dislike things look thinking feeling look build negative concept thing affect concept family friends act tell affect feel close tell smart chances feel positive concept
stress helpful situations find stress experience taking test helps alert think clearly able concentrate task performing stress helpful stress harmful harmful effects stress occur ways stressful situation lasts short examples situations argument close friend death close family member stressful situation lasts situation adjusting term illness family member harmful effects stress physical mental emotional symptoms arguing close friend experience upset stomach headache common physical symptoms stress fatigue extreme tiredness common symptom stress arguing close friend feel angry anger common mental emotional symptom stress fear anxiety experience stress feel nervous irritable stressful situation physical mental emotional symptoms short source stress removed body returns normal stressful situation lasts relief physical mental emotional symptoms develop health problems constant stress eventually wears body making able fight disease
maintaining positive concept help cope stress positive concept tend realistic attitude experiences help stressful situations changed likely create stress attempting change things changed positive concept tend realistic expectations help cope stress feel achievements hard failures experience stress situations control generally positive concept help give relaxed attitude situations experience tend fewer stressors result positive concept ways cope stress recognize stressor source stress experiencing decide cope talking problems upset feelings trust parents teacher close friend cope stress keeping strong feelings anger bottled inside create constant stress eventually harm health talking helps relieve stress helps problem clearly getting problem stressful situation relieve stress mind problem activity stressful situation help later
ignacio eats variety foods fruits vegetables snacks wants stay healthy maintain body weight cheryl swims times week jogs week family family part family fitness program community troy hours sleep night feels alert night rest rachel washes face bathes daily shampoos hair times week rachel look feel things develop maintain health things called health practices types health practices physical health practices mental health practices social health practices physical health practices things help maintain improve physical health eating variety foods important physical health practice foods eat supply body basic nutrients supplying body nutrients help body healthy provide body nutrients needs eating foods basic food groups pictures show basic food groups servings need daily group nutrients important achieved eating food regular mealtimes times eating regular intervals spread nutrients provide body physical health practice maintaining healthy body weight overweight underweight body efficiently
inhale exhale breath number breaths minute breathing rate normal breathing rate rate breathe resting normal breathing rate adults fifteen times minute younger faster breathing rates adults breathing rate fifteen twenty times minute breathing rate slows asleep speeds physically active temperature vary temperature place sterile oral thermometer mouth tongue sure hot cold drink fifteen minutes thermometer mouth minutes thermometer reading body temperature responsibility care includes seeking health care needed care health seek health care health checkups physical health problems mental health problems social health problems need regular medical dental health checkups physician dentist depends things things age level health unsure checkup ask physician dentist checkups physician dentist tell current level health notice health important recognize health care needed medical attention needed physical health problems emergency nonemergency situations emergency situation injury illness occurs
gina emergency room memorial hospital broke finger wayne eyes tested glasses checked larry medical checkup wrestling gina wayne larry health services health service care advice provided health related fields health services provide able care health health services services person variety physical mental social health needs health professionals care health needs ill injured school school nurse give care care includes contacting help specific health need school nurse helpful health questions concerns person help health needs dental hygienist cleans teeth teaches proper dental care clinics dental hygienist takes dental rays questions brushing flossing dental care hygienist advise physician assistant person help health need conducts parts medical checkup performs tests treats minor injuries helps patient health history records checkup physician assistant able answer specific questions questions refer physician answer person concerned mental social health needs social worker
experiencing heart attack symptoms try convince wrong wastes valuable alert family member trained aid ask questions help identify specific symptoms speed call help save help arrives person conscious help find comfortable position position sitting partially sitting breathing difficult person sitting lying loosen tight clothing especially neck cover person blanket help maintain normal body temperature try calm reassure person upset restless need support avoid telling person think heart attack severe heart attack person lose consciousness situation important sure person breathing artificial respiration restore breathing important check pulse person neck pulse heart stopped beating cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr started immediately trained perform type aid cpr combines artificial respiration artificial heartbeat attempted received specific training person heart attack unconscious breathing heartbeat person side breathing easier covered blanket chest pains signs heart attack idea report chest pains physician hospital correct diagnosis
pat decided grapefruit diet order lose weight ate grapefruit days pat began feel tired headaches pat wondered didn feel pat didn body needs kinds foods variety foods helps body grow stay healthy foods nutrients nutrients substances found foods help body carry functions needed growth health food nutrients body needs food eggs fruit cereal supply nutrients variety foods help provide nutrients needed groups nutrients needed health growth carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water groups nutrients body body nutrients repair cells produce energy play carry body activities carbohydrates sugars starches main source energy body energy needed movement muscles function brain nerves chemical reactions cells sugars starches found foods main sources sugars fruits vegetables milk grain products table sugars sweets starches found foods breads cereals potatoes beans corn fiber carbohydrate body needs fiber rough material found plant cell walls give body energy body digest fiber needed help move foods wastes digestive system
salt sodium health salt found naturally foods eat amount salt body needs salt added foods table food processing plants foods canned soups bologna large amounts added salt nutrition experts recommend eating salt moderation salt heart kidneys harder normal salt contribute development high blood pressure try eating salt moderation adjust taste find foods taste added salt body sugars source energy sugars found nutritious foods fruits vegetables foods supply nutrients refined sugar table sugar supplies energy nutrients refined sugar diet crowd nutrients body needs happens select foods high sugar foods provide variety nutrients eat sugar moderation avoid adding sugar foods frequently eating foods sugar lead tooth decay dentists suggest limit amount candy foods sugar especially meals cholesterol fatlike substance body found foods forms essential part cells need cholesterol normal body functions nutrition experts physicians think cholesterol body increases risk developing cardiovascular diseases eating foods high cholesterol raise level cholesterol blood
joe jogging playing tennis playing soccer needs find ways cardiovascular fitness muscular endurance needs activities help stay lean joe exercise summer fall needs continue exercising regularly winter spring general fitness needs personal fitness needs need higher level parts health fitness parts depends types activities participate joe participates activities require high level cardiovascular fitness joe personal need high level cardiovascular fitness participate gymnastics personal fitness need high level muscular strength flexibility personal fitness needs affected person health medical problems limit physical activity heart problems need limit amount kind physical activity participate medical problems require special types exercises arthritis need special exercises build stretch muscles joints knowing health problems important part determining personal fitness needs physicians recommend physical exam begin exercising regularly sure re body fitness needs ready think types physical activities meet needs ways choose physically fit
physically fit important part health ages fitness needs change age need exercise present important aware fitness needs choices meet needs help members family aware fitness needs choices sharing learned physical fitness explain parts health fitness give examples activities build part health fitness tell personal fitness needs help member family plan personal exercise program explain step step process planning personal exercise program program helpful copies exercise program charts chapter family members family choosing activities exercise programs suggest activities build part health fitness family members need improve cardiovascular fitness jog walk times week family decides improving muscular strength fitness break calisthenics evening exercising family help physically fit fun family fitness health inactive adults age thirty want medical checkup start exercising physician sure healthy suggest activities exercises safely
yes mind smoke statement sign changing american attitudes smoking view smoking unhealthy habit smokers quit smoking changing viewpoint brought partly research smoking effects health person inhales smoke cigarette body place seconds heart beats faster blood pressure raised smoking lowers skin temperature reduces ability taste smell effectively smoking especially affects cardiovascular respiratory systems substances drugs cigarette smoke body nicotine stimulant drug found cigarette smoke smoker experience symptoms mild nicotine poisoning dizziness rapid pulse cold clammy skin nausea diarrhea person continues smoking effects smoker begins physically mentally dependent stimulant effects nicotine smoking person begin feel bit tired irritable smoking cigarette relieves symptoms smoker views relaxing person smokes cigarettes percent substances inhaled stay lungs smoke harmful particles gases harmful carbon monoxide tar carbon monoxide gas takes place oxygen red blood cells smokers easily winded breath gas heart harder substances smoke paralyze tiny hairlike cilia air passages cilia needed remove dirt foreign particles air passages
department health human services main health agency united states government main function safeguard nation health department takes steps prevent spread diseases foreign countries united states prevents spread diseases addition cooperates nations help bring health public health service carries health activities federal government chart functions agencies public health service helps states cities making latest information health matters help local health departments maintain efficient offices important function federal government health service medical research national institutes health carry extensive programs direct research laboratories clinics bethesda maryland responsible health citizens safeguard health generally board health health officer number divisions divisions concerned disease control food sanitation public health nursing health education health department responsibility extends services indirect aid cities counties districts local health department concerned community health checks safety water supply makes sure food stores restaurants clean checks sanitary production sale milk addition monitors levels air pollution function local health department provide health education speakers health department radio tv announcements point importance vaccines health practices
trees rabbits hawks worms common thing alive depend living nonliving things survival thing live biosphere biosphere region surrounding earth air oceans rivers lakes streams land areas continents islands living nonliving things earth biosphere sunlight energy biosphere sunlight earth end important biosphere clean sustains living things including things bad effect biosphere biosphere environment live biosphere sum ecosystems earth ecosystem environment relationship living nonliving things living things plants animals nonliving things include air soil water diagram page shows ecosystem works innumerable ecosystems ocean pond water droplet forest meadow clump dirt ecosystem sustaining size biosphere largest ecosystems study ecosystems ecology ecosystems studied determine condition ways function study affect ecosystems human ecology exist part specific ecosystem travel ecosystem happens biosphere ecosystems determines happens air breathe water drink food eat determined condition biosphere ecosystems
environmental health problems facing today caused trying achieve standard living technology technology inventions discoveries easier productive technology involves machines materials manufacturing techniques processes technology improved quality automobiles trains trucks airplanes provide transportation farm equipment fertilizers pesticides provide agricultural abundance technology improved quality helped environmental problems air land water pollution harmful side effects technology correct pollution environmental problems government industry volunteer organizations involved finding solutions help federal local governments involved controlling pollution laws passed government levels limit amount environmental pollution automobiles industry sewage treatment plants federal agencies acting environmental watchdogs council environmental quality ceq environmental protection agency epa addition department interior bureaus oversees aspects environment chart shows agencies laws help protect environment local governments refer federal legislation deal environmental problems local governments laws prohibiting things burning trash dumping sewage waterways polluting industrial plants industry helping solve environmental problems technology technology making recycle items glass paper metal things shredded processed glass reused surfacing highways
civics study duties rights responsibilities citizenship comes latin word civis means citizen ancient rome citizens small privileged class owned land property city sat councils government voted leaders laws rights responsibility give city laws government roman citizens took duty city seriously today nearly living united states citizens rights responsibilities citizenship members groups civics part belong groups citizen groups enjoy benefits group membership return assume responsibilities welfare groups part tony martin age fourteen takes part groups lives family includes sisters mother father grandmother belongs st francis church member catholic youth organization ninth grader hamilton high school junior varsity basketball team friends neighborhood spends spare member groups tony rights responsibilities family member affection food place live guidance growing return owes family members consideration support things try chores help home place live school tony learn
navajo live large reservation southwest recent faced severe conflict natural resources ago black mesa arizona lived ancestors lived grazing sheep ancient navajo traditions coal found flat topped hills area geologists black mesa covered rich shallow vein low sulfur coal largest coal mines peter macdonald navajo tribal chairman urged sign contract mining company return coal black mesa mining company pay large fee navajo mining company share profits sale coal navajo finally navajo jobs working mine paid making macdonald natural resources create jobs put road economic navajo agreed macdonald believed growing population supported farming herding poor hungry believed mine provide jobs money money build schools hospitals facilities navajo needed money gained black mesa mine navajo disagreed macdonald supporters wanted traditions black mesa sacred place ravaged return money
constitution plan government united states tells government organized says government constitution main parts preamble statement goals government articles describe plan government twenty amendments added constitution constitution highest law united states citizen law president expected obey law main purpose constitution help citizens live according law united states government acts according laws based constitution conflicts citizens citizens government settled according law constitution foundation peaceful orderly society constitution tells citizens expect government says government citizens says government citizens constitution advantage legal rights rules gain services government protect wrong government power citizens constitution rules help citizens legal rights lose benefits deserve important citizens young constitution preamble part constitution preface introduction parts constitution preamble tells constitution written law preamble states purposes goals
congress national legislature united states basic job laws according constitution congress power tax spend promote general welfare power regulate trade coin borrow money congress build post offices highways set federal courts supreme court declare war raise maintain army navy call armed forces put rebellions stop invasions finally congress laws carry stated powers part gave congress power wrote constitution decided congress bicameral legislature legislature houses giving legislative power group divided legislative power groups houses agree bill law house check balance house representatives voting members ten census congress decides representatives divided states look map representatives changed census representatives elected terms congressional districts states representative congressional district legislature decide boundaries congressional districts legislatures draw boundaries districts equal population powers granted congress constitution shared senate house representatives houses powers shared
dollar person earns taxed tax laws passed congress allow deduct expenses income figuring tax amounts called deductions person children pay taxes money care children pay taxes income charities deduct part money spend medicines doctor hospital bills agree tax laws fair deductions favor groups renters pay higher taxes homeowners tax reform want candidates running office promise try tax laws fairer hard agree fair fair benefits government pay highest taxes income pay taxes tax laws accept line reasoning deductions amount left called taxable income tax rate taxable income varies income pay higher percentage income personal income tax income janice benson taxable income taxed rate percent tax neighbor robert green taxable income tax rate percent tax taxable income exactly half tax half
summer major parties hold national conventions nominate candidate president convention delegates district columbia territories united states states delegates chosen conventions states delegates elected voters size delegation depends chiefly population large states delegates small states fewer delegates selection president elections delegates states presidential hopeful ran states takes deal money energy run successful campaign hopefuls chose states felt effective earliest election hampshire february ohio california jersey june elections rolled hopefuls picked convention delegates election score cards shown printed newspapers magazines shown evening television news shows rules delegates vote convention vary delegates represent hopefuls law honor binding commitment vote person ballot convention delegates stated preference free change minds uncommitted decision convention floor delegates pledged favorite son person home real chance presidential candidate group pledged favorite son votes block instance illinois delegation votes pledged illinois senator adlai stevenson
interest groups organizations share common beliefs interests try influence government decisions citizens join interest groups believe pooling resources money knowledge energy increase chances influencing decision makers hundreds interest groups united states examples national association manufacturers nam interest group business owners managers works behalf members interests afl cio alliance labor unions works support interests workers american farm bureau federation represents interests farmers american legion works behalf veterans national education association promotes interests teachers american medical association supports interests medical doctors interest groups values clash group goals conflict goals group members group try influence government officials support point view conflict groups money government spend public education teachers association tried influence lawmakers pass larger school funding bill spend end providing poor education president association ranks low amount public funds spent pupil reminded lawmakers groups opposed spending money improve public schools wanted funds improve public transportation wanted money welfare programs wanted government cut spending lower taxes group tried influence decision makers government support interests
socialists populists progressives prohibitionists examples minor parties united states history minor parties prohibitionist party started socialists minor parties supporters compared major parties win elections won seats congress held local office mayor county commissioner minor parties hope grow major parties someday want gain acceptance ideas prohibition party wants ban sale alcoholic drinks party candidates don expect win elections election campaigns try influence citizens accept party ideas drinking hope influence government officials laws sale alcoholic beverages achieved goal parts united states minor parties temporary challengers major parties called parties parties growing support short period party win votes influence outcome national election party exactly progressive party progressive party formed challenge democrats republicans presidential election progressives ran theodore roosevelt served president election roosevelt received votes republican candidate william taft fewer votes democratic candidate woodrow wilson roosevelt lost candidacy important effect election roosevelt supporters voted taft roosevelt progressive party helped wilson win presidency
reasons choosing candidate vote straight party ticket party candidate belongs influence voters person voters interested issues tend vote candidates opinions similar voters influenced candidate personality appearance tend attracted put candidate looks speaks party labels mean issues personalities candidates interested person party able judge candidates stand issues chapter provide help judging candidates campaign appeals vote candidate thoughtful voters consider number points making decision knowing look helpful experienced voters look candidates tend support programs goals values agree hopes candidates political decisions approve person learn candidate goals values common sources information newspapers news magazines tv radio publications congressional quarterly reports congressional record sources report decisions beliefs candidates interest groups provide information give regular reports rate members congress support group programs values groups americans democratic action ada afl cio committee political education cope national farmer union nfu americans constitutional action aca united states chamber commerce uscc american conservative union acu
preliminary hearing prosecutor bring formal charge called indictment accused states grand jury twenty persons hears evidence decides person indicted brought trial indictment accused comes judge charge read judge asks guilty guilty step called arraignment person pleads guilty judge pronounces sentence accused pleads innocent case goes trial jury defense prosecuting attorneys choose jurors large group try avoid seating juror unfavorable side lawyers turn number jurors saying jury chosen prosecutor presents case accused witnesses called sworn questioned cross examined side defense presents case attorneys sides sum arguments jury goes arrive verdict judge instructions law case jury retires reach guilty innocent verdict vote unanimous verdict guilty judge decide sentence law sets minimum maximum penalties judge chooses sentence range choose suspend sentence means person pay penalty person suspended sentence trouble law criminal cases courts today steps read
franklin county board acts legislature executive legislative body board levies taxes votes money spent borrows money subject limits states let counties pass local laws called ordinances board pass ordinances waste disposal land public health board power issue licenses things drive movies eating places junkyards executive body county board sees county programs put effect cases board power appoint county officials hire county workers regular franklin county board meeting members spend going budget hear report plans upcoming county fair tonight meeting appoint member board health approve plans building addition county nursing home act requests road repair counties voters select twelve county officers let tour franklin county court house bring services citizens county judge sheila mcnabb winding divorce case week handled civil cases friday preside trial persons charged auto theft addition handling adult criminal cases mcnabb judge juvenile court larger county separate person holding office juvenile court young offenders special treatment formal criminal trial office prosecutor wayne bender judge chambers bender brings formal charges persons accused crime
police firefighters teachers street crews bus drivers welfare workers sanitation workers clerks secretaries city government personal stake decisions wages working hours working conditions frequently try influence decisions city officials larger cities workers belong labor unions cities city workers unions form interest groups fraternal order police city workers public employees government laws give public employees organize unions bargain city officials wages working conditions laws illegal public employees strike recent teachers police firefighters garbage collectors strike laws strikes police firefighters threaten safety city strikes bus drivers garbage collectors greatly inconvenience citizens strikes put pressure city officials meet city workers demands handling strikes public employees requires toughest political decisions faced city government officials newspapers important influence local politics news stories front inside pages tell going town stories give straight facts tell happened addition factual news stories editorials interpret judge things going city editorial start stating city council vote build library idea explain editor felt editorials support candidates election newspaper prints list candidates recommends
today say growing smaller mean modern bringing closer travel faster satellites words pictures flashed globe instantly important increase interdependence interdependent means nations depend goods services means happens nation area affects happens places global interdependence bad weather winter caused soviet union lose wheat crop gave american farmers chance greater profits selling wheat soviets turn meant wheat sale united states shortage led higher prices bread american supermarkets felt national government decide foreign policy selling american wheat soviet union simple candy bar global interdependence hershey pennsylvania americans earn living working candy factory chocolate sugar nuts candy bars things affect production candy bars jobs chocolate comes cacao seeds seeds grown central africa crop lower price cacao chocolate hand war central africa disrupt farming affect supply cacao nuts candy bar brazil
arming today nations spend billion military expenditures amount going recently military expenditures united states percent denmark percent greece percent east germany percent brazil percent america gave military aid allies recently soviet union france england china selling weapons biggest buyers arab states developing nations zaire guinea nigeria result insecurity poor countries races weapons neighbors united states foreign policy makers face choice continue sell weapons begin limit military sales effort halt growing arms race poor countries major problem today worldwide destruction natural environment say earth danger global sewer poisonous metals mercury lead dumped seas air industries automobiles giant oil spills tankers spread millions gallons oil oceans beaches spills kill fish sea birds important food marine ddt poison spread found fish animals humans faraway places antarctic penguins species birds animals extinct human actions rich poor nations disagreed pollution problems rich nations want cut global pollution
international trips columbus recent traveling columbus western europe canada mexico africa asia middle east columbus residents travel pleasure travel business columbus thousand visitors countries visitors students business vacation columbus business community closely linked rest banks columbus deal foreign banks columbus businesses export million worth machinery scientific equipment chemicals goods firms import million worth goods jobs columbus area result international activities businesses american city today columbus shoppers supermarket select imported items include bananas panama wine italy sausage germany oranges japan cheese denmark addition large part crops grown nearby country side exported percent wheat crop sold countries columbus large companies export million worth corn soy beans wheat oats companies store sell ship crops ohio farmers cities columbus arts menu growing international flavor recently city welcomed vienna choir boys austria british rock groups known opera star italy outstanding violinist israel royal tahitian dance company romanian dancers spanish guitarists st patrick irish rovers
benjamin dilley boy age boys benjamin dreamer wonderful imagination close eyes imagine red hippopotamus doctor coat opened eyes shut eyes imagine genie bottle bottle genie imagined nice give benjamin wish benjamin wished dimes dime dime hippopotamus dime genie benjamin dilley wonderful imagination benjamin parrot driving yellow car bunnies jumping bed problem benjamin wonderful things benjamin say mom don hard genie bottle glad help benjamin mother say genie nice play writing story benjamin say dad seen turtle dressed turtleneck father say haven seen rest sunday newspaper sunday benjamin watching father fix leak pipe basement small leak taking benjamin father benjamin waited wonderful imagination imagined funny camel camel glasses sitting end nose camel says re turning pipe wrong dad benjamin father knows father started say
called egbert nosh egbert nosh egbert nosh lived house house pretty street looked houses egbert liked house strong beautiful blue door green bushes egbert loved coming home house egbert nosh walk suddenly heard footsteps heavy footsteps egbert looked think saw house walking sidewalk stop egbert shouted silly asked house houses walk egbert explained house moving want lonely re house re dog home house egbert house going cried egbert answered house silly egbert egbert felt silly standing middle sidewalk talking house saw home house home house dusted shoes sat egbert opened front door inside angry suddenly idea quietly opened front door quietly shut ran street fast corner bus stop bus ok think found bus stop
gabrielle selena place fact remember sisters gabrielle selena thinking selena knew gabrielle going say summer standing sidewalk wish selena gabrielle want asked selena tired gabrielle morning wake room look sister say hello mother father eat breakfast tired things think fun live house house selena wake room look brother eat breakfast don exactly gabrielle cut fun silly selena magic gabrielle put hands put feet put noses look eyes selena started laugh stop laughing won gabrielle turn say selena say gabrielle selena took steps looked hello gabrielle gabrielle hello selena selena gabrielle supper hurry gabrielle
nicky albert birthday coming nicky going birthday party albert going invite course going invite nicky going invite ann jenny jan morris doris dan lot albert lot birthday party nicky lot gifts need help nicky looked pockets dime dimes dimes looking worried money party going albert think nicky suddenly face broke grin surprise party surprise party asked albert surprise party nicky give surprise party albert won surprised course give surprise party nicky face broke bigger grin ann jenny jan morris doris dan going asked albert easy nicky say listen nicky birthday coming let give surprise party say idea love surprise parties bring cake ann bring candles jenny bring albert bring party idea party ready house tuba lesson nicky
ten clock doors open parents grandparents children ages hurry gates bronx zoo started zookeeper jean ehret began starts clock morning bronx zoo york city largest zoos country jean zookeeper birdhouse zoo find jean job thing asked decided zookeeper didn decide zookeeper jean told started working zoo hobby part job looked full job animals birds important zoo perfect place fulltime working zoo perfect jean learning birds hobby hobby job zookeeper birdhouse mean jean says means cleaning bird exhibits helping baby birds born means feeding birds means making nests making nests birds important jean explained nests help birds feel home zoo jean say birds bronx zoo don live cages live settings setting space looks birds real home zookeepers learn makes kind bird feel comfortable birds need warm need cool places live need trees lots branches
baby birds hatch jean feeds hour knows exactly bird eat feed pieces meat feed fish feed dog food birds put exhibits share space birds guess think jean plays birds thought case jean says kinder leave birds birds happier playing birds zookeeper leave play birds zookeeping hard jean move carries heavy pails hoses exhibits picks big birds zookeeper strong glad exercised jean told play lot sports camping going camping family girl exercise strong helped don think job hard jean added funny things happen jean tell story zookeeper brought pet parrot left parrot ostrich house planned pick end working ostrich house afternoon hot kitchen drink water began drink heard voice hey turned drinking glass water
kate sat front steps house watched birds fly tree tree listened whistled bird flew hello pretty bird kate whispered bird whistled soft sweet sounded hello kate flew kate grinned happily looked saw bird splashing rain water puddle green truck bounced stopped puddle workers truck shovel shovel splash water hole worker pail tar put tar hole worker shovel smooth tar tar soft easy kate watched quietly suddenly bounced stop yelled filled bird swimming pool worker shovel shook head filled holes middle street dangerous filled hurt don sad worker added birds place birds swim yard workers tossed tools pail tar truck kate rode kate hurried house turned knob door inside told mother father birds puddle need birdbath grandmother kate father
nico today grandfather coming visit grandpa perfect match likes things makes visits extra special grandpa plays flute makes sweet sound try imitate sounds makes voice someday flute lessons grandpa play flutes grandpa love run play ball built tree house grandpa visited mom took pictures grandpa start ready grandpa visit mom leaves pick dad bed dad smiling suddenly sits says grandpa sick hard walk talk mom extra helpful visit don believe tell dad remember grandpa big strong climb tree climbed carrying wood hammered longest nails tree house couldn sick feel knot growing inside true grandpa sick true true going fun grandpa help school lessons climb top tree house everyday things play dog hudson grandpa share secrets perfect match grandpa looks white tired
afraid bigelow afraid afraid clouds fall afraid alphabet soup ate letters spelled magic word turn mushroom asked afraid rain carried big red umbrella sunny days bigelow walking busy looking clouds didn look going thing knew heard yelling bigelow looked saw lady running bigelow seen lady screamed lady asked bigelow re giant lady asked bigelow surprise didn think giant thought small lady peered bigelow didn giant asked course size regular size bigelow regular size lady mrs pimberly bigelow politely regular size sure small bigelow started sit house shouted mrs pimberly bigelow found place mrs pimberly house sat mrs pimberly walked close thought giants fierce mrs pimberly believe bigelow regular size fierce fact afraid asked mrs pimberly yes afraid bigelow mrs pimberly looked bigelow wouldn matter re afraid things re giant
carmen rushed fish tank moved side put spider plant light forgotten pedro home heard call loud older brother voice carmen remember plant ran pedro plant miss hall gave wanted light pedro shouted need light carmen took plant table angry pedro felt sure cared fish carmen looked plant washed leaves watered soil plant look needed light find give pedro carmen asked mama beg pedro let electric light ten minutes working mama carmen wondered light anyway wouldn hurt pedro fish wouldn mind pushed tank side put spider plant electric light minutes later mrs morales lived door asked carmen care daughter maria market carmen mrs morales stayed maria clock finally left morales apartment pedro coming steps saw remembered plant late pedro ran inside house rushed fish tank
luke big moose lived plains wyoming luke pet goat morning goat watch luke climbed big yellow bus bus took luke road schoolhouse goat stare bus sight danny john lived plains wyoming pet horse luke liked wyoming danny didn danny horse school behaved asked carry papers papers dropped deep hole schoolhouse luke shoved danny john luke carry papers danny carried luke danny school danny horse luke goat school took faraway path flatland red brown bluffs afternoon luke home school goat front house waiting days danny horse afternoon danny luke house holding rope taking horse yelled follow goat luke asked danny shoved goat goat butted goat knows enemies luke horse knows danny put rope horse neck jumped trotted later luke playing goat horse trotted sight ran fast danny dashed
terrific stories write short play acted add games teach find tv movie star interesting talk sports scoop throw jokes find pictures pick stories sure pictures exciting bring words put pictures words ship printed printed magazine sounds pretty simple putting magazine hard magazine days week magazine editor readers magazine children readers magazine reaches lot follow steps glad say michael help planning important step planning means finding things readers want read plan part magazine carefully figure cover week sports star tv star movie star rock roll singer choose exciting cover thing readers look find write story person inside magazine try speak person choose cover look interesting facts ask questions write answers
ready mark set start running race lots young running quickly popular pastimes running part playing tag hide seek getting bases baseball softball running wonderful form exercise popular sport exercise running helps shape keeping shape means staying healthy running shape sport running exciting beautiful watch friend racing popular form running sport compete compete run fastest races called dashes cover short distances races marathons cover distances marathon runners run twenty miles run marathons cool weather cool weather makes easier runners run distances marathons held cities kind friendly competition runners travel country compete popular form running jogging jogging means running comfortable steady pace fast jog jogging person re competing competing means improving bit jog jog fifteen minutes week week jog seventeen minutes means improved jogging minutes
ago colors grey grey black white called greyness morning wizard lived greyness open window look wide land wrong say hard tell rainy days stop sunny days begin wizard stairs dark grey cellar amuse wonderful magic potions spells wizard mixing stirring bit saw strange bottom pot looking stuff exclaimed asked neighbors saw wizard painting house color wizard call blue cried neighbors give course wizard blueness short blue trees blue bees blue wheels evening meals blue wizard pedal blue bicycle look wide blue say perfect blueness perfect blue sad children played games sulked blue backyards mothers fathers sat home stared gloomily blue pictures walls blue living rooms laughs anymore wizard
mountains red fountains red limburger cheese afternoon teas red wizard sail red boat wide red say glorious redness glorious red put bad temper wizard stormed stairs dark red cellar mixed stirred days magic think find color blue yellow red wizard worked pots filled top pots full soon overflowed blue yellow red began mix terrible mess wizard saw happening exclaimed answer danced joyfully cellar wizard mixed red blue color wizard mixed yellow blue color wizard mixed yellow red color hurrah shouted mixed red blue yellow kinds ways look beautiful things wizard finished asked neighbors call purple green orange brown wizard sight sore eyes cried neighbors choose wizard
britain place mentioned ancient greek writers greeks britain legendary place remote mysterious romans found island occupied celtic britons related celtic peoples western europe conquered romans century roman empire crumbling romans withdrew leaving celtic peoples find means defense despite period military success leadership individual king arthur medieval legend culture romanized celts britain collapsed attacks variety enemies principally german tribes north sea hundred fifty anglo saxons multitude wealthy independent lords kings fought kingdoms rising falling add plight anglo saxons fought protect petty kingdoms viking danes began attack half ninth century leadership alfred later grandson athelstan danes defeated country united anglo saxon king middle eleventh century unified land survive invaded conquerers normans english channel instituted culture bringing close anglo saxon epoch english history anglo saxons england brought developed society organized family clan tribe finally kingdom eorls ruling class ceorls bondsmen ancestors captives tribe classes anglo saxon society
king edwin hesitated accept word god paulinus preaching sit hours deliberating religion follow occasions god laying hand head enquired remembered sign king trembled fallen feet paulinus raised friendly voice god helped escape hands enemies feared bounty received kingdom desired remember promise hesitate longer accept faith commands delivered earthly troubles raised glory earthly kingdom henceforward obey reveals save everlasting doom wicked give place eternal kingdom heaven paulinus spoken king answered willing obliged accept faith taught discuss matter principal advisers friends agreement cleansed christ fount paulinus agreed king promise summoned council wise asked turn opinion faith god proclaimed coifi high priest replied hesitation majesty let give careful consideration teaching frankly admit experience religion hitherto professed valueless powerless
folk ballads songs sung common england origins remain mystery composed argument exactly sure created present theories suggest invented local minstrels descendants anglo saxon scops entertained humble village making songs multiple versions ballads exist reasons singers felt free alter parts ballad fit place audience undoubtedly singers change detail improve song ballads earliest correct versions variety match requirements performance fact ballads originally songs committed memory crucial effect form content ballad stanza lines alternating iambic feet fourth lines rhyming fits simple tunes sung frequent refrains repetition lines lord randal suggests chorus listening knew song joining minstrel ballad form allow elaborate detail plot setting character ballads focus crises actions record depending dialogue characters narrator subjects universal themes love death revenge easy understand sung audience easy remember written knows ballads lost survive accident
complete translation bible english late fourteenth century john wycliffe theologian church reformer condemned heretic oversaw translation unauthorized translations appeared early sixteenth century including versions william tyndale miles coverdale finally bible appeared auspices reigning monarch henry viii english bible official endorsement james convened conference hampton court plans laid version bible group translators fifty theologians scholars began centers learning oxford cambridge westminster making extensive previous translations especially tyndale wycliffe issued authorized version fixed firmly imagination english speaking translation able challenge king james bible called noblest monument english prose deserves epithet sheer brilliance language extensive concrete terms images straightforward phrases sentences balance parallelism passages dignified simplicity eminently compatible religious feeling ritual language king james bible profoundly affected succeeding generations writers stamped minds ordinary today forms basic part everyday speech comparison translations bible versions twenty psalm page
studies serve delight ornament ability chief delight privateness retiring ornament discourse ability judgment disposition business expert execute judge particulars general counsels plots marshaling affairs learned spend studies sloth ornament affectation judgment wholly rules humor scholar perfect nature perfected experience natural abilities natural plants need pruning study studies give directions large bounded experience crafty contemn studies simple admire wise teach wisdom won observation read contradict confute believe granted find talk discourse weigh consider books tasted swallowed chewed digested books read parts read curiously read wholly diligence attention books read deputy extracts important arguments meaner sort books distilled books common distilled waters flashy things reading maketh full conference ready writing exact
perchance bell tolls ill knows tolls perchance think caused toll church catholic universal actions belongs baptizes child action concerns child connected head head ingrafted body whereof member buries action concerns mankind author volume dies chapter torn book translated language chapter translated god employs translators pieces translated age sickness war justice god hand translation hand bind scattered leaves library book lie open bell rings sermon calls preacher congregation bell calls brought door sickness contention suit piety dignity religion estimation mingled religious orders ring prayers morning determined ring rose earliest understand aright dignity bell tolls evening prayer glad rising early application
romantic age term describe literature england late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries important english writers period turned values ideas characteristic age reason perceived daring individual imaginative approach literature general romantic writers individual society center vision tended optimists believed possibility progress improvement humanity individuals espoused democratic values large romantic writers understood greatness writers age reason felt need strike directions search fresh ideas forms compatible developing sensibility tended believe augustan dedication common sense experience reasonableness tradition ways admirable resulted limitation vision inability transcend hard facts real glimpse ideal order possibility attitudes approaches closely linked political event importance french revolution began english history period largely story england involvement revolution important british writer responded warmly cry french liberty equality fraternity william wordsworth later declared bliss dawn alive young heaven writers age reason tended regard evil basic part human nature romantic writers generally saw humanity naturally corrupted society institutions religion education government
george gordon lord byron age death uncle title inherited born lame fate adjusted byron father spendthrift army captain playboy died son byron mother descendant james scotland vain tempestuous proud mad byron entered cambridge read latin greek excelled swimming boxing fallen love graduation took customary grand tour europe returning london age published cantos childe harold took seat house lords brilliant speech defending workers wrecked machinery threatened jobs famous overnight enjoying role fair haired boy london society dressed felt poet tried diligently create mysterious air love affairs married nobly born proper annabella milbanke order secure place society end marriage annabella returned parents newborn daughter byron indignant londoners shocked stories egotistical behavior told annabella ostracized bitterly disgusted considered hypocrisies society left england return byron wandered continent socialized prominent carried intrigues ladies claire claremont bore daughter paths byron shelley crossed byron befriended shelley finished childe harold began don juan considered masterpiece wrote shorter poems
minds queen victoria personified spirit nineteenth century england queen united kingdom britain ireland empress india mother children monarchy model respectability righteousness conservatism domestic virtues middle nineteenth century england dominated english acutely conscious success confidently pleased essayist historian macaulay spoke argued english greatest highly civilized saw spread dominion quarter globe created maritime power annihilate quarter hour navies tyre athens carthage venice genoa carried science healing means locomotion correspondence mechanical art manufacture thing promotes convenience perfection ancestors thought magical wrote british dominion macaulay alluded british empire victorian era england controlled earth country history england power grew critical role played beginning century napoleon europe embroiled series bloody wars england isolated channel developing modern industrial ready money skilled force government dedicated leaving business enabled ambitious middle class factory owners invent develop modern production methods period british perfected factory system mass producing goods practice making interchangeable parts system railroads carry raw materials factories finished goods seaports
victoria england nation confident imperial role role characterized global power accomplishment verge twentieth century england economically powerful country vast empire sun set protected unchallenged naval supremacy political social cultural model england influence inescapable victorian period contained controversy conflict sobering reality present social change nineteenth century number offenses punishable death reduced hundred major voting reform bills gave vote male adults women wait acquire full equal voting rights house commons members elected gained control parliament house lords members elected rise commons reflected shift power land owning aristocracy middle class factory owners bankers professionals proud england status workshop condition working class matter exploitation poverty country begun suffer negative aspects factory system grimy towns cities overcrowded slums oppressive sense domination institutions machines reforms education education act require children attend school age thirteen helped create larger literate public audience received dickens enthusiastically increasing audience met writers revolt victorian values
india prime minister semi independent native states northwestern part country brahmin high caste caste ceased meaning father important official gay coloured tag rag bobtail fashioned hindu court purun dass grew felt order things changing wished stand english imitate english believed native official master favour difficult game quiet close mouthed young brahmin helped english education bombay university played coolly rose step step prime minister kingdom say held real power master maharajah king suspicious english railways telegraphs died purun dass stood high young successor tutored englishman took care master credit established schools girls roads started shows agricultural implements published yearly blue book moral material progress foreign office government india delighted native states english progress altogether believe purun dass showed englishman asiatic
george gissing formidable member literary relegated ranks fashioned unreadable soon death forty sixty later despite high praise henry james virginia woolf george orwell thirty books remained print renewed interest gissing books expected print early born wakefield november eldest son chemist brilliant scholastic career owens college university manchester abruptly terminated result college scandal eighteen fleeing autumn disgraced student obtained position teaching french german waltham high school boston restless lonely soon west chicago sold stories chicago tribune end london base remaining twenty married woman university days determined literary career poverty leave permanent mark gissing workers dawn published received scant notice bring journalistic writing reviews local magazines london correspondent russian monthly messenger europe unclassed established important writer specializing realistic treatment london poor produced novels theme finely constructed unremittingly pessimistic
greene born hertfordshire england son headmaster attended berkhamsted school autobiography sort greene recalls child growing war idea happiness going london peter pan loved wholeheartedly favorite scene peter pan fought pirates sword narrowly moment enjoyable horror green lit face captain hook appeared service hatch put poison peter glass dying tinker bell touched consent call audience believed fairies dishonest believed period play scene attractive mermaids disappointment cut reasons think wartime economy later productions dispensed easily house treetops cared wendy die big adventure line echoed adolescence faded mind death common everyday risk greene attended oxford staff london times movie critic literary editor spectator war ii served foreign office themes alienation faith modern sweden mexico africa vietnam haiti conveys themes fast moving inventive stories violence suspense greene important novels reflect roman catholicism
moved village fifteen ago week christmas furniture early morning leisurely train lunch dark reached brighton bitterly cold bus house passengers wind bleak sea unchecked body coach sat huddled fatigue numbing cold faulty havens greatcoats took hour half reach village distance twelve miles couldn find key arrived house door open tumbled regretting heard place huge fire burning grate loaf bread bottles milk stood kitchen table soon began recognize nomadic furniture strange corners found key briefcase carried opened front door step cabbage bag potatoes bunch mimosa couldn wasn sound days village street lighting neighbors school building opposite merely dark bulk dark sky picked vegetables mimosa carried wife enchanted warmed anonymous generosity reinforced hot milk big slugs whiskey toast lovely fire happy bed talked sleep tactfully welcomed knew village
plains ethiopia sun rose seen big cool empty sky flushed rim dark mountains landscape feet gathered dark showed pale gleam grass sheen water red deepened pulsed radiating streaks fire hung sun luminous spider egg white pearl rim mountains suddenly swelled turned red roared horizon drove sky train engine knew swelling heat birds orchestra trees villages mud huts grass straightening dangling flocks dewdrops dwindled dried moving fields business herding hoeing sun regulates living twelve hour cycle sun creature stuff oneself powerful angry responsive mere dispenser pale candlepower england disturbed deepest sense probability sun middle active afternoon filling cold damp remote sky false pathos eleven morning blazing direct hand span centre slant wrong place clock position swollen misshapen watery ghost thing peering chimneypots sun england feminine germany england vision london recall
ball box cats look green box dogs look blue box bird mouse look red box look ball want play cats find ball green box play ball look dogs bird mouse play game play ball ball going house cats run ball going cats house cats want ball want dogs dogs house cats want bird ball bird house look mouse house mouse going house going ball look mouse want play want play ball game bats balls ball game cold play play ball cold want house play ball house want play ball look look socks socks cold socks play ball game cat red socks yellow socks blue socks green socks cold cold socks want play ball
look shops look shops want look shops shop looks shop look look tables shop tables play play house looks shop look jars find red jars blue jars look giant yellow jar want giant jar shop shop table house shop play jar shop shop giant jars shop shop look giant look zoo zoo animals help zoo look zoo help animals wall blue green house animals animal yard look help help wall help wall look help animals wall animals yard look animals wall animal yard look house animals
nicholas wanted hamster mother father tony hamster nicholas nicholas mother crazy furry creatures father remarked tony door re going week nicholas mother think nicholas care hamster jumping chair nicholas shouted answer yes tony hamster stay nicholas week harvey lived shiny cage wire top sliding wall glass front wheel harvey ran inside tony left told nicholas care harvey cage nicholas asked tony leaving sure tony watch disappear halfway garden called hey forgot tell hamsters nocturnal case didn mean nicholas called tony week nicholas took care harvey fed played cleaned cage carefully remembered harvey tony hamster hold harvey hand whisper wish hamster soon week tony coming home evening supper nicholas decided clean harvey cage took kitchen put harvey large carton carefully slid glass panel cage carefully started put glass table sudden crash
jan walked home school slowly question asking hurt inside wasn asked party reached house younger brother bart meet carrying baseball bat want throw ball jan want knew waiting ok bart missed balls hit let stop milk jan finally raced house kitchen smelled spicy warm mother taking fresh baked apple tarts oven offered poured milk sat jan bart kitchen table ate jan thought party school heard suellen christine mary lou talking vicky invitation saturday afternoon quiet wanting gotten wrong mom asked jan clattered table ran upstairs landing low window seat inviting jan curled cushions looked bart practicing batting discouraged thought practices afternoon batting missing trying discouraged gave wasn asked party idea stirred jan mind figure plan invited things remembered puppet aunt lucy christmas handles strings learned manage thought held possibilities
rest care eggs find ants eggs safe top mushroom climbed mushroom stem lost balance slipped wet stem fell puddle waved legs air yelled help drop eggs half drowned watched eggs carried rainwater anya mad matter strength left twisted turned flipped feet splashed side puddle crawled wet tired determined giant shake water joints anya limped eggs water searched eggs looked nest find anya climbed dandelion stem stood top yellow blossom searched flat gray rock saw water wet tired lonely lost eggs nest started lick front left leg comfort huge raindrop hit head knocked dandelion landed upturned oak leaf pool water oak leaf began turn circles water anya felt dizzy crawled stem leaf held grabbed hold leaf tumbled ditch ditch water raced fell stream
dictionary help pronounce words correctly dictionary word find special symbols parentheses symbol stands sounds word look entry word robot special symbols follow entry word explained pronunciation key pronunciation key helps sound symbol stands sample word symbol pronunciation key word tells sound symbol stands symbols robot ro sound symbol stands look word symbol symbol stands sound open look symbols pronunciation robot sound stands sound stands look symbol pronunciation key symbol key words symbol sound look key words symbol sound words word robot written syllables pronunciation tells say syllables black mark syllables called accent mark tells syllable stressed accented accent mark comes syllable accented stressed syllable accented robot symbol syllable syllable accented symbol heard syllables stressed accented find pronunciation symbols dictionary entry stand
museum natural history look skeletons monsters lived ago thinking tame train carry backs scary certainly fun ride diplodocus longest dinosaur school buses ride middle river stop head reach bank tail busy nibbling water plants set tollbooth wanted short cut river sign say stop pay toll suppertime ride home neat ride pteranodon looks giant bat fly school loop loop school buildings children dash windows teachers glide soar swoop playground drop leaflets teachers mother excuse child school week pteranodon needs exercise ride brontosaurus big elephants room class climbing extension ladder mother special harness hold thundering town wave top floors office buildings surprised wave home stop ball park game looking fence
ago shopped differently today ask grocer item wanted meant customer wait served meant lot grocer busy grocer idea let customers pick wanted serve stack baskets corner store customers pick basket circle store picking needed shopping instant success soon developed today supermarket suppose riding bus windshield wipers stuck snowy woman visiting york city birmingham alabama didn riding trolleys especially rain snow noticed bad weather trolley drivers windshield afraid accident visitor returned alabama decided solve windshield problem attached handle rubber blade extended driver window windshield driver turn handle wipe rain snow window cleaning device driving safer bad weather soon important part automobile suppose lived hundred ago zippers tell button morning tying laces shoes painful stiff
angie poked store didn exactly father birthday left decided turn junkyard lying side found interested homemade wooden shoeshine chair thin straight chair nailed large box drawer drawer pulled open spool chair box nailed platform wooden footrests thing painted sky blue loose rickety nails fix fine thought angie shoeshine chair angie asked whitaker found pieces junk whitaker money fifty cents angie deal whitaker shoeshine chair tell joe deliver house afternoon mrs lee answered doorbell want ma asked mrs lee shoeshine chair ma joe think wrong address wait minute angie angie hall mine mother leave porch joe put chair truck angie father birthday asked mrs lee angie didn find bought looks rickety makes front porch look mrs lee lot possibilities angie angie pleased chair sturdy nails
emperor loved clothes didn care army didn theater wouldn ride park costume show suit hour emperor lived big busy city strangers passed swindlers town told weavers weave beautiful cloth cloth magical power invisible stupid unfit office cloth emperor thought find clever fools think weavers weavers set looms emperor command asked finest silk thread expensive gold needed cloth hid suitcases sat empty looms pretended weave emperor wondered getting cloth ready thought thought fact stupid foolish person wouldn able cloth sure able didn want chances asked send look cloth emperor idea send chief minister
drizzling steadily lower east side york city doorway parents grocery store adan riera watched car splash sidewalk school ended summer days days rained adan wanted play east river park rain thing boy watch cars splash course help father adan enjoyed working store liked smells fruits colors vegetables liked mangoes names felt hands today park watched car spray past rain began fall harder mailcarrier jorge sloshed slapping water hat smiled matter adan face rainy days terrible days re wonderful days re yagua days stop teasing jorge yesterday told vegetables fruits store grown panel trucks yagua yagua puerto rican vegetables fruits grown trucks truck water adan mother father hello jorge look wet feel wetter wonderful feeling yagua feeling mother father liked jorge grown puerto rico telling adan yagua days father si look letter corral viejo yagua days jorge adan father read letter news brother ulise wants mami adan visit plantation weeks
afternoon home school say hello mom check benjy brother grab apple run upstairs drop school bag bed silly gerbil petey banging tin juice crazy glass sides cage making song happy clinks clunks night daddy says comes kiss sleep racket real truth sleep friendly noise maybe building fancy nest cedar shavings shredded burlap put running dizzy exercise wheel prying open sunflower seed paws tiny sharp teeth washing funny mouse face grooming funny mouse tail hears knows sound voice stops sits hind paws looks bright brown eyes put hand cage whisks afternoon home late ice skating beginning dark room huddled corner cage shivering call petey home want piece apple want sunflower seed sit bad going happen
things alike read paragraph elephant paragraph frog talk ways animals alike elephant big animal lives jungle eats grass leaves trees fruit trunk reach food eats frog small animal lives pond eats insects tiny fish tongue catch food eats elephant frog animals alike ways size lives someplace eats foods catches grabs food read paragraphs follow compare penguin flamingo questions follow paragraphs penguin bird lays eggs builds nest black white feathers small sharp beak lives places weather cold sees ice snow penguin fly wings small swimmer flamingo bird lays eggs builds nest pink feathers large beak lives warm places sees grass trees flamingo swim flier
scotts sold house began clear held sale buy furniture dishes gussie wandered things carried wailing wringing hands house empty scotts closed door house sadly gussie don cried gussie anguish window attic apartment scotts gussie waved handkerchief ghostly tears streaming face car lost sight house empty gussie lonely mouse move inquired gussie shook head re going tear house place course mouse carelessly mouse find house cried gussie suppose mouse indifferently gussie hastily gathered bang clank equipment mouse mouse led hole dry leaves woods mouse dived gussie set bang clank equipment door began squeeze hole ghostly ghost held breath terribly tight fit mouse popped impatiently hole don crossly help gasped gussie mouse popped hole grabbed gussie legs gussie wiggled mouse pulled gussie found black blue mouse house re going crowd complained mouse gussie small didn want bother soon saw mouse muttering stamping
children called gary mrs hurry dear friends late school gary pulled mouth squinted eyes blinked say word penelope squawked gary eating breakfast hurry slowpoke gary ashamed look mother rushed penelope yelled hurry slowpoke bell ringing gary home school afternoon kissed mother mother apologized mrs morse today week monitor scissors penelope yelled boss gary turned penelope rude bird don hush put cloth cage penelope blinked hush hear want tell gary mother think home penelope gary return penelope mrs wiggle gary yes mother stay play mrs think home practice music lesson tomorrow gary started draw mouth squint eyes blink suddenly looked penelope turned mouth opened eyes smiled mother home return rude penelope
middle immense ocean thousand miles nearest shore sight eye stick driftwood hold try swim home amos wondered try stay afloat swim mile thousand decided afloat treading water hoping knows turn save shark big fish horse mackerel turned supposed protect didn morning getting terribly tired small cold wet worried mouse sight empty sea things bad began rain rain stopped noonday sun gave bit cheer warmth vast loneliness strength giving began wonder drown feel awful asking dreadful questions huge head burst surface water loomed whale sort fish whale asked kind fish amos mouse mammal live land curly clams cuttlefish whale mammal live sea call boris added
happened storm cleared boris lying high dry sand losing moisture hot sun needing desperately water amos beach damage hurricane yetta course boris amos recognized don tell friends felt meeting desperate situation amos rushed boris boris look amos amos help mountain whale mote mouse think die don water soon amos gazed boris agony pity realized fast think fast suddenly afraid won able help boris wants fellow amos felt middle ocean boris felt lying shore sure die preparing die amos racing biggest elephants find wasting goodhearted elephants pushing boris huge body began turning breaded sand rolling sea amos standing head elephants yelled instructions heard minutes boris water waves washing feeling wonderful wetness
carla want play carla lulu fun house game play hide look lulu run hide hide lulu carla carla lulu hide hide carla carla lulu hide lulu carla looking bird carla put bird box carla bird bird bird carla lulu carla lulu bird sam carla wanted sam sing sam sing carla put flowers box flowers sam sing carla jumped sam sing sam sing sam box carla lulu box place bird carla bird fly box lulu fly carla sam sam sam flying carla singing carla lulu sam flying play carla lulu jumped table carla laughed bird carla lulu fly tables sing
agree things diane sergio amy health likely heard parents teachers adequate diet exercise important health things think important health thought things health thought health defining health easy tried able develop definition pleases safe say health involves physical mental social aspects think physical health terms fitness fit fitness means energy daily leisure activities physical health sick hand fit occasionally cold influenza flu illness person disease diabetes disability deafness physically healthy ways mental health involves intellectual emotional aspects feel involves knowing want able live comfortably mental health means capable dealing problems face physical health mental health absence disorder neurosis psychosis person mentally healthy general occasionally unhappy unable deal problems
stimulus results called stressor stressor physical injury infection test football game demands friend matter stressor body responds word stress referring feelings physical special expressions describe fear anger emotions stress expressions jittery uptight butterflies stomach bent shape blew top upset tense expressions differ friends feelings familiar experiences pounding heart shaky legs sweaty palms unwanted blush signs stress stress response protective device imagine walking jungle suddenly find face face snarling tiger message tiger races brain eyes immediately stress response occurs physical release adrenalin increased heart breathing rate give strength ready fight run fast attempt protect seeing tiger stressor physical stress stressor fear experience giving speech meeting tiger fight run stressors stand give speech body quick surge energy reason find perspiring shaking stage fright stressful situations choice simple fight flight body prepares
likely parent teacher friend meant information change specific straighten posture replace blank expression smile change dirty jeans cleaner clothes scientists discovered similar information body function able change control body function information body functions heart rate blood flow temperature muscle tension stomach contractions brain waves conscious control internal body functions thought impossible recent experiments show learn control body functions learning depends biofeedback feeding biological information biological information body functions provided special monitoring devices experiment involved woman severe headaches times week unable relief medicines doctors felt headaches result tense head muscles caused uneven flow blood brain biofeedback training suggested attempt help woman monitoring device fingers muscles head temperature fingers monitoring device gave signal give sound give blinking light muscles head tense kind signal daily practice monitoring equipment providing information woman learned relax muscles head increase blood flow fingers
instances physician inserts needle giving shot physician immunizing patient infectious disease physicians inserting needles purpose fine needles steel copper practice acupuncture acupuncture ancient chinese art appears ease pain relieve disease conditions human body acupuncture involves insertion needles body hundred specific points loci according chinese tradition loci connected meridians channellike pathways vital energy flows meridians illness results flow energy meridians blocked stimulation loci needles restores normal flow energy resulting health explanation acupuncture rejected modern medical scientists point loci meridians related human nervous system theories offered explain acupuncture works suggests insertion needles surface skin interferes pain signals parts body brain acupuncture remains medical mystery effective reducing pain recently established pain clinics acupuncture relieve pain caused arthritis injury ability control pain patient fully conscious acupuncture produce anesthesia surgery dental extractions childbirth acupuncture include treatment bronchial asthma allergies acupuncture potential considered cure medical authorities recommend physicians dentists acupuncture experimental procedure
balanced diet nutrients amounts important remember food nutrients perfect food nutrients eating variety foods help nutrients need sure eating variety foods choose foods basic food groups shown pages select kinds foods group sure food groups represented daily diet point understand balanced diet needed normal growth development balanced diet affects school felt tired cranky halfway morning didn breakfast occurs brain rest body deprived energy supplying nutrients digestion carbohydrates broken simple sugars glucose main form sugar cells enters blood supplies cells energy amount glucose blood called blood sugar level muscles need glucose muscles supplied amount glucose tired eating high carbohydrate breakfast orange juice toast quickly raise energy level carbohydrates digested rapidly rapid increase blood sugar level energy blood sugar level falls begin feel hungry tired
inadequate diet sleep physical fatigue feel tired middle morning haven eaten breakfast skip breakfast realize functioning sleep night fatigue afternoon generally physical fatigue simple relieve body signal proper food rest ill complain fatigue kind fatigue comes quickly muscle weakness muscle exertion person tire quickly usual regular exercise physical feel faint climbing flight stairs anemia pneumonia influenza diabetes mononucleosis hepatitis diseases fatigue case symptoms visit physician illness person suffer fatigue weakness days case fatigue body signal refrain returning quickly heavy exercise schedule tension stress dissatisfaction frustration emotional fatigue late tardy school receive punishment tardy low grade test lose gym suit argument friend finally home feel moving cement blocks tiredness feel emotional fatigue emotional fatigue caused extreme boredom caused concentrating task studying exam period rest
hello jean paul history class hi paul starting assignment looks finished pretty interesting called show friday eat want sounds pretty couple movies wanting talk tomorrow class decide jean paul date modern american society dating accepted young members opposite sex dating fun involves sharing times movie party picnic restaurant dating formal informal date special dance arranged advance involve preparation date minute casual thing getting study watch tv listen records ride bikes date pairs groups spend concert play instance football game beach group dating enjoyable feels awkward person feel nervous date meeting date family makes mistakes kinds situations nervous don forget date nervous try relax remember consider date feelings won likely worry impression making
mean grow say crystals grow icicles grow trees children grow increase size meaning growth crystal icicle grows materials added top hand living thing grows living thing takes food digests products digestion body building materials living thing bigger grows growth living thing means changing shape proportion addition growth means forming body structures able perform specialized functions growth lead development person case human means person body functions able respond surroundings person develop emotionally socially intellectually physically growth development complete answer humans grow develop live look part body microscope bit skin drop blood cells human begins single cell called zygote inside zygote blueprints human grow develop adult approximately sixty trillion cells zygote divides times produce cells similar shape function soon cells organize layers cells layer begin specialize cell specialized muscle cell develops special ability contract shorter
started school age high school future today result happened growth development taking place affected rest age longer single predicted present rates percent american population persons sixty older chances group think growing maintaining health important future health older person important develop emotional characteristics healthy need stay vital productive aging natural process body cells slow efficient think means sick necessarily aging disease fact cells body age birth studies healthy shown considered normal aging disease senility marked symptoms faulty memory increasing failure solve problems disease senility sign normal aging loss skin muscle tone loss hair color similarly heart attack sign advancing age advancing heart disease
cocaine extracted coca plant found south america pure cocaine medically local anesthetic surgery areas nose throat ears stimulants cocaine temporary feeling improved physical mental powers cocaine heart rate blood pressure body temperature increase continued cocaine psychological dependence intense anxiety depression effects stimulants amphetamines cocaine temporary drug create energy stimulants redirect energy body energy body mind rest person suffer complete collapse death depressant drug slows activities areas brain spinal cord muscles relax slows body reactions depressant drugs tranquilizers relaxation sedatives drowsiness hypnotics sleep barbiturates depressant drugs sedatives hypnotics barbiturates sleep called sleeping pills effects barbiturates include slowed reaction reduced mental functioning memory slurred speech loss inhibitions drowsiness sleep effects similar effects alcohol depressant high doses barbiturates coma death danger death barbiturate abuse multiplies barbiturate alcohol alcohol barbiturates depress slow breathing heart rates combined effect drugs greater simply adding effects drugs added
bacteria microscopic celled organisms shapes photographs show shapes bacteria diseases wonder small organism person feel sick bacteria cells burn food energy cells bacteria produce wastes waste products bacteria poisonous cells body bacteria release wastes fluids surround body cell bacteria increase number produce poisonous wastes affect large number body cells makes sick body defenses stop growth bacteria bacteria stopped growing body removes bacterial poisons begin feel viruses smaller bacteria viruses small electron microscope invented scientists assume existed today hundreds kinds viruses identified viruses responsible infections pathogen known common illnesses colds influenza flu mumps noncancerous tumors warts viruses known leukemia cancer tissues produce blood mice highly likely viruses forms cancer humans viruses unlike bacteria disease producing poisons viruses damage result entering individual body cells body cell invading virus protein energy needs viruses newly viruses begin crowd inside cell cell carry normal functions efficiently
barbara keller investigating unusually high number cancer cases northwestern part dr keller physician works health department epidemiologist team workers medical detectives trying determine environmental factors causing unusual number cancer cases investigate outbreaks infectious diseases including epidemics team members medical doctors doctoral degrees special areas chemistry microbiology received additional training methods field epidemiology epidemic intelligence service eis center disease control atlanta georgia conduct research relationship pathogens disease effects antibiotics bacteria ways control spread infection members epidemiology team include medical technologists chemical microscopic tests examine microscopic slide drop blood determine presence bacteria viruses pathogens medical technologist needs bachelor degree including training approved laboratory medical technologist takes courses microbiology chemistry medical technicians laboratory tests supervision medical technician develops laboratory skills program junior community college medical record technicians program high school write reports gather information individuals medical records veterinarians nurses statisticians calculate mathematical importance collected information epidemiology team specialists local federal health agencies hospitals research institutes
winning losing pollution game lot thought game takes place environment pretty important place environment includes includes things need air food water result environment makes living organism includes ameba bee bird geranium fungus cat interacts environment means living organism depends environment supply needs live living organism takes fuel energy air water environment taking environment half story living organism interacts environment yes organism takes organism living organism environment inevitable wastes alive human wastes include automobile exhaust industrial wastes empty cans kitchen scraps heat noise unwanted unneeded stuff pollution pollution unhealthy affect breathing hearing involves air breathe sounds hear involves water drink soil grow food food eat course alive organism pollutes environment normal situation question fast slow happen slow environment organism recover adjust fast environment unfit healthful living organism unhealthy
addition pathogens organic waste plant nutrients sewage toxic pollutants generally toxic pollutants dissolved result unseen toxic material poisonous means kill injure impair living organism effect small amounts toxic material direct effect resulting cancer birth defects develop immediately materials detergents pesticides food additives plastics synthetic means found nature synthetic materials newly term effects known harmful term effects term effects known making observations periods toxic material discarded end environment end water living organisms consider ddt ddt pesticide control insects toxic effects ddt aimed insects stop ddt found cancer humans affect birds birds poisoned ddt produce eggshells strong egg hatches ddt reaches living organisms part food chains ddt food chain involves hay cows humans hay sprayed ddt ddt enters cows eat hay ddt enters humans drink milk cows ddt food chain involves fish big fish humans chain ddt washed runoff water lake river
throw things need place special wrapping carrots apples reduce waste avoid unnecessary things wrappings reduce waste reuse things throwing try remember throw sight exists materials environment existed continue exist look look created destroyed throw paper bottles exist taking space land fill paper paper glass glass things imitate materials environment materials environment path materials called cycle process called recycling water recycled actually natural materials environment recycled recycling important benefits waste pile needed materials recycling nuisance resource common recycle organic waste composting organic waste leaves grass clippings kitchen scraps manure sewage sludge broken decomposing bacteria compost pile organic waste completely broken compost pile called humus humus fertilize condition soil cities recycle sewage sludge humus
jungle rhinoceros hippopotamus splashing mud look ridiculous rhinoceros hippopotamus mud answered hippopotamus mud makes look ridiculous rhinoceros nose hippopotamus looked nose wrong nose asked don missing rhinoceros asked hippopotamus shook head don horn missing rhinoceros asked horn hippopotamus horn rhinoceros nose horn nose horn looks absolutely ridiculous raising mud hippopotamus looked nose looked rhinoceros horn rhinoceros wouldn look ridiculous thought hippopotamus hippopotamus worrisome thought put head fret fuss fume let settle decided ask met thought looked ridiculous met lion think look ridiculous asked lion lion thought honest opinion want lion began yes hippopotamus say look ridiculous look lion haven mane need glorious mane mine lion shook mane prove truly glorious hard feelings hope lion
difference fact fiction fact known true fact proven true fiction imagined read paragraph winter mervin raccoon knew sure woke morning nose cold brrr put earmuffs woolly hat summer exclaimed paragraph fact fiction raccoons wear earmuffs woolly hats paragraph fiction mervin believe raccoon read paragraph france gave united states wonderful gift called statue liberty climb narrow stairs inside statue york city top paragraph fact fiction paragraph fact information true check information book encyclopedia barbara found giant apple tree apples purple looked barbara reached pick apples hey cried huge apple stars sky stars hotter stars white blue stars sun yellow green orange read story sally ride scientist astronaut decide fact fiction
morning rex saw dr szabo talking excitedly won believe dr szabo dear friend mine sold circus spain bear sell elephants don carlos smart trained children decided give caravan yesterday saying need elephants saying rex interrupted wouldn elephants loved elephants dr szabo noble intelligent animals rex expect elephants don managed weeks later elephants arrived cattle truck drivers elephants trouble driver stupid exclaimed dr szabo smart trained let show carlos move don called elephants wouldn move rex tried fellow boy elephants stared clapped hands times didn end took twelve push pull elephants animal tent dr szabo angry turned rex ok big elephant trainer think elephants smart train rex worked elephants matter don carlos move rex couldn animals sit wouldn walk don carlos looked sadly rex tried week passed
dictionary glossary wonderful tool help learn words mean guide words found top dictionary glossary page help find word want guide words words page check word looking comes alphabetically guide words top page word found page dictionary glossary entry words information word entry word word looking entry word listed alphabetical order definition definition tells entry word means entry word information called entry entry picture entry sentence entry word sentence printed special type sentence help understand word means look entry word desire sentence entry desire desire travel sentences look meaning word sure look sentences show word times word special ending entry dictionary glossary find meaning word ending added need look root word look entry desire look words printed dark print end entry words desired desiring show endings root word desire
pete yelled stopped running scooter stopped throwing jenny ran left field pete base disappeared fine thing pete pete captain jets hit double base stole yelled scooter jumped stole poked pete ribs giants yelled scooter stole quiet scooter yelled pete giants steal bad yes jenny slowly stole carted children stared dirt base jenny looking orange towel base yelled scooter ran check piece green carpet pete base red black car cushion disappeared pete mom sit driving car pete father brought home car cushion put cushion abner doghouse abner pete dog funny dog didn dog food didn dog biscuits liked graham crackers butter honey didn doghouses liked pete bedroom jets needed base pete took abner red black car cushion abner slept doghouse anyway slept pete bedroom night abner jump bed pete pete nice soft bed nice big pillow
jack worked garden week decided climb beanstalk reached top woman fed jack ate quickly hid basket soon jack hidden giant door giant sniffed roared fee fi fo fum smell blood englishman dinner smell woman sit eat giant eaten dinner took beautiful golden harp put table play harp magic harp played beautiful song soon giant fell asleep jack crawled basket took harp started beanstalk suddenly harp shouted master master giant woke saw jack ran jack reached grab jack giant tripped jack climbed beanstalk fast yelling mother mother bring ax jack hear giant coming beanstalk jack reached bottom mother gave ax quickly jack chopped beanstalk crashed ground end giant jack mother need house garden gold buy food clothes hen lay golden eggs harp play songs lived happily
tina home called tiny tina grew taller taller school grandma called tiny tina tiny tina getting tall say fine lots tall family true tina family tall tina liked proud look family school tina tallest girl class fine tina teacher say tina rearrange papers top shelf closet tina tell happily tina legs run fast school call robbie bet catch re robbie say win legs course tina unhappy tall school tired sitting seat row home getting tall squeeze favorite hiding place round table tina tall expected act grown beth beth tina older sister tina wasn grown beth things hard boy named jonathan moved tina neighborhood class school afternoon home jonathan shouted tina string bean string bean tina children laughed called tall tina look tall tina tina upset ran home looking
edward bear known friends winnie pooh pooh short walking forest humming proudly hum morning stoutness exercises front glass la la la la stretched high la la la help la tried reach toes breakfast learned heart humming properly humming hum walking gaily wondering felt suddenly sandy bank bank large hole aha pooh rum tum um tum hole means rabbit rabbit means company company means food listening humming rum tum tum um bent put head hole called home sudden scuffling noise inside hole silence home called pooh loudly voice added shout loud heard bother pooh winnie pooh took head hole thought thought put head hole hallo rabbit
night fehr house asleep kind animal coyote comes woods sniffs buildings stops hen house silently paws rope holds door shut rope comes loose coyote pushes door enter hen house suddenly shrill screech goes night fehr house wakes fehr throws clothes quickly grabs gun goes rest family crowd window happening mary tries sleep won think wolf woods fehr sees coyote bright light snow aims gun fires shot misses coyote turns snarling quickly runs hen house fehr fires coyote takes disappears hill fehr goes hen house looks inside sure chickens carefully ties door tight return house sees feet wolf pup wagging tail warned fehr says bends takes puppy hands looks tough fellow afraid cold coyotes maybe earn carries pup house mrs fehr lit oil lamp waiting mary children excited wolf pup
chameleon took taxi perfect pickle company driver let inside sliding pale tan walls matching perfectly laboratories sign door chameleon opened saw tables bottles jars tubs pickles formula waited tub soon scientist white coat beard pale orange hung buttons pleasant pickle formula wheezed pleasant pickle company soon business hee hee hee sprinkled bit salt pickle tub chameleon perfect pickle company millions shouted millions heavens assistant coming door wrong wrong roared scientist wrong bottle brain formula asked assistant scientist flinging table chameleon slid pickle tub formula scientist hand turned skin white table crept slowly scientist reached formula chameleon slipped underneath clung top scientist turning paper chameleon flipped front side formula fell table clunk chameleon slid bottom lay skin matched words underneath perfectly crinkleroot juice wait snapped scientist staring page eyes looking formula eyes assistant quiet lettucehead bottom
irving wanted ride bicycle imagined racing wind hinkle street irving problem afraid bike irving idea bike scared big maybe bike smaller irving put blocks pedals lowered handlebars lowered seat took deep breath hopped legs worked pedals bike began move riding riding shouted headed hinkle street irving problem afraid ride bicycle thought bike big irving solve problem irving bike smaller tell things irving bike smaller think irving solution let look ways irving solved problem irving asked parents buy smaller bike think solution fair irving ask parents buy bike irving put bike grown taller think solution irving wait ride bike solutions irving solution helped ride bike
airplanes trains cars walked rode backs animals wagons carriages baron karl drais von germany tired touring land foot carriage wanted easier invented bicycle baron bicycle success began countries bicycle wasn cheap believe bicycle cost today money took develop bicycle inexpensive buy thought bicycle put wondered works bicycle looks simple metal frame joining wheels handlebars front pedals part simple making took lot effort lot thought frame wheels useless wouldn move wheels brakes dangerous difficult stop brakes wheels frame handlebars impossible steer part bicycle important role plays machine works frame bicycle holds parts skeleton holds parts body frame strong light bicycle frame wood held wheels wood
andrew marcus wanted freckles nicky lane freckles million covered face ears neck andrew didn freckles freckles nicky mother neck dirty wouldn wash late school andrew plenty look nicky freckles sat class tried count eighty miss kelly called andrew paying attention later bell rang andrew poked nicky lane want nicky asked turning wondering freckles andrew yeah andrew felt pretty stupid mean born andrew thought nicky say help psst girl named sharon whispered andrew andrew asked freckles sharon asked andrew wanted heard ask nicky want sharon asked maybe andrew told cost fifty cents secret recipe freckle juice sharon whispered secret recipe don freckles andrew look close sharon nose big deal lot want sharon told andrew depends freckle juice drink andrew didn believe sharon minute minute thing freckle juice
andrew ran home secret recipe freckle juice folded carefully bottom andrew shoe going put inside sock afraid foot sweaty ink blur wouldn able read windy happen mind read home didn want waste getting wasn fastest reader anyway gotten fall hard words figure andrew dashed house unlocked front door took shoe soon inside pulled secret recipe sat floor read sharon secret recipe freckle juice glass makes average amount freckles nicky lane drink glasses mix things stir drink fast faster drink faster freckles andrew read list didn sound secret recipe mother things course didn maybe secret part paid fifty cents find chose big blue glass start glassful drink wanted freckles point overdoing mother put ingredients glass smelled awful plain awful hold nose drank
andrew miss kelly directions magic freckle remover smelled lemons andrew times freckles wrapped walked classroom miss kelly smiled andrew worked yes miss kelly sure andrew look fine andrew think re handsome boy freckles andrew yes miss kelly miss kelly nicky lane called raising hand waving nicky miss kelly asked magic freckle remover nicky asked miss kelly hate freckles hate single andrew couldn believe nicky hate freckles neat nicky miss kelly andrew didn look freckles look wonderful hate re part going put magic formula hope andrew thought freckles class lined home andrew heard sharon whisper nicky rid rid nicky asked freckles exclaimed sure secret recipe removing freckles family sell fifty cents sharon walked alongside andrew andrew say word sharon super frog face
geologists believe earth approximately billion according theories planet began flaming mass gas steam slowly cooled hardened millions clouds dropped rain hot surface heat turned rain steam rose part overhanging clouds earth cooled falling water filled hollows deep oceans shallow seas covered planet oceans seas living things appeared begins story earth scientists believe living things existed billion ago simple celled water dwelling plants animals tiny bits living matter bony structures advanced forms developed composed cell jellyfish worms snails crabs fish appeared water earliest animal forms lived water developed amphibians live land water later reptiles snakes lizards appeared birds complex animals developed stages animal development took millions conditions easy early forms survive struggle living things strong forces nature plants animals survive stronger generations changed meet changing conditions earth animals changed deal millions ago horses foot centimeters high toed front feet toed hind feet
engineers began build railroad indus valley workers prepared area uncovered large numbers bricks promptly laying railroad bed uncovered ornaments small figures carried mementos local villagers actually destroying evidence ancient existed centuries thought discoveries british government began study area archaeologists discovered remains learn railroad workers found bricks city harappa found red limestone sculpture delicate jewelry graveyards pottery tools city developed advanced civilization egyptians sumerians civilization covered huge area arabian sea city delhi harappa discovered british american indian archaeologists learned ancient culture remains villages towns found source information city miles kilometers southwest harappa map called ancient india page chapter city laid blocks streets paved bricks lined shops windows houses faced interior courtyards street light fresh air window grills red clay alabaster white marble stone staircases led roof tops families enjoyed cool night air houses indoor toilets larger houses baths
country geography influences live aspects geography importance countries india climate striking geographic influence china land china covers area larger united states china borders sea jungles mountains deserts natural barriers hampered invaders parts century wide salt marshes seacoast lack harbors stopped invaders east south mountains thick jungles indochina natural border west rugged plateau tibet thousand feet meters sea level towering himalayas protected china north northwest outsiders periodically successful invading china gobi huge desert mongolia parts central asia home nomadic tribes called huns thousands dry regions farming huns moved settlements season herds grazed vast scanty grasslands dry grass herds tribes begin push south fertile valleys china isolation china fact neighboring peoples lived nomads farmers city led chinese think superior spoke country middle kingdom considered center lived barren wastes central asia live outer kingdoms china natural features isolated parts country
charlemagne appointed counts run counties districts divided empire law order agents called missi dominici messengers lord missi traveling pairs visited county annually checked local courts reported findings charlemagne borders set defense districts called marches charlemagne modeled capital la present aachen west germany roman cities imported statues marble italian peninsula improve beauty city la famous revival learning called carolingian renaissance charlemagne urged priests study improve education sponsored refinement system handwriting generously supported church schools boys taught christian doctrine arithmetic grammar singing rebirth learning charlemagne rule helped preserve roman culture continue development civilization western christendom charlemagne traveled rome attending church services christmas pope crown king head declared charles augustus crowned god pacific emperor romans victory pope planned action charlemagne knowledge unknown ceremony proved idea roman empire alive strong desire bring political unity imperial rome coronation illustrated theme medieval history struggle church crowning charlemagne pope showed approval charlemagne rule charlemagne emperor grace god church side positive gain king
byzantine empire lasted produced forms art architecture preserved contributions ancient greece rome byzantine influence reached empire borders felt slavs living north black sea slavs ancestors present russians adopted byzantines religion orthodox christianity written literature early russians build strong byzantines russian political organization grouping city states leadership city kiev centuries kiev close ties christendom kiev christianity spread rest russia civil war broke ruling princes kievan internally weak conquered mongols asia early century mongols ruled russia centuries hold country finally broken series strong princes moscow city central russia defeated battle began form russian chapter tells eastern empire survived fall rome byzantines important contributions fields kiev russian mongols conquered ruled russia southeastern europe peninsula black aegean seas lies modern city istanbul site greek colony called byzantium begun century colony fell roman control constantine emperor rome ordered city built site greek colony capital roman empire city named constantinople city constantine
arabs mohammad knowledge physical natural sciences desire trade increased traveling promoted need understanding mathematics astronomy umayyad abbasside rulers tolerant ideas early abbasside caliphs encouraged paid systematic translation books science philosophy greeks eagerly studied works aristotle euclid ptolemy archimedes galen translated arabic europe rediscovered classics muslim spain crusades syria palestine addition preserving greek knowledge muslims contributed original information theory medicine mathematics astronomy chemistry physics muslim achievements noteworthy islamic medicine known muslim achievements partly century ago western schools medicine stopped including islamic medical practices books part requirements equipped hospitals medical schools located principal cities muslim empire superstition hampered practice medicine christendom muslim physicians basing practices careful observation patient symptoms effect treatment diagnosed diseases prescribed cures performed surgery pharmacies common druggists pass examination order practice doctors licensed trained medical schools hospitals caliphs willing pay medical services poor rural areas supported examinations license system medicine health care highly developed muslim hospital bagdad established harun al greatest muslim physicians century figure al known west rhazes
height tang china included lands korea manchuria west tibet central asia jaxartes river map called china chapter area nobles princes vassals chinese emperor chinese hold territory arabs intent spreading islam defeated chinese central asia took province turkestan converted nomadic turkic living tang dynasty end weakened warfare borders political corruption empire weak dynasties tangs strong dynasty sung power sung rule fierce nomadic tribes wall constant danger soon dynasty established nomadic group manchuria began fight northern china sung emperors believed need fight nomads tried appease bribes money silks encouraged nomads ask sungs tried bribe group barbarians destroy trick worked victors grew strong turned china captured chinese emperor set chin dynasty related earlier ch northern china capital chin empire peking sung dynasty destroyed son captured emperor capital hangchow southern china chinese empires chin north sung south chinese history seen succession dynasties beginning strong prosperous
yoritomo japan entered feudal age lasted nearly feudal age divided major periods kamakura shogunate ashikaga shogunate tokugawa shogunate samurai warriors important class feudal period key military governmental power shoguns loyalty samurai class unlike european feudalism loyalty samurai knights legal contractual obligation moral tie samurai developed code conduct called bushido warrior bushido stressed unswerving loyalty kind spartan spirit indifference pain hardship suicide means seppuku preferred dishonor surrender code survived modern times japan samurai wore light armor weighed pounds agile battlefield main weapon sword stories told perfection blades swords split hair floating space slice stack coins leaving scratch blade kamakura shoguns created order japan samurai rule greatest test overseas mongol ruler china kublai khan invasions conquer island neighbor final attempt soldiers carried fleet conquer japan mongols able force landing samurai fought desperately typhoon destroyed mongol supply ships invaders forced withdraw losing ships soldiers japanese gratefully called typhoon kamikaze divine wind
group english scholars studied medicine greek italy brought humanism england return english humanists gathered oxford university known oxford reformers teachers preachers authors tried bring learning england students sir thomas humanist carried correspondence erasmus lawyer served government posts king henry viii known book utopia perfect society real compare society backdoor attack society evils later led laws helped poor painters low countries belgium netherlands began early break medieval ways started painting ways italian renaissance art reached northern europe jan van born painted realistic landscapes portraits carefully showed trees grass flowers appeared nature van invented oil paints skill italian painters impressed artists northern europe admired italians perspective mastery anatomy earliest study italy german albrecht durer visited italy artists high social level amazed noted lord home parasite durer put medieval renaissance styles number woodcuts engravings illustrate printed books german artist hans holbein younger appointed court painter king henry viii england known lifelike portraits royal family
trouble began elizabeth died james king scotland king england stuart king james strongly believed divine kings believed stop wanted english parliament tradition checked royal power james ideas unwise constant need money parliament showed anger refusing give funds constant battle raised important issue king parliament supreme power addition classes important century england gentry landowners ranked nobility merchants manufacturers representatives house commons groups tried gain political power king expense religion problem worse roman catholics hoped england catholic country calvinist protestants wanted pure anglican church free remaining catholic church influence puritans members gentry middle class parliament members wanted political power james died son took throne charles parliament puritan members suspicious charles father refused vote money wanted charles tried raise money forcing subjects payments government rich pay put prison poor army parliament tried stop tactics charles dismissed ruled eleven
liberalism nationalism dangerous peace vienna movements grew rapidly cities growth commercial industrial professional classes fastest city middle classes leaders support liberal programs nationalistic movements liberals wanted monarchy republic agreed need parliaments spoke nineteenth century liberals believe voice government seeking give vote adult male owned property aimed broaden base government liberals believed governments protect rights speak write gather freely meetings believed persons treated equals law nationalists favored liberal programs main goal rule shared language customs culture decide form government needed determination freedom foreign rule nationalists felt true patriots rule unification divided country nationalists hungary wanted freedom austrian rule german patriots disunity german confederation drew vienna settlement completely nationalistic feelings stand powers stated publicly metternich powers rightly move put revolutions austrian troops crushed liberal revolts italy french troops ended revolt spain greek nationalists rose ottoman turks england france russia joined fight gain greek freedom turkish rule
kinds reforms western european governments showed influence voters politics european states paid attention social problems big towns mechanized industry meant voters industrial wage earning classes voters wanted governments active social affairs nations british government passed bills regulate working conditions factories mines mills began fields passed laws govern housing public health education act completed building national system primary secondary education liberal party power stronger reforms granted legal holidays pay passed national insurance act act required contributions employers workers gave working population guaranteed income absence due sickness kinds workers unemployment insurance britain copied germany leader social legislation german government hoped weaken socialism passing laws aimed common problems urban industrial sickness accident age later workers free medical hospital care factory codes child labor laws france industrialization urbanization slowly social legislation slower laws passed limited women hour workday provided part pensions accident insurance hour workday general week wasmade legal countries leads britain germany france
war ii africa south sahara populated mainly black controlled european nations britain france belgium portugal war ii independence movements swept black africa amazing speed states entire african continent free independent african states represented total membership united nations rush independence created difficulties colonial rule peoples black african countries allowed participate government mainly local levels nations prepared national government african states strong traditions political unity common language colonial language french english citizens read write able university educations european rule century european colonists created political systems paid attention african ways tribal groups common ruled colonial unit practical means europeans colonialism ended artificial units gained independence africans begun identify units instance kenyans ugandans nigerians regarded primarily tribal members hausa members religious group muslim loyalties led hostilities feuds civil wars lack education political experience tribal rivalries superpower competition led tragic results zaire belgian congo belgians suddenly announced giving colony
brazil largest country area covers half south america land half south america millions square miles hectares unused fertile land greatest reserves iron ore productive economy brazil potential powerful nation realization potential modernization industrialization central theme brazil history end war ii brazil economy depended export coffee government dominated powerful coffee growers politician rancher named getulio vargas seized power help army vargas dictator ruled brazil quarter century began push industrialization encouraged growing crops coffee vargas improved working conditions laborers promoted elementary education restricted child labor vargas died brazil started industrial revolution large factories produce iron steel automobiles textiles decade brazil series civilian presidents determined continue modernization industry grew high rate period capital city brasilia built brasilia deliberately located settled coastal region encourage brazilians move develop interior country modernization depended huge foreign investment loans country deeply debt prices rose quickly dishonesty corruption government problem brazilian army officers overthrew civilian government set military dictatorship
early population reached billion million needed population reach billion fourth billion added rapid increase population took place countries improved health sanitation led sharp fall death rates birth rates remained high death rate india half population grew faster food supply india countries helped poverty malnutrition millions varying success underdeveloped nations tried limit population growth farm families poor countries children major source labor countries thing social security children relied support elderly parents nations sought increase food production deal population problems fertile land increased fertilizer presented problems fertilizer depended money buy product build factories poor countries money industrialized countries aware air water soil pollution dangers things countries rich gave pollution automobiles airplanes factories furnaces contributed air pollution careless dumping faulty storage toxic chemical wastes industry brought severe problems soil water pollution affected underground water supplies food
sports magazines carry interviews athletes talk psyching opponents newspapers report stories governments psychological warfare enemies friend tells stomach flu morning midterm exams psychological want friends saturday night assignment weekend row say going psychology brian casually drop information laurie scheduled saturday night laurie person brian interested getting later complain re going miss fun saturday night re scheduled brian generously offers switch nights psychology term encounter form able give accurate definition psychologists define psychology scientific study behavior living things let definition means psychologists try approach studies methods sciences scientists psychologists study natural events learn force acts bringing end result specific methods psychologists length chapters psychology skills handbook section book unlike chemists physicists psychologists dealing living things complicates studying human subjects scientifically especially big order purely rational thinking beings pretend fact bundles emotions feelings prejudices anxieties
size constancy perceive known object size look distances instance suppose standing fifty yards smaller height feet retinal image cast nearby larger eye brain tell height perceiving size farther person include distance correct size difference images retina check close eye hold quarter foot front eye turn quarter eye ordinary lampshade twelve feet shade covered quarter tell quarter bigger lampshade corrected image perceived allow distance corrected fit lampshades bigger quarters perception fooled apparent similarity size prior knowledge perception size constancy tests babies ability inborn learned early shape object perceived constant matter angle viewed believed perceive objects environment separately add pieces jigsaw puzzle view longer widely held principles gestalt psychology reflect approach
pavlov scientific approach conditioning explains deal everyday experience paired stimuli movies lights suddenly lowered stop talking friends wait film begin driving hear siren pull side road emergency vehicle approaching person seen movie heard siren responses learn associate variety signals learned associations natural human things common signal stimulus thing signaled response experienced close space related occur frequently provide consistent reliable pattern learning associations helps sense sights sounds confront morning night pavlov encouraged psychologists carry conditioning experiments experiments led discoveries conditioned learning important discoveries follow psychologists found stimuli similar animals respond called generalization pavlov dogs conditioned bell produce conditioned salivary response hearing similar bell tone humans baby frightened beard frightened beards generalization apply learned situation similar situations learn siren means approaching emergency vehicle trouble adjusting siren sounds vehicles
basic criticisms intelligence tests tests test scores interpreted psychologists agree intelligence tests give accurate measure person performance types problem solving tasks kind problem solving ability success school types jobs iq test scores predictors school success psychologists argue iq score give accurate representation person intellectual capacity intelligence tests notmeasure things person ability develop ideas question assumptions underlying iq scores mistakenly interpreted indicating limits person intellectual capacity factors intelligence affect iq score reason psychologists believe iq scores viewed caution indicators intellectual ability studies show values child family ethnic group social class affect performance test children brought compete generally tests brought competitive anxiety levels influence test performance children anxious test situations perform ability expectations child parents teachers influence test results children feel confident succeed fulfill adults expectations things cultural personality factors affect child performance test child health mood test big influence test results children past experience test taking generally previous experience tests
infants display feelings heard parent say patty quiet baby understand peter cries known behavior child caregivers influenced child happy parent likely develop happy child rejecting parent develop child feels rejected recent reports point ways child influences parent smiling child affection fondling difficult demanding baby attention provoke adult temper try patience cycle accepting rejecting continue childhood baby baby caregivers influence psychoanalyst erik erikson early period child crucial development calls trust infant caregivers fulfill child needs comforting establish baby sense trust child experience environment orderly predictable develops according erikson attitude mistrust affect emotional beginning months child forms social attachment mother primary caregiver added physical attachment exists critical period erikson believes mistrust develop separation primary caregiver separation harm child emotional development months age mistrust exposure unfamiliar environment according erikson later periodof infancy mother primary caregiver protective figure child depends security
psychologists support daycare programs children disagreement child attending daycare older current consensus psychologists daycare centers children younger difference approach putting child daycare center goes question harm child capacity future relationships separated mother young age hours psychoanalyst selma fraiberg believes child harmed thinks mother love important love young child recommend giving young child mother substitute mother substitute high quality acknowledges mother substitutes exist feels unfortunately institutional daycare programs poorly funded understaffed provide high quality mother substitutes psychologist urie bronfenbrenner bit positive daycare interview psychology today magazine reviewed evidence question appreciable difference care home care provided conditions met quality care willing pay equally important child spend substantial amount crazy interviewer mean exactly bronfenbrenner mean person irrational involvement child thinks kid important kids love loves return
ordinary stress nudges approaches situations stress keeps adapting everchanging environment cope adapt radical ready stress boredom monotony stressful loneliness stress requires major adjustment turn stress distress think situations shook death friend parent certainly left home security family seriously homesick stress reaction twenty psychologists thomas holmes richard rahe studied effect stresses individuals course based ratings holmes devised scale starting units death spouse scaled units parking ticket called scores change units measure impact weighed health subjects high score believes single average american risk getting sick future table page shows holmes scale scores based average ratings changing personal habits social activities stressful hand getting married impact points shown scale finally physical condition kind help crisis change response stress
remember section sensory neurons inside body monitor things sugar levels individual cells sugar level found abnormal message relayed hypothalamus neurons peripheral nervous system signals imbalance corrected signal imbalance corrected glands signaled glands release chemical messengers called hormones bloodstream greatly affect behavior functioning body course development word hormone means activator comes greek word excite fact excitable person glands producing oversupply hormones tired person receiving releasing secreting chemical messengers glands direct growth development body coordinate bodily processes hormones traveling bloodstream deliver messages organs signal body generally slow speed needed located center brain pituitary gland secretes number hormones growth hormone responsible development body early receive hormone grow abnormally small dwarfs receive keith abnormally large giants hormones pituitary secretes find glands body glands release hormones chemical command pituitary called master gland endocrine system pituitary receives orders hypothalamus
think impressions happened session class describe happened compare classmates impressions disagreement remember events chances impressions varied considerably awake consciously paying attention bombarded stimuli impressions walked varied personalities waking consciousness waking consciousness determined merely perceptions shape consciousness motivations emotions past experience pay attention aromas coming restaurants re hungry smells times consciousness ignore able study radio tune background sound tuned ears perk hear song need radio turned completely study concentrate concentration broken noise street gurgling radiator waking consciousness highly personal perceive things exactly aware environment concept consciousness fuzzy subjective difficult define psychologist caryl marsh identified basic features waking consciousness awake alert conscious focusing focusing external environment teacher saying song playing traffic drive
lives encounter called mental illness close touched mark vonnegut son novelist kurt vonnegut jr describes encounter mental illness early twenties living friends farm british columbia signs illness occurred started pruning fruit trees saw cut forever completely absorbed sawdust floating gently ground feel saw hand incredible patterns bark muscles arm pulling rushing forward suddenly slowing finish sawing limb miracle branch rest thing happening found unable stick tree branch couple working hours hours sun moved began wonder hurting trees found apologizing tree began personality began wonder liked completely absorbed looking tree began notice slightly shining soft light played branches incredibly wrinkled iridescent face starting small point infinitely distant rushed forward infinitely huge heart stopped moment stretched forever
paranoid reactions types called paranoid acute paranoid disorder type disorder patient delusions changeable organized logical system condition brought type stress disappear stress reduced true paranoia delusional system develops slowly period intricate logical unlike paranoid schizophrenic person suffers true paranoia function realizes help needed paranoid ideas unchallenged friends relatives person needing help appears function areas realize help needed individual refuse therapy assuming therapist part plot type psychotic disorder seen affective psychoses saw affective neuroses disorders centered emotional disturbances likely involve person moods disorders confused ordinary depression experience lives explanation psychotic individual exaggerated moods therapists mood person suffering manic depression alternate extreme highs mania extreme lows depressions extreme moods alternate periods normal moods manic swing individual feels continually elated high develops elaborate ideas past accomplishments future prospects person display energy talk mile minute flit subject subject involved elaborate poorly conceived money making schemes
outgrowth humanistic psychology discussed chapter humanistic therapy approach pioneered carl rogers emphasizes role patient analyst rogers replaced term patient client describing therapy client centered believed person perception problem guide providing insight solving guidance therapist client centered therapy assume part responsibility treating rogers major source person anxiety gap individual real ideal resolving difference important goal therapy demonstrating positive regard client analyst serves sympathetic bystander offers praise blame accepts clients helped clarify reactions client centered therapy nondirective specific advice judgments expressed talking problems sympathetic listener clients able bring awareness attitudes experiences didn working clients rogers tried create conditions allowed express real feelings sense threatened tried encourage greater acceptance rogers theory widely therapeutic technique group therapy sessions encounter groups sensitivity training groups clinical situations feedback therapists patients help person understanding group open freely expresses emotions individuals group find easier release bottled feelings
urban sociologist schorr studied residential dwelling space relation number ills urban society specifically able relate crowded dwellings emotional stress poor physical health feelings anonymity alienation conditions undoubtedly economic origin cruel environment symbol frustration target destruction schorr points merely coping dilapidated housing lack privacy contributes fatigue irritation ultimately alienation case money commitment reduce social alienation improving housing conditions efforts met partial success pruitt public housing project st louis missouri conceived model development designers considered breakthrough efficient contemporary design blessing cramped slum dwellers complex consisted forty eleven story buildings buildings efficient modern rents partially paid government later buildings abandoned demolished project fail compare pruitt complex low income public housing project proved successful marcus garvey square san francisco development consisted story attached townhouses dotted gardens semi public open spaces completion project designer organized discussion group prospective tenants architects urban planners discuss styles occupy buildings tenants participated choosing decorations color schemes homes spelled failure project success factors difference problems pruitt project stemmed primarily planners lack knowledge spatial behavior
random sample assures sample representative population researchers think random sampling methods end unrepresentative samples election pollsters randomly selected names telephone books asked preferred presidential race prediction alf landon republican candidate win unfortunately pollsters overlooked fact republicans democrats telephones sample wisey selected roosevelt won landslide researchers choose children study language learning upper class area city find results studying children settings comparing groups subjects difference researchers sure difference exists groups aspects sample groups equal large sample depends results experimenter expects find consider problem predicting outcome election candidate fact win landslide small sample allowed pollster predict results close race pollster need larger sample kind reasonable prediction election simply close call matter large sample short selecting sample large population principle applies researcher experiment survey psychology researcher believes effect wishes demonstrate weak need large sample detect effect expected powerful smaller sample
statistics important helping psychologists analyze data tricky give valuable information easily confuse misinformation learned fatal accidents occur thirty miles home speeds fifty miles hour learning careful driving close home speed fifty obviously confused statistics drawn false conclusion areas psychological study susceptible problem chapter discussed phenomenon urban environments crowding studies field statistics try prove point influence reader need sure statistics properly properly interpreted tell sure deceived common confusion statistics distinction rates total numbers consider record deaths motor vehicle accidents cities shown graph graph shows definite trend deaths car accidents line added graph showing motor vehicle death rate number deaths miles driven picture number increased rate actually decreased important note carefully study talking rates total numbers averages area statistics needs careful consideration studied types averages mode median mean depending study effect reader explain apparent contradiction
mother bird birds looked found things eat found water drink sing birds singing eating wanted eat drink mother bird find water looked looked looked home birds water asked find mother water birds asked drink mother bird soon light find water need water asked saw water water give asked mother bird home jumping going asked mother water called asked mother bird mother bird looked big pitcher cold water pitcher mother bird asked saw boy leave mother ran pitcher water water bird water pitcher mother bird looked saw small stones give stones
kim pat lived side side ran played laughed side side pat kim play today going buy things want buy kim want pat play kim don need pat kim asked pat walked big pretty orange pat found oranges looked took looked big pretty orange buy kim pat started home soon table pretty orange need table eat orange table give orange give table pat gave orange took table pat orange put table give kim table pat happy pat started home table soon girl book give table give book book put table pat took girl book gave table girl pat table book pat started home soon book
animal quills brown white fur looks full toothpicks give porcupine quills porcupine fur full sharp quills don play quills hurt quills lives cold lives trees likes sit trees quills sit tree days eats tree bark hurt tree eats bark quills small feet run run fight quills fight sharp quills big help animals fight porcupine animals want quills animals sharp quills run porcupines start fight animal jumps porcupine animal stop animal feet hurt full sharp quills dog jumped porcupine quills hurt dog feet dog ran girl saw dog feet full quills girl picked quills dog feet hurt dog fight porcupines
dog porcupine bunch ducks lived woods duckling ducks funny looking animals thought ugly dog thought looking big brown duck ugly dog ran duckling porcupine thought pretty full sharp quills special duckling walked ducks thought plump shapes look toothpick ducks quacked animals played dog ran porcupine sat tree ducks jumped water play ugly duckling asked ugly duckling animals look funny don duckling run dog porcupine don write letters ducks quacked ugly duckling left woods duckling happy growing growing pretty bird told ugly duckling woods saw dog porcupine ducks dog big brown looking porcupine pretty
today air cold warm stormy wind rain fall cold play find things find weather working room finding weather number things help find weather woman thermometer find air warm cold numbers thermometer woman reads numbers red line thermometer red line goes high number warmer red line goes low number colder red line going low number woman reads numbers thermometer knows cold weather balloon balloon working air weather balloon finds wind finds stormy balloon finds cold warm air weather room write balloon finds woman works big map stormy knows rain began knows goes rain fall today asks rain says woman rain look goes look rain started fall weather room
geography study relationship land geographers compare contrast places earth individual places consider earth word geography comes greek words ge greek word earth graphein means write english word geography means describe earth geography books focus small area town city deal region nation entire continent geography books deal earth divide study geography distinguish physical geography cultural geography focuses natural starts human beings studies interact environment considered geography branch neglect geographer observes records explains differences places places alike need geographers places exactly geography point view special looking places place makes geography interesting introduces places ways living land ways thinking shows ways thinking environment travel exciting experiences broadens understanding comparing study geography travel note importance maps vacationing motorist geographers feel comfortable map maps important tools geographer trade
maps purposes fact landsat picture suggests step maps specific task hand unlike globes general reference maps specialized omit general data emphasize features interest geological map emphasize minerals soil map soil drainage map rivers creeks weather map atmospheric conditions nautical chart water depths navigational aids types specialized maps citizens find highway maps street maps topographic maps highway maps familiar special purpose maps today need map buy highway map nearby gas station special purpose map highway maps obviously emphasize roads general reference maps include data political boundaries drainage features tourist attractions cities towns villages planning trip traveling automobile highway map going find traveling geography students highway maps analyze cultural physical features route highway maps sources information locality interacted land towns especially large cities highway maps helpful street maps street map covers smaller area earth surface show detail street maps show streets roads parks important buildings
past billion remarkable place surface earth geologist earth stillness remarkable rarity motion extends constant shifting grains sand dune movement bacteria forms ponderous motions entire earth vibrates earthquake planet active active billion shows signs calming earth atmosphere oceans thin crust deep interior motion formed activity seen dramatic behavior floods storms earthquakes volcanoes earth escape unnoticed place slowly live short lives short compared total span earth history live ripe age ninety span earth estimated age billion scientists believe earth condensed solar nebula bombarded millions asteroids gave pockmarked surface moon today millions heavier metals sank core lighter materials floated outward form mantle crust period melting sorting cooling geologists call precambrian era gases escaped mantle formed atmosphere early atmosphere breathe today consisted methane ammonia water vapor carbon dioxide mixture poisonous form
plants animals provide direct base support human plants important supplying today bulk food clothing shelter nature plants area dictates large extent animal area vegetation altered animal dog animal domesticated changed wild tame remains earliest known domesticated dogs discovered site idaho dogs domesticated earlier believed dogs domesticated forms wolf jackal today dogs mainly pets originally tamed animals help hunters find game partnership dogs developed accident wolves lingered human camps warm fires friendly gave scraps food wolves helped human hunters kill game gaining control wolf pups humans soon began breeding animals lines eventually animals species distinct wild wolf ancestors end ice age humans food collecting fruits seeds hunting wild animals beginning ago human beings began develop agriculture started raise food farms gardens began experiment animal plant breeding changing species suit human needs species domesticated food supplies rabbit animals domesticated food
ginkgo trees called living fossils trees common north america age dinosaurs scientists estimate ginkgo trees changed million fossil ginkgo leaves found north south america europe asia australia match golden leaves rake lawn october ginkgo descend ancient ginkgoes north america ice sheets covered illinois glacial period ginkgoes dying left north america south america europe australia apparently individual trees survived remote areas china wild trees survived chinese records thousand mention domesticated ginkgo trees ginkgoes preserved temple gardens china later japan botanists brought ginkgo asia europe north america ginkgo modern england planted living today ginkgo trees planted modern north america brought philadelphia american revolution planted tree window recommendation village forester ideal tree urban areas tolerate polluted air hot pavement nearby apparently outlived insect enemies unfortunately ginkgo tree grows slowly northern illinois twenty grow meters sixteen feet high maybe tree story tell decades reach study window
hudson river begins adirondack mountains northern york mountains part appalachian system part larger canadian shield igneous metamorphic rocks huge upland oldest rocks face earth sense foundations continent exposed map page trace boundaries canadian shield extends greenland baffin island arctic ocean eastern canada south lakes west series large canadian lakes lake winnipeg slave lake bear lake canadian shield hollow center filled hudson bay places shield projects southward united states adirondack mountains projection superior uplands northern michigan wisconsin minnesota unlike coastal plain appalachian system south york canadian shield scraped glaciers wore upland series rolling hills gouged thousands lakes stumps ancient mountains rise plateau today reach meters feet baffin island greenland labrador ancient mountains retain glory central part continent vast area called central lowland plain enormous size extends edge appalachian plateaus foot rocky mountains distance kilometers miles north south dimensions region impressive kilometers miles delta mackenzie river arctic ocean edge coastal plain texas
limited access highways intercity routes roads connecting city soon decided bring interstate system cities urban expressways urban renewal older parts cities torn expressways buildings room parking lots garages electric streetcars slowed traffic replaced diesel fueled buses urban streets widened permit traffic lanes cases sidewalks disappeared pushed inside buildings parkland streets parking lots street characteristic cities automobile age disappeared entirely pre automobile city houses built close close street backyards small homes traffic side streets streetcar lines avenues served playgrounds athletic fields social gathering places street vendors sold fruits vegetables ice cream carts brought services knife sharpening metal repairing street iceman milkman rounds streets alleys appearance cars street functions slowly disappeared entirely absent streets suburbs visually automobile suburbs looked older cities open space houses set street separated traffic wide lawns bushes trees suburbs omitted sidewalks visible parts suburban look garage focal point suburban house lavishly decorated attract passerby
introduction horse drawn streetcar city districts specialized extended greater area streets streetcar lines ran commercial areas shops stores lined major streets paved brick lighted night furnished benches drinking fountains conveniences ends streetcar lines streetcar suburbs appeared suburbs later part city names remained labels city neighborhoods walking city land mixed evolved streetcar city defined sections central business district radiating commercial streets industrial areas recreational areas residential neighborhoods suburbs individual factories office buildings apartment complexes larger public transportation assemble place skyscrapers symbols cities thousands workers entered downtown area morning left evening oldest american cities boston york charleston orleans irregular pattern walking city observed street patterns downtown areas streetcar neighborhoods suburbs easy identify buildings built close street roads straight hilly areas san francisco avoid derailing streetcars automobile suburbs distinguished streetcar suburbs accommodate automobile commercial areas buildings torn parking lots major streets shopping malls major stores located transit routes central city area original streetcar suburb
foreigners dominate north africa economic european countries built railroads ports established commercial agriculture built manufacturing facilities controlled trade lives native north africans improve reorganized benefit european colonial powers egypt major producer cotton cotton manufactured cloth britain english workers egyptians benefited jobs dependence product cotton proved disastrous egypt drop cotton price egyptian farmers hungry land food planted cotton introduction health care europeans large increase population amount farmland dry north increase proportionately surplus population flocked cities hoping find unable find jobs moved slums conditions poor portuguese establish southern end continent purpose provide base ships trading asia permanent settlements date dutch arrived early colonists known afrikaners britain took control area dutch afrikaners pushed interior southern africa europeans conflict bantu speaking peoples living region tribe zulus especially powerful held settlers finally overpowered modern weapons afrikaners british afrikaners remained separate discovery diamonds gold led total british control
southwest asia hinge afro eurasian landmass look map page find persian gulf tigris euphrates river valley geographers speak depression pivot pin hinge joins africa asia southwest asia strategic importance location today oil resources help fuel industrial economies europe africa asia americas nations area deposits oil especially saudi arabia iran leaders organization petroleum exporting countries opec powerful group nations attempts set price conditions international oil trade considering nations area note oil reserves older fundamental questions relate culture religion arab person speaks arabic native language nations arabic official language extend north africa arabian peninsula original homeland arab culture birthplace mohammed speak arabic muslims small christian jewish religious communities scattered arab states strong identification arabic culture islam million southwest asians percent total live non arab nations turkey iran afghanistan muslim arabic prayers religious purposes israel jewish language hebrew island cyprus divided greek christian majority percent turkish muslim minority kingdom saudi arabia largest arab asia
large stretches north central asia uninhabited sparsely populated coldness wetness dryness ruggedness land trace limiting factors map page east east longitude start mouth ob river kara sea note land north arctic circle cold crops south arctic circle climate bit warmer extreme wetness major problem snows melting south send waters arctic frozen mouth ob acts dam waters creating extensive marshlands south dry grasslands kirghiz steppe deserts turkestan generally limit human irrigated areas foothills mountains finally tangle peaks roof ruggedness elevation terrain restrict land looked maps area struck idea huge dams canals built change course ob water flows marshlands arctic ocean dry areas south irrigate crops aral sea meters feet sea level caspian sea actually meters feet sea level seas slowly evaporating fill fresh water maybe send overflow black mediterranean seas series canals cost enormous
natural vegetation europe closely follows pattern climate plants grow mediterranean area able survive dry summers vegetation generally lumped mediterranean locally goes names spain called maquis italy macchia southern california part north america mediterranean conditions call vegetation chaparral consists grasses shrubs short trees mediterranean plants features enable withstand dry hot summers narrow leaves leaves oily coating prevent evaporation cork tree thick bark driest places grass grows clumps bare earth mediterranean area suffered soil erosion turn caused destructive floods mud slides delicate vegetation native areas destroyed centuries farming overgrazing steeply sloping land sheep goats donkeys dense forests covered nearly europe north mediterranean need farmland wood caused forests cut today extensive forests found areas suitable farming trees europe broadleaf deciduous types lose leaves needleleaf coniferous types stay green round rule deciduous trees grow areas mild climate soil coniferous trees tend found colder climates poorer soils places types grow mixed forests north treeless tundra month average support tree growth
outback australian desert called residents forbidding region dominates central part country tribes aborigines seemingly desolate region uninhabited follows vivid description part region comes young american children sole survivors airplane crash takes place northern territory aborigine boy finds teaches valuable lessons survive desert read selection consider boy geographic clues locate water desert flat monotonous deserts gobi steppes parts sahara featureless devoid color formation varied patches sand outcrops rock dried watercourses salt pans faults frequent belts sparse vegetation colors strong bold harsh sharply defined belts yellow blocks bottle green patches fire flame red fields blood bush boy led unhesitatingly salt pans scattered yellow jackets poor relations gums trees outcrops quartz granite tribe passed toddler small memory recording landmarks storing information future information proving invaluable soon valley gently rising coiling lifeless snake aslant range low red hills country sparsely timbered stately white barked eucalyptus tatty yellow jackets saw banksias occasional patches sandalwood source incense shedding joss sticks smoulder beneath images million oriental gods
australia economy similar canada nations export sizable quantities agricultural goods support manufacturing industries contribute high standard living half australia suitable grazing continent leading exporter wool fact produces entire supply temperature moderate land receives rainfall sustaining grasses ideal cheap feed grazing animals merino sheep introduced australia spain thrive numbers animal grows fine wool fiber suited manufacture textiles cattle flourish australia millions beef cattle roam northern grasslands dairy cattle raised coastal areas victoria south wales queensland refrigerated ships carry australia beef dairy products western european markets especially united kingdom australia leading exporters beef wheat australia principal crop grows wide belts coastal lands southeast southwest gently rolling lands american plains ideally suited farm machinery half crop markets rice grapes citrus fruits grow mediterranean climate region murray river valley coastal lands east sugar cane cotton grown east coast queensland south wales climate southeastern united states crops native australia agricultural activity takes place dry areas irrigation especially wells needed urban population includes percent australians surprise manufacturing major source jobs
atmosphere polar region free dust pollutants scientists report air percent clean dust snowflakes difficulty forming normal snowflakes form piece dust center snowflakes antarctica ice crystals reflect light give atmosphere beautiful crystal clear quality actually antarctic snow falls south pole receives centimeters inches twelve month period snows melt piling south pole pile estimated meters feet thick weight snow ice depressed surface continent cases sea level icecap melt continent slowly pushed normal height forces beneath earth crust antarctic snow stay falls accumulates packs ice begins moving downhill highest points interior sea flag icecap exactly south pole move meters feet weddell sea antarctic icecap appears locked frozen stillness actually rest globe scene constant change movement ice perceptible edge sea huge icebergs snap ice shelves plunge ocean iceberg formed pole reached sea ice snow antarctica half fresh water
native americans shared favorite foods early american settlers squash succotash pecan algonquian words foods words part english language english language words foods borrowed languages borrowed words page kinds food tea comes chinese word words borrowed chinese language chow mein chop suey dishes meat vegetables italian words ravioli pizza foods dough meat tomatoes mexican taco meat tomatoes words noodle hamburger pretzel german language french words desserts crepe eclair cookie waffle dutch words find language words comes tortilla chili spaghetti frankfurter dictionary help full jobs kinds jobs pilot doctor teacher underlined words paragraphs interesting jobs miss maria sanchez architect designs buildings copies designs called blueprints miss sanchez makes sure workers follow blueprints correctly mrs charyl bassey correspondent american lives japan writes news stories events japan newspapers print mrs bassey news stories james collier curator art museum studied art knows find art museum week collier tells visitors history art museum
julian mow lawn morning aunt hilda needed portia help weeding children didn mind home interesting place weather perfect secret look forward puppies brought doors roll tumble grass staggered eyes sun dazzled tongues hanging feathered peonies loomed palm trees katy moved children worried possessive air wandering loose skin neck bring belonged call gulliver portia suggested traveling excellent aunt hilda suits aunt hilda weed pulling heavens delphinium don think disturbed press earth firmly beastly thing fat stems weed fancy leaves looks flower sun warm soft wind stirred trees stroking turning wealth leaves counting julian lawn mower sound metal snoring lawn boys hollow tree shrill shrill blue jays davey gayson arrived clock morning sitting patiently kitchen doorstep clicking empty cap pistol family breakfast preparing blast turn nose east path vertical ordered foster
conversations chimp words gorilla impossible recent experiments shown animals capable language communicate human beings gorillas trouble lips vocal system taught sign language sign language human beings unable talk especially bright female gorilla koko learned nearly sign language words according trainer identify objects tease lie express emotions create words words koko eye hat mask white tiger zebra elephant baby describe pinocchio doll animals taught type statements computer aid computer chimpanzee named lana taught read write brand language called yerkish key computer special color picture representing english word lana presses key chocolates computer promptly piece candy enlarged vocabulary express sentences machine give juice animals taught communicate plastic symbols gestures recent experiments raising lot questions animals talk language thinking expressing ideas merely responding rewards understanding actions research answer questions language experiments benefit animals benefit thought word personality words meaning course words feel react
compare sentences rolf twisted rolf rolf susan accidentally fell rolf susan pool rolf twisted susan accidentally fell pool italicized word sentence pronoun word place noun noun pronoun substituted called antecedent pronoun pronouns eliminate necessity repeating noun rolf preceding rolf antecedent singular pronouns rolf susan antecedents plural pronoun pronoun need occur sentence antecedent occur antecedent passage try connect italicized pronouns boldfaced nouns refers introduced europe voyagers returning americas tomato greeted suspicion europeans scarcely believe nutritious food looked large version poisonous berries deadly nightshade species closely related tomato plant notice appears line antecedent tomato look wide separation line europeans refers kinds pronouns personal reflexive intensive interrogative relative demonstrative indefinite personal pronouns place persons speaking person persons spoken person ofpersons things spoken person personal pronouns change form depending function sentence forms called case forms nominative objective possessive
sir winston churchill britain greatest prime ministers writer speaker renowned prose style difficulties latin dominated schools childhood aged thirteen harrow exclusive boarding school sons british unable answer question latin portion harrow entrance examination churchill lowest division fourth form roughly equivalent tenth grade united states excerpt early explains gained continual parsing english sentences grammar drills subjected lowest form gained immense advantage cleverer boys learn latin greek splendid things taught english learn english parsing practised continually english analysis somervell system took fairly sentence broke components means black red blue green inks subject verb object relative clauses conditional clauses conjunctive disjunctive clauses colour bracket kind drill daily remained fourth times threetimes learned schoolfellows won prizes distinction writing beautiful latin poetry pithy greek epigrams common english earn living feel disadvantage
point small person named red riding hood initiated plans preparation delivery transportation foodstuffs grandmother senior citizen residing place residence forest indeterminate dimension process implementing program incursion forest mid transportation process attained interface alleged perpetrator individual wolf inquiry whereabouts red riding hood goal inferring desirous ascertaining contents red riding hood foodstuffs basket inappropriate lie wolf displaying huge jaw capability sensing mass repressed hostility intertwined acute alienation indicating wolf don re indicating dig red riding hood fully making thing perfectly clear wit grandmother residence consignment foodstuffs mission consisted taking point wolf moderated rhetoric proceeded grandmother residence elderly person subjected disadvantages total consumption transferred residence perpetrator stomach raise woman consciousness wolf bad wolf victim oppressive society society denied wolves rights actually boasted capacity keeping wolf door interior malaise manifest inside wolf red riding hood achieved presence grandmother ocular implements extraordinary order magnitude
difficult define easy recognize kittens corn mushrooms living things living things known organism organisms look behave differently alike important ways organisms carry processes grow respond energy reproduce nonliving things robots carry processes processes growth organisms grow changing food small puppy grows develops large dog changing mother milk dog food substances needs bones skin body parts nonliving things buildings glaciers clouds grow growth materials brick ice water added process organism response constantly lights temperatures seasons change organisms respond properly survive longer street lights smoke detectors nonliving things built respond nonliving things respond ways protect process energy organisms energy stay alive respond grow plants trap sunlight energy organisms hummingbird energy plants organisms nonliving things jet energy fuel energy humans eventually living organism dies individual blueberry bush live individual mouse months individuals reproduce die
thing approach cell thin saclike membrane cell membrane covers entire surface cell materials growth energy enter cell tiny holes membrane waste products leaving cell cell membrane materials waste products easily pass cell membrane pumped pumping process cell energy imaginary step cell membrane immediately contact cytoplasm moving cytoplasm moving jar jelly jellylike substance fills cell cell building materials manufactured stored large round nucleus found cytoplasm control center cell nucleus coded instructions cell activities coded instructions stored special structures called chromosomes chromosomes seen cell reproducing cell membrane covers cell nuclear membrane covers nucleus cell regulates passage materials nucleus wander cytoplasm bump sausage shaped bodies called mitochondria single cells hundreds folded structures mitochondria commonly called power houses cell trap energy results food broken entered cell walking network canals called endoplasmic reticulum canals lead nuclear membrane cell membrane scientists think endoplasmic reticulum involved transport storage substances
imagine sitting middle lettuce patch sunny afternoon green cells lettuce plants capturing sun energy produce sugars eat piece lettuce sun energy lettuce plants represent main ways taking energy needed green plants celled organisms energy capturing directly sun animals eat food energy need processes cartoon popeye sailor eats spinach sudden burst energy green plants spinach capture energy sunlight energy trapped inside chloroplasts shown green substance chlorophyll found chloroplast membranes chlorophyll captures sun energy sugars sugar making process photosynthesis photosynthesis light energy sun trapped chloroplasts changed chemical energy chemical energy change carbon dioxide water oxygen sugars energy rich sugars stored spinach plant spinach plant provide energy need live instantly popeye cartoon energy cells spinach move body broken small molecules sugars sugar molecules pass blood blood carries sugar molecules cells needed
protists celled organisms simple unlike bacteria protist cells structures enclosed membranes structures protists chloroplast protists chloroplasts perform photosynthesis photosynthesis traps energy sunlight chemical energy protist store chemical energy pictures page show main groups photosynthetic protists euglenas group photosynthetic protists live freshwater lakes ponds euglenas form green film surface water diatoms group protists live inside tiny double shells look carved glass pillboxes diatoms found saltwater millions empty shells diatoms pile ocean bottom form fine crumbly material material toothpastes polish teeth dinoflagellates group photosynthetic protists live oceans seas type dinoflagellate produces powerful poison kill fish create flashes blue green light night flashes tops ocean waves glow protists eat food energy protists absorb molecules food water live eat digest particles food number food eating protists live inside organisms protists eat cells hosts absorb food bodies hosts damages host organism host dies protists depend food sources called protozoans classify protozoans move
ferns group plants called vascular plants vascular plants true roots stems leaves tubelike tissues tubelike tissues transport water food plant ferns survive water grow larger mosses algae specialized tissues mosses liverworts ferns live moist environment water reproduction picture left shows tropical tree fern rare fern grow height meters drawing shows common fern large feathery leaf fern frond fern stem grows beneath surface ground small roots grow stem ferns produce tiny reproductive cells called spores spores formed undersides fronds structures called sori sori burst open spores fall moist ground grow ferns grow areas water content soil air high millions ago earth climate warmer wetter ferns abundant ferns simple vascular plants horsetails died buried sand gravel pressure heat eventually changed plant remains coal today mine coal fuel gymnosperms group vascular plants produce naked seeds enclosed protective covers seed young plant called embryo conditions embryo grows mature plant gymnosperms produce seeds cones called conifers common examples conifers pine hemlock spruce fir cedar trees
reproduction occurs combining male female sex cells sex nuclei called asexual reproduction angiosperms special kinds organs reproduce asexually nature roots leaves stems grow plants sweet potatoes buy grocery store sweet potatoes roots flowering plants shoots readily grow sweet potato leaves plants grow plants suppose bump jade plant knock leaf grow jade plant placing leaf soil water true african violet plants plants special stems allow reproduce asexually onion plants reproduce asexually bulbs grow underground bulb part onion plant eat bulbs short fat stems roots stem begins grow bulb planted bulb tightly packed leaves store food leaves onion cut open shown common plants bulbs tulips lilies daffodils potato tuber grows underground tuber thick stem buds grow plant buds tuber shown eyes cut potato cook plants grow buds potato planted dahlias peonies reproduce tubers strawberry plants connected runner stem grows top soil
fertilization fish external takes place water process spawning female lays hundreds thousands eggs water male fish spreads sperm called milt eggs fertilized eggs develop embryos young fish fish seahorse female deposits eggs pouch male eggs hatch pouch young seahorses emerge watery environment fish eggs protective shells dry water yolk sac fish egg food fish develops fish elaborate behavior patterns part spawning atlantic salmon shown swim upstream sea spawn freshwater river hatched month young salmon swim downstream sea look drawing perch typical bony fish mouth nostrils eyes lids scales cover body streamlined shape perch glide easily water paired fins help fish turn stop balance lateral line row tiny scale covered openings senses vibrations pressure large flap covering gills head operculum stay afloat perch inside swim bladder bladder bag filled oxygen gases adding releasing gases fish adjust pressures depths water perch swims water passes mouth gills gills oxygen water passes blood perch
birds warm blooded vertebrates accurately birds endothermic vertebrates means temperature bodies remains constant regardless temperature birds energy released food eat bodies warm order body heat inside blood vessels surface bird body smaller cold heat escapes birds heat escaping fluffing feathers insulation bird picture look picture flying birds shape bird pointed beak neck smooth feathers tail help streamline bird flight front limbs wings feathers wings lift birds air streamlined body feathers part story flight picture bones birds hollow braces support makes bird skeleton lightweight strong large amount food bird eats constant supply oxygen provide energy needed flying air sacs connected bird lungs give constant supply oxygen exhaling efficient chambered heart keeps oxygen rich blood flowing bird body kinds birds fly penguins strong wings swimming flying ostrich shown largest bird cornered enemy ostrich deliver deadly kicks powerful legs ostriches wings balance birds differ vertebrates feathers
kinds muscle cells muscles body kind performs job appears microscope despite differences muscle cells contract making shorter muscle cells contracting relax returning original length simple motion contraction movement body skeletal muscles skeleton move muscles run lift write skeletal muscle cells contract quickly tire easily skeletal muscles voluntary muscles choose contract bundles smooth muscle cells form layers muscle internal organs smooth muscles involuntary muscles choose contract smooth muscles perform slow steady contractions help move food digestive tract control blood pressure bundles cardiac muscle cells heart strong contractions rarely tire cardiac cell built rhythm contraction cardiac muscle smooth muscle involuntary muscles skeletal muscles movement contracting getting shorter pull push bone skeletal muscles opposing pairs move skeleton muscles opposing pairs produce opposite movements muscle pair bends joint straightens bending straightening arm opposing muscles action notice diagram biceps muscle attaches upper lower arm bones contracting biceps muscle relaxing triceps muscle pulls forearm upper arm straighten arm biceps muscle relax triceps muscle contracts pulling arm straight
food eat digested cells food digested undigested food leaves body anus wastes produced digested food leave body ways activities inside cells produce chemicals commonly call metabolic wastes wastes include carbon dioxide heat nitrogen waste called urea salts water metabolic wastes removed build inside body poisonous process rids body metabolic wastes called excretion lungs skin kidneys organs excretion cells carry respiration metabolic wastes produce diffuse cells carbon dioxide travels blood alveoli lungs exhale wastes move lungs body skin removes metabolic wastes water urea heat salts move cells blood vessels skin wastes diffuse blood vessels nearby sweat gland sweat tube deposited skin surface small openings called pores collectively wastes called perspiration solid wastes stay skin surface liquid wastes evaporate cool body hot blood vessels skin open blood passes vessels makes sweat glands active perspiration evaporates cools quickly cold blood vessels skin narrow blood reaches dermis sweat glands slow perspire fresh perspiration odor
adrenal gland located top kidneys adrenal gland outer region region regions produce hormones outer region hormones affect kidneys help control water salt balance region produces hormone called adrenaline hormone prepares body fight flight actions shown suppose friends beehive filled honey suddenly swarm bees appears instant brain sends signals adrenal glands release adrenaline adrenaline travels quickly bloodstream place liver releases sugar extra energy heart pumps faster pupils dilate muscles contract digestion slows stops actions body physically alert friends ready run bees attack tiny isles langerhans cells pancreas produce hormone insulin hormone controls sugar level body regulating liver muscles fat tissues disease diabetes result isles langerhans insulin girl diabetes takes daily injections insulin control amount sugar blood diabetics lead healthy productive lives ovaries found females testes found males shown organs sex organs produce egg cells sperm cells needed reproduction sex organs produce hormones ovaries produce female hormones testes produce male hormones hormones control secondary sex characteristics secondary sex characteristics females include breast development wider hips soft looking figure due greater deposits fat
ages bodies reach full adult sizes physical growth stops ages physical peak muscles strongest coordination professional athletes age range muscular strength reaction speed slowly decrease professional athletes pictured play past knowledge game athletes playing sports fun exercise continue person lives society adulthood getting education working job family adults things learn gain practical experience living solving problems middle age ages women stop menstruating called menopause happens woman body stops making female sex hormones menopause women longer babies scientists physical change menopause continue produce sperm lives number sperm produce decreases aging result cells lost failing function aging process begins birth prenatal development cells tissues formed immediately destroyed humans add physical occur wrinkles eyesight grows dimmer hearing fades joints stiffen move slowly physically weaker forgetful unable care think senior citizens physically mentally
nitrogen returns air kinds bacteria decomposers break wastes proteins dead organisms decomposers change proteins ammonia ammonia return plants bacteria convert nitrogen gas diagram nitrogen cycles air soil plants organisms air soil diagram traces movement oxygen carbon dioxide ecosystem notice molecules cycled biosphere air organisms air organisms remove oxygen air breathe respire oxygen return carbon dioxide air waste product carbon dioxide added air decomposition organic matter burning coal gas oil plants balance action carrying photosynthesis respiration photosynthesis plants remove carbon dioxide air release oxygen water exist water molecule supports living processes depend diagram read cycling water water falls earth form precipitation rain snow sleet hail forms precipitation water falls land runs streams rivers lead oceans water falls lakes ponds soaks ground organisms water drinking rivers lakes streams plants water roots water plants part ground water
ways conserve water farmers conserve water drip irrigation method feeds water plants drop drop flooding entire fields water purification plants maintain water quality treating water cooling towers shown picture cool water industry discharged environment united states government established regulations guidelines restrict industries dumping substances water areas water supply limited regulations set amount water consumers car ignition key turned coal gasoline petroleum burned chemicals released air chemicals converted acids presence air moisture acidic rain falls earth called acid rain due wind patterns easterly flow air masses eastern states receive large amounts acid rain fact lakes adirondacks acidic fish longer live places samples rainwater acidic vinegar pollutants accumulate feel smell picture condition called smog main types smog exist united states toxic smog includes soot smoke sulfuric acid mists requires presence fog common northern industrial cities coal burned photochemical smog shown picture common southwestern united states large amount automobile traffic results action sunlight pollutants
wind energy source idea earlier century million windmills generate electricity pump water farms united states compare pictures left small windmill giant modern windmill tested today modern windmills produce larger amounts electricity turning electrical generators wind inexpensive nonpolluting energy source produces energy wind blows engineers working find obtain constant source energy wind researchers think series giant windmills provide part energy needed large portions united states hydroelectric energy water generate electricity water falls level waterfall turn electrical generator dams built rivers force water fall level hydroelectric energy renewable pollute fuel cost building dams disturbs freshwater ecosystems ecosystems valley flooded resulting reservoir solar energy alternative energy source directly energy sun collecting plates shown picture left capture sun energy store heat heat warms air water heat building sidewalk kind solar collecting plate walked barefoot sidewalk sunny felt sun energy warms surface materials change sun energy directly electricity solar energy safe nonpolluting plentiful
summers fly family thing going battle nerves say raise rope closer closer top tent hear re going perform outdoors higher stretch rope rings clowns pony riders perform bolder daring rope dancing swinging legs flinging empty space making throw hands gasp air fly swings bar catch tips heels dies clutches hearts sit calmly trained joanne die duck head benches stay till summer bold final performance fair closed revival type tent show comes kids camp fly family performed net figured sure stomach steel ten push ups breakfast twenty sit ups lunch skipped dinner altogether brother teddy kidded harriet trying olympics passed icie corner pizza sausage stand schoolyard cotton candy jelly apple lady pickle penny candy boy fact passed stands lead street roadway fair grounds swamp moved baltimore jamaica island
whirlwind saved cub infant youth grandmother receives celebrates deed lakota names frequently earned manner names natural phenomena whirlwind white thunder respected animals brave bear grey bull stress personal trait characteristic wooden leg speaks guess named touch clouds stood feet tall girls original names lives change names married boys reached manhood giving proceeding names regarded valuable property possessing magical qualities names sold pawned indian names strike awkward unflattering result difficulties translation english words needed express indian words english words badly chosen warrior took pride proclaimed active warpath clean equipment idea lost english version stinking saddle blanket young afraid horses strangely timid lakota chief correct meaning young horses feared crazy horse greatest war chief lakota interesting history names son grandson medicine named crazy horse youth horse looking called strange curly brown curly hair rare lakota
moon tonight moon stars clouds tipped moonlight fall wind blowing heart evening fading sky saw geese wedge southward going home try study pages driving southward going home valley heavy mountains holding night sky mountains home home peace beat drums blue winds dancing snow fields indian lodge fill gods sit home home mountains fall hides valleys winter comes mountains trees grow rows palms stand stiffly roadsides groves orange trees line military rows endlessly bear fruit beautiful yes beauty order rows growing things beauty captivity pine fighting existence windy knoll beautiful wisconsin leaves change snows air smell wild rice venison cooking winds whispering forests carry smell rotting leaves evenings loon calls lonely birds sing songs leaving bears dig roots eat late fall berries fattening winter sleep later snows fall awakens morning find white beautiful clean
gorge bent walls fell suddenly edge bleak boulder strewn valley osborn saw leading column threading slowly huge rock masses gorge mouth flat bare place stopped pointed cried knew instantly file sprang taut jerked rope swiftly complete silence open ground osborn stood raised eyes records indian topographical survey says mountain himalayas altitude ft highest peak british india fourth highest known tertiary formation sedimentary limestone spent months lives cases reading thinking planning lay moment statistics geology knowledge thought plans remote forgotten faraway western cities bereft eyes single electric perception valley stretched miles rocky desolation left bounded low ridges eye slowly mounted drew closer valley longer valley narrowing rising corridor cliffs happened describe single stupendous crash music end corridor shut half sky hung blinding white mass
middles ages wandering minstrels traveled countryside england rest europe singing songs exchange food lodging songs minstrels sang called ballads ballads authors written origins ballads sung hundreds versions arose moving place forgot older lines substituted suit place centuries ballads written permanent form today number versions ballads ballads sprang sources underwent drastic revisions telling distinctive features common ballads ballad highly dramatic story told verse emphasis action ballads deal basic subjects treachery cunning death love jealousy ballads humorous tragic dealing sensational events objectively emotion moralizing ballads dialogue stories deal limited number characters incidents description facts included narrating action minstrels kind shorthand stereotyped characters actions symbolic crowing rooster means morning middle ages giving ring symbolizes engagement marriage making bed meant preparing deathbed coffin feeding eels meant poisoning actions longer carry significance earlier audiences
re bit hungry bite lunch piece meal snack satisfy hunger eat bacon flitch middlin middlin meat salt pork side pork side meat sowbelly fatback don travel aware say things ways words terms kind meat word pronounce differently pronounce say tord tord word writers aware differences called dialects point musical comedy fair lady poor flower girl eliza asks language professor help change speech job scene professor tries teach eliza say rain spain stays mainly plain rine spine sties minely pline written language reflection actually talk pronounce suggest author write shorten word spellings words reflect rock roll rudyard kipling makes device familiar pronunciations suggested spellings blowin dreadin hangin familiar pronunciations words ollow ard im simply words hollow hard initial dropped dialectal pronunciations characters familiar arf half agin
story lazy peter shameless rascal fellow village village making mischief lazy peter learned fair held village knew large crowd country selling horses cows farm animals large amount money change hands peter usual needed money custom set village wearing red cornered hat thing stop stand leave big bag money owner asking safely returned peter told returned bag money corner hat turned owner stand promised peter thanked drugstore village gave druggist bag money asking returned corner hat turned druggist agreed peter left church asked priest bag money return corner hat twisted side priest fine disposed bags money peter edge village farmers buying selling horses cattle stood watched decided farmers rich sold horses cows
gentleness summers land staying green moist boiling sun august summer drouth peak summer violence thirsty land dried cracked open receive rain rain didn stunted corn curled leaves trying save moisture oats needed cool weather grains forming cooked hot dry sun producing grains light chaff alfalfa short stemmed pale green look cured hay mowed valleys creeks ran warm sluggish half clogged moss slime leaves elm trees yard rattled dried oak leaves fall began turn yellow middle july pastures brown straw cattle thin ribs showing halfway forty acre field milk twelve quart pail land dried days grew hotter sun violent red dust smoke heat pulling moisture finished morning milking remember morning fog filling big valley led kickapoo bawling cattle woke night summer meant cow left barnyard accident put night pasture summer meant wanted barnyard water grass moisture father
took road labor dog equipped camper truck traveled avoided big cities major highways hotels motels wanted home places intended experience flavor sound country john steinbeck search america island york traveled north maine zigzagged midwest montana idaho seattle south california southwest south home covered miles visited thirty states journeys recognized famous writer roving actor encountered roadside rest area mistake steinbeck fellow actor steinbeck camper fishing rods hunting gear inside gave ready excuse presence charley poodle provided openings conversations degree dog steinbeck talked scores journey truckers waitresses mechanics farmers cooks rangers toll collectors veterinarians charley ill trip steinbeck conversed maine moose means cattle calling horn truck conversation ended quickly moose began trotting truck romantic intentions journey provided steinbeck episodes comedy surprise loneliness friendship hostility frustration awe wonder visit home town salinas california bittersweet experience steinbeck later journey steinbeck sorrowing witness country racial problems hours driving gave steinbeck ponder seen america sheer hugeness vitality busyness rapidity change development
door opened stood seaton walked desk eased swivel chair sitting headmaster office hours sit headmaster picked wooden pencil began roll palms hear click pencil rolled headmaster ring seaton laid pencil rubbed cheek hand moved side face began massage temple looked honor committee decided leave school penalty cheating expulsion exceptions took deep breath pushed soft leather seat dropped hands lap slumped crying left cry able reach father left washington waiting room seaton asked wait minutes want speak want understand school decision expel school school honor system honor system students live cleared throat looked fingernails wished headmaster wouldn talk knew school expel talk honor system based mutual trust confidence doubt makes easier students cheat headmaster
series feathery clouds moves formation sky heavy downpour rainbow appears horizon thunder rumbles sky tree laid low earth seasons change regularly ending cycle night follows tide high hours low today phenomena explain science ancient peoples saw wondered wonder led composition myths stories involve gods goddesses attempt explain marvels nature civilization greece established myths thousands older detailed sky earth sea underworld deities responsibilities clearly defined myths matured passed word mouth person person region region carried professional storytellers passage storytellers retold myths details blurred conflict versions basic story addition myths sophisticated storytellers included elements symbolism philosophy myth tells zeus ruled gods developed dreadful headache give relief god split open head sprang athene adult fully clad armor marvel laugh athene greek goddess wisdom wisdom source mind ruler gods surprise greek myths show gods comic irreverent unfavorable light
admetus king pherae thessaly thought luckiest young strong handsome son father kingdom soon age admetus affectionate son felt proud pleased power paid attention age happy wealth king lay largely immense flocks herds fortune obtain marvelous herdsman apollo condemned spend earth form servant punishment offense committed anger zeus admetus young king master admetus saw chief herdsman respect apollo mightily increased flocks king return upright dealing end admetus learned richer acquired powerful friend protector apollo friendship gain wife prince greece proud marry pelias ruler thessalian kingdom seized force cousin daughters alcestis loveliest beautiful skilled arts women notable spinner maker cloth housewife performed charm gentle affectionate honorable nature
writers tell reader outright rely reader ability read lines reasonable inferences information presented reader inferences author description scene character character conversation actions characters react individual author choice words passage author describes school owned run wackford squeers inferences characters school obedient summons ranged front schoolmaster desk half dozen scarecrows knees elbows torn filthy book beneath learned eye class english spelling philosophy nickleby squeers beckoning nicholas stand latin hand boy sir cleaning parlor window temporary head philosophical class sure rejoined squeers practical mode teaching nickleby regular education system clean verb active bright scour win der winder casement boy knows book goes boy sir weeding garden replied small voice sure squeers means disconcerted bot tin bottin bottinney noun substantive knowledge plants learned bottinney means knowledge plants goes knows em system nickleby think
night happened hurried hospital parking lot unlocked car door started car waved workers honked security guard drove half block freeway entrance late hour meant light traffic driver relieved negotiated entrance ramp settled driving easily dim dashboard light saw gas gauge indicating empty remembered annoyance stop gas working late shift hospital ideal situation meant money allowed attend graduate classes days drove found gripping steering wheel conscious effort relax think pleasant thoughts night drive home relived safety lectures nurses sure ward knows times leave grounds groups avoid isolated places hospital cornered scream deliberately relaxed grip wheel took deep breath funny thought didn uptight tonight usual tired looked forward soak tub magazine lain unread days gas gauge caught attention home left tank fill class morning stopped tonight station gabriel ran imperial highway extra minutes morning wouldn rush
simile stated comparison things share common quality create vivid picture writer points quality share similes introduced say jason runs wind strong ox similes indicating comparisons jason speed speed wind jason strength strength ox important thing remember statements comparing things essentially alike similes ordinary statements looks mother skates similes simile reveals similar quality elements dressed favorite literary characters simile imagine person think typical truck driver person look act mental picture truck driver resemble truck driver fixed idea stereotype mind typical truck driver looks acts find cartoon funny aware artist took stereotypical idea truck driver hounding motorists highway truck driver woman traditionally expect stereotypical role stereotypes helpful cartoonist wants laugh simple sketch author wishes create character words television film writer limited spend characterization
things beginning earth lived countless generations scientists studied rock layers strata earth outer crust believe earth approximately billion strata earth found evidence origin forms development fossils hardened remains preserved strata show living things passage millions simple forms complex advanced beings oldest known humanlike creatures lived nearly million ago evidence humans stand erect walk feet tools direct ancestors true homo sapiens fully recognizable human species true modern human beings evolved period skilled hands making tools size brains increased learning talk developed language problem survival acute early helpless forces nature weapons tools clothing food supply uncertain short violent order survive learn master environment story challenge theme chapters living history basic needs food clothing shelter protection enemies forms government group living religious beliefs explain mysteries birth death
hittite kingdom beginning collapse egypt lost power situation left western asia master small states able develop maintain freedom era small states lasted small countries ruled phoenicians desert nomads moved westward area fertile crescent bordering eastern mediterranean sea traders built trading cities tyre sidon ships sailed greece italy north africa spain south west coast africa possibly faraway britain phoenicians set distant trading colonies greatest carthage north africa account trading operations phoenicians developed advanced system writing devised egyptians sumerians letters signs represented sounds alphabet alphabet important contribution civilization word alphabet comes letters aleph beth phoenician alphabet consisted twenty consonant symbols later greeks adopted introduced vowel signs combination consonant vowel signs alphabet today peoples west small country hebrews jews history told testament bible tells hebrews leader abraham eastern part plain shinar sought promised land settle wandering canaan palestine
patricians engineered successful revolt harsh etruscan king tarquin proud set republic citizens elected representatives manage government early oligarchies greece power early roman republic hands held tightly top social scale republic governed consuls senate order check power consuls limit term office war emergency threatened dictator substituted consuls term office limited months senate composed members appointed consuls proposed laws nominated consuls office patricians consuls serve senate plebeians assembly passed resolutions binding class important workings roman government soon overthrow etruscan monarch rome nearby latin tribes formed latin league alliance italic peoples peninsula romans motives expansion simple protect emerging unfriendly neighbors secure land farming agriculture basis roman economy beginning century rome league controlled central italy setbacks roman expansion occurred invasion gauls insolent fair haired warriors burned rome ground withdrew payment tribute damage roman prestige
persons middle ages knew read write understand latin speech church services services meaningful congregation dramatizations bible stories religious teachings performed churches began choral singing sacred stories later developed simple dramas dealing biblical themes plays performed inside church proper supervision clergy later plays vernacular languages performed retained religious character called morality plays performed churches market places fairs guildhalls everyman play written century morality play telling chief character everyman rebuffs temptations aid religious belief artists sculptors middle ages encouraged talents depicting religious subjects church hired artists decorate churches cathedrals walls facades buildings sculptures illustrated christ virgin mary events lives saints stories bible stories depicted building continued interior walls columns pictures stained glass windows stained glass windows dated ancient times fine art medieval period adding minerals molten glass craftsmen achieved brilliant hues glaziers working artists sketches fitted small pieces glass designs religious revival century churches built europe romanesque style architecture style influenced building ancient rome
century ways northern europe primitive mauryan empire flourished northeastern india megasthenes greek envoy western asia mauryan court luckily historians spent spare writing account products customs government indian empire megasthenes lived pataliputra capital walled city covering eighteen square miles surrounded deep moat city walls wood gates towers regular intervals streets laid orderly fashion heart city located palace king chandragupta maurya palace beautifully carved wooden structure pillars plated gold silver ornamented intricate designs chandragupta stern ruler master intrigue part lived seclusion palace special holidays toured capital city megasthenes occasion monarch seated elephant led colorful procession host attendants holiday dress golden vessels huge basins goblets feet broad tables chairs drinking washing vessels indian copper set jewels emeralds beryls indian garnets bore robes embroidered gold thread led wild beasts buffaloes leopards tame lions rare birds cages prosperity wealth empire impressed megasthenes favorably land belonged tax farm products chief source government income irrigation crop rotation practiced megasthenes claimed famine unknown land
japanese peoples influenced geography land size climate resources natural features japan consists islands largest honshu kyushu shikoku hokkaido total area japan approximately size california islands closest mainland asia miles korean peninsula climate japan fortunate plentiful rainfall ocean currents south prevent severe winters areas land poor cent suitable farming overcrowding problem inch land farmed order feed japan lacks natural resources iron coal oil disadvantages nearness japan asian mainland japanese interested continent early times looked longingly source raw materials place settle surplus population according japanese tradition islands settled gods legends say grandson sun goddess chosen rule islands descendants japanese emperor reason japanese worshiped emperor descended gods legend ancestors japanese islands shortly korea east indies found living islands called ainus japanese advanced ainus trouble conquering driving island hokkaido descendants live today
philip wanting strengthen rule defend roman catholicism saw protestant england chief foe married mary tudor protestant campaign met success lost influence england died mary successor queen elizabeth hostile spain helped dutch rebellion philip condoned piratical expeditions english sea captains including sir francis drake seized spanish treasure ships returned gold silver philip launched invasion england hoping punish nation crush protestantism spanish armada fleet ships attack england prepare army invasion englishman prepared turn fight country liberty smaller faster ships english navy expertly sailed led bold seamen drake john hawkins martin frobisher english won victory english channel defeated armada sailed spain storm drove ships ashore fewer eighty returned spanish ports elizabeth gained objectives england remained free protestant nation established sea power beginning mastery oceans spanish fighting dutch english civil war broke france huguenots contended roman catholics series conflicts issue faction control throne france ruled weak kings regent catherine de medici exercised power
rapid expansion commerce rise banking insurance establishment joint stock companies introduction stock exchange business signaled beginning modern capitalism word defined simply private control means production private profit known today capitalism implies accumulation investment private individuals large amounts capital wealth produce wealth middle ages dealt services goods land money increased supply precious metals enabled europeans coin money freer flow coinage easier save reinvest money merchants bankers accumulate capital huge profits handling expanded volume trade reinvest surplus funds joint stock companies capitalism period called mercantile capitalism based trade commerce territories overseas rise prices expansion business enrich bourgeoisie term signified townsmen middle class capitalists belonged bourgeoisie increasing effect government policies earliest examples trend development economic policy mercantilism discussed chapter central governments european nations extending political power late middle ages growth commerce capitalism national states wanted establish rule economic practice mercantilism meant government controlled entire economy basic idea system nation prosperous strong large amount gold silver need rely nations important materials
trouble began elizabeth died james king scotland succeeded throne stuart kings son mary queen scots imprisoned finally beheaded charge plotting elizabeth england scotland king maintained separate government james born raised scotland understand english learned lacked common sense contemporaries called wisest fool christendom matters worse james exaggerated notions powers king firm believer divine kings wrote book annoying english habit lecturing parliament subject royal power content exercising considerable authority inherited tudors insisted restriction power wrong english tradition parliamentary checks royal power james position unwise especially constant need money parliament irritated refused grant revenues needed effect monarch raised important constitutional question king parliament supreme england problem intensified profound english society undergone century classes grown greatly importance gentry included landed gentlemen called squires ranking nobility consisted merchants manufacturers groups considerable economic strength representatives house commons eager increase political power king expense
building mechanical devices required increased amounts iron supply limited smelting charcoal slow costly depleting english forests abraham darby began smelting ore coke charcoal success iron industry shifted forest areas coal regions henry cort contractor british navy found puddling stirring molten iron rods furnace quickly burn impurities produce large amount wrought iron developed system passing hot iron heavy rollers squeezing impurities producing iron sheets boiler plate armor manufacture steel stronger generally iron aided sir henry bessemer introduced process burning impurities molten iron steel ten later englishman sir william siemens frenchman pierre emile martin developed successful open hearth furnace smelting iron system widely adopted greater range steels technical advances abundant supplies cheap iron steel modern mechanized civilization impossible steel centers grew areas blessed stores coal iron ore northern england ruhr valley germany pittsburgh area pennsylvania iron steel utilized machines increasing size complexity sparsely populated western united states farmers helped machines developed advantage plentiful rich soil cyrus mccormick demonstrated horse drawn reaper grain
deal problem transforming society utopian socialists named utopia title sir thomas century description ideal society active england france utopian socialists dreamed harmonious community based principles cooperation economic planning rejected forms class violence class dictatorship hoped establishing model communities discover merits socialism want imitate utopian socialists wished bring society persuasion revolution turned schemes impractical important utopian socialist french nobleman count henri de saint simon lived believed industry operated benefit masses captains industry technicians qualified idea favor middle class industrialists trying gain political power saint simon sincere socialist wanted reorganize society expressed principle compensated according capacity according later statement popular slogan socialists french reformer francois marie charles fourier lived thought society divided units sufficient communities acres unit composed approximately live common plans put practice europe united states land cheap cooperative communities set proved successful fourier ideas influenced effective utopian socialists englishman robert owen
northern asia russia generations building settlements siberia china vulnerable western exploitation mid century russians search warm water ports took advantage situation secure large coastal area north korea founded vladivostok later won concessions mongolia chinese turkestan russia began building trans siberian railroad obtained permission china line cross manchuria russians failed hold liaotung peninsula defeat russo japanese war blow imperialistic plans area russian imperialists advancing southwestern asia caucasus steppes east caspian sea advances worried british russian influence extended persia british feared russians reach persian gulf menace british route india east mid asia russians reached borders afghanistan position threatened india britain russia signed agreement promising refrain seizing afghanistan persia divided spheres influence russia controlling north britain south southeast asia britain france chief rivals territory french moved area late century peaceful relations maintained mid century hostile feelings resulted persecution french missionaries french naval expedition attacked captured saigon twenty france established protectorates cochin china cambodia annam areas traditionally paid tribute china tried unsuccessfully eject french force french took laos
century communist takeover chinese humiliated foreigners nearly half century country constant turmoil aroused nationalism identical hatred foreigners attitude explained large measure unreasonableness chinese communist behavior foreign especially western nations relations countries strained china grew increasingly isolated rest split developed china relations soviet union concerning china soviet border reasons quarrel china denounced soviet union betraying true communism thought soviets american addition china wanted military economic aid soviet union received soviets rejected idea recalled technical advisers early china aroused nationalism led demand return chinese territory tsarist russia soviet union claims close watch border mid difficult chinese food rationed starved health conditions improved average chinese buy small consumer goods bicycles sewing machines face prosperity mao feared chinese forgetting revolutionary spirit concerned easy feared soviets chinese bourgeois interested buying owning personal things mao feared china imitating russia charged moving revolutionary spirit true leninist communism
peron helped wife eva appointed minister social welfare largely efforts women vote distributed government funds education relief collected money labor business help orphans aged needy persons called evita eva sign affection died cancer july tried countries peron started industrialization campaign country strong money pay grandiose program peron paid attention agricultural segment economy neglect hurt argentina leading exporters beef grain price beef fell argentina income declined inflation set wiped previous increases workers wages unrest grew peron dictatorship harsher attacked catholic church suppressed newspapers police intimidated political opponents torture imprisonment exile opposition continued build peron forced office fled spain military dictatorship tried solve problems high inflation rising unemployment succeeded june peron returned argentina elected president died military dictatorship returned violence extremist groups left broke buenos aires cities economic situation grew worse inflation rate reached percent argentina entered military dictatorship maintained iron grip country chile developing countries agriculture played small role economy
romanticism tradition johannes brahms continued early part century austrian arnold schonberg twelve tones diatonic scale gave direction music schonberg called music nontonal fixed key system adopted russian american igor stravinsky composers musicians series technique fixed key fewer twelve tones polytonality keys followers aaron copland wrote forms composers fitted musical styles harmonies rhythms native folk music vigorous music bela bartok hungary aram khachaturian armenia heitor villa brazil borrowed melodies peasants musical instruments orchestrations george gershwin utilized popular american styles gave jazz symphonic dignity ralph vaughan williams england charles ives united states helped promote revival national music electronic music began invention electric organs organlike instruments instruments range sounds invention tape recorder field expanded composers europe united states produced tape compositions invention linked tape recorder electric organ gave composers boost invention synthesizer contained keyboard switches making variety adjustments notes produced keyboard electronic composing faster composer longer record individual fragments tape re record track record desired effect
mary open field sara spoke guess stopped gave big sympathy talk charlie don joe melby say wants help look charlie makes sick think nice wants help maybe stolen brother watch wouldn think nice mary silent moment shouldn tell didn steal watch sara huh didn sara looked tell promised wouldn didn tell promised stopped mary weicek tell minute promised mary tell mom kill knew told won aunt joe melby mother aunt willie joe melby mother didn yes mother happened weeks charlie gotten watch don believe truth told aunt willie joe stolen watch remember told aunt willie joe mother wouldn terrible thing mrs melby say called joe room joe steal godfrey boy watch expect say front mother
reading word phrase meaning happens sure context help figure meaning word phrase remember context context word phrase words sentences context help let review ways reading meet words meaning order sense sentence word decide meaning word meant context help decide meaning players threw ball diamond word diamond mean kind precious stone mean infield part baseball field meaning sentence context helps infield part baseball field meaning diamond sentence meaning makes sense word meanings meaning context able figure meaning cattle grazing draw low hills draw means picture meaning sense sentence think draw means sentence
alcedo rainfall produce plentiful plant growth tortoises graze rainy season tortoises active feeding wandering drinking murky ponds mating aggression chance meetings animals face raise heads high jaws wide open smaller tortoise backs attacker butt hurry retreat later season rains die activity crater females begin searching nesting places travel miles digging hole patch firm soil lay eggs twenty gently spread eggs stubby hind feet cover layer dirt leaving eggs hatched warmth sun months later tiny young dig surface begin season tortoises curious sitting tree eating lunch loud clang look hung large aluminum pot startled tortoise hurriedly retracting shell violent hiss watched rose stretching neck attempted bite bottom pot loud clang pot began swing scaring shell close encounters tortoises occasion visit alcedo fact climbed aboard don approve practice
series strange events occurred excited minds seafaring vessels met enormous black spindle shaped thing occasionally monster appeared phosphorescent gave light movements rapid whale gathered spoke monster real supernatural character newspapers carried drawings gigantic marine creatures real imaginary legends past revived soon opinion divided groups months editors scientific journals warred writers cheaper journals april scotia cunard steamship line met mysterious accident seventeen minutes past afternoon passengers assembled tea grand salon ship felt shock struck sharp penetrating shock slight alarmed shout bridge sinking sinking passengers frightened captain anderson hastened reassure hull scotia explained divided compartments compartment damaged water found sea pouring compartment fortunately ship engines boilers located scotia days slow liverpool owners engineers visited scotia soon dry dock scarcely believe eyes feet water level triangular hole neatly cut perforated gigantic punch
things pictured closely place find map united states tell place longhorn frontier cowboy space center flag symbols texas lone star learn deal southwestern reading reference books learn things looking maps map drawing representing earth surface part kinds maps purposes common types maps political map political maps show political divisions land countries states territories show things cities towns large bodies water major airports large forest park areas special places points interest show major highways roads look political map states border texas country large body water border borders texas west remember directions easy find map top map north bottom south east west left maps arrow picture compass show north map symbols kinds information shown map maps legend key explains symbol means look legend map texas capital shown
looked mountains mixture awe fear curiosity earliest mountain range barrier rest thought obstacle protection fought survive busy wonder side mountain passed daring wanted widen limited horizon driven hunger weather unbearable reason overcame fear thunder lightning unknown terrors mountains hold explorers died trying rugged passes succeeded crossing mountains testing survival skills simply want enjoy peace beauty found thousand feet lights nearest city find survival skills don measure demands wilderness environment seek peace beauty discover walked trap mountain victims suffer die hundreds lose lives skill courage members mountain search rescue teams brian mike fourteen olds found friendly looking peaks mountain range turn deadly enemies short hike warm autumn afternoon thought wear shirt cutoffs tennis shoes
castle stood steep hill town round bottom hill ran outer castle wall massive gateway inside gate doctor house approach castle going surgery door garden door hundred steps bothered castle supposed haunted case wants empty place falling ruins let doctor prowl round wanted doctor thought odd townspeople young established writing rude patients took describing symptoms abruptly tell beat bush arranged surgery hour businesslike patients sat rows large waiting room amusing illustrated paper view castle filled window oppressive manner patient picked numbered card box arrived waited doctor rang bell flashed number indicator patient hurried surgery breathlessly recited symptoms doctor grew impatient received medicine dropped card box paid treatment hurried door led straight main castle gateway means incoming outgoing patients allowed entangled halls passageways creating confusion holding proceedings
mean yoko asked garza supposed compare major countries north america compare points garza laughed decide things compare gather information countries classify information country summarize information paragraph remember yoko compared states size population gather information classify country comparisons summary report garza job yoko decided items comparison divided sheet paper columns left column entered items wanted country top remaining columns wrote countries gathered information entered item column careful enter row re classifying classifying country type information yoko completed table looked yoko began summary paragraph areas canada united states larger mexico canada largest land area smallest population population united states greater countries combined countries mountain peaks exceed feet meters united states mount mckinley feet meters highest elevation
uri sat edge raft sniffing wind mafatu took dog uri howled unmercifully left mafatu rely companionship yellow dog boy talked animal person consulting arguing playing play close morning approached spot fish trap anchored mafatu saw polished dorsal hated hammerhead circling slowly water triangle black basalt making furrow water passed aia ma boy shouted roughly trying bolster courage knife today coward robs traps catch fish hammerhead approached raft leisurely fashion rolled slightly gaping jaws curve yawning grin uri ran edge raft barking furiously hair dog neck stood bristling ridge shark unconcerned moved whip powerful tail rushed bamboo fish trap seized jaws mafatu struck dumb hammerhead shook trap terrier shake rat boy watched fascinated unable move saw muscles fish neck tail thrashed water fury trap splintered bits fish escaped vanish shark mouth mafatu filled impotent rage hours spent making trap shout threats enemy
reached michigan avenue saw sections shingles weatherboarding roofs sides houses ablaze flying air wagonload household goods passed full gallop rush street bridge driver lashing horses unaware load fired spark blazing watching chance dived avenue group throng wagons galloping horses lakeshore place south mouth river beach wider north south beach narrower driven heat water drowned merchants lakefront carrying goods beach bolts bolts silk woolen linen cloth cotton clothing women cloaks furs millinery jewelry silverware groceries resentful crowds later merchants filling space goods confusion excitement terror patch ground sat watched fire nearest point opposite heat retreat farther edge beach waded water pushed blazing embers fell sunrise flames crossed river citizens north side city river fire suddenly discovered horror waterworks buildings burning nearly mile
poets writing ordinary things makes things eyes hear ears read poem poem read paul laurence dunbar compares falling rain strings harp sitting harp playing wind harpist poet wind human qualities play harp strings sing low refrain poem paul laurence dunbar rain figurative language makes description appealing hard forget read heard poem rain dull uninteresting hear wind think harpist sitting harp plucking strings singing low refrain figurative language literal language literal language words ordinary dictionary meanings exaggeration originality figurative language goes ordinary meanings words help pictures minds figurative language figures speech figures speech expressions words unusual sense dictionary meanings description clearer beautiful figure speech paul laurence dunbar poem rain songs saying rain streaming harp strings sky figure speech called simile simile compares things alike similes introduced
house quarters underground thought battle insects moved recalls owner north carolina haven screens glass doors mosquitoes flies open doors summer gather crickets spiders expert states underground home built properly concrete invasion flying insects termites rodents reptiles experience support part statement underground house survey invaded common pests ant roach fears ground dwellers pleasures named underground motivated move contractor twenty lived lot houses says illinois owner started checking underground houses wanted build house wouldn burn delivered security built faster cheaper immune tornadoes lightning storms low maintenance wiped high fuel bills house seeking energy saving important item owners underground homes tales dramatically slashed heating cooling bills common benefit reduced noise families lived underground houses stop talking quiet barely heard hurricane skirted area ago say couple jacksonville florida earth sheltered home underground dweller says loft sound radio playing downstairs kitchen ear fact
balance beam implies single beam gymnast balances performs exercises bit sixteen feet inches wide feet ground vital dimension course inch width surface championships won lost average nongymnast difficult walking end beam try place board side chairs try walk end gymnast walk balance beam cartwheels handsprings variety moves gymnast performs beam ease movements floor watch olympic medal winners caliber remember watching class gymnasts perform average gymnast springboard assist getting beam spotters side beam catch steady begins losing balance obviously order business beam variety mounts varying difficulty difficult requiring strength agility straddle mount page gymnast approaches middle beam jumps arms unbendingly supporting weight legs straight side arms hands feet length beam finding proper center balance gymnast falls pretty difficult job
young part jobs school finish school young look full jobs look job fill job application part typical job application shown page employers require personal interview addition application interview employer means seriously considered job ways personal interview fill job application careful manner pointers help job application applications ask routine factual information age address school applications ask questions think regardless information requested questions asked responses typed neatly written legibly try communicate desire job orderly appearance responses filling form respond questions give desired information things employers want employees honesty filling job application answer questions direct honest haven experience directly related job feel learn write experience kind learn quickly likely honesty impress employer jobs likes pleasant personality
monster whale shark largest shark largest fish known today exceedingly rare scattered specimens observed tropical oceans whale shark average length fifty feet according zoologists weighs fifteen tons large specimens attain length sixty feet harpooned baby liver weighing hundred pounds collection thousand teeth broad jaws monster large began swim circles round raft head visible side tail stuck incredibly grotesque inert stupid seen fullface help shouting laughter realized strength tail smash balsa logs ropes pieces attacked narrower narrower circles raft wait happen appeared side glided amiably steering oar lifted air oar blade slid creature spotted stood round raft hand harpoons ready action toothpicks relation mammoth beast deal indication whale shark thought leaving circled round faithful dog close raft experienced thought experience adventure sea monster swimming raft completely unnatural seriously
going animals look animals mom animals going zoo animals going zoo going zoo wanted look animals going look animals going zoo animals zoo look shop zoo animals going shop going shop animals books going look animal books animal books going look books going animals animals play wanted shop zoo animals zoo animals animals play look ship look sails looks sailing ship grandpa makes ships ships grandpa makes jars ships jars ships jars grandpa ships jars house grandpa grandpa tim tim wants ship jar tim house going ship jar
help find animal help find animal want place zoo place find animals help look animal want animal find book show book show animal looks looks find animal zoo show zoo help look animal want look animal looking looks wanted animal animal find look animal want animal look animal find zoo animal book zoo animal grandma told jen put mail jen mail going find grandma jen want find play put dog grandma told jen tell tell going chose want jen looked mail jen mom mail mom told jen mail box jen grandma put mail
book adventure lead places want sign aboard human natural born geographer small child wanted explore wanted discover cupboard room end block grew school watched television places home wanted explore downtown ride country bicycle parents distant places saw wanted knew wanted going find natural born geographer going pay geographer gain understanding earth geographers study places earth surface places order observe describe places geographers tools tools charts diagrams graphs maps photographs tables learn tools read book part book look earth seeing space recently able earth viewpoint discover live diverse places hilly flat places lots areas farmers
beginning century believed stones fall sky falling stones recorded earliest times scientists reports nonsense eyewitnesses events ridiculed supposed delusions today known masses stone metal called meteorites fall earth surface space fact meteorites fall hour night place earth surface modern times record person killed fall meteorite animals killed meteorites injured damaged property chances struck meteorite unlikely scientists estimate approximately meteorites fall disappear trace percent earth surface water fall oceans seas unnoticed fall remote places deserts mountainous areas attention scientists ten studied meteorites studied stone iron nickel scientists study meteorites thought fragments materials planets solar system entering earth atmosphere meteorite looks fast moving star night sky clear approaching meteorite looks brilliant swift moving fireball observers describe fireballs variety colors red orange yellow green blue white
unit saw earth appears space learned earth location size shape movements ready examine earth closely live earth crust crust earth surface thin layer rocks soil compare thin layer rocks soil skin apple apple skin represents small part apple earth crust represents small part earth asked earth answer rocks soil partly true air water part earth solid surface live earth air water land words atmosphere consists gases surround planet waters earth hydrosphere lithosphere solid part earth crust atmosphere extends miles kilometers earth surface air consists gases nitrogen oxygen air water vapor countless specks dust atmosphere serves purposes air breathe serves insulating blanket keeps warm night protects sun heat hydrosphere oceans lakes rivers bodies water ice water found air ground water important ways animals plants need water live
help understand population growing rapidly need look fast populations individual countries growing measure growth percentage called rate natural growth figure things birth rates death rates birth rate number births death rate number deaths subtract death rate birth rate natural growth thousand figure expressed percent pretend death rate country birth rate difference figures twenty percent rate natural growth percent rate natural growth predict fast country population grow population double size growth rate percent growth rate percent population double growth rate percent doubling population average rate growth today percent rate population double natural growth rate country countries stages population growth stage populations grow slowly children die babies medicines knowledge diseases spread
country farms average acres hectares machinery farmer grow food feed true australia canada zealand south africa countries produce food surpluses sell extra food countries crowded countries europe japan farming intensive places machinery hand labor technology combined produce highest crop yields countries manage grow food sell food countries plantation special kind commercial farm found chiefly low latitude areas machinery clearing land workers plant care crops plantations include housing workers families plantation workers paid cash plantation crops bananas coffee cotton rubber sugar cane tea farming raising animals extensive intensive parts nomads herd animals large areas search food water nomadic groups reindeer herders arctic sheep herders mountain lands sheep cattle camel herders desert semiarid lands find areas nomadic herding map pages animals supply nomads need land travel consider land belongs ranching ranchers practice extensive kind land graze animals grasslands dry farming ranchers land live ranch move animals place place ranch
countries today highly mixed economy features capitalism socialism government owns means production mines steel mills transportation communication systems factories businesses farms belong individuals central planning government regulations severely restrict individual owners basically owners competitive try profit goods produce mixed economy called middle extent found mexico countries western europe developing countries left hand side chart communist countries include soviet union countries eastern europe cuba china north korea vietnam countries command economy socialist system system called communism reality label political term means production owned government owns transportation communication lines decisions basis central plans generally needs industrial development consumer needs central planning lead problems find shortages food things stores factories turn goods poor quality production goals met competition encourage attention quality overcome problems communist countries capitalist ways managers factories consumer goods try find want buy factories compete help grow food farm workers grow vegetables raise animals small fields homes
country buys sells abroad united states trade nearly important united states industrialized countries chart comparing leading trading countries trade large compared gross national product nineteenth century industrial strength developing population rapidly expanding country aware vast resources industrializing country united states fortunate borders abundance raw materials expanding market manufactured products early united states interested protecting home industries selling products abroad carried trade exported sold furs lumber wheat cotton manufactured goods imported bought things country included spices tea coffee special goods chinese porcelain french perfume united states high tariffs taxes competing foreign products tariffs slowed trade united states countries industrializing countries fortunate united states needed import raw materials needed search markets products industries highly mechanized produced sold home needed markets abroad situation helped bring wars ii countries thought develop empire rule number powerful countries access raw materials markets
aztecs line indian groups ruled parts middle america distinct middle american civilization began develop ago southern mexico indian groups gained power ruled period lost power group left stone buildings monuments help accomplishments mayans built observatories study movement sun moon stars planets worked accurate calendar descendants mayans live today guatemala yucatan peninsula mexico toltecs central mexico aztecs built enormous pyramids lava adobe sun dried clay mud ruins ancient pyramids stand mexico city middle american culture centers rulers priests artisans lived cities surrounding cities farmers tilled land slash burn system farming corn main food crop ground baked flat bread tortillas eaten mexico today trade existed group built ideas achievements previous groups middle american civilization lasted spaniards destroyed aztec civilization place introduced civilization spain spanish brought horses cattle dry plateau lands northern mexico spanish conquerors title large grants land indians workers spanish estates gold silver mines brought wealth spain million indians middle america spanish conquest spaniards greatly outnumbered spaniards took indian wives
tropical rainforest climate centers amazon river basin found wet eastern slopes andes brazilian guiana highlands find areas climate map pages heat moisture climate sun rays received vertically climate graph iquitos peru tells climate difference temperature coldest warmest month iquitos receives inches rain high temperatures heavy rainfall produce broadleaf trees green branches leaves form canopy top level trees shut light forest floor ground damp spongy decaying plant animal river banks sunlight reach ground vegetation thick impossible soils badly leached main ways living hunting fishing subsistence farming subsistence farmers slash burn method plantations coast navigable rivers crops bananas sugar cane citrus fruits rice cacao grown savanna climate found north south rainforest areas rain occurs sun rays received vertically dry low sun period trade winds blow climate graph recife brazil tells story note wet season recife dry season lasting months rainforest vegetation disappears rivers
europe today separate countries tiny independent political units europeans think primarily europeans poles swedes greeks italians european countries nation states means live speak language members cultural group share traditions feelings national loyalties countries cultural groups wars fought past europe nation states grew tried extend boundaries devastating wars war ii war ended europeans found ways cooperate prosper national identities lesson learn europe past help understand european countries similar distinct europe originally settled east earliest wanderers north european plain danube valley mediterranean sea languages spoken today india ireland distantly related settled europe represented european language groups west celtic languages north germanic languages east slavic languages southeast illyrian languages ago living europe settled farmers valley hilly area tended develop language variation greek language offshoot ancient illyrian language group twenty hundred ago greek peoples advanced civilization practiced democracy developed organized thinking known philosophy
countries occupy peninsulas mediterranean europe spain portugal west italy center yugoslavia albania greece east yugoslavia albania communist governments tied soviet union countries democracies close ties western europe island country cyprus tiny political units found mediterranean europe andorra malta monaco san marino vatican major countries mountains reach sea narrow fertile coastal plains mediterranean climate summers hot rain falls chiefly winter inland north climate continental rain falls spain semiarid central plateau crops land countries raise irrigated citrus fruit rice dairy cattle river valleys wheat barley fruit grown gentle slopes olives grapes raised steeper slopes goats sheep raised land crops grow countries farmland farmers countries rich history scenery draw tourists parts tourism helps economies countries industrializing mediterranean countries rich western europe spain portugal suffered period decline lost colonial empires americas trying hard industrialize spain rich mineral resources especially iron ore industries include making automobiles steel textiles madrid spain capital manufacturing center portugal industry
europe asia peninsulas west peninsula occupied turkey called asia minor anatolia arabian peninsula occupied chiefly saudi arabia indian peninsula shared pakistan india bangladesh burma forms peninsula malay peninsula includes parts burma thailand malaysia indochina peninsula occupied thailand laos cambodia vietnam korea peninsula northeast coast china asia large islands sri lanka stands groups islands rim southeastern eastern coast asia east indies occupied indonesia malaysia eastern islands include philippines taiwan main islands japan read high himalayas rugged andes rockies alps rugged mountains form high ranges running turkey iran afghanistan high pamirs northeastern afghanistan mountain ranges directions heads northeastward western china eastern siberia himalayas sweeps curves southward southeast asia mountains form backbone offshore islands rivers flow asia mountains indian pacific oceans rich soil lower courses supports largest clusters north himalayas plateaus basins asia areas dry himalayas cut asia sources rainfall south asia distances sea high mountain barrier combine produce driest areas dry basins extremes temperature
north africans muslims speak arabic cultural ties lands southwest asia north africans ties europe morocco algeria tunisia french possessions libya possession italy france britain ruled egypt today french language trade contacts north africa europe workers north africa find jobs france european tourists visit north africa compared african countries north africa prosperous africa total territory total population total income maghreb arabic word means furthest west maghreb countries morocco algeria tunisia colonies rome later maghreb lands converted islam arabs settled arabs gave religion original inhabitants berbers arabs mix berbers language maghreb today cultures side side berber arab french maghreb live chiefly mediterranean climate area atlas mountains sea area mild moist winters hot dry summers sheep goat herders summer pastures high mountain slopes winter pastures lowlands centuries herders roamed freely animals destroyed vegetation slopes foothills farmers raise wheat barley plows drawn donkeys coastal plain farmers raise irrigated crops citrus fruit grapes cotton sugar cane
senegal africa west coast angola nineteen countries seaport part territory rainforest part lighter tropical forest hot moist climate seasonal rainfall western coastland countries crowded parts africa africa population fourth territory western forest countries account percent africa income part earnings comes tropical hardwoods part comes tropical cash crops farmers region slash burn subsistence farmers population growing causing farmers raise cash crops means earnings minerals countries valuable minerals uplands petroleum coastal lowland areas bringing income nigeria gabon angola countries independent close relations earlier colonial rulers countries grouped depending kind european rule countries senegal guinea ivory coast togo benin cameroon congo central african republic gabon french france ruled lands children school taught french language learned french history geography culture brightest african students universities france representatives french government african countries independent chose close ties france today invitation thousands france living africa hold variety jobs france chief trading partner african countries
manage protect natural resources wisely called conservationists natural environment concerned soil water plants animals concerned conservationists want help resources ways conservation earth resources wasted damaged destroyed conservationists wide variety activities conservationists soil scientists farmers trouble crops call soil scientists specialists test soil chemicals map farmers land map shows exactly kind soil land slopes soil scientists give advice grow crops farmers land recommend contour plowing sloping land suggest strip cropping means farmers plant clover grass strips grain crops clover grass hold soil grain crops soil scientists recommend crop rotation means planting crops pieces land conservationists specialize water problems called water conservationists farmers need advice fight soil erosion conservationists suggest terracing land suggest building pathways water runoff remove soil water conservationists involved protecting wildlife live lakes rivers conservationists study weather patterns aware conservation problems occur winter frequent visits mountainous areas measure amount snow
thinking involved problem solving decide comb hair wear thinking problem consider solutions effects important decisions seek advice friend teacher parent considering information decide solution problem scientists solve problems scientists find answers questions problem investigating problems stumble discoveries perfect rule guides scientists research try logical method scientific method limits answers decreases chances making errors problem solving scientific method starts observations detailed observations depend senses observation reliable scientists able repeat observation times observations describe amount size shape color odor substance observations scientific data scientists shown collect data analyze problem reasonable guess called hypothesis event happens hypotheses form basis investigations testing distinguishes scientific method everyday solving problems scientists test hypothesis experiments reduce chance error scientists quantities unchanged experimenting quantity scientists test hypotheses observations experiments support hypothesis hypotheses rejected hypotheses accepted prove incorrect researchers experiment continually collect data improve reject hypothesis
hurray accidents comment sound strange science book scientific research carefully accurately planned carried accidents help development science american inventor charles goodyear accidental discovery picture shows goodyear experimenting kitchen stove goodyear trying find improve natural rubber normal temperatures rubber tough pliable solid heated rubber soft sticky tar hot car tires natural rubber melt stick highway goodyear heard adding sulfur rubber sticky found sulfur completely solve problem heating batch rubber goodyear spilled liquid stove liquid burned smoked turned charred mess result accident surprised rubber cooled tougher natural rubber spilled rubber soft sticky high temperatures addition cold stiffen rubber goodyear mistake improved natural rubber goodyear named process vulcanization vulcan roman god fire vulcanized rubber tires hoses rubber products able find valuable things vulcanization accidentally called serendipity scientists course careful research accidents happen occasionally experimental results expect important thing advantage unusual results accidents scientist louis pasteur chance favors prepared mind meant accidents lead discoveries prepared understand learn accident
sliding hockey puck picture slows interferes movement instance puck hit player stick crash side rink slow friction occurs object scrapes friction occurs smooth ice rough pavement puck glides farther ice bumpy sidewalk physicist isaac newton observed moving objects thought nature motion noticed moving objects tend moving stops newton realized fact thought objects tended slow stop realized friction results rubbing rolling sliding surface slows objects newton realized moving object keeps moving friction slow stop observed stationary object remains makes move tendency resist motion inertia hockey puck lying rink stays place inertia sliding puck moves constant velocity somethingslows stops inertia velocity moving object force side rink exerts force puck crashes friction force surfaces opposes forces object newton law motion states force acts moving object object going speed direction object stopped remain law called law inertia
simple machines combined machine compound machines combinations simple machines shovel hoe ax scissors pencil sharpener shown examples compound machines shovel hoe ax handle serves lever blade wedge pair scissors levers wedge shaped blades pencil sharpener picture consists wheel axle screws type wheel axle machine crank turn crank sharpen pencil wedge shaped threads screws turn mechanical advantage compound machine depends mechanical advantages simple machines compound machines parts complex machines automobiles tractors power shovels complex machines simple compound machines picture simple machine eggbeater amount machine puts machine effort wasted useless overcoming friction complex machines parts movable parts produce friction friction obtained large complex machines efficiency machine amount obtained compared amount put machine perfectly efficient find efficiency machine divide put find percentage multiply number
consider objects group objects giving taking energy find total amount energy stays fact observed called law conservation energy skier hiked hill gained energy force gravity skier stopped top hill moving kinetic energy energy gained walking hill energy called potential energy energy object position skier moves hill shown photograph potential energy kinetic energy energy skier gains reach top hill equal potential energy top hill force acts gravity pulling weight distance moves height hill meters mass kilograms calculate potential energy look drawings skier top hill potential energy joules total energy gain skies hill potential energy changed kinetic energy energy conserved skier joules energy place hill energy kinetic rest potential reaches bottom hill potential energy meters energy conserved energy gained climbing hill kinetic energy
materials space heated space cooled expansion increase size material contraction decrease size expansion contraction noticeable golden gate bridge meters longer summer winter kinetic theory matter explains expansion contraction happen steel rod heated particles move bump particles knock farther space particles increases rod expands shown rod cools particles move closer rod contracts rubber water behave rod heat stretched rubber band gently rubber contracts rubber band cools expands cooled water contracts reaches temperature water expands freezes expansion makes ice dense water ice floats water expansion contraction problems structures buildings bridges engineers design bridges toothlike seams shown summer teeth clamp bridge expands winter teeth separate bridge contracts materials expand contract rate thermostat device metal strips welded shown metal expands contracts amount curve strips increases bending pulls strips switch controls appliance furnace furnace shuts air room cools metal contracts amount
elements known chemist dmitri mendeleev noticed relationship atomic masses properties known elements listed elements table order atomic masses shown leave spaces elements properties known elements fall groups mendeleev put elements similar characteristics columns noticed similar chemical properties appeared regular intervals periodically table called periodic table elements mendeleev believed spaces marked elements known hoped scientists discover predicted elements properties elements column mendeleev recognized titanium ti properties similar carbon silicon si column elements left blank mendeleev predicted element atomic mass calcium titanium found fill gap later element discovered named scandium sc properties atomic mass mendeleev predicted scientists discovered elements periodic table physicist henry moseley found element properties closely related atomic number atomic mass periodic table based elements atomic numbers present periodic table appears pages elements known today eighty elements occur naturally earth artificially exist fraction box periodic table element symbol
felt excitement riding bicycle faster faster smooth level road imagine strength unlimited bicycle hundreds higher gears increasing speed suppose friend measures speed mass pass spots path mass greater closer reaching speed light tenths speed light mass large start extra mass einstein person mass grows speed increases growth shown graph einstein stated mass created energy original mass faster neared speed light energy pedaling change mass speed larger mass increase slowly einstein theory predicts object mass fast speed light produce energy object fast object mass increasing einstein realized matter mass takes space recognized matter energy simply forms pointed small amount matter change large amount energy formula einstein realized total amount energy matter energy matter change lost change idea called law conservation mass energy
lemon juice water sugar form uniform mixture substance seen broken small particles kind mixture solution common kind solution solid liquid sugar water diagrams show sugar dissolves individual particles break lump particles water attract sugar particles spread spaces water particles particles evenly mixed substances settle layers stay mixed sugar particles combine chemically water particles tiny seen sugar particles small pass filter solutions consist liquid dissolved water alcohol form solution car radiators prevent water freezing solutions gas dissolved liquid fish breathe air dissolves water surface ocean lake stream picture shows bubbles gas glass carbonated water dissolved gas carbon dioxide water fizz substance dissolves materials solvent dissolve sugar water water solvent substance dissolved solute sugar solute solution water sugar water commonly solvent materials dissolve water turpentine remove oil based paints brushes paints dissolve turpentine water solution large small amount solute solutions small amount solute dilute
poisoning drinking water progress cleaning lakes rivers quality groundwater worse reason problem activities lives enjoyable result harmful waste products farmers fertilizers insecticides chemicals crops grow chemicals seep earth pollute groundwater salts mining operations highway de icing add pollution groundwater making plastics medicines drugs cosmetics synthetic fibers source dangerous waste products today dump chemical wastes landfills shown bury underground groundwater rapidly polluted burning fossil fuels result formation sulfuric nitric acids acids fall earth acid rain acids eventually reach groundwater drainage industrial dumps landfills adds pollutants including strong bases water polluted groundwater major concern americans depend groundwater drinking cooking household percent citizens including percent rural citizens water groundwater nearly half water irrigate crops comes groundwater polluted groundwater easy clean groundwater moves meters natural processes clean limited amount wastes water wastes dumped ground pollutants stay groundwater polluted groundwater reduce amount waste products throw give plastics medicines synthetic fibers chemical products
light spreads source straight lines called rays paint sprayed light objects object blocks light shadow forms drawings compare light reaches size square distance square source increases greater distance source light reaches square amount light reaching area intensity light waves travel quickly nearby events instant occur raise window shade light enters fraction light source light travel noticeable sunlight takes minutes reach earth stars light travels reaches earth fact stars burned light atoms tiny particles matter atom amount energy atom gain energy ways heating passing electricity atoms extra energy atom gains energy atom excited atom give extra energy return usual energy released energy light atoms gain give energy specific amounts help think idea imagine standing staircase stand step steps atom energy levels stairs atom gain lose amounts energy energy levels steps allowed
stores lasers speed checkout lines product carries universal product code shown clerk bounces laser beam bands code computer senses beam identifies code figures bill keeps track store sells information helps storekeepers save money laser left reads printed words signals satellite city printed heat powerful laser beams welds sheet metal parts joins glass plastic parts lasers cut fabric fifty suits cut metal shown movies lessons information recorded laser special disk disk read house laser beam phonograph needle signals played home television disk hold separate pictures encyclopedia fit disk laser beams travel straight lines companies line lenses cameras construction companies straight line laser light show direction dig tunnel doctors lasers cut part body hurting laser heat cleans seals area boiling blood tissue germs surgical team laser photographs retina covers inside part eyeball retina pulls rest eye blindness result laser beam focused edge retina welds retina place fraction
think ways energy photographs illustrate energy warms home winter cools summer energy supplies heat warm showers dishwashers washing machines stoves ovens refrigerators freezers energy office buildings factories depend energy home buildings need heating cooling lighting office machines typewriters calculators computers energy factories need energy products realizing large amounts energy daily energy supplies fuel needed buses trains trucks ships airplanes energy grow ship food electricity familiar form energy shown turn radio flip light switch electrical energy appliances irons toasters televisions hair dryers electrical energy multiply amount energy number neighborhood imagine energy think happen ran energy city electrical energy look picture photograph shows york city night supply electrical energy cut electricity source energy electricity mines coal uranium wells oil natural gas energy sources electricity coal oil uranium nuclear reactor hot water inside earth falling water energy sources electricity diagram shows produce electricity
deciding energy source problem americans century thought coal oil natural gas needed fossil fuels scarcer expensive fuel prices increase energy sources expensive making synthetic fuels expensive thought lot oil thought making synthetic fuels need obtain energy source graph predicts energy sources decide energy source considering location environment purpose energy northwest rivers hydroelectric power energy source wind energy source oklahoma strong winds southwest solar energy sun rays directly overhead sky clear choosing energy source consider effect environment nuclear power plants produce large amounts electricity wastes stored hot water release controlled oil spills tankers harm environment shown power plants run coal release harmful pollutants air solar collectors windmills require lot land space grow food mining materials solar cells dangerous consider want energy solar energy provide heat hot water private homes expensive generate electricity solar energy community
drawing shows idea universe began astronomers think matter galaxies packed dense mass believe exploded billion ago big bang explosion center occurred space according big bang theory giant explosion matter strong radiation directions radiation quickly changed matter galaxies eventually formed matter galaxies developed continued speed space directions lightest elements hydrogen helium formed soon big bang scientists predicted big bang theory correct universe weak radio waves coming directions radio waves remainder radiation big bang scientists discovered waves discovery supports big bang theory galaxies occur large groups called clusters picture shows cluster galaxies objects round galaxies astronomers determine mass cluster galaxies studying motion galaxy cluster galaxy moved rapidly escape cluster cluster broken strong gravity hold galaxies strong gravity results large mass cluster large mass astronomers surprised amount mass clusters galaxies small part mass visible astronomers rest mass invisible think hidden black holes hidden form particles hard detect
weird shop ask sasaki job mouth shut young appearance altogether harmonize job clerk flower shop delivery boy sasaki seen clerks sorts temperaments conducts technique waiting customers acquired eventually tell safe side watched boss readily young glad extra hand busy season coming sasaki undoubtedly remembered rush tommy sasaki hands tied backs things wanted ready clerk set kind business tell teruo looking job morning glory flower shop set boss concerned teruo reported morning sasaki left tommy hands tommy number clerk tommy teach sasaki teruo going sure tommy tommy florist watch listen boss told young sasaki young turned teruo
read newspaper section pass lost found advertisements buried pages habit picked grandmother took keen interest lost honestly reporting items found colony couple advertisements lost black puppy white patch eye answers spot call beaver reward grandmother draw picture child sobbing sleep night parents searching streets anxiously calling hopeless voices spot spot boy picture real sit tears eyes willing spot answer wanting child cry joy sorrow thought lost items equal interest wondered found items visualizing happy claimants honest finders handsomely rewarded moments god heaven moved swiftly land fantasy realities grandmother found asked hopping excitement lavaliere grandmother absolutely overwhelmed found hand magnificent lavaliere expensive running fingers fortune grandmother positively held regular fortune breathed going asked
clock wind sprang howled barn spite worry jody grew sleepy blankets sleep breathy groans pony sounded dreams sleep heard crashing noise awakened wind rushing barn sprang looked lane stalls barn door blown open pony caught lantern ran gale saw gabilan weakly shambling darkness head legs working slowly mechanically jody ran caught forelock allowed led put stall groans louder fierce whistling nose jody didn sleep hissing pony breath grew louder sharper glad billy buck dawn billy looked pony seen felt ears flanks jody won want run house jody grabbed fiercely forearm re going shoot billy patted hand going open hole windpipe breathe nose filled put brass button hole breathe jody couldn wanted awful red hide cut infinitely terrible cut
took half dozen level exams pass want studying try university passed history geography english failed rest honestly didn worry think main reaction mine glad concentrate training winter santa barbara california sunshine beaches london cold rain wouldn let swim bad running muscles trained santa barbara striders dad arranged contacts coach called joe watson taught lot worked starts stride arm action yards gradually moving competitive joe convinced basic speed hundred shoot couple re stronger reckon running quarter dad trying coaches suppose bottom wanted coach till think realized couldn needed professional coaches couldn reconcile happen pick coach think fabulous maybe states maybe england maybe germany scandinavia fellow fall
jar marbles kind wealth sister opal owned hundred forty marbles took miser satisfaction pouring bed watching roll valleys gathering heavy glassy weight cold soon warming hand marble individually beautiful kind classic greek perfection shone roundness sister opal father magnifying glass perfect marbles disclosed blemishes pits scratches sister opal liked unmagnified smallness found greatest touched shade leaped startled top wooden roller chattered seconds fright clung tightly wound warm breath milky fog window glass warm finger wrote sailors died scurvy truly opal foote downstairs sister opal family sat table dark sullen crunched toast stabbed eggs whirlpools coffee spoons sister opal bad tempered family mornings conversations mumbles pass sugar salt noontime family chatty warm suppertime high spirits sister opal brothers roy worked night shift ge jovial suppertime sister opal weary morning sister opal father asked homework sister opal thought homework yellow leaves dropping softly yellow blank pages dropped wastepaper basket night guilty sister opal jammy toast hearing father home school roy dinner pail start supper mama late
indian twentieth century modern destroying left indian native americans today experience problems living cultures indians identify heritage live reservation reservations ranging acre size west virginia difficult reservation water supplies scarce electricity plumbing nonexistent unemployment rates high school facilities inadequate students attend boarding schools homes reservations organized schools community centers small industries tourism source income reservations building staffing vacation resorts city native americans kinds jobs live kinds homes maintaining ancestral identity attending annual tribal festivals fared city pay rent lives wear clothes mingle strangers handle vocabulary indian centers try help ease culture shock generally indian young want want chance decent job raise family live pursue pleasures ambitions find growing culture care lose completely reject indian heritage lose gain realize part american experience started centuries columbus
re giving ether torpedo room cut re feeling group anxious faced arms thrust reversed white pajama coats gauze bandages hid expressions tensity eyes acute appendix inside dean rector pains unendurable rector birthday sea nineteen sea surface enemy waters crossed recrossed japanese destroyers transports nearest surgeon competent operate rector thousands miles prevent appendix bursting crew operate chief surgeon twenty pharmacist mate wheeler lipes classified electrocardiographer seen navy doctors appendixes thought difficulty ether crew find appendix didn want patient waking finished decided operate table officers wardroom room patient head feet reached ends hanging medical book read appendix knew role cook provided ether mask inverted tea strainer covered gauze surgeon staff senior age rank carried rector wardroom submarine captain asked lipes talk patient look dean lipes
gods goddesses ancient greece peculiar lot established terrible war brothers zeus poseidon hades waged race older gods called titans titans finally overthrown zeus poseidon hades drew lots divide earth zeus won sky poseidon sea hades underworld zeus ruled earth brothers sisters spouses additional gods goddesses making home mount olympus olympians quarrelsome family ruled universe peacefully immortal displayed range emotions finds mortals bad manners petty jealousies spring god goddess fights follow played favorites humans give special powers difficult olympians influence events determine mortals fates earth largely unpredictable background trojan war started touched jealousy gods eris goddess discord invited feast angry snubbed threw banquet hall golden apple words beautiful goddesses immediately claimed apple hera wife almighty zeus athene daughter goddess wisdom battle aphrodite daughter law goddess love appealed zeus choose knew involved argument advised mountainside young prince paris tending father sheep
black ships beat northward land cyclopes ulysses ignorant mighty curse blind giant fastened beginning hope fair sailing rest home impatient took helm night sailors pleaded rest wild eagerness home wife penelope young son telemachus dear land ithaca seen ten end night light staining sky saw strange wall bronze tall wide floating sea blocking thought trick light rubbed eyes looked towering bright wall beaten bronze thought stretch sea began sail wall shore island trying find finally huge gate gazed amazement gate swung open wind changed abruptly shrouds snapped sails bulged masts groaned ships fleet blown gate immediately clanged shut wall wind fell ulysses found ship drifting beautifully hilly island suddenly howling wind sun blown candle
lived forest england fowler named hugh supplied gamebirds high king table larger birds hunted bow shot bird fell smaller birds flocked gray clouds forest silken net wove net soft fine injure birds held fast hugh fowler pick choose plumpest doves high king table set free early summer hugh summoned court brought throne room hugh bowed low called king presence felt uncomfortable palace caught stone cage rise fowler listen king week married turning smile woman sat king held hand fowler fowler stared neat bird slim fair black eyes quiet restlessness seen beautiful hugh took tiny hand offered put lips dared kiss gold ring glittered finger king looked carefully fowler saw trembled king smile lady beauty turns head fowler lives solitary monk wooded cell
worlds imagination oz wonderland tartarus land sidewalk ends wabe moon twenty thousand leagues underthe sea aboard starship worlds number imagination transform castle forest railway carriage biology lab backyard human beings capable forming mental images things actually present wondrous consequences skyscrapers airplanes television fact developments technology modern comfortable imagined forms actual inventions astronauts apollo ii actually set foot moon lots company imagined going moon told stories find centuries actual landing july imagination basic natural human activity applied technology truly amazing inventions applied art longer create fantasy animal fables fairy tales ghost stories horror tales science fiction place fantasy fantasy hear magical dove speaking voice lady columba share thoughts feelings mongoose rikki beware horrible monster called jabberwock cheer hero brings head fantasy real think childish read modern realistic story watch television movie dramatization generally remind policewoman cowboy space travelers actors speaking words written
morning making payroll small circus pulling stakes ready roll town bent books writing paying maybe hear door open looked lanky fellow standing door shut tight looked door looked thin face narrow mustache black hair head sort wild sticking spots brown eyes funny twisted sort mouth white teeth showing moment mullins asked yes moon mullins lot fellows jokingly call anthony mullins real attempt sound showmanlike admit busy won softly walked desk smooth sideward step greased ball bearings matter busy sam angeli pleased meet angeli told anthony mullins sorry running quickly trapeze artist trapeze artists informed excellent performers budget call sam angeli smiling touching chest thumb
author methods create fictitious character author techniques character comes alive read lines lines examples follow national velvet enid bagnold velvet fourteen velvet short pale hair large protruding teeth sweet smile mouthful metal velvet passage artist include drawing want obviously physical description velvet method authors tell character method authors create characters characters speak passage velvet walking elderly neighbor walked black hat black waistcoat shirt sleeves going stables fond horses velvet feel going say bye fancied going carried heaven elisha horses say horses pony sir horses stables full em seen chestnut velvet sir pericles seen jump wish gentleman suddenly heartily rode miss ada pony huh velvet hurriedly obstinate stopped tell want tell looking horses sir
hour hour gun pointed lifeboat stern sat twenty days drifting covered shoot close quarters wouldn miss realized jumped glared hate guts especially barrett mate barrett harsh cracked voice re dope snyder hold forever re half asleep didn answer stay awake dared shut eyes maybe seventy hours soon doze instant happened pounce water left canteen lay legs wasn twenty days maybe pint give drops bloodshot eyes gladly kill drops didn count longer officer wrecked montala gun water craved tongues swollen cheeks sunken half crazy judged hundred miles east ascension storms atlantic swells easy morning sun hot hot scorched skin tongue thick clog throat rest single gulp water
marvin gregg laughed wildly clutched hair pulling stood straight side head mumbling chuckling leaned test tube smoke poured corner lab knocked door telephone rang gregg took attention thick green liquid tube chuckles groans eyes liquid slowly turned brown anguished cry smashed test tube wall ran laboratory passage marvin gregg presented intense highly emotional slightly mad story continued marvin bumped fellow scientist likely stop apologize turn muttering fiction stereotype character embodies traits commonly expected members group character belongs stereotype mad scientist founded assumption wrapped emotionally involved understand mind character presented stereotype qualities character individual stereotypes embody favorable unfavorable qualities kindly overworked country doctor hot tempered redhead shrewd tough private detective familiar stereotypes stereotypes consider reading characters television movies stereotypes fiction easily recognized reader knowledge behave
night cold wet small parlor lakesnam villa blinds drawn fire burned brightly father son chess possessed ideas game involving radical putting king sharp unnecessary perils provoked comment white haired lady knitting placidly fire hark wind white seen fatal mistake late amiably desirous preventing son seeing listening grimly surveying board stretched hand check think tonight father hand poised board mate replied son worst living bawled white sudden violence beastly slushy places live worst pathway bog road torrent don thinking suppose houses road let think matter mind dear wife soothingly win white looked sharply intercept knowing glance mother son words died lips guilty grin thin gray beard herbert white gate banged loudly heavy footsteps door rose hospitable haste opening door heard condoling arrival arrival condoled mrs white tut tut coughed gently husband entered room tall burly beady eye rubicund visage
drake forrester woke monday morning usual reluctance saturdays sundays agent closed office days knew ask question receive answer question answer heard nick drake sorry sorts lines told fish sentences likewise thanks nick slightest chance doorstep minutes follow hesitating words tell today close room apartment rate apartment house walk cheap meal finished early promise fulfilled parts played brilliantly lead play led barely forty big chance opportunity lead part humorous sophisticated delightful part knew simply popular playwrights interested wrote raw brutal lustful boys born late early civilizing influence american civilization arrived excused place
sits thirtieth street station watching newsman screen television waiting train station vibrates arrival departure trains arrive waiting expectant anxious schedules meet destinations purchased tickets round trip purchased ticket ticket represents destination decided destination recognizes woman wearing dresses sweaters carrying shopping bag full possessions obvious lady vagrant look locked possessions station lockers presence station temporary train comes knows baggage shipped ahead waiting train matter think railroad workers shift coming station looking usual think don tolerant looks express knowing distant relative house poor distant relative bad stroke luck taste finer things art museum stood picassos powells paintings mentioned fact remains knows fashion designing labels labels tell quality lend respectability clothing proof knows dress wearing
war ii uchida evacuated japanese descent california utah taught grade relocation camp born alameda california graduated university california disruption shortly wartime experiences began writing japanese folk tales japan ford foundation research fellowship stayed speaks japanese french yoshiko uchida living joy writing affirmation positive values uchida written twenty books adolescents younger children including journey topaz samurai gold hill reflect proud identity japanese american identity hopes reaffirm fourth generation japanese americans growing today uchida suited task raised issei generation parents strong ties japanese american ways maintained japanese traditions uchida remembers fondness grandfathers samurai lived tail end feudal system japan christian samurai values transmitted uchida child according uchida samurai violent warriors modern stereotype makes members military class retainers nobles considered elite intellectual group trained literature arts chinese philosophy code included values discipline loyalty respect elders strong heart understand beauty book oriented mother found read japanese stories daughters write poems
friends philip wedge gradual withdrawal human society wonderment bothered renounced knowing explanation woman money explanations absurd knew wedge wind matters eventually drove kind retirement thing curious feeling regard nose troubled suspicion black smudge side suspicion groundless attack suddenly unsettling causing embarrassment physical discomfort seen dining large company twist quickly chair point questioningly nose assured person nose spotless remain uneasy close eye attempt peer downward sideways suspected member throwing eyeballs sockets dip napkin fiercely tumbler dab hard nose reddening surprising company thing troubled subject suspicion feathers group persons drawing room warning throw hand desperately left shoulder flick real terror feeling basis fact pillow bed developed leak period week found feathers person
soon thirteen rode home heart fresno wind victor phonograph arm hitched hipbone victor record bicycle bicycle pieces gave postal telegraph messenger phonograph developed motor trouble soon book published traveling europe salvation army record special fondness reason special fondness listen remember happened reached home phonograph record phonograph cost ten dollars record seventy cents brand earned money messenger week quarter pocket mother home guggenheim judging expression face packing figs ounce packs knew weight size desired packers full hard ounce packs pack meant dollar half dollars packing ounce packs earn dollars days money welcome especially guggenheim dried fruit packing houses rosenberg seasonal season
reading poems seen poets elements poem reinforce sense poem meter rhyme metaphor alliteration important important contribute meaning poem essay consider aspect poet craft thought poem governing elements poem speaking voice poet chooses narrate message emotion mistake thinking poem autobiographical poet speaking directly mistake frequently distort meaning poem respond insufficiently inaccurately maya angelou dedicates poem elegy harriet tubman frederick douglass black leaders dead speaker poem speaks grave speaker tubman douglass collective voice dead certainly black died recent civil rights advance voice proud fulfilled speaks watching children grow naomi woman flower jim barnes looking arrowheads speakers direct teach admonish readers speak authority jacques poem late rising relies voices describes distance squalid condition starving radio tv broadcaster reports crime finally speaker reappears poet speakers order create humor sadness irony type figurative language actual intent expressed carries opposite meaning
imagine city athens march air pure cool bright spring morning annual festival honoring dionysus ancient greek god wine fertility joyous began days ago image god dionysus sits altar orchestra waiting witness days dramatic contests playwright named euripides presenting newest cycle plays today medea competes playwrights sophocles prestigious ivy wreath awarded playwright deemed citizen panel judges open air amphitheater athens holds thousands audience religious civic nature festival dionysus invited encouraged attend bright morning businesses law courts closed admission charge refunded afford compensated wages lost sitting approximately fifty rows seats built slope hillside citizens athens number school age boys voting population educated slaves women barred public events spectators look seats natural amphitheater round space bottom called orchestra raised platform house play performed open air theater vast hard communicate mood feeling distant spectators order improve spectators view actors larger accomplish actors wear thick soled boots robes huge sleeves
frog garden toad walking fine garden frog yes frog nice hard wish garden toad flower seeds plant ground frog soon garden soon asked toad soon frog toad ran home planted flower seeds seeds toad start growing toad walked times seeds start grow toad put head close ground cried seeds start growing seeds start grow toad put head close ground shouted seeds start growing frog ran path going asked seeds grow toad shouting frog poor seeds afraid grow seeds afraid grow asked toad yes frog leave days let sun shine let rain fall soon seeds start grow night toad looked window cried toad seeds started grow afraid dark toad garden read seeds story toad toad read story seeds toad sang songs seeds toad read poems seeds toad played music seeds toad looked ground seeds start grow cried toad seeds frightened
millicent maybe lived cook pleased buy pleased pleased mind wonder eat millicent morning maybe orange maybe pancakes maybe toast millicent decide ate wonder wear today millicent maybe rain maybe sun shine maybe cold maybe hot millicent decide wore maybe maybe book store maybe maybe shoe store maybe maybe food store soon millicent eaten fit bought room left millicent tell millicent saw ad morning newspaper shouted millicent put newspaper need ran pet shop wonder millicent parrots millicent decide buy took mind millicent talk parrots tell soon home yellow parrot flew millicent began cry bath
eddie lived apartment house sister named emma emma pulled fell mean front teeth fell edward called ebbie hard say eddie front teeth called ebbie mama papa grandma uncle arthur sister emma edward bigger called ebbie anymore learned say eddie front teeth learned called ebbie angry ebbie mama ebbie ebbie papa mean eddie edward ebbie uncle arthur asked morning knew looking looked hall ebbie written eddie piece paper taped hall table walked hall emma room ebbie written eddie piece paper taped emma wall ebbie asked uncle arthur wish knew grandma looked edward room ebbie written eddie piece paper taped wall uncle arthur ebbie asked papa mama thought mean eddie yes guess papa nice wish knew eddie papa thought heard move
theodore elephant sitting middle forest hurt leg problem morning theodore going meet cousin end forest theodore says cousin end forest middle forest bad leg walk theodore says ask friends advice friends comes theodore friend bird sitting middle forest asks bird problem says theodore bad leg walk meet cousin end forest bad leg fly end forest says bird theodore nice give advice says theodore bird friends says bird comes theodore friend daddy legs sitting middle forest asks daddy legs problem says theodore bad leg walk fly meet cousin end forest bad leg says daddy legs walk legs nice give advice says theodore friends says daddy legs comes theodore friend monkey sitting middle forest asks monkey problem says theodore bad leg walk
beautiful spring city maria early maria knows nice smell spring flowers feel warm sun hear birds singing maria spring green trees blue sky maria colors blind blind shep early shep young dog goes special school country school shep learns help blind shep guide dog guide school months today maria country meet shep live shep school month shep shep learn guide leave school maria meets shep feel friend loves dogs afraid hello shep says guess re family big hug maria tell bark shep happy teachers think shep maria early maria shep ready start training shep special collar maria learns hold learns talk shep guide shep knows means hears maria say sit stay words knows means maria pulls collar shep learning things months shep maria learn walk
picture popper captain cook appeared stillwater morning chronicle paragraph house painter received penguin air express admiral drake faraway antarctic press picked story week later photograph rotogravure seen sunday edition important newspapers large cities country naturally poppers felt proud happy captain cook happy suddenly ceased gay exploring walks house sit sulking refrigerator mrs popper removed stranger objects leaving marbles checkers captain cook nice orderly rookery won play bill tried marbles tried bite naughty captain cook janie leave children mrs popper feels mopey guess soon clear worse mopiness ailed captain cook sit white circled eyes staring sadly refrigerator coat lost lovely glossy look round stomach grew flatter turn mrs popper offer canned shrimps evening took temperature hundred degrees papa think call veterinary doctor afraid captain cook ill veterinary shook head animal doctor care penguin knew birds glance seriously ill
breton restaurant edge big woods cook town eat gallons special clam chowder ate homemade bread hot gingerbread talked cooking breton wished say food delicious wondered thought cook morning breton house wood fire moose yard blue moose stood looked breton inside pot coffee waited moose didn stood breton yard looking door mind warm moose asked frozen moose brushed past breton walked kitchen antlers touched ceiling moose sat floor breton stove closed eyes sat leaning stove breton stood kitchen looking moose moose didn move wisps steam began rise blue fur moose sighed sounded foghorn cup coffee breton asked moose clam chowder chowder moose breton filled bowl creamy clam chowder set floor moose dipped big nose bowl snuffled chowder
read words look familiar meaning don understand think happens rest sentence paragraph give clues context clues help figure meanings words read story watch words meaning hard talking aunt vicki uncle bert tease words act don mean words meaning night dinner asked uncle bert roll kitchen roll paper towels bill groaned meant roll eat uncle bert asked bring glasses kitchen drinking glasses uncle bert laughed guess wanted read drink recall words roll glasses story page meanings context story give words decide underlined word means sentences context clues help context clues help figure meaning words don seen heard word vex read paragraph context help decide word means tom don vex brother aunt ruth bother likes annoyed
foolishness fox looking directly small mole stretched flat leaf top large rock belong ground fry rock hoping happen mole vanished voice don want fox stupid unwilling moleish unwilling unable rest fox interest picked looked despairing animal respect naturally blind fox asked smoothed whiskers thoughtfully didn hide ability mole raised pointed head stone couldn love look talked slowly sat tunnel sunset let sky dazzle tell colors pop field ripe corn look stalks reached sky spires tell yes yes fox let cloud problem describing finally happened held meeting moles called assembly decided banish threw feel simply shoved burrow sack bad roots brothers sisters ashamed say goodbye fox gazed impatiently mole crying softly
ada garcia ten small ten olds look small grown ups ada looked small ten olds kids notice thought watching group classmates play kickball school act invisible ada don care ada picked schoolbooks ran home plopped books kitchen table quiet mother scolded brother taking nap don play ada mama papa rest ada thought headed downstairs invisible care wish half listening rumble subway ada plodded street unexpectedly bumped looked started foot hit hard ouch cried suddenly strange appeared feet tall wore purple hat red shirt pair bright green pants ada couldn believe eyes asked invisible answered invisible bumps seen minutes ada idea invisible sure don think miss miss cried ada parents guess wouldn hurt invisible maybe clock want invisible forever ada insisted
need find facts quickly answer question want subject place information encyclopedia encyclopedia set books information places things ideas book set called volume volume number letters notice numbers letters encyclopedia shown article encyclopedia called entry entry begins word phrase subject entry word phrase called entry word word entries arranged alphabetical order find volume entry looking match letter letters entry letter letters volume want find entry alaska look volume volume wanted find entry television number letter volume choose volumes entries begin letters volume shown page entries beginning letters number volume find entry jaguar entry kansas volumes needed hold entries begin letter encyclopedia shown page books needed entries beginning number volume find entry sculpture entry sun find information want encyclopedia think key word look
likely read heard stories magical characters stories called fairy tales knows fairy tale fairy tales told fairy tales alike ways read fairy tale woman named polly lived small cottage deep forest polly chop trees woodcutter kingdom polly tired chopping wood decided nap sleeping wicked troll took ax polly woke ax ax thought blinding flash light polly fairy godmother appeared don afraid child magic help find wicked troll stole ax times fairy tales open beginning end happily problems solved magic end words lived happily characters fairy tale task story polly task ax magical beings fairy tales fairies gnomes elves giants trolls magic powers witches wizards characters fairy tales characters bad bad bad
ago countries ruled kings princess lorna mother queen died soon lorna birth king loved daughter taking care kingdom busy princess contented studying tower library wandering palace grounds asking questions met wearing silly thing head asked royal guards exceedingly tall hat falling king orders answered guard carrot cake dessert asked royal baker answered don princess asked king orders royal baker flowers look alike asked royal gardener planted tulips answered royal gardener don plant kinds princess asked king orders royal gardener tulips grown country lorna asked questions village live kinds cottages wear striped clothes play village children asked answer king orders lorna grew tired studying palace tower wandering asking questions visited krone lived small cottage palace gate spent happy hours roaming nearby woods fields krone lorna learned ways wild creatures mysteries making healing potions herbs gathered help lorna learned art making cloth finer linen stems stinging nettle
murky light room deepened black sam window father burst house water streamed hat oozed boots sam ran screaming bangs thomas rock blue rock bangs thomas father turned quickly ran door ordered sam stay house hope tide covered rock yelled father sam sat listened rain hammer tin roof suddenly stopped sam closed eyes mouth tight waited quiet room waited forever heard father footsteps flung open door word bangs sam father shook head washed found thomas rock brought boat home safe bed tell happened sam started explain sobs choked cried hard father understood finally sam father bed sleep sam tell difference real moonshine moonshine mermaid mother fierce lion chariot drawn dragons certainly baby kangaroo flummadiddle bangs told told wouldn father say cat talking moonshine real mother real father bangs wasn bangs tears welled sam eyes ran ears making scratching noise
night boys girls benny home designs flag worked talked laughed held papers benny sat thinking quietly thinking loved alaska suddenly benny knew wanted flag wanted stars dreamed painted wrote blue field alaska sky forget alaskan flower north star future alaska northerly union dipper bear symbolizing strength benny didn show paper shy thought children designs gave paper teacher month teacher didn speak contest soon snow ice began melt benny began watch forget drying fields watched mend nets coming fishing season watched change white green school teacher called children children teacher flag contest ended alaska boys girls designs flag children benny won contest benny design alaska flag proud happy boy benny proud happy boy fourth july big parade village
want find information story article quickly want answer question looking person place thing looking date number purpose don need read word find date number want quickly glancing article story called skimming skim means read quickly skim decide look key word number phrase suppose need find article george washington answer question washington born need find date answer question skim article date read carefully date want continue skimming find date page paragraphs tell airplanes united states skim paragraphs find answers questions decide look airplanes united states carried mail passengers post office department began airplanes carry mail late airplanes began carry passengers passengers sit piles mail passenger planes engines carried twenty
cold held snow stayed ground april spring morning hallie finished decided black thunder restless stay trailer longer invited visit felt put snowshoes headed forest fear getting lost snowshoes clear tracks hallie walked slowly sky blue cloudless wind wished enjoy thought known city finally decided person wanted mother mother hallie enjoy living montana tears flooded eyes cry knew walked hallie walking give turn saw black thunder cabin clearing ahead pleased found smoke coming chimney straight thin column log cabin looked cozy hallie reached door black thunder opened smiled wide smile hallie wish visit black thunder furniture cabin small handmade table floor covered bearskins corner heap skins piled bed fire burning small open fireplace kettle water hung crane fire hallie hear water bubbling snap crackle fire
henry huggins lived mother father square white house klickitat street tonsils breaking arm falling cherry tree happened henry wish exciting happen henry thought interesting happened henry wednesday afternoon march wednesday school henry rode downtown bus swimming ymca swam hour bus rode home dinner fun exciting henry left ymca wednesday stopped watch tear circus poster dimes nickel pocket corner drugstore buy chocolate ice cream cone thought eat ice cream cone bus drop dime slot ride home happened bought ice cream cone paid dimes drugstore stopped look comic books free look dimes left stood licking chocolate ice cream cone reading comic books heard thump thump thump henry turned dog dog scratching wasn special kind dog small big dog hand big dog wasn white dog parts brown parts black yellowish patches
chester cricket cricket high musical voice spoken unheard melody tucker tucker mouse guess chester cricket house anyway tucker jumped cricket looked cricket admiringly re cricket saw seen mice cricket knew connecticut re asked tucker yes chester guess added wistfully york asked tucker mouse story sighed cricket tell tucker settling haunches loved hear stories fun eavesdropping story true days ago chester cricket began sitting top stump enjoying weather thinking nice summer started live inside tree stump willow tree roof look practicing jumping side stump willow tree brook runs past jumping legs condition summer lot jumping tucker mouse especially rush hour finished jumping smelled chester liverwurst love liverwurst tucker broke wait wait wait leap sprang shelf floor dashed drainpipe
laughed tucker squeaky laugh sounded hiccupping chester feeling happier future nearly gloomy pile dirt corner going stay awhile york asked tucker guess chester don home grand central station put train going connecticut tucker don give city try meet things mario likes chester shook head afraid won york sure squeaked tucker mouse harry suppose chester show times square chester guess chester leery venturing york city jumped floor crack side newsstand wide harry crossed station floor tucker pointed local sights interest lunch counter tucker spent lot loft candy store drainpipe pipe chester short hops hitting head hundreds twistings turnings pipes opened main route tucker mouse knew perfectly dark chester saw light hop brought sidewalk gasped holding breath crouching cement
days farm longest slowest days days moving air bees biggest fattest bees seen hang air problem enormously adaptable person fit situations lot standing days standing kitchen aunt millie turn stirring bump say gave scare didn hear minute ago didn hear quiet uncle fred barn wiping hands rag standing say boy going fine uncle fred don mischief won spent lot pond walking road spent hour afternoon hitting end rope swing hanging tree front yard model horse car mom took spare plastic strips rigged harness horse pulling car aunt millie excited bit real cleverest thing seen wrote letter friend petie stream boats twigs leaves watched float sight
story characters stories animals part story read story try learn important characters try learn kind try decide interested interested notice act try find think feel think say things think things read part story follows betty marie tallchief fourteen entered high school liked classmates wanted friendly betty marie spent free practice study school friends understand thought betty marie thought times missing put thoughts mind passed fun soon morning practiced dancing lessons exercises practiced piano leaving school practiced home sister marjorie left ballet class clock dinner school ballet class lasted hours betty marie short class part meaning paragraphs read part story story betty marie tallchief important character
need police cars weaving traffic zooming corners bouncing alleys police car comes city park winding paths meander park need swerving trees bursting bushes leaping flower beds course police horse police chicago patrol horseback covers parks chicago lakefront officers proud steeds horses draw attention officers helps discourage crime schoolchildren chicago proud horses named children won bicycles submitting names chosen gettum gotcha think children suggested names certainly gettum gotcha fit names horses gallop catch ago group pupils verghese lisa edward cindy susan thoughts names chosen felt choices horses children wrote names chosen added names list considered carefully edward say hiyo gettum sounds lone ranger horse giddap hear officer yelling hiyo obsidian fit nicest names chosen objected cindy obsidian kind shiny black rock fits big shiny black horse
bacon tea hour rest captain john improved help grandma brown mounted horse bones ached muscles forgotten screamed protest pilot morning tried sound cheerful turn captain john pouted let looked shoulder mid afternoon slumping prayed hold horse follow rubicon stay wagon tracks sunset preceding wagons camped oak grove oxen plumb wore explained emigrants helped grandma horse wait till nice eat grass re vittles bed supper morning grandma awakened fearful captain john unable told worry shipwrecked ten days inside water tell tabitha yes captain john quickly need letting waste strength winded stories emigrants helped horses grandma took lead wagon tracks fainter didn want miss noon captain john falling farther halted rubicon waited till caught told stomach ache ringing ears let lead horse trying sound calm hang mane
bashful tule fog creep inside clothes seep window cracks bed thick reckon thicker ground hugging california tule fog folks golden hill lost crossing street fog business idea aunt etta lived thickest tule sure footed mountain goat knew brick post building heart streak town eyes shut guide folks home run errands things save money buy saddle aunt etta promised buy horse put wisp fog weeks home school tuesday aunt etta opie chicken supper yes ma splendid chicken pluck gave groan gave chicken foxing pesky chores sat chopping stump began pull feathers passed thinking names horse list mile half wild charlie aloud liked sound horse exact mean wouldn fine horse hubert die shame galloping meadow wild charlie looked couldn meadow trees
awful hot september dust bad breathing hard water keg empty wanted leave mama bought water going line selling told miserable thing sell water money kind mad mama didn want buy water plenty simmer thirsty turned gave drink rex remember run run till school miss charity teacher miss charity started talking run history excited remembering raised hand asked run history decided write book put things began fourth grade turn rise pass plain daylight meant quiet maybe warren espey turned put thumbs ears wiggled show thought donkey acting sure wasn going let warren think hush put hand miss charity frowned snapped fingers till asked wanted question betsy want start book
summer afternoon boy stood wooden docks york city sat empty box boy sat solomon myers shopkeeper city myer want talk myer oldest son solomon judith myers thirteen summer afternoon boy think dozen things waiting lecture father myer ordinary lecture behavior solomon myers want talk future future myer won child longer soon decide want myer nodded slowly important father talked decide today father finish schooling knowledge gotten reading study important person happiness lessons help shop want thinking future comes wise choice decide rest choice lightly myer nodded gravely knew father kind allowing choose parents told children
massachusetts bay learn things england looking maps map drawing earth surface part maps give lot information places visited kinds maps political map political maps show things kind map shows things cities boundaries countries states notice states border massachusetts cities located political maps show important physical features oceans rivers lakes massachusetts located ocean large river flows symbols kinds information shown map maps legend key explains symbol means look legend map massachusetts notice symbol means capital shown map large airports shown bottom legend map scale scale map tells miles kilometers earth represented distance map find boston worcester lay straight edge piece paper map mark distance cities put paper scale show distance directions easy find map top map north bottom south east west left
lord chamberlain drove word leaving nicholas pleading quaking boots clearly seeing thrown royal dungeons rest week poor fellow expected regiment king grenadiers arrive moment haul promise cat ball left corner earlier usual bolted chamber midnight heard tapping door thinking cat arriving ahead hurried draw bolt master revels king majesty stammered terrified nicholas majesty person chop head sire believe meant offense intention chopping head replied king understand commanded play court entertainment daughter fiddlers dozens concerned bad princess desires hear father king entreat palace told previous appointment oblige engagement king willing accommodate fiddler situation nicholas accommodate king agreed king conducted royal coach waiting door princess alas whims fancies king set palace
field oceanography large places varied let look closely group research oceanographers live aboard ship let find special interests aboard ship research oceanographer daybreak checking preparing laboratory equipment begins light goes late night important job collect samples research place samples gathered sea called station ship captain signals ship station entire crew ready samples gathered quickly hard captain ship station especially high winds rough seas fact past equipment developed helps ship remain station chemical oceanographers water samples number metal bottles called nansen bottles bottle fastened wire set spacing spring loaded trigger cocked bottle put water bottles deep small brass weight called messenger loosely fixed wire messenger slides wire trips trigger metal bottles turn upside trapping sample ocean water inside samples water depths bottles lifted aboard water labeling testing chemicals
read poem hear mind howling wolves huntng deer wolves trail sky cloud deer scatter trying flee wind wolves words groups words helped picture mind picked cry pack goes wind wolves hunting sky keen clear hot flanks flying deer hunting howl ghostly trail phantom wail pack holds sway pegasus square milky frightened bands cloud deer flee scattered groups author compare howling wind authors comparison words help imagine picture called imagery authors imagery comparisons descriptions help imagine sounds feels tastes smells reading story wonder going happen later authors give hints stories happen later hints called foreshadowing part story author hints happen later notice tell happen miguel mounted horse began ride montana plains going visit grandmother lived twenty miles miguel visit grandmother winter snow season rider caught open plains snowstorm trouble today sky clear sunny beautiful mild winter
quieted started going drive home didn mind things think father say grandfather trouble drive small bunch sheep walk begins separate start direction starts makes turn bunch think uncles say big brothers look mountains dark mad walking thinking breathing looking clouds taking shapes dark separating big white coming mesa looked fine saw flowers looking flowers pink peyote plants flowers hedgehog cactus kind pinkish purple real red remembered gabriel song red flower walking thinking breathing looking began sing song lambs lay tired don picked lamb arm hand rope books bad rope didn pinch anymore lamb heavy arm put felt
ship crashed huge rock sea passengers lifeboats lowered side ship saved nearly terrible disaster person saved night boy named john fitzgerald grew mayor boston grandson john fitzgerald kennedy thirty president united states lighthouses needed pacific coast night thick fog clipper ship named carrier pigeon aground whale point california crew shore safely ship saved lighthouse help sailors find forget wreck lovely ship gave whale point called pigeon point wrecks happened eighteen carrier pigeon lost lighthouse finally built inspired need save ships pigeon point lighthouse landmark ships entering san francisco bay helpful guide ships captains rely fog lighthouses signal ships sea lights horns whistles send signals electronic equipment received vessel proper radio apparatus lighthouses aids ships radio beacons send morse code characteristics times frequency hundred lighthouses united states protect shipping coasts lakes rivers united states coast guard charge maintaining aids navigation include lighthouses
ago books beliefs customs passed word mouth handed means stories told storytellers stories told written stories explain nature story greece goddess leto thirsty walking strange land stopped pool drink pool land working leto tried drink water pushed let drink refuse water leto asked water free sunshine air refused drove leto pool sticks leto angry cried leave pool live forever moment changed frogs lived water croaking voices heard today begging changed story read myth myth story handed tries explain nature things myths explain things sea salt chipmunk stripes fire things greek myth read try explain tries explain frogs live water
joel stirred pudding looking window bub nibbling fresh green shoots range sizing feeling legs stars dusted sky nathan nye brought lantern evans fasten tug chains log joel pleaded ma mistress chase nodded re stirring strong hasty pudding heaving sea git afore ye upset thanks ma joel murmured bolted door vaulted barrel cider ran mill evans stepping ten rods aye fellers saying bub pulls turned stumbling boy nettle half pesky growled clout nathan nye shouted evans mebbe oughter listen lad want give afore start thing actually ashamed ask morgan horse pull splinter find stout sit astride log ask joel ran bub poor feller choked big critters bub bub laughter ringing valley ho ho ho pint sized cob pull big log ho ho nathan nye trouble finding brawny volunteers straddled log joked laughed poked ribs
define word biped footed creature feathers correct technically listener think talking plucked pigeon says girl sharp understand speaker mean girl intelligent girl cutting manner girl looks dresses attractively additional clues exactly speaker communicating words speaker words experiences understand words based experienced experienced words symbols things represent things word symbols stay things represent change note descriptions peach peach ripe fresh wholesome eat peach mushy rotten unfit eat statements refer peach refer peach times period descriptions weeks peach fresh wholesome eat mushy rotten weeks word peach change able line word symbols thought processes verbalize doubt heard say want say find words saying confused want say clear mind find words vocabulary simple
student address social security number lot kids don don real maybe times don want daydream wake sense understand saying don understand thousands striving easy certainly feelings attitudes beliefs subject makes happy angry lonely think think think knowing important communication communicate effectively understand saying say say determined feel inside communicating truthfully feel inside affected approach think intended easy certainly intended lived environment help shape destiny give final form feel inside determines act knowing accepting feel part awareness disclosure involves sharing thoughts feelings person close friendship communicating feelings experiences trust
places values things important things greater values chipped marble piece string ring cracker jack box discarded lipstick tube smooth stone worthless young child highly prized grow older values change twelve ten speed bicycle wristwatch fourteen skis sixteen values valid driver license job able date parents asked say families homes automobiles social clubs religion hobbies place values things interest significance meaning culture racial national social economic set values determine success achievement wealth possession material things find values service mankind communicate effectively cultural sphere interacting sphere learn recognize understand differences wary maintaining beliefs basis reality expressing generalizing stereotype label western wear boots stetson hats assume boy class wears boots stetson texas heard scots frugal decide susan campbell scottish descent want contribute gift stereotype label communication distorted
daily communication combination verbal nonverbal cues situations want nonverbal form communication form expression spoken word called pantomime process communicating messages bodily movement pantomime skilled form nonverbal communication unlike facial expression gesture response person communication pantomime requires planning performance word pantomime means play words method storytelling greek roman drama possibly called tell complete story pantomime art serve daily communication ways practice pantomime exercises give greater freedom bodily movement turn contribute poise assurance speaking planning performing pantomimes increase powers observation memory stimulate imagination creativity regular communication add effective bodily movement spoken words interesting speakers livelier conversationalists skilled communicators perform successful pantomime able hear taste smell touch real objects visible objects assume weight size shape pantomime drinking glass water aware size glass weight amount tilt head drinking location table pick glass return finished drinking
speech activity description simple execute proves difficult learned doingdoing things hard unlearn left babyhood began speak recognizable words forgot baby talk vocabularies grew learned communicate thoughts feelings sentences sounds actions paralanguage gibberish called activity demonstrating effectiveness communication tone voice bodily action difficult converse speak english person understand words communicate anger surprise welcome emotions simply tone voice nonverbal signs facial expressions bodily movement surprising understand recognized words offered garlic pickles ice cream say ish recognized word understand mean say don feel nonsense syllables yuh hu ba se don want syllables ne fo na la ma remember sound tone greatly influences communication speech definitions paralanguage extend meaning word include volume pitch rate voice quality speaking recognizable words sentences common definition paralanguage describes means achieving communication tone voice nonverbal signs speaking nonsense syllables words logical sequence
constantly bombarded information listen television radio teachers parents friends information listen rarely retain retained worth remembering speak words minute brain capable assimilating information faster active listeners listen passively brain speed think ahead speaker thinking questions registering doubts plugging opinions side trips skiing swimming camping home dinner knowing catch speaker involved side trips fail return speakers seek gain attention stories examples jokes interesting experiences listeners relate poor speakers information learn listen ineffective effective communicators context message important form delivery unfortunately bored hear clearly suffer distractions cold warm seated draft noisy children give trying listen intelligent listening requires levels understanding comprehension involves trying sense heard interpretation getting implied meanings message evaluation asking questions strengths weaknesses speaker message dr ralph nichols minnesota professor speech pioneers research listening
speech learned activity learn speak correctly incorrectly environment plays major role speech habits correct speech practiced home imitated correct speaking habits early influences association read watch hear affect bad manner speaking speech effortless wonder thought consider young lady sophomore dance danced voice equal grammar end dancing improve voice key success speaker blessed vibrant melodious voice fact born equipment voices vibrant melodious interesting violin produce horrible screeching sounds pure rich tones depending playing voice instrument practice required perfect improve voice sounds recording voice help improving students hearing voices recorded say voice recording equipment play receives inexpensive equipment slightly alter quality hear sound recording reveal qualities sound voice pitch highness lowness tone voice capable producing rate speed speak
charles woolbert early speech educator speaking things meaning wishes user language thing heard fourth thing seen involved examine fourth speaker thing seen gesturing movement nonverbal raised arm hand movement facial expression forms gesturing gesture naturally unaware gestures attract eye sounds attract ear eye focuses moving object gesture support message detract distracting humorous person communicating unnatural forced gestures gestures slightly precede point gestures front sides waist remember hands head arms feet fingers natural audience times stopped listening saying started watching gestures body movements effective visual aids dramatizing message audience smile frown reveals feel audiences sees visual aid charts diagrams slide presentations chalkboards overhead projectors objects demonstrations add message reinforce spoken word
don expert parliamentary law majority decide minority heard absentees protected violated pleasant helpless unprotected knowledge skill group rise feet boy moves close nominations say chairman madam chairman rise point order according robert rules order reasonable motion close nominations order motion close nominations requires thirds vote majority vote incidental motion needs debatable amendable interrupt speaker decision lies chairman try force issue deciding appeal decision chair motion requires debated amendable requires majority vote pass suppose friends trying change form student government feel change benefit entire student body idea slow catch opposition organized bring matter meeting ready realize debate going protect idea want stop discussion subject move table
forensics mean competitive speaking information contained chapter help understand prepare types competitive speaking events vary events governing rules events listed fairly widespread included majority states competitive speaking popular school oriented speech competition events easily utilized speech class competition area increases motivation speech competition promotes intellectual growth speaking effectiveness enhances ability organize think clearly groups audiences basketball football swimming wrestling teams improve participation competitive speech events extemporaneous speech fully prepared wording set speech memorized extemporaneous speaking opportunity familiar current events problems contestants learn think feet develop speaking style enunciation pronunciation rounded voice confidence poise leadership communicate audience extemporaneous speech combines clear thinking speaking techniques establish definite idea respect subject speech original synthesis current fact opinion designated topic based material drawn numerous sources material contained magazine article contestant held accountable strict adherence precise statement topic drawn discounted severely shifting phase topic prefer speak information presented pertinent sufficient support central thought topic
humorous dramatic reading interpreter piece material create audience characters voice body remaining standing position virtually place emphasis interpreter props sets costumes choice material extremely important buy cut readings find gain experience readings cut win cut short stories novels plays talented writing write constantly lookout read books attend plays material try find dramatic humorous material heavily competitive area states part forensics contests contestant opportunity win individual trophies part national forensic tournament qualify nationals belong introduction selection extremely important worked closely rest material sets tone entire presentation judge won lost introduction limits dramatic readings twelve minutes reading running ten seconds overtime disqualified ten seconds undertime results dropping rating rank region introductions counted limit debate persuasive type speech opposing speakers present arguments predetermined resolution strive influence adopt reject proposed plan action
picture families hurrying home school gather radios listen favorite radio programs ask parents older adults remember radio performers fred allen jack benny bob hope burns allen fibber mcgee molly red skelton remember golden age radio today likely hurry home watch favorite television program kinds programs prime radio forty ago features television hear program color radio alive judge numbers sales pocket transistors radio programming changed considerably recent regular radio listener today radio programming mainly concerned music classical rock news live sporting events talk shows interviews occasional drama soap operas situation comedies past exclusively tv fare school radio control room studio familiar techniques radio broadcasting require sophisticated equipment simulate radio broadcast table chairs kind believe microphone necessities hand microphone belonging tape recorder nicely need concerned technical details control room primary responsibility speaking role radio program speaking radio talking sitting studio interview discussion microphone radio audience newscast
central problem view employ human intelligence salvation mankind problem put defiled intellect creation destruction desperate danger destroying plight critical effort relieve scientific advance succeeded aggravating peril result speeding inexorably ingenuity scientists unable save consequences single rash act lone reckless hand switch uninterceptible missile sought stave ultimate threat disaster devising arms ultimate disastrous irony compounded decades missiles bring missiles missiles bring missiles inevitably electronic house cards reach point constructed higher point peak incredible dilemma shoving comes settle uneasily smother fears attempt live thickening shadow death situation pass single thin thread cling call rationale reason reason government single group willful individual foolhardy reckless precipitate war surely end mutual destruction
inadequacy bag shown study alabama study showed percent death rate air bags making dangerous cars crash protection safety agency changed statistical base calculations raised air bag performance rates safety agency statistics based miles air bags endured performed accidents frontal accidents account percent car accidents consumer research magazine stated tow accidents number injured frontal collisions percent university maryland department computer sciences calculated inadvertent deployment air bags accumulated rate twentieth percent statistics favorable glance automobile population country fifty thousand air bags explode accidentally air bags decrease freedom fortune think system passive point motorist control disconnected seat belt air bag violation american freedom apply popular quote give liberty give death twenty thousand die side crashes air bags designed give protection head collisions reader digest air bags designed function head frontal crashes offer protection side crashes roll low speed accidents account half fifty thousand annual highway fatalities
call yesterday morning mrs adams adams invited big affair york included dinner theater party didn expect thirty wasn crazy riding home bicycle thirty morning business business job turn mrs adams wanted shopping left york thirty afternoon look craig craig feeling blue tuesday birthday nice lightweight nylon tent naturally wanted wouldn exactly admit afraid sleep hoping father spend night saw guess figured substitute want camping asked tent sure camping craig concerned meant night began plans pitch tent garage wanted farther house cook dinner finally bright idea camp banks delaware river mrs adams soon brought earth henry going clock want sit yard watching don scared rabbit cat wouldn scared rabbit cat craig indignantly
liz becky trouble determining meaning words becky knew meaning shoulder wasn sure meant liz knew meaning fork didn sense becky meaning word equestrian reading kinds word meaning problems context help context clues signs help liz becky words read books magazines context help figure roads highways shoulders side drivers stop park sit need driving shoulder allowed shoulder mean context road miles divided parts hand fork led woods left hand fork led sea word fork mean context figure meaning equestrian paragraphs ramon excited chosen ride horse show needed riding clothes equipment father took equestrian shop needed show shop ramon bought pair riding pants brush grooming horse decide equestrian means remember dictionary figure meaning word context figure meaning word log
days mrs burgess rested trying regain strength abbie full charge household lighthouse lamps lydia helped cooking careful waste esther mahala kitchen clean warm abbie took care lamps careful waste valuable oil abbie encouraged carry sewing drawing helped younger girls schoolwork read night busier noticed hunger cut food order stretch days abbie thought father today sure tell morning today tired eat storm continued rage weeks ocean broke rock angry breakers pounded steadily spraying windows house abbie lost sleep rest lamps burning mid february ocean pulled abbie opened shutters weeks daylight flooded evenings later towers checking lamps abbie noticed tiny light offshore wasted getting landing site mother sisters soon caught waited ledge deep voice called ahoy father abbie called joyously father father girls shouted scampered steps abbie caught end rope tossed hauled boat soon touched shore rushed chattering
technician stole plans ardent speleologist cave explorer possibly reason hobby suffers hay fever cave air pure case period spent days underground system branching tunnels known maze minos number cave explorers lost don person knows underground maze thief question verner spy thought theft plans discovered sheer luck director laboratory discovered happened immediately called police police lucky spotted technician car call ran luck technician taking plans escaped cave maze minos verner clean bancroft tunnels branch directions course dark blackest night spy simply disappeared verner nodded bancroft yes spot watching known exits chance knows find desperately need plans details clear plans course copies secret papers close spy head destroy
weeks gypsum mine passed settled monotony vast endless steppe torn sleep morning whistle beginning didn sleeping floor twenty strangers belongings pushed walls bare schoolroom soon passed slip sleep wakefulness barely noticing difference told worked munched bread cheese special treat bowl soup bits meat slept barely talked fever flared spent days room someplace father found straw mattress lay feverish doze yanked popravka jailer learned love nights later told assemble meeting gathered front building mine head office waited air hot sky darkening quickly distance flash light crowd stirred find siberian electrical storm beautiful exciting think scared death grown ups siberia summer storm summer storm judgment
finding facts answer questions easy encyclopedia hundreds articles places things ideas encyclopedia book set books shown page book called volume notice number letters book articles called entries alphabetical order begin letter found volume volume begin found volume volume books volumes needed hold entries beginning letter needed hold entries beginning letter notice volumes entries beginning letters entries beginning letters volume volume entries beginning letters entries listed word found word puerto rico volume look find mount everest names persons listed volume look benjamin franklin find information choose key word words look suppose need answer question nile river longest river word words look number volume look chosen volume quickly find entry want guide words help
snakes talk unusual rattlesnake showed night railway station mississippi stationmaster jonas jug left door open let cool breeze river tells working hard short naps minutes heard ordinary sounds crickets owls frogs jonas looked coiled chair rattlesnake rattles tail room snake weaved head took jonas kerosene lamp cobwebs ceiling jonas scared move snake full venom poisoned happened bite tail sat holding breath wondering snake uncoiled took snake uncommonly began slithering looking jonas noticed snake thin ribs showed skin jonas didn decided try friends rattler lunch pail jug milk poured milk tin cup set floor called snake trouble didn snake
jane hit home run baseball game home plate wearing wide smile members teams thought looks proud looks conceited proud conceited simple meaning think oneself conceited added meaning think oneself choices words show members team felt jane show feelings words thing person jane team favorable jane team words teams suggests meaning goes simple meaning words proud suggests jane pleased conceited suggests jane thinks words purposely suggest meanings simple sense words words suggest pleasant favorable meaning suggest unpleasant unfavorable meaning meanings called connotations word meaning suggested simple meaning dog favorable mutt certainly speaker suggests dog kind dog meaning word unfavorable meaning suggested simple meaning horse favorable rider steed silver gray course steed suggests fine animal rider proud word favorable juan basketball player underweight say slim lean thin skinny bony scrawny
york struggling plan rescue received urgent message friend maryland jacob jackson father ben trouble slave helped escape caught named ben accomplices plantation owners eastern shore glad clap harriet tubman father jail agent underground railroad careful plans harriet needed money needed fast ticking bag tied waist set offices slavery society twenty dollars harriet pleaded need york slavery society run rich money tin cashbox desk matter harriet insisted going leave going eat drink till money seated chair door morning afternoon harriet sat office door business society going fugitives greeted forwarded station route newspaper articles discussed meetings planned room crowded busy room emptied harriet late afternoon dozed chair gradually aware stream entering office news parents plight traveled city money rescue pouring coins clinked tin cashbox desk pennies nickles quarters dollars nightfall harriet gratefully took leave sixty dollars ticking bag
margaret latimer seen rushed museum paged books fish past present finally thought identified strange creature appeared coelacanth interested latimer read learned studying fossils scientists coelacanths alive million ago million ago fossils coelacanths recent million found scientists assumed fish died million ago books margaret latimer looked stated coelacanths extinct fish seen docks looked pictures coelacanth fossils wondered members fish group didn die coelacanths lived millions ago exist today latimer sketch mysterious fish dr smith famous south african ichthyologist scientist specializes study fish dr smith agreed strange fish indian ocean coelacanth evidently coelacanths didn die dinosaurs discovery coelacanth triggered search wasn caught fish brought deep indian ocean comoro islands eighty coelacanths caught waters comoro islands coelacanth photographed caught scientists occurred indian ocean comoro islands mean coelacanths live indian ocean comoro islands
remember boys cat pictured bruno heckenberg bryan cat harry characters story harry heavyweight read earlier book story characters stories animals part story parts harry heavyweight reread story pages read find characters refresh memory story finished turn page finish reading lesson enjoy reading story characters story bruno bryan harry bryan mom pop vet parts story think important characters story say bryan harry important story mainly read story try learn characters think act feel think things decide dislike things add understanding enjoyment story learn character noticing character acts speaks thinks feels story think feel character tell lot bruno heckenberg kind person story
tale king fflewddur fflam truthful harp bards tell land prydain beginning fflewddur fflam ruled kingdom small stride midday high noon fields pastures grew castle sheep cows ambled gaze bed chamber cottagers children played hall knowing sooner join games order crown grievous burden fflewddur cried wore fflam dutiful subjects need rule vast kingdom firm hand watchful eye secret wish lay closest heart yearned adventure wandering bard fflam eager declared bard king puzzled tomes ancient lore striving gain wisdom true bard strained struggled harp fingers blistered fflam clever exclaimed soon knack play harp rule kingdom fancied ready stand high council bards ask ranked number fflam goes cried fflewddur gird sword saddle charger care wild mettlesome subjects spare gathered cheer wave farewell wish speed saddens fflewddur sighed fflam faithful famous bard kingly duty carefully
headline midvale news reports fact voters decide school tonight headline editorial letter editor midvale post report school question voted tonight suggests words needed school heading editorial page midvale post shows clearly favors building school heading letter midvale post tells letter say writer letter favor high school heading huge rise taxes seen clearly suggests writer favor building school headings midvale post show bias bias strong feeling biased writing influence think writer thinks subject writers try influence thinking presenting side story question editorial headline midvale post voters decide tonight high school built doubt town needs badly present high school fifty need repair building small classrooms overcrowded classes held school library school provide plenty space notice writer presented facts lead think school needed
story ton foot sculpture began ago architects government building decided wanted sculpture picasso sculpture plaza front building architects visited picasso number times home south france tried hard interest showed pictures chicago brought white sox baseball uniform finally able picasso agree set finally built model liked picasso paid returned check making gift design chicago sculpture built steel company gary indiana dimensions inch model carefully measured figures multiplied relationship full size model steel cut sizes months later foot sculpture finished put compared picasso model trucked chicago ground broken plaza granite base soon sculpture put base dedication end story talk huge head woman woman statue laughed defended knows maybe finally loved series fourth july eve smashing chicago bears victory circus coming town rolled
beautiful song broke silence nightingale heard emperor weak body death listened nightingale sing give golden saber give imperial banner give golden crown death gave trophies song nightingale sang quiet churchyard white roses grow fragrant elderberry trees grass green tears mourn death longed garden flew window white cold mist thank thank whispered emperor heavenly bird remember banished empire sing sang evil phantoms taunted disappeared death left heart reward rewarded nightingale forget sang gave tears eyes poet heart jewels sleep strong sing gray bird sang emperor slept blessedly peacefully sun shining window woke feel ill servants thought dead nightingale singing declared emperor ask sing want mechanical bird break thousand pieces
number student doc brenner told don mean outgrowing allergies talking patted wrist told ma pa town proud youngster tell smart young fellow agricultural school assisted doc friends undeniable talent ready college pleased help doctor thought half money pa manage half fancy annie brought baby benjamin porch sat beg pardon interrupted thoughts played month nibbly toes told decided randolph county veterinarian miss elinor beat anne piece meat mouth hunk pot roast lodged throat sighed smart burden folks don eat meat called vegetarians going study college animal doctor veterinarian anne kitchen ma standing cookstove anne spoke listen younger daughter farmer wife beth sir special going college vegernarian veterinarian corrected wrong ambition ma placing cover cast iron skillet
fishing trip jinxed start night dad caught cold masumi drafted place masumi older sister flaw remembers ten older responsible boss arrived la push washington coast masumi grouchy early mornings fly ointment charter boats filled bad sister masumi calls sister inch taller turned fourteen didn sound disappointed masumi salmon fishing dad rent kicker boat suggested bait gear masumi refused course treacherous water kicker overgrown rowboat carry eighteen horsepower outboard reminded promised dad fishing masumi sets store promise wore rented kicker taciturn handed masumi bailing bucket jackets whistle string whistle asked draped neck coast guard regulation put gas tank boat pointed west james island hand moved vaguely southwest skunk buoy okay fishing farther mile buoy don weather change masumi responsible expression appeared drew attention sky bright pink east clouds wind perfect
table contents index important parts book help quickly efficiently locate information book table contents found front books lists contents book order page number depending type book contents list unit chapter headings simply list names selections book part table contents social studies book lists contents unit chapters lists main topics chapter notice unit begins page chapter begins page chapter page table contents book shows page unit begins page chapter begins index located book lists important topics main body book topics names places things events ideas listed alphabetically index part index social studies book main topics sample index dark print alaska notice person appears index listed page numbers listed main topics numbers tell pages information main topic book find main topic constitution subtopics listed main topic subtopics tell kinds information main topic found book notice subtopics listed alphabetical order
plan directions tasks making cookies putting tent building model cars putting bicycle processes steps completing tasks step plan directions read instructions directions instructions found box materials going build put making cookies need read recipe putting tent need read instructions building model cars putting bicycle need read directions understand special words abbreviations find words abbreviations mean task special words familiar words granulated spar balsam sprocket words activities listed tsp means stand abbreviations written directions tsp means teaspoon teaspoons stands inch inches measure directions list measurements needed complete task centimeter measure centimeter ruler centimeter scale recipe calls cups sugar measure measurements needed able skip step inventory needed materials inventory learn materials tools hand need begin find materials tools needed carry task
mando found piece cloth square sail small mast night left moon shining water sea calm sail blew league rowed night rowing resting hands began hurt line surf showed white moon dawn coast mission ventura surf heavy west cliffs santa cruz santa rosa mando caught dorado surf tired clean ate strip jerky tortillas apiece wind swells coming northwest rowing easy smooth water reached kelp bed south point santa cruz worked kelp quiet cove moored boat strands kelp heavy anchor waded ashore carrying fish mando caught climbed cliff light southwest outline island blue dolphins looked clear noticed water calm santa cruz island blue dolphins shore traveled night horizon humps looked hills big waves put compass rock turned needle pointed captain nidever told read direction island lay
lazy summer vacation early september set final camp lonely moraine lake chagoopa plateau sequoia national park chosen spot high sierra trail short distance northeast precipice big arroyo giant slash sierras miles wide mile half deep labor weekend seen backpacker mule train country ranger trails season dazzling sierra autumn charged air sharp crisp lively spirit magic frost brush painted aspen cottonwood sumac leaf mountain passes eleven hundred feet received snowstorm constantly shifting shadow patterns escaped clouds big weather vast sequoia country pine scents wind songs bright colors belong wildlife person september general storm hurrying temperate regions season loved late afternoon starting campfire enjoying symphony sound approach evening brings wild throat suddenly sounds stopped strange feeling forest creature silently staring sharp sound dropping wood carrying whirled backing shadows tall pines ringed camp female coyote teeth bared fur bristling clearly pursuit pack full grown coyotes female backward progress painfully slow beneath feet whining stumbling moved small coyote pups
pete remembered basketball tryouts saturday embarrassment gymnasium lot confidence definitely tallest player noticed coach looking smiling pete impatiently waited warm exercises begin show stuff passing practice dribbled passed assurance nice passing pete coach pete directed crisp accurate passes teammates let try jump balls pete tensed body stood facing charlie mack center charlie inches shorter pete coach tossed ball charlie leaped whacked pete floor coach frowned let try end tryouts coach drew pete give pointers jumping practice pete coach scrimmage pete coach disappointed week pete making valiant effort follow coach instructions jumped rope boxers springiness feet margaret jump practiced inches shorter legs pete complained margaret re lead weights need real spring jumps voice lift players neighborhood larry cordoba lived alley pete pete retorted sneer takes ballet basketball
marta choose topic report science class decided research bumblebees marta knew encyclopedia source encyclopedia hundreds articles places things ideas encyclopedia book set books shown book called volume number letters marta encyclopedia knew articles called entries listed alphabetical order begin letter found volume volume begin found volume volume marta wanted information bumblebees knew bumblebee key word wanted information enemies bumblebees bumblebee key word key word word look entry word encyclopedia marta found volume set encyclopedia volume bumblebee begins letter entry words begin letter volume volumes needed entries begin marta looking entry word bumblebee looked top page guide words found guide words bulrush bunsen robert wilhelm knew pages alphabetically bumblebee comes bulrush bunsen robert wilhelm look pages bulrush entry word left hand page bunsen robert wilhelm entry hand page entries listed
frozen earth willow humps soggy calla eddie helped move room draw fire dry warm ground lecia watched set afire bowed head storm chuck dragging willows night drove sticks hardening drifts front shelter piled brush catch snow filled fast worked crawling hole left chuck laid mat brushy sticks ground packed soft snow freeze making handled slab big close low doorway blanket smoke hole stayed tied top warm wished shelter scarcely longer tall person close cramping teacher chuck pupils easily warmed fingers wood safe warm shelter stood rising ferocity blizzard willows lasted cold stung nose burned lungs snow turned sharp crystals drew blood bare skin drove teacher chuck fire shaking unable warmed tried plan blind flight storm sickness noses running joanie coughing deep chest worst maggie feet dying
young patty wilson ran arms legs flopped rag doll couldn throw ball children clumsy muscles developed patty felt lack skill deeply children family athletes bowling basketball handball tennis felt left patty says talked sports didn understand talking took dancing didn help timidly patty began run mile father jim side watching runs mild innocent challenges child lacking athletic ability element race obstacles patty epilepsy handicap part fabric patty later marathon triumph patty modest achievement ran family home la california grandparents home los patty distance miles dad ran miles la san diego newspaper began publicize event trek challenge patty determination unshatterable purpose moment truth befall patty freshman high school joined boys cross country team meet patty epileptic seizure running degree weather smoggy quarter mile patty began running mechanical tin soldier arms legs marched patty mother dotty jim standing sidelines
earlier skill lesson learned speed read depend things purpose reading kind material reading let look closely purposes reading suppose purpose general idea book decide want read book preview book look quickly table contents read chapter titles section heads glance pictures preview article general idea article want read sentence paragraph section headings article preview article find systems measurement customary metric systems countries gradually moved metric measures canada began changeover united states officially customary system united states slowly beginning metric measures customary schools teaching systems primary grades occasional road signs give distances kilometers miles speedometers cars measure speed miles hour kilometers hour radio stations measures weather reports announcer say degrees fahrenheit degrees celsius stations carry spot announcements metric measurement aim build interest metric system purpose find date fact article
course learn nat told teaching wasn easy nat explained simplest words think blank look wanted shout understand remembered friend elizabeth boardman brain fast stumble dumbness chair dark want kick bite impatience slowly carefully explain eyes brighten hear happy yes simple nat grin yes simple cabin write explanation finally sense won forget explain told weeks stack notes making notebook realized sort notebook notebooks explain things notebook say explain things sailed mast weeks passed captain prince called nat cabin captain grimness relaxed tell bowditch trying dog watch teach want sir captain prince cocked eyebrow learn sir nat told find explain bowditch nat silent moment
jenny stirred strange bed slowly awakened consciousness tokyo kansas city fatigue blurred mind night transient memories fast taxi ride empty city streets carpeted hall curving stairs house hotel home woman wept greeted solicitude jenny dressed downstairs encountered grandmother coming terrace wearing bermuda shorts sleeveless shirt gardening gloves hello dear mrs smith called quick gaiety glad slept late seen tired child word child disturbed jenny greeting casual casual considering flown halfway orange white cat appeared hall freddy jenny grandmother explained bent pick animal freddy member family hello freddy jenny moved forward stroke cat head grandmother hurrying hungry give breakfast let terrace watch prune shrubs corroborated jenny impression grandmother person vigor worked garden enjoy house hair tousled arms scratched forehead beaded perspiration jenny finished breakfast grandmother pool terrace swim jenny asked astonishment
read history textbook book fiction answer reading fiction pleasure reading history pleasurable purpose main purpose reading history gain understanding important historical events caused important involved step reading history book review book beginning pages find book published pages information author background step read table contents carefully give view book step book index glossary book index help locate important topics told book book glossary define unfamiliar words terms book completed steps ready step actual reading book chapter chapter start reading chapter title leafing chapter preview subheadings give idea chapter begin reading body chapter read slowly changing reading speed read slowly difficult sections rapidly easier study visual aids maps pictures charts graphs chapter aids give understanding written content finally try answer review questions end chapter section
morning horse found saddle bridle feet soberly cropping grass master gate ichabod appearance breakfast dinner hour ichabod boys assembled schoolhouse schoolmaster hans van began feel uneasiness fate poor ichabod saddle inquiry set foot diligent investigation traces part road leading church found saddle trampled dirt tracks horses hoofs deeply dented road evidently furious speed traced bridge found hat unfortunate ichabod close shattered pumpkin brook searched body schoolmaster discovered hans van executor estate examined bundle contained worldly effects consisted shirts half stocks neck pair worsted stockings pair corduroy small clothes rusty razor broken pitch pipe book psalm tunes full dogs ears book dreams fortune telling sheet scribbled blotted fruitless attempts copy verses honor heiress van tassel book poetic scrawl forthwith consigned flames hans van forward determined send children school observing knew reading writing schoolmaster disappearance caused speculation
want blue socks find blue socks look blue socks socks blue red red socks look socks red socks green socks socks boy girl socks want socks want mouse socks mouse socks socks boy green socks girl red socks red socks green socks look box yellow bird box bird run look run run box game box bird game play game play play game yellow bird want green bird green bird box find red bird find blue bird find green bird want green bird game green bird bird green bird yellow bird look bird play game play game want play play ball look bat bat game find bat box bat bat look box box bat
united states literature surveys american literature speeches oral poetry native americans rich cultural diversity contemporary writing american mosaic introduces survey sampling variety works twentieth century authors parts nation ethnic backgrounds mosaic mere collection bits pieces parts form harmonious pieces american mosaic organized suggest formula approaches wide ranging literature observers foreign american suggested america land practical dreamers optimistically trust future eager seek grasp mold fit conflicting dreams theme discovery runs unit discovery exploration meaning human discovery rediscovery ties past ethnic identity cultural heritage needed build future optimism easily seen events past century forbid easy optimism traditional optimism endures expressed cautious wryly humorous tone robert frost poem bids pretty fair title page unit mother pieced quilts teresa palomo acosta quilts quilts family tradition history art singing love acosta exploring heritage choosing symbol quilt mosaic builds folk art practiced women growing developing america selections steinbeck momaday portray seeking personal identity respective traditions
feld shoemaker annoyed helper sobel insensitive reverie wouldn minute cease fanatic pounding bench gave look sobel bald head bent worked didn notice shoemaker shrugged continued peer partly frosted window sighted haze falling february snow shifting white blur sudden deep remembrance snowy polish village wasted youth turn thoughts max college boy constant visitor mind early morning feld saw trudging snowdrifts school respected sacrifices winter direct heat education wish returned haunt shoemaker son daughter blew snow feld practical help contrast diligence boy peddler son miriam unconcern education true book hand opportunity arose college education find job begged pointing fathers afford send children college wanted independent education asked books sobel diligently read classics usual advise answer greatly grieved father figure emerged snow door opened
want happened write play surely real answer writer writes period rest mystery students writers write report don grammar truth happened write play program writing short plays happened small town sea living frequently saw kids beach excited stuff found idea kid finding oyster found oyster figured play oyster mean hope pearl pearls oysters barber shop play barber shops barbers figure stories barber kind poet frequently slightly eccentric certainly free independent owns operates shop rest consequence write case consequence play took course pretty writing small boy oyster barber soon human race involved thing knew writing precisely play going develop going end think astonishing writer writes
period literary nationalism nation saw country expand culturally physically president thomas jefferson increased area nation percent louisiana purchase famed lewis clark expedition pacific northwest pointed nation growth physical psychological knowledge virgin land lying west explore settle especially going rough east shaped lives dreams generations americans able light territory huckleberry finn suggests end adventures able begin anew nation grew size ambition observers worried spirit especially revealed arts nation europe begun seek expression individual character americans joined desire english critic sydney smith wrote edinburgh review quarters globe reads american book goes american play looks american picture question stung national pride ironically smith challenge distinctively american works appeared works sketch book washington irving spy james fenimore cooper poems william cullen bryant despite view literature seriously gentleman washington irving spent pleasant hours reading renowned english authors fielding sterne goldsmith scott despite influence writing uniquely american themes humored presentation american eccentricities special feeling setting local custom
month november past middle month bright quiet slaves resting quarters leave visit friends plantations absent evening previous arranged bundle clothing secreted distance house impossible recollect perplexing thoughts passed mind forenoon heartaching distinctly remember difficulties stood flight father mother dearly loved sisters brothers plantation question hide purpose flight affect suspected family sold disaffected family generally case members flies trying question expect succeed knowledge distance direction pennsylvania free soil begins maryland ends perplexing questions settled resolved let secret difficulty met recollection attempted escape master cases mind eye slaves planters failed examples cruel treatment flogging selling south friends
persisting picture edgar allan poe romantic eccentric reality insecure haunted poverty stricken mad orphaned poe home john allan wealthy richmond virginia merchant poe declined offer merchant spoke literary career allan contemptuous violent quarrels poe left home resolved live writing influence john allan poe received appointment west point remained meeting limited success stories poetry poe took editorship series magazines worked diligently vastly increasing circulation paid editorial positions interrupted unstable periods deepest despair critic important force literary argued american literature imitate european literature concerned merely nationalistic opposed universal nature poe poem raven brought fame alleviate poverty poe received ten dollars poem ironically manuscript sold winters later poe ill unable wife virginia died tuberculosis death instability haunted poe intensified periods achievement paranoid sense persecution increased disappeared found later battered drunk days delirium died contemporaries abroad home differed widely appraisals alfred lord tennyson foremost english poet saw poe american genius ralph waldo emerson thought poe mere jingle
north victory civil war preserved union freed slaves left south bitterness poverty century overcome searing experience war nation gained lasting disillusioned maturity lincoln conciliatory defeated south assassination heightened tension strengthened factions sides wanted revenge reconciliation resulting exploitation south reconstruction era end federal troops withdrawn area reverted local rule nation energies focused explosive growth business industry chief symbol growth development railroads union pacific railroad linked atlantic pacific coasts opened vast stretches wilderness celebrating event passage india walt whitman called spiritual achievement match amazing engineering feats age spiritual reform urgently needed period industrial growth plunder exploitation greedy materialism political corruption financial piracy labor strife fortunes accumulated hungry swelling cities immigrants europe poured united states search fortune found laboring railroads sweatshop factories low wages civil war industrial boom helped set flood immigrants lured prosperity factors laid foundations modern american society literature war regions country mingled freely folk ballads tall tales
whitman contemporary bryant poe emerson thoreau whittier lowell longfellow sufficient reason considering modern poet embraced ideal working class democracy fully writers experiments free verse rhythms realistic imagery inspired twentieth century poets whitman family poor education ceased early teens whitman father moved family growing village brooklyn whitman later remarked early friendships merchants sailors farmers fisherman brooklyn experiences deepest lessons human nature worked manhattan brooklyn newspapers editor reporter unconsciously developing material crisp objective reporter style later poetry whitman journey orleans fired imagination showing diversity young nation whitman underwent internal turmoil brought father paralysis subsequent death early july published thin volume twelve untitled poems editions leaves grass read poetry rejected crude gross whittier reportedly threw copy fire bryant broke friendship younger poet book financial failure influential readers admired whitman revolutionary verse emerson thoreau abe lincoln whitman returned newspaper support writing greatest poetry spare hours whitman enlist civil war broke care brother george wounded fredericksburg
lieutenant rubber blanket lay ground poured company supply coffee corporals representatives grimy hot lined breastwork squad portion lieutenant frowning task division lips pursed drew sword crevices heap brown squares coffee astoundingly equal size appeared blanket verge triumph mathematics corporals thronging forward reap square suddenly lieutenant cried looked quickly suspected case personal assault cried saw blood lieutenant sleeve winced stung swayed dangerously straightened sound hoarse breathing plainly audible looked sadly mystically breastwork green face wood puffs white smoke moment gazed statuelike silent astonished awed catastrophe happened catastrophes expected leisure observe lieutenant stared wood swung heads instant hands silent contemplated distant forest minds fixed mystery bullet journey officer course compelled sword left hand hold hilt gripped middle blade awkwardly turning eyes hostile wood looked sword held puzzled put
tell white america believe truly hundred percent ask teaching school children america teach truth americans school histories pro british unjust american indian call white victories battles indian victories massacres battle custer taught school children fearful massacre part ask incidents told fairly custer battle massacre wounded knee history books teach indians murderers murder fight defense indians killed white white took lands ruined hunting grounds burned forests destroyed buffalo white penned reservations took reservations white rise protect property called patriots indians called murderers white call indians treacherous mention broken treaties part white white called indians thieves lived frail skin lodges needed locks iron bars white call indian savages civilization marks noble religion philosophy original arts stirring music rich story legend sang songs carried melodies sounds nature running waters sighing winds calls animals teach children love nature love statesmen oratory equalled
duck read primer school duck low animal covered feathers similarly horse high animal covered confusion applies horse find patriotic parade brass band precedes unaccustomed rider surmounts drum corps brings rear welcome home parade boys returned france legion decided double number mounted effectives overseas officers ride overseas officers instantly feet protests loud heated horse personally bestridden offered ride fly avenue spads falling leaf arch triumph ride tanks motorcycles army trucks horse thing independent locomotion trifled idea getting killed objected looks thing thing meant horse rider spite veto officers motion carried acclamation geoffrey home ride horse procession mother horsewoman girlhood took gave quiet tips horses trained obey signals obey exact opposite instance faster reined slow waited light touches master hand foot master voice
young woman named mrs king happy husband deeply love birth child coma emerged clear case schizophrenia split personality delusion declaration independence bearing case regained health began disappear end ten months convalescent patient scarcely marked happened eager twenty girlish appealing favorite staff sanitarium experimental trip husband general interest venture nurse philadelphia dress knew story romantic courtship mexico seen babies visits hospital trip virginia beach days joy watch ready dressing packing meticulously living gay trivialities hair waves things ready half hour departure paid visits floor powder blue gown hat looked minute april shower frail lovely face touch startled sadness lingers illness alight anticipation ambition want straight mornings stay late straight nights
summer days sat front porch rocking sewing rocking sewing shut faraway impervious smile lips cret cret cret croaked rocking chair interminably wintertime kitchen window rocking sewing rocking sewing shawl shoulders smiling smile think lorna mother father supper table gave adult glance mouth turned corners harmless hope father harmless heavens yes thought harm miss pru lorna wondered miss pruitt gold kindness easy summer air central love lot spare love spilled children animals kittens house winter cardinals chickadees found breakfast broad porch railing lorna inquire mother comment learned early protect loves secret especially grownups apt bald mirthful merciless response child confessions attachment mother asked questions vague absent minded miss pruitt lorna guess bread sugar house upstairs plain bedrooms things bathroom bread sugar pictures walls
piece red bunting bamboo pole marked location peyo merce room schoolhouse partition middle divided tiny school classrooms teacher mister johnny rosas presided lamentable incident peyo merce superintendent unfavorable light thought wise appoint teacher district la instruct peyo newest educational methods bring lamp progress illuminate unenlightened district called young teacher office johnny rosas recent graduate spent short united states solemnly superintendent listen johnny going send district la date techniques learned education courses peyo thing forty times subject try change ways teach deal english lot english peyo merce saw fledgling teacher coming hill school horse felt sorry cutting furrows plough earth told farm children harness horse put pasture peyo knew going hard young country living conditions bad meals poor rice beans codfish plenty water roads impassable full puddles
ten eleven friend judy brought polyphemus moth cocoon january doily snowflakes taped schoolroom panes teacher cocoon desk morning brought getting restless recess book found adult moth look beautiful wingspread inches polyphemus huge american silk moths larger say giant tiger swallowtail butterfly moth enormous wings velveted rich warm brown edged bands blue pink delicate watercolor wash startling eyespot immense deep blue melding translucent yellow luxuriates center hind wing effect masculine splendor foreign butterflies fragility unfurled strength polyphemus moth picture looked mighty wraith beating essence hardwood forest alien skinned brown spread blind eyes giant moth packed faded cocoon closed book turned cocoon oak leaf sewn plump oval bundle judy found loose pile frozen leaves passed cocoon heavy held hands creature warmed squirmed delighted wrapped tighter fists pupa began jerk violently heart stopping knocks feel thumps urgent muffling spun silk leaf urgent swaddling curve palm passing
dr karen mcnally research california institute technology works find avoid earthquakes dr mcnally shown photograph travels cal tech areas unusual activity warn earthquake investigates areas small continuous movement rocks dr mcnally scientists hope learn happens earthquakes occur predict major earthquakes scientists trying predict eruptions volcanoes earthquakes hovering helicopter active volcano mount st helens idea fun elliot endo likes endo shown photograph left geologist united states geologic survey hundreds geologists scientists bird eye view happening volcano volcano erupted american geologists natural laboratory home exciting areas research earth science close study sea floor oceans dr jeff karson geologist woods hole oceanographic institution massachusetts explores sea floor underwater research vessels called submersibles dr karson shown picture submersible alvin dr karson scientists making detailed maps ocean floor photographs ocean floor maps jeff explored earth largest mountain range located ocean floor underwater mountain chain runs oceans climate important field research
touch stars stars send energy space stars form energy deep inside comes light form energy eyes telescopes study light optical telescopes sunlight white actually colors sunlight break separate rainbow colors rainbow shown picture light stars separated colors observatories scientists collect starlight optical telescopes break light find colors information scientists learn star hot lenses eyes collect light objects space faint openings eyes small optical telescopes large lenses mirrors gather light astronomers optical telescopes collect light eyes collect optical telescopes dutch eyeglass maker put lens front discovered distant things closer soon italian scientist galileo telescope study universe telescopes magnify astronomers telescopes collect light things closer telescope lenses called refracting telescope lens objective lens forms image light image refracted bent single point point called focal point lens eyepiece magnifies image eye
sun hurt eyes look directly astronomers television cameras special filters observe photograph record sun light picture shows sun looks filter astronomers seen interior sun calculated temperature sun center sun hot solid material entirely gases surface sun cooler interior surface temperature dark areas picture sun surface sunspots cooler rest surface temperature sunspots sunspots bigger earth sun surface faint layer gas called corona temperature corona hotter sun surface corona billionth dense earth atmosphere magnet earth magnetic field affects materials sunspots strong magnetic fields affect sun gases sunspots regions strong magnetic activity notice photograph left sun sunspots number sunspots fairly regular pattern called sunspot cycle highest number sunspots appears sun fewer sunspots highest number sunspots occurred maximum number sunspots occur photograph shows closeup sunspots sunspot cycle highest tremendous explosions solar flares erupt sun surface
ways earth acts giant magnet understand earth magnetism need magnets simplest magnet shape straight bar end magnet called south pole end north pole look photographs magnets close south poles magnets repel means push north poles repel north pole magnet attracts south pole magnet poles magnets repel unlike poles attract magnet surrounded region magnetism felt region magnetic field magnet earth bar magnet magnetic north south poles earth magnetic north south poles geographic north south poles magnetic north pole hudson bay canada position magnetic poles slightly needle compass bar magnet earth acts bar magnet earth magnetic north south poles attract opposite poles compass needle earth magnetic north south poles reversed times past poles reversed today north seeking needle compass point south north reversal happen overnight takes thousands magnetic poles reverse flip flop poles occurs average bar magnet earth magnetic field field called magnetosphere
elements found earth special properties properties tell element acts elements hydrogen instance colorless odorless gas normal earth temperatures hydrogen cautious gas explode presence oxygen ways describe group elements similar properties order study rocks earth scientists group elements metallic nonmetallic elements properties metallic element metals conductors heat reason potholder touch handle hot metal pan heat fire quickly moves pan metals conductors electricity element copper electric wiring electric current moves easily metals shiny luster metals aluminum foil look shiny reflect light fourth metals pounded thin sheets drawn thin wire qualities metals tools equipment products picture nonmetals hand conduct heat electricity easily soft solids gases oxygen nitrogen compound substance properties forms elements join things compounds picture left atoms hydrogen unite atom oxygen form compound water look inside atom electrons react making compounds
rocks belong sedimentary rock family types common type materials carried dropped water wind ice millions pass materials cemented pressed harden rocks type sedimentary rock develops chemically minerals dissolved water type sedimentary rock forms plant animal remains harden rocks sedimentary rock story begins air water break large rocks smaller pieces process called weathering weathering acts slowly continuously earth surface walk sandy beach mud products weathering sand soil pebbles types sediments small dust large boulders running moving water rivers lakes oceans shifts sediments places eventually sediment settles water larger pieces drop bottom layer rock bed finally sediments harden rock sediments cemented minerals water flows quartz calcite common cements sandstone photograph left formed quartz dissolved water filled spaces grains sand hardened quartz acts cement sand grains brownstone build houses cities eastern united states sandstone conglomerate breccia shown develop pebble sized sediments cemented breccia conglomerate pebbles angular round
according plate tectonic theory surface earth broken large sections called plates kilometers thick diagram shows plates deep lithosphere solid outer shell earth lithosphere crust upper mantle plates rigid move softer asthenosphere mantle asthenosphere partly melted region mantle map plates notice plate continental crust ocean crust arrows show directions plates moving directions movement past recently scientists relied magnetic records rocks find plate movements precise ways information special bright beams light called lasers laser beams earth stations satellite reflectors satellite return beams stations scientists station carefully record takes beams satellite return earth data calculate distance stations stations plates change distance means plates moved scientists believe soon able detect plate movements centimeter region plates meet plate boundary plates move determines happens plate boundaries plates move collide slide past spreading boundaries pictured top diagram found plates moving mid ocean ridges crust forms spreading boundaries
volcanoes differ appearance behavior volcanoes shoot water vapor gases dust ash rocks explosively eruption mount st helens pattern volcanoes quietly ooze lava mount st helens blow top visualize effects shaking warm soda pop bottle explode releasing soda dissolved gas soda carbon dioxide gases water vapor pressure inside volcano explode biggest volcanic explosions took place eruption volcano krakatoa volcanic island strait java sumatra exploded violently heard explosion kilometers island disappeared volcanic dust remained air giant sea wave created explosion killed nearby islands volcanoes give warnings erupt warnings include gas smoke volcano earthquakes signal rise magma inside volcano ground volcano bulge tilt slightly scientists watched bulge north side mount st helens weeks volcano exploded volcano erupted recent past called active volcano dormant volcano erupted past quiet mount st helens dormant erupted extinct volcano expected erupt volcanoes hawaiian islands extinct mountain built number volcanic eruptions volcano cone lava volcanic ash rocks cone central vent
rock layers earth crust bend fold break forces act process takes millions diagram shows rock layers bent form upfolds anticlines syncline diagram downfold rock layers folds centimeters extend kilometers geosyncline large trough forms shallow water edge continent trough thousands kilometers hundreds kilometers wide rivers coast drop layers sediments ten kilometers thick geosyncline oil gas found thick sediments geosyncline diagram shows geosyncline extends texas gulf mexico notice thick sediments drilling oil gas successful geosyncline gulf coast rock layers squeezed colliding plates crumple cars traveling high speeds crumple meet head takes millions colliding plates create mountains large folded mountain systems present plates collide diagram margin shows simplified cross section folded mountains alps europe himalayas asia growing height colliding plates appalachian mountains eastern united states folded mountains formed colliding plate boundaries million ago happened pangaea broke picture appalachian mountains illustrates parallel ridges commonly seen folded mountain systems read mountain building processes create volcanoes dome fault block folded mountains
utah nevada desert basins dry mountain ranges basins ancient glacial lake beds lake water evaporated ago death valley bonneville salt flats located glacial lake beds bonneville salt flats ideal racing rocket powered cars shown picture west rockies washington oregon ancient lava flows built basalt plateaus columbia snake rivers lava oozed fissures directions hardened west coast geologically active region united states coast ranges sierra nevada cascade range formed plate boundaries eruption mount st helens mountains young growing earthquakes detected beneath mount hood mount shasta south mount st helens activities signs volcanic eruptions coming recent california small large earthquakes scientists suggested volcanic activity coast ranges related earthquake activity farther south california coast ranges united states stop washington extend western canada alaska alaska land geologic extremes fiery volcanoes thousands mountain glaciers vast frozen plain yukon basin yukon bordered north south mountain ranges shown map alaska range south includes mount mckinley highest peak north america brooks range lies north yukon alaska built small plates joined alaska rest american west coast lie volcanic ring fire
warm things cooler things pictures show ways heat transferred conduction movement heat energy molecule molecule metals conductors heat handle metal pan hot soon pan heated rapidly moving molecules bottom pan bump speed pan molecules heat energy moves bottom pan handle molecule molecule gases poor conductors heat result conduction important means moving heat atmosphere part ground warmer colder air conduction carries heat ground air movement heat convection important atmosphere convection carries heat rising sinking currents gas liquid heat moves air room convection room heater shown heats air heated air dense cold air heated air rises cycle begins hot air rising cooler air sinking circular flow air heats room radiation energy travel empty space fireplaces heat lamps space heaters give type radiation called infrared radiation diagram shows infrared radiation coming fireplace object absorbs infrared radiation object warmer facing warm fireplace front warm cool infrared radiation hits side facing fireplace radiation travels straight line familiar kinds radiation infrared radiation
forms moisture fall air ground called precipitation moisture falls snow rain freezing rain sleet hail clouds entirely water droplets air temperature cloud freezing clouds type common equator north south latitudes precipitation clouds falls rain hand clouds form earth extend freezing level sky air colder result clouds water droplets tiny ice crystals air moves clouds ice crystals water drops collide water drops freeze ice crystals ice crystals heavy remain air fall cloud air temperature beneath cloud freezing precipitation falls rain air temperature beneath cloud freezing precipitation falls snow snowflake crystals ice picture shows snowflakes sides snowflakes air average centimeter snowfall melts centimeter water meter stick measure depth level undrifted snow rain gauge shown margin measures depth rainfall rain gauge bucket ruler rain falls air rain freeze hits ground solid object result freezing rain photograph shows ice storm freezing rain objects ground
geologists believe oil natural gas formed hundreds millions ago tiny organisms died settled bottom shallow oceans covered sediments later sedimentary rocks heat pressure changed organisms natural gas oil called crude oil petroleum gas collects oil pores cracks sedimentary rocks gas lighter float top oil dissolved oil deposits oil gas collect sedimentary rocks pumped rocks large oil deposits land united states search oil reserves country led geologists oil companies continental shelf offshore drilling gulf mexico successful picture shows barge towing part oil rig mississippi river gulf waters united states sources oil green river shale colorado utah wyoming thick bed oil shale oil shale sedimentary rock organic matter called kerogen kerogen oil pumped oil shale squeezed expensive process squeezing process requires lot water scarce states oil shale mining creates huge piles shale litter countryside oil shale picture rich oil burns touch match alberta province western canada rich deposits tar sands deposits clay sand mixed water heavy oil black sticky tar
pollution change water air land harmful unpleasant living things words water pollution think tires boots soda cans floating river forms water pollution harder find remove tires boots cans chemicals sediments disease causing organisms heat types pollution seen chemical pollution comes industrial wastes pollution comes detergents bleaches fertilizers picture shows happen nitrates phosphates sources end lake chemicals provide food tiny plants algae organisms grow lake nitrates phosphates increase algae develop algae die decomposed bacteria lot lake oxygen oxygen fish die poisonous chemicals lead mercury pesticides found rivers lakes toxic compound called pcb manufacturing present water sources erosion runoff agriculture construction deposit trillions kilograms sediment united states waters sediments fill waterways harbors reservoirs sunlight reaching underwater plants decrease plant growth fish depend plants die sewage viruses germs diseases humans animals sewage properly treated diseases spread wastes farm animals meat packing plants leather making industries release harmful organisms streams electric power plants give lot heat heat released lake river ocean
aswan high dam completed reduces flooding nile river water stored dam lake nasser irrigate land irrigation changed million acres desert farmland water lake nasser released flows dam shown diagram energy moving water generates electricity dam produces half egypt electricity benefits side effects sediments moved nile water built fertile nile delta dam stopped sediment reaching delta delta eroded mediterranean sea faster river build sediment nile river flows quickly dam delta fast flowing river deeply eroded riverbanks destroyed bridges sediment river carried plankton sources food sea delta dam cut food sources thirds lack food sources reduced fish population delta depended sardines delta find food sources fishing industry grown lake nasser dam built floods nile river deposited sediments river valley sediments acted natural fertilizer farmlands riverbanks farmers buy fertilizers problems occurred dam reservoir fill fast reasons water lost evaporation expected
sergeant major shook hands taking proffered seat fire watched contentedly host whiskey tumblers stood small copper kettle fire glass eyes brighter began talk family circle regarding eager interest visitor distant parts squared broad shoulders chair spoke strange scenes doughty deeds wars plagues strange peoples twenty white nodding wife son slip youth warehouse look don look harm mrs white politely india look bit sergeant major shaking head put empty glass sighing softly shook temples fakirs jugglers started telling monkey paw morris soldier hastily leastways worth hearing monkey paw mrs white curiously bit call magic sergeant major offhandedly listeners leaned forward eagerly visitor absent put empty glass lips set host filled look sergeant major fumbling pocket ordinary paw dried mummy took pocket proffered mrs white drew grimace son taking examined curiously
say brother say mary louise williams raggedy town baltimore mother sasses rosie fatso word mother stand gretchen shifts leg gretchen puts hands hips say freckle face walks looking keeps walking broadway sidekicks follow raymond smile says gidyap team continue breathing exercises strolling broadway ice care miss quicksilver getting park track meet thing program biggest thing program maypole dancing thank mother thinks shame don part act girl change think mother grateful white organdy dress big satin sash buy white baby doll shoes box till big think glad daughter prancing maypole getting clothes dirty sweaty trying act fairy flower re supposed trying concerned poor black girl afford buy shoes dress wear lifetime won fit
berl home synagogue evening prayers brought news wife warsaw strikers demanded czar abdicate heretic dr herzl idea jews settle palestine berlcha listened shook bonneted head face yellowish wrinkled cabbage leaf bluish sacks eyes half deaf berl repeat word say things happen big cities lentshin happened usual events cow gave birth calf young couple bris girl born party occasionally died lentshin cemetery corpse zakroczym actually lentshin village young young left zakroczym nowy dwor warsaw united states samuel letters illegible yiddish mixed languages countries living photographs wore top hats women fancy dresses squiresses berl berlcha received photographs eyes failing glasses barely pictures samuel sons daughters gentile names grandchildren married offspring names strange berl berlcha remember difference names america side ocean edge talmud teacher lentshin americans walked heads feet
olden lived semibarbaric king exuberant fancy authority irresistible turned varied fancies facts greatly communing agreed thing moved smoothly nature bland genial hitch blander genial pleased crooked straight crush uneven places borrowed notions public arena exhibitions manly beastly valor minds subjects refined cultured exuberant barbaric fancy asserted vast ampitheater encircling galleries mysterious vault unseen passages agent poetic justice crime punished virtue rewarded decrees impartial incorruptible chance subject accused crime sufficient importance interest king public notice appointed fate accused person decided king arena assembled galleries king surrounded court sat high throne royal side arena gave signal door beneath opened accused subject stepped ampitheater directly opposite side enclosed space doors exactly alike side side duty privilege person trial walk directly doors open open door pleased
re going commander voice thin ice breaking wore full dress uniform heavily braided white cap pulled rakishly cold gray eye sir spoiling hurricane ask asking lieutenant berg commander throw power lights rev re going pounding cylinders increased ta commander stared ice forming pilot window walked twisted row complicated dials switch auxiliary shouted switch auxiliary repeated lieutenant berg full strength turret shouted commander full strength turret crew bending tasks huge hurtling navy hydroplane looked grinned afraid hell fast re driving fast mrs mitty driving fast hmm walter mitty looked wife seat shocked astonishment grossly unfamiliar strange woman yelled crowd fifty don forty fifty walter mitty drove waterbury silence roaring worst storm twenty navy flying fading remote intimate airways mind re tensed mrs mitty days wish let dr renshaw look walter mitty stopped car front building wife hair
story summed paragraph plot story happens sketched words bare outline story interesting convincing rich details give story color complication meaning summary monkey paw page details create suspense atmosphere character psychological drama let look detail adds meaning monkey paw father makes poor move game chess author remarks father seen fatal mistake late later remark connects larger meaning story innocently wishing money whites fatal mistake late appreciate details story increase pleasure recognize depth theme jacobs skill writer toni cade raymond run page largely character study girl called squeaky paying attention significant details squeaky knows presents rough aggressive competitive character baddest rep details tell likely miss meaning reading carefully listen squeaky waits race begin looking sky trying pretend country remembers concrete jungle minutes later dream returns dream flying sandy beach early morning sun kissing leaves trees fly
drama play story meant performed audience drama pages divided sections act plays shakespearean drama drama traces ancestry ancient times plays performed part religious festivals greece playgoing popular pastime classic plays greek playwrights aeschylus aristophanes sophocles euripides performed today stage film greek theater presented basic types drama tragedy comedy tragedy play hero suffers major downfall comedy humorous play happy ending today types plays fall extremes drama meant performed reader play understand basic parts drama script staging script play dialogue speech characters stage directions include instructions performing play descriptions settings characters actions enjoy reading drama read stage directions visualize play staging scenery costumes lighting actors gestures facial expressions tone voice help understand play setting mood characters plot theme full length play major characters complicated plot play divided acts acts divided scenes act play characters simple plot scene act plays existed drama greek dramatists wrote short full length plays
william shakespeare lived england hundred ago biographical information compiled royalty shakespeare public documents tell born stratford avon market town ninety miles northwest london church records show christened april birth traditionally celebrated april baptisms performed days birth possibly april date death point records exist marriage anne hathaway eventual births children shakespeare left stratford established london playwright actor joined theater company lord chamberlain james king group known king shakespeare wrote thirty plays histories richard iii comedies midsummer night dream tragedies julius caesar plays performed theater company acted shakespeare lived elizabethan england reign queen elizabeth england defeated spanish armada greatest naval power result explorers sir walter raleigh sir francis drake led english trade routes faraway colonies travels led founding elizabeth death jamestown virginia england permanent colony america england experienced golden age peace prosperity atmosphere arts flourished literature produced authors ben jonson edmund spenser francis bacon william shakespeare reflected confidence energy times
writing think enjoyable activity writing consider irksome chore writing think thoughts act writing process engage writing process gradually learn ideas things select ideas want express finally put ideas choose words communicate clearly consciously unconsciously writers including deeply involved discovery process writing informally humorous account unusual vacation formally school report greek myths consider john steinbeck words beginning chapter known american writer points rarely completely clear idea heading begin write finally start hit dead ends change direction tear begin experienced writer steinbeck certainly write essential steps writing process mind completely lost steps outlined minutes familiarize prewriting writing draft revising shown straight chronological order outline write find hop skip jump step revising step change word draft result idea explore point decide prewriting choose expand completely rewrite draft
topic sentence states main idea paragraph points direction sentences follow experienced writers needs readers mind aware topic sentence main idea paragraph immediately clear readers give readers help supporting sentences easily short writers recognize topic sentence actually generalization summary content paragraph consider underlined topic sentence sample paragraph help understand paragraph shoppers select products supermarket shelves solely packages colorful attractively designed questioned consumer surveys shoppers say recognize inside package important consideration making buying decisions package looks shoppers admit base buying decisions factors weight relative price sales data consistently packaging chief influence product choices large segment buying public paragraph needs topic sentence general narrative paragraphs story topic sentences expository paragraph information sentences paragraph suggest main idea clearly paragraph need directly stated generalization summary writers narrative expository paragraphs topic sentences aware helpful sentences readers topic sentences clearer direct establishing organization paragraph
richard turner lived virginia try living england college student midlothian high school midlothian virginia richard wrote paragraph commentary midlothian virginia ask question midlothian capital center going ask midlothian shopping malls family friend girlfriend live course important past summer outlook revolved figured centered soon found couldn wrong trip europe classmates showed big writing paper building house house strong foundation collapse likewise paper solid main idea hold wrote midlothian virginia basic idea wanted tell trip europe opened eyes wanted lead idea found things read textbooks boring monotonous wanted writing nonboring exciting decided start slightly asking questions grabbed reader attention set main idea question midlothian virginia shirt parents bought brother store midlothian
paragraph writer eugenia collier describes setting childhood experience read paragraph aware author sensory details senses meant stimulate miss lottie marigolds strangest part picture certainly fit crumbling decay rest yard dusty brown yard front sorry gray house rose suddenly shockingly dazzling strip bright blossoms clumped enormous mounds warm passionate sun golden perverse reason children hated marigolds interfered perfect ugliness place author description stimulates sense sight remarkable effect sensory details tacked essential picture author wished readers visualize part paragraph read sensory details omitted miss lottie marigolds strangest part picture certainly fit rest yard yard front house rose strip blossoms mounds version creates vivid picture author childhood experience version course evokes sights experience readers share author feelings experience author remembers lost version sensory details omitted read descriptive paragraph list concrete sensory details author describe impressions east orient list note senses detail stimulates
born philadelphia robert nichols lives cincinnati ohio interests include playing percussion french horn participating basketball baseball tennis wrote narrative commentary student indian hill high school cincinnati hour dawn beach cold windy seen fishermen distance waiting catch creature talk town bluefish moment efforts unrewarded single fish caught discouraged began pack sudden pole bent tightened grip yes bluefish line fought furiously pole taking stress refused give fish distance struggling free twenty pounds battle continued fish feet shore fighting harder fisherman tried pull fish give fight forever tired eventually resist strength pulled ashore beach stared magnificent fish minute gills opened closed exhausted fight weighed twenty pounds caught beautiful let swim threw fish ocean watched swim find write searched mind knew exciting read
words james bryce british historian diplomat sense thinking difficult demands real effort part thinker thinking extraordinarily activity live continually trying think wish think writing exposed daily product advertisements newspaper editorials political statements deliberately designed influence think act writer wishes deal floodtide persuasive writing able think intelligently deliberately mental exertion thinking requires persuasive writing writing tries influence reader accept idea adopt point view perform action readers recognize persuasive writing think critically run risk ideas actions engineered persuaded unconsciously accept ideas adopt points view perform actions prevent manipulated readers apply critical thinking skills persuasive writing encounter critical thinking refers analyzing evaluating information presented plan present defense opinion advertisement persuasive writing applied critical thinking skills ad unconsciously persuaded buy beam need toothpaste buy buy beam reasons glad beam creamiest delicious tasting toothpaste market today beam comes streamlined plastic container specially designed fashion pierre piette
carefully planned writing distinct beginning middle end scientific technical reports label parts help readers times labeling conventions scientific technical writing study description parts purpose introduction explain reader general problem idea intend discuss present background information issue addition clearly stating specific purpose discussion body major section report important information gathered research focuses facts relationships importance final part report conclusions reached regarding topic findings agree facts included introduction discussion scientific technical reports include unique features conventions writing follows page includes information title report teacher date table contents lists sequence parts report including introduction discussion body conclusions bibliography number page part begins put bibliography separate page heading write items bibliography formats presented chapter writing mechanics refers punctuation capital letters abbreviations scientific technical report pay special attention mechanics order express thoughts precisely
suggestions help write draft short story narrator introduce characters describe setting captures reader interest immediately decided person narrator person pronouns story chosen person narrator tell story person pronouns passage writer planning story martie steve person narrator launch story attention getting fog thick martie began wonder high mountain driving cloud shook head clear silly ideas driving tall person insisted thinking baby brother safely concentration baby brother steve thought cool tapping rhythm song hear seventeen younger skinny howdy doody version pretty face crowned electric variation smooth red hair fog didn clear stop steve protest knew characters alive letting words actions reveal personalities writing steve overconfident writer story let steve say things reveal surplus confidence dialogue conversation characters important part story dialogue adds realism excitement short story writing dialogue points mind
ghia euskirchen believes exchange student switzerland improved writing helping reflect objectively community country student indian hill high school cincinnati ohio ghia wrote story excerpt commentary polly ethylene unaware change body climbed bed washed face soap water slid skin artificial bubble gum pink tinge polly poked leaving indentation skin felt smooth cold turned plastic amazing skin pliable dough smooth bump nose dimple chin change surprised twenty plastic age virtually natural replaced plastic ago grass replaced astroturf furniture simulated wood food synthesized laboratory polly dressed pair candy colored sandals leather dress vinyl stomach rumbled stumbled stairs breakfast joints felt stiff excerpt comes doubletake short story wrote girl finds morning turned plastic seeks aid help parents plastic surgeon cold indifferent characteristics heartless plastic bodies description setting important story tried relate bringing common elements astroturf simulated wood food full artificial colors flavors preservatives
adjective clause subordinate clause modifies noun pronoun adjective clause follows word modifies hikers reached peak overjoyed forgot blisters covered feet hiker appreciated carried food addition relative pronouns adverbs introduce adjective clauses remember hiked top mount washington spot set camp adjective clause essential sentence needed meaning sentence clear kind adjective clause called essential clause restrictive clause essential adjective clause sentence complete sense aspect american indians common love dancing dance reached spirits meaning sentence sense essential clause american indians common adjective clause makes clear aspect discussed adjective clause needed sentence incomplete essential adjective clause reached spirits limits restricts meaning noun helps reader recognize discussed adjective clause needed meaning sentence clear called nonessential clause nonrestrictive clause add information sentence sentence perfectly logical iroquois east farmers thanked spirits gift food
writing important element write notes friends letters inquiry application businesses schools lists items remember student spend part days writing communicate thoughts written form papers reports creative compositions answers essay questions writer writing process writing process follows major stages prewriting writing revising process reading dancing driving car outcome depends strength resolve master techniques mastering stages writing process help communicate clearly expressively level accomplishment writer goal writing purpose audience write trying say reason purpose persuade student council adopt plan explain governmental process shows teacher understand entertain friend cheerful letter writing purpose audience mind important step writing practical master strategies skills writing write paragraphs learning write effective paragraphs pay dividends mastered paragraphs plan produce longer compositions essays research papers reports confidence paragraphs longer compositions draw writing skills book ample opportunity practicing skills learn write writing examining critically written book help unit learn generate ideas develop clear organized written paragraphs
writers place topic sentences beginning paragraphs capture reader attention immediately note placing topic sentence beginning inflexible rule placement topic sentence middle paragraph help unify placement end summarize paragraph clinch reader grasp main idea flexible consider possibilities paragraphs underlined topic sentence appears places advantages placement capacity owners videocassette recorders zap commercials recorded tv program advertisers worried film industry increasingly concerned filling theaters moviegoers rent film watch recorder surrounded comforts home reasons videocassette recorder vcr broad impact american jittery protests madison avenue hollywood offset joyful whoops retailers consumers hundreds outlets country videocassette recorders selling fast retailers stock viewers enjoy freedom choice denied crafty tv schedulers watch want want watch capacity owners videocassette recorders zap commercials recorded tv program advertisers worried film industry increasingly concerned filling theaters moviegoers rent film watch recorder surrounded comforts home
choice words audience subject occasion writing inappropriate words bewilder readers purpose paragraph unclear consider appropriateness terms audience occasion consider points terms unfamiliar elementary readers words formal informal age interest level experience readers language casual scholarly specific piece writing study word choice diction chapter sure terms relevant subject matter specialized terms field apply musical terminology obvious place paragraph musical instrument terms place paragraph famous battle identified audience purpose subject matter occasion formal informal language consistent avoid combining formal informal words mix serves confuse readers notice jarring sentence buddy lives adjacent abode words inappropriate audience occasion subject words replace need change formal informal language writing consistent rewrite paragraph assume audience principal purpose persuade authorize additional intramural sports events athletics try help comprehend scene kids perspective
situations call kinds writing paragraphs concern subject serve fundamentally purposes vacant lot late summer naturalist paradise blooming goldenrod asters sunflowers prince thumb finches feast thistles sparrows young nests weedy thicket peck seeds fall ground insects buzz flowers late summer sun lot hums arrived lot chilly saturday morning megan clipboard giving orders handing enormous plastic trash bags tackled looked accumulated trash wondered gotten lunchtime beginning lot megan eyes potential soccer field vacant lot corner pine streets deeded city owners prior fire destroyed building site lot changed hands times longer considered desirable business property city plans junk filled weedy eyesore vacant lot pine potential playing field students nearby hamilton high school land city owned readily cleared volunteer help provide needed recreation area school provide maintenance city retain option selling property later date paragraphs serves purpose mode description narration exposition persuasion mode writing characteristics techniques
action event considered result action event merely occurred simple relationship rainstorm begins sky darkens mean darkening sky caused rain factors presence clouds proper atmospheric conditions caused rain begin pairs events connected true effect relationship jason climbed stairs find keys jason find keys open door obviously events pair enjoy true effect relationship reason apparent effect jason finding keys door remains unopened similarly door remaining locked fact jason find keys effect relationships simple straightforward relationship jason missing keys unopened door examining effect relationships prewriting look underlying term effects actions events studying boston tea party england passage stamp act added tax tea additional underlying existed lodging british troops boston homes effect boston tea party england imposition martial law boston term effect boston tea party contributed spirit dissatisfaction british rule led eventually outbreak revolutionary war
chris faigle student midlothian high school midlothian virginia avid computer user written articles publication chris interest computers sparked paper commentary pascal basic popular programming languages pascal advantages basic advantages stem original concept language pascal designed structured orderly language complex structure rules difficult learn contrast basic designed easy language taught computer users simplicity makes basic easy learn makes effective pascal programming language reasons pascal structured language top style words pascal program flows logically start top finish bottom procedures defined start program main pascal program proceeds straight continuously step step basic program hand starts top jump program pascal program easier follow basic program pascal distinguish variable names letters numbers basic distinguish instance variables called moat moose read basic differentiated pascal pascal programmers greater flexibility choice variable names basic programmers final advantage pascal speed pascal language structured computer read execute pascal program quickly contrast basic program interpreted step computer executed slowly
born milwaukee kris hansen student eastwood high school el texas wrote pieces interests include church sports kris excerpted parts research paper wrote russian novelist leo tolstoy passes advice survive research paper leo tolstoy moth spent early bound secular sensing underwent kind metamorphosis transformed creature constantly searched clung light middle aged tolstoy faced monumental challenge standards satisfied count leo esteemed fame fortune began realize adequately answer question live death destroys footnote tolstoy contemplated suicide pupa cocoon sought feeling answer questions lay teachings christ tolstoy returned orthodox church rejected theological doctrines found contradictory footnote mind wandered peasants lived simple contented live began feel meaningful simple faith god living oneself footnote numerous trials tolstoy finally found wings soul totally freed moth longed warmth security light
response story literary organized paragraphs write paragraphs sentence states main idea thesis statement belongs introductory paragraph paper writing short story thesis statement theme short story identify elements think contribute theme writing thesis statement specific point explore prove paper write body paper focus elements story identified paragraph paragraph develop single topic topic sentence states main idea paragraph paragraph unified clearly organized coherent coherence transition words phrases addition result support statements quotations story integrate quotations shorter lines text enclosing quotation marks set quotations lines longer text skipping line indenting single spacing quotation quotation marks longer quotations support thesis information text paraphrasing retelling section words paraphrase retains meaning material text form wording paraphrase section replaces need recount portion text paper helpful summarize condense section words reader grasp quickly rest paper quotation marks spacing
suggestions help writing draft story begin story introducing characters establishing setting interesting sure establish maintain consistent point view writer story chose hal tony cousin mentor narrator experience events story hal point view person narration writer inside head character eyes story begins look size crowd hal thought ten thousand gym afternoon re looking cousin tony line shooting foul shot win collegiate championship look waving hands basket wish stop nervous swallow line sheet describe characters try details suggest personality reveal nature motivation notice writer story hal tony suggested description hal nervous person cares deal think difficult bring characters letting speak dialogue conversation characters makes characters believable vivid reveal characteristics motivation write dialogue choose level diction character speak differently depending born backgrounds personalities controlling diction characters add deal readers understanding
centuries ago million spoke english residents britain journeyed fifty miles homes today english international language spoken nearly half billion english international language diplomacy science economics spread culturally diverse places texas pakistan uganda zealand expected speak english parts speak language differently inhabitants single country pronunciations vocabulary sentence structures speaking language variations language known dialects speakers english dialects book help understand dialect identified standard american english standard american english commonly accepted dialect spoken written united states dialect embraces subdialects includes brand american english spoken england spoken southwest important standard american english broad levels usage informal standard middle standard formal standard levels standard english regarded situations informal standard english level english found magazine newspaper articles news broadcasts contemporary novels social correspondence general speeches large audiences formal standard english level english research studies works criticism formal speeches middle standard english falls levels flexibly boundaries levels difficult fix formal english generally characterized longer complicated sentences consisting longer commonly words
sense effort effort fathom design explore channels discover ways believe found language think writer search thomas wolfe called effort discover ways actual process writing writing process writer discovers say subject say process writer constantly tests imagination real translating thoughts language readers understand writers process involved personal creative writing fiction poetry formal functional writing research reports essays letters chapter receive overview writing process chapters present detail types activities writing process prewriting generating ideas preparing write writing draft discovery draft revising called questioning editing draft says want say preparing final copy proofreading publishing share audience steps writing process prewriting writing revising logical sequence find alternating steps write revising change wording sentence suddenly discover thought worth exploring point decide additional prewriting activities expand thought
steve zinck divides main interests music sports schoolwork student rangeview high school aurora colorado wrote paper playing rock guitar read steve finished product look writer explains prewriting activities surprise rock guitar wider variety musical styles techniques type guitar playing rock guitar developed unique outrageous playing techniques recent popular rock guitar techniques handed fret board playing hand strum guitarists rock guitarist hand play notes fret board left hand masters technique play bass line harmony making sound guitars guitarists developed skill play notes faster progression guitarists play regular especially colorful rock guitar technique mainly crowd pleaser guitarist produce sounds playing playing guitar mouth biting stomach wrenching effect guitarists slide teeth strings sound elephant herd simply blow strings varying breaths techniques sound ridiculous true rock guitarists effectively produce sounds want techniques handled skill overused turn music cacophony choosing subject simple write wanted decided familiar guitar music
supporting sentences paragraph strong clear revision process review prewriting notes sure selected details facts examples reasons support main idea audience purpose mind select supporting statements fulfill purpose greatest effect audience revise sure supporting statements actually contribute development main idea wary supporting statements merely restate main idea points paragraph writer repeats main idea words phrases repetition provide sufficient development ice fishing chilling experience dress warmly importantly wear thick socks waterproof boots layers cotton flannel shirts sweater parka absolutely essential wind swirls ice cold paralyzing heat escapes rapidly head neck prevent heat loss wearing heavy wool hat parka hood finally hands warm thermal lined gloves mittens cold ice warm clothing absolutely revise delete sentences repetitive relate directly support main idea afraid cut sentences paragraph selective supporting sentences decide include remember sentence fails provide sufficient support effectively convey ideas revising supporting sentences consider possibility changing method development reread draft paragraph opportunity add kinds supporting sentences change entire method development
paragraphs focuses subject striped bass paragraph serves fundamentally purpose read try purpose quiet shallows resting moment hovered majestic striped bass bull body offset beauty markings dark olive green silvery scaled body flashed series interrupted dark stripes wily fifty pounder hooks eluded passage spot sun slid inland mountains huge fish struck bent arc pole strained raw power thrashing fish twenty minutes battle guided exhausted striped bass rocks sand removing hook carefully shallows ocean edge stirred breathed heavily times slowly eased foamy surf disappeared striped bass makes distinct kinds migration fish travels inland spawn schools bass move salt water atlantic upper freshwater reaches hudson river type migration coastal northward passage chesapeake area england canadian coasts migration begins spring ends return trip fall spectacular trip fish gorge voracious appetites easy prey thousands commercial sport fishermen federal law passed severely restrict eliminate commercial sport fishing striped bass recent species fish drastically dwindled numbers danger extinct species
student progress chapter wrote paragraph narrative based prewriting notes narratives need paragraphs fact narrowed scope subject written single paragraph narrative concentrated river experience recent camping trip maine allagash wilderness waterway sister karen developed deep respect power nature canoeing camping trip real wilderness area passed base allagash waterway chain expansive lakes dotted small islands lakes lead allagash river flows northward ninety miles spent uneventful days paddling lazily smooth tranquil waters late september sunny cool lakes sparkled shimmered frosted blue point remarked karen trip satisfying thirst adventure felt simply drifting wilderness sightseeing cruise crossing lakes entered allagash river channel sliced heart wilderness passed jungly mesh scrubby brush gnarled trees twisted vines exotic karen reserved remarked felt inside sweeping tunnel color kaleidoscope autumn red brown green orange crimson sprinkled filtered sunlight change open calm lakes enclosed river abrupt symbolic totally unprepared happened heard felt chase rips actually saw echoing avalanche thunderous hissing popping slapping announced surging power current
finish draft checklist help revise additional guidance editing proofreading publishing final version page definitions unfamiliar terms wider category term belongs explained sets term general category definitions familiar terms clearer reasons defining term specific details incidents add clarify term means compare items point similarities contrast items point differences depending complexity need detailed analysis compare items contrast items compare contrast items pointing similarities differences regardless want emphasize similarities differences compare items common basis types canoes methods communication professional baseball teams reason compare items canoe pencil sharpener function purpose mind compare contrast items want convince reader item beneficial complicated dependable begin examination items listing similarities differences list help later decide scope focus writing list help organize points comparison contrast write listing similarities differences comparison frame part prewriting
point education written hundreds paragraphs write english class variety course school demands write subjects science social studies literature unit apply writing skills stages writing process specific subjects phrase writing curriculum means find easier write subjects able communicate easily effect narrative technique short story poe explain underlying revolutionary war hand explaining distinction proton electron neutron require careful reading research feel confident write writing thinking paper act writing striving express clear concrete language learned topic discover understanding topic deepens truly explain clearly cogently conversely demonstrates clearly mastery subject science social studies literature written report essay writing norm subject areas write strive achieve clarity grace precision order writing effective extension order maintain high quality writing subject areas find beneficial apply stages writing process prewriting writing revising write regardless subject area
organize response story paragraphs write paragraphs introductory paragraph thesis statement expresses main idea paper thesis statement think theme literary elements think contribute theme write body paper focus elements feel contribute theme paragraph discuss single element topic sentence stating paragraph main idea statements quotations short story integrate quotations shorter lines text enclosing quotation marks set quotations lines text skipping line indenting single spacing quotation need quotation marks set quotation conclude paper paragraph refers main idea end clincher expresses response story apply suggestions responses paragraph limited paragraph begin strong topic sentence sentences develop support aspect topic sentence paper analyzes note writer prewriting feeds analysis thomas wolfe story turns shift perspective story main character changing relationship setting conveys wolfe insight idealize distance lose wonder forever close
suggestions help write draft introduce characters place setting interesting sure establish maintain consistent point view writer story miners chose character dave narrator readers events eyes story begins partner don slogging week dense trailless jungle hot humid dim sun barely penetrating thick jungle canopy air vibrated beating wings insects cries raucous voiced birds incessant chatter monkeys describe characters details suggest personalities reveal nature motives passage short rest ready plunge jungle knew don tired begun limp badly miles complained mining accident permanently damaged leg pain saw relief flicker face pointed nearby spot declared camp night preceding paragraph writer descriptive details reveal personalities characters words plunge declared reveal character dave description don reveals don character dave compassion describing character acts feels dialogue let characters speak create realistic dialogue choose words character believable written level diction consult chapter review formal middle informal diction
knowledge english share tenth entire population planet english spread britain distant disparate places california india zambia australia english widely cultures expected speak english parts speak language differently english vary greatly pronunciation word choice sentence structure boundaries united states variations called dialects speaks english dialects book designed help understand dialect known standard american english standard american english widely known accepted dialect english spoken written united states subcategories exist dialect informal standard middle standard formal standard subcategories levels standard english situations informal standard english level english magazine newspaper articles news broadcasts contemporary novels social correspondence general speeches large audiences formal standard english hand level english research studies works criticism formal speeches middle standard english implies falls informal formal english situations difficult define clearly boundaries subcategory standard english general fill find formal english characterized longer complicated sentences consisting longer common words nonstandard english refers dialects widely accepted standard english nonstandard dialects course completely understandable generally spoken written wide population standard english
writer student friend citizen consumer writer writing career writing part lives compose letter friend apply job answer essay examination question writer prepare scientific laboratory report create imaginative short story produce paragraph note full scale research paper writing writing mystery purpose directed audience follows series stages called writing process major stages writing process prewriting writing revising mastering stages communicate ideas clearly express vividly matter purpose explain cook omelet persuade vote narrate story describe magnificent landscape marvelous machine write clearly vividly audience enjoy write practical mastering writing process write paragraphs writing paragraphs proceed book paragraphs manageable units putting effect writing strategies skills learn learning write paragraphs ready produce longer compositions skills apply writing paragraphs applied writing essays reports writers learn write writing book unit learn generate develop ideas organize ideas express words
paragraphs grew prewriting presented earlier parts chapter writer prewriting activities generating ideas exploring subjects narrowing topic forming developing main idea took hour spent thinking say writers found ready eager tackle drafts notice paragraph draws abundance writer prewriting notes notice writer note recorded added thoughts writing draft think veterinarians feel closeness nature doctors treat humans forget helped animal pain soon saw calf knew wrong eyes looked hot jerked head touched jaw wondered toothache realized animals toothaches human problems ran find oil cloves grandmother toothaches noticed calf worst pain waves waited passed carefully brushed mouth oil smell heavy sharp odor cloves mixed dried hay smell calf licked poured bottle mouth minutes tell pain going body relaxed eyes looked cooler clearer stayed arms sleep
born costa rica mariano fernandez finds knowledge spanish helps speaking writing english vice versa wrote paragraph commentary student indian hill high school cincinnati ohio pessimism plays important role tone george orwell creates winston main character sees negative terms pleasant sounding phrases qualified express extremely pessimistic attitude shut window pane looked cold sun shining sky harsh blue color posters orwell tone purpose wishes reader associate bleakness societies oceania moment winston realizes killed mrs parsons vaporized syme vaporized winston vaporized orwell creates pessimistic tone readers appalled society prevent start writing piece paper jot pops head think add run ideas return writing later try arrange ideas kind order written topic sentence include specific information add examples illustrate point making instance quoted paragraph starts taking form read change words say want say
passage author white lovingly describes return boyhood fishing spot senses white call description guess remembered clearest early mornings lake cool motionless remembered bedroom smelled lumber wet woods scent entered screen partitions camp thin dress softly wake sneak sweet outdoors start canoe keeping close shore shadows pines remembered careful rub paddle gunwale fear disturbing stillness cathedral white refers sense taste details combine senses word stillness evokes sensations sight sound motion details extras frills truly essential white meaning passage read guess remembered clearest early mornings lake try wake sneak start canoe keeping close shore missing white original passage hear smell feel mornings lake important shared white deep lasting love place passage tells white early took canoe losing details lost experience read descriptive passage list concrete sensory details author describe flight patterns kinds birds
senior stephanie pallo moved richmond virginia baltimore maryland student midlothian high school midlothian wrote narrative commentary stephanie plans major electrical engineering virginia polytechnic institute welcomed change changing high schools senior change expected move richmond virginia dreaded thought surrounded strangers school entered class feel insides thrashing face turning harsh red took deep breath tried relax eyes room fixed friendly blurs managed utter small hello welcome outnumbered piercing glares indifferent faces experienced real loneliness telephone conversations friend matter fact phone calls sat home weekends watching reruns fantasy island thinking home amazingly days loneliness ended quickly party invitations longer rarity divided study friends things improve deciding ruined writing substitute real experience writing piece thought ways changed moved wanted audience share nervousness loneliness decided tell specifically felt school
critical thinking refers analyzing evaluating information presented plan present defense opinion apply critical thinking cereal advertisement reasons buying cereal misleading necessarily true crunchy cereals box makes cereal likes cereal famous successful course advertising writer create ad preceding required respond advertisements editorials political statements kinds writing try persuade asked buy buy vote accept reject answer problem persuasive writing writing tries influence reader accept idea adopt point view perform action writing try persuade argue support position defend statement essay test kind writing demands clarity william zinsser suggests opening quotation writing clearly demands thinking clearly chapter designed help think write clearly persuasively descriptive narrative expository writing persuasive writing grows writing process prewriting writing revising writing process applies persuasive writing length chapter applying process specifically paragraphs concentrate areas going think critically write persuasively
comparison writing describes similarities contrast writing describes differences writing comparison contrast social studies skill especially historical cultural events occur isolation part continuing movement history understood relating events writing paragraph essay comparison contrast chapter writing paragraph easier clearer reader prewriting decide points comparison contrast chart identifies similarities differences subjects write begin identifying subjects telling reader going compare contrast organize paragraph paper ways aaabbb statements elizabeth bs statements catherine ababab alternate statements subjects sure points comparison clear end want add general statement sums subject unites points comparison contrast observation chart preceding elizabeth catherine grow social studies paragraph elizabeth england catherine russia highly intelligent cultured women major historical figures strong willed shrewd rulers reigns differ significant ways elizabeth gave elizabethan age tremendous cultural achievements levels english catherine actually increased number serfs country poor poorer elizabeth slyly permitted piracy spain avoiding war catherine openly sought war turks russian lands increased
write body paper focus elements feel contribute story theme paragraph discuss single element topic sentence stating main idea paragraph paragraph unity clear organization coherence add coherence writing transitions addition similarly result incidents details quotations story support statements integrate quotations shorter lines text enclosing quotation marks set quotations lines text skipping line indenting single spacing quotation quotation marks set quotation conclude paper paragraph refers main idea end clincher expresses response story satisfying memorable apply suggestions responses paragraph limited paragraph begin strong topic sentence subsequent sentences develop support aspect topic sentence paper discusses open window note writer freewriting exploring answers main idea fed analysis open window saki full thrills illusions amusement park addition chilling tricking story says true real plot characters point view prove exciting untruth appeal dull ordinary truth story plot roller coaster ride begins normal plane nuttel waits hostess
let narrator introduce characters place setting catches readers attention narrator character narrator words convey personality person narrators person pronouns limited person omniscient narration person pronouns lines writer developing idea camping trip story start adventurous type idea wilderness experience sleeping bedroom windows open friend liz story liz craves adventure liz short dark curly black hair huge aviator glasses superactive eats lot gains weight marggy pronounced mar tall blond slow moving eat lot gain weight friends forever totally summer learned appreciate differences hot august liz barged house give characters words actions speak saying liz impatient let liz show impatience interrupting marggy making sudden gesture include dialogue conversation characters dialogue makes story believable vivid presents characters words remember points place words spoken characters quotation marks direct quotation beginning end sentence begin direct quotation capital letter interrupt quotation midsentence begin part small letter begin paragraph switch speakers
english international language spread britain culturally diverse places united states india australia south africa diversity understandable speakers english part language differently nation variations pronunciation word choice sentence structure groups variations called dialects user english dialects book designed help dialect known standard english standard american english widely known accepted dialect english spoken written united states standard english subcategories informal standard middle standard formal standard informal standard kind english find magazines newspapers television news broadcasts contemporary novels social correspondence general speeches broad audiences formal standard english kind english find research studies works criticism formal speeches middle standard usage suggests falls informal formal nonstandard english refers dialects widely accepted standard dialects nonstandard dialects course totally understandable generally spoken written wide population standard english success speaker writer school later business depends ability distinguish standard nonstandard usage level usage standard english grammar describes english works usage advises english advantage
hardest thing frighten mongoose eaten nose tail curiosity motto mongoose family run find rikki true mongoose looked cotton wool decided eat ran round table sat put fur order scratched jumped small boy shoulder don frightened teddy father making friends ouch tickling chin teddy rikki looked boy collar neck snuffed ear climbed floor sat rubbing nose gracious teddy mother wild creature suppose tame kind mongooses husband teddy pick tail try put cage run house let give eat gave piece raw meat rikki liked immensely finished veranda sat sunshine fluffed fur dry roots felt things find house family find lives certainly stay find spent roaming house nearly drowned bathtubs put nose ink writing table burned end big cigar climbed big lap writing
read types writing morning read humorous short story literature book afternoon study encyclopedia article prehistoric animals night browse advertisements newspaper type writing authors wrote special purpose audience mind purpose reason author writes doubt author humorous story wants entertain readers hand purpose encyclopedia article inform readers subject purpose advertisement persuade readers purchase merchandise responsible reader ask read author purpose writing purpose entertain question author succeeds purpose inform think learning material finally author wants persuade carefully analyze argument question agree keeping points mind help receive benefit reading authors concerned readers audience writing authors read answer helps decide style word ideas authors stories young children likely difficult vocabulary lengthy sentences contrast write essays medical journals assume audience consists professionals familiar technical language help evaluate reading mind audience writing intended
house picking things picked books shoes toys socks shirts gloves boots hats handkerchiefs puzzle pieces pennies pencils stuffed rabbits bones dogs left living room chairs picked tin soldiers plastic cars baseball gloves sweaters children pocketbooks nickels inside pieces lint floor picked put belonged place found times ten notice picking put later family needed sally crayons answer kitchen windowsill left barry wanted cowboy hat reply playroom end bookcase jannie wanted arithmetic homework tell ashtray dining room buffet locate nut laurie bike wheel directions winding living room clock find recipe turkey cutlets sally admired top husband fountain pen find ordinarily plastic strips inside collar nylon shirt respond identifying object location unhesitating answer question article apt remain permanently lost jannie pink easter egg hat disappeared let laurie fight haynes boys porch rocker broken end october
strange light touch penetrating wind sea warm inland body constant half heard beat surf hissing ran smoothly sand thundering crashed rocks breakwater smells salt seaweed fish water wind human smells hundreds filled boardwalk ladies print dresses smelling passing gardens swimmers scents sun tan oils skin lotions smells eating places mustard onions hamburgers frying sudden sharp smell stacks dill pickles brisk nose sudden unintended inhalation sea water smell frying fish fish grottos places middle boardwalk miniature land locked seas glass tanks admire grace color dinners eating hard say looking fish outward sidewalk aquariums strange pale gill pedestrians pedestrians finny swimmers cress liked solemn fish solemn problems sun water forget hour cress part abundance knowing minute edwin town street miss suddenly hour past wind sharper sun bright boardwalk crowded
turned grand central vanderbilt avenue steps level trains twentieth century walked flight level suburban trains leave ducked arched doorway heading subway lost easy grand central hundreds times bumping doorways stairs corridors tunnel mile lobby roosevelt hotel office building forty sixth street blocks think grand central growing tree pushing corridors staircases roots tunnel knows feeling city times square maybe central park maybe grand central exit escape maybe tunnel told psychiatrist friend idea corridor began angling left slanting downward thought wrong walking hear empty sound footsteps didn pass soul heard sort hollow roar ahead means open space talking tunnel turned sharp left short flight stairs level grand central station moment thought level saw room smaller fewer ticket windows train gates information booth center wood looking
jacques kind understood pierre joseph smile tenderly drew hidden strength pierre sitting seat joseph hitched wagon finished pierre limp street slowly horse head drop walk wearily stall morning jacques dreadful news pierre arrived cold morning pitch dark air iced wine morning snow fallen night glistened million diamonds piled jacques pierre horse joseph wake morning pierre twenty seventy yes pierre slowly yes seventy joseph course jacques soothed stall looking peaceful pierre took step forward turned don understand jacques jacques clapped shoulder find horse joseph month teach route joseph look pierre eyes stopped pierre worn heavy cap peak low eyes keeping bitter morning wind jacques looked pierre eyes saw startled saw dead lifeless look eyes mirroring grief pierre heart soul heart soul died
theme main idea piece literature statement expresses author attitude themes appeared literature themes love nature heroism poetry abstract concepts concrete examples poet illustrate poems stated theme theme author expresses directly poem stated theme examples support theme theme expressed sentence order find theme poem ask author wrote poem try poem central thought theme single sentence finally sure examples supporting details consistent theme chosen sandburg wrote buffalo dusk call attention disappearance thousands buffaloes theme poem stated sentence sad buffaloes disappeared examples poem include description thousands buffaloes pawing prairie statement buffaloes easy confuse theme topic topic broad subject author writes piece literature topic stated word phrase buffaloes topic sandburg poem buffalo dusk theme brooks poem stated directly examples support theme topic brooks poem origin word refers history heritage originally meant meaning form changed origin word called etymology find etymology word looking word dictionary
nonfiction factual prose writing unlike fiction poetry nonfiction tells incidents happened lived writers nonfiction give facts subjects choose arrange interpret facts reveal opinions subjects reveal personalities ways looking nonfiction includes wide variety writing range play play account football game diary ten girl scientific book brain humorous magazine article television writers nonfiction guided things write subject purpose audience subject specific topic author writing author purpose entertain inform persuade present idea reader audience type reader intended nonfiction works written experts meant casual readers authors select information write suit subjects achieve purposes understood audiences nonfiction selections include autobiography biography essays autobiography story person written person biography story person written essay short nonfiction deal subject essays narrative descriptive expository persuasive narrative essays tell true stories descriptive essays create pictures subjects expository essays present facts explain ideas persuasive essays try convince readers accept opinion action
magician stretching dollar december christmas approaching doris kitchen barged bedroom afternoon search safety pin bedroom opened community hallway door locked needing pin took key hiding place unlocked door stepped standing wall big black bicycle balloon tires recognized instantly secondhand bike admiring baltimore street shop window asked price horrendous mother scraped payment meant surprise bicycle christmas morning overwhelmed discovery squandered money sickened knowledge bursting room robbed pleasure seeing astonished delighted christmas wanted lovely secret stumbling feel struck blow happiness backed put key hiding place brooded privately resolved christmas absolutely reveal slightest hint terrible knowledge avoid word faintest intonation weakest gesture reveal possession secret deny happiness seeing stunned amazement christmas privacy bedroom began composing testing exclamations delight wow bike balloon tires don believe luckiest boy alive
charles dickens born middle class family living seacoast england child family moved nearby london dickens sole support family age twelve parents younger brothers sisters entered debtors prison eventually achieved success prosperity writer dickens forgot poor works remind constantly need kindness generosity hungry haunted childhood experiences poverty adult dickens lived worked driving energy traveled produced acted plays edited magazine large family gave public readings works wrote greatest stories novels famous novels include oliver twist adventures nicholas nickleby david copperfield tale cities expectations writer match dickens ability move readers laughter tears lifetime dickens popular england america writer lived century death huge popularity survives works continue reach admirers special combination humor heartbreak published christmas carol dickens loved stories play follows adapted story begins christmas eve nineteenth century london dickens london dirty bustling metropolis fast business capital place extremes wealth poverty met daily money family feed dollars week
room shut windows bed saw looked ill shivering face white walked slowly ached move matter schatz headache bed bed dressed downstairs dressed sitting fire looking sick miserable boy put hand forehead knew fever bed re sick doctor took boy temperature asked hundred downstairs doctor left medicines colored capsules instructions giving bring fever purgative overcome acid condition germs influenza exist acid condition explained influenza worry fever hundred degrees light epidemic flu danger avoided pneumonia room wrote boy temperature note give capsules want read want boy face white dark areas eyes lay bed detached going read aloud howard book pirates reading
reader encounter types writing mood mystery story need read encyclopedia article school report home night glance newspaper advertisements type writing differs authors wrote specific purpose audience purpose reason author writes author mystery story wishes entertain hand writer encyclopedia article wants inform readers subject write newspaper advertisements want persuade readers buy merchandise part job reader identify author purpose purpose entertain author succeeded entertaining purpose inform information learned purpose persuade arguments author agree asking questions enable benefit fully reading writers concerned readers audience writing consider read knowing audience helps authors decide style word ideas authors nursery stories likely simple vocabulary short sentences contrast contributors law journal complex legal terms assume readers understand evaluating reading consider intended audience find article difficult think author wrote audience recommend reading friends consider proper audience type writing
mary hate call rob mornings growing fast needs sleep sleeps wake wish manage adam mother voice brisk child anymore took turn yes father slowly sure hate wake heard words woke father loved thought taking granted tie blood father mother talked children things farm knew father loved loitering mornings called stumbling blind sleep pulled clothes eyes tight shut night christmas fifteen lay minutes thinking poor excitement turkey raised mince pies mother sisters sewed presents mother father bought needed warm jacket maybe book saved bought wished christmas fifteen present father usual ten cent store bought tie nice lay thinking night christmas wished heard father mother talking save
lion cave sudden stood high grove trees black winter sunshine tiger checking mid leap entered shadow trees caught fire air tongue flame lashing dry black branches trees stood sudden cataract leaped hillside arch silvery crashing water thundering fire fire moment fisherman staring eyes hills rose green knew bare brown hillock ready drink rushing waterfall passed quickly birt blink blinking blinked moaned saw deal worse cataract hovered dragon black wings darkened hill steel claws reached groping dark scaly gaping lips fire steam shot beneath monstrous creature stood blackbeard laughing shape underhill taunted match game grows tiresome want look treasure inalkil big dragon wizard true shape command power truename yevaud birt move blink cowered staring saw black dragon hang air blackbeard saw fire lick tongues scaly mouth steam jet red nostrils saw blackbeard face grow white white chalk beard fringed lips trembling yevaud yes husky hissing voice
timothy took yellow envelope opened carefully lieutenant ronald baker missing action stiff formality printed words final felt coldness fear spreading shack mind wanted drag piece paper force think careful stubbornness read telegram wasn war department plane returned family advised news read part news meant war department wasn sure happened bricky bailed stories newspaper fliers bailed picked later hope timothy weighed carefully mind letting clutch hope perfectly fair entitled father mother held thought steady moment logically precisely thing happened bricky land held japanese bricky prisoner war prisoners war hope perfectly fair hopes reasonable hopes hang tightly telegram didn say believed killed frowning head adding arithmetic problem
nolan explained portuguese krumen understand turn negroes understand yell delight spontaneous celebration tell vaughan pleased cape palmas answer cape palmas practically homes orleans rio de eternally separated home interpreters understand instantly ah non palmas began protest loudly vaughan disappointed result liberality asked nolan eagerly drops stood poor nolan white forehead hushed says palmas says home country house vaughan nolan grew gray struggled interpretation quick words vaughan tell yes yes yes tell mountains moon sail schooner white desert home fashion nolan getting vaughan say beckoned boat started youngster let show family home country think home boy write send talk let nearer nearer thought farther travel remember boy officers government country country belong belong mother
nonfiction factual prose writing unlike fiction nonfiction concerns lived events happened nonfiction present facts interprets facts pieces nonfiction subject writer selected organized interpreted facts unique writers describing baseball game write pieces nonfiction writer write detailed study game deal baseball write humorous account read game accounts baseball game differ largely author writes purpose audience writer purpose inform entertain persuade audience express idea general audience reader intended author writes experts baseball choose information write style author writes subject nonfiction selections include autobiography biography essays autobiography story person written person biography story person written essay short nonfiction deal subject essays narrative descriptive expository persuasive narrative essays tell true stories descriptive essays create pictures subjects expository essays present facts explain ideas persuasive essays try convince readers accept opinion action read selections decide purpose audience written
harriet liked servant house rebellious nature soon ordered fields early teens happened affected evening young slave permission country store overseer whip ordered harriet help tie harriet refused slave ran overseer picked heavy iron weight scales threw hit fellow struck harriet head crushing skull leaving deep scar forever unconscious girl lingered death days able harriet suffered fits unconsciousness lasted place suddenly fallen asleep fields leaning fence church sleep wake seizure passed awake affect thinking master thought blow half witted harriet continued let believe prayed god deliver bondage twenty married jolly carefree fellow named tubman share concern leaving slave country later master died harriet heard brothers sold decided run dangerous tell harriet chance let mother directly
walls rose side drop literally perpendicular eroded weathering corrasion rushing floodwater rough surface chipped broken cracked walls joined face overhang formed square corner number minute crevices inch wide shelves side lose regained measure nerve steadiness tried wall pond clinging rock bare toes fingertips inching crabwise corner water soaked heavy boots dangling neck swinging movement threw balance fell pool swam bank unslung boots threw drop sight needed attached wall tenderly sensitively limpet slowly cautiously worked corner able climb upward centimeters bracing opposite sides finding sufficient niches fingers toes neared top overhang noticeable prepared slip planning push rock fall center pool water deepest wasn skill tenacity found ordinary circumstances managed creep straight gloomy cliff brink drop flower safety
telling stories thousands writing invented stories told crackling campfires family meetings formed part important community ceremonies public gatherings passed stories sung wandering minstrels knew heart recited musical accompaniment earliest stories called myths word myth comes mythos greek word meaning story myth special kind story culture gods goddesses experiences human beings invented myths stories told nature works tell sun rises seasons change foolish mistakes heroes knows exactly greek myths began familiar greek writer homer poems myths greeks importance literature myths stories exciting characters unforgettable power imagination greek myths speak ages adventures ancient greek heroes easily compared deeds modern heroes greek myths folk tales america richest imaginative treasures knows invented tales myths told retold generations unlike myths tell gods goddesses describe adventures heroes read notice ways folk tales america share imaginative power ancient myths
adventures befell theseus road athens cleared part country robbers king pittheus alarmed named procrustes terrible fellow cavern bed pretense hospitality invited guest lie happened shorter bed wicked villain stretched main force lopped heads feet weary liked lie bed procrustes robbers named scinis likewise scoundrel habit flinging victims high cliff sea theseus tossed place reached journey end theseus valiant feats father golden sword gained renown bravest young fame traveled faster reached athens entered city heard inhabitants talking street corners saying theseus son king turn hero suspected innocent youth athens greater danger awaited encountered road father theseus worn cares government grown aged nephews intended power kingdom hands nephews king aegeus cousins theseus enemies
english literature began oral written literature songs poems celebrating heroes poems passed minstrels scops composed poems praised anglo saxon ideals important ideals valor honor loyalty lord primarily somber human destiny believed ruled fate wyrd anglo saxons called songs scops major battles feats tribe heroes kings recited remembered heroes win enduring fame valued highly religion acknowledge immortality afterlife scops poems reflect grim war ridden lives anglo saxon immortalizing heroes scops brought semblance permanence ruled sense transience fatal doom earliest english storypoem hero called beowulf beowulf composed unknown minstrel traveled mead hall mead hall entertain courts kings warriors poem composed english anglo saxon dialect germanic origin ancestor present english brought britain anglo saxons beowulf epic narrative poem grave stately language achievements hero national heroic figure ancient greece rome part book epics england epics later book poems period survived owe learning monks monasteries castles mead halls dotted landscape anglo saxon england
literature countless details classic painting medieval cathedral symphony satellite story poem constructed closest attention detail element large small matters larger elements characters plot setting attract story narrative poem wonder characters going happen heard stories past similar pattern plot line characters similar known setting theme surprising makes unique individuality texture answer lies details literature writer readers full details read re create imaginations imaginative give body absorb details appeal senses minds hearts color landscape hear tone bell feel warmth fire understand motivation allusion feel emotion course simply enjoy details writer easy note pass think selection details writer increase enjoyment appreciation literature think detail included look closely sentence alert aware dimension reading literature
born shakespeare christopher marlowe killed brawl twenty maintain brawl erupted argument paying bill think marlowe killed result espionage government shakespeare died twenty greatest plays remained unwritten scarcely recognize marlowe death established powerful dramatist earning title father english tragedy tragedies tamburlaine jew malta dr fastus shakespeare greatest playwright addition plays marlowe wrote famous elizabethan lyric poems passionate shepherd love poem invitation pastoral happy peaceful country shepherds soldier explorer courtier poet historian sir walter raleigh colorful figures english history founded colony virginia introduced tobacco europe fought spanish armada famous story gallant sir walter removing cloak dropping ground queen elizabeth navigate puddle wetting royal feet raleigh help artists elizabethan times friend marlowe spenser managed obtain royal aid help publish books spenser faerie queene james elizabeth successor feared distrusted raleigh james reign raleigh charged treason convicted sentenced death imprisoned tower london twelve lived family servants wrote history
called noblest monument english prose appeared shakespeare lifetime result labor group notable scholars clergymen orders king james translations bible existence king james bible called english language translation receive widespread lasting acceptance english speaking bible means books christian bible consists books testament originally hebrew testament originally greek protestant reformation bible ordinarily read latin early english translation complete holy scriptures wycliffites lollards unsuccessful religious reformers chaucer reformation translations vernacular language william tyndale translation testament english translation printed tyndale testament ended abruptly execution religious turmoil period english translations appeared soon notably bible miles coverdale geneva bible translated english calvinists living switzerland rheims bible translated english catholics living france tyndale masterful prose king james translators turned began efforts resulting king james authorized version holy bible centuries widely read english bible widely read english book exerted enormous stabilizing influence english language changing steadily norman conquest king james bible written chiefly prose portions free verse poetry rhyme regular rhythm poetry
took freedom tell majesty contempt discovered europe rest answerable excellent qualities mind master reason extend bulk body contrary observed country tallest persons provided animals bees ants reputation industry art sagacity larger kinds inconsiderable took hoped live majesty signal service king heard attention began conceive opinion desired give exact account government england possibly fond princes commonly customs conjectured monarchs discourses glad hear thing deserve imitation imagine thy courteous reader wished tongue demosthenes cicero enabled celebrate praise dear native country style equal merits felicity conversation ended audiences hours king heard attention frequently taking notes spoke memorandums questions intended ask put end discourses majesty sixth audience consulting notes proposed doubts queries objections article
half eighteenth century period pope page wordsworth page called age johnson named samuel johnson critic poet playwright lexicographer essayist biographer period learned versatile influential literary figure renowned superb conversationalist respected moralist special insight human experience johnson greatest writer conservative values deep sensibility reflected age profound impact johnson born northern cathedral town litchfield father ran small bookstore family poor father lack money forced johnson leave oxford university taking degree success johnson pope hardship johnson struggled poverty left oxford supported wife number teaching journalism jobs financial success satisfy literary ambitions began produce works considerable importance including essays popular periodicals rambler idler critics praised equal superior addison steele spectator publication dictionary english language reputation secure lives poets ten volumes critical biographies written later deep influence critics unlike earlier biographers johnson insisted truth biographies including subjects shortcomings writings dr johnson called honorary degrees bestowed oxford dublin held general principles writer instruct offend morality religion copy attempt original odd
essay prose form francis bacon introduced english literature thrived eighteenth century hands practitioners addison steele nineteenth century form continued appeal romantic temperament stress individual relished essay vehicle subjective personal feeling romantic essayists william hazlitt hazlitt recognize greatness young keats poetic talents friend wordsworth coleridge especially close lifelong friendship charles lamb outstanding essayist romantics hazlitt father unitarian minister strong liberal views took family america founded unitarian church boston later returned england settled shropshire ages fifteen eighteen hazlitt attended college london vigorously pursued philosophical studies decided portrait painter mid thirties discover true calling contributor essays wide variety subjects english periodicals popular lecturer english poetry drama skilled writer hazlitt coleridge important critics hazlitt moody quarrelsome domestic happy marriages ending separation maintained liberal political religious views lifetime liberal friends contemporaries increasingly conservative result vehemence alienated acquaintances
oliver walls workhouse quarter hour scarcely completed demolition slice bread bumble handed care woman returned telling board night informed board forthwith clearly defined notion live board oliver astounded intelligence laugh cry think matter bumble gave tap head cane wake lively bidding follow conducted large whitewashed room ten fat gentlemen sitting round table top table seated armchair higher rest fat gentleman round red face bow board bumble oliver brushed tears lingering eyes seeing board table fortunately bowed boy gentleman high chair oliver frightened sight gentlemen tremble beadle gave tap cry answer low hesitating voice gentleman white waistcoat fool capital raising spirits putting ease boy gentleman high chair listen re orphan suppose
eliot american expatriate responded horror war confusion modern waste land waste land fragmented poem disillusion difficulty human communication modern portrayal hollow unconnected images myths past describe present single influential poem century auden stephen spender louis macneice important poets suggested improved liberal spirit reform moves welshman dylan thomas hand burden poems social political ideas affirmation overpowering love language poems sing musical quality surpassed william butler yeats decades innovation poets war ii free develop directions tradition british poetry offers today poets wealth sources learn react result contemporary poetry ranges thom gunn nonpoetic language subject matter ted hughes fascination animals charles tomlinson abstract images geoffrey hill myths drama modern britain thrives major playwrights theatrical movements accomplished actors innovative directors established britain theaters models william butler yeats started trend poetic drama plays based irish folklore including strand yeats helped found irish national theatre company produced remarkable playwrights plays inescapably irish mood content mixing cynical comedy stark realism
breath wind shiver high head high silent sea mist drooping leaves palms rattled mournful expiring sound white stretched legs chin rested chest murmured sadly lifting head love brothers arsat burst intense whispering violence care died wanted peace heart hear stir house listened stepped noiselessly white stood breeze coming fitful puffs stars shone paler retreated frozen depths immense space chill gust wind seconds perfect calm absolute silence black wavy line forests column golden light shot heavens spread semicircle eastern horizon sun risen mist lifted broke drifting patches vanished thin flying wreaths unveiled lagoon lay polished black heavy shadows foot wall trees white eagle rose slanting ponderous flight reached clear sunshine appeared dazzlingly brilliant moment soaring higher dark motionless speck vanished blue left earth forever white standing gazing upward doorway heard hut confused broken murmur distracted words ending loud groan suddenly arsat stumbled outstretched hands shivered stood fixed eyes burns
bright close dark sun shines goes sitting valley window turn head sun low southwest sinking moods stand western window watching sink afterglow reason past hour open window facing south small upright wicker chair armrests eyes stare unseeing till movement past close unseeing light quiet apparently till eyes open light turn head ninety degrees watch sun fading afterglow moods stand western window till dark evenings reason eyes open light close single movement open window facing south valley wicker chair actually close inspection trembling close inspection detail detail add finally trembling casually failing light impression dead hands clearly trembling breast faint rise fall legs side side broken angles knees statue god twanged sunrise sunset trunk likewise dead plumb top skull seen including nape clear chairback arms likewise broken angles elbows forearms armrests length forearms rests hands clenched lightly rest ends
discussed anglo saxon period pages written literature evolved myths legends customs history preserved orally professional traveling storytellers permanent version story existed storyteller bound outline original story shape version imaginatively description similes emphasis multitude unknown storytellers stretching centuries anglo saxon scops page part emerged genius homer eighth century homer known poet western literature read write singing accompaniment lyre small stringed instrument composed poetry orally authoritative edition poems published hundreds death scholars alexandrian library egypt known homer authorship epic poems iliad odyssey established tradition scholars believe homer lived city eastern shore aegean doubt existed greek historian herodotus lived century wrote early biographies homer facts presented works largely deduced passages poems credited homer according legend homer poor blind poet wisdom wandered city city singing verse homer epics classics vital part greek recited part religious festivals greeks revered source guidance religious moral matters child learned read studied homer regarded master literature rhetoric
nobel prize literature nobel prizes variety fields individuals thought benefit humanity prizes inaugurated swedish scientist alfred nobel awarded winner nobel prize literature chosen swedish academy letters yeats page eliot page george bernard shaw page george seferis page won nobel prize literature odysseus elytis greece eugenio montale italy czeslaw milosz poland contemporary european poets won nobel prize literature recent write poems highly representative homelands draw landscapes histories mythologies native countries speaks simply countrymen developed voice speaks poet fought war encountered oppression witnessed human suffering surprisingly writes liberty justice search values troubled modern odysseus elytis born youngest group poets known generation group included fellow nobel laureate george seferis page elytis actual surname alepoudelis born greek island crete father wealthy soap manufacturer educated mainland elytis returned beautiful greek islands vacations landscapes figure vividly poems war ii joined fight mussolini fascists albania greece neighbors balkans war studied paris returned greece worked radio theater addition writing poetry
trapeze artist art practiced high vaulted domes variety theaters admittedly difficult humanity achieve arranged working building trapeze night desire perfect skill later custom strong needs modest needs supplied relays attendants watched hauled specially constructed containers required living caused inconvenience theatrical turns stage aloft dissembled proved distracting fact times drew stray glance public management overlooked extraordinary unique artist course recognized mode mere prank constant practice art pitch perfection healthful warmer seasons side windows dome theater thrown open sun fresh air pouring irresistibly dusky vault beautiful true social limited fellow acrobat swarmed ladder sat trapeze leaning left supporting ropes chatted builders workmen repairing roof exchanged words open window fireman inspecting emergency lighting top gallery called sounded respectful
commissionaire wife leaves empty coffeepot travel folders knock wash hands exchange smock jacket pick morning paper leave ubia building rear entrance stroll town wonder escape tactics strategy intoxicated formula find disappointing performed easily strategy translated action carried hacks establish schools throwers possibly attempt throwers post offices printing establishments enormous amount energy valuable commodities intelligence utilized postage saved feasible conceive compose set brochures type print problems requiring lot study mere throwing mail ceased interest improvements level worked means basic formula devoting attention calculations concerning wrapping paper process wrapping virgin territory strive spare humanity unprofitable efforts burden groaning billions throwing movements energies dissipated utilized suffice change face earth advantage permitted undertake experiments department stores dispense wrapping process altogether post expert thrower wrapping table unwraps wrapped immediately ties wrapping paper bundles waste paper dealer problems meriting thought
portly client puffed chest appearance pride pulled dirty wrinkled newspaper inside pocket greatcoat glanced advertisement column head thrust forward paper flattened knee took look endeavored fashion companion read indications presented dress appearance gain inspection visitor bore mark average commonplace british tradesman obese pompous slow wore baggy gray shepherd check trousers overclean black frock coat unbuttoned front drab waistcoat heavy brassy albert chain square pierced bit metal dangling ornament frayed top hat faded brown overcoat wrinkled velvet collar lay chair altogether look remarkable save blazing red head expression extreme chagrin discontent features sherlock holmes quick eye took occupation shook head smile noticed questioning glances obvious facts manual labor takes snuff freemason china considerable amount writing lately deduce jabez wilson started chair forefinger paper eyes companion fortune holmes asked manual labor
chee sister arose sobs catching throat rushed past doorway chee sat upright terrible fear possessing moment mouth sound mother mother turned stricken face wife morning heard yesterday daughter death trader red sands chee started protest mother shook head slowly didn expect want girl child belongs mother custom frowning chee feet grinding cigarette dirt floor custom wife parents begin thinking custom hogan live face east started door overtake don realize want ask give daughter surely won refuse mother stopped gently outstretched hand couldn overtake trader car eat rest think forgotten things wife father night chee thoughts troubled half forgotten incidents disturbingly vivid early morning saddled buckskin set settlement red sands father law fat laugh chee knew talk things fat listen chee rode part fifteen miles red sands expectantly
girls let dash laurie leila put fingers laura pink velvet cloak lifted past big golden lantern carried passage pushed room marked ladies crowd space things noise deafening benches side stacked high wraps women white aprons ran tossing fresh armfuls pressing forward trying dressing table mirror end quivering jet gas lighted ladies room couldn wait dancing door opened burst tuning drill hall leaped ceiling dark girls fair girls patting hair tying ribbons tucking handkerchiefs fronts bodices smoothing marble white gloves laughing leila lovely invisible hairpins cried voice extraordinary single invisible hairpin powder darling cried needle cotton torn simply miles miles frill wailed pass pass straw basket programs tossed arm arm darling pink silver programs pink pencils fluffy tassels leila fingers shook took basket wanted ask meant read waltz canoe polka making feathers fly meg cried ready leila
forms literature poetry concerns real distills essence poetry concentrated form literature makes moment word syllable count concentration distinguishes poetry prose form writing read short stories novels newspapers prose runs margin margin page line poetry stops place poet desire create effect prose falls groups logically linked sentences paragraphs poetry arranged lines groups lines known stanzas created patterns sight sound logic poetry musical fanciful prose prose recreates familiar rhythms everyday speech poetry words unaccustomed wings poem simultaneously stirs senses makes think ears hum sound effects sensory images dazzle imaginations sights aromas tastes textures figures speech lift poem literal fact imaginative plane connections seemingly unrelated things suddenly plausible sound effects images figures speech turn touch emotions poet wants moment pages examine formal elements create meaning poem poem speaker sounds imagery figurative language addition look kinds poetry narrative lyric dramatic examine poems traditional experimental form finally elements create poem total effect special combination delight wisdom experience seeing transformed fleetingly
ship mayflower carried hundred passengers leader called pilgrims travelers took sixty days beat atlantic december mayflower put pilgrims ashore plymouth massachusetts unrelenting winter half dead survived joined settlers england colonists puritans puritans led clergymen dominated government religious outlook literature communities established extraordinary puritans devout christians wanted purify lives church saw corruptions english society religion church england called saints separatists generally called puritans sign separateness puritans believed powerful god freely granted saints gift grace grace complicated matter puritans spirit guarantee salvation eternal happiness god daily lives puritans wanted demonstrate moment possessed grace worthy puritans ideally aimed personal salvation building god centered society willing risk lives place practice religion freely raise children free frivolities temptations listen language refers bible easily frequently passionate desire establish jerusalem clear
reading literature offers experience experience words alive read actively imaginations participating writer producing reproducing experience literature experience exactly readers reader occasions potential release kind imagination bring literature historical limit experiences twentieth century americans ways share basic values emotions homer greece shakespeare london bradford plymouth times places ideas feelings learn read literature active historical imagination release times places illuminating place certainly agree views opinions writer order share imaginatively experience literature agree beliefs jonathan edwards feel shiver terror ran spines listened sunday puritan poet anne bradstreet means love poet expression means helps mean historical imagination past speak literature literature escape offers pleasure learning learning
smoke confederate council fire ascend pierce sky nations allies council fire peace adodarho thirteen cousin lords faithfully space council fire clean allow dust dirt accumulate lay wing broom weapon crawling creature lay staff thrust council fire confederate lords assemble purpose holding council onondaga lords open expressing gratitude cousin lords greeting address offer thanks earth dwell streams water pools springs lakes maize fruits medicinal herbs trees forest trees usefulness animals serve food give pelts clothing winds lesser winds sun mighty warrior moon messengers creator reveal wishes creator dwells heavens things source ruler health business nations confederate council conducted combined bodies confederate lords question passed mohawk seneca lords discussed passed oneida cayuga lords decisions referred onondaga lords firekeepers final judgment
england gave birth hopeful visions transcendentalists brought troubled vision nathaniel hawthorne hawthorne son sea captain born salem massachusetts raised mother hawthorne ancestors judges condemned witches salem hawthorne felt traits puritan ancestors intertwined character graduating bowdoin college maine drawn salem hawthorne puritan looked distaste dismal severity puritanic code law twelve lived mother house salem semirecluse studying american past teaching write told tales collection stories appeared hawthorne left lonely chamber worked boston custom house lived transcendental reformers visionaries utopian community brook farm later turned brook farm experience brilliant satiric book blithedale romance married sophia peabody moved manse concord emerson lived published mosses manse collection stories unable support wife hawthorne returned salem received political appointment surveyor port removed office change administrations began scarlet letter subtle study guilt retribution puritan boston published scarlet letter sensation hawthorne house gables college friend franklin pierce president hawthorne appointed american consul liverpool england
lived family master hugh baltimore almanac makers say weather condition variable interesting feature history learning read write marked disadvantages attaining knowledge compelled resort indirections means congenial nature humiliating mistress begun teach suddenly checked benevolent design strong advice husband faithful compliance advice lady ceased instruct set face flint learning read means due mistress say adopt course stringency thought unnecessary lacked depravity indispensable shutting mental darkness training hardening exercise slaveholder prerogative equal forgetting human nature character treating thing destitute moral intellectual nature mrs auld mistress kind tenderhearted woman humanity heart simplicity mind set live treat supposed human treat easy entering duties slaveholder experience needed nature prepare women slaves slaveholders rigid training persisted perfect character
emily dickinson poems published lifetime published anonymously death found home small packages poems poems carefully revised neatly tied ribbons scrawled scraps paper poems preserved poets english language lived died unknown public dickinson born father house amherst massachusetts attended mount holyoke female seminary nearby south hadley visited boston washington philadelphia young left home travel boston eye examination grew older communicated fewer fewer dressed white neighbors knew extraordinary radiant isolated woman age fifty dickinson died house born dickinson poems survived april thomas wentworth higginson kindly undistinguished literary critic received letter dickinson higginson dickinson enclosed poems wondering poems breathed higginson saw poems quality thought publication informal abrupt punctuation peculiar later editors dickinson equally unperceptive deeming style correct rewrote dickinson written order proper complete poems printed exactly dickinson written readers discover measure achievement whitman dickinson totally dedicated art private
morning youth discovered tall comrade fast flying messenger mistake scoffing yesterday firm adherents views sneering believed rumor youth felt problem wise lifted contrary irritating prolongation tale created concern newborn question mind compelled sink place part blue demonstration days ceaseless calculations wondrously unsatisfactory found establish finally concluded prove blaze figuratively watch legs discover merits faults reluctantly admitted sit mental slate pencil derive answer gain blaze blood danger chemist requires fretted opportunity continually tried measure comrades youth liked discovered suspected sympathetic comparison mental notes joy occasionally tried fathom comrade seductive sentences looked find proper mood attempts failed bring statement looked confession doubts privately acknowledged anxiety heart continually clamoring considered intolerable slowness generals
pivotal event modernist era war war attitude century optimism america emerging nineteenth century isolation spanish american war opening panama canal america power millions immigrants brought ideas ways american shores improved communications transportation europe east accessible american artists able exchange views share ideas colleagues abroad american writers period lived europe part lives ezra pound london robert frost visited england later gertrude stein settled paris poet langston hughes playwright eugene traveled merchant seamen part widening experience part extraordinary talents americans vanguard arts pound eliot shaped poetry modernist era stein fostered early careers pablo picasso modern painters european american artistic communities drew closer pound acted london representative poetry magazine verse experimental publication begun chicago harriet monroe imagist poems pound chicago effect carl sandburg midwest amy lowell england chicago poets sandburg edgar lee masters vachel lindsay influential magazine voices heard returned york city greenwich village experimental plays performed hughes leading figure burst creativity called harlem renaissance pound encouraged frost influenced john crowe ransom exchanged views college friend william carlos williams
ezra pound expression served rallying cry writers driving force modernist literature fifty restless mind busied seeking discoveries innovations art poetry styled revolutionist arts profoundly conservative searching history things find literature religions philosophies social systems pound wished change governments economics failed change face literature pound born small town idaho grew suburb philadelphia attending university pennsylvania left america europe remained early london paris whirlwind modernist activity invented imagism page worked hard modernizing poetry london representative poetry magazine pound helped nurture careers talents championed irish novelist james joyce close friend eliot influenced prose young american novelist ernest hemingway pound home rapallo italy devoted social economic thought poem cantos beautiful puzzling poems written poet italy pound admirer benito mussolini idealistic misplaced trust dictator devastating consequences war ii broadcast italian radio foolishly thinking contributing peace society war arrested imprisoned american troops pisa experience reflected greatest poetic achievement pisan cantos
basil began preparations shaved completing operation cutting short straight line nose bled profusely advice hilda maid finally stanched flow pieces toilet paper number pieces order facilitate breathing trimmed scissors awkward mustache paper gore clinging upper lip wandered impatiently house began working soaking tissue paper dabbing persistently freshening crimson line dried length rashly hailed mother opened tissue paper called play quarter dressed blue coat white flannels drew bar powder blemish dusted carefully handkerchief hurried joe gorman car joe driving person front lewis crum hubert blair basil big rear seat drove stopping city black bear road keeping backs talking low voices thought going pick boys shocked moment considered getting car imply hurt spirit face hardened sat speaking spoken rest ride half hour davies house huge rambling bungalow occupying small peninsula lake floated sight
mary finished story rosicky laid pipe boys tell dem hard times london warmly encouraged sat rubbing forehead deep creases bothersome tell story english nearly talked boys czech wanted polly hear dat tailor shop worked london christmas dere forgot times awful bad christmas de boss awful hard pay rent fun bein poor big city london say de windows full eat de pushcarts de streets full smell em de money bit didn mind de cold didn overcoat chust short jacket outgrowed wouldn meet hands chapped raw appetite de sight dem pork pies de windows awful fur christmas terrible foggy dat dat fog gits bones makes damp mrs lifschnitz didn give nothin bread drippin supper savin try give dinner christmas supper de boss say enjoy de streets listen de christmas singers dey sing songs nice music run round dem ways till awful hungry ink maybe home sleep till morning forgit belly corner real quiet roll fedder quilt head till smell ing git stronger stronger git sleep noway understand dat smell
robert lowell born oldest distinguished boston families known american poets james russell lowell page amy lowell ancestors early age lowell turned comfortable writing poetry haunted sense past mysterious burden guilt urgent inescapable seriousness need perform symbolic act lowell leave east reminders past attend college ohio studied poet john crowe ransom page immensely talented thoughtful lowell achieved early success poet winning pulitzer prize lord weary castle thirty book mills kavanaughs examined weariness verse highly crafted heavy dense symbols style achieved permanent reputation mid lowell suddenly drastically changed style discovered poetry younger americans allen ginsberg writing open direct style lowell poetry poetry brought early fame longer pleased sounded ears willfully difficult stiff humorless impenetrable surface began working sort poetry called confessional poetry confessional poems lowell began speak embarrassing openness frankness broke radically dominant critical tradition generation tradition taught think poem actual person poet
mrs miller lived pleasant apartment rooms kitchenette remodeled brownstone east river widow miller left reasonable amount insurance interests narrow friends speak rarely journeyed farther corner grocery house notice clothes matter fact hair iron gray clipped casually waved cosmetics features plain inconspicuous birthday sixty activities seldom spontaneous rooms immaculate smoked occasional cigarette prepared meals tended canary met miriam snowing night mrs miller finished drying supper dishes thumbing afternoon paper saw advertisement picture playing neighborhood theater title sounded struggled beaver coat laced galoshes left apartment leaving light burning foyer found disturbing sensation darkness snow fine falling gently making impression pavement wind river cut street crossings mrs miller hurried head bowed oblivious mole burrowing blind path stopped drugstore bought package peppermints line stretched front box office took place end tired voice groaned short wait seats mrs miller rummaged leather handbag till collected exactly correct change admission line taking looking distraction suddenly conscious girl standing edge marquee
leading authors critics asked twenty books written war ii saul bellow novels herzog henderson rain king seize adventures augie march list bellow referred important american writer generation critic leslie fiedler novelists need understand saul bellow born lachine quebec canada parents emigrated russia father importer egyptian onions growing bellow learned languages english hebrew yiddish french family moved chicago bellow recalls spent libraries attended university chicago northwestern university graduated honors sociology anthropology scholarship university wisconsin bellow academic career anthropology discovered urgent calling literature worked thesis turned story told interviewer disappeared christmas holidays bellow novels dangling victim won small adventures augie march won greater attention national book award herzog planet recent novels humboldt gift awarded pulitzer prize dean december bellow awarded nobel prize literature saul bellow novels generally concern alienated urban environments defeated
literature begins human voice speaking earlier book talked sound prose sound poetry remind importance pleasure hearing literature selections unit remind essential hear speakers nonfiction songs poets variety characters fiction heard emotion patrick henry speech hear excitement leonard bernstein makes music american bernstein essay lecture hear exactly delivered tape recorder pauses emphases hear minds reasonable version sound lecture hear relaxed informal american talking hear starts stops parenthetical explanations afterthoughts everyday speech don think country matter wouldn gershwin music say american paris american music american written colloquial writing easy hear comes alive read aural imagination imagining actual person talking poetry course listen music poem special tone poet olga cabral help give sound poet outcry help prisoner index file poem comic tone point exaggerated manner expression demands exaggerated reading aural imaginations moments prisoner file
short period readily called age steam practical steam engines invented system transportation appeared steam powered locomotives workhorse distance hauling working steam locomotive built richard trevithick pulled load ore track rail transportation development flanged wheel vehicles rails problem solved designs locomotives cars developed run rails george stephenson built steam railroad england stephenson locomotive rocket pull times weight kilometers km hour railroad huge success steam scheduled passenger railroad united states began service locomotive called friend charleston charleston south carolina kilometers railroad track operation united states continental railroad completed union pacific railroad met central pacific railroad promontory utah trip country months days coal began taking place wood fuel locomotives westinghouse air brake trains allowed brakes air pressure cut george westinghouse patented air brake air brake important development technology railroad transportation decelerating stopping train hazardous poorly controlled air brake
roadways commuter solid land masses natural obstructions met obstructions create need extensions roadway system mighty rivers challenged ingenuity engineers create bridges span waterways bridges roadways present entirely set problems roadways follow uniform pattern construction bridges considered kind items designed fit geographic situation engineer choose type bridge suitable geographic area materials type foundation needed support construction methods basic types bridges beam arch suspension bridge beam bridge beam support ends variation beam bridge known truss bridge exerts force downward ends variation beam bridge cantilever beam type bridge substantially extends main supports bridges exert downward force main supports upward force ends bridges put load subjected tension compression materials construction capable withstanding stresses simple beam bridge shorter spans approximately fifteen meters cantilever bridges longer spans arch bridge due shape produces outward thrust borne abutments roadway supported arch bridge built arch suspended arch bridge known rigidity strength
rotary engine engine continuous intake compression ignition expansion exhaust experiments engine shown commerically feasible emit carbon monoxide hydrocarbons nitric oxide rotary engine function emission control devices earlier gas turbine engine shown promise alternative power source turbine operates principle windmill blades case turbine products combustion wind turbine blades spin order efficient automobile engine blades turn high speeds step gearing transmit power vehicle turbine engines successfully stationary applications power pumps compressors generators turbine engine rotary engine fewer moving parts makes efficient engine easily maintained experiments shown turbine provide increased durability superior operating economy fewer parts parts precision conventional internal combustion engine operating principle turbine engine illustrated engine started central shaft starts turn draws air intake past series vanes air compressor air compressor forces air smaller space heats compression degrees centigrade air moves passes regenerator heats air degrees centigrade regenerators wheels honeycombed materials absorb high heat spent exhaust gases transfer heat incoming air preheat air prior ignition
urban environment presenting problems movement goods city created need vertical transportation cities land filled multistory buildings skyscrapers stadiums include elevators escalators moving walks part design elevator originally started safety hoist freight today carries billion passengers system move masses rapidly elevators complement forms transportation subways buses trains elevated railways total usage elevators million kilometers elevators move speeds meters minute modern passenger elevators highly sophisticated machines elevator car built secure metal frame moves guide rails located side elevator shaft steel cables car frame move sheave grooved rim top elevator shaft sheave counterweights sides elevator shaft counterweights balance load motor moving drive sheave controls ascent descent elevator brake machine normal stopping event overspeed governor actuates clamps sides frame grip guide rails bring car smooth halt push button push button located intermediate floor landing top floor lowest floor need button inside elevator car selector button floor allow passenger electronically place order desired floor
rail lines designed serve dual purpose provide passenger freight service passenger service major problem rail industry railroads desire involved passenger service public want utilize railroads department transportation initiated experiment type high speed train northeast corridor boston york trenton philadelphia baltimore wasington bo wash corridor appears high population area growing need intercity train service face continued lack usage rail systems passenger service overcrowding highways department transportation penn central railroad embarked bo wash experiment effort rail passenger service integral part transportation pattern later date national railroad passenger corporation amtrack created project experiment amtrack turbotrains attempt draw passengers rail service turbotrains consist power domed car end variable number intermediate cars canada canadian national rail service utilized intermediate units domed cars run montreal toronto united states run boston york single intermediate car turbotrain mechanical components beneath domed cars high powered gas turbines gear drives propel trains gas turbine engines obtain high speed affecting passenger comfort affecting stability train turbotrains utilize free shaft turbine engine means output shaft end power generated separate turbine stage drives compressor
intercity travel today easier national system interstate highways federal highway act established interstate program funding source federal aid highway trust fund program administrative direction federal highway administration states responsible construction maintenance kilometer system connects prinicipal metropolitan industrial areas united states invaluable service buses trucks cars distance travel serves move traffic cities suburban areas addition routes interstate system integral part nation industrial assembly line raw materials goods finished products move miles roadway factories cities today highway system network paved roads maintained safety considered critical problem special efforts continually eliminate hazards popular safety devices specially shaped concrete median barrier guardrails look flared ramped ends eliminate solid resistance case accident automobile hits rails guided stop guardrails reduce forceful impact crash special impact devices designed installed exit ramps help protect motorists areas accident damage potential barriers type barrels tops removed strapped barrels collapse hit type device tor absorbing barrier consists series telescoping tube sections absorb energy vehicle impact
forms passenger transport put operation decade hydrofoil air cushion vehicles operates principle suspension hydrofoils winglike structures lift hull water permit skim surface cruising speeds kilometers hour air cushion vehicles force large volume air directly hull lifts craft predetermined distance water level craft skims water surface air cushion hydrofoil principle developed successfully early alexander graham bell early model mt powered airplane engines mass tons bells craft reached record speed kilometers hour record broken hydrofoil service operating inland coastal waters twenty countries hydrofoil passenger boats carrying twenty forty passengers popular decade service island manhattan york wasington cincinnati baltimore philadelpha miami norfolk pittsburgh larger craft carry hundred passengers experimental discontinued term hydrofoil literally means water wing basically craft foils develop lift forward motion boat similar aircraft wings unlike airplanes hydrofoils develop lift buoyancy water air foils aerodynamically shaped attached hull waterline struts arms craft motionless proceeding low speeds hull rests water boat
vessel machinery includes propulsion plant boiler reduction gears drive shafts propellers auxiliary systems important engine gear units basic types power plants merchant ships diesels steam turbines diesel commonly european built vessels small american built vessels including inland waterways lakes steam turbines require boilers nearly large ships requiring kilowatts power experiments gas turbine nuclear engines conducted decade show promise efficient power sources future diesel engines contained internal combustion power sources burn liquid fuel directly engine assistance boiler steam turbine simple design able handle rough working conditions commercial vessels coasters cargo ships offer wide range power speeds frequently compactness durability reasonable initial cost distinct advantages turbine units diesels marine stroke stroke cycles stroke block cylinder arrangement larger engines common range cylinders medium diesels operating revolutions minute rpm produce kilowatts engines slow speed range rpm produce kilowatts direct drive marine units category power measured engine output shaft diesel engines steam turbine power measured propeller power swing propeller steam turbine widely form marine propulsion larger vessels built supply upward kilowatts
widely electronic navigation systems loran term derived combining letters words range aid navigation loran pulsed synchronized signals pairs stations determine difference signals received differences related lines position shown loran charts loran system shore based transmitting stations located points east west gulf coasts united states lines position emitted pairs synchronized transmitting stations spaced miles called master station slave station pair electronically synchronized transmit pulses radio waves timed millionth alternately signal pairs identified code charts designation identifies frequency channel basic pulse recurrence rate specific pulse recurrence rate loran receiver boat picks signals station produces digit number position fixed referring special loran chart lines cross loran stronger loran slave stations master station transmitter operates khz frequency permits ranges kilometers loran commonly commercial oceangoing vessels vor system aircraft recently adapted marine stems omnidirectional range radio navigation aviation charts transmitting stations called vor stations meaning visual omnidirectional range system marine transport short range highly accurate easy
air speed indicator implies measures speed aircraft air shows normal maximum speeds color scheme dial air speed shown miles hour knots indicator show ground speed aircraft flying high air speed progress ground considerably strong head wind wind blowing course opposite craft discrepancy air speed indicator measures rate airflow craft head wind increase airflow show higher air speed order calculate ground speed speed head wind subtracted air speed craft altimeter measures height aircraft feet meters ground sea level height expressed altitude based effects air pressure instrument air pressure affected temperature pilot careful settings altimeter sensitive device operates setting small dial barometer readings barometer readings change flight altimeter continuously readjusted plane requests altimeter setting control tower barometric pressure reading based mean water level mwl altitude airport feet mean sea level msl pilot sets altimeter mean sea level average surface level ocean water high low tides metric instruments altimeter pressure readings millibars flight pilot watch altitude aircraft general terrain temperature readings effect atmospheric pressure
domestic trunk regional carriers short medium range jets intercity transport planes cruise kilometers hour hundred hundred passengers douglas dc british aircraft bac caravelle jet sud aviation boeing examples short medium range aircraft smaller flexible large jet liners serve communities airports built primarily propeller driven aircraft size power allow shorter takeoff landing distances airlines bring comfort speed jet service smaller airports produced generation jet aircraft called wide body jumbo jets models type aircraft service lockheed tri star mcdonnell douglas dc boeing largest lockheed galaxy dc similar size shape engines wing tail cruise approximately kilometers hour carry passengers planes classified short medium range jets nearly doubled passenger cargo capacity classification short medium range jet boeing offers greater passenger comfort wide aisles seating jumbo jet class largest commercial jet airliner service carries passengers alternate seating arrangements permit greater capacity needed seats plane meters nearly size football field wing span meters stands meters high tail
aeronautical light beacons visual navigation aids display flashes white colored light beacons show location airports landmarks hazards points federal airways alternating white green flashes presence lighted land airport intermediate field beacon site natural landmarks points federal airway marked white red flashes flashing red light warns pilots obstructions radio television broadcast towers water towers high buildings hazards air navigation obstructions airports identified nonflashing red lights airport beacons daytime ground visibility control zone kilometers ceiling meters approach light systems aid pilot locating aligning aircraft runway landing classed instrument visual approach systems instrument approach lighting essential transition instrument flight visual flight landing series bright blue white lights flash sequence approach path flashes timed appears lights moving path direction runway visual approach slope indicator vasi visual light path approach zone fixed incline degrees horizontal lighting pattern guides amount descent approach landing runway lighting depends usage precision approach runways touchdown zone runway centerline lighting assist poor visibility occurs taxiway turnoff lights assist pilots getting main runway soon air traffic flowing
phase program nature emphasis types transit service innovations implemented minimum requirements equipment facilities efficient scheduling routing possiblilites phase ii control center city included computer equipment communications facilities control display consoles monitor transit operations demonstration corridor special instrumentation installed transit coaches operating corridor fixed locations phase iii depend degree results phases experiments require construction rearrangement physical facilities consideration modes transportation included plans phase iii innovative modes mass transit cities proposed general motors include bus rapid transit brt dual mode transit light rail systems advanced concepts bus rapid transit feasible medium sized cities general motors dual mode transit system concept proposes small fifteen twenty passenger bus driver operated local service driverless operation line haul function comprehensive form system demand responsive virtually door door travel transfer passenger bus picks additional passengers proceeds mode interchange bus transferred automated guideway mode passengers board driver departs bus collection distribution run guideway network line haul function moving vehicles automatic control major travel corridors light rail transit lrt feasible mainly densely populated urban corridors light rail essentialy means vehicle streetcar rapid rail vehicle design
space shuttle program presently active project research development space transportation despite tragic accident january prospects future benefits successful space shuttle tremendous primary mission space shuttle delivery payloads satellites earth orbit payloads propulsion systems place satellites high earth orbit planetary trajectories individual satellites delivered single mission satellites serviced checked loaded orbiter return space assignments satellites earth orbit retrieved returned earth servicing space shuttle crew consists pilots mission payload specialists reaching desired orbit mission payload specialists conduct predeployment checks operations satellite ready crew operates payload deployment system system lifts satellite cargo bay retention structure extends orbiter space shuttle releases final activation satellite radio command orbiter stands satellite performing satisfactorily proceeding remainder mission recover satellite orbiter rendezvous maneuver close secure remote manipulator arm satellite deactivated radio command lowered cargo bay locked place orbiter performs deorbit maneuvers enters atmosphere lands returning expensive satellite reuse missions flown shuttle spacelab project spacelab project joint venture european space agency national aeronautics space administration nasa spacelab costs shared ten european nations
conservation petroleum energy source depend considerably development efficient batteries storing energy nasa lewis research center cleveland poses question reduce dependency united states foreign oil chief solar electrochemisty division replies practical mass produced electric vehicle ev miles single charge meet percent daily driving needs battery technology require battery energy density present lead acid batteries potentially comparable cost progress realizing battery obvious automotive applications battery development impact areas electrical energy stored nickel zinc battery nasa solved basic reliability problems prior ni zn batteries nasa solution evolved space silver zinc batteries separator materials extend battery equivalent deep discharges means maintenance free ev pack cost important factor present compromise cost desired chemical physical microgeometry separator asbestos fiber substrate substance acted coated organic binder loaded oxides oxides react potassium hydroxide electrolyte battery initially charged makes coating porous yields desired conductivity term feasibility sealed maintenance free ev battery pack predicted cost mass produced ni zn battery kilowatt hour net cost battery
greatly respected greek philosopher aristotle claimed falling objects fall speed proportional weight false idea held true aristotle compelling authority scientific spirit single verifiable experiment contrary outweighs authority regardless reputation number followers advocates modern science argument appeal authority scientists accept findings experimental evidence strive distinguish wish scientists vast capacity fooling tended adopt general rules beliefs creeds ideas hypotheses questioning validity retain shown meaningless false questionable widespread assumptions questioned idea adopted attention cases support cases refute distorted belittled scientists word theory usage everyday speech everyday speech theory hypothesis supposition verified scientific theory hand synthesis large body information encompasses tested verified hypotheses aspects natural physicists speak theory atom biologists cell theory
kick empty tin moves kick filled sand move kick filled solid lead hurt foot lead filled inertia sand filled turn inertia empty matter greatest inertia amount inertia object depends mass amount material present object mass object force takes change motion mass measure inertia object confuse mass volume think object large mass large volume volume measure space measured units cubic centimeters cubic meters liters mass measured kilograms liter milk juice soda mainly water mass kilogram kilograms matter object space object things greater mass feather pillow common automobile battery clearly difficult set motion battery evidence battery greater inertia greater mass pillow bigger larger volume mass mass volume mass confused weight
galileo showed falling objects accelerate equally regardless masses strictly true air resistance negligible objects falling freely approximately true air resistance small compared weight falling object kg cannonball kg stone dropped elevated position fall strike ground practically experiment galileo leaning tower pisa demolished aristotelian idea object weighs ten times fall ten times faster lighter object galileo experiment showed result convincing galileo couldn say acceleration equal explanation straight forward application newton law topic cartoon backyard physics page let treat separately recall mass quantity matter weight force due gravity proportional kg bag nails weighs kg bag nails kg cannon ball times force gravity weight kg stone followers aristotle believed cannonball accelerate ten times stone considered greater weight newton law tells consider mass thought show ten times force acting ten times mass produces acceleration tenth force acting tenth mass
cg building lowered structure ground level important tall narrow structures extreme washington tallest freestanding structure space needle seattle structure deeply rooted center gravity actually ground level fall intact falling lower cg structure tilt intact ground cg raised tendency cg lowest position seen placing light object table tennis ball bottom box dried beans small stones shake box beans stones tend bottom force ball top process cg system takes lower position thing happens water light object rises surface floats object weighs equal volume water cg system lowered light object forced surface heavier dense water occupy lower space object heavier equal volume water dense water sink case cg system lowered case object weighs equal volume water density cg system unchanged object rises sinks
falling apple triggered reaching generalizations human mind newton saw apple fall maybe felt fall head story clear looking apple tree branches origin apple newton notice moon newton giving lot thought fact moon follow straight line path circles earth circular motion accelerated motion requires force force newton insight force pulls earth moon force pulls apples universe force force gravity newton developed idea compared falling apple falling moon moon fall yes newton realized moon fall move straight line leave earth idea moon falling earth moon falls sense falls beneath straight line follow force acted hypothesized moon simply projectile circling earth attraction gravity idea illustrated original drawing newton shown figure compared motion moon cannonball fired top high mountain imagined mountaintop earth atmosphere air resistance impede motion cannonball
payload put earth orbit rocket speed direction rocket important happen rocket launched vertically quickly achieved speed km soon crashing km achieve orbit payload launched horizontally km drag atmosphere launched vertically saying goes sad fact vertical speed sufficient insure goes escape answer yes fire speed greater km continually leave earth traveling slowly brought stop earth gravity let look energy point view required move payload force earth gravity distance infinitely think pe infinite distance infinite gravity diminishes distance inverse square law force gravity strong close earth launching rocket occurrs earth surface turns pe kilogram mass infinitely million joules mj
nice fate large animals fall statement bigger harder fall holds true consequence small ratio surface area weight air resistance movement air proportional surface moving object fall tree presence air resistance speed increases rate nearly don surface area compared weight wear parachute small animals hand need parachute plenty surface area compared small weights insect fall top tree ground harm surface area weight ratio insect favor sense insect parachute fact small things surface area compared volume mass weight evident kitchen experienced cook knows skin results peeling kg small potatoes peeling kg large potatoes smaller objects surface area kilogram crushed ice cool drink faster single ice cube mass crushed ice presents surface area beverage rusting iron surface phenomenon iron rusts exposed air rusts faster soon eaten form small filings chunks coal burn coal dust explodes ignited
teacher summarize archimedes principle numerical show difference upward acting downward acting forces due water pressure submerged block numerically identical weight liquid displaced makes difference deep block submerged pressures greater increasing depth difference pressures bottom top block depth figure shape submerged object buoyant force equal weight liquid displaced learned buoyant force acts submerged object depends volume object small objects displace small amounts water acted small buoyant forces large objects displace large amounts water acted larger buoyant forces volume submerged object weight determines buoyant force misunderstanding idea root lot confusion friends buoyancy weight submerged object account consider role object sink float liquid buoyant force compared object weight careful thought show buoyant force exactly equal weight completely submerged object weight object weight water displaced
scale commonly laboratories number assigned temperature water freezes number temperature water boils standard atmospheric pressure space divided equal parts called degrees scale called celsius scale honor suggested scale swedish astronomer anders celsius everyday scale united states number assigned temperature water freezes number assigned temperature water boils scale called fahrenheit scale german physicist gabriel fahrenheit fahrenheight scale obsolete united states goes metric arithmetic formulas converting temperature scale popular classroom exams arithmetic exercises physics probability occasion task small concerned closely approximated simply reading temperature side side scales figure temperature measure motion molecules atoms substance specifically measure average kinetic energy molecules atoms substance temperature measure total kinetic energy particles substance molecular kinetic energy liters boiling water liter boiling water
drop wrench baseball bat floor hear distinctly sounds objects vibrate differently stike floor tap wrench vibrations makes vibrations basefall bat object composed elastic material disturbed vibrate special set frequencies form special sound speak object natural frequency depends factors elasticity shape object bells tuning forks course vibrate characteristic frequencies interestingly things planets atoms springyness vibrate natural frequencies natural frequency minimum energy required produce forced vibrations frequency requires amount energy continuation vibration frequency forced vibrations object matches object natural frequency dramatic increase amplitude occurs phenomenon called resonance literally resonance means resound sound putty resonate elastic dropped handkerchief limp order resonate needs force pull starting position energy vibrating common experience illustrating resonance occurs swing pumping swing pump rhythm natural frequency swing
sound beam frequency directed tuning fork similar frequency tuning fork set vibration effectively redirect beam multiple directions tuning fork scatters sound similar process occurs scattering light atoms particles atmosphere atoms behave tiny optical tuning forks re emit light waves shine tiny particles tinier particle higher frequency light scatter similar small bells ring higher notes larger bells nitrogen oxygen molecules tiny particles atmosphere tiny bells ring high frequencies energized sunlight sound bells re emitted light directions scattered ultraviolet light sun absorbed protective layer ozone gas upper atmosphere remaining ultraviolet sunlight passes atmosphere scattered atmospheric particles molecules visible frequencies violet scattered blue green yellow orange red order red scattered tenth violet violet light scattered blue eyes sensitive violet light eyes sensitive blue blue sky blue sky varies places conditions
water molecules resonate weakly visible red frequencies gradual absorption red light water layer water reduces red light quarter initial brightness red light sunlight penetrates water red white light color remains question asked complementary color red complementary color red cyan greenish blue color sea water color depths looks greenish blue interesting note crabs sea animals black deep water found red raised surface depths black red look black red sea animals seen predators prey deep water survived evolutionary history visible varieties summary sky blue blue sunlight re emitted directions molecules atmosphere water greenish blue red absorbed molecules water colors things depend colors reflected molecules colors absorbed molecules element characteristic color emit light atoms vibrations interrupted neighboring atoms true colors emitted occurs atoms glow gaseous
intensity induced fields depends speed emanation let magnitude induced field depends vibrational rate motion field speed field emanates vibrating charge higher speed greater magnitude field induced high speed changing magnetic field induces stronger electric field low speed changing magnetic field vice versa speed emanation low strength induced field weak low speed mean mutual induction die energy fields case fields energy acquired vibrating charge fields disappeared means transferring energy form energy destroyed low speed emanation electric magnetic fields incompatible law energy conservation emanation speeds high hand fields induced greater greater magnitudes crescendo increasing energies clearly respect energy conservation critical speed mutual induction continue indefinitely loss gain energy equations electromagnetic induction maxwell calculated critical speed found kilometers speed light maxwell quickly realized discovered solution greatest mysteries universe nature light
einstein led quantum theory light study photoelectric effect photoelectric effect ejection electrons metals light falls metals photosensitive sensitive light effect electric eyes photographer light meter sound tracks motion pictures early investigators knew high frequency light dim source capable ejecting electrons photosensitive metal surface low frequency light bright source dislodge electrons knew bright light carried energy dim light thought bright red light dislodge electrons easily dim blue violet light case light high frequencies capable supplying sufficient energy eject electrons metals einstein explained photoelectric effect thinking light terms photons absorption photon atom metal surface process photon completely absorbed electron ejected metal means number photons hit metal electron ejected energy photon small brightness intensity light matter critical factor frequency color light photons blue violet light eject electrons hords red orange photons eject single electron
beta ray simply stream electrons ejected neutrons nucleus protons electrons buried inside neutron true electron exist neutron spark exists inside rock scraped rough surface electron pops neutron spark pops scraped stone produced interaction gamma ray pure energy visible light gamma rays simply photons electromagnetic radiation higher frequency energy visible light emitted electrons jump orbit lower energy gamma rays emitted nucleons similar sort thing inside nucleus differences nuclear energy levels photons emitted carry large amount energy difference penetrating power types rays alpha rays easiest stop stopped reasonably heavy piece paper sheets thin paper beta rays paper stopped sheets aluminum foil gamma rays difficult stop require lead heavy shielding block alpha particle easy stop big double positive charge interacts molecules encounters slows shakes molecules leaves positive negative ions wake traveling air comes stop centimeters
fields human endeavor science evolved formal tested methods solve problems scientific method important approach scientific method chemical elements discovered scientific method incorporates observations hypotheses experiments theories laws scientists observations note record facts natural phenomena try explain observations devising hypotheses hypotheses descriptive models observations hypothesis accounts scientists observe situations order learn scientists perform experiments conditions controlled important principle experiment repeated numerous times observations recorded experiment constitute data observations experimental data fit hypothesis scrapped adjusted refined hypothesis subjected experimental testing important interplay takes place hypotheses experiments hypothesis guides design experiments experiments guide rejection refinement hypothesis hypothesis meets test repeated experimentation elevated theory theory tested model explains experiments give results theory proved theories help form mental pictures objects processes seen give power predict behavior natural systems circumstances original observations
electronic thermometers commonly hospitals laboratories temperature measuring device thermistor thermistor bead rod disc mixture metal oxides compounds semiconductors ability conduct electricity increases temperature increases thermistor connected electric current temperature thermistor amount current pass change translated temperature reading thermistors fast accurate record change small seen plastic strips blocks display temperature numbers change color temperature thermometers liquid crystal substance flows liquid orderly arrangement molecules solid crystal flexible strips person temperature liquid crystal color dramatically temperatures strip heats color liquid crystal temperature reading visible scale devices mainly measure body temperature room temperature small range temperatures liquid crystal remains special close melting point turn solid lower temperatures true liquid higher liquid crystal thermometer accurate common mercury thermometer easy virtually unbreakable
notice units numerator solution units plan cups problem important check sure units cancel numerator denominator conversion factor equal actual arithmetic answer shown cups chili powder amount teaspoons chili powder found answer multiplying known measurement conversion factors equal unity calculated measurement equivalent known measurement solution problem shortened combining relationships step teaspoons cup effect solution step look product conversion factors solution step beginning section solve problem read examples thinking approach problems instance section worked ratio proportion method problems easily worked simple algebra able methods problem solving learn dimensional analysis broaden problem solving skills
finding chemical job analytical chemist analysis determine elements compound compounds mixture grouping atoms large molecule interest results show exact amount substance present process called quantitative analysis results show substances process called qualitative analysis high school chemistry courses include qualitative analysis experiment generally involves identifying compound part compound simple chemical tests include single replacement double replacement reactions tests called wet chemical methods involve mixing chemicals ordinary glassware drawing conclusions visible reactions wet chemical methods quantitative analysis require accurate mass volume measurements substance bee isolated chemical reaction collected carefully measured exactly professional chemists wet chemical methods analytical today instruments analytical chemist extremely small sample mass sample greater gram called macroanalysis sample mass gram called semimicroanalysis categories micro submicroanalysis category deals samples weight gram balance submicroanalysis detect grams instrumental methods detecting type light radiant energy absorbed atoms molecules
crime laboratory body fluids internal organs commonly analyzed poison drugs alcohol similarly analyses pills liquor fibers paint glass plastics metals inks performed blood saliva hair typed charred documents restored fire debris analyzed tests run tiny samples tests measure exact amount substance sample analysis pills drugs requires techniques quantitative analysis tests compare material sample matching paint crowbar paint door tests employ methods qualitative analysis forensic chemist expert fields career forensic chemistry requires degree analytical chemistry job training skill modern analytical instruments important specialized criminalistics courses include crime scene firearms investigation identification documents fingerprints collection storage evidence presenting evidence court important part forensic chemist job courses public speaking constitutional law recommended chemist able explain complex procedures results simple language judge jury lastly forensic chemist personal strength stand threats criminal hostile cross examination defense attorney cooks follow recipe making dish actual mixing begins sufficient quantities ingredients
high school chemistry courses include experiment disposable foam cup calorimeter reaction involving aqueous solutions chemicals cup initial temperature solutions final temperature mixture measured change temperature specific heat capacity water total volume water involved reaction heat calculated sections obvious sources error type experiment heat reaction heating cup lost environment cup closed reactants completely mixed temperature measurements accurate mixture cup water aqueous solution heat capacity pure water sophisticated calorimeters designed overcome problems reaction takes place closed chamber surrounded material absorbs heat heat reaction transferred parts calorimeter raising temperature amount heat equal heat capacity calorimeter times change temperature heat capacity calorimeter calculated reaction heat produced known calculated heat capacity measure heat reaction material reservoir water liquids metal choice depends highest temperature calorimeter
photoelectric effect explained classical physics quantum concept classical physics correctly viewed light form energy assumed weak light wavelength electron metal eventually collect energy ejected obviously photoelectric effect presents problem classical wave theory light einstein particle theory light explain photoelectric effect recognized threshold energy photoelectric effect occur photons beam light frequency monochromatic light energy frequency energy light low photoelectron ejected matter single photon steady stream low energy photons strike electron metal frequency light threshold frequency photoelectric effect occur analogous situation occurs table tennis balls strike billiard ball table tennis balls energetic budge stationary billiard ball matter balls collide contrast golf ball moving speed table tennis ball sets target ball motion golf ball energy threshold photoelectric effect excess energy photon needed eject photoelectron ejected electron travel faster increasing intensity light increases number photons striking metal
mendeleev karlsruhe conference held germany scientific meeting held standardize atomic molecular masses chemists masses calculated common standard mendeleev able relationship elements experimental results chemists mendeleev formulated periodic law process predicting general theory known details called inductive reasoning opposite predicting details known general theory called deductive reasoning general laws known results reliably predicted inductive reasoning risk error greater potential leading significant breakthrough mendeleev inductive reasoning predict properties elements unknown gallium discovered mendeleev insisted discoverer recalculate density experimental agree mendeleev prediction astonishment scientific recalculation proved mendeleev scientist built mendeleev theory henry moseley look closely periodic table find places elements order according atomic mass moseley proved elements arranged atomic number mendeleev predicted missing elements later found unfortunately science moseley killed war result moseley death british government longer assigns scientists combat duty war
halogens fluorine chlorine bromine iodine astatine halogens form homogeneous family nonmetals elements fluorine chlorine yellowish green gases room temperature atmospheric pressure continue periodic trend shown nitrogen oxygen bromine dark red liquid iodine purple black crystalline solid metallic sheen tincture iodine solution iodine alcohol widely antiseptic element astatine exceedingly rare radioactive solid investigated halogens exist nature uncombined compounds fairly abundant elements named halogens found salts group metals salts sodium chloride sodium bromide sodium iodide found seawater salt beds calcium fluoride mineral fluorspar free halogens reactive handled extreme caution compounds fluorine chlorine iodine essential included diet fluorine fluoride ion beneficial formation maintenance healthy teeth chlorine chloride ion major component blood body fluids iodine iodide ion prevent goiter enlargement thyroid gland halogens home industry dilute solution chlorine bleaching disinfecting agent silver chloride silver bromide light sensitive photographic film
balanced equation written reaction mean reaction actually occur chemical reactions important question conditions reaction spontaneous reactions reactions known produce written products reaction sodium water produce sodium hydroxide spontaneous reaction room temperature nonspontaneous reactions give products conditions terms spontaneous nonspontaneous refer fast reactants products terms refer reactants products reactions spontaneous slowly nonspontaneous section presents factors determine reaction spontaneous factors entropy heat released absorbed reaction molecular level reaction tends spontaneity reaction exothermic reaction tend spontaneity entropy products greater entropy reactants reaction heat entropy act favorable direction act unfavorable direction act opposition combustion carbon heat entropy favor reaction exothermic entropy increases solid carbon converted gaseous carbon dioxide reaction spontaneous heat entropy opposition ice melts process endothermic spontaneous
delicate balance exists reactants products system equilibrium application stress system disrupts balance french chemist henri le studied system result changed conditions proposed le principle stress applied system dynamic equilibrium system relieve stress types stress easily applied chemical systems concentration reactants products temperature pressure changing amount reactant product system equilibrium disturbs equilibrium system minimize original change carbon dioxide dissolves water reacts water slight extent form substance known carbonic acid equilibrium constant process small equilibrium amount carbonic acid carbon dioxide added equilibrium disturbed suppose carbon dioxide added shift ratio carbonic acide carbon dioxide carbon dioxide added reacts water form carbonic acid shifts ratio original words adding reactant pushes reversible reaction direction products carbon dioxide removed ratio increases greater carbonic acid decomposes system adjusts ratio removing reactant pulls reversible reaction direction reactants
problem arrhenius theory comprehensive explain behavior compounds behave bases aqueous solutions ammonia sodium carbonate basic compounds hydroxide johannes bronsted danish thomas lowry english independently proposed theory bronsted lowry theory defines acid hydrogen ion donor similarly bronsted lowry base hydrogen ion acceptor acids bases included arrhenius theory acids bases according bronsted lowry theory compounds included arrhenius theory classified bases bronsted lowry theory behavior ammonia base understood bronsted lowry theory ammonia gas soluble water ammonia dissolves acts base accepts hydrogen ion water reaction ammonia hydrogen ion acceptor bronsted lowry base water hydrogen ion donor bronsted lowry acid hydrogen ions transferred water ammonia hydroxide ion concentration greater pure water result solutions ammonia basic heating aqueous solution ammonia drives ammonia gas action equilibrium ammonia dissolution equation shift left ammonium ion reacts form reaction goes left hydrogen ion acts bronsted lowry acid hydroxide ion accepts acts bronsted lowry base
hydrocarbon substituent called alkyl group carbons common alkyl groups methyl group ethyl group propyl group alkyl group consists alkane terminal hydrogen removed alkyl groups referred radicals named removing ane ending parent hydrocarbon adding yl alkane alkyl groups branched chain alkane iupac rules naming branched chain alkanes straightforward compound find longest continuous chain carbons molecule chain parent structure longest continuous chain carbons parent hydrocarbon structure heptane number carbons main chain sequence start end give groups attached chain smallest numbers preceding instance numbers left places substituent groups carbon atoms chain numbered left groups positions higher numbers violate rule add numbers names substituent groups identify positions chain numbers prefixes parent alkane substituents positions methyl methyl ethyl
geologists believe coal origin million ago huge tree ferns mosses grew abundantly swampy tropical regions plants died formed thick layers decaying vegetation eventually covered layer layer soil rock caused build intense pressure pressure heat interior earth slowly turned plant remains coal stage formation coal intermediate material known peat peat soft brown spongy fibrous material decayed compressed garden refuse high water content dug peat bog allowed dry produces low cost smoky fuel peat left ground continues change period loses fibrous texture lignite brown coal lignite harder peat higher carbon content water content high continued pressure heat slowly change lignite bituminous soft coal bituminous coal lower water content higher carbon content lignite regions earth crust greater pressures exerted places eastern pennsylvania coal changed anthracite hard coal anthracite carbon content exceeds making excellent fuel source coal obtained underground surface mines
iupac system naming aldehydes ketones class longest hydrocarbon chain carbonyl group identified ending hydrocarbon replaced al designate aldehyde iupac system continuous chain aldehydes named methanal ethanal propanal butanal ketones named changing ending longest continuous carbon chain carbonyl group table demonstrates carbonyl group occur places chain position designated lowest number aldehydes ketones form weak hydrogen bonds carbonyl oxygen hydrogens water lower members series formaldehyde acetaldehyde acetone soluble water proportions length hydrocarbon chain increases water solubility decreases carbon chain exceeds carbons solubility aldehydes ketones low expected aldehydes ketones soluble nonpolar solvents aldehydes ketones form intermolecular hydrogen bonds lack hydroxyl groups boiling points lower alcohols aldehydes ketones attract polar polar interactions carbonyl groups boiling points higher alkanes attractive forces account fact nearly aldehydes ketones liquids solids room temperature exception formaldehyde irritating pungent gas
scientists discover living things information organized carefully updated constantly tremendous amount living things truth knowledge visible tip iceberg vast majority biology hidden countless things discovered scientists study biology called biologists part biologists observe living things biologists perform scientific tests experiments learn forms earliest biologists lived ten thousand ago middle east grain wild growing form wheat food observed broke wheat heads grains fell soil later began grow performed test planted wheat grains areas choosing observed grew results test widespread effects led beginning farming biologists areas interest ways working biologists interested individual living things study body parts organism try find parts function biologists study behavior living things interact twentieth century biologist named karl von wanted honeybees tell food von careful observations honeybees natural surroundings experimental beehives helped figure language bees
taxonomists problem placing living things categories realize related organisms belong groups related organisms kittens litter related mother members human families related parents grandparents ancestors biology related organisms thought common ancestors relatedness basis classification determine relatedness taxonomists look structure organism related organisms look alike organisms ancestors look alike taxonomist job easy related look belong category taxonomists find animal scales gills easily classify fish find animal feathers classify bird determining relatedness appearance difficult close relatives look alike related organisms look alike difficult classify addition unrelated organisms look alike whale looks tuna looks cow whales closely related cows tunas butterfly robin wings insects closely related birds appearances difficult taxonomists properly classify organisms taxonomists outward appearance find similarities differences organisms observe internal external features perform tests find chemical similarities differences
starfish sea urchins sand dollars sea lilies sea cucumbers examples echinoderms species echinoderms marine live ocean bottom adult body resembles wheel parts body radiating outward center general adult body parts multiples radiating outward common starfish arms echinoderms internal skeletons bumps spines stick skin makes skin rough phylum look animals features taxonomists think echinoderms closely related chordate phylum complex specialized members animal kingdom chordates phylum species chordates main characteristics development chordates gill slits animals fish gill slits develop functioning gills chordates cats dogs gill slits disappear born chordate characteristic presence notochord notochord supporting rod tissue runs animal notochord present development chordates chordate feature presence hollow nerve tube runs figure shows placement notochord nerve tube found development chordates chordate phylum divided major groups subphyla
chlorophyll molecules line thylakoid membrane chloroplast light shines leaf light absorbed chlorophyll light energy transferred electrons chlorophyll electrons energy electrons referred excited energized electrons excited electrons energy jump chlorophyll molecules leaving electron hole compounds thylakoid membrane chloroplast trap energized electrons compounds electrons undergo series enzyme reactions energy electrons atp light energy converted chemical energy atp energized electrons lose energy received light de energized electrons captured chlorophyll molecules originally jumped light strikes chlorophyll molecules causing release energized electrons electrons protons thylakoid membrane combined nadp forming nadph extra energy energized electrons carried nadph nadph goes thylakoid membrane enters stroma chlorolast breaks releasing energy protons electrons electrons protons form hydrogen synthesis glucose dark reactions energized electrons formation atp nadph light reactions wondering electrons replace missing original chlorophyll molecules
eat carbohydrate fat protein bodies need overeating form malnutrition heart disease high blood pressure diabetes disorders results weight gain excessive quantities vitamins taking vitamins harmful overdose vitamin fatal vitamin headaches kidney damage put unbalanced diets lose weight enjoy foods unbalanced diets consisting pizza soft drinks grapefruit eggs leave categories essential nutrients lead malnutrition problem lack information nutrition carefully planned diet allow eat foods enjoy lose weight malnourished food requirements amount kinds food person needs depends number factors including age sex health exercise newborn baby needs food kilogram adult sick require food recovering illness need extra protein nutrient kg lies bed eating requires kj active need learn human nutrition proper amount kind food individual
hiked high mountains noticed faster deeper breathe higher elevations lower elevations oxygen air higher elevations lower elevations hiking faster going rougher ground need air obtain amount oxygen lower elevation high altitudes air thin air pressure low high altitudes air pressure low allow oxygen cross membranes lungs average person experiences drowsiness weariness headache brain oxygen properly person loses consciousness air pressure pressure moist air lungs result water inside body begins boil death occurs avoid high altitude jet pilots astronauts wear special equipment biologists laboratories dealing microscopes preparing experiments conducting research biologists careers allow outdoors kinds weather biologists outdoors perform diverse activities wildlife management teaching environmental planning basic research areas person needs college positions technicians require college wildlife managers strive protect preserve wildlife
liver breaks red blood cells days formed erythrocytes destroyed special cells liver cells engulf red blood cells break hemoglobin iron released hemoglobin carried blood parts body bone marrow iron manufacture hemoglobin part broken hemoglobin pigment waste product pigment enters bile passes small intestine eventually removed body feces addition breaking amino acids red blood cells liver breaks harmful foreign substances breaks ingested poisons drugs leave digestive system reach rest body breaks excess hormones enzymes produced body poisons liver breaks chemical structure similar naturally occurring materials liver enzymes break natural materials able destroy drugs function saving makes destructive substances harmless prevents hormones medications chemicals accumulating harmful levels cortisone sulfur medicines examples drugs liver breaks liver ability substances harmless limits materials accumulate liver destroy tissue alcohol excess period deteriorate liver pollutants pcbs polychlorinated biphenyls pesticides ddt harm liver
bones move result muscle contraction body types muscle skeletal muscle smooth muscle cardiac muscle muscles involved locomotion skeletal muscles skeletal muscle stripelike markings striations striations striking tissue examined compound microscope skeletal muscle composed muscle fibers muscle fiber cell nuclei nervous system controls contraction skeletal muscles skeletal muscle contractions automatic unaware think moving diaphragm muscles order breathe consciously control action skeletal muscles stop breathing want similarly decide walk sit throw ball reason skeletal muscles called voluntary muscles skeletal muscles pairs remember arm moves set muscles bends arm set muscles straightens general muscles bend body part called flexors biceps flexor arm muscles straighten body part extensors triceps extensor arm combined action flexors extensors produce movements skeleton muscle interal organs smooth muscle composed spindle shaped cells interlace smooth muscle cell single nucleus smooth muscle cells striations
outward flow potassium ions lasts milliseconds finally sodium pump actively pumps sodium ions cell occurs potassium ions rush resting restored takes milliseconds membrane recover polarized resting transmission impulse movement ions neuron compared putting match trail gunpowder beginning trail lit flame catches sets fire gunpowder directly front keeps happening flame moves steadily trail gunpowder end similarly impulse travels axon excites portion axon directly ahead result impulse keeps moving neuron unlike burned gunpowder trail impulse passed part neuron membrane resting process begin neurons touch directly microscopic space exists axon neuron dendrites neuron space called synapse impulse travels neuron neuron moves axon neuron crosses synapse continues dendrite neuron axon ends bunch small fibers small fiber delivers impulse synapse end fibers mammals synaptic knob tip sacs knob chemicals transmit nerve impulse
imagine surpise early ancestor stuck willow branch ground find grew tree idea grow exact copies plants trees plant leaves african violets coleus stems potato tubers onion bulbs advantage natural type asexual reproduction occurs plants animals asexual reproduction results exact genetic duplicate parent occurs simple mitotic division algae protozoa vegetative reproduction case willow term common reproduction cloning cloning known plants recently increased interest possibility cloning higher animals humans ago popular cloning wealthy person scientists regarded book science fiction true cloning mammal occurred laboratory highest animals successful cloning place amphibians cloning technique amphibians involves transplanting nucleus cell egg cell nucleus removed transplant successful organism exactly organism donated nucleus develops transplant nucleus carries organism full load genetic information cloning higher animals breed livestock asexually
usual pattern sexual reproduction males produce sperm females produce eggs male female parents appearance structure cases parents differentiated male female organisms produce isogametes bread mold parent organisms look alike similar structurally referred strains animals parastic worms individual able produce eggs sperm sperm produced animals fuse eggs animals earthworms single organism produces sperm eggs fertilization occur eggs sperm worm individuals exchange sperm eggs earthworm fertilized sperm earthworm cases apply terms male female joining fusion sperm egg called fertilization egg sperm combine single celled zygote formed gamete contributes set genes zygote zygote unique combination genes parent organisms sperm egg fuse body female type fertilization called external fertilization external fertilization common animals living water including fish amphibians external fertilization male female mating partners release sperm eggs water sperm swim eggs fertilization takes place
vascular cambium thin layer cells primary xylem primary phloem cells vascular cambium divide specialize secondary xylem secondary phloem cells inside vascular cambium secondary xylem vascular cambium secondary phloem xylem produced phloem pushing vascular cambium center stem vascular cambium moves crushes layer phloem cells died end previous growing season vascular cambium produces horizontal conducting tissues called rays radiate outward center stem transport materials laterally xylem phloem water conducted xylem tree shrub ages waste products accumulate xylem center stem closing cells liquids pass xylem center stem woody food transported thin layer phloem stem cork cambium located stem produces cork impermeable water oxygen carbon dioxide gases lenticels cork enable water gases exchanged interior plant tissues vascular cambium secondary phloem crushed phloem cork cambium cork layers dead cork tissue collectively referred bark bark living tissues outer bark dead tissues
water includes kinds consumers predators scavengers parasites consumers find niches watery habitats organic debris sinks bottom bodies water bacteria fungi thrive waste products remains minerals nutrients released decomposers circulate upward carried currents producer level lake inland basin water lakes run ocean considered standing water term standing water lake fed streams outlet pond simply small lake lakes vary size depth small ponds masses water lake superior covers deep parts newly formed lakes sediment bottom older lakes lake baikal siberia million km sediment built bottom lake water salty salt lake fresh lakes range murky crystal clear physical conditions vary lake water temperature varies depth summer upper layer lake water warmed sun lower layers colder reverse true cold areas winter water stays top water remains underneath spring fall temperatures parts lake change changing temperatures lake water mix
organisms body rhythms continue stimuli external environment changed artificially rhythms continue organism lighted area days moved zone living things sort timer biological clock inside body keeps cycles going actual keeping structure found organism keeping mechanism believed exist fiddler crabs darkened skin night skin lighter color darkest fifteen days lowest low tide occurs study crabs constant darkness skin dark light natural environment study fiddler crabs atlantic ocean dark containers plane pacific pacific waters crabs color changed according atlantic tides experiments support existence biological clocks bodies diurnal rhythms bodily rhythms living zone tune local fly zone biological clocks working schedule travelers find hungry sleepy times usual scientists wondered happens living constant environmental conditions experiment individuals remained completely special underground rooms weeks light environmental factors constant subject activities bodily functions monitored
alcoholism disease person physically emotionally dependent addicted alcohol million alcoholics united states alcoholism complex involving heredity environment alcoholics suffer addiction health impaired perform jobs properly family social lives suffer alcohol supply suddenly stopped alcoholic physically ill condition known withdrawal sickness withdrawal sickness severe hard live reason difficult alcoholic stop drinking drugs substances medicine prescribed physician drugs help patient regain physical mental health drugs prescribed help patient sleep reduce pain administer drugs medical reasons drug abusers reasons drug abusers want relief problems fun drug abusers chemicals harmful physical mental effects chemicals include barbiturates induce sleep amphetamines awake include mind altering drugs marijuana lsd change perceptions thoughts feelings include narcotics heroin cocaine deaden pain produce temporary feeling pleasure repeated drugs addiction addiction involve physical emotional dependency dependent drug user overdose death
asked questions plant grow predict weather makes night scientists found answers questions information part science questions answers scientists trying find answers special finding answers part science scientists look listen carefully senses senses fool scientists measure things write find test things times scientists try answer question read learn scientists found learn reading information science book comes scientists read science book read carefully find meaning words dark type pictures help learn find ideas study science ideas easy understand ideas difficult think carefully idea understand ask questions give understand ideas learn activities learn scientist senses write measure begin activity read directions try guess happen end think happened answer questions scientists careful need careful
dinosaurs lived millions ago person seen living dinosaur found dinosaur fossils fossils traces animals plants lived ago fossils bones teeth footprints turned rock scientists dig bones teeth measure footprints study fossils order learn dinosaurs scientists put fossil bones shows big dinosaurs look picture dinosaur buses tall person small chicken fossil teeth show dinosaurs ate dinosaurs large sharp teeth ate animals dinosaurs flat teeth ate plants dinosaurs teeth ate plants tiny animals fossils show dinosaurs walked walked legs walked legs dinosaurs spikes dinosaurs horns things helped dinosaurs safe easy put dinosaur bones dinosaur picture bones bones called plates scientists thought plates grew rows scientists think row sure dinosaurs looked find print stir plaster paris bit spoon put leaf shell top plaster push plaster let plaster hard leaf shell
imagine family raccoons trees cleared bulldozers knocked trees birds flew raccoons leave hide remaining trees fish stream workers turned muddy stream cement channel water creatures disappeared raccoons stayed learned find food garbage cans found shelter chimneys sheds attics changing act raccoons able live environment acting called adaptation adapation helps organism food build home protect raccoons adapted living woods trees cut raccoons adapted change found kinds food shelter birds responded differently left adapt act happened coming home school put key door thinking dinner suddenly hear surprise happy birthday living room full friends camera flashes catches shocked look face happy happens called response chance catch breath respond birthday tomorrow join fun response caused stimulus
animals respond differently environment type response depends kind animal depend animal learned responses help animals survive responses automatic happen thinking cold shiver shivering automatic response stimulus cold thinking matter fact shivering helps feel warmer animals respond automatically temperature animal responds depends cold blooded warm blooded birds penguins warm blooded animals skunks warm blooded animals warm blooded animal animal body temperature stays matter surrounding temperature warm blooded animals food energy bodies steady temperature cold weather warm blooded animals store body fat grow thicker fur turtles snakes cold blooded body temperature cold blooded animal surrounding temperature temperature warm cold blooded animals warm body temperature cool body temperature cool cold blooded animals active cold animal acts called behavior animals kinds behavior animals born knowing things behavior animal born instinct birds build nests instinct born knowing kind behavior called learned behavior learned behavior acting animal learn
plants animals respond environment plant responses easy observe plant responses help plant needs live grow animals respond touch plants venus flytrap respond touch insect brushes hairlike parts venus flytrap leaf parts leaf spring shut insect trapped leaves plant slowly digests insect plant responds touch called sensitive plant small feathery leaves fold droop touched plant stems grow upward plants learn grow light plant roots grow downward grow water response plant stimulus called tropism plants tropisms light water gravity tropisms help plants survive roots roots respond pull gravity grow earth result plants rooted firmly ground roots grow underground water supplies result plants needed water minerals ground seasonal occur summer warmer hours daylight winter wetter spring winter plants respond types plants respond differently seasons grow flower form seeds times plants water roots growing season plants lose water leaves
supper nearly uncle bill pasture rounding strays explained passed eggs ham lost calf someplace dry creek don think find varmints vultures helped morning bill nephew spotted vultures traced lazy circle sky flew sight ridge vultures found parts matter live vultures scavengers scavengers found food chain chapter learn animals relate struggle survive earth home living things share land air water survive living thing depends earth web relationships living things living things organisms relate depends need food look picture brown bear relates fish affected bear need food nature relationships cruel relationships organisms harm organism relationships harm organisms lesson learn plants animals depend plants animals food consumers capture kill food food plants animals died animals eat dead plants animals called scavengers
dog cat scratching fleas fleas food sucking animals blood organisms live organisms harm called parasites food organism live organism live called host fleas parasites dogs cats hosts common parasites types worms tapeworms live inside body animal food host digested leeches worms live body animal leeches suck blood host animal plants parasites mistletoe parasite grows trees takes food water tree lives animals special relationship called mutualism mutualism organism benefits organism clownfish sea anemone picture examples anemone sting fish sting clownfish anemone helps clownfish safe enemies food clownfish drops food anemone lichen plantlike organism organisms organisms alga alga makes food shares organism fungus fungus food water shares alga organisms help lichen mutualism
dr john conway thinks ants caterpillars butterflies bugs interesting dr conway biology professor university scranton pennsylvania traveled countries study plants insects live says dr conway caterpillar stage cycle butterfly caterpillar forms hard case pupa turns butterfly caterpillars eat parts plant diets eat special kinds leaves special leaves caterpillar starve kinds leaves nearby caterpillars eat bugs caterpillars turn butterflies blue wings called blues blues caterpillars sweet substance honey aphids ants love honey carry blues caterpillars nests inside nests caterpillars eat ants hatched eggs blues caterpillars find ant nest eat aphids caterpillars bugs watch spend lot outdoors forestry technicians forest rangers protect manage forests country forestry technicians help disease damage trees forest cut diseased trees protect healthy plant trees place trees removed
ms chin class science museum electricity hall glass ball table colored sparks danced inside ball ms chin reached touch ball don touch alfredo happen happen ms chin touched ball sparks moved hands alfredo screamed relax alfredo ms chin inside ball electric field touched ball changed field attracted sparks makes electricity find answers questions electricity chapter violent thunderstorm large sparks jump part cloud jump clouds jump clouds ground giant sparks called lightning form electricity ago lightning lesson learn lightning electric charges word electricity related matter atoms atom smallest complete part kind matter atoms particles particles electric charge kinds atoms particles look drawing model hydrogen atom hydrogen atom smallest atom particles center nucleus hydrogen atom positively charged particle negatively charged particle nucleus hydrogen atom hydrogen atom kinds particles kind positive charge kind negative charge
push controls washing machine toaster machine starts bridge lights turned bridge lights things happen electricity moves wires connected controls switches lesson learn electricity moves wires materials let electricity flow materials let electric charges form energy flow called conductors things metal copper aluminum wire conductors materials wood plastic poor conductors electric charges conductors path electric charges move place flow movement electric charges called current look drawing current flows wire path light bulb path formed conductor flow charges called circuit look top picture trace circuit wire dry cell switch lamp dry cell complete circuit current follow lamp lit picture bottom switch open path dry cell complete lamp lit electricity path move charges moving circuit move part circuit circuit current path flow called series circuit
moves direction start moving moving stops direction happen motion caused force change speed direction motion caused force force push pull effect force object depends things size force direction force look picture happen pulling force dogs added happen person pulled sled opposite direction dogs dog sled moves pulling force dogs dogs hard person help pushing sled important forces causing motion gravity gravity force pulls things center earth skydivers pulled earth gravity throw ball pulled earth gravity surprised pulling force exists objects small objects pulling objects mass greatest pulling force earth incredible mass reason pulling force strong pull objects exist pushes pulls motion fact force actually resists motion
wind water change earth surface break large rocks small pieces called sediments sediments carried wind running water deposited layers deep rocks form layers sediment called sedimentary rocks pictures show sedimentary rocks form kind sedimentary rock forms depends kind sediment sandstone grains sand feels gritty shale pressed mud feels smooth limestone small pieces animal shells feel heat earth melt rock forming magma lava surprised heat change rocks kind pressure change rocks kind igneous sedimentary rocks buried deep earth pressure temperature hot extreme heat pressure change minerals rock rocks formed minerals changed heat pressure called metamorphic rocks marble metamorphic rock changed heat pressure limestone sedimentary rock slate chalkboards metamorphic rock sedimentary shale heat pressure changed slate cycle repeats seasons follow cycle goes cycle rocks cycle rocks change kind change takes place millions
dreadful summer island north atlantic deep rumbling sound heard afar black cloud mountain town ran shelter sky turned dark quieted slowly homes cloud mountain nearly covered dark dustlike material houses nearly buried fortunately hurt caused cloud mountain dark dustlike material reading chapter idea happened dug hole found soil rocks geologists found earth soil rocks fact believe earth layers materials earth layers layers hard boiled egg egg layers thin shell thicker white yolk center picture shows earth layers crust mantle core crust thinnest layer outer layer earth crust solid thin thick dug graph shows deep holes earth crust crust rock formed cooling magma small amounts important materials crust gems iron ore oil coal gas water materials crust
volcanoes evidence forces working deep inside earth forces earth bending moving huge blocks earth crust movement crust vibrations known earthquakes earthquakes common think scientists believe earthquakes minute small noticed large cracks occur earth crust cracks crust called faults earthquakes occur faults look series drawings show happens earthquake look drawing read step number forces push blocks crust sides fault friction prevents solid blocks sliding past forces continue push blocks thousands forces rock making crust bend force rocks suddenly break slip past rocks break stress building thousands released release stress creates vibrations shock waves shock waves called earthquakes look top drawing point crust stress released called focus shock waves travel directions focus reach surface point directly focus point called epicenter shock waves strongest point focus earthquake located beneath ocean floor
perfect morning race sky city clear blue temperature cool running race mendoza family arrived early place starting line happens run end asked children sure won run mrs mendoza let start slowly enjoy walk added mendoza tired walk end food drinks prizes mendozas part outdoor races exercise body chapter learn exercise fitness picture performing kinds exercises learn lesson stretching kind exercise lifting weights kind exercise running kind exercise exercise active muscles stronger healthier vigorous exercise important warm stretching exercises stretching lengthens muscles stretching exercises likely strain muscles exercises help joints flexible likely injured vigorous exercise cool stretching exercises helps bring breathing heartbeat normal stretching keeps muscles getting tight kinds exercises designed muscles stronger
exercise reasons exercise build stronger muscles exercise stronger heart exercise lose weight exercise reduce tension feel relaxed think feel getting lots exercise feel tired body healthy workout physical fitness means things means body strong means body flexible means body endurance strong body able lot strength lift push pull strong muscles help lift heavy objects strong heart breathing muscles improve health body flexible body permits easy bending bending depends movement joints tendons muscles stretched joints flexible stretching exercises help joints bend easily flexibility help prevent injury muscles tendons body physically fit endurance endurance staying power play longer tired tired easily low endurance exercise help improve endurance amount energy food measured calories calorie unit energy produced food food energy need extra energy stored body fat food energy need body energy stored fat lose body fat
dr johnnie frazier doctor takes care children kind doctor called pediatrician works hospital university texas medical center houston dr frazier knows lot children bones longer says bones stretch grow parts body end bone growth zone special cells cells divide times bone cells result bone longer longer middle part bone grows bone thicker longer bone soft minerals bone hard baby bones body grow bones join bone adult bones bones rest body grow quickly young bone grows faster muscle connected pull muscle ache called growing pains notice bones growing hear ambulance siren street sick injured person hospital emergency vehicle dispatchers charge sending ambulances ask patient found ask patient special needs
living things respond environment environment living thing sunlight part plant environment plants respond sunlight growing cold weather part animal environment animals respond cold weather finding shelter plants animals respond respond things environment living things reproduce reproduce means living things living things adult living things opossum cubs produced adult opossums race car needs energy energy gas gas move reproduce cells race car living thing baseball bat comes tree tree cells tree bat cells died bat living cells respond environment grow change baseball bat living thing thermometer responds changing environment liquid thermometer moves depending temperature reproduce thermometer living thing balloon grows blow cells reproduce balloon living thing spiders hatch eggs grow bigger spiders cells build webs catch food respond movement webs female spiders lay silky white cases spider eggs
familiar kingdoms animals plants organisms kingdoms cells cats birds insects jellyfish clams animals tiny mosses giant redwood trees plants shrubs cacti ferns seaweed plants animals animals plants separate kingdoms main reasons plants food live sunlight water soil air things help plants food animals food need eat food difference plants animals movement animals move ways sharks swim zebras run moths fly lizards crawl rabbits hop seen plant hop fly plants move fact plants roots moving mushroom plant looks plant plant move organism fungi kingdom fungi food organisms dying dead molds fungi live spoiled food mushrooms live rotting trees fungi cell cells protists tiny celled organisms need microscope protists food eat food protists move move top pictures show protists eats food moves special hairs makes food moves special tail kingdom monerans monerans tiniest celled organisms
think live live longer organisms houseflies live days organisms live longer oak trees live matter organism lives major change organism called stage stages let look stages baby small needed care adults baby stage grown changed stage look drawing stage stage change adult reach stage weigh taller able children stages organism called cycle animals plants simple organisms cycles organisms cycles stages cycles stages seed plants kind plant cycles stages pepper plant kind seed plant let look stages stage pepper plant seed seed hard coat inside tiny plant ready grow seed food plant seed water warmth grow seedling seed germinates seedling begins grow stage pepper plant seedling
july number reached billion hundred million live united states live live town city live part populations population group kind organism lives place animals plants part populations trout river animal population field daisies plant population populations populations special places live place population lives called habitat hive habitat bees pond habitat fish frogs forest habitat deer squirrels trees flower garden picture habitat populations think live size habitat affects size populations live hippos river hippos live river live pond daisies live field live flower garden populations stay size grow shrink number things change size population number predators change size population predators animals eat animals look snake eating frog snakes predators frogs snakes eat frogs frog population shrinks food supply change population sizes
drawing grassland community community populations plants include types grasses small bushes wildflowers animals include prairie dogs badgers ferrets rattlesnakes owls meadowlarks caterpillars grasses wildflowers producers food grow food stored roots stems leaves prairie dogs consumers eat plants food eat grass food grow move food stored bodies badgers consumers eat animals consumers eat animals badgers eat prairie dogs food food food stored animals community depend plants community animals eat plants depend plants badgers eat plants depend plants grasses prairie dogs food prairie dogs badgers food look grassland community producers consumers find coral reef special ocean community corals tiny animals size pinheads hard covers build covers form coral reef reef shapes colors corals eat smaller animals plants live reef animal populations depend coral reef shelter angelfish butterfly fish eels shrimp sea anemones live reef
anne galli director hackensack meadowlands environment center lyndhurst jersey hikes forests fields study kinds plants animals reasons care endagered plants animals says ms galli enjoy plants animals course living things respect live sure effects endangered plants animals extinct plants chemicals medicine plants think weeds turn plants discovered animals eat plants animals food kind animal plant needed food disappears animals eat die endangered plants animals extinct bad effects organisms maybe humans enjoy trees flowers homes find plant nursery worker workers plants grow kinds soil climates tell plant things nursery workers designs plants homes careful protect plants diseases insects weeds nursery workers indoors outdoors training job wildlife conservationists help protect endangered animals wildlife conservationists records populations endangered animals
matthew wanted build doghouse sure tools needed older sister amanda showed need machines pointed saw hammer nails matthew understand called machines machines objects easier reduce amount force needed machines parts machines parts machines parts called simple machines let find simple machines easier seesaw type simple machine called lever lever bar moves things lever parts part moves called arm part move called fulcrum fulcrum supports arm find parts seesaw lift adult takes force lever help lift adult need force lift lever girl picture lifting father seesaw closer father fulcrum force needs lift objects types levers find arm fulcrum lever lift lever piano picture heavy lift truck pushed ramp ramps types simple machines called inclined planes inclined plane slanted surface inclined planes reduce force needed move things higher places
matter moving look picture planes moving air moving matter moves takes energy matter move energy ability takes energy matter change matter change thing water change ice wood change ashes burns forms energy heat form energy let find forms energy match toaster heater give heat energy heat energy cook food warm heat energy heat energy makes bits matter move heat energy faster move watched water heating pan water hotter moves bits matter water energy move faster heat energy change matter heat makes solid gold change liquid gold liquid cools solid heating gold makes bits matter move faster cooling gold makes bits slow walk dark important light energy light energy light energy sun helps night light energy lamps candles
forms energy electric energy ways look pictures find things show electric energy electric energy comes batteries cars flashlights toys batteries electric energy comes power plants travels wires home wires send electric energy parts home flip switch start electric energy moving wires electric energy energy stored matter energy stored food eat energy matter stored eat food body food energy energy walk talk eat food energy stored wood wood burns stored energy energy light heat energy battery chemicals energy stored chemicals inside battery chemicals change stored energy electric energy lot things move amusement park objects moving parts motion energy motion energy fact motors washing machines power tools cars motion energy look drill picture motor drill amount motion energy object depends things
spring erica father drives large tractor fields spring planting crops fields plowed seeds planted erica watches tractor pulls field father lowers plow blades ground tractor sputters groans slowly moves forward tractor plow blades cut soft moist ground dark crumbly soil turned upward erica picks handful soil wonders soil soils look soils learn answers questions read chapter playing dirt mud lot trouble dirt mud lot trouble call dirt mud soil soil important reasons think foods eat plants plants grow soil soil important soil existed earth ago ground solid rock millions rock changed soil let find change took place soil main parts part tiny bits rock bits larger rocks part called humus humus rotted plant animal parts dark brown crumbly soil nutrients nutrients help plants grow air water soil nutrients plants need grow
soil important living things learned plants need soil plants nutrients soil grow food food plants food animals animals need soil shelter ants gophers earthworms homes soil underground homes give animals protection hot cold temperatures protect animals depend soil food live soil think eating hamburger food comes cows cows live plants eat soil plants plants cows cows hamburgers hamburger buns flour flour wheat grows soil clothing traced soil cotton comes cotton plants wool comes sheep eat grass wood furniture build homes comes trees grow soil soil natural resource natural resource comes earth weathering helps soil erosion remove valuable soil replace centimeters lost soil soil needs protected depend protecting natural resource called conservation soil conservation practiced ways planting grasses hillsides helps stop water carrying soil carving giant steps hills helps
hot hazy summer wong family barbeque noticed clouds forming horizon short clouds thick dark drifted closer wongs heard distant rumblings thunder sudden wong told help bring food inside lightning flashed thunder crashed lots rain fell sky hour farm flooded clouds rain fall happen rainwater ground find answers questions chapter live water planet spend land think earth land nearly fourths earth surface covered water water found places puddles ponds rivers lakes oceans glaciers earth water water places moving changing rain runoff flows rivers lakes oceans water freezes glaciers seeps underground wondered water comes water pumped rivers lakes water goes steps reaches faucet water stored lakes huge tanks need places store water called reservoirs water pumped water treatment plants
meg tim mcnair bored mrs mcnair idea energy store children puzzled piled car short drive mrs mcnair pulled front farmer market tricked tim energy store yes food energy energy store tonight energy spaghetti sauce meg pick dozen large tomatoes tim find onions green peppers mcnairs need healthy energy filled meal learn food chapter asked food say pizza food experts agree pizza nutrients nutrients things food help body grow stay healthy let find main nutrients found foods foods picture proteins proteins nutrients help body cells need cells order grow proteins animals plants foods animals plants foods sugars starches sugars starches known carbohydrates carbohydrates nutrients give body quick energy foods plants lot carbohydrates fruits vegetables breads cereals carbohydrates carbohydrates candy type sugar type sugar energy nutrients
eat food tastes eat feel hungry important reason eat food energy food body needs energy move grow repair warm food energy energy swallowing food energy food changed energy food moves digestive system digested food moves blood blood takes food body cells finally inside cells food energy cells small furnaces food fuel energy fuel fuel burned furnace energy food food burned cell cells need oxygen change food energy oxygen gas found air breathe oxygen enters lungs blood oxygen lungs takes cell food oxygen join inside cells join cells give energy energy food heating body making muscles foods give amounts energy energy food measured units called calories pear calories celery stick calories pear give energy celery stick need number calories number depends active exercise lot need calories
dr brigitte wolkoff works la roche laboratories nutley jeresey manager vitamins fine chemicals department dr wolkoff says vitamins food eat need extra supply vitamins stay healthy scientists vitamin tablets buy store scientist combines chemicals large amount vitamin materials mixed help hold tablet food colors added tablet look nice flavors added taste mixture poured tablet making machines machines let amount mixture fall small holes machines squeeze mixture holes tablets tablets machine put bottles number tablets fall bottle machine puts cap bottle bottles vitamin tablets shipped stores buy sick doctor doctor spend medical assistant medical assistants records patients weigh patients blood pressures blood samples patients blood tests patients ready examinations rays clean tools doctors medical assistants help patients feel ease doctor easier want kind receive job training high school
scientists classify living things organisms according ways organisms alike animal kindom divided large groups vertebrates invertebrates animals backbones vertebrates vertebrate feel backbone rub hand center fish shown vertebrates animals backbones group animal kingdom animals backbones invertebrates coral animals sponges picture invertebrates found ocean chapter learn invertebrate animals sceintists classify invertebrates groups simplest kinds invertebrates sponges sponges live water bodies sponges sacks sponges heads mouths separate body parts cells jobs sponge draws water body small openings look openings drawing cells called collar cells found inside sponge hairlike parts cells whip moving water sponge collar cells remove oxygen tiny food particles water water leaves sponge body large openings sponges shapes colors orange sponge shaped fan sponges orange sponge lives sea look plant animal food plants sponges backbone
garden spider spiders poison glands fangs inject poison insect spiders eat poison garden spider spiders harm spiders black widow poison strong harmful garden spider silk making organs rear end body silk sticky web captures insects garden spider web spiral shaped spiders spin webs shapes spin webs largest group arthropods insects kinds insects animals combined insect things common number body segments legs antennas count number body segments insects drawing page legs butterfly number antennas beetle butterflies common insects insects legs body segments butterfly antennas pairs wings flying insects wings shape insect mouth depends food eats butterfly coiled tonguelike tube sucking nectar sugar water flowers insects mouthparts pierce chew insects pictures eat insects butterfly begins egg insects invertebrates produce large numbers eggs
scientists divide animals large groups invertebrates vertebrates vertebrate shape endoskeleton skeleton inside body backbone part skeleton vertebrates classified groups groups fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals lesson learn fish earth covered water common vertebrates environment fish bodies fish covered scales scales protect fish fish fins fins help fish move water tail fin fish need oxygen fish oxygen water fish appears swallowing water taking oxygen fish featherlike structures called gills find gills fish mouth drawing gills filled blood vessels fish opens closes mouth water passes gills oxygen water absorbed blood fish cold blooded animals means body temperatures temperatures surroundings cold blood cold blooded animals changing body temperatures water temperature turns cold fish body temperature drops temperature water cold blooded animals active temperatures low high fish lay eggs give birth live young hundreds thousands young born fish care young born survive
imagine look earth large land ecosystems parts look alike ecosystems california arizona australia africa deserts desert ecosystem air dry hot ecosystems part large region lesson learn desert regions regions found earth earth divided number large regions region differs temperature rainfall kinds plants animals similar parts region regions called biome major biomes earth biomes tundra taiga temperate forests rain forests deserts grasslands biome differs rainfall temperature conditions turn affect plants grow biome abundant plants biome called climax plants climax plants win plants water sunlight biome biome climax plants look grassland pictured grasses found africa grasses found united states kinds grasses need amount water sunlight belong biome grasslands notice plants biomes shown pages differ lush green plants grow hot moist rain forests deserts hot
tundra biome called taiga cold winters short cool summers growing season short taiga ground covered snow trees survive low temperatures grow taiga common plants trees cones seeds cones cones grew spruce tree lichens ferns mosses grow forest floor trees shade forest floor plants grow trees taiga provide shelter animals plant eating animals include deer moose beavers mice porcupines snowshoe hares meat eating animals include woodpeckers bears foxes wolves animals taiga grow thick winter fur cold winters warm summers plent rain produce kind forest called temperate forest climax plants temperate forests trees trees broad leaves need lots water beech oak maple poplar sycamore trees examples trees temperate forests easily recognized winter trees bare plants lose water leaves trees water ground freezes temperate forests trees shed leaves helps trees stop water loss spring summer growing season trees grow leaves insects woodmice deer squirrels common temperate forests gray foxes owls hawks woodpeckers feed animals
pond excellent place study freshwater ecosystem pond water floating rooted plants wash plants grow shallow water water surface sunlight deeper water plants sunlight grow tiny floating organisms live ponds called plankton means drifting plankton plants green food green plankton producers plankton animals food feed green plankton kinds plankton food animals pond animals feed plankton insects snails small fish animals food fish bullfrogs ducks saltwater ecosystems found ocean ecosystem tide pool look tide pool picture tide pool left shore tide goes tiny ocean community watch rising tides bring ocean plankton tide pool plankton main food clams crabs tiny fish green plankton food producers tide pool include seaweed green algae grasses sea snails sea urchins eat producers starfish crabs eat animals tide animal hidden rocks seaweed farther shore kinds ecosystems thrive ocean floor
speak sound travels air sound stay place moves place place sound travel reach ears talk sound travels throat air person sound travel matter molecules matter pass sound energy molecule picture confetti looks jumping vibrating drumhead air molecules surrounding drum act confetti drum bulges outward pushes nearby molecules supplies energy moving molecules travel hit molecules instant molecules collide squeeze spread collision energy passed molecules spread molecules hit molecules process goes molecule molecule drawing shows sound travels dark areas show molecules squeezed light areas show spread tap desktop pencil sound travel air ears put head side desk tap side hear sound desktop swim underwater hear sounds sound travels gases liquids solids gases liquids solids forms matter sound travel speed substances travels faster liquids solids gases
watched move slow motion forever things change position picture shows motion appears slowed stopped watch film fast motion position quickly kind motion looks funny motion change position moved position clues motion found looking objects bus tree move window bus moving expect bus moving tree tree reference object motion confuse reference objects moving reference objects follow motion things lesson learn motion look picture memorial weekend drivers race cars famous indianpolis speedway drivers start finish race travel distance kilometers driver reach finish line watching race winning driver fastest speed figuring speed need things need distance traveled place need takes distance speed distance object moves amount
imagine baseball player hitting home run ball takes loud whack sails air eyes crowd search sky ball looks land course stands goes home special prize ball slow finally drop forces change motion gravity friction gravity force pulls giant planets tiny pebbles important part lives earth friction force acts objects let look forces affect motion think fun float room astronaut luck pulled earth force called gravity earth gravity pulls objects center earth stays ground gravity matter live earth pulled gravity earth thing gravitational pull objects exert force gravity force pulls things thought pull earth earth pulls factors affect pull gravity objects masses distance greater mass objects greater pull gravity pull small mass object large
decide age rock layer finding position series layers younger rock form top older rock layers bottom look exposed layers rock bottom grand canyon looking millions past looking layers rock scientists able study history earth forces earth change rock layers position forces push bend tilt layers rock drawings show position rock layers change hard tell original order rock layers bent tilted rock older rock top younger rock younger older rock side side comparing rock layers scientists learn proper order learn past earth movements layers sediment deposited bodies skeletons shells dead organisms buried remains organisms saved layers rock remains prints organisms called fossils fossils found sedimentary rock organisms buried sediment fossils ways simplest ways rock harden dead plant animal dead organism rots hollow space shape organism left rock kind fossil called mold minerals deposited mold water kind fossil forms
ocean huge rivers moving water large riverlike movements water known ocean currents major kinds ocean currents surface currents deep water currents surface currents caused winds blowing ocean spinning earth surface currents northern hemisphere turn southern hemisphere currents turn left movements map locate west wind drift map current completely circles earth continents surface currents completely circle earth moving water meets land current forced flow direction currents flow surface move deep surface differences water temperatures deep water currents cold ocean water denser warm ocean water mixed warmer water cold water sinks cold water pushes warmer water deep ocean currents form north south poles icy waters sink spread ocean floor currents form deep currents move equator push warmer water deep currents move slowly deep water comes surface today begun journey millions ago pictures show place times notice water level changed change takes hours slow change water level called tide water level highest called high tide
land borders ocean called shoreline types shorelines shorelines rocky sandy beaches pictures show shorelines differ ocean bottom closest shoreline called continental shelf continental shelf flat shallow rocks form land look map width continental shelf place place coasts shelf wide coasts narrow waters shelves nutrients nutrients support large plant fish populations fishing areas found waters continental shelf ocean bottom drops steeply deep ocean floor steep region called continental slope imagine ocean giant tub continental slopes form sides tub continental slopes smooth large valleys canyons canyons formed sediment currents currents slide continental slope move masses mud sand gravel movement cuts deep valleys canyons slope walls slope closer deep ocean floor gently level bottom slope blends rolling hills deep ocean floor sand rocks carried underwater currents found bottom slope
health habits important habit regularly brushing teeth brush teeth morning remember think habit habits exercising regularly eating breakfast health habits help prevent problems body systems problems caused poor habits americans die heart attacks heart attack blood reach heart muscle cells blood heart cells die heart attacks clogging arteries leading heart cells fat clog blood vessels fat carried blood fat stick walls arteries lot fat artery walls artery narrow flow blood blocked arteries blood flow cigarette smoke harms respiratory system smoke air sacs lungs break fewer air sac walls oxygen pass body cells oxygen smoking linked lung cancer compare lungs shown cancer cells destroyed tissue smoker lungs destroys tissue lung cancer prevents getting oxygen need help transport systems stay healthy eat fat fat blood comes fat foods
ago drugstore buy pills headache substances found american indians discovered chewing willow bark eased pain today willow bark substance relieves pain substance effect human body works drug drugs helpful effects body harmful effects modern drugs substances found nature aspirin modern drug pain relieving substance found willow bark aspirin aspirin feeling lesson learn drugs help body exercise diet rest important health strong nourished body amazing job staying healthy body needs help drug treating sickness healing injury easing pain called medicine medicines doctor permission drugs called prescription drugs medicines called counter drugs require doctor prescription drugs buy shelves supermarkets drugstores aspirins cold medicines counter drugs types drugs help body ways table lists ways type drug affects body drugs stop illness body drugs body immune system
dr john gavin scientist works research company germantown maryland dr gavin ph degree microbiology worked drug company helped discover kinds drugs dr gavin deaf wheelchair expect problems dr gavin let disability stop success important research written scientific articles helped write books dr gavin says drugs sick feel help bad drugs harm easy tell drug bad drugs bad drugs incorrectly drug bad effect person takes drug person bad drugs considered drugs bad effects drugs helpful dangerous harmful important sure drugs stay bad illegal drugs sold drug dealers bad drugs kinds drugs dangerous drugs person develop need drugs drugs kill
organisms cells special jobs order special jobs cells shapes sizes pictures show kinds cells animals look picture nerve cell nerve cells type cell shape helps job cells fibers meters extending central part messages pass nerve cell fibers blood cells shapes red blood cells small round look donuts hole shape helps carry oxygen body cells white blood cells defense system body attack destroy foreign matter enters body large irregular shape helps surround destroy harmful matter blood muscle cells control body movement able expand contract thin shape muscle cells help job groups muscle cells expand contract body move bones change shape hard material job support soft cells body bone cells join strong hard bones compare bone cells muscle cells shape shape muscle cells outer layer skin cells forms protective cover body flat shape helps cover large area
mildews kind celled fungi mildews parasites grow living plants potatoes wheat grapes roses seen powdery mildew growing houseplants mildews grow damp places left fruit lying noticed fuzzy substance growing fuzzy substance kind fungus called mold molds celled fungi threadlike tubes food sources fruit molds produce chemicals break fruit molds food molds fruit spoil molds grow living things young plants fish mushrooms kind celled fungi largest fungi seen mushrooms growing decaying wood springing grassy ground wet morning mushrooms grow living trees dead matter soil soil grow underground large mass threads surface threads join form stalk cap weather damp stalk cap push ground mildews molds mushrooms reproduce forming spores spore single cell grow organism spores enclosed hard cover protects hot dry cold weather conditions spore begin grow spores found parts fungi bread molds spores found ends special threads grow air
blue green algae found variety places found water soil found floors deep lakes inside rocks antarctica blue green algae microscopic blue green algae grow single cells grow masses slender threads form colonies blue green algae chlorplasts chlorophyll scattered cell half blue green algae blue green color actually reddish color blue green algae look protist algae cells blue green algae nuclei classified monerans blue green algae move float glide place place protists fungi monerans helpful harmful blue green algae helpful produce oxygen needed living things bacteria harmful spoil foods diseases bacteria help break dead matter helpful animals plants depend bacteria nitrogen plants need nitrogen nitrogen gas air bacteria change nitrogen gas compound plants bacteria found knobs roots plants beans peas clover plants roots decompose nitrogen compound mixes soil plants animals need nitrogen eating plants animals
look heights shapes color family traits look picture family parents hair color child looks parent looks parent child hair color parent living things species look children parents look lesson learn traits determined mendel experimented pea plants found generation plants traits parent plants helped scientists learn heredity pair genes trait combination genes depends kind gene received parent trait gene powerful influences trait offspring trait results gene influence called dominant trait trait results gene influence called recessive trait eye color brown dominant trait blue recessive trait gene brown eyes matched gene blue eyes offspring brown eyes offsring blue eyes genes parents carry trait blue eyes gene pair dominant happens offspring blend traits parents
pretend walking countryside look types things things materials found earth called resources plants animals living resources food clothing lumber paper enjoyment land air water nonliving resources likely mowed lawn seen chore wondered times lawn mowed summer soon grass cut grows lawn constantly replaces resources replaced called renewable resources properly managed animals plants renewable resources animals bred crops replanted important care living resources products nonliving resources renewable water evaporated earth surface returns rainwater cell respiration plants animals constantly renews oxygen air resources easily replaced replaced fossil fuels millions form deposits fossil fuels form lifetime resources replaced human cycle called nonrenewable resources earth depends earth resources order protect resources carefully wise careful resources called conservation practicing conservation help maintain steady supply renewable nonrenewable resources
dr luann soliah assistant professor oklahoma university stillwater oklahoma ph degree nutrition research discover diet help overweight lose weight interested person diet affect cancer diseases dr soliah says body weight determined partly heredity adds environment important inherit genes heavy body live part food scarce thin underweight spite heredity united states eat fact eat put weight strain heart bad person health diet lose weight going diet thing maybe needed exercise diet advice doctor health expert doctor sure eat kinds things need health think weigh lot mean heavy overweight depends things tall large small bones tall weigh shorter person overweight large bones carry weight small boned person
electricty home think electricity thing electric appliances maybe grandparents remember electric appliances common today electric motors lot run small appliances blenders big washing machines let find electric motors need understand electricity related magnetism scientist named hans christian oersted teaching science class compass wire carrying electric current compass needle moved took compass put needle moved compass needle behaves magnet oersted concluded electric currents produce magnetism magnetism produced electric currents especially strong wire coiled wire coiled piece iron iron act magnet electricity flows wire kind magnet called electromagnet electromagnets turned electricity turned electromagnet longer acts magnet magnets electromagnets north south poles poles electromagnet south poles poles electromagnet switched simply changing direction flow electricity wire coil notice poles magnet picture
television broadcasts received radio waves signals information pictures sound look steps drawing step thin beam electrons travel picture tube inside screen beam scans screen beam television camera scanned sensitive plate step inside screen coated thin layer special substance substance struck electrons small dot glows brightness glow depends electrons hit screen glowing pattern screen pattern light sensitive plate camera color television separate electron beams camera picture tube look drawings left electron beams strike special material screen dots screen glow red green blue colors combined colors screen computer electronic device instructed handle large amounts data quickly data words numbers pictures computer patterns electric charge patterns stored electric circuits chips silicon circuits chips complicated picture shows enlargement circuit enters computer goes directly central processing unit cpu cpu called brain computer
think electromagnetic energy picture movement wave type electromagnetic energy wave light energy wave heat energy compare energy waves water waves think dropping large rock pond large waves dropping small pebble pond small waves energy waves differ size look drawing wave high parts called crests low parts called troughs waves differ distance crest notice distance crest called wavelength type energy wave wavelength radio waves wavelengths football field rays wavelengths millions times shorter diameter human hair wavelengths visible light differ color red light longest wavelength violet light shortest wavelengths visible light longest shortest red orange yellow green blue indigo violet frequency property wave number crests pass point called frequency wave crests pass point wave frequency cycles crests wave wavelength pass point crests wave short wavelength
parts snow falls winter melt summer places snow builds snow builds pressure lower layers change ice large masses ice form snow builds called glaciers glacier mass ice stays place huge mass moving ice kinds glaciers kind forms high valleys mountains called valley glaciers gravity glaciers move mountain valley glacier picture valley glacier kind glacier huge sheet ice covers large areas land glaciers called continental glaciers continental glaciers cover large parts earth north south poles fact glaciers move makes force changing earth surface glacier moves earth acts giant bulldozer size weight carve large valleys level small hills unlike fast moving rivers cut shaped valleys glaciers cut shaped valleys compare glacier valley picture river valley page picture mountains glacier national park shows evidence glacial erosion imagine force glaciers bulldoze mountain glaciers pick large rocks glacier moves rocks scrape gouge surface
wegener found evidence support hypothesis moving continents explain happen explain force move continents find scientific explanation later scientists collecting data earth movements centered studies ocean floor learned large ridge ran middle major oceans ridge called mid ocean ridge forms underwater chain mountains winds part earth study showed deep valley stretched mid ocean ridge scientists found water valley warmer ocean water led believe heat seeping inside earth valley places ridge scientists found kind rock forms hot lava cools beneath water thing puzzled scientists predicted thick layer sediment ocean floor thought sediment settling billions form thick layer studies showed thinner layer predicted scientists put information theory explain caused continents move theory explanation based accepted hypotheses theory explained material added ocean floor mid ocean ridge material form cracks mid ocean ridge lava flowed cracks cooled hardened rock
hurricanes powerful storms strong winds heavy rains major damage learn hurricanes planes called hurricane hunters fly storms planes carry special instruments operated meteorologists meteorologist person studies weather data gathered meteorologists predict direction strength hurricane confuse meteorologist weather reporter weather reporter television meteorologist prepares weather reports person reads reports meteorologists instruments gather data weather common instruments measure temperature wind speed wind direction rainfall thermometer instrument measures temperature thermometers liquid sealed thin tube temperature rises heat liquid expand move tube scale marked side tube read number top column liquid forecast weather accurately need speed direction wind anemometer instrument measures wind speed wind striking anemometer cups cups spin wire connected spinning cups carries electric signal wind meter wind blows needle meter moves needle points number scale tells wind speed wind vane tell wind direction points direction wind coming wind direction named direction wind coming direction going
morning mike ready school children eats breakfast washes brushes teeth mike thing children injection insulin age mike found diabetes body insulin insulin helps body food insulin mike body sugar body controlled nervous system controlled chemicals insulin chemicals body parts called glands glands endocrine system endocrine means ductless put endocrine glands ducts tubes leading organs endocrine glands add substances directly blood endocrine gland makes chemicals called hormones hormone helps control activity gland makes hormones pituitary gland theses hormones control endocrine glands reasons pituitary important called master gland pituitary gland helps regulate growth helps balance amount water body endocrine gland pancreas thin lies beneath stomach part pancreas endocrine ductless part pancreas produces insulin part pancreas ducts ducts bring digestive chemicals pancreas small intestine chemicals help break food
thought herbs perfumes stop deadly disease known plague disease epidemic epidemic occurs disease infects plague killed epidemic history herbs perfumes stop disease scientists later learned microscopic organisms carried fleas lived rats caused disease today countries laws control rats laughed microscopic organisms caused plague mid scientist named louis pasteur proved diseases caused microscopic organisms called microbes microbes include bacteria protozoans fungi pasteur discovery harmful microbes disease doctors realized perfume help person scientists looked ways kill harmful microbes microbes disease entering body increasing number grow reproduce microbes damage body cells diseases caused microbes called infectious diseases bacteria tiny celled organisms disease strep throat help understand quickly bacteria reproduce imagine won contest prize money choices million dollars cent cent prize double days prize choose chose cent chose bigger prize cent doubled cents
microbes skin air touch stay healthy full microbes reason microbes harmful fact important microbes decompose break dead organisms microbes knee deep dead plants animals reason stay healthy full microbes healthy body fight harmful microbes body ways fight microbes microbes enter body breathe bacteria breathed tiny hairs called cilia help remove cilia line nose tubes leading lungs covered thin layer sticky substance called mucus mucus traps microbes dust cilia force microbes dust throat particles swallowed destroyed acid stomach skin keeps disease causing organisms disease enter blood cut skin microbes enter blood special combat cells combat cells called white blood cells white blood cells attack invader microbes blood white blood cells squeeze blood vessels attack invading microbes found tissues white blood cells surround invaders digest white blood cells body defense system attacks invaders invaders natural part body
science learning looking things science senses scientists ask questions try find answers write hear scientists study write helps learn learn science reading read words carefully learn words dark type mean important science words read questions carefully look closely pictures learn science thinking read ask lots questions try find answers questions learn science activities read directions look pictures try guess happen watch listen think happens try explain hear scientists careful need careful read directions begin activity step order smell taste things teacher says safe extra careful clean science living things animals plants learning animals eat move safe learning plants need live animal pictures choose picture let show animal moves animal sounds let guess animal
animals walk run jump legs animals fly wings animals swim flippers animals crawl legs wings fins animals move fast animals move slowly animals move food move danger move feed babies look pictures animal move find earthworm moves put damp paper towel box lid handle care put worm top paper towel hand lens look worm watch move eraser end pencil carefully touch worm watch move earthworm move animal move match words pictures tell animal moving tell animal moved juice bar pencil paper plate paper lick juice bar suck juice bar bite piece juice bar chew draw lick juice bar draw suck draw bite juice bar animals eat live animals plant eaters animals meat eaters animals eat plants animals eat animals eat ways snake swallows food frog food tongue tongue bugs stick animals teeth meat eaters sharp teeth
physical quantities require number unit completely sufficient say mass kilograms area farm cares frequency sound wave cycles light bulb consumes electrical energy rate watts examples scalar quantities quantitative statements confined numbers units mass stands feet head motion car traveling north km motion car traveling circle km quantity direction significant called vector quantity vector quantities occur frequently physics arithmethic arithmetic scalar quantities simplest vector quantity displacement change position told airplane leaves york city flies km scalar statement actual path final destination land circle radius km center york told airplane flies km west vector statement headed identify destination cleveland fig vector quantities special significance velocity force velocity body incorporates speed scalar quantity direction
definition accord notion force push pull goes direct contact necessarily impled hand reaches earth pull dropped stone downward increasing downward velocity falling stone testifies action force fig entirely forces act object affecting motion forces cancel required velocity change net force called unbalanced force object acted forces vector sum forces balanced forces object equilibrium fig forces acting capable accelerating object restate law motion terms net force absence net force acting object rest remain rest object motion continue motion constant velocity force exception arises fundamental interactions elementary particles matter consists interactions effective particles involved extremely close called strong weak nuclear interactions responsible ability protons neutrons stick form stable atomic nuclei powerful
lubricants reduce friction separating contacting surfaces intermediate layer softer material rubbing surfaces rub lubricant fig depending specific application suitable lubricant gas liquid solid lubricants oils derived petroleum grease consists oil thickening agent added prevent oil running surfaces involved joints limbs human body lubricated substance called synovial fluid resembles blood plasma relative motion rim wheel smooth surface rolls wheel surface rigid frictional resistance overcome reducing friction drastically wheel makes transport loads place enormous forces dragging require aspects present technological civilization rely wheel wheels surfaces travel perfectly rigid figure shows flattening wheel indentation surface contribute rolling friction wheel surface constantly deformed wheel rolls force needed wheel rolling force times smaller needed overcome sliding friction balls rollers widely reduce friction rotating shaft bearings hold place replacing sliding friction rolling friction
rocket propulsion gradual instantaneous process fuel burned ejected exhaust gases rate lump result part momentum exhaust wasted pushing forward unburned fuel factor account ultimate speed rocket neglecting air resistance gravity turns directly proportional speed exhaust gases logarithm ratio rocket initial mass final mass fuel consumed typical modern rocket exhaust speed percent initial mass consisting fuel final speed spacecraft motor consumes kg fuel exhausts find thrust upward force exerted spacecraft mass exhaust gas ejected speed interval momentum change thrust rocket product exhaust speed rate fuel consumed spacecraft launched earth surface thrust motor exceed initial weight rise ground thrust remains constant acceleration spacecraft increases mass diminishes owing consumption fuel final acceleration times magnitude usual attain higher speeds single rocket capable rocket stages stage large rocket paylod smaller rocket fuel stage consumed fuel tanks engine cast loose stage fired starting high initial speed rest burden fuel tanks engine stage process repeated number times depending final speed required saturn launch vehicle propelled apollo ii spacecraft moon july employed stages shown fig original ignition entire assembly mass kg tons
densities british system properly expressed slugs ft practice weight density weight substance unit volume commonly density mass unit volume difference factor ft density pure water slug ft weight density lb ft specific gravity substance density relative water pure number density water exactly cm specific gravity substance density relative water pure number density water exactly cm specific gravity substance nearly equal numerical density expressed cm density aluminum cm specific gravity specific gravity called relative density solid bodies generally perfectly rigid unyielding deform temporarily permanently applying stresses stress forces fall categories tensions compressions shears illustrated fig tensile stress applied object equal opposite forces act ends tends lengthen object compressive stress applied forces act tends shorten object shearing stress applied equal opposite forces lines action tends alter shape object changing volume
surface liquid behaves remarkably membrane tension steel sewing needle horizontally surface water dish sink density nearly times water fig needle rests depression water surface surface sheet rubber stretched dish term surface tension effect manifestation surface tension tendency liquid drop assume spherical shape inflated balloon origin surface tension lies fact molecules surface body liquid acted net force interior acted forces directions fig surface molecules pulled surface tends contract minimum area sphere area relative volume object liquid sample acted external forces gravitation air resistance moving spherical form liquid surface support small object needle weight object insufficient rupture surface involve stretching greater degree shown fig suppose dip wire frame fig glass soapy water result thin film liquid opening frame
british thermal unit amount heat needed raise temperature lb water btu heat removed lb water temperature falls btu related units energy heat follows note weight mass defining btu practice important difference considered quantity matter regard dynamical properties formulas procedures follow british units expressing temperature degrees fahrenheit heat btu letting represent weight pounds conversion metabolic energy animal mechanical varies efficiency type muscle fast contracts efficiency high low speeds efficiency usual energy liberated animal metabolic processes ends heat greater part escapes animal skin ability animal dissipate heat body produces proportional surface area suggests maximum metabolic rate animal power output depends area representative linear dimension length animal surface area varies animal mass proportional volume varies metabolic rate kilogram depend approximately reasoning
materials conduction simple consequence kinetic behavior matter molecules atoms depending nature rod hot end rod vibrate faster faster temperature increases molecules collide energetic neighbors kinetic energy transferred fig successive molecular collisions energy travels rod perceive random molecular motion heat equally describe situation saying heat travels rod average positions molecules change conduction heat conducted body ends temperatures entire body temperature molecules average energy molecule chance losing energy collision region rapidly moving molecules adjacent slowly moving molecules fact necessity temperature difference heat transport define temperature body higher temperature contact heat flows wide differences ability substances conduct heat gases poor conductors molecules collisions correspondingly infrequent molecules liquids nonmetallic solids closer leading higher thermal conductivities metals exhibit greatest ability conduct heat saucepans metal handles wood plastic
beginning century substantial body evidence accumulated support idea chemical elements consist atoms nature atoms mystery significant clue discovered clue fact electrons constituents atoms suggests electrical forces involved atomic phenomena thomson led identification electron proposed atoms spheres positively charged matter embedded electrons fruit cake studded raisins reality turned direct find inside fruitcake simply plunge finger essence classic experiment performed geiger marsden suggestion ernest rutherford probes fast alpha particles spontaneously emitted radioactive elements present need alpha particles consist neutrons protons held tightly charge geiger marsden sample alpha emitting substance lead screen small hole narrow beam alpha particles produced side thin metal foil path beam zinc sulfide screen gave flash light struck alpha particle indicating extent alpha particles scattered original direction motion fig
faraday generalized observations help notion lines force electromotive force produced conductor cuts magnetic lines force electromotive force leads current flows relative motion conductor magnetic field fact actual motion wire source magnetic field magnetic field strength moving lines force moving wire parallel magnetic field give rise current electromagnetic induction occurs component wire velocity perpendicular lines force hard show electromagnetic induction accord force exerted magnetic field moving charge saw previous chapter wire carrying current pushed sideways magnetic field forces exerted moving electrons faraday henry experiments electrons moved magnetic field shifting entire wire electrons pushed side consequence move wire motion electrons wire electric current measure hand rule force moving positive charge magnetic field give direction induced current wire moving magnetic field
transformer core electrical conductor changing magnetic flux leads internal currents called eddy currents eddy currents wasteful partly power lost heat partly flux establish interferes proper operation transformer minimize eddy currents actual transformer cores laminated thin sheets arranged parallel flux laminations insulated natural oxide layers surfaces varnish coatings weak eddy currents induced core kind small transformers alternative technique core compressed powdered iron grain iron fairly insulated magnetically core behaves solid sources power loss transformer windings amount resistance part energy flows dissipated heat magnetic materials energy lost heat hysteresis cycle atomic rearrangements accompany flux sec leakage flux core fig separated primary secondary windings easily remedied transformers concentric windings fig case flux winding virtually efficiencies high achieved large transformers alternating current owes wide largely ability transformers change voltage transmitted
electromagnetic induction changing magnetic field induces emf nearby wire loop conducting path changing magnetic field equivalent effects electric field converse true changing electric field equivalent effects magnetic field fig true empty space electric currents flow simple experiment directly demonstrate equivalence unlike electromagnetic induction easy exhibit proposed maxwell basis indirect argument electromagnetic waves occur consequence effects changing magnetic field produces electric field changing electric field produces magnetic field constantly varying fields coupled travel space appreciate maxwell train thought let consider capacitor charged battery currents flow wires electric charges opposite sign collect capacitor plates charges build electric field plates increases greater current faster field strength current mirrored rate change electric field maxwell extend correspondence electric current varying electric field include magnetic effects result symmetrical set equations relationships electricity magnetism encouraged maxwell notion seriously fundamental physical principles expressed simple form
practical point view fairly definite size attributed atom basis interatomic spacings molecules solids element figure shows atomic radii obtained vary atomic number periodicity conspicuous alkali metals group largest radii alkali metal atom lithium sodium single electron outer shell shielded electrons effective nuclear charge full ze attractive force outer electron weak probability cloud electron large extent group ii atom beryllium magnesium outer electrons acted effective nuclear charge double charge produces greater attractive force outer electrons effect contracting probability clouds atom smaller group atom period group iii atom boron aluminum outer electrons acted effective nuclear charge smaller atomic radii tend decrease going left period middle period contrary effect significant mutual repulsion electrons outer shell results gradual increase size end period atomic radii general increase going period period successive shells occupied increase electrons probability clouds progressively contracted higher higher nuclear charge ze
silicon crystal structure similar diamond diamond gap separates top filled energy band empty higher band gap ev wide diamond ev wide silicon low temperatures silicon diamond conductor room temperature small proportions electrons possess kinetic energy thermal origin exist higher band electrons sufficient permit limited amount current flow electric field applied silicon resistivity intermediate conductors sodium insulators diamond classified semiconductor optical properties solids energy level structure closely related photons visible light energies ev free electron metal readily absorb photon allowed energy band partly filled metals opaque characteristic luster metal due reradiation light absorbed free electrons metal surface smooth reradiated light appears reflection original incident light electron insulator absorb photon hand photon energy ev order electron jump forbidden band allowed band insulators unable absorb photons visible light transparent
processes involve ionizing radiation employ radiation directly rays gamma rays medicine industry cases radiation unwanted inescapable notably operation nuclear reactors disposal wastes easy find balance risk benefit radiation concerned particulary true medical rays constitute largest single source radiation dosage average person united states table unfortunate fact ray exposures strong reason harm category routine chest rays hospital admission routine rays part regular physical examinations routine dental rays routine mass screening ray symptomless young women breast cancer generally thought increased decreased death rate due cancer especially dangerous pregnant women recently routine procedure dramatically increases chances cancer children carcinogenic properties rays known hard excuse rays unquestionably valuable medicine point exposure definite justification outweighs risk si unit radiation dosage sievert amount radiation biological effect produced absorption gamma rays kg body tissue
remaining kingdoms plantae fungi animalia major groups multicellular eukaryotes plants characterized photosynthesis chemical process converts light energy chemical energy sugar foods fungi decomposers absorb nutrients obtained breaking complex molecules dead organisms waste leaf litter feces animals obtain food ingestion eating digesting organisms piece plants fungi animals distinguished partly contrasting modes nutrition kingdom unique features discussed unit diverse biology unifying themes instance mold tree human possibly common turns deal underlying diversity striking unity universal genetic code shared organisms unity evident similarities cell structure figure unity diversity biology mere stamp collecting cataloging seemingly unrelated living objects fact kinship cryptic unmistakable history story immutable species individually created conservative planet chronical restless earth billions inhabited changing cast living forms figure evolves individual family history species tip branching tree extending ancestral species remote
fundamental diversity variation structure macromolecules cell thousands kinds macromolecules vary type cell organism inherent differences human siblings reflects variation polymers dna proteins molecular differences unrelated individuals extensive species greater diversity macromolecules living vast estimate trillion proteins actually exist potential variety essentially infinite linus pauling states complexity achieve versatility characteristic living organisms basis diversity polymers macromolecules constructed small repertoire common monomers occur rarely small molecules function monomers functions building limitless variety polymers limited list monomers analogous constructing hundreds thousands words letters alphabet secret arrangement variation linear sequence subunits strung analogy falls short describing diversity macromolecules polymers longer longest word proteins built kinds amino acids arranged chains typically amino acids polymers account molecular uniqueness organism monomers polymers universal
engine organism converts form energy transformations governed unbreakable laws universe study energy transformations occur collection matter called thermodynamics scientists term system denote collection matter study referring rest universe surroundings closed system approximated liquid thermos bottle isolated surroundings open system energy transferred system surroundings organisms open systems absorbing light energy chemical energy releasing heat metabolic waste products surroundings according law thermodynamics energy universe constant energy transferred transformed created destroyed law known principle conservation energy electric company energy merely converts form convenient converting light chemical energy green plant acting energy transformer energy producer child climbs ladder slide transforms chemical energy stored food kinetic energy movements energy turn stored potential energy girl possesses rests top slide slide stored energy converted kinetic energy
centrioles centers spindle formation animal cells structures essential mitosis plant cells lack centrioles form effective spindles experiments centrioles animal cells destroyed laser microbeam spindles continued function true organizing center spindle appears cloud material visible electron microscope amorphous material called cell center mitotic center centrioles animal cells mode action awaits discovery interaction chromosomes spindle involves specialized links called kinetochores develop centromere region composition kinetochores unknown kinetochore sister chromatid kinetochores chromatids face opposite directions special set microtubules called kinetochore fibers attach kinetochore kinetochore fibers turn interact polar fibers spindle kinetochore fibers mitotic spindle throw chromosomes agitated motion eventually chromosomes aligned metaphase plate circular plane equator spindle chromosome arrives metaphase plate random orientation relative poles chance determines chromatid end daughter cell movement spindle poles cell elongates mitosis partially understood movement due addition subunits polar fibers subsequent elongation
thousand genetic disorders known inherited simple recessive traits recessively inherited disorders range severity innocuous handicaps albinism lack skin pigmentation deadly diseases cystic fibrosis disorders caused recessive alleles phenotypes show homozygous individuals inherit recessive allele parent symbolize genotype persons aa normal individuals aa aa heterozygotes aa phenotypically normal called carriers disorder transmit recessive allele offspring vast majority afflicted recessive disorders born normal parents carriers mating carriers corresponds mendelian cross aa aa zygote chance inheriting double dosage recessive allele normal child cross chance carrier recessive homozygotes result aa aa aa aa matings disorder lethal reproductive age results sterility aa individuals reproduce recessive homozygotes able reproduce individuals account smaller percent population heterozygous carriers reasons discuss chapter general genetic disorder evenly distributed racial cultural groups disparities result genetic histories peoples examine examples recessively inherited disorders
garrod hypothesis ahead research conducted decades later supported idea function gene dictate production specific enzyme biochemists accumulated evidence cells synthesize degrade organic molecules metabolic pathways step sequence catalyzed specific enzyme metabolic pathways lead instance synthesis pigments give fruit flies eye color george beadle boris ephrussi speculated mutations affecting eye color drosophila blocks pigment synthesis specific step preventing production enzyme catalyzes step chemical reactions enzymes synthesize pigments known breakthrough demonstrating relationship genes enzymes later beadle edward tatum began search mutants orange bread mold neurospora crassa differed wild type nutritional needs fungus offers key advantages studying links mutations abnormal metabolism organisms reproduce sexually haploid diploid forms haploid form capable prolific asexual reproduction effects mutant gene readily observed unmasked simultaneous presence wilde type allele happen diploid organism fertilization diploid zygote undergoes meiotic divisions mitotic division thin sac called ascus forming haploid cells called ascospores ascospores dissected germinated individually artificial growth medium
rate frequency deleterious allele declines population depends magnitude selection coefficient working allele dominant recessive successful allele table harmful recessives rarely eliminated completely heterozygote protection selection acts faster dominant alleles harmful expressed heterozygotes rate increase beneficial allele affected behaves dominant recessive recessive mutation spreads slowly population beneficial selection act favor mutation common copies occasionally zygote dominant mutation confers greater advantage existing alleles increase frequency rapidly individual inherits single copy benefits allele mutant allele responsible rapid replacement light peppered moths dark morph england dominant mutations dominant recessive disappear gene pool early history genetic drift organism exposes phenotype physical traits metabolism physiology behavior genotype environment acting phenotypes selection indirectly adapts population environment increasing maintaining favorable genotypes gene pool chapter looking wildflower population alleles flower color affect phenotype unambiguously connection genotype phenotype rarely simple definite
oparin russia haldane england independently postulated conditions primitive earth favored chemical reactions synthesized called organic compounds inorganic precursors present early atmosphere seas happen modern oparin haldane reasoned present atmosphere rich oxygen produced photosynthetic oxidizing atmosphere today conducive spontaneous synthesis complex molecules oxygen attacks chemical bonds extracting electrons oxygen producing photosynthesis earth oxidyzing atmosphere derived mainly volcanic vapors reducing electron adding atmosphere enhanced joining simple molecules form complex reducing atmosphere making organic molecules require considerable energy provided lightning intense ultraviolet radiation penetrated primitive atmosphere modern atmosphere layer ozone produced oxygen ozone shield screens ultraviolet radiation evidence exists young suns emit ultraviolet radiation older suns oparin haldane envisioned ancient chemical conditions energy resources abiotic synthesis organic molecules stanley miller harold urey tested oparin haldane hypothesis creating laboratory conditions comparable early earth figure apparatus produced variety amino acids organic compounds found living organisms today atmosphere miller model methane ammonia gases researchers believed prevailed ancient
protoctists vary extensively cellular anatomy ecological roles cycles general characteristics cited exceptions protoctists found water important constituents plankton greek planktos wandering communities organisms microscopic drift passively swim weakly surface oceans ponds lakes seawater freshwater protoctists bottom dwellers attach rocks anchorages creep sand silt protoctists common inhabitants damp soil leaf litter terrestrial habitats sufficiently moist addition free living protoctists symbionts inhabit body fluids tissues cells hosts symbiotic relationships span continuum mutualism parasitism parasitic protoctists important pathogens nearly protoctists aerobic metabolism mitochondria cellular respiration forms photoautotrophs chloroplasts heterotrophs absorb organic molecules ingest larger food particles combine photosynthesis eating nutrition members kingdom protoctista flagella cilia cycles lynn margulis argued calling organelles motility undulipodia distinguish flagella prokaryotes chapter text term flagellum cases important remember prokaryotic eukaryotic versions flagella homologous structures cell division kingdom protoctista perplexingly varied mitosis occurs phyla protoctists variations process unknown kingdom
homonid migrate africa europe asia homo erectus upright fossils known java peking examples species homo erectus taller habilis larger brain capacity fossils erectus range age million period brain continued enlarge eventually reaching capacities cc survive colder climates north humans live wits homo erectus resided huts caves built fires clothed animal skins designed stone tools elaborate tools homo habilis anatomical physiological adaptations erectus poorly equipped tropics deficiencies intelligence social cooperation deterioration climate ice ages pleistocene epoch provided testing ground human brain homo sapiens emerged oldest fossils classified homo sapiens neanderthals found neander valley germany lived ago ago compared neanderthals slightly heavier brow ridges pronounced chins brains slightly larger skilled toolmakers participated burials rituals required abstract thought oldest fully modern fossils homo sapiens discovered cro caves france date human fossils completely modern neanderthals overlapped modern humans
transpiration stream xylem flows wrong direction function exporting sugar leaves parts plant vascular tissue phloem transports organic products photosynthesis plant transport food plant called translocation phloem complex tissue consisting parenchyma cells fiber cells sieve tube members companion cells sugar transported sieve tube members arranged end end form sieve tubes figure members sieve plates porous cross walls impose resistance flow sap sieve tube phloem sap differs markedly composition xylem sap prevalent solute phloem sap sugar primarily disaccaride sucrose sucrose concentration high weight giving sap syrupy thickness phloem sap minerals amino acids hormones transit part plant contrast unidirectional transport xylem sap roots leaves direction phloem sap travels variable generalization holds sieve tubes carry food sugar source sugar sink source plant order sugar produced photosynthesis breakdown starch leaves obviously sources sink organ consumes stores sugar growing roots shoot tips fruits sugar sinks supplied phloem nongreen stems trunks storage organ tuber bulb source sink depending season
cytokinins produced actively growing tissues roots embryos fruits cytokinins produced root reach target tissues moving plant xylem sap acting concert auxin cytokinins stimulate cell division influence pathway differentiation effects cytokinins cells growing tissue culture provide clues class hormones function intact plant explant piece parenchyma tissue stem cultured absence cytokinins cells grow large fail divide cytokinins added culture effect cytokinins added auxin cells divide ratio cytokinin auxin controls differentiation cells concentration hormones equal mass cells continues grow remains undifferentiated callus cytokinin auxin shoot buds develop callus auxin concentrated cytokinin roots form remarkable gene expression controlled extensively manipulating concentration chemical signals ability hormones trigger cell division influence differentiation result fact cytokinins stimulate dna replication protein synthesis mechanisms cytokinins promote biosynthesis dna proteins hormones selectively switch production proteins needed cell division development buds learn cytokinins hormones act molecular level
sense ecology comprehensive branch biology mixing genetics physiology evolutionary biology behavior narrow scope define ecology specifically study distribution abundance organisms factors determine species found factors control numbers locations general questions ecology asks analyze environmental influences distribution abundance organisms convenient define increasingly comprehensive levels organization ecology includes specific aspects general questions physiological ecology concerned individual organism meets challenges physiochemical environment organism limits tolerance environmental stresses determine live level organization ecology population group individuals geographic area belong species population ecology concentrates mainly factors control population size community consists organisms inhabit area assemblage populations species important issue community ecology interactions organisms predation competition affect abundance distribution species specific communities debates abound community ecology chapter level ecological study inclusive community ecosystem includes abiotic factors communities exist area critical questions level concern flow energy ecosystems cycling chemicals biotic abiotic components ecosystems
unique factor human reproduction consciously controlled voluntary contraception government sanctions social change affects birthrates developed countries women delaying marriage reproduction opportunities employment advanced education current worldwide population growth mosaic rates growth countries developed countries sweden population growth birth death rates balance human population continues grow birthrates greatly exceed death rates nations underdeveloped developing countries age structure important demographic factor present future growth trends figure uniform age distribution sweden instance contributes country stable population size individuals reproductive age disproportionately represented population contrast mexico age structure bottom heavy skewed young individuals grow sustain explosive growth reproduction notice figure age structure united states roughly bulge corresponds baby boom lasted decades end war ii couples generation average fewer children nation birthrate exceeds death rate boomers reproductive age immigration contributes growth population growth rate united states low compared
mating relationship males females varies deal species species mating promiscuous strong pair bonds lasting relationships species sexes remain longer period relationship monogamous male mating female polygamous individual sex mating birds monogamous mammals tend polygamous promiscuous polygamous relationships involve single male females polygyny species reversed polandry differences mating relationships interperted evolutionary considerations bear mind males females magnanimous desire share production care offspring darwinian sense individual valuable member opposite sex vehicle help genes generation succeed behavior male stickleback female immediately mating species behavior sex maximizes fitness antagonistic sex differences related called sexual investment generally especially vertebrates females greater inherent investment offspring males mammal females invest energy carrying young birth discriminant selection mate important males sperm cheap system
simple observation fine providing kinds information kinds information kind instrument needed let say friends want bulletin board hallway apartment want biggest bulletin board fit wall door kitchen door hall closet want bulletin board store look size bulletin boards buy looks fit taking chance easily measure space wall tell person store big space want fill person store exactly size bulletin board give fill space helpful able measure length wall width doorway height shelf wondered measurements larger objects high instance tree mountain big earth find answers questions system measurement needed makes system measurement system measurement based standards measure change basic units measure easy
suppose map north indicator map parallels meridians ways find north shadow stick pencil find north observed shadows trees buildings noticed shadows change length think find longest shadows think find shortest shadows northern hemisphere sun directly south shadow shortest close noon clock observing shadow shortest tell south located north directly line shadow shadow shortest north south line figure shows hour hand watch find north place watch flat ground hour hand pointing direction sun south point halfway hour hand watch dial daylight saving watch dial found south north exactly opposite special instrument called compass find north compass need type adjustment correction earth north pole
energy change matter ways important change caused energy change form matter called phase matter matter exist phases solid matter rock sheet paper definite shape liquid definite shape takes shape container cooking oil familiar liquid think solids liquids definite volumes amount space occupy change gas matter definite shape volume gas fills space matter phase heat energy added seen water freeze solid called ice temperature drops ice melt liquid water warms raising temperature water boil turn gas called water vapor water exist phases solid liquid gas unlike water substances don change phase normal atmospheric temperatures takes large amounts added heat energy melt iron liquid substances remain solid temperatures tend remain liquids gases substances change phase temperature heat energy matter change phase matter tiny particles small
seen sun stars rise set positions relative horizon cycle night moving earth sun today daily rising setting sun caused earth motion earth actually turning spinning giant top hours earth turns completely axis seasons change apparent movement constellations night sky apparent motion actually caused momement earth daily turning earth called rotation earth rotate axis axis imaginary line earth appears turning observe axis spinning ball looking ball spinning part ball appears rest ball spinning axis question earth motion argued followers pythagoras greek philosopher mathematician lived sixth century believed earth rotates axis offer proof belief simple ways actually results earth spinning simplest ways observe earth rotation experiencing night solid nature earth lithosphere sun rays pass earth
times heard greenwich mean daylight saving greenwich mean called universal coordinated mean solar prime meridian longitude learned chapter prime meridian runs north south greenwich england greenwich mean standard determining local greenwich mean find longitude suppose greenwich live hours earlier greenwich mean zones zones times greenwich earlier greenwich west prime meridian west longitude later greenwich east prime meridian mean solar standard based position sun standard replaced called daylight saving daylight saving clocks moved ahead hour standard changing clocks affect number hours daylight merely shifts frame ahead hour causing sunrise sunset occur hour later provide hour daylight end working sunset standard occur daylight saving spring clocks set ahead hour
moon largest natural satelites solar system diameter km distance york denver moon fourth diameter earth diameter moon known volume calculated gravitational pull moon sixth earth weighed pounds kg earth weigh pounds kg moon knowing gravitational pull moon astronomers able calculate mass moon information comes form measuring force moon exerts earth oceans gravitational pull satelite produces tides mass volume moon known density moon calculated moon silent lifeless earth sounds hear transmitted atmosphere moon atmosphere sound atmosphere moon water force gravity moon weak hold water molecules atmosphere temperatures moon extreme daylight moon full days earth temperatures soar equally lunar nighttimes plunge atmosphere hold heat quickly radiated space moon surface
atmosphere flowed certainly feel wind blowing mass fluid air flowing past spreads surface earth section learn answers questions wind winds blow person tell wind reading weather map winds named westerly wind blow west west general types winds local winds prevailing winds winds familiar local winds local winds blow direction prevailing winds hand travel longer distances blow direction prevailing winds part larger patterns air circulation general patterns air circulation called wind belts wind belts circle earth play important role determining climate weather figure page shows earth wind belts caused earth rotation watch television weather forecast days row note weather conditions change temperatures rise fall rain comes skies cloudy sky clears live continental united states thing change weather conditions weather forecaster describes area west southwest due west northwest
water vapor makes small important part earth atmosphere moist air total volume air water vapor drier air amount water vapor present dry areas moisture left atmosphere moisture atmosphere water atmosphere evaporated liquid water earth surface heat energy sun provided needed heat vaporization liquid water change vapor water evaporating surface lakes rivers oceans water evaporates puddles water evaporates moisture ground water evaporates surface person skin smallest puddles drops perspiration largest oceans water evaporating atmosphere plants release water vapor atmosphere water vapor released tiny openings undersides plants leaves process called transpiration page limit amount moisture air hold air holding moisture say air saturated saturated air air hold moisture air saturated return extra moisture earth atmosphere condensation amount water vapor air hold depends air temperature higher temperatures volume air hold water vapor
relationship temperature pressure atmosphere happen let say temperature readings monday tuesday morning tuesday reading shows increase temperatures measurements atmospheric pressure show pressure decreased remained case expect explanation related weather variables atmospheric pressure instance affected amount moisture air air drier atmospheric pressure rise suppose happened monday tuesday readings temperature rise caused atmospheric pressure drop loss moisture air caused atmospheric pressure rise offsetting greater change loss moisture change small increase pressure relationships air temperature atmospheric pressure moisture content affect weather add factors wind direction begin predicting forecasting weather easy task difficulties connected predicting weather weather forecasts basis probabilities heard weather report chance probability rain prediction chance rain cases rain
wave action ocean crustal movement volcanic islands disappear beneath surface sea volcanic islands attacked wave action volcanoes extinct wave action able erode tops seamounts sea level ocean crust beneath extinct volcanoes sinks lowering eroded seamounts ocean surface forming flat topped underwater mountains called guyots guyots found deeper parts ocean basins rise nearly ocean floor sporadic flowing mixtures water sediments called turbidity currents spill continental margins deeper ocean turbidity currents cover abyssal hills continental margins hundreds layers sediment sediments extend hundreds kilometers ocean bottom leaving large flat areas called abyssal plains abyssal plains deeper parts major ocean basins km depth abyssal plains examples flat surface area scientists thought covered entire ocean bottom small percent ocean basin deep trenches extend deep ocean basin downward km trenches bordered volcanic activity create island arcs case peru chile trench volcanic activity trench forms part andes mountains regions volcanic activity surrounds basin pacific ocean called ring fire generally deep sea trenches trenches island arcs areas collision separate oceanic crustal plates
built sand castle ocean beach noticed period waterline moves castle castle happens level sea location rises falls course twelve hours waterline reaches called high water mark waterline reaches level ocean location high tide waterline reaches high water mark waterline moves open sea reaches low water mark waterline reaches lowest point level sea area low tide high tide result huge bulges level ocean bulges caused mainly relative positions sun moon earth figure shows bulges sea level relation positions notice actually bulges nearest moon caused force gravity moon attracting objects earth surface moon pulls parts earth pull strongest points closest moon earth solid surface greatly affected moon gravitational pull water earth surface noticeably affected water fluid change shape bulge directly opposite moon side earth caused rotation earth moon space
minerals rock affect rate rock weathers rocks minerals dissolve easily water weather faster rocks water resistant minerals rocks minerals react acids substances dissolved water weather faster limestone seen rock weathers quickly acid present types rock sedimentary rock generally weathers faster igneous metamorphic rock sedimentary rocks form grains cemented sedimentary rock porous igneous metamorphic rock water permeate rock easily cement mineral water easily dissolve sandstone tends weather faster granite climate area affects rate weathering precipitation area faster rate weathering rocks weather fastest humid climate wide range annual temperatures united states rocks weather faster east coast dry southwest ancient egypt built tall stone monuments called obelisks greater height obelisk carved single piece rock red granite quarry aswan builders carved writing sides granite obelisks hundred ago obelisks york city gift american coming york obelisk called cleopatra needle exposed climate egypt
think object happen naturally object roadway building chair magazine pair jeans matter object consider object earth materials products earth material earth materials source energy needed run machines products products latest date machines energy sources earth materials process depends earth materials recycling millions minerals rocks source earth metals metals copper gold found pure elements nature found mineral compounds oxygen oxide minerals sulfur sulfide minerals metals chromium tin magnesium aluminum iron oxide minerals important metals nickel lead zinc copper sulfide minerals metals important group elements properties nearly possess general metals melt easily conduct heat electricity hammered pressed shapes breaking kind luster shine metals widely today steel iron strength tall buildings bridges ocean liners jet planes automobiles depend steel aluminum metals strength
live throw society meant throw things beverages drink milk soda juice disposable containers containers thrown prior thirty ago beverages packed reusable glass containers deposit bottles today true items past broken radios toasters small appliances repaired today cheaper buy item pay cost repairing broken practises create huge amounts discarded materials called solid waste garbage garbage accumulate suppose member family kg garbage disposed include food scraps empty containers newspapers cartons broken appliances suppose live medium size city means kg garbage disposed amount million kilograms thousand metric tons add waste disposed industrial retail operations abandoned automobiles trucks total amount doubled give idea solid waste consider compact sized automobile weigh metric ton means model city annual solid waste disposal equal mass compact automobiles
past technological advances resulted array products unthought short ago look examples items items cost money supply earth materials recent increasingly evident limits earth resources supplies depleted forced find oil crisis early forced industrialized nations realize economies based cheap plentiful supplies oil recognize forceful supplies energy limitless places gasoline rationed wait lines purchase gasoline crisis price gasoline remained higher lesson learned greater efforts find sources energy energy cheap incentive develop sources energy alternate sources solar energy explored energy crunch realize earth resources limited governments powerful effect acquiring land protecting development earth natural processes allowed continue consider government acquisition wetlands
hundred ago young scientists dissatisfied knowledge acquired felt scientists forgotten observation inference classification scientists relied knowledge passed books ancient greeks young scientists felt knowledge acquired method wrong young scientists andreas vesalius lived europe vesalius medical student listened professors lecture human body professors told students galen ancient greek physician written body thousand earlier vesalius fellow students studied real human body vesalius decided order body worked find found bodies executed prisoners dared cut open corpses find body constructed worked vesalius started important developments science scientists vesalius began challenging accepted beliefs scientific instruments increase scope observed took things worked importantly scientists began feel observation inference classification developed ways gathering accurate knowledge nature eventually ideas put called scientific method
marine biologists bachelor science degree advanced degrees degrees oceanography biology marine biologists plan research ocean plants animals study kinds organisms person marine biologist high school courses earth science biology chemistry physics mathematics high school person carry research projects marine animals check science teacher guidance counselor information summer workshops marine biology high school students science subject matter scientific photographers photographers pictures sea urchins rain forests scientific experiments movies show processes flight movements birds show hidden view making slides microscopic photographs scientific journals reports classrooms textbooks scientific photographers special techniques show flower bud opens lapse photography technique speeds film action occurs slowly scientific photographers need special equipment camera operated underwater instance watertight able withstand high pressures scientific photographers specialize field biology botany chemistry medicine college courses subjects gain photographic skills college special courses job training apprentice
test tube water alcohol test tube alcohol water material moved series test tubes water gradually replaced alcohol material water alcohol dyes added dyes things inside living material easier alcohol gradually replaced liquid called xylene xylene material moved liquid paraffin candle wax paraffin hardens material sliced thin slices slices slide cover slip added slide purposes temporary slide water left material temporary slide temporary slide easily start small piece plant animal material thin wing fly cut thicker need thin slice called cross section slide slice thin razor blade care handling blade cut hard surface fingers put slice clean microscope slide tweezers watercolor brush handle add drop balsam careful air bubbles balsam
bacteria play role lives organisms environment importance humans bacteria helpful numerous ways harmful major contribution bacteria breaking waste products dead organisms bacteria decompose organisms wastes energy release minerals chemicals environment substances organisms growth decomposing activity bacteria vital breakdown sewage human wastes bacteria help animals ruminants digest food stomachs ruminants divided sections cows sheep goats camels reindeer examples ruminants feed grasses plant food low nutritional plant parts eat hard digest sections ruminant stomach species bacteria protozoa microbes able digest plant material releasing nutrients ruminant survive bacteria cows sheep able food plants eat bacteria live large intestine humans bacteria harmless perform function grow food unable digest vitamins absorb important function bacteria nitrogen fixation living things need nitrogen abundant air composed fifths nitrogen organisms nitrogen exists naturally fixed changed form
green algae found fresh water live salt water species lives moist tree trunks common green alga found growing rocks ocean floor seashore ulva sea lettuce figure nearly red algae seaweeds live ocean red algae red red pigment addition chlorophyll red algae red black violet brownish yellow green considered red algae red pigment red algae live attached surface surface rock coral reef animal shell large alga larger forms attach surface means structure called holdfast forms cement surface spread forming crust brown algae known celled algae familiar seaweeds kelp found seashore similar red algae cells brown algae brown pigment addition chlorophyll pigment algae brownish color largest brown algae kelp plants grow length longer end body kelp holdfast holdfast keeps alga place preventing washed sea attached holdfast stemlike structure called stipe end stipe broad leaflike parts called blades
seeds pines remain attached base scales late cones fall tree seeds carried wind nearby areas soil conditions seed lands begin grow tree earlier chapter stated plants undergo alternation generations gymnosperms exception familiar tree bush spore producing plant spores makes remain cones part cycle easy stage hard generation produces eggs sperm forms inside cones egg producing stage found inside ovule female cones sperm producing stage occurs pollen grain conifers widely humans consider range products wood wood parts trees purposes bulk tree lumber construction small trees parts trees making lumber making paper trees serve raw material manufacturing synthetic products products include rayon paint thinner varnish plastics glues wood trees flowering plants oak cherry wood products conifers recall flowering plants angiosperms produce flowers seeds enclosed fruit flowering plants divided groups depending number cotyledons seed
ago chinese legend says panda black markings mourned death human friend panda rolled black soot color mourning wiped eyes soot left shaped eye patches surprising giant pandas subject legend pandas live remote rugged mountains china shy animals seldom seen scientists beginning learn behavior body structure trying settle basic question pandas french missionary classify giant panda named ursus bear melanoleucos black white paris zoologist examining bone tooth structure concluded bear raccoon family zoologist created genus panda called ailuropoda means panda foot panda forepaws fingers wristbone works thumb animal grasp food thumb fingers pandas humans mammals hold food eat sitting position scientists settled genus species names ailuropoda melanoleuca agree family panda belonged bear raccoon separate family disagreement classification unusual scientist lump similar organisms single species makes separate species
arms wave want learn ride bicycles perform gymnastics losing balance nervous system controls coordinates body movement nervous system brain spinal cord bundles fibers called nerves extend rest body nerve signals travel brain spinal cord nerves brain spinal cord referred central nervous system location function controlling body processes nerves central nervous system peripheral nervous system key nervous system functioning neuron nerve cell neuron central body nucleus cell structures located central body extending neuron cell body branched threads thread neuron extend entire length leg threads carry messages parts body brain messages travel quickly thin branches neuron branches carry messages neuron central body carry messages messages called impulses travel neuron direction nerve impulse signal passes length neuron impulses pass form neuron cells touch branches close impulse nerve branches neuron produce chemical chemical stimulates branches neuron neurons end muscles chemical released muscle cells contract
excretory system removes wastes body waste byproduct metabolism harm poison cells substances needed cells small amounts large amounts substances poisonous occurs excess removed body undigested food waste product digestive system leaves body large intestine wastes produced cells respiration carbon dioxide water proteins cell release energy nitrogen compound called ammonia produced ammonia poisonous liver ammonia poisonous waste called urea cellular wastes diffuse blood body organs adapted filtering blood organs remove wastes body skin lungs kidneys organs excretory system wastes leave skin sweat sweat glands skin surrounded capillaries water salts urea blood diffuse sweat glands wastes leave glands pores skin carbon dioxide water diffuse blood air sacs lungs exhale wastes leave body hold palm hand front mouth exhale mouth feel moisture exhaled air kidney remarkable filter cellular wastes removed body kidneys kidney bean shaped organ size adult fist
alcohol poison damages brain cells cells repaired heavy alcohol destoys liver damaging brain alcohol pregnant woman permanent damage unborn child depressant drugs kill pain sleep barbiturates prescribed doctors patients need sleeping pill codeine mild depressant cough medicines depressant drugs poisons large amount depressant lead kind drunkenness coma finally death nicotine found leaves tobacco plants person smokes tobacco nicotine breathed lungs smoke trace nicotine acts mild stimulant body speeds pulse nicotine tightens blood vessels blood pressure rise nicotine harmful things tobacco smoke materials smoke break air sacs lungs materials collect linings air sacs makes difficult needed oxygen pass lungs blood materials smoke irritate lining lungs sixteen materials known lead cancer lungs materials tobacco smoke stomach acid increases chances ulcers smokers likely liver bladder cancer
knows exactly psychoactive drugs affect things makes kinds drugs dangerous term effects nervous system scientists understand addiction chief dangers drug addiction means developing physical psychological need drug drugs produce physical addiction narcotics heroin known painful withdrawal symptoms user experiences drug amphetamines produce physical addiction withdrawal symptoms include deep depression addictive drugs legal alcohol alcoholics severe withdrawal symptoms called delirium tremens frightening visions uncontrollable trembling drugs psychologically addictive severe mental emotional distress nicotine produces strong psychological addiction cocaine major danger drugs user builds tolerance means body dosage drug order feeling drug user increase dosage tolerance pushes user taking greater amounts drug takes fatal overdose drugs tolerance remain drug taking stops drugs stay nervous system usage ended danger drug physical mental deterioration alcohol severe liver damage tobacco smoke emphysema heart disease types cancer including lung cancer lsd depression psychosis
common explosions home gas leakage heating systems gas stoves detect gas leak smell gas house smell gas open doors windows gas move outdoors turn gas source light match smell gas house ventilated try find source gas leak plug leak need help call local fire department local utility company information spot prevent gas leaks gasoline source explosions fires leave cap container gasoline flammable liquids liquids catch fire piles gasoline oiled soaked rags paper catch fire means spontaneous combustion process chemicals build heat ignite material help match fires start half fatal fires homes set smokers sleep smoking bed bedding sofas catch fire produce poisonous smoke home fires stoves home heating systems hot water heaters important sparks fireplaces electrical appliances properly knowing prevent fires react caught difference death family fire department give detailed information meantime important things remember caught fire
marine science large field marine technologists specialize area marine biology marine chemistry marine geology important job technologists specializing marine biology care prepare saltwater animals plants study saltwater organisms gathered special aquariums marine technologist sure conditions aquariums saltwater ecosystem marine technologists kinds equipment colleges offer course marine technology person marine technologist high school courses biology earth science chemistry physics courses raising studying tropical fish hobby future marine technologist marine technologists hired oceanographic institutes fish wildlife services private industries forestry science developing maintaining managing forests includes management forest resources water wildlife grazing recreation areas foresters bachelor science degree forestry pulp paper lumber companies government hire foresters foresters jobs balance young trees forest marking trees cut planting trees check things insects air pollution disease trees foresters research laboratories part forester job help appreciate need healthy forests
continuing need food need insecticides likely control insects found scientists making progress direction ways plant eating insect populations controlled insects eat plants natural enemies natural enemy eats ways destroys insect pest natural enemy insect pest insect problem facing scientists find natural enemy harmful insect hunted natural enemy task matching harmful insect natural enemy big tests natural enemy affect populations ecosystem scientists success method controlling insects ladybird beetles saved california orange groves destroyed insects large green larva figure tomato hornworm eats leaves tomato plants natural enemy tiny wasp wasp lays eggs hornworm eggs hatch wasp larvae feed hornworm kill wasp larvae cocoons hornworm picture covered small white wasp cocoons eventually adult wasps cocoons idea release wasps kind field tomato plants infested tomato hornworm farmers need wasps need beneficial insects killed hornworms
baltimore insurance company strange visitor building powerful bird wingspread fed pigeons diving speeds km hour seize prey mid air pink granite ledge thirty floor home resident peregrine falcon peregrines nest shelves steep mountain cliffs leave hunt open land habitats changed england forests grown open farmland cliffs covered timber falcons prey hidden beneath forest canopy problem especially west insecticides food chain contaminated peregrines lay thin shelled eggs break easily causing fewer chicks survive falcons endangered species birds friend group called peregrine fund fund breeds peregrines captivity collects eggs wild hatch safety birds survive released wild baltimore falcon called scarlett bird released maryland island left wild area baltimore formed territorial attachment city fact cities provide habitats falcons skyscrapers cliffs offering nesting places updrafts birds soar large food supply pigeons sparrows falcons safe natural predators owls eagles raccoons
helicopter traffic reporter looked car traffic safe driving handbook says moving car machine system machine generally told respond limits kind physical system set nerves mind control body limits car going getting fuel physical system called run fuel mind computer controller body car trip short driver car shape trip tired upset emotion drive car able start run stop properly broadest sense driving task includes actual driving includes planning trip end trip driver planner operator beginning end planning adjusting driver important car highway combination adjust drivers cooperate cooperation highway transportation system impossible wonder drivers varied ability style cooperate part don meet roads tired reactions slower usual
warm interior car inside windshield clear moisture wet cold days driving window slightly open help clearing moisture inside car windows cuts likelihood breathing carbon monoxide inside car cold days defroster warms windshield melt snow ice sun low glare blinding driver turns sun visor sun visors injured collisions padded help protect car occupants case crash view driver inside mirror mirror driver turn head glance shoulder car rearview mirrors advantages leaving window open drive factor driving smoothly dependably getting feel controls car driving switch family car prepared controls feel overcontrol power steering power brakes easy expect car steer brake easily change car power brakes power steering located instrument panel steering column switch locks car starts ignition car key inserted lock turned car ignition system put operation turning key farther clockwise operates starter switch starts small starter motor starts engine
basic maneuvers driving physical car handling part driving task basic maneuvers essential tools drive traffic important choices traffic driving learn basic maneuvers begin learning sense unusual car driving operates sensing car running aware response road surface helpful information received eyes gain vital clues senses ears tell engine running smoothly notice car feels seat floor steering wheel smell oil gasoline burning rubber tip trouble avoid damage car find rewarding learn form making left turns smooth turn hand hand steering avoid shuffling wheel series jerky turns british driving book tells students hand hand steering saying big bites big bites big bites turning idea hand hand turn generally side hand starts clock top steering wheel pulls hand side reaches grip top wheel kind hand hand motion repeated steering wheel turned required amount illustration steering wheel held knuckles hands rim wheel
vision safe driver able ensure driver notice things car affect safety objects things happen notice driver sees notices things perceiving means information driver sees senses making decisions kind awareness understanding things events called perception vision sorting putting information brought brain eyes senses sorting identify things events affect car predict happen based information prediction decide speed direction car act moving car controls decided unitl perceive important things events consideration identify predict decide act mental process perceiving takes place give attention thing event happening mind instance car coming driveway ahead eyes send messages car driveway brain registered brain messages sort picture part perception interpret picture car driveway terms effect picture mean means car street path
don try relay signal driver ahead mislead driver plans instance don relay left turn signal driver ahead plan straight states illegel makes drivers expect turn talking lights ways communicate communications recognize hand signals blinking headlights slow speed lane choice placement lane horn communications warn inform point ask cooperation tell plan turn slow stop pass watching signals drivers pick car clues glance front wheels oncoming car car lane clue unsignaled turn test driver says driver communicates today sophisticated drivers increase road think test driver offer clues identify sophisticated driver spectacular sophisticated woman dream shouting screaming dashing madly school office downtown street noisy conspicuous automobile true sophisticate call attention drives groomed person dresses quietly taste special quality attends driving constantly trying things easier drivers
drive meeting vehicles traffic passing passed learning master part driving task deals fore aft traffic pay prepared defensively unexpected moves car ahead car follow proper distance driver watches things driver ahead slow stop swerve million rear end collisions country according national highway traffic safety administration avoid hitting car ahead allow distance space car directly ahead driver ahead makes unexpected abrupt stop distance suddenly shorter sure stopping distance drive allow stopping distance stops signs backs cars saying stop sense driver looks car ahead think driver saying rule thumb mind mph speed allow average car length feet clear space car safe distance mph alert remember minimum distance moving car stop short stopped car need car lengths stopping distance
autumn flocks peninsula restless uneasy spending motion wheeling circling sky settling feed rich turned soil fed hunger desire restlessness drove skies crying whistling calling skimmed placid sea left shore haste speed hurry begone purpose restless urge autumn unsatisfying sad put spell spill motion winter thought nat message comes birds autumn warning winter coming perish apprehensive death drive folly birds likewise tomorrow die birds restless fall agitation remarked days trigg tractor traced path western hills nat hedging saw dip turn machine momentarily lost cloud wheeling crying birds nat remarked trigg finished yes farmer birds usual notion weather change hard winter birds restless farmer night weather turned bedroom cottage faced east nat woke heard east wind cold dry sounded hollow chimney loose slate rattled roof
conjunction storm arrange number similar matters started religious revival flocking churches undoing infernal highness overlook sam shay difficult wagers things easier crash satan hooves hard tiling cut short put curse shay carried letter tend yes prince evil head assistant squeaked prudent demon hurled million miles space laboratory swiftly struck force end lame month dare mention matter sam shay inkling immersed problems failed wager difficult lose depressed mind resources coming end dollars left pockets bank account shannon malloy refused won wager night met devil low mind times caught glancing help wanted sections papers sunk despair middle afternoon tried devil skill slip winning wager past demonic forces watchful guard cut tailored mood
seventeenth century land promise opportunity individuals humanity fresh beginning land vast unconquered promising riches yielding bounty cost passengers arrived mayflower nearly half dead american colonies grew women continued emigrate europe hoping gain wealth gain freedom lead lives accordance consciences heeded call john smith founder jamestown colony riches fertile ground plentiful game fish asked englishmen desire content hath small means merit advance fortunes tread plant ground hath purchased hazard america promise easy living found struggle hard survive sought religious freedom found members authoritarian sternly repressive church dreamed organizing perfect society found escape problems face societies keeping order reconciling conflicting interests making common beginning american history conflict ideals realities americans strike kind balance dreams hard facts existence americans modified ideals abandoned history english colonies america properly understood understanding ideals inspired colonists ideal religious integrity ideal political democracy
engaged war colonies vie liberal aids money common enemy simple requisition give abilities reflect penny power honorable pound presented benevolence despise voluntary grants resolve harass taxes complain parliaments taxed body representative contrary common petition redress let parliaments flout claims reject petitions refuse suffer reading treat petitioners utmost contempt effect producing alienation proposed forgive injuries forgave contempt laying taxes regard heavy burdens remote undergo defending frontiers supporting provincial governments making roads building bridges churches public edifices countries hands ancestors occasion constant calls demands purses forget restraints lay trade benefit advantage monopoly trade exacting merchants think wealth merchants manufacturers acquire colony commerce increased ability pay taxes home accumulating price commodities taxes levying consuming customers employment support thousands poor colonists entirely forget
nation american revolution tremendous growth expansion ten states admitted union samuel slater english mechanic knowledge english spinning weaving machines emigrated united states help merchant set cotton factory rhode island industrial revolution united states utilizing knowledge machines slater brought england textile mills sprang england president jefferson purchased louisiana territory france tremendously increasing territory united states congressional authority meriwether lewis william clark began expedition northwestern part country pioneers searching land farm pushed westward roads trails rivers canals involvement national politics struggle federalists republicans gave americans growing sense part country alliance states war strengthened american sense unity national identity early nation elements essential strong sense national identity missing distinctive cultural significant national literature sydney smith english clergyman writer wit posed question quarters globe reads american book washington irving sketch book appeared proved enormously popular united states england earlier william cullen bryant poem thanatopsis published north american review james fenimore cooper natty bumppo pioneers published later edgar allan poe issued collection poems
read joy auspicious signs coming days glimmer poetry art philosophy science church signs fact movement effected elevation called lowest class assumed literature marked benign aspect sublime beautiful low common explored poetized negligently trodden foot harnessing provisioning journeys countries suddenly found richer foreign parts literature poor feelings child philosophy street meaning household topics stride sign vigor extremities active currents warm run hands feet ask remote romantic italy arabia greek art provencal minstrelsy embrace common explore sit feet familiar low give insight today antique future worlds meaning meal milk pan ballad street news boat glance eye form gait body show ultimate reason matters show sublime presence highest spiritual lurking lurk suburbs extremities nature let trifle bristling polarity ranges instantly eternal law shop plough ledger referred light poets sing lies longer dull miscellany lumber room form order trifle puzzle design unites farthest pinnacle lowest trench
wrote whittier biographer mere versemaker whittier deeply involved public affairs tall eager dressed quaker black notable antislavery speaker times splattered eggs angry crowds concord hampshire assaulted mob shot philadelphia office paper edited burned activities limited antislavery agitation served term massachusetts legislature lobbyist number including woman suffrage fair treatment indians care blind england poets whittier admired fireside poets writers verse read aloud fireplace fireside poets longfellow families attended colleges prosperous careers unlike whittier poor family largely taught remained poor whittier born haverhill massachusetts farmhouse ancestor thomas whittier built family quakers generations started learn cobbler trade schoolteacher war states spent antislavery agitator editor reform journals wrote political poems notable ichabod expresses disappointment englanders daniel webster supporting compromise south webster support fugitive slave act war states approached whittier withdrew political activity retired home quiet town amesbury massachusetts miles merrimack river native haverhill
flown outright dreadful passion scorned words thrust ignominiously presence bartleby strangely disarmed wonderful manner touched disconcerted began reason copies examine labor saving examination answer papers common usage copyist bound help examine copy speak answer prefer replied flutelike tone addressing carefully revolved statement fully comprehended meaning gainsay irresistible conclusion paramount consideration prevailed reply decided comply request request according common usage common sense briefly gave understand point judgment sound yes decision irreversible seldom case browbeaten unprecedented violently unreasonable begins stagger plainest faith begins vaguely surmise wonderful justice reason side disinterested persons present turns reinforcement faltering mind turkey think submission sir turkey blandest tone think nippers think
plunged western comparative darkness collapse vast roman empire centuries maintained order wall northern britain distant arabia height roman empire travel post roads currency north england middle east red sea talk progress longer british ruled india southern half britain part roman empire roman invasion series raids julius caesar nearly century later roman conquest britain emperor claudius conquered british inhabitants celtic roman legions remained defenders roman forces finally withdrawn protect rome jutes angles saxons began successful invasions visit england find fascinating remains roman britain ruins public baths tiled floors roman villas highways england foundations original military roads roman legions familiar place names ending caster chester owe origin roman occupation latin word camp castra roman legions britons match invaders north sea britons retreat mountains moors struggle half legendary king arthur transformed hero medieval romance figure celtic leader organized determined resistance
writer chaucer extremely prolific early short lyrics longer works book duchess influence french poetry later works parliament fowls troilus criseyde writing reflected influence italian masters dante petrarch boccaccio began canterbury tales ambitious master craft canterbury tales chaucer structural device frame story popular thousand tales arabian nights entertainment hundred tales boccaccio decameron frame group tales chaucer chose springtime pilgrimage canterbury cathedral site splendid shrine st thomas becket murdered centuries chaucer customary europe members classes travel religious shrines seek miraculous cures gain remission sins simply satisfy wanderlust england pilgrimage canterbury popular traces pilgrims persist chaucer choice frame canterbury tales addition giving equal scope talents narrator philosopher dramatist observer advantages device journey bring naturally persons varied occupations diverse social rank rarity medieval society chaucer able present cross section medieval society drawing characters important groups feudal ecclesiastical urban
natural find love beauty major themes running elizabethan poetry englishmen renaissance love beauty especially human beauty considered outward sign spirit striving perfection natural themes find expression song music important poetry elizabethans plays period liberally sprinkled melodies captivated audiences elizabethans consider music simply pleasant listening primarily passive pleasure sense young gentlemen expected expert sword show fine leg doublet hose expected participate singing madrigals carry part glance score songs lyrics assembled popular collections miscellany poets sang published seventy thousand preceding elizabethans sang variety forms madrigal pastoral sonnet forms enabled poet express highly individual feelings love beauty madrigal complex musical form voices sing accompaniment nearly poets wrote lyrics intended sung form pastoral poem shepherds shepherdesses spend singing dancing lovemaking idyllic rural setting sonnet popular form period sonnet perfected italy fourteenth century italian renaissance poet petrarch introduced england sir thomas wyatt
plot depends character events happen act according natures writer convinces person real interest macbeth shakespeare concentrated skill characterization leading figures macbeth lady macbeth macbeth appears hear bravery battle scene sense vastly ambitious brooding unconscious happening scenes later lady macbeth commenting letter view husband nature full milk human kindness remark convinces macbeth ambitious scrupulous evil desires timid play false wife forces lady macbeth obvious stronger nature scene vii husband macbeth soliloquy lines shows shrinks murder duncan wife forces action taunt coward examples skillful characterization abound play diction language characters important aspect play macbeth full highest dramatic verse especially macbeth important speeches soliloquies dramatic speech combines perfect union sound rhythm meaning individual speaker situation enabling audience experience vicariously characters feelings dramatic speech macbeth soliloquy act iii scene awaits murderers hired kill banquo
comparing likeness charles earlier miniatures hilliard plates important innovations van brought english portraiture contrast hilliard meticulous linear rendering minute details van painted bold sweeping brushstroke creating effect dash elegance effect intensified curving formation plants foreground luxuriant branches foliage overhead billowing clouds sky notice van lighting evenly distributed figures background hilliard portraits concentrated mainly important left half composition deeper tones shadows tie details rest painting van succeeded court painter english artist william dobson portrayed number cavaliers king charles service devoted endymion porter plate informed agent helpful making purchases royal collection pictures dobson attempt prettify porter puffy hands plain features interest sheen fine fabrics catching solid pose including relevant details dobson convincingly represented country gentlemen assured position varied tastes gun dead rabbit held groom porter sportsman bust poet relief foreground suggest interest arts civil war broke royalists parliamentarians later defeated charles executed austere puritanism foster arts artists commissioned paint likenesses eminent puritans
consideration hales eton say subject poet wrote produce shakespeare generally preferred age lived contemporaries fletcher jonson equaled esteem king court ben reputation highest sir john suckling greater part courtiers set shakespeare beaumont fletcher speak advantage shakespeare wit precedent natural gifts improved study play brought fletcher esteem philaster written unsuccessfully reported ben jonson writ humor plots generally regular shakespeare especially beaumont death understood imitated conversation gentlemen wild debaucheries quickness wit repartees poet paint humor ben jonson derived persons business describe represented passions lively love apt believe english language arrived highest perfection words superfluous ornamental plays pleasant frequent entertainments stage acted shakespeare jonson reason gaiety comedies pathos plays suit generally humors
story takes places author imagination story history attempt tell actually happen author version expect happen knowledge human nature awareness laws operate author story tolkien scholar author tales believable story happens story maker proves successful subcreator makes secondary mind enter inside relates true accords laws believe inside moment disbelief arises spell broken magic art failed inheriting fantastic device human language say green sun imagine picture secondary inside green sun credible commanding secondary belief require labor thought certainly demand special skill kind elvish craft attempt difficult tasks attempted degree accomplished rare achievement art narrative art story making primary potent mode sense read story leave stretch knowledge understanding entering author seeing imaginatively eyes read story simply enjoyment try talk find need aware elements story composed
spring jess discontented human race women looked spring put shade season resourceful meeting changed digging roots sassafras thicket licking sulfur molasses big bowled spoon table set supper plates neatly turned cover bone handled knives forks spoon vase aglitter steel burnished brick dust dishes jam light sun dwindling peaked overcast window spring opening house putting line poetry eliza lifting dried peach pies hot oven set neat row edge kitchen cabinet cool slid pans cornbread oven turned jess cheeks red heat black eyes warm say thee maybe relish nice rhyme supper jess birdwell jess sighed sniffed pies rich ripe peach flavor kitchen smelled summer orchard lacking sound bees eliza thee knows wouldn thee anyway altered thee thee eliza interrupted thee wants thy poetry eat jess wondered felt spring season lord thumbprint fresh led unspringlike argument batch dried peach pies eliza firmly didn mean thee
students look pa pa gun pocket tender heart beneath ribs snakes pa won whip mule home won whip cattle defend hisself says pa cattle mules drop em nothin beat pullin mule th kind heart professor herbert took pa laboratory showed kinds showed equipment stood talked worked walked talked louder hall biology class walked room class broom sweep hours finish paying split cherry tree wondered pa want stay standing hallway watching students march looked lost looked leaf turned brown tree treetop filled growing leaves broom started sweep professor herbert walked says going let home father waiting laid broom books steps pa says hours sweepin says professor herbert home says pa goin says
sections stories poetry study examples narrative verse include poems wife usher folk ballad medieval times allen dale sir walter scott famous nineteenth century english poet novelist sailing sword william morris nineteenth century english poet examples poetry inspired folk ballads wife usher moving closer study ballad william sycamore story poetry american poet stephen vincent benet section called music poetry discover poets created exciting musical effects verse effective poetic elements rhythm rhyme alliteration assonance alfred lord tennyson bugle song poet helps hear echo bugle sounding distant hills reveille poet rhythm effect maggie milly molly twentieth century american poet cummings modern writer sound meaning create original kind music pictures poetry section part poets special powers description mind eye playful cat sleepy fawn whirling sea silvery walter de la mare rushing night clouds amy lowell encounter joyous sad reflective verse section entitled poems joy sorrow william wordsworth heart leaps shelley dirge examples range feeling expressed section
age mass production painters buy materials ready middle ages renaissance painters prepared pigments workshops colored materials pieces earth ground fine powder mixed water form paste knew bright dull colors drying knew fairly paintings look ten twenty hundred artists days knew materials paintings excellent condition look instance clear beautiful colors fifteenth century manuscript illumination reproduced plate ultramarine blue sea sky semi precious stone called lapis lazuli artist applied mixture pigment water added gummy substance paint adhere firmly manuscript illuminators white egg painters worked canvas wooden panels yolk egg tempera kind paint called dries fast stroke color added instantly blurring mixing period early renaissance precision detail highly admired egg tempera perfect medium panel paintings larger manuscript illuminations precise detail plates surface panel prepared layers fine white plaster called gesso rubbed smooth finish colors laid flat tones shaded light dark tiny strokes pointed brush
seen carl sandburg television stage tall bright piercing eyes white hair reading poetry singing american folk songs accompanying guitar called poet wide acquaintance sympathy kinds personal hero abraham lincoln sandburg monumental biography lincoln conveys sense lincoln true greatness carl sandburg born galesburg small town illinois parents poor hardworking swedish immigrants carl quit school age thirteen full help support family worked sweeping office handling paper route carrying cans milk milkman washing pop bottles managing concessions stand sweeping barber shop nineteen began cramped galesburg decided road riding rails town town america americans sorts jobs worked illinois missouri kansas colorado nebraska home reached galesburg understanding education volunteering service spanish american war encountering seasickness mosquitoes returned galesburg worked fireman put college college worked political jobs newspaperman support writing poetry sandburg success publication chicago poems appeared thirty poetry immediately praised realistic portrayal american cities proud relentless industry western expanse small towns farms
earliest french literature dates eleventh century song roland unknown authorship looked national epic france comparable beowulf england song nibelungs germany chansons de gestes songs exploits subjects song roland stories current charlemagne legend king arthur chief writer arthurian epics filled spirit chivalry courtly love chretien de twelfth century famous french narrative poets middle ages courtly love principal theme troubadours lyric poets provence southern france distinguished ingenuity artificiality distinctly personal end middle ages encounter lyric poet person francois villon vagabond merit putting heart verse french prose middle ages employed mainly chronicles history anonymous story twelfth century called aucassin nicolette charming unpretentious drama france countries europe origin offspring church destined later bitter foes earliest plays simply dramatizations ritual connected christmas easter plays transferred church open air french substituted latin drama inevitably developed lines farces realistic humorous coarse type popular
literature richer tragedies comedies reason seek unceasing struggle existence constant spectacle suffering unhappiness cruelty nature certainty death combine feel instinctively sadness realm comedy plays generally undertone comedy merely witty artificial farcical feel deals trivialities caricatures reality play honestly faces emerges comic spirit triumphant rare moliere furnished comedies undisputed title glory real jean baptiste poquelin french writers voltaire beaumarchais george sand known pseudonym born paris bourgeois family fundamental outlook social class characterized shrewd common sense love realities daily wishes family decided theatrical career adopted moliere destined illustrious unsuccessful venture paris thirteen actor manager provinces gaining practical knowledge stagecraft familiarity types humanity troupe returned paris secured favor king louis xiv plays written fifteen died harness acting moliere wrote thirty plays distinction expended care enterprising director merely order special occasions
transcendent talent mateo falcone won reputation true friend dangerous enemy ready oblige generous poor lived peace district porto vecchio story told corte married wife disposed summarily rival reputed redoubtable war love events mateo credit rifle shot surprised aforesaid rival shaving front mirror hung window affair forgotten mateo married wife giuseppa gave daughters caused fret fume finally son named fortunato hope family heir daughters married father need rely daggers carbines sons law son ten gave rich promise future autumn mateo left house early wife inspect flocks clearing maquis fortunato liked clearing stay watch house father refused reason repent absent hours fortunato lying placidly sun watching blue mountains thinking sunday going town dine uncle caporal suddenly interrupted meditations report firearm
comparison cervantes shakespeare inevitable greatest literary country subject endless research piece details strange coincidence died april marked differences apparent shakespeare essentially dramatist cervantes unsuccessful attempted stage plays won fame shakespeare excelled comedy tragedy cervantes writing marked vein humor philosophy human frailty lie beneath surface shakespeare records lived outwardly uneventful cervantes actual experiences narrative high adventure born alcala de madrid case shakespeare place determined baptismal record father surgeon provided noble ancestors coin purse boy education largely matter conjecture meager shakespeare facts begin emerge find twenty italy train papal legate later soldier famous naval battle lepanto muslims finally defeated christians cervantes wounded left hand permanently disabled called cripple lepanto remained active service started home brother destination ship attacked moorish pirates cervantes borne algiers christian slave held ransom letters carried addressed persons high rank spain algerians gained false impression importance
goatherd grandson grazing herd goats mountains higher slopes pedrizas peak corneja rears erect gigantic sentinel hewn granite cloak yellow stuff hung goatherd shoulders rawhide leggings encased limbs knees goatskin cap covered head hand horny claw bird grasped white rough crook hawthorn uncouth primitive cheeks rough bark oak partly covered sprouting beard days whitish dirty assistant ruddy freckled youth mastiff welkin ring traced dizzying circles sling air head gayly gave answer distant voices goatherds cowmen shouts strident neighing horse ended clear silvery trill bantering laughter mountain echoes gave mountain heights goatherd grandson looked treeless hills slopes bare meadows dark round patches thickets broom thickly strewn violets purple flowering thyme lavender foot mountain bed torrent full dry leaves grew bushes dark green foliage copses stunted swamp oaks evening falling light breeze wandering sun sank slowly peaks mountains reddish snakes dragons swam iridescent blue sea sky sun clouds paled lost color snakes dragons transformed immense crocodiles gigantic cetaceans
leonardo returned florence found servite friars allotted filippino picture high altar nunziata leonardo declared similar thing filippino heard courteous withdrew friars wishing leonardo paint brought house paying expenses household began length drew cartoon virgin st anne christ filled artist wonder finished set room women young flocked days festival marveled exceedingly face virgin displays simplicity beauty shed grace mother god showing modesty humility virgin contentedly happy seeing beauty son tenderly holds lap regards st john feet caressing lamb st anne smiles joy seeing earthly progeny divine conception worthy intellect genius leonardo cartoon france drew ginevra wife amerigo benci beautiful portrait abandoned friars recalled filippino prevented finishing death francesco del leonardo undertook portrait mona lisa wife left incomplete working possession francis king france fontainebleau
question point ways author ask reader ask author stand question asked author characters characters ask learn interesting characters learn story girl named genevieve end learns important maybe brought waller department store definitely romantic promised mother rain hat wandered looking wistfully things couldn afford wouldn allowed wear piece bathing suit instance renee weston renee weston yes bert howland taking benefit dance saturday night asked benefit dance going ask quiet genevieve smith walking aisles head heart judge felt dragging floor sign front hair ribbons stopped cold eye catchers sign selection bow ribbons hair color rainbow pick color suit personality stood moment head mother wouldn let wear bow big showy nerve eye catchers kind kind renee weston wear started think saleslady broke train thought nice dearie
read book wrote emily dickinson makes body cold fire warm poetry feel top head poetry ways top head strong words emily dickinson knew talking today emily dickinson considered greatest american poets greatest story strange nearly passed large house amherst massachusetts girl active fun loving college early happened changed disappointing romance story rate started spending read lot helped family chores watched wonders nature private yard garden stopped going church parents died grew smaller happened private civil war held interest dressed white left chores house unmarried sister vinnie refused meet strangers ten emily dickinson died age relatives knew poetry interests written poetry mainly lifetime poems printed family friends seen dreamed surprise death
late returned room hated return place knew tomorrow cold fear walked room snapped lights eyes fell blue canvas bag worn dusty dust thousand roads thousand countries ground alive living thing power worn deep dusty folds ordinary fashioned bag grown strange fondness home real connection drifting ghost strong friend carrying things owned walked miles left hated looked drums beating ears heartbeat didn stared bag ghosts began wander mind miles dusty free miles lonely lonely free took bag lap opened inside odds ends pack cigarettes ancient straight razor couple unused bullets pair stick rubber soles shoes shabby torn handkerchief strong wind memories flowed mind call road dark nights glistening star blanket
story happen place authors settings stories clear kinds stories real settings appointment baghdad set middle east perfect setting strange story events happen land stimulates imagination stories called stereotyped rounded characters stereotyped characters types met reading kind grandmother goofy teenage boy sports hero manages minute home run touchdown pass rounded characters hand types real individuals haven met predict exactly faced problems appointment baghdad short author introduce develop rounded characters powerful sultan frightening figure death worried young assistant types recognize soon named stories interesting don asking happen happens story called plot early story important question raised action answers question end story lead question stories number questions rising action story leads finally exciting climax end appointment baghdad reader asks young want horse question answered sultan goes garden point reader asks happen sultan meets death
turned esther meant poltergeists ghosts called called maggie bob claimed olive teed looked amazement esther stared thin air middle living room told maggie standing strange girl swore maggie wearing pair black white socks belonged esther feeling foolish shouted maggie esther socks quick minute later pair black white socks appeared dropped air front floor stopped looking explanations explanation supernatural maggie bob action eyes saw heavy ash tray leave place table whizzing crashing wall ducked furniture constantly slid floors entered dining room chair fell crash needing light pipe remarked bob give matches immediately lighted match fell air poltergeists helpful weeks passed esther spells continued grew worse lie bed dead body swelling balloon collapsing poltergeists ruining furniture damaging walls started lighting small fires teeds asked move owner house risked
tiger cages kingdom searched savage beasts fiercest monster chosen arena search ranks maiden youth beauty young fitting bride bride course knew act accused fact loved princess kingdom thought saying king think letting fact kind interfere trial took delight satisfaction matter turned youth future decided king especially interested finding young wrong allowing love princess arrived gathered soon filled arena huge crowds unable stood walls king place opposite twin doors horrible likeness ready signal door beneath king opened lover princess walked arena tall handsome greeted low hum wonder worry half known youth lived wonder princess loved terrible thing youth advanced arena stopped turn custom bow king think royal person eyes fixed princess sat father
returning factory overnight captain phillips king town morning bargained concerning price goods paid slave buy price set women children trading begin give presents ship captains privilege trading king received goods equal slaves caboceers goods equal slaves later phillips paid goods equal slave paid amounts black official charge guarding goods beach black official charge escorting slaves king town seashore agreed prices sharp bargaining paid tolls demanded king caboceers begin trading slaves local bellman ringing bell notifying bring slaves sell place called trunk king slaves offered captain phillips noticed poorest lot bought coulb put sale captain recorded majesty rights caboceers order highest ranking lesser brought slaves sell ship doctor checked health slaves carefully making jump stretch arms rapidly looked mouths discover ages caboceers phillips noted cunning shave close matter slaves gray hairs heads beards
knowledge african kingdoms empires past comes travelers especially arabs journeyed africa centuries ago interesting leo africanus visited west african empire songhay century born al ibn muhammed al al granada spain educated influential family traveled extensively al traveled merchant caravans diplomatic missions states north africa visited west africa empire songhay peak askia muhammad returning europe egypt captured mediterranean pirates impressed bearing pirates presented muslim slave pope leo piratical warfare mediterranean muslims sold captured christians slavery christians likewise enslaved muslims captured impressed intellect pope freed personal convert al baptized christian pope leo sponsored stood served godfather pope leo gave names johannes leo giovanni leo later leo known leo africanus living rome pope palace pension provided ruler roman catholicism leo africanus wrote published greatest book history description africa describes visit west africa find description houses palace temple details songhay city timbuktu leo africanus rich black monarch hath plates scepters staffs batons gold whereof weigh pounds keeps magnificent furnished court
troubled times sold slavery order help protection lord master owing repay entered slavery parents owed care children sold slavery governments persons slaves crimes debts capturing ships sea pirates sold slavery lives spared important kidnapped sold slavery ransom money demanded paid promptly slave sudden war times turmoil meant king poet merchant general slave slaves ancient times generally respected persons happened slavery considered fit slavery slavery practiced africa war prisoners criminals debtors uprooted persons pressed bondage slaves free worked tasks slaves important administrators supervisors teachers children slaves slaves generally treated respect africans european explorers guinea coast west africa africans selling surplus slaves arab traders centuries west africans carried trade arabs north africa arabs traded europeans west africa trading europe indirectly ships european nations began sailing atlantic coast africa portuguese coast west africa directing effort prince henry navigator lived younger son king john portugal
system governing colonies enacted british parliament king george iii french indian war system developed mainly bring colonies closer control raise money bring stricter enforcement tax laws colonists resented controls taxes accustomed managing affairs saw fit colonists laws colonial assemblies felt unjust parliament miles impose taxes part levying sugar act lowered tax sugar provided customs officials sure tax paid customs officials colonists bought sugar british west indies expensive sugar french spanish islands west indies act stamp act enacted purpose raise revenue taxing publications legal documents colonies immediately colonists protested crying taxation representation colonists boycotted refused buy british goods parliament repealed stamp act blacks colonies joined protests colonists considered british oppression townshend acts taxes levied imports colonists opposed colonists taxes raising money controlling restricting trade foreign nations british goods boycotted customs officials attacked colonists tried collect duties trouble boston regiments british soldiers city late
colonial period upland type cotton grown raised farm wives home farmer raising acres acres tobacco wife grow tiny plot cotton plant tend pick clean spin cotton fibers threads spinning wheel weave threads cloth hand loom dress item clothing amount required weave cotton item difficult person twentieth century imagine farm wives farmers planters bother upland cotton short inch fibers stuck fuzzy green seed hard clean separate lint fibers seed fact slave working clean pound cotton cost feed price pound cotton sold upland cotton grow easily south worthless crop farmers planters costly clean winter months farm wives cleaned spare moments daily chores gave lonely hours type cotton sea island cotton cleaned easily sea island cotton began grown america british west indies seeds friend georgia sea island cotton inch fiber separated easily smooth glossy black seed
runaway slave captured owner punish selling river crueler slavery deep south slaves upper south afraid run william wells brown persuaded mother join attempt escape slavery master physician farm st louis missouri master lived st louis clock night brown mother ran rowed mississippi river illinois skiff rowboat stole night took main road alton illinois passed daylight woods remained brown recalled slave narrative published remained woods soon darkness overshadowed earth started gloomy guide north star continued travel night secrete woods night anxiously look friend leader north star days miles northward illinois felt safer began traveling soon mounted horses rode stopped showed advertisement masters offering apiece reward capture reading advertisement mother looked face burst tears fugitives carried st louis jail week brown master brought house brown father prominent white kentucky friend physician owned brown birth
january important month history computers month computers built children born began person wanted computer fact later computers computers pocket calculator computer inside pocket calculator notices key press knows rules arithmetic writes answers display calculator arithmetic computer tells computer inside digital watch watches hands watch tiny quartz crystal vibrates times computer counts beat crystal adds beats writes display watch shows computer tells typewriters let type letters compositions part called memory later call written correct spelling errors rewrite want typewriter type perfect copy automatically typewriter remembers computer inside tells pick station older stereo tv sets turn knob moves metal parts inside set pick station newer units touch small button computer notices button touch makes electrical inside unit writes channel number station frequency small digital display computer remember favorite stations loud sound video game electronic toy
term computer saying clearly means experience session lot computer things learn computers later worry computer things don need works understand behaves understand friends knowing brains hearts stomachs likewise computers everyday don parts machine computer remember ran program hi entered computer performing input pressed return computer combined phrase computer processing information gave finally computer printed charlie times computer performing output input computer takes information processing computer information output computer information human terms input listening processing thinking output talking try computers typed load hi computer began input hi diskette computer turned cursor ready input keyboard course keyboard input screen output play computer games knobs buttons input music sound output
spend hours writing improving program don want disappear diskette happens accident blame person access diskette think fun wipe programs joke joke damage information belongs society depends systems information takes costs money collect information write computer programs process information law abiding citizens steal car set house fire citizens information society need develop respect information belong collect information need learn protect lock bikes cars houses lock command computer offers protection diskette unlock program destroy design computer systems worried problem think carefully privacy safety information allow put computer system able information copy asking destroy session wrote complete basic programs contained print statements print statements told computer display words screen characters displayed print statement need words characters session learn create design print statements characters keyboard computer
cpu charge zigzag control paths drawing lead cpu units conductor orchestra cpu beats keeps signals input unit computer ready receive data signals memory unit data put tells place memory affected signals output unit data coming musical score tells players orchestra program tells computer cpu reads steps program carries computers designed built programs stored computer cards holes punched locations computer read instruction carry program stored memory unit data processed speed power modern computers depend fact today computers electronic need electrical power operate main parts wires switches guess computers electronic true charles babbage english mathematician designed programmable computer completed computer contained brass wheels mechanical parts programs coded punched large thick cards strung cards tell automatic loom pattern weave babbage planned power steam engine turn wheels computer analytical engine step program designed built complete computers based flow air thin pipes
computer graphics graphic design computer computer task computer graphics requires input processing output special computer processor graphics special graphics software special graphics input output hardware needed computer graphics output appears tv screen computer control graphics output units plotter pens computer tell plotter raise lower pen move pen place pen touches draws sheet paper output unit film recorder computer draws picture tube similar tv screen camera takes photograph screen graphics input unit designer enter shapes directly computer graphics tablet kind input hardware user draws electronic pen tablet tells computer points pen passes computer graphics computer requires hardware software graphics software tells computer choose point screen page draw nearly small computers graphics statements versions basic person wants computer draw picture tell computer screen place point line let start simple tell house live city tell find street give house number
putting movie camera front television screen artist motion picture computer graphics computer draws frame movie camera takes picture moves film forward ready frame science fiction film read credits special effects created computer graphics easier cheaper create pictures computer programs build expensive sets props computers movies filmmakers build small model sets city block put tabletop past photograph city moving camera carefully model today camera mounted mechanical arm controlled computer computer program tells arm move turn helicopter recently filmmakers built small models prehistoric animals cover mechanical arms legs skin looks animal computer controls motion animal computer controlled camera records picture computers modern theaters computers move actors stage things big part play lighting think lights curtain rises comes actually lights coming getting brighter getting dimmer going play lighting effect occur suddenly slowly performance effects easy control lighting store instructions lighting change memory computer
today large middle class population industrial nations opportunity choose assets feel built security age pensions unemployment insurance programs income ways enjoy feel worked hard money ways give pleasure contrast philosophy attitude unconcerned living fellow care comforts society provide indifference money buy reflected style emphasizes feelings love understanding happiness appreciation nature things philosophy pursued ways degrees early prophets led styles living fact founded greatly influenced important religious group scorned usual pattern living contemporaries jesus john baptist john calvin isaiah monks nuns middle ages spent lives seclusion denial preserved literary heritage western monks eastern religions buddhism serve educated leaders society lead lives material comforts history examples cared material things george washington carver worked agricultural chemist educator didn cash paychecks able think examples today pattern
week christmas bob broke shopped carefully presents cost figured vacation money bob problem common easy spend planned caught short unexpected expense tear slacks friend birthday party need buy present tire car cut piece glass need young person job going school unexpected expenses clothing transportation social activities pair glasses parents big bill repair leaky roof medical expenses illness younger brother grown weed needs clothes united states looks rich wonderful place parts african asian student comes amazed vast number goods americans feel prosperous trouble making ends meet obviously family manage money necessities minimum subsistence level amount money individual family order manage adequately varies course factors family size health locality minimum subsistence level find desires outrun income members family annual income think happy family feel sure want
compare crandalls young family today bob markham druggist lives house owns jointly bank mortgage held bank house equipped refrigerator washing machine dryer house price included purchase price ranch house markhams cars suburbs job town enables mrs markham shopping errands part job markhams partly dependent things cars household equipment pay cash addition mortgage owe cars power lawn mower era dawned widespread credit today buy homes automobiles washing machines dryers tv sets clothes college educations host things credit peter drucker noted economist writer labeled rental economy feel buying credit renting exception payment finally owner families credit reason middle income families biggest users installment credit young families heavy users credit study showed families husband forty families buying items credit read young credit today
repair services advantage customers large eastern city took tv set needing tube seventeen repair shops area shops gave honest appraisals trouble ten quoted repair prices ranged occasionally charged repairs parts installed aware repairs automobiles appliances request written estimate cost want ask faulty parts saved check itemized statement parts labor correct actually friends recommend repair satisfactory taking risk choosing service agency times return careful shopping mistakes purchase item defective carefully selected red sweater red tweed slacks later find colors don match store looked fluorescent lights daylight colors look woman bought canister vacuum problem floor sample store worked beautifully purchase received vacuum sealed carton didn examine home opened box home found hose missing returning sweater vacuum plan return person picked store delivery service large department stores type service need consider things bought sale
limited spend clothing money talk parents find help give clothing purchases job able plan help pay clothes look attractive spending fortune spend money clothes buying things feel comfortable look important paying high price abundance clothes statistics tell american families spend ten percent income clothing personal care women spend beginning century reverse reason changing trend exodus women home kitchen jobs adult american women employed home today women likely clothing leisure activities fashion personal taste wear jacket slacks office evening women wear dress slacks outfits play choose change figures tell broad trends spending don tell individual families families feel dressed look important couldn care family spends clothes depend important family feels clothes
experienced travelers art pack suitcase correctly spending weekend friend going college need pack suitcase clothes ready wear soon arrive destination simple plan carefully follow guidelines travel light rule luggage carry times means amazed suitcase pack carefully plan travel wardrobe minimum number clothes serve purposes sweater worn casual slacks outfit party clothes tennis outfit don things expect wear consider season activities clothes travel knits wash wear clothes dark clothes prints pack care takes practice learn pack pro pack things need top going arrive late night handy nightclothes top pack suitcase full clothes won slide corners spaces filled underwear socks small articles tucked spaces corners don stuff bag hinges locks strained sit suitcase close break traveling put heavy items bottom hinges stand bag rest hinges
book study earth science ocean air atmosphere learn wonders air pressure weathermen oceans study find scuba divers biologists frogmen geologists team share secrets deep pacific ocean blue caribbean sea wild atlantic ocean refresh memories learned spaceman circling earth spaceship look earth huge ball sphere spins space top quarter surface earth land masses land form continents quarters surface earth covered water bays seas oceans solid part earth surface called lithosphere water surface called hydrosphere surrounding earth land water blanket air called atmosphere earth formed look chart fig called line shows earth scientists believe large mass gas dust formed sun smaller bodies planets planets cooled contracted grew smaller heated energy billion ago planets earth earth planets spin tops rotate axes
air mixture gases elements compounds mixed gases particles dust smoke water chart reviews approximate composition air approximate mixtures changing composition later atmosphere fluid ocean archimedes laws floating act air exactly ocean balloons filled gases lighter air helium displace air volume balloon force air pushes upward balloon moves upward reaches level displaces weight air equal weight floats balloon floats say buoyant light energy sun stars passes atmosphere earth pull gravity goes air magnets attract metals air atmosphere controls passage energy waves ultraviolet rays rays cosmic rays radio waves answer atmosphere course mountain climbers pilots astronauts high collected information atmosphere unmanned balloons instruments aloft instruments return scientists read results stay home gas observed light sun instrument called spectroscope gas seen earth later gas called helium discovered wells oil fields texas
sea level air pressure barometer reading inches air dense molecules pressure greater air dense fewer molecules pressure reduced remove molecules air pressure reduced vacuum squeezed air called compressed air air compressed produce pressure greater compressed course air pressure terrific power compressed air let seen compressed air times common sight gas station checking air pressure tires tire tubes filled air reach pressures pounds tire blown car ride soft cushion air absorb shocks tires bumps submarine brought surface commander orders compressed air force water ballast tanks seen sign backs trucks danger air brakes giant trucks carry tanks compressed air operate brakes quickly sign warning drivers stay close buses subway cars compressed air open shut doors hiss hear release air heard sound heavy doors doors slamming door check compressed air pictures show jobs compressed air explain modern planes fly high altitude pressurize cabins
scope economics glance table contents book thumb pages minutes aspects kinds problems look economics big subject subject significant connection banking labor unions international trade farm problem book reserved advanced study deal aspect mankind challenge resources limited satisfy fully human wants unlimited call challenge problem economizing number kind human wants endless course person desire thing satisfied fully brown belts ice cream sodas tooth extractions desires forever wish things quality housing want countless types products services impossible imagine woman child material things services leisure pleasant activity aware desiring experience shows wants develop end sight older wants satisfied types things laboratories consumers nudged advertising find demands earlier recognized families groups churches clubs societies wants desires added individual combine total impossible measure conceive
price familiar term purposes define simply chapter goes important subject prices interest prices general level prices subject deal later chapter price amount money service exchanges offered sale exchange takes place buyer seller expect benefit buyer prefers article money represented price seller prefers money hopes put situation economically exchanging price desirable expressed dollars cents basis price things worth friendship integrity valued terms money priceless price system things price exchanges place price prices lamb chops haircuts wage rates truck drivers interest rates home loans important relationships prices consumers concerned price lamb compares prices meats relationship influences quantity lamb consumers demand concerned price lamb relates costs sheep raising suppose price received farmers cover costs feed farm labor expensive lamb prices fallen farmers stop raising sheep cut production reducing quantity lamb producers supply
national income combined income country resulting payments received production goods services items national income shown table look separately understand adding items gross national product try count yearly income person include salary dividends corporation stock interest savings account rent property owns items counted proper category payments included part national income services factor production primarily labor land capital allowance received child counted pay received newsboy business profits car dealer included renders service conducting transactions money individual receives sale car counted income proceeds sale asset compensation employees makes cent income actual percentage differs item covers gross wages salaries tax deduction employees businesses governmental agency church employer includes salary bonuses paid president corporation tips waitress salesman commission housewife pays cleaning woman proprietors income notice includes incomes persons business owners retail stores businesses professional persons farmers
chief problems businessmen getting capital funds pay capital goods finance wage payments operating costs advantage corporate form company try capital funds dozens tens thousands involved management millions americans supply savings corporations purchasing corporation bonds lenders choose part owners business buy corporation stock prospect economic gain leads public buy corporation stock gain ways dividends increase market price shares stock corporation earns profit board directors votes pay part profit form dividends dividends declared annually semiannually quarterly set cents dollars cents share stock occasionally dividends declared stock giving stock dividend tenth share share owned prompts management retain part profits answer money needed reduce debt expansion saw page high proportion business capital comes retained earnings owner gain profits company distributed dividends reasonably expect market price stock rise managers funds wishes cash gain sell shares
opposite extreme laissez faire government direction large portions economy wars war korea country moved considerable distance direction government officials determine productive resources government edicts ban limit production goods decreeing labor materials produce prices fixed effect production consumption consumer goods rationed private facilities government results essentially desired meeting emergency turn bad mistakes times history theories advocating extensive governmental control advanced prevailing theory europe industrial revolution mercantilism mercantilists wanted increase national wealth military power assisting manufacturing export industries shipbuilding limiting imports establishing colonies government officials encouraged monopolies granting exclusive privileges individuals business concerns rise factory system late eighteenth century brought gradual rise living standards accompanying benefit number disturbing developments writers expressed alarm sight independent craftsmen hired workers crowding cities periodic business depressions tax tariff restrictions cut food imports living costs higher growing wealth power capitalists writers began advocate governmental ownership means production hope improve workers generally governmental ownership key point socialism socialism comes shapes sizes chapter communists advocate complete governmental ownership capital natural resources
laws workmen compensation general laws require employers provide insurance workers loss due injuries occupational disease accidental death effect recover compensation worker sue employer prove negligence part known fellow servant rule worker recover compensation lost due injuries received carelessness fellow worker today employee injured working job entitled compensation longer sue employer killed survivors likewise entitled benefits payments fund employers contribute approved private companies employer permitted carry insurance law establishes maximum minimum payments enumerates benefits variations wide gaps remain benefit amounts generally risen proportion wages living costs congress passed fair labor standards act known wage hour law set minimum wage cents hour employees related production handling goods interstate commerce agriculture retail trade businesses specifically exempted later national minimum wage raised cents covered workers law set hours standard workweek provided payment overtime compensation rate half times regular rate hours hours week
let scientist look situation call professor scientist nearby university personal interest case knows connected heard news reports actually interest crime mechanics detection prevention case intrigues difficulty research projects complains workers clear cut yes answer case crime strikes similar problem longer thinks similarities sees scientist jury trying find truth things directly jury crime committed hear witness saw scientist indirect information trying understand mysteries nature gravity matter nature rely circumstantial evidence clear mind worries caused professor decides apply scientific techniques problem suspect guilt innocence describes case workers remarks interesting problem professor step ask general theories apply case theories broad sets guidelines explain situations events predict future information public professor finds theories choose
learned materials changed volume heated cooled going learn heating cooling change materials water liquid materials water exist states ice solid water water vapor gas water heated cooled ice brought warm room put glass water ice melts words solid liquid water exist ice temperature surroundings warmer ice melts materials change solids liquids heated materials liquid seldom heated melt temperature solid liquid called melting point table page melting points common materials materials melt definite temperature change suddenly cold butter hard warmed softens finally liquid temperature high glass material softens heated glass easily shaped liquid materials change solids cooled temperature liquid solid called freezing point liquid water freezes forms ice freezing point material exist solid liquid
learned chemists discovered named million materials give chemist sample materials find person chemist recognize common materials hands piece clean copper piece clean aluminum tell copper reddish color aluminum silvery color recognize material observing characteristics notice solid liquid gas ordinary temperatures notice color density kind surface characteristics scientist talks materials word properties characteristics properties color density texture called physical properties boiling point freezing point material physical properties physical property conditions density water temperature density pure water temperature properties material conditions properties determine material realize properties identify material properties need considered materials chemical properties tell material chemical properties physical properties tell chemical properties material observing physical properties ordinary paper asbestos paper physical properties solids
living cell body food stay alive food cell blood carries food parts body food blood cells dissolved water dissolves kinds materials liquid materials water dissolve water drink dissolves foods body change food eat compounds dissolve water reason food eat changed compounds food compounds cells changed ordinary cane beet sugar dissolves water cells changed simpler kind sugar glucose compounds changed similar compounds energy materials changed compounds cells food ready body say digested digestion process chemically changing food dissolving body chemicals change food body organs called digestive glands give chemicals mixed water mixtures called digestive juices juices help digest kinds food starch kind food body changed unit learned water dissolve starch starch blood cells
pictures page show main parts digestive system tube feet goes mouth lower end body food tube alimentary canal coiled abdomen alimentary canal lined cells give slippery material called mucus mucus lubricates food tube materials pass easily mouth food chewed mixed saliva digestive juice salivary glands connected mouth tubes ducts food swallowed goes mouth passageway called pharynx gullet esophagus circular muscles working automatically walls esophagus wavelike motions push food motions called peristalsis muscles food contract food relax peristalsis pushes food stomach stomach pear shaped part alimentary canal holds pints lining stomach millions tiny pitlike gastric glands give digestive juice called gastric juice automatic contractions relaxations muscles stomach wall break food tinier bits mix food gastric juice pulpy half liquid mass hours eating food emptied stomach small intestine inch diameter small intestine feet connected upper part small intestine ducts liver pancreas liver bile pancreas pancreatic juice
body condition proper foods plenty fresh air reasonable amount exercise rest body needs food fresh air exercise strengthens firms muscles helps circulatory respiratory systems working order experiment find exercise affects rate heartbeat breathing skeletal muscles active usual food oxygen carried cells materials carried heart beats faster blood circulates rapidly body breathe faster lungs oxygen give carbon dioxide lungs hold gallon air ordinarily breathe pint air exercise makes breathe deeply alveoli lungs vigorous exercise feel tired light exercise exercise feel tired activities going inside body heart muscles breathing muscles working steadily muscles moving food stomach intestines holding body positions body growing repairing building cells making compounds working properly need rest sleep let body recover daily activities rest minutes middle help remainder
stated earlier scientists solve problem exactly general approach problem defining problem clearly observations form hypothesis explain observations hypothesis explain observations comes important part problem solving hypothesis tested testing setting situation conditions affect outcome observed measured carefully observed situation called experiment careful records methods data collected experiment repeated wish check results outcome experiment expected person experiment confidence hypothesis remember experiment prove hypothesis experiments say experiment attempt show hypothesis correct hypothesis shown wrong thought workable hypothesis theory think silly nillies game logical orderly try find secret scientific method problem stated supposed find silly nillies advantage scientist step solving problem define problem clearly game clue nillies apples plums fact observation known true
history viewed problem survival human species seriously viewed today think earth giant spaceship spaceship earth term began widely suppose earth spaceship limited resources food energy space suppose population growth continues malthus predicted geometrically increasing rate conditions person share resources steadily human misery suffering increase greatly population growth continues unchecked argue resources limited limits need worry kind technology discovered solve problems caused population growth technology comes behave writer compared nations lifeboats noted thirds desperately poor comparatively rich rich nation likened lifeboat nearly full comparatively rich poor crowded lifeboats poor continually crowded lifeboats swim water hoping rich lifeboat helped rich lifeboat writer sees central problem passengers rich lifeboat suppose rich lifeboat boat hold persons swimming boat asking aboard helped
order grow reproduce earliest cells able energy hypothesis concerning early cells reasonable answer question cells food needed energy water lived food water special methods needed food course situation couldn forever sooner later food run happened cells die suppose cells need food material live suppose taking directly environment cells die suppose cells need taking directly able materials change cells able stay alive environment scientists believe cells form contained kinds materials able energy giving food needed cells form guess cells ancestors assume early food making cells similar food making cells today oxygen released cells food free oxygen atmosphere result food making cells oxygen important part atmosphere oxygen air conditions earth changed cells form oparin suggested cells formed living things arise living things
bacteria typical monerans characteristics shared members kingdom monera celled organisms small cells nucleus studied celled organisms protists looked protists microscope small protist euglena huge compared bacterium euglena millimeter small eye microscope magnifies times euglena fairly bacteria millimeter diameter magnified times seen tiny small size bacteria differ protists living things major difference cells bacteria true nucleus bacterial cell minerals found nuclei cells living things bacteria materials spread cytoplasm separated rest cell membrane true nucleus plants kinds protists bacteria cell wall cell wall bacterium shape cell wall bacteria kinds matter cell walls plants protists bacteria chapter scientists classified blue green algae kinds algae protist kingdom plant kingdom learned blue green algae algae
green algae belong large phylum called chlorophyta green algae live fresh water kinds live snowbanks live damp soil rocks tree bark live seawater differences structure green algae protists chlamydomonas chlorella live separate cells chlamydomonas red eyespot light sensitive spot flagella chlorella eyespot flagella chlamydomonas chlorella large chloroplast cell wall species chlorella shaped chloroplast species chlamydomonas cup shaped chloroplast kind green algae pleurococcus grows damp soil tree bark found separate cells group cells known colony cells colony thin sheet cells spreading directions single cell round cells joined cell walls flat cell cup shaped chloroplast green algae colonial forms volvox flagella volvox colony looks hollow green ball flagella colony move water result volvox colony appears roll water ball rolls ground individual cells colony look chlamydomonas cells green algae filamentous chainlike forms consider algae celled plantlike forms belong plant kingdom protist kingdom book algae considered protists cells chainlike forms flagella
algalike fungi fact kinds algae reproduce chapter looked fungi black bread mold mold algalike fungi live water group cytoplasm hyphae separated cross walls hypha nuclei hyphas bread mold grow surface bread called stolons stolons touch bread form group tiny rootlike structures called rhizoids rhizoids hyphae grow bread releasing enzymes digest bread nutrients bread pass walls rhizoids spot rhizoids grow downward hyphae called sporangiophores grow upward upper end sporangiophore spore case begins grow starts swelling nuclei flow form spores develop spore case case breaks open spores freed carried air falling surface spore falls bread food begin grow form hyphae bread mold reproduces sexually conjugation hyphae look alike kinds hyphae minus hyphae kinds hyphae side branch grows tips branches touch cross wall forms branch separates tips cells serve sex cells gametes soon wall separating gametes breaks cells join form zygote
poetry things teach delight explain entertain move tears action marseillaise poem inspired frenchmen revolution thirty days hath september reminds days month single theory poetry cover cases poetry language things poetry tell story earliest times satisfied need preserve past record things happened making stories call human impulse history rhythmical speech easier remember ordinary speech histories poems passed generation generation bible history poem homer illiad odyssey beowulf anonymous ballads sir patrick spence later writers responding human need early models materials milton took history paradise lost book genesis method classical epics coleridge put rime ancient mariner form ballad storytelling powers traditional forms remain alive ballad vigorous twentieth century poems tell stories story simply record choice change live conscious preoccupied effects events lives happened happen constant human questions storytelling inevitable part lives
learn principles design plan design projects woodworking give personal touch design selected learn careful planning design workmanship combine produce object beauty helpful study contemporary design today living live age speed jet planes beautiful streamlined motor cars majestic buildings glass low rambling lighted ranch type homes environment suggests type furniture simple beautiful simplicity proportion utility lightness appearance sturdiness combine contemporary design household furnishings lasting beauty call contemporary design tomorrow design today design manufactured wood materials beauty strength combined traditional solid woods produce easy attractive variations furniture designs present plywoods examples manufactured wood materials tend simplify design enhance beauty modern furniture unit developments past variations attractive designs present designer today utilizes principles balance simple straight curved lines improved construction finishing materials create attractive designs modern furniture dining table chairs shown fig attractive beautifully designed contemporary pieces furniture simple design durably constructed finished current furniture shows definite trend today design sofa coffee occasional table shown fig excellent natural beauty charm wood surfaces simple pieces economical materials practical pleasing
step working wood tree finished article offers job opportunities level ability possess develop occupational opportunities numerous keeping training schooling elementary grades find suited abilities experiences considerable physical strength asset logging lumber industry positions challenge knowledge skill high school college graduates scientists wages salaries proportion training abilities individual jobs require training lower wages paid jobs involved loggging process handling lumber making boxes crates wages paid vary communities jobs willingness trained eventually pay big dividends increased income period earning large number highly skilled occupations changing lumber finished articles highly skilled worker requires considerable training common labor carpenter builds houses highly skilled person builds cabinets furniture refrigerators training shop mathematics english science social science essential highly skilled worker course subjects job danger displaced methods job training school enables study understand able adjust situations
handsaw doubt surprised ease operates especially true developed skill sawing start found hard push tendency caught pushed downward wood learning bear force saw found operated easily handsaws kinds crosscut ripsaws examine fig observe shape crosscut ripsaw teeth tooth filled sharp cutting edge crosscut saw filed angle sides teeth sharp knife ripsaw filed straight points teeth series chisels crosscut saws cut grain ripsaws cut grain board important steel saws teeth soon dull break saws high grade steel slightly higher price steel hard hard filed grade saws easily distinguished clear tones produce held handle tapped lightly knuckles hand saws vary length inches small crosscut saw called panel saw varies inches length saw technically generally called handsaw crosscut inches ripsaw inches length saw teeth coarse fine according size number points inch fig point inch teeth
jack plane purpose plane place planes deal rough planing smoothing surfaces edges ends squaring stock true dimensions learn adjust assemble plane adjust assemble type plane fig shows cross section typical plane smooth plane junior jack plane jointer plane similar standing jack plane size smooth plane shortest ten inches length fig junior jack plane size eleven half inches fig jack plane larger length approximately fourteen inches fig jointer plane largest twenty inches length jointers frequently longer fig block plane fig smallest planes inches length plane beds originally wood block plane single small block wood called block plane block plane essentially hand plane designed fit palm hand hollows sides thumb fingers single plane iron set low angle bevel block plane adjusted manner planes block planes lateral adjusters block plane plane end grain carpenter carries block plane pocket fitting mouldings cornices window trims end joints attempt dull tool
principal try square test stock squareness test surfaces trueness square lines stock test squareness assembling combination square level fig tool types woodworking grooved steel blade graduated thirty seconds inch handle fitted spirit level glass combination square level straightedge marking gauge try square level square place try square testing laying select broad surface examine board wind twist sighting surface high corners mark high corners verify turning board bench rocking high corners determine direction grain edge face board plane grain arrowhead fig shows direction plane place end board planing bench stop adust jack plane thin shaving grasp handle hand knob left hand brace feet firmly left foot ahead fig starting stroke bear knob front end plane plane board bear equally knob handle plane begins pass board relieve pressure knob fig procedure result true surface effect wrong procedure shown fig
sharp tools woodworking pleasure dull tools woodworking displeasing lead accidents poor sharpen tool especially anxious saved effectiveness sharp tool learn sharpen tools quickly maintain keen edge examine edge tool sharp edge dull white surface show cutting edge cutting edge square side blade tested try square remove nicks straighten cutting edge placing carefully grinder fig test squareness try square grinding special tool holder provided hold tool firmly thumb index finger hand fig tool holder provided grinder fig lay tool tool rest fig permitting tool contact grinder gradually check position tool tool rest obtain proper level probable existing bevel plane bits chisels degree angle bevel times thickness blade exert light pressure slide tool left face grinder shown fig tool removed stone dip water care replace grinder bevel
planet earth home mothered fed molded mind body ways product earth spent million existence mere product influenced earth gradually learned act independently earth exercise control looked earth dreamed worlds space today taking preliminary steps leave earth explore planets relations physical means simple actions explained entirely determined geographic influences geographic influences played important role history question consider manner extent influenced planet lives words history influenced geography planet earth look illustrations effects geography accidental earliest civilizations developed river valleys tigris euphrates nile indus hwang ho yellow explanation found geographic conditions prevailing areas early civilizations based agriculture industry soil river valleys fertile climate warm accidental powerful countries today united states soviet union china india likely rise top
according latest estimates direct ancestors living earth million unimaginably period recent newcomer proportionate length existence shown line drawing page planet billion billion ago form appearance form consisted single celled creatures amoebas gradually complex forms evolve primitive early organisms jellyfish primitive fish appeared million ago million ago living things passed sea land developed rapidly million dinosaurs giant reptiles roaming earth finally million ago mammals appeared million later million ago appeared scientists call early hominidae hominids distinct types discovered oldest zinjanthropus australopithecine homo habilis discovered archaeologist louis leakey olduvai gorge tanzania hominids despite living area ago zinjanthropus develop died homo habilis contrast ancestor later hominids collectively known homo erectus examples homo erectus include java peking heidelberg named region fossil remains found major step evolution ancestors appearance neanderthal remains found german valley
romans started small city central italy steadily expanded mediterranean roman lake roman empire differed earlier persian alexandrine empires included northwestern europe middle east extend mediterranean coastline interior ruled parthians sassanians roman empire gradually reduced barbarian intrusions fourth centuries historians intrusions resulting loss roman control vigor mark beginning medieval age barbarian invasions introduced classical age turning china find similar succession empires larger preceding finally entire east central asia rule classical period china ruled dynasties chou ch han noted earlier chou replaced china dynasty shang chou proved china longest lived dynasty lasting eighth century dynasty declined lost control country barbarians mongolian steppes repeatedly invaded country protection noble families arose took control provinces organized private armies fact families land soldiers chou emperor sort decentralized government known feudalism appeared europe thousand later powerful noble families ch succeeded chou dynasty ch dynasty lasted death founder
manner economic scientific revolutions developed stimulating factories increased number size vast quantities coal minerals needed fill requirements raw materials led increase mining turn led discovery metals bismuth zinc cobalt devise techniques separating processing metals result science chemistry advanced scientists learned chemical processes involved mining applied fields today science advanced industry learns science opposite thomas edison electric light motion picture industries alexander graham bell telephone industry science tended advance spurts individual fields periods centuries major progress physics mathematics century important progress chemistry century sweeping progress fields including biology geology medicine psychology influential scientific century english naturalist charles darwin published famous origin species setting theory evolution holds animal vegetable species present innumerable forms created thousand ago products gradual evolution going cell appeared planet millions ago theory naturally created furor scientists supported churchmen attacked challenge biblical teaching
triumph nationalism europe seen clearly comparing map continent war multinational empires germany austria hungary disappeared war russia lost subject nationalities western frontier place empires appeared number countries poland czechoslovakia greatly enlarged romania yugoslavia consisted prewar serbia montenegro south slavic provinces austria hungary countries established allies basis principle determination set originally president wilson fourteen points principle holds nationality set government choosing forced accept foreign rule principle single case europe war considerable number germans italy czechoslovakia poland considerable number hungarians czechoslovakia romania yugoslavia fact nationalities central eastern europe intermingled makes impossible draw frontiers leaving minorities side fewer minorities europe war principle determination closely europe past contrast determination completely europe allies colonies scattered globe extended principle determination colonies asking indians burmese wanted remain british rule asking indochinese wished continue french rule
entire globe profoundly affected europe british historian arnold toynbee written future historians say think greatest event twentieth century impact western civilization living societies say impact powerful pervasive turned lives victims upside inside affecting behavior outlook feelings beliefs individual women children intimate seen decline europe political economic military force europe longer rules globe century domination small region entirely unprecedented thousands prior beginning european expansion region globe comparatively contacts regions developed possibility region imposing remainder obvious reason continents oceans crossed changed europe experienced revolutions europeans expand dominate domination lasted centuries soon non european peoples learned secrets revolutions european mastery finished europe merely region ruling region globe sense returning earlier pattern organization past region independent dominated region
let look project big question room gift mother dad family maybe game build piece sports equipment doors project birds pet instructor students help decide find drawing project book magazine maybe design project instructor want build project design chosen students class decide vote project learned basic skills select design project let suppose decided note box shown fig able read drawing find answers questions fig size bottom big sides ends sides ends shape shop sketch re building project shop sketch needed design project needed project magazine book library materials note box pine cedar poplar plywood buy lumber yard
don expert start making shop woods learn lumber re thing learning buy lumber lumber yard save money lumber expensive won want waste things lumber comes trees call wood fig wood hard substance bark trees shrubs look piece wood microscope narrow tubes tube small hair head tubes wood fibers grow straight makes wood straight grained looking fig easier cut grain cut grain cut packed fibers tree trunk cut lengthwise lumber fibers cut angle makes grain surface look fig lumber classified softwood hardwood softwoods evergreen needle bearing trees fig common softwoods pine cedar fir redwood hardwoods broad trees shed leaves fall fig birch maple oak walnut cherry poplar mahogany soon find terms don tell hard wood softwoods actually harder hardwoods hardwoods cost softwoods unit boards cut logs major ways cheapest economical called plain sawed hardwood tree flat grained softwood tree
build project drawing blueprint fig drawing tell big part material shape part parts design shows finished article look guessing drawing read drawing guide tells need project drawing sketching review look book drawings working view drawings views project fig common views front top side end drawings found magazines pictorial drawings common isometric equalangle cabinet drawings fig fig notice drawings show project look completed size shape part perspective drawing fig woodworking drawings differ drawing project partly view drawing partly pictorial drawing view drawings views correctly side end view front view find drawings exploded views kind shows part clearly parts fit lines show shape part fig
plane special tool blade smoothing removing wood shavings modern plane developed chisel plane chisel held block metal controlled cut tool lot fig takes patience learn adjust correctly skill needed sharpen cutting tool correctly plane works blade sharp adjusted correctly smooth surface jack plane jack trades common plane inches inch blade ideal rough surfaces require heavier chip obtaining smooth flat surface fig slightly narrower shorter plane junior jack plane inches inch blade smooth plane inches smaller plane general home fig force plane longer inches plane surfaces edges fig largest plane called jointer plane inches carpenters planing boards edges doors plane complicated hand tool learn major parts adjust let look hand plane fig main part called body bed wide flat called bottom
check stock choose largest surfaces check board things warp board warped cupped side concave dished side convex rounded outward pencil mark high spots planed fig wind board wind twists length check placing board sticks board sighting place board flat surface wind rock corners fig grain direction decide direction grain plane grain planing grain roughens wood fig difficult grain direction rough board clamp held securely ways place bench stop hole bench place bench end grain centered slip begin plane fig clamp bench stop vise dog place board fastened end bench fig stand feet left foot forward side bench lefthanded persons reverse procedure hold knob firmly left hand handle place toe plane end board push knob start stroke plane comes board apply equal pressure knob handle
rough lumber building construction repair small articles lumber surfaced sides lumber planed surface plywood plane edges edges plywood times plane surfaces edge cutting design cases ends don show surfaces edges planed ends cut length saw times completely square stock top stool small table squaring stock woodworker learn steps tools jack smooth plane fore plane block plane try square rule pencil marking gage straightedge plane face surface true smooth fig plane face edge mark face surface edge plane end measure correct length mark line face surface end saw cut inch longer finished length plane end correct length plane correct width board narrow adjust marking gage correct width mark line face surface surface methods gaging unit board wide mark width points straightedge draw line showing width saw inch layout line
electricity home buildings play school means transportation communication fact electricity heart beats move muscle think walk floor rub object electrons rug object disturbed collected unbalance normal charge electricity objects say electricity produced sparks jump spark collection electrons showing haste rush balanced later electricity decades learned today electricity commonplace air breathe learn electricity daily tremendous power electricity controlled electrical machines appliances found typical home operate care safely learn fields electricity women earn living compare interests abilities required success occupations decide enter occupation concerned electricity charts included chapter show preparation needed roads electrical fields lead high school schools colleges offering specialized courses high school continue explore interests abilities electricity genuine lasting sufficient success
easy answer question electricity simplest describe electricity say form energy learned effects produces controlled generally speaking types electricity static stationary electricity current electricity motion static electricity kind electricity mentioned history known kite experiment benjamin franklin static electricity generated friction friction shoes rug dry cold weather generate charge spark jump fingertip touch radiator person leather belt driving pulley drill press known generate sufficient static electricity draw unprotected hair woman operator pulley blown flour mills igniting dust interfered radio reception stopped printing presses pulling printed sheets wrong places knocked bridge toll collectors automobile passenger handed silver money demon lightning end trouble lightning strikes nearest conductor sky ground remember stormy weather open field mountain tree line standing boat ben franklin proved lightning static electricity generated moving molecules moisture clouds discharging clouds earthly object lightning rods erected buildings chimneys static charges directly ground pass structures static nuisance
effects flow electricity interesting suppose holding insulated wire hand return wire direct current circuit operating small motor light bell going wire insulation magnetic lines force found permanent magnet lines force feel hear current shut electrical conductor current flowing magnetic lines force fig shows lines iron filings arrange piece cardboard wire runs cell notice compasses show polarity places observe filings show greater attraction close wire magic lines force coil chapter ii magnetized needle coil insulated wire wrapped bar mild steel called core electromagnet ends coil attached direct current electromagnets commonly permanent magnets found telephones telegraphs radios doorbells relays motors fig shows huge electromagnet sufficiently strong pick steel highways powerful magnets lift scrap iron forms steel mind steel core inside electromagnet mild steel commonly called soft iron hard steel holds magnetism current turned mild steel loses magnetism current turned
inside sis hetta cabin night sticky hot cloying sweetish sickening smell cape jessamine honeysuckle magnolias clung heavily humid night air caline middle aged brown skin woman head crinkly brown hair tied knot neck imposing eyes unruffled air importance dignity house servants stood sickbed fanned sis hetta large palmetto fan caline knew hetta dying soon supper big house caline aunt sally cook big house couldn caline word tell em terreckly fanning sis hetta hot night left caline fanning thinking sis hetta young woman younger caline younguns fast breed caline children known maybe marster young girl started working big house maybe saltpeter anyway caline glad slaves children sold die till killed hetta dying big road liza grandpa tom barely discern distance drew nearer riding small child shoulders brother zeke breathed liza yeah grandpa tom took pipe mouth spat sis hetta child marster zeke riding shoulder
flee bird mountain vyry singing favorite hymn ten age alto voice timid small promised rich dark aunt sally valley fill song bare feet moved swiftly baptist hill heart clamored morning faded blue linsey dress look ragamuffin sandy hair wrapped tightly rags hand held feed bucket chickens stood hill watched sunrise saw ribbons mist hanging valley marse john plantation sweep rich green fields trees land dotted cabins houses barns farm buildings eyes favorite spot early morning wished going place wished fields ended wagon road winding central georgia railroad puffing tiny black fly speck tracks free bird free mourning doves wing circling high overhead sky racing marse john plantation squawking chickens wonderful winging golden morning aunt sally voice calling morning chores picking chips feeding chickens finding setting dominicker hen drawing water brushing backyard fetching butter milk cream springhouse brushing flies breakfast table washing dishes waiting miss lillian
vyry delighted going rising glory baptist church hear brother ezekiel preach god hebrew children moses going set free understand troubled look aunt sally face hurry walk fast left marse john plantation deep woods secret meeting place swamps vyry tired felt drop nearly tired aunt sally laughing talking pleasantly usual muttering ignoring vyry questions reached place vyry knew ordinary sunday meeting aunt sally sam big boy slaves knew marse john nearby plantation strangers including white free black village papers reading explaining slaves gathered vyry pay attention understand papers saying upset remembered seeing slaves bank creek looked direction watching evidently listening sound guards patrolled nearby plantations worse hounds guards soon vyry discovered trouble aunt sally boy sam words grimes struck whip pulled gun
kevin slightly smaller hair auburn nose freckled blue eyes merry times unfathomable soft corners mouth curled cynical twist friend silently took measure opposite thoughts ran heads johnny spoke kevin macdougall surely figure hope mother love strong willed character judgement depth feeling say tenacity purpose woman belongs times king arthur spenser una noble lady mother adore inch proud haughty re lucky johnny mother died born say father colonel army hate military soldiers war kind thing love thing excited waiting appointment west point tell kevin couldn bear disappointed won don envy give books music lovely girl sister complete ask greater happiness gosh sweeet lillian suppose la mere worried sister dislike sure attracted sense mother dedicated slave approves
big missy supervising annual canning preserving jelly making breaking girl lucy place big house vyry soon discovered girl silly usual minded business tended cooking everytime big missy told girl grin giggle say yes missy yes vyry told liza forever showing missy teeths sick tired grinning bowing scraping big missy face nary speck reckon soon find everyday finished cooking fruit vegetables big missy girl pantry cupboards put jars cooled fastened shelves prepare big dose medicine girl put stupid girl understand vyry explain big missy say open mouth girl thrusting spoon full ipecac girl throat purred satisfaction girl girl girl grin say yes missy swallowed nasty stuff soon begin heaving eyes wall roll whites begin retching run door vomit big missy watch closely follow girl door spat days silly girl stomach end week weak sick begin crying big missy start ipecac
prayed promised aunt sally moses son slave say boy spitten image randall ware vyry black father milky white mother brown creamy brown promised color shelled walnuts pecans hair vyry sandy hair silky straight wet damp perspiration soaked rain water hung tendrils threatened curl randall ware hair black face blacker grew tightly head responding comb difficulty beard face thick tangly child hair crinkly darkest brown soft curly growing sparsely head grow tightly father silky mother soft brown skin black shoebutton eyes small wiry baby legs arms vyry help smiling frequent tears son father proud proud peacock spreading brilliant plumage barnyard proud feel pride slip hours clandestine dangerous boast son free randall ware free vyry longer shared hope buy freedom
today visited places order entry zhenya felt sad borka stood looking handsome anguished eyes catacombs dark clandestine passages led nook kissed visited fire escape borka climb roof merely stood let cut sad stuff borka idiots specific idiot sad parting laugh glad fact parting hour minute zhenya don want remember sad let tried brush melancholy home midnight watchwoman store door slumbering overturned box courtyard scattered story houses puppy chain rattled emitted halfhearted yelp deigning wake young left chain case don want leave going let leave borka think let asked zhenya unlocking door shuddered bit squeaked hinges mama coming lot declared borka dark room streetlight streamed narrow windows spreading floor yellow carpet runners zhenya lighted lamp pushed table divan
aware bitterness father invited mate voyage hawaii boat valerie thirty foot ketch keeping watch turn turn weathering half dozen squalls trip twenty days incident voyage stays mind bagged genoa poorly lashed broke loose slithered forward deck ocean turned valerie grappling range bag began sink inches clear water bag looked human body portion sail escaped took form face white terrifying seen person drown pray heaven watching sinking canvas bag gained respect sea understood blue water innocent sparkling playground destroy mercilessly arrived hawaii incident packed mckinley high school mother join month sixth school friends mckinley found brothers jim arthur loved sailing jim fifteen art younger invested savings hundred dollars sixteen foot aluminum lifeboat school lunch break meet secretively shade palm tree talk boat named hic reasons need lunch hour idea born sailing hic hawaiian island lanai
maybe creek bank deers night top head level counter top working put head look sky mommy minute measuring flour finished ready pay attention head tilted knew wait wait finished complicated things repeat half anyway asked wear heavy jacket getting cold heavy jacket wasn cold knew fear cruel season bright gold yellow days town put talisman clothes gulped whiskey hills hunt kill killed hill children hurt hard send play sound guns boy lonely school couldn indoors women tried leading house trails tracks woods calling explored turquoise jacket unmistakable unnatural color think button told cold
boys reformatory jacky strangest pondo pondoland big city blood closed reserved kind boy close companions enjoyed kind popularity nonetheless played magnificent game football gave freedom knew tailoring instructor worked months hundred boys free absconded allowed roam farm conscience absconded seventh occasion jacky sunday afternoon failed report clock days visiting boys temporarily transferred non european hospital wards african constable sitting guard jacky told constable boys asked speak jacky looked shamefacedly shot father shot breaking house father course jacky lost freedom magistrate returned reformatory main building tailor allowed return short asked tailoring instructor brought jacky story tell principal looked apologetically
brother george thirty dark haired handsome quiet father walked counter hello eyes puffy late afternoon sleep night shift month uncle panos don want lost lotta money married kids insurance business side worth plenty wish luck money mike thought shake heads lost put hands mouths tell greek tell uncle panos evil talk plain plain talk fun fun mike uncle panos raised shoulders leaned forward opened big hands front imploringly want care care mike looked restaurant window main street talked rapidly let tell care ago eat walking street cloudy felt restless looked saw mystery rain spring shower saw move slowly street coming thin silvery gliding hurting splitting late afternoon understand delicate touched gentleness didn ask return
julian woman called lady boys want julian don re sleeping moments later julian sat cot rose slowly center room yawned stretched demonstratively waking deep sleep dressed usual clothes didn surprise knew bed convenience sake pants climbed bed huh going julian murmured mellow voice gaze lost julian ask watch carried intention paying course sabina began woman till moment interested matter set plate peas floor stood tall impression sworn touched ceiling head took julian hair gave violent slaps face hide lady watch answer don swear god julian heathen don god vain shouted woman struck harder woman intervention surprising react felt couldn breathe legs trembled marcelo covered face hands blows struck hide watch woman persisted tell louse paperman going beat filthy tricks strap julian screamed denied kicked
days boat trip home chou thought understanding father known handle father disturbed youth outgrown young manhood disappointment chou dream reconciliation father imagined dialogues convert father keyed philosophical views father familiar grips fear meet father hoped summon courage lift door drape step threshold let engage conversation father study actually bookkeeping room domestic accounts servants books worth reading removed street robe rolled sleeves white silk undergarment elbows washing face hands porcelain basin dried face plain cotton cloth eyes bloodshot square jaw jutted strokes black mustache studied son attentively dinner set center table end blue cloth bound ledger abacus brushes inkstone father sat table rolled sleeves slight motion hand chou hurried forward pour tea holding cup respectfully hands chest level father took fastening top button underjacket gave collar pulls stand upright took cup head bent trifle acknowledge courtesy son shown
remember night met sheila supposed meet turned drinking feel sorry meself pubs shut mooching streets cafe looked casual move spotted gladys coffee urn pretty wasn comforting pleasant plump set shoulders tight bosom pushing pink bib apron wasn bit highly colored blondes think suddenly home farmer daughter home asked cup coffee swallowed passed cup refill saw looking hands mill bit pretty black palms rimu sap gladys re sawmiller tell didn sawmillers actually fencing contract didn say farmer began bit skite place southland going start improve settled talk book mood especially reckon sound pretty gladys night told blue water estuary rata blazing red edge christmas taste salt wind hear sea thumping sand hills
visit grandmother bathe dress formal gowns propitious hour carried green sedan bride house home red sedan held simple ceremony music grandmother room sick woman propped pillows receive chou parents stood bed stood uncles aunts cousins crowded room hushed sound dangling pearls bride headdress rustling stiff brocade heard kowtowed grandmother dinner drank rounds drinks cousins tottering helped bridal chamber sat red lacquered armchair red lacquered table thick red columnar candles burning candles night oil lamp bed symbols oil lamp kinds nuts symbolic prosperity red silk quilt spread bed bride wedding gown sat edge bed head bowed servant brought strong tea sobering fastened door chou drank cups tea sleep girl sat amidst blazing red room thing force chu wife choice understand persuaded held step proved gave family superficial grounds
evidence carelessly ignore completely run risk drawing unsound conclusion based faulty reasoning mistakes reasoning obstacles clear thinking examples common sarah concentrating days simple reason mind wandering subjects related job hand statement appears offer reason sarah concentrating closer look say sarah mind wandering saying sarah concentrating statement turns says sarah concentrating concentrating speaker makes statement appears give reasons answers actually repeats words known speaker guilty begging question referred arguing circles sarah concentrating days concerned sarah beautiful changing subject begging question quality sarah irrelevant question bringing attempt evade answer question wary statements repeat words known say experts say voicebox stereo systems won buy trusted voicebox products agree speaker conclusion evidence support speaker conclusion evidence suggests voicebox brand buy speaker ignores evidence arrives conclusion based personal feelings
clock sahib dinner today fateh chand wait finish meal soon khansama finished serving meal kitchen lifted curtain inside room flooded electric light floor covered carpet beautiful expensive fateh chand seen marriage sahib looked furious eyes permission fateh chand raised stick wanted file brought file finish meal show till sit meal maybe sahib stunned looked fateh chand expression half fear half anger realized desperate physically weak prepared return stone brick stone iron sahib afraid easy beat dog growl snarls lose determination exactly sahib felt knew fateh chand bear abuses kicks silently felt tough mood watching movements cat sahib resolution failed knew insulting word bring blow stick true dismiss true jail knew escape scandal trouble
saw movement fluttering movement fifty feet ledge thought young gull watched closely saw moved rabbit plump young rabbit raised knees surprise rabbit fifty feet face cliff big bird claw lose chased fox fell landed ledge climb rabbit thought head terrible thought eyes narrowed looked inch cliff ledge suppose fall wondered looking farther cruel black rocks waiting miss heart begun thump excitedly famous climb stood straight hands hips eyes bright rabbit left die skeleton bird scoop matt saved hero matt climbed cliffs smaller thought cliff highest island standing boat promontory didn course didn hear chug chug diesel engine loud boat going slowly negotiated channel rocks cluster bobbing buoys marked lobster pots tiller raised eyes saw figure boy cliff top
northern half earth stars rotate east west point sky called celestial northpole celestial refers object position sky star located directly celestial north pole move north star called polaris close celestial north pole nightly movement slight stars close celestial north pole move circular paths north star stars farther celestial pole seen observer earth part total path figure shows apparent movement stars streaks film exposure earth moves orbit sun portion nighttime sky visible earth appearance part figure arrangement stars constellations big dipper easily recognized careful observer discover larger pattern ancient greeks observed misty cloud streak extending sky part circle cloudy appearance called region sky milky field glasses binoculars modern stargazer milky actually millions distant stars give cloudy appearance observer views stars direction milky number stars area decreases dim light region milky spread evenly sky
picture star development classification correct observed stars classified belonging main sequence main sequence represents lengthy mature stage star observations support picture stars fit main sequence sun main sequence star apparently middle development small number stars classified red giants white dwarfs rare believed result faint light abundant main sequence stars stars develop unusual fit easily main classifications super giant stars larger red giants exact position overly large stars total scheme star development known space stars thin scattering gas dust thin fewer particles line sun nearest neighbor star light number molecules spoonful air earth surface spaces stars vast total amount gas dust large neighborhood sun galaxy space stars hold half matter stars spectrographic analysis gases starlight passes shows quarters hydrogen remaining quarter helium small amounts heavier elements places gases dust completely cut light stars
past mars earth warmer heavier atmosphere abundant liquid water mars early stages development eventually give thicker atmosphere warmer climate final answers questions past future unique planet exploration orbit mars farthest planet jupiter gap million km planet fill gap single large body space filled thousands smaller bodies known asteroids difficult find small size asteroids identified photographs figure total number asteroids discovered thousand estimated individual asteroid bodies discovered large km hundred km diameter remainder km diameter assumed masses rock mixed metal uneven look pieces jagged rock origin asteroids unknown theory proposes asteroids represent planet grew according theory early development solar system caused asteroids remain joining form large body theories propose asteroids pieces planets collided fragments planet broken gravitational forces
compared entire solar system earth smaller speck dust classroom insect crawling ground earth jungle pebbles fallen leaves grass blades twigs sorts giant barriers walked earth surface position insect earth ball shaped planet family planets moving sun unlike insect able carry mind picture model goes eyes senses tell recently models earth gave clues earth size shape position solar system humans began search earth model learned write earliest recorded ideas planet correctly describe size shape early greek teachers thought earth round early beginnings humans created models help describe features planet earth common models describe surface features earth called maps map visual model earth surface features ways maps accurately describe earth surface chapter natural ancient think home center known exist wandering tribes settled form communities nations thought centers entire area
sodium chloride difficult compound melt strong ionic bond ionic bonds attractions unlike charged particles bonds form substances require large amount heat energy melt liquid case substances substances composed molecules held strongly ions substance water unlike sodium chloride water separate molecules molecule formula representing hydrogen atoms sharing electrons oxygen atom electrons shared equal attractions oxygen larger number protons nucleus hydrogen oxygen attracts electrons slightly hydrogen means water molecule slight negative charge oxygen atom slight positive charge end molecule hydrogen atoms located water molecules attract oppositely charged ends figure heat lost attraction water molecules produce water solid form ice form definite crystal pattern heat added water molecules begin moving farther temperature ice melts liquid ice melts lower temperature sodium chloride water molecules held weaker forces strongly attracted ions salt weak attraction water molecules gas low temperature ordinary atmospheric pressure materials found earth liquids gases
suppose decide start rock collection easy collect rocks found forms colors organize collection rocks grouped color roughness smoothness mineral composition include rocks based formed rock pick collection small piece broken larger rock earth crust bodies rock formed ways scientists discovered careful study ways rocks produced figure group called igneous word igneous means fire igneous rocks formed cooling hardening hot melted molten rock earth crust rocks earth crust believed igneous igneous rocks surface earth conditions help break large masses small pieces produced wearing solid rock pieces called sediments sediments joined form solid rock rock sediments called sedimentary rock rocks formed calls changing igneous sedimentary rocks buried deep earth pressure hot heat pressure rock change form called metamorphic rock conditions deep earth produce metamorphic rock examining small piece rock carefully find signs tell large rock
earth planets solar system stars including sun nearest star belong huge disc shaped galaxy called milky milky billion stars diameter trillion miles light object traveling speed light miles cover trillion miles earth light trillion miles separate sun nearest star milky starship traveling speed light fly galaxy traveling speed million cover ocean empty space separates milky nearest galaxy neighboring galaxy billions islands galaxies separated billions oceans space clearly earth insignificant speck incredibly vast universe takes space noticeable tiny cork floating pacific ocean galaxies explanation favored scientists big bang theory according theory ten billion ago existed universe gigantic ball matter tightly packed ball contained matter radiation existing universe gradually pressure hot dense ball matter increased finally occured enormous explosion unimaginable force pieces matter flew outward directions eventually forming galaxies galaxies today ten billion later rushing fantastic speeds
southern greece city sparta spartans produced artists writers philosophers culture learning interest spartans warriors remembered courage battle spartans nation heroes excelling battle spartan gain respect admiration fellow citizens spartan war hero greatest loses winning glory city fellow citizens city mourns tomb children honored fair fame destroyed lies beneath earth immortal spartans put stress courage war early history conquered large number slaves helots assigned individual spartans labor farms spartans greatly outnumbered helots spartans lived constant fear helot revolt slaves held force spartans feel safe protect slave uprising defend sparta attack spartans turned land military camp helots spartan masters trained battle spartan purpose fight homeland boys appeared weak soldiers left die boys reached age military camps lived learning art war thirty toughened bodies learned act bravely times endure pain develop resourcefulness taught steal
wealthy romans lived elegant homes mansions marble columns courtyards gardens fountains furniture bronze rare woods inlaid ivory common lived story apartment houses built stores crowded small apartments poor faced usual problems slum dwellers crime fire filth upper class roman woman took charge household tasks household slaves enjoyed freedom women greece testify court property upper class romans high regard wives consulted regarding business matters expected wives charm guests witty conversation empire grew richer wealthy romans cherish luxuries east africa spices precious stones played large part trade india chinese silk prized luxuries africa caravans carrying gold ivory ostrich plumes wild animals black slaves crossed desert tropical africa roman ports mediterranean coast wealthy romans dressed fine silks wore gold ornaments jewels took lively interest literature art especially noteworthy costly banquets wealthy tried outdo offering elaborate unusual dishes reclining couches waited slaves entertained dancers acrobats musicians roman nobles dined night unusual dishes boiled ostrich sweet sauce roast parrot flamingo boiled dates sow udder stuffed salted sea urchins romans adopted greek drama major forms entertainment chariot races gladiatorial contests roman historian tacitus noted youths talked think passion gladiators horses conceived mother womb
dante alighieri earliest writers vernacular native language italian latin express thoughts later writers influenced development national languages honor beloved beatrice dante wrote finest love poetry literature divine comedy dante important outstanding expression religious beliefs attitudes middle ages masterpiece literature led consider dante greatest medieval poet divine comedy describes poet journey hell purgatory paradise middle ages believed christians christians disobeyed god condemned hell died saw hell place bottomless pits burning sand violent storms ice darkness fearful monsters agreed dante expression words written entrance hell lost leave hope ye enter medieval hell real terrible dante description cruel strange beast throats red eyes greasy black beard big belly paws armed nails monster clawed bit sinners tearing horned demons whips beating sinners cruelly snake bit sinner neck bitten spirit took fire burned ashes fell destroyed dust drew sinner process repeated hell ruled lucifer devil faces color bat wings
surface period century sixth century political disunity internal collapse decline influence confucian ideal uncertainty times led increased interest otherworldly teaching taoism hand closer relationships nomadic invaders exposed chinese influences ideas central asia missionaries merchants brought teachings mahayana buddhism page china soon popular buddhist monasteries established places refuge safety trouble end sixth century china reunited ang dynasty established ang power important dynasties china comparable han ang china leading military power borders extending south china central asia unity large area brought order encouraged trade exchange ideas india advances astronomy mathematics medicine chinese culture model societies especially japan korea foreign merchants missionaries ang capital resided china literacy increased development book printing outstanding lyric poetry written reflecting taoist appreciation nature emotion confucian desire orderly virtuous society arts chinese sculptures showed influence indian buddhism painters depicted beauty chinese landscape buddhist influence underwent decline confucianism reappeared basis government important cultural advances significant economic political developments ang subsequent sung soong dynasties
shona kingdoms counterparts north zambezi known called malawi pressures important late nineteenth century disruptive invasions set zulu movement warfare invaders important ndebele ngoni destroyed kingdoms existence centuries influences earlier indian ocean traders sailing coastal ports wanted gold ivory interior wanted slaves portuguese arrived coast early sixteenth century especially interested gold eighteenth century europeans seriously interested east african slave trade control trade routes interior strengthened mwene mutapa empire successor kingdoms south zambezi malawi kingdom north prized gold highly ivory portuguese involved trade lands south zambezi kongo angola meddled internal affairs mutapa aggravated unstable political situation shona dynasty capital zimbabwe portuguese involvement succession disputes problems speeded mutapa decline east african coast south cape guardafui port cities earliest days city states independent engaged indian ocean trade maintaining contact interior products exported population coast varied centuries probable earliest bushmanoid
live city tall buildings paved streets automobiles motion sun light heat night electricity lights streets homes live country fewer houses city fields growing plants earth city hidden payments electric motors pump water wells things earth things astronaut land moon find found earth things water plants rocks wood metals heat light electricity group examples matter look find examples matter chair sit pencil book examples matter food eat water drink air breathe examples matter living grow produce living things finally die nonliving things things light comes sun stars things table touched weighed stored true light comes fire sound thunder flash lightning light heat sun plants grow heat ice melt electricity lamps light motors run examples energy learn later kinds energy
suppose wanted find volume broken piece glass formula shapes find volume method graduate cylinder tall glass cylinder marks scratched marks ruler number mark tells number cubic inches cubic centimeters put water cylinder read water level put piece glass water water rise read water level glass displaced place water difference readings volume water displaced glass volume water displaced volume piece glass butcher sells meat pound sugar sold pound milk sold quart pound measures weight quart measures volume buy potatoes pound quart prefer buy peas amount solid measured weight volume solids weight convenient volume convenient farmer sells wheat bushel bushel unit volume give reason wheat sold bushel potatoes sold pound volume solids found formula volume solid formula found graduate cylinder scientists agreed metric system measurements unit length meter unit weight mass gram
look things classroom wood chalk paper cloth things seashore find sand stones water field country find grass soil living things thousands substances ago believed substances earth air fire water believed nature combined substances ways give substances scientists earth air fire water suppose wanted find substances rock knowing find answer break rock small pieces grind pieces fine powder examine powder powerful microscope find looking powder rock small drop water water big lake find substance breaking small pieces chemist find substance hammer heat electricity light find test tubes glass tubes scales kinds instruments keeps careful records repeats checks experiments times tools record water simple substance ancient thought water simpler substances
blackheads pimples acne common complexion problems especially teenage teenage complexion problems glands regulating growth maturity speeded speeding involves oil glands skin especially face result blackheads pimples blackheads clogged enlarged pores filled debris oil glands dirt form black plug treatment washing soap warm water vigorous towel massage cold water rinse treatment remove blackheads hot towel pressed skin enlarge pores blackheads squeezed gentle pressure applied edge pore blackhead extractor simple device buy drug store treatment application rubbing alcohol reduce chance infection pimple result invasion blackhead hair follicle type bacteria especially staphylococcus pimple comes head opens dries spreading pimple squeezed bacteria forced tissue spreading infection pimples numerous especially face neck refer condition acne condition common early middle teens clears later acne dangerous embarrassment conscious result vicious circle acne emotional upset doctors think leading acne
content living cells substances referred protoplasm activities protoplasm called irritability saying protoplasm sensitive things conditions responds irritability response basis behavior senses sight hearing taste touch smell show basic irritability carried high efficiency level nerves eyes brain respond light enabling protoplasm responds stimuli feel objects smell odors taste foods hear sounds things basic irritability protoplasm making cells higher floors building describing depend basic irritability reflex action irritability carried higher level nerve receives stimulus nerve transmits message called impulse nerve center nerve transmits impulse muscle response takes place earthworm reflex action put hook fishing wiggles hook irritates nerve endings worm skin send impulses nerve centers lower side worm impulses travel centers muscle layers muscles react worm wiggle instant skin touches hot pan impulse travels end nerve skin spinal cord nerves leading spinal cord muscles arm transfer impulse rapidly result quick jerk simple reflex process takes fraction
fear safeguards danger keys nervous system speeds heart increases flow blood sugar supplied muscles prepare body meet danger respond fight flee instinct fear alert defenses live childhood primitive fear baby protects realizes danger experience teaches types fear grow older careful crossing streets fear danger passing automobiles don swim deep water learned danger drowning associate events danger feel fear events confronts natural fear response meet danger threat small children instinctively startled noise clap thunder curious child mother explain thunder need fear electrical storms hold terror suppose mother afraid storms shows fears child influenced mother response child associate thunder danger child jittery lightning flashes claps thunder fill sky distrust introduced early age precautions locking doors night developed warnings don ride strangers don speak don experience teaches instilled fears parts training safety sure fears relate real dangers prejudices
mental health problem united states today consider facts draw conclusions estimated million united states suffering form mental illness person ten entire population national committee mental illness estimated percent children public schools emotionally disturbed maladjusted need form mental guidance half hospital beds united states occupied mental patients recent patients admitted mental hospitals psychiatric wards general hospitals hospitals mental emotional illness cancer heart disease diseases combined publication american medical association estimates percent patients family doctors suffering illness emotional nature physical considering mental illness important facts mind difficult distinguish mental illness physical illness physical illness result mental emotional disturbances discussed earlier psychosomatic disturbances ulcers high blood pressure neurodermatitis hives asthma migraine headache term mental illness difficult define includes forms emotional disturbances acute severe conditions classified neuroses psychoses generally include mental illnesses conditions involving behavioral disturbances mental illnesses avoided early symptoms warning signs medical help early stages prevent mental illness developing person family friends business associates notice warning signs unusual depression prolonged discouragement extreme melancholy fears abnormal suspicions hallucinations alcoholism forms defeating behavior
drugs manufactured general sold counter prescription drugs strictly labeled proper proper dosage caution improper doubt wise consult doctor drug dangerous improperly aspirin widely drugs harmful especially small children children die overdose aspirin drugs manufactured strict regulations tested approved side effects individuals predicted drugs habit forming user accustomed drug action continues real medical need develop sleeping pill habit hooked sedatives tranquilizers pep pills drug habituation emotional psychological drugs produce dependence body requires continuing supply drug drugs referred addicting cocaine narcotic drugs category dependence physical physiological psychological addicting drug period body develop tolerance occurs increased amounts drug satisfy body dependence physical dependence developed depriving body drug withdrawal sickness symptoms withdrawal sickness severe agonizing discuss addiction withdrawal problems later chapter connection narcotic drugs frequent drug abuse drugs producing abnormal sensory responses feelings emotional reactions thought patterns case medical application kind drug abuse indication personality weakness emotional mental illness
method dealing problem hospital therapy federal narcotics hospitals lexington kentucky fort worth texas provided treatment difficult withdrawal period hospitals doctor synthetic narcotic drug methadone heroin morphine substitute relieves violent physical reactions withdrawal period weeks months methadone dosage reduced patient overcomes physical narcotic dependence overcoming psychological dependence require longer patient geared phase treatment includes psychotherapy occupational therapy recreation group activities results hospital therapy programs discouraging discharged patients return narcotics unable overcome psychological dependence adjust federal laws regarding sale possession narcotics dangerous drugs provide severe penalties including large fines prison terms international agreements designed stop illegal drug traffic customs officials international airports ports entry search incoming baggage shipments closely illegal drugs officers line defense drug abuse spite laws agreements precautions international crime syndicates deal illegal drug traffic gigantic operations maintain illegal operations millions users market illegal drugs supply means brings problem directly individual chapter read effects drugs brain nervous system accompanying sensory distortions emotional upsets behavioral
skin color living cells deeper epidermis produce melanin skin pigment amount melanin chiefly determines skin color freckles small patches spots melanin melanin body natural protection sun exposed sun melanin production increases protect skin sun damage result skin tans cells bottom layer epidermis constantly reproducing cells divide older cells pushed slowly surface journey upward production keratin gradually increases keratin transparent waterproof proteinlike substance manufactured epidermal cells cells reach surface dead completely formed keratin water cells helps keratin layer moist soft making skin look smooth moisture lost keratin begins crumble cells break skin flaky epidermis skin problems show trouble begins skin level deep cut skin bleeding exercise perspiration form skin pinched quickly bounces reactions due function dermis middle skin layer dermis called true skin houses skin vital structures dense network blood vessels extends dermis nerves carry sensation touch pain pressure heat cold extend dermis papillae protein fibers run dermis giving skin strength elasticity kinds glands found dermis oil glands secrete sebum oil travels tiny ducts surface coats keratin layer epidermis sebum protective layer prevents loss moisture
learning begins days affecting behavior environment learned cry order communicate needs grew learned talk walk learned social customs attitudes beliefs school acquired knowledge skills broadened behavior traced past learning define learning learning permanent change behavior positive negative learning occurs result experience permanent experience key words definition behavior attributed learning physical growth development affect human actions temporary behavior due illness fatigue drug taking learning occurs basic functions brain perception memory association perception ability receive stimuli sight sound environment memory ability recall past experiences association ability draw conclusions past experiences relate impressions present situations wondered circus animals trained perform amazing tricks circus animal trained learning process called conditioning conditioning rewards punishments desired behavior response specific stimulus animal continually rewarded response respond stimulus repetition desired behavior behavior habit responses stimuli automatic human behavior shaped conditioning parent praise desired behavior behavior likely repeated praise instance acts reward reinforces behavior
experiences apprehension tension uneasiness situations feelings known anxiety anxiety special internal fear face times anxiety produces physical feelings basic fear safety anxiety stems source fear external danger identified feelings anxiety complex source hidden termed free floating anxiety anxiety produce emotional dangers loss love esteem source feelings unpleasant past experiences stored unconscious mind similar circumstances arise unpleasant experiences unconsciously recalled anxiety marked feelings helplessness victim feels escape active defense anxiety helpful channeled direction athlete anxiety race charge nervous system improve performance anxiety possibility passing subject study harder anxiety harmful interferes positive living phobias anxiety neuroses disorders studied chapter examples anxiety interfering normal experience anxiety learn handle anxiety constructive understanding reason condition deciding type positive action help ease tension anger emotional fire rages flares quickly soon burns situations feel angry feel angry refused family car permission stay late anger personal emotion
mental health problem united states today president commission mental health estimated percent population suffer mental emotional problems percent population million need form mental health services estimated children percent mental health problems including emotional disorders behavior disorders delays psychological development million children learning disabilities left untreated mental health consequences hospitals mental emotional illnesses disease understand depth mental health problem aware important facts difficult distinguish mental illness physical illness mental illness includes forms degrees emotional disturbances frequently patients receive help early symptoms facts sound discouraging point field mental health noted deal accomplished evident look history mental health problems history mental disorders begin fossil records show skulls stone age holes bored possibly release evil spirits believed evil spirits caused mental disorders middle ages superstition persisted mentally ill thought related devil possess supernatural powers caused harm remedy drive demons body burning beating starving methods torture
amphetamines widely illegally abused young stay awake cramming exams driving trips business midday lift false feeling confidence crash dieters find easy temporary appetite killers withdrawal heavy mental breakdowns suicidal depression incas sigmund freud sherlock holmes possibly common users cocaine history cocaine goes incas discovered powers coca leaves leaves cocaine chewed leaves energy strength believing gifts gods sigmund freud cocaine psychiatry recommended cure depression literature sherlock holmes famous fictional detective cocaine user today doctors cocaine local anesthetic operating ear nose throat applied numbs skin mucous membranes anesthetics replaced cocaine legal cocaine decreases illegal rise illegally drug sniffed snorted powdered form absorbed mucous membranes nose throat cocaine injected vein repeated cocaine damages nasal membranes increase heart rate percent dramatic heart action caused deaths cocaine high similar strong amphetamine high temporary feeling pleasure fatigue vanish appetite reduced effects cocaine wear user experiences feeling depression fear
picture alcoholic unkempt person torn ragged clothes sleeping public places lot learn alcoholism percent alcoholics fit description alcoholics mothers fathers business doctors laborers secretaries teachers students drinks susceptible alcoholism age intelligence profession wealth affect chances alcoholic alcoholism puzzling theories alcoholics psychological theories point personality problems social theories focus alcohol treated society culture biological theories attribute heredity chemical imbalance drinks alcoholic social drinkers enjoy drinking moderately social occasions simple category drinkers problem drinkers psychologically dependent alcohol drinking creates problems situations drink drive drink despite doctors orders problem drinkers necessarily alcoholic alcoholic control drinking alcoholic starts drinking unable stop alcoholics repeatedly drink socially accepted limits alcoholism complex progressive disease interferes drinker health personal ability families affected alcohol impossible estimate alcoholism hits core family mother alcoholic child neglect occur parents alcoholic chances child abuse increase experts agree child abuse percent reported child abuse cases involve alcohol misuse family wage earner alcoholic financial problems result
pencil eraser fastened metal holder book reading printed metal type machines metal building metal skeleton breakfast cooked metal pans alarm clock metal list end daily lives metals later chapters metals chosen jobs airplanes steel coffeepots silver tin solder tungsten light bulbs metals special physical chemical properties suited special job ancient tools stone history known stone age stone age began million ago ago stone wood materials knew surprised learn gold copper metals found metals found native metals uncombined elements ancient found ground ready metal discovery material hammered bent shaped evidence shows discovered copper ago someday visit holy land israel red sea copper mines operated king solomon ago ago egyptians discovered melted tin mixed melted copper kind metal formed call metal bronze
pick article metal shines aluminum coffee pot metal sleeve holding eraser pencil watch foil wrap sandwiches silver fork pennies dimes pocket shine property metals called luster silver fork copper penny look dull say tarnished tarnished penny buff polish soft cloth luster comes tarnish caused substances air learn later metals pulled atoms stay close property makes cables derricks elevators bridges called tensil strength simple test tensile strength metal hang wire metal strong hook ceiling lower end wire hang known weights lbs adding weights wire breaks wire breaks lbs tensile strength metal lbs thickness wire metal factories tensile strength measured special machine pulls ends wire dial scale tensile strength found copper gold discovered hammered pounded stones shapes shape jewelry dishes sheets property metals called malleability continued hammering metals shaped thin sheets modern plants metal heavy rollers rollers squeeze metal extremely thin sheets call foil aluminum foil kitchens
periodic table chemist tool learn read table correctly help understand behavior elements compounds form read chapter refer table pages elements periodic table arranged vertical columns called groups families family headed roman number elements arranged horizontally periods periods numbered elements table according atomic numbers element table hydrogen upper left hand corner atomic number hydrogen move left table atomic numbers elements higher element belongs period family find potassium table atomic number period family ia find silver ag atomic number period family ib table metal elements blue nonmetals yellow rare noble gases red course metals outnumber nonmetals period starts sodium na left move find magnesium mg aluminum al elements metals element silicon si act nonmetal metal period find phosphorus sulphur nonmetals element chlorine cl nonmetal gas argon ar element period noble gas
originally greek myths stories passed orally generation power stories remain vital thousand children clamor hear poets writers advertisers allude anthropologists sociologists clergymen psychiatrists historians teachers literature study answer questions found analysis nature myth scholars disciplines agree definition myth difficult finding needle haystack viewed myth perspective significance scholars myths simply imaginative product primitive mind sacred tales believed belonged tribe religion pure fantasy masquerading reality simply early form science fiction recently scholars discipline considered myths literal symbolic representations reality past present ways myths real meaningful humankind thousands merely fantasy secret language close society human beings discarded irrelevant trivial aware minoan civilization evident island crete period realize mind created myths sophisticated create story buildings indooor plumbing skylights written records system weights measures calendar based astronomical data game chess merely fantastic cultish myths treasure realities kaleidoscope depending age experience reader reflects illuminates experiences fantasies hopes fears
themis earth goddess prophet mother gaea taught mortal obey laws live peace sacrifice deathless gods mnemosyne originated reason memory applied names existing objects ideas themis mnemosyne rhea dione mothers famous children youngest shrewdest gaea thirteen titan children cronus helped mortals civilized introducing concept justice personal ambition terrified deathless gods cronus hated father uranus coveted uranus tremendous power clever hide true emotions uranus ruled titan children fear rebellion convinced permanently secured position power banishing hundred handed giants cyclopes care fate hundred handed cyclopes caused wife pain anguish care children hated powerful mattered gaea docile appeared beneath loving exterior seethed rage resolved free children underworld felt titan children support planned devious retaliation uranus cruelty created tool making stone flint shaped huge sickle finished approached titans encouraged revenge children began father evil courage means avenge wicked deeds gaea suggestion met silence children terrified father reply
river goddess styx child titans oceanus tethys children uncommitted immortals volunteer help zeus war titans return courage loyalty zeus rewarded styx special gift lord olympus commanded god swears sacred oath solemnly declare styx eternal waters styx river forms boundary underworld god defend word truth makes sacred promise send messenger goddess iris golden wings dark land hades golden pitcher collect icy waters river styx fall steep tall cliff return filled pitcher mount olympus arrival iris give pitcher god making oath proclaim oath pouring sacred water swearing pours lord olympus continued determined fixed intimidating punishment immortal breaks sacred word forced lie bed deep coma full deep sleep eat ambrosia drink nectar speak breathe face milder difficult punishment additional offending god completely ostracized immortals unable communicate tenth punishment cease permit rejoin immortals celebrations conferences
artemis lord olympus commanded lovely leo bring young daughter mount olympus goddess receive special gifts father arrived olympian zeus child knee asked presents lovely goddess replied give golden bow golden arrows giant cyclopes lightning bolts dress knee length tunic move easily hunt wild animals command sixty maiden daughters oceanus personal attendants finally give mountains earth sacred locations intend live cities interest fates decreed help women childbirth teach nourish young children visit cities women need aid zeus hugged daughter replied worth facing jealous hera anger child grant requests mortals thirty cities honor immortals mortals worship protector streets harbors olympian zeus summoned renowned lame smith hephaestus told artemis brontes giant cyclopes helped hephaestus hephaestus carried goddess workshop sat bravely cyclops lap commanded cyclopes golden bow golden arrows golden quiver hold
thirsty exhausted journey demeter straw thatched cottage decided beg drink water whomever lived housewife responded knock door gave demeter sweet barley water drink goddess appeared common beggar tangled hair muddy torn clothing disheveled guest leaned doorway quenching thirst boy named abas approached examined closely belligerent eyes overheard humble request anxious learn accepting family hospitality investigated stranger definitely unimpressed scornful grin lighted face watched beggar woman drink cup thirsty filthy creature greedy announced demeter burned rage insolence lowered cup lips stared abas noticed eyes impressed brightness fact anger brought color haggard face handsome woman simply dirty beggar effort conceal sneer examination produced finding easy read thoughts fill arrogance demeter flung remainder drink abas face amazement liquid burned drops splashed stared surprise strange guest noticed taller appeared began feel strange thought hurt stand upright comfortable lying
helmsman private ship began winds blew island chios moored ship spent night looking fresh water crew noticed dark haired young purple cape sitting shore looked prince thought bring price slave market seamen headed shore seized brought board ship half asleep drunk stand support intended chain matter method tried chains fell hands feet sitting deck smiling dark eyes returned water young clearly resembled god episode chains apparently confirmed evaluation asked crew capture mighty god look mortal tried enslave olympian zeus earthshaker shooter possibly anger punished foolishness return mainland listen captain crazy job pay attention direction wind sails leave rest force boy tell wealth family god immortals surely rich
earlier seen scientists study special part science scientists study living things studying biology scientists study laws matter studying chemistry scientists deal matter behaves studying physics scientists study geology learn earth scientists interested stars objects sky study astronomy course big field smaller branches scientists specialize study branch carefully studied heat energy magnetism electricity course studying physics popular singing group making recording hear record home physicist tell moving car shift gears forms colors rainbow sky rainbow drop oil pavement ray flesh clear bone sound trumpet sound drum fall forward subway car bike stops suddenly questions answer study physics answer begin physics branch science studies behavior matter energy applied physics takes answers physicists knew sound engineers inventors applied knowledge records engineers inventors laws physics practical physics study special problems arranged big groups
physicist important tools laboratory senses special instruments tools microscope ray camera spectroscope special tools precise measurements important words physicist describe things important talking table answers figures figures collects keeps careful record forget later figure mean draws graph figures asked lot math understand physics going study real scientist engineer answer yes physicist deal math citizen scientists answer understand simple arithmetic able understand lot physics physicist tools measurement answers questions physicist keeps careful records observations measurements collection numbers called data arranging numbers meaningful group statistics data statistics study physics suppose measure piece steel hot measure cold find length changed order draw conclusions measure length times temperatures wires kinds steel
larry wound alarm knobs clock set alarm clock tomorrow annual boat ride school paid volunteered marshal chances thought dropped sleep faintly heard mother sister going faintly heard father home night shift opened eyes felt strangely rested glanced clock read ten thirty boat playland larry turned clock realized forgotten pull alarm button alarm clock wheels turn mechanical alarm clock mainspring wind tight spring begins unwind begins turn wheels clock wheels motion mechanical energy larry wound alarm spring waiting happened spring unable release let energy energy hidden stored energy put spring clock larry arm muscles energy shoot piece paper put rubber band boy fingers energy stored waiting released stored energy called potential energy spring let rubber band let stored energy released energy motion energy movement called kinetic energy paragraph saw energy stored
learn lived writing surprisingly find deal researchers called anthropologists able discover things prehistoric times scientific methods rely guesses confident conclusions reach able tell important took place thousands ago able describe ways human beings spent lives anthropologists obtain information looking kinds remains prehistoric times bones early reconstruct size appearance women bones animals found human bones killed eaten tamed weapons tools utensils bones looking items anthropologists hunted things ate tools weapons called artifacts things human skill greatest number artifacts survived earliest times stone period human development called stone age anthropologists humanlike creatures appeared earth millions ago human progress slow earliest period human development called stone age paleolithic age word paleolithic comes greek words palaios meaning lithos meaning stone eastern part africa anthropologists discovered parts humanlike skeleton million examining bones found excavation site able guess creature looked
india rainfall entire comes months monsoon comes southwest critical monsoon late rainfall light crops lost starvation rain destructive floods result crops grown moisture important feature india climate heat heat entire coastal rim deccan excessive heat cruel force nature oppressive crushing furnace common indus ganges plain winter months december january february cool rest hot days row early june temperatures impressive civilization appeared india egypt sumer developed civilizations started river valley valley indus river knowledge early civilization incomplete numerous archeological findings rediscovery hundred ago radiocarbon dating remains accurate means dating span civilization existed early indus valley civilization seen remains cities harappa map opposite built remains earlier villages carefully laid according systematic plan harappa miracles city planning convenience cities alike plan
athens wealthy powerful artists teachers attracted city athenians active arts leaders fields cultural activity athens led period called golden age athenians showed love athens pride erecting beautiful buildings temples gymnasiums theaters decorated buildings public places finest works art especially sculpture athenians beautiful art part daily acropolis hill original polis located scene special artistic creations magnificent gate stood entrance path hill inside gate towered huge bronze statue goddess athena feet meters high special protectress city athens armed shield spear top acropolis stood parthenon temple honor goddess athena begun considered finest greek architecture beauty parthenon lay size pleasing proportions relation length width height greek ideal golden mean excess proportion end parthenon adorned sculptured figures greek sculpture figures painted bright colors series columns colonnade encircled building works sculpture stood columns temple doors windows greek temples shrines meeting places worshippers parthenon stood large statue athena surface carved ivory draperies gold decorated jewels
chinese invented gunpowder ang dynasty firecrackers warfare explosive guns greater invention chinese printing learned early ink paper step printing han dynasty chinese classics carved stone artisans copy writings carefully fitting damp paper stone inscription patting flat surface soot result white black picture original step seals metal wood inscription carved reverse seals large similar today block prints oldest printed book diamond sutra buddhist religious text printed china ang dynasty form roll sheets paper pasted carved blocks print words roll movable type separate characters rearranged freely form words sentences apparently china korea characters wood porcelain copper technique common china characters chinese language printers separate movable blocks represent reason chinese preferred blocks carved entire page text middle china population million peasants lived worked countryside
muslims excellent mathematicians perfected algebra science word algebra comes arabic words al meaning reunion broken parts muslim contribution mathematics introduction arabic numerals western read mathematicians india developed system arabs learned transmitted west arab scholars influential development geography science map making perfected observations travelers astronomical calculations arab geographical studies adapted hindu idea hemisphere center summit equally distant cardinal points north south east west theory known christopher columbus basis conclusion earth flat arab astronomers studied astrology influence stars lives thinkers asia europe studied astrology past continue centuries influenced arab writings latin translations arab astrological studies europeans contact muslim culture ways spain cities cordova toledo famous learning seville center art luxury christian jewish scholars brought muslim learning spain western europe point contact crusades efforts europeans recapture holy land muslims read crusades chapter palestine muslim regions crusaders learned muslim achievements took ideas greatly influenced european culture era muslim culture lasted
peasants manor serfs legal status free higher slave bound land leave lord permission price permission sum money afford serfs slaves sold land land granted lord serfs tenants free manor rented land lord group included skilled workers village economy millers blacksmiths carpenters villages priest provide spiritual needs workers daily hard hours spent working fields food poor consisting mainly coarse black bread cabbage vegetables cheese eggs beer plentiful northern europe wine grape growing regions south meat rarely eaten ordinary times assume live married late children support large family average expectancy protection disease alternative starvation harvests poor forties regarded younger society important prominent twenties bright child encouraged early age village priest spot intelligent boy arrange educated career church wider
kenya square kilometers square miles area roughly size texas snowcapped mountains oceans beaches beautiful game parks place popular countries tourists visiting africa major crops coffee tea cereals cotton sisal eighty percent labor force works agriculture mineral resources gold limestone kenya chief cities nairobi capital mombasa port kenya tanzania uganda speak swahili main language eastern africa fifty percent olds kenya attend school kenya ruled britain kenya won independence fighting british rule tanzania square kilometers square miles area size california land variety humid climate coastal region hot dry climate plains tanzania chief crops sisal cotton coffee tea tobacco eighty percent labor force works agriculture minerals include diamonds salt tin mica tanzania large lakes highest mountain africa mt kilimanjaro cities tanzania dar es salaam port capital dodoma tanzania percent olds attend school tanzania won independence britain uganda square kilometers square miles area size oregon uganda landlocked country rugged mountains abundant wildlife moderate climate abundant rainfall chief crops uganda include coffee tea peanuts tobacco sugar percent labor force works agriculture
algeria interesting country represent region northern africa largest size suffered country region struggle independence seen change recent generations ago algerians earned living farming keeping animals mediterranean north upland plateaus small farmers grew crops higher plateaus dryer south nomads moved animals seasonal routes algerian farmers herders rich poor learned live limits environment land provided food shelter security mid french changed living french army took control land gradually french farmers excellent farm land french deal wine algerian north perfect place grow grapes french farmers planted vineyards wine sold french wine dealers wine percent algeria exports going france algerians drink wine muslim belief forbids alcohol algerians muslims wine exporting arrangement worked french french farmers rich algerians hard vineyards require deal care workers trim vines tend weeding prepare fields planting vineyards expand pick grapes independence french farmers returned france algerian farmers took vineyards tried earn living producing wine
guinea bissau square kilometers square miles area roughly large jersey guinea important cities conakry capital labe north zerekore cities larger guinea bissau largest city capital bissau twenty percent guinea school countries percent labor force works agriculture countries deposits bauxite guinea iron ore diamonds countries grow cereals guinea bissau raises peanuts major crop industry highly developed guinea bissau guinea processes bauxite guinea bissau exports timber vegetable products guinea gained independence france guinea bissau won freedom portugal bitter fighting chad niger upper volta mali mauritania large countries chad square kilometers square miles area niger square kilometers square miles area upper volta square kilometers square miles area mali square kilometers square miles area mauritania square kilometers square miles area countries upper volta size colorado countries percent size alaska muslim area chad niger upper volta mali mauritania known sahel receives rain city countries population greater percent olds school percent force agriculture countries mineral resources agriculture generally small scale
ahmed muhammad abdulla pressed buzzer large polished desk secretary appeared instantly driver meet twenty minutes ahmed full tank gas check hotel confirm reservations cbs tv film crew arrive london flight morning ahmed works saudi arabian government charge public relations petroleum industry important job saudi arabia nation produces ten million barrels oil today looked busy ahmed meet film crew help prepare story american television oil saudi arabia help filming schedule pick wife drive parents house ahmed driver held door open ahmed glad car air conditioning temperature soared ride cool car liked luxury american cars ahmed born small date farm al hasa oasis map page kilometers miles south dhahran muslim school boys age twenty messenger aramco ten company aramco ahmed american university returned dhahran joined aramco public relations department finally left aramco saudi government chapter tells story oil middle east oil discovered saudi arabia
israel parts jews germany soviet union england united states poland south africa middle east joined jews lived area israel formed original inhabitants israel muslims christians today kinds live small space called israel understand large number groups living israel help look history jerusalem important city travel jerusalem car mediterranean coast takes hour map page coastal plain road rises slowly citrus groves vegetable farms forty minutes hills begin road climbs steep sided valleys show scars fighting battles arab israeli wars took place small arab farms vineyards located higher areas finally appearing distance jerusalem oldest cities present jerusalem extends original city surrounding hills parts jerusalem consist tall apartment buildings modern stores knesset meets part city center israeli museums government buildings city surrounded large wall inside wall hundreds crowded lanes narrow passageways important part history took place earliest remains jerusalem king david city ancient ruin lies walls city
enrico sighed wife anna frequently talked kitchen enrico felt chances getting job germany friends told nations european community called ec helping ending tariffs member countries companies set factories countries easily ec country special permission anna repeated germany want leave land family friends church house italians maria germany enrico thought carefully beginning finding place live easier send money home week saved join anna sighed quietly don don going makes feel uneasy maria felt uneasy thinking father working germany hard didn want wondered weekend sad vero family enrico germany carried suitcase village bus stop bus naples train rome rome sister lucia train germany entire village waited bus pulled shouts farewell wishes filled air enrico person leave village sad left trip quickly
sentinels sight railroad ran straight forest hundred yards curving lost view doubtless outpost farther bank stream open ground gentle acclivity topped stockade vertical tree trunks loopholed rifles single embrasure protruded muzzle brass cannon commanding bridge midway slope bridge fort spectators single company infantry line parade rest butts rifles ground barrels inclining slightly backward shoulder hands crossed stock lieutenant stood line point sword ground left hand resting excepting group center bridge moved company faced bridge staring stonily motionless sentinels facing banks stream statues adorn bridge captain stood folded arms silent observing subordinates making sign death dignitary comes announced received formal manifestations respect familiar code military etiquette silence fixity forms deference engaged hanged apparently thirty age civilian judge habit planter features straight nose firm mouth broad forehead dark hair combed straight falling ears collar fitting frock coat
clergyman looked apparent concern friend anticipate wants mentioning eat reminded famished glanced watch appearing deliberate yes find modest eating place sir stammered wouldn want eat poor woman sir equal sight god ascended stairs prosperous parson poor parishioner coming fourteenth street started west block restaurant brilliantly lighted tiled polished place quick lunch variety woman timidly preferred stop saying glare places bad eyes divine accepted objection valid argument blocks farther found corner quieter resort unpretentious haven boasted ladies entrance side street entered front door sat table facing woman read menu finally embarrassed uncertainty ordered poached eggs toast clergyman ordered simple meal soon dispatched finishing woman apologetically excuse sir bill fare minute pot tea warm charge high haven bill fare clergyman looked diligently cardboard strip seen waiter drew
chee words expected effect fat enraged farmers longhaired farmers think bend short handled hoe order food eat tone changed began brag things cans trader pueblos past town buy salty jerked mutton young corn roasting dried sweet peaches chee dark eyes surveyed land highway continued brag progressive longer tied land wife money easily buy things wanted chee realized late stumbled argument wife parents understood feeling land took care land turn took care fat wife scoffed called pueblo farmer summer planted weeded harvested ate green corn mutton stews chili paste fresh ripe chilis tortillas cornmeal wife ground working sweating sun fat talked proudly easy living collecting money trader rented strip land highway collecting money tourists chee won argument wife shared belief integrity earth jobs fail earth turned chee canyon
word lyric wide range closely related meanings sense lyric means short poem short poem tell story poems written set music round poems written sung music existed word lyric refer words song intimate connection words music suggests meaning lyric short poem sounds words attractive important meanings words sense word lyric refers kind poem offers experience music definition raises difficult question agreement kind experience music offer respond music respond emotionally respond emotionally able talk response discuss emotional responses music actually experiencing variety reactions found walking woods suddenly opening top cliff overlooking magnificent landscape indifferent sight aware smallness feel humbled feel sense grandeur exaltation simply feel landscape beautiful human experiences elements part real perceive emotional response link sight sound perceive real produce utterly emotional responses
poetry painting music term lyricism suggests feeling emotional experience lyrical feeling intense awareness paradoxically intense emotion require release energy activity suggest release lyric hand introspective pleasurably conscious dancing says thing music acting music modern dance ballet kind application feeling completely passive stance dancer stood feet close arms close body posture suggests action dancer attitude arms outstretched feet spread body twisted spring suggests individual ready command control environment comparable effects music occur melody moving passivity passivity means mere inactivity permitting events circumstances control individual melody moves reveals emotional dancer prepared action ready control environment speed dancer executes movements slowly rapidly simulates slow rapid music saying music fact depicting release energy showing precision amount released attitude ballet huddled crouched dancer head withdrawn face turned downward making small object opposite attitude gradual expansion figure large looms tall
spoke goddess ox eyed hera frightened sat silence wrenching heart obedience uranian gods house zeus troubled hephaistos renowned smith rose speak bring comfort beloved mother hera white arms disastrous matter endurable quarrel sake mortals bring brawling gods pleasure stately feast vile things uppermost entreat mother understands ingratiating father zeus longer father scold break quiet feasting olympian handles lightning minded hurl places strong approach words gentle olympian gracious spoke springing feet put handled goblet mother hands spoke patience mother endure saddened fear dear eyes struck sorry able hard fight olympian minded help caught foot threw magic threshold dropped helpless sunset landed lemnos left
sun source starting place energy star center solar system sun light heat form radiant energy later study radiant energy carefully energy changed form radiant energy earth changed heat rays radiant energy photosynthesis green plants natural gas petroleum oil formed fossils plants fish lived millions ago plants alive green absorbing taking radiant energy growing photosynthesis physicists study matter ask questions matter space matter space means volume space solid liquid gas weight divided volume called density place ml water beaker ml water beaker heat flames size water boils notice takes water ml beaker boil takes water ml beaker temperature cases ml water needs heat boil ml water physics science physicist scientific method notice scientific method scientific method ways scientific answers general set rules scientists follow
friends stand end wooden table friend place ear table stand straight ask hold hands hear scratch table boy ear table hear sound repeat experiment chalkboard discovered idea materials carry sounds faster idea american indians place ears close ground hear buffalo herd moving nearby experiments show ground carries sound times fast air ago train travel common passengers waiting village station place ears railroad track hear train vibrations sooner tracks air park metal railing friend place ear railing tap gently hear railing code signal talk ear water clapping stones water sounds louder air water carrier sound waves sounds travel material particles vibrate general sounds travel faster water air scientists sounds travel faster solids liquids careful experiments give precise speeds sound materials examples sound waves compression air making dense expansion air making dense
fig learned bell clapper keeps vibrating partial vacuum jar longer hear sound bell hearing means detect vibrations special sense organ ear explain vibrations brains let look parts ear fig describe process hear sounds enter outer ear move tube middle ear eardrum hearing bones vibrate pass motion hearing organ ear brain message auditory nerve awhile brain begins recognize remember loudness noise musical notes coiled snail shaped part ear thousands nerve hairs vibrations reach ear send vibrations liquid called lymph nerve hairs detect low pitch detect high pitch high energy vibrations fluid vibrate force sound loud low energy vibrations force sound softer puzzled dogs able hear sounds couldn simply dog ears sharper today real explanation dog ears hear sounds frequencies cps human ears hear human ears hear vibrations cps seen dog whistle whistle hear vibrates cps vibrations range dog ears soon learn
exciting discoveries concerning science tied simple fundamental mathematical relationships movement earth sun movement electrons tv set flow blood veins relationships scientists found sunlight radio waves sound waves ripples puddle water act similarly show relationships short laws basic sciences science examines fundamental laws called physics primary goal physics total understanding universe operates discovery process moves increasing pace ideas sheer speculation ago common knowledge today physicist intelligent beings universe speculate latest scientific evidence study course physics find basic laws universe simple true spaceship space shuttle breaks orbit follows simple equations acceleration energy transfer study equations early chapters text later learn concave mirrors origin light radio waves understand scientists designed system listen evidence civilizations proposed system called cyclops circular cluster radio telescopes cyclops eventually consist hundreds steerable antennas larger football field today fascinating quest search knowledge concerning elementary particles matter huge synchrotron designed transfer high energy minute particles learn particles
accuracy extent measured agrees accepted quantity accepted digits suppose calculate digits digits agree accepted accurate places precision degree exactness quantity measured precision need indication accuracy precise accepted values digits precision measuring device limited finest division scale smallest division meter stick millimeter measurement smaller length meter stick estimate limit precision instruments accuracy measuring device depends obtained instrument agrees accepted measurement measuring device checked accuracy instrument measure quantities values known measured values compared known values errors measurement affect accuracy measurement precision affected values stated terms smallest division instrument scientists constantly measuring quantities comparing data obtain relationships found confirmed experimentation findings accepted scientific theories measuring mind measurement subject error length ruler change temperature
truck larger engine small car truck engine produce larger force car engine accelerate truck result car truck equal accelerations falling objects heavy objects force acting mass force accelerate case light object turns objects accelerated equally gravity consideration practice avoided air resistance noticed leaf feather piece paper fall fast heavier object brick aristotle noticed thing mistaken notion heavy objects fall faster light objects objects fall air resistance produces upward force air resistance result object colliding air molecules falls upward force depends number air molecules object strikes fast strikes object strikes large number air molecules fast upward force offset object weight stop accelerating body fall steady rate called terminal velocity feather large surface area small weight falls air resistance rapidly offsets weight terminal velocity feather leaf centimeters tiny droplets water found dense fog large surface areas low weights watch fall slowly steadily beam automobile headlamp
law conservation momentum holds closed system reason scientists consider law importance helps understand happens collisions interactions collisions form law conservation momentum powerful tool consider freight cars equal mass shown figure car moves km car rest track cars collide coupled velocity coupled cars compare velocity single freight car collision question answered law conservation momentum newton laws motion introduced chapter newton law motion called law action reaction states force accompanied equal opposite force according law thing single force object produce force object exert force hand pushes ball magnet repels magnet charged object repels charged object interaction involves objects newton law motion states object exerts force object accelerates fact overlooked object causing force accelerates golf ball hit golf club ball accelerated club club accelerated direction opposite ball striking ball club slows
observations tycho brahe calculations johannes kepler provided basis newton theory universal gravitation legend watching apple fall tree newton recognized apple fell unbalanced force acted newton law motion force gravity newton wondered special force peculiar earth bodies body exerts gravitational force body newton looked describe force determine magnitude reasoned gravitational force found universe force keeps planets orbits sun kepler studies revealed important facts planets elliptical orbits nearly circular force planets move sun conform equations circular motion kepler found planets number newton knew relationship accident result force keeping planets orbits rearranged read equation represents period planet orbits sun substituted equation centripetal force acting planet expression considered single factor constant components called equation result told newton force planet sun varies inversely square distance radius sun
outstanding aspects forces including gravitational force ability act distances seemingly empty space earth sun millions kilometers gravitational force keeps earth orbital path order describe predict effects forces acting distance field concept highly case gravity field concept considers mass distorts space setting gravitational field sense gravitational field mysterious force attraction masses peculiarity space objects curve warp space path body space determined curvature space finds gravitational force treated characteristic space mass mass astronomers found able explain astronomical events statement reverse effect supporting idea space changed due presence mass moment understanding space complete explain change takes place picture curved space compare dimensional rubber sheet object sheet form indentation rolling marbles sheet simulates motion matter space marble moving sagging region sheet path curve earth orbits sun due space distortion caused masses bodies
scientists gain knowledge study investigation scientists try find human cancer cells produced study effects drugs scientists investigate athletic training body effects weightlessness radiation astronauts interest scientists scientists test facts ideas discover information process scientists observations measurements perform experiments knowledge science tested corrected evidence shows important scientist think find answers questions solutions problems imagination scientist vital development ideas science refers facts collected ideas developed scientists methods scientists obtaining information science includes facts human body works includes scientists discovered substances put elements percent body elements carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen statement interesting fact science science applied fields medicine engineering dentistry nutrition agriculture jobs background science biology chemistry physics main sciences biology study living things includes botany study plants zoology study animals human biology includes study human diseases reproduction human body works chemistry study matter study substances physical chemical properties part chemistry physics deals matter energy related
person body cells cell basic unit structure function living organisms figure cells blocks larger body parts human body trillions cells cell occur body alive human cell cytoplasm jellylike material unique property alive cytoplasm mixture water salts materials thin living cell membrane surrounds cell membrane thin visible aid electron microscope cell membrane flexible living functioning part cell cell membrane controls movement materials cell cell membrane selective materials pass general large particles pass cell membrane dissolved materials move cell membrane process called diffusion diffusion movement particles material regions high concentration regions lower concentration material figure food oxygen diffuse blood cell membrane cytoplasm cell waste materials diffuse opposite direction wastes diffuse cell cell membrane blood special kind diffusion called osmosis occurs cell membrane osmosis diffusion water membrane water moves cell osmosis cell nucleus dense ball shaped mass found center cell membrane surrounds nucleus separates cytoplasm nucleus controls activities cell reproduction
high blood pressure leading death united states adults elevation blood pressure studies found high blood pressure children young high blood pressure result strokes heart attacks stroke caused blood clot brain blocks artery ruptured vessel brain affected area brain receive oxygen blood clots artery heart heart attacks high blood pressure detected simple blood pressure test effective treatment disease found arteriosclerosis slow disease contribute stroke heart attack disease begin early disease linings arteries thick rough deposits fat calcium deposits arteries lose ability contract expand makes easier clot form block artery scientists studying effects diet exercise arteriosclerosis rheumatic fever strikes children ages fifteen preceded infection caused bacteria rheumatic fever inflammation joints heart valves heart valves scarred deformed diseases blood include anemia sickle cell anemia leukemia anemia disease oxygen supply tissues decreased caused deficiency red blood cells hemoglobin total blood volume kinds anemia treatments disease vary blood transfusions iron supplements vitamin drugs treat kinds anemia
carbohydrates elements carbon hydrogen oxygen sugar starch carbohydrates bread rice potatoes beans cereals sources starch green yellow vegetables fruits natural sugars easily digested carbohydrates changed sugar called glucose digested glucose body cells produce energy activities half diet carbohydrates carbohydrates stored body carbohydrates stored body change glucose glycogen glycogen stored liver muscles changed glucose needed produce energy scientists estimate adult requires carbohydrates daily maintain health fats oils compounds rich energy elements carbon hydrogen oxygen fats oils energy gram carbohydrates cheese milk butter margarine nuts foods rich fats oils fats solids room temperature oils liquids room temperature person eats fat body excess stored body fat body fat serves reserve supply energy helps protect internal organs injury fat deposits build inside blood vessels build reduces flow blood lead heart attack stroke result doctors recommend diet low animal fat diet limits amount meat eggs cheese foods high animal fat minimum fat requirement human diet known scientists believe balanced diet adequate amount essential nutrients obtain piece unglazed paper brown wrapping paper
cancer disease abnormal cell division rapid increase body cells cancer occur plant animal dogs cats fruit flies horses humans develop types cancer abnormal rapid growth body cells dna cell nucleus controls growth division cell normal cells grow size unknown reason cells continue grow divide rapid growth cells leads formation clump tissue called tumor benign non threatening tumor grow size stop moles warts benign tumors malignant tumor stop growing malignant tumors cancers death removed destroyed cancer cells unlike normal cells separate tumor carried blood lymph organs body invade body tissue form tumors cancer animals known caused viruses chickens affected cancer connective tissue epstein barr viruses cancer lymph system humans scientists working determine viruses cancer carcinogen cancer causing agent chemical physical chemicals known carcinogens chemicals environment cancer nicotine chemical tobacco lung cancer nitrosamines reaction products sodium nitrite carcinogens sodium nitrite preserve meat nitrosamines produced digestive process sunlight overexposure rays radiation physical cancer
hallucinogens substances illusions hallucinations psilocybin mescaline lsd hallucinogens psilocybin obtained mushrooms mescaline comes peyote cactus plant lsd tasteless odorless colorless compound laboratory hallucinations produced drugs predicted symptoms occur drugs months drugs angel dust powerful hallucinogen short form chemical angel dust pcp pcp eaten snorted inhaled nose smoked angel dust stimulant drug severe depression thoughts suicide large dose person aggressive person damage property physically harm person large dose pcp experience wild hallucinations monsters pcp stored body fat drug released bloodstream later harmful effects marijuana nonnarcotic drug dried leaves flowers indian hemp cannabis sativa marijuana smoked eaten marijuana act stimulant depressant intoxicating effect body loss physical mental control affect thinking speech senses distorted person pleasant feeling frightened feeling strong dose person illusions marijuana habit forming addictive range effects steady marijuana doctors believe steady marijuana result lack motivation person develop habit putting things unconcerned
definitions acceptable unfortunately complete simple terms definitions psychologists agreeing field inquiry methods approach scientific philosophical psychologists maintain study psychology need essentially methods results study hard sciences chemistry physics psychologists called behaviorists chapter believe carry study psychology exact scientific discipline aim apply scientific method study human behavior laboratory animals including rats monkeys dogs human subjects investigations emphasize precise measurement employing sophisticated apparatus purpose devote attention physiology study physical functioning body obviously aspect psychology closely related science biology psychologists believe order fuller understanding scope human mind possibilities human behavior essential grips ideas philosophy especially ethics ethics consideration bad wrong human terms destructive distinctions standards theoretical practical application look concepts wrong inevitably reaching effect think behave acknowledged factors analyzed measured tools methods scientific psychology scientists measure precisely takes subject react stimulus controlled conditions
statements society sick government corrupt generalizations sense society course complex entity highly unlikely characterized adequately fairly term society rules standards procedures adopted regulate relations group normal point view behavior defeating ignorant unconscious repressive destructive generally irresponsible provide basis saying society question abnormal sick generation apply standard judge harshly aspects society earlier generation present attitudes sex open frank outspoken generations ago today discuss openly unashamedly matters existence acknowledged polite society victorian times today standards attitude victorian society sex extremely prudish unnatural hypocritical conventions victorian society abnormal society need judged vantage point later generation aware characteristics society living basis raise questions health united states today richest powerful nation common knowledge prevailing rates murder violent crimes suicide alcoholism drug addiction shockingly high
psychologist term paranoia refers fear accumulated result tensions fear grounded reality term refer manifestation fear reasonable basis drug dealer constantly afraid caught police paranoid danger certainly exists fear justified rational sense combined deepseated guilt feelings contribute paranoid delusions narcissistic personality disorder term derived ancient greek mythological figure narcissus fell love reflection pool water disorder exalted feelings importance personal success attractiveness generally feel strong need center attention dominated fantasies gaining wealth power displaying dazzling creative talents achieving ideal love relationships share symptoms type narcissist dominant point reality blurs fantasy narcissist typically preoccupied needs feelings shows capacity relate constructively warmly antisocial personality disorder marked forms behavior lying stealing fighting truancy school disorder originates adolescence point involve alcohol drug abuse aggressive sexual behavior inability concentrate schoolwork older individuals behavior threatens job status society males likely females show antisocial behavior avoidant personality disorder applies overly sensitive possibility rejection failure humiliation
conflict lack balance demands superego ego ability handle id situation results sense guilt biological anxiety fear increase alertness danger preparation flight fight fear freud defined response danger external actually exists appears exist basis evidence hand essentially rational anxiety contrast rational situation arises unconsciously painful event past ego experience anxiety serves danger signal alerts body prepare attack retreat objectively need behavior ego finds deal situation means physical resistance retreat conditions tolerate continuation anxiety demanding action happens ego set defenses defense mechanisms designed protect anxiety danger external typical ego defenses include repression projection rationalization reaction formation regression displacement sublimation employ defenses times exaggerated obsessive person considered neurotic disorder repression noted means process mental material ego regards threatening sunk id material includes largely traumatic memories memories unconscious influence repressed memory painful painful
erich fromm born educated germany moved united states lived settling france gained wide renown application findings contemporary sociology anthropology psychoanalysis fromm believed culture major shaper personality child grows gradually gains freedom parents persons dominant newly won independence stimulating separates child emotionally causing loneliness fear child wants escape freedom fromm phrase tries regain society forming productive relationships submitting authority conforming blindly binding rules laid social authorities method individual adopts seeking regain security depends society question meets basic human needs needs identified fromm sense relatedness interaction order overcome basic loneliness isolation sense belonging social group groups sense identity awareness uniqueness worth individual sense transcendence capacity act creatively conviction charge passive subject victim events frame orientation devotion philosophy religion direction meaning purpose existence personality development depends needs met specific opportunities fulfillment society fromm shows society communist fascist feudal socialist capitalist tends mold type personality sane society fromm view meets basic human needs effectively counteracting feelings loneliness isolation despair
woman morbid fear cats start relaxing thinking kitten arms child situation easy accept subsequent sessions imagined cats larger closer woman reach stage able consider possibility tomcat hysterical patient say behaviorists overcoming emotional difficulty freudians psychodynamic therapists argue fear cats symptom generalized neurosis getting rid symptom anxiety reaction necessarily mean getting rid neurosis behaviorists answer thing symptom sense freudians understand believe improper unadaptive behavior sign freudians maintain actually disorder disability person suffering say aspect behavior improved emotional health benefit inappropriate behavior eliminated entirely patient cured behavior modification considered outgrowth concept operant conditioning observable measurable conditioning developed skinner therapeutic technique modify behavior consists systematically positively reinforcing rewarding behavior systematically ignores reward inappropriate behavior note inappropriate behavior negatively reinforced punished ideally order modify behavior predictable lines patient environment strictly regulated operant conditioning conditioning intended controlled therapist effect
science begins curiosity nature want makes things tick want things act scientists believe universe behaves orderly think find order desire things key knowledge universe science orderly search answers questions scientists careful methods common sense study solve problems look fig burning dripless candle think candle flame find guess correct notice candle wax melts forming pool liquid candle burns liquid soaked wick disappear candle burns melted wax turns gas hot flame part flame air gases part flame gas draw gas short piece glass tubing shown fig try burn gas coming tube flame appears end tube suspect flame caused burning gas scientists learn reading thinking testing sharing ideas learn nature scientists gather data sources data put order help solve problems ways finding nature spirit science
periodic table data study properties elements predict behavior compounds formed elements chemists grouped elements order increasing atomic numbers special arrangement nuclei atoms element differ nuclei atoms element addition proton neutrons grouping forms basis periodic table shown fig elements hydrogen stands numbered horizontal rows called periods vertical columns numbered viii called groups elements group chemical physical properties alike elements group active chemically combine readily elements instance group elements react water follows lithium reacts slowly sodium fast potassium fast rubidium violently group viii family rare gases elements stable react readily elements chemists able prepare compounds elements left side periodic table active elements bottom side active elements top notice place metals nonmetals table metals iron zinc lead copper tin gold known nonmetals include elements nitrogen oxygen chlorine metals elements shiny surface commonly solid room temperature high density metals easily hammered drawn shapes conductors heat electric current
forms matter changed phase changing temperature water known piece ice solid heated water liquid adding heat energy ice increases kinetic energy molecules weakens bonds holding ice molecules heat added solid bonds weakened hold solid shape solid melt liquid water continues heated turns steam gas bonds able hold rapidly moving molecules liquid molecules spread gas added kinetic energy rise surface process known boiling substance change liquid gas evaporation evaporation escape fast moving molecules surface liquid change phase takes place liquid hot cold boiling takes place definite temperature water evaporates molecules surface receive kinetic energy break bonds gas fig heat removed molecules steam molecules slow forces attraction strong bond form water process going gas liquid phase called condensing heat removed liquid finally freeze solid strong bonds total amount heat energy removed equal total amount heat energy absorbed processes reversed phase brought changing pressure
nitrogen common gas air contrast oxygen nitrogen inactive element combine readily elements oxygen nitrogen odor taste color nitrogen dissolve readily water burn nitrogen react element union seldom stable compound breaks easily common explosives dynamite gunpowder tnt tri nitroglycerin compounds nitrogen destructive power explosives due rapid breakdown molecules breakdown turn heat gases expand quickly producing rapid combustion living things protein food compounds nitrogen crops nitrogen compounds soil crops peas beans clover alfalfa put nitrogen compounds soil bacteria grow roots plants change nitrogen air nitrogen compounds process called nitrogen fixation nitrogen compounds returned soil crops adding nitrogen compounds soil fertilizers carbon dioxide needed plants carbon dioxide water vapor compounds found air amount carbon dioxide air small gas needed earth green plants carbon dioxide grow food making process green plants called photosynthesis presence green chemical chlorophyll sunlight plants water soil carbon dioxide air food oxygen waste product animals including humans depend plants food oxygen supply
solid waste disposal problems consumers idea throwing things country discard million cars million metric tons glass million tires million metric tons paper billion cans paper makes litter scattered roads highways united states consider population united states consumes resources junk cars present disposal problem cities towns cost recycle materials junk cars materials worth rubber tires plastics troublesome pollution problems worn rubber tires hard dispose burning tires produce air pollutants buried tires compacted slowly tend rise surface tires making tires tires dispose plastics broken natural plastics burned plastics melt tend foul burners plastics give poisonous gases burned fortunately chemists designed kind plastic direct sunlight kinds plastics developed biodegradable top soil pesticide ddt found high levels fat tissue animals including humans ddt moves food chain larger fish fowl finally humans ddt millions found poisonous human tissues evidence affects reproductive cycle animals
chemicals paint paints ancient decorate caves coat tools decorate faces today kinds paint protect surfaces surroundings beautiful oil paint mixture types substances drying oil linseed oil act binder absorb oxygen air dries pigment zinc oxide give paint body hiding power desired color thinner turpentine paint spread easily drying agent manganese dioxide act catalyst speed drying process drying oils paints react oxygen air form elastic solids rubber coating soon appears surface open paint result process common drying oils include linseed oil pressed ripe flaxseeds tung oil nut china tung trees soybean oil oils purpose seeds castor safflower sunflower hemp spread paint surface expect hide color underneath thinner spread paint cover color underneath paint paint pigments mixture substances white pigments white lead zinc oxide titanium oxide colored paints small amounts colored materials added white pigments red lead oxide protect steel structures rusting metal pigments powdered aluminum added paint varnish boiling gum materials called resins oils
eastward force thoreau westward walk free remark expresses part dream america course true europeans coming land walk free west barriers forest river weather disease war surge settlement experiments virginia moment americans looked pacific surf took hundred hardship immense energy enormous waste pain dream persists embedded american experience dream land taking freedom habits customs past beginning lure america flood humanity moving westward part newness unknown qualities freedom fixed boundaries flexible possibilities place hope land course terrifying alluring potential terror frontier sharply visible william bradford reaction england pilgrims landing friendless coast country woods thickets hideous desolate wilderness full wild beasts wild americans harshness frontier wild beasts wild grinding loneliness secondary promise bradford pilgrims faced appalling wilderness choice offered hope religious social freedom find left physical frontier line edge settlements inhabited persons square mile significance american thought
looked steadfastly perceived eyes looked dull glazed instantly occurred unexampled diligence copying dim window weeks stay temporarily impaired vision touched condolence hinted course wisely abstaining writing urged embrace opportunity taking wholesome exercise open air days clerks absent hurry despatch letters mail thought earthly bartleby surely inflexible usual carry letters post office blankly declined inconvenience added days bartleby eyes improved say appearance thought asked vouchsafed answer events copying reply urgings informed permanently copying exclaimed suppose eyes entirely copy copying answered slid remained fixture chamber nay fixture office stay plain fact millstone useless necklace afflictive bear
twenty miles forty miles american desert ten miles fifty twenty hours halting eat drink rest stretch sleep stony frozen ground pushing wagon horses fifty miles delight supreme moment cheap price camped days neighborhood sink humboldt tried strong alkaline water sink answer drinking lye weak lye left taste mouth bitter execrable burning stomach uncomfortable put molasses helped added pickle alkali prominent taste unfit drinking coffee water meanest compound invented viler taste unameliorated water ballou architect builder beverage felt constrained endorse uphold drank half cup sips making shift praise faintly finally threw remainder frankly technical presently found spring fresh water convenient mar enjoyment stragglers interrupt entered rest leaving sink traveled humboldt river accustomed monster mile wide mississippi grow accustomed associating term river high degree watery grandeur
captive put dungeon find key let door open afraid wrote nathaniel hawthorne secluding twelve chamber eaves ancient house salem massachusetts hawthorne rarely left room nightfall walk aimlessly miles desolate coastal meadows distant aloof hawthorne brooded past future melt indistinguishable mass humankind obsessed experience sort home feeling past legendary salem blood seaport town harbored generations family grandfather john hathorne judge salem witchcraft trials denounced woman screams condemnation witch wizard god give blood drink curse hover hawthornes nathaniel father sailor died fever surinam north amazon boy grief stricken mother secluded remaining forty sat wayside enchantment shrubbery sprang bushes grew saplings saplings trees exit appeared entangling depths obscurity writing slowly painfully dismal chamber doubted twenty salem aware existence
busy preparing ordeal inspected carefully examination grooms give horse race amazed staggered affair astonishment found vent strange repetitions yeh sure goin demanded certainly cried collins furiously strode sullenly swinging canteens cords cap remain firmly head reached pulled brow general movement compact column animal thing moved slightly hundred eyes turned figure collins sir th derndest thing thought fred collins blood kind business goin goin water dyin thirst foolishness put doin say desperate cuss collins faced meadow walked regiment vaguely conscious chasm deep valley prides suddenly comrades provisional provision return victor blindly led quaint emotions laid obligation walk squarely face death sure wished retraction shame matter truth sure mainly surprised supernaturally strange allowed mind maneuver body situation
george don read papers don chemical fertilizers bug sprays dead ten heart attacks killing country forty sighed wearily yellow skin eyelids wrinkled hurt match connection stated spacing words pained patience heart chemical fertilizers alcohol alcohol milk cholesterol tissues american heart don tell chemistry elsie majored damn stuff yes majored greek penny wiser mother put waggler woman started food dropped fork reason sight bad hand table cruelly irritated daughter eyes worn bits crazed crystal embedded watery milk widened cockeyed spectacles circles silver fine thread clung red notches carved white beak orange flicker kerosene lamp dazed misery infernal david mother began noise cry father eyes jaundiced sockets wrinkled skin steam food clouded scene horrible horror familiar distracted david formless dread worked sickly sore large wound trying heal bathroom took flashlight wet grass outhouse fear spiders felt trivial
truth jesting pilate stay answer wrote philosopher francis bacon rembrandt famous painting portrays pilate cultivated thoughtful administrator washing hands disavowing responsibility sentencing jesus pilate condemned truth jested care socrates claimed thing knew truth absolutely cared truth willing die literature greatly concernced question truth lot loveliest writing evocative magical xanadu kubla khan stately pleasure dome decree playful nonsense twas brillig slithy toves gyre gimble wabe fine comedy fantastically grotesque give wondering truth ask laughing literature raises question truth indirectly word truth mean dozens ways frivolous game truth consequences ideal sublime soars sight beauty truth truth beauty ye earth ye need getting wound subtleties philosophy definition point departure truth signifies statement corresponds actually case truth means idea mind corresponds accurately exists think
painting comes period depression felt congress carrying responsibilities effectively ibsen enemy page mayor followers avoid unpleasant social problem substitute words significant action settings differ gropper point ibsen gropper subject political oratory lack meaning understand going observe curving step lower hand corner picture rising curved platforms form amphitheater senatorial desks reality desks identical senate chamber fact arranged carefully symmetrical universal arranging space furniture places public importance dignity gropper desks colors shapes turned chairs senators presents random section chamber odd angle furniture gropper reduced order dignity confusion senators chamber senator speaking engaged filibuster purpose forceful exaggerated oratorical gestures low brow flat head big stomach indicating indulgence impression appearance senator listening think impressed posture suggest interest younger senator present attention giving speaker intelligent speaker
moment wind big wings began turning flourish arms giant briareus don quixote perceived answer commended heart lady dulcinea beseeching succor peril covered shield lance rest bore full gallop fell mill stood giving thrust wing whirling speed lance broken bits horse horseman rolling plain battered sancho donkey hurrying master assistance fast reached spot knight unable move shock rocinante hit ground god help exclaimed sancho tell grace look windmills fact fail mills sort head quiet friend sancho don quixote fortunes war subject constant change think sure magician freston changed giants windmills order deprive glory overcoming enmity bears end evil arts prevail trusty sword mine god sancho panza response
land uz job perfect upright feared god eschewed evil born sons daughters substance thousand sheep thousand camels hundred yoke oxen hundred asses household greatest east sons feasted houses called sisters eat drink days feasting job sanctified rose early morning offered burnt offerings according number job sons sinned cursed god hearts job continually sons god present lord satan lord satan comest thou satan answered lord going fro earth walking lord satan hast thou considered servant job earth perfect upright feareth god escheweth evil satan answered lord doth job fear god nought thou hedge house hath side thou blessed hands substance increased land
dante journey begins friday easter april evening dante experiences grave doubts journey undertaken canto ii tells believe worthy vision vision virgil promised reveal reassure dante virgil explains dante guide limbo region hell roman poet ordinarily resides blessed beautiful lady lady beatrice dante beloved dead heaven dearest friend strayed true needed guidance soul salvation answer request virgil agreed serve dante guide regions recognize sin able renounce learning beatrice concern encouraged virgil reassurance dante regains earlier confidence lead tells virgil virgil turns continue journey soon leads gate hell canto iii dante virgil gate hell read city woe forsaken eternal sorrow abandon hope ye enter inside gate hell vestibule find souls sinners side external war god satan sinners fixed place hell wander eternally darkness stung swarms wasps hornets represent guilty consciences dante virgil river acheron newly arrived souls sinners wait charon boatman ferry places punishment
answer charge meletus elaborate defense unnecessary incurred destruction destroyed meletus anytus envy death death danger say ashamed socrates course likely bring untimely end fairly answer mistaken calculate chance living dying consider wrong acting part bad view heroes fell troy son thetis altogether despised danger comparison disgrace eager slay hector goddess mother avenged companion patroclus slew hector die fate words waits hector receiving warning utterly despised danger death fearing feared live dishonor avenge friend let die forthwith replies avenged enemy abide beaked ships laughingstock burden earth achilles thought death danger
stopped walking moved bit closer green curtains sort velvety material hanging side window pussy willows looked wonderful peered glass room thing saw bright fire burning hearth carpet front fire pretty dachshund curled asleep nose tucked belly room half darkness filled pleasant furniture baby grand piano big sofa plump armchairs corner spotted large parrot cage animals sign place billy told looked pretty decent house stay certainly comfortable bell dragon hand pub congenial boardinghouse beer darts evenings lots talk bit cheaper stayed couple nights pub liked stayed boardinghouses perfectly honest tiny bit frightened conjured images watery cabbage rapacious landladies powerful smell kippers living room dithering cold minutes billy decided walk look bell dragon making mind
wake morning virginia town children calling fathers going hear cars started buick door takes makes deep portentous coughing chorus dozens children block calling infant southern accents ba ba ba flock tiny excited sheep spicy promising morning september sheep calling ba awoke sort chant triumph lay hear words child shouting going school going school going school reiteration growing shriller incredulously ecstatic jumped bed window girl climbing car father brand tin lunch box knees wearing blue coat blue hat match think drove poked head window proclaimed lark rising going school bed thinking wonder wondered happens soon bloom rapturous approach education matter weeks permanent slump comes dismay reluctance dread propelled children remainder school careers course children don mind thought doubted carol joyfully school
home excitement tobie considered leaving newspaper route job pay money thought maybe let route taking route gringos town maybe maybe barbers invite shops invited tobie supper night asked tobie delivery days let deliver newspaper tobie joey re young handle money newspaper bag heavy carry shoulder town think turn route red father quiet soon spoke tobie give route joey knows money needs put muscle shoulders issue settled tobie took newspaper office tobie boss nice elderly wearing glasses studied carefully scratched white head asked tobie think tobie told young handle job says yes sir butted enthusiastically tobie boss looked chuckled spunk thought tobie spoke think delivery boy sir short silence tobie boss put thoughts scratch pad desk finally boss give try tobie looked young un careful money
noises night ross awake lay bush listened mind building things sounds couldn place lipping missouri banks rush mutter current whine west wind trees rose darkly howling wolves account crackling twig give willows brushed skin fur pawnees sioux rees fierce bear mountain told saw dark pawnees roached combs hair painted faces white bear smelling jaws dripping carpentier tame welcomed carpentier lay tense bush needled alarms feeling danger closing feeling lost distances missouri pressing seeing days ahead parade frights fatigue hunger coyote yipped close pictured indians making animal noises crept ahead scalping knives fright threaded running blood fear seeped keelboat fought mad missouri gentle hills woods home run bald deserted deeps land sky fear felt shame left room shame dreadful distances dreader things ahead st charles st louis farm left trees houses arose round liked night hear give glasses taverns
fourth july crowds pouring keokuk saw sign waiter wanted small lunch counter end main street owner running place fifty cents meals showed eggs lard frying pan buns ham sandwiches doughnuts coffeepot ten clock telling charge polite serving customers drifted eleven thirty feeling help noon rush customers hours sat quiet corner taking sleep handled trade customers flourished called plain simple bill fare felt important maybe partner business owner woke saying soon clock feeling forgotten eat noon offered fix fried eggs served bun coffee saying soon clock stewed gills slumped corner floor sleep fried eggs ate buns coffee fixed sandwiches thick cuts ham put coat pockets doughnuts opened money drawer took half dollar
strode quickly table nearby sat heavily began talk fierce looking splendid gentleman eating gentleman chairman board sylvia apologized baffled hilyers search eli asking person person sylvia found bench bower lilacs begun bud eli heard mother coming gravel path stayed resigned find tell gently getting doctor warren told tore letter eli understand father feel whitehill feel eli tried smile found easily feel tried tell couple times couldn didn fault father eli sylvia intent comforting eli put mind husband realized doctor remenzel making ghastly mistake didn want eli admitted whitehill cruel thing couldn bring tell boy father minute dear understands wait didn doctor remenzel
fifty thousand ago huge herds animals roamed known north south america wild horses bison camels grazed vast fields jaguars stalked prey woolly mammoths large shaggy haired elephants sweeping tusks wandered present alaska texas part landscape uncertain scientists attempted answer questions theory conclusively proven discoveries served intensify controversy settle questions remain women inhabited americas continent americans live americans belong prehistoric period recorded history cultural groups prehistoric period developed system writing records lack records makes study early cultures difficult scientists study culture ancient peoples called archaeologists making educated guesses lives early groups archaeologists examine skeletons artifacts objects skeletons provide information age appearance artifacts reveal kinds tools weapons archaeologists discover area prehistoric lived seal divide ground squares carefully reproduce square map digging begins hand tools screens diggers sift soil locate significant object workers smaller tools dental picks brushes mark map location stone tool bone chip skeletal piece found
sponsoring colony untamed unknown country thousands miles england difficult risky business sponsor buy ships pay sailors transport colonists persuade settlers especially laborers skilled workers migrate america outfit expensive expedition raleigh experience colony roanoke shown individuals matter wealthy english devised form business organization helped solve problem financing colonies organization known joint stock company english merchants joint stock company successfully trading ventures russia persia east indies joint stock company pooled funds investors selling stock shares company amount risk investors took amount profit depended number shares owned case bankruptcy investors liable amount investment joint stock company creditors seize investor personal property payment debt private individuals forms business organization ability muster large amounts capital limited liability permitted joint stock companies undertake ventures expensive risky ventures founding colonies american wilderness john white returned england ghostly emptiness roanoke king james granted charter companies english investors charter authorized companies found colonies group plymouth company included merchants port plymouth england sponsored expeditions rich atlantic fishing grounds newfoundland
addition questions defend colonies delegates discussed possibility intercolonial union drew plan called albany plan union designed unite colonies single government plan union submitted individual colonial governments approved opinion colonial legislators called control central government benjamin franklin author original plan lamented cries union manner form union weak noodles perfectly distracted representatives argued albany french finished building forts ohio river george washington officer virginia militia led soldiers western pennsylvania construct forts british march washington troops fired small party french soldiers took prisoner learning prisoners french move colonists hastily built stockade dubbed fort necessity fort quickly besieged combined force french soldiers indian allies washington small party withstand siege surrendered july series french victories general edward braddock took command british colonial forces soldiers braddock began cutting road wilderness western pennsylvania fort duquesne french stronghold junction allegheny monongahela rivers braddock ten miles fort french launched ambush
french revolution took brutal turn king louis xvi beheaded guillotine french nobles revolutionaries replaced catholicism worship called supreme rejection christianity outraged pious americans shocked violence bloodshed early admiration turned bitter opposition alexander hamilton person abhorred course french revolution opinion attacking upper classes revolutionaries eliminating mainstays society hamilton feared united states supported french revolution risk war britain development mean economic disaster percent nation revenue customs duties percent imports britain war britain virtually wipe major source income americans disturbed turn events france believed liberty demanded sacrifice thomas jefferson ambassador france appointment secretary americans jefferson deplored violence sympathized idealistic goals revolution french revolutionaries jefferson ideas declaration rights hamilton jefferson tried convince president washington opposite sides war france britain washington decided moderate course action april issued proclamation neutrality washington issued proclamation french ambassador citizen edmond genet arrived charleston south carolina genet arrogant presented credentials president frenchman began outfitting american ships privateers england setting courts deal ships captured organizing attack american frontiersmen spanish orleans
republicans congress suspicious bank united states hamilton created let charter expire result banks took charge issuing bank notes paper money supposed backed gold silver held bank bank notes remain stable currency number banks issuing increased greatly bank issued notes wide variety notes circulated times demand credit rose farmers needed buy land manufacturers wanted buy equipment factories situation worsened banks began issuing notes exceeded amount gold silver deposit addition war banks stopped redeeming bank notes gold silver showed sign resuming payments war sure exactly bank notes worth businesses notes accepted payment actually matched price goods lack uniform national currency interstate commerce extremely difficult clay argued national bank needed provide stable means issuing money offer safe place federal government deposit funds recognizing problems created banks president madison overcame qualms expanding power national government recommended creation national bank response congress chartered bank united states twenty period national bank purpose serve depository government funds stabilize currency
believers manifest destiny united states president polk vision country stretching atlantic pacific ocean beginning ultimate aim acquisition california excellent harbors san diego san francisco united states citizens lived california small number compared oregon settlers traveled overland trails oregon settlers splitting rockies crossed moving sacramento san joaquin river valleys early presidents jackson tyler united states tried unsuccessfully purchase california mexico president polk tried read mexico broke relations united states issue southern border texas polk diplomat john slidell mexico city try continue discussions texas border authorized slidell offer buy california million mexico million mexicans adamantly opposed division country government refused receive slidell returned home failed buy california president polk decided try methods acquiring territory encouraged thomas larkin american consul monterey california quietly support mexican californians desired annexation united states larkin proceed extravagant swashbuckling american named john fremont arrived california plans fremont united states army captain famous pathfinder earlier exploration sierra nevada mountain passes claimed california simple mission scientific exploration united states
theory origin cities cities began learned grow grain raise animals food according idea early human beings hunted fished gathered plants eat nomads wanderers follow food supply led moved starved learned domesticate animals sheep goats cattle food supply stay longer areas pasture lands water learned plant seeds grow crops able settle place build small villages eventually early farmers able produce extra food support growing city population city freed growing food specialize kinds making tools weaving cloth farmers traded extra food things city cities small population area farmers supply limited number food size cities limited disease poor sanitation prevent disease sewers baths lives hard food supply failed drought flood disease war forced abandon cities cities especially location trade grew prospered dr jacob bronowski mathematician historian held theory city growth depended agriculture believed hunting support group place food move able develop skills crafts
important cities united states located strip atlantic coast urbanization nation began communities boston newport philadelphia york charleston later baltimore important seaports served commercial transportation links europe major political cultural centers country colonies founded european nations main purpose increase wealth trade colonists bought manufactured goods founding nations supplied raw materials return european colonies founded north america british colonies atlantic coast successful grew rapidly successful colony york founded dutch later british colonists live wilderness unknown dangers object build towns protection towns bases colonizing surrounding territory towns safe harbors ocean going ships trading centers raw materials animal furs wooden boards seaports shipment manufactured goods tools weapons books received england distributed towns surrounding country called hinterland hinterland area town farm products raw materials town exports goods colonial seaports competed economic cultural influence boston york achieved place economic activities town depended partly natural resources hinterland boston rocky soil farming boston turned fishing harvesting timber england forests
brothers georgia panned small amount gold stream called cherry creek colorado rocky mountains traveling area spread rumors gold wide soon pikes peak gold rush towns denver auraria side cherry creek headquarters hundreds gold seekers parts nation young newspaper reporter cincinnati henry villard editors cover story reading villard description events taking place denver auraria hearsay description denver auraria proved substantially correct auraria occupied left bank cherry creek south platte river ahead denver laid bank auraria contained dozen scattered habitations sort story structures rough hewn logs combinations dugouts tents adobies log walls canvas roofs wigwams denver dozen structures auraria contained business places including stores limited stocks tailor shoemaker watchmaker shop printing office brought omaha started days arrival readable weekly rocky mountain news issued natural towns consisted exclusively males western states women children told looked curiosities apparently toil hands living relied wits struggle existence tradesmen town speculators mining promoters sprinkling followers professions law medicine
want poor minorities suburbs fought building government assisted subsidized housing boundaries city dayton ohio county dayton area working plan encourage suburbs accept fair share subsidized housing dayton plan developed miami valley regional planning commission mvrpc reading part presentation mvrpc show progress dayton plan mvrpc program developed response housing problems places dayton area surrounding region considerable amount substandard housing trapped deteriorating neighborhoods hope opportunities vacancy rates low land prices building costs interest rates high families modest means priced housing market housing built prices meet needs assisted housing suburban small town rural areas despite fact jobs stores shopping schools located problems reflected pattern city city nation dayton region unique result thousands americans dream home coming true future dim plan recommended needed housing units built provided region according fair share system recommended region run housing improved strategy considered total package fair share system emerged unique
suppose member regional planning commission region medium sized city population expected increase rapidly future fastest growth west south direction area low mountains narrow valleys small river runs valleys streams run mountains covered forests commercial high recreation valleys fertile fifty flooded times heavy rains expensive homes surrounded acres land built sides mountains southward lies area low rolling hills covered forests development area high priced homes large lots parts forest allowed remain subdivisions low priced homes forest cover completely removed hills eroded large part land developed directly east marsh wildlife marsh land flat solid rock foundation land farmed rocky major farming area area dotted small lakes recreation large valley broad flat mountains north area beautiful part area developed farmland remains beneath soil layer rock gravel holds water excellent source pure water city polluted industrial wastes sewers
ruined thought eli whitney cotton gin pull seeds cotton fast cheaply able cheaper clothes gin easy copying paying idea october wrote partner labored hard labored shattered oar struggled vain whitney going give easily disappointment thinking heard government needed muskets federal armory springfield massachusetts america musket hand took expensive part broke couldn buy part parts musket secretary treasury walcott received letter whitney undertake manufacture ten fifteen thousand muskets deliver walcott knew factory muskets congress debated giving whitney contract muskets words unbelievable walcott knew cotton gin willing chance whitney job going let entire gun slow costly guns figured divide job parts
america beautiful cliche countries earth wealth mountains seashores plains deserts tropical deltas canyons streams forests lakes wide diversity geographical areas size country american literature special richness highlighted regional writing americans live reflect views hopes dreams stories poems volume suggest answers city country unit examines seemingly straightforward contrast city country living beneath apparent simplicity lies greatest dividing line americans backgrounds young country nearly percent rural grew modern largely urban nation swing rural suburban historically distrust misunderstanding country folk city cousins today racial mixture america polarized lines needs attitudes urban rural americans reflected culture politics systems quiet rustic ambience traditional farm hard tough frightening city ghetto selections unit show women reacting environments truly american america country move migrants mayflower pioneers conestoga wagons oakies fleeing dustbowl thirties traveling uniquely american preoccupation unit journeys examines types journeys americans backgrounds history country journeys car foot boat solitary wanderer escaped slave seeking freedom true meaning american experience captured motion country moves
let spend deliberately nature thrown track nutshell mosquito wing falls rails let rise early fast break fast gently perturbation let company let company let bells ring children cry determined knock stream let upset overwhelmed terrible rapid whirlpool called dinner situated meridian shallows weather danger safe rest hill unrelaxed nerves morning vigor sail looking tied mast ulysses engine whistles let whistle till hoarse pains bell rings run consider kind music let settle wedge feet downward mud slush opinion prejudice tradition delusion appearance covers globe paris london york boston concord church poetry philosophy religion till hard bottom rocks place call reality say mistake begin point freshet frost fire place found wall set lamppost safely gauge future ages deep freshet appearances gathered stand fronting face face fact sun glimmer surfaces cimeter feel sweet edge dividing heart marrow happily conclude mortal career
worked hairline triumph catastrophe odds felt narrow understood realized parents thought lives expected shine redeem constant anxiety existence american child offering strange god monument liberation shame shame fact believe matter course gleeful discounting parents greeted fresh victory savage competition high averages prizes condescending words official praise principal assembly sickening invocation americanism word accusing apparently families teachers tacitly agreed ashamed hard say certainly brownsville jews simply spoke language home absent holy days refined correct nice english required school naturally speak teachers sure english peculiarly ladder advancement future young lawyer known communists socialists pitkin avenue spoke bright clean polished expected show pair shoes
close giggled put hand hand lipstick ashamed say told yes change writing girl talk dark decide places handwriting wasn bad remembered reputation think sure laughing eastside pulled hand told run crusader told don want partners especially calling crusader screamed ugly squash nose punk called spit face missed didn argue cut sewer threw lipstick drifted banks broadway bailey spot writing lot pass hate brag streetlamp shone solid gold stood side checked walked past inspected tell feel rings cash register cadillac buy paper saw smiled age father bet give job asked bet home office morning
boarding house told handsome mary seen asking woman girls removed let food kind person main mary replied gave beggars street true looking neighborhood going kitchen accosted cook shriveled welshwoman saucy tongue sailors called brandy nan begged give cold victuals vault broke storm swearing miserable occupants vault refused stepped room dinner spread waiting till girl snatched bread cheese stand thrustng bosom frock left house hurrying lane dropped food vault girls caught convulsively fell apparently fainting sister pushed arm took bread hand weak uncertain grasp infant mouth letting fall murmuring faintly water woman stir head bowed seen seeing ran docks mean sailor tavern begged pitcher cross refused pay money
ape begun suffer heat listless novelty worn heat pays attention belowdecks spends canvas sun shield chewing slowly mouth hot light white uncompromising sears eyes freed champions irons restored pay act won crew caused factions disappear thinks ape dare risk recurrence bad feeling decided cast sea found strong seaward current carried open ocean shore barren coast earth thought survive typhoon living picked whirled incomprehensible speed carried miles earth thrown sea death sentence survived survive arabian desert expression sad fierce looks neutral days target provocation physical blows ordered stopped sailor throw nail piece wood soon rid yesterday alongside british ship stonepool dutch express line seeing ape envious captain asked amazed coloring
opinion capital punishment death penalty crimes disagree violently question reason story russian author anton chekhov popularity discover reason tale death kind dark autumn night banker pacing corner corner room recalling mind party autumn fifteen clever party talk talked things capital punishment guests part disapproved found fashioned evil form punishment thought place country called christian thought captial punishment replaced prison don agree host opinion capital punishment kinder prison execution kills instantly prison kills degrees kill seconds draw bad guests purpose government god human give company young lawyer evil stated offered chance definitely prison live live nonsense
unexpected thrashing frightened wolf leaped forward hurriedly gobbled left horse course eaten horse harness continued lash whip speed unknown parts arrived st petersburg unexpected manner amazement saw quick mind soul success hunter sportsman forest russia met fine black fox fur valuable sure valuable fact pity tear bullet fox stood close tree flash removed shell gun bit lead projectile teeth spitting replaced large nail flash bang hit animal cleverly nailed tail tree close taking whip managed beat fox fine skin chance luck correct mistakes fact real proof nailing black fox deep forest saw wild pig running sow close fired missed pig lead ran sow stood motionless fixed ground approached sow move examining found blind age mouth hung tail pig leading rope
giovanna mother children sure half excuse going ask son lies ill love limits wants want dearest thing giovanna deep set eyes full open federigo adoring face falcon federigo falcon boy surely turn worse lose owe federigo nobility let say saved son noble gift federigo stared empty plates table tried feet legs support monna giovanna federigo sadly meal poor house worthy eaten falcon froze federigo cursed silently fool remembered walking madly house looking money smallest silver piece banquet money kitchen found small piece meat saved meal person let room eyes fallen falcon cage put hands found fat hope tears welled federigo eyes dear lady murmured fell love complained fortune times
pick hitchhiker rule road safe drivers rule exceptions brilliant english author roald dahl proves story follows fasten seat belt read bump end road car exciting toy big bmw li means liter wheelbase fuel injection top speed mph terrific acceleration body pale blue seats inside darker blue leather genuine soft leather finest quality windows electrically operated sunroof radio aerial popped switched radio disappeared switched powerful engine growled grunted impatiently slow speeds sixty miles hour growling stopped motor began purr pleasure driving london lovely june haymaking fields buttercups sides road whispering mph leaning comfortably seat couple fingers resting lightly wheel steady ahead saw thumbing lift touched brake brought car stop stopped hitchhikers knew feel standing side country road watching cars hated drivers pretending didn especially big cars empty seats large expensive cars seldom stopped
breakfasted morning glancing morning paper lighted pipe proceeded let mind wander hope chance subject pencil room door windows open oppressively hot mind coolest comfortable place neighborhood deep end public swimming pool idea began draw intent left lunch untouched stopping clock st jude struck final result hurried sketch felt sure thing showed criminal courtroom immediately judge pronounced sentence fat enormously fat flesh hung rolls chin creased huge stumpy neck clean shaven say days clean shaven bald stood courtroom short clumsy fingers clasping rail looking straight front feeling expression conveyed horror utter absolute collapse strong sustain mountain flesh rolled sketch knowing pocket rare sense happiness knowledge thing left house believe set idea calling trenton remember walking lytton street turning gilchrist road bottom hill streetcar lines
period blackness swooned recovery felt sick weak agony period human nature wanted food painful effort stretched left arm picked small piece meat spared rats put lips rushed mind half formed thought joy hope say half formed thought completed felt hope felt disappeared started form mind vain struggled regain suffering affected mind imbecile idiot swing pendulum angles body saw knife passed region heart slice cloth robe return repeat slicing happen hissing blade cut cloth spite wide sweep thirty feet cut cloth thought paused forced think sound steel passed garment steadily crept took mad pleasure contrasting slow descent whistling sidelong speed left wide shriek damned spirit laughed howled certainly cruelly swung inches chest struggled violently furiously free left arm free elbow hand
experience comes senses matter senses bombarded stimuli senses totally dormant moment bombardment constant begin block parts blocking say believe times seen heard sense feel affecting smell taste experienced process desensitizing getting touch senses disastrous writer imaginative literature communicate experience readers constantly tuned senses writer sensory awareness tuned allow reader participate experience accomplishes directly sounds rhythms words indirectly images seen heard tasted touched smelled felt inside creating images central writer fresh image image experience makes experience unique tired images images created ago images dog tired sparkling pure snow tend destroy uniqueness experience things makes august successful poem quality images notice images bloated clouds melting moons stubbing street limp living rooms slice polar ice scoop december hurrying home green gray heard objects actions uniqueness images adds vividness poem creates desired emotional response reader
recorded history tried alter environment improve tinkering unexpected results earliest examples altering environment involve farming ago sumerians lower tigris euphrates valley built system canals dikes system control yearly floodwaters carry water crops dry areas water flowed mountains picked salts hills fields water plants rest evaporated left salts soil collected centuries salt content soil high crops grow babylonians occupied land paid price tinkering early egyptian pharoahs built pyramids ago quarry huge amounts stone pyramid needed million metric tons tons stone process obtaining stone landscape badly scarred india method making rust resistant iron discovered method later persians arabs fine damascus steel swords holy wars unexpected later application indian discovery chinese discovered explosive mixture potassium nitrate fireworks amusement centuries later mixture gunpowder bad water salt stone steel potassium nitrate determine things helpful harmful
process measuring mass comparing masses balance called massing unfortunately terms apply measurement weight incorrectly applied measurement mass standard masses balance incorrectly called weights process balance compare masses incorrectly called weighing important measurement length length distance covered line segment connecting points standard measuring length metal bar sevres france metal bar scratches distance scratches defined meter standard meter redefined meter defined terms wavelength color light appendix length measured rule similar device rulers everyday accurate standard precise rulers fourth grade arithmetic class accurate rulers science library basic measurement interval occurrences present standard standard length defined terms electronic transition atom older standard adequate measurement older standard average division called common device measuring watch clock precise timepieces include chronometer atomic clock solid timer hot expression mean
pounding pulling heating change chemical character substance pounded copper copper physical appearance changed called physical dividing piece material smaller pieces tearing paper dissolving sugar water pouring liquid container examples physical physical occur melting point boiling point substance melting point solid liquid vice versa boiling point liquid gas vice versa physical called substance altered physical physical change find chemistry distillation distillation change operation separate substances boiling points instance separate solution water heating solution temperature equal boiling point solution water turned steam escape container salt boiling point reached remain separation based phase difference depends solubility substance insoluble substance forms solution called precipitate process called crystallization substances form crystals precipitate substances specific solubility amount solute dissolves water temperature separate substances solution process called fractional crystallization notice figure potassium bromide kbr soluble potassium nitrate
substance exposed intensity light heat form energy atoms absorb energy atoms excited atoms molecules excited energy occur observed excited atom molecule produces unique energy identify kind atom molecule radiant energy types emitted absorbed excited atoms molecules methods studying substances exposed sort continuous exciting energy called spectroscopy originally spectroscopy studying visible spectrum light spectroscopy covers broader range methods type energy emitted excited atoms molecules form energy absorbed atoms molecules light form radiant electromagnetic energy forms electromagnetic energy radio infrared ultraviolet ray energy consists variation electric magnetic fields variation takes place regular repeating fashion plot strength variation graph waves energy number peaks wave occur unit called frequency wave frequency represented greek letter radiant energy travels speed light speed light represented letter important characteristic waves physical distance peaks characteristic called wavelength represented lambda spectroscopy wavelength light absorbed characteristic substance excited
schrodinger treated electron wave developed mathematical equation describe wave behavior schrodinger equation related amplitude electron wave psi point space nucleus pointed physical meaning values avoid trying assume terms total energy potential energy electron involved equation computing total energy potential energy numbers numbers important chemistry term total energy mass electron charge electron planck constant positive number values symbol represents quantum numbers quantum numbers describing electron behavior studied detail later sections actual wave equation involves mathematics familiar physical significance mathematics pointed max born worked square absolute amplitude showed gave probability finding electron point space equation solved schrodinger wave equation determine probability finding hydrogen electron place purpose equation results predicted bohr probabilities computed finding electron points line nucleus point higher probability figure carry process probabilities thousands points space calculated
sodium chlorine located opposite ends row periodic table sodium found left side table metal chlorine side table column viia nonmetal sodium chlorine partially filled levels outer electrons part reactions separated positively charged nucleus levels levels ten electrons sodium chlorine chlorine nucleus seventeen protons sodium nucleus eleven protons outer electrons chlorine atom attracted protons outer electrons sodium atom chlorine electrons held tightly chlorine atom smaller sodium atom sodium chlorine form compound sodium chloride common table salt sodium atom holds single outer electron loosely chlorine sodium react positive chlorine nucleus removes single outer electron sodium atom sodium ion formed eleven protons ten electrons charge positively charged nucleus attracting fewer electrons sodium ion smaller sodium atom sodium ion stable outer level outer level stable noble gas neon chlorine atom gained electron seventeen protons nucleus attracting eighteen electrons chloride ion charge chloride ion larger chlorine atom ion stable outer level configuration noble gas argon compound formed sodium ions chloride ions stable
word chemistry ways describe activity chemists chemists word chemistry means chemical knowledge resulting activities chemists chemistry affects lives ways sick physician prescribes drug discovered produced chemists chemical research responsible synthetic fibers plastics synthetic rubber tires parts automobiles synthetic fertilizers increase yield food acre land developed chemical laboratory insecticides prevent destruction crops insects product think affected chemists production beneficial materials affected plant animal human harmful ways poisonous wastes chemical plant japan found fish living nearby waters persons eating fish died result poison industrial wastes released hudson river collected bodies fish living waters making inedible air manufacturing plants unfit breathe result industrial pollution streams rivers lakes unfit human industrial pollution manufacture products created unexpected problems lead exhaust automobiles released air carried earth currents atmosphere found ice north pole presence air health hazard affecting animal human manufacturing chemicals intended beneficial purposes mishap drug called thalidomide pregnant women help sleep resulted deformities babies
common type hydrogen called protium atoms simplest composition nucleus protium atom consists proton proton electron moving electron found distance nucleus innermost shell lowest energy level electron shell energy level called shell energy level scientists discover electrons arranged atoms element studying chemical properties element spectrum illustration help understand sizes distances particles protium atom picture nucleus proton cm diameter diameter end finger comparatively electron larger moves nucleus average distance distance half length football field electron moves rapidly nucleus effectively occupying surrounding space atomic number atom number protons nucleus atom element consists atoms number protons nucleus atoms element atomic number unexcited neutral atoms element arrangement electrons nuclei atoms element hydrogen proton nucleus atomic number atom atomic number proton nucleus hydrogen atom addition protium makes naturally occurring hydrogen known forms hydrogen atoms
visible light kind electromagnetic radiation kinds electromagnetic radiation rays ultraviolet infrared light radio waves electromagnetic radiations forms energy travel space waves move rate sec speed light vacuum wave motion speed equals product frequency number waves passing point wavelength electromagnetic radiation speed light frequency lambda wavelength electromagnetic radiation product constant inversely proportional figure preceding page electromagnetic radiation addition wave characteristics properties particles electromagnetic radiation transferred matter units quanta energy called photons energy photon proportional frequency radiation energy photon frequency radiation related hf energy photon proportionality constant called planck constant frequency radiation planck constant types electromagnetic radiation multiplied planck constant equals directly proportional stated energy transferred matter photon units absorption photon atom increases energy definite quantity hf atom absorbed energy called excited atom excited atoms radiate energy radiation photon units figure atoms excited heating flame electric arc
law proposed john dalton connection atomic theory recognized possibility kinds atoms combine proportion atoms involved combinations dalton reasoned masses atom combined fixed masses atom ratio small numbers ratio ratio actual numbers atoms element combined fixed number atoms element information summarized law multiple proportions strongest supports atomic theory today scientists recognize reasons truth law multiple proportions elements exist oxidation elements combine element iron exist compounds iron ii ions oxidation number iron iii ions oxidation number elements iron chlorine found combined compounds iron ii chloride iron iii chloride ratio numbers atoms chlorine combined single atom iron recognized dalton relative numbers atoms combine proportional masses combine ratio masses chlorine combined fixed mass iron compounds analysis composition molecular structure water hydrogen peroxide lead electron dot formulas formulas represent patterns kinds atoms combine molecule water hydrogen atoms combined oxygen atom
ozone poisonous blue gas irritating pungent odor denser oxygen soluble water physical properties oxygen ozone compared table ozone molecules energy oxygen molecules ozone vigorous oxidizing agents known destroys bacteria colors fade rapidly ozone applications oxidizing properties ozone destroys bacteria fungi algae ozone excellent water purifying agent concentrations part million completely sterilizes water deodorizes removes objectionable impurities iron manganese compounds ozone disinfect sewage ozone producing metal oxides bleaching wet paper pulp wet textile fibers preparing complex compounds carbon hydrogen oxygen hydrogen gas ordinary temperatures ranks ninth abundance weight chemical elements earth surface environment known universe atoms hydrogen chemical element earth hydrogen combined elements variety compounds compounds hydrogen element free elemental hydrogen exists covalent diatomic molecules common earth flammability small traces elemental hydrogen derived volcanoes coal mines exist air amounts small hydrogen listed important gases atmosphere tremendous quantities elemental hydrogen occur sun stars ninth water weight combined hydrogen acids element
number molecules occupy widely volumes expression liter air means temperature pressure measured known liter air compressed milliliters volume expand fill auditorium steel cylinders oxygen hydrogen widely industry internal volume liters cylinders returned empty liters gas delivered full times molecules gas compressed cylinder stated temperature gas indication average kinetic energy molecules higher temperature gas kinetic energy molecules rapidly move pressure gas exerts walls container result collisions gas molecules walls volume mole gas molecules remains constant pressure exerted gas increases temperature raised follows pressure exerted mole gas molecules decreases temperature lowered figure pressure exerted mole gas molecules remain temperature increases volume gas occupies increase molecules move faster higher temperatures strike walls container frequently force suppose area wall increased force collisions unit area wall remain lower temperature pressure remain
center disease control atlanta georgia assigned team doctors statisticians technologists problem strange illness found evidence disease passed person sign related food water animals birds mammals insects facts suggest unknown airborne microbe water supply ventilation system kitchen waste disposal sanitation equipment examined microorganisms chemicals found discovery bacterium found lung tissue patients died disease disease scientist set experiments support disprove hypothesis experiments test factor involved hypothesis factor tested called experimental factor experiment include control part control part experiment carried exactly experimental part factor tested omitted control shows effect experimental factor organism found lung tissue injected animals material chick embryos infected bacteria final proof material mixed blood legionnaires disease survived blood chemicals bodies produced fight bacteria chemicals reacted bacteria chick embryo control part experiment blood disease mixed bacteria chick embryo reaction observed
suspensions tubes put centrifuge rotated high speeds produce force hundreds thousands times gravity particles forced bottom tube heaviest particles form bottom layer lightest top layer medium weight middle centrifuge biologists biochemists separate parts cells cells ground contents fine suspension suspension put tubes tubes centrifuge centrifuge rotates heaviest cell parts move bottom tubes bottom layer removed liquid tubes centrifuged heaviest parts found bottom process separating parts cells manner called cell fractionation cell parts isolated cell fractionation examined electron microscope technique biologists gather information place radioactive tracers organisms read chapter radioactive isotopes send charged particles nuclei pathway compounds tracers special equipment cells absorb tracers ground spun centrifuge parts cells separated examined special equipment determined part cell tracer moved result studies chemical reactions related specific structures cells processes place living things need energy energy comes chemical reactions place cell
water cell environment turgor pressure maintained especially important soft plant tissues leaves petals soft stems turgor pressure keeps plant tissue firm turgor pressure low plant wilts remember cell control osmosis direction water diffuses depends difference concentration water molecules inside cell learned happens solution cell hypotonic solution cell higher concentration solutes lower concentration water cell content solution hypertonic water diffuses cell environment outward diffusion continues turgor pressure lost cell content shrinks condition called plasmolysis multicellular plants loss turgor pressure results wilting solution cell concentration solutes concentration water molecules cell content solution isotonic water molecules diffuse plasma membrane cell rate diffusion directions net gain loss water animal cells cell walls animal cells turgor pressure hypotonic solution build point osmosis stops water simply continues diffuse cells cells rid water swell burst celled organisms live fresh water contractile vacuoles organelles act tiny pumps constantly pushing water cell membrane contractile vacuole helps water balance cells
hemophilia bleeder disease sex linked trait passed color blindness hemophilia blood clot effectively result victims disease bleed severely minor wounds die loss blood tooth pulled major problem person hemophilia cure hemophilia genetic understood treatments hemophilia caused defect gene lies chromosome gene controls production substances needed form blood clots hemophilia form substances blood clot transfusions blood substances hemophiliacs lack help today treatment exists biologists prepare extracts important substances donated blood doctors inject extracts hemophiliacs help form substances blood clot reason hemophilia received deal attention occurrence european royalty queen victoria england carrier hemophilia large family son hemophilia daughters sons disease queen victoria carrier hemophilia record bleeders ancestry gene mutation occurred sperm egg combined form zygote developed recessive allele chance pass recessive allele offspring gene chromosome daughters received abnormal allele carriers
scientists studied diseases caused viruses knew virus dr edward jenner found protect smallpox transferring fluid cowpox blister person scratch arm person century later louis pasteur discovered transmit rabies animal injected healthy animal fluid brain spinal cord rabid animal injected animal develop rabies jenner pasteur realized diseases working caused viruses late dutch botanist named martinus beijerinck studied disease tobacco plants called tobacco mosaic word mosaic refers pattern light green yellow areas wilted diseased tobacco leaves beijerinck found transfer disease healthy plants rubbing leaves fluid squeezed diseased leaves knew fluid bacteria passed filters filters fine remove bacteria beijerinck believed contained caused disease paper published called agent infection virus latin word meaning poisonous fluid virus isolated dr wendell stanley removed fluid ton diseased tobacco leaves fluid obtained teaspoonful needlelike crystals stored bottle crystals chemicals crystallize put water rubbed healthy tobacco leaves produced mosaic disease alive
desired gene set genes obtained genetic engineers link dna plasmid virus special enzymes engineered plasmids carry desired genes bacterium enter bacterium transformation plasmids enter yeast cells yeast cell wall partially broken engineered viruses carry genes cells kinds organisms lysogenic infection inside cell foreign dna plasmid virus remain separate cellular dna recombine case foreign dna replicated cell division bacteria divide rapidly copies desired gene genes produced research human gene therapy defective genes replaced cell transcribe transferred gene synthesize protein codes happens dna regions control activity transferred gene present especially genes eukaryotic cells control regions present cell gene produce protein control regions present transferred gene turned cell bacteria yeast cells large amounts human proteins produced engineered organisms produce insulin interferon human growth hormone cases transferred gene recipient organism trait biologists trying transfer genes needed nitrogen fixation blue green bacteria plants plants fix nitrogen air farmers need apply expensive fertilizers soil
emily moon shrewsbury tolerable notion looked comes stranger let draw portrait outward eye enchanged portal seventeen walking golden chrysanthemums lighted autumnal maritime garden place peace garden moon enchanted pleasaunce full rich sensuous colours wonderful spiritual shadows scents pine rose boom bees threnody wind murmurs blue atlantic gulf soft sighing firs lofty john sullivan bush north emily loved flower shadow sound beautiful tree especially intimate beloved trees cluster wild cherries southwest corner princesses lombardy maiden wild plum brook path big spruce centre garden silver maple pine aspen corner gay winds row stately white birches lofty john bush emily glad lived trees ancestral trees planted tended hands dead bound joy sorrow visited lives shadows slender virginal young thing hair black silk purplish grey eyes violet shadows darker alluring emily sat unholy un elizabethan hour completing story working skeleton plot scarlet lips murray crease corners ears puckish slightly pointed tips
glamorous november afternoon summer mild autumn sweet sat read pond burying ground aunt elizabeth thinks gruesome place sit tells aunt laura afraid morbid streak morbid beautiful spot wild sweet odours coming blair water wandering winds quiet peaceful graves green hillocks small frosted ferns springled women house lying women victorious women defeated victory defeat feel exalted depressed sting tang alike things red sandstone slabs especially mary murray stay inscription husband put concealed venom lifetime grave feel sure forgiven ago dark moon look inscription laugh growing dim tiny lichens cousin jimmy scraping overgrow green red silver smear red stone nice happened feel pleasantly exhilarated madison took story flaw indictment yes deserves exclamation points certainty carpenter write italics italics nay capitals hard
carpenter house dark beautiful spring night aunt louisa crying emily cry carpenter opened eyes smiled sly smile tears murmured forbid tears deathbed let louisa drummond crying kitchen earn money asked emily sit till liked thought dying weasels kitchen waiting die aunt louisa aunt elizabeth emily unable repress smile don mind talking talking breath left think carpenter closed eyes relapsed silence emily sat quietly head soft blur darkness window beginning whiten dawn ghostly hands fitful wind played hair perfume june lilies stole bed open window haunting odour sweeter music lost perfumes unutterably dear beautfiul slender black firs exactly height silver dawn lit sky twin spires gothic cathedral rising bank silver mist hung dim moon beautiful evening crescent beauty comfort stimulant emily stress strange vigil
diary dominant factor young vivid place letters written childhood dead father wont write problems worries magic fourteen problems worries especially strict meant tender governance aunt elizabeth murray emily felt diary flown bits reason consuming smoke fat black jimmy book personal friend safe confidant matters burned expression combustible trusted ears living blank books sort easy moon cousin jimmy emily certainly aunt elizabeth give aunt elizabeth thought emily wasted scribbling nonense aunt laura dare contrary aunt elizabeth token laura thought emily employed aunt laura jewel woman things holden eyes cousin jimmy frightened aunt elizabeth notion occurred emily wanted blank book blank book materialised straightway defiance aunt elizabeth scornful glances shrewsbury teeth rising storm reason
counsel perfection dean says don believe able attain honest afraid things word truly afraid mrs kent mad morrison terribly afraid think home derry pond stays roams country looking lost bride married weeks young wife died ago mind insists dead lost find grown bent looking young fair summer peered kitchen wistfully annie gentle wild violent declares hears annie calling voice flits random word face wrinkled shrivelled looks monkey thing hate hand deep blood red birth marked tell fills horror bear touch laughs horribly living thing care black dog say ask bite food
star star book confounded carelessness forgive book faithful picture thank god citizen star promise forget book forget don ugly happy read feel hands soiled couldn wash clean queer feeling gate shut shutting don understand travel tonight tried write description dean jimmy book character sketches didn succeed wrote photograph portrait dean dean took picture camera wasn pleased look course photograph starlight added sharply thought tell young imp teddy kent face pictures business put draws cried teddy picture aunt nancy stole viciously unashamed forgiven aunt nancy keeping picture picture dean stubbornly eyes curve neck tilt head personality
emily stood looked ellen broad red face suddenly turned stone felt stunned ellen struck physical blow colour faded face pupils dilated swallowed irises turned eyes pools blackness effect startling ellen greene felt uncomfortable telling think high told pa months tell putting says says hard takes things drop suddent kill prepared duty prepare says says ellen word doctor told night end mind drop hint prepare laws massy child don look looked ma account murray pride reason won let blood starve strangers hated pa home worry mite pa thankful rest dying inches sufferer
yes recall mother died suddenly don think talk murrays funeral murrays traditions live strictly candles burned light moon quarrel carried past grave dead ill known say behaved murrays moon aunt elizabeth wore black satin dress funeral funeral murray objection mother buried starr lot charlottetown cemetery liked murray burying ground blair water private burying ground indiscriminate graveyard uncle wallace handsomely admitted woman belong husband family death offered bring give mother place refused let emily yes yes yes whispered emily hug yes told oliver murray spoke lived parted child change mind let change mind later doctor told give
emily wakened daylight morning low uncurtained window splendour sunrise coming faint white star lingering crystal green sky rooster pine fresh sweet wind dawn blowing eaves ellen greene sleeping big bed snoring soundly house chance emily waited carefully slipped bed tiptoed room opened door mike uncoiled mat middle floor rubbing warm sides chilly ankles guiltily crept bare dark staircase steps creaked surely waken appeared emily slipped parlour drawing breath relief closed door ran room door aunt ruth floral pillow covered glass casket emily tightening lips gave face odd resemblance aunt elizabeth lifted pillow set floor father father whispered putting hand throat stood shivering white clad figure looked father bye say say murrays father looked beautiful lines pain vanished face looked boy silver hair smiling nice whimsical wise smile suddenly discovered lovely unexpected surprising
attic room nancy swept scrubbed vigorously paying attention corners times vigour put relief feelings ardour efface dirt nancy spite frightened submission mistress saint wish dig corners soul muttered jerkily punctuating words murderous jabs pointed cleaning stick plenty em needs cleaning idea sticking blessed child hot room fire winter big house ter pick choose unnecessary children hump snapped nancy wringing rag hard fingers ached strain guess children unnecessary worked silence task finished looked bare room plain disgust part sighed dirt mightly poor soul pretty place ter put homesick lonesome child finished going closing door bang ejaculated biting lip doggedly don care hope hear bang garden afternoon nancy found minutes interview tom pulled weeds shovelled paths place uncounted tom began nancy throwing quick glance shoulder sure unobserved girl comin ter live miss polly
due telegram announcing pollyanna arrive beldingsville june clock miss polly read telegram frowned climbed stairs attic room frowned looked room contained small bed neatly straight backed chairs washstand bureau mirror small table drapery curtains dormer windows pictures wall sun pouring roof room oven heat screens windows raised big fly buzzing angrily trying miss polly killed fly swept window raising sash inch purpose straightened chair frowned left room nancy minutes later kitchen door found fly upstairs miss pollyanna room window raised ordered screens expect windows remain closed niece arrive tomorrow clock desire meet station timothy open buggy drive telegram says light hair red checked gingham dress straw hat think sufficient purpose yes ma miss polly evidently read pause aright frowned crisply think turned miss polly arrangements comfort niece pollyanna complete
miss polly harrington rise meet niece looked book true nancy girl appeared sitting room doorway held hand duty written large coldly extended finger pollyanna chance say pollyanna fairly flown room flung aunt scandalized unyielding lap aunt polly aunt polly don glad let live sobbing don perfectly lovely nancy ladies aid likely pleasure ladies aid acquaintance rejoined miss polly stiffly trying unclasp small clinging fingers turning frowning eyes nancy doorway nancy pollyanna stand erect proper manner don look pollyanna drew laughing hysterically suppose don look anyway account freckles explain red gingham black velvet basque white spots elbows told nancy father yes mind father interrupted miss polly crisply trunk presume yes aunt polly beautiful trunk ladies aid gave haven mean barrels haven clothes girls lately father books mrs white thought
yes yes ruth dear jamie happy think sighed mrs carew indifferently ruth ejaculated sister stung anger suddenly laughed ruth ruth give dose pollyana don needs mrs carew stiffened pollyanna don don want retorted sharply nettled turn beloved sanatorium patient dosed bossed remember della wetherby eyes danced lips remained unsmiling pollyanna medicine dear demurely heard call tonic pollyanna girl child retorted aggrievedly belladonna sure don pollyanna re recommending distinctly dose dose means medicine sort pollyanna medicine sort smiled della anyway sanatorium doctors declare medicine give girl ruth twelve thirteen sanatorium summer winter didn month left soon arrived fully spell sanatorium talking pollyanna playing game game yes nodded della curious smile glad game forget introduction
wife fire covered husband recumbent figure grey worsted afghan mrs chilton wedding forty short wifehood tried crowd loving service babying accumulating twenty lovelessness loneliness doctor forty wedding remember loneliness lovelessness part object concentrated tending acted enjoyed careful show ardently discovered mrs polly miss polly inclined retreat panic dub ministrations silly received notice eagerness contented mere pat hand gave afghan final smooth settled read letter aloud dear mrs chilton della wetherby written times commended letter torn decided commence tell want want pollyanna met husband march pollyanna home presume don remember asking dr ames write husband hope fear trust dear niece
vermont village knew pollyanna playing game refraining ignorance glad game house pollyanna carried news going boston spend winter loudly rose clamour regret remonstrance nancy aunt polly kitchen house hill lived john pendleton nancy hesitate say mistress considered boston trip foolishness part glad miss pollyanna home corners mrs polly germany wanted hill john pendleton practically thing hesitate say mrs chilton jimmy twelve boy john pendleton home pollyanna wanted adopted wanted jimmy jimmy indignant slow show reproached pollyanna tone voice small boy apt wants hide fact heart march going stay winter don care posed going thing wouldn helped mite meet flags bands things sanatorium
rosy faced servant maid opened door smiled took letter silently offered receiving strange boys pointed seat hall nod sit drip mat bit missis nat found plenty amuse waited stared curiously enjoying view glad unobserved dusky recess door house swarming boys beguiling rainy twilight sorts amusements boys upstairs downstairs lady chamber apparently open doors showed pleasant groups big boys boys middle sized boys stages evening relaxation say effervescence large rooms evidently schoolrooms desks maps blackboards books scattered open fire burned hearth indolent lads lay backs discussing cricket ground animation boots waved air tall youth practicing flute corner undisturbed racket jumping desks pausing breath laugh droll sketches wag caricaturing household blackboard room left supper table seen set pitchers milk piles brown white bread perfect stacks shiny gingerbread dear boyish souls flavor toast air suggestions baked apples tantalizing hungry nose stomach
momentary lull aquatic exercises sudden appearance pillows flying directions hurled white goblins rioting beds battle raged rooms upper hall surged intervals nursery hard pressed warrior took refuge mind explosion forbade looked surprised nursery hanging towels mrs bhaer laid clean clothes calmly perfect order reigned nay chased daring boy room fired pillow slyly thrown won hurt em asked nat lay laughing dear allow pillow fight saturday night cases changed tomorrow glow boys baths mrs bhaer busy dozen pairs socks nice school observed nat burst admiration odd laughed mrs bhaer don believe making children miserable rules study forbade nightgown parties bless boys beds jacks box agreement allow fifteen minute pillow fight saturday night promised properly bed night tried worked don word frolic turn glasses round put lamps safe places let rampage
nat climbed ladder put head trap door took look pretty doves billing cooing spacious loft nests bustling sitting doors flying sunny housetop straw strewn farmyard sleek cows placidly ruminating wish dove hen turtle thought nat feeling poor saw interesting treasures boys things asked joined tommy barn find em buy em folks give em father sends mine soon egg money going buy pair ducks nice pond em barn pay duck eggs duckies pretty fun em swim tommy air millionaire nat sighed father money wide empty pocketbook skill lay ten fingertips tommy understand question sigh answer moment deep thought suddenly broke look tell hunt eggs hate give egg dozen account twelve mother bhaer give twenty cents em buy don kind feller tommy cried nat dazzled brilliant offer
edwina malvolia meredith exactly alike golden greyhounds golden hair sleek fine faces antelopes shoulders steady zulu women carrying water bodies beneath shoulders rippled moved seventeen sixteen fifteen velvet fourteen velvet short pale hair large protruding teeth sweet smile mouthful metal brown swilling slaughter house mi taylor sound hose swished wooden partition separated slaughter house sitting room beautifully velvet laying tiny paper horse table wrenched gold band bound teeth laid horse father minute edwina warningly going directly hear sound velvet sitting swept plate lap look lovingly taking paper horse unsaddle rub heads bent lesson books velvet took tiny bridle cotton threads horse going shell box sideboard brought table supper mally clear velvet opened box took stable rubber inches square portion handkerchief hemmed round laying horse flat table rubbed delicacy circular motions paper saddle horse racer cut bystander stood inches high raking neck keen veined face
radish velvet couldn bite radish brown happily leant light pipe browns tilted chairs told hurt carpet ate ruminated tilted mrs brown sat solid silent talk managed till shop street knew courage endurance ounce strength swallow overcome timidity valued appraised daughter knew daughter glad daughters boys understand courage courage women brown dignity head family mrs brown standard family velvet fallen pier age mother thirty feet sixteen stone royal blue afternoon dress straight dive dive ageing mammoth reporter west worthing news story edwina mother swum channel didn edwina nodded mother ask past past young mrs brown heavily shut mouth door mi taylor father trained mrs brown swim trained girl nineteen neckless clumsy incredibly enduring mi flyweight boxer killed wretched creature status lymphaticus exonerated disqualified tramped country held horses cleaned stables drifted nearer nearer racing till knew feel horse
morning meredith suet shin beef pendean school term rose mi called downstairs heated coffee left night gave sardines pieces bread meredith saddle miss ada miss ada crupper saddle partly hills steep partly shoulders meredith forgot crupper left dangling put girths twisted put canary breeder basket suet started miss ada tapped smartly village street tarmac flints church shone looking glass meredith trotted east rising sun toes warm sardines bread coffee digested comfortingly hullocks valleys sun shadow cup saucer tarred gate wired gate broken gate finally pendean valley house gave beef suet stopped talk lucy farm daughter lucy temperature started home journey crupper dangling miss ada restive sore twisted girth dead horse patch meredith suddenly aloud disliked sound spoken words lonely landscape miss ada ears forward village miles ways sea level steep fields chalk road steep fields gates broken reaping machine cabbage field haystack place horse dropped dead
ladies chat sudden end jamie fished hogshead steamer hove sight forgotten swung slowly enter dock boyish voice shouted uncle phebe hooray cousin rose small cheers jamie stood post waving arms windmill brother held tail jacket yes uncle alec swinging hat boy phebe smiling nodding side rose kissing hands delightedly recognized familiar faces heard familiar voices welcoming home bless dear heart bonnier looks madonna blue cloak round bright hair flying wind charlie excitedly watched group deck eager eyes madonnas don wear hats rose changed phebe regular beauty answered archie staring dark eyed young woman brilliant color glossy black braids shining sun dear uncle mac looking dear uncle fervent remark saw slender blond girl nearby stretched hands meet forgetful green water tumbling confusion reigned moment steamer settled moorings rose looked faces upturned read pleased pained
charlie shot quick look mother exclaimed spite alec going let girl squander fine fortune sorts charitable nonsense wild schemes prevention pauperism crime give poor lend lord practical christianity kind loves dr alec answered silenced aunts caused prudent uncle mac think sudden satisfaction secret investments paid interest thanks poor archie mac looked pleased promised advice assistance enthusiasm generous young hearts steve shook head lads rug proposed founding hospital invalid dogs horses white mice wounded heroes don think woman spend dancing dressing husband hunting charlie asked rose observing silence anxious approval pretty effective don captivating sweet girl meek bonnet going charitable errands glorifying poor houses delightful mixture beauty benevolence fortunately dear souls soon tire heavenly lasts charlie spoke tone mingled admiration contempt smiled superior sort smile understood innocent delusions artful devices sex expected surprised grieved rose sound charlie left ago reproachful look proud gesture head hand put subject treated respect sorry low opinion women
home wonder minds exclaimed rose roaming house morning full satisfaction feels revisiting familiar nooks corners finding unchanged pleasure coming answered phebe walking hall mistress happy left rose leaves tuck continued younger girl peeping tall india jars stood hall don remember jamie pokey play forty thieves tried blue stuck boys found pull asked phebe laughing yes speaking angels apt hear rustling wings added rose shrill whistle avenue accompanied clatter hoofs circus cried phebe gaily recalled red cart charge clan boy alas noise half dozen rose run door jamie bouncing shining morning face bat shoulder red white jockey cap head pocket bulging big ball overflowing cookies mouth full apple finishing hot haste morning looked sure observed saluting bat doffing gay cap effective twitch
leave post office maplewood morning woman alighted wagon coming inquired riverboro stage cobb answered affirmative nodded child eagerly waiting answer ran feared moment late child ten eleven number summers air small age mother helped stagecoach deposited bundle bouquet lilacs superintended roping hair trunk finally paid fare counting silver care want sisters riverboro mirandy jane sawyer live brick house lord bless soul knew em em going re expecting eye folks company bye rebecca try mischief sit quiet look neat nice don trouble cobb kind excited cars temperance yesterday slept night cousin drove house miles morning bye mother don worry traveled woman gave short sardonic laugh explanatory cobb wareham stayed overnight journey proud
hair longer hands whiter shoes thinner manner trifle polished soberer mates department failed shine making sufficient money live luckily responsibilities father twin brother died boy mother noteworthy achievement naming twin sons marquis de lafayette lorenzo de medici randall supported educated child making coats death wont say plaintively afraid faculties divided twins awful talented guess woulda practical lived practical richest girl village replied mrs robinson yes sighed mother twins coulda married aurelia sawyer twoulda talented nough reely money woulda practical nough kep aurelia share modest sawyer property put thing handsome luckless lorenzo de graceful poetic making investment son daughter blessed union birthday present child aurelia say nest egg future aurelia remarked moment bitterness hen lived sit eggs hatch miranda jane virtually washed hands aurelia married lorenzo de medici randall
clean house rebecca rebecca urged jane scrubbed washed baked child bought watson stock dry goods aurelia don responded miranda seen house seen batch children wearin clothes carin em side live dress child passel things borrowed rest family hannah shoes john undershirts mark socks likely suppose thimble finger feelin ben days bought piece unbleached muslin piece brown gingham busy course won pick duster hard train ways heathen acknowledged jane turn biddable think mind spoken biddable remarked miranda shake towel miranda sawyer heart course purpose pumping circulating blood conscientious economical industrious regular attendant church sunday school member missionary bible societies presence chilly virtues longed warm fault lacking likable failing sure alive
sit jerusha say jerusha dropped nearest chair waited touch breathlessness automobile flashed past window mrs lippett glanced notice gentleman saw affluential trustees large sums money asylum support liberty mention expressly stipulated remain unknown jerusha eyes widened slightly accustomed summoned office discuss eccentricities trustees matron gentleman interest boys remember charles benton henry freize college er trustee repaid hard success money generously expended payment gentleman wish heretofore philanthropies directed solely boys able interest slightest degree girls institution matter deserving tell care girls ma jerusha murmured reply expected point today regular meeting question future brought mrs lippett allowed moment silence fall resumed slow placid manner extremely trying hearer suddenly tightened nerves
unbreakable rule study night matter written reviews coming morning read plain books eighteen blank wouldn believe daddy abyss ignorance mind realizing depths things girls properly assorted family home friends library absorption heard read mother goose david copperfield ivanhoe cinderella bluebeard robinson crusoe jane eyre alice wonderland word rudyard kipling didn henry eighth married shelley poet didn monkeys garden eden beautiful myth didn stood robert louis stevenson george eliot lady seen picture mona lisa true won believe heard sherlock holmes things lot need catch fun look forward evening put engaged door nice red bathrobe furry slippers pile cushions couch light brass student lap elbow read read read book going re tennyson poems vanity fair kipling plain tales don laugh women find girl college wasn brought women haven told stamp queer
molasses candy pull friday evening house matron fergussen left halls twenty altogether freshmen sophomores juniors seniors united amicable accord kitchen huge copper pots kettles hanging rows stone wall littlest casserole size washboiler hundred girls live fergussen chef white cap apron fetched twenty white caps aprons imagine turned cooks fun seen candy finally finished kitchen doorknobs sticky organized procession caps aprons carrying big fork spoon frying pan marched empty corridors officers parlor half dozen professors instructors passing tranquil evening serenaded college songs offered refreshments accepted politely dubiously left sucking chunks molasses candy sticky speechless daddy education progresses don think artist author vacation days glad girls tower trifle lonely occupy house built hundred rattle bit eleven pages poor daddy tired meant short thank note started ready pen
certainly coldness hardness aunt harriet aunt frances treated elizabeth ann responsibility especially aunt frances conscientious soon baby live aunt frances stopped reading novels magazines re read book told bring children joined mothers club met week took correspondence course school chicago taught mother craft mail elizabeth ann aunt frances known deal bring children elizabeth ann benefit aunt frances girl simply inseparable shared elizabeth ann doings thoughts felt share girl thoughts determined understand elizabeth ann bottom mind aunt frances bottom mind thought mother understood meant elizabeth ann loved girl heart longed protect harm happy strong elizabeth ann strong happy judge read story small age pale face big dark eyes frightened wistful expression aunt frances tender heart ache care elizabeth ann
happened changed elizabeth ann forever small thing aunt harriet coughed elizabeth ann think bad sounding cough comparison grace hollow whoop aunt harriet coughing cold weather set months thought occupied taking care sensitive nervous girl sound small discreet cough aunt harriet hand doctor whirled fixed sharp eyes bored impatient look elizabeth ann seen look interested going quickly aunt harriet snatched bag shiny thing rubber tubes attached put ends tubes ears shiny thing aunt harriet saying doctor teasing cough winter meant tell forgot sore spot lungs doctor motioned impolitely stop talking listened hard tubes turned looked aunt frances angry child elizabeth ann knew forces swept revolving small person exactly remember
imagine terror elizabeth ann train carried vermont horrible putney farm happened quickly satchel packed telegram train caught wits assert say sinking notion wouldn pay attention end aunt frances wasn care familiar air half breathe aunt frances putney farm shrank seat frightened end journey nearer looked dismally winter landscape thinking hideous brown bare fields brown bare trees quick running streams hurrying swollen january thaw snow hills heard elders say times stand cold shivered thought cold weather certainly look colder bleak country train slowly making engine puffed puffed laboring breaths shook elizabeth ann diaphragm train moved slowly elizabeth ann feel feet floor car tipped crept steep incline pretty stiff grade passenger conductor bet assented hillsboro station top hill
poor things say haven bringing scrambled set lips tightly fly faster schooling don thought coming winter shut cold took feed warm money faster clear store changed hands failed usual supply sacks coats sad havoc quarters half dollars laid nest egg say fly brisker help mother ambition children older younger polly ben souls desire grew overwhelmingly absorb lesser thoughts vast secret plans astonish future confide brother sister stood loyally thick thin polly ten ben older younger peppers called looked intensest admiration love failed couldn dear exclaimed polly sat corner window helping mother pull basting threads coat finished giving impatient twitch sleeve wish light want
let cried joel springing forward turn dave shingles turn polly tis polly forgot flung wood poked nice heap coaxingly help burn cake mamsie big cried phronsie hopping set toes mamsie won polly don believe polly gaily stuffing wood dear goes ben putty joel going stove explore added cheerfully bigger awful big hole polly polly distress hateful crack ben clear deacon run cried joel briskly bring home ten minutes joe cried polly alarm wouldn mamsie wouldn asked joel pausing door sure don polly getting knees examine crack stuff paper pose stay joel scornfully don stuffed week polly small sigh sitting floor remained minute black hands thrust straight fix asked davie soberly coming cake
run cinnamon joey polly provision room provision room shed tacked main house reached short flight rickety steps called polly twas place provisions haven finished sounds nice dave eat cinnamon handed joel flew davie polly cake ready oven admiring glances phronsie extremely greatly revered doll tightly hugged arms watching biggest eyes depths chair oven door shut happy bang polly gathered phronsie arms sat chair watch process cooking bumping noise provision room sounded ominous smothered sound words scuffling floor boys called polly answer mouse joel david called polly loudest tones yes crooked stairs davie voice polly stairs trudged boys presented sheepishly big chair noise asked pail answered joel looking eat davie explanation let polly bread want
phronsie dropped small hand side stood regarding visitor goodness ejaculated mrs chatterton startled elegance pausing adjust glass eyes advantage exclaimed king welcome ask brought eunice mrs chatterton gathered smiled superior mind reasons cousin horatio fine child glass play pray tell observed king seating utmost deliberateness drawing phronsie accustomed place knee nestled regardless immaculate linen fine waistcoat phronsie pepper fine child fine child madam cried mrs chatterton holding hands think demean actually mussing shirt front dirty hands phronsie pepper hands dirty madam gentleman gravely sit child phronsie alarm struggled slip lap thrusting members referred mrs chatterton burst loud laugh think horatio king jasper horatio king repeated scornfully heard bascombs letters wouldn believe till eyes positively dreadful king put head laughed heartily phronsie ceased struggle turned regard silent astonishment
phronsie polly knees princess slowly evolving thing beauty hold minute dear thrust pin turned head critically view hope phronsie sighed stretch wee bit polly asked timidly pin bit sure polly looking flushed face tell walk window rest give chance matter drapery phronsie pleased gathered embryo robe princess moved bewildering tangle silver spangles floating lace drawn skirt mrs whitney white satin gowns dash royal purple polly sitting floor resting tired hands knees put wrinkled eyebrows moment lost thought momentous problem sprang exultantly phronsie won perfectly lovely piece tissue paper auntie gave cut knots sashes soft gaslight look silk fine princess sew purple paper asked phronsie pausing suddenly look shoulder dismay polly yes course polly dash royal purple bit tissue paper glory princess cried sparkling eyes dear wish
dentist polly making wry face auntie appointment afternoon couldn put rehearsal clare phronsie turned anxious face window hope hurt slowly don believe polly haste answer cheerfully tooth phronsie filled auntie says dr porter told rest cloud rested princess face tooth think nice dick comes scampering cried jasper hilarity climb sofa phronsie urged polly looking pale face sit rest bit re tired read prologue rests jasper polly care child alarm curl corner princesses don don phronsie flying lovely corner straighten dignity required girls polly polly rescuing hand silver spangles lace forget princesses phronsie re phronsie sitting stiffly glad comfortable princess gentle ladies brave sirs began jasper loud impressive tone temporary stage large rug front crackling hearth fire clare burst laugh
dearest cedric papa called boy learned say dearest papa felt arms tremble turned curly head looked face feel going cry dearest suddenly loving heart told put arms neck kiss soft cheek close laid face shoulder cried bitterly holding let yes sobbed left understood big handsome young papa anymore dead heard comprehend exactly strange thing brought sadness mamma cried spoke papa secretly mind speak found let sit look fire window moving talking mamma knew lived thought lonely lives cedric lonely grew older heard visitors told mamma orphan papa married
amazed boy cedric week strange unreal week place story mamma told curious obliged hear times understand imagine hobbs think began earls grandpapa seen earl eldest uncle killed fall horse earl death uncle earl died suddenly rome fever papa lived earl died cedric left appeared earl grandpapa death present lord fauntleroy turned pale told dearest earl boys earls unavoidable evening sat open window looking shabby street mother talk cedric sat footstool clasping knee favorite attitude wearing bewildered face red exertion thinking grandfather england mamma thought looking window sorrowful eyes papa wish ceddie loved home things thought boy understand selfish mother send
cedric put hand pocket carefully drew piece paper written round irregular hand couldn easily remember wrote read aloud slowly john arthur molyneux errol earl dorincourt lives castle castles think papa died youngest son shouldn lord earl papa died papa wouldn earl brothers died died boy grandpapa england hobbs grow hotter hotter mopped forehead bald spot breathed hard began remarkable happened looked boy sitting cracker box innocent anxious expression childish eyes saw changed simply handsome cheerful brave fellow blue suit red neck ribbon information nobility bewildered bewildered cedric gave ingenuous simplicity plainly realizing stupendous wha say hobbs inquired cedric errol lord fauntleroy answered cedric havisham called room lord fauntleroy hobbs jiggered exclamation astonished excited think say puzzling moment
lake lay serene peaceful left end ridge ridge rocky end girl crouched tent intruder sun pines undergrowth greens browns closing magical shimmer lake girl hung rocks waterline children clinging foot tunnel told ten feet maybe twelve feet couple body lengths paused looking lake lead told lead hold hand took hold left arm forcing balance rocks hold arm wrist grabbed arm fingers stronger expected close felt shy calm jump power told faster didn figuring working fast head jump quickest tunnel jump backward jump frontward spoke carefully hit facing tunnel left arm pulled follow tunnel arm free left
young immigrant job short fainted lay coma days eventually recovered left partially paralyzed returned home hungary looked seventy waiting death relieve misery months intensive probing dr hamilton documented twenty cases plumbism offices national lead company extracting sheaf papers briefcase laid carefully edward cornish desk proof cornish picked report began read finished pushed chair stood dr hamilton known word begin matter days plant engineers called entire factory transformed special respirators designed close contact dry lead adequate ventilating system installed innovation completed design plants national lead company advice alice hamilton cornish organized medical department factory lead worker required examined doctor week governor committee published report occupational diseases matter months illinois passed law providing compensation industrial diseases caused poisionous fumes gases dust insurance companies pay claims cases quick companies set edward cornish
june morning australian early winter sun low fresh touch air young stockrider rode kenny house pulled pepperina trees tired tense tongue tied choked message liza needed mcneil hut ten miles sun beginning set approached young irish immigrant bark roofed slab hut boughs towering eucalyptus wrong shouting mcneil children meet mcneil giant waiting help swing saddle thank heaven wrong amy don awful pain nurse ran low hut mrs mcneil grabbed liza hand pulled cot amy blonde lay unable move golden hair awry bedclothes eyes filled terror body twisted beneath coverings liza known gay child shy whimpering knee drawn chin foot pointed downward heel twisted arms lay chest elbow bent nurse cautiously tried straightening arm leg child screeched mother asked liza answer felt beaten kneeled prayed knew send telegram medical advice studied girl mounting horse thunderbolt galloped miles wrote message doctor knew answer asked telegraph operator hours waited longer night
cold sun poured edge rimrock aldo leopold veteran forest ranger drained steaming coffee cup saddled began patrol high plateau country southwest icy wind descended trailless slope slowly keeping eye deer grim fact finding mission range mule deer spending worst winter decades starving thousands mexico arizona fresh college aldo heard cry meaning save deer nature lovers conservationists deer appeared timid creatures defenseless savage wilderness villains bobcats wolves coyotes mountain lions humane thing save deer killing predators conservationists joined campaign hunters enjoyed taking big cats received bounty kill supporting crusade stockmen interested deer preventing occasional loss lamb calf wild animal total effect campaign slaughter range large predators hunted diligently species exterminated southwest story double twist unexpected cruel aldo leopold foretold sad ending act tragedy unfolding eyes natural enemies eliminated deer herds increased astonishing rate overrunning range search food muleys devoured browse
carnegie small unremarkable town southern plains towns thereabouts essentially bland tentative huge burning landscape july wide glass metal bordered streets reflect sun intensify light flat hard early afternoon white heat later light soften colors emerge scene town melt motion deserted drive celebration north side turn dark depression large hollow trees full camps cars children according centrifugal social force children function periphery run making festival noises firecrackers snapping park ready girls help regalia wearing white trousers moccasins tie black velvet sash waist placing beaded tassels leg bandoleer red beans grandfather goes left shoulder hip decide carry blanket arm join dancers sense wrapping heat deep brick red dust ground grass pale brittle camps stepping carefully avoid pegs guy lines reach tents imperturbable lying cots benches shadows smoke hangs air smell hamburgers popcorn gunpowder later fried bread boiled meat indian corn
called joe room joe steal godfrey boy watch expect say front mother yes stole watch huh prove want truth watch stolen watch disappear week coming fellows front drugstore charlie standing waiting school bus drugstore remember getting stamps letters pen pals answered remember stamps wouldn machine anyway boys store started teasing charlie candy charlie trying candy boys took charlie watch charlie noticing going ask charlie looked watch upset watch going tease finks finks drugstore saw candy told bus hustled charlie bus chance give watch scared give story joe didn steal watch wasn didn happened
find things senses eyes help hands help feel ears help hear hear nose smell taste children senses find food senses hear smell feel taste girls twins look hats signs look colors look shapes flowers children senses look smell touch group things taste sweet group look feel shells shells put groups look seeds group colors group shapes group sizes firefighters senses fire feel heat smell smoke firefighter hear senses find things senses tell things group things put things bag let feel inside guess
animals mammals mammals hair fur hair helps warm mammals warm blooded animals weather cold warm bodies stay cold bodies warm mammals born alive babies drink milk mother mother mammals care babies mammals breathe air lungs mammals ways eat foods mother dog eats meat mammals eat meat lions eat meat rabbits eat plants raccoons eat plants small animals find pictures mammals write animal put mammals groups eat animals eat plants eat plants animals eagle bird birds animals feathers wings eagle feathers help warm dry large wings help fly birds birds ways birds lay eggs mother bird lays eggs nest mother father sits eggs keeps warm soon babies hatch eggs parents care babies birds warm blooded winter bodies warm birds breathe air lungs birds mammals look birds beaks beaks shape bird beak collect feathers feather feel feather look drop water feather water feathers
snakes lizards turtles reptiles reptiles covered scales skin feel rough dry reptiles cold blooded air warm reptile feels warm cold bodies cold reptile cold move fast reptiles lay eggs eggs laid land babies hatch eggs parents feed babies think babies food reptiles swim breathe water reptiles breathe air lungs reptiles color things find reptile picture color help reptiles tongues help smell reptiles shed skin grow lizard shedding skin skin skin reptiles live forests jungles deserts reptiles live crocodiles alligators reptiles reptiles look books animals animals reptiles list reptiles find books put reptiles groups names groups salamanders amphibians amphibians cold blooded animals wet smooth skin hair scales amphibians reptiles frog amphibian toad amphibian amphibians young live underwater older live land
nikolas tinbergen scientist studies animals learned lot animals observing animals studied digger wasp wasp lives tunnel sand tinbergen observed digger wasp days learned digs tunnel front legs lays eggs tunnel digger wasp spends hunting bees feeds young tinbergen noticed easy wasp find tunnel wanted discover happened idea wasp objects sand landmarks find tunnel tinbergen observed wasp circle tunnel flew checked landmarks tinbergen decided test idea wasp left tunnel tinbergen brushed pebbles objects opening watched wasp flew tunnel find opening wasp look looked took minutes found tunnel tinbergen observed wasp took find tunnel landmarks place longer wasp find tunnel landmarks tinbergen find answer question found answer observing wasp testing idea
things living things non living look picture page strong healthy dog backyard easy tell dog living thing dog move swing picture move move swing non living thing animals eat young animals need food grow stay alive grown animals need food swing need food swing grow answers questions ask questions things picture page answers yes living things plants picture need food yes living things green plants food food stored leaves stems plants food stored roots seeds animals eat parts plants look mother bear cubs cubs look mother living things reproduce means living things animals plants reproduce pictures pages show living non living things tell living non living car gas ways gas food cars need gas run car alive car grow car car icicles grow drops water move end icicle freeze slowly icicle bigger mean icicle living thing icicle move need food reproduce
understand living things grow pretend building tower small blocks want tower larger maybe add blocks think cells body blocks grow number cells body grows growing rapidly thousands cells added body cells cells chapter learned living things copies single cells body reproduce single cell reproduces dividing cells called cell division animal cell reproduces cell takes extra food larger material nucleus begins divide division complete cytoplasm begins divide finally parts parent cell pull cells cells called daughter cells daughter cell cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus parent cell cell parent cell copies plant cells reproduce told hole stomach eat hungry playing active need extra food energy growing need food cells need food need food order reproduce
rocks found earth let pretend trip mountain mountains rocks tops mountains high rocks look hard let flat area rocks layers picture shows layers rocks rocks picture beach find round smooth rocks happened rocks smooth look rocks picture mountains flat areas found beach rocks properties property observe color shape feel property color colors rocks observe property touching rock rocks smooth rough rock stripes stripes look layers rocks shiny dull properties rocks pretend holding rock shown hand look closely tiny pieces colors minerals rocks minerals minerals materials found earth rocks mineral rocks mineral common minerals quartz types quartz type color types shown quartz beautiful jewelry
rocks stay look closely mountain sides bottom smaller rocks broken mountain rocks mountain changed broken breaking rocks smaller pieces called weathering weathering happen let find tiny plants grow rocks plants growing mountain rocks rocks eaten plants rocks break rocks look plants rocks cracks rains water flow cracks winter rocks cold water cracks freezes frozen water makes cracks bigger look picture left glass bottle filled water picture shows bottle put freezer glass cracked water froze pushed thing happens rocks water rocks pushes freezes rocks break look picture top page hole ground caused weathering rainwater rainwater picks gas called carbon dioxide rainwater carbon dioxide mix change rocks water goes cracks falls ground goes ground rocks road weathered rainwater makes rocks break rocks broken weathering small plants roots plants break rocks ice rainwater weather rocks
rivers united states carry broken rock pieces rock carry look material called sediment tons sediment carried rivers carrying sediment called erosion river looks drawing shown left water stays inside banks river fine times water spills banks called flood stop floods walls built sides river keeps water inside banks floods lot harm crops pulled ground homes swept floods wear topsoil floods farmland flood waters add minerals soil plants growing soil watch waves beach waves water crash rocks wears erodes rocks picture left shows beach eroded storm wind erode soil places wind blows soil dry wind pick carry grass plants growing soil soil eroded erosion erosion harm soil carried plants trees pulled soil try care land plants taking care called conservation planting trees hillside type conservation
find inside softball simple rip cover ball unwind string boy picture finding inside earth easy peel earth open look inside don machines travel deep earth clues earthquakes volcanoes help guesses inside earth clues finish unit scientists study earth called geologists geologists think earth layers compare layers earth inside apple look pictures page apple earth layers layers apple layers earth imagine center earth begin top layer earth rock called crust crust important live giant treasure chest oil coal gas metals rocks water plants treasures pretend earth size apple crust thin apple skin earth crust thin places thicker kilometers miles thick let deeper earth crust layer called mantle kilometers miles thick mantle solid rock
rocks deep earth surface hot melt melted rock called magma magma forms earth mantle rises surface lighter solid rock magma push crack weak spot earth crust magma reaches surface called lava steam rocks hot gases mixed lava hot material piles cools hardens diagrams show volcano forms magma forms pool deep earth cracks form rocks magma pool magma slowly moves cracks magma nears surface pressure builds rocks begin push force magma oozes times volcano explodes material thrown air magma reach surface flow land geologists call lava flow mountain formed called volcanic mountain materials volcanoes clues tell inside earth inside earth hot inside earth changing mt st helens exploding volcano erupts rocks ash tossed air ash rock cool fall pile volcano opening finally cone shaped mountain forms volcanoes explode mt st helens hawaiian islands tops volcanoes reach ocean floor active volcanoes hawaii island photo page called mauna loa mauna loa erupts quietly lava hot
crust cover earth single piece skin apple scientists think crust broken ten pieces pieces called plates map shows major plates earth crust diagram shows scientists think plate looks section learned continents drifted scientists believe continents drift parts plates plates crust move plates move continents move scientists think plates move ways plates push collide plates move spread slide past slip let look movements happens earth crust case plates push happens plates collide thin part plate slowly moves thick part plate earthquakes common plates collide plates move happens magma squeezes plates magma cools forms crust volcanoes earthquakes common plates moving plates slide past san andreas fault divides plates north american plate pacific plate plates slipping past fault earthquakes common scientists think earth crust broken ten plates plates collide move slip past
learned section light travels straight lines source light travels spreads directions light dimmer source light light beams reach eyes farther light source dimmer light understand idea look picture butter gun butter spreads leaves gun hold gun butter lot toast amount butter piece thin think butter gun light source flashlight scientists ways explaining light acts idea light acts tiny pieces matter particles spray bottle spray water plants particles water nozzle water drops leave nozzle bottle close water drops spread travel nozzle light acts think light dimmer farther flashlight dropped stone water stone hits water waves travel directions scientists think light acts waves light travels source wave light wave weaker travels wave weaker light appears dimmer
look photograph beams colored light beams bouncing curved mirror notice beams cross place blue beam reflected red green beams hit mirror angle reflected mirror angle cross mirrors curves bring light beams mirrors focus light spot curved mirrors bend beams light angles diagram shows light beams reflected clearly beams focused spot curved mirror flat mirrors turned angles curve diagram page shows curved mirror left flat mirrors turned slightly curve cases light focused spot inside spoon curved mirror look inside spoon reflected spoon look larger spoon look print page reflected letters look bigger mirrors called concave mirrors spoon curved mirror mirror curves look things spoon look smaller mirrors called convex mirrors seen convex mirrors hanging ceiling stores think convex mirrors purpose
picture page shows light bends passes lens lens piece curved glass plastic lens curved side flat side curved sides light bent moves air lens light bent leaves lens enters air point light beams meet called focus focal point lens look pictures shows curved mirror bends light shows lens bends light focus light focal point lenses lenses closer look small things rocks bugs lenses eyeglasses help lens helps eye focus light makes object look sharper lenses scientific instruments instrument small things look larger called microscope creatures microscope impossible eyes microscopes object look times bigger look photos housefly left picture shows looks eyes picture microscope picture impossible left picture scientists instrument called telescope things telescopes lenses magnify objects stars planets look photographs telescope
bird counts late brought scientists bad news whooping cranes birds shown photograph whooping cranes tall white birds live water birds population scientists feared illness bad storm wipe rest flock birds spent winter texas coast flock lived round louisiana knew texas birds lived summer knew whooping crane population low wildlife scientists wanted find robert allen scientist shown left asked study investigate whoopers began investigation watching closely observing wild flock whoopers observed birds wintered aransas national wildlife refuge texas sunup sundown allen watched birds knew slept ate watched care young scientists carefully recorded observatons recording information important step investigating allen investigated whoopers spend summers spring whoopers leave texas head north breed return texas fall allen found whoopers spotted able guess cranes migrated making guess hypothesis part scientists solve problem allen hypothesis cranes migrated canada allen found summer home whoopers wood buffalo national park map shows route cranes took allen learned things birds summer home whooping cranes lay eggs season
ocean water ordinary drinking water difference ocean water salt wonder salt ocean water kilogram ounces ocean water grams ounce table salt rest water materials amount salt varies slightly parts ocean amount salt water determines objects float floating egg trick works lot salt dissolved water salt ocean water materials wonder materials ocean water materials actually land called minerals rain falls land rainwater eventually flows streams rivers rivers flow mountain lakes oceans rivers flow land carry materials land materials salts salts dissolved water kind salt rivers carry sodium chloride salt food sodium chloride river empties ocean salt mixes ocean water picture shows salt river mixing ocean water ocean water heated sun ocean water heated evaporates means water liquid gas happens salt evaporating water study picture notice order events start looking clouds rain falls land water flows ocean picks salts found earth water salts eventually reaches ocean
waves form forces act ocean water experiment forces waves basin water hand push water waves dropping object water small waves gently push basin water create waves forces acting water surface water smooth mirror basin water ocean forces acting ships travel push water waves forces earthquakes ocean create waves section learned wind currents wind waves wind moves water pushes surface movement part water rise wind pushes raised water wave created wind continues blow waves wave look wave parts highest point wave called crest lowest point called trough height wave distance crest trough length wave distance crest crest wave waves move direction wind size wave depends strength wind wave moves shallow water shore trough rubs ocean bottom rubbing trough slow crest moves quickly higher leans forward
group musical instruments stringed instruments examples harp violin guitar musicians produce sounds stringed instruments plucking stroking strings stringed instrument produces special sound thick strings instrument produce lower sounds thin strings tight loose string change sound tight strings produce higher sounds loose strings produce lower sounds musicians sounds stringed instrument thickness strings sounds tightness strings changed twisting tuning pegs end guitar neck suppose strings thickness lengths longer string produce lower sound shorter string musician string produce sounds top photo shows guitar string plucked low sound produced bottom photo string pressed tightly wood pressing string wood shortens length string plucked higher sound wind instruments type musical instrument wood metal reason known woodwinds brass let look kind wind instrument photograph diagram show woodwind called clarinet hollow tube air flow mouthpiece thin piece wood called reed blowing mouthpiece reed vibrate vibrations carried hollow tube produce sound holes sides tube allow sounds
cheer basketball game sound voice louder whisper loudness softness sound called intensity sounds loud high intensity soft sounds low intensity cheer sound produce lot energy energy carried air particles distances whisper sound energy air particles carry voice shorter distance intensity sound depends strongly object vibrates strong vibrations large sound waves large sound waves intense loud sounds soft sounds object vibrate strongly sound waves smaller intense softer sounds sounds differ high low highness lowness sound called pitch sounds produced flute high pitch sounds tuba low pitch pitch sound depends fast object vibrates number vibrations counted called frequency vibrates fast makes high pitched sound humans hear sounds frequency vibrations middle piano frequency vibrations higher notes higher frequency boy picture blowing air bottles bottle produces pitch air column bottle boy blows air column water vibrates look bottle liquid air column shortest
wanted send messages close messenger traveled horseback days bring letter samual morse changed message wires telegraph telegraph send sound person voice pattern electrical current stood letters numbers person sending message write telegraph operator change letter message code code clicks pauses operator tap telegraph machine pattern electric current pattern clicks pauses current reached telegraph station changed clicks pauses receiving telegraph operator write message telegraph produced send messages matter minutes weeks missing sound human voice watson want words voice message carried telephone alexander graham bell spoke words bell chat watson took place distance buildings telephone send voice messages city city country country telephone sound waves air changed pattern electrical energy electrical energy wires modern telephones shapes sizes part telephone speak called transmitter
motion change position occurs object travels place scientists describe motion comparing moving object object moving car traveling road motion compared road non moving object case road called reference point watch classmate walk part classroom describe motion decide reference point choose simplest floor chalkboard wall row desks suppose choose wall say classmate motion compared wall appears rest evidence motion pictures girl swinging softball bat photograph arms bat position compared reference point reference point object motion moving slow rate fast rate determine fast slow need speed object speed distance object moves amount find speed moving object divide distance object moved traveled took move formula finding speed looks distance york los kilometers miles trip jet plane hours speed jet plane formula solve problem divide kilometers hours speed kilometers hour
forces change motion objects push pedal bicycle bike moves harder push faster bike moves suppose pedal bicycle hill uphill moving fast level ground change speed decrease velocity suppose moving side hill velocity increasing force gravity pulls downward force pulls roller coaster rolls faster faster drop roller coaster ride bicycle ride speed direction change motion accelerated velocity object object accelerated acceleration object mean increase object speed increase speed kind acceleration change speed direction object acceleration takes force accelerate object large mass small mass look pictures boy pushing wheelbarrow wheelbarrow appears larger mass wheelbarrow require force move boy pushes wheelbarrows amount force wheelbarrows accelerate empty wheelbarrow accelerate faster mass takes force accelerate smaller mass object accelerates faster force larger object mass smaller newton law motion idea explains faster acceleration empty wheelbarrow
compared earth mass objects earth mass force gravity small desk chair move reason objects move force preventing moving photograph shows girl pushing heavy box floor push lot force move full box start overcome inertia box overcome force friction created box rubbing floor friction force resists motion friction occurs object slides object box slides floor resists sliding movement larger mass box greater friction reason easier push empty box full smaller force pushing box floor friction box fewer books girl find easier push find easier push floor surface bare kind surface affects force friction smooth surfaces slide easily rough surfaces box books slide smooth wooden floor carpeted floor reason easier pull log concrete road rough ground sliding friction reduced making surfaces slippery skiers put oil wax bottom skis makes skis slippery reduces friction skis snow
faithful geyser geyser hot spring steam water fountain percolator coffeepot geyser works pot heated water bottom tube turns steam steam pushes rest water tube glass part lid bubbles water geyser water seeps deep ground cracks rock rock hot heats water water turns steam steam pressure pushes water upward result giving steam hot water faithful geysers tell hot surface earth miners provide proof heat earth surface deeper mine hotter deepest mine meters feet deep heat bottom mine measures imagine working hot measured greater amount heat inside earth oklahoma gas meters feet deep bottom compare temperatures mine gas tell heat inside earth kind heat affect rocks inside earth heat deep inside earth rocks melt red hot melted rock earth surface called magma magma tends rise earth surface lighter solid rock
group rock layers bottom layer oldest top layer youngest layer forms laid older layer placement rock layers geologists clue earth past knowing order events tells relative age objects relative age tell exact event happened date object tells object older tells event happened folds layers sedimentary rock show relative age folds occur point layers formed finding relative age easy task geologists able tell top layers sedimentary rock movements earth bend rock layers older layers pushed top younger able tell rock shown upside geologists look marks currents water moving sediments sand mud marks remain sediments rock marks called ripple marks ripple marks rock shown tops ripple marks face upward drawing help geologist reads rocks geologist standing base small cliff bottom finds gneiss surface surface gneiss layer conglomerate conglomerate sedimentary rock pebbles conglomerate gneiss conglomerate younger gneiss
learned find relative age layers rock learned rocks fossils special fossils help finding rock formed fossils called index fossils index fossil holds remains lived short lived found large numbers rock shown index fossils animal lived million ago animal called trilobite kinds trilobites oceans centimeters trilobites disappeared million ago rock trilobites likely formed million ago dinosaurs lived earth million million ago dinosaurs index fossils dinosaur bone rock tell age rock page geologist digging dinosaur bone age rock shown photo million million geologists index fossils figure relative age rock layer index fossils rock tell layer oldest look geologic map formations order end end shows oldest rock index fossils compare rock layers suppose kind trilobite found layer shale side canyon later kind trilobite found shale side canyon
freddy small boat put water put small stone boat put big stone put stone dropped boat freddy put hand water boat found wasn boat frog big green frog beautiful frog freddy frog heard freddy croak croak freddy jumped frog jumped jumped freddy hands frog asked freddy freddy hand freddy wasn going let frog picked place freddy going find home put frog pocket walked street freddy walked began sing frog help saying croak freddy stopped saw mays freddy didn hand pocket morning freddy asked mays frog don frog mays fishing freddy laughed frogs fish mays frog bait drop water fish frog help fish frog gave jump freddy pocket bait freddy frog
christina katerina liked boxes liked big boxes liked tv beautiful christina mother looking tv christina looking tv box christina put box apple tree mother thought throw box christina put apple tree christina father put window door box christina painted tower box box castle put toy bears cookies castle days christina bears lived played castle watson watson christina friend castle christina ate cookies christina locked ate cookies say sorry ten times christina let watson liked locked castle gave christina castle kick tower takes care castle mother began castle christina clubhouse days christina door window window door painted lock door put sign club asked watson part club christina watson sat clubhouse ate talked christina watson friends friends watson wanted head club
morning sun sky shines houses indian tribe sun shines mother flower wolf shines father hunt wolf shines grandfather wise wolf shines boy wolf flower wolf home hunt wolf hunt forest wise wolf sit fire wolf forest wolf hunt hunt wolf wolf hunt boys hunter finds animals run finds birds fly wolf takes home makes today hunt wolf wants wolf hunt today says hunt wolf today hunt wolf looks father brave says hunt wolf son brave kill bear hunt wolf says run fast run fast boys run catch rabbit wise ways forest trick fox brave fast wise hunt wise wolf hears hunt wolf says kill animals eat says wise wolf live hunt wolf hunt let boy says hunt wolf son hunt
king room morning found gold want queen girl spin straw daughter queen king queen beautiful child queen happy forgot funny looking door room opened child give want child couldn give child queen give child want queen began cry give child give days guess morning guess names guess won child guess give child night queen thought heard called page told find names morning castle queen tried guess appleflower asked greenpot asked queen crabtree asked didn guess morning try
maxie lived lived small rooms rooms brownstone house maxie lived morning shades maxie living room windows maxie cat ran middle window sat looked street shade window maxie gave bird water seeds bird began sing knew maxie door opened maxie walked sets stairs walked newspaper try hold door open foot reach newspaper morning maxie reach foot hold door door closed maxie couldn maxie ring walter let walter knew maxie open door maxie newspaper morning maxie pot tea put teakettle brownstone heard teakettle whistle maxie loved whistle let sing dogs cats sing whistle stop mail carrier knew maxie knew sister knew sister lived saw maxie mail knew maxie put seeds window boxes seeds mail morning maxie walked sets stairs
mail carrier seeds maxie waited stairs didn upset climbed sets stairs maxie apartment called waited door lived brownstone stairs mrs greenhouse stairs mrs stone door penny parks brothers upset waiting maxie open door maxie didn open door walter opened found maxie bed called doctor doctor maxie bedroom closed door doctor maxie sick lonely feel loved feel needs thing mrs stone walked bedroom maxie bird let stone morning bird sings stone bed bird didn sing morning stone didn sleeping won bird bedroom told maxie needed penny parks school hear teakettle whistle mrs greenhouse maxie shades walter paint apartment maxie ring let
teddy sick didn couldn play couldn eat couldn teddy looked window saw boys girls saw boys girls play couldn couldn teddy looked window saw street teddy teddy sick stores teddy couldn teddy sick didn night teddy sick couldn sleep teddy looked window looked street street stores cars street teddy blue trucks street teddy saw signs trucks signs carnival trucks street big lot teddy saw lot window saw carnival saw trucks stop carnival sleep teddy sleep morning teddy looked window saw carnival big sign carnival mother teddy want carnival mother sick teddy carnival teddy looked window wanted carnival teddy saw boy boy street boy saw teddy stopped carnival teddy asked boy carnival teddy show
clarita big brother car clarita likes juan car likes places juan clarita going store want yes clarita want store tell juan tell clarita juan clarita street store asked clarita sign clarita sign store stop juan stop car clarita juan store want juan find want look pets clarita pets clarita looked pets saw dogs saw cat saw lots fish saw juan find wanted asked clarita juan clarita juan saw look goldfish want goldfish yes clarita want goldfish someday juan happy clarita clarita juan car want juan asked clarita tell yes juan wanted find wanted clarita wanted happy clarita happy house big city liked city liked street grumpiest street
kim lived big apartment house lived apartment mother daddy sister brother kim lots friends apartment house kim friends rosa lived apartment kim wanted rosa big sister home kim sister kim didn sister places wanted mother re kim sister home kim wanted rosa rosa apartment mother asked kim mother don kim big girl kim mother say kim ran apartment going rosa apartment girls played rosa apartment morning rosa brother home friends boys noise kim want apartment quiet yes rosa let tell mother going kim rosa elevator looked buttons tried reach couldn reach going asked rosa maybe jump reach kim kim jumped reach button elevator stopped door opened floor kim let jump rosa maybe reach
chicken coop early sunday morning april daylight farm makeshift chicken coop horse barn empty horse stables dim dark chickens sleeping roost stirring darkness awakened chickens row white chickens big rooster midst rose roost pole peered nervous unseeing shadowy red hen squeezed white row hopped roost pole front edge roost opened wings fly trust plunge darkness floor weaved teetered small rusty blob dim chalky whiteness row chickens roost pole don bobbing hen fly exactly dawn clean hen house didn want chickens underfoot hen gathered peered eagerly sound voice warned don dare try fly shoulder started floor golly ice didn realize cold freeze ice foot straw eyes swept chickens roost ice straw gosh cold wonder didn freeze combs toes observed stay ordered red hen
red hen ride stood car looked hen troubled steering wheel hen peered took ride half turned looked field expecting big dog trudging road bothering told hen talking guess re big problem lifted hen seat knucklebones left observed somberly certainly high coop flock couldn ramp afraid losing toes peck maul death uttered short laugh quick businesslike solve problem chop head dinner mockingly felt hen ribs meaty dinner sound turned threw troubled look road big car turning driveway drew car boss briefly red hen straightened gray haired leaned car joe called troubles place prize mare suddenly ready colt terrible sunday
later small light moving flickering light lantern barnyard wide doorway red hen listened excitedly slow footsteps going barnyard barn basket light guttering lantern reading signs barnyard stooped picked red tail feather grim faced straightened looked dark hen house knew find moment saw loose slat sticking potato crate harsh loud high coop mauled death dog swamp animal carried crate chance hen peered basket small spot light lantern listened excitedly loud lone talking suddenly strode past wide doorway lantern swinging angrily doorway patches light swinging lantern rayed moment bushel basket bit light red hen lunged basket basket sharp edge scraped sore torn comb struggled noticed ran outdoors lantern suddenly guttered hanged don flashlight barked irritably light darkness chickens hen utterly dark helpless dark red hen sink middle barn listen helplessly going house
dobry ran window slid window panel carved buffalo heads snow snowing grandfather courtyard white snow rare mountain village bulgaria dobry grandfather seen snow coming hide red apples tree late corn stalk ripe peppers field grapes vine golden poplar tree courtyard dobry peasant home completely hushed snow wool autumn shearing hanging dry wool grew thicker thickest wool imaginable snow making sound sky coming bit bit seen happening dobry grandfather boy window snow gypsy bear legs complain getting grass early corn wanted rubbing snow set snow devil gypsies massaging bear dobry hung window rickety stairway going ground floor oxen lived carpet snow immaculate oxen looked stalls wearing furry hat snow dobry shouted look sari pernik surprised look grandfather wear white fur hats royalty grandfather leaned true shook head nodding bulgaria shake head yes nod head look royalty grandfather drew head shivered muttered feel cold
roosters crowed sunup dogs barked oxen buffaloes snorted breakfasts church bells rang thursday calling villagers church bells called clear trackless streets oxen buffaloes bring snow cartfuls apples corn red peppers grapes dobry lay abed grandfather hurry fruits vegetables mother kneaded bread rising looked dobry rooster crowed roda breakfast table boy bed dobry opened eyes looked big dark solemn mother belly aches told hurt hurt mother asked voice sounded alarmed tomatoes hurt night moon tomatoes grandfather wanted going celebrate snowstorm turned dobry rolled side bed pain lie quiet dear lie quiet roda told batch bread oven baked soon gypsy bear dobry poof bear bothers massage boys massages grandfathers grandfathers need dobry told mother pushed hair rolled blanket put chair open window
dobry felt sorry storks mother snow going mind plenty winter snow play storks bring spring rainy kind stringing peppers peppers fields saw crop bigger red peppers village invited today string peppers need winter important coming ready rained harder began coming soon breakfast women skirts heads drop rain stain dresses crossed street holiday suits covered sheepskin coats mayor early bringing hristu shoemaker neda shoemaker daughter blacksmith pinu wife michaelacky mayor dressed village woolen sash wider woven pick autumn shearing sheepskin cap longer cap creased circles circles caps white haired michaelacky immense width biggest nose village lots blood dark cheeks tell truth mayor looked exactly person importance blacksmith pinu tall brawny looked bigger stronger village mountain village bulgaria looks big strong blacksmith
tien pao looked quiet amusement cold drops wake pig took disgusted grunt pig slid neck drip drip bullethole began making big puddle floor bare toes tien pao shoved dishpan ducklings drip settled bench leaned head wall mats pig sound asleep ducklings sleep huddle bottom dishpan drumming rain matting overhead monotonous tien pao head began nod half shut eyelids saw sleeping ducklings rise water dripped pan drifted sleep big monotonous drops stirring water rain raised river sampan swayed bobbed rising water voices drifted sampans row sampans muttered drumming rain tien pao closed eyes slept didn sleep sat sagged mats dreamily remembering hard days past hard journey journey tien pao lost count days nights nights horns moon stood dimly sky tien pao father mother pushed sampan currents endless rivers night stopping night won stop drop tien pao father saying
early morning tien pao watched father mother baby sister strapped clamber rain steep riverbank tien pao stood opening sampan remember promised tomorrow going field airplanes hear heavy rain sky black rain black sky black river sigh dawn tien pao sighed shut sampan matting dreary clammy dark looked wistfully altar saucer lamp mother warned waste oil week americans paid airfield pig sleeping ducklings sat huddled bottom dry dishpan tien pao lifted ducklings scooped water river dishpan maybe ducklings water start swim whisper soft peeps quiet moved move daylight creeping river tien pao dragged rice mill begun grinding rice baby sister evening meal dreary grinding stone mill pass slower tien pao fetch handful rice later fetched handful stop ground eat baby food supper left tien pao regretfully shoving rice mill bench mighty thump sampan crashing row sampans
dishpan began touching bottom tien pao tried save gritty rice settled floor found rice bowl drained watery rice fingers feeling carefully glass splinters shattered mirror crumb pastry crumb gathered half wet rice tien pao worked rain stopped light morning river glimmer dawn tien pao saw dim banks wide river times wider river hengyang tien pao peered ahead morning mists floating river river swept wider river rivers tien pao knew widen sea sea japanese tien pao scalp crawled horror rivers finally met tien pao saw village loom misty dawn village corner rivers mouth dry fear tien pao stared distant village couldn village japanese burned village ground village houses stood sampan swung river village closer wasn living village houses houses empty blackened roofless walls village pacing slowly riverbank japanese soldier sentry lay gutted village tien pao crouched low sampan couldn peering fearfully edge soldier stopped stood looking river took rifle
samuel beiler give lot car sam seventeen works dawn dark father farm knows exactly kind car wants metallic blue door hardtop cream colored upholstery black racing stripes wide slick tires tape deck thinks car plowing tobacco fields cleaning barn sitting sunday morning preaching especially visiting cousin ben hidden car service station miles home parents won find samuel beiler cousin ben amish according ordnung rules church govern detail amish cars allowed sam knows father throw farm mother stop crying sisters refuse speak older brother shake head turn amos elam younger boys look mixture admiration disapproval ben suspects father suspects going ben baptized subject ordnung father knows letting wildness system settles samuel father stricter parent sam meets ben goes friends ride holland radio blaring looks oldest stops buy beer taboo sam aching drive ben car offered chance
amish names drawn bible similarity names women percent twenty popular names eighty percent twenty names avoid confusion amish elaborate system nicknaming based helps distinguish samuel beiler half dozen middle initial sam mother becky sam geographical origin leola sam personal quirk gravy sam amish generally friendly hospitable attitudes outsiders vary individual circumstances tape recorders cameras welcome visitor sincerely interested amish act interrogator learn amish society complex level amish live hundred ago changeless change comes slowly outsider sees horses buggies riding dangerously highway teams horses slowly working fields puzzled news young hide cars village bearded fathers wheel visitor odd fashioned clothes mustacheless beards notice presence absence buttons varying lengths hair varying widths hat brim subtle distinctions amish groups outsider goes real amish schoolhouse operated strictly tourist notice inconspicuous building road grades children taught amish teacher aware amish school problem amish parents jailed refusing send children public school visitor unsure controversy resolved
neat cap katie hair parted middle plaited ears tiny braids fastened amish women cut curl hair let hang loose katie grown pin hair plain knot neck cap katie wears small version mother black bonnet writers describe candle deep scoop brim jacob beiler dresses carefully prescribed ordnung sunday preaching wears mutze black frock coat split tails hook eye closings collar lapels vest fastened hooks eyes believe buttons forbidden amish pacifists feel buttons military origin explanation buttons banned decorative basis rule outsider remarkably inconsistent buttons strictly forbidden clothes acceptable jacob broadfall barn door trousers fly wide front flap buttons sides sailors bell bottom trousers creases belt homemade suspenders hold jacob pants buttons shirt number specifically stipulated ordnung colored shirts permitted stripes prints neckties forbidden jacob dressed preaching replaces mutze wamus black sack coat simply cut high round neck neck lapels pockets wamus hooks eyes liberal church districts allow buttons
miguel difference miguel trouble pedro younger brother pedro simple things pedro wants worry wanted find private place rio pueblo river goes farm asked pedro suppose want want ai course looked reaching rock river catch trout slowly feeling quiet places beneath big stones fish comes sliding soft hand catch pedro learning fish looked wishing talk course sure want school school yes want say want shh closed eyes moving hand slowly slowly water holding breath tongue teeth sudden grabbed splashing big commotion water took hand water knew empty big trout want pedro looked mad spoiled chance fish inches big mad took stone threw water
middle night bedroom faustina sleeps bed pedro say need water question asks water goes fetch quick find clothes run spring hill tool shed carry water needed lambing pens fires going night help newest lambs hard born kitchen mother cooking eating lambs hours uncles cousins stay house ready help breakfast dinner bed sleeps eats matter ready needed matter especially miguel happened tractor father talk turning tool shed shelf liniment brown bottle hurry father busy bending ewe tries hard give birth lamb working uncle eli look bring medicine put hand tried father asked burlap bags wrap small lamb cold brought bags
sure thank turned mule slowly pointed hand north south dawn sky looked parts part sky dark part mountains black wish ahead look mountains white peaks snow blessed white clouds rest water months snows melt sheep rio grande valley rejoice texas arizona mexico give thanks lord mountains sangre de cristo give thanks miguel ahead sunday promised sure spoke wanted thank happened father kissed mother hugged goodbye special moment mountains tops white started getting gabriel horse blackie leading pack horses uncle eli horse
numbers lambs lamb small looking frightened maybe going die thing forget real pastor grandfather told shepherd flock live asked sheep smart sheep don understand simple thing sheep bookkeeper mixed eli ewe lamb numbered laughed grandpa call father chavez talking padre de chavez sheep miguel dizzy putting pot eli carried lamb hind legs head hanging don mind lambs look comfortable ewe brought sitting pushing feet holding knees ewe shove re big direction want eli held ewe lamb put number grandfather eli talked worked wise wise say things word glasses wine say things word waving hand padre grandfather laughed gave eli push face eli laughed simple turned smart lazy
reason ewe absolutely lamb lamb won feed lick worse orphan comes hanging looking meal nosing ewe beats bad ewe butt bad nanny goat takes bangs orphans trying friendly orphan hit truck let orphans hang give chance case kind mistake find mothers couple big zeros going middle lot numbers happy pairs hundreds orphans ewes butting left think black blue lambs don black blue dirty happened lambs mother died bad doubt gave father chance fix orphans mother kind trick dead lamb number laying ground feet ewe mother ewe stood hour hour baaing bleating lamb wouldn feed walking died father took body lamb side shearing shed ewe couldn stripped coat hunting knife fitted sheepskin dead lamb orphans
live storms winter snow ice river rio pueblo hailstones bigger cubes sugar round hailstones matter bad storms bad sheep account wool winter times account sheep don herded water eat snow underneath snow find grass storms late season winter lambs born hard lambs young strong warm healthy big storms sick die storms lambing week storms wind blew deserts live navajo indians gabriel told wide places stretch west mexico arizona wind thunder look coming sudden sky scratches lightning white scratches low clouds rain cold soon heavy rain clothes hay mud roads leave truck stuck road walk going cold rain flock split bunches maybe hundred sheep order care
dog dog love dog dog dog dog silent empty countryside houses dog crumbs cleaned bones pick houses dog dog afraid scared whip tailed cur stray born stray clung small area countryside miles town furtive hidden wild animal houses houses afraid afraid dog fields woodlots fencerows hedgerows shadows woodlots shadowy dark hiding places lurking places dog live unseen fencerows hedgerows weedy thorny deep secret traveling avenues dog move unnoticed unseen dogs countryside hunger drove dog scattered houses night night midnight light houses rounds knew house knew houses watchdogs lived knew houses dogs knew houses night dogs locked bark uselessly stealthy darkness rounds
seen night awful cry coming yard spot butch buried jerked straight bed husband snapped light plainly seen fresh turned black dirt dog shadow shrinking husband heard haunted crying lain awake troubled nonsense course superstitious nonsense wasn strange seen flash shadowy dog heard haunted lost cry butch died door opening dry hinges startled whirled face husband defiantly hide shakiness quitting early tried say finished plowing field reasonably martha heard forty coming maple lot crazy queer cry night dog dog bothered sworn pair eyes staring woodlot aw broad daylight shook bothering baldly didn hide things saw admitted flash shadow telling dog sure blurted ghost dog looks butch brown white shivering husband uttered queer short cackle laugh told dog
cold sticky milk stuffed nostrils puppy choked splattering milk look john woman screeched minutes house messes clean floor waxed boy grabbed puppy boy rubbed hand puppy nose rubbing cold stickiness milk puppy sneezed baby start soon dog father instructed try warm milk cold milk saucer milk white thin steaminess curling puppy afraid white saucer squirmed hand shoved milk whined couldn squirm free bared sharp teeth wanted bite spirit exclaimed big sure voice knew puppies cure break spirit build trained dog course start young teach drink puppy face shoved milk hand pressed puppy choked struggled nails scrabbled smooth linoleum milk eyes maybe hungry girl tiny wretched voice dad puppies hungry sure voice weaned week won helpless start training bit
candy exclaimed child think think dog butch tried peer woman shoulder dog beamed children glad told dog kids told children parents maybe daughter law puppy house tempers clean house impatiently house don clean candy re keeping hid seat grandpa won butch girl quavered doubtfully heard hound stood woman silent gravely watchful half accepting girl car ahead brother shield candy butch sight snatched puppy boy arms held high crowed candy children belong nice dog look grandma aw woman glad told children attention puppy suddenly hound silly shining jealous noise throat half ashamed changed stiff growl stood rigid threatening growls pushing throat eyes mean sudden growling beneath unnerved puppy tail pasted hanging legs whimpered puppy whining enraged dog reared
girl started follow mother sudden impulse turned carried puppy bridge bridge girl dog looked sand creek cut deep wooded banks puppy began trembling excitement sight water rushing swirling sunlight sparkled creek sunny water black object rushing twirling disappeared bridge puppy struggled free girl arms creek girl asked puppy arms left bridge carefully deep gully side road dry gully cut rainwater sweeping hill difficult steep rutted clutching puppy girl worked exciting bottom gully desolate place heap rubbish disheveled broom lay sprawled rubbish pile girl lift feet high jagged rubbish heap tripped broom feet part descent breathless unwilling run stopped edge water gasped creek wanted set quivering puppy creek puppy dashed creek swirling piece bark racing water running barked excitedly dodged dark bridge gave chase
woman cowered front seat john john don mad stand square thawed gravel dirt broke side road look woman screamed miserable dog didn storm want catherine catch death pneumonia sitting soaked skin don home crash lightning scared silence began cry softly looked desperate flung door open candy candy bellowed storm woman began screaming candy candy candy car sound rushing water going woman shrieked suppose happened drive sit road going bedroom windows open home miserable nitwit scared dog george raincoats boots ready minute george don hysterical start bawling didn finish started car drove slowly carefully blinding rain hugging middle road windshield wipers sweep rain fast held face close windshield jaw set hard seat children wept hopelessly dad don leave don leave dad girl moaned
spring windows open green fire burns fiercely branches tree shrub month ago wild geese started flying north lake morning sky black dotted wedge flying lovely patterns birds picked house sites hedgerows tree tops hard discovering building material neighbor bees singing spring foraging song brown bee huh hu open window comes sound roller skates macadam road law caution children dart low skimming swallows clump chug clump arms saw air plaids checks skirts sweaters patterns red head unties skipping rope waist thrusts wooden handles hands outstretched receive moment going show roller skates skipping rope solitary figure escapes huddle chugs curb mounts sidewalk stands shows strange figure rest wears pongee pinafore buttoned sleeves wears navy blue sailor hat ribbons held chin elastic band wears ribbed black stockings high black laced shoes stubby toes badly barked instant forgotten forgotten existed shock looking exactly look everlastingly full roller skates
lucinda abou ben adhem led rest carried pair roller skates shoulder clutched hand guitar hotel manager spindler kind solicitous saying lucinda father let help bundles wyman promise eye lucinda mrs spindler living house don worry idea store wife sets child welcome timmy hicks hurrying catch lucinda charlie doorman let whispered shouting voice say lucina won say honest injun honest injun fat mrs caldwell tiny dog pygmalion dining room procession stooped kiss lucinda bye pygmalion miss promise promise charlie opened door lucinda father shouted cab charlie moment gilligan hansom cab driving leisurely looking fare drove curb hand performing miracle cab teetered wheels inside lucinda wedding trunk gladstone bag covered contraption pasteboard box books skates guitar lucinda father step kissing lucinda bye patting cheeks saying don miss rousing free charlie saying don worry wyman chile land feet matter drops
vittore dejected returned coppino living storing quarters replenish pyramids lucinda accompanied skated slowly explain words syllable carefully separated sorrow delight understood won smile vittore grim lips equally delighted find lived cellar known lived cellar front dark end fruit stored crates barrels hung ceiling bunches front light end family lived opened sunny yard pleasant room lucinda thought kitchen parlor dining room bright windows looking garden planted herbs flowers heavenly smell place apples citrus fruits garlic cheese lucinda sniffed air nose wriggling rabbit place goblins wondered tony seen family exciting smells mrs coppino looking smiling bulgy bobbed floor small coppino shoving plump bare bottom real bambino lucinda shouted joy seen alive adored cousin lucinda wyman brought pictures italy moment mama papa looking bambinos loose streets threw skates smallest coppino patting cheeks asking mrs coppino
ching chi altogether astonished face showed thought ching cha overstepping truth say honorable brother cha ah mee playing wild elephant cabbage patch thought told emphatically break cabbages blemish lips truth ching cha sullen hurt chi disbelieved played elephant cabbages show ching chi shook head raining hard speak matter son ching cha adjusted wei li rain hat straighter shuffled downpour muttered sounded wou tou meng called ching chi stupid noddy ching chi merely laughed intention beating ah mee pearl palm son ching chi wrong pretty question persons answer question ah mee terrible bad lazy ah fun son dr chu ping difference ah fun told ah mee told manner leave loophole perfectly excuse matter uncle ching cha cabbage patch ah mee pretended fierce furious dragon loong fierce furious dragon threshed uncle ching cha delectable cabbages causing hurt
fortune smiled prettiest house ching chi king tan ki immensely pleased odds ends toys fashioned ah mee graced palace appreciated ching chi worked faithfully carving plaques panels medallions king wealthy skullcap red button mandarin mandarins highest class wear ruby buttons caps ah mee worse say emphasis ah mee worse dabbled hundred varieties mischief ah mee don ah mee don don don don papa ching tired saying don tongue hurt word occasionally changed talk opposite meant say darling fill papa boots hoptoads muddy terrapins papa happy pray jar precious eat jam possibly jars ah mee doted jam passion started jam finished jam turned fingers sought jam pot frequently ate jam pains doctor ching chi took bird cage wall hung arm land gentlemen stroll carry pet larks pet chous
shen demons sea answered shen ocean claim asked king smiling tolerantly truth felt weeping knew answer possess city low plain surrounds mean chieh chung heart dropped level sandals heart weighted millstones weighted mount tai stroked beard pondering grieving praying water demons danced dew jubilant flinging toes high spattering dewdrops palace roof singing terrible song ocean finally king answered shen grant kua hai large city half million souls moons moons count safely mountain yellow ox demons shaking pai shu cypress tree dew fell companions sun beginning feel dryness shen taking answer pai shu give tree flower gathered high ground pai shu blossoms lead sea wa tien sea stand li deep palace answer sun lit fire
roast duck sweet ginger dressing superior roast ducks ching chung desired ah certainty roast ducks hong keong dressing ling gow jung yee tou ya yu chien fine tea grows gardens ku miao dinner mean misery dishes cheng chang prepared matchless perfection dishes ching chung ate utmost gusto cheng chang fine cook ching chung extremely appreciative master bachelors worthies cheng chang large ching chung footfree funny forty cheng chang inch dwarf mere trifle taller willow wood ladle nearly short wu ta lang remember standing cherry tree reach limb limb touch earth doubt cheng chang cook ugly cook tied queue leather string cook taught grandmother roast eggs ching chung master tremendous person nearly large ho lan giant stretching burned hand hot red sun surely ask proof ching chung large eat worked hard crow cock till owl bed
king ching chung laid knife fork company raised eyes gazed cheng chang full minute gazed questioned cheng chang cook duck poor cheng chang kneeling times knelt head rapped floor thrice yes gracious forgiving majesty cooked duck cheng chang guilty mercy feel sword steadily minute monarch stared spoke say cooked duck king teeth bobtailed dragon brings famine going king abdicate appoint rule stead arise king cheng chang ruler universe cook roasted duck soon cheng chang wife heard smaller half fortune hurried palace fetched brothers feeling sure king cheng chang appoint high places wouldn things planned detail brother keeper royal full treasury clever idea largest pockets brother governor kwang ting commander chief royal run army breakfast eldest brother mentioned desire king cheng chang keeper treasury put hands appointment saved let
night door tried gain entrance saying gold ah tzu fanned earnestly cudgel piled heap threshold limping howling holding hands pate troubled nao tai teng troubled head aching badly saw weng fu return asked ah tzu questions ah tzu answered boy showed inquisitiveness large bandage round weng fu head ask questions weng bundle beggar finally opened bundle took food shared food son ate ah tzu sufficient meal finished beggar opened bundle disclosed garments young babies wear put garments son seeing son young feel drop shoulders prime manhood ten younger ah tzu told cha tieh tieh certainly papa small garments ah tzu walk calabash rattle street ten steps crowd gathered jeering laughter ho ho ho hands turned beggar infant son pretty baby tieh tieh baby cut teeth ah tzu rattled calabash tried hard blushing weng fu sauntered utter unconcern
mother nature sure agreeable black colt range tried footing wobblety legs brown prairie sod short stems green grass trying faded growth reaching sun warm rays taking seen felt inhaled place beat spring morning sunny side low prairie butte smoky colt foaled smoky wouldn fitted colt account jet black wasn attached till started saddle horse didn light box stall window human fuss try steady feet steps smoky range colt company morning watchful mammy smoky wasn hour begin interest things warm spring sun pouring warmth slick black hide body till pretty soon head kinda shaky begin nosing front legs stretched front mammy close move colt run nose short neck nickered
preliminary introduction took hour mother stood guard fear em harm smoky wanted understood start colt say finally understood took part bunch feller quit making fuss jealous fought mother course declared start took granted place smoky heart couldn considered knowed try chase fillies mares young geldings ponies fit tag play smoky watchful eye mammy wanted job big buckskin saddle horse boss herd took hand show guardeen smoky mammy delivered swift kicks pounded ribs left teeth marks shiny hides taking look making sure persuaded grazed smoky mammy watched proceeding heap interest colts bunch smoky fellers buckskin horse whip bunch say newest smoky newest buckskin horse rights outsider horse full scars showing scrap saddle marks fine cowhorse
lot lightning mountains smoky ranging summer seen fires lightning fires puzzles colt seen human swift move paw seen fire paws later smoke coming mouth things impossible figger stood petrified watched pretty soon paws held fire reached picked coil rope loop human walked bunch move bunch tore corral raised dust smoky heard hiss rope sailed past loop settled ponies heads pony stopped led hunk leather ground cinched horse human climbed smoky set eyes kind fight crethure sight colt seen bunch play kick lot seen position tear things pony knowed pony fighting bucking worth daggonedest shed sticking ill built wonder top smoky watched shook heard pony beller heard kind noise knowed wondering beller meant remembered cayote nipped ham strings
smoky buckskin bunch stood knoll em looked petrified froze stood sight em excepting ear moved job catch sound yip yip howl cayote heard answered pretty soon filled air serenading echo died drawed mournful howl wolf cayotes joke bunch horses knoll blinked eye cayotes serenading sound head bunch ear pointed sound buckskin snorted restlessness bunch smoky started ways pretty soon keeping close begin moving moved shadows shadows grey shapes took trail big buckskin stayed rear bunch notice wolves loud whistling snort heard landed middle bunch kettled em stampede run lives cold air split forty ways crusted hunks snow flying ponies wild eyed broke drifts edge ridge run big flat
cowboy gave forehead couple rubs stood walked pony feet smoky felt tight ropes loosening ankles pulled feet free mind confused lot layed felt pull hackamore rope stand legs says cowboy smoky pawing rearing snorting feet free handle em handle em put strength action trying pull cowboy holding rope talk skill showed angler trout skill brought hundred fifty pound cowboy holding eleven hundred fifty pounds kinky wild horseflesh past talking figgering human trade bronco busting cowboy played rope held horse held fought smoky fighting pony eyes afire seen chance feet couldn shake hunk terror snorted fought rope held fast head neck begin tire cowboy stood yards stood legs wide sweat dripping slick hide took breathing spell
sure eye aint horse clint say want watch quicker learn smoky watch learn evening clint untied picket rope log started leading corral horse broke lead easy heart thumping wonder due happen cowboy led big pole gate stepped high careful eyes took looked suspicious slicker hanging side corral snort try pull clint talked leading gate smaller round corral big snubbing post stuck center post big brown shiny hunk leather clint saddle horse performance begin re going smell saddle leather clint turned spoke begin rubbing smoky forehead smoky caught attention wasn cowboy hunk leather drawing interest ears pointed straight eyes shining snorted suspicions dislike looks contraption laying waiting jump eat alive look snort paw want says cowboy acquainted wont rush acquaintance
lumbering leather faced dressed short coat low crowned hat town style high beaver walked shoes creaking protestingly square farmer face peering blue eyes wore cautious smile bernadette savard yes sir david fry knew brother spirited cricket brown hair twinkly eyes trunk shyly pointed scuffed box slipped crowd passengers elbowed stagecoach boot order stare impertinently fry watched red faced coachman tramp limber legs stiffened sitting hours high driver seat fry bent carrying haircloth trunk hungry asked found suddenly realized ravenous nodded greedy inn common room sat trestle table fry asked tavern keeper plate johnnycakes pitcher scalding tea yes re brother david fry rubbed chin reflectively earnest worker strong size spry warned let dimples fool mind ducked head embarrassment guess confessed stopped staring mind apparently decided strong headed lovable leastways brother wrote fond brother family thriving yes sir
monstrous scandal schoolmaster connor declared settlement folk fell schoolmaster vowed raid colony pull college buildings soon built cleveland leading newspaper project immoral fortnight ago protracted period absent mindedness pastor fry climbed pulpit put blunt opposition oberlin enemies pastor fry argued christian women taught properly point bernadette remembered vividly frontier hard respectable schoolteachers dedicated women needed log schoolhouses ohio ended sermon canny note women teachers hired half knew firelands folk strapped money trail oberlin narrowed track cleared underbrush crisscrossed huge roots pastor fry tied horse walked forest quarter mile large clearing late afternoon light shambles giant felled trees trunks lying fires smouldering pair newly raised cabins clung smoky twlight rapped doors pastor fry pointed bernadette college building rise fit village ring campus square oberlin founded christian community school remembered stood tried capture picture head shambles hard look promising admitted
strangers stiff propriety soon girl sat folded hands grew motionless white woman woman settled appeared unaware shock negroes caused soon picture unmoving attentiveness bernadette felt waves emotion rush church waves finally ebbed undertow hushed whispering restless creaking pew backs uncomfortable nose blowing final peek moving eyes crane neck guessed negroes ranged age ten eighteen profiles clear fascinating dark variety purple black snub nose contrasted high yellow aquiline outline round chestnut brown bernadette concluded trailing black frock minister suddenly climbed high pulpit stood fixed congregation steely eye stirring promptly ceased minister opened enormous bible scripture reading voice began thin harshness surprised bernadette pang homesickness pastor fry deep warm vibrant tones shot reading puzzling genesis story noah noah cursed eternal servitude grandson ham son canaan noah seen drunk uncovered ham innocently bernadette tried probe holy word shameful disgusting drunk uncovered misery son father fault noah place getting drunk punishment noah ham ham canaan helpless son ham
town meeting passed resolutions black school till act andrew judson promised connecticut vagrancy laws black girls laws vagrant move pay fine striped public striped bernadette asked broom poised midair whipped lashes whip girls bernadette asked amazed believe hester replied thing hester brought bernadette date telling days church mass meeting judson called miss crandall personally offered buy house abandon school sell house yes abandon school miss crandall refused early april twelve pupils seminary april seething town meeting church town record charges school theater doctrines racial intermarriage promulgated pupils gathered ostensibly taught actually scatter firebrands arrows death brethren blood sentiments school stands subvert union american states vote end meeting requested connecticut legislature pass law bringing black connecticut educational purposes saw drumming church hester finished church folk decided close doors school past reserved pews seminary broil bernadette concluded visitors didn want talk lovely baby
close bernadette saw miss crandall small woman standing stubbornly light brown hair parted lay smoothly pulled ears cut short businesslike oddly pleasing style brows straight heavy intelligent brown eyes steadfast penetrating nose mouth inclined wide chin square determined wore neatly laundered blue cambric dress simple plain plain bernadette concluded able put finger elusive attractive quality teacher reed slim doughty composed vigorous reluctant admiration welled girl admiration mixed suddenly overwhelmingly choking sense shame human forced beg miss crandall bernadette found wishing leering spectators vanish sudden puff smoke flinty captain fenner struck fires lordly worth silence grew unendurable miss crandall turned heel walked door fell gaping schoolmarm passed view captain fenner grim faced wordless bernadette coins handed purchases bernadette stepped midst pandemonium burst loafers miserable spectacle witnessed didn matter sick folks minister wasn point story samaritan didn storekeeper fenner rent front pews church dawdled uncertainly front miss crandall house looking windows glanced nearby houses
paul suddenly realized big stirring church hastily leaped wagon seat hightailed church green decent distance sheriff miss crandall nosy paul slipped church nearly whistled civil authority canterbury gathered front sanctuary selectmen clustered rufus adams ansel bacon watched hawks miss crandall sheriff marched aisle paul leaned wall reassured wasn curious onlooker village folk plumped pews hearing didn paul hard understanding parlay selectmen miss crandall atone crimes village surmised civil authority expected miss crandall put called bond jail don want patrons pledge surety miss crandall spoke thunderstruck moment selectmen began argue schoolmarm stubborn hussy shaking head saying wouldn put bond jail put cell common felon ansel bacon finally roared face red turkey schoolmarm answered firm voice scared put jail paul wondered going set ways place argument ended
west received faith races thought especially america received distances removes migrants moving westward centuries separated hope return roots religion land birth lost process intuitive communion earth forces nature early days history vital part religion perceive power greater unable understand worship part sun moon wind fire earth sky remain homeland entirely lose communion civilized belief mature precious thing america indian parts flooded continents lost left distant countries individual deeply love adopted land communal festivals rituals celebrate seasons planting harvesting phases sun moon easily transported peoples eastern asia stayed settled primitive nomadic tribes aryans india thousands ago place europeans started westward migration proof tradition immigration china
ramayana story rama eldest son wise strong king lived northeastern india rama believed incarnation avatar vishnu lesser degree incarnate rama younger brothers bharata twins lakshman shatrughna kshatrias brought warriors rulers learned ride horses elephants drive war chariots bow mace sword especially bow principal weapon days rama leader strongest cleverest archery equal gods father decided give throne burden government rama heir delighted loved rama evil enters tale king wives sons excepting twins mother treated queens equal respect love bharata mother influenced wicked serving maid demanded king give throne son banish rama forest fourteen power king granted boons claimed claimed change mind spite grief pleading persisted demand word unthinkable king morning rama crowned city rejoicing summoned king presence queen told happened father speak sorrow
twenty turning point searching thought slightly mad days food sleep fall deep meditation matter happened devoted nephew took care understood happened learn brilliant started religious societies learned anew values faith living teaching sorts ask questions listen spiritual teachers spoke simply parables simple direct child saw insincerity ostentation wrote disciples took book sayings believed hindus religions faithfully lead end spoken truth wanted realize prove experience devout muslim live temple compound dakshineswar ramakrishna learned doctrine practices teaching muhammad muslim prayers wore muslim clothes ate muslim food studied doctrine concentrated thought days found spiritual experience gained faith later studied christianity intensity conclusion loved talk sect belief truly believed lived professsed advised follow taught
month short corn drooping clouds floated white blue fringed dust rose washes younger brother tended sheep homeward bound sun western sky younger brother felt older mother sheep watched cared lambs stayed close side harm soon safe corral sheltering cliffs younger brother hungry smell coffee roasted mutton ribs mother preparing inside round mud house called hogan father pony tied juniper tree father silversmith tired making bracelets rings rode desert look cattle younger brother remember sitting saddle front father ago baby sister big pony herd sheep mother wool spin weave mutton cook ride pony elder brother elder brother wore hair knot grown uncle turquoise earrings family heirlooms uncle mother brother medicine told stories winter sat fire middle hogan younger brother liked winter stories pine nuts liked month short corn lambs strong jumpy baby cottontails hid sagebrush
knew eagle lived deep blue high earth respectful eagles knew look extremely respectful thought eagle mighty sun shining ardently strange weird forms stone giants sheep lazily grazed noontime younger brother rested shade rocks hear wind singing canyon wind kindly summer played tumbleweeds rolling making hide hollows base cliffs danced spirals sunshine lifted red band younger brother head waved tumbleweeds boy felt lazy lying ground hands head felt dreamy drowsy wind murmured canyon listened song soon hear words look grandchild look grandchild looked crest strange rocks saw yellow beak eagle ridden sun rays blue resting top rocks rocks wind stopped singing tumbleweeds lay quiet sheep motionless majesty yellow beak move feather looked younger brother strong eagle eyes look straight sun blinking
supper father tried bracelet younger brother wrist perfect happy father knew beautiful things hands couldn tell stories uncle silver boy think moonlight mesas younger brother fell asleep early holding hand bracelet holding mind beautiful secrets morning lovelier lingered breakfast fire father finished bracelet felt mother hurry weave smiled baby sister playing sand elder brother thought ride post needed cartridges rifle younger brother busy sheep bleating corral didn mind adventures didn think watch sheep grazing think grass grew rain thought roots underground thought seeds underground waiting darkness rain moisten swell burst leaves roots surely growing things magical liked water drink wondered ate deep ground roots food fun think roots plants sitting eating dinner plants walk plants tried squash vine tried travel
remembered wildly heart danced saw deer leaping sunshine remembered song born sight singing brother wind locusts birds coyote coyote mighty singer clouds weep hard understand tricky things disliked badly treated enemies ready adventure sing nose pointed upward looked upward sang singers growing things top earth reached upward sun alive healthy reached upward sang younger brother liked watch coyote lifted nose skies clouds weep liked hear uncle tell story young woman tinkles wife original coyote navahos called mai wore fine white buckskin dress fringe deer hoofs skirt walked ran deer hoofs tinkled rattled sweet music mai called young woman tinkles proud young wife think music presence sweetest music mai forest spruce pine trees high mountains birds chattering trees playing game mai seen pull eyes throw top trees call drop eyes
certainly lonely hogan juniper tree younger brother missed big brother sat special place fire telling hunting riding adventures mother loneliest endure absence laughing brown eyed son bring game cook talking wedding basket ceremony comfort frost whitened round dome hogan silvered rims wagon wheels voice thunder snakes longer listened words safe tell sacred stories night uncle teach younger brother songs medicine boy liked hear reared mountain holy young friends bears mountain animals helped reared mountain hide enemies utes younger brother liked pack rat story pack rat lived flat rock hillside sticks stones piled nest pack rat saw reared mountain running house knew trouble hide quickly boy pack rat lie hole house small hole boy couldn crawl pack rat puffed cheeks chest blew strong breath entrance large boy enter
mother took care sheep days till boy strong clear calm days fall brought heatlh younger brother summer stood winter earth months finished yielded lambs wool corn pinons sweet nuts single pine remained gathered month slender wind younger brother strong able pinon forests help fill sacks trader elder brother bride mother father stayed home baby sister sheep pinon pickers traveled wagon horseback forests high mountains camped trees enjoying clear sky sunshine month slender wind ground beneath trees strewn smooth brown nuts fallen pine cones younger brother worked interest hoping mother trading post sell pinons wanted big tell found turquoise bead pottery bowl uncle told hasteen tso put shared secret cave uncle white medicine feel lonely remembered sweet yellow fruit smelled thinking things noticed young navahos coming mountain arms full spruce boughs loaded horses spruce rode younger brother knew sing rivers spruce needed costumes yays
friday evening jerry rachel sitting reading upstairs veranda tall house rachel secret garden library jerry altsheler books books book opened book eagerly suspiciously looking book put reading absolutely read book robinson crusoe treasure island swiss family robinson survived hard book test beloved spite obvious handicap children read grown dark sitting quietly thinking watching bats bugs hurl tall street lamp suddenly casting purple glow jerry getting ready bring matter dog discuss sister rachel liked sit dream wonderful idea rachel jared called jerry pye close companions course friends instance dick badger lived door hound knew scratch stomach scratched jerry friend rachel friend girl bugle street named addie egan boys girls grade addie egan cooties cooties
boston unusual experience papa auntie hoyt waited sight large room department store listen dressed santa claus read christmas story twas night christmas odd thanksgiving ready santa claus cranbury turkeys pumpkins pilgrims brought santa clauses relieved occasion abandoned found papa auntie hoyt waiting beaming door underground trolley car boston fast corners wonder bump wall meal auntie hoyt gave baked beans cold boiled ham rachel fond auntie hoyt apologized saying hard times hit boston saw common north church bunker hill monument john adams buried walking pages history book york mama took york saw true number ideas york reshuffling saw things instance expected elevated railway train running narrow tracks pole pole half mile air elevated
happen jerry begun feel worried dog dollar hot gramma early morning left uncle bennie pyes hear gramma pushing uncle bennie gocart squeak pulling express wagon squeak arrived today twelve clock noon morning jerry exhausted ways knew earn dollar offered wash mrs carruthers windows dirty half jerry afternoon course saturday afternoon odd jobs saturday morning saturday afternoon saturday afternoon likely home smell tobacco wafted homes napping couches shoes coats digging poking earth leaves useless look odd job saturday afternoon hours puppy lost forevermore uncle bennie jerry rachel lunch vegetable soup mama believed hot stomach warm days apple sauce uncle bennie amusement mama sang song sang
jerry saying bet stranger fellow wanted buy puppy bet racing telephone poles speedys barn milk maybe minister rachel saw doorway church minister pulpit decided street corner bright light wait let coward past wanted tell rachel scared yell wouldn person looked jerry didn person person wanted puppy heart pounded fellow try dog bought ago mrs speedy dollar rachel uncle bennie earned dusting pews tall sam doody reached brightly lighted corner spruce avenue jerry stopped suddenly grabbing rachel arm stop short tracks clear thunder heard footsteps heard stop short rachel going told hearing things jerry hear yes rachel yes gramma yes think person speedys barn gramma
gracie cat took liking member family jealous incredulous stare introduced morning tried give puppy washing accepted lick stay game impudent gracie gave cuffing claws pouncing nap spit feelings puppy tolerant kindly bright light morning nonsense remember mysterious footstepper jerry rushed mrs speedy thing morning find fellow wanted buy dog wanted idea hat guard mrs speedy leading cows pasture found speedy speedy mrs speedy struck night stroke hospital speedy friendly type children standing watching milk churn mow anyway mrs speedy sick jerry ask mrs speedy told odd thing wanting puppy jerry mystery raced home knowing sunday interested watching puppy hard rachel jerry allowed stay home sunday school play puppy
ginger care named named fallen asleep kitchen table paw stretched proprietary fashion duster mind slashes lightning rumbling thunder lowing mooing cows speedys barn certainly big collie dog jerry knew named lassie locked closet thunderstorms manage house run mad rain remembering lived ginger contrary slept peacefully storm lullaby ginger asleep mama let uncle bennie wake saying let poor thing rest awhile dinner ready jerry uncle bennie cellar hammer pound mama busy stirring food pots pans kitchen smelled going roast lamb rachel set table kitchen papa sunday ate kitchen papa saving lot steps rachel living room wait dinner smelled unbearably terrific thunderstorm started ten minutes thunder boomed lightning sizzled rain splashed horse chestnuts fallen tree birds silent rachel felt born anew
nearly million jews killed historians called holocaust holocaust conflagration raging fire consuming path lives murderous fire burned short war ii germany countries germany invaded conquered holocaust nearly jews put death victims war war ii fought victims neglect died exposure disease starvation victims politics put death openly disagreeing government victims senseless mobs nazi officials encouraged jewish rioting jews europe died holocaust victims careful organized plan plan purpose destroy jews nazis designed program called final solution jewish question million murdered born jewish parents jewish parent jewish grandparent course killing beginning history times newspapers magazines radio television murder part everyday twenty ago millions watched accused shooting president john kennedy shot death front television camera ten television brought images soldiers killing killed war thousands miles open daily newspaper discover full violence
germany economy war built foreign loans especially loans united states trade based system loans notes credit result fate germany countries tied united states trade commerce collapsed german economy collapsed millions germans middle class saw savings investments disappear pay debts forced sell houses furnishings depression final blow coming top germany military defeat postwar inflation unemployment germany country feeling utter hopelessness major political parties stunned helpless parties turn germany say told communist party defeat capitalism hitler party nazis hitler tireless traveled city city plane automobile railroad final weeks election speeches blamed loss war politicians germany told betrayed jewish bankers moneylenders warned listen rebuild germany army prepare war communists promised jobs rebuilding began finally reminded lost pride fatherland proclaimed superiority aryan german civilization
idea scapegoat comes strangely ancient jewish practice biblical times sacrifice animals common jews select goat flocks holy yom kippur god judged sins priests announce sins past head goat animal turned loose wilderness believed ensure god forgiveness lives spared idea choosing scapegoat meaning scapegoat person group singled bear blame hitler jews scapegoats bear blame germany problems counted fact religious prejudice jews minds german counted modern kind racism hitler spread idea jews separate race group specific inherited qualities hitler based belief inherited jewish qualities wicked ignoble inferior ideas set book mein kampf idea racism race determines human abilities qualities making racial groups inferior superior idea widespread hitler racism convincing hitler propaganda fact peoples divided races physical characteristics hitler added cultural psychological values idea race
mighty took place masses land form continents took shape water beginning covered earth flowed deep places uneven surface seas god let waters heaven gathered place let dry land god called dry land earth gathering waters called seas god saw living earth barren waste god covered bare surface earth beautiful grass flowers kinds plants trees god let earth bring grass herb yielding seed fruit tree yielding fruit kind seed earth earth brought grass herb yielding seed kind tree yielding fruit seed kind god saw evening morning sky god set lights sun mooon sun rose east traveled vast dome heavens set west rising setting marked days passed longer longer gradually shorter shorter making seasons moon appeared sky crescent night night grew larger beautiful ball light
hebrews belonged large group ancient peoples known semites supposed descendants shem oldest son noah earliest days lived arabian desert ancient city ur mouth euphrates river forefather abraham called abram thought lived abraham believed gods idols worshiped terah father abraham idols temples abraham believe true god heard voice god urging leave home travel westward land known canaan home thee thy country thy kindred thy father house land show thee god promising descendants abraham nation wife sarah nephew lot lot wife flocks herds herdsmen abraham set journey vast arabian desert trouble herdsmen abraham cattle lot cattle abraham proposed lot separate portion land let strife pray thee thee herdsmen thy herdsmen brethren land thee separate thyself pray thee thou wilt left hand thou depart hand left
chief baker told dream dreamed white baskets head top basket kinds baked things pharaoh table birds eating considering dream joseph told baker meant days live dreams fulfilled joseph foretold days butler allowed return palace serve pharaoh baker hanged passed joseph prison happened pharaoh strange dream standing bank nile river river cows fed fat grazed peacefully nearby meadows feeding thin lean cows river fell fat cows devoured pharaoh woke dream soon fell asleep dream saw ears corn growing stalk large strong thin withered ears growing stalk thin ears ate ears corn troubled pharaoh wise asked explain dreams felt deep meaning give explanation chief butler remembered joseph explained dream suggested pharaoh send messengers hurriedly prison joseph brought pharaoh pharaoh related dream joseph able explain
islam main aspects religious political cultural overlap interact imperceptibly passing islam religion system beliefs practices initially revealed allah muhammad enshrined arabic koran supplemented tradition modified ages response place major monotheistic religion historical offshoot judaism christianity closely related originally simple humble religion unsophisticated tribes arabia islam swelled course faith cultured peoples medieval times today approximately hundred fifty million followers represent races nationalities ethnic groups religion seventh moslem moslems dominate numbers broad swath land morocco pakistan malaysia indonesia islam political entity aggregate institutions based koranic law founded muhammad medina developed successors caliphs ar sing khalifah expense persian east roman empires height unattained medieval ancient times fragmented splinter states western asia northern africa southwestern southeastern europe arab non arab states today style islamic islam culture compound varied elements ancient semitic persian classical greek synthesized caliphate expressed primarily medium arabic tongue
meantime movement islamize religious practices borrowed judaism direction ritual prayer kiblah ar qiblah changed jerusalem mecca human voice calling prayer replaced trumpet gong jews christians certainly effective means friday ordained congregational prayer jumah assembly chosen weekly shopping jews flocked market buy provisions sabbath begun arabization nationalization islam continued ramadan fixed month fasting pilgrimage kaabah authorized kissing black stone pre islamic fetish housed kaabah corner sanctioned pilgrimage islam accepted richest heritage polytheistic arabia alienated historic sisters islam formative muhammad lacked opportunity establishing firsthand contact christian community comparable established jewish preponderant jewish imprint religion contacts christians limited personal contacts christian individuals christian coptic concubine christian abyssinian slave christian adopted son zayd historic contacts christians moslem legend muhammad teacher syrian monk bahira young muhammad met caravan damascus nearest arabian christian communities southern border hijaz najranites northeastern border syria ghassanids northwestern frontier persia lakhmids communities belonged syrian church views nature christ relation humanity divinity later considered heretical catholic orthodox churches
congregational prayer enjoined friday noon friday considered counterpart jewish sabbath christian sunday rest noon service features address short incisive rich koranic quotations flavored political exhortations violent uprisings french mandate syria friday noon sermons umayyad mosque damascus women attendance obligatory occasion congregational prayer proved military drill worshipers required stand service rows spaces prostration chant ritual unison story muhammad celestial ascent miraj based solitary vague verse glorified servant journey night holy mosque farther mosque al neighborhood whereof blessed dramatic ascent preceded equally dramatic episode involving instant transportation curious mount mecca jerusalem isra moses spoke god face face mt sinai enoch walked god jesus established sonship muhammad similar critical modern scholar spoils drama nocturnal journey argues jerusalem settlement mecca mosque named al embellished later accretions echoing christian traditions trip center cycle elaborate stories especially favored mystic circles believed served prototype dante divine comedy story ascent added sanctity jerusalem making important city mecca medina
mother say scoot thing marly slid forward car seat talking mother neck coat collar say grandma marly mother asked don breathe neck dear driving road narrow snowy worrisome say marly noticed look mother gave daddy sat front seat tell mother afraid daddy object hearing thing tired usual asked mother drive tired sat eyes closed chin buried collar jacket marly wanted mother say scoot thing maybe didn think knew going maple hill promise ask promise marly brother joe turned window change pittsburgh face glued fly don say asked mother ten hundred times want say joe asked wanted mother say marly couldn told truth mother words feelings grandma house yard maple hill words mother marly remember grandma mother voice bird voice pretended cross wasn
mrs chris kissed daddy stood hands shoulders looking look picture re thin cut newspaper posted kitchen wall daddy stood stiffly talked hero heard mother chrissie sugaring season wanted remember grandma insisting school month chris season seen chrissie saying camp tonight mother let marly cried joe brown house sugar camp joe eat maple hill chrissie lee fritz kindle fire thought going cold looked mother frown didn suit face wasn straighten lee let sooner began bustling huge warm kitchen stove size ordinary stove table ten feet wrote late purpose wouldn bother mother marly looked dismay table set slipped close mother whispered stay eat wait maple hill hush mother blushed joe whispered marly side
gallons tree give daddy asked marly knew wanted maple hill fifty maple trees practically daddy arithmetic getting ready start working average tree give twenty gallons season chris half gallon syrup seasons sap sweeter start won trees chris leaned forward telling wonderful secret tree pasture fence hang buckets tree feet known give hundred forty gallons sap season looked proud tree marly thought figure hundred laughed maple tree young plenty sap left hundred mrs chris laughed tree chris pet declare goes pinches worms chris opened stove doors began shoving logs let help daddy picked sized shoved tree dies chris thinking pet provide logs season sugaring kicked doors shut big boot suddenly heat rose logs sap pans began rising faster bubbles rose magic faster faster marly stood cry
miss hickory heard heavy footsteps clump clumping stones pasture approaching lilac bush corner sharp black eye pair large yellow feet turn head matter fact miss hickory difficulty turning head hickory nut grown especially sharp pointed nose eyes mouth inked body apple wood twig formed body arms legs hand feet twigs grow body miss hickory nut head glued wore blue white checked gingham dress white cap ruffles tied smart bow beneath chin persons looking miss hickory country doll miss keturah notions store hillsborough ann tilt sharp nose pursed mouth keen eyes doll known miss hickory real person black shadow passed doorsill miss hickory house coarse caw intended catch attention continued sweeping broom pine needles finished tea acorn cup saucer neatly washed stood shelf stove bed discarded pullets feathers covered bright quilt patched sumac leaves ready pleasant dreams miss hickory house corncobs notched neatly fitted glued stood beneath lilac bush sweet purple bloom thickly green cheerful birds summer
finish canning miss hickory built wood fire started forest berries beautiful crisp warm sunshine forget crow warning visit crow ready raucous chit chatter seriously say likes hear say reminded put small rush basket arm stepped briskly twig feet torches goldenrod lighted october road towered miss hickory head found easily brightness feel gay farther purple asters royal canopy beneath walked proudly edge woods left road deep green pines miss hickory nose keen fox smell pine trees failed head explain woods sniffing rich earth wandering lacy lanes ferns smelling pines felt person wished dig tiny hemlock trees set front corncob house idea treasured cold woods left sunny road realize berrying days knelt dug leaves making thick covering earth surprised feel warm earth leaves cold
swing bit jump crow call higher decided game wanted learn pulled bough swayed pleasantly moment jumped branch farther crow croaked climb continued swing jump climb feeling adventurous bold step miss hickory climbed apple tree ground dizzying look temple mountain keeping vigil west farther called answered perch careful easy dear lady home looked astonishment pointed large deep nest resting securely crotch apple tree crow knew suit sight began argue boast real estate agent light heat free sun shines lease robin built planned stay north winter willard brown drove hooks hanging clothes robin builds carelessly leaves twigs sticking insulated cold country mud crow sales talk miss hickory listened mentioned willard brown cat decided drive home balanced bough inspected empty nest sheltered strong peered inside saw wind cushioned empty nest deeply milkweed lined rose brown oak leaves
sat cold living room small apartment east village happened sitting sofa reading king lear marking yellow lines stand professor elwood class read significant speeches act play room darkness pool light lamp sky clear cold ready snow reading moving silent lips lear weary bitter speeches reading intently word silent word phone rang clear startling ring fred morgan couch slowly laid book face walked insistent ringing dark kitchen phone gleamed wall narrow window room clotheslines bare night dark bulk building windows dark realized late fred leaned wall mind lear words heartbreak looked window clotheslines picked receiver ringing stopped blade cut hello fred morgan voice low quiet yes voice heard message fred say hello hit fred began tremble couldn speak sudden breeze rustled clotheslines re going die voice fred gripped receiver tight
snowing heavily walked subway stairs blustery fifty ninth street trees central park white shaking wind fred paused hotel canopy glance watch hurried street till neo renaissance facade town athletic club looked watch ten yes club fred wide stone steps revolving door frosted glass heavy bronze lobby large serene secure secure grimly remembered feeling aura security serenity stepped lobby stepping closed impregnable ago yes stopped going stopped abruptly bitter look crept eyes scanned warm high room seated high backed leather chairs sat reading large newspapers gazing vacantly snow falling white trees central park gray walls huge room portraits early century turbulent finance industry governor united states senator solid looking florid faces large black eyes dead dead thought
father silent brooding look face strong hands clenched slowly unclenched sat looking glass window dark court pay fred suddenly burst wants die corell grimly shook head don tried tell fred moved bit closer father re want kill tell bitterly born son corell hands quivered quiet fred dare touch words cold flat sure fred walked form chair sat heavily sure edward corell sure burst thought damned look dragged look stopped son person left lousy look fred corell fred waved hand furiously counts killed died murdered woman fred corell hated values crimes stopped instant fleeting timeless instant thought facing father ago dark bitter
gray cold december june sunny warm full birds blossoms happy things songs praise adam quartermayne looking father easter thought surely morning rolled bed dormitory school boys slept today coming night disappointed daunted put sleep making stories father end choir practice beginning lesson grammar middle dinner boys ate meat pottage silence master read aloud latin lives saints adam stories began ended roger minstrel taking adam school courtyard striding adam harp shoulder father viol arm gateway pass river highway led london wide free famous school monks abbey st alban adam months ago father left france minstrels school held lent cambrai learn romances tell lords ladies england roger quartermayne ordinary minstrel picking uncertain penny telling rough yarns innyards market places filling gaps memory juggling tumbling piping poorer sort
adam perkin skirted north side church slipped herb garden corner clumps tall lavender monk working adam squatted pulled perkin crept hands knees tangy fragrant plants wriggled hedge side herb garden vegetable gardens rows green cabbages leeks peas beans bit orchard fish pond stopped minute look carp perkin thrown nick bread adam abbey wall climb give leg adam bit wall big barn adam toe fingerhold top wall knees elbows scraped hand perkin help tuft pink valerian growing crevice nodded breeze shed fragrance adam sniffed loved warm bright sweet things earth hated shut inside stone walls smell cold damp books woolen robes sat top wall sniffed let wind blow hair crinkled eyes sun thought felt blissful waiting perkin waste river wall strip grass narrow path gnarled willow tree stood roots water branch pressed wall
roger wonderful adam eyes magnificent war horse named bayard adam reached stroked bayard nose felt smooth warm hard hand red lined nostrils flared big lips moved expected bit eat adam looked found tuft tender grass chewed wide rotary motion till bit flecked green foam tossed head mane swung harness jingled heath de lisle train packhorses carts disappeared town clustered roofs tower stood dark setting sun yonder roger spoke began move slowly st alban leading bayard bridle adam walked perkin marched silently side adam lean hawklike face alight pleasure nick ranged ahead nose ground hunting rabbits going adam answered roger question question certainly stay adam heart leaped joy earnestly plenty eat bed taught sing latin hymns learned stories saints don want stay minstrel clerk want sir edmund roger goes tomorrow london
godfrey looked uncertainly moment gave shrill shout hugh minstrel son says ride bayard hugh halfway alley turned carrying blunt ended ash wood pole lance adam looked squarely sir adam saying don care crowd want belong share bit hugh thinking glittery blue eyes adam tell hugh glance wavered turned bayard adam knew looked horse touched hugh loved bayard adam loved nick getting hugh horse battle acre holy land uncle exchange white spanish jennet sorry afterward liked jennet bayard mounted nimbly ralph handed lance boys ran raise shield higher post questioned hugh turn godfrey adam hugh riding bayard feel hugh thought maybe uncle give bayard didn adam understood hugh disagreeable suppose nick saint simon copying simon talbot sorry horse roger didn horse
asked roger night bed bench hall daytime hall center household dais end high table de lisles guests ate falcons sitting perches wall dogs lying floor feet center hall hearth cold days fire lighted length hall side hearth tables wide oak boards carved trestles set lesser folk belonged household sat meals cloths tables rich colored undercloth fine white linen overcloth boards stacked wall trestles benches pushed room minstrelsy dancing games chess dice talk laughter ladies withdraw room called solar sat hours embroidery entertained gentlemen gossip tales roger told night benches wall rushes floor slept household porter slept instance clerk kitchen archer roger adam nick adam liked hall night cool fresh air river open windows cleared lingering smoke moonlight nights moon shone embroidered wall hangings woke faint colors
greasy looking overgrown boy set cup ale small loaf bread kitchen adam took knife wallet prepared bread carefully cut loaf half cut top part put pieces turned bottom half trencher meat sat straight looked hungry impolite touch bread ale meat starved glutton table round faced chapman eating fatted goose parsley room bit monk brown robe attacked large steaming beef pie delicious odors roasting meat filled nick longing stood put paws adam knee giving sigh deep groan portion capon set adam cut piece nick slipped table race adam losing nick ate bits snap swallow asking adam chew mouthful food minutes adam speak thing don length batting air face hand flies nick say agreed jumped snapped leash slipped adam knees fly buzzed nick leaping snapping
valley family indians cleared land small field smaller hut woman children boy crouched rock ledge head zigzag trail indians looked small antlike chuto distinctly yes cusi whispered yes young voice broke wonder whispered echo smoke ring campfire circled upward getting larger getting fainter misted cold blue air seen remember wonderful chuto wonderful stiffly place rock true boy seen lived young remember chuto looked tightly enclosed lived hidden valley high rock slope mountain mountain peak mountain peak sheer hard glistening frozen mantles ice snow encircled openings hidden stood head llama trail narrow rocky path zigzagged steeply slope foot mile lay valley end hidden valley opening stood cusi opening knew morning clouds softened tips mountain peaks
shorter daylight light chuto cusi walking ychu grass thin curl smoke breakfast fire breakfast minstrel misti suncca waiting waiting ate boiled pigweed seeds tostado parched corn talked coming journey minstrel salt pits cuzco holy city lima city kings cusi thought minstrel wander land place sun rose morning place set evening llama herd home breakfast boy llama corral high stone walls walls part ruined temple days incas ruled peru spaniards corral mother llamas babies young join flock grazing highland meadow months ago misti black lived yellow ears mother cusi entered corral yellow ears speak cusi turned minstrel tell careful yellow ears cusi thought yellow ears showing displeasure spat cusi started say distance senor yellow ears spit say need say friends looking look means cusi surprised minstrel certainly wonderful llamas corral accepted chuto busy baby llamas want leave short trip salt pits happy hidden valley wanted valley beneath
chuno potato sack ground coarse meal cusi sat heels looked minstrel indian finished chanting solemnly chewing coca leaves cusi looked llamas ychu grass finished grazing solemnly chewing cuds cusi looked chuto indian kindling supper fire holding small golden disk catch sun rays light crumpled dry llama dung soon small blaze started cusi brought armload dry dung feed flame brought clay pot filled chuno knew supper parched corn boiled chuno afterward handful coca leaves lump lime chew cold night warmer cusi feel sorry food frozen potatoes corn gruel pigweed seed stew dried bits meat hungry cold lonely knew living tonight special minstrel brought treat brought small gourd chicha sweet sour corn drink andes minstrel called liquid song evening meal fiesta cusi tired hands cut pounding pulling braiding wet grass strands ached bending grinding stone happy supper tasted chicha coca cold night warm
oats turning yellow corn leaves torn brittle rustling newspaper dry wind blew rain didn soon corn harvest cut oats hay garnet looked smooth sky angrily shook fist cried let rain step bare feet kicked small cloud dust dust hair nose making tickle garnet halfway ten legs arms taffy colored pigtails freckled nose turned eyes green brown wore pair blue overalls cut knee whistle teeth boy softly thinking forgotten anger sky big black fir trees hausers farm lay solid sleepy looking bend road bed burning red salvia flowers lawn tractor threshing machine stood side side shade friendly monsters road hauser pigs lay slumbering wheezing shelter lazy fat things garnet threw pebble biggest hog snorted horribly lumbered feet garnet laughed fence screen door twanged shut citronella hauser steps house flapping dish towel fan fat girl red cheeks thick yellow bangs
mailbox important looking envelope father letters mother uninteresting postal card jay picture office building parked cars uncle julius duluth letters garnet christmas birthday put mail sticky slicker pocket turned citronella house slopped splashed lawn porch steps looked screen door dark hall hat rack rubber plant called pressed face screen hauser house smell houses smelled brown soap ironing linoleum stuffy citronella called garnet citronella answered thumping stairs bangs flopping forehead grandma room explained garnet telling garnet stepped muddy boots hung slicker barefooted climbed stairs citronella citronella grandmother named mrs eberhardt room front house full photographs relatives grown small age sat light leaf rocking chair red crocheted blanket knees liked bright colors especially red yes told children liked red girl dye clothes fall gathered sumach berries boiled dip cloth finished sort brownish color red expect
bracelet elly fifty cents buy elly looked kind queer fanny thought wasn coming sold bracelet minetta harvey week ago put head counter cried fit break heart elly felt real bad fanny don cry sell agate locket price buy maybe blue bead necklace coral bracelet stopped crying dried eyes told elly getting late don suppose idea going home hour wouldn let leave gave sucker patted shoulder mind bracelet hodgeville maybe find sun setting commenced hurry woods dark thick side road darker minute wasn sound crickets sniffled felt sorry disappointed tired quarters guess noticed walking road real dark stars hard minute thought hiding roadside decided knew single person miles scared
radio happened jewish boy killed german wasn nice allowing run streets germany night things jews nice special night kristallnacht father kristallnacht mean ssht annie listening father days didn say nice things play find answered questions feet mother tell walked bedroom ask word kristallnacht meant headache bad kidneys give headaches anyway germany wasn holland frowned winterswijk german border twenty minutes close farmers lived close border cows grazed germany road houses knew father cattle dealer took buy cows glad lived winterswijk close germany room saw mush nicer looked window house gans family street ganses waved night leaned window woman big son bed call tell mother wouldn bad didn tell sisters sini rachel big sisters sixteen twenty
house stood middle meadows fields distance top part church marketplace winterswijk father brought home brown dog bobbie gave picked hugged war afternoons school bobbie walks met cows eating eyes open ate bent study didn notice busy grass stood field getting chilly getting worried home house called police home clock police found home marbles happy maybe home case getting worried didn inside hear going sophie shouldn listened america turned mon bobbie wandered farther house discovered farm close asked father sure droppers farm children eleven re nice frits fourth grade school ies spending mother complained don annie told frits bright
mother sini didn want shouldn wouldn coming tomorrow didn father morning mother asked sini bent bed hiding whispered fine hotel food supposed blushed sini lie mother smiled thirty minutes sini left room annie mother remember candy machine station nodded think working twenty cent piece home buy grabbed money hand ran didn want tears sini waiting mother going sick asked knows going die going happen soon found wasn surprised home rachel waiting bottle peroxide hand wash hair sini sat bed watch sini pretty hair shiny black wrong color rachel poured peroxide glass filled glass water emptied sini hair waited speechlessly wrong happening front eyes sini hair began turn red rusty barbed wire red dull lifeless red rachel stopped jerk sini lifted head splashing water pushed hair eyes looked won furiously look awful
children shora school jella biggest big husky age eelka slow clumsy mind mind swift auka beginning say auka nice everyday boy fun pier dirk brothers pier dirk looked alike cousins pier liked dirk liked dirk pier liked twins lina girl shora school girl boys course teacher teacher maybe begin started lina schoolgirl shora wrote story storks storks shora lina written story storks accord teacher asked write fact lina read loud boys teacher school thought storks middle arithmetic lesson lina raised hand asked teacher read story storks wrote storks lina called story essay composition teacher pleased lina written piece accord stopped arithmetic lesson let lina read story
lina fixed eyes hard distant hazy swirling sea wanting stork knowing sea gull wouldn play eelka week maybe ten days maybe weeks jella rest left eelka games wouldn bother eelka wouldn bother stared hard gull gull wasn stork suppose big flock storks flying sea boys jumping ditches wouldn lina admit wouldn difference saw storks storks wouldn stay shora boys couldn stay difference lina sighed hard girl shora took wooden shoes sat staring moodily caught lonely habit sat staring shoe feel help think didn wished wear wooden shoes schoolroom socks wooden shoes left portal lina sure help end pull shoes stare dream awhile especially arithmetic problem lina sighed couldn dream arithmetic arithmetic think arithmetic sort scary hard scary exciting storks exciting wonder
morning school schoolroom boys lina teacher saturday morning start singing song country lovely spot ground fatherland cradle stood sat quietly teacher stood looking turn wondered lead lina hand shot amazement hand shot jella eelka teacher looked happy pleased lina furious teacher ditch jumping clapped hand mouth late wasn tattletale boiling furious fooling teacher making happy teacher looked short moment surprised turned jella jella sat front seat big stubborn angry angry teacher saying jella think reason storks shora didn think jella told teacher honestly asked mother teacher smiled thinking asking wise mother say storks don shora storks nesting spots shora
maybe nice wheels ternaad pier paying dirk scaring secretly relieved dirk dirk crazy silly notions legs certainly intention sitting waiting dirk jumped dirk moment crumpled ground dirk legs gasped legs won hold sleep sitting afternoon dirk impatiently yes pier relief scared moment told dirk moment thought didn legs plenty legs dirk sense pier hotly grinned dirk glad don roads things don dirk let going ternaad pier asked won till dark hungry sitting didn eat noon excited let run home ask mom eat dirk wavered agreed hungry run home clear ternaad won fool side side ran shora village street finally slowed panting walk street lay empty quiet wasn sound stirred country hunting dirk guiltily hungry
talk janus re clever brother dirk talked talked earnestly want storks shora want put wagon wheel school hunted thinking dared look yard wheel dirk talked desperately talking talking postpone pier punishment janus sat listening dirk started explained project told janus storks africa lions rhinoceroses hippopotamuses dirk words twisted ran say think repeated helplessly africa live wild beasts live janus amazingly ask living takes courage suddenly picked pier set told pier think going believe cooked wild story coming wheel cherries truth tell wouldn grabbed handfuls cherries dirk nodded timidly don let hang green slowly janus told pier honest brother kid managed thought cherries pier red face rubbed leg awkwardly sure hold
height eelka saw farmer saw sneaking bank ditch ran road jella rolling wheel eelka yelled yelled warn jella jella didn hear distance farmer grabbed jella jella wheel wobbling side road ditch farmer led jella road school eelka softly jella stole wheel stared jella farmer shook head deep inside felt satisfaction jella leader scolding slow clumsy coming jella didn want games big wheel leader leader eelka misgivings flitted determination outdo jella eelka look jella determined pushed wheel open doorway dared overbalance shoot ground wheel lay ready lowered eelka studied situation maybe tie end rope chest leave hands free case grab hang wheel pulling high hayloft rope knotted chest eelka took precaution walking upright beam climbed rope rope going beam big wheel direct pull
older john proctor sense head strong resist madness children young betty parris cousin abigail williams withstand surely helpless betty abigail eleven helpless fact happen began quietly remember ice covered january afternoon opened door kitchen parris house find betty curled settles moping minor ailment abigail sat erect ankles properly crossed facing settle tituba stool tituba slender woman soft voiced dark eyed eyes dark pale brown face glowed coals reverend samuel parris brought tituba husband john indian barbados tituba quiet gentle cherished coddled betty parris parents massachusetts bay colony believed stern demanding experience children strong endure coddling tituba cards palms hands truth spells magic learned mysterious distant island barbados looking spark lit willing tinder stifled repressed young minds sure put thoughts paper clearer
twas easy bound servant john proctor tall straight ruggedly handsome owned tavern ipswich road hiring run preferred spend farm called groton hundred demanding acres fertile land elizabeth proctor lived children baby spent helping tavern rare occasions writing took place bewitched leave confess admitted living soul love love john called john aloud careful say master proctor love dreams dreams touch dreams knowing someday felt dreams speaking openly stint spinning wheel amount scrubbing cleaning tiring amount hours spent hot fire cooking dishes thought savor regretted gave small sign satisfaction praise elizabeth proctor kind mistress pregnancies hard causing fussy complaining till times wanted slap mature wanted abby believe believe
sky clear blue sun shining warmth snow blindingly white clean quickly road crossing met goody side road parris house saw coming opposite direction elizabeth hubbard sarah churchill sarah bound george jacobs sharp tongued toothless lame aid canes elizabeth orphan smallpox lived aunt mistress griggs wife doctor met greeted asked going looked guiltily replied sarah spoke thought visit parris house heard strange goings place aught told seen betty parris sort taking abigail williams told happened night prayers slave tituba elizabeth asked tis read hand cards future want hear filled mystery doom doom hang elizabeth asked lightly surely mystery case going ashamed nodded miss circus arrived find keeping room nigh filled girls
ft equal cm equal ft equal cm equal wall wall carpeting means covering entire floor area room area length times width length width area note meters times meters equals meters squared carpeting comes meter widths buy meter length carpeting meter length times meter width equal square meters accomplish set nice piece carpet left bound tape carpet runner house floor carpeted filling room floor ceiling wall wall cartons wouldn mean determine amount space volume cartons assume room high figure refresh memory calculations converting depth feet meters depth dimension volume calculated length width remains calculated depth volume product length width depth height
summation evaluate object terms size determining facts accomplished finding area area object length times width answers accomplished finding volume volume object length times width times height depth volume amount space object takes answers find area volume regularly shaped object meter stick ruler find liquid volume graduated cylinder measuring cup answers milliliters ml liters find volume irregularly shaped object carefully lower object container filled water water object pushes displaces object completely submerged displaced water equal volume object answers milliliter ml liter liter ml determine object size terms weight weight depends mass object depends gravitational force acting object determine object size finding mass mass describes amount matter goes object mass object constant property depend location
things noticed nutrition information food labels shown figure metric units measuring units food drug administration prescribed metric system nutrition labels unit accustomed ounce large conveniently describe amounts nutrients foods instance gram equal weight paper clip food grams protein expressing customary terms ounce customary measurements food composition small confusing fractions certainly don want confused point metric units volume serving size liquid foods container net volume upper portion label weight metric units grams protein carbohydrate fat single serving food lower portion nutrition information panel percentage recommended daily allowance rda protein vitamins minerals single serving require understanding metric system universal product code upc shown figure series closely spaced lines bars numbers scanned read laser beam message store computer identifies item rings computer terminal checkout counter
vitamins center stage discussion dietary supplements minerals essential health growth amount minerals diet minerals needed large amounts diet calcium phosphorus sodium chlorine potassium magnesium sulfur macrominerals needed quantities milligrams gram minerals called trace minerals needed small amounts iron manganese copper iodine zinc cobalt fluorine selenium minerals lead mercury cadmium considered harmful amount minerals body requires health harmful excess taking essential mineral upset balance function minerals body excess calcium interferes functions essential elements iron copper excess mineral intake reduce ability perform physical tasks contribute health problems anemia neurological disease fetal abnormalities risks greatest young pregnant nursing women elderly inadequate diet chronic disease mineral elements general body functions building regulating building functions affect skeleton soft tissues regulating functions include wide variety systems heartbeat blood clotting maintenance internal pressure body fluids nerve responses transport oxygen lungs tissues description macrominerals presented information tabularized table
present extremely small amounts body essential nutrients live occur body free form bound organic compounds depend transport storage function understanding importance elements comes primarily studies animals description mineral presented information tabularized table iron important part compounds transporting oxygen cells making oxygen arrives widely distributed body blood large amounts liver spleen bone marrow diets provide iron carefully selected foods iron amounts liver excellent source iron sources meat products egg yolk fish green leafy vegetables peas beans dried fruits grain cereals foods prepared iron enriched cereal products manganese needed normal tendon bone structure part enzymes manganese abundant foods especially bran coffee tea nuts peas beans copper involved regulating storage iron form hemoglobin red blood cells need copper important early months intake mother sufficient infants born store copper copper occurs unprocessed foods organ meats shellfish nuts dried legumes
safe frozen foods begins store buying frozen foods check display cases foods frostline load line line marked commercial freezer cabinets safety level addition buy products correctly stored line don delay shopping frozen foods home put freezer immediately bacterial contamination foods reduced cooking refrigeration processes retard growth disease producing bacteria grow reproduce bacteria need things moisture warmth source food elements missing bacteria grow food refrigerated necessities warmth lacking bacterial growth retarded bacteria killed refrigeration refrigeration stop multiplying slows ability bacteria produce toxin poison perishable food days temperature food longer stored higher temperatures poison producing microorganisms grow rapidly foods undergo doubling bacterial growth minutes important prepare serve perishable foods lapse taking refrigerator freezer perishable food products wholly partially milk milk products eggs meat poultry fish shellfish
walked carpet wintertime touched door knob metal railing experienced nerve tingling shock shampooing hair noticed sparks crackling brush dry hair experiences related similar effects observed ago matter fact early greeks credited discovering phenomenon called static electricity early experimenters found substances rubber amber acquired ability exert forces objects rubber amber rubbed vigorously pieces wool fur substances electrified thought special fluid flowed body today say object charged term electrical charge benjamin franklin investigated electrical phenomena suggested electrical effects due surplus deficiency fluid assigned terms positive represent surplus negative represent deficit fluid franklin believed hard rubber rod rubbed fur electrical fluid flowed rod fur charge rod negative basic discoveries franklin extended understand deal electricty applications turn electric light telephone watch television utilizing end results chain scientific discoveries investigations electric charge longer viewed fluid
safety point electrical circuit connected ground wire connected rod driven earth permits stray charges safely removed electric current carried appliance plug cord insulated wires prong wire carries current appliance prong wire carries current appliance house circuit connected ground flow current appliance balance saying current leaving power source return source insulation wire inside appliance broken current tries leak conductor metal casing appliance makes appliance live leaking current waiting move ground touch live appliance touch ground electricity flow ground giving shock standing wet damp floor touching ground shock touch live appliance touch reason birds sit high voltage wires affected completed circuit electricity flows bodies look closely wall outlet notice slots plug longer
settle question nuclear power worth risk suggested student obtain literature advocates nuclear power opposed attending debate subject prove interesting aim text enable discuss topic factual manner fusion process sun stars generate energy sun composed hot gases hot atoms ionized means negatively charged electrons deparated positively charged nucleus atom naked atom called ion matter consisting ions known plasma special properties properties ions frequently collide hotter plasma harder collide major problem facing researchers hold heat plasma suitable container ions moving million miles hour strike walls container lose energy method confinement plasma inside magnetic field called magnetic bottle method safe magnetic field fails reason fusion process stops material released fusion form energy looked electrical power production process environmentally attractive basic fuel fusion plentiful fusion plants operate deuterium isotope hydrogen
hair strand divided parts root hair follicle buried scalp living portion hair strand portion visible hair shaft dead portion strand hair hair grows root outward part cut shampoo maybe color longer alive trim cut hair experiencing pain considering coloring hair aware cautions warnings hair dyes lightly going professional hairdresser color hair patch test patch test allergic reaction product person develops allergy type dye allergy remains types consult dermatologist bring sample dye product fda published highly recommended pamphlet entitled re coloring hair jane heenan shampoo special preparation cleansing hair dirt oil dead skin scales today advertised shampoos touted aid success social sexual settings primary cleansing agent shampoo soap shampoos era covered food drug cosmetic act
cosmetics thousands country culture tombs egyptian rulers jars pots evidently cosmetics recent records european ladies gentlemen centuries lavishly cosmetics cosmetic industry big business spend billions dollars creams oils shampoos shave creams sales toothpaste shampoo mouthwash talcum powder hand lotion soap remainder goes perfumes lipstick rouges eye shadows manufacturers believe advertised product magically change purchaser princess recently prince vanishing creams yesterday widely hope wiping wrinkles telltale signs aging preventers repairers cell renewers aging complexes today advertised diminish wrinkles prevent future signs aging preserve youthfulness skin products women dermatologists describe products moisturizers actually moisturizers simply coat skin water evaporate leaving skin dry moisturize skin water inside drinking soaking bathing wrinkles result wearing protein fibers lend elasticity skin factors dehydration slowdown cells renew heredity overexposure sun general health environment contribute process
knowing basic facts help choose cosmetics wisely creams lotions skin wrinkling dry skin wrinkling goes wrinkling caused damage supporting fibers skin fastest damage fibers expose skin sun sunscreen para acid paba material absorbs light ultraviolet range emits lower wavelength paba acts screen sun baby oil give skin protection sun ultraviolet rays skin dry lacks water correct dryness water inside skin soaking bathing apply moisturizing cream lotion water want unusual ingredients mink oil turtle oil royal jelly help cream lotion hold moisture skin prevent wrinkles raise price dermatologists favor water unscented soap cleansing easily removed cleansing cream soap water proven natural ingredients skin re natural making cosmetics fun economical books market complete book natural cosmetics beatrice traven simon schuster york city cosmetics kitchen marcia donnan holt rinehart winston york city earth beauty catherine palmer st martin press york city ingredients readily obtainable supermarket pharmacy
combustion process burning burning place conditions present fuel material burn fuel heated temperature high begin burn called kindling temperature fuel specific kindling temperature oxygen present support burning oxygen combines fuel process called oxidation oxygen material able burn conditions present combustion ways extinguishing fires based concept removing fuel lowering temperature cutting supply oxygen conditions stop fire burning prevent occurring place methods putting fires simple pouring sand throwing heavy cloth fire fire extinguisher kinds extinguishers put kinds fire fires class types fire extinguishers pressurized water pressurized soda acid foam carbon dioxide dry chemical newest halon extinguisher class fires involve burning wood paper cloth materials form hot coals sustain fire water works cool lower temperature material class fires involve flammable liquids gasoline oil paint cooking fat water extinguishers class fires water burning material float spread fire
home areas potential accidents listed key precautions observed main areas home kitchen don mix chlorine bleach ammonia ammonia iodine products furniture polishes drain cleaners oven cleaners safety packaging children accidentally opening packages cleaning chemical products original containers labels containers give aid information event swallows comes contact product harmful products stored food harmful products food accidentally food poison mixed swallow poison potentially harmful products put high reach children locking cabinets hold dangerous products poison prevention bathroom don smoke pressurized sprays hair deodorant sprays aspirins potentially harmful products child resistant covers medicines older chemicals inside change look expiration dates flush drugs toilet rinse container discard give drugs person doctor prescribed illegal give prescription medicine patient prescribed medicines original containers original labels prescription medicines list ingredients prescription number label allow rapid identification pharmacist ingredients listed
contemporary consumerism evolved mid triggered concerns expressed rachel carson book silent spring ralph nader auto safety investigation concerns clearly expressed president kennedy efforts establish rights consumers safety informed choose heard mid sixties late seventies field consumerism encompassed steadily expanded trend apparent increased spending federal regulatory activities government addressed standing consumer problems movement concerned protection rights consumer infringement business governmental agencies eventually environmental concerns consumerism entwined common issues looking regulatory legislative scorecard strength consumer movement subsided judgment premature consumer protection solidly entrenched legal system includes provision private parties sue redress violations governmental regulations spite advances initial dissatisfactions remedied safety implies protection marketing goods hazardous health laws relating foods textiles drugs cosmetics tires demand products endanger health safety potential exists dangerous misuse clear warning provided poisonous cleaning fluids safety broadened include mandatory protection
living united states form nation person nation member smaller groups stop think live play groups group family born group obey rules govern member chance help happy millions family groups america depend help teach children nation citizens grow older join neighborhood groups examples groups farmers ministers policemen soldiers doctors teachers person works belongs group persons want living true meaning join church groups church groups learn think wrong learn laws god family neighborhood church groups satisfy needs want neighborhood want streets repaired lighted clean want protected crimes fires want pure water pure food neighborhoods want things set city town group supply services able services want town city able satisfy need want visit friends cities countries want roads roads city town want protect town diseases towns help
government united states belongs citizens final authority public officer authority citizens agreed plan government citizens power govern citizens carry laws choose representatives carry government democracy united states governed representatives enforce laws reason say representative democracy head representative democracy elected republic power govern hereditary monarchy republic united states citizens full rights final authority united states important citizens want person citizen citizen matters controlled constitution laws united states constitution united states says persons born naturalized united states subject jurisdiction thereof citizens united states reside person born united states subject jurisdiction citizen constitution says persons citizens born persons born united states citizens naturalized millions born foreign countries united states homes
continental congress decided fight britain june george washington selected lead soldiers helped win war french indians knew organize army george washington want general loved peace hated fight thought colonists willing help qualified george washington accepted authority continental congress delegated left meeting train soldiers carry war colonists thought king george iii give rights king change mind members continental congress talked colonists decided separate britain set government agreed write declaration independence committee appointed write thomas jefferson leader committee committee reported continental congress july declaration independence voted continental congress members accepted signed members declaration independence things stated principles government god persons live free search happiness purpose government protect rights government laws consent quit government start listed rights colonists king parliament
french indian war britain soldiers live homes colonists ask owners wanted officers searched houses took property telling lives homes safe wanted sure government things fourth amendments guard strong actions amendment says federal government bear arms states group trained firearms need group called militia amendment says peace soldiers private houses agree fourth amendment guards rights safe unreasonable searches private property written order officer tells look look amendments intended safe homes countries prison chance prove break law tried judges fair put jail told wanted sure federal government allow things sixth eighth amendments give person fair trial charged broken law person tried special body known grand jury called court heard charges decided tried
fathers constitution matters covered treaties decided let president senate develop part constitution delcared article ii president power advice consent senate treaties provided thirds senators present concur constitution say subjects treaties matters left president senate constitution say citizens countries land united states president senate treaties nations giving citizens land united states texas union treaty united states examples show treaties help give constitution federal courts helped develop constitution explain meaning constitution laws treaties constitution says president senate approves appoint officers president put person office senate refuses agree constitution declares congress thirds vote houses pass law wishes veto president meant thirds vote mean thirds elected members house thirds choose vote constitution silent questions federal courts answer answers meaning constitution fourth customs practices political party system helped develop constitution
authority delegated constitution amendments authority federal government congress passes law president carries law federal court explains law punishes person breaking law act according authority delegated reason say government laws authority delegated added eighteenth amendment delegated authority congress control trade alcoholic drinks delegated authority congress twenty amendment amending constitution give authority branch federal government constitution declares final authority government belongs final authority government goes constitution laws treaties united states constitution places limits writing constitution constitution sets branches government delegated authority lawmaking branch delegated authority lay rules action laws executive branch delegated authority enforce laws courts delegated authority explain decide questions law constitution tells changed important change government organized found nebraska constitution nebraska divided lawmaking branch houses nebraska decided lawmaking body house
house representatives powers share senate house authority impeach word impeach means power say looks important officer federal government guilty treason bribery high crimes misdemeanors brought trial senate constitution says tax laws begin house fathers constitution gave authority house order large states votes say tax money raised course senate vote change suggested tax law passed house representatives authority house representatives decide place tax bills considered congress important presidential election candidate president receives majority votes electors house representatives chooses president highest candidates studied important checks balances government checks balances means ways branches federal government prevent branches acting fast strong senate check president making treaties appointing officers large states congressmen balanced small states equal votes senate
congress authority country safe enemy authority raise support army navy air force declare war states trained regular army need trained called militia congress helps states organize militia arm congress call militia states help president carry laws united states congress determines size army navy air force makes rules govern money spend strong congress authority matters laws united states says persons born united states citizens congress sets post offices controls handling mail congress makes keeps weights measures yard thirty inches place united states congress says authority weights measures important trouble carrying trade standard pound quart yard seat federal government located district columbia congress makes important laws govern district columbia fathers constitution listed authority congress clear terms
president chief enforce laws treaties nation constitution president authority clear terms says article ii executive power vested belong president united states job obey laws head army navy air force call armed forces nation help fathers constitution intend president influence congress president elected nation regarded head party head nation send message congress address radio television country looks congress elect president think laws passed think laws served needs nation hold president leader party responsible party expect lead congress president real authority lead congress clear words constitution learned bills passed congress president sign refuse sign times tells congress veto bill respect wishes votes pass bill veto decide pass bill
lawmaking branch government separate groups nebraska group house called senate called house representatives assembly states house representatives assembly larger senate members lower house elected counties members senate elected districts counties term office states want examine constitution try learn members lawmaking body elected term office qualifications teacher help forty states legislatures divided houses laws general member house bring forward bill wishes passed law bill committee committee studied bill decide put end bill committee favors bill reports house suggests bill passed members chance talk bill vote majority voting favor bill passed bill goes house steps bill passed houses governor signs bill law governor veto bill
local government city cities number forms government organization group chosen representatives direct business city local laws levy local taxes person head city government called mayor manager heads important departments responsible mayor manager plan city government city want study plan city teacher tell information general plans city government united states cities voters elect officer known mayor voters elect lawmaking group called council members city council elected voters city divided districts member district form city government called mayor council plan council makes laws mayor enforces laws mayor help important officers called department heads study purposes local government departments public health police fire education heads departments authority mayor city council plan council passes city laws called ordinances bylaws city council pass laws city charter federal laws federal constitutions
taxes businesses tax business rate states tax business company federal government states tax incomes companies business limits business corporation pay tax shares stock issue show ownership company business wants public property private gain pay special tax states cities place heavy taxes businesses railroad bus companies public property chief purpose public property public persons want special purpose private gain charge form tax paid happens tax paid public property licenses important support local governments license statement writing person named acts carry businesses charges special rights law permit persons run shops practice law medicine want drive automobile hunt fish marry license charge tax direct person pays pass income tax direct tax person income pay tax taxes paid person passed persons
section full faith credit public acts records judicial proceedings congress general laws prescribe manner acts records proceedings proved effect thereof section citizens entitled privileges immunities citizens states person charged treason felony crime flee justice found demand executive authority fled delivered removed jurisdiction crime person held service labour laws thereof escaping consequence law regulation discharged service labour delivered claim party service labour due section states admitted congress union states formed erected jurisdiction formed junction states parts states consent legislatures states concerned congress congress power dispose needful rules regulations respecting territory property belonging united states constitution construed prejudice claims united states section united states guarantee union republican form government protect invasion application legislature executive legislature convened domestic violence
section persons born naturalized united states subject jurisdiction thereof citizens united states reside enforce law abridge privileges immunities citizens united states deprive person liberty property due process law deny person jurisdiction equal protection laws section representatives apportioned states according respective numbers counting number persons excluding indians taxed vote election choice electors president vice president united states representatives congress executive judicial officers members legislature thereof denied male inhabitants twenty age citizens united states abridge participation rebellion crime basis representation reduced proportion number male citizens bear number male citizens twenty age section person senator representative congress elector president vice president hold office civil military united states previously oath member congress officer united states member legislature executive judicial officer support constitution united states engaged rebellion aid comfort enemies thereof
section person elected office president person held office president acted president term person elected president elected office president article apply person holding office president article proposed congress prevent person holding office president acting president term article operative holding office president acting president remainder term section article inoperative ratified amendment constitution legislatures fourths states date submission states congress section district constituting seat government united states appoint manner congress direct number electors president vice president equal number senators representatives congress district entitled event populous addition appointed states considered purposes election president vice president electors appointed meet district perform duties provided twelfth article amendment section congress power enforce aritcle legislation
suppose brother wanted fly youngster wants till school ambition took definite form read deal subject reverently studied otto lilienthal tables figures greatest aeronautical engineer europe scientific calculations based actual tests show sustaining powers planes spare weeks suppose going loaf put vacations building flying gliders don believe dared think gliders aloud north carolina kitty hawk hills plenty scoff building glider fun despite fact put accurately watchmaker assembles adjusts finest timepiece knew lilienthal tables chanute verified disappointment glider success expected didn behave figures constructed vouched wrong looked silently machine mass figures compiled lilienthal proved slipped couldn find error packed home agreed built glider according scientific specifications coming discouraged begun wrote chanute engineer chicago
think going happen jorkens asked club happen jorkens hard say days rough idea countries wanted ability asked spoken inventions jorkens carry satchel bomb powerful battleships airplane carry bomb hidden potting shed row arborvitae hard find country give ship tropics jorkens told put port tired looking tropical sea ashore walked tavern decent wines country turned care drink black mustache look eyes wonder interesting tell asked offer glass wine polite parts careful offer accept called bottle queer local wine bottle uncorked wine poured liquid tropical sunlight watched black mustache amount began talk
days empire tiny ship home hundred light parent vessel searching loosely packed stars rim milky escape shadow lay civilization beneath shadow pausing wonder distant homes faring scientists galactic survey labored ending task ship held occupants carried knowledge sciences experience half lifetime space interstellar night star ahead warming spirits dropped fires golden trifle brilliant sun legend childhood knew past experience chance locating planets percent moment forgot excitement discovery found planet minutes coming rest giant familiar type cold protoplasmic possessing stable surface turned search sunward presently rewarded hearts ache home hauntingly familiar land masses floated blue green seas capped ice pole desert regions larger part planet obviously fertile distance signs vegetation unmistakably clear gazed hungrily expanding landscape fell atmosphere heading noon subtropics ship plummeted cloudless skies river checked fall surge soundless power rest grasses water edge
journalist frank kent ago wrote book called game politics student heard expression playing politics political activity game played set rules rules standards human behavior rules baseball standards behavior baseball game rules control direct behavior baseball players game rules organized baseball played umpires interpret enforce rules dispute conflict arises umpire decision settle issue umpires part governmental structure organized baseball head government commissioner occupies position created ago save organized baseball chaotic conditions threatening game survival government organized baseball includes group power revise rules game conditions desirable rules likewise control direct american political behavior rules political behavior set constitution united states constitutions fifty states laws passed congress legislatures american government national government local governments makes revises rules serves umpire enforce rules settle disputes rules control political behavior united states written law codes constitution names things congress president prohibits government officials engaging types political behavior laws elections held conducted americans eligible vote pay taxes americans guided political behavior unwritten rules customs
political scientists curious political behavior want describe political behavior explain humans behave politically predict political behavior likely emerge situations asking questions primary step search knowledge political behavior political science involves process asking questions political behavior main types questions political science descriptive explanatory predictive prescriptive descriptive question happens voted hubert humphrey presidential election types voted hubert humphrey relationship racial identity political party preference president nixon policy ending vietnam war explanatory question happens types vote hubert humphrey presidential election black tend prefer democratic party president nixon prefer policy ending vietnam war predictive question happen candidate win presidential election present congress pass legislation liberal passed previous congress united nations able settle middle east conflict prescriptive question happen reach objective policies republican party leaders follow order attract votes manual laborers public policy mayor order attract industries city steps governor government function efficiently political scientist questions asks questions direct attention things things direct attention fruitfully questions clearly stated unbiased significant clearly stated question means thing focuses attention political scientist directly answer question
political scientists want describe explain political attitudes behavior large groups study united states fifty states city costly money effort worthwhile careful sampling accurate conclusions large group basis study small group sampling involves selection small number larger group able accurate conclusions large group basis studying small sample large group sample selected randomly random selection sample means individual larger group chance getting sample individual assume wish select randomly sample students population twelfth graders high school put names students box mix contents select names individual population students chance selected sample students student studying political attitudes randomly selected sample individuals enables generalization political attitudes total group individuals sample drawn suppose wanted test hypotheses sense political efficacy boys girls school administered political efficacy questionnaire page random sample students school generalizations data sample group apply larger group students school
individuals exactly personality individuals behave politically exactly personality political behavior differences result differences political socialization exist society political culture society learned exactly individual personality characteristics behavior distinguish individual individual reacting environment individuals exactly personality individuals exactly physical cultural heritage exactly personal experiences relationship personality socialization culture shown james robert identical twins means physical inheritance inborn capabilities look exactly alike short birth parents died james adopted doctor live big city robert adopted poor farmer lived isolated mountainous region james completed college high school teacher robert dropped school completing eighth grade farm laborer james likes read books attend plays play classical music piano robert seldom reads books likes play folk music guitar radio listens popular country music jim robert behave differently experiences jim robert identical twins learned behave differently grew cultural environments socialized ways personality individual political behavior differ physical biological heritage identical twins possess physical inheritance limited mental ability inherited parents individuals able learn political roles amount teaching fit mentally slow person role supreme court judge
descriptions illustrate relationships socioeconomic status socialization personality political behavior styles fred miller grew comfortable home father successful lawyer high income parents belonged leading social civic organizations school fred capable student respected athlete doubted important member school community learned citizen duty participate politics reading listening discussing forming expressing opinions voting seeing parents participate political activities helped convince importance duties college fred encouraged studies teachers friends succeed important responsible citizen learned deal effectively fred confident goals achieved political participation graduating college fred business combination wise business deals hard fred owner large profitable restaurant chain business fred bought row apartment houses dilapidated section city fred leader local organization republican party run public office fred supports candidates election money considerable influence community support candidates elected return substantial support election campaign fred miller expects candidates favors fred successful getting candidates elected getting policies adopted favors known clout influence local government fred miller clout business interests help friends
preceding lesson clear difficult decide loyal disloyal loyal difficult find person lacks loyalty person accused disloyalty generally mean loyalty loyalties accuser let look types loyalties type loyalty feeling attachment family friends american society families relatives expected aid times trouble expect defend families friends unfair accusations young person told lies friend sense considered disloyal friendship groups belong command loyalty students loyal school cheer team opponents school clubs church groups civic organizations company political parties groups share loyalty person maintains loyalty groups goals beliefs similar attachment interest belong organizations type loyalty strong belief attitudes ideas periods religious persecution christians jews willing die beliefs renounce disloyal fiercely loyal idea private enterprise similarly attached idea socialism sense national loyalty feeling attachment nation acquired early socialization process reciting pledge allegiance singing national anthem ways children learn national loyalty
provocative issues appealing candidates social upheavals situational factors influence voting behavior extent presidential elections provide examples influence situation voting depression severe social upheaval influenced political party identification voting prior depression republican party dominated american political scene identified republican party democratic party depression minds republican policies democrats majority party election majority black voters supported democrats manual workers supported democrats businessmen college educated supported republicans deviations voting patterns occurred apppeal issues candidates persistence voting tendencies related political party identity impressive political scientists believe severe social conflicts related race relations vietnam war radical student protest creating extensive political party identification voting political scientists point number voters supported george wallace presidential election traditional areas democratic party strength manual workers young adults addition republican candidates gaining increased support groups black supported democrats strongly past generations presidential congressional elections major realignment party preferences candidate choices taking place american voters presidential elections provide examples influence issues candidates voting choices independents weak party identifiers strong party identifiers presidential elections typical democratic voters supported democrats congress showing switch republican presidential candidate based personal appeal eisenhower appeal republican party
suppose asked describe professional football person knew game help begin describing key plays championship game listing favorite players expected appreciate players skills knows rules influence play need explain players side purpose game tries team advance football ten yards number points allowed touchdown safety field goal extra point important penalties violations rules define terms punt forward pass huddle lateral block tackle short full appreciation coach defensive strategy quarterback passing skill begins knowledge fundamental rules game true government full appreciation strategy change important government policy president performs job depends knowledge fundamental rules american politics government rules procedures playing football simple easy understand rules procedures conduct government complex single course study basic rules procedures american politics government understanding basic rules help understand american political system study units learn specific rules procedures influence political behavior president members congress political leaders general features american political system understand examining parts
americans opportunity meet presidential candidates voters draw conclusions qualities presidential candidates chiefly newspapers radio television media basis read hear americans draw conclusions character personality traits presidential candidates americans entirely open minded drawing conclusions candidates political party loyalty nationality racial identity region country influence impressions tend hear want hear strong republicans vote republican candidates eager find qualities prefer republican candidate democratic candidate conclude republican candidate strong democrats reverse process takes place presidential candidates americans expect find qualities presidents candidates try conduct campaigns hopefully convince public possess desired traits americans want president strong humble leader candidates president give impression strong humble presidential candidate memory announced publicly pay price president behave announcement raise questions candidate humility candidate seeks give impression willing serve called american works feversihly call beginning appreciate complex tasks compaign manager presidential candidate americans expect find qualities political leaders
july president lyndon johnson signed civil rights act exactly president john kennedy urged congress pass strong civil rights law july july occurred influence passage civil rights legislation events leading passage strongest civil rights law century provide opportunity observe legislative role played civil rights issue lawmakers bill dealing civil rights introduced congress failed executive action result supreme court decisions civil rights ethnic minorities especially black increasingly recognized efforts pass laws racial discrimination failed civil rights bills finally passed weakened compromise failed achieve purpose apparently president kennedy intended civil rights major part legislative program issue mentioned union message concerned getting bills passed including important tax reduction plan foreseen important issues surrounding civil rights americans storm black protest sweeping southern part united states freedom rides sit ins boycotts freedom marches picketing focusing attention nation complaints black demands legal centennial lincoln emanicipation proclamation hundred passed lincoln proclaimed famous freedom edict negroes united states especially south feel free pointed segregation system public facilities equal terms whites
congressman decisions reports read meetings attend requests honor decisions part playing congressional role opportunities congressman contribute policy making speeches help influence public opinion lend support opposition public policies committee help shape future legislation clearly acts official decision maker votes aye nay bill brought vote floor senate house representatives lesson focus primarily factors senator representative vote bill congressman mind vote bill factors limit choices factors produce decision political scientist analyze exactly factors congressman decision congressman fully aware forces influence identify categories social factors influence decision makers degree influence varying situation social factors rules status relationships public opinion social situation social factors interact personal beliefs congressman produce decision section examined rules influence legislative role played formal informal rules undoubtedly influence final decisions congressman rules reviewed additional rules influential congressmen opportunity decide favor civil rights aid education health citizens abstract ideas decide stand issues specific bill reached floor house senate requires decision
heading judicial branch federal government supreme court united states composed chief justice associate justices constitution established supreme court gave congress power set inferior lower courts supreme court chiefly appellate court means seldom begins case conducts trial reviews cases tried lower court lower federal court court focusing supreme court important gain understanding entire system courts united states understand role supreme court justices courts united states divided general categories trial courts appellate courts trial courts generally serve counties known names county district circuit superior courts part trial court system municipal courts handle violations city ordinances federal trial court known federal district court handles cases involving federal law federal district court settle disputes citizens states amount involved st louis brings suit federal district court eastern missouri asking damages injury auto accident cairo illinois trial courts implies conduct trials cases tried court criminal civil cases criminal case government officials acting society accuse committing harmful act crime society court judge judge jury hear accusation listen examine evidence decide prosecution proved commission crime reasonable doubt
commercial television play major part leisure activities americans adults children television brought movie theater sports arena schoolroom home television news broadcasts functions newspaper providing information political issues policy decisions adults regularly read newspaper television newscasts watch closely glimpses major news events viewer sees vividly portrayed impress television news broadcasts influence opinions political issues produce present important unofficial political specialists unlike newspaper editorialists seldom actively seek persuade change opinions definite position issue influence television news shows subtle kinds pictures event newscaster describes explains influence opinions event related significant political issue pollution opinions issue influenced critics television programming charge newscasters realize influential responsibility seriously critics say television news programs increase awareness feelings events increasing understanding events television industry explain hapens arguments television primarily entertainment medium watch television relax amused educated network executives major decisions news programs aware public attitude television network executives evaluate news programs comedy show laugh western series bonanza
previous cases nader gatch experts acting government policy experts asked special groups give opinions policy issues concern special interests role expert situation claims interest group valid associating knowledge prestige naturally interest group members try find expert strong technical scientific knowledge field shares political attitudes represents expert political attitudes influence interpretation facts seen comparing attitudes top nuclear scientists american defense policy united states faced real dilemma defense policy spend millions dollars develop install biggest missile system rely trying negotiate nuclear test ban treaty countries hope superiority missiles matched testing assumed country match nuclear power united states debate raged side issue produced set experts support position eminent nuclear physicists dr edward teller dr hans bethe typical experts entered debate helped develop hydrogen bomb held opposite opinions issue argument centered question establishing inspection systems nuclear testing bethe believed reliable system developed proposed detailed plan included inspection stations equipped sensitive technical instruments detecting violations teller believed nation find ways cheat system
naturally organizations nominate candidates public office play important part win lose election impact public policy interested party leaders political issues influence major policy questions strong chief reason party leaders exercise strong direct influence public policy put considerations issues important risk losing election party leaders develop intense loyalty party surest ways lose respect leaders party fail support candidate stand issue governor rockefeller failure strongly endorse barry goldwater cost nelson rockefeller presidential nomination later party leaders quickly forget place preferences beliefs welfare party important differences party leaders party current issues party interest group national rifle association representatives agree closely policy working democratic party found badly split leaders supported johnson administration war effort vietnam leaders party leaders agree issue position put pressure elected officials party organization strong elections periods elections skeleton organization remains government officials deal issues twelve months extremely difficult party leaders maintain kind steady influence party point view wise emphasize issues anyway specific terms
guessed agent simply trying choose tube toothpaste started easy task turned nightmare course agony buy toothpaste choices agent similar faced millions americans agent american consumer consumer buys service buy things services consumers million today spend hundreds billions dollars satisfy needs wants businesses spend millions dollars find american consumer buy result hundreds goods services offered clearly advantages living consumer economy problems agent find hard choices kind product want buy confused advertising buy easy credit find easy pay cases cheating don problem trying cheat majority business honest tell truth products sell trick making wrong choices paying afford deal problems laws help talk laws known consumer law
consumer law cases begin dispute buyer seller civil law cases believe criminal law violated case criminal court suppose johnsons order expensive television error store delivers expensive johnsons refuse pay store records show tv delivered dispute end court civil case suppose store deliberately switched tv sets trying obtain money fraud case crime involved consumer laws recent century strong movement consumer protection consumer laws dealt problem false advertising interestingly business consumer pushed laws false advertising honest business felt losing dishonest suppose companies sewing machines quality company advertised honestly machine sew laces light animal skins company falsely claimed machine sew finest lace thickest hide choose dishonest company machine help fight kind unfair competition advertising magazine called printer ink suggested model law law untrue misleading advertising guilty misdemeanor false advertising crime civil offense states later adopted form law district attorneys found took lot try prove false advertising law effective start federal government created federal trade commission ftc
advertising today million dollar industry find ads highway billboards newspapers magazines paperback books smoke sky course hear radio television advertising source information consumers product service judge qualities things plan buy obviously buy wisely claims ads false misleading business honest believe advertising honest recent deal criticism advertising consumer groups government business find ads false claims suspicious today law advertisers false misleading claims federal trade commission sets rules advertising acts watchdog easy job disagree misleading unfair main job advertising course influence buyers choices products services brands product alike sellers persuade buyers choose brand kind influence ads find buyers choices known market research businesses spend millions dollars study american buyer questions try answer buy product service need reasons buy show buy friends influenced packaging demand product service demand created
borrow money bank finance company pay monthly installments pay borrowed interest added soon loan actually costs interest suppose bank loan percent interest interest charge percent pay paid lump end total credit rate percent banks require start paying weeks pay loan end suppose start paying month full month payment divided means payment end left average half money borrowed actual percentage rate percent fact percent truth lending law banks finance companies tell basic interest rate case percent tell true annual percentage rate case percent found loan costs department stores airlines bank charge cards businesses offer called revolving credit customer revolving charge account charge total total known credit limit
settle consumer complaint decide legal action hiring lawyer filing lawsuit expensive fact cost lot money hope complaints states inexpensive consumers legal action special court known small claims court file suit small claims court owes money limits amount money won small claims court california limit mexico ohio small claims court advantages run simple lines difficult legal terms states represented lawyer wish states michigan oregon idaho lawyers permitted filing suit inexpensive court costs run dollars file suit small claims court older younger adult file suit states older suppose case want heard small claims court sold ten speed bicycle roy friend neighbor roy agreed pay weeks bike left parked front library stole refuses pay filed suit paid small filing fee roy served order court date set witness roy bought bike witness testify court roy agreed pay bike
contract agreement involves money goods services examples contracts everyday simple don involve lot money minds contract broken friend offers swap record album agree later friend calls says changed mind maybe re bit annoyed shrug shoulders don think calling lawyer simple contracts backed law party insist contract offer neighbor cb radio accepts offer give home rest money return says wants sell cb pay contract neighbor protects agreed sell cb change mind legal action promises form contracts stories promise promises contract tell larry excited re moving west coast tells friend jerry lot stuff give record collection accept jerry says happily sorry larry leaving lps collection larry adds think saturday help pack pick records sure thing jerry answers thanks larry larry excited re moving west coast tells friend jerry
suppose parties breaks contract legal excuse happens party breach slight party wise ignore suppose joan arranges buy necklace mary joan promises pay thursday evening hand money friday morning delay big problems mary gain taking action breach suppose mary needed money urgent purpose friday late case injured party court happens breach contract court court decide contract fact broken legal excuse determine injured party lost result order party loss injured party ask loss ways paying money carrying contract money payment cover loss known recovery damages injured party suffered damage money amount money paid depend amount damage mrs diaz owns bookstore customer wants buy sets encyclopedias orders publisher pays set company fails deliver sets mrs diaz sue damages ask win covers paid profit sets cases money injury suing party
real estate office obviously lot business students byron school colors walls pictures football basketball teams girls felt home let logical singleton real estate agent live showed large map city byron lynn ann pointed area interested singleton began flip large book rental listings bedroom rents month looks nice place girls looked disappointment money lynn cheaper let singleton studio apartment big landlord home rents month perfect lynn happily ann nodded agreement uh singleton added says students lynn asked find singleton picked phone spoke landlord ann wondered legal landlord bar students singleton hung lynn asked leery singleton rented students practically wrecked place loud parties trash piled broken furniture guy crazy kind agree interview place lynn ann nervous walked steps lee house worse going job ann whispered lynn dressed carefully looked neat clean washed car occasion interview lee saw girls students rented
sign lease rental agreement obligations created landlord stated terms lease agreement obligations exist stated tenant important responsibilities pay rent cases rent due advance suppose ann lynn decide sign lease pay month rent moved apartment month rent due beginning month responsibility tenant care rental property carve initials kitchen counters let sinks overflow floors damage property permission pet let scratch curtains walls stain rugs terms rentals bar hanging pictures walls nail holes tape marks lease rental agreement makes clear responsible keeping property clean making repairs landlord agrees responsible major repairs looking areas tenants stairways walkways tenant responsible making minor repairs taking care property directly control tenant rental property reason rented words apartment rented home turn dance studio landlord permission rental property landlord approval improvements
howie carries threat file known tort action legal term tort comes french word meaning wrong applies cases person believes wronged harmed person plaintiff sues defendant recover damages sum money harm kinds torts involve kinds damages howie case damages bodily injury turners car simply smashed bike damages property cases plaintiffs ask payment mental emotional damage damage reputation harm caused purpose extremely careless act plaintiff ask punitive damages money paid punishment kinds torts divided main groups let look case tommy bicycle suppose bike smashed tommy unhurt suppose dan angry tommy ran bicycle sudden impulse intentional tort let say didn happen driving seat suddenly shifted causing dan hands jerk steering wheel damage bicycle unintentional call accident torts civil law lead civil criminal actions suppose dan turner fit murderous rage aimed car tommy howie file tort action recover damages tommy injury attempted homicide crime file criminal charges
fernando completed drivers education class school gotten driver license wanted car didn money saved summer carpenter apprentice nearly naturally thrilled found ten pick truck fernando bought car registered department motor vehicles took home check previous owner told brakes needed replaced car shape fernando called couple insurance companies find insurance rates found high didn nearly money fernando disappointed knew shouldn drive insurance chance show car friends decided drive afternoon drove slowly friend jeff house wanda jeff girlfriend wanted ride fernando car told car needed brakes friends wanted short ride anyway crowded front pick truck opened wanda asked fernando answered don want brakes fixed jeff urged anyway fernando hesitated looked street traffic decided moment car accelerated dream fantastic jeff yelled fernando saw stop sign end street stepped brakes happened put handbrake wanda shouted fernando pulled handbrake pick reached intersection late car coming left loud crash fernando plowed side station wagon
cases talked defendants liable damages found negligent cases involve called strict liability cases person bringing suit need prove negligence intention win damages strict liability apply let look cases involving pets susan dog big friendly favorite neighborhood kids susan yard lived busy street visitor left front gate open dog susan wasn alarmed noticed gotten ran street home later susan heard yelling street ran matter woman holding seat pants shouting susan dog bitten susan shocked bitten sure bite neighbor kids giggle saw anna lived area crime rate high bought doberman protect property worked dog trained afternoon friend show anna blouse look friend pulled blouse quick flourish dog growled jumped arm bitten anna pull friend wasn seriously hurt didn action anna warned friends sudden moves dog evening anna home failed latch gate dog
past wives depended husbands support couple divorced wife awarded alimony support payments husband today women willing eager support payments readily instances husband wife gains alimony deciding allow support payments award judge things account include length marriage age health ability partner seeking support pre school children care ability partner pay states divorce based fault question fault account support payments awarded set period support payments stop partner remarries lives husband wife suppose divorcing couple children partner wants custody past young children mothers mother proved unfit want custody courts assumed mothers natural tendency give care children fathers today idea challenged recent fathers won custody children divorce cases father custody wife pay small amount child support mother gains custody husband certainly ordered child support payments amount child support payments parent asked depends child needs parent ability pay
parents provide adequate support children parents provide proper care parents meet legal obligations steps course business going door door checking families children properly cared number ways find family receives public aid social worker close touch family doings instances relatives friends neighbors school officials report child lacking proper care parents capable providing support children eligible type public assistance able receive food stamps rent subsidies welfare payments parents capable providing support fail court order change ways fail face contempt court charges jail sentences course sending parents jail resort jailed parents certainly provide children court aim children needs met parents provide proper care child declared neglected neglected child proper food clothing shelter child adequate medical attention parents provided healthy moral environment investigate situation feels child remain parents guardianship declare child dependent child places child guardianship exactly mean child live child allowed remain parents home trial period
legal responsibility children attend school seen parents responsibility send children school children responsibility students behave properly school school hours school personnel considered stand place parents means legal responsibilities parents transferred teachers children school teachers control supervise students includes setting reasonable rules student conduct general teachers school administrators reasonable methods rules met school rules set local level rules differ community communities teachers discipline students keeping school taking privileges reasonable physical punishment extreme cases school suspend expel student young break rules parents teachers action seeking help courts young person fail seriously meeting responsibilities continual criminal misbehavior occasionally playing hooky continually stay school truant case parents school legal steps young person brought juvenile court court agrees misbehavior declare juvenile delinquent authorities prefer allow delinquent remain home community conditions normal young person probation means officer court regularly check getting
kwakiutl indians lived narrow strip land rocky mountains pacific ocean puget sound north alaska accompanying map ways serve traditional society society past customs greatly influence decisions present kwakiutl society traditional societies wealthy plenty fish including salmon rivers ocean provided food numerous animals lived forest source food materials everyday cedar trees lumber fashion ocean going canoes totem poles houses storage boxes kwakiutl felt need farm rich natural resources kwakiutl developed strong system private ownership property family groups owned hunting territories fishing areas groups owned physical items totem poles decorated spoons things signs social status group large automobile sign status american families today kwakiutl physical property names titles privileges family rights group noble titles pass title family member pass greatness ancestors held title titles passed fathers eldest sons elaborate potlatch ceremonies getting title eldest son show worth distributing quantities wealth prepare potlatch ceremony women family mats cedar bark blankets canoes shell money etched sheets cooper valued according amount paid changed hands
societies face problem scarcity decide goods services produce produce produce reading presents guide ways kinds economic systems seek answer questions mind types systems discussed reading existed pure form real abstract models designed analytical tools describe economic systems exist existed past pure forms economic systems existed study systems developed understand general group alike grouping helps increase understanding systems mind economic system differs group reading describes types economic systems read questions mind major characteristics traditional economic system command system market system think economic systems points continuous range spectrum systems view simply ways organize economic activity history developed ways organizing society decide produce goods services values backgrounds geography produced wide variety economies variety general types categories economic systems identified traditional command market oldest systems traditional economy kwakiutl indians traditional economic system systems answer questions largely according past stress ways ways progress
types economic systems traditional market command decide produce goods services wheat automobiles shoes steel mills serve examples goods medical care education janitorial help services produce goods services economy natural capital human resources natural resources implies provided nature include materials coal iron ore water trees capital resources goods goods provide services examples capital resources steel mills saws dentist drills trucks human resources consist play part producing goods services ditch diggers senators farmers college professors human resources traditional economic systems exist amid plentiful natural resources prior industrial revolution england nation mineral resources lay untapped scientific technological discoveries introduced england traditional economy began shift free market system likewise communist revolution soviet union vast natural resources nation remained undeveloped due lack sufficient capital resources trained human resources natural resources capital human resources develop hand natural resource society considers useless real purpose put society skills knowledge snow living urban industrial areas trained mechanical skills view snow winter inconvenience source recreation living remote arctic climates learned snow building shelters cooking
happen moved large stocks raw materials supply fine machinery tools remote village andes mountains south america natural capital resources economic development present wanting knowing free progress place despite technological scientific advances failed recognize role human resources play economic progress economists politicians talked progress stressed material human resources needed high standards living war ii united states soviet union turned attention underdeveloped thirds asked natural wealth country resources needed develop raw materials exported mills factories realized improved human resources needed help underdeveloped countries progress consider village andes human resources need material resources effectively need educated manpower need separate resource combine resources effectively fertilizer soil today resources produce resources tomorrow tools fashion tools learned part formal education learn job training experience andean village educated person semi literate process educating manpower painfully slow villagers read quickly learn starting scratch longer develop need adequate supply manpower society accomplish variety skills
career senior class washington high school guest speaker assembly comes local service organization talk sprinkled phrases doorway opportunity substitute sweat tears textbooks float past students daydreaming career choices ronald wants graduation grades career choice likely moment worried current tightness job market academic course school marketable skill grocery clerk appeal lately thinking enlisting army recruiting sergeant stressed sorts advantages guaranteed skill training pay thirty paid vacations travel hears likes idea war george wonders worth finishing high school grades low family takes interest schoolwork heard guidance counselor quote statistics showing high school graduates average money working lives dropouts knows job gas station home money study things say bernadette wonders going study high school practical months fiance returning home service wedding date set spend money school going labor market short hand notices mother friends gotten jobs children begun grow
graduating class school prepared discuss future thoughtful dignified filed classroom think final examination approaching diploma presented traditional ceremony senior prom volodya sokolov intend aviation institute department engines fail entrance exams job factory assemble engines space age country needs designers high power engines child liked working machines physics math marks excellent mind lyuba volkova sighed wish sure kid dream stage screen decided journalist technology attract write lena khokhlova lyuba sure career choose don re interested study technology selling garmentmaking fault galya medvedeva asked indignantly thought knew grade wanted kindergarten teacher love children cousins younger play answer questions worked grade pupils young pioneer leader children alyosha seliverstov choice wants actor alyosha member school drama circle youngster helped drama studio young pioneer club rubbish sasha ozimkov cooling friend enthusiasm understand girl wanting kind thing boy re supposed strong sex job technology instance
citizen goods services produced monopolies goods services electric power natural gas water telephone telegraph service local trasportation economists call industries natural monopolies public group sets prices bring goods services consumer cheaper monopoly competitors think industries works benefit economists call economies scale term means limits electric company produce power cheaply large plant small electric power large city generating plant companies divide electric power business city electricity cost produce companies lose economies scale generalization applies water companies distributing products natural monopolies presents difficult problems competitive economy suppose city decided permit competing companies supply water homes busnesses water company build water lines city street expense duplicate facilities nuisance drivers enormous addition workmen dig ditches house water lines order disconnect connect customer decided shift business local transportation cities bus company transportation city parts city permitted competition buses owned firm travel streets condition expenses fare rise bus passengers company charge ride addition streets crowed buses finally problem transferring line trouble severely competitive situation
term oligopoly applies industry firms dominate market oligopolies exist major industries united states general electric westinghouse sylvania electric control percent market electric light bulbs chrysler ford general motors percent country cars republic steel bethlehem steel united states steel account percent steel ingot production cigarettes typewriters household laundry equipment top firms control close percent market soap detergents tires household refrigeration tin production top firms share nearly percent industry entire output companies producing aluminum alcoa reynolds kaiser control percent market oligopolies exist local markets buyer choose local suppliers building blocks cement generalization holds true building supplies hundreds producers building materials country firms dominate market area oligopoly exists local level transportation costs high consumer finds difficult shop economies scale encourage growth oligopolies firms find large scale production costs production steel ingots weighing tons requires huge furnaces heat metal heavy machines shape ingots large buildings house equipment addition steel manufacturers need specially built vehicles maneuver heavy cumbersome products combining operations steel company produce finished item reasonable price company invest millions dollars capital goods produce ingots mills run night cut costs large number mills divided business produce smaller number units
level government played part economy united states citizens demanded government help thought needed petitioned legislators lobbied measures tried elect sympathetic officials process modified free market adam smith wealth nations government attempts modify market passed stages stage lasted period local governments played important role economy local governments passed regulations issued licenses tavern owners ferry operators banks stagecoach lines established standards productions goods tobacco tar lumber stone coals foods regulations modified free market worked requiring licenses limited freedom entry business local governments extracted money taxpayers redistributed citizens states gave subsidies canal companies railroads persuade build areas benefit citizens states gave cash awards raised taxes encourage industries fishing growing hemp plant fiber making rope coarse fabrics national government took steps modify economy early period passed tariffs foreign goods giving native businesses advantage taxes grants public lands encourage railroad companies build lines activities local national levels modified pure competition extent stage government relationships economy lasted war period leadership passed local governments federal government governments tried regulate railroads industries
difference owning developing natural resource complicates problem understanding return factor production suppose cattle rancher owns square miles ranchland deed mineral rights property including rights oil gas deposits beneath land return owner natural resource consists payments form raw material crude oil found underneath property economic question society faces society pay persuade person allow extraction oil land getting oil land involves drilling drilling costs foot typical runs feet deep typical costs drill course driller faces risk finding oil oil gas deposits exist owners land seldom skill resources drill lease oil gas rights company company pays drill makes additional payments barrel oil cubic foot gas extracts payments fees drilling rights unit payments gas oil represent returns owners natural resources owner land drilling oil gas takes place surface land purpose farming grazing lumbering attempts extract natural resources land surface unfit open pit mining coal known strip mining miners remove top layers earth hugh machines machines dig coal
freely competitive society market labor operates market product law supply demand sets price labor labor market buyers labor employers bargin sellers labor workers agree price wages salary large number workers bids job employers set low wage hand buyer seeks workers wages wages differ occupation labor markets demand special abilities exceptional play professional sports movie stars sing opera positions nuclear physicists doctors require costly training compete market jobs require minimum training skill reason pay low wages wage differences grow differences abilities training workers reading describes factors affect wage salary rates reading observations adam smith nearly smith ideas hold true today occupations set conditions wages high job low read question mind conditions listed adam smith affect wage rates conditions account low pay jobs higher pay wages vary ease hardship cleanliness dirtiness job places tailor earn weaver easier reason weaver earns blacksmith easier weaver job cleaner blacksmith blacksmith seldom earns hours coal miner
unions methods influence supply demand labor market reduce supply labor number ways require apprenticeships job learned short period charge high initiation fees discourage workers joining unions person belong union trade practices reduce supply unions able refuse admit members prevented non union workers getting jobs industry finally unions past pressed laws restricting immigration reducing supply workers unions bargain standard wage rates free market job wages skills unions bargain collectively win wage scale holds job employer hire number needs wage extra workers drop labor market replace workers offering lower wage unions increase demand product members demand product goes company makes wages unions help companies advertise product adopt ways reduce prices increasing productivity pressure government raise tariffs foreign competitors native manufacturers larger market unions try government pay higher rates public contracts fourth union raise wages acting powerful counterforce firm dominates labor market town company employs large share labor force wage rates affect wages paid stores gasoline stations small employers
reign stalin approach economic issues influenced drive industrialization domestic development protection stalin saw hostile power industrialize soviet union rapidly resources permit emphasis electric power petroleum iron steel production heavy machinery weapons took priority improving current standard living pushing economic growth stalin carrot stick rewarded helped achieve targets heavy industry growth punished lagged sought goals increase consumer goods stalin power command build base strong industrial future stalin viewed regime success power economy produced million metric tons steel died production risen million metric tons production electricity rose billion kilowatt hours billion kilowatt hours period stalin emphasis armaments practical science laid foundation soviet union dramatic achievements late space development weapons cost stalin policies proved high consumer soviet union improved regime citizens lived constant fear government area economy agriculture chaos existed stalin stalin death nikita krushchev emerged leader soviet union premier wasted attacking stalin policies cult stalin personality caused faulty principles party economic planning told twentieth congress communist party soviet union february
soviet leaders enjoyed considerable success industrialization country continue fail solving agricultural problem significantly agricultural sector economic system presents major barrier realization soviet union social political economic goals nearly percent labor force engaged farming compared percent united states growth soviet agricultural products lags industry farms supply population food factors account shortcoming climate presents handicaps soviet breadbasket region lies north latitude diluth minnesota main staple crops corn wheat grow growing season short making farming high risk business low rainfall plagues soviet farmer small area region soviet farmer inches rain annually counterpart united states enjoys inches rain wheat belt inches corn belt finally severe soviet winters upset cautious predictions gosplan soviet farmers harvested record breaking million metric tons grain expecting output continue level soviet leaders planned expand food production saw drop million metric tons harvest continued give confidence winter brought extreme cold snow cover protect winter wheat crop result harvest million metric tons feed population million attempts regime control agriculture create major obstacle success planners applied type rigid controls agriculture industry industry controls met success agriculture failed
economic system lick problem scarcity scarcity exists poorest countries wealthiest nations face problem scarce resources humankind tendency demand goods services outruns capacity produce future scarcity force societies additional choices resources economic systems continue age game allocating scarce resources unlimited ends desires economies face common concern rapidly rising population ability eliminate poverty attain goal face possibility overcrowded earth rapid rise population cancel benefits technological breakthroughs economic growth increasing population additional drain scarce resources continued rapid rise population compound economic problems scarcity humankind control population growth drop living standards inevitable economies continue grow future past ecologists warn economic growth combined population explosion pushed resources limit supplies natural resources exhausted decades humankind soon billion acres farmland crops decades face severe resource crisis rapid growth technology begun produce pollution crisis wastes factories cities homes vehicles pollute air water resources economies continue grow devoting billions dollars annually pollution control situation worsen rapidly case quality drop gnp rises economic system remain unchanged future economy interested progress reshape economic institutions response needs opportunities
examples model rearranged show happen topic sentence middle end paragraph mere prospect performance operas set running bills amounting ten times amount prospective royalties income reduce scrupulous laundry servants money pocket pay rent walls ceiling study lined pink silk money lay hands spent indian rajah certainly knew money owed greatest benefactor gave pay pressing debts city later gave enable live city thrown jail debt mere prospect performance operas set running bills amounting ten times amount prospective royalties income reduce scrupulous laundry servants money pocket pay rent walls ceiling study lined pink silk certainly knew money owed greatest benefactor gave pay pressing debts city later gave enable live city thrown jail debt money lay hands spent indian rajah
criminal justice system system relate think answer questions trouble crime criminal justice violence strife peopled hardened criminals tough cops smart lawyers wise judges easy view watching television movies portray system view feel criminal justice relation plans tough cop smart lawyer wise judge hardened criminal tv movies aim entertain distort happens tie stories neat hour packages show stereotypes emphasize action violence book main purposes show system works show system fits surprised ways system touches average law abiding citizen course citizens called jury duty minor system affect arises crime fear crime direct victims crime lives affected crime stay late night fear crime streets stop going places enjoyed pay higher prices products shoplifting pay higher taxes raise public funds fight crime book makes clear victims crime system affect choice career law police known careers criminal justice system
laurie dorman door holding copy rolling stone hands dark hair fell shoulders white dress hi john pretty john thought hesitated uh mom mad working yellin walk uh gee bad laurie mumbled thinking going ask john asked john father want house think re reliable job laurie voice trailed embarrassed john winced remembered argued mother issue tried don want let laurie parents john coaxed gregory street saw bet looking window caught give re bad liar maybe teach john shot laurie pouted memphis auditorium tonight special deal dollars coupon pointed ad rolling stone laurie prodded money laurie car dad mad mom re going town cut look john won buses car tony called afternoon don laurie john waited try finally
patrol car pulled hotdog stand auditorium officers car talking radio davis car checking ford galaxie blue door sedan agm george mary moment dispatcher car reported stolen evening residence wilbert porter stanley drive officer looked partner hot re auditorium davis veteran force saw partner berman reading berman rookie studying davis asked police academy stress training mean tough stuff boot camp sociology psychology guys studying end chief night patrol car lay davis berman protested read crowd pushers read rights explain re going rehabilitate look davis give hard trained dark ages re wrong berman giving hard think guys bunch soft wait think show letting let car drive meet rule drive stolen car crime won run chance trouble crowd arrest police davis think look john think police car laurie weakly geez red light pull wonder wrong john pulled side stopped car
arguments home argue tv turn wash dishes left water flooded bathroom disputes home neighbors argue dog belonging barks night keeps awake drivers auto accident disagree fault reason laws help settle disputes reason laws protect general welfare laws prevent factories dumping poisons town water supply laws help set safety standards buildings meet fire safety standards laws healthy foods meet standards quality sold law defines behave tells precisely tells expect obey law clearly laws law unjust harmful expected behave expect fewer disagreements arise disagreements conflict arise laws give reach settlement laws give picture values society law fair period harsh period attitudes crime law change constantly late early century britain children punished harshly adults boy hanged burning barns boy hanged killing friend servant girl burned stake killing mistress
dick lambert home speech crowd park asked elect mayor election week stand honest government elect leaders open elections government dishonest threatens rights home dick noticed front door open thought locked door dick drew closer saw door open ax force lock inside dick found belongings papers thrown heard voices basement asked fear police searching house dick asked warrant laughed richard lambert policeman arrest order mayor charge dick asked arrested find later officer answered lambert police station weeks informed charge allowed lawyer questioned hours threatened finally brought trial stated dick spoken government dick tried stir riot prosecutor waved papers honor papers secret read public ask look private richard lambert guilty disrespect government judge accepted papers chambers later returned courtroom announced found dick guilty richard lambert enemy sentence prison hard labor
police officer main jobs officer enforce law officer maintain order jobs pretty law order bacon eggs important differences roles police officer match keeping order puts officer personal disputes citizens family quarrel seldom leads arrest enforcing law involves officer lawbreakers course law breaking involved goal arrest police officers tried play roles equally early history emphasis maintaining order enforcing law took seat police paid professional officers large towns cities forces volunteers protected streets night forces known nightwatch smaller towns farm areas police force catching criminals nightwatch avoid meeting criminals carried rattles noisemakers warn criminals coming patrols shiver shake shivered half night cold shook half fear england country paid police force sir robert peel created force london honor london police called bobbies later full police force set york formed boston american cities small police forces law enforcement police officers hired basis political influence
important suspect lawyer police questioning person frightened confused questioned police station say foolish things foolish things court cases law account human weakness case young confessed setting fire killed questions arose believe confession names suspect officers questioned changed protect case true morning june jimmy tyson arrived denver bus pound foot youth turned left home dallas argument mother upset recently school delinquents setting series small fires bus denver jimmy dollars cash dallas bus tokens knowing jimmy walked night apartment building surrey burned twenty killed fire fire officials suspected arson surrey bus station early morning jimmy tyson awakened bench police officers miles surrey policemen thought jimmy runaway looked officers began ask questions jimmy nervous speech choked wiping sweaty hands pants told officers arrived denver morning jimmy walked bus
suppose re walking minding business police officer stops questions re driving night officer stops behave rights police officers think police mistreated knowing dealing police help feel secure certainly help section designed peer teaching wish peer teach section arrangements teacher ask lawyer class help rights juveniles juveniles handled differently adults justice system rights freedom speech remain silent lawyer present arrested minor bail jury trial mean young fewer rights adults juvenile hearing supposed find guilt supposed young person rights police officers law enforcement officer rights duties duty protect community laws obeyed catch criminals police officer perform duty job addition officer duty serve public included turn duty citizen give reasonable help police officer requests answer police officer questions stops
societies laws societies ways judging punishing break laws method hold trial today ideas trials developed england middle ages deep religious feeling believed god judge accused person thought god help trial innocent kinds trials based belief kind trial called trial ordeal idea god save innocent person miracle person accused crime forced put arm kettle boiling water naturally arm terribly burned burns healed days miracle defendant innocent defendants carried red hot irons bare hands walked hot coals bare feet defendants saved miracles believed god help innocent person battle trial combat accused person prove innocence defend rights battle didn mean accused battle warriors hired fight century europe complaining trial ordeal unfair rules began grow courts began demand proof convicting person demanded witnesses crime testify countries verdict case group nobles merchants believed qualified decide truth case beginning modern jury system today jurors chosen citizens called jury duty say accused person entitled trial peers mean members jury hear evidence public trial
section knowledge courts part mock trial murder facts case follows afternoon november young boarded bus line central streets thomas ward age young movie afternoon home bus crowded young sat seats rear bus witnesses agree happened bus afternoon say argument money young passenger alvin fry witnesses report fry argued members group felt robbed case fight break fry young passengers joined fight bus stop passengers began push exits escape violence panic confusion young involved fight bus thomas ward remained doubled holding side moments later ward friends pulled gun later identified peter brand brand shot fry bus fry dead arrival hospital ward friends left scene police later arrested ward charged murder felony murder law law states person guilty murder directly commit murder happens murder crime committed suppose smith doe decide rob bank smith knows doe carrying gun
defendants believe denied rights believe procedures cases unfair matters called questions law decisions questions law appeals courts section learn apeals courts criminal trial questions fact questions law important jury reaches verdict questions fact settled defendant appeal case questions law defendant feel law applied fairly case constitutional matter publicity defendant argue case received publicity newspaper television radio stories influenced jurors impossible give fair verdict defendent argue deprived fair trial receive trial case defendant raised question law case appeals court court decides questions law kinds appeals courts system appeals courts federal court system federal appeals courts decide questions law involve federal laws constitution defendant loses level appeal higher court higher court decide case case begins trial court appealed appeals courts constitutional point law raised case appealed federal courts supreme court happened miranda escobedo cases
age person adult states juveniles important charged crime juvenile commit crime juvenile court end juvenile court run home skip school lot problems family actually half young juvenile court involved crime juvenile court hearing trial means case discussed front juvenile court judge hearing adult jury trial thing jury judge decides guilty guilty decides goes hearing secret newspapers radio tv police probation officers tell judge wrong problem judge discusses case parents psychologists called advice afterward judge decides happen let warning send reform school prison put probation put probation allowed live home report probation officer tell probation officer spend trouble reform school prison problems system juvenile justice system improved deal recent
young parents put orphanage heart problems afford help trouble reform school education crime learned stealing wrong reform school prison sentence murder armed robbery left prison gave suit clothes days robbed bank hospital robbed places country finally caught armed robbery sentence cost maximum security prison left prison felt totally helpless frightened didn talk lady lady dress fitting society real problem feeling want lost hard sit minutes adjusting society don getting car coming thrill refrigerator drink feeling months small amount compared prisons reform school adjustment period don chances rest thief easy bad struggle money profession illegal thing
danny bright troubled boy series violent acts danny found delinquent juvenile court judge sentenced danny training camp danny told bus station morning station danny bye mother brother boys bus didn danny home scared wondered boys felt looked sure boy front turned hey ride stranger re ya tell danny stiffened lots rides sure boy replied re gonna wish friend boy winked danny wondered meant decided probe drive bus turned gravel road passed gate danny saw red brick buildings surrounded green grass trees looked nice place high chain link fence bus stopped door opened stepped bus ok boys assigned room tests physical danny spent days talked counselor received cottage assignment class schedule detail list rules counselor explained danny rules privileges included going movie month receiving visitors behave lock meant contact boys meant sports visits family danny awoke sound bell
scene shirley industrial school reform school massachusetts delinquent boys age cottage sledgehammers group young inmates hit bars locks walls began breaking building goal knocking walls inmates trying excape starting unique test massachusetts sought run juvenile corrections system test began committee studied reform schools massachusetts committee shocked report young reform schools released ready cope wonder graduate inmates adult prisons committee result report began close reform schools case youngsters month training schools college campus delinquents week spending money assigned college student month students paid small salary responsibility delinquents shoplifting incident campus bookstore eleven youngsters ran college officials agreed delinquents trouble conference adults campus test showed young offenders leave reform schools live incidents result experiments tried program called homeward bound offers rugged month course outdoor survival delinquent boys youths remain homes neighborhood schools recreation programs programs young person fails try youngsters dangerous small maximum security units
knows saw wood pound nails build chair turn piece furniture recognize chair takes bit skill build chair find comfortable attractive knows write sentences write paragraphs indent lines groups sentences recognize paragraphs takes lot skill write paragraphs paragraphs find interesting enjoyable worth reading takes skill write paragraphs skill acquire step gaining skill learning chapter help acquire paragraph show put paragraph provide exercises started rest main reason write paragraphs paragraph paragraph looks course tell paragraphs page article tell reading page article simply look outward signs group sentences begins indention called paragraph makes group sentences paragraph writer group sentences paragraph paragraphs page page writer indent paragraph put indention thinks look attractive
indian dead indian words words similar uttered television type rugged frontier character familiar learn course program character boy parents scalped front eyes indians moment devoted punishing bad indians means indians course program ends shown mistake band obviously indians rescue hands murderous white claim jumpers tribal camp nurse health send safely home sees indians differ white unfortunately learns lesson killed number innocent indian bystanders frontier character permit experiences influence thinking mistaken variety things think policemen bank presidents negroes catholics jews baptists englishmen puerto ricans exactly alike housing developments identical development lived think politicians crooked politicians known heard crooked strict crabby teacher grade notion teachers strict crabby teacher pleasant understanding ago told flat found difficult believe explorers sailed kind mistaken thinking widespread guard trapped
truth falseness statements fact checked general ways suppose tells bon ton selling sweaters today base line feet shorter base line check truth statements fact direct personal observation hop bus directly store report true measure base lines tape true statement chameleons change color according color surroundings chameleon preferably experiment circumstances change color reliable proof disproof direct method basic scientist laboratory inconvenient impossible experiment statements fact chameleons check statements truth refer reports reliable observations place look reports library encyclopedias articles chameleons find book lizards detailed reports indirect method checking truth statement fact indirect method especially checking statements fact past misinformed friend insists pittsburgh pirates won national league pennant observe pennant race discover error machines exist fantasy refer recognized baseball expert community witness race memory show friend sports section latest information almanac reliable source set straight
able figure simple foolproof formula success tried reason course success means things means making deal money means getting important post business politics winning honors sports known society reason helps person gain success help successful hard study natural talent combination luck ability imposible exact ingredients guarantee success ago research scientists human engineering laboratories direction johnson connor spent deal studying question interesting discovery found thing accompanies success large vocabulary mean course person large vocabulary sure win success shows large vocabulary typical successful means knowing exact meanings words important element success understand clearly concerns bit scientists found studies thing discovered vocabulary rule acquired early success business professional won early start enlarging vocabulary encouraging scientists discovered person vocabulary increased conscious effort special talent aptitude language acquire large vocabulary think
heard likely constantly amaze vast extent knowledge subject envied walking encyclopedias wished knew sports history music impressive able answer correctly hesitation questions home runs babe ruth hit season major league team opera star played desdemona presentation othello la scala wanted badly walking encyclopedia subject willing spend effort studying subject memorizing minute details miscellaneous facts considered impressing utmost importance worth spend memorizing minor facts details single subject learn fewer important facts number subjects learn find information need library storehouse information library answers question subject future learning efficient resources library learn find easily quickly answers want chapter help exercises mind purpose chapter give training finding information facts find interesting think worth remembering important thing facts learning find
questions thing answers arguments arise matters champion discus thrower largest river tarantula bite fatal chicago fire actually started mrs leary cow job lou gehrig retiring baseball social studies report need learn students enrolled elementary schools legal voting age states oral report english class find information author theater shakespeare reference section library books find answers questions reference books constant demand library room hardship books intended primarily provide information found quickly read short sorts books found reference section let look find helpful greek words word encyclopedia comes mean rounded education pretty accurate description type reference general encyclopedias important interesting facts places historical events inventions plants animals geography government art subject articles listed alphabetically letters spine volume tell portion alphabet covered articles written experts fields space limited articles include information subject find books devoted subject
english words strange hear context actual phrase sentence absolutely sure intended meaning let look simple mean statement suppose foreigner reading newspaper bus asked knew meaning verb crawl likely answer course means move slowly hands knees baby answer chances confused turned reading blame sentence struggling sidewalk crawling huge black ants crawl means told meant sidewalk sentence truly remarkable story moral important tell sure word means word seen sentence sidewalk answered foreigner question crawl meanings sentence crawling means swarming creeping things word sentence told meaning intended remembering story crawling sidewalk help dictionary efficiently answer questions word meanings dictionary defines thousands words words meaning find definition need bring dictionary sentence word puzzled easily figure meanings fits
dictionary english language famous widely published london earlier attempts list english words meanings scanty unsystematic simply thoroughness deserve title dictionary word today guess experts took compile dictionary think needed read widely published writings english find words meanings include dictionary surprisingly answer question hundreds dr samuel johnson wrote dictionary reading find quotations showing words listed help secretaries copied hand quotations marked reading dr johnson exceptionally able scholar prodigious memory things learned dictionary extraordinary piece dictionary lists words language eighteenth century dictionary english language closer complete coverage words result today dictionaries art dictionary making call lexicography lexicographers developed deal hundred dr johnson today compile dictionary reading knowledge lexicographers studies devoted lives research language today kinds experts fields help dictionary
unknown mathematician addressed american institute electrical engineers charles proteus steinmetz hunchback walked awkward limp spoke halting broken english talked captured complete attention audience steinmetz gave assembled engineers clear explanation mathematical formula build efficient generators unable steinmetz experience unusual speaker interest tell tells clearly listeners attention remain peculiarities appearance speech steinmetz spoke aware awkward appearance found foreign accent hard understand especially explanation clear interesting audience soon gave full attention forgot appearance accent saying valuable lesson learned steinmetz experience concern speaker sure say specific facts ideas offer present facts ideas hold attention listeners chapter help school ahead asked give number talks classes club meetings school activities called announcements tell personal experiences report events explanations give directions describe places
ago professor kahane university illinois woke find surprise headlines finished study learn language written report observed newspaper reporters alert story quickly realized report weeks papers country carried story reporters give complete account professor findings read account shrewdly based stories statements knew average person find interesting startling ordinary mind language expert claims child reaches age learned basic ideas grammar hard imagine reactions statement discussions arguments led arguments news stories explained clearly professor meant mean olds sort grammar study english class kindergarten children parts speech describe sentence explain sentence johnny hit tommy word johnny subject verb hit tommy direct object johnny tommy hit fact understand meaning sentence shows understand basic part english grammar part word order plays communicating meaning professor kahane meant english speaking express ideas thoughts feelings putting words sentences
important part pearl necklace pearls thread cord strung asked question tend blurt pearls naturally costly cord course cord necklace handful pearls necklace pearls need cord words part important try question important sentences italicized words words printed capital letters words capitals subject noun verb naming word telling word unskilled workers hired larry dance problem pearl necklace practically answer thought words capitals important grammatically course subjects verbs sentences words sense convey meaning workers hired larry dance getting ideas sentence convey meaning writer intends meaning convey meaning intended sentences italicized words fact subject nouns predicate verbs italicized words important meaning called modifiers modifiers words modify affect meaning words sentence seldom intended meaning clear modifying words modifiers deserve careful study chapter review single word modifiers adjectives adverbs prepositional phrases groups related words serve modifiers
learn number tricks improving sentences write surprised simple tricks surprised easy turn dull childish sentences interesting adult sounding sentences easy pleasant read want tricks written improvement results readers chapter mind deals simple sentences sentences subject verb combination find simple sentences written communicates ideas clearly shows ideas related extremely effective learned improve written sentences ways explained find spoken sentences tend improve story sea voyage run sentence stop cracks ship oakum oakum sentence real meaning clear mental image sailors stop cracks suppose don oakum sentence understanding writer ways writer helped readers puzzled word oakum added sentence explanation stop cracks ship oakum oakum loose stringy fiber taking ropes
artists draw comic strips faced special problem don space tell stories author page describe characters looked acted situation comic strip artist small panels room words result suggest details tell artist drawings shows tough looking character bristling whiskers scarred cheek cigar hanging corner mouth readers villain makes heroine look attractive glamourous jealous roommate trying steal fortune boy friend artist depend drawings suggest bit characters language characters speak standard english sort english educated persons say sentences framed theirself talked bill artist knows chief ways standard nonstandard english differ pronouns verbs merely putting nonstandard forms pronouns verbs mouths persons manages suggest uneducated affected schooling comic strip language person important factor impression makes main reason including chapter
suppose saw carpenter driving nail handle screwdriver hammer designed drive nails screwdriver put screws wonder screwdriver hammer favorable impression skill carpenter adjectives adverbs tools language hammer screwdriver modifiers writer speaker makes mistake adjective adverb adverb adjective clearly shows lacks skill tools language modifier situation impression language tools adjective adverb modifiers correctly efficiently chapter help boldfaced words columns modifiers column adjectives ly endings adverbs decide modifier sentence figure modifier modify noun pronoun adjective modify verb adverb
recipe making fudge simple fudge directions say cook mixture forms soft ball tested cup cold water directions sound easy follow catch won candy recognize degree softness words directions simple sound certainly true directions capitalizing words sentences rule simple sounds easy capitalize proper nouns adjectives formed proper nouns learning rule problem learn catch rule help recognize words considered proper nouns proper adjectives noun word person place thing noun applied class persons things called common noun noun belongs person place thing special group persons things called proper noun proper nouns capitalized common nouns begin sentence suppose theme savings account wrote sentence ten thirty bank
investigation conducted high schools determine questions students frequently ask composition assignments stand top list paragraphs paper experienced writer hearing students ask questions interesting observations strange students concerned points worry starting questions putting cart horse questions answered starts paper working paper brings answers answers paper guess main trouble continued students paragraphs student clearly understood paragraphs supposed bother ask questions simply subject knowing planned say number length paragraphs determine number length unimportant paragraphs counts studied chapter turn page reread writer remarks learn paragraphs chapter help makes sense fooled thinking paragraphs simply paragraphs look difference kinds knowledge
paragraph adequately developed unity sentences paragraph topic phase subject illustrative paragraphs preceding section unity sticks topic inefficiency colonial farming importance translating meaning words teen age spending article paragraph teen age spending writer discusses topics wrote topic teen age spending mar unity paragraph including details teen clothes slang attitudes parents details topics belong article yes spot easy reader clear orderly picture subject writer keeps details topics neatly sorted unified paragraphs ways achieve unity paragraphs think subject start actual writing figure main topics going cover kinds details develop topic danger including paragraph details belong achieving unity foolproof inexperienced writer pretty clear idea main topics intends cover let sidetracked writing paragraph starts sticks topic sentences suddenly detail actually topic discussing pops mind detail sugested word phrase written
important concrete words vary definiteness meaning main reason aware fact help speech writing effective let suppose asked give report thomas dooley navy doctor small team volunteers set medical mission towns laos french china read dr dooley account operation laos book edge tomorrow greatly impressed achievements face insurmountable handicaps difficulties listeners impressed depend entirely kind words succeed giving listeners clear idea operation laos depend terms medical supplies effective cures natives diseases witch doctors strange remedies terms general meaning specific medical supplies mean items find scout aid kit endless array items modern american hospital items dr dooley effective cures doses castor oil prolonged treatments involving surgery extremes laos afflicted diseases measles mumps elephantiasis beriberi difference general words wide range meanings easy trouble listeners attach meaning words worse likely words meaning listeners meaning mind order communicate intended meaning words specific
speak vocabulary mean words meanings wanted exact plural speak vocabularies recognition vocabulary words meanings understand hear context active vocabulary smaller consists words easily writing speaking words enter active vocabulary recognition vocabulary advantage steady transfer words writing speaking primary purpose communicate meaning words command able express ideas clearly exactly sizable active vocabulary avoid words writing speaking vivid enjoyable word part recognition vocabulary knowing word looks sounds transfer word active vocabulary put need learn word speech need pronounced write word correct spelling word noun irregular plural verb principal parts irregular forms times learned need word carefully observed word happened meet uncertain pronunciation spelling irregular forms dictionary provide information need
american owes debt thanks known frenchman nicolas marie alexandre vattemare century ago monsieur vattemare celebrated surgeon known greatest ventriloquist age america exciting idea nations thought effort understand exchanging books science literature books collected libraries public free charge president van buren congress welcomed vattemare idea enthusiastically librarian congress authorized send american books abroad exchange thousands books coming america vattemare auspices major american city large general public library receive books boston stored room city hall remedy unfortunate situation boston mayor josiah quincy jr close friend monsieur vattemare asked massachusetts legislature permission set public library april request granted american history legislature passed statute providing public library march tax supported public library major american city opened boston monsieur vattemare visit america today delighted growth public libraries united states today nearly public libraries branches americans public library cards nearly books circulate annually information science literature nearly subject free want convenience prepare larger public libraries high school library classes occasions future expect called high school public library find information talks discussions written reports
conversation argued wished knew answers questions roy campanella abruptly stop playing major league baseball tell mushroom poisonous venus preparing report history class stuck figures civilian casualties war ii background information ancient inca civilization plain curious circulation figures favorite magazines likely bitten anopheles present holder swaythling cup table tennis find answers questions reference section library find reference books books factual information books constant demand check library skilled quickly find information need handiest reference books general encyclopedias articles written experts field knowledge bach bugs manners mastodons articles presented alphabetical order encylopedias volumes letters spine volume portion alphabet covered guide words top page show topics covered page space limited encyclopedia articles include information subject book excellent general view subject present important points refresher courses subjects familiar give excellent start learning subjects
favorite saying professional writers tenth inspiration tenths perspiration perspiration flows revise drafts learned fact beginning writers shun fact drafts filled flaws revised professional writer tell revise draft write think lines wrote blind flaws pride accomplishment reluctant change flaws wait beginning revision proud drafts revise draft read slowly thoughtfully times reading corrections basis questions paragraphs details phase subject clear details included sidetrack reader crossed think details add late date subject clear interesting word choice words express meaning exactly introduction arouse readers interest want read presented material logical order reason putting point point paragraphed places paragraphs clearly linked conclusion adequately sum main points round composition give reader sense arrived written complete sentences shown clearly sentence begins ends
writer describes person place thing tries form readers minds picture subject wants readers visualize subject sees content visual effect appeal readers senses hearing smell taste touch order plenty sharp picture making details concrete details distinguish person thing describing person thing class effective description person course include outstanding physical features large sharply chiseled angular nose high deeply lined forehead small black eyes set unusually close firm stern looking mouth protruding chin details person clothes help description especially items reflect subject personality taste screaming red necktie flower splashed sport shirt fashioned garnet brooch effective description include characteristic bits person conversation important habitual actions nervous tic annoying giggle tendency drag left foot walking jaws perpetually grinding snapping gum individuals complex short composition describe person fully thing decide single important impression person makes nervousness kindliness show select description details help produce impression readers kind selecting artist painting water color painting valley spot hilltop halfway hill poplar tree blocks part quaint red barn wants feature picture include poplar poplar spoil efect picture
imagine teen age genius won essay contest sponsored favorite magazine theme contest friendship prize month tour expenses paid place want visit jamaica mexico england zealand finland south africa france borneo venezuela sights shop souvenirs travelers addition seeing sights shopping souvenirs country want country want learn live jobs entertain furnish homes live want learn things satisfy curiosity part increasing international understanding friendship invitation spend home citizen country wonderful privilege home customs culture country making interesting friend share ideas experiences win essay contest equally difficult able learn countries friends things friendly letters getting pen friend distant exciting land keeping correspondence substitute personal visit home high school classes write international letters class hobby class pen friend write teacher help pen friend address writing pen friend letters easy write
perfect golfer need meaning golf terms hook slice follow hand average golfer needed instruction improve game important understand terms imagine awkward instructor term hook say stroke ball curved left direction intended sentences write speak faultless need meaning grammatical terms subject predicate direct object predicate complement times sentences need improved understanding terms importance teachers textbook constant terms explaining wrong sentences improve simple statement standard english verb agrees subject number meaningless understand words subject verb number statement vary patterns sentences beginning occasional direct object predicate complement equally meaningless understand terms sentence patterns direct object predicate complement chapter review names parts sentences chapter mind reason review master terms effectively analyze improve sentences ways taught later parts book recall definitions terms reviewed chapter previous english courses remember difference able define term understanding meaning definitions words meaning want goal review step real understanding sentence parts
studied remarkable feature language word parts speech word noun adverb adjective verb preposition study remarkable feature language words combination parts speech words verbs act verbs ways verbs sentences adjectives nouns adverbs parts speech words called verbals suggests real verbs term verbals verbals conversations peppered verbals theme write likely verbals kinds participles gerunds infinitives chapter close look handy verbals frequently speech writing want describe persons things talk adjectives kinds adjectives tell color modified noun pink elephants green carnation size tiny spot enormous crowd material leather chair metal box type international tournament animal kingdom victorian literature adjectives help clear mean salt pepper thirteen guests twelve chairs adjectives class words modify nouns pronouns participles modifying words adjectives
standards field set training practice ability experience qualify experts field performances rate actors basil rathbone alec guinness judith anderson katharine cornell set standards theater performances top notch athletes stan musial john landy bob mathias althea gibson set standards sports standards english expect set training experience interests skillful users language find play leading part important business religious cultural governmental social educational affairs country interests involve deal speaking reading writing naturally learn language effectively usage customary words accepted standard usage country marks educated person standard english english skilled language students english goal acquainted standard english naturally conscious thought learning characteristics trademarks kinds standard english informal formal observing situations kind start goal informal english english educated informal situations business personal social affairs sales conference friendly letter dinner talk informal english casual relaxed comfortable tone everyday conversation vocabulary informal english part common everyday words guess surmise reading room athenaeum cheat defraud faire temper irascible
panel picture daffodil unusual picture sure helpful picture daffodil looks clear idea picture wrong things wrong parts flower shown artist drawn separate items related parts parts related figure sketch relationship sketch small parts flower big important large parts detail reality minor part look large major part picture distorted give accurate picture flower looks artist show parts related let important details overshadow important let shift drawing writing write main concern meaning clear give words accurate pictures ideas tell apply sentences guides artist sketch chapter show sentences typical written untrained writers sound childish figure jim martin entry green ceramic vase vase greatly impressed hill director museum makes sentences sound childish primarily short writers short sentences
sentence written college freshman tell wrong drain radiator disconnect hose going cylinder head trouble freshman capitalized words capitalized noun possessive plural college freshman mistakes certainly known twelve language study wrote sentence maybe felt worry plurals possessives capitals words sentence intended meaning clear freshman spite wrote words figure intended say wouldn annoyed sentence read set instructions readers readers expect sentence written drain radiator disconnect hoses going cylinder head sentence looks capital letters butting don belong misleading apostrophe confuse reader momentarily forms written words expected forms distract reader prevent getting meaning immediately chapter review rules writing plural possessive forms nouns capital letters exercises give practice writing forms correctly familiar forms find easy spot correct errors writing seen readers
noticed strange language realized instance sentences exactly words meanings hard believe sentences pete boys mentioned sentences false true manager fired jim pete ed dollar raise manager fired jim pete ed dollar raise moment entertainment sentences think arrive interesting facts language meaning depend entirely words punctuation important comma sentence works hand hand words express meaning matter sentences tells truth situation intended meaning writer clear tell sure words rejoice pete feel sorry manager fired jim pete ed dollar raise punctuation comma case writer express exact meaning words say speech words talk don punctuation marks speech partly don punctuation marks speech depend words meaning raise lower pitch voice change tone words pause places don pause words punctuate orally help meaning clear matter fact punctuating orally clear listener difference meaning sentences pete
robert frost recited poem john kennedy inauguration president united states january thousands audience shivering cold winter winds millions glued television screens heard white haired poet directed thoughts land settled america simply obstacle mariners seeking asia centuries christopher columbus discovered searching fabled northwest passage lead riches china japan india discovery gold mexico peru continents prize stories wealth found lose telling play called eastward ho dealing voyaging america put london character asks treasure captain heard answer tell thee gold plentiful copper dripping pans pots pure gold chains chain streets massy gold prisoners fettered gold rubies diamonds holidays gather em seashore hang children coats spanish found precious metals abundance french dutch swedes english competed foothold north america found resources quickly convertible cash fish unbelievable abundance grand bank newfoundland furs gained barter indians greatest resource especially portion coast english established settlements land
british attitude apparent soon war end showed stricter enforcement existing laws attempts tax colonies effort control west attacks colonial rights government george grenville british minister finance energetic administrator believed existing laws enforced minister generation read dispatches american revenue collectors aware degree americans habitual smugglers revenue service thirteen colonies costing british government times collected customs duties grenville term office customs required posts america stay england hire deputies armed writs assistance general search warrants allowing seek smuggled goods swearing warrant building entered british war helped suppression smuggling alleged smugglers tried admiralty courts accused person trial jury judges pocketed cent fines imposed parliament levied taxes designed shift part burden war debt british landowners colonists british government seriously tried raise revenue america idea previous taxes collect money steer colonial trade channels profitable england portions empire grenville increased number enumerated commodities shipped mother country reduced profits colonial trade europe persuaded parliament pass laws levying duties colonial imports important sugar act
united states nation modern history colonies throw yoke european domination nineteenth century colonies latin america mid twentieth century scores colonies asia africa instructive compare situation united states won independence nations today nigeria populous africa gained independence britain establishing unified nation nigerians advantages fact living twentieth century easier modern governments touch large areas instantaneous communication telephone radio rapid travel transportation steamship railroad automobile airplane eighteenth century america message faster horseback sailing vessel fastest travelers seldom average miles winter spring roads impassable snows floods nigeria today fortunate united states separation britain amicable british government poured millions dollars nigerian education economic development granted nigerian products privileged position markets united states hand handicapped britain showed unfriendly attitude british deliberately hampered american trade refused evacuate territory granted united states treaty paris important respects position united states nigeria nearly sixty million nigerians occupying square miles land african standards fortunate million americans begun tap rich resources land contained close square miles
essentials hamilton program sufficient revenue meet running expense government pay interest debt gradually reduce principal debt addition tariff law hamilton proposed excise tax whiskey produced united states congress passed law establishing whiskey tax debt owed foreign nations paid hamilton owed money foreign nation truly independent debts united states france netherlands entirely paid domestic debt funded par hamilton meant federal bonds issued place amount paid original face interest treating bondholders generously original bonds seldom worth face low cents dollar hamilton argued paying debts par united states give notice citizens promises hamilton ideas funding bill federal government debts hamilton argued debts resulted efforts help nation revolution paid national government assumption debts reduce taxes easier federal government tax accomplished assumption act federal government establish central bank hamilton proposed federal bank model bank england institution functions central office branches provide places taxes paid government deposit money
constitution united states suggest rival political parties farewell address washington deplored fact parties arisen simply reflected general feeling founders republic vice president john adams dread division republic parties leader political parties soon appeared young republic characteristic feature american politics revolutionary period tendency differed major issues divide rival groupings patriots loyalists fought question separation britain federalists federalists fought ratification constitution groupings broke soon issues connected settled debates hamilton financial program rival combinations appeared supported measures gradually organized american political party federalists included merely obviously benefited hamilton program creditors merchants bondholders generally conservative cast congregational ministers england episcopalian clergymen south tidewater plantation owners members society cincinnati organization officers revolutionary war federalists gained mass support wage earners shipping industry small farmers stood gain export agricultural products states benefited federal government assumed debts complicated web sentiment interest held direction hamilton assisted prominent federalists holding federal offices newspaper editors preachers local organizations reflecting hamilton distrust federalist party hoped put direction government hands rich born able
postwar nationalism revealed election results legislation war shown jeffersonian ideal central government strictly limited functions failed meet needs country crisis result close hostilities congress dominated jefferson republican party passed series laws written alexander hamilton republicans consistently opposed bank united states let charter run substituted results disastrous notes universally accepted national currency country lacking sufficient specie metallic currency fall notes issued banks chartered states bank notes generally accepted locality issued impossible citizen kentucky say send money boston hundreds banks started sufficient capital downright dishonest central bank federal government hard borrowing war pay troops paymaster army unable meet demands sums trifling thirty dollars circumstances opposed recharter bank united states supported creation bank modeled congress passed law establish bank united states signed argument president madison argued bank united states unconstitutional bank capital cent owned private individuals cent government twenty directors appointed president rest elected private individuals owned stock
agricultural productivity grew fast industry frontier line advance rapidly previous decades settlers held plains middle west ample fertile land flat barn floor attracted farmers barren hillsides northeast immigrants europe public lands purchased cents acre pre act allowed squatters chance buy railroads supplemented sailing ships lakes canal system moving western grain meat eastern markets markets home abroad stimulated efficient means food production chicago cincinnati meat packers began assembly line methods convey thousands carcasses plants striking development large scale farm machinery special conditions america jefferson pointed europe object land labor abundant labor land abundant need plows cut roots recently cleared forest land turn tough sod prairies jethro wood scipio york started manufacture iron plow replaceable parts efficient improved version steel iron developed john deere moline illinois deere works turning plows plows enabled farmers plant land later reap tried invent mechanical reaper deal situation successful cyrus mccormick virginia blacksmith taking patent mccormick continually improved machine
slave system developed based assumption slavery natural condition negroes criticism system silenced south legislatures increasingly difficult owner emancipate slaves lot free negroes worse states decree free negroes sold slavery negro bondage assumed forms house servants masters mistresses generally deal intimacy mutual affection slaves especially cities skilled craftsmen hired masters working force successful iron enterprises country tredegar works richmond entirely negro savannah crack teams firemen negroes efficiency matter local pride overseer john calhoun plantation fort hill trusted slave negroes worked plantations marked monotony isolation hard labor discipline plantation system contrived negroes dependent ignorant allowed contract valid marriages families broken sale leave home permission stay night dark forbiddden law teach negro read case hopeless negroes lost idea freedom abraham lincoln remarked dumb stupid slave toiled master constantly wronged favorite biblical hero moses led bondage seen chorus noble spiritual moses owned negroes quantity apparently money slave system
southern whites put resistance radical reconstruction weary war preoccupied business merely keeping alive amid general poverty unreconstructed rebels disposed follow general lee advice let bygones bygones attitude song period rebel verse hate yankee nation say hate declaration independence unable strike openly federal government organized secret terrorist societies important ku klux klan hooded white robed klansmen riding bands night intimidated carpetbaggers teachers negro schools negroes klan willing violence threats finally suppressed federal authority similar organizations frightened negroes polls contributed re establishment governments opposed radicals called conservatives gained control southern south carolina florida louisiana restored home rule reason southern successes north weary radical reconstruction group called liberal republicans including republican party refused support grant re election thought unfit presidency opposed radical reconstruction policies nominated horace greeley president democrats ratified nomination grant re elected liberal republican attitude reconstruction widespread end radical reconstruction resulted presidential election democratic candidate samuel tilden gained fame reform governor york republicans rutherford hayes governor ohio noted personal honesty
characteristic theodore roosevelt try reach mckinley bedside dangerous ride wilderness president genius dramatic gesture preached called strenuous told young don flinch don foul hit line hard practiced preached theodore roosevelt interests universal energy inexhaustible president found read fields play tennis box hunt ride horseback rugged hikes woods engage public discussion diverse matters race suicide declining birth rate nature writers told improbable tales wild animals simplified spelling poor speller football rules continued devoted father children willing hold dinner pillow fight sons roosevelt magnetism true leader rough riders crossing brooklyn bridge ordered jump asking author lunch white house wrote experience roosevelt presence feel eyes listen home wring personality clothes darling reporters news cartoonists big teeth eyeglasses moustache rough rider uniform easy caricature roosevelt public nickname teddy suggested childlike quality true childish desire miss childish enjoyment showing childish insistence picturesque ridiculous aspects roosevelt character tend obscure genuine abilities solid achievement
theodore roosevelt entrance presidential office roughly coincided beginning ferment reform known proggressivism progressive movement defer chapter attempt define development detail suffice explain progressivism operated local national level populism proposed government control business public interest presidents outstanding progressive leaders theodore roosevelt woodrow wilson roosevelt consideration republican candidate vice president mark hanna warned cowboy white house mckinley death cowboy president fear conservative business circles behave roosevelt began fulfill worst expectations message congress urged federal legislation deal tremendous highly complex industrial developments accelerated rapidity half nineteenth century speaking tour stood regulation business insure square deal capital labor public large roosevelt thought republican party move times popular feeling destroy destroyed whig party argued preserve capitalist system fundamental quarrel conservative reform roosevelt pursued cautious course promised continue absolutely unbroken policy president mckinley warned mark hanna slow president accident felt call push general program reform elected president roosevelt showed hand attempting enforce sherman antitrust act intervening coal strike
wilson inaugural address showed attention taking office focused entirely domestic issues matters tariff banking informed assistance experts senator carter glass virginia principal author federal reserve act foreign affairs personally equipped experienced advisers william jennings bryan secretary training diplomacy permanent staff department composed largely republican appointees wilson suspected reason lack sympathy policies top diplomatic posts filled usual political appointees bryan appointed scores untrained deserving democrats lesser posts took office wilson remarked friend irony fate administration deal foreign affairs turned soon confronted difficult complex foreign problems involved fate handicaps wilson resolved biographers written strike note international affairs sheer honesty unselfishness prevail nationalistic seeking american foreign policy bryan opposed imperialism big stick war believed united states exert leadership force moral wilson repudiated dollar diplomacy fortnight office taft administration group american bankers urged join countries making loan chinese republic insure repayment proposed finances chinese government put supervision foreign advisers march representatives american bankers washington asked government give support
cold war communism involved traditional aspects international rivalry diplomacy armaments rival alliances armed conflict cold war dimension apparent death stalin march passing distinct thaw russian policies home abroad soviet peoples allowed freedom personal interchange rest stalin previously hailed demigod denounced successor khrushchev brutal tyrant scapegoat oppressive measures failures bolshevik regime evidence thaw foreign affairs korean truce later willingness ussr withdraw troops austria making radical change party line russian communist leaders talked peaceful existence communists non communist nations inevitable war atomic age horrible khrushchev living envy dead eisenhower willing gamble russian attitude increase chances peace expressing hope dawn coming met russian leaders khrushchev nikolai bulganin marshal georgi zhukov prime ministers france britain july summit conference held geneva switzerland president strong plea disarmament geneva meetings cordial settled later real progress matters reunification germany conference called discuss relaxation race produce terrible weapons khrushchev paid visit united states received courtesy enthusiasm eisenhower retreat camp david soviet leader president discussed plans easing tensions especially prospects summit meeting
kennedy death president johnson southerner demanded equal fervor congress action july satisfaction signing strongest civil rights act reconstruction passed large majorities houses congress provided citizens equal access public facilities parks libraries private businesses serving public restaurants theaters forbade discrimination employment education strengthened guarantees vote months passage act department justice reported general compliance law southern states befits respect comply law significant twelve southern congressmen voted law re elected negroes gaining legal rights surprising decade earlier translating action slow process instance ten brown board education decision cent black children south desegregated schools relative improvement economic status negroes began war ii sufficient automation hit negro workers peculiar force unskilled received inferior schooling despite court decisions federal policies negroes increasingly segregated north south moved city districts whites moved children entered public schools white children private schools prosperous educated negroes found difficult buy property suburban areas difficulties created mood frustration militancy martin luther king insistence non violence christian love negroes form uncle tomism black longer wait whites give rights seize
early august republican national convention meeting south convened miami beach florida richard nixon nominated ballot easily fending challenges nelson rockefeller liberal governor york ronald reagan conservative governor california nixon chose running mate spiro agnew governor maryland candidate agreeable southern republicans acceptance speech nixon set tone ensuing campaign stressing law order civil american declared free domestic violence saying promised bring vietnam war honorable end republican convention traditional tiresome ballyhoo won friends gop democratic convention meeting chicago weeks later disaster features thoughtful keynote address senator daniel inouye hawaii eloquent debate vietnem war erased public mind events convention hall inside tv viewers saw denunciation convention proceedings dissident delegates saw violence policemen war demonstrators vice president hubert humphrey easily won nomination senator eugene mccarthy party bitterly divided selected vice presidential candidate moderate dove senator edmund muskie maine humphrey supported vietnam policies unpopular johnson administration belonged law order mood promised attack crime rioting massive marshall plan aid cities candidate george wallace governor alabama pledged segregation forever appeared ballot fifty states blamed ills country anarchists communists intellectuals briefcase bureaucrats washington promised bring law order congressional repeal supreme court decisions protecting rights criminal suspects support local police
civilizations evolved asia past exerted widespread influence indian ways ideas indian derived patterns living hundred generations inhabitants south asia region indian civilization spread lands north south east west centuries india adopted customs thought inventions peoples freely shared unusually rich cultural heritage neighbors civilizations unique qualities personalities special india requires extra effort understand indian civilization asian sense emerged endured asian continent indian typical flourished asia westerners distinct found indian society culture difficult fathom asian peoples found true indian civilization unfolded immense land variety natural features makes europe geographically dull comparison considering diversity terrain climate animal plant india compared continental land masses africa latin america size geographic complexity scholars traditionally reluctant refer indian part south asia country preferred call subcontinent differences physical environment indian subcontinent rivaled richness magnet civilization india attracted invaders migrants peoples representing major races eurasian land mass fostered growth languages dialects found area comparable size entire
ancient times inhabitants northwestern part subcontinent lived indus river plain vast stretch drained indus river tributaries area home india civilization harappan plain desert thousand ago covered forest vegetation centuries climate changed wet humid dry settlers slowly upset rhythm nature cutting forests uprooting vegetation draining marshes nature working gradually turned region dust bowls deserts parts indus valley inhabited today support million large population concentrated irrigated lands indus river tributaries lands principally pakistan extend neighboring india practically impassable thar desert isolates northwest parts subcontinent desert region uninhabited wasteland shifting sands scrubby brush ancient city panipat lies extreme western edge region corridor settled part northwest ganges valley travel regions flowed opening decisive battles fought corridor inhabitants ganges valley potential invaders harappan civilization declined center population subcontinent shifted indus valley ganges valley thousand part plain focal point indian empires indian history rose fell region ganges valley famous historic cities capitals empires today ganges valley densely populated regions
ancient times rivers rainfall vital importance india region places importance subcontinent indian knows mighty rivers hindustan indus ganges brahmaputra ganges sacred river hinduism hindus bathe holy waters summer monsoon winds usher end subcontinent rainy season subject indian art music literature person goes india finds water overriding concern west pakistan neighboring portions india depends indus river descending source high himalayan plateau breaks mountain wall indus flows plain turns southward arabian sea fed large tributaries jhelum chenab ravi sutlej beas importance tributaries reflected land flow punjab meaning waters sind lower region northwest indus river arable land punjab sind settled british india rainfall inadequate crops irrigation needed fertile land transformed farms british built thousands miles irrigation canals northwest helped turn deserts valuable wheat cotton producing lands centuries difference food famine ganges valley ganges main tributaries jumna gogra rapti gandak rivers begin snow crowned mountains north flow central hindustan join ganges empties bay bengal ganges joined brahmaputra rivers form delta page
end vedic age signs growing dissatisfaction vedic society religion indians objected increasing rigidity caste system power wielded brahmins appeared interested religious rites ceremonies teaching respect aryan tradition period mounting unrest indians denied material comforts order free minds religious contemplation developed doctrines greatly affected emerging hindu faith malhavira founder jainism siddhartha gautama known buddha faith eventually evolved buddha teachings major faiths founder buddhism born son heir ruler shakyas lived foothills himalayas gautama birthplace present nation nepal destined throne gautama reared comfort luxury according tradition shielded sight ugly wretched things young married father children thoughts problems tradition states gautama left palace grounds quick order received emotional jolts observed hunger sickness death began brood seen wondering experience sorrow suffering unable find satisfactory answer decided help age left wife children gave inheritance began wandering place place seeking answer question instruction study hermit avail
buddha born numerous tribal governments north india evolved kingdoms republics important magadha kingdom lower ganges plain blessed rich soil busy river trade iron metal working export elephants war forests timber obtained magadha grew power chandragupta maurya throne century half successors built empire north india empire possibly india instrument buddhism dominant religion rise magadha ganges plain paralleled important developments northwest cyrus ruler persian empire crossed hindu kush mountains pushed indus plain making region twentieth satrapy province cyrus exacted promises tribute indian kings satrapy grandhara furthest outpost cyrus empire successors tried rule directly content receive tribute occasionally levy soldiers shortly chandragupta power famous conqueror entered indus plain conquering persian empire alexander invaded india victorious indus valley alexander plans conquer ganges plain troops weary war refused making arrangements government conquests alexander withdrew india brilliant young leader died return journey alexander empire survive death generals established kingdoms india part domain seleucus empire included syria babylonia alexander eastern provinces glory deeds remembered west alexander generals soon forgotten subcontinent
genius indian lay social political organization end maurya dynasty basic characteristics caste system hinduism underlying philosophy form buddhism arisen providing inspiration rich heritage religious thought artistic accomplishment task devising efficient methods political administration empires kingdoms remained incomplete large kingdoms empire gupta arise able unite subcontinent political maurya times india remained politically fragmented despite political ups downs india saw flourishing creative arts maurya times subcontinent scholars artists craftsmen consolidated achievements ancestors major contributions thousand maurya times india shared riches civilization peoples borders period trade india parts showed marked increase trade indians brought lands rich cultural achievements cases hinduism buddhism worthy note spread indian civilization accomplished force arms peaceful means chapter opposite true case spread islam political organization indian relied primarily custom tradition pure chance heritage past important part indian religion tradition determined politics stating india failed achieve political unity point point peoples establishing stable unified political system indian develop social institutions direction present
early eighth century course indian history increasingly influenced expanding islam subcontinent reeled shock successive invasions upholders teachings mohammed prophet founder islamic religion terrifying assaults peoples india lastingly stirred formidable challenge islamic civilization invaders brought intruders middle east founded kingdoms northern later central india islamic faith successfuly transplanted unlike invaders past muslims vigorous spiritually culturally warded assimilation numerically superior hindus equally important able lure hindus faith ancestors indian civilization permanently enriched islam related culture hindu learned intrigued highly developed muslim philosophy literature seldom abandon hindu faith favor islamic explore islam ideas philosophical religious movements resulted muslim art architecture literature inspired numerous hindus islamic artistic views techniques took place alongside traditional hindu indian civilization complex confrontation islam hinduism tensions indian followers faiths poles matters belief custom centuries differences served irritants relationships religious communities strains compounded sixteenth century muslim regime mughals dominated indian subcontinent despite fact mughal rulers tried foster cordial hindu muslim relations gulf adherents faiths widened eventually mughal dynasty drew close hindu muslim rivalry continued gupta empire disintegrated entire middle east rocked warrior disciples mohammed prophet
late turkish chieftan took ghaznawid lands india muhammad ghori mahmud muhammad line afghan rulers muhammad conquered indian territory ghazni dynasty ruled muhammad began assault north indian kingdoms mahmud able subdue campaign muslim armies defeated leader returned larger force bitter struggle armies muhammad victorious muhammad intention staying india mahmud returned capital afghanistan giving generals task securing conquests india generals fine job extended muslim rule north india trusted muhammad generals aybek delhi headquarters muhammad assassinated aybek virtual king north india aybek rise power marked beginning delhi sultanate government foreign dynasties rule india period monarchs sat throne delhi average reign frequently sultans deposed officers centuries delhi sultanate bloody scramble power members royal family including children ruler helped plot palace revolts rebellions ended death sultan despite insecurity delhi throne sultans able statesmanlike supported construction public works promoted trade patronized learning art sultans cruel debauched feared despised hindu muslim alike reigns rulers nightmares armies sultanate fought deccan
mughals masters india height mughal power indian kingdoms peoples defied effort control mughal empire began fall independence movements increasingly evident chapter read europeans filled power vacuum left decline mughal empire began gain power semi independent muslim kingdoms rajput sikh maratha kings mughal emperors blocked plans expansion credit preventing complete domination india mughals rajputs homeland late consisted kingdoms called rajputana claiming descent kshatriya aryan times rajputs proud fighting ability proverbs wall give rajput stands fast invaders india force rajputana found defenders invincible mightiest mughal monarchs able conquer akbar gained loyalty rajputs granting special privileges mainstay system alliances degree rajputs responsible preserving hinduism northwest india face muslim onslaughts preserved aryan traditions culture brahmins tightened caste restrictions exclude muslims aurangzeb power communities hindu muslim established northwest india seen aurangzeb attempts impose muslim law rajputs transformed allies mughal empire dangerous enemies northwest india caused trouble mughals sikhs unlike rajputs sikhs heritage unite emerged beginning mughal era
growth british power india aroused opposition quarters indian princes noting displacement ruling families hindu muslim states feared sooner later fall victim british ambitions landlords badly hurt programs agrarian reform faced economic ruin proud indians embittered superior attitude british discriminatory practices interference age religious social practices grievances head sepoy rebellion revolt shook foundations british rule india early armies east india company underwent slow significant change england military strength india based mainly european manpower company comparatively small military units european mercenaries times crisis wars french company troops reinforced soldiers british army military requirements increased company began recruit indian soldiers troops known sepoys british forces india numbered quarter million sixth europeans sepoys played major part important military campaigns led british officers trained techniques european warfare fought morale high british officers treated soldiers unfairly withhold pay food petty reasons general showed consideration indian soldiers europeans treatment lowered morale sepoys unreliable carelessness led revolt sepoys hindu muslim troops stationed delhi issued rifle cartridges greased animal fat cartridges soldiers bite tips hindu troops incensed believing ammunition coated cow fat muslims equally aroused believing pig fat purpose
importance india worldwide british empire increased steadily sepoy rebellion won effective control entire subcontinent british position exploit resources wonder england determination hold imperial prize grew stronger century sepoy rebellion englishmen enjoyed profitable careers india increasingly qualified indians employed clerical administrative ranks indian civil service higher offices reserved british developmental programs technical services staffed specialists homeland indians engineering medical scientific skills required staffs programs sepoy rebellion british soldiers india mutiny sepoys high caste hindus bengali muslims disloyalty soldiers recruited groups caused british officials rely sikhs punjab tough gurkhas nepal pathan tribesmen northwest frontier simultaneously sharply increased proportion british regulars forces maintained india thousands british soldiers saw service india british trade india increased steadily half nineteenth century britain surged ahead workshop products factories found ready market india prosperity english textile mills heavily dependent india subcontinent prime market inexpensive cotton cloth transport goods british ships meant profits britain merchant marine foreign countries lands part british empire increased trade india britain maintained position foremost exporter importer goods india trade subcontinent accounted nearly britain total overseas commerce
sepoy rebellion class leaders arose indian enlarged middle class owners managers industries members professions intellectuals pursuing careers education literature government journalism religion common older generation indian leaders rulers indian states educated western outlook concerned india educated middle class active political affairs british government concessions direction government india late growing number indians attended western style schools india introduced ideas bodies information largely unknown ancestors young england study securing university professional training returned home embarked successful careers indians trained western style schools straddled widely differing worlds traditional indian western western culture impression indians enthusiastic adopted admired british condemned indian conflicted british standards cherished goal west model changing indian society indians appalled western ways west place undue emphasis acquisition wealth ruthless competition group western educated indians thought saw culture western caused idealize indian heritage regardless attitude west educated indians resented bahavior british officials india european sahibs mockery british ideals liberty respect individual
rapid rise population major concern leaders government community government india proposed birth control solution problem birth control programs initiated impact indians limit families advantage programs fear ignorance distorted information india able recruit qualified personnel programs effective government adopted primary goals effective birth control program india realizes india hope solve problems population increases rapidly ability economy provide india oldest problem plight untouchables constitution official documents untouchables referred scheduled castes help untouchables overcome handicaps framers india constitution officially outlawed untouchability buildings institutions services supported government funds opened scheduled castes professions trade opened advisory councils departments promoting welfare set states blocs seats lok sabha legislatures reserved untouchables constitution written parliament additional help untouchables penalties discrimination provided laws passed assuring untouchables specific government jobs universities required reserve number admissions group living conditions outcastes worse indians general government furnished financial aid raise standard living condition india millions untouchables improved postwar era found places political filled jobs closed
bitter controversy kashmir major factor keeping alive tension india pakistan kashmir important country buffer zone red china province important rivers supplied water indus irrigation system india pakistan country afraid neighbor monopolize water controlled source united nations bring settlement kashmir dispute early un arranged truce end fighting broken india pakistan un worked arrangement sharing water indus river system water arrangement proved successful peace renewed trouble kashmir precipitated india actions indian government agreed allow kashmir decide popular vote country join soon retracted pledge muslims greatly outnumbered hindus province indian officials plebiscite turn india proclaimed part kashmir occupying permanent part india tension india pakistan kashmir built steadily finally large scale fighting erupted armies countries nehru critics pointed india attitude kashmir proved country ignore professed ideals conflicted indian interests opinion strengthened india took steps annex small european possessions coasts foreign enclaves called remnants portuguese french empires execption portuguese held goa strategic economic importance pimples face india nehru expression reminded indians colony status country
pakistan foreign policy shifted significantly deterioration relations india communist china caused ayub khan seek closer relations mao tung despite pakistan membership seato cento pakistan red china differences december gesture friendship pakistan voted favor admitting red china united nations later countries began discussions aimed settling disagreement boundaries beginning talks coincided phase border war india china march agreement reached agreement china supported pakistan dispute kashmir supplied ayub kahn military equipment war pakistan india broke mao government aided pakistani provoking incidents indian frontier issuing threatening declarations pakistan red china continue friendly terms outbreak fighting india pakistan kashmir greatly alarmed soviet union knowing pakistan red china friendly russia fearful chinese send troops action border russia india constant harassment communist neighbor russia welcome thought chinese soldiers southern border russia invested heavily india pakistan considerable influence countries un brought cease fire india pakistan late ussr chief supporters measure ussr took unusual step offered sponsor peace talks non communist bloc contestants meeting prime minister shastri india president ayub khan pakistan arranged january took place tashkent central asia meeting result permanent settlement kashmir controversy representatives nations agree withdraw military forces areas occupied recent battles
humans animals easy learn typical behavior animals members animal species dogs behave born live eat mate care young die dogs found today follow inborn patterns behavior called instincts living creatures things stay alive live instinct behavior patterns change parents children place place animals born repeat patterns hand learn human groups live humans live groups develop share common ways behavior call culture culture includes patterns behavior found human groups includes ways humans found live environment ways thinking behaving practiced group makes culture human groups identified customs members cultural group share common customs speak dress eat think act ways anthropologist clyde kluckhohn calls cultural patterns designs living matter unusual outsider patterns carry deep meaning follow kapauku father letting son beat weak think wanted son grow businessman humans culture reflected customs culture makes human human group family tribe nation culture
dr ruth benedict anthropologists try look cultures influence personality book patterns culture suggests culture presents orderly pattern thinking wanted find culture patterns tie culture shape personalities members dr benedict studied cultures parts chose zuni indians southwest united states dobu melanesia south pacific kwakiutl northwest american coast descriptions dr benedict observations read notice culture forms acceptable behavior patterns bear mind behaviors describes longer typical present members societies zuni compulsory pattern behavior accepted things fear religious acts performed perfectly disaster strike zuni prayers help gods prayers hour recited repeated single mistake zuni afraid witchcraft dreams believe sign death suspicious forward pushy zuni ideal person easygoing ideal handle feels secure comfortable ideal zuni friendly peaceable pleasant zuni felt anger express zuni priest forbidden express anger distract religious duties fact occur zuni act friendly cultural pattern dobu south pacific zuni
anthropology science scientific study human beings understand anthropology understand science hard culture tends confuse science technology point high speed complicated machinery say look science talking technology distinction science technology shown development gasoline engine scientists called physicists discovered natural laws explain gasoline burns took highly developed technology machines tools human successful gasoline engine science understand basic laws relationships technology applies purpose science looking things technology things scientific knowledge growing discovery forces scientists change understanding humankind discovery date ancient bones push estimates began earth millions facts light ideas changed change human beings centuries true happened began accept idea earth revolves sun sun earth principles physics advanced sir isaac newton century laws considered unchangeable centuries later ideas scientist albert einstein forced scientific reconsider newtonian physics einstein theory changed expanded scientific knowledge ideas human beings ideas change
form adapt interact physical environment study interaction called ecology species adapt mutation changed environment special part ecological niche environment plants animals carve niche live reproduce plants need kind soil animals need special kind plant insect food forms compete food struggle existence species ecological niche share environment forms coexist live ecological system fact provide food process makes food chain interdependence called ecological balance number species survive reproduce rain forest number species coexist single environment species found ecological niche birds tough bills beaks eat insects bark trees birds short bills feed seeds tree snakes eat small birds large birds eat snakes goes interdependent species help maintain ecological balance system single species dominant suppose reason unusual drought hunting part humans food chain broken ecological balance upset species adapt risk extinct species home environmental niche humans fit environment species adapted survive ecological niche occupies humans able survive wide range environments
important fossil evidence suggests birthplace humans continent africa fossils early humanlike creatures found asia date specimen prehuman ancestry found europe americas map shows areas important discoveries evolutionary past humanlike creatures date late miocene earliest pleistocene epochs dr raymond dart dutch professor anatomy working south africa discovered remains earliest known humanlike animal lived million ago fossils included part skull named find australopithecus africanus southern ape africa fossils individuals found sites south africa ethiopia kenya tanzania called australopithecines dr dart found tools close study fossil showed creature humanlike size shape skull teeth humans creature walked upright dr dart found broken bones tools weapons showed early creatures bones tools smaller animals site appeared clubbed bones killed animals evidence culture suggested australopithecines definitely human anthropologists dr louis leakey wife mary began excavations olduvai gorge tanzania east africa site small grand canyon gorge cuts layers rock going millions olduvai leakeys found tools stone gave olduwan culture
evolutionary advance australopithecines type humanlike fossil exactly modern humans considered belonged genus homo natural selection worked create species homo erectus upright human homo erectus lived middle pleistocene million ago homo erectus hunters brainier taller handier clever type remains found dutch physician eugene dubois java human type called java similar specimens later found china africa europe dr davidson black canadian physician teaching peking china found fossil tooth sale chinese medicine shop chinese thought teeth dragons teeth ground medicine dr black thought dragon tooth looked human learned cave chou tien peking cave gunnar andersson opening passage black began dig found skull resembled java black died successor franz weidenreich continued dig found skulls lower jaws teeth individuals famous find homo erectus known peking layers remains peking found ranged feet height modern story building layers built litter lived cave sandy soil blown wind imagine build deposits deep
anthropologists suggest clothing originated wish cover unprotected sensitive body parts especially reproductive organs societies regard elimination body waste reproduction highly personal shameful societies elaborate ceremonies mark coming puberty age person capable sexual reproduction event public ritual setting nudity scorned civilized society cultures nudity partial nudity simply granted cultures prohibit exposure parts body freely exposing cultures standards acceptable leave uncovered woman northwest coast haida indian tribe think exposing body embarrassed seen labret lip ornament traditional muslim cultures middle east asia breast displayed publicly mother nurses child show face disgrace prohibited women culture faces veiled privacy homes close family members muslim adopts customs modern custom fading amount skin displayed varies culture culture western culture europe americas clothing fashion cycles related displays flesh hemlines rise fall necklines plunge creep body parts accented played concepts ideas modesty change parts western nude bathing semi private beaches accepted japan nude males females public bath houses
cultures including humans try improve appearance applying color design directly skin cosmetic improvements reflect culture prevailing idea beauty status cultures found number means treat skin bodies hair beautiful cultures leads elaborate operations skin ear lobes nose lips widely known types body decoration tattooing scarification cicatrization deliberately creating scar tissue tattooing inserting permanent dye skin pattern formed flat colorful tattooing popular form body decoration maori zealand unusual find local nobleman tattooed body adorn bodies skin dark body decorations show black african cultures dahomey scarification extensively face forehead chest careful incisions cuts soot foreign matter inserted skin cut healed left raised pattern scar tissue culture considered beautiful reaction examples tattooing scarification shown pictures page employ considered marks beauty consider alterations body natural appearance ugly western culture granted young ears pierced enable wear earrings practice hindu wears bone septum separates nostrils nose cultures including aztec lip plug considered ornamental
exactly point humans containers chimpanzees observed leaf scoop water evidence actual containers comes stone age containers fact widespread cutting tools cutting tool basic tools soon making simple containers containers help store items water sand grain carry place place spilling containers carried head shoulders hands freed containers carriers making transport goods place place containers fall categories simple processed simple containers works nature leaves gourds type dried fruit shell seashells turned containers easily plantain banana leaves commonly peoples living tropical regions environment influences type natural container group shells shellfish containers ona indians tierra del heating water awkward carry simplest containers found hunting gathering societies stone age technology processed containers designed prepared humans carefully wooden bowls ladles simplest processed containers containers cardboard boxes plastic bags processed common beautiful processed containers woven baskets pottery clay basket containers found peoples nonliterate cultures indians california highly skilled basket makers baskets judged works art baskets interwoven fibers rushes strips wood
think kind family kind family grew natural type family live families culture family organization divided basic types nuclear family extended family nuclear family united kinds ties tie husband wife relationship called conjugal marriage relationship parental relationship tie child parents tie sibling relationship bond brothers sisters parents relationships biologically based actual behavior expected members family social family relationships determined culture illustrate culture clear responsibilities expected brothers sisters members cultures brother involves clear obligations duties older younger brothers traditional chinese societies sons obligations father brothers wished older brother care younger brothers father died younger brothers respect head family extended family includes generation exists persons live nuclear family extend size composition extended families created married children live couple parents form extended family called joint family formed siblings husbands wives children live families extended societies person permitted wife husband
animal species survive members reproduce biological process mating assures population replacement mating occurs animals seasons males females mate soon separate humans mating times humans mating season seek establish lasting relationships call marriage marriage involves reproduction species cultures marriage joins publicly recognized union involves individuals families mutual obligations responsibilities differ culture culture marry announcing entered special relationship children cultures marriage important complex institution ceremony establishes basic social relationships family kinship serves similar biological social economic purposes cultures offers accepted means reproducing members culture rearing children providing mutual security comfort type marriage monogamy union woman usual type marriage practice polygamy taking spouse permitted arab countries marriages monogamous afford wife cultures restrictions stating person marry rules restrictions apply individuals groups marriages regulated provide stability order social groups result rules free marry wish marriage restrictions culture basic restriction forbids closely related blood marriage marry restriction called incest taboo
americas europe custom dating considered step marriage dating part marriage customs cultures general term courtship describes activities occur marriage cultures period engagement understood society characteristics cultures period called betrothal signifies couple expected marry cultures infant betrothal practiced ainu caucasoid japan newborn girl promised marriage son family couple veto parents decision reach marriageable age san indians panama marriages arranged consulting boy girl girl parents approach boy agree match suitable boy girl house delivered marriage hammock girl brought blindfolded hammock boy run future father law persuades return stubborn captured dumped marriage hammock intended bride mother watches event night boy resistance lowers signals willingness accept arrangement goes forest girl father chop balsa tree places log mother law fire ceremony completed cultures marriages arranged services matchmaker samoan boy decides court girl called soa arrangements soa approaches girl tells fine boy soa arranges meet
seen previous chapters culture plays vital role shaping ideas values art fully understand art understand culture culture appreciate art anthropologists look art object essential part culture produced continually ask mean saying telling feelings values ideals created african wood sculpture entirely meaning culture produced viewing museum anthropologists understand cultures statues carvings paintings religious purpose african statues represent dead ancestors carved spirit person represent place live fail note piece art fits entire culture fully understand appreciate peice art involves decision artist context meaning culture artist choose wood clay paint beads pots plain unadorned culture works art cultures limited technologies choices restricted decision depends materials techniques known working materials passage beginning chapter notes arts found maori culture cultures rich variety art expression pueblo indians reach highest form basketry kapauku nets artistic products
human beings animals animals affected laws natural selection wonder evolve physical biological beings humans look thousands sure human evolution differ animals important unlike animals characteristic capable altering biological adaptation culture fact future biological adjustments humans likely directly influenced deliberately guided culture development modern science medicine humans altering direction species cultural means penicillin discovery drug saved lives small percentage allergic penicillin die drug allergy hereditary passed parent child antibiotic drug genes allergic penicillin removed gene pool natural selection species adapt changing environment extinct happened species dinosaur tropical africa malaria common known sickle cell sickle cell unusual type red blood cell person gene sickle cells immune malaria trait survival africa susceptible malaria early death genes sickle cell trait develop healthy blood cells red blood cells break person develops sickle cell anemia dies early age
lifetime known fighting parts daily newspapers television news reports filled examples violence global conflict erupted recent areas grip local wars history story human conflicts battles victories defeats mean alternative war goes human killing mean violent agression eliminated mean human beings born kill studies animals suggested cases animals kill members species rats laboratory experiments killed rats crowded close unnatural conditions animals live herds packs occasional power struggles males dominant male lead pack higher animals ritualized fights acts warn intruders stay animals species rarely fight death fight typical species fighting follows genetic pattern animal fighting rituals suggest built genetic restraints inhibitions animals actually killing members species stop signal appears part genetic wolves live packs reputation humans vicious animals scientists observed wolves natural find wild animals wolves kill wolves wolf pack males challenge dominance top position leadership males fight savagely winning loser exposes shows neck opponent winner easily kill biting neck rival
brilliant young conductor leader classical orchestra thomas schippers tall face body greek god greek gods hard find dark gold hair curling sherry colored eyes singer singer vibrant voice continental european overlay blot traces michigan background ability wishes establish instant rapport harmony nonie schippers tall narrow wrists ankles aristocrat slender waist hair bred ash blonde hanging heavily shoulders tied neatly high gala festive evenings beautiful manners clear voice schippers lived place heart home york traffic angers dirt disgusts loathe noise feel animals humans pushing shoving crowds stores buses subways leave wait coming home york tommy says returning la wonderful imaginary place biggest thrill says nonie driving airport triborough bridge seeing city river sunset love sight nonie daughter mrs michael grace phipps steel real estate fortune born westbury island lived country european cities married tom says spent night york city didn want spends nights manhattan apartment actually separate apartments joined tommy knocked walls bachelor flat door marriage maintains separate study
census philadelphia biggest city inhabitants york nowadays city terms population rate metropolis bureau census defines urban region population hundreds regions center cities surrounding suburbs sprawl land today metropolises united states exceed half million american city sick sick big growth brought big problems nearly urban fouling nest automobile traffic paralyzing city period war ii streetcars buses trains subways principal means urban transportation carried inhabitants home commuters wanted extra freedom movement automobile offer number cars owned america doubled double result metropolitan citizens terrible traffic jams especially morning afternoon rush hours cases horsepower car move half fast downtown streets horse buggy century ago cities forced build expressways wider streets tunnels bridges parking garages gobble chunks land thirds downtown area los construct expensive facilities cities tear tax paying buildings explosive urban growth city dweller polluted dirty air breathe burning fuels core problem cities worst offenders cars buses motor vehicle exhaust accounts roughly half million tons waste annually spewed air addition factories puff smoke endlessly stacks
windshield wipers flicked sleet street looked black empty distance downtown skyline glowed murky night nearing city line tony anne rode silence argument party told straight home suddenly car hit icy spot began fishtail tony struggled wheel started spinning anne screamed crash glass seat tony lay crumpled wheel didn cut moaning holding head anne crawled hissing wreck homes sight cluster darkened stores service station found pay phone help information operator contacted nearest police station accident place duty officer asked anne corner jefferson winchester says street signs don live live city re mile station officer re city police re city limits report county sheriff office miss number anne dialed sheriff number busy tried busy solid minutes anne dialing finally call deputy answered told jefferson winchester county roads ma address located inside suburb pleasantville contact town police look cried anne wreck boyfriend hurt don bad hurt send sorry ma matter pleasantville police tell try radio soon chance
natural features parts landscape nature natural features include materials earth rocks soils landforms plains hills mountains weather climate plants animals bodies water important parts natural physical geographers especially interested natural features called physical geographers cultural features things changed human beings cities buildings roads fences flower beds hard draw line neatly natural features cultural features humans greatly changed natural landscape hoover dam obviously cultural feature lake mead lake river dam changed river lake consider modern corn plant result centuries human development originally natural feature wild grass crossbreeding produced plant reproduce wild corn natural cultural feature field grows polluted stream stream natural pollution cultural humans changed animal modern breeds dogs believed descended wolves jackals animals crossbreeding give desired characteristics plants corn changed ago german farmers bothered badgers strong burrowing animals preyed crops animals germans developed tough fierce hunting dog short legs crawl badger dens german language hund means dog dach means badger giving breed dachshund
globes gaining global perspective finding circle routes seeing true shape area location oceans continents countries important features awkward store handle fit desk drawer glove compartment car importantly impractical large show local details imagine immense globe wanted streets roads home globe showing major highways need meters feet diameter wanted include streets need globe ten times large purposes flat maps tools globes map representation part earth curved surface flat sheet paper earth surface curved paper flat flat map earth distorted general larger area shown map greater distortion maps distorted city maps curvature earth affect small areas cities flat maps distort shapes large areas imagine earth orange continents drawn peel obtain flat map continents cut peel orange tear parts press parts peel lie flat ways cut peel whichever choose forced change size shape relative location continents order peel lie flat
noticed lines drawn maps page lines form grid system system imaginary lines invented locate places earth kinds lines latitude lines longitude lines known parallels meridians latitude lines parallels numbered equator imaginary line divides hemispheres northern hemisphere southern hemisphere places north equator northern hemisphere situated north latitudes city orleans degrees north latitude porto algre brazil located southern hemisphere degrees south latitude distance degrees latitude kilometers miles degree devided minutes minute divided seconds decimals show portions seconds location place pinpointed equator degrees north pole degrees north latitude south pole degrees south latitude latitude lines called parallels run parallel equator length varies parallel equator kilometers miles parallels poles length points longitude lines imaginary lines running north south poles numbered depending angle form prime meridian poles prime meridian degrees longitude meridian runs royal greenwich observatory greenwich england longitude measured degrees east west prime meridian meridian exactly halfway earth prime meridian meridians subdivided minutes seconds decimals
took trip globe physical differences humans eskimos look physically pakistanis west africans look scandinavians humans vary widely color hair skin eyes general body structure meaning differences divided humans warring groups humans belong species called homo sapiens species group animals plants mate produce fertile offspring species divided physical subgroups called varieties varieties develop species members isolated humans physical subgroups called races problem saying varieties pocket gophers countless varieties roses humans classify races led suffering past lot spent looking racial purity racial superiority millions killed enslaved members group group equally human behavior call racism common section try view humans part animal physical differences develop change race easy question live fifty states specific boundaries races disagree strongly races named characteristics race concept race anyway word race refer largest group human race
biologists believe human beings members animal kingdom adjusted environment biological adaptation development human eye hand varying amounts melanin skins groups examples biological adaptation important adjust environment culture skills attitudes ideas learn humans ability interact nature reacting think minute modify environment livable live cold climate clothing buildings heating systems warm warm summertime air conditioners fans cool food eat comes plants animals domesticated tamed wild changed fit human needs food producing iowa replaced original plants animals scientifically improved produce food corn iowa wild grass central america pigs cattle asia europe technology refers sum total tools knowledge group control environment general live especially favorable spot simple technology need spend lot looking growing food including children engage gathering hunting farming advanced technology fewer produce group food freeing kinds jobs freed food production specialize tasks making tools building towns creating works art learning
begun locate community notice landforms affect study plant cover look closely items land buildings structures area mailbox cluster white houses telephone pole abandoned warehouse gas station geographers lot ways looking seemingly miscellaneous objects dot landscape items isolated parts larger land kinds buildings structures ways classify places residence houses apartment buildings structures part transportation system roads railroads docks airports belong category structures communication telephone poles broadcast towers structures primarily economic activities stores barns warehouses factories office buildings finally structures social civic community schools playing fields theaters post offices churches synagogues belong group course structures fit broad categories ornamental fences statues gravestones structures fit categories structures outmoded buildings stand today cost money adapted left vacant poor repair leftovers past called relict structures generally types structures grouped associations communities systems barn stand
canada huge country soviet union size physical cultural geography illustrate important facts nations independence countries forces hold threaten tear canada population physically separated widely spaced clusters vast areas infertile dry cold mountainous lands newfoundland nova scotia east contact prairie provinces manitoba saskatchewan alberta british columbia pacific coast population divided major language groups countries major groups trouble staying united addition quebec mainly roman catholic rest canada population protestant religious differences distinguish french canadians english speaking candians canadians feel strong loyalty separate identity percent live kilometers miles border canadians fear swallowed larger neighbor worry american ownership control vast natural resources french began settling quebec french indian war french colony fell control british century later canada independent nation recognizes queen england queen provinces canada similar states united states canadian provinces freedom decide policies states united states recent government steps french canadian culture equal importance british culture flag national anthem required bilingual language instruction schools healed grievances expressed french speaking minority
earliest automobiles powered steam engines early steamers built countries including united states hundred american companies manufactured stanley brothers newton massachusetts famous stanley steamer electric cars popular steamers easier operate noisy smelly electric cars slow recharged fifty miles driving duryea brothers springfield massachusetts produced commercial american car powered gasoline lots competitors including henry ford detroit ransom olds lansing michigan gradually internal combustion engine gasoline fuel usual power car ten thousand cars registered united states recreation vehicles driving considered sport cars part circuses demonstrated curiosities amused audiences mid americans owned million automobiles car necessity american families entered automobile age general major reasons widespread adoption automobile united states discovery development rich deposits iron coal petroleum natural resources manufacture millions vehicles discovery vast texas oil fields provided large source low cost fuel abundance petroleum low prices doubtful automobile popular quickly cars soon produced cheaply manufacturers developed mass production interchangeable parts assembly lines quality control checks
lifetime today automobile changed design american houses reshaped american cities revolutionized american economy restyled american persons employed united states today works business industry directly relating motor vehicles percent force needed manufacture automobiles needed produce distribute fuel sell insure service repair cars build manufacture roads drive trucks taxis amount resources production cars staggering manufacture automobiles divided major segments making automobile parts assembling finished product parts produced factories located place manufactures part tires engine block headlight trim ships assembly plants assembly plants large space required storing parts assembling vehicles painting testing assembly plants cities states cars trucks produced united states assembled detroit places southeastern michigan cars retired fast million cars manufactured united states additional million cars imported foreign countries million cars added nation highways hand nearly million cars retired percent vehicles processed materials recycled
southwest asia hinge afro eurasian landmass look map page find persian gulf tigris euphrates river valley geographers speak depression pivot pin hinge joins africa asia southwest asia strategic importance location today oil resources help fuel industrial economies europe africa asia americas nations area deposits oil especially saudi arabia iran leaders organization petroleum exporting countries opec powerful group nations attempts set price conditions international oil trade considering nations area note oil reserves older fundamental questions relate culture religion arab person speaks arabic native language nations arabic official language extend north africa arabian peninsula original homeland arab culture birthplace mohammed speak arabic muslims small christian jewish religious communities scattered arab states strong identification arabic culture islam million southwest asians percent total live non arab nations turkey iran afghanistan muslim arabic prayers religious purposes israel jewish language hebrew island cyprus divided large greek christian majority percent small turkish muslim minority kingdom saudi arabia largest arab asia million square kilometers square miles fourth largest asian country
politically culturally south asia dominated india elements contemporary indian civilization dated making oldest culture endured absorbed elements peoples moved subcontinent peoples speaking european languages wave pushing dravidian peoples southern india basic division subcontinent language families exists today regular fashion newer invaders north sea establish empires india huns arabs persians mongols finally british queen victoria england assumed title empress india struggle independence guided leaders mohandas ghandi finally ended establishment republic india part agreement establishing independent india permitted muslim areas northwest northeast form separate nation pakistan areas remained unified independent nation civil war eastern area gained independence nation bangladesh nations south asia face severe food shortages monsoon rains undependable drought led mass starvation times past hand rain brings devastating floods typhoons hurricanes called asia inflict damage heavily populated coastal areas huge size population combined uncertainties climate brought south asians face face famine mountain kingdoms nepal bhutan located north india bhutan small size population million nepal population million
south arctic circle climate bit warmer extreme wetness major problem snows melting south send waters arctic frozen mouth ob acts dam waters creating extensive marshlands south dry grasslands kirghiz steppe deserts turkestan generally limit human irrigated areas foothills mountains finally tangle peaks roof ruggedness elevation terrain restrict land looked maps area struck idea huge dams canals built change course ob water flows marshlands arctic ocean dry areas south irrigate crops aral sea meters feet sea level caspian sea actually meters feet sea level seas slowly evaporating fill fresh water maybe send overflow black mediterranean seas series canals cost enormous lifetimes finish job ecological risks affecting climate ocean level ice formation plant animal dictate slow section policy soviet engineers working idea plan start small scale project similar nature european russia project successful ob river diversion projects begin
size california venezuela lies caribbean coast south america spanish explorers named venice indian houses built stilts shallow waters lake maracaibo reminded houses canals italian city today venezuela enjoying bonanza large reserves oil valuable percent increase price oil huge profits venezuelans richest south america average average south american countries wealth unevely distributed percent population controlling percent wealth venezuela trying gap rich poor immense oil fortune government realizes run someday government sponsoring massive education programs financing college educations qualified students educated needed run nation expanding steel oil industries noted government building ciudad guyana orinoco river city expected house million venezuelans area developed economically venezuela biggest problems constant migration farmers cities caracas million residents million squatters shantytowns recent arrivals countryside venezuelans abandoned farms look cities country import food feed million normal economic conditions unbearable load nation income venezuela presently able buy large amounts food suffering severe economic consequences venezuela wealth responsible stable democratic government venezuela columbia guyana surinam democratically elected governments south america today
australia smallest continent largest nations ranking sixth brazil million live australia fewer york city metropolitan area continent lies southeast asia bounded indian ocean west south tasman sea pacific ocean east coral sea northeast arafura timor seas north large island tasmania part country lies kilometers miles southern coast immense coral formation called barrier reef runs northeast coast australia major physical regions eastern highlands run east side australia generally called dividing range highlands mountain ranges highest point mount kosciusko meters feet west dividing range central lowlands region interior drainage level topography south large swampy lakes fill rains disappear dry seasons western plateau extends central part australia west coast comparable canadian shield eastern plateau brazil western plateau shield ancient rocks form foundation continent australia south equator seasons opposite northern hemisphere tropic capricorn runs center continent due pattern winds australia climate generally hot dry reason continent major river system nearly percent australia land classified desert
nation zealand occupies lushly vegetated mountainous islands approximately kilometers miles southeast australia meridian unlike australia area temperate latitudes north island volcanic plateau occasional low mountains rolling hills geysers hot springs island south island dominated spectacular southern alps highest peak mount cook reaches meters feet deep fjords provide beautiful scenery zealand climate marine west coast temperatures cooler mountains middle latitude climate similar britain nearly zealand european population british settlers mainly group immigrants islands maoris polynesian canoed zealand fourteenth century islands hundreds miles maoris resisted british fought land eventually british subdued maoris number declined numbers steadily risen approximately percent zealand population tens thousands islands islets reefs pacific ocean exact count islands uninhabited million live oceania including million zealand million guinea hawaii islands range size tiny rocky outcroppings huge mountainous lands guinea zealand generally divided types flat coral islands mountainous volcanic islands hawaiian islands tops range giant submerged volcanoes extends kilometers miles beneath sea
indians york states atlantic coast pushed interior indians white able remain neighbors white hungry land gathered strength force indians indian tribes lost part lands indian leaders trusting treaties gave settlers land settlers forgot treaties moved farther west indian tribes small ten hundred fighting hold thousands white demanding land wars fought won indian tribe strong tribe iroquois york hold settlers land stolen indians called christians excuses death brought drove indians claimed indians savages christians deserved happened pointed indians believe private property stole white settlers indian women worked hard husbands shocked indians fought attacking killing warning excuses remind strongly reasons gave trading owning slaves group christian missionaries hoped bring religion indians met indian chiefs edge creek buffalo york white urged chiefs save souls christians chief red jacket senecas answered
twenty indians conestoga tribe lived lancaster pennsylvania indians spoke english english names white neighbors william penn founder ruler pennsylvania agreed peace indians sun shine waters run rivers penn settlers build homes villages indian land bought indians indians agreed sale settlers poured pennsylvania indians moved west sold land lost sales drunk number fought large bands armed frontiersmen moved indian lands killed refused give hunting grounds small group conestogas remained felt safe farmland tiny village small group contained women boys girls dawn december group white called paxton boys surrounded small indian village attacked warning murdered found getting revenge indians frontier killed settlers fourteen indians strong building lancaster orders governor december fifty white broke building killed fourteen benjamin franklin wrote conestoga massacre words show problem faced indians tried remain land white settlers moved area crime poor wretches reddish brown skin black hair sort murdered white
genocide destroyed indians million indians land united states murder indians end litle left killed frontiersmen miners settlers chiefly united states army indians fought savagely hatred whites indians grew fierce americans began say believe indian dead indian americans lived east newspapers told daily tales death caused indian attacks say troubles white brought indians lands wanted late theodore roosevelt later president united states words speech york city don think indians dead indians believe ten shouldn inquire closely case tenth chief problem facing indian tribe hold lands promised treaties united states government indian leaders realized promises settlers pouring mississippi pushing west white pushing east california texas filling white begun move north indian territory oklahoma parts states civil war began offer hope indians sides war wanted help tribes indian armies help win battles west indian scouts find enemy forces report movements tribes joined northern armies fought south
supreme court decide case power slaveowners challenged group abolitionists paid costs law case important country history slave named dred scott master slave slavery permitted abolitionists claimed free slave escaped free legally free chief justice supreme court roger taney southerner justices decide black americans hope slavery stronger south equality north places white forget freedman slave white rid feeling white person black places black hope vote find job give children education equal received white boys girls worse south slaveowners ruled power black equal rights united states growing states forming west southern leaders helped politicians north worked spread slavery states stephen douglas senator illinois slavery allowed white citizens wanted congress passed kansas nebraska act open area slavery country waiting supreme court decision dred scott case decide questions chief justice taney read court decision
words describe brought africa slaves later freed negro spanish word black word describe slaves blacks word white slaveowners africans afro americans white south began word colored describe slaves word today mean scientists tell chief races divisions based largely skin color names races caucasian white negroid black dark brown mongoloid yellow race differences skin color caucasians dark skins negroids light skins mongoloids skin yellow races variety mixed thousands tribes peoples moved place place married members group area happened history longer pure races ancestors race slave children white fathers soon large numbers light skinned slaves americas white south person black ancestor black soon began word colored slaves skins black fact fair whites white ancestors skin fair known mulattoes treated negroes called colored matter white person skin colored ancestor colored
united states supreme court decision plessy ferguson case laws black citizens country ruled white states south ruled white believed white supremacy passed law law races separate prevent black bettering lives set separate schools black children taught black teachers received small fraction money white schools white colored separated public place black workers received lower wages whites kind black denied vote louisiana law provided vote grandfather vote black person voted reconstruction meant black person vote known grandfather clause laws called jim crow laws jim crow song sung south early mocked negroes words describe laws customs black gaining equality jim crow laws passed south late jim crow customs black americans equality united states black south members congress reconstruction george white north carolina group black members congress january weeks left congressman white speech problems solution black american beginning twentieth century
john sullivan editor newspaper called united states magazine democratic review tried country believe moving west land atlantic pacific idea shared leaders washington land west mississippi hold riches home millions farmers miners cattlemen pushing land west soon religion began speak nation destiny happen god planned happen manifest clear plain sullivan told readers manifest destiny united states land oceans united states stretched atlantic mississippi country gained freedom england added louisiana purchase added florida pacific coast area call southwest texas california thousand spaniards took mexico ruled millions indians spain knew spaniards control armies force indians christians indians roman catholics churches help control spaniards took steps indians accept spanish culture destroyed fine schools libraries indians developed hundreds book burning complete today remaining fifty written aztec works spanish speaking schools begun indian children churches attended
known mexican american united states son migrant farmer family moved job job finish eighth grade spokesman millions mexican americans began headed union called united farm workers organizing committee started members called national farm workers association members call initials message cesar chavez union plain free demand justice town delano california grape growing part cesar chavez delano center drive goal improve living working conditions mexican american migrant farmers campesinos chavez union began strike grape pickers received contract spanish word strike huelga la huelga country wide movement united states believed grape pickers higher pay working conditions joined boycott refused buy grapes picketed stores grapes sold raised money help strikers la huelga drive give equal rights important minority mexican americans strike cesar chavez important wine grape growers accept union grew table grapes grapes eating agree farm workers union hired workers union tried farms going union give migrant workers refused received small payments union month
congress passed pacific railway act gave railroad companies build country transcontinental coast coast railroad union pacific lay tracks west omaha nebraska central pacific move east sacramento california company build track lines met central pacific greater problems track cross rocky rolling land high mountains needed hard building hand crews live town city months railroad built help thousands china called coolies chinee country worked harder faster railroad workers dangerous chinese died accidents charles crocker charge building central pacific proud hard working chinese helped build miles track hoped complete put found worked favor extent found hurry job put chinese single central pacific crews laid ten miles track twelve hours weeks later lines track met building railroad chinese returned california found wanted chinese cities san francisco los grew worse worse find live crowded ghettos
refugee person flees country seek safety jews refugees jews settle dutch colony amsterdam later named york arrived lived city brazil left portugal captured remained forced roman catholics group led asser levy van butcher peter stuyvesant governor amsterdam wanted jews leave dutch west india company holland ordered permit remain travel trade live remain provided poor burden company community supported nation jews remain stuyvesant refused give rights enjoyed amsterdam asser levy win ten levy court governor appealed governor decisions holland jews slowly citizens won serve soldiers gained homes permitted set businesses trade dutch settlements hudson river rights england took colony soon added opened cemetery landowners built house worship synagogue asser levy showed believed religious groups share rights helped raise money build city lutheran church levy helped jews move equality rest jews citizens countries lived
semite person speaks language peoples called semitic roots lie middle east known languages hebrew arabic europeans spoke semitic language jews word semite mean jew german writer began word describe goal taking rights jews term describe actions beliefs designed harm jews group person jew semite wants discrimination jews semites want treat jews black americans treated jim crow semite believes jews thinks crooks communists evil ways study american christians published beliefs held semites disliked jews reasons refused jews charged jews wanted christians semites believed proper hate jews thought person refused christian punished person thinks hatred proper stops looking facts stops wondering ideas holds correct hating part seen american history black americans indians americans asia puerto ricans mexican americans catholics jews suffered americans hatred part daily thoughts actions hate members group hate study found strongest parts country jews live fourth semites single jew
indians lived northern caribbean called arawaks tribe living puerto rico columbus arrived november puerto rican discovery called tainos named island borinquen land brave tainos brave steady attack carib indians raided north venizuela tainos lived small villages ruled chief called cacique chiefs chosen rule tainos indians farmed rich soil took fish seas thought gods control nature sharp sense wrong chief god tainos god goodness spaniards settle puerto rico ponce de leon brought soldiers spanish settlers area today san juan island puerto rico rich port soon spaniards set capital city named san juan bautista st john baptist city san juan grew center ruling system designed spanish officials landowners rich priests soldiers indians accept christianity thousands indians slaves forced farms mines indians tried revolt spanish armor guns defeated tainos began leave island slaves settled islands remain free spanish government laws indians spaniards live peace indian slavery ended indians spaniards marry women slaves began receive wages black slavery began puerto rico soon spaniards settled black african slaves spanish settler
american cities began grow rapidly civil war shortage housing city grows quickly neighborhoods build forty civil war city transportation travel crowded neighborhoods places groups growing cities europe asia south america mexico left american farms live cities shortage homes grew worse jobs waiting cities poured neighborhood crowded buildings grew rebuilt today big city slums developed housing cost slums poorest moved country spoke language religion wanted live large cities soon german irish italian jewish neighborhoods landlords preferred rent white groups city black rent homes neighborhoods black neighborhoods europe jews forced law live walled parts cities called ghetos united states began speak irish ghettos jewish ghettos italian ghettos negro ghettos city minority group citizens landlords lived cities chiefly white protestant prejudiced group number minority group citizens grew larger prejudices began weaken white groups move slums prejudice groups weaken chinese japanese mexicans filipinos puerto ricans indians especially negroes rent neighborhoods lived
minority group americans wage fight gain goal country promised citizens equal treatment laws black americans largest minority fought struggle hardest won small victory americans gained live laws share growth human rights racism sharp bitter lasting minority americans learned depend law gains lasting drive equality laws enforcement changed goal remains fair treatment promised americans country constitution constitution explains fair treatment means lists rights government deny rights guaranteed citizens called civil liberties stated amendments explained dozens supreme court decisions today keenly aware promised civil liberties saw national silence rights country minorities correct injustices jim crow non white minorities knew denied rights white majority knew rights denied change began supreme court decisions courts began act protect rights americans congress began pass laws needed secure rights promised constitution court decisions laws road fair equal treatment let look problems americans faced minority group americans gained vote jim crow laws customs weakened
live kinds government local national local government makes laws community village town township city county county towns cities local laws deal needs problems small area community enforced community community laws communities local government police judges officials duty enforce local laws laws governments enforced laws replace local laws deal subject governments enforce laws police judges officials local government enforce laws congress passes laws country laws replace local laws subject community rules matters voting law force local rules law passed congress change local laws constitution lists powers congress kinds laws pass laws obeyed country supreme court rules case law unconstitutional permitted constitution local governments refused obey laws passed congress happened congress acted improve rights minorities laws affecting civil rights voting fair housing areas discrimination federal courts order local officials obey laws federal judge power order officials enforce law fail punished judge
begin study modern history seventeenth century chief reason characteristics modern civilization chapter begin clearly discernible sharply defined beginnings endings history begin earlier events leading beginning end events chosen period history motion picture represents doings period lives doubt picture unity significance tragic comic happened characters picture began directors find introduce flashback giving spectators glimpse early hero villain imitate excellent practice taking glimpse happened europe modern history began let imagine ready watch drama modern history present understand director kindly flashbacks picture appears glimpse civilization ancient greece rome thousand history flashback picture medieval civilization final picture shows reformation wish learn briefly epochs history contributed civilization call modern greeks ancient times remarkable remarkable greek peoples athenians
century half civilized peoples mainly germans began roman empire danube rhine frontiers repulsed coming fourth century settled parts empire romanized european immigrants united states americanized learned latin language lived tenant farmers estates served armies infrequently rose high office army government century numbers romanized repulsed saxons jutes established britain franks northern gaul visigoths southern gaul spain vandals africa heruli lombards italy conquering tribes part aim destroy roman civilization contrary splendid roads buildings ease confort roman marvelous wished fine things rough children sevres china shop broke roman pieces leaving fragments constructed primitive adopt roman inexperienced maintain education arts incompetent master efficient roman system law government result western civilization broke western europe grew poorer things ideas knew brilliant civilization flourished athens rome age confusion decline emerged type civilization reached height twelfth thirteenth centuries call medieval civilization civilization ancient modern times
seventeenth century european countries governed kings claimed rule god governments run dictators claim rule change government kings government important fact political history modern times change earlier countries country brought countries governments freely elected government won slowly hard struggle revolution bloodshed earliest important revolutionary movements occurred england seventeenth century speak events took place period english revolution english able countries limit power kings peoples organized parliament carry struggle seventeenth century english parliament composed houses house lords house commons nobles bishops sat house lords seventeenth century members house commons elected elected wealthy merchants landowners sat house commons wealthy landowners called country gentlemen closely related nobles birth marriage closely related class nobles country gentlemen controlled parliament carried struggle king nobles country gentlemen sat parliament believe democracy
things practical ideas things think wood build houses fire think fire cook dinners warm houses unusual persons mere sake knowing ask explosive fruitful question inquiring ages thought things things main interests ancient greek philosophers agreed socrates main study thought study things important medieval thinkers gave attention trying understand god relation middle ages friar roger bacon believed study nature interesting important sixteenth century copernicus kepler making important discoveries nature later scientist galileo encourage study nature writings discoveries welcome ideas galileo writings trouble galileo born italy town pisa studied medicine gave want doctor rare persons refuse engage practical affairs spend asking professor professor mathematics university pisa professor natural science university padua galileo scientists discussing question aristotle theory falling bodies true clear aristotle theory galileo took mean ten pound ball iron fall ten times fast pound ball
newton book principia published twenty europe knew mathematics understand middle eighteenth century ordinary eager learn called newtonian philosophy giving popular illustrated lectures subject books published english french italian including written expecially ladies explained simple language meaning newton discoveries read newton voltaire learned understand talks talk books ordinary person understand ordinary talked newton stood idea place ordinary eager learn newtonian philosophy idea place understand contrasting older idea survived middle ages middle ages prevailing belief naturally disposed evil allowed think act restraint follow evil courses accept wrong ideas thomas aquinas taught civil authority comes god kings princes regulate acts education complete religion care church influence thinking duty obey lawful authorities obedience wiser luther protestants held view discoveries scientists copernicus galileo evident able observation experiment learn deal universe known believed
louis xvi shy words weak shy persons bad habit saying yes meant merely rid pestered result sure king revolution hard pressed national assembly promised publicly accept reforms queen nobles court scolded yielding privately promised rid national assembly abolish reforms king rid national assembly july tried army dissolve national assembly paris risen insurrection raised national guard king troops joined later october king court partly persuaded partly forced lafayette national guard versailles reside paris king paris carefully watched troops relied poor king queen nobles court plan urging king escape paris gather troops parts france return head army told king loyal subjects seeing meant business rally result national assembly disloyal city paris submit louis hesitated mean civil war decided try plan thing decided civil constitution clergy louis devout catholic
subject varing moods despondent times full hope society large affected history thought find alternating periods hope despair period hopefulness lived shadow oppression oppression political opinions activities autocratic governments glad peace busied making living aspired political liberty hope obtaining thought gloomy depressed poets writers inclined turn questions find consolation writing events remote past popular authors byron chateaubriand wrote deal sad souls historians thierry brilliant colors france merovingian times novelists walter scott wrote romances age chivalry ivanhoe writers represent called romantic movement history thought thought cease romantic gloomy depressed revolutions deal change young especially encouraged successful revolutions think political liberty social reform impossible obtain poets writers nearly country wrote political social problems period souls departed glories middle ages mood depression napoleonic wars gradually gave mood hope looked forward enthusiasm times coming battered
seen chief result revolution france establishment republic france overwhelming majority chose louis napoleon president republic meant reason france faith louis napoleon try understand louis napoleon romantic career son louis bonaparte king holland nephew napoleon bonaparte napoleon bonaparte son died louis napoleon head bonaparte family heir claims expectations political sort family claims slight napoleon lost hope someday playing part history france believe occasion created call providential hands destinies country believe louis napoleon scarcely looked part famous uncle short body legs large head deep set somber eyes black mustachios gave appearance villain melodrama pursues obtains fair lady joke laughed feared started insurrections citizen king louis philippe complete failures french government condemned perpetual imprisonment ham feared allowed escape england lived exile comic opera adventures surrounded air romance note
soon napoleon arrived italy announced going struggle reclaiming independence rescue foreign oppression united french sardinian armies defeated austrians important battle war battle magenta occupied milan napoleon victor emmanuel riding head armies streets milan welcomed liberators observed sovereigns cavour riding generals easily recognizable civilian clothes famous round spectacles accorded loudest cheers driven milan austrians stand solferino frontier venetia extensive deadly conflicts known keen eye dramatic napoleon balloon detachment houdan famous aeronaut muggy june masses struggled fought deafened roar cannon choked sulfurous sultry air falling thousands wounds exhaustion night missing wounded dead french sardinians driven austrians position decisive victory austrians retired order withdrawing powerful fortresses formed quadrilateral guarded entrance venetia battle victory napoleon telegraphed empress eugenie surveyed situation battle found victory liking refused fight continuing war napoleon peace austrians took army france reasons napoleon refused continue war battle solferino fine ride streets milan flags waving bands playing recieve plaudits grateful
problem confronted bismarck similar confronted washinton hamilton constitution united states adopted united states enthusiastic federal union condition existed germany indifferent empire hostile bismarck problem imperial institutions smoothly win support indifferent reconcile hostile short task empire going concern attitude bismarck empire reflected political parties reichstag conservative party chiefly prussian party composed landowning nobles high officers government army bismarck conservatives opposed popular government unlike enthusiastic empire progressive liberal party composed workingmen lower middle class progressive liberals interested government empire government prussia disliked bismarck opposed reform prussian government center party party formed catholics minority empire feared imperial government interfere religious liberty national liberal party enthusiastic empire ready help bismarck success party composed upper middle class businessmen officials lawyers professors letters national liberals admired bismarck believed unification germany german empire step forward germany wished empire successful powerful agreed bismarck
workers britain france germany formed political party british workers call party socialist party socialistic program called labor party term socialist english dislike names change ways readily stick names enables tell changed british workers heard scientific socialism elected house commons labor members convinced form political party adopt socialistic program reform stuck names continued talk principles trade unionism called elected parliament called labor members formed party naturally gave british sounding labor party british laboring classes took steps form political party felt wanted trade unions repeal laws trade unions number unions increased slowly rapidly unions britain organized managed union governed looked interests members early unions relied strikes collective bargaining defend interests workers unions took part politics industrial workers supported liberal party gladstone hoping grand care intersts
acquisition colonies sea story european history sixteenth century spain portugal colonial powers seventeenth century holland france britain acquired colonial possessions asia west indies north america century half rivalry countries colonies commercial advantages part european war result struggle main victory britain france lost colonial empire north america india dutch portuguese retained part possessions east spanish colonies south america revolt won independence meantime british empire loss american colonies steadily increased extent comprised canada australia zealand subcontinent india cape colony southern africa islands malta minorca rock gibraltar mediterranean naval coaling stations atlantic pacific indian oceans half century countries europe gave attention colonies chiefly occupied struggle political liberty national independence wars period grew colonial rivalry questioned wisdom colonies england argued colonies burden advantage cost worth argued called englanders englanders actually advocated britain give colonies certainly opposed acquiring additional colonies add drain national treasury
look today turning point war ii allies checked japanese advance inflicted defeats germans actions series victories enabled allies carry war italy germany japan course going happen military successes encouraged confidence eventual outcome sure future germans strength fact give allies bad scares japanese advance stopped prospect driving japanese islands held loomed costly job remember victorious armies suffer heavy losses war going hard large view war fought scale war war history war war sense nations parts entered conflict fought primarily europe war ii war sense fought navies battled pacific atlantic major military actions took place asia africa europe japanese bombed northern australia war approached north america japanese american troops fought aleutians chain islands stretching thousand miles alaska asia government united states faced major decision early pressed war germany war japan
end war brought confusion peace hectic moves establish governments countries germans occupied armies fighting germans destroying cities transportation suddenly govern cities manage distribution food fuel supplies problems allied governments concern range matters defeated countries nature permanent united nations wartime allies continue matters immediately war critical period leaders allies liberation movements thought individuals responsible german conquests punished local liberation forces occupied nations wanted punish fellow countrymen willingly operated germans easy understand suffered nazi rule wanted revenge punishments executions carried recklessly times injustices committed effort avenge injustices fortunately france general de spoke mob action governments exile reestablished brought trial number charged treason france marshal henri petain pierre laval important members vichy government tried condemned death laval sentence carried de commuted pertain sentence imprisonment age petain services france military commander war war allied governments announced hold german leaders personally responsible violations international law declared wipe traces nazism militarism germany held movements caused war
end war ii signs difficult russia western allies defeated germany disagreements poland caused winston churchill write stalin pointing sad split english speaking nations side countries dominated russia quarrel tear pieces split developed hitler death february russian foreign minister denounced dangerous talk war indicating talk month later churchill speech united states pointed shadow fallen scenes lately lighted allied victory shadow caused iron curtain russia lowered europe churchill added think russians wanted war fruits war indefinite expansion power doctrines churchill speech alarmed number europe united states thought talking split worse believed renew operation existed allies war hopes dimmer recognized regardless blame cold war progress civil war greece forced united states positive move cold war civil war broke struggle greek government forces communist guerilla bands british aided greek government communist bands overcome fact hard pressed crossed greek border find haven communist countries north
regime predominantly agricultural society governments headed kings established officially recognized churches sharp divisions classes society symbols power king scepter bishop miter noble sword eighteenth century person born social class remained lifetime bringing children obey customs classes set birth dress manners laws prescribing special duties privileges class especially able fortunate individuals managed rise station birth persons rare tenths europe peasant farmers france russia plowland divided narrow unfenced strips strips parceled individual peasants landlord church farmed fields peasants estate village worked farm lands lord church peasant contributing owned ox wagon plow skill labor harvest products lord strips church barns owned peasant gathered grain scattered strips winter living peasant families lived comfortably barely land alive knowledge skill required kind passed father son mother daughter peasants read knew cluster village cottages surrounding fields woodlands neighboring market town landlord representative directed farming activities peasants serfs bound land eastern east central europe landlord fairly complete jurisdiction
french revolution began assembling estates general forgotten house parliament met beginning events rushed french government society altered revolutionary europe wider affected extent results revolution apparent today fundamentally revolution stemmed conflict present degree europe forces supporting regime promoting change france series events sharpened discord brought exploding point events prolonged quarrel king nobles problem king nobles simply stated french government bankrupt nobles refused assume full share tax burden louis xvi force nobles determined financial plight french government grew largely cost numerous wars previous century recently american revolution french contributed financial aid outright military assistance government unable repay debts meet interest payments borrowing money finally found unable borrow money needed france rich country government bankrupt financial plight government reflected deeper problem need reaching constitutional reform earlier french kings granted special privileges newly acquired provinces church nobles order win support privileges longer purpose governmental bureaus ministries adequate longer performed efficiently changed conditions eighteenth century
estate succeeded creating national assembly future body secure strongly opposed majority upper clergy nobles king king ally nobles began assemble troops intention disbanding national assembly force prevented acting peasants paris winter unrest poorer bad harvest meant bread basic food poor scarce dear july grain prices highest general slowing business put thousands towns despair townspeople wandered countryside searching food mobs attacked peasants grain supplies rural areas hand flocked cities especially paris seeking bread finding desperate national assembly hope rumor aristocrats planned overthrow assembly aroused high pitch excitement paris rumors expected attack city gates enemy brigands bandits circulated panic fear sought sort weapon protect owners small businesses aided wealthy encouraged workmen demonstrate streets mobs surrounded places weapons reported essential defend city strongly governed truly revolutionary proposal put forward electors chosen paris delegates national assembly set bourgeois government city government commune existence july
industrial revolution age western europe progress greatest britain belgium steady slower industrial growth france important beginnings factories improved transportation communication efficient methods agriculture numerous large cities transformed society developments called industrial revolution perfect restricted industry occurred gradually revoluutionary speed term abandoned period britain industrial leadership undisputed british adequate deposits coal iron access sea markets capital saved wealth business create wealth amassed earlier trading ventures island spared invasion napoleonic wars increased wartime demands textiles metal products stimulated machines factories wars ended britain advance nearest industrial rival france head start british maintained industrial commercial leadership cotton cloth coal iron industries receive full impact industrial revolution case growth based important developments place eighteenth century decades eighteenth century successful cotton spinning machines invented run water power power driven machines heavy expensive cottage housed factories streams furnished water power cotton industry stimulated napoleonic period drop price raw materials american eli whitney invented cotton gin eliminated tedious task separating cotton seeds fibers hand
romantic literature paralleled romantic painting music gothic revival architecture eighteenth century painting literature classical rules extent painting portraits living persons garbed roman togas nineteenth century romantic revolution started british painters john constable turner specialized painting natural scenes turner truly awe inspiring canvases represented raging storms battles sea grandeur nature constable exhibited paris simple country scene called haywain opposite turner showing quiet beauty approachability nature encouraged french painters rebel classicism eugene delacroix significant french romantic painters emphasized color movement loved portray exciting dramatic actions past share emotional intensity situation beholder music similar revolutionary innovations paris painter capital europe early nineteenth century germany musical center revival social singing german folk tunes kind music genius creation rare beauty sheer sound inspired franz schubert write hundred songs lieder german sung piano accompaniment musical settings poems goethe schiller full feeling imagination ludwig van beethoven greatest genius german composers displayed romantic tendencies works end romantic period richard wagner began compose romantic music dramas based legends medieval germany felix mendelssohn robert schumann important german romantic composers
revolution france set motion revolutions germany aims course german revolutions determined conditions german lands germany advanced industrially france fewer factories cities fewer roads canals larger percentage peasants cottage workers politically germany group thirty independent states loosely joined germanic confederation established congress vienna austria dominant power confederation delegate presided confederation diet frankfurt signs change germany important creation zollverein german word customs union formation zollverein goods passing small german transit pay duty german economist results thirty customs toll boundaries germany paralyze communication result approximately effect limb human body tied prevent flow blood order carry business hamburg austria berlin switzerland traverse states master customs toll systems pay transit duty times prussian lands scattered parts germany prussian government attempted ease difficulties commerce lands abolishing internal duties putting single moderate tariff parts kingdom states especially surrounded prussian territory soon saw advantage joining zollverein german states austria members germany free trade common market telegraph wires strung german cities railroads built commerce increase sense german unity unavoidably began develop
fundamental late nineteenth century developments industrial expansion large scale industry grew leaps bounds britain belgium gradually france spread amazing rapidity parts europe north america east history regions considerable size europe america industry important important agriculture kind society lived worked spent leisure ways art literature science religion ideas minds profoundly affected obvious industrial growth steel steam backbone industrial growth end period chemicals oil electricity expanding aid scientific discoveries laying foundations giant industries steel fast steam powered transportation dominated forty cotton coal iron flourishing dominated immediately preceding period production steel grew belief metric tons metric tons steel rails times longer lasting iron steel boilers capable withstanding high pressures steel locomotives steel steamships steel transforming system transportation expanding food preserving industry quantities sheet steel tin cans especially united states tall buildings authentic skyscrapers built riveted steel frames capable bearing weight building steel typewriters steel farm machines steel sewing machines steel bridges cases altogether devices feasible inexpensive steel special purposes metals added molten steel produce alloys qualities hardness pliability resistance rusting
scientists developing important profitable theories artists writers abandoning forms methods favor influenced advance industrialism literature tended realistic depicting dirt toil poverty city unified movement replace romanticism realistic novels george eliot written period englishman thomas hardy american henry james frenchman emile zola russia leo tolstoy wrote war peace napoleonic invasions picturing sided real russia unsurpassed fullness vividness writers pointed weaknesses society clever plays british socialist george bernard shaw painting strive exact realism camera perfected purpose important group painters french impressionists strove fill pictures light color movement observer sees quick impression scene edouard manet claude monet auguste renoir leaders group later postimpressionists dutch vincent van bright thick colors french paul cezanne tried unite strengths impressionist painters classical past light color give paintings clearly defined form music remained generally romantic richard wagner johannes brahms gustav mahler germany austria giuseppe verdi italy peter tchaikovsky russia marked tendency music reflected strong national feelings wagner operas based medieval german legends
eastern southeastern europe russia independent balkan countries remained european part ottoman empire peasant lands russia sure industrialism beginning noticeable advance balkan states experience steam steel recently occurred eastern europe unrest russia revolutionary movements encouraged advance industry balkan nationalism stilled intensified independence greece grant autonomy serbia romania russia hopeful mood created emancipation serfs reforms destroyed stern repressive measures alexander ii failure narodnik efforts movement assassination alexander terrorists ushered period reaction repression lasted alexander son successor nicholas ii shared father reactionary autocratic ideals brought task equal conscientiousness charm weak influence especially german born wife stubborn determination carry policy favored unfortunately combined sound judgment assassination alexander ii government whittled powers granted zemstvos program thought control attempted prevent spread ideas considered dangerous warnings newspaper submit subsequent issues censor advance public libraries reading rooms especially frequented poorer open received government permission books removed officials ground content correspond level intellectual development understanding simple
stanley returned europe leopold emissaries hand persuade return congo region stanley preferred give benefits explorations native britain british government took interest offer agreed serve leopold steamers traveled congo river reached rapids party cut roads jungles swamps end arrived south bank river rapids north bank extreme displeasure beheld french tricolor count de french explorer coming french gabon established settlement north bank treaties african chiefs put north bank french protection stanley pushed farther river establishing forts trading posts south bank making hundreds treaties tribal chiefs cities brazzaville leopoldville directly opposite congo reminders rival bravery determination ruthlessness explorers point britain germany took hand congo affairs prevent leopold monopolizing congo basin british government persuaded portugal owned colony angola south congo close ally britain claim ownership mouth river france britain historic rival colonial affairs sided leopold promised return sell congo interests france event wanting rid bismarck wishing win french sided leopold prevent friction powers decided hold conference african affairs met berlin end
east europeans encountered situation discovered region influenced chinese empire populous country oldest continuous civilization europeans contact east centuries change chinese civilization china early nineteenth century retained characteristics baffled european navigators reach eastern ports china looked europe formidable power europeans chinese backward heathens chinese part thought non chinese barbarians differences chinese western ways working living governing ideals east west results differences geography religion history understood side help explain course european imperialism east fifths chinese living intensive cultivation tiny plots land parts china soil climate densely populated national average half acre person fed drier colder northern part country staple crops wheat millet rice chief food product south chinese farming characterized abundance human labor scarcity tools animal power extensive water irrigation houses bamboo dried brick stone small built dirt floors lacking conveniences clustered villages nineteenth century western standards peasants woefully poor part produce part paid tax collector
war began late july called war war simply war title accurate earlier wars napoleon fought continents involved war struggle enveloping war properly describe peace treaties finally concluded victors vanquished alike entered july germans hungarians central powers tried striking fight war terms quickly frustrated land gradually sea enemies called allies able achieve quick decisive victory terrible conflict continued brought armed forces killed wounded land germans tried follow schlieffen plan program front war front fighting develop according expectations august hoping drive france war russians completed mobilization germans armies belgium luxembourg france wheeling operation expected paris envelop french armies push eastward lorraine plan frustrated unexpectedly stout resistance belgians quick arrival british forces determination vigor french decision germans send reserves battle areas east prussia early september allies able stand germans marne river
drive independence began later africa began spread epidemic french british belgian empires portugal managed african colonies spite criticism abroad revolts africa late twenty newly independent states africa south sahara independence movement received impetus europe africa difficult economic situations war imperialist countries resources recovery african colonies contributed mother countries colonies strategic military areas economic advantage mother countries afford retain cost africa war encouraged developing native dissatisfaction colonial status beginning european settlement africa africans protested interference traditional ways resented limitation authority tribal chiefs occupation african lands white settlers restriction africans areas known native reserves africans managed secure western university educations disappointed find allowed part governments colonies european african technicians administrators taking leading roles colonial economic development loyalty colonials war mother countries promises increased government opportunities colonies promises put effect immediately served increase colonial dissatisfaction colony set pattern independence region gold coast british colony british government plans leisurely progress government african colonies
drastic change war limited colonial areas parts profoundly affected war countries experienced active fighting neutral peace concern rebuilding destroyed areas restoring civilian international commerce normal order later period rapidly increasing prosperity parts especially europe north america exceptions countries europe experienced massive physical damage war economically disrupted single place completely destroyed northeastern france war war ii destruction greater amount wide spread ports airfields railroads bridges industrial establishments special bombing targets belligerent country cities ruins large areas reduced piles rubble war end millions city lacked adequate diets living partly destroyed houses proper means sanitation millions fled forcibly removed countries movements armies nazi demand forced labor large part jewish population europe murdered german concentration camps worst begin rebuilding restoration lacking spite troubles existed spirit hope demand reform growing wartime resistance movements resistance attracted eager social change socialists communists catholic countries members newly formed catholic based christian democratic parties resistance leaders demanded punishment collaborated germans moment liberation took opportunity put local collaborators death trial
attention mankind focused wars depression collapse empires developments taking place spectacular important future mankind notable findings science brilliant achievements branches art literature steps field religion equally important changing ways living working understand today addition knowledge politics economics aquaintance quiet unreported matters easy general statements ways living working human race early twentieth century brought closer home vastly geographical areas lands stages economic development classes society developments century affected nearly peoples groups increasing ease speed transportation communication field transportation travel important fact half century war greatly expanded employment internal combustion engine power automobiles trucks buses tractors airplanes general automobile roads sped devices rendered safe comfortable features buses put interurban electric lines business trucks took short hauls steam railroads tractors common european farms largely replaced horses united states airplanes later captain charles lindbergh solo nonstop flight atlantic united states france air travel land water accepted getting
routine beginning took duty airways station low stratus clouds warm front mississippi valley spreading central states clouds trouble airways ceiling visibility lowered steadily thick smoke haze trapped beneath clouds forecaster prediction fog mix smoke haze midnight surprising acquainted vagaries springtime northern illinois air traffic battle started earlier intensified steadily weather worsened nightfall airways controlled chaos surely thought going night uncertain professionals tonight couldn wrong night stillness gray opaque canopy clouds darkness closed amid hiss hum radios clatter teletypes raucous voice pilots radioed endless reports requests help service paused contemplate paradox stillness quiet bedlam thought strangers overhead clouds wondered felt hush night began wondered throb engines harsh rasp voices ears feel stillness strangers voices strangers strangers increasing passing minute air alive chatter stacked miles high chicago milwaukee south bend millionmiler veterans checking weather charts planning sipping coffee orbited weighing odds cigarette smoke voices weather lower altitude sorry altitudes request clearance request expedite sorry unable account traffic
cousin arak half younger round faced dark exceptionally elegant manners pretense manners naturally manners bad beginning arak sort complication school bland smile showed front upper teeth separated melted heart stone teacher miss daffney core complication noise vigor prove miss daffney culprit need carry case supreme court prove innocence office cases strapping debating case office derringer principal earthly debates minute cornered strap arak didn care fight justice wasn bright half younger grade wouldn bad grade wasn won arguments teachers glad rid refused promote hope believe winning semester arguments getting happened oldest pupil grade miss daffney tried tell author poem blackboard love derringer ugly author poem cousin arak poem wrote miss daffney worthwhile mentioning names ruler hand miss daffney stood desk going find responsible horrible outrage blackboard properly punished
mother brought muriel odessa brooklyn march remember newspapers full pictures stories dionne quintuplets born months returned frightened cold mother father selma living liberty avenue brownsville unheated room cold water railroad flat cars train rooms line reach kitchen bedrooms arrived parlor heat coal stove kitchen room parlor closed forgotten winter days mother belmont market children stay bed warm afraid cold brownsville heavily jewish neighborhood rundown tenements ten stories tall twenty apartments today call ghetto residents laughed word generation jews central eastern europe knew difference real ghettos playmates mother father neighbors course white jewish mother sense humor appealed white friends roar imitation dialect women gathered bench park took weather english speaking give advice bills legal pitfalls city kind neighborhood oracle leader city island terrible cold getting lost
hour hour gun pointed lifeboat stern sat twenty days drifting covered shoot close quarters wouldn miss realized jumped glared hate guts especially barrett mate barrett harsh cracked voice re dope snyder hold forever re half asleep didn answer stay awake dared shut eyes maybe seventy hours soon doze instant happened pounce water left canteen lay legs wasn twenty days maybe pint give drops bloodshot eyes gladly kill drops didn count longer officer wrecked montala gun water craved tongues swollen cheeks sunken half crazy judged hundred miles east ascension storms atlantic swells easy morning sun hot hot scorched skin tongue thick clog throat rest single gulp water gun authority boat knew water look forward death look forward geting drink later live
flowering thorn sweet air village san juan iglesias valley marys celebrating dark streets empty lowest paid cowboy mayor helping don romeo calderon celebrate daughter eighteenth birthday side town canon road led mountains sabinas valley tall slender package clutched tightly side slipped shadow shadow dog barked black suit merged blackness wall voice called moment slid narrow dirt packed street moonlight touched shoulder spilled narrow hips young twenty black curly head bare walked swiftly heading distant sound guitar flute met say direction trader monterrey buyer cow milk farther north valley marys guess hidalgo dared walk moonlit streets san juan iglesias carefully adjusting flat package prominent squared shoulders walked jauntily street laughter filled house boys packed doorway smiling nodding narrow room orchestra end filled whirling dancers rigid backed chaperones gossiping seated straight chairs plaster walls scene yellow glow kerosene lanterns air hot sweet perfume gardenias tuberoses pungent scent close packed humanity doorway trying ease carefully examining smiling face
surprise learn quarter english words latin language ancient romans street instance comes latin words strata straight happen live town ends caster chester interested part town comes latin castra camp ancient romans occupied britain naturally latin words found language native britons main latin words entered english language religion medicine science polar bear king arctic selection beginning page concerns animals natural science result selection number latin based words word polar appears title polar comes latin word polus meaning axis pole polar bear simply species bear living regions north south poles word carnivorous comes latin carnivorus turn comes latin carnis flesh vorare devour polar bear carnivorous eats flesh eat hamburgers steak lamb chops carnivorous finally consider word camera camera english camera latin latin means chamber generally word refer hidden concealed chamber taking snapshots photographs kind matter
billy weaver traveled london slow afternoon train change reading bath clock evening moon coming clear starry sky houses opposite station entrance air deadly cold wind flat blade ice cheeks excuse fairly cheap hotel try bell dragon porter answered pointing road quarter mile side billy thanked picked suitcase set walk quarter mile bell dragon bath didn lived greenslade head office london told splendid town find lodgings report branch manager soon settled billy seventeen wearing navy blue overcoat brown trilby hat brown suit feeling fine walked briskly street trying briskly days briskness decided common characteristic successful businessmen big shots head office absolutely fantastically brisk amazing shops wide street walking line tall houses side identical porches pillars steps going front doors obvious swanky residences
yoshidas close knit family parents worked hard oriental immigrants west coast easy impressed need industry honesty respect elders money plenty food table evening usual meal rice vegetables cooked fish litle meat hamburger patties rice happy blend oriental western cultures lived oddly mixed pleasant celebrated fourth july thanksgiving christmas japanese festivals boys girls festival dead late summer children public schools learned george washington valley forge grand heritage willing revolt liberty freedom school dismissed trudged japanese language school learn litle difficult language parents resented double dose schooling think strange jewish friends seattle attended hebrew school agreed fifteen freshman broadway high school september stood feet inches tall weighed pounds fellows signed try freshman football team couldn japanese school wouldn hurt watch sat sidelines glancing ingersoll watch frequently sure leave japanese school bell rang
inside poem feelings don put words feeling happy special reason reason feeling sadness end summer feeling lonely family friends nature human nature mood sunshiny stormy raging wind calm serene blowing storm purpose pleasure poetry express emotions open beautiful terrible funny words poetry written printed page poetry meant heard aloud conversation writer reader takes forms prose tell story fiction present facts nonfiction rhyming scheme poem rhyme regular beat meter line capital letters beginning line free verse formal rhythmic pattern diference prose poetry clearly seen difference poetry speaks directly emotions middle ground standing run interference soften blow reduce impact generally sides sympathize group identify character poem central character person poet reader
greg squatted campfire orange plumes order inhale fragrance sweet balsam cascara bark hour moonset watched ursa major cross northern zenith slightest breeze stirred forest intuitive reason certainly sound movement looked wall darkness side campfire barely outer perimeter light stood largest patrician wolf seen nahani coat glistened burnished silver intense facial expression stared moments retreated dark aisles spruce aspen disappeared silently owl despite fears momentary shock greg recognized wolf held head bushy tail high non aggressive positions erectiles rump withers remained flat black muzzle chaps closed chomp jaws highly unlikely greg retired sleeping bag midnight wolf chorus began series songs lakeside slipped hurried tufted sward beach hopes glimpsing pack wolves heard approach dashed dense forest graylight sang headland palisade mile east lake nahani troop apparently resumed residence hillside greg hoped presence wouldn interfere privacy sunrise dark wolves studied move young snapping twig stepping dry leaf crept ghosts timber peered shrubs boulders inhabited shadows shadows greg felt piercing gaze saw occasional blur movement unable locate flesh blood wolf
heard reverend spooner finished wedding ceremony bride groom didn reverend spooner turned groom son point kisstomary cuss bride funny funny spooner talk straight words mixed kisstomary sounds sort funny sort unusual groom cuss bride don expect clergyman tell groom tell expecting funny story expecting stupid joke ok let tell seabees navy soon joining navy stationed seabee paint shop learned include camouflaging lettering crew gradually efficient camouflaging phase eagerness eagerness landed brig started camouflaged fence platoons marched valuable weeks wasted group carpenters searched broken place find station night wouldn lose track fixed imagine amazement tires rolling street perfect formation dead stop simultaneously wasn boots tried roll personal discovered tires holding officer station wagon camouflaged paint tires fortunate wagon found
mike flannery westcote agent interurban express company leaned counter express office shook fist morehouse angry red stood side counter argument heated morehouse talked speechless trouble counter soapbox top nailed number strips forming rough cage guinea pigs eating lettuce leaves shouted flannery pay don pay leave rules rules morehouse mike flannery goin called fer breakin idiot shouted morehouse shaking flimsy printed book beneath agent nose read printed rates pets domestic franklin westcote properly boxed twenty cents threw book counter disgust want properly boxed turned walked rapidly frowning ferociously suddenly turned flannery forcing spoke slowly pets twenty cents times twenty fifty offer fifty cents flannery ran hand pages book stopped page sixty don fifty cents cried rule agent doubt regardin rates applies shipment charge larger consignee file claim overcharge case morehouse doubt pets animals domestic pigs blame sure rules says plain nose yer face pigs franklin westcote thirty cents morehouse arithmetical knowledge times thirty comes sixty cents
summer sun moves heat low sky stir doors late afternoon hush wonder indian boys gather bluff bluff gash naked sand stone upright fifty feet slope green junipers pines going cover top hill foot bluff flat field marsh quack grass grow fed waves storms reach foot bluff lake huge rocks big move reasonless stand strange silent rows waves break outer sentinels field fine high wind singing pines bluff overhead colder wind outdistancing waves rocks freshen play steady roar waves breaking hiss ran slope sand die indian lads island boys ebbing cows sought roaming lads join game ball hard woven fisher twine rock rubber heart grand hard ball bats polished michigan shore fancied island cut honed woods shawn laferty owned gloves catcher baseman wore bases white driftwood quarter ball resort bought played innings lopsided sorry bits wood string flew wound ball
say small bigger vocabulary dog say shortstop knows mean heads immediately stone wall garage driveway runs wall positions pavement stand thirty feet small takes place facing wall feet black stub tail erect trembling stand forever moving step knows shoot hard rubber ball pavement throwing hard change face wall rough direction rebound unpredictable ball comes surface small cat takes straight teeth line drive catches shoulder going greatest skill handling baltimore chop perfected knack catching comes pavement high bounce letting clunk roof mouth sees says rizzuto remarked teach throw greatest shortstop earth dog compare honus wagner count words knows wheelers road scottie named angus claim bigger vocabulary small write words understands book call angus dictionary company comes start reading words wheelers bad trait eternal bragging dog say angus knows word caterpillar don believe
high wailing song carried gentle wind crowded houses pressed thick dark trees flowed shrill thin george washington carver street broke sharp corners melted twilight began boy head intent placing dark feet clear areas sidewalk lost netted cracks song walking jesus sounded slurred sad half light honeysuckle crowding fence sidewalk air heavy sweetness tendril hung grabbed pulled leaves flowers stuttered vine swinging naked looked tight bouquet fingers let flutter street side house painted giant woman foot smile blonde hair holding giant bottle drink coca cola smiled don want nice coca cola paint curled peeled indistinct mouthed words slowly coca cola boy smooth silence shattered shrill cry head flicked jerked breath antique woman clinging bannister leaned forward stared mrs jackson remembrances seclusion age slanted mind boy minute looked street empty looked intensely dared run tucking ragged shirt tail slowly stepped cold flat stone leading house hurry glared porch looked steadily feet mounted stairs reached sharp brittle hand clasped arm froze help inside boy body dried aspen draped fading brown skin
sinister feeling pine shadows sense watching waiting dense trees ahead spruce valley dark forbidding place summer winter silence blue black trees silence spell queer choose place lay trap line week father flu pneumonia leaving gordon cover line worst weeks winter wouldn minded tending line lake shore haunted place gordon bent sixteen turning seventeen feet tall scantling thin fuzz beard showed faint gray lichen lean cheek timber bred knew woods creatures father feared valley filled dread nights valley mile home took days cover trap line properly week snowcamp deep woods valley head sleeping bark covered half faced lean father set storing trapping gear bear deathly diamond stillness night tremendous suck onslaught cold emptiness loneliness began feel things longed deep woods showing dark secret face winter side need hardihood learn raised lonely places grown accustomed
sons sons grown called decided give boys coming don want hanging house waiting die gave inheritance don want coming money want end broke shame son john bought grocery store married settled son jack put pocket deck cards took road jack natural born gambler bad luck jack luck wasn card game couldn play money started hit table wasn beat jack thing jack talented gambling living died jack treated treated mama wouldn hit mama lick hands baby soft don let fool jack shoot flea eye yards cut quick afraid bleed jack told jack walked place saw sitting table look card player jack didn say word nodded jack sat shuffled cards started dealing jack looked cards
newest ultimate grand canyon tripping proclaimed travel brochure found hotel room phoenix arizona renowned helicopter flight walter mitty type daredevil seized immediately fantasy bobbing flying machine inside gusty gorge mile deep filled spectacular obstacles visit grand canyon anyway reservation telephone helicopter flight hour drive north phoenix began cold feet recalled conversation army days couple army helicopter pilots salvage grand canyon airliners collided mid air fell canyon pilots told hair raising stories sudden high velocity bursts wind conditions assignment perilous misgivings increased reached grand canyon passed huge highway billboard extolling foot tall letters excitment sic helicopter ride outfit flies helicopters grand canyon spell word excitement reflected telling loose screws choppers arriving grand canyon tourist office minutes later asked young girl counter uh helicopter trip dangerous bit cooed replied frowning behaving privileged special knowledge accidents lately haven fishing course stunned reply company heard ran helicopters company took crash week decided perfect visit grand canyon pack mule
begun sense special kind individual responsibility sioux oneself family band tribe morning saw start small girl camp road tapping shyly door motioning ahh brother whispered dark eyes baby astride hip born pushed oatmeal stove glanced stable mother milking cow hurried road fast brother bobbing side slowed smoky canvas tipi shy peer dusky interior indian woman bent baby lap noise excitement tiny redbrown face began pucker tighter mother caught nose gently thumb forefinger palm mouth stopped crying baby began twist breath let sign cry shut air crooning soft song growing song plains indians boy straight strong body heart grandson bad arm watched mother enviously babies cried ride hip knew small indian friends whimper greatest hurt falling high limb tree saw woman tried explain
true nervous dreadfully nervous say mad disease sharpened senses destroyed dulled sense hearing acute heard things heaven earth heard things hell mad hearken observe healthily calmly tell story impossible say idea entered brain conceived haunted night object passion loved wronged insult gold desire think eye yes eyes resembled vulture pale blue eye film fell blood ran cold degrees gradually mind rid eye forever point fancy mad madmen seen seen wisely proceeded caution foresight dissimulation kinder week killed night midnight turned latch door opened gently opening sufficient head put dark lantern closed closed light shone thrust head laughed cunningly thrust
spectators packing rome huge white stadio olimpico overcast september suddenly hushed olympic teams competing woman meter relay final took positions track eyes lithe brown run anchor leg team wilma rudolph foot coed tennessee university won gold medals meter sprints semifinals relay played large part setting olympic record united states team won final wilma olympic history american woman win gold medals track starting pistol cracked runners shot starting block raced baton lucinda williams team lead flashing wilma started forward motion baton pass bobbled wilma stop grasp gasp crowd germany jutta heine flying strides ahead wilma scissoring incredible strides began burn track abreast jutta heine pulled slightly ahead burst tape place roar throats din confused spectator asked french photographer standing finish line won replied la gazelle naturellement la chattanooga choo choo wilma rudolph spectacular triumphs olympics bring honors united states abroad december european sports writers annual united press international poll named sportsman woman voted award voted woman athlete press remarkable honors triumph achieved staggering handicap cripple unable walk
june twilight faded night dublin lay enveloped darkness dim light moon shone fleecy clouds casting pale light approaching dawn streets dark waters liffey beleaguered courts heavy guns roared city machine guns rifles broke silence night spasmodically dogs barking lone farms republicans free staters waging civil war roof top connell bridge republican sniper lay watching lay rifle shoulders slung pair field glasses face face student thin ascetic eyes cold gleam fanatic deep thoughtful eyes looking death eating sandwich hungrily eaten morning excited eat finished sandwich taking flask whiskey pocket took short draught returned flask pocket paused moment considering risk smoke dangerous flash seen darkness enemies watching decided risk placing cigarette lips struck match inhaled smoke hurriedly put light immediately bullet flattened parapet roof sniper took whiff put cigarette swore softly crawled left cautiously raised peered parapet flash bullet whizzed head dropped immediately seen flash opposite side street rolled roof chimney stack rear slowly drew eyes level top parapet
friends beach malibu dog call laughing girl cinderella stamped metal dog tag license german shepherd friends brought beach ago lives family mile beach house met family seen girls young mother young father re nice nice dog ago beach picking pebbles laughing girl picking pebbles putting pocket tide pacific malibu coming going getting air exercise laughing girl watched ten minutes picked rock size hen egg pocket moment didn put rock glad rock laughing girl thought moment put nose hand didn drop rock dogs don collect rocks let looked eyes spoke flawless english rock going laughing girl replied instantly holding head high walked tide turned sure watching considerable ceremony earnestness dropped rock sea romping water took hold arm teeth ankle challenged race beach
san antonio southern pacific freight train tracks spidered roundhouse turntable quit train clock sky dark smoky pall thunderheads tired chilled hungry hoped find eat houston nearby small white frame mexican grocery corrugated tin porch held warped scantlings window displayed lettuce heads coffee paper sacks door wire bin oranges dog lay porch door asked buxom gray haired woman round face untroubled eyes spare olds ay senora madre de san juan fed hoboes feed started door called stared dark eyes round hijole paisanito spider stung look sad burdened woodcutter burro don blame bread scarce smiles gray haired woman wore blue dress cut straight knees huaraches told maria rodriguez called maria tepache liked tepache big pineapple chunks talked things durango village populated women goats born homes burros sleep christians read eat spoon women meant live homes cathedrals bells
haven written days wanted think diary odd idea diary matter interested unbosomings thirteen schoolgirl matter want write want bring kinds things lie buried deep heart saying paper patient slightly melancholy days sat chin hand feeling bored limp mind stay home yes doubt paper patient don intend show cardboard covered notebook bearing proud diary find real friend boy girl cares root matter reason starting diary real friend let put clearly believe girl thirteen feels darling parents sister sixteen thirty call friends strings boy friends anxious catch glimpse failing peep mirrors class relations aunts uncles darlings home don lack friends fun joking bring talk common round
dear kitty upset morning wasn able finish single thing properly terrible night poor miserable dragged rucksack money deprived possessions families torn women children separated children coming home school find parents disappeared women return shopping find homes shut families dutch anxious sons germany afraid night hundreds planes fly holland german towns earth plowed bombs hour hundreds thousands killed russia africa able globe waging war going allies end sight fortunate yes luckier millions quiet safe speak living capital selfish talk war brighten thought clothes shoes save penny help save left wreckage war children run thin blouse clogs coat hat stockings helps tummies empty chew carrot stay pangs cold homes cold street school find colder classroom yes bad holland countless children stop beg piece bread
dear kitty think unreal anne enjoyed heavenly existence anne grown wise walls yes heavenly boy friends turn twenty friends acquaintances age darling nearly teachers spoiled top toe mummy daddy lots sweets pocket money want certainly wonder means peter word attractiveness altogether true teachers entertained cute answers amusing remarks smiling face questioning looks terrible flirt coquettish amusing advantages favor industrious honest frank dreamed cribbing shared sweets generously wasn conceited wouldn forward admiration thing midst height gaiety suddenly face reality took fact admiration forthcoming school thought jokes pranks king castle bad mood crybaby wonder liked cycle attentions look anne amusing superficial girl anne today peter rightly saw surrounded boys troupe girls laughing center
enormity twenty minutes horror erupted national stadium lima peru nearly ago shook nation grief anger defies comprehension try imagine happened answer maria rodriguez lost son calamity happen terrible earthquake yes flood sunday futbol game son enjoy accepted unbelievable times domingo bazan curly haired apprentice glass blower injured panic nightmares told tight voice hear screaming faces stadium tunnel wake screaming open eyes think sure dreamt look scars legs remember friends died happened event alive awake sweat heart wrench loss took place sunday afternoon overcast mist drifted pacific ocean hung low city futbol aficionados excited soccer match peru argentina part qualification rounds decide national teams represent continent tokyo olympics fans traveled night bus train cuzco arequipa game poor workers put money weeks afford seat planned family holiday taking wives children game twenty hours game modern concrete seat stadium sold sunday morning scalpers enjoying hey selling tickets times normal prices
remembered emmanuel laughing glinting sun kneeing wagon walked tardily home school ago ride emmanuel hailed daringly native quip sophisticated quip hi handsome instantly scowled dark face darkening don mean emmanuel exclaimed mean helen meant helen helen reissue invitation climbed word wagon seventeen high school graduate mistress fate ten dollar week file clerk forty seventh street lawyer office helen fifteen dollar week typist sat helen bed watched helen primp party memory hurt consolation thought emmanuel christmas tree basic situation changed helen wanted wagon pretty dainty lovely tried find imitate imitate wash helen thought hair longer thicker thought smarter read books newspapers folks talk thought kernel matter spite things poor helen ranking queen emmanuels father mother brother blame family fault understood help enslaved fascinated blame
glorious descendant private boarding school china shuddered full significance suggestion separated america family wailed don want rejecting idea vehemence command added want stay america father dwelt patiently advantages schooling avail moved future inquired father didn care course replied didn want mandarin chinese merchant prince terrific sacrifice father questions penetrating stripped future everthing realities chinese hope find job american society laughed miss mcintyre told plainly president sessions revealed father seriousness infection opened gates part youthful known told uncertain terms loved america east belleville considered grandest place continued wish china things heard kinsfolk country bad redeeming features added clinching argument kinsmen wish united states cousins uncles father tried desperately explain wanted stay home wives children times difficult china compelled economic necessity golden mountains don think re loves family hates leave concluded father angrily
madge ready act turning livingroom lights telephone rang picked tabor identified sounded bad cold madge barely knew small town don stand ceremony apologetically niece eunice stopped town afternoon heard madge called mrs haley course driving colchester tonight imposition ask favor let niece ride madge felt uncomfortable tabor mention colchester road uncomfortable cordially glad give niece lift leave hope ready fairly soon ready mrs haley tabor muffled voice phone waiting porch leave thank behalf hung madge felt twinge uneasiness comes reminded remember turned light car feeling queasy woman liked think mrs tabor driving car night girl wasn thing knew girl happened madge known mrs tabor car started briskly blocks underneath trees lonely looking figure sitting steps tabor dark house madge pulled curb figure picked small suitcase forward madge opened hand door
plays written performed stage live audience motion picture television cameras later viewing large audiences plays written playwrights want say behavior predicaments individuals find choice plays including movies television plays memorable happens sorry wrong number examples include trifles pharmacist mate clod movies tv shows iron mask french connection hand plays including tv plays memorable characters romeo juliet examples include visit small planet kreton memorable character family archie bunker figures prominently kill mockingbird movie scout finch principal character course play focuses exclusively character plot situation idea theme simply elements receives greater emphasis playwright stresses idea theme play plot situation strike unreal nonsensical reason playwright presents sees general condition specific situation affecting specific individuals characters play real fact names important reason playwright interest centered person problems playwright wants general behave kinds circumstances short play focuses idea theme playwright wants show human nature kinds behave typical human situations
ago family driving mexico city juarez highway blowout car turned wife driving daughter killed instantly twin sons andy suffered severe concussion hospitalized town called queretaro ninety kilometers mexico city son seth uninjured stunned happened minor injuries shock wasn awful happen strange country confess staying hospital queretaro felt end family friends help comfort let tell happened immediately accident surrounded mexicans country sombreros rebozos naturally total strangers business suit leading seth car excellent english explained seen car turn summoned police ambulance queretaro driving seth hospital ambulance sped ahead andy told juan martinez asked knew spanish told spoke assured stay saw getting proper care queretaro sizable town primitive doubted adequate medical attention sight hospital ease anxiety run dr francisco alcozer pozo look hospital
arrived kalamazoo october war gold silver stars hung pennants silent windows white brick red cottages yard burned leaves twigs gray haired woman sat porch red hands quiet lap watching smoke rising elms thinking thought tall grinning boy blue eyes flying hair war month leaves turning gold fragrance gathered apples wind cold night left room hotel usual speaking engagement walked heavy wind coming lake michigan icy face felt winter straying early northern woodlands lampposts leaves shone bronze rolled pavements ghost feet thousand autumns dead boys left faraway lands icy winds promise winter early air lands apple trees singing gold night met celestino fabia filipino farmer called farm thirty miles east kalamazoo night hear talk asked seen filipino answered quickly saw papers says islands re going talk earlier night addressed college crowd women appeared wanted talk country wanted tell things country lost country
prisoner warriors grieved expected defeat hold longer give trouble surrendered tried hard bring ambush general understands indian fighting wise saw beat indian fighting determined rush fight face face fought hard guns aimed bullets flew birds air whizzed ears wind trees winter warriors fell began look dismal saw evil hand sun rose dim morning night sank dark cloud looked ball fire sun shone black hawk heart dead longer beats quick bosom prisoner white wish stand torture afraid death coward black hawk indian indian ashamed fought countrymen squaws papooses white cheat lands making war known white ashamed white despise indians drive homes indians deceitful white speak bad indian look spitefully indian tell lies indians steal
eat peaches planned nap sat total stranger fact father couldn remember hundred yesterday kind funny biggest mustache seen mustache lot red brown hair nose ends mouth wore blue white striped jersey shirt tie coat arms covered hair lighter thinner wore blue slacks shoes socks barefoot course home home paris call home especially young thirty told sleep hot afternoon august morning walk neighborhood seen peaches box small store stopped look bought kilo peaches large plate card table sat flawed looked size tennis ball nice red fading light green stem break straight heart seed biggest looking peach small plate front girl took flawed peach began remove skin
think home town youth remember dust brown crumbly dust late summer arid sterile dust eyes makes water throat toes bare brown feet don remember dust surely lush green lawns paved streets leafy shade trees town memory abstract painting present things feel think place remember dry september dirt roads grassless yards shanty town lived thing remember incongruency memory brilliant splash sunny yellow dust miss lottie marigolds memory marigolds flashes mind strange nostalgia comes remains picture faded feel chaotic emotions adolescence illusive smoke real potted geranium joy rage wild animal gladness shame beacome tangled colored skein going recall devastating moment suddenly woman child ago miss lottie yard think marigolds strangest times remember vividly desperately pass waiting suppose futile waiting sorrowful background music impoverished community young depression gripped nation thing black workers rural maryland depressed don waiting certainly prosperity corner white folks words believed
imagine trying follow thoughts conversation group friends conversation holds attention happens minutes re listening conversation contributing realize thoughts wander plans evening remark friend saw tv suddenly pull mind discussion progress find thoughts wandered waiting answer question didn hear write discusssion wandering thoughts techniques discussion parts experience remarks friends remarks contributed discussion dialog kind writing direct quotations thoughts wandered discussion need interrupt dialog record thoughts letter diary recording thoughts writing internal monolog words effect saying person transition dialog monolog necessarily abrupt don explain reader shifting consider moment internal monolog clear orderly logical presentation ideas likely jump thought thought idea triggers forget book days row left kitchen table took forgot garbage
don house girls mother don earn pocket money george runs errands big boys sells christmas cards father mind brother raymond slip say brother raymond fool bigger older lot call brother needs looking lot smart mouths lots say especially george minding say raymond say big head don play dozens believe standing face lot talking knock chances girl skinny arms squeaky voice squeaky things rough run tell fastest thing feet track meet don win twenty yard dash tomorrow subject run quarter meter relay big kids call mercury swiftest thing neighborhood knows father beat amsterdam avenue fire hydrant headstart running hands pockets whistling private information imagine thirty stuffing pal shorts race kids
absolute utter balderdash persons drowning sink struggle surface times depends struggle fact depends entirely convention measuring height mountains sea level measured terms stick space center earth chimborazo peak ecuadorian andes feet everest highest earth round bulges equator sea level fourteen miles farther center earth north pole robert birch scientific american reader points chimborazo degrees equator everest nearly twenty degrees basis chimborazo miles higher everest term members united states marine corps originate recently reference sunburn conceivably result duty shores tripoli kind stiff military bearing marine corps fact applied light infantry elite george washington army wore dashing leather helmets horsehair crests think term coined describe location orginally word burnsides civil war general liked ambrose burnside doubt side easily location sideburns elements turned universal symbol requesting aid contrary stand save ship save souls fact stand selected simple remember transmit dots dashes dots
hearse pulled curb pallbearers carried coffin open doors groaning trying ignore red faces strained push coffin inside mother watching face buried shoulder thin tall dark eldest son youngest dearest doting boys coffin shot head mere weeks ago shipped home mother set mrs deanda funeral director softly pallbearers blond head dark haired youths strained dusted palms inconspicuously mother noticed anyway gestured discreetly pallbearers disappeared side door funeral home mrs deanda stood motionless stiff head inclined slightest bit hide face mama son rested large bony hands shoulders waited seconds longer respect let voice gentle echo funeral director mrs deanda moved head left bowed dabbed eyes flowered handkerchief sniffled sighed tiredly yes murmured jake let son supported elbow turned head bowed respect grief walking alongside step half step ahead grief door funeral home paused dead boy father stood watched loading hearse silence sun slatted veranda half face shadow eyes hit late morning sunlight
strange shop ask sasaki job mouth shut young appearance altogether harmonize job clerk flower shop delivery boy sasaki seen clerks sorts temperaments conducts technique waiting customers acquired eventually tell safe side watched boss readily young glad extra hand busy season coming sasaki undoubtedly remembered rush tommy sasaki hands tied backs things clerk set kind business tell teruo looking job morning glory flower shop set boss concerned teruo reported morning sasaki left tommy hands tommy number clerk tommy teach sasaki teruo going sure tommy tommy florist watch listen boss told young sasaki young turned teruo shook hands pretty quiet fellow words smile disarmed person
left responsibility conditioning plane hands field hotel half hours rest hotel details completed unable sleep night returned field daybreak morning twentieth light rain falling continued dawn move ship roosevelt field later planned delayed daybreak nearly clock dawn shower passed sky overcast occasionally slight precipitation tail plane lashed truck escorted number motorcycle police slow trip curtiss roosevelt begun ship extreme west end field heading east west runway final fueling commenced motor started took flight paris field soft due rain night heavily loaded plane gathered speed slowly passing halfway mark apparent able clear obstructions end passed tractor fifteen feet telephone line twenty fair reserve flying speed believe ship hard field hundred pounds weight thirty revolutions low engine vibrating roar throbs fuselage drums heavily taut fabric skin close throttle look tense faces plane
flew low field circled wind landed plane stopped rolling turned started taxi lights entire field ahead covered thousands running ship arrived attempted hold rest crowd plane apparently understand able conform request cut switch propeller killing attempted organize impromptu guard plane impossibility organization apparent parts ship began crack pressure multitude decided climb cockpit order draw crowd speaking impossible words heard uproar apparently cared hear started climb cockpit soon foot appeared door dragged rest assistance part nearly half hour unable touch ground ardently carried small area position intentions french military fliers resourcefully took situation hand number mingled crowd signal helmet american correspondent cried lindbergh helmet american sufficient evidence correspondent immediately center attraction protestingly reception committee devious route managed inside hangars
summer visits tribe mandan indians living village earth covered wigwams west bank missouri river eighteen hundred miles town st louis numbers thousand living entirely according native modes civilized residing vicinity individuals conducting missouri fur company business living trading house side mandans personal appearance modes peculiarities tribes stature ordinary size comfortably instances beautifully clad dresses skins women wore leggings moccasins skins neatly embroidered dyed porcupine quills tunique manteau skins wore temperature prompted woman wore dress deer antelope skins covering arms elbows person throat nearly feet complexion colour hair eyes generally bore family resemblance rest american tribes exceptions constituting sixth part tribe complexions nearly white hair silvery grey childhood age eyes light blue faces oval devoid salient angles strongly characterizing american tribes owing unquestionably infusion foreign stock practised considerable portion mode peculiar tribe exceedingly curious cultivating hair fall spreading backs haunches oftentimes low calves legs divided flattened masses inch breadth filled intervals inches hardened glue red yellow ochre
mann passed truck heading west en route san francisco thursday unseasonably hot april suit coat tie removed shirt collar opened sleeve cuffs folded sunlight left arm part lap feel heat dark trousers drove lane highway past minutes seen vehicle going direction saw truck ahead moving curving grade high green hills heard grinding strain motor saw double shadow road truck pulling trailer paid attention details truck drew grade edged car opposite lane road ahead blind curves didn try pass truck crossed ridge waited started left curve downgrade seeing clear pressed accelerator pedal steered car eastbound lane waited truck front rearview mirror turned proper lane mann looked countryside ahead ranges mountains rolling green hills whistled softly car sped winding grade tires making crisp sounds pavement bottom hill crossed concrete bridge glancing saw dry stream bed strewn rocks gravel car moved bridge saw trailer park set highway live thought
mississippi young ignorant freer think bit room move think white wasn afraid wasn think frightened noticed bothered seeing lives low rise robert brooks housing project west side row house neatly furnished pies oven books supervisor lucy sit desk answer phone think tell going say things wouldn dare say re part furniture boy give chuckle yeah laughed chance hate happened felt sorry poor thing negro steel mill shot lot tell ya wicked arm say miss pruner want talk somethin slammed door freeze wasn going prolonged laughter telling wicked awful louse soft chuckle don doles wouldn accept dime gonna raise children aid money america raise children seventeen twenty
understand lucy jefferson words counts knowledge feeling say lucy jefferson horrible woman say beautiful say interview met woman makes bones saying thinks number topics personal pride race relationships personal integrity values high schools inter personal relationships cite passages interview reflect lucy jefferson opinions topic agree expressing writing difficult write say talking re writing stop reading write facial expressions hear voice intonation convey lot meaning reads write sees words paper re going try thoughts mind reader mind give reader help important things avoid writing fragments hear saying hold pointing title studs terkel interview counts knowledge feeling hear asking expression feeling fragment re fragment terkel professional writer experience knows fragment deliberately fragment effect professional writers fragment chances ignorance intention chances fragment reveals misunderstanding english sentence basic unit expression english sentence subject verb
rosie knew mother writing poems evening finished read aloud daughter approval cats rosie pretended understand appreciate end partly hesitated disillusion mother quantity quality japanese learned going japanese school saturday wednesday summer mother skeptical depth rosie understanding explained kind poem trying write rosie haiku poem pack meaning seventeen syllables divided lines syllables read tried capture charm kitten comment superstition owning cat colors meant luck yes yes understand utterly lovely rosie mother satisfied seeing deception resigned composing truth rosie lazy english lay ready tongue japanese searched examined put tentatively meet laughter easier say yes yes meant mind say looking magazines japan night mother found haiku english delighted giggle fell asleep reach mother communicate melancholy song
hung feet land incredibly wonderfully sense motion feeling flight traveling air mass fact part air mass wind wind slightest breeze disturb stillness remind movement lay yellow scrub covered mesa sloping southward high sonoran desert central mexico west single fertile strip cottonwoods course rio grande east stood jagged range sandia mountains thinly forested pinon juniper vibrantly blue georgia sky sun risen lighting land soft orange shades desert morning didn flying newly lighted land flying mesa tilting horizon mountains advancing slowly sky spinning overhead remained suspended motionless small open wicker basket aloof tranquil apparently going wanting caught moment unreal observation earth cosmic flight void small sounds reached horse whinny coyote howl sudden call hawk hum chase vehicle engine reached immense irrelevant distance faraway reality easily forgiven easily forgotten experience flight impossible compare hang gliding skydiving wind sensation speed fixed wing aircraft helicopter noise balloon timeless moments utter stillness creating euphoria dream
ballooning easier learn sailing takes hundreds hours flying enjoy special delights weekends buying balloon exotic thrills amazingly safe accidents let fatalities extremely rare worldwide occur result avoidable stupidity attempt difficult stunt things cautious sailing pay close attention weather conditions balloonists check weather service going rule thumb don launch ground winds greater knots winds aloft knots fly sort storm predicted afternoons heat creates unpredictable turbulence upper air sport extensive field play don need course court gridiron diamond airfield marina snow covered mountain slope frozen pond sure re novice soon launch fairly open field give youself plenty room mistakes won want fly areas wind blow obvious obstructions power lines skyscrapers obvious hazards ocean skilled limitations diminish discover fly virtually balloon garage load trailer fill fuel tanks worth propane drive congenial spot neighborhood sun paints horizon lovely pastel shades dawn fly indescribable stillness
chig knew wrong instant father kissed known father warmest kind ventured timidly office took words relax laugh doctor charles dunford cared bent kiss lady black face amost ugly eyes fear uncertainty sadness hatred ten days york chig father decided suddenly wanted nashville attend college class reunion twenty chig brother sister peter connie packing camp young affair chig seventeen summer father asked father additional reasons running buddies diplomas snapped crafty young gals kids kids gals age reunion lasted week packed home father offhand suggested visit chig grandmother close drop brothers going north farther south entered house chig suspicion reunion excuse drive south father heading house father talked family exception brother gl part con part practical joker part don juan spoken gl kind indulgence shown cute ill behaved potentially dangerous
uncle hiram mae wife sat eat chig ask uncle gl absence aunt rose volunteered explanation tell thursday morning left thing knew calling chicago saying joe louis fight young foot loose chig father mentioned driving gl older nearly fifty uncle hiram smaller chig father short cropped kinky hair half gray half black spot forehead totally white later chig found twenty mae chig bring call aunt deal younger hiram pretty chig looked street honey colored woman eye lashes wearing white sheath dinner chig father sat side opposite uncle hiram mae grandmother aunt rose sat ends food lot chig ate lot meal talked family thirty young gl mae chig asked questions lady answered aunt rose directed discussion steering lady stories chig father laughed uncle hiram ate don tell horse mama aunt rose chig weak protest spooning mashed potatoes plate chig trying think lady holding fork halfway mouth looking glasses talking crazy horse gl brung home
months ago copy weekly newspaper rolled press ancient pile scrap iron clanked halt picked copy give casual scanning opening society page glanced wedding story letters appeared foot high statement matron honor attired punk dress chantilly lace accentuated morning lady question waiting arrived office comments wedding story straight point softly spoken short maintained purpose pink possibly punk degree malice part protestations wasn fault wasted ordeal times course week local alderman performed high decibel antics establishment quoted saying need appropriation rebuild brides city week refused payment advertiser claimed intended offer sale modern ranch type horse running water country editor standing skin tough mule cutlet shed frequent readily terribly frustrating completely unable explain errors fault employees completely result evil spirits inhabit thing thing model linotype device treated properly turns lines type newspaper printed
stood railroad bridge northern alabama looking swift water twenty feet hands wrists bound cord rope closely encircled neck attached stout cross timber head slack fell level knees loose boards laid sleepers supporting metals railway supplied footing executioners private soldiers federal army directed sergeant civil deputy sheriff short remove temporary platform officer uniform rank armed captain sentinel end bridge stood rifle position known support say vertical front left shoulder hammer resting forearm thrown straight chest formal unnatural position enforcing erect carriage body duty occurring center bridge merely blockaded ends foot planking traversed sentinels sight railroad ran straight forest hundred yards curving lost view doubtless outpost farther bank stream open ground gentle acclivity topped stockade vertical tree trunks loopholed rifles single embrasure protruded muzzle brass cannon commanding bridge midway slope bridge fort spectators single company infantry line parade rest butts rifles ground barrels inclining slightly backward shoulder hands crossed stock
peyton farquhar planter highly respected alabama family slave owner slave owners politician naturally original seccessionist ardently devoted southern circumstances imperious nature unnecessary relate prevented taking service gallant army fought disastrous campaigns ending fall corinth chafed inglorious restraint longing release energies larger soldier opportunity felt comes war service humble perform aid south adventure perilous undertake consistent character civilian heart soldier faith qualification assented part frankly villainous dictum fair love war evening farquhar wife sitting rustic bench entrance grounds gray clad soldier rode gate asked drink water mrs farquhar happy serve white hands fetching water husband approached dusty horseman inquired eagerly news front yanks repairing railroads getting ready advance reached owl creek bridge put order built stockade north bank commandant issued order posted declaring civilian caught interfering railroad bridges tunnels trains summarily hanged saw order owl creek bridge farquhar asked thirty miles
sky element born sea sprite live beneath waves explore look heavens eyes beginning knowledge kind universe equally mysterious explored earth tenths earth surface covered layer seawater miles deep average miles deep spots moon surface quarter million miles studied detail telescope centuries ocean floor completely unknown decades begun examine exists ocean depths space uncounted numbers worlds reached century likely penetrate sure empty ocean small comparison alive source immense potential wealth control pollution threatens lay waste establish foothold dimension theoretically seabed easily accessible drop deepest parts half expending energy task bathyscaphe managed reach muddy botton marianas trench safely surfaced mile descent hand deep sea environment requires strength fend walls bathyscaphe withstand pressure nearly fifteen thousand pounds square inch contrast fifteen pounds square inch press walls spaceship normal air pressure ocean colony aquanauts longer remote possibility french oceanographer jacques cousteau pioneered designing special air filled devices live hundred feet surface waves weeks
direct indirect context clues write definition italicized word selection eyeglasses commonplace today prevalent fact granted glasses improve vision centuries recently pair eyeglasses fitted empirical process based practical experience scientific theory twentieth century going eye specialist ophthalmologist shopped spectacles ten cent store scientific advancements longer rely trial error methods correcting faulty vision contemporary knowledge technology based discoveries inventions theories individuals lived hundreds ago famous benjamin franklin developed bifocals modern bifocals differ franklin archetype appearance permanence scientific principle remains famous contributor science optics study light lenses vision leonardo da franklin da inquisitive nature curiosity led experiment convex lenses lenses thicker middle edges modern binoculars principle da illustrated centuries ago individuals known franklin da contributions important despite obscurity names lippershey grimaldi maurolycus alhazen huygens included historical account eyeglasses singly credited invention spectacles contributed accumulation knowledge vision
sun heavenly body affect human beings ancient times moon charged causing lunacy statistics suggest phases moon especially full moon disturbing influence mental stability causing moon madness german physician heckent claims significant correlations lunar phases variety biological phenomena number deaths occurrence cases pneumonia amount uric acid blood soviet hematologist nicolas schulz research effects celestial bodies human body according solar activity account consistently fact components blood human beings increase abnormally times lymphocytes schulz blood counts thousands healthy subjects compared results intensity sun activity found perfect parallel percentage white blood cells sunspot frequencies reported month astronomical observatories scientists shown incidents heart disease deaths tuberculosis coincide dates violent solar explosions possibly true solution suggested professor giorgio piccardi florence italy performed carefully controlled experiments involving chemical reactions sunspot activity high sunspot activity absent piccardi found reactions took place speeds depending sunspot activity discrepancies known eleven cycle general sunspot frequency chemists shown water means simple chemical compound think extremely sensitive sunspot activity electromagnetic fields present earth water basis earth makes sixty percent human body sun moon stars actually upset chemical structure water impossible impelled forces cosmos
context clues help figure meanings words italicized article single clue paragraphs fit picture cases clues read entire article answering questions jigsaw puzzle easy picture mounted cardboard cut irregular pieces fitted yield picture fun spending rainy afternoon jigsaw puzzle merely frivolous paramount importance jigsaw pieces bits evidence carefully fitted crime laboratories picture form mean death kinds scientific evidence put forensic familiar fingerprints thousands prints compared found alike evidence shows prints murder weapon match accused jury reasonably decide prints belong person person proof positive kinds evidence indubitable called jigsaw fit court cases including murder trials notoriety proved basis jigsaw fit case means matching pieces material cloth paper wood show originally part cases torn fibers wood cloth shown match exactly instances annals crime scrap paper printing played part murder consequential clue solution
analysis words consists approach methods word attack finding meaning unfamiliar words recognizing structure words compounds derivatives prefixes roots suffixes pronouncing words syllabic division accent context clues meaning compound words derivatives selection follows read entire selection attempting answer questions died bronx york collegian special plans future immediately death body put refrigeration perfusion process replace blood freezing liquid body wrapped foil specially designed airtight capsule maintained liquid nitrogen steve mandell joined ranks cryonics frozen ago wave interest cryonics suspension spread country inspired largely book entitled prospect immortality hyped amount sensationalism news media cryonics societies sprang major cities plans build large cryotoriums receptacles freezing storing bodies idea inevitable future intrinsic problems preventing curing diseases responsible deaths solved cryonics thawed brought infirmities eliminated plan anyway holdback costs enormous amount money maintain deep frozen bodies prognosis positive results foreseeable future catchword societies immortality simply wasn cogent persuade say postmortem revival visionary dream
astronauts winging moon earth looks nearly perfect sphere colorful ball suspended space mountain ranges andes rockies tiny ridges noticeable stitching baseball seen bleachers closer earth smooth mountains valleys hills rolling plains cover earth land surface highest point earth mount everest himalaya mountains towers feet half miles sea level sea level level height surface sea halfway high tide low tide heights depths earth measured sea level floors oceans cover fourths earth surface uneven land surface scientists traced mountains valleys lie beneath oceans deepest mariana trench pacific feet nearly miles sea level altogether vertical distance highest lowest points globe slightly miles compared earth circumference miles diameter miles miles tiny climbed feet stairs story building realize vertical miles greatly affect lives variety earth surface geographers noted main types land formations mountains hills plateaus plains mountains spectacular type land formation give character continents settlement united states patterned largely major mountain chains appalachians rockies reason cultures china india differ himalaya mountains separate
pressing needs food shelter ancestors left primitive dwelling places africa build lives rest obtaining food easy fairly predictable schedule waters nile river gently overflow banks carrying fertile silt ancient egyptians discovered richness annual flooding carried learned raise crops large feed today despite growth modern industry flooding additional lands farming egypt lives gentle flooding nile relationship ways live land climate direct thousands english lived hunters farmers unable read write build community larger tribe today million englishmen including descendants early tribesmen live land modern englishmen manufacture computers malted milk farm powerful tractors combines live crowded cities suburbs lives englishmen tied land climate ago england lived ancestors lived areas tended flocks sheep hillsides grandfathers ther grandfathers grandfathers thatched roofs houses cold damp climate hundreds grew grain vegetables short damp growing season cities london fairly large cities sell wares govern study worship
geography defined science adapts conditions earth surface adaptation street direction natural environment affects lives north arctic circle requires kind shelter kind dress tropics direction affects environment important ways builds dam egypt create lake irrigate desert builds terraces hills turn rice fields slices top mountain extract iron ore pollutes air rivers technical skill grows greater increase population natural environment convenience human behavior divided fields activity culture defined learned instinctive inherited behavior mankind learned school experience die born culture continues milestone culture development upright posture freed arms hands duties locomotion moving animal anthropologists believe upright posture accidental step cultural history hands freed locomotion grasping complex relationship eye hand led larger brain ability eventually produce tools ability language important innovations prehistoric development relationship eye hand language animals honey bees highly organized groups chimpanzees communicate signals language
republic portugal occupies green fertile atlantic coast iberian peninsula large spain land area population million large spain travelers passing rugged plateau spain portugal immediately struck difference lands topography portugal rugged greener villages look prosperous light hearted friendly wrought hardships spanish portugal mountains generally high slope coastal lowlands rocky bays north sandy beaches south portugal atlantic coastline stretches miles shore dotted numerous fishing villages interior fertile plains change gradually move north east mountain gorges cut winding rivers portugal fertile land important rivers guadiana douro tagus learned earlier rivers originate spain flow westward empty atlantic ocean important spain portugal lower part douro river located portugal wide mouth navigable upper reaches douro navigable spain river transportation route douro navigable harnessed irrigation hydroelectric power flowing center portugal tagus river longest river iberian peninsula rises eastern spain miles mediterranean sea tagus means cut river
eastward caspian sea ural mountains find part soviet union average ten square mile climate extreme land deserts middle asia icy wilderness stretches siberia barren rich resources soviet rulers sending young eastern section country huge farms mines factories eastern soviet union mixture races climates human activities fascinating known parts north east caspian sea lies region known soviet middle asia republics uzbek turkmen tadzhik kazakh kirghiz soviet middle asia productive region population centered valleys base southern mountains rivers mountain streams turn valleys fertile oases variety crops grown collective farming system full force soviet middle asia farm machinery modern farming methods introduced profitable results dry grasslands north oases grazing traditional occupation nomadic tribes roamed area herds cattle sheep goats soviet government encouraged nomads settle cultivate soil mineral resources soviet middle asia received special attention soviet planners rich vital minerals coal copper lead zinc nickel uranium soviet middle asia fast mining area major importance bituminous coal fields karaganda kazakh largest soviet union
poland lies south finland baltic sea scandinavian peninsula poles slavic group strong national feelings country lacks protection natural boundaries nearly flat plains cover country offer obstacles invading armies poland helpless pawn hands powerful nations century poland large important empire century country partitioned times prussia russia austria division poland literally disappeared map end war poland independent nation september german armies invaded west soviet armies east poland quickly overrun divided germany soviet union invasion poland marked beginning war ii germany invaded soviet union poland turned battlefield end war found soviet union complete control devastated poland boundaries poland adjusted suit russians occupied country eastern half prewar poland part soviet union parts eastern germany including silesia added poland west losses war ii poland member soviet bloc eastern europe rioting signs unrest led greater degree independence polish communist leaders obtained soviet union pledge send troops poland polish government began allowing religious freedom freedom speech collectivized farming longer pushed liberal policy effect decade
centuries libya poorest developed countries miles coastline opposite italy attracted countless invaders romans ancient times italians modern times libya independent nation government heavily dependent western aid libya desert cultivation restricted coastal areas plateaus oases scattered desert grains including wheat barley fruits dates olives grapes main products tobacco grown sheep goats grazed pasture land majority live coastal areas inland nomads roam desert search pasturage flocks libyan desert wind called khamsin besets nomad khamsin whips thousands tons sand makes air foggy turns sun blue properly protected sand throats eyes death existence libya blessed mediterranean coastline oil strikes desert oil flowing money flowing fast government actually trouble spending quickly improved transportation facilities irrigation projects public health measures construction housing undertaken sudden riches brought problems libya prices shot upward levels higher united states oil wealth filter mass east egypt president nasser beamed appeal arab unity followers younger libyans libya ripe coup
gold coast britain african colonies gain independence picking nation president kwame nkrumah tried evoke glories african past called infant nation ghana ancient kingdom ghana occupied area west africa stories greatness inspired generations africans african colonies turned black rule eyes ghana excitement generated strides education health industry improvements transportation communication grumbling began heard concerning mismanagement government funds corruption high places growing dependence communist aid kwame nkrumah virtual dictator nation february visit red china nkrumah deposed national liberation council composed army officers police officials nkrumah found asylum nearby guinea later democracy restored holding elections ghana valuable source tropical products beginning expand industrially food ghana grow grain rice cassava palm oil cotton produced export economy ghana based largely revenue cacao largest producer cacao accounts cent ghana exports places economy dangerous position price cacao market fallen recent increasingly important ghana develop products export expand industrially ghana built giant dam volta river provide power reducing bauxite ore aluminum
republic congo area mouth congo river south atlantic entirely landlocked country thirds land area lies vast depression middle continent forming basin congo river tributaries basin enclosed highlands east culminate ruwenzori range border uganda peaks tower nearly feet high volcanoes active inactive found eastern region south katanga plateau rises elevations ranging feet congo rich mineral deposits lie congo river country lifeline modern railroad extends south katanga mining area congo longest rivers ocean going vessels travel miles inland mouth halted rapids north kinshasa stanley pool kisangani stanleyville named explorer thousand miles smooth water navigation railroads built shore river navigated reach interior goods transferred times boats railways congo river basin tropical rain forest temperatures generally remain high area located equator receives rain north south equator rain falls half land rises east south climate temperate southeast tropical savanna high grasses patches woodland traveled congo river eastern part rain forest appearance land feel heart africa
location advantage japan helping important industrial commercial power korea location suffering centuries korean peninsula lies powerful neighbors soviet union north japan east china west history korea invaded occupied countries valued excellent harbors rich mineral resources koreans clung stubbornly desire peace unity independence koreans ruled outsiders free history chinese influence strong late century japan seized peninsula manchu rulers china part empire held defeat japanese administration korea extremely harsh military occupation korean independence movement put ruthlessly excellennt roads railroads built aided japan advance manchuria order maintained industry farming advanced rapidly korea resources exploited virtually enslaved japanese mine owners war ii koreans left deep hatred japanese rulers mountainous peninsula korea population million means peninsula densely populated japan mountains eastern coast north wide coastal plain western coast richest farmland korea found majority live crowded plain peninsula miles roughly area honshu main island japan
french returned indochina war ii found vietnam communists advantage country war weakened condition establish opposition french fighting lasted soviet union aiding viet minh communists called united states giving support french french defeated truce finally arranged international agreement geneva vietnam divided half parallel north vietnam communist capital hanoi south vietnam independent republic capital saigon case korea resulted splitting economic unit north minerals industry south richest agricultural areas population split half north million south million division north vietnam promoted guerrilla war south vietnam prevent communist united states supported weak south vietnamese government providing equipment fighting powerful air attack force north south vietnam peacetime rich areas delta song koi red river north vietnam large vast mekong delta fertile agricultural region north vietnam developed coal mines resources support communist fighters laos south vietnam arms strained north vietnam economy addition succession bad harvests produced starvation areas south vietnam industrially developed north vietnam strong economy based rice fields mekong delta rubber plantations
republic philippines lies north indonesia includes islands archipelago small largest important islands luzon north mindanao south visayan group lies million philippines nearly live plains luzon visayan islands central plain luzon seaport capital manila densley populated region quezon city suburb manila capital rice subsistence sugar tobacco commercial export important farm products smaller islands mountain regions inhabited primitive peoples philippines belonged spain united states spanish american war population converted roman catholicism spanish missionaries philippines predominantly christian country east american governmental supervision philippines prospered education public health building programs fostered allowed philippine products enter united states tariff duties encouraging plantation agriculture important educated filipinos democracy government prepare full independence independence close hand japanese struck philippines conquered held japanese liberated large forces general douglas macarthur war left islands severely damaged plans independence carried july islands republic government modeled united states government set rebuilding country establishing stable economy filipinos realized economic independence easily developed close association united states
states admitted offer contrasts alaska jutting northwestern corner north america extends north arctic circle hawaii located middle pacific miles san francisco tropics south tropic cancer alaska largest area states hawaii smallest states equally important contributions alaska frontier storehouse natural resources likely stand united states stead future hawaii meeting place asians americans races nationalities pioneered meeting problems mixed society spite strong opposition factions secretary william seward purchased territory alaska russia united states price paid cries protest loud indignant alaska called seward folly believed paid millions dollars worthless icebox later seward critics shown convincing proof wrong klondike gold strikes brought rush adventurous prospectors roaring lawless town nome swelled sourdoughs nickname prospectors returned home states gold deposits dwindled took stories riches waiting developed alaska stayed worked badly needed alaska railroad alaska highway important fish fur industries alaska abounds natural wealth mines forests fisheries wildlife repaid secretary seward purchase price times
canada independent governing member british commonwealth nations northern neighbor composed ten provinces territories joined democratic federal government territory means roughly thing canadian political system united states canadian territory owned protected canada varying amounts control internal affairs provinces roughly equivalent states relation central government ottawa main difference political powers assigned provinces automatically central government constitution united states unspecified powers states canada constitution british north america act governor general represents king queen england obey wishes canadian ministers responsible canadian parliament canadian brunswick nova scotia prince edward island maritime provinces located appalachian highlands province newfoundland part appalachian highlands cold forbidding dependency labrador canadian shield majority descended families british isles separated nearest group canadians mainly british descent lakes region largely french canadian province quebec recently french canadian families moving east population brunswick presence british french canadians section canada atmosphere attracts visitors short growing season thin rocky soil maritime provinces discouraged kinds farming potatoes grow important brunswick prince edward island
learned countries east middle east africa latin america lower living standards industrial nations called underdeveloped countries live exporting important products farms mines brazil depends heavily selling coffee united states ghana sells cacao india ceylon tea britain united states bolivia sells tin united states europe prices commodities drop exporting nations suffer loss income today underdeveloped nations gained center attention true newly independent countries foreign rule lands longer want rely powerful nations europe north america want economically politically sufficient attain economic modern develop industry large scale learn efficient agricultural techniques industry underdeveloped countries natural resources need iron ore coal lack sufficient capital buy things abroad lack skilled workers experts needed operate modern industrialized nation underdeveloped countries need funds buy machinery steel cement commodities industrial expansion goods build roads harbors factories lack technical skills teachers schools money form loans technical aid supplied private business firms money supplied governments industrialized nations form technical aid loans grants
word prehistory refers written records covers millions begin study prehistoric times examining universe move planet earth let start stars hundred thousand million billion stars number scientists believe exist universe improve methods investigation scientists expect find sun star light heat energy solar system solary system consists planets origin pluto rest bodies revolving sun earth planet solar system millions similar systems universe scientists believe systems planets revolving stars planets support form means sun center universe entire solar system systems earth according astronomer harlow shapley merely planet outer fringe galaxy cluster grouping stars universe millions galaxies galaxies continually forming earth comparatively insignificant tremendous universe existence billion ago agreement scientists earth formed theory earth tiny piece matter spinning vast envelope gases dust surrounded sun particles matter joined larger masses attracted materials force gravity million earth achieved independent existence settled orbit miles sun
ebb flow events permit chaldeans control land rivers seen starting sumerians origins clear series semitic speaking peoples dominated region akkadians babylonians assyrians chaldeans groups known europeans languages spoke seize control land area black caspian seas european called persians king cyrus united persian tribes defeated medes ruling conquered lydia area farther northwest aegean sea lydians system coinage king croesus enormously wealthy immortalized term rich croesus cyrus lydian riches captured finally felt strong attack chaldeans conquered babylon cyrus respected religious beliefs permitted hebrews leave babylonian captivity return jersusalem conquest land rivers sufficient expansion persians cyrus son cambyses conquered egypt king darius persian empire included territory egypt asia minor macedon east india greatest empire ancient persian rulers reputation kindliness completely justified darius crucified hundred persons effort force obey persean monarchs governed justice previous conquerors darius babylonia egypt directly controlled persian headquarters city persepolis rest empire divided twenty provinces satrapies control governor satrap
china vast land worked centuries labor machines million teaspoons tools trying turn richness chinese earth today hundred million live area making efforts industrialize manual labor important machines greater china includes china proper tibet sinkiang mongolia manchuria larger united states area geographer george cressey calculated map china top map north america scale china reach puerto rico southern hudson bay atlantic pacific extensive greater china canton lies latitude havana cuba peking corresponds washington harbin parallels montreal canada immensity china extremely difficult government history control china proper area studying chapter bounded east pacific ocean south west himalaya mountains northeast mountains plateaus china protected frontier north chinese emperor century built wall provide added safety invaders china hemmed natural framework mountain ocean desert barriers cut country extensive contact civilizations peoples china rivers hwang ho yellow river yangtze flow eastward land conditions vary north south north china dry dust blown plains powdered fertile yellow tan soil known loess land wheat millet
development roman church christian monasticism started east west monasticism referred practice giving worldly possessions leaving society living secluded prayer meditation believers monasticism felt bring spiritually closer god beginning early century left homes live hermits deserts egypt desolate areas deliberately led lives stripped comforts ate grass refused touch bread eighty fasted days antioch lived thirty top column feet diameter hoped gain spiritual strength neglecting physical actually punishing bodies able extremes hermits hand number sincere christians wished leave worldly society devote lives spiritual meditation st jerome wondered remain shadow roofs smoky dungeons cities starting fourth century established monasteries secluded religious communities lived entire lives prayer meditation called monks religious communities women soon begun called convents women entered called nuns regulations govern monastery eventually drawn rules prepared monk named basil influenced organization monasteries east west sixth century st benedict founded famous monastery monte cassino italy monastery st benedict devised benedictine rule series regulations govern lives monks
towns centers economic political activities setting universities western europe seventy universities established middle ages important universities bologna italy paris france oxford england universities begun guilds corporations italy corporations students hired teachers france england countries northern europe guilds teachers formed ran universities governing basis thirteenth century university consisted simply dingy buildings rooms unreliable manuscript copies lecturers remarks students varying degrees enthusiasm important lecturers subjects studied varied university general included liberal arts taught lower schools grammar rhetoric art expression dialectic art logical reasoning arithmetic geometry music astronomy foundation added fields professional study law medicine religious philosophy fountainheads knowledge lecturers sense lecturers university teachers ideas important presented students stimulated lectures dull audiences drifted students ages backgrounds universities church dominated elementary education students received early training church schools conditions medieval university rugged elementary school university students fought studied result university town officials established regulations students getting trouble prohibit students carrying weapons city university protecting disturb peace study call students frequent schools acknowledge master enjoy liberties students
moment silence colts munching sugar noisy joel thought bright red apple eaten night wished saved farmer answer terrible justin tis hard desappoint woman nothin trouble began counting troubles finger cows cornfield theirselves sick died afore corn burned harvest afore house caught afire money master morgan shoulders slumped homespun coat looked big loose set store getting money doctor bills pay took breath hankering buy harpsichord singing class words spanked dust hat put head forced smile don taking hard abner reckon pitch pipe end days voice dropped maybe won feel farmer pursed lips thought justin beholden colt cash joel wheeled mister beane earnest
spooned porridge big brown bowl poured hot butter milk buckle eat lively pepper hull joel began eat rapidly eyes darting bowl front basket red apples center table bad apples mistress beane joel glance land knows meal help carry joel tried say thanks porridge stuck throat son won won mebbe high tail outdoors find mister beane milking mighty purty kittens play barn joel neatly stacked dishes selected biggest ripest apples thanked mistress beane shyly hurried gray morning spied colts end meadow stretched joyous run tails floating wind gulping deep breath joel racing dew meet tried shout call names wind rushed smothering voice sight oncoming figure colts slowed halted altogether eyes studied boy air charged suspense joel took apples inside shirt slowly moving closer offered palm hand ebenezer eyed moment forward nimbly helped
reached stanza doorstep swarmed curious eyed children look ma youngsters shout mother wiping hands apron colts ma singing true master morgan hit high note ebenezer neighed bub chimed rumbling obbligato children peals laughter song farmwife suddenly think baking send eldest mind insist master boy kitchen hot meal colts turned pasture watched guests enjoy cooking compliment twas joyful noise listen hymn singing sabbath joel course knows master morgan replied tell composed anthems pleasures sing days schoolmaster sing days wind churned dust set coughing walked slowly trying quiet spasms steadying big colt strange justin morgan ebenezer drew trip lengthened tired early fearful wild animals prowled night sign dusk eyes probed shadows catamounts wolves ebenezer nostrils flared catch scent build fire bed master morgan say big colt sleep
chemist trying find turn touched gold large glass bottle put kinds gold silver valuable things melted fire till found wanted turn things gold gold round house gold high wife gold thimble grandfather gold bowed spectacles melted gold head grandfather cane peterkin family knees wife asking let wedding ring melt rest knew succeed able turn gold wedding ring diamonds set emeralds rubies furniture turned finest gold wife consenting peterkin family burst imagine mad chemist throwing crucible pot heads didn listened calmly story mrs peterkin put salt coffee couldn agamemnon pay gold packed bottles leather case
mrs peterkin getting impatient coffee soon woman set fire began stir herbs put hop bitter mrs peterkin tasted hop tea coffee tried flagroot snakeroot spruce gum caraway dill rue rosemary sweet marjoram sour oppermint sappermint spearmint peppermint wild thyme tame tansy basil catnip valerian sassafras ginger pennyroyal children tasted mixture dreadful faces mrs peterkin tasted woman stirred put worse taste woman shook head muttered words believed coffee bewitched bundled packets herbs took trowel basket stick root sassafras left half air half pay cents currency family despair sat thought growing late mrs peterkin cup coffee elizabeth eliza say lady philadelphia staying town wise suppose ask agreed thought elizabeth eliza
parlor sat book ink ink elizabeth eliza heard nutgalls vinegar ink decided boys find nutgalls woods agreed set pick mrs peterkin put cape bonnet boys india rubber boots nutgalls hard find woods chestnuts walnuts small hazel nuts squirrels walk found nutgalls home large basket nutgalls question vinegar mrs peterkin beets suppose ask minister wife elizabeth eliza minister wife wanted vinegar set barrel cider cellar nice vinegar wanted afternoon minister wife heard glad let vinegar gave cupful carry home stirred nutgalls evening ink solomon john wanted pen agamemnon steel solomon john poets quills elizabeth eliza suggested poultry yard quill dark
meet stone foundation solomon john wall thinner upstairs agamemnon cut window door haul butcher bring cart began pound wall find favorable place deal noise boys actually cut bit plastering hatchet gimlet solomon john confided elizabeth eliza reminded stories prisoners cut free stone walls days days secret labor mrs peterkin pair tongs hand interupted voice leg mutton marm butcher excuse marm coming side door gate kinder blocked making pounding hear knock side door path door asked peterkin working noon regular answered butcher town team cleared high road wind half hour storm true peterkins busy inside house noticed ceasing storm hour earlier usual peterkin butcher left explained butcher pickaxe hand
cow boys declared account variety rocks bushes walk round find grassy places sure elizabeth eliza dangerous cow lot house coming going morning night jerky larkins cows home don mind rush hate cow dash front yard coming home afternoon true mrs peterkin door cow house open directly pasture save coming going boys disappointed cow miss exercise lose pleasure solomon john suggested sit fence watch cow decided cow pasture put end kitchen perfectly easy build dairy cow proved quiet excited family stood round milking watched slowly walk shed elizabeth eliza scarlet sack dyed brown fortnight gardening infuriated cow garden mrs peterkin elizabeth eliza bought kind milk pans size disappointment taste milk
yes peterkin ceiling lifted room effect finer elizabeth eliza objected ceiling raised room parlor floor alteration going awkward room high floor raised walk upright peterkin explained didn propose altering ceiling lift ridge room part tree stand hump sure elizabeth eliza room room elizabeth eliza mind cuddy thing comes deck ship sit seasickness thought rarity divan mrs peterkin thought worn place carpet convenience making carpet agamemnon afraid trouble keeping matter secret piece carpenter peterkin proposed carpenter number jobs chairs house height mrs peterkin nearly broken spine sitting chair supposed rocking chair proved inches lower boys large sit chair medium fixed satisfy family chairs uniformly height
breakfast fairy impatiently eggs bacon bread milk porridge things mother mega names call thems breakfast pterodactyl breakfast pterodactyls crocodiles birds believe grilled course heaps sand fairies morning early hunted found gave wish send boys seashore early morning breakfast wishes eldest boy family told wish megatherium ready jointed cooking big elephant deal meat wanted fish ichthyosaurus asked twenty forty feet plenty poultry plesiosaurus nice pickings children wish things dinner parties nearly megatheriums ichthyosaurus fins delicacy tail soup heaps heaps cold meat leftover anthea meant housekeeper psammead course sunset left turned stone find stone bones megatherium things place tell
anthea woke morning real sort dream walking zoological gardens pouring wet umbrella animals desperately unhappy rain growling gloomily awoke growling rain growling heavy regular breathing sister jane slight cold asleep rain fell slow drops anthea face wet corner bath towel brother robert gently squeezing water wake explained drop crossly brutal brother ingenious apple pie beds booby traps original methods awakening sleeping relatives accomplishments home happy funny dream anthea began jane wakening suddenly warning dreamed found sand fairy gravel pits sammyadd wish dreamed robert going tell wish directly dreamed girls donkeys ask beautiful jolly perfectly beastly dream thing anthea sitting bed dreamed zoo rain baby didn dream servants shut house radiantness beauty complete disguise
robert spoke girls pulling jacket begging spoke angry young duke pretended tuppence call stop pulled fat handfuls shining guineas held peasemarsh look look snatched finger thumb bit jane expected say horse stables service knew blow desponding shortly willum shut yard doors willum grinned shut afternoon robert hastily shan buy horses say hope lesson seen side gate open moving spoke billy peasemarsh put fast young scouring willum fetch pleece willum children stood huddled frightened sheep peasemarsh spoke till pleece arrived things things nice lot coming tempting honest guineas guineas cyril boldly course don don course dragging gells ere let gells pleece quiet won let jane heroically boys
stephen gerard perry fourteen born thursday october makes libra nice guy grades school math straight math fact math teacher didn failing math tests live parents mother jessica works part telephone company father richard works company puts yearbook york jets decides pictures kind type re going kind thing parents claim love friends say makes normal figure thing started nights mom dad hanging kitchen drinking coffee talking low voices re heavy conversation remember ago number dad working post office called decided dad going quit job finish college wasn big thing going wonderful happened think miffed okay deep conversation bit days finally call tell sit figured mom going quit job finish school going quit school job anyway start looking smiling carrying pleased mom takes hand starts laying steve fairly haven
found grassy spot started playing cards earl course tired sitting wanted play ball remembered father earl confidence ball playing figured relax actually say words doubted worth try okay twimsy blew basketball court pass train yard yard empty cut court wasn shortcut figured knew hole fence earl impressed cut yards hi note going names written sides trains re sort checking trains saw spray paint lying ground picked shook full guess wanted show earl tough don thing sprayed wastepaper basket school play patty asked looked train saw started writing letters printed train thousand train wasn blue trains brown feeling kind cocky earl wondering kind guy knew train added making royal
home micheaux house senior citizens breeze met lady named june davenport runs place okay told city going close micheaux house efficent run larger places run place micheaux twenty residents residents trouble help transferred place micheaux house story red brick building converted nice town house apartment building home senior citizens carved figures front entrance repeated smaller version windows top story squat middle block slightly higher brownstones side thinking slightly rest gave feeling human fat lot money floor consisted small offices aid room large hall floor sized recreation room kitchenette type apartments rooms lfoor didn kitchens room place cook store food small library floor guy named london brown maintenance doubled kind male nurse
london took weeks windy biting cold voyage atlantic ship rolling rocking beneath feet say satisfaction experienced rigors mal de mer finally arrived orleans late summer barely believe place existed warm sunny virtually exploding flowering shrubs trees blossoms greenery spilling containers fastened iron grillwork adorns houses streets filled negroes seen london sees dark skinned indians women beautiful saris rarely dark dock unload ship skin polished ebony shining perspiration drove smart carriages sitting straight front white employers protected parasols wide straw hats white maids accompanying mistresses shopping expeditions fascinated asked derry africans stevedores house servants slaves shivered dreadful word slaves tad hear ugly sound serf vassal worse derry gave arm gentle squeeze friendly spoke french english combination oddly accented found difficult understand creole derek explained taught louisiana creole cooking insisted sample
don servant sweet house kind think uncle find hector wife told hector invaluable ways need don think derek rising rapidly legal profession live lady smaller scale smiled try behave proper lady manor thank uncle william left explored house began unpacking belongings hung clothes wardrobe upstairs set favorite ornaments house began started humming pleasure derry stopped stairs sound happier weeks tad nice settled spot cozy spot minutes later gentle rapping outer door kitchen ran answer stood tall black woman white kerchief head neatly cleanly dressed hand held small child thought miss rosemary yes amanda woman stepped door beautiful dignity girl stared shyly large brown eyes thumb mouth daughter betsy amanda betsy say miss rosemary child pushed thumb securely mouth stared unblinkingly mother shook shoulder lightly betsy manners
kilt miss romy kilt re killed lifting mamma kilt holding betsy ran kitchen amanda slumped rocking chair face ashen pale cried amanda nodded slowly waved hand wall kitchen hole torn outer wall pieces exploded shell lay floor mixed unfortuantely contents stone jug molasses table shook set betsy feet clutched edge table knees threatening give heart pounding moment steadied took deepest breath capable let head betsy hurt gently pulled hands head revealing wide gash blood dripped cheek sobbed piteously wet cloth started cleaning wound amanda bring clean linen put bandages re betsy head bad hope correct poor woman feet moaning softly blame wound apparently result small chip shell struck betsy sufficient force graze forehead cut deep application cold cloth bleeding soon stopped smoothed unguent cut tied strip linen rakishly head obvious sizable lump developing wound decided mention
weeks uncle william mentioned length jeffrey howard visit stretched months couldn happier jeff called frequently walking woof marching hill jacket slung arm collar loosened summer heat soon saw pull cravat place struggle coat jeff need swelter account told need poor manners think yankees don female heard yankees noted common sense makes sense dress warm climate cool inside glass amanda lemonade amanda pleasure asked provide refreshment woof enthusiastic greeting sure obvious delight seeing succeeded making jeff feel welcome home talked manner things afternoon july remember july jeff arrived copy citizen read asked general beauregard achieved victory general sorry bull run don tell don bull run certainly um richmond virginia richmond confederate capital gloated american case pierre gustave toutant de beauregard lord routed union troops successfully hero proud proud jeff don tease
february ulysses grant lips epithet useless rarely heard scored resounding northern victory nashville tennessee war moved closer shockingly clear scarcity trade river beautiful spring april seventeenth birthday things happened stand mind received card news orleans met ben derry home office handed large white envelope uncle asked give find open slit envelope drew card small scenes drawn watercolored delightful showed front door backs male figures standing identify derry uncle sure tiny picture girl wearing yellow organdy gown doubt meant sketches grouped large birthday cake candles alight basket lid raised wee canine nose thrusting raised hand holding wineglass feminine hand lifting string pearls sixteenth birthday quickly turned card lower corner exquisitely printed message happy birthday jeff tiny drawing jeff wearing yankee uniform cap involuntarily dear wrong tad
ah woof mistress felt laughing nonsense ben fraser turned retraced steps house small slice cake think early spring began happening slowly strengthening blockade shops washington street mounds beautiful fresh fruit vegetables dwindled dressmaking supplies fabrics trimmings lace buttons feathers flowers impossible find building materials books medicines paper spices soaps items granted brought north europe shipped mississippi began disappear stocks replace piles cotton bales stood rotting docks brought city leave vicksburg sat high bluffs river told possibly impregnable fortress safer young assigned regiments kissed mothers sweethearts gay goodbye marched blithely put end inconvenience parties music laughter joking ben fraser laughing calling show uniform looked handsome told admit consider dashing extremely careful muss soil
say thing dicky play don don read alice don begin dicky added wasn going say going say didn jolly thing agreed think council broke confusion mrs blake housekeeper turned gas morning breakfast strangers sitting pink clean oswald suddenly jungle garden agreed talked till brek strangers don brekker oswald beckoned brothers sisters mysteriously agree let captain today thought play jungle book mowgli rest mowgli father mother beasts don suppose book noel don look read lesson times beasts oswald beast settled
boys put bathing drawers vests able play waterfall hurting clothes think thoughtful girls tucked frocks took shoes stockings painted legs hands fluid brown mowgli oswald captain plainly going mowgli course going stand oswald asked brown simply beaver live dam waterfall till washes didn want beavers noel don let bronze statue palace gardens fountain plays let hose hold head lovely fountain remained brown dicky oswald brown dried handkerchiefs beginning snivel brown days oswald mowgli beginning arrange parts rest hose ground kaa rock python pincher grey brother couldn find talking dicky noel messing beer stand tigers sad event instantly occurred fault mean daisy girl mooning indoors afternoon jungle books suddenly dicky noel tigers shoving fright
country learn felt business knew knew wasn punishment mrs blake punished taking stuffed animals making jungle lawn garden hose punished offence english law think rate punish times malacca cane solitary confinement uncle kindly explained ill feeling wiped entirely bread water endured bread water prisoners able tame mice prisons feel suffered start fair think descriptions places generally dull thought authors tell truly want dull goes won understand tell place moat house stay house saxon times manor manor goes house happens moat house burnt ancient centuries don remember built cromwell soldiers smashed patched
rough dora foot bad took turns stay decent daisy dislike daisy wish taught play dora naturally thought daisy makes worse talked albert uncle church ear ache reading wrong sort books partly read ministering children anna ross orphan waterloo ready willing hands elsie candle horrid blue book sins conversation oswald took care plenty sort books read surprised pleased early morning finish monte cristo oswald felt suffering fellow creature gave daisy books days dora laid alice called council wouldbegoods oswald dicky attended darkly clouded brows alice minute book exercise book written begun end hate room top compared dora sofa carried lawn grass hot dry sherbet alice read society wouldbegoods dicky mended window milk pan moat dropped mended dora oswald dicky upset moat goodness dora foot hurt
sat meadow stream ditch ate snack drank pure water brook hands farm milk fag look thought save sixpence started tower looked denny began drag feet brought walking stick rest wish cart lift knew getting lifts course country white mouse took course live lewisham blackheath learn things asked lift lewisham high street reply jeers sat heap stones decided ask lift cart whichever going waiting oswald found plantain seeds eat sound wheels remarked joy cart going tower mystery cart going fetch pig home denny say give lift going pig lot winked alice saw meant aid climbed whipped horse asked going kindly face walnut shell white hair beard jack box want tower alice ruin
row oswald don pretty quick tell dicky bolt door young cock alice oswald wished goodness held tongue saw friendly let saying oswald suddenly saw want scurried stairs thought seen door top side sure bolts shot sockets bold act put golden deed book alice wanted oswald think clever think moments danger disaster clever oswald demean argue standing staring alice oswald says won let give money days days night knows look let give thought lion english nation beaten ramping brother breast oswald calm turn pockets denny bad shilling head sides halfpence halfpenny noel french penny chocolate machines railway stations
place children going sort marshy thicket bottom field house wasn big thicket looked big trees bushes grew closely ended winter ground damp boggy excepting cows didn mind getting feet wet summer water dried fresh green full delightful things wild roses sassafras birds nests narrow winding paths ran cattle wandered fro place children called paradise wide endless full adventure forest fairyland paradise wooden bars katy cecy climbed hop skip jump smaller scrambled underneath past bars fairly field consent began run till reached entrance wood halted queer look hesitation faces exciting occasion paradise winter knew fairies path asked clover suppose vote katy say pilgrim path hill difficulty chimed clover agreed katy path peace nice suggested cecy want sassafras path cried john dorry katy usual agreed try pilgrim path afterward exploration kingdom happened
mrs knight school katy clover cecy stood end town dr carr low storey building yard girls played recess unfortunately door miss miller school equally large popular yard high board fence separated playgrounds mrs knight stout gentle woman moved slowly face think amiable disposed cow miss miller contrary black eyes black corkscrew curls waving generally brisk snappy constant feud raged schools respective merits teachers instruction knight girls unknown reason considered genteel miller girls vulgar took pains conceal opinion miller girls hand retaliated aggravating knew spent recesses intermissions making faces knot holes fence top wasn easy thing fence pretty high knight girls faces gentility yard advantage possessed wood shed climbable roof commanded miss miller premises girls sit rows turning noses yard irritating foe jeering remarks knights millerites schools called feud raged high safe knight meet millerite street imagined exceedingly improving manners morals young ladies concerned
sorry say poor thoughtless katy forget scrape later monday monday apt stormy carrs big wash aunt izzie harder servants deal crosser common days think part fault children quiet sunday specially frisky uproarious readier usual sorts mischief clover elsie sunday begin saturday bed hair wet screwed papers curl elsie waved naturally aunt izzie didn think pin papers tight clover thick straight locks required pinched hard give twirl saturday night misery lie tossing turning trying side head whichever hard knobs pins stuck hurt fell asleep face small nose buried pillow comfortable gave bad dreams consequence sufferings clover hated curls stories younger children commenced hair beautiful princess straight yardstick papers sunday began bible story breakfast baked beans things tangled mind breakfast children studied sunday school lessons big carry round drove church mile large fashioned church galleries pews high red cushioned seats
hours complete test computer whispered thousand tiny speakers begin bell tone computer asked question requiring word answer student word pressed button question final question answered student signal review hear questions shut terminal recording score technology eliminated need read write boredom eliminated desire amy finished test twelve minutes deliberate errors signal completion waited head bent working learned pay attract attention learning center sat size football field grimy yellow low windowless dimly lit sat thousand students ranging age ten sixteen terminal unit precisely thirty inches room smelled unwashed bodies stale food musty walls door learning center line bored hearing questions amy sat cautiously glanced anita throat working girl struggled verbalize thought front anita sat axel curled seat hugging rocking eyes glazed hear computer voice speaker gave sign spoke hands touched terminal board amy saw wrong behavior lot kids wished fit anita found learning difficult
bin warehouse dumped load bottom tumbled top crawled cabbages walkway didn called help automatic walking falling going door found trying find sorry found fell silent moment took clothes shoes took shoes felt guilty dragged ramp pressed alarm ran run couldn move authorities took hospital nodded didn believe shook head listened finally changed bandage head laughed didn blame making story crazies beat story simple true quit laughing played hospital record told truth remember say shrugged don voice dropped confessed crazy told gave sleep finally quit trying yes tired sleeping youth shelter quick nod crime city asked amy thought finally
half cameras broken dummy units amy crazies stare crazies start worrying crazy yeah axel quietly think grow occurred amy think crazies axel grew scary idea future valory thought amy mind spoiled don worry anyway re going city going don won tell won ask questions pay curious want tried don going sleep night amy tried picture city mind image labyrinth halls corridors low dim busy human noise seen outer shape encasement end knew inside teaching machines eighty levels levels wide corridors passed level labeled halls crossed corridors lived blocks halls worked labs factories corridors saying halls straight end corridors forever amy knew true hall walked ended eventually shop living space
monsieur de treville exclaimed stranger start slapped pocket mentioned monsieur de treville don tell didn search pocket lying find letter addressed monsieur de treville captain musketeers fact yes honour telling innkeeper dense notice effect words stranger left window standing elbow resting sill forward anxious frown face devil muttered treville gascon bit young sword thrust sword thrust matter deals boy catch guard small obstacle defeat enterprise stranger thought moment addressing innkeeper look young lunatic conscience kill added frowning present nuisance wife room floor re dressing wounds suppose clothes bag wearing doublet sir things kitchen fellow nuisance course nuisance causing disturbance inn decent folk won put upstairs bill call servant sir re leaving
monsieur de treville happened moment bad temper greeted young civilly bowed low paid respects de treville smiled young bearnese brogue reminded youth native land heart softened recollection home childhood de treville ante room signing attend dealt pressing business called times loud voice athos porthos aramis musketeers introduced answered names porthos aramis left circle friends monsieur de treville study door closed musketeers buzz conversation ante room started stimulated sudden sharp summons de treville began pacing study silent frowning passing fro front porthos aramis standing stiffly attention parade suddenly stopped front eyed head foot irritably king night gentlemen sir replied musketeers moment silence recruit musketeers cardinal guards cardinal guards exclaimed porthos sharply earth realized wine body needed livening fresh vintage musketeers blushed scarlet embarrassed longed earth open swallow
fury crossed ante room strides sprang staircase meaning run steps mad rush collided musketeer leaving monsieur de treville apartments private door gave hard butt shoulder head musketeer let yell sorry bit hurry afraid tried rush step staircase felt strong grip shoulder held turning round saw musketeer glaring white sheet athos home wounds dressed doctor re hurry cried athos re hurry shove say sorry think lad think heard monsieur de treville laying morning lay don believe re monsieur de treville didn purpose answered accident apologized let hurry important athos let manners bad sir re obviously country skipped steps athos remark brought short look sir country call won taught manners won god won cried wasn hurry wasn running hurry sir don need run find
sake sake endangering young pondered question deeply demon jealousy gnawed heart madame bonacieux accepted lover realized easy find going simply proceeded instinct madame conacieux saw young emerging wall statue stepping pedestal heard noise footsteps cried started running street hunted hare set pursuit overtake handicapped cloak darted alley caught hundred yards unfortunate creature exhausted exertions sheer terror laid hand shoulder fell knee cried strangled voice kill tell put arm round waist lifted realized dead weight body point fainting reassure told love reassure swear undying love worst intentions case voice madame bonacieux recognized opened eyes saw gave cry relief god praised yes god protect order protect cried madame bonacieux smiling mischievously knew pursuer friend fears vanished flirtatious side nature reasserted
monsieur bonacieux bastille interrogated magistrate acting orders cardinal suspected knowing wife affairs getting help wife escape thought surprise draper confession confronting confused matters course athos brought terrified draper convinced execution escorted prison coach rue des led half fainting upstairs room found large office walls curiously adorned assortment weapons room stuffy fire burning grate october middle room square table covered books papers spread huge map town la rochelle front fireplace stood medium build commanding presence shrewd eyes high forehead thin drawn face wore small beard face look longer thirty thirty moustache beard greying carried sword looked inch soldier buff boots dust showed recently saddle armand jean duplessis cardinal richelieu draper remained standing wall cowed stranger mantelpiece fixed penetrating gaze read thoughts bonacieux asked moment silence yes monseigneur replied officer brought bonacieux hand papers officer took papers table handed stranger mantelpiece bowed low left room
escaped skin teeth lad wounding jussac monsieur de treville perfectly justified mistrust cardinal correct supposing trouble brewing quarter captain closed door king study eminence turned majesty re sir let trivialities talk seriously inform majesty duke buckingham arrived paris days ago left early morning impossible describe effect produced louis xiii cardinal words flushed scarlet pale cardinal saw glance stroke regained territory lost buckingham paris cried king plotting enemies huguenots spaniards swear wasn likely plotting madame de madame de condes dishonour privately sir terrible suggestion absurd queen rash devoted majesty women weak dear cardinal king attachment views sir stick view duke buckingham paris political reasons cardinal say personal reasons cardinal god queen guilty pay
answered ferdinand knowing magic deprived power resistance astonished find strangely compelled follow prospero looking miranda prospero cave spirits bound dream threats weakness feel light prison behold fair maid prospero ferdinand confined cell soon brought prisoner set severe task perform taking care let daughter hard labour imposed pretending study secretly watched prospero commanded ferdinand pile heavy logs wood kings sons laborious miranda soon found lover dying fatigue alas hard father studies safe hours pray rest dear lady ferdinand dare finish task rest sit miranda carry logs ferdinand means agree help miranda hindrance began conversation business log carrying slowly prospero enjoined ferdinand task merely trial love books daughter supposed standing invisible overhear ferdinand inquired told saying father express command prospero smiled instance daughter disobedience magic art caused daughter fall love suddenly angry showed love forgetting obey commands
law city athens gave citizens power compelling daughters marry whomsoever pleased daughter refusing marry father chosen husband father empowered law put death fathers desire death daughters happen prove refractory law seldom put execution young ladies city unfrequently threatened parents terrors instance egeus actually theseus reigning duke athens complain daughter hermia commanded marry demetrius young noble athenian family refused obey loved young athenian named lysander egeus demanded justice theseus desired cruel law put force daughter hermia pleaded excuse disobedience demetrius professed love dear friend helena helena loved demetrius distraction honourable reason hermia gave obeying father command moved stern egeus theseus merciful prince power alter laws country give hermia days consider end refused marry demetrius put death hermia dismissed presence duke lover lysander told peril give marry demetrius lose days
leontes king sicily queen beautiful virtuous hermione lived greatest harmony happy leontes love excellent lady wish ungratified desired present queen companion schoolfellow polixenes king bohemia leontes polixenes brought infancy death fathers called reign respective kingdoms met frequently interchanged gifts letters loving embassies length repeated invitations plixenes bohemia sicilian court friend leontes visit visit gave pleasure leontes recommended friend youth queen attention presence dear friend companion felicity completed talked times schooldays youthful pranks remembered recounted hermione took cheerful part conversations stay polixenes preparing depart hermione desire husband joined entreaties polixenes prolong visit began queen sorrow polixenes refusing stay request leontes won hermione gentle persuasive words put departure weeks longer leontes known integrity honourable principles friend polixenes excellent disposition virtuous queen seized ungovernable jealousy attention hermione showed polixenes husband desire merely increased unfortuante king jealousy loving true friend fondest husbands leontes suddenly savage inhuman monster
manner days passed pleasantly young aliena seeing ganymede happy let diverted mock courtship care remind ganymede lady rosalind known duke father place resort forest learnt orlando ganymede met duke talk duke asked parentage ganymede answered parentage duke smile suspect pretty shepherd boy royal lineage seeing duke look happy ganymede content put explanation days longer morning orlando going visit ganymede saw lying asleep ground large green snake twisted neck snake seeing orlando approach glided bushes orlando nearer discovered lioness lie crouching head ground cat watch waiting sleeping awaked lions prey dead sleeping orlando providence free danger snake lioness orlando looked face perceived sleeper exposed double peril brother oliver cruelly threatened destroy fire tempted leave prey hungry lioness brotherly affection gentleness nature soon overcame anger brother drew sword attacked lioness slew preserved brother venomous snake furious lioness orlando conquer lioness torn arms sharp claws
lived city verona young gentlemen names valentine proteus firm uninterrupted friendship subsisted pursued studies hours leisure passed company proteus visited lady love visits mistress passion proteus fair julia topics friends disagreed valentine lover weary hearing friend talking julia laugh proteus pleasant terms ridicule passion love declare idle fancies enter head greatly preferring free happy led anxious hopes fears lover proteus morning valentine proteus tell separated going milan proteus unwilling part friend arguments prevail valentine leave valentine cease persuade loving proteus sluggard wear youth idleness home home keeping youths homely wits affection chained sweet glances honoured julia entreat accompany wonders abroad lover love love prosperous parted mutual expressions unalterable friendship sweet valentine adieu proteus think rare object worthy notice travels wish partaker happiness valentine began journey milan friend left proteus sat write letter julia gave maid lucetta deliver mistress
valentine unfortunately proposed duke lady chamber night means ladder ropes saying procure fitting purpose conclusion advised conceal ladder ropes cloak wore lend cloak duke feigned story purpose pretence cloak saying words caught hold valentine cloak throwing discovered ladder ropes letter silvia instantly opened read letter contained full account intended elopement duke upbraiding valentine ingratitude returning favour shown endeavouring steal daughter banished court city milan valentine forced depart night seeing silvia proteus milan injuring valentine julia verona regretting absence proteus regard overcame sense propriety resolved leave verona seek lover milan secure danger road dressed maiden lucetta clothes set disguise arrived milan soon valentine banished city treachery proteus julia entered milan noon took abode inn thoughts dear proteus entered conversation innkeeper host called thinking means learn news proteus host greatly pleased handsome young gentleman took appearance concluded high rank spoke familiarly sorry look melancholy amuse young guest offered hear fine music gentleman evening going serenade mistress
words weeping wife looked bravely boys clustered round began cheer encourage calm loving words rejoiced fortitude heart ready break gazed dear knelt praying deep earnestness emotion fritz besought help deliverance dear parents brothers forgetting hearts soothed failing comfort child confiding prayer horrors situation overwhelming ah thought lord hear prayer help amid roar thundering waves suddenly heard cry land land instant ship struck frightful shock threw deck threaten destruction dreadful sounds betokened breaking ship roaring waters poured sides voice captain heard tumult shouting lower boats lost lost exclaimed word dagger heart seeing children terror renewed composed calling cheerfully courage boys water land let reach god helps help left deck horror foam spray beheld remaining boat leave ship seamen spring push regardless cries entreaties allowed share slender chance preserving lives voice drowned howling blast crew wished return boat impossible
badly shelter tent night proved cold hot managed sleep comfortably fatigued labours voice vigilant cock loudly saluted rising moon sound heard night roused daybreak awoke wife quiet interval children slept counsel situation prospects plain place ascertain fate late companions examine nature resources country stranded resolution soon breakfasted fritz start expedition objects view wife remained landing place younger boys rouse rouse boys cried awakening children cheerfully help mother breakfast ready smiling set pot boil soup forget jack fine lobster replied jack safe hole rock night father thought dogs things fancy agouti precaution remarked believe heedless jack learn wisdom lobster large want part excursion mention excursion children wild delight capering clapped hands joy steady steady expect
enjoy repose loud barking dogs guard tent awakened fluttering cackling poultry warned foe approaching fritz sprang seizing guns rushed found desperate combat going gallant dogs surrounded dozen large jackals fighting bravely opponents lay dead deterred fate comrades fritz bullets heads couple rest galloped turk juno intend escape cheaply pursuing caught killed devoured animals regardless relationship fritz wished save jackals able show brothers morning dragging shot tent concealed returned beds soundly peacefully slept cock crow morning wife awoke began discuss business absolutely dear wife began return wreck calm save poor animals left bring shore articles infinite recover finally lose entirely hand feel immense deal shore leave insecure shelter tent return wreck means replied wife cheerfully patience order perseverance help agree visit wreck doubt duty let wake children set delay
morning early awake children sprang tree young monkeys begin father cried want today rest boys replied rest rest repeated rest days shalt thou labour thou hast seventh thou shalt manner seventh replied let rest sunday jack jolly won bow arrow shoot climb tree fun resting accustomed spend lord church worship home church clergyman organ franz leafy shade tree beautiful church worship creator breakfasted family assembled round sat pleasant shade fresh soft grass singing hymns offering heartfelt prayers almighty giver related parable preaching sermon leaving allegory pressed simply earnestly home young heart truths sought teach short prayer blessing words brought service close thoughtful pause separated employed felt disposed
morning breakfast getting ready attended beautiful skin kangaroo anxious preserve entire fritz prepared readiness trip wreck called ernest jack order give parting injunctions disappeared directly breakfast mother guess required potatoes fetch supply desired reprove return starting leave appeared turk satisfied harm likely befall reluctance left dear wife franz cheering hopes speedy return treasures wreck advancing steadily crossed bridge jackal river suddenly small astonishment jack ernest burst hiding place lain wait enchanted startling effect unexpected appearance unsuspecting father brother evident fully believed wreck notion put decided stop find heart scold merry rogues thoughtless frolic especially wished send message wife told hurry home leave mother suspense collect salt instructed explain board try bear absence night meant say parted courage failed knowing object plan resolved return evening
discovered provide bread family thoughts began revert wreck valuables contained bent acquiring possession beautiful pinnace aware united efforts required began coax persuade wife let force boys franz unwillingly gave consent faithfully promised pass night board reluctance parted feeling satisfied arrangement boys delighted large party merrily carried provision bags filled cassava bread potatoes reaching safety bay adventure paid visit geese ducks inhabited marsh fed seen thriving buckled cork belt stepped tub boat raft tow steered straight wreck board desired boys collect hand load raft ready return night minute inspection pinnace conclusion difficulties nigh insuperable lay safe possession beautiful vessel lay un able position end hold stowed confined narrow space impossible think fitting parts parts heavy removing convenient place piece piece equally question boys amuse rummaging liked carry sat quietly consider matter
father peter deane known careful living flock sheep took common sold wool summer shearing merchants bawtry epworth home rented land grow corn vegetables needs sell cows goats gave plenty milk worked landlord managed affairs mother named sarah bell north suffolk grumbling cold yorkshire believe place colder chickens died cabbages withered winter blasts married father home visit sisters wrote messages inviting reason couldn children couldn left small cooking cleaning weaving sewing knitting family left grandmother granny meg father mother margaret deane lived grandfather died born mother left look house south granny meg week truth going south mother wanted travel asked sixteen agreed sense leaving home driven
clock morning march cold saying bye love rebecca cart mind eye huddled shawl leaning aunt abigail trying show grief despair leaving young rights belonged parents quickly andrew house help moores missed angry bestirred knew cared rebecca friend didn cart asked knowing saying yes calmly thought found stable rubbing horse tall bay gelding eighteen hands suited thin gangling pair mean tell pain die moment want don fool let silly relatives re fond sheep leave
left village quietly horses moving grass knew wish attract attention minutes left houses riding north road fine track connected london south england ships wide worn path trees side close comfort true order london cut distance hundred feet side highwaymen couldn hide easily takes put highwayman living traveled safely looked poor interesting pleasant rich seen abbey hall westminster think greatest moment rode top hill looked city london pulled horse impatient delay rich changing horses inns twenty miles road speed complaints hard journey sure catch cart carrying moores slower couple healthy horses stops road rest spite andrew pulled sight hope shocked king lives father father
rache remember grandmother sashie sat rocker wrapped blizzard fuzzy blankets shawls evening rache mom dad carried nana sashie rocker downstairs dinner bed morning lifted bed rocker rache couldn imagine worse boring spending rocking chair nana sashie grouchy confused forget begin speak russian yiddish scariest rache nana begin call rache mama happened rache holding nana sashie hand tightly yell mother father quick parents running cuddling nana sashie soft words re nana sashie calm soon told called mama minutes laughed notion part rache told rache told lot things parents young grandmother nana rose nana sashie don talk grandpa violinist conductor makes cry recently ban playing records house music cry raised blood pressure don give candy borderline diabetic talk weather makes nana sashie warm cozy hear wind chill factors icy roads safe rocking chair talk schoolwork nana sashie enjoys hearing schoolwork dear talk friends talk secret club intrigued
afternoon nana sashie began rache sat chair nana sashie forgot sentence going rache repeat previous sentence head true direction overheard mama papa talking kitchen small apartment supposed asleep apartment rooms hard hear interesting going interesting papa mad mad tsar army soldier served tsar army completely discharged called outrage absolute outrage shouted serve minute burn jewish villages call defend borders won ida won joe mother cried buried head pillow cried papa unthinkable girl ten grown imagine mama babies yes babies babies let think moment rache louie half cecile months couldn imagine papa nana sashie faded eyes caught flickering dim memories stealthily color began seep ancient irises deep brown flecked twinkles glints happening nana sashie figure nestled layers shawls blankets potato face melting eyes grown dim seeing bright anticipation mouth parted slightly daring half smile adventurer
nana sashie translucent eyes turn brown flickering dim reflections unimaginable distances rache scissors stopped cutting watched mysterious transformation remember night night asked rache softly night plan night sashie plan night oddly arguments escape quarrel purim festive gayest holiday purim celebrates downfall tyrant joyous victory freedom loving jewish sashie loved purim story delighted perfect justice neat twist end esther beautiful jewish queen king ahasuerus ruler persians medes cousin mordecai refused bow haman king counsel outraged haman plotted slaughter jews kingdom hearing plot esther risked confrontation king spoke save purim costumes music sweet things eat plays carnivals games dances grownups enthusiasm sashie mother half promised hamantaschen triangular poppy seed cookies supposed look villainous haman hat sashie asked ghisa making purim costumes put asked ghisa burst angrily costumes think costumes ghisa easy sashie mother warned girl baby zayde sol countered stay pop father sourly
grandmother believe schools teach fashionable snorted evening rose lessons morning homework afternoon free pleased wet days read explored hotel fine days poked shops museums movies foreign languages sat hours parks watching feeding birds shoppers strollers mothers fathers children rose known children fascinated longed speak part games frightened apt rough loud jokes afraid wouldn say grandmother told learn adult adults consequence didn living grandmother polite strangers rose learned early quiet obedient grandmother pleasant pleasant wasn death parents left nagging fear grandmother disappear misbehaved stiff possessed child china doll girl didn look china doll bright red hair pulled tightly neat braids nose face pointed gave slightly elfish look led strangers expect mischief humour looked closely set chin mouth firmly shut guarded expression large grey eyes
tumbled station wagon yard boys round untidy looking woman carrying large shopping bags potted geranium arm load books halfway yard aunt nan saw rose stopped books slipped arm dear mind looking lord rose cried heavens today tomorrow dear mother told letter monday tall thin boy half bouncing half dancing foot front mother told listen shut george mother re losing groceries boy tall nearly wild looking grabbed bags groceries geranium follow books ground turned stare rose small boys grabbed arms whispered loudly urgently rose sam don rose yes rose rose stiffly feeling eyes conscious ridiculous look city boots pants fur jacket standing pump desperate place hide wildly thought running feet budge aunt stella couldn stay blurted rose aunt nan surprise rushed threw arms rose gave warm kiss rose flinched struck memory showed affection grandmother occasional pats head aunt millicent showy kisses air aunt nan notice talking astounding looked talked short plump overstuffed cushion
place odd whispered dark night story girl plague hotel took say saw girl making bed happened don want saw lady suddenly remembered strange vision house saw flowers delphiniums saw sat dark silently huddled coat listening wind rattle loose window frame whistle cracks tree scratched window room cold musty talking kind comfort companion night comfort sudden sharp pang loneliness grandmother deeply grieve grandmother let close missed comfort familiar relationship known ached leave frightening strangeness noisy unpredictable house held pretended choked tears threatened choked tears throat sore sat arms tight knees fell fast asleep awakened hours later thought lady talked knew wide awake sat listened quiet stopped raining wind died window clouds sky moon full night washed colour black white silver landscape
rose heartsick prison finding henrys cold autumn backyard frantically ran root cellar dozen times rage disappointment bushes house jimmy brian mother looking shut rose shut gave cat shove foot stamped upstairs dinner brian jimmy called hurt tones realized start evening found root cellar susan bear sat dinner silence confusion bitter thoughts monday started school school bus quarter stopped road pick noisy curious children turning stare sat seat school smelled chalk running shoes sure teacher re glad rose hope happy insincere want children class hated playground pushed shoved chased girls spoke drew head high neck sweater turtle answered yes don questions afraid alice gentle albino girl thick glasses
promised turned close gate carefully mouth fell open surprise recognized house sat road night left susan bother house susan course wasn grey stucco shadows shadows frightening night permanent house surprise slanting shapes late afternoon sun sudden electrifying idea began run longer noticed cold hot excitement ran reached root cellar breathlessly flopped crackling leaves studied closed doors shadow hawthorn tree fell parallel opening susan whispered rose closed eyes trying remember mind saw doors revealed feet scuffing leaves trees bushes making patterns shadows yes murmured yes middle exactly middle opened eyes hawthorn shadow left opening inch waited fists clenched anxiously coming move eyes riveted opening slowly imperceptibly shadow moved crack rose held breath body tense runner waiting starting flag shadow fell hook eye latches met pulled open doors ran root cellar garden morrissays backyard
afternoon rose root cellar steps trepidation furious run stupid stupid told fix determined set rights find mean return henrys packed overnight bag felt need extra pair jeans shirts socks underwear pajamas treasures find susan steps bright summer morning sky pale blue breeze blowing gently leaves big maple tree faintly stirring roses wood geraniums cellar door susan hanging laundry vegetable garden rose stood uncertainly path suitcase hand felt bit shy bigger older susan knowledge belonged bold cleared throat susan let shriek rose scare susan eyes grew big round mouth gaped open clutched clothesline support rose rose susan whispered lord mercy give start susan shook head began hang laundry looking nervously rose rose relieved susan didn look older asked sure susan finished moved watched rose warily
daresay cyril coldly eightpence look robert fireworks don want disgraced kids door think wear red plush sundays wouldn wear plush black beheaded mary queen scots anthea scorn robert stuck steadily point point robert steadiness stick think test young duffer cyril fireworks postage stamps suppose means carter tested seeds advertisement blank silence cyril touched forehead finger shook head wrong afraid poor robert cleverness top algebra bound tell dry robert fiercely don test seeds grow feel pretty sure call father told sample don think sample fireworks shut eyes draw try raining cats dogs jane queen anne dead rejoined robert temper move table let tea tray play toboggans
don cried loudly goin carpets don bloomin errer bargain bargain carpet puffik don want cyril found place indignant promptness sell clean whistle wasn clean cyril moths easy cured borax expect odd tell carpet moths left ands hegg interrupted jane egg sort rush children stamped foot clear say shouted call police nice thing customers ear coming ere charging finding things goods sells ere afore sends flea ears hi constable children fled think father thinks couldn mother opinion father egg certainly didn egg brought carpet mother egg put mantelpiece brightened dingy nursery nursery dingy basement room windows looked stone area rockery clinkers facing windows grew rockery london pride snails
boil brains look nearly cool whirr golden wings fluttered fender table nearly cool faint smell burning settled table cloth scorched phoenix apologetically wash reading children gathered round table size eagle cyril head finely crested beautiful plumage neck covered feathers gold colour rest body purple tail white eyes sparkling stars say lives hundred wilderness advanced age builds pile sweet wood aromatic gums fires wafting wings burns ashes arises worm grows phoenix phoenicians gave mind gave phoenix ruffling golden feathers gave anyway gave book destroyed inaccurate rest body purple tail simply ask white turned round gravely presented golden tail children phoenix worm vulgar insult phoenix egg respectable birds makes pile part lays egg burns goes sleep wakes egg comes goes living tell weary restless existence repose
happened phoenix found suddenly settled rosy wild beauty magic happenings common damp brownness ordinary november camden town nursery floor bare boards middle brown oilcloth round bareness yellowness middle floor showed terrible distinctness poor things evening usual try friends children children sunday ended gloom junket supper blue dresden bowl lighten lamb cough worse certainly whoopy doctor brougham carriage tried bear weight sorrow wishing carpet locked phoenix mislaid deal spent looking phoenix bird word anthea sure deserted fly rochester expect poor thing feeling tired wants rest sure trust tried feel sure hard expected feel kindly cook entirely making fuss foreign mud carpet told jane panther cleaned tea leaves cantankerous cat robert shan say think anthea primly evil speaking lying slandering
anyway anthea safest thing leave carpet sitting lesson anyway thinks dream won matter says home extra coats hats mufflers piled carpet cyril shouldered happy lamb phoenix perched robert wrist party explorers prepared enter interior grassy slope smooth trees tangled creepers bright strange shaped flowers easy walk explorer axe robert ask father give christmas curtains creepers scented blossoms hanging trees brilliant birds darted close faces tell honestly phoenix birds handsomer don afraid hurting feelings modest bird hope robert conviction patch vain bird phoenix confirm impression flight circled air moment returning robert wrist path left children wood quickly comfortably girls picking flowers lamb inviting pretty dickies observe white real water wet duck whooping coughed
mother dear pretty loving frightfully ill kind understood things course understand things understands mothers angels pretty children knew mother wanted clever exactly anthea felt uncomfortable keeping secret wishing carpet phoenix anthea inside mind able uncomfortable decided tell mother truth likely mother believe phoenix believe won fault golden bird won re safe anthea chose homelessons algebra latin german english euclid asked mother drawingroom quiet mother real reason hope shan grow liar mother course dearie anthea started swimming sea mother sitting mahogany bureau writing letters mother dear anthea yes love duck mother
count sixty stood motionless bringing faculty mind bear matter animal upwind need concern white seasoned mountain whites wandering country mid october alive heading mountains plains winter lodge left indians end sixty seconds jim arrived probable location tribe northwest modified positions regard season present threat snow probable larders reports activiites mood moved puzzling lone digger indian scouting village banks snake tom setting traps fork stream mention matter jim reached camp full dark quick glance told gaunt wolflike dog moki slept eye open wriggling beneath bush greet flurry tail wagging panting tom horse tucky buckskin half wild cream colored crow mare standing half hidden clump willows stream took longer locate mule jim named wahkeetcha bad medicine reason slightest sign jim stood scratching moki ears whistling tunelessly breath searching nearby thickets
surprised jim nodded set eyes indian knew tom recognize want asked crow tongue big bull shook head shrugged glancing bubbling pot savvy white talk yeah chuckled tom bet savvy white talk ask fer meat anyways looks split grub jim jim thinking uneasily scalp necklace red deer absaroka word skinny didn likely want demanded indians merely looked bland eyes pot yer shirt jim tom drawled gonna tell nothin till feed em tore couple bark strips motioned diggers pot eaten contents big bull produced pipe stuffed kinnikinnick lighted puffing smoke north south east west handing jim makin lot fuss jim growled puffed pipe passed grunt impatience moved pack returning moment small sack gunpowder tossed big bull feet sign prairie brushing palm quickly signify free gift big bull picked sack began talk grunts signs bits english confused tale emerged jim puzzled mention absaroka
meant absaroka valley word valley part medicine dream medicine dreams tom em hoss jim hand crept left braid finger medicine bundle feel grizzly teeth moving inside buckskin crow boy helpers war trail kinda animal fox otter wolf somethin wake wise tells dream meant find fox medicine bundle skin maybe teeth somethin yer safe turns arrers bullets helps shoot straight tom eyes automatically deep arrow scar side jim neck nodded mighty hard dream jim huskily staring dark woods remembering sweat bath afoot high mountain don eat drink nothin hurt yerself knife dream pretty afore managed fourteen took days atop crazy mountain afore fell rocks black words trailed silence jim thought important sleep blackness dream
jim defenses built high double thick jonathan appeared wagon flipped buckskin bridle branch leaving moki guard moved past high battered wheels sally stranger let look liked prepared prepared attack shyness laid hold instant saw stood tense beneath gloomy pines tiny fair haired figure straight ramrod hair mother framed face crisp sun bleached tendrils fell honey colored cascade wore sky blue dress shabbiness jim saw look sally bead crow girls absaroka gawky overgrown homely mud sister thought incredulously moved noting level brows firm fierce chin wide eyes halted abruptly eyes looking straight bright hostility enemy spoken word jonnie stepped past sis gonna say hello heard nudge tone managed unconvincing smile course hello james james gasped jim couldn staggered completely war club mother called yeah jim teeth gor place full ghosts uncle pa mother disquieting heard jim look took braids feather buckskins greasy wipings knife
going show carrying possibles clutching moki firmly scruff neck found dan cried boy dog tellin rest trailed gazed jim brother inquired softly yep dread plain jim dumped pack start settle moki told dan kin pet dog dan moki took readily dan jim sally turn eyed big beast suspicion showed sign flinching jonathan jim advice sitting flat stone wagon feet stretched gingerly front hands busy splicing length rope notice arguin build fire remarked grin feel stumps feet sally grub ready goin dan let wood boy ran wood dumped jim fallen log ashes conscious sally murmuring jonathan moved began talk low tones indistinctly hear boy staggered wood jim tossed half began arranging sticks spokes wheel say build fire asked boy surprise squatting nearby jonnie allus piles lot burn bright
jim roused chilly drizzling daybreak mornings later instantly wide awake habit glanced rifle horse safe looked river today start gorge walked end wagon stroking buckskin beautiful arched neck gazing thoughtfully gorge traversed summer canoe bad fifty miles roughest treacherous river laid eyes full rapids tearing currents winding bending boiling crammed submerged obstacles rip craft wide open walls mountains crowded mighty columbia narrow space rose sheer black water depths wagons entry valley california eyes moved river heights dan soon starting animals trail tom crossed south mount hood nights ago rutledge son ned appeared supper plans journey wild gamble build raft large families animals hire injuns drive mountain turned missing head say half couldn critters raft em jim spoken
remains offer apologies blunt writing say excuse accustomed handle rifle pen pretence grand literary flights flourishes novels read suppose flights flourishes desirable regret able supply help thinking simple things impressive books easier understand written plain language set opinion matter sharp spear runs kukuana saying needs polish principle venture hope true story strange require decked fine words curious thing age fifty birthday find taking pen try write history wonder sort history end trip things owing begun young age boys school earning living trader colony trading hunting fighting mining
happen meet called neville yes outspanned alongside fortnight rest oxen going interior letter lawyer months asking knew answered ability yes sir henry letter forwarded gentleman called neville left bamangwato beginning wagon driver voorlooper kafir hunter called jim announcing intention trekking inyati extreme trading post matabele country sell wagon proceed foot sell wagon months saw wagon possession portuguese trader told bought inyati white forgotten white native servant started interior shooting trip believed yes pause quatermain sir henry suddenly suppose guess reasons neville journey northward point journey directed heard answered stopped subject care discuss sir henry captain looked captain nodded quatermain going tell story ask advice assistance agent forwarded letter told implicitly rely known universally respected natal especially noted discretion
takes days according vessel weather run cape durban landing bad east london wonderful harbour talk sink mint money delayed twenty hours cargo boats goods occasion wait breakers bar speak tugs strings ugly flat boats goods bundled crash matter slap bang china woollen goods met treatment saw case dozen champagne smashed bits champagne fizzing boiling bottom dirty cargo boat wicked waste evidently kafirs boat thought found couple unbroken bottles knocking tops drank contents allowed expansion caused fizz wine feeling swelling rolled bottom boat calling liquor tagati bewitched spoke vessel told white strongest medicine dead shore fright think touch champagne
winchester repeating rifles umbopa ventvogel hundred rounds cartridge colt revolvers sixty rounds cartridge cochrane water bottles holding pints blankets twenty pounds weight biltong sun dried game flesh ten pounds weight mixed beads gifts selection medicine including ounce quinine small surgical instruments knives sundries compass matches pocket filter tobacco trowel bottle brandy clothes stood total equipment small venture dared attempt carry load heavy travel burning desert places additional ounce tells try reducing absolutely difficulty promise present hunting knife succeeded persuading wretched natives village stage twenty miles carry large gourd holding gallon water object enable refill water bottles night march determined start cool night gave natives going shoot ostriches desert abounded jabbered shrugged shoulders mad perish thirst say probable desirous obtaining knives unknown treasures consented reflected subsequent extinction affair
word sir henry hot hot bit shelter look rock tree unending glare rendered dazzling hot air danced surface desert red hot stove asked sir henry stand looked blankly dig hole cover karoo bushes promising suggestion set trowel brought hands succeeded hour delving patch ground ten feet twelve wide depth feet cut quantity low scrub hunting knives creeping hole pulled exception ventvogel hottentot sun effect gave slight shelter burning rays sun heat amateur grave imagined black hole calcutta fool moment lived lay panting moistening lips scanty supply water inclinations finished hours exercise rigid care water failed knew quickly perish miserably
describe grandeur view powers inexpressibly solemn overpowering huge volcanoes doubtless extinct volcanoes fairly took breath morning lights played snow brown swelling masses beneath veil majestic sight curious eye strange mists clouds gathered increased till presently trace pure gigantic outline swelling ghostlike fleecy envelope discovered wrapped curious gauzy mist doubtless accounted clearly mountains scarcely vanished cloud clad privacy thirst literally burning question reasserted ventvogel say smelt water look signs eye reach arid sweltering sand karoo scrub walked round hillock gazed anxiously side story drop water seen indication pan pool spring fool angrily ventvogel water lifted ugly snub nose sniffed smell baas master answered air yes doubt clouds months fall wash bones sir henry stroked yellow beard thoughtfully top hill suggested rot heard water found top hill
breakfast ready mrs lambchop lambchop boys younger son arthur yelled bedroom look mrs lambchop boys bedroom look stanley bed arthur bed lay large bulletin board boys pinned pictures things fell stanley night stanley wasn hurt going called bulletin board lambchop hurried pick bulletin board stanley flat pancake mrs lambchop queerest thing seen let breakfast stanley doctor dan feel stanley doctor dan asked hurt felt kind funny stanley feel fine cases doctor dan eye young stanley flat liked room door closed going door arthur tried door hurt head stanley walking mother ring fell rolled bars covered dark deep hole sidewalk mrs lambchop began cry idea stanley took laces shoes tied tied end laces belt gave end mother let slowly look ring mrs lambchop let stanley bars
mrs mrs jay dart lived apartment lambchops dart charge museum art breakfast morning stanley heard father talking dart lambchop reading paper painting stolen museum says jay dart wits end police guards find thieves early morning stanley heard dart talking wife elevator sneak thieves night dart hard guards stay awake working gave stanley idea told dart stanley dart mother let put plan tonight mrs lambchop stanley carry plan rest afternoon won late rest early night stanley dart big hall museum dart showed stanley large painting greatest paintings dart took stanley room ready took pretty white dress shoes wide straw hat wig stick wear dart look painting belongs big hall stanley upset saw dress look girl wish idea promised help put dress big hall dart helped stanley climb picture frame painting beautiful frame stanley looked picture sheep girl
andy looked lydia big tears eyes turned ran andy cried lydia fixing didn andy running didn look lydia watched turned corner walked dr arnold house sat doorstep cried cried stopped tears left suddenly voice finished crying lydia looked saw dr arnold shoes looked saw dr arnold face lydia guess took finish dr arnold looked lydia asked lydia remembered hurt bird bird yelled dr arnold hurt beach fly hurry cried dr arnold house black bag hurry called ran beach bird dr arnold took bird fixed bad wing bird fine dr arnold fly don bird home lydia feed nice fat fish wakes lydia looked sleeping bird ho lydia dr arnold left lydia took bird home put grass bottom box care bird cool bed lydia look andy found backyard lydia bird box front andy andy lydia look found real wakes
squirrel surprised papa didn think squeeze holes fix papa wire smaller holes squirrel squeeze wire morning elisabeth father big window squirrel climb bushes look wire nt believe saw squirrel hooked paws holes started walk upside bottom wire walked reached top wire climbed ran bird feeder snatched seeds give elisabeth papa idea small basket put fine wire loop wire put nail window frame hold wire loop hung basket middle big window elisabeth filled basket seeds squirrel morning climbed window sill looked basket tried jumps reach high tried climb glass paws couldn hold climbed window frame high basket holding frame reached glass paws basket reach elisabeth squirrel papa bird feeder fill food put ground cried elisabeth
weeks lord garp chest chest took wonderful branch bark gold leaves grew fine silver branch covered flowers flower jewel middle bedelia heart sank took branch common sense girl lord garp weeks fight wild animals looked carefully branch lord jewel tree paxis living tree jewels course lord garp knows bedelia flowers smell lord garp turned red think bedelia branch istven setting jewels nice lord call cheating mind set task bedelia took deep breath bring coat skins animals live volcano scoria lord garp volcano scoria bedelia father covered red hot lava burns fire think seen lord garp week lord garp carried coat bright red fire red animal skins put fine golden wire
george bridge called thing forgot floor bridge spaces snow winter found animals feet bridge feet spaces bridge stopped wouldn follow big animals bridge end parade didn message parade started pile dogs began snapping cats climbing trees big animals going bridge coming scared pigs jumped doll buggies mrs van horn hurried heard cry lost control pet parade true parade going moving didn soon animals owners give home prizes felt crying mess george try smiling pet parade happy police car parade police standing street trying things moving suddenly corner mess ice cream truck noise heard bell corner cutler big black car george knew going happen met crash cutler climbed saw dent big black car
ago country wild land deep woods lived laura ingalls wilder wrote story knew grow days born log house big woods lived family ma pa mary carrie log house stood neighbor farther town family lived wild country days laura family grow find needed pa cut trees big logs house barn small logs fire trapped wild animals furs sold things family grow ma clothes cooking helped care garden milked cow sukey family jobs chores laura helped ma set table feed animals big woods hard girls laura mary carrie dolls warm days played night pa told stories sang fire living big woods exciting dangerous wild animals snowy winter weeks family seeing story read began spring laura morning pa town sell furs things family ma girls stayed home care chores
laura walked ma path barn bits candle light lantern leaped snow night dark woods dark gray light snowy path sky faint stars stars look warm bright lights lantern laura surprised dark shape sukey brown cow standing barnyard gate ma surprised early spring sukey let big woods eat grass lived barn warm days pa left door stall open barnyard ma laura saw bars waiting ma gate pushed open open sukey standing ma sukey reached gate slapped sukey shoulder dancing bits light lantern jumped bars gate laura saw shaggy black fur glittering eyes sukey thin short brown fur sukey large gentle eyes ma laura walk house laura turned began walk house ma part ma snatched lantern ran ma ran house slammed door laura ma bear yes laura ma
started rainy blustery march house mrs fernald alvin mother club meeting daphne alvin sister shoie friend shoie half head taller alvin age roosevelt school known athlete run faster stand head longer throw baseball farther kid real wilfred shoemaker early nicknamed shoie daphne worshiped big brother alvin constantly showed trying alvin shoie alvin admit admired sister determination father called spunk daphne spunk alvin rescue landed scrape kids sat living room arguing miss hootens taught grade wore wig shoie ballplayer major leagues trapped falling elevator jump grab light fixture alvin growing tired arguments put flibbertyneedled inside winter bad weather alvin words describe felt today flibbertyneedled fit picked mother magazines turning pages eye suddenly stopped advertisement announced win thousand valuable prizes reading rules contest shoie glanced alvin face scrunched frown eyes glazed
clock bell clanged inside school avenue boys mrs sullivan fourth grade nearest door burst sidewalk usual reggie thompson lead blinked shaded eyes hand june sunlight hey reggie yelled boy reggie turned head hit face baseball cap joey yelled snatched cap ground flung joey joey ducked saw coming cap hit girl awful reggie thompson girls worst pest school added boys tore top speed crowded sidewalk block slowed started shortcut playground playground reggie building housing project trees began trees blocks nestful blue jay fledglings pulled edge nest teetered clutched rim weak claws stretched half grown wings strong fly bet hit blue jay reggie stone handy picked crushed tin lying wastebasket threw birds missed shrieked joey aim rotten today baby jay fluttered unsteadily nest flapped wings wildly lost balance fell ground
inspector smiled finished patted margie head mother girl fault mrs jones think geography sector geared quick things happen slowed average ten level actually progress satisfactory patted margie head margie disappointed hoping teacher altogether tommy teacher nearly month history sector blanked completely tommy write school tommy looked superior eyes kind school kind school hundreds hundreds ago added proudly pronouncing word centuries ago margie hurt don kind school ago read book shoulder anyway teacher sure teacher wasn regular teacher teacher told boys girls things gave homework asked questions smart sure father knows teacher teacher knows betcha margie wasn prepared dispute wouldn want strange house teach tommy screamed laughter don margie teachers didn live house special building kids
king kind father began lose patience mind asked idea answered prince hulla tell wanting want hear person yell minute millions millions millions yelled sure loudest noise king thought idea liked fun thought history king thing yes try king hub bub busy hundreds messengers visit country hottest jungles coldest icelands thousands messages carried telegraph tom tom car carrier pigeon airplane dog sled soon answers began pour delighted idea glad help thrilled thought living person yelling weeks passed birthday date grew nearer nearer excitement grew greater greater country talked prince hulla birthday wasn village didn poster language giving exact minute local yell happy birthday
course answer question answer parents able help dictionaries encyclopedias books names names language began words names sounds identify likely ago person later began today family family called surname person middle names middle initial addition surname person bernard means bold bear bonita means pretty indian boy morning cloud later earn deer slayer hunting skill today names describe nicknames lefty smiley nicknames nicknames short ways say bill willie nicknames william pat patty pattie short patrick patricia rob bob robert nicknames endings mean annie means ann nicknames young children mispronounce names lilibet comes elizabeth started nickname person special story language comes parents choice show hoped strong smart joyful pretty handsome
lengthwise climbed amaryllis sat topmost blossom swayed tiny rocking chair breeze dizzy height looked garden eyes round darkly rimmed wore black spectacles grew wider saw saw sparrow bough butterfly hovering tulip ant bringing crumb family didn sparrow butterfly saw ant recognized ant friendly creature put crumb stared lengthwise hi re accurate assumption replied lengthwise words digested horrible weather re ant continued aye aye lengthwise replied absolutely awful funny talk ant exclaimed lengthwise gazed wistfully wanted friend wanted fact ask walking share marvels garden knew words lengthwise advance amiable ant began amazing adventures await goodness gracious ant show picked crumb scurried adieu lengthwise sadly feeling puzzled hurt lengthwise crawled wall sill returned dictionary thinking belt certainly visit garden weeks passed tunneled pages
interesting experiment performed insects live colonies colony kinds workers kind worker special job job helps colony bees wasps termites ants social insects insects home easiest collecting studying ants want ant village look grass soil yard nearby lot acquainted ants spoonful sugar ants scatter grains sugar path find anthill scatter sugar watch ants hand lens try procedure fine grass seed try bits crumbled fried bacon drops syrup find ants eat follow ants regular trails carry bits sugar food ants carrying holes carrying bumping discover things ants simply watching anthills want find goes ants homes underground ant village quart glass mason jar metal screw top remove sealer lid place sealer cut circles fine window screen size sealer find anthill large spoon carefully fill jar fourths full earth anthill
ong mrs plumley friends place blamed holly caught cold fell pond truth mrs plumley didn approve wild geese flew night making racket jammed automobile horn waking sound sleep going altogether nasty snake creatures tracked ground kitchen nerve absolute nerve knock door ong part didn think mrs plumley odd red feathers stood straight head knocked door beak holly captain wanted mrs plumley happened answer waved apron cried shoo shoo voice loud mosquito ong grew larger feud saw door mrs plumley took broom chased shoo nasty creature cried waving straw broom shoo honk honk protested ong waddled dignity warm june ong occasion bites green tomatoes growing garden mrs plumley took broom chased pen russet apple tree suddenly ong halted black neck twisted indignant manner wings large strong began beat rushed enemy beak open hissing angrily mrs plumley surprised didn waved broom vain turned ran ong pursuing hissing leaky tire
lively grandmother brisk grandfather seventy say re feel cheerful truth cat twenty feel hunting mice field mouse finds finish winter simple creatures live sea anemone known english biologist sixty merry sea anemone spends attached rock creep foot pedal disk goes slowly move mayfly lives fly light air dancing clam live twenty wants clam salamander live half century eagle live soaring mountain forest reaches heights adventure experience impossible cold blooded salamanders length measure put matters live creatures precious struggle fight end winners game endurance admired exaggerate ages animals hard sure wild creatures records animals pets exact easy boast pet age
goldfish lived sea days fish lived perfectly happy care avoid net floated water fish warned king neptune father avoid net days told goldfish enjoyed glorious swimming days days blue green water swam low close sand shells pearls coral big rocks anemones grew clusters gay flowers seaweed waved frills fans red green yellow swam high surface sea whitecaps chased waves rose mountains glass tumbled crash goldfish top saw swimming bright blue water gold fish fish golden round jellyfish times distant water dark blue bright saw silver fish met fish sea round shape times swim sideways water pointed silver fins goldfish felt jealous gold fish silver fish fell love sight longed able swim tried queer happened lose breath gasp sank ocean deep silver fish longer
snake met buzzards sitting rock fortunate travel air stomach ground wonderful sail blue sky flying flying looking unlucky crawling crawling ground takes short distance zzzssst think place nearly buzzards listened snake felt sorry kind birds kill help animals mankind cleaning country tried snake contented lot younger buzzard yes flying pleasant pretty air closer blue sky ground true older bird things pretty look tiresome living air welcome ground afraid aha yes sighed snake heart fellows nature bird fly wonderful buzzards drew closer stone sitting heels cowboys began think hard certainly impossible fly buzzard ride air
fourth anansi pot beans cooking fire smelled beans looked pot couldn stand longer took large spoon dipped large portion beans thinking quiet place eat knowing dog guinea fowl rabbit returned place food cooking hide beans anansi quickly poured hat put head pot ate saying anansi eat kind hot beans burning head jiggled hat hands saw looking moment village hat shaking festival taking place shake hat honor occasion beans felt hotter jiggled hat began jump pain village hat shaking dance danced jiggling hat heat yearned hat friends beans shouted shaking jiggling hats village festival kwaku anansi eat anansi jumping writhing heat beans head shouted shaking hats wriggling hats jumping village need
early morning sun splashed brightly window james forten barely outline mainsail chalked floor sail loft spring young james son sailmaker james black children philadelphia school schools took black children fifteen american revolution james signed privateer called royal louis powder boy ship captured british james prisoner prison ship jersey months james seventeen signed ship bound england worked shipping company stevedore english harbors saw slave ships transported kidnaped africans america met friendly deeply believed evil practice fought james forten returned philadelphia later brought firm belief slavery felt free black class citizens james rose apprentice foreman largest sail lofts philadelphia record twenty olds match forty sailmakers loft half white half black james cut sails stopping lunch james quickly grasped principles sailmaking sail drawing stage canvasses sewn roped ready bent fastened mast wonder employer praised skill energy conduct
evening october charlotte forten boarded ship york harbor st helena island waiting thousands slaves school teachers badly needed charlotte forten volunteer morning charlotte forten strolled deck looking forward lay ahead boat pulled slowly pier met passenger lizzie hunn women found chairs deck talked finally charlotte forten began sleepy found cabin inside air hot stale breathe falling asleep tossed turned bunk night soon light morning deck lizzie hunn standing rail sleep charlotte asked lizzie hunn shook head awful night tonight going sleep chair deck feel fresh air sounds idea charlotte forten think join lunch women ate apples dry crackers night found nook deck wrapped shawls watched sea rushing moon reflected water charlotte forten think going happy voyage sky dark stormy ship rolled badly charlotte forten read rain began fall forced cabin
inside hour strange figures appeared kitchen door live breathe emilie space space suits familiar voice emilie jeems polly re wearing suits filter bacteria upstairs girls room space suits inclined helmets polly bed silence boss spoke scarcely believe jeems beautiful face mass runny sores let jeems polly hideous sight watched rolled eyes heaved aimlessly moaned horribly yes yes awful end excellent idea point laying blame thought thing obvious think jeems afraid nonsense wear space helmet disguise air car destroy afterward machine secrecy house burned moment girls whisked air car quickly rode meadow sleigh horses waited jeems sprang front sleigh rumbling noise beginning thunder falling tilted dangerously shed dark horses stamping echoed loudly ladies jeems shed door opened sleigh moved night bitter cold empty snowfields glittered moonlight roads covered packed snow
big desta charge father cows charge desta walked cows pet monkey jima sat arm desta stand things big dog jumped jima monkey climbed tree desta couldn monkey desta upset began cry cried cows began run soon desta forgot cows wanted find pet monkey jima don cry owner dog dogs hunt monkeys run game pay monkey put game desta arm road desta saw sitting fire maybe knew jima desta ran tripped sleeping fire game fell hands fire feet sleeping fire sorry game fire brighter pot pay game put pot desta head quick look showed desta jima wasn maybe horrible happened jima thought desta stand find desta ran small town maybe jima
pipsa girl lived family small village pipsa brothers older pipsa small pipsa father proud sons proud older swim didn notice pipsa took care small brother father proud older sons fished didn notice berries pipsa picked pipsa father proud older sons hunt home lots birds rabbits didn notice pipsa helped mother clothes pipsa father fathers showed sons things proud sons told told pipsa proud pipsa mother proud times pipsa spring pipsa helped mother plant corn beans brothers loved eat help planting pipsa wait spring seeds small box sunflower seeds pipsa picked seeds fall family village pipsa seen sunflowers flowers grew big wait plant seeds girls village shown pipsa cakes seeds told pipsa wonderful oil girls village put sunflower oil hair spring pipsa going grow sunflowers
park live think park park happen planned happen frederick olmstead planned parks lived ago lived cities big knew cities grow knew lived cities need parks need places play games need places walk frederick planned beautiful parks planned parks trees flowers frederick think parks friends frederick going find ask frederick school stay worked store didn took trip europe stayed europe frederick home europe farm liked farmer friends thought frederick found likes father happy father frederick farm frederick farmer soon took trip europe wrote book trip wrote wonderful parks saw cities frederick country tried farm didn farm frederick tried kinds find thing liked
night spring street hall filled butch martin stage walked microphone grew quiet martin began speech hear yelled ran stage looked microphone wasn working butch watched microphone plug plugged thought ran wall outlets microphone plugged outlets outlet butch took plug tried fit outlet plug didn fit tried happened lights hall lights cried turn lights light moved wall outlets turned light butch butch microphone plug hand called boy fooling plugs mrs stein hurrying butch cried broke rally lights tonight martin speech mrs stein night election speech dark leaving leaving soon rally butch home mother father say thing home martin walk mrs martin house butch stayed began feel sorry butch tried cry
re apples king sam re tree king oscar apples fall land king sam apples tree tree stands land yelled king oscar apples tree fall land king sam apples re king oscar king sam king oscar king sam means war mean war ready king oscar falls tuesday king sam king oscar morning king sam called william find king oscar ready war tomorrow king war tomorrow birthday william re forgot call war minute promise promise king william party birthday asked king sam upset wanted promise didn hide king hide william run king sam king runs william say sick aunt sick broke leg king sam william acted didn hear william william king sam asked william war birthday party birthday party war idea king sam party war war party mind going sleep think morning
surprised learn origin science lies supernatural thousand ago lacked knowledge explain universe workings scientific terms early forces nature powerful inexplainable origin control exist beings powerful undoubtedly reasoning led establishment primitive religions belief happenings controlling influence spirits gods primitive cultures believed events beneficial human welfare werecontrolled benevolent spirits spirits bringing sickness death evil malicious appeared exceedingly unpredictable friendly moment hostile impulsive character beings explained gentle rain develop disastrous flood origin myths early held hope understanding gods attempt appease influence creation rites rituals fig instance earliest farmers believed phenomenon rainfall similar sexual act sex rainfall fertilization reproduction growth early cultures believed sex rainfall control identical similar gods farmers explain phenomenon rainfall discovered god rite cultures attempts bring rain accompanied rituals involving intense sexual activity occasions ritual appeared succeed rains days ritual results reinforced idea sex rainfall related unseen spirits influenced
major categories defined sharply linnean kingdoms part scheme important advantage nearly line known evolutionary structural characteristics existing organisms book unqualified reference plants animals restricted mean plantae animalia golden alga regarded plant protozoan animal organisms identified protists passing highest level lower taxonomic ranks classification tends progressively natural evolutionary knowledge complete structural evolutionary data dovetail lower levels taxonomy tends actual real interrelation organisms notable exceptions notwithstanding phylum generally defined largest group organisms common ancestry demonstrated reasonably characterized common basically unique body construction table phyla represent familiar categories organisms named distinctive anatomic features phylum chordata includes animals possessing internal skeletal support notochord embryos phylum subphylum vertebrates characterized presence vertebral column vertebrate subphylum classes represented mammals animals share possession vertebral column vertebrate classes birds reptiles amphibia classes fishes mammals set vertebrate classes possession hair nursing young milk class distinguishing traits
water oxygen minerals foods commonly enter leave cells simple diffusion substances carried special transport mechanisms sugars amino acids nucleotides ions diffuse cell membranes concentration side greatly exceeds transported compounds bind carrier molecule surface membrane permeability characteristics cell membrane determined partly types numbers carrier molecules present membrane nonprotein carrier molecules isolated identified carriers enzymelike proteins called permeases substances transported carrier molecules regions higher concentration regions lower concentration form transport called facilitated diffusion implies carrier molecules facilitate diffusion substances cells altering direction substances tend move cases carrier molecules transport substances uphill regions lower concentration regions greater concentration contrast facilitated diffusion process requires expenditure energy cells called active transport source energy atp root hair cells plants absorb dissolved inorganic nutrients concentration materials higher inside cells soil pumping materials cell membranes active transport ceases cells prevented energy stored atp substances transported membranes glucose amino acids enter cells facilitated diffusion circumstances active transport
ocean basins provide major habitats marine stratified horizontally vertically sea floor shore edge continental shelf forms littoral zone fig sea floor continental slope abyssal plain represents benthonic zone water fills ocean basin pelagic zone sunlight penetrates water average depth ft ft seas respect sunlight oceans stratified vertically zones found deep lakes photosynthesizing organisms exist sunlit photic zone animal directly dependent organisms remain surface sharp contrast dark aphotic zone totally free photosynthetic organisms animals bacteria possibly fungi basis relationship habitats marine classified generally plankton nekton benthos plankton collective term phyto zooplankton includes drifting floating organisms lakes microscopic found largely photic zone forms locomotor structures weak small counteract water currents fig nekton comprises strong swimmers capable changing stations nektonic types animals found surface sea depths benthos consists crawling creeping attached organisms found sides bottom ocean basin phytoplankton surface oceans includes teeming trillions algae group synthesize food land plants combined vegetation represents richest pasture earth directly indirectly forms nutritional basis marine
describe problems expected offer solutions difficult devise specific plan eliminate deleterious impact organization living systems solutions exist solutions precipitate significant social cultural desirability involves judgments pointed chap issues involving judgments lie realm science decisions relating issues involve participation decisions relative solving problems pollution human population growth problems global scope suffering consequences permitting untreated bound simply common biological ancestry philosophic dreams oneness directly atmosphere water food producing soil ancient query brother keeper demands practical answer today view lack meaningful response recommendations united nations food council report presidential commission hunger reason doubt rapid future progress global solution problem solutions remain reduction numbers nuclear catastrophe conventional wars longer destructive affect global population growth natural solution ecosystem balances accord large scale periodic waves famine death food supply falls minimum sustenance levels
according united nations estimates food production raised levels provide amount food person projected living similar conclusions reached study groups including department agriculture university california food task force estimate developed countries require percent increase food production maintain capita consumption poorer nations require cent increase slower population growth china require cent increase countries growing faster rates iran iraq nigeria thailand require food increased demand food met methods producing food proposed partial solutions worsening food crisis eventually increase availability food approach appears costly unproductive harvesting substantially greater amounts food open sea marine biologists measured productivity regions ocean environment fig open sea makes cent total surface area marine habitats essentially biological desert photosynthesis occurs comparatively shallow photic zone thermoclines prevent upwelling large amounts photosynthesis supporting nutrients chap proposals increase productivity phytoplankton pumping nutrients surface open seas bottom sediments costs schemes prohibitive rich harvests marine guaranteed
beginning students science perceive scientists brillant austere professional lives interesting devoid emotion examination science journals appears lend credence view research publications highly structured scholarly reports intentionally avoid conveying emotion excitement experienced scientists conducted research scientists real automatons science human invention practiced human beings display noble ignoble traits feelings frustrations jealousy pride despair ecstasy rage common scientists thespians musicians business executives lawyers story search eventual isolation hypothalamic hormones illustrates particulatly scientific research human highly competitve activity scientists andrew schally roger guillemin led controversial effort extract identify hypothalamic secretions regulate release hormones anterior pituitary table hypothalamic hormone isolated tsh identification culminated search characterized intense bitter rivalry research teams headed schally guillemin fig scientists subjected barrage criticism period turn subjected skepticism mockery colleagues search began guillemin schally discovered independently anterior pituitary tissue test tube produce hormones cultured jointly hypothalamic tissue discovery provided evidence support hypothesis proposed english biologist geoffrey harris suggested hypothalamus controls secretion pituitary hormones releasing chemical messengers network interconnecting blood vessels
excretory systems named adequately elimination wastes functions selectively adjust internal concentrations large variety substances organism waste moment precisely excretory system determine basic wastes excess water excess salts ammonia nitrogenous products metabolism animals ammonia derivatives toxic wastes amounts excreted mainly breathing surfaces largely waste water salts difference waste nonwaste difference amount kind paramecium unicellular organism adapted freshwater habitats large amounts water excreted concentrations water higher inside organism water moves cell osmosis water accumulating inside cell excreted paramecium burst paramecia unicellular organisms eliminate excess water specialized excretory organelles called contractile vacuoles fig spherical star shaped structures pumping cycles fill water dissolved wastes contract ejecting contents vacuole extracellular environment water tends move osmotically cells multicellular organisms adapted freshwater environments excrete large amounts water contrast greatest threat land adapted organisms desiccation terrestrial vertebrates water lost continually evaporation egestion feces excretion urine water rarely constitutes waste organisms
noted nerve impulses pass neuron junctions called synapses junctions located end axon neuron comes close dendrite terminals axons dendrites highly branched individual neuron synapse terminals axon ordinarily covered small button shaped swellings called synaptic buttons fig synapses membrane button held close membrane adjacent dendrite gap junction chap junctions facilitate direct transmission action potentials neurons physical contact neurons synapse occurs largely circumstances speed nerve impulse transmission importance synapses synaptic cleft separates synaptic buttons dendrites impulse synaptic cleft cases shown impulse reaches synaptic button button acts endocrine structure secretes minute amounts neurotransmitter substances produced neurons stored vacuoles inside synaptic buttons nerve impulse reaches button vacuoles unite cell membrane neuron release contents synaptic cleft fig neurotransmitter diffuses cleft attaches receptor molecules located surface postsynaptic neuron neurotransmitter molecules unite receptors nerve impulse generated postsynaptic neuron neurotransmitter interacted postsynaptic neuron actions terminated rapidly neurotransmitter exert effects precise control lost
embryonic phase development typically terminates process hatching embryo escapes external protective coats free living larva larvae occur virtually phyla subgroups phylum cases animals larvae tend comparatively primitive members phylum larvae advanced specialized members larvae serve mainly capacities animals immobile larvae chief agents geographic distribution species cases species fully formed alimentary systems locomotor structures developed tadpole larvae frogs vertebrates possess strongly muscled tails swimming larvae invertebrates greatly folded ciliated surfaces bands tufts extra cilia regions animals larvae disperse geographically adults insect caterpillars primary function larvae appears nutritional larvae transitional feeding stages accumulate food reserves required construction adult insect larvae voracious feeders severely damage agricultural crops grubs caterpillars types larvae exist hours months larval period ends metamorphosis transformation adult process reorganization kinds place body parts purely larval functions atrophy disintegrate body parts purely adult functions undergo exceedingly rapid development body parts carried larva adult reorganization
theories propose aging results accumulating defects transcription translation nucleic acids flaws develop complex highly integrated processes transcription translation result somatic mutations genetic constitution body cells discussed extensively chap nitrogen base sequence erroneous dna altered cells result continual production erroneous rna alterations seriously disrupt normal cell functions mutations occur infrequently randomly occur continually produce gradual increase number defective genes somatic mutation theory aging assumes number mutant defective genes increases steadily span animal manifestations aging result mutations theory undergone considerable experimental testing past experiments evaluated prediction theory factors promoting increased rates mutation animals increase rates aging agents called mutagens significantly increase number mutations cells chap include radiation diverse array chemicals agents decrease expectancy produce physical animals mimic effects aging fig rays mutagens actually accelerate normal aging processes research bernard strehler university southern california shown kind mutagen increase expectancy animals experiments average span fruit flies exposed radiation days longer non irradiated flies
widely publicized method genetic manipulation cell hybridization technique involves fusing animal cells species fusion process carried surprising ease cells animals mice human beings mixed laboratory dish hours mouse human cells fuse spontaneousy forming species fusion enhanced adding agents sendai virus culture dish virus triggers formation cytoplasmic bridges closely adjacent cells cultured cells special selective solutions simultaneously provide favorable environment rapid proliferation fused cells unfavorable environment reproduction unfused cells result large colonies hybrid cells form special culture media colony resulting proliferation single fused cell fig genetic material original cell types lost hybrid cells divide hybrids mouse human cells expected chromosomes donated mouse cell human cell hybrids fewer usual number chromosomes mouse chromosomes typically present hybrid cells human chromosomes lost loss individual human chromosomes random hybrid cells combinations functional mouse human chromosomes groups chromosomes distinguished products respective genes genes inactive specific cell type begin transcribed present hybrid cells blood plasma protein albumen produced liver cells white blood cells
notable attempts inferring course animal evolution existing forms ernst haeckel german biologist late nineteenth century views largely discredited influential persist today guises reason review briefly haeckel recognized animal development typically passes common embryonic stages zygote blastula gastrula mesoderm formation haeckel thought succession embryonic stages mirrored succession past evolutionary stages fig zygote represent unicellular protistan stage evolution blastula correspond evolutionary stage animals according haeckel hollow layered spheres haeckel coined term blastea hypothetical adult animals thought ancestral blasteas similar living green algae volvox chap gastrula stage correspond hypothetical ancestral adult type haeckel called gastrea believed gastreas represented living coelenterates respects resemble early gastrulas body consists layers single alimentary opening reminiscent blastopore gastrula grounds haeckel considered gastrea common ancestor eumetazoa assumed layered gastrealike condition represent diploblastic stage animal evolution attained radiates coelenterates evolution added mesoderm gastrealike radiates produced layered triploblastic condition flatworms bilateria
dryopithecine species gradually increased size trees begun spending increasing amounts ground occurred lines dryopithecines led modern chimpanzees gorillas orangutans remote ancestor chimpanzees dryopithecus africanus species resembled chimps respects dryopithecus major larger species jaw lumbar vertebrae ankle bones similar gorillas fossils major found high slopes east african volcanoes mountains covered tropical rain forests miocene epoch gorillas inhabit similar environments today strengthening view major direct ancestor largest modern ape dryopithecine ancestor organtans clearly established likely gibbons fourth major kind modern ape evolved dryopithecine ancestors early hominids evolved dryopithecine types known dryopithecines led humanlike organisms likely hominid descendants spent ground trees descent trees prompted increase body weight case large apes recall ground apes scamper walk tree dwelling dryopithecine ancestors hominids large gave rise modern apes human foot resemble ground apes scamper walk actuality human gait unique ground forms gibbon swings tree person literally swings ground
early representative subspecies cro lived europe ago cro males feet tall average brain volume fig addition stone implements bone needles sewing animal skins crude garments bones including antlers ivory tusks employed tent poles whistles clothes fasteners carved figurines lunar calendars cro domesticated wild dog created diversity art objects including wealth painted murals cave walls fig art provided considerable information regarding culture paintings sculptured figurines cro practiced religious rituals centering hunting theme distribution cave murals suggests parts home sites considered sacred late aborigines northern australia prepared hunts painting sacred locations images animals sought social organization cro appears advanced neanderthals cro lived larger communities collaborative group oriented behavior takes increased importance cro contemporary populations sapiens sapiens parts evolution migration interbreeding groups gradually developed present populations found globe pleistocene close ago subspecies human group existence ancestors culturally middle stone age characterized chiefly improvements stone tools
geochemistry concerns composition earth learned gathering pebbles surface earth analyzing chemical content earth interior believe core inaccessible farthest star composed iron nickel information indirectly observe echo waves earthquakes pass earth interior observe behavior liquid iron nickel laboratory calculate properties affected enormous pressures earth surface proceed indirectly eventually led belief accept hypothesis suggested assumption turns predict things consistent observation generally science proceeds collection facts interpretation facts terms proposed model acceptance model fact realize portion thinking fact model suggested explain facts consider atom chemists real entity building block materials seen atom sophisticated modern high resolution electron microscope indirect evidence atom existence faith answer body knowledge account vast elegantly simplified thinking terms atoms accept atom physical actuality
shortly dalton proposed list atomic weights relative standard swedish chemist berzelius proposed standard based oxygen hydrogen reasoning elements combine oxygen hydrogen presumably easier prepare compounds standard element analysis hydrogen light element contribution total mass hard determine accurately berzelius proposed oxygen assigned atomic weight elements referred sixteenth heavy unfortunately berzelius results especially atomic weights heavy elements large unwieldy numbers lead atomic weight berzelius scheme gained acceptance idea oxygen reference standard adopted atomic weights expressed scale oxygen assumed units practice scales chemists gave reference natural oxygen atom hypothetical average atom takes account fact kinds oxygen atoms present natural mixture kinds oxygen atoms behave chemically differ slightly mass called isotopes physicists hand singled abundant isotopes called oxygen gave exact reference chemist scale unit expressing atomic weights sixteenth mass average oxygen atom physicists scale unit sixteenth mass oxygen atom
chemical research progressed elements discovered regularities pronounced english chemist john newlands able elements arranged order atomic weights eighth element starting kind repetition eighth note octave music law octaves ridiculed crazy notion unworthy consideration idea basically correct later mendeleev lothar meyer extended generalization posed mere system classifying elements law nature sweeping generalized observation summarized known behavior extrapolated predict behavior substances unknown spectacular successes mendeleev call attention gaps array elements predict sort elements discovered fill gaps foretell properties compounds elements matter shortened course chemists knew looking missing elements gallium scandium germanium discovered initially formulated periodic law stated chemical elements arranged according atomic weights showed periodicity properties original statement entirely exact atomic weight decides regular periodicity properties fundamental quantity called atomic number atomic number tells positive charge center part atom chapter discovered later
order point difference ways viewing molecules let consider hydrogen molecule formed hydrogen atoms proton electron molecular orbital approach visualized consisting nuclei distance electrons energy level spread molecule valence bond approach visualized consisting individual hydrogen atoms sitting side side electron shell atom hydrogen atom electrons exchanged atoms atom electrons part matter picture molecular orbital valence bond molecule held electrons spread space attraction positive protons negative electrons exceeds total repulsion system complicated case hydrogen fluoride molecule formed hydrogen atom fluorine atom hydrogen atom contributes nucleus electron fluorine atom nucleus electrons molecular orbital approach molecule visualized consisting nuclei distance ten electrons energy levels molecule valence bond approach molecule visualized consisting hydrogen atom fluorine atom side side hydrogen atom assumed part electron electrons borrowed fluorine atom
highly energetic molecules leave liquid average kinetic energy left lowered molecule escapes carries average amount energy remaining molecules end lower average kinetic energy temperature lower evaporation generally accompanied cooling liquid evaporates noninsulated container beaker temperature fall heat flow surroundings liquid provided rate evaporation inflow heat sufficient match energy required evaporation consequence temperature liquid remains close room liquid continues evaporate evaporation proceeds insulated container heat flow surroundings temperature liquid drop significantly insulated container vacuum bottle called dewar flask essential feature double walled construction vacuum walls vacuum acts insulator inhibit heat flow liquid evaporates dewar flask flow heat surroundings generally fast compensate evaporation temperature liquid drop average kinetic energy molecules decrease rate evaporation diminish heat flow liquid equals heat required evaporation lower temperature established distribution kinetic energies shifted left shown dashed curve fig temperature constant considerably lower original temperature
familiar observation hot substance cold substance contact change hot substance colder cold substance hotter interpreted resulting flow heat energy hot body cold body hot body higher temperature cold body lower temperature temperature property determines direction heat flow heat flows region higher temperature lower temperature sec international scale measuring temperature absolute scale starts absolute absolute lower limit temperature temperatures lower unattainable scale called kelvin scale english themodynamicist lord kelvin proposed defined assigning degrees kelvin temperature coexists liquid gaseous solid states point called triple point corresponds temperature liquid water water vapor ice equilibrium number picked basis observations ideal conditions gases expand uniformly rise temperature rate expansion volume observed noted iupac recommended unit kelvin scale called kelvin degree kelvin line recommendation write physicists generally moving accept recommendation chemists resisting clarity stick book
general absolute values thermodynamic quantities prime importance designate introduce symbol greek delta property designate change property stands change molar energy represents energy final minus initial chance molar energy final initial negative quantity words positive negative values thermodynamic property depends system thermodynamic properities independent system suppose mol gas occupies liters atm occupies liters atm thermodynamic properties depend gas heated compressed compressed heated energy initial designated energy final change energy independent path laws form basis thermodynamics equivalent law conservation energy states increase energy system equal heat absorbed system surroundings minus performed system surroundings
term chemical kinetics applied branch chemistry concerned velocity chemical reactions mechanism chemical reactions occur reaction velocity reaction rate tells fast concentrations chemical reactants change reaction mechanism tells sequence steps change accomplished reactions net change actually consist consecutive reactions constitutes step formation final products discussing chemical reactions important clear distinction net reaction step reaction reaction occurs steps intermediate species formed detectable promptly subsequent step investigating influence factors rate net change occurs elucidate intermediates involved mechanism reaction factors influence rate chemical reaction question practical importance sec determine reaction guarantee fast observed experiments show important factors generally influence reaction rates nature reactants concentration reactants temperature catalysis chemical reaction bonds formed bonds broken rate depend specific bonds involved experimently reaction velocity depends specific substances brought reaction reduction ion acidic solution practically instantaneous disappears fast added
special type catalysis occasionally encountered autocatalysis catalysis implies catalysis products catalyst reaction reaction permanganate ion oxalic acid product catalyzes reacton readily observed mixing solutions potassium permanganate sulfuric acid oxalic acid appreciable decolorization observed tiny crystal manganous sulfate dropped reaction mixture fast decolorization occurs interesting catalysis observed case hydrogen peroxide hydrogen peroxide thermodynamically unstable decomposes give water oxygen reaction rapid solutions hydrogen peroxide ordinarily difficult length decomposition observed substances phosphates added trace amounts slow rate decomposition looks reverse catalysis fact substances slow rates called negative catalysts misleading function phosphate destroy action catalysts present hydrogen peroxide decomposition hydrogen peroxide catalyzed trace amounts ion phosphate added ties prevents functioning catalyst observed facts chemical kinetics recounted interpreted terms collision theory substance react substance particles molecules ions atoms collide particles collision atoms electrons rearranged reshuffling chemical bonds leads production species
examples dissociation contributes negligibly acidic solution basic solution reason acids bases repress dissociation illustrate added represses dissociation mol liter produced means mol liter comes dissociation amount negligible compared mol comes naoh equilibrium constant describes dissociation describes association form association occurs neutralizaion reactions sec basis process titration progressive addition acid base vice versa step titration expression satisfied figure shows happens solid naoh added stepwise mol hcl liter add solid naoh aqueous naoh order avoid volume expansion system naoh progressively added original solution acidic ph basic ph greater titration represented graphically plotting concentration moles added naoh concentration factor billion experiment hard values scale ph factor convenient representaiton happens solution titration
symbols eq previously encountered wave function total energy mass electron planck constant noted parenthetical term kinetic energy total energy potential energy schrodinger wave equation relate shape waveform kinetic energy electron atom schrodinger wave equation tells wave function behave form problem electron atom solve schrodinger equation find values allowed find looks function permitted values turn exactly previously deduced bohr model atom sec permitted expressions generally fairly complex considered section expression squared electron probability distribution expressions calling atomic orbitals previous discussions section look detail simplest orbital atom orbital confine electron atom atom consists electron nucleus atomic number find electron lowest energy wave function form constant proportional
compounds alkaline earth elements occur ions compounds insoluble found deposits earth crust important silicates carbonates sulfates phosphates beryllium abundant widespread important beryllium mineral found quantity silicate beryl formula gemstone emerald beryl colored deep green trace amounts chromium magnesium eighth abundant element earth crust widely distributed principal sources magnesite dolomite seawater deep salt wells calcium abundant group group ii elements occurs silicates carbonate sulfate phosphate fluoride calcium carbonate mineral calcite abundant nonsilicate minerals appears diverse rocks limestone marble chalk mineral gypsum common apparently owes origin limestone beds acted sulfuric acid produced oxidation sulfide minerals phosphate rock essentialyy important ingredient bones teeth seashells extraction magnesium seawater accounts bulk current united states production process magnesium ion seawater precipitated mg addition lime cao burning seashells largely hydroxide filtered converted reaction chl dried mixed salts lower melting point electrolyzed alkaline earth metals conductors heat electricity magnesium finds considerable
chlorate perchlorate ion anion strong acid aqueous solution practically association perchlorate salts treated sulfuric acid pure hydrogen perchlorate distilled reduced pressure anhydrous compound liquid room terperature extremely dangerous explode spontaneously danger especially presence reducing agents organic material wood cloth dilute aqueous solutions hand safe reagents chemist perchlorate ion tendency anion form complex ions metal cations perchloric acid strong acid kdiss perchloric acid strong dissociation oxyacid involves breaking hydrogen oxygen bond form hydrated hydrogen ion hydrated anion bigger anion hydration energy obviously bigger clo expect dissociated hocl reverse true bond holding proton ocl stronger bond holding reasonable seen noting oxygen electronegative chlorine series hocl hoclo adding oxygen atoms chlorine oxygens add pull electrons bond tend weaken hocl weakest strongest acid series general series oxyacids acid highest oxidation number oxygen highly dissociated
percent energy release fission occurs sec delayed energy release comes fission products gamma rays particles delayed neutron emission delayed energy release constitutes fallout problem fissionable material nuclear explosion fission products short half lives disappear rapidly decay products appreciable half lives persist fall environment food chain absorbed human system possibly create radiation hazard important feature fission process neutrons produced fission needed initiate means fission process sustaining chain reaction chain propagates neutrons generated unit absorbed lost chain reaction increasing rate happens system passes called critical size neutron loss important chain reaction tends runaway condition nuclear bomb subcritical masses separate triggerinig mechanism fires exceed criticality nuclear reactor electricity generating power stations design requirements opposite idea system short criticality chain reaction continues runaway fashion shown fig schematic version boiling water reactor control achieved interspersing uranium fuel material cadmium rods
force expressed newtons kilogram meters distance meters dimensions newton meters joules joule moving kilogram meter increase velocity meter force expressed dynes gram centimeters distance centimeters dimensions dyne centimeters ergs erg moving gram centimeter increase velocity centimeter reference erg approximately fly push energy ability dimensions energy kinetic energy energy body possesses motion mass equal half mass times square velocity potential energy energy body possesses position arrangement respect bodies electric charge property assigned objects account observed attractions repulsions explained terms gravitational attraction masses electric charge types positive negative objects type electric charge repel objects opposite charges attract originally unit charge defined quantity electric charge distance centimeter identical charge produced repulsive force dyne vacuum
effect discoveries columbus da evolution european society colonize america walter prescott webb suggested frontier effect inaugurate epoch prosperity boom strongly influenced basic features modern europe critics hand pointed discoveries resulted part rising prosperity europe clearly nearly simultaneous discovery americas africa economical routes southern eastern asia added enormous momentum europe economic progress development means uniform europe atlantic countries western europe progressed rapidly portugal replaced italy commercial center europe da voyage strong protect asian empire interlopers spain largely silver gold produced american colonies wealthiest nation europe spending american wealth buy wanted abroad meet military commitments spain foster development limited resources commercial areas northern europe netherlands france germany england benefited american wealth healthier manner spurred rising prices resulting partly spain expanded purchasing power areas increased productive capacity especially woolen linen textiles major items trade commercial production grew middle class population urban centers national wealth power newly risen commercial areas northern europe occurred religious upheaval early sixteenth century protestant reformation
gift duke york present jersey possession sir george carteret lord berkeley quakers including william penn prominent bewildering succession proprietors bought inherited parts colony divided east west jersey halves rejoined form royal province shared governor york pennsylvania delaware remaining colonies carved netherland proprietary possessions william penn chartered pennsylvania represented repayment debt owed charles ii penn father admiral wealthy landholder william penn converted apparently student oxford staunchest quakers managed maintain friendship charles ii james ii indulgence set colonies holy experiment refuge victims religious persecution representative assembly secured legislative authority penn charter liberties abolished customary upper house roger williams penn believed indians entitled compensation land payment satisfaction sold land settlers easy terms pennsylvania grew rapidly economy prospered sale lumber food especially flour west indies advertising britain northern europe produced flood immigrants prominent pennsylvania dutch corruption deutsch german word german anabaptist religious heritage similar essentials quakers
immigrants peopled england north american colonies primarily england british possessions continental europe africa england provided half immigrant total fact late seventeenth century nearly immigrants england large proportion especially chose england middle class background artisans merchants shopkeepers landowners impelled leave religious poltical turmoil sparked puritan migration chose virginia maryland younger sons landed familes destined difficult times england traditions gave eldest son possession father land primogeniture forbade division entail immigrants poor lives disrupted transition medieval agriculture emphasizing subsistence farming capitalistic system stressing large scale production wool england leading industry food growing urban population employment suffered price inflation brought influx american treasure wages fixed justices peace employers increased countryside abounded sturdy beggars left villages search local authorities fearful require public assistance resort crime return custody original communities circumstances created illusion overpopulation official encouragement emigration despite fact england total population half modern london
benedict arnold disaster overtaken americans recovered leg wound received quebec arnold spent summer frantically building warships contest british advance lake champlain greatly superior mobility waterborne forces carleton october sufficiently confident superiority proceed carleton destroyed arnold fleet battles valcour island split rock decided imminence winter prevented offensive effort withdrew canada carleton successful howe british strategy isolation england worked sir william howe crushed revolution assistance carleton americans anticipating york british target evacuation boston rashly committed defend virtually indefensible city washington troops manhattan island brooklyn heights island repeat gage mistake boston failing occupy commanding dorchester heights howe disposed repeat mistake bunker hill flanked entrenched american positions brooklyn heights captured major generals large body troops washington led relief force east river tiny pocket island remaining american hands fortunately howe despite urging subordinates declined press advantage warships brother admiral lord richard howe appeared capable preventing washington escape cover rainy night foggy morning england fishermen ferried american troops manhattan island tight trap looser
merely waging successful war independence americans profoundly altered course economic development trade freer americans send exports demand major products longer needed britain enumerated commodities american ports open ships nations imports directly continental europe asia hands middlemen britain previously americans free issue paper money create banks foster economic development independence produced fundamental landownership congress ceded western lands governments lands ceded took titles public lands british crown british proprietary families american governments initially policies favorable speculators settlers true british attempted foster rapid extension settlement partly means increase government revenue speedy sales public lands fact source public wealth governments reward revolutionary soldiers ultimately subsidize schools desirable enterprises governments generally disposed favor speculators pursued policies inimical aristocracy york ended rights manor lords representation legislature states sold frontier land cheaply innumerable speculators competed resell quickly profit prices twentieth prevailing older areas operated powerfully lure settlers frontier regions diffuse landownership widely combat aristocracy
revolution unity american states essential attainment independence hang benjamin franklin reported assuredly hang separately continental congress assembly delegates revolutionary organization colony assumed task providing unity pursuit independence authority derived constitution treaty widely recognized necessity early farsighted patriots directed endeavors perpetuating union states fixing basis union proved troublesome writing constitutions states states revised constitutional systems agreement permanent union franklin proposed continental congress articles confederation perpetual union patterned plan submitted albany conference twenty later congress begin preparation plan prompted virginia resolution cleared independence congress established committee consider matter union tentative plan largely pennsylvania reluctant revolutionary john dickinson emerged committee july month warm disputes disputes resumed congress continued fall articles confederation gained congressional approval articles effective endorsed states proved difficult
thomas jefferson called revolution ousted federalists national power saddled public resentment tax burden required military preparations suspected aristocratic monarchical tendencies insufficiently sensitive views agrarian majority intolerant criticism federalists lost bitterly contested election jefferson ideological heirs republican party controlled government generation hands government longer showed solicitude wealthy northeastern merchants hamilton nation farmers planters government sought serve farmers planters wanted overt assistance federal government maximum authority governments meet varying needs communities maximum freedom individuals pursue interests special advantages afforded jeffersonian leadership federal government gave positive aid party supporters moderate pragmatic republicans merely diluted federalist nationalism states rights mercantilism laissez faire foreign affairs jefferson accepted fortune napoleon presented opportunity buy louisiana efforts compel warring britain france allow america trade freely failed evoked dangerous domestic strife james madison succeeded jefferson european civilization turmoil napoleon conquests encompassed nearly europe nations offered hope continent redemption conqueror rule britain supreme sea trafalgar protected english channel napoleon armies russia seemingly secured peripheral position vastness
americans wanted madison took office policy compel major belligerents britain france permit americans carry business usual seriously belligerent restrictions neutral trade affected american prosperity difficult determine rough indicator yearly american exports beginning wars europe imposition severe commercial restrictions american exports including reexports french west indian products quadrupled american declaration war highest yearly total declining volume american reexport french west indian products accounted reduction american policies embargo nonintercourse laws partially responsible south west commercial farmers depended heavily exports income resentment britain ran high necessity resisting british orders forcing markets demand american products stated kentucky senator evident detriment american economic interests affront american pride impressment clearly offensive british action respect chesapeake incident inflammatory napoleon longer challenged naval supremacy british slacked impressment renounced practice stopped entirely ship seizures offensive
perspicacious observed war renewed reinstated national feelings revolution noted american feel act nation republican leaders congress yielding federalists traditional parochialism dedication states rights provided ample evidence gallatin peace national army offensive repulicans power eminently desirable controlled national government end war madison recommended force congress approved times number actually service war naval power began light reversing prewar position republicans maintained postwar navy double strength manpower existed war conclusion war administration dispatched naval expedition stephen decatur free american prisoners held barbary pirates induce algiers tunis tripoli cease depredations american commerce victories algerians enabled decatur achieve goals question national bank leading republicans changed views twenty charter hamilton original bank expired republicans congress refused renew jeffersonian constitutional scruples largely responsible freed regulating influence national bank chartered private banks joined host greatly expanded issuance paper money lending autumn banks england ceased pay specie gold silver meeting obligations
whig desertion tyler administration secretary webster dilemma england whigs distrusted tyler urged resign webster gained deep satisfaction administrative appointment desire follow footsteps clay tyler part clear desired webster remain cabinet finally webster inherited pro british proclivities federalists opportunity effect improvement american relations britain irresistible series unresolved conflicts pushed united states british relations breaking point canadian rebellion washington failed efforts prevent york vermont siding openly canadian rebels shipping supplies harboring refugees furnishing small steamer caroline band loyal canadians crossed niagara river burned vessel british government admitting part affair latent british sentiment northeast fully aroused london antagonized south openly attacking slavery conflict reached crisis british officials west indies refused return blacks seized slave ship creole sailed bahamas democrats britain appeared aristocratic arbitrary overbearing demanded tyler administration exact satisfaction american grievance webster cordial united states relations britain key nation security economic
general farming involved combination crops livestock prevailed northern states pre civil war corn dominant crop soil climate region pittsburgh iowa ideally suited corn distinct corn belt developed eastern part region early wheat ranked northern crops western york pennsylvania eastern ohio dominated american wheat production corn wheat growing moved rapidly westward prairies southern michigan northern indiana illinois southern wisconsin northern farmers raised oats barley rye flax fruits vegetables abundance livestock provided income northern farms cattle hogs sheep found ready cash markets livestock driven distant markets efficient transportation profitable ship wheat bulky products distances cincinnati chicago important packing centers provided additional outlets hogs cattle dairying important northern states commercial dairying concentrated england middle atlantic states especially york agriculture rapid march westward mississippi caused decline readjustments farming northeast canals railroads reduced cost transportation farmers england middle atlantic states compete grain meat production larger productive farms west farmers northeast ceased produce wheat corn hogs wool commercially concentrated dairying fruit growing vegetable farming specialties marketed nearby cities
industrialization revolutionized position workingmen american economic workers gained living agriculture specialized employment skilled craftsmen learned trade apprentice system half century craftsmen sons daughters american farmers entered factories members growing army wage earners number employed manufacturing rose percent gainfully employed workers industry industrial growth hindered lack skilled labor generally supply workers adequate early textile factories recruited laborers nearby farm communities employed entire families child labor common children young worked hours women provided labor early textile factories attract young unmarried women operatives boston manufacturing company established boardinghouses factories company provided food shelter supervision attempt establish kind industrial society gave demand greater profits women workers played key role country early factory development factory wages higher america britain subsistence levels factory paterson jersey reported women children weekly early male factory workers common laborers week parts country york tribune claimed minimum budget family york week clear members family sought employment
lincoln dispose south challenge union established working majority congress despite political military crisis congress inclined defer executive democrats fought republican party history found difficult wartime accept leadership republican president supported united republican majority lincoln democratic opposition pressures war requirements party cohesion eliminate conflicts separated republican moderates party determined antislavery elements led powerful thaddeus stevens pennsylvania charles sumner massachusetts zach chandler michigan benjamin wade ohio republican strategy south evolved slowly fighting began republicans congress agree lincoln war fought solely force south union agreement war aims soon evaporated lee initial military successes clear total northern effort bring acceptable peace realization prompted republican radicals congress spoke party antislavery wing demand intensive conduct war aimed destruction southern military power elimination slavery early enthusiasm war northern antislavery leaders stemmed part anticipation settle slave question forever charles francis adams observed afford ground slave question settled
diplomacy assumed major significance country future determined battlefield leading chancelleries europe forestall european interference nation internal affairs fall fort sumter secretary william seward denied officially war existed north south washington disturbed britain recognizing existence northern blockade south issued declaration neutrality move duplicated france spain netherlands brazil acknowledgement southern belligerency suggested possibility recognition confederacy seward immediately warned british french diplomatic recognition richmond government mean war united states british economic interests lay overwhelmingly northern commerce agriculture london desired southern cotton permitted south buy freely products british mills shipyards including highly effective commerce raiders alabama conscious importance european goodwill confederate government november commissioned distinguished southerners james mason john slidell carry southern quest recognition london paris havana took passage europe british merchant vessel trent packet confronted united states warship san jacinto captain charles wilkes search party removed confederate envoys secretaries took boston political prisoners remained fort warren north exultation elevated wilkes stature hero palmerston british prime minister received news flew rage
encouraged victories mounting failures grant administration democratic party entered campaign high expectations beginning tennessee states south louisiana south carolina florida democratic control democrats republicans differed national economic issues presidential candidate agreed readily samuel tilden wealthy york lawyer governor led assault tammany hall core york political corruption head boss tweed penitentiary tilden running mate democrats chose thomas hendricks indiana platform called reform broad areas american political economic demanded end radical reconstruction attacked protective tariff denounced republican financial policies especially excessive spending demanded public lands reserved actual settlers called civil service reform despite republican record stalwarts favored grant renomination republican businessmen tired corruption preferred leadership halfbreeds moderates opposed stalwarts bolted liberal republicans favored james blaine speaker house unable nominate grant bitterly opposed blaine administration forces accepted rutherford hayes compromise candidate hayes record reform governor ohio equally acceptable republican moderates liberals expressing pride party history republican platform warned democratic party character spirit sympathized treason
power resistance destroyed south awaited north conditions peace contemplated task rebuilding ruined economy small minority southern businessmen succeeded accumulating capital south generally impoverished emancipation wiped south investment billion slaves confederate securities totaling billion fell worthless collapse richmond government inflation added economic dislocation destruction war eliminated south banking capital disorganized currency credit structure undermined commerce industry union forces systematically eliminated south transportation system areas experienced full ravages war lay desolate helpless invading armies fighting foraging generally managed ruin touched union forces penetrated large areas south destruction countryside separated alexandria richmond charlottesville reminded travelers virginia carried chief burden war blue ridge mountains general philip sheridan fulfilled promise denude shenandoah valley likewise valley tennessee carried scars invading union soldiers english traveler recalled trail war visible valley burnt gin houses ruined bridges mills factories gable walls left standing large tracts cultivated land stripped vestige fencing ultimately areas south suffered experienced fury sherman campaigns georgia carolinas general estimated georgia loss war million wrought deliberate waste destruction
early nineteenth century majority workers engaged phase agriculture total labor force agricultural pursuits declined percent percent period employed manufacturing establishments rose percent workers entered factories dependent wages income lost remaining terms producing food clothing independent skilled craftsmen late nineteenth century hours remained wages low conditions difficult especially judged modern standards average workweek industrial laborers hours average earnings cents hour twenty later average workweek dropped hours hourly pay risen cents averages deceiving workweek factory workers longer reaching hours iron steel industry average annual wage workers manufacturing despite seemingly low figure real wages risen percent industrial developments revolutionized position workingmen emergence large corporations employed hundreds thousands workers increasingly interstate character business rapid mechanization industry growing machines division labor factory production threatened finally destroyed historic position skilled craftsmen labor market expanded rapidly demand centered semiskilled unskilled wage earners
problems labor late nineteenth century flowed directly indirectly quickening tide immigration millions european immigrants eagerly sought jobs mining manufacturing transportation wages subsistence level easy employers resist demands wage increases penniless immigrants required employment despite rapid expansion industry civil war constant surplus labor periods depression unemployment underemployment extremely high wages united states europe immigrants lived america peasants europe half century million foreigners migrated america true civil war search economic opportunities forces united states europe interacted attract increasing numbers immigrants place industry needed labor preferably cheap labor agencies encouraged europeans migrate america conditons europe stimulated immigration farmers farm laborers england ireland scandinavian countries germany experienced frequent periods crop failures low prices hard times pattern immigration established civil war continued generally main body immigrants arriving northern western europe percent immigrants parts hundreds thousands scandinavians germans settled midwestern farms cities milwaukee chicago cincinnati immigrants england ireland remained eastern seaboard cities immigrants settled south section country provide agricultural industrial opportunities seeking
months cleveland took office march panic rocked nation economy ushered prolonged depression bankruptcies panic selling york stock exchange days harrison administration presaged trouble previously sound national cordage company failed rapid succession scores businesses industries closed doors withdrawal gold foreign countries threatened gold standard decline railroad investment contributed collapse important depression low purchasing power agricultural labor sectors economy cleveland believed country unfortunate plight stemmed largely sherman silver purchase act caused drain treasury gold reserve president urging congress repealed act october gold supply continued decline treasury sold bonds acquire sufficient gold replenish reserve issues sold purchased morgan company handsome discount sharp criticism trafficking wall street bankers treasury early sold million bond issue general public cleveland preserved gold standard aroused bitter political opposition democrat william jennings bryan owed cleveland gratitude passenger trainman opened switch precipitated wreck cleveland monetary policy restore confidence improve economic conditions president soon entered political tussle urged congress lower tariff rates
upset fundamental thought patterns americans reaching intellectual influence evolutionary hypothesis british scientist charles darwin origin species published darwin wrote species created independently immutable belonging called genera lineal descendants generally extinct species modifications results natural selection conclusion darwin stated organic beings lived earth descended primordial form breathed according darwin special creation god product millions evolution darwinism created controversy furor scientific religious circles challenge tradition profound giving scientific support concepts change emergence evolution darwinism attacked supernaturalism absolutes form absolutes place thought system changed accordance natural laws principles evolved natural selection animal form supernaturalism ideas special divine creation intervention affairs accepted religion especially felt impact darwin writings evolutionary concepts affected law history education economics aspects american intellectual instance longer laws constitution considered absolute fixed seen growing changing continually meet demands times oliver wendell holmes jr wrote common law law embodies story nation development centuries order tends
february march series incidents drove united states spain war publication american press private letter critical president written dupuy de spanish minister washington forced minister recall destruction battleship maine havana harbor february heavy loss investigation established responsibility spanish behavior incident impeccable officials washington including president accepted news remarkable restraint widespread public opinion whipped press demanded war remember maine battle cry congress early march voted million assist administration strengthening nation defenses march senator redfield proctor vermont reported congress seen recent tour cuba describing detail suffering island ravaged thirty intermittent civil war terrorism spanish reprisals proctor speech senator known temperance cuban question profound effect american opinion march naval board inquiry appointed mckinley investigate maine tragedy issued report attempt fix responsibility board declared battleship destroyed mine congressional public opinion reached level intensity american secretary urged spain peace cuba price independence crisis mounted april republican congressmen editors warned president lead country popular war
wilson reelection november progressive movement largely run course ardor reformers begun cool saw progressive objectives achieved attention president congress diverted increasingly international problems threat war wrought fundamental importance left permanent imprint nation american set solve problems emerging unregulated industrialism means positive progressive movement begun turn century continued expand influence wilson term progressivism marked expansion governmental powers national levels expressed greater government regulation large increases federal functions innovations included primarily protection labor control money banking guarantees impure food drugs credit farmers conservation natural resources income tax run provided money underwrite federal programs permit steps social welfare progressives sought government responsible adopting measures primary initiative referendum direct election senators woman suffrage progressives believed political economic reform hand hand solve problems greatest failures reformers unwillingness insist equal rights blacks
coolidge accepted election mandate continue program harding begun annual message congress president declared rigid economy public expenditures lasting remedy economic ills reduced taxes explained largely responsible country general prosperity recommended tax cuts argued lower surtaxes high incomes actually produce revenue encouraging business expansion told congress operations muscle shoals suited private enterprise urged properties sold leased hoped restore agricultural prosperity coolidge warned government successfully insure prosperity fix prices legislative fiat insisted prosperity natural working economic laws tax reduction farm relief emerged dominant political issues coolidge administration taxes slashed secretary mellon wanted larger cuts advanced idea tax reduction increases amount capital put productive enterprises stimulates business makes jobs mellon saw direct relation monetary fiscal policy case low taxes full employment responding demand lower taxes congress reduced rates despite lower taxes federal government able maintain treasury surplus opposing government programs cutting expenditures billion treasury enjoyed annual average surplus billion
restlessness desire break past distaste american culture received expression popular literature scott fitzgerald shocked thousands readers side paradise published leading character amory blaine engaged variety drinking loving bouts purportedly represented actions young scores novels exploited themes alcohol sex coming grips social importance idea youthful revolt restricting puritanism forebears works social criticism captured spirit sinclair lewis pictured mean dull small midwest town main street gopher prairie wrote negation canonized positive virtue prohibition happiness slavery sought defended dullness god later lewis analyzed considered petty commercialism american small town businessman babbitt lewis elmer gantry vitriolic attack revivalist preacher winesburg ohio sherwood anderson told series stories frustration shallowness loneliness small american community theodore dreiser american tragedy related story young ruined finally met death unrestrained desire wealth position ernest hemingway conscious member critical generation sun rises lewis dreiser anderson hemingway personified writers cynical defeatist america part called lost generation spent paris complaining native land living fruits
breadlines lengthened banks closed local governments banks issued scrip money young plan dollar roosevelt inauguration march governments ordered nation banks closed address roosevelt promised action immediately declared national bank holiday march march banking legislation congress began famous hundred days executive branch fed congress unprecedented volume proposals programs restore country economic health unusual national industrial recovery act nra businessmen asked set industry wide codes set minimum prices production controls credit terms encourage minimum wages maximum hours provide collective bargaining eliminate child labor businessmen felt law gave power labor liberals thought price setting consumer interest supreme court invalidated nra law established administration support collective bargaining minimum wages maximum hours early move roosevelt created tennessee valley authority tva provide electric power half million improved navigation nitrate production industrial power flood erosion control recreation facilities deal power projects included dams columbia river oregon missouri river fort peck montana grand coulee dam washington works progress administration known deal projects begin government tried systems putting unemployed
reliance americans paper stocks bonds home treaties obligations abroad culminated kellogg briand peace pact eventually effort outlaw war won overwhelming support internationalists isolationists pacifists americans faith agreements agencies designed focus supposedly crippling power international law opinion nation dared break peace movement outlaw war developed slowly april tenth anniversary united states declaration war germany aristide briand french foreign minister addressed message american proposing franco american agreement outlaw war nations department angered briand decision approach american public government washington continued avoid issue crusade outlaw war began sweep country leading eastern midwestern newspapers gave issue enthusiastic coverage jane addams hull house chicago presented president petition signatures encouraging initiative league nations assembly convened september polish representative introduced resolution asking league renounce wars aggression briand reminded assembly universal conscience mankind constituted perfect tribunal prevent aggressive war september assembly unanimously adopted polish resolution branding wars aggression international crime league action president coolidge secretary frank kellogg search antiwar formula mollify briand american peace advocates
blacks gains education employment social position deal progress discrimination spotty slow blacks branch armed forces selective service act september forbade racial discrimination drafting training soldiers local draft boards order accepted whites black leaders complained discrimination segregation armed forces concessions reform slowly blacks found difficult obtain jobs expanding defense industries black frustrations grew early philip randolph president brotherhood sleeping car porters urged negroes march washington demand equal rights alarmed possibility roosevelt issued order june shortly project march declaring discrimination employment workers defense industries government race creed color national origin president appointed fair employment practices committee deal problem measures met bitter resentment south southern writer warned armies force south abandonment racial segregation million blacks served american armed forces war ii army thousands navy air force marines hundreds received commissions blacks individuals entered white units fought side side whites hitler legions germany military camps surrounding communities black servicemen faced discrimination theaters post exchanges officers clubs
kennedy major victory indiana primary democratic candidates pointed final showdown june california primary strenuous bitter campaign kennedy emerged victorious shortly midnight june victory assured kennedy thanked cheering supporters ballroom los embassador hotel moments later lay mortally wounded kitchen corridor brother victim assassin bullet democratic campaign resumed later june field belong mccarthy earlier april vice president hubert humprhrey announced candidacy humphrey primaries strength lay democratic organization white house federal bureaucracy local democratic leaders spokesmen organized labor south tight humphrey organization quickly rendered primaries irrelevant mccarthy candidacy chance election held clear advantages party power republican leadership place full burden overcommittment abroad riots inflation higher taxes internal tensions ruling democratic party identified war vietnam republicans continue demand victory attributing past failure elusive ends gradualism vacillation johnson military policies front running republican richard nixon vice president republican presidential nominee nixon protected established reputation republican regular supporting goldwater campaigning hard successfully republican congressional candidates later
success elusive condition easily attributable individuals social class american standard success ability ahead countless millions seventies achieved common rationale unlimited economic growth country assigned obligation provide greater opportunities economically depressed economic growth general improvement lot poor require loss wealth status american society bitter resistance affluent programs economic redistribution understandable equally clear conceivable level economic production resolve needs millions remained unaffected astonishing economic expansion previous decades barriers wider distribution historical social political economic remained chasm affluence power economy drag marginal poor official poverty line capital expenditures billion produce full employment nation poor numbered percent population poor resided cities incidence poverty higher rural areas especially backcountry extending west virginia southward gulf states migrant farm laborers hundred thousand worked northward georgia canadian border summer living appalling conditions clearing thousand dollars tenant farmers deep south antipoverty programs limited federal subsidies cotton saved plantations field hands
president nixon misjudged public reaction cox dismissal thousands telegrams poured washington demanding president impeachment nixon quickly turned subpoenaed tapes spurred demands removal public soon learned subpoenaed tapes missing october twenty house members supported move impeachment annual convention afl cio approved resolution demanding nixon resignation impeachment early november gallup poll reported dip support president percent course december house judiciary committee appointed john doar republican lawyer served justice department robert kennedy direct investigation charges president nixon struck detractors called operation candor argued appreciative audiences november assured nation nineteen republican governors disclosures white house admitted requested tapes covering nixon watergate conversation days break minute gap experts later attributed deliberate erasure december republican congressman gerald ford michigan sworn vice president united states final gesture operation candor president december released massive financial statement answer mounting allegations irregularity personal finances late february watergate grand jury impaneled april indicted white house officials charges covering watergate burglary destroying evidence lying investigators buying silence large sums money offering clemency
going cut brush heap top head told took look mop unruly black hair folks asked sadly mean abe indiana pappy marked claim brush boundary lines wanted farm figured brush heap atop boundary line folks abe lincoln clear sarah heard say yes speech took surprise joking hard tell looking boy frightened sat quietly snipped unruly black hair boy gazed mirror pleased expression eyes abe reckon purtiest boy pigeon creek hand ugly suddenly grinned sarah laughed re caution abe smart school abe shook head school littles mind school master crawford left pappy set store education sarah looked sharply read yes haven books odd sarah read haven books books read abe stared amazed books walked bureau carrying worn looking volumes
boy ms gowdy room ms gowdy paid attention children paid attention week thanksgiving pageant busy ms gowdy janitor bring extra desk chair set room asked boy blackboard yes say jed black sat quietly dark watchful eyes took going plenty going usual things reading spelling arithmetic ms gowdy room plenty reading looking library thanksgiving plenty spelling writing play event copying parts plenty arithmetic figuring yards material home costumes pilgrims braves wampanoag tribe going wear khaki pants blankets feathers break busy finishing sized deer upside deer upside hung feet stick braves carry stage contribution feast course deer thanksgiving ninety american indians fourteen play figured deer
morning boy called waukewa hunting mountainside found young eagle broken wing lying base cliff bird fallen ledge young fly fluttered cliff hurt severely likely die waukewa saw drive sharp arrows body saw young bird feet quivering pain fright waukewa slowly stooped panting eaglet fully minute wild eyes wounded bird keen dark eyes boy growing gentler softer gazed looked struggling young eagle stopped wild frightened look passed eyes bird allowed waukewa pass hand gently ruffled feathers desire fight defend gave charm tenderness pity expressed boy eyes moment waukewa eagle friends waukewa slowly home wounded eaglet arms carried gently broken wing gave pain bird lay perfectly trying strike hands boy sharp beak waukewa warmed water fire lodge bathed broken wing eagle bound soft strips skin nest ferns grass inside lodge laid bird boy mother looked shining eyes heart tender girlhood loved creatures woods
chee gently driving sheep dazbah herd distant rise ground slope mile wide flatland series boulders miles grassy area wasn sure exactly home didn matter navahos home afraid nature sheep eagerly grazing dazbah sat rest chee stand guard dozed times found shade rock cliff enjoyed soothing coolness noon ate cold food prepared mother carried leather bag water trained longer need drink drove sheep water hole sundown eating dazbah rested contentedly sand knew human miles happy hint unusual happen consider unusual afternoon storm blew storms snorting mexican plain heralded black tumbling clouds crackling lightning clouds grew blacker looming gigantic ghosts urgent bleatings told sheep frightened chee assembled barked nipping legs dazbah ran help chee moved sheep rock wall huddled closely mass gray tan wool wind blowing
papa stay home sybil ludington smiled tucked covers boy brothers sisters asked question colonel ludington home war sybil told youngest brother troops spring planting papa yes war replied sigh close eyes downstairs hear horse coming mill yard boy listened moment maybe general washington likely sybil laughed home virginia spring planting delaying tactics young night brother grinned defeat night syb called downstairs reached large kitchen sybil hear drumlike sound heavy fist front door colonel ludington colonel ludington voice cried urgently british raiding danbury sybil raced room exhausted messenger led chair fire danbury thirty miles east exclaimed noticed presence grim faced father listening intently messenger related danbury connecticut left virtually unprotected american troops dismissed care spring planting soldiers remained guard storehouses continental army small force stem onrushing tide enemy
late july amelia earhart burbank california began testing plane proposed fly thirty famous women woman fly atlantic passenger woman fly solo atlantic woman fly solo hawaii california woman fly solo california mexico city winner aviation prizes awards yearned flyer woman tired woman wanted flier decided round flight true flown flier circled earth longest route equator task amelia earhart set plane twin metal lockheed electra cockpit passenger seats cleared big extra fuel tanks bolted floor navigation room latest equipment lay fuel tanks voice radio sending receiving messages ground stations power fifty watts normal range miles parts flight flying ocean need stronger radio touch ground plane touch ground navigator instruments
night hunger noni thought dog flesh blood lived floating ice island breakup noni lost sled food fur knife saved nimuk devoted dog ice watched distance noni love nimuk real real real hunger cold nights real pain injured leg homemade brace village killed dogs food scarce thinking nimuk told hungry seek food soon eating noni thought kill dog bare hands nimuk powerful fresher weapon needed removing mittens unstrapped brace leg hurt leg weeks brace bits harness thin strips iron kneeled put iron strips crack ice began rub firm slow strokes nimuk watched noni dog eyes glowed brightly night passed worked trying remember strip iron edge begun shape task finished daylight noni pulled finished knife ice touched edge sun glare reflected stabbed eyes momentarily blinded
gave huge empty building museum ask needs museum needs museum museums save things scientists want study learning stars birds rocks help live lives wonder true need birds built aircraft learned flight studying air moves birds wings fly women study birds tell rid mosquitoes poison kinds bushes plant yard birds eat mosquitoes want live studying stars important space flights collecting things ancient egypt ancient tribes helps learn lived differently live learn ideas didn call ecology ancient tribes knew lot living land knew shared land plants animals didn chopping trees killing animals eat collect objects ancient pottery curious things important collect objects ok finally say important collections start museum guest television program tell museum ask send things
summer young stabbed chest brought provident hospital chicago patient lost blood getting closer death hour dr daniel hale williams director chief surgeon hospital called examine doctors nurses present examination bit surprised dr williams stab wound reaches heart give usual treatment wounds cool sure complete rest give painkillers didn say dr williams knew usual treatment help patients treated manner died doctor turned staff surprising statement intended open chest repair damage stabbed doctors nurses room surprised concerned days surgeon dared operate chest patient place techniques modern medicine unknown rays blood transfusions machinery present heart operations doctors operated street clothes sterilizing instruments equipment operating room patients developed infections operated drugs discovered cure infections patients died dr williams practiced modern techniques surgery methods beginning discussed scientists
special worlds family friends community community neighborhood big city section suburb small town farm ranch community houses miles community place feel home special manuel acosta painter special mexican american community barrio el texas barrio warm friendly place communities neighbors move barrio live barrio lives neighbors relatives friends nearby closely knit community manuel acosta family small plot land street homes stone wall surrounds acostas house garden flowers trees manuel acosta studio paints acostas cut surroundings friends neighbors visit manuel acosta asks pose portraits paints portraits faces personalities impress paints ordinary everyday shows unique individual acosta paints wide selection subject matter ways dress kinds faces shades color combinations shapes expressions
friends end ask happened school give detail mention drink water hung coat report exciting important things occurred mention team won basketball game test report important information ideas called summary give summary daily activities give summary selection read summary accurate summary selection sure read material carefully skim selection find important ideas put ideas logical order write ideas sure words copy sentences word word selection summary read summary shorter original selection information summary accurate complete summary selection manuel acosta notice accurate important information manuel acosta included summary manuel acosta mexican american artist paints portraits neighbors community texas acosta especially likes paint pictures children flowers paintings national treasures musems country read selection note important ideas paper write summary selection words summary sentences
autumn cornell surrounding countryside grew beautiful changing month margaret took pictures found point camera saw hope picture learned important leave material picture began compose photographs found person base building show comparison real height building tall structure ordinary began realize pictures lopsided balance crowded picture pleased studied find afford experts clean service camera learned afford film processed arranged photographer ithaca allow darkroom develop enlarge prints christmas carefully selected enlarged photographs table front dormitory dining room hand lettered price list announcing orders prints desired surprise orders quickly write fast sum earned large resist going pictures winter ice formed waterfalls snow covered campus blanketing trees roofs buildings brought itch photograph saw fascinated camera
beginning grandpa farm mark wiped mouth hand eaten grandpa big breakfast napkins orange juice cups coffee mark drank bitter dregs awful tasted wonderful drink black brew adult going fix creek leg sift oats horses mark stepped grandpa wasn mark found going room room clicking light switches light grandpa listen dead telephone switched radio television set blank screen deadest blankest makes silly childish things grandpa scornfully wouldn wouldn battery radio batteries gave mine mark shook head left silent house dead awful going lack battery radio couldn sleep thinking mama sleep mark looked guiltily didn slept night slept grandpa shaken awake breakfast couldn help yesterday big tend horses grandpa acted mark holding
parked truck house mark ran grabbed claw hammer help barn door open reach high nails hurry mother mark ripped lower nails mother pulled high grandpa nail door mother asked worked creek mark answered shortly mark face sooner later bound claim creek owners killed creek colonel nail slid door open colonel wasn dead didn neigh turn mark rested threshing machine straps pawed foot impatiently wants wants barn mark told mother mark rushed colonel stall helped let straps colonel stumbled barn gateway pasture stood looking guess wants maybe mother voice shaky grandpa seen morning mother seen colonel going die mother let ask question mark colonel looking need truck yell mark ran colonel colonel turned head looked corner eye didn wait started length pasture mark ran truck going stay colonel think wants creek
mark stood horrified looking walking car gun car going shoot creek mother croaked big steps mother driveway stopped called stop buy creek decency care ask stays re going shoot anymore boy loves mark snatched creek halter rope veterinarian mine yelled mine car turned looked okay son money wouldn sell don want consider gift wants creek veterinarian mark hit teasingly soft fist exercising creek soon rid mark say word couldn believed couldn endured standing mother whispered creek mine mine forever run ran truck pulled potatoes creek started lane creek hobbling head reaching shoulder potatoes mother walked walked lane lane walking thing happiness walking wait veterinarian creek
sat park bench morning sunshine tampa florida trying doggedly read book plainly enjoying harold bullard told story full round head tones public address system feet lay bullard labrador retriever tormented aged listener probing ankles large wet nose bullard retired successful fields enjoyed reviewing important past faced problem complicates lives cannibals single victim passed dog refused share bench bullard dog set park quest faces luck morning found stranger clearly arrival florida buttoned tight heavy serge stiff collar necktie read yes bullard rounding hour lecture lost fortunes stranger bullard neglected ask easy boy boy dog growing aggressive ankles told bullard real estate scrap iron oil trucking yes guess real estate scrap iron oil trucking wouldn suppose stranger
dave busy dusting poco flea powder saw mrs carson limping front walk lugging battered suitcase carried visit daughter chicago dave quickly handed loped lawn joined yards let help mrs carson dave looking guys hawk face sandy lashes match hair heart marshmallow count dog lost need bring homework measles poco wriggled snuggled baby big appealing eyes let jump sofa shouldn dave grinning broadly woman saw grandmothers books says dearie bless soul things bakes ginger cookies sighed happily mrs carson friends cooky jar full delightful grandmothers mom dave continued modern mine giggled agreed wouldn want change grandmothers fun lot ways didn baking evening dinner started tell mom dad dave decided mrs carson grandmotherly woman knew
cat hear voices opened eyes wide awake sat look loved land shea saying smiling agree bessie taylor looking desolate place pleasure putting feet walking gullitt eyes gleamed satisfaction survived mood cat noticed joined fellow castaways spite fact physical condition changed clothes damp clammy shelter winter chill supply food meager thought food started hunger pangs cat stomach heard eat days desire food lessened working case ravenous hungry cat baldly don think touch provisions searched island food water kell advised sure re kell bessie taylor agreed think hunt food strength eat gullitt re hungry say eat kell insisted held wait bit longer looked bessie taylor give mrs taylor cat wee bit food share likewise bessie taylor evenly want favors kell physical strength weakling eyes defiant
air janet electrified sound soon voice spoke word janet clearer closer understand voice saying janet janet hear janet flying doctor base hear press button top microphone want speak microphone waited surprised answer voice began janet listen listen carefully left hand side front window round black microphone bracket round microphone bracket lift bring close face press button top speak janet listen pick microphone left hand left hand janet left hand don need stick hold stick hand left hand air janet heard words answered frightened heard words encouraging voice plane dick fly left hand left hand mike left hand pick press button top slowly slowly unclenched left hand rim yoke watching angle wings nose sky ground sure hand hold plane course
suppose talking friends surprise party accident mentioned party front person friend looked let cat bag puzzled bag cat friend mean phrase let cat bag actually mean open bag let cat phrase expression means reveal secret expression started ago england county fairs pigs sold wrapped sacks merchants tried trick customers cat bag pig buyers didn find opened bag home careful buyers insisted bag opened fair merchant trying cheat discovered buyer let cat bag words mean stated exactly examples figurative language words mean exactly examples literal language phrase let cat bag figurative language selection solo players author wrote janet electrified sound interpreted sentence literally mean janet received electrical shock heard course author meant word electrified figurative literal sentence means janet startled janet felt shocked electricity
understood reason women shielded eyes sun light room gas jets walls gave flickering yellowish glow help tables order women bent low tables shoulder muscles tortured pain foreman called gave moments talk workers answer questions whispered splitting headaches fear going blind hands scored roughened cables backs constant pain matter fast worked foreman standing urging yelling faster speed inhuman end hour elizabeth fired thirsty left bench found sink corner room rinsing dirty glass foreman spotted roared bench ask permission want leave hear temper exploded don ask permission drink water fired story appeared quality longer saw story personal experience story burning deepest sense outrage insult reading felt lived hands hurt backs ached eyes tortured reporting
henry barbosa gonzalez career politics reflects changing role mexican americans american henry gonzalez born san antonio texas children leonidies genevieve barbosa gonzalez left mexico revolution settled san antonio henry gonzalez born country grew school age knowing english school father drag house school say drag henry gonzalez recalled mean drag literally mexican american children class thirty school refused speak word entire month grade teacher class end school walked henry gonzalez speaking half spanish half english told looked bright boy pupil class looked forward classroom kindness cure worked burst tears shell silence broken end begun master english henry gonzalez graduated high school san antonio san antonio junior college studied engineering university texas austin turning law henry gonzalez received degree st mary university school law san antonio serving war ii gonzalez chief probation officer bexar county san antonio part probation officer visited homes bexar county
social studies science literature research library find sources information reference books general information variety topics basic reference books biographical dictionary specific information current biography international america give information living dictionary american biography america give accounts americans longer living encyclopedia set reference books articles variety topics books articles book arranged alphabetically encyclopedias articles important events provide information subjects mythology art sciences encyclopedias print yearbook articles important events happened atlas book maps atlas complete kind atlas maps give information things land surfaces population climate political boundaries locations historical atlas includes maps show area looked earlier almanac single volume book lists current facts figures important events records almanacs printed annually pamphlet printed unbound generally pamphlets short essays current topic agencies united states government publish variety pamphlets subjects range home safety nutrition general reference works provide introduction subject reference works locate detailed materials topic
floated canoe set pearling reefs mist goes means el diablo true red mist water shone green clear smiled belief el diablo felt excitement felt ago mother threatened monster talk care luzon replied friends lagoon friends yes shark saw morning small fish friends listen comes tell leaves lagoon say takes shape octopus seeks pearlers wrong spoken ill takes shape human goes la seeks enemies streets church think fear leave lagoon fear el diablo father father pact manta diablo pact show proper respect tip hat lagoon leave dive black pearls belong search
building doughnut shaped fitted nicely top mountain wide level lip casker scorched landed ship air building merely big ground enormous hellman casker walked slowly hellman burner ready sign planet abandoned hellman whisper mind abandon place casker re planets trying live needle point reached door hellman tried open found locked looked spectacular display mountains planet molten affected gigantic moons broken strains external internal wrenched present spined appearance casker ungraciously librarian decided rich uranium hellman shrugged shoulders burned hole door lock waited sound mountain top growling stomachs entered tremendous wedge shaped room evidently warehouse sorts goods piled ceiling scattered floor stacked haphazardly walls boxes containers sizes shapes big hold elephant size thimbles door dusty pile books immediately hellman bent examine food casker face lighting week started open nearest box
dark cars trucks slide field vision aspects city night swim consciousness sense rainy nights remembered cities curiosity group huddled lighted doorway level mind half hypnotized changing lights flower shapes wet pavement looking thinking feeling remembering related separate looking landscape scene eyes constantly compose recompose focus detail open wider view mysterious thought artist franz marc suggests look eye animal eye trained disciplined kinds seeing scientists observing intricate variations complex structure details relationships escape rest pilots sailors experience able observe hint sign wind weather water skillful tennis players quickness eye equaled quickness hand artists perception relationships form color enables copy construct representation landscape figure artists relations color form paying attention represent able forget chair sit dark pattern light wall meaning chair important color angle light dark pattern
characters story categorized ways categories easier talk characters finish story ways characters categorized major characters important story minor characters important individuals family major characters willie hattie attention concern mainly minor characters kate doug buddy developing characters change end story static characters individuals stay family willie developing character learned learned accept death part characters story static characters protagonist main character emotionally involved protagonist admirable qualities called hero antagonist person tries stop protagonist reaching desired goal protagonist problem caused person antagonist story family willie protagonist problem learning accept grandmother death problem personal caused character antagonist story ways learn character story learn character acts speaks learn things characters say individual finally learn author direct description character family learned willie actions showed escaped problems going movies mother comment told willie strong boy
imagined zenith hope bright pinnacle joy think storybook moment makes rest worth going peril grief yes nightmare believing going die bad part importance thing happened andrecia moment triumph felt suspended light floating air re convinced soon dead free free sense happen mind faced frightening thing face happens suddenly knowing going live pretty tremendous top race practically unlimited future rescued rescued love achieved success highest expectations words knew looked hovering mass rock magically fall georyn saved knew mission fulfilled invaders leave captives freedom andrecians assured removal threat assure don ask knew wasn evident point
stayed andrecia night collapse set temporary camp reaction setting early father lie gave strong sedative thing knew morning evrek started hut river checked imperials sure pulled equipment sat scorched ground edge deserted clearing looked grim skeletons trees forlorn gray morning rents cloud cover closed hiding sun deep forest piercing cry elusive andrecian bird managed catch glimpse father talked sensed going left respects thankful passed comment confession requiring detailed report jarel evrek commented fact point avoiding father orders sure evrek terrible risk sake didn coolness hard accept tried rescue astonishment thought danger justifiable learned actually imperials camp window night
specific number paragraphs book report paragraph give information main topic paragraph discuss arrangement events plot arrangement listed number part outline paragraph explain types conflicts characters faced end report enchantress stars written ten paragraphs statements book support facts cite examples specific incidents statements times quotes book write elana admirable character describe things support opinion quote character opening paragraph book report give general information book mention title book author general facts enjoyed book sample opening paragraph enchantress stars written sylvia louise engdahl published science fiction enjoyed book presented viewpoints imaginative report tell important elements contained help started report passage opening paragraph change sentence tells writer personal opinion book express opinion sentence begin write report jot important information want include
young woman put pen leaned chair stretch calendar tidy desk read november draped windows city streets quiet usual writing late night listened minutes night sounds ticking hall clock brittle tapping stiff branches cold polished windows house asleep knew ask bed emma lazarus glanced written frowned clear wondered read poem understand trying say mind turned began ago couldn remember asked join committee visiting ward island york harbor emma known ward island place immigrants countries entered america poor need help emma agreed committee wealthy young women expected things visit poor sick needy help committee families friends donate food clothing committee plan social event raise funds help emma agreed join committee curious heard unfortunate driven homes lands knew forced flee lives look feel homeland
important ways twins exactly alike look hidden differences think behaves don suppose class looking forward outing boy girl counting classes exciting outing teacher tells class able happened impossible disappointed shows disappointment mark instance finds tears eyes happens spoil fun blurts sobs ellen disappointed takes mark cry baby cry baby shouts mark cry baby michael blames teacher happens whispers didn punk teacher fun spoils things susan answers michael didn want anyway stay school school fun going outing caroline say feels crying puts mind johnny say begins imagine outing mind looked forward johnny mind daydreaming look inside mind girl boy class taking disappointment
corner small fenced yard father salted fish hanging line dry baskets shrimp seafood spread sun chimney felix sister mei gwen dollhouse cardboard carton father told give dolls susie grandmother play hidden roof began play mother called twins frankie freddie helped bring basket wet clothes ready hang line seeing felix standing looking sadly water mother spoke softly hear grieve son ease pain homesickness born country felt felix sign heard words aloud mother grocery store son box soap powder handed money blue jeans shirts father boys wash washer full felix turned slowly steps mother want soap powder want walk felix sure grocery stores block walking walk pick soap powder cable car clanging mason street fisherman wharf ride
summer thousand ago speaker rich thessaly greece talking slave stood field looking number horses philonicus obeyed spoken turned slave put hand master earnestly horse bucephalus rich answered buyer pay deal mean sell philip macedon king philip slave repeated amazed yes replied philonicus king philip knows horses army rides battle find lose generals horse find bucephalus master orestes begged sell bucephalus war horse trained gently felt sting whip sell king philip philonicus answered greedy look eyes king philip rich mean pay orestes stood looking sadly whistled softly field bucephalus trotted orestes beautiful dark bay horse lowered head slave stroke nose suddenly gave orestes playful shove field wind head held high tail streaming straight favorite trick bucephalus today slave laugh heart sad orestes looked bucephalus horse colt orestes trained taught carry person
peaceful ossip village afternoon napping sharpening spears hunt preparing food evening meal children playing happily dogs quiet tranquil scene ossip screaming terror quickly prepare fight killed cried monster coming ran chief house monster coming cried bigger village horns growing mouth kill chief ran house stood ossip bravest calmest hunter village ossip look brave calm looked terrified ossip friend asked chief monster seen chasing hurry prepare fight ossip cried village going hunters spears ready monster appeared looked frightened children crying chief put arm ossip knew cases loneliness cold plains driven crazy hunters brave ossip lost minds wild lands north hoped happened friend spoke gently ossip believe monster hunters strange things plains think happened ossip looked chief disbelief think crazy shouted
ago giants lived american indians greatest giant nasan hundred feet tall nasan mighty giant lonely night looked evening star lady loved beauty especially young sang songs nasan love looked decided wife nasan needlewoman set wings feathers spider thread sky flew beautiful evening star lady nasan brought evening star lady presents gave buffalo robes shells beads pleased agreed wife night evening star lady sky night wanderers lost calendar makers young sing songs spirit learned nasan angry ordered nasan return evening star lady sky nasan intention giving magic draw circle lodge inside circle magic zone safe spirit angrier shook mountain nasan lodge fall breathed fire mountain nasan lodge burn finally cold floods past nasan magic circle spirit knew evening star lady wanted robe white deerskin
stopped think goes preparing television show thought interesting find station wgbh boston program zoom taped week chose zoom material show written entirely youngsters watch programs young television popular zoom written young viewers television shows zoom started idea chris sarson worked television wanted give young chance show took planning zoom program air january zoom viewed television stations country television shows script writers write material script writers zoom show viewers supply material zoom musical production numbers prepared musical director choreographer letters arrive zoom mailroom youngsters country send riddles games plays recipes experiments stories presented show fan letters received mailroom staff volunteers reads letter decides material presented show producer director editors zoom read material mailroom decide things youngsters perform zoom week called zoomers
let pretend visit twenty century visit boy named peter smith awakened morning feeling mrs smith peter mother wants doctor peter idea doctor listen peter mrs smith brings set wires peter bedside wires called sensors places sensor mouth chest puts wrist forehead plugs sensors wall outlet says code tcp means telephone call light flashes wall smith wireless telephone ready accept call mrs smith says doctor phone number speaker wall doctor voice says morning morning dr cooper answers mrs smith peter feeling morning hooked sensors wonder examine sure doctor voice says speaker fever pulse rate fine breathe deeply peter peter breathes deeply congestion chest announces doctor cold stay inside today easy thank doctor says mrs smith tcc telephone call complete light wall turns phone call examination finished peter says mrs smith stay home don shop pick bicycle birthday weeks peter answers shop bicycle peter mother father sit front visionphones
mitchell known astronomer island nantucket nantucket whaling community sailors mitchell advice mitchell helped sailors plot routes stars adjust timepieces according stars maria eleven interested astronomy loved look father telescope talk stars planets mitchell voice broke silence living room maria maria quickly show maria jumped chair grabbed coat hood whale oil lamp didn look raced stairs led roof house winter night cold windy waves pounded shores mitchell house whaling ships harbor groaned rocked tall masts sea maria think things roof telescope perched quickly father look look polaris maria moved telescope slightly sighted north star looked fuzzy ball light view maria glowing tail comet father believe eyes re astronomer mitchell laughed proud maria comet
lummox bored hungry hungry normal lummox creatures ready snack full meal bored usual lummox bored chum closest friend john thomas stuart xi lummox lumbered backyard stuart home looking grasshopper robin worth looking watched hill ants half hour growing tired ants lummox moved house number foot ant hill crushed lummox notice piled shed bales hay lummox pulled small amount bale chewed bite want john stuart notice john stuart found refuse scratch lummox garden rake lummox supposed touch food inside shed lummox want hay hay supper night tonight tomorrow night lummox wanted body interesting flavor moved low fence fence separated acres backyard mrs stuart garden lummox stuck head fence looked mrs stuart roses fence marked line cross crossed earlier sampled rose bushes mrs stuart fuss lummox hated think lummox remembered rose bushes belong mrs stuart
saturday mariko ten takes lesson play koto japanese harp mariko japanese live japan lives york parents mariko studying koto teacher master koto learned play instrument native japan koto beautiful wooden instrument feet ten inches wide curved slightly upward japanese bridge mariko plucks thirteen strings pieces ivory called tsume fitted tips middle fingers hand leather bands left hand presses strings sound higher lower plays koto mariko tune string ivory plastic piece shaped upside called ji mariko moves ji string bring proper pitch strings strands tightly twisted white silk nylon lasts longer mariko sits floor practice koto traditional played japan recitals sits chair small stands support end koto kotos expensive musical instruments costs fine piano united states japanese playing koto thousand knows invented similar instruments china korea centuries played members imperial court japan buddhist priests
nampeyo busy helped corn grinding swept floor bread weeded garden supper sat moment edge bed katchina katchina eyes bright nampeyo father brothers valley lived fields plowed planted mother teach weaving design neighbor things room alive girl eyes katchina move rest dark corner echoing cliffs notes drum deep tones beat night closer closer nampeyo ran house trembling fell medicine walking home katchina alive nampeyo cried looking room held hand entered dim room katchina wants follow eyes medicine let looks medicine led nampeyo pile pottery tools lifted turn blowing dust spoons dried gourds colored pebbles polishing paint brushes soap weed round molds stones left ancient firing kiln pointed stone tools drawing designs surface soft clay generations pottery molded decorated slowly peace family tools precious gourd spoons blessed hopi priests look fingers nampeyo
luck lost yoke oxen bridger fort lost yoke sold provisions bought yoke cows yoke oxen bridger fort persuaded hastings cut saved miles drive forty miles water grass hastings forty miles think eighty miles traveled night noon papa find water oxen gave leave wagons oxen water took cattle find water ten miles reed returned group water carry papa daylight morning waited thinking cattle waited till night thought start walk donners wagons night ten mile distance took water bread started papa carried thomas rest walked donners asleep lay ground spread shawl lay spread put dogs top tyler barney trader tracker cash coldest night saw wind blew hard dogs frozen
days mountains eliza gave longer stop snowshoes awhile find road turn thought getting ahead soon turn cabins night froze feet badly night worst storm winter night gotten eat hides mary cry wish wasted dear cousin don trouble cooking thing provided fifteen cabin half lie bed ten starved death able walk snow cover cabins days fire cut pieces log inside walls cabin eat hides party sutter fort side mountains finally rescue stranded travelers including reed children hungry tired trip rescuers promised return children virginia mother brother agreed ahead group
settlers looked forward opening boarding school school open independence chores mid morning wagons beginning dot meadow trees gathering huge baskets filled lunch small crowd young waited front closed door building promptly eleven clock clark head school open door invite view completed school inside grandma brown cabin excited girls getting white dresses declare don look field flowers beamed grandma proudly adjusted gathers smoothed shoulders fluffed sleeves grandma decided ready public viewing straight boarding school ordered opening door stand porch order singing master taught don forget sing worse able hear words song girls white dresses joined white boys crossed yard building saw coming conversation broke turned smile pupils theresa noticed girl patched gray dress girl pulled arm bearded pa white dress start school high pitched voice rose mumbled admiration crowd likely emaline shook head gold diggings buy dresses wear
missed party grandpa theo aunts uncles cousins grandpa theo friends music pupils table covered food talked laughed sang uncle dimitri pulled handkerchief took aunt myra hand grandpa theo took grandma hand snake dance joined hands lined wound dancing slow snake dance grandpa theo opened piano quiet phoebe called turn pages grandpa theo sat pupils played wonderful music turned pages learning play piano grandpa theo someday ready play duet things changed knew wrong grandpa didn music parties grandpa theo didn sing didn dance pupils played duets parties stopped knew wrong later piano lessons stopped grandpa theo didn talk knew trouble hearing didn watch talked wouldn answer times wouldn laugh funny turned radio loudly shout wanted talk pat shoulder look talked didn talk visited grandpa theo mother say papa don hearing test maybe need hearing aid grandpa wouldn wouldn listen
thurman pond lived clean cool countryside peaceful quiet thurman friends knew problems course small tadpoles snakes fish frogs trying catch dinner caught thurman fast clever thurman biggest smartest tadpoles pond soon leader hour hour thurman swam pond search eat tadpoles find water plant munch thurman imagine thurman thought peaceful pond swam hiding enemies searching food swam drank mouthfuls water water passed gills inside heads breathed taking air water gills blew water holes side heads fish thurman months strange thing happened swimming peaceful search food sudden sound laughter echoed course tadpoles don laugh imagine bit clear thurman strange shaking tail thurman flipped faced friends funny thurman asked smiling ready laugh answered sat staring thurman
mrs miyo called afternoon miyo home school home neighbor mrs kitamura miyo called mrs miyo mother doctor didn home supper didn home didn miyo stayed mrs mrs kitamura widow enjoyed miyo company lonely dog named jefferson ten parrot named hamilton black cat named leonardo pet rooster named lincoln talked japanese talked onions potatoes planted front yard asked grow plump delicious miyo home school mrs talking potatoes onions today mrs seen wasn front wasn talking animals dog jefferson greet miyo opened gate hello jefferson kitamura miyo mrs jefferson wagged tail sniffed miyo special spot foot willow tree miyo stopped lincoln strutting pen making rooster sounds looking intelligent mrs told miyo lincoln understood word spoke english japanese mrs kitamura doko miyo asking lincoln cocked head looked small bright eyes squawking sound maybe lincoln understand japanese miyo thought
harlequin awoke room dark stars moon sky chilly bed harlequin wrapped blanket walked window felt wearing night dim light saw passing street left home dark town square early morning bringing trays cakes pies cookies sold tonight children helping harlequin sighed warm bed pulled covers head children wait tonight carnival games prizes candy ice cream dancing singing joking friends harlequin children asked haven seen morning harlequin lead sorts fun maybe bad mother won let maybe sick ran harlequin house harlequin harlequin appeared window wearing blanket friends started talking harlequin fireworks finished father says stay late want smell chocolate hurry let square slowly harlequin dressed walking square children began talk thing tonight going wear costume
idea coat need cut give harlequin give piece cloth costume true dress need let cloth meet front harlequin house sun high children met harlequin house carrying piece cloth harlequin answered knock door surprised friends held pieces cloth happily pushed hands children saw harlequin arms filled cut bits scraps sad piece shape size color shiny fuzzy pieces matched looked bunch rags harlequin smiled thanked children afraid unhappy giving useless gift feel stupid whispered unhappily left harlequin stared scraps cloth arms thought piece big pant leg sleeve climbed stairs room thinking carnival threw pieces cloth air pieces fell floor piece stuck shirt looked moment idea mother home harlequin told happened
pablo picasso boy lived town spain asked wanted grew knew artist mother liked tell words piz piz baby talk lapiz spanish word pencil stretched floor piece paper pencil pablo drew pictures learned walk boy liked crayons chalk toys pablo father don jose artist proud son spent lot teaching boy draw paint pablo ability delighted family friends line draw person animal bird looked alive played animal game sister lola young friends big eyes sparkling say want horse dog bull quickly cut tiny paper animal shaped dog horse bull pablo school wanted draw spent happy hours father studio drew pictures pigeons saw windows drawings lola grew tired watching father listening explain pencils chalk kinds paint pablo ten things suddenly changed don jose took job art teacher pablo father school
named simon boom liked brag buy didn matter size short size altogether season simon boom bought summer simon boom walked hat store storekeeper give hat storekeeper brought straw hat store simon boom hat storekeeper felt don want hat simon boom want hat storekeeper hat wool head warm coldest buy simon boom summer town felt cool light hats simon boom hot heavy winter hat head feels warm thought simon boom buy umbrella hide sun walked umbrella store storekeeper give umbrella beach umbrella rain umbrella storekeeper asked umbrella simon boom storekeeper pulled black umbrella umbrella stand opened strong rain money returned buy simon boom
simon boom walked town looking spring water store couldn find give saw water carrier wooden cans water hanging yoke maybe simon boom thought deals water ran water carrier tell buy spring water course water carrier putting cans ground simon boom feeling happier looking spring water store town couldn find wonder water carrier water looking store want spring water simon boom water dear sir water carrier water purest coolest spring water simon boom asked water carrier simon boom want twenty barrels daughter wedding water want water carrier wedding taking place days simon boom bring guests arrive water fresh cool water carrier told simon boom simon boom home wife look happy means fish wanted fish sugar simon boom bought chicken chicken honey simon boom bought meat meat oil simon boom
thump soccer ball flew air landed peach basket hung heads students teacher score dr james naismith class finished game basketball december springfield massachusetts dr naismith class arrived found wooden peach baskets hung floor dr naismith explained game teams players try throw soccer ball baskets allowed run ball students didn think enjoy game half excited home told families friends game called basketball peach baskets soccer ball climb ladder remove ball basket player scored invented basket woven wire players poles push ball basket finally thought rope net hole cut bottom net ball fell net easily eighteen students dr naismith class game played players team number players team decided wanted play game played hundred players team basketball quickly popular ten organization basketball started large teams didn things organization rule
fond bat russet want russet pet want kitchen night forever want learn picture night gave clearer idea russet wings told seventh night kitchen picture stepped door moved corner pointed flashlight russet clinging wall chance stepped closer corner russet move closer russet stayed reached fur russet soft body fur light gray brown wings dark gray wings opened foot body half inches hand closed gently small body picked brought look closely shivered fear put fruit stay flew window russet stayed pictures tenth night showed strange shape russet body wanted picture strange shape seen pictures answer cameras set picture flashbulb burned hoped plan worked pictures saw small shape clearly
believed places bats blind blind bat heard ago scientists watching bats seeing found explain bats saw later studies showed bats shown bats blindfolded find scientists puzzled joke bats ears funny bats sound high ears hear screech move echoes cries ears able tell walls things bats find home caves trees live small holes bats fly hole foot case cave hidden bushes trees bats flying night find hole hundred fifty miles knows bats feed night daytime hang close caves trees dark places homes evening comes begin stir rise fly going hole night begin move finally bats rise body fly high air
mallard decided trip rest river set meet week public garden quacked shoulder care ducklings don worry mrs mallard bringing children taught swim dive taught walk line called safe distance bikes scooters things wheels felt perfectly satisfied morning children follow wink eyelash jack kack lack mack nack ouack pack quack fell line taught mrs mallard led water swam opposite bank waded ashore waddled till highway mrs mallard stepped cross road honk honk horns speeding cars qua ack mrs mallard tumbled quack quack quack quack jack kack lack mack nack ouack pack quack loud quackers quack cars speeding honking mrs mallard ducklings quack quack quacking noise michael running waving arms blowing whistle planted center road raised hand stop traffic beckoned policemen mrs mallard cross soon mrs mallard ducklings safe side mount vernon street michael rushed police booth
mama asks jamie mama uncle john truck couldn busy things think granny fingers patting biscuit dough meatballs started cut biscuits hungry says jamie cutting biscuits mama uncle john meet daddy bringing home surprise soon jamie hears truck turning driveway jamie runs porch wait inside jamie calls father soon daddy comes carrying covered basket mama close puts basket middle kitchen floor smiles jamie uncle john comes wiping boots doormat looking pleased granny comes basket standing looking jamie smiling jamie asks inside hears tiny noise bark basket shaking jamie hears noise louder watch small brown paws poking rim basket lid pushed brown head soft ears bright brown eyes stare jamie lid goes squeaking struggling bottom basket daddy big laugh booms soon beginning laugh uncle john reaches basket lifts ball soft brown fur bigger jamie shoes
supper jamie eats plate saying word helps clear table goes room puppy say night father mother granny uncle john jamie father calling comes jamie room sits bed jamie turns face believe jamie feel says father sorry father talks king jamie listen counting cracks wall father says sorry adds maybe wrong thing bringing puppy home soon stay don want mama understand say says night jamie goes closing door jamie lies dark hearing footsteps voices house growing quieter quieter door closed suddenly knows asleep slowly begins wonderful dream dreams dark hear roses growing blooming beans corn coming garden sound warm sweet summer wind sound granny singing goes round round forever hear plant putting leaves fruit singing small tune
thump clank suddenly louder noise jamie awake sits bed moon fallen rim hill sky pale early morning light clank happening kitchen jamie bed tiptoes stairs leans corner looks kitchen dim corner room hears tiny scratching noise jamie turns light kitchen stove look says puppy look re mess puppy climbed box stove playing king red blanket scattered scraps paper kitchen floor empty milk bottles door knocked king water dish upside puppy cold swim drinking water mistake lying pool water shivering crying tries creep paws slide water falls begins cry jamie picks king blanket tells puppy guess care takes shivering puppy arms warms king blanket puppy frightened jamie hold tight won slide sit granny chair window watch sky turn bright golden sun comes birds singing hopping grass mist rising pond
lisa grandma tell story lisa grandmother story ivan lisa green humming cat lisa grandma goes lisa ivan shop ice cream saw selling balloons let balloon ivan lisa won ice cream mister want balloon lisa money girl balloon balloon want hums give money hummer lisa ivan wanted bright green balloon wanted hummer gave money hummer put hummer balloon began blow blew blew blew big green cat mister fine green cat lisa balloon put string cat gave string lisa thank mister lisa fine green cat took string cat air stayed ivan soon green cat began hum lisa happy humming green cat balloon lisa ivan walked street saw lisa friend annabelle fine green humming cat annabelle thanks lisa proudly saw mrs goodman fine green humming cat thank mrs goodman lisa proudly
bears saw brown bear looked night find tired sleep bears big surprise saw big scary animal big wings big ears animal green leaves green tail green groasle yelled bears looked funny animal talk angry groasle thought green groasle ate brown bear friend loved green groasle laughed began groasle things took wings ears green tail took green leaves brown bear waited tell happy yelled brown bear angry mother stayed told silly brown bear days angry brown bear knew special special ideas loved things loved pretend bears asked brown bear head bear party bear play job things
morning lucky river catch fish big surprise river water dry rocks lucky ran home tell father live river need water lucky father dry bed river walk river bed takes find river walked hills saw water river giant lived hills put river water wall lake giant saw father river law giant land father giant task giant give ask part law asked giant task want task father looked giant shoes put look smart thought father smart sure task father giant put big foot hill put big foot father land let father giant
woman door winifred things don signs signs winifred idea winifred idea country family saw kinds signs home winifred sat began signs seen country signs wanted winifred put signs house kinds stopped buy eggs flowers asked buy dogs asked buy house house signs mad yelled winifred things sale winifred took signs put garbage winifred happy winifred began couldn stop saw sign wanted winifred zoo home sat signs zoo wanted zoo signs winifred put signs street street red yellow signs morning winifred looked window big surprise street police officers yelling seen signs
randolph young possum special problem don understand mother possums hang tails sleep upside don randolph sadly try hard try father maybe need try sighed randolph moved slowly branch tree wound tail branch took big breath let didn fall yelled brother eugene sister geraldine randolph tail opened fell ground head dear mother hurt times fell randolph think don understand father possums hang upside impossible impossible randolph sighed flop hang tail re flop mother kindly trying try cried randolph fall head hurts put big pile leaves tree eugene fall fall soft falls mean falls laughed geraldine geraldine father idea help brothers find leaves randolph eugene geraldine ran looking leaves big pile branch sighed randolph climbed slowly tree branch wound tail let
randolph hanging falling hanging falling gave lay leaves maybe possums sleep upside family goes sleep hanging upside branch sleep pile leaves soft think nice think sleep randolph woke find geraldine eugene jumping pile leaves fun yelled geraldine fun randolph sighed place sleep cleaned leaves stuck tail help eugene pulled hard leaf paw don randolph hurts look geraldine slowly falling end branch sap sap tail leaves stuck randolph stopped picking leaves tail didn think cried sap makes leaves stick tail maybe tail stick branch randolph held tail sap ran tree wound tail branch held paws sure sap sticking opened paws hung didn fall look yelled look mother father running randolph father trying don think randolph
randolph held tail sap possums sleep mother unwind woke randolph find sap tree cried randolph father winter coming winter sap dries try hang rest sap impossible randolph sap geraldine ran look found sap put leaf rub tail nice geraldine randolph held tail ran tree geraldine found sap called randolph opened paws hanging tail works thank geraldine look geraldine yelled randolph re look randolph sure eugene sap tail cried geraldine jumping wasn sap water put water leaf trick water cried randolph mean trick geraldine eugene hanging tail geraldine sap randolph wonderful proud mother randolph yelled think father needed tricky sister eugene mean smart sister geraldine
allison stood sidewalk front house held brown dog tippy arms looking house street tippy mrs johnson allison tomorrow mother going grandma seashore vacation mother says stay mrs johnson tippy allison gave dog big hug mother says fun seashore children age lot sand water play waves splash beach don think fun tippy morning allison mother drove grandma house allison thinking tippy pretty ocean allison look sparkles sunlight mother hurry dear give grandma big hug swim lunch didn allison put bright red bathing suit stood front mirror mother dropped yellow tube head suit grandma allison asked grandmother yes grandmother look pretty tippy allison turned remembered tippy dig holes play sand run beach float tube night bed allison piece paper grandmother asked mother help write letter
tina home called tiny tina grew taller taller school grandma called tiny tina tiny find green pocketbook grandma say grandma tina call shelf grandma smile say tiny tina getting tall fine lots tall family tina family tall tina liked proud look family tina father put tina big sister maria tina tall maria tina liked tall mother shopping things tina let look coats schoolgirls mother coats girls small school girl class tall tina fine tina miss smith say tina paper top shelf tina say took paper shelf class spring play miss smith picked tina tree tina thought fun birds play tina happy tree tall hat leaves put hands look branches trees tree play tall tina
afternoon tina walking home turned saw rico ran fast big fence fence peeked rico closer saw running older boys running rico fell hit nose hard bleeding tina watched big boys ran laughed rico hand nose tears ran face crybaby boys yelled ran tina stayed fence big boys ready laugh say rico fun tina rico didn yell surprised felt sorry rico gave handkerchief nose slowly tina rico walked street saying word stopped rico house nose stopped bleeding rico gave tina handkerchief want kitten tina rico asked tina surprised rico wasn making fun maybe bad thought wasn sure wanted friend mother waiting stop play kitten walked home called tall tina string bean tina felt week tall tina began walk straight
crack girl bat hit grounder boy field ball threw johnny base johnny thought thing glove air johnny threw glove disgust quit quit things don yelled don learn catch catch greenly throw johnny yelled johnny picked glove ran field players couldn sat cried told play game today quit start greenly throw ball quit nowthey let game johnny decided grandfather tell greenly bad throw grandfather lived house door johnny house lived johnny grandfather grandmother grandfather lot fun johnny thing grandfather short game today johnny didn say thought going play game today wrong asked grandfather don cookies tell game johnny cookies kitchen greenly thinks hot learned throw ball grandfather bad bad johnny throws high
johnny didn playground children playing ball school grandfather house look lost ring days johnny find ring grandfather johnny feel sun today help porch sat porch yard house grandfather touched ring finger looking lost ring johnny yes grandfather looking don give johnny asked porch lost ring don hard remember grandfather walk yard touch flowers touch johnny idea ran flowers yard ground began feel hands saw bright let ring thought picked gold grandfather grandfather yelled found found johnny ran ring grandfather grandfather took ring hugged johnny johnny happy feeling inside quit tell grandmother put tape ring fall grandfather finger johnny playground children laughed saw
magic puma hills jungle animals fun beautiful spots markings puma puma left traveled days top mountains saw tree bird nest puma grabbed egg eat father bird flying grabbed puma break pieces father bird flew puma father bird high dropped puma puma falling magic words save sticks stones change bones puma changed log landed side mountain lucas water carrier coming road lucas hole fence looking log fill lucas took log home stuck fence puma waited night asleep magic words sticks stones change bones turned puma farms ate chickens morning changed log farmers found chickens missing angry trap catch robber lucas waterfall sticks looked sticks heard voice help caught stone called frog lucas ran free frog lucas frog log fence log magic puma
things dad week checker game checkers holes won knock arm left arm want reach checker miss mad arm say arm mom calls arm lot funny names laugh names arm left arm things arms dad checker game helped practice arm painted board red black looked took checker game school showed teacher mrs bell job ginny going contest told going checkers contest school soon hope win girl standing mrs bell looked game didn say ginny mrs bell miyoko going class hi miyoko miyoko didn say looked floor fact miyoko didn say mrs bell called looked floor friend debbie tried talk miyoko contest want play checkers lunch asked miyoko shook head
miyoko played checkers harder harder beat miyoko won game re getting miyoko hard beat thanks ginny miyoko playing fun miyoko talked told funny fred frog told bird egg found grass told secret place house someday soon secret place miyoko told bread knows bake told mice found field told giant kite looks big butterfly someday soon bake bread fly kite miyoko talked debbie linda kay started talking lots class miyoko playing checkers played checkers contest won won miyoko player sure win contest contest played ben linda won games miyoko played raul kim won games playing miyoko won games play game win contest luck girls mrs bell re players hard game
ved walked morning walked afternoon night ved sat willow tree rest city ved decided spend night willow tree start fresh morning ved lay ground fell asleep luck willow tree haunted ghost soon ved fell asleep ghost floated treetop crying booooooo ved woke bad dream dreamed willow tree haunted ghost booooooo cried ghost ved ear dream ved think fast don close ghost ved quickly ghost catcher catch ghosts put ghost bag ved opened bag barber tools pulled mirror let show ghost caught tonight ved held mirror ghost face think put bag ghost looked mirror face course ghost didn thought barber caught ghost bag ghost don put ghost bag give want let want ved want bag gold maybe bags zip bags gold ved feet ved
afternoon peter lincoln asked dick ruler saw sticker dick ruler don touch began laugh gave ruler tom howard laughed tom gave girl front mrs fisher saw sign laughed gave ruler dick school children decided play baseball lot dick house dick brought ball bat saw dick ball don touch dick bat don touch touch let home home dick room play found locked key toy box box sat front porch listened children playing butch brown yard morning school play boys girls pointed laughed laughed mrs fisher trouble laughed saw sign put dick coat dick don touch lunchtime children gathered look sandwiches soon dick took children danced sang dick sandwich don touch dick apple don touch dick lunchbox don touch school dick home lost key room play tool box saw big white sign dick tool box don touch thought school lunchbox
morning dick clock scraped dick lunchbox don touch lunchbox took sign bike mother mom don mark sandwiches don mark things mom mrs thompson dick help dick don care lunch don mark lunch children gathered sandwiches apple lunchbox marked ran bike sign sat ate lunches school dick ran home scraped marking bat ball scraped dick glove don touch glove walked children playing ball threw ball bat glove catcher want asked don care house kim james rang doorbell asked mrs thompson dick play mrs thompson love kim return mrs wiggle kim tell lot keys lost mrs thompson thank keys dear thank goodness mrs wiggle dick took keys dick room busy packing mrs wiggle selfishness kit
rico lived big city ran flower shop rico loved flowers flowers quiet rico loved quiet city rico lived quiet saw car bus rico yelled quiet quiet rico don city don move rico didn move city flower shop red pony rico pony boys girls loved shop jumped pony put money red pony pony children liked pretend liked pretend country yelled look look pony happy quiet rico pony shop yelled children quiet quiet rico yelled children ran rico yelled rico shop looked boys girls thought thought put sign red pony sign pony shop boy pony put dime pony didn didn move don rico boy
pony rico birthday girl rico looked girl looked sad ride told ride home girl ran pony rico pony put dime girl put dime red pony didn move wait rico told sit girl looked rico laughed look look funny red pony stop stop called rico pony didn stop pony rico girl watched laughed pretend called pretend fast rico didn want fast wanted quiet wanted country pretend country thought rico trees blooming thought flowers blooming quiet rico happy pony stop didn move rico saw cars saw big bus saw shop trees flowers country city rico looked girl pretend
evening sarah ida tired morning ready shoeshine corner wasn liked shining shoes things happened shoeshine stand customer found things learned polish shoe thin coat gave quicker shine things al told customer comes shine rest chair rub cloth feels feet tie shoelaces tighter makes shoes fit customers feeling anyway hope warm cloudy afternoon close asked clock going rain shine rainy began put brushes shoe polish helped maybe run home rain big drops splashed sidewalk late sat roof rain hear sound hear rain tin roof thinking boy lived truck tin roof lived truck slept tin roof rained sound put sleep south truck mother father dad driving south dad sold medicine
trina school night mama held reader listened read papa listened trina spoke words words shy unsure maggie older girls school read reader part read slowly read friday school maggie spoke trina carla tomorrow birthday party clock tomorrow maggie charlie wilson coming abner marshall trina looked maggie friendship friend maggie swallowed hard spoke english laughed trina felt hot embarrassment believe maggie laughing voy tu fiesta trina says won party carla shrugged shoulders guess want guess trina told mother happened wonderful tell troubles mama spanish wonderful speak spanish beautiful beautiful language moment trina didn care spoke english mama fault boys girls accept compliment grace learn show tell maggie trina hate sure friends expect fault mama evening mother ironed red dress carla
boy ten named kwani lived tribe called kamba country kenya eastern side continent africa kwani youngest boys family ten brothers sisters school free walk countryside wandered hill sat shade mchungwa tree peered green field ahead dreaming thinking dreaming watching sun set lazy afternoon heard sound bush jumped staring straight baby elephant kwani stood tried sound tiny elephant walked tickled shoulder trunk kwani laughed hello mtoto tembo hello elephant patted neck suddenly noise kwani saw mother elephant approaching making kinds sounds hid side tree elephant ran mother kwani visited spot hoping friend baby elephant elephant kwani kwani named jumanne tembo tuesday elephant met months kwani tuesday elephant friends kwani brought berries elephant eat shallow part river wet jumanne sprayed kwani laughed laughed laughed stay water watch crocodiles
donna climbed front seat car father drove thought wish happen wouldn diving practice bad couldn flat tire didn climb high diving board afraid secret fear couldn bear share father diving coach proud simply couldn bear say afraid loud ashamed fear hated admit afraid diving board high water de car pulled front swimming pool happened diving lesson coach frank mcguigan waiting hi donna prize pupil today fine thanks donna realized soon spoken didn sound fine hoped father coach caught tone voice coach gave sharp look dives low board warm donna walked deep end pool began diving low board didn mind high board breath hard catch knees feel bones coach mcguigan turned de matter donna asked mean de interested diving coach
sixteen bicycles idea remember rode hard breaking spokes wheels getting loose wheels crooked chains breaking bore handlebars force sprinting speeding making quick getaways handlebars getting loose tightening thing bicycles want remember rode thought rode music bikes rebuilt hand bikes lean hard tough swift designed usage rode speed style found deal style riding style writing mean style ride pleasure rode don mean house san benito avenue fresno public library mean rode loaf bike rested hard riding home supper sleep sliding seat left pedaling left leg resting saddle letting bike weave left easily moved forward style learned learned fast learned bike going holding soon probability finally
meet bob welz ringmaster largest circus ladies gentlemen children ages ringling brothers barnum bailey circus welcomes greatest show earth words bob opens performance circus singing ringmaster introduce acts sings bob alert circus moves fast pace moment act starts ready unexpected circus hundred hundreds animals happen small boy growing texas bob thrilled circus says months circus left town forgotten school boys practicing backyard walking clothesline teaching juggle bob grew job newspaper didn stop juggling quit newspaper job decided join circus juggler rope walker bob loves working circus bob ends show thank days circus days woman elephant sarah chapman don let elephant fool sarah elephant trainer aerial artist sarah balancing act swinging trapeze high circus floor standing trapeze swings music looks ballet dancer mid air makes look easy balancing hard learn took practice sarah able difficult act
morning ben bright early brushed dust jacket slept trousers mattress pressed flat ben left quickly saying found thought wondered thought ben forgot father trouble williams saturday cleaning sign inn saw coming street ben smiles dressed suit carried bumpy looking package arm tossed package books billy books books father nodded inside father sitting desk ben dropped silver coins promised wentworth found job samuel keimer printing shop helping fix press business hope someday moment front door blew open stamped fat red faced williams wentworth wait longer start monday give digging job williams stormed moment wasn sound started tell ben father trouble williams finished ben looked grim asked minute ben chuckled began laugh think laugh don worry
angela perkins haven button ear maybe discovered needed button friend buzzie started mutter mutter shouted throw ball throw ball throw paul didn lost game buzzie mad madder mad threw bat bushes poor buzzie sort upset guess didn care yelled yelled wait give kiss kiss aack later found wait sense buzzie muttered muttered muttered played touch toes touch nose school muttering didn difference buzzie mutter mutter mutter teacher miss hicks looked window tomorrow re going burn sweaters mother excited told poor miss hicks glad mother didn call found miss hicks tomorrow re going learn letters mother father talked took doctor dr adams smiled haven cotton ears angela
twenty days inside hector getting going easy wall hector hector tried kicking move legs curled tightly jammed wall crowded small space thing hector move head head break wall needed sharp point hole course tooth tooth tool hector tooth needed eating food big yellow food bag gotten tube tummy tooth going handy hector pulled head pushed tooth wall hard push push push happened hector tried push push push hector happy things working crowded thought maybe stay put thought sure stay crowded big yellow bag food starve death didn move pretty soon hector pulled head struck wall tooth
imagine living farm picture black brown white cows grazing wide pasture white woolly sheep distance big red barn barn yellow cornstalks dance wind farm dr ciricao gonzales grew farm mexico boy worked farm father worked ciricao asked father questions wanted learn farming hoped farmer someday father answered son questions explained animals fed foods cycles inside animal body cycles animal alive ciricao looked exciting happening farm watched animals wanted help find answers questions ciricao joined club club stand heads hearts hands health purpose club train young want learn farming club member ciricao met mexico university ciricao mexican american noticed interested ciricao learning animals plants helped club scholarship helped ciricao win scholarship mexican american students want attend mexico university university ciricao learned farming studied biology farm learned cycles animals biology class studied cycles humans ciricao studied hard
ancient walled citadel peking lived emperor daughter hwei ming daughter wore ivory combs smooth black hair tiny feet wore embroidered slippers robes woven finest silks making happy possessions sad hwei ming blind beautiful handicrafts kingdom brought pleasure father sad daughter blind cry emperor weeping throne hope hwei ming able decided help rewarded fortune jewels word offer outer cities peking towns villages hundreds miles monks course prayers prayer wheels things thought help hwei ming magicians course charms spells things thought help hwei ming physicians course potions pins things thought help hwei ming help hwei ming blind birth cure lived heard tales blind princess took possessions walking stick single piece golden wood whittling knife started road
beginning tales stories belonged nyame sky god kwaku anansi spider wanted owner stories known nyame offered buy sky god willing sell stories price high offering buy price high rich powerful families able pay think anansi replied sky god price price things sky god mmoboro hornets onini python osebo leopard things sell tell stories anansi bring home plans cut gourd vine small hole took large calabash filled water tree hornets lived poured water dripping threw water hornets dripping put calabash head protect storm called hornets foolish stay rain falling hornets answered dry gourd anansi told hornets thanked flew gourd small hole entered anansi plugged hole ball grass saying yes foolish
train slowed tooted whistle times full stop front depot kindly conductor looked leaving city hundred miles collected ticket helped platform spied grandpa wagon holding mules making ready drive farm grandpa cried running climbing high seat summer mine grandpa summer mine summer mine grandchildren lived miles nearest neighbors hour wagon ride afternoon grandpa walked hill cool pool water railroad trestle swam played paddled shallow water bank grandpa swam frog arms legs worked sidewise body forward swim dove ducked playfully later fished caught small fish threw stream grow grandpa joked young seventy mimicked birds croaked frogs sang funny songs varmints saw fields woods clear voice rang hill hill bellowed coon ringey tail possum tail bare rabbit tail white bunch hair sunday dinner grandpa uncle george sat yard talked weather crops played jack grandpa furry dog chased threw ground grandpa laughed joked uncle george talked sadly looked glum
hurried beck julie barn uncle george unharnessed rushed mules pasture finally rushed uncle george chicken shed talked quietly caruso boy caruso coaxed caruso moved cautiously corner watched startled look eye uncle george stooped low level caruso grabbed legs caruso squawked awe awe awe flapped beat uncle george arms wings awe awe awe cried fighting free watch fight strong rooster boy uncle george held firmly stroked caruso settled blinked sparkling eyes look golden red feathers dark green neck royal rooster son champion uncle george pulled cord pocket tied caruso legs hate caruso master held beautiful rooster took arms stroked glowing feathers caruso caruso caruso humbly carried caruso yard ready leave careful foxes hawks don caruso son uncle george warned look bony face maybe mink minks catch chickens walking gate care uncle george wouldn thousand dollars caruso held gate shut fidgeted nervously thank letting caruso uncle george moving gate uncle george patted kind caruso son stroked caruso feathers tenderly
held feather tenderly stroked stroked strong body curved beautiful rainbow stood fascinated turned leave saw feathers caruso strewn area larger feathers copper colored tail hawk didn swoop find caruso napping hawks shaking fist shadow lone large bird passing overhead took catch caruso bragged hurried home look grandpa look shouted found caruso held beautiful feather high copper colored hawks caught gave tussle feathers pulled copper colored feathers pocket threw hateful hawk feathers trash pile angrily caruso flogged fought grandma kitchen ran grandma whimpered hawks caught burst tears grandma pulled close soothingly son beautiful feather hand give uncle george grandma help remember aunt fanny caruso caruso mine sobbed cried quietly later grandpa arm shoulders walked door swimming hole railroad trestle remember caruso grandpa yes grandpa
edward frost stood window watched rain tossing sudden gusts street wind caught falling straight car tires hissing wet ruffled robin bounded grass took wings flew apparently roof dog running nose ground sleek water edward watched hopefully stories boy wanted dog didn wonderful dog selected stories dogs stray owned saw boy dog loved gave dog stories parents agreed dog idea earlier edward looking dog follow home school refuse leave case didn mother refuse couple times tried lure dog follow whistling snapping fingers running tempting picked dogs homes liked dog wet dog running rain suddenly stop house door cry let wouldn mother sure let edward couldn leave dog rain dog ran street ran dashed halfway lawn stopped shove nose puddling flowerpot backed sneezing sat scratched chin
milling seventh grade classroom morning laughing talking early school winter recess lot talk christmas chanukah fantastic blizzards hadbeen smothering nebraska winter main topic conversation speculation teacher meet morning miss collins started teaching class fall decided married holidays kids thought romantic thought stupid idea laugh planned grow artist married sitting top desk talking friend carla mae carter carla mae big family lived door dad grandmother friends worst friend tanya smithers hurrying door tanya worst friend remember annoyed lot continued part group town clear river didn big choice friends tanya planned famous ballet dancer grew twirling toes striking dramatic pose remind talented comes pavlova carla mae saw tanya coming tells ballet shoes christmas scream addie carla mae tanya breathlessly
jakey running pump house yard grandma sat husking corn held hand fire screeched stuck pig yelling won help grandma calmly happened jakey bee jakey gasped caught bit began scream betty stuffed fingers ears shut yells grandma laid towel full corn took jakey hand examined small red spot palm stinger pulling showing jakey bee die bee live stinger tweaked nose live run inside put ice soon won hurt help finish lifted corn lap joyce asked baskets cleaning grandma pointing scattered corn husks piles fresh beady corn wiped forehead hand going dream corncobs tonight joyce thought tearing open corn sleep gripped fuzzy silk forced husk open hearing rubbery squeak leaves moist corn looked grandma hands look thought grandma hands wrinkled crossed veins strong gripped corn firmly joyce stared hands amazement hands wondered shimmer haze rose fields horizon sun beaten cloudless sky hot betty
tea leeman thank colonel matter discussing ah yes uniform fabric colonel looked dusty indian plain platoon soldiers uniforms covered mud moving compound queen victoria proclaimed empress india leeman turning colonel watching smiled wash wash sir nonsense soldiers roll uniforms dirt khaki natives call hindustani word dirt permit leeman raised eyebrow discipline lax india majesty soldiers dirty ragamuffins shocking permit sir rule soldiers wore whites send manchester picked birds grouse shoot trouble mud washes rain colonel looked salesperson cotton firm firm thing send fabric khaki color wouldn fade sun interesting leeman interesting suddenly overcome vision supplying fabric majesty army india millionaire returned england set lancashire dyer prepared sample sample dye pieces cotton twill brought home mrs leeman boiled copper pan kitchen
prepare report sources information read encyclopedia article magazine article books find information notes notes help remember organize facts read need write entire sentences notes write words called phrase notes copy information word word write information words process called paraphrasing paraphrase change meaning original material merely restate words taking notes information arrange notes outline outlining helps organize information write report main idea outline roman numeral ii supporting detail main idea capital letter roman numeral read article body language study body language scientists study body movements positions movements positions tell person feels person speak body positions postures tell person slump chair mean tired upset sitting arms crossed mean interested told sitting body turned slightly speaker disinterest body movements gestures tell person familiar gestures nod yes
demon weeks water pump incident city steady spring rains didn mind demon boys stayed inside father home company rains lively friendly things strong winds blow sea catch rain knew direction hit drum suddenly roof moment roof silent rain rattled glass wall rain jump tap window opposite side father lined extra repair jobs clocks things fix spare table cluttered spared half hour evening read aeronautical books don think stopped consider wrights demons talked period half hour lesson reward model glider imitating pictures schematics books father set problem ratios convert figure full length original scaled model head abacus managed father cut bamboo strips rice paper slowly construct model chance fly father free raining free skies cloudy look rain father announced flying wear boots heavy coats
belva finished course study national university law school wedgewood delivered news predicted offer diploma mrs lockwood failed examination belva asked contrary say outstanding students sure guess reason majority faculty approve desire follow career law unfair mrs lockwood words acted challenge give firmly seeing mouth set determination shoulders squared battle predicted outcome adversary president united states ulysses grant virtue office honorary head national university law school rarely took hand school affairs surely surprised received personal letter september president national university law school president wish say passed curriculum study school entitled demand diploma president ask papers hold mrs lockwood received reply letter week granted degree signed faculty president grant ceremony cap gown graduation
nadia nadia ask nadia lay motionless try find help cover nadia coat boris started stopped half crouched half standing heart stood moment couldn believe eyes blinked boot snow boot rough green soldier uniform edge white cape heart thumping boris let gaze travel slowly upwards doubt arm lay rifle hand trigger numb fear boris stared face german soldier body trembled moment shocked think clearly looked dazedly german save nadia soldier lowered rifle boris crouched closer ground going beaten nadia flung concentration camp tears helpless rage sprang eyes german think young russian afraid shaking hand drew revolver pocket pointed soldier looked timidly german frightened soldier showed fear shook head slowly side side angrily frowning expected slightly surprised knew gun wasn loaded disappointed relieved boris let hand drop du kleiner machst du hier
rolling landscape kind darker mass cloud reach ground sky column grew wider rose tornado jillian felt defenseless girl dorothy felt wizard oz giant tornado loomed kansas horizon kansas jillian told bright colored things dropping cloud cloud real course real shouted suddenly frightened jillian eyed safety house turned slowly slowly took fifteen steps door terrified didn want panic running continued house kind crazed slow motion jillian entered house slowly deliberately shut door locked moved living room began lowering blinds jillian moved room room movements unwillingly faster walk trot run jerking blinds panic took control hands fumble miss stood moment trying sense thunder lightning distant buzz swarm bees storm clouds coming seen clouds barry laughing feared violence storms jillian decided grateful hear wholehearted laughed thunder clashed lightning flared jillian peace mind
morning ago thomas jefferson climbed horse drawn buggy left fine house virginia traveling nation capital washington served president united states summer morning quiet clip clop horse trotting country road jefferson frowned sound hoofbeats tell wrong horse limping slightly easy molly called mare soothing voice shoe town horse moved jefferson hear tinkle bell attached buggy wheel measuring distance wheel smaller wheels buggy turned hundred times bell rang ten rings bell traveler covered exactly mile jefferson patriot scientist inventor liked things hands greatest wish solve puzzling problems faced young united states troublesome matter america coins nation lands brought kinds money coins bought sold goods received wages paid debts confusion poor storekeeper tried read words french spanish dutch coins idea addition colonies america kind coins adding muddle america money
sun dropping slowly sight stripes purple orange crimson gold piled top distant hills shafts light waited patiently flight wrens find home group anxious stars places cried alec sweep arm pointed enormous symphony orchestra grand sight thousand musicians ranged arc left violins cellos bows moved waves numberless profusion piccolos flutes clarinets oboes bassoons horns trumpets trombones tubas playing rear seen percussion instruments lastly line side steep slope solemn bass fiddles high podium front stood conductor tall gaunt dark deep set eyes thin mouth carelessly pointed nose pointed chin baton conducted large sweeping movements start toes slowly body slender arms end finally tips graceful fingers don hear music milo alec don listen concert watch pay attention conductor waved arms molded air handfuls soft clay musicians carefully direction playing asked tock looking inquisitively alec sunset course
susan davidoff began lose hearing began piano lessons later started ballet lessons susan remembers taking ballet piano lessons tell teachers hearing loss hear difficulty classes moved changed susan hearing condition unknown reasons susan recalls hearing grew worse entered teens didn discuss deafness friends high school felt want knew students class wore hearing aids friends mixed feelings hearing aid despite concern susan decided hearing aid wearing difficult didn tell friends high school deafness felt longer want friends lip reader normal speech hearing loss unnoticed classmates knew wore hearing aid stop activities hearing aid hear phone susan entered college hearing aid help totally deaf thinking susan says wasn dance major freshman college realized start telling deaf pride telling
apparent arbican mortals industrious ingenious fabricating accounts matters typical human fashion convinced products fancy true simply want true suppose harmless occupation find disconcerting blessing don magical powers hate think happen wishes granted gowns feather beds bags gold horses carriages believe tumbling sky soon find pleasure things wish chose useless fair say mallory protested sound gowns feather beds cared wished parents alive happy arbican gruffly enchantment strong magic miracles wish true mallory insisted wish fairy godmother find certainly godmother retorted arbican don reach vale innis soon mean die arbican answered flatly short order lived didn say place cried mallory terrible sure sure answered arbican say asked mallory dismayed arbican words enchanter appeared sit talk calmly dying
mallory puzzled unconvinced asked arbican tell enchanter discovered provisions hamper cramming bits pie mouth deal problems mumbled enchanter trying chew talk deal mine insisted snoring devising plan getting vale innis found course replied arbican simple thought immediately sail boat place village sailboat mallory barge timber yard river hodge ferry logs couple rowboats common craft vale innis enchanter build build wood oak tree prison vessel freedom doubt magic seeped wood built boat asked mallory arbican stood ear caught eels sieve situation deal swallowing morsels food arbican climbed feet brushed crumbs beard cheeks mallory glad turned healthy pink eyes brightened enchanter stepped briskly cave fallen oak
scrambled feet sign enchanter glanced hurriedly directions loss turn stables close raced thinking arbican hidden stalls waving pitchfork stable boy wakeling pelting corner mallory turned sharply wakeling paid heed fleeing girl ran house collided women scrupnor squire stag paddock wakeling cried blast stag bellowed scrupnor trying disengage excited stable boy saw answered wakeling stag roared scrupnor shoving boy find stop girl mallory reached nearest outbuildings headed stables kennels heard frantic yelping scrupnor hunting pack changed course afraid enchanter blundered dog runs suddenly shed sprang tallest stag mallory seen creature bounded path reared haunches shook antlered head jump dumbfounded instant mallory stare animal stamped impatiently say climb daring waste moment questioning arbican mallory clambered astride scrupnor wakeling pounded stable yard stopped short seeing clinging prancing stag cried wakeling cook shop girl riding sight squire huge animal lowered head bounded scrupnor
rains umbrellas streets colors hold heads umbrellas help dry lived ago egypt seen umbrellas rained seen sky clear heat sun egypt hot rain hot dry place wanted protect sun invented umbrellas umbrella makes shadow small piece shade fact word umbrella means comes latin word shade umbrella means shade umbrellas heavy wood fold umbrellas hard kings queens umbrellas saw umbrella knew important rainy place trip saw umbrella person thought umbrellas umbrellas protect hot sun maybe protect rain began umbrellas rained umbrellas hard kings queens ago found ways umbrellas wood metal cloth umbrellas easier able umbrellas
morning sun ricky crowed wake big breakfast zym watch thompson amazed thompson milking cow amazed find egg myra nest kind animals planet thompson asked don room animals zym need space machines houses moving roads cats mice real playing push buttons cat runs mouse find dull sad animals thompson let look bit field zym stopped short looks small sun end green stick cried sunflower thompson called looks sun likes turn face look sun beautiful zym joy mind watch wonderful flower thompson plow fields zym watched sunflower thompson later afternoon looked tired poor zym hard rocks field friend harder harder plow ho kind pay zym saucer carrying strange machine ray gun thompson short rocks
astronauts fly earth explore space moon maybe explore worlds aquanauts floor sea explore places strange wonderful astronauts seen beautiful fish swim ocean aquanaut water stay unusual creatures find things dreamed stay water short special gear kind gear aquanauts pretend aquanaut gear need thing need air tank air tank air breathe water wear tank short hose tank brings air mouth dive lot air pumped tank tank hold air breathe water hour need flippers face mask wear flippers feet help swim water hands face mask covers face helps getting water eyes need heavy belt waterproof watch belt keeps body water watch tells water stay hour air tank important friend dive friend help water ready tank full air
parker family gathered instruments music pomponio sat harpsichord carefully cleaning paws beany happy tonight mother birds brain sam wanted start playing parker shook bow sam asked sung beany beany softly felt sad wonder couldn find wrong legend joy heart beany father sure playing yes sure beany birds re playing beany re singing asked mother don beany hiding maybe don sam parker shook bow sam sam gave beany idea stop bird singing wonder recorder pomp sudden beany took recorder started house pomponio ran pomponio beany holding door open let find true raced woods beany comfortable large rock trees pomponio beany hide pile leaves try pomponio stretched leg slowly thinking pomponio beany think play handel scarlatti beany played pomponio yawned heard handel note scarlatti hid deep pile leaves
rain stopped stream drip drip trees heard warm afternoon kate sat living room reading letter alice smith outdoors kate sun aunt isabel called kitchen kate didn move strange things sure happen city read night house broken papers moved daddy office police imagine coming home finding front door broken sure hope house shadow lake okay maybe check kate gordon aunt isabel shouted kate jumped ran pushing letter pocket strange happens shadow lake sighed walking slowly stream mile stream ran shadow lake gave town kate lived liked shadow lake summer city winter dull fun making stories lion saw woods lion mrs rico cat kate lake sign smith getting lake road ready summer countryside nearly ready kate noticed colors leaves flowers beautiful rain alice written family lake weeks kate walked path smith house wish alice thought fun big house stood quiet closed sleeping
aunt isabel put bright headlights saw began speed kate mother saw signs isabel watch called ahead police car red light swung truck blocked road highway working unable pass truck blue car stopped suddenly aunt isabel brought car stop feet officer greenly ms howard ms gordon kate earth aunt isabel pleased blue car hurt officer greenly sure officer greenly looked puzzled explain asked aunt isabel kate walked blue car stared angrily listen told officer greenly thing happened women driving noticed car thought wanted rob tried kate aunt isabel asked workshop yes answered kate able look kate mother joined explained kate sure saw ted smith workshop throwing papers knows broke ted city office week kate workshop asked officer greenly windows high story kate mother explain later think kate telling truth workshop case officer greenly look car
friends found things found hammer workers left johnny lucky found baseball bat looked summer played joe russ fort bricks watch twins didn hurt broken glass nails lot arleen friend margie sister put things mouth didn look pretty place swing kids tire hung poles drove ground waiting tell playing ladies car stood looking lot watched heard lady mess look broken glass junk lady place children lady beautiful city places mayor thought mayor ready run didn ladies give orders
playing car stopped ladies mayor kids hide fast hid watched ladies looked pile dirt mad mayor place cleaned mayor yes remember gave orders clean dumped pile dirt lot bet waiting pile dirt lady children playing lot dangerous place play mayor yes re dangerous cleaned fence put joe going pile dirt arleen kids started cry kids let think ladies pointing things talking mayor shaking head thought think marched felt pushing walked front leave stuff looked surprised mayor kids pile dirt play don mayor look sure lot looked junk mayor children want clean place
ago sun water friends lived earth sun visit water water returned visits sun asked water house water replied sun house big drive sun water wish visit build large house warn large place lot room sun promised build large house soon returned wife moon greeted broad smile sun told moon promised water began building large house entertain friend asked water visit water arrived called sun asked safe water enter sun answered yes tell friend water began flow fish water animals soon water knee deep asked sun safe sun yes soon water level top person head water sun want sun moon answered yes knowing water flowed
teacher told grade classes trip pioneer park boat river explained cost dollars trip place excited lots things plans passed laurie sadder sadder sure dollars daddy spend guess don say laurie maybe father give money rosie thanks rosie money laurie mean rosie quiet maybe earn money earn think laurie excited rosie angie babysitting jobs laurie afternoon school kids liked played collected empty bottles found street took store money week later laurie angie rosie box money laurie dollars rosie counted money didn count dollars add laurie kids laughed laurie laughed rosie thought sad friend didn count night told story laurie family nice girl smart
eats supper beach waits high hill sun set fourth july soon night falls colored rockets fill sky sparks higher higher spray fall place big paper dragon comes street big ten carry excited children shout beat drums greet dragon tiny firecrackers bang chinese boat floats lake river dark shore amazed fire fountains whistle high air fair fireworks help celebrate love bright noisy magic fireworks celebrate special days rockets zipping firecrackers popping fire fountains whistling pinwheels turning glowing sky beautiful colors explode burst air reds greens blues yellows fantastic sight fireworks thousand chinese invented knows sure fireworks guess chances began accident colors fireworks chemicals exploding chemicals fireworks noisy maybe ago chemicals cooking pot bubbled cooking fire hit chemicals fire exploded blam imagine surprise celebrated special days wonderful sights sounds fireworks learned fireworks put amazing shows
miss tibbett lived city lived small room big sweet potato plant striped cat typewriter liked sweet potato plant grew wound room covered front door liked cat scratched tables chairs liked typewriter wasn working order miss tibbett liked clackety sound keys fingers pressed liked sound bell end line ping line ping line line page ping ping ping ping keys press keys numbers keys kinds marks marks sounded slow lazy marks sounded excited rows keys letters top row qwertyuiop miss tibbett thought sounded morning bird calling qwertyuiop qwertyuiop tried hide covers qwertyuiop bird calling qwertyuiop qwertyuiop row letters asdfghjkl asdfghjkl miss tibbett knew meant asdfghjkl sound elephant sneeze asdfghjkl kachoo kachoo bless elephant row letters zxcvbnm miss tibbett sure days zxcvbnm animal lived millions ago days likely zxcvbnm creature planet creature friendly wasn sure
forget trying win parker leave let rustlers learn okay scrappy let karate chop scrappy bassett began move link posse closed close action sure link didn escape doug felt sorry link bad guy scrappy moving didn fair wait doug yelled suddenly maybe wait find johnny hawkins say link buy skates fact remember kid bought lot skates run ask posse hold link till kid doug watched doug broke posse rounded corner run passed tyson tyson house caught eye slowed turned saw doug walking tyson put white sign taped brick wall front house top important notice hand printed crayon caught doug eye raced past hand drawn crayon picture roller skates doug read sign read slowly zowie thought act fast tearing sign holding raced corner alley
stop doug shouted stop link wilson didn listened scrappy winding karate chop woman television doug acted fast holding sign crashed circle closed watch action caught scrappy arm land link stop shouted holding sign high hand read parker stepped took sign doug read seconds looked foolish seconds took coyotes barked scrappy lay thought mind thought turning link okay link guess re clean re free happened read sign parker holding read turned link gathered shook hand pounded thought bad guy theodore jenkins wrong peter gidding re sorry lot talking okay link surprised skate scooters parker money blue white shooting stars want johnny crane kids giving orders green red stars blue gold stripes sides pictures bluebirds scrappy bassett giving order pulling twenty cents pocket kids ordered skate scooters business link wilson
mexican art found home san francisco california mexican museum shows mexican mexican american art mexican museum mexico san francisco perfect city museum million mexican americans live california americans visit museum enjoy art mexico director founder museum peter rodriguez rodriguez artist twenty visited mexico saw beautiful art mexico wanted rodriguez worked dream opening museum finally november mexican museum opened rodriguez gave museum collection mexican art pieces art museum folk art mexican today museum shows collections kinds art visitors learn collection museum staff staff talks tours programs english spanish lauro lopez painted called bodegon con pina means pineapple group things move jesus reyes ferreira began paint fifty horse caballito painted thin paper candelario medrano lopez mexican folk artist colorful creature known nagual looks bull human face julia lopez painted picture boy selling flowers spanish painting named el vendedor de flores
objection vindicate principles peace justice selfish autocratic power set free governed peoples concert purpose action henceforth insure observance principles neutrality longer feasible desirable peace involved freedom peoples menace peace freedom lies existence autocratic governments backed organized force controlled wholly seen neutrality circumstances beginning age insisted standards conduct responsibility wrong observed nations governments observed individual citizens civilized states quarrel german feeling sympathy friendship impulse government acted entering war previous knowledge approval war determined wars determined unhappy days peoples consulted rulers wars provoked waged interest dynasties groups ambitious accustomed fellow pawns tools governed nations fill neighbor states spies set course intrigue bring critical posture affairs give opportunity strike conquest
majority yorkers news looking forward exactly clock afternoon blaring sirens set air raid warnings combined clamor bells city hall borough halls churches rising clamor hundreds factory whistles joined noise soon sudden hope stirred outbreak sirens confirmed telephone calls appearance streets extra bearing headline germany surrenders war clamor knew mean thing soon pouring streets residence districts crowding newstands gathering groups corners shake hands exchange dazed congratulations tidings spread clamor grew schoolhouses teachers janitors pupils papers carrying news room parochial public schools children told war chidden responded shout rejoicing star spangled banner marseillaise sung school noise grew steadily streets church bell factory whistle took adding din celebration automobiles drove streets horns buzzing hooting fire houses engines hastily rolled curb stoked full head steam whistles tied sirens gongs trucks worked violently continuously
anxious human united states render service civilization peace mankind putting leading strings subjecting policies sovereignty nations independence united states precious single possession look united states today mistakes past shortcomings mistakes future fall short hopes country today face earth compare ordered liberty peace largest freedom feel say accused undue boastfulness simple fact making treaty taking obligations spirit unselfishness desire mankind remember dealing nations direct individual interest serve grave danger unshared idealism contrast united states country face earth today ask situation united states found service step service maintenance united states call selfish conservative reactionary harsh adjectives fit apply american born american remained
government established alexander hamilton tench coxe urging americans surrender local specialization national exchange commodities later albert gallatin matthew carey henry clay took arguments urging fellow citizens diversify economy separate manufacturing agriculture remove factory home americans capital manufacturing evoked enthusiasm failure industrial enterprises actually undertaken hamilton strengthened aversion lines england france war americans capturing carrying trade making fortunes ocean commerce fortunes land speculation american population grew rapidly demand farms increased reason american capitalists divert funds manufacturing nearly utterly inexperienced profoundly convinced inability compete english increase american foreign trade growth american population prejudice american capitalists manufacturing gradually began opposite effect imported factory products landed quantity coastal ports sold country merchants creating desire factory goods farmers making home number farmers increased immigration natural reproduction demand factory goods grew steadily local merchants began seek sources supply roads canals give access important distributing points farmers began seek markets commercial crops cash buy store goods
textile factories constructed america cities mainly ports rural areas devoted farming facilities accomodate armies workers rooming houses scarce towns farming areas swift rivers affording power run machines likely factories located vacant rooms stores schools churches accomodate earliest factory enterprises waltham chicopee lowell nashua develop company towns start workers began live company houses purchase cases company stores attend company churches schools employers generally absentee owners interests extended manufacturing real estate transportation water power development finance conditions typical england textile industry found flour milling regions iron industry jersey pennsylvania iron industry organized feudal corporate basis barons huge tracts mineral lands bound complete servility hundreds families members worked mines mills textile companies supplied houses accomodations paid money wages force operatives buy company stores western pennsylvania wages rarely seen employees debt barons corporations entered industry conditions gradually improved late partnership capital housed employed families condition ironworkers textile operatives information plentiful yankee girls majority
york shippers lacked cargo journey eastward atlantic enterprise gained access greatest american markets organized ocean inland shipping bring markets manufactures luxuries export pay luxuries cotton supplied answer rich banks extend commercial credit large warehouses store raw materials merchant fleet carry materials established growing markets york merchants began invasion southern cotton depots strong competitive position southerners despise trade hate moneychangers spend profits charleston season invest cotton lands slaves task northerners easier successful northern merchants engaged cotton trade forty cents dollar paid planter staple north distributed interest commissions freight tolls insurance shared distribution added ranks southern enemies thick northern manufacturers high tariffs finished commodities agricultural south refused produce triangular trade developed cotton south commercial york industrial england southern planters fell deeper deeper debt cotton produced contributed treasuries northern shippers northern bankers soon producing cotton prices began fall panic checked expansion industry trade southerners suffered severely eggs basket bottom basket fallen
living sumptuously beacon hill admired neighbors philanthrophy patronage art culture traded street overseers ran factories managers directed railroads agents sold water power real estate absentee landlords complete sense uncontaminated diseases factory town protected hearing complaints workers suffering mental depression dismal squalid surroundings metropolis art literature education science flowered golden industrial towns children fathers mothers schools doctors promises bed rare luxury corporation permitted ambitious financiers diversify holdings give energy insight daring multifarious ventures bulk personal property protected limited liability speculate small risk chances money lax laws banks insurance companies invest type speculative securities stocks bonds banks railroads land warrants mortgages foreign consols unfettered publicity corporation directors manipulate accounts cancel losses successes pay dividends debts speculate free hand fail impunity license gave impetus american development completely lacking older system individual partnership enterprise left scars unwary suffers saddened stockholder associate enterprises expressed feelings thousands words physician watch patient care skill merchant tradesman proprietor property assiduously guard interests politician serve constituents
acts graduation act kansas nebraska act reducing price unclaimed land cases twelve half cents acre led huge speculative purchases land sales averaged jumped total actually settlement course impossible tell febrile activity gave impetus investment struggling railroads promotion despite prevalent tightness money opening territories settlement slaveholders free farmers alike kansas nebraska act unloosed compact area pent feeling north south zealots section stormed region hotly competing control dominance side largest number supporters immigrant societies north planters south settlers west promising expenses provided stay land combined population territories speed size migration created local land boom proportions influenced speculation country streaming west chance check accounts panic hopes heightened developments speculators afford ignore constant scarcity money usurious rates demanded loans money tight tight remained interest rates types commercial paper higher twenty call loan rates rose steadily speculation let prices railroad stock fluctuated sharply general trend
war expenditures increased internal taxes compensatory duties increased tariff rates higher tariff act says taussig ways crude ill considered contained flagrant abuses shape duties chief effect bring money pockets private individuals war ended internal taxes speedily repealed import duties manufacturers railroad grown rich government aid determined retain control sources aid morrill exclaimed mistake friends sound tariff insist extreme rates imposed war ensuing heeded extent rates reduced articles america produce protective features stuck congress erecting insurmountable tariff walls army decimating ranks labor strikes spreading employers complained friendly legislators tried satisfy contract labor law signed july validating contracts abroad congress took pains formally declare laborer imported terms law drafted military service quickly group industrialists formed american emigrant company capitalized country europe agents large cities opened branch offices employers known needs knowledge cheap docile hands promptly found contract laborer involved person avoided taint slavery involuntary servitude
expansion meant economy rockefeller pursuit economy relentless hated contemporaries methods chiefly adept means lay hand steps progress rivals means build pipe lines bulk ships tank wagons couldn agents country couldn manufacture acid bungs wicks lamps cooperage things ramified indefinitely couldn purchasing agents taking advantage large buying society strove apply laws individualism activities corporations rockefeller found plenty company successful seekers loopholes evasions business conditions gilded age changing faster legal system van businessmen rockefeller generally jumps ahead law testifying colleagues hepburn committee william vanderbilt expressed popular opinion yes shrewd don believe legislative enactment states states top ebullient rockefeller andrew carnegie character oil genius management carnegie salesmanship similar methods achieve results wonderfully astute selecting jobs pushing limit capacities
republican party emerged war period savior union emancipator negro grantor homesteads railroad lands high tariffs strong emotional material claims affections american hand democrats older party side traditional allegiances members machines loss south radical reconstruction decimated resources democrats maintained ranks north controlled states municipalities parties monopolized political offices traded members business pools traded market rights divided profits philadelphia instance republican reformers appealed democrats support candidate receiver taxes regular republican ticket put gas ring share booty ring democratic bosses refused preferred allowing republican organization win jeopardize system political business supporting independent reformer conditions permitted republican stalwarts entrench federal governments run course war reconstruction complete southern democrats retrieved civil political rights federal troops supporting carpetbag governments removed addition stalwarts dying retiring politics oliver morton died zach chandler logan simon cameron boss pennsylvania seventy abdicated favor son conkling refused patronage garfield resigned senate ben butler bolted republican party democratic governor massachusetts greenback candidate presidency
structure nineteenth century american law complex rigid foundations reached english middle ages framework eighteenth century elaboration laws property commercial industrial class superficial trimmings added nineteenth century united states doctrine stare decisis decision precedents essence conservatism growth common law slow organic development permitting change single generation american constitutional law based essentially precedents mainly precedents english common law appointed judgeships united states generally educated think terms existing legal environment represented strongly veblen called trained incapacity incapacity evaluate events restricted light training course lawyers judges structure law objectively relation rest society majority united states supreme court large bench justices united states supreme court fifty built profitable legal practices brilliant political careers generally moderately distinguished middle class families views traditional satisfy majority senate profitable type legal practice seventy corporation law majority members highest court period previously served corporations ascended bench political legal careers knew needs business
rubashov stretched bunk wrapped top blanket clock unlikely winter sleepy thinking decided brought examination days took nez laid stone paved floor cigarette stump smiled shut eyes warmly wrapped blanket felt protected months afraid dreams minutes later warder turned light looked spy hole cell rubashov slept turned wall head outstretched left arm stuck stiffly bed hand end hung loosely twitched sleep hour earlier officials commissariat interior hammering rubashov door order arrest rubashov dreaming arrested knocking grown louder rubashov strained wake practised tearing nightmares dream arrest returned periodically ran course regularity clockwork strong effort managed stop clockwork pull dream effort succeed weeks exhausted sweated panted sleep clockwork hummed dream dreamed hammering door stood waiting arrest
rubashov walked cell door window bunk wash basin bucket half steps half steps door turned window left prison habit change direction turn rapidly dizzy brain pictured cross section brain painted neatly grey water colour sheet paper stretched drawing board drawing pins whorls grey matter swelled entrails curled round muscular snakes vague misty spiral nebulae astronomical charts inflated grey whorls knew nebulae whorls reason history oracle science later later taught means tables statistics supplemented anatomical sections teacher draw blackboard algebraic formula representing conditions masses nation period citizens objective factors conditioned historical process pointing ruler grey foggy landscape lobe brain subjective reflection factors quarter twentieth century led triumph totalitarian principle east europe stage reached politics remain bloody dilettantism mere superstition black magic rubashov heard sound marching corridor step
tapping regularly times short intervals pause times pause times rubashov repeated series heard anxious find knew quadratic alphabet lot fumbling taught wall thick poor resonance put head close hear clearly watch spy hole obviously lot practice tapped distinctly unhurriedly hard object pencil rubashov memorizing numbers tried practice visualize square letters compartments horizontal rows letters tapped times row letter row pause taps row taps letter row times times letter row stopped practical person thought rubashov wants deal according revolutionary etiquette started political tag news talked food tobacco later days later introduce oneself rubashov experience confined countries party persecuted persecutor members party conspiratorial reasons knew christian names changed lost meaning
rubashov slowly window saw young officer small moustache monocle stuck staring stupid grin wall separated eye lens glassy reddish eyelid turned head thinking gave canaille shot rubashov looked whitewashed wall felt standing face turned thought heard panting breath yes shot wonder remember ago civil war seventy hundred lay plane case richard knew revolution end put saddle thought rubashov looked whitewashed wall stood meantime lit cigarette blowing smoke wall accounts settle owe fare common currency common language want started tap rubashov wall sending tobacco heard faintly heard hammering door order attract warder attention rubashov held breath minutes heard shuffling footsteps approaching
loewy crossed french frontier passport arrested days told betake country released told climb moon observed turned party help country party told inquiries native country wandered days arrested sentenced months imprisonment served sentence gave cell companion tramp course lectures resolutions party congress return let secret making living catching cats selling skins months night wood belgian frontier gendarmes gave bread cheese packet french cigarettes straight half hour belgium catch knock head weeks loewy drifted belgium turned party help received answer france plane trees tried cat trade fairly easy catch cats obtained skin young mangy equivalent half loaf bread packet pipe tobacco capture selling lay unpleasant operation quickest grasped cat ears hand tail broke knee
crossed narrow windowless courtyard blind shaft dark hung open sky side courtyard corridors brighter doors longer concrete painted wood brass handles busy officials passed door wireless playing heard typewriter administrative department stopped door end corridor warder knocked inside telephoning quiet voice called minute patiently saying yes receiver voice familiar rubashov place agreeably masculine voice slightly husky certainly heard voice warder opened door shut immediately rubashov rubashov saw desk sat college friend battalion commander ivanov looking smilingly putting receiver ivanov rubashov stood door pleasant surprise drily sit ivanov polite gesture risen standing half head taller rubashov looked smilingly sat ivanov desk rubashov front stared unrestrained curiosity ivanov tender smile rubashov expectant watchful glance slid ivanov leg table ivanov artificial leg automatic joints rustless chromium plating swim ride drive car dance cigarette held wooden cigarette case rubashov
rubashov working notes walking cell stood window forehead pane watched prisoners round exercise occurred groups twelve circled round yard pairs distance ten paces middle yard stood uniformed officials saw prisoners talk formed axis roundabout turned slowly steadily exactly twenty minutes prisoners conducted building door simultaneously group entered yard left door monotonous roundabout relief days rubashov looked familiar faces found relieved moment wanted avoid reminder distract task task thoughts conclusion terms past future living dead ten days left term set ivanov hold thoughts writing writing exhausted force hour rest brain worked account rubashov believed knew moral prejudices illusions phenomenon called person singular granted emotion phenomenon endowed impulses generally reluctant admit
meantime weeks ago order appoint librarian political responsibility contents legation library appointed arlova post rubashov mumbled kindergarten held thing imbecility evening weekly meeting legation party cell arlova sharply attacked sides speakers secretary rose complained important speeches found library hand full oppositional works books politicians unmasked spies traitors agents foreign powers recently occupied prominent positions shelves avoid suspicion intentional demonstration speakers dispassionate cuttingly business carefully selected phrases giving cues prearranged text speeches ended conclusion party chief duty watchful denounce abuses mercilessly fulfill duty accomplice vile saboteurs arlova summoned statement usual equanimity evil intent instruction speaking deep slightly blurred voice let glance rest rubashov presence meeting ended resolution give arlova warning
rubashov fetched walk hour breakfast rip van winkle companion round circled slowly side side blanket shoulders silence rubashov sunk thought glancing attentively nez prisoners windows building growing stubble beard gentle childlike smile humming eternal song walk exchanged word rubashov saw officials seriously try enforce rule silence pairs circle talked incessantly looking stiffly ahead speaking prison technique familiar rubashov moving lips rubashov brought note book pencil note book stuck left pocket ten minutes noticed eyes lit glanced covertly warders centre circle holding animated conversation interested prisoners rapidly pulled pencil note book rubashov pocket began scribble cover bell blanket finished quickly tore page pressed rubashov hand retained block pencil scribbling rubashov guards paying attention looked page written drawing geographical sketch country drawn astonishing accuracy showed principal towns mountains rivers flag planted middle bearing symbol revolution
arrived england wilderness puritans planned colony lines religious beliefs ideas french religious reformer john calvin formed basis puritanism calvin taught unworthy powerful knowing god earth unremitting struggle god satan mission earth glorify god unceasing effort worthy goodness god mercy predestined salvation heaven called elect rest mankind destined eternal suffering hell helpless shape destiny choice saved damned god individual try lead free sin pray god reveal membership elect personal religious experience puritans considered chosen god delivered promised land confident held true faith saved holier puritan led elect according calvin bible sole source religious authority feature church religious ceremony expressly authorized scriptures eliminated puritan worship church leaders instructed interpret scriptures members church judge leaders correct individuals read bible learn god ministers advise congregations scriptures puritans emphasis education
colonists remained loyal britain included lose break britain wealthy landholders merchants characters kenneth roberts oliver wiswell explained position land belongings positions re standing guns opposition re conservative true conservative ages lands true dissent extreme injudicious measures violence oppression revolution reckless statements misrepresentations loyalists included religious sects minority groups felt threatened unstable conditions political dangers rebellion hoped agitation eventually cease conditions gradually revert prior stamp act passed loyalist grew weaker rebel grew stronger rebels samuel adams patrick henry spark comparable loyalist leaders emerged unite opinion win support large segment uncommitted goal continuation british rule loyalists constantly looked britain guidance solutions end tensions british advantage support create force counter rising tide rebellion boston york philadelphia centers revolutionary ideas activities radical thinkers congregated formulated british arguments publicized main weapon rebels press chief radicals samuel adams aim overthrow british political system based aristocratic privilege replace democratic order based popular
united states nations american colonies rebel european mother country american states create lincoln term bring nation modern nationalism inaugurated american french revolution united states faced problems unknown nations nineteenth century europe twentieth nation america nation nations grew prepared soil built foundation history traditions america foundations laid seeds planted traditions formed problem confronted united states radically confronted let say belgium italy greece germany nineteenth century norway finland iceland israel twentieth states amply equipped history tradition memory essential ingredients nationalism political independence nation product history united states history creation nation suggestive nation familiar unnecessary emphasize familiar importance history tradition memory successful nationalism matter statesmen historians philosophers nationalism agreed core edmund burke philosophy nation society partnership past present future english derive possess inheritance forefathers
debate social political role negroes white southerners agreed georgia journalist henry grady wrote book south white race superior black race whites control public affairs view expressed george washington cable southern author thought point southern honor sure negroes received equal treatment southern political leaders agree cable tom watson career tom watson georgia lawyer politician illustrates dilemma facing whites concerned blacks participate fully southern watson family poor whites political leader sought create coalition class negroes undermine power white businessmen democratic party eloquent appeal equal rights negroes won early notice georgia democratic convention watson left democratic party help form populist party georgia populist leader watson tried unite black white small farmers democratic machine plea unity emphasized economic political gains farmers forgetting racial differences separately fleeced earnings hate hatred rested keystone arch financial despotism enslaves deceived blinded race antagonism perpetuates monetary system beggars blacks flocked populist party thousands doyle young negro preacher sixty speeches watson congressional campaign despite repeated threats
bloodiest wars total deaths union confederate armies computed facts appalls careful student enormous amount suffering field hospitals evidence view general readers incontrovertible armies worse provided medical surgical facilities napoleon united states peace began war practically medical service sanitary commission body privately organized supported northern armies duplicated experience british forces crimea secretary war stanton deliberately impeded commission ugly aspect civil war generally devastation systematic accompanied reasons devastation facts official reports tale painful recital easily monotonous war south general depredation wanton destruction organized devastation terms property anticipated worst chapters wars georgia shenandoah suffered precisely belgium servia suffered executions omitted barbaric excuse war barbarism final devastation half south horrible behold distressing think savage losses inflicted americans fellow americans worst aspect conflict easily reparable
nineteenth century overseas migration peoples interconnected movement farm city estimated european migrated united states europeans moved farm city europe coming america flowed cities sons daughters american farmers migration rural industrial city scarcely abated dramatic migration recent times rural southern negro mexican puerto rican northern western cities movement brought negro bitter conflict occasions earlier minorities irish italian slav feel hard won status threatened newcomers minimal friction immigrant groups american revolution resulted slow steady nature immigration dominant english quality immigrants nineteenth century progressed immigrant stream torrent hundred thirty million immigrants united states half period majority immigrants british isles germany scandinavia switzerland holland starting focus immigration shifted dramatically fifteen million immigrants arrived chiefly austria hungary italy poland russia greece romania turkey migrant destination american city newly arrived immigrants constituted nearly fifty percent population cities immigrants tended cluster groups part city called ghetto kind practice customs
decades nineteenth century napoleon bonaparte attempted conquer europe france master series engagements gained control continental europe west russia britain france fighting declared war remained sphere domination napoleon realized britain posed threat effective control europe sought defeat nation militarily possibility conquering britain invasion evaporated royal navy command lord admiral horatio nelson smashed french naval power battle trafalgar gibraltar finding unable invade britain armies napoleon tried destroy economic means issued berlin decree prohibited trade britain european nation french control decree declared british isles blockade stated ships neutral nations disregarding blockade subject seizure cargoes subject confiscation answer berlin decree british issued series orders council barred trading france allies penalty seizure confiscation prohibited trade european ports closed british ships required neutral vessels clear british ports calling open ports europe napoleon immediately countered move milan decree declared vessels complying british orders passing british port submitting british search high seas subject seizure french
american imperialism result war spain conflict product americans intolerable situation spanish ruled cuba spanish misrule island stretched decades led cubans revolt united states tried mediate bloody rebellion proposing spain grant cuba independence spain rejected offer war continued sides exhausted revolt broke adversely affected american business interests island crush destructive rebellion spanish government forced hundreds thousands cubans concentration camps disease starvation brutality responsible death tens thousands exiled cuban revolutionaries united states worked hard gain sympathy americans aided american newspapers atrocities insurgents describing spanish officials butchers classic yellow journalism newspaper reporting caters sensationalism distorts events order sway public opinion joseph pulitzer york william randolph hearst york journal vied describing inhumane conditions concentration camps spaniards resented felt deliberate distortion cuban situation american press acknowledged living conditions camps demoralized inmates caused diseases spread alarmingly spanish officials saw combatting guerilla warfare tactics insurgents view cut guerrillas source supplies herd cuban peasants large camps
late nineteenth century united states japan enjoyed friendly relations japanese held united states high esteem occasions japanese diplomats sought advice american statesmen concerning dealings western powers americans turn impressed rate modernization achieved japanese consider japan schoolmaster asia worthy model asian nations twentieth century relations nations strained japanese set path territorial economic expansion put collision course united states rift american relations japan grew conflict japan russia nineteenth century russia enlarged sphere influence manchuria extending control manchurian railroads russia showed signs moving korea viewed japanese dagger pointed heart japan powers unable settle differences russia wanted neutral zone korea north parallel counterbalance japan special interest southern korea japan wanted free hand korea counter russia dominant position manchuria japanese launched surprise attack february russian fleet lying anchor port arthur completely destroyed american officials officially neutral strongly pro japanese struggle president theodore roosevelt informed russian naval loss port arthur wrote son breathe pleased japanese victory japan playing game
shewne meanes woman truely conceived purpose handle question satisfaction curious minds soone chirurgion hath censure woman child demaunds presently boy wench hard woman child reason needs farre difficult discerne distinguish difference sexe determine boy wench boast certainely part hapneth chance arte skill thereof shewed child newly mothers laying hand parts durst bold give opinion thereof saying judge seeing gathered evident wee account greatest part uncertaine neverthelesse distinguish male female presently shew marks knew observe ancient moderne writers yong women commonly child boy wench hoter elder women observed aristotle saith farther aged woman children chance conceive sure wench
comes according nature throwes increasing woman child doth strive doth selfe freed midwife incourage woman entreating hold breath stopping mouth downward assuring quickly eased paine child ready exhorting patient promising goodly sonne faire daughter according affection inclined midwives greatest charge doe hastily rashly force inlarge passage child lesse let foorth water breake teare membranes containe expect till breake selfe midwives ignorance impatience womans labour teare membranes let foorth water hurt danger woman child water bing issued voided appointed yea oftentimes child turned hath death women children water indevour mother likewise child newly broken aswell midwife rest women present incourage woman especially throwes increase beseeching god farther possibly
children competent education specially disposing course settle liberty stepping pleasure places seeks abode end required parents discerning judgment disposition difficult difficulty ariseth partiality parents crow thinks bird fairest commonly children towardly indifferent judge doth partiality gross deem small things evils small account things commendable censure indecent enormous pernicious error ariseth love nature object seen eye disposition child rightly discerned lieth father heart knowledge build vain uncertain foundation hazard loss labour expense sorting child calling course rash adventure fit course degree fit ability disposition applied convenient diligence part helps easily mediocrity rareness
adde ariseth distinction god maketh betweene society shew foundation ground personall callings point bee considered explaine god word hath ordained societie partly common wealth partly church partly family god live converse himselfe maintaining society hath ordained certaine bond linke saint paul calleth bond peace bond perfection love howsoever hee hath ordained societies bond hath appointed distinction betweene regard person respects hand foote eye hand part foot eye howsoever part linked distinction betwixt members hand hand foot foote foote hand eye societies distinction members thereof respects regard gifts god bestowed giving gifts according pleasure distinction regard gifts paul intreates large cor chapter sheweth diversity gifts god bestwoes church proportionally society
concerning controversy dancing question dancing sinful granted pyrrhical polemical saltation vault armour shew strength activity question sober grave dancing women women allowable doubt offence due season moderation prince philosophers observed truly dancing leaping natural expression joy sin laughter outward expression rejoycing question concerning gynecandrical dancing commonly called mist promiscuous dancing women elder young persons affirm utterly unlawfuland tollerated place england sin transported affection judgment let arguments weighed ballance sanctuary scripture condemns sinful atheists deny proposition scripture condemns promiscuous dancing assumption proved seventh commandment eternal truth observed expounding commandments sin forbidden highest acts sin degrees thereof occasions leading thereto prohibited find orthodox judicious divine writeth commandments mentions promiscuous dancing breach seventh commandment occasion incentive evil sight god
informed plantations resort commanders strangers prevent jurisdiction ordered court authority thereof henceforth strangers quality soever age sixteen arriving ports parts jurisdiction ship vessel immediately brought deputy magistrates master mate ship vessel penalty twenty pound default thereof give account occasions country satisfaction order strangers deputy magistrates county court meet record names qualities strangers returned court publication order ordered posted doors posts meeting houses publick places port townes jurisdiction captain castle known order ship vessel passeth constable port town endeavour ships vessels land passengers strangers nations professing true christian religion fly tyranny oppression persecutors famine warrs compulsory entertained succoured according power prudence god give
notice nature wofully corrupted depraved apt sleep precious truths god dispensed yea apt sleep woful creatures wicked profess hear sermons purpose sleep finding times disposed argueth satans malice corruption depravation nature inclined evil indisposed thing yea sit sleep preaching paul alive preacher earth austin wishes lord seen meet christ flesh wish seen paul pulpit notwithstanding pauls excellent preacher sit sleep ministry soul melting sermons preached christ saviour pardon sin glory heaven sleep soul awakening sermons preached rocks rend bleed word falls heaven thunder voice lord powerful full majesty able break cedars lebanon wilderness shake sit sleep woful corruption desperate hardness hearts children
concerns families government thereof amiss families pray god constantly morning evening scriptures daily read word christ dwell richly houses full ignorance profaneness duly inspected wrath round householders profess religion gates subject order nay children servants due subjection masters parents especially sinfully indulgent sin brings judgments eli david family respect christians land indians need wonder lord hath afflicted sin discerned instrument providence doth punish evils abound proceed defects family government sinful heats hatreds church members abound evil surmissings uncharitable unrighteous censures backbitings hearing telling tales remember duly observe rule angry countenance drive talebearer reproachful reviling expressions lawsuits frequent brother going law brother provoking abusing public courts judicature scandal holy profession
asked godly question mean loves professedly christians charity profession won charity tho join church rejoin forbush trying true grace heart love christ disciples doubted sister doth ask things clear fair christ disciples mean saint john doth brethren understood bear image resemblence christ forbush notwithstanding charity tell mine extensive person westboro charitably hope subject divine grace woman told prevented unfitted turn forbush ask forgive wrong thought ask questions lost labour told disturb submit judgement whatsoever ministers country choose pray consider sister willing saying knew soon need account desire forgive bluntness desire ask sort questions
democratic ideas likely root discontented oppressed classes rising middle classes sections alienated partially disinherited aristocracy appeal privileged class amplifying privileges half dozen exceptions philadelphia convention sons considerable position wealth group advanced fathers william georgia sense represent yeoman farmer class constituted overwhelming majority free population late eighteenth century kind found set mass hundred visible tangible audible distinctions dress speech manners education continuous lineage upper class contempt pre revolutionary tories peggy hutchinson governor daughter wrote dirty mob drove town federalist hamilton candidly disdained mass unrest received spirit young gouverneur morris mob begin think reason poor reptiles bask sun ere noon bite depend gentry begin fear america europe liberated thinkers enlightenment democratic ideas respectable cultivated classes fathers looked cynically illuminated intellectuals contemporary europe christian heritage idea original sin found quick confirmation notion unregenerate rebel controlled side picture
mythology grown thomas jefferson massive imposing american history bitterly prejudiced views federalist historians wide acceptance stereotype perpetuated adherents jeffersonian tradition claude bowers late parrington extremely popular jefferson pictured militant crusading democrat physiocrat repudiated acquisitive capitalistic economics revolutionist tore social fabric virginia sponsor revolution destroyed federalism root branch fact give color truth notions torn shrewd jefferson scholars charles beard gilbert chinard albert nock certainly lack criticism accounts dominant jefferson legend issues overdramatized jefferson overdramatized strange jefferson bitter rebels live tearing established orders forcing social struggles issue born eminent place virginia aristocracy peter jefferson father mother jane randolph distinguished virginia family assured social position peter jefferson died leaving son fourteen acres large number bondsmen mature thomas jefferson owned acres hundred negroes leisure writings human liberty supported labors generations slaves jefferson benevolent slavemaster feeling common doubtless affected ingrained habit solicitude helpless dependents supported
jefferson promises friends enemies alike successfully whittle federalist machinery reducing expenditures able abolish hated excise duties stirred whisky rebellion inroads public debt tried hard tame federal judiciary arm national government federalist control effect louisiana purchase widened area agrarian expansion terms party allowed bank united states die expiration charter attack vital parts hamiltonian system attempt curb abuses speculation public lands organized republican machines try hard democratize mechanics government states nation limitations suffrage left untouched professor beard observes republican states enamored equalitarian political democracy federalist states jefferson suggested broad revision suffrage leaders theoretical democracy looked askance crusading democrat jeffersonian legend successful machine leader policies deviate widely federalists jefferson hoped win moderates ranks planned patronage hit true line conduct conciliate honest part called federalists wrote horatio gates soon taking office justice excluded patronage hope able obliterate unite names federalists republicans
charleston cultural center south city flavor air cosmopolitan taste breeding charleston part south calhoun hated ease relaxation enjoyed absentee planters mainstay social cultural distinction malaria ravaging city wrote floride bonneau calhoun ill disguised relish newspaper brought list deaths thought due climate place misconduct inhabitants considered curse intemperance debaucheries debaucheries kind calhoun accused record read tried write poetry traditional gibe effect began poem stopped read request lady asked judgment friend mary bates observed heard utter jest daniel webster eulogy known wasted called recreation employed pursuits immediately connected discharge duty duty word duty demonic force calhoun hold duties greater wrote regard struggle evil acts proper principle reward struggle victory greatly enhances
lincoln legend hold american imagination defies comparison political mythology drama shoulders torment moral burdens blundering sinful suffers redeems hallowed christian virtues malice charity destroyed pitch success worldly wise john hay knew permitted known called greatest character christ comparison imagine political figure modern times lincoln legend gathers strength similarity christian theme vicarious atonement redemption strain american experience represents equally metier politics business lincoln preeminent help americans admired course eminent american politician claim humble origins exploit able point sudden ascent relative obscurity high eminence maintained completely scaling heights aspect extreme simplicity combined attainment success power intense awareness humanity moral responsibility precisely attainments common lincoln felt remarkable light interpreted significance career keenly aware role exemplar played part intense poignant consistency performance quality high art
lincoln especially primitive communities formative laborer fully separated tools rights labor closely fashion locke jefferson laborer retain product talked sacredness labor talking veiled terms ideas belonged age craftsmanship industrialism lincoln carried modern industrial scene result quaint equivocation worth observing carefully pictures mind living half economy half wishing justice interest lincoln stumping country republican convention turned haven shoemakers strike democrats charged republican agitators responsibility strike lincoln met head glad system labor prevails england laborers strike want obliged circumstances tied obliged labor pay system lets quit wants wish prevail reasons opposed slavery true condition laborer leave free acquire property fast wealthy don believe law prevent getting rich harm propose war capital wish allow humblest equal chance rich
abolitionist movement based moral frenzy economic discontent abolitionists resident north part middle class material stake conservation destruction slave system literal sense business slavery moral offense economic injury look economic institution breach ordinations god abolitionism religious movement emerging ferment evangelical protestantism psychologically akin reforms women rights temperance pacifism agitated spirits northern middle classes decades civil war philosophy essentially theology technique similar techniques revivalism agencies church congregations towns enterprise declared phillips eminently religious dependent success entirely religious sentiment conviction slavery sin gibraltar theodore weld effective leaders western wing movement wrote discussing subject slavery presented pre eminently moral question arresting conscience nation question politics national economy passed scarce look word believing business abolitionists heart nation purse strings rarefied moral atmosphere abolitionists treated slavery heightened fact unable agitate discuss subject south closed direct observation institution contact defending
business politics captains industry boldly blandly cynically exploiting workers milking farmers bribing congressmen buying legislatures spying competitors hiring armed guards dynamiting property threats intrigue force mockery ideals simple gentry imagined nation development place dignity restraint regime laissez faire exploits created moral atmosphere caused honorable conservative school godkin say fifty ago high fond ideals america shattered apparently look moderate hopes human race alive mistake assume conscience died business barons operate proximate spheres politics industry cheerful unstinted rapacity fact terms ultimate rationalizations conscience rests plausible profoundest reasons believe final buy congressmen making apology operated thought behalf benign transformation tremendous magnitude abiding significance deeds need fret knaveries humble apologetic confident arrogant colis huntington wrote political agent concerning bribery southern pacific pay money thing fair
magnetic blaine popular republican nominated party presidency conventions formidable possibility popularity persisted spotty financial record open story cared read sins handicap cost presidency ruled consideration blaine actual transgression especially gross standards fellows speaker house instrumental killing bill blocked land grant arkansas rock fort smith railroad volition solicitations inducements technically clear accepting outright bribe subsequently presumed favor secure liberal commission selling railroad bonds friends maine transaction turned profit friends lost investment blaine sense private obligation healthy sense public duty frail recompensed losses incident represented number blaine railroad transactions obviously republican leader sizable family homes taste gracious living spent salaries offices blaine relations railroads significant series flagrant dramatized lies led party convention expected nominate blaine presidency transactions railroads congressional scrutiny
honorable louis sears american ambassador sarkhan angry airconditioner office cool felt hot irritable smoothed editorial page sarkhan eastern star widely distributed paper haidho studied cartoon carefully don give damn prime minister advisers say ambassador sears damned eastern star red paper cartoon looks accident jerked head paper tic anger turned window lawn embassy swept main road haidho pure green carefully trimmed wave side broke froth color red purple bougainvillea softer colors hibiscus myriad orchids hanging elegant parasitic grace banyan trees crisp straight lines bamboo trees end lawn pickets wrought iron fence separated embassy grounds confusion noise road countryside unbroken line women moving haidho morning carrying backs faggots wood baskets vegetables radishes spring onions beans laid simple perfection moist leaves occasionally woman basket fish head tiny silvery bodies catching early morning sun passed bicycle making chattering lines women strange monkeys ambassador sears thought forgetting moment pique cartoon women fun
months sarkhan colvin love strange country small delicate skins lovely shade brown motions graceful restrained meanest caste dignity charm impressed colvin enormously generous food information help run risks behalf request discuss philosophy word philosophy sarkhanese colvin learned covered questions death cruelty generosity manners rearing children delights strong wine possibility death liberation john taught deong ipecac received instructions radio meet submarine isolated cove submarine arrived schedule captain told united states marines land sarkhan days gave pound tin ipecac told effort introduce powder food japanese army camp morning landing john explained deong ipecac powerful emetic known medicine eliminated person body energy thing vomiting person actually die spasms aid sarkhanese cooks japanese army camp successful waited clump bushes camp japanese ate breakfast marines landed japanese staggering camp
moscow school asian areas ambassador designate madame krupitzyn rigorous studies prepare job learned read write sarkhanese learned ideal sarkhan slender graceful soft spoken physcal control outward tranquility religious buddhism prevalent religion appreciation ancient classical music ambassador designate molded pattern dieted lost forty pounds took ballet lessons read sarkhanese literature drama fairly skillful player nose flute regularly attended lectures buddhist religion practices ambassador louis krupitzyn arrived sarkhan exactly week american ambassador louis sears presented credentials officials airport meet ambassador krupitzyn greeting courteously language automobile drove soviet embassy morning presented credentials prime minister afternoon traveled monastery outskirts capital called pay respects chief abbot leader buddhists area krupitzyn arrival caused confusion unusual white monastery monks outer hall looked curiously smiling nodding heads scurried find superior handle strange situation finally young bright robe apparently newcomer monastery hurrying walked russian ambassador asked english help sir
ruth experienced reporter waste ignore impressions picked notebook believe americans poorer facilities visitors communist china wrote notebook factory village sports center china guest house house crude effective propaganda san francisco waited airport department escort arrived buying copies chronicle examiner sat pan american guest room began read papers rapidly finding specific news looking frown disappointment crossed face reached notebook today setkya wrote chiefs major asian nations meeting conference profound effects asian american relations mention south asian bloc meeting large san francisco newspapers wonder american papers report asian news notice percent paper space advertising comics read papers cities begin generalize average american woman airport wearing slacks miss jyoti yes looking debonair fifty stood front removing black homburg bowed slightly joseph rivers department welcome america enjoyed reading articles father finian thank rivers generous
hamilton upton spoke skill dignity information precise audience felt worthy representative power knew handle tough situations tricky foreigners stay home develop profession widen friendships rear family upton began times momentous crises country faces challenges unlike faced realize duties citizens citizens members community lands beset evil wide conspiracy need abroad help clever malignant conspiracy call communists conspiracy marie macintosh thought girl friends worked pentagon stenographic pool shared small apartment close rock creek park upton talked fifteen minutes giving impression discussion superior person marie felt impressed involved addressed introduce joe bing upton finished bing public information officer expert asian affairs served setkya served distinction requested duty sarkhan leaving country future person expert meeting natives face face equals upton sat joseph bing pushed chair hefted body walked table
incident began newspaper hostile america printed rumor royal sarkhanese air force evicted american property american land speculators sell building lots paper sarkhan picked story pan asia press united press press international news service tass reuters press france hostile paper story alive headlines tip true wrote american embassy denies editor english language paper american called usis look silly story lie hurting united states afternoon going round editors leading dailies bring ambassador going ask point blank air force training area minute says untrue story die commie press lose lot face okay clock joe bing public affairs officer cultural trip hong kong assistant press attache carry ball told ambassador sears interviewed afternoon ambassador face red eyes bulged god shouted banging desk re going foul stage game yelled holding letter president says federal judgeship open months pleased took intend
weeks communists sweeping tangled dirty pathetic mass refugees grew hanoi monet company legionnaires slashing attack dozen times report communists moving distant village company legionnaires swoop village planned deployment tex seen hundred times criticism communications armament training deployment failure failure reasons communists knew defensive deployment legionnaires perfectly shell horrible accuracy horribly send squads armed knives hand grenades individual foxholes communists harass rear carbine grenade fire moment legionnaires turned meet fire fired position legionnaires fought enormous courage monet incredible skill lost period weeks tex experience serving company seasoned experienced fighters skilled leadership lost twenty villages enemy frustrating constant defeat fact end weeks fighting seen enemy fire fights took place night dawn enemy slipped taking dead felt participated phantom engagements thing real dead legionnaires
dusk fell main body moved highway road cut paddy fields tex called monet radio sure reached position monet voice clearly re deployed south village reported viets left village half hour set positions walking north guess circled heading bamboo grove hour happens main body lorries proceeded quietly tex deployed line hummock separated village sat wait hour later heard thin rifle fire chatter heavy machine gun monet voice radio think fallen bait think re weak re moving troops directly hardtop road bamboo grove patrols hit haven machine guns opened calibres weapons carrier quadruple calibre machine gun mount cut troops road straight command post re tex clicked receiver moving fast tex ordered quadruple mount calibre vehicle head column directly lorry riflemen line rocket truck leave lights machine gun fires tex ordered softly open soon rockets fire quadruple mount turned run road
maung swe known journalist burma southeast asia mentioned press subject discussion maung swe college graduate spent considerable united states speaks american idiom roman catholic war ii member fought americans northern burma southern china communist dinner party rangoon honor ambassador macwhite maung swe british prestige certainly low southeast asia america maung swe poor america took british hundred lose prestige asia america managed lose ten need fact wanted discussion maung swe answered questions general caused america loss prestige americans knew united states wonderfully friendly unassuming interested visited america country fail trust respect reason americans meet country knew united states mysterious change americans foreign land isolate socially live pretentiously re loud ostentatious re frightened defensive maybe re properly trained mistakes ignorance russia small regard russians
cannon roared sumter hundreds thousands young workers left factories took arms company mobilized march washington defense volunteers lowell textile mills gun silenced appomatox half america workingmen stood bloody ground war freed slaves transformed nation industrial million dollars spent weapons ammunition machinery clothing boots shoes canned goods factories remade giant sprang faster methods manufacture thousands miles railroads telegraph wires laced country returned soldiers army volunteers industrial revolution swept prairies mountains digging iron ore coal oil silver gold manned machines countless industries revolution seeds planted generation earlier war merchants big atlantic seaports backed railroad construction reach markets ohio valley cheap rapid transportation knitted town country railroads tracked land iron steel meet demand foundries blast furnaces belched smoke flame green fields swiftly expanding iron steel industry spurred railroads foundation industrial america soared opening corner country railroads changed nature businessman market bringing vast markets reach spurred develop ways produce large quantities saving costs increasing profits
shoemakers looked regretfully recent past usual practice days cobblers hire boy read aloud books philosophy history science interrupt task order debate fine point text gentle craft leather artisan tender machine nostalgia voiced cigar maker samuel gompers autobiography craftsmanship cigar maker shown ability utilize wrappers advantage shave unusable hairbreadth roll cover holes leaf hands perfectly shaped rolled product things cigar maker learned mechanically left free think talk listen sing loved freedom earned mind freedom accompanied skill craftsman eager learn discussion reading pour feeling song chose read reader payment rest gave sufficient cigars loser reading discussion learned pretty learned joke spirit marshal thoughts orderly distinguish clever sophistry sound reasoning fellowship grew congenial shopmates lasted lifetime brick walls factories closed workers sense personal freedom slipped
ad island paper called woman sew buttons glad heart making satisfactory sample told price cents gross thread supplied bewildered mental multiplication think sixty cents thirty gross buttons subtracted cents cotton thirty cents car fare left total twenty cents earnings elated help set soon reached home took week mount buttons delivered cents car fare told ten gross mounted properly thirty cents call saturday experience neckties samples firm broome street took clock morning clock afternoon fourth bow finished faced young woman approached outstretched hand dollar deposit chirped dollar dispose left home place benefit furnished sample received seventy cents worth delivery fifteen cents bow material accused theft directly woman interviewed magazine independent tells garment factory neighborhood brooklyn
imagine getting invitation dinner party york wealthy gentlemen favorite restaurant rich entertained night according press reports table constructed miniature lake center thirty feet length enclosed network golden wire reached ceiling forming cage immense swans secured parks lake high banks flowers hue surrounded lake covered entire table leaving barely room plates wine glasses room festooned flowers direction miniature mountains valleys carpets flowers vocal sparkling rivulets met eye hand golden cages filled sweet singing birds hung ceiling added enchantment gorgeous spectacle soft sweet music swept adjoining rooms art wealth imagination scene unexampled beauty feast dishes ingenuity invent history past extravagance suggest spread guests oldest costliest wines known trade flowed water leaped cascades banqueting hall guests wild exultation delight tarried night york newspaper surveyed unemployed poor city found persons earned cents girls worked eleven sixteen hours daily
history poor capital opportunity rich quickly honestly say rich duty rich pious brethren say christian minister spend going country advising young rich money yes course say awful don preach gospel preaching making money money honestly preach gospel reason rich honest find community ninety hundred rich america honest trusted money carry enterprises find plenty honest say don sympathize poor course number poor sympathized small sympathize god punished sins help god continue punishment wrong doubt help deserving sympathize god poor help let remember poor person united states poor shortcomings shortcomings wrong poor
gaudy times knew owned america barbecue mark twain called enjoyed workers dug wealth mines sweated mills fatal rhythm depression depression throw millions hard times hit bitter disasters workingman family crisis lasted hard times meant let look depression began september biggest worst grew deeper deeper engulfed nearly rich brought lie depression race profits businessmen poured money recklessly mines mills railroads furious pace growth forced craze speculation investors sank money projects demanding huge sums capital bring returns eager profits high business overproduced market squeezed workers wages lowest level goods poured factories lower lower costs employers pocketed profits sharing workers higher wages lower hours plowed profits greater production masses lacked buying power national economy needed maintain prosperity big banking house jay cooke collapsed economy toppled hundreds banks businesses panic spread swiftly women children vanished suddenly aisles textile mills clacking looms fell silent
true support children insists smoking drinking beer dollar buy bread water costs laughter live bread true live bread water fit live laughter educated power denial falsely educated family live bread water morning water bread midday water bread night continued laughter called bread affliction fit eat bread affliction laws political economy set defiance ministers prosperous congregations chosen training special position associations likely hold opinions parishioners judges railroads seeking protect labor demands knew count sympathetic interpretation property rights supreme court justice samuel miller commented vain contend judges bar advocates forty railroad companies forms capital called decide cases interests contest training feelings start favor need influence judges ministers side railroad owners public feeling ran york tribune noted manifestations public opinion sympathy insurrection sympathy strikers face hatred railroads
arguments chinese condemning racially inferior began reach immigrants earlier wave immigration britain northern western europe saw immigrants eastern southern europe begin outnumber earlier arrivals uneasiness spread seventies eighties railroads manufacturers continued bring contract labor congressman foran union leader introduced bill ban import alien labor contract law strengthened times later powerful force passage knights labor nation leading labor organization knights labor formed philadelphia garment cutter uriah stephens strictly secret organization surrounded ritual grew slowly depression members established national footing adopted program knights platform advocated arbitration strikes hour end contract labor system convict labor child labor passage health safety legislation equal pay equal monopoly evil knights believed rid government ownership railroads telephones telegraphs lead cooperative society powderly mild dapper irish mechanic superb orator knights leader public pressure order soon abandoned secrecy powderly dreamed classless society dreaded strife labor capital disapproved strikes boasting knights called command
crowds surged broad avenue passed squads armed police militia standing enforce law order rooftops marchers pinkerton detectives police squatting rifles sight armories national guard stood gatling guns ready march strike shorter hours employers acted revolution help press easy chicago center radical movements socialists anarchists city headquarters number risen leadership local labor movement albert parsons short slim southerner jet black hair flowing mustache arrived chicago lovely mexican indian wife lucy depression seventies socialist popular labor organizer thirty leader chicago hour league friend august spies german born socialist parsons wife children joined thousands massed michigan avenue spies running copy chicago mail parade begin parsons minute glance editorial spies held dangerous ruffians large city sneaking cowards trying create trouble named parsons named spies fellows fomenting disorder past ten driven city ago
half america today young remember depression parents remember certainly grandparents rich poor bankers laborers remember talk talk days don recall bad days days weeks months wounds healed stock market crash october signaled slide pit depression start calling depression america seventeen depressions worse generation experienced mass unemployment happened times span chart nation economic cycle shows downturns generally occurred ten lasted longer brought greater hardships slide pit steep climb depths slow depression began harder faster engulfed larger part population lasted longer worse damage understand america today knowing depression millions suffered alive children grandchildren lives disaster government live laws regulate traditions hold reshaped pressures terrible
thursday entire knew market crashes panic hits nation headline blared newspapers full read hands gathering full meaning terms black thursday deflation depression couldn imagine financial disaster touching small surely concerned rich week november knew differently millions nation job week searched kind prevent leaving school re firing hiring sorry sonny finally seventh november school cleaned locker knowing impossible stay piercing chill air walked rooming house hawk feel wings shadowing wednesday young parks october unexpected severe break stock market prices weeks storm warnings wall street feeling jittery anxiety boiled speculators country thursday october prices plunged sickeningly fell faster faster morning eleven clock avalanche panic seized market wild rumors swept wall street million shares changed hands york times reporter scene fear struck big speculators big investors thousands threw holdings whirling stock exchange pit bring losses tremendous thousands prosperous brokerage bank accounts sound healthy week ago compeltely wrecked strange debacle
astrological clienteles women predominate equal number women ask hold husband rid meet engaged october greatest number inquiries women earning daily bread sought relief humor ballyhoo magazine printed spoof matrimonial ad liberty unemployed ventriloquist expert dish wiping putting cat prefer woman money government bonds safe deposit vault consider children jobs jobless tell story hunt karl monroe reporter laid experience england york city early look job round newspaper offices news bureaus netted series polite firm statements effect open leave address weeks set believed easier task securing clerical place ushering theater hopping bells hotel running elevator office building innocently crowd agencies sixth avenue visions position percentage month salary fee quickly dissolved face cold fact position paid full advance
professionals worked fifteen twenty twenty lose job family worry worked steadily developed confidence anesthetic blocking pain unemployment believed weeks word offers trusting hopefulness soon turned sour issue nation frank moorhead lost job editorial writer told felt suddenly broke fifty indifference reassuring faith galling bitterness fourth morbidity hurts folks fall ten story windows accidentally wrong accounts happily married say newspapers rapidly dwindling bank balance determination loved blame bad luck things accustomed stiff upper lip grand scotch mother talk penny young fifty loses nerve don mean nerve takes accompany wilkins ice north pole fly byrd moving picture south pole mean nerve takes ask stranger job turned thousands batting eye tell friend watch face continue blank approach banker puffed paper glad lend wanted cent interest advance
novelist john dos visited detroit found city closed shelter homeless effect closing fisher lodge giant emergency conducted unused buildings fisher body plant officially closed lack money actually told authority homeless living getting interested forum place getting nest reds turned thousand workless streets parks detroit vast unfinished city thrifty living shacks shelters waterfront rooms unoccupied houses sleeping place lot burrowed rooms huge abandoned sandpile stovepipes stick top wharves ends alleys abut waterfront toasting sun patiently fishing sluggish drowsy grimy grand circus park social center cent restaurant operated anonymous philanthropist woodward avenue evening stroll woodward avenue look posters night movies cluster medicine shows speakers lots hear forgotten names labor parties proletarian party socialist labor party unemployment developed style housing money rent homeless short stays shelters supported city private charity
coal country event spring unemployment relief worthy meant coal country explained words mrs sophia poindexter member benton board united charities guarantee thousand children haven drop milk benton community population ten thousand benton prosperous towns speaking coal country hundred families benton cared united charities average expenditure family week red cross eighty additional families war veterans list provided groceries average rate family week children belonged families fed grocery orders called flour lard beans salt sugar milk provided fresh canned fruit vegetables benton semblance organized relief orient site largest mine organized relief coello money relief found occasional jobs zeigler miles person town working income sort slightly buckner herrin logan blairsville carterville marion communities visited
special field study smith college economists katharine dupre lumpkin dorothy wolff douglas comes account boy growing black sharecropper family tom sharecropper child black alabama family father mother children hands landowner collectively continually debt worth supplies growing season keeps books live room cabin tom twelve counted census census enumeration begins age ten ago census tom officially nonexistent thousands fellow laborers age beginning pick cotton tom pulled bed clock summer older brother quicker hear landlord bell entire plantation force daylight dark bell commanding timepiece tom steady chopper half picking thirds peter aged considerably fact father asked stay beginning growing season landlord told didn raising crop acres living house family account tom school part grades
millions anguish frustration depression turn follow rightist rabble move left route marked soviet russia faith virtues private enterprise badly shaken crisis sign protest months black thursday wall street march communists organized demonstrations major cities wages don starve fight slogans banners placards million unemployed marched streets relief unemployment insurance york city union square police charged demonstrators clubs york reported women struck face blackjacks boys beaten gangs policemen backed doorway knocked dragged feet struck fist club cleveland saw bloody riot philadelphia chicago los seattle unemployed marched city halls communist organizers hand demonstrations small radical party fewer members led calling government relief projects unemployment insurance soon councils leagues alliances direct unemployed growing protest movement led communists socialists independent radicals violence disorders local sporadic york herald tribune drought ruined hundreds arkansas farms summer dramatic sequel late today farmers white armed marched business section town
sign cold communism vote party candidate william foster votes socialist norman thomas votes party won proportiontely votes worst thought america choice socialism ruin americans think pragmatists dealt problem thing tried didn wrestled answer fails try americans looked problems matter big small envisioned single solution solve problems believed answer harm promise america hard thrift individual enterprise bring proved crisis deep terrible enduring leave things panaceas produced caught imagination faith majority began think business government needed develop social conscience benefit knew goal business profits government wished interfere goal matter social cost depression lesson unemployed fortunate stand suffering desiring kind action end ease business business course
sources legitimacy political society hereditary aristocratic democratic elective combination thereof significantly legitimacy english colonies inhered increasingly democratic elective sources hereditary titled origins colonists recognized reality reluctance signaled departure traditional european standards consequence considerable number colonial governments institutions achieved condition legitimacy order prevent anarchy able gain sufficiently wide acceptance obliged rely exclusively deception corruption physical constraint acceptance incomplete grudging accompanied mistrust reasons run deep american colonial experience present outset seventeenth century settlers found living reach sanctioned government charters patents questionable validity pilgrims held tenaciously tenuously rock plymouth generations unable obtain patent crown absorbed bay colony connecticut rhode island anxiously sought valid valued charters sending john winthrop jr roger williams repeatedly london purpose patriarchal puritan statesman john winthrop massachusetts declared commission england final quarter seventeenth century number early colonial charters joint stock proprietary attack officials london interpreted contradictory ways challenges legitimacy government england jersey pennsylvania maryland bermuda created exacerbated severe political tensions nations western europe conflicting claims colonial boundaries territorial hegemony unclear
half eighteenth century proportion slaves total population increased dramatically percent virginia percent maryland development result high rates natural increase significant increase slave importation important effect social structure white community greater proportion whites employed slave labor percent probated estates assessed sterling compared percent generation nearly half white planters sufficient resources slave actually taking account rise prices meant sterling worth actual purchasing power significant increase prosperity white population interestingly general improvement resulted greater equality white community opposite dimensions upper class expanded numbers wealth planters maryland deaths estates worth constituted percent wills probated proportion rose steadily percent percent percent total sample white population maryland increased fold decades number planters grown factor ten wealth generated slaves expansion tobacco industry diffused equally members white community helped create large class wealthy planters
growing sentiment cities wealthy nourished awakening outbreak religious enthusiasm colonies beginning late eruption evangelical fervor primarily identified rural phenomenon powerful effects cities fiery preachers george whitefield gilbert tennant greatest successes study awakening cities clues abound important reason urban appeal fact evangelists took primary targets growth wealth extravagance accompanied dwindling social concern colonial america manifested noticeably cities urban dwellers thronged hear george whitefield philadelphia crowded common boston hear whitefield vituperative james davenport early overwhelmingly lower orders tell accounts awakening evangelists presentation personal religion humble folk find succor debt daily toil sickness want express deeply felt emotions equality fellowship revivalist preachers spread radical message concerning established authority city dwellers urged partake mass revivals social distance clergyman parishioner worshippers obliterated exhorted skeptical dogma participate ecclesiastical affairs bow passively established hierarchy awakening doctrinal controversy attacks religious leaders widely accepted boston itinerant preacher james davenport hotly indicted rich powerful advised ordinary break crust tradition order wrongs decaying society
eastern insensitivity western needs source paxton incident part bacon rebellion prime western need early settlement cope indians gathered attack invaders land indian raids longer part east existence westerners furnished buffer zone easterners enabling view rights wrongs situation objectivity westerners achieve afford need assume paxton boys righteous benjamin franklin called christian white savages epithet deserved armed thugs terrorists murderers westerners westerners grievances eastern dominated legislature spent arguing pay bills neglected defense frontier regulator movement represents phase east west conflict eastern dominated governments south carolina north carolina failed extend machinery law enforcement west rapidly needs settlers required west took law hands shays rebellion shaysites called regulators hoped gain direct action government boston denied yankee conflict activities green mountain boys offer variation theme cases colonial governments representing speculative interests engaged contest western lands actual settlers fought significance frontier early american history borrow phrase americans conflict
powers positive action conferred government adequate purposes framers included power lay collect taxes rural interests conciliated provision direct taxes apportioned states according population counting fifths slaves opinion contemporaries eminently qualified speak designed prevent populations manufacturing states shifting burdens taxation sparsely settled agricultural regions letter governor delegates north carolina williamson explained advantage safeguard taxation southern planters farmers things hope national government chief thing fear government unequal heavy taxation hope believe southern states general north carolina secured head proposed system provided section article capitation direct tax laid proportion number inhabitants number blacks counted land tax laid pay rate fifty citizens north carolina taxed lands fifty citizens eastern states greatly favour farms small live towns certainly land possess
granted equality representation senate meant conservative delaware representation upper chamber democratic pennsylvania meant democratic rhode island representation conservative south carolina decision equality representation dictated considerations economic democratic recalcitrance small states difficult generalize true ardent federalists favored proportional representation houses elaborated complicated method electing chief executive method designed prevent easy expression majority explanation simple fact framers envision possibility direct votes presidential candidates conform lines interests lead dissension confusion method thought designated overcome force prejudices merely parochialism election method anticipated preliminary elimination contest electoral college eventual election house george mason occur nineteen times twenty evidence debates complicated method finally hit electing president designed frustrate popular majorities protect special economic interests purpose overcome pride particularism senators presidents creatures democracy guarantee senators representatives property interests president recognize priority property states property qualifications office holding federal constitution
repeated letters bayard deemed open waning influence hamilton hammered contrast laid temporizing politic jefferson dangerous burr embryo caesar america unfit united states office president told oliver significant phrase call side rogues parties parties jefferson owed burr provided chiaroscuro throwing high acceptable relief decisive minority federalists hamilton sense situation implicit recognition sides casts powerful shaft light roiled murky bottoms federalist rhetoric moments supreme illumination history depth belief partisan gabble submitted rigorous test practical decision federalists denouncing jefferson party accusations mounted point leader opposition vice president united states charged jacobinism atheism fanaticism unscrupulousness wanton folly incompetence personal treachery political treason atheist religion fanatic politics quietly installed white house courtesy handful federalist congressmen federalist party trusted raise hand
simply national movement movement masters jacksonians watched keen interest stirrings revolt abroad jackson cabinet joined celebrations washington revolution france van buren secretary ordered government informed american universally enthusiastically favor change principle effected whigs hand spite clay support national revolutions greece south america remained significantly lukewarm lamennais eloquent voice french popular aspirations read jacksonian circles paroles un croyant influenced orestes brownson le livre du peuple published boston title book translated nathaniel greene postmaster boston brother charles gordon greene post intimate david henshaw democrats similar enthusiasm progress reform bill england whigs sympathized tories chartist uprisings end decade greeted delight democratic press british reformers returned interest cobbett savage landor veteran radical jeremy bentham observed jackson administration approval bentham friend john quincy adams disappointed triumph military hero early huddled hissing steam radiator heard read aloud jackson message congress highly pleased discover greater agreement president later wrote lengthy cryptic memorandum entitled intended aid jackson problems administration
working essentially independent major parties cooperated certainly choosing candidates paid attention previous political preferences nominee sound important working principle times bank war cooperated closely jacksonians stephen simpson refusal issue blanket condemnation monster bank infuriated admirers regular support democracy newark working tendency hold joint nominating conventions hold date town approve closely similar lists candidates fail draw condemnation jacksonian press york city party broke pieces shortly success largest splinter supporting subsequently absorbed york democratic party england working threw support gubernatorial campaign samuel clesson allen champion andrew jackson enemy nicholas biddle evidence working collaboration jacksonians philadelphia easily england association nominated allen condemned candidates major parties working jersey towns cities typically democrats opponents newark romance lasting punctuated finally falling working leaders cooperating democrats issue ceased warning jackson party clay concerned real problems working
disastrous decline biggest broadest stock market history rocked financial district yesterday midst collapse country influential bankers hurried office morgan conference gave word believe foundations market sound market smash caused technical fundamental considerations sound stocks selling low suddenly market turned buying orders thrown pivotal issues final quotations tapped hours minutes clock bell stocks regained measurable part losses break widest market history losses close large recouped afternoon rally carried speculators big part country wiping thousands accounts probable stockholders country foremost corporations calmed attitude leading bankers subsequent rally business country seriously affected doubtless business feel effects drastic stock shake expected hit luxuries severely total losses accurately calculated large number markets thousands securities listed exchange staggering running billions dollars fear struck big speculators big investors thousands threw holdings whirling stock exchange pit bring
times hard reverberations october definitely reached corn belt county seat bank held johannes paper hard shape reserve invested bonds recommmended eastern bankers default interest principal occurred bottom dropped bond market banking departments examiners insisted collection slow farm loans liquidity watchword bank examiners johannes sought renew bank loan payment security personal property demanded regard needs wife family prices farm products fallen oats ten cents bushel corn twelve cents bushel hogs chief cash crop corn belt selling half cents pound fall wagon load oats pay pair shoes truck load hogs days paid tenant cash rent pay interest thousand dollars schmidt struggled contrived prodding landlord banker resort bankruptcy talked regret reached conclusion road cash hand pay thirty dollar filing fee send federal court finally borrowed brother law hearing wife children sat referee bankruptcy banker landlord struggled priorities liens rights crops cattle
sharecropping system tenant furnishes labor entire family raising cotton crop family receives return piece land house stock equipment subsistence goods proceeds half crop half retained landlord system widespread present percent tenants states sharecroppers cotton booming extreme poverty southern cotton tenant attracted attention depression pre depression brought crisis cotton market cotton acreage extended war increases production coincided decreasing demand home abroad competition artificial silk increased production foreign countries war increased tariffs factors responsible results decreasing prices large carry season depression brought conditions climax acreage sharply reduced tenants especially sharecroppers displaced land resources kind accustomed depend landlord want large numbers tenant farm families left stranded bewildered helpless acreage reduction program agricultural adjustment administration raised prices helped cotton growers benefit payments tenants payments program applied landlords debts tenants continued displaced farms slower rate assuming permanently decreased demand cotton tenant system south produced stranded population group landless undeveloped capacities scheme rehabilitation devised permanently need public assistance
knowledge early american indians obscure indian societies fully develop system writing part historians look sources written records learn past early american indians archaeology important keys learning prehistoric american indians recent times archaeologists aided study past discovery radiocarbon dating method dating tells age things alive measuring remaining radioactivity archaeologists able determine accurately age remains uncover ago groups europe asia began migrate parts settled moved unsettled areas herds ice age animals mammoths mastodons migration animals caused shifting patterns ice sheets europe asia eventually reached eastern siberia map page scholars today believe settle americas part asia ancestors american indians asians support belief american indians share similar racial traits asian indians asians straight black hair facial body hair high cheekbones experts settled experts agree changing environment climate prehistoric centuries helps explain asians crossed americas
middle ages europe organized feudal kingdoms landholding nobles held power kings warfare nobles common political conditions unstable political conditions western europe began improve kings gradually gained power brought large areas land control nations ruled monarchs form parts western europe happened nations began compete greater land wealth political middle east affected western europe mid turks gained control middle east trade routes east turks interfered goods europeans needed transported overland asia middle east result emerging nations western europe began look trade routes silk spices luxuries wanted orient search trade routes east eventually led rivalry western european nations addition political occurring western europe late middle ages economic large part responsible european voyages exploration crusades series holy wars fought middle east crusaders returning europe brought goods middle east crusades helped revive trade western europe greatly decreased early middle ages growth trade agriculture manufacture handmade goods increased
colonists soon decided gain larger measure government assemblies political power governor council slowly assemblies began expand rights duties assemblies gained important rights assembly gained initiate introduce laws assembly gained control purse strings meant taxes appropriations money set purposes approved assembly powerful weapon assembly approve salaries government officeholders governor cooperate assembly risk paid governor wealthy need salary officeholders needed regular income cases withholding appropriations effective assembly refused set money defense especially war governor faced problems governor charge military reach agreement assembly face military defeats circumstances accept assembly demands unfortunately line action hard living frontier military protection needed suffered struggle governor assembly power average colonists contact government colony level local government hand center political activity colonists local government handled everyday matters building repairing roads bridges surveying land holding court collecting taxes training militia taking care poor matters directly affected average colonists
andrew jackson born poor frontier family jackson army general wealthy planter jackson common background election viewed coming political democracy america government common jackson election sign sign place election fact end result economic social america colonial times americans gradually extending suffrage vote white males acquired vote owning amount land meeting property requirements voting later political reformers attempted bring political practices line democratic ideals stated declaration independence attempts led states lower remove property requirements voting states especially western states gave vote adult white males voting requirements brought part abundance western land social climate america colonial times americans generally willing judge ability character frontier continued support idea person judged individual merit democratic ideas rights deeply rooted america andrew jackson elected jackson elected large part common believed represented interests president office began interest politics vote hold office
fertile soil west excellent growing corn wheat vegetables raising livestock farmland west quickly developed agricultural region westerners independent farmers farms acres hard times panic lost farms tenant farming increased occasion independent farmer hire farmhand help basic farm labor force family generally farmers worked colonial times planted harvested hand wooden iron tools farming began change invention farm machinery deere steel plow mccormick horse drawn reaper farmers plant harvest crops roads canals built farmers quickly found markets east surplus grain rich western farmland making west food producing section nation proof rapid growth west seen rise western cities cities cincinnati louisville chicago st louis busy centers trade manufacturing cultural activities cincinnati sixth largest city nation queen city west cincinnati called boasted trading houses ten newspapers dailies german language paper college medical school museum theater ten iron foundaries boatyards factories flour cotton woolen goods beer soap candles meat packing plants earned city nickname porkopolis located hills ohio river cincinnati attractive city
john brown abolitionist fought slavery extreme actions wanted end slavery leading slave rebellion abolitionists gave brown encouragement brown believed god wanted lead uprising force eighteen followers brown took control federal arsenal harpers ferry virginia october morning brown army faced company united states marines commanded colonel robert lee skirmish number sides killed including brown sons brown prisoner attack considered military failure set sectional crisis brown brought trial murder conspiracy start slave revolt treason virginia found guilty december john brown executed northerners brown martyr abolitionist southerners thought extremist tried start slave revolt brown raid minor event set breakup union john brown raid harpers ferry election moved nation closer disunion sectional differences democratic party deeply divided slavery issue democrats met charleston south carolina april senator stephen douglas illinois ahead race presidential nomination required thirds vote needed nomination democrats south opposed douglas favor proslavery platform debate democrats agree nominee suspended convention
history united states attracted countries reasons varied western settlers newcomers wanted build lives families million immigrants america united states encouraged needed factories help settle west government railroad companies industrialists openly advertised europe united states arrived united states period northern europe mainly german irish scandinavian mid began arriving southern eastern european countries italy poland russia arriving york city immigrants moved west farming especially true scandinavians settled minnesota illinois nebraska dakotas iowa germans moved cities farms midwest large numbers irish west railroads immigrants decided remain eastern cities sure finding jobs suffered problems plagued native americans lived cities immigrants settled areas nationality share spoke native language understood culture practiced customs homeland large group immigrants china arriving california crossed pacific ocean chinese settled west worked mines railroads
united states signed treaty opening korea trade western treaty similar agreement signed earlier commodore perry japanese government period united states settled disputes foreign countries developments show foreign policy united states slowly changing foreign involvement major dispute foreign government settled occurred united states britain agreed settle claims arising destruction cargoes ships confederate raiding ships built britain civil war treaty washington signed provided arbitration settlement decision party united states eventually awarded million dollars destruction caused confederate raiders successful settlement led settlements germany banned importation pork united states imported pork diseased congress responded passed laws meat inspection germans lifted ban dispute arose mid britain canada united states disagreed fishing hunting rights areas disagreement settled peacefully negotiations countries involved late united states britain germany argued trading naval rights samoa pacific ocean matter close causing war dispute finally settled negotiation agreement signed countries involvement united states foreign problems desire greater participation international affairs
known social reformers journalists jacob riis danish immigrant united states reporter york newspapers riis quickly familiar terrible living conditions city tenements riis book half lives published exposed misery slum neighborhoods helped arouse public demand reforms living conditions later lewis hine helped arouse public need reform photographs bad working living conditions suffered workers riis hine exposing unhealthy conditions city tenements authors beginning write problems times realistic terms henry demarest lloyd attacked unfair business practices standard oil company book called wealth commonwealth published popular writers samuel clemens known mark twain title twain books gilded age popular final decades nineteenth century book twain told corrupt politicians rich quick ideas age works twain widely read newspapers main source reading information truly mass audience newspaper created joseph pulitzer bought york paper adding colored comics sunday supplements sports sections lowering price pulitzer able build daily circulation paper million late
samuel seabury anglican minister remained loyal britain revolution readings follow pamphlets attacking continental congress september october continental congress declared british parliament regulate trade tax colonists congress voted stop colonial trade britain asked colonists prepare defenses case british attack seabury pamphlets warn boycott trade economic disaster colonies pamphlet reply written alexander hamilton fourth addressed legislature york colony pamphlets defend british point view controversy imperial rights think threaten bully frighten supreme government nation compliance demands single campaign exert force ruin effectually choose violent means power humble hurting raise immense revenues laying duties england ireland west indies remedy left non importation scheme forever embarrass hamper trade mediterranean spain holland help regulations effectually enforced navy keeps readiness protect trade distress trade boycott fall severely felt part majesty dominions affect longest fleets britain command respect globe
education girls accepted slowly americans traditionally believed women occupation home family business women forced earn livings considered objects pity husbands viewed contempt nineteenth century main jobs open women family farm business low paying factory household jobs feared educated women poor wives wife supposed obedient subservient husband education woman think husband equal writer put general pleased dinner table wife talks greek believed women intelligent women attending college proved understand difficult subjects confronted view education ruin health nineteenth century doctors claimed adolescent girl studied body develop properly nervous weak suffer problems childbirth children sickly feeble minded belief common late universities women fewer courses prevented women earning degrees finally women viewed members species supposed remain separate spheres lead kinds lives traits sexes viewed opposites behavior considered manly womanly rational women emotional brave women timid cruel thoughtless women kind helpful
november john slidell louisiana commissioned envoy extraordinary minister plenipotentiary united states mexico intrusted full powers adjust questions texas boundary indemnification payment citizens redress wrongs citizens naturally inseparably blended question boundary settlement question correct view subject involves moment entertain idea claims injured suffering citizens existed twenty postponed separated settlement boundary question slidell arrived vera cruz november courteously received authorities city government general herrera tottering fall revolutionary party seized texas question effect bring hasten overthrow government general herrera reason believe sincerely desirous receive minister yielded storm raised enemies december refused accredit slidell frivolous pretexts days date slidell note general herrera yielded government general paredes struggle december resigned presidency determined leave effort untried effect amicable adjustment mexico directed slidell present credentials government general paredes ask officially received
greatest danger leap slavery freedom overlook fact masses live production hands fail mind prosper proportion learn dignify glorify common labour put brains skill common occupations race prosper till learns dignity tilling field writing poem bottom begin top permit grievances overshadow opportunities white race look incoming foreign birth strange tongue habits prosperity south permitted repeat say race cast bucket cast millions negroes habits fidelity love tested days proved treacherous meant ruin firesides cast bucket strikes labour wars tilled fields cleared forests builded railroads cities brought treasures bowels earth helped magnificent representation progress south sure future past families surrounded patient faithful law abiding unresentful seen
lasting federal laws controlling immigration protecting health immigrants ocean crossing congress passed restrictive laws law barred admission convicts mental incompetents likely public charges chinese exclusion act law forbidding entry specific nationality group congress included anarchists list undesirables president theodore roosevelt negotiated gentlemen agreement government japan limit number japanese immigrants congress attempted cut immigration imposing literacy test soon war immigration restrictionists finally won fight immigration strictly limited europeans joined asians ranks excluded congress passed provisional restriction act restrictive law assigned european nationality group quota percent number persons nationality living united states law excluded immigrants eligible citizenship provision aimed japanese chinese asians basing quotas census congress drastically reduced number immigrants southeastern europe totally excluded africans quotas countries northwestern europe enabled persons enter quotas countries southeastern europe let total immigrants admitted quotas based census asians continued excluded exception acts enabling thousands european refugees enter united states war ii establishment small quotas asians immigration policy changed
american stirred stories happening soil agricultural areas middle west thousands seen huge tva dams water banked impressively seen green returning soil previously bleak pitted told plans river navigable plans prevent floods naturally enthusiastic objectives general idea cheap power american paying half billion dollars eleven dams chiefly designed supply power area power shortly demonstrated supplied area cost words tva operate annually deficit annual deficits course paid pockets taxpayers sponsors tva maintained beginning vast program designed create competitive power system set yardstick rates private companies judged yardstick idea undoubtedly attractive average consumer understand electric rates personally checking relative highness lowness unfortunately yardstick rubber inch generation power beginning distribution ultimate consumer end tva enjoys privileges exemptions denied private utility conceal true cost tva power cost comes pockets taxpayers
bombs dropped america seen soviet armies engaging major part japanese land forces battle overrunning manchuria taking half million prisoners occurred american land forces nearer japan iwo jima okinawa sympathize chagrin unhappiness outcome regarded poignantly informed military opinion blame russia expected events russia policy entering japanese war till germany defeated part allied plan dilemma successful explosion atomic bomb mexico july welcome aid imagine hurry bombs existing whisked pacific dropped hiroshima nagasaki insure japanese government surrendered american forces hurried dropping bombs hiroshima nagasaki brilliant success political objectives fully achieved american control japan complete struggle authority russia theories timing dropping bomb worth notice purely coincidental bomb dropped days soviet offensive due start view explains stimson statement vital sufficient effort quickly obtained referring desire finish war soon variant interpretation emphasizes compulsion felt americans gadget irrespective consequences
true course swallow summer test legal democratic processes success failure general direction processes move run position violation law justifiable legal alternatives overstates important truth fails face important exceptions place dramatic disobedience law minority effective catching attention winning support majority classic cases civil disobedience early christians gandhi supporters exemplify truth civil disobedience technique shame majority ask willing seriously committed defending status quo simple painful factor holding bed nails bystander say live country legal remedies condition patient wait remedies effect willingness listen counsel depend properly nature injury suffering baseless prejudice assume observance law conducive strengthening democratic system disobedience law salutary effect majority complacent acquiescence bad laws undermine faith minority power democratic methods correct obvious evils vigorous democracy depends existence minorities holding faith
chairman senate subcommittee constitutional rights received complaints governmental invasions individual privacy cases government intruded personal lives homes physical integrity individual citizens order collect private information cases government misused private information disseminated distributed knowledge consent individual citizen involved unfortunate true bureaucrats collect information think reasons wanting collect concerned individual privacy face endless battle constantly pointing government agencies want information individuals sufficient reason forcing provide face criminal penalties favor putting shoe foot forcing data collectors census bureau justify bit information want collect honestly disclosing citizen participation surveys wholly voluntary disturbing aspects government data collection surreptitious surveillance intelligence operations collect information innocent citizens political views activities contrary administration recent events dramatized disturbing prospect covert undercover data collection widespread feared governmental surveillance forms recently learned cities san francisco california mt vernon york high powered cameras set track individuals activities cameras sensitive read automobile license plate blocks
hundred americans participated construction empire drawn benefits sought extend influence vietnam majority americans understood imperialism mean europeans centuries ago confronted critics war nation leaders denied accusation united states empire country antiempire issue southeast asia survival freedom willingness stay course vietnam determine outcome struggle opposed ways future humankind war dragged number critics grew larger charges cold war rhetoric masked ugly imperial reality grew louder eventually public debate unintelligible unfortunate harm war opportunity inquiry origins america position missed connection founding fathers vision empire liberty free rhetoric cold war presidents question asked important place begin end war vietnam official answer critics developed line suppose agrees vietnam mistake unmitigated disaster secretary henry kissinger say american involvement end follows retreat isolationism compound original error topple collective security system carefully put war
worth noting word empire vanished american vocabulary pejorative sense civil war republicanism ruled america slavocracy ironically prominent eighteenth century thinkers leaders south taking part american revolution set motion forces led century later destruction entire ideology liberal democratic developed momentum brooked opposition private property true northerners allowed slavery exist states existed lincoln promises effect assumed southerners believed fervently slavery meant early extinction slavery empire closely american thought outburst european expansion late nineteenth century discoveries ore precious metals american continent practically eliminated temptation launch american neocolonialism search raw materials fuel booming industrial revolution president ulysses grant call annexation santo domingo tropical products interestingly slack postbellum depression providing outlet exports ideology important advantage republican leaders disagreed santo domingo plan urging policy remnants european colonialism eliminated hemisphere considerations decision attempted reconstruct south republicans chary raising racial question connection annexation growing sectional complaint eastern capitalism prevented leadership consensus extracontinental expansion
ship sinkings similar incidents common occurrence imperial industrial powers planned nation showed flag tropical harbor potential trouble entire countries lost independence months maine bottom havana harbor germany demanded ninety lease chinese port kiaochow special rights shantung province proper compensation gang murder german missionaries berlin seeking convenient reason demanding coaling station china coast unfortunate clergymen provided press denounced piratical germans demanded mckinley duty remember maine cry mckinley refused budge aware recent events east war spain meant likely naval campaign spanish fleet philippines president held enterprising war propagandists understood stake knows war lead mckinley cautioned house leader joe cannon war spain cannon solemnly agreed congress president request million emergency military appropriation march president received important telegram trusted adviser york city read big corporations believe war believe welcome relief suspense adviser true message marked significant advance opinions economic community agreed mark hanna advice hanna mckinley pacifistic adviser thought settle affairs spain
mckinley served warning republican colleagues protectionism longer satisfied american needs roosevelt adroitly sidestepped tariff question question reciprocity brought roosevelt ducked warning meddling tariff sure split party wanted thought democrats abominable free trade ideas taft certainly think despite roosevelt gloomy predictions mckinley course scientific investigation needed determine tariff reciprocity policy suited mature industrial power taft strong support business community national association manufacturers called tariff commission powers investigate tariff schedules members polled favored reciprocity treaties greatest manufacturing nation earth concluded nam report protective policy vastly helped situation turned adapted present conditions twenty passed mckinley reached conclusion accomplished theory issue decided practice matter tariff reform involved congressional politics matter faith morals thousands election districts member house representatives assure folks home saved disaster form cheap foreign goods condemn prices level wanted impose works william jennings bryan robert ingersoll side side midwestern homes
conservative landowner carranza likely revolutionary leaders america trouble thought conservative nationalist avoid confronting issue foreign control mexican resources growing uncertainty carranza continued unrest led bryan successor robert lansing permit pancho villa agrarian radical receive funds surreptitiously sale stolen cattle united states wilson questioned odd practice lansing answered rationale worthy national security council devise later reason furnishing villa opportunity obtain funds wish carranza faction deal mexico carranza impossible appearance opposition give opportunity invite compromise factions left lansing continued plan force carranza withdrawal wilson shied final step early carranza promulgated constitution consternaton foreigners vested subsoil mineral rights central government aliens desired concessions exploit resources surrender cherished invoke support governments disputes mexican government carranza announced regulatory tax measures pre concessions warned eruption mexico minor affair proved mexico challenge questioned established order trouble spot clash control natural resources beginning era washington protests offending articles brought satisfactory response mexico administration took counsel bankers
wilson interpreted submarine warfare moral issue means distinguishing opposing alliances bryan found unable follow reasoning replaced robert lansing wanted wilson war confrontation put berlin wake lusitania crisis agreed restrict boat commanders rules naval warfare governed surface vessels wilson relieved crisis forced issue war peace complained colonel house september sure america remained neutral germany attacked belgium labyrinth created german frightfulness house president words challenge weeks later proposed mission london offer sir edward accepted satisfy reduced essence plan peace terms acceptable allies presented central powers american offer accepted capitals peace negotiations begin united states enter war side allies grey asked pointed house complexity allied relations war aims house letter wilson dated allies want dictatorial won germany foresee trouble evidence colonel prediction coming june lansing informed president special conference held paris allied economic experts
september officers kwantung army protected south manchurian railway resident japanese put operation secret plan military conquest conversion manchuria renamed manchukuo protectorate japanese chose ruler young descendant manchu emperors henry pu yi ultimately employment republic china flower gardener washington initial reaction news mukden incident annoyance preoccupied domestic problems hoover position told advisers sticking pins tigers china appeal league nations stiffened backs geneva washington president remained fundamentally opposed sanctions force japanese secretary stimson took view especially japanese forward movement continued late fall winter bombing occupation shanghai hoover want involved japanese front especially irritate china japan stimson department aides felt united states simply ignore situation league lytton commission report balanced document recognized legitimacy japanese complaints conditions manchuria urged settlement basis status quo ante modified japanese understanding meantime stimson secured permission hoover send public note china japan reaffirming wilson stance twenty demands
benefits accrue policy increased exports minor consideration according roosevelt point view thing accomplished rise farm price levels roosevelt believe force inflation home raising price gold feared conservatives crazy streak free silver democratic heritage safely locked attic bryan coming roosevelt evening october president radio fireside chat vow raise prices determined cordell hull turned job secretary willing wait nationalistic mood silence hull president daily basis reminding continually importance getting started reciprocal trade treaty program end efforts began success prospect improving wrote herbert feis dollar terms gold foreign currencies markedly declined competitive position american producers improved roosevelt monetary policy clearing step initiated gradual cumulative reduction restrictions international trade united states leader meeting white house late december roosevelt told department advisers united states embark policy improve foreign trade greater authority bargain nations predecessors
agriculture secretary henry wallace received shock midsummer agricultural labor convention delegates told disgusted line farm organizations administration farm programs dominated landlords full enthusiasm agricultural labor affiliating industry wide union sought organize steel automobile workers wallace feared wrote president fatal future democracy labor split agriculture workers groups joined mass movement factory owners landlords direct link oil expropriation movement mexico henry wallace beheld midwestern america instance difficult separate domestic international questions roosevelt public criticism oil companies setting exhorbitant price properties reckoning compensation general uneasiness giving department free rein deal communists hull phrase indicative troubled concern solidity deal coalition washington played price silver effort pressure cardenas elicited recriminations american mineowners controlled large share mexican industry britain broke diplomatic relations mexico city appreciable effect save provide stimulus defiant celebrations expropriation oil companies declared boycott mexican petroleum products expecting tankers buyers cardenas drown oil succeeded easier deal
ancestor american negro single region single tribe physical type west coast negro predominant type marked characteristics tall stature woolly hair broad features full lips growth hair face body skin color approaching true black thing african race slave ships bound america carried variety genetic stocks tallish dark skinned ashanti forest lands north gold coast lighter shorter bantu congo basin difficulty generalizing physical characteristics negroid peoples illustrated nilotics pygmies tallest group averaging nearly feet height shortest averaging feet varied groups common tongue lingua africana distinct languages present nigeria thing african personality varied groups differed ways physical characteristics exhibited languages spoke political institutions diversity meets negro africa wrote maurice delafosse series states ranging simple isolated family confederations kingdoms constituting empires pre european africa innumerable village kinship groups larger clan completely independent exercise kind grass roots democracy small political systems stood contrast extensive empire songhay height power empire extended lake chad westward atlantic covering area large europe
profited trade west india planter backbone wheels motion constant seeking slaves making purchases planter agent mainland marts cartagena panama vera cruz rule slaves obtained stocks west india port barracoons slave laden ship sail island port sell cargo single buyer multiple buyers slaver sail planter waters seeking dispose blacks slave purchases buyer risk planter knew sensed ship captains orders issued anthony overstall commander judith mindful negroes shaved clean look strike impression buyers place touch slave purchased break accustom routines plantation slavery strange environment seasoning process generally running freshly arrived blacks distributed veterans special supervisors slave fully seasoned learned assignment accustomed food climate learned understand language shaken tendency suicide worth landed lot slave west indies expected general owners plantations resided europe leaving properties handled agents overseers
slaves north worked agriculture especially case york big farms hudson providing employment colony nearly blacks eve revolution middle colonies jersey delaware pennsylvania slaves employed agricultural laborers england slaves worked small farms larger holdings averaging acres located eastern connecticut narragansett district southern rhode island employed stock farming sheep raising horse breeding typical occupation negroes colonial north house servant butler valet coachman cook maid laundress expected family corps domestics whites modest means managed negro house frowned slavery religious humanitarian standpoint quaker families philadelphia nonetheless prepared slaves personal fine black labor skilled unskilled agricultural domestic sought commodity colonial america treatment slaves left colonies mother country permitting chose colony determined slave slaves treated rule slave code accurate reflection fears apprehensions colony extent white settlers thought slaves getting hand staging revolt disturbing peace running numerous blacks strict slave codes
slave greatest legal disability person piece property duality posed problem slaves property stated virginia judge rational beings entitled humanity court exercised invading rights property nub problem human rights slave ran counter property rights owner vast majority cases involving conflict rights courts obviously tended give priority property slave marriages matters legal record harmful property rights master kind master permit slave plot land contract find legal difficulty death master settlement estate variety restrictive laws slaves line freedom assembly slaves permitted church burial christmas firearms forbidden prevent system signaling slaves allowed beat drums blow horns intoxicants sold leave master premises pass letter help enforce law county mounted patrol sort police system unannounced visits slave quarters quiet orderly cabin contained stolen goods concealed runaway scene secret meeting
pre civil war america nonslave negro south negro north shared similar experience simply negro lot differed significant respects reason treated separately sections noted states free pleased absence mention race constitution failure congress follow consistent policy deciding negro citizen southern scene surveyed speaking free negroes phillips says complied things live element system planned certainly white south free negro totally unwanted element thought inclined crime loose morals regarded indolent improvident taking heed morrow likely public charge chief objection free negro endangered institution slavery white south believed negro lacked capacity care freedom die needed master argument weakened existence negroes slaves direct free negro threat free negroes abolitionist knows objectionable slave population mischief committed traced source wrote nationally known georgian howell cobb free negro charged catalogue sins slavery receiving stolen goods slaves selling liquor harboring runaways making slave dissatisfied lot denmark vessey plotting dark stratagems
noted negroes small minority favor colonization early january group eighty boston negroes petitioned legislature assist getting africa providing money pay passage buy land explained wished leave america found disagreeable disadvantageous circumstances able africa proceed spread christian religion improve international relations lay foundations profitable commerce united states countries west coast africa group negroes providence rhode island wrote zachary macauley acting governor sierra leone asking permission settle tangible efforts paul cuffe ship captain merchant transported thirty fellow negroes sierra leone expense acceptance colonization idea headway negro circles africa sentiment pumped passage fugitive slave law things worsening national emigration convention organized later negro sponsored colonization group african civilization society formed groups able money developing ways combat adversity negro decided remain america americans joiner patterned whites organizations performed broader function inspiring uplifting peculiarly disadvantaged group earliest mutual aid societies negroes masonic order founder prince hall left barbados massachusetts
civil war ended slavery negroes country optimistic linking freedom deepening sense patriotism part parcel american body politic declared convention colored kentucky love country institutions proud greatness slaves fruits pride country sense personal responsibility june group petersburg virginia negroes pointed understood freedom mean industry idleness indolence negroes sea islands ample proof threat lash early summer working wages diligence surprised northern supervisors farm workers slaves wanted land sweet potato patches general rufus saxton charged war department ascertain readiness freedom slaves glowing report secretary stanton sea islands shown appreciate freedom highest boon industrious provident incitement stimulates industry free societies general saxton superintendent plantations william gannett added revealing comment freeman works accomplish ends slave end obliged accomplish eyewitness john trowbridge toured south immediately war similarly impressed slaves willingness noted felt pride supporting families
lasting colored congressmen republican negro regimes southern states begin constitutions adopted states condition readmission distinct improvement documents supplanted provided expanded suffrage removing property qualifications voting holding office north carolina abandoning religious test seeking election public position equally important constitutions provided statewide system free public education redistributing land constitutions exempted small property holders taxation imprisonment debt abolished states punishments branding whipping stocks declared illegal south carolina constitution number capital crimes reduced twenty governments republican negro regimes likewise credit period office efforts increase efficiency government reorganization judicial system redistribution powers towns counties modification registration election laws writes john hope franklin rule negroes sat legislatures showed inclination press special advantages slave generally revenge minded vindictive mississippi colored lawmakers petitioning congress remove political disabilities whites constructive republican negro regimes marred evidences fraud corruption states south carolina florida alabama louisiana named legislature reimbursed speaker house sum lost horse race items wines cigars groceries listed legislative expenses
sharecropping instances landlord honest worker industrious strip land productive cotton crop brought price combination rare sharecropping built system evils landlords cases lived town doubled merchants tended charge high prices things sold sharecropper add exorbitant interest charges landlord books tenants illiterate sharecroppers tendency overbuy compounding likelihood remain hopelessly debt settling dismayed angered cropper found income owing money choice pledge labor landlord longer chattel bound master unlike serf peon bound soil landlords victims declining price cotton asked tenant overalls replied needed pair sharecropping lazy descent hell worker incentive increase output try repair brighten unpainted shack sharecropping slavery laborer consciously withheld efficiency small percentage negroes worked salaried agricultural workers receiving average annual wage sum clothe purchase articles subsistence peck corn meal week rural brother town negro problems postwar south white laborers brought strong pressure drive colored worker skilled jobs
jewish course feeble kind jew think mean religious training knowledge jewish history language neighborhood mixed schools thought american yes kind american say jewish saturday morning jewish widow moved neighborhood saw street asked house light stove wondered couldn light gave cookie told mother laughed took shabbos goy explained religious jews light fire sabbath needed ask non jew goy thought funny skin prickle saw words newspaper kind jew absorbed knowledge jews lived threat heard jews egypt enslaved pharoah haman plan annihilate jews persia foiled queen esther knew vaguely persecution jews spain seen word porgrom print knew meant bloody riots jews linked immigrants mother father fled eastern europe street heard jewish boys called kike seen fling tormentors politicians stand public shout jews die
president hindenburg died august hitler able toss scrap constitutionalism immediately united offices president chancellor proclaimed supreme head commander chief armed forces demanded received army servants sacred oath unconditional obedience asked german approve plebiscite percent voted yes master germany personal rule adolf hitler germans exchanged greetings heil hitler recognition fact supremacy felt sphere political personal nazi apparatus swelled enormously party carry hitler goals nazis penetrated crucial organizations making deals concessions gain full cooperation big institutions let governmental policy hitler preferred disturb army industry civil service intact carry aims alongside existing institutions party political social machinery leaders built personal empires major power complexes economic development centering goering labor robert ley police heinrich himmler propoganda goebbels acted considerable independence hitler hated details administration complicated personal rivalries jealousies system worked astonishing success productive military power germany developed point hitler ready challenge party membership million hitler began rule carefully regulated basic party rules hitler blind discipline absolute recognition authority
jews decided leave germany end percent german jewish population abroad begin lives beginning jews non jews believe barbarism real lived illusion extreme cruelty longer began casually maurice meier describes meier jewish farmer living wife martha son ernst swiss border end ernst schoolmates looking forward making plans school picnic morning appointed ernst shouldered rucksack stuck spray blossoms hat marching school whistling full happy anticipation hour later told ernst standing forlorn school grounds found bloody hands face clothing torn contents rucksack scattered trampled dust walked home sobbed story teacher read names pupils picnic omitting ernst end rollcall looked ernst jews wanted picnic ernst stepped line started walk teacher shouted children boys knock ideas coming school anymore rowdies attacked soon class scratching kicking beating teacher gleefully shouting encouragement
jews concentrated central machinery set closing ghettos began april ghetto created lodz steps gradual warsaw october cracow march lublin radom april lvov december end ghettoizing process complete methods essentially ghetto meant permanent friedrich uebelhoer nazi chief working problem put creation ghetto course transistion measure determine means ghetto city lodz cleansed jews end rate burn bubonic plague carry instructions nazis set jewish council called judenrat german ghetto functions typically dual opposite charge survival health welfare supplies charge destruction registration records police served thought councils run internal affairs ghetto prewar tradition jewish government speak jews nazi authorities controlling ghetto nazis course offering pretense government device jews cooperate extermination fiendishly clever idea put blame degradation destruction jews intention paralyze jews ghetto waited consciously unconsciously final solution ghettos poorest part city
secret high nazi circles hitler wanted rid jews intention pages mein kampf repeated speeches press question didn jews believe thing sane person took threats mean organized mass murder nazis talked forced emigration yes put wild plan convert island madagascar concentration camp europe jews early hitler say publicly war end annihilation jews evidence light nazis prepared plan extermination end secret discussions final solution begin groundwork mass murder laid jews humiliated terrorized couldn final step foreseen predict couldn believe happen partly screen consciousness don want hear bear believe big gap declaration intention act carrying knew hitler meant replace centuries policy expulsion annihilation opportunity started slowly waiting power total testing word opinion nations oppose prevent atrocities nazis committed jews
street hillel seidman happens crowd gathered watch sees line formed front orphanage siska street procession children small tiny precocious emaciated weak shriveled shrunk carry shabby packages schoolbooks notebooks arms crying slowly steps line rows perfect order discipline usual eyes turned doctor strangely calm feel doctor going afraid abandoned dr korczak busies children sober earnestness buttons coat child ties package straightens cap wipes tear rolling thin face child procession starts marching quietly orderly place untimely doom children calm inwardly feel sense intuitively explain deadly seriousness pale faces marching quietly orderly rows calm earnest head janusz korczak summer germans demanding jews called free zone southern france capital vichy pierre laval pro nazi real power nazi oriented vichy government zealously complied proposed germans jewish children sixteen jews rounded camp drancy miles paris waiting trains bound auschwitz
young abraham lipser hiding means nineteen germans began herd polish jews ghettos members family lived village janow transit camp filthy barracks housed jews weeks percent died thousands picked ordered board trains bound unknown station lipser family felt lucky seated cattle cars passenger coach abraham departure tears mother face father lips moved silently prayer looked battered window camp suddenly news spread grapevine headed auschwitz shuddered ss guards patrolled corridor escape looked mother crouching corner compartment face buried hands stopped breathing began think young want live try luck jump death train fell seat laughing lunatic father shook head motioned quiet mother continued weep quietly slowly grew dark suddenly rushed window pulled open threw clear hail bullets guns guards top train swept left lay motionless train stop train moved agonized thoughts parents left
especially forest fighters jewish physicians medical workers earned combat leadership dr ezekiel atlas young polish jew educated physician western europe ghetto dereczyn destroyed nazis july handful jews escaped forest dr atlas molded jewish partisan unit avenge loss families attacked german garrison dereczyn night hours fighting captured germans police shot square nazis slaughtered jews weeks earlier action victories partisan unit won wide recognition fighting talents jews atlas parents sister killed nazis say partisans private lives finished fellow jews massacred belongs slaughtered families avenge atlas looked funny wearing boots big small feet carried submachine gun pistol pockets ragged army pants bulged hand grenades enormously popular unit destroyed bridges blew trains salvaged equipment weapons abandoned german troops attack german garrison killed soldiers captured wagonloads weapons dr atlas military career lasted months thirty killed december germans attacked unit heroic young women acted couriers partisans forests underground inside ghettos
hope finding common ground arabs jews alive challenges arab resulted wars jews israel defending jewish exist jews secure count thousands bitter experience taught jews minority persecuted holocaust signified destruction happened happen rest jews war perpetrators crime leading allied powers united states soviet union britain france debated finally agreed try instigators war crimes humanity chief charge aggressive war preparing nuremberg trials carrying prosecutors gave evidence demonstrating germans committed enormous crimes humanity robert jackson chief prosecutor nuremberg witnessed slaughter scale cruelties slavery annihilations minorities eliminate prevent repetition barbaric events irresponsible prophecy say twentieth century succeed bringing doom civilization trial began late international military tribunal dock held key positions nazi machinery destruction claimed ignorance jews exterminated
england settled farmers villagers climate soil southland entice settlers economic southern region discovered planters plantation society established nurtured europeans habituated nicotine demand tobacco expanded astronomical rate tobacco cash crop producers sought manufacture soil efficient expensive grew tobacco coasts spangle plantations majority originally small embracing thousand acres slaves imported africa land slaves rapidly demand product grow mightiest exertions slave traders demand black field hands plantation economy strengthened cotton plant appeared regions labor shortage acute planters turned teeming cities england cities greater towns britain places beauty comfort seventeenth eighteenth centuries favored classes nauseous hell holes crime venality streets unlighted night swarmed footpads pickpockets thieves robbers prostitutes hours hideous open sewers contaminated air water helped unpleasant short constables able maintain semblance order setting help assize judges gibblets scaffolds seldom bare grisly fruit
half century structure underwent important aesthetic practical refinements puncheon split log floor replaced packed earth walls grew higher log hewed inch thick plank structure acquired floor loft children slept corn beds dangerously inflammable wooden chimney gave stone drew draft larger game grew abundant leather garments supplanted cotton linsey home grown home carded home later immigrants older settlements brought bundles seed small crops cotton flax began bloom fertile creek bottoms numerous localities bear names flax branch cotton patch spinning wheel card loom occupy prominent corner improved cabins field diet early venison squirrel fish corn bread occupied table pork held place active ranging borderer fat greasy pork foremost delicacy eaten deer varmints plentifully hunting offered challenge real repast desired fried hog meat took precedence settlers brought domestic animals pack savage dogs pack horses mules later herds sheep hogs driven front family caravan turned loose feed mast acorn chestnut beech soon vast herds wild swine proliferated timbered hillsides sheep multiplied protected wool warm serviceable cloth
camps simply drew sullenly atmosphere charged electricity deepening hatred outbreaks violence inevitable coming trifling local incident find hogs dead jump conclusion neighbor opposite camp killed mountaineer conclude friend ridge shot missing hound trifling sparks set fire emotional powder kegs battlefield mountains tragic developing vicksburg gettysburg killed ambush left cabins early dawn ambushed trails shot sheltering forests cabin attacked cover darkness set afire family shot fled flames children frontier traditions warfare acquired cruel border struggles fought brutality disregard chivalrous restraints grandsires fought hated cherokee shawnee choctaw killed harsh land women left till land raise children plow plant harvest help small hands toiled feed frequently crop raised widow butchered salted hogs hands partisans hated enemy swooped carried treasures longest lasting hatreds planted bosoms bereaved women children sought rear
class landlords bloated barons lived toil fields croptime labored tenant farmers sharecroppers labor days barns filled corn smokehouses meat toiled sons grew manhood dandies rode handsome horses spent local belles cornfields logging woods prevailing mode agriculture produce simple living effectually pauperized tenant labor extract neighbor land corn meat potatoes feed family livestock found vicious cycle escape agricultural means known sons manhood perforce footsteps ranks sharecroppers steadily swelled agriculture region remained incredibly primitive bottoms cleared thousands acres corn annually planted hillside clearings mountaineer knew fertilizer cover crops knew soil conservation land practically indian squaws known century system plowing planting hoeing harvesting extremely exhausting soil winter rains fell crop lands unprotected winter cover tremendous amounts corn required feed milk cows hogs saddle draft horses teams oxen dragged mighty logs splash dams
camps large small commissary camp store convenient central location larger camps numerous store buildings constructed company anticipated federal government obligingly establish post office serve community commissary designed area rented postal authorities device served double purpose produced dependable rental income enticed practically home commissary camps later provided separate post offices commissary larger camps concrete sidewalks laid side graveled streets poorer coal towns narrow paths running alongside streets mud unalleviated cinders fireplaces larger companies recognized backward counties provide school buildings huge population centers part plan built schoolhouse houses adequate schoolchildren eighth grade camps brick masonry high schools constructed early donated overwhelmed counties leased monthly rentals sufficient repay cost construction subsequent forty scraggly weatherbeaten buildings brought companies original investment times law community hundred children form independent school district small governmental unit elect trustees operate public school system hazy limits prescribed law companies quickly took advantage opportunity legislation afforded school tax dollars home
constituted longest boom region history towns built filled ridges hollowed mountains discarded slate grew tipple coal mining happy era happy era immense labor accomplished gargantuan sacrifice death mangled flesh bone safety conscious age industry workmen mangled killed large numbers cities states developing social conscience forced enactment laws calculated prevent accidents kentucky mountains regulatory legislation nonexistent feebly ineffective industrial managers operated empires competent supervisory personnel category short supply operators clamored higher production expanding market absorbed coal miners dig strangely diverse character workmen strict supervision difficult immigrant workmen understand foreman english instructions intricate negroes mountaineers unlikely comprehend result shockingly high number industrial accidents killed maimed hundreds fortunately kentucky coal seams contained methane gas deadly colorless odorless black damp dreaded miners occasionally found big black mountain biggest coal operations thousands labored huge hill blundering miners wandered pockets gas exposed lost consciousness died
illustrative public offical attitudes crime golden age prosperity illicit whiskey murder mayhem story told sojourned months penitentiary frankfort elderly told story thirty incidents occurred narrative words follows days lived miles camp peddled lot garden truck miners morning early loaded mule fresh corn beans took fer camp gun shore warn lookin fer trouble sir camp hitched mule started railroad track fust row houses walkin mindin business seed comin walked polite seed howdy seed big red faced hunky drunk spoke awful mad started cussin called kind bad lay tongue big didn mad finally quit cussin threatenin sold vegitables started home furder madder thought hunky son bitch botherin
depression nightmare memory wage earning americans carried responsibility supporting household grim wealthiest hardship millions era hunger cold indignity searing feeling deepening uselessness effects americans generally depression appalling coal counties cumberlands destitution stayed longest destitution persists lived mining communities comprehend feeling captivity helplessness lay heavy coal camps times prosperity miner serf master mine depression advanced union membership apparent sympathy national administration brought relief situation highly explosive seen miner licensee company occupancy camp house spent quarters pay company stores family found recreation company owned movie theaters managed finance secondhand automobile bought tires gasoline company owned service station children delivered company doctors birth occurred hospital hospital company owned miners attended church services likely building company thoughtfully provided congregation return monthly rent school age children climbed muddy path rock strewn bank company owned schoolhouse
join union prospective member required oath obligation required brotherhood clandestine meetings purpose occurred remote hilltops railroad tracks highway bridges unlikely spots hundreds united mine workers late night hidden places knowing courting death ruinous economic reprisals knowledge reached company police worthies infiltrated union membership decision forego company approval full united mine worker harrowing required courage union membership swelled rapidly severe repression fiery tempers sparked feuds moonshine wars flamed armed miners increasingly commonplace wife packed miner dinner bucket frequently reserved space caliber revolver armed sullen began strike violence deadly companies meted spectacular battle evarts bloodiest eruption retaliation evarts mining town owned black mountain coal company industrial police proved unusually reprehensible small incident nature clear brought miners pistols open moments miner company policemen slain rest company police force fled lives moment jubilant miners left control situation softening opposition operators inducing gentler tactics bloody mutiny evarts vicious pistol battles commonplace county bosses antipathy adamantine
sporting pages inform smith rickard selected toledo scene forthcoming encounter heavyweight champion jess willard future idol mob jack dempsey met recall fourth july sober citizens horrified read depraved sit broiling sun watch dempsey knock foot inch champion round sober citizens felt known later dempsey fight bring times money gate receipts battle toldeo sporting pages news bobby jones seventeen southern golf champion william tilden jr winning tennis tournaments national champion jones win popular hero golf gaining popularity inevitable part weekly ritual american business smith likely scoffs grown spend knocking white ball ground heard fours happen play golf show knickerbockers city streets small boys shout hey pants say war thing past reminders smith paper news peace conference item sergeant alvin york home ugliest reminder daily casualty list
november clock morning department gave dozing newspaper news armistice signed days false report end hostilities thrown united states delirium joy poured offices shops paraded streets singing shouting ringing bells blowing tin horns smashing hats cheering soldiers uniform draping american flags gathering closely packed crowds newspaper bulletin boards making wild hilarious holiday york avenue closed traffic packed solid surging women windows city fluttered tons tape torn paper outburst repeated half past morning sirens whistles bells rousing sleepers score american cities newsboys shouting dark streets slow credit report fooled fooled avenue washington windows houses government officials boy announced painstaking articulation war ovah official government announcement confirms news mumble newsboys ordinarily knew convince skeptical intelligible specific words brought incredible relief era peace hope beginning begun tidings spread country
trip woodrow wilson painted picture treaty league lived mind picture bore fainter fainter resemblance reality spoke generous high minded statesman cooperation manifest paris conference hearts clemenceau lloyd george orlando beat heart humanity beat document produced represented america country thrilling ideal fancy hot tears cheek hot tears tears sorrow tears hope warned audiences treaty ratified disorder shake foundations envisioned nation marching fore procession heights rests pure light justice god forty speeches perfectly ordered beautifully phrased thrilling passion intellectual feat delivery remarkable pictured dream dream treaty instinctively country knew moments terrible sanity president lay sleepless private car knew truth departed expected surge public opinion wilson failed materialize senate discussing reservations september test vote president night wilson end strength
radio destined ultimately alter daily habits americans profoundly decade produced broadcasting station opened east pittsburgh november date school children learn carry harding cox election returns station kdka operated westinghouse company revolution communication public entertainment slow headway auditors amateur wireless operators objected stream music phonograph records issued westinghouse station interfered important business real orchestra substituted records resonance room players sat spoiled effect orchestra doors tent roof tent blew tent pitched big room indoors discovered cloth hangings subsequently standard broadcasting studios adequately muffle sound experiment proceeded radio stations opened market reports thrown air dr van pittsburgh permitted services calvary church broadcasted university wisconsin gave radio concerts politicians spouted strange instruments wondered listening dempsey fought carpentier july ringside told story slaughter telephone transmitters relayed air eighty points country enterprise reported obscure corner york times achievement wireless unknown soldier buried arlington cemetery november crowds packed madison square garden york auditorium san francisco hear speeches issue huge amplifiers crowds idea soon hear orations wanted stirring easy chair living room
war cries alarm parents teachers moral preceptors began rend air boys girls growing adolescence making mincemeat code dresses girls matter older women wearing alarming july fashion writer reported york times american woman lifted skirts modest limitation saying hem inches ground freely predicted skirts winter climbed scandalous inches farther flappers wore thin dresses short occasionally evening sleeveless wilder young things rolled stockings knees revealing shocked eyes virtue fleeting glance shin bones knee cap visibly cosmetics intoxication rouge earnestly explained dorothy speare dancers dark insidious vintage known girls mere believe useless frantic parents insist lady things answer daughters ladies retouching masterpieces public abandoning corsets won dance wear corset quoted saying current mode dancing created consternation romantic violin barbaric saxophone dominated orchestra passionate crooning wailing fox trotters moved editor hobart college herald disgustedly called syncopated embrace longer inch space separate danced glued body body cheek cheek
industry decade brought enormous profits manufacturers cosmetics proprietors beauty shops complain vogue rouge lipstick alarmed parents younger generation spread swiftly remotest village women thought paint immoral soon applying regularly matter course making effort disguise fact beauty shops sprung street give apply war wrinkles sagging chins age pluck trim color eyebrows enhance restore bloom youth strange form surgery face lifting took place applied sciences according frances fisher dubuc persons beauty culture business paid income tax firms individuals field listed income tax payers beautician arrived total amount money spent american women cosmetics beauty culture end decade accept conservative prodigious figure quarters billion dollars set professor paul nystrom estimates ran high billion mrs christine frederick tabulated equally staggering figures adult woman country sold annually pound face powder rouge compacts brands perfume market face creams lipsticks sold united states end end reach york reno altogether logical destination
oil cases aristocrats scandals harding administration scandals juicier reeking let hold noses moment examine briefly incredible extravagance corruption veterans bureau charles forbes buccaneer fortune deserter army harding fallen visit hawaii harding forbes put charge government disabled war heroes behalf public considered duty shed appreciative tear forbes held office estimated hundred million dollars astray graft flagrant waste part bureau forbes notorious junket country supposedly selecting hospital sites reality chosen bureau let contracts veterans hospitals regard price instance contract hospital northampton let firm asked thirty thousand dollars lowest bidder charged forbes arrangement builders hospitals pocket profits preposterous purchases hospital supplies veterans bureau bought worth floor wax floor cleaner instance hundred cleaner paid cents gallon expert testimony later brought fact worth cents gallon exclusive water contained quantities surplus goods sold easy disregard price brand sheets cost sold cents apiece moment bureau purchasing apiece
position honor rode automobile manufacturer hour destiny struck paved roads repair shops filling stations plentiful motorist sally fear stuck mudhole stranded benefit gasoline crippled dead spark plug automobiles precision matter motorist need spark plug sight thousands automobile owners lifted hood engine looked closed cars quantity production motorist need spartan blood january stylish models delight eye beginning decade cars somber color invention pyroxylin finishes broke rainbow colors florentine cream versailles violet bodies swung lower expert designers sought harmonies line balloon tires henry ford capitulated style beauty sign needed central place automobile occupy mind heart average american furnished model ford brought december previous spring henry ford shut gigantic plant scrapped model thousands machines brought announced going put car market country suspense obviously drastic
home conspicuous results prosperity conquest country urban tastes urban dress urban living rube disappeared girls villages hampshire wyoming wore skirts lipsticks sisters york proletariat radicals big red scare days called proletariat gradually lost class consciousness american federation labor dwindled membership influence workingmen owned hand applauded jimmy walker objecting exquisite clothes valet frequent visits millionaire haunted sands palm beach accident mellon hoover morrow found wealth asset liability public office widespread popular movement henry ford president possession millions sign success success worshiped country business regarded veneration considered dignified distinguished learned professions thought praised clergyman highly called business college alumni gathered annual banquets fervently applauded banker trustees spoke education greatest american industries compared president dean business executives colleges organized business courses cheerfully granted credit candidates degrees arts sciences advertising copy writing marketing methods elementary stenography drug store practice
word independence rushed wind liberty parts america july news philadelphia fell indifferent ears listened dismay future america lay heard news rejoiced majority joy spark dozen ahead young soldiers civilians farmers artisans planters merchants greedy generous greedy generous sorts heard news hoped future bring established beginning careers rebellious continental congress hub revolutionary politics contained noted parts struggle england soon destined play significant roles creation united states america richard henry lee virginia philadelphia congress persuaded virginia legislature adopt resolution favor independence month proposed independence continental congress close friend patrick henry famous colonies speech stamp act philadelphia support vote independence henry left virginia preceding month ears ringing royal governor proclamation outlawing disturbing peace colony virginian thomas jefferson actually written declaration independence benjamin franklin john adams editing occasionally nitpicking jefferson writings guided colonial protest public part public spoke continental congress caught literary grace earlier ideal penman declaration
continental congress submitted handiwork states legislatures responded sluggishly complained detail protests congress turned deaf ear states fell line maryland delaware jersey hung anxious congress set western limits landed states claimed land pacific ocean delaware jersey responded appeals patriotism winter maryland held maryland stand stiffened strong bloc land speculators unwilling leave ultimate authority western indian lands virginia hands virginia finally generous concession land maryland decently hold longer february half nation midst war survival limped council ambassadors known continental congress real government based written constitution designed ages ages lasted confederation scored brilliant successes recorded dire failures net score subject debate historians end confederation quietly expired deeding twenty civil servants government confederation greatest triumph treaty paris achieved informal awkwardness continental congress happily benjamin franklin center essential business experienced diplomat official american agent paris negotiated french alliance principal colleague john jay thirty summoned spain june energetic patriotism balancing franklin experienced calm jay diplomatic instincts sharp
delegates began assemble philadelphia host eighty benjamin franklin president supreme executive council pennsylvania franklin delegate adopted arrived sedan chair carried trusties nearby prison knew high stakes meeting begin yielded workable instrument government free exult meeting harm show wisdom govern strengthen opinion political writers popular governments support york alexander hamilton destined moment inferior role voluble gouverneur morris noted wit arrogance wooden leg virginia distinguished citizen george washington governor edmund randolph brilliant political thinker james madison estimate father constitution william paterson arrived fight proved losing battle smaller states jersey twelve states straggled rhode island held aloof thomas jefferson friend john adams missed excitement abroad diplomatic missions comparable group talented republicans enriched study experience gathered nation western history gracious fate brought occasion unique event convention operated large informal committee fifty twelve states attended average attendance exceed thirty
delegates left philadelphia september communities invariably central figures discussions secret parley unanimity hall ten members stopped york serve members congress confederation officially receive constitution written members federal convention inspired note friend mason richard henry lee congressman virginia voiced half dozen objections document absence bill rights glance constitution mere revision articles congress convention authority recommend confederacy states majority congress wanted commend constitution legislatures minority grudgingly willing transmit pass commenting merits achieve unanimity congress finally transmitted document legislatures legislatures turn submit popularly elected conventions constitution entered thirteen separate arenas unlike beard carried rivalry realty personalty period ratification mcdonald sees ratification complex story current thinking american historians moving dozens identifiable economic interests scores regional divisions vast area thirteen colonies lend simple categories story ratification leave room diversity friends constitution common federalists acquired deft bit political tactics rights belonged opponents wanted approximate division power states central government existed confederation
government took shape job remained complete constitution addition bill rights states prefaced constitutions bills rights guarantees urgent national government question important americans realize important recall events september issue mind end deliberations philadelphia convention unanimously voted george mason suggestion bill rights article section contained scraps sure reaffirmed privilege habeas corpus forbade attainders post facto laws limited direct taxes convention failure haunted federalists ratification extent blunder apparent antifederalists seized omission rallying point attack james wilson attempted recover initiative highly publicized speech philadelphia weeks federal convention adjourned wilson large shrewd scotsman america half forty ablest lawyers america talent won respect love kowtow popular favor argued constitution set government limited powers powers precisely listed power listed withheld omission bill rights defect specifically deny congress powers anyway awarded congress declaration unnecessary wilson harmful imply congress part power bill rights seek confine
viewed position constitution blueprint limited government creators lived era believed governments formed secure rights derived powers consent exceeded function rebel jefferson put ideas declaration independence account simply writing educated knew changed decade alter american view limited government government restricted defined purposes article section constitution listed powers congress expected understand powers set limit government activities powers reduced limitations congressional action appeared article section federalists professed fear congress unlimited power opponents grounds asserting interpretation flew face informed knew nature limited government fears real bill rights especially tenth amendments surely reassured timid government operate narrow limits reassurance premature constitution create government limited delegated powers extravagant limits generous delegation powers suppose parts article section put constitution gave congress power laws proper carrying execution foregoing powers power lay collect taxes provide general welfare united states
climate explain additional factors soil topography watercourses contributed broader geographical determinism combine hot summers growing seasons rich southern soils alluvial river bottoms sandy loams coastal plains silt loams black belt red clays piedmont agricultural economy logical result add navigable rivers facilitated movement bulky staples considerable distances inland coastal ports requirements commercial form agriculture hand commercial agriculture induced trend large landholdings turn created demand labor argued southerners permitting slavery grow merely submitted compelling natural forces human institutions formed forces rigidly deterministic sure inevitably adjustments fixed environmental conditions limits adjustments variety forms times places roughly similar environmental conditions produced vastly human responses human adaptations successful reason examine forms southern institutions closely facts southern environment unfree labor early rise plantation system proves necessity inevitability slavery actually southern plantation older slavery survived abolition important inevitable plantation continuing supply bondsmen southern agriculture early development depended small farm units emphasis production staple crops
seventeenth century south negro population increased slowly thirty arrival africans virginia counted hundred black laborers population end century southern landholders relied chiefly labor white servants english colonial merchants entered slave trade large scale advantages slavery fully understood negroes began arrive substantial numbers eighteenth century thousands imported annually west indies directly africa eve american revolution virginia population nearly evenly divided negroes whites south carolina negroes outnumbered whites common lot poor emigrants europe suffer hardship making passage america colonial period nineteenth century ordeal leaving familiar places breaking ties making journey overcrowded vessels adjusting strange environment dreadful experience european immigrant groups felt shock experiences severely africans inhumanity traders terrors middle passage breaking process america gave involuntary immigrants vivid impression white culture soon forget estimates total number negroes torn african homes carried range upward million half million brought south legally thousands illegally eighteenth century southerners humanitarianism fortified practical considerations attempts control abolish african slave trade
toil began sunrise visitor mississippi plantation regularly awakened bell rung call slaves soon hear tramp laborers passing avenue soon midnight believe house bell disturbs begrudge minutes loss sleep sounds pleasantly half dreamy morning james hammond south carolina plantation horn blown hour daylight hands required rise prepare cooking horn blown light duty driver visit house left field dusk slaves put tools returned quarters working shorter winter summer chiefly daylight seldom master loss find essential hands busy planned routine carefully saved indoor tasks rainy days alabama planter told father connecticut cotton picking continued january gathered corn ripened august waggons ha ling rails repairing rebuilding fences say weeks knocked cotton stalks pulled corn stalks commenced plowing lying leisure sleeping season england
reliable records minds slaves infer thoughts feelings behavior masters logic situation understanding freedom accepted bondage natural condition hard believe observe masters free obtain distinct idea meaning advantages freedom knew negroes emancipated knew freedom condition continually eyes persons color known slavery freed control masters working going expending money declared group charleston whites petitioned legislature expel free persons color south carolina untutored slaves seldom speculated freedom abstraction naturally focused interest practical benefits escaping severe discipline getting increased compensation labor slave explained simply freedom meant mistress need sick thinkings think tell sell ready heard doctrine natural rights concept freedom surely embraced incidental aspects slaves understanding pragmatic benefits freedom doubt desired enjoy benefits
runaways generally young slaves thirty occasionally masters searched fugitives sixty majority males female runaways means uncommon true mulattoes predominately white ancestry group represented fugitives outnumbered slaves black seemingly pure african ancestry domestics skilled artisans supposedly intimate ties master class ran common field hands bondsmen tried running rare occasions tried repeatedly managed escape spite owners efforts stop slaves frequently identified habitual notorious runaways according masters unruly scoundrels incorrigible scamps humble inoffensive cheerful slaves advertisement maryland fugitive stated appears humor laughs deal runs deal foolishness louisiana master gave description slaves escaped industrious answered smile spoken disposed industrious boy timid spoke white humbly hand hat addressed whites humbly respectfuly smile slaves apparently concealed feelings behaved expected suddenly runaways singly small groups
crime called sabotage slave deliberately unfitting labor master arkansas slave save hour throw left shoulder place kentucky slave unserviceable downing medicines master dispensary showing understanding nostrums owner slave woman treated invalid swelling arms discovered produced condition thrusting arms periodically beehive yellow jacob according master plantation journal kick mule nearly bruise means negro punished owner retaliated cutting hand cut fingers hand avoid sold deep south desperate slaves carried form resistance extreme destruction freshly imported africa sold friends relatives especially prone suicide london slave georgia rice plantation ran river drowned threatened whipping overseer gave orders leave corpse untouched let negroes negro takes treated manner texas planter bewailed loss slave woman hanged unsuccessful breaks freedom offered months ago damn happened fates pursue runaways determined recapture costly resisted risk lives
slaveholders rawhide lacerated skin recommended leather strap eighteen inches half inches wide fastened wooden handle mississippi according visitor whip general consisted stout flexible stalk covered tapering leather plait half feet length formed lash end lash attached soft dry buckskin cracker eighths inch wide ten twelve inches part allowed strike whipping bare skin experienced hand makes loud report stings burns skin smartly bruise frequently master resorted whip depended temperament methods management establishments periods elapsed whippings rice planter explained devil hands deal occasionally amiable slave hand flogged whip willis insolence overseer wrote tennessean regret whipped establishments whip constant size estate relationship amount whipping disposition proprietor decidedly crucial small farmers large planters relied corporal punishment chief method enforcing discipline southern women equally prone lash errant domestics
customary phraseology ante bellum codes south carolina slaves deemed held reputed adjudged law chattels personal hands owners possessors executors administrators assigns intents constructions purposes whatsoever slaves attributes personal property louisiana kentucky attributes real estate laws courts altogether consistent states slaves generally considered personalty treated realty purposes inheritance louisiana supposedly real property retained characteristics chattels personal slave property distinctive peculiar character recognized person legally disposal master property nearly absolute master proclaimed louisiana code sell dispose person industry labor possess acquire belong master kentucky slaves rights secured constitution trial jury cases felony legally bondsman unable acquire title property purchase gift devise party contract promise freedom oral written binding master according arkansas supreme court master contract slave emancipated paying master sum money rendering stipulated amount labor slave pay money perform labor compel master execute contract money labor slave belong master constitute legal consideration contract
occasionally band runaways formidable dispersed volunteers governor called militia capture destroy ordinarily organized police activity delegated slave patrols system patrols loosely connected militia existed slave virginia empowered county corporation court appoint term exceeding months patrols visit negro quarters places suspected unlawful assemblies arrest slaves stroll plantation permission alabama compelled slaveowner sixty nonslaveholder forty perform patrol duty justices precinct divided eligible males detachments patrol night week terms service patrols played major role system control patrols naturally active efficient regions slaves regions places patrol activity sporadic insurrection panics act enemy bosom warned group charlestonians vesey conspiracy fears subsided southerners looked patrol service irksome duty escaped slaveholders preferred pay fines levied nonperformance duty hire substitutes permitted complaint editor austin texas patrol law effective consequence indisposition parties perform duties frequently heard whites alarmed rumors rebellion
distinguishing characteristics english colonies included establishment locally responsible government exercising relative degree autonomy subject crown limited toleration diversity religions market economy mobility social classes factors rooted english history english colonies french spanish colonies england colonial empire depended trade joint stock companies organizations securing capital shareholders direction experienced managerial group sponsored successful colonies virginia plymouth massachusetts bay england economy grew stronger underwent vast england thriving cloth making industry strong merchant class worldwide trade fostered stock companies john cabot exploration north america stimulated england interest early colonization attempts sir humphrey gilbert sir walter raleigh failed colony jamestown virginia managed survive production tobacco contributed financial success political evolution led representative government colony governed colonial council later governor settlers instructed elect delegates represent adopting proper laws colony assembly called house burgesses plymouth company organized religious economic purposes pilgrims left england holland escape religious persecution subsequently left holland failed find jobs feared children stray religion succeed inducing england join holland arrived america pilgrims signed mayflower compact agreement abide rules adopted
generations americans stirred oratory patrick henry virginia declaimed dear peace sweet purchased price chains slavery forbid almighty god course give liberty give death american revolution complex idealistic words patrick henry suggest part worldwide rivalry european nations competing power territories boundaries north american continent war independence english colonies fought separate britain strongest nation western addition civil war englishmen fought englishmen colonials fought colonials american revolution nationalist movement american colonials fought preserve political practices social conditions thought endangered british policies change occurred revolution laid basis democratic nation large numbers population took part government social economic progress american revolution prompted produce statement political principles based concept rights government rights liberty pursuit happiness separating britain english continental colonies canada nation called united states america development granted predicted happen armed conflict occur suddenly political economic diplomatic troubles building century
british policy enlistment negroes inconsistent colonial policy british recognized negroes help hurt colonials promised slaves freedom exchange service late lord dunmore royal governor virginia issued proclamation declare indented servants negroes free able willing bear arms joining majesty troops learning road freedom slaves left owners join british landon carter prominent virginia planter author pro revolutionary pamphlets discovered morning eleven adult male slaves run join british jefferson found number slaves missing alarmed virginians doubled slave patrols order catch runaways policy states nation enlistment blacks changed negroes recruited national navies maryland enlisted blacks virginia militia willing accept negroes congress recommended south carolina georgia military force thousand slaves raised owners compensated slaves served honorably freedom fifty dollars carolina georgia rejected recommendation number negroes continental army grew especially north baron von visited american military headquarters white plains york july found fourth total number soldiers encampment blacks patriot guerrilla action took slaves loyalist british commander replaced loyalist stock slaves blacks acquired british raids southern plantations
americans yearned advantage west escape problems international rivalry republicans federalists escape entanglements europe party ignore nation important commercial tie europe france britain fought continously united states caught difficult dilemma jefferson advocated sharp reduction military expenditures president continued harassment american shipping rulers barbary states north africa morocco algiers tunis tripoli forced increase nation naval strength practice european nations united states paid bribes escape inconvenience barbary pirates demands finally high william eaton led americans mercenaries libyan desert exert pressure tripoli win concessions stephen decatur handful infiltrated harbor tripoli boarded american vessel philadelphia held barbary pirates engaged hand hand combat set fire ship words historian henry adams daring exploits decatur inflamed imagnination school boys heard jefferson party declaimed navy united states navy mainly small vessels able end nuisance significant foreign affairs diplomatic consequences louisiana purchase acquisition louisiana president jefferson inclinations favored france written france takes possession orleans marry british fleet nation purchase louisiana britain chief irritant united states
nationalism sectionalism joined rising democratic spirit politics society election section country offered candidate south tapped john calhoun william crawford crawford georgian monroe republican party congressional caucus position demonstrated powerful party support england candidate john quincy adams federalist turned republican early son president john adams brilliant record secretary monroe west offered sparkling personalities henry clay kentucky andrew jackson tennessee charm attracted important political clay speaker house representatives influential political affairs war jackson hero battle orleans noted frontiersman prominent home final election tally candidates received majority electoral votes required constitution house representatives select winner leading candidates political rivalry keen clay fourth running influenced kentucky representatives vote adams instructions support jackson decision swung kentucky vote general stephen van rensselaer changed vote adams breaking deadlock york delegation adams won jackson followers critical adam election jackson received largest popular vote believed strongest support plain
westward expansion gripped nation fever land land declared delegate jersey democratic convention say young american buffalo land wants land cool shelter summer wants land beautiful pasture grounds tell give oregon summer shade region texas winter pasture race wants salt oceans mighty pacific turbulent atlantic land territory involved rhetoric expansion editor york morning news reminded readers manifest destiny overspread possess continent providence development experiment liberty federated government entrusted term manifest destiny quarters century pulse tingling phrase repeated religious axiom article faith national principle territorial expansion extension united states gained expense indian promised permanent home west mississippi barrier ambitious trans mississippi expansion territories possessed mexico britain stood united states pacific ocean point view national policy indian problem forbidding entanglements mexico england leaders government easily swayed economic political interests indian treaties solemnly adopted president congress
outset congress confederacy lacked leadership outstanding south preferred serve army congress chose civilian duties military chose office home war progressed southerners lost confidence confederate congress held secret sessions failed inform public trying accomplish congress played secondary role president davis chief decisions war confederacy organized government practices experience federal government federal post office system customs officials federal government continued perform duties government creating flag confederacy adopted stars bars minor departure stars stripes worst problem faced confederacy opposition member states friction constant president davis repeatedly appeared confederate governors send troops supplies comply law governors responded states needed defense law adopted calling troops governor georgia replied president davis law unnecessary georgia unconstitutional states end war troops general robert lee lacked blankets uniforms governor refused give ninety thousand uniforms large quantities leather blankets lee forced write states lower south give troops think states judges released imprisoned violating confederate law
reconstruction left wounds economy economic recovery south delayed profound differences opinion unsettling times bitterness agriculture south lagged anticipated industrial improvement postponed poverty south sapped strength welfare nation full economic recovery begin reconstruction promoted lawlessness opposed radical reconstruction took law hands begun trend difficult stop threatening government law reconstruction encouraged southerners think south actually southerners believed war problems disagreements existed southern society perfect war problems ill poverty depression begin matter record war large percentage white southerners lived edge poverty small group planters dominated economic political policy south slavery moral burden blocked advancement modern industrialism science education improved technology shared experiences north south encouraged unity membership agricultural societies nationwide business industrial ties capital investments linked north south iron steel mills developed birmingham alabama chattanooga tennessee cotton textile mills built south railroad expansion connected northern southern cities rate urbanization south north northern soldiers settled south war southerners moved northern cities workers writers ministers businessmen educators southerners northerners moved west
john rockefeller leading figure oil industry recognized effect business operations rapid rise industrialization revolutionized business declared combinations stay individualism return factories industry small business operations generally carried limited scale factory managed owner knew employees member congress wrote businessmen talk millions confidently thousands number firms engaged industry decreased firm growing larger controlled mammoth factories scattered nation firms manufactured agricultural machinery firms producing fifteen times goods oil industry scarcely existed ten later thousands business firms engaged oil industry especially refining crude oil finished products percent refining industry controlled standard oil company headed rockefeller concentration business place corporations instrument management big business early nineteenth century corporations generally confined public undertakings large investment individual important public need bridge toll road corporations set serve private public ends meet problem combined enlarged operations group organized conduct business received shares stock return
gold asia thought certainly silks spices marco polo brought marvelous things overland expeditions centuries turks conquered constantinople eastern mediterranean controlled land routes asia sea route needed portuguese sailors working southern tip africa spain decided gamble sail unknown ocean return bringing gold spices promised columbus percent profits governorship found lands fame title admiral ocean sea merchant clerk italian city genoa part weaver son skilled weaver expert sailor set sailing ships largest santa maria feet thirty crew members columbus asia thousands miles farther calculated imagining smaller doomed expanse sea lucky fourth unknown uncharted land lay europe asia americas early october thirty days crew left canary islands atlantic coast africa saw branches sticks floating water saw flocks birds signs land october sailor called rodrigo saw early morning moon shining white sands cried island bahamas caribbean sea
slavery grew plantation system grew reason easily traceable natural racial repugnance number arriving whites free indentured servants contract meet need plantations virginia slaves twelth population slaves half population blacks easier enslave whites indians easy enslave beginning imported black women resisted enslavement ultimately resistance controlled slavery established millions blacks south difficult conditions pain mutilation death hundred enslavement north america afro americans continued rebel occasionally organized insurrection showed refusal submit running engaged sabotage slowdowns subtle forms resistance asserted brothers sisters dignity human beings refusal began africa slave trader reported negroes wilful loth leave country leap canoes boat ship sea water till drowned black slaves brought hispaniola spanish governor hispaniola complained spanish court fugitive negro slaves teaching disobedience indians slave revolts hispaniola puerto rico santa marta panama shortly rebellions spanish established special police chasing fugitive slaves
report english government south carolina black slaves lately attempted succeeding revolution propose law encouraging entertainment white servants future militia province consist apparently thousand considered sufficient meet threat fear help explain parliament transportation legal punishment crime tens thousands convicts virginia maryland colonies makes understandable virginia assembly bacon rebellion gave amnesty white servants rebelled blacks negroes forbidden carry arms whites finishing servitude muskets corn cash distinction status white black servants clear fear slave rebellion growing white servants allowed virginia join militia substitutes white freeman slave patrols established virginia deal dangers happen insurrections negroes poor white rank file patrols monetary reward racism practical edmund morgan basis careful study slavery virginia sees racism natural black white difference coming class scorn realistic device control freeman disappointed hopes common slaves desperate hope results worse bacon
lucy stone began lecturing women rights church gardner massachusetts brother minister tiny weighed pounds marvelous speaker lecturer american slavery society times deluged cold water reeling thrown book attacked mobs married henry blackwell joined hands wedding read statement acknowledge mutual affection publicly assuming relationship husband wife deem duty declare act part implies sanction promise voluntary obedience present laws marriage refuse recognize wife independent rational confer husband injurious unnatural superiority refuse give marriage mrs stone refused pay taxes represented government officials took household goods payment baby cradle amelia bloomer postmistress small town york developed bloomer women activists adopted place whale boned bodice corsets petticoats elizabeth cady stanton leaders feminist movement period told saw cousin wearing cousin lamp hand baby walk upstairs ease grace flowing robes pulled difficulty lamp baby question readily convinced sore need reform women dress promptly donned similar costume
war barely begun summer writer henry david thoreau lived concord massachusetts refused pay massachusetts poll tax denouncing mexican war put jail spent night friends consent paid tax released later gave lecture resistance civil government printed essay civil disobedience desirable cultivate respect law law whit means respect disposed daily agents injustice common natural result undue respect law file soldiers marching admirable order hill dale wars wills ay common sense consciences makes steep marching produces palpitation heart friend fellow writer ralph waldo emerson agreed thought futile protest emerson visited thoreau jail asked reported thoreau replied churches part outspokenly war timidly silent generally congregational quaker unitarian churches spoke clearly war baptist minister reverand francis wayland president brown university gave sermons university chapel wars defense case unjust war individual morally obligated resist lend money government support
nat turner rebellion southampton county virginia summer threw slaveholding south panic determined effort bolster security slave system turner claiming religious visions gathered seventy slaves rampage plantation plantation murdering fifty women children gathered supporters captured ammunition ran turner eighteen hanged rebellions set emancipation moderate abolitionists claimed answer james hammond supporter slavery course wholly distilled nectar lips discoursed sweetest music imagine prevail give thousand millions dollars slaves thousand millions dollars depreciation lands slaveowner understood prepared henry tragle southampton slave revolt says virginia armed garrisoned total population virginia able field militia force including cavalry artillery grenadiers riflemen light infantry true paper army ways country regiments fully armed equipped astonishing commentary public mind period nation faced sort exterior threat find virginia felt need maintain security force roughly ten percent total number inhabitants black white male female slave freed
thirty leading civil war law increasingly interpreted courts suit capitalist development country studying morton horwitz transformation american law points english commonlaw longer holy stood business growth mill owners legal destroy property flood carry business law eminent domain farmers land give canal companies railroad companies subsidies judgments damages businessmen hands juries unpredictable judges private settlement disputes arbitration replaced court settlements creating dependence lawyers legal profession gained importance ancient idea fair price goods gave courts idea caveat emptor let buyer beware throwing generations consumers mercy businessmen contract law intended discriminate working business shown horwitz early nineteenth century courts worker signed contract left entitled wages worked courts building business broke contract entitled paid point pretense law worker railroad contract equal bargaining power massachusetts judge decided injured worker deserve compensation signing contract agreeing risks
southern blacks military political economic force southern states acquiescence national government concentrated keeping docile working sporadic rebellions cotton fields blacks dispersed sugar fields gangs opportunity organized action struck dollar cents threatening leave strikers arrested jailed walked roads sugar fields carrying banners dollar kansas arrested trespassing strike broken knights labor organizing sugar fields peak knights influence black workers unable feed clothe families wages paid store scrip asked dollar fall close ten thousand sugar laborers strike percent negroes members knights militia arrived gun battles began violence erupted town thibodaux kind refugee village hundreds strikers evicted plantation shacks gathered penniless ragged carrying bed clothing babies refusal threatened entire sugar crop martial law declared thibodaux henry george cox negro brothers leaders knights labor arrested locked cells heard night november shooting broke side claiming fault noon thirty negroes dead dying hundreds wounded
top failures unite blacks whites city workers country farmers lure electoral politics combining destroy populist movement allied democratic party supporting william jennings bryan president populism drown sea democratic politics pressures electoral victory led populism deals major parties city city democrats won absorbed democrats lost disintegrate electoral politics brought top leadership political brokers agrarian radicals radical populists saw fusion democrats try win lose needed independent political movement free silver change fundamental capitalist system texas radical silver coinage leave undisturbed conditions give rise undue concentration wealth henry demarest lloyd noted bryan nomination subsidized part marcus daly anaconda copper william randolph hearst silver interests west saw rhetoric bryan stirred crowd twenty thousand democratic convention petitioned petitions scorned entreated entreaties disregarded begged mocked calamity beg longer entreat petition defy lloyd wrote bitterly poor throwing hats air promise lead wilderness currency route wandering forty currency labyrinth forty led tariff bill
autumn northumberland bearing captive emperor napoleon bonaparte dropped anchor saint helena island opened century peace western europe century democracy rights won greatest triumphs universal suffrage public education scientific marvels social reforms manifested belief perfectibility mankind localized wars bloody case american civil war franco prussian struggle war appeared anachronism dying institution looks going age treaties age wars declared leader american peace forces century reason century force early twentieth century menace war grew incidents africa fighting balkans general war fear lost power frighten dr david starr jordan director peace foundation observed say war europe threatening impending comes say humanly speaking impossible assassination archduke franz ferdinand heir hungarian throne young bosnian terrorist june mean war christ born manger wrote maine newspaperman late july outlook universal brotherhood brighter today summer americans watched growing war crisis indifference
february wilson asked congress authority arm american merchantmen carry undeclared naval war group eleven senators led robert la wisconsin filibustered bill death president attacking opponents group wilful rendered government united states helpless contemptible ahead armed vessels authority ancient statute march american merchantmen left port orders shoot sight war wilson clearest grasp war mean page written shells acres bloated human bodies careless sun rain giving stench terrible campaign somme cost germans british french wilson shrank throwing american lives inferno wilson wished avoid war told secretary lansing united states intact maintain dominance white civilization cabinet meeting february wilson declared according secretary houston order white race part strong meet yellow race japan instance alliance russia dominating china wise submit imputation weakness cowardice late february boat marauders roving seas days president opposed war wilson sleep face ashen racked doubt
march american troops important effect germany launched offensive drove british somme valley late turned french captured prisoners week reached marne fifty miles paris june green reckless american units helped hurl german troops marne chateau thierry cleared belleau wood militarily unimportant appearance fresh american troops unnerved battle gave psychological lift allied morale july germans began drive paris battle marne engaged american soldiers days later germans finished wrote german chancellor hertling optimistic knew lost history played days german seventh army wrote chief staff achieved brilliant initial successes exception division wing encountered american units seventh army confront difficulties july permitting troops enemy rest marshal foch ordered american french colonial troops counterattack july august british french troops played major role allied offensive supported hundreds thousands american soldiers destruction marne flank september struggle st mihiel half million american troops wiped weak german salient captured prisoners bitter days meuse argonne battle assaults primarily american forces general pershing american forces fighting independent units drove germans argonne forest
american asked guarantee territorial integrity existing political independence members league deal swallow country abandoned isolationist assumptions assumption united states unaided maintain national security war convictions merely driven underground astonishing despite tradition isolation despite wilson collapse despite partisan bitterness animosity ethnic groups cent senators voting november willing accept league form country entered league doubtful americans willing assume full obligations united states prepared threat security kind enterprise later undertake korea insufficient incentive abandoning isolation absolute national sovereignty chastening experience war ii hiroshima cold war provide incentive say wilson blunders responsibility failure accept league scarcely matched lodge early spring wilson knew secret treaties force allies rescind wilson held aces fought wholly maritime war terms peace wanted deepseated inability face unpleasantness wilson fact treaties proclaimed idealistic war aims treaties exist fight peace treaty senate wilson unable battle effective compromise
autumn millions americans believe country faced menace revolution genuine revolutionaries constituted threat kind strikes part expressions legitimate grievances political careerists reactionary employer groups monomaniacal faddists stirred alarms exploited sense panic part ignorance part serve ends saloon league official asserted bombing palmer home inspired germans wet tendencies head york lusk committee declared seriousness radicalism started paid agents junker class germany part programme industrial military conquest employer groups red scare denounce closed shop sovietism disguise wave strikes bombings country urged government action radicals spotlight suddenly shifted attorney general mitchell palmer quaker record support progressive legislation palmer wilson floor manager regarded father women suffrage child labor law strong advocate league nations palmer prototype wilsonian liberal democratic party contact labor campaign palmer appointed attorney general partly popularity labor foreign born sooner sworn office march started campaign enemy aliens june bombings hired william flynn reputedly expert anarchism asked received increase budget order combat radicalism
election national disavowal ideas wilson stood cox lost process harding won combination opposites thought peace harsh thought lenient thought wilson betrayed internationalism versailles thought forfeited national integrity workers held responsible high cost living businessmen damned coddling workers americans resented government intervention economy especially wartime regimentation farmers angry wilson withdrew price supports wheat spring farm depression struck summer restore democrats badly divided western democrats convinced wilson favored southern cotton western wheat drys provoked cox vet bryan declared heart grave cox contend irish american ire league german american hostility war group voted harding unusual proportions americans believed wilson democrats broken promise country war closer mark preston observation average american felt government avoided war war avoided america similarly resentment league league issue professor freidel observes wearied subject cases grasping noise harding capitalized immense feeling nostalgia war days simpler
washingon conference united states attempted prevent war limiting arms signing pledges non aggression kellogg briand pact america carried idea parchment peace peace built paper promises ultimate limit agreement abandon war entirely instrument national policy idea treaty outlaw war brain child civic minded chicago lawyer salmon levinson won support senator borah group peace foundation officials idea perfectly tune borah views foreign affairs generally regarded isolationist borah edgar kemler noted actually vestigial internationalist looked power public opinion instrumentality international law maintain peace secure justice early spring professor james shotwell columbia university persuaded french foreign minister aristide briand announce ready enter agreement united states mutual outlawry war briand interested shotwell principles drawing united states french system alliances cool proposal secretary kellogg month barrage public opinion stirred borah relented notified briand negotiate treaty outlaw war extended powers briand mind assistant secretary castle noted jubilantly diary monsieur briand limb briand choice accept kellogg terms
progressive convention cleveland spirit evangelical revivalism characterized convention earlier progressives convention veterans protest parties general jacob jersey editor john wore flowing beard oath shave populism victorious spokesman newer urban progressivism fiorello la told convention let streets attitudes york wall street speak avenue street broad wall progressives named la candidate president vice presidential nominee chose senator burton wheeler montana democrat probe driven harry daugherty cabinet progressive platform attacked monopoly urged congress power override supreme court supported government ownership railroads eventually water power resources backed collective bargaining advocated direct nomination election president june democratic party assembled madison square garden famous deadlocked convention midst terrible heat wave delegates battled seventeen days agree platform candidates marked point urbanization america unfortunate equilibrium struck urban northeast rural south west urban rural elements bad showing convention democrats south west emerged racial bigots championed ku klux klan texas delegates dissuaded burning fiery cross yorkers appeared advantage shouted bryan behaved cockney rowdies
war literary tradition america known end death beginning strong impression recalled malcolm cowley bustle hopefulness filled early institutions founded magazines clubs theatres art free love single tax colonies experimental schools picture galleries sense secret comradeship immense potentialities change intellectuals yearning republic founded magazines painters john marin marsden hartley creating art forms isadora duncan threw rigid dance patterns past amy lowell wrote free verse stable macdougal street american theater fresh start founding provincetown players woodrow wilson caught spirit age phrase freedom poet ezra pound foresaw inevitable american risorgimento italian renaissance look tempest teapot numerous speak renaissance birth culture writes whipple sure era dying law literary history spectacular outbursts look ushering epoch truth ushering risorgimento assault classical rational assumptions nineteenth century america mabel dodge salon avenue rebels met schemed upset america fatal disaster order things rebellious intellectuals turned philosophers irrational bergson nietzsche continued tradition naturalism established writers zola ibsen bristled victorian standard decorum
harold laski british political scientist remarked americans find easy happy foreign observers noticed constant need americans active ceaselessly endlessly united states history clearly renounced contemplative active emphasis activity clearly traceable protestant heritage europe europe protestantism religion rising merchant class protestantism capitalism allies start virtues vices part protestantism virtues vices natural middle class industry thrift prudence economy restraint manner domestic virtue characteristics success industrial society virtues emphasized john calvin french religious reformer created major elements protestant thought preserved smith major historians protestant reformation noted vices likely flourish soil hypocrisy greed narrow minded meddlesome hostility pleasures social graces art medieval catholic ideal flee renounce present society order build credits entrance heaven protestant reversed order moral growth smith remarked typically godly longer monk diligent faithful business addition protestants reversed medieval attitude accumulation wealth catholic middle ages poverty ideal
americans tend issues strict moral terms events actions attitudes bad moral immoral ethical unethical dramas produce hero villain hollywood western film viewers taught code identify hero wears white hat villain black medieval catholic tradition established emphasis morality reformation calvin protestants accepted expanded moral rigidity prudishness accompanied activities commonly thought pleasurable forbidden puritan attitudes soon imbedded colonial america prudishness things sexual common puritan attitude women held inferior position place family bearers children permitted double standard sexual morality women expected virginity marriage attitudes persisted twentieth century women revolted took lead abandoning rigid sexual codes working equitable roles society puritans concerned inhibiting behavior controlling efforts close pleasure spots standard american history earnest temperance prohibition advocates attacked alcoholic beverages moralists consistently tried suppress gambling preservation sabbath slogan prevent teams competing sports sunday today sense puritanical attitude attack cigarette smoking prevention cancer content nursing puritanical attitudes home americans attempted impose abroad american foreign policy conducted especially presidency woodrow wilson strong moral aura
economic success capitalism united states created society wide disparities ownership wealth top business stood john rockefeller controlled percent oil distribution facilities united states control standard oil trust income reached million income tax rockefeller host business leaders learned vast natural resources america imagination drive measure ruthlessness business system grew supplying union army civil war produced substantial middle class existed nation history mankind bottom scale stood workers exploited counterparts europe sharing prosperity americans america businessmen believed capitalism captains industry owned small grocery stores supported system nation wealth increased poured hands share members establishment found increasingly defend favored position arguments rationalize privileged position centered theme god nature decreed unequal society late nineteenth century america strongly religiously oriented society sought protestant creeds justification proper order henry ward beecher controversial brooklyn minister god intended
traditional values small town america continue base system prevailing united states despite passage older values survive intact stresses laid efficiency practicality usefulness productivity progress material comfort nationalism patriotism retain high position hierarchy values americans believe place trust system remain rigid rapidly changing society substantial subtle occurred occurring values americans accept act look happening concept equality suggest belief american society founded american declaration independence asserted principle hold truths evident created equal stroke pen thomas jefferson hand equality professed elements american faith unfortunately equality ideal swedish sociologist gunnar myrdal wrote american dilemma major study black place united states pointed americans believe equality principle reluctant practice noted americans felt painful twinge conscience behavior refused act americans read myrdal book nodded agreement help change status negroes united states apparently americans live contradictory situation comfortably ancestors lived century half preceding
american factory worker wanted revolution drastic change roots fixed middle class values support private ownership property profits production free enterprise system workers believed firmly middle class myth samuel gompers brought american federation labor national stage understood basically conservative psychology craft union goals afl limited directly related job afl leaders rank file skilled semiskilled unskilled workers approved capitalism profit system wanted larger share profits industrialists control working conditions interested supporting parties setting ventures bring management role supporting radicals wanted change system congress industrial organizations cio founded socially conscious policy afl large unions recombined forces afl cio took activist policies cio recently continuing higher wages shorter working hours afl cio broadened program fight housing health medicare legislation support antipoverty programs president lyndon johnson seek concrete security plan guaranteed annual wage measures revolutionary fall clearly traditional theme labor drive larger slice capitalist pie
religious conflicts took place traditional protestantism forces protestant fold referred modernists modernists believed religion find means system accept findings science relativistic ideas coming science social sciences entered intellectual liberal protestants accepted adjusting religious beliefs ethical views changed perspective modernists emphasized humanity jesus compatibility science modern religion priority ethics doctrine behaved felt fully important important believed liberal protestantism moved position lived decent christian saved regardless nature belief god interest formal religion dropped church membership declined discussion religious issues took place pages newspapers overwhelming issues depression war ii early dominated american intellectual levels older debated issue reconcile religious teachings relativism modern educated dropped discussion replaced strongly secular view discussion worth spent religion irrelevant dominated science late witnessed resurgence strength churches attendance increased church affiliation figures rose highest point american history
martin luther king strategy nonviolent resistance promoting negro naacp continuing efforts courts yielded success areas congress concerned status negro pushed bitter southern opposition series civil rights bills late early represented direct congressional action field end reconstruction bills included provision enforcement responsibility firmly office attorney general united states passage civil rights act federal government century took active responsibility protecting southern negroes register vote later civil rights act congress prohibited racial discrimination public accommodations hotels restaurants theaters authorized attorney general initiate civil suits enforce provisions addition employers labor union officials forbidden select hire basis race despite predictions bitter opponents legislation began widespread effects produce lessening informal discrimination mid economic opportunity act congress begun destined war widespread poverty found midst affluent society antipoverty act identified authorized expenditure million youth training programs aid farm families economically distressed areas community projects poverty areas numerous efforts designed alleviate eliminate worst economic distress
social movements begun tend progressively militant agitated angry voices ghetto blacks angrier filled greater bitterness denied reach tensions erupted series riots negro ghettos worst urban riots american history riots laid waste ghetto areas cities los detroit newark kansas city gary cleveland large small significantly nearly negro riots broke northern urban centers received largest numbers black migrants period war ii actual count distinct disturbances assassination dr king violence erupted american communities month pattern cities rioters generally young blacks incident set riot involved city police white black businesses located ghetto areas looted massive reinforcements city police national guard massive incendiary fires set ghetto open battling resembled guerrilla warfare riot suppressed force rioters investigators national advisory commission civil disorders kerner commission concluded rioters poorest poor hard core unemployed educated unassimilated migrants newcomers city evidence found personality disturbances set values americans
powerful books describing black point view eldridge cleaver soul ice written author prison parole cleaver later fled united states risk returning jail negro revolution home national liberation movements abroad unceremoniously shattered fantasy whites living painful fantasy rendered uninhabitable half twentieth century white youth today turning young white today help recoil base deeds side continent sees racial arrogance savage brutality conquered subjugated genocide sees human cargo slave trade sees systematic extermination american indians sees civilized nations europe fighting imperial depravity lands possession end ghastly deeds guilty guilty slaughter jews germans dropping atomic bombs japanese deeds weigh heavily prostrate souls tumultuous consciences white youth white heroes hands dripping blood dead young whites colored afro americans included seek revenge suffering seek things white rebel wants end war exploitation black white young rebels free free americans history country
believed christopher columbus discovered indians americas arrived twenty thousand famous voyage indians americans built complex civilizations futhermore non indian explorers columbus certainly map shows dates routes groups suggested earlier explorers proof offered support claim group indians america agrees indians explorers historians debate european explorers contact american indians columbus newspapers print stories groups arrived columbus stories based finding roman coin written inscription carved stone based findings scholars point similarity turkish words words found language maya aztec indians pottery ecuador decorated pottery found japan believe japanese landed west coast south america experts agree europeans encounter american indians lands impressions map excitement found team experts yale university studied map
let try generalization cost europeans money outfit ships finance settlements ideally advantageous european powers finance settlements natural resources located areas precious metals natural resources mined gathered tools techniques generalization economic conditions support settlement generalizations relationships natural environment settlement predict nation greatest success colonization need data important european settlement fact living americas american indians certainly asia arctic hunting plains evidence mexico ability europeans cooperate indians affect settlement indians helpful assisted europeans arrived indians introduced europeans corn potatoes peanuts pumpkins squash tomatoes tobacco products found later europeans enemies conquer destroy indian culture culture indian tribe affected reaction europeans tribes accepted europeans resisted force aztecs central mexico incas peru highly developed civilizations gravely weakened political jealousies divisions helped spanish defeat
small towns england success starting schools distance farms plantations frontier south posed difficulties starting schools areas middle colonies number religious groups hindered development schools religious group unwilling support group efforts cooperation religions rare percent religious colonists considered protestants today catholics colonies thousand jewish settlers differences protestant groups strongly emphasized present presbyterian anglican lutheran reason success england efforts starting schools influence puritan ministers law passed landmark history public education law towns small set schools supported taxes devil knowledge bible think influence ministers lawmakers community case towns enforced law public school education practice boys school law beginning idea free public education child addition elementary schools grammar schools colleges started colonial period purpose mainly train ministers religion typically subject books read colonists addition literature written colonial america devoted mainly religious matters history
constitution adopted states quickly chose electors vote president doubted outcome supported government sure george washington president washington wanted stay home continue virginia planter refuse government start electors read earlier unanimously voted president president honored washington wealthy lands slaves short cash borrow money trip york temporary capital traveled north virginia passed towns villages bands played cannons boomed misty eyed army veterans saluted swarms young girls threw flowers feet inauguration april washington took oath office president united states guns roared bells pealed crowds celebrated occasion enthusiastically elections congress gave large majorities federalists group originally supported constitution meant president congress set government major reason constitution adopted promise opponents strong national government government safeguard individual liberties adopting bill rights basis suggestions ratifying conventions james madison congress vote series amendments guaranteeing human liberties ten ratified states added constitution amendments known bill rights important constitution
president thomas jefferson continued liked americans end term office united states added vast area louisiana purchase territory united states navy fought courageous war barbary pirates north africa pirates completely subdued unpopular whiskey tax ended federal government depended tariffs main source income national banking system started alexander hamilton enjoyed high degree confidence thomas jefferson major disappointment actions federal judges jefferson called john marshall chief justice supreme court crafty chief judge actually john marshall jefferson cousin jefferson dislike kinsman fellow virginian reason john marshall remarkable influential supreme court justices consistently maintained supreme court final interpret constitution strongly believed supreme court power decide law congress constitutional gave supreme court immense control president congress marshall established power supreme court famous cases mcculloch maryland marbury madison jefferson objections important marshall interpreted constitution broadly congress things mentioned constitution provided laws promoted general welfare jefferson hand felt constitution interpreted limited strict manner president jefferson interpret constitution broadly bought louisiana territory
jefferson embargo act stimulated american manufacturing european imports allowed united states addition money invested shipping trade domestic manufacturing south cotton meant prosperity yankee textile manufacturers war american factories able spin weave cotton previously cotton cloth manufactured england complete textile mill began operations waltham massachusetts greatest incentives growth american industry development number important inventions era technology complex machines rise technology called industrial revolution industrialization remember term revolution signifies lives industrial revolution complex machinery invented found ways natural resources sources power tools produced goods faster large numbers moved farm city improvements transportation communication part industrial revolution inventions textile machinery paved ways workers tended machines produce large quantities goods workers engaged vastly type handicraft days business organization changed considerably companies factories grew larger owners workers considered belong social classes factory system start east typical factory contrast small shop power driven machinery large factories power streams
violent rebellion history american slavery led nat turner turner believed chosen god lead slaves white masters followers killed master master family revolt spread rapidly south feared full scale revolution main group slaves finally overwhelmed troops white blacks killed months later turner captured executed southern slaveowners faced rebellion john brown raid rebellions showed negroes willing kill killed attempts achieve freedom remember eli whitney invented amazing machine pull seeds cotton cotton gin enabled slave fifty workers cotton growers sell grow slaves needed raise additional cotton cotton quickly major southern crop textile manufacturers factory workers planters bankers shipowners ship crews depended increasingly negro slaves raise cotton entire market term cotton kingdom describe southern states grew cotton thousand mile belt south carolina texas cotton industry grew possibility peaceful end slavery declined slaves found prospect slavery ending remote economic basis slavery expanded slaveholders felt strongly slavery essential took violent measures suppress slave rebellions punish runaways slaves lived large plantations white masters owned persons
abraham lincoln sworn president march inaugural address assured south friendship understanding promised interfere slavery leave union pleaded confederate states return country peace concluded enemies friends enemies south jefferson davis convinced lincoln shipload supplies fort sumter federal army base harbor charleston south carolina confederate guns opened fire outpost thirty hours eighty fort surrendered april attack fort sumter aroused war fever north south lincoln troops preserve union called volunteers answered call enlistment south opposed slavery secession joined southern individuals states choose sides arkansas tennessee north carolina virginia joined confederacy war begun chart compares advantages north south civil war north superior south resource money industry food supplies mines skilled labor south conquered arithmetic resources important war industrialized north factories turn countless guns ammunition uniforms shoes war materiel union railroads rapid shipment supplies troops south million arms north million
civil war major american wars fighting spanish american war army officers tempted gain glory fighting indians negotiating peacefully segments american public calling times put hostile indians cost understandable military generally supported values westerners army supported western ideas indians colonel george custer later killed battle big horn army officers white friends indians cavalry stationed west mississippi percent black established heroic image riding rescue settlers actual practice indian campaigns warfare ugly affairs subdue indians army destroyed indians food left women children cold hungry defenseless indian population declined sharply indian war army relationship indian difficult white general william sherman defined indian reservation parcel land set indians completely surrounded white thieves military officers realized indian wars started white goaded indians attacking attitudes indian varied white traders indian bureau employees contact indians honest tried help indians corrupt exploited cheated
molested hope continuance england joint consent resolved low countries heard freedom religion sundry london parts land exiled persecuted thither lived amsterdam places land continued meetings sabbath place exercising worship god notwithstanding diligence malice adversaries seeing longer continue condition resolved holland lived city eleven twelve prudent governors sundry sagest members began deeply apprehend present dangers wisely foresee future think timely remedy agitation thoughts discourse things hereabout length began incline conclusion removal place newfangledness giddy humor oftentimes transported hurt danger sundry weighty solid reasons chief briefly touch saw found experience hardness place country comparison fewer bide continue desired endure labour hard fare inconveniences underwent contented
inhabitants england encourage circulation province bills credit paper money letting interest land security acts enforcing received subjects payments contracts equal money reason number bills amount upwards governments notwithstanding public faith sanction support annually sink number evade credit bills sunk low lost moiety half doth evidently show obliged receive public payments full prejudicial revenue dangerous consequence trade commerce destructive industry property subject proceedings lead source evils presume notice manner open scene surprise lordships gentlemen country merchants moneyed excepted possess improved waste lands majority members general assemblies part bills circulate credit lands money treasure laid bank support laws obliging received payments persons lawful tenders moneyed estates merchants traders generally possessors bills growth produce country risen extravagant prices
colonies descendants englishmen england sir nation hope respects adored freedom colonists emigrated part character predominant took bias direction moment parted hands devoted liberty liberty according english ideas english principle happened sir contests freedom country earliest times chiefly question taxing order give fullest satisfaction concerning importance point defended excellence english constitution insist privilege granting money prove acknowledged reside body called house commons took infinite pains inculcate fundamental principle monarchies possess power granting money shadow liberty subsist colonies draw lifeblood ideas principles love liberty fixed attached specific point taxing idea considering yield matter grant matter favour admit colonies interest constitution recording admission journals parliament give strong assurance nature thing admit mean adhere solemn declaration systematic indulgence
earnest endeavours prince regent preserve relations peace amity united states america unfortunately failed royal highness acting behalf majesty deems proper publicly declare origin war government united states compelled engage royal highness acknowledge blockade whatsoever illegal duly notified supported adequate force merely ground extent ports coasts blockaded invested land royal highness admit neutral trade britain constituted public crime commission expose ships power denationalized royal highness admit britain debarred retaliation fear eventually affecting interest neutral royal highness admit exercise undoubted hitherto undisputed searching neutral merchant vessels war impressment british seamen found deemed violation neutral flag admit taking seamen board vessels considered neutral hostile measure justifiable war clearly established sovereign allegiance subjects especially war
period united states witnessed intellectual awakening creative outburst american produced golden age american literature impulse humanitarian reforms major factors influenced liberation american mind political liberation extension voting rights jacksonian era spiritual liberation philosophy transcendentalism based belief ability soul transcend senses discover truth reality achieve perfection society reform movements resulted political spiritual liberation readings chapter based activities reformers areas free public education care insane abolition slavery movement free tax supported public schools led horace mann henry bernard attempt provide free quality education elementary later secondary level opposition movement sources opposed aid education opposed paying higher taxes simply opposed education questioned book larnin efforts mann barnard free public elementary schools prevalent united states especially cities north free public secondary schools rare fifty public high schools country movement proper care insane led schoolteacher dorothea dix
plan colonization society presented claim public consideration opportunity offers removing horrid specter early guilt secure countenance nation patronage government fortunately humanity addresses feelings powerful operation directly connected interests intimately ordinary pursuits lives stop inquire advantages merely pecuniary character dwell spur necessarily navigation annual transportation individuals coast africa additional employment afforded enterprising seamen commercial advantages result independent settlement coast africa bound considerations course occupy attention statesmen advantages result colonization free color felt class community operate alike morals habits laws wealth strength removal free color country auspices general government fail ameliorate present condition slaves furnish practical means ultimate elevation rank free slavery mildest form evil darkest character cruel unnatural origin plea urged justification continuance plea necessity necessity requires submit existing evils substitute removal character
weak reckless temporarily administer federal government aware fact undeniably fact existence government administer seriously involved execution conscription putting force measure event war act framed absolute deference constitution broadest attainable basis representative support fairly forced passage constitution restraints decencies senatorial debate circumstances attended final passage supposed national legislature oligarchic conspiracy plotting vast scheme military servitude council giving form independent determination organizing force assertion freedom idea military conscription profoundly repugnant american mind supposed unusual steps friends resort present utmost frankness light adapted dissipate popular hostility sort measure ventured england dark days press gang filled english ships war slaves dimmed glory england noblest naval heroes measure wholly repugnant habits prejudices thrust statute book say force conscription act passed conscription natural consequences
president freedmen bureau originally established intended according provisions extend states assumed secede shut eyes fact extensive bureau country enter computation cost country incurred support bureau thing hundreds thousands negro race supported treasury united states white country taxed pay expense section bill requires million acres land assigned states south freedmen bill land land provided poor white country poor land comes negro race million acres set land estimate rental million acres land dollars acre free negroes country entitled rental lands suppose benevolent faithful friends republican party collect rents rents received treasury united states bill million acres allotments forty acres freedman farm land forty acres propose put negro farm forty acres house live bill section provided shelter
haskins worked fiend wife heroic woman bore uncomplainingly terrible burdens rose early toiled intermission till darkness fell plain tumbled bed bone muscle aching fatigue rise sun morning round ferocity labor june result herculean toil began show farm yard cleaned sown grass garden ploughed planted house mended council neighbor cows em run em shares don want milk ike sat ys ys stand bother seeing confidence council newcomer sold tools able farmer soon round evidences care thrift advice council farm privilege re renting buying end term bargain want nail countil kind ov crop pay debts seed bread hope sprang heart haskins wife grew pain wide field wheat began wave rustle swirl winds july snatch moments supper look grand
freedom going mean lives slaves future half million slaves civil war began chapter find free meant born slave georgia civil war story appeared magazine early negro born war elbert county ga reckon forty knew father shortly war mother died left care uncle happened remember ten uncle hired captain learned plow hand picking cotton captain month put farm twenty thirty negroes women children beginning boys tasks women difference worked hard week frolic saturday nights sundays happy week women don children week uncle collected money saw
main body indians rushed bed creek dry level sand pools water side wide bed stood banks ten feet high main body fled dry bed part young trying save herd soldiers small parties running directions sand hills parties ten middle aged cheyenne started sand hills west creek joined troops saw opened heavy fire forcing run shelter bed creek started stream bed main body indians company cavalry close heels shooting foot passed indians women children wounded dead lying sand pools water presently place main party stopped hiding pits dug high bank stream reached place struck ball hip badly wounded managed pits pits nearly chivington gathered continually coming pursuit small bodies indians fled sand hills soldiers concentrated fire pits fought guns bows guns
major colley government indian agent protested attack sand creek encampment congress decided investigate matter special commission listened number sand creek november officer gave account events battle daybreak morning november sight camp friendly indians ordered colonel chivington attack command colonel chivington composed thousand village indians consisted hundred hundred thirty lodges able judge hundred hundred souls majority women children going battleground body woman child scalped instances bodies mutilated horrible manner heard say cut fingers indian rings hand according knowledge belief atrocities committed knowledge chivington taking measures prevent heard instance child months thrown feed box wagon carried distance left ground perish arrived indian village daylight captain john smith indian interpreter attempting troops fired command rear organization troops hook shots flying ranks
riotous wake freedom rides alabama mississippi growing concern violence lies ahead going court file suits past integrationists sending organized groups south open challenges segregation laws customs groups stress nonviolence train mixed teams negroes whites techniques passive resistance result campaign violence breaking place white mobs attacked negroes white allies anniston birmingham montgomery ala arrests jackson miss marshals montgomery alabama governor john patterson declared martial law hundreds armed national guardsmen city touched wave violence called freedom rides south rides began north rioting broke montgomery ala white mob beat kicked clubbed freedom riders injured representative justice department police slow moving halt violence attorney general robert kennedy immediately ordered marshals scene governor patterson proclaimed martial law montgomery mob menaced negroes meeting church hear speech martin luther king national guardsmen helped police marshals turn mob chain reaction freedom riders invaded mississippi police escorted riders safely jackson capital arrested charges breach peace disobeying police officers jackson municipal court found guilty breach peace suspended jail terms fined
severe labor unrest trouble city chicago large industries large number union members situation worse hundred anarchists chicago trying persuade union members seize factories kill owners say tensions running high chicago workers dissatisfied angry citizens public officials afraid rioting open rebellion break midst tension fear chain events began led tragically hanging workers called strike demand hour industries days later workers attacked mccormick reaper works large factory scene trouble earlier met armed police fists flew clubs heads cracked sides killed protest police action mccormick works meeting planned workers night thousand workers gathered haymarket square meeting anarchists spoke injustices workers tolerate speeches company policemen arrived demanded workers home point dynamite bomb thrown group police exploded devastating force killing policeman spot wounding ten minute riot police fired crowd fired return result policemen ultimately died wounds
early spring railroad train chugged melting snow rural illinois reached small town stopped pick freight passengers small group farmers mud slush unpaved main street boots climbed steps slat sided passenger car chose seats nearly empty car sat talked quietly seated engineer blew whistle pot engine jerked short line cars station conductor looking important blue uniform strode car reached farmer held hand ticket farmer handed conductor carefully counted stack soiled bills didn chance buy tickets station re going chicago buy tickets quickly counting money conductor answered sorry cost dollars twenty cents chicago wait minute farmer look anger determination growing face re going chicago re paying fare legislature passed law railroads couldn charge half cents mile carry passengers law pay conductor confused answered private railroad sets rates bunch hayseeds legislature going set pay fare heck group farmers stood
received cable admiral dewey telling taking phillipines looked location globe told darned islands miles truth didn want phillipines gift gods spanish war broke dewey hong kong ordered manila capture destroy spanish fleet thought thought manila luzon islands walked floor white house night night midnight ashamed tell gentlemen knees prayed almighty god light guidance night night don give spain cowardly dishonorable turn france germany commercial rivals orient bad business discreditable leave unfit government soon anarchy misrule worse spain left educate filipinos uplift civilize god grace
columbus voyages europeans thought large land mass east explorers sailed broad rivers north south america searching water route pacific ocean route existed began dream building cutting canal land barrier logical place narrow neck land north south america called isthmus panama dreams building canal took complete attempts late ended dismal failure american company attempted build canal nicaragua bankrupt wasting half million dollars earlier french company led ferdinand de lesseps famous building suez canal begun province colombia called panama site present canal steaming hot jungle torrential rain mosquitoes carrying malaria yellow fever plagued workers start workers died project abandoned financial loss frenchman worked lesseps give philippe closer look cartoon reveal depicted villain black hat pointed mustache brilliant energetic french engineer refused quit lesseps company bankrupt hope united states provide money help succeed companies failed teddy roosevelt interested building canal join atlantic pacific oceans
began sunny june morning chauffeur driven open touring car archduke austria hungary wife winding narrow streets sarajevo obscure town known country bosnia chauffeur wrong turn francis joseph street preparing turn nineteen youth moved car pistol hand fired archduke wife spurt blood shot archduke mouth wife sophie cried heaven sake happened seconds later collapsed unconciousness chauffeur thought shock dying archduke sensed hit assassin bullets cried sophie dear sophie dear don die stay alive children archduke wife dead ended drama sarajevo evening shocked citizens read newspapers assassinated archduke faraway place thought event effect lives realized shot killed archduke spark igniting powder keg powder keg europe exploded war war ended grey november morning cease fire order effect truly quiet western front war end celebrate begun adventure novelty ended nightmare chaos human suffering nearly women killed fighting crippled
centers american cities positioned huge armories grim nineteenth century edifices brick stone fortresses complete massive walls loopholes guns wondered occurred built protect america invasion abroad popular revolt home erection monument upheaval july history books memorable date marks american mass strike movement viewed violent rebellion strikers stopped seized nation important industry railroads crowds defeated won police militias cases federal troops general strikes stopped activity dozen major cities strikers took social authority communities nation began monday july railroad town martinsburg west virginia baltimore ohio railroad cut wages ten percent cut months martinsburg gathered railroad yards talking waiting evening crew cattle train fed abandoned train trainmen refused replace crowd gathered strikers uncoupled engines ran roundhouse announced bno officials trains leave martinsburg till pay cut rescinded mayor arrived conferred railroad officials tried soothe crowd booed ordered arrest strike leaders laughed backed resistance angry crowd
upheaval expression economic social system america surely cities railroads factories sprung enormous expansion industry civil war transformed millions grown farmers employed artisans entrepreneurs employees growing thousands concentrated corporate empires longer part village town communities extended families stable unchallenged values concentrated cities anonymity freedom longer individual competitive group cooperative longer directed worked control boss longer controlled property worked fruits find fruitful employment property agreed hire upheaval grew intuitive sense needed support powerful sense unity embodied centralized plan leadership feelings action participant concert action start editor labor standard pointed spread workmen pittsburgh felt oppression felt workmen west virginia workmen chicago st louis pittsburgh concludes historian robert bruce andrew hice gus harris david davis assumed lead briefly point happened foremost nerve vehemence newark ohio single individual command strikers
character strikes changed radically depression preceded strikes resistance wage cuts beginnings business recovery strikes power issues hours labor hiring firing organization arbitrary power foremen superintendents wave began late spontaneous outbreaks unorganized masses typical strike ten hour saginaw valley michigan legislature passed ten hour law proved unenforceable response previous organization predominantly polish american workers lumber shingle mills struck ten hour reduction pay strikers marched body mill mill demanding quit shut entire lumber industry turning steam banking fires including seventeen shingle mills sixty lumber mills fifty salt blocks employers imported fifty pinkerton detectives large body militia poised intervene strike won months workers jay gould southwestern railroad system exemplified movement discovered power previous strikes developed organization coordination subject arbitrary power employers wages constantly cut chisled arbitrarily transferred job harassed local railroad officials beset grievances answer members fired attending union meeting permission strike felt inevitable broke march
began convict labor system found calculating free laborers loath enter strikes saw company amply provided convict labor spring miners briceville anderson county turned contract forbid strikes grievances give checkweightman provide pay scrip redeemable company store illegal tennessee law july operators imported carload forty convicts convicts tore miners houses erected stockades ten days later miners decided mass meeting act main body convicts arrived midnight armed miners advanced stockade massed line demanding release convicts officers guards realized resistance futile miners marched convicts guards officers depot coal creek packed train knoxville governor person anderson county head companies militia convicts tow governor departed miners entertained soldiers homes slipped food barracks militia requested leaves absence detachment nearly deserted generally doubted militiamen action miners similarly according superintendent prisons nearly citizens anderson county mines sympathy mob july miners surrounding counties including kentucky armed shotguns winchester rifles colt pistols began pouring briceville coal creek trains mules foot
major event involved strike northern railroad controlled james hill times northern cut wages times officers railroad brotherhoods recommended accept cuts disgusted number joined rules contrast brotherhoods strike called majority members railroad line involved wage cut members northern declared strike single lodge organized strike supported members workers including rank file railroad brotherhoods brotherhood officials helped company recruit strikebreakers run trains strike stopped freight traffic line recourse blockade weeks company forced accept arbitration decision practically complete victory workers victory jim hill results victory jay gould knights labor coming midst rising discontent series defeats victory dramatized workers possibility power solidarity workers flooded according ray ginger debs biographer officers unable pass charters fast pace applications entire lodges railway carmen switchmen transferred firemen conductors engineers joined industrial union
real issue strike course simply wages workers pullman george pullman defined issue principle manage property secret minutes general managers association suggested question railroads determine cars handle lines vice president george howard put contended handle handle pleased company announced publicly haul cars chose regardless delegates convention say employees say real issue issue power understood turn determine questions wages working conditions pullman strike showed merely making non violent strike industry strike seriously challenged corporate power workers bring entire organized force society including military force debs put number limited number poorly paid organization income ceases starving power government recognized influence society side side corporations perfect alliance things money command means subsidized press able control newspapers means false vitiated public opinion clergy steadily united thundering denunciations courts militia federal troops things side corporations
strikes outlaw wildcat strikes opposed heartily unions employers spread citadels trade union authority printing trades important railroads practical purposes railroad workers strike exist federal suppression pullman strike unions generally supported affairs railroad strikes occurred met opposition railroads unions government true war post war period railroads federal control march discontent rose cost living april prices risen hundred percent railroad wages fifty percent april government refused requests wage increases according commons history labor united states mindsof pent resentment injustice directed dilatory government officials railway managers union officials apparently bore situation patience unbecoming charged situation railroad worker named john grunau leader insurgent chicago association demoted chicago yards april switchmen line immediately walked protest strike crystallized general discontent railroad workers days railroad chicago area involved strike switchmen april strike spread spontaneously country reaching york san francisco los pittsburgh memphis st louis kansas city omaha detroit engineers conductors firemen joined striking switchmen
period expansion american capitalism trade unions period decline met trying persuade employers establish unionism order guarantee labor peace late twenties america leading economists widely seconded declared country entered era permanent prosperity constriction begun industries coal textiles collapse stock market october depression believed thing past set enormous misery loss jobs fifteen million workers unemployed early according york newspaperman groups thirty forty enter chain grocery stores ask credit clerk tells business cash bid stand don want harm things eat load depart kind desperation unemployed began improvising variety forms direct action meet needs dramatic direct action stop evictions reporter typical eviction riot chicago woman living block chicago children husband stockyards workman job half ten dollars month brother law borrowing neighbors pantries fed family money left rent warnings landlord crisis evicted tuesday block lives member local branch unemployed council
july charles wheeler vice president mccormick steamship lines raids radical centers start soon government consent series vigilante raids began coast marine workers industrial union service league western worker radical organizations gathering places according york times vigilantes connected committee organized prominent citizens behest mayor rossi raids regular pattern leather jackets drove broke smashed windows furniture typewriters beat police invariably arrived attackers departed arrested beaten army immigration officials interrogated arrested held deportation radicals faced virtual reign terror general strike succeeded preventing crushing longshoremen moment labor council leadership began maneuvering bring end began july president green disowned strike strike general strike committee called arbitration issues giving basic demand strike union hiring hall reopened union restaurants butcher shops ended embargoes gasoline fuel oil generated irresistable pressures striking strike strategy committee east bay declared unfair unions continue strike view return san francisco organizations fourth general strike committee voted end general strike
tuesday morning october shortly clock president kennedy called asked white house facing trouble shortly afterward office told finished photographic mission intelligence community convinced russia placing missiles atomic weapons cuba beginning cuban missile crisis confrontation giant atomic nations brought abyss nuclear destruction end mankind moment president kennedy office sunday morning october americans russians morning cabinet room formal presentation central intelligence agency number high officials government photographs shown experts arrived charts pointers told looked carefully missile base constructed field san cristobal cuba word examined pictures carefully saw appeared clearing field farm basement house relieved hear later reaction virtually meeting including president kennedy days later place site remarked looked football field dominant feeling meeting stunned surprise expected anticipated russians deploy surface surface ballistic missiles cuba
members joint chiefs staff unanimous calling military action forcefully presented view blockade effective general curtis lemay air force chief staff argued strongly president military attack essential president questioned response russians general lemay assured reaction president kennedy skeptical let things statements permit missiles kill lot russians don action cuba certainly berlin president say recognized validity arguments joint chiefs danger missiles cuba likelihood russians move berlin areas feeling completely impotent late cuba missiles operational general david shoup commandant marine corps summed feelings pretty bad fix president president answered quickly laughed final decision meeting adjourned later secretary mcnamara told president disagreed joint chiefs favored blockade attack informed planes ammunition deployed ready move air bombardments tuesday october decision
monday afternoon speech lunch jackie president held meetings formally constituted committee called group war council national security council action memorandum number executive committee national security council purpose effective conduct operations executive branch current crisis president official chairman notice meet morning shortly president met members cabinet informed crisis broadcast met leaders congress difficult meeting attend seeing afterward tremendous strain congressional leaders sharp criticism felt president forceful action military attack invasion blockade weak response senator richard russell georgia live say strongest terms important act greater strength president contemplating senator william fulbright arkansas strongly advised military action weak step blockade skeptical remain publicly silent dangerous hour country president listening frequently emotional criticism explained steps protect security united states feel greater military action warranted initially
purpose interfere ships bound cuba contained weapons explained carried missiles shipments weapons cuba acknowledged presence missiles cuba reference landing bay pigs fact president kennedy told vienna mistake valued frankness wrote khrushchev similar courage acknowledged mistakes committed history acknowledge sharply condemned president kennedy told vienna quick acknowledge condemn mistakes stalin acknowledged mistakes reason weapons cuba interested overthrowing cuban government actively attempted overthrow communist government soviet union revolution khrushchev soviet wished help cuba protect assurances president united states participate attack cuba blockade lifted question removal destruction missile sites cuba entirely question armaments bring disasters accumulates damages economy puts destroy sides madman believe armaments principal means society enforced loss human energy destruction
midst deliberations message change course events alter history major rudolf anderson jr south carolina air force pilots carried original reconnaissance uncovered presence missiles cuba flown photo reconnaissance missions flying saturday morning october meeting interrupted report plane hit sam missile crashed cuba killed sympathy major anderson family knowledge military action protect pilots realization soviet union cuba apparently preparing battle feeling noose tightening americans mankind bridges escape crumbling send pilots area tomorrow sam sites president asked entirely ball game unanimous agreement attack early morning bombers fighters destroy sam sites president pulled step concerns sides escalating fourth step don sixth remind embarking hazardous course asked absolute verification shot crash accidentally careful review decide finally implications courses action
cuban missile crisis president received information significant departments considerable lengths ensure insulated individuals points view rank position wanted advice cabinet officers wanted opinion connected situation wanted hear secretary rusk wished hear tommy thompson ambassador soviet union advice russians predictions accurate advice recommendations surpassed ed martin assistant secretary latin america organized effort secure backing latin american countries george ball secretary advice judgment invaluable wanted hear secretary mcnamara wanted hear secretary gilpatric ability knowledge judgment sought crisis occasions frequently observed efforts exclude individuals participating meeting president held point view president aware fact enlarge meetings include opinions missile crisis conferences experts representatives points view president kennedy wanted raised questions criticized judgment rely presented intelligent point view regardless rank viewpoint wanted hear presented challenged consequences course action step reaction adversaries actually stand gain
statement main aim lies reaching agreement adopting measures avert contact ships deepening crisis contact spark fire military conflict talks superfluous forces laws begin operate laws war agree step main thing normalize stabilize situation states understand concern security united states president duty president questions uppermost minds duties rest chairman council ministers worried assisting cuba arms designed strengthen defensive potential precisely defensive potential cuba matter weapons compare dimensions date means extermination purpose help cuba challenge humanity motives aimed allowing cuba live peacefully develop desire want relieve country danger understandable cuba wants countries want relieve danger soviet union government assess actions effect mean surrounded soviet union military bases surrounded allies military bases set military bases literally country stationed rocket weapons secret high american officials demonstratively declare
piratic vessel shelled havana say shelling irresponsible cuban emigres question shoot fact cubans territory fugitives country means conduct military operations means put hands weapons shelling havana piracy caribbean cuban territorial waters impossible notice piratic ship considering concentration caribbean american ships seen observed conditions pirate ships freely roam shell cuba piratic attacks peaceful cargo ships known shelled british cargo ship word cuba continuous threat aggressive forces conceal intention invade territory cuban want build interests external interference blamed wanting masters country disposing fruits labor threat invasion cuba schemes creating tension china designed strike cuban sense insecurity intimidate prevent peacefully building president say clearly remain indifferent soviet government decided render assistance cuba means defense aggression means defense purposes supplied defense means describe offensive means supplied prevent attack cuba prevent rash acts
today informed chairman khrushchev il bombers cuba withdrawn thirty days agrees planes observed counted leave goes reducing danger faced hemisphere weeks ago afternoon instructed secretary defense lift naval quarantine view action want opportunity bring american date cuban crisis review progress fulfilling understandings soviet chairman khrushchev set letters october chairman khrushchev recalled agreed remove cuba weapons systems capable offensive halt introduction weapons cuba permit united nations observation supervision insure carrying continuation commitments part agreed adequate arrangements verification established remove naval quarantine give assurances invasion cuba evidence date known offensive missile sites cuba dismantled missiles equipment loaded soviet ships inspection sea departing ships confirmed number missiles reported soviet union brought cuba closely corresponded information removed addition soviet government stated nuclear weapons withdrawn cuba offensive weapons reintroduced important parts understanding october remain carried
assembling american industrial complex railroads played crucial role construction transcontinental line major breakthrough built epic indicative spirit america attacked industrialism surveying parties expected live game country party entering country occupied hostile indians generally furnished military escort ten company competent officer duty escort protect party camp field escort occupied prominent hills commanding territory head sudden attacks indians notwithstanding protection parties attacked chief killed wounded stock run location part union pacific construction corps grading generally hundred miles distance graded thirty days plains rule mountains open grading hundred miles ahead track order complete grading track reach supplies hauled end track wagon transportation enormous ten thousand animals ten thousand laborers bridge gangs worked twenty miles ahead track seldom track waited bridge
reaping generally july hottest dryest part summer pressing demanded early rising meant broiling kitchen stove women stern incessant toil inside dawn till sunset matter thermometer sizzled days mercury mounted ninety shade wide fields yellowing moment thought laying storm sweep flat neglected crinkle task save cradling surpassed severity binding station full grown job boy ambitious try hand fourteen age promoted bundle boy hands bind reaper corner joy confidence serving binder corners grain horses knew job short broad shouldered large strong hands admirably adapted hours easily held rest crew morning wore sun grew hotter enthusiasm waned painful void developed chest breakfast ample mere stomachful food carry growing boy hours desperate toil quarter ten began scan field anxious eye longing harriet promised luncheon basket
suppose look slums careful hall dark stumble children pitching pennies hurt kicks cuffs daily diet hall turns dives utter darkness step flight stairs feel close yes fresh air enters stairs comes hall door forever slamming windows dark bedrooms turn receive stairs sole supply elements god meant free deals niggardly hand woman filling pail hydrant bumped sinks hallway tenants access poisoned alike summer stenches hear pump squeak lullaby tenement house babes summer thousand thirsty throats pant cooling drink block worked vain saloon open door passed hall smell door listen short hacking cough tiny helpless wail mean mean soiled bow white saw door downstairs story tell sadly familiar story end child dying measles half chance lived dark bedroom killed
neglect fine processes law americans outdid european contemporaries fought abandoned gentleman rapier roughneck brass knuckles instance point struggle control albany susquehanna railroad vital link system torn jim fisk patrician morgan morgan held end line hands terminal fisk stronghold controversy resolved side mounting locomotive end track running engines gigantic toys losers give retired ripping tracks tearing trestles melee industrial supremacy quarter asked dynamite employed eliminate sticky competitor standard oil group violent means kidnaping remarkable ingenuity immorality blizzard blew telegraph lines york jay gould ruthless master money markets forced send orders broker messenger enemies saw chance acted kidnaped boy substituted general physiognomy weeks gould dismayed find moves known adversaries advance needless say pirates forced walk plank scarcely expected treat public reverence
ask united states government portentous events afoot hard today realize small government limited functions powers spent roughly half billion dollars eightieth destined spend half century later fact federal government spent considerably money york national debt amounted billion quarter dollars hundredth debt billions makes allowance diminished dollar federal expenses federal debt swollen wars defense expenditures incredibly small figures today standards government department commerce department labor federal trade commission federal reserve system reason simple business supposed affair government interstate commerce commission supposed regulate railroad companies powers commission small uncertain sherman antitrust act whittled supreme court decisions feeble instrument maintenance competition business attorney general brought single suit law white house authority ike hoover chief usher began early nineties executive office staff domiciled white house proper consisted ten doorkeepers messengers
bottom economic scale conditions suggested quotations jonathan norton leonard describes plight pennsylvania miners put company villages blind hopeless strike reporters liberal metropolitan papers found thousands huddled mountainsides crowded families room shacks living dandelions wild weed roots half sick local doctor care evicted strikers hungry dying providential diseases enables welfare authorities claim starved quotation louis armstrong scene chicago late spring vivid gruesome moment dark days forget saw crowd fifty fighting barrel garbage set door restaurant american citizens fighting scraps food animals strange graduate school college high schools larger attendance especially upper grades jobs tempt likewise college graduates afford graduate school continuing studies hopeless hunt jobs idle effects economic dislocation ubiquitous business disturbed churches museums theatres schools colleges charitable organizations clubs lodges sports organizations clear list human enterprises felt effects dwindling gifts declining memberships decreasing box office returns uncollectible bills revenue insufficient pay interest mortgage
fourth place deal gave ahead signal organized labor laws authorize collective bargaining clayton act frequently nullified courts norris laguardia injunction act follwed section national industrial recovery act law set supreme court wagner act authorization organize clear specific rush join unions general sympathy labor deal unleashed kenneth galbraith subsequently called countervailing force american economy force acting opposition business managements generating formidable amount friction served bring redistribution national income downward lower income brackets finally deal tried job managing national economy abandoned automatically operating gold standard introduced approaching managed currency abandoned idea duty government balance budget embraced keynesian idea deficit spending highly optimistic notion deficits bad counterbalanced surpluses dangers inherent dream idea pretty solidly established job authorities washington manipulate spending fiscal controls economy run reasonably keel result interventions reform measures subsidies guarantees public works encouragement labor attempt steer economy certainly socialist order sense government taking management business industry
happened economy economic tailspin income contracted happened income contracted savings squeezed community expected save hard prosperous asked keynes obviously result depression glut savings drying savings flood saving trickle fact american private citizenry put billions income saving fact drawing savings corporations tucked billions top boom paying taxes dividends found losing nearly billions later obviously keynes saving kind luxury withstand hard times practical consequence decline saving portentous individual tragedies accompanied resulted paralyzing situation economy perfect economic balance throes social agony surplus savings pressure interest rates encourage businessmen borrow surplus investment essence depression investment large impetus expansion economy budge inch paradox poverty amidst plenty anomaly idle idle machines sure bottom slump heartless contradiction crying need goods insufficiency production
american economy fattest goose laying golden eggs seen course remarkable creature fed pretty rich food wasteful rapacious consumption proverbial goose allowed survive surely vital issue america difficult understand american economy let important trends noted questions raised regard future facts american economic growing complexity size corporations included rank nations according gnp gross national product total goods services nation produces general motors number henry ford trouble competing kind clout chance neighborhood grocer huge chain stores monopoly implies power sure days morgan carnegie known primarily action businessman remains areas significant action changed competitive system replaced system imperfect competition corporations compete prices brands products alternative materials achieving results big fortunes drastic tax system archaic heads corporate empires longer sense fulfillment personal accumulation prime quality acquisitiveness movers shakers reason
british customs officials spurred unusual activity face pitt demand strict enforcement trade navigation acts order break pernicious practice bringing aid comfort enemy led employ writs assistance purpose laying hands goods landed american ports secured exchange american provisions part french west indies midst hostilities merchants boston showed bitter opposition writs fateful aftermath war empire grew problem control support vast trans appalachian interior acquisitions north america secured france spain proclamation created temporary vast indian reserve laying barrier crest mountains white settlement specific permission crown proclamation represented blunder cynical attempt british ministry embody mercantilistic principles american land policy ran counter charter limits colonies interests general colonials view proclamation fails account fact offspring war trans appalachian aspects inevitable result promises progress hostilities indians assured secure trans appalachian lands reward deserting allies french committed honor course war cabinet council termination finally proclamation
mistake think public opinion united colonies gradually rising british tyranny public opinion wholly united seldom rises pitch passion influenced words propaganda preceding final secession colonists divided periods passage sugar act practical repeal obnoxious legislation groups force circumstances united opposition policy england merchants needed propaganda realize business seriously interfered cared popular catchwords leaders inflame merchants grievances settled desire agitation rocking boat disappeared richer classes point popular anger served samuel adams working realized necessity democratic slogans creation mind political philosophy eagerly lapped populace smarting hard times establishment government free consent imbedded mind average essential part american dream talk england fearful try put precepts practice upper classes colonies began uneasy grievances redressed allow ideas disseminated considering control situation clear losing control
engage war consent united states congress assembled actually invaded enemies received advice resolution formed nation indians invade danger imminent admit delay till united states congress assembled consulted grant commissions ships vessels war declaration war united states congress assembled kingdom war declared regulations established united states congress assembled infested pirates case vessels war fitted occasion danger continue united states congress assembled determine land forces raised common defense officers rank colonel appointed legislature forces raised manner direct charges war expenses incurred common defense general welfare defrayed common treasury supplied states proportion land taxes paying proportion laid levied authority direction legislatures states
period opened history aristocracy america accession jeffersonian republicans power event hailed republicans return principles war independence fought revolution complete exultant cry federalists stood aghast disaster believed befallen country theodore dwight connecticut asserted object democracy destroy trace civilization force mankind savage country governed blockheads knaves cabot massachusetts leader declared democracy meant government worst hamilton rufus king apprehended bloody anarchy consequence leveling tendencies times jeffersonian democracy matter fact doom caste principle american society government contrary perpetuated enlightened offensive form clear political power shifted mercantile aristocracy built english models landed aristocracy planters south supplied atmosphere gentility federal administration washington moved presidency administrations fell matter line succession known virginia dynasty viewpoint subsequent progress democracy jeffersonian aristocracy term employ mass continued largely spectators events philosophical outlook aristocracy sure prided functioning guardian protector masses
traditional presentation early development american foreign policy based assumption nation consistent policy isolation neutrality runs lines george washington saddened disputes americans stimulated wars europe french revolution laid foundations policy isolation farewell address warned americans steer clear permanent alliances policy jefferson madison attempted young nation foreign involvements continued british violations freedom seas impressment american seamen brought war independence war policy isolation extended entire western hemisphere president monroe monroe doctrine warned european nations americas longer open colonization return pledged americans stay european affairs areas interpretation attack historians questions suggest inadequacy traditional view war war declared maritime rights maritime england states oppose war impressments longer common attack american ship chesapeake fired national feelings congressmen south west affected violations press eagerly war war declared england france violated american shipping rights blatantly england half century number historians suggested desire territorial expansion maritime interests major war
west andrew jackson bringing tide revolution fresh winds frontier democracy spokesman common jackson instituted principle rotation office prevent development aristocracy public officers check power money power destroyed national bank tradition western equality individualism jacksonians pressed universal manhood suffrage individual freedom traditional presentation age jackson actually jacksonian democracy term applied complex set events attitudes controversy nature areas traditional interpretation attack modern historians attempt determine answers problem posed chapter title examine number questions jackson believe democracy major source jacksonian democracy western frontier eastern cities bank destroyed behalf debtor farmers workers jacksonian businessmen resented power established money interests wanted larger share wealth principle rotation office merely mask distribution rewards political friends public purse clash opinion confusing remember issues today simple clear cut unanimity opinion large extent view jacksonian democracy influenced set beliefs democracy general approach chapter
william seward senator york later lincoln secretary warned irrepressible conflict slave system south free labor system north authors northern textbooks echoed concept basic civil war southern historians hand tended repeat calhoun contention preceding topic southern states victims increasing unwarranted interference federal government united states government according view reflected sentiments populous north infringing constitutionally guaranteed rights southern states number respected historians civil war economic struggle northern businessmen southern planters conflict culmination political strife economic interests control national government recently small group historians tended reject notion irreconcilable differences north south historians blame irresponsible agitators incompetent politicians whipping emotional atmosphere point war break large part claim war fomented fanatics exaggerated issue slavery historians refer revisionists occupied revising traditional interpretations revisionist studies provoked series attacks war ii rejecting contention civil war result fanaticism revisionists object moral issue slavery factor previous chapters dealing growing sectionalism explored contemporary arguments developing struggle chapter devoted interepretations historians conclusions basis evidence civil war
primary task statesmanship era nevins wrote furnish workable adjustment sections offering strong inducements southern regard labor system static evolutionary equal persuasions northern assume helpful scolding attitude revisionists felt moral urgency deplored fanatics feel brushed feelings artificial product emotion propaganda revisionist stephen douglas thought moral problems solved hand phrase northern southern sentiments randall remarked base thing northern southern fellows denying insight moral dimension slavery crisis words revisionists denied historical understanding intensities caused crisis moral issue slavery gave struggles slavery territories enforcement fugitive slave laws significance issues revisionists shown basic issues points existing constitutional framework moral conflict faced say civil war fought unreal issue slavery territories saying war fought unreal issue invasion poland democracies challenge fascism inside germany opponents slavery challenge slavery inside south extension slavery extension fascism act aggression moral choice inescapable
despite strange doings statehouses southern races lived quietly reconstruction politically disturbed period defiance traditional caste division occasionally expressed official reception act legislature reflected generally common social relations attempt destroy white supremacy social economic sphere sanction interracial marriages political aggressiveness negroes characteristic period extend phases human relations negro officeholders aggressive politically known observe carefully etiquette southern caste system accepted conventions reconstruction scholars carpetbaggers failed measures excessively radical truly radical program called confiscation land freedmen land principal form southern wealth effective weapon slaves battled economic competence social equality dominant radicalism naively assumed salvation obtained ballot spelling book vital respect called radicals lost opportunity attempt genuine radicalism try destroy greatest obstacle negroes salvation southern caste system allowed forget race distinctions existed reinterpretation tax policies radical regimes suggests explanation odious reputations possessed governments course partial answer corruption incompetence illiterate freedmen easily seduced unscrupulous carpetbaggers scalawags malpractices offenses reconstructionists
olden lived semibarbaric king exuberant fancy authority irresistible turned varied fancies facts greatly communing agreed thing moved smoothly nature bland genial hitch blander genial pleased crooked straight crush uneven places borrowed notions public arena exhibitions manly beastly valor minds subjects refined cultured exuberant barbaric fancy asserted vast amphitheater encircling galleries mysterious vault unseen passages agent poetic justice crime punished virtue rewarded decrees impartial incorruptible chance subject accused crime sufficient importance interest king public notice appointed fate accused person decided king arena assembled galleries king surrounded court sat high throne royal side arena gave signal door beneath opened accused subject stepped amphitheater
jess sat kitchen table west window winter grafting tools thin knife paper sweet smell beeswax resin boxes roots scions jess nurseryman spring meant spirits flowering earth week moderate weather gum boots touching earth thawed riches fluid sucked upward burgeonings summer swelled early harvests permains sweet bows spring season jess thought comes rains mud deep swallow horse rider comes cold snow falling fast weaves web comes warm wind blowing thy ears bringing smell flowering southaways ohio maybe kentucky smell melting snow smell kind prickle nose bygone sneeze comes winter put welcome spring thee speaking jess thee understand eliza spring jess discontented human race women looked spring put shade season resourceful meeting changed digging roots sassafras thicket licking sulfur molasses big bowled spoon
don mind staying school says professor herbert whip switch let home early pa whip anyway getting home hours late big whip says professor herbert punish climbing cherry tree boys knew boys paid dollar helped pay tree borrow dollar says punishment wish quicker punishment wouldn mind professor herbert stood looked big wore gray suit clothes suit matched gray hair don father says professor herbert called fashioned makes mind re twenty believes spare rod spoil child able understand cherry tree high school punishment says professor herbert stay hours school today hours school tomorrow allowing twenty cents hour money high school student sweep schoolhouse floor wash blackboards clean windows pay dollar
age mass production painters buy materials ready middle ages renaissance painters prepared pigments workshops colored materials pieces earth ground fine powder mixed water form paste knew bright dull colors drying knew fairly paintings look ten twenty hundred artists days knew materials paintings excellent condition look instance clear beautiful colors fifteenth century manuscript illumination reproduced plate ultramarine blue sea sky semi precious stone called lapis lazuli applying mixture pigment water artist added gummy substance paint adhere firmly manuscript illuminators white egg painters worked canvas wooden panels yolk egg tempera kind paint called dries fast stroke color added instantly blurring mixing period early renaissance precision detail highly admired egg tempera perfect medium panel paintings larger manuscript illuminations precise detail plates surface panel prepared layers fine white plaster called gesso rubbed smooth finish
part unit poetry learned poets elements craft rhythm rhyme imagery figures speech metaphor simile achieve ways variety poetic effects expressed variety subjects part unit understanding poet craft close look known poets understanding writers lives deal aid understanding closer look lives poets background times wrote poems poets carl sandburg known twentieth century american known monumental biography abraham lincoln poetry sandburg turn rudyard kipling englishman lived parts india south africa united states poetry stories spokesman country age turning eighteenth century bobby burns scotland claims national poet verse hundred delighted scots non scots alike edna st vincent millay fourth poet close look encountered part page twentieth century american wrote stories verse plays poetry remembered chiefly intense imaginative lyric poems
joseph rudyard kipling striking exception belief writers poets starve early twenties began publish incredible rate newspapers magazines soon found hugest youngest successes writer lived short stories novels poems enormously popular especially england united states india writers published paperback books kipling born bombay gateway india young boy spoke hindustani english brought indian tales legends told nurse local dialect christian hindu religious services depending servant charge half england education returned india seventeen intelligent inquisitive young observed closely customs plants animals usual unusual india learned furnish characters plots setting stories poems age twenty kipling returned england india suitcase full stories poems launched early success writer success england kipling married american lived vermont traveling widely america giving lectures
fellow worked tumble house river thames pasting oil paper covers boxes blacking fell ill afternoon workmen big named bob fagin lie pile straw corner blacking bottles filled hot water warm lay stop friend fagin looking small boy twelve asked felt able home boy looking big eyed white thin put arm shoulder mind bob think boy don wait home fit charley comin deed bob feelin spry cricket fellow threw shoulders headed stairs fagin insisted keeping company shabbily dressed undersized youth big strapping murky london twilight took blackfriars bridge spendin money pastry shops charley matter boy shook head bob trying save week money put bureau drawer wrapped paper packages week
plan clear concise reasonable think traveled parts america live york dip chicago san francisco york america paris france london england discovered country american writer writing america working memory memory faulty warpy reservoir heard speech america smelled grass trees sewage seen hills water color quality light knew books newspapers felt country twenty short writing called writer criminal memories distorted twenty intervening traveled bakery wagon double rattler mattress floor stopped stopped gathered listened looked felt process picture country accuracy impaired shortcomings determined look try rediscover monster land writing tell small diagnostic truths foundations larger truth sharp difficulty presented intervening twenty reasonably known
artists paint portraits try simply physical likeness try tell person character type makes person interesting artist representing subjects portraits usual surroundings nineteenth century french painter edgar degas portrayed friends painter named james tissot posing studio plate tissot part room degas figure background paintings tissot small sixteenth century portrait german prince wall left shoulder degas compact picture center composition exaggerate contrast tissot casual pose slimness figure portraits informal sir anthony van seventeenth century picture philip lord wharton plate intended intimate likeness friend stately portrait young nobleman lords ladies period loved play shepherds van shown young english lord holding shepherd staff painted fold wrinkle costume exquisite detail notice main areas light tones patch sky orange drapery highlights sleeve jacket lead directly face
understand environment live environment setting lives surrounded objects nature things help decide lives earliest history adapted natural environment habitat habitat consists things soil land surface topography climate plants animals things reason learn differently warmer climates ways living colder climates build houses wear clothing eat foods soil fertile climate favorable earn living farming places land rocky soil poor living ways knowledge grown larger able environment meet needs earliest dependent environment environment lived trees caves gathered food hunted animals food supply disappeared died moved food plentiful learned farm simple tools build houses longer needed move food began habitat habitat important important part environment part called culture
soviet union largest country covers square miles total land area earth soviet union larger united states canada combined ussr spread continents europe asia stretches arctic ocean north black sea mountains central asia south extends pacific ocean east baltic sea west look russia huge size look facts hour difference york city atlantic coast los pacific russia hour difference leningrad baltic sea vladivostok pacific ocean sun rising leningrad set vladivostok russia large country early history small country eastern europe completely surrounded land owned countries hundreds miles open sea century russia began expand reached present size soviet union located north equator southern point north latitude entire country farther north los important cities farther north york york city latitude north moscow north latitude leningrad north latitude
peter wars cost russia fortune pay government tax imaginable mustaches beards hats books cucumbers salt things important poll tax male souls meant pay government tax alive privileged rich classes pay poll tax poor peasants left pay costs peter methods bringing reform extremely cruel tsar hesitate force change russia suffered poor beggars criminals rounded factories remain permanently working gigantic public projects construction baltic fleet capital st petersburg thousands died cold hunger disease russian soldiers poorly dressed poorly armed battle supplies pay died thousands opposed peter tortured executed catherine ruled russia remarkable woman ways peter aims bring european culture russia russia powerful catherine showed ability running russian government enlightened ideas reforming changing russia put practice catherine chief claim fame field foreign policy rule area russia increased square miles
north africa middle east region deserts mountains plateaus desert affects largest desert earth sahara located northern africa covers southern portions morocco algeria libya addition desert lands extend eastward red sea red sea desert arabian peninsula largest true deserts rub al khali known empty quarter true desert vegetation settlements empty quarter crossed region continuation sahara part desert chain extends large parts southwest asia miles atlantic indian ocean middle east driest place earth major economic problem living face summarized word water areas lot rainfall rain concentrated falls short period leaving ground dry rainy period water flows seasonal streams called wadis water runs rapidly carrying topsoil result land left worse condition rained mediterranean coast coasts mountains rain falls heavily rainy season
moslems advanced civilization wrong moslem civilization stopped advancing civilization europe began develop rapidly surpass moslems number reasons help explain decline middle century evident real unity moslem lands countries recognized caliph baghdad ruler local leaders pretty wished religious groups arose claiming true followers islam groups plotted fought arabs persians turks rivaled important positions leadership face common enemy moslem lands put resistance christians europe tried reconquer holy land moslems coastal cities palestine parts syria turkey captured christians period moslem rulers alliances europeans moslems finally famous ruler egypt salah al din saladin able unite territory defeat christians driven jerusalem warfare considerable destruction middle east general christians europe grew stronger began expand expense islam areas spain part moslem gradually europeans
thirty creation israel palestinian arabs war israel conflict arab governments palestinians feel arab governments let palestinians demanding arab countries join forces military showdown israel arab governments willing risk defeat war israel present arab countries willing reach settlement israel palestinians reject idea palestinians arab countries base attacks israel bases jordan arab country longest border israel periodically attacked israel king hussein jordan decided crack guerrillas result bitter war jordanian army palestinian guerrillas guerrillas expelled bases jordan palestinian guerrillas decided lebanon base refugee camps located border israel heavily armed attacks israel frequently launched attacks resulted israeli reprisals israeli army bombed border areas lebanon causing substantial destruction guerrillas headache government lebanon jordan earlier violent fighting broke palestinian guerrillas lebanese army hundred killed
african proverb says woman kin dead important family african family important societies family satisfies basic human needs need companionship food reproduction teaching training young africans closely tied families americans western countries number ways african family american families america young couple marries move home africa wife goes live husband family country young choose husband wife wish marry africa marriage arranged parents means parents actually pick mate son daughter marry young meets girl likes reports fact father approval father members family arrange visit girl parents approval discuss marriage part discussion involves payment known bride price bridewealth young kind payment girl father allowed marry payment form cattle sheep type currency
beginning history slavery form existed parts slavery existed africa hundreds arrival europeans enemies captured battle criminals debtors forced slavery type slavery existed small scale necessarily hereditary type slavery developed later africans regard slavery total ownership human slave trade existed arrival europeans africans carried captured arabs sold markets east india indonesia egypt turkey persia portuguese ship returned lisbon bringing things women children africa african slaves sold europe need slaves europe slave trade important europeans beginning european planters west indies discovered fortunes growing sugar labor african slaves trade human beings assumed massive proportions mid slave trade grown tremendously european demand sugar tobacco grew need slaves grew profits slave trade europeans enormous
africa continent foreign powers competed gain influence country making greatest effort expand influence africa soviet union effort soviet union assisted cuba lesser degree communist countries mainly eastern europe special units africa serve soviet foreign policy interests countries east germany czechoslovakia hungary poland bulgaria cuban troops africa angola ethiopia scattered places mozambique congo equatorial guinea guinea bissau libya tanzania past africa top priority soviet foreign policy plans soviet union increasingly interested africa reasons interest africa excellent location soviet air naval bases bases help soviet union extend control indian atlantic oceans soviet union china engaged worldwide competition win underdeveloped countries form communism soviet union african nations follow direction moscow peking africa wealth natural resources important western europe lacks resources situation makes africa valuable soviet union soviet union history colonialism africa western nations position support african liberation movements angola
china today soviet union real power lies hands communist party government china communists control power older generation recent death mao tung top small group set communist party led revolution seventy age run government ministries party hold key posts army police fifties unrest difficulties late younger members party put positions importance influence ideas likely lead policy methods future death important china mao tung chairman ccp policies decided mao associates decision reached expected obey carry decision criticism debate government china considered democratic western standards china russia political party communist party party controls government important party government members party special privileges influence party manual says member willing sacrifice slightest hesitation feeling happiness party tells
coal china abundant natural resource coal fields found manchuria china large deposits iron ore manchuria wuhan cities hankow hanyang wuchang central china sinkiang iron coal deposits chinese able develop growing steel industry leading steel producer manchurian city anshan turns half nation steel anshan mills built japanese enlarged modernized russian help important steel centers mukden manchuria wuhan yangtze river china supplies tungsten antimony tin tungsten making steel filaments light bulbs tin making steel food containers antimony printing sufficient copper meet china needs chinese large textile industry cotton silk flax jute produced china supply industry raw materials china raw materials industry nation asia chinese capital develop potential water power rivers china large deposits oil sinkiang difficult bring oil lack railroads roads knows oil china reliable proven statistics lowest estimate guess limited facts chinese oil reserves oil ground billion barrels
russia communists power china communists took soviet leaders felt experienced communists follow chinese didn felt experience russians countries leaders communism nation trying win communists countries side fifty soviet leaders worked hard build modern industries cities highways railroads soviet union achieved citizens settle enjoy comforts china hand developing means industries built low standard living makes countries look things differently communists believed lasting peace countries communist form government capitalist nations try attack communists duty communists wage war capitalists bring downfall existence atomic weapons wars destroy russians willing risk worked fifty destroyed russians believe peaceful coexistence living peacefully countries
japan rugged mountainous group islands islands rocked earthquakes mountains rise floor ocean miles deep feet height miles places mt fuji fujiyama reaches feet sky distance coast coast hundred miles islands islands shape ensured communication transportation overland problem land surface mountainous nearly mountains feet altitude remaining arable farming land divided main areas areas fertile land lie eastern coast island honshu largest kanto plain nobi kinai plains struggle control lands key japanese history think japan existence plains attracted japanese today cities tokyo nagoya osaka center areas kinai plain position center honshu tended hub center japan modern times capital japan found kinai nara kyoto japanese kinai area known home provinces japan rivers hundreds streams race highlands sea
japanese art skills influenced contact china korea developed refined strictly japanese tea ceremony chanoyu features serving matcha powdered green tea prepared art lovers simple bare room close beauties nature tea prepared slow graceful motions drunk slowly bowl bowl articles admired discussed ceremony designed person nature beauty simplicity economy movement art means offering refreshment detail participation governed tradition ceremony spiritual experience mental exercise ikebana art flower arrangement art chanoyu tea ceremony zen buddhism played important role ikebana line color rhythm create floral designs branches stems flowers materials ikebana tries show slow passage shown materials types arrangement blossoms full bloom dried leaves show past present shown half open blossoms perfect leaves buds show future curves suggest spring full spread blossoms leaves show summer thin square grouping autumn dark quiet arrangement winter stem lines symbolize heaven tallest stem stem earth shortest stem
occupation japan japanese involved problems daily survival japan foreign affairs responsibility occupation government occupation japan start international community japan joined united nations japanese re established diplomatic relations governments fearing threat chinese communism japan remained dependent united states military strength security united states japan mutual security pact signed gave united states major responsibility defending japan aggression beginning japanese opposed pact effect sore spot united states japan continued occupation okinawa bonin islands americans japanese felt islands part japan saw reason deprived lands acquired imperialist expansion united states returned bonins june promised return okinawa quickly japan promise part japanese pro american policy holding independence action american efforts improve relations republic china caused uneasiness japan japanese fear friendly american policy china expense japan
british colonies successful answer poor chance living british america home colonies nations english king english parliament law making body strict french spanish governing colonies king gave permission business companies settle govern colonial territories company attracted settlers providing transportation america land food agricultural tools repayment company gained exclusive trading rights settlers poor colonies free charge indentured servants woman agreement indenture captain ship exchange free passage america captain sell services indentured servant period indentured servant worked farmer merchant pay end settler free start farm business land easy acquire rich poor instance order draw settlers colony virginia gave acres person stayed head family receive additional acres family member family owner acres cost
quarrels started british laws french indian war left british government huge debt million pounds british pound worth valuable english groaned large taxes pay reduce debt members parliament felt fair americans help pay debt didn war benefit colonists removing danger french indian allies shouldn colonists pay continuing protection british army navy parliament passed number tax laws raise money parliament passed stamp act law required colonists place stamp costing halfpenny pound kinds printed matter newspapers advertisements legal papers playing cards news stamp act reached colonies americans furious colonial leaders famous history vigorously denounced act patrick henry virginia john adams samuel adams massachusetts benjamin franklin pennsylvania colonists paying import duties taxes goods brought country rebelling angry stamp act reason parliament internal tax colonies internal tax tax goods inside country
struggle patriots fighting george washington continental congress acted wisely appointed dignified foot virginian command continental army washington raised prosperous tobacco plantation grew built young excellent horseman hunter marksman age learned profession surveying washington person conscious proper conduct richest landowners colonies managed beautiful mount vernon estate loving care took personal interest reasons congress selected washington head american army represented virginia continental congresses delegates military experience served lieutenant colonel french indian war commander chief virginia militia washington imposing person respected country needed strong commanding general give matter bad conditions early war washington main job build train continental army defeat battle island found extremely difficult retreating remnants army avoid captured superior british forces snapping heels
mexico neighboring country south decided allow americans settle inside borders northern mexico called texas thinly populated mexican government wanted build country mexican officials encouraged american settlement agreement young missouri stephen austin return promise settle families texas received large grant land mexican government american colonists slaves texas settled mexican owned california mexican officials changed minds american immigration mexican authorities alarmed texans american colonists called independent norteamericanos north americans ungrateful lot american ways mexicans texans hand objected dictatorial manner mexican government treated fighting broke texans mexican soldiers stephen austin arrested thrown jail mexican dictator general santa anna led army northward teach texans lesson texans reacted declaring independent mexico chose sam houston command small army rebels organized government united states adopted red white blue flag large white star santa anna marched san antonio
capital united states city washington lying federal district columbia square mile piece territory belong beautiful city hundreds pleasant parks stately monuments heroes handsome buildings architecture government offices greek roman style white marble columns important decisions governing million americans washington rising washington skyline majestic dignity stands gigantic capitol building perched top central dome bronze statue lady named freedom inside walls covered colorful paintings tell history united states hallways crammed statues portraits famous americans photographed building capitol popular tourist attractions nation congress sits argue laws land let happens belongs small club personally attends meetings votes matters directly call direct democracy vote matters practice huge national government united states impossible bring millions argue bill voters elect officials represent speak congress government called representative democracy
president head executive branch government chief executive government employees help president commander chief armed forces call troops enforce federal law send country protect american citizens chief executive constitution says care laws faithfully executed elementary secondary education act passed president law carried course personally departments job education law turned department health education welfare later divided separate departments department began receive applications federal funds officials examined application carefully school district entitled government help stated law districts met requirements received federal grant gift money president empowered appoint thousands officials appointments include ambassadors represent united states countries heads departments high ranking military officers appoints federal judges including supreme court congress say matter officials consent senate office congress president power making laws
founding fathers wrote united states constitution political parties agreed george washington political parties harm washington cautioned rival organizations dividing country put loyalty party loyalty country divide country hostile groups washington convinced single word constitution political parties important part lives americans found govern nation explain political party organized group tries candidates elected office control government acting election political party support candidate office members political party elected government major political parties united states organizations national headquarters washington branches part country lasted thing political organizations help voters minds presidential election political parties political parties help narrow choice candidates voters enter voting booth faced names president
path presidency goes national nominating convention meeting party delegates states states delegates chosen committee convention states delegates elected presidential primary election registered voters party delegates meet national convention things choose presidential vice presidential candidates approve party platform statement party policies let republican party richard nixon set capture republican presidential nomination gathered group loyal supporters early nixon squads workers traveled country talking powerful republicans governors senators party chairmen persuaded support nixon forthcoming republican national convention leaders turn influenced convention delegates states vote nixon nixon ballot states presidential primary elections held vice president primaries picked delegate strength nixon hard stop news commentators began say convention grew nixon supporters claimed close majority delegates needed delegates august republican party held national convention mammoth convention hall city miami florida
history large numbers migrated place millions left homes settle foreign land tore family friends left familiar things enter strange person thing turn birthplace unfamiliar words help understand dissatisfaction attraction personality person happy prosperous hometown reason move dissatisfied pack dissatisfied reasons job opportunities chance ahead food tired poor living crowded unhealthful slums leave escape persecution neighbors government religion think move beaten finally dissatisfied undemocratic government homeland dissatisfied person wants place improvement present home point going community exactly worse attracted places chance living search place beliefs tolerated free
matters stood late south angry slaveholders furious northern abolitionists wanted valuable slave property enraged unlawful behavior whites helped fugitive slaves escape hated abolitionists stirred slaves revolt northerners felt slavery south business southerners decide slaves matter fact northerners busy taking care affairs paid attention south things northerners want want slavery spread western states want south secede union small group abolitionists campaigned free slaves civil war fighting country broke worst war american history let happened branches congress northern hands southerners began rely president protection sympathetic president persuaded veto congressional bills harmful south president regarded hostile slave states antislavery party republican party elected candidate president united states abraham lincoln abraham lincoln born log cabin
booker washington born virginia slave rose important black leader slavery abolished hampton institute college blacks virginia supported working janitor washington taught school alabama asked start college blacks president tuskegee institute washington built college buildings plantation buildings students buildings erected students educator preached blacks improve lot educating depending efforts believed skilled farmers learn trade ahead washington impression hard clean manners ideas carried tuskegee school famous washington outstanding orator spoke nation thought wisest country president united states theodore roosevelt asked washington advice black affairs washington autobiography slavery popular book period later black groups criticized washington attacked urging blacks fight rights washington thought blacks raise economic means helping
reason george washington carver school wanted education learned read write college studied scientific agriculture training helped research position earn salary tuskegee institute tuskegee developed agricultural products famous happened carver school remained poor farmhand missouri american history school important social institution shown carver means help raise station american history full stories poor found fame fortune education president thomas jefferson pointed reason schools order democracy educated deal difficult problems country elect officials wisely let educational system united states past early schools schools today colonial times england settlers religious children elementary school learn read read bible curriculum studied consisted readin ritin rithmetic strong dose religion added children school
drove car black saw window claremont suburban development corporation homes bedrooms baths schools inspection model house invited stopped car alongside curb family buick look attractive model house recently planted lawn asked wife bright eyes nodded yes walk house entered beautiful inside especially electric kitchen kind house wanted yes sir smiled white real estate agent getting desk frowned black family opened door tried act courteous cheerful manner husband re looking nice house claremont salesman politely glad homes cost don mean expensive sure afford black smiled yes afford problem real estate hesitated moment sorry business wish houses sell sign kind story giving salesman glared story mister houses sold
america social political democracy largely entirely true past present americans special difficulties moving upward discrimination treated differently favored rejected depending race religion sex national origin favored receive benefits society discriminated denied benefits american history groups discriminated catholics jews blacks puerto ricans orientals mexican americans indians women called minority groups group women fewer number largest single group population let discuss discrimination secret organization called american protective association popular united states claimed million members apa spread hatred catholics member person oath solemnly promise swear allow member roman catholic church member order knowing influence promote interest protestants employ roman catholic capacity procure services protestant human inhumane oath
crowded bus montgomery alabama stopped white passengers driver told blacks sitting front bus move rear law required ride mrs rosa parks refused leave seat later plain tired feet hurt driver summoned police arrested act aroused black community montgomery decided boycott bus company negroes personal commercial vehicles provide transportation walked refused ride buses sit chose took case court force bus company stop discrimination bus boycott lasted days historic turning point civil rights movement south showed southern blacks fight rights thrust dr martin luther king jr national spotlight black leader king born january holiday communities son atlanta georgia preacher remembered child father took store buy pair shoes white clerk approached move glad help wait father shot won buy shoes
iron ore reddish earth found parts united states place mesabi range minnesota huge open pit iron mines iron ore highly prized discovered red earth melted extreme heat part iron steel transformed objects automobiles bridges iron ore natural resource found nature natural resources nonrenewable means supplies formed iron ore dug earth replaced present mineral resources iron coal oil gold copper nonrenewable natural resources renewable continue grow water rain supplies chop tree plant place curious thing natural resources natural resource group group indians lived minnesota find red dirt hand white discovered mesabi range eagerly scooped precious iron ore shipped steel mills iron ore natural resource white indian
stop waste theodore roosevelt president united states tried answer question teddy roosevelt active fields rancher north dakota explorer africa writer books history nature leader famed rough riders cavalry regiment spanish american war interests teddy roosevelt leading conservationist conservationist person wishes protect natural resources believes resources wasted roosevelt interest conservation grew love outdoor liked hiking camping horseback riding exploring born york city suffered ill health youth deliberately set build weak body exercise boxing vigorous outdoor activity turn led naturalist student plants wildlife naturalists conservationists roosevelt president growing alarm terrible waste resources gave speeches crying save woods boost roosevelt message congress declared forest water problems vital internal problems united states president united states told nation save natural resources recommendation congress passed law irrigation dry land
cheapest transport goods today water slowest speed important heavy bulky goods bricks sand ship businessmen water transportation costs united states waterways navigable deep ships section history water transportation country united states possesses excellent system waterways person travel distance interior country lakes rivers canals northern border country find lakes superior michigan huron erie ontario largest inland waterways ship atlantic ocean miles inland st lawrence river connecting canals lakes minnesota river system spreads middle america gigantic tree mississippi missouri river system branches river system miles navigable waters early settlers depended greatly rivers lakes transportation roads times today means transportation america water highways ship goods early western farmers wanted inexpensive easy means ship farm products east
farming important occupation early days country land thing attraction free cheap land brought hundreds thousands european settlers american shores poor worked europe tenant farmers rich landlords saw america opportunity prosperous farmers colonial period percent living agriculture farmer grew crops raised livestock feed clothe family mixed farming farm produced wheat corn oats squash fruit flax berries raised farm animals farmer specialize crop farmer family ate farm later thing happened western part country immigrants easterners poured appalachian mountains mississippi river settle fertile lands pioneers laid mixed farms turned woodlots cabins barns sweated fields sunup sundown saw money hard independent satisfying farmer firmly established longer content raise supplies family wanted cash crop wanted crop sell money farmer develop cash crop family live low economic level
mean say swenson ask buy chickens store raising farm sure swenson says buy cheaper supermarket age specialization grow wheat let raise chickens wouldn pay spend money raising chickens table swenson farming today tricky business farmer careful manages broke businessman expert farmer business means specialization farmers specialize crops grow cash crop suited soil climate swenson grows wheat flat fertile kansas place raise wheat grows wheat swenson buys kind agricultural equipment combine producing large quantities crop machinery specialized reason sticks wheat expensive buy types equipment needed grow lettuce raise chickens small scale small amounts farmer swenson buys chickens store lets specializes chickens raise thing says bill swenson school learn farmer spent kansas university
farmers began political action campaigned federal government increase amount money circulation hoped higher prices crops money pay debts important drive money free silver movement farmers silver plentiful gold coined freely money money circulated farmers able pay debts easily united states treasury department silver coins limited amount farmers wanted unlimited free coinage silver party called populist party organized fight free silver populists important elected senators representatives congress governors presidential election democratic party decided run support goals populists nominating convention met chicago drew party platform democrats won election pass laws free silver thirty william jennings bryan nominated democratic candidate president bryan served nebraska house representatives terms powerful voice organlike tones
workers improved conditions carrying saying unity strength individual workingman factory manager beg wage increase manager refuses worker accept manager decision quit manager care worker quits worker thousand manager quickly hire person dissatisfied worker place suppose workers join ask raise manager think refusing workers walk factory shut profits workers unite power want management reason workers join labor unions labor union organizaton workers belong conditions called union organizers tried workers join unions worker fair deal big business organize big unions naturally popular bosses handled roughly factory guards union movement grew today labor unions important part american early craftsmen formed local unions included unions shoemakers tailors bricklayers carpenters number craft unions skilled workers joined create larger national trades union later national unions founded
federal governments passed labor laws laws meant strengthen unions meant control unions naturally unions try laws passed favor oppose laws harmful unions trying favorable laws unions formed political party prefer favorable legislation democratic republican parties occasionally support party union leaders clear labor wants wait parties announce platforms union leaders issue statement telling party prefer labor unions supported democrats republicans course workers follow leaders advice voted party lives refuse change labor vote solid vote let look important labor laws passed federal government congress decided industry labor government agency department commerce labor established later agency separated distinct departments department labor assists workers ways administers labor laws improve working conditions increase employment opportunities conducts retraining courses lost jobs growing automation department collects labor statistics publishes statistics quoted book department labor
words stand ways carrying economic communism communism goods produced income distributed according government plans government owns controls factories farms makes important economic decisions general buy sell profit communism factory managers workers paid government carry government orders called command economy ordered government russia china communist countries capitalism communism capitalist economy private individuals government factories businesses farms capitalism known private enterprise private owners capitalists run enterprises profit want government interfere profit making capitalists want free seek fortunes countries today form private enterprise system united states countries past hundred argued economic system capitalism communism asked capitalism benefit karl marx famous german communist wrote middle factory owners grow richer richer expense workers finally conditions bad workers revolt drive capitalists yes john maynard keynes british economist wrote early
receiving report ambassador secretary decides send memo president thinks president informed arrest turn major incident president special assistant answer memo suggest department prison actually president chief responsibility conducting foreign relations determining foreign policy power draw treaties governments names ambassadors foreign countries commander chief armed forces send troops countries feels threaten united states president pays attention important matters expects department carry foreign relations days american newspapers pick story spread headlines nation american youth secretly held congressmen strong speeches denouncing foreign government hot headed legislator urges president force offending country congress say foreign relations treaties president draws nations approved thirds vote senate senate important foreign relations committee keeps legislators informed happening congress decides money president spend conducting foreign relations constitution says congress declare war
monroe doctrine spain portugal won lost colonies real test monroe doctrine france invaded mexico seized control country ruler prince austria maximilian emperor mexico protected french army happening united states fully engaged fighting civil war war end american government cast stern eye mexico want nonsense french warned european nation allowed mexico set monarchy war threatened french mexico match powerful american army troops texas end civil war enforce monroe doctrine fight french troops french army sailed home emperor maximilian captured mexican patriots shot firing squad monroe doctrine created curious problem european countries stay western hemisphere suppose latin american country treated european country unfairly hide monroe doctrine bad boy hiding mother skirts say don dare touch united states punish unjust problem arose dominican republic small country west indies trouble
freedom seas standing principle international law united states stoutly defended laws war neutral nation trade warring nations trades sides conflict napoleonic wars enjoyment freedom seas wartime difficult britain allow united states ship war supplies germany germans permit shipments britain sides repeatedly interfered american ships important differences opposing sides american businessmen making huge profits greatly increased trade britain german trade british seized sank american ships bound germany paid prices captured goods britain france democracies addition germans started murderous submarine warfare early submarine fragile underwater ship easily sunk light artillery gun relied surprise hit run attacks early war giving warning german submarine torpedoed lusitania large unarmed british passenger liner women children died including americans deeds shocked nation repeatedly president wilson strong letters protest germans submarine warfare gradually majority american hate german kaiser emperor autocratic government kaiser cartooned ugly bloodthirsty beast berlin
believe government defects present united nations let imaginary case explain country alpha invades smaller neighbor country beta alphans defeat betans demand betans un security council called emergency session charges aggression alphans betans demand alphans withdraw troops beta pay damages alphans strong ally security council permanent members rest security council votes condemn alpha friendly nation vetoes resolution security council takes official action words security council supposed peace takes action veto holds things let suppose resolution adopted security council vetoed alpha ordered withdraw beta proud angry alphan government pays attention un order continues pleases words going stop alphans big problem un nations obey decisions united nations order goes interests country government obey refuses give sovereignty government
horse wouldn let chewing rope snarling teeth gilly laughed horse didn quit finally tired watching getting rope tell tony dog going nuts tony nailing horse stall truck horse dumb dog gilly sure stupid dog talk kid tony talked didn gilly younger creek cool forgot horse figured quit anyway didn expect unusual happen summer grabbing saints days pretty exciting practically father home funny story story happened didn hear father telling mother say order change subject story supposed hear learn anyway mother anyway gilly didn going happen
early days fire warm cook food saw destructive power lightning set forest ablaze afraid coyote underworld brought brand fire tribes forbade appointed warrior magician watch fearless braves tried steal guarded magician fierce daughters nanabozho young strong lack fire heat trouble grandmother growing felt cold severely winter spent huddled fur robe complaining bitterly nanabozho entered wigwam finding sought cheer noko cried forest follow hunting trail wolf blood flow warmly veins nokomis huddled deeper robe turned face talk muttered wearily slow hunting trails bitter wind bites marrow bones thoughtless nanabozho touched pity hand brought piece venison hoping food put spirit raw deer meat frozen hard nokomis difficulty gnawing poor teeth
kaleme kind twentieth son father headman village brothers married nice wives thought comfort pleasure hungry remained hungry lame received helping hand blind led kaleme father brothers despised grumbled kaleme bear pass person animal distress girls village married leper kaleme took leper woman wife wretched leper woman home cried father brothers business taking home answered kaleme dog stolen piece meat killed kaleme redeemed piece cloth took home home thieving cur cried father brothers taking houses mine soon hawk stolen chicken caught trap villagers kill kaleme took pity redeemed fowl fancy redeeming useless hawk fine plump fowl cried father brothers silly fellow business mine answered rat nibbled cloth tortured death
pygmalion sculptor worker marble bronze ivory young handsome girls past workshop look admire hoped notice pygmalion devoted art noisy trivial ugly image beauty mind worked statues morning night search loveliness powers expression truth statues pygmalion beautiful human beings statue nearly perfect pygmalion felt lacking stand entranced cared look finished immediately absorbed working ivory statue girl expressed exactly longed show lay chisel stare hours statue nearly finished pygmalion think dreams statue girl haunted wake alive idea gave exquisite pleasure dwell dreams passed daydreams days pygmalion progress finished statue sit gazing maiden christened galatea
sitting row jamie looked open window rounded silver water tower poked woods metal tulip tower recently painted appeared shiny spring sunlight tubular steel legs hidden bottom newly greening oaks sycamores poplars bordered rear grounds richmond high school jamie brag spoken evening jawbone house loafing basement playroom look jamie jawbone jawbone dark wiry boy eighteen jutting chin stuck finger jamie picture yearbook names accomplishments teams organizations trophies glee club nick lying sofa legs hanging armrest end blond italian father owned fancy restaurant downtown alf alf heavyset shaggy boy won letter baseball sensitive rest immediately sorry reached chair punch jamie arm jamie dodged smiled smiling cracking rock meant remarks words relationship high school leaving mark ridden daily shared secrets eaten homes considered friend
city sponsored group called youth action held track meet boys high school field brooklyn york thirteen cheryl toussaint watch meet sitting stands friends cheryl found exciting speed sprinting girls yells cheers spectators highly charged atmosphere noise tension fun meet officials arranging order final events open race girls announced meant girl present starting line compete didn belong track team cheryl loved run street school yard local playground wanted enter hesitated girls watching meet looked fast cheryl friends urged give try ahead don chicken teased dare cheryl accepted challenge wearing dress pair sandals suitable clothing race friend wearing sneakers swapped footgear cheryl course fit wasn exactly girl changed track shorts lent jeans cheryl suited cheryl walked starting line waited race begin hundred yard dash cheryl remembered didn
lived village honest peasants close neighbors friends lives call hans hinz likely names hans hinz decided forest fetch wood fires set early empty sack kindling slung shoulder length rope tie wood village met stranger stopped civil greeting friends hans hinz stranger looked sacks ropes carried going forest firewood bound forest purpose showed sack coil rope told talked matter hans hinz cared looks stranger teeth voice deep watched dark piercing stare things simply odd stranger liked kindly fellows blaming color hair replied glad company
chief gate daughter oganda saw ran meet breathlessly asked father news chief village anxiously waiting hear rain held hands daughter say word puzzled father cold attitude oganda ran village warn chief atmosphere village tense confused moved aimlessly fussed yard actually young woman whispered wife discovered end drought chief courage give watched getting thinner thinner pestering cattle lie dying fields reported soon children tell save lives chief chief daily prayed almighty ancestors deliver distress calling family giving news immediately hut sign disturbed replaced shutter sat dimly lit hut contemplate longer question chief hunger stricken weighed heart daughter stake
miguel difference miguel trouble pedro younger brother pedro simple things pedro wants worry wanted find private place rio pueblo river goes farm asked pedro suppose want want ai course looked reaching rock river catch trout slowly feeling quiet places beneath big stones fish comes sliding soft hand catch pedro learning fish looked wishing talk course sure want school school yes want say want shh closed eyes moving hand slowly slowly water holding breath tongue teeth sudden grabbed splashing big commotion water took hand water knew empty
twisting running larry cloud burst cabin number uncommon eagerness sagging wooden door torn screen floating freely corner edges slapped shut noise alerting rats occupying steel garbage bin nearby momentum carried sanitary unit stationed yards cluster bent wooden toolsheds sheds cabins interrupted smooth rows dried prune trees stood pond tanned earth resembling settlement wilderness twelve larry splashed cold water face porcelain basin watched breath sweep nostrils cracked soap stained mirror wrinkled shirt ragged levi permitted cold bite frail body excitement anticipation immune red aloud bobbing head watching reflection eyes blink mysteriously crossing crack auction riding bicycle pushed door open closed hands fists practiced handlebar maneuvers larry stopped began tying frayed laces sneakers jose miranda stepped cabin jose rubbed eyes knuckles sat heavily wooden packing crate served step going today quietly papa says need money things slumped forward dropping arms thighs turned reddened eyes larry
monday morning homeroom teacher mimeographed memo principal office read aloud stuck bulletin board boy allowed wear blue jeans school hours school building unobservance rule meet suspension don think hayden literate unobservance word home fumed allen reason excited concern boys couldn wear allowed wear pleased group rights infringed group rights danger idea girl thought knew suddenly realized protest letters petitions marches sit ins protest hayden directive word word word word letter killeth ah ha boy girl course knew mother wasn going let wear blue jeans school big complaints clothes hates colored stockings textured stockings fake fur vinyl wild colors dots stripes patterns nice soft herringbone muted plaid
moved house guess remember philip older fourteen sad eyed skinny spend wheelchair heard block enlarged heart pretty soon called jumpy heart seen jumping skin shirt open spot chest boom boom sound bigger dime weird watching game jumpy wheeled chair sidewalk sit morning sun wave arm call fellas crowd joshing spinning chair say let jump jumpy grinning shyly opened shirt stared pulsing circle flesh real alive heart jumpy smiled feebly doctor says school summer vacation didn hearts didn look school stop room sat bed reading listening radio leaning looking space wouldn room silent think dead
figurative language imaginative comparisons present concrete pictures senses writers describe things exactly literal gary snyder poem climb page says trembling muscles firm making literal statement says rock seen microscope seeing rock microscope seeing tiniest details rock enlarged looking hills valleys word microscope helps picture poet means figurative language makes idea clear calls minds emotions feelings enables share pictures hard sum ordinary literal words easiest kind figurative language understand simile simile word says outright similes conversation say fog pea soup simile mean fog pea soup pea soup shel silverstein tells paul bunyan fists hard choppin blocks page trouble imagining hardness hands chopping block raymond poem flight roller coaster page says roller coaster rose air movieland magic carpet adding image feelings remember magic carpets seen movies
chinua achebe born considered african novelists write english born ogidi eastern section republic nigeria country british colony educated nigeria graduated university college ibadan studied english literature taught university level held government positions achebe novels deal conflict ways africa books african folktales tribal stories show african past worthy study attention things fall known published geormbeeyi born born gbogame ghana british colony studied achimota college accra cornell university york taught number specializing adult education served government ghana special commissioner labor considered country senior poet early appeared voices ghana published represented volume messages poems ghana marian anderson born born philadelphia pennsylvania daughter poor parents age began singing church choirs superb voice attracted attention money raised education
grace ogot born african short story writer born central nyanza district kenya country british colony graduating high school took nurse training england uganda worked nurse hospital later member student health service university college makerere shifted writing career accepted employment scriptwriter broadcaster british broadcasting company overseas service later worked nairobi public relations officer air india written numerous short stories appeared african anthologies volume short stories land thunder appeared promised land published simon ortiz born born acoma pueblo mexico spent twenty pueblo mother ancestral home teacher journalist public relations director laborer baker helper writes native mexico legends traditions recent works going rain journey george papashvily born helen papashvily born writing george born georgia russian province caucasus mountains served russian army war united states war learn aviation
majorca central largest balearic islands east coast spain mountain range northwest side island protects harsh mediterranean winds giving majorca warm temperate climate round ideal agriculture agriculture daily related mallorquin language latin tongue similar catalan acquired juiciness mallorquin language tales called rondaies rounds told fireplace evenings fields late nineteenth century called en jordi des george corner collected number rondaies lived son town northeastern tip majorca shepherds pigherds young farmhands source tales tales glossadors troubadors spoke rhyme accompanied strumming guitar told stories extraordinary happenings fields towns glossadors challenge village tavern determine tell funnier story spoken tavern decide glossador won winner paid cana strong spirit herbs cane sugar wondering glossadors existed visited farms inland villages died drink waiters hotels coast
snow fell rock lived rich lonely count wanted marry couldn find wife perfections wished found girl beautiful graceful body turned ugly awkward soul found girl noble soul wasn worth winking count give search wife retire monastery heard rumor lluchmayor lived girl prettiest heart noblest face sun warmed moment count heard live coals inside boots rode horse lluchmayor arrived asked saw girl lluchmayor pretty heart noble face yes sixteen livelier centipede prettier moon father keeps locked house leaves sundays holy days goes church escorted servants front maidens count started going church lluchmayor sunday arrive sit doorway stare beautiful girl left
pedro told calm dogs took going pay re going pay christmas piece hollow log shouted mother seen dogs pay sausages pay speak slowly mother pedro saw running fast bring money told hurry paid christmas agree didn answer mother control break thunder heard nonsense assure christmas haven paid pork pepper sausages vicar dogs pedro mother saw hopeless thing pedro happy saw vicar dogs road whisper ears looking obligation christmas pay took pork pepper sausages paying christmas vicar dogs didn remember flea bite thing biting pedro church christmas found dogs road ran big stick started beating saying going pay going pay waving stick head
crow flew jordi jordi hope repay kind deed jordi asked met news princess golden hair answer leagues met shepherd brother jordi give news princess golden hair answered shepherd tell jordi palace king wants marry don continue search shepherd armies returned seen want stop breathing jordi stubborn shepherd head rising sun find deep ravine follow ravine till tall cypress trees dare large piles bones front cave cave lives princess golden hair giants guard entrance smell approaching bigger mosquito bones bones tried rescue princess golden hair thank kind shepherd jordi told rescue owe king gladly risk happiness
snow fell rock farmer called tony di lived village sona mosha simple minded dumped soup head wouldn noticed wife took care sunday morning tony wife nearby village left tony di listen remember setting hen nest drink water eat grains stretch legs course course don worry answered simpleton wife hurried remained sitting house dreaming drooling favorite fairy tale love oranges midday started hear rats running stomach shook dream rats cats midday think fry piece pork pepper sausage lit stove put frying pan threw pork pepper sausages let sizzle rats cats sudden wife kill forgot setting hen raced hen house lifted setting hen eggs tossed grains pan setting hen didn peck single grain
snow fell rock lived arta mother father son called augustine augustine father died words dear wife augustine grows let choose career wants wife promised died pain augustine grew older mother put school didn study arrive late school naughty start fights boys tried hit augustine give bloody nose teacher mother behave tried nice didn punished didn augustine devil hair flower headed took seriously harder teacher mother tried behave rebellious augustine fifteen mother took ear son took seriously empty bad behavior don head firewood died father choose career wanted let want priest
week mical visit maria ana happened doctor treating wart maria ana neck mical walked smiling big fat nearly killed wish house poor mical slunk beaten dog tail legs mother home bad bad mical told happened mother heard dry disappear remember mical month mical visit maria ana happened planting rose bush garden mical dry disappear called servants thrown mical home mother asked bad bad mical told happened grow deep roots thousand remember mical mical visit maria ana found garden trying pull rose thorn palm hand grow roots thousand mical smiling
half san street happened pay respects dead dead room lay straight poker exclaimed poor mishap debts hungry children poor wife surely reason cry wail tried console cried let cry let cry skin news death pap torak scattered neighboring farmers naturally including creditors affected death pap torak creditors low spirits pap torak creditor asked shook heads hah try paid give children loaned fifteen lira stone cutter seeds lent farmer creditors console pap torak wife raise voice grab poor creditor sleeve say look pity pay husband debt don bread give children
snow fell rock lived mountain abbey la peaceful easy going abbot tranquil eating sleeping abbot fat white embroidered robe wide tent king city thinner marsh reed thin trouble finding shadow saw abbot plump healthy folds habit king annoyed king asked abbot morning father plump thin clear abbot jolly smiles royal highness headaches problems seriously hand things grain salt laugh teeth problems bite problems gnaw leave headaches flesh tapping plump middle contentedly abbot tipped head politely fat bow king frown father abbot mocking problems don bother give problem laugh gnaw till thinner afternoon king abbot father abbot give days answer questions
houses grove street empty bentons lived home neighbors sad leave traffic bad house riverside hour mrs benton stopped car front house family stood looking home benton smiled think happy moving van drove movers began bring tables beds chests house asking things rooms finished unloading van set beds left job bentons lot getting settled benton dusted ran sweeper mrs benton cleaned kitchen mother mrs lang unpacked sheets blankets jim room fixed bottom bunk bed leave top benton fixed bed kim room mrs lang fixed front bedroom spare room jim kim upstairs grandma kitchen mrs lang called sally seen jim kim re basement mrs benton boxes unpack sure hungry packed lunches night grandma
left homes story problems willie tad lincoln home white house abraham lincoln president united states lincolns going live white house leave washington willie tad lincoln sad exciting father elected president boys want leave home springfield begged dog fido belonged partly willie tad partly friends roll boys part fido asked abe lincoln don part cheer boys pony washington fido left springfield soon lincoln family found president hard days lincoln leave office till late night hard working promise sons pony pony play boys restless lonely friends home mother lonely times wanted springfield lincoln war states began president harder played boys
cold winter passing jane house looked frozen cheeks noses red breath white puffs mrs banks stand jane window looked chilly trees bending wind mrs banks silly let weather inside school families send children send let dressed heavy clothes lane department store read yesterday paper special sale ready mrs banks turned key car car didn start battery dead mrs banks cold weather bus bus ride took cars stalled blocking streets lane jane wanted look windows mother cold sure lane things inside floor mrs banks looked leather gloves special price pair thick knitted linings ten dollars buy mrs banks gave salesclerk credit card jane mrs banks waited clerk wrap gloves clerk package mrs banks jane walked escalator
live grove street shopping big market ling center striped posts front called save store manager save store keeps shelves full canned goods soap scrubbing brushes lots things meats young chickens fresh fish dairy counter milk butter cheese drug department store shoppers push carts past drug counters farr drugstore farr store corner oak street nineteenth street front door newspapers magazines books young part store shelves hair sprays cold cream toothpaste shaving cream cans tubes jars tubes makeup store full things important part store farr works druggist customer comes hands prescription farr reads carefully walks room pulls jar shelf counts number pills puts bottle mix things medicine doctor ordered comes smiling says hope trick farr helper high school girl named jean
debby jenson loved animals grew college veterinarian animal doctor studying hard call dr jenson examine sick animals tell wrong treat operate late afternoon dr jenson feeding sick dog spoon dog eaten spoonful food call doctor end line problem nervous asked dr jenson hard explain maybe lot firehouse answered dr jenson drive look dr jenson lot saw big banner hanging street sandy circus dr jenson smiled circus animal treat running car doctor asked waiting answer led dr jenson lot giraffe stood wrong ginny ear let dr jenson looked puzzled certainly treat ear think need ladder don ladder
saturday morning september ms perez husband vince let lake tomorrow weekend carlos home classes college start wednesday fine perez things ready tonight hitching boat trailer wait morning carlos wants car tonight rosa listening delighted driving lake mead fun took jack dog sat seat jack frisky dog wasn safe front driver mom drove car dad drove depended mood carlos wanted drive parents let wheel sunday morning carlos sleepy drive half awake half asleep sat car rosa want play car game sister liked minute rosa asked parents play game thinking bird night owl asked ms perez rosa turn ms perez put letter front owl hen chicken rooster asked carlos trying wake
night midas sleep afraid dreamed stranger wanted night end golden touch morning midas sat wait stranger word midas began touch happened poor midas thought worst began grow sad ray sunlight shone window midas looked blankets spread bright sparkling gold midas delighted golden touch sunbeam midas ran room touching thing touched turned gold opened curtains turned gold midas dressed clothes put turned gold heavy rough wear didn bother midas golden touch midas ran stairs step turned gold ran rose garden touched roses turned gold midas skipped breakfast table waited marygold crying child matter midas asked word marygold showed father golden rose beautiful exclaimed midas lovely rose cry beautiful marygold sobbed ugly lost sweet smell
quick knocks farmhouse door low growl dog kitchen kerny thought job guard capek family knocking door thirty morning sandy capek asked husband carl capek moved quickly glass saw girl abby age holding small dog girl looked frightened mrs capek husband opened door wrong asked father gasped girl hurt house mrs capek kindly girl guide capek asked girl pointed road capek took keys pocket truck tell dad re driving sue flanigan girl dad taking aunt barbara visit night car broke dad left whiskers help didn night tried faster strumming guitar soon light started look dad whiskers found lying road dad terrible pain thinks leg broken place sue left father found sue father found marks dirt
hey cars count nino heard words didn shouted billy put hands hips looked nino boys playing game looked nino cars billy repeated nino looked ground looked high blue sky looked lines cars street cars purred kittens passed looked alike nino car nino play counting game didn rules cars nino blinked wouldn cry front billy billy laughed ran head line count cars billy laughed boys laughed nino curled fingers pockets helped hold tears didn help count cars asked nino nino carefully joe jeff sing words italy nino italy joe jeff eyes sparkled wow cross ocean joe jeff nino feel fingers began uncurl pockets shyly smiled joe jeff don cars nino finally admitted
dot dan jan mom dot lot suds van mud dot lots suds van rid mud lots hot suds dan ran mom mom mix hot buns jan cook ham pot fix hot ham hot buns fix mix buns mom ham hot jan fix lots buns dad mom dot took nap cot van van hot nap cot jan ran mom mom dan lot hot buns mom lots hot ham hot ham hot buns dot box pam box tops pam looks box sees tops taps top pops taps taps pam hops dot tops tops fun pam dot hugs pam fun dot jim kim ran dan jim box look box jim dan fox dan fox jim cat kim bud fix box bud jim
dad took dan jan tam ben ben hog dog lots hens big pens tam dan ran look hens jan looked big hog ben big pen hog tam pen hen ten hens ben big pen ten hens ben big pigpen fat hog big pig ten pigs pen ten hens hot sun ben hog fun sun big fog hid sun hog fun hens dig bugs pigs dig mud fog fun hens pigs hogs tam sat looked ben pigpen ben fix pen dogs dug pen fix tam fun fix pigpen hot fun ben red hen ben pen pam looked hen red hen pet ben box red hen pam ran red box lid fed hen led box
dan fell hit leg tells jan fell hit leg tell dad bat run tell dad jan let dad look leg bet fix pad cut leg let tell fell jan took dan tell dad fell hit leg dad tell red let look dan sat bed dad looked dan leg leg bad dan tell run bat dad tells dan bat run sam bells nat bud took nat bell jan nat bell tells cat tag bell jan sam took bud bell jim cats bells tags sam tells jim bud tag bell jim rags fit bed jan big bed rags rags job rags bed jan dan fill pan bits ham set bed rags bed ham
mom tells jan dan look big sack sack books book jan mom story fox luck dan book yes mom book big book cats dogs jan dan took books dan sat sun looked book kim ran looks book dan dan jan book mom story fox book story lots dogs cats kim jim bud looks thin sick doctor bell look doctor bell looked bud cat thin catnip jim doctor bell set pill thick bit catnip let bud jim kim took bud set thick mat pill kim yes jim set pill catnip set capnip bud bed bud licked catnip pill bud look thin sick pam dan beg dan dad tell story dad story dog
ben ten hens chicks pen path woods ben fix pen chops wood pen chop chop chop chips wood path wood fix pen ben fix pen check hens chicks pen lets chicks path woods dan jan ben chicks dan bed chick pecked dan chin bed mess ben chop wood check chicks missed look dan jan set chicks pen dan ran tell ben chicks pen fuss mess mom checks mom look fix checkbook mom looks checks checkbook missed check look looks looks sees check book dan jan grandma bus nat grandma grandpa met bus big grandma picked jan dan bag let grandpa
jan dan cooked lunch grandma grandpa jan cut ham inch thick mixed punch fix hot buns pinch pinch dan grandma tell story grandma story red hen woods nut fell hit sky fell yelled tell duck red hen ran tell duck bad duck let tell fat pig hen duck ran tell pig pig bad let tell horse hen duck pig ran tell horse bad horse hen let tell fox duck pecked latch horse pen hen duck pig horse bunch woods look fox sky fell hen fox fox looked sky looked path sky fell fox look nut nut fell red hen sun set hot dan hot legs itch grandma bath hot look tv
idea haunted night returned insistently white negro deep south adjustments experience discrimination based skin color control speculation sparked report lay desk barn served office report mentioned rise suicide tendency southern negroes mean killed reached stage simply longer cared lived died bad despite white southern legislators insisted wonderfully harmonious relationship negroes lingered office parents mansfield texas farm wife children slept home miles sat surrounded smells autumn coming open window unable leave unable sleep negro white hope learn truth lived side side south communication races simply ceased exist knew race southern negro tell white truth ago learned speaks truth unpleasing white white miserable bridge gap negro
dark room streak pale light transom woke times thinking night occurred windows dressed took bags walked steps sun glared brilliantly rampart street traffic rushed past lobby window coming tonight griffin desk asked pleasantly sure leave bags wish thanks need sleep yes fine past eleven thirty damn think sleep looked blurred window waited eyes accustom sunlight wondered shirts handkerchiefs underwear duffel travelers checks cash addition medicines month supply pigmentation capsules stepped street began walk search food noticed street full negroes ambled looking store windows white proprietors cater exclusively negro trade stood doorways solicited step nice special shoes today minute obligation show hats voices wheedled smiled counterfeit ghetto
days incessant walking looking jobs wanted discover sort educated negro nicely dressed find met rebuffs gentleness informed services typist bookkeeper patterns shine stand kind customers cooked food ate sidewalk fed beggar pigeons widow woman dropped days gently let married sterling asked proposing invite house sunday dinner stayed stand negroes treated incredible courtesies strangers night decided negro movie house walked dryades asked young boy tell wait minute show stood corner moment returned began walking student dillard university hoping sociologist walk appeared endless miles asked live direction live saw taking don mind enjoy talk
arrived bus biloxi late find negroes walked inland slept half freezing tin roofed shed open south front morning found breakfast negro cafe coffee toast walked highway begin hitching highway ran miles magnificent beaches seen white sands beautiful ocean opposite beach splendid homes sun warmed took stopping study historic markers route lunch bought pint milk ready wrapped bologna sandwich roadside store carried walk runs shallow sea wall ate local negro stopped talk asked swimming beaches splendid told beaches sand dredged negro sneaked isolated spot water negroes permitted enjoy beaches pointed injustice policy upkeep beaches comes gasoline tax words buy gallon gas pay penny beach whites added local negro citizens considering project account gasoline purchased end demand town fathers refund gasoline tax privilege beaches paid fair part
days mobile spent walking town searching jobs night met host corner opposite bus station house sleep important part daily spent searching basic things whites granted place eat find drink water rest room wash hands walked drugstores negro buy cigarettes soda fountain service asked politely find glass water water yards carefully directed nearest negro cafe asked outright drink asked negro dreads rejection waited offer drink matter nearest negro cafe learned eat deal convenient convenient belly hunger told distinguished negroes careers brought south encounter similar difficulties honors buy cup coffee lowest greasy spoon joint crave service white cafe simply sparsely settled areas negro cafes exist densely settled areas cross town glass water
breakfast coffee slice bread ready leave shook hands door thanked reaching wallet told wanted pay putting refused saying brought gave penny owe change left money gift children husband drove highway morning bright cool car young white boys picked quickly saw generation kinder older drove small town bus station catch bus bought ticket montgomery sit curb negro passengers gathered negros walked streets glances kind communicative shared common secret sat sunlight heaviness inside negro rest room splashed cold water face brushed teeth brought hand mirror inspected negro weeks longer shocked stranger mirror hair grown heavy fuzz face skin continued medication exposure sunlight ground stain negroes call pure brown smooth dark color look millions
thousand letters date abusive favorable letters deep south states whites confirmed contention average southern white properly disposed dares allow neighbor afraid fellow white racist negro justice bok copy controversial speech radcliffe put clearly angry racial segregation live city twenty cent population negro doubt percentage higher spots eleven civil war states angry told understand problem believe takes genius pierce heart situation southern chivalry gave things mulatto cry lack understanding need things excuses hundred served south pious talk communism present conflict integration communists shame sharpening perfecting procedures mixture ignorance conceit leads section country assume human beings earth understand conditions live
experiment led writing black end freedom rides manifestation national concern racial injustice undertaken discover america involved practice racism black americans white americans denied taint racism believed land judged qualities human individual days mention racism brought public mind nazi suppression jewish concentration camps gas chambers certainly protested accept practice racist suppression black americans hope correct experience nazis shown thing racism practiced damages community victim group racists important thing discover black told white hope understand reality wake morning black skin decided try order test thing order test alter pigment shave head change clothing speech patterns credentials answer question truthfully claimed judge quality human individual black john howard griffin greatly changed human individual altered appearance
black thinkers spoke turning ghettos gardens taking schools building nation nation pointed economic weaknesses system businesses black areas owned white big chain grocery stores black shown dollars lost strength spent stores profits white banks discriminate black tv car loans discriminate small business housing loans understanding black chicago began rounds stores saying effect stores expected sell leaf lettuce black stores hire black personnel including black management level bank proceeds ghetto operation black banks discriminate black loans stores comply successful chicago techniques spread country personal levels began understood quickly understood black society salvage black male child concern black girl child pointed black male child black school white textbooks early conclusion heroes history white exception nationally known black civil rights leaders martin luther king roy wilkins james farmer black male child frequently saw adult black male ineffectual defeated
lisa matt kitchen father home lisa slicing tomatoes salad younger brother putting forks spoons dinner table mother roberts asked lisa answered putting photos mail mrs roberts photographer photographer takes pictures book read book write newspapers magazines bought mrs roberts pictures matt roberts ask mother soon important news mrs roberts minutes eyes shining happened ted asked husband yes lee tell children tell matt lisa crowded father dance sit explain roberts laugh roberts took map pocket put table grinned re going move asked matt asked lisa asked mrs roberts roberts answer questions roberts told family soon leave elmville weeks move mexico pointed elmville map vermont pointed mexico looks lisa mrs roberts
meeting basic needs problem earlier pioneers build shelter find water hunt food cars highways supermarkets trailers today things meeting basic needs hard biggest problem mexico mrs roberts getting water water problem asked lisa going live desert mrs roberts roberts porch family talked desert desert dry deserts hot night temperature drops sharply night desert cool desert covered rocks sand dry soil trees plants grow desert plants asked lisa water mother plants basic needs living things need water live grow desert soil earth rich roberts added water desert grow things meet food needs water desert certainly rainfall look rainfall map parts country rain parts lot rain eastern part country elmville lot rain trees plants grow quickly
leaving elmville finally friends gathered station wagon say goodbye robertses drove quiet member family thinking leaving sad thoughts forever soon lisa matt laughing talking looked road map played games sang songs saw farms traveled town late morning crossed connecticut river soon afterward mrs roberts saw roadside stand ahead ted look farmer selling fruits vegetables fun stop buy photograph farm house part england won anymore england asked matt england part country answered roberts today states england maine hampshire vermont massachusetts rhode island connecticut roberts stopped car walked tall white haired farmer stand mornin slowly mrs roberts looked fruits vegetables fresh eggs decided buy box blueberries picture farm picture ahead farmer proud farm family hundred barn built hands
busy getting ready brought ducks geese fish women baked cornbread cooked turnips onions beets cabbage dessert wild plums dried berries hoped fine feast outdoors finally arrived chief massasoit arrived pilgrims wondered feed indians knew hunting deer meat wild turkeys feast thanked god blessings pilgrims indians sat outdoors tables ate ate indians pilgrims ran races wrestled indians won pilgrims showed games taught march parade indians fun playing stool ball stool ball played wooden clubs leather balls celebration lasted days celebrate thanksgiving today remember holiday lasts comes end november thanksgiving important american holiday roberts family left plymouth headed york city want special farm roberts don farms mexico ted asked mrs roberts cranberry farm roberts cranberry farm train ride
look roberts worth extra minute took york city mrs roberts jersey enter york george washington bridge bridge looked view high hudson river distance rose colored towers sun shone thousands windows wow look buildings matt big apartment houses matt mrs roberts apartment house building families live room group rooms apartment family makes home apartment tall apartment houses called high rises asked lisa york city roberts need place live million live york city mrs roberts listen book says live york city mexico states country put wait downtown roberts taller buildings tall scrape sky fact called skyscrapers look distance design sky called skyline york buildings lisa question father
morning roberts family took bus tour bus started midtown manhattan north uptown manhattan big big big word york city lisa don yorkers feel sort lonely big city hard friends mrs roberts york look huge city lot neighborhoods neighborhood community inside city hundred neighborhoods york city big cities neighborhoods tell neighborhood asked lisa eyes open mother neighborhood stores places eat movies schools places pray look signs streets tell neighborhood lisa looked signs soon saw read printed language language speak signs written spanish roberts neighborhood puerto rico puerto rico spanish spoken puerto ricans want language speak write neighborhoods say spanish speaking neighborhood roberts named language share language
roberts family goodbye washington drove south mountains mountain air fresh cool nice change look trees buildings pass talked mountains lisa matt learned country main groups mountains map find look mountain map page mountains west called mountains high look appalachian mountains found mountains lisa matt saw high western mountains robertses night mountains exciting rained hard raindrops sounded drum beating wind howled wild animal lisa matt scared roberts explained sound wind makes strange noises mountains sweeps narrow valleys roars mountain slopes morning storm passed lisa fishing father mountain stream lisa took shoes wading oooh cold squealed mountain streams cold father clear cold cast line water let hope full fish stream run fast asked coming downhill father rains mountains night
dad aunt kate house matt asked re roberts answered roberts family traveling planning visit aunt kate lived atlanta thirsty lisa hungry matt message mrs roberts ted stop gas cold drink roberts stopped gas bought soft drink drove car blocks farther stopped caught traffic jam feel re going sit forever mrs roberts guess read book ago place forest sure read roberts asked read book mrs roberts guide books read sit let ask questions roberts matt lisa re south elmville hotter lisa lots cars york matt lots planes added matt roberts laughed told atlanta hot summer certainly lots cars planes trains book says atlanta southeastern crossroads mrs roberts words atlanta transportation center southeast main highways meet
aunt kate explained martin luther king jr famous american born atlanta boy saw black white children going schools saw black white drinking water fountains saw blacks sit front city buses sit bus grew dr king minister helped change things black dr king told change things peacefully told stop riding buses black refused buses bus company lost money finally law changed blacks sit wanted dr king helped solve problems taught blacks whites fair finally prize prize called nobel peace prize aunt kate mrs roberts remember wonderful martin luther king jr gave famous talk lincoln memorial washington forget aunt kate stood steps dream words dream live love re proud atlanta shared dream country lisa listened remembered lincoln memorial thought liked lisa looked neighborhood
robertses left orleans drove west gulf mexico soon crossed border texas border place stops begins map shown line mrs roberts turned ask children question comes mind hear word texas cowboys matt wide open spaces lisa yes suppose thinks cowboys open spaces belong texas mrs roberts big business big modern cities texas things asked matt certainly roberts soon reason car neared city beaumont suddenly children saw strange sight scattered fields large pumps rocked steady beat roberts help texas rich lisa asked pumps roberts lift crude oil ground roberts land beaumont full crude oil fact oil texas spindletop drilled beaumont started gush flow ago oil called gusher hundreds oil wells drilled texas drill oil build derrick oil stops flowing big pump bring oil crude oil factory called refinery
ranch roberts driving land half hour talking clint baker baker owned lazy ranch owned cattle horses baker talked cattle business explained longhorns raised anymore kinds cattle tender meat cattle don roam open range anymore fences don feed grass ranchers grow special foods feed cattle cowboys ride horses round cattle jeeps helicopters look lost cows don worry kids baker cowboys wear ten gallon hats high heeled boots handle cattle horses think range home sun high sky robertses left lazy ranch drove city el think language lesson roberts el door mexico el speak spanish lee remember words yes think yes si english say thank say gracias adios word goodbye lisa alvarez taught word washington words roberts tell rio grande means spanish
robertses stopped ysleta saw church mud walls beige earth church called mission mrs roberts built indians ago spanish priests showed build lisa matt learned spanish southwest ago spanish soldiers rode horses deep mexico heard tales cities gold wanted find riches later spanish priests southwest wanted indians southwest christians built churches churches soldiers built forts churches forts buildings put communities called missions indians missions learned spanish christians ways el mrs roberts hear lot spanish el robertses told growing fast atlanta transportation center railroads highways meet goods today el nealy robertses surprised find el full factories remember york city asked mrs roberts factories garments jeans slacks children clothes el say business roberts clothing cattle climate cotton copper country copper comes el refineries cotton important crop dam built
looking forward returning vermont mrs roberts hope waterton nice place live want stay beautiful want air clean want feel safe lee roberts want community meet basic needs want live help community asked lisa thinking mrs roberts elmville try elected board runs town elected community leader help decide community help mom lisa talk town ask vote put signs added matt signs say elect lee roberts job matt lisa roberts plans future gee dad matt getting elmville exciting kids meet lots tell haven forgotten page lisa want washington write member congress maybe friends elmville want page plans future mrs roberts remember left elmville thought mexico end trip
map united states shows states capitals line border drawn shows ends country begins countries oceans border country north south east west main cardinal directions north direction north pole face north hand points east left hand points west south direction south pole compass rose shown page show directions maps shows intermediate directions marked halfway cardinal directions intermediate directions compass rose map united states tell direction texas florida country north united states direction travel going maine arizona travel oregon map page shows scale bar scrap paper lay scale bar map mark paper lines scale bar slide paper copy marks need want find distance kilometers copy marks top scale bar find distance miles copy marks bottom scale bar suppose want find distance chicago los hold scale bar places places
kinds land cover earth land surface called landforms pictures show landforms plains flat gently rolling lands plateaus flat lands steep sides higher plains hills lower mountains mountains rise high peaks points mountains part range group map colors show kinds land united states color shows mountains map color shows hills colors tell plains plateaus found tell city plain city mountains city hills city plateau kinds plants need water plants grow kind soil kinds plants grow wild land covered farms cities plants called vegetation shown pictures trees cover land water grassland vegetation grows land dry high grassland land covered grasses rain falls grassland dry land vegetation grows rain plants grow dry land look kinds vegetation shown vegetation map united states shown look states named map
able materials earth crust obtained food earth fuels coal oil natural gas beautiful gems important metals aluminum copper mercury iron earth scientists agree earth large ball molten rock formed outer surface molten rock cooled form earth solid crust lava volcanoes seismic recordings earthquakes nuclear bomb tests give information structure composition earth interior studies tell layers outer crust mantle core crust consists thin layer lightweight rock approximately miles deep surface features found crust include mountains volcanoes plains plateaus river valleys deserts vast oceans outer surface crust consists mainly loose covering soil sand rock fragments covering lies solid rock layer called bedrock bedrock varies thickness parts crust inch thousand feet bedrock frequently found surface earth especially mountain regions section exposed bedrock called outcrop beneath earth crust lies dense iron bearing layer rock called mantle layer miles thick rock mantle hot plastic nature
lithosphere rock sphere thin outer crust solid earth consists variety rocks related derived granite basalt principal rocks crust rocks individually distinct discrete minerals coarse granular textures discrete minerals glassy textured coal composed organic materials derived living things rocks bright shiny luster dull earthy rocks composed minerals composed type mineral gypsum quartz calcite rocks white red green yellow brown black combination colors rocks formed cooling hot molten material formed existing rocks geologists separated classified rocks earth crust broad groups basis formation igneous rocks sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks igneous rocks form cooling hardening magmas magmas hot molten mixtures minerals found earth surface place magma solidifies importance grouping igneous rocks magma cools beneath earth surface type igneous rock called intrusive formed generally occurs magma intrudes forces cracks crust overlying layers rock solidifies cooling process takes place intrusive magmas gradual slow cooling volatile materials magma remain gaseous liquid longer
quarters earth surface covered water earliest depended ocean supply food major highway trade military conquest natural barrier recreation recently scientists discovered vast expanse water holds countless treasures scientific importance careful study earth past history reveals physical place earth formed billion ago past million physical relationships oceans borders continents surround undergone change fact continents shape million seas cover quarters earth surface continuous actually sections body water covering earth surface vessel sail directly sea crossing land largest deepest body water pacific ocean comprises eighths total water area earth vast continents average depth feet sail pacific ocean equator travel miles port port earth largest body water atlantic ocean
measurement based largely rate earth rotates axis revolves sun measured takes earth complete revolution sun poses problem astronomers space scientists measurement accurately period earth revolution sun vary depending starting point point ends tell general mean tropical interval vernal equinoxes vernal equinox occurs march marks beginning spring northern hemisphere tropical length days hours minutes seconds calendar exactly days left extra quarter hours tropical excess lost julius caesar devised calendar known julian calendar caesar ordered extra february added calendar fourth known leap problem created added fourth minutes seconds accurate calendar introduced pope gregory xiii calendar known gregorian calendar caesar principle fourth leap numeral divisible
map representation flat surface part earth impossible true representation distortion direction distance shape earth sphere pulled flat sphere globe show features distortion larger surface area earth try map greater distortion smaller sections surface accurately shown easily flattened single map show true picture features earth schemes provide accurate representation distance direction maps called map projections serve specific purposes standard maps top north bottom south east side maps west left true maps examine map north shown manner important note magnetic compass needle point true geographic north points north magnetic pole earth geographic north pole angular difference magnetic north true north called magnetic variation magnetic declination obviously places earth magnetic variations meridian map represents true north south direction direction agree compass direction
hundreds scientists wondered movements earth crust movements important related earthquakes volcanoes building mountains today answers closer theory called plate tectonics according idea crust earth sections plates plates move rub override result formation mountains volcanic eruptions earthquakes word tectonics comes ancient greek word means build crust earth thin brittle layer rigid rock ranges thickness miles miles places directly crust earth layer called mantle miles thick hot liquid molten rock flows volcanoes thought mantle mantle material heavier crust crust float imagine thin crust ice float water pond beneath mantle continuing center earth layered core core hotter mantle parts remain solid pressure rock geologists think core earth alloy mixture iron nickel
visited north america ago surprised sheets ice snow covering land layers ice called glaciers moved slowly north moved glaciers carved lakes smoothed mountain ranges deposited ground soil rock millions square miles ancient ice sheets melted leaving marks today glaciers changing earth glaciers form large collecting areas centers accumulation called snowfields form valleys tops high rugged mountains snow continues fall collecting areas snow ice accumulates melts pressure snow layers underneath snow crystals form small pellets ice granular ice called neve solid mass ice large amount ice formed glacier grows large slowly starts move glaciers form centers accumulation spread move continents sea called continental glaciers glaciers found antarctic greenland formed glacial period valley glaciers known alpine glaciers form valleys tops high rugged mountains glaciers move mountain passes river valleys widening deepening move downward glaciers found rocky mountains mer de glacier switzerland examples valley glaciers
areas rainfall plants prevent wind carrying soil arid semi arid regions trees plants widely separated areas wind powerful agent erosion streams air carries particles suspension streams winds drop heaviest particles material carried winds comes directly earth surface large amount enters air volcanic explosions smoke soot winds high velocity carrying power greater strong winds transport large quantities sand distances dry sand silt clay lying loosely earth surface easily picked wind carried place place deserts tropics temperate zones lack vegetation hold soil affected action wind grains sand carried winds regions average inch size velocities greater miles hour required winds transport particles sandstorms occur desert regions tell deal wind erosive power winds miles hour carry fine particle silt clay dust storms plains dust bowl areas colorado kansas missouri nebraska oklahoma south dakota texas removed billions tons fine topsoil farm lands located semi arid regions
surrounded oceans ocean water ocean air ocean air surrounds earth greater extent ocean water ocean air called earth atmosphere air invisible mixture gases surrounds moves earth invisible ocean delicately balanced supply oxygen present large degree atmosphere shapes atmospheric conditions area determine area prosper merely exist recently earth atmosphere believed extend miles surface earth studies space probes shown parts atmosphere extend miles space earth atmosphere extends thousands miles space quarters air miles surface earth dense lower blanket air organisms live scientists learned atmosphere international geophysical international quiet sun unit includes information gained studies scientists believe atmosphere earth discover analyzed gases erupting volcano found contained substances found atmosphere suggested gases contained liquid material solidified form earth crust
wind simply stated wind air motion winds special characteristics winds horizontal movements air parallel close earth surface movements air vertical called convection currents winds caused differences atmospheric pressure surface winds move high pressure areas low pressure areas differences pressure result unequal heating earth surface differences moisture content atmosphere heated extent directly sun rays atmosphere close earth obtains heat heated earth surface conduction re radiation re radiation shorter energy waves radiated sun absorbed earth longer heat waves infra red rays radiated earth surface region absorbs sun radiant energy color texture density angle sun rays strike higher temperature region sun rays readily absorbed heated air rises atmospheric pressure region earth surface decreases higher temperature air faster rise lower pressure exerted surface earth gases air dense cools cooler air sinks earth surface increases atmospheric pressure area unequal heating earth surface current warm air rise area current cooler air descends area
chapter national weather service obtains analyzes reports predicts weather information facts learned involve weather air mass large portion troposphere temperature humidity level reasonably uniform winds large masses air named according place origin air masses originate polar regions originate tropics air masses form large bodies water form land characteristics air mass temperature humidity depend region earth originates polar air masses originate cold regions northern canada north atlantic north pacific originate land northern central canada called continental polar air masses letters cp describe air masses polar air masses originate ocean areas north atlantic north pacific called maritime polar air masses designated letters mp air masses originate tropics tropical air masses form land areas texas northern mexico deserts southwestern united states called continental tropical air masses designated letters ct tropical air masses originate water regions gulf mexico pacific ocean southern tip california middle atlantic ocean caribbean sea called maritime tropical air masses
live large city factory notice air filled dust smoke live paper mill chemical plant air sting eyes unpleasant odor experiencing air pollution product age progress scientific advancement air pollution polluting atmosphere occurring millions appeared earth forest fires set lightning billowed smoke air ashes fires found fossilized ancient rock erupting volcanoes spewed dust ashes poisonous gases water vapor fact scientists believe water oceans today billions volcanic eruptions recorded history volcano island krakatoa exploded blasting circle dust earth upper levels atmosphere dust visible months afterward gases erupting volcanoes killed thousands dust storms early midwestern states occurring millions fertile land mississippi river actually result soil carried miles high winds dropped area period thousands today factories machinery airplanes automobiles adding smoke dust kinds poisonous compounds atmosphere alarming rate
search knowledge outer space universe began hundreds ago astronomers philosophers studied heavenly bodies motions galileo invented telescope ago today telescopes spectroscopes balloons airplanes rockets space ships astronomers space scientists uncovered mystery outer space problem putting space send spacecraft filled instruments earth atmosphere rocket capable producing force needed carry vehicle outer space built unlike engines rocket require source oxygen operation carries supply important outer space learned vacuum space oxygen combine fuel rocket consists main parts lightweight airframe withstand pressure propellant consists fuel oxidizer rocket engine power plant payload instruments passengers operation rocket based newton law action reaction law states actions equal action opposite direction illustrate law bullet fired rifle kicks shoulder person firing rifle push backward called reaction equal force push forward sends bullet mark
ballistics study movement rocket flight ballistic missiles unmanned spacecraft trajectory path goal depends gravitational forces maneuvering devices scientists developed ballistic missiles develop thrust power capable producing escape velocity missile developed missiles protected space vehicle damage burning rockets developed atlas intercontinental ballistics missile icbm titan thor intermediate range ballistics missile irbm jupiter saturn powerful saturn propel astronauts flights moon jupiter atlas titan rockets earlier stages exploration space actually built carry explosive warheads saturn designed space exploration satellite space explorer equipped temperature detector microphone measure meteorite collisions special device measure rate cosmic dust erosion information outer space obtained artificial satellites space vehicles scientists learned deal weather satellites communications satellites planetary lunar probes number weather satellites space sending information earth regarding weather pictures cloud covers learned hurricanes develop grow move tiros nimbus essa satellites form network tracks storms relays warnings earth
memini sit rock forgotten place dangle feet river windrider mindreader wildflower wizard wore shimmering green robe embroidered wildflower creation tall pointed wizard hat shaggy beard keeping things flowers smell tobacco pouch mushrooms roots berries supper lunch place sat dangled hundred west massachusetts town called pagantown town memini hundred stays place leaves goes windrider wizard whirlwind eye mindreader means loves read wizard mind fuller memories biggest book full words wildflowers loves aconite zizia wish granting spells story starts granted wishes hundred born fifteen hundred ago fifteenth june flowery valley tiber river italy mother peasant woman father special maybe zephyrus god west wind aquilo north wind god rumors knew mother didn say
wished hard clenched teeth clutched wood dug hands remained maple branch andrew chucked bushes bicycle thought bicycle stood useless parking rack school locked bicycles fourth graders disgrace miss ingledinger yesterday andrew forgotten homework punishment miss ingledinger lock bicycle key loved taking bicycle keys homework list thirteen colonies capitals virginia capital richmond laid table front hall morning thinking playing mary recess left homework lying walked slowly thought mary wished fiores living lived hill eakinses fiore taught high school elected town council moved house river lane short distance town hall high school andrew wished hard closed eyes feel rolling hill mary racing fort built
memini found sat rock river half hidden shadows hickory tree dangling toes puffing kinnikinnick fragrant mixture barberry leaves tobacco tree bark indians taught remembering favorite indian wisher soft sound feet grass look turn black haired blue eyed person coming moment merged wisher mind leaped rock held hands welcome potawata exclaimed mary stood rooted ground believe eyes ears echoed pot water memini looked shaking head re reading mind potawata happening thought mary beard hat reads mind pots water couldn deny perfectly explanation decided telling matter fact voice announced mary fiore turn introduce didn puffed pipe smiled mary asked answer circus prompted gypsy maybe hobo waiting reply looked smiling closed mouth beard crazily decorated weeds things toes making ripples water impatiently mouth stayed closed
expecting magic andrew told seeing eyes closed saw vividly saw children bursting school building stillness heard loudly singing shouting happiness wasn wasn exactly kind magic expected power wish opening eyes wish thought wish prove doubt stranger wizard fake memini urged memento meminisse helping andrew wish bicycle turn horse word horse memini eyes closed head sank beard mind opened fiery black mare granted indian brave andrew thought asleep shrug total disappointment turned started thrown bicycle heard sleepy voice shout wait saw memini coming green streak bushes didn hinder waved green prickly plant andrew called look horse nettle
sunday morning hours mary church don want andrew breakfast wouldn thinking black magic think want re going mrs eakins church help set table mother black magic andrew ran led mare barn sunday clothes jumped rode town meet fiores soon saw green car coming curve brought black magic halt waited car lurched stop fiore called astonishment andrew didn horse mary squeezed past mother half car boy shouted gaping beauty meant kidding phone night andrew beamed mary car mrs fiore vincent clock fiores drove black magic easily turned eakins driveway mrs eakins house hello marge vincent mary greeted fiores greeted
mary weekend tomorrow free ride black magic andrew cooped miss ingledinger classroom lay bed trying fall asleep longer stayed awake longer tonight tomorrow monday morning weather mood drab gray breakfast announced going ride school parents didn idea gave morning black magic setting andrew soon past driveway trying head west river southeast town andrew liked let couldn reluctantly pulled reins headed direction comfort thought short till fifteenth june started singing morning ride andrew eakins listen children hear end school nearly felt town dirt road changed pavement black magic hoofs clatter houses threw open windows stared seen boy ride school horseback fifty andrew sat tall proud smiled astonished faces shouted questions smiled
miss ingledinger bedroom window wide open mist solomon course flown directly bed bureau top source tantalizing scent favorite supper cage stood luckily moby trembling inside cage tightly shut disappointed blink solomon dropped flower snoring teacher pillow told flew mist pagantown mountain exactly morning reached cave field mouse deservedly moment thanks wild clock fire hearth mixture kettle stopped brewing magic mist dispersed memini felt pleasantly tired night yawned lay fell asleep thistledown comforter solomon feeling pleasantly full spent left dark hours perched ledge looking wise thinking think dawn fell asleep custom dreamed mice andrew turning night stomach side side rumpling bedding sleep uncomfortable feeling inside let rest
seeing mary sitting andrew knew uncomfortable feeling suddenly hit pit stomach making wish wished miss ingledinger knowing full forced look yes face contorted rage friends soon school buzzed news transfer halls classrooms bathrooms children whispered heard fierce pierce school days awful terrible unfair tsk tsk imagine miss dillon feel poor mary fiore miss dillon felt upset straight pierce complain found upset ended comforting miss ingledinger doted didn care blue eyed mary bloomed vase spell matter real mary sulked frowned miss ingledinger smiled spoke sweetly content mary school ran high school burst father office told happened wait minute fiore called friend fred pierce story straight pierce explained knowing foolish sounded course outrageous couldn help humor
sunday morning read pagantown post published report full front page sunday noon eakins fiores dinner andrew mary course telephone friday mary called andrew soon perry left face face perry mary asked andrew looked embarrassed remembered getting excited research agreed tell didn want don need place secret wizard andrew prepared argument scornful look mary say wizard eye looked relieved news listen andrew starting explain meaning wish jump river exactly wished miss ingledinger class mary didn let let talk wishes anymore let talk going happen think andrew bet re going change town yes andrew teasing meanly didn mind rename town wednesday regular council meeting meeting town held town hall small elementary school auditorium
live space age age exploration discovery age scientists send spacecraft moon planets things discovered outer space unknown ago spacecraft modern telescopes able look places earth moon mysteries solar system explored solar system sun bodies move solar system tiny part galaxy galaxy family stars milky galaxy billions stars sun stars solar system part milky stars solar systems stars someday learn solar systems center solar system bright yellow star star sun looks big star medium sized sun star closest earth sun ball hot gases heat light sun burning gases sun lights warms earth sun earth
globe shows earth surface learn earth surface studying map map shows things globe shows globe model earth globe round earth round map flat show round earth flat map shape earth cut stretched map maps show part earth map shows part earth part shown greater detail maps help want study country globes maps idea look map page blue colored parts map stand water easy earth surface water land fourth surface earth land rest surface water map pages shows earth land northern hemisphere live northern hemisphere southern hemisphere water land fewer live large land areas earth surface large bodies land called continents names continents north america south america europe asia africa australia antarctica
change environment cut trees clear land field farm change environment bridge environment looks environment travel place easily change environment reasons want satisfy needs want things earth able things tools need food place live shelter clothing food shelter clothes basic needs live food energy bodies need shelter protects wind rain cold heat change environment meet needs build house field changed environment met basic need shelter cut woods plant crops changed environment met basic need food survive environment meet basic needs think needs wants change environment natural resources natural resources materials found earth water rich soil coal oil forests natural resources change environment natural resources change land rich soil plenty water farms
paul martha berglund arrived home grasslands land flat trees sight small stream nearby cows thick grass eat berglunds land homestead act wanted farm land needed house problem trees wood shipped train east cost paul martha remembered houses seen land houses sod earth sod word grassy ground sod houses wooden houses east morning berglunds met neighbors helen jeb stewart stewarts lived miles km help berglunds build sod house martha paul decided build house stream easy water animals house window east side catch morning light paul jeb started cutting strips sod earth paul jeb martha helen pulled wood berglund wagon door window frame roof beams helped build sod house walls blocks sod laid rows bricks spaces blocks filled earth windows doors place roof beams put
omaha nebraska important city heart grasslands largest city nebraska omaha important manufacturing city manufacturing omaha related farming omaha food processing plants plants process package food eat factories things cans fertilizers omaha central location important distribution major railroads highways pass omaha farmers live cities need cities need farmers grow food city room grow food busy making goods providing services farmers important cities farmers need modern farm machinery cities grasslands factories farm machinery factories provide jobs city factories process food need workers farmers need city sell crops city farmers buy goods services need buy clothing tvs cars furniture buy food processed city type transportation grasslands depends live rural area section countryside farms small towns farms large fields cover miles towns rural areas separated huge farms
mountains affect climate land temperature rainfall changed mountains nearby temperature bottom mountain warmer temperature top higher mountain cooler temperature equator climate warm cool high mountains look closely chart rain shadow formed page shows mountains create rain shadow wind blows direction side mountain rain side rain rain shadow let happens united states pacific ocean mountains ocean winds moving east run mountains clouds pushed winds clouds moisture water clouds pushed side mountain cool cold air hold moisture clouds drop moisture rain side mountain high altitudes moisture freezes snow highest mountaintops snow clouds drop moisture side mountain clouds rise mountains moisture rain falls side mountain rain shadow
sahara changing ways living desert changed today fewer million live sahara million nomads live oases live nile river land nile river large oasis miles sahara berbers called tuaregs group tedas arabs berbers live northwestern part sahara tuaregs live area ahaggar mountains tedas live tibesti mountains live raising herds camels sheep goats hunt desert gazelles look map sahara page find places groups lives sahara nomads live oases living nomad living oasis nomads changed nomads travel find food water animals travel caravans trade wool animal skins colorful rugs cloth trade camels sheep goats return food supplies nomads trade oases story arab children esmat jasim read story learn hot desert esmat stood opening big tent
touggourt oasis city sahara algeria live touggourt important trade center hundreds touggourt trade center water supply wells reach underground water pumps bring water surface water makes grow things touggourt grow date palms grow vegetables onions peppers important goods sold city stores markets touggourt trade center location caravan paths cross touggourt camel caravans trade today automobile road begins touggourt road connects touggourt oasis cities touggourt car touggourt trades parts dates shipped touggourt railroad airfield easier trade sahara large deposits oil natural gas important live jobs money countries sahara deal oil natural gas beneath land countries libya algeria largest producers oil natural gas resources sold countries water keeps earth moist oasis plants grow oases built homes
ecosystem arctic tundra polar icecap ecosystem plants animals icecap plants grow arctic tundra summer flowers bloom wet muddy land forget poppies blue bells smaller plants grow kind called moss moss short plant flowers grows clumps forming soft thick mat kind plant called lichen moss lichens flowers grow ground tree trunks rocks moss lichen types short grass grow tundra tundra small bushes trees trees need warmer weather survive month trees grow trees grow tundra short feet tall roots push deep soil permafrost animals live arctic tundra thousands birds nest summer birds tundra ducks geese hawks ptarmigans ptarmigan bird size pigeon lives arctic winter ptarmigan white feathers blend snow ptarmigan feathers turn white spotted brown summer
explorers portugal brazil settlers soon brought amazon region meant lives indians changed indians lived amazon river basin hundreds jungle river find things houses weapons food clothing jungle plants animals amazon river major source food river tributaries filled fish indians fish stir water poles frightens fish indians catch fish nets baskets palm leaves animals birds jungle animals large hunting difficult indians hunt bows wood arrows bamboo homes built materials jungle maloca big house palm leaves bamboo palms broad leaves bamboo hollow woody stems homes amazon river built poles poles houses water river floods inside homes hammocks sleeping indians find nuts jungle eat trade brazil nuts hard shells nuts grow inside pear shaped fruit fruit drops tree opened bananas cacao gathered cacao beans chocolate indians farm jungle
amazon tributaries important moving goods important today air travel important kind transportation amazon region airplanes fly supplies jungles forests roads government brazil working build system highways roads finished capital brazil rio de city coast government decided capital closer center brazil capital built farther inland called brasilia brasilia grew highway built connect belem road north south called belem highway find road map highways amazon basin highway built farmers ranchers moved road send crops animals cities brazil building road road miles km huge bulldozers cut jungle path cars trucks road called trans amazon highway goes east west amazon river road runs southern part amazon region links cities coast peru huge machines hard build road jungle
islands found bodies water oceans islands seas lakes rivers islands islands earth geographers say kinds islands formed continental islands part large continent glaciers huge chunks ice move slowly glaciers melt sea level rises water covers low lying land higher land island earth crust cracks part land splits continent wind water wear land leaving island large continental islands british isles greenland coral islands unusual coral hard material millions skeletons tiny sea animals skeletons pile packed hard rocks form islands coral islands low flat found tropical climates barrier islands buildup sand mud gravel barrier islands found shoreline continent blowing winds ocean waves glaciers glaciers push piles sand rock dirt form islands coast padre island coast texas barrier island volcanic islands underwater volcanoes erupt surtsey island iceland appeared surtsey volcanoes galapagos
countries ways learned help especially times need technology interdependent ways traveling easier help countries depend things goods services need trading trade important countries ago countries tried needed want depend countries goods resources ways living improved harder needed country important resources found parts crops grown parts learned earlier oil countries learned foods shipped united states parts united states live trade things workers machines tools sold countries lose jobs trade helps jobs country lives trade goods countries trade knowledge united states soviet union trade knowledge space medicine agriculture fact united states soviet union met space july astronauts cosmonauts docked spaceships
earth revolves sun seasons change globes page show summer winter happen mapmaker drawn rays sunlight travel straight line sun earth energy giving rays strike earth curved surface curve rays strike earth direct rays spread wider area means heat giving energy strong indirect rays happens place receives sun direct rays area sun shines directly overhead noon temperatures high look equator globes equator believe line divides half receives direct rays sun place kind temperatures expect equator suppose earth tilted direct rays fall equator trip sun earth tilted tilt revolution rotation direct rays strike places globe left shows summer comes northern hemisphere northern hemisphere northern half earth earth moves sun northern hemisphere tilts sun direct rays hit earth north equator june hit believe line called tropic cancer
rivers run think happens rains heavily water runs higher ground lower ground happen muddy field happen city streets water runs gutters gutters built lower middle street river rainwater runs downhill runs downhill downstream starts call starting place source source river flows sea lake larger river start high mountains cross gently sloping valleys join larger rivers finally flows ocean place river flows ocean called mouth mouth higher lower source river flows change direction times comes higher ground turns follows lower land look zaire river source direction flow directions flow reaches ocean zaire river general direction find imagine straight line running source mouth run north south east west map pages shows longest rivers general direction flows remember north means sky north means earth south
solo story african wild dog hugo van tells solo early managed save death solo special subject television film read passage decide kind underlined words took longer felt solo making headway interactions den mates gradually dropped defensive attitude played freely soon lay rested heap puppy den watched solo progress weeks saw pups felt worthwhile save rescued thousands killed solo special wild dog underlined words removed passage easily replaced nouns result course awkward childish piece writing words stand nouns called pronouns parts speech pronoun pronoun word substitute noun pronouns easy locate identify chart important personal pronouns pronouns plural singular
read article paper currency notice task underlined word performing nearly country today issues paper money money kind appeared china fact largest paper money history issued chinese dynasty notes measured inches thirteen inches smallest bank note appeared rumania rumanian note smaller matchbook cover american dollars size dollars green backs countries colors peruvian paper bill green yellow gray blue brown red tourist peru careful observant quickly learn note color american bankers variety size color currency americans prefer present uniform size color dollar underlined words article thing modifying nouns word modify means limit change words careful observant modify noun tourist tell kind tourist trouble unusual currency words green yellow gray blue brown red describe noun tell colors backs largest modifies noun money tells size modifies note tells
verbs tell tell action takes place past present future examine sentences children wanted crayons children want pencils children want pens changing ending verb want adding auxiliary verb tell children wanted crayons pencils pens word tense means verbs simple basic tenses wanted past tense want present tense want future tense ed added present tense verbs past tense formed auxiliary verb put present tense future tense formed verb tenses past perfect present perfect future perfect study sentences written words crayons broke written words days written words suppertime written past perfect tense writing occurred crayons broke written present perfect tense took place recently written future perfect tense finished event future perfect tenses created forms verb adding special verb form called past participle
sentence subject subject topic sentence times topic discussed sentence notice tinted subjects oranges lemons grow warm climates oranges lemons subjects verb grow subjects added easily sentence oranges lemons limes pineapples grow warm climates tinted words special kind subject form compound subject word compound means composed parts compound subject compound subject subject consists topics verb verb makes statement subject statements subject notice verbs sentence prepared served dinner verbs statements subject prepared served called compound verb compound verb compound verb verbs statement subject group words subject verb expressing complete thought sentence independent clause sentences simple compound simple sentence subject part predicate part subject predicate compound simple sentences subjects orange verbs green prepared dinner served dinner prepared served dinner
sentence main parts subject verb sentences need part read paragraph notice underlined words luck bring happiness john sutter swiss immigrant owned huge successful ranch sacramento valley california thousands horses cows oxen sheep james marshall carpenter hired sutter building sawmill river mill marshall discovered gold discovery gold land delighted sutter soon workers left jobs news gold quickly reached town california abandoned homes businesses sailors deserted ships began rush sacramento valley squatters gradually occupied sutter land streams remove sutter lost underlined words help sentence express complete thought grammar called complements complement complement word group words verb complete predicate kinds complements kind direct object examine italicized words sentences john sutter owned ranch james marshall discovered gold squatters occupied sutter lands sutter soon lost italicized words sentences subjects receive action verb direct objects direct object
preceding units investigated sentences parts sentences investigation successful valuable resource resource frequently profitably desert knowledge sentences sentence parts improve compositions suggestions refer write improve composition complete sentences avoid sentence fragments run sentences improperly harm composition improve composition clearly capitalizing word sentence correct end punctuation avoid omitting periods question marks exclamation marks mark punctuation important word carries important message reader improve composition variety sentences avoid declarative sentences interrogative imperative exclamatory sentences improve composition sentences lengths avoid composition short sentences improve composition changing locations subjects verbs avoid subject predicate inverted word order sentences interesting read improve composition variety sentence complements avoid writing sentences thoughtlessly direct objects subject complements indirect objects carry important information readers improve composition compound sentence elements avoid repeating words sentences unnecessarily short sentences sentence joining subjects verbs complements improve composition revising removing awkward sentences
prepositions provide accuracy give precise direction nouns verbs incorrectly change meaning sentence relationship object rest sentence impossible understand avoid errors writing clear important learn exact meaning troublesome prepositions means inside means leaving place going inside notice change meaning sentences stan ollie walked room walked room ollie walked room walked place refers persons objects refers persons objects persons objects divide cake pedro susan divide cake children divide cupcakes teams divide cupcakes members choir andy scott fifty cents girls fifty cents preposition introduces prepositional phrase object introduces group words subject predicate complete sentence look sentences jim looks brother jim looks brother bill looked bill seventh grade meant
hear misusing english language affect opinion heard adult say students sure builded theirselves disregard content speech entirely focus misuse language person thoughts ideas sincere person communicate properly misunderstood written spoken communication clear easy understand readers listeners able comprehend message writer speaker incorrect words easily confusion misunderstanding usage rules point effective english usage problems occur written spoken english unit help avoid problems rules learn expected remember practice basis correct usage develop usage problems common verb tenses learn regular verb tenses formed especially careful pronounce ed endings regular verbs usage errors problems occur irregular verbs learn ways irregular verbs formed refer list question formation pairs verbs difficult master let leave sit set raise rise learn recognize meaning verb correct usage
enjoy putting salt meat vegetables say salt improves flavor food add salt salty foods ham potato chips salt ruin taste improve paragraph writing lot seasoning food develop sense put leave give quality coherence coherence means word sentence include paragraph explaining topic idea paragraph let look suppose write composition types pets enjoy keeping decided break composition parts warm blooded pets cold blooded pets look pictures margin decide animals include paragraph warm blooded pets chose leave tropical fish real fish cold blooded creatures want paragraph warm blooded pets coherent save writing tropical fish paragraph sentences paragraph important paragraph unity topic sentence writing strong topic sentence forces decide exactly want include paragraph sentence paragraph related topic sentence
early britons spoke language called celtic close irish gaelic roman empire conquered britain latin chief language island english french spanish italian offshoot latin fact romans left britain empire invaded germanic tribes rome withdrew soldiers service home england invaded germanic tribes angles saxons jutes conquered england imposed languages developing latin branch european family languages english began develop germanic branch early latin words dropped english stayed present words bishop cheese kitchen mint examples place names winchester ending chester comes latin word military camp language anglo saxon invaders spoke known english period historical growth english language lasted roughly frequently words english period words mother father brother sister friend fiend night earth think sit stand hear house land shirt skirt common words english
united states major english speaking countries english language spoken country nation immigrants americans speak english language country parents originally american english able borrow words freely major language spoken globe european settlers country populated tribes american indians english arrived borrowed native american names plants animals exist europe added words english spanish french dutch colonized added words english language spanish place names west southwest major spanish settlements dutch names common york originally called amsterdam french names common louisiana lakes area slave trade brought english contact african languages words languages american english later groups emigrated united states brought languages customs groups include irish italians russians poles germans chinese look mainland hawaii introduced polynesian words american english influences american english especially rich names states united states languages
english language thousands words educated readers expected meaning word langauge meeting words problems immediately look word dictionary reading slow simply skip unfamiliar word find understanding passage reading let look practical suppose run sentence reading town built confluence rivers location town natural center shipping goods parts region word understand noun confluence ways discovering word confluence means look prefix root remember prefix con means root flu means flow confluence means flowing substitute phrase sentence makes sense telling unfamiliar word means sentence helps define word look clues called context clues context means word sentence find rivers town center trade
speeches beginning middle end speakers plan middle main ideas supporting details purpose inform main ideas answer questions purpose persuade prepared give reasons audience believe suggesting selecting main ideas choose details support ideas details describe compare give examples statistics want offer visual aids charts diagrams films working models speech plan introduction beginning give statement purpose speech opening grab attention audience plan carefully finally plan conclusion end end speech summarize main ideas purpose persuade end final appeal audience believe asking purpose entertain leave audience high point enjoyment laughter formal closing assembling material deciding main ideas ready prepare outline outline helps organize speech compositions unit examples outlines planning speech think title
listening reaching learn ideas things listened reach ideas reach help learn hear record radio want learn words listen concentrate hear announcement party don listen practice guides listening look directly person speaking mind saying show interest expression face nodding head agreement listen mind ears try listening notes taking notes speech try write word wait understand general idea jot main ideas key words listening announcements directions sure details avoid interrupting speaker question wait speaker end thought courteously attention lecturers special question answer periods end write questions ask end listening speech broadcast questions mind
times need write business letter wish express opinion congressional representative complain order properly filled business letter clear give facts business letters courteous reader want help important difference business letter friendly letter business letter reader personally letter introduces reader opinion formed appearance letter letter neatly carefully written business letters typewritten handwriting blue black ink acceptable plain white paper preferably unlined intimate informal stationery scented paper paper decorated flowers hearts businesses stationery printed address phone number top business letter standard parts letter heading inside address salutation body complimentary close signature heading business letter information friendly letter writer street address city zip code date letter written inside address receiver complete title company organization address zip code sample page lines heading flush left margin
put written sharp focus nouns clear specific nouns vague general specific nouns artist find sentences easier illustrate bird dropped food saw animal canary dropped seed saw cat nouns sentence create sharper clearer picture bird food animal general nouns canary seed cat specific nouns kinds compositions speeches general nouns words times specific nouns preferred descriptions explanations noticeably improved specific nouns frequently study paragraph short story written student notice specific nouns underlined build clear vivid images car pulled sideroad stopped front ramshackle farmhouse strong early spring gale entered house rushed broken panes dirty windows played rain spotted shreds curtain wind whistled blew cracks slits joined creaking door banging loose shutter upper floor musty smell mothballs dust mingled fresh scent spring bright sunshine transformed gently floating dust particles miniature stars imaginary universe author created picture seen added extra dimensions appealing reader senses smell hearing touch specific nouns help reader smell hear feel abandoned farmhouse
pearl buck american author expert writing descriptions notice clearly describes young woman wang lung turned woman looked square honest face short broad nose large black nostrils mouth wide gash face eyes small dull black color filled sadness clearly expressed face habitually silent unspeaking speak bore patiently wang lung look embarrassment response simply waiting seen saw true beauty kind face brown common patient face selection eudora welty describes wilderness american south green branches closed step trumpet muscadine vines big vines pillars trunks trees arches buttresses passion flowers bloomed white purple rays shoulders feet walked steaming hot shade wilderness put hands hanging vines feared snakes sudden cool thousands silver bells frogs rang swamp closed open sky seen river
students write sentences loaded unnecessary words removed improve sentences participle words change verb sentence participle put beginning sentence director sighed began rehearsal sighing director began rehearsal children screaming ran shelter screaming children ran shelter dog frightened started whimpering frightened dog started whimpering astronaut smiling stood smiling astronaut stood part sentence participial phrase rid needless participle adjective modify noun pronoun participle adverbs direct objects participle related words called participial phrase notice sentences changed improved dad heard thunder closed windows hearing thunder dad closed windows speaker coughed nervously began lecture coughing nervously speaker began lecture amazed skill cheered amazed skill cheered letter torn half thrown torn half letter thrown improved sentences subject verb moved front verb
sentence subject verb sentences need complements complete meaning subject verb article proverbs complements underlined knows proverbs short sayings common words advice warnings express sympathy consolation proverbs bible offers readers famous ancient greek roman writers frequently shakespeare benjamin franklin created recorded popular proverbs knows authors common today proverbs rhythmic learn easily provide convenient colorful comments everyday events complements found predicate sentence help sentence express complete thought complement complement word group words completes meaning verb kinds complements direct object indirect object subject complement covered lessons examine italicized words proverbs early bird catches worm rolling stone gathers moss cooks spoil broth subject italicized word performs action verb direct object italicized word receives action verb direct object direct object word complete predicate receives action verb
verbs divided groups transitive intransitive intransitive linking paragraph examples type oscar emmy grammy tony nicknames famous awards names news annually movies movie stars receive oscars outstanding television shows television personalities win emmy grammy goes exceptional records record albums recording artists tony annual award notable plays musicals stage performers award longer elaborate sentences direct objects transitive verbs kind verb carries action subject direct object transitive verb verb direct object study examples won awards congratulated winners sentences direct objects intransitive verbs kind verb carry action word intransitive verb verb direct object study examples intransitive verbs cheered winners smiled proudly sentences subject complements special kind intransitive verb intransitive linking verb list page intransitive linking verb linking verb verb subject complement winners famous verb transitive sentence intransitive intransitive linking verb forms nouns adjectives adverbs
kind sentence complex sentence basic ingredient complex sentence dependent clause fact dependent clause removed sentence simple complex sentence complex sentence sentence consists independent clause dependent clauses complex sentences dependent clauses italicized clause subject verb shopped studied advertisements store advertises bargains confuse dependent clauses phrases sale sale shop tuesdays shop crowds dependent clauses divided groups adverb adjective noun dependent clause adverb called adverb clause notice adverb clauses replace adverbs give free samples felt unhappy price rose felt unhappy word begins adverb clause called subordinating conjunction kind conjunction connects clauses unequal clauses modify nouns pronouns replace adjectives adjective prepositional phrases called adjective clauses class toured store class toured store built question stand wants information stand adjective clauses begin relative pronouns relative adjective
english language complex exceptions rules grammar usage find pairs adjectives adverbs confusing troublesome simplest avoid difficulty troublesome pairs remember adjectives modify nouns pronouns adverbs modify verbs adjectives adverbs list shows troublesome adjective adverb pairs adjective place adverb adjective modifies nouns pronouns adverb modifies verb answers question hand answers question kind study examples kind song song sing song sang examples modifies noun song modifies verb sang adjective describes person health appearance important remember sick looks extremely verbs relate senses feel look smell sound taste require extra attention errors avoided remember wish discuss health adjective felt winning prize choir certainly sounded today dress wearing looks avoid adjective real adverb real means genuine meaning adverb
paragraph group sentences developing single topic single main idea sentence inside paragraph topic sentence tells entire paragraph helps stay topic topic sentence paragraph boldface type read paragraph notice sentence contributes idea television hurt movie industry terrible thing happened hollywood television television tube standard item american living rooms yes television exist americans began staying home watching free entertainment going pay movies virtually overnight hollywood position top entertainment industry undermined movie industry thrown kind panic experienced success jazz singer silent movies obsolete overnight studios scramble convert sound writers place topic sentences end middle paragraph notice writer paragraph supporting sentences build topic sentence end paragraph america black west africa slave ship bringing complex exciting rhythms america european bringing folk songs dances marches black american absorbed melodies added rhythms
keys successful writing learning leave paragraph learning organize main ways organize ideas information paragraph according space according according logic let look separately let say asked describe classroom looks write think comes mind arrange things writing according space according objects relation objects room start top bottom left end direction words top bottom front show readers show effective technique imagine scene shot movie camera camera eye moves slowly room moves focus interesting goes item room fits read passage carefully notice ursula le starts description fountain describes rest house looks relation fountain center court fountain sun march shone young leaves ash elm water lept fell shadow clear light
language granted familiar pair comfortable jeans nonetheless english language interesting history developed sources spread single small island chinese number native speakers general globe english belongs european family languages european family ten major language families spoken globe major language groups familiar tibetan chinese japanese korean american indian polynesian black african afro asian english european language family resemblances major languages europe including french german spanish italian russian languages northern india thousands ago english richest vocabulary major langauges true english closely related major languages german french latin latin language spoken ancient romans roman armies conquered present western europe brought language modern french italian spanish called romance languages directly descended language romans english hand language combines richness languages let closer look french german latin helped english language speak today
english language language spoken circumstances logical english developed paths experienced realize language write language talking friend met english speakers countries sections country words heard wonder makes happen let look find remember television commercial dishwashing liquid professional pot scrubber ends commercial saying professionally speaking recommend remember formal english formal english professionally speaking formal english speeches important papers reports occasion want especially dignified teacher retiring end chosen give official farewell speech formal english case formal english choice formal occasion formal english words conversation sentences longer sentence structure complicated ordinary speech formal english read paragraph express ideas conversation
words personalities word properly meaning feeling word learned words definite personalities slang expressions enter leave language quickly slang formal occasion wearing clothes receive award mayor place absolutely formal speech place basketball court point words personalities learn recognize dictionary definition denotation word word literal meaning important connotation word connotation refers string associations develop word give word specific personality let look examples scientist word animal refers living insect plant scientist interested specific meaning word denotation animal applied person meaning longer literal figurative words compare person kind animal pig bear telling feel person think characteristics feelings mind hear person compared animals
note cards follow suggestions write heading subheading top card card idea source write title author copyright date volume page number heading write details beneath source ideas source write author date page number cards card number page idea source card number author murray date page repeated abbreviate words recognize able spell correctly later finished taking notes arrange cards order planning speech discover information cover allowed save extra information adequate collection note cards begin organizational pattern forming topics logical beginning middle end help guide planning speaker outline parts speech tape recording begin turning tape recorder depressing record button speaking microphone details mentioned logical progression steps beginning end beginning parts introduction thesis statement purpose speech
listen level concentration levels listening action level information level entertainment level achieve action level listen extreme attention act immediately stake listen acutely information level listening common sort hear things need later level listening practice school listen friends level listening entertainment entertainment level listening relaxed things hear entertainment level sheer enjoyment need act immediately store future critical listener judges worth listening giving attention critical listener knows says true critical listener choose listen louder linked attractive picture critical listener asking questions speaker purpose inform persuade entertain develop appreciation evoke sympathy speaker qualified subject speaker trusted honest fair speaker extravagant claims
envelope business letter parts friendly letter return address envelope address return address complete street address city zip code writer appears upper left hand corner envelope envelope address complete street address city zip code person letter appears left center envelope letters written semiblock block form business letters written block style paragraph begins left margin page semiblock style line paragraph indented left margin section type business letter write depend situation sure include important facts burden reader unnecessary explanations introductory material common types business letters letter merchandise ordered common type business letter orders today phone specially provided order blanks order blank item want catalog magazine follow suggestions give exact description item presented catalog newspaper magazine ordering include order number color size price quantity want
need express thoughts feelings expression forms words smile show happiness shrug express uncertainty siren fire accident arrow points street course common forms communication speaking writing depend words words combined meaningful arrangement pattern communication takes place patterns speaking writing differ speak depend gestures facial expressions help communicate thoughts ideas write words punctuation ideas clear easy read construct sentences punctuate properly look groups words spoken end telephone conversation yes sure afternoon bring skates don late word lines exactly meant case thought incomplete words speaker missing lines express complete thoughts sentences groups words express complete thoughts sentences sentence group words expressing complete thought sentences notice capital letter beginning sentence mark punctuation end harper lee won prize book
found sentences easy identify subject difficulty locating subject sentences movers arrived early saturday morning math test easy sentences trouble locating subject help find verb ask study examples high school homework verb clearly ask answer subject sentence untie knot words sentence express action untie course untie verb ask untie answer subject sentence peak mount everest reached british group verb sentence difficult identify reached reached answer peak peak subject sentence thought mount everest subject finding verb asking answer question subject method misled words sentence look subject showing parts sentence diagram
notice difference sentences sentence interesting house stood hill haunted house stood barren hill sentence additional words haunted barren house location vivid words called adjectives adjectives describe nouns pronouns adjective haunted describes modifies noun house adjective barren modifies noun hill adjectives definite idea house hill adjective word modifies noun pronoun nouns animal city general meaning class things words definite specific need adjective word describes makes clear meaning noun adjectives pronouns nouns adjectives modify words describe adjectives answer questions kind adjectives phrases heavy type adjectives don word modify follow box empty adjective empty modifies box woman kind wise helped adjectives kind wise modify woman study adjectives sentences arrow shows word adjective modifies drawing chosen winner tells chosen
addition direct objects indirect objects kinds complements predicate nominative predicate adjective complements called subject complements refer subject sentence words heavy type sentences subject complements notice follow linking verbs julio president class president refers subject julio tomorrow late late refers subject tomorrow refers subject barbara looks sleepy morning sleepy refers subject barbara subject complement complement refers describes explains subject subject complements follow linking verbs action verbs order recognize subject complements review knowledge linking verbs kinds subject complements predicate nominative predicate adjective occur predicate sentence refer subject words heavy type sentences predicate piece stone arrowhead night sleet snow porpoises members whale family predicate nominative kind subject complement noun pronoun explains identifies subject sentence follows linking verb dictionary valuable tool homework assignments tool predicate nominative linking verb refers subject dictionary
constructions pose special problems agreement subject verb section cover nouns singular form group things class family team group flock nouns called collective nouns singular mean group unit plural mean individual members group collective nouns singular plural class divided opinions play class means individuals plural takes plural verb class decided science table room class thought unit singular takes singular verb family coming reunion family plural suggests members acting individuals family plans attend beth graduation family singular acting unit subject follows verb sentences beginning careful determine subject sure verb agrees sentences begin difficulty finding subject sure subject verb agree analyzing sentences remember subject word
noticed words single noun examples rule page find hair stylist tompkins list persons bryant park list places merry round list things word groups called compound nouns parts compound noun written word words hyphenated commonly compound nouns doubt write compound noun consult dictionary dictionaries give correct forms word find vice president written hyphen rule wise form dictionary lists pronoun word place noun refer noun names clear mean clear identity person thing talking references give gloria stepped picture looked awkward unnecessary repeat picture part sentence pronoun job simply taking place noun picture
subject verb prepositional phrase remember prepositional phrase begins preposition ends noun pronoun bank door picture book floor class intermission full discussion prepositional phrases page prepositional phrase noun pronoun comes verb mistake thinking noun preposition subject girls helped ask helped tempted answer girls helped thought realize sentence say girls helped says girls helped fact word prepositional phrase subject girls phrase girls prepositional phrases especially misleading subject follows verb middle lake small island middle lake subject word part prepositional phrase subject island sentences ask questions sentences begin word order places subject unusual position questions begin verb verb helper frequently begin words subject ordinarily follows verb verb helper
knows exactly science began earliest written descriptions human activity found beginning science writing record keeping developed human beings began observing thinking surroundings science special kind human activity say science began human beings appeared earth science special kind activity say began humans thought looked rocks trees sun things thousands thought scientifically notice say science kind activity body knowledge mean scientific activity scientific thinking important kind activity read books science history achievements understand mean saying science special kind activity learn science reading maybe direct understand science scientists course designed spend things investigating reading scientific investigations depend carefully observe record data interpret results draw conclusions basic scientific skills professional scientists matter simple complicated questions seek answer
today scientific community distances cases national boundaries longer prevent movement information major branches science chemistry physics biology astronomy longer distinct boundaries sharp dividing line science branches technology fields sciences engineering medicine branches science technology related closely overlapping interests skills resulted increasing complexity scientific problems scientists solve examples problems hard find pollution earth water atmosphere population explosion need energy sources finally consider efforts exploration space knowledge developed scientists engineers design develop rockets fuels space vehicles physical scientists space vehicles collect information earth atmosphere planets space medical doctors sure conditions space vehicles provide healthy environment astronauts biologists looking planets scientists technologists cooperate depend skills women fields specialization possibility planets captures imagination young alike find answers questions planets skills knowledge say search knowledge surroundings guided solely physicists chemists biologists astronomers engineers
scientist says true means evidence supports model constructed model makes scientist relate observations experimental results data scientists term model sense ordinary speech talk model airplanes model behavior fashion models fits idea scientific model kind model scientist mental image based partly past evidence accepted facts based partly theories based partly opinions guesses hunches scientists construct physical visible copies models mind easier communicate ideas models complicated construct imagine trying construct complete model universe includes billions stars mental model based process extends lengths evolution mammals speeds distances temperatures involved model created copied physical model case model copied exists mind scientist models scientific models help organize past present experimental results logical pattern model fits evidence
ways group elements local power company prefer group elements according ease conduct electricity jeweler want classify elements according ability resist corrosion chemist interested elements combine form compounds groups elements exhibit similar behavior combined elements called families elements discussion families follows exceptions gases helium family involved chemical reactions called inert unchanging gases members family grouped generally lack ability combine elements families exception radon members helium family discovered period members family tend react chemically present small amounts atmosphere discovery depended finding means isolating compress air pressure forming liquid air elements discovered elements helium family remain oxygen nitrogen liquid air boiled figure nucleus atom directly involved chemical reactions lack chemical reactivity inert gases structure electron groups behavior members chemical families test idea unlike inert gases fluorine members family combine readily elements
oxygen colorless gas sulfur bright yellow solid members oxygen family silver gray solids atom element family electrons outer group figure scientists think chemical activity depends number electrons outer group result elements oxygen family react hydrogen produce compounds similar formulas chemical formulas element symbols numbers show quantity atoms element present formulas compounds produced members oxygen family react hydrogen compounds similar formulas properties figure instance water substance hydrogen compounds formed members oxygen family highly poisonous atom elements nitrogen family electrons outer region figure compounds nitrogen phosphorus found living cells compounds arsenic insecticides weed killers antimony bismuth metals mixed copper change hardness color atom elements carbon family outer group electrons tend gain lose electrons variability elements family figure nitrogen phosphorus carbon found living things form hundred thousand compounds
fifty elements discovered chemical properties classified elements according properties english chemist john newlands arranged elements known order increasing atomic weights found elements arranged vertical columns horizontal rows contained elements similar properties exceptions chemists thought system later russian chemist dmitri ivanovich mendeleeff published similar table avoided difficulties newlands arrangement mendeleeff took account combining power elements similar ability gain lose electrons addition atomic weights confidence table left blank spaces find elements fit arrangement predicted discovery elements fit blank spaces properties unknown substances prediction turned fifteen elements possessing predicted properties discovered gallium atomic weight isolated germanium atomic weight isolated chart figure mendeleeff listed elements vertical columns order increasing atomic weight started columns elements similar chemical properties horizontal row discoveries constantly field scientific research surprising organization periodic table elements mendeleeff
science attempt humans understand explain observe senses steps scientific activity observation observation leads ask ask questions science answer questions making additional observations color feel noise odor taste questions answered senses consider type question big heavy hot fast moving senses able rough guesses things size weight temperature speed compare observations familiar describe size weight meaning accurate observations communication require standards measuring suppose human beings cro times measured things need measure standards measure things natural objects environment individual sun trees stones clothing needed suppose animal killed skinned skin held member tribe case human body standard measure
power egypt declined roman empire expanding early romans measure distance miles mile short latin words mille passus meaning thousand paces romans borrowed term foot greeks divided foot inches breadth thumb measurements roman foot inch easy foot derived body measurements varied person romans measuring rods temples fall roman empire temples destroyed measuring rods lost breakdown central government small towns hamlets standards measurement western europe local lords barons power strongest kings monarchs set standards measure body measurements king personal measurements king henry england defined yard distance tip nose end thumb arm fully extended side system weights developed stones crude balances term stone england today standard weight stone equals pounds part eighteenth century leading citizens republic france decided need precise measures measures dependent length forearm variable
early course read aristotle greatest greek philosophers teachers wrote lectured widely astronomy biology physics medicine philosophy subjects interested aristotle opinions nearly subject highly respected writings affected european thought hundreds aristotle suggested matter composed elements earth air water fire according concept solids soil rocks composed chiefly element earth thought steam produced combining elements fire heat water aristotle believed elements natural position relative earth heaviest lowest position earth water air finally lightest fire elements moved natural position seek return position earth fell air water water fell air fire rose substances thought mixtures elements substance tended move upward downward depending proportions elements substance theory silly consider question smoke rise upward air followers aristotle smoke mixture fire air earth water largely fire natural place fire earth water air
cro observed forces effects nature today kind model explain observed knowing guess fear superstition main ingredients thoughts beliefs primitive knew lightning thunder tornadoes raging forest fires earthquakes natural phenomena feelings fear awe bases constructing models convenience imagine cro word energy refer power natural events classified energy according events observed wind energy lightning energy thunder energy rain energy sun energy fire energy modern model distinguishes kinds energy basis supposedly cro thinker surroundings continuously changing planet rotates axis moves sun result night earth axis tilted known seasons days clear sunny cloudy rainy wind blows times days hot cold variables result kinds amounts energy modern model energy takes account knowledge matter largest star smallest particle atom stored energy
takes energy lift ball top inclined plane higher ball lifted greater amount energy required investigation found force required lift ball matter high lifted energy depends factors force distance force exerted ball lifted top track possesses energy position converted kinds energy energy possessed motionless ball top track called potential energy case result force gravity gravitational force ball accelerate rolls lower level rolling ball possesses energy motion potential energy gradually changed energy motion ball moves downhill suppose add inclined plane end level track figure ball begins rolling uphill energy motion converted potential energy slow ignore friction expect ball roll inclined plane reaches height equal starting point working pendulum similar change potential energy energy motion potential energy pendulum completes swing comes complete stop
science textbooks classify matter forms phases solids liquids gases solid solid liquid liquid gas gas phases result chemical interactions combination chemical physical interactions phases matter series investigations help resolve questions thermometer measures temperature thermometers reveal information relationships matter energy scientific instruments thermometers vary cost pennies hundreds dollars selection thermometer depends purpose need exact measurements variations temperature inexpensive thermometer investigation kinds thermometers thermometers doctors measure body temperature mercury alcohol thermometer temperature liquids alcohol mercury increased volumes increase amount liquid confined tube increase volume results longer column liquid longer column alcohol mercury higher temperature lower temperatures decrease length liquid column task calibrate mark temperature alcohol thermometer thermometer investigate properties matter involve chemical physical interactions
white light combination colors saw colors looked white light diffraction grating energy comes source light limited kind energy heat flame electric light cloudy sunburn feel cool visible light energy produces warmth sunburn examples electromagnetic energy sun million kilometers earth energy sun electromagnetic energy travels space kinds energy types electromagnetic energy shown electromagnetic spectrum figure radio television radar signals travel transmitters receivers low energy electromagnetic waves infrared radiation electromagnetic wave absorbed matter heat produced waves infrared visible light energy waves radio television radar ultraviolet rays rays electromagnetic waves greater amounts energy microwave infrared radiation cooking food infrared radiation heat buildings sunlight electric lights part requirements normal living ultraviolet radiation killing disease organisms gamma rays rays energy travel solid objects visible light penetrate detect treat cancer rays industry find hidden cracks metal medicine reveal broken bones
science human activity human minds hands hunches science scientists explore universe universe smallest atomic particles largest distant planets stars realm science scientists universe includes living non living matter interactions occur forms kinds phases matter isaac newton purpose scientist sail oceans unknown discover islands truth jerome bruner american psychologist disagreed maintained scientists explored unknown invented islands truth ideas merit universe matter energy interact consistent ways true humans discovered interactions humans invented expression relationships laws theories models express believe scientific truth idea truth runs stormy waters scientists interested pure knowledge universe truth applies human existence accused inhumane scientists experimented atomic power accused persons responsible atom bomb persons scientists caused deaths scientists defended saying discovering truths atoms consider responsible truth
vincent van original painters originality symptom madness personality apparently stranger later paintings bizarre frightening paintings showed rings light circling sun stars realized van painting exactly saw circles light sources symptoms advanced glaucoma disease eye leads blindness van behavior result madness awareness going blind painter van scientist tools paints paints artists canvases possessed vision originality remained fresh artist frederic remington painted beautiful exciting pictures early american west tools artists techniques remington trained missed high speed cameras remington discovered horses galloped feet ground gaits horse foot ground criticized paintings inaccurate later high speed photographs proved course experiences science art lessons
picnic recently arrived picnic grounds able tell things left showed scraps food knife smoking fire able tell figured eaten lunch things left words discovered things traces left battle careful leave traces leave camp enemy camp traces tell important things single empty shell tell enemy kind weapons carrying tracks tire marks give enemy idea equipment soldiers tell deal discovering small traces lived earth thousands ago ancient left traces skilled detectives put small clues discover ancient lived study earliest human beings scientists called archaeologists dig ruins ancient buildings towns look bones humans objects ancient
earliest civilizations developed valleys rivers soon moved places bodies water places land east mediterranean sea area generally dry narrow strip land shores mediterranean farming strip fertile soil fertile tigris euphrates valley form area shaped quarter moon area curves northern end arabian desert shape fertility area called fertile crescent map page peoples influence built civilizations fertile crescent phoenicians hebrews lived important trade routes invaded conquered lands fertile valleys nile tigris euphrates living ways farming phoenicians turned sea sailors hebrews raised sheep dry valleys mountainsides sailors phoenicians successful traders forests cedar grew mountains lebanon lands phoenicians wood build ships egyptians knew carpenters phoenicians port cities sidon tyre phoenician traders sailed ships mediterranean sea
america discovered europeans living america columbus reached native americans called indians spanish newcomers spanish believed reached india early explorers found traces highly developed indian civilizations early indians mexico gathered villages learned farm land ancient egypt height power native americans american indians likely north america asia believed ago asia north america connected land today narrow body water bering strait separates asia alaska early americans moved slowly south small number remained alaska canada united states columbus reached america percent native americans living central south america oceans early american europe asia africa americas rivers mountains native american groups developed languages cultures native americans lived land found inuit eskimos hunted wolves deer seal frozen north gave food clothing tools native americans lived warmer regions united states roamed plains hunt animals food raised corn squash
need law order want feel safe homes history shows ways find peace safety want early centuries roman empire peace forced peace strong oppose power roman armies safe downfall rome meant end law order europe law order modern nations born barbarian tribes peoples roman empire lived rough uncivilized turns invading empire rome small parts empire conquered tribes city rome fell empire ended tribes city fighting peoples war enemy fighting tribe ruled chief lived mud huts hunted fished living read write schools wanderers easily grew tired living place barbarians conquered rome roman culture end completely customs romans mixed customs invaders barbarians builders romans soon roads bridges broke travel unsafe roman legions protect travelers
europe stand rest middle ages goods wanted europe crusades asia europe asia closely linked trade grew result trade period european exploration discovery began early settlements india suffered series invasions west alexander reached india united hundreds northern india suffered invasions southern india highland region invaders found difficult conquer century india enjoyed period glory golden age gupta dynasty northern india united universities founded poetry literature written sanskrit early hindu language system numbers introduced hindu mathematicians decimals pi greek letter standing ratio circle circumference diameter part system ideas later brought europe arab traders supposed arabs developed ideas steel soap glass produced skilled workers india gupta culture carried east china burma island java huns barbarian tribe central asia invaded india century gupta rulers defeated
depend need power give need early middle ages rulers depended military support nobles rulers power weaker nobles depended help invention gunpowder helped change condition monarch firearms cannons defeat nobles horsemen destroy castle walls rulers gained power nobles merchants townspeople helped rulers gain power trade brought wealth town merchants give money rulers merchants common wanted end wars nobles trade difficult ruler laws traders merchants able travel safely money entire country help trade wanted ruled single monarch complete power thought governed rival lords fighting wanted order safety townspeople helped rulers giving money buy firearms cannons nations united ruler england island britain invaded times romans conquered britain ruled romans left angles saxons german tribes settled england
beginning renaissance century europeans looked admiration works greek roman writers artists thinkers improve works believed educated century outlook looked ahead past looked future improvements lives women social economic classes change ways thinking matter change things change brings century scientists discovered natural laws governed happened earth thinkers began believe government society follow natural laws scientists popular monarchs nobles fashionable rulers nobles pay scientists gave places scientists believed testing ideas reasoning carried government ideas caused question wisdom laws rules society governed century began accept true reason understand reasoning believe century called age reason writers centuries wrote rights john locke england late century stated natural rights
napoleon bonaparte master europe born island corsica italy died island st helena later frenchman virtue napoleon changed course european history honest means reach goals napoleon married josephine woman high social position marriage doubt helped career started paying attention young army officer defended national convention paris mob result put charge french armies italy austria short napoleon defeated austria sardinia success national hero invaded egypt hoping cut england trade route india french fleet defeated lord nelson battle nile napoleon troubles egypt caused weaker worry napoleon saw problems french directors home napoleon fighting egypt french armies lost european land won earlier blamed leaders napoleon hour returned quickly france overthrew directorate ruler france france supposedly remained republic napoleon actually ruled dictator dictator napoleon began carry reforms france
hundred ago government england parliamentary democracy today hundred ago france ruled absolute king france revolutions kings republics government france reasons french rulers modern times refused allow democratic reforms revolted gain democracy france wars government strong german armies invaded france times single century franco prussian war war war ii franco prussian war war ii french defeated defeat war meant end whichever government power history france revolution story sudden read french revolution began page read short revolutions reform france metternich era revolution louis philippe french king forced leave country french republic formed elected president louis napoleon nephew naploeon bonaparte napoleon magic word france napoleon uncle wanted emperor president
early century english factory workers lost jobs fired employers bought machinery job workers angry broke factories smashed machines early days industrial revolution workers learned methods longer start riots machines join labor unions labor union group workers try management give pay shorter hours improved working conditions try things collective bargaining means employers sit union leaders talk worker demands bargaining fails unions strike methods natural labor unions begin england industrial revolution factory system begun easy set labor unions british afraid labor unions mob violence parliament passed combination laws laws labor unions formed labor strikes crimes parliament ended laws labor unions growing numbers members appeared british labor unions grew stronger able parliament pass laws improve conditions factories mines labor unions england formed british labour party labor unions beg parliament pass factory laws
discovery america columbus europeans interested exploring settling care africa closer europeans saw niagara falls north america saw victoria falls africa hundreds europeans called africa dark continent knew european explored middle africa fact knew africa nile river began portuguese explorers explored coast africa century interested africa looking sail wanted reach india china east indies spice islands africa huge roadblock standing trade east voyage africa europe india sailing ships stop african coast fresh water food group dutch businessmen decided idea set colony africa formed dutch east india company ships landed settlers cape town southern tip africa cape town important european settlement africa south sahara desert set north american colonies settled weather south africa pleasant soil farming result dutch settlers cape town
nations angry hide anger thing happens anger explodes nations europe growing angry hid anger explosion war countries agreed help case war germany austria hungary italy agreed join fought war called agreement triple alliance britain france russia afraid triple alliance formed group called triple entente french word entente means agreement reason countries europe angry wanted colonies recall european nations race colonies africa asia happened countries wanted territory germany france wanted control morocco north africa france finally took morocco colonies germany ready start war britain promised help france war started germany decided idea begin war germans forgive french learned race nations colonies called imperialism nations wanted colonies colonies helped trade
american cities today hear say buenos dias morning adios goodbye signs store windows say bodega grocer carniceria butcher spanish speaking million united states live large numbers american cities york los houston miami united states end war ii spain countries south central america mexico caribbean islands region known latin america late century africa asia divided colonies european nations europe latin america monroe doctrine united states acted policeman western hemisphere united states kind imperialism latin america united states won victory spanish american war war took islands puerto rico cuba spain later cuba independence puerto rico remained part united states revolution panama united states helped rebels win independence colombia panama gave united states build panama canal american business companies large investments latin america businesses danger united states marines protect
read amazing headlines newspapers astronauts walk moon achievement hundreds scientists end war ii scientific achievements numerous modern age thought era scientific revolution learning space knowledge universe grown learned things biology medicine chemistry learned nuclear power peaceful purposes learning power sun beginning develop methods ocean waters drinking irrigation farmlands exploration space exciting scientific developments began war ii germans developed advanced rockets war soviet scientists continued rocket experiments surprised putting satellite orbit earth american scientists quickly joined race develop missiles explore space russia united states developed missiles travel thousands miles carry atomic hydrogen bombs place earth nations weapons ability destroy minutes satellite space spaceship carrying orbit earth
let eat families today celebrate going eat restaurant kinds choose french greek german restaurants russian tea rooms english chop houses italian restaurants serve pizza mexican restaurants serve tacos eating places serve southern fried chicken hamburgers chinese japanese indian restaurants serves kind food eating places examples kinds cultures food course thing makes culture regions speak languages dress differently hold religious beliefs enjoy kinds dancing music art literature drama traditions social customs ways celebrating birthdays weddings mourning funerals globe live ways ways living cultural differences cultural differences important force history beginning civilization affected exchange ideas goods knowledge cultures parts globe contact group richer learned mixing cultures forces progress civilization helped bring humankind stone age today
studies archaeologists show earth evidence shows homes central africa point early earth began leave homes began move rest sure studies show times huge sheets ice moved poles large parts earth thousands moved movements ice called ice age believed began ago fourth ended ago ice age began reached hills plains northeastern asia archaeologists agree found americas exactly groups moved northeastern asia americas known archaeologists believe early beginning ice age ago archaeologists point american artifacts show technology skill making tools objects known point technology northeastern asia ago archaeologists agree believe americas ago
white north america indians living united states canada groups societies cultures ways living indian societies group physical environment geography place lived culture reason groups living environments cultures culture determined entirely environment happened groups indians cultures lived general area number scholars say columbus culture areas indians north mexico shown map page wide differences area discussed examples areas treated pages follow extent environment affect society culture abundant rainfall area atlantic coast mississippi river white area covered huge forest rivers game indians favorable environment eastern woodland indians culture group wide differences ways lived area shown map covers england part canada winters cold
english colonies america developed differently european powers true historians provide answers question views haring author spanish empire north america wrote physical geographic circumstances conditioned formation settlements extent types society created historians charles mary beard suggest spain rome conquered exploited english force circumstances driven line expansion lust gold spanish geographic area fell hands yield precious treasure beards point french wasted money resources foreign wars saying money labor france living reality mere dream destroyed futile fighting study chapter questions mind france spain succeeded establishing control north america english colonies north america prosper continents islands earth inhabited official explorers asian origin discovered occupied americas prehistoric times written history centuries generally accepted fact idea christopher columbus discovered today social scientists think occasional landings coasts western hemisphere discovery columbus
colonies unite face french threat british stepped carry war saw stop french lose north american interior english army aid colonists british soldiers prepared frontier fighting disastrous defeat general braddock fort duquesne pittsburgh pennsylvania showed clearly surprised ambush frightened war whoops british soldiers badly beaten braddock killed braddock defeat beginning british losses tide turned prime minister office england able william pitt british military efforts improved important victory british commander general wolfe defeated general montcalm plains abraham captured quebec soon montreal fell british war north america european fighting continued peace settlement delayed treaty paris ended war english gained canada gained land east mississippi orleans spanish gained florida return spain orleans louisiana land west mississippi rockies france lost north american empire england spain important result french indian war french indian war important consequences colonies
britain tried regain control colonies british government acted colonies reacted resistance stronger sides atlantic mixed feelings angry sympathetic stunned clearly british understand colonists colonists understand british sides misunderstood misjudged things happened pointed direction separation colonies mother country colonists liberty empire longer thirteen colonies find liberty establish rights generally attitude colonists britain intolerable acts gave committees correspondence write bostonians found colonies sympathizing massachusetts massachusetts virginia called colonial meeting september delegates colonies georgia met continental congress group fifty impressive present adamses massachusetts john jay york patrick henry george washington virginia radicals moderates equal attendance members adopted declaration rights grievances saying obey king refused accept parliament tax continental association members stopped exporting importing britain formed
order reconciliation place sides willing talk arrange terms satisfy talking arranging called negotiation sides negotiating stage question willing give side exactly wants dispute happened place side wanted things sides compromise meet halfway demands early attempts reconciliation revolution important investigation offers answers offers help understand later reconciliation efforts offers answers received excerpts presented pages follow negotiation compromise part reconciliation relations britain colonies strained intolerable acts led meeting continental congress half members favored reconciliation wanted continue resistance british repeal acts congress declaration parliament listed colonists rights requested repeal acts rights ended stating things americans going protest inhabitants english colonies north america rights entitled liberty property ceded sovereign power dispose consent
united states entered war members congress millions american believed country danger protect country congress passed espionage act law crime write say print government joseph schenck think united states whar think government draft army schenck wrote printed pamphlet told thoughts war draft mailed copies pamphlet drafted pamphlet schenck claimed draft law unconstitutional thirteenth amendment argued draft law slaves drafted slavery forbidden thirteenth amendment pamphlet schenck war fought reason money businessmen sold war supplies schenck telling draftees refuse serve armed forces schenck arrested breaking espionage act government charged schenck weakening country telling draftees serve armed forces strong army navy government country lose war destroyed schenck lawyer argued amendment gave schenck freedom speech freedom press free say write pleased
americans gained independence earn respect nations europe looked america saw thirteen disunited states place thirteen colonies european powers reasons hoping united states strong nation united states politically independent economically independent britain controlled america trade spain want united states strong spain feared colonies revolt united states france america revolutionary war ally eagerly welcome united states family independent nations wrote thomas jefferson lowest obscure diplomatic tribe government constitution hoped change europe opinion united states european powers view united states washington term office attention focused domestic affairs term beginning foreign problems received attention party divisions beginnings domestic struggles loud bitter foreign affairs revolution began france american reaction favorable french americans viewed american fighting liberty french king queen executed reign terror thousand beheaded period france declared war britain spain
feelings running high president andrew jackson vice president john calhoun attended jefferson banquet south carolina threatened withdraw union federal government insisted protective tariff calhoun south carolina supported jackson born south carolina stand important issue jackson soon gave answer called give toast rose looked calhoun federal union preserved calhoun surprise quickly recovered responded union liberty dear president vice president showed opposite sides jackson insisted union preserved costs calhoun insisted states formed union free leave wished views mind read chapter remember important problems nation faced read chapter consider questions sectionalism arise united states show common gain greater voice government results war nationalism unity called period era feelings major sections united states developing
phrase peculiar institution describe slavery south ago phrase mean things historian kenneth stampp thought slavery united states peculiar middle nineteenth century societies outlawed slavery society based idea created equal practiced section briefly examine history slavery america revolution civil war show deeply south committed slavery section explore growth antislavery movements arguments defense slavery historian kenneth stampp call slavery south peculiar institution democratic mood created revolution lead rise antislavery feelings especially north changing economy north reason decline slavery vermont outlawed slavery pennsylvania massachusetts massachusetts supreme court held slavery violated born free equal clause constitution states moved quickly nearly fifty revolution northern states laws abolished ended slavery slavery north decline revolution historians believe slavery dying south immediately revolutionary war ask slavery dying slave states begin abolishing
nation approached problems arose demanded solutions pressing issue expansion slavery lands acquired mexico differing views solutions offered emotion charged issue agreement difficult compromise finally worked accepted issue settled temporary truce attitudes beliefs changed northerners southerners continued grow views issue nation approached question permit slavery territories plagued united states slavery forbidden northwest territory page missouri compromise settled question louisiana territory slavery forbidden northern territory land north compromise line exception missouri free territory states continued enter union balance maintained free states slave states treaty ended mexican war united states acquired territory question arose slavery permitted lands basic views question group mainly northerners congress prohibit slavery territories group led john calhoun supported southerners held view congress prohibit slavery territories
constitution confer congress power interfere slavery states admitted parties confirmed judicial decisions origin federal government doctrine emphatically recognized house representatives days washington session congress called question abolitionists order furnish pretext assaults southern slavery appeal law higher constitution slavery according grievous sin god human constitution rightfully shield destruction sinful live political confederacy tolerated slavery states composing doctrine higher law preached pulpits disseminated spread numerous publications england regarded contempt misguided fanatics ere enlisted numerous enthusiastic partisans animated indomitable zeal deemed holy constitution granted congress power slavery states abolitionists obliged resort indirect means constitution accomplish object powerful slavery agitation agitation conducted numerous slavery societies scattered north organization planned conducted greater skill foresight eventual accomplishment object
english critic sydney smith ridiculed americans asking quarters globe reads american book goes american play looks american picture statue original writing art america plenty material writers artists sources soon americans sources frontier indian blacks puritans land eventually subjects american books paintings songs section examine growth american style literature art forms especially period study section consider americans continued deserve criticism sydney smith sydney smith criticism true america today nation early americans lacked confidence tastes ideas tended imitate european styles arts literature attempt create events brought change war helped americans break ties europe pride accomplishments addition growing belief democracy worth individual encouraged artists writers express finally growth american industry commerce provided money leisure enjoy literature arts american style began emerge growing pride america encourage development arts literature washington irving proved read american book
course human events dissolve political bonds connected assume powers earth separate equal station laws nature nature god entitle decent respect opinions mankind requires declare impel separation hold truths evident created equal endowed creator unalienable rights liberty pursuit happiness secure rights governments instituted deriving powers consent governed form government destructive ends alter abolish institute government laying foundation principles organizing powers form likely effect safety happiness prudence dictate governments established changed light transient experience hath shown mankind disposed suffer evils sufferable abolishing forms accustomed train abuses usurpations pursuing invariably object evinces design reduce absolute despotism duty throw government provide guards future security
powers delegated united states constitution prohibited states reserved states judicial power united states construed extend suit law equity commenced prosecuted united states citizens citizens subjects foreign electors meet respective states vote ballot president vice president inhabitant ballots person voted president distinct ballots person voted vice president distinct lists persons voted president persons voted vice president number votes lists sign certify transmit sealed seat government united states directed president senate president senate presence senate house representatives open certificates votes counted person greatest number votes president president number majority number electors appointed person majority persons highest numbers exceeding list voted president house representatives choose immediately ballot president
able feeling plants trees loved grandfather tenderness showed morning sitting veranda steps noticed tendril creeping vine trailing steps sat soft sunshine north indian winter saw tendril moving slowly grandfather gazed fascination twenty minutes later crossed steps touching grandfather feet scientific explanation plant behavior light warmth liked think moved steps simply wanted grandfather felt drawing close sat beneath tree feel lonely soon grandfather joined garden happy place tree friendly grandfather served indian forest service natural understand trees retirement service built bungalow outskirts city dehra planting trees lime mango orange guava eucalyptus jacaranda persian lilac fertile doon valley plants trees grew tall strong grandfather sixty lean active rode bicycle speed stopped climbing trees top jackfruit tree unable
ouch cried steve pasqual scalding mouth slice pizza going linda linda perez finished sipping lemonade asked mean look friend re going cousin middle solid weeks mean surfing skateboarding movies re going chase butterflies put feet coffee table pointed framed photo wall showed linda cousin carmen mugging camera patio linda house look goofy kid pigtails freckles baggy blue jeans country cousin saw listen stevie carmen hick linda defensively nice girl lots fun visit picture ago eleven sure look anymore don mused ironically say idea spending weeks backwoods boy mocking outburst carmen perez fact met angry linda going part summer later afternoon sleek bus rolled california highway linda peered green tinted window dampened enthusiasm
medical discoveries study research casually result observation facts known heeded edward jenner discovery vaccination prevent smallpox listened talk country folk gloucestershire learning country doctor jenner smallpox terrible scourges afflicted known china india turkey egypt europe especially virulent american colonies disease struck lightly leaving patient face scarred pockmarks left patient blind deaf insane person stricken smallpox died wonder ages dreaded feared east doctors efforts prevent lessen impact disease inoculating healthy persons lymph suffered lady mary wortley montagu wife british ambassador turkey saw constantinople husband wrote enthusiastic letter friend mary chiswell describing inoculation going tell thing sure wish smallpox fatal general entirely harmless invention grafting term give
fortune sam rode donnell ranch spring air hearts john martha heavy watched sons disappear distance brave thing boys john donnell brave yes martha answered foolish young travel indian country boys sixteen re forgetting martha fortune indian john turned enter house boy takes find important martha cried important proud boy john simply martha sighed fortune small child wanted asked hundreds questions answer tell found asked maybe think haven remembered begin joined small wagon train fort laramie going montana territory settle sam born laramie waited wagons leave fort laramie turned bozeman trail north passing big horn mountains families farmers ranchers seeking lands build homes thought indian troubles
career mining engineer common success stories founded accident comparison mine success story engineer flop glorious weeks flushed glory triumph sc excited publicity received woman graduate mining engineering university wisconsin generally top completely forgot reason acquiring extraordinary diploma actually took job mining company facts simple stark meant mining engineer thing complete misunderstanding age seventeen earnest plump young woman annoyed parents insistence going college felt destined art installed university wisconsin study enrolled college letters science belonged offered mixture language literature history science thought culture required science course led astray half term freshman geology stirred try chemistry heard chemistry professors wisconsin teacher kahlenberg tried class ran small difficulty
beginning oldman children hugged knees pulled closer fire strange shadows ran caves tell dog stay thought onehand tell stole fire women drew closer enjoying children fire rahmoon onehand mother thought fearfully winter sickness killed left onehand arm paralyzed hanging stiffly lifelessly side snow fever death oldman began story ago children newness spirit father gave child moon toy played bored throw farther laughed replied farther rabbit hops threw shining toy sky stayed moon threw hard broke sky stars children unhappy losing beautiful toys cried cried tears lakes valley spirit father angry wasting gifts changed mountain snows mountain smokes oldman paused smoke curling head treat spirit father gifts care onehand crawled sleeping skins warm fire story gift spirit father give wondered
girl walked hall plants home don want holding pot aralia spinosa latin science experiment larry laughed wouldn plant actually nice specimen spinosa entrusting mark larry talks secret experiment mark fail put hand going larry asked eat lunch water week put east window yeah yeah took damp feeling clay pot leaves shiny thorns stems took aralia spinosa home walking hunched tom dick george wouldn plant start asking funny questions put windowsill started playing records put earphones sound loud parents ideas habit saying turn thing mark pretty soon saying turned gave phones ear guitars meet middle percussion live
girl wandered farmyard woods looking found wild grapevine swung rope brothers sisters play lonely heard voices ahead walked soon saw moving woods gathering wild grapes women children small group knew settlers woods look seen language strange indians mother warned indians stole white children saw home women turned saw smiled kind smile maria stood hesitating woman held bunch grapes ate show safe maria took bunch ate rest drifted group realized cluster mat covered houses arranged face east woman grapes stooped entered lodges maria inside woman turned saw fair haired girl dress barefoot father river landing trade shoes
newspapers calling mcgill house chestnut grove villa mary celeste chief inspector charles luke noticed similarity mysteries shook telephoned famous detective albert campion asked met sun discreet pub suburban high street stood talking small parlor deserted stories alike luke height career dark muscular high cheek boned packed energy forcing home points characteristic gestures hands read rehash mary celeste mystery courier morning threw ship chestnut grove semi detached suburban house desertion stories virtually half eaten breakfast left table case uncanny campion quiet fair horn rimmed glasses stood listening affably habit usual looked vague ineffectual shadier corners europe took seriously hours late moment appeared faintly amused thumping force luke enthusiasms tickled think happened mcgill couple ventured heavens policeman opened small black eyes widest tell tale classic mystery mary celeste
woke trumpet blasting sounded white cliffs dover rivington street live woke violin times trumpet morty gundy play violin mother preparing jascha heifetz father left job mink shop war drove milk truck routes carried unbreakables cheese butter carry empty bottles truck war gas tires hard gave milk business took job mink shop sits sewing machine sewing minks rich person mink coat works hard money live sunday spite blue laws say stores businesses closed sunday observant jews father saturday sabbath hard lose days pay week works sunday ticket pay fine someday laws changed father says jews able observe sabbath able week
young women class welcome female medical college philadelphia decided medicine worthy fitting channel energies conviction led lies hard road watched judged society believes female studies medicine lose qualities woman strongly disagree feel women play worthwhile role believe women patients women doctors fill vital need help women alike enjoy health care watch listen continue learn schooling congratulate choice sacred challenging valuable career ahead dr ann preston age gazed audience short ago sat listening hall student class medical college revolved school soon graduation professor college women students allowed hospitals dr preston worked hard raise funds women hospital place students practical training doctor believed expert nursing part medical care
doria ramirez eighteen school ten thirteen help parents morning pick potatoes didn liked cold leave school reason didn shoes sweater winter knew didn money couldn say papa need shoes saw children shoes knew change didn want sisters feel started thinking migrant worker worker shoes warm clothes mexican american children school father feel younger brothers working hard feeling tired age thirteen wanted position family paid piece rate big family think making money winter difficult large family father welfare
need judgment major snapped let roll think joking try let soak minute geared bug flank stopover incident wasn mentioned major drew settling sleep peter worried slowly mcivers don worry reckless impatient hundred miles schedule re moving slow forty miles drive major shook head don mean mcivers mean kid jack look stone shaking tractor rest lying wasn asleep body shaking convulsively saw grip outcropping rock hard walked sat water didn answer shaking hey boy trouble hot choking words sure hot don let throw re shape re snapped re rotten shape ask re going crazy fool going kill sure sudden bawling baby
psst psst mendelsohn wake mrs suarez low quiet voice mendelsohn fallen asleep large armchair living room grasped brown shiny wooden cane leaned forward chin chest small black skullcap neatly head tilted side covering ear late home tapped shoulder waited wake slowly lifted head opened eyes blinked asked midnight caramba didn shut lights saw sleeping sorry leaving short slow steps mrs suarez front door opening door tomorrow walked hallway stepped feet left stood door apartment mrs suarez waited holding door ajar carefully searched key lock open locks small fluffy dog standing mrs suarez began whine bark shh sh sporty stop walk shh mendelsohn finally opening door night mrs suarez smiled nodded night whispered shut doors simultaneously
mendelsohn hear feel comfortable called family spoke sister mrs wiletsky soon feeling sleepy nap wake don worry closed eyes thinking jennie soon esther rosalie sara smiled tired bed window bright warm sash sunshine covered completely nice warm thought feeling comfortable pain lessened practically disappeared mendelsohn heard birds chirping sporty barking mrs suarez let sleep wouldn wake knew looked warm planned tato walk later smart kid thought going rest sara things jennie women spoke packed items room opened drawers cabinets putting things boxes suitcases pictures bureau asked sara jennie walked looked photographs mama papa wedding picture look sara jonathan born esther look pictures entire family jennie burst tears
hike woods exciting adventure walked narrow trail wonder lay bend wish place person feelings explorer heart pages read explorers earlier times brave faced dangers searched lands seas discoveries changed history important ways today lives daring explorers journeys europe knew rest story begins atlantic ocean continent europe learn europe study map want compare map maps globes classroom map shows continent asia joins europe east think europe asia parts larger continent called eurasia south europe lies huge continent africa europe asia africa mediterranean sea thousand ago europe knew rest centuries europeans visiting lands mediterranean sea familiar western asia northern coast africa
autumn sitting dark prison city genoa italy telling thrilling adventures faraway lands asia sat crude wooden table writing story suddenly writer looked storyteller amazement heard unbelievable companion nodded head sharply told half seen marco polo captured soldiers genoa war fellow prisoner rusticiano smiled tall adventurer continued writing marco polo companion worked prison cell weeks passed genoa heard marco adventures distant lands visited listen thrilling stories months marco polo famous allowed live prison war ended marco polo completed book story book marco polo famous genoa venice soon copied hand languages europe eager learn mysterious lands asia hundred later marco polo book printed read europe hundreds marco polo book inspired search water route lands prince henry portugal read book marco polo convinced reach east sailing africa
small ships sailed westward atlantic ocean frightened sailors shivered grumbled mighty waves pounded ships crashed decks thankful commander promise turn tall white haired christopher columbus stood calmly quietly deck largest ship looking intently night notice grumbling sailors maps show lay ahead felt find seeking columbus heard high clear voice ship boy calling clock morning october suddenly sailor shouted land land moment silent true soon ships white sandy beach gleaming moonlight mighty cheer rose sailors thanks god columbus found westward route indies sun rose morning ships sailed beautiful green island columbus ordered anchor ships sheltered harbor ashore proudly carrying royal flag spain beach sailors met friendly brown skinned spaniards seen columbus thought india called indians indians watched amazement sailors knelt thanked god bringing safely land
spanish ships anchored tampa bay western coast florida ships hundred looked eagerly inviting green coast leaves palm trees swayed gracefully gentle breeze magnolias lilies grew calm peaceful tall columns black smoke drifted sky smoke signals indians lived florida coast indians warning arrival spanish ships tall handsome nobleman stood deck ship studied smoke signals hernando de soto leader spanish expedition de soto knew indians lived prove unfriendly afraid left homes spain portugal cuba search gold florida stop find fortunes die attempt de soto eyes blazed excitement turned companions indians seen fear dare attack armed horseback guides slaves carry baggage small group de soto ashore ordered waiting ships follow cheer rose eager begin searching gold
captain henry hudson hear angry voices crew turned look gathered deck small ship half moon sailors huddled shelter icy winds blew arctic ocean sail farther north shouted aye agreed sailors stepped forward captain hudson freezing hands feet numb cold afraid ship crushed ice want holland lose lives tall english sea captain share hardships afraid sailed northern ocean searching trade route china map page hope able sail northern europe reach asia dutch merchants hired eager find northern route east ships bring riches lands help discover route receive honor return holland shouted feeeze death captain hudson looked thoughtfully angry crew determined turn thought maps america cabin wanted search western route china coast north america
pine scented breeze ruffled waters channel connects lake huron lake michigan dim light early morning pale spirals smoke rose cluster indian lodges northern shore lodges log chapel small settlement jesuit mission saint ignace morning settlement saint ignace crowded noisy indian babies cried clung mothers dogs barked french fur traders dressed buckskins soft moccasins gathered small groups talked excitedly indian braves wearing deerskins necklaces dyed porcupine quills stood sandy beach watched curiously frenchmen loaded supplies birch bark canoes carefully smoked meat bags dried corn frail canoes muskets packages gunpowder bullets loaded nearby slim young dressed coarse gray clothing beaver hat kneeling beach louis joliet french explorer expert fingers joliet tied strips rawhide tightly soft leather pouch pouch held paper pens charcoal drawing maps writing reports pouch canoes carefully covered animal skins protect water putting bags beads canoes joliet ready journey lay ahead slender young priest walked slowly canoes
cold foggy afternoon august small ship named roosevelt steamed northward harbor coast greenland map page tall reddish hair steel gray eyes braced ship rail drew heavy coat tighter shoulders sheltered face salt spray brisk manner hard tell fifty american explorer robert peary planning going travel north pole reached goal forced turn saying try determined succeed standing peary handsome rugged looking black matthew henson peary assistant henson forty traveled peary journeys arctic regions peary knew henson ancestors tropical africa wondered henson able stand fierce cold arctic henson quickly proved worth brave hardworking cheerful face dangers hardships highly skilled driving dog teams pulled explorers sleds arctic snows peary henson expedition course peary brought american explorers crew twenty run ship
peary careful plan journey northward knew plan perfect detail mistake mean failure death north pole lay middle arctic ocean covered ice explorers dog teams walk nearly hundred miles jagged ice reach north pole return journey ran food tired fail left north pole person understood peary plan left cape columbia divided groups follow trail group travel northward separately leading group break trail ice snow tired continue group lead peary group knew save energy final part dangerous journey traveled northward group cape columbia peary group food left reach north pole end january explorers saw faint glow southern horizon arctic night ending weeks loaded sleds traveled cape columbia
january norwegians entered waters surrounding antarctica days later saw ahead gleaming wall ice rise sea ross barrier amundsen knew wall edge field ice covered ross sea map page reach south pole direction amundsen haul supplies huge cliff ice ship drew nearer explorers saw ross barrier hundred feet high steep glistening surface stretched amundsen knew huge chunks ice broke loose edge floated icebergs safe land carefully amundsen guided ship eastward bay whales map page explorers found part barrier moved amundsen believed ice rested land likely float norwegians found place bay edge ice twenty feet high amundsen ordered unload supplies set camp ship south america winter amundsen planned stay cold lonely ice field ready begin dangerous journey south pole
father drove buckskin ponies valley left homestead twenty miles rest kicked loose sod nonchalantly brother james spit dust father frontiersman locator trapper staying wilderness sandhills rattlesnakes meant thirteen james younger father sight ran shack twenty rifle climbed top south hill look hot days august saw scarcely cowboy meadow larks grouse dun coyote morning hillside neighbors spent hunting hills drying swamp valley hill north watering scrawny cabbages lower corner ragged breaking shack saw rattlesnake tilted sod found coiling tracks shallow dug caught faint smell dead things clings haunts diamondback knew rattlers hills father struck hand dreamed especially pitch shack holes windows door sleeping ground center breaking night awoke cold sweat blood pounding ears
going shore morning holiday young english boy stopped turning path looked wild rocky bay crowded beach knew mother walked front carrying bright striped bag hand arm swinging loose white sun boy watched white naked arm turned eyes frown bay mother felt swung jerry looked impatient smiled darling frowned conscientiously worrying amusements secretly longing busy imagine familiar anxious apologetic smile contrition running ran looked shoulder wild bay morning played safe beach thinking morning routine swimming sunbathing mother tired usual beach jerry quickly smiling unfailing impulse contrition sort chivalry walking path blurted look rocks
night thoughts going getting forward wind southeast push sun backs ball livid fire rolling horizon ending captain bartlett commander peary save eskimos ootah egingwah seegloo ooquah past looked realized position knew speaking demonstrate ordained unlock door held mystery arctic instant hesitation order push started trail captain cover farthest north push hundred thirty miles final destination captain rough going owing fact trail track short going shortly leaving turning point excellent distance trouble stopped lead barely frozen full twenty miles camped waited strong southeast wind force sides lead eskimos eaten meal stewed dog cooked fire wood discarded sledge owing wonderful powers recuperation condition
knew history junta mystery big patriot worked hard coming mexican revolution tardy recognizing junta liked drifted crowded busy rooms suspected spy bought tools diaz secret service comrades civil military prisons scattered united states irons border lined adobe walls shot sight boy impress favorably boy eighteen overlarge announced felipe rivera wish revolution wasted word explanation stood waiting smile lips geniality eyes big dashing paulino vera felt shudder forbidding terrible inscrutable venomous snakelike boy black eyes burned cold fire vast concentrated bitterness flashed faces conspirators typewriter mrs sethby industriously operating eyes rested instant chanced look sensed nameless pause
stooped negro trudged dust alabama road curiously rapid rate carrying armful sticks wild flowers sticks understand kindling seen black ambling road clock morning swamp roses wild geranium creeping buttercups mingled lot dry sticks closer saw wearing saggy coat originally green alpaca sun faded couldn sure color patches couldn material walking large brick building buildings tuskegee institute famous school negroes tuskegee alabama thin body bent hair white beneath ragged cap pathetically lost campus modern educational institution entrance building walking negro turned janitor told sincerely glad job kind stepped hallway saw trim secretary hurry bent negro heard say delegation washington waiting doctor carver dr george washington carver
evening october opening night audience playhouse york broadway watched fascination talented cast william gibson play miracle worker brought stirring chapter early helen keller final curtain audience responded thunderous applause moving memorable experience emotions drawn taut witnessed mind soul deaf blind mute helen pulled animal existence understand mark twain met helen keller young outstanding personalities nineteenth century napoleon traveled parts globe lectured thousands written books friends leading figures efforts annie sullivan teacher constant companion nearly fifty brilliant mind helen keller remained forever isolated island darkness graduated radcliffe college honors miss keller completed autobiography story story early success required reading students colleges high schools united states story triumph inspired millions playwright william gibson moved write miracle worker
clove seasons summer dead autumn born ibis lit bleeding tree flower garden stained rotting brown magnolia petals ironweeds grew rank amid purple phlox clocks chimney marked oriole nest elm untenanted rocked empty cradle graveyard flowers blooming smell drifted cotton field room house speaking softly names dead strange clear summer fled grindstone stands bleeding tree stood kitchen door oriole sings elm song die leaves silvery dust flower garden prim house gleaming white pale fence yard stands straight spruce sit cool green draped parlor grindstone begins turn ground remember doodle doodle craziest brother boy course wasn crazy crazy miss leedie love president wilson wrote letter nice crazy meet dreams born outset disappointment
minta hawley grew crisp golden early september remember poignant clarity remembered slapping sound waves pungent smell logs burning gulls soared swooped overhead remembered father face told began saturday minta lying bed extra hour breakfast lazy unhurried saturday mornings breakfast room minta father engrossed paper mother flying gayly colored housecoat mixing waffles frying bacon minta setting table talked casual happy talk love don conversation neighborhood doings items paper clothes minta need school couple weeks dishes finished minta father asked beach low tide clams minta nodded agreement mother face horrors clam chowder week sure wouldn mary minta father asked salt air help headache run curl apple television program yawned stretched looking young minta minta ran upstairs heavy shoes jeans
known story western literature theme tragic young love romeo juliet wrote drama popular theme thirty william shakespeare possibly known creating masterpiece appearing stage half centuries later scoffed suggestion play appeal influence ideas millions young persons romantic love inspire creation paintings music opera ballet musicals film poet playwright history english literature greater reputation william shakespeare actor undoubtedly helped write plays real audience appeal fully appreciate shakespearean play reading needs knowledge theater shakespeare elaborate stage sets seen present theater plays performed inns taverns courtyard rooms opening balconies overlooking yard performers set stage end yard audience afford sat balconies protected weather balcony roofs poorer spectators stood ground stage clowning buffoonery common stage productions groundlings restless
don tango complained won feel walking shut put mireault told course tango obeyed mireault half size clever tango tail put legs mireault spoke mireault tell looks whistle bad tango admit surveying mirror pushed mighty chest threw broad shoulders eel quick silent mireault working partner rarely opened mouth stirred speech boy handsome doubt tango noble sight policeman uniform cut measure tailor paris eyes looked brighter beneath visor jaunty cap looked intelligent stop gawking wipe dumb grin face mireault impatiently listen simple half wit maybe try hard regret tango turned mirror broad forehead wrinkled painful expression meant concentrating walk street mireault easy slow real cop beat hears working house won suspicious seeing
matter turned trapped endless maze apricot trees forever neat rows neatly planted row row blackest bars jail end trapped locked respite animal buckets crates piling higher brute felt surrounded pickers beast perspiring heavily shirt powder dry savage hot dry air hot dry air sucking drop living moisture brute body wreck stopped walked farthest end row water raised dented dipper brute tank drank holy water brute gulps wouldn savor letting spill torn shirt cool exhausted body replenish brute cells animal pores stinking follicles pig gristle truly refined wreck animal pleased predator lunch exhausted eat munched cheese tortillas smoked ashes lay cool ground half hour short rest hot shade replenished humor resolve felt spirit swell thirsty sponge water trees branches briary branches scratching leaves twigs tearing shirt sleeves
selection theme identity short legends die absorbing story tom black bull ute indian trapped ways utes white searches desperately answers questions belongs thin strips land southwestern colorado northwestern mexico southeastern utah clustered ute navaho reservations reservations administered bureau indian affairs department interior thousands original americans live nearly totally managed lives result white attempt civilize force stop young author hal borland knew utes spent considerable homeland area rugged mountains stream threaded valleys place highest peaks snow cover heat summer upland blue green aspen spruce pine gradually slopes muted green cedar trees sage brush finally leveling red ochre sandstone buttes desert secret reservation system successful achieving assimilation turned hostile barriers bigotry native americans mainstream united states native american clings precariously lowest rung economic ladder white herded native americans reservations style reflected rhythms rituals ancient columbus discovery
act play devil daniel webster called fantasy try stay limits reality fantasy draw believe characters setting plot reality mixed unreal interesting devil daniel webster printed act play form stephen vincent benet wrote short story published saturday evening post enthusiastically received benet soon story movie radio versions act stage play recently television drama shows tale found permanent place american folk legends play opens wedding celebration mary jabez stone centers attention steadfast love evident strongest character play daniel webster skilled statesman outstanding orator lived webster called american folk hero staunch believer ideals freedom democracy passionate defender union needed stood ready aid neighbor fight thought webster admired tales powers exploits told believed downright superhuman
faculty pilot incessantly cultivate brought absolute perfection short perfection faculty memory stop merely thinking thing eminently exact sciences scorn pilot looked times ventured deal feeble phrase think vigorous easily realize tremendous thing trivial detail twelve hundred miles river absolute exactness longest street york travel features patiently house window door lamppost big sign heart accurately instantly abreast set random street middle inky black night tolerable notion amount exactness pilot knowledge carries mississippi river head street crossing character size position crossing stones varying depth mud numberless places idea pilot order mississippi steamer trouble
frozen fruit handed chuck meeting girl eyes set coals toasting eaten sicken leaner stomachs meantime lecia set lunch box filled snow fire packed big sandwiches eyes children hands hung containers head divided sandwiches halves passed eat slowly cautioned blizzards days clear thursday longer bill listening chuck eating suddenly protested lunches moment teacher looked sternly boy chuck carried bus helped bad places helped shelter fire girl astonishment bickering complaint equal partners alive working comic books taught don think play remember storm called history book school children died storm short days places length holiday telling
scientist answers questions science detective develops hunch scientific call hypothesis hypothesis wild guess based knowledge scientist experiences based reading listening scientists hypothesis tested observations facts collected facts observations tested experimenting result investigations scientist develop theory theory explanation facts hypothesis facts fit facts arrived methods give results theory important exceptions begin talking scientific law gregor mendel century scientist studied heredity garden peas heredity passing characteristics parent offspring mendel able passing characteristics inheritance clear patterns observations predict tell advance traits characteristics offspring refer predictions mendel laws heredity lazzaro spallanzani found bats crash dark finished francesco redi discovered flies born living flies finished answer science temporarily
carpenter eye level try square measuring tape careful measurements cook estimate measures cups milk tablespoons sugar sets oven tongs spatula pans worker treasures tools help job faster cleaner carefully chapter learn tools biologist cook carpenter biologist needs tools obtaining answers scientist guessing dangerous errors eyes trusted chart fig eyes fool drawings called optical illusions look thing sense taste perfect sense hearing science needs precise answers instruments invented improve senses widely systems measurement english imperial french metric countries metric recently canada metric change scientific metric system called si stands systems international unites international system units dog birth litter puppies
early scientist rely eyes help study early instrument called microscope invented opened scientist robert hooke compound microscope look hooke looked microscope studied exceeding thin piece cork fig shows hooke drawing cork fig repeats hooke words description appearance living matter microscope person word cell hundreds scientists began examine bits plant animal matter microscope convinced living matter tiny blocks called cells hooke early scientists moved quickly discoveries cork cells hooke saw dead inside cells hooke saw outlines cork cells cell walls scientists studied living cells concluded living cells filled living material named material protoplasm saw thin cell membrane surrounding protoplasm scientists found small round denser part center cell named part nucleus later scientists began find parts cells evidence growing observation led hypothesis hypothesis led theory scientists announced cell theory
learned water known solvent solvent water carry materials diffusion water cells important bring dissolved materials cells diffusion solvent water membrane called osmosis transport water cells cell membrane osmosis look fig investigation set show osmosis note water molecules tube beaker water molecules beaker pure water solution osmosis water molecules move area water molecules area fewer water molecules water molecules move tube balance water molecules osmosis stop water rise tube reason number water molecules side membrane equal number molecules side osmosis stops cell balanced water pressure molasses molecules diffuse membrane produce balance live cells give water osmosis cell membranes control passage water simple experiment home peel fresh potato cut slices equal size equal thickness place slices glass cold sink water
learned closed circulation blood flows blood vessels tubes kinds blood vessels veins arteries capillaries vessel slightly jobs look part arm wrist elbow blue colored lines close skin veins walls veins elastic tissue veins carry blood heart blood veins dull red blood oxygen small veins join form larger veins join form large veins enter auricle heart blood flowing veins moved movements body muscles skeleton veins elastic valves stop blood flowing backward foot fallen asleep change position stamp foot circulation begins blood leaves heart aorta largest artery body aorta branches smaller smaller arteries reach body tissues arteries thicker walls veins elastic expand contract arteries carry blood heart bright red oxygenated blood force heart pumping keeps blood moving arteries arteries pulse heart felt tiniest arteries reach tissue narrow form capillaries walls cell thick
bodies produce waste products getting rid wastes called excretion exercise hard increase breathing respiration produces additional waste carbon dioxide perspiration urine carbon dioxide wastes feces solid waste digestion considered true waste part cells protoplasm feces excreted eliminated metabolism sugar fats produces carbon dioxide water waste metabolism protein produces wastes nitrogen wastes ammonia urea uric acid wastes inorganic salts especially sodium chloride nacl wastes poison cells tissues reason excretion keeps amount water bodies balanced protozoa hydra excrete wastes diffusion water excreted carbon dioxide inorganic salts ammonia green plants usual wastes carbon dioxide water materials photosynthesis diffusion cells wastes move air spaces stomata leaves oxygen plant waste produced photosynthesis earthworm wastes collected body fluid tiny tubes tubes water ammonia salts urea filtered wastes tiny pores section fig excretory tubes grasshopper located abdomen wastes diffuse blood tubules body
animals nervous systems show simple direct responses reflex act simplest nervous responses reflex act inborn present birth blinking eyes pulling toe pain simple reflex acts squirrel buries nut acting reflexes burying nut complicated simple reflex blinking squirrel nut mouth find place hide drop nut cover learn mother teach squirrels hiding nuts studies shown squirrel hide nuts seen squirrel result inborn act call inborn act instinct animal knows training acts instinct related survival tried tell person tie shoelace tying shoelace complicated act learned takes learned tie shoelace fast automatically thinking tying shoelace learned acquired act learned act automatic called habit things habits add numbers type play piano walk school drive car read book thinking actions involved
thousands believed arose nonliving matter belief frogs able develop mud nile river egypt idea flies decaying meat bacteria discovered thought simple creatures nonliving matter idea created nonliving matter called spontaneous generation spontaneous generation means creation usual means reproduction undeveloped young fly called maggots maggot looks tiny white worm found garbage short maggot develops fly believed maggots created garbage spontaneous generation francesco redi italian scientist person test theory spontaneous generation performed simple experiment shown fig read explanation diagrams admire simple redi disprove idea century microbes discovered including scientists believed microbes developed nonliving vegetable broths spontaneous generation lazzaro spallanzani italian scientist experimented disprove theory microbes arise spontaneous generation began boiling broth kill put boiled broth flasks left flasks uncovered sealed rest flasks tightly enter
reptiles class vertebrates includes land snakes turtles alligators water snakes cold blooded true land vertebrates live water breathe air reproduction developed need water complete cycle fish amphibians breed water reptiles birds show pattern breed land unlike fish amphibians birds reptiles internal fertilization males deposit sperm directly body female zygote begins develop mother body supplied stored food called yolk fertilized partly developed embryo surrounded tough protective shell egg deposited body warm protected place species leave eggs hatch species protect eggs incubate warm period development eggs hatch member species born reproduction common chicken bird reproduction eggs formed hen ovaries chicken forms eggs surrounded yolk ripened egg falls egg duct rooster places opening reproductive organs female opening sperms swim egg tube eggs fertilized egg moves tube glands deposit egg white yolk egg white called albumen
human faces differ person person family family race race science explain genes shape face pair genes shape size nose size head lips chin jaw controlled genes shape eyes kind eyelids type ears person inherited dominant genes ears dominant genes wide ears look carefully classmates earlobes attached side head caused dominant gene recessive gene forms earlobe attached side head tale tells chin dimple formed baby sleeps button chin dimple inherited hair types kinky curly wavy straight inherited traits controlled genes working biologist speaks race means group related traits race inherited species human homo sapiens wisdom human beings mate freely produce interracial going species mixtures thing pure race
smallest zoos variety animals small large fat furry fierce gentle soft bony chimp looks gorilla horse looks zebra snake head looks similar turtle head snake legs shell zoo imagine kinds animals earth park botanical garden vines shrubs trees towering oaks stand maples vines climb walls tree trunk soft stemmed plants hard woody trunks covered bark plants green leaves red yellow leaves plants flower beautifully colored blossoms tiny berries giant fruits thin silvery blades grass thick cactus fierce looking spines variety plants visit dog kennel dealing species common dog species look variety terriers dachshunds beagles airedales shepherds collies hundreds varieties species ready say naturalists learned species alike ways species produced series called evolution place evolution going earth formed billions ago
ready important questions evolution occur species extinct species arise species survive scholars aristotle tried explain evolutionary modern theory evolution proposed french scientist jean lamarck according lamarck traits developed animal reaction environment adapt acquired traits passed parent offspring gradually acquired centuries lamarck animal giraffe reaching shrubs trees reach food neck stretching passed offspring generation giraffe slightly longer neck hundreds thousands giraffe animal present giraffe hand organ shrink disappear snake legs human appendix examples lamarck theory called disuse lamarck theory accepted today experiments show acquired traits inherited look experiment page experience tight shoes produce small toes offspring shaven beards produce beardless shorn sheep produce lambs wool species plants animals adapt environment
found biome kind ecosystem animal part ecological balance nature yes part ecological balance depends plants animals population controlled food malnutrition famines controlled natural enemies parasites insects microbes epidemics intelligent animal learned control part nature intelligence blessing curse intelligence domesticated animals created agriculture harmed invented machines wipe populations industry polluted air water found drugs addicted cripple minds bodies let problems created solve biggest dangers overpopulation lack food surprise advanced knowledge poorly fed poorly fed metabolic upsets vitamin mineral deficiency diseases true north america europe australia fed compared places
big mess biosphere activities fouled air dirtied rivers lakes oceans left junkyards material crowd unpleasant look predicting late return cleaner feel unlesss move quickly kill including aware danger government special branch known environmental protection agency epa monitors environmental problems recommended action private groups national wildlife federation maintain environmental quality index study problems photos city los left view clear haze smoke dense foul air started air experts tell million tons waste poured atmosphere amount tons half exhaust pipes automobiles exhaust mixture carbon dioxide carbon monoxide sulfur oxide oxides nitrogen fine particles lead electrical generating plants burn oil coal source air pollution mighty jet planes pollute air pour carbon dioxide water vapor air faster wastes diffused air
beautiful lake michigan polluted fish dying longer healthful swim lake erie hudson river york dangerously polluted cuyahoga river ohio polluted caught fire general air pollution figure shows general water pollution water recreation pollution oil slicks outboard motors discharged water thoughtless dump garbage overboard oceans dumping garbage caused pollution detergents special enzymes chemicals phosphates dissolve dirt clothes detergents drained rivers lakes phosphates break act fertilizers drainage fertilizers creates similar problems phosphates nitrogen compounds released detergents fertilizers stimulate algae grow multiply fast rate algae die decompose oxygen water insects fish die lack oxygen entire carbon dioxide cycle thrown balance action bacteria live sewers destroy sewage cut chemicals dumped water source trouble read thermal pollution thermal heat hot water pours factories atomic energy plants rivers lakes
stated earlier scientists solve problem exactly general approach problem defining problem clearly observations form hypothesis explain observations hypothesis explain observations comes important part problem solving hypothesis tested testing setting situation conditions affect outcome observed measured carefully observed situation called experiment careful records methods data collected experiment repeated wish check results outcome experiment expected person experiment confidence hypothesis remember experiment prove hypothesis experiments say experiment attempt show hypothesis correct hypothesis shown wrong thought workable hypothesis theory think silly nillies game logical orderly try find secret scientific method problem stated supposed find silly nillies advantage scientist step solving problem define problem clearly
diversity living things earth ways living things alike living things need energy fact need energy part reason diversity differences arise living things meet need energy ways green plants able capture energy sunlight energy air water materials environment food need food need extra food stored contrast animals sunlight food food plants store energy eating plants animals eaten plants difference distinguish plants animals organisms sunlight produce food called plants organisms energy eating organisms called animals think oak tree suited getting energy gathering sunlight leaves flat light gathering organs present numbers spread tree sunlight falling tree strikes energy sunlight help food tree contrast oak tree meeting need energy pelican baleen whale pelican bird lives seashore
order understand widely accepted idea earth need look earth formed prevalent idea universe created giant explosion greatly condensed matter billion ago idea called big bang theory astronomers physicists found lines evidence supporting material thrown outward explosion formed clouds gas cloud began condense squeezed pull gravity heat pressure center cloud conditions starting nuclear reactions caused sun start giving huge amounts heat light billion ago rest planets moons small condensations remaining material center newly forming sun earth planets formed heavier atoms iron nickel settled middle lighter atoms hydrogen nitrogen oxygen carbon left surface combined form simple compounds early atmosphere earth water vapor combination hydrogen oxygen ammonia combination hydrogen nitrogen methane combination carbon hydrogen compounds found today atmospheres jupiter saturn uranus neptune
read page fungi fit plant animal kingdoms fit protist moneran kingdoms characteristics living things scientists think fungi separate kingdom fungi cell walls chlorophyll cell walls fungi plants plant cell walls cellulose fungi cellulose cell walls cell walls fungi chitin chitin substance makes hard outer skeleton insects found plant cells characteristic fungi reproduce forming special reproductive cells called spores ways spore function seed spore lands suitable place develops organism spore cell seeds cells fungi form spores ways spores kind fungus differ kind size shape color scientists differences tell kind fungus classify newly discovered fungi according fungi form spores fungi differ grow materials need grow studying differences led scientists think fungi kingdom major groupings
today scientists deal diseases diseases cured prevented case ago known treat diseases caused ago found prevent smallpox feared diseases caused virus chicken pox mild disease begins fever small red blisters forming face parts body blisters break open form dry crusts fall skin smallpox similar course smallpox disease smallpox died left badly scarred blind wonder trying find prevent ago noticed person smallpox observed cases smallpox milder observation led practice trying give mild form smallpox prevent getting deadly form unfortunately practice exposed mild form deadly form passed deadly disease late young english doctor named edward jenner noticed took care cows generally smallpox
unlike protozoans adult sporozoans structures moving share habit forming resting cells spores stage cycle called sporozoans sporozoans small living things form spores order help difficult times dry food conditions improve active remember sporozoans parasites kind sporozoan stands sickness protozoan parasite malaria disease brings chills high fever cycle sporozoan studied order find control malaria generally spread places climate warm humid habitat anopheles mosquito mosquitoes hosts parasite malaria parasite live part cycle anopheles mosquito part person mammal male anopheles mosquito harm feeds nectar flowers female feeds human blood bites injects saliva blood vessels skin victim substance saliva keeps blood clotting mosquito carrying parasites blood saliva
amphibians interesting animals study form link animals live water live land young live water breathe gills fish adult amphibians live land lose gills breathe chiefly means lungs order reproduce amphibians return water closest fish relatives amphibians thought ancient coelacanths fish lobed fins crawl wetter places ponds living dried nostrils opened mouth kind lung breathing air adaptations steps living land coelacanths found fossils imagine excitement fish caught coast south africa found coelacanth present coelacanths found unlike ancient fish fish live deep water lungs breathing early amphibians coelacanths able lead active land pairs legs fins moving kinds amphibians found today kind caecilians live underground burrows means blind lizard small eyes legs look worms
unusual fossil found bavaria head tail teeth lizard wings wing fingers claws figure animal left fossil classified reptile head tail reptile reptiles past wings animal left fossil unlike known reptile revealing bones animal fossil impression clearly showed animal feathers reptiles feathers birds animals scientists believe fossil early primitive bird form ruling reptiles present birds archaeopteryx ancient wing finding fossil archaeopteryx stroke luck birds fossils skeleton bird fragile undergo fossilization present birds body similar reptiles bird body reptile bird warm blooded animal spend basking sun raise body temperature kind thermostat brain regulates bird metabolism helps constant body temperature bird feathers protect body loss heat
algae celled organisms live independently joined cells green algae cells join form strings cells filaments clumps cells colonies strings clumps cell carries functions groups cells thought celled organisms protists group cells organized tissues thought celled multicellular organism organism divided cells job holding organism place cells function collecting sunlight carry photosynthesis plants multicellular organisms simplest plants algae remember green algae celled form filaments form colonies algae classified plants cells organized form tissues part chapter study multicellular algae true plants tissues algae plants brown algae red algae green algae structure multicellular algae differs widely species algae vascular tissue specialized cells form simple organs multicellular algae live water attached shell rock sand think algae ribbons cells bottom cell cells ribbons holding algae stay place
learned cells cells fact microscope actually watch cells divide cells produced cell divides called daughter cells daughter cells look parent cell able carry functions parent cell basis genetic continuity chromosomes nucleus store kind information daughter cells receive number chromosomes parent cell daughter cells function correctly die order daughter cells number chromosomes parent cell parent cell chromosomes duplicate cell divides action makes sure daughter cells kinds number chromosomes parent cell dividing eucaryotic body cell referred cell division kinds body cells undergo cell division instance body cells fruit fly undergo cell division ten minutes hand cells body need days divide parts cell division mitosis cytokinesis mitosis process nucleus cell divides form nuclei number kinds chromosomes parent cell
mendel wrote research findings scientists ready report forgotten devries holland currens germany tschermak austria discovered mendel discovered learned mendel began bring results attention sutton compared mendel studies known chromosomes mendel thought factor trait present gamete parents sutton pointed end meiosis sperm egg formed kind chromosome mendel thought offspring factors trait sutton showed fertilization formed organism chromosomes gametes sutton point similarities chromosome research mendel ideas sutton called mendel factors genes led sutton believe factors small units chromosomes idea called gene hypothesis unfortunately sutton prove hypothesis biologist named mcclung examined grasshopper chromosomes believed found accessory chromosome determined sex future grasshopper biologists stevens wilson discovered accessory chromosome mcclung found pairs female cells stevens named chromosome examining cells chromosomes seen clearly found male cells chromosome paired chromosome
studies living things garden pea fruit fly showed biologists genes control living thing traits experiments biologists wanted genes control cells determine traits living thing sir garrod reported results studied problems metabolism word metabolism processes involved food body releasing wastes body garrod found illnesses caused enzymes enzymes remember proteins control chemical cell enzymes person carry metabolism properly garrod found enzyme present person missing gene words felt relationship exists genes enzymes americans proved relationship genes enzymes beadle tatum working pink bread mold called neurospora mold food needs enzymes neurospora wrong enzymes food needs mold grown special foods alive kind food neurospora needs shows enzymes missing beadle tatum decided rays change genes mold
tropical rain forest biome found central america south america central asia parts africa australia north america southern tip florida tropical rain forest rains tropical rain forests addition forests fairly close equator temperature stays result tropical rain forest humid florist greenhouse plant species tropical rain forest biome forests brazil find species trees square kilometer land rain forests trees grow close branches form thick cover meters high forest floor fairly dark keeps smaller trees shrubs getting started light reaches forest floor animals live animals spend lives trees include mammals woolly monkeys sloths squirrels bats spiders insects common parts tropical rain forests cut wood practice widespread produced farmland climate biome promotes quick decay result minerals part soil soon organism dies heavy rainfall washes minerals soil
imagine member prehistoric tribe travel lot living caves forests tribe moving order find food collected berries nuts roots food hunted animals order obtain meat tribes rarely stayed place left lasting marks environment ago early found travel found cut forests space grow crops raise animals began form small communities order water crops dammed rivers caused water drained land flooded large areas land planted crops area crops longer grow soil moved areas cut forests order plant crops land building homes schools factories land forests killed animals competed land food formed towns cities problems arose energy needed heat homes large holes dug earth bring coal
microscope important tool biologists person clearly object smaller mm range eye greatly increased enabling person objects small seen unaided eye commonly kind microscope shown figure parts microscope labeled read parts locate diagram real microscope microscope diagram compound monocular microscope compound lenses eyepiece ocular objective monocular eyepiece eye look microscope microscope diagram exactly alike similar able identify parts microscope microscope expensive precision built instrument common sense rules follow instrument pick carry microscope hands grasp arm microscope hand place hand beneath base placing instrument table handle microscope gently edge tabletop clear objects microscope substage lamp especially careful cord lenses expensive parts microscope ways easiest damage
small town small river small lake small northern part midwest wasn wilderness couldn town hand wasn town couldn feel touch smell wilderness town full trees dry grass dead flowers autumn full fences walk sidewalks skate large ravine tumble yell town full boys afternoon halloween houses shut cool wind town full cold sunlight suddenly night tree spread doors houses scurry mouse feet muted cries flickerings light door tom skelton aged thirteen stopped listened wind nested tree prowled sidewalks invisible treads unseen cats tom skelton shivered wind special wind night darkness took special feel hallows eve cut soft black velvet gold orange velvet smoke panted thousand chimneys plumes funeral parades kitchen windows drifted pumpkin smells gourds cut pies baked cries locked house doors grew exasperated shadows boys flew windows
front door opened pipkin stepped flew banged exploded stepped walk meet friends running wearing mask mask moving pipkin shouted scare uneasiness hi gang pipkin face pale tried smile eyes looked funny holding side hand boil looked hand took hand side faint enthusiasm ready yeah don look ready tom sick halloween pipkin kidding costume ahead catch pipkin wait pipkin saying slowly face deathly pale hand side stomachache asked tom told folks tears burst pipkin eyes tell look straight ravine head house okay place haunts yeah meet swear swear wait costume boys began touched elbow knocked gently chest ran knuckles chin fake fight okay pipkin re sure sure took hand side face colored moment pain
hey kind place asked henry hank witch mean house treats tricks saw tree christmas tree bigger candles pumpkins mean celebrate celebrate vast voice whispered chimney soot bellows windows house opened mouths moment sliding sliding announcing word celebrate breathings darkness yes gigantic whisper trembled candles pumpkins celebration boys leaped house windows closed brimmed pools moonlight maid cried tom suddenly bon leaves lay waiting fires gold boys ran dived huge lovely pile autumn treasure moment diving vanish beneath leaves crisp swarms yelling shouting shoving falling immense gulp breath seizing air boys yelped pulled invisible whip struck coming pile leaves bony white hand smiles hidden moment revealed slid upward white skull delicious pool oak elm poplar leaves thrash sink hide place boys wanted
gasping reached pyramid top waited vast crystal lens viewing glass spun slowly wind golden tripod gigantic eye bring places west sun smothered dying clouds sank moundshroud hooted delight goes boys heart soul flesh halloween sun osiris murdered sinks mithras persian fire falls phoebus apollo grecian light sun flame boys look blink turn crystal spyglass swing mediterranean coast thousand miles greek isles sure plain george smith dressed fancy pale ghost cities towns streets houses jumping porches bring food yes moundshroud beamed festival dead feast pots trick treat style tricks dead don feed treats laid fine banquets sill sweet dusk smells cooked meats steamed dishes dealt spirits smoked land living women children grecian homes multitudinous quantities spiced delectable victuals grecian isles doors slammed vast slamming echoed dark wind temples shutting tight moundshroud holy place greece double locked night look ralph mummy swung crystal lens light flared boys masks
samhain god dead shrugged let suddenly stiffened hidden boys moundshroud crouched rocks valley hill ran army roman soldiers troop double leader ran shouting soldiers rome destroy pagans destroy unholy religion seutonius orders seutonius samhain sky raised scythe late soldiers slammed swords axes bases holy druid oaks samhain shrieked pain axes chopped knees holy trees groaned whistled final chop thundered earth samhain trembled high air druid priests fleeing stopped shuddered trees fell priests chopped ankles knees fell blown oaks hurricane roared samhain high air yes cried romans soldiers gave final mighty blow samhain god dead torn roots chopped ankles began fall boys staring leaped giant forest falling fall shadowed midnight descent thunder death greatest tree existence tallest oak plummet die wild air screaming flailing hold samhain hit earth dropped roar shook bones hills snuffed holy fires
meet air tom snorted grief talk horrible directions horrible directions moundshroud sailing broom looked wet angry cat end mop witches boys hags crones conjure wives magicians black magics demons devils mobs riots boys skin eyeballs europe france germany spain night roads clusters mobs parades strange sinners running north scrambling southern sea jump run night dark moundshroud swooped low shouting mobs general leading fine evil troop quick hide lie low wait centuries hide wondered tom christians yelled voices roads answer tom blinked soared watched roads mobs ran stand farms crossroads harvest fields towns women toothless raving yelling sky brooms swept henry hank stunned witches dry clean soul hang dry re boy agreed moundshroud witches jumping fires witches stirring cauldrons tom witches drawing symbols farmyard dust ralph real mean thought real moundshroud insulted fell bramblecat broom
dark night street corner woman bearing shoulders twin scoops mounded charcoals burning heaps pink burning coals firefly sparks scattered blew wind passed bare feet left trail sparks died word shuffling corner alley carrying head lightly lightly small coffin box plain white wood nailed shut sides top box pinned cheap silver rosettes handmade silk paper flowers inside box boys stared funeral parade thought tom box yes thing inside box face solemn balancing coffin top head walked tall nearby church stuttered tom pip inside box think lad asked moundshroud don cried tom night seen gosh yeah clustering close shivering home don pipkin alive dead save lost late cried questions flew burst mouths welled eyes took hold moundshroud press answer yank elbows
home cried tom courthouse house halloween tree swooped courthouse thousand pumpkin burning tree final moundshroud tall house gables rooms gaping windows high lightning rods railings attics leaned groaned wind passage dust sifted windows greet shades flapped windows ancient tongues lolling diagnosed wind borne small doctors strange medicines ghosts withered white flowers furling unfurling moldered flags fell ruin shot house circled halloween cried moundshroud flapping antique arms webs black silks landed roof beckoned boys alight pointed immense sky window levels mansion boys gathered round skylight window stared stairwell opened floors times histories skeletons dreadful musics played flute bones boys look ten thousand flight trip place caveman egyptian roman front porch english harvest field boneyard mexico moundshroud lifted vast pane glass stairway banister boys ride age level
boys began drift saying night night night night night yes night lawn empty pipkin porch full candle illumination warmth baked pumpkin smell ghost mummy skeleton witch rest homes porches turned look town remember special night lives forget looked town porches especially ravine house top moundshroud stood spike roof boys waved porch smoke curling high moundshroud gothic chimney fluttered motioned waved doors slamming lock town slam pumpkin huge halloween tree snuffed dozens hundreds thousands doors banged pumpkins blind snuffed candles smoked delicious smokes witch hesitated shut door witch faced pumpkin tree dark mummy stepped house shut door pumpkin face mummy extinguished light finally boy town remaining veranda tom skelton skull bones hating wanting wring dear drop favorite holiday thoughts night air strange house ravine
hard imagine language harder imagine language developed growth language families early history english language latin french germanic languages contributed english growing changing europe group languages developing ocean america map facing page native tribes scattered north america language fact tribes languages shown map hundred north america central south america native american languages european languages sounds european languages words objects ideas part european culture put sounds ways european languages settlers north america england brought english language english speak today north america spoken britain happened change language pilgrims produce english pilgrims immigrants scandinavians irish eastern europeans later centuries
today speak english language language ago english started move native land north america india polynesia africa visited english speaking explorers traders united states canada islands british caribbean completely english speaking tradition english areas school systems set english main language british empire english alive powerful war ii late empire started break empire nations part britain held learned britain laws schools language british imports countries cases india country speaking languages english served common tongue helped unify nation historians say english important nation america power spread american business agriculture chemistry technology spread english american accent japan play beisbol chew gomma americana wear djins jeans france despite efforts universities newspapers stop flow english les nightclubs le weekend eat lunch le snackbar le drugstore
voice inform persuade explain amuse comfort spent learning voice wasted think announcements heard school poor essential information dull heard clear complete interesting memorable look announcements cake tomorrow wednesday recess lunch periods lunchroom sale delicious cakes baked class prices range slice cake cake sale earn money foreign student fund fund tomoko petra support foreign student fund satisfy longing finest cake tomorrow wednesday recess lunch bring dimes dollars lunchroom spend tomorrow big cake sale enjoyed foreign students school cake sale raise money expenses lunchroom don forget sure bring money explain class discussion announcements read list standards announcement
discouraging unbroken stretch print page write help readers enjoy understand saying group ideas paragraphs read composition notice especially numbered sections arranged prepared discuss composition late tuesday evening mother dad jeff ella decided circus town read evening bulletin silver circus train due railroad yards thirty morning according article elephants horses llamas parade market street convention hall excitedly piled car morning find place railroad drove yards didn train pull soon saw crowd looking bridge tracks parked car ran look silver train backing slowly seldom platform unload re high nearer train yelled jeff agreed piled car drove block street lower level parked soon saw circus train level immediately ran silver cars
experience makes conversation writing alive quickly real incident told experience incidents develop paragraph paragraph page illustrates begins sister lively nature impossible repress reread entire paragraph narrative descriptive paragraph paragraphs circus elephants tv incidents develop topics read study technique write topic sentence expresses opinion needs explained write mountains seashore vacation spot reader want think develop topic giving reasons explanations course facts examples incidents anecdotes reasons explanations support statement main job give reasons paragraph read follows mountains seashore vacation spot place climbing camping swimming mountain lakes healthful mountains danger ear infections salt water swimming danger overdoses sunburn mountains generally crowded beaches enjoys lost hodgepodge sun worshipers finally rich lower rental mountain resorts lure sea sand flies driven
saw chapter nouns pronouns say need verbs parts speech lessons chapter help understand nouns verbs form foundation english sentences speaking writing english sentences thinking easily partly heard producing sentences english sentence sounds thing sentence sounds complete generally drop pitch speaker voice short pause show end sentence demonstrate close book listen read paragraph aloud natural voice count number sentences famous humorist mark twain umbrella wanting rid threw trash trash collector returned twain hid umbrella bush boy found returned twain getting weary threw deep days later repairing returned rainy twain lent umbrella friend saw sentences paragraph page hear drop pitch slight pause end sentence
chapter learned paragraph unity saw paragraph stays subject ideas flow smoothly sentence type development applies paper composed paragraphs paragraph subject related paragraphs precede follow kinds stories nearly enjoys reading stories experiences step writing story choose subject write experiences delve memory bring specific details sights sounds smells tastes physical feelings recall emotions joy sorrow excitement disappointment anger frustration reproduce development specific real details holds interest reader want write directly happened experience story set place describe convincingly give character person combination qualities authors writing fiction write experience story told wrote exercise page quickly polished
likes read story conversation conversation makes writing alive makes characters real suppose assigned write story set school homeroom begin story room teacher fellows talking earnestly mary burtt asking violin quickly mary didn understand fellows explain donati principal appeared door asked speak told mary wait moment hurried room classmate explained sue absent needed play assembly morning mary agreed wasn sure play practice hand write room teacher fellows saying earnestly mary burtt violin quickly asked mary haven fellows called vigorous voice hall speak moment yes donati replied fellows seeing principal wait moment mary teacher hurried room listen mary explained classmate sue absent need play assembly morning try replied mary sure play program practice
moon shadow left mother china journeyed san francisco live father moon shadow seen windrider father worked laundry earn money hopes family soon windrider moon shadow saw special talents special dream wanted fly son assistance windrider decided leave chinese friends relatives dream true dreamers sacrifice dream receiving ridicule friends earn money send home china family longed early twentieth century windrider dream flying fabulous crazy living poverty working single minded purpose windrider moon shadow built flying machine compared notes wright brothers airplane experimental stages dragonwings based actual account immigrant china flying machine scant reports newspapers laurence yep created terms historical fantasy tried faithful period history lives chinese america paper list main parts story opening development climax closing read short paragraphs
ability study efficiently supervision keys success school important skills acquire school independent learner school easier able learning want able skills efficiently create setting study try arrange physical conditions including lighting comfortable chair quiet study determined purpose assigned uncertain ask teacher ready ask questions unsure students ask questions important study skill recognize remember ask concentrate allow dawdle waste budget figure need independent schedule write follow schedule help increase power study subject mind freshest save favorite subject dessert end reminder schedule include recreation exercise hard period break
taking notes article interview class discussion purpose notes aid memory notes full recall information need quick review reading deserts sentence modern irrigation making deserts grow abundant crops cacti sagebrush grew note mod irrig creates crops note irrigation modern irrigation makes rich crops grow cacti sagebrush notes help article death valley book encyclopedia field enterprises educational corporation sample notes paragraphs death valley lies east central california nevada border group pioneers named valley desolate desert environment crossed part death valley national monument set death valley deep trough miles kilometers miles kilometers wide lowest elevation western hemisphere badwater death valley lies feet meters sea level panamint mountains stand west valley telescope peak panamint range feet meters high amargosa range composed grapevine funeral black mountains rises east
centuries intrigued subject animal communication tried experiments teaching chimpanzees talk scientists discovered animals possess physical equipment human speech true progress chimps highly intelligent animals able hands combination traits led scientists try sign language results astounding text drawings excellent photographs book tells story chimps learned communicate meet washoe chimp frequently asked grammatical sentences hugged tickled washoe communicated sign language took granted knew sign language tried dogs cats chimps named sarah peony learned associate objects specific symbols later symbols manipulated chimps computer express complicated concepts limits chimpanzees ability human language begun explored talking chimpanzee returned wild pass knowledge human modes communication possibilities future explored reading writing chattering chimps give glimpse fascinating area research aline amon fascinated workings nature frequently travels distances observe rare animals loves watch whales canada tortoises iguanas sea lions galapagos islands
able language ye start uynlty able hear speech months able understand tones voice heard age babble tone patterns imitate language sounds heard began say things mama dada point age started put words sense understand saying began understand meaning sounds imitating age language recognizable knew sound patterns language grammatical forms mistakes effort accomplishment part development human continued growth ability language human communication spoken language full command language skills ability communicate enriched language knew answer question deal civilization spoken language developed written language written records tell happened
read sentences discuss purpose speaker saying thousand bats live cave speak softly terrible noise discussion suggested purposes speaker sentence wanted amaze listeners frighten sure general purposes sentences statement giving information ask question order obtain information request express feelings types sentences serve purposes declarative sentence makes statement ends period mushrooms poisonous interrogative sentence asks question ends question mark mushroom eat imperative sentence makes request command ends period eat mushrooms exclamatory sentence expresses emotion strong feelings ends exclamation point strange looking mushroom exclamatory sentences forms sentences declarative interrogative imperative show strong feeling putting exclamation point end firefighters want hurt watch snake interrogative sentences subject predicate natural order simple subject verb sentence won series special order subject predicate questions
fortunately speak dull characteristics voice speech production try apply important pronounce words correctly try improve voice speech listening classmates ways voice person voice friends recognize hear voice uniqueness voice determined organs speech shown chart top page vocal apparatus consonant sounds vowel sounds express human hundreds sounds speech organs english language forty main sounds thing notice stranger speech initial reaction sound voice enjoy listening find unpleasant heard expression voice nerves addition causing unfavorable reaction sharp shrill voice slow muffled weak voice detract important single characteristic effective speech voice quality qualities voice consider
writing school things happen things books read write reports social studies class science class write poetry kind writing worked school story writing writing called creative writing depend happened author saw events story action characters created writer chapter learn authors words imagination help create pictures reader mind try create effects enjoy reading story article exciting action ordinary acts suspenseful extraordinary marks writer ability write clear accurate descriptions action illustration facing page shows action passage rosemary story warrior scarlet read paragraph warrior scarlet dorothy sayers page prepared discuss cuneda sprang ring bronze bronze drem breaking free dagger leaped boy guard drew blood upper arm spring range drem felt hot flick pain side bull hide whip flicked
started story hold reader attention choosing details events alive writing interesting person place happening real reader adding details description dialogue help listing things happen suppose stolen continued saw walter walked fishing pool decided inflammatory rheumatism teacher let home mother put bed thought didn care died caught big carp pool merely telling story sherwood anderson shows happened reread beginning paragraph page read paragraphs notice anderson develops story walk fishing creek waterworks pond place pond spring water tumbling dam formed deep pool place big school spring morning wanted walter inflammatory rheumatism sitting fish pole hand
learn write write writing criticized knowledgeable person teacher write checking revising vital part learning process follow suggestions write paper check appearance paper teacher school requires standard format written sure follow exactly definite school class standards form sample page note centered title placement heading class date margins check paper capitalization punctuation capitalization punctuation require things knowledge rules care applying doubt point check rules review handbook pages check spelling doubt spelling word look dictionary check paragraphs indent word paragraph paragraph topic sentence sentence paragraph stick topic note teacher writes papers correcting mistakes revising poor writing important write correctly learn cases help write chance read paper ask person comments listen read paper aloud
things avoid write letter don start stating hate write letters don apologize poorly written letter rewrite don excuses closing letter don write anger unpleasant discuss wait calm write sure don letter gossip complaining telling unnecessary things merely reader unhappy study excerpts letters prepared discuss think excerpt acceptable boy younger brother soon home start borrowing things stay stuff child parents end sheet approaching books stop excuse messy letter friend moved molly writing friendly hear things says wouldn dare say face girl older sister grandmother week think dad worrying lot thought posted write letter needs cheering mades happier newsy notes student pen pal overseas blue eyes brown hair twelve
understand read organized paragraph presents main idea details idea clear main idea presented topic sentence paragraph topic sentence underlined notice sentences give details support main idea course sure david graybeard caught pig tremendously exciting chimpanzees actually ate meat previously scientists believed apes occasionally supplement diet insects small rodents primarily vegetarians fruit eaters suspected hunt larger mammals paragraphs topic sentence middle end paragraphs centered main idea topic sentence details statements provide organization paragraphs opinion topic sentence tell details paragraph supported topic sentence sentence compose paragraph main idea paragraph express details paragraph presented ways chronological order chronological order refers natural order details happen paragraphs studied lesson present details chronologically
travel space town holland fine lookout high street watch village children playing game rhymes children saying magically translated english sound young game groups playing write description game include number players needed rules game game begins read description classmates games shown painting peter brueghel choose games list details small part painting write sentence detail weave details short paragraph try details sharp paragraph clear classmates identify part picture transported lookout post street surrounded curious odd creature outer space write paragraphs surroundings paragraph describe feel stranger strange place paragraph paragraphs tell happens century visitor distant ancient town brueghel painted scenes gathered play dance eat imagine brueghel transported neighborhood
ivan fillipovich hear true told absent minded failed let news sink mathematician night school students ivan fillipovich borka left classroom garin asked borka garin don think cribbed teacher raised gray head looking upward examined borka standing bad grinning ironically handsome uniform borka tall moment stood ivan fillipovich terribly deep inside borka felt sorry ivan fillipovich remain school journeying faraway places elucidating newton method trigonometric functions angle fellows tired working falling asleep classes continue studies asked teacher don try shame didn system send problems solve send answers correction replied borka
circus manager worried attendances falling children sat listlessly munching sweets sucking ices talking glancing show young girls ponies betrayed real interest clowns jokes fell flat kind jokes raise laugh critical date sense humor changed things circus manager heard word corny flung didn want opinion sillier pointless jokes bull eye target humor outer miss brought element futility laughed unintentional joke joker clowns quick patter didn sense nonsense date audience articulateness talk gibberish change style find laugh manager fifty making jokes fashioned kind word sophisticated
aware bitterness father invited mate voyage hawaii boat valerie thirty foot ketch keeping watch turn turn weathering half dozen squalls trip twenty days incident voyage stays mind bagged genoa poorly lashed broke loose slithered forward deck ocean turned valerie grappling range bag began sink inches clear water bag looked human body portion sail escaped took form face white terrifying seen person drown pray heaven watching sinking canvas bag gained respect sea understood blue water innocent sparkling playground destroy mercilessly arrived hawaii incident packed mckinley high school mother join month sixth school friends mckinley found brothers jim arthur loved sailing jim fifteen art younger invested savings hundred dollars sixteen foot aluminum lifeboat school lunch break meet secretively shade palm tree talk boat named hic reasons need
boys reformatory jacky strangest pondo pondoland big city blood closed reserved kind boy close companions enjoyed kind popularity nonetheless played magnificent game football gave freedom knew tailoring instructor worked months hundred boys free absconded allowed roam farm conscience absconded seventh occasion jacky sunday afternoon failed report clock days visiting boys temporarily transferred non european hospital wards african constable sitting guard jacky told constable boys asked speak jacky looked shamefacedly shot father shot breaking house father course jacky lost freedom magistrate returned reformatory main building tailor allowed return short asked tailoring instructor brought
late april afternoon uncle panos sat mike mike brother restaurant gravelly voice live twenty month thirty nice looking boy married useless failure moist brown eyes set deep brown wrinkles hair gray soon die mike thought looking poof heart uncle costas died easter dyed red eggs inside casket cheap icon dollars eighty cents pants pockets veterans hospital haven family albania inaccessible gay blade capable dying mike stared uncle eyes thought family saw crying brother wedding nuptial crowns exchanged thinking son wedding grandchildren uncle panos home car piece junk driving shamed youself college educated boy happened smart boy getting skinny uncle panos smoking fingers permanently rich golden brown nicotine fingernails thick corrugated yellow mike thought bulky hands forty lifting fruit crates boxes cutting hands sweating
appeared afternoon playing football marcelo sidewalk front house boy block neighborhood thin sloppy flat straight hair falling locks face hands pockets watched silence standing orange tree walk front squat bad throw swerved ball bounced thought kick kids picked crossed street set ground greatest gentleness ready continue game marcelo mother stuck head balcony called supper marcelo promised supper bike ride going bed home hall screen boy standing orange tree look timid motionless sparrow summer vacation marcelo visited talked movies football stuck picture series chocolate wrappers special albums divided series constellations vegetable electric fish real market pictures school kids hard rarely appeared chocolates bought exchanged insignias clubs tucuman pennants penknives
island middle island mountain top mountain monastery san send brother simpatico abbot voice boomed chapter house renaissance windows blue sky swirled round renaissance windows wafted notes innumerable bells tinkling sheep wandered eternally steep olive groves answer summons bishop palace brother simpatico running amuck miracles things coming sorry pass abbot thundered powerful features flushed fetch brother simpatico discreetly novice master slipped search novice week suggested brother simpatico wanted call salvator abbey bell abbot stately clang guest master hurried urgent blast wasn fitting humble lay brother call bell monastery continued ascamper flitting white novices eternal quest brother simpatico master nabbed thin novice downcast eyes find brother simpatico abbot quickly try orange grove heart full alarm novice lifted white robes sped search orange grove drew blank seen brother simpatico inquired panting tones cheerful brother bono peeling onions kitchen door
abbot car sped interminable hairpin bends beneath word sped usual farms villages market towns news sped farther corners island donkeys saddled panniers ancient motors cranked rusty handles sedate jaunting cars harnessed mule traces trek call brother simpatico began solemn prayers finished brother simpatico wall peered fig trees full cool green leaf shaded dusty roads wind rippled waves seas ripening corn flocks sheep bells tinkling meandered olive groves pilgrims rounding hairpin bend seen coming coming hope hearts soul torment heart anguish coming help powerless help forbidden holy obedience help hid granary bear struggled demons choice obey obey simple temptation sin rearing ugly head lord prayed sweat anguish help brother simpatico brother simpatico call going sides
son boy telegram hopped bicycle gate took telegram read took buffet salt southerly knocked breath took impact fantastic green waves smacking dad skiff memory voice bawling cheerful encouraging curses hand eyes stayed steady job guiding channel comparative quiet estuary hand steady crumpling telegram grinding rag nails palm grinding heart pain remembering boat boat faithful longest failed end close eyes ragged stretch coast estuary tossing gray white sudden rainsquall loose line humping sand hills lonely roaring heaving green southern ocean calm days took boat remember thrill early chilly mornings bird awake dog barking water estuary black oil black night icy dew soaking ankles ran dad jetty days fisherman coast tell kids bragging started
looking beats didn stand ideas wanted soft suppose slow enjoyed dunedin mind gladys couldn sweeter dad blokes heart knew city place thinking rihi longing mind gladys wasn easy putting finally things lost chance backing word decided stop dunedin plans wedding let gladys going baby maybe guessed surprise turned couple days wedding dressed clothes put married bring wedding present hands check amount couldn minute sold farm tom stanley making provision house garden remained lived stanley couldn put told cried
visit grandmother bathe dress formal gowns propitious hour carried green sedan bride house home red sedan held simple ceremony music grandmother room sick woman propped pillows receive chou parents stood bed stood uncles aunts cousins crowded room hushed sound dangling pearls bride headdress rustling stiff brocade heard kowtowed grandmother dinner drank rounds drinks cousins tottering helped bridal chamber sat red lacquered armchair red lacquered table thick red columnar candles burning candles night oil lamp bed symbols oil lamp kinds nuts symbolic prosperity red silk quilt spread bed bride wedding gown sat edge bed head bowed servant brought strong tea sobering fastened door chou drank cups tea sleep girl sat amidst blazing red room
buckingham palace london residence britain royal family buckingham palace paris knows buckingham palace beautiful building attend ceremony changing guard buckingham palace tomorrow morning statements proved true false statements proved statements proved statements fact proof fact statements impartial experts measurement observation written sources statements fact statement proved true consulting authoritative reference book subject statement proved false mind statements proved statements fact proved false statements proved statements opinion statements opinion represent think believe statements opinion statements involving evaluations regardless popular support evaluations statements future including statements events sure happen statements opinion able distinguish clearly fact opinion help avoid misled hear read provide solid foundation making sound judgments milford situated foothills rocky mountains population median family income national average
chalk cliffs dover curiously tranquil background early morning sunlight jackdaws cawing circling faint echoes gunfire channel whispering escarpment westward alongside pier reaching lord warden hotel funnels smoke transports hospital ship pouring ashore khaki clad cargoes stretcher cases fruits night desperate garnering trains crammed sliding foreshore haze imagined saw going shadow cliffs actualities destroyer limping heavy list spattered splinter holes making fast alongside disembark hundreds weary poilus armed trawler going defiant toot siren motor yacht painted gray owner skipper uniform volunteer reserve cleaning revolver silk bandanna handkerchief hailed crippled destroyer bridge morning shouted trip bandaged figure replied impotent movement hand ears deaf gunfire bomb explosions funny replied busy wire aft bloody funny haze swallowed yacht club telephone rang elderly steward unaccustomed sound laid paper removed spectacles picked receiver
beautiful morning cliff top western edge island lay miles irish coast green carpet closely cropped grass hundred feet water broke indolently black jagged rocks sinister sound soothing westward atlantic stretched calmly limitless light blue horizon matt cliff village walking enormous slabs flat rock covered fields sloped steeply upward rocks warm soles bare feet homespun trousers ending shin heavy knitted red jersey making sweat june sun canvas schoolbag flopped hip journeyed reminding bringing frown brown eyes climb slope hard leap times try dodge briars lurking crevices rocks thorns scraped brown skin feet leaving scarlet scratch blood sides small black faced sheep kind tender mutton raised heads look moved cautiously eyes passed resuming search meagre forage matt filled sense guilt injustice heart heavy school yesterday
center town purchases end found cigarettes single thousand lire note wallet tobacconist asked package swiss cigarettes laid thousand lire note counter tobacconist looked interest asked thousand lire note replied tobacconist called wife reading newspaper end counter maria look woman turned head bothering nearer glanced note ah center town tobacconist asked lived porta volta lambrate moved remarked month looked note caught breath falsest thousand lire note shamelessly counterfeit inspire liveliest disgust amount care professional pride production counterfeit thousand lire notes note front free arbitrary interpretation real thousand lire note handed cigarettes picked offending note bad cried tobacconist learn knocks philosophically started parking lot course give idea reclaiming car taking taxi bus
american thirsty thirsty water jug emptied contents mile assurance guide find water huts scattered vicinity turned called mean tell actually live volcano wiping sweat forehead hand morning early sun reddened lean face shirt wet sweat yes guide informed living guide short fellow step american took took power arms legs speak english understand active volcano american happens erupts happens seldom guide seek refuge safer places eruption american tell making living plant daytime guide expained charcoal night fires foot mountain dark american shook head odd live stayed country guide asked turn months american answered manila reminded book writing country manila populace
attempt produce metaphor produces mixed metaphor overloaded means speaking understand terms figures speech treacherous handle mixed metaphor figure speech control night north carolina primary guard textile plant upstate york heard news broadcaster media analyst say reagan victory north carolina springboard rekindle campaign throwing springboards campaign fires guard kindly wrote tell active metaphor mixers politicians reason maybe noticed especially case york john lindsay mayor york city lay foundations difficult medicine swallow senator john dunne york asked predict remain winds change run course winds change relay team took early lead lap track breezed home washington produces metaphors mixed mystifying senator howard baker tennessee asked possibility hearings watergate tip iceberg thing showing sure put
spry tiptoed hall listened carefully eased open door miss pringle room wasn concerned katie maid noisily running sweeper spacious floor didn enjoy mrs terboven landlady ordering ago owned home wife mary alive boys bay window looked garden morning light revealed crowded bookshelves lining walls spry felt betrayed month ago look room mrs terboven assured books soon adorn shelves miss pringle leaving miss pringle stayed spry wanted room wanted seventy couldn expect mrs terboven understand importance room collector psychologist student crime important retired librarian catalogued library enormous mary boys married room huge colllection books overflowed spry hesitated stepped gingerly room ran practiced finger book titles muttering endearments haphazard arrangement offended professional eye black beauty euclidean geometry books certainly didn fit miss pringle personality lifetime observation public librarian knew certainty type book owned kind person
sitting splash wall kilmillick pier sea faces village sun light breeze sea bringing sweet salt smell seaweed kissed sun village front quiet movement lazy blue smoke curling slantwise cabin chimneys early afternoon sunday young women kilmurrage football match telling stories big fish caught youth suddenly swish canvas white yacht swung corner pier alongside immediately feet advanced turf dust brink pier looking yacht patsy conroy active seized mooring rope yacht fast joined watching yachtsmen getting ready ashore lovely boat brian manion fellow bandy leg bunion ear heh scratching small cost lot money boat look shiny brasses ye carpet laid cabin floor hatchway boys week fishing mick feeney breathing loudly red nose
kindness pay coleby tell sad story proves kindness reward knew say didn reward case hangman rope saying murder story kind gentleman asked sylvia julian crayne hanged unfairly thought listen story asking silly questions say agree thirty looking hanged want hear story don yes coleby told story julian crayne unpleasantly smooth young lived country uncle marius working disliked disliked country suggestion julian help export drive london aid handsome allowance marius met unenthusiastic response julian threw offer regularly weekends bring friends marius didn nephew liked rich elderly bachelors bores bores prefer hand escape marius intend let julian escape talk week houseful rowdy young weekend wanted listen idea pleasure
knowing mrs mallard afflicted heart trouble care break gently news husband death sister josephine told broken sentences veiled hints revealed half concealing husband friend richards newspaper office intelligence railroad disaster received brently mallard leading list killed assure truth telegram hastened forestall careful tender friend bearing sad message hear story women heard paralyzed inability accept significance wept sudden wild abandonment sister arms storm grief spent room follow stood facing open window comfortable roomy armchair sank pressed physical exhaustion haunted body reach soul open square house tops trees aquiver spring delicious breath rain air street peddler crying wares notes distant song singing reached faintly countless sparrows twittering eaves
war hell general sherman smile general childlike innocence rest knew small praise pacific civilian souls award war comb history looking examples cheerful whimsical wars find war jenkins ear poor jenkins alas started war ear cut enjoyed whimsical wars war ii look hitler point view fifteen million soldiers killed killed civilians bravery war sacrifice atlantic charter freedoms formation united nations liberation nations splendid victory darker balance history humanity weighed war found wanting humanity humanity weighed pan scales heavy items buchenwald belsen babi yar million jews processed nothingness glorious sporting rules war miserable small minded brutal unsporting bureaucratic police machine horrifying record presented cringed murmured apologies thousands nobly risked lives rescue jews norwegians fought tigers rugged country forest fiords rescued high percentage jews course fighting
national sport teasing nazis nervous breakdown true tales legends mixed fact fancy entwined true instance gestapo headquarters received phone call complaining swastika flag flying official building demanding removed unfortunately impossible replied nazi answering call caller case danish soldier remove shot replied nazi answer soldier speaking king denmark swastika flag hurriedly lowered legendary side king christian tenth wore large yellow star david nazis ordered danish jews wear identifying badge danish believe beloved king worthy matters pass kind tale baffled nazis check unctuous official asked king felt react question send official invitations nazi officers king christian reply completely problem confront showing newsreel movie house nazi narrator boasted forty planes lost raid luftwaffe plane missing
mrs grogan waiting logan airport boston important americans soon grogan prepared map show route history teacher grace think help understand cross country trip important mrs grogan thought taught american history junior high school grogans business history important want encourage young massachusetts community learn america past present future sponsor essay contest local school students enter title essay american historic site visit winners contest receive trip historic sites choice mrs grogan private plane pay expenses grogans pilots guides chaperones important americans grogans waiting contest winners trip begin excited students parents arrived grogans took small coffee shop mrs grogan decided tell group exactly told history classes school going learn american mrs grogan began american historians help
ancient peoples egyptians greeks phoenicians carthaginians lived close mediterranean developed civilizations traded europe asia africa religions born grew eastern mediterranean region christianity islam judaism map page calls region palestine later called holy land map page shows romans united land mediterranean gigantic empire mainly century century birth jesus christ kinds lived rule romans hundred romans brought peace order parts mediterranean region eventually christianity dominant religion roman empire empire split eastern western part eastern part known byzantine empire capital ancient byzantium constantinople named byzantine empire flourished nearly thousand split western part roman empire declined waves germanic tribes invaded conquered lands governed rome led mixture germanic roman ways mixture influence christianity gradually produced kind european civilization religion deserts arabia southeast mediterranean sea religion took islam means submission god
columbus moment going ashore satisfaction earlier acquired spanish king queen backing sought test hypothesis hypothesis guess based facts informed columbus knew round reasoned reach spice islands asia sailing westward unknown waters atlantic columbus thought island reached mainland asia small islands caribbean sea today known watlings island chain called bahamas columbus thought reached east indies called found indians columbus voyages atlantic knew reached vast landmass soon called america columbus success led mounting expeditions amerigo vespucci italian merchant settled spain member expeditions accounts travels vespucci held lands atlantic part asia continent martin waldseemuller geographer impressed vespucci writings suggested continent named amerigo america general islands west indies spanish set explore mainland america
tensions rising future ohio river country british government called delegates colonies conference held albany york homelands iroquois indians purpose meeting iroquois allies conflict sure reason assure cooperation thirteen colonies expected war france delegates albany conference benjamin franklin pennsylvania franklin newspaper publisher owner printing shop public spirited citizen philadelphia albany put carefully thought plan uniting colonies plan providing greater amount home rule adopted delegates rejected british colonial governments british felt plan gave colonies independence colonial governments felt give nonetheless franklin albany plan union marked beginning thinking union colonies french indian war badly britain colonies forces suffered number setbacks ohio river country northern frontier york french forces led able marquis de montcalm indian allies skillfully defended france possessions north america william pitt brilliant planner took charge british war effort mapped plan attack french points tide turned
washington army remained york strong drive british city part british disposed launch major attack americans increase efforts persuade important americans side american british succeeded winning benedict arnold favorite washington heroes saratoga native connecticut bravest gallant leaders american forces plotted british betray garrison west point fortunately patriots captured arnold british messenger major john andre revealed plot save important fortress west point arnold escaped brigadier general british army british real difference course war war independence broke british occupying french forts lakes aimed control entire region west allegheny mountains british expedition detroit captured vincennes french fort wabash indiana young george rogers clark job defending western frontier native virginia clark surveyor kentucky knew frontier british took vincennes outpost kaskaskia miles km west vincennes
debate took place adoption constitution typical opposing views put massachusetts ratifying convention statement delegate amos singletary contended britain penny duty tax tea claimed tax bind cases constitution property lay taxes tell congress won lay direct taxes collect money want import taxes say won able raise money import taxes lay land lawyers learning moneyed talk finely gloss matters smoothly poor illiterate swallow pill expect congress expect managers constitution power money hands swallow folks whale swallowed jonah afraid amos singletary greatest objection ratifying constitution think fears founded convention delegate jonathan smith took view lived part country known worth government lack
settled west mountains asked roads order transport farm products markets east west thought national government pay roads roads later canals called internal improvements question national government pay internal improvements hotly debated issue nation politicians roads built federal government vital part proposal put henry clay kentucky clay called plan american system industries protected tariffs grow attract laborers cities city buy products farmers west south farmers buy goods manufactured cities plan national prosperity succeed require transportation system clay argued federal government pay roads revenue tariff duties including president james monroe believed government power constitution funds road building congress longer financing national road roads built local governments private companies water transport oldest cheapest methods transportation america natural waterways natural attempts link waterways canals continuous transportation boat extended wide areas
seemingly americans known things cut england atlantic ocean hammered iron horseshoes tools farm implements blew glassware musket balls women candles soap spun flax wool cloth homespun clothing cloth age homespun called backyard shops victory american revolution reopened american ports english ships ships brought country goods wanted china handsome clothes jewelry bolts cloth tools fine glass alexander hamilton secretary treasury george washington believed america dependent england urged american business develop industries america water power raw materials lacked workers skilled set run factories england nation begun complicated system manufacturing americans hoped set factories country offered large money bonuses skilled english workers british parliament forbade taught mechanics leave nations written material english manufacturing carried america skilled young english worker decided defy laws samuel slater trained boyhood english cotton factory nineteen slater read hometown paper derbyshire england advertisement pennsylvania legislature
side prepared war july inexperienced poorly armed troops sides aptly called amateur soldiers northern southern commanders hoped defenses need tested months demand action offices northern newspaper editors floors congress forced early battle northern headlines insisted richmond pressure intense northern commanders give civilian demands july general irvin mcdowell led grand army southward washington protesting ready war southwest manassas junction town stream called bull run general beauregard prepared untrained southerners battle soon washington civilians bubbled enthusiasm sunday july set battle thousands hired carriages follow troops south rebels crushed wanted spectacle south downed gentleman war watched picnickers morning bull run northern troops advanced easily mid afternoon mcdowell thought won reports circulated northern battle watchers glorious victory seen nightfall suddenly tide battle changed southern reinforcements arrived check advancing union army northerners retreated slowly ran fled panic
question give clue schlesinger considered importance history nation according schlesinger true understanding america past demands balanced view appreciation significance frontier city question city simple try answer thing place city mean city arizona colorado city murray city ohio population johnson city texas hamilton city california boundaries scarcely say places cities united states city law unit government charter located charter describes city boundaries powers government city charter permission city expand boundaries growing larger annexing taking neighboring areas half states grant cities home rule considerable amount freedom running affairs states requirements city national government legal definition city left states census ten american counted rural urban residents definitions rural urban changed
reform chances asked question answer reform change change called reform suppose took vote women united states change reform reformers gap deciding reformers follow ideals ideals society live recommend reforms believe bring reality closer ideal goal nomination rutherford hayes announced elected serve term president republican leaders find presidential candidate chose james garfield hayes native ohio chester arthur york politician nominated republican candidate vice president garfield arthur won narrow victory democratic opponents garfield served short president july shot charles guiteau disappointed office seeker weeks garfield battled september died chester arthur president past federal workers replaced jobs voters elected president practice known spoils system page
relations nations government tries believes nation mean national interest large complex nation citizens disagree policies serve national interest policy serve nation interests interests nation likewise policy national interest single country harmful think examples possibility greater part nineteenth century american saw policies generally national interest united states monroe doctrine expressed policies page briefly monroe doctrine european powers stay affairs western hemisphere return united states promised interfere internal affairs european nations nation keeps nations follow policy isolationism policy expansionism means country constantly enlarging territory controls influences beginning united states expansionist country americans grumbled louisiana purchase acquisition florida opposed annexation texas mexican war resulted expansion americans approved country western boundary moved mississippi river pacific ocean half century
passed numbers land grew skills making natural resources things happened supply natural resources began abundant care american appeared include thoughtless country resources farsighted persons started worry concern conservation movement america conservation means wise resources means managing resources wasted needlessly destroyed conservationists interested wildlife fish forests grazing lands interested floods soil erosion minerals nature theodore roosevelt idea conservation popular united states loved outdoors explains interest idea theodore roosevelt start conservation movement soon leader president roosevelt set million acres million ha timberland trees cut land permission federal government government watch theodore roosevelt ideas conservation saving country huge roosevelt dam built arizona salt river dam illustrates ideas wanted dam rivers floodwaters washing land wanted water western rivers irrigate dry land grow crops
rachel carson fanciful picture spring birds haunted readers lines fable tomorrow pages silent spring town heart america live harmony surroundings town lay midst checkerboard prosperous farms fields grain hillsides orchards spring white clouds bloom drifted green fields roads laurel viburnum alder ferns wildflowers delighted traveler eye winter roadsides places beauty countless birds feed berries seed heads dried weeds rising snow countryside fact famous abundance variety bird flood migrants pouring spring fall traveled distances observe strange blight crept area began change evil spell settled community mysterious maladies swept flocks chickens cattle sheep sickened died shadow death farmers spoke illness families town doctors puzzled kinds sickness appearing patients sudden unexplained deaths adults children stricken suddenly play die hours
transfer presidential power nixon ford smoothly watergate lasting results polls eighteen months nixon resignation showed americans belief government badly shaken lack confidence government sure trouble future leaders ford lincoln president modestly telling country expect flashy big problems ford faced unemployment inflation steadily rising prices added cost living problems closely related measures provide jobs encourage inflation government attempted reduce rate inflation result rising unemployment president ford acted chief problem inflation nation sliding recession rate unemployment rising faster president ford reversed fight inflation began favor measures designed encourage buy tax checks mailed million taxpayers increased consumers buying power turn created jobs presidential election percent vote polls voting americans showed disappointment politics government top place republican ticket delegates republican convention nominated president ford spirited contest ronald reagan governor california
ask space question difficult answer reasons exploration space machines humans difficult humans distinguish living things nonliving things earth alive german shepherd geranium alive rock cloud candle flame alive problem arises try prove alive candle flame alive living things recognized traits share common major traits distinguish living nonliving things living things organized complex structures called cells forms composed single cell kinds cells cells living things kinds complex highly organized chemical compounds nonliving matter compounds complex found living matter living things reproduce members kind living things eventually die reproduction ensures survival group living systems grow develop changing food living cells tissues living things respond stimuli environment organisms respond specific stimuli green plant bends light ameba moves food rabbit runs sudden loud noises
ago satisfactory organize living things wanted learn organism easy find named plants animals confusing places names organism mountain lion known groups cougar puma catamount panther compare situation shopping grocery store food scattered mixed shelves think hard find kind cereal store imagine trying find store carried brand wanted carolus linnaeus invented system classifying organisms based classification system physical similarities organisms began grouping organisms shared physical traits called largest groups kingdoms broke large groups smaller smaller smaller group physical traits members shared common kingdoms divided phyla phyla grouped classes classes subdivided orders orders split families families broken genera genus divided species members species alike members group organisms species think kind organism dog horse oak tree
perfect crimes today technology link kind criminal scene crime victim fingerprints blood clothing teeth marks found scene crime matched suspect match chip paint piece glass found clothing hit run victim suspect car studying pieces burned rubble tell fire deliberately started set explosives tell planted gerilyn describing things crime laboratory technician short crime lab technician searches collects photographs preserves evidence determines crime committed matches pieces evidence suspect tests alibis times helps protect innocent person misinterpretation evidence crime lab technician works crime scene laboratory crime scene technician tries reconstruct crime looks evidence takes photographs preserve tire treads footprints marks making plaster casts collecting fingerprints hair blood samples locating weapons technician helps piece incident laboratory technician analyzes evidence instruments microscopes spectroscopes infrared ultraviolet light performs interprets laboratory results regarding substances poisons alcohol narcotics eaten injected victim suspect body
gregor johann mendel born peasant parents priest age studied math science university vienna returned monastery brunn part czechoslovakia monastery worked plant breeding experiments helped start science magazine brunn natural science society mendel scholars lived europe century approached problem solving ways brilliance gregor mendel seen conducted experiments garden peas studies plants male female parts mendel remove male pollen bearing structures plant prevented female egg cells plants fertilized mendel control plants fertilized select plants wanted parents traits wanted study mendel worked trait studied traits easy measure traits mendel selected included flower color seed shape stem length finally mendel detailed records crosses counted offspring looked mathematical answers based specific traits appeared experiment mendel crossed garden peas round seeds wrinkled seeds
genetic traits white eyed fruit fly suddenly pure culture red eyed flies short sheep population sheep legs normal length early hugo de attempted answer question working genetics primrose plant noticed traits appeared offspring plants guessed traits permanent genetic material called mutations true mutation trait capable passed descendants mutated cell today kinds mutations exist kind gene mutation chromosome mutation chemical change occurs dna cell called gene mutation mutation alter sequence nucleotides part dna molecule alteration information dna chain results differences proteins produced differences turn affect trait expressed sickle cell anemia mutation single gene slight change structure protein molecule hemoglobin slight change blood cell carries hemoglobin takes sickle shape scientists believe mutations caused naturally radiation constantly enters earth atmosphere
observations conclusions charles darwin voyage ship beagle stimulated scientific thought species adapt environment survive darwin trip famous history main purpose voyage continue survey mapping south america darwin allowed ship naturalist gathered scientific equipment need collections fit small space stern ship receive pay ninety foot ship size classrooms packed full provisions journey quarters darwin remove drawers cabinets order place feet slept seasick voyage developed lifelong loathing sea travel fascinated observed land stops ship route recorded observations care detail darwin main contributor early theory evolution published book origin species kinds evidence influenced thinking physical differences observed closely related species organisms observation species similar body parts observations species finches galapagos cocos islands especially known
fungus thought beginning fungus germinates reproductive cell called spore resting cell spore covered thick resistant outer layer protect unfavorable conditions fungi continue form single cell fungi called yeasts fungi develop larger filamentous threadlike structures familiar filamentous fungi mushrooms commonly seen lawns forest molds known kitchen pests filamentous fungus mushroom begins grow sends tiny tubular filament spore filament called hypha hyphae fungi eukaryotic membrane bound organelles rigid outer covering hypha tough substance chitin cellulose inside hypha cytoplasm able move freely crosswalls separate hypha compartments hypha partial crosswalls hypha grows branches twisting turning eventually tangled mat hyphae formed mat called mycelium mycelium green blue pink black yellow orange depending pigments present pigments chlorophyll fungus food food hyphae secrete digestive enzymes food source soil rotting log carpet needles leaves fungus growing
land plants include mosses liverworts ferns conifers flowering plants group diverse share common traits instance multicellular vegetative body land plants generally basic plan aboveground photosynthesizing part underground absorbing part reproductive structures multicellular include egg producing organ serves protect egg zygote developing young plant common trait oogamy oogamy female gamete egg flagellated larger male gamete sperm storage excess food accounts large egg size egg retained protective structure await sperm nonmotile avoid drying land common trait seen sexual cycle land plants alternation sporophyte diploid generation gametophyte haploid generation generations rarely alike form size length main groups land plants internal plumbing system system vascular system support transport water nutrients specialized tissues tend develop diploid plants land plants system called vascular plants nonvascular plants
identical plants environments differ light water temperature minerals plants size form color traits differences activity plant hormones hormones substances produced part organism influence growth cell division traits part organism occur plants animals plant hormones typically active small quantities play major role regulating growth change position roots stems leaves flowers thought substances act stimulators growth cases inhibitors thought chemical messengers known plant hormones auxins gibberellins cytokinins charles darwin son francis thought observe effects auxins reported discoveries power movement plants published darwins noticed grass seedlings tendency bend light noticed bending took place zone cell elongation tip seedling tried covering tip growing shoots small metal cap exposing shoots light coming side found usual bending occur found normal bending occur lightproof collar growing tips
species echinoderms includes starfish sea urchins brittle stars sea cucumbers crinoids echinoderms live oceans echinoderms called spiny skinned animals covered skeleton plates spines calcium carbonate skeleton lies beneath layer skin cells adult echinoderms radial symmetry arms appearing multiples echinoderms segmented head central nervous system individuals male female simple reproductive systems species able regenerate lost injured parts unique trait echinoderms water vascular system locomotion water enters system small sievelike opening called sieve plate water moves ring canal central disk leading ring canal radial canals center arm canals elastic water filled tube feet tube feet look hollow cylinders suckers end echinoderm moves extending arm tube feet strike object attached suction arm attached water removed tube feet tube feet shortened causing body move forward method locomotion slow echinoderms twist turn bodies starfish echinoderm system locomotion body starfish arms rays attached central disk
organism called behavior eats protects reproduces part organism behavior pattern behavior simple complex learned inherited case behavior patterns determine organism survive environments insects behavior entirely inherited collecting food eating laying eggs simple activities performed insects result instinct complex level activities carried colonies social insects social insects include bees wasps termites ants called social insects live cooperating members colony colony division labor member colony specific job physically adapted perform honeybee colony complex insect behavior colony queen hundred drones thousand workers queen central figure colony develops fertilized egg laid royal cell larva hatches fed special food called royal jelly ensures development fertile queen queen large body adapted reproduction function colony production eggs drones male bees develop unfertilized eggs bigger workers large queen function mate queen
fossil evidence suggests amphibia class vertebrates live part lives land land air breathed directly amphibians developed special adaptations called lungs purpose word amphibian means living ways amphibians live double part water part land gilled amphibian larvae live water larvae metamorphose change land living adult form approximately living species amphibia divided major groups tailed amphibians tailless amphibians members group extinct exception order apoda apoda small wormlike amphibians short tail arms legs despite forms amphibia share characteristics part cycle notochord present early embryonic stage skeleton bone blood pumped chambered heart nostrils connect mouth eyes movable lids pairs limbs walking swimming gills lungs skin breathing body covered moist scaleless skin fertilization inside body female amphibians tails include newts salamanders mud puppies species centimeters giant salamander china japan reach length meters
thirty hours fertilization place zygote divides cells days takes zygote move oviduct cells continue divide mitosis division cells smaller cells held membrane fourth zygote ball cells larger egg released ovary zygote continues divide entered uterus fourth takes form hollow ball known blastocyst stage obtains food fluids secreted tissues uterus blastocyst distinct kinds cells type cell follow separate course development outer hollow ball cells blastocyst attach lining uterus help buried uterine tissue outer ball cells eventually develop membrane called chorion cells blastocyst develop embryo additional embryonic tissues seventh fertilization trophoblast called begins bury wall uterus process called implantation soon implantation cells embryo produce extremely important hormone hormone embryo signals corpus luteum continue secrete progesterone estrogen
populations change ways larger smaller areas occupy increase decrease ratio male females vary population occur response change factors influence population kind organism produces offspring species survive maximum reproduction rate population ideal conditions called biotic potential biotic potential assumes young live reproduce reach biotic potential population food raw materials water space needs survive needs ideal climate absence competitors disease age individual able reproduce number young born influence biotic potential dramatic examples biotic potential calculated pair houseflies produced generation weeks descendants end bacteria divide minutes rate generations produced hours number individuals produced cover entire surface earth depth centimeters populations reach biotic potential factors influence growth rate population environmental resistance collection factors reduce growth rate population
august severe earthquake struck madison river canyon southern montana yellowstone park result earthquake enormous rock slide slide forest service estimated rocks earth fill rose bowl heaping full times crashing madison canyon effects entire ecosystem area changed plant animal populations area destroyed orderly soil structure existed jumble boulders rocks soil later slope material valley floor landed primarily bare rock replacement original forested hillside valley floor simply start forest replacing process rebuilding soil organisms lichens survive bare rock gradually effects lichens wind rain ice temperature begin break rocks soil lichens help trap soil transported wind water soil formation takes place plants mosses grasses small flowering forms able survive reproduce hundreds thousands succession result climax forest area succession bare rock called primary succession lava flow volcanic action starts primary succession commonly ecosystem structure extreme madison river canyon
tam ted school ted cane help girl class beginning today tam ms king dan mom school school asked ted think franklin school tam ted tapped cane tap tap tap asked jane banks tam dan mom ted cane helps lot ted couldn didn cane school steps ms king room tam room took cape hung room ted hung jacket hook cape girl ran room ran tam tam fell girl let help jane banks going class think bad beginning let pretend begin tam jane home mother father tell school class banks bad beginning think rushing room hang jacket bell rang
ms cook looked clock tell story class lunch took book shelf opened story big ship tug tell story freddy frog children tell ship tug pam sam tell freddy frog ms cook began tell story freddy frog played muddy spot side pond swimming pond hopped log drifted took ride fun freddy mother wants frog school want fun pond mother frog swimming hide freddy liked play tricks mother freddy hid log inside log funny looking thing began wiggle freddy began giggle funny looking thing freddy want play funny looking thing snake snakes frogs play jumped freddy hopped freddy forgot trick playing mother
sam ms cook room school boy ms cook miss sam grade ms cook asked sam ms paste sam ms room ms wish let ms cook paste likes don bit left don box mix glass ms mixer fast job mixing paste going room don trip gave sam glass girl running ms room bumped sam glass paste fell sam hand paste stack books ms mending ms blame sam didn glass cracked cut sam leg cut bled sam slacks ms looked sam leg think sam clinic girl held hands spot sam sit woman clinic looked cut bad cut red stuff leg sting try brave
fine sunny morning gail mother going class left gail money mrs benton shop later want eggs bake cake home gail happy going eleven today mother didn tell cake gail pass mailbox school looked box letters won open stop mrs benton home eggs look letters dinner gail school thinking mail cake mom bake thinking drag school bell rang quick flash gail mrs benton shop gail going fast didn pail jill desk hit leg catch set pail belonged fast mrs benton sale eggs gail plenty big cake humming left shop shop dog gail thinking cake dogs tails
ago girl named nan met woman big flock sheep woman trip need girl lots pep tend sheep short want job nan yes nan told need job woman home days meet sheep tending lessons days handle sheep lessons think job hope understand lessons nan days passed woman wished nan luck nan tend sheep drove sheep spot grass sheep began feed woman let sheep steep hill hill slide pond big stick flat grass creep feed nan looking sheep ate feet feel funny standing stand tend sheep bet sit job sat short nan spot shade sit
nell liked lots things liked fish lake camp woods father liked help kitchen nell fixed punch didn taste sweet bitter bitter lips pucker funny nell liked play hide seek sister candy candy liked peek nell tricked hid tree nell liked ride bike steer big sister fran fran fifteen sixteen nell forgot fran teens fran nell candy zoo lots fun nell liked sit big tree house thinking spot nell liked things liked play drums stick drumsticks pocket children band asked play children band play weeks nell told father play main street big bands want play band father re drummer nell looked sad nineteen band
sunday morning bells piled van stop kim dad drive queen glen want eat think spot eat dot diner twin springs baker cook meal eating tom mom fine dad kids ok dad dan jan benton house kim hopped van waved glad asked re mom drive queen glen sun shining fine twin springs stopped diner striped jacket told sit big booth window thank jan bit order asked told wanted eat smiled quickly seconds meals hope enjoy meal nearly finished booth baker baked date nut cakes lemon cakes fresh
sunday fine sunny gus linda pam sam van started zoo gus pam glad drive zoo enjoy seeing animals glad pam short trip van gus parked van dark green pine tree hike parking lot gate zoo carts ran parking lots gate cart rides free asked gus hopped yes driver carts inside cost money wish ride parts zoo gus think feet save money paid tickets inside want gus birds asked linda ok gus pam sam lots lots birds looked cardinals hummingbirds woodpeckers larks peacocks pam wanted part zoo snakes sam didn want gus patted arm don let alarm snakes glass tanks closed safe ok sam wasn happy
nick small small care size nick cared didn smaller rest boys wished inch taller september school started nick taped strip wall reached mark inch taller june school nick reached mark saying summer nick playing ball frank cal let nick cal fill box rocks pretend chest gold hide woods frank added nick ok let fun need lunch home pack lunch nick peanut butter jelly sandwich filled jar milk shut lunch backpack fastened pack going real feast nick mother trip boys met cal house let call muff cal asleep hall called muff let started trip wake muff yelled frank nick miss fun
ago marco polo father uncle started eastward venice italy traveled overland asia peking china marco polo returned later wrote book amazing adventures quantities precious stones drugs spices valuable things east brought europe caravans turks constantinople istanbul ports mediterranean sea reached ships venice genoa cities italy controlled eastern trade nations hoped reach india east sailing southward african coast cape hope sea captains longer longer voyages prince henry portugal leaders encouraging explorations henry expeditions portugal resulted discovery azores places unknown europeans look globe azores lie midway ocean europe america boy born genoa italy changed history cristobal colon call christopher columbus boy genoa christopher liked waterfront hear sailors tell tales lands unloaded rich cargoes drugs silks carpets spices
tales riches spanish finding reached francis king france thought french exploring sea captains find lands claim france maybe find short sea route east spanish seeking king fitted small ships voyage atlantic chose jacques cartier command cartier known boldest daring french sea captains cartier thought took course north spanish possessions find short route china stormy voyage reached coast north america early summer place st lawrence river flows atlantic ocean landed took possession wild country france sailed report news king cartier returned discovered st lawrence river named river honor saint feast saw cartier sailed mighty river finally indian village foot mountain called montreal french means mount royal city montreal later built seventy later frenchman named samuel champlain interested canada
olden times europe custom attend kind church king country happened king church true england group eastern part england wanted form church worship thought king permit left england holland left homes religious beliefs called pilgrims means wanderers persons travel afar holy place group pilgrims tried escape england holland william bradford arrested put prison later join holland leaders ten spent holland pilgrims worried children grow forget english language customs pilgrims decided sea settlement virginia kind church wanted english language customs group pilgrims left holland america sailing ship speedwell stopped england joined sailed america ships speedwell larger ship mayflower
afterward daniel boone captured shawnee indians warpath liked courage skill kill decided warrior tribe took river scrubbed hard white blood system cut hair scalp lock decorated bright feathers true indian fashion painted face red yellow clay finished looked real indian shawnees knew daniel boone escape chance watched closely weary miles traveled boonesborough pretended indians talked gradually understand nearly showed desire escape heard indians say going attack boonesborough knew run plans escape daniel boone asked permission hunting indians told hurry carefully counted ammunition hunting thought impossible live woods able shoot animals food soon daniel boone sight indians headed forest boonesborough
paul revere born boston george washington born virginia father silversmith paul admired beautiful things father silver decided grew silversmith beautiful silver bowls trays things found leading art museums today silversmiths copy graceful lines silver bowls paul revere silversmith patriot helped country win freedom served short french indian war later close friend samuel adams indians threw tea overboard boston tea party known famous ride inspired henry wadsworth longfellow write poem called midnight ride paul revere minute heard british planning capture samuel adams john hancock patriotic leader minute arranged warn escape evening april british soldiers boston quietly prepared march lexington capture adams hancock planned continue concord capture supplies ammunition minute stored paul revere waiting spread alarm british coming friends asked help signalling british started
revolutionary war began battle lexington april colonists think separating england mother country wanted rights willing fight considered englishmen expected remain englishmen king paid attention petitions continental congress meeting philadelphia king determined colonies obey colonists bitter king george iii hired hessian soldiers fight began feel useless appeal king grant rights asked samuel adams massachusetts patrick henry virginia leaders colonies began say entirely free england thousand miles ocean separated countries interests communication sailing vessels england america slow fighting begun fight freedom independence june richard henry lee delegate virginia arose continental congress philadelphia motion proposed colonies free independent states motion immediately seconded john adams massachusetts discussion committee appointed draw declaration independence committee consisted thomas jefferson virginia benjamin franklin pennsylvania john adams massachusetts
read thomas jefferson elected president united states fall took oath office problems attention president jefferson pioneers living ohio mississippi valleys daniel boone wife family kentucky spite dangers difficulties pioneer hardy women boone frontier thousands settled middle west homes women cleared land farming soon raising large crops states kentucky tennessee ohio admitted union settlers succeed find market crops slow expensive load grain pork heavy produce pack horses carry east mountains easiest send crops important eastern markets water farmer easily crops wagon nearby ohio mississippi rivers load raft flatboat float orleans larger ships carried crops eastern cities sold american farmers sell boats farm products agents orleans profits buy horses ride home natchez
france sold louisiana united states head french government declared war england short nations war american merchants large profits shipping supplies england france english officials realized stop supplies france country seriously crippled war won england declared blockade french ports attempt prevent ships trading nation british warships proceeded capture vessel found sailing french port british sailors removed captured ships wanted french stopped searched ships thought bound english ports add troubles united states english navy needed sailors english captains soon found increase size crews american ship sail ports sea hours british war order stop american ship paid attention order british warship fire shot bow forcing stop boat english officer aboard row american ship climb aboard order sailors line deck
country allegheny mountains mississippi river thickly settled true pioneering spirit pushed farther westward moses austin decision changed history texas entire united states traveled home missouri san antonio permission spanish authorities establish american colony texas moses austin granted lived carried died hardships experienced riding missouri son stephen austin carried dying request father ahead settling colony month stephen austin obtained permission establish colony mexico declared independence spain austin start obtain permission mexican government establish american colony texas permission finally granted bring families established capital san felipe de austin brazos river austin trouble getting families join land practically settlers willing accept rules regulations set mexican government owned texas unfortunately mexico declared independence spain confusion mexican government laws passed settlers united states
civil war overland trails california oregon pioneers traveled westward slow moving covered wagons pulled oxen horses discovery gold california numbers early days gold rush led demand quicker means transportation decided build railroad omaha nebraska territory sacramento california transcontinental railroad serve purposes connect california east encourage settlement vast western plains leland stanford collis huntington mark hopkins agreed build tracks central pacific railroad eastward california shiny rails laid mountains joined tracks union pacific railroad built westward omaha months end civil war begun laying track expensive build railroad mountains plains encourage companies build government voted give company amount land mile track laid imagine rivalry railroad companies lay greatest amount track receive land railroad company lay track rails east west closer closer
northwestern pennsylvania small branch allegheny river living call oil creek early times thin film oil floated surface stream indians living nearby skimmed oil rubbed bodies strong later farmers settle grease wagon wheels early george bissel heard oil small amount floated waters oil creek bissel felt sure vast quantities oil surface ground nearby formed company locate oil bring surface unsuccessful later company formed drill oil titusville oil creek company hired drake successful drilling wells water felt sure drill hole ground pump oil pumped water wooden rig steam operated drill gotten drill forty feet struck rock sides showed signs collapsing nearby farms watch drilling laughed called drake folly heard drilling oil told drake give drilling oil wells try farming
imagine dim electric lights thomas alva edison invented electric light things greatly improved business home conditions parts thomas alva edison born milan ohio february family called alva family moved port huron michigan father established grain lumber business young alva started school wanted asked questions moon shine night birds fly teacher boy crazy didn sense mother heard angry school teacher knew important children curious young edison school months took home taught boy mrs edison believed teaching fun alva enjoyed exploring exciting knowledge reading book find carrying experiments mother bought book chemistry began try experiments book worked age twelve edison started sold newspapers passengers trains grand trunk railway stations
jack kennedy began career politics spring announcement seek democratic nomination congressman congressional district massachusetts young twenty won nomination win election congressman jack kennedy showed youthful energy initiative common sense endeared massachusetts voters encouraged run henry cabot lodge seat united states senate brash thing senator lodge represented finest traditions boston reputation able politician kennedy gained deal experience eloquent speaker met senator lodge terms debating important issues amazed find election john fitzgerald kennedy elected united states senator massachusetts launched greater triumphs thirty september married miss jacqueline lee bouvier beautiful daughter late john bouvier member york stock exchange married st mary catholic church newport rhode island daughter caroline born november son john jr washington november
november lyndon baines johnson appeared houses congress president united states presidents trained johnson experience congressman senator senate majority minority leader vice president senate majority leader belongs party president elected closed party meeting minority leader chosen leads party lyndon johnson born small farm central texas august family moved town johnson city grandfather founded johnson graduated high school worked southwest texas teacher college college leader campus politics college johnson taught houston high school appointed secretary texas congressman washington johnson easy personality ambitious drive soon brought attention white house johnson president roosevelt appointed head national youth administration texas johnson elected congressman texas strongly backed deal page japanese attack pearl harbor johnson voted declare war japan days later congressman joined navy serving south pacific awarded silver star
january richard nixon inaugurated president united states elected office republican candidate democratic opponent hubert horatio humphrey vice president lyndon johnson nixon vice president eisenhower lost presidential election john kennedy humphrey nixon say public experience training presidency humphrey mayor minneapolis minnesota senator minnesota senate majority whip tries support senate programs majority party wants vice president nixon congressman senator california vice president richard milhous nixon born january yorba linda california ancestors sides family country revolutionary war yorba linda quaker community richard nixon mother line quakers ireland unusual find quakers nixon graduated whittier college california received law degree duke university law school began practice law whittier california early united states entered war ii nixon washington office emergency management soon joined navy left rank lieutenant commander richard nixon ran successfully congress soon known fighting communist sentiments united states
thousand ago ancient greece lived wise named aristotle curious things things interested egg develops chicken observed mother hen sits egg warms hatches aristotle took egg mother hen began sitting broke open looked carefully drawing saw took egg mother hen sat days broke egg open observed carefully drew diagram egg egg days takes chicken egg hatch aristotle complete story careful thousand small errors found observations seeing observing observing learn living things activities needs naturalists biologists study observing carefully aristotle able learn egg grows chicken observation learn chick sheds young soft feathers grows mature hen rooster bigger tougher feathers learn babies grow adults flower bud opens full flower
light energy travels sun earth distance km sunlight reaches earth minutes part sun energy important light green plants food leaves land plants adapt amount light plants grow bright sun grow dim light forest plants water especially deep oceans sunlight passes ocean water depth light find plant depth animals affected light don animals eat green plants depend sun indirectly food light affects animals directly behavior appearance fish live ocean surface lighter color living surface animals multiply breed depends light daylight increases spring animals begin breeding season temperature affects chemical action living things low temperatures freeze water living material autumn temperatures drop plants die rising temperatures spring call plants refrigeration kills germs high temperatures temperature affects behavior bears chipmunks sleep winter behavior called hibernation animals hibernate winter withstand cold
order carry experiments scientists need kinds instruments instruments help scientists accurate answers measuring weighing results experiments instruments control growth living things living things understood instruments hundreds factories employ thousands workers instruments scientists able job field breathe clear solution limewater solution turn cloudy shows exhaled air carbon dioxide gas known living things react chemicals show help study plants animals chemical test called urinalysis urine liquid waste animals including humans analysis shows traces sugar urine person disease called diabetes toy clock curious wanted worked scientists want look inside plants animals careful cutting called dissection scientists dissect plants study insides roots stems animals muscles attached bones sections brain instruments special tools scientist lab
early scientists noticed plant cells generally definite shape animal cells soon realized thick cell walls gave plant cells support chemical tests showed cell walls compound called cellulose cellulose alive cell grows makes compound cellulose food stores cell membrane explain trees hard strong trees wood cells thick cell walls cellulose trees die cell walls remain cut trees lumber cotton fibers cotton seeds deal cellulose cotton thread strong plant called flax strong cellulose fibers fibers linen cloth cell membranes alive control absorption excretion cell walls found plants nonliving material called cellulose cell walls give strength support plant cells scientists tiny delicate needles dissect parts cell microscope slowly carefully scientists remove nucleus nucleus cell continues short soon cell longer able grow reproduce chemical tests show nucleus complicated proteins proteins control assimilation change food living matter growth reproduction read alchemists spent entire lives trying find magic change cheap metals gold
answer question let pick small part body finger thing notice finger covering tissue finger epithelial tissue feel finger bones bones connected finger bone tissue connective tissue move finger muscle tissue moves cut finger feel pain nerve tissue blood flowing cut leaves doubt finger blood tissue answer question part body tissues parts body special jobs chances part organ examples organs parts tissue heart pumps blood muscle tissue connective fibers valves epithelial tissue cover brain thinking control organ nerve tissue blood organ part body special job organ tissues turn fig page shows parts body dealing process known digestion
earlier learned nervous system systems organs tissues cells turn figure neuron shown branch short branches cells sensitive stimuli neurons branches full meter neurons form tissues form thin nerve fibers threads huge telephone system nerve fibers spread form network part body reached nerve fibers pick stimuli nerves bundles nerve fibers put wires inside telephone cable nerves held covering tissue nerves shown fig connected central place body control left leg operate separately leg fingers grasping hard coordination look fig nerves connected call cord nerves brought spinal cord spinal cord runs length backbone enters skull protected injury series bones called vertebrae inside skull nerve tissue forms large organ brain look fig brain parts largest wrinkled part called cerebrum middle section cerebellum lowest part medulla oblongata
speak diet mean weight reducing diet weight gaining diet reasons watching diet disease called diabetes able burn sugar completely unused sugar urine eat fewer carbohydrate foods severe cases injections drug called insulin blood needs extra red blood cells anemia diets foods rich iron met develop rash hives skin eaten foods strawberries allergies foods avoid eating fad popular behaving follow style exciting sounds food fads turn silly heard fish called brain food actually fish brain nourishing food fads pep foods skin foods tired blood foods food fads worth laugh money asked spend real improvements dieting foods milk bread enriched carefully measured amounts vitamins added
plants single cell germs tuberculosis bacteria decay yeasts making wine single cells fungi celled plants food animals cell animals called protozoa type protozoa ameba changing shape paramecium protozoan change shape covered tiny hairs called cilia cilia row animal boat hundreds oars single celled creatures digest food ameba surrounds tiny drop food cytoplasm food inside food vacuole figure cytoplasm food vacuole makes digestive enzymes enzymes change insoluble nutrients soluble form cytoplasm nutrients digestion place paramecium food captured cilia pushed mouth figure food passes gullet food vacuole ameba digestive enzymes dissolve nutrients cell digestive parts perform special functions bread mold grows organic materials shown figure mold sends tiny roots bread orange cheese roots give enzymes digest nutrients mold cells absorb digested food bacteria shown figure roots
seen nutrients pass cell membranes nutrients reread sections learned secret digestion break large molecules nutrients smaller molecules change molecules substance digestion nutrient molecules able enter cells cell membranes talking teeth course food mouth chewed teeth jaws chewed moist saliva cutting grinding action breaks food smaller parts produces greater surface digestive juices act tongue helps move food mouth food small wet swallowed adult human teeth upper jaw lower jaw look figure notice kinds teeth pointed dog teeth canine teeth fangs dog tear food front cutting teeth edges scissors incisor teeth flat grinding teeth called molars baby milk teeth lost replaced present teeth teeth grow molars grow late age later wonder called wisdom teeth
mushrooms known ancient roman times food delicacy molds mushrooms fungi plants chlorophyll obtain food organic decayed material grow dark humid places leaves bark fallen trees examine photo fig plant grows underground coiled tangled branches mushroom fruiting body cap bottom cap gills cups cups tiny spores mushroom produce million spores warning experts identify edible mushrooms poisonous kinds rule eat wild mushrooms saw molds food spoil easy ways prevent foods covered shielded spores floating air method refrigeration low temperatures slow growth molds prove try easy experiment end chapter plants animals activities affect living things molds affect molds important factors living community ecosystem forests molds act decomposers break dead organic matter leaves bark wood seashore lakes decompose dead fish experience scientific research molds medicine curing cheeses molds harmful learn later chapter molds source special substances called antibiotics
chapter saw ameba splits half fission form ameba cells scientists able artificially microscope ameba cutting piece nucleus grow ameba chapter saw cuttings plant parts grow full plants saw separate clump bulbs form plants celled animals form asexual reproduction starfish simple animals backbone live salt water find beach picture figure star formed arms center fishermen discovered cut starfish arm leaving piece center throw sea arm grow complete starfish result starfish form asexual reproduction arm regrows reproduces animal method called regeneration turn wet rock wet log pond find tiny flatworms whitish centimeter simple animals called planaria body planarian cut sections sharp razor blade
examine tree page animals backbone called vertebrates groups vertebrates simplest group water living fish fish sexual reproduction male female fish hobbyist aquarium fish lay eggs cared develop adults types live bearers young born fully developed form fish important food oil products small fish eaten water living animals part nature food chain reproduction fish stocks waters fish maintain hatcheries provide proper conditions fish reproduce large numbers teacher wish dissect fish observe reproductive organs dissection easy perch smelt examples look figure male fish organ called testis special cells testis produce millions sperm cells clump sperm cells called milt sperm cells leave body male fish sperm duct female fish organ called ovary meiosis ovary produces eggs eggs larger sperm yolk clump egg cells called roe roe leave body female fish egg ducts mentioned earlier caviar food delicacy comes roe
healthy organism cells divide orderly controlled manner groups cells begin grow wild abnormal tissue called cancer cancers occur body cancer cells continue grow reproduce called malignant tissue grows bits break original mass travel parts body establish cancers cancers cancer cells crowd normal healthy cells interfere growth function seen earlier leukemia cancer bone marrow white blood cells condition interferes normal production red blood cells marrow leukemia interferes blood functions lung cancer interferes respiration stomach cancer interferes digestion exact cancer clear known sun protection skin cancer constant physical irritation pipe stem lip cancer tars tobacco lung cancer chemicals acting pollutants cancer cancer causing substances called carcinogens arthritis common disease kinds arthritis basically condition swollen joints arms legs parts skeleton results extreme pain interferes movement degenerative disease increasingly worse
order study germs live function control control harmful microbes fronts natural controls scientific invented controls living thousands develop disease called smallpox lucky recovered entire face covered tiny scars pocks smallpox milked cows mild form called cowpox smallpox smallpox today thing true infectious diseases exposed tuberculosis germs disease person family sick influenza flu family stay healthy say immune immunity free disease let course millions germs spores bodies built fight skin figure upper layer cells dead tough impossible germs skin perspiration surface dissolved urea salt hard germs exist air breathed nose filtered tiny hairs dust carry germs stopped hairs
foods polluted method accidental invasion harmful chemicals food chain pesticides chemicals designed kill insects weeds read chemical ddt developed insect killer wiped malaria puerto rico killed fleas lice chickens increased poultry production soon found ddt hitting target meant human beings ddt found settle grass cows ate grass ate cattle found humans getting ill ddt settled fruits vegetation today ddt banned countries scientists found amounts ddt cow human milk dangerously high substances food additives turn harmful pollutants learned red dye food coloring dangerous sodium nitrite added preserve meats frankfurters kill dangerous germs sodium nitrite direct cancer saccharin sugar substitute diabetics sugarless weight reducing diet laboratory tests animals show saccharin cancer natural materials break chemically breakdown rays energy process called radiation uranium coal ordinary rocks granite give rays outer space exposed cosmic rays
judge rely appearance personality chances judgment based appearance physical appearance makes strong impression meet notice condition skin hair nails teeth clothes facial expression posture form greeting contribute appearance meet impression form impression give inherited physical features smallest part physical appearance important proper health care add pleasing appearance impression skin serves protective covering controls body temperature acts barrier germs remarkable tasks skin performs skin body largest organ measures square centimeters sq visible organ body give physician clues person health reason plays important role appearance skin looking understand structure function skin apply basics proper skin care assume skin smooth body covering look cross section skin microscope distinct layers epidermis dermis subcutaneous layer epidermis outer skin layer
learning begins days affecting behavior environment learned cry order communicate needs grew learned talk walk learned social customs attitudes beliefs school acquired knowledge skills broadened behavior traced past learning define learning learning permanent change behavior positive negative learning occurs result experience permanent experience key words definition behavior attributed learning physical growth development affect human actions temporary behavior due illness fatigue drug taking learning occurs basic functions brain perception memory association perception ability receive stimuli sight sound environment memory ability recall past experiences association ability draw conclusions past experiences relate impressions present situations wondered circus animals trained perform amazing tricks circus animal trained learning process called conditioning conditioning rewards punishments desired behavior response specific stimulus animal continually rewarded response respond stimulus repetition desired behavior behavior habit responses stimuli automatic
fear safety alarm fear safeguards danger prepares body action keying nervous system fear heart beat faster increases supply blood sugar muscles prepares body protect danger fight flight relieves feelings fear fear tension produces disappear positive action deal fear fear positive negative emotion fear acts natural protective device threat real consider fears parents taught safety told ride strangers play matches look ways crossing parents instill fears children protect harm learn associate events danger fears safeguard personal safety helpful part fears learn constructive afraid dark common fear young children parents explain need fear dark prejudice instilled fear prejudice fear distrust danger exists prejudiced adults differences ideas threat children don recognize differences learn prejudice fears fears practically hard rid
mental health problem united states today president commission mental health estimated percent population suffer mental emotional problems percent population million need form mental health services estimated children percent mental health problems including emotional disorders behavior disorders delays psychological development million children learning disabilities left untreated mental health consequences hospitals mental emotional illnesses disease understand depth mental health problem aware important facts difficult distinguish mental illness physical illness mental illness includes forms degrees emotional disturbances frequently patients receive help early symptoms facts sound discouraging point field mental health noted deal accomplished evident look history mental health problems history mental disorders begin fossil records show skulls stone age holes bored possibly release evil spirits believed evil spirits caused mental disorders
model airplane glue household cement paint thinner varnish shellac heading list list household products list dangerous drugs called inhalants drugs volatile chemicals intoxication inhaled inhalants nitrous oxide amyl butyl nitrite aerosol propellants dangerous inhalants effects similar alcohol dizziness loss muscle coordination slurred speech blurred vision nausea depression hallucinations loss color perception ringing ears initial effects minutes stage lasts hour drowsiness unconsciousness occur sudden death result fact deaths suffocation uncommon plastic bags sniffing tolerance builds quickly inhalants user need whiffs feel high person user increased amounts chemical needed effects receive expect toxic chemicals sniff irreversible brain nerve damage liver kidney bone damage blood abnormalities low blood pressure weight loss reported inhalant abusers inhalants easily obtained children young drugs teenagers boys frequent users drugs stimulate central nervous system feel active alert nervous called stimulants
found dynamite perfume food wrap pour cars antifreeze disinfectants tinctures mysterious substance called alcohol isopropyl alcohol rubbing alcohol home methanol form alcohol paint thinners varnishes shellac highly poisonous noticed label methanol product caution closed places breathing methanol powerful fumes harmful ethyl alcohol ethanol form alcohol found beverages methanol ethanol mixed result denatured alcohol highly poisonous substance largely industrial purposes ethyl alcohol considered drug centuries alcohol induce anesthesia small quantities ethyl alcohol affects functioning brain nerves alcohol depressant diminishes activity body functions drugs alcohol bad depends alcohol wisely harmless helpful doctors prescribe alcohol patients mild tranquilizer drug widen arteries veins large repeated quantities nonprescription counter drug powerful coma death misused regular basis alcohol addictive drug addict drinker physically mentally alcohol deadly heroin takes longer alcohol kill
eye diseases tragic blindness country diseases glaucoma cataract corneal scarring detached retina diseases damage structures eye destroy sight america lose sight dreaded eye disease glaucoma studies show million early glaucoma knowing blind person lost sight needlessly disease chronic glaucoma strikes older progresses slowly destroy vision eye victim realizes acute congestive glaucoma suddenly age rarely occurs glaucoma aqueous humor produced openings outer margin iris close preventing drainage result fluid pressure builds eyeball makes eyeball hard soft pliable blindness comes complete destruction optic nerve fibers ophthalmologist measure pressure eyeball placing instrument called tonometer cornea glaucoma detected early ophthalmologist vision lost condition noticeable individual vision loss begun lost vision restored medicine surgery prevent loss blindness glaucoma especially tragic early glaucoma effectively stopped simple treatment reason eye pressure checked routinely age younger blood relative glaucoma
grow giant size midgets body children grow adults energetic suffer lack energy answers questions lie scattered masses tissue called endocrine glands figure shows places endocrine glands found studied digestive glands secretions digestive glands pass tiny ducts endocrine glands ducts called ductless glands ductless glands pour secretions directly bloodstream secretions endocrine glands called hormones hormones regulate activities body processes gland overactive secreting hormone kind abnormality underactivity condition endocrine glands small effects body ways testing effects hormones gland partly completely removed tested animal normal activity behavior result animal extracts removed gland animal recovers scientists absence gland responsible abnormal behavior show effects hormone tested animal fed pieces endocrine gland hormone injected animal bloodstream body activity animal demonstrate effects hormone experiments revealed behavior problems
ends small branches distributed muscle synapses called myoneural junctions response motor nerve impulse tiny burst chemical acetylcholine released nerve split substance stimulates muscle making contract split acetylcholine produced effect chemical enzyme acetylcholinesterase released chemical destroys activity acetylcholine preparing muscle contraction normal muscle tires short rest bring full power disease called myasthenia gravis muscles tire rapidly mild exertion improvement occurs rest progressively weaker course severe cases myasthenia drooping eyelids double vision difficulty smiling chewing speaking swallowing breathing general muscle weakness patients milder cases myasthenia mistakenly called lazy myasthenia affect birth age larger number cases occur young women myasthenia gravis treatment percent victims died british doctor mary walker discovered administering neostigmine give myasthenics strength chemical neostigmine raises acetylcholine level muscle nerve junction counteracting acetylcholinesterase drug newer treat patients neostigmine tablet form treat victims disease photographs top page show rapid miraculous improvement produced severe young myasthenic drug called edrophonium tensilon injected
role digestive organ liver secretes liter qt bile bile brownish green fluid salt blood pigment disintegrated red blood corpuscles bile digestive excretory secretion bile flows liver series bile ducts bile ducts join shape base called common bile duct secreted bile travels branch gallbladder bile stored gallbladder food passes duodenum stomach gall bladder contracts releasing bile bile flows common bile duct opening wall duodenum bile enzymes essential digestion fats fats mix water bile alters form milky fluid emulsion fluid prepares fats digestion chapter discussed pancreas endocrine gland secretes hormone insulin discuss role vital digestive gland pancreas whitish gland stomach passes digestive secretion called pancreatic juice small intestine pancreatic juice flowing cells pancreas vital enzymes act classes nutrients pancreatic amylase duplicates action salivary amylase changing starch maltose sugar pancreatic lipase fat splitting enzyme activated bile enzyme fats fatty acids glycerin end products fat digestion protein splitting enzyme pancreatic juice trypsin
colds caused viruses cold specific disease scarlet fever diphtheria organisms capable causing cold present respiratory passages times colds week infection viruses attack mucous membranes causing inflammation irritated membranes secrete unusually large quantity mucus discharged nostrils internal nares infection run course membranes shrink heal colds dangerous reduce body resistance bacterial infection simple head cold lead complications bacterial infection travel deeper respiratory passages invade sinuses refer infection sinuses sinusitis membranes lining nasal passages extend sinuses head cold infection easily reach sinuses mucous membrane infected sinus swells close drainage tube traps mucus converting sinus incubator bacteria viruses pressure infection sinus pain headache membrane shrinks sinus drains treatment severe cases doctor need force water mild antiseptic solution clogged passage clean sinus frontal sinus infections pain eyes especially dangerous pressure burst thin walls spreading infection membranes brain sinus infection lasting days recurs frequently treated doctor soon
valves veins weaken leak longer aid moving blood heart blood forms pools veins stretching walls varicose veins occur legs bulging bluish cords standing skin circulation skin ankles poor ulcers form fail heal discovered early cases treated raising legs applying elastic bandages stockings collapse varicose veins sending blood deeper veins varicose veins result occupation requires standing hours caused excessive overweight tight garters panty girdles half deaths united states caused diseases heart blood vessels number fatalities cardiovascular diseases approaching million deaths diseases combined including cancer percent diseases heart blood vessels caused disorders rheumatic fever high blood pressure hardening arteries discuss rheumatic fever heart damage high blood pressure hardening arteries worst killers discussed chapter chronic disabling diseases rheumatic fever occur age attack childhood estimated million children adults united states rheumatic fever
bite face neck receive medical attention wash wound soap water visit physician animal caught confined notify police public health authorities animal checked rabies kinds poisonous snakes united states copperhead rattlesnake coral snake water moccasin coral snake lives southern states venom poison affects nervous system venom affects blood snake bites occur legs arms wearing thick boots gloves helps give adequate protection snake infested area bite poisonous snake leaves fang marks leave nonpoisonous snake leaves marks horseshoe series scratches begin treatment immediately snake poisonous victim quiet reassuring victim bitten hand remove articles watches bracelets rings clean dress wound immobilize extremity apply ice pack slow blood circulation maintain body temperature treat shock immediately seek medical help fracture hard detect doubt immobilize area signs lead suspect fracture intense pain swelling evidence bruise deformity loss movement
accident statistics country frightening killed accidents million injured attitude accidents happen concerned involved accident added statistics accidents prevented shock destruction accidents reduced planning emergencies objectives safety education stimulate safety awareness prevent accidents plan prepared emergencies youths aged accidents result deaths death combined accident victims age range reason young concerned accidents accidents rank fourth heart disease cancer stroke death ages part story greater number victims suffer disabling injuries injuries permanent national safety council divides accidents general classifications motor vehicle group accounts percent fatal accidents percent disabling injuries involved motor vehicle accident chances killed seriously injured greater type accident accidents lead percent fatal accidents account percent disabling accidents
thousands persons children crippled accidents involving power lawn mowers kinds electrical equipment accidents involve gasoline powered rotary type lawn mower blade mower whirls high rate speed accidents result carelessness operator tries start machine feet accidents occur mowing uphill footing lost instance machine rolls feet operator attempts remove grass clippings debris blade whirling safer power mowing points observed lawn clear rocks nails sticks stones bones wire objects blade pick objects strike operator nearby person starting mower sure feet blade bystanders pets mowing area gasoline tightly sealed container painted red fill gasoline tank engine cold attempt remove object mower motor blade stopped running spark plug disconnected electric motor sure grass dry extremely careful damage cut cord persons drown country swimmers swim learn
ways science search lost object searcher air excitement possibility unexpected corner true science search addition excitement involves periods hard results show effort manner science exciting breakthrough takes months careful experimentation problem solved solution problem creates search goes science search alike ways chances success increased method going job worked ahead instruments helps cases try things help find iron nail bucket sand find small jewel ring lost living room carpet learn temperature bottom lake course temperature surface study chapter asking describe scientist physical scientist differ scientists imagine moment island questions flash mind
live age science imagine live foreign country able speak understand language knowing atomic energy electricity rockets color tv don believe try reading newspaper listening news program radio tv knowledge science knowledge big ideas science application needed understanding things going space age jobs require knowledge science number scientists engineers increases fact estimated ninety percent scientists lived alive today important fact workers field science ways suggest farmer science housewife mechanic nurse occupation require knowledge science debate answer classmates studying science help ask questions thinker question learn science questioning mind important characteristic scientists studying science ask questions learn don answers questions asking questions chance try solve problems experiment hypothesis true
objects matter objects measure amount matter contained object single large pencil matter small counting number objects measure amount matter size indicator amount matter object cubic centimeter iron matter cubic centimeter wood quantity matter increase size increase temperature amount matter present object remains seventeenth century sir isaac newton english physical scientist suggested bit matter attracts bit matter believed greater amount matter objects greater attraction according idea gravitational attraction earth object universe measure force pull call weight object matter weigh object matter attraction earth boy weighing kilograms strong attraction earth boy weighs kilograms reason larger boy matter smaller boy weight object varies distance bodies matter
problem measuring temperature solved scientist easily construct thermometer growth science depends largely ability scientists describe details experiments experiment repeated checked method found allow scientist mark thermometer exactly thermometers scientists early galileo built thermometer usable system calibrating developed german scientist named fahrenheit mixed salt ice called temperature mixture degrees temperature took body called degrees distance set temperatures divided equal spaces called degree scientists course follow procedure close average temperature healthy human body temperature measured fahrenheit thermometer freezing point water boiling point normal body temperature humans feel comfortable air temperatures seventies scientists frequently celsius thermometer freezing point water boiling point celsius temperature scale frequently referred centigrade scale scales names interchangeably
early times spend deal simply collecting fuel order live winter early days country settlement clearing land forest served double purpose making farmland providing supply fuel ensuing winter prehistoric periods warmed fires caves rough shelters knew cut hole roof permit smoke escape fourteenth century manor houses europe chimneys middle fireplaces remained benjamin franklin invented famous franklin stove real improvement heating centuries count von rumford page developed fireplace threw heat nineteenth century stoves cast iron generally ancestors modern heating systems today homes heated ways easy understand convection currents air hot water distribute heat energy radiation plays important part gram water cools degree celsius calorie heat energy released steam condenses gram water calories heat energy released difference steam heating systems houses large buildings
alchemists worked period birth jesus searched change metals gold believed philosopher stone change metals mercury gold tried find elixir substance live longer forever involved trial error approaches classified science today definition spite strange beliefs crude methods simple instruments alchemists number important contributions discovered elements zinc arsenic phosphorus chemicals saltpeter alcohol sulfuric nitric acids chemicals drugs developed laboratory techniques filtering glass blowing science chemistry began american revolution chapter learned theory caloric developed explain heat energy later disproven german scientist named stahl suggested theory burning theory caloric later disproven according stahl substance called phlogiston escaped wood burned iron rusty phlogiston theory accepted famous chemists story theory rejection story birth modern chemistry joseph priestley english clergyman experimented chemistry hobby especially interested gases experiments led discovery oxygen
farmers amateur gardeners products chemistry fertilizers supply plants minerals proper plant growth minerals elements calcium nitrogen phosphorus potassium smaller amounts trace elements include sulfur magnesium iron manganese boron zinc copper molybdenum chlorine parts country soil trace elements plants fertilizers proper amounts elements needed kinds plants special fertilizers grass roses flowering shrubs sold brand names misleading plant foods plants food minerals soil considered scientists food farmers frequently buy fertilizer labeled series numbers numbers amount nitrogen phosphorus potassium fertilizer easy remember number numbers refer elements alphabetical order means percent nitrogen percent phosphorus form percent potassium form production low cost fertilizer custom designed variety plants major accomplishment modern chemistry insects millions dollars worth damage estimated united states insects worth damage crops livestock
chemists found carbon atoms backbone compounds found living things found carbon compounds laboratory organic chemistry longer limited living things organic chemistry defined chemistry carbon compounds key understanding organic chemistry learning carbon atoms bonded atoms elements let start finding carbon beautiful diamond form soot diamonds found mainly south africa east indies brazil ground sparkling stones jeweler showcase cut light reflects diamond hardest known substances abrasive heard cutting stones diamond saw diamonds crystals carbon atoms arranged pattern looks junglegym playground interlocking pattern tinker toy sticks study arrangement carbon atoms diagram figure notice atoms carbon arranged form hexagons sided figures close inspection reveal carbon atoms edges attached carbon atoms diagram arrangement carbon atoms graphite reveals physical properties differ diamond
chemists developed synthetic detergents wash clothes developed synthetic fibers making rayon synthetic fiber substitute silk dissolving cellulose solution forcing solution small holes solution acid acid dissolved cellulose solid form fibers clothes rayon making cords automobile tires method making rayon laboratory workshop page nylon synthetic material process called polymerization process large molecules polymers smaller molecules read starch cellulose polymers found nature case nylon compounds names hexamethylene diamine adipic acid combine form chains nylon figure shows compounds combine sure note small part nylon molecule shown ways nylon don overlook addition clothing dacron orlon produced process polymerization fabrics polymers resistant creasing wrinkling dacron advantage high resistance sunlight look classroom room home kitchen
look clear light bulb shown figure notice current flow fine wire deal resistance filament tungsten metal high melting point air removed bulb prevent filament combining oxygen air replaced gas generally nitrogen argon electrons forced filament hot quickly hot glow white light meaning term incandescent incandescent bulb light certainly superior candles burning gas kerosene previously provided americans light inefficient light electrical energy passes light bulb type changed heat energy types light bulbs produced gases fairly conductors electricity contained bulb low pressure current high voltage forced causing gas molecules give glow color light types bulbs depends type gas neon red color sodium produces yellow mercury glows blue green seen lights type advertising signs street lights figure fluorescent lamps similar bulbs mercury vapor low pressure
important cathode rays construction cathode ray oscilloscope basic part oscilloscope cathode ray tube shown diagram page steady supply electrons produced heated cathode positively charged anodes speed electrons pull cathodes electrons travel straight line anodes controlled allowing pass sets deflecting plates placing small electrical charge plates beam electrons deflected set plates side set plates types cathode ray tubes small electromagnets place deflection plates whichever method result beam electrons moves pattern studying pattern measure characteristics current flowing deflectors order beam electrons visible front face tube coated minerals give light struck electrons glowing called fluorescence electrons strike atoms fluorescent minerals electrons surrounding atoms moved nucleus attracted positive charge nucleus lose energy form light case minerals glow light remains short electron flow stopped
becquerel frenchmen important discovery pierre curie brother discovered piezoelectric effect explained chapter force applied crystals surfaces electrically charged curie brothers principle build electrometer measure small amounts electricity pierre curie married student poland france study science marie curie research doctor degree decided husband electrometer measure amount radiation substances soon found amount radiation varied number uranium atoms present difference uranium atoms combined elements discovered element thorium gave radiation uranium pierre curie realized importance wife findings joined investigation radioactivity ore named pitchblende source uranium found piece pitchblende radioactive usual fact measurements calculations showed radioactive pure uranium concluded piece pitchblende element radioactive uranium curies set isolate unknown element dissolved pieces pitchblende acid carried chemical reactions separate unknown element months able isolate element times radioactive uranium
important experiment performed england thin beam sunlight allowed pass triangular piece glass single narrow beam white light entered prism broad rainbow color seen experiment performed experiment important presence sir isaac newton newton reasoned prism broken sunlight parts white light actually composed colors mixed test idea prism beam colored light changed rainbow beam ordinary light rainbow newton worked called spectrum look carefully figure opposite page beam light enters prism refracted spectrum bands red orange yellow green blue violet light formed notice red band formed light refracted violet band formed light refracted colors fall recalling learned refraction section chapter figure color light slowed passes prism difference waves colored light frequency wavelength section chapter learned speed wave calculated multiplying length wave frequency wave
scientists knowledge nature colored light print colored photographs actually types color film produce colored slides produce colored prints pictures types film discussed color film cameras light sensitive layers film layers treated special silver compounds absorb wavelengths light records blue light sensitive green light layer responds red light light enters camera focused film passes layer blue light absorbed makes chemical change silver salt molecules touches yellow filter beneath film layer absorb blue light pass light minus blue wavelengths strikes layer film green wavelengths absorbed silver salts chemical change salts red wavelengths light remain enter layer film affect silver molecules excess light absorbed black backing film developing process layered negative produced images reflected blue light camera seen dark images blue sensitive layer
difficult separate engineer scientist scientists discovering knowledge try find ways apply knowledge development processes products training scientist engineer fields similar major branches physical science chemistry physics divided special fields learned read book chemists specialize chemical compounds carbon called college degrees specialties types jobs physical scientists federal government governments physical scientists earn living working industry nearly fourths physical scientists united states chemists half chemists chemical manufacturing degrees physics electrical industries aerospace instrument chemical companies case engineers professional chemist physicist bachelor degree college future scientist studies english social sciences mathematics sciences spent largely studying specialized science subjects advanced degrees master doctor degrees required person wants research physical science
chemistry covers broad scope intellectual experimental activities opportunities exist wish pursue careers chemists chemical engineers chemical technicians chemistry fields endeavor education ability interest determine person career opportunities chemists pursue gratifying careers wide range scientific activities conduct basic research quest knowledge understanding involved technology applied chemistry application chemistry processes supply material needs perform chemical analyses supervise production develop manufacturing processes manage chemically oriented organizations technical writing sales marketing consultants teach chemistry universities colleges high schools chemists earn law degrees patent attorneys special technical qualifications chemical engineers chemists engineering training concerned large scale industrial processes involved design construction operation equipment required chemical processes frequently specialize marketing aspects industry chemical technicians supervision professional chemist chemist design plan procedures technician carry laboratory chemical technicians trained instruments perform laboratory operations centuries ago skilled workers undoubtedly practical chemical knowledge working bronze recovering iron ore making pigments pottery practice alchemy middle ages forerunner chemistry
chemistry study structure composition matter composition mechanisms occur methods chemistry involve metric measurements require basic computations measurement data pursue study essential basic concepts matter recognized matter occupies space mass includes materials found nature materials parts alike dissimilarities subtle readily apparent matter parts properties heterogeneous granite common rock heterogeneous composed minerals characteristic properties distinctly parts easily observed materials uniform parts alike properties part identical properties parts matter identical properties homogeneous sugar ordinary table salt examples homogeneous materials kinds matter materials chemists difficult consuming study materials organizing similar groups method classifying matter according phases solid liquid gas matter divided general classes basis properties elements compounds mixtures ways classifying matter study chemistry simpler figure helpful study sections
common type hydrogen called protium atoms simplest composition nucleus protium atom consists proton proton electron moving electron found distance nucleus innermost shell lowest energy level electron occupy shell energy level called shell energy level illustration help understand sizes distances particles protium atom picture nucleus proton cm diameter diameter end finger comparatively smaller electron average nucleus distance half length football field electron thought moving nucleus effectively occupying space surrounding addition protium makes naturally occurring hydrogen known forms hydrogen atoms deuterium occurs extent nature deuterium atom nucleus proton neutron electron moving form hydrogen tritium tritium radioactive form exists nature small amounts prepared artificially nuclear reaction tritium atom nucleus composed proton neutrons electron moving
formula compound correctly represents composition substance composition compound determined chemical analysis formula derived analysis data applying concepts atomic theory chemical bonding procedure determining formulas compounds discussed section write formulas common compounds composition data chemical analyses ionic compounds positively negatively charged ions constitute compounds list common ions charges presented table proficient writing formulas compounds correctly ions charges listed table memorized observe exception ammonium ions mercury ions positively charged ions listed table monatomic names elements derived cases positive negative charge monatomic ion directly related position element periodic table elements groups ii vii examples recall atoms group metallic elements characterized presence single unpaired electron outer shell ionization energies group low ionization energies higher suggests single electron removed relative ease group atom leaving monatomic ion stable electron configuration preceding noble gas
representing chemical occur chemical reactions writing chemical equations balanced chemical equation concise symbolized expression chemical reaction quantitative statement proportionate number moles chemical species enters reaction formed reaction step writing chemical equations involves describing basic facts reaction systems word equations verbal equation statement names chemical species involved reaction reaction system chemical species react called reactants species formed called products word equation give quantities reactants products formed word equation qualitative descriptive significance experiments show combustion hydrogen air atmosphere pure oxygen produces water combustion product word equation combustion reaction hydrogen oxygen water arrow expression yields sign conveys information chemical reaction occurs read react yield yields word equation ordinarily read hydrogen oxygen react yield water simply hydrogen oxygen yield water word equation signifies hydrogen oxygen react chemically form water briefly states experimental fact conditions reaction occurs relative quantities hydrogen oxygen relative quantity water formed
blazing splint continues burn air burns vigorously pure oxygen glowing splint lowered bottle pure oxygen bursts flame immediately glowing splint lowered bottle colorless odorless gas bursts flame gas oxygen test commonly identify oxygen higher order animals oxygen enters lungs inhaled air diffuses thin membranes lungs bloodstream passes tissues fluids body fish animals breathe gills oxygen air dissolved water plants simplest bacteria require oxygen important industrial oxygen oxygen large quantities basic oxygen method making steel removing surface impurities steel slabs welding cutting steel welding cutting iron steel oxygen acetylene torches depending proportion oxygen temperature selection catalyst products formed pure oxygen reacts coal natural gas liquid fuels mixture hydrogen carbon monoxide results mixture synthetic gasoline methanol ammonia conditions partially oxygenated carbon hydrogen compounds formed detergents synthetic rubber compounds antifreeze pure oxygen air oxygen added persons suffering pneumonia diseases
electronegativity measure tendency atom molecule attract shared electrons section hydrogen atoms form distinctly polar covalent bonds atoms highly electronegative elements fluorine oxygen nitrogen hydrogen end polar bonds unique thought essentially exposed proton shared electrons strongly attracted highly electronegative atom hydrogen effect unequal sharing leave hydrogen nucleus proton electron shield isolate positive charge unique character hydrogen end bond polar molecules formed experience strong intermolecular forces positive hydrogen end molecule attract highly electronegative atom molecule strongly form loose chemical bond bond molecules called hydrogen bond section hydrogen bonds hydrogen fluorine stronger oxygen common figure uniqueness polar bonds atoms hydrogen highly electronegative elements accounts hydrogen bonding molecules elements share electrons highly electronegative elements differ hydrogen significant atoms shell electrons continue isolate shield nuclear charges polar bonds formed positive ends bonds unique character hydrogen polar bonds
section water soluble substances distinguished electrolytes nonelectrolytes depending electric conductivity aqueous solutions electrolytes form ionic solutions conduct electric currents nonelectrolytes covalent substances form molecular solutions conduct electric currents exceptions covalent acids aqueous solutions ionic conductors aqueous solution conductive solute capable transporting electric charge neutral molecules covalent solute charge carriers solution conduct ions ionic solute charge carriers magnitude current solution conducts related solute ion concentration conductivity solution tested shown figure lamp connected test circuit ammeter battery source current switch pair electrodes electrodes conductors electric contact test solution observe lamp filament connected series test solution current lamp filament meter test solution provide conducting path electrodes nonconducting solution effect open switch electrodes current circuit liquid tested conductor electric current lamp filament glows brightly switch closed meter registers substantial current circuit liquid moderate conductor lamp bright meter registers smaller current
electrolytes substances aqueous solutions conduct electric current solutions ions substances historically classified acids bases salts sense acids substances react water form hydronium ions definition acids limited aqueous solutions bases electrolytes provide hydroxide ions aqueous solutions salts ionic compounds metal nonmetal composition solids salts ionic crystalline structure aqueous solutions dissociated separate metallic nonmetallic hydrated ions bases salts treated detail beginning sections acids group share common structural characteristic ionized water molecules contribute hydrogen ions aqueous solution expected acids share common set properties varying degrees acids sour taste caution taste test identify acid sour taste lemon juice citric acid cider vinegar acetic acid familiar acids corrosive poisonous acids hydrogen acids liberate hydrogen reactions metals effect acids color indicators neutralization bases concerns chapter nearly fruits acids common foods lemons oranges grapefruit citric acid apples malic acid souring milk produces lactic acid rancid butter butyric acid fermentation hard cider forms acetic acid vinegar
knocking occurs automobile engine mixture gasoline vapor air cylinders explodes spontaneously burning uniform rate knocking loss power harm engine prevented gasoline resists tendency explode spontaneously temperature pressure increase cylinder air mixtures gasoline consists straight chain hydrocarbons tend knock badly automobiles air mixtures hydrocarbons branched chains rings resist exploding spontaneously temperature pressure cylinder increase branched chain ring hydrocarbons tendency knock straight chain hydrocarbons improve antiknock qualities refiners produce gasoline mixture large proportion branched chain ring hydrocarbon molecules compounds added gasoline small amounts improve antiknock properties known lead tetraethyl pb lead tetraethyl gasoline reduced contributes air pollution octane rating gasoline number tendency gasoline knock high compression engine higher number tendency gasoline knock determine octane rating gasoline burned standard test engine performance test engine compared fuel known octane rating fuels standards heptane trimethylpentane named iso octane
chemical reactions exothermic endothermic processes reaction amount chemical binding energy changed thermal internal energy vice versa energy change measured heat released absorbed reaction energy change measured change heat content substances reacting chemical reactions generally carried open vessels volumes change vessels pressures remain constant heat content substance constant pressure called enthalpy substance symbol enthalpy heat content constant pressure process exothermic total heat content products lower reactants products endothermic reaction higher heat content reactants mole substance characteristic heat content characteristic mass heat content measure internal energy stored substance formation stored heat content measured directly change heat content occurs chemical reaction measured quantity heat released exothermic change heat absorbed endothermic change called heat reaction heat reaction quantity heat released absorbed chemical reaction heat reaction measured final system brought temperature initial
heat energy released absorbed chemical reactions heat reaction exothermic reaction products total heat content lower reactants endothermic reaction products heat content higher reactants inclusion heat reaction information chemical equation reaction customary energy change important equation called thermochemical equation heat content substance represented letter expressed kilocalories mole change heat content difference heat content products reactants represented endothermic reactions positive quantity exothermic reactions negative heat content reaction systems related number bonds breaking forming strengths bonds reactants form products heat reaction released absorbed formation mole compound elements called heat formation stability compound related heat formation heat reaction released complete combustion mole substance called heat combustion heat formation compound formed directly elements determined heat combustion heats formation combustion products driving force reaction systems consists tendencies processes occur lead lower energy highter entropy disorder
chemical industry quantities sulfur dioxide oxidized sulfur trioxide sulfur trioxide combined water forming sulfuric acid section dried fruits apricots prunes treated sulfur dioxide acts preservative sulfurous acid harm fibers wool silk straw paper bleach materials believed sulfurous acid converts colored compounds materials colorless sulfites sulfurous acid reacts limestone form calcium hydrogen sulfite ca wood chips heated calcium hydrogen sulfite solution step paper making hot solution dissolves lignin binds cellulose fibers wood cellulose fibers left unchanged processed form paper sulfur dioxide produced sulfur coal burned sulfide ores smelted waste gases newer industrial plants treated remove sulfur dioxide millions metric tons enters atmosphere annually sulfur dioxide reacts oxygen water vapor air form sulfuric acid oxides nitrogen principally nitrogen monoxide nitrogen dioxide air combustion products coal automobile engines section nitrogen monoxide reacts oxygen air form nitrogen dioxide nitrogen dioxide reacts water vapor air form nitric acid oxide acid pollutants sulfur nitrogen carried miles atmosphere prevailing winds
french scientist henri becquerel studying properties minerals interested ability fluoresce give visible light exposed sunlight minerals sample uranium ore accident becquerel found uranium ore invisible rays discovered rays penetrate lightproof covering photographic plate affect film exposed light rays directly substances give invisible rays radioactive property called radioactivity radioactivity spontaneous breakdown unstable atomic nucleus release particles rays becquerel interested source radioactivity suggestion pierre marie curie began investigate properties uranium ores soon learned uranium uranium compounds mildly radioactive discovered uranium ore pitchblende times amount radioactivity expected basis uranium content curies discovered radioactive metallic elements pitchblende elements polonium radium accounted high radioactivity pitchblende radium times radioactive mass uranium radium found uranium ores occurs ores greater proportion part radium parts uranium reason proportion explained section
chain reaction material energy starts reaction products fissions pu produce chain reactions neutron fission nucleus neutrons fission occurs fission nuclei neutrons emitted fission nuclei chain reaction continues atoms split neutrons fail strike nuclei happens uncontrolled chain reaction explosion nuclear warhead nuclear reactor device controlled fission radioactive material produces radioactive substances energy earliest nuclear reactors built oak ridge tennessee reactor natural uranium lattice type structure blocks graphite forming framework spaced blocks graphite rods uranium encased aluminum cans protection control rods neutron absorbing boron steel inserted lattice limit number free neutrons reactor air cooled rods uranium uranium oxide nuclear fuel reactor energy released reactor comes uranium nuclei graphite moderator slows fast neutrons produced fission makes readily captured nucleus effective producing additional nuclear
map show real things earth farmlands hills mountains rivers oceans cities crops minerals things shown map marks marks called symbols mapmakers kinds symbols lines dots colors small pictures map shows map show things order understand map trying tell read map key key found corner map explains symbols map mean called legend map look key read map title map part key map page shows north american continent part south america thin black line show land water meet line symbol coastline black line called shoreline coastline symbols crooked irregular showing places harbors seaports seaport city water goods boat large land areas map called continents mainlands smaller land areas map small land area entirely surrounded water island peninsula piece land entirely surrounded water isthmus narrow strip land joining larger bodies land
water covers percent earth surface percent land important reason course live land land areas called continents islands depending size continents asia largest australia smallest asia size comes africa north america south america europe antarctica finally australia antarctica huge mass land covered layers snow ice look globe look earth north pole look south pole land earth northern hemisphere percent earth surface south equator water oceans connected important trade routes north equator powerful nations northern hemisphere chief kinds land forms earth mountains hills plateaus plains land surface earth land forms lands crossed rivers geographers write talk land forms word topography mountains masses land rise high surrounding areas top peak mountains grouped ranges chains mountain chains earth
kinds climate rarely single country kind climate chapter summary give main points kinds climatic regions found divided climatic regions latitudes low latitudes middle latitudes high latitudes poles low latitude climates rain forest savanna desert tropical rain forest hot wet climate lowlands equator large rain forests located south america central africa southeast asia rain forest sun shines overhead hot rain falls temperatures seldom rise damp sticky thick jungles sun reaching ground jungle cut grows quickly north south rain forests tropical savannas grasslands lands seasons winter dry season summer wet season dry season grasses turn brown hot sun burns earth water streams lower lower rainy season rain pours river beds fill muddy water water floods land ground soft muddy
communist rulers call governments democracies deception china government called republic east germany called democratic republic actually running government communist countries communist countries acting government real soviet union ruled highly members powerful communist party united states soviet union written constitution drawn sets union republics constitution promises rights citizens promises free speech free press assembly freedom religion federal government republics national government power republics power fifty states united states supreme soviet lawmaking body congress houses elected basis population house representatives representatives republic senate separate representatives members supreme soviet elected citizens age meets days members communist party approved communist party hold office supreme soviet
easy tell going inside soviet union iron curtain secrecy hard truth communist news receives soviet government wants unlike happens free countries failures seldom reported visitors soviet union generally rulers want times changing encouraged visit soviet union talk soviet result able learn facts soviet union summary learned ussr help picture vast communist country standing soviet union united states industrial production effort raise production iron steel goods oil natural gas waterpower machinery machine tools makes nation strong soviet union powerful armed forces army large trained soviet jets ships respected military experts soviet union possesses largest destructive types bombs tested fact missiles nations asia africa soviet union success
region history kinds farm animals oxen sheep goats pigs dogs tamed early hunters farmers middle east tamed wild donkeys camels animals cross desert knew find water desert grow crops oases crops part wheat barley melons region figs dates grown farmers settled early river valleys north africa middle east noticed rivers flooded land learned dam water flooded let needed rules water government laws enforced civilizations began river valleys nile tigris euphrates babylonia civilizations tigris euphrates valley babylonia egypt learned things learned grow crops irrigate farmlands lived cities form picture writing egyptians wrote treated leaves papyrus plant word paper papyrus egyptian writing called hieroglyphics babylonians chisel write clay tablets
africa called unknown continent today longer unknown parts africa knows mystery africa caused partly geography continent chapter going learn reasons africa known rest africa plateau coastal plain lowlands land rises sharply coast plateaus vary feet kilometers sea level surface continent saucer coasts land rises dips center plateaus africa south sahara drained hollowed large rivers congo called zaire zambezi niger rivers begin high ground flow rapidly downhill narrow coastal plains drop rapids falls travel rivers boats stop rapids travelers land place board boat congo widely transportation large rivers rivers form muddy deltas sandbars mouths eastern coast range mountains extends south africa northward ethiopia range high peaks mount kilimanjaro feet kilometers high
learned climate sahara africa rain forest savanna climates farming despite fact africa south sahara farmers herders cattle starting rain forest let kind farming carried live rain forest live small villages stream river village houses small dark cone shaped roofs grass leaves shape roof rain run quickly village clearings main food crops bananas yams rice manioc manioc plant root potato source bread rain forest peoples crops grow fruits vegetables small gardens women farm clearing simple tools hoe digging stick yields fields low fish hunt meat hard cows rain forest die tropical diseases crop hunt plenty eat food spoils heat crops poor problem food earn money gathering palm oil nuts rubber sell traders plantations
nations africa free today nations independent true freedom explosion place ending colonial empires africa european nations partly responsible change african continent important understand remember europeans interested africa explorers found riches leading countries western europe needed raw materials africa divided colonies countries united kingdom france germany colonies belgium gained possession valuable congo europeans africa taught africans things order bring riches mines forests built roads railroads bring ore products sea brought schools health care africans trained africans run railroads offices educated africans amount leadership system imperialism colonialism united kingdom france belgians germans portuguese prepare africans independence british french gave attention colonies war ii africans served armies allies war saw peoples gaining freedom india indonesia
population nations asia continuing grow rapidly land farmed problem feeding growing population cases food imported order buy food abroad country goods sell products nation mines fields factories japan nation asia realize depend land feed large population result changed ways living change japan rapidly japanese bought machines west built factories imported raw materials nations small amount coal swift flowing mountain streams sources power factories country large population provided plenty workers factories schools trained jobs japan ranks total production goods services united states produces japan leads producing ships cars cameras watches tvs making cement aluminum rubber computers chemicals plastics japan largest merchant fleet fleet brings islands needed oil metals machinery food asian countries trying industrialize increasing production mines mills exploring minerals oil
china billion nation percent crowded east northeast fertile soil rainfall living china ethnic chinese descendants chinese read chapter result share cultural heritage stretches thousand farmers living fertile valleys eastern part country large cities percent chinese live major cities lowlands deltas formed major rivers chief city south shanghai mouth yangzi port million large cities south nanjing nanking hangzhou hangchow chongjing chungking guangzhou canton guangzhou located delta formed xi river largest cities north beijing peking capital tianjin tientsin chief language chinese written language spoken differently place place chinese spelled alphabet chinese characters symbols pictures stand words thousand symbols remember written language hard learn chinese government trying written language simpler fewer simpler symbols
south himalaya mountains asia large triangular peninsula half size united states called subcontinent separated rest asia mountains seas occupied countries india bangladesh pakistan nation india covers india seventh largest nation taking square miles square kilometers million largest population himalaya mountains form northern border india small countries mountains nepal bhutan mountains miles kilometers high passes northwest famous khyber pass connecting pakistan country afghanistan rivers indian subcontinent ganges brahmaputra indus begin himalayas fed rains melting snows high mountains south mountains plain stretches east west subcontinent western part plain drained indus river eastern part valley ganges brahmaputra rivers live valley land fertile watered southern edge plain bordered vindhya mountains mountains low divided india customs language dress living north mountains living south
australia land dry farming land australia produces food population needs food exporters sends shiploads meat dairy products europe let find northern australia hot rainy plantations sugar cane tropical fruits pineapples bananas coconuts raised large amounts fruits exported sugar cane lands reach brisbane halfway northern southern australia sugar food export south brisbane fruit dairy farming takes place narrow coastal plains summers cool plenty rain winds pacific ocean result pasture land dairy farmers cattle modern equipment barns supply nearby cities dairy products western side mountains southwestern australia wheat lands fields large land level machinery farmers grow deal wheat wheat chief farm crop australia wool important farm export wheat farmers raise sheep farther west mountains dry grow wheat grass sheep grazing area huge sheep ranches called stations
australia largest countries driest desert occupies percent land area important lakes rivers lack water means small part land farmed order solve problem australians remarkable things important projects change course snow river river rises eastern mountains flows eastward australians digging tunnel mountains water flow western side water needed parts australian continent explored desert separated eastern coast country railroad crosses continent city perth west coast need roads railways air routes spanning continent air routes easier establish railroads air travel increase australia future australia problem defending war ii australia zealand felt safe invasion thought rest war japanese forces close borders australia capturing islands continent japan bombed city darwin north battle coral sea american navy stopped advance japanese saved australia invasion
history humans cursed war war ii terrible war known million killed battle millions died starvation bombings wounds persecutions warfare horrible representatives nations met form organization help peace charter constitution drawn form united nations organization headquarters organization located york city began un strong force peace united states un percent money un war ii scientists developed terrible weapon atom bomb bomb dropped united states japanese cities hiroshima nagasaki august killed injured bombings powerful nuclear bombs tested united states soviet union united kingdom france china india tested newer bombs airplanes missiles carry bombs targets hundreds thousands miles matter minutes power destroy large areas nation seconds question nations able atomic weapons united states soviet union united kingdom signed treaty agreeing explode nuclear weapons water air outer space
orange county original counties created english government named orange honor prince william orange later king william iii england formed orange county boundaries today included land rockland county half land orange county crawford mount hope montgomery newburgh windsor wallkill parts deerpark hamptonburgh included original orange county boundaries part ulster county lived county named prince william orange york manhattan county caretaking population settled area orange county formed government nearly century boundary lines stayed governing easier section known rockland county set government reason crawford mount hope montgomery newburgh windsor part deerpark hamptonburgh town wallkill ulster county added orange boundary lines orange county remained boundary lines place counties towns villages communities land areas settled
early inhabitants legends stories story showed thousands ago land known orange county crossed land bridge asia alaska hunters searching food traveled eastward finally arrived area explanation story today scientists agree scientists agree natives lived simply hunted fished farmed deer raccoons rabbits animals provided meat eat skins animals provided clothes materials building huts vary diets caught fresh fish collected shellfish lakes rivers land grew corn pumpkins beans squash preserve food winters vegetables pieces meat dried area items native americans everyday lives displayed places trailside museum bear mountain park land water sun rain provided needed native americans worshipped things respect love nature prevented taking land absolutely need policy leads call native americans conservationists belief land sacred belonged lived strange european settlers europeans believed important family land european settlers treaties agreements native americans obtain sole rights land
sarah wells adopted daughter christopher elizabeth denn eighteen parents put aboard sloop headed windsor claim land wawayanda patent land denns queen england prepared journey heart orange county goshen traveling sarah number carpenters build home denns native americans lead pack horses carried spade pails beds kettles bowls candlesticks candles frying pan tin plates saucers coffee tea chocolate knives forks potatoes sugar flour biscuits ham items cows bulls dogs journey evening safely reached windsor hudson river otterkill creek join morning built raft cross creek party crossed side traveled land twenty miles site marked monument sarah wells trail goshen log hut quickly built carpenters native americans weeks later sarah foster parents finally arrived horseback known staten island young sarah known white woman settle goshen area read story sarah wells coming orange county young girl interested finding happened grew older
need machine roads highways exist orange county travel roads wonder built story transportation orange county begins settlers early residents traveled paths native americans needed goods supplies needed routes carrying major roads built jersey kingston route transported copper jersey mines kingston export abroad routes needed transport goods river ports today roads routes sarah wells trail roads thing common terrible travel farmers busy summer fall traveling winter spring winter put runners wagons carts spring carts stuck mud stagecoach driver monroe area complain condition roads claimed horses ears sticking mud driver talking road orange turnpike extends monroe southfields residents sides roads supposed maintain towns roadmasters charge making sure local gave money roads shape
books written explain influence railroads orange county tell history railroading chapter impossible read rail lines took place county arrival iron horse erie started known today tappan zee bridge climbed rockland county erie north monroe westerly route opened mid summer stations greycourt chester september car trains goshen short erie continued middletown port jervis later stretched upstate port jervis shore lake erie line built idea idea thought tom selleck station agent chester suggested local farmers ship milk rail york city farmers laughed milk open pails shipped spilled milk cool prevent spoilage kinds containers designed carry milk milk cooled put containers shipped soon lines york city waiting orange county milk milk superior quality orange county cows fed cows york city
need machine era air transportation colonial times look early settlers capsule handy goat ax suppose items common learned early settlers county farmers lives hard simple clearing farming lands worked sun sun typical farm orange county contained hundred acres farmer farm land took clear hundred acres peter townsend sterling iron works hired axes cut thick brush land matter hard worked brush grew townsend upset land cleared moment frustration idea bought goats put land winter stripped land brush told farmers idea soon goats clear lands brambles brush thing farmer build home shelter family cases log building description dutch hollow homes monroe greenwood lake area shows crude homes
classmates teacher spend discussing culture book culture orange county changed days early settlers brought cultures europe africa county found culture native americans lived generations culture learned land gradually cleared grow things live trapping fishing roads canals built later water power machines saw culture grew isolated small settlements mining lumbering crop farming dairy farming shipping foreign trade finally manufacturing chapter find numerous references art forms activities contribute culture classmates grow continue learn develop appreciation culture orange county widen perspective appreciate cultures nation county rich architectural history read buildings carefully preserved restored give accurate picture past half centuries newburgh andrew jackson downing developed style architecture designed country homes called villas fancy style fit natural surroundings
relax money pockets residents orange county wanted shows enjoy forms entertainment half nineteenth century opera houses built bull opera house constructed middletown entertainer barnum circus fame performed audience march chester built opera hall engineer erie railroad changed train schedule accommodate wanted attend performances opera hall amusement hall florida vail opera house opened newburgh academy music built auditorium seated famous personalities performed edwin booth brother john wilkes booth entertainment centers forerunners theaters orange county sport harness racing roots orange county sport early history goshen historic track standardbred horse breeding farms dotted area orange county trotter considered kind century nation buy special kind racing horse hall fame trotter located beautiful stable goshen main street created honor sport harness racing trotting horse club america headed roland harriman opened museum
hospitals infirmaries clinics orange county offer variety medical services residents preventive medicine longer fear diseases smallpox polio hospital community hospital needed medical attention civil war communities looked ways govern communities generally heavily populated cities cities orange county newburgh incorporated middletown port jervis cities places experiment ideas telephone ideas telephone companies began operating newburgh middletown thomas edison hired build generating plant newburgh plant supplied electricity local residents twentieth century cities continued attract citizens population increased nations cultures moved cities today cities large shopping malls malls offer larger variety merchandise shopper hometown shop live port jervis want research floods caused damage city citizens port jervis totally cut steps prevent future floods neversink delaware rivers angry rise students cities smaller communities enjoy reading blizzard
school read question answer yes school true part truth suppose talk fish lives tank water asked question answer yes big water living thing fish answered tank water knows tank food dropped tank comes fresh water supplied living course farther fish small part live surprised learn faraway places advantage fish animal read understand pictures imagine things seen book help find lies part learn lands waters earth learn share earth begin study earth looking
today easy study earth known course seen half maps globes give facts earth maps globes maps learn earth discover earth took job finished today learning facts earth true stories telling learned earth tell sailors sailed seas found continents found facts room book tell stories took help learn true size shape earth willing believe things asking questions thing women ask willing try ways things find things pass truths build facts story person dared think wonder dared prove things
magellan ship sailed studied maps magellan voyages explorers learned earth maps globes show large land water bodies began exploring lands mountain sea lake river discovered map makers showed maps magellan found india going south america explorers route passed began farther south continent antarctica person travel continent roald amundsen amundsen norway country northern europe ship called fram sailed antarctica landed bay camp set exploring trip traveled snow sleds drawn dogs inland returned told antarctica continent completely covered ice snow amundsen sailed fram arctic ocean found northern ocean frozen sea ago american explorers sailed arctic ocean submarine submarine ship travels water crossed arctic ocean traveling ice explored sea trip bottom pacific ocean
suddenly baya thought plan help molali animals kisangani sell money medicine find road sure catch ride truck city reach road forest find path losing baya remembered forgotten days initiation begin home father decide run afraid face grew hot shame thought molali began moan baya heard mother move side give medicine molali getting worse felt sure knew city medicine tell parents let waited mother bed house quiet arose put clothes moonlight shone room gathered toy animals put square cloth tied corners cloth knot slung bundle shoulder silently left house soon crossing field women worked morning
sled stopped nik ar took harnesses dogs spent big dog named manilak worked today didn nik yes boy lips parted broad smile fine dog dog pack prove nik laughed happily prove nik loved big dog ar manilak puppy liked dogs eskimo dogs show love masters serve manilak small puppy crawl close boy ar manilak put soft warm nose boy hand ar stroke pup think mine dog belong feed someday manilak dog pack ar guess trouble dog manilak soon share certainly looking husky team handsome manilak hair thick shining strong quick ready pull share load strength beauty allowed lead dog ar unhappy manilak lead pack
canada groups eskimos read groups called copper eskimos live mouth coppermine river live place waters coppermine river flow arctic ocean sand coppermine river mixed copper copper reddish brown mineral minerals natural materials rock iron plants animals copper found sand coppermine river pure eskimos wash sand beat copper spearheads pots things need copper eskimos live white ar family buy goods white traders region warmer places coppermine river region ar nik island happens places meet learned learn white traders living north buildings home build stores homes lumber brought ships find buildings lumber warm cold climate bank houses snow earth learn white trading post wear kind clothes eskimos wear
learned bare dead desert comes alive watered cool green food giving oasis water keeps earth moist oases live oases living farming oases sahara small watered single spring water supply large furnish food city oasis larger earth live country called egypt country egypt desert waste nile river oasis nile lies eastern end sahara find river map page find globe page travelers sahara surprised pointed sail moving sand dunes distance looks boat sailing desert sands reach top hill boat sailing sand floating waters nile river side river narrow strip farm land greenest richest farm land find fields look piece bright green ribbon stretched desert sand rocks
luisa saw llamas animals coming mountain trail rosita crying bitterly luisa guessed crying quick eye saw matter line llamas walking lightly proudly trail tomaso missing rosita luisa grabbed arm shook stop crying answer don late coming looked looked rosita told lose sight animals promised rosita burst louder crying true promised happen stopped watching minutes hush scolded luisa cry tell tomaso ate chuno lunch chuno potatoes frozen dried animals found patch grass sat started knit wanted knit doll sell fair watched animals going knit animals caught tomaso flock afternoon cried luisa
temperature place depends partly altitude temperature depends equator depends moisture air learned winds help change temperature fan piece paper feel cooler stand hot air blows temperature warm winds blow warm regions cooler temperature cooler places raised winds blow cold regions warmer temperature warmer places lowered temperature kind wind blows place important temperature live swimming skating depends temperature temperature important reason parts kinds homes helps explain wear kinds clothes warm cool helps explain kinds food eat sure remember temperature distance equator amount moisture air altitude temperature winds blow peru country kinds crops west side andes dry
sandra ronnie johnson wait news announcer television finish knew weather news watch weather report television night evening eager learn weather wish hurry sandra news announcer stand latest tomorrow weather brought friend carmen martinez won friends valley center ronnie says rain tomorrow mrs johnson put newspaper reading ronnie reporter weather want weather pleases mom ronnie stopped short moment carmen martinez face appeared television screen started weather story map united states pointed parts map sandra ronnie watched understand meant carmen martinez moved map talked weather places wasn going say valley center news living valley center area bright sunny tomorrow winds blow west ten miles hour warm pleasant
part parade announcer tells famous explorers meriwether lewis william clark white explore land west missouri river living indians part country lewis clark explored president country lewis clark exploring trip west told maps land asked friendly indians lewis clark starting exploring trip boat going missouri river boxes boat hold food things trip lewis clark moved missouri river cold weather stopped built shelter winter met french trader indian wife indian language indian woman bird woman bird woman belonged tribe indians lived farther west ten indians war captured brought part country home lewis clark needed show west asked french trader bird woman bird woman spoke indian languages help talk indians map country
united states america hundreds communities larger valley center smaller matter large small community problems problems living big solved community need communities solving problems country divided states group communities joined communities ways living government helps live want boys girls communities school government makes sure communities build schools children school needs roads goods moved community collects money taxes builds roads government helps protect health ways sees water pure safe drinking sees food sold safe eat city center government capital communities vote women capital capital women meet laws
learned country makes rules laws country making laws carrying called government countries form government country republic republic form government citizens choose law makers peru switzerland read high mountains tower republics republics pupils school government classrooms help teacher choose leaders voting rules class plans class party decide send card sick classmate classes decide things chance ideas known government country works small governments classrooms citizen vote means voter say running government voter vote law passed country big voters choose women laws carry voter help run government voting leaders citizens united states help run government help obeying laws
court part government power settle quarrels persons groups persons power deal lawbreakers courts officers called judges highest court united states supreme court government country money pay part money run government money called taxes money person earns taxes pays money taxes pays government pays things government builds roads pays mail carriers police officers helps pay schools protects war help sick develops resources parks enjoy things build roads parks things want costs money free government hires workers jobs pay money pay bills comes taxes want government things pay higher taxes special city needed center government leaders government live country laws laws carried
interesting important fact noticed read book inventions civilized humans human beings comfortable necessarily happier tito primitive home found joy living modern home true person joy living rules getting change bogana lived thick rain forest father ashamed son bogana unhappy unhappy wants thought coward nik ar knew civilized ways understood importance honesty country slow learning live peace terrible wars past today countries living peace earth resources fighting wars large numbers food clothing thousands women children left homes human beings learned learning live peace greatest problem lies peoples today problem help solve
live planet earth remember planets orbiting sun solar system part vast universe stay space objects space earth behave answer controlled natural forces called interactions universe gravity interaction force acting masses major interactions illustrated diagram page interactions obtain nuclear chemical light heat energy understanding major forces helps scientists explain happenings universe objects universe matter important characteristics matter takes occupies space mass matter stuff things iron wood ice rubber matter form solid milk gasoline mercury matter liquid air oxygen methane examples matter form gas chemists say matter found phases chart review phases matter matter tiny bits called molecules molecules water iron oxygen elements moving molecules atoms smallest bits matter properties kind matter iron
questions things learn study universe live study science science ago scientists studied topics answers found began limit topics study special topic experts small topic branch science today hundreds branches science guessed branches science related physics studied reference sciences physicist explain heat knowing nature molecules astronomers explain twinkling stars don understand light biologist explain fossil remains geology answer physicist rounded background sciences scientist answers questions detective search starts hunch science call hypothesis wild guess hypothesis based previous experience based talking scientists reading experiments begin observations observation means looking eyes physicists listen sounds smell odors feel fingers words scientists depend senses facts collected tested scientists try answers solutions find answers wrong try
larry wound alarm knobs clock set alarm clock tomorrow annual boat ride school paid volunteered marshal chances thought dropped sleep faintly heard mother sister going faintly heard father home night shift opened eyes felt strangely rested glanced clock read boat playland larry turned clock realized forgotten pull alarm button alarm clock wheels turn mechanical alarm clock mainspring wind tight spring begins unwind begins turn wheels clock wheels motion mechanical energy larry wound alarm spring waiting happened spring unable release let energy energy hidden stored energy put clock spring larry finger muscles wound spring tight boy arm muscles put energy bow bending examples boys energy stored spring bow waiting released
things universe mass molecules masses found phases tightly packed molecules form solids loosely packed molecules form liquids loosely packed molecules form gases charged atoms molecules form plasma knows mass measurements started need barter trade meat beans wheat fruit ancient weighed course measuring amount matter contained early days bits stone gravel standards mass grain fruit measured parts england find weight scales measure stones stone pounds kilograms measurement mass today scientific trade business based today carefully weigh gold coal food medicines atoms measure mass easy say weigh scale balance let measure mass object comparing compare downward pull gravity object re weighing force gravity pulling object mass force gravity object say object mass piano mass book takes gravity force pull
football center tackle crouches low harder push stand bus subway car stand legs baby brother highchair legs spread outward furniture cars buildings tip standing tipping called stability objects fall tip mass pulled downward gravity words mass makes fall mass makes fall objects fall tip object stays tip depends shape object put let scientific answers figure shows meter stick balanced spot point nail spot exactly cm center stick diagram shows book balanced nail balanced geometric center diagram shows paper plate balanced spot center point balance point mass centered point called center gravity figure object balanced center gravity easy soon mass shifted moved balance spot shifted
look figure small boy seesaw raised father mass greater top notice person seated seesaw course boy end father short end force boy applies multiplied greater seesaw boy mechanical advantage father mechanical advantage number times machine multiplies effort boy friend weighs father boy friend wants friend yes move seesaw rest exactly middle boys mass needs mechanical advantage balance seesaw mechanical advantage number times machine multiplies input force effort boy figure oldest machines called lever hard imagine ancient discovered idea lever tried move heavy rock prinicple lever explained archimedes figure trying move huge rock lever lever resting point called fulcrum pushing force able move rock mass kg
girl stands smartly end diving board bounces dives beautiful forward roll moments later swimming side pool comes holding ears happened ears popped underwater longer stand pressure popping sensation felt express elevator takes floors air pressure altitude ascend air pressure outer part eardrum pressure inside eardrum swallow small tube ear opens pop air pressure sides eardrum let learn water pressure easier carry hill empty pail filled air pail filled water course pail water heavier water matter mass heavy water let measure mass liter water mass kilogram mass water exerts pressure apparatus shown figure called manometer shaped tube filled colored water level arms attach tube covered rubber sheet arm press rubber sheet lightly finger level rise left lower rubber capped tube cm water shown
early problems needed cross rivers food wanted reach islands stood middle seas bays wanted cross oceans travel water noticed logs floated water couldn logs travel water later dug inside logs sit comfort traveling awhile built frames wood spread animal skins canoe born later large wooden boats sailed ocean today huge ocean liners built steel cross oceans art cans weigh exactly crushed uncrushed float large ocean liner float ocean liner large size makes difference mass makes difference yes volume large displace mass water equal mass ship things large volume simple ship air spaces hold storage rooms cabins ship built dry dock rolled sea ship begins sink sinks displaced water mass ship mass ships rated displacements unloaded ship figure rated approximately tons
submarines developed search treasure bottom oceans simple demonstration explain submarines dive surface bottle shown figure hole rubber stopper suck air bottle water enters hole bottle sinks blow air bottle water forced bottle rises submarine floats surface sea ship displaces amount water equal mass inside submarine tanks hold water hold air called ballast tanks sides ship special valves opened closed suppose commander order dive dive valves opened water sea flows tanks submarine sink submarine takes water sink bottom remain horizontal level position motion fins propellers submarine surface water forced ballast tanks water blown compressed air density ship density water buoyant force water push ship surface
wants wanting couldn guess grownups think grownups mother telling satisfied stop asking impossible thought say stop asking impossible dead maybe grownups discouraged give maybe don disappointed maybe re afraid mad shouldn help re young want things think die don want younger mope lot brother joe twelve playing street mother busy helping pop super lived houses complaining mama say linda martin want didn saw doll house store window wanted stand front window look single thing doll house tables chairs beds baby doll crib thought night couldn sleep wanted
goddard wonderful idea story nellie bly interrupting editor york sunday entered office read jules verne eighty days phineas fogg trip eighty days reporter sponsor trip goddard frowning fogg character book story woman making trip exciting slight young woman argued want travel fewer eighty days say want prove changing rapidly railroads connected major cities steamships sailed larger ports stagecoaches horses important means transportation trip nellie bly proposing impossible nellie impossible wasn newspaper reporter age women didn enter welcomed unladylike professions elizabeth cochrane growing pittsburgh pennsylvania wanted write remember father judge cochrane sure received education encouraged ambitions death cochrane household
ruth horror mother began sob mouth opened wide making sound showing dark places teeth going bad tried speak sobs ruth remembered mother crying troubles began cried easily talk beggar begging haven beans bread potatoes weeks girls stopped choked tears girl live re hungry miss elderry worry husband trouble selling didn coal winter barely warm house struggle payments ruth tell miss elderry shuffled papers hands stay detached saw cases morning house house hearing stories human reached touched ruth mother arm understand mrs wheeler believe going lie thought ruth couldn possibly silky dress thin gray stockings shiny shoes worse miss elderry continued house instance things bad sell live equity
sixth stroke ship bell took bag held food knife flask water galley door noticed sat waiting galley watch walked deck opposite side ship walked bow stern stayed place minutes walked slowly walked left side ship casks whale oil piled boots squeaked hear step took stern looked corner galley door saw standing wheel gazing sea ship ladder hung bulwarks stood waited shadows heard squeak boot pass galley door quietly bare feet slipped ran deck place captain door meet mando hear squeak watchman boot reached bow ship stand short decided mando small moon top ladder iron hooks held bulwarks
waited room morning talk trying listen activity half suite deal coming going conversation looked window police car parked front building brett crouched door led kitchenette rooms turned eyes wide re talking juvenile authorities whispered words juvenile authorities ashley asked brett frowned don think place kids criminals re criminals ashley indignantly raising voice lost parents shhh loud re saying anyway manager keeps saying wants rid ashley counselor re mad brett rose listening post talking tense whispers put head close ashley whispers safe don drew staring brett ashley whispered let home home hundred miles home ashley going travel hundred miles
weeks gypsum mine passed settled monotony vast endless steppe torn sleep morning whistle beginning didn sleeping floor strangers soon passed slip sleep wakefulness barely noticing difference told worked munched bread cheese special treat bowl soup bits meat slept barely talked fever flared spent days room someplace father found straw mattress help lay feverish doze unceremoniously yanked popravka learned love nights later told assemble meeting gathered front building waited air hot sky darkening quickly distance flash light crowd stirred find siberian electrical storm beautiful exciting imagine scared death
newly hatched gosling knowing loud sounds voices dogs instinctively frightened scrap heart fluttered fast light rocking beneath mother breast crouched silent unmoving sounds arctic breeze rushes shore flow mackenzie river past island cries birds distant bits land sound wolverine crouched driftwood tangle upper end island heard voices dogs silent wolverine territory open delta land river cautious silent foreign place bad luck brought hunting quiet ferocious hunting dry gully mackenzie river tributaries known reason dryness stream bed hunted quarter mile debris mud temporary dam blocked flow water spring breakup creek trapped waters spread pond chunks ice crowding melting slowly lengthening days small lake stood wooded flat earth dam drowning roots evergreens willows waters creek collected carrying debris built dam higher
bad drought high plateau land congo border daily pangs hunger bit deeper deeper area bad situation foraged afield find food help fill empty stomachs expedition mubanga hungered ventured farther search deep silent forest soon white shining object base tall tree caught attention closer thinking eat human skull pass amazement jaw moved skull addressed seeking home asked seldom visitor lonely place search wherewithal live mubanga replied roots maybe bird beetle welcome eaten starving rain fallen moons send visitor empty stomach musakalala skull give food quiet tongue head surely mubanga replied scarcely able joy call blessings goodness skull continued tree find mumba small kind pumpkin eat mind smallest particle
margaret mead born december raised household highly educated unusually gifted mother emily fogg graduated university chicago worked volunteer jane addams hull house marriage edward sherwood mead young couple settled philadelphia order university pennsylvania professor mead taught economics emily mead continued study raised children atmosphere girls boys free follow interests meads enjoyed wide variety friends unusually alive earliest childhood interest natural margaret breathing professor mead widowed mother lived lively household grandmother mead schoolteacher held unusual ideas taught mead children home margaret younger brother richard close age formed class grandmother mead methods ordinary teacher gasp children studied botany science plant studied spelling tackled algebra ahead arithmetic margaret sister elizabeth baby priscilla beginning talk grandmother mead gave margaret assignment scientific observation recording margaret listen carefully note words heard sisters growing vocabularies discover song stories nursery rhymes supplied youngsters words
khuana injured grandmother gaushe traveling desert botswana fortunately khuana secretly learned hunt shoot bow arrow skills forbidden women bushman tribe skills food gaushe travel excerpt ostrich chase opens khuana returning burrow left grandmother rest khuana exhausted excited brought rabbit dinner burrow unpleasant surprise awaits khuana easily find spot left grandmother stiff drowsy move speed night grew cooler slow cold desert wind felt fresher moved faster stars bright moon risen easy distinct objects desert arriving thought spot left grandmother cupped hands mouth called morro grandmother morro answer soft sighing wind whispering sand drifting hope sand covered khuana thought anxiously walking sandy incline saw chamois skin spread burrow khuana heart leapt gladness found grandmother part problem finished
grow question concerned centuries title article counting rhyme part english american folklore generations counting things coat buttons daisy petals saying words rhyme supposed help counter determine occupation article introduce interesting occupations pursued today read try pinpoint occupations think changed architects design buildings draw plans builders design homes public buildings schools libraries buildings industry business architects specialize kind building variety working kinds projects architect requires knowledge science art architects understand mathematics order draw accurate plans building materials order choose material building area feeling beauty order create buildings pleasant look technical knowledge design buildings efficient usable occupy laboratory technicians woman shown fields medicine dentistry food processing industrial research
vet daily chore treating patients fascinating kaleidoscope animal personality robert corner sheep dog jock interesting case lot farm dogs partial light relief play favorite games chasing cars premises drove hairy form galloping alongside dog give final defiant bark hundred yards speed jock dedicated car chasing deadly art practiced daily trace levity corner farm end track twisting nearly mile stone walls gently sloping fields road jock didn consider job properly escorted chosen vehicle foot hobby exacting watched finished stitching foal leg began tie bandage slinking buildings skinny creature mass black white hair invisible mite playing transparent charade pretending taking notice wasn bit interested presence fact furtive glances direction stable repeated criss crossing line vision gave waiting big moment
live planet earth remember planets orbiting sun solar system part vast universe stay space objects space earth behave answer controlled natural forces called interactions universe gravity interaction force acting masses major interactions illustrated diagram page interactions obtain nuclear chemical light heat energy understanding major forces helps scientists explain happenings universe objects universe matter important characteristics matter takes occupies space mass matter stuff things iron wood ice rubber matter form solid milk gasoline mercury matter liquid air oxygen methane examples matter form gas chemists say matter found phases chart review phases matter matter tiny bits called molecules molecules water iron oxygen elements moving molecules atoms smallest bits matter properties kind matter iron
questions things learn study universe live study science science ago scientists studied topics answers found began limit topics study special topic experts small topic branch science today hundreds branches science guessed branches science related physics studied reference sciences physicist explain heat knowing nature molecules astronomers explain twinkling stars don understand light biologist explain fossil remains geology answer physicist rounded background sciences scientist answers questions detective search starts hunch science call hypothesis wild guess hypothesis based previous experience based talking scientists reading experiments begin observations observation means looking eyes physicists listen sounds smell odors feel fingers words scientists depend senses facts collected tested scientists try answers solutions find answers wrong try
tuning fork vibrates makes air waves ears brain translate sounds sound ears tuning fork ear air air carrying waves let test idea investigation put alarm clock special bell jar remove air friends stand end wooden table friend place ear table stand straight ask hold hand hear scratch table ear table hear sound sound traveled faster table air repeat experiment chalkboard idea american indians place ears close ground hear buffalo herd moving nearby experiments show ground carries sound times fast air ago train travel common passengers waiting village station place ears railroad track hear train vibrations sooner tracks air metal railing friend place ear railing tap gently friend hear railing
center solar system star called sun sphere hot gases diameter times diameter earth powerful rays called radiant energy sun million km radiant energy reaches earth minutes sun energy theory explains source solar energy constant chemical change hydrogen helium change hydrogen helium change nuclei atoms change called thermonuclear reaction sun energy reaches earth scattered travels sun space billionth actually reaches earth deal filtered earth atmosphere rays reach visible white light rays light light form energy form energy changed form pictogram shows examples primary sources light objects produce give light look figure show primary sources objects give light directly called luminous objects important stars stars including sun radiate light hot gases gases stars hot glow
luminous objects give light nonluminous objects surfaces reflect light true nonluminous objects experience total darkness dull shiny glossy glaring glowing everyday words describe surfaces words compare amount reflection kinds materials reflect reflect general dark rough materials asbestos shingles poor reflectors asbestos shingles cover roofs houses smooth materials glass reflectors dull surface shiny reflect light wood furniture stained varnished shellacked leather shoes shine rubbing wax polish metals buffed polished dull ash tray ceramics shop shiny glazed fired hold mirror catch sunlight rays reflected mirror bright shine hurts eyes direct point rays want sharp direct reflection called regular reflection look shiny page magazine look newspaper page surfaces reflect light hits reflected rays direct mirror surface newspaper point light street reflected rays scattered spread
strange pencil photo bent watched swimmer coming surface water head body reached stone bottom lake soap bottom bathtub touched stone soap found side place seen explain talked light mentioned speed saying speed light air vacuum fast light travel transparent materials figures happens light goes transparent substance happens light goes air water let look figure suppose place coin center bottom cup lower head eye sees edge cup coin sight pour water slowly cup coin suddenly comes view light struck coin reflected water denser air speed km light left water entered air light speeded km light ray bent normal perpendicular appeared straight eye
theory light tiny bundles energy called photons theory light travels form waves speed km vacuum simple activity demonstrates waves tie length clothesline doorknob closed door pictured figure opposite end rope stretch room hold rope loosely height waist flip rope times rope makes number waves figure rope form hills crests valleys faster flip rope waves put closer distance crest crest called wavelength number crests pass point called frequency chapter learned sir isaac newton glass prism spread sunbeam form spectrum color showed visible light waves seen kind light spectrum shows kinds light kinds yes color ways figure shows wavelengths frequencies differ violet rays shortest wavelength red rays longest
sound travel heard light travel seen learned sound waves light waves scatter source energy drops distance longer hear sound light telephone changed bit sounds changed electricity wires wires stretched distances look chart electromagnetic spectrum page infrared rays part electromagnetic spectrum known radio waves section spectrum called band course radio waves wavelength frequency waves lengths mm kilometers radio waves discovered heinrich hertz produced vibrating electric charges generators coils vacuum tubes radio waves speed space earth atmosphere km speed light voice radio station reach ears remember radio unlike telephone wireless form communication goes radio station find oscillator figure consists special vacuum tubes transistors generate radio waves oscillators produce waves wavelengths frequencies separately received separately radio wave wavelength km frequency hertz vibrations radio waves space means transmitting antenna
dark enter completely dark closet close eyes wait minutes eye object light fall object light directly object light reflected eyes light sight color eyes study eyes mirror colored part eye iris human eyes brown blue gray green shades eye color comes parents round black spot middle eye pupil job pupil stand bright table lamp shade front arrange snap shine directly eyes stand front mirror dark room minutes say friend light goes watch pupil carefully mirror happens plants animals respond light environment human eye direct reflected light light received retina optic nerve brain brain interprets meanings light rays try simple experiment lowering head slowly page book soon reach point letters clear
questions things learn study universe live study science science ago scientists studied topics answers found began limit topics study special topic experts small topic branch science today hundreds branches science scientists specialists small branch guessed branches science related chemistry studied reference sciences chemists explain twinkling stars don understand light biologist explain digestion organic chemistry answers chemist rounded background sciences scientist answers questions detective search starts hunch science call hypothesis wild guess hypothesis based previous experience based talking scientists reading experiments begin observations observation means looking eyes chemists smell odors feel fingers chemists taste substances listen bubbling sizzling experiment yes scientists depend senses facts collected tested scientists try answers find answers wrong
oxygen atmosphere basis combustion fuel heat space heating combustion energy transportation heat combustion drive generators producing electricity drive machines manufacture products learned earlier mixtures vary words ratio ingredients mixture true air stable part air nitrogen nitrogen able combustion basic processes photosynthesis respiration seen section nitrogen indirectly respiration goes photosynthesis takes place daylight amounts oxygen carbon dioxide air changing addition experience humidity moisture content air changing water vapor content air keeps changing evaporation condensation rainfall snowfall change water vapor content air earth atmosphere goes height km air mixture gases elements compounds oxygen air supports combustion composition air mixture keeps changing slightly surprised air large ocean atmosphere changed changing quantities oxygen natural problem
water fourths earth surface covered water water surrounds continents oceans oceans dip land form bays land find water ponds lakes rivers water material biologists strong evidence started water water molecules compound gases hydrogen oxygen combined definite proportion form liquid water ratio hydrogen oxygen demonstrations shown figures prove water compound found pure form found nature mixed materials running water carries mud fine sand silt substances remain uncombined form mixture water found partnership common compound salt nacl case water salt form solution study difference mixtures solutions later unit water common found places look characteristics water found easily pure wonder standard measurement ml water mass gram definition water standard metric measurement mass liter water ml mass kg density remember tells mass cubic meter material water standard density
living things depend water water solvent carrier needed elements compounds studied animal plant cells learned living matter carries dissolved chemicals water solutes dissolved water inside cells science learned solutes dissolved water vacuoles recall job digestion dissolve foods dissolved foods pass cell membranes solutions pass filter paper animals dissolved food enters blood blood plasma dissolved food minerals addition dissolved oxygen carbon dioxide found blood cells tissues waste urine water carries solutes urea salt soil minerals dissolved water plants grow soil absorb water absorb dissolved minerals minerals transferred stems leaves addition modern farmers add fertilizers pesticides soil fertilizers chemicals powdered form spread evenly soil rains rain water dissolves chemicals seep soak soil roots absorb solution chemicals growth home gardeners add fertilizer yes gardens soil method called hydroponics experimental method botanists study plant method plants grown water solutions
label appears bottles medicine medicine calamine lotion liquid stop minor itching milk magnesia medicine minor digestive upsets examine medicines shaking cloudy clear liquid bottom bottle layer soft solid shake bottle solid bottom disappears liquid evenly cloudy soft solid longer bottom let study solutions expect starch dissolve form clear liquid happen unlike salt sugar solution particles starch unlike salt copper sulfate starch sinks bottom bottle type mixture particles suspended hanging liquid solvent mixture called suspension calamine lotion milk magnesia silver polish liquid shoe polish common suspensions shake solid particles mixed evenly liquid didn shake milk magnesia amount solid medicine teaspoon easy tell difference suspension solution need examine particles look look solution light goes look suspension suspended particles stop light
heard expression oil water mean means mix expression oil water based scientific fact let means experiment showed oil water mixture solution suspension special kind suspension oil droplets visible larger molecules despite size lighter water rise top liquids mix mixture oil water called temporary emulsion raw fresh milk mixture water compounds illustrated figure modern cities difficult obtain raw milk milk homogenized obtain raw milk compare homogenized milk allow test tubes raw milk homogenized milk stand hours observe strong light raw milk cream fat particles rise top layer cream larger bottom layer called skim milk raw milk temporary emulsion fat skim milk water matter times shake raw milk cream rise top homogenized milk shows separation let homogenize means spread evenly
electricity flows current going material materials metal called conductors current flows complete path called circuit circuit continuous complete current flows circuit continuous open current stops flowing examine figure close switch lamp light course current jump metal electrodes circuit open look closed circuit connecting wire means alligator clips electrodes close switch circuit completed lamp lights lowered electrodes jar distilled pure water close switch lamp distilled water conduct electricity heard dangerous swim ocean rainstorm investigation explain explain dangerous swim ocean rainstorm ocean huge salt solution ocean conduct streak lightning swimmer wet body swimmer killed caution swim ocean heavy clouds raining swim pond lake raining freshwater ponds lakes dissolved minerals behave electrolytes chemists tested materials
fruits natural acids oranges lemons grapefruits apples taste sour reason earlier science studied digestion takes place stomach learned stomach lined gastric glands gastric juice gastric juice solution dilute hydrochloric acid later learn acid bacteria live milk milk sugar called lactose bacteria digest lactose milk waste called lactic acid taste sour milk stop milk souring course refrigerator lack warmth stops bacteria growing bacteria mouth change sugar acid decays teeth suppose hold piece red litmus paper tongue turn slightly blue shows saliva slightly basic alkaline result blood saliva intestinal juice blood mildly alkaline farmers speak soil sour sweet talking ph acidity alkalinity soil soils swamps woods acid soils decaying plants animals turn acid low ph vegetables grow slightly acid soils approximately ph soils limestone alkaline high ph lawns require basic soil soil tests home soil conservation offices
rained freezing cold thin sheet ice forms sidewalk watch slip save spreading rock salt ice soon puddles ice melting heat change phase substances heat needed change ice water heat change phase water temperature water water phase changed temperatures melt gram ice temperature give ice heat hand gram water turns gram ice give heat absorbed heat absorbed liquid gas change gram water steam heat added amount heat gram steam water condensation burn steam severe burn equal mass water examine chart exact figures heat needed change phase course salt spread icy sidewalks roads presto ice turns water water colder colder molecules move slowly
drink glass cold water tastes milk aspirin pour gasoline car tank smoke vapor tailpipe iron dense strong gold yellow soft alcohol precious fuel dangerous habit observations related matter behavior thousands questions answered study chemistry sciences chemistry branches branch deals narrow specialty kinds chemistry classify kinds chemistry according theoretical chemistry theory applied chemistry practical matters classify branches according studied organic chemistry chemistry carbon compounds living inorganic chemistry non carbon compounds course chemical specialties named according agricultural chemistry fuel chemistry electrochemistry chemistry studied behavior liquids studied chemist ocean chemist study air composition city top mountain study behavior ozone atmosphere chemists set shop open field studying chemistry mean traveling exploring mean adventure course test ideas theories chemist works equipped laboratory libraries places read scientists
matter physical appearance kinds chemical affect let think ways matter examples matter mentioned chapter colors textures phases densities soluble water ways describing matter called physical properties chart examples physical properties substances matter physical phase liquid gas solid modern theory matter shows fourth phase called plasma plasma consists charged particles gas form chapter learned matter broken separated tiny bits matter tiniest bit substance recognized substance called molecule tiniest amount oxygen gas oxygen molecule tiniest bit glass glass molecule molecules appearance behave atoms say atom smallest unit matter takes part chemical reaction matter kind atom called element matter elements kinds atoms combined chemically called compounds compounds elements definite proportions musical notes symbols understood musicians chemical symbols understood chemists
pencil eraser fastened metal holder book reading printed metal type machines metal school building metal skeleton breakfast cooked metal pans alarm clock metal list end daily lives metals metals chosen jobs airplanes steel coffeepots silver tin solder tungsten light bulbs metals special physical chemical properties suited special job ancient tools stone period history known stone age begun million ago ago stone wood materials knew surprised learn gold copper metals found discoveries materials hammered bent shaped evidence shows copper discovered ago someday visit israel red sea copper mines operated king solomon ago ago egyptians discovered melted tin mixed melted copper kind metal formed call metal bronze
tissues groups form organs organs teams systems figure behavior living things tied coordinated brought nerves animals chemicals plants animals parts behavior animals simple reflexes complicated instincts complicated learned intelligent behavior found biosphere living things needs perform definite activities living material arranged cells tissues organs systems living functions coordinated nerves chemicals living matter secret chemical mixture chemicals put chemicals magic stuff plants animals living matter mixture elements compounds chart picture chemicals found living matter important feature living chemistry chemicals form organic compounds organic compound element carbon organic compounds inorganic compounds water salts carbon biologists search answers living things libraries field laboratory laboratory equipped workshop scientific instruments chemicals plants animals scientists experimental method search answers scientific experiment based trial error carefully controlled tasks
green plants producers food energy sunlight simple sugar large numbers molecules simple sugar combine form starch larger numbers molecules form cellulose plants fats proteins vitamins enzymes produce special materials making perfumes chocolate call green plants food factories food plant moves food area storage food needed plant takes storage seeds stored food growth plant green plants food photosynthesis natural humans animals plants parts food chart shows examples foods plants photosynthesis green plants produce food plants store food parts animals plants food green water ahead cry heard deep sea fishing boat means water ahead filled millions microscopic green plants green means chlorophyll chlorophyll means food food fish wonder fishermen blue water means poor catching green water means catching title surprise yes sea home billions plants big trees shrubs sea teeming living plants floating drifting plants sea part plankton
let think common foods eat steak chicken fish eggs potatoes apples oysters onions lettuce cheese pork bread corn animals eat plants animals animals elephants chickens horses eat plant materials animals lion fox eat meat flesh human beings eat plants animals section saw parts green plants food look chart page seen living things food saw food digested oxidized give energy continue live words growth assimilation show food living matter let review food eat give energy grow repair cuts injuries protect diseases animals including humans animals animal products food common animals meat cattle beef sheep lamb mutton hogs pork ham bacon animals food include deer rabbits goats frogs snakes lizards chicken turkey duck common birds eaten flesh call group poultry rivers oceans filled fish excellent tasty flesh cod oil shad tiny eggs call roe
plan shows built speak plan house boat airplane chapter saw plan earthworm digestive system tube inside tube human digestive system based idea tube inside bodies look tube curled folded parts tube narrow parts wide called digestive canal food tube let look parts human digestive system food tube digestive canal starts opening called mouth food swallowed moves food tube stretched end end human food tube meters systems organs parts chart page organs digestive system food moves tube churned squeezed turned bathed digestive juices glands notice food enter pancreas liver examine later food tube lined muscles move food downward upset food tube goes reverse makes throw vomit person swallows poison aid tells person drink vomiting raw egg white substance vomiting human digestive system tube tube
let tell story unusual patient doctor soon scientist learned digestion michigan dr william beaumont called treat patient hunter cleaning rifle rifle tore open wall abdomen doctor treated wound patient recovered strange thing happened wound left permanent opening wall stomach dr beaumont quickly offer employ assistant feed support return dr beaumont allowed perform simple painless experiments stomach experiment inside person stomach let learned dr beaumont able stomach walls give gastric juice found temperature stomach higher body temperature gently lowering thermometer stomach experiment dr beaumont tied pieces meat string hung inside stomach pulled meat hours meat smaller meat fibers grown soft put meat stomach hours meat digestion protein complete dr beaumont soft rubber tube drew gastric juice bottle
chapter saw digestion ends small intestine soluble food absorbed villi intestine walls villi thin blood tubes lymph tubes digested food blood unusual tissue liquid kinds cells float average human body liters blood weighing kg blood seen bright red liquid microscope cells floating liquid fact kinds blood cells blood liquid tissue cells floating human body liters blood blood liquid called plasma pale yellow color figure shows water rest plasma mixture digested food wastes cells salt suspect amount digested food hours meal amount digested food goes hard game exercise amount carbon dioxide goes hot perspire freely amount salt plasma liquid blood plasma water amounts materials plasma changing drop blood microscope shows kinds cells red blood cells cells nuclei
order study germs live function control control harmful microbes fronts natural controls scientific invented controls living thousands develop disease called smallpox lucky recovered entire face covered tiny scars pocks smallpox milked cows mild form called cowpox smallpox smallpox today thing true infectious diseases exposed tuberculosis germs disease person family sick influenza flu family stay healthy say immune immunity free disease let course millions germs spores bodies built fight skin figure upper layer cells dead tough impossible germs skin perspiration surface dissolved urea salt hard germs exist air breathed nose filtered tiny hairs dust carry germs stopped hairs
virus smallpox blood manufacture chemicals called antibodies case smallpox jenner antibodies cow today laboratories inject healthy animals horses mild cases smallpox horse blood develops antibodies small amounts blood collected horse purified finished material called smallpox vaccine packaged tiny glass tubes doctor inject vaccinated course cases vaccination leaves tiny scar arm find vaccination mark arm medical profession prepared vaccines germ diseases immunity diphtheria flu tetanus lockjaw typhoid fever diseases vaccination serums small number reread section leonard boy polio rarely hear stories days infantile paralysis disease caused virus found children disease strike suddenly affect nerves arms legs neck hips nerves affected muscles begin shrink causing paralysis attack hit franklin roosevelt young roosevelt recovered wore braces wheel chair rest dr jonas salk dramatic announcement developed vaccine polio million children injected vaccine
foods polluted method accidental invasion harmful chemicals food chain pesticides chemicals designed kill insects weeds read chemical ddt developed insect killer wiped malaria puerto rico killed fleas lice chickens increased poultry production soon found ddt hitting target meant human beings ddt found settle grass cows ate grass ate cattle found humans getting ill ddt settled fruits vegetation today ddt banned countries scientists found amounts ddt cow human milk dangerously high substances food additives turn harmful pollutants learned red dye food coloring dangerous sodium nitrite added preserve meats frankfurters kill dangerous germs sodium nitrite direct cancer saccharin sugar substitute diabetics sugarless weight reducing diet laboratory tests animals show saccharin cancer natural materials break chemically breakdown rays energy process called radiation uranium coal ordinary rocks granite give rays outer space exposed cosmic rays
big green forest wild plum tree pig sister saw plums plums ripe tree pigs deep dark forest tiger tiger jumped trail tiger stopped pigs hope scare bold tiger pigs pick wild plums tiger smiled eat plums plums tiger tree fine meal fat pigs eat plums fatter trick tiger pig asked sister wait pig tiger wild plums plums eat tiger called pig jump tiger tiger tried jump eat plums paws slipped fell hold cried pigs pigs jumped trail tiger jumped tree wild plums plop plop plop trail pigs picked plums ran pigs ran fast forest trail fine trick pig sister
wake shawn mom called tugged sheets shawn flash dressed shorts shirt shawn visit grandpa grandpa lives seashore shawn waited steps grandpa saw grandpa car dashed greet set asked grandpa let shawn mom dad waved grandpa drove shawn liked seashore liked splash warm water shawn saw silver fish water picked seashell want grandpa shawn ran grandpa handed shell grandpa smiled put shell ear hear sea grandpa handed shell shawn hear sea cried shawn let bite eat grandpa eat visit shops present mom shawn shawn dropped shell sand grandpa eat visit shops shop sold ships bottles shawn ships bottles mom grandpa shawn shirt shop shop kinds shirts mom shawn shawn grandpa lots shops shawn find present mom shop sold seashells grandpa shawn idea
cho eat lunch felt teeth pain cho father think visit dentist cho father catch bus forever bus stopped street hello kato dr north cho cho held cheek sit chair dr north find problem rid pain open wide cho tried hard big small holes teeth dr north fill stop pain cho glad hear dentist filled holes cho teeth silver metal cho able smile started chair wait cho dr north want cleaned teeth gave cho brush asked pretend brush teeth cho brushed front teeth ok dr north want brush cleans teeth let dentist brushed gave cho brush dr north asked cho months checkup cho father thanked dr north started hall dad stop snack asked cho
hot main street victor cat tito going park tito liked tag victor feet tito fur soft purr deep hum victor liked tito crowds street victor tito sat curb watched coming going street sailor past dressed white shirt pants want sailor victor tito want stand ship watch color waves want watch sea gulls want tito fresh fish eat tito liked flavor fresh fish purred rubbed victor arm actor past victor tito shining silver cape black top hat want actor victor want crowds cheer clap want act part explorer jungle tito tiger lion sharp claws tito purred roar lion doctor past main street eyes kind doctor smiling victor smiled doctor want doctor tito want visit hurt want help sick
ago lad goats billy goats leaped skipped rocky hill dark chilly lad drove home valley goats frisky billy goats leaped railing turnip patch goats lad sat rocky hillside began cry sitting brown rabbit rabbit asked lad cry drive billy goats home lad leave turnip patch cry try lead rabbit rabbit tried tried give billy goats stayed turnip patch rabbit sat rocky hillside lad began cry fox cry fox asked rabbit lad billy goats turnip patch rabbit cry let try fox fox tried lead billy goats turnip patch finally give fox sat rocky hillside began cry donkey cry asked donkey lad billy goats turnip patch fox
tracy sick bed fever face hot eyes stinging sore throat medicine doctor gave bad flavor yard sun started tracy able hear kids playing yelling able hear mothers calling kids dinner stuck bed play groaned tracy jail cell tracy drifted sleep started dream dreamed floating boat sea breeze fresh face spray sea damp salty waves boat rock forward backward nice place staying bed tracy saw whales circle boat center big eyes winked ride asked quickly whales swam boat whales lifted boat raced faster faster swam boat sailing tracy excited flying yipeeeee yelled fun tracy woke dark felt face longer hot nice dream feel medicine big smile morning maybe mom let play yard tracy curled warm blankets
hot summer ant resting cool shadow leaf nearby grasshopper dancing row corn jumped leaped row played sang summer grasshopper acted owned ant saw grasshopper playing garden wanted sing dance grasshopper picked grain wheat took home store winter look food slow hard ant worked fill room hollow log things eat gathering food winter ant asked grasshopper replied fellow fun dancing singing soon winter snow fell garden grasshopper cold hungry home food stored winter snow fell ant home hollow log cold wind started blow snug warm plenty food eat sing dance smiling days grown bitter cold grasshopper starved slowly crept ant home stood peeked window ant home looked warm snug
want dog peter house small dog replied mother dog trouble dog begged peter mother dog fish peter named fish lassie tried teach called lassie lassie fish swam round round bowl want dog peter don room dog mother stop pestering think turtle peter named turtle lassie wanted wag tail hard turtle looked upset pulled tail shell harder peter tried explain upset turtle looked want dog don turtle mother asked peter want dog speak father mother bird peter named bird lassie wanted teach bark woof loudly woof woof woof bird chirped lassie tweet tweet woof woof woof want dog peter father found nice kitten peter mother peter named kitten lassie roll ball ground bring explained
wild animal park animals don live cages live open wild animals driving park slowly car windows rolled ranger striped truck watches animals watches wants follow safety rules animals hoofs deer elk live big cats ditch fence siberian tiger cat likes water male lion cat mane neck tell tiger lion leopard rhinoceros thick loose hide looks animal suit armor rhino horn snout defend rhino favorite foods grass young leafy branches ostrich largest bird longest neck fly run wind animals close car touch don look cute furry wild animals lucky monkey baboon sit car curious ostrich peek window unlucky traffic jam giraffe tallest animal
biologists search answers living things laboratories libraries field conventions laboratory equipped workshop scientific instruments chemicals apparatus living plants animals search answers scientists experimental method scientific experiment based trial error experiments repeated times sure conclusions correct experiments built controls scientific questions experiments lead hypothesis temporary answer theory temporary answer stronger evidence follows finally scientific law scientific requires counting measuring collecting numbers important especially study inheritance patterns data scientific records measurements record size volume mass temperature measurements metric standards table metric measurements appears kinds living things millions course simplest form grouping includes plant kingdom animal kingdom scientists group protists scientists spent lives studying living things system grouping according likenesses call method classification swedish scientist carolus linnaeus formed system plant animal names tells general group organism belongs called genus
celled animals regrow parts regrow small sections tissue week cut finger soon healed short period flesh skin broken wrist memory broken ends bones mended bone wrist hedges saw pruned cut week grown need cutting branch cut tree thick scar forms cover wound examples growth tissue cells cells divide asexual reproduction cell division place living plant animal cells wear die cells formed cells living things onions oak trees flies worms frogs fish birds humans start single cell single cell mature plant animal answer easy cell divides half halves divide sixteen growth form cell division cell division results growth repair look figure shows typical animal plant cells nucleus denser darker material nucleus chromatin material saw chromatin important nucleic acids dna rna
yeast package active presence sugar moisture fermentation begins energy cells begin grow reproduce mount drop growing yeast tube figure microscope slide examine cells simple method reproduction yeast cells cell grows larger nucleus lengthens cell pinches smaller part called bud short buds remain attached mother cell form sort chain buds break grow yeasts multiply method asexual reproduction called budding flour water form dough dough baked forms bread passed large bakery smelled fresh bread wondered bread tiny holes thousands ago learned yeast added dough dough rise bread yeast called leavened bread dough rise remember chapter exodus testament bible tells story ancient hebrew fleeing slavery egypt cross red sea excitement women add yeast bread bread rise unleavened flat bread called matzo matzo jewish especially religious celebration passover season mexican tortillas middle east pita forms unleavened bread
parent salmon sure babies live true lay eggs shallow quiet water true provide yolk food care give suspect eggs young fry eaten fish eggs young fry die cold fortunately spawning produces thousands embryos die live types fish give care young exceptions types fish internal fertilization beautiful tropical fish called guppies type common fish tanks male deposits sperm body female zygote develops week inside female body abdomen swells fish delivers babies alive dozens course kind reproduction insures offspring parent guppies strange habit eat young guppy hobbyists watch fish carefully soon babies delivered parents separated offspring kinds fish marine animals found wetlands wetlands shores oceans consist shallow saltwater pools called marshes soft mud beaches scientists wetlands nursery shallow safe waters marsh kinds marine animals spend early lives
mammals warm blooded animals chambered heart bodies covered hair female secretes milk feed young cats dogs cattle sheep horses lions whales bats monkeys humans mammals mammals developed animals size vary tiny field mouse giant whales elephants homes land porpoises whales exceptions live water bats fly air birds mammals internal fertilization step embryo develops inside body mother sac called uterus fertilization cell division produces embryos female pregnant period varies species young leave female body birth canal born birth young fed mother mammary glands animals male mate stays close mother young protect birds mammals produce small number young egg cells mammal extremely tiny trace path figure produced ovaries drop egg duct sperm introduced lower canal vagina female swim upward fertilize egg egg duct protective layers yolk shell mammal egg mammals eggs produced
maurice maeterlinck famous belgian writer lawyer twenty maeterlinck watched bees beehives saw bees daily jobs watched mate develop later collected notes wrote book called bee scientists observed ants called white ants termites insect types live live colonies communities hundreds thousands interesting thing insects show division labor members hive colony jobs members hard show loyalty society reason call social insects bees live natural hive tree wooden hive person wax hive wax laid form honeycomb honeycomb tiny holes called cells bees fly wide gather sweet liquid called nectar suck flowers bring nectar hive store comb nectar turned honey honey gathered thousands fertilized eggs cells honeycomb fertilized eggs develop tiny white grubs larvae inside hive special bees called nurses tend feed grubs grubs fed regular honey fed special food called royal jelly
excited question father heard corridor hospital birth child sex baby developed happen chances baby boy girl answers questions found experiments fruit flies figure shows cells male female fruit flies learned fruit fly chromosomes pairs notice chromosomes pairs matched look alike partners fourth pair looks male straight hook female partners fourth pair straight female called chromosomes male ask happens offspring male female look figure meiosis female cells produce egg cells chromosomes male cells produce kinds sperm half carry chromosome half carry chromosome figure trace happens fertilization sperm fertilizes egg cell zygote female sperm fertilizes egg cell zygote male sex offspring set
traits human beings inherited single factors traits passed according laws dominance segregation human inheritance shows deal linkage means traits inherited chromosomes figure known traits eye color brown dominant blue brown eyed pure bb hybrid bb blue eyed pure bb figure shows inheritance human beings skin color interracial marriages black white interesting pattern inheritance skin color results presence skin pigments called melanin carotenes inheritance thought controlled pairs genes produces blended inheritance skin color lighter additional intermarriage mixed racial person white person produces lighter skin intermarriage black person skin darker white stock melanin pigment black stock concentrated white albinos carry recessive trait pink white skin white hair pinkish eyes trait inherited intelligence course intelligence hard define ability learn depends home schools personal drive abilities music run families
laws genetics apply humans able improve improve plants animals idea sir frances galton stated idea eugenics pick parents galton control mating sterilize unfit superior superior pick genes blond hair black hair tallness shortness white skin black skin musical ability mathematics ability athletic ability preferable mechanical ability aptitude write short stories desirable ability fix oil burner puzzle worse dangerous trust government dictatorship decide superior face government inferior superior races saw recessive genes mild problems color blindness mild genetic problem lack enzyme person unable digest milk sugar avoiding milk products live perfectly normal lives say severe genetic problems studied problems sickle cell anemia taysachs disorder produces children muscles begin break shortly birth child disease paralyzed deaf blind dies seen severe problems cystic fibrosis muscular dystrophy syndrome detect conditions
twig snap dixon looked thought saw dark shape melt underbrush instantly froze staring green trees complete expectant silence overhead carrion bird balanced updraft surveying sunburned landscape waiting hoping dixon heard low impatient cough underbrush knew assumption vague half seen shapes real left trek signal station watching deciding ready try removed weapon holster checked safeties reholstered continued walking heard cough patiently trailing waiting left bush entered forest dixon grinned hurt weapon ventured spaceship simply didn wander alien planet dixon hip weapon end weapons absolute insurance walked crawled flew swam word handguns ultimate personal armament weapon looked beasts fifty yards distance resembled dogs hyenas coughed moved slowly forward touched weapon decided immediately plenty closer
easy cookling engineer shouted sailors standing waists water trying small wooden box side launch box ten engineer brought island heat awful real inferno moaned engineer wiping thick red neck bandanna handkerchief peeled sweat drenched shirt threw sand strip bud civilization looked dejectedly light schooner rolling gently waves couple miles offshore coming twenty days deuce solar hell machines asked cookling pulled clothes sun damn soon roasting don worry needing sun pretty soon look exactly noon sun overhead equator added mumble taking eyes turtle dove schooner geography book tell sailors stood front engineer slowly drew roll bills pocket asked extending nodded job return ship remind captain hale expect exactly twenty days
hell told friend epicac cost taxpayers picking check epicac big send papers dr ormand von designed government peep peep military secret happened epicac brass acting story embarrassing money epicac didn supposed thing want vindicate epicac maybe didn brass wanted mean wasn noble brilliant things friend god rest soul call machine want looked machine lot machine plenty fizzled brass concerned epicac covered acre fourth floor physics building wyandotte college ignoring spiritual side minute tons electronic tubes wires switches housed bank steel cabinets plugged volt line toaster vacuum cleaner von brass wanted super computing machine plot course rocket earth button bottom joe stalin overcoat
magnificent church traditionally gothic design wholly modernized latest technological refinements pulpit constructed hidden elevator minister inch heaven heighten effect peroration chandeliers raised lowered electronically service suggest alternatively insignificance close communion worship pews fitted adjustable bucket seats equipped amplifier permitting sermon tuned suit individual tastes stained glass windows backed electric lamps depend sun brilliance aisles tilted slope provide subtle physical encouragement occasions flock intended advance altar church vast parking area outfitted miniature closed circuit television sets wished pause worship en route golf links bathing beaches remain cars hear church special feature drive counseling service open twenty hours parishioners discuss personal problems minister duty window required alight cars altogether distinctive fashionable church entire city popular fact drawn patronage wealthiest citizens vied donations
slipped aboard ship dozens waiting energy barrier waiting barrier faltered matter minutes showed superiority unified organisms fragments able move quickly advantage break didn matter thought faded satisfaction loneliness terribly unhappy unnatural thing parted rest unified organism fragment oneself aliens stand fragments increased sympathy aliens experienced fragmentation feel distance terrible isolation afraid fear born isolation dictated actions insane fear condition caused blast area mile diameter dull red heat landing ship organized ten feet deep soil destroyed blast engaged reception listening eagerly letting alien thought saturate enjoyed touch consciousness ration enjoyment forget harm listen thoughts fragments ship thought clearly considering primitive incomplete creatures
fiery metal leg fell cool air heating burnt green grass licked craterous hole fire flags fire sparks hisses explosions weary groaning sound beast rocket grumbled muttered finny tripod silent soon heat vanished sir yes rest fine sir captain webber swung erect tested limbs lieutenant atmosphere checked air pure fit breathe sir instruct drop ladder door side rocket opened began climbing look crewman milton pointing trees grass wooden bridges going water trees brick lodge extended rivulet foamed bubbled fishing poles protruded lodge windows steel building thirty stories high pink cloud top separated hedge brown tent barbecue pit smoke rising rigid ribbon chimney crewman chitterwick blinked squinted eyes distant houses stone brick wood painted colors small large golden fields wheat blown breeze direction don believe captain webber park millions miles park possibly strange lieutenant peterson picking rock
mariana living big villa hating tall pine trees eternity found secret panel master control panel house secret panel simply narrow blank aluminum thought room switches needed perish thought air conditioning controls gravity controls switches dimensional tv robot butler maids jonathan told fool master control panel city wreck electrical secret panel loose aimlessly questing fingers fell solid rock floor patio musical twing reaction fear saw small blank oblong sheet aluminum fallen space covered column switches top identified tiny glowing letters spelled trees jonathan home city evening gathered courage told angry impressed course switch trees informed deflatingly motioning robot butler cut steak didn radio trees didn want wait twenty couldn grow rock anyway
doubtful gift innate part think suddenly thirty sceptic believe miraculous powers convenient place mention eyes hot brown erect red hair moustache ends twisted freckles george mcwhirter fotheringay sort means lead expectation miracles clerk greatly addicted assertive argument asserting impossibility miracles intimation extraordinary powers argument held bar dragon toddy beamish conducting opposition monotonous effective say drove fotheringay limit patience present dusty cyclist landlord cox miss maybridge perfectly respectable portly barmaid dragon miss maybridge standing fotheringay washing glasses watching amused present ineffectiveness assertive method goaded torres vedras tactics beamish fotheringay determined unusual rhetorical effort looky beamish fotheringay let clearly understand miracle contrariwise course nature power couldn happen specially willed
country university departments engaged parapsychological research russia leading field thought parapsychology regarded mortal heresy betrayal materialistic creed early bechterev associate pavlov started experiments esp called biological radio partly explains colleagues pretty quiet early sixties sudden change occurred leonid vassiliev professor physiology leningrad university student bechterev published reports remarkable experiments telehypnosis claimed hypnotized subjects awaken trance telepathically transmitted command distance hypnotized subjects standing upright fall means experiments telepathic communication distant towns moscow leningrad carried en masse thousands subjects number scientific publications parapsychology soviet russia amounted increased thirty seventy number publications parapsychology publications controlled sudden boom parapsychology obviously supported inspired higher quarters motives guessed vassiliev quoting publications eminent soviet rocket pioneer effect phenomena telepathy longer called question
horror cherrybell noon blistering hot august redundant august cherrybell arizona blistering hot highway forty miles south tucson thirty miles north mexican border consists filling stations side road catch travelers going directions general store beer wine license tavern tourist trap type trading post tourists wait reach border start buying serapes huaraches deserted hamburger stand dobe houses inhabited mexican americans nogales border town south god knows reason prefer live cherrybell commute model fords sign highway says cherrybell pop sign exaggerates pop died pop anders ran deserted hamburger stand correct figure horror cherrybell mounted burro led ancient dirty gray bearded desert rat prospector later gave dade grant horror garvane approximately feet tall thin stickman weighed hundred pounds dade burro carried easily despite fact feet dragged sand side dragged sand later turned miles caused slightest wear shoes buskins constituted wore pair swimming trunks robin egg blue
perch foretop vlakengros akim straight cargo tub half dozen trogs scrambling nearby stood father shipmaster hizoor niarefh akim tops turbaned heads bright shafts lances trogs black foreshortened clumsy insects akim blew breath impatiently lifted eyes horizon westward low hills mainland sun lay veils purple gold faint offshore breeze roughened water east ocean moons risen end watch wasted happened vlakengros stirring distant shout trogs climbing rail catamarans akim waited twitching impatience figure stepped leisurely foot mast began climb brother ogo pimples smiled pig akim swung side lookout waiting ogo climb toes caught rope ladder started ogo dark head appeared squid akim shook fist descending deck trembled faintly feet crossed forecastle auxiliaries smells cooking galley akim ran companionway snatched meat pie table curses cooks
sign wall quaver film sliding warm water eckels felt eyelids blink stare sign burned momentary darkness safari safaris past animal shoot warm phlegm gathered eckels throat swallowed pushed muscles mouth formed smile put hand slowly air hand waved check ten thousand dollars desk safari guarantee alive guarantee official dinosaurs turned travis safari guide past tell shoot says shooting shooting disobey instructions stiff penalty ten thousand dollars government action return eckels glanced vast office mass tangle snaking humming wires steel boxes aurora flickered orange silver blue sound gigantic bonfire burning parchment calendars hours piled high set aflame touch hand burning instant beautifully reverse eckels remembered wording advertisements letter chars ashes dust coals golden salamanders green leap roses sweeten air white hair turn irish black wrinkles vanish fly seed flee death rush beginnings suns rise western skies set glorious easts moons eat opposite custom cupping chinese boxes rabbits hats returning fresh death seed death green death beginning
say hanmer voice choked emotion face blanched grim fight bill beachheads fight cities towns fields hamlets fight bill death god willing fight death challenge prayer let consciences honorable gentlemen determine thing sure determined england suez canal hanmer sat house exploded cheering applause division lobby gladstone churchill pitt stopped shake hand lord palmerston eyed coldly pam shouldered disraeli limped enthusiasm admiration bite dizzy car waiting lady beaconsfield rolls royce houses parliament pinned primrose dizzy lapel patted hanmer cheek affectionately schoolboy bully dizzy georgie hanmer laughed dizzy sang gaudeamus igitur hanmer chanted ancient scholastic song reached dizzy ordered guinness grilled bones hanmer upstairs club change reason impulse look hated break past completely divested surtout nankeen waistcoat pepper salt trousers polished hessians undergarments
tension hung waiting smoked paced kicked aimlessly weeds growing side road hot noonday sun glared brown fields rows neat plastic houses distant line mountains west earl perine knotting skinny hands varies according load half additional pound bitterly morrison answered plotted re bad let pretend happens late visiting settlement didn perine morrison argue crouched arranged papers clipped aluminum check board blazing sun arms tanned furry glistening sweat wiry tangled gray hair horn rimmed glasses older wore slacks sport shirt crepe soled shoes fingers fountain pen glittered metallic efficient re writing perine grumbled laying procedure re going employ mildly systemize trying random want tried didn circle problem communication communication morrison agreed deep chesty voice yes touch damn thing comes leaves load goes contact
spaceship earth thousand miles diameter negligible dimension vastness space nearest star energy supplying mother ship sun ninety million miles nearest star hundred thousand times takes half light nearest energy supply ship star kind space distanced pattern flying spaceship earth travelling sixty thousand miles hour sun spinning axially latitude washington adds approximately thousand miles hour motion minute spin hundred miles zip orbit thousand miles lot spin zip launch rocketed space capsules fifteen thousand miles hour additional acceleration speed give rocket attain orbit speeding spaceship earth fourth greater speed big planetary spaceship spaceship earth extraordinarily invented designed knowledge humans board million knowing board ship spaceship superbly designed able regenerating board despite phenomenon entropy local physical systems lose energy obtain biological regenerating energy spaceship sun
warm spring thirteen sat chess board board sat donald byrne adult chess players united states seventeenth move interesting dramatic game young move part chess history moved bishop spaces allowed opponent capture queen queen important attacking piece chess board throwing piece looked defeat young knew quickly game wildly exciting teenager moved strongly certainly onward loss queen part plan byrne soon realized trouble fought experience thirteen pressed forty move byrne found trapped checkmated game game part tournament decided united states chess championship chess players amazed play young game famous considered greatest chess history young player experience defeat player young player proved genius greatest chess players lived thirteen bobby fischer later fourteen chess champion united states think achievement moment
spend millions dollars drug control puerto rico attack problem problem don attack starts try kids don drug addicts help interested sports give play speaker roberto clemente greatest baseball players dream build sports city young puerto rico planning large salary purpose unselfish attitude mark roberto clemente roberto born august carolina puerto rico father hard working foreman sugar cane plantation parents ran grocery meat store roberto played softball early age seventeen discovered hardball regular baseball soon picked santurce cangrejeros team developed young players brooklyn dodgers major league organization played santurce batting average means base hit times twenty times bat high average end signed dodgers bonus sum days huge sums paid professional football basketball hockey players
champion watch swimmers skaters television say champion course need special kind skill bobby fischer page special genius chess requires evonne goolagong born natural talent stroke tennis ball move court natural ability course potential champions succeed need qualities champions devoted aim concentrate goals hard reach top competing practicing goals mind practice makes perfect practice job champions practice hours nearly need patience strength character activities diver practice dives tiny motion controlled swimmer practice strokes wasted motion tennis player practice serve backhand forehand think strokes unfortunately champion require money entrance fees tournaments expenses equipment athlete improves enters national competition traveling expenses athlete need financial help
war battle trenches dug narrow holes ground shivered holes war times order top troops rose safety trenches faced deadly machine gun fire enemy trenches battles raged days weeks masses surged forward side gained ground thousands soldiers died acres land critics say generals ready fight wars fought previous wars war ii unavoidable generals thought fought war fought pictured hundreds thousands foot soldiers dug trenches french generals feared attack germany protect asked remembered trenches built protect armies attack let build trench trench built french built maginot line maginot line vast series fortifications strongest defense line prepared considered secure army french breathed easier important leaders disagreed trench warfare theory adolf hitler page hitler realized war ii fought war coming war fought run
late afternoon october gathered st peter square cathedral vatican sizable crowd fit huge plaza clearly happening waiting excitement swept crowd shouted look smoke turned look chimney famous sistine chapel wisp white smoke wavered wind bystanders cheered held sure pope weeks earlier pope pius xii died cardinals select successor pope pius october religious leaders gathered choose pope pope elected votes thirds cardinals assembled group called conclave conclave remains secret room hours days choose pope vote ballots gathered burned pope chosen straw added ballots smoke chimney black decision reached pope chosen straw added smoke white
february president richard nixon visiting china american president visiting vast country seeking friendlier relations america communist china president nixon stood wall wondered succeed aims barriers nations president left wondered actually mao tung mao leader communist china photographed recent rumors spread mao dead leaders met island china coast chinese leader events chiang leader nationalist republic china mao chiang enemies lives influenced china ways young paths crossed recrossed chiang mao belonged political group called kuomintang national peoples party chiang leader china leader mao let look briefly lives learn recent history china china troubled history twentieth century especially difficult china unrest revolution commonplace periods century china central government country divided large sections
meet president united states person tongue tied nervous introduced eva gabor met president lyndon johnson hello president darling eva gabor casual friendly greeting joined stories eva family eva mother sisters attract crowds legend source marvelous stories stories exaggerated true gabors colorful family mother gabor sisters named jolie eva youngest girls older sisters named magda sari sari gabor known zsa zsa eva zsa zsa successful careers america known magda jolie newsworthy personalities eva born budapest hungary father jeweler family financially magda zsa zsa school switzerland eva turn family wealth spent father afford send eva wanted actress enrolled acting school fifteen parents disapproved thought acting crude lowly profession forced eva withdraw later met physician hollywood dr eric drimmer married parents objected
york city broadway place plays produced actors hope broadway film stars money act broadway height fame movie television star peter falk agreed role prisoner avenue money hollywood consented act season broadway broadway peak show business easy spot reach plays try broadway try cities boston philadelphia plays close open broadway success broadway difficult achieve gwen verdon fine actress broadway play called children children producer play planned number previews preview town tryout held york critics reviewers attend previews play chance build children children mystery suspense previews enjoyed play lasted night opening newspapers ran reviews play unfavorable merely polite reviews praised gwen verdon praise play result play died actors jobs rehearsals putting play broadway difficult uncertain business
murder committed knows suspects detective comes case suspect person watch amazement feel suspense surprising move murderer revealed aha say person murder mysteries called whodunits interested finding murderer murder mystery game readers carefully notice clues try outguess detective audience play movie suspects character author plays fair readers audience able guess murderer modern murder mystery traced edgar allan poe wrote hundred ago poe created modern detective auguste dupin poe invented traditions detective stories murders rue morgue provided locked room mystery gold bug introduced readers codes ciphers mystery marie roget tried solve real mystery purloined letter poe introduced common bit deception pointed overlook obvious things poe detective story popular arthur conan doyle created sherlock holmes master detective friend dr watson later english writer agatha christie developed famous belgian detective hercule poirot
picture small country large jersey imagine surrounded strong powerful neighbors wish destroy imagine struggle major wars involving nation imagine constant border warfare raids accurate picture country israel founding scarcely goes disturbing news middle east israel center things turbulent area threat war part israelis business open areas agriculture expand foreign trade accept immigration lands land israel land bible modern israeli place names bible land troubled history bible known land canaan productive land centuries neglect destroyed soil increased desert areas israelis turning clock reclaiming desert land overrun conquerors assyrians babylonians egyptians persians romans modern times belonged turkey end war british control known palestine took philistines lived biblical times jews looked israel religious homeland
americans canada page africa history think wrong formed ideas africa watching movies africa vast dense jungle lions tigers roam fact lion prefers plains game plentiful tiger native african animal errors typical wrong ideas africa africa huge times larger united states including alaska hawaii immense land area deserts grasslands plains mountains cool highlands steamy jungles joy adamson page commented variety african wildlife larger animals africa elephant leopard history africa complicated paintings sahara rocks thousand sahara desert fertile region rivers grassy valleys rock paintings actually trace history show newcomers scene prosperity record change growth picture cattle grazing fertile grasslands show art music dancing sahara began dry disaster forced lives cattle longer survive dry regions invaders drove peaceful herdsmen
beatles arrived united states riot cold february beatles plane crowds moved forward wanted young englishmen popularity increased tickets concert carnegie hall sold hours beatles appeared ed sullivan tv show performance received highest rating history beatles asia australia pacific tour united states later visited twenty states tour took million dollars beatles america august concert filled seats shea stadium york appeared cow palace san francisco nearly caused riot special quality young successful effect music early experiences happened successful let try answer questions success beatles early twenties john lennon paul mccartney george harrison ringo starr beatles famous overnight suppose worked hard successful john lennon organized musical group teens actually met paul mccartney
wildlife construct forever rebuild pyramid rebuild ecology giraffe naturalist joy adamson comment observed senseless slaughter african wildlife heard expression endangered species word species refers families animals species animals disappear earth endangered species die extinct help ago united states issued series postage stamps calling attention threatened species california condor polar bear species late american passenger pigeon common bird john james audubon vivid description birds naturalist careful observer nature audubon tells story believed estimated billion birds flock took days flock pass audubon house birds settled trees branches broke weight passenger pigeon forever died zoo animals saved brink disappearance american buffalo bison hunted extinction observer buffalo herd estimated twenty miles wide fifty miles
americans killed automobiles wars lose lives highways annually hundreds thousands severely injured crippled death statistics frightening average nearly americans killed traffic accidents ten minutes average traffic death reading page cars crashing dying holiday weekend headlines tell story traffic experts predict die roads rarely low estimates ways average dropping double number cars double number accidents making progress progress satisfying die unnecessarily wrong elements traffic accident driver driving conditions car luck fourth condition impossible control foresee wrong spot wrong let look conditions driver getting license driver trained understand principles driving knowing mistakes understand mechanics car realize distance takes stop fast moving car
irene cut seventh tooth lower left stand half minute past days bathed river cries today stopped crying played hands water note diary written proud mother child date august months later october entry diary irene walk longer goes fours sound ordinary unusual writer note wait moment scientific article published months later appears statement reasons enumerated lead believe radioactive substance element propose give radium writers shaking statement irene mother marie curie scientist managed combine careers scientist mother devoted week later appears entry notebook irene fifteen teeth irene teeth important proud parents discovery radium news events century radium unusual dramatic chemical elements played major role medicine especially treatment cancer
walk park aware things things squirrels trees alive things sunlight soil nonliving things important living things provide plants animals need live nonliving things important noticed interesting walked park living things nonliving things park interact affect earthworm soil shelter food earthworm enriches soil wastes minerals earthworm helps break decaying matter soil ways living nonliving things park interact interaction living things nonliving things place called ecosystem interactions park ecosystem pond ecosystem ecosystems alike nonliving thing ecosystems soil soil important minerals plants need grow soil holds water plants need ecosystems soil soil islands formed underwater volcano erupts kind island begins rock soil ecosystem island gradually begins change ocean washes sand shore bringing trace soil
living things ecosystem live days water live minutes air air gas called oxygen living things need oxygen cells living things stop working oxygen carbon dioxide gas air nitrogen plants need nitrogen cells grow living things gases need taking air suppose living things water ecosystem lake gases need things need energy energy ability change energy need run ride bike food eat energy food ecosystems need energy energy ecosystems comes sun sun important effect kind climate ecosystem climate kind weather place period climate deserts hot dry climate forests cool moist sun affects climate ecosystem heating earth places earth heat faster places large bodies land heat faster large bodies water heat affects air earth air heated air warmer air rises
desert freshwater ecosystem desert water deserts found cold parts earth greenland deserts heat sun kind ecosystem water heat important nonliving things hot desert ecosystem animals live hot desert protect heat dryness live plants burrows holes ground hot sun sets desert comes alive desert birds hop holes giant cactus plants hours hunt insects seeds kangaroo rat burrow gather seeds snake ready strike kangaroo rat darkness roadrunner bird runs fast run snatch snake kangaroo rat snake roadrunner part food web parts food web think animals bears groundhogs sleep cold winter animals desert toads snails sleep hot summer desert animals cover jellylike substance keeps drying birds sleep helps heat cooler animals active
planets moons interesting objects found space objects move orbits sun part solar system objects scientists discovered large space orbit mars jupiter small rocky objects rocky objects called asteroids greek word means resembling star area asteroids revolve called asteroid belt largest asteroid ceres measures kilometers miles diameter size ceres compare size earth asteroids discovered think asteroids belt number asteroids difficult count think sure exactly asteroids part solar system believe planet revolving sun asteroid belt area reason planet broken small pieces continue revolve sun believe solar system forming asteroids joining planet reason asteroids remained separate think small planets orbit gravity planet pulled planets collided broke small pieces
known earth revolves sun speak sun earth sun rises east sun moves overhead shines brilliant yellow cloudy sun shine think sun things agree sun important living things earth ways sun important plants animals earth ways sun important sun star element known sun gases hydrogen helium large mass sun makes sun heavy pressure center sun pressure makes hydrogen change helium change huge amounts energy temperature center sun thought energy center sun works surface sun surface light heat energy directions small amount energy reaches earth suppose happens rest sun energy hungarian born maria telkes engineer found ways energy sun energy sun called solar energy dr telkes designed appliances solar energy
ago drawings sky drawings instruments help objects sky course drawings mistakes strong eyes study universe ways study universe today early telescope built telescope things takes light large space centers small space telescope magnifies image makes larger telescope makes faraway object star look closer larger kinds telescopes kind called refractor refractor telescope tube glass lens end eyepiece holds lens person looks image larger objective lens end tube takes light centers small space kind telescope called reflector lenses mirrors image reflected mirror eyepiece drawing page shows kinds telescopes ways alike ways telescopes wanted images planets stars moons
elements found air earth crust elements elements scientists laboratories sixteen elements elements scientists short scientists say elements elements accepted scientists look reference books heading element find elements air mixture gases gases air elements look graph page elements air nitrogen makes largest part air element makes largest part elements air plants animals need gases air help live gases ways neon gas special light bulbs strong bright lights gases elements elements ground found joined elements pure elements found part earth crust silicon copper aluminum gold silver nickel zinc tin lead mine elements ways common element earth silicon sand silicon silicon things glass
common compound salt salt broken elements sodium chlorine sodium silver white soft metal chlorine heavy greenish gas sodium chlorine joined salt supper table compounds elements salt look act salt salt elements compound rust rust form cars seen rust bicycles rust elements iron oxygen rust brittle reddish brown compound iron seen rust oxygen breathe water salt rust elements compounds elements compound sugar carbon hydrogen oxygen sugar things sugar kinds compounds compound properties compounds compounds compounds act grouped compounds act alike helpful compound acts large group compounds act alike called acids acid sour substance acids vinegar lemon juice foods taste sour weak acids foods taste sour
things found nature salt water things things found nature things imagine house windows car windshield glass things glass glass silicon oxygen sodium calcium elements found ground glassmakers mix heat elements glass think glass shapes kind matter soap soap clothes clean soap ago soaps boiling animal fats strong bases today soaps boiling fats bases milder bases vegetable oils hydrogen oxygen added scientists detergents help clean things find detergents soaps detergents thread clothing cotton plants wool animals today scientists found ways kinds thread threads cost easier wash need ironing kinds thread scientists kind matter called plastic
ago animals heavy labor farms automobiles driven city streets homes electricity airplanes fly skies ways today differences machines machines need energy run machines energy needed kinds energy machines problems energy energy today think soon run sources energy begun ask questions energy sources energy future answer questions today fossil fuels source energy fuels remains plants animals lived millions ago main fossil fuels oil natural gas coal oil pumped earth things things gasoline motor oil fertilizers paints plastics gasoline oil fuels help run machines automobiles airplanes oil large amounts united states produces half oil amounts oil bought countries
fossil fuels easily earth fossil fuels found places earth ocean floor shale rock deposits places hard costly fuels earth scientists finding ways scientists fuels found ways change coal liquid gas liquid kind gasoline gas place natural gas fuels found earth called synfuels fuels costly clean pollution found alcohol help overcome energy problem alcohol crops corn sugar beets alcohol mixed gasoline gasohol run cars helping save gasoline fossil fuels nuclear energy important scientists working improve nuclear reactors safer shields radioactive matter escaping water cooling systems power plants prevent thermal pollution nearby lakes rivers safer ways storing radioactive wastes found believe nuclear energy safe worry danger nuclear accident
baby teenager adult stages pass grow living things stages pass plants animals seen pass stages stages beginning plant animal stage growth end stage growth called cycle stage plants animals pass begins start grow plants animals start grow single cell cells tiny units living matter body living thing body living things cell body living things billions cells think single cell grows plant animal billions cells cell beginning plant animal result reproduction reproduction means living thing produces living things kinds reproduction kind reproduction cell simply splits divides takes place celled living things ameba ameba divides equal cells cells ameba kind reproduction ameba divides produce ameba called cell division fission
noticed blink eyes fly comes close quickly pull hand hot stove reacts things think reactions mentioned page reactions called simple reflexes simple reflexes reactions body makes protect blink eyes bug comes close bug getting eyes learn reflexes think situations born simple reflexes simple reflexes systems body important system called nervous system nerves spinal cord brain thing nervous system control simple reflexes helps react environment blink comes close eyes blink things place nervous system sensory neurons eyes pick image coming close eyes sensory neurons change image nerve impulses impulses move sensory nerves brain impulses reach brain coming close eyes
simple reflex yawning hold mouth shut stop stretching neck throat muscles taking deep breath carbon dioxide blood center brain sends impulses motor nerves muscles yawn thought yawn need breathe thought yawn stretching muscles neck throat helps blood flow brain think important noticed hot sweat sweating simple reflex protects body warm part brain helps temperature body body begins normal temperature impulses brain sweat glands skin glands produce sweat sweat evaporates skin body cools think important body warm cold body shiver shivering simple reflex protects body cold body begins normal temperature brain sends impulses motor nerves muscles body impulses muscles tighten relax quickly shiver
things affect change learning things change adapt environment things think change learn watched baby learning walk baby begins holding baby learns step finally baby learns walk help babies learn walk begin walking months begin walking half differences mature physically develop physically speeds things learn physically mature things remember began write letters big happened physically mature small accurate movements fingers changed handwriting kinds things part normal growth things ago things help adapt environment watched ball game team ahead seconds left game
think looked sky clear night saw stars earliest times watched stars sky ago farmers watched stars plant crops watched stars help find traveling stars important sailors watch stars find watch stars think stars beautiful think watch stars known stars thought stars lights sky today known stars times bigger earth stars small fact stars millions spaceship thing learned stars hot gases gas shape air kinds gases gases star hot give light stars shine able think helen sawyer hogg american studied stars astronomer dr hogg studies stars pulsate grow brighter dimmer times stars figure distances stars
asked knew sun say say large bright light sky say sun bright hurt eyes look say sun warm things say say sun seen sun hundreds times sun thought sun star sun look bigger stars sun looks bigger stars medium size star stars bigger sun stars smaller sun sun looks big closest star earth ways sun stars closest star earth sun important star earth ways think sun important played sun summer warmed hands window sunlight shining sun heat heat sun warms air ground think important air ground warmed
look sky clear night look star things sky stars things planets planets planets stars picture left shows planet venus venus seen sky dawn picture venus planet saturn seen moon seen planets planets look stars stars found planets rock iron gases think planets gases rock iron center planets stars ways planets give light planets light sun shines planets times smaller stars think planets look size stars watched planets noticed planets stay stars move stars planets known moving sun planet moves egg shaped path picture shows planets paths
noticed puddles water rains happens puddles water soak ground goes air water goes air say evaporates means liquid gas called water vapor heat water evaporate heat sun surface earth helps water evaporate water vapor forms rises warm air air cooler rises air cools takes space room water vapor water vapor condense change vapor liquid liquid form tiny water drops tiny water drops mix dust smoke air tiny water drops collect form cloud air cooler water drops collect cloud soon cloud longer hold water drops water drops begin fall form precipitation precipitation form water falls earth rain form precipitation temperature water vapor air freezes condenses happens snow formed snow frozen water vapor snow falls earth form precipitation learned nature water liquid gas liquid
knowing weather going important airplane pilots farmers jobs affected weather times want weather times study weather called meteorologists study atmosphere try forecast weather tell think weather forecasting weather meteorologists find weather places reports weather stations towns information weather balloons travel high sky find weather weather satellites circle earth send information weather parts earth meteorologists try forecast weather correctly times forecast sunny rains happen especially weather fast meteorologists hard keeping track help forecast weather meteorologists instruments instruments measure weather instruments measure weather picture left shows anemometer instrument shows fast wind blowing wind blows cups instrument cups spin faster wind blows faster cups spin
things picture mind think storm leaves blowing wind dark clouds sky running inside buildings flashes lightning things think kinds storms storms wind called windstorms storms dust wind called dust storms storms water storm rainstorm rainstorms helpful ways kind storm called tornado tornado violent windstorm form funnel shaped cloud tornadoes happen spring summer begin place land air hot cool air meets hot air hot air begins move moves whirl faster faster air pressure tornado low drops tornado destructive dangerous tornadoes cover small area travel forward kilometers miles hour winds tornado moving spiral fast kilometers miles hour picture left shows approaching tornado picture shows happened place hit tornado things picture show winds tornado strong
liquids change phase matter change liquid gas gas hard kind change liquid changed gas learned heat change molecules solid attracted heat change molecules liquid attracted heat added liquid molecules move faster farther liquid gas evaporates heated liquid evaporates molecules part air clothes dry washed water evaporates perfume evaporates put skin heat body helps perfume evaporate perfume evaporated evaporates quickly perfume water tell heat evaporates liquid quickly bubbles formed happens liquid boils liquids boil water boils liquids need heat liquids boil want boil liquid heated solid liquid gas solid change directly gas patch ice street sidewalk disappear
matter change phase heat added heat matter changed ways ways seen matter change size shape color matter ways ways matter grouped main kinds kind change takes place depends happens molecules matter kind change matter physical change physical change matter change looks physical happen phase size shape color change matter molecules matter change matter look physical change matter changed physical change takes place matter phase ice melts water molecules change kinds molecules water molecules water molecules frozen boiled freezing boiling water change looks kind physical change takes place matter size heat things change size adding heat things expand bigger adding heat sidewalk bigger hot summer sidewalk contract smaller cold winter night
chemical change takes place eat food think ate sandwich chewed sandwich mixed liquid mouth liquid called saliva chemicals help break digest food eat sandwich change mixes saliva swallow food mixes chemicals inside stomach parts body chemicals change food eat change molecules food kinds molecules food eat changed body body food help grow food help move chemical place breathing eating happen short chemical happen longer seen iron fence started fall seen holes bottom cars iron fence cars chemical change iron protected oxygen air iron oxygen join happens molecule formed molecule iron oxide rust rusty fence fall rust car damage car things seen rust think want things rusting
machines simple machines fact machines simple machines machines called compound machines compound machine pair scissors scissors simple pair scissors levers joined fulcrum lever wedge cutting scissors pictured page point levers fulcrum wedges sharpen pencil compound machine pencil sharpener kinds simple machines working sharpener wedges screws wheels axles point simple machines picture pencil sharpener page seen building road built seen compound machines building road workers dig ground move rocks earth bulldozer power shovel things compound machines building roads buildings compound machines homes schools parks summer grass cut trees cut bushes moved planted fall leaves winter snow ice removed streets sidewalks
force push pull thing pushed pulled forces trying moving stopping moved stopped depends force stronger tried lift heavy moved think move think moving hard stop try stop lift push pull force force gravity gravity force pulls things earth drop pencil force gravity pulls pick force pull gravity machines gravity inclined planes elevators rockets machines machines gravity lifting things push pull things reason push pull things start moving things move stay force move inertia rest show true putting book level surface book move force force needed start moving force needed stop moving
look beaks birds kind food think bird eat beak body part helps bird live surroundings animals body parts help live surroundings animals live places happens animals change surroundings change animals able live surroundings environment surroundings animals live food hard find animals food stay strong healthy animals food weak sick animals hunt easily catch animals weak sick animals body parts structures help food environment animals kinds structures help food changed environment able live young structures makes young fit environment live kinds animals shape structures change shape structures helps animals live environment called adaptation charles darwin english scientist studied animals natural environment watched kinds birds noticed birds ate seeds ate fruits ate insects darwin suggested beaks birds adaptations
plants need water grow plants water soil roots plant water plant needs suppose soil plant dry water nearby water reach root root grow place water found plants give water give water openings leaves air dry plants give water dry air openings leaves close help plant air dry plants need minerals grow roots plants minerals soil minerals soil minerals soil wastes animals minerals soil plants animals die plants animals die bodies break decay minerals bodies soil minerals help plants grow soil place minerals plants need grow plant food fertilizer added soil fertilizer adds minerals soil minerals help plants grow important minerals nitrogen phosphorus potassium minerals needed plant growth brands plant food houseplants find minerals plant foods
living things plant behave ways plants affect plants grow animals affect plants ways plants plants behave ways animals plants behave plants need things grow plant keeps plant growing animal keeps plant growing plants grow protects plants grow protects animals likely deserts rain desert plants roots roots water plants grow close plants water desert plant creosote bush protects crowded roots give poison suppose plant young creosote bush started grow older creosote bush poison older plant kill younger plant plants poisons protect hungry animals poison ivy makes poison bothers skin animals rub animals learn stay poison ivy plants poison plants kind protection grass found animals graze animals grass grass droops
living things behave ways help live behaviors help living things plants behave ways help plants grow animals behave ways help plants grow insects worms eat plants plants help insects worms plants marigold plants poison poison insects worms leave marigolds poison helpful rosebushes growing marigolds roots rosebushes destroyed roundworms marigolds close poison keeps roundworms rosebushes rosebushes grow marigolds healthy rosebushes grow garlic plants garlic keeps beetles roses asparagus plants worms tomatoes onion plants carrot flies carrots sprays plants kill insects worms sprays harm living things eat plants birds mammals sprays vegetables eat guard eating sprays ways insects worms plants plants bright colored flowers colors attract insects bees flowers plants sweet liquid called nectar insects drink nectar insects nectar collect pollen body pollen parts flowers looks white colored dust plants need pollen plants kind seeds
sunny tom dot plan today think dig pit set plant plant big plums plan tom dot help dig let plant kitchen yes tom let going tom bent dig dot getting plump bend digging dot help dug tom yelled cut hand dot rushed tom doctor doctor fixed cut bell hand rest today home dot plan dan jan dig pit set plant dinner tom dan jan job fuss plum plant dan jan job dug pit mom dad plant mom dad hugged mom job plant song mom song job mom let rest till
rags woods jan ran path rags cut leg tin cut bled lot mud jan rags let look leg try fix jan picked rags looked cut bad cut jan dr miller animal doctor fix jan blanket rags rushed dr miller house dr miller wet cut rid mud thick pad re dog rags dr miller didn cry jan thank dr miller rags home yes dr miller rest jan set rags blanket took home mom looked rags resting blanket rags ok jan tell mom rags cut leg cut bled lot rush rags dr miller jan thinking mom let set rags bed blanket rags licked jan hand say thanks wet september pam rushed jan school didn think going school ms cook let help plants today happy mills room jan
school ms king class ted class ted don sit tam ms king helped ted desk ted rest ms king ted black box ms king things ted punched box click click click class boys girls looked clock bell rang boys girls ran ted tam tam sit desk dan dan ask black box yes ted tablets punch punches spots dan began clap thing ted tam club class wish ted clubs think class dan ted help math book class wish thanks ted house yes dan home class house dinner dinner dan ted house rang bell don pam house dan met
school dan jim kim sat steps let bikes dinner dan ok kim standing thing thing kim forgotten fix bike kim lots things jim think ok kim pond catch fish dan pond slushy don step slush kim stand mess catch fish ok jim let sledding sleds big stack house run kim want yelled jim don want sleds stack don want step slush pond want want jet kim think fun dan trip jet dinner dan home school big stack books kitchen jan standing room big stack books kitchen
jan asked ted dan peg plant shop shop lots plants stop home school jan ted don ask tam think likes houseplants lots house ok jan wants jan asked tam yes stuck house stiff wind jackets peg plant shop plants stiff thick stems plants thin stems big plants plants plant looked bunch sticks plants buds plant red buds want jan houseplant peg woman shop stiff things stick ted stuck plant sting yes jan stuck jacket rip stitch fix ted plant stuck home peg plant shop jan tam ted passed pam house pam rung stepladder picking plums big plum stem jan tam ted passing tam stopped looked pam
sancho stood pet shop looked boys girls going school wet didn run skip looked sad sancho pet fed dogs fish tanks fed kittens skunk box sancho boys girls look skunk moms dads don want skunks pets grandmothers grandfathers boys girls grandmothers grandfathers shop skunk sell sancho set big jug boys girls look jug tag grandmothers grandfathers win pet tell money jug jug tag skunk box boys girls going school passed sancho shop looked tag grandmothers grandfathers shop pam grandmother tell money jug tan puppy tam grandfather tell money jug fish tank tam tam fish pink skin
rags sat pan sipped sipped pan dry home fill pan rags wanted drink rags sat looked kitchen sink drip drip drip drop pan wanted sip bit milk left nat pan rags lapped milk want drink rags drink nat milk took nap nat ran kitchen rest milk milk looked rags mat jan home filled nat pan milk filled rag pan sink sink fixed dripped dripped days nat rags drinks pans pets jan dripping sink want drink lot rags sat nat pan pan dry milk asked jan maybe nat let sip milk nat hissed kim sat bed looking sad puppy sandy bed sandy wish didn miss school today going miss test school cold kim looked big drop window
sandy kim pup getting bigger slept kim bed mother father happy mom kim sandy getting big dog think bed house maybe dad think kim look father mom thinks fix house sandy think asked let look plans doghouses sandy father sat kitchen looked lots plans doghouses dad lots looking doghouses book think sandy house brick brick doghouse mother money lot money brick doghouse mom kim lot money sandy doghouse block kim father lots bricks sandy house house kim days kim father spent lots sandy house kim dad mother sandy house think kim sandy going miss room father bring lots
dan home look tv story tv think manny trip story tv lucky big horse fastest runner bell ranch belonged ms bellman fast runner ms bellman track ms bellman took lucky track bell ranch truck track lucky want run ed helped track began saddle lucky horse mad pitching bucking ed held think trick saddle ed handle ok ms bellman ran truck lucky lunch box box bran mash lucky liked mash stopped bucking drink ed saddle lucky trying lucky run big horse ran didn run fast lunch ed told ms bellman let lunch run ms bellman saddle ed asked think ms bellman
seashore maybe seen pictures ocean think ocean seen ocean quiet peaceful times rough stormy ocean changing call restless sea ago told strange tales ocean things ocean understand found ways study ocean ago wanted things ocean wanted deep ocean wanted ocean deep ocean ways find deep parts ocean found measure depth ocean echoes maybe heard echo called large room sound voice reached wall returned ear echo ocean sound waves ocean ship sound waves hit bottom ocean bounced ship track number seconds took sound bounce knew sound moves ocean water average rate meters feet helped figure deep ocean point
studied ocean learned shape ocean floor learned outer layer earth earth crust forms shelf large land masses earth land masses called continents gave shelf continental shelf shelf forms part ocean floor reaches ocean continents kilometers ocean water shelf meters feet deep outer edges shelf ocean floor begins drop rapidly part ocean floor looks side steep hill called continental slope slope keeps dropping downward rapidly half kilometers miles steep wall rough deep canyons high cliffs carved bottom continental slope ocean floor levels floor beneath open ocean water deep flat part ocean floor stretches kilometers underwater mountain ranges found surprised mountains rising ocean floor underwater mountain ranges higher highest mountains land mountain ranges canyons largest canyons land small deepest underwater canyon found south pacific ocean called mariana trench
movement water ocean salt water salt makes ocean water heavier fresh water ocean water salt heavier ocean water salt parts ocean salt water salt heavier ocean water sink ocean water moves top happens rise current ocean currents caused amounts salt water warm ocean currents places ocean warmer expected cities coast milder climates similar cities farther inland places equator warm ocean currents gulf stream warm air warmer air makes places milder climate ocean currents important keeping air warm cool places earth seen waves washing gently beach seen pictures giant waves crashing rocky shore waves kind movement ocean waves caused wind wind blows ocean water rise fall wave passes wave moves picks energy wind wave reaches water shore bottom part wave slowed shore
crust earth important movements bring land rocks crust important think rocks important suppose list things rock list buildings statues things list loaf bread biscuits things mixed bread biscuits rocks rocks things called minerals looked rock seen small colored spots seen minerals colors seen rocks suppose mineral hunt think look minerals inside home strange minerals things minerals inside home drinking glasses windows mineral mineral called quartz things home think quartz likely put salt food helps bring flavor foods salt mineral found ground coarse form called halite seen coarse salt
sweep dirt sidewalk clean mud shoes heard words times dirt mud bother help dirt mud words soil soil important ways soil important eat vegetables fruit meat food eat comes plants animals plants grown soil animals raised plants grown soil clothing cotton leather wool cotton comes plants leather wool animals things plants animals remember forces change land forces heat build land forming mountains rock forces rushing water break land changing large rocks smaller rocks forces break land helpful making soil forces helpful making soil looked closely soil seen small pieces rocks minerals smaller pieces rocks minerals course larger rocks broken small pieces rocks minerals important part soil think rocks minerals important part soil
rocks alike rocks ways soils soils differ color soils differ things seen soil black soil light brown soil black humus humus decaying parts plants animals soil light brown humus soils differ color minerals mineral soil look red mineral soil look yellow soil color important grow plants think soil color important soils suppose buckets soil beach lawn garden riverbed suppose rub kind soil fingers find sandy soil beach feel coarse salt clay soil riverbeds feel fine scouring powder soil lawn garden parts feel coarse parts feel fine think soils feel coarse feel fine grow plants soil able hold amount air water
likely turn lights things electricity times times want turn things things electricity turn turn things turn electricity switch circuit look switches circuits pictured page circuits allow electricity flow kinds switches kind called knife switch blade knife switch closed touches metal piece electricity pathway flow switch open space metal pieces electricity complete pathway rooms home kinds switches kind push button switch kind switch buttons push button metal end button touches piece metal closes circuit push button opens circuit kind switch flip switch flip switch circuit closed flip switches silent pieces hard metal liquid mercury connection switches switched light flip switch forgotten switch
electricity greatly changed lives easier electricity things enjoy things enjoy electricity electricity today maybe toasted bread electric toaster breakfast today eaten egg cooked electric stove wearing pressed electric iron electric toasters stoves irons electricity things hot toasters stoves irons special wires electricity passes wires hot heat wires toasts bread cooks egg helps press clothes things electricity heat noticed wires toaster heat glow red light things hot give light light bulbs kind light bulb thin wire electricity flows wire wire hot bright light air needed things burn air light bulbs wire light bulb burning wire light bulbs glows burn light bulbs wires seen signs light colors signs tubes gas
electricity help help receive messages help send messages want send messages send receive messages telephone telephone carries messages wires telephone mouthpiece talk mouthpiece voice changed electric signals signals carried wires phone person calling signals changed voice sounds person earphone person hear voice miles suppose wanted send message quickly country telegraph office telegraph offices machines send receive messages wires machines teleprinter looks typewriter message want send typed teleprinter teleprinter message electric signals signals carried wires telegraph office want message office signals message typed paper machine message phoned office person want touch pictures want send pictures quickly distance electricity bring things enjoy radio tv run electricity
things light bounces eyes light reaches eyes things happen light pass transparent part eye called cornea cornea curved bends light light bent passes liquid cornea light passes opening eye opening known pupil looks black spot middle colored part eye colored part called iris makes pupil change size amounts light notice pictures light bright iris makes pupil small light dim iris makes pupil large important pupil change size amounts light light passes pupil light enters part eye known lens kinds lenses lens eye bends light muscles sides lens change shape bend light ways lets nearby things clearly lets faraway things clearly light passes lens light bent bending takes place jellylike matter inside eye matter help eyes shape
things play tricks afterimages explained things explained things called optical illusions optical illusions things seen picture optical illusion seen faces vase picture ways found hard faces picture look optical illusion brain chooses seeing thing suggested brain find hard suggested image known brain chooses image believe brain guesses things look according seen think brain chooses look circles circle think bigger circles optical illusions look size size think arrows circles think circles size think arrows eyes look look circles look lines picture lines length
wonder grown thought grew suppose grew fit point pin things things notice hard picture small pinpoint filled living things living things affect maybe chocolate milk today cheese pickle ate things enjoyed flavors tiny living things known bacteria eat kinds cheese bacteria cheese taste look reference books heading cheese find bacteria help foods taste bacteria living things thought plants animals body simpler body plants animals bacteria tiny fit pinpoint suppose airplane flying high countryside able house ground field glasses village field glasses bacteria microscope bacteria bacteria kind grow group group called colony colony bacteria microscope
oxygen cells body need food food systems circulatory respiratory systems jobs food need cells depend system system digestive system think digestive system helps rest body food foods eat important helping body properly suppose ate sandwich lunch sandwich slices bread butter meat important nutrients things body needs grow bread kind nutrient called carbohydrates group foods energy think foods starchy sweet belong group bread foods group cereals fruits potatoes foods eat group butter sandwich eating food important kind nutrient called fats fats give energy cream butter oil fat foods think fats meat sandwich belongs kind nutrient group called proteins proteins help body cells help grow proteins help body repair parts body damaged meat cheese fish eggs foods proteins foods eat
body bones joined skeleton bony framework called skeletal system holds body helps give shape protects soft organs nerves think look bones skeleton parts part suited job understand feel bones head bones skull think hard round surface football helmet skull protects brain bumps harm head feel big curved bone round part fairly flat bones bones joined bone form head grow larger rest body grows front part skull cuplike holders eyes easily feel bones eyes notice protect front eyes bone head move jawbone hold jaw hand chin try talk chew happen move jawbone head fastened called spine backbone backbone bone bones called vertebrae stacked top separate bones bend turn
seen important bones body bones move muscles needed move bones muscles help move parts body move eyes tongue eyebrows look picture parts body muscles move muscles move bones called skeletal muscles connected bones muscle bunches shorter try bending arm elbow feel muscle side upper arm shorter end muscle connected bone lower arm end connected bone upper arm shoulder bone muscle shorter pulls lower arm upper arm want lower arm muscle connected outer side bone upper arm connected bone lower arm muscle shorter pulls arm straight muscles pairs pair shorter pulls bone pair shortens pulls bone find main muscles body muscle bend arm elbow
map north south america page shows continents alike ways land surface river systems river system river branches mississippi river system longest river system north america drains central plain united states north canada mackenzie river branches flows north arctic ocean st lawrence river flows atlantic ocean st lawrence system connects lakes forms waterway extends halfway north america find river systems physical map page south america river systems north orinoco river system orinoco flows caribbean sea south la plata river branches greatest amazon river system amazon rises high andes flows eastward atlantic ocean turn map americas page find river systems americas alike ways land surfaces river systems north south america shaped triangles joined narrow neck land isthmus neck land called isthmus panama north south america share western hemisphere western half earth physical map americas page shows continents differ ways
norway europeans find continent north america europeans knew discovery interested finding asia sea wanted spices precious stones goods later explorers nations sailed ocean began settling americas castle norway listening story adventure eric red storyteller says vikings sea rovers left norway ago live iceland island western ocean troubles neighbors left eric sailed west found larger island eric saw green plants growing coast named greenland iceland family settlers eric left greenland son leif leif set voyage sailed south west greenland leif finally reached low coast covered trees grapes grew grapes wine leif called country wineland vinland leif ericson built house stayed winter decided return greenland later leif brother led group vikings vinland traded skrellings trouble broke vikings skrellings leif brother killed vikings left vinland return guessed vinland north america
landforms eastern united states important europeans set colonies ago map shows east coast look fly high region land water forms atlantic coastal plain extends cape cod massachusetts south florida coastal plain rises sea level borders atlantic ocean soil atlantic coastal plain deep sandy suited raising vegetables fruits american indians early settlers raise food needed atlantic coastal plain bays harbors coastline bays harbors called irregular coastline fish live coastal waters fishing grounds protected harbors colonists turned sea living area virginia maryland delaware rivers flow land sea level ocean tides flow upstream miles tides rivers flood banks distance inland section coastal plain called tidewater region colonists farms rivers ships europe stop farms load unload products map page shows rivers atlantic coastal plain sources appalachian highland rivers flow piedmont foundation hard rock
united states broken ties britain manufacturers merchants needed markets americans wanted products distant lands american ships began visit seaports europe africa missed products east british ships bring merchants united states decided open trade asia united states nation ship port york city reached china outdone boston merchants fitted ships trade east captain robert gray commanded ships captain gray sailed southward coasts north south america cape horn stopped furs west coast north america sailed pacific ocean hawaii china ship carry flag united states pacific ocean exchanged furs tea spices silk gray returned magellan drake route africa map showing routes search east page gray american sail voyage helped promote trade china united states americans soon began trade britain merchants built valuable trade france european countries needed raw materials americans needed manufactured goods britain france war
worked hard rebuild unify america civil war move ahead census united states census official count census united states million americans living small settlements farms today united states million live cities aztec maya inca indians developed cities coming europeans europeans began build cities cities built atlantic coast cities grew trade britain countries cities built south west spanish st augustine florida oldest city united states spanish founded st augustine spanish founded church settlements west coast spanish settlements protect claims california settlements san diego san francisco grew large cities spanish founded santa fe mexico unlike early cities santa fe ocean santa fe oldest capital city united states rivers ohio westward bound settlers settlements located river banks serve needs river travelers chose settle region
individual rights freedoms important america hundreds united states enjoyed full civil rights civil rights individual rights citizen freedom speech vote equal protection law important part american history struggle extend civil rights americans emancipation proclamation thirteenth amendment freed slaves citizenship granted slaves fourteenth amendment fifteenth amendment stated citizen denied vote race color slave spite amendments blacks difficult problems cities united states laws segregate separate blacks whites states public places beaches restaurants separated black white areas schools admitted whites blacks classes businesses hire blacks segregation denied civil rights blacks leadership black americans black began gain civil rights supreme court ruled schools segregated series civil rights acts passed congress important civil rights act act outlawed segregation public places schools parks beaches restaurants libraries act gave equal opportunities regardless race
creek indians lived alabama georgia settlers began move creek lands indians angry attacked fort mims alabama united states soldiers led andrew jackson fought defeated creeks forced move present oklahoma seminole indians lived florida heard creeks seminoles decided action lands decision started seminole war jackson led soldiers border florida took spanish forts forced spain give claim territory spain decided sell florida united states million dollars jackson conquer indians later seminole war broke fighting osceola seminole chief captured seminoles continued fight nearly ruined survivors moved oklahoma stayed florida cherokee indians lived carolinas georgia war independence settlers began move cherokee lands settlers arrived gold discovered georgia asked united states government force cherokees lands cherokees asked help united states supreme court court ruled indians court stated indians lived land later congress treaty forcing cherokees moved oklahoma
southeast natural resources land chiefly farming mining important industry southeast coal deposits map page shows bituminous coal field lies appalachian highland largest coal field extends kentucky west virginia virginia tennessee alabama kentucky west virginia mine largest amounts coal mining towns grown states coal mined electricity power factories southeastern states coal shipped north exported coal water cheaper ship heavy goods water railroad norfolk newport news virginia largest seaports export coal cities united states oil natural gas fields appalachian highland extend west virginia kentucky fields help furnish power fuel glass chemical factories west virginia oil fields located gulf coastal area oil pumped offshore deposits gulf look map oil deposits page learned iron ore coal limestone making steel large amounts found close northern alabama valley birmingham richest iron ore areas country
congress quarreled missouri union missouri compromise finally settled quarrel compromise agreement side wants compromise missouri admitted slave maine north admitted free number slave free states equal north south exactly number members votes senate compromise decided question slavery louisiana territory southern boundary missouri dividing line slave free states states formed north line missouri free states states formed south line permitted slaves slavery question louisiana territory appeared settled states formed region entered union compromise stated arkansas admitted slave south missouri iowa free north missouri thought missouri compromise continue disappointed law presented congress law stated land bordering missouri west lying north southern boundary territories southern part called kansas territory
petroleum sulfur gulf coast louisiana yields salt louisiana leading salt producer salt lies underground thick beds rock salt salt mines quarries ground oklahoma texas produce salt salt common salt kitchen table season food largest amounts salt industry salt meat packing plants factories process hides leather bakers cereal producers butter cheese manufacturers huge amounts farmers feed salt livestock arkansas largest deposits bauxite north america bauxite ore aluminum bauxite looks clay mined open pits ore washed crushed bauxite melted aluminum strong light metal important building airplanes kitchen utensils aluminum helium found texas large quantities helium light gas burn explode blimp kind balloon airship blimp gas bag metal frame collapses gas helium rocket launchings welding major helium field lies amarillo texas panhandle texas shaped large pan handle pan area extends northward rest texas
indians living pueblos known pueblo indians pueblo indians farmers grew corn beans squash spanish tried teach christianity pueblos indians wanted religion pueblos drove spanish later united states gained lands pueblos lived government let pueblos ways pueblo indians today live pueblos mexico arizona farm nearby cities known art maria montoya martinez born san pueblo mexico maria husband julian began making black black pottery early special type pottery pueblo indians ago remembered maria julian tests found black black pottery julian died maria continued maria materials earth pottery formed pot hand pots perfectly shaped pot heated black finish martinez pottery known maria invited show works fairs invited white house presidents received number awards honors maria died children grandchildren grandchildren continue famous pottery
denver worried transcontinental railroad finished trains coast coast railroad southern wyoming denver capital colorado denver today important trade center worry denver ghost town transcontinental railroad bypassed city ghost town built railroad line north join transcontinental railroad wyoming railroads leading denver built today city major transportation center rocky mountain region denver serves trade center regions city gateway rocky mountain region serves plains region east rockies goods denver supplies nearby areas manufactured parts nation machinery goods denver factories denver gateway mining country mountains plains center city founded pikes peak gold rush silver strikes touched boom later united states government built mint denver making coins metals coins denver place build mint ranches farms plains important denver mines mountains mining booms
northern part brazilian highlands desert spite lack water grass cattle goats raised northern highlands irrigated areas cotton sugarcane vegetables fruits grow carnauba wax babassu oil valuable products leaves carnauba palm coated wax making floor furniture polish motion picture films phonograph records oil babassu nut soap margarine cooking oil parts highlands receive heavy rains sugarcane cotton cacao bananas tropical crops grown fourths coffee raised brazil brazil coffee comes central highlands coffee plant needs cool climate growing season plenty water growing dry weather ripens gold brazil important mineral product ago diamonds discovered highlands brazil brazilian diamonds drill points cutting tools important industry rich iron ore fields lie north rio de iron ore exported today brazil factories south american countries factory products brazil kinds goods exported automobile steel rubber meat packing companies found large cities trained united states companies help brazilians foreign aid money helped brazil industries grow
globe show true shape earth globe earth round practical carry globe maps mapmaker shows round earth flat surface called projection projections pages map projection distortion understand problem simple experiment remove peel orange big piece try lay peel flat table stretch tear mapmakers faced problem draw maps solve stretching dividing parts globe maps shown fairly accurate pictures earth regions distorted regions center map accurate projection perfect projections show things look map western hemisphere hemisphere remember half earth western hemisphere half earth live projection equator center map shapes places equator fairly accurate places center shown true shapes look map northern hemisphere polar map
american cattle drives cowhands cow towns famous realize cattle drives lasted started soon civil war period millions longhorn cattle herded overland texas kansas missouri longhorns tough hardy breed cattle north mexico cattle drives cattle grazed grass open range towns sedalia missouri dodge city kansas longhorns fattened loaded railroad cars shipped chicago growing eastern cities millions immigrants arrivals europe increased demand beef rivers cattle led hardworking cowhands teenagers stopped stampedes nervous cattle rounded strays outwitted cattle rustlers slept stars ate meals chuck wagon chuck wagon kitchen cattle drive compass going sleep cook pointed wagon hitching pole north star morning showed cowhands map shows main cattle trails map scale figure distances suppose cowhand driving cattle san antonio texas sedalia missouri sedalia trail miles kilometers cattle drives covered miles kilometers
americans belong prehistoric period recorded history cultural groups prehistoric period developed system writing records lack records makes study early cultures difficult scientists study culture ancient peoples called archaeologists making educated guesses lives early groups archaeologists examine skeletons artifacts objects skeletons provide information age appearance early artifacts reveal kinds tools weapons archaeologists discover area prehistoric lived seal divide ground squares carefully reproduce square map digging begins hand tools screens diggers sift soil locate significant object workers smaller tools dental picks brushes mark map location stone tool bone chip skeletal piece found archaeologists clear picture site artifacts skeletons gathered scientists test age results analysis develop theories prehistoric lived site procedures archaeologists drawn conclusions americans decades archaeologists held arrived hemisphere ago period earth underwent periodic ice ages
england colonies established joint stock companies virginia massachusetts method colonization hold solution problem organizing managing settlements thousands miles england company profit minded investors provide money needed colony start crown authorized enterprise granting company charter government assured control colonial affairs reality things smoothly colony virginia thrived london company failed profit making venture company mismanaged business members fought read early colonists lacking necessities barely survived tobacco proved profitable crop james took matters hands revoked company charter colony personal control massachusetts posed problems england uncertain colony thrived making profit massachusetts bay company acted independence english government felt colony believing authority directly god leaders massachusetts ruled church regard king ministers crown turn found nearly impossible impose settlement dissenters miles lessons virginia massachusetts english government began need systematic approach colonization effort coordinate settlement colonies establish uniform standards crown created form colonial organization proprietary colony
fur trade lucrative french proved disastrous native american hunters northeast tribes competed fiercely control rich hunting grounds role french trade peoples forced lands inhabited centuries iroquois instance drove algonquins hunting grounds forcing eastward atlantic coast displaced algonquins vented anger england villages settlements drawn alliances european powers native americans embroiled european efforts dominate north american continent frequently europeans manipulated existing rivalries native american groups advantage huron iroquois traditional rivals huron established friendly relations french served middlemen tribes french traders dutch eager share rich fur trade encouraged iroquois allies attack huron huron responded forcefully match numerous armed iroquois iroquois forced surviving hurons flee westward mississippi english replaced dutch present york profited warfare pitting iroquois indian nations friendly french struck blow french power north america native americans eventually drawn sides war broke french british france sparsely populated french settlers encroach heavily indian lands
french revolution took brutal turn king louis xvi beheaded guillotine french nobles revolutionaries replaced catholicism worship called supreme rejection christianity outraged pious americans shocked violence bloodshed early admiration turned bitter opposition alexander hamilton person abhorred course french revolution opinion attacking upper classes revolutionaries eliminating mainstays society hamilton feared united states supported french revolution risk war britain development mean economic disaster percent nation revenue customs duties percent imports britain war britain virtually wipe major source income americans disturbed turn events france believed liberty demanded sacrifice thomas jefferson ambassador france appointment secretary americans jefferson deplored violence sympathized idealistic goals revolution french revolutionaries jefferson ideas declaration rights hamilton jefferson tried convince president washington opposite sides war france britain washington decided moderate course action april issued proclamation neutrality
president madison neared end term took care republicans nominated james monroe secretary fellow virginian succeed despite objections republican representatives grumbling virginia dynasty controlling presidency monroe received nomination federalist party weak breaking easily defeated opponent rufus king york monroe inaugurated nation united optimistic presidential goodwill tour took monroe federalist stronghold england demonstrated change american mood citizens boston warmly received newspaper columbian sentinel referring political foes greeted called times era feelings feelings prevail country later president monroe ran reelection opposed electoral vote cast monroe reelection marked end federalist party federalists decline lost remaining support american victory war era feelings scattered supporters remained country united party republican party president james monroe symbol nation political unity sixty took office monroe president revolutionary war generation sure andrew jackson john quincy adams born children war
spain northernmost spanish province americas extended north present montana east mississippi river spain paid attention lands north east gila river rio grande part small settlements established order prevent european nations claiming territory close spanish lands mid eighteenth century spanish authorities took renewed interest northern part spain learned russian seal hunters traders moving south alaska california spanish expedition don gaspar de portola reassert spanish authority upper california area north california peninsula portola marched san diego built stockade continued north monterey november exploring area discovered san francisco bay ships passed entrance bay sailors realizing opening inland harbor group franciscan friars led father junipero serra accompanied portola expedition intended establish missions convert california indians christianity san diego northward chain missions set california coast prospered forming backbone spanish government attempt settle california english colonies declared independence britain mision dolores founded san francisco stands missions claimed virtually land california
war dragged longer side expected north superior resources began difference battlefield union naval blockade squeezed tighter south likelihood southern victory remote confederacy fought battle antietam general lee forces retreated shenandoah valley general mcclellan failed pursue attack encamped requests supplies november president lincoln removed mcclellan command replaced general ambrose burnside burnside supposed move richmond fredericksburg virginia december ordered frontal assaults open ground fredericksburg confederates lee pushed withering fire spring effective combination lee jackson outwitted union general joseph hooker chancellorsville virginia hooker tried outflank confederates lee jackson routed union forces ten minutes confederates won battle suffered severe loss edgy confederate sentry fired night hitting stonewall jackson arm confederacy ablest generals died resulting blood clot victories fredericksburg chancellorsville inspired confederacy union showed sign giving general lee president davis hoped confederate move north break union resolve lee led army pennsylvania battle turning point war
discovery mineral riches brought thousands west towns sprang area rumors gold silver strikes spread gold silver found quickly left leaving ghost town empty buildings towns built anticipation big strike gold discovered denver founded south platte river ounces gold found colorado streams farsighted planners bought town space begun laying streets erecting cabins rich deposits found denver prospered lending library newspapers theater schoolteacher barber encouraged miners beards mowed miners enterprising women profited strikes dollars woman open boardinghouse western boom town tidy fortune cooking baking jobs bring rich rewards ambitious baker reported baked sold worth pies frequently rapid growth towns led disorder lawlessness makeshift governments tried establish order miners organized vigilante committees appointed enforcers law singling worst desperadoes outlaws vigilante groups gave speedy trials frequently lynched informal methods government gradually gave formal arrangements colorado dakota nevada organized territories idaho arizona montana
american federation labor afl founded president london born cigarmaker named samuel gompers gompers believed knights labor tried include unskilled workers unions membership afl restricted skilled workers special training unskilled workers blacks women allowed join recent immigrants asia excluded afl unions workers join american federation labor directly individuals joined local craft union union persons practicing occupation local union affiliated organizations national levels afl federation governing national unions union independent treasury general afl policies afl goals specific realistic organization consist idealists insisted afl leader going fighting objects objects realized afl favored hour worked collective bargaining unions represent workers group unlike knights labor afl regarded strikes acceptable tactic unlike anarchists radicals afl rejected schemes reorganize society moderate philosophy attracted growing number workers members afl grew members reached million company owners managers hostile unions
candidate wilson favor break large trusts president embarked moderate course support pieces legislation sought control monopolies federal trade commission act passed provided creation federal trade commission ftc purpose ftc preserve competition preventing firm destroying unfair business practices commission investigate complaints unfair practices misleading advertising commission found complaint justified cease desist order issued order bar firm continuing misleading advertising clayton antitrust act passed designed strengthen sherman antitrust act page law prohibited pricing policies destroy competition outlawed purchase stock competing firms interlocking directorates illegal interlocking directorate practice allowing individuals serve boards directors firms industry practice create monopolies clayton antitrust act unlike sherman antitrust act stated labor unions prosecuted antitrust laws recognized workers strike picket samuel gompers president american federation labor considered act major victory workers beginning administration wilson hesitant foster social legislation main interest economic fairness
domestic opposition wilson plans peace political roots republicans want democrats peace win votes upcoming election americans questioned united states join organization called fourteenth point avoiding involvement european affairs standing american tradition felt german threat united states return tradition president actions contributed growing opposition peace plan president wilson tried increase popular support home version peace making congressional elections referendum policies effort backfired republicans gained control houses congress republican leaders insisted election results repudiated wilson foreign policy president lost support hostile congress named members negotiating team paris appointees able experienced diplomatic affairs included influential republicans republicans congress looked treaty democratic open partisan attack wilson stirred opposition decided lead delegation paris president traveled abroad diplomatic mission americans felt president stay home help nation deal problems readjusting peace difficulty arose countries conference demanded negotiations secret
factors contributed onset wide ranging economic depression sharp imbalance supply demand free enterprise system operate effectively supply products equal demand products demand begun fall late american industry mastered mass production techniques supplying growing number products demand growing rapidly supply read earlier chapter workers wages prices workers afford buy goods produced continued weakness agriculture meant farm families afford buy products items produced abundance durable goods durable goods products designed replaced automobiles refrigerators stoves tractors owned goods wanted afford buy credit demand goods decreased business inventories lists unsold goods hand crept upward response factories cut production laid workers person laid represented family unable buy durable goods job layoffs cut consumer demand frailty banking system contributed economic collapse despite federal reserve system page individual banks unable survive economic slowdown banks loaned large amounts money speculators
americans move pushed farther farther west earliest english settlements east coast continent pioneers searched fertile farm land sought adventure settled land east mississippi river half nineteenth century prospectors opened west ranchers farmers moved plains end increasing number americans moving rapidly growing cities northeast midwest movement continued half united states begun rural nation urban moving cities began moving cities suburbs advent inexpensive automobile sparked growth suburban areas easily commute jobs city houses war ii suburbs mushroomed population suburbs increased percent population cities grew percent americans lived suburbs cities rural areas late moving metropolitan areas suburbs continued grow smaller proportion population lived small towns rural areas increasingly attractive americans population cities especially northeast midwest continued decline
rapid industrialization civil war contributed status united states country major producer iron steel expanded markets overseas united states exports rose million billion exports manufactured goods american involvement politics increased end president mckinley successors worked protect american interests latin america asia europe united states acquired overseas empire annexing hawaii assuming control spanish colonies spanish american war united states reluctantly entered war europe attempts remain neutral failed war americans sought return peace meant isolation events aggression germany japan convinced national leaders aid china britain united states entered war ii japanese attack pearl harbor emerged war powerful nation economically militarily war ii american leaders primarily concerned growing power soviet union vast amounts aid western europe japan help rebuild economies eventually extended aid nations alliances nato aimed soviet power americans realize economic political balance increasingly complex
electors meet respective states vote ballot president vice president inhabitant ballots person voted president distinct ballots person voted vice president distinct lists persons voted president persons voted vice president number votes lists sign certify transmit sealed seat government united states directed president senate president senate presence senate house representatives open certificates votes counted person greatest number votes president president number majority number electors appointed person majority persons highest numbers exceeding list voted president house representatives choose immediately ballot president choosing president votes states representation vote quorum purpose consist member members thirds states majority states choice house representatives choose president choice devolve fourth march vice president act president case death constitutional disability president
sunny summer afternoon sun bright ball light sky ball light bright look directly believe sun star stars look small clear night sun star stars universe sun huge ball burning gases sun center solar system closer star sun stars part huge star system galaxy called milky milky billions separate galaxies scattered nearly empty space universe separate galaxies billions stars heavenly bodies earth solar system main planets chart balls fairly solid material revolve sun solar system includes thousands small planets called asteroids main planets including earth moons recent begun explore neighbors solar system soviet union united states unmanned spacecraft find mars venus july united states astronauts neil armstrong edwin aldrin jr set foot moon
helicopter heads westward youngstown fly ohio land gradually flatter guide tells central lowland map pages large section covers fourths midwest extends westward plains states learn central lowland farmland united states fields corn hay crops farmers central lowland raise large numbers cattle hogs guide tells large cities located central lowland cleveland detroit chicago minneapolis st louis oklahoma city look helicopter notice land crossed highways railroad tracks central lowland level easy build roads railroads transportation routes helped farming industry grow midwest land looks checkerboard marked neat squares green tan squares fields corn oats crops guide tells flying corn belt huge area fertile farmland stretches heart midwest plains map page learn food produced corn belt area size
flying western part south dakota land dry growing crops travel miles seeing towns cultivated fields plains covered short brown grass herds cattle grazing guide tells cattle ranches plains large reason acres grassland needed provide food herd cattle fly lonely ranch house tall windmill pump water livestock continue westward fly badlands south dakota guide tells millions ago area high level plain rainfall light heavy rainstorms washed deep gullies dry bare earth passed rainwater carried soil rock forming jagged peaks fly badlands strangely beautiful layers rock peaks tinted color rainbow learn badlands ago indians today badlands area looks badlands north dakota nebraska states western border south dakota group mountains rising plains distance mountains black
half immigrants midwest plains germany farmers settled cities worked factories stores offices today notice german influence cities milwaukee st louis cincinnati countries northern europe midwest plains half dutch immigrants settled michigan iowa states scandinavian countries norway sweden denmark settled mainly wisconsin minnesota dakotas farmers helped harvest timber northern forests earned living fishing lakes millions america eastern southern europe poland italy hungary greece russia jews arrived farmland midwest newcomers farther west farm plains settled chicago cities worked steel mills worked factories helped midwest manufacturing region immigrants doctors lawyers teachers descendants live cities midwest today tenth midwest plains african descent
country united states fifty states government nation government governments number differences alike important ways instance group laws learn governments let visit capital single midwest indianapolis indiana main offices indiana government city start visit indianapolis going capitol huge stone building gold colored dome center city capitol meet woman guide tells indiana indiana approved plan government plan called constitution told indiana government supposed run indiana approved constitution plan government today number constitution called amendments guide tells country constitution constitutions ways alike tell government run
past kinds segregation allowed country states laws black parks playgrounds beaches white blacks sit whites trains buses communities discriminated indians hispanics asian americans instance hispanics parks playgrounds citizens country restaurants serve blacks asian americans hotels admit jews guests fight end discrimination country began women began demand rights wrote books speeches call attention views passed accomplished goals states passed laws gave women legal rights country approved nineteenth amendment constitution amendment gave women vote elections half members minority groups equal rights change began place black country began demand rights citizens minority groups indians hispanics began demand equal rights start civil rights movement read civil rights movement page pictorial story country civil rights movement helped bring important feelings
midwest plains large deposits limestone map page kind rock varies color white dark gray brown huge open pits called quarries limestone main raw material making cement ground smaller amount shale clay mixture heated large oven forms lumps called clinkers clinkers cooled ground powder powder cement texas michigan missouri important cement producing states limestone needed making iron steel purpose pure michigan produces large amounts limestone iron steel industry limestone cut large blocks blocks build walls buildings indiana leads nation producing kind limestone crushed limestone widely building roads railroads produced parts midwest plains half salt produced country comes texas ohio michigan salt dug mines deep earth rest obtained drilling wells fresh water pumped wells salt deposits salt dissolves water rises surface salt produced midwest plains making chemicals salt seasoning food
southeastern michigan greatest manufacturing plants united states dozens buildings spreads land small town fly plant helicopter look large factories tall smokestacks blast furnaces tall ten story buildings raw materials unloaded large boats company docks notice miles roads railroad tracks connecting parts plant buildings docks roads part huge river rouge plant ford motor company dearborn michigan learn plant guided tour tour begins company main office building building miles plant board bus welcomed guide guide tells ford motor company large manufacturing company plants offices parts founded early henry ford pioneer automobile industry ford automobiles small workshop group business lent ford money needed build factory henry ford person produce automobile large numbers afford buy order ford manufacturing called mass production
leading industry midwest plains manufacture machinery factories produce half total machinery country hundreds factories midwest plains industrial construction machinery plants ohio michigan midwestern states nearly thirds nation machine tools machines cut grind shape metal parts needed manufacture machines factories part country manufacture industrial machinery refrigeration equipment printing presses chicago industrial area leading producer construction equipment bulldozers concrete mixers texas oklahoma important oil producing states plants oil field equipment factories illinois iowa wisconsin michigan nation farm machinery farmers midwest plains need machines planting cultivating harvesting crops plants midwest plains produce kinds machinery factories manufacture appliances refrigerators air conditioners electronic equipment computers television sets chicago dallas cities manufacture transportation equipment main industry midwest plains transportation equipment part country industry includes production airplanes railroad equipment cars trucks buses michigan ranks country production cars motor vehicles
living united states thousands americans brown skin dark eyes straight black hair divided groups tribes tribes called names meant simply today early america known indians native americans indians north america asia knows indians north america scientists believe continent asia main reasons think indians look asia asia north america close north separated narrow strip water called bering strait compare map map alaska page ago oceans deep today bridge land connected asia north america travel continent land bridge scientists believe began coming north america ago possibly ago hunting wild animals food trying enemies passed indians settled parts north south america map
france claimed huge amount land north america france visited north america sailed atlantic coast traveled st lawrence river canada map pages later french explorers journeys lakes mississippi river claimed huge amount land france left hand map page shows french territory north america france north america live traders bought valuable furs indians exchange goods cloth knives beads furs europe sold high prices french america soldiers missionaries fishers farmers dutch swedish settled atlantic coast european countries started settlements north america countries holland sweden dutch settlements hudson river york map swedish settled delaware river settlements small weak country england english decide start settlements america english slow settle lands claimed explorer england visit america john cabot sailed westward atlantic ocean search water route indies
france britain war british colonies growing larger france britain began quarrel countries claimed area lay appalachian mountains mississippi river compare left hand map page map pages helped bring french indian war began french winning war army leaders helped indian tribes twenty times british colonies french colonies britain stronger navy france result british send troops supplies america fighting british defeated french treaty peace signed treaty france lost huge empire north america hand map page britain ruled nearly land eastern part continent american colonists unhappy british rule quarrel arose britain colonies french indian war american colonists began grow unhappy british rule reason colonists free carry business pleased britain allow colonists sell goods directly foreign countries france holland goods england
united states manufacturing nation civil war helped industry grow civil war industry grew rapidly united states american soldiers needed large amounts things clothing food weapons help meet needs factories started older factories goods war industry grew faster united states customers goods factories railroads ship goods quickly cheaply place factories sell goods parts country inventors discovered ways making goods reason industry grew rapidly found ways country rich natural resources large deposits coal iron ore united states coal iron ore making steel steel metal slow costly produce found large amounts steel rapidly cheaply soon steel plants built united states steel factories making kinds goods discovering ways natural resources produce heat light power resources dark oily liquid ground places
united states involved problems americans began interest countries americans paid attention happening parts wide oceans separated america europe asia africa transportation communication slow americans interested developing resources huge country passed important change began place united states richest strongest countries carrying trade nations americans felt united states play important part chance united states war spain spain ruled island cuba west indies american soldiers cuba help island win independence spain months fighting americans defeated spanish spain give cuba freedom united states owner spanish possessions island puerto rico west indies philippine islands coast asia united states took hawaiian islands united states entered war europe terrible war broke groups countries europe side central powers included germany austria hungary
equal rights freedoms important change took place treated unfairly began demand equal rights held marches public meetings call attention wanted soon joined americans supported fight freedom known civil rights movement passed civil rights movement began reach goals federal governments passed laws protect rights minority groups today law treat person unfairly person belongs group women minority groups enjoy rights history today meet needs today americans find hard meet needs millions find steady jobs health poor education skills needed paying job simply jobs need lack steady jobs money afford buy proper kinds food clothing shelter live run areas called slums ill afford medical care illnesses holding full jobs business government helping things help americans trouble meeting needs
scattered vast nearly empty space universe billions stars huge whirling balls burning gases times larger sun star look stars night sky smaller sun distance stars space count stars divided huge groups called galaxies sun galaxy called milky billion stars scientists believe billions galaxies universe lights night sky stars balls fairly solid material earth called planets give light stars reflect light sun earth live main planets travel sun planets differ greatly size planets larger earth smaller planets differ distance sun planets moons smaller planets called asteroids sun family planets smaller bodies called solar system chart surface planet earth partly water partly land
trip lowlands atlantic coast northeast learn northeast lowland areas lowlands lie rivers cut inland highland areas lie lake ontario lake erie lake champlain sun rising board helicopter cutler small fishing village eastern maine map helicopter rises high air blue green waters atlantic ocean trip southward fly coastal lowlands maine hampshire massachusetts rhode island connecticut england live coastal lowlands fly southwest coast maine notice hundreds bays inlets sheltered inlets small fishing villages fishers wave boats heading sea guide tells earn living catching lobster looking inland coast notice large forests evergreen trees cover land neat white farmhouses surrounded green pastures fields crops fly farther coast towns villages soon large seaport comes view portland largest city maine sixty thousand live flying northeastern massachusetts winding merrimack river
east adirondack mountains highlands england highlands adirondacks covered glaciers thousands ago glaciers moved mountains valleys scraped soil places glaciers melted left large amounts stones gravel result soil england thin stony difficult raise crops area begin trip highlands england flying eastward lake champlain soon gently rounded green mountains vermont green mountains owe forests evergreen trees cover slopes notice resort hotels adirondacks tourists cool mountains summer months escape heat cities vacationers winter ski enjoy sports flying white mountains hampshire mountains rise higher seen trip guide tells peaks mt washington rises nearly feet sea level highest point northeast soon cross border hampshire maine fly northeastward forested mountains hills forests cover fifths land maine
today cities northeast longer growing population fact central cities smaller populations today twenty ago main reasons moved parts country job opportunities left central cities moved suburbs reason moved suburbs communities crowded suburbs streets busy traffic open land build houses larger lawns room children play moved suburbs places cities crowded open land large factories built factories built crowded areas cities suburbs grew moved cities factories worked flying northward coast jersey soon tall buildings city york wide harbor miles docks line waterfront harbor kinds ships city located islands land covered tall buildings factories homes york located southeastern part york mouth hudson river
chapter discovered nation capital city northeast city washington main offices national government located let trip washington find government works washington hire guide show city guide tells things begin tour reminds country founded hundred ago thirteen colonies atlantic coast north america pages pictorial story country thirteen colonies belonged country britain colonies wanted freedom british government give war broke colonies britain known revolutionary war lasted ended colonists won freedom british rule formed nation called united states america government nation weak laws sure laws carried americans felt stronger government needed country leaders met city philadelphia drew plan government united states constitution constitution important set laws united states tells government supposed run
washington irving lived york early wrote liked books american group stories called sketch book book includes legend sleepy hollow rip van winkle james fenimore cooper writer early cooper wrote novels frontier nathaniel hawthorne wrote mid england known writers wrote novels including house gables short stories herman melville wrote number books moby dick greatest american novels edgar allan poe wrote short stories poetry stories fall house usher spooky scary author mid louisa alcott wrote women stories young stephen crane henry james lived northeast red badge courage crane fear courage soldiers civil war james wrote novels americans europe describing lives wealthy america loved poets lived northeast william cullen bryant important poet newspaper writer read poem waterfowl john greenleaf whittier wrote snow bound known poems henry wadsworth longfellow poems include village blacksmith paul revere ride
ago knew ways getting energy needed thousands depended largely muscles lifted carried pushed pulled heavy objects hunted wild animals simple weapons weapons stone wood bones built fires wood warm cook food thousands ago began animals help rode backs horses camels donkeys oxen pull plows wagons hitched animals simple machines machines ground grain jobs passed sources energy discovered wind water began build sailboats boats depended wind move place place later windmills invented tasks grinding grain pumping water ground built gristmills banks rivers flowing water turned large wooden wheel provided energy run machinery grinding grain steam engine developed britain steam engine works coal fuel burned heat water large tank water turns steam expands means takes space power expanding steam run machinery steam engine soon run kinds factory machines
fossil fuel plenty today coal experts believe coal united states meet energy needs hundred coal fuel leads problems problem removing coal earth main ways mining coal dig tunnels deep ground costly dangerous dig giant holes earth power shovels safer costly underground mining damage land coal disadvantages general large amounts smoke burns reason major air pollution coal run cars trucks coal chief energy fuel problems solved scientists looking change coal form hope kind fuel burn causing air pollution power rushing water electricity waterpower air pollution burning fuel won run waterpower rivers flow waterpower building large dams power plants costly built places water flow higher level lower level
metal produced northeast making transportation equipment factories connecticut maryland states airplanes airplane parts automobile plants jersey delaware factories pennsylvania york jersey railroad cars shipbuilding carried northeast colonial days today large shipyards boston york philadelphia baltimore build kinds ships tugboats huge naval passenger ships nuclear submarines helicopters connecticut factories northeast products metal steel sections building bridges pennsylvania northeastern factories nails locks hardware connecticut noted products copper brass factories ball roller bearings industry northeast refineries gasoline fuel oil products petroleum plants workers goods important huge refineries atlantic coast philadelphia cities petroleum shipped states countries small refineries oil fields western pennsylvania york chemical industry important manufacturing industry northeast plants basic chemicals ammonia sulfuric acid chlorine basic chemicals making products include plastics synthetic fibers soap medicines paint fertilizer chemical plants northeast built sources raw materials power
look sky clear night hundreds stars shining deep blackness space stars part huge star system galaxy called milky milky billions separate galaxies scattered vast nearly empty space universe galaxies billions stars heavenly bodies painting left shows milky spiral shape pinwheel arm pinwheel star sun earth heavenly bodies solar system sun stars universe huge whirling ball burning gases parts solar system balls fairly solid material revolve sun include main planets main planets earth moons solar system thousands small planets called asteroids circle sun mars jupiter main planets size distance sun takes sun earth makes trip sun moon circles earth month pictures sunlit earth space show curving surface planet partly hidden layer white clouds
appalachian highlands region country stretches central georgia alabama northeast canada compare maps pages region mountains plateaus valleys land higher rugged land coastal plain region south appalachian highlands region divided sections piedmont plateau blue ridge appalachian ridges valleys appalachian plateau piedmont plateau section appalachian highlands lies south broad rolling plateau means foot mountain piedmont rises gently upward east west places piedmont miles km wide map page piedmont plateau south farmland fields cotton soybeans crops cover land order harvests piedmont farmers date ways farming contour plowing add fertilizer soil page earlier times farmers south land fertile grow large crops parts piedmont plateau topsoil worn washed areas happened land longer growing crops forests orchards pastures cover areas swift rivers cross piedmont flow atlantic ocean gulf mexico
imagine visiting city miami beach florida february notice air warm sun bright meet dressed light summer clothing park nearby colorful flowers bloom palm trees growing park weather cold stop drugstore buy newspaper front page read storm sweeping northern part united states snow falling days temperature glad miami beach enjoying warm sunshine order learn climate south turn map left hand side page map shows average temperatures north america month january notice northern part united states average temperature january realize winters cold remember temperature water freezes nearly south average temperature january freezing places south receive snow high mountains main reason winters mild south southern part country nearer equator northern part
location orleans mouth mississippi river helped leading port city country ports orleans york amount freight handled docks port orleans stretch miles sides river oceangoing ships carry passengers freight orleans ports boats travel orleans port cities mississippi river branches industry grown rapidly orleans minerals found nearby petroleum natural gas sulfur salt processed city refineries chemical plants natural gas electricity needed factories crops louisiana farms sugarcane cotton rice factories orleans processing kinds manufactured goods minerals farm products shipped orleans states countries millions visitors orleans city french quarter picture left oldest part orleans settled french early narrow streets small shops buildings trimmed lacy iron grillwork orleans mardi gras known festival lasts weeks lent halfway florida peninsula large arm gulf mexico cuts west coast
today believe democracy making laws carrying wisely democracy citizens country agree important ideas beliefs ideas listed box let examine ideas closely important democracy americans believe person important matter tall short blue eyed brown eyed young woman important person important rich poor skin black white color important matter religion follow country grandparents reasons believing person important place exactly needs needs americans follow religions teach equal god problems solved person thinks believe person important likely treat treated careful harm order meet needs forgot bring lunch school lunch
country writers painters architects musicians lived south works artists let thoughts feelings learn works southern artists gain understanding area history discover values important south south fine examples architecture early days country southern planters built beautiful georgian style homes style architecture england revolutionary war greek roman styles architecture liked united states president thomas jefferson borrowed ideas roman style designing home monticello picture jefferson designed capitol richmond buildings university virginia wealthy cotton planters mississippi alabama georgia built homes style known greek revival homes known large white columns story porches porches protected rooms sun allowed space outdoor living homes seen natchez mississippi banks mississippi river parts louisiana houses beautiful wrought iron balconies gates show influence early french settlers american painters homes south known george caleb bingham born virginia country leading painters known paintings subjects american history
huge deposits salt sulfur louisiana put salt food give flavor salt raw material industries instance chemical companies salt making hundreds products sulfur mined louisiana combined chemicals sulfuric acid florida nation leading producer phosphate rock smaller amounts mineral mined tennessee north carolina phosphate rock fertilizer kinds stone dug quarries south tennessee georgia alabama produce marble mainly building stone finest marble monuments statues georgia produces granite country granite build bridges large buildings strong states south limestone quarries limestone building stone cut easily split making cement producing iron steel feature page kinds clay found south georgia south carolina leading producers kaolin called china clay kaolin making paper filler rubber products kaolin fine china pottery clays making bricks found south
imagine taking trip horseback boston massachusetts savannah georgia northeastern part country cities towns close ride cities notice clouds gray smoke pouring chimneys factories farther south virginia carolinas large fields cotton tobacco ride miles cities cities factories afterward south mainly farming region southern planters earning lot money cotton tobacco interested manufacturing south money building factories cotton grown south sold textile mills europe northern part united states areas south bought manufactured goods civil war factories set south weapons uniforms things confederate army end war factories destroyed end business found reasons building factories south southern states rich raw materials cotton tobacco iron ore coal timber rivers piedmont plateau provide waterpower workers found factory jobs taxes low soon factories built south
south produces large amounts chemicals chemical products rich raw materials chemical industry coal sulfur salt phosphate rock petroleum natural gas provide raw materials chemical plants chemicals plants called petrochemicals factories petrochemicals manufacture chemical products synthetic rubber plastics factories need large amounts fresh water mississippi river river water serves transportation route chemical plants south produce large amounts fertilizer plants florida states fertilizer phosphate rock states chemical plants nitrogen fertilizers ammonia newer ways making fertilizer tried tva fertilizer testing plant muscle shoals northern alabama factories south chemical products plants tennessee north carolina produce chemicals plastics synthetic materials synthetic fibers manufactured south rayon nylon orlon dacron sulfur mined louisiana sulfuric acid large amounts sulfuric acid tennessee pyrites page sulfuric acid making products paper glass steel paint fertilizer camera film huge pine hardwood forests parts south timber cut forests helped southern states leaders manufacture paper lumber wood products
trip airplane remember excitement felt plane left airport runway began climbing high air flying miles earth surface cities farms forests window looked wide area clear able miles km earth large height small part surface ago able small part earth late united states soviet union began send kinds spacecraft earth spacecraft carried persons called astronauts carried cameras scientific equipment spacecraft launched traveled earth journeyed moon planets mars venus spacecraft thousands miles space view earth picture page shows view earth space picture united states spacecraft known ats iii picture spacecraft miles km earth
imagine received letter cousin lives country cousin seen american movies took place west wants part united states answer cousin letter begin telling cousin west group eleven states western part country tell important facts west maps book help understand facts explain cousin map page shows live parts united states dot map stands ten thousand places pacific ocean thick clumps dots parts west dots map shows live west chapter discover reasons west crowded small areas looking map page rain falls parts country notice small part west receives inches cm rainfall farm crops need amount rainfall order grow tell map west dry
plateau country pacific ocean land region west map page shows region mountain chains extending north south mountain chains separated valleys chain mountains east parts north cascade range south sierra nevada peaks mountains high steep sided cascade range extends washington oregon northern california high cone shaped peaks tower mountains area formed thousands ago ash lava pouring volcanoes volcanoes cascade range erupted series eruptions mount st helens peak western washington eruptions tore top mountain spread layer ash hundreds miles sixty killed highest peaks cascade range blanketed glistening snow ice places lower mountain slopes covered thick forests farms towns rugged mountain area low passageway cascade range valley columbia river sierra nevada spanish words meaning snowy range mountain range miles km formed millions ago movements deep earth caused huge block stone tilt upward sky
west live cities large towns large cities pacific coast map page western states montana wyoming cities recent metropolitan areas west growing rapidly population today metropolitan areas twenty ago largest city west los california york chicago los larger city united states spreads lowland southern part california north east los ranges rugged mountains pacific ocean lies west south los neighboring cities grown close difficult tell ends begins altogether seventy cities huge metropolitan area includes los largest cities los beach south east los metropolitan areas fly los beach metropolitan area large groups story houses schools shopping centers buildings low places groups tall office buildings hotels freeways pass los neighboring cities easier travel place huge metropolitan area
united states nation communities map pages shows country stretches nearly miles km maine california includes north alaska island hawaii huge country thousands communities large cities york chicago los millions small families home communities country places live communities able meet basic needs needs table contents instance jobs earn living chance education communities buildings streets clean friendly polite enjoy working playing feeling pride community strong communities share ideas beliefs beliefs page study beliefs carefully agree think beliefs important building strong community explain answers communities nation alike ways need rules laws live course laws carried
western painters george catlin paintings books indians give valuable information lives customs white cloud head chief iowas famous paintings greatest western painter frederic remington painted drew nearly pictures west soldiers indians cowboys shown remington paintings known works flight geronimo dash timber dismounted fourth troopers moving important artist west charles russell russell traveled west looking adventure freedom painted pictures sculptures sculptures called riders quit shows rider thrown bucking horse artists albert bierstadt thomas moran painted pictures west bierstadt traveled rocky mountains northern california paintings show beauty western mountains paintings rocky mountains yosemite valley moran known grand canyon yellowstone river georgia mark tobey recent painters lived worked west painted desert scenes painted pictures things bones flowers ways known paintings called cow skull calico roses tobey painted true pictures loggers sailors later pictures written plains painted abstract style
watching sun rise beautiful mountain lake idaho birds singing tall pine trees shore lake mound twigs branches built family beavers suddenly mother deer spotted fawn dart forest cooking breakfast campfire smiling woman green uniform comes talk forest ranger job care forest ranger tells forests traveled west west covered forests west dry trees grow large forests mountains rainfall heavier largest forests west cascade range coastal mountains washington oregon northern california trees grow mild wet climate area trees large evergreens spruce hemlock cedar douglas fir coast northern california southern oregon forests coast redwoods tallest trees dense forests grow western slopes sierra nevada california trees evergreens pines firs places groves giant sequoias huge trees larger trunks coast redwoods tall
paper mill visited thousands factories west factories paper mill products wood factories refine petroleum produce metals ores pages chapter factories west process farm products fruits vegetables meat factories airplanes clothing products industry growing west factories built factories west large cities los san francisco map parts west industry visit paper mill learned factory needs things money needed start factory operating factory raw materials machines change raw materials manufactured goods power needed run machines factory needs skilled workers railroads kinds transportation needed bring raw materials factories needed carry manufactured goods customers things found large industrial areas west chapter book tells raw materials produced west food products farms ranches parts west large forests supply factories wood pacific ocean kinds fish
states separated forty alaska hawaii alaska largest country northwestern part north america hawaii island pacific ocean lies miles km west california alaska divided regions map opposite page largest central plateau region low mountains broad valleys covers half alaska summer days central plateau hot winters bitterly cold north central plateau land slopes gradually downward coastal plain arctic ocean region arctic slope area covered ice snow months summers short cool south alaska central plateau pacific mountains region region includes high rugged mountain ranges mount mckinley map highest mountain north america mountain ranges coast lowland areas pacific mountains region milder winters rest alaska summers cool rainy pacific mountains region strip land called panhandle extends miles km southeastward main part alaska alaska largest small population live fifths white
watch moon night moon moon sky saw noticed moon seen places sky moon moving direction moon move likely seen moon stars night sky moon smaller stars moon looks larger stars moon closer earth moon moves earth object moves larger called satellite moon natural satellite earth moon follows path orbit earth moon moves orbit earth daysabout month earth moves orbit moves orbit sun earth moves sun days moves orbit earth moon turns slow spinning top moon takes days spin rotate earth spins moves orbit sun earth takes hours rotate earth hours moon moon takes amount complete orbit takes rotate
ago wondered moon wondered moon soil surface wondered plants animals lived moon wondered moon learned things moon scientists studied moon large telescopes spaceships pictures moon astronauts trained space travel visited moon things learned moon conditions moon earth scientists found air moon air moon wind scientists found water moon water moon clouds rain gravity force pulls things large objects strong moon moon kind air gravity strong hold air moon air space air trapped rocks inside moon gravity makes weigh gravity moon gravity earth weigh moon weigh earth reference books help find weigh moon telescopes look moon noticed dark patches thought patches looked large seas
water times water today living things need water animals water plants water nonliving things need water water nonliving things ways water body parts parts skin bones parts body things thing water liquid part blood water fact thirds body weight water happens body run play hot skin likely wet sweat sweat water body heat body helps evaporate water sweat means heat body water gas called water vapor water evaporates skin cooled cooling keeps body getting warm think important body cool body makes liquids water liquid mouth liquid called saliva eat food saliva wets food makes easy swallow food saliva helps change food eat water stomach helps change food food changed body
sing listen music music sounds things vibrate look picture page think music instruments musical instruments strings pluck strings stringed instrument sounds look picture guitar page strings think high sounds strings think low sounds change sound string blown toy horn top bottle likely sounds air vibrate blowing musical instruments sounds air blown called wind instruments wind instruments suppose empty bottles big blow top bottle bottle higher sound bottle air inside big bottle bottle think air vibrating faster musical instruments sounds hit instruments known percussion instruments percussion instruments look piano shown page
heat family comes fuel fuel burns easily fuel burns heat wood kind fuel coal oil natural gas fuels fuels heat house fuel cook food fuels burned help run machines kind fuel run cars trucks fuels fuels factories give heat needed steel cars heat window glass things heat fuel fires important heating things fires control happen fire control sure fires start home think things heat home toaster makes heat toast bread iron makes heat iron clothes think toasters irons heat toasters irons wires plug plugged outlet plugged electricity flows wires electricity heats toaster iron look picture happens things heat electricity sun heats surface earth
heat feel find heat watching heat heat travel thing heat travel place heat change things think warm sunny sunlight feel warm suppose walk shady place think feel warm sunlight things give heat feel heat things sun hot things heat air air moves carries heat help think kitchen heats oven heat oven warms air air warm takes space makes air lighter warm air rises cooler heavier air moves cool air soon warm rises heat oven carried parts room look drawing happens heat moves water put pan water stove pan hot heat moves pan water happens water hot move hot water rises colder heavier water moves pan
animals learn things ways maybe watched learn things seen animals learn animals learn watching animals animals hunt food young lions watch mothers hunt food ways catch animal older hunt learned watching mothers hunt animals learn watching animals learn trying things ways ant able find nest cleaned nest cleaning erase trail ant left try ways home try find nest animals learn squirrel opens nut hard opening nuts squirrel finds open nut opening nuts easy squirrel things animals learn animals food ways toads catch flies fly looks kind bee robber fly toad eats robber fly dinner tries eat bee stung toads stay bees
likely seen kinds plants kinds plants plants alike ways plants alike grow seeds plants grow seeds called seed plants kinds seed plants kind seed plant kind seed plants think seed plants kind seed looks seeds alike ways seeds parts part called seed coat seed coat outer cover seed seeds need covered parts seed found inside seed coat part plant part stored food grows plant need food seeds sizes seeds small thousand small seeds fit space size dime seeds coconut large head size seed big plant grow large trees grow seeds size head pin big seeds seen seed plants found places seeds travel plant grow places
seed plants important ways seed plants food seed plants things need seed plants important enjoy looking smelling ways seed plants important eat parts seed plants sunflower seeds corn kernels seeds eat carrots sweet potatoes roots seed plants celery white potatoes rhubarb stems plants lettuce cabbage spinach leaves cauliflower broccoli flowers seed plants foods fruits seed plants eat seeds fruit seed plant apples melons tomatoes squash fruits seed plants parts seed plants things foods bread flour flour seeds wheat plants peanut butter seeds peanut plants look things wood things wood kind seed plant think wood comes seed plants kinds medicine bark kind tree medicine takes fever dried leaves garden plant medicine kind heart disease things seed plants
valiant house lake sold taxes miss emmeline valiant live mrs took took thomas cat family portraits rest things sold maule bought house maule offered lump sum generous offer protestations sympathy respect sort codicil maule sorry rich offer miss emmeline replied financial standing relation goods case emotional financial hypocrisy wanted give check matter closed wrote check afterward lot grumbling ingratitude stiff pride paid attention village knew miss emmeline times past offered house fair price refused preferring buy cheap forced sale suspected influence forced sale course dared say maule retired active business rich influential
mrs bishop agreed stout rose floor lightly feather floated window ten minutes scream clamor shouting valiant garden miss emmeline started alarm mrs bishop window flushed sat emmeline proved point say delightful won won miss emmeline asked happened mrs bishop coming trouble steering apparatus realized depressed stick swooped ground unfortunately swooped wrong moment passed close maule maid serving coffee terrace scared fits don think recognized matter miss emmeline wouldn believe eyes mrs bishop sooner later emmeline certainly seventy flying country broomstick going talk sure don dear father don miss emmeline don care
emerged suddenly dense forest indian halted grimwood employer stood gazing beautiful wooded valley lay spread blaze golden sunset leaned rifles caught enchantment unexpected scene camp tooshalli abruptly careful survey tomorrow plan spoke excellent english note decision authority voice noticeable grimwood set natural excitement moment track days track headed straight remote hidden valley sport promised unusual replied tone giving order camp ready sat fallen hemlock tree moccasin boots grease feet ached arduous drawing close ordinary circumstances pushed hour averse night exhaustion bit rough going eye muscles longer steady doubtful shot straight kill mean miss canadian friend iredale half breed indian tooshalli grimwood set weeks ago find wonderful big moose indians reported traveling snow river country
inevitable course bound happen happen deserve grief going married sank thousand trailer monica going honeymoon tour united states going country going write going happy turtledoves ha ha ha detect bitterness laughter tell bitter mel melvin mason person haunted trailer haunted castle thing ordinary haunted house livable castle house ghost lock bedroom sleep nuisance yes couldn put trailer going re sharing trailer super de luxe model built bunks breakfast nook complete bathroom radio electric range easy chair ghost ha ha ha heard ghostly laughter week laughing trailer car pull naturally meet monica hollywood living aunt iowa
apparitions oozed coupe boiling inside drove hour toledo stopped wayside camp paid dollar picked spot parked entered trailer ghosts spike higgins slippery samuels bank robber shown finished dinner fact ate washed bed sign breathing prayer maybe higgins abandoned boing spirit fell asleep began dream monica woke sickly smell air heavy staleness tobacco smoke opened eyes luckily opened prepared worst wasn prepared spike higgins ha ha ha ha ha ha say lay opposite bunk eyes shut mouth open snoring ghost snore loud bunk lay bank robber companion easy chair slumped apparition short stout round whiskered face tramp spirit ghost stretched floor gaunt cadaverous small mournful spook bunk ectoplasmic hand swinging side face
going marry monica told bracer heard spike higgins slippery samuels buffalo benny pacific pete toledo ike heard em bright glow sick eyes ha say laid hands em re dead told re bracer meet dan bracer murmured hands clenched unconscious anticipation ha wait cemetery night anyway wait put touch railroad detective nodded grinned broadly tiger viewing prey eager lay eyes closed monica running gave gasp ha ha chuckled ha ha ha surprise going parties funeral held afternoon days later didn monica interim place known uncle wasn grieved lot details attended place spike higgins pals jump drive hollywood stars houses malibou beach santa monica laurel canyon studios rubberneck
ten clock evening smoking cigar drew beat passengers patrolling deck warm darkness matter brisbane minds disappointed pretty rough afford laugh affair ask sign statement occurs happens tonight try tomorrow ready entered stateroom robert steward stood farther passage watching usual grin dreadful happen captain closed door bolted supposing put portmanteau door suggested sit port screwed found left morning lever opened drew curtains upper berth captain advice lighted reading lantern shone white sheets insisted sitting portmanteau declaring wished able swear sat door
danny crouched stairs listening grownups talk living room wasn supposed supposed bed recovering chicken pox lonely bed able resist slipping wool pajamas hear dad mom sis uncle ben aunt anna talking dad dr norcross sick playing bridge sis high school studying latin hard couldn part conversation talking locustville small town knew talk anyway locustville mom sigh pretty town river trees woods tom practice shake show petty malicious miserable nettie peters dad tone dry danny knew miss peters hurrying neighbor talk whisper whisper whisper saying nasty things source gossip town woman tongue hinged middle wagged ends uncle ben laughed
miss wilson looked sewing sound galloping hooves street tiny shop small swift figure race wonder caught sight big mirror customers trying dresses alice wilson called thirty small plain church mouse wasn miss wilson stared open mouthed reflection wasn mouse longer yes pretty length dress goods forgotten hand needle suspended mid air alice wilson stared woman glass small woman smiling pink white face stray lock golden hair fallen piled mass curls top head curls gave soft shining light woman mirror soft warm red lips blue eyes sky clearness depth alice wilson stared smiled sheer delight image smiled wonderingly alice touched face fingers happened kind trick eyes playing clatter hurrying footsteps jump netty peters sharp face alight excitement head thrust forward skinny neck running chicken ran
recipe loss weight ah pyecraft absolutely sure think advice leave ancestors side gather jolly queer lot let try pyecraft leaned chair imagination mighty effort fell flat heaven pyecraft asked think look thin impervious reason promise say word disgusting fatness happened handed piece skin nasty stuff matter took goggled discovered wasn english ability translation didn speak fortnight approached frowned motioned respected compact end fortnight fat word speak fair wrong re grandmother justice recipe produced gingerly pocket book ran eye items
jacqueline canary contended couple lovebirds covered cage canary fuss liked think crusty henchard keeping lovebirds completely inappropriate roomer cage window shielded jealously prying eyes noises simple figure cretonne cloth shufflings rustlings occasional faint inexplicable pops tiny thump hidden cage shake redwood pedestal stand henchard known curious jackie remarked birds nice claptrap leave cage ya hear mad re snoopers brushoff coldly refused look shrouded cretonne shape didn want lose henchard roomers surprisingly hard house coast highway town couple dozen homes grocery liquor store post office terry restaurant morning jackie hopped bus rode factory hour home pretty tired couldn household help war jobs paid lot pitched cleaned
shade windows door twitched hastily looked don wasn quick shade fell place movement rang bell till tired stopped cage henchard comes going ask pixies lease lease jackie countered examined house bird cage sound movement smoke coming chimney break cage house breaking visions green wings flourishing night stick arresting burglary pixies cops sort crimes put cover cage vague noises emerged scrape thump rustle rustle rustle pop unbirdlike trilling broke short jackie let quick bed dreamed horde green guys cop uniforms dancing bilious rainbow singing gaily alarm clock woke showered shaved dressed thinking thing jackie thinking put coats met eyes yes golly eddie suppose leaving
keola beach shining sand coral strewn singular shells thought heart beach gather shells front line palms sky palms islands tall fresh beautiful hanging withered fans gold green thought heart strange found grove warm sleep thought warm grown suddenly winter hawaii chill thought gray mountains high cliff hanging forest wheeling birds considered conceive quarter islands fallen border grove met beach herb growing tree farther keola tree aware young woman body belt leaves thought keola dress part country paused supposing observe escape seeing looked stood hummed aloud leaped sound face ashen looked mouth gaped terror soul
turned walking strides keola sank trough longer heaved crest striding dwindling held lamp high head waves broke white islands fished sea terrified keola swam swam puppies swim cast drown knew wherefore think hugeness swelling warlock face mountain shoulders broad isle seas beat vain thought concertina shame took hold dead bones fear shook sudden aware dark stars tossed light brightness cloven sea heard speech cried aloud voice answered twinkling bows ship hung wave thing balanced swooped caught hands chains moment buried rushing seas hauled board seamen gave biscuits dry clothes asked found light seen lighthouse lae ka laau
seen child wooden sword fights leaping hewing empty air eaters huddled heaved axes laid screamed laid behold contend keola saw axe swinging hands tribe fall clove twain burst asunder soul sped howling keola looked dreams fear took midst sharp death behold doings flash high chief clan espied standing pointed called thereat tribe saw eyes flashed teeth clashed thought keola ran farther wood beach caring keola voice close empty sand lehua cried gasped looked vain saw pass voice answered hear quick leaves herbs let flee mat asked side felt arms quick leaves herbs father
clear night look sky thousands stars stars galaxy telescope able millions light travel directions stars call collection stars universe universe home exists stars scattered universe grains sand beach grouped huge collections called galaxies objects look individual stars naked eye billions stars galaxy galaxies called milky clear night part running sky bright streak spilled milk individual stars milky visible galaxy live sun actually small star edge milky sun small star compared earth larger easily imagined instance diameter earth kilometers miles diameter sun kilometers miles realize sun star sun looks stars looks closer earth
chapters unit diverse physical systems earth places exactly climate landforms soil vegetation differences small subtle frost prone hollows cold air collects night late spring early autumn mild variation temperature conditions differences tropical arctic conditions show similar variations seldom appearance behavior places differences interact environments change adapt change environment building cities damming rivers times resources adjust existing conditions living things depend survival developing biological adaptations environments change forms structures survival process adaptation takes millions giraffe developed neck eat leaves tall trees animals compete giraffe food supply humans show kind biological adaptation summer tans dark skin color tropical protect skin damage caused exposure sun rays ago asian developed fold skin eyes protect sinuses severe cold
western europe series peninsulas islands separated broad arms sea peninsulas islands extensions western edge eurasian land mass map pages irregular topography advantages development trade part western europe kilometers miles sea baltic sea north sea english channel bay biscay mediterranean sea western europe thousands kilometers seacoast coastline indented hundreds excellent natural harbors addition harbors located mouths navigable rivers clyde thames britain seine france rhine elbe germany rivers form inland waterways western european countries switzerland luxembourg austria liechtenstein landlocked switzerland major port basel rhine river luxembourg short distance north sea western european nations ruled oceans centuries late middle ages italy center european trade portugal spain leading traders place england france netherlands scandinavia trade north america important north atlantic highway commerce mediterranean trade began decline opening suez canal traders western europe mediterranean sea routes trade east canal
culture history greece important countries europe ago greeks developed ideas today roots democratic system government addition greek art philosophy science passed ancient rome modern europe ideas ancient greece form basis today western civilization birthplace democracy greece democratic government history location crossroads mediterranean easy country invaded map pages days classical greece country experienced centuries warfare invasions finally greece free turkey foreign rulers strategic location greece continues important today greek peninsula lies aegean sea entrance adriatic sea means greece position control entrance mediterranean balkan peninsula black sea addition important sea route mediterranean red sea threatened greece greece independent turkey nineteenth century influence protection britain britain interested protecting greece british sea routes east open
busiest part southern soviet union centers city volgograd volgograd located western bank volga canal joins river don city linked rail water moscow region large cities black caspian seas volgograd began trading center fort caravans traveling asia black sea volgograd supplied rich resources nearby ukraine urals areas major industrial center products include farm machinery tools iron steel products oil refining shipbuilding important activities important cities located banks volga north south volgograd north saratov kuibyshev profit locations river cities important transfer points commerce moscow region urals south volgograd ancient city astrakhan city noted trading fishing center delta volga river caspian sea port astrakhan blocked ice months caucasus region southern soviet union broad strip land separates caspian sea black sea rugged caucasus mountains cut region half valleys plateaus south mountains called transcaucasia trans means region divided republics georgia armenia azerbaijan
eastern europe region variety patchwork ethnic groups small nations topographic patchwork countries eastern europe thing common communist countries political economic ties soviet union ties established war ii albania exception rejected ties soviet union country discussed later countries eastern europe poland czechoslovakia hungary romania bulgaria yugoslavia albania countries bulgaria albania land part austria hungary war geographically greece eastern european nation close west politically discussed unit western europe east germany special case economically politically tied soviet union country geographically culturally part western europe reason discussed unit western europe large parts eastern europe settled huns nomadic invaders central asia peoples displaced nomads peoples settled eastern europe centuries half eastern europeans slavs slavs form groups speak languages hungarians bulgarians descended mainly asiatic nomads bulgarians speak slavic language hungarians romanians partly descended ancient romans
west africa large complex region larger land area united states home million speak hundreds languages dialects belong ethnic groups organized tribal units addition part region colonized french part english part spanish portuguese map page differences cultural backgrounds cooperation areas difficult slow economic development added cultural variety varied geography factors west africa interesting part africa west africa home kingdoms empires addition ghana mali songhai kanem located north east lake chad existed thirteenth fourteenth centuries bornu empire ruled area south lake chad sixteenth nineteenth centuries strong muslim hausa fulani kingdoms developed northern nigeria late nineteenth century powerful states benin dahomey yoruba ashanti existed guinea coast map page west africa control france late nineteenth century french possessions divided french west africa french equatorial africa map page war ii france gave increasing freedom colonies west africa
excellent climate rich resources southern africa region prosperous southern africa highest income person region continent large prosperous white population surface modern cities comfortable homes lies problem refusal white minority allow large black population voice government share economic social whites enjoy policy opposed concerned discussed connection policy separation races republic south africa countries southern africa republic south africa botswana lesotho swaziland history republic south africa story bitter human struggle live tribes north driven south fiercer peoples dutch colonists landed enslaved local africans converted protestant religion dutch settlers later french german protestants fleeing religious persecution europe settled south africa descendants original group white colonists called boers afrikaners white settlers married africans descendants known cape coloureds today term coloured describe south african mixed racial background
indian subcontinent large peninsula juts indian ocean subcontinent large independent piece land smaller continent indian subcontinent bordered north alluvial plains indus ganges rivers plains lie ranges high mountains bay bengal lies east subcontinent arabian sea lies west indian subcontinent occupied countries india pakistan bangladesh nepal bhutan sikkim independent associate india island nation sri lanka lies southeast peninsula afghanistan lies west pakistan countries discussed countries indian subcontinent countries indian subcontinent homes highly developed cultures indus valley civilization dates ruled large part present pakistan reached peak floods droughts salt buildup soil weakened cities indus finally conquered aryan nomads grasslands southern russia aryans merged local peoples developed rich culture reached peak maurya empire centuries invasions cultural religious flourished important religions including buddhism founded period
zealand lies kilometers miles southeast australia belongs large island group pacific called polynesia zealand called britain south pacific britain maritime climate collection large islands small largest islands north island south island map page million zealanders live north island zealand member british commonwealth australia british governor general zealand zealanders decisions foreign domestic affairs power government centered house representatives members elected zealand claimed britain captain cook eighteenth century islands important britain settlement whalers missionaries settlers emigrants british isles zealand population begin grow late nineteenth century wars maoris ended peace brought settlers maoris settlers zealand famous skill sailing navigation polynesian islands northeast zealand giant canoes centuries arrival europeans fought bitterly protect islands british settlers today percent population maoris
mexico northern country latin america shares border united states rio grande river texas mexico comprises thirds boundary mexico land area million square kilometers square miles population million south mexico lie countries central america central america small republics occupy narrow strip land connecting north south america map page countries guatemala nicaragua costa rica panama honduras earn large part income selling bananas central america important bananas panama canal located central america area important trade mountains begin mexico continue south central america mountains connect central america mexico spaniards arrived southern part mexico central america ruled maya indians largest cities built guatemala honduras spain ruled entire territory calling spain rule spaniards ancient political ties spanish colonies fighting independence early area divided present central american countries indians mexico central america mixed spaniards produce mestizo population
brazil important countries today largest country terms land area million citizens populous nations brazil vast tropical rain forests amazon basin amazon river shares border south american country ecuador chile map page addition atlantic coastline ports features brazil country promise development brazil lowlands level plateaus guiana highlands north parts brazilian highlands southeast sections country mountainous highlands areas coastal strip brazilian highlands atlantic ocean plateau brazil stretching west eastern highlands lowlands amazon basin brazil major cities population found coastal strip maps pages coffee important product brazil country grows nearly half supply coffee percent coffee united states coffee industry employs millions workers important brazil economy heart coffee country uplands southeastern brazil
languages canada postage stamps money english french languages debates canadian parliament national capital ottawa rest canada ottawa choice french english dealings federal offices canadian government policy bilingualism official languages act french english official languages largely english speaking country bilingualism represented effort recognize rights canada french speaking minority canadians bilingual quebec thirds speak french france lost empire north america england french canadians struggled preserve language culture found difficult withstand strong pressures english majority language heritage times protested treatment received hands canada english speaking majority early french canadians vocal protests complained jobs government large businesses spoke french french canadians felt maintain unique identity separate completely canada action quebec politically separate unit independent rest canada
earliest times exchanged goods neighbors learned trade products regions discovered trade allowed specialize growing producing things suited areas special skills today trade opportunities improve variety quality lives eighteenth nineteenth centuries international trade carried colonial powers netherlands britain france colonies provided source raw materials market finished products rush colonies markets led clash powers result war part war ii result competition nations economic leadership war ii trade changed greatly colonial powers weakened warfare found impossible hold colonial empires colonies independent newly created countries began develop economies trade countries major change growth united states soviet union leading powers change meant divided political groups united states allies soviet union allies countries committed major powers
today developing nations importance countries striving sufficient aware prosperous nations communications improved traveling developed parts poorer countries learn developed countries develop called rising expectations words expect prosperous developing nations fortunate supplies strategic resources oil phosphates face problems export products farms mines ghana depends selling cacao india sri lanka sell tea britain united states bolivia sells tin united states europe prices products drop exporting nations suffer losses income cases increasing production goods dependent kind export poorer nations believe develop industries raise standard living industrial development requires investment capital trained workers raw materials experience wars course decades nations aware important peace prosperity cooperating
shop foods scientists businessmen lot food forecasting fantastic ideas try ahead future imagine planning shopping list computer kitchen invisible grocery bags microwaves part food forecast picture going store list arrive drive motorized radar guided shopping cart drive store push buttons computer total bill check shopping convenient features added comfort telephones lounges rest rooms stores motorized shopping carts provide moving floors escalators carry shelves stay place shelves revolve types foods waiting purchased include meats freeze dried need refrigeration plankton minute form sea synthetic protein foods selecting food miracle kitchen cooked carefully wrapped check counters computerized cashiers purchases grocery bag held invisible bags
packages convenience foods sold designed protect contamination prevent deterioration caused contact air light heat problem convenience foods prolonged storage tends reduce quality high temperature humidity hasten rate deterioration convenience foods packaged foods meet general requirements united states food drug administration foods shipped lines convenience foods prepared wholesome food fit eat label list product net contents package ingredients nutrient content manufacturer distributor place manufacture convenience foods created science technology developed framework basic principles food preparation easy heat stir product product stirred temperature heated important finished product quality order convenience foods give greatest satisfaction basic cookery principles learned understood convenience foods save assembling measuring mixing ingredients eliminated need learning basic principles techniques cookery products convenience foods successful directions carefully products prepared understands specific directions
ingredients directions recipe product follow special rules principles based science science learn nutrients food nutrients react cooking procedures science tells protein coagulate firm heated high temperatures toughen due loss water learn eggs protein applying information egg cookery heat egg protein firm low temperatues prevent toughening egg protein recipes built sound cookery principles foods ingredients variety nutrients cookery based scientific principles results preparing foods select tested standardized recipes tested standardized recipe proportion ingredients carefully adjusted directions making food follow rules science standardized recipe carefully produce high quality product tested recipes book cookbooks government publications manufacturer food processor booklets newspapers magazines recipes product choose recipes selected points mind satisfactory sure selected recipe fits needs menu planned complete directions easily understood ingredients equipment food budget needed temperature baking cooking standard measurements
grain cereal products variety forms require cooking ready eat cereals ready table purchased instant cereals require addition boiling water objectives cereal cookery improve flavor soften cellulose gelatinize starch produce product free lumps abundant nutrient cereals starch makes fourths grain starch determines cookery procedures cereals cereals goal avoid lumps cereal granules separated lumps form methods separate cereal granules cereals added slowly rapidly boiling water stirring fine cereals cream wheat cornmeal mixed small amount cold water stirred boiling water cereal grains boiling water outer surface sticky prevent granules sticking continue stirring slowly water boils things happen starch cooked starch absorbs water heat cooking steam form erupt starch granules released soluble starch paste cereal thicken term gelatinization refers thickening soft gel forms starches cooked proper amount water heat required produce gelatinization cereals cream wheat able absorb water rolled oats
milk heated protein tends settle coagulate sides bottom pan scorch easily milk heated low heat stirring milk heats helps thin film low temperature prevent scorching milk sugar lactose protein forms brownish film pan milk heated milk heated hot water avoid scorching controlled low heat settings ranges water essential heating milk low heat longer avoid scorching objective milk cookery prevent curdling acid added milk protein settles white clumps curds separates liquid milk curdled easily happen cream tomato soup prepared acids tomato vegetables milk protein separate curdling milk prevented ways thickening milk food added starch combining low temperature cooking food curdling tomato soup prevented thickening milk flour adding tomato tomato thickened milk added tendency curdle reduced low moderate temperatures scalloped potatoes show curdling low temperature high temperature
ingredient eggs versatile ability form foams coagulate custards thickened coagulation egg protein angel food cakes souffles meringues egg foams custard sweetened milk mixture thickened egg custard cooked egg coagulate forming protein network entrap liquids mixture smooth thickened product custards cooked low temperatures egg protein overcoagulate squeeze trapped liquid watery curdled custard types custards stirred soft baked ingredients method mixing types custard method cooking differs soft stirred custard cooked hot water constant stirring set firmly form gel baked custard thick velvety heavy cream baked custard cooked oven stirring hold shape removed baking dish avoid overcoagulation soft custards cooked constant stirring water simmering boiling cooking stopped custard coats spoon baked custards set pan hot water baked moderate oven knife inserted center custards comes clean cooking custards overcoagulates egg protein
purchase varieties frozen fish round frozen fish fresher fresh fish freezing fish takes place boats caught frozen fish sold fillets steaks fish sticks cut fillets breaded partially cooked freezing breaded uncooked fillets shellfish frozen frozen fish select ready cooking preparation finfish shellfish canned variety forms popular canned finfish include salmon tuna sardines canned shellfish oysters clams lobsters crab scallops shrimp considered delicacy fish cured preserve give distinctive flavor fish salted smoked pickled referred cured fish examples cured fish cod mackeral finnan haddie kippered herring fish cod herring salted dry salt brine dried mildly salted fish treated smoke special smokey flavor finnan haddie haddock cured brine smoked kippers salmon whitefish cured pickled fish cured brine vinegar spices processing packed jars kinds fresh frozen canned cured fish add variety interest eating pleasure signs quality enable select fish seafoods
modern transportation refrigeration fresh vegetables buy fresh carrots lettuce potatoes onions vegetables lima beans corn peas asparagus fresh form part purchase seasonal vegetables forms canned frozen dried vegetables forms contribute appearance health nutrients provide vegetables especially rich vitamins minerals reason included meals vitamins green leaves plants green color vegetables due presence chlorophyll leafy green deep yellow vegetables excellent sources vitamin recall vegetables carotene yellow substance converted vitamin deeper yellow darker green vegetable higher vitamin content dark green vegetables broccoli spinach deep yellow vegetables carrots sweet potatoes abundant sources carotene carotene converted vitamin serves purpose vitamin found milk remember vitamin needed help eyes adjust quickly light dark help grow add glow softness hair skin leafy green vegetables sources vitamin
nutrient contributions salads determined foods fresh fruits vegetables important sources vitamins minerals cellulose dark leafy greens especially helpful meeting needs iron vitamins salads greens salad counted serving leafy vegetable green leaf base salad small counted serving leafy green foods salads include meat fish poultry cheese egg foods rich sources complete proteins nuts mature beans contribute incomplete proteins add protein needs compared foods caloric salads general low starchy vegetables potato mature beans cereal products macaroni higher caloric values fruit succulent vegetables potato macaroni salads starch contribute energy needs type quantity salad dressing influence caloric salads fat cream salad dressing rich calories dressings cooked salad dressing fat lower calories mayonnaise fat find nutrient values foods salads food nutrient chart located appendix salads provide appetizing interesting ways serve fresh fruits vegetables contribute important nutrients add crispness meals
centuries cakes continued important part celebrations tiered beautifully decorated wedding cake birthday cake studded blazing candles cakes thought fitting foods gods offered romans greeks gods wondered cakes spicy cake similar gingerbread invented greece romans served cakes weddings today story tells nun creamed butter sugar eggs iced layer cake cakes shape large puddings pound cake originated colonial america pound sugar butter flour chiffon cake blend sponge butter cakes newest creation layer cake developed american specialty comes varieties choice layer cakes sponge angel cakes holiday cakes rich fruits nuts cake recipes carefully guarded centuries passed generation generation today recipes types cakes easily found cookbooks cake recipes include fats general basis cakes classified broad groups cakes shortening cakes shortening solid fats cakes combined differently give cake texture liquid fats oil
believe pie american fourth july pumpkin pies wives pioneers filled hollowed pumpkins milk baked front open fire later spices added early pumpkin mixtures baked pans later pumpkin fillings baked pastry lined pans variety foods increased kinds pies legend tells pies originated ancient greece spread rome later europe england pyes baked deep pans called coffins shallow round pie pan american invention pie serve number pie american favorite especially apple pie cherry today flaky tender pastry hallmark cook mention word pastry means pie actually term pastry refers large variety baked products doughs rich fat includes cream puffs puff pastry danish french pastries rich yeast cake type sweet rolls favorite pies plain puff pastry pies plain pastry golden brown flaky blistered surface tender puff pastry extra rich extra flaky special pies fancy tarts pastry tender flaky preferred smooth compact pastry
pastry cut strips fancy shapes sprinkled cheese paprika accompaniment soups salads pastry pieces sprinkled sugar cinnamon mixture spread lightly jam accompaniment fruit sherbet dessert meat poultry fish seafood pies main dish foods rest meal planned meat poultry fish combined vegetables sauce gravy mixture baked pastry lined pan top crust covered top crust baked solid crust fancy pastry shapes decorate pie casserole main dishes meat poultry fish pies filling satisfying main dishes nutrient contributions forms pastry depend ingredients pastries high proportion fat rich energy calories pastry fillings sugar adds caloric contribution pastries easy overload meals calories need remember calories play changed body fat add pounds kilograms weight vitamin mineral custard fruit fillings replace need milk fruit amount milk fruit piece pie small counted serving foods
ago scientists studied topics answers found began limit topics study special topic experts small topic branch science today hundreds branches science guessed branches science related earth sciences studied reference sciences geologist explain volcano knowing nature heat astronomers explain twinkling stars don understand light earth scientist explain fossil remains biology answer earth scientist background sciences observing looking eyes senses tell run finger slab marble smooth cool feel piece coal rough jagged need wash feel sand water pond cement block yes sense touch teach rocks minerals sulfur spring won forget odor resembling rotten eggs odor geologist knows odors mines caves clues geology area sounds thunder ocean waves roar volcano surely teach natural happenings forget taste ocean water
earth covered rock sand soil broken rock form solid part earth lithosphere rocks formed heat water pressure rocks minerals kinds molten melted rock called magma cooled shrank form igneous rocks rock broken water wind forming sand silt carried rivers dumped ocean ocean eventually fall bottom form sediment ocean bottom later cemented sedimentary rocks igneous sedimentary rocks acted heat pressure chemicals happens metamorphic rocks live small planet earth planet part solar system star called sun center rest universe stars believed planets revolving laws chemistry physics explain actions stars planets earth forces nature affect layers atmosphere physical chemical earth major forces universe order strength nuclear electromagnetic weak nuclear gravitational interaction forces light heat chemical nuclear energy understanding forces explains happenings universe earth surface changed formed
mass water caused water pressure mass air air pressure billions air molecules moving atmosphere held earth force gravity molecules bounce strike surfaces molecules strike surface exert force push pull force pushing surface call pressure air pressure result billions molecules atmosphere striking surfaces upper layers molecules press lower layers push air downward result air closer surface earth dense farther words air atmospheric pressure air pressure surface objects surface measured area water air pressure pounds square inch metric system amount force square meter square centimeter scientists figured air pressure pounds square inch sea level air pressure cover book place copy pathways science desk measure length width answer end chapter page villagers magdeburg science secret mayor pumped air sphere air pressure inside sphere sphere
town donora pennsylvania quiet peaceful american town burst news tragedy place thick dense smoky blanket air settled town dead sick story place times city london similar tragedy counted dead word born smog means smoke fog re read section temperature inversions smog let look donora pennsylvania donora low valley large factories steel sulfuric acid chemicals temperature inversion allow air carry soot smoke trapped town look map show los valley mountain ranges city inversion layer forms perfect blanket traps exhaust automobiles material look pie graph section materials shown remain amounts shown water vapor changing slightly call pure air course air pure dust materials matter fact air skies blue dust particles scatter white sunlight industries adding foreign materials air
main factors weather temperature air pressure winds moisture weather experts need instruments study factors study factors earth upper atmosphere happening nearby happening parts let weather experts scientific tools thermometers measure temperature temperature tells hot cold measure degrees temperature tell heat united states report weather degrees fahrenheit degrees celsius home thermometers red colored alcohol glass tube precise thermometers mercury hydrogen gas temperature times weather stations readings hour mean duty hours instrument known thermograph constant readings thermograph figure clock turning drum graph paper days week hours temperature scale printed attached drum drum rotates moving pen marks rise fall temperature meteorologist need watch thermometer mercury aneroid barometers record air pressure learned air pressure measured centimeters inches mercury look weather map
collections facts figures called statistics figures put charts graphs figures added divided obtain averages average rainfall january york city mm inches average temperature york city january san juan puerto rico average january rainfall mm inches average january temperature puerto rico knowing baseball team batting averages helps predict winning team knowing weather statistics helps predict coming weather baseball predictions wrong weather predictions incorrect weather statistics large weather maps forecast correctly national weather service local weather stations station scientists read instruments record data meteorologists system telling weather part country information makes station model figure shows station model notice picture symbols symbols fronts clear cloudy directions winds force winds observers local weather station collect weather observations send central station teletype radio telephone information comes drawn large maps united states circle means station station averaged observations circle
deep lake fishing easy find fishing line knot feet tie heavy lead sinker end line let sinker slowly water count number knots surface feel lead sinker hit bottom stop counted knots lake feet deep oldest method finding ocean depth called line sounding method measuring depth crews challenger early ships lines strong cord lead sinker weighed kg distance knots feet distance called fathom sound wave hits solid object wave bounces sounds return called echoes sound travels water speed meters mile suppose sound wave travelling ship takes reach bottom echo return travelled upward figure ocean deep ship sound took seconds seconds seconds return ocean deep ship method finding depth ocean called echo sounding
heard sea called angry heard roar waves seen speed rolling waters listened crash breakers shore agree angry describe sea sea calm quiet waters move gently movements force let ocean waters glide gently move slowly paths km wide movements ocean currents wind water produces kind water movement called waves rocking earthquake beneath seas makes low waves called tsunamis tsunamis low destructive hit land experience beach shown tides rise fall ocean waters times study tides later earth science let examine waves currents stand basin water table speed electric fan blow air surface water slow medium high speed force chance waves started waves movements water caused winds waves caused weak winds called ripples huge waves caused strong winds blowing direction large area ocean
dredge manganese lumps called nodules ocean bottom supply half manganese needs united states making steel nodules treasures cobalt nickel imagine mine bottom ocean spoken times getting salt nacl sea remember unlimited supply salt ocean places sun evaporates water give pure salt chemicals bromine magnesium removed seawater magnesium bromide bromine manufacturing photographic film medicines knock gasoline seaweed kelp important source iodine shores nova scotia rowboats rake large tangled masses seaweeds seaweeds bundled dried substance called algin removed algin manufacturing ice cream famous irish moss dried bleached seaweed medicine soothe mucus membranes scientists known oil supply running short fall political crisis developed middle east arab oil producing countries oil reserves reduced supply europe japan north america produced energy crisis countries took look oceans source oil known vast supplies oil natural gas continental shelf
ago scientists studied topics answers found began limit topics study special topic experts small topic branch science today hundreds branches science guessed branches science related earth sciences studied reference sciences geologist explain volcano knowing nature heat astronomers explain twinkling stars don understand light earth scientist explain fossil remains biology answer earth scientist background sciences observing looking eyes senses tell run finger slab marble smooth cool feel piece coal rough jagged need wash feel sand water pond cement block yes sense touch teach rocks minerals sulfur spring won forget odor resembling rotten eggs odor geologist knows odors mines caves clues geology area sounds thunder ocean waves roar volcano surely teach natural happenings forget taste ocean water
curious animals want nature earliest days looked heavens wonder beginning understand heavens bodies studying astronomy results satisfying curiosity astronomy basis telling explains seasons centuries sailors stars method navigation recently studying skies helped understand predict weather helped develop forms communication radar radio tv understanding universe especially sun help solve energy problems entered space age land astronauts moon discover materials study astronomy space fascinating branch science students astronomy course astronomers study stars planets scientists fields concerned astronomy studied weather learned meteorologists study atmosphere chemists interested materials found planets stars physicists study radiations stars radio tv engineers study space atmosphere planning designing receivers transmitters geologists interested rocks planets stars finally forget amateur amateur scientists science today astronomy highly developed science amateurs observations
ancients looked sky able shining spheres sun moon stars watched nights saw bodies changed positions skies circling overhead earth stood earth flat heavens round earth center universe earth stood bodies skies revolved scheme universe taught greek scientist ptolemy completed ancient days telescopes watched carefully counted risings settings sun noted movements moon counted stars wrote positions stars noticed special bright stars wandered stars called planets greek word meaning wanderer planets moved speeds fastest planet called mercury speedy messenger gods planet shining beauty slower mercury called venus planet red named mars god war largest called jupiter father gods slowest planet called saturn god agriculture saw groups stars imagined shapes animals
galaxies systems stars spin space milky galaxy group bodies called solar system sun star center solar system planets revolve sun regular orbits planet sun earth astronomical bodies earth controlled known forces night seasons eclipses star positions planets point conclusion copernicus astronomers knew earth moving course sounded reasonable seen scientist accepts explanation reasonable proved spin globe watch spinning metal rod called axis axis goes center imagine globe earth course real axis going earth rotation movement imaginary axis words sphere spins turn record player watch turntable rotate spindle axis turn round round stand spot rotating french scientist jean foucault performed amazing demonstration photograph figure shows similar demonstration franklin institute philadelphia foucault hung heavy cannon ball end thin strong wire hung ball wire swivel joint beam famous pantheon building paris france ball hung layer sand floor attached pointer ball
galileo studied topography moon telescope saw towering mountains smooth plains valleys deep round holes called craters astronomers thought large dark areas seas filled water water moon difference appearance comes kinds materials sea moon called mare plural maria reason water absent surface moon reflects sunlight water present reflection craters mountains formed theory moon bombarded falling meteors space meteors fell dug huge holes theory craters formed lunar volcanoes theory accurate previously thought large temperature night rock crumble moon quakes tumbling moving rocks fragments craters visible telescope craters wide flat floors lofty central peaks craters named copernicus plato tycho largest stretch km rim crater copernicus diameter km seas wide mare imbrium sea showers stretches km shore shore
ancient saying means simply start stop speed slow passing action tides ancient watched rise fall tides rise fall tides regular process words tides timed predicted class arrived beach spread blankets prepared fun spending hour water decided return blankets lie sun surprise found blankets covered rising water caused movement water shore students story learned tides wet timed predicted students arrived beach mistake spreading blankets close water edge water level low point ebb water rose blankets reached high flood level call rise fall ocean water tides difference height lowest highest points called tidal range parts range meters careful records observations draw tide table area find tide lasts hours minutes
want put space capsule space orbit earth problems solved want send space bring problems greater chart shows problems rocket stands ready launching pad countdown lift mighty roar huge rocket rises effect violent explosion astronaut rocket accelerates speeds pressure astronaut body built normal push called gravity normal push earth body takeoff force push rise apollo capsule showed force order lessen effect push astronaut lies special foam rubber chair rocket engine burned strange thing happens astronaut free fall push pull astronauts bodies objects capsule weightless camera put remain floating mid air drink eat usual fashion food squeezed mouth plastic bottles bags weightlessness dangerous bad effects astronauts astronauts reported dizziness fades quickly
rocket launched capsule km earth stage stage fires capsule separates rocket rocket capsule giant push thrust earth gravity pulling capsule happen capsule capsule exert force greater force earth gravity move secrets space travel capsule develop thrust strong overcome earth gravity escape earth surface free travel space figure cannon fires shell tower km high course imaginary shell fly straight horizontally return sir isaac newton laws states object motion continues move straight line steady speed force acts force yes earth gravity shell begins move curved path curved earth quickly falls earth put force cannon shell travel farther curved path falls earth try force shell travels curved path falls cannon km high tower capsule pushed rocket
land astronauts explorers scientists walked run moon gave experience bodies moon gravity driven moon battery powered cars collected kg rocks bring earth core samples moon soil return lm space suits rest eat sleep notes talk ground control send thousands pictures film tv measurements instruments finally set leave sensors instruments continue operate astronauts leave sending data earth examples sensors seismographs heat flow meters solar wind meters magnetometers gravity meters chemical analyzers saturn rocket boosted ton story workshop orbit manned space station orbiting space skylab later separate missions astronauts launched apollo capsules rendezvous dock skylab km earth skylab giant motel sky workshop big large house trailer gave astronaut scientists plenty room study sleep living room apollo capsule met orbit hooked skylab air lock tunnel allowed astronauts move
pele greatest soccer player born united states chances career pro sports slim pele family poor glove bat football helmet luckily pele soccer requires equipment american sports fact equipment soccer team costs equipment american football player soccer players helmeted capped padded wear shorts jersey matter weather fans faces learn recognize characteristic mannerisms stands pele overcome handicap poverty lived america bigger problem size smaller boys grew taller foot height north american coaches considered small football basketball hockey baseball lack size disadvantage soccer lack equipment soccer game accuracy power quickness agility brute force greatest soccer players physical norm soccer coach tell youngster physique wrong game cup competition team tiny north koreans defeated favored squad taller italians eliminating tournament
english settlers america brought muskets religions passion kicking ball united states england early football rough tumble showdown competing towns emphasis violence finesse football adopted gentlemen england american universities began play game rules similar england princeton undergraduates playing version football called ballown beginning passersby harvard street cambridge massachusetts ran risk getting beaned round ball blasted harvard yard princeton beat rutgers contest later called intercollegiate football game america college football hall fame established rutgers commemorate event game princeton rutgers played american football early form soccer ball round couldn carried arm thrown players team players squad stationed opposing team goal hoping kick loose balls points players squad roamed midfield defenders called infielders attackers called bulldogs soccer style football games played eastern universities rutgers beat columbia beaten princeton
weeks summer soccer fans live event cup tournament alleys casablanca boulevards paris teheran tokyo news cup tournament fills newspapers television screens bringing hundreds millions fans participants national professional star teams survived tense qualifying matches nearly national teams eliminated team finally wins coveted cup trophy receive recognition prestige unparalleled sport instantly players international celebrities home honored hero patriot enhanced nation reputation seeds cup spectacle planted fifa official meeting declared organize championship took seeds sprout england refused join international federation frenchmen dominated early jules rimet president henri delaunay secretary fifa annual congresses argued determining regular basis nation played pro soccer wanted fifa organize tournament crown worldwide pro champion nations olympics crown champion amateur soccer rimet delaunay wanted event contested halfway olympic games
soccer game continuous action game played minute halves minute rest period outs substitutions opposing teams move end field flow play stopped ball goes bounds penalty goal goal worth point aim game simply score goals opponent ball soccer players round basketball inch smaller circumference team scores goal move ball opponent goal line put goal rectangle feet wide feet high goal netting hockey goal catch ball score nets teams disputed goal hard tell ball inside posts soccer team eleven ten roam field advancing ball opponents goal attempting regain possession opponents advancing basketball soccer players advance ball downfield passing dribbling basketball players pass dribble hands soccer goalkeeper hands ball play soccer players hands arms part body
basketball dribbling technique advancing ball bouncing hand soccer dribbling technique advancing ball ground nudging forward foot aim advance ball opposing goal course worst thing happen dribbler ball stolen opponent spectacle thrills soccer fans sight expert dribbler loose boy showing bicycle dribbler moves say look ma hands dribblers stanley matthews eusebio pele johan cruyff dribbling look effortless opponent look helpless key effective dribbling soccer learning ball control learning skill similar learning dribble basketball begin walking forward nudging ball foot inside front section foot part nearest toes nudge ball don kick ball foot reach important practice dribbling feet foot able control ball dribbling walking pace increase speed slow jog contact ball inch ground strides short choppy touching ball step
soccer player wants kick short accurate pass farther yards inside foot inside foot kick accurate kicker put largest foot surface ball start lay ball ground step left line want ball travel plan kick left foot line approach ball planting left foot swing leg ball hitting part foot big toe joint heel sure plant non kicking leg side ball permit kicking leg swing freely kicking leg turned outward hip hit ball full surface inside foot contact swing kicking leg ahead aiming hit ball inches ground lean forward hold arms body balance instant contact leg stiff provide additional power sure leg follows direction kicked ball master kick move running start ball practiced place ball accurately try striking ball closer front foot alongside big toe
assessing minor violations referee decide player intended judgment calls easier penalties lighter minor offenses playing dangerous reckless manner trying kick ball goalie hands lifting foot high kick endangers actually injures player charging player possession ball shoulder charge player ball legal obstructing player prevent gaining possession ball means defensive player block attacker running downfield receive pass charging goalkeeper goal area smaller rectangle goal goalie charged legally holding ball obstructing opponent stalling misplaying goalkeeper goalie play ball promptly gaining possession stand hold head steps ball throwing kicking playing offside misunderstood rule soccer deserves careful explanation thing understand offside rule reason existing early days soccer team leave directly front goal team possession ball kick sleepers assure goal
kickoff center forward kicker left inside forwards nearer sides field forwards wingers forward line important responsibilities offense wingers smallest players field fastest leading fast break sprinting downfield ahead pass halfback inside forward winger dribble past defenders basketball wizard driving basket essentially wingers scientists sideline maneuver trapped sideline bounce ball opponent legs send bounds team chance throw ball play move goal line team gain valuable corner kick match winger receive pass sideline dribble corner stop give defender fake sends sprawling sprinting goal draw goalkeeper winger suddenly unleash pass cross flies parallel goal teammate front goal tap score deception flashy display technique definite purpose pleasing crowd winger wants intimidate defender assigned cover
common error soccer players stop ball important soccer basketball players ball moving moving continuously full speed englishman half jog brazilian player teammates constantly changing target passes help pull defenders positions attack advance area defenders leave unprotected defender decide stick position field play keeps getting open offense control goalkeeper initiates attack throwing rolling kicking ball teammate goalie harassed opponent generally throws rolls ball nearby teammate safer team move ball length field chance receiving controlling kick goalkeeper looks open fullback advance ball opponents midline pass midfielders midfield seed goal planted nourished soccer commentators say effectiveness teams midfield play decides wins offensive team meets strength defensive team weak offense meets powerful defense offense seldom advance ball past midfield
kinds traditonal questions politics person knows history political thought chance sort things constant themes american politics generation engaged peculiar variations engaged questions sleep going breathe going earn living want give impression problems series problems revolve trying sane insane backed beginning insanity morning starting place pay attention news think ahead depressing introduced politics imagine knock door deep rumbling voice saying hello guess control depressing begin course think politics beginning bed america ten fifteen sleep fairly simple question person tried find opposite sex fall love marry things happen sleep politics americans learned closets opened question easily sex want sleep difficult mind enjoy equally choices choices number choices color choices married unmarried
metaphors helpful doubt able cuts reality metaphors sandbox need real examples claimed political impotence countries south russia government power ronald reagan current commander chief believes united states communism americas means central america means granada means sphere dominance threat communism intense person lesser evils tolerated supported news full terrorism wing terrorism left wing countries support wingers terror torture absolute loss freedom communists support remarkably unthoughtful policy angered drafted effective policymakers forgotten began government revolution liberal policy defeating force revolutionary governments countries seek aid communists failing recognize friends dictators president speech fighting communism russians feel patriotic flag waved salute thing
earlier suggested read madison say read annual direct elections confederation small republics rotation office accountability constituents failed suggest lot politics politics overgeneralize activity live process adjusting aims activities aristotle believed society highest form activity thought believe rightly citizenship deciding act acting individual develop capabilities fullest participation helped define definition implies meant politics morality implied politics means taking stand passionate defining believe wrong bad acting belief easy kind activity especially taught reject propositions politics involves tension trying figure choices clear cut politics profoundly human roots morality sources action deeply felt tension political action individual responsible destroy check power act destroy individual capacity destroying personal responsibility power destroys moral roots precisely kind equation madison failed acknowledge
think nature means politics personal lives view knowledge means pretty obvious organize important organize accompanying ways organizations dominate behavior concerns chapter begin understand effects organizations understand ideology look concern central political science power debates scholars american politics power rules rule elite elites optimists say rule pessimists elite personally think position optimistic charge power control changed believe power faith human beings making decisions future optimistic ultimately charge idea charge tyranny tyrant unhappy idea tied directly large organizations begin understand large organizations operate understand rules operate rules impose begin recognize large organization greater sum human members tendency natural believe organizations organizations simply reflection tendency ignores point chapter large organization easily set rules society rules geared organizational human ends
rationality bureaucracy fosters parts understand sense logic bureaucracy logic science assumes objective reality real quantifiable aim bureaucracy produce countable product lowest cost objective questions technical problems soluble terms costs benefits build house atomic bomb judged bad se judged terms organizational credits debits bureaucracy constructs makes rules real person ahead person act according rules rationality framework produce behave stay step ahead believes outputs bureaucracies forced admit function effectively point difficult human confined difficult leave emotions front door exchange wholly rational thought idea human machine human beings confined rationality cogs means inevitably part irrationality individual rational hours certainly expect signs begin understand irrationality exploring ideas religion violence america religion course kinds religions kinds worshipers faithful
chapter seriously begin understand depressing large organizations lifestyles convey definite ideology limit kinds analyses economic interpretation society analysis depends heavily class conflicts inherent capitalist communist societies makes sense doubt wealth concentrated society rich poor managers workers dynamic organized society impersonality role playing increasing institutional growth affects arguing ideology organizations change communist capitalist countries america england russia japan bureaucrat recognizes bureaucrat inter office inter nationstate regrettably class analyses optimistic eliminate ruling class upper class effect trade set highly bureaucrats class analysis bureaucratic leaves essential problems hidden essentially obvious organizational society potentially hurt bottom poor minorities forced deal powerless organizational employees represent impersonal set rules organization pay higher costs organizations buy represent impressive purchasing individual individuality safe bureaucracy bureaucrat eternal tug america bigness bureaucracies individualism engine clear ibm apple computer wars
begin truly understand voting america put discussion context fits view discuss pretending pretend constructing inhabited evil population motivated interest view scientific say reality attributed things physical material things countable quantifiable finally population organize bureaucratically political scientists creators deal fundamental problem citizens system give illusion power content distract important questions possibly answers making trivial behavior important answer deceptively simple voting meaningless gesture individual society voting myth important proportions discussions voting questions asked miss point look voting discussed exercise understanding questions predetermine answers understand voting fetish familiarize common questions answers begin ask questions ordinarily asked idea voting important america important public schools pump heads full importance elections tv networks spend millions election coverage social scientists study restudy elections electors electorate bars closed election ensure heady voting drunk liquor
ronald reagan president write relaxed true later relaxed reagan showed presidency president kind tension showed nixon carter reagan vacations naps staff says awful things things morality law bad things happen foreign affairs deaths lebanon bad things happen domestically worst recession happens reagan upset sounds kind laid tell furious unlike carter dwells knows details unlike nixon corruption hurt popularity relaxed able pass lot legislation office successful congress person reelected dwight eisenhower person richard nixon term office short genuine question reagan relaxed maybe maybe control maybe believe story nancy ronald reagan laurence leamer writes extraordinary ronnie apparent psychic distance burden presidency sat cabinet meetings doodling held rigid agenda start telling hollywood stories talk football habit brother neil
easiest outline system simply list salient features social science tells system boundary kind communications network natural voluntary legitimate illegitimate efficient effective functional dysfunctional accessible inaccessible open closed bias systems want survive cases grow consider traits sweeping vague conclusion obvious sure system america exact segments society accurately understood terms describe system equally obvious call political system separated social economic goings social scientists tell political system methods formulating issues deliberating resolving finally finding solutions tell issues political resolved open political ways words system terms stay function smoothly political system high school institution political system students rarely political voice important questions decided experts system teachers principal school board students simply input system end students leave school outputs system systemic terms changed basically
ways think freedom rest chapter discuss turn freedom interpreted american letters freedom economics freedom psychology freedom politics begin thoreau begin classic statement free makes case discover find freedom experiencing nature thoreau poet spokesman urge tells ignore society relearn primary associations learn commune nature sketching thoreau experience walden understanding words point common past born bright days harvard college graduated wrote opened private school friendly ralph waldo emerson trouble fired school teacher refusing administer discipline problems deciding vocation generally regarded promising scholar july thoreau live walden pond journal real attractions thoreau writes walden complete retirement miles village half mile nearest neighbor separated highway broad field set wilderness town field highway enjoy advantages ready carry atlas shoulders heard compensation received things motive excuse pay unmolested possession
times change able understand variations theme student teacher power examine variations give perspective power incidentally ago college course restrictive straightforward ways student forced subjects disliked irrelevant seemingly simply unnecessary classes set assignments tests papers rigorous standards normal course pre course attempts ranging rowdy change successful attempts places fewer required courses multitude experimental programs schools students effort generally find series easy courses stake defending overly rigid pre protest programs days schools exercised power ways wrong students comment policies general professors visible fact visible power huge sums money colleges universities order highly secret government rightly questions institution encourage independence seeking truth money morally questionable things kinds power easy understand issues raised generation kind power grown response past personal feelings affect rooted deeply academy important examine relationship pop psychology humanism power
title section problem justice simple misleading set words word problem suggests solution firmly convinced clear solutions problems discuss word justice misleading write assume definition necessarily truth case chapter consist thoughts search definition ideas phrases try capture illusion maybe justice simply illusion maybe section titled unsolvable problem illusion accuracy justice law respect law respect idea law taught think system law natural normal question respect rarely ask law seldom think basis law think justice let begin trying understand assume law think assume kind perfect order exists forms perfect realm possibly thought uncorrupted material believe perfection idea ultimate order idea perfect working things seek definitions justice thought untouched perfect heads idea justice
suggested collective myths women friendships wrong destructive sustained attack myths carried women movement change wrongheaded wanting change bad equal opposite reaction women friends women theory goes oppressors war women fighting freedom enemies friends theory denies possibility women evil theory silly martin buber writes deny humanity potential evil deny humanity martin buber women thing difficult sort certainly continue pigs surely myths harmful sex sin soon myths women problems half chapter centered friendship section question women truly friends vision clouded doubt women friendship stereotype thought obvious lovers sister brother idea friends opposite sex plain foolish strange realize women assume women jobs sign liberation women jobs sign weakness
fairly obvious choice choose happy unhappy want happy aim plan strive passion happiness knowledge seemingly important things greatness wants equaled greatness ignorance happiness reasonable topic discuss considers preceding topics maybe things relationship ways act feel maybe things happy unhappy knowing maybe happiness subject explored happiness goal humanity politics want argue simply suggest begin think think happiness help understand possibly don exploring happiness able clearly want able ask want worth getting begin try understand happiness consists relationship society explore ways dealing society obvious beginning point happiness discussion point natural place begin dictionaries help aristotle augustine jesus
seen book things think political real concerns read newspapers necessarily form central concerns written political scientists militantly focus issues schools health care income distribution focus areas believe legitimate concerns politics political science political scientists wrong focus kinds issues book privatization aloneness groups friendship simply topics worse discuss things everyday language makes mistake worse ways dead wrong everyday language point discussing everyday issues want argue schools food hungry point course point concerns political system ways handle limit discussion topics seeing limit questions answers limit failure idea explained concentrate entirely issues housing food health part assuming government huge household automatically limit public activities called politics press issues running house big impersonal family
power mean ability person person act accordance person intentions exercise power obvious president tells air force build bomber power exercised subtle ways evident participants president economic advisers persuade impose lift wage price controls advisers think power president subordinates president acts accord intentions result arguments power power found human relationships concerned power affect hold government office government behave leaves important things account corporation closes factory small town major employer power ways affect deeply lives university refuses admit student medical society refuses license physician power explain things happen tantamount explaining society particulars operates limit view government chiefly american federal government repeatedly pay special attention things thought private matters public manage objects governmental action chapter begin discussion policy making look closely issues government agenda
american version representative democracy based major principles separation powers federalism america political power shared separate branches government parliamentary democracies power concentrated single supreme legislature america political authority divided national government governments federalism european systems authority centralized national government principles especially controversial philadelphia delegates began broad agreement separated powers measure federalism virginia jersey plans contained version federalism written constitution controversial desirability separating powers leaving states equipped broad array rights responsibilities controversial philadelphia convention framers experiences british rule government articles shaped view human nature experiences taught framers seek advantage politics pursuit interest unchecked lead exploit human nature decent government based popular consent inevitable view ancient political philosophers aristotle government help improve human nature deliberately cultivating virtue governed americans mind americans government samuel adams leader boston tea party nation christian sparta
local officials discovered short free federal money free federal aid entirely beneficial mayor governor want money local officials found attractive things level government paid federal officials learned thing passing laws meet concerns national constituencies leaving cities states pay bills manage problems began attractive congress perspective depends office holds revealed statement mayor koch congressman york member congress voted laws imposing grant conditions confidence enacting permanent solutions critical problems took plunge mayor job drive home misguided congressional outlook bills voted floor form compelled approval vote clean air water access education handicapped look hard believe simplicity congress flimsy empirical support offered persuade members proposed solution country evident mayor remarks tensions federal system arise level government callous incompetent kinds political demands cope competing demands federal local officials find bargaining situation side trying benefit solving problem satisfying pressure group passing side costs taxes administrative problems
reforms changed nature national political conventions democratic convention place party leaders met bargain presidential candidate place elected delegates met ratify decisions voters primary elections local caucuses party leaders gathering smoke filled room replaced ideologically motivated activists assembling television cameras americans dislike bosses deals manipulation prefer democracy reform openness commendable instincts instincts carefully tested practice mislead supposing carried reform idea rules judged practical results conformity principle fairness rules affect distribution power help win lose later chapter try assess delegate selection rules looking closely affect attends conventions presidential candidates selected extent regular ongoing party organizations found city county levels affiliated national democratic republican parties direction control national committee national chairman select delegates national conventions affairs autonomous independent units formally party units organized law typical committee nominally highest party authority county committees city town committees places precincts formal party organization
visuals vital part major campaign effort unlike spots cost campaign news greater credibility viewer visual filmed episode showing candidate reporter thinks newsworthy simply making speech speech important facts charges thought tv editors uninteresting television viewers attracted pictures talking heads highly competitive tv audience reactions important determinants air knowing campaign managers strive candidates visually interesting later visual news talk elderly folks nursing home shake hands waiting unemployment line commiserate inflation shoppers supermarket sniff waters polluted lake obviously efforts nought tv camera crew pains schedule visuals times places easy photographers present ironically visuals television newscasts generally give viewer information commercial spots course exact opposite believe commonplace deplore political advertising especially short spots grounds devoid information manipulative praise television news programs especially longer debates interviews informative balanced fact research suggests reverse true news programs covering elections tend convey information show scenes crowds cheering candidates shouting slogans impression viewers watched
campaign funds organizations interest groups recently illegal corporations labor unions contribute money directly political campaigns law easy circumvent corporation executives give money individuals covertly reimbursed companies corporate money laundered sending abroad labor unions set political action committees raise money members campaign purposes interest groups tangible ideological interest policy unlimited contributions investigations campaign led indictment twenty individuals fourteen corporations making illegal campaign contributions nixon campaign campaigns democratic candidates hubert humprhey edmund muskie henry jackson indicted found guilty interest groups supply money campaigns include affected materially public policy labor unions milk producers schoolteachers doctors business organizations interested promoting candidates liberal conservative ideology national committee effective congress nearly decades raised money liberals running congress gave nearly eighty candidates conservative groups americans constitutional action donations law put effective restrictions organizations modified amendments allowed corporations labor unions special interest groups set political action committees pacs provided raised money fifty volunteer donors gave funds candidates federal election contribute candidate election strict accounting rules introduced corporation union limited pac
congress decided house large voted fix size members remained period members owing admission alaska hawaii union size decided find formula performing painful task apportioning seats states gained lost population constitution requires reapportionment ten automatic method selected based complex statistical system withstood decades political scientific testing system states york ohio pennsylvania illinois lost representation house states grew rapidly population largest gainers california florida texas table average congressional district half million residents states malapportionment gerrymandering ordered supreme court court ruled constitution requires districts drawn nearly person vote worth court rule vote clear fact leaves host questions unanswered deviation equal size allowable factors account population legislature want draw district lines easier blacks italian americans farmers group distinct interest elect representative requirement exactly equal districts impossible gerrymandering problem remains districts size drawn favor party
electoral college invented states select electors manner wished electors meet capital vote president vice president framers expected procedure lead electors voting favorite son candidate win majority popular vote event decided house representatives choice delegation casting vote plan meet test large states say small states protected minimum electoral votes matter tiny populations small states wield considerable influence house widely expected presidential elections ultimately decided course framers foresee role political parties play producing nationwide support slate national candidates manner electing president settled question powers easier decide believe procedures fair balanced confident assigning larger powers president system treaties appoint lesser officials originally reserved senate president advice consent senate issue put rest soon george washington unanimous choice electoral college president firmly limited terms office president franklin roosevelt dared run grant tried
constitution says president obliged divulge private communications principal advisers presidents acted privilege confidentiality presidential claim based grounds doctrine separation powers means branch government inquire internal workings branch headed constitutionally named officers principles statecraft prudent administration require president obtain confidential candid advice subordinates advice obtained quickly exposed public scrutiny hundred challenge claim presidential confidentiality supreme court require disclosure confidential communications president congress happy claim seriously dispute senate committee explicitly accepted claim president kennedy secretary defense robert mcnamara obliged divulge identity defense department officials censored speeches generals admirals supreme court met issue directly federal special prosecutor sought tape recordings white house conversations president nixon advisers part investigation watergate scandal case united states nixon supreme court vote held sound basis claim executive privilege especially sensitive military diplomatic matters involved absolute unqualified presidential privilege immunity judicial process circumstances
addition laws require interpretation laws induce litigation agency regulates business decisions agency challenged court business firms regulations consumer labor organizations federal courts appeal heard cases review decision regulatory agency thirds agency position supported agency overruled cases arose agencies programs exist federal government today likely defensive court twenty thirty ago finally attitudes judges powerfully affect especially law wide latitude studies attitudes federal judges decisions opinions extensively analyzed judges decide case ways conservative southern federal judges resisted plans desegregate public schools judges background authorized bold plans greatest disparities judicial behavior found area sentencing criminals institution government including courts operates restraint fact judges elected immune public opinion views branches government important restraints vary case case broad course history significant restraint exists nature courts
beginning federal government regulated interstate air travel deciding airlines operate prices charge agency civil aeronautics board cab created desire help struggling civil aviation industry major airlines thought rightly level competition reduced members congress believed nation benefit financially healthy airline industry airplanes starting carry mail regulation especially controversial citizens care thought helping struggling airlines idea bill creating cab passed overwhelming vote result classic case client politics major airlines benefited greatly cab decisions rarely allowed airline offer scheduled service big cities restricting unscheduled flights serving small profitable communities established airlines protected competition allowed compete lowering prices air fares lowered cab convinced reduction unduly harm profitability companies airlines competed terms service meals flight movies cab justified policy claiming profits airlines earned heavily traveled routes york los enable maintain unprofitable service communities bangor maine lubbock texas cases client politics public scarcely noticed receiving airline service knowing prices charged higher regulation
depression began job providing relief needy fell local governments private charities sources primarily concerned widows orphans elderly systematic program supporting unemployed states provided kind help clear person fault economy suddenly ground standstill unemployment rate rose include fourth force private charities city relief programs nearly bankrupt election produced overwhelming congressional majority democrats franklin roosevelt white house immediately number emergency measures adopted cope depression supplying federal cash bail local relief agencies creating public works jobs federal auspices measures recognized temporary expedients unsatisfactory believed federal government permanent major responsibility welfare roosevelt created cabinet committee economic security consider term policies drew heavily experience european nations ideas american scholars social workers understood adapt proposals realities american politics chief widespread belief direct federal welfare program unconstitutional constitution explicitly gave congress authority set unemployment compensation age retirement program welfare program constitutional wrong violated individualistic creed help physically unable
policy entrepreneurs achieve emotional appeals appeals narrow interest rationale policy presented dramatic terms evoke powerful symbols public mind clean air pure water americanism sinister plots confiscatory taxes legislative administrative action based appeals cast equally bold terms strict standards stern penalties short deadlines success proposals depends arousing taking advantage popular mood kinds policies adopted depend kinds symbols respond symbols change generation atheists communists especially threatening forces largely indifferent groups earlier era citizens accepted high levels atmospheric pollution modern era low levels popular concern indifferent deaths coal miners caused dependence coal energy source deeply upset chance accidents caused shift nuclear power compelling symbol found advocates strict gun control able mobilize intense popular majority fact explained power national rifle association doubt group influential automobile industry local pharmacists american medical association groups lost decisively important issues unable cope powerful symbolic appeals mass media importance entrepreneurial politics especially key reporters editors decide give attention proponent policy
tempting sweeping judgment large activist government praising serves variety popular needs condemning bureaucratic affliction generalizations entirely empty helpful worth program collection programs assessed careful consideration costs benefits effects side effects discover general political consequences enlarged scope government activity government bigger members spend managing consequences intended unintended existing programs debating length ideas result parts government executive agencies bureaucratized white house office office management budget omb grow size influence staffs congress private organizations corporations unions universities deal government bureaucratic government hires running eighty programs concerned employment running token private employer hire give power complying eighty sets regulations complying government acting inconsistent uncoordinated cumbersome ways complain red tape bureaucracy stalemates confusion assume irritants caused incompetent seeking public officials incompetence interest government part character traits chief problem
concern rights conflicts rights preferred affect politics profoundly fact decisions influenced opinions rights decisions influenced opinions generally political system fragmented individualized result collective assertion rights sway ideas political parties strong congressional leadership centralized part nineteenth early part twentieth centuries access decisionmaking process washington difficult number ideas stood chance adoption small proposals command leadership support easily adopted powerful organizations say organizations say yes today institutions fragmented disarray individual members congress important congressional leadership political parties longer control nominations office media candidates direct access voters campaign finance laws restricted eliminated influence interest groups wield controlling money resources forming issue oriented lobbying groups easier today thanks capability computers direct mail advertising idea based institutions affect policy widespread enthusiasm idea especially political elites public large programs formulated adopted speed happened lyndon johnson society legislation proposed environmental consumer protection laws arrived public agenda campaign finance reform proposed wake watergate symbols powerful appeal consensus persists change
leading political scientist characterized politics requires refinement general definition points government focus holders power society ways achieve goals affect lives order refinement need spell fully included definition order live continuing basis achieve goals seek employ power ways affect lives words engage politics erect governments maintain order mutual goals promote general framework continue seek individual group goals live politics sense forego food love basic human needs desires politics activity define publicly seek goals means politics create maintain adapt context pursue goals defend gained course political activity serves purposes broadest sense term politics occurs individual group bringss resources power bear individual group institution behavior desires change interaction governmental bodies obvious possibility tenants withhold rent order induce landlord needed improvements building engaging political activity regardless seldom individuals employ political resources influence actions escape consequences political decisions
constructing political philosophy difficult impossible centuries reflection writing political theorists guide agreement respective followers analysis reveals remarkable consensus questions found essential face problems agree view intellectual issues involved classic categories central questions faced student politics seeking establish independent judgmental framework nature relationship society environment extent factual questions part simply assume answers answers frank expressions preferences assume human nature fundamentally human essentially cooperative rational creature governing processes designed maximize openness participation open process likely decisions assume ordinary selfish emotional likely pursue short range interests subject demagogues possess superior talents according assumptions strong government run talented maintain order justice society words series political conclusions preferences built initial assumptions human nature assumptions character society society respond change society term real meaning independent entity distinct comprising
conditions effectively define industrialized capitalist interdependence transformation interdependence means investment trade forms economic activity interwoven country prosperity depends health measure interdependence extent investment countries corporations banks direct investments loans billion abroad industrialized late increasing proportion going top ten multinational corporations foreign revenue amounted billion percent revenues leading american banks half assets abroad high risk loans countries half major banks profits derived international operations addition government billion overseas loans foreign currency holdings conversely foreign corporations individuals billion invested land industries stocks bonds securities investment industrialized capitalist countries form automobile electronics plants united states investment cash stock market government securities growing share total form investment wealthy elites farm land luxury homes safe treasury securities totals include sums directly involving american individuals banks corporations property touch larger totals loans investments countries banks corporations individuals multilateral organizations bank international monetary fund
political values fundamental beliefs hold wrong politics building blocks thinking political systems organized section discuss values major impact american political thought practice focal point political thought united states individual relationships values follow base individual basic unit politics political system erected individual benefit principal goals political providing suitable context individual pursuit satisfaction happiness principles government deduced assumptions required serve individual needs mid eighteenth century chief barrier individual attainment reason governmental power hands royal aristocratic authorities principal means ensuring individual opportunity firm set limitations power government resulted equally determined laissez faire hands approach role government society economy individuals rights part entitlement earth due solely virtue existence rights liberty person deprived granted due processes law hearing fair trial proper procedures property closely related essential liberty ability secure possession goods land includes dispose property control deal wishes
confined birmingham city jail recent statement calling present activities unwise untimely seldom pause answer criticism ideas sought answer criticisms cross desk secretaries correspondence course constructive feel genuine criticisms sincerely set want try answer statement hope patient reasonable terms think birmingham influenced view argues outsiders coming honor serving president southern christian leadership conference organization operating southern headquarters atlanta georgia eighty affiliated organizations south human rights frequently share staff educational financial resources affiliates months ago affiliate birmingham asked call engage nonviolent direct action program deemed readily consented hour lived promise members staff invited organizational ties basically birmingham injustice prophets eighth century left villages carried saith lord boundaries home towns apostle paul left village tarsus carried gospel jesus christ corners roman compelled carry gospel freedom home town
law comes forms constitutional statutory provisions regulations ordinances court decisions law originates variety institutions legislatures administrative bodies executives courts accumulated social practices serves variety functions resolution fundamental constitutional questions disputes engaged managing thousands routine economic political transactions individual corporations governments generally associate law judicial branch judicial system subject chapter author noted discussing trial courts enormous sums money transferred court actions court settlements author federal courts appeals play active policy making roles economic disputes private sector course supreme court obviously plays major policy making role american political economy matter turn courts level engaged political process determining chapter discusses judicial system lowest levels traffic court rarefied atmosphere supreme court speak judicial branch mean simply supreme court begin major visible judicial institution american system describe known equally important policymakers federal judicial systems major function judiciary dispute resolution american context resolution process participants alternative methods examined conclude analysis major role federal judicial systems administration criminal justice
stage legislative procedure referral standing committee committees chamber number standing committees divided according subject area agriculture armed services table pp lists committees congress house speaker refers bills committees senate majority leader performs function cases evident committee deal bill complicated controversial measures conceivably fall number categories environmental issues house committees energy commerce public works science technology interior depending perceives intent bill similarly bill meet warm reception committee bills referred multiple committees sections referred separate committees order avoid advantage jurisdictional disagreements standing committees event measure referred committee consideration action committee chair refers measure subcommittee narrowing subject area expertise closely jurisdictional considerations present chair choosing subcommittee crucial subcommittee body consider measure practical purposes consideration crucial rest process depends large measure subcommittee measure measure reported subcommittee committee committee floor
war powers act resolved questions history inform affect presidential initiative control foreign policy military means presidents ford carter reagan involved military ventures administrations report congress willing fully acknowledge constitutionality war powers resolution case evacuation americans cambodia vietnam mayaguez incident abortive iranian hostage rescue attempt troops involved matter days situation marines lebanon president reagan administration posed troubling questions troops situations imminent involvement hostilities clearly circumstances president maintained marines peacekeeping capacity regularly reports congress reports specifically cited acknowledged war powers resolution provisions congress increasingly concerned presence casualties mounted constitutional crisis loomed november compromise reached congress essentially gave president eighteen months find solution president clear regard compromise agreement inhibiting presidential powers consistent positions previous presidents february congress considering resolutions regarding lebanese situation war powers resolution functions controversy war powers act interpretations act provisions remain solidified clock begin run hostilities questions arise phrase president carter attempted rescue hostages iran secret operation stalled desert explained prior nonconsultation congress necessity success operation
white house office part executive office president executive office composition varies depending prevailing national problems presidential character composed approximately agencies directly answerable president groups office management budget council economic advisers national security council obviously greater consequence approximately personnel change administrations executive office policy staff personal staff key units executive office office management budget omb carries responsibility president prepare federal budget director carries weight appointment confirmed senate omb staff reviews annual budget requests executive departments agencies addition reviewing legislation agencies recommend congress critical form presidential control agency effectiveness depends appropriation statutes pertain policy area agencies private backing influence congress push legislation omb refuses part president program occasional end runs omb effect tell president current strength interest group accomplishes underestimated agencies executive office notably council economic advisers united states trade representative council environmental quality help presidents abreast economic trends cea sufficient impact members face confirmation hearings agreement
budget act changed fiscal october september congress full president january proposals fiscal begins figure overview budgetary process created act obviously beginning end budgetary process set proposals wending process executive agencies congressional authorization committees busy preparing enter circle months prior president budget message novemeber office management budget submits current services budget csb congress budget assumes intended give congress base real proposed budget president proposed budget attention csb meantime executive agencies submit requests coming fiscal omb exception department defense agencies difficulty defending individual budgets omb tends cut budgets seldom encourage expansive spending congressional side authorizing legislation passed full fiscal funded discussed chapter governmental activity processes authorization appropriations order considered appropriations activity authorized prior beginning budgetary process activities submitted budget appropriations committees president budget order included budget resolution
technically president proposes initial budget congress submits budget tables compare budget totals detailed targets fiscal proposed institutions noted standard fashion presidential version house version senate version finally conference committee version conference committee version likely adopted budget figures remember numbers billions dollars difference reagan revised april request billion dollars conference agreement billion billion dollars generally house targets highest senate targets tend larger president conference agreement unsurprisingly falls congressional budget resolution resolution legislation subject presidential veto president veto appropriations revenue bills passed order implement resolution course presidents threatened veto implementing legislation order influence budget set resolution ten process institutions appeared working deal friction produced budget fiscal timetables missed government run continuing resolution period budget imposes pressure force resolution smooth administratively objective process budgetary process fraught politics legislation dennis ippolito points federal budget doubt political document widening economic social impact recent decades magnified political importance
saw analysis poor population chapter suggested strongly combination reasons limited education skills part workers limited job availability low wages part economy income minorities women elderly prominent population point government called government programs lack resources poorer levels social pyramid government things help income levels section sort role government income distribution comprehensive manner familiar distribution income fifths families basis analysis let start basic pattern income distribution accomplished private economy add activities government table start income fifths ranged table show thresholds relationship remains numbers change worth noting average income family shown row lower uppermost income category families category lower edge brings average private economy distribution considered highest nearly half income poorest barely receives income tax payments added highest group pays larger share poorer groups pay lower shares taxes receive proportion national income
stark reality individual taxpayer increasingly tight family budget higher taxes higher prices constant claims governmental waste fraud especially administering welfare programs understandably troubled resentful easy persuade tax burden due chiefly welfare governmental waste easier targets price increases specific blamed defense expenditures public socialized accept security california conservative groups played feelings affluent chief beneficiaries tax cuts proposition type chief losers tax reforms eliminated loopholes thirds tax savings california corporations apartment houses commercial property individual homeowners provided strong support proposition cutbacks public services apply chiefly welfare programs funded largely federal government effect cutbacks felt budgets schools police fire protection health recreation services lower class middle class initially surpluses treasury cushioned impact businesses principal beneficiaries antitax campaigns leading sponsors instances corporate financial support combined popular energies bring reductions government expenditures limitations revenue raising final category popular movements fundamentalist religious groups history groups simultaneously advocate traditional religious values laissez faire economics vigorous anticommunism supported wealthy individuals frequently millionaires groups maintain highly visible radio television presence enjoy substantial popular followings
late early pressure change united states values developed young emphasized egalitarianism humanism participation fulfillment wide variety individual activities contrast materialism nationaliism conformity support economic political status quo elders sharp values known counterculture young counterculture join left intellectuals trade unionists sustained left political movement parallel pressures generated growing women liberation movement pressed change reached deep personal relationships public roles women potentially basic societal values movements ultimately provoked vigorous backlash form loose coalition interests seeking restore values government practices conditions apparent return cold war military preparedness period give group greater prospect success obvious interdependence international domestic affairs means events overseas spark economic social tensions home developments serve generate massive pressure political system deflect powerful pressures obvious source restructured domestic relationships war immediately perceived threat war small festering war distant place korea vietnam likely create social divisions exacerbate tension left promotes economic inflation
scenario assumes major depression develops economic conditions remain troublesome inflation remains threat unemployment rises percent class consciousness stays low radicals irrelevant pose threat terrorism create need surveillance concern threats nuclear war continue major land war fought western hemisphere short basic conditions create major dislocations leave established elites entrenched trend lines inescapably meaning pressure continues build continued success corporations depend government assistance point actual direction society turns government employed help corporations generation technocratic liberals forward looking businesses desire ultimate result corporatism term means integrated system business government labor act partnership run country principal benefit business needs capacity shape actions government lessens significantly government employed help corporations unprecedented systematic manner economy decline pick speed inflation increase heights unemployment climb results inability compete successfully economy business determination cut costs bone relative soon suffer steady reductions standards living tensions races classes groups rise ultimately general chaos ensue
number nineteenth century naturalists darwin wallace traveled extensively observations living things especially impressed diversity plants animals found oceanic islands figure darwin wallace paid meticulous attention smallest details observations spent darwin case thoughtfully analyzing data observed analyzed concepts emerged working independently darwin wallace developed set ideas known theory natural selection plausible explanation process evolution darwin publish completely documented statement theory book origin species book dramatic effect biology entire intellectual theory natural selection based observations set conclusions drawn observations developing theory darwin wallace pointed organisms able reproduce rates lead enormous increases population sizes species despite vast reproductive potentials population sizes nature tend remain fairly constant darwin wallace noted considerable variability individuals species variations advantageous terms survival proposed individuals possessing beneficial characteristics likely survive succeed reproducing gradually organisms possessing favorable characteristics greater proportion population period entire population modified pointed environmental conditions changed sets characteristics favored process move direction
young zealander recently graduated university zealand wellington traveled cambridge university england continue study physics ernest rutherford son wheelwright entering center physics cavendish laboratory cambridge begin professor thomson discoverer electron beginning rutherford distinguished leader field receive nobel price chemistry retrospect greatest contributions science received prestigious award rutherford colleagues manchester university actively exploring atomic structure bombarding thin sheets metal foil alpha particles studying deflection particles bounced atoms passage foil atom thought diffuse cloudlike positively charged mass electrons embedded rutherford colleagues surprised noted small percentage bombarding particles bounced foil striking dense objects majority particles passed foil discovery rebounding alpha particles led rutherford conclude mass atom concentrated central structure nucleus alpha particles bounce concluded electrons orbit nucleus largest part atom volume space electrons located calculated diameter nucleus hundred thousandth part atom diameter
team biologists diving deep water research submersible coast san island bahamas reported discovery red algae growing meters surface sea figure discovery thought plants live depths greater meters light penetrating depth dim support growth appears dim light reaching deep sea realm caribbean provide red algae energy sustain algae living things require supply energy energy capacity vital living things cells organisms order live cells forms chemical carried large molecules small molecules cells constantly engaged transport actively moving material plasma membranes animal vital requiring processes breathing heartbeat digestion continue animal rest active movement requires additional energy plants move place place perform types including chemical transport fact kinds cease organism homeostasis maintained cease clear depends continuing supply energy ultimate source energy earth sun radiant energy star bathes planet figure portion sun energy trapped plants microorganisms photosynthesis
important products derived bark trees commercial cork comes primarily bark cork oak quercus suber large tree native western mediterranean layers bark trees chestnut europe hemlock america wattle australia tannins preparation leather animal skins cinnamon related spice cassia bark species trees laurel family cinnamon bark cut tender branches small strips twenty hours cutting outer corky bark removed bark phloem curls dries forming roll cinnamon bark called quill bark ground familiar fragrant powder cooking baking kinds bark exploited products bark cinchona tree dramatic impact human affairs cinchona bark source drug quinine pronounced country united states called quinine effective treating widespread disease malaria greatest killer history today malaria afflicts hundreds millions killing million malaria caused protozoan plasmodium spp spread bite female anopheles mosquitoes effectiveness treating malaria cinchona bark highly prized early seventeenth century jesuit priests living peru learned natives area extracts bark local tree cure malaria bark ground fine powder mixed water produce bitter highly effective malaria remedy
stomach storage organ hold liters material cases humans eat large meals periodically spend rest activities stomach storage organ muscular walls contract vigorously mix food gastric secretions secretions stomach glandular secreting cells stomach wall continues physical breakdown begun chewing churning mixing contents stomach thick soupy consistency mixed suspension food gastric secretions called chyme stomach lining cells secrete mucus lubricates food mixed mucus forms protective coating stomach lining prevents stomach damaged secretions glandular cells stomach lining stomach rest digestive tract called mucosa taking characteristic mucous coating secretory cells stomach lining secrete hydrochloric acid hcl lumen internal cavity stomach making stomach contents acidic ph acidic environment kills living cells food bacteria microorganisms food acid erodes loosens food material exposes surface area facilitating digestion low ph level stomach effectively ends activity salivary amylase functions optimally neutral ph saliva low ph environment favorable enzymes secretory cells stomach lining secrete protein enzymes collectively known pepsin function low ph levels
importance water processes maintenance water balance vital living things organism water balance body fluid compartments quantities water water loss environment equals water gain environment regulation ionic composition body fluids interrelated maintenance water balance addition ions specific functional roles ions body fluids contribute osmotic properties organism solutions osmotic ionic problems faced animals living environments marine invertebrate animals body fluids isotonic seawater live animals tend gain lose water osmosis tonicity terms hypertonic hypotonic isotonic specifically describe situations water movement caused living things osmotic pressure differences chapter marine invertebrate animals carry ionic regulation ionic composition body fluids similar identical seawater words marine invertebrates body fluids total quantities ions seawater concentrations individual ions magnesium ions concentrated inside invertebrates surrounding seawater body fluids lobsters tenth seawater table ionic differences vitally important cells function ionic environment specific ionic content body fluids carefully regulated marine invertebrates problems ion homeostasis tendency ions diffuse regions higher concentration regions lower concentration body surfaces permeable ions
vertebrate skeleton support body attachment points skeletal muscles vertebrate skeletons kinds tissue cartilage bone cartilage bone consist cells surrounded matrix extracellular material produced cells cartilage bone firm supporting tissues differences matrix material give properties cartilage figure rubbery tissue fairly firm support degree flexibility bone rigid support development vertebrate embryos cartilage makes skeleton vertebrates notably sharks skates rays cartilaginous skeleton vertebrates cartilage embryonic skeleton gradually replaced bone subsequent development adult humans cartilage remains flexible structures ears nose tip areas bones lie adjacent movable joints form padding bone occurs forms spongy bone compact bone figure spongy bone composed latticelike network tiny bars irregular spaces bony bars hollow cavities inside bones bone marrow bone marrow replacement blood cells develop adult vertebrates compact bone solid spongy bone stronger support sites shafts longer bones body compact bone consists structural units called haversian systems haversian system concentric layers rigid bone matrix material large amounts calcium salts calcium phosphate calcium carbonate concentric layers arranged central haversian canal blood vessels nerves pass
ancient records alexender invaded india saluki figure clearly recognized distinctive breed dog earlier records form pyramid pictures egypt dating clearly show dogs physical characteristics salukis fact older records sumerian civilization flourished middle east picture dogs salukis saluki oldest recognized breeds dogs history dogs desirable characteristics bred enhance expression features offspring selective breeding resulted establishment breeds dogs descended similar types wild dogs selective breeding dogs continues breeds established recently american kennel club recognize belgian tervurens figure breed separate closely related belgian shepherds story domesticated dog stories concerning selective breeding plants animals thousands selective breeding performed understanding underlying mechanisms characteristics living things passed generation generation sexually reproducing organisms parents contribute traits offspring genetics branch biology deals inheritance characteristics known concept heredity transmission characteristics parents offspring known nature genetic processes basic laws heredity reported prevailing idea heredity notion blending
chromosome mammals carries genes powerful effect sex determination intriguing gene borne chromosomes identified gene directs synthesis specific kind protein molecule antigen present membranes virtually cells male mammals females antigen play role determining gonads developing embryo testes ovaries determination hormone differences body parts develop male direction chapter details process addition role commitment maleness developing embryo presence antigen male cells female cells lifetime ways undetermined question sex chromosomes interested biologists males manage dose genes present chromosomes sex linked genes females apparently double dose sex linked genes question turned unexpected answer apparently cells females functional chromosome ago barr observed consistent difference nondividing cells female male mammals including humans females small darkly staining mass condensed chromatin present nuclei males comparable spot chromatin nuclei darkly staining spot female nuclei called barr body sex chromatin body mary lyon british geneticist proposed barr body represents condensed inactive chromosome genes expressed cells females genes chromosome expressed
amnion called amniotic sac originally encloses amniotic cavity space embryo body later amniotic cavity spreads enlarges enclose line space developing fetus remains development amniotic fluid secreted amnion cells fills cavity lubricates surfaces lubrication prevents delicate tissues sticking cushions developing fetus absorbing shocks mother moves quickly bumped later stages development fetus drinks inhales amniotic fluid fluid bathes linings mouth nasal passages skin chemicals diffusing fetus amniotic fluid change characteristically development proceeds cells sloughed body surfaces float amniotic fluid samples amniotic fluid provide valuable information progress development genetic biochemical characteristics cells fetus technique called amniocentesis amniotic fluid samples withdrawn analysis needle inserted directly amniotic cavity amniotic fluid analyzed chemically fetal cells recovered cultured genetic analysis growth sufficient quantity cells takes weeks approximately forty genetic problems biochemical deficiencies detected amniocentesis unfortunately amniocentesis performed sixteenth week development performed safely months pregnancy later stages saw earlier cleavage blastocyst formation occur week week implantation continues uterine lining cells heal surface implantation site reorganization cell mass produces layered embryonic disc end week primitive streak develops mesoderm development begins
hans dreisch showed ago cleavage cells sea urchins considerable developmental flexibility left develop cleavage cells produce pluteus larva separated experimentally develops half sized normal pluteus biologists demonstrated early cleavage cells number organisms means tested ability regulate development separation sea urchin cleavage cells developmental flexibility direction embryos embryo obtained beatrice mintz colleagues removed zona pellucida membrane encloses mammalian embryos early development cleaving mouse embryos mothers oviducts embryos cell stage allowed fuse single cluster cells fusion resulting embryo cell cluster organize single embryo uterus foster mother development proceeded mice develop embryos called tetraparental parent mice embryos fused coat color genotypes results fusion observed examining hair pattern mice birth mice coats mosaics patches colors clear proof cells embryos survive fusion technique participate development single mouse clement markert robert petters fused mouse embryos produced sets parents coat color genotype fused embryos transferred uteruses foster mothers mice born coats mosaics coat colors
early soviet biochemist oparin proposed organic molecules produced inorganic constituents primitive atmosphere presence energy source lightning sunlight stanley miller provided support oparin ideas ingenious experiment figure miller mixture resembling probable primitive atmosphere methane ammonia hydrogen water closed reaction vessel exposed electrical spark discharges week end period miller discovered variety amino acids organic acids produced number scientists conducted similar experiments mid shown wide variety biological molecules generated energy sources ultraviolet light electrical discharges lightning undoubtedly acted earth primitive atmosphere promote syntheses table results consistent oparin original proposal early oceans contained considerable numbers organic molecules early oceans resembled dilute soup broth formation soup constitutes phase called chemical evolution phase involved joining molecular building blocks yield polymers polypeptides polynucleotides polysaccharides molecules relatvely unstable synthesized gentle conditions action chemical condensing agents polyphosphates polyphosphates readily formed capable aiding formation complex polymers polypeptides polynucleotides suggested reacting molecules concentrated surfaces clay particles concentrating effect favor polymer formation macromolecules subsequently coalesced form small droplets polymers aqueous matrix
gnetophytes division gnetophyta unique gymnosperms xylems tracheids vessels gymnosperms tracheids xylem gnetophytes joint firs genus ephedra obscure shrubby plants genus welwitschia remarkable plant grows extremely dry deserts southwestern africa figure short stem grows large shallow cup leaves grow huge spreading welwitschia leaves grow bases continually replace tissue worn tip constant flapping wind welwitschia plants live hundred obviously adapted harsh environment conifers division coniferophyta widely distributed economically important group plants provide wood building paer valuable products including extracted resins resins waxy substances dissolved turpentine oldest largest trees conifers figure bristlecone pines pinus aristata nevada mountains known number coastal redwood sequoia sempervirens trees california meters tall tall coastal redwoods giant sequoias sequoiadendron giganteum greatest mass living trees famous big trees california belong species trunks meters diameter pine cycle conifer history pines heterosporous types spores develop separate types cones cones highly modified sporophylls called scales sporangia borne scales
phylum arthropoda includes common familiar animals spiders scorpions crabs lobsters insects familiar creatures arthropod literally means jointed foot possession jointed appendages important characteristic phylum members largest animal phylum million named species species animal phyla plant divisions combined addition hundred thousand undescribed species arthropods evolutionary success arthropod phylum story diversity arthropods live variety habitats land fresh water oceans habitats requires wide range specializations common features unite arthropods group addition jointed legs arthropods exoskeletons called cuticles composed primarily chitin chitin polymer nitrogen carbohydrate units exoskeleton secreted skins cells remains attached skin forming tough protective body armor muscles attached exoskeleton movement pulling contract movements arthropod exoskeleton single hard shell number rigid plates connected softer flexible hinges joints figure diverse arrays muscle bands running directions arthropod body permit complex range movements hard chitinous exoskeletons provide general protection soft body parts constitute crunchy deterrent attacking predators exoskeleton impermeable water helps maintain water balance significant arthropods habitat occupy crucially important terrestrial arthropods helps retard evaporative water loss urgent problem faced land animals
amphibians special reproductive adaptations partially circumvent problem frogs carry developing eggs fluid filled pouches backs young proceed metamorphosis quickly emerge tiny frogs ready live grow terrestrial environment possibly unusual reproductive pattern frogs seen australian frog carries developing young stomach eventually spits fully developed young frogs page main amphibians expansion terrestrial habitats limited dependence water modern amphibians live borderline aquatic terrestrial environments class amphibia means double accurately describes history divided habitats fossil evidence suggests reptiles arose amphibian ancestors suited land figure reptiles fully terrestrial animals complete entire cycle terrestrial environment internal fertilization lay eggs protected leathery shells enclosed cleidoic boxlike egg reptile embryo develops sheltered environment supplied water nutrients required development figure extraembryonic embryo membranes develop embryo provide nutrition exchange gases diffuse shell storage metabolic wastes accumulate development membranes amnion sac fills fluid private pond embryo develops reptiles thick scaly skin keratin protein helps skin impermeable water important water conservation urgent problem terrestrial animals
mean week girl called polly flint saw angel strangest thing field pick flowers tired started spin round round whirled arms outspread soon dizzy fell sideways grass lay face upturned sky queer roaring head saw angel tall giant tongued flame swiftly hair streamed close rushing wind polly elbows watch wings bristling bare feet touched grasses stir polly flint softly goodness gracious brilliant singing green green bright angel shine bear closed eyes opened lay eyes closed wondered meant dreamed angel fields wondered straight home told saw angel field minute ago alice making bread plenty noise thumping angel mam saw field tall flaming ooh beautiful polly alice
confusion alice asked leave tom hospital polly sobbing home sad night bad tom live worst hurt moment move legs polly fiercely told believe tom tall strong lank stride legs lay slow grin altered bit tried think legs lying useless iron cage promise look alice try stop getting low polly agreed days ran errands laid table asked helped look tom pigeons ted door familiar sight tumbling sky sheer comfortableness blinked purred warm straw polly spent hours talking dad going tell throw corn fear won catch dad spending flat mam says says nature pigeons gaze roundly nod heads rate polly knew understood
polly sat listening ruthless ticking clock hall longing bedtime kind alice polly later saw bed strange place trifle favourite remembered feel half guilty haven seen mean lonely think likes polly likes think re going bother don say cried alice consternation weeks weeks months months saying think mam polly dad says say think tomorrow won think wonderful hospital father alice slowly inclines wonderful laid flat stir step sees wonderful mam clung tears clung helpless laughter eyes dried sleep alice stood window nice view em says maypole oldest england centuries says yes polly word knew felt maypole aunt em tell lips tightly buttoned secret thought mine ah alice drew curtains tomorrow polly giggled weakly mam daft course tommorrow
sitting dinner table benny mother father older sister eloise benny chewing crisp brown drumstick favorite foods trying shut hears conversation going family talked conversation bored heard say things million times father chairman west ashton connecticut planning zoning commission hartley talked terrible slums blacks puerto ricans lived carried discussions monologues pros cons tearing buildings rehabilitating bit ended saying pretty fast benny knew awful tenements families living complaining couldn father talk dinner table night boredom mrs hartley mother chairman local committee planned parenthood upset population explosion believed families wanted children adopt born rattle exact figures prove twenty food feed alive benny found ominous reports enormously depressing couldn statistics warnings going ladies india china babies
didn think baseball felt waste american buying selling players big leagues benny wanted american baseball game forget real big worry mind soon turned set remembered sinking feeling tomorrow start bussed school parents natch course started thing leaders campaign pressured school board start bussing kids white middle class school outskirts city suburbs town poor area black puerto rican families lived kids school thing pain neck happy school friends liked teacher ball field play afternoon poor area dump rarely part city trip bike school looked looked awful gloomy big red stone building built hundred ago lot unfamiliar black kids fenced yard playing field trees lawn truth benny scared
benny nervous excited mother worry didn friends quickly boys shy boy white friendly show prejudice laughed aloud mother didn creepy dream joke claude asking home claude hated puerto ricans whites benny decided mother certainly want home claude telephone chance school watched big yellow bus familiar white children heart dropped felt abandoned strange land claude cheerful face told forget put bus mind walked houses falling streets shabby dirty overflowing garbage pails exciting neighborhood sidewalks crowded children playing women sitting stoops gathered groups baby carriages wonderful smells strange foods floated stores odd fruits vegetables piled outdoors benny hungry claude deftly flipped quarter fruit sellers past stand scooped apples laughing gave benny benny liked liked rapid singsong spanish speech puerto ricans liked faces blacks special talking sure beats live benny thought street cars drove going
lived live ozark mountains unspoiled hills rising hollows watered valleys part everyday scenery western plains grandparents abide geography live garnerings earlier think buffalo range prairie lies westward paw paw lee age depends mood lays claim memory turn century frontier spin yarns concerning days true ozarker slow movement action respectful superstitions religions loyal family land land wound heart leave maw maw copy paw paw aunt sorrow grandfather telling big windy related tale jean ladeau frenchman desperate reputation roved mountains valley streams band quapaw indians skinning deer plunged rusty knife palm developed blood poisoning indian friends left trail die jean found lee cabin aunt sorrow beginning career nature physician bedded outbuilding covering layer blankets straw blankets pile feet thick poured boiling water added pounds mineral salts hay chaffings jean steamed pudding
petifers sat storm potato house bigger actually buried cyclone cellar ada province makes handsome quilts tribe goats loves set sick book read word god believes letter husband holtie disposition crops laid early sit porch hat pulled low occasionally wandering hunter fisherman roam hollow known blue ash holtie waywards skip meet snagged boston sure person disappointed describe encounter friends home holtie idiot countenance lipful snuff keeps clean wears shoes tobacco graceful lean fair fine clear brow steady gray eyes large intentions seldom carried believes superstitions hears mourning dove spring believes travel direction sound mesh wire stretched roof house whipporwills call housetop death house cash assets petifers hardput produce dollars rub debt trading store pioneer gap
sure roots fella partly dry person needs sweat turn trick hurry plant help cold don try taste scald mouth poison dried doctored sorrow plants oddities bountiful managed wisely give confidence god luckabills persuaded sorrow stayed night give paw paw maw maw worry dovie shoot won stayed don show dark suppertime sorrow fully recovered fall seizures dizziness headache looked sick thinking hookey met death merlie bud paid sorrow money owed ate bed big windy mine luckabills swayful grandboy put appearance merlie bud dovie finishing evening meal thought age males generally rush tell affairs minutes want impress superior energies sense luckabill bat brick
school friend andy goes grandmother house stay sue goes father shop care school remember mom told job downtown hate leave josh need money won earning pay sitter handle worried mom staying easy hard days mom helped ready doors locked don let house don tell re calls tell busy message stay gas stove added mom list phone numbers need taped wall number top numbers grandma aunt mary miles neighbor emergency number fire police red mom helped practice showed lock unlock front door gave house key brass ring real key gave miles key number brought note teacher telling reach mom office
raining hard school waited cars children stood umbrellas raincoats andy grandmother sue father waited crossing guard hurry hurry drenched put spelling paper cap dry ran rest home carefully put key door turned door didn open tried didn open knew miles door help wanted unlock door pushed hard door flew open inside house quiet locked door fast took wet clothes straight phone call mom okay asked sure answered hundred spelling test news say bye call baseball cards started playing suddenly front door bell rang didn answer rang peeking curtain saw didn pounding door making sound sat floor rubbed luck stone yellow paper slipped door package mom pick post office
pilgrim thanksgiving play mom didn stage grandma miles took pictures nice house school easy homework quiet talking friends telephone chance things mom bed garbage set table supper mom says big help tuesdays andy house school mother mom picks andy comes house saturdays mom home play ball park moms today girl becky class home looked scared matter asked mom dad stay key asked becky pulled key string neck hidden shirt won live asked pointed walked waited opened door call mom told okay answered took smooth white stone pocket
waldo dressed fair put tie street met homer fine tie waldo homer red mine tie gold stripes waldo tie stripes homer agree waldo homer street homer waldo waldo dressed park picked cane oak gold handle street met homer fine cane waldo homer oak gold handle mine cane green stone handle waldo cane stone handle homer agree waldo homer street homer waldo tie cane times makes feel bad waldo dressed art show put coat brown velvet green cuffs gold buttons street met homer fine coat waldo homer brown velvet mine green cuffs gold buttons mine coat gold buttons coat waldo
wake shawn mom called tugged sheets grandpa shawn flash put shorts shirt shawn sat front steps waited grandpa shawn saw grandpa car drive dashed steps jumped car set shore asked grandpa let shawn waved mom dad shawn loved seashore liked splash warm waves liked find fish water rocks shawn loved hunt seashells grandpa shawn called shell picked grandpa put shell ear hear sea grandpa handed shell shawn hear sea asked shawn put shell ear yes hear sea want visit shops grandpa yes let shawn want present mom dropped shell sand held grandpa hand grandpa led shawn street shops shop saw ships inside glass bottles shawn grandpa ships bottles mom shop saw kinds shirts shelf shawn shirt
live tess tess takes takes rides bike takes park children takes picnics tess ball games chase balls fun fast tess ball game forgot shut gate ball game tess game sat bench children liked big sandwich gave watched pitcher pitch fast ball started dash catcher ball batter missed fast balls sit saw tess bat pitcher pitched ball tess hit hard shot ball park saw ball chased watched land ditch full water splash feet ditch jumped ball ran park gave ball tess children benches cheered waited tess tell bad send home didn gave big hug game chuckles glad
val brother james stopped wild animals val wanted slide show bees yelled brother let inside miss fox find seats relax begin helen fox beekeeper explained feel free speak show slides female bee began miss fox kind gardens zigzag buzz blossom blossom takes sweet drink works pollen sticks fuzz brushes pollen pockets hind legs bee takes pollen hive feeds bees biggest bee slide queen explained miss fox mother bees hive job eggs feed clean bees care boxes beehives miss fox hive lives queen lots bees help inside hive frames bees fill wax slide shows frame inside hive bees form wax sided shapes explained miss fox queen bee drops egg bees thick sweet liquid store hive miss fox told
fletcher front porch banging screen fletch father called kitchen don wandering want home dark going mike fletcher called jumping steps leap re fixing shed mike horse mike wilson lived road mile side pine forest fletcher liked mike lot hated pine forest fletcher walked side road forest stopped stared daytime thick branches pine trees dark deep forest darker fletcher shivered stuffing hands pockets started walking fast dark branches swinging breeze hands fingers reaching grab fletcher walked middle keeping eyes road front walked faster faster fletcher saw mike standing front porch mike wilson fletcher pal fletcher told pal scared pine forest let mike lots dark shed full things clean papers broken boards cans bottles boxes trunk mike fletcher disagreed fletcher tried move trunk mike mad started yelling
fletcher ran path road dark started walking fast kicking stones muttering mad mike saw dark pine forest sides road home stared dark forest clapped hands ran kitchen dad call mike asked saw father dad fletcher mike pal important tell fletcher hate pine forest think fletcher told mike king simon loved sing liked call songbird kingdom liked singing wanted tell king simon singing awful queen dora begged holding ears king squawks chicken sings tried tried stop queen loves sing luck ideas lad king simon fun bubbles sing soap bubble pipe watch need king lifted pipe puckered lips lad hundreds bubbles air king simon watched bubbles float sunshine
birds feet birds number toes birds claw tip toe perching bird toe hanging birds toes front going tree trunks scratching birds toes rake swimming birds feet paddles birds eat fish meat big toes claws grabbing drawings kinds bird feet seen hot main street victor cat tito going park tito liked tag victor feet tito fur soft purr deep hum victor liked tito crowds street victor tito sat bench curb rest watched coming going sailor past dressed white shirt pants want sailor victor tito want stand ship watch color waves want watch sea gulls want tito fresh fish eat tito liked fresh fish purred rubbed victor arm actor past victor tito shining silver cape black top hat want actor victor
caterpillar critter read steps cut bottom egg carton strips strip caterpillar paste thin strip paper rim side lots cuts paper legs turn caterpillar feet color poster paints pens colored paper add stripes hair spots sides top egg cup curl short strips paper pipe cleaners feelers add eyes bend thin strip paper ends meet paste ends neck collar caterpillar critter awful bird want lunch whee yelled teresa kitchen today monday holiday mom park visit big stone bear want bear clay teresa mom gave milk egg muffin yes teresa lunch teresa street park loved watch squirrels play tag loved sit bench feed birds loved visit big stone bear hill morning teresa sat front big stone bear shaping clay worked hard bear wanted
today birthday bear teresa wanted rest park show teresa smiled bear yes glad show don act bear kids bear park scared stone bear walked teresa walked grass lake teresa tossed sticks water bear jumped swam kids saw teresa bear smiled dog kids petted fur bear wagged tail teresa showed bear rest park saw small white dog white dog hid legs big dog behaved big bear teresa lunch teresa big stone bear walked hill thank teresa bear birthday teresa picked clay bear walked home corner turned waved stone bear hill teresa sure smiling teresa bear park think bear liked birthday
max lived wall television station night waited program home jack manager television station leave max waited hear lock ran stage max danced sang stage night cartwheels handstands ran home wall morning today important max birthday fine celebration think invite friends party max cards invitations invitation joey twinkle albert velvet rascal permission birthday celebration wore party hats played games danced sang lot fun friends asked max juggle plates plates air ears feet tail nose max dropped single nearly morning friends thanks wonderful party thank max making wonderful celebration jack morning angry left camera night yelled saw max birthday party tv screen perfect program television home jack left note midnight juggler
clara sat backseat mercedes staring window front seat father sister discussion television twenty miles actors fools sister deanie saying tv series idea re big superstars show hear deanie father deanie paused laughed forgotten remember single father laughed clara leaned forward stuck head bucket seats planning television show deanie glanced surprised find clara clara father clara watched face rearview mirror interested eyes road game show abruptly needs deanie sighed game show called clara paused think deanie thought doctor mash mclean stevenson clara slapped sister shoulder talking re supposed interrupt talking talking pausing pauses allowed speak dad don mind hit tv show clara making deanie
deanie clara father supper howard johnson clara ordered fried scallops father saying wait till island order seafood likes tacky seafood deanie politely cut steak small pieces fried batter don care inside deanie turned chair anyway heard dad heard don real scallops anymore hard catch real scallops catch stingrays cut round pieces cookie cutter marcia father read magazine scallops clara tell maybe deanie spearing piece steak fork maybe clara stared plate sudden distaste known fact bothered food rumors bought hamburger earthworm scare stopped drinking bottled drinks woman georgia found mouse wouldn eat hot dogs fear choking rat hairs suddenly occurred deanie tricked ordering scallops order ruin supper wanted steak deanie look woman scallops look delish clara ordered scallops deanie believe steak
tell pipe island saying visit don want miss let shaped indian pipes creek indians lived boy interested john writing harbor end sister tells mall mcdonald condominiums marinas filled marsh eighteen hole golf course sound progress mother smiled looking forward island drew isolated circle land air hands remote staying house friend arrangements end island won worry condominiums won bothered fishermen hear began move objects purse pulled lipstick thing ma powerful current running pipe island swimming watch kind current absolutely ocean smiled don want swim sister tells re shallow water swells drowned summer sister terrible
john slept supper troubling thought hit opportunity deanie clara going snoop suitcase afternoon sitting looking magazine thought felt writhing snail turned shell concerned privacy mother believed parents respect children property absolutely written entire column deanie clara obviously respected felt fallen hands creatures longer governed human values night wore imagined girls ruthlessly tearing suitcase pulling article look clara cry asthma pills whinny horse deanie deanie laughing hard able speak cry waiting hilarity let wears fruit loom underwear sat straight bed mouth open shock manuscript listen clara cry runny nose ineffective deanie answer put hand forehead thought words words written care thought words read aloud idiots bear
john watching clara fake rock front volcano eyes space cyclone exit john felt knew depth clara misery understood space cyclone spent moving event watching mechanical apes square dance going sea pink submarine riding huge sombrero bulls sang ay yi yi yiiiii miserable john saw clara straightened stood person didn hold eyes narrowed john felt pocket misery individual crater moon abruptly watched wary eyes animal burrow invaded considered fools miserable felt kinship clara hungry refused eat course eaten wanted mother wasn saw wolfing hot fudge sundae give knew fun look anyway hunger pangs
ahead sea beckoned tide going waves lapped backward cat tongue breeze sea grass traced circles wind girls don delores called door beach house won mommie deanie clara tiny voice girls hear delores called louder moving steps girls paused edge dunes cabbage palms scrub pines cast short shadow clock deanie smiled waved heard called won started walking deanie smile faded getting tired pairs designer jeans watch night playing charades clara shook head float trailed soft sand acting close encounters kind dear delores close encounters leaning dad breathing acts wanda jeanine raye high school stupid clara suddenly deanie looked surprise brought re stupid grades grades clara flat voice listen finally figured feel stupid queen england stupid walter cronkite stupid pope stupid
john mother sat plastic sofa office coast guard cushions stiff uneven sat edge seats unwanted guests cup cold coffee mother hand forgotten desk waiting radio deanie father leaning forward hand eyes shielding light shoulders hunched stiffly thin shirt deanie twisting hair say deanie asked garbled message radio father leaned forward wasn daughter sir answered kind voice find ship alert fishing boat contacted helicopters searching area gotten hours look sir tides paused let soon hear waited expected move remained hunched miserably desk room delores sighed absolutely bear think clara flimsy raft terrified think john answered tersely voice lowered real dread ocean admit feeling swimming don creatures
john standing window watching boats coming bay masts sharp darkening sky feel sad told deanie clear car fierce sister allowed feel grief met family conditions actually thought don qualify knew clara week scared looked animal feel bad terrible actually window reflection room clara father desk trying put call clara mother past half hour sam changed neat controlled picture despair thin hair stood wire clothes untucked eyes red swollen delores sat sofa arm deanie patting shoulder deanie things needed response real clara dolls alike christmas broke mine dressed clara doll clothes thought doll broken tell doll perfect delores deanie tears ran unnoticed delores blouse turning darker color going play piano pieces grandmother clara knew piece
explain thought delighted home thought leap start packing explain clara home running clara run wouldn didn run don want home terrible thing broke vacation terrible won terrible stay makes sense deanie stood want home home paused lamplight watching clara going change mind re going stay don tomorrow re going crabbing tomorrow night re going sort patrol watch sea turtles laying eggs beach waited sighed tell wonderful news deanie living room bring clara decision announced wants stay answered sounded clara john voice think mixed lot ways john imagine discover missing imagine saying clara miserable mind
days fled water wind held leaves aloft sky dragonflies war peace buffalo lived sweet grass sky filled birds colors songs air blue earth green thing rested forest leaves fell slowly fear birds leap flight cats awoke wild flowers changed colors amuse anpao twin brother oapna spent traveling search destiny winter village high mountains lived invited spend cold days comfort young brothers accepted gladly poor hungry searched hard wisdom vision success beautiful girl lived village young looked stop music beat blood hundred white deer sleeping sun blanched meadow forehead beautiful flowers eloquent antelope proud young wanted marry tried speak love want husband beautiful young miserable looked face
look oapna anpao shouted moon beautiful tonight ugly oapna agreed careful talk moon understand contrary words angry oapna oapna enthralled glorious light white globe danced black sky simply silent ugliest thing seen shouted dark think seen moon looking ugly careful oapna brother begged talk moon suddenly night dark anpao trembled ring light taking shape help cried darkness anpao reached embrace brother find ring light vanished anpao discovered called oapna reply grass beautiful hill turned black fire raged darkness night moonless sound distant splashing striped face woman river called brother reply looked sign oapna gradually moon reappeared bright star anpao sat hill stared moon star
ah clucked woman waddling pecking leaves washed strand tiny island matter flightless friend girl friend sun living sky tried escape return unfortunately succeed succeed moon angry ah sighed woman squatting comfortably leaves understands moon reasons wishes wishes child child sun child girl moon forever frightening children hope child sun gave mistress care problems moon anpao exclaimed impatiently care brother want easy woman sadly moon feared run escape strikes lie dead forget brother turn home dare enter lodge moon seen moon fear seen afar seen true face woman whispered foolish sternly
sat lake combed hair put ornaments shell stone neck slowly age retreated face beautiful moment sun dawning caught sight beautiful woman fell love woman feel warmth sun shoulders smiled renewed hope finding stood started dawn previously woman vainly run dawn able touch today easily footing rays sunlight began run upward sky dawn woman dying alive beautiful met sun stayed child named anpao woman sun anpao lived seclusion moon wife sun discover husband human wife lived clouds blue floor luminous roof earth sun mother asked mother mistress tipi young woman tipi
morning anpao awoke tormented hunger cautiously tipi woman frightened stayed snatch bit food woman wise leave ran mother side tugged offered food respond wept ate lady returned tipi night delighted anpao fresh footprints aha murmured happily child son woman left food child reach home night food trace child footprints tipi aha escaped let going capture marvelous child wondered sat fire listened owl listened cricket eventually thought plan early woman lay floor tipi close poles sides lay silently finally heard coming holy woman understood things aha whispered human coming watched door soon beautiful child curious scar face crept tipi
moon leaps black tree leers terrible vacant eyes throws disguise swan woman suddenly white wings explode crystals frozen light bastard boy dying feel death inside body hatching million tiny eggs going wretched mother howls anpao falls stumbles groan grappling blindly clutching fierce wound face staggering feet moon tosses blazing crystals ah cries desperately hurtles steep hill yelling frantically plunging terrible sight falling falling stinging trees plunges forest nettles collapsing edge bubbling yellow river calling lost brother night turns orange scarlet purple black kyi anpao groaned awoke eyes close sat horror suddenly flock yellow birds leaped air rush wings fierce wind blew quiet fire cold camp entirely deserted anpao found woman sky hazy void moon sun oapna remained curled motionless dead fire oapna changed unimaginable thing
brother tried comfort anpao managed carry fireside begged rest let sick boy realize frightened finally closed eyes looked astonishment younger brother sobbed quietly light fire stripes gradually covering body sleeping boy night younger brother anpao rest sick brother whimpered continually awakened hysterics begged cast lake forget terrible night morning resolved matter hard journey valley rocks boy sickness worse elder brother walk legs turned thick green tail covered scales boys travel taking turns carrying shoulders home cried climbed ragged rocks home slowly painfully lake formed waterfall cascaded cliff help water boy urged put ask won bother promise put water
holy shaded eyes eagle feather peered anpao swollen leg began brushing swollen flesh feather gathering evil terrible sore skin anpao calf took hollow animal horn hand stone knife carefully cut evil put horn cut began suck times sucked wound spit palm quickly tossed fire times fire leaped angrily consume poison shouted holy shook head slowly held hand amana palm tiny knot tangled black hairs amana saw hair knew exactly anpao leg woman sorceress cried anpao spite ah cured woman die die bee die stings worry sorceress home reach camp anpao
bit anpao admitted hmmmm foolish looking creature seen person giggled afraid bat possibly afraid anpao muttered annoyance ugly ah bat philosophically matter yes bats ugly true don think prettiest disagree subject think dangerous ugly stupid creature think anpao felt embarrassed ugly bat obviously wise true bat continued considering tone kind handsome tall bats dispute afraid things ugly think beautiful dangerous think berries toadstools handsome poisonous ugly things matter ugly things busy ugly don bother let give heard anpao barked talkative bat sorry admit mistake true dangerous foolish afraid
anpao tribes honored urge marry daughters settle greatly respected anpao wisdom competed honor feasting stayed feast coax anpao tell marvelous tale journey anpao recount adventures thank hosts graciously anxious continue explain friends marry settle found lodge sun fulfilled promise ko ko leave today anpao urged chief village anpao lingered days tonight celebrate victory scalp dance miss friend beautiful girls wish honor stay celebration anpao agreed night celebration brought handsomely dressed villages immense fire built women rejoiced roaring light flames victory songs sailed plain girls danced circle fire carrying scalps poles show bravery brothers counted coups battle scalps young women joined hands delicately stepped circle young feathered bustles precious strands fur braided thick black hair danced inside ring formed girls
summer ground groaned water trees recoiled ferocious glare sun dazzling face burned wound sky thrashing clouds dust turning heavens blue white anpao living cross timbers stranger moccasins clothes women pitied gave food young admired anpao provided shelter clothing unmarried outsider left anpao alien hunter anpao young friends told brother hunting grounds lands show buffaloes told give pair moccasins food supplies help mountains continue search sun hot don want responsible brother happens tell give pairs moccasins food carry show buffaloes interest making journey searching sun spending days anpao sullenly
stop stop shouted anpao stop let friends show strength mercy turtle crawled terrible water anpao faltered looked young frantically beat shell turtle sobbed screamed horrid voices help anpao exclaimed hear fell screamed wailed arms touched turtle glistening shell stuck fast glowed fantastic heat fell bodies glistened white coals shrieked pain pleaded help anpao watch die younger brother whimpered quickly quickly save anpao lost run find father destroyed anpao leave chased turtle sand soft feet began sink ground shouted yelled struggled forward quicksand able move feet soft mire sucked yelled young brother slowly turning white gray silver anpao moaned backed escape quicksand poor friends raised arms waved frantically trying give courage young brother gasped breath feebly raised arm gigantic creature stepped murky water
sorry friend anpao told chief sadly sing dance coming terrible coming celebrate sickness death greed coming delay meditated asked power saved collect hurry listened fear quickly forgot admiration anpao treated disrespectfully poor boy danger assured going happen sitting heat laughed holy tell danger anpao insisted trust order believe laughed crazy poor scar face anpao convince matter looked beautiful village glorious forest mountains filled happiness laughed notion famine death perfect
american indians teller stories weaver designs threads personal saga history designs traditional hands weave stories ancient indian designs passed generation borrowed tribe tales invention born words threads weaving mine stories belong tales knows originated recent coming experience indians white invaded country bringing industries horses firearms sadly diseases unknown america stories known authors exist river memory surging images rich meanings place generation tellers told intermingled space separate book represents single tribe stories drawn northern plains region upbringing narration anpao comes directly native american heritage invented sense fiction invented writer
case upper cowlitz story coyote appears melville jacobs northwest sahaptin texts reprinted version complete original text short perfectly demonstrates kind language results direct transcription oral literature basis seeing story version stories property author belong entire santee dakota charles eastman wrote indian boyhood early indian boy assumed task preserving transmitting legends ancestors race evening myth true story deed past narrated parents grandparents boy listened parted lips glistening eyes evening required repeat apt scholar struggled task rule indian boy listener memory stories tolerably mastered household audience alternately criticized applauded odyssey anpao simply shapes ancient task preserving transmitting indian stories order offer wider audience completed anpao read elder indian friends asked thought white able grasp written
big hand clock hand clock bedtime frances mother bed father bed frances want glass milk father mother glass milk frances drank milk carry room father frances father piggyback frances father carried piggyback room father kissed frances night mother kissed frances night frances sleep teddy bear father gave teddy bear frances sleep doll mother gave doll night father night mother kiss frances yes mother yes father kiss frances father kissed mother kissed closed door door open frances father opened door night mother night father night frances frances sleep closed eyes sleep began sing song alphabet apple pie bear crocodile combing hair dumplings frances singing trouble end alphabet
father kissed mother kissed frances bed finished song closed eyes sleep frances opened eyes looked saw big dark giants big dark thought maybe giant think giant think giant wants living room mother father watching television tea cake frances giant room watch television mother father frances giant wants cake father gave frances piece cake father wants frances giants father don ask wants frances room giant want giant took look giant chair bathrobe bed frances tired close eyes looked ceiling crack ceiling thought maybe crack thought maybe bugs spiders maybe lot skinny legs dark father brushing teeth
asleep frances stood father side bed quietly head quiet quietest thing room quiet father woke sudden eyes wide open umph frances moving curtains sleep father listen frances want curtains moving frances wind job father night wind blow curtains wind job frances job father office morning clock job sleep wide awake school tomorrow job frances father finished wind blow curtains job office job sleep happen job frances father spanking frances father night frances room frances closed window bed suddenly noise window heard bump thump
afternoon late springtime bell tunstall moat house heard ringing unaccustomed hour forest fields river began desert labours hurry sound tunstall hamlet group poor countryfolk stood wondering summons tunstall hamlet period reign king henry vi wore appearance wears today score houses heavily framed oak stood scattered green valley ascending river foot road crossed bridge mounting side disappeared fringes forest moat house holywood abbey half village church stood yews side slopes crowned view bounded green elms greening oak trees forest hard bridge stone cross knoll group collected half dozen women tall fellow russet smock discussing bell betided express hamlet half hour drunk pot ale saddle daring dismount hurry errand ignorant forward bore sealed letters sir daniel brackley sir oliver oates parson moat house master absence
boots sir parson bennet unseasonable talk nay master bennet ye due place bennet answered priest mine innocence consideration lose poor error witness clear matter moat house errand clock sir oliver hatch interrupting stop sermon means goffe sound horse tucket sounding bennet moved close bewildered parson whispered violently ear dick shelton saw priest eye turned instant startled glance thought sir harry shelton natural father word countenance unmoved hatch sir oliver discussed awhile altered situation ten decided reserved garrison moat house escort priest wood meantime bennet remain command reinforcement master shelton choice loutish fellows dull unskilled war dick popular resolute grave age youth spent rough country places lad taught letters sir oliver hatch shown management arms principles command
sign beseech voice charity tell straight holywood beseech boy comfort poor soul peril extreme distress set repose path windmill answered dick tone bring till ferry inquire turning head fell eating tail eye caught glimpse young lad called master john stealthily creeping room thought dick young boy doth call known seen varlet hanged ere told goes fen pull ears half hour later sir daniel gave dick letter bade speed moat house half hour dick departure messenger hot haste lord risingham sir daniel messenger ye lose honour sooth fight began morning ere dawn beaten van scattered wing main battle standeth fast fresh tilt river sir knight ye stands credit nay cried knight march
thought struck heathy clearing yards matcham touched arm pointed eastward summit dip valley passing side heath ground rusty unscoured buckler dotted sparingly yews dick saw half score green jerkins mounting ascent marching head conspicuous boar spear ellis duckworth person gained top showed moment sky dipped farther side dick looked matcham kindlier eye true jack asked thought ye party matcham began sob cheer cried dick saints behold ye snivel word ye hurt sobbed matcham ye hurt ye threw coward abuse strength nay fool talk dick roughly title windac master john basted ye ye obey matcham half thought stay seeing dick continued scour full tilt eminence looked shoulder soon thought began run turn
awoke grey morning birds full song twittered woods sun eastern sky barred solemn colours half starved weary lay moving sunk delightful lassitude lay clang bell fell suddenly ears bell dick sitting holywood bell clanged nearer hand drawing nearer nearer continued sound brokenly abroad silence morning nay betoken dick broad awake walking returned matcham bell tolleth moves dick wherefore maketh tunstall woods jack added laugh ye hollow sound nay matcham shiver hath doleful note bell quickening pace began ring thick hurried gave single hammering jangle silent space bearer run paternoster leaped river dick observed beginneth pace soberly forward added matcham nay returned dick nay soberly jack
hatch showed sun brown pallor anxiety dick learned fate selden fell stone bench fairly wept sat stools doorsteps sunny angle court looked wonder alarm ventured inquire emotion nay master shelton hatch nay selden hands brother follow knave rhyme black arrow black heart appleyard selden smith humphrey lieth poor john carter crying poor sinner priest dick gave ear low window hard talking groans murmurs ear lieth asked ay porter chamber answered hatch bear soul body bitterly odds step lifted thought wend methinks soul suffereth priest crieth sir oliver wot cometh shrift poor appleyard poor selden dick stooped window looked cell low dark wounded soldier lying moaning pallet
dick blowing lamp attract attention led stairs corridor brown chamber rope fast frame exceeding heavy ancient bed detached dick taking coil window began lower slowly cautiously darkness night joan stood rope lengthened dick continued pay extreme fear began conquer resolution dick deep essay infallibly fall dick delicate moment operations spoke dick started remainder coil slipped grasp end fell splash moat instantly battlement voice sentinel cried goes murrain cried dick paid rope cried recoiling ye shelton swim moat desert dick gasped strength mass shent shouted stamping foot hearing steps ran room door sought close shoot bolt strong arms thrusting side
town sound asleep moved streets easier follow party observation link bearers single cloak blew wind rear brought archers bow arm moved brisk walk threading intricate lanes drawing nearer shore hath night direction asked dick whisper night running master shelton returned capper hour small end secret sir daniel outskirts country shoreby open town lancastrian lords lay strong guard main roads enter depart unseen lesser streets open country lane sir daniel abrupt end stretch rough noise sea surf audible hand guards neighbourhood light quarter town dick outlaws drew closer object chase presently houses farther hand aware torch drawing direction
st bride cross stood shoreby skirts tunstall forest roads met holywood forest road risingham saw wrecks lancastrian army fleeing disorder joined issue hill shoreby point junction summit knoll crowned ancient weather beaten cross morning dick arrived cold earth grey silver hoar frost began break east colours purple orange dick set lowest step cross wrapped tabard looked vigilantly sides wait road holywood gentleman rich bright armour wearing surcoat rarest furs pacing splendid charger twenty yards clump lances halted soon view trysting place gentleman fur surcoat continued advance visor raised showed countenance command dignity answerable richness attire arms confusion manner dick arose cross stepped bank meet prisoner
mile forest place ways met grove lofty contorted oaks narrow horizon falling snow spot fail recognised lawless evidently recognised delight master richard proud guest gentleman birth christian offer cup wine fire melt marrow frozen bones lead answered dick cup wine fire nay round lawless turned bare branches grove walking resolutely forward steepish hollow den drifted quarter full snow verge beech tree hung precariously rooted outlaw pulling bushy underwood bodily disappeared earth beech violent gale half uprooted torn considerable stretch turf lawless dug forest hiding place roots served rafters turf thatch walls floor mother earth rude hearth corner blackened fire presence large oaken chest fortified iron showed glance den burrow digging beast
lady permitted dick blushing peony kissed hand ails ye face fair sir inquired curtseying ground dick length tepidly embraced joanna added sweetheart backwards eyes warrant met ready black blue wench trust black blue continued ye sayings speedily dismiss paladin cried night young separated early supper asked young lady supper nay sure cried joan forgotten hide dick put arras shut chest ye return fair lady added bear mind sore bested look face night forward till die young lady melted bell summoned sir daniel household board dick planted stiffly wall place division tapestry permitted breathe freely room
returned dick strange web ye woven hour prisoner judge ye threaten days deprecate anger methinks ye true priest ye fear detest prayers obey needs burthened company priest uttered sigh heavy touched lad sentiment pity bowed head hands borne weight care joined longer psalms dick hear beads rattle fingers prayers pattering teeth grey morning began struggle painted casements church put shame glimmer tapers light slowly broadened brightened presently southeastern clerestories flush rosy sunlight flickered walls storm clouds disburthened snow fled farther breaking merry winter landscape sheathed white bustle church officers bier carried deadhouse stains blood cleansed tiles ill spectacle disgrace marriage lord shoreby
straight town supposed route sir daniel spying signs decide streets strewn dead wounded fate bitter frost pitiable gangs victors house house pillaging stabbing singing quarters rode sounds violence outrage young shelton ears blows sledge hammer barricaded door miserable shrieks women dick heart awakened seen cruel consequences behaviour thought sum misery acting shoreby filled despair length reached outskirts sure saw straight broad beaten track snow marked summit church faster rode bright eye fallen horses lay track relieved wore sir daniel colours faces lay recognised half town forest plainly assailed archers corpses lay pretty closely scattered pierced arrow
horses finished small store provender fully breathed fatigues dick command fire smothered snow wearily saddle remembering late true woodland caution chose tall oak nimbly clambered topmost fork look abroad moonlit snow forest south west dark horizon stood upland heathy quarters joanna met terrifying misadventure leper eye caught spot ruddy brightness bigger needle eye blamed sharply previous neglect appeared shining sir daniel camp fire ago seen marched consideration announced neighbourhood lighting fire longer squander valuable hours direct uplands miles length crossed deep precipitous dingle impassable mounted sake speed dick advisable desert horses attempt adventure foot ten left guard horses signals agreed communicate case need dick set head remainder alicia risingham walking stoutly side
morning lord foxham leading ward dressed befitted sex alicia risingham church holywood richard crookback brow heavy cares crossed path paused maid asked lord foxham replied affirmative minion added hold face favour looked sourly ye fair tell dowered offered brave marriage face parentage lord duke replied joanna grace wed sir richard asked harshly marry lord lady night sir richard let tell plainly die sir richard ask heaven lord die sir richard wife returned joanna look ye lord gloucester turning lord foxham pair lad services gave choice favour chose grace drunken shipman warn freely stout besottedness dieth favour lord assured impertinence mine loss quoth rood cried alicia
ten climbing red cuillins isle skye leaving broken engagement broken heart sylvia fallen college lecturers divorce lot money house roving hands nearly age twenty kind opposition careless cheerful didn care lived died climbed maniac climbed genius red gabbro rock cuillin grips boots sandpaper feel climb vertical wall fly july sun warm thin worn shirt felt invincible wasn flight space wouldn think sylvia anymore wakened morning thought glorious sudden death song sing evenings thought paraplegic cabbage wheelchair prisoner rest occurred david harry steadied harry cheerful lad game climber didn give thought occasional attacks asthma david slow funny
nearest pub stooping suddenly gutter front door held light solitary remaining streetlamp fifty pence piece gave ten pences pennies trebled capital minute afford breakfast place look pub drunk fumble bus fares home drop coins find bus stop shinned wall pub olympic athlete silent plimsolls returned pressed thirty pence hand drunken relieve explained spent rest night fiscal tour balloch incredible found pound notes blowing smell money dark dog smell rabbit say drunks friday night forgotten climbing isle skye staggered tent dawn richer pounds seventy pence spent twenty pence chocolate machine found raring money head side thoughtfully later fond
concerned think cia kgb shook head going millionaire things warning stood pulled nightdress head bed warmth overwhelming body rebelled happened warmth comfort fallen asleep fully awake dawn awake lay looking strangely thought panic girl meant safe month triumphant voice planned remembered black widow spider eats mate afterward put nightdress ghosted wemyss known scottish battleship arise say prayers st john knox breakfast point going detail happened months bought large motorized caravan cash illegally glasgow car lot sussed caravans joan sussed dealers volkswagen devon joan knew dealer hundred pound bribe
aah shut face blackham loud hear wished hell horrible silence blackham turned slowly say son couldn open mouth dadda requested shut face flight sergeant blackham blackham looked baffled wasn stupid knew frightened trap yes kit distinctly heard honorable skipper request nicely shut face sergeant blackham gentlemen turned yeah billy reasonable doubt matt indubitably mad paul blackham feet heave mob scattering dadda sat laughing poke dadda squadron lost blackham noise drumming fists knives forks tables thunderous flight lieutenant townsend word groupie smiling smile pure ice groupie hero bagged jerries war didn single synchronized vickers gun froze sky famous smile anyway put arm round dadda shoulders held perfectly fatuous conversation stirrup pump fire buckets flight office mess hall gave loud snore groupie looked wise lad finishing eggs
lovely lad confirm blackham grabbing cheeks fingers thumbs gave didn lovely lad ah going nail thee quits tha tell young lady ah roasted bastards slow fire sick flying jacket sorry blundered debriefing hut light heat noise viking feast heard yorkshire tykes vikings beginning dawn starting break runways parked wimpeys pencil scrawls lavatory wall meaningless garbage ungrateful thought dadda brought home miracle glad tomorrow night going anyway wasn home airfield sitting burning cockpit gehlen sounded age gehlen stopped gehlen faulty gramophone record keeps needle jumping place repeating bugger germans british flew miles high load petrol explosives didn real difference flew
shut kit dadda sniggering war kit going oxford going true form shoe shop clitheroe maybe ask weekend war rt says dadda voice sharper edgier fiddle knobs yes glowing dials comfort glowing city ants live ant palaces ant cinemas blackham wimpey newer charlie wireless op seat harder edged colder crate send modification yes kit jumpy makes course corrections wave rendezvous cromer celebrates noisily fact pinpointed cromer pier shut kit snarls dadda kit lot run tonight comedy act working engine note keeps changing matt making heavy weather getting engines synchronized sea billy tests guns think seen night fighter hell sorry skip turret blackham blackham blast managed gun nash turret fitted wimpey lancs halley bags blackmail gunnery officer sleep gunnery officer missus wouldn put past blackham rest put gun rear turrets
groupie barrel expecting hear offer including waaf eyes standing chapel hat pegs threaten news base morning mind wouldn want groupie injustice pas de war effort think saw kind problem rubbed lmf names put crazy crazies exist met air engineer london leave tours lancs lie bed try trim toenails revolver crazies hooked destruction re clean horizon coming groupie private sanctum closed door blower tell didn welcome woken maybe butcher harris bath night say butcher plays bombs bath admirals play boats couldn hear groupie end conversation properly tone hell butcher bright idea tell sudden change groupie tone moment later told dadda crew bit kit possessions load charlie depart crack dawn
trembling house hand flat roofed stood starkly amidst acres lawn shamed wimbledon known wingfields mission control furniture stainless steel teak full edges sharp corners dug cruelly thigh stone cold sober peter frequently amble minutes end finally asked sharply matter complain looking comfortable place sit angela biddy fault knew babbled happily husband peculiarities roger bought book german erotic lovemaking inches thick bedside consulted peter shopping angela absent picked coal scuttle shopping basket halfway round shops noticed stories gleefully received stored husbands evidence lunacy dined husband turn lay wait test peter thrust cobwebbed soil covered object roger nose say roger prehistoric piss pot laugh roger retaliate attacking peter wonder science dragged home specially research labs chipped device taking blood pressure fingertips
eureka pulled cubic cushions cubic settee pushed hand crack think pulled tiny tangle cloth metal sharp points wretched piece knitting beginnings scarf gray maroon angela heard odd sound looked biddy face white eyes staring knuckles held mouth grabbed arm love smell ordered biddy angela aroma woman overpowering aunty lou whispered biddy leaving things led angela tiptoe drawer cubist room divider smell wrinkled dirty knitting pattern scarf dated ends gray maroon wool endless wrappers mentholyptus sweets tightly screwed finding week morning roger knew crazy leaving shouted angela leaving deliberately sucks mentholyptus sweets knits biddy hopelessly began cry angela finally calmed gathered evidence handbag home peter look face burst haunted mansion wrath god
tactful thought martin wry grin grave humor thin gruel feed human heart epitaphs console notice preponderance odd names canzo frederick canzo william ewart canzo joshua canzo betyl morsk especially drogo cropped drogos buried crypt church rest put funny odd names died met canzo betyl morsk drogo wednesday morning amazed hear phone ringing end church ran eagerly arrived breath person rung sheila rectory tell lunch ready moment hard teaching st margaret church help st austin friars yes didn say funeral wait let find diary pencil ah martin practically gabbling idea actually change speaking undertakers deceased william henry drogo yes friday morning march martin glanced shoulder mowbray calendar wall today wednesday
martin leapt feet knocking chair thud faith cried didn fool making fool birth certificate dear girl disappeared hall returning moments later certificate hand passed martin rage fear perfume soothing hands trembling unfolded paper roughly tearing fold frail yellow celicia margaret drogo born july william canzo drogo margaret drogo betyl want parents marriage certificate asked drogo gently want mind absolutely satisfied coat shouted martin half hoping wish drogo added easier granddaughter perfectly clear helped canon maitland things clearly gave canon maitland contented lost shouted martin regrettably want coat try stop celicia help coat fingers gentle pleading nape neck running car
planned carefully march worked actor friend called larry harper stayed rectory overnight glad tall thin fair martin donned martin rector garb huge pair horn rimmed spectacles gave sheila fright walk living image martin lope practicing mimicking nearly laugh round grapes left university thirty sheila suit hat driving car delivered martin talk pages martin written convincingly martin tremendous round applause fumbled impromptu question badly put earned exhaustion university dreamed seen real martin williams tower st austin friars morning creeping cobwebbed dewiness graveyard sergeant muncaster constabulary summoned phone nasty hints black magic activity churchyard waited uppermost parapet tower hidden saw ten twenty overcoated mufflered figure phillips walked leisurely churchyard unlocked main door ten twenty began toll bell
closed front door headlights turning end front street lit clocktower gothic detail bright sharp pin panda constable hughes hughes getting flicking torch briefly monument sergeant nice switched personal radio heard hughes reporting oldcastle police control ref telephone complaint front street report damage persons present continue visit half hourly intervals quacked aggrieved female voice ten hughes forbidden american impersonation panda oozed quietly turned left coast hughes half hour darkened houses front street biddy sitting window biddies sergeant nice experience didn need sleep vigil end hours smooth loping run wearing plimsolls black sweater dark gray flannels hard run legs stiff curled round chair tension hair standing backs arms head guerilla camp borneo seen scared viking forebears left broad shoulders arms ginger hair struck trough terrible blow rim
realizing happened parents trying hard calm reasonable child missing girl stupid father apologized minute wasn didn look frightened ashamed angry carelessness looked front street think hope don mind bothering silly mean england discover sir asked sergeant nice terror speak slowly ponderously sound real plod bike crash coming beach friends thought kids larking mob cousin michael stray timid thing kids questioned knew enthralled motorbike picking bits orange plastic souvenirs sergeant nice glanced watch slyly process pretending fold arms fifteen minutes lost child child bawling head stupid parents noticed missing
haven kind money susan thirty pounds camera saved pocket money holiday told suddenly clocktower sergeant nice running running cut child laid hands stereo run past clocktower past rim horse trough cut ran past saw fleeting ghost stereo gloom glimmering ephemeral sunk halfway stonework pulled sharply sight unable believe eyes staring bottom horse trough empty dust lolly sticks clean charlady swept seen clean stand madam child clear spite ridiculous tourist gear policeman voice quickly passed safe distance sergeant res couldn sure damage ten pounds plastic explosive funny stuff slightest tremor ground dropped big sack potatoes pavement tiny piece rim horse trough fell road tinkle sergeant nice picked sharp edged cold fit neatly hand
mama live don september daddy left haven heard mama didn money stay house move small apartment city knew moved mama church sang songs learned afterward ate homemade cakes drank lemonade home shook hands asked felt safe happy daddy left didn anymore mama cried lot cared care mama told care wouldn listen mama couldn find job drank mean hit wasn bad mama room couldn felt scared lonely didn home school mama wasn looked couldn find woman stopped talk sarah hawkins dog sam live upstairs visit anytime want bring mother okay told getting dark inside mama wasn home
mama fell asleep sofa covered blanket bed supper morning mama sitting kitchen table hungry mama breakfast answered tried pour milk spilled yelled father mama grabbed belt hit hard covered face arms don hurt mama cried didn mean mama didn mean tried hug pulled don tell left school okay teacher asked didn answer school nurse took office happen asked nurse saw marks legs arms didn tell beat whispered mother didn want cry couldn help wasn bad mama hit anyway fault nurse mother problems handle maybe find help today nurse took lunchroom breakfast nice thought maybe talk mama waiting school put arms forgive darling
lady mrs jones lived cat mog mrs jones baker shop tiny town bottom valley mountains morning mrs jones light twinkle houses town early bake loaves buns jam tarts cakes thing morning mrs jones lit big fire dough water sugar yeast put dough pans set front fire rise mog early catch mice chased mice bakery wanted sit front warm fire mrs jones wouldn let loaves buns rising pans don sit buns mog buns rising nicely getting fine big yeast makes bread buns cakes swell bigger bigger mog allowed sit fire play sink cats hate water mog didn loved liked sit tap hitting drops paw fell getting water whiskers mog look sides legs socks face ears tail marmalade colored
matthew home school saw mother sitting porch steps mom mom called running path ask minute mother want show matthew mother house hey cried hall mess dining room worse look living room matthew gasped happened house mother sat sofa gave big sigh today ladies literary league met lunch parakeet perched mrs parker piece peach pie pecked pastry kitten climbed corner cabinet crashed mrs carter coffee cup mrs french found frog favorite hat fainted dog dragged dad dirty dungarees dumped dining room doorway snake scared mrs smith showered shrimp salad satin sofa hamster babies inside mrs higgins hand beaded handbag lizard leaped mrs lester leg lunch landed lap fishbowl fell fantails flopped mrs franklin fruit punch rabbits ran room ruined mrs richard report restful reading parrot screamed pipe pest poor mrs pepper poetry chickens chased charming books children chairperson chinaberry tree mother leaned gave sigh
brightly put ad class newspaper miyo class newspaper ready printed month sections news stories science sports book reviews small section ads miyo thought lincoln fit nicely ad special wrote wanted nice home friendly rooster understands japanese added hurry urgent miyo included phone number drew picture lincoln trying look friendly newspaper friday miyo proud ad interested lincoln told liked story botts school custodian retiring soon written say custodian school botts retiring mrs botts going creek plan grow vegetables raise chickens botts luck home miyo ran botts thanked writing story botts home night read class newspaper cover cover page saw miyo ad lincoln tami called mrs botts happened japanese rooster understands japanese mrs botts laughed
afternoon home school say hello mom check benjy brother grab apple run upstairs drop schoolbag bed silly gerbil petey banging juice crazy glass sides cage makes song happy clinks clunks night daddy says comes kiss sleep racket real truth sleep friendly noise maybe building fancy nest cedar shavings shredded burlap put running dizzy exercise wheel prying open sunflower seed paws tiny sharp teeth washing funny mouse face grooming funny mouse tail hears knows sound voice stops sits hind paws looks bright brown eyes put hand cage whisks afternoon home late ice skating beginning dark room
going sleep bedroom tonight announced emma asked zachary mess emma night rumbles night rumbles asked zachary sure emma friend noah says night says soon furry things legs live closet whiskery shadows corners room arm lives bed tries grab jump bed seen asked zachary emma shook head going sleep asked zachary backyard emma tent tent exclaimed zachary loved sleeping tent bugs grubs wild wolves afraid bugs grubs emma wayne protect wild wolves tent lot corners boxes closets chairs toy chests things hide mess zachary nodding mess agreed emma began pack things uncle elliot poked head door going emma going sleep room tonight zachary night rumbles furry things legs live closet whiskery shadows corners room arm lives bed tries grab jump bed
later emma moved things tent zachary help moved sleeping bag martha mouse pillow moved lamp pencils pens paper books bag nuts eleanor cactus emma waited nighttime ate dinner early tent night rumbles room zachary took twenty minute shower left soggy towels cold puddles floor emma took bubblebath lost herd plastic animals marbles suds nighttime night emma uncle elliot sure won scared emma won scared lonely asked aunt evelyn don want asked zachary emma wayne remember bugs grubs wild wolves called zachary emma padded tent quiet peaceful tent wayne fell asleep snorting wheezing bit emma read chapter book ate nuts watched stars tent flap closed eyes emma woke start zachary climbed inside tent dragging sleeping bag asleep yes emma sorry scared bugs grubs wild wolves zachary wanted sleep tent
pretended librarian told stories showed pictures boys girls helped find books checked storybooks read imagined airplane fly space fly stars moon planet planet times wished robin pretend lot fun things nice pretended strange began happen robin didn neighbors moved street sandy benny twins sandy robin class school benny grade class asked room sandy schools don want twins school robin invited neighbors ice skate benny couldn sandy thought skaters sandy eyes open wide leaped spun star afterward hot chocolate robin sandy decided start club sandy president robin vice president secretary robin stopped school morning didn asked
stories lot checkers board games played play board game need board pieces move board need game played need object game need happen order win game stories similar things tell story author needs setting characters plot setting story board game played setting place story happens setting important story game checkers played board meant game story girl wants sleep tent backyard place big city backyards need board play game stories need setting wanted play game discovered lost pieces play board game pieces need pieces moves game happen author tell story characters characters things story happen characters story don story characters animals robots trees flowers
ivy examined rock running fingers cool surface tracing white band think find sure look carefully ivy looked week couldn find leo looking friday discouraged guess lucky leo emily tried cheer don need stone lucky sure help ivy friday emily worried maybe leo ivy won thought wish found lucky stone maybe bad luck charm luck charm afternoon class spelling test ivy leo missed word emily ivy help lucky charm leo nodded emily didn think stone getting hundred test speller didn want argue wanted friends saturday emily visit grandmother eve lunch walk beach grandmother house sun sand glint wind whitecaps waves walked quietly grandma looking sea glass shells emily searching lucky stones gran stones lucky don find emily asked grandma thought minute
yagua puerto rican vegetables fruits grown trucks truck water adan mother father hola jorge look wet adan father feel wetter wonderful feeling yagua feeling father mother liked jorge grown puerto rico telling adan yagua days si letter corral viejo yagua days adan father read letter news brother ulise wants mami adan visit finca weeks puerto rico added thoughtfully adan replied mother ask brother care bodega adan meet family mountains adan clapped hands puerto rico cares rain jorge smiled maybe yagua days hasta luego gocen mucho tio ulise met airport ponce welcome puerto rico adan stocky uncle ulise tiny blue eyes round red face big strong arms adan excited plane ride hugged uncle ulise harder uncle ulise hugged drive corral viejo winked adan father sorry didn arrive yesterday
small island large harbor lived fisher daughter named samantha called sam reckless habit lying sailors home sea tell stranger stories sam ships harbor curious cargoes giraffes gerbils claimed wonders sam sam mother mermaid knew dead sam fierce lion home baby kangaroo actually wise cat called bangs sam bangs talk wanted sam sam sam believe bangs yawned shook head ragged rug doorstep chariot drawn dragons early morning sam father left fishing boat hugged sam hard today change talk real moonshine moonshine spells trouble sam promised washed dishes beds swept floor wondered meant asked bangs explain real moonshine bangs jumped shoulder purred moonshine flummadiddle real opposite sam decided bangs sense sun golden star cracked window sam knew expect thomas thomas lived tall grand house hill
jeff daniel brothers lived cabin mountain tennessee jeff knife carve things wood dish cup spoon jeff want carve animal henry pettigrew henry pettigrew lived valley jeff daniel met seen woodcarver tennessee animals looked real birds looked fly horses looked run want carve animal daniel re jeff told yes daniel carve knife wood takes knife wood jeff animals hard answered daniel let father gave daniel knife jeff block wood winter nights sit fire carve jeff going spring fair spring fair valley meet winter show sold traded things winter nights father moccasins fair mother cut pieces cloth sewed quilt
sure bow spirits want warrior special blanket woman added tepees talk think spirits asked held doll tightly heart looking doll valued possession spirits want knew council fires died tepee flaps began close small girl returned tepee slept wait night distant sound night bird red wings soon tepee asleep ashes tepee fire stick glowed took quietly crept night ran place hill spirits spoken shaman stars filled sky moon spirits warrior doll thing family died famine valued possession accept gathering twigs started fire glowing firestick small girl watched twigs began catch burn thought grandmother grandfather mother father suffering hunger
maurice room measured steps direction distance floor ceiling times higher maurice window maurice windows piece sky middle ceiling dangled string kind tie packages laundry attached end string dried octopus newest addition maurice collection mother father walked room wasn octopus swung breeze maurice ladder climb high tack string ceiling ladder leaning wall returning klenk janitor building borrowed maurice steps shelves maurice father henry put dozen shelves room maurice things maurice knew walk room stepping friend jacob mother father visitors astonishing junk person find city block mother maurice block clean brought street room father maurice salary department sanitation cleaning city
jacob began sort nails stopped won able klenk maurice klenk janitor lived basement floors basement smelled wet mops damp cement pipes furniture stuffing clean klenk told maurice couldn relax drowned rubbish poured apartments overwhelming klenk exclaimed race junk say let edge shoved city klenk didn feel maurice collection re selective boy think mind stuff boys rang janitor bell klenk opened door floor maurice help mind plenty space walls maurice klenk nodded didn bring ladder forgot jacob timidly klenk peered jacob backed asked maurice let answered klenk reached maurice room klenk stopped doorway suppose asked
sun exist earth planet lifeless moon sun greatest basic source energy heat light sun rains winds results force sun makes plant plants special ability capture sun energy directly solar energy grow sustain solar energy directly indirectly sunlight source vitamin absorb important vitamin directly skin help build bones solar energy indirectly wind water wind flowing water energy sources result sun influence windmills waterwheels operate equipment today large wind turbines hydroelectric water power plants produce electricity run machines scientists engineers developed ways change sun energy directly electricity suddenly electricity tv radio telephone communications subways elevators stop machines factories silent lights cities dark suppose winter cold lived stay warm electric heating systems shut natural gas furnaces stop electric motors help force gas pipelines
gasohol mixture tenths unleaded gasoline tenth ethyl alcohol substitute gasoline cars trucks gasohol save percent oil needed produce gasoline sources ethyl alcohol include sweet sorghum sugar beets grain distilleries crops processed alcohol alcohol mixed gasoline main product gasohol processing mash protein original product mash wasted farmers livestock food supplement methanol methyl alcohol clean burning liquid fuel natural gas coal sources nonrenewable methanol renewable sources sources include wood plants waste products homes farms industry gasohol methanol transportation fuel methanol produces energy ethyl alcohol gasohol mixed gasoline methanol burns slowly gasoline engine design methanol produce power gasoline slower burning produces smoother engine performance methanol energy gallon gasoline result car methanol needs larger fuel tank methanol substitute gasoline fig bioconversion process obtaining energy society waste products sources waste biomass food product waste animal wastes paper cardboard wood
nuclear energy developed changing matter energy hydrogen uranium kinds matter produce nuclear energy nuclear reaction part hydrogen uranium atom changed energy conversion lowers original amount matter nuclear reaction small amount matter converted tremendous amount energy fig conversion energy matter difficult process involves bringing large amounts energy tiny space accomplished carefully controlled laboratory conditions conditions produced occasions practical nuclear energy limited release nuclear energy involves high operating temperatures possibility radiation leaks complex equipment extensive safeguards needed safely convert nuclear energy energy forms common conversion takes place nuclear power plants convert nuclear energy heat energy heat drive steam turbines steam turbines operate electrical generators nuclear energy medicine nuclear energy form radiation therapy treat cancer united states navy nuclear energy power submarines large ships fig submarine powered nuclear energy operate refueling nuclear energy course nuclear weapons detailed information nuclear energy chapter
gears basic power switching directional force speed kind change depends size type position gears types gears read learn common spur gears bevel gears miter gears worm gears spur gear simplest common type gear teeth cut parallel shaft opening fig spur gears provide directional fig change force speed figure shows spur gears multiply torque gray bars show lever action center gear acts fulcrum drive gear left radius foot driving force pounds drive gear torque pound feet force radius torque force transfers larger gear larger gear radius feet torque pound feet shaft gears calculate force speed terms gear ratio ratio number teeth driven gear number teeth drive gear driven gear fig teeth drive gear teeth ratio gear set means driven gear torque turning force drive gear
notice pressure relief valve fig oil pass valve path pressure relief valve important part system protects system system pressure high pressure relief valve opens high pressure oil return reservoir reducing pressure system raise landing gear pilot shifts position valve fig valve directs high pressure oil bottom double acting cylinder oil pushes piston raises landing gear oil top cylinder flows valve returns reservoir completes circuit pneumatic systems served humanity longer hydraulic systems possibly pneumatics blowgun bellows later pneumatic device supplied air pressure forging casting fig modern industrial pneumatics grown past century short pneumatic systems replaced amounts manual labor replaced mechanical electrical systems comparison fluid systems mechanical systems slow clumsy electrical systems costly complex figure shows parts typical pneumatic system automotive garages system lift cars trucks servicing repair system air oil called air oil system
copper atom loses electron positively charged electrons balance protons positive charge positively charged atom try attract free electron atom electron moves atom electricity define electricity movement electrons atom negative charge electron moves positively charged atom electron flow negative positive elements copper hold outermost electrons weak force elements called conductors word conductor refer wire conducting element atoms conduct electricity basically copper atoms arranged copper wire fig notice outer orbits atoms overlap electrons transfer easily atom atom produce flow electrons conductor attached end source free electrons end attach place electrons electrons return place started source free electrons generator battery parts electron source conductor attaches called terminals source works providing imbalance electrons develops surplus electrons terminal shortage electrons terminal
personal transportation moving things individuals persons benefit riding bike school personal transportation ride family car football game personal transportation personal business personal spare users providers personal transportation suppose father driving family vacation driving car provider transportation getting benefit transported user family transportation service commercial interrupts tv show times hour word commercial means commerce business companies transportation business companies charge money move cargo money charging transportation costs money left paying transportation called profit commercial transportation hire transportation buy bus ticket hiring bus company transport fig clothing manufacturer wants ship load blue jeans hires trucking company railroad companies commercial transporters package delivery services united parcel service federal express governmental transportation moving passengers cargo national defense public service protection special persons
system organized system set things related interconnected heard solar system telephone system systems bodies circulatory system nervous system system separate things transportation system read mind talk transportation ways refer transportation goes big system transportation system single short distance trip scale transportation simply systematic getting passengers cargo place ways modes transporting passengers cargo transportation mode system systems transportation main parts inputs processes output inputs things put system vehicles workers fuel equipment inputs needed transportation actually main kinds inputs capital energy capital money ready division terms try basic types capital working capital fixed capital working capital money transportation companies buy things pay employees workers type capital needed system operating
providing route services important part moving process common examples job airline flight attendant person serves meals passengers instructs emergency procedures comfort flight fig route services apply passengers cargo maintaining cabin temperature airliner service passengers maintaining temperature refrigerated truck railroad car service cargo steady cool temperature makes sure bananas won spoil trip orleans minneapolis end trip activities complete move activities things move reverse order cargo passengers unloaded orderly cargo item loaded item unloaded cargo stored protected move completed cargo carrier give responsibility goods actually delivered contracted receiver receiver shipper actual consignee person company ordered goods fig idea processes involved moving departure point destination important process applies move
heat heat engines produced combustion burning fuel heat increase pressure gases pressurized gases produce usable motion basic types heat engines external combustion internal combustion difference types gases heated pressurized external combustion engines heat energy produced engine burning fuels oil coal producing controlled nuclear reaction heat produce pressurized gas gas piped engine produces motion internal combustion engines operate differently external combustion engines engines heat pressure produced inside engine burning fuels gasoline diesel fuel jet fuel pressure converted motion immediately chapter learn external combustion engines chapter tell internal combustion engines kinds motion heat engines heat engines produce types motion reciprocating rotary linear fig reciprocating motion motion kind motion produced piston engine rotary motion turning motion pressurized gases turn rotor turbine linear motion motion straight line jet rocket engines produce linear motion
compression complete spark plug ignites compressed air fuel mixture hot expanding gases push piston power stroke piston passes exhaust port burned gases begin leave engine piston passes intake port air fuel mixture pushes combustion chamber crankcase pressure built downward movement piston push mixture enters combustion chamber helps push burned gases piston starts compression stroke begins cycle diesel engine invented german mechanical engineer named rudolph diesel patented design built working diesel engine today diesel engines provide power trains buses power cars trucks boats ships construction equipment fig stationary engines power generators produce electricity diesel engines operate stroke stroke principles gasoline piston engines diesels spark ignite fuel fuel ignited intense heat compression type ignition called compression ignition compression ignition requires air fuel supply system kind gasoline engines diesels air fuel enter cylinder air admitted intake stroke fig compression stroke air compressed original volume thermostat engine radiator controls flow coolant engine cool thermostat stays closed keeps radiator cooling engine engine reaches correct operating temperature thermostat opens thermostat keeps engine operating temperature automotive fuel system provide mixture gasoline air cylinders figure shows main parts system fuel pump pumps fuel fuel tank carburetor carburetor mixes fuel clean air air cleaner air fuel mixture passes intake manifold intake manifold connects carburetor engine cylinders piston moves intake stroke vacuum formed cylinder atmospheric pressure pushes air fuel mixture cylinder fill vacuum cars electric fuel pump deliver gas tank carburetor cars mechanical fuel pump fig rocker arm fuel pump moved eccentric lobe camshaft rocker arm moves raises diaphragm pump fig resulting partial vacuum pulls fuel pump arm moves inlet valve closes diaphragm spring expands diaphragm pushes fuel pump fig learned earlier pistons create partial vacuum cylinders move intake stroke
thermostat engine radiator controls flow coolant engine cool thermostat stays closed keeps radiator cooling engine engine reaches correct operating temperature thermostat opens thermostat keeps engine operating temperature automotive fuel system provide mixture gasoline air cylinders figure shows main parts system fuel pump pumps fuel fuel tank carburetor carburetor mixes fuel clean air air cleaner air fuel mixture passes intake manifold intake manifold connects carburetor engine cylinders piston moves intake stroke vacuum formed cylinder atmospheric pressure pushes air fuel mixture cylinder fill vacuum cars electric fuel pump deliver gas tank carburetor cars mechanical fuel pump fig rocker arm fuel pump moved eccentric lobe camshaft rocker arm moves raises diaphragm pump fig resulting partial vacuum pulls fuel pump arm moves inlet valve closes diaphragm spring expands diaphragm pushes fuel pump fig learned earlier pistons create partial vacuum cylinders move intake stroke
types light water reactors boiling water reactors pressurized water reactors core nuclear reactor part fissionable material boiling water reactor core inside water filled container called vessel fig heat produced fission reaction boils water vessel steam collects top reactor steam continues produced pressure increases pushes steam turbine rotating turbine drives electrical generator steam leaves turbine condenser cools steam water pump returns water reactor vessel water steam water cycle operates constantly produce electricity remember chapter water boils sea level reach higher temperatures pressure happens pressurized water reactor figure shows pressurized water reactor water surrounds uranium core reactor vessel water high pressure permits water heat normal boiling point pump moves hot water heat exchanger heat exchanger device transfers heat fluid fig reactor produces high temperature high pressure water water passes coiled pipe inside heat exchanger water surrounding pipe lower pressure temperature
choice career important decisions adult expect spend quarter half sleeping eating daily chores career career affects personal friendships amount money earn help determine leisure activities career choice carefully hundreds careers energy sources transportation power transmission control power careers cover wide range interests abilities later chapter learn careers learn involved choosing career find willing spend effort stage career decision decide career early changing exceptions investigate careers choosing enter career decide change careers admit didn plan ahead didn choose careers carefully adequately explored responsibilities requirements involved
leader determined needs group leader skills group job leader starter role leader helps group understand involved task planner leader helps group develop plan accomplish task leader role guide guides group accomplishing task group working task leader reviews checks progress acts evaluator important leadership trait understanding course means effort understand thoughts feelings means understanding honestly things don understand actually understanding easy thing achieve want leader effort understand things motivate leader understand job task task guide remember leaders leaders look direction leader don understand task advice don afraid ask questions leadership traits leaders traits leaders display key traits
black clad giant moved slowly silently grotesque late afternoon shadow past shops hemlock street head erect shaded eyes unseeing monstrous hovering creature defy nature balanced teetering bulk small feet suddenly giant stumbled head whipped backward forward flailing arms thrashed air huge distorted body threatened break writhed swooped twisting lurching ragged circles jackknifed stop atop telephone booth mrs lumpholtz run cover figgs hissed mrs lumpholtz giant pushed booth straightened feet dime clinked coin return slot re sorry mrs lumpholtz giant apologized muffled voice fourth button tattered cloak re childishness florence figg mrs lumpholtz snarled fourth button pocketing dime squeezed booth shook fist scowl wide black hat spluttered re getting big mona lisa newton scowl deepened mona struggled think cutting reply equal bruised feelings words tumbled head stumbled bumped lay dead unspoken mrs lumpholtz huffed office pineapple weekly journal published fifty times mona watched dumb anguish figgs pineapple mona newton worst lot
mona sissie newton tap dancing daughter welcoming arms fido disappointed didn mona ducked successfully eluding mother kiss plopped couch sissie shrugged familiar rejection began tap dancing furniture place mona dear give hand sighing mona rose pushed sofa center room slumped sagging springs noodles cat missed squashed hair sprang couch meowed complaint piano wrong sissie asked thinking mona replied nice dear mother tapped kitchen prepare dinner newtons pineapple don carpets decent folk sister says tap dance carpets newt wanted marry dancer picked ballerina ballerina wouldn noise home newt boomed bouncing front door glorious spring newt darling sissie called kitchen mona groaned silly question disgustingly happy hands newt waited wife grand entrance looky looky looky comes cookie sang sissie tapping living room double shuffle topped performance buck wing deep curtsy newt bowed extended left hand flourish presented wife daffodil
words side bus poster color bright barely read florence flicked bit peeling paint word baby limped steps bus served home office figg fine books specialized colorplate books issuing catalogues times honest dealings loving descriptions florence built steady list customers display choice books bus newt sold book buyer car mistake strictly mail order business las fantasticas lay desk grimacing pain florence eased swivel chair fondly caressed worn leather binding opened book delicately colored map smiled dream smile dumb story pineapple weekly journal morning mona repeat question florence looked book baffled mrs lumpholtz going ruin bargain reads eb bargain reads obituaries uncle replied seriously wouldn worry mrs lumpholtz means school thirty mona explained peering shoulder map book uncle romulus florence covered book protective arm don think sell romulus map authentic remember happened ago
capri truman fell forward palms stood head somersaulted air landed squarely feet rite caprification give hand kadota pleaded newt fido tugged grunting veterinarian feet members family rose floor stretched cramped muscles skeptics kitchen prepare refreshments leaving believers debate whereabouts capri sissie newt tempted unworldly kingdom sweet fruit kadota gracie jo unbelievers romulus returning disastrous dogsled trek lapland told kanines allowed capri mona remained parlor deeply resented clannish heresy set figgs pineapple didn want miss word uncle florence say holding comfortable chair house romulus began debate announcing finding capri forthcoming trip niagara falls brothers scoffed course millions conceded looked going look falls fido laughed loud picturing faces honeymooners romulus led falls banished kitchen join doubting thomases places bah remus believed capri lay numbers
figgs wept newtons wept wept things wept things unsaid undone wept privately arms kadota dogs howled night week silent figgs newtons ran tears florence capri agreed resumed living filling loss memories mona tears unshed newt stared office window spring green bus remembering flo worrying mona mona bed florence died jealously guarding loneliness barely ate spoke rejected felt florence rejected rejected cat noodles finally ran wounded pride newt startled concern figure emerging bus shadow called fido ran heard sissie shook head dejectedly newt walked door furniture place playbills hung plumb wife dancing lesson florence death fear disturbing mona put band aids metal taps newt tiptoed stairs quieter sissie brought mona flowers week denuded mrs davenport garden brought candy weaving set bookends carried hatbox newt rapped lightly bedroom door waited response knew
phoebe phoebe existed capri hand uncle florence invented mona closed pamphlet angrily newt give mom hey mona re looking pretty bump popham looks lost weight getting newt rising discuss mona figure mona bus dug deeper trunk opened book cautiously stung discovery phoebe song colorplate books violets hummingbirds peach trees plum trees cottages country furniture songbook schubert voice piano literature chaucer dickens hawthorne dostoevski conrad mona stared disbelief familiar book hand joseph conrad typhoon dark green binding decorated cloth slight tear top spine frantically dug remainder books trunk found edition typhoon lord jim thought books bargain top shelf hands uncle florence reach top shelf worn giant disguise saw conrads took spanish map las fantasticas mona exclaimed aloud furiously searched books las fantasticas trunk bus
uncle florence florence phoebe remain knowledgeable talented citizens companionable neighbors learned deal dismissed subject monologue candles candlesticks gold candelabrum studded emeralds rubies treasure ship captured defeated admiral eye admirable adversary ship pass victory mine silliest thing heard mona losing battle dream defeat makes final victory sweeter pirate explained real sweet moments short dulled mind invent reinvent relive battle perfected detail glorious triumphs childish mona remembering shame childish parents uncle florence childish charming uncle dearest friend florence figg pirate replied married phoebe twenty times arriving caprichos capitan miguel de caprichos rose table mona begged let uncle florence pirate firm let stay mona begged contribute broken sofa hamburger candle books books build library captain mona library mahogany cases glass enclosed shelves lined paneled room filled rare exquisite volumes
mona smiled father sat bed guess princess excitedly mona idea month founders sissie announced bursting room hastily propped pillows mona sinking bed big surprise parade rerouted pass window mona groaned feeble protest mona fido door flew open romulus remus identical uniforms jogged oof mathematical twin knocked floor howling dane mona poochy kadota pounced mona gave big wet kiss cheek kanines extended paws mona shook hands looked room gracie jo getting dressed parade kadota explained mona looking uncle truman accident princess newt explained fine broken legs smashed elbow traction room mother allowed tapdance bed mona understood welcome home sign crudely drawn hospital bed hand kind accident kadota explained truman tied tight knot rolled stairs couldn call help mouth armpit
mona watched bookseller hobble room imagine bald spot nightmare dream recreated place short seen top ebenezer bargain head mona seen uncle florence dream capri bye bargain mona called thank thank revealed revealed mona thought uncle florence sadness remembered dancing gentle phoebe found love contentment happy room small larger dream magnificent dream dreams return allowed trembling hands mona opened original edition las fantasticas untrained eye tell difference harsh ink facsimile delicate tints studied tenderly ran finger map stopped tiny irregularly shaped island caprichos drawn island leaves entwined palm trees coral pink look mona miss quigley pointed passing parade newt merrily honking horn driver seat flower spring green bus wore costume king hearts
understand environment live environment setting humanity lives humanity surrounded objects nature things help decide humanity lives humanity earliest history adapted natural environment habitat habitat consists things soil land surface topography climate plants animals things reason learn differently warmer climates ways living colder climates build houses wear clothing eat foods soil fertile climate favorable earn living farming places land rocky soil poor living ways knowledge grown larger able environment meet needs earliest humans dependent environment environment lived trees caves gathered food hunted animals food supply disappeared died moved food plentiful learned farm simple tools build houses longer needed move food began habitat earth divided large masses land large bodies water
term middle east vague phrase coined describe geographic area distinguish area lands referred east terms middle meaning looked point view western area considered basis europe term middle east refers area connects continents europe asia africa mediterranean coast nations north africa morocco algeria tunisia libya egypt east africa arabian peninsula located nations saudi arabia yemen arab republic democratic republic yemen oman united arab emirates bahrein qatar kuwait north arabian peninsula jordan israel lebanon syria north syria turkey east iraq iran lands studied region similar ways climate generally hot dry fact land desert speak arabic language middle east moslems muslims follow religion known islam moslem muslim interchangeably book area share related history similar problems today important middle east reasons
moslems advanced civilization wrong moslem civilization stopped advancing civilization europe began develop rapidly surpass moslems number reasons help explain decline middle century evident real unity moslem lands countries recognized caliph baghdad ruler local leaders pretty wished religious groups arose claiming true followers islam groups plotted fought arabs persians turks rivaled important positions leadership face common enemy moslem lands put resistance christians europe tried reconquer holy land moslems coastal cities palestine parts syria turkey captured christians period moslem rulers alliances europeans moslems finally famous ruler egypt salah al din saladin able unite territory defeat christians drive jerusalem warfare considerable destruction middle east general christians europe grew stronger began expand expense islam areas spain part moslem gradually europeans
obvious westernization failed remedy weakness moslem countries ottoman empire attempted modernize decades ended sick europe westernizers lost prestige reforms failed bring economic prosperity military strength west lost prestige eyes moslems century war ii important factor japan defeated british french americans early war europeans invincible muslim brotherhood islamic movement began egypt founder egyptian school teacher observed miserable lives poor believed regain sense identity respect instilled islamic piety devotion religious duties islamic brotherhood movement grew rapidly gained followers showed westernization satisfy spiritual needs common muslim brotherhood taught society egypt moslem countries destroyed western godlessness remedy overthrow westernized political social institutions replace islamic governmental organization existed prophet mohammed successors passed greater feeling discomfort uneasiness moslem
huge lakes formed deep valleys african highlands line running red sea south africa plateau split huge rift canyon parts narrow deep canyon filled water today largest deepest lakes widest section rift red sea separates arabia africa rift runs southward lake tana ethiopia lake country central africa lake victoria mosi thundersmoke lake tanganyika lake malawi ten largest bodies fresh water imagine africa jungle rain forest continent actually true tropical rain forest africa asia south america addition african forest uninhabited sections african jungle thickly populated farmers cut trees farmland area tropical rain forests open woodland savanna places savanna country mainly grass large trees places looks park high grass place usual forest underbrush africa large desert regions sahara north kalahari namib southern africa sizable deserts found somalia ethiopia northeastern kenya sahara thought wasteland barrier idea completely true
arabs settled east coast married african women spread culture result muslims east africa ruler african kingdom converted islam entire country officially muslim true mali songhai hausa kingdoms reasons africans able adopt islam religion islam makes distinction basis color muslims considered brothers black white islam interfere african customs africans muslims continue worship forces nature islam permitted marrying women africans custom marrying woman islamic ideas divine kingship absolute power ruler importance family community corresponded african ideas customs african rulers found converting islam maintain trade relations arabs trade important africa centuries cities west africa gao timbuctu important centers learning muslims scholars foreign lands study places africans converted muslim religion took aspects islamic culture learned write arabic provided means keeping records developing literature led growth class educated help run stable government
china regions influenced geography important geographic factors isolation separation chinese civilization began grew easternmost part asia area centers civilization high mountains wide deserts isolated area parts asia natural protective barriers allowed chinese develop culture constant interruption china enjoyed conditions favorable development culture wide plains fertile soil rivers coastal harbors support high level civilization geography explains chinese civilization turned unique kind developed minor contacts major cultures minor instances cultural diffusion occurred cultural diffusion place chinese culture diffused vietnam korea japan chinese call country chung kuo means middle kingdom chinese country center universe china ch dynasty royal family created chinese empire ago china huge country largest soviet union canada china large today ago china located small area banks yellow river huang ho chinese yellow river flows thousand miles north china plain tracing river course reverse miles inland discover river turns sharply north
chinese considered family important part society individual person ways considered important family fact family regarded important seen extension family individual thought member family saw individual successful prestige family increased individual failure brought shame family family held responsible acts individual members confucianism emphasized importance family family individual learned role chinese society basic social relationships functioning chinese society family relationships relationships father son elder brother younger brother husband wife traditional china types families existed small middle large family small family consisted parents unmarried children middle family parents unmarried children married son wife children large family included parents unmarried children married children wives children close relatives grandparents uncles aunts cousins nephews live family head family father elder brother
communists win communist forces numbered million nationalists million money china nationalists lose reasons communist victory nationalist government chiang failed power officials government corrupt interested rich chinese chinese poor tired war wanted land farm chance live peace chiang pay attention wanted result unhappy confidence government chiang communists lived difficult conditions communists slaughtered chiang lived caves yenan protected attacks built strength discipline ready final battles tough fearless ready die believed communists generals communists won battle nanking hankow shanghai canton chungking fell hands places thousands nationalist soldiers surrendered firing shot deserted communists important reason communists successful policy chinese peasants
village heart indian true history india today indians live villages india thousand villages small average hundred families typical village consists small group huts cottages street rutted narrow cowpath indians village neighbors live lives traveling miles home village important part village villages depend part water supply getting water woman women village american women supermarket trade news gossip show saris bracelets village ruled council older panchayat council common type village council found india members panchayat elected villagers cases richest villagers members highest caste elected panchayats important history failure india unite single national government important today village india ruled
promotion health important function indian government campaigns launched villages avoid polluting water supplies government subsidized education doctors nurses built hospitals clinics sponsored medical research india recognizes need birth control initiated educational programs achieve end government acted improve lives untouchables untouchability illegal professions trades open seats national legislatures reserved representatives choice penalties discrimination set laws passed giving untouchables specific government jobs living conditions worse indians general government furnished financial aid raise standard living condition india millions untouchables improved slightly legislation help thing acceptance change hindus deep rooted attitudes customs easy sweep june prime minister india indira gandhi announced secret groups planning revolution announced temporary suspension ending civil liberties arrested leaders opposition parties put jail allowed appeal courts release addition india won independence britain indian newspapers news articles written foreign reporters censored brought historic act ended democracy india
fourths southeast asia workers living farming farmers primitive farming methods plant harvest crops hand simple tools hoes sickles water buffalo oxen pull plows rats grasshoppers pests destroy part crop southeast asia farmers need fertilizer parts southeast asia dry season irrigation needed help crops grow rain highlands mountains clear trees high grass hills order farm land land soil loses fertility hill leave heavy rains wash topsoil bare hills river banks river process called erosion large amounts rich soil washed rivers southeast asia large river deltas mouths red mekong choa phraya irrawaddy rivers formed washing rich topsoil deltas rich fertile farmlands upriver land destroyed farming heavy rains effect soil wash minerals soil process washing minerals soil called leaching soil ruined types vegetation trees send deep roots problems farmers face
church latin america faces problems lack priests past church wealthy today faces problem raising money finance pay political problems affect church latin america political leaders unhappy church church leaders criticized favoritism wealthy political dictatorships cases church money governments wealth poverty church attack recently church leaders side political freedoms social reforms church lead solving social problems growth civil liberties church making important contributions reducing illiteracy improving education levels expanding trade unions encouraging free speech resisting fighting harsh policies dictators latin america early history church charge education public schools built early independence gained situation began change slowly idea countries education public meet needs independent country today latin american republics stated belief ideal education laws setting free education nation assigns minister secretary education run educational program
mexico conquered cortes king spain gave large sections land spanish soldiers officers reward services passed land grants turned large farms ranches called haciendas farmers peons campesinos land worked hacienda pay cases peon small piece land farm cases peon part crop return labor hacienda system lasted entire century century mexican revolution largest haciendas broken smaller blocks land landless peasants peons addition government built houses peasants individual farmers worked group system land holding called ejidos ejido system farms owned operated individuals families villages cases peons share profits ejidos peons plots land produce profits mexican farmers system land land ejidos important part mexico agriculture half mexico farmland belongs ejido peons ejidos peasant owns acres farms produce half mexico cotton wheat rice
strikes took place cities series terrorist acts members groups opposed allende took place matters worse food shortages developed market copper nitrates smaller president richard nixon part policy accept seizure property belonging businesses latin america nixon considered nationalization direct threat interests help bring allende government american banks businesses withheld loans investments chile late chile economy deep trouble strikes continued allende accused united states strangling chile economy asked assistance soviet union aid technicians experts soviet union cuba communist nations economy continued worsen strikes street rioting cities increased september army acted force attacked presidential palace killing allende military junta ruling group leadership general augusto pinochet took control pinochet immediately suspended civil liberties disbanded political parties prohibited strikes pinochet ruled chile absolute dictator failure peaceful revolution blamed middle class greed upper class terror additional blame democratic military interference form central intelligence agency cia aid army opposition allende allende opponents believe ideas actions promoted destroyed chilean democracy
communication act transferring information creature creature person person point point communicating important activity waking hour lives realize individuals communicating process times aspects communication granted natural activities daily habits simplest forms communication facial expression gesture smile communicates feeling happiness frown communicates feeling sadness discontent traffic officer gestures communicate automobile drivers fig traffic lights painted center line busy highway raising hand class slap beaver tail water bark dog scream fire truck siren simple forms communication talk express ideas listen hear ideas sense sight reading interpreting visual forms communication blind developed sense touch read running fingers raised patterns symbols deaf unable speak fingers communicate sign language fig sense smell give information important learn natural devices communicating talking listening seeing touching smelling
effective communicating device message presented attracts attention reader easily read understood makes lasting impression reader human eye reacts favorably objects printed messages designed quickly rejects pleasing set rules regarding design basic principles fundamentals understood important design considerations function printed message satisfies purpose function communicator intended individual organization identifies need communicate graphically specific purpose function message identified printed communication designed depend function companies need business cards salesmen representatives business card communicating device supplies basic information company address telephone number representative position possibly services rendered company business cards designed convenient size functional size makes easily carried wallet shirt pocket business cards size functional meet need individual organization fig ii according need printed communications shapes sizes render full message individual organization carefully analyze message communicated audience
hand set foundry type cast single characters individual bodies fig standard height type united states mm relief printing proofing equipment designed height type sold fonts separately fonts complete assortments size style type fig font includes capital letters lowercase letters figures punctuation marks number characters font varies frequency printing letter supplied type font frequently ligatures ffi fractions diphthongs special characters included type fonts line gauge printer rule fig line gauge commonly inch graduations edge pica divisions edge pica standard unit measure printer point system equal approximately mm pica subdivided twelve equal parts called points printer measure shown fig type measured points nick side fig type sizes larger point measured lines line equal pica points line type equal picas points typefaces measure points smaller called text body type text types composing general reading material newspapers magazines book pages typeface reading text typeface
composition distribution hand set foundry type slow expensive operation volume producers typesetting machines machine set type newspapers magazines books produced ludlow machine primarily producing display lines type large type sizes needed composer ludlow system assembles character matrices molds desired form matrix composing stick fig individual matrices stored matrix cabinets assembled manner hand set type fig assembled character matrices matrix composing stick inserted locked ludlow machine casting operation molten metal forced matrices form solid line slug type delivered galley front machine number cast slugs produced matrices assembly individual matrices distributed proper storage cabinets cast slugs composed completed type form leads slugs inserted lines composed type form line spacing fig monotype system machine typesetting produces individual pieces type monotype system consists keyboard fig caster fig keyboard unit keys uppercase lowercase alphabet numbers punctuation marks symbols selected typefaces matrix case inserted line position keyboard unit matrix case divided quadrants quadrant complete type font fig
cartoons graphic communications attract readers attention evoke sense amusement comedy newspapers magazines books movie theaters television cartoon character generated freehand drawing techniques variety styles techniques employed cartoon characters begin basic geometric shapes cartoon face drawn simple steps begin drawing kind semi round enclosure fig fact enclosure crooked lopsided irregularly shaped matter draw nose close proper area draw eyes dots slits angular lines depending type character created add mouth complete basic facial expression add ears hair forehead wrinkles shoulders hat tie complete cartoon face working basic semi round enclosure create variety cartoon faces simply changing placement nose shape eyes mouth ears fig full cartoon character begins basic geometric shape triangle fig addition triangles oval head cartoon figure develops variety characters created working basic geometric shape fig characters simply changing type clothing size shape head facial expressions positions arms legs
pictures sketches decorations words slogans borders symbols clip art sheets books clip art books generally black white illustrations color artwork fig clip art books supply illustrations variety sizes generally eliminates necessity enlarging reducing illustration size applied mechanical layout clip art artist simply cuts desired artwork pastes position mechanical layout sheet commercially prepared clip art book purchased price includes permission reproduce illustrations general rule literary musical artistic copyrighted legally copied written permission copyright owner copyright owner exclusive copy sell distribute copyright notice page follows title page book copyright generally consists word copyright abbreviation copr symbol copyright owner publication date preprinted type sheets transfer type individual letters tabs pressure sensitive letters words symbols decorations borders sheets rolls preprinted type easily applied directly mechanical layout reason preparing copy electrical schematic drawings house floor plans instances existing preprinted type symbols needed preprinted type eliminates draw symbols patterns labor saving device
relief printing referred letterpress printing raised surface actual printing surface cast reverse extends supporting body fig images generated hand set foundry type machine set type linoleum block carving dimensional directly relief printing production process intermediate image conversion steps required images generated methods relief printing production process intermediate steps required convert dimensional images dimensional letterpress plates relief printing images locked positioned platen press lockup refers preproduction operation clamping relief form chase fig press inked makeready completed production begins production ink rollers pass relief surface depositing supply ink raised printing area relief form pressed paper ink transferred paper prints correct reading image fig lockup previously stated refers preproduction operation clamping relief form chase position press basic tools pieces equipment lockup operation chase fig rectangular metal frame locking relief form chase size varies according press size rubber stamp chase fig handle gripping surface inserting removing chase hot rubber stamp press
single impression return throw lever position stop press rollers lowest point travel press stopped remove paper gauge pins inspect impression location amount impression ink coverage location impression paper checked measuring line gauge impression located printing stock planned mechanical layout adjust gauge pins correct location impression remember move readjust paper form remains stationary impression paper print clearly packing drawsheet result impression light spotty fig increase thickness packing drawsheet improve evenness impression generally sheet tissue paper provide needed additional packing circumstances sheet book paper added packing result embossed image deep impression paper damage relief form run finger paper feel impression thickness packing sheets reduced ink thick press impression smudge easily finger test fig rub finger printed image ink smudges easily ink removed ink disc
commonly methods stretching silk screen printing frame staple method stretch cord method method accomplishes result stretch method longer lasting stretch method screen frame grooves cut sides attempting stretch silk inspect frame burrs rough edges removed prevent runs silk cut silk size slightly larger dimensions frame wash silk warm water remove starch fabric place silk wet screen frame begin stapling silk frame placing staple center end fig staples inserted angle side frame approximately mm fig maximum holding strength staple gun heavy duty staples pull silk opposite end frame place staple center end fig pull hard silk rip staple silk sides frame placing staple center side fig stretch silk inserting staple working center ends begin stapling silk frame sides fig pull silk tight inserting staple
planographic printing production process flat surface printing plate process referred lithography photolithography photo offset lithography offset lithography commonly term simply offset describes transfer image plate paper plate held position plate cylinder duplicating operation image transferred offset rubber blanket blanket cylinder paper passes blanket cylinder impression cylinder image transferred paper paper makes actual contact plate fig basic principle offset operation fundamental fact grease water readily mix ink carriers plates flat image areas non image areas level image areas grease surface non image areas water applied surface plate repelled grease image form thin layer moisture non image areas ink applied stick grease image areas repelled moisture layer non image areas water applied plate surface moisture present repel ink entire plate surface accept ink offset plates metal plastic paper image plates photographic processing
stripping operation arranging mounting process negatives goldenrod paper produce flat flat holds negatives position burning exposing offset plate goldenrod paper generally pound double coated paper ruled mm graduations person makes flat called stripper stripping operation begun placing sheet goldenrod paper referred masking sheet glass top surface light table end marked gripper margin stripper left hand side position gripper margin corresponds head leading edge plate paper fed press line lower edge masking sheet upper edge square sure square held tightly edge light table tape fasten corners gripper end masking sheet light table surface fig locate mark masking sheet dimensions paper size printing area locate mark exact location image area printed fig printing image area extend gripper margin area gripped press grippers feed deliver paper gripper margin area receive printed impression slide negative readable side masking sheet
dick copy printer fig complete copy center programmed offset masters produce desired number copies automatically copy printer consists master station duplicating station connected master transport unit units independently master processed transported duplicating station programming starts duplicating unit master inserted etched automatically desired number copies produced end production run master ejected blanket cleaned master inserted procedure repeated masters rate minute stacked duplicating station continuous automatic duplication speeds ranging copies hour multilith model fig single sheet paper printed sides colors side paper printed colors heidelberg offset letterset fig single color press unique offset letterset interchanging removable plate cylinder segments offset duplicators fed continuous roll paper known web apollo offset duplicator fig capable printing colors side paper color sides paper
binding method characteristics suitable methods product nature purpose product play important part selection binding method selection bindery method decided message analysis stage product development printed products bound special finishing operations scoring perforating slitting die cutting numbering embossing laminating performed printed products require operations products require bound unit explains finishing operations detail addition printed product require additional prebinding operations folding gathering inserting collating drilling units describe fully floor plan typical commercial printing firm shown fig notice size relationship bindery section preparatory presswork departments individual sheets signatures assembled fastened binding methods involving special procedures binding method depends nature purpose printed material saddle sewing limited brochures pamphlets short publications signature method binding thread sewn holes punched center fold signature fig pages lie flat opened soft paper cover sewn signature pages saddle sew manually open signature middle folded pages mark position punching holes
book casing folding covering material binder board covers begin measuring size book determine size binder board cut cover length binder board obtained measuring actual length book top bottom adding amount overhang desired top bottom instances amount overhang exposed edges book equal thickness binder board standard overhang mm edge fig cut pieces binder board exactly length determine width binder board measuring distance groove formed backing fore edge sheet cut piece binder board width label front repeat procedure cover binder board label covers width book backed subtract mm actual width measured fore edge covers pulled fore edge form overhang joint book formed measure distance book place front binder board covers book tightly secured groove wrap strip paper mm wide
related closely graphic communications industry specialized careers research development products services researchers bring widely skills industry printing techniques continually explored group specialists researchers developing machines foresters research wood pulp contributes paper technology chemists research find ways develop products fig researcher marketing finds product sell consumer wants consumer thinks product contributes graphic communications industry providing information later considered planning communication product actual production paper course essential basic part graphic communications industry skills needed process tree paper let follow tree jobs touch forester selects trees cut paper production fig plans planting trees replace logger needed cut tree heavy machinery operator loads log truck trucker takes log mill fig occupations mill operator barker machine strips log chipper machine cuts log chips chips digester machine reduced pulp pulp bleached goes paper machine
rachel leaned forehead window looked purple shadows mountains utah possibly nevada plane late grandparents decided wasn coming mother insisted talking big battle father visit mother dead set knows grandparents practically hysteria wouldn let rachel talk rachel father rachel shook cinammon tic box popped mouth reliving fiftieth scenes place days parents fighting worse usual bitterly threats leaving tried stay range painful listen point mother insisted taking father side defend mother unreasonable unreasonable mother burst fit tears say re deserting rachel close weaned close part trouble
ensconced mom say adjoining bedroom separate entrance pool side apartment le apartment hotel hotel small slightly rundown nice motel sixty stay winter fairly big heated pool therapy pool hot kids boy eleven girl compete attention top lungs monopolize ping pong table granddad grab minute stop beat granddad night games kids fumed wouldn give table wanted parents european accents granddad thinks polish parents kind brash noisy friendly mom called morning typical call rates high sounded fairly calm maybe rid rachel put writing pad stared mist rising pool morning guests told call bud maybe seventy retired editor yiddish language york newspaper grandfather liked talk bud sat pool reading decline west listening band radio earplug
lord loves senior citizens wouldn luci luci owner motel forty figure twenty hair dyed careful auburn full cheer guests nearly morning circuit pool calling asking specific questions specific ailments throwing jokes love rachel thought patronized remark lord loving large arthritic woman named mrs irwin laboriously lowering hot whirlpool wry remark age rachel hot pool sharing sharing bath stranger irwin looked huge balloon burst lowered pool holding rim dangling surprisingly muscular legs water irwins newcomers sophie discovered irwin retired banker texas college basketball star rachel couldn stop looking irwins basketball star looked hard mrs irwin beauty reminders age beginning rachel sat swimming pool watched regret polish rowdy children struggled waiting taxi bags
doctor sophie mrs kline apartment tell bud won listen tell lil told lil laughed pay doctor fifty dollars tell indigestion sophie crazy kneaded chest breastbone don eat food tell lay french fries lay chicken soup matzo balls chicken soup matzo balls mrs kline knows sophie closed eyes sat answering gradually relaxed gelusil french fries irwin deep voice gelusil belch head wreathed swirls steam polite sophie don hermie belch polite company game bud rachel rachel rude say looked pleased started lay checkers rachel saw ariadne alan signaling gate friends guess gathered checkers play smiled thanks lot thanks playing tried sound relieved leaving
eat sophie cried rushing person getting cold beautiful food mrs kelly cooked eat eat recklessly ladled quantities salads meat vegetables plates handed sophie relax bud re going wear occasion sophie occasion waving carrot stick hand chicken wing danced sang stereo sixteen seventeen planted slightly greasy kiss husband forehead whirled pool soph fall husband called laughing happy luci saying let freshen drink liter cognac scotch table punch bowl sampled face flushed voice grew louder carrie yelled office phone rang carrie disappearing direction office rachel help carrie fresh bowl bean salad paper plates thanks honey thought paper plates ice cream re fun nice party rachel awful lot carrie loved sophie changing record stopped middle edelweiss
car drove parking lot street driver door slammed alan jumped rachel felt frightened mind heard boots coming walk alan slid hood turned streetlight arms crossed head pulled sweater shoulders bent rachel caught breath covered scars alan yeah straightened pulled sweater sorry guess shouldn shocked asked beat father sure thing ask social worker child abuse fun folded arms leaned car looking sardonic grin beat ariadne sure girls variety torture shivering warm desert air listen ariadne friend needs psyche scarred father drove car cliff ridge route eleven george ariadne terrified looks father george thinks kids boring ship boarding school terrifies happen going harvard college harvard school episcopal school boys valley bad anyway born survivor
heard low voices footsteps hurrying past window door slammed bright light searchlight lit curtained window looked watch moment torn curiosity sleepiness heard luci voice rising quieter voices saying terrible happened place awake rachel put bathrobe pulled curtain looked luci talking police officer kline bud bunny mrs irwin schwartzes stood group bathrobes slippers heard grandparents door open close knocked door open grandma talking carrie crying happened rachel grandfather looked difficult bring mind question sophie heart attack sick sat edge bed dead dead rachel couldn believe mistaken sophie couldn die sure thought singer bad heart thought carrie wiping eyes wouldn doctor told told bud coming room looked distracted thin hair rumpled saying indigestion sounded angina
tonight fabulous chinese dinner don think told ladies died suddenly heart attack sad felt gloomy night granddad friend named bud decided spirits lifted took grandma bud wife irwins klines friends schwartzes mexico days marvelous cantonese restaurant thought chinese food bud tell chinese restaurant london called cheung cheung ku wardour street feel re city short note mom giving reno address phone says terribly boring sit watch throw money slot machines games thing approve gambling overreacts broke couple days break bank wrote yesterday coming home suppose fireworks friends alan ariadne leaving going boarding schools mainly stepfather thinks children boring wonder occurs children think adults boring alan ariadne story complicated won
grandma looked hands granddad miss didn mean spring call quick lost nerve looked frowning let flounder big house re going talk things straightened mom won rachel granddad began cut sharply meant hate give chance head college dumped sugar teacup stirred grow thinking parents part arm leg re entirely separate separate weird grandma softly dear lot pain granddad looked joy studied intently forgotten rachel grandma touched wrist yes joy raining rachel pool bud floating singing swimmin rain rachel dove laughed re crazy swam passing stop deep end raindrop hit bud eye face
buck stopping steps listen smell danger moved head bobbing step doe fawn visible blur movement tall grass mountain footsteps awakened benicia lay passed close reach touch tiny hooves lay flat grass wouldn sense mountainside startled sat elbow headed lay ranch nestled secret valley bottom bowl formed big mountains narrow path led county road rest benicia played camped abandoned ranch house sold recently owner moved stayed waiting owner friendly watching mountain sign tell wanted benicia didn kind sign waiting knew recognize saw benicia learned cautious strangers owner ranch appeared living
benicia lifted board high gopher snake sleeping james beasley gently picked put bag tied top tightly hung end stick found stick shoulder started track pile boards benicia trailed wondering snake felt sleeping safely ground minute hanging sack pretty surprised james beasley answered reading thoughts pile boards bunch bugs pile don remember boards benicia put em james beasley explained re lures gosh benicia giggled james beasley set snake lures lifted boards watched deftly scooped gopher snake wasn afraid snakes bitten plenty times wore gloves frightened snake likely bite wasn afraid snakes didn afraid wasn stoic tied snake bag gave look half moon eyes james beasley spooky benicia crossly
stamped house slamming screen door hard slam door hanging single hinge living room dark gloomy furniture sagging exposed springs cigarette burns room cluttered newspapers magazines overflowing ashtrays clyde mother smoked benicia constantly afraid sleep lit cigarette burn house mother lying sofa smoking open beer hand black white tv flickered corner rosa echeverra blinked petulantly noise benicia considerate sorry benicia mumbled heard complaints arguments mother responded automatically didn hate mother hated clyde sight looking puffy sloppy stupid benicia feel black mean inside didn understand exactly felt maybe mother wanted care clyde porch benicia riding big fancy car wick grinning benicia cigarette dangling bottom lip rosa sat aimed black eyes benicia benicia tell truth suddenly benicia hated
usual benicia arrived yellow horse ranch saturday morning shadows deep blue velvet cool morning dew quietly paddock starshine waited gave horse carrot stroked sleek satin neck starshine chewed nudged benicia told brought bridle mounted walked mare house letting canter starshine glad benicia morning coolness earth smelled fresh birds chirped noisily benicia felt clouds sky going sparkling brilliantly sunny hot glad decided ride early groom starshine help andrea quilt early evening maybe ride nice plan things enjoyed liked trying pass home tomorrow wished weekdays nice weekends party enter mind going stupid party stupid girls benicia rode starshine pond let stop drink big frog looking rock frog dived suddenly bottom didn
andrea heard benicia remark laughed james beasley jack told gave look corner slanted green eyes hot cap james beasley mumbled ma abc don benicia shocked andrea say thing james beasley gave andrea agonized look wear benicia swallowed wears repeated urgently andrea didn hear james persisted softly james beasley gray eyes enormous ringworm head shaved happens cap think heal faster andrea told hair grow faster re friends james fun james beasley hand knitted cap covered scalp skin taking eyes andrea slid cap stood sun bare head benicia raised eyes saw head seen cap fine stubble black hair grew head fur james beasley incredibly james beasley smiled andrea laughed wasn bad sure heal sunlight disgrace ringworm
house dark james beasley goodnight carefully suspicious clyde spoil plans meanness knew house truly empty benicia let breathe uncrossed mental fingers took shower wash dust grime shampooed hair later night thumps curses woke clyde rosa home benicia lay dark hoping room hidden parade outfit bed knew clyde notion look hiding benicia decided leave chance quietly pulled jeans shirt collected costume slipped door yards mountain looked saw light room hear loud curse stood glad left darkness mountain felt benicia slipped invisible times wished invisible knew living escaping mountain couldn didn clyde getting worse benicia felt afraid
found garter snakes want alligator lizard james beasley caught gopher snake stretched full length shady rock mrs nelson give dollars re ugly benicia shuddered yeah eat lot bugs mrs nelson organic gardener ladybugs pest ridders pesticides couldn sleep night knew things running loose house james beasley agreed business business catch pulled rotten boards tumbledown shed inch lizard looked miniature alligator james beasley scooped bag haul jubilantly starting home benicia felt earlier feelings foreboding return home rosa clyde family aunt grandparents rosa parents killed car wreck fourteen aunts uncles benicia heard thought father parents wouldn want believe granddaughter anyway south carolina side california clyde leave wished think leave
burrowing benicia side animal trying push mole gopher benicia opened eyes rough gray brown ceiling room look rock dreaming remembered leaped snake crawled spend night looked carefully rough bed gray light dawn fallen exhaustion jerked bedding found snake small protrusion rock harder longer slept dreams turned animal benicia didn laugh cry felt wasn sure stop began bundles sorting things bread spread butter wolfed surprised hungry shouldn surprised night benicia couldn believe actually hauled bundles high cave arms stiff sore pulling lifting benicia finished breakfast banana leaning cave looked home surrounding cave copse coast live oaks screened looking mountaintop
andrea happy benicia sobbed think crazy course think re brave wonderful re going happy sobs slowed stopped benicia caught sight mirror gosh andrea bridesmaid look awful course fixed shower wash hair blow dry feel afterward andrea feel clean shiny hair dress andrea fit perfectly yellow organdy scooped neckline puffed sleeves full skirt shoes white sandals small slim heel benicia thought prettiest shoes seen andrea dressed cream colored dress heavy lace trim carried tall glass coke ice thought ceremony handing glass benicia sips benicia told andrea mountain andrea tucked fresh daisies white yellow centers hair basket daisies carry helped andrea fasten heavy lace veil andrea flowers tiny yellow roses daisies jack door ask ready ready andrea answered firmly smiling
katie john considered cheating peeked cards sixes solitaire game move wasn fair peek put diamonds black turned card black put moved hearts wasn wrong checking move katie reasoned looked card black move red black card left put fiddle honest change things wasn fair cheat knew couldn win katie john played game parlor floor cool dim high parlor thick brick walls summer morning heat light slats inside shutters wavered carpet tree branches moved room deepwater cavern katie john thought hazy pools rippling floor moved arm yellow green light watching light catch gold hairs brown skin golden fish lazing bottom cavern thought waving fins dreamily wove hands green shallows light discarded idea wouldn fish popping mouth open
katie didn think easy fact business sounded hazy difficult put mind girls main street intersection bronze statue general pomfroy horse reared burly fro carnival civil war hero eternally led charge saber air indifferent village excitement girls ears noses eyes street fair spread delights whirling rides flashing lights hooting calliope music smells hot popcorn hot dogs hot tar softening feet crowds smells step guns cracking shooting gallery house mirrors barkers calling midget woman tiniest lady hurrying laughing standing looking pushing jam shouting friends waving balloons pink cotton candy holiday ahh katie john sucked breath whirled delight darted crowds sue wait sue slowly watch picked katie tripped cable merry round brushed mind katie girls part street fair knew wanted yesterday walked main street looking fair offered saved today
caterpillar ride stopped katie seats boys howard clambered seat katie okay pris won ride katie john yelled laughing won katie ride filled seats howard move looking katie john suddenly realized girl ride teen agers sprinkling kids boys age dear didn look girl happened wasn wild ride katie john looked girls street half ready priscilla watching saying betsy ann saw katie glance smiled saying don let howard pester sue don howard katie look cute cute katie john stood ride started jerk throwing seat ride circled gaining speed spinning faster hold howard shouted grabbing katie shoulders let words sucked speed whirled past girls giggling priscilla katie flashing glimpse priscilla face wasn smiling boys yelling caterpillar cover rising thud shut hoop circle seats
mean picked left suddenly left katie felt strangely frightened idea edwin suppose eaten wildcat edwin laughed rare loud laughs breaking lonely feeling katie nutty ideas wildcat popped let barn wasn interest barn held broken stalls rustle mice hay stored frayed rope hung rafter corner small clutter rusted chain broken lantern bits kind farm machinery things katie didn recognize edwin decided upstairs house unexplored hold possibilities heavenly spot mouse upstairs interest bedrooms barn bare katie john found treasure deserted house course opened door bedroom low door height tugged open found small storage attic sloping roof house crawled shut air hot stuffy dark spied edwin box carton heavy shoved bedroom light
ha ha howard shouted katie john bites death fetched rumbling belch perfected weeks practice katie john felt actual pain revulsion looked howard face red laughing wondered played repulsive creature howard bunch re plain disgusting yes put priscilla part crowd gathered howard unwound bandage wonder hate boys katie john aw katie howard don hate boys cut pigtails didn want look pretty ruffled hair pretty pretty girl katie kicked leg furiously pete sammy jostled pulling hair chanting pretty pretty girl red rage katie kicked kicked boy range hated boys meant boys hopped holding legs katie pointed shoes contact girls crowded katie wiped hot face breathed heavily katie john maybe teach boys yes nasty things maybe leave girls boys awful wish girls school priscilla katie john expanded approval boys declared loudly boys hear put poison bite
days passed repulsive shoved stinker girls led priscilla closed repulsive kicking screaming repulsives help bit disadvantage stinkers full powers kicking repulsives trained wrong hit girl encounter result number boys limped classroom aisles boyle ruled fighting playground boy girl seen fighting pages arithmetic boys stopped shoving girls girls congratulated won question boys girls playing recess boys played baseball girls skipped rope katie john chant skipping rope girls jumped sang hate boys boys hate stinker act times girls linked arms walked playground singing katie chant loud happy voices sue hung katie saw glancing bob schoolwork suffered repulsives stinkers busy hating pay attention lessons betsy ann suggested repulsives recite lots class grades papers studious boys rallied competition girls outshone boys
window sink netta put clippings look washed dishes covered area feet wide feet deep hodgepodge pictures articles yellowed water spotted netta picture window katie john heart beat faster climbed counter began reading top row faded newspaper articles business opportunities california wonderful california weather picture caravan shaggy camels mongolia cut national geographic magazine katie gave trying read clippings orderly fashion looked page pictures identifying kinds owls article proper antidotes kinds poisons picture himalaya mountains picture castle rhine river germany article advice baby colic gist article baby knees warm middle window magazine drawing boys raft floating river rafting river someday katie thought eyes moved articles pictures katie interested homemade valentine children drawings discovered family things valentine heart cut red paper expertly pasted frilly white paper pasted middle heart tiny picture cupid
katie john relieved find sue meantime girls decided call howard bunch talking priscilla insisted looking number phone book katie john watched half fascinated half disgusted betsy ann put pencil teeth hello mouthed pencil howard bunch elm street run past house boy katie john muttered sue joke stop betsy shrieked telephone priscilla put head betsy laughed maniacs receiver priscilla change fast weeks ago chief boy hater school talked boys repulsive clods paying attention katie suddenly realized business clothes counting straps dancing calling boys added boy chasing home coming sue katie john threw coat waiting friend sidewalk exploded boy chasing katie john re fun fun ha popular songs dancing calling boys call fun haven important sue murmured soothingly thing katie john surged silly giggly
class cut circle red paper pinned hole sweater morning recess sue asked red circle spare belly button honestly katie john re awful matter fact katie john felt awful soon wasn going admit want spare belly button worried lines sue face smoothed decision katie john don re acting strangely re friend going tell re plain vulgar huh thing sue awful sweater skirt don sextet sings pta program heavens katie forgotten look bum standing girls pretty dresses thought wildly running home noon change clothes lunch wait wasn giving acting rest girls thinking clothes difference clothes told care clothes don want dumb sweetly sweet girl anyway rest morning battle inside katie john wanted chance
certainly hard rock katherine john tucker honestly katie john remembered ladies home manual lady dependable trust utterly sorry mother threw hands don mind katie john offered vacuum parlor promising job sharp miss crackenberry spy thread carpet morning passed quick lunch dad escaped house afternoon mrs tucker katie laid tea things dining room table nicely view parlor open folding doors despite nut bread flurry katie john felt sweet gracious thought hang pointing toes curving fingers speaking softly took maidenly pleasure sight tea table silver gleaming cakes cookies arranged crystal hand painted china plates dainty spoons lined mother decided nut bread pretty hard didn crumble katie john buttered ready thirty approaching tea ladies katie john retired room dress took netta fan drawer pushed holding hands considered carrying decided didn nerve
rhoda phillips asked going halloween party sure katie john mother let guess hey sally fat girl ran school hallway katie john going halloween party mother let katie called idea worked developed katie mind school halloween party yes fun chance kind normal footing girls halloween sue party katie house wonderful mother agree let invite sue course rhoda started idea helen singing sextet supposed ask priscilla gang ask lou louisa beauty real quiet mouse certainly beauty called lou interesting look face katie john thought lou guests fiddle couldn halloween girls class invited couldn leave hurt party included home school katie john sue full chatter idea
play hide seek basement lights lots scary fun upstairs refreshments mother katie john planned party food popcorn balls cookies orange black icing pumpkin tarts mother idea orange punch katie afraid help preparation food fear awful mother promised check step working alongside halloween details mother dad agreed answer door hand cookies trick treaters katie john free run party dad offered carve big pumpkins front porch centerpiece refreshment table small dark corners cellar burnt cork ready smear daughter face making black ghost costume trouble katie john warned watkins renter floor impending party promised girls stay floor disturb sleep watkins night watchman flour mill slept early evening big assured solemnly halloween night early protect halloween night katie john black ghost surveyed mirror dining room sideboard
excitement katie john began smack center surely picture boys raft floating river magazine drawing bygone style gave feeling lapping water lazing sun warmed boards raft floating mississippi yes katie john breathed softly difference netta girl days bustles swoopy hats river kid felt call river boys maybe raft grown bride eighteen twenty put picture memory river rafting days dear netta katie john hoped rafting put hair lady arranged river raft drawing pictures castle shaggy camels jagged snowy mountains young bride dreamed faraway places katie interpreted couple newspaper clippings poem delights going barefoot river rafting barefoot ladylike days tomboy clipping recipe bleaching freckles ha printed heavy ink ago freckles bothered laugh recipe didn widening circle katie john found articles baby care page pictures identifying kinds owls family things
write edwin certainly didn believe worst boy knew katie john moved bigger important problem going edwin wanted wasn going easy couldn simply walk say sorry say sorry sorry things gotten mixed sorry floundering directions couple months sorry friends anymore couldn say feel dumb edwin feel dumb boy hater reputation complicate matters edwin think started talking hanging kids think katie john set school feeling walking tightrope anxious knowing bring careful steps took school today walking sue confessed wrote awful lot horrible things slam books sue going change wrote guess didn mean things katie true loyal friend arrived school plenty bell sue set equipment weather project katie looking girls slam books
embarrassment moment katie plunged talking saw trench dug deserted farm digging indian stuff edwin face lit katie john think found indian burial mound eagerly told stone hatchet gully bank digging calkins things digging trench carefully picking earth find things lay archeologists dig found earthen pot pieces broken bones buried treasure katie john exclaimed suddenly remembering gypsy fortuneteller street fair prediction true edwin knew fortuneteller hurried storing words months burial mound sac fox indians reading tribes lived going tell boyle maybe notify archeology professor university dig sure help yeah hurry ground frozen winter dig think katie john maybe spring university bring students
ago vanilla williams dunham redfields twelve reputation pure guts uphold took look beautiful brown face re vanilla re chocolate eyed moment taking worn jeans faded shirt maybe deciding dumb show mean racist broad drawl yo honey honey sweet found soon spoke accent redfields originally mississippi real southern drawls called vanilla tease van week redfields didn remember lived guess officially called mother helper wasn arrangement help housework meals college redfields met nevada worked singer small club liked silas redfield successful businessman finished high school thought van determination college admirable brought home
grandpa whitehouse wouldn give daddy money told daddy didn give mom didn believe started quarreling kitchen mom screamed cried stamped feet called daddy liar yelled wished married daddy quiet trying talk wouldn listen told grandpa funny word bankrupt screamed louder voice worse heard liar saying liar liar liar heard daddy say clearly kind cold anger night going wasn suppertime pulled covers crawled bed clothes pulled covers head tears throat hard breathe hear mom sobbing pulled covers tighter ears horrible feeling mom daddy forgotten reason couldn cry awhile things calmed daddy managed find car afford fixing mornings wouldn start beggars choosers honey lot night home smelling whiskey acting
couldn believe luck sure wouldn mind leslie positively glad wait till tell re real artist think wonderful makes piano lessons terrible lynnie stink lynn laughed sure don let mom hear leslie nodded explained mommy hates words stink puke sweat says ladies don talk fashioned lynn smiled proper words leslie dear odor sick perspire leslie stuck tongue sister minute dear sweating possibly stink re baaad hurry sandwiches starving death honey leslie want help lamp re sure casually excited thought seeing inside big white house kind nervous leslie didn notice public school asked yes realized didn attend hyde asked wilcox country wish public wear dumb uniforms wear real clothes school wilcox country asked kind school private scornfully mary tillis goes honey gym shorts
van answered door wrapped huge white terrycloth robe barefoot saw gave sigh relief honey folks dinner leslie hop shower half turned leave disappoined hey listen honey big favor date tonight shower dress redfield asked wait palmer supposed drop important papers snorted minute shower ring doorbell didn wait finish sure van glad answer door stepped held door wide walked past front hall suddenly put slim brown hand shoulder turned face hey hair turned head side lord girl side inch shorter looks ran lawn mower looks awful felt blush didn think looked bad didn appreciate telling leslie lynn afford real haircuts beauty parlor weeks didn mean cut honey rotten job
plain fact wanted hurt danny didn journal winter asking question mean danny wrote lots poems read looking clues couldn figure love snake slithered inside thinking insults sarcastic remarks forgiving saying understand real dope angel person exact opposite horrible cruel person worse couldn help wicked snake wouldn mean danny mrs dunphy consolation easy love bessie dunphy cup hot cocoa topped marshmallow fluff cold homemade doughnuts starving death guess natural think terms food known insisted feeding hired read newspaper latest sellers magazines subscribed
didn feel tough home afternoon saw white van maine license plates able help excited scared hesitated door heard mom say took deep breath walked holding notebook dear sitting round kitchen table stood impression smaller thinner shorter remembered thought big broad strong re grown honey quietly sadly course foot lot taller girl left inches taller eyes looked bluer clearer remembered maybe early spring face neck deeply tanned mom looking dad hands picking nervously tablecloth softened poor mom tell hoping wouldn give problems okay wouldn nasty didn mean blubbery sentimental hi politely didn fine honey
prices menu shocked mom meal going cost spent food week hated big spender sure think food yummy kinds rich creamy sauces pastries served end meal fantasy mom clapped hands kid waiter wheeled pastry cart lovely breathed looked dad eyelashes shouldn indulge fat dad covered hand anne look beautiful perfect eyes met look kiss don think meant damn sitting days loving fighting leaving wasn fair guess mother told writing past daddy looked mom accusingly seen letter didn stiffly raised eyebrows looked mom mom lowered eyes didn tell honey ed thought wait decided definite didn want hopes
fine find girl leave patty wade instance big crush thrilled death leaving danny shook head kidding re girl girl heart boom boom don sappy angrily lot baloney didn want say didn want miss didn want think ahead interesting anyway voice sly snakelike asked face innocent smiling boys going meet maine hating words smile disappeared knew stood looked moment shook head sadly wish didn walked thought fiercely makes easier didn care started spending studio hours spent staring space helped mom packing escaped chance wanting talk eat daddy notice face worried looked
minute saw knew happened asked looking searchingly golden tan heat hair outrageously curly realized absolutely gorgeous question mind danny sorry maine boys mean grinned mad father quietly face knew didn figured beginning horrible danny stand understood knew felt mother pretty idea felt dad thought wanted love honey danny whispered didn check looking leaned table gave longest kiss love heart going boom boom boom boom minute softly eyes looking deep mine going miss wailed reached hand
kid hand plainclothesman flipping black wallet open badge ratty kid flinched hugged crumpled brown paper bag chest detective cocked head snap chewing gum hand arms outstretched move teeth kid pin striped shirt big flapped wind cop changed stance meant kid hand kid fast pushed took full tilt crowded street bag glued chest hands pushing hard thighs wanted kid cop fired warning shots air kid streaked street spun lady huddled grocery bag teetered worn widow heels fell bright florida oranges bounced street pulpy ping pong balls kid turned alleyway mother turned television set picture soured electric swallow graham sharply eleven thirty morning don think early television supposed muttered gave looks completely bored possibility considered
cop car smoothly cruising closer closer shark authority chrome armor janey loosened hanging window camera cocked hand janey stop acting ass screamed turned sank seat picture pouting spoiled brat don sense started say tortoise put hand arm calm going smile frozen face don look look straight ahead cop car riding suddenly intercom voice muffler fixed policeman clicked microphone put car taxied turnpike graham picture janey whined hoping argue paid attention grabbed beer took big gulp told seventh grade hall monitors tortoise lucky lucky cop didn want leave air conditioned comfort car added claire worries guys rich remember boasted tortoise money bails comes law dad says money car asked claire
shut troubles flicked radio nights white satin claire mind scene hated tortoise dropped thirty realized glazed dope booze stoned wanted put part stash walked middle dinner sorry late family circle kitchen table chicken cacciatore poured milk hi grammy sister suzie willing cute hi suzie hi mom hi pop son asked dad friends answer snapped mother listen hassles huh going sit eat don give ulcer arguing took mouthful swig milk dad realized asked trying hard civil father sat relaxed letting suit wrinkle insurance business pretty kind school boring bad attitude son important dad starting thing
tortoise stayed suppose lawyer pulled strings arraigned early saw tortoise don weird left transistor radio kind left company tortoise remembers leaving tortoise friend considerate feeling guilty turned small metal dial clicked opened middle song singer sang bass thumped lead winding yearning riff laid bed let tune head stared ceiling let pass missed cigarettes hoped things going think missed tortoise wzit wzit wzit radio watch ten thirty sang electric canaries part harmony cop door feet boy re wanted court half hour sounded half hour quickly snapped radio cop unlocked door clem looked orphan pup friend didn cell anymore pouted stared directly coveted radio hands clank cell door open clem stretched mouth tried speak
don corned beef mommy mcdonald shush suzie eat meat dad arline eaten mom wasn listening busy thinking getting upset honest mom cabbage tremendous wolfing mother looked disgust don roll cigarette smoke god pissed threw fork bounced table hit floor shit say words shit hungry shit going lie suzie put hand mouth eyes blue merry crescents thought funny dishes mom trying mother table walked room white pain headaches leave daddy suzie tilting head smiling yes dear suzie plopped chair scampered hear stomp room snap television looney tunes father turned graham upset mother likewise ruined household high pot couldn look felt shit graham thing drugs hurting thing suffer expense
clancey stocky lifted balls feet aiming head judge watching brown slits eyes wore thin cotton shirt crimson tie clancey lawyer walked briskly bench dressed ivy league mannequin started speech honor plea guilty consider george clancey thirty employee singer warehouse skilled forklift driver happily married son david offense auto theft examine circumstances unfortunate episode wrong place wrong judge listened poured water eyes concentrating liquid rising glass attorney finished speech judge spoke sentence george clancey eighteen months prison shrill horrible wail row wife mother turned watched woman twist handkerchief face feel sorry woman mother wonder happen listen mom whispered afternoon mean soap opera guy screwed wall sssh graham language clancey led handcuffed bailiff sifted papers announced york samson
pushed hard barely talk remember excuse playing basketball quit lying haven lost sense smell reek liquor mother car turned driveway fast screeched stop missing suzie tricycle snapped motor car tried brace instant replay father rage door opened god graham voice low face white answer high school looking hey mom heard playing basketball mean heard interrupted hear mister sorry playing basketball chris sake lying arline look smell dad stepping wash guest comes turned started bathroom don tell smells mother spun kitchen empty scotch bottle hand found bed morning paralyzed heard grabbed shoulder pulled
started hoping college student hip real heap passed worse tortoise falcon car past heard brakes squeal swung lights red side road thank god wondered bothered pick ran car pain backpack bouncing place window barely inside thanks going miles looked hip strands hair reached shoulders cool start opened door put pack seat sat front seat ripped mounds cotton coming springs creaked sounded rusted started usual ride kind car fifty desoto wow turned key motor turned car started roll tired yellow headlights led highway driver pressed accelerator slowly surely car struggled fifty wind floorboards feel asphalt air rustle beneath road dug car jittered highway
graham jane pretending puffed mad car janey fishing purse keys hurry janey whined gotta celebrate janey stared bright red roof depressed looked pulled key car reached front seat pulled button opened door shuffled inside snap vinyl upholstery smelled car love car pride need college divorce looked windshield seen pass nice problems bothered don feel bad short ugly feel comfort wasn working janey started car put reverse backed parking space put car drive moved lot steadily moving traffic wonder mom going dinner tonight janey watched cars yield sign pulled highway wish buy yellow sandals burke babbled pretended listening searched underneath seat beautiful
betsy confused wasn sure meant die peter asked mother won peter betsy peter died body stopped working move speak feel touch hands wind hurt peter betsy asked mother body special room hospital called morgue days buried ground body part earth help living things trees flowers grow ground won cold lonely sounds scary yes sound scary agreed mother remember betsy peter alive feel scared feel betsy thought moment asked peter put ground put mother peter buried ground special ceremony called funeral family friends buried daddy asked betsy excitedly father betsy thought moment think scary
betsy jumped didn want talk peter wanted play puzzles began think peter suddenly frightened rushed parents question die peter asked understand worry betsy mother die lived chance things child dies peter boys girls grow finish school children asked betsy sure answered mother gave warm hug betsy felt hearing later stomachache sleep night awakened dream frightened cried parents bedroom sat side bed betsy father asked bad dream betsy couldn remember parents thought betsy upset bad dream peter died mother hard sleep cared died fair cried betsy boy
betsy felt parents told started think peter parents sad don boy anymore hug play yes betsy mother softly sad sure miss peter want peter mommy daddy give big hug kiss maybe feel lovely thought father special comfort able talk peter friend share things peter things betsy draw picture peter paint beautiful picture hang room special picture remember peter look think look tell painted peter think betsy school peter class alive teacher mrs brown asked children sit circle talk peter remembered sally peter reddest hair seen
tall guy spoke easy looked jeremy thought selling trying help types television hard figure minister brown suede jacket chukka boots moved closer mike traditionally church sanctuary open church resisting draft arrests arrests church past draft age arrested support resisters sanctuary eric squinting sun busted big deal bath die arrested letter jeremy boy going conscientious student saw going cage jeremy began move crowd broke open space minister suddenly shouted conscription slaves free jeremy sat bench eric joining maybe jeremy eric stretched legs looked trees
yeah expected big tough spade ready break didn smart hour flat thin thirteen comes sliding polite shy began showing things clear fine kid head needed fundamentals jesus schools kids supposed disturbed jeremy asked disturbed mean christ don disturbed kids class sarah dropping acid weekends head re premature parent peter scowled don put grass makes feel classifies disturbed listen acid maybe present stage mind safe acid grass disturbed grass listen head shop depends kind head want straight american head sleeping pills scotch traditional ways cutting high frequencies realize folks lows highs anyway part american head going bag
say say idea talking look don trust list allowed hanging potheads kinds drug takers associate called revolutionaries mean career file kind subversive listen government security agencies operate pictures demonstrations lists compiled kinds meetings subscribe kinds publications saying favor going going going want stay clean strong beliefs politics trouble don don things clearly country talks peace makes war country talks freedom tries run things country hated especially young
told wasn marijuana studying kinds herbs imagine daughter treats astrologer nerve sheer nerve trying pull kids school selling school strict rule caught marijuana call throw contributed building fund kind school integrity re blind integrity didn kick mark girl grounded rest home clock dates house happens yes sam interested learning possibility sanctions happens told awful punishment wouldn tell give chance don damn haven thought ideas allowance thought mother slip side tell trust anymore business marriage sneaking tell send boarding school hah
heart attack forty looked obituary page scanned crowded cafeteria left month paul stone forty thought high school smart boy cool tough inside pleasant remote sam knew law sam realized paul important rate paragraphs times paul sam stared coffee sighed terrible terrifying pain arm chest black takes longer puts hospital bed knowing stop saw looking hospital window alive street choice truth truth mean hide fear meant give damn anyway lillian sit fake cheerfulness aching room jeremy stare stare jeremy soon kid stayed home soon lillian stayed home felt eyes water disgusted wrong pity paid check street
father fork don principled objection fork fingers weird thirty died asked irritated sam looked son taking piece steak fingers ask lived kid wanted left ask interested pursue meantime brother died god knows cousins kind farm thought jews allowed land russia exceptions grandfather don kind farm remember talked fish suppose farm farm raised animals kind grain don kind school parents uncle kind radical arrested don happened didn find family want look regret
courtroom building massive ceiling high room feel small justice huge invisible looking keeping clear unblinking eye judge lawyers defendants watching jeremy slid seat feel kinda left mike snatching grabbed don understand point general saw guys secret entrance left don papers star general sneak dinner start think opposing afraid face maybe think think crack nuts sweep left street cops think jeez don deny kids provoking wow cops start swinging freak seen faces hated didn hated looked scary mean read stuff police mentality dangerous job re uptight wow re menace public order
won hershey spreading butter thickly roll tell worry won makes sure seen signs fanatic don fanatic overnight playing part remember going socialist party victories give lives lives party studying party taking girls didn marx stalin nicely curved daydreams counted nuts tell meetings read books girls took pass political tests homely today teddy thrown union wasn democratic working crummy job going meetings discussions willie idealist gotta relevant word relevant teaching bedford stuyvesant heard saw ago dried light eyes crazy light seen light boy eyes worry course worry re father underneath worrying don worry
sure lanky guffawed investigating investigating general laughter think mrs wilson thing easily profitably trips museums theater share impressions mike shut eyes criss snorted blank mrs wilson writing enthusiastically draft counseling idea jeremy look leaned forward yeah puerto rican couple negro boys nodded assent part stein don jeremy answered sharply intended interested addresses phone numbers leave phone puerto rican mrs wilson smiled trips jeremy turned maybe thing help table able maybe grow hook draft counseling projects mean wasn getting lost jail mean asked mike meeting ended stein connor agreeing consult respective forces things
sunday church tell sunday jancsi saw family father ranch thousands sheep horses cows pigs chickens ducks geese donkey didn children suit jancsi lonesome poor jancsi ten horses brother figured give donkey sister horses donkey ranch miles miles village walk busy drive weekdays jancsi ten asked opinion school read write ranch reality fairy story mother knew lots fairy stories dragons golden haired princesses lived glittering castles jancsi thought houses budapest gold diamond windows city rode pure white horses wore silk gowns cousin kate golden curls rosy cheeks big blue eyes wear white silk flowing gown voice honey jancsi dreamland dragon capture jancsi rescue
father rode jancsi working fury trying finish chores quickly surprise kate twelve brand ducklings poultry yard finished quicker expected mother vegetable patch spading soil seedlings walked house called kate emerged bedroom walking primly awkwardly looked girl warning flashed jancsi mind looks angel contemplating disastrous mind extra careful took chicken coop showed nests hens sitting eggs kate bound break eggs chicks inside solemn promise call chickens began break saved lives future chicks pigsty total failure entertainment kate held nose walked jancsi took cows ride cow asked kate jancsi laughed silly re milk cows milk cows don tell stories re chocolate cows re brown finally understood milk cow milk didn want believe milk grows bottles wasn interested argue hated milk geese ducks interesting giggled funny ducks waddled shook tails
horse keeps bobbing high complained kate eying ground suspiciously high higher rafters giggled jancsi didn bob troubled answer took kate bobbing learned sit straight loose rewarded jancsi gleaming smile let fast today kate sore anyway saddle kate wouldn dismount coaxed begged wheedled jancsi horses trot stopped horses spite dark sulky look whee ee let loud scream jancsi horse immediately violent action turned round round spinning top dug hoofs ground trying throw jancsi rose hind legs thrashing air viciously front hoofs jancsi clung plunging animal talking soft reassuring voice finally succeeded bringing horse shivering stop dismounting looked kate incredible child sat mare watching interest screaming monkey panted jancsi wait till riding horse kate didn notice mad gee jancsi ride wonderful armchair pointing horse stood fun
island caught words bright wild flowers possessed riches grove trees precious metals lay beneath surface small mighty kingdom titan promised delos fame riches rest flowery meadows delos fear hera wrath lose island sat leto rest offer safe birthplace children leto waded shores delos island floated soon gave birth twins boy girl boy god apollo sister goddess artemis important godly family high olympus poseidon god sea anchored delos ocean bottom birth shrine apollo golden god island famous festival held temple erected apollo huge statue god brought riches temple wealthy merchants dwell houses worthy gods leto promise abundantly fulfilled apollo loved gods mount olympus golden god brightness sunshine surrounded gifts mankind precious gold
cheeks paled listened words knew danger defying gods queen actually insulting seer dared angry queen heart feared niobe watched dread women removed crowns smothered smoldering incense leto soon learned niobe defiance gods knew mortals defied mocked called apollo artemis summit mount cynthus highest point island delos island heavily indented shores blue aegean waters biting deep green land queen thebes greatly insulted informed twins dared mock children sons daughters dared destroy alters apollo broke heard longer stay longer punishment delayed artemis agreed mother watched glide air thebes bows hand arrows bronze quivers backs parade ground walls thebes young nobles city liked display horsemanship groomed steeds bridled gold sons niobe wheeled galloped chargers brilliance saddle cloths bright show color glossy hides horses
wanderings god seen land fair knew shrine seat oracle addition gifts apollo gift prophecy descended earth place mist rose deep chasm oracle established delphi titan themis abode guard sanctuary huge serpent called python apollo enter sanctuary python gliding breathing fire thrashing coils side side young god fitted arrow bow winging body huge snake continued menace god wasn apollo emptied quiverful arrows scaly body python finally lay dead knowing stand son zeus themis took apollo left possession fairest spot earth castalian spring spill purifying waters cleft mighty mountain stony basin known kings lay treasure feet oracle delphi receive prophecies temple arose base mountain temple apollo inside stone marking center portal inscriptions reflecting character god light thyself excess celebrate victory python apollo established sacred games called pythian games serpent conquered
finished staring suggest effort mallory jaw dropped fell heels trembling run curious able suddenly mind tale dwarf beard caught stump creature trapped bigger dwarf imagined snapped voice despite bewilderment mallory sprang obey braced took firm hold bending strength arms hands force open crack desperately wished hatchet iron bar knife woodcutters left ax handle halted breathless shaking torn fingers glance fell pointed stone snatched worked crevice stone pounded makeshift wedge looked tree meantime begun rocking watched crown balding head wreathed strands grizzled hair thrust trunk lean wrinkled face beard tangled splinters cobwebs trailed nose clump mushrooms sprouted ear bright eyes blinked furiously mean mallory stammered tree
staring empty hands arbican sank clump grass eager real wizard cast spell mallory concerned arbican shaken failure unable speak face clouded furrows brow deepened wretched crammed tree muttered happened clumsiest apprentice charm hang darts fish head magic enchanters lose power happened tales tales course lose power seldom happens seldom shut tree think carefully worry giving gift mallory suggested strain don want trouble gift cried arbican suppose worried conjuring trivial reward vale innis forgotten haven forgotten snapped arbican mean reach going details put simply powers stuck tighter mortal tree stay mallory surely find learn trade wanted need stonemason plenty carpenter
purple blush spread mrs parsel cheeks attempt giggle snort batted eyes girlishly taut bodice pulled handerkerchief fluttered squire kitchen mallory help overhearing exchange parsels scrupnor thoughts lay hands leftovers find arbican fast snatched half loaf bread remnant cheese dropped basket common room rowan notary sitting chewing end clay pipe dark suited hair powdered style glanced scrupnor air distaste leaned forward chair quietly parsel understand don parsel squire holds title property short inn belongs paid interest scrupnor turned quickly notary need opinion opinion replied rowan merely remind parsel terms re drawn understand position clearly give knowing consent consents declared scrupnor leave lawyer pettifogging turned mrs parsel terms generous agreed tradesman account don deny existence invidious malcontents harnessmaker cooper
played slept drank mother milk began catch odd mouse finding food hayloft mother paid attention held firm paw washed ears bottoms snuggling close belly feed fall asleep kittens didn mind busy growing night mother wooden ladder barn floor slid door hole worn disappeared dawn kittens stayed hayloft didn dream change aware creatures cats existed barn floor chickens wandered morning songbirds stirred farm rooster crowed awake highest beam barn screech owl slept eaves swallows nested mother told creatures called told farm animals seen pigs lived stone sty sheep wandered meadow barn told pasture side farmhouse horses moved cropping grass farmer daughters rode backs told ducks pond sight pasture told huge chicken strutted smaller chicken turkey
boy mean kim lifted shoulders boy absolutely enormous white tootsies kim looked closer toes foot seen dumb wouldn cat bet liked wearing baby clothes goodness sakes mother coming porch going cat missy steps studied lying contentedly missy arms declare barn cats expect mother looking kim missy broken poor mother heart missy looked mother don believe pleased punch animals treat children rid fast girl looked alarmed words stirred mother glad rid seen ago lurking larkspur watching called effort lure missy arms glad damped spurt sadness glad going live house wear pretty clothes afternoon bundled box driven stitch horrible place called veterinarian
cat farmers animals herding sheep laying eggs catching rats turning hams lie looking dressed mind stalk juniper comfortable wood stove kitchen rain rattled windows wind whirled house thought family sleeping cold straw thought quiz claro sheep standing meadow getting drenched thought pigs grunting damp stone house wearing ski outfit riding doll buggy getting small price pay warm sheltered house cat safe storm small price winter land lay shawl snow air cold clear glass darkening dusk farmhouse chimney smoke rose tall tree animals frigid fewer sheep disappeared pigs hogs turkey horses raced colts breath gauzy rooster looking finicky stalked yard lifting legs high juniper walking fence lines farmer barn cats animals free dressed feathers fur walked hallway lashing tail
cup ranofer admitted reflection small ingot cup pictured goldhouse skill fashion rekh goldsmith zau greatest goldworker thebes cup zau master artist fingers spring objects wonderful beauty cups bowls boxes necklaces daggers golden collars bracelets exquisite amulets pharaoh served smith think pupil someday father lived ranofer thought accept ai father died live gebu heard gebu unwelcome picture gebu face broke ranofer preoccupation scattering daydreams rousing present reality zau master place aware voices clang tools mud walled courtyard sharp hot odor metal mingling soft afternoon breeze nile month hathor season growing air cool despite heat hooded furnaces lined courtyard lord ra sun scorch burn pleasant wintertime shed radiant light beneficently brown backs bent striking blue gleams ink black hair snowy kilts glancing blinding intensity gold ingots gold wire coils scraps bits gold littered low worktables
ails honored master murmured boy wonder evil find heart rob rekh homely faced relaxed pleasure accustomed called honored master lowliest hireling trouble head ranofer weigh sweep robber task difficult continue rekh frowned suddenly explored boy bare shoulder fingers turned stripe young nay beats boy week ranofer shrank hastily grasp pardon neb rekh weigh sweep scarlet shame dodged craftsman workbench hurried scales eyes floor waited weigher sang measure scribe took bowl hurried leaving rekh frowning shoulder begun throb smart goldsmith touch sleeping devil roused angry wakefulness greatest pain mind humiliating measure attention called welts lying mark slave crocodiles eat gebu seen shop doubt scorning poor sort creature cringing puny unable defend
artisans full laughter vigorous western half thebes called city dead objects fashioned skill vanished egypt tombs possessions dead lowliest fisherman eternal rest accompanied food furniture length linen string beads weapons tools comforts living provide ba loved beginning thousand land west wealthy tombs underground mansions crammed gold treasure death provided constant market wares city dead living bought shops hummed industry craftsmen artisans homeward bound turned direction nile high ferry boats waited eastern thebes majority scattered homes shops city dead ranofer lacked eagerness contrary nearer drew street slowly walked times home evening dreaded soul gebu aspects noisily jocular ferociously quiet knowing expect choose ranofer ago learned
fine fortunate favored gods lacked thing place seal total success place soon ranofer timed leaving coincide heqet friend stepped confidently courtyard gate shadows striping street goldsmiths spotted babylonian waiting doorway ahead walked nervous trying show surely heqet ibni dare approach ibni easily put boys drew doorway stepped grinning bobbing head holding wineskin gift honored brother young ranofer pray carry home true poor gift unworthy wine wife dates humble ranofer drew breath faced gebu want bids tell wine waiting effect words hurried heqet glancing shoulder queer fellow porter remarked think offended friend ranofer ugly glint eye let fetch carry think half crocodile grin stinking breath
rapidly ranofer explained hearthstone mold stone ground flat bar shaped depression center grooves scraped let air talked wired block charcoal firmly end stone began measuring snippets metal hollow charcoal gold copper makes solder rich color copper solder flow easily add silver put fire nay stone amon turn thing block charcoal want heat true donkeyhead heqet meekly ranofer laughed grew nay saw asking questions blame friend fool pours beer vessel making sure leak look charcoal glowing boys leaned oven ranofer metal snippings collapsed liquid tilt gently watched molten puddle run hollowed charcoal stone mold wired half minute later knocking thin flat bar solder workbench ranofer picked showed heqet snipping tell thing
ah greetings feared missed gift mistaken yesterday told message honored half brother find misunderstood surely wine grapes give ranofer set teeth snatched wineskin stalked babylonian taking pleasure treading toe passed half blind angry tears walked straight heqet lurking doorway farther street waiting ranofer motioned silence wineskin aye heqet spoil plan tomorrow won spoils proof need hand wait wait wait collected wineskin wait days difference want wait heqet touched ranofer shoulder awkwardly fear catch tortoise snail ranofer tried smile help feeling heqet smile unfortunately chosen started homeward hated wineskin arm arrived street crooked dog found gebu roaring humor knew beatings
cool days winter passed face egypt changed accordance rhythm nile miraculous river brought wealth valley watered fall overflowed banks spread fields silver flood islands disappeared animals walked business crisscross network dykes winter waters withdrew leaving thick layer mud black fertile crops grew egypt lands eked slowly river shrank grain sprouted grew covered black emerald continued shrink powerful sun emerald ripened gold harvest fields gather gold grain fodder wake reapers scythes black land showed stubble longer moist rich bone hard desiccated beginning crack directions burning sun eventually cracks spread treacherous gashes ten fifteen feet deep wide trap leg temple building ceased season free fields faces stonecutting shop changed top craftsmen young apprentices continued stones gebu shop remaining hours morning afternoon personally overseeing working alongside craftsmen
spring heat swelled river shrank ranofer heqet met able midday evening frequently ancient joined bringing nelumbo nuts cackling laugh sly wise teasing morning delays heqet finally instructed beading goldhouse evening told ranofer easy liked tools remember charcoal block tiny round depressions rekh keeps big furnace storage shelf aye remember simply melt scraps metal hollows sweep today puddles turn color block fire minute turn beads boil pickle wash water ready soldered rekh bracelet making judge lady aye rings winding wire straight thin rod clipping twist aye links learned ago links links pack layer finely broken charcoal clay box
ranofer stammering force wanting stone shop end pai delays stupid task stay sight slip lays tool happen sort stake fetch zau design golden masks makes fit faces tombs stake cracked ordering rekh leave copied generous rekh kinsman brother wife meet big tree aba potter zau shop palace aye thanks friend dragged slowly usual prospect glittering end ranofer nicked hand carelessly chisel visions wonderful objects zau shop danced mind speak zau speak face face thinking ask fare tell asks
exactly dear watson replied rush flourish toast propose build dam foot bathing pool waterfall begins oliver randy greeted idea enthusiasm play involved plenty water mud agreeable mona idea points hard digging rocks hauling logs building sort walk brook ideas dam constructed air rang quivered commands directions opinions arguments frequent arguments carried earsplitting pitch competition noisy waterfall dogs isaac john doe added general pandemonium running fro bank barking barked voices raised strange character melendy shown rush instance fourteen strong age bare ribs indian brave striped mud slapped furiously mosquitoes worked violently fast lugged biggest rocks lifted heaviest loads grunted struggled perspired forced give rest sheer exhaustion mona eldest pretty past fifteen job stuff chinks stones dead leaves wads moss grass water pouring efficiently quickly pausing look dark reflection pool wash mud fastidious fingers certainly bothered
took persephone goat kid willy white chickens stable took dam father overwhelmed piece engineering cried strong big johnstown flood break open rush told modestly course working enjoy swimming water deepest part collarbone stood contemplating father silent admiration rest silent pride creation piercing blast front door house cuffy blowing police whistle meant supper ready randy danced lawn ahead father look walk toes sneakers pair real toe shoes think mona arm linked father oliver hanging hand rush walked talking isaac john doe circled madly barking scuffling showing father big dogs delicious fragrance food floated kitchen windows wait till hear piece rush saying schumann novelette boy tough mona macbeth heart parts supper oliver president washington father shake hand talk
rush sister miranda randy corrected randy indignantly understand collect scrap glad lots hope carrying carriage rush elegantly daphne run dave round stuff rush randy show barn turned dave helping father hay rains door daphne stopped shy passed baby brother alexander getting tooth looks folks baby scowling alexander addison rush going amount maybe grow famous inventor news commentator alexander addison repeated randy sounds signed declaration independence maybe governor ambassador pop says ly champion hog caller grows daphne account holler mad barn barn splendid word huge crimson ridgepole ornamented lightning rods weather vanes dovecots ventilators shaped medieval pavilions inside daphne place lofty cathedral full gold hay golden heady smell high dusky shadows roof barn swallows twittered darted ridgepole soft stutterings pigeons straw scattered floor stepped rooster quivering comb
stay dip lend suit rush insisted mark hesitated looked longingly pool turned rush smile okay minutes feet rush quick light glad story mistake staring house approached sure looks nice dump rush sternly pride voice city tent thing tower top windows roof bet wonderful place sleep maybe spend night sleep marks bright gaze wavered guess grinned sure glad say don sister wednesday raining urgency voice rush addisons glad mark glad glad swim tried dive rush dave spent happy high pitched hour instructing rudiments art girls dabbled talked farther end pool daphne telling mark undertone cousin treats awful mean hits daphne stared appalled eyes treading water stared school black eye eat lunch pail dave try give awful proud mark
building anticlimax rush randy going special secret going oliver fish replied oliver scraping egg need ask mona ten days suppose fishing important thing knows breakfast randy rush picnic lunch rush sandwiches massive untidy things drippy mayonnaise pieces lettuce hanging fringe randy preferred stuffed hard boiled eggs took milk thermos bottle rode recklessly road bicycles morning lighted valley streamed past glittering blazing dew alive sound birds rush coasted hill arms folded feet handle bars heaven knows didn break neck randy dangerous mind picnic lunch basket singing top lungs speed bonny boat bird wing sea skye randy feeling concentrated pumped hard bicycle leave earth entirely soaring dazzling sky soon oren meeker crooked mailbox shadow trees hung road suddenly heard birds randy bicycle kind scary road maybe kind person lives rush
look cried randy phlox small puny weeds growing yes lilac bush comes spring mark told smell foot hill lilies valley spread woods leaves look apple trees dead wood apples kind small sure taste showed mourning dove nest lilac bush swifts nests mud inside chimney showed deep doorways entrance escape belonging woodchuck present tenant house showed leaned stone rim looked saw water black ink bottle dark reflection heads thick fur green moss clinging stones rush dropped pebble waited breathing splash hollow echoing empty plop special sound randy saying pebble dropped hundred mark tell dropped dozens pebbles sound love place randy let picnic maybe apples ripe home mark hurry milking neglected chores care oren home
let try guess don guess don oren thinks don creek going wash smells citronella mean dunno won country won crown think pass eighteen rush laughed guess wisht join marines age mark anyway re thirteen don worry father washington ask knows lot mark sighed wisht knew oren planning leave creek dark cool sounding rush lazy exhausted bathe lay bank bed mint breathing deep breaths letting night fragrance fresh sound water wash ugliness seen heard mark scrubbed splashed wasn enjoying worrying gee wisht knew okay rush felt sorry mark knew father think write soon half asleep mark creek dressed don smell citronella mark washed hair seconds later mosquito bit gee thought glad mosquito bite
stared mamma silk dress mrs kornhauser silk dress papa stiff collar watch chain looped stummick kornhauser kornhauser mouth fell open mouth carp jasper happened hurt says mamma callin callin hurt says papa pushin chair played hooky hooky sunday church gilbert soakin wet says mamma wet young answer shouts papa fish papa says voice sounds weak held fish couldn help glad big awful wicked thing playin hooky sunday glad anyways result fine big catfish measly perch nobler scale don mean fish scale heh heh call pun jasper fishin mamma says lookin real sad didn fish saw papa staring cat eyes bungin didn look mad bit jasper says kornhauser big voice booms brought pulpit jasper forgotten fear seventh thou shalt rest wanted say fishin restin church sense papa lookin mad knew store
patched pie lumpy rhubarb looked badly built igloo bet taste delicious randy warmly mona remembered put sugar willy sloper supper special treat lawn mosquitoes hot mona iced coffee don think cuffy mind maybe wouldn randy agreed doubtfully rush winked glass prudently tasted pie according manners temperament repudiated oliver leapt feet bite stung uttering howls anguish willy saved driving carthage surrey buying ice cream cones half hour oliver bedtime room docile lamb clock hot rush suggested swim bed shouldn mona cuffy wouldn tone conviction dark stars sky glared suddenly heat lightning trembling thunder air dead breath hear whippoorwill someplace woods sounds machine bird rush runs going begins stuttering whip poor whip poor whip ip ip ip whip ip ip water pool warm
abbot suger glanced direction eleanor nodded smiled woman nodded abbot leaned closer eleanor asked pleading henry case lawyers eleanor answered knew lawyers heaven plead lawyers plead king kings fashion law henry laid foundation court system england eleanor announced proudly henry due hundred lawyers case yes abbot suger agreed heaven lawyers hard find bank presidents abbot suger nodded head trying remember centuries eleanor hesitatingly henry prisoner certainly eleanor agreed henry locked fifteen want heaven goodness yes think heaven deserves want bit bored laughed looking quickly suger angry abbot suger priest priests held heaven high regard abbot suger angry sense humor favorite eleanor abbot suger asked divorce louis missed
louis laughed abbott relieved inexperienced women want thoughts turned suddenly asked mean say fifteen measures fat reassured daughter william louis prince smiled king louis put charge gathering materials journey aquitaine king sick job excellent taste thanks god gift organizing called important dukes counts vassals king fitted elegant armor trappings selected jeweled ring gold buckle worked enamel prince give bride wedding gift rode lands lay eleanor louis paid toll bridge tax crossing carried supplies buying high prices asked paid smile haggled allow dignified trip easy armor elegant uncomfortable grew hotter moving summer south times glare sun striking armor blinded hot complained served eleanor human stew cooked salt water thanked god simple cloth sake travel night finally arrived bordeaux town wedding place
imported lands troubadours flutists play tambourines play viol follow noise ask eleanor live confusion answers flutes blow warm winds south finds paris gray chilly abbot spends money easily lavishly christian desire riches buys costly silks imported spices burns incense says palace stinks ugly word abbot stinks smiled ugly word suits ugly quality wears cosmetics wrong paint face dress abbot bernard cautions display finery dear adelaide answered believe seeing beautiful things surrounding beautiful things understand absolute beauty god believe abbot suger don adelaide paused squinted eyes continued tell daughter law choose crowd bedchamber lady tapestries covered walls bedchamber tapestries ordered woven purpose hunting scenes homeland person rest room hung eyes look turns parts eyes full gore blood guts animals eleanor says red brightens room tapestries damp lady castle drab place fond tapestries color tell abbot leaving simply remove tapestries madam
met visited uncle ted remembered place clearly hauntingly remembered house fold hazelwood ran river brook mark built dam deep dark millpond weir footbridge island mill huge field shaped half moon cheer moment prospect living courtoys mill cousin eunice wasn father cambridge studying bitten voice talk concealing things considered unsuitable young father talked month peculiar cousin eunice surely father put lot trust look stuff need school england soon cousin eunice shivered feeling horribly isolated sudden thirty hours plane joke meet rushing concourse lemmings carrying luggage pushing trolleys loudspeaker added frantic atmosphere constant stream urgent appeals call air france flight marseilles gate panizelos olympic flight gate ten doctor creasey recently arrived los pan airport information desk driver meeting captain wang tao ping information desk
means wants rid cousin eunice cosmo say bye friday clock phone evening ran front steps quick flip hand distinguished lady professor doom mrs robinson goodger cosmo cases ruskin dormitory lucky aunt daresay end help maths science show bedroom prayers gabbitas wants word headmaster cosmo mrs robinson deciding correct mistake eunice aunt matter anyway stairs covered tremendously thick durable coconut matting school photographs dates wall strong smell lino furniture polish doors opening classrooms stairs higher landing dormitories glad beds imagined rows hospital wards ruskin bed corner mrs robinson goodger left cases chest drawers chair washstand unpack tonight won form room remove remove form mrs robinson patiently juniors bottom school escond preparatories remove intermediate shell seniors middle
hours homework silence period eunice phoned cosmo told fine needed yes school okay truly didn want true fall black forever friday hung supper sardines toast stewed apple going months left dining room happened meredith asked coolly free till bedtime half past lot going piano practice took music case rack walked cosmo form room charley moley rebecca sheil tansy boy instantly entering room cosmo uncomfortable feeling talking locker pretended hunt books hate worst school rebecca tansy breaking silence giggle miss mossop ugh rotten potato chris bun wish catch housemaid knee athlete foot tennis elbow die laughed charley hate worst charley pondered gabby gabbitas moley
sport dark feeling unfriendly spider want room thought want home father pick socks grandfather simon vane wretch sitting room dying minute grandfather liked money lot grandfather thirty million dollars understand morning downtown sport thought thin small body downstairs hands gaunt tiny head clouded unseeing eyes eyes light mouth say ah boy real son sport walked room didn sit front stupid toy tap tapping tap tapping damned tapping couldn didn dream dream writing book book sport opened mouth closed wanted say published book dad published book royalties wasn royalty checks thirty million dollars figure loomed sport mind saw writing ledger track household spending father saw written red ink imagine owing thirty million dollars
rocque mouth dropped open nasty sport looked tell happened thought mad call mad end yelling yelling mean mean say grandpa dying thirty million bucks worked thought sport satisfaction true thirty million whew rocque gave whistle astonishment wonder geezer fought hard imagine leaving loot juice drain gambling table europe fought sport looked father rocque looked sport re talk tried custody mother wanted raise power considerable court couldn turning big empty house matter money mother course unfit unfit thought sport guess wonder unfit means rocque means court trained poodle left hotel room europe east don think notion raise child lawrence arabia stuck rocque grinned sport grinned
kidding ol lady bounced ball harry accent british english clothes ways today wearing tight suit jacket buttoned turtleneck sweater high boots hey re things seymour suddenly noticing gear yeah henry drawing breath sigh looked admired clothes tell think women seymour eating start getting rid harry pursed lips looked ceiling wonder seymour grin coming face women yeah shouted sport league extermination women turned mouth harry looked picked piece paper wrote league extermination women dangerous small boys initials spell end hey yelled sport uniforms shouted seymour yeah cried henry maybe red hats black muslims yelled sport don laugh harry suddenly funny hey seymour laughing muslim harry harry looked suddenly thinner dark suit thin hard post stuck ground think gonna care asked suddenly pointing finger turn gonna care
boy father started eat phone rang sport rocque answered listen charlotte expect call fifteen minutes think married thought sport think owned don give knockwurst want coming sport laughed put jam toast kitchen felt warm cozy rain looked red white checkered curtains sewed haphazardly girl friend father mitzi willow wept panes think kind guy son walk street cent didn bit married haven listening thought sport money talking forget charlotte things pause stand street corners kind woman stand street corners sport thought older guys block standing corner showing clothes making jokes yelling girls older thought seymour harry father yelled outraged yell yell reserved agent charlotte banged phone hard sport thought broken
doorbell rang gee sport re dressed rocque door happily care wear flung open door sport saw kate smiling enormous bag groceries rocque holding door open bag heavy yelled sport thinking rocque coming daze grabbed bag kate laughed re starving kitchen god bought rocque put bag feed skinny kate pulled apron purse put rocque taking things bag sport watched fascination big grin face look rocque pulling enormous slab wrapped butcher paper put unfolded paper sport ran stared wonder beautiful steak red white tiny white streaks red enormous beautiful thing looked wonder kate smiling don eat raw gently sport knew run hug laughed gasped embarrassment ran room put clean shirt thought wildly clean living room big thought immediately bring bottle scotch crawled bed
couldn kate mother cave didn heard kate call dinner ready thought steak bounced door colliding father rushing dinner table fellas ate asked kate standing table taking apron laughed sat darling kate rocque head table carve steak rocque embarrassed stood steak remembered hold kate chair sat couple savages getting sport giggled took glazed expression watched big pieces steak father putting plate looked table saw bowl mashed potatoes steaming lump butter plate big thick sliced tomatoes bowl tiny peas beautiful green tiny peas butter bits onion huge platter corn cob basket hot biscuits kate person plate steak start bowls biscuits re hot sport grabbed biscuit passed basket kate re big boy poured milk glass large blue white pitcher middle table frothed curled glass took huge gulp poured bottle red wine brought rocque served bless house
morning kate left sport father sitting breakfast table rocque cup coffee going study look sleepy didn sleep yeah sport excitement rocque afternoon maybe grab nap dinner nap sport eleven haven nap forty rocque plan afternoon happens find tired hmmmph sport going car picking eleven re going brooks brothers lunch lunch lunch re going someplace shoes geez sport put clean shirt suit arms short re going arms short hop mad snake re late don want yelling don want thought sport room clean shirt red white checked took shower put shirt gray suit feeling sad heavy eleven yelled bye father steps black car pulling curb front steps house caught glimpse mother backseat furs pulled chin
handling finances asked kate looking sport curious expression leaped womb ledger rocque lucky kate today ah rocque laughed face going thought wasn eleven kate looked sad poor darling rocque saturday jolly funeral leave asked sport don funeral thought hope don look corpse seymour look corpse stick rocque let kate waved top stairs sport looked suit cost lot thought hope harry show took cab funeral parlor sport thankful going funeral bad driven rocque worse funeral parlor church vane hated churches rocque short service limousines cemetery charlotte didn want course wouldn let gee yeah sport thinking horror going thing rocque hesitated casket closed family mean asked sport
minister began speak droned sport didn hear word thought grandfather vane liked finally chapel moved door moved found street ushered limousine charlotte smoke carrie black car pulled ship gliding dock didn noise noise sport began itch island expressway spoke entire ride pulled cemetery winding car stopped front small pavilion erected mound dirt running setting flowers pallbearers stood car funeral home sat car pallbearers hoisted coffin shoulders rack suspended open grave car started steep hill rocque helped carrie sport try stand charlotte leaning arm sat front grave sport realized seats slant impossible stay slid slid charlotte started sliding carrie rocque put foot stop charlotte gave sport look veil thing re going sideways thought sport end grave
ideal buffalo young bull fierce father mountains patient mother lowlands unusual mixture occurred fierce mountain bull wandered lowlands met female bear offspring owner female mixed blood calf calf grew older thickness coat mountain origin father farmer buffaloes needed unwittingly sell valuable mixed blood calf father combination luck patience discovered mixed blood buffalo ranch buffalo merchant town river bought price father brought calf home let give young buffalo food water allowed pat shoulders told approach calves unpredictable obeyed taller obey small children hurt listened father trusted calf knew friends calf grew handsome powerful buffalo head small herd head herds hamlet ferocious successful fights males named tank hit male fight struck heavily tank
cousin favorite pastimes hunting hunt dangerous tiring ask father allow join end rainy season hunting wild chickens boys hamlet carried stick beat bush sight frightened chicken flushed chased yelling loud wild chickens lose feathers fly ran tired caught chickens chose place cook covered bodies clay looked soccer balls left legs necks heads free bewildered chickens looked comical pitiful threw fire clay covered bodies white broke open white ball clay ate chicken inside delicious cousin climbed tall banyan tree brought nest baby birds covered lice rid lice dug large holes ground hole put cage baby bird covered holes boards bird hear sounds wanted imitate feeding let hear song bird heard blue danube waltz bridge river kwai maleguena months bird knew song cousin took cages holes hung corners house heard singing mother headache ask cousin hang cages garden guests house asked birds brought cages sitting room urged sing birds celebrities hamlet
village rescue party including father cousin father killed wild hog pulled ditch angry saw mangled body dead farmer field found frightened daughter hiding elephant grass decided let girl body father told father okay days treatment hospital took girl neighbor house judging barking leader hunting dogs hog villagers catch hard fight kill late afternoon immediately organized hunt called hunting dogs lead dog bloodhounds want tire dogs maybe lose track hog dead farmer blood tusks hog lead dog killed bloodhounds able follow hog trail carry body friend home rest armed knives quickly moved noise barking lead dog knives carried special knife sturdy handle ended wooden crescent fit hip blade sharp edges pointed tip designed penetrate hog throat wild hog attacks hunter hold knife crescent handle hip try stand charge sidestep charge let animal close try slap head
drove silence route took ely stopped alan kitson buy picture postcard cathedral tower tom tom bitterly disappointed allowed climb tower uncle pointed reasonableness question quarantine measles mix peter case caught measles mix case peter measles fortunately kitsons measles anyway drove ely fens castleford kitsons lived big house converted flats house crowded round newer smaller houses beat confines broken sea bay windows gable ends pinnacles big house oblong plain grave alan kitson sounded car horn turned drive short called drive house frontage believe built opposite widen road pulled pillared front door aunt gwen appeared doorway laughing wanting kiss tom drew inside uncle alan luggage cold stone flags tom feet nostrils smell dust business disperse looked round felt chill hall big house mean ugly unwelcoming lay heart house centrally front sideways part stair foot shape heart house empty cold dead
left going bed uncle alan took bath tom lay listening hating reason tom hear bathroom door bedroom clearly tonight bath uncle alan later heard movements conversation flat finally line light door disappeared meant hall light flat switched night slow silence grandfather clock struck twelve midnight uncle aunt bed asleep tom lay open eyed sullen imprisoned wakefulness clock struck present hour show independence mind striking tom amused striking wrong hour clock tom whispered angrily edge bedclothes don strike clock clocks home irritation tom stop counting habit night clock thing speak hours darkness ten going thought tom yawning midst unwilling admiration yes finished eleven twelve fancy striking midnight night jeered tom sleepily thirteen proclaimed clock stopped striking thirteen tom mind gave jerk struck thirteen mad clocks struck imagined falling asleep sleeping awake dozing counted thirteen sure
tom left gaping senses began insist telling experiences stranger encounter bare foot cold flagstone knew contradictory softness warmth flagstone looked saw standing rug tiger skin rug rugs hall eyes took hall hall laundry box milk bottles travel posters walls walls decorated rich variety objects tall gothic barometer fan peacock feathers huge engraving battle hussars horses shot riddled banners pictures big dinner gong wash gong stick hanging large umbrella stand holding umbrellas walking sticks parasol air gun looked parts fishing rod wall projected series bracket shelves table high oak middle hall grandfather clock white marble piled high glass cases stuffed birds animals enacted chilly surface scenes hot bloodshed owl clutched mouse claws ferret looked killing rabbit case middle red fox slunk gamefowl hanging jaws crowded hall object tom recognized grandfather clock moved read face simply touch reassure knew hand nearly heard breath maid passing reason sound heard call faintly lit fire parlour
doors shut tom check curiosity saw simple doorways interested heels gardener regularly visited greenhouse heating house south wall door tom concentrated getting south wall door entry promised easiest gardener tools tool shed gardener quickly shut door smartly slip slower wheelbarrow tom judged waited patiently opportunity arm open door ahead wheelbarrow wheeled swiftly caught door edge toe boot passed slammed door tom face tom glared door barrier hope raised hand latch pressed usual move fingers substance anger pressed imaginable knitted brows brought bear latch felt happen fingers began latch latch fingers substance fingers ironwork latch altogether hand fell place side tom stared memorable hand felt tenderly left bruised broken unhurt looked latch looked real latch seen idea tom door solid latch tried
garden surroundings natural order things tom alarmed unnatural abilities things mind troubled constant fine weather rapid coming going seasons times feeling watched night uneasiness head bed flat upstairs crept hall midnight usual opened garden door found night garden moon clouds fled continuously face movement upper air stillness lay garden heavier heat noon tom felt unbuttoned pyjama jacket let flap open walked smell storm coming tom reached bottom garden moon disappeared obscured altogether cloud place light instantaneously split sky top bottom seconds later thunder tom turned house reached porch winds broke lower air heavy rain deathly chilling temperature demons air let loose garden increasing frequency lightning tom watch foliage trees ferociously tossed torn wind corner lawn tall tapering fir tree swinging fro ivy wreathed arms struggling wildly tempest arms swaddling child tom fir tree swung widely blown thought tom strong trees blown
james edgar older tom james voice soft hesitant growl midst speech occasionally slip upwards creaky treble consternation say stop flush presence brothers brother edgar brindled hair brindled brown eyes moved round remarkably quickly missing talked quickly sharply tom liked edgar nearest age walked house garden tom girl frilled blue pinafore hair worn shoulders word child tagging tagged circled exasperating order face listen saying talking rat shoot going evening miller asked dark course bertie codling young barty hurricane lamp air gun wasn pity air gun tom nearby trees listened eagerly girl circled circled let run hatty hubert suddenly legs covering distances stride james swerved laughing edgar hatty treatment started quick trot pursuit edgar turned stooping flung hazelswitch carrying touch exactly meant stumble fell forwards face grass began crying
harriet called loudly harshly sound woman voice hatty hiding walked lawn aunt quickly slowly face white eyes hair appeared blacker face white tom realized lips colourless stopped front aunt aunt ask gap tunnel asked questions tom expected asked questions blame hatty speak tom persons fancy brought garden biblical heroes fairies legend hearsay imagination friends fell tom speak lift finger help turned face expected hatty aunt strike spoke hatty called hatty charity child received home duty late husband niece hatty claims blood induced mistaken pity hatty expected hatty grateful dutiful obedient things expense shame aunt cousins liar criminal monster tom whispered frenziedly don mother father hatty believed longer believed hatty parents king queen surely poorest humblest parents rescue child mother father rush roar indignation love
sounded striking mrs bartholomew grandfather clock knew secrets tell listening tom suddenly caught breath mrs bartholomew course past history house bartholomew family owned house generations known surely told wife history remember tom resolved soon call mrs bartholomew true unsociable woman afraid tom let stand boldly ring front door bell open front door crack peer crossly sight face heart melt tom read occurrences fashioned children books thought probable suited believe mrs bartholomew children love tom soon saw face draw inside later tea table laden delicacies tell tom stories ago tom ask questions answer girl called harriet hatty say amusingly yes late husband told child ago child orphan parents died aunt took house live aunt disagreeable woman
noticed oddity earlier illustrations wore kinds leg coverings trousers pair trousers represented worn french fashion early victorian period tom boys garden worn trousers exception edgar wore kind breeches woollen stockings hot scent tom turned volume ton ves encyclopaedia looked trousers illustrations written account short order clear misunderstanding began defining trousers article dress worn covering leg separately reaching waist foot tom agreed read carefully wearing trousers introduced early nineteenth century duke wellington caused sensation article ended strong opposition clergy universities costume tom felt information arrange argument hatty lived wore trousers lived earlier nineteenth century trousers fashion remembered enquire queen ruling england nineteenth century queen victoria hatty queen french fashion trousers belonged early victorian period hatty belongs period hundred ago hatty girl dead seen garden ghost
matt angry snatched baby expect numskull fat robber chieftain bulging belly pointed beard eh robbers realized comments child wanted matt mood wise annoy set praising extolling newborn baby emptied tankards beer honor matt happy threw high seat showed remarkable child going plague borka matt sit miserable robbers den gnash teeth jealousy yes death destruction gnashing wild harpies gray dwarfs borka wood hold ears believe pete nodded gleefully snigger sure plague borka matt line live borka line finished yes matt finished sure death borka managed child likely crack thunder heard matt wood robbers turn pale pete fell flat weak piteous cry unexpectedly ronia shook matt worse thunderclap child crying shrieked lovis standing calmly took baby put breast crying crack pete calmed dying oath struck
path straight wildest woods lake matt told farther lake lay black dark pines water lilies floating surface gleamed white ronia water lilies looked laughed silently water lilies stayed lake things tried threw pinecones water tried bob splashing feet fun feet felt glad free splash gladder climb mossy boulders pool climb pine trees fir trees clamber ronia climbed clambered sun began sink wooded ridges ate bread drank milk brought lay moss rest trees rustled high head lay watching laughed silently fell asleep woke evening grown dark stars burning treetops realized thought sad stars reach matter stretched arms forest longer allowed home knew matt mind
birk flying chasm straight ready jump longer idea times jumped felt jump ravines escape borka riffraff saw birk slip loose stone lying edge landed heard yell vanished depths heard crows shut eyes wished happened birk existed jumped finally wriggled forward stomach looked chasm saw birk standing beneath hear stone beam sticking shattered walls room feet stood depths hell gap beneath hands fumbling wildly hold tumbling abyss knew ronia knew help stand stand knew longer birk borkason hang ronia answered grin afraid ronia tore braided leather rope carried rolled ball belt helped times climbing clambering forest big loop end rope tied end body lowered rope birk saw gleam hope eyes rope dangling head yes needed saw borka rogue
glowering look father joined captain standish stood staring shining eyes ugly hateful coast saw face light excitement filled hideous voyage feeling burst ridiculous childish tears scrambled ladder putting rent hem gown clumsy heel smolder sit wrapped cloak shivering odd lump gullet eyes stinging tears gathered deck privilege rarely corner ship unoccupied night times feel bit fit case bedlam think elizabeth knew gave journal quill elizabeth surprising eyed quiet slow cow understands things father urged call mother father wishes call ma generally think elizabeth giles calls mother course maris maris mother oceanus mother tiny thing pale damaris pale look goblins huge brown eyes elizabeth wish eyes brown brown eyes looked intelligent mine deep blue nigh black think hair clean light hair eyes belong
days stay think rest spent tiny tossing prison shallop coast making trips weather cold salt spray froze hard hair beards clothing discuss place place hill steep hauling supplies spot open weather spot difficult boats anchor wait crew complains bitterly food trip england going captain jones stay established contract women ashore wash clothes hunt shellfish children run deviltry yesterday young francis billington mischief thrice age gunpowder tried hand making squibs cabin found small barrel half full powder playing managed strew room feeling manly chose fowling piece fully charged proceeded shoot creating terrifying commotion seen fire started promptly banging flints small metal things flying room young francis screaming father bellowing running buckets sea water douse flames women clutching babes bosoms protect captain jones roaring bad spend days waiting praying passengers decide settle england crew starved death ship blown bargain
father recovered week ill able leave bed walk room bit left care common house elizabeth prissy mullins brother died poor girl stricken grief loneliness put caring small children mothers dead dying tis strange children stricken bess tilley mary chilton help prissy maris oceanus look free help nursing think wonder horror awful sickness willing assist tending father finding uncontaminated fears eased simply hand needed pride shirk part growing case walked common house believe saw floor covered mats pallets barely room step lay miserable creature blazing fever shaking chills spewing strange hush room constant low sound weeping soft moaning whispered voices fire blazing threw fearsome flickering light making weak hand raised suffering skeleton shadow wall moment stood doorway doubting force enter
searched searched mother giles saying distress unlike find trace leave thought help giles elizabeth calm voice grasp immediately problem bewildered let stray eldest john giles cast quick glance john brother francis stood unspeaking door john bid giles carefully love brewster ten sturdy child nodded head strong agreement giles told john wander john giles wasn tell muttered francis sulkily wrastle marched francis elder watch brother saw giles elizabeth asked hour mother looking calling shouted find trace tried watch footprints squanto showed ground thick pine needles mayhap didn want answer francis safe sound berries god knows pray francis mistress brewster think wait
wore sabbath meeting members plymouth church eyes heaven blind noticed john cooke stared find annoying hours working outdoors fields houses deal difference gangle knots muscle skin darkened sun deep shade brown eyes dark hair looks indian bumbling john cooke rouse female emotions newly developed bosom meeting walked common house father elizabeth carrying oceanus fashion abreast bid halfway hill father stopped speak john alden elizabeth paused share words priscilla suddenly found john cooke waiting greeted walked silence john swallowed hard times murmured catch speak john hear mumble boy reddened apple blurted loudly look monstrous fine gown con snicker looked teds mincing hand hand ninnies assuming suppose aping john hands touching provoked feel blushing wished john hoped casual fashion walk shore bit
pirates gasped clutching arm girl house turned stood looking water side buckling belts jackets carrying odd assortment firearms hurrying street beach boys young counted defenders town bear miss excitement women small children father brushed holding gun crook arm fastened sword belt stay con things stood street gate ship water putting harbor air filled dreadful tension plymouth stood drawn felt battle formation sun shafted guns buckles pitifully number help proud fearless waited captain standish governor bradford standing ahead heard hushed voice whisper going show colors looked susanna winslow clutching peregrine hand turned quickly truth flag hauled felt breath tight chest sharp gust wind caught distant cloth lifted whipping straight white ensign red cross england sigh plymouth moment later broke cheers howls joy women wept openly children young understand saying
trusting voice managed small smile nodded giles path beach walked saying spot john cooke sat kissed let sit giles dropped sand resting chin drawn knees staring water watched noting sudden wonder grown eyes deep blue mine thick lashes hide eyes gazed unblinkingly distance presently spoke voice husky nigh deep thought adventure con answered adventure imagined saw accomplishing things fighting battles singlehanded tribes indians indian looked discovering gold mayhap precious stones rich king building home finer bigger greater seen paused lifting eyes rhythmic movement sea hope fight indians things land surely gold aye jewels mayhap find someday con chance days spent simply making land live comfort oceanus feel
mare tail looked anger poor attempts coquetry completely dashed known sensibilities offended covered mare tail cap stephen moved closer fence surrounds garden house leaning reaching grasped thick handful hair pulled gently knew full coming con try fancy tricks tried toss hair free held tight mare tail looking straight eyes bright green blue hair spread pillow aghast dared speak common strumpet comes pass hair mine white snapped tried pull let loosed hair gently smoothed face big hand aye murmured hide shining mop beneath cap forget kissed quickly top head marched street supper fine taking ran house threw herbs board coiled hair quickly pushing pins hard nigh scalp settling cap securely elizabeth minutes later wild onions found town brook busy fire took notice flushed cheeks learn behave meek modest manner mayhap stephen justified speaks common woman want notice walk downcast eyes saying
giles looked father chin high eyes slightly narrowed told call con coming yes yes giles coming door help priscilla faintly help laughing obvious reluctance bad bide looked mightily relieved waved giles opened door house stood let enter split wood voice gruff help agreed felt fearsome walked house knowing expect elizabeth spreading oceanus small clothes father chair setting fire warm beading sweat forehead breath coming quickly managed smile poor constance meant need sat edge bed leaning forward gasping quickly tell moment straightened took deep easy breath going call ellen billington bad tempered woman midwife fetch family brewsters past town brook hunt mussels think wait return looked gave laugh twill constance
holland queerest countries sun called odd land contrary land nearly parts place large portion country lower level sea dikes bulwarks erected heavy cost money labor ocean belongs parts coast leans weight land poor country stand pressure dikes give spring leak disastrous results ensue high wide tops covered buildings trees fine public roads horses look wayside cottages keels floating ships higher roofs dwellings stork clattering young house peak feel nest lifted danger croaking frog neighboring bulrushes nearer stars water bugs dart backward forward heads chimney swallows willow trees drooping shame reach high reeds nearby ditches canals ponds rivers lakes seen high dry shine sunlight catching nearly bustle business scorning tame fields stretching damply tempted ask holland shores water verdure confined land mistake settled fish ponds
bless boy remembers gretel child knitting needle father quick eyes maybe put shoe poor feet ice half em covered half wailing half humming dame brinker sit fill low cottage whir spinning wheel nearly outdoor household labor performed hans gretel seasons children gather peat stow square bricklike pieces fuel times homework permitted hans rode towing horses canals earning stivers gretel tended geese neighboring farmers hans clever carving wood gretel gardeners gretel sing sew run high homemade stilts girl miles learn ballad minutes find season weed flower dreaded books sight figuring board schoolhouse set eyes swimming hans contrary slow steady harder task study daily labor liked boys sneered school account patched clothes scant leather breeches forced yield post honor nearly class youngster school stood corner horrors hung dreaded whip motto leer leer jou luigaart dit endje touw zal je leeren winter gretel hans spared attend school past month home mother needed services raff brinker required constant attention black bread house clean stockings things knitted sold marketplace
dame brinker soon scanty dinner cleared noon arrayed holiday attire honor saint nicholas brighten children thought mistaken festival dress worn seldom past ten service flourished dance kermis known wide pretty meitje klenck children granted rare glimpses lay oaken chest faded threadbare gorgeous eyes white linen tucker gathered plump throat vanishing beneath trim bodice blue homespun reddish brown skirt bordered black knitted woolen mitts dainty cap showing hair generally hidden princess gretel master hans grew staid behaved gazed soon maid braiding golden tresses fairly danced mother ecstasy admiration mother mother mother pretty look hans picture picture assented hans cheerfully picture don stocking things hands mitts brother hans re important cover red mother white arm mitt leaves whiter mine whiter declare mother bodice tight re growing re surely growing
fortunately weather cold put stop usual street flooding window washing young excursionists drenched sweeping mopping scrubbing form passion dutch housewives soil spotless mansions considered scarcely crime hearty contempt felt neglect rub soles shoes polish crossing doorsill places visitors expected remove heavy shoes entering sir william temple memoirs passed christendom tells story pompous magistrate going visit lady amsterdam stout holland lass opened door told breath lady home shoes clean word took astonished arms threw carried rooms set bottom stairs seized pair slippers stood put feet spoke telling mistress floor ben skating friends crowded canals city found difficult believe sleepy dutchmen saw smoking pipes leisurely looking hats knocked heads making resistance capable outbreaks place holland fellow countrymen brave devoted heroes read dutch history
approaching door farmhouse boys suddenly found midst lively domestic scene burly dutchman rushing closely dear vrouw beating smartly handled warming pan expression gave boys promise kind reception prudently resolved carry toes warmed cottage proved inviting low roof bright red tiles extended cow stable clean nestled close main building neat peaceful looking woman sat window knitting discerned part profile fat figure pipe mouth sat shining panes snowy curtain answer peter subdued knock fair haired rosy lass holiday attire opened upper half green door divided middle inquired errand enter warm jufvrouw asked captain respectfully yes welcome reply lower half door swung softly mate boy entering rubbed faithfully rough mat bow lady gentleman windows ben half inclined think personages automata moving figures garden broek nodded heads slowly precisely employment steadily stiffly worked machinery puffed puffed vrouw clicked knitting needles regulated internal cogs real smoke issuing motionless pipe gave convincing proof human
supposed young dutchmen forgotten skating race place twentieth contrary thought spoken ben felt traveler rest sight seeing lost vision silver skates week past haunted night true john bull jacob called doubted english fleetness english strength english enable ice put holland shame rest matter ben certainly superb skater enjoyed half opportunities practicing fallen comrades improved share utmost strong frame supple limb short tight trim quick graceful fellow skating naturally chamois leaping eagle soaring heavy heart poor hans vision silver skates failed starry winter night brighter sunlit gretel seen flitting sat mother hours weary watching prizes won treasures passing hopelessly reach rychie hilda katrinka scarcely known thought race race twentieth girls friends nearly age talent station girls
boys soon found unpretentious establishment breedstraat broad street funnily painted lion door roode leeuw red lion huygens kleef stout dutchman short legs pipe ravenous condition tiffin haarlem served give appetite heightened exercise swift sail canal mine host give cried peter pompously give answered mynheer kleef performing difficult bow give sausage pudding ah mynheer sausage pudding salmagundi plenty young master eggs quick winter eggs poor eating answered innkeeper puckering lips lifting eyebrows eggs caviar dutchman raised fat hands caviar gold caviar sell peter eaten home knew roe sturgeon large fish idea cost mine host rye bread saukerkraut potato salad fattest herring leyden say boys asked captain yes cried famished youths quick
believe landlord daughter bestirred prepare meal boys morning mynheer chinese gong noise dozen breakfast bells hideous reveille clanging house generally startled drowsiest lodgers activity maiden allow sounded morning let brave young gentlemen sleep greasy kitchen boy warmly fed waken ten clock captain peter band straggling pretty hour mine host gruffly high court fine business respectable inn testify truly young masters found excellent fare lodging red lion course answered carl saucily pleasant company visit unseasonable hours stare humph answer mynheer daughter communicative shaking earrings carl sharply pleasant master traveler judge ran impertinent creature hissed carl breath began busily examine skate straps meantime kitchen boy listening crack door doubled silent laughter breakfast boys police court accompanied huygens kleef daughter mynheer testimony principally effect thing robber red lion unheard night red lion respectable inn respectable house leyden
open square lambert ben walked pretty summer shady trees call ruine ago covered houses rapenburg canal ran street barge loaded forty thousand pounds gunpowder bound delft lying alongside bargemen took notion cook dinner deck knew sir thing blew killing lots persons scattering hundred houses winds exclaimed ben explosion destroy hundred houses yes sir father leyden says terrible explosion occurred noon volcano part town fire instant buildings tumbling women children groaning ruins king city acted nobly father says staying streets night encouraging survivors efforts arrest fire rescue heaps stone rubbish means collection benefit sufferers raised kingdom hundred thousand guilders paid treasury father nineteen believe remembers perfectly friend professor luzac killed tablet erected memory saint peter church farther queerest thing saw image professor carved representing looked found explosion strange idea monument saint peter remember peter knows
writings drove poor knight wits passed sleepless nights trying understand disentangle meaning artistotle unravelled understood resurrected sole purpose wounds sir belianias gave received imagined face body covered scars marks skilful surgeons tended admired author ending book promise continue interminable adventure desire seized pen write promised sequal doubt successfully greater persistent preoccupations prevented arguments priest village scholar graduate siguenza knight palmerin england amadis gaul master nicholas barber village compare knight sun sir galaor brother amadis gaul accomodating nature affected sniveller brother bit matter bravery short buried books spent nights reading twilight till daybreak days dawn till dark sleep reading brain dried lost wits
lad arrived job bring provisions village happening place fellow answered tell lad famous shepherd student chrysostom died morning rumour died love devilish marcela rich william daughter girl roaming parts dressed shepherdess marcela say asked yes replied lad strange thing directed buried fields moor foot rock spring cork tree rumour goes say lips spot saw left requests odd clergy say carried heathenish smack friend ambrosio student dressed shepherd answers exactly chrysostom directed village uproar say end ambrosio friends shepherds want morrow re coming bring ceremony place spoke sight worth seeing tell shan miss means village morrow
innkeeper saw don quixote lying ass asked sancho wrong sancho replied fallen rock bruised ribs slightly innkeeper wife woman sort generality hostesses kindly nature felt neighbours misfortunes immediately set cure don quixote young daughter looking girl help tend asturian maid inn broad faced flat nosed head blind eye sound shortcomings bodily allurements feet high head toe shoulders heavy side look ground liked charming maid helped young mistress poor bed don quixote attic evidently served straw loft carrier lodging garret bed stood farther door knight consisted mule saddles blankets deal don quixote badly planed boards resting pair trestles mattress thin quilt full lumps hard stones touch appeared rents cover wool sheets leather shields thread wished counted missing single
continue account actions knight sad countenance history tells falls somersaults performed upper parts clothed lower parts naked seen sancho depart unwilling wait antics don quixote climbed top high rock turned thoughts problem pondered times reaching conclusion decide stand greater stead imitate roland downright madness amadis melancholy moods communing argued roland knight valiant say wonder enchanted kill stabbing pin sole foot reason wore shoes iron soles contrivances avail bernardo del understood throttled bare hands roncesvalles setting bravery side let consider madness certainly arose evidence found spring news shepherd gave angelica slept afternoons medoro curly haired moor page agramante believed true lady foul wrong surprising mad imitate madness similar
scarcely priest finished sancho cried master sir priest deed swear want telling warned look sin set liberty going galleys villains blockhead broke don quixote concern duty knights errant investigate distressed chained oppressed persons meet roads brought pass suffer anguish crimes whims task succour distress taking account sufferings villainies met mournful miserable wretches strung beads rosary duty requires rest affair mine objects saying master priest holy dignity reverend person say knows matter chivalry lies son whore bastard prove sword answer greater length steadied stirrups pulled head piece carried barber basin helmet estimation hanging saddle bow till damage galley slaves repaired dorothea quick intelligent understand don quixote crazy humour saw sancho panza making fun anxious left
days lothario say word opportunity cloth removed household dinner camilla instructions hurried camilla gave maid orders dine leave side girl thought pleasure needed affairs comply mistresses orders left instruction camilla modest behaviour gravity expression sufficient curb lothario tongue advantage gained camilla virtues silencing lothario tongue led harm tongue silent thoughts ran contemplate camilla perfections mind body inspire love marble statue let heart flesh lothario gazed speaking thinking worthy love reflection began impinge respect anselmo thousand times mind leave city anselmo camilla found delight gazing prevented struggled fought resist pleasure felt looking blamed madness calling bad friend bad christian
finally don quixote raised clamour inn doors suddenly opened innkeeper fright shouting loud maritornes awakened cries guessing hay loft unobserved untied halter held don quixote knight fell ground front innkeeper travellers ask shout loud reply slipped cord wrist rose feet mounting rocinante braced shield couched lance making wide sweep round field canter exclaiming affirm rightfully enchanted leave lady princess micomicona give lie challenge defy single combat arrivals astounded don quixote speech landlord relieved surprise telling need pay attention mind asked innkeeper lad fifteen dressed mule lad chance inn gave description tallied appearance dona clara lover landlord answered inn noticed person asking saw coach judge exclaimed doubt coach say
enlarge gather passage story knight errantry bound delight amaze reader believe sir repeat read books drive melancholy improve temper happens bad say knight errant valiant courteous liberal bred generous polite bold gentle patient endurer toils imprisonments enchantments imprisoned cage madman expect valour arm heaven favours fate find days king kingdom display gratitude liberality enclosed bosom mine faith sir poor incapacitated showing virtue liberality possess highest degree gratitude consists desire dead thing faith dead works reason wish fortune speedily offer opportunity making emperor show friends especially poor sancho panza squire give countship promised ago afraid capacity govern estate sancho overheard words master exclaimed set don quixote countship promised waited
observe sancho don quixote virtue persecuted exists outstanding degree famous heroes past escaped slander malice julius caesar courageous wise valiant captain branded ambitious clean clothes habits alexander exploits won title measure drunkeness hercules hero labours lascivious effeminate sir galaor brother amadis gaul criticized lecherous brother blubberer sancho slander say pass told ah trouble damn replied sancho asked don quixote tail skin sancho tarts gingerbread worship wants slander speak bring presently tell lot spare crumb night bartholomew son arrived studying salamanca bachelor welcome home told worship story print title ingenious gentleman don quixote de la says mentioned sancho panza lady dulcinea del matters happened private cross wonder think story writer learnt
cart continued journey don quixote sancho gentleman green overcoat continued don diego de miranda spoken word carefully watching noting word action don quixote sane turned mad madman verging sanity part history notice read ceased surprised knight behaviour known nature madness took sane mad don quixote words consistent elegant put actions wild rash foolish insane reflected put helmet full curds imagine enchanters softening skull rasher idiotic insist fighting lions sililoquy don quixote drew saying doubt don diego de miranda worship considers foolish mad marvel deeds testify wish worship note mad lacking brave sight gallant gentleman beneath eyes king deliver aimed lance thrust brave bull midst square brave sight knight armed shining armour pace lists merry jousts ladies
translator history original written author cide hamete benengeli says reached chapter relating adventure cave found written margin hand hamete words persuade written previous chapter literally happened valorous don quixote reason adventures till feasible probable cave find accepting true exceeds reasonable bounds possibly suppose don quixote truthful gentleman noblest knight age lying riddled arrows tell lie consider minute circumstantial details entered greater impossibility manufactured mass extravagance short adventure apocryphal blame write affirming truth falsehood judicious reader judge thing finally retracted death bed confessed invented fit adventures read histories author continued saying scholar astonished alike sancho panza boldness master patience concluded placid disposition displayed arose pleasure seeing lady dulcinea del enchanted
sancho delight finding thought duchess favour figured find castle found don diego don basilio fond living seized opportunity regaling forelock occurred history recounts country house castle duke rode ahead gave servants orders behaviour don quixote reached gates castle duchess lackeys grooms promptly ran clothed feet call morning dress finest crimson satin heard seen caught don quixote arms saying highness help lady duchess dismount don quixote high compliments passed subject length duchess insistence triumphed refused palfrey duke arms saying consider worthy laying useless burden knight end duke help entered courtyard beautiful maidens threw huge mantle finest scarlet don quixote shoulders instant galleries court crowded duke duchess women servants crying loudly welcome flower cream knights errant sprinkled flasks scented waters don quixote ducal pair astonishment knight
supper arrived host brought stew don quixote room sat comfortably meal heard talking room divided thin partition beg don jeronimo exclaimed voice till bring supper let read chapter part don quixote de la moment don quixote heard stood listened ears saying heard don jeronimo addressed reply don juan want read nonsense read part history don quixote de la possibly pleasure reading don juan read book bad displeases depicts don quixote love dulcinea del hearing words don quixote filled furious indignation called top voice says don quixote de la forgotten forget dulcinea del teach equal arms truth peerless dulcinea del forgotten don quixote capable forgetting motto constancy profession preserve gentleness violence answering voice room
morning don quixote riding air strand complete armour ornaments arms rest bloody fray moment saw coming knight full armour shining moon painted shield heard cried loud voice addressing words don quixote illustrious knight sufficiently praised don quixote de la knight white moon unparalleled deeds recall memory battle try strength arms purpose forcing acknowledge confess mistress let incomparably beautiful dulcinea del truth confess fairly save death pains killing fight vanquish desire satisfaction forsake arms abstain seeking adventures withdraw village period pass putting hand sword profound peace profitable ease contribute increase estate profit soul conquer head mercy spoils armour horse renown deeds transferred consider course reply quickly despatch business
human things especially lives transitory decline beginnings till reach final end don quixote privilege heaven exempting common fate dissolution end expected event brought melancholy occasioned contemplation defeat divine ordination fever seized bed days frequently visited friends priests bachelor barber squire snacho panza left bedside believed grief overthrow disappointment hopes dulcinea deliverance disenchantment brought tried cheer bachelor bade heart begin pastoral composed eclogue knock sannazaro written bought couple fine dogs money herdsman quintanar guard flock called barcino butron don quixote dejection persisted friends called doctor took pulse offer comfort saying certainly attend salvation soul body danger don quixote heard quiet mind housekeeper niece squire began weep piteously lay dead eyes doctor opinion melancholy despondency bringing end
singular creature set gifts unique animals unlike figure landscape shaper landscape body mind explorer nature ubiquitous animal find home continent reported spaniards arrived overland pacific ocean california indians say full moon fish danced beaches true local variety fish grunion comes water lays eggs normal high tide mark females bury tail sand males gyrate round fertilise eggs laid full moon important needed eggs incubate undisturbed sand ten days high tides wash hatched fish sea landscape full exact beautiful adaptations animal fits environment cog wheel sleeping hedgehog waits spring burst metabolism humming bird beats air dips needle fine beak hanging blossoms butterflies mimic leaves noxious creatures deceive predators mole plods ground designed mechanical shuttle millions evolution shaped grunion fit sit exactly tides nature biological evolution fitted specific environment
distinguish athlete gazelle normal metabolism animal flight cardinal difference runner flight shot set starter pistol experiencing deliberately fear exaltation runner child play actions adventure freedom purpose breathless chemistry explore limits strength naturally physical differences animals apes act vaulting athlete grasps pole exact grip ape match differences secondary comparison overriding difference athlete adult behaviour driven environment animal actions actions practical sense exercise directed present athlete mind fixed ahead building skill vaults imagination future poised leap pole vaulter capsule human abilities grasp hand arch foot muscles shoulder pelvis pole energy stored released bow firing arrow radical character complex sense foresight ability fix objective ahead rigorously hold attention athlete performance unfolds continued plan extreme invention pole concentration mind moment leaping give stamp humanity
history divided unequally biological evolution steps separate ape ancestors occupied millions cultural history swell civilisation separates surviving hunting tribes africa food gatherers australia cultural gap fact crowded thousand goes twelve thousand ten thousand twenty thousand talking twelve thousand ascent think difference numbers biological scale cultural leave backward glance took million change dark creature stone hand australopithecus central africa modern form homo sapiens pace biological evolution biological evolution faster animal twenty thousand homo sapiens creatures aspire artists scientists city builders planners future readers travellers eager explorers natural fact human emotion immensely richer experience bolder imagination ancestors pace cultural evolution takes goes ratio numbers goes hundred times faster biological evolution takes crucial phrase
paestum contemporary beginning greek mathematics pythagoras taught exile greek colony crotone mathematics peru thousand later greek temples bounded straight edge set square greeks invent arch temples crowded avenues pillars open ruins fact monuments spaces spanned single beams span sustained flat beam limited strength beam picture beam lying columns computer analysis show stresses beam increase move columns farther longer beam greater compression weight produces top greater tension produces bottom stone weak tension columns fail compressed beam fail tension fail bottom columns close greeks ingenious making structure light tiers columns devices makeshifts fundamental sense physical limitations stone overcome invention greeks fascinated geometry puzzling conceive arch fact arch engineering invention properly discovery practical plebeian culture greece peru aqueduct segovia spain built romans ad reign emperor trajan
ten thousand ago beginning settled communities agriculture middle east began copper metals general found systematic process getting extraction metals ores begun thousand ago bc persia afghanistan put green stone malachite fire earnest flowed red metal copper happily copper released modest temperature recognised copper found raw lumps surface form hammered worked thousand worked copper smelted christ paused metal backbone civilised suddenly range control increased immensely command material moulded drawn hammered cast tool ornament vessel thrown fire reshaped shortcoming copper soft metal soon put strain stretched form wire instance visibly begins yield metal pure copper layers crystals crystal layers wafer atoms metal laid regular lattice slide finally part
gesture paracelsus science look past golden age paracelsus took hundred fifty discover element oxygen explained nature fire took chemistry forward middle ages odd thing discovery joseph priestley studying nature fire greek elements invisible omnipresent air remains joseph priestley laboratory smithsonian institution washington course business apparatus birmingham england centre industrial revolution priestly splendid mob drove priestly birmingham priestly story characteristic conflict originality tradition invited age twenty teach modern languages dissenting academies unitarian took place universities conformists church england priestly inspired lectures science fellow teachers begin book electricity turned chemical experiments excited american revolution encouraged benjamin franklin later french revolution anniversary storming bastille loyal citizens burned priestly carefully assembled laboratories america welcome
science modern sense grew mediterranean civilisation astronomy natural astronomy straight mathematics astronomy developed model sciences turned exact numbers idiosyncrasy part idiosyncrasy choose begin drama mediterranean science rudiments astronomy exist cultures evidently important concerns early peoples reason clear astronomy knowledge guides cycle seasons apparent movement sun fixed plant harvest move herds settled cultures calendar guide plans true river basins babylon egypt civilisation mayans flourished ad isthmus america atlantic pacific oceans claim highest american cultures written language skill engineering original arts mayan temple complexes steep pyramids housed astronomers portraits group large altar stone survived altar commemorates ancient astronomical congress met ad sixteen mathematicians famous centre mayan science sacred city copan central america mayans system arithmetic ahead europe symbol
galileo thought show copernicus listen mistake mistake naive motives scientists thought reputation large able native florence leave dreary teaching padua burdensome leave protection essentially clerical safe republic venice end fatal mistake successes protestant reformation sixteenth century caused roman catholic church mount fierce counter reformation reaction luther full cry struggle europe authority thirty war began rome created institution propagation faith derive word propaganda catholics protestants embattled call cold war galileo known quarter small judgment simply sides heretic unwordly interpreter faith cardinal bellarmine found astronomical speculations giordano bruno intolerable stake church temporal power bitter fighting political crusade means justified end ethics police galileo strangely innocent politics innocent thinking outwit clever twenty moved path led inevitably condemnation
odd find regard master explanation material universe begun thinking light reasons mariner bright minds england occupied problems arose seafaring newton think technical research course naive explanation interest drawn topics important elders argued young telescope salient problem newton aware problem colours white light grinding lenses telescope course beneath fundamental reason physical phenomena consist interaction energy matter matter light aware presence light interruption matter thought makes physicist finds deepen understanding newton began think caused fringes edge lens looked effect simulating prism lens edge prism course fact prism coloured light commonplace aristotle alas explanations analysis quality simply white light comes glass darkened thin end red darkened glass thicker green darkened glass thickest blue
joseph priestley turn scientific adverser josiah wedgwood wedgwood think marvellous tableware aristocracy royalty rare occasions commission service nearly thousand highly decorated pieces catherine russia cost deal money coin base tableware pottery creamware fact thousand pieces undecorated cost looked handled catherine hand painted idylls creamware wedgwood famous prosperous porcelain white earthenware pottery common street buy shilling piece transformed kitchens working class industrial revolution wedgwood extraordinary inventive course trade scientific techniques trade exact invented measuring high temperatures kiln means sort sliding scale expansion clay test piece moved measuring high temperatures ancient difficult problem manufacture ceramics metals fitting things wedgwood elected royal society josiah wedgwood exception dozens belonged group dozen lunar society birmingham birmingham scattered group industrial villages gave met full moon
theory evolution natural selection put forward independently charles darwin alfred russel wallace scientific background course heart naturalists darwin medical student edinburgh university father wealthy doctor proposed clergyman cambridge wallace parents poor left school fourteen courses working institutes london leicester surveyor apprentice pupil teacher fact traditions explanation march side side ascent analysis physical structure study processes delicacy diversity wavering cycles death individual species traditions theory evolution paradox resolved begun paradox sciences makes kind physical science detail nature birds trees grass snails living thing manifestations expressions forms diverse large element accidental nature uniform constrained necessities surprising biology understand begins naturalists eighteenth nineteenth centuries observers countryside bird watchers clergymen doctors gentlemen leisure country houses
fables creatures spontaneously ancient believed louis pasteur disproved beautifully boyhood home arbois french jura loved fermentation fermentation milk word pasteurisation reminds height power forty emperor france asked look goes wrong fermentation wine solved problem ironic remember wine remembered wine sea organisms pasteur lives decays things striking thought pasteur found organisms live oxygen nuisance wine growers turned crucial understanding beginning earth oxygen pasteur remarkable technique traces liquid twenties reputation showing molecules characteristic shape shown thumbprint process turned profound discovery puzzling look pasteur laboratory words
clones human beings copies beautiful mother clever father course view diversity breath abandon single form happens catch fancy genetic fancy cloning stabilisation form runs current creation human creation evolution founded variety creates diversity animals creative carries expresses largest store variety attempt uniform biologically emotionally intellectually betrayal evolutionary thrust apex odd myths creation human cultures yearn ancestral clone strange suppression sex ancient stories origins eve cloned adam rib preference virgin birth happily frozen identical copies human species sex highly developed female receptive times permanent breasts takes active part sexual selection eve apple fertilises mankind spurs ageless preoccupation obvious sex special character human beings special biological character let simple earth criterion species female orgasms remarkable mark fact general difference women biological sense sexual behaviour species
organisation experience sighted lodged area human specificity main organisation brain frontal lobes prefontal lobes highbrow egghead brain goes contrast taung skull child died recently mistaken fossil sloping forehead exactly large frontal lobes functions certainly specific important thing enable think actions future wait reward beautiful experiments delayed response walter hunter round refined jacobsen kind thing hunter reward show animal hide results found darling laboratory rat typical rat shown reward let rat course goes hidden reward immediately rat waiting minutes longer able identify reward course children hunter experiments children children waiting half hour hour hunter girl trying amused keeping waiting talked
advanced human problems mind occupied john von find happy foundations forms behaviour prize full fulfilled society seen human behaviour characterised high internal delay preparation deferred action biological groundwork inaction stretches childhood slow maturation deferment action goes actions adults decision makers human beings mediated values interpret general strategies balance opposing impulses true run lives computer scheme problem solving problems insoluble sense shape conduct finding principles guide divise ethical strategies systems values ensure attractive short term weighed balance ultimate term satisfactions wonderful threshold knowledge ascent teetering balance sense uncertainty lifts foot step going pointing ahead ahead bringing learned physics biology understanding knowledge loose leaf notebook facts responsibility integrity primarily ethical creatures possibly maintain informed integrity let run continue live ragbag morals past beliefs
sebastian twenty ago cloudless june ditches white fool parsley air heavy scents summer peculiar splendour climate affords leaf flower bird sun lit stone shadow proclaim glory god moods visit heart returned latest knowing destination eights week oxford submerged obliterated irrecoverable lyonnesse quickly waters flooding oxford days city aquatint spacious quiet streets walked spoke newman autumnal mists grey spring rare glory summer days chestnut flower bells rang high clear gables cupolas exhaled soft vapours thousand learning cloistral hush gave laughter resonance carried joyously intervening clamour eights week rabble hundreds strong twittering fluttering cobbles steps sight seeing pleasure seeking drinking claret cup eating cucumber sandwiches pushed punts river herded droves college barges greeted isis union sudden display peculiar wholly distressing gilbert sullivan peculiar choral effects college chapels
party assembled etonion freshmen mild elegant detached young dance london night spoke funeral unloved kinsman room plovers eggs noticed sebastian polite lack curiosity say dream offensive suggest met mummy sends brideshead lay early eggs eating lobster newburg guest arrived dear couldn lunching preposterous tutor thought odd leaving told change moment arrived newcomer took charge talking luxurious taught stammer teasing caricaturing guests previous luncheon telling lubricious anecdotes paris berlin entertain transfiguring party shedding vivid false light eccentricity prosaic etonians suddenly creatures fantasy need telling anthony blanche aesthete par excellence byword iniquity cherwell edge somerville young fresh sombre company college essay society ageless lizard foreign martian
bottle wine bloody burgundy eh charles understand tastes france drink wine vintage stay vincennes finest wine france prince de think amuse course love want introduce lot friends told cocteau agog dear charles rare thing artist yes look bashful cold english phlegmatic exterior artist seen drawings hidden room exquisite dear charles understand exquisite artists exquisite sebastian kind exquisite artist eternal type solid purposeful observant beneath passionate eh charles recognizes speaking sebastian charles artist draws young ingres sebastian yes aloysius draws prettily course modern charming amusing course charm don need brains stefanie de vincennes intoxicated ago besotted crawling love lice dear coloured varnish toe nails
brideshead train morning lunched colonel fender agent met minutes arrival anthony blanche description peculiarly apt flyte face carved aztec telescope moving affably tenants stopping greet judges box leaning pen gazing seriously cattle queer fellow brother sebastian looks normal knew craziest twisted inside wanted priest didn think nearly jesuit straight stonyhurst awful mummy couldn exactly try stop course thing wanted think eldest son poor papa church trouble happening frightful monks monsignori running round house mice brideshead sitting glum talking god upset papa abroad mummy finally persuaded oxford think trying mind talks going guards house commons marrying wants wonder stonyhurst papa abroad thing insisted going eton
charles don think father handsome charles lord marchmain shook hand looked train voice sebastian betise slow train milan lido playing tennis professional early evening hot hope boys fairly comfortable upstairs house designed comfort person room size decent dressing room cara possession sizeable room fascinated hear speak mistress simply casually later suspected effect cara hope morrow visiting american friends villa brenta canal dine luna filling english dull home cara sure want morrow cook excellent moved window stood full evening sunlight red damask walls noble face controlled planned slightly weary slightly sardonic slightly voluptuous prime odd think younger father
unattached women considered earlier circling sebastian smiled rose greet soon eating heartily face skull sickly child death head destined party place certainly sebastian thought fairies extreme youth death head giggled re sport re sweet sickly child tell mrs mayfield re going early midnight regained street commissionaire tried persuade taxi look car sir wouldn drive sir wouldn sebastian took wheel women sat show effie mulcaster sat think cheered drove drive turned shaftesbury avenue making piccadilly narrowly escaped head collision taxi cab christ sake effie look re going want murder careless fellow sebastian safe re driving death head side road sebastian swinging abruptly stop sooner walk stop certainly put brakes abruptly halt broadside road policemen quickened stride approached let effie escape leap scamper
lay bath dried slowly fire thinking friend black home coming put dressing gown sebastian room entering knocking sitting fire half dressed started angrily heard put tooth glass gave freight drink don mean christ sake don pretend offer flask finished going lot tell dressed called sebastian found sitting left half dressed fire julia drawing room asked going boring family potin sebastian tight eye tedious pretty boring fault behave talking keeping eye samgrass charles notice fishy fishy think mother saw mummy sees suits household surveillance causing anxiety didn adding humbly paris avoid giving impression trouble notorious evening peculiar gloom dined painted parlour
wrong physical wreck moral obligation postmaster general master foxhounds live walk ten miles eighty wrong moral obligation re religion left brideshead bridey felt moment catholic talk minutes cured manage reduce propositions stark nonsense odd say heard reasons don think priest mind works suppose turn thing round round piece ivory chinese puzzle click fits place upside bit ivory luncheon julia thoughts guest coming drove station meet brought home tea mummy look rex christmas present small tortoise julia initials set diamonds living shell slightly obscene object slipping polished boards striding card table lumbering rug withdrawn touch stretching neck swaying withered head memorable part evening needle hooks experience catch attention larger matters stake remain mind later bit gilding smell tone clock striking recalls tragedy
rex brenda champion staying villa cap ferrat newspaper magnate frequented politicians lady rosscommon ambit living close parties mingled rex began warily pay court summer feeling restless mrs champion proved dead end intensely exciting bonds rigid bonds marriage begun chafe mrs champion lived found english apt rex demanded wider horizon wanted consolidate gains strike black ensign ashore hang cutlass chimney think crops married search eustace living met girls knew julia accounts top debutante suitable prize mrs champion cold eyes watching sun glasses rex cap ferrat establish friendliness widened later entirely julia saw included things taught de fer arranged car drove monte carlo nice lady rosscommon write lady marchmain mrs champion move sooner planned antibes julia salzburg join mother aunt fanny tells friends mottram sure nice don think julia don nice
closed chapel brideshead bridey bishop mummy requiem mass buried priest don think saw took altar stone put bag burned wads wool holy oil threw ash emptied holy water stoup blew lamp sanctuary left tabernacle open empty friday suppose makes sense charles poor agnostic stayed till suddenly wasn chapel oddly decorated room tell felt tenebrae suppose jews felt temple quomodo sedet sola civitas beautiful chant hear trying convert cordelia papa catholic mummy told brought family faith ancestors pompous takes ways family haven constant sebastian julia god won let wonder remember story mummy read evening sebastian drunk mean bad evening
wife softness english reticence white small regular teeth neat rosy finger nails schoolgirl air innocent mischief schoolgirl dress modern jewellery expense give impression distance mass produced ready rewarding smile deference zeal interests motherly heart cable daily nanny home short peculiar charm popular americans cabin departure full cellophane packages flowers fruit sweets books toys children friends known week stewards sisters nursing home judge passengers importance number trophies started voyage high esteem wife thought coming aboard passenger list lot friends going lovely trip let cocktail party evening companion ways sooner cast busy telephone julia celia celia ryder lovely find board cocktail evening tell julia mottram haven seen fact wedding speak private view exhibition canvasses marchmain house lent brideshead hung attracting attention pictures contact flytes lives close drawn sebastian knew abroad rex julia heard unhappy
lounge cling pillar found deserted band played danced tables set bought card ship officer specialty calling numbers patter lower deck sweet sixteen kissed key door twenty click sixty idly talking colleagues score scattered readers games bridge brandy drinking smoking room guests hours disappeared sat empty dance floor wife full schemes impoliteness move table dining room crazy restaurant pay extra exactly dinner film anyway don presently making head ache tired anyway going bed julia walked round ship covered decks wind howled spray leaped darkness smashed white brown glass screen posted passengers open decks dressing room breakable stowed door cabin hooked open wife called plaintively feel terrible
evening lord marchmain spirits room hogarthian aspect dinner table set grotesque chinoiserie chimney piece propped pillows sipping champagne tasting praising failing eat succession dishes prepared homecoming wilcox brought ocassion gold plate seen gilt mirrors lacquer drapery bed julia mandarin coat gave scene air pantomime aladdin cave end spirits flagged sleep going sit cara carissima fatigued cordelia watch hour gethsemane morning asked night passed sleep fire lights asleep woken turned bed think afraid dark natural hospital experience cordelia charge father doctors gave instructions instinctively worse valet look don want nurses house needed stage doctors recommend comfortable administer drugs attacks
correct solicitors london known house lord marchmain wrong thinking religious controversy quashed flamed dinner brideshead evening papa extremis practising member church twenty church church don difference difference bridey plain meant presume meant meant accustomed regularly receive sacraments moment dying mean change ways simply quibble think quibbling tries precise plain meaning extremis wish explain significance sacraments mean dies goes hell priest puts oil oil cordelia heal odder priest goes heaven believe cara interposed think nurse told anyway priest body cold turned cara course wrong cara
nearly twelve hotted hooper straw drawn night lor sorry ryder sergeant block fault going fall party immediately dinner ring till job rightyoh say say knew place yes belongs friends mine words sounded odd ears sebastian saying home family live sense family place size suppose brigade finding built built pleasures building son wondering grow don built forfeited watch son grow homeless childless middle aged loveless hooper looked funny decided laughed camp recce don let nonsense morning okey ryder part house visited chapel showed ill effects neglect art nouveau paint fresh bright art nouveau lamp burned altar
twenty ferney discharged europe hail phamphlets printed scores names forbidden confiscated disowned denied hawked read admired digested thinking heads voltaire ferney longer fashionable benedictine rationalism believed apostolic mission luther calvin tired hearing declared twelve sufficed establish christianity want prove needs destroy nearly letters ended famous formula ecrasons crush vile thing wrote ingenuous caution ecr vile thing religion church exact superstition hounded suffered believed bigotry makes unhappy need part voltaire ferney destructive wanted show absurd suppose omnipotent god creator heaven earth chosen jews small tribe bedouin nomads chosen chronicle race bible packed incredible facts obscenities contradictions took trouble publish title la bible survey biblical text countless notes gospels moral testament full illiterate finally disputes set sects throats eighteen centuries foolish un availing voltairean criticism criticized
lives stir earth sink silent sleep tomb brilliant dancing allegretto voltaire pass abruptly andante maestoso longer royal friends continued bestir frederick ii ordered bust houdon catherine anxious buy library asking letter addressed mme denis niece loved france revolution approved conservative monarchist paved treated prophet constituent assembly ordered transference voltaire ashes pantheon fine procession head belle bonne weeping greek robe restoration sarcophagus profaned circumstances remained mysterious knows frail skeleton fleshless bones eighty supported flimsy framework noble genius de voltaire diderot montesquieu played role transformation eighteenth century france voltaire rousseau remained frenchmen general symbolic figures period voltaire stands satiric destructive facet rousseau popular sentimental facet nineteenth century battles raged round names warfare church ended end dreyfus affair victory voltaire sacred writer church adversaries
splendid brilliant smart orderly armies trumpets fifes oboes drums cannons produced harmony equal heard hell cannons laid low thousand side rifle fire removed worlds ten thousand scoundrels infesting surface bayonet sufficient reason death thousand total risen thirty thousand souls candide trembling philosopher hid heroic carnage finally kings te deums sung camp candide decided reason effect heaps dead dying nearby village ashes avar village bulgars burned accordance international law wounds bodies watching death throes butchered women clutched children bloody breasts girls disemboweled satisfying natural needs heroes breathing sighs mortally burned shrieking hasten death ground strewn brains severed arms legs candide fled village fast belonged bulgars avar heroes treated manner walking quivering limbs ruins finally emerged theater war carrying food sack forgetting lady cunegonde
passenger told story ship continued advance landed buenos aires cunegonde captain candide woman called governor don fernando de lord pride befitting bore names spoke noblest disdain carried nose high raised voice mercilessly adopted imposing tone affected haughty bearing greeted tempted hit furious lust women cunegonde beautiful woman seen thing ask captain wife fact dare say sister white lie fashionable ancients moderns soul pure betray truth lady cunegonde soon honor wife beg excellency kind celebrate wedding don fernando de stroked mustache smiled malevolently ordered captain candide inspect troops candide obeyed governor remained lady cunegonde declared passion vowed marry church charms cunegonde asked quarter hour collect thoughts consult woman mind woman madam seventy generations nobility penny
reached border oreillons territory cacambo candide hemisphere believe thing europe shortest route candide country find bulgars avars slaughtering sight return portugal burned stay re constant danger put spit bring leave part lady cunegonde living let head cayenne cacambo find frenchmen travel able help god pity easy cayenne knew approximately direction terrible obstacles mountains rivers precipices bandits savages horses died fatigue provisions eating wild fruits month stream banks lined coconut trees sustained lives hopes cacambo advice woman candide walked empty boat bank let fill coconuts drift current river leads inhabited spot don find pleasant find let candide place hands providence drifted miles banks covered flowers arid flat steep
meantime shown city saw public buildings rose clouds market places adorned countless columns fountains clear water pink water sugar cane liqueurs flowed continuously broad public squares paved kind precious stone gave odor cloves cinnamon candide asked law courts told lawsuits unknown asked prisons answer surprised delighted palace science saw gallery thousand paces filled instruments mathematics physics spent afternoon covering thousandth city royal palace candide sat table majesty valet cacambo ladies meal served supper conversation sparkling majesty cacambo explained witty remarks candide witty translation things amazed candide means amazing spent month palace candide saying cacambo friend admit comparison country castle born true lady cunegonde mistress europe stay wtih twelve sheep laden stones eldorado richer kings europe put inquisitors fear easily rescue lady cunegonde
sat table excellent dinner library candide saw magnificently bound homer complimented illustrious nobleman taste book delight pangloss philosopher germany delight pococurante coldly believe enjoyed reading constant repetition combats alike gods active decisive helen war appears story troy forever beseiged things bored tears asked learned found book boring sincere admitted put sleep read library relic antiquity rusty coins circulation excellency opinion virgil candide admit pococurante fourth sixth books aeneid excellent pious aeneas stalwart cloanthes faithful achates ascanius idiotic king latinus vulgar amata insipid lavinia think colder unpleasant prefer tasso cock bull stories liberty asking sir candide pleasure reading horace wrote number maxims put pococurante fact re expressed lively verse makes easier remember
soon candide board ship threw arms valet friend cacambo cunegonde asked prodigy beauty love health bought palace constantinople dear master replied cacambo cunegonde washing dishes shore sea marmora prince dishes slave house sovereign named ragotski refuge turkey living small allowance grand turk sadder lost beauty horribly ugly ah beautiful ugly honorable candide duty love forever reduced million brought cacambo give million senor don fernando de fernando de governor buenos aires permission lady cunegonde pirate expertly robbed rest took matapan melos ikaria samos patras dardanelles marmora scutari cunegonde woman working house prince told dethroned sultan slave terrible series calamities candide diamonds easily deliver cunegonde pity ugly turned martin think unfortunate emperor ahmed emperor ivan king charles edward
bottom heart candide desire marry cunegonde baron extreme arrogance determined marriage cunegonde pressing strongly word consulted pangloss martin faithful cacambo pangloss composed fine dissertation proved baron rights sister accordance laws empire candide joined left handed marriage martin advised throwing baron sea cacambo decided returned levantine captain galley slave father general rome ship judged excellent idea woman approved baron sister plan carried aid money pleasure triumphing jesuit punishing haughtiness german baron natural assume candide married mistress disasters living philosopher pangloss philosopher martin prudent cacambo woman brought diamonds land ancient incas lead pleasant cheated jews left farm wife growing uglier shrewish unbearable woman infirm irascible cunegonde cacambo worked garden constantinople sell vegetables worn cursed fate
dressed heighth fashion days pair black tight tights jelly mould called fitting crotch underneath tights protect sort design viddy clear light shape spider pete rooker hand georgie fancy flower poor dim hound horny clown litso face dim idea things shadow doubting thomas dimmest wore waisty jackets lapels big built shoulders pletchoes called kind mockery real shoulders brothers white cravats looked whipped kartoffel spud sort design fork wore hair flip horrorshow boots kicking going eh devotchkas sitting counter malchicks sharps dressed heighth fashion purple green orange wigs gullivers costing weeks sharps wages reckon match rainbows round glazzies rot painted wide
pardon madam sorry disturb friend walk friend bad sudden troublesome turn road dead groaning goodness let telephone telephone ambulance haven telephone devotchka sorry haven inside malenky cottage slooshy clack clack clacky clack clack clackity clackclack veck typing typing stopped goloss calling dear goodness let cup water faint passed sort fainting fit devotchka sort hesitated wait droogs auto quiet crept horrorshow stealthy putting maskies put mine matter putting rooker undoing chain softened devotchka gent goloss shut door strangers night roaring dim playing shoot usual jumping singing dirty slovos nice malenky cottage say
shouldn sir millicents brother sir mean cut clever talk millicents deltoid weary rocking police picked lately mean nastiness bit fight night wasn bit shuffling nozhes bike chains fat boy friends ambulanced late power plant hospitalized cut unpleasantly yes mentioned word usual channels friends named fair amount assorted nastiness night prove usual warning alex friend sore sick community wants save appreciate sir sincerely yes don sort sneered watch yes think alex goloss suffering rocking study problem studying damn century yes farther studies home loving parents bad brain devil crawls inside sir rookers millicents worries sighed deltoid
point brothers plenny row let shoom lip music prrrrp brutal chassos job rushing real skorry thought scene schoom hitting nasty delivering tolchocks left picked poor trembling plenny thin malenky starry dragged creeching wasn difference tolchocked real nasty dragged wing chapel creeching gulliver prison charlie listen word lord picked big book flipped pages keeping wetting fingers licking splurge splurge bolshy burly bastard red litso fond young interested big book arranged part education read book music chapel stereo reading brothers real horrorshow lock let slooshy holy music bach handel read starry yahoodies tolchocking peeting hebrew vino getting bed wives handmaidens real horrorshow going brothers didn kopat later part book preachy govoreeting fighting charles squeezing tight bolshy beefy rooker ah think divine suffering
evening dragged nice gentle brutal tolchocking chassos viddy governor holy holies holy office governor looked weary don suppose morning waiting say personage minister interior minister interior call broom ridiculous ideas orders orders say confidence approve emphatically approve eye eye say hits hit severely hit brutal holligans hit view say view turn bad grossly unjust hm trying respectful accommodating sir chief chasso standing red burly governor chair shut filthy hole scum tired fagged governor reformed tomorrow brodsky believed able leave custody fortnight fortnight big free longer number suppose snorted bit prospect pleases chief chasso answer filthy young swine governor asks question
freed plott chair let skin glazzies open shut shut brothers pain throb gulliver carried wheelchair malenky bedroom veck wheeled singing hound horny snarled shut thou mind friend sang louder put bed felt bolnoy sleep soon started feel soon start feel soon start feeling malenky bit brought nice hot chai plenty moloko sakar peeting knew horrible nightmare past dr branom nice smiling calculations starting feel yes sir wary kopat getting govoreeting calculations seeing getting feeling bolnoy affair calculations sat nice droogy bed edge dr brodsky pleased positive response tomorrow course sessions morning afternoon imagine feeling bit limp end hard cured mean sit mean look
home home home home wanting home brothers walked dark town shoom farm machine coming brought sort village felt viddied villages look dark especially houses drinking mesto end village malenky cottage oddy knocky viddy shining white gate home dripping wet icy rain platties longer heighth fashion real miserable pathetic luscious glory wet tangle cally mess spread gulliver sure cuts bruises litso couple zoobies sort joggled loose touched tongue yahzick sore plott thirsty opening rot cold rain stomach growled grrrrrr pishcha morning brothers home veck help opened gate sort slithered path rain turning ice knocked gentle pathetic door veck knocked malenky bit longer louder heard shoom nogas coming door door opened male goloss yes
dim dim dim alexander saying low mutter dim ittied upstairs real skorry dressed seconds flat auto rubinstein side dolin coughing kashl kashl kashl side da silva driving town flatblock distant flatblock home boy dolin coughing cancer end rot glow red malenky furnace installed ittied dignity labour veshches wall vestibule upped lift brothers flat flats flatblocks town malenky bedrooms live eat room table covered books papers ink bottles cal home da silva settle boy food food cupboard pyjamas drawer rest rest perturbed spirit eh ponying rubinstein starry goloss leaving later occupy thing coughed dolin kashl kashl kashl saw stir red tortured memory friend alexander chance say think mean won let paid bog knows paid
devil bitter early waugh comic target uranium rich east african dunia obviously based oil rich borneo brunei plot miserable protagonist frank lydgate civil servant struggles rival claims wife native mistress snatched wife formidable female spider woman humor derives mainly incongruity staple food dunia chinese spaghetti headhunters upriver shrink belgian head eyeglasses put brylcreem hair book prepares savagery burgess clockwork orange nightmarish fantasy future england hoodlums dark subject dubious redemption hoodlum alex told society limp listless socialism future moon reads streets named avenue priestly place jonny pop singer juke box hit teenage language quarters russian child child ill criminals rehabilitated prison space soon needed opposition elections reelect government streak grotesque surrealism runs burgess books answer melodramatic point corpse grunts turns coffin devil political meeting held movie theatre polecats walk girders roof sneer audience dislodge bits dried excrement heads
careful child psychologist relied experiment conclusions subscribe theories data months child learning baby eyes follow light give definite answers questions developed personality respond religion negative cautions science popular experimentalist commit social philosopher preacher predagogue tried harder give short cut answer observed behaviour adolescents society noted omnipresent obvious symptoms unrest announced characteristics period mothers warned daughters teens present special problems theorists difficult period physical going body child body woman inevitably spirit change stormily theorists looked adolescents civilisation repeated conviction yes stormily view unsanctioned cautious experimentalist gained wide currency influenced educational policy paralysed parental efforts mother brace baby crying cuts tooth fortify bear equanimity unlovely turbulent manifestations awkward age blame child programme endurance urged teacher theorist continued observe behaviour american adolescents lent justification hypothesis difficulties youth illustrated documented records schools juvenile courts
begins dawn moon shown daylight shouts young heard dawn hillside uneasy night populous ghosts shout lustily hasten dawn begins fall soft brown roofs slender palm trees stand colourless gleaming sea lovers slip home trysts beneath palm trees shadow beached canoes light find sleeper appointed place cocks crow negligently shrill voiced bird cries breadfruit trees insistent roar reef muted undertone sounds waking village babies cry short wails sleepy mothers give breast restless children roll sheets wander drowsily beach freshen faces sea boys bent early fishing start collecting tackle rouse laggard companions fires lit white smoke visible paleness dawn village sheeted frowsy stirs rubs eyes stumbles beach talofa talofa journey start bonito fishing lordship going girls stop giggle young ne er escaped night angry father pursuit venture shrewd guess daughter knew presence told boy taunted succeeded sweet heart favour grapples rival foot slipping wet sand end village comes drawn piercing wail
case girls tasks merely supplementary main business baby tending small boys care younger children age relieved rough edges smoothed responsibility younger children worn contact older boys boys admitted interesting important activities behaviour circumspect helpful small girls brusquely pushed small boys patiently tolerated adept making boys wish assist important business helping grown youth lasso reef eels organise highly efficient working team boy holds bait holds extra lasso poke eagerly holes reef looking prey tucks captured eels lavalava small girls burdened heavy babies care staggerers small adventure reef discouraged hostility small boys scorn older opportunity learning adventurous forms play boys undergo chastening effects baby tending opportunities learn effective cooperation supervision older boys girls education comprehensive high standard individual responsibility community lessons operation apparent activities young boys organise quickly girls waste hours bickering innocent technique quick efficient operation
strong contrast fate lusi young eligible games ten eleven elders lived isolated spot merely neighbourhood baby house strategic position door cousins maliu pola important members luma gang maliu oldest members group tremendous feeling young relatives lusi cousin tiny immature lusi full benefit group denied luna extreme end siufaga lives vina gentle unassuming girl fourteen father house stood centre grove palm trees sight ear shot nearest neighbour companions cousin reserved capable eighteen cousins seventeen nineteen cousin twelve neighbourhood younger brothers sisters busy vina brothers sisters younger fend vina comparatively free follow older girls fishing expeditions escaped girl tagging older carrying loads running errands flurried anxious child overconcerned pleasing docile chance encounters contemporaries habit docility free give relationship age group denied denied forever twelve girl casual group association
women fonos sorts fonos precede follow communal sewing thatch guest house bringing coral rubble floor weaving fine mats dowry taupo ceremonial fonos welcome visitors village meetings designated purpose falelalaga weaving bee aiga fiafa ladies feast women recognised socially women visiting village taupo court centre recognition women malaga travelling party wives high chiefs treat taupo courtesy respect address highness accompany journeys separate set nouns verbs speaking discrepancy young girls strict subjection households outrank aunts mothers social villages ceremonial undercutting older women authority seriously jeopardise discipline household considerations tenuousness girls organisation fact village chief raison etre dance attendance older women definite industrial tasks perform village emphasis idea service chief duty taupo village princess village servant waits strangers spreads beds makes kava dances wish rises sleep serve visitors chief
attitude girl learns boys avoidance antagonism learns observe brother sister taboo boys relationship group household small girls age group treats small boys enemies elect girl age learned approach group older boys feeling antagonism younger boys shamed avoidance older continues age thirteen fourteen group girls reaching puberty group boys circumcised children growing age group age group antagonisms actively sex conscious relationships sexes emotionally charged married woman children samoan girl regard opposite sex quietly adolescent children gather banter minimum embarrassment deal random teasing takes form accusing girl consuming passion decrepit eighty small boy father buxom matron eighth child occasionally banter takes form attributing affection age mates gaily indignantly repudiated children age meet informal siva parties outskirts formal occasions community reef fishings yards reef enclosed fish trap torch fishing excursions tussling banter operation common activities keynote occasions
ease personality differences adjusted change residence prevents samoans pressing hard evaluations personality curious mixture caution fatalism word musu expresses unwillingness intractability mistress refuses welcome hitherto welcome lover chief refuses lend kava bowl baby won bed talking chief won malaga appearance musu attitude treated superstitious respect lovers prescribe formulae treatment mistress musu behavior suppliant carefully oriented respect mysterious undesirability feeling dealing individual terms peculiar preoccupations order assure successful outcome personal relationship appealing vanity fear desire power series potent practices prevent mysterious widespread psychological phenomenon arising attitude appeared samoan habitually struggle detailed inquiry minimum complaint fatalistic acceptance inexplicable attitude makes odd incuriousness motives samoans insensitive differences full appreciation differences blurred conception obstinate disposition tendency umbrage irascibility contra biases roads attitude musa lack curiosity motivation furthered conventional acceptance completely ambiguous answer personal question
background knowledge samoan custom child educated claims community makes children young attitude sex personality tale group girls spent months group girls ten twenty age lived villages lee side island tau lives group responses individuals lies answer question coming age samoa reader remember principal activity girls baby tending reef fishing weave ball pin wheel climb cocoanut tree afloat swimming hole changed level fifteen feet wave grate skin breadfruit taro sweep sanded yard house carry water sea simple washing dance individualised siva knowledge biology death overlapped proportion knowledge organisation society niceties conduct prescribed elders position paralleled culture child seen birth death taught pass knife blade change quarter children speak courtesy language elementary forms knowledge confined words invitation acceptance ignorance effectually barred conversations elders ceremonial occasions
older girls definitely divided lived pastor households glance table appendix show girls couple past puberty definite inverse correlation residence home chastity exception ela forgiven household pastor workers short ela friend cousin talo girl group sex experience menstruation begun talo clearly case delayed menstruation signs puberty present aunt shrugged shoulders face talo obvious sophistication winning charm attempt control friendship girls important friendships group girls definitely proclaimed preference homosexual practices undoubtedly instrumental producing talo precocity solacing ela stricter regime pastor household casual homosexual relations girls assumed importance part growing girls women working regarded pleasant natural diversion tinged salacious heterosexual relationships casual shallowly channelled pattern homosexual relationships fall native theory vocabulary recognised real pervert incapable normal heterosexual response small population sufficient explanation rarity types saw sasi boy twenety studying ministry slightly pronouncedly feminine appearance skilled women homosexual drive strong goad making continual advances boys
community makes distinction unmarried girls wives untitled demands makes seldom difference sex experience groups dividing line falls married unmarried grown women growing girls important sisters ceremonial affairs girl twenty twenty unmarried loses laissez faire attitude family pressure effective bringing change adult able married sisters brothers young wives expected contribute heavily household undertakings lives group contemporaries responsibilities marriage making increased demands rivalry emulation enter anxious marital chances preoccupation sex experimentation worn settles increase wife native theory girl knows sew thatch thatch married actual practice adult unmarried girls perform household agricultural tasks identical performed married sisters pregnancy nursing children tie young married women house unmarried girls free fishing expeditions inland search weaving materials married couple live household girl boy choice basis rank industrial needs households change residence makes difference girl boy married woman lived narrow sphere associates women household
background differences broad important components due characteristics samoan characteristics primitive samoan background makes growing easy simple matter general casualness society samoa place plays high stakes pays heavy prices suffers convictions fights death special ends disagreements parent child settled child moving street village removal village husband wife seducer fine mats poverty disasters threaten hold lives dearly tremble continued existence implacable gods swift anger strong punish disturb tenor days wars cannibalism passed greatest tears short death journey relative island hurried punished harshly slowness development gifted precocious held slowest caught pace personal relations caring slight love hate jealousy revenge sorrow bereavement matters weeks months child handed carelessly woman hands lesson learned caring person greatly setting high hopes relationship
present sharper contrast average american home small number children close theoretically permanent tie parents drama entrance child scene deposition baby growing girl learns depend individuals expect rewards kinds personalities set preference personal relations grows playing boys girls learning brothers cousins schoolmates think boys class individuals nice brother fond disagreeable domineering brother bad terms preference physical temperament character develops forms foundations adult attitude choice plays vivid role samoan girl tastes rewards romantic love suffer maid appealed lover found lover appealing frustrated wife marriage fulfilled high demands learned art disciplining sex feeling special channels approved personality inclined account solution samoans attain consider dignified standard personal relations willing pay penalty frigidity marriage huge toll barren unmarried women move unsatisfied procession american english stage
furniture exception chests cupboards invaded house goes floor speaking feet house unforgivable breach etiquette visitor learn sit cross hours murmuring samoans christian hundred exception small number catholics mormons natives american samoa adherents london missionary society known samoa church tahiti local origin congregationalist missionaries exceedingly successful adapting stern doctrine sterner ethics british protestant sect widely divergent attitudes group south sea islanders missionary boarding schools trained boys native pastors missionaries islands girls pastors wives pastor house educational religious centre village pastor school children learn read write language early missionaries adapted script simple sums sing hymns missionaries opposed teaching natives english weaning simplicity primitive existence accounted harmful elders church preach excellent sermons cases extensive knowledge bible translated samoan accounts transact lengthy business affairs speak english tau half dozen individuals knowledge english
descriptions samoan points struck reader forcibly extreme flexibility civilisation found flexibility result blending european ideas beliefs mechanical devices primitive culture impossible say due genius samoan culture fortunate accident foreign elements received harmonious acculturation parts south seas contact white civilisation resulted complete degeneration native loss native techniques traditions annihilation past samoa growing child faced smaller dilemma confronts american born child european parentage gap parents children narrow painless showing unfortunate aspects present period transition culture offering alternative careers children lightened parental yoke essentially children growing homogeneous community uniform set ideals aspirations present ease adolescence samoan girls safely attributed period transition fact adolescence period unstressed development significant additional stimulus attempt modify conditions samoan culture remain hundred fair point samoan culture white influence flexible dealt kindly individual aberrant aboriginal samoa harder girl sex delinquent present samoa
training diagnosis mentally diseased apparatus exact diagnosis mentally defective simply record number amateur observations interest specialist interested possibilities studying pathology primitive peoples archipelago population thousand saw case classed idiocy imbecile boy fourteen appeared feeble minded insane thirty showed delusion grandeur sexual invert approximated greater development breasts mannerism attitudes women preference women activities norm opposite sex idiot child children younger brother walked mother declared children legs shrunken withered enormous belly large head set low shoulders walk talk drooled continually command excretory functions imbecile girl lived island opportunity observe length past puberty pregnant saw talk perform simple tasks performed children half realise condition giggled foolishly stared vacantly mentioned fourteen boy saw definitely demented giving external picture catatonic dementia praecox took attitudes urged times violent unmanageable
objects systems produced technology perform services operate interdependently impersonally mechanical failure industrial unrest factory makes component automobile affect working thousands working factories components car step road path oncoming vehicle depend accuracy brakes fitted meet frost brazil change coffee drinking habits making price prohibitive change policy country visited personal connections radically alter case oil producing states raised price oil set rampant inflation western lived isolated secure leading limited lives forms shaped controlled elements intimately acquainted vulnerable change experience control thanks technology island paradoxically drawing community results increasing isolation individual technological support systems underpin existence complex understandable feels involved operation comprehending function confident able operate international airlines criss cross sky carrying million passengers tiny fraction population flown let visited foreign country learned foreign language gain experience television
bases ptolemy accuracy required measuring degrees position minutes demanded astronomical instruments ptolemy produced star table part system listing stars giving positions sky seen alexandria construction instrument measuring positions astrolabe basic tool observers thousand star tables ptolemy considerable navigators mercantile city evidence astronomer sailors took advantage astronomical data ptolemy lifetime eudoxus cnidus pytheas marseilles measurement angle star lay sky tell north south home port table angle fact difference relate position observing star working backwards table position part greek roman sailors stars determine direction roman writer lucan follow setting axis guides ships lesser bear rises stands high yards looking bosphorus words bear north left ship heading east hundred ptolemy wrote rome fell alexandria penetrated lands north mediterranean lost confusion anarchy europe romans withdrew
gilbert cambridge age twenty moved london quickly physician leading families capital court england seen stable reigns henry viii daughter virgin queen country won victories enemies thanks judicious effective secret police enjoyed decades peace home dissolution monasteries henry growth overseas trade england experienced period prosperity prepared hard eye main chance wished provided political nose clean community call socially upwardly mobile money invest wisely expanding economy spent leisured pursuit interests upper middle class aristocracy meant weeks hunting gilbert meant trying solve riddle inconstant compass needle took eighteen physician gilbert nearest thing call scientist personal friend sir francis drake voyages discovery early corresponded scientific radicals england continent studies cambridge known classical authors theories regarding special curative powers lodestone rock needles magnetic regarded theories nonsense
armies took battle formations french included mounted knights drew riders ranks ranks dismounted crossbowmen english formed groups ranks deep dismounted arms wedges archers hours moved french knights arguing charge lot jostling pushing differences rank region began show knight wanted rank charge insults exchanged arguments flared motley nature army drawn france clear henry moved forward bowshot french yards stakes english carried days stuck mud angled french points french shoved muttered move henry decided minds ordered archers fire air arrows thousand bows rained french galling horses wounding tightly packed mass suddenly french charged apparently central order straight mud english henry archers fired horses bringing riders hundreds suffocated mud unable move armour compatriots piled top dispatched english archers running forward slide knife joints armour half hour english lost french myth invincible knight shattered weapon suddenly turned medieval social order upside welsh longbow
june torricelli wrote colleague friend rome michelangelo ricci explain experiment carried assistant vincenzo viviani added drawings margin viviani filled foot tube mercury upended dish full metal open end tube beneath surface mercury dish took finger open end tube mercury ran dish stopped mercury column left tube inches dish torricelli reasoned weight air pressing mercury dish exactly equal weight mercury left tube weight air mercury tube run dish wrote live submerged bottom ocean air space top tube left mercury thing thought impossible vacuum torricelli wrote pressure air atmospheric ocean vary according ocean ricci realizing current church opinion rome kindly arguments true things existence interplanetary vacuum sun orbiting planets copy torricelli letter priest paris father marin mersenne extraordinary minorite friar ran kind scientific salon radical thinkers
basic types drive mills overshot wheel powered water falling wheel paddles undershot wheel driven current moving paddles bottom wheel obviously depended water supply running flat river mill pond falling side steep slope gearing system referred vitruvius gave water mill immense flexibility gears mill operate vertical wheel water source wider wheel narrowest streams provide water gearing allowed manipulation ratio speed wheel rate grindstones turned rate water flow limiting factor siting mill fast flowing river slowed means gears slow stream accelerated extent mills tenth century related profit mill owner cases owners churchmen knowledge construct mills literacy accounting systems run businesses lease mills periods farmers taking profit flour coin flour commodity saw lifetime saxon word aristocrat lord meaning loaf giver grain mill spread gaul modern france belgium low countries roman times end tenth century widely europe
twelve sections sky power aspect house section sky called eastern horizon house house sky house riches fraternity fourth relationships children sixth health seventh marriage eighth death ninth religion tenth dignity eleventh friendship twelth animosity earth turned appeared planets constellations moved twelve houses turn star planet significance astrologers dream influence depend house passing critical moments jupiter astrological sign beginning doctor prescription meant male white land electrum mixture gold silver things astrologer knew exact child conception tell expectant parents conceived jupiter house riches baby successful fair landowning male jeweller basis belief predictive abilities herod asked star appeared bethelehem predictive abilities relating human condition physicians diagnoses cures disease treatment closely linked heavenly influences onset complaint blood let instance tuesdays wednesdays days belong mars mercury differing influences blood
convergence experience motive power water increasingly scientific view rotating heavens lead development fundamental inventions history technology mechanical clock interest knowing exact hour begun foundation benedictine order century rule st benedict activities times night midnight dawn sunrise tertia halfway sunrise midday sexta midday nona mid afternoon vespers hour sunset hours prayer ritual called canonical hours saying prayers part discipline benedict imposed order essential monks salvation canonical hours determined easily sundial night required member community sit night ring bell wake drive find automated timekeeper strong chronicled evidence church semi automatic device tell comes monk called jocelyn de wrote things fire church bury st edmunds suffolk june church centre pilgrimage supposed house body saint fire potential disaster spiritually financially community night question monks awakened crackle flames jocelyn words ran found flames raging belief embracing refectory reaching nearly beams church
difference maudslay lathe preceded scaled lathe ornamental industrial size losing precision managed fanatic accuracy maudslay lathe known cart worked lead screw principle sliding tool rest perfectly mounted accurately planed triangular bars maudslay reputation rested fact machines produce accurate faster spent chatting frenchman passed shop wells street morning chance encounter brought maudslay contact fellow royalist emigre republican france marc isambard brunel recently returned america brunel maudslay idea making ships blocks blocks essential running ship shaped wooden blocks pulley set fixed line attached block tightened loosened control rigging hauling heavy material moving guns position rapidly took blocks operate gun ship vessel incidentally class blocks hand brunel idea making machine wanted maudslay machines took maudslay blocks
lighting oil manufacturers sold gallon oil pumped ground exception volatile lighter parts illuminants thrown waste produced stage distillation crude oil considered dangerous low flash point explode low temperatures end nineteenth century developments turn dangerous waste product vital asset found coal gas frenchman joseph etienne lenoir found mixture gas air readily explode discovery design machine unlike double version engine piston moved explosion success machine interested german engineer nikolaus otto designed famous otto engine supplies town gas air fed cylinder caused explode forced piston caused mechanical linkage operate cam return original position turning cam pushed piston cylinder expelling burnt gases stroke piston sucked supply gas air compressed gases point maximum compression gases exploded cycle repeated classic stroke otto cycle source power caught immediately power pumps sewing machines printing presses lathes looms saws things
part capital benefit enlightenment river thames repository waste products coal distillation process tons dumped water similar dumping going gas producing machinery action scotsman ran cloth dyeing business glasgow arrived gas works looking cheap naphtha identified coal tar waste believed naphtha sued cleaner dyeing machines thrown hoped cheaply naphtha materials accidentally found dissolve rubber brought america spanish rubber limited took principal erasing errors extent surgical catheters cores balls discovery rubber dissolved enabled clothing industry dyer question spread dissolved rubber sheets cotton called product macintosh waterproofing patent issued macintosh supplying government set partnership manchester cotton mill unknown called thomas hancock experimenting rubber looking weatherproof coaches reason business london selling rubber
reasons britain let slip early lead industry country rich stronger industrial base rest europe benefited cheap imports colonies acted captive markets british manufacturing easy money areas activity tried known sound banker risk money venture dyes need industrial scientist engineer enjoyed low social position perkin felt embarrassment making money perkin dreamed afford return industry pure science german attitude entirely influence german philosophers eighteenth century kant wolf pedagogic teachings swiss pestalozzi helped alter radically structure german education believed body knowledge incomplete higher education inculcate repetition known fact train minds business investigation early nineteenth century germans founded technical high schools standardization university technical school training mixed social classes acceptable english german dyestuffs industry schools find talent build firms close personal ties academic staff encouraged case basf heinrich caro chemist england join research team association universities helped success basf
detailed continued county surveys extended lowlands scotland limitation prove acutely embarrassing stuart family bid english throne james edward stuart claimed james viii scotland james iii england french help support highland scots caused standard raised braes mar aberdeenshire september rebellion german king george london easily crushed badly organized ineptly led taught english generals war conducted easily maps previously thought survey scotland spite realization reports highlanders pacified measures rebellion thought member parliament bath major general george wade examine situation according wade things bad clansmen fully expected arms english throne opportunity present suggested garrisons stationed permanently area purpose keeping eye clans system roads built connect garrisons moved quickly aid occasion demanded roads began beginning stretch fort william fort augustus
heroic treatment historical change shown generated genius individuals conveniently labelled inventors treatment edison invented electric light bell telephone gutenberg printing press watt steam engine individual responsible producing invention nihilo elevation single inventor position sole creator exaggerates influence events worst denies involvement humbler members society task impossible thematic approach attempts divide past subjects transport communications sail steam warfare metallurgy implies degree foreknowledge exists perforated paper automate lyons silk looms development calculation data transmission integral part development computer venturi principle basic structure operation jet engine carburettor originally produced attempt measure flow water pumps gutenberg movable typeface belonged metallurgy textiles development literacy periodic treatment past seen series units bounded specific dates beginning royal dynasty fall imperial capital city arrival mode transport units conveniently labelled dark ages middle ages renaissance age enlightenment book shown view past simplified give period specific label ignore overlapping nature passage events
final alternative research development directed producing durable goods planned obsolescence seek continued economic health markets unsaturated consumer products words spread wealth offers utopian concept future sharing present level advance wide scale present manufacturing industries decades opportunity gap haves narrow eventually disappear divisions endanger survival planet scientific technological talent diverted serve greater ends education bringing community equal material intellectual footing vision marred major dilemma present inception convince haves reaction richer communities accept lower standard living increase oil prices demonstrated power countries developed economically rich raw materials universal recession matter months whichever alternatives chosen key success undoubtedly vital commodity future information inevitable information disseminated soon society consisting classes informed elite rest danger inherent development obvious meantime major crossroads history
surface earth shore cosmic ocean learned recently waded sea dampen toes wet ankles water inviting ocean calls part knows return aspirations think irreverent trouble gods dimensions cosmos large familiar units distance meters miles chosen utility earth sense measure distance speed light beam light travels miles nearly kilometers times earth minutes travel sun earth say sun light minutes crosses nearly ten trillion kilometers trillion miles intervening space unit length distance light goes called light measures distances enormous distances earth place means place typical place planet star galaxy typical cosmos empty typical place vast cold universal vacuum everlasting night intergalactic space place strange desolate comparison planets stars galaxies achingly rare lovely randomly inserted cosmos chance find planet billion trillion trillion zeroes
humans varieties plants animals nature related process called natural selection changed fundamentally aeons entirely clear alterations beasts vegetables short tenure humans earth fossil evidence fossil record speaks unambiguously creatures present enormous numbers vanished utterly species extinct history earth exist today terminated experiments evolution genetic induced domestication occurred rapidly rabbit domesticated early medieval times bred french monks belief newborn bunnies fish exempt prohibitions eating meat days church calendar coffee fifteenth century sugar beet nineteenth century mink earliest stages domestication ten thousand domestication increased weight wool grown sheep kilogram rough hairs ten twenty kilograms uniform fine volume milk cattle lactation period hundred million cubic centimeters artificial selection major short period natural selection working billions capable answer beauty diversity biological evolution fact theory mechanism evolution natural selection discovery names charles darwin alfred russel wallace
living cell regime complex beautiful realm galaxies stars elaborate machinery cell painstakingly evolved billion fragments food transmogrified cellular machinery today white blood cell yesterday creamed spinach cell inside labyrinthine subtle architecture maintains structure transforms molecules stores energy prepares replication enter cell molecular specks protein molecules frenzied activity merely waiting important proteins enzymes molecules control cell chemical reactions enzymes assembly line workers specializing molecular job step construction nucleotide guanosine phosphate say step dismantling molecule sugar extract energy currency pays getting cellular jobs enzymes run show receive instructions fact constructed orders charge boss molecules nucleic acids live sequestered forbidden city deep interior nucleus cell plunged pore nucleus cell find resembles explosion spaghetti factory disorderly multitude coils strands kinds nucleic acids dna knows rna conveys instructions issued dna rest cell billion evolution produce full complement information cell tree human
government russia czars bothered investigate trivial event occurred backward tungus siberia ten revolution expedition arrived examine ground interview witnesses accounts brought early morning asleep tent blown air occupants fell earth family suffered slight bruises akulina ivan actually lost consciousness regained consciousness heard deal noise saw forest blazing round devastated sitting porch house trading station vanovara breakfast looking north raised axe hoop cask suddenly sky split high forest northern part sky appeared covered fire moment felt heat shirt caught fire wanted pull shirt throw moment bang sky mighty crash heard thrown ground sajenes porch moment lost consciousness wife ran carried hut crash noise stones falling sky guns firing earth trembled lay ground covered head afraid stones hit
earth moon moon severely cratered impacts earth avoided meteor crater rare comets asteroids think inadvisable impact inhabited planet unlikely forbearance explanation impact craters formed similar rates earth moon airless waterless moon preserved immense periods earth slow erosion wipes fills running water windblown sand mountain building slow processes millions billions capable utterly erasing large impact scars surface moon planet external processes impacts space internal processes earthquakes fast catastrophic events volcanic explosions processes excruciating slowness pitting surface tiny airborne sand grains general answer question processes dominate inside rare violent events common inconspicuous occurrences moon catastrophic events hold sway earth inside slow processes dominate mars intermediate case orbits mars jupiter countless asteroids tiny terrestrial planets largest hundred kilometers oblong shapes tumbling space cases asteroids tight mutual orbits collisions asteroids happen frequently occasionally piece chipped accidentally intercepts earth falling ground meteorite exhibits shelves museums fragments distant worlds
ago story goes celebrated newspaper publisher telegram noted astronomer wire collect immediately hundred words mars astronomer dutifully replied knows knows knows times despite confession ignorance asserted dogged persistence expert paid heed hear authoritative pronouncements think excluded want mars want mars excesses camps strong passions frayed tolerance ambiguity essential science simply wish told answer answer avoid burden keeping mutually exclusive possibilities heads scientists believed mars inhabited later proved flimsiest evidence concluded planet lifeless preliminary search manifestation unsuccessful ambiguous blues played red planet martians eager speculations ardent fantasies martians say saturnians plutonians mars glance earthlike nearest planet surface polar ice caps drifting white clouds raging dust storms seasonally changing patterns red surface twenty hour tempting think inhabited mars kind mythic arena projected earthly hopes fears psychological predispositions pro con mislead
allegorical symbol found atlas justice floor town hall inlaid map dating late seventeenth early eighteenth centuries reaching west africa pacific ocean holland arena map disarming modesty dutch omitted latin belgium part europe typical ships set sail halfway west coast africa called ethiopian sea south coast africa straits madagascas past southern tip india sailed major focus interests spice islands present indonesia expeditions journeyed land named holland today called australia ventured straits malacca past phillipines china mid seventeenth century account embassy east india company united provinces netherlands grand tartar emperor china dutch burgers ambassadors sea captains stood wide eyed amazement face face civilization imperial city peking holland power small country forced live wits foreign policy contained strong pacifist element tolerance unorthodox opinions haven intellectuals refugees censorship thought control europe united states benefited enormously exodus intellectuals nazi dominated europe
deep clouds jupiter weight overlying layers atomosphere produces pressures higher found earth pressures electrons squeezed hydrogen atoms producing remarkable substance liquid metallic hydrogen physical observed terrestrial laboratories requisite pressures achieved earth hope metallic hydrogen superconductor moderate temperatures manufactured earth revolution electronics interior jupiter pressures million times atmospheric pressure surface earth dark sloshing ocean metallic hydrogen core jupiter lump rock iron earth pressure vise hidden forever center largest planet electrical currents liquid metal interior jupiter source planet enormous magnetic field largest solar system belt trapped electrons protons charged particles ejected sun solar wind captured accelerated jupiter magnetic field vast numbers trapped clouds condemned bounce pole pole chance encounter high altitude atmospheric molecule removed radiation belt io moves orbit close jupiter plows midst intense radiation creating cascades charged particles turn generate violent bursts radio energy influence eruptive processes surface io predict radio bursts jupiter reliability weather forecasts earth computing position io
revolution cosmos chaos early greeks believed chaos phrase genesis context form chaos created mated goddess called night offspring eventually produced gods universe created chaos perfect keeping greek belief unpredictable nature run capricious gods sixth century ionia concept developed ideas human species universe knowable ancient ionians argued exhibits internal order regularities nature permit secrets uncovered nature entirely unpredictable rules obey ordered admirable character universe called cosmos ionia unassuming pastoral landscapes remote islands inlets eastern mediterranean cities india egypt babylonia china mesoamerica china astronomical tradition millennia invented paper printing rockets clocks silk porcelain ocean going navies historians argue traditionalist society unwilling adopt innovations india extremely rich mathematically gifted culture historians maintain rigid fascination idea infinitely universe condemned endless cycle deaths rebirths souls universes fundamentally happen mayan aztec societies accomplished astronomy captivated indians large numbers historians declare lacked aptitude impetus mechanical invention mayans aztecs children toys invent wheel
ionian spirit won think course venturing stars survey ships alpha centauri barnard star sirius tau ceti returned ago fleets interstellar transports construction earth orbit unmanned survey ships liners immigrants immense trading ships plow seas space ships symbols writing looked closely language greek symbol bow starships dodecahedron inscription starship theodorus planet earth line things slowly ready stars century solar system explored put planet order resources technical knowledge stars examined distances diversity planetary systems extremely stars visit machines descendants skim light children thales aristarchus leonardo einstein planetary systems abundance vicinity sense jupiter saturn uranus satellite system relative sizes spacings moons resembles closely planets sun extrapolation statistics double stars greatly disparate mass suggests single stars sun planetary companions
examined sun nearest star wavelengths radio waves ordinary visible light rays arise outermost layers exactly red hot stone anaxagoras thought ball hydrogen helium gas glowing high temperatures poker glows brought red heat anaxagoras partly violent solar storms produce brilliant flares disrupt radio communications earth immense arching plumes hot gas guided sun magnetic field solar prominences dwarf earth sunspots visible naked eye sunset cooler regions enhanced magnetic field strength incessant roiling turbulent activity comparatively cool visible surface temperatures degrees hidden interior sun sunlight generated million degrees stars accompanying planets born gravitational collapse cloud interstellar gas dust collision gas molecules interior cloud heats eventually point hydrogen begins fuse helium hydrogen nuclei combine form helium nucleus attendant release gamma ray photon suffering alternate absorption emission overlying matter gradually working surface star losing energy step photon epic journey takes million visible light reaches surface radiated space star turned gravitational collapse prestellar cloud halted weight outer layers star supported high temperatures pressures generated interior nuclear reactions
gravity sufficiently high light place called black hole enigmatically indifferent surroundings kind cosmic cheshire cat density gravity sufficiently high black hole winks disappears universe called black light escape inside light trapped things attractively lit black hole invisible gravitational presence palpable interstellar voyage paying attention find drawn irrevocably body stretched unpleasantly thin thread matter accreting disk surrounding black hole sight worth remembering unlikely case survived trip thermonuclear reactions solar interior support outer layers sun postpone billions catastrophic gravitational collapse white dwarfs pressure electrons stripped nuclei holds star neutron stars pressure neutrons staves gravity elderly star left supernova explosions impetuosities times sun mass forces known prevent collapse star shrinks incredibly spins reddens disappears star twenty times mass sun shrink size greater los crushing gravity star slips generated crack space continuum vanishes universe black holes thought english astronomer john mitchell idea bizarre generally recently
worlds arisen worlds charred ruined cosmic catastrophes fortunate alive powerful welfare civilization species hands speak earth committed survival human species undertaking venture successful important colonization land descent trees haltingly tentatively breaking shackles earth metaphorically confronting taming admonitions primitive brains physically voyaging planets listening messages stars enterprises linked indissolubly believe condition energies directed war hypnotized mutual mistrust concerned species planet nations prepare death horrifying tend think consider unlikely put thinking person fears nuclear war technological plans knows madness nation excuse dreary chain causality germans working bomb beginning war ii americans americans soviets british french chinese indians pakistanis end twentieth century nations collected nuclear weapons easy devise fissionable material stolen nuclear reactors
thirds mass human brain cerebral cortex devoted intuition reason humans evolved gregariously delight company care cooperate altruism built brilliantly deciphered patterns nature sufficient motivation ability figure willing contemplate nuclear war wholesale destruction emerging global society willing contemplate wholesale restructuring societies extraterrestrial perspective global civilization clearly edge failure important task faces preserve lives citizens planet willing explore vigorously nation major traditional ways things fundamental redesign economic political social religious institutions faced disquieting alternative tempted minimize seriousness problem argue worry doomsdays alarmists hold fundamental institutions impractical contrary human nature nuclear war practical human nature full scale nuclear war happened imply experience late reformulate statistics united states governments actually supports agency devoted reversing arms race comparative budgets department defense billion dollars arms control disarmament agency billion dollars remind relative importance assigned activities
cost major ventures space permanent bases moon human exploration mars say large think mustered future dramatic progress nuclear conventional disarmament pressing needs earth doubt avoid destruction sooner later perform missions impossible maintain static society kind psychological compound interest small tendency retrenchment turning cosmos adds generations significant decline conversely slight commitment ventures earth call columbus enterprise stars builds generations significant human presence worlds rejoicing participation cosmos million ago northern tanzania volcano erupted resulting cloud ash covering surrounding savannahs paleoanthropologist mary leakey found ash footprints footprints believes early hominid ancestor earth today kilometers flat dry plain humans moment optimism called sea tranquility footprint left human walk billion billion billion local embodiment cosmos grown awareness begun contemplate origins starstuff pondering stars organized assemblages ten billion billion billion atoms considering evolution atoms tracing journey consciousness arose
human beings young significant events personal lives measured lifetimes decades family genealogies centuries recorded history millennia preceded awesome vista extending prodigious periods past written records real difficulty grasping immensity intervals involved able date events remote past geological stratification radioactive dating provide information geological events theory data ages planetary surfaces stars milky galaxy estimate elapsed extraordinary event called big bang explosion involved matter energy present universe big bang beginning universe discontinuity information earlier history universe destroyed certainly earliest event record instructive express cosmic chronology imagine fifteen billion lifetime universe present incarnation big bang compressed span single billion earth history correspond twenty days cosmic real revolutions earth sun pages present cosmic chronology forms list representative pre december dates calendar month december closer look late evening eve
species group produce fertile offspring crosses mating breeds dogs yields puppies grown reproductively competent dogs crosses species species similar donkeys horses produce infertile offspring case mules donkeys horses categorized separate species viable infertile matings widely separated species lions tigers occur rarely offspring fertile definition species fuzzy human beings members species homo sapiens means optimistic latin wise probable ancestors homo erectus homo habilis extinct classified genus homo species lately attempted experiments crosses produce fertile offspring earlier times widely held offspring produced crosses extremely organisms minotaur theseus slew result mating bull woman roman historian pliny suggested ostrich newly discovered result cross giraffe gnat suppose female giraffe male gnat practice crosses attempted understandable lack motivation chart appears page referred repeatedly chapter solid curve shows times earliest emergence major taxa taxa exist course shown points figure
accidentally mutations provide working material biological evolution mutation melanin moths color white black moths commonly rest english birch trees white coloration protective camouflage conditions melanin mutation advantage dark moths starkly visible eaten birds mutation selected industrial revolution began cover birch bark soot situation reversed moths melanin mutation survived mutation selected moths dark passing inheritable change future generations occasional reverse mutations eliminating melanin adaptation moths english industrial pollution controlled note interaction mutation natural selection moth making conscious effort adapt changed environment process random statistical large organisms human beings average mutation ten gametes percent chance sperm egg cell produced inheritable change genetic instructions determine makeup generation mutations occur random uniformly harmful rare precision machine improved random change instructions making mutations recessive manifest immediately high mutation rate biologists suggested larger complement genetic dna bring unacceptably high mutation rates wrong genes
limbic system appears generate strong vivid emotions immediately suggests additional perspective reptilian mind characterized powerful passions wrenching contradictions dutiful stolid acquiescence behavior genes brains dictate electrical discharges limbic system result symptoms similar psychoses produced psychedelic hallucinogenic drugs fact sites action psychotropic drugs limbic system controls exhilaration awe variety subtle emotions think uniquely human master gland pituitary influences glands dominates human endocrine system intimate part limbic region mood altering qualities endocrine imbalances give important hint connection limbic system states mind small almond shaped inclusion limbic system called amygdala deeply involved aggression fear electrical stimulation amygdala placid domestic animals rouse unbelievable states fear frenzy case house cat cowered terror presented small white mouse hand naturally ferocious animals lynx docile tolerate petted handled amygdalas extirpated malfunctions limbic system produce rage fear sentimentality apparent natural hyperstimulation produce results suffering malady find feelings inexplicable inappropriate considered mad emotion determining role limbic endocrine systems pituitary amygdala hypothalamus provided small hormonal proteins exude affect areas brain
frontal lobes involved peculiarly human functions ways control anticipation future sites concern locales worry transection frontal lobes reduces anxiety prefrontal lobotomy greatly reduce patient capacity human price pay anticipation future anxiety foretelling disaster fun pollyanna happier cassandra cassandric components nature survival doctrines regulating future produced origins ethics magic science legal codes benefit foreseeing catastrophe ability steps avoid sacrificing short term term benefits society result foresight materially secure generates leisure social technological innovation suspected function frontal lobes mankind bipedal posture upright stance development frontal lobes later detail standing feet freed hands manipulation led major accretion human cultural physiological traits real sense civilization product frontal lobes visual information eyes arrives human brain chiefly occipital lobe head auditory impressions upper part temporal lobe beneath temple fragmentary evidence components neo cortex substantially developed blind deaf lesions occipital lobe produced gunshot wounds frequently induce impairment field vision
triune brain model derives studies comparative neuroanatomy behavior honest introspection unknown human species triune brain model correct expect hint history human knowledge widely known hypothesis reminiscent triune brain sigmund freud division human psyche id ego super ego aggressive sexual aspects complex correspond satisfyingly freudian description id latin beast aspect natures freud description id lay stress ritual social hierarchy aspects complex describe emotions ego function oceanic experience freudian equivalent religious epiphany superego dipicted primarily site abstract reasoning internalizer societal parental strictures triune brain suspect function complex describe psychoanalytic tripartite mind weakly accord triune brain model metaphor freud division mind conscious preconscious latent capable tapped unconscious repressed unavailable tension exists components psyche freud mind capacity neurosis merely obverse capacity cultural development called unconscious functions primary processes superior agreement found metaphor human psyche platonic dialogue phaedrus
course considerable body anecdotal information suggesting chimpanzee intelligence study behavior simians including behavior wild indonesia alfred russel wallace discoverer evolution natural selection wallace concluded baby orangutan studied behaved exactly human child similar circumstances fact orangutan malay phrase meaning ape woods teuber recounted stories told parents pioneer german ethologists founded operated research station devoted chimpanzee behavior tenerife canary islands early decade century wolfgang kohler performed famous studies sultan chimpanzee genius able connect rods order reach inaccessible banana tenerife chimpanzees observed maltreating chicken extend food fowl encouraging approach thrust piece wire concealed chicken retreat soon allow approach beaten fine combination behavior thought uniquely human cooperation planning future course action deception cruelty reveals chickens low capacity avoidance learning ago extensive attempt communicate chimpanzees newborn chimp household newborn baby raised twin cribs twin bassinets twin high chairs twin potties twin diaper pails twin babypowder cans end young chimp course outstripped young human manual dexterity running leaping climbing motor skills
earlier studies takasakiyama mountain northeast kyushu inhabited macaques show similar pattern cultural evolution visitors takasakiyama threw caramels wrapped paper monkeys common practice japanese zoos takasakiyama macaques encountered course play young monkeys discovered unwrap caramels eat habit passed successively playmates mothers dominant males macaques act babysitters young finally subadult males furthest social remove monkey children process acculturation took natural primate communities existing nonverbal communications rich pressure development elaborate gestural language gestural language chimpanzee survival doubt transmitted culturally generations expect significant developemnt elaboration language generations chimps unable communicate die fail reproduce basic english corresponds words chimpanzees accomplished vocabularies exceeding percent number ago implausible science fiction question generations verbal chimpanzee community emerge memoirs natural history mental chimpanzee published english japanese told line chimpanzees consciousness capable abstractions human rights
connection dreams evolution aeschylus saying prehuman ancestors lived waking lives akin dreaming lives principal benefits development human intelligence ability understand true nature import dreams principal states mind human beings waking sleeping dreaming detects brain waves records distinct patterns electrical activity brain states brain waves represent small currents voltages produced electrical circuitry brain typical strengths brain wave signals measured microvolts typical frequencies hertz cycles familiar cycles frequency alternating currents electrical outlets north america sleep doubt stay body generates neurochemicals literally force sleep sleep deprived animals generate molecules cerebrospinal fluid cerebrospinal fluid sleep deprived animals induces sleep injected animals perfectly wide awake powerful reason sleep conventional answer physiology folk medicine alike sleep restorative effect opportunity body perform mental physical housekeeping needs daily living actual evidence view common sense plausibility sparse worrisome aspects contention animal exceptionally vulnerable sleeping granted animals sleep nests caves holes trees logs recessed camouflaged locations
sperry collaborators performed elegant series experiments separate stimuli presented left hemispheres split brain patients typical experiment word hatband flashed screen hat left visual field band visual field patient reports saw word band clear terms ability communicate verbally idea hemisphere received visual impression word hat asked kind band patient guess outlaw band rubber band jazz band comparable experiments patient asked write saw left hand inside box scrawls word hat knows motion hand written information arrive left hemisphere controls verbal ability bewildering write utter answer experiments exhibit similar results patient able feel dimensional plastic letters view left hand letters spell correct english word love cup patient able hemisphere weak verbal ability roughly comparable dreams correctly spelling word patient unable give verbal indication word spelled clear split brain patients hemisphere scarcely faintest idea hemisphere learned
communication cerebral hemispheres impaired patient finds behavior inexplicable clear speaking speaker truth matter compare remark page phaedrus relative independence hemispheres apparent everyday mentioned difficulty describing verbally complex perceptions hemisphere elaborate physical tasks including athletics left hemisphere involvement known ploy tennis ask opponent exactly racket places thumb happens left hemisphere attention question period destroy game deal musical ability hemisphere function commonplace memorize song piece music ability write musical notation piano describe saying fingers memorized piece memorization complex recently pleasure witnessing rehearsal piano concerto major symphony orchestra rehearsals conductor start beginning run end expense rehearsal competence performers concentrates difficult passages impressed soloist memorized entire piece able begin requested place composition glance designated measure score enviable skill mixed left hemisphere function
information handedness australopithecines obtained analysis fossil baboon skulls fractured bone wooden clubs early relatives discoverer australopithecine fossils raymond dart concluded percent left handed roughly fraction modern contrast animals show strong paw preferences favored paw likely left left distinctions run deep past species wonder slight whiff battle rational intuitive hemispheres brain surfaced polarity words left verbal hemisphere controls side fact dexterity side certainly press left hemisphere feel defensive strange insecure hemisphere verbal criticism intuitive thinking suspect ground motive unfortunately reason think hemisphere comparable misgivings expressed nonverbally course left admitting validity methods thinking left hemisphere hemisphere ask equally effective circumstances doubt hemisphere intuitive thinking perceive patterns connections difficult left hemisphere detect patterns exist skeptical critical thinking hallmark hemisphere unalloyed hemisphere doctrines invented trying circumstances erroneous paranoid
think situation hopeful laws nature detect spectroscopy chemical elements common molecules planets stars galaxies fact spectra shows mechanisms atoms molecules induced absorb emit radiation exist distant galaxies observed moving ponderously precise accord laws gravitation determine motion tiny artificial satellite pale blue planet earth gravity quantum mechanics bulk physics chemistry observed intelligent organisms evolving biochemically certainly evolved significantly adaptations enzymes organ systems deal circumstances worlds grips laws nature laws falling bodies simple constant acceleration provided earth gravity velocity falling object increases proportional distance fallen proportional square elementary relations galileo fairly generally grasped imagine universe laws nature immensely complex live universe think organisms perceived universe complex dead arboreal ancestors difficulty computing trajectories brachiated tree tree leave offspring
brains extraterrestrials components slowly accreted evolution tension components hallmark successful lived civilization ability achieve lasting peace brain components certainly significantly extended intelligence extrasomatically employing intelligent machines think highly probable brains machines brains machines ultimately understand practical benefits philosophical insights likely accrue receipt message advanced civilization immense benefits fast assimilate depend details message contents difficult reliable predictions consequence clear receipt message advanced civilization show advanced civilizations methods avoiding destruction real danger present technological adolescence receipt interstellar message provide practical benefit mathematics called existence theorem case demonstration societies live prosper advanced technology finding solution problem helped enormously knowledge solution exists curious connections existence intelligent existence intelligent earth knowledge intelligence clearly present difficulties aperture significant future mankind future view adopted practice
respects similar st augustine hippo lusty intellectually inventive young manhood withdrew sense intellect advised likewise form temptation fraught danger disease curiosity drives try discover secrets nature secrets understanding avail wish learn immense forest full pitfalls perils drawn pulled aways thorns midst things float unceasingly everyday surprised captivated genuine desire study longer dream stars augustine death marks beginning dark ages europe chapter ascent bronowski confessed saddened find suddenly surrounded west sense terrible loss nerve retreat knowledge talking think partly limited understanding appreciation science technology shaped lives civilizations public political communities increasing popularity forms marginal folk science mysticism magic today west east resurgent interest vague anecdotal demonstrably erroneous doctrines true betoken interesting universe false imply intellectual carelessness absence toughmindedness diversion energies promising survival
floor salinas valley ranges foothills level valley bottom hundred mile inlet sea river mouth moss landing centuries ago entrance inland water fifty miles valley father bored drill topsoil gravel white sea sand full shells pieces whalebone twenty feet sand black earth piece redwood imperishable wood rot inland sea valley forest things happened feet night feel sea redwood forest wide level acres valley topsoil lay deep fertile required rich winter rain break grass flowers spring flowers wet unbelievable valley floor foot hills carpeted lupins poppies woman told colored flowers bright added white flowers give colors definition petal blue lupin edged white field lupins imagine mixed splashes california poppies burning color orange gold pure gold liquid raise cream golden cream color poppies season yellow mustard grew height
ranch hamiltons began grow george tall handsome boy gentle sweet kind courtliness boy polite call trouble father inherited neatness clothing body hair ill dressed george sinless boy grew sinless crime commission attributed crimes omission misdemeanors middle things known discovered pernicious anemia virtue lived lack energy george grew dumpy stolid imagination energy childhood hard worker tell told indefatigable conservative politics ideas found revolutionary avoided suspicion distaste liked live find fault live nearly maybe father distaste change variation growing boy father salinas valley thought timer fact foreigner irishman irish disliked america
felt seen moments sentence roads florida adam reduced personality minus caused stir put vibration nearly invisible guards feel afraid gave jobs cleaning camps handing slops prisoners filling water buckets adam waited days release noon filled water buckets river filled buckets stones sank eased water swam downstream rested swam farther moving water dusk found place bank bushes cover water late night heard hounds covering sides river rubbed hair hard green leaves cover human odor sat water nose eyes clear morning hounds disinterested tired beat banks properly adam dug piece water logged fried sowbelly pocket ate schooled hurry caught bolting took adam days cross short distance georgia took chances held impatience iron control astonished ability
days later charles buy calf feed adam drove buggy kitchen steps helped cathy tucked blanket knees put shoulders drove county seat married justice peace charles home returned looked sourly kitchen thought took put train married adam simply cathy smiled charles married cathy quickly bedroom closed door charles began rave damn tell whore charles tell bit whore wouldn trust bit piece bitch slut charles stop stop tell filthy mouth shut wife wife alley cat adam slowly think re jealous charles think wanted marry goddam fool jealous won live house adam evenly won going buy want farm wanted stay rot charles voice lowered won rid adam throw tear pieces destroy adam destroy charles eyes bleak don mouth snapped shut adam ask cathy wanted dinner
martin hopps lived corner wide short red haired mouth wide red eyes shyest boy salinas say morning itch consciousness belonged troop armory basketball court germans known olive anger didn stupid killed martin hopps lost war mother mad took liked martin hopps hurt killed olive declared war german empire cast weapon knitting helmets socks deadly put red cross uniform met ladies similarly dressed armory bandages rolled reputations unrolled driving heart kaiser olive wanted blood martin hopps found weapon liberty bonds sold occasional angel cake altar guild basement episcopal church began sell bonds bale brought ferocity think afraid buy buy olive gave sense actual combat putting bayonet stomach germany sales skyrocketed stayed treasury department began notice amazon
liza hamilton apple cheeks flaming red moved caged leopard front stove samuel kitchen morning oakwood fire roared past open damper heat oven bread lay white rising pans liza dawn sinful lie abed light abroad dark virtue person impunity crime lie crisp ironed sheets dawn sunup reaches midmorning youngest born joe tom joe lived ranch tom big red cultivating fine flowing mustache sat kitchen table sleeves rolled mannered liza poured thick batter pitcher soapstone griddle hot cakes rose hassocks small volcanos formed erupted ready turned cheerful brown tracings darker brown kitchen full sweet smell samuel yard washing face beard gleamed water turned sleeves blue shirt entered kitchen rolled sleeves table acceptable mrs hamilton ignorance flouting niceties late mother samuel look spatula moved striking snake hot cakes settled white sides hissing soapstone
dr wilde honest accustomed say profession sure sulphur cure itch casual practice country doctors combination doctor priest psychiatrist town knew secrets weaknesses braveries salinas learned death easily death patient gave sense failure hopeless ignorance bold surgery fearful resort drugstore coming help doctors dr wilde maintain dispensary compound prescriptions overwork interrupted sleep vague preoccupied thirty wednesday morning kate walked main street climbed stairs monterey county bank building walked corridor found door dr wilde office hours thirty dr wilde put buggy livery stable wearily lifted black bag alisal presiding disintegration lady german able terminate neatly codicils dr wilde wondered touch dry stringy completely ninety death certificate meant corrected priest prepared mystery death
sat looking twin boys strange bright colored clothes samuel thought opponent help friend lifted eyes adam hard start put letter gathers difficulties minutes give hand adam looked moment boys ground crashing head sounds hear water dig maybe tell started adam tossed drink poured rolled glass angle hand amber whisky moved high side pungent fruit odor warming filled air hard remember agony dullness needles cards deck thinking maybe cards trying says want speak means think maybe mixed dullness remember picture drawn fire shoot didn adam lips grew thin eyes black samuel need answer reason adam replied yes mean kill thought don think meant kill didn allow dignity
boys ate quickly quietly wolfed food aron excuse father adam nodded boys quickly samuel looked older eleven remember eleven brood howlers screamers runners circles grown adam asked lee think woman house put babies don think care babies advantage boys babies gain don bad samuel wiped remains gravy plate slice bread adam wonder lee philosopher cook cook think taught deal learned adam adam afraid didn listen maybe didn talk didn want boys learn chinese adam adam thought moment honesty guess plain jealousy gave maybe didn want able easily direction couldn follow reasonable human samuel knowing jump wonder lee brought gray enameled coffeepot table filled cups sat warmed palm hand rounded side cup
letter brother ten mailed adam impatient answer forgot elapsed letter san francisco asking aloud lee hearing wonder answer maybe mad writing didn write didn write maybe moved lee answered days give wonder adam asked wondered wanted charles letter adam afraid charles accept restless child fingers stray loose article interfered twins asked innumerable questions school learn today learned read yes sir read grasshopper ant interesting eagle carries baby yes remember forget happens saw pictures boys disgusted adam moments fatherly bungling cal borrowed pocketknife hoping forget ask sap beginning run freely willows bark slip easily twig adam knife teach boys willow whistles thing lee taught worse adam forgotten cut couldn peep whistles noon hamilton roaring bumping road ford
dessie beloved family mollie pretty kitten olive strong headed una clouds head loved dessie warm beloved twinkle laughter infectious chickenpox gaiety colored spread carried put mrs clarence morrison church street salinas children husband ran dry goods store mornings breakfast agnes morrison say going dessie hamilton fitting dinner children glad kick copper toes table legs cautioned morrison rub palms store hoping drummer drummer likely order maybe children morrison forget promise tail mrs morrison house bakery clock stay eyes wet tears nose red streaming walking home dab nose wipe eyes laugh maybe dessie put black pins cushion look baptist minister pincushion deliver short dry sermon maybe recounted meeting taylor bought houses moved big vacant lot owned looked dry land sargasso sea
west end room grade ground floor seventh eighth floor room usual desks battered oak platform square teacher desk seth thomas clock picture pictures identified rooms pre influence overwhelming galahad standing full armor pointed graders atalanta race urged fourth pot basil confused grade denunciation cataline eighth graders high school sense high civic virtue cal aron assigned seventh grade age learned shadow picture laocoon completely wrapped snakes boys stunned size grandeur west end background room country school opulence teacher grade deep impression wasteful true humans stunned admiring remember clearly school teacher dark pretty judicious raising withholding hands twins worries cal worked quickly explained aron kids answer hold hands don crawl desk re going notice teacher don call hand lets drive sure don aron
november night fallen cal opened front door crack saw lee shoulders head outlined white wall french laundry street lee sitting steps looked lumpy heavy coat cal closed door quietly living room champagne makes thirsty father didn look cal slipped kitchen door moved lee waning kitchen garden climbed high fence found twelve plank served bridge slough dark water lang bakery tinsmith shop castroville street walked stone street catholic church turned left past carriaga house wilson house zabala house turned left central avenue steinbeck house blocks central turned left past west end school poplar trees front schoolyard nearly bare evening wind yellowed leaves twisted cal mind numb air cold frost slipping mountains blocks ahead saw brother cross streetlight coming knew brother stride posture knew cal slowed steps aron close hi looking aron sorry afternoon couldn help forget turned walked side side want cal want show surprise interesting interested
room cal sat desk elbows palms holding aching head hands pushing sides head stomach churned sour sweet smell whisky living pores clothing beating sluggishly head cal drunk needed going kate relief pain revenge triumph memory swirling clouds broken pieces sound sight feeling true imagined separate coming kate touched sobbing brother aron cut fist whip aron stood dark suddenly turned ran screaming brokenhearted child cal hear hoarse cries running footsteps cal lain fallen tall privet kate front yard heard engines puffing snorting roundhouse crash freight cars assembled closed eyes hearing light steps feeling presence looked bending thought kate figure moved quietly cal stood brushed walked main street surprised casual feeling sang softly breath rose grows land tis wonderful friday cal brooded evening joe laguna bought quart whisky cal young purchase
heavy steps nurse sounded living room billowed door looked abra elbows table holding cheeks palms nurse pitcher thirsty pitcher water handy explained breathe mouths awake lee asked pitcher yes awake rested washed face combed hair patient tried smile lee stood cal want abra nurse filled pitcher sink scurried ahead trooped bedroom adam propped high pillows white hands lay palms side sinews knuckle wrist tight drawn face waxen sharp features sharpened breathed slowly pale lips blue eyes reflected night light focused head lee cal abra stood foot bed adam eyes moved slowly face lips moved greeting nurse look nice darling sugar pie hush lee won tiring patient room lee report doctor lee whirled room close door write report habit taking orders chinks cal close door
slowly passes encompassed frost snow step enterprise hired vessel occupied collecting sailors engaged depend certainly possessed dauntless courage want able satisfy absence object feel severe evil friend margaret glowing enthusiasm success participate joy assailed disappointment endeavour sustain dejections commit thoughts paper true poor medium communication feeling desire company sympathize eyes reply mine deem romantic dear sister bitterly feel want friend gentle courageous possessed cultivated capacious mind tastes approve amend plans friend repair faults poor brother ardent execution impatient difficulties greater evil educated fourteen ran wild common read uncle thomas books voyages age acquainted celebrated poets country ceased power derive important benefits conviction perceived necessity acquainted languages native country
affection guest increases excites admiration pity astonishing degree noble creature destroyed misery feeling poignant grief gentle wise mind cultivated speaks words culled choicest art flow rapidity unparalleled eloquence recovered illness continually deck apparently watching sledge preceded unhappy utterly occupied misery interests deeply projects frequently conversed mine communicated disguise entered attentively arguments favour eventual success minute detail measures secure easily led sympathy evinced language heart give utterance burning ardour soul say fervour warmed gladly sacrifice fortune existence hope furtherance enterprise death small price pay acquirement knowledge sought dominion acquire transmit elemental foes race spoke dark gloom spread listener countenance perceived tried suppress emotion hands eyes voice quivered failed beheld tears trickle fast fingers groan burst heaving breast
daughter attended greatest tenderness saw despair fund rapidly decreasing prospect support caroline beaufort possessed mind uncommon mould courage rose support adversity procured plain plaited straw means contrived earn pittance scarcely sufficient support months passed manner father grew worse entirely occupied attending means subsistence decreased tenth month father died arms leaving orphan beggar blow overcame knelt beaufort coffin weeping bitterly father entered chamber protecting spirit poor girl committed care interment friend conducted geneva protection relation event caroline wife considerable difference ages parents circumstance unite closer bonds devoted affection sense justice father upright mind rendered approve highly love strongly suffered late discovered unworthiness beloved disposed set greater tried worth show gratitude worship attachment mother differing wholly doting fondness age inspired reverence virtues desire means degree recompensing sorrows endured gave inexpressible grace behaviour
dreary night november beheld accomplishment toils anxiety amounted agony collected instruments infuse spark lifeless thing lay feet morning rain pattered dismally panes candle nearly burnt glimmer half extinguished light saw dull yellow eye creature open breathed hard convulsive motion agitated limbs describe emotions catastrophe delineate wretch infinite pains care endeavoured form limbs proportion selected features beautiful beautiful god yellow skin scarcely covered muscles arteries beneath hair lustrous black flowing teeth pearly whiteness luxuriances formed horrid contrast watery eyes colour dun white sockets set shrivelled complexion straight black lips accidents changeable feelings human nature worked hard nearly sole purpose infusing inanimate body deprived rest health desired ardour exceeded moderation finished beauty dream vanished breathless horror disgust filled heart unable endure aspect created rushed room continued traversing bed chamber unable compose mind sleep
dearest aunt died occupied grief notice poor justine attended illness anxious affection poor justine ill trials reserved brothers sister died mother exception neglected daughter left childless conscience woman troubled began think deaths favourites judgment heaven chastise partiality roman catholic believe confessor confirmed idea conceived months departure ingolstadt justine called home repentant mother poor girl wept quitted house altered death aunt grief softness winning mildness manners remarkable vivacity residence mother house nature restore gaiety poor woman vacillating repentance begged justine forgive unkindness oftener accused caused deaths brothers sister perpetual fretting length threw madame moritz decline increased irritability peace forever died approach cold weather beginning winter justine returned assure love tenderly clever gentle extremely pretty mentioned mien expressions continually remind dear aunt say words dear cousin darling william
remained motionless thunder ceased rain continued scene enveloped impenetrable darkness revolved mind events sought forget train progress creation appearance hands alive bedside departure nearly elapsed night received crime alas turned loose depraved wretch delight carnage misery murdered brother conceive anguish suffered remainder night spent cold wet open air feel inconvenience weather imagination busy scenes evil despair considered cast mankind endowed power effect purposes horror deed nearly light vampire spirit let loose grave forced destroy dear dawned directed steps town gates open hastened father house thought discover knew murderer instant pursuit paused reflected story tell formed endued met midnight precipices inaccessible mountain
considerable difficulty remember original era events period confused indistinct strange mutiplicity sensations seized saw felt heard smelt learned distinguish operations senses degrees remember stronger light pressed nerves obliged shut eyes darkness troubled felt opening eyes suppose light poured walked believe descended presently found alteration sensations dark opaque bodies surrounded impervious touch sight found wander liberty obstacles surmount avoid light oppressive heat wearying walked sought place receive shade forest ingolstadt lay side brook resting fatigue felt tormented hunger thirst roused nearly dormant ate berries found hanging trees lying ground slaked thirst brook lying overcome sleep dark awoke felt cold half frightened instinctively finding desolate quitted apartment sensation cold covered clothes insufficient secure dews night
considerable period elapsed discovered uneasiness amiable family poverty suffered evil distressing degree nourishment consisted entirely vegetables garden milk cow gave winter masters scarcely procure food support believe suffered pangs hunger poignantly especially younger cottagers times food reserved trait kindness moved sensibly accustomed night steal part store consumption found inflicted pain cottagers abstained satisfied berries nuts roots gathered neighbouring wood discovered means enabled assist labours found youth spent part collecting wood family fire night took tools quickly discovered brought home firing sufficient consumption days remember young woman opened door morning appeared greatly astonished seeing pile wood uttered words loud voice youth joined expressed surprise observed pleasure forest spent repairing cottage cultivating garden degrees discovery greater moment
conversation cottagers opened wonders listened instructions felix bestowed arabian strange system human society explained heard division property immense wealth squalid poverty rank descent noble blood words induced turn learned possessions esteemed fellow creatures high unsullied descent united riches respected advantages considered rare instances vagabond slave doomed waste powers profits chosen creation creator absolutely ignorant knew possessed money friends kind property endued figure hideously deformed loathsome nature agile subsist coarser diet bore extremes heat cold injury frame stature exceeded looked saw heard monster blot earth fled disowned describe agony reflections inflicted tried dispel sorrow increased knowledge forever remained native wood known felt sensations hunger thirst heat strange nature knowledge clings mind seized lichen rock
words strange effect compassionated felt wish console looked saw filthy mass moved talked heart sickened feelings altered horror hatred tried stifle sensations thought sympathize withhold small portion happiness power bestow swear harmless shown degree malice reasonably distrust feint increase triumph affording wider scope revenge trifled demand answer ties affections hatred vice portion love destroy crimes thing existence ignorant vices children forced solitude abhor virtues necesssarily arise live communion equal feel affections sensitive linked chain existence events excluded paused reflect related arguments employed thought promise virtues displayed opening existence subsequent blight kindly feeling loathing scorn protectors manifested
passing months london received letter person scotland visitor geneva mentioned beauties native country asked sufficient allurements induce prolong journey north perth resided clerval eagerly desired accept invitation abhorred society wished view mountains streams wondrous works nature adorns chosen dwelling places arrived england beginning october february determined commence journey north expiration month expedition intend follow road edinburgh visit windsor oxford matlock cumberland lakes resolving arrive completion tour end july packed chemical instruments materials collected resolving finish labours obscure nook northern highlands scotland quitted london march remained days windsor rambling beautiful forest scene mountaineers majestic oaks quantity game herds stately deer novelties proceeded oxford entered city minds filled rememberance events transacted century half charles collected forces city remained faithful nation forsaken join standard parliament liberty
sat evening laboratory sun set moon rising sea sufficient light employment remained idle pause consideration leave labour night hasten conclusion unremitting attention sat train reflection occurred led consider effects engaged manner created fiend unparalleled bararity desolated heart filled forever bitterest remorse form dispositions alike ignorant ten thousand times malignant mate delight sake murder wretchedness sworn quit neighbourhood hide deserts probability thinking reasoning animal refuse comply compact creation hate creature lived loathed deformity conceive greater abhorrence eyes female form turn disgust superior beauty quit exasperated fresh provocation deserted species leave europe inhabit deserts results sympathies demon thirsted children race devils propagated earth existence species condition precarious full terror
past returning england lost hopes utility glory lost friend endeavour detail bitter circumstances dear sister wafted england despond september ice began move roarings thunder heard distance islands split cracked direction imminent peril remain passive chief attention occupied unfortunate guest illness increased degree entirely confined bed ice cracked driven force north breeze sprang west passage south perfectly free sailors saw return native country apparently assured shout tumultuous joy broke loud continued frankenstein dozing awoke asked tumult shout soon return england return alas yes withstand demands lead unwillingly danger return give purpose mine assigned heaven dare weak surely spirits assist vengeance endow sufficient strength saying endeavoured spring bed exertion fell fainted restored thought entirely extinct
voice suffocated impulses suggested duty obeying dying request friend destroying enemy suspended mixture curiosity compassion approached tremendous dared raise eyes face scaring unearthly ugliness attempted speak words died lips monster continued utter wild incoherent reproaches length gathered resolution address pause tempest passion repentance superfluous listened voice conscience heeded stings remorse urged diabolical vengeance extremity frankenstein lived dream demon think dead agony remorse continued pointing corpse suffered consummation deed ten thousandth portion anguish mine lingering detail execution frightful selfishness hurried heart poisoned remorse think groans clerval music ears heart fashioned susceptible love sympathy wrenched misery vice hatred endure violence change torture imagine murder clerval returned switzerland heart broken overcome pitied frankenstein pity amounted horror abhorred
call frankenstein friend knowledge crimes misfortunes detail gave sum hours months misery endured wasting impotent passions destroyed hopes satisfy desires forever ardent craving desired love fellowship spurned injustice thought criminal humankind sinned hate felix drove friend door contumely execrate rustic sought destroy saviour child nay virtuous immaculate beings miserable abandoned abortion spurned kicked trampled blood boils recollection injustice true wretch murdered lovely helpless strangled innocent slept grasped death throat injured living thing devoted creator select specimen worthy love admiration misery pursued irremediable ruin lies white cold death hate abhorrence equal regard look hands executed deed think heart imagination conceived moment hands meet eyes imagination haunt thoughts
agriculture full workers government farms permitted grow food raise animals small private plots spare sell free markets plots account percent agricultural land country provide nearly total farm output soviet union likely products government farms clandestinely marketed private plots labor market individuals seldom ordered specific jobs actual direction labor sense wages offered jobs individuals apply capitalist countries hired subsequently fired leave jobs prefer numerous restrictions affect course laws prohibit setting employer numerous clandestine workshops serve extensive black market allocation workers large scale primarily compulsion feasible apparently complete suppression private entrepreneurial activity attractiveness jobs soviet union depends opportunities offer extralegal illegal moonlighting resident moscow household equipment fails wait months repaired calls repair office hire moonlighter likely works repair office householder equipment repaired promptly moonlighter extra income happy voluntary market elements flourish despite inconsistency official marxist ideology cost eliminating high private plots forbidden famines stark reminder cost
adam smith duty raises troublesome issues regarded narrow application justify extremely wide range government activities view describes valid duty government directed preserving strengthening free society interpreted justify unlimited extensions government power valid element arises cost producing goods services strictly voluntary exchanges simple suggested directly smith description duty city streets general access highways provided private voluntary exchange costs paid charging tolls costs collecting tolls large compared cost building maintaining streets highways public interest individual erect maintain worthwhile society subtle involves effects parties parties exchange classic smoke nuisance case furnace pours sooty smoke dirties party shirt collar unintentionally imposed costs party willing let dirty collar price simply feasible identify affect discover dirtied collars require indemnify individually reach individual agreements effect actions parties confer benefits impose costs landscape house beautifully passersby enjoy sight
discussing tariffs restrictions international trade wealth nations adam smith wrote prudence conduct private family scarce folly kingdom foreign country supply commodity cheaper buy part produce industry employed advantage country interest body buy want sell cheapest proposition manifest ridiculous pains prove called question interested sophistry merchants manufacturers confounded common sense mankind interest respect directly opposite body words true today domestic foreign trade interest body buy cheapest source sell dearest interested sophistry led bewildering proliferation restrictions buy sell buy sell terms employ live eat drink adam smith pointed interested sophistry merchants manufacturers chief culprits today company engaged interested sophistry area
restriction payments cut short bank failures ended runs imposed inconvenience business led shortage coin currency private circulation wooden nickels temporary substitutes legal money height shortage currency took deposits buy currency panic restriction directly effects confidence possibility conducting business efficiently indirectly forcing decline quantity money turned recession severe united states experienced severe phase recession short lived banks resumed payments early months later economic recovery began recession lasted thirteen months severe phase half dramatic episode largely responsible enactment federal reserve act action monetary banking area politically essential theodore roosevelt republican administration national monetary commission established headed prominent republican senator nelson aldrich woodrow wilson democratic administration prominent democratic congressman later senator carter glass rewrote unpackaged commission recommendations resulting federal reserve system served key monetary authority country terms run panic restriction payments mean reaching effects attributed authors federal reserve act propose prevent similiar episodes run bank attempt depositors withdraw deposits cash
closing bank united states tragic owners depositors owners tried convicted served prison sentences agreed technical infractions law depositors part funds finally recovered tied country effects reaching depositors country frightened safety deposits added sporadic runs started earlier banks failed droves banks month december federal reserve system established similar series runs started doubt measures restriction payments drastic actually occurred final months preventing draining reserves banks restriction certainly prevented subsequent series bank failures restriction quickly ended bank failures bank united states able reopen knickerbocker trust company panic confidence restored economic recovery likely begun early early existence reserve system prevented drastic therapeutic measure directly reducing concern stronger banks mistakenly turned confident borrowing system offered reliable escape mechanism case difficulty indirectly lulling community banking system belief drastic measures longer system care matters
social security enacted promoted misleading labeling deceptive advertising private enterprise engaged labeling advertising doubtless severely castigated federal trade commission consider paragraph appeared millions copies unsigned hew booklet entitled social security basic idea social security simple working employees employers employed pay social security contributions pooled special trust funds earnings stop reduced worker retires disabled dies monthly cash benefits paid replace part earnings family lost orwellian doublethink payroll taxes labeled contributions party put book nineteen eighty compulsory voluntary trust funds conjured played important role fact extremely small billion oasi june half outlays current rate consist promises branch government pay branch present age pensions promised persons covered social security retired trillions dollars size trust fund required justify words booklet orwellian terms impression worker benefits financed contributions fact taxes collected persons pay benefits persons retired dependents survivors
fair marlene dietrich born beautiful legs want look muhammad ali born skill fighter side millions enjoyed looking marlene dietrich legs watching muhammad ali fights benefited nature unfairness producing marlene dietrich muhammad ali kind duplicate certainly fair muhammad ali able earn millions dollars night wouldn unfair enjoyed watching pursuit abstract ideal equality muhammad ali permitted earn night fight lowest totem pole unskilled docks result deny opportunity watch muhammad ali doubt willing undergo arduous regimen training preceded fights subject kind fights limited pay unskilled dockworker facet complex issue fairness illustrated considering game chance evening baccarat choose play start evening equal piles chips play progresses piles unequal end evening big winners big losers ideal equality winners required repay losers
law interferes pursuit values try find evade law break law leave country believe moral code justifies forcing give produce finance payments persons purposes approve law contradicts regard moral proper break law law enacted noble ideal equality naked interest group expense fear punishment sense justice morality lead obey law start break set laws lack respect law inevitably spreads laws regards moral proper laws violence theft vandalism hard believe growth crude criminality britain recent decades consequence drive equality addition drive equality driven britain ablest trained vigorous citizens benefit united states countries greater opportunity talents benefit finally doubt effect drive equality efficiency productivity surely main reasons economic growth britain fallen continental neighbors united states japan nations past decades
educational opportunities open mass black children continued deteriorate increasing number black educators columnists community leaders started support vouchers congress racial equality support vouchers major plank agenda economic class issue question divided students vouchers likely effect social economic class structure argued public school melting pot rich poor native foreign born black white learned live image largely true small communities entirely false large cities public school fostered residential stratification tying kind cost schooling residential location accident country outstanding public schools high income enclaves children attend neighborhood elementary school voucher plan plan end forced busing voucher plan tend residential areas heterogeneous local schools serving community homogeneous secondary schools surely stratified schools defined common interests stressing say arts sciences foreign languages attract students wide variety residential areas doubt selection leave large class element composition student bodies element today feature voucher plan aroused concern possibility parents add vouchers
air travel repeated railroad trucking story civil aeronautics board established assumed control nineteen domestic trunk line carriers today fewer despite enormous growth air travel despite numerous applications certificates public convenience necessity airline story differ important respect variety reasons successful price cutting atlantic freddie laker enterprising british owner major international airline personality ability alfred kahn chairman cab recently considerable deregulation air fares administratively legislatively major move area government control greater freedom dramatic success lower fares higher earnings airlines encouraged movement measure deregulation surface transportation powerful forces trucking industry organizing opposition deregulation faint hope ironic echo haul short haul issue recently arose air industry case discrepancy opposite rails short haul fare lower case occurred california large support major airlines fly solely result subject cab control competition route san francisco los produced intrastate fare lower fare cab permitted interstate lines charge trip irony complaint filed cab discrepancy ralph nader proclaimed defender consumer
claim president carter government institute massive program produce synthetic fuels nation run energy myth government program solution government blocking turn effective free market solution pay opec nations barrel oil term contracts spot market market delivery government forces domestic producers sell oil barrel government taxes domestic production oil subsidize oil imported abroad pay imported liquefied natural gas algeria government permits domestic producers natural gas charge government imposes stringent environmental requirements users producers energy regard economic costs involved complicated rules red tape add greatly required build power plants nuclear oil coal bring production abundant supply coal multiply cost counterproductive government policies stifled domestic production energy dependent foreign oil despite president carter put danger depending thin line oil tankers stretching halfway mid president carter proposed massive government program stretching decade costing billion produce synthetic fuel sense commit taxpayers spending directly indirectly barrel oil shale prohibiting owners domestic wells receiving categories oil
hippocrates died age legend cos full cos full medical students disciples competition patients fierce surprisingly concerted movement apparently developed modern terminology rationalize discipline order eliminate unfair competition twenty hippocrates died legend medical constructed code conduct named hippocratic oath teacher master island cos increasingly rest newly trained physician start practice required subscribe oath custom continues today part graduation ceremony medical schools united states professional codes business trade agreements labor union contracts hippocratic oath full fine ideals protecting patient power help sick ability judgment house help sick intention harm injury sleepers consider hand precepts lectures learning sons teachers pupils duly apprenticed sworn today call prelude closed shop listen referring patients suffering agonizing disease kidney bladder stones
situation extreme administration government programs vast federal bureaucracy spread government departments independent agencies literally control elected representatives public elected presidents senators representatives civil service remains higher level bureaucrats past masters art red tape delay defeat proposals favor issuing rules regulations interpretations laws fact subtly crudely alter thrust dragging feet administering parts laws disapprove pressing favor recently federal courts faced increasingly complex reaching legislation departed traditional role impersonal interpreters law active participants legislation administration part government mediating branches bureaucrats usurped power deliberately engaged kind conspiracy subvert democratic process power thrust simply impossible conduct complex government activities delegating responsibility leads conflicts bureaucrats delegated functions recently bureaucrats instructed preserve improve environment bureaucrats foster conservation production energy solution give power set bureaucrats resolve conflict cut red tape real problem red tape conflict desirable objectives
national level important developments drive legislatures mandate congress call national convention propose amendment balance budget sparked primarily national taxpayers union members nationwide mid amendment limit spending federal level drafted sponsorship ntlc drafting committee served included lawyers economists political scientists legislators businessmen representatives organizations amendment drafted introduced houses congress ntlc undertaking national campaign support copy proposed amendment contained appendix basic idea federal amendments correct defect present structure democratically elected representatives vote larger expenditures majority voters deem desirable seen outcome results political bias favor special interests government budgets determined adding expenditures authorized host separate programs small number special interest specific program spend money hard passed large number assessed dollars pay program find worthwhile spend money oppose manage find majority rule special kind majority consists coalition special interest minorities
general consent personal income tax sadly need reform professes adjust tax ability pay tax rich heavily poor heavily allow individual special circumstances thing tax rates highly graduated paper rising percent law riddled loopholes special privileges high rates pure window dressing low flat rate percent income personal exemptions deductions strict occupational expenses yield revenue present unwieldy structure taxpayers spared costs sheltering income taxes economy tax considerations pay smaller role allocation resources losers lawyers accountants civil servants legislators turn productive activities filling tax forms devising tax loopholes trying close corporate income tax highly defective hidden tax public pays prices pays goods services realizing constitutes double taxation corporate income corporation stockholder income distributed penalizes capital investment hinders growth productivity abolished agreement left lower rates fewer loopholes reduction double taxation corporate income desirable reform enacted legislative process left fear accepted lower rates graduation return eliminating loopholes loopholes soon emerge
turned northward landward prospect harmonious picturesque congeries dozen houses small boatyard arklike stocks sat thorax lugger huddled cobb runs land half mile east lay sloping meadows thatched slated roofs lyme town heyday middle ages declining west somber gray cliffs known locally ware cleeves rose steeply shingled beach monmouth entered idiocy stepped massively inland climbed cliffs masked dense woods aspect cobb bulwark wild eroding coast west put proof house lay visibly misery beach huts lies today direction local spy deduced strangers taste denied enjoyment cobb mere harsh wind hand focusing telescope closely suspected mutual solitude interested maritime architecture certainly remarked superior taste regards outward appearance young lady dressed height fashion wind blowing beginning revolt crinoline large bonnet
ernestina exactly face age small oval delicate violet drawings illustrators john leech gray eyes paleness skin enhanced delicacy rest meetings cast eyes prettily faint gentleman dare address minute tilt corner eyelids tilt corner lips extend comparison faint fragrance february violets denied subtly unmistakably apparent total obeisance god orthodox victorian mistrusted imperceptible hint becky sharp charles proved irresistible nearly prim moppets georginas victorias albertinas matildas rest sat closely guarded dozens ball charles departed aunt tranter house broad street stroll hundred paces hotel gravely declared lovers fool mount stairs rooms interrogate looking face mirror ernestina excused room wanted catch glimpse betrothed lace curtains wanted room aunt house tolerate
choice easy course ernestina health required confessed fact lyme regis pre marital obligations delightfully easy support stonebarrow black ven ware cliffs names mean lyme situated center rare outcrops stone known blue lias mere landscape enthusiast stone attractive exceedingly gloomy gray color petrified mud texture deal forbidding picturesque treacherous strata brittle tendency slide consequence stretch twelve miles blue lias coast lost land sea course history england highly fossiliferous nature mobility mecca british paleontologist hundred commonest animal shores wielding geologist hammer charles visited famous shop lyme days fossil shop founded remarkable mary anning woman formal education genius discovering occasions unclassified specimens person bones ichthyosaurus platyodon meanest disgraces british paleontology scientists gratefully finds establish reputation native type bears specific anningii
story telling imagination characters create existed mind pretended characters minds innermost thoughts writing assumed vocabulary voice convention universally accepted story novelist stands god tries pretend live age alain roland barthes modern sense word writing transposed autobiography live houses brought fiction charles disguised game modern women sara exist understood trying pass concealed book essays chapter headings written horizontality existence illusions progress history form aetiology freedom forgotten aspects victorian age suppose novelist pull strings puppets behave lifelike manner produce request analysis motives intentions certainly intended chap thirteen unfolding sarah true mind tell matters find suddenly sharp spring night watching lawn beneath dim upper window marlborough house context book reality sara brushed tears leaned delivered chapter revelation
evening charles found seated mrs tranter ernestina assembly rooms lyme assembly rooms compared bath cheltenham pleasing spacious proportions windows facing sea pleasing alas excellent common meeting place sacrificed british god convenience ago pulled town council singleminded concern communal bladder fairly claim worst sited ugliest public lavatory british isles think poulteney contingent lyme objected merely frivolous architecture assembly rooms outraged place provoked whist gentlemen cigars mouths balls concerts short encouraged pleasure mrs poulteney kind knew building decent town allow congregate church assembly rooms torn lyme heart torn town succeeded putting charles ladies doomed building concert course lent secular concert programme unrelievedly religious shocked narrower minded lyme professed public respect lent equal orthodox muslim ramadan empty seats fern fringed dais end main room concerts held
wore gloves fingers touched examined tests thought touch cold fingers grateful excellent condition seek yes marine shells hesitated pointed features tests mouth ambulacra anus talked listened grave interest disapproval evaporated girl appearance strange mind questions asked showed deranged finally put tests carefully pocket kind looked return help path move wished smithson thank offer assistance refused leave grateful pause moved past parted wall ivy stick pass stood facing clearing wished face think leave turned ivy resist look staring shoulder body disapproved face turned shamelessness look suggested universal reproach held intensity appeal
charles thoughts eventual lyme variations agelessly popular male theme playing fire boy precisely theme mean tenor thoughts matched verbal tenor statement foolish folly visited run absurd risk escaped unscathed stone claw cobb sight felt exhilarated blamed deeply outset motives purest cured madness impure moment threatened infiltrate defenses mint sauce wholesome lamb blame course remove fire care moth infatuated candle highly intelligent fittest endowed total free sure safeguard risked dangerous waters mixing metaphors mind worked leaning free ashplant descended hill town sympathetic physical feelings girl henceforth rigorously suppress free solicitation private meeting adamantly discountenance free administration interest passed aunt tranter free permitted obliged continue ernestina dark free
monstrous monstrous believe lost senses lost sense proportion thing juncture dear tina cupid notorious contempt convenience cupid afraid hearts susceptible fault disapproves nonsense nonsense perfectly draper daughter dear child angry let angry behalf silence say conversation took place aunt tranter rear parlor charles stood window ernestina recently cried sat twisting lace handkerchief vindictive manner love winsyatt charles answered conjectured door opened moment aunt tranter appeared pleased smile welcome face soon half past saw charles driving winsyatt house charles smiled thinly business soon finished terrible disgraceful happened aunt tranter looked alarm tragic outraged face niece charles disinherited disinherited ernestina exaggerates simply uncle decided marry fortunate son heir fortunate ernestina slipped charles scalding glance
worse night september marie english governess miss allen woken sixteen charge told tears la full uniform forced window adjacent bedroom bolted door obscene threats struck breasts bitten hand forced raise night wounded upper thigh escaped morning lieutenant supposedly favored marie de received highly insulting letter apparently la duel fought la won severely wounded adversary refused concede falsity poison pen charge threatened la father told sign confession guilt matter buried night agonized indecision la foolishly agreed sign asked leave paris belief affair hushed signed letters continued morells house claimed marie pregnant parents soon murdered baron la arrested number circumstances accused favor large believe today brought trial let convicted begin common knowledge saumur marie piqued la obvious admiration handsome mother daughter extremely envious
gentleman won freeman stood say things frank dear charles principal consideration daughter happiness need tell prize represents financial terms asked permission solicit hand recommendations eyes assurance alliance mutual respect mutual worth assurance changed circumstances bolt blue stranger moral rectitude possibly impute ignoble motive concern emphatically mine sir silence knew malicious gossip surround marriage charles declared wind loss prospects proposal ernestina sneered lost title easily bought read letter pray excuse raised solid gold letter knife slit envelope open charles window stared trees hyde park chain carriages bayswater road saw girl shopgirl maid look waiting bench railings watched red soldier saluted turned face eagerness turn clear lovers soldier took hand pressed momentarily heart slipped hand arm began walk slowly oxford street
soon press carriages heading area victorian london mysteriously central ways dropped picture age area meeting places gaming rooms assembly cafes cigar public parts haymarket regent street nearly unrelieved brothel adjoining streets passed famous oyster shop haymarket lobsters oysters pickled kippered salmon celebrated royal albert potato run khan khan baked potato sellers london scarlet brass stand dominated proclaimed vista passed bishop son took lorgnette shagreen case crowded daughters folly whores carriages lesser sidewalk droves demure milky faced millinery girls brandy viragoes torrent color fashion unimaginable things allowed women dressed parisian bargees bowler trousers sailors senoritas sicilian peasant girls entire casts countless neighboring penny poured street duller customers numerically equal male sex stick hand weed mouth eyed evening talent charles wished drunk found delicious gay animated unfreemanish terpsichore suspect bestowed patronage audience ten minutes formed part
business sam return lyme tomorrow ten clock train tickets messages desk telegraph office afternoon choose ribbons fair mary haven disposed heart return sam waiting cue flicked glance master refilled gilt breakfast cup announcement extended cup small silver tray charles reaching fingers charles goin hask er charles didn ave hexcellent prospecks hemploy charles supped tea sam stop talking riddles merrid ave live sir charles sharp look instinctive objection showed thought matter turned sat fire sam heaven forbid impediment marriage surely re going forsake soon mine mistake hintention charles thinkin harterwards larger establishment sure wife happy mary trouble sam took deep breath thinkin goin business charles re settled charles ope leave hower need business business set eart aving shop charles charles cup speedily proffered salver don mean ready
remain celibate technically known hotels europe english gentlemen abroad misbehave opportunities frequent remained emotionally performed deformed act kind mute cynicism stared ancient greek temples ate meals mere hygiene love left cathedral art gallery moment dream sarah moments seen draw deep breath forbade luxury vain nostalgia increasingly unsure frontier real sarah sarah created dreams eve personified mystery love profundity half scheming half crazed governess obscure seaside town saw coming seeing folly delusion cancel insertion advertisements began think answered greatest enemy boredom boredom precise evening paris realized wanted paris travel italy spain europe finally drove home think mean england don home charles week left paris happened leghorn paris traveled company americans elderly gentleman nephew
bow disappeared abruptly appeared girl charles follow left close door began mount stairs glance crowded paintings drawings sufficiently knowledgeable modern art recognize school belonged celebrated notorious artist monogram seen furore caused twenty died seen fit burning commanded price gentleman pen collector art suspect art evidently wealth charles girl slender flight stairs paintings predominance suspect school anxious give attention embarked flight stairs ventured question mrs roughwood employed governess girl stopped midstair looked amused surprise eyes fell longer governess eyes moment moved landing sibylline guide turned door kindly wait entered room leaving door ajar charles glimpse open window lace curtain blowing lightly summer air shimmer intervening leaves river low murmur voices shifted position room saw gentlemen
looked hand face slowly answer cheeks suffused red smile drained eyes hand fell side remained staring clothes suddenly dropped left facing nakedness sexual nakedness clinical hidden cancer stood revealed loathsome reality sought eyes evidence real intentions found spirit prepared sacrifice ready surrender truth feeling womanly modesty order save integrity eventual sacrifice moment tempted fear clear knowledge false move accept offer platonic intimate consecrated friendship hurt sooner saw saw reality arrangement secret butt corrupt house starched soupirant pet donkey saw true superiority birth education intelligence sex ability give inability compromise give possess possess possession imperative constantly renewed satisfied conquest possess
amerigo bonasera sat york criminal court number waited justice vengeance cruelly hurt daughter tried dishonor judge formidably heavy featured rolled sleeves black robe physically chastise young standing bench face cold majestic contempt false amerigo bonasera sensed understand acted worst kind degenerates judge harshly yes yes thought amerigo bonasera animals animals young glossy hair crew cut scrubbed clean cut faces composed humble contrition bowed heads submission judge acted wild beasts jungle fortunate sexually molest poor girl put bars twenty judge paused eyes beneath impressively thick brows flickered slyly sallow faced amerigo bonasera lowered stack probation reports frowned shrugged convinced natural desire spoke youth clean records fine families law majesty seek vengeance sentence confinement penitentiary sentence suspended forty professional mourning overwhelming frustration hatred showing amerigo bonasera face beautiful young daughter hospital broken jaw wired animals free farce watched happy parents cluster darling sons happy smiling
johnny fontane enter garden connie corleone forgot bridal dignity screamed johneee ran arms hugged tight kissed mouth arm greet friends grown west side connie dragging husband johnny saw amusement blond young looked sour longer star turned charm shaking groom hand toasting glass wine familiar voice called bandstand giving song johnny looked saw nino valenti smiling johnny fontane jumped bandstand threw arms nino inseparable singing going girls johnny started famous sing radio hollywood movies johnny phoned nino couple times talk promised club singing date seeing nino cheerful mocking drunken grin affection returned nino began strumming mandolin johnny fontane put hand nino shoulder bride stamping foot chanting words obscene sicilian love song sang nino suggestive motions body bride blushed proudly throng guests roared approval song ended stamping feet roaring sly double meaning tag line finished stanza
age eleven playmate eleven sonny corleone hagen mother blind died eleventh hagen father heavy drinker hopeless drunkard hard working carpenter dishonest thing drinking destroyed family finally killed tom hagen left orphan wandered streets slept hallways younger sister put foster home social agencies follow cases twelve boys ungrateful run charity hagen eye infection neighbors whispered caught inherited mother caught shunned sonny corleone warmhearted imperious eleven brought friend home demanded tom hagen hot dish spaghetti oily rich tomato sauce taste forgotten metal folding bed sleep natural word spoken matter discussed fashion don corleone permitted boy stay household don corleone took boy special doctor eye infection cured college law school don acted father guardian show affection oddly don treated hagen courteously sons impose parental boy decision law school college
sonny impatiently ok tom re consigliori advice hell think hagen helped whiskey bottle desk negotiate sollozzo father shape charge deal father bed settle business fuss families sonny angrily think handle guy sollozzo tom hagen looked directly eye sonny sure outfight corleone family power clemenza tessio muster thousand comes war end shambles east coast families blame corleones lot enemies father believed michael watching sonny thought took sonny hagen dies advise consigliori hagen quietly won advise real deal sollozzo drugs father political contacts personal influence corleone family loses half strength father york families wind supporting tattaglias sollozzo sure destructive war father dies deal wait sonny white faced anger easy say father killed hagen quickly proudly son mike maybe
hospital small private entrance michael looked window street curved courtyard steps leading street street empty cars hospital entrance knew didn ran room flights wide doors ground floor entrance side saw ambulance yard car ambulances michael stood sidewalk hospital lit cigarette unbuttoned coat stood light lamppost features seen young walking swiftly ninth avenue package arm young wore combat jacket heavy shock black hair face familiar lamplight michael place young stopped front put hand saying heavy italian accent don michael remember enzo baker helper nazorine paniterra son law father saved getting government let stay america michael shook hand remembered enzo pay respects father let hospital late michael smiled shook head thanks anyway tell don car roaring street michael instantly alert enzo leave quickly trouble don want involved police
cop brave cop tough young punks terrorizing street corners fled approached finally vanished beat altogether tough cop fair took son storekeepers collect money presents ignoring garbage violations parking violations took money directly hand direct felt earned ducked movie house goofed restaurants foot patrol cops especially winter nights rounds gave stores lot protection lot service winos drunks filtered bowery panhandle beat rid roughly tradespeople precinct appreciated showed appreciation obeyed system bookies precinct knew trouble extra payoff content share station house bag list tried extras fair cop took clean graft rise police department steady spectacular raising large family sons policemen fordham university mark mccluskey rising sergeant lieutenant finally captain lacked mccluskey reputation hard bargainer
rear patio series huge rooms glass doors opened garden pool hundred milling drinks hands patio lighting artfully arranged flatter feminine faces skin women nino seen darkened movie screens teenager played part erotic dreams adolescence seeing flesh seeing horrible makeup hide tiredness spirit flesh eroded godhead posed moved charmingly remembered wax fruit lubricate glands nino took drinks wandered table stand nest bottles johnny moved drank magic deanna dunn nino millions voice imprinted brain forever deanna dunn won academy awards biggest movie grosser hollywood screen feline feminine charm irresistible words saying heard silver screen johhny bastard psychiatrist gave night stand seconds johnny kissed proffered cheek wore month want meet cousin nino nice strong italian boy maybe deanna dunn turned give nino cool look watch previews johnny laughed
things improve corleone family eat beautiful rug wife children starve vito took parcels food friend genco thought things finally approached clemenza tessio young tough neighborhood thought carried knew desperate proposed gang specialized hijacking trucks silk dresses trucks loaded factory street risk truck drivers workingmen sight gun flopped sidewalk angels hijackers drove truck unloaded friend warehouse merchandise sold italian wholesaler part loot sold door door italian neighborhoods arthur avenue bronx mulberry street chelsea district manhattan poor italian families looking bargain daughters able afford fine apparel clemenza tessio needed vito drive knew chauffeured abbandando grocery store delivery truck skilled automobile drivers premium judgment vito corleone accepted offer clinching argument clear thousand dollars share job young companions struck rash planning job haphazard distribution loot foolhardy approach careless taste thought sound character
incident reaching repercussions don corleone decided move family city parent wanted children schools mix companions personal reasons wanted anonymity suburban reputation known bought mall property beach newly built houses plenty room sonny formally engaged sandra soon marry houses houses don genco abbandando family vacant week mall occupied group workmen innocence truck claimed furnace inspectors town beach don young bodyguards let led furnace basement don wife sonny garden taking ease enjoying salty sea air don annoyance summoned house bodyguard workmen big burly fellows grouped furnace strewn cement basement floor leader authoritative don gruff voice furnace lousy shape want fix put cost hundred fifty dollars labor parts pass county inspection took red paper label stamp seal county bothers
death santino corleone shock waves underworld nation known don corleone risen sick bed charge family affairs spies funeral reported don fully recovered heads families frantic efforts prepare defense bloody retaliatory war sure follow mistake assuming don corleone held cheaply past misfortunes mistakes career learned hagen guessed don real intentions surprised emissaries families propose peace propose peace meeting families city invitations families united states attend york families powerful country understood welfare affected welfare country suspicions don corleone preparing trap trying throw enemies guard attempting prepare wholesale massacre avenge son don corleone soon clear sincere involve families country meeting move put war footing enlist allies took final irrevocable step established authenticity intentions assured safety grand council assembled called services bocchicchio family
don detroit friendly corleone spoke friend position interest reasonableness don believe drugs paid extra wouldn kind business didn matter didn help comes says powders put thousand dollar investment fifty thousand distributing resist profit busy side business neglect pay money drugs getting bigger stop control business respectable don want schools don want sold children infamita city try traffic dark colored customers troublesome animals anyway respect wives families let lose souls drugs let trouble speech detroit don received loud murmers approval hit nail head couldn pay stay drug traffic remarks children known sensibility tenderheartedness speaking sell drugs children children money remarks coloreds heard negroes considered absolutely account force whatsoever
sitting side pool jules blond head lap felt overwhelming tenderness loins ached realizing fingers sensuously stroked skin neck sleeping noticing excited feel suddenly raised head lap stood took hand led grass cement walk dutifully led cottages held private apartment inside fixed big drinks blazing sun sensuous thoughts drink head dizzy jules arms bodies naked scanty bathing suits pressed lucy murmuring don conviction voice jules paid attention quickly stripped bathing bra fondle heavy breasts kissed stripped bathing trunks kissing body rounded belly insides thighs stood struggling bathing shorts embracing naked arms lying bed feel entering slight touch reach climax afterward read motions body surprise
hagen left michael jokingly father taught tell say don moved sit big desk say love secret sound yes say trouble fashioned re modern generation don listen michael laughed agree tom don don nodded involved michael quietly think tell going purely vengeance apollonia sonny thing tessio tom barzinis don corleone nodded revenge dish tastes cold peace knew home alive surprised barzini try maybe arranged peace talk couldn stop sure don tommasino michael supposed look perfect suspected alive saw fabrizzio going gate running course checked found shepherd don asked found michael found ago pizza place buffalo
sunday shortly afterward neri took wife visit widowed sister brooklyn albert neri fierce protective affection sister common sicilians visited couple months sure older son twenty son thomas father hand giving trouble gotten minor scrapes running wild neri contacts police force youth charged larceny occasion anger check nephew warning tommy sister cry straighten intended friendly uncle warning threat tommy toughest kid tough brooklyn neighborhood afraid uncle al visit tommy late saturday night sleeping room mother wake telling dressed eat sunday dinner uncle aunt boy voice harshly partly opened door don give shit let sleep mother kitchen smiling apologetically eat dinner neri asked sister tommy giving real trouble shook head neri wife leave tommy finally barely grumbled hello kitchen finally yelled mother hey ma cooking eat
bloody victory corleone family complete delicate political maneuvering established michael corleone powerful family chief united states twelve months michael divided equally headquarters beach mall home las vegas end decided close york operation sell houses mall property purpose brought family east visit stay month wind business kay personal family packing shipping household goods million minor details corleone family unchallengeable clemenza family rocco lampone corleone caporegime nevada albert neri head security family controlled hotels hagen part michael western family helped heal wounds connie corleone reconciled brother michael week terrible accusations apologized michael assured kay truth words young widow hysteria connie corleone easily found husband fact wait respect filling bed fine young fellow corleone family male secretary boy reliable italian family graduated top business college america naturally marriage sister don future assured kay adams corleone delighted laws taking instruction catholic religion joining faith
gentle wind rain clouds driving northward wind softly clashed drying corn wind increased steady unbroken gusts dust roads fluffed spread fell weeds fields fell fields wind grew strong hard worked rain crust corn fields sky darkened mixing dust wind felt earth loosened dust carried wind grew stronger rain crust broke dust lifted fields drove gray plumes air sluggish smoke corn threshed wind dry rushing sound finest dust settle earth disappeared darkening sky wind grew stronger whisked stones carried straws leaves clods marking course sailed fields air sky darkened sun shone redly raw sting air night wind raced faster land dug cunningly rootlets corn corn fought wind weakened leaves roots freed prying wind stalk settled wearily sideways earth pointed direction wind dawn gray sky red sun appeared dim red circle gave light dusk advanced dusk slipped darkness wind cried whimpered fallen corn
preacher thrown subject goin someplace repeated goin someplace don goin tell ta jumpin talkin tongues glory shoutin till fell passed baptize bring em girls grass lay feel bad pray pray didn nex full sperit figgered wasn hope damned ol hypocrite didn mean joad smiled teeth parted licked lips hot meetin pushin em casy leaned forward excitedly cried seen started thinkin waved bony big hand patting gesture thinkin preachin grace gettin grace hard re jumpin shoutin say layin girl comes devil grace girl quicker wants grass thinkin hell devil girl full holy sperit spoutin nose ears think devil didn stand snowball chance hell
preacher staring fields comin look cotton joad looked casy finger pointed comin afoot im dust raises hell comin watched figure approaching evening light dust raised reddened setting sun joad drew closer walked past barn joad muley graves called hey muley ya approaching stopped startled call quickly lean short movements jerky quick carried gunny sack hand blue jeans pale knee seat wore black suit coat stained spotted sleeves torn loose shoulders ragged holes worn elbows black hat stained coat band torn half free flopped walked muley face smooth unwrinkled wore truculent look bad child mouth held tight small eyes half scowling half petulant remember muley joad softly preacher advancing called joad answer muley close close faces damned tommy joad tommy days ago joad took hitch hike home look find folks muley house smashed cotton planted dooryard god lucky muley
preacher sighed anyways somepin happening looked houses empty lan empty country empty stay folks goin maybe happy gonna preach tom asked gonna preach gonna baptize ma asked gonna baptize gonna green gonna folks gonna try teach em nothin gonna try learn gonna learn folks walks grass gonna hear em talk gonna hear em sing gonna listen kids eatin mush gonna hear husban wife mattress night gonna eat em learn eyes wet shining gonna lay grass open honest gonna cuss swear hear poetry folks talkin holy didn understan things things preacher sat humbly chopping block door wonder fella lonely tom coughed delicately fella don preach began talker casy gettin preachin preachin tellin folks stuff askin em preachin don tom preachin kinda tone voice preachin lookin things preachin bein folks wanna kill ya las christmus mc salvation army
al shifted broken seat changed grip steering wheel sighed makes racket think awright god knows climb hill load hills tween california ma ma turned head slowly eyes hills course dunno heard hills mountains big granma drew whining sigh sleep al burn climbin throw stuff maybe shouldn brang preacher glad preacher fore re ma preacher help looked ahead gleaming road al steered hand put vibrating gear shift lever difficulty speaking mouth formed words silently aloud ma looked slowly head swaying car motion ma scared goin scared goin place eyes grew thoughtful soft scared settin waitin somepin happens somepin thinkin gonna scared won nice thought quickly livin lives ahead thousan lives live comes
tom leaned window law gainst folks stoppin night seen truck eyes focused tom dunno stopped couldn git water pointed service station shack quarter mile ahead water let ya bucket tom hesitated ya pose camp longside lean looked puzzled don stopped goddamn ol trap wouldn tom insisted anyways re say wan neighbors appeal hospitality instant effect lean face broke smile sure road proud ya called sairy folks goin stay say ya sairy added tent flaps opened wizened woman face wrinkled dried leaf eyes flame face black eyes look horror small shuddering held upright tent flap hand holding canvas skeleton covered wrinkled skin spoke voice beautiful low timbre soft modulated ringing overtones tell em welcome tell em welcome tom drove road brought truck field lined touring car
al searched ground flashlight don nothin drive bring truck al tom started engine preacher car tom moved slowly keeping engine low speed al truck crossed shallow ditch crawling low gear tom dodges pull house low gear sure ratio thing wanta break bearin easy highway dodge moved slowly volt headlights threw short blob yellowish light pavement casy turned tom funny fellas fix car jus light fix couldn fix car seen grow re kid tom jus knowin kids tear car thout thinkin jackrabbit caught lights bounced ahead cruising easily ears flopping jump tried break road wall darkness thrust ahead bright headlights appeared bore rabbit hesitated faltered turned bolted lesser lights dodge small soft jolt wheels oncoming car swished sure squashed casy tom fellas hit em shakes car sounds rings broke loose smokin bad nice job casy
evening strange thing happened twenty families family children children loss home loss golden west dream sick child threw despair hearts twenty families hundred birth tent hundred quiet awestruck night filled hundred birth joy morning family night lost fearful search goods find present baby evening sitting fires twenty grew units camps units evenings nights guitar unwrapped blanket tuned songs sung nights sang words women hummed tunes night created complete furniture friends enemies established complete braggarts cowards quiet humble kindly night relationships established morning torn circus families timid building tumbling worlds gradually technique building worlds technique leaders emerged laws codes worlds moved westward complete furnished builders experienced building
pa ma girl wild wasn scairt nothin thought havin kids workin took guess christ jack handle tell wouldn wanna fella took dunno tom maybe jus tar al won doin weepin goddamn car soul tom damn job pickin trouble night bored hot darkness jackrabbits scuttled lights dashed jolting leaps dawn lights mojave ahead dawn showed high mountains west filled water oil mojave crawled mountains dawn tom jesus desert past pa al christ sakes desert past goddamned tired care al want drive wait awhile drove tehachapi morning glow sun suddenly saw valley al jammed brake stopped middle road jesus christ look vineyards orchards flat valley green beautiful trees set rows farm houses pa god almighty distant cities towns orchard land morning sun golden valley car honked
ma turning frying potatoes hot grease took decision cried le eat stuff quick set tin plates pa bout john uncle john tom asked pa ma silent moment pa drunk jesus tom picked don pa tom stood look eat stuff loaded look uncle john store crost road tom walked quickly cooking fires burned front tents shacks light fell faces ragged women crouched children tents light kerosene lamps shone canvas shadows hugely cloth tom walked dusty road crossed concrete highway grocery store stood front screen door looked proprietor gray unkempt mustache watery eyes leaned counter reading newspaper thin arms bare wore white apron heaped mounds pyramids walls canned goods looked tom eyes narrowed aimed shotgun evening run run uncle tom run gray looked puzzled worried touched tip nose tenderly waggled stop itch
walked past white washed barn field edge narrow ditch sections concrete pipe lying re workin wilkie father opened barn passed picks shovels tom beauty tom hefted pick jumping jesus don feel wait leven clock wilkie suggested feels walked end ditch tom took coat dropped dirt pile pushed cap stepped ditch spat hands pick arose air flashed tom grunted softly pick rose fell grunt moment sank ground loosened soil wilkie yes sir pa grade muck stick boy married digger tom put umph yes sir sure umph put umph kinda feel umph soil loosened ahead sun cleared fruit trees grape leaves golden green vines feet tom stepped wiped forehead wilkie shovel rose fell dirt flew pile lengthening ditch heard central committee tom re em yes sir timothy replied responsibility re doin camp doin wisht big farmers wouldn plague wisht wouldn
pay business business fella months later money let girls git hungry camp mrs joyce cowed yes ma git cheese girls jessie ordered care skitters yes ma mrs joyce scuttled door jessie turned anger committee stiff annie littlefield maybe don maybe took charity annie don try shut jessie pass speech turned half ma body took charity makes burn don charity took don forget bet jessie jessie annie las winter starvin pa fellas rainin fella tol salvation army eyes grew fierce hungry crawl dinner took dignity hate em maybe mis joyce took charity maybe didn charity mis joad don allow camp build theirself don allow give person give camp camp pass won charity voice fierce hoarse hate em
today re doin fine half today wisht kids gettin pickers ma worked em bag couldn tow growed bag dump bags outa couple shirts fine ma meat counter forefinger pressed lips blowing finger thinking deeply pork chops thirty cents pound ma lemme nice piece boilin beef girl cook tomorra bottle milk girl dotes milk gonna baby nurse lady tol eat lots milk le potatoes pa close carrying sirup hands hotcakes ma frowned yes plenty lard ruthie hands large boxes cracker jack eyes brooding question nod shake ma head tragedy joyous excitement ma held boxes jerked attractive put tragedy began form ruthie eyes pa re nickel apiece fellas worked today excitement began steal ruthie eyes awright ruthie turned fled halfway door caught winfield rushed door evening uncle john fingered pair canvas gloves yellow leather palms tried took laid moved gradually liquor shelves stood studying labels bottles
children climbing big cotton trailer digging toes chicken wire sides git owner cried tear wire loose children climbed slowly embarrassed silent gray dawn tare dew owner change sun comes want light moved quickly cotton field took rows tied bags waists slapped hands warm stiff fingers nimble dawn colored eastern hills wide line moved rows highway cars moved parked barnyard full parked road sides wind blew briskly field don found owner hell grapevine twenty won till noon hume line moved field strong steady west wind blew clothes fingers flew spilling bolls flew sacks growing heavy pa spoke row home rain wind mite frosty rain eyes spoke neighbor didn look nearly say gonna rain tell insult folks lived tell
road sharp swishing ma cried hurry big rain le fence shorter bear rosasharn half dragged girl ditch helped fence storm struck sheets rain fell plowed mud incline black barn nearly obscured rain hissed splashed growing wind drove rose sharon feet slipped dragged supporters pa carry pa leaned picked re wet anyways hurry winfiel ruthie run ahead panting rain soaked barn staggered open end door end rusty farm tools lay disk plow broken cultivator iron wheel rain hammered room curtained entrance pa gently set rose sharon oily box god awmighty ma maybe hay inside look door swung door rusty hinges hay cried dark inside light cracks boards lay rosasharn ma lay res try figger dry winfield ma rain roaring roof drowned voice ma want look corner ma looked figures gloom lay boy sitting eyes wide starring newcomer
facilities nature offered march combatants obvious neglected lengthened sheet champlain stretched frontiers canada deep borders neighboring province york forming natural passage half distance french compelled master order strike enemies southern termination received contributions lake waters limpid exclusively selected jesuit missionaries perform typical purification baptism obtain title lake du saint sacrement zealous english thought conferred sufficient honor unsullied fountains bestowed reigning prince house hanover united rob untutored possessors wooded scenery native perpetuate original appellation horican winding countless islands imbedded mountains holy lake extended dozen leagues south high plain interposed passage water commenced portage miles conducted adventurer banks hudson point usual obstructions rapids rifts termed language country river navigable tide pursuit daring plans annoyance restless enterprise french attempted distant difficult gorges allegheny easily imagined proverbial acuteness overlook natural advantages district
alice hesitated longer giving narraganset smart cut whip dash slight branches bushes follow runner dark tangled pathway young regarded speaker open admiration permitted fairer certainly beautiful companion proceed unattended sedulously opened passage called cora domestics previously instructed penetrating thicket route column measure heyward stated dictated sagacity guide order diminish marks trail haply canadian savages lurking advance army minutes intricacy route admitted dialogue emerged broad border underbrush grew line highway entered high dark arches forest progress interrupted instant guide perceived females command steeds moved pace trot walk rate surefooted peculiar animals rode fast easy amble youth turned speak dark eyed cora distant sounds horses hoofs clattering roots broken rear caused check charger companions drew reins instant party halt order obtain explanation interruption
suddenness flight guide wild cries pursuers caused heyward remain fixed moments inactive surprise recollecting importance securing fugitive dashed surrounding bushes pressed eagerly forward lend aid chase proceeded hundred yards met foresters returning unsuccessful pursuit soon disheartened exclaimed scoundrel concealed trees secured safe goes large set cloud chase wind returned disappointed scout heard imp brushing dry leaves black snake blinking glimpse ag yon big pine pulled scent reasoning aim touched trigger call quick sight accounted experience matters look sumach leaves red knows fruit yellow blossom month july tis blood le subtil hurt fall returned scout decided disapprobation opinion rubbed bark limb creature leaped longer rifle bullet acts running animal barks spurs horse quickens motion puts flesh taking
hurons seen addressing david means recovered effects stunning blow received let conceal cavern trust rest providence remember united comely maidens lifting voices praise thanksgiving returned bewildered singing master visited heavy judgment sins mocked likeness sleep sounds discord rent ears manifest fullness nature forgotten harmony poor fellow thine period truth accomplishment arouse lead sounds psalmody excluded melody fall cataract rushing waters sweet senses david pressing hand confusedly brow air filled shrieks cries departed spirits damned interrupted impatient heyward ceased raised trust god water peace create sounds love hear david smiled sadly momentary gleam pleasure allusion beloved vocation longer hesitated led spot promised unalloyed gratification wearied senses leaning arm companion entered narrow mouth cave
prepared magua signal proceed advancing front lead party person david gradually coming true sense condition effects wound apparent sisters rode rear heyward side indians flanked party brought close march caution tire manner proceeded uninterrupted silence heyward addressed solitary word comfort females david gave vent moanings spirit piteous exclamations intended express humility resignation direction lay south course nearly opposite road william henry notwithstanding apparent adherence magua original determination conquerors heyward believe tempting bait soon forgotten knew windings indian path suppose apparent course led directly object artifice mile mile passed boundless woods painful manner prospect termination journey heyward watched sun darted meridian rays branches trees pined moment policy magua change route favorable hopes fancied wary savage despairing passing army montcalm safety holding known border settlement distinguished officer crown favored friend nations held large possessions usual residence
moment dangerous weapon act descending subtle huron rolled swiftly beneath danger edge precipice falling feet seen leaping single bound center thicket low bushes clung sides delawares believed enemy dead uttered exclamation surprise speed clamor hounds open view deer shrill peculiar cry scout instantly changed purpose recalled summit hill twas cried inveterate forester prejudices contributed largely veil natural sense justice matters concerned mingoes lying deceitful varlet honest delaware fairly vanquished lain knocked head knavish maquas cling cats mountain let let tis rifle bow mile french commerades rattler lost fangs farther mischief leave prints moccasins reach sandy plain uncas added delaware father flaying scalps round feel vagabonds left loping woods screeching jay winged
coming scout path dunce omitted tell letter agreeable part matter customary attentions marquis montcalm warrant duncan lothian buy dozen marquisates news letter bad gentility french monsieur certainly compel let keeps letter releases messenger ay sake call bonhomie venture truth known fellow grandfather taught noble science dancing says scout eyes ears tongue verbal report sir wanting natural organs free tell seen heard amount fort majesty banks hudson called edward honor gracious highness york filled armed movement signs intention advance relief morning evening parades provincial loons duncan re half scotsman dropped powder porretch touched coals burnt suddenly changing bitter ironical manner grave thoughtful continued letter
magua slept hard english wigwams sticks left mark returned savage hollow laugh conceal fierce temper nearly choked recollecting sudden native dignity added teach young peace le subtil knows speak huron warrior deigning bestow words wait answer savage cast rifle hollow arm moved silently encampment woods tribe known lie yards proceeded challenged sentinels stalked sullenly onward utterly disregarding summons soldiers spared knew air tread obstinate daring indian montcalm lingered melancholy strand left companion brooding deeply temper ungovernable ally discovered fair fame tarnished horrid scene circumstances fearfully resembling found mused keenly deep responsibility assume disregard means attain end danger setting motion engine exceeds human power control shaking train reflections accounted weakness moment triumph retraced steps tent giving order passed signal arouse army slumbers
shocking field trail blood weary miles found hand devil plain seen revenge indian feeling cross veins say face heaven power lord manifest howling wilderness frenchers trust range ragged bullet rifle play part flint fire powder burn leave tomahawk knife natural gift say chingachgook added delaware hurons boast women deep snows gleam resentment flashed dark lineaments mohican chief loosened knife sheath turning calmly sight countenance settled repose deep knew instigation passion montcalm montcalm continued deeply resentful restrained scout say deeds flesh seen single look eyes cleared mortal infirmities woe betide wretch born behold plain judgment hanging soul ha white blood yonder lies redskin hair head nature rooted look delaware missing burial stout warrior
young started recoiled paces instinctively found hundred yards stranger indian recovering recollection instant sounding alarm prove fatal remained stationary attentive observer motions instant calm observation served assure duncan undiscovered native occupied considering low dwellings village stolen movements inhabitants impossible discover expression features grotesque mask paint concealed duncan fancied melancholy savage head shaved usual exception crown tuft faded feathers hawk wing loosely dangling ragged calico mantle half encircled body nether garment composed ordinary shirt sleeves perform office executed commodious arrangement legs bare sadly cut torn briers feet covered pair deerskin moccasins altogether appearance individual forlorn miserable duncan curiously observing person neighbor scout stole silently cautiously side reached settlement encampment whispered young savages embarrassing position movements hawk eye started dropped rifle directed finger companion stranger view lowering dangerous muzzle stretched forward neck assist scrutiny intensely keen
lingered sufficient light heavens exhibit bright openings treetops paths left clearing enter depths wilderness beneath line warriors issued woods advanced slowly dwellings front bore short pole afterward appeared suspended human scalps startling sounds duncan heard whites inappropriately called death hallo repetition cry intended announce tribe fate enemy knowledge heyward assisted explanation knew interruption caused return successful war party disagreeable sensation quieted congratulations opportune relief insignificance conferred distance hundred feet lodges newly arrived warriors halted plaintive terrific cry intended represent equally wailings dead triumph victors entirely ceased number called aloud words appalling intelligible ears intended expressive yells difficult convey suitable idea savage ecstasy news imparted received encampment moment scene violent bustle commotion warriors drew knives flourishing arranged lines forming lane extended war party lodges squaws seized clubs axes weapon offense offered hands rushed eagerly act part cruel game hand
profiting easy method retreat duncan stepped gladly closing slight cover opening felt drawn hand beast shaggy form immediately darkened passage straight gallery chasm rocks retreat encountering animal impossible making circumstances young pressed forward keeping close conductor bear growled frequently heels enormous paws laid person disposed prevent passage den nerves hewyard sustained extraordinary situation difficult decide happily soon found relief glimmer light constantly front arrived place proceeded large cavity rock rudely fitted answer purposes apartments subdivisions simple ingenious composed stone sticks bark intermingled openings admitted light night fires torches supplied place sun hurons brought valuables especially pertained nation appeared sick woman believed victim supernatural power transported impression tormentor find difficulty making assaults walls stone leafy coverings lodges apartment duncan guide entered exclusively devoted accommodation approached bedside surrounded females center heyward surprised find missing friend david
young run lead delaware stretched hand fingers separated indicating manner joined root answered sun length water big added pointing direction place mentioned beavers thought returned scout glancing eye upward opening treetops course takes bearings mountains cover banks till scent hurons companions gave usual exclamation assent perceiving leader lead person signs hawk eye comprehended meaning glances turned perceived party singing master friend asked scout gravely pride conscious deserving manner band rangers chosen desperate service put command say face apt leave idle thirty minutes tread body huron living dead admonished intentions words returned david face flushed ordinarily quiet unmeaning eyes glimmered expression unusual fire reminded children jacob going battle shechemites wickedly aspiring wedlock woman race favored lord
close scout passing friends desperate leap knaves pick distance hold maiden shield words unheeded unheard companions incredible exertions fugitives perceive cora borne warriors magua prescribed direction manner flight moment forms strongly drawn opening sky disappeared nearly frantic disappointment uncas heyward increased efforts superhuman issued cavern side mountain note route pursued course lay ascent continued hazardous laborious encumbered rifle sustained deep interest captive companions scout suffered precede uncas turn taking lead heyward manner rocks precipices difficulties surmounted incredibly short space circumstances deemed insuperable impetuous young rewarded finding encumbered cora hurons losing ground race stay dog wyandots exclaimed uncas shaking bright tomahawk magua delaware girl calls stay cried cora stopping unexpectedly ledge rocks overhung deep precipice distance summit mountain kill thou wilt destestable huron
brothers mourn regarding dark race dejected warriors environed daughters weep young happy hunting grounds chief filled honor dutiful brave deny manitto need warrior called son father uncas blazed pine clearing palefaces race shores salt lake hills delawares say serpent tribe forgotten wisdom cried hawk eye gazing yearning look rigid features friend command philosophy endure longer sagamore gifts colors god journey path kin say son redskin nature blood nearer forget lad fought side war slept side peace color gifts forget boy left sagamore
debate continues comrades meet jerry westerby understandably seldom mentioned occasionally true foolhardiness sentiment plain forgetfulness dredge atmosphere moment passes young probationer circus refurbished training school sarratt jargon nursery piped thirties bar instance watered version dolphin case recently introduced sarratt material syndicate discussion playlets poor boy green brimming excitement discover god protested enjoying kind fool freedom granted naval midshipmen wardroom god recognise westerby part affair carried load jerry westerby spearhead wasn frankly course utter westerby jerry cryptonym allocated jerry duration case peter guillam fielded loose ball guillam tall tough graceful probationers awaiting posting tend look sort greek god westerby stick poked fire declared curtly ending silence fieldman damn sight boy hint guillam rose pale snapped ear fetch drink hold guard tongue days weeks
music hammering stopped din church bells started supposed evensong valley bells sounded heavier dew sauntered swing ball teasing rope metal pillar buckskin boot kicked grass base remembering lithe body flying shot shot monk habit billowing guardian big guardian means road moment longer jerry hesitated gazing downward blue plain road figurative led shimmering straight canal city airport jerry called thinking childhood spent listening father bellowing taught early big ideas big words joined girl place thought don give carry maybe maybe find thought money stillborn girl young found young bull wearing let wanderlust stir strike camp wake camels lord knows pitch tent stay move sorry sport order told reason whistle goes lads rally end argument guardian rum feeling coming thought staring blurred plain
theory called premise intelligence produced resources subject informal meeting held rumpus room months accession tiny circle point team confidants smiley peter guillam cupbearer big flowing connie sachs moscow fawn dark eyed factotum wore black gym shoes manned russian style copper samovar gave biscuits lastly doc di known mad jesuit circus head china watcher god finished making connie sachs wags needed rest ran doc di remnants doc patchy grubbly creature connie monkey counterpart features true spiky silver hair strayed grimy collar moist misshapen fingertips picked chicken beaks unquestionably ill begotten look beardsley drawn chained hirsute peeping corner enormous caftan di notable orientalist scholar hero spent part war china recruiting god circus part changi jail pleasure japanese team group expanded start famous cadre di holding communist party card single figure membership number smiley reviewed wreck took sacking city takes liquidating numbers
answer rehearse steps brought point russian gold seam imprint karla private army thoroughness haydon efforts extinguish knowledge limits external reasons smiley perceived existence darker motive infinitely obscure rational mind continued reject called karla true leftover legend burned embers hatred set destroy temples private faith remained service loved friends country concept reasonable balance human affairs true ago sweltering indian jail actually faced smiley karla iron table smiley reason presence destiny karla head block moscow smiley tried woo west karla silent preferring death worse easy defection true memory encounter karla unshaven face watchful eyes spectre murk room slept fitfully bunk hatred emotion sustain length obverse side love approaching king road chelsea fog heavier closeness river globes streetlamps hung chinese lanterns bare branches trees
frost returned sat glumly desk folders blotter jerry poured vodka standing shoulder frost drank jerry explained collaboration sort worked frostie wouldn feel thing leave lay step corridor closing door carefully door staff notice board frostie doubt observed frostie place notice board read notices diligently heard jerry give knocks return reading care body angle obscure peep hole jerry passersby able frost console thought betrayed confidences jerry explained worst higher authority say client matter abandoning room jerry inside committed technical breach bank security regulations papers folders asked frost slightly emboldened unexpected innocence count em sport attaboy fifty exactly deal jerry bargained remained fall eventuality jerry despite precautions disturbed need application forms bloody application forms don forms frost retorted girls bring forms haven home open trust account distinguished house frostie
jerry falter reporter reason say yes spy say sarratt insecure thinking makes sauntered group ko party formed rough circle round cup laughter loud centre closest ko stood fat filipino beautiful girl ko clowning girl kissing cheeks kissing laughed ko wife withdrew deliberately edge began talking chinese woman age arpego grant jerry ear indicating fat filipino owns manila islands arpego paunch sat forward belt rock stuffed inside shirt grant straight ko singled burly bland faced chinese electric blue suit kind aide jerry stood waiting plump chinese grant side tiu grant quietly tiu meet westerby son famous wanna talk ko westerby convenient sure convenient tiu euphorically chubby hands floated restlessly front stomach wore gold watch wrist fingers curled scoop water sleek shiny thirty sixty ko win horse race convenient bring stay father samuel jerry lord samuel grant firmly inaccurately jerry asked plump tiu returned noisy chinese group ko major domo
smiley took looked peter worthington uncertainty looked file turned entry tipped spectacles read obviously means worthington information correct reason believe say estimate conservative eighty percent sure wife present surname worth forename german spelling curiously pronounced liza told leesa wondered position confirm deny suggestion suggestion actively connected eastern jewellery business ramifications extending hong kong major centres appears living style affluence social appearance moving high circles peter worthington absorb position floor unable lower knees cracking fingers glared impatiently music stands crowded skeletons corner room trying speak smiley ended look want approaches kind point don want passionate appeals appeals conscience straight statement offered welcome smiley took refuge file continue going facts worthington facts peter worthington irritated ian facts thing marriage
knew answer exactly asked nelson talk english lessons communist gospel nelson ambitions nelson passion engineering nelson believed technology bibles lead china feudalism shipbuilding roads railways factories nelson angel gabriel slide rule white collar degree mind hibbert stay shanghai nelson achieve happy nelson graduate till di pen scratched wildly notebook drake scraped scrounged hibbert doris renewed references triads drake stuck reward nelson saw vital piece paper nelson hand knew job planned di excitement growing positively avid ugly face sprung fresh patches colour fidgeting desperately chair graduating urgently amused enthusiasm hibbert smiled according drake nelson joined shipyards draughtsman working blueprints building projects learning mad russian technicians poured mao victory hibbert memory served correctly nelson privileged chosen training leningrad university russia stayed till late fifties anyway
smiley nodded sympathetically martello nodded talking human error worse game views history conspiracy fuck fuck question sol predecessor ed ill evaluated material evidence met george ed ristow sound guy evidence ed decided understandably wrongly proceed ricardo wanted fifty grand major haul understand chickenfeed ricardo wanted payment nail ed ed responsibilities lot family trouble ed didn investing sum public american money character ricardo haul guaranteed passes knows fast steps maybe squaring field agent ed young guy hell journey ed killed action file forget squared buy opium story maybe real coronary guillam reflected marvelling part knew happened pedlar big let fingers waste recrimination smiley quietly moved ahead remaining possibilities ricardo marty asked known question longer coming scarcely question piece thinking aloud
loving care fawn set paper cup smiley desk slice lemon floating tea skull grin moved guillam repressed fury handed round snapped ear smirking fawn left ko mind moment smiley asked talking signal form locked fingers chin praying funk fuzzy connie declared confidence fleet street prowl frost dead forward yes yes dither hold dam plug leaks leaks anyway wanted smallest movement bowed head pointed guillam peter ask cousins step surveillance tiu static posts tell streetwork frightening game nonsense kind telephone mail easy things doc tiu visit mainland di grudgingly gave date find route travelled bought ticket case record di retorted sulkily unpleasing sneer looking heaven writhing lips shoulders kindly separate note smiley replied unshakeable forbearance westerby flat voice guillam sickening feeling smiley suffering kind hallucination thought jerry room receive orders rest pull
le sun beating gaily poolside rain town bad rocket girls school killed children southern stringer moment returned counting maxie bang bangs asked jerry met hall nerve creaking joints days grinning face sight jerry advised actually smack grinning southerner departed meet tomorrow girl jerry tomorrow free keller making slowly stairs hunched figure shirt pulling bannister rail meet tonight wanted lorraine jerry sat room writing postcards cat set course max bureau questions charlie marshall notion max appreciate company duty took cyclo rode charlie marshall house pummelled door yelled bare brown legs motionless bottom stairs candle light page torn notebook disappeared returned town hour kill settled pavement cafe hundred empty chairs drank pernod remembering girls town ticked past wicker carriages whispering cliches love sing song french
bottle fly appeared jerry took possession fly swatter plane gathering speed half instruments read couldn sure din wheels runway louder engines jerry remembered sambo chauffeur driving school slow inevitable progress western bypass slough finally eton couple hillsmen foward fun laughing heads clump palm trees hopping plane feet firmly ground charlie marshall absently pulled stick retracted landing gear uncertain nose lifted jerry thought school competing jump recalled sensation rising ceasing earth felt jolt heard swish leaves underbelly cropped trees charlie marshall screaming plane pull damn air age height hung wheezed feet winding road climbed inexorably ridge hills charlie marshall lighting cigarette jerry held wheel front felt live kick rudder taking controls charlie marshall put plane slow bank lowest point range held turn crested range complete circle looked brown roof tops river airport jerry reckoned altitude thousand feet
jerry able sit leaned forward held hands front forearms jammed lap pain body poison spreading central source girl watched hall doorway fawn lurking hoping excuse hit sam collins end room sitting winged armchair legs crossed home chair favourite smiley poured jerry neat brandy stooping poking glass hand jerry smiley don understand courting jerry closed eyes wave black pain swept developed unscheduled affection hostess sorry dangerous thing jerry smiley objected wrecked entire operation suppose ko consequences disastrous say drank brandy luke dead lying flat head shot luke smiley asked forgetting meeting craw house friend drank american journalist drunk loss smiley glanced sam collins sam shrugged ring smiley sam picked mobile telephone walked room knew layout put burn jerry nod head lizzie thing left book think called sport
found counter shop tall look tiny darting half portuguese earned living chinese boxing grimy booths macao front shop feet wide wares motor bikes relics china service called antiques daguerreotypes hatted ladies tortoise shell frames battered traveling box opium clipper log luigi knew jerry liked lizzie insisted ahead study hind quarters ushered washing line outhouse marked private chairs telephone floor crouching till rolled neat ball luigi talked chinese telephone english lizzie grandfather virile sons number son hands drivers workers husbands lizzie mercedes complete stereo maybe ride jerry wondered realised proposing marriage slightly yes luigi thought boat phone calls knew boat lent friends nominal cost gave lizzie credit card case count number cards wallet admire family snaps showed lobster caught number son recent wedding son visible po toi bad place luigi tan lizzie telephone
circus mood wild triumph broke grand news cousins nelson landed nelson bagged hair head injured days speculation medals knighthoods promotions george connie shrewdly touch line forgive raking bill haydon euphoria perplexing rumours connie doc di instance eagerly ensconced maresfield safe house dubbed dolphinarium waited full week body arrive waited vain interpreters transcribers inquisitors baby sitters allied trades rest reception interrogation unit match rained housekeepers date fixed stand soon source local estate agent neighbouring town uckfield revealed housekeepers trying renege lease sure week team stood pending policy decisions reassembled word filtered enderby martello jointly combination odd chairing anglo american processing committee meet alternately washington london responsibility simultaneous distribution dolphin product code whitebait side atlantic incidentally emerged nelson united states armed compound prepared philadelphia explanation slower coming felt presumably feelings hard trace corridors nelson safer physically safer think russians think chinese
difficult discover unknown animal spend tropical forest south america turning logs looking beneath bark sifting moist litter leaves evening shining mercury lamp white screen collect hundreds kinds small creatures moths caterpillars spiders nosed bugs luminous beetles harmless butterflies disguised wasps wasps shaped ants sticks walk leaves open wings fly variety enormous creatures certainly undescribed science difficulty find specialists groups concerned able single say species animals greenhouse humid dimly lit jungles richest varied assemblage animal plant found earth major categories creatures monkeys rodents spiders hummingbirds butterflies types exist forms forty species parrot seventy monkeys hundred hummingbirds tens thousands butterflies careful bitten hundred kinds mosquito young englishman charles darwin twenty naturalist hms beagle brig admiralty london surveying voyage round forest rio de small area collected sixty species small beetle variety species kind creature astounded
wander amazing landscape smell sulphuretted hydrogen unmistakable stench rotting eggs produced reaction ground water molten rock beneath source bacteria obtain hydrogen bacteria dependent volcanic action spread widely forms eventually arose able extract hydrogen widespread source water development profound effect hydrogen removed water element remains oxygen organisms complex structure bacteria called blue green algae appeared close relatives green algae common ponds primitive character recognised referred cyanophytes simply blue greens chemical agent making water photosynthetic process chlorophyll possessed true algae higher plants blue greens found constant moisture mats beaded silver bubbles oxygen blanketing bottoms ponds shark bay northwest coast tropical australia developed spectacular significant form hamelin pool small arm vast inlet entrance blocked sand bar covered eel grass flow water pool greatly impeded evaporation grilling sun waters salty result marine creatures molluscs feed blue greens check survive
barrier reef swarms tides surging coral heads charge water oxygen tropical sun warms fills light main kinds sea animals flourish phosphorescent purple eyes peer beneath shells black sea urchins swivel spines slowly perambulate needle tip starfish intense blue spangle sand patterned rosettes unfurl holes smooth surface coral dive pellucid water turn boulder flat ribbon striped yellow scarlet dances gracefully emerald green brittle star careers sand writhing catherine wheel arms find hiding place variety bewildering leaving primitive creatures jellyfish corals discussed advanced backboned fish nearly allocated main types shelled animals clams sea snails radially symmetrical creatures starfish sea urchins elongated animals segmented bodies varying wriggling bristle worms shrimps lobsters principles kinds bodies built fundamentally difficult believe related roots evolutionary tree fossil record bears groups sea dwellers left abundant remains details separate dynastic fortunes traced rocks hundreds millions walls grand canyon show animals backbones invertebrates existence vertebrates fish layer gently folded limestones earliest invertebrate fossils strata change radically
dependence sight dragonflies active night daytime hunters flying legs crooked front form tiny basket catch smaller insects fact makes clear preceded air vegetarian forms judging primitive nature anatomy cockroaches grasshoppers locusts crickets presence large populations insects whirring buzzing air ancient forests eventually play extremely important part revolution taking place plants early trees predecessors mosses existed alternating forms sexual generation asexual greater height posed problem spore dispersal help tree tops spores easily caught wind carried distribution sex cells matter hitherto achieved male cells swimming water process demanded sexual generation small close ground ferns club mosses horsetails spores plants develop thin filmy plant called thallus looks unlike liverwort releases sex cells underside permanent moisture eggs fertilised grow tall plant previous spore producing generation ground thallus clearly vulnerable easily cropped animals dries dies success asexual generation arching fronds cuts giving light
chitinous external skeleton responsive demands evolution surface sculpted affecting anatomy beneath proportions varied shapes chewing mouthparts possessed early cockroach insects turned descendants siphons stilettos saws chisels probes unreeled body legs elongated catapults propel insect hundred times body length broad oars row water thin hair tipped stilts wide stride enables owners walk surface pools limbs carry special tools moulded chitin pouches holding pollen combs cleaning compound eye spikes act grappling irons notches fiddle song external skeleton unexpandable prison trilobites ancient seas escaped restrictions moulting insects solution process sound wasteful conduct economy chitinous shell folded compressed forms beneath layer liquid separates absorbs chitin skeleton leaving hard sclerotinised parts connected thinnest tissues chitin rich liquid absorbed permeable skeleton insect body plates split line running insect hauls liberated body begins swell filling folds skin short chitin hardens strengthened deposits sclerotin primitive insects bristletails springtails change shape grow
termites closely related ancient insects cockroaches bodies waist young larvae markedly similar adult winged form grow series moults pass pupal stage undergo transformation cockroaches termites feed entirely vegetable matter thousand species twigs leaves grass standard fare specialise eating timber boring inside posts logs hollow shells collapse touch finger termites construct greatest insect buildings termite fortress walled buttressed castellated ten tons mud stand times tall million inhabitants busily running errands overheating produce foul oxygen poor atmosphere ventilation greatest importance margins hill termites construct tall thin walled chimneys stand sides ribs insects live inside huge smooth walled ducts function ventilation sun warms walls air inside hotter centre nest rises drawing exhausted air central galleries deeper parts hill creating circulation thin external walls chimneys porous oxygen atmosphere diffuses air refreshed rises top nest circulates passageways hot weather workers descend tunnels deep ground water table returns carrying crop full water wets walls main part nest
crucial episodes history took place million ago freshwater swamp fish began haul water boned creatures colonise land cross frontier terrestrial invertebrates solve problems move water obtain oxygen air fish alive today manages things mudskipper closely related fish pioneered land comparisons caution give hint momentous move accomplished mudskippers centimetres find mangrove swamps muddy estuaries parts tropics lying glistening mud lap water clinging arching aerial roots mangroves clambering trunks sudden movement abrupt noise send skittering safety water feed insects invertebrates swarm soft oozy surface mud move suddenly flexing hinder end body give skipping jump steadier sober edging forward front pair fins fleshy base supported internally bones fin effect rigid crutch fish lever forward
beginning history amphibians hunters preying worms insects invertebrates preceded land remain today despite appearance bigger powerful hunters compelled circumspect behaviour formidable horned toad south america gape big ease engulf nestling birds young mice amphibian truthfully nimble hunting rely agility tongue extendable tongue amphibian invention fish attached mouth front consequence frogs toads stick simply flicking forward talent slow moving hunter neck end sticky muscular toad grasp worm slug carry bodily mouth amphibians including horned toad serviceable rows teeth jaws ancestors defence gripping prey break food easily swallowed gobbets tease hard inedible bits amphibian chew reason toads seize end worm methodically rake length forefeet remove bits sticks earth stuck
ways escape effects increasing cold practised reptiles alive today find crevice rocks bury reach worst frosts fall suspended animation hibernate small apatosaurus tyrannosaurus chance water water retains heat longer air effects sudden cold snap reduced consequences cold season avoided swimming migration warmer latitudes open big creatures significance main types reptile survive today period dinosaurs crocodiles lizards tortoises turtles advantage expedients crocodiles largest living reptiles males huge sea going species lives southeast asia reported metres fossil crocodiles rocks dinosaurs species monsters today lived alongside apatosaurus doubtless preyed smaller antelope sized dinosaurs supposes dinosaur ruled puny brained animals lumbering clumsily reacting simple slow witted watching crocodiles today quickly show false picture nile crocodile spends days basking sandbanks maintaining body temperature galapagos iguanas
celebrated birds paradise gauzy plumes sprouting beneath wing coverts species plumes colour yellow red white birds display communally dances held prominent trees purpose decades special branch crown stripped leaves twigs soon dawn flash yellow catches attention lower branches birds beginning assemble daily ritual size crows iridescent green bibs yellow heads brown backs golden plumes folded hang side doubling length bodies soon half dozen males skulking undergrowth tentatively flicking plumes backs eventually fly display branch raucous shriek bows head low stropping branch bill claps wings head throws plumes shimmering fountain colour scuttles branch passion stimulates join soon dozen tree shrieking displaying awaiting chance perform dancing branch sudden movement shaded darkness branches nearby draw eye marvellous spectacle plain brown hen bird flits dancing branch male jumps aggressively plumes fall union lasts flies return nest prepared fertilised eggs
reptiles hallmarks today mammals hair warm blood milk producing glands fossilise deduce presence seen dinosaurs stegosaurus undoubtedly developed effective methods absorbing heat quickly sun reptiles earlier group pelycosaurs managed dimetrodon grew spines backbone supported sail skin served solar panel plates interesting thing pelycosaurs dynasty thrived sail crests disappeared extremely unlikely warming climate forces evolution allow animal lose valuable method heat control able replace efficient supposed pelycosaurs successors therapsids degree endothermic therapsids metre endothermy small creatures needs form body insulation effective creatures covered fur clues suggest therapsids mammals generating heat body proper endothermic manner absorbs lot energy required increase daily food speeding digestive processes achieving replace typical reptilian teeth simple peg grip specialised cutters grinders mashers break food mechanically
commonly held notion marsupials backward creatures scarcely improvement primitive egg layers platypus echidna truth marsupial method reproduction certainly appeared early mammalian history kangaroos refined marvellously creature compare female kangaroo adult supports family varying stages development mammalian body complicated machine takes develop embryo warm blooded burns fuel quickly characters demand developing young supplied considerable quantities food mammals found methods providing packed confines shelled egg early mammals northern supercontinent passed marsupial stage sprang branch mammal reptiles acquired pouches certainly extremely unlikely ancestors brought method sophisticated levels efficiency achieved australian marsupials today northern placental method benefits placenta young remain uterus flat disc attached wall uterus connected umbilical cord foetus junction uterine wall highly convoluted surface area placenta maternal tissues interchange mother foetus takes place
today main kinds survive orang utan gibbon asia gorilla chimpanzee africa red haired orang borneo sumatra heaviest tree dweller existence male stand metres tall arms spread metres weigh massive kilos digits limbs powerful grips animal handed ligaments hip joints loose orang young stick legs angles human eyes painfully impossible plainly excellently adapted arboreal size handicap branches break weight unable fruit relish hanging branch support moving tree tree problems difficulty substantial branches tree overlap invariably case orang deals problem reaching clasp stout branch rocking tree bends scramble ingenious techniques reckoned easy swift male large apparently finds process exhausting wants travel distance comes lumbers forest floor evidence arboreal fraught danger orang study adult skeletons showed pathetically cent broken bones
important pieces information transmits identity granted faces unusual characteristic animals individuals cooperate organised team responsibilities crucial taking part able distinguish immediately social animals hyenas wolves smell sense smell informative sight indentities proclaimed fragrant glandular secretions shape face features face extremely mobile convey deal information changing moods intentions difficulty understanding expressions enthusiasm delight disgust anger amusement revelations emotion send precise messages faces agreement dissent welcome summons gestures today arbitrary learned parents share rest community simply social background deeply embedded inheritance prehistoric past gestures methods counting insulting vary society society clearly learned universal deep seated upright nod agreement shake head disapproval clues answers gestures society contact guinea places found
dramatic swiftness thousand ago began change lands forests deserts human population began increase trigger wild grass grew sandy hills fertile river deltas middle east bears numerous seeds full nourishment easily plucked winnowed husks doubtless hunted open lands gathered eaten encountered change fortunes realised need rely chance encounters wild plant forbore eat seeds gathered planted convenient place longer forced wander search plant summer settle plots wait grain sprout stop gatherer farmer build permanent huts live villages founded towns uruk syria built marshy reed covered delta tigris euphrates rivers desert town complex planted fields grain herds goats sheep pottery fragments lie site centre town constructed artificial mountain baked mud bricks held plaited layers reeds settled led citizens uruk enabled crucial advance techniques communication travel perpetually material possessions minimum
englishman begot children daughter sons lived easily carelessly bore patiently weight wife harsh honest tongue passed bright staring eyes grew dull bagged tall englishman walked gouty shuffle morning nag sleep found dead apoplexy left children mortgage strange dark eyes stared bright open died passionate obscure hunger voyages legacy leave englishman concerned heir bequeathed son boy named oliver boy stood roadside mother farm saw dusty rebels march past gettysburg cold eyes darkened heard virginia war ended fifteen walked street baltimore seen shop smooth granite slabs death carved lambs angel poised cold feet smile soft stone idiocy longer tale cold shallow eyes darkened obscure passionate hunger lived dead eyes led fenchurch street past philadelphia boy looked big angel carved stipe lilystalk cold nameless excitement possessed fingers big hands closed felt wanted carve delicately chisel wanted wreak dark unspeakable cold stone
history eugene entered theatre human events give willingly extended account touched showing perspectives implications meaning seen floor crib impressions suppressed told fault intelligence lack muscular control powers articulation recurring waves loneliness weariness depression aberration utter blankness war order mind lying darkly crib washed powdered fed thought quietly things dropped sleep interminable sleep obliterated gave sense missed forever sparkling moments heartsick weary horror thought discomfort weakness dumbness infinite misunderstanding endure gained physical freedom grew sick thought weary distance lack ordination centres control undisciplined rowdy bladder helpless exhibition forced give company sniggering pawing brothers sisters dried cleaned revolved agony poverty stricken symbols mind caught net words names objects defined jargon reinforced mangling speech roared listened intently realizing escape language
turbulent undisciplined rhetoric acquired regular convention usage movement directness classical epithet similes preposterous created spirit vulgar mirth comic intelligence family youngest shaken daily children grew await return evening kind exhilaration eliza healing slowly painfully hurt stimulation fear periods drunkenness latently stubborn unforgiving recollection past winter death assaulted quick healing gaiety children absolute gods moment lifted slowly hearts hopefulness returned lonely known friended status singular distinguished caste called middle class duncans neighbors acquaintances town drew strange rich color lives twisted design orderly mad original disturbing quality suspect companionship elect hilliards equally impossible gift desire gant singular singularity hold unyielding devotion
began think dixieland situated minutes public square pleasant sloping middle class street small homes boarding houses dixieland big cheaply constructed frame house eighteen twenty drafty high rooms rambling unplanned gabular appearance painted dirty yellow pleasant green front yard deep wide bordered row young deep maples sloping depth hundred ninety feet frontage hundred twenty eliza looking town put street winter wind blew howling blasts skirts dixieland end built high ground wet columns rotting bricks big rooms heated small furnace charged fire hot dry enervation rooms floor gaseous chill radiation upstairs place sale owner middle aged horse faced gentleman reverend wellington hodge begun favorably altamont methodist minister run foul trouble began double service lord god hosts john barleycorn evangelical career abrupt ending winter night streets dumb falling snow wellington clad winter heavies wild sortie dixieland morning announcing kingdom god banishment devil mad marathon streets landed panting victorious front post office
took florida late winter gant return augusta tampa days later saint petersburg plowed loose deep sand streets fished interminably jolly end pier devoured chest full dime novels found room rented private house left abruptly terrific quarrel cracker ran place thought tricked part season rent hurried south carolina receipt hysterical message daisy bade mother arrived dingy town sticky wet clay clammy rain late march daisy child boy born eliza annoyed considered useless disruption holiday quarrelled bitterly daughter arrival departed altamont declaration daisy ironically applauded return winter orleans season mardi gras taking youngest eugene remembered huge cisterns rain water yard aunt mary house heavy window rattling thunder mary snores night vast pageantry carnival canal street storied floats smiling beauties marching troops masks grotesque fantastical saw ships anchor foot canal street tall keels looked street sea walls cemeteries graves raised ground oll gant nephew water rots em
street corner liberty federal foot battery hill white negro sleepily restacked boxes scattered poker chips covered centre table upstairs centre room altamont city club guests departed gilbert woodcock reeves stikeleather henry pentland jr sidney newbeck cleveland ohio retired aforementioned brown jesus ben harry tugman emerging moment uneeda thought hemorrhage pulled closet stuff printed cleaning town wouldn surprise judge sevier raid ben certainly ben harry tugman impatiently idea queen elizabeth don think hear help jesus heard yap week afraid show face office convent school saint catherine saint clement road sister theresa mother superior walked softly dormitory lifting window shade cot letting orchard cherry apple bloom gently cool glade roseleaf sleeping girls breath expired gently dewy half opened mouths light fell rosily pillowed curve arms slender young sides crisp pink buds breasts end room fat girl lay squarely arms legs outspread snored solidly blubbering lips hour sleep
partnership end intention pearl hines direct wanted married wanted married twenty helen singing partnership exploration lands gesture freedom instinctive groping centre purpose fasten energy blind hunger variety beauty independence wanted probable control partially destiny controlled necessity lived necessity enslave serve helen pearl supported tours leaving altamont dull winter lassitude returning spring summer money suffice season pearl juggled carefully proposals young period warmest affection ball player baseman manager altamont team tough handsome young animal forever hurling glove frenzy despair course game rushing belligerently umpire liked hard assurance rapid twang tanned lean body love caution told risk bush league ball players married finally young jersey city heavy hand hoof voice owned young flourishing truck livery business partnership dixie melody twins dissolved
morning early summer helen returned eugene wakened scuffling feet excited cries small boardwalk skirted house upper side led playhouse musty structure pine single big room touch sloping roof flowed gabled backroom window playhouse strange extravagancies gantian fancy built children young closed retreat delight imprisoned air stale cool scented permanently pine boards cased books dusty magazines weeks occupied mrs south carolina cook annie plump comely negress thirty rich coppery skin woman mountains summer cook expected hotels boarding houses helen engaged dollars week act pride morning gant wakened earlier stared ceiling thoughtfully risen dressed wearing leather slippers walked softly boards playhouse helen roused annie loud protests tingling premonition stairs found gant wringing hands moaning walked washroom open doors heard negress complaining loudly banged drawers slammed belongings se married woman goin say dis house anothah minnit helen turned furiously gant shook rotten thing cried
dark night evil niggertown vast elemental winds howled hills chanted black hours labor dark wind understood exulted evil evil earth illicit nature call unclassed cry fence rebel angels tall knew elizabethan drama shakespeare plays early poetry ben jonson margaret looked literary falstaff condoning familiar weakness schoolmarm gargantuan excess pardonable whimsy genius academically mirthful literary bacchanalia professor baptist college smacks lips appetizingly beams ruddily classes reads sack porter tankards foaming musty ale part liberal tradition broadminded witness professor albert thorndyke firkins university chicago falcon soho smiling bravely sits half pint bitter beer company racing tout sway backed barmaid broad stern adjustable teeth companionable tarts lisle street making pints guinness eager impatience awaits arrival chesterton lucas rare ben jonson margaret leonard sighed gentle laughter ah lord god boy sheba roared snatching suggested motif conversation air licking buttered fingers noisily stormed action god bless
hugh barton hills visit affianced kin huge delight lounging racing chassis dusty brown buick roadster gaseous coil roaring explosion engines descended tall elegant figure dyspeptic lean emaciation foppishly laundered tailored looked car slowly critically cigar clamped corner saturnine mouth drawing gauntlets deliberately unhurried fashion removed head ten gallon gray sombrero astonishing feature undebatable costume shook thin leg delicately moment straighten wrinkles deliberately walk dixieland gants assembled unhurried took cigar mouth calmly held fingers lean hairy violently palsied hand thin black hair fine spun fanned lightly elegance wantoning breeze espied betrothed grinned dignity sardonically big nuggets gold teeth greeted kissed mother hugh helen hugh barton bent slowly courteously thin waist fastened eliza keen penetrating stare discomposed lips twisted impressive sardonic smile felt going say important asked took hand felt hugh barton important equal slow gravity greeted awed lordliness luke burst uncontrollably re getting fine girl barton
jim trivett lived students community lodging house mrs bradley closer west gate university young banded security companionship untidy rooms heated baking dryness small cast iron stoves constant preparations study studied enter sternly announcing hell tomorrow begin minute preparations contest books sharpen pencils carefully deliberately adjust lamp replenish red hot stove move chair put eye shade clean pipe stuff carefully tobacco light empty expression profound relief hear rapping door house goddamn roar hospitably hello gene pull chair son sit tom grant thickly built boy gaudily dressed low forehead black hair kind stupid indolent temper working hell yes shouted jim trivett working son bitch god tom grant turning slowly look boy re going choke death shook head slowly sadly continued rough laugh trivett knew money damn wouldn bust gut gene jim trivett hell damned english anyway tom grant write postage stamp sanford thinks re hell gene thought torrington jim trivett
dear laura dear laura choking voice sweet beautiful laura lovely laura love love words rushed heart incoherent unashamed foaming broken levees pride silence clung dark wet faces pressed mouth mouth perfume drunkenly brain touch shot limbs glow magic felt pressure narrow breasts eager lithe sense fear dishonored sickening remembrance defilement held hands elegant small head gloriously wound thick bracelet fine blonde hair spoke words spoken words confession filled love humility don don don begged don leave dear hush whispered won love dear saw hand wrapped bloody bandage nursed gently soft cries tenderness fetched bottle iodine room painted stinging cut brush wrapped clean strips fine white cloth torn waist scented faint subtle perfume sat wooden swing house sleep darkness helen eliza presently quiet depth hand gene helen asked let ho nurse haven laugh hurt hand say thing son eliza trying bustle directions
young gray light brisk wakening street car curved slowly avenue motorman leaning window shifting switch carefully rod blowing warm fog breath chill air patrolman leslie roberts sallow liverish slouched anaemically swinging club negro wood pharmacy walked briskly post office collect morning mail stearns railway passenger agent waited curb street depot car red face reading morning paper eugene cried suddenly didn luke harry tugman looking paper certainly sorry hear ben fine boy sheet god eugene news burst fit laughter gasping uncontrollable savage violence horse hines glanced craftily paper young left lunch room walked homeward brisk morning eugene mind fumbling things frosty snap clatter streets lean rattle wheels creak blinds cold rose tint pearled sky square motormen stood cars loud foggy gossip dixieland air exhaustion nervous depletion house slept eliza stirring smart fire crackling range full business children sleep later
asked medical students innumerable questions treatment cure inherited blood maladies venereal diseases intestinal inguinal cancers transference animal glands movies examine teeth muscles hero pored toothpaste collar advertisements magazines shower rooms gymnasium stared straight toes young thinking desperate sick pain bunched crooked stood naked mirror looking gaunt body smooth white save crooked toes terrible spot neck lean moulded delicate powerful symmetry slowly began terrible joy taint thing neck gouged burnt identified tragic humor blood plunged downward times melancholia madness saw health bring victoriously desolation reading fiction movies collar advertisements thousand fantasies bruce eugene known hero crooked toes decaying tooth patch tetter neck known heroine society women chambers phillips elegants meredith ouida borne blemish fantasies loved woman hair carrot silk eyes faintly weary violet webbed delicately corners teeth small white irregular molar edged gold visible smiled
spoke saw left million bones cities skein streets ben feet planted darkness faces lit cold high terror stars brink dark stood dream cities million books spectral images loved loved known lost feet cliff darkness looked saw lights cities thought strong medicine death end eaten found voyage fool ben cities voyage coasts strange cipango place fez hunt ghost haunter lost blood fed died hundred deaths lead slow thunder drums flare dying cities dark place true voyage prepare soul beginning hunt plumb seas stranger haunted albatross stood naked darkness lost streets faces stood ramparts soul lost land heard inland murmurs lost seas interior music horns
darwin dropped blockbuster remote control extremely shy plagued bad health stomach getting kind fight instinct told flare theory evolution ran headlong political religious orthodoxy church england immense political social leverage magisterial control souls britain darwin reluctant confront juggernaut publish theory amassing greater greater evidence flash insight gained galapagos islands told true species evolved evolving beginning related descent lines descent traced fossils fossils darwin chose theory uncontroversial obscure marine organisms small barnacles extinct clams origin species hint evolution end inserted sentence light thrown origin history fight luckily darwin able champion aggressive imaginative scientist thomas henry huxley darwin lurked home timid anxious turtle huxley front arguing took distinguished anglican bishop public debate demolished succeeded making england prime minister benjamin disraeli look foolish huxley publicly humans apes
saw astounded skull full set baby teeth molars erupting definitely young baboon skull high rounded face small baboons snouts low crowns heads appeared young chimpanzee high crowned look teeth convinced dart chimpanzee baboon large canine teeth canines scarcely larger human child turning skull dart noticed peculiarity foramen magnum hole nerves spinal column ascended brain bottom skull suggesting short walked upright baboons chimpanzees foramen magnum located skull reflecting nearly quadrupedal posture animals erect walking ape thing gotten south africa thousand miles common habitat apes logic evidence hand longer looked skull strongly bizarre features shouted suddenly dubois seized overpowering thought kind missing link apes humans confident judgment dawdle mind dart sat wrote paper nature prestigious english periodical served vehicle publication important scientific articles
broom hopes skeleton premature worked vigorously death age eighty found fault south african cave sites fossils found necessarily creatures devoured carnivores evidence clear today caves maddeningly uninformative deserve explanation fossils found caves layered deposits floors cases feet thick choukoutien china eighty ninety layers consist rubbish cave dwellers left trampling pushing bones animals eaten flung corners mixed flaked stone tools antlers traces charcoal dead fires bits fossilized excrement crunched bones mice shrews whispering past human habitation throwaway word culture today throwaway habitation layer bones artifacts course layer human fossils cave layers bones represent periods cave uninhabited times blown dust settled solidified cave floor piled feet deep indicating change climate forced region entirely tens thousands ebb flow humanity traced presence habitation floor higher exodus
ridiculous science talking humans prehumans protohumans century nailing human ridiculous situation today agreed definition humankind clear set specifications enable anthropologist say quickly confidence human accurate say standards assessing humanness days keith woodward measuring piltdown skull capacity large brain sine qua non question small brain accept human answer smallest human brain amounts circular reasoning lacking fossils keith contemporaries figure widely accepted cc le gros clark later shrank human brain minimum cc arbitrary figure measured capacity smallest fossil human skull human possession le gros clark set standard realized newer find force lower troubled problem troubled knew species defined properly characteristic emerging homo lacked arm leg foot pelvic bones skulls teeth arrive benchmarks parts skeleton postcranial remains horribly scarce
french americans stayed arambourg died coppens took french continued omo ethiopian politics turbulent large scale field seasons rendered impractical methodical howell suggested louis leakey agreed preliminary survey trained geologist idea professional geologist howell learn lot geology sending forty fifty nowheresville thought prudent omo checked fairly sure things found survey pleistocene wanted dead sure geologist frank brown retraced clark steps lonely command post border university california report december greeted howell broad smile deposits pleistocene expected pleased turned understatement decade triumph omo geology coupled animal sequences shine bright star dark cloudy firmament paleoanthropology field swept constantly storms disagreement things related south africa remains nearly impenetrable murk sites dubious dates attached difficulty interpreting confused stratigraphy impurity volcanic samples chosen dates omo marvel preserves continuous record events unique study fossil hominid evolution
places houna leadu omo standards big couple hundred square miles eroded badlands million range wanted linger taieb insisted place looked looping aimlessly landscape featureless billiard table guide ali stupefied large wad narcotic leaf called qat chewing getting lost stuck beds sand rivers laboriously haul sundown warning whatsoever arrived lip huge expanse badlands stretched low slanted light bands varicolored sediments exposed erosion shone brilliantly small river crawled bottom gulches taieb hadar ali seen camped rim nearly blown night roaring wind swept tableland unfortunately learn penetrate bottom wadi hot tophet daylight took hour driving find deposits land rover able cruise dry gulch stratified ooze fossils place paleoanthropologists dreams stayed days making small collection preserved mammal skulls bones found
relief simpler direct problems field camp set bank awash farther upstream larger efficient scale surveying activity stepped dozens localities marked master map soon passed hundred mark started locality number found fossil place establish locality localities forty fifty feet half mile find fossil living room give number say locality characterized sofa north fireplace south twenty feet depositional surface persian rug field say locality characterized sands stratum recognize north deeply eroded steep sides south east polaroid picture site circle area locality picture spot location fossil mark information aerial photograph finally enter master topographic map season geologists follow wake surveyors geology locality physical nature entire area slowly filled fitted mentioned problem getting hadar organized single stratigraphic column
taieb true succeeded finding lava flow basalt layer located thin layers volcanic ash higher section lava ash potential sources dates samples collected previous aronson potassium argon laboratory cleveland aronson examined decided ash samples badly weathered useless basalt showed signs weathering condition run machine constructed extracting dates volcanic samples run tests age million age basalt error million figure mean derived averaging results test runs error figure reflected differences runs large aronson entirely happy lava sample purer runs figures nearly alike resulted error concerned pinpointing age basalt nice fact large swings test series throw doubt reliability sample obviously sample suffered alteration question collected samples answer question say sample altered yield young date argon leaked lost
bob collected number samples took cleveland gave aronson potassium argon runs rest analysis technique strong hope methods return substantially answers technique walter called fission track dating relies presence uranium tiny crystals called zircons found volcanic tuffs zircons sizes large regarded semiprecious stones coughed volcanic eruptions minute transparent glasslike bars pointed end resemble triangular glass prisms dangle chandeliers small recognizable crystals microscope pure sample uniformly sized zircons volcanic tuff looks test tube full beach sand fine verge powder walter procures sample collecting likely looking scoopful volcanic ash hadar tuffs sifts series finer finer sieves left tiny crystals materials separate zircons immerses liquids increasing densities zircons heavier crystals bottom lighter float walter throws floats keeps sinks pure sample zircon puts zircon crystals small teflon dish spreading flat lying solid layer crystal thick hard sounds zircons times wide naturally lie sides
trouble tim richard published papers hominids supposed talk permission working couldn control working course unable leakey approval paper written harris diplomatic tim longer relationship richard leakey decided tone removing hominid references tim wished removed coauthor harris request paper nature rejected tim suspected pressure recalled robert broom spirited defense dart taung baby suppressed forty earlier nature editors felt harris victims similar act suppression pursued matter harris paper rewrote submitted science american equivalent nature published january tim asked lake turkana richard leakey stand quietly pot shots kbs tuff disturbed rising tide mammal fossil evidence ask fitch miller potassium argon run date million pig fossil step direction small felt dater tried pleased thure cerling university california graduate student turned berkeley campus samples kbs tuff brought lake turkana
look laetoli specimens private suspicion find differences mine able distinguish hoped write paper tim purely descriptive highlighting differences coming hard conclusions relationships tim began putting laetoli casts table compared hadar material skimpy mandible fairly condition thirteen fragments single teeth skimpy fact bursting surface table sets fossils startlingly alike direct comparisons virtually identical period days care checked specimens tooth tooth cusp cusp uncanny experience finally big mary big told lucy yes female sexual dimorphism allometry wait minute think allometry tim allometry phenomenon known anatomists touches fact sized individuals population relative size bones teeth vary true primates true ways males larger females proportioned differently male baboon merely blown replica female baboon extremely large canine tooth larger proportion rest teeth canine female
tim insisted laborious arithmetical process scaling lucy size jaws width differential front nearly disappeared bit wider tim pointed front teeth males slightly bigger front teeth females lucy peculiarity vanished exercise allometry tim predicted okay re kind believe re giving believe louis leakey hammering hammering phillip tobias homo habilis beaten believe learn quit re ahead want sure sure sure lucy problem disposed remarkably clear consistent view laetoli hadar hominids displayed characteristics despite variability size fossils samples single species size differences greater hadar laetoli place specimen fit comfortably reasonable range variation mathematically derived average individual low end adult specimens lucy half feet tall weighed sixty pounds high end individuals feet tall weighing hundred fifty pounds addition size variations individuals sex variation sexes marked jaw explained tendency shape smaller females small extremely powerful creatures bones tended thick size markings showed heavily muscled
kimbel comparison bound interesting tim sensitive richard mary leakey objection naming afarensis loring brace contention resembled africanus closely comfort remarks vein philip tobias young dart assistant professor anatomy university witwatersrand johannesburg knowing juvenile chimpanzees australopithecines humans look alike adult forms differential rates growth parts head tim reasoned site child turned distinctly taung baby case afarensis separete species strengthened delighted kimbel returned report morphological differences taxonomist trouble distinguishing kent owen lovejoy continues lucy pelvis leg bones lovejoy unusually thoughtful imaginative says live fossils twenty hours find asking increasing force questions lucy pelvis gave think spent reconstructing realized shape proportions needed explaining previous ideas pelvic shape erect walking infant development fit lucy standard explanation evolution hominid condition pelvis enlarged permit passage large brained babies pelvic girdle birth theory prospered discovery lucy humanlike apelike pelvis large brained large pelvis
potassium argon machine mass spectrometer unexpected insights dating instrument promises reveal information hominids ate jaws moved instrument scanning electron microscope microscope enlarges things dramatically thousand times desired greatest virtue lies ability provide remarkable depth field looks form high powered magnifier razor thin layer skin paramecium brought focus hairs stick totally blurred vice versa scanning electron microscope light beam electrons shorter wavelength light view paramecium round top sides hairs protruding directions sharp focus marvelous instrument lately provide enlarged views surfaces fossil hominid teeth dr alan walker johns hopkins recently concluded polishing effect finds teeth robust australopithecines modern chimpanzees australopithecines chimps fruit eaters news comes surprise learned australopithecines ground dwelling bipedal savanna creatures suggests omnivores eaten fruit undoubtedly quantities season ate berries seeds roots tubers deal dirt sand things primarily fruit eaters walker examination teeth suggests picture evolutionary path took wrong
equatorial animal living exposed savanna habitat subject certainly developing dark skin hairiness generally regarded primitive feature creature antiquity consultants feel early african hominids hairy reason dissenter completed australopithecine drawings clark howell book early chanced meet smithsonian professor joseph weiner oxford university senior physical anthropologist specialty human physical adaptation environment weiner took exception hairiness depictions transvaal australopithecines lectured persuasively hairlessness desirable adaptation sort creatures living impressed arguments later looked general works human biology cogent points data recall weiner thought hairlessness essential preadaptation hominization agile bipedal creature running tropical savanna need reduce hairy coat efficient heat loss coat thins absorbs ultraviolet radiation darkens skin melanin produced unfortunately dark skin absorbs heat turn stimulates tendencies reduction body hair development efficient sweat glands recall uniquely hominid path development instance competing primate groups baboons similar habitat size weight develop similar lines
think blackford oakes wouldn gladly change places permitted close eyes order avoid tirade yesterday request handkerchief indignantly ruled contempt court contracted features prosecutor plausibly pass closed eyes sign mortification prisoner took earphones recitation crimes jerky english female translators relieved intervals twenty minutes exactly blackford visual access clock picture lenin judges wished wristwatch absence watch compared absence reading material asked copy das kapital jailer thought calculated insolence reporting major took trouble coming upstairs office tell blackford dinner night black bread cheese lukewarm soup soup ugh boiled oakes beginning supposed carcass seditious fish species sentenced genocide prosecutor josef gorchakov early career practicing reading improvement nightmarish days struggled strain forget odd surrealistic admixture physical pain drugged consciousness insistent questioning bright light allowed briefly wonder caused body contract spasms pain electricity bug applied couldn remember
director spend hours weeks pondering ambiguities ambiguous town appointment subordinate blackford handed resignation director rose hesitation extending hand questions blackford pondered affect clerical problems pay sort thing took care automatically pay cash envelope delivered older precise materialization woodward street blackford knew managed confront month sums money annual total protracted stays abroad equivalent paymaster turn blackford thought director ask blackford intended prepared reply information need basis cheeky provocative event unnecessary director shaken hands touched button instantly door opened secretary blackford turned walked dropped central intelligence agency age thirty mind lightly probing question knock door michael knock distinctive conveyed diffidence affability quickly blackford leaped flick switch light lamps comfortable booklined room letting interrupted introspection
ottley leaned chair steiner studio intricate ligature camera carefully composed bring exactly desired angle steiner spent hours arranging lights women cooked spaghetti poured sauce steiner studied gotta look hot fritz look succulent show yellow cheese streaks running ketchup gotta look artificial substances bill care president eisenhower cares nikita khrushchev cares ahead pull stuff ya cabinets fritz baby job stay till office negative steiner busied considerable inventory powders paints plastics rubbers designing spaghetti sauce impersonate salsa del survive heat lights attrition engraving puttered opening drawers spreading artifacts table cooks standby sat end studio eating sandwiches brought watching miss brooks television business khrushchev coming ike read hans bending table obviously read read months khrushchev rants raves missiles blow ike invites big deal re going cross country america guess idea america blows think hans
director liked leap directly speak warning turned discussing brother funeral distinctive roses cardless spotted church yesterday meeting president detail rufus suppress smile director god knows brother resigned post secretary recently april waiting cancer putting waiting minute advise close members family soon die brothers home profanity notwithstanding doses subjected heaven forbid subordinates succession happened serve commanders chief director reproduce president exact language command conjugation pauses permit rufus infer exactly usual inventory expletives president intensifier situation rufus sitting window turning head slightly avoid sun rays looked director allen re asking find leak rufus find circle access minutes national security council slipping stuff soviet agent fly moscow give commander chief persists calling swords hang suspect find
sally blackford distractions ruled coincidence amanda michael agency job washington took parts returns washington inevitably amanda friend engaged relationship primarily fraternal thought entirely attraction comprehensive sally hand pressing point contradict occasional references blackford fiance reason marrying affiliation agency disapproved terms exasperatingly chic subject agency seldom left agency join ambrose gaither friends supposed wedding scheduled occasionally seen seen women arresting appearance lithe blackford met college hair glistening gray eyes alight intelligence beginning show line blue eyes danced merely sat table inevitably let eyes rest grateful moment pay obeisance biological triumph party amanda idea dearly loved track beginning january avidly speculate probable winner kentucky derby
unusual find benni desk junior draftsman left office ernie johnson switched light quarters passing benni door open grind benni thirty benni looked heap accountants pads desk smiled won ernie night johnson waved hall bennie waited ten minutes entrance door locked bolted standard operating procedure ang infrequent intervals architect secretary office occasionally happened lunch hour remaining employee encouraged bolt door guard acquisitive deterred mere keylocks benni office reached file drawer marked receipts jan april took manila folder february opened withdrew xeroxed sheets paper closely neatly typewritten material single spaced took blueprint room sheets letter paper preceding days recorded miscellaneous figures summaries expenses invoices accountant equivalent lawyer omnipresent legal pad paper question chalk white stationery firm unusually dull benni known thrifty habits niggardly firm money dull stock expensive regular writing paper fact blueprint paper roll sensitized paper blueprint machine trimmed standard
hours later blackford yawned slid carefully annotated index cards side table refrigerator brought bottle white wine opened moved sitting room slouched sofa wine sure michael occurred blackford known michael declined suggestion blackford tempted say casually suicide intensely lovable companion months constant companionship felt imperishable bond instantly recognized sarcasm person amiability thought blackford shouldn tinker finished product mutilate maintained code blackford didn gentle michael preceding travels agency imagine michael engaging kind skulduggery hurt morning eleven twelve prove critical true reynard summoned disappointed reynard morning telephone conversation genuinely excited think sebastian think shortly eleven morning blackford designated address abandoned garage mittelstrasse garage blackford key reynard waiting fifteen minutes later michael arrive loft garage clear view mittelstrasse reynard wanted anticipated place front building noon clock god hope trail hot blackford staring ceiling
blackford rose easily remember mornings bounded bed difficulty let thought entropy word getting word sounded describe condition words mind smiled adele smiling brushing teeth incompatible decided ablutions breakfast rise duty find michael prepared prepared breakfast supreme sacrifice corner restaurant buy morning paper ugh put water kettle stove wearing shirt pants stuffed overcoat rang elevator pitched cold walking newsstand picking die welt fumbled change head bowed cold turned let water boiling broke eggs tenth bar butter pan added lots salt pepper wake michael hot cup coffee hand cream sugar stirred kicked open door michael room wake romeo izza dis pretty witty michelino michelino wantsa niza cuppa coffee uh goddammit wake michael shot bed eyes unfocused blackford meditatively say half minutes saw michael took coffee
frau burri hair curlers opened door evident astonishment forgive frau burri car word window looked waning light street apparently deserted days friend touch shortly impulsively leaned gave kiss expeditious aborting conversation smiled surprise led elevator walked door blocks signaling taxi gave address blocks safe house address memorized anthony trust opened door hours later delivery van uniformed representatives freiedrich schulze spedition west berlin moving company drove empty garage opposite mittelstrasse east berlin emerged opened van driver emil complained companion think horses treat horses re supposed spare parts garage bet package weighs sixty kilos companion grunted look inside store emil opened garage door closed flashed light indication room corpses grotesquely dead lying blood emil normal voice companion max re going shove things dump stuff let big empty trunk put crap
days later quarters room turned makeshift theater screen chairs blinds drawn director fbi provided moving film sound began voices women saying morning vague garbled requests coffee camera recessed overhead tilted capture xerox desk amanda gaither feet god thought dulles reflecting renowned thoroughness hoover director central intelligence eyes ears free going sit minute minute amanda gaither hour decided give thing ten minutes leave rufus endure camera selective live discriminating operator working monitor turned camera turned according action record operator dominated camera capacities baskets labeled amanda desk director explained colored red contents designated director document instantly xeroxed original deposited red tray director office door closed document red tray deputy desk single xerox copy directly safe inserted slot designated merely date february exception nsc transcripts inserted slot marked nsc documents retrievable supervision security specialists combination locks relevant lockers
ground talked casually instructor briefing officers rattling routing data submitting customary physical question tired watertown strip located southern nevada calculated intensify diligence pilots mastered arcana watertown strip px mess hall room turned chilly march night eating put sweater walked length strip tell ended stretched seamlessly desert flat uninviting walked hour turning point barely lights cluster buildings homed took sweater sat armchair began read liberalism mind wondered fault blackford felt talk sally walked dusty corner pay telephone exasperated shook pockets change px closed telephone collect didn sally didn mind conversation introduced phrase accept collect call oakes prepitching conversation vacillated returned room wrote dear sally fortnight going whats wonder think spending weekend leave march bermuda weather wouldn ideal swimming bermuda wasn mind anyway
nichols looked watch hoover hoover nodded control cover proceed arrest walked concrete steps door fulton street rang bell street agents strategically deployed door opened slightly bald mid fifties precise movements neatly dressed wearing slacks sweater hans steiner re agents fbi warrant arrest violating espionage laws united states remain silent end ritual sentences eyebrows rose reached document wish examine agents instructed give ample opportunity read warrant document authorized search premises sealing premises pending prosecution trial hans steiner asked collect toilet articles reading matter suppose require establish innocence outrageous charges arresting official answered crisply instructions directly custody twenty minutes later hans steiner federal detention center west street hoover rufus fulton street technicians rufus desired merely feel place smell smoke bathroom ah yes burned photographed rufus knew negatives house house course searched happened searchers lucky negatives diameter typewriter dot rufus delicately returned whereever klaus recently hidden
major looked hard blackford shaved face trial bearded facial hair blonder hair head voice spring desperation major knew changing timbre voices led hundred hundred staircase cellar corner section led returned executioners guards talkative prisoners exact highly accurate idea staircase room led exact picture equipment coffin end room crematorium opposite drain floor spigot big black hose wash counterrevolutionary blood prisoner strung save guards need hold prisoner staying clear bullet trajectory overhead crossbeam twenties prisoners hanged took socialists efficiency required expeditious executions gallows humor executioner consumed minutes cavern entered coffin wheeled crematorium executed major reasoned lose forwarding mckinley request shelepin hear hear half hour forget thing thing major don merely want read put
steiner advised agent desired large suitcases attic floor brought asked released handcuffs negotiate packing especially delicate camera equipment umin steiner list books want pick library wall re area pointed umin cigar mouth began transporting books open suitcases steiner disassembled camera equipment sheets towels protect bag bag selected shoes suits wardrobe assembled closets upstairs hour bags shut locked umin insisted sealed provided tape purpose drove police car front brooklyn bridge battery holland tunnel steiner umin incapable saying began complain things general anthony took extreme pleasure causing automatic partition window limousine rise cutting umin speak cent seen complaining driver reply mcguire air force base jersey detachment drove directly constellation crew instructions inquire cargo steiner shook umin hand accepted package swiss bank notes arrangement plane took moments later umin looked driver limousine police cars speeding leaving tarmac
khrushchev accompanied general malinovsky foreign minister gromyko assorted aides interpreters arrived president de greeted escorted party large staircase ornate salon favorite dining room madame pompadour meetings french cabinet small room distinguished huge french windows pale green walls trimmed beige silk crystal gold chandelier dangling round conference table covered traditional green felt cloth khrushchev escorted end prime minister macmillan arrive seated opposite khrushchev murmured greeting khrushchev remaining seated president eisenhower brought seat khrushchev macmillan khrushchev exchanged word glance president de sat opposite eisenhower black marble fireplace ornate goldleaf decorations mantelpiece host de opened meeting asked statement khrushchev snapped yes eisenhower statement macmillan reserve comment statements de turned eisenhower chief chief government outranked khrushchev macmillan asked proceed point khrushchev began talking imagery substantially subdued reiteration press performance moscow spoke eisenhower notes prepared statement de premier debre side foreign minister couve de impassive harold macmillan hand soon looked weep
fished skiff gulf stream eighty days taking fish forty days boy forty days fish boy parents told definitely finally salao worst form unlucky boy orders boat caught fish week boy sad skiff empty help carry coiled lines gaff harpoon sail furled mast sail patched flour sacks furled looked flag permanent defeat thin gaunt deep wrinkles neck brown blotches benevolent skin cancer sun brings reflection tropic sea cheeks blotches ran sides face hands deep creased scars handling heavy fish cords scars fresh erosions fishless desert eyes color sea cheerful undefeated santiago boy climbed bank skiff hauled money taught boy fish boy loved re lucky boat stay
eat boy asked pot yellow rice fish want eat home want fire later eat rice cold cast net course cast net boy remembered sold fiction pot yellow rice fish boy knew eighty lucky number bring dressed thousand pounds cast net sardines sit sun doorway yes yesterday paper read baseball boy yesterday paper fiction brought bed perico gave bodega explained sardines mine ice share morning tell baseball yankees lose fear indians cleveland faith yankees son think dimaggio fear tigers detroit indians cleveland careful fear reds cincinnati white sox chicago study tell think buy terminal lottery eighty tomorrow eighty
rowing steadily effort speed surface ocean flat occasional swirls current letting current started light saw hoped hour worked deep wells week thought today schools bonito albacore maybe big light baits drifting current bait forty fathoms seventy fourth blue water hundred hundred twenty fathoms bait hung head shank hook inside bait fish tied sewed solid projecting part hook curve point covered fresh sardines sardine hooked eyes half garland projecting steel part hook fish feel sweet smelling tasting boy fresh small tunas albacores hung deepest lines plummets big blue runner yellow jack condition excellent sardines give scent attractiveness
looked bird liked company bird stay thought rougher going shore let fish cut quick pull getting stupid looking small bird thinking pay attention eat tuna failure strength wish boy salt aloud shifting weight line left shoulder kneeling carefully washed hand ocean held submerged minute watching blood trail steady movement water hand boat moved slowed liked hand salt water longer afraid sudden lurch fish stood braced held hand sun line burn cut flesh working part hand knew need hands cut started hand dried eat small tuna reach gaff eat comfort knelt found tuna stern gaff drew keeping clear coiled lines
told boy strange prove thousand times proved meant proving thought past wish sleep sleep dream lions thought lions main thing left don think rest gently wood think working getting afternoon boat moved slowly steadily added drag easterly breeze rode gently small sea hurt cord easily smoothly afternoon line started rise fish continued swim slightly higher level sun left arm shoulder knew fish turned east north seen picture fish swimming water purple pectoral fins set wide wings erect tail slicing dark wonder sees depth thought eye huge horse eye dark dark absolute dark cat sees
started stern hands knees careful jerk fish half asleep thought want rest pull dies stern turned left hand held strain line shoulders drew knife sheath hand stars bright saw dolphin clearly pushed blade knife head drew stern put feet fish slit quickly vent tip lower jaw put knife gutted hand scooping clean pulling gills clear felt maw heavy slippery hands slit open flying fish inside fresh hard laid side side dropped guts gills stern sank leaving trail phosphorescence water dolphin cold leprous gray white starlight skinned side held foot fish head turned skinned side cut side head tail slid carcass overboard looked swirl water light slow descent
think cheerful minute closer home sail lighter loss forty pounds knew pattern happen reached part current yes aloud lash knife butt oars tiller arm sheet sail foot unarmed breeze fresh sailed watched forward part fish hope returned silly hope thought believe sin think sin thought problems sin understanding understanding sure believe sin kill fish suppose alive feed sin think sin late paid let think born fisherman fish born fish san pedro fisherman father dimaggio liked think things involved read radio thought thinking sin
gaff oars tiller short club beaten thought club sharks death try oars short club tiller put hands water soak getting late afternoon saw sea sky wind sky soon hoped land re tired re tired inside sharks hit sunset saw brown fins coming wide trail fish water quartering scent headed straight skiff swimming side side jammed tiller sheet fast reached stern club oar handle broken oar sawed half feet length effectively hand grip handle took hold hand flexing hand watched sharks galanos let hold hit point nose straight top head thought sharks closed saw nearest open jaws sink silver side fish raised club high brought heavy slamming top broad head
asleep boy looked door morning blowing hard drifting boats going boy slept late shack morning boy saw breathing saw hands started cry quietly bring coffee road crying fishermen skiff looking lashed water trousers rolled measuring skeleton length line boy fishermen looking skiff fishermen shouted sleeping boy called care saw crying let disturb eighteen feet nose tail fisherman measuring called believe boy terrace asked coffee hot plenty milk sugar eat fish proprietor fish fine fish took yesterday damn fish boy started cry want drink kind proprietor asked boy tell bother santiago tell sorry thanks boy
close million ago campsite east shore kenya spectacular lake turkana lake rudolf primitive human picked water smoothed stone skillful strikes transformed implement accident nature piece deliberate technology fashion stick digging roots slice flesh dead animal soon discarded maker stone tool exists unbreakable link ancestors tool preserved national museums kenya nairobi heart quickening thought share genetic heritage hands shaped tool hold hands mind decided tool minds contemplate inescapable persistent element excitement search origins humanity affects professionals non professionals alike appears universal curiosity past thinking feeling cultural emerged primitive ape stock evolutionary circumstances molded ancient ape tall upright highly intelligent creature technology determination dominate question ask mere idle curiosity doubt key future lies true understanding sort animal signs awareness flickered minds distant ancestors human pre human mind pondered relationship
hearing june afternoon suggestion mankind descended apes wife bishop worcester exclaimed dear descended apes let hope true let pray generally known turns need worried descended apes share common ancestor distinction subtle offer comfort important question major intellectual revolutions humanity terms place natural occurred hundred ago polish mathematician nicolaus copernicus shattered notion earth center universe began erupt charles darwin showed mankind part nature goethe declared discoveries opinions proclaimed surely deep impression human mind science copernicus hard put choose discoveries interesting hear goethe opinion lived witness impact darwinian revolution certainly science based darwin notion steady progression complex organisms result natural selection legitimate claim greatest intellectual philosophical revolution human history millennia christian story creation granted western
prophetic descent suggestion african continent cradle mankind darwin reasoned region living mammals closely related extinct species region probable africa inhabited extinct apes closely allied gorilla chimpanzee species nearest allies probable early progenitors lived african continent current accumulation fossil evidence strongly supports darwin hunch finally proved pre human skulls unearthed rejected human evolution summer workmen neander valley steep sided gorge german city dusseldorf blasted open small cave sixty feet waters tributory rhine inside cave hacked rubble quest limestone ancient bones workers primary interest commerce antiquity bones smashed leaving skull cap fragments rest skeleton belonged known neanderthal member human family lived thirty thousand hundred thousand ago neanderthal skull type found gibraltar largely reaction neanderthal mainly revulsion owner skull diagnosed variously brutish savage race pathological idiot
human beings social animals emotionally need part group intellectually equipped understand manipulate interaction parochially personal relations politically search origins interested ancestors behavior social organization physical appearance cognitive capacity unfortunately unlike bones behavior fossilized advent technology evolutionary process things tools shelter offer tantalizing clues subject hopeless look primate cousins guidance behavior earliest ancestors factors important shaping primate societies kind adaptations animal groups develop crucial questions concerned try reconstruct social behavior ancestors look community organization higher primates stressing limitations unlikely find real insight problem urban stress instance expect find nonhuman primates model nuclear family tendency monogamy ways behaviors likely products economic systems inbuilt patterns unequivocal message studies primate societies social behavior species degree flexible fashioned extent prevailing conditions flexibility reaches peak human animal bear mind consider modern societies
farther evolutionary path travels longer period offspring depend adult baboon infants closely dependent mothers enter juvenile period lasting chimpanzees infancy lasts juveniles compare human infancy fourteen juveniles hand disparate apprenticeships follow pregnancies length period prematurity devoted learning skills sorts social rules group skills required survival member group potential food potential danger information acquired longer period pre maturity learned safe say primates social animals trait evolutionarily advantageous identified advantage possibility learning skills related social interactions resources environment argue efficient exploitation environmental resources greater knowledge formed thrust evolutionary benefit acquisition social skills enabling achieved words animal learn effectively environment part group group operate efficiently periods members cope social encounters need learn rules encounters tricky argument arguments evolutionary biology difficult distinguish prime mover inevitable secondary consequences
story human evolution million ago evolved main characters list necessarily importance hominid principal distinction descendants modern humans sure complete skeletons ancient forerunner true humans stood feet tall stood fully erect today size brain thirds average human today looking dissimilar diminutive smaller brain hominid list stockier individual standing feet tall significantly smaller brain direct ancestor smallest creature shadowy terms fossil record remarkably complete skeleton discovered recently ethiopia actors story names answering run smack thorny problems bedevilled human prehistory science underway past fossil finders frequently attached labels discoveries flimsiest anatomical nuances species genera created regard inevitable variations individuals species biological relationship species group individuals constitute separate species biologically distinct relatives include subtle important anatomical adaptations environments certainly wild interbreeding species rare
hominid collection olduvai gorge grown substantially representatives australopithecus boisei australopithecus africanus homo habilis occupied lake shore simultaneously history emerging scenario hominid evolution east africa unreasonable predict presence early homo confirmed southern africa discoveries fossil hominids africa give essential basic guidance search origins timely appearance helped galvanize theory human evolution implied evidence olduvai theory subsequently strengthened important discoveries machine change places ancestors living say million ago sharing countryside possibly hominid cousins australopithecus boisei australopithecus africanus surviving members late ramapithecus distance million ancestral human stock homo history nature gradualness biological change concede move closer closer origin homo line faced increasing problems interpreting fossils find throes diversification newly emerging species inevitably look basic ramapithecus stock
troops hominid making gradually bushes individual eating goes males females infants groups smaller eating nuts fruits grubs pick gather food carry crude container woven leaves carrying leg pig sliced fresh carcass search nuts fruit individuals carrying scavenged meat follow path fruit gathering companions eventually arrive tree shaded camp dry stream bed camp real sense occupants days sleep night move members band twos threes returning later rich mixture foods mainly plant foods small rodents occasionally bigger pieces meat scavenged pig meat comes carrion worthwhile actively searching giraffe porcupine species gazelle find menu route young gazelle actually caught alive chase unusual hominids camp dwellers social noticeably higher degree intricate interactions individuals kin able communicate combination complex sounds sophisticated considered language gestures focus camp sharing food
slept huts huddling close hearth warmth comfort area hearth clear debris bones stone underfoot interfered sleeping left crude wooden bowl lumps ochre natural red orange pigment sharpened points drawing camp dwellers drew drew decorating bodies kind springtime festival springtime camp pollen fossilized feces celebrate boy passage manhood girl menarche decorated shelter evil forces simply reasons esthetic pleasure possibilities thing avoid underestimate subtlety minds physical trend homo erectus reduction size teeth jaw muscles required operate interpreted mean advent cooking food tough demanded effort chewing sounds reasonable raises questions early humans interested fire began cook food easier answer practical benefits controlling flames early humans seen fires sweeping bush forest chance ignition
basic factor affect size bands availability food nature large animal constitutes potential prey wide area graze hunters access equally large area land adequate supply meat alive essentially nomadic moving camp times move camp local stock plants diminished lack game kung botswana instance occupy average slightly square miles person mean individuals sociable opposite camps unbelievably compact deal unavoidable personal interplay evidently wish avoid frequent contact clearly important part lives amount socializing bands astonishing practically thirds kung spent visiting visited friends relations kung camps general widely dispersed wet season summer drought set clusters permanent water holes hunt closely neighboring areas disruptive clashes territory climate availability game temporary modifications basic band unit twenty wi central kalahari live area marginal inhabited neighbors kung inches rain survive standing water
diet kung roughly meat thirds plant foods kung luck live abundance mongongo nut high protein food kung eat hundred nuts calories grams protein equivalent pound steak nuts resistant drought constitute diet amount secure stable food source kung remarked plant crops mongongo nuts rest plant food mixture fruit berries melons roots bulbs meat comes mainly warthogs kudu duiker steenbok wildebeest spring hare guinea fowl mammals birds small fascinating kung food supply collected hunter gatherer societies generally hunting occasionally collect plant foods passing report women location sources fruits berries noted hunting expeditions undertaken enthusiasm success hunters pairs delight meat brought camp appears mind return empty handed frequently happens plenty mongongo nuts hunting kung turns fulltime occupation average game half days week working hours amounts nineteen hours week total falls short arduous
talk young baby curious thing happening arm waving gurgling engaging stare coax smile solemn adult baby body ripples tiny coordinated muscular movements detected specially sensitive electronic equipment extraordinary response recently discovered powerful demonstration firmly language rooted human brain baby constellation tiny imperceptible movements generated brain result sound uttered admiring adult astonishing reflection inevitable discovery exactly phenomenon occurs permutation nationality baby adult american infant responds sounds chinese russian french exactly english language spoken language latest step certainly significant evolution human brain ability communicate verbally raises possibilities infant education fertile levels incomparable vehicle development transmission culture rich cultural tradition mute animals consistent pattern physical modification environment woven form gestural communication spoken language magnifies immeasurably potential subleties cultural organization glance rich spectrum multitudinous cultures vary country country neighboring villages confirms flexibility inherent language
females engage large scale hunting lesser degree development spatial skills women certainly proficient hunters crucial trick hunting approaching close prey indulging arduous chase question women contemporary hunter gatherer communities hunters answer inescapably found child bearing biological role women course stuck period early infancy child suckles breast kung dobe area mother suckle child age woman pregnant suckling child able engage hunting trips probable obligation bearing rearing children reproductive kung noted period close childhood dependency corresponds frequency women babies woman society expect children due reasons high rate infant mortality small number women band means population decline produce rear quota offspring importance hunting establishing social structure activity skillful hunter attract admiration meat product importance meat especially palatable nutritious vital cultural interchange individuals bands bands
mixed economy hunting gathering brings efficient exploitation resources environment sharpens edge social interactions enhance adaptability human animal evolutionary forces favored development single important factor emergence mankind cooperation essential element success piece social behavior motivation cooperate group effort direct legacy nature human evolution insist blind cooperation universal aspect human behavior course negate flexibility independence human mind readily tapped tendency group identification group endeavor communities social rules customs stuff culture provide framework groupness expressed rules customs communities vary ethnic groups express identification material channels decoration domestic architecture goal sense belonging contributing group experience urge extend need accepted group small school college local community supporting national sports team tens thousands fans argue urge group identification root conflict seen war inclined rally round flag fight country
future human species depends crucially things relationships relationship study human origins offer important emphasis view issues species individual earth member homo sapiens sapiens geographical variations peoples simply biological nuances basic theme human capacity culture permits elaboration widely colorful ways deep differences cultures seen divisions cultures interpreted ultimate declaration belonging human species truism say politics international follows attempt achieve term stability humanity global determination intention suggest global politics run government machinery wish suggest acceptance oneness human race real spirit brotherhood political machinery sophisticated grind halt deep human drive cooperation lends achieve aim human propensity group cooperation past harnessed wage war nations imperative basic drive channeled global effort rescue humanity evolutionary perspective place history earth reminds homo sapiens sapiens occupied planet tiniest fraction planet half thousand million
truth universally acknowledged single possession fortune want wife known feelings views entering neighbourhood truth fixed minds sourrounding families considered rightful property daughters dear bennet lady heard netherfield park let bennet replied returned mrs told bennet answer want cried wife impatiently want tell objection hearing invitation dear mrs says netherfield young large fortune north england monday chaise place delighted agreed morris immediately possession michaelmas servants house end week bingley married single single dear sure single large fortune thousand fine thing girls affect dear bennet replied wife tiresome thinking marrying
jane elizabeth cautious praise bingley expressed sister admired young humoured lively saw happy manners ease perfect breeding handsome replied elizabeth young likewise possibly character complete flattered asking dance expect compliment difference compliments surprise natural asking help seeing times pretty woman room thanks gallantry certainly agreeable give leave liked stupider person dear lizzy deal apt general fault agreeable eyes heard speak ill human wish hasty censuring speak think makes wonder sense honestly blind follies nonsense affectation candour common meets
clock ladies retired dress half past elizabeth summoned dinner civil inquiries poured pleasure distinguishing superior solicitude bingley favourable answer jane means sisters hearing repeated times grieved shocking bad cold excessively disliked ill thought matter indifference jane immediately restored elizabeth enjoyment original dislike brother party regard complacency anxiety jane evident attentions pleasing prevented feeling intruder believed considered notice miss bingley engrossed darcy sister scarcely hurst elizabeth sat indolent lived eat drink play cards found prefer plain dish ragout say dinner returned directly jane miss bingley began abusing soon room manners pronounced bad mixture pride impertinence conversation style taste beauty mrs hurst thought added short recommend excellent walker
give opinion wickham agreeable qualified form known fair judge impossible impartial believe opinion general astonish express strongly family word say say house neighbourhood netherfield liked hertfordshire disgusted pride find favourably spoken pretend sorry wickham short interruption estimated deserts believe happen blinded fortune consequence frightened high imposing manners sees chooses seen slight acquaintance ill tempered wickham shook head wonder opportunity speaking likely country longer heard going netherfield hope plans favour shire affected neighbourhood driven darcy wishes avoid seeing
going introduce darcy entreat pardon earlier believe lady catherine nephew power assure ladyship yesterday se elizabeth tried hard dissuade scheme assuring darcy consider addressing introduction impertinent freedom compliment aunt notice side belong darcy superior consequence begin acquaintance collins listened determined air inclination ceased speaking replied dear miss elizabeth highest opinion excellent judgment matters scope understanding permit say wide difference established forms ceremony laity regulate clergy give leave observe consider clerical office equal point dignity highest rank kingdom provided proper humility behaviour maintained allow follow dictates conscience occasion leads perform look point duty pardon neglecting profit advice subject constant guide case consider fitted education habitual study decide young lady
collins left silent contemplation successful love mrs bennet dawdled vestibule watch end conference sooner saw elizabeth open door quick steps pass staircase entered breakfast room congratulated warm terms happy prospect nearer connection collins received returned felicitations equal pleasure proceeded relate particulars interview result trusted reason satisfied refusal cousin steadfastly naturally flow bashful modesty genuine delicacy character information startled mrs bennet glad equally satisfied daughter meant encourage protesting proposals dared believe help saying depend collins added lizzy brought reason speak directly headstrong foolish girl interest pardon interrupting madam cried collins headstrong foolish altogether desirable wife situation naturally looks happiness marriage actually persists rejecting suit force accepting liable defects temper contribute felicity
object journey interesting elizabeth spirits enjoyment seen sister looking banish fear health prospect northern tour constant source delight left high road lane hunsford eye search parsonage turning expected bring view paling rosings park boundary side elizabeth smiled recollection heard inhabitants length parsonage discernible garden sloping road house standing green pales laurel hedge declared arriving collins charlotte appeared door carriage stopped small gate led short gravel walk house amidst nods smiles party moment chaise rejoicing sight mrs collins welcomed friend liveliest pleasure elizabeth satisfied coming found affectionately received saw instantly cousin manners altered marriage formal civility detained minutes gate hear satisfy inquiries family delay pointing neatness entrance house soon parlour welcomed ostentatious formality humble abode punctually repeated wife offers refreshment
elizabeth ramble park unexpectedly meet darcy felt perverseness mischance bring brought prevent happening took care inform favourite haunt occur odd wilful ill nature voluntary penance occasions merely formal inquiries awkward pause actually thought turn walk deal give trouble talking listening struck course rencontre asking odd unconnected questions pleasure hunsford love solitary walks opinion mrs collins happiness speaking rosings perfectly understanding house expect kent staying words imply colonel fitzwilliam thoughts supposed meant mean allusion arise quarter distressed glad find gate pales opposite parsonage engaged walked re jane letter dwelling passages proved jane written spirits surprised darcy saw looking colonel fitzwilliam meeting
pronounced words darcy changed colour emotion short listened attempting interrupt continued reason think ill motive excuse unjust ungenerous part acted dare deny principal means dividing exposing censure caprice instability derision disappointed hopes involving misery acutest kind paused saw slight indignation listening air proved wholly unmoved feeling remorse looked smile affected incredulity deny repeated assumed tranquility replied wish denying power separate friend sister rejoice success kinder elizabeth disdained appearance noticing civil reflection meaning escape likely conciliate merely affair continued dislike founded place opinion decided character unfolded recital received months ago wickham subject say imaginary act friendship defend misrepresentation impose eager interest gentleman concerns darcy tranquil tone heightened colour
elizabeth rejoiced wickham departure found satisfaction loss regiment parties abroad varied home mother sister constant dullness threw real gloom domestic circle kitty regain natural degree sense disturbers brain removed sister disposition greater evil apprehended likely hardened folly assurance situation double danger watering place camp found found event looked forward impatient desire taking place bring satisfaction promised period commencement actual felicity point wishes hopes fixed enjoying pleasure anticipation console present prepare disappointment tour lakes object happiest thoughts consolation uncomfortable hours discontentedness mother kitty inevitable included jane scheme part perfect fortunate thought wish arrangement complete disappointment carrying ceaseless source regret sister absence reasonably hope expectations pleasure realized
elizabeth settled darcy bring sister visit reaching pemberley resolved sight inn morning conclusion false morning arrival lambton visitors walking place friends returned inn dress dining family sound carriage drew window saw gentleman lady curricle driving street elizabeth immediately recognising livery guessed meant imparted small degree surprise relations acquainting honour expected uncle aunt amazement embarrassment manner spoke joined circumstance circumstances preceding opened idea business suggested felt accounting attentions quarter supposing partiality niece newly born notions passing heads perturbation elizabeth feelings moment increasing amazed discomposure disquiet dreaded partiality brother favour commonly anxious naturally suspected power pleasing fail retreated window fearful seen walked room endeavouring compose saw looks inquiring surprise uncle aunt worse
elizabeth deal disappointed finding letter jane arrival lambton disappointment renewed mornings spent repining sister justified receipt letters marked missent elizabeth surprised jane written direction remarkably ill preparing walk letters uncle aunt leaving enjoy quiet set missent attended written days ago beginning contained account parties engagements news country afforded half dated later written evident agitation gave important intelligence effect writing dearest lizzy occurred unexpected nature afraid alarming assured say relates poor lydia express twelve night bed colonel forster inform scotland officers truth wickham imagine surprise kitty wholly unexpected sorry imprudent match sides willing hope character misunderstood thoughtless indiscreet easily believe step let rejoice marks bad heart
carriage remained door elizabeth saw waiting woman proceeded silence gravel walk led copse elizabeth determined effort conversation woman insolent disagreeable think nephew looked face soon entered copse lady catherine began manner loss miss bennet understand reason journey heart conscience tell elizabeth looked unaffected astonishment mistaken madam able account honour seeing miss bennet replied ladyship angry tone trifled insincere choose find character celebrated sincerity frankness moment certainly depart report alarming nature reached days ago told sister point advantageously married miss elizabeth bennet likelihood soon united nephew nephew darcy scandalous falsehood injure suppose truth instantly resolved setting place sentiments known
walked lucases kitty wished call maria elizabeth saw occasion making general concern kitty left boldly moment resolution executed courage high immediately darcy selfish creature sake giving relief feelings care wounding longer help thanking unexampled kindness poor sister known anxious acknowledge gratefully feel known rest family merely gratitude express sorry exceedingly sorry replied darcy tone surprise emotion informed mistaken light uneasiness think mrs gardiner trusted blame aunt lydia thoughtlessness betrayed concerned matter course rest till knew particulars let thank family generous compassion induced trouble bear mortifications sake discovering thank replied let wish giving happiness add force inducements led attempt deny family owe respect believe thought elizabeth embarrassed say word
happy maternal feelings mrs bennet rid deserving daughters delighted pride visited mrs bingley talked mrs darcy guessed wish say sake family accomplishment earnest desire establishment children produced happy effect amiable informed woman rest lucky husband relished domestic felicity unusual form occasionally nervous invariably silly bennet missed daughter exceedingly affection drew oftener home delighted going pemberley especially expected bingley jane remained netherfield twelvemonth vicinity mother meryton relations desirable easy temper affectionate heart darling wish sisters gratified bought estate neighbouring county derbyshire jane elizabeth addition source happiness thirty miles kitty material advantage spent chief elder sisters society superior generally known improvement ungovernable temper lydia removed influence lydia proper attention management irritable ignorant insipid disadvantage lydia society course carefully mrs wickham frequently invited stay promise balls young father consent going
city known revolution greek revolutions bitter cities deeply athens persisted respect rule impersonal law equals greek cities socrates frog pond idea democracy emerged history political conflict widened social confidence remarkably subtle live sovereign athens held fast form sanely balanced checks controls extended common adult male citizens equal law earthly affairs applied understanding universe eastern cultures egypt china scribes doctors merely compiled lists facts centuries greeks composed arguments explained pattern facts general laws scientific thought born greek city open debates ethics separated religion truth sacred texts bolder mathematics greeks led architecture simpler harmony left poets playwrights classical athens score masters lyric verse towering homer left historians literature live awkward fact known poet west comfortably greeks civilize romans worse throws challenge century side alexander exposed truth truth lost thousand undervalued
legendary alexanders iran syria future passed southward syriac translations christian traders knowledge sharp edged stories current jews teachers south arabian peninsula century later show section koran revealed muhammed exile medina muhammad alludes theme horned prophet journey point seas meet moses alexander discovered immortality accident presence faint echoes romance gave free rein later muslim commentators identified alexander horned prophet forerunner muhammad courts medieval islam ninth tenth centuries fame rivaled prestige persian society persian scribes passed stories arab colleagues relished proof persians defeated outsiders early arabic version alexander romance happens survive translated syriac eighth century stories spanned overlapping worlds literature oral tradition fairy tales victorian europe islamic traders spread faith sudan malaya south china carried koran fame legendary alexander spread romance route marco polo later retraced islam alexander hand hand fourteenth century romances alexander encouraged epic poems supposed exploits caspian pyrenees poems thousands lines conceived greek spanish french courtly persian nizami
invasion asia required peace obedience city states rear conspire persians force philip return invading asia philip trespass freedoms vital interests city athenians trade routes dependencies realist fight athenians home ground twenty diplomacy tried conceal realities ready halfway reign peace alliance sworn athens philip descendants seen intended base peaceful greek settlement philip interval finish barbarian frontiers turned north assault promoted local upheaval greece order pin athens stages absence peace fail excessive demands politicians temporary peace start exposed end athens joined neighbor thebes stand philip power philip retained greek allies friends families thessaly chaeronea forced fight major city states follow victory invading sparta lesser greek neighbors welcomed actions freedoms greece freedoms city states died forever foreign priorities alexander grown childhood took granted asia macedon grand ambition diplomacy southern greece delaying counter veiled realities
centuries reckoning thirty generations themes homer poems contact facts alexander setting theme style contents philip tomb burial mound cremation wrapping clean bones royal robe golden casket probable sacrifice horses murderers dead king pyre attributes ancient funeral homer heroes tomb philip buried group finely worked silver cups pitchers competitive drinking macedonian court famous banquets king homer heroes dined retinue royal companions philip thirteen weapons huge shields grave spear points belong famous macedonian spears philip army observers philip compared speared army homer greek heroes troy royal homeric splendor archaic iron breastplate gold ornament gold handled swords known earlier macedonian burial local nobleman bear common social customs ancient macedon coult wear proper belt killed enemy battle homer iliad bring spoils corpse killed battle highest prayer mother son macedon recline dinner killed boar hunting outer painting philip tomb stands head mass macedonian monuments hunting hacking deers spearing lions
centuries persians inventive rulers learned readily subject peoples court style king built royal myths supernatural context previous empires mesopotamia persians literature language everyday government foreign scribes interpreters employed swap written messages languages persian spoke technical arts architecture medicine sailing warfare staffed foreign experts group needed moved physically live king required loosenesses compounded palace susa week usual rates month aegean coast center trained standing army balanced units king palace guards greeks called immortals satraps garrisons points colonists moved corners empire village return service called mercenaries banned satrapies grand army took king summon relied goodwill governors emigres nobles client allies dynasts units exercised climate social style noble rule led solid class infantry troops foot hired greeks large persian invasion open secret greeks fleets aegean mobile relying call phoenician cypriot kings access naval goods egypt regularly revolt
homeric rivalry publicity greek invader asia sixty earlier spartan king agesilaus tried repeat ceremony king agamemnon bound similar asian campaign greek rivals broken attempt play homer hero poems merely alluded myth trojan war reached asia theme tried visit troy alexander trojan pilgrimage rode army road homer iliad callisthenes explain venture mattered personally strategy stand pay respects heroic ideal involving closest friend detailed ceremony returning seek enemies search alexander build actions bedrock personal expression driving image trojan pilgrimage enemy seek satraps western asia prepared return invaders twenty miles alexander camp divided council war reports reason later reach alexander historians option retreating burning crops alexander path urged general memnon greek rhodes wife barsine alexander future mistress lived exile philip pella returning persian king backed twenty thousand greek mercenaries mercenaries serving alexander crusading army
phase began suddenly midday tyrian ships sailed island hoping alexander surprise tyrians lost vessels prompt counterattack histories ascribe alexander short food doubt short ships chance encounter ripe final assault characteristically alexander planned fall points backed balance weapons rams artillery breached walls battering ships shield bearers honor pouring siege towers drawbridges captain died battlements alexander led wave person astride walls homeric armor speared stabbed attackers hurling sea tyrians stand city shrine god melkarth averted alexander promise safety surrendered patriotic tyrians put death crucifixions specialty king azemilk spared surrender led specious restoration flanked suitable garrison denied troops alexander dedicated melkarth catapult breached tyre walls knew dead persians naval power broken forever advance south egypt leaving darius muster grand army land sole remaining outlet histories siege tyre attracted rhetoric times blind eye mishaps held alexander stressed urging workers ramming tyrian ships bestriding battlements
callisthenes picture scene citadel known outline later quotation remains base understanding central moment search alexander priest shrine story ran allowed alexander enter temple usual attire change clothing listen giving oracles alexander inside shrine oracles words delphi miletus part nods signs homer son cronos spoke nodded assent dark brows prophet answered zeus putting words tell king expressly son zeus outline filled cautious details common accounts precise eyewitness agreement implies callisthenes set scene fully fitting general picture exempted alexander changing clothes priest clearly aware high status word spread siwah egypt conquering king odds visit temple pharaohs familiar siwah patronage presence ruler egypt seen place steps lead temple gateway stands open courtyard size
mile enemy alexander prepared means attack battle gaugamela bears honest witness histories impossibility writing true military history enemy engaged eyes contestants nearly blinded thick clouds dust action agreed raised witnessed cavalry charge dry weather indian maidan noted soldier alexander modern students written able picture dust gaugamela occasion writer remembers visibility reduced yards dust swirls alexander intentions outline tactics side field consult official list persian lineup later captured spoils rest callisthenes left later stories prowess personal malice customary focus alexander turbans sarissas main engagement place search truth opening tactic clear macedonian line moved full speed handed slant extend persian left wing angled advance drew persian left cover hastily took companions wide obstacles laid ground persians covering movement led fast moving scythian horse crack troops ended outflanking companions wing turning macedonian line diverted cavalry unit deceived rare combination horse foot brigade alexander guards wing
ptolemy presumably say gave speeches philotas alexander space forced arrian omit details turn agreed tradition known sources plot say centered dimnus associates philotas tried tortured alexander prince lyncestis brought arrest borne put death eyewitness named informers leading actors rhetoric version roman curtius factual detail fits plausibly help fill ptolemy outline arrian adding correcting belonging principled search truth plot hatched macedonians known participant revealed brother pledging secrecy brother told philotas philotas told saw alexander brother straight alexander list names original informer killed talking philotas tried denounced eventually put death public manner shot javelins crushed stones silence days deemed criminal killed philotas father chance hamadan aging parmenion access twenty thousand farah hamadan countryside secure bessus satibarzanes return prey dissension thousand veteran macedonian infantry argued despite arrian reached alexander camp
distinguish important job important job close friend alexander found abandoned satrapy power excitement lay patronage court boasting hand combat barbarians rivalry favor king perdiccas craterus hephaistion intimates mattered sixteen thousand class troops bactria harry scyths nomads veteran cleitus satrap balkh squeezed shared veteran dislike orientals job east demeaning taking cups slighted alexander victim reached bowl apples pelted heavily drunk alexander reached sword bodyguard removed alexander bawled shield bearers macedonian dialect source especial alarm trumpeter refused order sound alarm punched face cleitus left room return risk story apologetic ran implied caused death left room view alexander seized spear ran spot excuses soon found court historians cleitus persistence blamed wrath god dionysus alexander chasing rebels vile climate home morale slighting failures satire protected homeric regard personal fame title rival achilles inspire cleitus risen high seistan reasons moment
indian contacts autumn suggested problems alexander informed usual bessus aides captured sasigupta refugee rajah punjab explained local roads personalities stressed menace indian armies weak infantry primitive weapons feared elephant drugged goaded armed tusk elephant scared horses weaknesses took finding alexander anxious order troupe soon conquests elephant find battlefields mediterranean spiked starved hamstrung tough service sparsely watered terrain remains alexander lasting legacy greek warfare greeks belong belongs credit invention howdah main road ran east bactria pivotal town taxila sited indus rajah ambhi hindu kush promised submit sasigupta confirmed alexander suspicions army divide main part hephaistion khyber pass due east road plains indus lands ranked persian satrapy gandhara obstacle proved ancient city lotus modern charsadda set prominent mounds side intervening river ambhi taxila guarantee governor loyalty siege month sufficed reduction tough month hephaistion autumn weather round charassada river intolerably humid shortens tempers rots food
diaries present party medeios episode larger stress fever night nearly fortnight emphasis suited case accused poisoning king diaries show died drink fever friendly picture fits neatly known poisoning rumor later history olympias antigonus eyed turned story cassander son antipater friends cassander later look statue alexander later feeling faint alexander alleged quarreled hot temper famous father friends aristotle school aristotle pupils charged antigonus poisoning alexander antigonus rumors forced leading aristotelian leave athens refuge egypt cassander discovered diaries father papers published secretaries names aristotelians helped put memories babylon times places words alexander claimed poisoned declined drinking unmixed wine callisthenes fellow scorned boldly diaries bulletin meant prove deceived plutarch arrian modern historians based facts alexander reign extravagant views diaries scope authority honesty expected diaries appeared alive remembered glimpse king diaries slant parts picture accurate facts widely witnessed
alexander impact approached fate final plans known arrian chance allusions awesome derived contemporary read army babylon temples rumored plans built neat guess builder enormous mound royal tombs found aigai mind plan alexander pyramid philip tomb greatest pyramid egypt double mound unique antiquity king antigonus ii friend historian owe report alexander plans babylon plans dockyards conquests arabia north africa unthinkable age civil war style warfare philip alexander greatest legacy proved elephant howdahs seen terrain sparse unnatural peloponnesian greece presence summed wide horizons discoveries alexander career setting route east india slightly fortunate persian gulf colonized phoenicians alexander final plan caspian sea explored coastal route india persisted centuries greek discovery monsoon winds allowed direct journey aden india skirting persian gulf kings wore diadem pretended alexander legacy generation arose able resolved excel parents antigonus son demetrius nearest union youth vaunting ambition ended parochially broken
wall contact greek culture natives cities explains external traces survived ending greek rule political setting late century greek influence seen lettering central asian alphabets patterns silver plates bowls paintings shrines oxus ossuaries steppe nomads city plans tribal dynasts greek settlers families survived mid century tribal ruler bactria find excellent greek palamedes buildings turned glorious hill terrace surkh khotal hindu kush fire temple contact west begun complicate picture running east alexander planned sea route egypt alexandria river indus palamedes western art materials alexandria reaching punjab buddhist patrons trade route greek rule necklaces hellenistic courtesan adorning statuettes plump indian women found alexandria caucasus charassada besieged hephaistion housed sculptured head greek civic goddess fortune topped turreted crown faint hints themes contemporary art roman alexandria show setting earliest representations buddha carved relief palamedes greeks resident spot
planners paris fair wanted spectacular crystal palace paxton triumph capped horizontal building decided build tower tallest manmade object earth topping installation present radio tv masts feet doubt biblical suggestion consciously fair embrace nations central metaphor tower babel tower embodied socially deeper metaphors theme fair manufacture transformation dynamics capital simple ownership meant illustrate triumph present past victory industrial landed wealth represented essential economic difference republic ancien regime brilliant centrepiece structure turned ownership land occupied unowned previously useless space sky huge vertical extrusion tiny patch earth surface demonstrate power process buy land la france moderne undertake conquest air fair commissioners turned engineer architect design tower decision symbolic prestige arts architects official voice gustave eiffel fifty peak career took job managed infuse structure singular richness meaning remote inspiration human figure tower imagined benevolent colossus planted spread legs middle paris
art student knows whores picasso painting liked final title wanted call avignon brothel whorehouse carrer barcelona visited student days painting originally meant allegory venereal disease entitled wages sin original studies plate narrative clear centre sailor carousing brothel left medical student picasso represented studies portrait entering skull spanish reminder mortality vanitas vanitatum omnia vanitas sunt final painting nudes left formal aspect favourite painting memorably captured degas lautrec parade moment prostitutes house display client picks leaving client picasso turns viewer voyeur stares girls concentrated looking painting putting viewer client sofa picasso transmits overwhelming force sexual anxiety real subject les demoiselles gaze women interrogatory indifferent remote stones faces left fact derived archaic iberian stone heads picasso seen louvre expressions construed welcoming let coquettish judges houris les demoiselles announces recurrent subthemes picasso art fear amounting holy terror women
painted memory italy big canvas scene node associations fragmentary charged intense evocative power attempted set jerky swooping rhythms edwardian pop music jagged shapes nervous pink petticoats tossing wedges purple skirt stiffly embroidered catch light crumpled face presumably drunk monocle boiled shirt lettering gay twinkling national pennants american french japanese course italian slung background sexual joke naked girl unrecorded cabaret act descending wires sitting astride huge pair scissors looks machine slightly control machine plaisir reflecting frenetic marionette quality public entertainment artists beginning discern mass culture means european artists war felt simple optimism machine futurists clung saw threatening dehumanizing idea creations rise eventually destroy fundamental myths generated industrial revolution early memorable form fiction mary shelley frankenstein century later gave jacob epstein idea vorticist sculpture rock drill plate sort bronze arthropod mounted legs bit penis pneumatic drill epstein later wrote sinister armoured figure today tomorrow human terrible frankenstein monster transformed
tendencies russian art constructivism closest leninist ideal dialects concrete mysticism articulation materials primitivism modernity modernity rivets celluloid aeroplane wings stress resolved frames swallowed mass static figure dynamic unfolding forces art creators hoped open initiated souls class distinctions artist artisan architect engineer merged general conception art production influential constructivists vladimer tatlin trained icon painter sailor marine carpenter metiers fed sculpture meant working heterogeneous impure materials contrast painted surface silver gold applique icons muscular practical substances wood iron wire tar copper shipyards combine didactic ideal art proletarian material tatlin thought means picasso sculptures wood cardboard bent tin seen visit paris picasso constructed sculptures especially guitar plate radical change sculpture invention bronze casting emphasis shifted mass plane lump cell sculpture closed volume sculpture open assembly margit rowell pointed tatlin share picasso ends regarded picasso sculptures generally genre tainted bourgeois conventions chief image private property western art
seurat prodigy thirty died artists find style young seurat found lucid classical styles developed fifteenth century based dot unit impressionism brush stroke fat thin clean smeared streaky squidgy transparent unpredictable form allied drawing direction intuitively mixed conform facts sight seurat wanted stable child late nineteenth century positivism scientific optimism thanks periodic table elements knew constituent parts reality building blocks matter dissect sight minutest particles construct objective grammar seeing seurat believed theory based scientific studies colour analysis visual perception influenced law simultaneous colour contrast eugene chevreul local colour chevreul shown mixed eye spot pure colour gave retineal impression halo complementary orange rimmed blue instance red green purple yellow interference aureoles meant colour neighbour colour perception matter interaction web connected events simple presentation hue eye seurat resolved explicit making colour patches tiny reducing dots pointillism stippled side side dots grew millions coral polyps tiny creatures coalesced stiff deposit composed reef form
artist paint tahiti scot william hodges captain cook unlike gauguin cannily gave painting england banker late nineteenth century idea noble savage living blissful innocence fruitful bosom nature fantasies european thought tahiti imagined proof existence paradise french colony mail services amenities diet breadfruit jack proved monotonous switch gauguin ruinous cost canned sardines imported beaujolais moved circles advanced french poetry painting wild pet symbolists younger artists maurice denis emile bernard gauguin hatred city bourgeois culture increased point suffocation believed primitive blood grandmother bastard half peruvian woman vast militant energy wore spreading socialist propaganda french provinces gauguin liked hint traces martinique slave ancestry saw romantic survival hero instinct displaced cafes salons longed break france provoked escape paris exposition peruvian mummy myriad exhibits plate gauguin identified withered ur relative incorporating hunched body paintings woodcuts image ominous age boasted number transplanted native villages parts french empire cochin china morocco tahiti
real shapes future developing america seen primary forms industrial buildings warehouses docks cylindrical grain elevators essence architectural distinct engineering modernism lay chicago fire razed commercial centre city stop chicago rising goods exchange money pump midwest architects sensing opportunities christopher wren fire london seeking found blank slate sense chicago traditions polish interest brawling hog gut city rule urban development grab block screw neighbour intoxicating rawness sense big things big word chicagoans crudest rawest savagely ambitious dreamers doers wrote louis henry sullivan sullivan general agreement giant chicago building precursors modernist architecture invented load bearing steel frame worked shaped aesthetic functional content mastery basic idea steel frame building existed wood called balloon frame lightness compared style post timber construction advent technologies sawmills capable turning north american forests endless supply sized timber manufactured nail
lyric poet idea influenced cities worse sydney zagreb charles edouard jeannert nickname le corbusier crowlike doubtless referred taut beaky frame inquisitive eye harsh carking absolutism argument suit corbusier level single building brilliantly gifted architects lived bramante vanbrugh twentieth centurty scale town plan relentlessly absolutist combination swiss clockmaker cartesian philosopher roi soleil manifesto town planning city tomorrow illustration engraving louis xiv ordering construction invalides accompanied corbusier remark despot conceived immense projects realized capable saying wish pleasure nostalgic identification corbusier admire louis despotism swept zoning laws rights private property impeded construction exemplary jerusalem la villa radieuse radiant city designer history architecture possessed idea corbusier tragedy idea fulfilled sure corbusier disappointment grave begun compare misery social dislocation radiant city inflicted inhabitants built corbusier voisin plan developed schemes rationalization paris
paintings move utopian city plans architects partly doubt space art ideal fiction things decay walk painting walks street building paintings incorruptible real rudiments paradise building blocks system relationship bodies ocular perception colour architecture design hand body unredeemed body complete respect body social memory stands thing workable humane architecture classics utopian planning look inhuman absurd ceased point social pretensions longer credible believes progress perfectibility believes masterbuilders formgivers need major city preferably paris social rationalization quod fecerunt barbari fecerunt barberini wrote nameless wag urban vii let bernini strip bronze sheathing pantheon barbarians didn barberini corbusier war paris tradition architects waged cities producing zones tower blocks deserted walkways collective face modern mass housing
extreme form sadeian imagery surrealist art hans bellmer obsession young girl caused erotic dummy articulated ball socket joints called simply doll limbs splayed bent combined excellent vehicle images sexual fantasy centered rape violence plate bellmer took photographs settings room corner alley bush looked police evidence shots crime doll infinitely pornographic manipulated abandoned look summed surrealist image woman beautiful victim hard exaggerate importance surrealism irrationalist imagery mythology sexual violence memorable images created picasso member surrealist circle rightly admired surrealism sense metamorphosis sexual hostility artist rubens entranced women based art completely female figure picasso rapturous sexuality vollard suite paintings marie walter chapter obverse anguish misogyny picassos late twenties early thirties picasso art confessors incapable hiding felt intensity project fear women seen les demoiselles avignon unmatched contemporaries paintings seated bather plate raised frightening pitch feeling process produced deformations innocuous body witch killing defensiveness
promised liberation mind compare real liberation europe art literature publication exhibitions patronage debate began stir brutally enforced hibernation clear surrealism dead issue paris presence reason simple surrealists run postwar french passed realm visual arts largely dominated stayed stuck occupation impossible andre breton claim moral authority jean paul sartre albert camus giacometti hand emerged exemplary figures postwar france basis surrealist disowned standing walking figures gaunt frames knobby ravaged skin wiry solitude immensities space generated etiolation visual metaphor existentialist widespread feeling affirmation substance act grating rubble values destroyed uprooted war form rudiments consciousness imagery survival decency sake allude wistfully ordered satisfactions traditional french landscape pleasure started basic protein art clotted lump paint grew mode abstract painting thick soupy decor known tachisme french answer abstract expressionism nurtured career jean dubuffet notable artist irrational france
prewar vienna leading expressionist painter occasional playwright oskar kokoschka grown early student influence jugendstil decorative art imbricated beetle wing surfaces gustav paintings kokoschka saw van struck searching declarative intensity portraits portraits introspective young fragile emotional balance contemporary freud schonberg living morbidly regarding atmosphere viennese modernism paintings apt traumatic effect result kokoschka series black portraits created gallery intellectuals artists patrons neurotically particularized worked dissected surpass previous attempts psychological portraiture van portrait adolf loos plate artist sitter accomplice giving architect face socially mask admitting shared neurosis twisting insinuating brush strokes suggest complicity loos kokoschka intimate mutual outsidership times portraits lotte franzos duchess de montesquieu kokoschka paint surface took transparent dithering quality character caught sensitive exposed clear inspection kokoschka affair formidable alma mahler widow composer gustav mahler future wife walter gropius franz werfe inspired paint tempest bride wind plate inspired overstatement kokosschka bring painting size intensity skirts absurdity almsot daemonic edge
courbet relished reputation matched egotism courbetist memorably snapped asked school painting adhered painting true unique artist century students drivellers artist set firmly reigning taste jacques louis david stronger sense political mission unlike salon artists courbet capable lavishing enormous trouble doomed immediately comprehensible message pitched size official history painting masterpiece studio artist subtitled real allegory setting span artistic gallons ink flowed argument meaning real allegory plan courbet judgement division sheep goats artist easel activists called say friends workers lovers art included proudhon baudelaire art critic champfleury left misery poverty wealth exploited exploiters batten death pick allegorical figures states touched revolutionary urges personified populist leaders hungary kossuth poland kosciuszko italy garibaldi fact courbet mason contributed obscurities studio
saw eclipse art movements word movement curators device generalization idea mainstream inevitable course history continued haunt declining remained dealers gimmick prodding market lending historical weight art pop find movement bush dialect indistinguishable aesthetics detroit palmier days auto industry dynamic obsolescence styling package novelty art resulted contained nostalgic flashbacks older authentic modernist hopes deal rhetoric surrounded mechanized kinetic art sixties replay utopian manifestos issued germany russia twenties kineticism told supplant forms art activity consign easel painting elephants graveyard history sculpture moved programmed involve audience field dull coordinates height width depth ordinary dimensions art experience unfolding fourth dimension forge link technology art giving urgency sense images involving spectator matrix setting frame happen future present offer shiny chrome plated toys artists julio le nicolas schoffer whirred flickered eggbeaters amphetamine plate broke reverted looking hammacher schlemmer versions russian constructivism
contrast american product apt earnestness short style fact painters staking claim attention revived tradition making incursions showed temper art swung clear meet standards tradition demanded efforts tended quality blurting declamation alfred leslie huge pastiches caravaggio david simply inert tonal figure painting ploddingly drawn notable exception virtue cold laboured approach studio nude philip pearlstein pearlstein paintings seductive naked bodies edited cropped canvas edge asserts formal neutrality objects paint surface brusque matter fact sign la belle matiere colour dry works female nude platform rocker plate remarkable intensity visual argument pearlstein drawing records knob boss plane flesh utmost objectivity mass body analyzed sculptural presence mannerism displays perceptible vehemence thought sense grappling motif blurring import sake style fact common blunt discourse pearlstein approach tough detached polemic american abstract art sixties recognizably culture realist revival happened europe america interesing exponent israeli artist living paris avigdor arikha
reaching usual bus stop put shopping bag hand massaged rump met spine gesture days gave relief high stool warehouse worked morning checker possessed increasingly resenting deficiency devil muttered offending part rubbed began plying black elbows town raven preparing fly devil repeated suddenly aware watched wheeled round peered upward heavily built towering person waiting moment person street spoken face familiar big uncertain sweaty seen yesterday seen knew lord walking diary days weak itchy giant waiting bus hovering pavement warehouse figure street figure recognisable type put finger thought looked traque haunted parisians days saw fear faces walked dared greet wouldn felt interest wondered policeman considered asking urban cockiness
astonishment general envoy night rang bell times letter promised known apartment watched enter lights heard snap letter box snap louder door saw piece torn postcard lying mat mat looked longing word daughter alexandra picking ran bedroom bible half lay yes pieces matched god side st joseph interceded needless piece nonsense opened door slipped past shadow hobgoblin fellow black overcoat velvet tabs collar giving air operatic conspiracy midget catch giant thought arched eyebrows grooved face flicked horns black hair pointed ears prinked palms hall mirror took hat bright comic occasion ostrakova laughed loud humour irreverence tonight tonight gravity sensed immediately normal tonight busy salesman stepped aeroplane feeling brand town cleanliness air travelling light tonight wished business
slipped forward shadows elder wore black beard surgical gloves elbow length shone ghostly grey wore blue overalls thigh length rubber boots squatting bearded cautiously untucked plastic sheet younger constable laid hand dead shoulder wake try harder lad superintendent warned altogether crisper tone boy pulled bearded sergeant helped body reluctantly rolled arm stiffly waving clutching stick christ constable bloody hell clapped hand mouth sergeant grabbed elbow shoved heard sound retching don hold politics superintendent confided smiley unconsequentially staring downward don hold politics don hold politicians licensed lunatics view joined force honest sinewy mist curled strangely steady beam torch don happen sir haven seen wound fifteen afraid ballistics province smiley replied pause thought don expect seen sir smiley apparently expect shot chest don sir superintendent remarked brightly learned small talk eased atmosphere occasions neat round bullet drills tasteful hole expect victim falls gently knees tune celestial choirs telly suppose
victorian terraces region paddington station painted white luxury liners inside dark tombs westbourne terrace saturday morning gleamed brightly service road led vladimir part blocked end heap rotting mattresses smashed boom frontier post thank smiley politely paid cab mattresses straight hampstead knees ached greek driver spent journey lecturing cyprus courtesy crouched jump seat order hear din engine vladimir thought surveying filth pavements poor washing trailing balconies circus shown honour vertical concerns sandman thought tell proofs bring walked slowly knowing early morning building small queue gathered bus stop milkman going rounds newspaper boy squadron grounded sea gulls scavenged gracefully spilling dustbins sea gulls taking cities thought pigeons sea crossing service road saw motor cyclist black official looking side car parking steed hundred yards kerb posture reminded tall messenger brought keys safe flat similar fixity distance respectful attentiveness military kind
braving traffic narrow pavement hill till south end green hoped cafe give tea finding open early sat bench cinema contemplating marble fountain pair red telephone boxes filthier warm drizzle falling shopkeepers started lowering awnings delicatessen store taking delivery bread sat hunched shoulders damp points mackintosh collar stabbed unshaven cheeks turned head god sake mourn ann flung smiley infuriated apparent composure friend died won grieve dead love living sitting bench pondering step smiley transmitted answer failed find wrong told distractedly mourn dead sincerely vladimir moment deeply loving living bit problem tried telephone boxes worked miracle directory intact amazing straight steady minicab service islington north paid privilege heavy type dialled number rang panic forgotten signatory receipt vladimir pocket rang recovering twopence lane lang dialled female voice answered bored sing song straight stead ee speak lamb drivers smiley politely
vladimir call box road wanted personal conversation immediately employers regulations villem picked roundabout vladimir rode half dover black villem meaning illegally boy carrying rush basket full oranges villem mood ask saddle pounds oranges vladimir talked paris villem father struggles shared talked small favour villem sake times small favour sake villem dead father vladimir loved sake group villem father hero tell vladi small favour impossible promise stella impossible stella hand left husband side sat torn wishing console death hurt broken promise small favour vladimir insisted small trouble risk helpful villem duty vladi produced snaps beckie christening yellow kodak envelope prints side negatives protective cellophane chemist blue docket stapled innocent admired till vladimir suddenly beckie villem beckie future hearing villem repeat stella clenched fists looked resolute older islands tiny wrinkles corner eye
professional smiley listened similar verbal antics signalling supposedly whitehall doctrine signalling restraint denial reason watched whitehall skirts belts tightened loosened tightened witness victim reluctant prophet spurious cults lateralism parallelism separatism operational devolution remembered lacon recent meanderings correctly integration fashion hailed panacea vanquish machine whimper leaving familiar english muddle retrospect saw lifelong moderator forborne hoping forbear toiled rooms shallower held stage held ago admitted sentiments today peering calmly heart smiley knew unled unleadable restraints reason humanity marriage sense public service invested institutions thought rancour left karla thought black grail help restless mind leave staring ahead gloom imagined saw kara standing breaking reforming shifting specks dark saw brown attendant eyes appraising appraised darkness interrogation cell delhi jail hundred eyes glance sensitive signal companionship molten glass slowly hardened till brittle unyielding
maquette degas portrayed ballerina arms head body curved backward lips parted ecstasy question fake genuine bore uncomfortable superficial resemblance ann smiley hands slowly turning gazing clear appreciation toby satin stool ceiling window shadowed feet walked jauntily toby vladimir met cafe science museum aeronautical floor toby repeated vladimir high excitement clutching toby arm toby didn conspicuous otto leipzig managed impossible vladimir saying big chance million toby otto leipzig landed max dreamed full settlement claims vladimir put toby asked acidly claims mind vladimir wouldn couldn say ask max insisted believe ask max tell max big deal toby asked knowing otto leipzig concerned bill goods want hero toby confessed smiley found hard conceal scepticism put bad mood meeting start vladimir outlined terms leipzig story vladimir material proofs story true document document leipzig called vorspeise appetizer
otto story figured insisted couldn faulted shown workings soviet research section confirmed printed sources oleg kursky law student tallinn polytechnic relevant period foreign office contemporary archives spoke unrest docks defector report american cousins gave kursky query karsky lawyer oleg graduating moscow centre training course kiev source suspect suggested kursky later changed advice superiors owing previous field experience routine french liaison reports notoriously unreliable secretary commercial paris kirov enjoy unusual freedoms shopping attending receptions customary fifteen companions short connie ended vigorously floor taste confirmed leipzig story suspicion kirov intelligence role slapped file table passed round photographs stills picked matter routine french surveillance teams caused original uproar riga group headquarters paris kirov enters embassy car kirov emerges moscow narodny carrying briefcase kirov pauses window saucy bookshop order scowl magazine covers smiley reflected returning present showing oleg kirov erstwhile victim otto leipzig disporting pair ladies case darling connie announced pull drink evidence otto plenty file prove
passed farm entered protective darkness trees emerged stark brilliant frame whiteness broken jetty faint olive coloured reeds foreground enormous sky rest boats lay inlet shabby caravans parked track led grubby washing hung television aerials passed tent vegetable patch couple broken huts military psychedelic sunrise painted peeling cars heaped rubbish stood parked mud path reeds shore grass harbour lay cluster improvished houseboats converted landing craft war colder reason darker boats seen boats moored huddle tarpaulins couple radios played saw noticed backwater blue dinghy fast dinghy gnarled sailcloth jacket black peaked cap massaging neck woken walther smiley asked rubbing neck nod looking otto leipzig told wharf find walther eyes cut almond shaped crumpled brown paper skin isadora pointed rickety jetty farther shore isadora lay end forty foot motor lauch luck grand hotel awaiting demolition
woken morning find seemingly bound hand foot tried move leg immediately burning cords tightened round thighs chest stomach raised arm tugging iron ligatures lifetime crawl bathroom undressed warm water entered frightened fainted pain flailed flesh hurt terribly road grazed heard hammering thought inside head till realised furious neighbour counted church clock chimes stopped wonder neighbour protesting thunder running water pipes labour making coffee exhausted sitting suddenly unbearable lying bad rest lean forward elbows draining board watch courtyard pastime precaution seen creatures darkness thought mouthing concierge goat concierge madame la pierre mouthing shaking fool head ostrakova ten ways echoed aria round courtyard drowning clipping carpet beaters clatter children gossip turbaned wives floor leaning windows metres till child believed
ferguson saul enderby drawled lounging belgravia cockney final vulgarity english upper class doubted smiley left lamplighter stable wise don hold domestic surveillance days party damn thing enderby continued study bulky document hand george sherlock holmes dogging poor moriarty captain ahab chasing big white whale smiley reply wish enemy say enderby remarked turning pages looking donkey haven sam night chief sam collins agreed heartily master confiding grin ben place room dark hotel knightsbridge met hour ago notice door management strictly private inside ante room coats hats privacy lay oak panelled sanctum full books musk turn gave rectangle walled garden stolen park fish pond marble angel path contemplative walks ben identity lost unwritten archives circus mythology place remained unrecorded perquisite enderby appointment george smiley trysting ground meetings occurred read don mind enderby bit slow uptake think jolly helpful actually chief collins
imagine sir soviet fighter powerful bare desk illuminated inferior light sat priest sir affectation pretence deep experience say roots country small straight eyes short grey hair habit holding hands smoked smoked smiley asked writing smoke question plain pipe cigarettes cigar cigarettes american room full aroma potsdam negotiating american officers berlin smokes american thought certainly influence rounding toby excitement grigoriev put point russian smoke american chain smoke imagine cost influence obtain packets smiley true pedantic manner asked grigoriev demonstrate meant holding hands smoked looked impassively grigoriev took brown wood pencil pocket linked chubby hands front face held pencil sucked caricature drinking handed mug explained volatile switch mood shouted high laughter toby russian toby fit translate transcription rendered obscene
distance castle small farmsteads sit hilltops swiss wine country turrets moats covered bridges leading courtyards closer took utilitarian appearance incenerator orchard modern outbuildings rows small windows high sign edge village pointed praising quiet position comfort solicitude staff community interdenominational christian theosophist foreign patients speciality heavy snow cluttered fields roof tops road smiley drove clear white sky snow merged single uncharted void gatehouse dour porter telephoned ahead receiving permission waved bay marked doctors bay marked visitors parked pressed bell dull looking woman grey habit opened door blushing spoke heard crematorium music clanking crockery kitchen human voices house hard floors curtains mother felicity expecting sister beatitude shy whisper scream fill entire house thought smiley noticed pot plants reach door marked office escort thumped lustily shoved open mother felicity large inflamed looking woman disconcerting worldliness gaze smiley sat opposite ornate cross rested large bosom spoke heavy hands consoled couple touches german slow regal
guillam drawn alongside trying edge forward heard soft footsteps toby watchers gathered edge halo safe view shelter rampart waiting bated breath sight catch suddenly stood slipping crowded hall unnoticed small hand hung flat naked side left held cigarette timidly chest hatless satchel took step forward halo smiley saw face aged weary travelled short hair turned white sprinkling snow wore grimy shirt black tie looked poor going funeral friend cold nipped cheeks low adding age faced yard delhi jail smiley heard footsteps sound toby padding swiftly wooden ladder scaffold heard soft voices laughter thought heard sound gentle clapping knew shadows inside halo hard paul skordeno slipped forward stood side karla nick de stood heard guillam telling bloody car bridge heard ring metal falling icy cobble knew ann cigarette lighter notice exchanged glance
mother gotten red ball truck stop arnette stu seen sat burned eating age stu rog tucker owned red ball helping unload trucks school thirty cents hour stockyards neighboring town braintree lying age twenty backbreaking hours labor week minimum wage high school found football mother encouraged cut hours play ticket football stuart play remember eddie warfield eddie warfield local hero family poorer stu covered glory quarterback regional high school team texas anm athletic scholarship played ten green bay packers string quarterback memorable occasions starter eddie owned string fast food restaurants west southwest arnette enduring figure myth arnette success meant eddie warfield stu quarterback eddie warfield began junior high school fighting chance small athletic scholarship working programs school guidance counselor told ndea loan program
larry underwood pulled corner found parking space big datsun fire hydrant trash fallen gutter unpleasant trash larry tried tell seen stiffening dead cat rat gnawing white belly rat fast sweep headlights cat fixed stasis supposed killing engine believed believe didn say paris biggest rat population sewers york remembered misspent youth rats york city legs hell parked front decaying brownstone thinking rats anyway days ago june sunny southern california home hopheads freak religions nightclubs gogo dancers disneyland morning quarter arrived shore ocean paying toll triborough bridge sullen drizzle falling york early summer drizzle unrepentantly sullen larry drops accreting windshield intimations dawn began creep eastern sky dear york home maybe yankees town trip worthwhile
minutes midnight patty greer nurse trying stu blood pressure strike leafing current issue mccall nurses station waiting check sullivan hapscomb hap awake watching johnny carson problem liked josh hard pinch bottom white suit hapscomb scared operative dreadful stuart redman looked wouldn say boo goose hapscomb patty greer thought sport concerned patients divided categories sports poops patty broken leg roller skating spent bed patience poops sick sport hypochondriac making trouble poor working girl sullivan asleep wake ugly wasn fault wake think sullivan understand grateful getting care government provide free tell started poop tonight clock touched midnight going left nurses station walked hallway white room sprayed helped suit halfway nose began tickle
reached finger push stop button wondered floors answer question elevator slid smooth normal stop guns sentinel door slid dead woman nurse uniform curled fetal position door marked ladies stu stared door began slide shut put arm door bounced obediently stepped hallway led junction walked taking wide berth dead nurse noise whirled bringing gun elevator door sliding shut looked moment swallowed hard walked rubber hand playing tunes base spine telling hell walk don run bit let quick echoes footfalls semidark corridor administration wing macabre company play stuart doors frosted glass panels marched past tale tell dr sloane records transcripts ballinger microfilm copyfile mrs wiggs cabbage patch stu thought drinking fountain junction warm chlorinated taste water stomach turn exit left sign tile wall orange arrow beneath read library wing corridor stretch miles
clock clouds begun build manhattan sound thunder rolled city cliffs lightning forked city light yellow strange larry didn belly cramped lit cigarette trembled hand coffee cup trembled rita morning sitting street end access ramp leaning lowest bar railing pack lap leaning railing thought scared fifteen minutes ago calling echoes freaked thunder rolled close chilly breeze ran hand shirt pasted skin sweat going inside stop shitting tunnel couldn guts spend night city george washington bridge morning blocks north tried think rationally tunnel going bite forgotten pick big flashlight christ remembered butane bic guardrail catwalk road sweat strain thinking dead cars instance panic talking comic book stuff worrying boogeyman closet
sat sleeping bag looked rita light showing lines body bag quilted fabric fluff hair wake style morning larry unzipped side bag buck naked moment flesh marbled goosebumps air felt naturally warm seventy going peach crawled ten stood parked tent cc harley cycle black chrome sleeping bag tent acquired passaic cars blocked terrible traffic jams stuck mud nutley tried swing truck smashup bike answer trundled accidents pulling low gear traffic seriously piled ridden breakdown lane sidewalk rita didn riding pillion nervous clung larry desperately agreed practical solution mankind final traffic jam dilly left passaic gotten country evening july recrossed york pitched tent outskirts quarryville hazed mystic catskills west turned east afternoon crossing vermont dusk fell bennington
baked pies canned fillings shelves pantry fresh rhubarb strawberries garden strawberries praise god going waste act cooking feel cooking blueberry pie strawberry rhubarb apple smell filled morning kitchen set kitchen windowsills cool batter hard going fresh eggs hen house blame herslf eggs early afternoon small kitchen hilly floor faded linoleum filled smell frying chicken gotten pretty toasty inside hobbled porch read daily lesson dogeared copy upper room fan face chicken light nice want fellows pick dozen butter sugar ears corn sit meal chicken put paper towels porch guitar sat began play sang favorite hymns high quivering voice drifting air settling marching zion heard sound engine north coming country road stopped singing fingers continued twiddle absently strings cocked head listened
staggering flapping upgrade heat sun stewing stomach baking brains interstate shimmered reflected radiant heat donald merwin elbert trashcan forever beheld fabled city cibola stood swaying rags looking cibola city promised city dreams wreck wrist broken leaped railing stairway bolted cheery oil tank healed wrist grotesque lump wrapped dirty unraveling ace bandage bones fingers hand pulled turning hand quasimodo claw left arm slowly healing mass burn tissue elbow shoulder longer smelled bad suppurated flesh hairless pink skin cheap doll grinning mad face sunburned peeling scruffy bearded covered scabs header front wheel bike parted company frame wore faded blue penney workshirt marked expanding rings sweatstain dirty pair corduroy trousers pack ago style substance owner strap broken trash knotted pack hung askew shutter haunted house dusty creases filled desert sand
pride female side satan human race quiet egg sin fertile pride moses canaan brought water rock thirsty children israel asked moses answered proud woman proud floor washed hands knees provided hands knees water washed proud children turned jail caught bottle frigging wrong side sheets mothers children daughters god proud pride curse woman pride wiles hundred learned illusions mastered glamours filed gate thought heels sin series blasphemous metaphors rising unbidden mind filed communicants young leader eyes cast light haired woman side boy dark eyed woman black hair shot twists gray line young climbed porch steps woman stopped foot hair ralph clean considerable growth reddish gold beard strong face freshly etched lines care mouth forehead
fran stopped bike looked speaking harold funny feet stuart stu looked judiciously nope re wearing funny looking earth shoes street re almighty big course slapped earth shoes feet magazines happen size information practically petite feet late honey began push bike fell guess harold looking feet meeting sitting grass talking things shook head frowning harold lauder interested feet asked larry lucy home walking hand hand leo house stayed nadine mom walked door lucy meeting thought words caught throat dark form folded shadows porch larry felt hot fear leap throat thought wildly going face wondered thought nadine cross wearing dress soft bluish gray material hair loose flowing shoulders dark hair shot skeins purest white
judge head denver reached route proceeded directly route morning sun bright mellow secondary route stalled traffic block road town brighton worse point leave highway drive local high school football field avoid colossal traffic jam continued east reached turn denver turned left north headed feeder ramp halfway put transmission neutral looked left west rockies rose serenely blue sky boulder lying base told larry adventure god save lie heart beat quick rhythm twenty air tasted sweet colors bright follow cheyenne move west waited mountains skin dry age nonetheless crawled goosebumped thought west salt lake city nevada reno head north mattered salt lake reno maybe sooner stopped questioned questioned place invitation issued impossible think meet dark moving softly put rover gear crept turnpike
steady hard rapping front door convinced harold house empty larry asked cellar window side house larry pulled tugged fruitlessly window fran watch maybe locked sticking let try luck clandestine trip harold locked tight asked let break larry let hide think kids hide worry plenty deserves worried looked doubtful didn stop took shirt wrapped fist forearm crunched basement window glass tinkled felt catch tis released window slid larry slipped turned help careful kiddo miscarriages harrold lauder basement caught arms eased looked rumpus room croquet set stood sentinel air hockey table littered snips colored electrical wire picking piece wasn shrugged maybe harold building mousetrap box table fished cover deluxe realistic talkie set larry opened box heft told empty building talkies mousetraps fran
amazing rapidly wildlife coming glen knew fairly rapid process course winter going prune amazing hundred days outbreaks yeah dogs horses ralph invented bug killed pretty wasn favorite animals took friends left cats larry morosely ralph brightened kojak kojak killed conversation buttes frowned hiding places dozens rifles scopes larry premonition today left topped rise expected road blocked wasn thought ambush nearly dark look place camp top final rise larry thought camped green reflectorized sign las vegas eaten comparatively taco chips soda slim jims shared equally tomorrow larry thought slept night dreamed barry greig tattered remnants playing madison square garden big chance opening supergroup named city boston maybe chicago
tom listen tom hunkered stu big fluffy sleeping bag morning stu able eat breakfast throat sore badly swollen joints painful cough worse anacin wasn job knocking fever inside medicine gonna die today closest town green river sixty miles east drive tom cullen drive car stu laws yeah gonna chore sick dog broke wrong friggin leg won worry problem problem getting car start sitting months batteries flat pancakes need luck find stalled car standard shift top hills pretty hilly country didn add car reasonably tuned gas ignition key guys tv hotwire car stu slightest idea looked sky scumming clouds tom legs stu car going boulder tom wants boulder don tom
sat porch sun watched peter crawled enthusiastically dust yard stu chair caned seat caning belled downward sitting left fran rocker yard peter left doughnut shaped shadow tire swing printed depthless image ground kind light lived didn fran asked softly stu agreed pointed peter gettin dirty water hand pump takes priming conveniences stuart nodded lit pipe taking puffs peter turned sure hi baby stu waved peter fell hands knees began creep large circle standing end dirt road cut wild corn small winnebago camper winch attachment front sticking secondary roads winch handy lonely fran asked scared baby patted stomach perfectly flat nope going put scab pete nose fall lucy twins smiled sky imagine saw seeing believing say think maine stu shrugged end july plenty start getting ready winter worried nope mocking
fortunately need emulate contemporary bye travelling ponderous victorianism nineteenth century set ancestors conspicuous robustly low brow mine born mauve decade heyday yellow book green carnation confidently bet relatives heard max beerbohm aubrey beardsley oscar wilde awakened response minds admiration works disapproval morals father family staffordshire place names bound childish memories towns surrounding villages stoke hanley burslem newcastle longport trentham barlaston stone remember seeing early age alarming glimpses train window pot bank furnaces flaming angrily black winter sky house barlaston large dominant wedgwood family father eleven brothers sisters born records distant predecessors composed mixture local business country gentlemen independent means uncommon midland counties lived neighbourhood pottery towns generations estimated highly consequence evidence local importance ancestor scanty family documents record achievement richard brittain mayor newcastle lyme
age sixteen began dream women generation course conspicuous galaxy leonardos inaugurate renaissance colossal scale incidentally redeem foolish mistakes forefathers realistically planned desired constantly postponed career sought refuge anxiety college examinations waited news war felt sinister shudder guns belgian coast shake caterham valley subterranean earthquake war wandered taking older girls classes history international relations thinking relations international wondering married anticipate term head girl examinations special history literature classes visiting mistress miss rare teachers miss heath jones possessed originality real talent inspiring ideas gifts judged fact succeeded filling tremendous enthusiasm works carlyle ruskin important terms marked rising star begins earnest fragment sixteen diary recorded holidays miss kingswood fortunately reference impetus teaching growth sentiments influence past present ideals elegant introspective temperamental creature miss spent days buxton family mildly disapproved told fortunes dull afternoon
april edward invited author poem buxton stay part easter holidays looked forward friend coming definite pleasure trepidation roland captain house considerably edward senior enormous school reputation brilliance unapproachableness head uppingham editor school magazine edward destined oxford autumn recently won senior open classical postmastership merton college seen interval uppingham function known boys previous summer remember clearly armed somerville exhibition months seniority refused prospectively impressed person equanimity difficult achieve roland family attached glamour bohemia possesses aspiring provincials father popular writer stories boys literary staff daily newspaper mother celebrated author romantic novels feuilletons lived amid famous circle writers artists st john wood moved pleasant house coast lowestoft days roland parents realised full potentialities gifted schoolgirl sister clare known seventeen later young woodcut artists interest threatened effervescence managed house roland arrived coming purposely late dinner greeted lofty assumption indifference unknown young rose hastily chair opened door
left mother task completing arrangements devonshire hospital planned begin nursing weeks training hoped leave absence somerville join london hospital spot roland home wounded leave mother operated willingly schemes sorry kind found love suitor brains capital comprehensible emotion harsh baffling ambition hard working family father practical distrust unendowed professional classes thanks noble edward staying folkestone instinctive prejudice bohemians gradually undergoing modification edward tactfully told public school manner roland honourable nature vera married preoccupied excitement somerville students altered circumstances remote soundless clamour dream ancient panelled lodging house known micklem hall brewer street st found separated group friends theresa norah oriel marjorie micklem alleviate noisy mediocrity type student snobbishly accustomed designate lower millstone meal times close proximity english tutor charge micklem party overwhelmed lower millstone palpitating silence
middle august conclude miserable weeks disappointment parting anxiety depression news expensive operations suvla bay death witnessed occurred hospital surprised equanimity acquired protective callousness later days put writing diary evening emotion comparable feeling shock impotent pity seized roland found dead platoon bottom trench looked dreadful morning lying worn skin bone ghastly yellowish colour lay eyes half closed turned whites showing plucking bed clothes pulling shudder bony hands end thin skeleton arms died obscure complaint exactly think pray die pray litany deliverance lingering sudden death death presents terrors mind dissolution begins death sad die midst strangers sister care strange death sad makes feel matter course short ago idea death shudder filled horror fear
chills small illnesses resulted damp breakfastless walk undertaken early morning tired girls broken hardship left heard living hostel died pneumonia responsible establishment morning evening ambulances form transport provided suggested apparently occur authorities cheerfully billeted distant ill equipped house young untried women continually contact septic wounds sputum cups bed pans constantly wet feet perpetual walks added unaccustomed hours standing required daily bath health hostel meet needs twenty young women cold bathroom equipped ancient unreliable geyser apparatus took twenty minutes half fill bath lukewarm water supper hospital till nearly clock lights hostel soon ten seldom journey denmark hill persons evening occupy bathroom tempermental geyser housekeeper hostel refused allow manipulate tepid water trickled slowly bath sit anxiously perched antique cylinder apparently impression took eye moment bound explode
hour duty walked st james park staring unseeing eyes ducks fluttering left lake drained room army huts victor vainly tried convince excellent edward chances survival kind person head crisis told rush wounded camberwell afternoon wrote mother hospital warned ready patients officers accommodation officers patients surgical wards college transferred huts ward officer ward terrific tearing afternoon help haul mattresses trollies patients duty night convoy arrived expected hour warned matron night busy strenuous days ahead arrangements side usual break biscuits apron changing morning moments respite fall sounded expected ambulances dining hall opportunity past days sitting room fearful glance letter rack high letters saw crushed pencil scrawled envelope addressed edward handwriting
hours later lay anchored mudros harbour waiting tranship seen vessels kinds small british french levantine hospital ships gleamed white enormous small black cargo boats ran inconspicuously mediterranean refuge estuaries large rivers gaunt lay close sailing vessels ancient rigging fantastic brilliant incredible light flooded harbour longer property tumble village sinister shore beautiful ships greeks awaiting persian fleet camps miserable hovels fishermen range range savage hills enclosed multitude ships lost incongruous hills sun set distant peaks samothrace burst flame cone shaped mountain summit stood darkly majestic red reflected western sky sisters told mountain achi baba dominant memorial lost gallantry wasted dardanelles gave diary records queer thrill dreadful unknown land unknown war unknowns women rate afternoon evening stood deck gazing trance momentous curve lemnos rich desolation aegean harbour john masefield recording transports bound gallipoli kings pageant imminent death
sirocco blowing night hateful rushing stone verandah making doors shutters creak groan wrote anxiously geoffrey kind superstitious belief hold letters wind fraught sinister things hides stars night black ink makes sends temperatures week sirocco blew ominous apprehension driving confess misery suspense correspondents knew suffered escaped pains griefs hell weeks mail reach writing letters vague bits news france filter anxious receive admitted edward april list names telegrams vast battle going front french difficult happening geoffrey bapaume direction longer war goes concern immense business centre beings left cares general issue struggle personal interest wears patriotism threadbare continued ignominiously forgetting editorial eyes expression sentiments automatically relegate ranks faith god
journey waterloo chilly tube train quality wretchedness words convey bye stations outgrown disintergrating paralysis farewell roland march couldn help asking hundredth edward sorrow parting mechanical sorrow superhuman achievements ward rushes convoys abnormality woven fabric daily longer wondered war end grown incapable visualising existence home flat dejection pervaded edward firmly resisted suggestion semi invalid weakness excuse apply extension leave universal topics maids ration cards completely dominated conversation household felt glad fortnight days later return food obsessed england france remembering eager feminism pre war girlhood fierceness wage post war literary battles women incredible hospital completely unaware days leave began representation bill gave votes women thirty passed house lords
driven direct station mother home wearing uniform gave matron encountered leaving excuse treat brisk peremptoriness accorded nursing home visitors quiet commanded sharply making noise operation patient coming round room door grown accustomed month midst ten operation patients coming round simultaneously information impress mental resolve officially dressed hundred yards non military trained nurse home decided gloomy airless expensive rooms certainly calculated restore spirits sick parent suffering nervous prostration matron brusqueness remove intitial prejudice thought clearly illustrates cautious unenterprising conservatism hampers medical profession affection clings convenience tradition steeped doctor mile west end invalids pay lavishly accommodation heavy sunless purlieus harley street recover remains perpetual mystery understand days quick transport newly planned area modern hospitals gardens balconies vita glass windows beds paying patients started enterprising group younger women wind swept heights hampstead sun drenched open spaces river chelsea
sound victorious guns burst london november women looked incredulously faces cry jubilantly won war war millbank heard maroons crash terrifying clearness sleeper determined dreaming told wake automatically washing dressing bowls annex hut deeply buried beneath consciousness stirred vague memory letter written roland legendary days oxford spend sundays thinking organ echoed grandly college chapel warm evening city sweet scent wallflowers lilac walked micklem hall hearing occasional oratorio handel mustering troops battle lament fallen triumphant return victors listened told organ swelling final triumphant burst song victory solemn mournful dirge dead thought mockery irony jubilant celebrations hail coming peace fall ears return sorrow victory built paid mourning joy wonder happy part triumph listen merriment heart breaks ears try mirthful sounds
end sad resigned conclusion dark tide likely find home desperation begun draft crucifix published title honour spite experiment hope writer kind flickering low rose macaulay literary london clear want ingenuous efforts began feel justify survival war piping peace indefinite series platforms notwithstanding lack external evidence publishers editors slay conviction platforms plead unpopular vera brittain lecturer speaker league nations union wrote christmas eve winifred yorkshire family rejoicing imminent publication anderby wold feel able hold winifred holtby tell honest truth don care damn don care writing making mind stop prevent going writing bitter business yesterday read bits barbellion filled mine rejected manuscripts mind flat choked returned manuscripts put knew crucifix
officially oppressed hand obviously power treaty divided saar territory germany proper artificial barrier prevent telepathy existing political parties berlin counterparts expected population practised roman catholicism forget forgotten religious princes border speyer trier coal strike january coincided occupation ruhr officially settled governing commission saar labour leaders night supposed place morning occurred saar completely recovered effects hundred days germany proper later discovered attempt disguise extent power saar valley antagonism aroused occupation ruhr drop ocean bitterness directed saar provisions unhappily league nations scapegoat treaty league germans complained incessantly listen protests natives mandated territories hear petitions inhabitants saar gebiet apparently seized trivial opportunity presented disapporval situation unmistakable french station bookstalls found french newspapers unobtainable language compulsory schools admit speak winifred afternoon inquired french grocer shop methylated spirit shopkeeper brusquely replied
reached train began gently move winifred propelling vigorously scrambled regardless dove coloured coat frock terra hat steep step dirty siding completely ruining pale suede gloves coal dust grimy handle opened nearest door fell corridor winifred panting heels pushed taxi driver presence mind flung ten shilling note window wafted scandalised porter shouted waved ticket harbour permit wheels moving fast relinquished conscientious endeavour prevent unorthodox method boarding boat train gave swift glance round winifred safe climbing desperately trunks packing cases junctions carriages began frantic confident search half train abandoned hope process exploring corridor tall thin dishevelled forgetful urgent seeking haughty air worn young dons deliberately steerage suddenly saw started eagerly forward hands outstretched face radiance recognition beneath wide brimmed hat took hands felt mistake knew sense true linked past yielded inextricably found inappropriate frustration grief loss conflict painful resurrection led dark devious ways beginning
jim prideaux arrived friday rainstorm rain rolled gun smoke brown combes quantocks raced empty cricket fields sandstone crumbling facades arrived lunch driving red alvis towing hand trailer blue early afternoons thursgood tranquil truce running fight school boys rest dormitories staff sit common room coffee reading newspapers correcting boys thursgood reads mother school bill roach actually saw jim arrive saw steam belching alvis bonnet wheezed pitted drive windscreen wipers going full pelt trailer shuddering puddles pursuit roach boy days graded dull actually deficient thursgood prep school terms fat round child asthma spent large parts rest kneeling end bed gazing window mother lived grandly bath father agreed richest school distinction cost son dear coming broken home roach natural watcher roach observation jim stop school buildings continued sweep stable yard knew layout place roach decided later reconnaissance studied maps reached yard didn stop drove straight wet grass travelling speed momentum
unlike jim prideaux george smiley naturally equipped hurrying rain dead night final form bill roach prototype small podgy middle aged appearance london meek inherit earth legs short gait agile dress costly ill fitting extremely wet overcoat hint widowhood black loose weave designed retain moisture sleeves arms short roach wore mackintosh cuffs concealed fingers reasons vanity wore hat believing rightly hats ridiculous egg cosy beautiful wife remarked occasion left criticism endured rain formed fat unbanishable drops thick lenses spectacles forcing alternately lower throw head scuttled pavement skirted blackened arcades victoria station proceeding west sanctuary chelsea lived step reason fraction uncertain jim prideaux risen shadows demanding friends answered preferred settle taxi roddy windbag muttered fresh deluge dashed ample cheeks trickled downward sodden shirt didn leave
spoke tarr sank dream gaze settled speaker mistiness entered eyes pause coming began guillam ordered don guillam boy impulsive flew night saturday march australian passport describing car salesman virgin swiss escape passports hidden lining suitcase contingency documents filled circumstances demanded boris car rendezvous hong kong resident hotel golden gate kowloon guillam leaned smiley murmured tuffy thesinger buffoon major king african rifles percy alleline appointment thesinger produced report boris movements based week surveillance boris real oddball tarr couldn boozing night break slept week thesinger watchers folding knees trailed round delegation inspecting factories chiming discussions bright young soviet official young smiley asked guillam threw visa application gave born minsk evening alexandra lodge shanty house north point delegation holed eat crew ease side entrance grab taxi belt mainline night spots pedder street favourite haunt cat cradle queen road bought drinks local businessmen acted personality
guillam living mainly london docks days putting low grade marine networks odd polish russian chinese seamen bunch talent spotters occasionally managed hands sat small room floor circus consoled pretty secretary called mary happy authority answer minutes phone engaged answer heard vaguely trouble trouble common knowledge instance alleline control locked horns knew big operation aborted czechoslovakia foreign office defense ministry jointly blown gasket jim prideaux head scalp hunters oldest czecho hand bill haydon lifelong stringer shot put bag assumed loud silence glum faces bill haydon manic anger news spread nervous thrill building god wrath mary loved full scale passion later heard catastrophe called testify testify haydon told later incompetent bloody operation launched dying glory jim prideaux price bits newspapers parliamentary questions rumours officially confirmed british troops germany put full alert eventually sauntering offices began realise realised weeks circus wasn silent frozen
spots rain falling couldn travelled rail walked station making detours blackwell college north dusk early trees reaching de sac dawdled took stock woman shawl rode past push bike gliding beams streetlamps pierced swathes mist dismounting pulled open gate vanished road muffled figure walking dog woman couldn tell road empty phone box abruptly passed talking loudly god war younger talking hearing older agree smiley supposed don high paling bulged shrubs gate number soft hinges double gate side pushed latch broken house stood windows lit high young stooped desk girls arguing pale woman playing viola couldn hear sound ground floor windows lit curtains drawn porch tiled front door panelled stain glass jamb pinned notice side door bells notices prince rings lumby rings buzz evening janet bottom bell sachs pressed dogs barked woman started yelling
functions lectures strolled park played tennis short giving sweets kids couldn respectable connie fought continued coverage losing battle machinery ground polyakov transferred list topped months resources allowed monthly top ups produced graded persil investigated depth found intelligence interest connie begun live assessment gorgeous november lovely teddy hankie telephoned breathlessly laundry acton say aleks polyakov blown cover run true colours splashed masthead teddy chum circus perfect pet don care ninety finished home soviet ambassador volga drove past going wreath laying ceremony carrying service attaches car polyakov wearing medals christmas tree teddy shot whitehall camera photographed street dear side weather perfect bit rain lovely afternoon sunshine smile fly backside hundred yards blew photographs gallantry campaign aleks polyakov war veteran told soul excited
smiley feelings roy bland ambivalent recalling decided don spotted smiley recruited combination oddly akin brought smiley circus net german monster fan patriotic flame smiley embarrassed protestaions communism smiley bland real childhood father docker passionate trade unionist party member mother died bland boy father hated education hated authority bland grew clever father took head lost son ruling class beat bland fought grammar school holidays worked fingers toby say bones order raise extra fee smiley met tutor rooms oxford battered look arrived bad journey smiley took months edged closer proposition bland accepted largely smiley assumed animosity father passed smiley care subsisting odd grants undescribed bland toiled marx memorial library wrote leftish papers tiny magazines died ago circus subsidized evenings disputed loud smoky meetings pubs school halls vacations nursery fanatic called thatch ran charm school outward bound penetration agents pupil
read slowly treasury sanctioned sixty thousand pounds freehold ten furniture fittings cut costs wanted lawyers handle conveyance alleline refused reveal address reason argument deeds treasury put foot lawyers drew instruments house alleline die bankrupt address justification remarkable costly adjunct operation supposedly taking place abroad smiley searched eagerly explanation financial files quickly confirmed scrupulous offer contained veiled reference london house rates doubled minister alleline assume london end alleline minister eminently say add circle knowledge widened conversation knowledge till files appraised witchcraft product solution house paid late march occupancy immediately date exactly merlin began acquire personality shaped customers comments till smiley suspicious eye merlin machine faultless tradecraft eerie access free strains agents hard going suddenly tantrum put merlin follow question prevailing kremlin view sale russian oil surpluses united states
guillam allowed temperament till occurred till tarr defector housekeepers ruling months ago wrong phil tarr sitting moscow knew regarded blown phil held reason turning lights brixton giving chunk workload london station toby lamplighters tarr supposed redefecting redefecting damned charitable putting tell alleline retorted paper listen listen exactly remember doubt rest staff memory sieve prima donnas danny mother travelling fake british passports poole harbour passports russian fakes tarr known poole tarr england don left ahead danny mother route investigations suggest black instructed wife mistress pardon mo follow week apparently information reached yesterday lot footwork tarr instructed danny mother chance failed contact throw mercy peter guillam believe
minister head ran row books bees mendel passion smiley remembered word exotic bees surrey minister young dark jowl looked knocked true unseemly fracas head bald top gave unwarranted air maturity terrible eton drawl decisions bully art dialogue suppose damp recent negotiations americans thinking untitled secret annexe safe smiley discusses exploitation witchcraft material heard minister understand incentives course tempting hand cream enormous american service argument trading witchcraft return arguments minister enquired talking stockbroker mole gerald exists smiley began cousins ann proudly miles sercombe single redeeming feature smiley believed felt idiotic incoherent mole exists assume common ground waited wasn mole exists repeated circus double profits american deal moscow centre mole buy americans gesture frustration minister slapped hand mendel table leaving moist imprint polish
smiley left islay grosvenor square morning streets bathed harsh sunshine sky blue drove hired rover past unlovable facades edgware road wind dropped sky black waiting rain remained sun lingering redness tarmac parked st john wood road forecourt tower block glass porch enter porch passing large sculpture describing sort cosmic muddled icy drizzle descending staircase marked exit flight terrazzo tile bannister african teak contractor generosity ceased rough rendered plaster replaced earlier luxury stench uncollected refuse crammed air manner cautious furtive reached iron door paused putting hands handle drew ordeal door opened foot stopped thud answered shout fury echoed times shout swimming pool hey don look smiley edged gap door stopped bumper shiny car smiley wasn looking car garage overalls hosing rolls royce cage looking direction don angry voice demanded tenant don tenant lift stair fire
westerby dabbed sweat face handkerchief blinked coming round sweat silk shirt looked shower curry food cared smiley ordered krugs wash taste part story czech troops russian troops smiley yes thought mind round brno boy quickly learned unit part proceedings convoy joined night ten hours tore round countryside apparent destination drove west trebic stopped waited signals section transmission cut south east nearly znojmo austrian border signalling mad knew ordered route explain thing point ordered fix bayonets pitched camp packed kit pushed met units breclav marshalling yards tanks going round circles pair propelled guns pre laid track story chaotic pointless activity older hands russian punishment czech brno boy heard explanation russians british spy called hajek spying research station tried kidnap general russians shot boy asked jerry
lock gardens presumably drew camden hampstead road locks nearby terrace flat nineteenth century houses built centre crescent floors basement strip walled garden running regent canal numbers ran number fallen built number north end safe house improved approaches thirty yards canal towpath offered north lay camden high street joining traffic south west lay parks primrose hill neighbourhood possessed social identity demanded houses turned room flats ten doorbells laid typewriter grandly number millie mccraig lodger jefferson mrs mccraig churchy collected incidentally excellent keeping eye locals scarely viewed zeal jefferson lodger known vaguely foreign oil lot lock gardens pied terre neighbours bothered notice found shy respectable formed impression george smiley happened spot dim light porch evening millie mccraig admitted front room drew pious curtains wiry scottish widow brown stockings bobbed hair polished wrinkled skin
scullery smiley checked thoroughfare shoved deck chairs pinned string mangle guide saw badly dark string led open kitchen door kitchen led drawing room dining room doors side side kitchen room actually annexe house glass scullery added thought dining room risky dining room couldn signal guillam waited scullery feeling absurd stockinged feet polishing spectacles heat face misting colder scullary drawing room close overheated scullery walls glass concrete floor beneath matting feet feel wet mole arrives thought mole plays host protocol part pretence polyakov gerald agent london taxi flying bomb comparison rose slowly deep unconscious memory clatter barges crescent metric tick tick bass notes die cut stopped house street waiting dark crouching tables clutching pieces string house slam door explosive climax hear smiley heard heard tread pair feet gravel brisk vigorous stopped wrong door smiley thought absurdly
recalling seclusion class compartment smiley curious sensation watching haydon wrong end telescope eaten night bar open journey leaving king cross wistful notion liking haydon respecting bill say mental system rejected convenient simplification puzzled haydon rambling account conscious contradictions tried haydon romantic newspaper terms thirties intellectual moscow natural mecca moscow bill discipline told needed symmetry historical economic solution struck sparse added trying bill romantic snob wanted join elitist vanguard lead masses darkness remembered half finished canvases girl drawing room kentish town cramped worked condemned remembered ghost bill authoritarian father ann called simply monster imagined bill marxism making inadequacy artist loveless childhood later course mattered doctrine wore thin bill set road karla treason matter habit smiley decided seeing bill stretched floor bywater street ann played music gramophone bill loved smiley didn doubt moment
blackford oakes sat stuffed easy chair suite hotel sarkany heavy furniture red color heavy drapes generations colors polarized ample couch armchairs dirty brown sun bombarded curtains anemic pink carpet shade gray designed conceal dirt hue rectangular section shaded husky oak table desk eat darker surrounding area congested living room blackford reflected comforts home carnage window imposing served grander purposes larger room subdivided adjust venetian blinds clearly turn latch draw open wanted half vaulted glass run eyes ancient gothic street cobblestoned medium width lined shops apartment houses closed days passed fateful sunday morning troops tanks leader free liked call entirely averse occasionally calling apoplectic russians british french elected week invade suez bound ostensibly cairo yesterday recrowned american voters today wednesday expected fly denver golf
actually budapest sally asked poured gin tonic kitchen shelf sally yes blacky put touch campari learned argentinian steward killed telling blackford managed grin sprang distractedly sofa characteristically draped walked teeming bookshelf small apartment answering blacky actually budapest teasing seductive cloratura sang open door sally dear curiosity supposed carry nineteenth century exactly jane austen die blackford paused yes course remember died grief seward folly purchasing alaska funny look sally hand played light brown hair moved head acknowledge caress re supposed build bridge engineers engineers supposed idea jane austen died cut crap okay die point blackford resumed inspection bookshelves delayed answering forgot slumping couch extending hand receive proffered drink guess going say ph based knowledge times austen shouldn suggest re omniscient matter times joseph stalin stalin die darling choirboys moved budapest
turned sitting opposite fire wore boots heavy woolen trousers crewneck sweater rubbed hands grow warm hair white skin jaundiced build stocky tough cold eh serge reply heavily accented english cold rufus aware serge haven met haven heard calling plan july beginning international geophysical hope agree jerry brought drinks kitchen director addressed russian rufus need tell turned rufus ago serge defected top spent part invaluable stuff re living lot end promised security leave owes project concluded turned serge key success commented rufus held drink hand pretending sip serge attacked half glass bouts ensuing hour director refilled glass director assumed professional stance standing leaning stone chimney puffing pipe
kapitsas apartment tyura tam compound children notoriety sort listen kapitsa wife abroad part scientific exchange visit viktor rome russian delegation delivered lecture tamara handled slides viktor lecture found rome group thirty traveled conference hotel sight seeing places restaurants incidents irregularities tamara vadim bad bad say trust asked tamara viktor foreign country asylum political asylum didn scared looked want leave russia trust late serge hell vadium lot detail tomorrow going things julian vadim rose tired looked mischievously tired upstairs maybe vodka soda wish bring kitchen thanks blackford volunteered maybe later blackford found unexpectedly feet reasoned deference spent gulag emerged spiritually judge blackford tended judge quickly judgments impatient reliable
sitting driver seat french taxicab blackford oakes rehearsed times rufus trust case alternative plan concededly expeditious put operation depended soviet trained russians act spontaneously vadim thought workable hand viksne hundred percent martinet trouble hundred percent martinet rufus answered order bus streetcars grand taxis certainly walk blackford dressed black beret blue painter smock common french taxi drivers eating slowly visibly lunch box filling small glass unmarked half liter red wine resolved addressed speak words french knew heavy german accent couple dozen germans drove cabs paris thought unlikely accost parked warehouse side street lycee duty sign clearly lit seat hidden parcels reached ceiling car parcels occupied full rear area apparently engaged deliveries taking quick break lunch passengers checked dashboard battery level detonating device immediately reproached feeling necessity checked fifteen minutes earlier
summon police advise press press hurt police find happen find pledged die kapitsa wife watch personal columns le look message begins beloved anna krupskaya desire read promise respect wishes supply exact date approximate hour chekhov expected arrive bizerte captain contacted reliable person immediately loading shipment kapitsas estimate entire operation need days wish revolutionary government algeria established cost arms reimbursed letter closed fln signed red ink simply jean bolgin asked idea going ask dear boris certainly beat kgb object diplomats learning identity enterprising algerian terrorists ambassador form address rebuke mild silin knew bolgin knew upheavals fln kidnapping ben bella communication effective authority algerian movement difficult accurately impossible socialist revolution colonel reciprocated formality fln closest thing anarchist operation narodnike appears deal french tender offers negotiations
walked driver seat slid car gear turned rue st honore looked hard rearview mirror saw gray fiat pull heading direction slowed catch couple letters license plate aj remember aj case handy heard voice speaking accented perfectly fluent english revolver pointed neck head straight re going rivoli close window exactly say blow brains blackford proceeded heavy traffic attempted rearview mirror look couldn head torso gloved hand gripping revolver aimed directly head heart beating rapidly felt moisture brow affected kind clinical curiosity talk later alive later say alive later stopped accident car goes control shoot opportunity talk later telling drive carefully wish stay alive going direct blackford knew national origin backseat driver re hungary want talk later thing say give instructions turn fountainebleau
barn storehouse wine casks dozens scattered varying stages dilapidation dusty dimly illuminated rotting wooden floor erno traveled dawn loop rope contrive rudimentary courtroom found stout plank propped wine casks sit plank large barrel serve jozsef chief judge table cask serving bench defendant seat blackford guided sit jozsef motioned pistol hungarians moved front sat plank gun middle girl blue shirt pistol cask front barrel pointing blackford tool chest jozsef brought car plank trial harry browne begun harry call jozsef nady frieda darvas aware met left erno toth try conspiring deliver theophilus molnar soviet executioners seventh november plead guilty guilty blackford drew breath solemnly guilty deny gave key address dohany street don deny true gave key sought protect knew likely trouble soviet executioners hold address dohany street collusion don
halfway cracker glass wine realized suddenly hungry explored refrigerator chicken ham cheese white wine put plate slabs finishing red wine opened white drew chair kitchen suddenly felt eerie sense joy exactly situate repertory emotions combat pilot days war knew emerge victor dogfight feeling deeper felt laughing drank glass wine put salt chicken radio hear music salon found ancient set worked brought frenchman droned bit voice gave finally overture don giovanni opened drawer desk found writing paper sat dear sally today course miss continue wonder insist resign placid career order practice engineering washington teach georgian band happy left hungry feasting cornucopia twentieth century literature build tell sky limit skyscraper say tall order cement ready
anthony woke blackford instructed note appended le left anthony room night black yup yawned accepting gratefully coffee remember give viktor tamara peanut butter sandwiches wouldn bed hungry bad performance dinner admit bet kidnappers feed guests reminds anthony rufus gave strict orders re rape tamara sorry salus publica suprema lex look salus oakes alouette likely anthony cut crap blackford blackford smiled okay going rufus called didn gotten paper leaving paris told note datelined talked vadim talked viktor problem spend need assumes answer questions answer hours reason carry blueprints character night expert maybe expert exactly guys want ask question want tamara think help english suppose vadim viktor say let put vadim talk showered tell worth vote makes easier outdoors atmosphere charged electricity snorts thunder alternating shafts brilliant yellow light
blackford spotted sat table womb concave booth half dozen row slightly shabby empire style main dining room blackford sipping kir reading newspaper beret glasses place maitre hotel event telephone call frieda sat quickly blackford rise help wore simple blouse starch white fine gold chain necklace wrist knitted cotton bracelet interweaving colors hungarian flag wore trace lipstick dark eyes liquid blackford began sorry precautions problem jozsef friends snapped anxious blackford signaled waiter asked dry vermouth le menu blackford tell afternoon called morning sick office closed couldn jozsef mind apartment told landlady hungarian recognizes jozsef called town asked collect things let closed door thing picture theo frame opened purse brought blackford winced seeing picture face seen hanging rope swinging cold budapest wind november
smiling adjusted collar tie bought paris slim hard currency allowance dabbed ears perfume bought set perfect summer night occasion formal meal vodka zakuska beer cafe sever coffee brandy hotel national midnight returned hotel happy knowledge sleep late wished morning noon lined enter bus pyotr viksne approached say viktor andreyevich apparently tamara returning flight tyura tam wish speak pointed general direction lubyanka suppose steel voice formality involving algerian business viktor knew knew instantly entirely reliable intuitions matters looked quickly tamara concerned critical anxiety face suggested knew viktor mind raced cared spared fact told arrangements told nature conversations vadim americans maneuver spare struggle disposition reaching vorkuta simply give accept fate vadim saved save tamara
blackford adjusted knobs pointed relevant dial extended crocodile clips young peter peter briscoe father stephen briscoe slightest suggestion stephen briscoe expected recognize blackford didn blackford oakes hi blackford thirty hesitation eighteen feel addressed mistered safer unadorned salutation peter tested electrical connection found active pulled knife battered leather sheath belt marlinespike jutting lying stomach cut inches electric tape wound wire splice sitting smiling satisfaction wind ran lanky brown hair skin evenly bronzed summer sun want beer coke thanks blackford tell looking couple weeks unexpected vacation charter boat sailboat yeah bareboat hand peter smiled voltmeter blackford returned smile knows cruising spots speaks english german wash dishes won trouble mid september need speak harbormaster olaf king olaf knows boat works hands speak english yah vee speek da english bit boy imitation natural enthusiasm tell spot olaf
sam talked career norway commercial fisherman conscription nazis war put superannuated german sergeant board sam fishing vessel functions bring fish catch turned germans remitted sam salary equivalent german corporal supplementary duty report shipping activity expedite sam equipped small boat sturdy radar served war finally decomposed wife insisted move stockholm look senescent mother adamantly refused leave land birth sam proceeds sale boat buy house water miles stockholm happened mother law outlived wife sam bedside lady finally died house lonely took young couple clerks owned liquor store company looked hjordis owner cosmopolitan permissive businessman spent sweden leaving hjordis sam maintain charter german sergeant spent war sam boat transmitting radio coded information adventitious encounters sea foreign vessels checking full catch fish duly turned german quartermaster ambushed resistance days occupation shot
twelve hours later aboard overnight flight stockholm gander york washington blackford looked darkening north sea wondered idly moment sputnik apogee kilometers viktor fine tuned declaration perigee kilometers comforted bumping propped constellation shut eyes perform arithmetic swedish airliner eleven hours travel distance sputnik travel twelve minutes damned tomorrow washington chaotic tomorrow chaotic think oakes born japanese case easy commit thing oakes russian case performed transitive verb beckoned stewardess drink perform surely reflexive verb verb simple noun surely office director interrupt ask happened answer question blacky wondered stepped forward confess wasn vadim knew knew beep beep beep beep beep beep beep beep beep say symbolic meaning defiant cluster sounds beginning tomorrow electrify serenade importune threaten cryptographic key blackford titled seat slowly closed eyes mind wandered lips gradually parted soon silent triumphant smile fantasy enthralled pinched erogenous zones sang pleasure
science practice wardrobe engineering idea research data manipulate dress individual draw favorable response meets testing groups react standard modes dress sounds simple elaborate process involves sophisticated data collecting techniques information collected analyzed stored computers multimillion dollar bank information results wardrobe engineering remarkable making adjustments woman wardrobe look successful educated increase chances top executive attractive types notice wardrobe engineering give women statistical edge areas term manipulate strike sinister wardrobe engineering sciences amoral money oriented status conscious society want succeed stand chance succeeding research determined look success stories illustrate wardrobe adjustments point women success accounting firm called promising young woman trouble executives firm outlined problem woman academic credentials star tax consultant worked home office client companies offices books advise officials executives invariably sound advice met problem obvious feet eleven inches ninety pounds blonde cute
firm dramatic step women professional equality adopt business uniform suggestion casually put basis spur moment notion suggestion product laborious research involving thousands women research led conclusion businesswomen adopt uniform gave ample information spell exactly uniform detailed explanation research project follows later chapter research projects accidentally luncheon appointment executives major corporation york restaurant didn names appointment arrived minutes early looked decided executives obviously shown drink bar paged fifteen minutes later discovered embarrassment sitting ten feet conservatively dressed women met considered possibility executives looking apologized told reaction normal trouble office tempted carry desk plaque vp sales agreed problem especially acute traveled hotels motels felt put
thing stage eliminate outfits chosen purpose stage find categories performing learn variations outfits categories tested individual ensembles compete cut field included top performers categories top outfit bottom categories purpose stage detailed information important businesswoman detailed information garments grouped surviving outfits sets divided male female executives surveying categories according kind company worked female dominated companies high fashion male dominated companies traditional male dominated companies continued survey general public sharply increased number male executives corporate clients helped supplying subjects point researching things general effect executive uniform effect executive uniform male executives survey reinforced previous skirted suit odds favorite groups businesswomen problem groups male executives male office workers skirted suit worked general public navy blue skirted suit worked executives charcoal gray outfits tested gray dress navy blazer gray pinstriped dress navy dress matching jacket black skirt black silk blouse
businesswoman tell hairstylist hair medium length medium short styled look mannish boyish fuller longer longer shoulder length delilah cut samson hair lost power women cut hair short thing women short hair hair feminine sexy appealing nonauthoritative woman wants authoritative hair medium range hair lie neatly place constant attention hair excessively curly wavy current fashion trend calls curls waves forget curls waves hurt business pierre expensive hair set won radical occasionally want tamper slightly fit outfit place visiting absolutely exotic hairstyle specific occasion wig pierre finishes want pictures purpose hairstyle photographed front side hair cut photos neighborhood stylist charges considerably pierre tell pictures women dyeing hair thousands variety reasons
woman birthday husband bought piece jewelry anniversary bring home trinket result drawerful insignificant jewelry circle moves today small inexpensive cocktail ring gear parties sporty tennis court women wished headed husbands wish re going buy jewelry don buy birthday valentine mother put money nice piece christmas husbands hefty storehouse jewelry wearing advice course applies women buying jewelry buying cheaper pieces buy piece women regret early marriage sold jewelry left mothers thought items looked dated wished remade stones gold worth fortune wives executives need thrive jewelry jump suddenly higher socioeconomic level buy clothing car difficult justify expense thousand dollars immediately jewelry think need diamonds jewelry worst enemy
dressing judge easy compared choosing costume juries realize juries deal precisely fit models describe models serve general guide money juries extinct conservative upper middle class grand juries homogenous juries composed successful women think establishment hard ability realized american dream tend look style reward virtue prejudice notion money generally deserving sign affluence positive jury outfit group depend approach going argue authoritative position dark colored skirted suit blue gray going friendly approach beige suit dress outfits conservative tailored fashionable women jury automatically relegate lower status clothing looks cheap dated jurors dress fashionably hard women lawyers note carefully women members jury dressed note foreman woman suburban juries mixture income levels predominately white treat suburban jury minority members white minority members suburbia solidly middle class suggest simple conservative dresses matching dress jackets neutral contrasting blazers
doctors favorite target women seeking successful easiest target read thermometer doctors attracted women wearing chic date expensive clothing prefer thin women clothing says models actions say socialites attracted women display obvious status symbols women wear labels handbags umbrellas label slapped designers start tattooing women doctors applaud convinced mrs hippocrates wore designer tunics doctors notoriously poor dressers want women dress exquisitely doctors wives look expensive closet fell doctors group america choose average looking woman festooned status symbols beautiful woman dress doctors simply buy shown york times fashion magazines wear doctors sense clothes attracted woman expensive dress casual picnic woods wearing jeans scientists engineers accountants exactly opposite reaction trained sense completion expect parts apparatus harmony turned wears wrong clothes occasion presents incomplete incongruous picture doctors re guessing game picture going human body
buy sale classic items traditional styles colors worn purchases end season idea buy fad fashion item end season conducted experiment sixty women asked record items bought end season price wear found bought traditional items percent happy purchase later thought excellent buy bought fashion fad items invariably displeased items closet sure markdowns legitimate don quality workmanship material notebook prices items sure note exact price date brand run item similar able judge worth survey markdowns cross section stores united states found percent stores exactly marking item rest marked store marked nice buy merchandise label includes store stores put garments sure going inside coat tattered months label says pierre hard paris complain
corporation interested spouse employee employee important company shows interest compliment husband important job considered groomed line job entertaining important executives major corporations say don care employees married pragmatic care statistical evidence showing employee marriage affects job performance higher levels inevitable times executives spouses effect representing company wife put husband boardroom idea rules corporate spouse game wives executives experts game conducting individual interviews executive wives holding group sessions examining wardrobes process interviewed wives executives interviews missouri promised wildly contrasting subject number married president part owner substantial company entertained frequently house club wardrobe envy cleopatra arsenal jewelry subject number married engineer rung management wardrobe simple modest jewels women thirties tell women going show
pause whilst ursula stitched gudrun sketch sisters women ursula twenty gudrun twenty remote virgin look modern girls sisters artemis hebe gudrun beautiful passive soft skinned soft wore dress dark blue silky stuff ruches blue green linen lace neck sleeves emerald green stockings look confidence diffidence contrasted ursula sensitive expectancy provincial intimidated gudrun perfect sang exclusive bareness manner smart woman london spent working art school student living studio hoping gudrun suddenly catching underlip teeth making strange grimace half sly smiling half anguish ursula afraid home expecting laughed dear cried gudrun strident wouldn look happen highly attractive individual sufficient means tailed ironically looked searchingly ursula probe don find getting bored asked sister don find things fail materialise materalises withers bud withers bud asked ursula oneself things general pause whilst sister vaguely considered fate frighten ursula pause hope marrying
school drawing close class room late lesson progress peaceful elementary botany desks littered catkins hazel willow children sketching sky overdark end afternoon approached scarcely light draw ursula stood front class leading children questions understand structure meaning catkins heavy copper coloured beam light west window gilding outlines children heads red gold falling wall opposite rich ruddy illumination ursula scarcely conscious busy end peaceful tide flood hushed retire activity trance end haste finish hand pressing children questions gong stood shadow front class catkins hand leaned children absorbed passion instruction heard notice click door suddenly started saw shaft ruddy copper coloured light face gleaming fire watching waiting aware startled terribly thought going faint suppressed subconscious fear sprang anguish startle birkin shaking hands
gerald eyes birkin face curiosity travel don asked birkin stand crowd replied gerald restaurant car tea looked station clock say reading paper birkin asked gerald looked quickly funny put newspapers leaders held daily telegraph full ordinary newspaper scanned columns dunno call essay appearing leaders saying arise give values things give truths attitude crumbling nothingness country ruin suppose bit newspaper birkin sounds meant genuinely gerald give birkin holding hand paper train board sitting side table window restaurant car birkin glanced paper looked gerald waiting believe means means think true think want gospel asked gerald birkin shrugged shoulders think say want religion accept want novelty
terrible shocks ran body shocks electricity volts electricity suddenly struck aware sitting silently unthinkable evil obstruction blotted mind pressed breathing silent stooping head terrible voluptuous thrill ran arms going voluptuous consummation arms quivered strong immeasurably irresistibly strong delight delight strength delirium pleasure going consummation voluptuous ecstasy coming utmost terror agony knew extremity bliss hand closed blue beautiful ball lapis lazuli stood desk paper weight rolled round hand rose silently heart pure flame breast purely unconscious ecstasy moved stood moment ecstasy closed spell remained motionless unconscious swiftly flame drenched body fluid lightning gave perfect unutterable consummation unutterable satisfaction brought ball jewel stone force crash head fingers deadened blow head table book lay stone slid ear convulsion pure bliss lit crushed pain fingers complete lifted arm high aim straight head lay dazed table
think creation depends merely trees grass birds prefer think lark rising morning humanless mistake grass hares adders unseen hosts actual angels freely dirty humanity interrupt pure demons nice pleased ursula pleased phantasy course pleasant fancy knew actuality humanity hideous actuality knew disappear cleanly conveniently hideous subtle feminine demoniacal soul knew swept face earth creation marvellously start non human mistakes creation ichthyosauri think lovely things liberated days things straight fire insidious diabolical knowledge horrors persistence ah answered believe proud angels demons fore runners destroy proud ichthyosauri proud crawled floundered look elder flowers bluebells sign pure creation takes place butterfly humanity caterpillar stage rots chrysalis wings
young cat trotted lordly path waving tail ordinary tabby white paws slender young gentleman crouching fluffy brownish grey cat stealing side fence mino walked statelily manly nonchalance crouched pressed ground humility fluffy soft outcast looking wild eyes green lovely jewels looked casually crept inches proceeding door crouching wonderful soft manner moving shadow going statelily slim legs walked suddenly pure excess gave light cuff paw side face ran steps blown leaf ground crouched unobtrusively submissive wild patience mino pretended notice blinked eyes superbly landscape minute drew moved softly fleecy brown grey shadow paces forward began quicken pace moment dream young grey lord sprang gave light handsome cuff subsided submissively wild cat birkin woods eyes stray cat flared round moment green fires staring birkin rushed soft swift rush half garden paused look round mino turned face pure superiority master slowly closed eyes standing statuesque young perfection
lay sick unmoved pure opposition knew breaking vessel held knew strong durable care thousand times chance death accept want persist persist persist till satisfied knew ursula referred knew rested live accept love proffered love dreadful bondage sort conscription thought love marriage children lived horrible privacy domestic connubial satisfaction repulsive wanted clearer open cooler hot narrow intimacy wife abhorrent shut doors married shut exclusive alliance love disgusted community mistrustful couples insulated private houses private rooms couples disinterested relationship admitted kaleidoscope couples disjoined separatist meaningless entities married couples true hated promiscuity worse marriage liaison kind coupling reactionary legal marriage reaction greater bore action hated sex limitation sex turned broken half couple woman broken half wanted single woman single
let outer unbroken unimpaired sat room moping dishevelled hawk motionless mindless children fierce youth meant scarcely lost gerald gleaming existence late head business forgotten father dying turned compassion gerald opposition gerald feared despised father extent avoided boyhood young manhood father felt real dislike eldest son wanting give refused acknowledge gerald leaving gerald home assumed responsibility firm proved wonderful director father tired weary concerns put trust things son implicitly leaving assuming touching dependence young enemy immediately roused poignant pity allegiance gerald heart shadowed contempt unadmitted enmity gerald reaction charity dominated assumed supremacy confute partly subject father stood reaction save
gudrun looked gerald strange darkened eyes strained underworld knowledge supplicating creature mercy ultimate victor say felt mutual hellish recognition felt say cover power lightning nerves soft recipient magical hideous white fire unconfident qualms fear hurt asked insensible beast turning face court shut red walls crevices wallflowers growing grass soft fine level floor carpeting court sky blue overhead gerald tossed rabbit crouched move gudrun watched faint horror move cried skulking looked slight sinister smile contracted white face fool cried sickening fool vindictive mockery voice brain quiver glancing eyes revealed mocking white cruel recognition league abhorrent implicated abhorrent mysteries scratches asked showing hard forearm white hard torn red gashes vile cried flushing sinister vision mine lifted arm showed deep red score silken white flesh devil exclaimed
ursula suffered hermione felt hermione cool evidence put hermione brooded brooded till exhausted ache effort consciousness spent ashen body gained slowly effort final barren conclusions knowledge apt presence women thought simply female wear conclusions bitter assurance jewels conferred distinction established higher order apt mentally condescend women ursula regarded purely emotional poor hermione possession aching certainty justification confident god knows felt rejected deficient thought spirit elect wanted universal devastating cynicism bottom believe universals reality believe spiritual affectation resort believed mammon flesh devil sham priestess belief conviction suckled creed outworn condemned reiteration mysteries divine escape leaf dying tree help fight withered truths die outworn belief sacred inviolate priestess desecrated mysteries truths true
clearer look birkin face knew main knew perverse spiritual hand strange degraded true lies stink hermione spiritual intimacy rottener emotional jealous intimacy preserve decencies enemies sake hermione enemy breath bow field enemies bows pretty picture takes jealous say voice sprang flame say true foul false liar whited sepulchre say hear grateful added satirical grimace yes cried spark decency retorted cried haven spark mine slightest leave don want farther leave don don bother assure ten shillings purse brought hesitated rings fingers finger ring finger hesitated hopeless thing fool
dinner faced ultimate experience nothingness turned pulled boots put coat set walk night dark misty woods stumbling feeling mill birking half glad turned hill stumbled blindly wild slopes lost path complete darkness boring going matter stumbled till path wood mind dark automatically thought sensation stumbled unevenly open fumbling stiles losing path going hedges fields till outlet high road distracted struggle blindly maze darkness direction direction resolved merely walking walking direction stood road high utterly dark night strange sensation heart beating ringed round utterly unknown darkness stood heard footsteps saw small swinging light immediately miner tell road goes road ay goes ter whatmore whatmore thank thought wrong night night replied broad voice miner
knew loved sure let hold bear question gave delight loved knew spite joy abandoned bit saddened give activity dared nakedly nakedness abandoning adjustment lapsing pure faith abandoned took hold gathered joy enjoyed fully moment left glad hope glorious free full liberty soft patient preparations leave gudrun room gerald dressed ready evening indoors prune ursula think morrow stand snow hurts skin soul hurt soul ursula asked gudrun surprise believe hurts skin terrible thought admirable soul mine injures ursula cried gudrun silence room ursula birkin feel gudrun gerald relieved going south gerald ring uneasiness voice yes birkin turning
curious sense elation freedom gudrun found communication felt established course gerald bagatelle love temporal things artist thought cleopatra cleopatra artist reaped essential harvested ultimate sensation threw husk mary stuart rachel panting lovers theatre exoteric exponents love lover fuel transport subtle knowledge female art art pure perfect knowledge sensuous understanding evening gerald arguing loerke italy tripoli englishman strange inflammable german excited contest words meant conflict spirit gudrun gerald arrogant english contempt foreigner gerald quivering eyes flashing face flushed argument brusqueness savage contempt manner gudrun blood flare loerke keen mortified gerald sledge hammer assertions german merely contemptible rubbish loerke turned gudrun raising hands helpless irony shrug ironical dismissal appealing child sehen sie gnadige frau began bitte sagen sie nicht immer gnadige frau cried gudrun eyes flashing cheeks burning looked vivid medusa voice loud clamorous room startled don call mrs crich cried aloud
god saying french religious teacher surely false god god ichthyosauri mastodon monsters failed creatively develop god creative mystery dispensed mystery dispense fail creatively change develop eternal creative mystery dispose replace finer created horse place mastodon consoling birkin think humanity ran de sac expended timeless creative mystery bring finer wonderful lovely race carry embodiment creation game mystery creation fathomless infallible inexhaustible races species passed species arose lovely equally lovely surpassing wonder fountain head incorruptible unsearchable limits bring miracles create utter races species hour forms consciousness forms body units compared possibilites creative mystery pulse beating direct mystery perfection unutterable satisfaction human inhuman mattered perfect pulse throbbed indescribable miraculous unborn species birkin home gerald room sat bed dead dead cold imperial caesar dead turned clay stop hole wind response gerald
fields family fortune shoes mrs fields boston weeks brought money marriage fields family managed footwear removed shoe factories ago lived large shingled house hampshire shore dog head harbor jenny home days nights mainly mother convince grande dame jenny slumming nurse mother remarked developing slovenly habits speech moral person jenny frequently met brothers north station rode home train members fields family bidden rode hand side boston maine train left boston sat left returned complied wishes senior fields admitted ugliest scenery lay side train felt fieldses forced face grimy source independence higher hand side train leaving boston left returned passed fields factory outlet haverhill vast billboard huge shoe taking firm step billboard towered railroad yard reflected countless miniatures windows shoe plant beneath menacing advancing foot words fields feet factory fields fields line nursing shoe fields gave daughter free pair home jenny dozen pairs
night supper jenny find garp free wander infirmary annex talking boys jenny paged intercom wanted apartment garp home say instructions rooms visit contagious cases boys felt rotten prefer left garp liked athletic injuries liked looking casts slings big bandages liked listening injury mother nurse heart happy run errands patients deliver messages sneak food night garp respond garp home call intercom broadcast room infirmary annex rooms garp strict orders lab surgery ray garp couldn hear garp home message jenny knew trouble buildings quickly organized search party healthier mobile patients foggy night early spring boys called damp forsythia parking lot poked dark empty nooks forbidden equipment rooms jenny indulged fears checked laundry chute slick cylinder floors dropped straight basement garp allowed put laundry chute beneath chute shot ceiling spewed contents basement floor laundry cold cement
midge percy bonkers wrote jenny fields dog killer protected thin senseless bits logic upper classes america famous children pets aristocracy couldn possibly free hurt overpopulate allowed release dogs dogs children rich run free curs upper class garp call dogs children agreed mother percy dog bonkers newfoundland retriever dangerous newfoundland breed oily coated dog resembling black saint bernard webbed feet generally slothful friendly percy lawn bonkers broke touch football game hurling hundred seventy pounds garp biting child left ear lobe part rest garp ear bonkers ear dog notably lacking concentration children fled directions bonkie bit younger percy pulling midge phone percy family habit put end family member children stewart jr randolph william cushman girl bainbridge girl called family stewie dopey shrill willy cushie pooh poor bainbridge convert easily ending family diapers cute attempt descriptive literary pooh
gotten story close interesting family found interesting father family sort inspector family job job involved scrutinizing restaurants hotels pensions austria evaluating giving rating according job garp imagined country austria dependent tourism classification reclassification places tourists ate slept kind desperate importance garp couldn imagine important family funny job exposed flaws gave grades easier write helen late summer early fall garp walked rode trolleys vienna meeting wrote helen part adolescence feeling understand garp wrote believed vienna enhanced feeling vienna perception numerically correct vienna age garp viennese born matter viennese born start nazi occupation end war surprising number babies born rapes viennese wanted babies end russian occupation
family dutifully theobald grandmother twining hall father counting paces hall rug thin color shadow walls photographs speed skating teams feet strange blades curled tips court jesters shoes runners ancient sleds robo running ahead announced discovery grandmother room full china polished wood hint mold drapes damp bed unsettling ridge center fur risen dog spine slender body lay stretched beneath bedspread grandmother theobald reeled room wounded told live grandmother asked father basis pension grillparzer hope decidedly father born die say grandmother told dim tearoom tie sang hungarian song mean hungarian father reassured johanna skeptical say odds favor suggested tea coffee robo ate cake claimed mother smoked cigarette trying quit trying start shared cigarette fact promised smoke guest herr theobald whispered father singer knows songs hungary grandmother smiled
hungarian singer woman thrilled voice dream institution dreams turned nightmares awakened pension night horrifying howls removal seedy premises herr theobald sister simultaneous loss grillparzer rating herr theobald dead dropped clutching heart hall ventured night investigate thought prowler duna malcontent bear dressed dream pin striped suit theobald sister dressed bear fashion explained shock sullen animal unicycling lunatic left clothes scare herr theobald death walk hands fallen gravest trouble wristwatch snagged tine escalator suddenly unable hop necktie rarely wore dragged ground walked hands drawn step grate end escalator strangled line formed marching place taking step allowing escalator carry forward taking step nerve step unintentionally cruel mechanisms designed walk hands theobald sister told pension grillparzer class worse burden management fell heavily duna bear grew senile indecent habits
writing beginning idea job seriously writing thinking needed job running imagine thought liked written liked going duncan called garp stopped dreaming boy wearing bright orange rucksack yellow sleeping bag rolled tied pack garp chosen visibility give ride garp duncan rolled eyes mom car dad course garp grinned foolishly saw duncan going bicycle called door don walk duncan duncan exasperated spine won severed car driven crazed teen drunken suffering heart attack swipes street garp thought wonderful warm chest cracked curbstone special skull split open land sidewalk asshole wraps rug pet discovered gutter dolts suburbs guess owns green white house corner elm dodge think drives home rings bell says uh sorry pointing spillage bloody seat asks
occurred garp instructional story war dog teasing cat inevitable killer truck terrifying walt dream walt saw abandoned army truck size shape tank guns inexplicable tools evil looking attachments windshield slit bigger letter slot black course dog tied truck size pony leaner cruel loping slow motion end alley weak looking chain spiraling chain looked strong hold dog end alley legs buttery stumbling hopelessly clumsy unable flee walt bumbled circles couldn going terrible dog chain snapped truck lurched forward started dog walk grabbed dog fur sweaty coarse father armpit lost grip dog throat walt running street trucks abandoned army truck rolled heavily past massive rear wheels rows stacked giant doughnuts sides mere gun slits windshields drivers couldn course couldn walt father kissed walt dream slipped safe smell father feel father hands heard father say dream walt
policemen conference red glow taillights squad car decided give garp duncan ride home garp show information regarding identity don recognize pictures beard older policeman ago garp sadly town garp felt uneasy young caftan house garps lived garp imagined young show asking remember kid asked duncan don think duncan politely asleep boy admitted garp re uptight children children fine child garp dozen boy maybe wouldn uptight sounded garp mother called percy theory children left garp told policeman driving corner policeman handed duncan lollipop thank duncan kid caftan asked lollipops policeman glared turned duncan gave kid lollipop duncan fan lollipops thank boy whispered garp kids beautiful helen garp thought doorway light blue floor length robe high roll collar helen collar turned cold
factor decision twenty minutes remaining shortest movie set mind task remaining messy business ended turned worse felt slightly proud proved family priority garp appreciate thought determined noticed michael milton grip loosen neck returned hands steering wheel actually piloting experience let think wants think thought thinking family notice sleet nearly hard hail rattled big buick tapping countless hammers driving nails sense car groaning snapping thickening tomb ice hear telephone ringing warm house weather interference house lay stupid movie typical children taste films garp thought typical taste university town typical entire country typical garp raged heart paid attention walt labored breathing thick rivulets snot tiny nose careful don choke popcorn whispered walt won choke walt taking eyes giant screen
jenny late arrivals guest taking bath garps heard tub drawn heard plunking water splashing soapy sounds light singing person humming remembered course walt washed hearing listen telltale slipping sounds frightening sound sound call walt walt say say okay checking sure slipped drowned walt liked lie ears underwater listening fingers climbing walls tub wouldn hear garp helen calling look surprised anxious faces suddenly peering rim tub say sitting answer god sake walt garp tell call answer didn hear walt head water helen wash hair walt asked lousy wash hair walt garp call wash hair okay walt left put head underwater listen helen garp lay garp narrow bed guest rooms garrets dog head harbor house bathrooms couldn sure bathroom listening listened
bensenhaver felt lots open space employment nighttime beat squad car cruising route sandusky toledo summers road speckled beer joints homemade signs promising bowling pool smoked fish live bait arden bensenhaver drive slowly sandusky bay lake erie toledo waiting drunken carfuls teen agers fishermen play chicken unlit lane road later police superintendent toledo bensenhaver driven daytime harmless stretch road bait shops beer palaces fast food services looked exposed daylight watching feared bully strip fight saw thick neck dense chest wristless arms shirt saw sad helpless paunch arden bensenhaver hated night bensenhaver big plea city government toledo lighting saturday nights toledo lighting saturday nights toledo working city bensenhaver believed city afford light brightly saturday night half gashings maimings general bodily abusings stop toledo thought idea dim toledo unimpressed arden bensenhaver ideas questioning methods bensenhaver relaxed open country perspective dangerous wanted circling flat open land helicopter detached overseer observing contained lit kingdom
dickie turned woodpile garp turned car frozen turds dotted yard hair looks dickie called remark sincere dickie splitting logs garp waved driver seat car window nanette beauty salon harriet truckenmiller waved garp wave meant encourage sure drove village north mountain drank cup coffee diner gas gas station looked pretty hair mirror garp looked pretty hair drove home arriving celebration ellen publication uneasy news helen admit sat lobster scallops champagne waiting helen duncan comment hair dishes ellen james handed soggy note hair nodded irritably don helen told bed think terrific garp helen muss looks hair corpse darkness corpse garp jesus body prepared undertaker helen frantically running hands hair hair place perfect don look alive cried cried garp held whispered trying find matter
quiet house helen heard squeak boots snow slow cranking car cold engine heard garp call duncan walking driveway school yup duncan called car started ellen james driving university drive carefully garp called helen coffee occasionally inarticulateness baby jenny talked reminded helen ellen jamesians ellen upset morning baby playing quietly plastic things helen hear garp typewriter wrote hours typewriter burst pages silent helen imagined garp stopped breathing forgotten lost reading task jenny typewriter burst eleven thirty morning helen heard call roberta muldoon garp wanted squash game wrestling practice roberta girls garp called fields foundation fellows girls today roberta garp roberta couldn play helen heard disappointment garp voice later poor roberta repeat repeat played played saying maybe spotted coming maybe alert edgy recognizing spoor real paw prints garp overlooked roberta muldoon play squash garp wrote half hour
sunday afternoon duncan jenny watched pro football duncan hospital tv omen duncan thought vermont station carried game sunday philadelphia eagles creamed cowboys game didn matter game ceremony duncan appreciated flag half mast tight end robert muldoon scoreboard flashed duncan noted times changed feminist funerals read big nebraska philadelphia sports announcer managed say snickering flag flew half mast roberta muldoon fine athlete announcer mumbled pair hands extraordinary person agreed announcer spoke yeah didda lot struggled duncan waited hear freaks weirdos sexual disasters father mother ellen james didda lot wid complicated lives sports announcer surprising duncan garp dignity band played dallas cowboys kicked philadelphia eagles kickoffs eagles receive duncan garp imagine father appreciating announcer struggle tactful kind duncan actually imagined garp whooping roberta duncan felt roberta privy eulogy garp hilarious awkwardness news garp mimic announcer didda lot refashioning da vagina ha roberta roar boy garp holler boy
voice volume loudness voice speaking voice loud soft speaker voice volumes help emphasize ideas speaker increase voice volume announce promotion coworker speaker lower volume voice describe details coworker job experience pronunciation words factor affects pronunciation region person lives raised person england pronounce word program progrum regional variations pronunciation acceptable listeners incorrect pronunciation acceptable learn say words correctly looking pronunciation dictionary practice saying words correctly sure pronounced proper enunciation means pronouncing words precisely distinctly means speaker says syllable clearly listener understand speaker says don dunno give gimme library libary practice enunciating words phrases say clearly say speaker proper flow speaks speed listener understand speech fast listener able understand word miss part message speaker speaks slowly listener lose interest message speakers vary flow maintain listener interest speaking rapidly slowly
communicating orally writing addressing audience audience person hundreds person persons directing message knowing appeal needs audience valuable communication skill audience needs determine reaction message effective business communication part results knowing appeal needs business advertises product trying respond needs potential customers business sends letter appealing needs audience person persons reading letter business trying ask answer question supply information advertise product promote goodwill abraham maslow psychologist developed system classifying human needs basic understanding system help prepare business messages beginning level consisting basic needs proceeding higher levels maslow established levels human needs levels known maslow hierarchy needs physical needs include basic needs food water air clothing shelter safety needs include protected violence poor health poverty physical psychological injury belonging needs include friendship love affection approval acceptance esteem needs include recognition respect result power status fame needs include attainment full potential fulfillment achievement goals
difference sentences demanding harsh offensive courteous businesslike sentence result loss customers business help business customers examples sentence shows consideration situation requires firmness writer message achieved sense consideration techniques positive approach tact common courtesy promptness techniques discussed section rarely told childhood adult respond positive words negative business communicator want mind preference positive negative negative words course important place language remember positive messages generally received audience negative demonstrates negative approach type approach avoided type business communication message feel likely respond resentment anger negative feelings message offensive negative words warning fail feel subconsciously child scolded parent adult consider replacement refund return defective merchandise days purchase
reach telephone answering machine remember manners talking directly person telephone remember eventually listen recorded voice specific guidelines follow encounter telephone answering machine leave message hang discovering reached telephone answering machine return call information needed leave full company call job related telephone number briefly describe reason call speak clearly receiver remember speaking telephone voice recorded talk talking directly person called conversational tone talk directly person hear exact words eventually concise telephone answering machines reserve minute message place saying certainly holds true language writers speakers forms english depending audience purpose occasion talk differently parents teachers talk friends talk differently weddings graduations talk ball games picnics dances business speak write follow rules standard english mastering standard english important step succeeding business chapter purpose help review basics english usage
communicate effectively business need understand subject verb agreement communicating orally writing able correct verb forms subjects understood study rules section help proper subject verb agreement subject verb agreement correct form verb singular plural subject sentence clause verb agree subject singular subject takes singular verb begins reading proposal plural subject takes plural verb days begin reading proposal grammar term number means singular plural basic rule subject verb agreement say verb agree number subject basic rule subject verb agreement holds true sentence clause subject verb agreement difficult determine subject verb agreement troublesome situations subject separated verb subject comes verb subject clearly singular plural verb sentence agree subject matter words separate subject verb subject separated verb allow presence noun verb confuse arrangement companies clear profits quarter fiscal subject follows verb verb agrees subject noun sentence
addition correct grammar proper sentence structure writers need follow guidelines business communication guidelines mechanics writing mechanics writing help ensure consistent style attractive appearance ease understanding written communication actually experienced business writers follow guidelines automatically mechanically compose communication mechanics writing include main categories capitalization word division abbreviations numbers category specific rules apply studying practicing sets rules beginning business writers soon learn capitalize divide words abbreviations numbers correctly thought chapter read mechanics read chapter able capitalize words correctly sentences identify proper word division words terms explain abbreviate words business communication describe style common business abbreviations explain figures represent numbers spell numbers words process starting word capital letter referred capitalization capitalization standard customary generally words parts sentences capitalized stand words sentences readers expect proper capital letters beginnings sentences beginnings names titles written addition readers accustomed seeing certains parts business letters emphasized capital letters readers expect accurate capitalization important learn capitalization correctly business writing
improve spelling learning rules practicing helpful techniques spelling techniques include looking words memorizing spelling diffuclt words making memory devices pronouncing words properly instances business communication excuse incorrect spelling write opportunity check spelling consulting reference source dictionary let pressure deadlines laziness poor speller uncertain correct spelling word sure look fact write dictionary wordbook nearby spellers rely dictionaries wordbooks check words rule follow check word frequently misspell doubt wonder look word dictionary sure exactly spell word guidelines help locate word dictionary begin looking spelling think correct find word listed spelling examine word includes letters combinations letters spelled look spellings sure check definition word deal difference meaning capital capitol wholly holy holey words homographs
addition word entries information provided dictionaries information includes entries biographic geographic names lists colleges universities frequently grammar punctuation capitalization word division spelling rules provided dictionaries illustrate proofreader marks section read dictionary help spell words correctly dictionary dictionary help find answer question words dictionary answer questions form plural possessive noun spell tenses irregular verbs pronounce word heard spoken word meanings word english language syllables word hyphenate word part speech word sentence words express similar opposite meaning word dictionaries provide information spelling pronunciation definitions capitalization history syllable division word division word function related words usage dictionaries list acceptable spellings words presently english language boldfaced word identify entry tells word acceptable spelling spelling acceptable acceptable spellings shown dictionaries spellings equally acceptable connected word spellings acceptable spelling business communication commonly
successful business writer need write sentences clear correct strong effective section describes techniques sentences strong effective techniques include active voice varying sentence structure variety words chapter section explained transitive verbs voices active passive active voice subject sentence passive voice subject receiving action passive voice form verb past participle section chapter explained active passive voices create effective sentences general rule try write sentences active voice sentences stronger effective written passive voice generally active voice preferable direct requires fewer words want need passive voice performed action verb sentence passive choose write sentence passive voice performed action want say times want passive voice emphasize person thing received action putting person thing subject position making verb passive give emphasis passive voice situations
business grant request fact business writers find say requests refuse requests information favors materials services reservations appointments case reply upsetting person request challenge say reader think yes future business writer reply letter letter denies request maintaining say harming relationship person request times say reader goodwill plan word reply letter carefully reply characteristics prompt clear tactful courteous reply letter mailed hours receipt request understand concern person request clear tactful courteous letter encourage reader turn understand saying addition reply answer request completely reply lack interest longer reply suggests writer cared respond thoughtfully ways sure reply letter effective write letter according approach approach consists parts
determining reply claim letters depends largely store company policy businesses management decides customer concept based assumption customers treated regardless errors generosity pays run stores companies believe establishing rules bend rules special customers policy decision grant claim depend extent attitudes policies company instructed grant claim valid justified task easy letter brings news willing give refund replace damaged item correct bill reader actions speak louder words favorable news letter reader adjustment letter situation opportunity build goodwill maintain reader eager customer thing reader wants opening envelope claim granted say immediately sentence purpose tell news news opener explain reason favorable action error page shows paragraph offers explanation news opener letter granting claim billing error similar approach give news explain error
difficult claim situation arises buyer seller fault suppose receive order manager boutique features dresses juniors order includes dozen dresses regular misses size note unusual juniors boutique sell regular size dresses manager error order ship dresses receive letter manager asking exchange dresses pay shipping costs manager claims realized boutique handle regular sizes want pay shipping costs legally send ordered realize fault questioning order want continue business boutique handle situation thank writing dresses shipped realize questioned order misses dresses generally concerned filling order accurately promptly ordinarily question order feel partly responsible occurred willing send expense junior dresses want appreciate returning misses dresses believe agree fair reasonable settlement problem soon hear send dresses promptly plenty spring sale
information age expanded computers rapid change information need communicate orally daily basis employees kinds businesses expected basic speaking skills variety tasks tasks include greeting introducing visitors discussing problems coworkers supervisors participating effectively meetings making presentations giving speeches type business office need speaking skills communicate effectively situations ways contact business visting business person sales representatives customers job applicants kinds visit businesses businesses realize contact person business helps form image person company careful sure employees greet vistors properly large companies receptionist person greet visitor smaller companies employee responsible greeting visitors find job responsibilities include greeting visitors remember key properly courtesy greet visitor company projecting image company project positive image help company increase business gaining customer community support project negative image lose person customer supporter decrease company business
listening business communication skill developed improved practice estimated listening takes approximately percent spent communicating listening skill business communicators variety situations typical business communicator interest develop listening skills times heard say re listening says means person heard message listening hear listen speak hearing voice person speaking thinking content message hearing want hear thinking listening case listen miss part message spoken message intended receiver message listen business office workers listen carefully mistakes cost companies hundreds thousands dollars miss important instructions supervisor coworker damage reputation reputation company find supervisor lose confidence abilities pass promotions raises start attentive listener understand reasons poor listening
hundred answer newspaper advertisement job thousands seek job advertised radio television employers interview short period ask job seekers apply writing person employers generally invite select number applicants interviews read screened letters resumes received resume written data sheet sums job applicant educational background skills experiences silent salesperson potential employer impression primary purpose resume introduce employers skills abilities silent salesperson resume serves purposes resume efficient sharing summary business skills number frequently person involved screening job application resume semipermanent record personnel files company hires record referred company considers future promotions job transfers hired immediately resume ready reference employer future job opportunities arise ways write resume resume manages complete lesson read write resume attention employer holds employer attention leaves impression abilities resume written employer add note top invite interview
passing friends participating class getting information selling tickets school game nearly involves communication communication tool accomplish goals meet social decision making needs affect aspect number social needs instance need receive affection show feelings wanted love communication fulfill needs let look ways communication helps socially communicate pleasure think recall times past talked reason pass enjoyable class strike conversation bell rings say unimportant act communicating pleasure communicate show care classes pass friend hall say happening expect person stop recount events actually saying recognize want recognize care think days feeling passed hall hi re happening didn greetings feel communicate build maintain satisfying relationships meet talk find common
language system sounds symbols communicate ideas feelings let examine key features language detail appreciation complexity importance system group elements english language system consists subsystems sounds phonology words morphology sounds words arranged syntax subsystems sounds words arrangement stands blended create language symbol stands speak write words symbols stand ideas actions objects feelings book word stands object reading word book object represents object conventional means accepted large number write object called pen pencil reason comfortable word pen pencil stand object named object large number accepted wished call pen gork calling pen gork change pen heard symbol gork standing pen talking words language communicate meaning large numbers language accept recognize meanings symbols words daily culture mean thing
angela roth professional nonverbal communicator watching sign language fascinated child renewed interest later friend helped person hearing impairment learn sign language continued study sign language teacher nationally certified interpreter american sign language manually coded english ms roth draws verbal background english spanish translate spoken spanish american sign language spanish asserts matter sign language matter thinking sign language learning language learning culture thinking language sign language rules facial expression part grammar sign language miss facial expression ms roth says miss adjective adverb key meaning sentence sign language mime according ms roth elements mime dramatic gesture facial expression nonverbal cues makes learning sign language difficult americans tend reserved speaking sign language expressive spoken language ms roth says need open feelings comments learning sign language americans enjoy able express emotional subjective side messages openly signs fact begin incorporating gestures freely everyday communication
suspect lynda chaney owner successful scissor magic beauty salon considered shy talk strangers force join conversations younger meet talk hard learned main thing listen mrs chaney believes conversation skills sincere interest indispensable business hair styling highly personal activity patrons want relaxing experience pleasant conversation centers interests builds trust puts ease convinced atmosphere salon important making quiet conversation says salon attractive cheerful clean peaceful mrs chaney salon large windows crisp curtains pots lush green plants certainly fits description begin conversation patron mrs chaney asks family home client child asks school favorite teacher book toy says want children feel ease friendly wiggle topics conversation mrs chaney strictly avoids religion politics easy arguments start talking emotionally charged subjects rule argue patrons mrs chaney feels entrepreneur wants enterprise thrive policy customer works
interview form communication obtain information asking questions interview conducted face face interviewer person conducts interview interviewee person interviewed interviewer asks questions find interviewee meets set criteria employment firm acceptance college opportunity interviewee responds describing qualifications experiences interview form communication interviewee ask questions find firm college meets criteria interviews conducted number purposes chapter focuses types interviews likely major impact job interview college interview chapter study interview gather information apply job likely part job interview companies job interviews conducted head department angela thompson girl short dialogue beginning chapter interviewed richard parker director marketing division generic products small companies job interviews conducted head company large companies personnel departments responsible interviewing hiring apply college likely find college interview part application process
situation joel behave spend daydreaming success sit begin preparing speech night due panic pick topic comes mind rush encyclopedia find say try desperately complete speech speakers follow course achieve dreams success key making successful speech thoughful preparation getting started difficult chapter presents steps follow sure start track soon give formal speech class topic topics develop speech give matter thought speech topics subject areas interested choices begin identifying topic speech list subject area interests headings part job school weekends job give interesting subject area speech instance joe foster working part nearly nursery specializes lawn garden care works greenhouses winter lawn maintenance crew summer vocational knowledge interests joel write lawn garden care
speaking writing similar differ important ways basis difference spoken language meant ear written language meant eye spoken language understandable immediately listeners look sentence paragraph page readers despite drawback speakers major advantage writers addition words speakers facial expressions gestures tone voice help clarify meaning spoken language generally relies fewer words written language words speaking require large vocabulary writing addition speakers rely heavily writers familiar words short words spoken sentences tend slightly shorter written sentences especially listening reading difficult follow train thought sentence spoken language tends qualifiers written language speakers expressions think say point want reason abundance qualifiers reader sentence times wring ounce meaning listener shot meaning knowing difference speakers help listeners providing verbal clues unnecessary writing speaking personal words writing speeches personal pronouns addition spoken language generally reference family members relationships written language
emphasis force special attention word point emphasis signal audience exactly want remember chapter learned emphasis achieved gestures sound voice look emphasis achieved repetition announcment easiest common means showing emphasis repetition repetition saying thing charlene physics tests imagine physics tests drawing special attention charlene grade repeating repetition tells audience pay attention important sparingly appropriately repetition powerful device form repetiton restatement restatement repetition idea necessarily words suppose say charlene physics tests imagine tests term charlene restatement idea repeated language repetition emphasize single bit information build series related ideas masters repetition dr martin luther king jr speeches word repetition add power statements speech dream included full page examples repetition
speaker stand lectern piece furniture designed hold speaker materials lectern resembles metal music stand elaborate structure wood portable boxlike object sits table case top slightly tilted materials seen easily speaker sight audience speaking situations expect speaker stand granted rehearse speech try rely speaker stand give speech feel free stand free speak lectern help place rest notes materials audience seeing focal point audience attention represents kind home base speech walk stand mark place return stand present distraction lectern leaning post clutched drowning person clutch preserver hide entire speech lectern aid treated allowed notes rest stand
ready give persuasive speech need choose topic decide speech objective gather supporting information consider techniques persuasion type speech choose topic interests persuasive speech guidelines mean look topic concerned topic believe attempts speak topics interest insufficient information lead disaster persuasive speeches concerned censorship crime political tension arms race topics persuasive speech gloria marcus concerned getting ann welch elected topic gloria talked soon topic mind need write clear specific purpose called proposition persuasive speech proposition complete sentence states fact trying establish belief trying establish change policy trying audience support act topic phrased accomplish goals imagine decided give speech taxes write propositions fact belief policy bottom page write proposition based want accomplish proposition goal prove income taxes common societies statement fact true
group discussion goal directed form communication means differs group conversation specific purpose follows specific format words group discussion small group shoot breeze meet group purpose sharing information solving problem arriving workable decision effective group manageable number ordinarily groups groups say number group stir lively discussion members feel unable talk easily freely group number members reach split decision percent members backing choice percent backing odd number prevents deadlock tie carry effective discussion group working environment group lit room seated circular pattern working private group sit full circle seating arrangement equal status addition member member exchange ideas directly freely working public group sit semicircle opening semicircle facing audience seating arrangement members exchange ideas freely audience clear view proceedings
leaders earn lead prepared leader matter setting group leader expect group members prepared prepared find groups likely accept leaders talking expect leaders earn lead showing willingness hard group members harder leader willing maintain support leader leaders earn lead demonstrating speaking skills expect leaders clear precise hesitant fill sentences uh ah likely question ability lead confident enthusiastic decisive likely support appointed leaders behave ways leaders adopt styles laissez faire leadership style puts responsibility procedure hands group style called nondirective members group assume leadership role define leadership giving direction style considered nonleadership group knows exactly discussion proceed direction members group likely find laissez faire leadership insufficient guidance authoritarian leadership style places responsibility hands authoritarian leader
beginning actors perform saying lines fail miserably contributing drama speaking create illusion real actor stage contribute total effect engaging business hand actors develop overpowering business constantly calling attention audience attention supposed focused play diary anne frank characters stage location play proceeds attention focused anne mother center stage shift character side stage actors busy times attention supposed anne mother actor business dramatic calls attention inappropriate fine line exists portraying defined character fully integrated business stealing show acting creative behavior virtually universal actor goes trite conventional responses anne frank thirteen girl actress play part simply thinking girl age behaves portray anne successfully performer sensitive girl peculiar situation words actress need stereotype uncover makes anne special playing typical thirteen girl anne circumstances actions unique
wendy brenon workday morning newscaster kemm fm greenville texas begins checks sheriff police calls comments newsperson worst nightmare morning absolutely worth reporting happened quick briefing night disk jockey ms brenon reviews press wire service printout marking stories air task fairly simple stories listed order importance checks closely story local interest rapidly thumbs stack city county news articles afternoon newscaster written rehearse farm report news broadcast look urgent items posted office wall cheat glancing local newspaper rehearse farm report broadcasts wendy brenon reads copy silently reads aloud pencil held teeth sounds silly says works trick learned kemm read loud holding pencil works pencil pen teeth articulate clearly important radio listeners expressions gestures skills wendy brenon believes radio newsperson needs cultivate interviewing open questions meeting talking types easily acting
football american tradition half whistle blows spectators rush snack missing american tradition tradition half show millions american high school college students involved marching band programs fans don appreciate understand effort goes putting half show field minutes want familiarize steps involved putting half show step putting half show leader plan routines band execute half shows planned summertime weeks practice band director thinks routines sets paper grids grid resembles football field instrumental section bank denoted symbol visual aid suppose part show director wanted band move unison field break blocks draw grid visual aid complete half show require twenty thirty grids indicating number steps directions step putting half show band leader familiarize section leaders formations planned section leaders meet band director week discuss drill section leader charge band members field band consists eighty band members director meet ten twenty section leaders
study choices effort satisfy wants needs called economics wants needs refer desires consume goods services economic terms physical object purchased record house car examples service action activity fee lawyers plumbers teachers taxicab drivers perform services term product refer goods services wish buy goods services called consumers goods buy called consumer goods goods provide services satisfy consumers wants needs called producers economists generally classify needs goods services survival food clothing shelter considered needs wants goods services consume needed survival need making choices arises problem scarcity scarcity exists wants needs greater resources satisfy choose resources satisfy greatest number wants needs resource obtain want need resources produce goods services called factors production economists divide factors production categories natural resources human resources capital resources today economists added technology entrepreneurship list
nations affected scarcity nations resources satisfy wants needs nations reality national leaders choices concerning resources nations choices answering basic questions economics goods services produced goods services produced goods services produced question goods services produce involves factors nation decide percentage resources devoted producing capital goods percentage devoted producing consumer goods percentage determined nation decide types capital consumer goods produced question goods services produced involves determining employ nation natural human capital resources production simple based primarily human labor complex based primarily machines question goods services produced answered ways nation choose receive equal share produced truer reality receive goods services distribution unequal nation determine receive goods services amounts type economic system nation determines answers basic questions economic system organized set procedures nation follows producing distributing goods services economists identified types economic systems
production decisions influenced productivity costs production manufacturers analyze production costs making supply decisions easily analyze costs supply decisions manufacturers divide costs categories costs production affect supply goods producers pay cost production change production costs generally divided fixed costs variable costs total costs producers calculate average total costs marginal costs production analyzing costs production helps producers determine production goals profit margins costs producers incur produce large quantities fixed costs total fixed costs called overhead fixed costs include interest payments loans bonds insurance premiums local property taxes rent payments executive salaries fixed costs include wear tear aging capital goods machine parts eventually break machine older valuable significance fixed costs change input category costs costs change output variable costs unlike fixed costs capital goods machinery salaries rent variable costs labor raw materials variable costs reflect costs items business control alter short run wages variable cost employees laid production decreases sum fixed variable costs production total costs
numerous examples monopolistic competition exist united states economy producers facial tissues gasoline home heating oil compete monopolistic competitive markets case producers attempt create brand loyalty similar identical products monopolistic competition exists service industries competing airlines offer customers variety services competitors wider comfortable seats meals flights reading material movies entertainment build reputations gain customer loyalty prompt friendly airlines prefer nonprice competition harmful price wars occur area united states economy monopolistic competition evident food franchising food franchising individuals pay initial fee corporation privilege corporation selling corporation products fast food hamburger industry excellent franchising monopolistic competition giant corporations mcdonald wendy burger king dominate industry thousands small competitors exist nation addition single firm affect supply price mcdonald raises prices consumers buy hamburgers competitors obtain franchise mcdonald burger king wendy investor pay corporation initial fee ranges million return investor receives training corporation restaurant capital needed begin operating individual investor owns business parent corporation sets prices monitors quality sells investor equipment food operate business
women working home percent civilian labor force today women percent civilian labor force number reasons account increase women labor force war war ii women worked homes defense plants replacing joined military millions women joined labor force times national emergency helped establish pattern home contributed change society attitude women trends united states society contributed increase women working home members labor force women today educations comparable women extensive education able compete jobs previously closed women newer attitudes family size led lower birth rates united states affordable care centers increased number women united states today freedom choose motherhood career home addition rising costs incomes family necessity finally legislation protecting equal access jobs increased employment opportunities women recent women begun enter traditionally male dominated fields engineering science construction medicine percentage women occupations remains low women labor force found lower paying occupations result median wage paid women continues lag
united states labor movement began early history nation philadelphia printers staged nation planned strike stoppage philadelphia shoemakers founded nation craft union labor unions powerful industrialization wrought sweeping united states economy chief transformation manufacturing based nation transformation wealth chief element dividing laborers owners factories mills mines businesses addition wealth business leaders grew power common laborers employees early industrialization individual laborers power bargain management management set pay hours worked laborers worked hour days unsafe noisy unsanitary workplaces workers received benefits job security average week factory laborer hours workers responded forming number labor unions successful early unions knights labor attempted form union workers loosely structured organization knights brought skilled unskilled workers wide variety crafts industries height power knights nearly members knights labor supported hour workday end child labor system worker cooperatives replace capitalism knights labor hoped achieve social political reform radical political action
service based eft technology automatic clearing house services ach system transfers money customer account creditors words ach pays bills ach pays regular monthly bills home mortgage payments rents insurances utility bills introduced early point sale terminals pos terminals located stores businesses pos transactions involve direct transfer money buyers bank accounts sellers bank accounts buyers pay goods checkout counter inserting plastic card called debit card terminal buyers money accounts cover purchases money automatically transferred buyers accounts sellers accounts pos terminals gas stations convenience food stores united states banking experts believe debit cards soon replace checks american economy note debit cards help merchants ending risk bad checks inconvenience expense processing credit card transactions consumers benefit need carry cash checks regularly check amount money remaining accounts inserting cards pos terminals debit cards drawbacks debit cards stores pos terminals addition consumers accustomed float offered credit cards consumers credit card purchase beginning billing period pay bill end billing period purchase payment float
freedom choice free enterprise economy united states means free income disposal spend save consume consume spending consumption disposable income saving nonconsumption disposable income equally important strong economy save money main reasons save payment automobile house finance major purchase television set set money regularly meet large annual semiannual bills property taxes automobile insurance payments save ready reserve meet unexpected expenses medical home repair bills finally save major expenses future college tuition payments meet retirement needs save want leave money children need amass wealth reasons saving depositors reap benefits savings depositing money financial institution physical security protecting savers money losses due fire theft catastrophies place home financial institutions protected federal deposit insurance plans insurance plans protect savers money losses financial institutions close plans provide reimbursement depositors money account financial institutions carry insurance plans risk saving money institution fee financial institutions pay depositors money interest
borrowing transfer amount money lender borrower length business borrow money begin expand businesses federal local governments borrow money finance programs operations credit purchase goods services actual transfer money promise pay later wealthy consumers consider credit purchasing expensive items houses automobiles consumers borrow money credit main reasons buyers enjoy item paying debt postpone purchases saved money pay items cash consumers extend payments expensive items period payments home mortgages typically run houses affordable manner credit payments televisions major appliances expensive items run money borrowed called loan amount borrowed called principal amount paid borrower privilege money called interest principal interest included loan repayment loans secured loans require borrowers put collateral collateral offered borrower guarantee loan repaid house collateral mortgage loan automobile collateral automobile loan loans secured types collateral loan repaid according terms loan agreement lender borrower collateral
gnp broadest measure economic activity nation measures economic growth standard living exist measures include net national product national income personal income disposable personal income measures related gnp businesses spend money buy capital goods capital goods add nation capital stock capital goods purchased simply replace broken obsolete machinery equipment capital capital nation capital stock intact depreciation net national product nnp gnp minus depreciation gnp billion depreciation billion nnp billion economists view nnp indicator economy annual production gnp nnp recognizes capital wears production process depreciation called capital consumption note capital consumed rendered nonproductive measure economy health national income national income ni total amount income economy earns key word definition earn suppliers factors production earn income exchange contribution production process ni calculated ways identify sources national income add dollar amounts graph page ni includes sources income
days industrial policy loaded term yelling fire crowded theater lot panic hear phrase don want america strong healthy sure want happen planning want america accident industrial policy means restructuring revitalizing called sunset industries older industries trouble government active helping american industry meet challenge foreign competition changing admires japanese clear vision future cooperation government banks labor lead strengths suggests follow lead image suddenly shifts soviets plans planning un american deal planning chrysler successful corporation football teams plan universities plan unions plan banks plan governments plan re going progress give ridiculous idea planning national level represents attack capitalist system fear re advanced country industrial policy point program form basis industrial policy provide energy dependence taxing foreign energy port pump order restore conservation ethic rekindle investments alternative sources energy
difference nation imports exports nation balance trade balance trade single important factor determining nation balance payments balance payments balance trade deficit surplus graph trade deficit unfavorable balance trade occurs nation exports imports chart page shows recent trade deficits incurred united states grown dramatically united sates largest trade deficit billion trade surplus hand occurs nation exports greater imports trade surplus called favorable balance trade industrialized nations japan west germany canada enjoyed trade surpluses japan billion trade surplus largest economists listed growing united states trade deficit major rise cost imported oil early opec cartel increased price oil barrel barrel united states depended heavily foreign oil foreign oil accounted percent american imports price increase graph page forced united states spend money abroad despite recent oil price reductions foreign oil accounts nearly percent united states imports
economics study choices choices order satisfy needs wants choices needs wants greater economic resources satisfy consumers preparing personal budget essential making wise economic choices budget money plan identifies amount money consumer expect earn spend period preparing personal budget difficult task planning place start preparing budget assess budget needs studying income expenses period month traditionally consumers plan personal budgets monthly basis payments expenses rent electricity telephone service due month begin assess budget needs detailed records money earn money spend month period wish save cash register credit card receipts bills help end month record findings piece paper divide paper columns label column income label column expenses list income expenses month proper column begin pattern earning spending saving money pattern reflects budget needs basis personal budget
consumer valuable assets credit credit means making purchases paying future consumers credit buy houses automobiles appliances large purchases credit extended financial institution vendor selling product financial institutions extend credit issuing loans mortgages short term notes bank cards visa mastercard vendors stores oil companies extend credit issuing charge cards credit cards apply types credit fill application listing credit information place employment income outstanding debts application approved institution assign credit limit amount spend credit month important advantages credit convenient buy need need suppose need buy refrigerator cash buy ability pay credit wise convenient choice credit permits advantage sales helping save money addition easier return defective product purchased credit cash credit advantages disadvantages wise consumer consider obvious disadvantage credit free reason important understand terms credit arrangement
systems analysts plan develop methods computerizing businesses improving existing computer systems analysts define goals customer computer system plan system meet goals plan accepted analysts decide equipment personnel procedures needed set system put line systems analysts computer companies businesses manufacturing firms banks consulting firms government agencies employers prefer applicants college degree computer science related field require graduate degree advanced scientific training tax auditors verify accuracy organization financial records check discrepancies exist records organization tax returns effective tax auditors knowledgeable current tax laws economic conditions tax auditors employed internal revenue service large business firms help ensure company comply law employers require applicants entry level positions college degree business accounting federal government requires college degree includes minimum semester hours accounting auditing tellers visible employees bank savings loan credit institution cash checks process deposits withdrawals customers tellers carry specialized duties handling savings bonds utility payments foreign currency exchanges employers look tellers friendly attentive clerical mathematical skills tellers high school education
mother job today school fun mother friends walked school stared friend shirt grasshopper looked grasshopper children called martha marcia knew lunchroom ask subtraction couldn don school mother night school bus seats sat lunch line friend today mother night don girl school give mother wednesday didn want school mumps run mother bus school drew pictures teacher held didn hold picture lunch played captain wasn captain played baseball base night mother asked school give maybe talk teacher don need thursday airplanes teacher put mine mine grasshopper shirt asked tadpole
goat named gregory gregory liked kick legs jump rock rock gregory thought goat wasn gregory terrible eater sat eat mother father knew problem tin gregory asked mother goat thanks gregory box asked father goat baaaaaa gregory think supper goat mother goat picked shoe think father goat don don things gregory picky picky gregory want things vegetables fish bread eat things mother goat put shoe eating kind supper gregory asked gregory terrible father goat gregory left table father goat gregory terrible eater morning mother father goat pants coat breakfast gregory table morning gregory father mother goat morning gregory orange juice eggs bread breakfast mother goat coat pants father goat baaaaaa gregory left table father goat threw napkin
friend snitch hope business spent money ad pulled ear snitch pulls ear upset phone rang answered call ad woman flora greene told needed help snitch rode bikes straight house yard filled bushes plants looked forest flora greene asked inside small piece fluff jumped dog asked making guess course hercules sound fluff wiggled reached pat flora greene took house yard greenhouse full plants flowers need care trip hercules snitch pulled ear detectives babysitters explained re undercover kids solve mysteries want stop mystery happens pushing newspaper circled headline red costly plants green thumb thief large police stumped find clues paper suspect plant shop owner flea market stolen plants identified police let shop owner positive identification proof thief pay flora greene looked snitch nodded happily shrugged suppose think bodyguards
families west planned settle traveled covered wagons wagon drawn horses wagons called conestoga wagons gretchen family wagon mother father sat driver seat children inside household goods bedding blankets pots pans table chairs dresser took space room left trudy john billy gretchen gretchen youngest wagon walked anna family mare tied wagon faithfully carried sacks cornmeal hot afternoon sun children warm wagon cover shaded air openings front john kicked billy billy pushed bumped gretchen trudy oldest trying read asked quarrel stopped father voice quick look mustangs children rushed wagon distance wild horses horses galloped minutes sight look anna john mare stood turned head mustangs floppy ears lifted high wagon moved distance anna trotted hotter inside father gretchen called ride anna father stopped wagon lifted gretchen mare cornmeal sacks nice seat tied mare carefully fall
houses grandpa friend peter glass house garden paths maggie lives door wooden house rooms rooms carved doors fine houses grandpa house favorite grandpa eyes grandpa blind house seeing morning sun pushes curtains eyes burrow covers light follows give throw covers run grandpa room sun wakes grandpa differently wakes says touches warming awake look room grandpa morning exercises bending stretching bed stops smiles hears morning john nana ask don says bending stretching close eyes john look eyes close eyes hear banging pots sound water running didn hear nana kitchen making breakfast say open eyes grandpa nodding tall dark gray hair eyes sharp blue sharp seeing exercise grandpa try exercise eyes closed says grandpa wait cry grandpa fall sideways times grandpa laughs hears falling floor
dinosaurs lived ago small birds enormous dinosaurs ate plants meat eaters dinosaurs lived continent died knows sure extinct ago knew dinosaurs began finding things rock found large footprints huge mysterious bones strange teeth finding fossils fossils kind diary past remains plants animals lived ago rotting crumbling remains preserved slowly turned stone discovery fossils digging dinosaur bones easy job bones dug ground slowly carefully today digging dinosaurs easy job team experts find spot dinosaur lived spot deep quarry high cliff steep canyon luck spot fossil bone poking rock place team working covered tent begins fossil buried deeply rock drilled blasted thousands pounds broken rocks scientists chip rock close fossil carefully brush sand bits stone soon bone uncovered brushed hobby glue glue helps hold bone won crumble bone numbered help scientists remember bone belongs
morning katya ate bowl baked cereal put warm cloak mama tucked small meat filled pie pocket remember repeat boris told especially say mother sends wisdom forget answer plump white goose arm katya set forest trees thick woods walked quickly talking goose gander company lonely smell snow air wind moaned wolf crying moon soon forest path grew wider roofs city houses trees streets narrow crowded pushed carts women cried wares marketplace buy buy chanted bread fowl brooms today katya wished forest city noisy crowded woman showed moneylender house stood corner surrounded fence katya managed unhook gate lifted brass doorknocker alexi peered master soon boris door opened wide alexi stood brought birds high snapped yes geese payment mother sends wisdom katya trembling voice wisdom boris laugh katya eyes bright recited mother taught geese told truly lay fine eggs gold
accept mother wisdom goose gander collected eggs raised flock goslings sold market times received took pigs offered mother wisdom riddle pink piglets born anew squeal pigs raised litter piglets sold pigs brought offered mother wisdom riddle ten grains wheat give eat sold half wheat payment planted rest field wheat fields judge looked thoughtful true boris story child tells boris stared angrily wisdom money judge sat moment scratching figures book pen wisdom slowly feeds find boris widow petrovna overpaid thirty rubles wisdom owes money order pay judge moved flew rage finally drew money purse threw table katya trembling looked judge face thought saw tiny smile hiding corners mouth soon countryside knew boris outdone wit peasant woman
carruthers grouchier mood home park found invitation lunch waiting certainly mood visiting bear turn honey cakes course emily house carruthers chair emily poured tea eugene brought honey cakes beautiful emily trying start friendly conversation carruthers enjoy strolling park eugene especially carruthers fur looks lovely today emily cared carruthers emily eugene didn say carruthers determined unpleasant tea partly continued silence sound carruthers munching honey cakes sipping tea cake plate teapot empty eugene tried carruthers certainly emily honey cakes eaten twelve dozen tasty carruthers thank inviting leave stuffy yes stuffy emily don walk fresh air don walking carruthers don drive eugene splendid idea exclaimed emily sure change scene wonders carruthers carruthers say found bundled sitting seat emily traveling car soon friends sailing open countryside
morning sun shone brightly air smelled sweet hidden tall marsh grasses wild goose sat nest eggs close gander stood guard neck held high edge marsh moose lifted head water ribbons water weeds hung ears big moose water close calf moose baby moose baby big feet big head moved awkwardly ran stick legs trip fall reddish fur coat lighter mother hump shoulders mother older grow early morning moose baby stood marsh watched mother ducked head water looking plant roots eat soon moose baby felt playing jumped rock look play saw small fish swimming marsh nearby waded water fish swam beaver swam bank pushed water tree sharp orange teeth beaver chewed tree maybe beaver play moose baby close beaver lift head chewing cutting trees dam build busy beaver moose baby small brown mouse popped hole stopped eat weed seeds
summer squirrels find lots food fruits green plants small insects summer easy squirrels grow fat winter food hard find squirrels ready winter saving nuts nuts grow ripe squirrels look kinds nuts teeth cut nuts trees let drop ground gray squirrels bury nuts gray squirrel digs hole paws picks nut teeth drops hole covers nut earth nut squirrel buries hole squirrel buries hundreds nuts earth winter comes squirrel makes home high tree wants eat pushes snow digs nut saved nuts spring beavers save food winter save tree branches logs family beavers works cutting trees teeth biting branchs branches logs house middle pond dragging carrying pushing rolling beavers begin food pile anchoring branches logs water homes soon pile wood reaches water winter ice covers beavers pond snow covers house beaver hungry slips house swims ice grabs branch food pile carries home nibbles bark eating corn cob eats winter lasts
benny boy lived alaska happy friendly smile liked benny benny liked father mother friends mission home lived place children families children ate big dining room slept large rooms called dormitories beds school village benny happy mission home sleep night gaze stars dormitory window longed grown going fine fisherman big net big dipper sky catch splendid silver fish benny looked bear larger group stars big dipper part strong bear night benny big strong north star guide boat north star star alaska benny knew alaska someday northernmost untied states sky scattered hundreds stars reminded benny field forget star shaped flowers grow wild blue sky roof covered benny alaska night summertime mountaintops covered snow benny enjoyed picnics mission children swimming water cold lucky kind fisherman took benny fishing boat
ice skating champion beautiful figure skater tall slender swoop ice leap double turn high air spin fast seen whirling blur picture paper sports page television cameras skated watch home person knew lived girl named marsha knew beautiful figure skater lived inside marsha head marsha dreamed things dreamed figure skater ice skates dreams snow white gleaming blades bells laces marsha watching championship skaters television part marsha skated skaters watched learned names jumps turns champions performed marsha skated real ice skates real ice skated skates stand room arms lifted empty air bend forward stretch leg nearly exciting champion skater lived head fall pass quickly marsha busy going school playing friends wait weather cold skating finally began chilly marsha looking forward birthday december began hint parents ice skates
marsha sat bench wanted home didn ice bench boots sat marsha looked heard scraping sound ice skates stopping suddenly standing front smiling didn recognize tall red scarf trailed shoulder leaning saying recognized uncle richard marsha looking sad asked uncle richard marsha didn say saw looking skates don lace skates properly asked bent look closely marsha puzzled skates explained low voice uncle richard knelt front took feet hands yes whispered sure looked delight skates laughed began undo laces marsha thought going skates marsha skates laced properly feet falling re laced wrong uncle richard showed lace skates feel asked answered marsha uncle richard helped marsha stand began pull slowly evenly ice bend knees middle told surprised easily balance
ago faraway land lived brothers stonecutters side side stood huts edge forest side side brothers entered forest seeking stones building blocks finding stone chip patiently tools shape size younger brother content humble stonecutter father father father happily listened songs birds admired blue sky watched forest animals play elder brother things content humble stonecutter longed rich mighty powerful morning forest brothers met woman cane stonecutters weary let lean shoulders swiftly move tell offered shoulder stonecutters thirsty let small sip water swiftly move tell offered cup stonecutters hungry let food swiftly move tell offered food suddenly saw flash golden light radiantly beautiful stood queen forest covering eyes fell ground rise kind stonecutters commanded pretended woman test reward kindness wishes divide choose
heat heavy land slowed steps shelter cooling shade beneath burning rays sun wind grew weak soon gentle breeze thought elder brother sun mightier wind mind slowly wished fourth wish saying stonecutter rich prince wind sun wish sun faster bird flying sun beaming corners dried hills dales lakes streams flowers hang heads wilt die high heavens climbed burning bright blazing bright content mighty happy suddenly stormcloud outspread sky poured rain highways byways sat huddled huts fearful falling hailstones lightning flashed thunder crashed dark stormcloud blotted sun thought elder brother stormcloud mightier sun wishes remain told happy sadly wished wish stonecutter rich prince wind sun stormcloud wish stormcloud faster ball rolling stormcloud raging roaring terrible downpour muddy brown streams roads rivers tumbling towns washed houses bridges fled flood
elder brother recognized voice cried younger brother younger brother spare beg brothers stone spoke terrified talk clearly younger brother looked heard voice words understand greatly puzzled stone saying imagined voice took tools ready elder brother cried younger brother younger brother beg beseech put tools stone brother stand fear weakened voice words clear younger brother dropped tools surprise hear voice ears playing tricks climbed top tallest tree looked saw puzzled returned stone picked tools ready elder brother wept cried queen forest listening took pity elder brother words rang loud clear younger brother younger brother elder brother begs beseeches entreats put tools hear words stone younger brother heard words wept leaned stone saying poor brother
beatrice didn books didn read didn library brother henry days henry library look beatrice don books henry library don want beatrice look books henry don want beatrice told want henry asked want beatrice henry ok beatrice give henry started working didn look sister beatrice didn want library bea brother don want beatrice told henry wait beatrice decided ok henry wait beatrice wait henry working library feel water henry looked beatrice raining told brother give henry raining beatrice rain henry books help beatrice asked henry gave books big beatrice books fell give henry don
rained weekend spent part saturday sunday house reading late sunday afternoon began clear uncle al rain heavy water flooded driveway washing half gravel grass completely disgusted happened heavy rainstorm past ten research project engineering job want call figure driveway maybe half lawn flooded hard rain stopped raining water flowing driveway ditch highway front place walked road saw feet water ditch main trouble culvert uncle al water half road flows culvert side road creek tenths culvert clogged result flood culvert talking big corrugated galvanized steel pipe runs underneath road trouble big astute observation uncle al ten ago regular intervals highway department complain send pokes stick leaves debris works reasonably rains clogs trouble
wasn betty marie realized ballet russe chosen wartime replacement needed canadian tour denham manager decide needed afterward convince ability company opened ottawa hours hours rehearsals round rehearsals fittings quick meals snatched run rest times exhausting excitement going road company smaller size york company performers learn number parts learn betty marie quick memory fill times dancers night curtain told small part ballet gaite parisienne danilova star real break betty marie series fouettes toes night audience clapped loudly principal dancers praised parts assigned knew moment dance part changed dressed ready montreal company presented benefit performance war effort governor general canada wife princess alice attend days betty marie told solo role spring ballet snow maiden
storm violent tornado understood tornado hurricane hurricane spiraling rain clouds swirl calm center eye winds blow miles hour compare death dealing winds tornado measured miles hour scientists theories explaining tornadoes formed known gulf mexico breeding ground warm moist air gulf carried north rocky mountains cold dry air rockies collides warm moist air south troublesome weather result conditions bring tornadoes thunderstorms tornadoes develop thunderstorms thunderstorm moves tornadoes form path traveling miles dying tornado funnel appears beneath thunderstorm dark heavy clouds stretches ground whirling twisting moves funnel reaches earth surface times touches briefly rises average tornado path quarter mile wide miles tornadoes caused heavy damage miles forward speed tornado miles hour speeds miles hour recorded small size short span tornadoes extremely difficult meteorologists predict exactly going occur meteorologists try watch areas tornadoes expected develop
joe watched beaten father tried spoon dog mouth mother blew exasperation angrily snatched spoon cradled dog head lap lifted jowls poured stroked throat stroked stroked dog swallowed aaaah father breathing triumphant exclamation firelight shone gold mother hair crouched holding dog head stroking throat soothing soft loving sounds joe clearly remember faint sensation carried bed strange hour darkness morning rose father sat chair mother rug fire burning warm dog swathed blankets lay quiet dead joe asked mother smiled weakly shhh sleeping suppose breakfast played nice strong cup tea morning father breakfast boiling water brewing tea cutting bread mother sat rocking chair waiting ready evening joe home school lassie lay left school wanted sit cradle knew ill dogs left evening sat watching stretched faint breathing sign didn want bed mother cried
learned resources information library resource date information home learn important events parts weather likely tomorrow shows television tonight items sale stores favorite sports team part jobs interested local newspaper tells differences newspapers alike ways things common newspaper quickly easily newspapers major sections order part newspaper news stories important news likely front page check front page headlines find news stories interest size headline generally shows important editors paper thought news story largest headlines important stories headline information news story beneath headline person wrote news story called line appears news stories comes dateline shows origin story imaginary story took place washington dateline shows city datelines letters ap upi letters stand news service press united press international wrote story
suits leaned edge roof talk dog easy boy easy sentry duty rainspout calming liked wild animals running loose didn sitting top schoolhouse suits suits didn look stood snarling sneak roof jan climb side sneak past dog ears knew steps roof waiting jan don believe believe barbara believe cupped hands yelled help sure soon jan recovered nature started inventing imaginary newspaper stories today courageous dog acting saved city vicious gorillas help yelled sight asked reporters comment heroic deed dog reply wagged tail modestly
cages held gently firmly dr schultz julie fastened necks narrow ribbon yellow plastic bearing number learned eventually mine number later morning pushing table wheels loaded bottle clear liquid rack sharp needles plunger lifted cage felt sharp pain hip injections week injecting twenty injections change lives days lives fell pattern reason captivity gradually clear dr schultz neurologist expert brains nerves intelligence learn things hoped experimenting find injections help learn faster younger working george julie graduate students biology watch told signs improvement faster learning quicker reaction group compared group compared control group training began injections george suppose julie dr schultz test rats took cage shelf carried room cage slot wall slid open end opened matching door wall free
tomorrow night open cages follow thread re agreed jonathan thank terrible expecting hear dr schultz say took screwdriver hear julie add thread missing happened set thinking didn night hour julie george dr schultz left laboratory cages gathered group mouse cabinet justin opened doors unlatched cages mice looked small frightened strode bravely forward nicodemus jonathan thanks taking re re welcome chatting light coming windows turning gray hour dark need light figure open grill end shaft justin lead roll thread bring rear noise sure awake building don want hear want leave thread found thought felt sure dr schultz try track number reasons justin lifted grid pushed open sliding panel closing grid pushing panel half shut normal position
matthew morgan father newcomers canadian arctic metthew attending school brobisher bay father geologist prospecting morgan helicopter pilot charlie set storm failed return bad weather continued prevent air search missing matthew friend kayak secretly snowmobile look abandoning snowmobile ran gas kilometers frobisher boys continued foot frozen tundra days food supply exhausted hope obtaining realized chance survival give search try return frobisher cold sharp wind blew backs drive foward matthew hungry felt light sail snow entered mountains darkness hurried valley farther kayak called want build igloo reached height land darkness kayak ran matthew gripped arm shook whispered matthew tell kayak laughing crying bay glow lights frobisher horizon matthew faint yellow glow sky strange moon rise wonder dad matthew let going matthew took step forward legs bent spongy rubber let moment
cold small shock landscape big surprise antarctica spectacular think desolate place barren stretches white snow wrong beautiful places earth dark purple black mountains looming horizon brown beaches shore sun comes bathes snow golden glow reflects ice crystals makes rainbows sky end january randy settled camp twelve miles south mcmurdo foot white island camp wasn actually white island permanent ice shelf surrounds shelf thick hard airplanes land floats water solid land small rectangular huts living working connected passageway served wind shelter storage area quonset hut electric generator vehicles snowmobiles short trips longer trips heavy orange land vehicle treads tank saw seals graceful creatures sleek torpedo shaped bodies adults feet weigh thousand pounds huge dark eyes short soft fur brown black white spots small flippers sides big hind flipper jaws closed seals look smiling yawn jaws open wide show big pink mouth
earlier lessons learned author giving information subject expository writing learned pay attention ideas organized read science social studies expository writing author telling story narrative writing ideas story developed author setting characters plot theme called story elements lesson learn authors setting characters plot theme develop stories knowing help understand enjoy stories appreciate styles authors thinking elements help write stories lesson cat feet show author setting characters plot theme telling story setting place story happens background events read thinking setting helps understand story events happen important understanding things happen stories happen place stories setting important story happened place true cat feet story set england coast catching lobsters modern story power boats summer jo school story tells jo problems getting job setting understanding setting important step understanding happens story
saw supplies mail tex boy nodded tell weather coming brought things today going feed dogs count sheep clean supper boy looked round eyed numbers count asked sheep endless covering ground wagon laughed drew window look black sheep rest re count hundred white call markers safe figure haven lost left wagon bowls dog food boy stayed window looked counted number black sheep saw couldn flock couldn boss dogs guessed feeding wagon boss wagon wind tonight blow later weather coming biggest worry coyotes wind blow boy asked boss looked quickly joking blow wits sheep feel wool ruffled apt walk wind goes boy thought guess re pretty dumb huh boss whirled dumb re dumb re helpless creatures alive
troughs sea gradually grew deeper clear moved swiftest part humboldt current water green cold jagged mountains peru vanished dense cloud banks astern darkness crept waters duel elements began sure sea uncertain show friend enemy white crest groping level cabin roof held tight waited uneasily feel masses water smash raft surprise relief tiki calmly swung stern rose skyward masses water rolled sides sank trough waves waited big sea midnight ship light passed northerly direction passed course waved paraffin lamp hailed flashes electric torch lights passed slowly northward darkness disappeared board realize real inca raft lay close tumbling waves board raft realize ship trace humans till reached side ocean night worse seas grew higher going sixty hours passed continuous struggle chaos waves rushed cessation
stage encounter sharks began pull tails pulling animals tails held inferior form sport tried shark truth lively form sport hold shark tail give real tidbit ready stick head high water food served dangling bag fed shark directly hand longer amusing feeds dogs tame bears hand set teeth meat tear worry till bit piece holds large dorado safe distance shark head shark comes smacks jaws felt slightest tug half dorado suddenly left sitting tail hand found hard job cut dorado knives fraction shark moving triangular saw teeth quickly sideways chopped backbone sausage machine shark turned quietly tail flickered surface easy grasp shark skin sandpaper hold inside upper point tail indentation solely allow grip firm grasp chance grip holding give jerk shark collect tail pulled tight logs
suddenly saw knut plunge headfirst sea belt hand heaving herman head appeared wave knut knut herman saw heads swum meet hanging belt knut waved arm rubber raft hauled board took hold line belt hauled dear eyes fixed dark object visible mysterious beast water pushing big greenish black triangle wave crests gave knut shock herman herman knew triangle belong shark sea monster corner torstein watertight sleeping bag sleeping bag remain floating hauled safe sound board dragged sleeping bag depths missed prey glad wasn torstein took hold steering oar wisecracks evening felt chill running nerve bone afterward cold shivers mingled warm thankfulness board lot nice things say knut herman rest
bartholomew nelly neighbor nelly small walk stroller mrs pringle vegetable garden bartholomew pushed fast coming bump bartholomew told nelly hang nell say bump nelly shout bump rode saw nice dog stop pet mean bartholomew shoo mrs pringle sprinkler say ready set chaarrrrrrge nelly shout wheeeee pushed nelly began walk bartholomew took hand cried pulling hand nelly didn want help bartholomew offered hand needed knew nelly getting older bartholomew getting older needed walking stick walked slowly walked stairs held railing neighbors called ham eggs halloween coldest winter inside summer bartholomew helped nelly learn skate circling walking stick easy called skated foot wasn angry whistled held foot nelly tried skate fell bartholomew saw felt crying pulled garden don saddish radish nelly laughed ate didn radishes bartholomew
jeffie thank goodness re home mrs winchell listen jeff emergency husband won till regular baby sitter stomach virus home midterm exam half hour want stay kids jeffie job pay left problem don pay talk later hung phone grabbed jacket door ran front door steps clock mother left note saying late eat home raining lightly winchells house block mrs winchell standing door holding open re lifesaver honey hours dave home leave dave husband don worry looked frantic mrs winchell going college kids classes house hands full don worry thing luck exam thanks dear patted air head think meant pat head hurry waved matthew mark fletcher lined hall jeff boys ran door
tonight night favorite movie going television remember assignment teacher gave class weeks ago due tomorrow usual started problems avoided planning organizing study lesson help learn ways study planning help schoolwork leave activities movies sports bed haven homework find saying didn find true don study try keeping chart actually spend school chart shown tuesday days week spent look chart shown find activities riding school bus eating dinner idea study regularly scheduled activities deciding regular study step making study plan stick schedule pass favorite movie minute studying decided study step plan helpful plan regular studying helpful study place
farmer lived country rich easy land bad luck neighbors died farmer farm parts buy farm able thrive neighbors money buy stranger keen eyed kind owner soul saw arrive dead night cart rumbling lane disturbing sleep word soon round farm saw coming say night strange thing shaking heads worried faces days sight smoke chimneys sound hammering farm strange roars rumblings sign beast lanes fields mail carrier knocked farmer rice door friday morning morning farmer rice neighbor tell billy seen farmer rice crossly don kind neighbor round soon wants borrow thresher billy tell letter called garlick rustytoes garlick rustytoes farmer rice sort
school felt worse didn sneeze wheeze eyes stopped itching watering worse tonight supper friendly going grant kennel magic remembered teacher miss johnson pointing shelves books saying held secrets books hold secret making allergy dog stay recess stood step ladder bring heavy book top shelf book secret re looking pointing page whispered re telling secrets says allergy haired dogs collie allergy short haired dog chihuahua kennel held friendly close pa explained allergy grant don sell chihuahuas kennel owner happen trade customer walnut ridge sure welcome swap reaching friendly wait person say looked friendly eyes wondered understand wanted rid friendly wanted rid choo allergy licked ear tell worry dog friendly friendly fine grant reached gave friendly took friendly heard say rest collies going mighty happy
summer simon ten full things gradually apartment home gramp mum put soon simon differences actually liking room sky enjoyed going elevator running stairs hundreds steps arrive breathless panting bottom dizzy gramp lot help mum fix apartment apartment finished easy clean look easier house mum part job mornings gramp lot sat room living room watching television sitting staring window staring sat bed staring feet simon talk tell guinea pigs re big gramp don look gramp looked boy look simon gramp shook head elevator minutes gramp shook head matter gramp simon asked matter mean gramp looking hands don put bench simon gramp looked room room
noon break clouds shackleton glimpsed dark cliffs south georgia glad moment steered boat inshore looking landing place rocky reefs sheer cliffs barred night closing hope getting ashore morning bitter disappointment spend night sea night storm blew hours passed swelled strength wind hurricane force seen driving spray james caird tough strained utmost seams cracked open water poured add nightmare wind swung round drove boat slowly backwards dangerous coast seen lost wind dropped shifted blow offshore saved reefs torment thirst shackleton knew land soon find water night sea boat neared shore wide bay wind rising shackleton decided run bay chance james caird neared entrance crew saw blocked line rocks broken teeth sea thundered sending fountains white spume braced sure james caird dashed rocks suddenly shackleton shouted helmsman seen narrow gap wave carried forward opening narrow touch rocks side
phoebe soon settled job hard thought mrs washington brought quilts feather beds phoebe job air turn morning buying food serving meals silver cleaned shining furniture dusted polished special jobs general washington meals served dinner served promptly clock phoebe hard getting finished general washington tall quiet voice looked kind win war mrs washington fresh egg pompey lot company phoebe helped visiting hen house early morning dinner phoebe stood kitchen steps fed hens leftover scraps bread table phoebe housekeeper forget watched waited listened general washington house full officers army friends members bodyguard phoebe slipped silent shadow father taught saw talking softly stopped poke fire fill glasses light candles saw heard noon took basket waterfront marketing
place dinner knife table blade hanging edge cut pieces thread foot small rounded paper wads dry tissue tie paper balls end piece thread fasten pieces thread end knife hang freely inches slowly move comb paper balls happens think happen rub comb briskly wool happens move paper balls hold comb paper balls seconds explain happens demonstrated basic law electricity rubbed comb neutral charged paper balls neutral comb pulled pushed charged comb attracted pulled neutral paper balls touching comb paper balls receive charge comb paper balls charged comb pushed hold paper balls hands remove charge guess happened charge discharged body ground try charging comb clothing hair dry hands sure rub briskly don forget discharge comb testing material checked attraction charged neutral objects idea tricks bring charged comb table tennis ball lying table order ball follow comb practice neutral ball roll turn circles roll table command
hearing master grubble protest caught nick began furiously clucking squawking cut cut cut aw cut say quickset glanced agitated storekeeper cupped ear paw cut yes yes understand price high insist pounds penny grateful question generosity part grubble mistress libbet flung penny counter seized ham waiting quickset wrap hurried store tailor wife stonecutter daughter moment later dame gerton laundrywoman welcome ladies called quickset welcome fine prime meats fine fresh vegetables sale today prices won hurry step delighted customers pressed eagerly counter master grubble face changed sallow crimson crimson purple cackling frantically waggled head flapped elbows ribs cut aw cut bawled cut cut aw cock doodle quickset show listening carefully hear master grubble give free generous soul quickset began hurling meats cheese vegetables bags sugar customers outstretched baskets grubble face turned purple bilious green crowed clucked brayed bleated sounded barnyard mad give cried quickset cut aw shouted grubble chain sausages cut joint beef stand
worst grandpa say find ewe high meadow tonight hard find flock daytime lamb won freeze tonight happened happened wait till morning tor rubbed hand shep head patted gently finally spoke shep boy dog turned looking faraway glow kitchen window dim speck light showed horizon headed north backland picked stars handle big dipper evening star flaming warm stars handle big dipper appeared starkly cold boy dog direction command find sheep shep approached monacan mound dog side grandfather told mound monacan indians lived small branch cherokees site house held council meetings tor wondered chiefs buried mound stopped listened distant whoo oo cooks horned owl answered mournful whistle screech owl rising tremulous cry falling low plaintive wail grandpa called shivers owl ran shivers spine past monacan mound tor quickened pace night cry owls hurry shep covered directions boy pointed tor listened excited bark tell sheep found shep returned quietly
road map highway map information roads cities recreational areas concerns travelers travelers road maps find want locate points interest map oregon page road map reading map direction important maps compass rose letters stand directions north south east west maps arrow pointing north show direction north top map compass rose map oregon page shows direction north south east west maps legend key explains symbol map stands mapmakers symbols colors kinds lines shapes drawings show types information map symbols stand natural features land lakes deserts symbols stand features cities recreational areas highways roads look road map oregon find legend legend symbols stand kinds highways symbols route numbers highways symbol interstate highway divided highway goes route number printed shield shaped symbol band top highway goes lane undivided highway shown route number differently shaped shield band
winter read children zealand enjoying summer vacation zealand lies south equator winter earth axis imaginary line runs earth north pole south pole tilted sun southern half planet warmest coolest month zealand july month think warmest zealand half earth equator called southern hemisphere halfway equator south pole island country zealand pacific ocean southeast australia thousand miles hundred eighty miles widest point map zealand main islands smaller names main islands chain mountains runs west coast south island snow capped mountains called southern alps map mountains cover south island east mountains sea lies low flat area called canterbury plains wheat barley oats grain crops grown otago plateaus southeast regions rolling hills plains cook strait separates south island north island north island mountainous mountains high rugged south island grazing sheep cattle volcanoes north island active auckland zealand largest city built extinct longer active volcanoes
strange bug step ladybug friends love ladybugs bugs beetles young love springtime kind love love ladybeetles eat aphids aphids attack rose bushes alfalfa plants ladybeetles neighbors things bad forget praise ladybeetles earned nearly hundred ago citrus groves california parasite called cushion scale slipped country australia insect hunger citrus leaves grapefruit lemons oranges breakfast food ate hour hour california citrus business danger grove owners asking banks loans soon found bankers searched trees cushion scale bankers found refused chance money cushion scale unchecked natural enemies found native australia multiplied happily marched forward citrus groves word farmers trouble reached washington united states department agriculture team specialists australia seek natural enemy scale found brought species ladybeetle cushion scale beetles set free california scale check citrus business saved cost thousand dollars wonder love ladybeetle orange red ladybeetles black spots members large family
mole tremendously interested excited toad eagerly steps caravan rat snorted thrust hands deep pockets remaining compact comfortable sleeping bunks table folded wall cooking stove lockers bookshelves birdcage bird pots pans jugs kettles size variety complete toad triumphantly pulling open locker biscuits potted lobster sardines possibly want water bacon letter paper find continued steps find forgotten start afternoon beg pardon rat slowly chewed straw overhear say start afternoon dear ratty toad imploringly don begin talking stiff sniffy sort possibly manage consider settled don argue thing stand surely don mean stick dull river live hole bank boat want show going animal boy don care rat doggedly coming flat going stick river live hole boat mole going stick mole
careful inspection showed succeeded righting cart travel longer axles hopeless missing wheel shattered pieces rat knotted horse reins took head carrying birdcage hysterical occupant hand grimly mole miles nearest town walk sooner start toad asked mole anxiously set leave sitting middle road safe supposing thing bother toad rat savagely proceeded pattering feet toad caught thrust paw inside elbow breathing short staring vacancy look toad rat sharply soon town straight police station motorcar belongs lodge complaint blacksmith wheelwright arrange cart fetched mended put rights hopeless smash mole inn find comfortable rooms stay till cart ready till nerves recovered shock police station complaint murmured toad dreamily
anna grandpa flight steps fourteenth street el station ticket booth ducked turnstile platform stood wind head stairs anna person waiting train uptown side anna looked rosy grandfather snow clung mustache eyebrows froze looked tiny icebergs comes train grandpa shouted steam engine pulling green cars puffed train stopped anna grandpa hurried platform stepped inside lots empty seats sat large woman took seat front anna pulled hat looked big white snowball shook spraying floor wet snow conductor aisle stopped seat grandpa station sell ticket cents conductor mean pay grandpa eyes twinkled grandpa conductor laughed anna didn teased turned tried look snow covered windows grandpa leaned forward storm woman seat front blizzard cold smoke froze chimney woman holding basket sat leaned poland girl snowed winter woman seat ahead turned storm
title book listed names authors book company places offices listed title page give idea book copyright notice found title page look shows book published notice copyright date date important tell book date look books subjects need recent facts find important date facts science report want recent book studying present governments older book studying history table contents front book lists titles sections chapters book listed order numbered chapter title number page begins look table contents sections numbered roman numerals ii iii title section called earth title chapter section page begin wondering earth begins page page end ends page chapter shape earth begins page wondering earth pages
invented try popular video game hit school took notice didn mind worked noticed truth spent fourth grade trying invisible stayed sports sports look silly legs sticks ducked ball hated jump things put don sports sports class ramos alonzo cared acted king class surprised computer whiz put king ramos suddenly enjoying attention enjoyed couldn risk losing ramos try problem ramos computer games beat try reason couldn beat tricked wasn hard game named sports event triathlon try part race part game skating swimming part track field ramos close winning program surprise hurdles end lose trick worked stopped working lunch hour fourth grade classes computer room ramos playing game hurdles
downward climb tried put feet help looking saw city turning slowly grew dizzy foot slipped hand falling broke fall arm stone saint caught arm side steeple lay face sky move jan mother blacksmith shop asking jan thought blacksmith viktorin wife viktorin blacksmith looking jan saw stop looking sunlight looked stood began talk sounded excited blacksmith wife looked looking top steeple tiny figure looked doll doll red cap blacksmith cried jan wife cried jan jan gathered blacksmith son cat tree miller asked climb steeple viktorin think wanted rub golden ball wish golden ball grant wishes miller wife told told viktorin heard say true
tom jenny dozen clay animals sell craft fair tom counted want sure didn miscount recount jenny understand sentences read meaning word base word count times meaning miscount meaning recount mis re mean miscount means count wrong recount means count read need word parts called prefixes suffixes word parts added base words form words word don reading look base word meaning suffix prefix added base word figure word means base word word prefixes suffixes added word miscount count base word prefix added beginning base word added word miscount prefix mis meaning base word count suffix added end base word word darkness suffix ness meaning base word dark sentence children heard noise darkness ness means figure darkness means dark suffix word cloudy
ann fitted deerskin cover diary handsome soft underpart deer skin brown shades honey color looked real frontier diary ann thought stroked began turn pages re reading parts written struck inside diary wasn frontier diary noticed written western country entries gettysburg margaret homesickness outsiders pick diary read written turned pages slowly mentioned hamilton hill looked ann jumped didn want think hamilton hill didn care diary handsome cover didn feel bit writing inside cabin put diary shelf ann chores felt sorts courage wasn mcphales east staying didn bothering wrong cut finger chopping pumpkin mother pumpkin pie spilled half pail milk taking lunch field caught dress prickly bush tore picked baby cried mother middle afternoon
don hide hundred penny box aunt dew loud leave hundred penny box takes hundred penny box takes case michael impatiently wished aunt sit chair talk momma michael forgetting momma thing bad hundred aunt dew forgetting things important hush john boy aunt dew stopped dancing humming sat chair put quilt legs forgetting don forget play worry death play michael didn answer forget play want okay momma kitchen momma ruth house house atlanta live ruth michael saw aunt dew staring stared knew say talking john baby staring look john spit father nephew aunt dew care aunt dew rocked hard chair michael watched bed turned record player put record bottom drawer sat hundred penny box
susan wright liked laugh play games youngest children wilbur eleven orville katherine summer pack picnic lunch boys kate called katherine spend woods mrs wright knew bird tell bird song wilbur orville learned tell birds sat banks river dayton lived wilbur orville fishing called wilbur course orville orv fish biting suddenly big bird swooped stuck bill river tiny fish swooped sky makes bird fly mother wilbur asked wings notice move wings makes faster mother satisfied bird swooped didn move wings swooped grabbed fish moved wings wind blow blows current air blows takes bird wings support air wings fly couldn mother wilbur asked maybe mother thoughtfully don wings allow boy fly wilbur orville nodded re older maybe try mother
whump landed hard soft hard inside muscles bones soft surface feathers grab familiar voice shouted tight tighter chester gladly told whooooey lulu breathed sigh relief thought find building ten times chester wanted say thank lulu thankful couldn word till reached level air friendly gently buoyed open mouth pigeon ready adventure asked eagerly chester guess drainpipe lulu kind tired aw complained lulu fun getting blown empire building pigeon thing gotta flying level turbulent air pilot lulu headed south chester clinging neck felt safer wings didn block view thought wanted ask going sensed strength regularity wingbeats flight wind flying difficult chester held peace watched city slip beneath reached battery part lower york cluster skyscrapers rises grove steel trees lulu didn stop gasp tighter hold feathers chester realized flown end manhattan
bucket filled wrinkled purple berries annie knew mother pleased straightened looking dark waters bay moved stillness flock ducks flying south listened heard honking clear empty air short alaskan summer grass beneath feet growing hard tender summer moss soon snow fall sea freeze closing annie sighed touched coins pocket counting waiting summer barges radio told week big ship steaming north hooper bay soon soon barges instant saw gliding surfaced whales dark bay flat nosed low water annie picked bucket began run barges wonderful wonderful halfway hill remembered anger rose sudden hot emma called emma answer silly emma annie scrambled hill emma emma saw bit red brown grass emma sat moving eyes closed face turned pale coolness midday sun berry bucket berries bottom handful emma annie heard righteous anger voice emma
wake genie mama called downtown soon eugenie clark sighed pillow wants downtown saturday saturdays climbing rocks trees norma friend saturdays digging fat worms bringing home bugs snakes making sure grandma didn saturdays today friend norma shopping mother grandma wasn feeling needed peace quiet place eugenie mama mama worked big building downtown york city sold newspapers stand lobby rumbling subway train speeding downtown mama looked daughter sad face wished eugenie happier eugenie father died baby mama extra hard earn money care family working extra hard meant working saturday mornings subway train pulled station sign top subway stairs aquarium idea mama leave aquarium pick noon fun sitting stand morning eugenie walked doors aquarium fish walked tanks filled strange fish big tank stared green misty water leaned rail face close glass believe walking bottom sea
knew pa trade furs storekeeper beautiful things town expecting presents bring sun sank low treetops drops fell tips icicles began watch eagerly pa sun sank sight woods grew dark ma started supper set table chores ma laura milked cow laura carry lantern laura put coat laura put hands red mittens hung red yarn string neck ma lighted candle lantern laura proud helping ma milking carried lantern carefully sides tin places cut candlelight shine laura walked ma path barn bits candlelight lantern leaped snow night dark woods dark gray light snowy path sky faint stars stars look warm bright lights lantern laura surprised dark shape sukey brown cow standing barnyard gate ma surprised early spring sukey let big woods eat grass
church clock showed minutes ten contestants positioned directly beneath banner stretched street stood abreast stone fox middle willy willy read contestants newspaper known mountain racing records excellent dog teams bets stone fox odds high hundred win cent bet willy dog searchlight willie felt winner smiling searchlight knew route going win today final knew stone fox looked bigger standing willy fact top willy head dead stone fox waist morning stone fox willy looking practically straight tall indian sure nice race stone fox heard willy look face frozen ice eyes lack sparkle willy remembered seeing crowd silent mayor smiley stepped street miss williams clenched hands knuckles turned white lester mouth hung open lips wet hank stared blinking doc smith held head proudly clifford snyder removed gold watch vest pocket checked tension filled air willy throat dry hands started sweat feel heart thumping mayor smiley raised pistol sky fired
willy sled lift ground fly stone fox left crowd cheered madly saw willy view end main street madly saw stone fox tail searchlight searchlight forged ahead stone fox gaining searchlight willy cried searchlight gave hundred feet finish line heart burst died instantly suffering sled willy tumbled slid snow stop ten feet finish line started snow white snowflakes landed searchlight dark fur lay motionless ground crowd deathly silent lester eyes looked ground miss williams hands mouth doc smith started run willy stopped mayor smiley looked shocked helpless hank city slickers clifford snyder tax stone fox brought sled stop alongside willy stood tall icy wind looked young challenger dog lay limp arms dead stone fox dead willy asked looking stone fox stone fox knelt put massive hand searchlight chest felt heartbeat looked willy boy understood willy squeezed searchlight real girl real real proud rest
place indoors place yard re wrong friend friend voice wilbur looked fence saw goose standing don stay dirty dirty dirty yard goose talked fast boards loose push push push push wilbur say slower risk repeating goose suggest wonderful say board loose goose wilbur walked fence saw goose board loose put head shut eyes pushed board gave minute squeezed fence standing grass yard goose chuckled feel free asked wilbur guess actually wilbur felt queer fence big think goose orchard root sod garden dig radishes root eat grass look corn look oats run skip dance jump prance orchard stroll woods wonderful place re young replied wilbur
cold snowy evening streets albany york crowded carriages drawn fine horses women skirts top hats smiled nodded called happy holidays lines carriages post office wagon bringing large sacks mail railroad station post office running beneath wagon shaggy puppy run hard horses place wagon safe safety small brown puppy found dangers busy city streets wagon snow cold wet mattered worse cold tired hungry hunger puppy weak fell part wanted lie give stronger part ran caught mail wagon running beneath wagon slowed place dark quiet warm wagon stopped pup soon wagon puppy saw black boots gray pants legs huge gray bags labeled mail black boots side wagon pup trotted opposite side climbed nearest gray sack soft looked fact bumps corners sticking pup sleepy care comfort warm didn need run
community services important service mail delivery united states postal service delivers millions letters mail delivering mail big job past runners horseback riders boats trains deliver mail delivery slow today trucks airplanes boats trains help speed mail happens letter mail drop letter mailbox reaches destination letter handled machines twenty postal worker takes letter mail mailbox puts large bag worker takes large bags mail post office truck mail sorted put order size put large moving belts postal workers separate letter size mail larger envelopes packages letter size mail goes machine turns letters stamps facing cancels marks stamps printing black lines stamps canceled puts postmarks envelopes postmark tells city letter mailed date mailed received post office morning afternoon includes zip code mail sorted size stamps canceled sorted destination
pitcher began wind threw ball home plate crack batter hit grounder shortstop scooped ball threw johnny colmer base easy johnny yelled johnny touched foot base ready catch knew thing caught air johnny threw mitt quit started yelling quit stupid don learn catch johnny yelled catch gromering throw let play don need johnny picked mitt ran field edge schoolyard sat bench tears paths dusty cheeks felt awful promised play game today quit start chosen team gromering knew throw ball johnny wiped face shirt let game decided grandfather tell gromering bad throw johnny colmer lived parents street grandparents lived door johnny grandfather lived ninety grandfather eyes bad lots stories tell told johnny automobiles days television talked movies johnny arrived thing grandfather short game today
parents special things help home telephone doorbell rings lights flash tty attached phone tty teletypewriter spells messages paper tv screen parents type messages course person calling teletypewriter hearing means times kids talk phone parents talk door babies mom dad checked frequently sure took turns night cry alarm microphone hooked light cried light flash parents bedroom kitchen living room diane gina helped care hear cried tell mom dad deaf hearing ear dogs help polly polly lessons hand signals real hearing ear dogs things hearing ear dog mom tugging blankets flashing light alarm wake polly runs let mom dad door makes big fuss flashing light alarm goes pan boiling stove diane baby polly helped care polly follows diane runs tell mom dad diane trouble
janet lived farm named reachfar lay top hill highlands scotland looked sea nearest house reachfar miles janet felt lonely dog called fly family grandfather grandmother father mother aunt special friends tom george farm janet grandfather white beard deaf janet saw father evenings managed farm grandfather grandmother mother aunt kate busy especially grandmother janet thought busiest woman granny bustling laying law things george tom called call granny things called noonday spring janet family sitting big kitchen table dinner sun suddenly disappear sky dark big flakes snow began fly past window told coming granny voice granny going rain going gale early put sheep high moor east hill don blame bring shelter home wood spoke arguing saying word
middle winter wharton toad decided delicious beetle brittle aunt toolia brother morton tried talk warton mind set put heaviest sweaters strapped homemade skis brother packed food wished luck warton rescued mouse half buried snow grateful mouse gave warton bright red scarf warton wore scarf mouse mouse relatives toad friend help trouble mouse warned warton dangerous owl hunted owls slept sooner warton left mouse found chased owl trying escape warton crashed pile stones hurting foot losing skis suddenly grabbed strong claws lifted air owl carried warton home hole top oak tree warton looked dark inside smelled musty owl sat corner stepped gave toad piercing look warton warton owl think call warty don care don bad warty toad courage looked owl going eat owl opened yellow eyes wide going eat course going eat owl walked room wall large calendar hung crookedly
things school hannah picked monitor teacher leave room person clapped erasers clean chalk dust wonder miss pepper knows thought hannah morning wrote note school pencil sharpener sharpened pencil seat dropped note miss pepper desk miss pepper cleared throat opened drawer top desk took box hannah looked cherry licorice miss pepper supply cherry licorice fruit drops desk dry throat say hannah loved cherry licorice fruit drops decide liked monitor room remained quiet miss pepper say say monitor cherry licorice fruit drop hannah dreamed monitor offered cherry licorice dream decide hannah trouble making mind didn want miss pepper miss pepper rule don indecisive hannah looked indecisive dictionary decided rule meant mind miss pepper stood word big miss pepper loved big words gave wrote word special place blackboard asked look dictionary
ramon kite rose higher higher morning sky let string slip slowly fingers stood beach soft drowsy warmth morning sun closed eyes looking tell string pull hand kite tossing left swoop slice big circle bright caribbean sky suddenly strange laughing sound pierced air haah haah haah ramon opened eyes blinked bright flash red high overhead bird posed briefly dove straight pelican fishing lazily waters bay bird landed lightly pelican head ramon gasped bright red gull pelican opened huge beak gull darted head speared fish pelican pouch sailed sky ramon held breath amazement red gull perch pelican head snatch fish ramon counted fish fish left pelican pouch gull pelican fought tug war gull won swiftly flew prize disappearing palm trees lined edge beach ramon shook head hauled kite quickly ran path clearing house stood sea gull sea gull red ruby saw beach cried shouting ramon mother asked coming porch
bumpy ride arrived san juan carlos steered taxi narrow streets city parked marine research station ramon lifted sea gull box carried building mother carlos want senora santiago lady desk saw red bird ramon arms led office end hallway senora santiago woman seated desk gulls looking found beach ponce ramon reported injured wing looks gulls expect delivered senora santiago smiling gulls marked red dye help trace winter migration routes continued traveled woods hole massachusetts pointed big map wall finger stopped puerto rico don put red pin map town ponce giving pin ramon mean carlos inquired gull thief wanted stealing fish pelicans course senora santiago replied laughing gull taking fish pelicans habits laughing gulls clever let birds fish leave gull cared red dye disappear gull sheds feathers grows
seen water move water lakes streams rivers moves current water moves carry seeds seeds water seeds plants grow water seeds plants fall water carried shore root seeds carried rainwater wind stream river water known carry seeds distances coconut known water traveler fruit big stay water shell light waterproof picked burr dog clothes helping plant travel fruits plants flowers travel animals look closely picture burr burdock tiny hooklike parts called bracts surround fruit grows inside bracts hook clothing animals fur person animal walks seeds shaken fruit fall ground sprout grow animals help carry fruits seeds ways seen squirrel gathering acorns acorn actually fruit oak tree squirrel eat part nut inside acorn let part fall ground squirrel bury nuts forget seeds oak tree chance sprout grow birds animals pick fruits berries carry eaten
lived mountains garden worked loved garden sons loved garden lazy fellows care hard hoeing digging planting carrying water hard sons oldest son fishing middle son hunting youngest son took care neighbor horses bring money home families passed father called sons dear children tell secret happen treasure buried garden inherit garden die digging earth sooner later find treasure died sons mourned father gathered families relatives friends discuss treasure garden dig entire garden find treasure oldest son guess lies knows deep treasure buried hard middle son son say true wonderful find treasure started dream aloud trade gold found money buy wonderful things ran money gold trade
morning grandmother annie bus stop meet school bus dawdled walking slowly watching feet miss bus suddenly want miss knew ran hard fast breathing deeply yellow bus waiting stop climbed aboard bus moved stopping hogans annie sat plan school bad bad teacher send mother father mother father school talk teacher mother weave playground annie teacher charge gym class lead exercises today asked answered teacher laughed leader teacher young blue skirt wide heels brown shoes high teacher kicked shoes children laughed annie teacher lead bending jumping waited teacher lead jogging playground annie jogged past spot teacher shoes lay ground picked shoe hid folds dress annie jogged past trash dropped shoe inside children saw laughed frowned line jogged schoolhouse door annie slipped line inside room desk
humming hum walking gaily wondering felt suddenly sandy bank bank large hole aha pooh rum tum um tum hole means rabbit rabbit means company company means food listening humming rum tum tum um bent put head hole called home sudden scuffling noise inside hole silence home called pooh loudly voice added shout loud heard bother pooh winnie pooh took head hole thought thought put head hole hallo rabbit rabbit sort voice rabbit voice don think rabbit meant pooh took head hole think put kindly tell rabbit friend pooh bear friend
christopher robin lived end forest rabbit saw front half pooh silly bear loving voice felt hopeful beginning think bear sniffing slightly rabbit able front door hate rabbit front door christopher robin course front door rabbit pull pooh push rabbit scratched whiskers thoughtfully pointed pooh pushed course glad pooh lived trees lived underground mean pooh mean rabbit pity waste christopher robin nodded thing wait thin getting thin asked pooh anxiously week think stay week stay silly bear getting difficult read rabbit cheerfully hope won snow added say fellow re taking deal room house mind legs towel horse
reading school equipment acquainted books familiar listed groups recognize books lists favorite considered books read groups groups represent major classifications literature knowing classifications fits help enjoy read understand think groups books listed page book group charlotte web wonderful story experiences charlotte spider wilbur pig delightful characters able communicate talk haven read book story product author imagination spiders pigs talk human speech book books group belong classification called fiction fiction writing comes imagination author books group books group based facts imagination books belong classification called nonfiction talk fiction referring short stories longer works called novels main characteristic fiction imaginative fiction elements learn magazine include characters animals story plot action story setting place story takes place
eastern sky beginning turn pink sound meek voices woke haunched coyote pups lined neat row faced tent saw awake leaped forward joyful recognition whiming barking attempting lick face half awake perfectly clear daylight mother coyote brought food protection pack nearly yesterday trail wondered mate learned coyotes ways cherokee father firsthand acquaintance remarkable rapport wild creatures treks wilderness hundreds chances observe coyote conduct close range asked accident befallen father pups rescued pack bent destroying mother cubs sleepy ponder problem pups growing insistent demanding breakfast sigh thought dwindling food supply wriggled jeans pups gulped food fixed shoving snapping finitely relieved catch glimpse mother wraith drifted ran manzanita shrubs tent moved liquid ease grace tongue hung limp side mouth sign extreme fatigue scrutinized move
turns going shows contended kubah edek sevek foremost ally proclaimed suggest skip lots turns sevek oldest doubt knows describe plot movie interested films edek proposal unfair consideration admit sense sevek storyteller allusion connection movies foundation conversation turned profession eventually choose shimek firm mind grew coachman drive carriage kubah determined ice cream vendor delightful walk streets keg ice cream feel urge open gobble want edek aspired firefighter head gleaming copper helmet ride white horse front fire truck spent reading dreamed writing stories adventure travel sevek grow going motion picture director turned sevek real prize decided appoint loyal ambassador movie house counted pennies chipping twenty cents week week sevek movies tuesdays fridays movie eagerly awaited chestnut tree tell truth sevek betrayed hopes trust
rock music played loud group students asked question survey rock music students answered liked feel rhythm vibrations electrically amplified instruments feel music played inside heads exciting dangerous saxophonist aged nineteen played rock bands fourteen hearing poor times subject noise likely deaf nowadays ten americans hear perfectly loud sounds reason blame close eyes shut light spit food tastes bad hold nose repulsive smell humans earflaps automatically shutting noise cover ears block ear canals fingers ear plugs ear muffs things presence loud noises units measure sound called decibels decibel system begins softest sounds human ear hear decibels understand soft fact beat heart flow blood veins arteries give decibels quiet breathing sitting makes decibels sound doctors listening faint heart lung sounds put stethoscope patient chest wilderness rustling leaves chirping birds scurrying animals noise decibels
read fiction want entertained hope pick book short stories enjoy author tell want interested characters want care happens things turn end story don understand plot simple complicated wonder author chose strange characters story set unusual place understand appreciate story story type fiction familiar fact reads discovers types fiction order able enjoy wide variety fiction important understand types story read tools enjoy lesson help recognize understand types fiction realistic fiction named real characters lifelike conversations sound occur setting actual place place actual place plot happen realistic fiction account experiences real realistic fiction set present known contemporary realistic fiction contemporary means exists occurs present story higgins contemporary realistic fiction
whispered mcdunn comes nodded johnny poor monster lying thousand miles sea miles deep maybe waiting biding creature think waiting maybe kind sort think true anyway comes land build lighthouse ago set foghorn sound sound place bury sleep sea memories thousands re hide sound foghorn comes goes comes goes stir muddy bottom deeps eyes open lenses foot cameras move slow slow ocean sea shoulders heavy foghorn comes thousand miles water faint familiar furnace belly stokes begin rise slow slow feed slakes cod minnow rivers jellyfish rise slow autumn months september fogs started october fog horn calling late november depressurizing feet higher hour surface alive slow surfaced explode takes months surface number days swim cold waters lighthouse
dominant forces natural blessing burden plants animals effects felt melted snow blizzard light flurries heavy crust drifting powder triggers reaction living creature animals move south warmer climates flakes fall dormancy hibernation shielded dens creatures choice survive adapt snow changing eating habits behavior color fur feathers animals snow season mean safety protection starvation vulnerability determining factor frequently character depth snow falls snow develops clouds billions microscopic water droplets droplets mix bits salt dust earth surface form snow crystals type crystals form influence kind snow cover eventually blankets ground cold temperatures clouds moisture small crystals develop fall earth powder snow type snow drift warmer clouds plenty moisture present crystals form starlike points falling crystals interlock producing large flakes glide gently tend build tops branches thin surfaces ground likely drift according meteorologist estimate takes million crystals cover square foot area snow ten inches deep wind temperature ground affect character snow cover
opposite house number street stood house headquarters general howe headquarters german general ally notwithstanding fact quaker friend lydia darragh staunch patriot reason wish american victory son charles lieutenant general washington camp whitemarsh lydia darragh major clark spies likely operating system family collected information husband copied reports shorthand bits paper small folded hidden inside large button molds covered wooden buttonmolds cloth matched younger son john suit sewed jacket fourteen boy important courier slipped american camp wearing suit cloth buttons older brother charles removed messages buttons charles read father shorthand transcribed messages george washington drew planned attack enemy unconsciously played lydia darragh hands requiring rooms billeting officer ordered husband turn house british army find quarters family incensed lydia marched street protest headquarters serving british captain barrington officer lydia protested kinsman country maiden barrington originally ireland captain known schoolmaster husband private tutor barrington family ireland
imagine friend patty starts tell story girl moved ago wrote told happened wait say describe move asking information help story fiction writer establishes things immediately characters setting friend backtracks lee short black hair wears glasses likes popular family moved large city fall lee couldn friends felt lee situation problem conflict important part plot story problem story happened ask patty tells lee tried ways friends radically changed dressed order noticed trip uncomfortably high shoes fall lunch tray cafeteria noticed ways trying solve problem gains case setbacks move plot forward help build suspense finally happened demand patty says decided stop trying hard noticed enjoyed started practicing guitar pretty found played guitar found didn popular person school feel story resolving problem part plot main character learns problem called theme
alec swam rowboat leg hanging limp reached pat hung side helped boat boy pain leg alec head whirl blackness settling shook head left pat big arm waist limp alec regained consciousness found bed sat pat large grin face blue eyes crinkling corners love mike exclaimed thought going sleep forever pat alec asked sleeping pat ran large gnarled hand black hair son pretty tired paused let picked tuesday morning wednesday night whew alec sleeping wake couple times give soup guess wouldn remembering alec moved slightly felt pain leg eyes turned pat hurt bad asked doc says bone healing nicely days black happened lad expect fight put tore boat pat blue eyes flashed devil moment hoofs touched deck wanted fight band killed plunged struck legs seen
suppose social studies class assignment prepare written report european country report include information history climate natural resource transportation common occupations country imagine select ireland country want write prepare report textbook peoples encyclopedia collection books teacher brought class books locate information report knowing parts book help find looking quickly efficiently lesson review parts book learn steps help find information need complete report ireland system similar assignments classes examine number books find features able recognize features knowing help find information need review description parts book purpose part parts help find information report title page appears front book title author authors publisher place publication professional experience author listed information help decide author qualified write topic book turn front book find title page authors published book title page find copyright page tells book published holds copyright print book
want things shouted trudy waded surf pull red roadster swim began french tug alsace carrying trainers father sister jazz band spirits boat full reporters sea choppy trudy red cap frequently disappeared beneath waves ten clock began rain sea grew rougher reporters seasick trudy plowed noon chicken broth baby bottle dangled line side alsace band played barney google star spangled banner cheer trudy hummmed beat kick metronome precision miles suddenly line squall whipping channel boiling caldron impossible anxious trainer shouted trudy shouted asked sugar lumps sucking quick energy lips mouth swollen salt water waves bent destroying trudy going accompanying boats wrote signs encourage held sides band stepped music trudy going water twelve hours english coast miles farther trudy struck wicked waves gain yard battered close shore indomitable young woman trainer ordered trudy swimming shouted swollen lips
china needed help chinese anticipated quake save million lives ten hours quake hit tens thousands left homes order government moved safe ground scientists later learned chinese respected earthquake sensing abilities animals earlier government booklets rural families picturing describing animals states prequake agitation directing animals behaved unusually reported immediately earthquake prediction direct result instructions peoples believed animals things happen creatures quake prone places credited power twenty centuries number stories animals knowing earthquakes small compared number stories animals foretell weather stories span ages dozens countries swallows flew low cows looked sky romans meant showers horses yawned roosters crowed finland meant upcoming drizzles flies bit eagerly fish broke water donkeys brayed sea birds roosted early americans meant rain storm lore short term weather fact animals thought ready freezing winters months advance geese fly south early turkeys grow thicker feathers bears gluttonize sport thicker coats squirrels gather nuts needed ready cold coming winter zoologists tried explain stories pointing kind animal finely tuned climate weather special adaptations survival
health important wilma rudolph popular lecturer speaks diet exercise stressing feel free active physically fit says suggest talk exercise thirty minutes morning wind exercises watching evening news works regularly track tennessee university coach edward temple physical fitness natural wilma rudolph summer olympic games rome italy dazzled spectators stadio olimpico winning women meter meter dashes anchoring victorious united states women meter relay team wilma rudolph american woman history win gold medals track field single olympic competition praised international press reporter magazine wrote wilma triumph running gold medal glory miss rudolph regularly starts arms pumping classic style smoothly shifted gears flowing stride rest pack churning treadmill european journalists equally wilma french called la gazelle la chattanooga choo choo la perle noire black pearl italian press referred la gazzella nera black gazelle witnessed performance superhuman grace speed wilma victories amazing light childhood handicap paralyzed left leg appreciation health capacities human body discipline hard tremendous support regained leg
turn estimable books natural sciences history region wish ponder facts grasp realities function pictures present visual evidences memories mysteries personal level experience experiences photographed directly distilled synthesis total personal significance spirit captured images visualized obedient eye camera yosemite age fourteen tremendous event impressions monuments height stately sculptures stone glowing searching sun white waters pouring thunder cliffs sky active clouds merced full spring flood rapids deep pools facades grottos forest light throguh explored accessible feature yosemite valley adjacent high sierra extensive trips kings river sierra joseph le family high trip sierra club kaweah kern sierra trips club serving assistant manager month outings hiking climbing cameras helping set camps organizing mountaineering programs managing evening campfires seeking lost ended loading plates films holders photographic changing bag lying head stifling sleeping bag hectic program repeated sierra club times explore remote areas including east side sierra dips desolate beautiful owens valley wander alabama tungsten hills remnants ancient sierra ranges composed marvelous chaos weathered granitic rocks
dog stop stop playing cat stop playing dog going show turtle show tomorrow dog want play today dog trying sleep rabbit daytime dog don sleep night dog night cat ok dog sleep rabbit don cat nice place maybe play turtle thing rabbit yes turtle turtle didn think place play cat play night rabbit tomorrow show bear going cat didn bear bear sing sing play things turtle bears fun rabbit cat going play fox play working turtle run hen cat turtle rabbit show tomorrow cat show hen wouldn rabbit didn find place play hen friends place play cat play want rabbit show
lupe play alma alma lupe room clara want play school lupe friends playing clara play clara play alma alma place play school clara let book help read story clara alma look house tree alma tree house clara clara nice tree house alma yes nice place play clara tree house don tree alma think idea clara show idea alma alma ok think clara tree house story tree house alma think dad help ask dad alma dad need place play idea tree house help dad help house tree alma look idea think mother help dad idea alma let ask mother alma want tree house mother dad going house help tree mother tree dad look alma idea mother let
finished reading short story decided bad judgment based felt read didn asked liked short story characters feel understood cared experiences going interested plot suspense story held attention elements liked liked experienced reader find additional factors important part decision fiction based author tells story appreciate techniques author create fiction author decide tell story author determine point view story related tell author choose number writing techniques lesson considers point view writing techniques foreshadowing flashback able recognize authors techniques successfully increase ability understand enjoy appreciate read read excerpt short story tornado illustrates writing techniques lesson karl jerked awake sounds television newscaster saying interrupt program bring special bulletin weather service twelve hours tornado watch
mind unusually large crowd gathered police hands full keeping pushing shoving ropes bulging pressure women children dressing room noticed girls ropes fourteen sixteen inside rope youngster holding hands struggling excitedly half laughter thought bit childish play light later events scene impressed vividly cleared george called assistant don want accidents ay answered charley george guppy helped end ascents coolness judgment absolute reliability trust hands utmost confidence business overlook inflating balloon parachute perfect working order nassau filled straining guys parachute lay flat ground trapeze tossed overcoat took position gave signal let rush upward earth sudden balloon caught wind heeled violently took longer usual looked familiar sight rushing thousands beneath face silently upturned
dientje don close opoe minute hannink stay sit front window truck close opening hiding place going kitchen course johan coming home twelve eat sini stood close listening waiting dientje okay okay dientje ran re re closed hiding place piece wood heard lower shelf close closet door heard footsteps ran stairs took suffocate didn leaned sini footsteps loud boots coming stairs wooden shoes coming sini put arms pushed head shoulder loud voices ugly furniture moved opoe protesting voice closet door thrown open hands fumbled shelves sini trembling tightened arms longer breathed nose breathing mouth noise speaking german saying want pieces cloth mine opoe tell stick pounded floor closet door slammed heart beating loudly hear stick bayonet closet wall wall sure hit wall
chips designed built perform endless variety electronic jobs chips desk built store bits information designed route information millionths programmed preinstructed tell machine handle incoming outgoing data miracle chips designed electronic digital computers means limited kind machine miracle chips scores products granted virtually wrist watches sold balance wheel variety springs tiny gears linked hands face watch today watches built entirely electronic components addition displaying easily readable digital numbers electronic watches track display month elapsed times special dates watches market tiny built calculators brought dramatic change traditional wind timepieces current electronic devices miracle chips tiny integrated circuits eliminate need moving parts watch accurate minute store process extra information watch chips drawing boards engineer told reason build talking watch future imagine tell correct demand remind show basketball practice home dinner favorite television program bed
read sentences decide creates vivid picture mind cress happy cress happy baby picked flower sentences express idea author description vivid figurative language simply saying cress happy author compared happiness surprised baby succeeded picking flower comparison creates meaningful picture mind authors figurative language meaning clearer stir imagination writing enjoyable lesson going study types figurative language simile metaphor personification sentence similar read cress delahanty figurative language sentence called simile simile comparison unlike things comparison word similes conversation heard similies ran deer hungry lion seen running deer hungry lion comparisons help understand girl ran fast boy hungry expressions build understanding colorful increases enjoyment comparisons similes statement girl looks mother simile similar things compared similes compare things basically girl deer boy lion context reading helps understand ways dissimilar things alike meaning intended
clutching picture precious piece past euphoric christopher frame staggered desk sat heavily true actually pictured photos terrible thought crossed mind able timer broke tenderly put picture desk turned bright light studied sarah dear face magnifying glass suddenly knew worked hard complete pride integrity governed actions despite wild thoughts whirled head anyway wanted tired nightfall custom closed hour lunchtime floor neat catalogued order browsed small storeroom familiar heirlooms admiringly ran hands carving high backed chair held cranberry glass goblet light studied inlaid mother pearl design graceful secretary today objects priced average person reach past fine things commonly tingle think working artisans considered detail closing satisfied accomplishments extremely tired looked front window hoping usual clock rush shrugged turned carefully took picture desk glanced bedroom
nubbly boundary stone separates school house lot woods belong wally piper lots front road book close school plain set dared trust eyes fallen asked place risk harm dwelt thoughts taking gladly hands turned familiar pages friend cover side place stranger intruder amidst company pleez miss pitty cold letters drawn charcoal raggedly formed wait tell cassie asa stepped yard morning bit paper held beneath stone promptly attracted eye altho fingers clumsy cold hastened smooth open wait rock altho lacked signature knew writer asa school woods appeared soon showed boot prints found seen phantom sharp deeply imprinted ground soft caught fast freeze clearly boots size prints widely spaced suggest stride whoose asked cath phantom real asa mere vision phantom
assumption statement accepted true proven true look sentence ambulance expensive town ten thousand source argument town council identify assumption sentence members town council argued ambulance proven true part sentence assumption ambulance actually expensive town ten thousand sentence accepted true proven ambulance expensive assumption determine assumption actually true reader need find information ambulance town need type ambulance cost provide emergency medical services town citizens ambulance operation shared neighboring town factors considered demonstrated ambulance expensive town shows assumptions frequently persuade readers agree carefully examining able recognize assumptions reading automatically accept ask questions help decide information presented propaganda spreading information ideas persuade deal propaganda radio television advertisements posters billboards newspaper magazine articles propaganda easy recognize propaganda obvious
happened morning suddenly majestic mountain peaks cascade range northwestern united states mount st helens blew top scientists estimate mountain exploded force ten million tons tnt hours square miles square kilometers beautiful forest transformed gray lunarlike wasteland sixty dead indians northwest called peak fire mountain knew mount st helens live volcano volcano opening vent earth surface molten rock hot gases erupt tremendous force disastrous results volcano created explodes destruction predict volcano erupt learn answers questions chapter nature awesome creations beginning volcano actually occurs deep earth interior temperature extremely high greater depth intense heat miles kilometers surface earth heat extreme melts rocks forming pasty liquid called magma mixed magma gas produced melting rocks gas bubbles expand inside magma liquid gradually rises earth weeks months journey upward red hot magma melts gaps cold surrounding rocks finally collecting large underground magma pool reservoir miles earth surface pressure solid rock reservoir gas filled magma acts gas charged soda water shaken inside bottle
monday buy cards salesman stopped monday morning deliver assortments exciting fresh batch card boxes rushed home school hurriedly changed clothes eager set store burst doorway letting screen door slam brother armand blocked fourteen older freshman monument high school recently stranger ways indifferent matters cowboy cards frenchtown tigers carried mysterious dignity fractured voice began shooting directions kind vocal fireworks wait minute jerry want talk motioned earshot mother busy supervising usual school skirmish kitchen sighed impatience recent months armand figure authority siding father mother occasionally oldest son took advantage age experience issue rules regulations money whispered kind trouble asked excitement rising remembered blackmail plot movie globe month shook head annoyance look pa birthday tomorrow think chip buy reached pocket caressed coins carefully pulling nickel give nickel buy pretty nice
woods filled shadows june evening clock bright sunset glimmered faintly trunks trees young girl driving home cow plodding provoking creature behavior valued companion going western light striking deep woods feet familiar path matter eyes night summer cow found waiting pasture bars contrary greatest pleasure hide huckleberry bushes wore loud bell discovery stood perfectly ring sylvia hunt found call answering moo patience spent creature milk plenty case owners sylvia pleasant weather consolation look cow pranks intelligent attempt play hide seek girl playmates lent amusement deal zest chase wary animal unusual signal whereabouts sylvia laughed mistress moolly swamp side urged affectionately homeward twig birch leaves cow inclined wander farther turned direction left pasture stepped road pace
young women walked briskly talked fashionably dressed older wearing uniform carrying black bag sister home lillian dark haired younger woman stopped rang doorbell nurse talked moments doctor met hall bedroom patient lillian wald stayed glad moments catch breath sort events past hours visiting married sister julia barry seashore julia suddenly felt ill physician called suggested nurse care julia asked lillian call nurse bring concern sister prompted lillian ask million questions hurried barry home seldom ill spoken trained nurse fascinated learned walk days lillian watched nurse caring julia eager mind probed deeply asked training hospitals patients treated needs young nurse lillian wald known certainly sounded grim ways appealed satisfying calling service lillian thought lillian expressed interest parents disapproved felt sure suitable young lady nursing beginning accepted profession
authors charts graphs maps help communicate information visual materials found textbooks magazines almanacs encyclopedias private business government non profit organizations computers create reason visual study aids popular present information clearer concise presented written passage visual materials add information included written text lesson review kinds charts graphs maps reading schoolwork put chart drawing shows organization relationships words pictures symbols chart show things realtionships generations family steps involved waxing car charts bring parts representation picture imagine school annual spring festival want committees planning meeting student president presents chart showing organization students festival figure notice read chart top bottom top working directly student president teacher advisor bottom committees chairperson charge organizational chart lines connect labeled boxes circles lines show relationship parts organization fit
el turns hand stores places find costumes working low budget costume ideas costume designer diane rodriguez explores sources including fashion magazines imagination members theater company diane rodriguez unusually versatile actors gutierrez explains wear hats diane actress costume designer director idea gutierrez continues kind theater help production el workshops actors include building sets planning costumes making posters working lighting scenery el campesino looks ingenuity expensive materials cases scenery plays close hand play rose rancho modeled family castros lived san juan bautista el didn find perfect stage set performed castro home porch stage el graphic artist victoria petrovich remembers el productions vegetable packing crates scenery real packing crates says stage smelled cabbage broccoli el props suggest try reproduce real objects part dramatic production actos el needed show airplane spraying field pesticide problem solved adding wings large baby powder actor fly stage idea drew howls laughter audience
cells golden globules eggs multiplied countless divisions shieldlike forms embryo fish began shape yolk spheres hordes enemy roving drifting plankton glassworms transparent slender creatures cleaved water arrows darting directions seize fish eggs copepods kind fierce heads toothed jaws terrible dragons smaller beings plankton measure quarter inch floating mackerel eggs scattered buffeted dartings rushes glassworms driftings current tide carried waters heavy toll mackerel food egg contained embryonic scomber drifted unscathed eggs seized eaten warm sun young cells eggs stirred furious activity growing dividing differentiating cell layers tissues organs nights days threadlike body fish taking form egg curled halfway globe yolk gave food thin ridge mid line showed stiffening rod cartilage forerunner backbone forming large bulge forward end showed place head smaller outpushings marked future eyes scomber
answering question difficult nearly million kinds living things inhabit earth today expect differences exist plants animals differences difficulty stating simple answer question suppose asked biologist problem say solution easier similarities living things observed common features important defining differences scientist provide definition give set features apply living things tell understand living things course biology biology study chance spend exploring natural surroundings live area forest imagine walk forest walk observe living things approach edge forest kinds plant include grasses weeds shrubs flowering plants enter forest aware striking forms trees plants ferns mosses growing forest floor leaves fallen branches litter earth look find kinds animal insects plentiful ants scurry special job spiders worms creatures animal plentiful birds sing songs rabbit bounds quickly sight deer nibbling leaves maybe snake sliding undergrowth
explanations facts logical correct fleming experiments supported explanation verified prediction hypothesis words confirmed experimentation times experimentation confirm hypothesis reveal scientist explanation partly totally incorrect happens look facts interpret original hypothesis changed tested process observation interpretation hypothesis experimentation repeated need repeated times hypothesis confirmed fleming discovery penicillin early arose chance research area developed major practical breakthrough fleming realized potential penicillin drug later determined effect penicillin common disease causing bacteria penicillin saved millions lives discovery caused scientists search similar drugs result drugs discovered kill bacteria penicillin kill drugs called antibiotics boon modern medicine drugs considered miracle drugs tend granted illustrates important points scientific research carried natural curiosity wants hows whys result benefits refrigerators antibiotic drugs resulted fleming set discover drug cure bacterial infections unexpected happened ignore curiosity aroused drug medicine accidental discovery penicillin
scattered cytoplasm structures called mitochondria light microscope bodies specks rods dots depending cell examined electron microscope reveals complexity cigar shaped hollow double layered membrane layer folded central cavity filled fluid figure mitochondria found cells requiring amounts energy cells led biologists believe mitochondria involved energy recent discoveries supported assumption energy rich molecules burned mitochondria release energy mitochondria called powerhouses cells found cells network tubelike structures network called endoplasmic reticulum tubes connect ending blind alleys cells portions network connected nucleus endoplasmic reticulum acts cellular subway canal system transports materials cells tiny spherical bodies located surface endoplasmic reticulum bodies called ribosomes composed mainly rna sites places protein synthesis amino acids proteins pass surface ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum transport cell golgi bodies scattered cells consist stack flattened slightly rounded tubes ends tubes saclike golgi bodies abundant cells secrete chemicals thought function involves secretion storage secretions secretions combinations proteins carbohydrates scientists believe proteins travel ribosomes endoplasmic reticulum golgi bodies
mendel set determine traits transmitted parent offspring fortunate chose large number plants realized greater number plants greater chances results meaningful looking general trends wanted derive basic set rules transmission traits pea plants reproduce sexually male female sex organs enclosed flower male gametes fertilize eggs flower figure generations results offspring features parents plants pure mendel wished cross plant trait plant opposite trait wanted cross plants produced round seeds plants produced wrinkled seeds transferred male gametes plant plant cases male gametes obtained round seeded plants transferred wrinkled seeded plants opposite combination mendel found case parental cross yielded offspring round seeds offspring parental cross filial generation mendel impressed complete absence wrinkle seeded plants generation experimented crossed members generation round seeded plants crossed round seeded plants offspring cross called filial generation results cross revealing offspring produced plants round seeds wrinkled seeds gave ratio close round seeded plants wrinkled seeded plant
human diseases definitely hereditary hemophilia sex linked recessive feature results failure blood clot properly alleles hemophilia normal blood clotting carried chromosome chromosome carries allele male likely disease female cells allele chances acquiring allele greater chances acquiring alleles male happens receive recessive allele blood clot properly human diseases run families considered hereditary sugar diabetes disease persons suffering diabetes produce insulin insulin substance transfer sugar blood body cells result diabetics accumulate sugar blood sugar cells energy source biologists believe diabetes caused recessive gene multiple genes involved varying degrees disease type trait nondisjunction defects common type syndrome mongolism caused nondisjunction results eye shape typical mongoloid mental retardation symptoms short arms legs internal defects person suffering disorder extra chromosome normal homologous pair twenty chromosome present treatment disorder mistakes sexual development occur nondisjunction sex chromosomes chromosome patterns xxy xxx xxxy xyy
form asexual reproduction vegetative propagation vegetative propagation organism produced nonsexual vegetative part parent organism celled organisms occurs splitting organism smaller organisms offspring equal size fission protozoans amoeba paramecium celled algae reproduce bacteria undergo fission twenty minutes occur nutrients space multicellular organisms reproduce vegetative propagation offspring genetically identical parent vegetative propagation occurs mitosis offspring exactly traits parent organism budding type vegetative propagation budding outgrowth forms parent organism outgrowth eventually breaks bud grows complete organism figure illustrates budding yeast unicellular organism hydra multicellular relative jellyfish yeast cell portion cell wall grows form bud nucleus replicates nuclei remains parent cell nucleus moves bud cell give rise chain buds pinched budding hydra complex organism composed kinds cells bud forms small group cells side parent organism bud develop parts mature adult structures developed young hydra breaks yeast hydra genetic message transferred mitosis
trait adaptation improves chances survival reproduction organism environment feature gills useless land animal aid survival reproduction trait survival selected prevents reproduction organism receive genetic information edge escaping predators information interferes ability reproduce selected spread population adaptations promote survival reproduction environments humans adapted environments explain adaptations rarely occur overnight means single change genetic message evolution depends opportunity natural selection operates invent modify gene pool population piece clay clay molded forms living population changed form natural selection natural selection final mold occur improve chances survival natural selection features continued population change slightly genes spread population complex eye structure result millions slow evolution organ developed slow gradual change step gave organisms slightly vision organ began area distinguish light dark feature improve chances survival reproduction ability recognize light darkness ability evolved vision blurred image primitive lens
common names inadequate uniform classification system word frog instance suggests mental image inaccurate scientific label kind frog grass frog tree frog toad consider common word worm suggests animal cylindrical slimy soft biologists familiar worms roundworms flatworms segmented worms organisms ringworms acorn worms actually worms ringworm fungus acorn worm simple relative vertebrates common names confusing scientific logical means naming classifying organisms needed aristotle contributions biology system classifying organisms separated living things major groups plants animals group subdivided subgroups plants classified herbs shrubs trees herbs plants soft stems shrubs plants small woody stems trees plants single woody stem animals grouped basis lived air land sea animals figure aristotle system classification provided means grouping organisms study major criticism reasons subdividing grouped plants basis structural similarities differences animals grouped basis lived system classification basis groupings aristotle scheme grouping plants grouping animals grouping organisms means structural features biologists today
plants water easily obtain carbon dioxide needed photosynthesis carbon dioxide dissolved water easily absorbed plants land method needed atmosphere percent carbon dioxide result adaptations order bryophytes receive gas adaptation development pores pores small openings leaves air small amount carbon dioxide enters plant pores order absorbed plants gases dissolved water land plants evolved cells surrounded thin film water carbon dioxide entering plant pores dissolves water diffuses cells reproduction mosses undergo alternation generations sporophyte dependent gametophyte section terms adaptation land environment understandable major problems moving water land protection egg embryo mosses eggs enclosed sterile structures female gametophyte chance destroyed fertilization adaptation means male gametes swim eggs result water needed order fertilization occur complete adaptation land bryophytes prevented water needs transport tissues water transport slow result size bryophytes limited water constantly needed bryophytes water needed surround cells gases absorbed presence pores increases evaporation water atmosphere amount water needed increased
blood lungs travels left atrium pulmonary veins left atrium contracts blood forced left ventricle powerful contraction left ventricle forces blood aorta aorta large artery heart aorta forms arch bends heart smaller arteries branch aorta arteries divide blood parts body arteries divide capillaries capillaries merge form small veins veins merge form large veins bring blood atrium human heart valves valves atria ventricles entrances arteries ventricles valves allow blood flow direction think important atrium ventricle tricuspid valve left atrium ventricle bicuspid valve entrances arteries ventricles semilunar valves mammalian circulatory system efficient vertebrates mammals blood travels heart circulation body entire trip takes minute complete separation oxygenated deoxygenated blood assured blood left ventricle general circulation body cells fully oxygenated tissues receive maximum amount oxygen blood side heart lacking oxygen lungs oxygen picked developing chick embryo slight twitching incomplete heart later twitching definite rhythmic beating heartbeat regular
animals exposed dry atomosphere undergo gas exchange body surface moisture dissolve gases needed dry air brought moistened areas body land arthropods insects relatives air enters organism small openings openings called spiracles located sides body spiracles external openings tubes called tracheae tracheae branch rebranch organism smallest branches end tiny air sacs called tracheoles water figure spiracles tracheae tracheoles tracheal system air circulated tracheal system simple diffusion large insects muscular contractions oxygen air dissolves inside moist tracheoles passes directly cells carbon dioxide cells passes tracheoles dissolves expelled spiracles system efficient cell tracheole animals tracheal system respiratory system related circulatory system blood transport gases circulatory system open system section amphibians reptiles birds mammals system external respiration insects animals moist internal areas gas exchange internal areas large structures called lungs respiratory system linked circulatory system gases transported cells external environment blood amphibians gills present larval stages gills replaced lungs organisms mature frogs salamanders lungs respiration occurs diffusion smooth moist skin animals live moisture plentiful earthworms amphibians lead partly aquatic
top kidney small adrenal gland outer part gland adrenal cortex differs structure function part adrenal medulla hormone called adrenaline epinephrine secreted adrenal medulla role adrenaline body activities known role stress large amounts adrenaline effects adrenaline heart beat faster blood pressure increase level sugar blood rise metabolism occur rapidly blood critical places brain skeletal muscles lungs heart set responses enables person cope stress person ready type activity response adaptive activities important stress situations person live adrenal medulla reactions caused nervous system cells adrenal medulla nerve cells gland cells facts show close relationship endocrine system nervous system adrenal cortex truly endocrine structure unlike adrenal medulla cortex secrets hormones aldosternone controls salt level blood causing kidneys absorb sodium chloride ions cortisol fats proteins changed glucose helps proper level sugar blood prevents inflammation cortisone prevents inflammation synthetic form reduce pain swelling caused diseases hormones role dealing stress adrenaline secreted
insects numerous type organism compete humans crops general nuisance effort rid insect enemies humans chemicals called insecticides insecticides poisons interfere nervous respiratory metabolic processes insects kill insects widely insecticides past chemical known ddt kills insects paralyzing ddt killing species insects important advantages killing anopheles mosquitoes mosquitoes transmit organism malaria section ddt kill insects destroy crops ddt successful early control forest pests kill garden house pests houseflies roaches beetles ants ddt insecticides convenient weapon farmers orchard keepers homeowners effective easily obtained insecticides resulted desire eliminate pests disease protect crops large areas sprayed insecticides harmful insects destroyed ddt insecticides kill organisms applying chemicals large areas entire ecosystems affected suppose insect pest natural prey larger carnivorous insect ddt kill pest insect populations affected carnivorous insects fewer number pests section likely completely destroyed pests survive effects insecticide wear pests present natural predators removed result
humans depend heavily fuels energy sources run machines wood important source energy early american settlers provided energy cook meals heat homes later fossil fuels coals oil natural gas industry technology increased energy sources huge amounts humans fuels today supply rapidly decreasing supply petroleum products required millions form humans totally supply hundred result natural renewal conserve energy sources atomic energy play major role future radioactive isotopes atomic energy nonrenewable humans continue search sources energy mind pollution problems conservation wildlife problem humans interfered natural food chains result caused extinction species animals section dodo bird passenger pigeon figure extinct human interference animals bison tigers nearly wiped animals hunted killed huge numbers hopefully realize extinction organisms interferes natural balance ecosystems removes forever part part beauty nature slowly destroyed organism disappears earth evolutionary history repeat organism forever humans conserve wildlife species animals
discoveries genetics promise era medicine geneticists studying effects genes determining locations genes chromosomes result learning hereditary diseases distant future destroy harmful genes laser beams human dna code cracked normal genes viruses normal genes introduce body transduction section practices called genetic engineering hereditary diseases hemophilia section diabetes mellitus section sickle cell anemia section wiped present treated prevented amniocentesis detect chromosome defects unborn children section cells isolated amniotic fluid karyotypes prepared cells diseases syndrome identified section present correct defects future maybe treated child born genetic counseling prospective parents families history hereditary disease genetic counselor advise parents chances offspring born disease result genetic counseling couples choose children children incurable diseases born genetic counseling common future assuming someday genetic engineering moral questions humans create artificially design human beings according whims wise increase size exploding population
billion living today planet earth live earth surface plains hillsides jungles deserts homes waters earth places live crowded square mile land soul miles places thousands dollars barely scratch places houses heat winter air conditioning summer places mud walls protection weather live developed ways working playing governing live songs sing god gods worship sports enjoy things culture culture passed children children children change greatly fast changing culture tasadays philippines ways living changed dawn history hunt stone weapons gather food trees culture depends part surroundings environment soil climate minerals kind land surface power resources environment ways living vary greatly environments matter live deal say live culture depends natural environment eskimo science able change surroundings comfortable
earth spinning turning spinning direction west east course side earth face sun side earth faces sun receives light heat happens side earth part earth sun dark night earth spin half earth lighted half dark earth spins axis imaginary line earth pole spinning earth axis called rotation rotation earth night earth makes complete turn hour period say earth rotates earth rotates orbiting moving sun movement earth sun called revolution earth revolves sun days earth makes complete trip sun spinning axis hours someday travel space earth standing straight facing sun leaning angle earth leans tilts angle degrees tilted direction revolves sun earth tilts north pole points north star
planet earth surface earth covered water soil forests beneath surface earth crust rich minerals iron gold silver copper lead tin aluminum ore earth crust layers coal petroleum oil natural gas natural resources gifts earth live soil covers earth valuable earliest civilizations earth china india egypt started fertile soil grow crops topsoil inches deep thin layer topsoil chiefly minerals living things topsoil plants insects water air minerals minerals called nutrients nutrients remain land food eat raw materials clothing shelter kinds soil soils rain forests savannas poor heavy rains leach wash minerals nutrients soil dry lands finds gray desert soils soils fertile irrigated rain wash nutrients irrigate bring water dry land ditches canals order grow crops humid subtropical lands soils reddish yellow fertilized give rich harvests soil fertilized minerals added richer farming soils found inland prairies north south america steppes soviet union
united states large climate land parts country result farming regions farming region definite boundary change kind farming gradual differences climate soil ways living farm products united states main crop producing regions central plains plains southern coastal plains valleys pacific coast central plains finest farm lands valuable crops grown region food farms helps feed united states parts farmers grow wheat grow corn raise dairy cows eastern part central plains chief crop corn growing season hot moist soil black fertile flat land makes easy farmers machines plant cultivate harvest crops corn belt extends states indiana illinois iowa parts ohio missouri kansas nebraska south dakota minnesota farmers sell corn feed animals hogs beef cattle sell animals farmers corn feed expect money sale meat sale corn beef cattle raised farms central plains grasslands farther west western ranches cattle feed grass makes grow large strong
compared lands land plenty americans money eat foods labor saving machines americans enjoy comfortable living poor homes poor americans unskilled workers migrant farm workers coal miners aged minority groups proper homes schooling medical care close fifty million americans living america black americans largest minority group united states civil war nation black slaves slavery ended united states states passed laws black class citizens allowed vote whites buses restaurants schools places number organizations fought equal rights black supreme court united states ordered end separate public schools blacks whites civil rights act passed congress result americans wish eat vote qualified unfair laws black minority groups puerto ricans mexican americans indians gaining higher standard living larger cities areas groups live areas rent sell homes country faces problem integrating americans society minority groups able attend schools fellow americans
religion tie brings latin americans cent catholic spanish portuguese brought catholic missionaries converted catholic religion catholic church important everyday tiny indian villages mountains churches protestants jews latin america small number compared catholics latin americans farmers large farms large farms called plantations carribean islands called haciendas mexico estancias argentina uruguay fazendas brazil large farms owned family farmers land called peons workers small farms raise corn small plots land farming ancestors speak spanish modern inventions easier knowledge methods farming help grow larger amount crops land herd llamas sheep grassy mountain slopes mines latin america big size growing population large share large areas south america rain forest mountains dry plains deserts support pleasant live carribean islands latin americans live eastern western highlands cooler hot lowlands
lands mediterranean sea part roman empire huge powerful empire broke settled piece farm land later roman rule replaced feudalism settlements called manors feudalism lord controlled manor castle serfs worked lord lived crops raised land gave part crops lord return protection gave farmers free pleased stay land born changed began travel meet trade began cities grew growth cities helped weaken power lords cities paid feudal lord freedom lords stronger wars fought control large territory stronger lords began call princes kings beginning nations europe countries france england brought strong lords lived territory strong lord king think part kingdom nation beginning feeling belonging nation weak end century strong feeling belonging nation pride nation known nationalism reasons development strong nations period exploration discovery
western europe region mills factories factories raw materials raw materials europe abroad oil rubber tin cotton copper raw materials imported western europe natural resources iron coal rapid rate imported high cost regions order factories going industrial revolution led western europe obtain colonies raw materials colonies helped feed factories western europe sell products factories colonies war ii colonies asia africa freed nations want develop resources goods trading mother countries countries united states japan short nations western europe lost markets parts countries southern europe italy spain portugal greece ways countries marine europe nations poorer neighbors north populations growing small areas fertile land hard pressed produce food growing population poor governments poor money provide public schools hospitals health services needed spain portugal greece chance part democratic governments brothers north
union soviet socialist republics stretches continents europe asia refer vast nation soviet union country mean soviet russian word council socialist means government owns land resources industries country soviet citizen personal property car home altogether correct russia referring soviet union russia small part soviet union part west ural mountains reasons learn soviet union largest nation reaching europe asia takes sixth land surface earth western part country called soviet europe eastern part known soviet asia siberia huge country closer think alaska northernmost miles siberia canada lies united states soviet union north pole million soviet union making largest nation population races national groups national group group share customs language traditions live soviet europe war ii soviet union powerful nations reasons growth strength wealth natural resources
jesus named mohammed born mecca arabia young trader merchant later believe prophet messenger god taught religion called islam mohammed gradually converted tribesmen arabia united inspired faith moslems followers islam began spread eastward westward overrunning lands moslems controlled vast area extending spain north africa india arab lands centers civilization lands followers mohammed language arabs arab traders carried goods ideas east lands europe middle civilization east civilization europe arabic words soda alcohol coffee algebra magazine part language end century arab empire began weaken conquered turks moslems later mongol tribes central asia invaded arab lands destroyed cities europe found water route riches east bypass overland routes controlled arabs arab traders longer important europe interested north africa middle east middle century french engineer ferdinand de lesseps east dream building waterway desert suez canal greatly shortened distance europe east
israel turkey lebanon majority farmers middle east poor likely remain reasons egypt iran attempts land reform farmers land give part crops large landowner land seed farmers hard crop yields low crops raised soil wears money buy fertilizer lack land small plots poor soil high rents farmers extreme poverty problems farmer region worry water supply important oil middle east water important water needed natural resource region future middle east north africa depends full scarce water resources area aswan dam egypt nile river early effort water desert land dam saves holds part nile yearly flood water irrigation aswan dam built government egypt russian aid built higher dam aswan dam holds larger supply water creates farmlands irrigation water spilling huge dam electric power areas method solve problems kuwait largest plants making fresh water removing salt sea water
equator runs middle africa means continent lies low latitudes tropics hot highlands cooler sea level part africa equator york chicago easy remember climate africa south sahara simple statement africa warm places warmer equator africa large rain forest extends gulf guinea west highlands east africa rain forest congo rain forest amazon river south america hot rainy winds ten miles hour unknown growth jungle thick crowded birds snakes monkeys fish apes rain forest full mosquitoes carry malaria yellow fever sleeping sickness carried tsetse fly deadly diseases africa tropical africa rain forest dry grassland called savanna savannas lie north south rain forest summer rainy season winters dry dusty hot dry season grasses turn brown cattle grow thin food scarce rainy season earth green grain grows cattle healthier food found africa large animals antelope lion elephant giraffe zebra live savannas north south savannas deserts
interested lands southeast asia early explorers sought water route spice islands part southeast asia called european nations eager resources lands entire region colonies nations europe high interest area past centuries greater moment independence small countries southeast asia wars news part southeast asia includes lands east india bangladesh south china japan part region lies continent asia ending malay peninsula extends southeast continent map page mainland asia nations burma thailand malaysia cambodia laos vietnam city singapore south east archipelagoes indonesia philippines thousands smaller islands total land area southeast asia half large land area united states stretches greater distance east west entire region million number square mile land united states island java part indonesia square mile land island half indonesia total population million region water lies busy mainland asia important waterways
populations australia zealand small australia thirteen million fewer york california zealand million white language customs ways living britain canada united states australia lightly populated countries average square mile land country dry live rim continent respect australia south america population growing slowly australians want country allow nonwhites africa asia settle lack rapidly growing population holds full development nation australia zealand nonwhite aborigines australia called bushpeople lived hunting gathering wild fruits bushpeople australia pushed land white settlers native americans north america today aborigines cent australia nomads outback live government reservations large cities zealand aborigines maoris maoris brown skinned fought white settlement islands accepted newcomers ways today maoris zealand enjoy rights country educated lawyers doctors teachers
history cursed war war ii terrible war known sixteen million killed battle millions died starvation bombings wounds persecutions warfare horrible representatives fifty nations met form organization help peace charter constitution drawn form united nations organization headquarters organization located york city began united nations strong force peace united states supported united nations efforts peace early scientists developed terrible weapon atom bomb bomb dropped united states japanese cities hiroshima nagasaki august killed injured bombings powerful nuclear bombs tested united states soviet union britain france china tested newer bombs china airplanes missiles carry bombs targets thousands miles matter minutes power destroy large areas nation seconds question nations able atomic weapons united states soviet union britain signed treaty agreeing explode nuclear weapons water air france china india sign treaty treaty beginning control atomic energy
live groups group situation differences opinion conflicts likely arise individuals individuals society political systems developed settle differences conflicts maintain order stability society standards laws live harmony history variety political systems developed political system societies society creates political system suits needs compatible background traditions course true political system freely chosen society system imposed society political systems static unchanging change meet needs political systems changed rapidly undergone gradual change instances modifications political system occur society changed society faced basic questions political system developed questions answered included form government established govern basic philosophy government role play political system history societies developed variety answers questions variety political systems formed political systems governmental power concentrated hands person absolute power enforce laws society political systems powers government carried small group groups officials elected appointed
nonwestern cultures asian african pre columbian american traditional political systems generally authoritarian democratic village level seen kinds authoritarian systems asia china india developed traditional political systems largely authoritarian twentieth century chinese political organization remained unchanged political stability due part presence pacific ocean location mountains deserts limited china contact civilized centers foundations chinese political system strong family village governments turn loyal theocratic emperor considered chosen heaven rule local governments responsible settling disputes providing social welfare subjects central government emperor concentrated part collecting taxes defending empire maintaining irrigation systems teachings chinese philosopher confucius gained wide popularity ideas large part basis chinese government confucius taught wife subordinate husband children subordinate parents subjects subordinate emperor emperor turn treat subjects stern loving father treats children failed act wisely heaven allow war flood famine sweep land principles government spread large part eastern asia chinese acquired empire conquest colonization unlike china india traditional central government
modern system government executive power exercised person group executive officials responsible enforcing law carrying policies government directing operation chief executive authoritarian political system secure position power orderly manner nation ruled monarch executive power inherited principle passed monarch successor bloodshed modern authoritarian leaders dictators kind dictators commonly mob action military force revolution similar means secure control nation dictators power constitutional means nations democratic institutions adolf hitler germany democratic institutions gain power control destroy violence control secured authoritarian chief executive power chief executive democratic system times power absolute individuals complete executive authority large nations adolf hitler nazi germany josef stalin soviet union late authoritarian systems chief executive rarely reponsive free elections unknown democratic systems hand executive power limited ways chief executive responsive unlike authoritarian systems democratic systems provide selection chief executive directly indirectly nation free elections
took tens thousands glaciers move south slowly melted ice remained north ice age glaciers formed spread melted times took place million ago ago appeared earth million ago ice age glaciers forced early move southward early finally settled warmer places earth early women looked ways ability think talk learn highly developed increased knowledge learned talk solve problems living early learned crude simple tools weapons ago women living called stone age stone age weapons tools wood stone crude chisels saws hatchets spears bows arrows stone age fished hunted food sewed animal skins clothing homes caves fire warmth cooking decorated walls caves pictures animals hunted cave paintings magic magic bring luck hunting think place live stone age setting lived call stone age
egyptians built earliest civilizations ancient egypt extended nile river miles mediterranean sea north eastern sudan south egyptians lived banks nile spring river overflowed covered land fertile soil amounts water raise rich crops land egyptians fair dark skinned egyptians mediterranean sea fair egyptians living eastern sudan area dark later arabs gave southern egypt bilad al sudan means country blacks ideas moved asia egypt southern western africa egyptians developed african civilization lasted egyptian king ruler called pharaoh pharaoh absolute ruler word law power death power pharaoh priests priests took care temples charge worship gods charge schools gave advice pharaoh sharing power pharaoh priests nobles nobles owned land pharaoh return helped pharaoh collect taxes served armies pharaohs nobles priests small part egypt majority free peasants slaves free worked merchants mechanics scribes writers peasants worked nobles fields farms
earth millions shape surface land masses earth changed hundreds thousands ago glaciers ice age caused part change ice age lasted million ago ago lived africa spread rest earth ago early living call stone age early weapons tools stone hunted animals fish learned fire lived call stone age lived farming raising livestock learned weave baskets clothing wool fibers jars pots clay important invented wheel starting learned tools weapons copper bronze thousand later started iron iron tools harder longer lasting early civilization originated egypt country located northeast africa egyptian civilization began developing banks nile river extended egypt present boundaries southward eastern sudan egyptians ruled absolute ruler called pharaoh system writing called hieroglyphics religion played large part lives change climate occurred west egypt area sahara desert ago increase rainfall sahara fertile
ideas led development called scientific method scientific method means ideas tested true ideas tested experiment instance idea water change ice temperature drops degrees fahrenheit degrees centigrade tested measuring temperature freezing water statement found ancient greek book accepted true tested sense ideas put forward church accepted question scientific spirit taught put beliefs actual test tests succeeded statement accepted scientific fact contributions rising renaissance development scientific method science result renaissance began look religious ideas christ christians western europe belonged roman catholic church content church ideas wanted church ideas spirit european helped bring big change religion germany monk named martin luther wanted church change things wrote things church leaders agreed luther felt danger church argument martin luther left catholic church established church
middle ages power kings reduced kingdoms europe divided small territories territory ruled powerful local noble nobles powerful king end middle ages kings countries began powerful forced nobles pledge promise full loyalty king followers nobles pledge loyalty king gave kings complete control lands kings decisions ask permission absolute unlimited rulers kings believed ruled consent god feel consent nobles important absolute ruler dictator democracy kingdom decisions king talk things advisors wished unlimited rule england england ruled william conqueror early england called celts romans met celtic julius caesar invaded england hundred later romans conquered england ruled later warriors denmark germany invaded england saxons tribe germany strongest group england saxon kings powerful nobles strong saxon kings share power nobles result ruler unlimited power saxon times
business divided production exchange production making goods exchange trading kind goods kind direct exchange goods called barter ancient times bartered cow wheat spear fish found easier money barter ancient medieval times money precious metal gold silver metal today precious metals called real money paper representative money suppose paper money precious metals ancient greeks farmers lived food produced greeks worked fishing boat building pottery making trades mining silver slave laborers mine greeks system barter later began money exchange idea money mediterranean greek farmers took goods markets sold money money buy things cities greeks began exchange products products lands trade lands brought wealth greeks ancient rome started land farmers rich farmers nobles called patricians poorer farmers owned small farms called plebeians plebs rome grew roman workmen served trades roads built aqueducts carry water rome romans bakers fishermen shoemakers laborers roman businessmen large scale buying selling goods
king louis xvi france faced problems treasury empty bring france bankruptcy king decided call french parliament parliament called estates general met early desperate move king try find troubles france confusion select members parliament books records consulted find parliament finally met consisted members groups estates estate churchmen representatives vote estate nobles representatives vote estates percent population france votes estates general estate represented ninety percent population representatives vote meeting estate met separately agreed cast single vote estates agreed general meeting votes defeat estate single vote percent population able outvote ninety percent population situation eventually led trouble meantime excitement france elected representatives peasants city workers bourgeoisie educated saw chance bring democracy france resolutions petitions protest drawn meetings hundreds cities towns villages
europe underwent renaissance rise trade commerce produced age discovery helped change things ways working living thinking changed europe england led rise strong parliament turn resulted turning absolute monarchy limited monarchy france french monarchy limited parliament sort parliament france called estates general met early france faced problems king ruled absolute monarch power censor speeches newspapers arrest criticized allowed subjects civil liberties tax system unfair nobles paid taxes peasants middle class bourgeoisie carried tax burden addition special tariffs rules business expanding hurt middle class france deeply resented unfair taxes extravagant spending king court bourgeoisie argued government interference business french thinkers started revolution ideas called enlightenment writings voltaire rousseau argued human rights freedom argued type government serve important group enlightenment encyclopedists led diderot encyclopedia writers examined ideas business government law influenced adopt ideas subjects king france louis xvi faced crisis treasury empty
african slave trade brought rich profits european slave dealers millions africans seized slave traders slaves shipped europe asia slavery existed africans slavery practiced africa profit slaves treated servants members family cases slaves freed serving number slavery americas plantation owners cuba west indies north south america regarded slaves human slaves forced give families language religious beliefs dignity britain profited slave trade home antislavery movement british courts ruled slavery forbidden britain fifteen later antislave trade society founded leadership william wilberforce movement helped convince parliament slave trade illegal slave trade illegal united states dutch outlawed slave trade fight reformers end slavery wilberforce thomas buxton george thompson francis jackson led movement britain greatly aided free black parts protests helped win abolition slavery british colonies mexico central south america ended slavery slaves continued expand united states american antislave societies founded free black prince hall james forten veterans revolutionary war
nationalism forces today force europe early germany divided small kingdoms germans dreamed single united nation hoped form nation ruler set laws napoleon conquered parts germany found kingdom laws money ruler difficult napoleon rule germany kingdoms scattered solved problem combining meaning napoleon helped germany step unity defeat napoleon led end system government idea unity remained germany congress vienna german confederation formed thirty german states confederation austria leader confederation later prussia strongest army efficient government took leadership german states idea uniting germany popular germans saw nations uniting german writers began write favor single nation german speaking culture live land unite strong single nation ruler german states led prussia organized customs union zollverein idea customs union remove taxes goods transported german states meant products part germany shipped free taxes german area
word imperialism comes latin word means command empire imperialism existed ancient times ancient greece athens tried rule neighbors ancient rome strong imperialist nation ruled europe recently countries ruled foreign nations especially true asia africa south america today areas controlled degree foreign nations strong imperialist nations wealth resources weaker lands gain wealth power imperialist nation annex neighboring country part territory distant land colony imperialistic nation european nations took control parts africa set colonies european officials ruled colonies africans real voice lands governed imperialist nation direct control country government parts asia european nations allowed local governments stay control governments forced follow economic trade policies benefited europeans policies nations practice imperialism number reasons nations want resources country coal iron ore precious metals minerals nations want control anothers country farm lands crops want markets manufactured goods country control markets forbidding colony trade mother country controls england influence american revolution
industrialism imperialism powerful countries looked raw materials markets support industries india china middle east africa european contacts africa earlier involved slave trade trade brought profits europeans left africa weak disunited slave trade generally died europeans developed interests africa europeans explored africa interior areas end africa fairly explored attracted attention imperialist nations british cape colony south africa dutch dutch settlers called boers left cape area moved inland avoid british rule boers soon war zulus warrior tribe zulus led greatness earlier famous chief named chaka controlled land south africa zulus fought fiercely lands courage match boer firearms gradually forced south africa boers established farmers area british pushing areas africa end controlled nations sudan nigeria ghana kenya uganda british war foes boers boers set transvaal republic south africa interior british interest increased gold diamonds found transvaal british moved territory led war boers
end war ii brought victory chinese republic defeat japan allies meant end japanese occupation china chinese fought japanese aggression war ended china free invading forces chinese resisting japanese discontinued civil war war raged chiang nationalists communists led mao tung nationalists communists joined loose alliance fight japanese war china allies agreed terminate system imperialism china complete unity nationalists communists china side trusted fighting japan chinese communists grew steadily stronger end war seized large supplies munitions war goods manchuria soviet forces entered manchuria japan surrendered turned captured japanese war supplies chinese communists united states gave hundreds millions dollars worth war goods chinese nationalists soon end war japan civil war china broke mao tung communist forces things favor won wide support chinese equipped modern arms ammunitions united dedication nationalist army improved fighting ability nationalist officials quarreled graft inefficiency widespread government government blamed terrible inflation wrecking chinese economic nationalists winning civil war communists gained upper hand
africa control imperialist nations nationalist spirit swept africa end war ii strong desire independence developed africans nationalist feelings independence movements grown strong colonial areas war young educated africans formed political groups independence european control tens thousands africans served allied armies war joined independence movements wanted freedom offered lives battle aiding movements united nations colonial express desires entire african independence achieved peaceful violent means cases violence result efforts imperialist countries crush african nationalist movements today areas africa independent british lost colonies war ii africa exception sudan area dominated british gained independence northern rhodesia independent nation zambia nyasaland emerged republic malawi gold coast independent nation ghana tanganyika zanzibar won independence joined form nation tanzania nigeria gained independence violence marked nationalist movement kenya african group known held responsible violent actions africans british jomo kenyatta leader nationalist movement kenya jailed charges aiding violence flared british finally released kenyatta
end war ii left problems factories railroads mines blasted bombs cities destroyed millions faced threat disease starvation twenty million died actual warfare nazi concentration camps thirty million wounded millions displaced persons home country return governments germany japan allies overturned frightening weapon invented atomic bomb entire wondered destructive war history problem germany murdered innocent concentration camps nazi leaders tried crimes humanity executed imprisoned agreement allied armies divided germany zones occupation britain france united states soviet union controlled zone arrangement british french americans charged soviets helped bring communist takeovers eastern european countries countries satellites soviet union started cold war russia west united states cold war fought propaganda economic political pressures united states soviet union built huge stockpiles atomic weapons weapons cold war conflicts led small scale wars end war ii important occurred include chinese communist forces nationalist forces led chiang renewed civil war
jean turned tv sofa cindy friend sitting cindy face looked sad jean big smile face don love movies hospitals jean asked death health sickness goes important boring want hospital tv show cindy movie real hospital saw pretty things drama didn ugly things bed wetting feed yell cindy felt scared didn want jean hospitals jean jean busy cindy cindy hated hospitals knew watching die wasn pretty remember uncle died cindy asked jean bad heart took die visit week hate sickness smells bad uncle died ago loved special friends place cried died want hospital hate jean jean don answer short sweet jean wanted hospital job liked hospitals older sister pam sick
glad called jones yes need volunteers jean sitting jones office hospital office jean thought small maybe jones wasn important didn matter jones jones asked question jean worked looked kind nice stiff jean try hard matter matters want jones looked jean looked young knew lots learn tell try hard hospital young workers didn quit hard jones started lots young hospital knew expect try hard jean promise took care older sister sick jean didn want lose chance ok jones think fine closet opened door looked jean pulled jacket uniform jones think fit pay free lunch re tell hours show real job
jean jones hall front door hospital jones spoke walked ground floor place re sick emergency room clinics admitting office ray room hall doctors need rays fast emergency won basement wash sheets towels gowns supply room let floor jones walked elevators door elevator opened jean looked biggest elevator seen wondered big jean turned saw white uniform wheeled patient elevator patient small bed wheels nurse pushed wheelchair elevator wheelchair empty jones led jean elevator pushed button floor elevator walked hall lunchroom jones offices offices office sends bills favorite medical records charts patient chart jones
ben happy chair let ben bed marie sheets linen cart beds marie put bottom sheet tuck top part draw sheet small fold half put sideways bed tuck sides comes top sheet marie tuck bottom took bottom sheets tucked end bed reached side end held ends sheets hold part fold part top fold folded fan marie side end looked jean stood think jean marie asked think jean marie don mrs hall bed messy bed room ray bed beds room marie left jean jean mrs hall bed marie neater jean finishing marie food marie let start murphy room
marie later let break aides breaks started walk locker room tables chairs re job jean marie murphy head nurse soon wait jean pleased tired sure hard morning marie told pick food trays rooms walk patients bathroom mark pained look spread jean face mean asked doctors goes marie write basin marks marks tell cc mark chart end bed show later don worry bad marie list things feed lunch give mail talk families things marie smiled wake jean smiled going learn lot west sure marie opened locker room door
john found pete school gym hey pete john called principle wants office pete looked friend pete asked mad wrong don mean think wants john laughed knows maybe wants help fat chance pete started walking later john pete called headed principle office clerk sitting desk office hall pete asked clerk pete macks yes clerk waiting hall stood pete walked hello pete hall shook pete hand want talk seat pete sat wondered hall began talk pretty lately pete hall re shop teacher says shop lot true pete felt wrong couldn tell yes slowly shop ok don books tools working hands pete stopped maybe waited hall speak hall looked pete pete graduate hall knew pete wouldn ago pete started going wild crowd hall watched pete downhill
school pete company parked motorcycle parking lot big sign front lot read air chem parts planes pete main door guard sitting desk inside door woman looked pete walked help asked pete macks pete spencer summer job ok guard pointed chairs room seat call spencer pete sat waited wasn walked pete asked pete nodded stood brad spencer shook pete hand hall called earlier wnat summer job program think pete machinist think job pete didn want job couldn say spencer job hard worker spencer boring hope won mind start lot things interesting lot learn pete program starts june spencer end august pay minimum wage
carlo smiled shook pete hand welcome pete need help lot small parts machines machines factory factory makes parts planes step important pete tell carlo liked maybe summer wouldn bad carlo lot machinists skills mahcine machines machine tool operators machine setup workers learn start carlo looked watch closing sure need helper pete re glad weeks carlo big shop room spencer walked pete lot quieter front door ok pete spencer june form hour lunch bring lunch place close buy clothes thanks spencer pete pete walked parking lot bad thought learn won read dumb books paid
listen pete carlo took deep breath lot left learn classes learn math machines set math fractions decimals carlo looked looked pete read blueprints carlo stopped pete knew trouble blueprints thought maybe fake lot school maybe carlo asked softly don think pete showed blueprint week hard reading words top hard pete face re worker learn read machinists read things read machines read tools carlo stopped maybe didn want hurt pete feelings didn wantpete give job pete took hard face turned red couldn read didn think knew carlo knew pete room turned ok carlo pete catch later carlo watched pete leave boy carlo thought hope handled pete felt quitting
pete joe machinist named dottie took lunch liked worked hard helped lot joe spoke lunch pete liked joe ask heart wasn job end missing didn operating machines pete didn say sat want joe talking takes learn comes slowly learn learn learning thing move trade pete say couldn sit carlo couldn read read learn job don reading learn set machines watching dottie spoke learn things watching learn things learn books things want machinist background books need shop read shop places learn pete
mrs gomez stood living room looked daughter rosa lying floor feet sofa headphones listening rock music mrs gomez didn listen rosa mrs gomez called let shopping brother birthday present rosa didn hear mother mrs gomez tried rosa yelled turn thing let rosa looked mother took headphones ok mama rosa happy mrs gomez find shoes purse meet car mrs gomez front door rosa loved shopping thing wanted shopping mother mother rushed stores rosa liked friends spend hours looking things rosa mother drove shopping mall big place mall shops looked movie white didn windows hundreds cars parked rosa loved looking nice things enjoyed looking hated money cost walked inside mall lots stores big department stores
sorry rosa didn felt pretty stupid harm maybe help find section sure rosa pointed side store side door past suitcases pretty nice things friends checked rosa glad help thanked walked rosa mother took escalator downstairs found toy department rosa looked found computer games guess find let find fast mrs gomez didn shopping things looked computer games rosa played found liked mother bought left rosa led mother upstairs door car climbed mrs gomez started car road mrs gomez looked daughter rosa looked sad matter honey mrs gomez asked rosa looked window mrs gomez don close tell matter mrs gomez children talk
woodward opened rosa personnel office knew floor seen looking bathroom woman desk office rosa hello rosa rosa gomez apply job salesclerk christmas rush rosa heart pounding ok woman fill application touch need woman smiled nice job rosa think chance getting lose asking woman hire sales chance trying honest rosa looked sorry asked fill form anyway picked application started walk corner counter walked tags salesclerks stopped stared rosa minute started stopped walked rosa excuse yesterday rosa looked mean yes wasn office
junior sportswear rosa heard carol calling counter customer carol closing sale rosa counter rosa carol handed customer bag customer left store manager carol rosa stay minute watch counter anne dressing rooms helping call sale ok rosa carol left rosa looked cash register maybe soon rosa thought learn rosa turned teenager leaving dressing room big bag shirt hanging tags shirt rosa froze friend diane caught shoplifting father beat wife talked maybe rosa turn shirt teenager walking rosa rosa reached hand put teenager arm young woman stopped strong voice rosa excuse forget pay teenager face white mean asked looked saw salesclerk walking
rosa didn say told truth try hide trouble told anne story anne shook head rosa side rip store store side store called security guards left store gotten office police called parents learn lesson rosa didn say word looked dresses carol going carol asked looked salesclerks taking break anne started open mouth shut looked rosa rosa looked sad anne heart rosa wrong anne telling rosa gossip rosa let customers woman tried nice suit wanted buy skirt small wasn bigger racks rosa learned call size call woodward stores found skirt call woman happy thanked rosa going
alarm clock buzzed morning lynn beck opened eyes turned alarm closed eyes fell sleep wake lynn heard husband yelling lynn opened eyes heard jack kitchen making coffee coffee loved coffee lynn couldn care coffee sick ok jack lynn called rolled bed getting late lynn headed shower shower lynn thought job local truck driver worked delivery service lynn liked driving truck felt hated getting early couldn lynn dressed walked kitchen jack nearly toast lynn couldn face food early morning jack looked lynn walked late tonight jack asked glad lynn worked didn overtime wanted tired cooking night lynn turn turn lynn looked husband loved jack sorry company short drivers
give news davis hired ten drivers start monday drivers clapped hands waiting overworked bad news stopped clapping waited bad news bad davis drivers trained driver week let driver week working overtime weeks normal let lynn judy started walking judy looked lynn don look mad lynn judy weeks look upset bad judy didn mind overtime fact liked needed money lynn wanted spend jack lynn looked friend smiled guess live lynn laughed local parcel service big delivery firm drivers took parcels stores offices homes lot delivering mail local parcel private company trucks lined warehouse row backs trucks open boxes piled truck night shift workers put
lynn loved driving early morning air crisp opened windows felt cool breeze face liked job loved outdoors loved move sitting desk lynn didn jack stand lynn active maybe someday jack move country buy horse dream lynn heard horns honking red lights flashing ahead accident lynn loud talked driving quickly turned road pulled side street save soon lynn pulled apartment building address list large box truck took stairs floor knocked door marked voice spoke door yes voice asked lynn tell woman voice local parcel lynn called box june mccoy lynn talked loudly woman hear woman voice door re telling truth voice shaky woman scared lynn knew handle ok
lynn don office large lot sitting desks lynn left dolly inside door lifted box dolly heavy lynn looked nearest person young woman sitting feet writing lynn walked stood front woman desk sign box lynn asked box sure heavy woman looked lynn don boxes woman looked desk writing lynn stood rude lynn thought ok lynn quietly tell sign woman put pen pointed desk room ask woman box getting heavier lynn carried told lynn office lynn looked don headed don walked lynn took box set desk minute told lynn pulled list looked lynn boxes lynn looked sheet showed box office
don happen lot mean don scared lynn don things nice things places route christmas gifts route hear don don think yelling drove blocks street stop office building lynn checked list don unloaded boxes lifted dolly rest quickly boxes delivered lynn don warehouse check lynn looked judy truck wasn guess catch bus home lynn thought handed sheet signed showed don check locker rooms changed met warehouse today don lynn catch things quickly don mind busy streets downtown don don smiled sure friends kind place give quiet streets lynn walked big doors tomorrow don lynn watched don walk car
march cold wind blew street jeff walked quickly stay warm early saturday morning didn want sit house tv noisy gold truck parked street jeff saw jeff read sign side truck sam gold plumber jeff sort liked gold walked hi gold jeff making call yes gold mrs plumbing problems wanted thing morning front apartment house jeff looked building looked gold watch asked watched gold times jeff liked watching sure watch jeff gold mays live floor gold started stairs moved slowly took step hard catching breath getting gold thought flights ten steps stopped sat rest jeff ran meet picked gold toolbox let tools things jeff look pretty heavy thanks jeff gold
jeff bucket pipe wrench brought upstairs gold lying sink mrs cleared shelf jeff handed gold bucket gold shut water sink didn want water pour looked clean plug shaped pipe clean plug apartments gold wrong bucket sink picked pipe wrench took shaped pipe water gushed bucket half full jeff knees watching fixed yelled maybe gold water sink stopped pipe going wall clogged gold took plumber snake shoved pipe sink turned times jeff heard move gold pulled snake greasy glob stuff end looked bad jeff leave room couldn look mess stayed doorway gold put glob trash jeff watched put pipes gold cleaned gold kitchen mrs sitting couch
going jeff asked hoped going drive liked ride trucks fun father small car re going house gold want talk father ask help today fine jeff quickly let care jeff didn want gold home re gold corner pulled jeff house wait gold ask jeff felt father jeff didn want gold jeff walked house father lying couch beer hand tv dirty shirt shaved days jeff stood minute father looked tv jeff wished mother didn left jeff soda truck fine dad gold offered gold soda thanks gold mike coffee shop green street toilet stopped jeff knew place mother kid drove
gold handed jeff measuring tape jeff measure length pipe took cut piece size exact sure jeff measured broken piece pipe cut pipe gold checked length jeff sanded ends pipe needed break sat gold took soldering torch gloves solder pipe place jeff put gloves hold pipes gold painted pipe edges flux clean put safety glasses lit torch picked solder carefully soldered pipes couldn holes took learn solder jeff gold looked jeff test gold pointed valve feet valve jeff open bit let cold water say stop close don need flood jeff valve turned valve knob opened hear water going pipe gold watched soldered places
week jeff thought job looking forward saturday tuesday talked shop teacher jeff going sign shop classes fall saturday morning jeff stood front house warmer week jeff didn mind waiting gold shown jeff didn mad gold forgotten maybe wrong jeff house looked gold phone book found number dialed woman answered hello jeff gold woman mrs gold jeff ramos asked jeff yes mrs gold husband wanted call couldn find number sick hospital heart trouble doctors say ok stay bed weeks needs lot rest jeff stunned sorry maybe mrs gold jeff shouldn won give keeps alive help jeff weekends maybe summer sure jeff planning ask gold call home
rita grabbed mark sleeve wait minute dumbest thing heard lots beauty operators mark give chance try rita let mark sleeve say stood mark stared rita didn move hour passed ok win mark talk wait pizza place means don won able spend saturdays working mark turned quickly walked beauty shop opened door shop stood inside door mark saw owner working woman hair looked mark need mark asked owner sure mark need job hands try let won rip count walked mark looked mark sure give chance held hand sid sid taylor mark shook hands sid mark nelson
mark shop sharp sid working books looked mark hi mark sid re show put jacket meet operators show wash hair customer waited wash hair fine mark ready start sid took mark shop operators drinking coffee smiled mark smiled woman joyce sid bob mark nelson hello mark sid worked re re mark watch give woman shampoo mark watched sid sid put towel woman neck wrapped cape tilted chair head hung sink sid turned water sure wasn hot washed rinsed woman hair sid put conditioner rinsed woman hair helped woman sit felt wash hair mark wondered true ask rita later
mark sid careful splash water mrs west mrs west talked mark husband hospital wanted spend mark felt sorry washed hair care led mrs west joyce chair joyce combed mrs west hair woman wanted look photo mark saw photo thought mrs west crazy hair look joyce going try mrs west joyce hair model look fine joyce mrs west mark watched cut woman hair joyce set hair big blue curlers net joyce took mrs west dryer set dryer half hour handed mrs west magazine joyce mark minutes mark joyce show clean combs brushes sink joyce showed mark mix cleaning solution put combs brushes solution rollers cleaned joyce mark thought joyce nice warm person
sun office window room cold fred cooke desk window draft blew desk fred stood looked partner cold fred going walk maybe warm morning rounds later jack jack looked fine took sip coffee eye front door fred walked office looked hall adult school looked classrooms fred felt students school matter teens wanted education wanted lives fred liked working school security guard ago hired school worked guard agency agency lots jobs fred gotten tired moving wanted place school agency called special events extra money fred thought school job problems boring fred walking hall
months ago jack nearly killed trying break drug deal kid pulled knife luckily guard saw knife knocked kid hand jack seen knife dead wouldn known happened fred desk sat looked jack maybe concert fred knew jack thinking concert jack told fred safer count money guards need jack big rock groups draw wild crowds beer drinking crowds drug crowds scene hate concerts fred looked jack knew jack scared worked fred look jack look bad night jack hate crowds fred thought minute idea say jack fred nephew help sonny working part works warehouse looking big strong thinks guard sure love concert
afternoon fred nephew guard agency older desk hello young sonny cooke uncle fred cooke says need guards concert rock concert saturday night sign looked sonny kid looked young sonny asked sonny part warehouse strong steady worker sonny wasn sure say stopped older sat chair sounds guard card applied sonny office give took course month showed search detain arrest took fingerprints re going check record check high school waiting sure won problem nodded uncle called says re trust sure won problems anyway guard card thing re trying states don require guess thing sure hire sure person record
monday sonny fred stood office jack sat chair sonny uniform radio nightstick look sharp sonny asked fred yeah look pretty fred looked jack jack rolled eyes fred looked sonny don let head head big sonny head shot mean asked fred smiled kidding walked door handsome let morning rounds walked hall teacher hi fred open copy room door forgot key sure lisa fred problem fred opened door woman sonny hall lounge fred toilet room ran find janitor class waiting sure fred called thanks nice guy sonny want dirty huh part job fred called jack radio listen jack fred call janitor toilet room ran ok sonny heard jack say sonny thought big deal
school yelled van janitor opened door sonny nodded head door open fred turned hall maybe fred looked maybe guys don look put finger wrong fred radio buzzed fred checked door jack janitor didn open big open van backed door fred looked sonny spoke quietly radio jack coming stairs re carrying typewriters head stairs wait bottom top fred sonny took hall top stairs landing stop sonny yelled looked saw happening dropped typewriters crash loud ran rest stairs jack waiting bottom tried stop happened quickly knocked jack ran door typewriters slowed fred sonny ran jack picking van pulled fred sonny door tires screaming
sweat rolled larry face hot thursday porches weekend promised owner carpenters word didn business larry simms carpenter ten carpentry friends gotten wanted wanted real business known start met liz real liz school learn carpentry carpenter learned lot books larry wouldn caught dead book hands learned things liz asked larry business larry dreams true started business ago part working lot jobs bid paying bills summer hire helper larry called friend bev son named tim kid making things start afternoon lot left porches tim big help lunch larry saw tim coming sidewalk hey tim larry called
larry changed subject ok let started porch tim looked larry looks tim meant loved larry yes larry carpenter artist beautiful things wood tim wanted larry learn lot larry today re putting handrails larry porch sides stairs fit custom job owner wants look nice job tim asked eager started wanted liz feel bother tim didn want knew worker needed chance larry lot tim help hands larry fours tim re side house tim told brought boards front house larry line sawhorses cut boards cut inches larry took measuring tape measured boards pulled pencil pocket
larry tim worked rest afternoon finished building handrails front porch tim stood look look pleased tim larry let clean mess drive home start early tomorrow porches weekend larry picked tim drove larry quiet tim sat truck watched road didn talk didn say word site ok tim larry let front porch needs sanded put stain larry sander truck showed tim put sandpaper plugged sander extension cord cord ran house want sand porch larry give stain larry handed tim sander quickly tim knelt started sand corner floor larry stood minute watched tim job re fine tim larry working porch need
larry tim truck tim brought oak boards inches wide larry showed tim measure boards add saw blade larry cut boards table saw glue boards larry counter inches deep larry picked board put wood glue edge thing board pressed glued edges put boards vise squeezed boards vise tool holds boards tightly larry pressed dry let dry weekend let piece counter goes sink cut small corner larry showed tim jigsaw tim cut corner larry started show tim big sander tim cut larry tim remember sanded porch yes larry careful counters smoother floorboards rough sandpaper piece finish smooth sandpaper sure larry let tim sanding larry tim spent making counters
joan sat bench gym took sweater getting hot games drew fans joan coming games brother basketball team joan loved games didn care won lost loved spent drawing joan took sketchbook games drew pictures basketball court drew players coaches drew parents fans fans joan felt liked crowd joan felt eyes watched turned older sitting looking shoulder looking joan asked angry voice didn watched sorry didn mean rude looking sketches details put re stopped talking joan didn say began talk scott hayes drafter allen company bush street love draw don coming draw idea thought watch action
sounds neat joan yes hayes problems job kinds problems asked joan re important thought minute idea say joan hayes re looking job joan nodded opening re looking tracer small drawings trace plans learn blueprints think job joan mouth fell open couldn believe ears love stopped crazy basketball game didn find jobs basketball games looked hayes wait minute joan real course hayes guy job quit moving town glad big mouth college wouldn orders thought knew looked joan level joan job pays hour start half hour lunch want give try joan looked court dream thought says real
yes ms turner scott coming drafting room pointed door open door scott thank joan took deep breath joanie thought door joan saw scott talking joan didn break scott turned saw joan called joan walked group glad re scott shook joan hand thought maybe wouldn kidding joan asked thought forget scott need joan looked don asked smiled nodded heads scott joan turner young artist told need help getting started teach routine sure scott looked joan joan meet marge bill joan shook hands scott spoke marge don show joan allen hour scott picked blueprints left marge led joan corner room table marge hope don mind working corner
drawings joan asked floor plans marge bill flu sally york drawings detailed drawings architects sketches architect shows drawings clients clients drawings buy plans joan marge bill sally drawings designs sketched drafter detailed drawing sketch allen look house pick drawing likes marge handed joan sketch sketches marge give try joan marge table joan looked sketch pretty house joan worked floor plans drawn house wasn sure won hurt try joan thought joan cleared table drawing picture house hard size look real drawing look photo joan worked drawing clock table saw drafters drawings joan joan didn want drawing rolled put drawer
morning joan scott office morning scott talk sure joan scott sit matter look blue morning joan sat scott yes joan night scott things want tried hard months don learning slowly maybe hire college student training joan thinking hard say felt scott didn say word looked joan picked pencil played started talking re fine joan scott telling truth don think expecting re young lot talent working simple plans maybe want soon joan stood paced floor want lot scott tired feeling stupid drawing allen looks silly drafters drawings drawing look real training haven give help need learn things
kim dave walked movie house didn movie kim dull knew end knew wife die end couldn gotten dave stopped turned kim didn think movie bad kind liked agree dave kim dating need dave started walking dave mad kim changed agree anymore wanted agree dave say kim need didn job data computers wouldn gotten kim job maybe told mrs ryan think job told asked give chance didn hire friend hired believed dave admit kim wasn telling story dave looked kim wouldn chance worked knew mrs ryan job opening told talk dave wanted credit
gary waited mrs ryan kim heard let deep breath gary looked kim ok kim station bench put things bench kim told scared say word didn matter gary didn want say gary started telling kim re person line table rollers line stan send computer line computer moves rollers install pc boards pc stands printed circuit kim nodded head gary computer line put workbench gary picked computer line set kim bench telling kim pc board box clip computer pc board box clip pc board box clip kim getting waiting hard part yes ok gary picked tool screws lying kim bench
gary turned kim turn help quickly look computers waiting kim looked line yes computers sitting gary moved kim jumped place line picked computer gary watched kim put boards computers gary kim think fine let problems hear bell lunchtime lunchroom main entrance later gary left kim looked line computer sitting moving grabbed waiting waste kim worked hard morning pretty slow soon caught line didn look computers coming heard bell ring lunch kim saw head lunchroom brought lunch dave told bring picked lunchroom big noisy food machines wall buy food drink wanted machines kim looked dave finally saw
kim wanted job pat pat worked wanted job kim knew wouldn apply kim asked dave meet evening told job opening seen notice dave kim asked apply job want won hurts try pat mad apply dave sure want ahead don step toes pat live kim heard dave knew didn agree friends important didn want throw kim won apply job point point want dave true kim kim didn apply job pat pat longest weeks passed heard job woman started working inspector turned woman friend mrs ryan pat mad didn want say
pat looked mrs ryan stood walked stood front woman room silent mrs ryan post inspector job pat asked nice tone voice going give job friend kim stunned didn think pat quickly kim knew fast pat fired kim walked women mrs ryan kim say kim didn wait answer want chance move give mrs ryan looked kim eye don young lady mrs ryan left started talking saying kinds things wanted quit union union mrs ryan fair woman mrs ryan office change bell rang night kim thought maybe lost chance moving data computers maybe quit able find job able training program dave gotten
read reasons read information subject learn guide automobile tuneups tells adjust carburetor sports column tells happened quarters bowl game history book show lived ages case reading information decide read kind material promises tell subject interests learn read stories plays poems science fiction story tell future western show century ago read literature extra learn reading favorite kind literature trying need special reading skills reading straight factual material special skills read stories plays poems slowly kinds material author chooses words carefully create mood image reader important attend language author mean read word word read slowly allow words create effect aware author put story writer story elements plot character conflict setting theme
energy greatest needs realized discovery fire hundred ago energy needs care muscle power humans animals demands energy increased harness energy stored wood wind water inventions industry technology advanced need fuel coal oil gas satisfied need supply fuels took nature million nearly fast energy shortage presents real problem unsolved say sun energy sun solar energy sunshine free need maintenance transported non polluting problem unfortunately solar energy diluted moves earth atmosphere means weak areas receive small amounts sun solar energy impractical storing solar energy converting electricity pose problems remain unsolved mean forget direct solar energy source power
making budget steps planning successful home study schedule evenings weekends set view television engage forms recreation set definite periods study sure live schedule give study full amount allotted study comes room quiet don try study room television running talking quiet room start studying working home school decide plan studying chapter tackle general plan working material facts understood recalled read title chapter find subjects discussed preview chapter preview things study maps graphs pictures chapter read paragraphs discover pattern writing read paragraphs summary chapter mind read boldface italic headings carefully think outline chapter read sentences heading sure understand heading means examine exercises supposed end chapter set purpose reading chapter
deep sea divers brave dangers ocean depths repair ships build tunnels piers study underwater enjoy underwater diving sport search bottom ocean valuable pearls sponges greatest danger deep sea diver water pressure pressure diver lungs severe damage body mathematics article explains pressure increases water read graph understand purpose works find sentence phrase article tells purpose graph phrases shown graph graph help understand graph understanding graph works takes look graph figure article line graph notice numbers bottom side stand types information notice labels tell types information numbers stand sets information related explained article heavy line inside graph shows relationship pick point line find numbers located directly directly side point numbers related special illustrated graph read graph article direct variation study numbers labels
southern tip mindanao island philippines unexplored areas left earth rugged land razorback ridges deep narrow valleys square miles square kilometers thick rain forest rising tiers feet meters high forest warm humid tangle palms vines orchids ferns brilliantly colored butterflies giant hanging plants grow overhead mid air daytime dusk beneath thick canopy air glows lemon green scattered shafts sunlight arrowing forest floor high steep rocky face narrow valleys series caves small waterfall splashes caves clear stream tumbles valley floor home tasaday stone age living space age ride machine meet tasaday stone tools fire help survive tasaday beetle hulking cave dwellers carrying giant clubs medium build light brown skin black hair move forest grace athletes dancers spring slippery clay sides steep ridges young teenager lobo walk smooth branchless palm tree easily climb stairs older strong child hip
science books find material tells scientists attempt solve problems kind material found article give practice problem solving follow suggested steps read article step identify problems scan entire selection find soon locate problems write paper cases won need write entire sentence group words problem read article carefully find scientists solved problem begin read article carefully won able read science material fast read story improve speed write beginning ending times read government trying save forests aid effort scientists called help solve problems article tell problems scientists solving scientists working major problems threaten forests danger posed fire scientists forest range experimental stations studied problem fire studies resulted helpful solutions lookout stations airplanes spot fires damage experts dispatched scenes small fires radio messages
decisions job money safety rights surroundings book tell important facts areas facts knowledge help decision stories articles printed groups sentences called paragraphs written story sentences paragraph tell thing called main idea topic paragraph read paragraph ask reread read sentences writer states topic beginning end look sentences fit picture decide thought carries paragraph main idea objective lesson learn find main idea paragraph directions read paragraph follow directions find main idea medicare medicaid help pay medical bills money federal government medicare insurance program run social security office pays medical bills welfare office runs medicaid program pays medical bills eligible local taxes help pay medicaid main idea stated sentence paragraph sentence main idea read paragraph follow steps find main idea trouble getting sleep night insomnia helped follow simple suggestions
fortunate freedom speech wish talk fellow citizens able explain ideals obtain valuable practice speaking classroom talk things things happened present let decide talk experiences task select subject picnics parties especially motion picture unusual happen occasions pleasing decide talk birthday party limit subject broad pick thing took place birthday party tell class played interesting game party topic tell class forget listen courteously students talk class show appreciation efforts interested talks courtesy attention indication gratitude speaker shared selfish story tell story briefly turn plan talks class hesitate wonder comes
heroes found profession nation poet langston hughes authentic american hero verse stories plays hughes captured spirit common hughes express let readers silent millions thought felt works humorous matter approach took hughes knew language learn language study able tell think feel language leaders builders study language preparing challenge person tell experiences chapter learned talk thing chapter ready write experiences learning paragraph put write number closely related sentences topic thing sentences form paragraph sentences paragraph relate topic selected paragraphs short paragraph langston hughes attempt tell thing paragraph tells langston hughes traveled widely trips took europe africa orient
fun chris wading brook farm standing knee deep refreshing water try tiny waves ripples stream play exciting games hold water races huge tree brook pause investigate strange pieces wood small stones find toes want pleasant try wading learned beginning sentence introduces topic paragraph middle sentences tell topic paragraph considered poor ending sentence sentence detail story summing details personal comment personal comment mean sentence expressing writer thinks feels ending sentence connection middle sentences written manner reader regret end paragraph look ending sentences paragraphs read decide sentences tell detail sum paragraph personal comments notice ending sentence model paragraph follows title rain standing front doorway looked wonder magnificent scene
persons study national heroes club jim thorpe voted greatest athlete half twentieth century jim thorpe born sac indian reservation oklahoma attended college carlisle indian school pennsylvania known athlete olympic games held stockholm sweden thorpe won medals jim thorpe sports traveled country speaking fellow indians clear voice persuasive manner brought attention problems indians united states jim thorpe realized importance communication skills order citizens learn speak listen write intelligently english writer john ruskin wrote paragraph ten times satisfied read story poem think author wrote perfectly wrote model writers wrote sentences learn polish paragraphs wish enjoy paragraphs write camera pictures focus focus blurred distinctly fine details lost sentences pictures camera
apply paragraphs learned polishing words sentences read paragraph student wrote polished bang gun boats shot forward boats left sprays boats glided waters faster faster sister boat number passed finish line cheered proud sister received trophy bang gun forward shot boats sleek glistening crafts left sparkling sprays faster faster glided silvery waters enthusiasm cheering crowd reached peak number sister boat passed finish line proud receive trophy observe student polishing paragraph sentences combined colorful words added sentence word place boats order words fourth sentence changed silvery added sentence improved adding words enthusiasm cheering crowd reached peak sentence changed exclamatory sentence add force ending paragraphs exercise follows rewritten improved read paragraphs carefully ready tell paragraphs title paragraph george washington broad general
read poem wish general rules help studying poems meet read poem carefully times meaning clear picture scene scenes try capture feeling poem terror fear happiness change feeling poem columbus consult dictionary meanings unfamiliar words poem context clues assistance prepared tell story poem words crew santa maria free order cheer loneliness hours sea sailors speak told stories experiences voyages frightened companions thought talk things danger threatened moment columbus voyage took place ago talks give pleasure today sailor storyteller learn tell experiences pleasing interesting things shared greater fun things remember speak class easiest kind talk called class simple announcement
paragraph group closely related sentences developing topic writers express clear orderly manner learned paragraph tell topic falling leaves ushers season autumn observe nature sky blue white squadrons clouds sailing flocks birds wing southward squirrels scamper bare tree trunks storing food winter months late flowers asters goldenrod dahlias blooming soon jack frost nip buds perish mother nature certainly busy season paragraph writer tells thing nature autumn sentence paragraph helps build thought nature busy season seen paragraph written thing let paragraph study parts beginning sentence attracts attention idea follow middle sentence sentences develop thought sentence ending sentence tells thing happened sums written middle sentences hobbies varied interesting pursue intellectually inclined reading fiction biography poetry athletic individuals jog swim play number sports
middle sentences develop thought beginning sentence carries story forward reach end note middle sentences develop thought beginning sentence paragraph arts crafts harold rugg louise krueger egypt depend papyrus plant young shoots eaten juice drink weavers learned twist fibers kind cloth shoemakers shoes bark boatmakers tied bundles small canoes large boats stems utensils house paper wonder egyptians valued papyrus highly paragraph middle sentences develop thought egypt depended papyrus plant tell plant looked grown kind topic explain plant supplied things needed writers sentence paragraph relates topic sentence paragraph topic misfit belong fit sentences read paragraph note sentence interrupts thought tell sentence misfit jack frost clever artist
learned polish words sentences apply learned paragraphs write help writers improved paragraphs winter bag tricks gust wind north millions snowflakes fell sky covered ground mantle snow trees changed coats fine blanket snow waved wand streams babbling stopped winter pleased picture painted carefully winter magician opened bag tricks blew gust wind north sky tumbled millions tiny snowflakes soon brown earth dressed white velvet waving magic wand turned trees sheeted ghosts silenced voices streams satisfied transformation magician closed sack slipped wrote paragraph student winter bag tricks reading paragraph decided thinking magician waving magic wand polishing paragraph comparison sentence order give clear picture magician opened word sentences improved combining sentences combined
heading letter address writer date written lines line write number house street line city zip code canada city province line zip code follows line date fourth united states date written line heading written slightly center paper inch top sheet letter extremely short heading lowered line written directly heading block form commonly line heading indented letters receive block form letters note carefully position form capitalization punctuation model follows word heading begins capital letter names street city month proper nouns abbreviate street avenue names months write full accepted letter abbreviation chapter punctuation
guard prison shoe shop jimmy valentine busily stitching shoes front office warden handed jimmy pardon signed morning governor jimmy took pardon tired kind served nearly ten months sentence expected stay months longest jimmy valentine friends goes stir worthwhile cut hair valentine warden morning brace re bad fellow heart stop cracking safes live straight jimmy surprise cracked safe laughed warden course let happened springfield job wouldn prove didn pull job fear exposing high society simply case mean jury innocent victims jimmy springfield cronin warden smiling fix clothes unlock morning think advice valentine quarter past morning jimmy stood warden outer office
worked week school mrs richmondi comes hours close worked saturday bit tired today working yesterday morning clock asleep crept house let quiet streets empty car houses quiet nice early morning wear horrible uniform orange white trim job mrs richmondi nice hates bare feet sign door bare feet bd school say word look walking mom dippin donuts today ordered coffee jelly doughnut bunch kids pouring yelling orders thought bd hands sweaty bd doughnut shop today didn recognize wearing funny looking hat big huge red white sneakers sat counter wiped hands sides uniform yes
let hold hand seal waiting trolley car dolly laughed re giving runaround home dolly walked past rose garden lily pool zoo ocean avenue thing saw trolley stalled tracks matter bud fellow look brooklyn pushed crowd animal sitting tracks fellow seal escaped zoo waiting trolley car bright boy believe home held dolly hand re sore wanted sit porch swing awhile dolly home willie re tired need rest blocks anyway home didn feel sleeping read book willie bookcase looked shelf read looked magazines read willie read lettuce tomato sandwich eat looking window waiting car pass wasn york sleep
henry curran big busy successful patience successful build fighter soul tiger worth thousand bucks hour knew worth crime pay bah henry curran law jungle paid henry curran learned nice soft smiles slapped entering large office fast heavy step big fighting shape henry threw hat hook glanced wall clock noted ten minutes twelve seating large chair desk eyes door wait lasted ten seconds frowning thought curran reached pushed red button big desk wrong snapped miss reed worse age creeping paused tall neat steady faced desk eyes showing touch fear curran hired knew sorry curran mind excuse faster speed speed yes curran lolordo phoned curran looked clock tapping angrily desk
walk ordinary travel agency stranger met party told ask ordinary questions vacation hint folder don mention straight wait till brings forget re type look re talking mind midnight party easy believe raw rainy felt fool searching store fronts street number noon west street york walked head bent slanting rain hopeless anyway thought folder charley ewell young guy works bank teller don job don money lived haven friends movies sick meals diners ordinary abilities looks thoughts qualify saw address block office building pushed dirty lobby list acme travel agency copy shop ajax magic supplies
maybe twenty minutes passed small battered bus pulled curb bus dented fenders tires worn tread sort bus ridden shabby tired silent going knows took nearly hours bus south traffic sat wrapped thought stared rain spattered windows watched wet huddled city bus stops saw rap angrily closed doors full buses street saw speeding cab splash dirty water curb saw mouth twist cursed saw hundreds faces smile dozed shiny black highway island slept woke darkness caught glimpse farmhouse bus slowed lurched stopped parked looked barn barn driver walked pulled big sliding door open stood holding filed let stepping inside big door slid closed weight barn smelled cattle inside dirt floor bench unpainted pine driver pointed beam flashlight sit quietly
children actors thing started boy street named walter inflammatory rheumatism called didn school walk fishing creek waterworks pond place pond spring water tumbling dam formed deep pool place big school spring morning wanted walter inflammatory rheumatism sitting fish pole hand able walk legs began hurt school recess began cry teacher sarah suggett schoolhouse yard ache crying worked home limped painfully limping schoolhouse street felt inflammatory rheumatism pretty bad thinking home
effective means communicating sentences sentences formed express thoughts clearly words statements ask questions give commands exclamations understanding sentences read textbook write poem putting sentences difficult want communicate organize ideas complete thoughts study photograph left page details foreground details pick waterline point details background details mention put form subject predicate sentence express complete thought things say snowy mountain peaks tower pines complete thought mentioning pine trees clear blue lake writers express ideas lines rhyme rhymed ideas course form poetry parts idea lines poet creates complete thoughts verse unit read short poems models writing understanding alliteration assonance consonance onomatopoeia enhance language help develop communication skills read conversation tell thinking luis school starts tomorrow
read sentences taking nap backyard suddenly awakened loud whoosh taking nap backyard suddenly awakened loud whoosh combining sentences help writing clear combining sentences show relationships ideas familiar conjunctions shows additional similar idea shows contrast sentence ideas contrasted shows choice semicolon place comma conjunction looked believe eyes combine sentences special group words words especially showing relationships ideas study groups sentences craft vegetable garden wingless knew earth craft vegetable garden wingless knew earth feet looked huge eggplant feet looked huge eggplant run noticed hatch opening run noticed hatch opening sentences groups combined semicolon joining word mark punctuation follows joining word sentences notice sentence joining word word semicolon
read paragraph spite reputation camelot wonderful place live medieval english castles cold dark damp round furniture comfortable king arthur preferred snug lighted homes drafty halls camelot series sentences top page form paragraph notice sentence indented space left margin word paragraph group sentences develop single topic single topic known main idea sentences paragraph relate main idea expand detail sentences sentence paragraph camelot states wonderful place think main idea paragraph detail sentence expands main idea concluding sentence paragraph simply supply detail sum paragraph reader knows written conclusion begin paragraph order present main idea function job concluding sentence camelot paragraph read paragraph main idea city granada rich history capital moorish kingdom granada
magazines source date information magazine information want book help readers guide periodical literature index articles magazines authors subjects articles listed alphabetically hardcover volume readers guide covers addition paperback version published month listings current look sample page readers guide notice main listing capitals author donald jewell subject jewelry underneath main listing articles listed alphabetical order word title study article entitled style wooden jewelry bonwillum information title article tells article written shapiro illustrated appeared magazine issue cover date begins pages issue notice subjects cross listing jewelry designers says jewelers reference means articles subject listed heading listing jewelry includes note brooches goldsmithing jewelers necklaces pearls reference tells additional articles relating subject listed headings books magazines newspapers reference sources information sources
read paragraph chandra wrote millions trees destroyed fire forests united states forest fires careless campers smokers blamed fires heedless start forest fires nature frequent culprit summer lightning striking dry wilderness timberland overwhelming majority forest fires august september trees brush dry thousands fires started summer lightning areas inaccessible public forest rangers spot fires lightning strikes wide area lightning frequent arsonist moist dead leaves substances forest floor generate heat forest fires begin innocent looking pile leaves topic sentence chandra paragraph lesson learned paragraphs explain telling reader paragraph explain explain arrive destination kind explanatory paragraph tells happens expository paragraph give reasons event situation look chandra paragraph event explains reasons forest fires read paragraph happens forest fire raged peaceful woodland certainly unpleasant results
verb sentences kristin taught lonato game curling kristin champion lonato champion someday verb sentences shows action action verb tells subject sentence verbs show action linking verbs link subject words predicate say subject linking verbs intransitive common linking verbs forms verb sentence linking verb connects words kristin champion words verb sentence connect commonly linking verbs include grow look sound smell feel taste linking verbs group action verbs compare sentences kristin curling team appeared ice players appeared ready victory sentence appeared linking verb sentence action verb verb word expresses action linking verb show action connects subject words predicate read sentences scientists performed experiments plants experiments illustrate photosynthesis studying photosynthesis verbs sentences verb consists word verb consists words
heard distant flutter notes banged window shut saw strand moonlight touching fingers hand outspread sill ghostly felt ghost child intention catherine overstayed spring semester dalraida boarding school weeks large wood stone house looked nineteenth century mansions montreal residential neighborhood sherbrooke ste catherine streets didn school seventeen boarding students eleven students left summer vacations flute player street slept night hard days trying look window postman trying listen constantly telephone ring harry ames supposed end school rockport massachusetts lived wife emma catherine going spend weeks mother divorced ames arrived june expected madam soule director school telephoned ames rockport number catherine standing madame heard operator say phone temporarily disconnected
catherine passed closed bedroom doors thought fleetingly students tough emily humble roommate jane emily told knitting angora sweaters emily declared angora disgusting sentimental margo berry shared room girls margo hair falling face clothes students wore perfume wouldn reveal hidden able find despite endless searches top floor catherine cornelia student room thin tall girl named gabrielle wore ratty fur jacket goose high heels damp uncertain voice partly spoke french perfectly spent europe mother appeared school introduced hungarian count unpronounceable girls referred dracula gabrielle school april turned sunburned young looked tennis player hard pleasant gabrielle meek haughty catherine felt reluctantly common students parents behaved predictably unlike gabrielle mother father
catherine room change clothes thing saw windowsill left pile letters mother handed comment arrived felt touch guilt read toronto betty jane rich house write mother windmere today tell fine catherine laughed loud egg trifle overcooked toast promised mouth full honey butter hard sweeping statement mind declare absolutely drive drunk gazing small kitchen window tea strainer hung nail pane squinting differently wanted thinking especially interested adults thinking moment studying father profile trying outguess outwit claimed spoke thoughts feelings wondered kind conversation taking place wordlessly matter talked harriet blacking saying fool protesting trying fool conversations cornelia partly liked
reverend ross picked deviled egg stared closely modest supper rest easy night declared modest lunch left mind clear reflection theories ate snapped food foxes mooned dinners designs forks mashed potatoes church observed snappers threw communion wine rum mooners dreamers sipped fine wine type consumed lord ames looked patient holding sandwich staring egg reverend continued hold outstretched palm think bit cheese ross admire restraint ames restraint fear indigestion reverend answered coolly father stuffed sandwich mouth reverend continued sermon feeding habits taking bits cheese ames offered coffee thermos observed coffee ames lit cigarette reverend ross shook head rolled eyes heavens walked edge stream turning catherine father ames clumsily catherine observed intruded minister water rush words catherine heard praising ross casting technique
minute woman commandingly mind terribly saying word mother visitors anymore reverend ross stops stop forever gabbing food eat tiresome secret glutton believe fortunately mother deaf delighted ames smiling woman waited answer smile lamp marching hall room stuffed objects left potbellied stove glowed giant ember front sitting huge collapsed chair looked elephant kneeling ancient woman eyes closed mother shouted woman states say evening lady opened eye doll sticky works ames pushed cardboard boxes stood front bowed deeply loud voice delighted meet fell dark glow stove light lamp visitor trapped junk able escape room catherine felt violent surge laughter clenched jaw sweat dripped forehead father unable straighten
sat suddenly kitchen table banged knee table leg exclaimed ouch making pained face didn believe ouch coming saw listen interrupted don junk language coming grunt ape locutions don means feeling satisfaction angry look gruffly replied laughed suddenly disconcerted grudgingly flirting case untrue think father past things think flirting legal young beautiful straight flirt guillotine going walk walk sternly leave drive grab mrs landy cozy ginger beer forget peel potatoes bag slave night hot stove don lift finger knife hand peel dare say scandalous goings school turn father hair white shock running drowning language felt
finally susan buttercup class susan soft yellow curls round pink cheeks blue eyes collections marbles neighborhood john completely behaved wasn bad fault pig candy boiled candy cotton candy licorice sorts fashioned toffee candied orange lemon slices crackerjack jelly beans fudge currant lozenges ticklish throats nougat marrons glaces acid drops peppermint sticks lollipops marshmallows chocolates devoured boys girls spent money model airplanes magazines skipping ropes pet lizards john studied candy counters money candy candy shared john midas candy mad lunch saturday mrs midas noticed couple red spots end john nose look midas john spots midas leaned forward look gravely shook head clicked tongue john tried look difficult end nose mirror happen elephant nose bend double john tried look end nose eye pink blur trying look close eyes ache
sunday afternoon sun sinking low sky air warm john wandering direction susan house absentmindedly looking sidewalk eye suddenly caught dully gleaming silvery gray coin lying path coin size quarter leaned forward eagerly pick john noticed strange picture george washington picture eagle side picture fat boy side letters funny john thought letters happened intials grasping coin firmly ran susan house liked collect things thought interested beginning coin collection habit going susan route afternoon john found turning left turned thought change going didn stop consider east going west blocks unfamiliar street john small corner store ti neat red brick building big show windows full sorts candy
john decided enter house quietly kitchen large candy box hidden let door crept kitchen stairway tiptoe room top floor round corner floor continue upstairs stop moment father walked coming hall bedroom telephone mrs buttercup phone midas called mrs midas walked front stairs sorry john able play susan afternoon thing thought susan excited birthday party tommorrow wonder john soon floor quiet john knew danger candy box seen hurried silently bedroom pushed open door slid box bed walked heavily living room mrs midas couldn imagine sort playing john john took put things undress bathe ready bed thought sleeping waste
miss plimsole lifted hands silence restored instantly complaining sternly test show learning arithmetic short going write problems board expect solve swiftly nearly place paper front write top hand corner place pencil paper sit chair wait give signal begin miss plimsole turned blackboard began chalking test problems tests john nervous lips feeling dry taste chocolate strong mouth raised hand yes john miss plimsole asked andget drind water miss plimsole asked small voice hurry re going start minutes john gratefully slipped room walked quickly quiet corridor water fountain tongue felt thick chocolate cold water refreshing pressed foot fountain treadle stream clear ice cold water spurted form silver nozzle white enamel basin lowered head jet water reached lips cold water splashed delightfully mouth opened lips soon water gushed turned ice cold chocolate water thin sweet
john showing miss plimsole pointed stick chocolate changed mean changed miss plimsole demanded pencil john tried explain anymore stays today put mouth thing happened chewed gloves chocolate john miss plimsole slowly feel yes thank john feel added getting thirsty water water fountain turned chocolate water upstairs drink cold water yes john miss plimsole suddenly looked pale run play going talk nurse john miss plimsole started classroom door pencil boy try lose afraid piece chocolate school don allow eat candy class miss plimsole put slightly chewed chocolate pencil desk drawer john look susan found skipping girls class john scorned skipping rope preferred hide seek tag spies kick exciting game jumping place avoid hit rope silly sorry spoiled susan silver dollar willing sacrifice
chocolate cream pie days past john known skip main course spend lunch money desert thought pieces chocolate cream pie suddenly stomach feel roller coaster uneasy sensation john shuddered ooky commented wrinkling nose boy shrugged shoulders started choose meal john took plate cold chicken ham potato chips crisp moist lettuce tomato salad white chicken pink ham gold potatoes pale green lettuce red tomato looked delicious took half pint milk thick crusted wheat roll cool pat butter tumbler water ice cubes clinking glass dish fresh fruit slices orange grapefruit banana grapes john tray loaded sort meal mother trying persuade eat today john thought pretty dull eat things sweeter food drink today things looked appetizing mouth began water sticky john paid lunch money mother empty table sat fingers trembling slightly eagerness cut slice lettuce fork leaves promising crunch
house wasn nearly large extremely uncomfortable rooms place altogether bed bed grandparents tired tired grandpa joe grandma josephine side grandpa george grandma georgina side mrs bucket charlie bucket slept room mattresses floor summertime wasn bad winter freezing cold drafts blew floor night awful wasn question able buy house bed sleep poor bucket person family job worked toothpaste factory sat bench screwed caps tops tubes toothpaste tubes filled toothpaste cap paid money poor bucket hard worked fast screwed caps able buy half things large family needed wasn money buy proper food meals afford bread margarine breakfast boiled potatoes cabbage lunch cabbage soup supper
asked charlie spies spies yes chocolate makers begun grow jealous wonderful candies wonka making started sending spies steal secret recipes spies took jobs wonka factory pretending ordinary workers found exactly special thing factories tell asked charlie answered grandpa joe soon factory started making ice cream melt hottest sun factory chewing grum lost flavor chewed factory began making candy balloons blow huge sizes popped pin gobbled willy wonka tore beard shouted terrible ruined spies close factory didn charlie yes told workers sorry home shut main gates fastened chain suddenly wonka giant chocolate factory silent deserted chimneys stopped smoking machines stopped whirring single chocolate candy soul willy wonka disappeared completely
happy birthday cried grandparents charlie room early morning charlie smiled nervously sat edge bed holding present present carefully hands wonka whipple fudgemallow delight wrapper end bed propped pillows stared anxious eyes candy bar charlie hands mrs bucket stood foot bed watching charlie room silent waiting charlie start opening present charlie looked candy bar ran fingers slowly length stroking lovingly shiny paper wrapper sharp crackly noises quiet room mrs bucket gently disappointed darling don find re looking underneath wrapper expect lucky bucket charlie didn say grandma josephine wide tickets left found thing remember grandma georgina happens bar candy wonka whipple fudgemallow delight cried grandpa george love yes charlie whispered forget golden tickets enjoy candy grandpa joe don
important room cried wonka taking bunch keys pocket slipping keyhole door nerve center factory heart business beautiful insist rooms beautiful abide ugliness factories careful dear children don lose heads don overexcited calm wonka opened door children grownups pushed ways amazing sight met eyes looking lovely valley green meadows side valley bottom flowed brown river tremendous waterfall halfway river steep cliff water curled rolled solid sheet crashing boiling churning whirlpool froth spray waterfall astonishing sight mass enormous glass pipes dangling river high ceiling enormous pipes dozen sucking brownish muddy water river carrying goodness knows glass liquid flowing bubbling inside noise waterfall hear ending suck suck sucking sound pipes
watchers chocolate swishing boy pipe building solid mass pushing blockage pressure terrific give give augustus whoof shot bullet barrel gun disappeared yelled mrs gloop pipe goe quick call fire brigade calm cried wonka calm dear lady calm danger danger whatsoever augustus journey interesting journey fine wait possibly fine snapped mrs gloop marshmallows seconds impossible cried wonka unthinkable inconceivable absurd marshmallows ask shouted mrs gloop pipe marshmallow room wonka answered pipe augustus happens lead directly room delicious kind strawberry flavored chocolate coated fudge strawberry flavored chocolate coated fudge screamed mrs gloop poor augustus selling pound country tomorrow morning gloop mrs gloop joke gloop wonka think cried mrs gloop
wonka suddenly excited usual room loved hopping saucepans machines child christmas presents knowing thing look lifted lid huge pot took sniff rushed dipped finger barrel sticky yellow stuff taste skipped machines turned half dozen knobs peered anxiously glass door gigantic oven rubbing hands cackling delight saw inside ran machine small shiny affair going phut phut phut phut phut phut large green marble dropped basket floor looked marble everlasting gobstoppers cried wonka proudly re completely inventing children pocket money put everlasting gobstopper mouth suck suck suck suck suck smaller gum cried violet beauregarde gum wonka gum chewing tried chewing gobstoppers break teech taste terrific change color week smaller
littlest family grew kids grow didn grew front rear chest butt especially belly nathaniel robbins feet inches tall weigh hundred pounds mother weighs ninety pounds mom rest family call ned kid eating piece bread asking bread bread ned friend steve lived houses calls nat kids school bunch names blimipie tubby piggy lard butt lots wouldn mention public mad want scream spit jump head phil steinkraus gave jelly belly phil steinkraus big kid thinks tough makes want vomit believe knew feel fact phil steinkraus hateful steve stop taking bus school walk raining snowing freezing cold walked aisle school bus passed phil steinkraus thing hey jelly belly say punch stomach hard
don think neddie appreciates explanation celery dad grinned think re dieting easy especially eleven boy ned stick lose weight look feel lot healthier feel healthy don look healthy lizzie look gross shot look dad cleared throat think sort comment trying help lizzy shrugged mean fat elizabeth mom grandma began bringing food table took look hungrier plates piled high spaghetti grandma special tomato sauce yes breaded veal cutlets special favorite mom helped grandma serve passing plates grandma sat place wasn happy dinner neddie mom brought plate table spaghetti tomato sauce breaded veal cutlet triangle gray meat pile string beans sliced tomato spaghetti sorry hon mom diet veal cutlet veal cutlet mom thing touched gray thing fork breaded fried mom broiled try sure delicious
big fat kid sitting bus richard napoli huge room seat sitting going summer camp lean camp stinks wasn bad feel camp richard sticking hand travel bag putting things mouth mean ate beginning trip end cookies candy bars sandwiches zillion cherries re bringing stuff camp asked mouthfuls told thinking secret grandma stash eat richard told wait awhile save richard laughed later arrived camp lean bus knew laughed thing staff rec hall travel bags empty bags front floor counselors took shoebox full grandma cookies goodies rest kids looked richard stuff took empty paper bag disgusting mean bad took cookies terrible laughing joking making smart remarks
lose pounds week thought wouldn terrific miracle walked ball field beginning end visiting feeling inside feeling mrs napoli mom talking richards mrs napoli weighed ten pounds ounces born eater neddie mom fact skinny worried richard big bones mrs napoli takes father richard looked rolled eyes comical eating cannoli hte cake box announcement loudspeaker thought going say visiting attention parents ask leave food brought give campers food kind leave confiscated thank cooperation dad looked remains mrs napoli feast don think left leave grinnned felt tugging sleeve turned grandma quetly walked bunk sat steps look terrible grandma terrible gave head squeeze re starving
don worry won richard gave funny look ned don feel sick exactly uh richard weeks camp weirdness sat leaned wall bunk re getting dr skinny crap maybe spend scheming planning goodies maybe forget talking brian goodboy richard sneered brian hume told don conscience huh richard re going put big weight losing drive end camp home folks proud maybe richard grabbed arm sucker stuff ned brown eyes wide look face fierce fat place dummy parents don feed food rammed throat taught re fattened don helping home send stinking place dirty don understand richard looked didn want argue grandfather rome richard
richard wrong unfair kids want diet richard kind threw eyeballs sky jesus re moron sorry don want money don want big fat laugh stupid run stupid camp shrugged thought idea put fists richard put hands sides richard going whip butt didn say butt shook head richard punched shoulder hurt yellow fight richard didn answer afraid start blubbering opened mouth richard grabbed arm started pulling woods tried shake grip tight ended arm bent pushed clearing bunk richard start swinging kind stuck face hit don want fight kill kill anyway richard pushed shoulder didn looked kind staring
mother gifted fingers strong healthy expert weaver addition tending housework garden vegetables flowers remember khashkash poppy seeds brown seeds frying pan grind special stone kind poppy seed butter staples fresh batch invite lady friends lunch mother gay friendly friends father tie business family especially fond mother aunt bride grandmother home delicate frail unable hard sick say vakh vakh boy burnt bride region sick bride considered worst thing lived roof grandparents aunts uncles moved sick aunt uncle cousin armenian quarter acreage needed growing poppies father business harvesting selling gum making opium mother aunt grown fond lived grandma moved home duplex mother began looking aunt
want piece jashei peda downtown bread ask white bread kind liked yes say unison lifting eyes floor put piece string cheese sausage treat sipping raki eating mezas talking bird grandma auntie busied kitchen making supper grandfather rarely smiled talked bird smile finger mustache look space grandmother wasn afraid lost temper quickly admonish saying quick temper form insanity sat supper cousins mariam arshalous garabed small eat grandfather wouldn allow infants table look faces consider deeds say scornfully downing raki table addition hrpsime grandparents uncle hagop gambler sourpuss wife aunt arousiag unmarried uncles apel haig uncle apel meek quiet later read aloud bible table cleared dishes washed passion raising roosters entering cockfights staged turks
don understand grandma case let say thing won understand mother sayings ponder learn childhood carved stone learn age carved ice home grandma course darling sure re wondering keeping began walking silence sudent started missing kittens yeghsa put cotton earrings kittens shook heads cotton balls jiggle grandma tell abut tekyoos saved papa mama burned hand think veron kittens umm parents don barn father returns journeys drives horse wagon place reason soon stream margarian house crosses wooden bridge neighbors dogs start barking tekyoos knows father coming home soon tekyoos barks runs door grandpa opens says benyat coming benyat tekyoos morning father bad cold tried stop wouldn listen stubborn started home evening chills running temperature
didn want leave konya enjoying friends dreaded going road mama busy brothers yeghisapet papa spent told stories missionaries orphanages tell turks circassians lazes costumes turks lived cities wore fezes religious moslems wore white turbans peasants wore baggy trousers tribes distinguished colors scarves wore belts taught recognize uniforms soldiers soldiers cruel trusted worse papa give lessons repeat told knew heart busy help mind wandering don days morning carefully packed possessions wagon hill wound narrow mud walled streets konya joined caravans outskirts town place armenians azizya afyon gathered stopped waited eventually officers talked saw papa put hand couldn tell
crossed top taurus mountains began descent camping night miles miles valley papa fertile farming regions wrapped golden haze mama pointing grayish shimmer horizon told sea silver ribbons distance rivers difficult believe living trouble mama looking vast peaceful expanse understand grandpa answered wondered ask question bring answer understand asked mama excited start crying tell quiet papa calm didn understand telling grandpa sad angry changing subject avoiding altogether decided try remember papa later try understand explanations woolly clouds drifting valley casting dark shadows earth began descending slopes taking forever reach valley appeared close touch air rich perfumes nature moisture uncle haig valley hot egypt papa uncle
days dragged week weeks longer lost track days month papa eat impossible remain cheerful regular monotony knew monotony broken moment break bring worse wake papa deporting armenians turkey matter arabian desert live uncertainty worst thing felt fate anxious present love left home simply granted longer child started journey deep inside knew love going march shared thought put person trying person load lighter reason load lighter realized children saved elders found reason elders guide course helpless victims
lamar hunt couldn believe daughter sharon bounced small red white blue ball roof home backyard asked super ball real daddy super ball sure bounces super hunt owner kansas city chiefs didn realize high bouncing hard rubber ball inspire football important game merger agreement national football league nfl american football league afl championship game scheduled titleholders discussions referring final game championship game awkward hunt recalled happened say super bowl knew talking term super ball daughter nfl adopted super bowl official championship game super bowl games listed roman numerals ordained history hundred thousand spectators filled huge stadium championship game national football league hundred million watched television college football bowl games entertain america tv nearly twelve continuous hours high school games unite small towns neighborhoods big cities backyards boys grow throwing football pretending latest popular quarterback
rockne games player jesse harper assistant coach seasons took command notre dame coach helped put notre dame football map forward pass football vocabulary startling upset army knute kenneth rockne born march voss norway father lars manufactured carriages carriages beautiful earned prize liverpool fair england father read chicago fair built carriage hoping win prize carriage won grand prize chicago father decided remain growing midwestern city wrote wife martha asked chicago children knute saw statue liberty deck boat steaming york bay later chicago schoolboy rockne washed windows delivered packages pocket money heart sports primarily track field father suggested college drop high school job worked chicago post office trained illinois athletic club half miler pole vaulter wanted pursue ambition college athlete applied notre dame small college allowed entrance exam high school diploma
bronko wasn spectacular breakaway runner halas football purists picture runner perfect form fullback ran low ground parallel moment contact tackler dipped shoulder brought terrific impact uppercut difference momentum tackler weighed bronko countersmash shoulder bounced tackler rain hitting tin roof bronko nagurski symbol bears power running team nfl changed shape ball slightly longer narrower passing easier rookie quarterback named sid luckman joined bears soon turned nfl feared passing team modern formation considered radical offense clark shaughnessy stanford coach designed backs form quarterback crouched center fullback lined directly quarterback halfbacks side fullback shaughnessy developed university chicago amos alonzo stagg successor stanford won game formation turn team rose bowl champion record stars left handed quarterback frankie albert halfbacks hugh gallarneau pete kmetovic fullback norm standlee
success teams prompted familiar question players today players past usual answer today players bigger stronger faster improvement coaching techniques created smarter player difficult compare players teams eras player team truly judged current competition standards considered era player team perform winning level consistently period reasons steelers seventies super bowl championships deserve rated teams football history success steelers begun toss coin nfl draft college players choice goes team worst record previous season according nfl scouts choice obvious terry bradshaw husky quarterback small college louisiana tech resembled blond li abner comic book character season steelers bears worst record victory defeats determine choice draft commissioner pete rozelle tossed coin steelers won toss rookie bradshaw struggled steelers team struggled history
understand running listen larry csonka explained gain yards put eleven defensive players yards big zonk known pound fullback miami dolphins won super bowl vii complete perfect record level football competition yards running play represents substantial gain emphasis today passing running rushing statisticians prefer describe considered coaches important team offense order passing attack succeed team establish coaches say running game effective running game easier opposing team gear defense stop pass walter payton surpassed jim brown career total rushing yards nfl regular season competition onetime cleveland browns fullback remains standard ball carriers measured brown stopped playing seasons pursue career motion picture actor holds significant nfl records touchdowns yard average rush yard average game running backs yard game jim brown averaged yards game career averaged yards carry
game sayers tackled kermit alexander cornerback knee required surgery named pro seasons season sayers football instinctive running backs avoiding tacklers slide sideways burst ahead full speed watching films runs teammates opponents shook head disbelief running george halas called seen papa bear nfl founders halas seen jim thorpe red grange jim brown walter payton insist hugh mcelhenny forgotten recent especially peak seasons beginning university washington pound halfback virtually tightrope walker football balance remarkable weaved tacklers left grasping air rookie averaged yards carry rushing yards mcelhenny runs quarterback frankie albert shook head king albert king runners king mcelhenny nickname accumulated purpose yards runner receiver punt returner kickoff returner including rushing yards teammate quarterback tittle labeled finest running saw open field runner
buckets hung days weather kind makes real flow sap freezing night thick cloud cover sun warmth flow standing sugarbush hear creaking maples cold wind blows canada finally freezing cold night morning sunny pale thin low angled sunlight november direct strengthening light sun passed equinox sun longer days feels warm cheeks makes birds sing helps things loosen stretch frost designs jonathan bedroom window melted dressed morning bright lances sunlight crazy crisscross dance angie covers wiggles knees jeremy climbs stool window takes quiet look sunlit sap rising alice calls going flow today flow sunlight energy tree sugar making process sunlight sky carbon dioxide air chlorophyll green leaves worked sugar nourishes tree winter sugar stored bark wood roots stems leaf seen watery sap carrying sugar begins stir bark reviving tree cycle growth
days southeast wind brought spring rain melt snow unlock frozen earth winter prison ragged snow patches scattered meadow torn remnants white blanket covered nearly months trees nearly finished run sap gathered waits storage tank sugarhouse boiled week spoil forty gallons sap gallon syrup inefficient boil small quantities tank full boiling begin morning melting earthy smell spring meadow suddenly turns sweet hundred feet sugarhouse steam rolls open ends house smoke rises chimney inside sitting maple cloud surrounded muffled roar fire bubbling tumble boiling sap betty brown children cheeks wet shiny mapley mist celebration birthdays christmas boiling party party celebrates mud greenness sweetness renewed early morning alice don started fire arch firebox beneath boiling pans fifteen hours boiling ahead part night watch sniff talk taste
windless starry night started coming softly secretly covering sparkling whiteness easter eve april snowfall snowfall season children thrilled means sugar snow party maple syrup cold sweet taste jelly beans chocolate easter eggs alice boils syrup foamy slightly thicker children race pan warm syrup meadow corner alice carrying cider doughnuts smooth pack place small patch snow andpour syrup dribbling designs look twisting rivers pooling golden puddles seconds grows cold waxy chewy twist forks pick fingers eat drink cider syrup eat powdered doughnuts taste maple syrup pancake breakfast morning boiling sweeter asked breakfast yes woody smoky clear fancy grade mild fancy sweeter talk breakfast table sweetness clarity color stories told tell taste stand maples county jug syrup
henry huggins big trouble ramona lived henry house trouble passed newspapers henry ramona nearby making things wrong mom henry ramona awful pest don pay attention answered mrs huggins henry couldn help feeling mother didn understand ramona tried paying attention didn ramona thinking things trouble henry spoke beezus ramona big sister ramona surely makes lot trouble newspaper route stop pestering beezus told mother mother told ramona listens henry sadly find ahead ramona henry early newspapers look paper looked picture smiling lady caught eye henry knew lady told wrote problems maybe explain problem lady write problem girl pesters paper route stop henry tried think lady answer letter write talk problem girl mother won thought henry mrs quimby knew problem able ramona listen ramona listen
henry delivering papers bike saw beezus ramona hurrying ramona wearing mustache cut brown paper mustache sheriff bud wore tv show hi beezus henry ramona pulled beezus hand late understand beezus tell knows sheriff bud show suddenly henry thought sheriff bud ramona listen sheriff bud henry sheriff bud tell ramona stop pestering soon henry finished route home turned television sheriff bud wearing cowboy hat cardboard nose waving handfuls letters letters written children watched show sheriff bud wished happy birthdays hoped colds didn tell listener stop pestering wrote henry found piece paper pen wrote address date began dear sherrif looked funny put dear sherriff strange looked henry threw letter started dear sheriff bud wrote handwriting need help girl pesters paper route watches show tell stop pestering ramona geraldine quimby thank signed addressed letter mailed soon mailed letter henry felt sure plan sheriff bud received letters talking pay attention letter
peggy peters stranger city tall buildings sidewalks faces didn peters family lived ranch moved city peggy missed horses liked riding peggy father peters pleased smile let walk park told peggy think find feel home peggy glad walked wondered father mean side park streets peggy stopped short rubbed eyes believing saw inside building horses yes horses riding ring stable stable city surprise peggy stood wide stable door watched going didn ride peggy thought middle ring appeared teaching ride heels calling riders don lean forward city riders looked strange peggy didn dress ranch riding funny whips tapped horses maybe need whips horses awake thought peggy look sleepy peggy stood watching boy riding clothes running stable dropped whip noticing dropped whip peggy whip crop boy snapped strode past peggy father looked street
hetty hank working field road howdy children called big bag turnips re taking sell town hank proudly turnips cried love nice juicy turnips dinner couldn spare guess wouldn miss hetty gave trotted clippity clop bushes pink mountain flowers lady working yard howdy young called big strong bag turnips re taking town hank turnips cried lady goodness love taste turnips dinner couldn spare suppose wouldn miss hetty gave big hetty hank rows tall blue mountains trotted stream road disappeared seen woman appeared horseback splashing stream wrong young called lost road town hank disappeared follow stream woman road parts hetty hank splashing woman soon spied road goodby kind woman gave turnips dinner road tall pine trees overtook taking crate chickens town howdy
hetty hank walked road looking saw big covered wagons loaded potatoes hills saw trading horses village square train past watched round eyes disappeared distance field crowd big sign gate county fair hetty hank hustling bustling crowd soon line tables loaded kind food turnips cried hetty fifty turnips table big asked hank hetty held turnip larger juicier rest howdy young looking turnips want put turnip contest contest asked hank prize finest turnip fair goodness hetty let try bet hank wrote names tag tied fat turnip laid turnips began look turnips carefully weighed heavy felt hard tried held large turnip head attention cried finest turnip fair belongs girl boy young receive prize hetty held hand shining bright dollar gold piece thank sir cried hetty hank
monday morning juliana received twenty cents father money supposed week didn monday afternoon twenty cents bought ice cream candy juliana friend isabel monday holiday juliana isabel picnic dinner tree hustled candy shop usual treat isabel home juliana village store hand carried paper bag left sandwich held lollipop licking looked suddenly important thought struck juliana tomorrow father birthday money left buy present saving weeks buy necktie marked fifty cents seen store ago juliana hurried necktie counter necktie green flowers red background beautiful necktie juliana thought money buy corner store large square board notes board juliana read note green hotel needed wash dishes mrs meecham wanted girl afternoons care baby number wanted help clean houses wash windows sign caught attention read lost white kitten gray spot nose finder return sammy badger reward juliana knew sad feel happened kitten wouldn wonderful find kitten sammy reward reward promised fifty cents
wilbur wright boy dream wanted fly told impossible dream wilbur boy believed fly wilbur older brothers took interest flying younger brother shared wilbur dream wilbur younger brother watched birds look orville wilbur flap wings think maybe makes move ahead hold wings flapping makes move maybe orville curve wings makes stay air wish wish sit bird reins hand fly direction sit bird wilbur wind press body hold lie wind press faster lying winter boys able try wilbur idea sled race boys sat sleds usual wilbur orville stretched flat sleds cut air arrived bottom hill ahead friends didn fight wind rest wilbur explained wright boys sorts experiments orville thought ideas wilbur put plans paper plans worked ideas kinds tools bikes wagons boys kites usual crossed sticks covered thin paper swelled wind
boys decided test ideas built carrying kite ways glider built experiments gliders important brothers took carrying kite place called kitty hawk carried top hill orville lay flat lower wing wilbur untied ropes held glider ground big kite rider lifted slowly air flight seconds twelve feet ground glider carried air flights wright brothers learned deal gliders worked wind built gliders experiments studies finally built plane wing curves meet changing wind glider motor let thing orville let try glider works try plane driven motor learned glide safely learn fly tested plane kitty hawk early fall worked hoped making thousand glides glides hundred feet machine sailed safely wind thirty miles hour times stayed air thirty seconds surprise wrights dared hope glider stay wilbur orville knew glide safely step learn fly experiments needed wrights try plane driven motor
rikki didn knew shouldn edge wharf suddenly feet noticed knothole sized knothole planks end wharf rikki dropped knees squinted knothole yes ocean waves rolling looked deep big fish swim rikki carefully baited hook lowered knothole ocean needed luck prove catch fish number passed rikki smiled laughed saw rikki grinned line bob pulled line sure bait hook didn look fresh rikki put fresh bait thought needed rikki waited patiently suddenly felt tug line rikki gave pull felt strong yank end line rikki hang remembered joe fished wharf rikki began let line yanking wasn strong began pull line pulled hard rikki knew end sized fish hand hand line crowd onlookers standing rikki laughing hard rikki wondered laughing catching fish funny fish dangling water rikki squinted knothole look big bigger fish joe caught fishing wharf big knothole
story named fritzl wife named liesi baby kinndli spitz dog cow goats pigs geese dozen lived patch land worked fritzl plow ground sow seeds hoe weeds cut hay place piles sun worked hard liesi house clean soup cook butter care baby barnyard animals worked hard worked hard fritzl thought worked harder evenings home fields sat hu hot sun today hard liesi tis tis easy liesi easy cried fritzl putter potter house bit surely hard things nay think liesi turn turn tomorrow mine fields cut hay stay home putter potter wish try yes fritzl thought lie grass eye kinndli girl sit tree butter fry bit sausage cook soup ho easy yes yes try
hulla hui tree kinndli climbing churn churn tipping spilling falling grass lay kinndli covered half churned cream butter end butter fritzl blinked blinked blue eyes na na picked dripping kinndli set sun dry sun climbed high heavens noon dinner liesi seen home bite eat big fast steps fritzl hurried garden gathered turnips potatoes vegetables soup fritzl house arms full vegetables close garden gate sat stool kitchen began cutting peeling peelings fly noise fritzl jumped feet cow slipping roof fall break neck roof fritzl coil heavy rope listen carefully tell took end rope tied cow middle end rope dropped chimney pulled fireplace kitchen took end rope hanging fireplace tied middle tight knot yo ho chuckled cow falling roof began whistle
liesi home fields hulla hui hanging edge roof cow yes cow half dead eyes popping tongue hanging liesi lost snip snap cut rope cow wobbling legs alive heaven praised liesi saw garden gate wide open pigs goats geese full garden empty liesi walked churn dumped kinndli sun stiff sticky dried cream butter liesi hurried spitz dog grass full sausages looked liesi looked cellar cider floor part stairs liesi looked kitchen floor piled high peelings dishes pans liesi saw fireplace hu hulla hui soup kettle arms waving legs kicking spluttering sound coming water na na mean cried liesi yes saved cow happened fritzl inside yes yes soon cow rope cut fritzl poor dropped chimney crash splash fell kettle soup fireplace liesi lost pulled arms tugged legs dripping spluttering fritzl heaven praised alive na na liesi house yes liesi liesi spluttered fritzl re tis easy
bob abbott glided suddenly stop dark sparkling ice matter cousin esther asked esther visiting abbotts weekend december don bob answered frowning maybe thought heard queer sound call help skaters stood peering december sun front stretched frozen marshes dog barked answered heard esther dog barking bob shook head listen ahead low cry voice esther father icehouse sound reached louder going find bob maybe trouble esther close began skate passage opened marsh curving passages skated tall marsh grass hid icehouse catch sudden sight reached pond yards shore stood icehouse cries inside icehouse esther cried bob nodded cousin inside icehouse strange frightening sounds dislike place esther whispered help bob shook head skated shore sat large rock remove skates esther hesitated removing skates bob narrow wooden chute stretched pond door icehouse suddenly stopped bent
esther shouted ice answered bob moment icehouse rang loud howl bob spied animal lying flat corner slab ice animal yellow eyes burn pale fire bob let breath deep sigh cat turning head bob called black cat esther mouth dropped open finally asked matter howl bob put head doorway puss called puss cat movement refuse bob crawled forward surprise cat try escape ears laid struggled weakly side side snarling meowing sick hurt thought took cat gently neck tried lift surprise unable suddenly understood mystery cat frozen slab ice queer things breath tried figure happened cat dashed icehouse escape dogs sleeping ice heat body melted surface later cold night air surface freeze morning cat held fast minutes later cousins stood base chute read cat frozen underground passage esther firemen cut free bob searching found big stone climbed chute
bottom penguins live interesting place called antarctica slow exploring antarctica land snow ice struggle live cold explored cold land white space maps penguins brave explored antarctica part fast learning scientists countries find country scientists working visit antarctica ship ice let travel sled place making camp camp live called base ship arrives friendly penguins afraid curious watch move carry things ship load sleds inland penguins waddle camp look funny marching row black white soldiers penguin tries attention tapping flippers penguins hard camp penguins underfoot fifteen group scientists found place base penguins nesting grounds built fence space needed began move penguins easy job
house danny friends joe irene mom cookies morning danny lived home professor bullfinch scientist inventor danny mother house children inside big pleasant house saw professor bullfinch bag hand going asked danny going town professor important job danny professor bullfinch fond danny taught science danny friends professor laboratory professor bullfinch laboratory number strange mechanical things strangest kind desk desk high panel filled tiny lights flat square buttons colored panel desk gray cabinet heavy electric wires leading important job danny asked professor danny professor decided give big job going leave minny care minny cried joe minny danny laughed professor computer pointed desk cabinet mechanical brain sort thinking machine smallest look small joe mechanical brain filled room professor joe eyeing machine thinking asked joe professor answered thinks ask questions mean talk yes professor speak microphone type answers kind scary joe professor irene shyly ask question works
joe looked surprised say machine professor bullfinch computer parts part arithmetic problems answers kinds questions part facts stored hundreds tables facts memory banks look tell want irene breathed sigh magic machine sorts problems give answers want kind superman professor shook head dear kind supertool machine inside brain brain machines brain mechanical brain ha feel joe machine professor bullfinch rested hands danny shoulders dan remember toy mechanical brain important tool danny nodded want asked finish feeding information leave papers desk service machine morning interest weekly science news letter feed machine put arm danny careful laboratory professor danny night professor bullfinch left town irene trouble question homework danny joe give answer let ask minny danny children straight laboratory danny turned computer
monday afternoon miss arnold giving class homework usual danny writing smile suddenly sat straight danny dunn miss arnold saying joe irene need write special miss arnold explained homework giving special homework extra credit handed books harder books class brightly sure trouble try examples arithmetic book answer questions history book tomorrow give harder books fine thing joe walked room irene makes sick think friends worked afternoon evening figuring information feed minny twenty pages book program arithmetic examples questions miss arnold late finished tired grumpy homework looked fine felt pretty worked computer miss arnold approve wouldn matter give harder thought minny happened worked computer school danny home looking grumpy mother professor bullfinch living room danny dunn mother wrong danny kicked rug toe hard worked computer wouldn homework
baby boy born village paris parents named baby louis braille louis sisters brother oldest catherine fifteen helped housework simon thirteen learning harness maker father marie eleven big help farm louis baby marie sang lovely songs catherine began tell stories read simon father began harness shop louis liked play bits leather harness shop watch father simon louis playing father harness shop picked awl tried punch leather awl didn louis held leather eyes shoved awl awl slipped eye parents took louis doctors knew days doctors treat deep cut eye knew save boy eyesight louis saw eye cut sight eye began grow dim parents knew louis knew blind louis braille didn understand dark learned live dark steps table steps chair family place louis learn thing
school difficult louis listened closely interesting things teacher memory asked repeat learned remembered louis able learn alphabet finally teacher thought plan teaching letters twigs louis feel shape taught louis alphabet group letters word read louis cried happily want read stories books books read asked teacher give won books read fingers teacher don give school blind paris school ten louis school blind paris found book read enormous book stand pages big raised letters louis ran fingers letters delight book read happy reading book slow difficult reading louis read book books school asked books books blind told enormous books expensive took big books raised letters small school book pupils found big books hard read louis pupil read
goodby aunt rosemary dennis thanks calling birthday dennis turned telephone spoke dad wasn nice call sounded door office york sound clear telephone company helped father replied relayed voices form radio waves rivers deserts mountains relay message asked dennis try explain simple father suppose store wanted shout message home couldn hear suppose pals mike jim mike nearer jim nearer yell hi dad mike heard turn yell words jim jim turn yell heard message hi dad start message mike jim relays receive message send yes think understand relay dennis sounds hard send message texas york aunt rosemary voice heard telephone dad voice changed electrical message changed sound end electrical message relayed tower tower remember vacation trip passed large tower desert dennis thought bit mean big tower horns top yes course horns receive radio beam carries telephone message form radio beam called microwave radio beam towers twenty miles texas york relay telephone messages
jerome kildee built house side mountain odd house jerome kildee odd built house redwood tree windy point front wall jerome house wall big glass window opposite wall trunk redwood tree odd house wall curved finished redwood bark jerome neighbors friends friendly animals neighbors jerome found animals raccoons took caps bottles easily opened cupboard doors helped food grumpy raccoon neighborhood grouch lived hole trunk redwood tree jerome built house grouch refused move felt redwood tree tree clear pair spotted skunks set housekeeping floor smart real sense fun playing tricks raccoons skunks jerome check chimney fireplace built fire skunks liked fireplace gladly traded nest floor jerome chimney broom mice found jerome house liking big wood mice lived bark nest knot tree trunk pair mice lived bed box letters mice crowded jerome house spotted skunks killed jerome home grouch found mate
rains lasted summer mrs grouch lived home mate babies growing taking room roof holes grumpy snarl grouch demanded dry side cloudy afternoon jerome tramping woods mrs grouch moved babies house helping stuffing mattress nest oven home jerome discovered family oven door open scold spoiled mattress mrs grouch showed babies hungry wanted roast oven put wooden box corner room moved family grouch stamped steps sat open doorway scolded mate jerome turned left nest grouch wet cold half hour scampered tree reappeared door jerome grinned cooked roast cutting put piece saucer set saucer floor grouch gave saucer look dangerous matter going cabin stepping box trap wet cold needed food warmth length grouch walked house saucer sniffed roast took bite jerome finished supper grouch mind stay dishes washed jerome sat fire think problem trying weeks grouch cabin fellow family moved dared close door
exciting things wild bird animal mean meet cage mean wild difficult tell wild bird animal mark recognize lookout bird animal find learn interesting exciting wise crow called silverspot silvery white spot eye bill spot able recognize birds crows wisest silverspot leader large band crows lived place called castle frank pine covered hill city mild winters band crows lived river cold winters traveled warmer place end winter silverspot gathered followers bravely led forty miles open water flew straight line curve west silverspot sight mountains knew reached castle frank weeks silverspot troop lived pine covered hill morning bands crows set opposite directions look food larger band valley led silverspot windows overlooked valley watched crows neighbor noticed crow
switzerland love tell story william tell hundreds ago switzerland strangers mountains unkind named gessler rule swiss gessler tried slaves swiss took rights permission brought soldiers country carry orders swiss bow wished gessler angry thought hurt set pole market place pole hat ordered swiss person bow hat show respect gessler william tell visited village upset angry learned gessler sad miserable returned mountain home wife met door trouble face wife tell william tell hat pole market place gessler tells free slave switzerland think true country bow gessler hat answered wife obey gessler town husband calls william tell replied slave fear cruel fair town coming country sell goods william tell rose early morning sell goatskins took son william tell son crossed market place stood pole held hat
lived rich named midas daughter knew forgotten love odd names girls choose call marygold king midas fonder gold loved half daughter midas loved daughter want wealth thought foolish knew thing dear child aim give biggest pile shining golden money heaped midas gave skills thought mind getting gold happened look gold tinted clouds sunset wished real gold marygold ran meet basket buttercups say pooh pooh child flowers golden look worth picking early days king midas shown taste flowers planted garden grew biggest sweetest beautiful roses saw roses growing sheltered garden large lovely midas looked figure garden worth rose petals thin plate gold fond music music poor midas sound coin grow foolish care grow wiser wiser
driven shadows hills king midas wide awake reached hand touched wrinkled white covering bed delight turned pure gold midas hopped bed ran room touching swept window curtain grew heavy hand lump gold took book table behold package thin gold plates words longer read put clothes turned gold drew handkerchief marygold gold gold handkerchief satisfy selfish king midas liked daughter handwork look worthwhile bother thing thought midas took eyeglasses pocket put nose wanted wonderful things clearly discovered possibly glasses turned gold struck king midas bad wealth wealthy usable glasses matter anyway thought midas golden touch worth eyesight eyes serve things marygold soon read selfish king midas lifted latch door garden latch brass lifted golden fingers left garden found number beautiful roses full bloom midas thought knew lovely flower flower magic touch bloom soon changed gold
abbie gazed sister round frightened eyes don beckie replied thing redcoats scituate harbor flour save flour abbie let enemy abbie started say beckie stopped let think let think cried redcoated began climbing ships course thing dunes abbie quick grab drum real soldiers fife drum redcoats scituate harbor run run run cried beckie run grab drum wall sand dunes sand dunes beckie shouting grabbed fife wall abbie heels red drum bobbing string raced lighthouse stairs falling penelope mad race dunes afraid abbie gasped look giants tall hats run run soon dunes start beating drum beat strength afraid begin beating drum soon start playing yankee doodle beckie dashed ahead falling skirts beckie gasped reached safety dunes didn beckie foot count suddenly scituate harbor countryside filled lively sound yankee doodle bates sisters march beckie led fife abbie close beating drum
liked wear badge carry sign tell stand badge sign called emblem important thing ago tribes fighting battle helped warriors killing side common thing times peace emblem likely colored feathers wooden animal tied pole later tribes joined form nation emblem represent nation flag country treated love respect die battle defend flag country beautiful colors red white blue stars stripes star stripe meaning think red stands blood soldiers fought died country say blue stands truth white aims pure unselfish think colors flag stands country strong brave true upper left hand corner flag blue square called field field fifty white stars star represents states country say twenty star forty eighth star mean twenty forty eighth part united states america forty ninth fiftieth stars represent alaska hawaii love honor country flag town flies flagpole school front post office flagpole park
johann riehl lay flat stomach low stone wall peeked children going boy match johann girl younger morning passed johann home white frame house road morning johann lay stone wall watched goblins whispered safely hobgoblins course johann knew word goblins special meaning johann europe sea johann uncle fritz word goblins uncle fritz asked johann parents america fight hobgoblins startled johann mother kitchen mother goblins america asked mother laughed johann uncle means kind goblin thinking problems meet unfamiliar language johann young deep growing worry didn fear language studied hard learn english woman town uncle fritz told american boys played baseball jumping catfish johann thought strange preparations voyage johann wondered american boys march left america johann parents twenty canaries mother leave stormy voyage spring reached america soon riehls countryside grew beautiful neared home midwest usable land fine strong land
electromagnetic frequencies broadcasting forms radio communication regarded public property government regulates according concept public character electromagnetic spectrum sets broadcasting communication media medium depends existence public resource manufactured privately owned dependence imposes duty government administer radio frequencies national interest interpretations nature duty vary course nation according political philosophy reason find diversity national broadcasting systems regulation stations operating channel general area inevitably interfere adjacent channels limited number channels physically interference turn entire radio communication system hopeless jumble competing signals fact actually began happen broadcasting america early creating babel led enactment radio act law present regulation based electromagnetic waves course stop international boundaries prevention intereference requires international national regulation clearly communicate radio country cooperation frequency power place communication cases radio boundaries forbearance nations limits national discretion spectrum international resource comparable theory airspace high seas international waterways migratory fisheries
britain girdling empire existed broadcasting began implications broadcasting empire immediately recognized bbc began experimenting overseas transmissions britain officially launched empire service pioneer external service entirely english aimed british expatriates colonies residents dominions independent nations canada australia maintain ties home country earlier external services prompted colonial interests abroad started dutch germans french bbc launched foreign language external broadcasts eve war ii arabic aimed counteracting italian radio propaganda directed east soon germany britain began deadly war words united states added voice word war president franklin roosevelt appointed elmer davis popular radio newscaster head office war information owi important component owi voice america air february congress wary creating government propaganda agency fearing future turned americans political party power fact owi set conservative congressmen accused covertly campaigning president roosevelt reelection promoting controversial deal policies winkler law forbids release united states government radio television film programs designed overseas war owi disbanded voa continued operation shunted federal agency
frequency soil conductivity account surprisingly large differences coverage power progressively effective channel frequency increases watt station lower end band khz coverage station ten times power located city channel upper end band khz minimum power station watts ground wave coverage maximum power watts station differences soil conductivity respective coverage areas ground wave defines broadcasting station primary coverage area area signal reliable receiver locations sky waves stations reach primary coverage area receivers located miles transmitter sky wave zone constitutes secondary coverage area depends ionosphere secondary coverage counted night sky waves subject fading interference provide form coverage importance places nighttime coverage system channel station classification adopted ensure extent wants chance pick signal channels divided categories local regional clear local regional channels stations limited power intended cover small medium size areas clear channels powerful stations intended cover large areas including remote parts country population centers channels cleared interfering nighttime signals stations assigned cover distant areas usable sky wave service
president woodrow wilson took interest situation midst paris peace conference considered communication oil shipping represented keys balance power international affairs archer britain led maritime strength united states led petroleum production britain lead field worldwide cable facilities verge obtaining monopoly international wireless communication british marconi found caught squeeze play government actual overt move expropriate british marconi american holdings tacit government approval negotiations carried private level owen young board chairman general electric exhibit marconi company position united states plainly untenable president american marconi told stockholders found exists part officials government strong irremovable objection american marconi stock interest held british company quoted archer pressures british marconi agreed sell stock american subsidiary general electric condition allowed buy alexanderson alternators united states ge created subsidiary fall carry american marconi extensive wireless telegraphy business radio corporation america rca rca charter officers americans percent stock american hands rca took operation american marconi assets november eventually rca closely linked broadcasting broadcasting station founders plans enter field
radio segmentation audience aptly suited mood encouraging single constituency programming appeals personal absorption phone talk shows flourished giving caller chance play secretary judge mayor fire chief president jimmy carter exploited trend radio intimately president roosevelt consumer advocates told put gorilla suit assert government bureaucracy computerized business radio astrologers health faddists religious revivalists profited listeners preoccupation radio reflecting pool listeners constantly enjoy narcissistic images liberated personal problem bizarre intimate therapists discuss air listeners commercial radio achieved openness candor unthinkable free form fm stations decade began profound influence radio swing pendulum regulatory control market control free wheeling competition entering broadcasting field easier especially members minority groups stations expected set standards programming commercials minimum interference fcc increase number stations prospect administrative radio conference warc agreed enlarge band authorize subsequent itu regional conferences consider adopting khz radio channel separation place khz spectrum adopted western hemisphere regional conference enable licensing hundreds stations estimates vary compete fragmented audiences
idea wireless transmission pictures occurred inventors early idea wireless sound transmission sound broadcasting reality television remained experimental stage delay partly sophisticated technology television requires need compatibility need adopt single national standard details television signal act standardizing technical details frame line frequency freezes development level turned later standards set higher level tremendous waste occur millions receivers studio transmitter equipment outmoded setting television standards involved finding compromise conflicting interests patent holders manufacturers government bureaucracies economic political concerns reasons television moved forward fits starts standards improved bit bit fcc permission won try improvements public technological evolution phases mechanical scanning electronic scanning began lead early begun reach satisfactory level war ii interrupted development widespread introduction modern television occurred conclusion war watershed united states series technical legal economic organizational developments converged television functioning mass medium lagged twenty radio fact radio broadcasting decades growth mass medium gave television start
controversial programming sort involves question regulating commercial programs aimed children children easy access television exerts poewrful hold attention programs designed exploit children commercially raise special problems broadcasting systems regulate children programs considerable detail countries advertising children permitted federal communications commission singled children programming notice listed program types special public interest significance programming policy statement commission listed children programs types attention broadcast licensees issued specific rules television code national association broadcasters says broadcasters special responsibility children fcc statement guidelines place limitations advertising children programs result consumer pressures fcc later section late average commercial station programmed eleven hours children television week independent stations scheduled programs network affiliates concentrated children programming weekend half saturday morning animated cartoon block independents tended spread week manufacturers toys cereals candies main supporters commercial children programs spend order million television broadcasting oct represents percent television commercial revenue economic importance children programming enhanced fact scheduled times notably saturday mornings minimal reaching types viewers
incidents presidency richard nixon provide textbook illustration difficulty insulating broadcasting system politics depends government substantial economic support section communications act tries prevent political influence expressly forbidding direction supervision control noncommercial broadcasting officials government legal detail stop nixon administration manipulating public television ends pbs started beefing noncommercial network news public affairs programming hired known nbc news reporter sander vanocur paying high salary noncommercial standards sore point affiliated stations nixon administration white house regarding pbs network liberal wrongly objected intrusion political commentary national level administration attack began speech clay whitehead president chief telecommunications advisor scolded noncommercial broadcasters neglecting local responsibilities charging wrong headed ambitions create fourth network compete commercial broadcasting administration tactic driving wedge affiliates networks commercial broadcasting maneuver success commercial broadcasters effective public broadcasters network heavily dependent government funding noncommercial station managers felt resentful increased centralization program decision making level pbs corporation public broadcasting administration explicit message president nixon abruptly vetoed public broadcasting funding bill patiently nursed congress
areas local authorities banned regulatory policy role pay cable copyright late fcc asserted control pay cable automatically excluded regulation programming carried fees charged service appeal assertion authority upheld fcc regulation pay cable virtually eliminated pay cable expanded protected local controls federal agency longer regulate catch situation seen chief growth pay cable cable television systems odd position regards copyright broadcasters pay copyrighted materials form music licensing fees scriptwriter fees supreme court basing decision copyright law force found cable systems extension home antenna liable payment copyright fees broadcasters revision copyright law effective beginning changed picture section revised copyright act deals cable television secondary transmissions calls compulsory license cable systems cable system individually contract copyright holder station retransmission consent congress provided blanket permission form license subject payment blanket fee administered copyright royalty tribunal crt government agency set act specifically congress felt payment due importation distant nonnetwork signals crt administers collection subsequent division payout cable license fees copyright holders chiefly program producers holders rights sports teams
ftc settles cases alleged advertising deception stipulation informal saving getting advertisers drop objectionable practices voluntarily formal complaint ftc seek consent order nonpunitive measure advertiser agrees stop offending practice admitting guilt actual guilt proved ftc obtain cease desist order forcing compliance law orders appealed courts means considerable delay bringing objectionable advertising halt early ftc introduced penalty designed merely forcing false advertisers cease desist called corrective advertising required offending advertisers wished continue advertising products question devote future advertising budgets setting record straight corrective campaign occurred itt continental baking agreed begin month series corrective commercials profile bread company agreed devote quarter advertising budget profile announcements read part follows profile fewer calories breads profile ounce breads exact profile fewer calories slice sliced thinner eating profile lose weight reduction calories insignificant total calories balanced nutrition counts legal ftc require corrective advertising confirmed supreme court refused review lower court decision favor ftc case involved listerine mouthwash sold warner lambert
single important thing american television audience wrote paul klein expert network programming amazingly constant size term trends season tend turn television numbers apparent regard programs scheduled expressed terms famous marshall mcluhan matters medium message klein proposed terminology theory objectionable program lop half jokingly theorized stay station driven objectionable program find programs objectionable according lop theory stay tuned objectionable turning set entirely accounts wrote klein steady percent prime audience gathered networks eternal struggle networks percent share explains seemingly excellent programs fail put programs seemingly mediocre programs succeed oppose objectionable mediocrities reasons ratings data confirm audiences maintain size stability varying changing parts seasons constancy audience pool forces network focus programming efforts prying audiences loose counter programming strategies short rare program forges ahead virtue enlarging total sets figure succeed diverting existing audience members rival programs corollary phenomenon tuning inertia owner loyalty station network sheer inertia set turned tends remain tuned station
saw dependence music embroiled radio copyright problems birth broadcasting days creative relied protection property combination traditional legal precedent common law copyright statute dating law passed copyrightable materials consisted basically published works law prevented unauthorized live performance works act amended effort catch technology mere amendments cope effectively modern forms recording duplication distribution reproduction interest contemporary copyright owners congress faced rewrite problem problem give copyright holders fair protection stifling development communication technologies denying public benefits congress wrestled legislation finally passing copyright act effect act administered copyright office part library congress relevant key provisions act summarized follows constitution congress power enable authors profit works pointed copyright holders license works exchange payment royalties consists making public publishing performing displaying works sculptures choreographic notations computer programs copyrighted works traditionally copyrightable books musical compositions motion pictures broadcast programs things copyrightable ideas slogans brand names titles
factors subjective directly observable labeled intervening variables intervene messages effects varying effects according individual previously acquired attitudes traits experiences social situation intervening variables explain identical message effects war ii stimulated renewed interest propaganda studies team researchers yale university received government grant major research effort called program communication attitude change yale team conducted wide ranging series studies later summarized volumes general title american soldier hovland al task researchers study effects called orientation films army indoctrinate recruits research focused measuring attitude change type effect lent readily laboratory tests variety personal variables expected influence outcome persuasive communications studied yale researchers asked questions effective message source persuasive messages order presentation argument works ignore counterarguments campaign persuasion try refute difference group affiliations persuadability extent group decisions affect independence individual decision making yale studies ushered phase effects research according schramm estimate laid groundwork scientific rhetoric attempt set principles communication effects scientific terms backed scientific evidence
pointed discussing network affiliate relationship contractual ties bind affiliates television networks easily loosened affiliates profit obtaining programs sources practice shopping programs fill periods scheduled networks occurs infrequently networks provide affiliates attractive programming basis affiliates benefit instantaneous delivery timely program material permanent full interconnecting facilities arranged paid networks satellite interconnection cost efficient terrestrial microwave relays satellites distance insensitive relay stations cost reach affiliates reach connect points thousand miles points hundred miles public broadcasting network proved feasibility advantages satellite interconnection commercial networks reluctant adopt method saying costly present arrangements microwave interconnection atnt observers suspect real reason network affiliate relations affiliate installed satellite receiving antenna easily cheaply pick program feeds suppliers network tempted refuse accept low rated network programs order substitute popular programs program suppliers affiliates conveniently shop program materials variety sources difficult networks maintain stable schedules effects devastating important commercially unattractive public service programming mass audience notoriously unreceptive significant engrossing public affairs programs prepackaged entertainment values
central regulatory philosophy outlined radio deregulation order argument scarcity principle longer relevance saw chapter heavily courts relied past factor spectrum scarcity justify federal regulation broadcasting mean denying amendment freedoms broadcasters enjoyed owners operators media fcc considerable congressional support declares channel scarcity thing past growth number broadcasting stations air history regulation argument scarcity longer factor persuasive argument scarcity relieved abundant availability alternative channels delivering programs notably cable television arguments convincing looks simple numbers scarcity refers merely total number channels stations fact adjacent cochannel interference imposes limits number channels usable locality demand air channels exceeds supply heavily populated areas striking evidence continued relevance scarcity factor emerged fcc began processing applications class low power television lptv stations reviewing nearly applications fcc found virtually mutually exclusive spectrum scarcity choices competing applicants channels channels interference true cable channels fully equivalent air channels cable channels subsidized reach areas live reached broadcasting
light tight chamber drive mechanism feeds motion picture film reel past lens aperture reel lens focuses light reflected scene frame film mechanism moves film intermittently shutter admits light lens frame unmoving ready exposure standard shooting rate sound film frames printers exist designs consist light tight chambers drive negative positive roll film reel past aperture reel simultaneously roll unexposed film moves aperture intermittently continuously means lens light beamed aperture prints image unexposed film rolls film contact pass aperture simultaneously fig diagrams contact printer light coming original beamed unexposed roll lenses mirrors prisms optical printer fig drive mechanism feeds exposed developed film reel past lens aperture takeup reel light beamed images magnified lens projection screen mechanism moves film intermittently past aperture shutter admits light frame pausing movement effect occur film display frames shutter blocks reveals frame order reduce flicker effect screen standard projection rate sound film frames camera printer projector variants basic machine
cinema uniqueness rests technical social factors produce modes stages film production considerable implications study film art thing film classified basis assumptions produced think film relevant categorize distinguish documentary film fiction film basis production typically documentary filmmaker controls variables preparation shooting assembly variables script rehearsal omitted setting lighting behavior figures present uncontrolled interviewing eyewitness event filmmaker control lighting camera editing tell witness say act fiction film hand characterized control script aspects preparation shooting phases similarly identify category compilation film fact film produced primarily assembling images record certan historical evidence topic gathering visual auditory material archives sources compilation filmmaker skip shooting stage production simply assemble newsreel footage create film dossier subject television series victory sea war kind film distinguished features production animated film film record independent continuously existing stream action daffy duck mickey mouse exist filmed animated film produced frame frame images drawn film camera photographs series static drawings
spectator emotional response film related form seen cues artwork interact prior experience especially experience artistic conventions form artworks appeals ready reactions formulated emotions fear darkness heights stereotyped reactions images sexuality race social class form create responses easily harp formal conventions lead suspend normal sense real experience form lead override everyday emotional responses despise spellbinding characters film watch film subject repels find fascinating answer lies systematic quality involvement form wizard oz find land oz attractive kansas film form leads sympathize dorothy desire home feel satisfaction finally returns kansas foremost dynamic process form engages feelings expectation instance spurs emotion expectation happens invest emotion situation delayed fulfillment expectation produce anxiety sympathy concern suspense detective find criminal boy girl melody return cheated expectations produce puzzlement keener interest detective romance story melody gratified expectations produce feeling satisfaction relief mystery solved boy girl melody returns
narrative parallel juxtaposes kane political campaign runs governor attempt build susan career opera star case seeks inflate reputation influencing public opinion trying achieve success susan kane forces newspaper employees write favorable reviews performances parallels moment loses election inquirer automatically proclaims fraud polls cases kane fails realize power public hide flaws projects affair susan ruins campaign lack singing ability kane refuses admit parallel points kane continues kinds mistakes progression beginning ending citizen kane leads lines action seen thompson search key explain kane hand kane thompson visits investigation leads flashback look kane order thompson visits series flashbacks clear pattern progression flashbacks present events exact chronological order progress thompson moves knew kane early knew flashback distinct type information kane thatcher establishes kane political stance bernstein account business dealings newspaper provide background kane early success lead leland stories kane personal real indications kane failure
fact clue analyzing actors performances actor looks behaves manner character function context film actor performance behaved real person circumstances examples serve demonstrate acting styles exist appropraite context cinema styles en scene film strive resemblance realistic behavior attributing character behavior psychological motivation winchester james stewart plays driven desire revenge borders psychosis extremes gesture facial expression acceptable fit traits assigned character earlier film fig psychological motivation important film trouble paradise sophisticated comedy manners main concern broad character types comic situation fig rivals affections pretend friends actually wish trick exaggerated smiles postures amusing underlying situation performances perfectly style film comedy provide motivation stylization ivan terrible film heightens element music costume setting create larger portrait hero nikolai broad abrupt gestures fit perfectly elements create unity composition fig actor graphic element film films underline fact
film techniques en scene functions contexts pictorial functions minimum en scene shot graphic elements addition intrinsic appeal develop formal patterns totally abstract film john whitney permutations hans richter rhythmus present setting figure behavior highly stylized designs alternatively films seek represent dimensional objects space screen representational films en scene elements present identifiable locales figures costumes graphic functions en scene present saw examples wrath shot film examined set shapes tonalities movements space chapter show editing develop patterns shot shot narrative functions films graphic functions en scene accompanied narrative functions en scene obviously affect narrative film compare contrast locales identify salient characters follow developing actions en scene presents ask aspect en scene functions relation film narrative system specifically ask aspect en scene unifies narrative motif element recurs significantly film fundamental formal principles unity function similarity difference development en scene furnish motifs form film let look en scene function relation narrative system entire film hospitality films buster keaton exemplifies en scene economically advance narrative create pattern motifs
consideration film image emphasized spatial qualities photographic transformations alter properties image framing defines image attention cinema art space seen en scene frame mobility operate temporal spatial dimensions need consider duration shot affects understanding tendency consider shot recording real duration runner takes seconds clear hurdle film runner projected film consume seconds assumption goes film theorist andre bazin major tenet aesthetic cinema records real notes queries discussion bazin position noted relation shot duration consumed filmed event simple obviously duration event screen manipulated adjustments camera printer drive mechanism discussed earlier chapter slow motion fast motion present runner jump twenty seconds complex cases narrative films permit simple equivalence real duration screen duration difference story plot inferred narrative action presentation action introduces complications consider shot son past midnight seen family awake talking shot shows dim corner family apartment characters onscreen soon light sun rising end shot morning
part reason major film studios tout magic factories special effects cinematography demands complexity expense big firm support special effects rear projection matte superimposition procedures require patience rehearsal afforded control en scene surprise melies person exploit fully possibilities studio filmmaking excelled special effects cinematography surprising ufa gigantic german firm equipped film studio europe special effects processes started similarly hollywood studios grew special effects departments engineers painters photographers set designers collaborated contrive fantastic visual novelties magic factories history special effects firms motivated sheer curiosity costs elaborate projection matte investments expensive tricks saved money run building huge set photograph actors glass setting painted taking cast crew north pole film projection special effects film genres historical epic set rome babylon jerusalem unthinkable special effects devised create huge vistas crowds fantasy film panoply ghosts talking mules invisible incredibly shrinking demanded perfection superimposition matte processes science fiction genre simply exist barrage special effects accidental science fiction films produced newest special effects innovations metropolis schufftan process front projection multiple mattes
editing offers ways filmmaker alter natural duration story events presented film plot sample sequence true duration story events presented melanie act turning consumes length hitchcock alter duration event editing omitted duration event imagine cutting shot talking melanie standing shot melanie turned looking window took turn window eliminated cut editing create temporal ellipsis familiar film plot hours cover days months story cuts fades dissolves wipes crucial elliding citizen kane charles responds thatcher greeting merry christmas welles cuts thatcher older saying happy dictating letter kane seldom flashy ellipses abound films takes climb stair eat meal dressed dial telephone frequently abridged cuts fades dissolves wipes hitchcock altered duration action opposite expansion extended shot include beginning melanie act turning shown beginning turn shot prolonged action stretching past story duration russian filmmakers frequent temporal expansion overlapping editing mastered sergei eisenstein
purposes sounds considered organized rhythmically strong weak beats form distinct pattern move distinct pace definition rhythm combines features musicians distinguish meter rhythm tempo simple definition complicated fact movements images rhythm addition editing rhythm seen succession short shots creates fast rhythm shots held longer slow editing rhythm types sound sound track rhythmic possibilities independent gasping voice character lies dying slower rhythm voice racetrack announcer music obviously rhythms film finally sound effects vary rhythm compare plodding hooves farmhorse cavalry company riding full speed cases rhythms editing movement image sound exist separately sound accompanies movements continues cuts sound motivate figure camera movement exists potential considerable interplay types rhythm combination exists possibly common tendency filmmaker match visual sonic rhythms obvious typical dance sequence musical figures move rhythm determined music variation waltz swing number swing dancing astaire rogers moves quickly music fast cutting accompanies scene cutting dance scene consists single shot distance
sound motifs defiance prison rules fontaine handcuffs tap wall signal neighbors coughs cover sound scraping coughs signals fontaine defies guards orders continues talk motif involves nondiegetic sound film passages mozart mass music motivated clearly film narrative refers continually religious faith fontaine tells prisoner prays expect god help liberty pattern actual music clear heard credits music return action occurs walk fontaine takes empty slop buckets music plays fontaine commentary explains routine empty buckets wash cell juxtaposition ceremonial baroque church music emptying slop buckets prison incongruous contrast ironic moments movement important fontaine prison provide main means direct contact prisoners music comes times emphasizes narrative development fontaine meets wins support finally plans share escape music reappears fontaine makes contact prisoner blanchet orsini affect final escape later washing scenes music scenes fontaine contact cut orsini decides music returns orsini attempts escape plan fails able give fontaine vital information need attempt
combinatory method arranging action shot recurs parts film later sequence presents kane financial losses depression forced sign newspaper thatcher bank scene opens close kane manager bernstein reading contract lowers paper reveal thatcher older seated opposite hear kane voice bernstein moves head slightly camera reframes slightly kane pacing huge room fig scene single dramatic situation created arrangement figures image depth field lowering contract recalls previous scene real look adult kane thatcher puts newspaper concealed thatcher annoyed kane power defy thatcher gained control kane paces restlessly defiant stripped power inquirer chain similar device open scenes sets contrasting parallel effective moments deep space deep focus scene susan suicide attempt poison bottle glass spoon looming foreground hear kane frantic pounding door inquirer banquet leland bernstein discuss staff change kane approach journalism kane dances chorus background scene kane sits typing finishing leland review leland comes distant office scenes xanadu kane susan shout conversation opposite sides gigantic room fig
kodak introduced flexible film stock celluloid type forms base film stock today base camera mechanisms draw film past lens expose light creation lengthy series frames projectors existed show slides shadow entertainments magic lanterns modified addition shutters cranks devices early motion picture projectors final device needed films projected film stops briefly light shines individual frame mechanism create intermittent motion film marey maltese cross gear camera standard part early cameras projectors combination flexible transparent film base fast exposure mechanism pull film camera intermittent device stop film shutter block light achieved early inventors working independently countries developed film cameras devices showing films important firms edison america lumiere france thomas edison assistant dickson developed camera short mm films interested exploiting films novelty edison hoped combine phonograph show sound movies dickson develop peep show machine show films individual viewers kinetoscope fig edison believed movies passing fad develop system project films screen left lumiere brothers louis auguste
formal stylistic technological innovations french filmmakers hope films win popularity granted hollywood product impressionists fact operated independently formed small production companies leased studio facilities pathe gaumont exchange distribution rights audiences impressionism experimentation attuned elite tastes production costs rising impressionists especially gance prodigal result filmmakers companies business absorbed big firms behemoth productions decade napoleon failed recut producers arrival sound film french industry tightened belt money risk experiments impressionism distinct movement ceased influences impressionist form psychological narrative subjective camera editing continued operate alfred hitchcock maya deren hollywood montage sequences american genres tyles horror film film noir french impressionist filmmakers worked commercial film industry surrealist filmmakers relied private patronage screened small artists gatherings isolation surprising surrealist cinema radical movement producing films perplexed shocked audiences surrealist cinema directly linked surrealism literature painting according spokesperson andre breton surrealism based belief superior reality forms association heretofore neglected omnipotence dreams undirected play thought
contrary accounts film histories introduction sound technology ditch gamble bankrupt warner brothers studio sound burst unexpected scene fact warner brothers firm financial ground process investing deal money expand facilities holdings expansions investment totaling expansion studio sound system records synchronization film images fig shows early projector sound attachment means release don juan orchestral accompaniment sound effects disc series sound vaudeville shorts warner brothers began popularize idea sound films jazz singer part talkie silent scenes tremendous success warner brothers investment began pay success don juan shorts convinced studios sound contributed profitable filmmaking unlike early period filmmaking motion pictures patents company fierce competition industry firms realized sound system studios finally adopted compatible projection machinery set theater eventually sound film sound disc system standard continues present virtually theater america wired sound sound created setback hollywood film style camera put inside sound booth motor noise picked microphone figure publicity showing setup dialogue scene mgm film
teachers teachers greater number variety learning aids effective ways easily recognized barriers goal lack convenience lack skill cost materials preparation center part church library service help eliminate problems teaching materials preparation center area find materials needed prepare learning aids addition find help preparing obviously impossible ready learning aids learning situation wide awake media center staff excellent avenue service kinds production materials found sheets newsprint felt tip pens photocopy machines cameras photo developing facilities media center staff determine scope operation terms size resources need hesitate think big valuable service grow learn helpful today overabundance church quality suffers lack convenience leader preparing flipchart help communicate area convenient media center minutes chart place paper marking pens actual leader skill needed prepare material want admit inadequacy want obviously bad job
graphics photography basic areas visual communications graphics includes materials prepared drawn graphics generally term applied lettering artwork prepared direct viewing photographed cases dimension added graphics section basic entire book elements production procedures found graphics basic lettering included sections special applications specific media noted methods principles suggested section tried learned needed specific applications intelligent decisions concerning methods simple readily approaches graphics book assumption reader user specific artistic ability training artists benefit shortcuts suggested basic ways express thought visually words pictures symbols words present material logical sequence outline form quickly forgotten methods pictures communicate details quickly accurately words cases difficult find pictures pictures range photographs motion pictures television images simple stick figures symbols specific general meanings depending symbol background observer cross remind person crucifixion jesus person piece jewelry symbol membership group
leroy lettering equipment product keuffel esser company basic principle pantograph device point sliding channel point character inscribed strip plastic point ink reservoir making letter system versatile size slant letters adjustable device change templates speedball textbook pen brush lettering clear easy understand instructions freehand lettering wide variety styles techniques practice suggested practice care freehand lettering method speedball book opaque projector staples removed book pages lifted individually alphabet page opaque projector image directed smooth surface door projector moved letters smaller larger guidelines drawn lightly sheet poster board piece masking tape upper corner letter projected position poster board attached surface image projected letters traced lightly pencil letter traced masking tape carefully loosened door poster board moved letter positioned tracing letters traced filled felt tip marker medium
contemporary society complex function direct communication individual important messages effective reach consumer angry high meat prices talk half dozen neighbors organizing boycott editor local newspaper publishes letter consumer idea communicated hundreds fraction visit individually politician running senate spends visiting factories meetings shaking hands citizens hope winning votes candidate knows small percentage voters reached bought television radio deliver message thousands voters simultaneously mass communication process delivering information ideas attitudes sizable diversified audience media developed purpose art mass communication difficult face face discussion communicator addressing thousands personalities adjust appeal meet individual reactions approach convinces part audience alienate part successful mass communicator finds method expression establish empathy largest number individuals audience instances network television shows audience message numbers millions case weekly newspapers thousand need catch hold individual attention remains politician reaches individuals single television speech handshaking tours person mass communication failure feeling sincerity ability conveyed handshake smile projected air
information control practiced centuries realization knowledge vital social power control flow communication ability exercise power gate keeping sociologists point viewed simple exercise choice news stories editor accepting rejecting story part subsystem input decisions regarding information control include message selection shaping display timing withholding repetition study mass media social subsystems plays part study mass communications effects including agenda setting agenda setting leading area mass communications research basic idea agenda setting ability media influence salience events public mind part walter lippmann description pictures heads political scientist bernard cohen declared book press foreign policy press successful telling think stunningly successful telling readers think theodore white wrote power press primordial sets agenda public discussion major act american congress foreign adventure act diplomacy social reform succeed united states press prepares public mind press seizes issue thrust agenda talk moves action professors mass communication maxwell mccombs donald shaw offered scientific concept agenda setting function media emphasis event influences audience view event important
early nation types newspapers developing mercantile paper published seaboard towns primarily trading shipping classes interested commercial political news filled advertising columns reflected essentially business interest limited clientele subscribers number type political paper partisan appeal relying reader support acceptance views quality completeness news editors period put views news political paper deliberately shaped news fit views struggle adoption constitution establishment federal government party papers played key role federalist papers written newspapers york reprinted country largely alexander hamilton brilliant leader pro constitution party took series articles written mass consumption rank expositions political doctrine conceived hamilton party assumed control federal government hamilton directed editorial opinion federalist party papers helped establish dictated ideas editors jeffersonian opponents developed briefer argument form editorial writing ranged federalist side thomas jefferson personally sponsored poet editor philip freneau national gazette masters partisanship benjamin franklin bache aurora editors sides attacked biting sarcasm bitter invective political sponsors viciously treated climax bache accused washington front federalists nation debauched american nation debauched washington
key piece machinery makes addition computer cathode ray device called video display terminal vdt special electric typewriter keyboard supplemented command keys small television screen top reporter types story appears line line video screen pushing command keys writer move words screen inserts spelling corrections deletions story considered finished ready submit editors days big newspaper reporter called copy boy rushed typewritten page city desk wasn pressing reporter carried editor incoming basket vdt reporter pushes command button story computer storage memo content goes city editor video screen cleared reporter write story portable terminals enable reporter covering football game distant bureau transmit story directly home office computer storage editor ready story strikes proper symbol key vdt words screen editor keyboard story passed vdt screen desk copyeditor makes final check errors writes headline size column width headline striking proper symbol keys finally copyeditor touches key set computer dispatches story phototypesetting machine incoming press association stories flow directly computer memory bank similar handling
basic stories major news situations transmitted early cycle later developments occur story lead moved wire reports latest news situation ends transitional paragraph blends earlier dispatch place big fast breaking stories press association carry half dozen leads cycle edited compactly dispatch ultimately appears client newspaper reads smooth continuity segments leads methods press association clients constantly going press print situation press phrase popular united press international deadline minute major difference press association ordinary newspaper writing press association correspondent feeding latest developments spot story news wires immediately meaning ramifications fully disclosed newspaper staff correspondent called special wire services deadline digest consolidate information press association writers editors pressure consider amount background interpretation experienced press association writer weave fast breaking story remarkable press associates main trunk distribution circuits running country serving major metropolitan newspapers regional circuits regional centers serve smaller papers areas country editors control flow news secondary wires newspapers receive balanced menu regional news important national foreign dispatches
largest magazine publishers today terms total income started early appearance style news magazine corporation grew spectacularly picture weekly held top place magazines gross advertising revenue collapse held position surpassed tv guide publishes fortune devoted business sports illustrated ventures money discover weekly million circulation hearst magazine group affiliated newspaper publishing family empire group includes large profitable properties housekeeping cosmopolitan harper bazaar popular mechanics sports afield house beautiful group dozen publications lists magazines motoring medical leisure fields major groups include mcgraw hill trade publications headed business week mccall corporation mccall redbook meredith publishing company homes gardens successful farming johnson publishing company ebony jet tan conde nast publications glamour vogue mademoiselle house garden magazines sold principal methods single copy sales newsstands mail delivery copies subscribers trade publications distributed free charge controlled lists order give advertisers large audience products circulation costly complex problems magazine publisher faces copies issue distributed nationwide sale fixed dates week month copies unsold publication date issue comes discarded heavy loss newsstand sales magazines handled news wholesalers
fascinating novelty early radio grew swiftly essential element family listeners earphones brought programs meticulously moving cat whisker wire crystal sets homemade equipment broadcasting stations amateurish nights local stations remain silent listeners tune distant stations call letters stations east mississippi river designated start letter west mississippi pioneer exceptions kdka kyw chicago loudspeaker developed radio place living room assured families transported imagination places clever sound effects lone ranger tonto rode pursuit bandits hoofbeats horses echoed loudspeaker studio technicians drumming half dozen toilet plungers pebbles sergeant preston royal canadian mounties stalked killers snow dog king side listeners thought heard king heavy breathing actually heard actor panting megaphone close microphone network programming expanded listeners developed habits similar exhibited television audiences today planned activities home weekly broadcasts favorite shows set listen observations commentators emotional sufferings soap opera casts radio performers disembodied voices listeners physical features nationally known newspaper magazine publicity public appearances glimmerings radio future disc jockeys stations offered believe ballroom programs
conceive produce programs watch constantly spinoff possibilities taking character situation show building series programs character benson abc comedy minor role benson sardonic butler zany sexy series soap played effectively robert guillaume season star show major domo home bumbling intentioned governor highly rated laverne shirley spinoff happy days tv series derived popular movies characters settings series analysis listings discloses basis entertainment portions television programming stations consist predominantly game shows soap operas talk shows movies reruns network situation comedies cases independent stations show episodes series love boat episodes appearing network rarely locally created entertainment programs air degree networks dependent steady flow prime programs production companies evident prolonged strike actors forced nbc cbs abc delay opening fall prime season actors demanded received share steadily growing income producers obtain placing programs pay television videocassettes videodiscs sense networks victims success executives kind programming sells cares experiment daringly innovative program fails draw mass audience viewers advertisers turn rival network channels
young hoping careers television find areas air performing news entertainment programs production sales business management starting career small station essential competition jobs intense stations medium large size hire persons experience beginner shun opportunity appears menial job gettting job inside counts numerous high ranking executives networks started careers entry level jobs news department level small station beat general assignment reporter beginners air appearances news stories develop screen personality prove accurate dependable news director allow sit weekend vacation relief anchorpersons local news show top job news station held news director person makes assignments decides stories air study released radio television news directors association revealed women held news director job tv stations percent television news staffs employ women percentage female news directors rise growth experience news director desirable career goal applicant seeks position larger station videotapes air performances submits play critical part prospective employer decision nationwide study university illinois researchers disclosed broadcast newspeople change jobs frequently news occupation
federal agencies including internal revenue service securities exchange commission steps regulate advertising states begun tax advertising congress passed fair packaging labeling act covering food drug cosmetics packages department commerce program reduce proliferation package sizes truth lending act requiring disclosure annual interest rate revolving charge accounts permissible phrase easy credit ad specific language week introduced annual interest rate stated congress banned broadcasting cigarette commercials advertising industry sought forestall legal action tiered system regulation permanent professional staff working structure council business bureaus began receiving complaints public business monitoring addition national advertising review board created fifty persons including ten public members advertising connections designated consider complaints member panels country board considers complaints penalties imposed findings published legal complications arisen including lawsuits colorado louisiana chilled enthusiasm volunteers caused insurance companies withdraw liability protection advertisers industry continues support review system direct mail industry began cooperating postal authorities plan enabling recipients direct mail advertising names removed mailing lists guidelines ethical business practice industry established
persons tend consider public relations publicity synonymous terms obvious effective communication required initiate execute sound public relations program effective public relations programming begins establishment fair equitable policies management essence policies explained organization represent interested publics varying forms communication short communication explain policies actions management policies actions support words finally responses publics organization says reflected management recommendations adjustments policies operations public relations defined pr news weekly newsletter field management function evaluates public attitudes identifies policies procedures individual organization public interest plans executes program action earn public understanding acceptance recent managements tended look public relations executives continuing analysis social economic political trends impact operations business institution future problems avoided alleviated capacity public relations required evaluate developments areas consumer activism environmental protection movement government responses minority problems james fox york public relations consultant past national president public relations society america says public relations executive business lay claim title company futurist mastering calculus range forecasting economic indicators technological assessment social indicators political trend analysis
vein research focused role mass media communities editors broadcasters communicators act gate keepers deciding information community residents receive issues differences types information conveyed communicators small contrasted large communities study suggests editors smaller homogeneous communities tend avoid controversial issues concentrate positive socially supportive information editors larger communities organized interest groups mechanisms handling disputes distribute conflict information likely stress opinion leadership provided abundance information mass media technologies developing cable systems accelerating information explosion coping barrage selective learn things mass media necessarily things amount print media newspapers magazines books tend knowledgeable rely mainly radio television information adults suddenly full blown reading viewing listening habits acquire habits influence factors approach understanding development communication behavior called socialization research scholars try social origins processes learn maintain reading viewing habits sense turning question effects asking leads mass media researchers taking perspective found varying tv viewing patterns children family environments families children encouraged explore ideas express openly children spend tv pay attention news public affairs programs watch
assignment foreign correspondent newspaper news magazine network wire service dream young journalists previously noted assignments limited keith fuller general manager press ap correspondents abroad americans costs maintain correspondent overseas assignments unmarried persons require outlay employed media news bureau abroad encouraging trend major american newspapers send staff members specific overseas assignments lasting months costly assigning living quarters abroad persons opportunity reporting overseas extensive knowledge national history customs laws language highly desirable advertising public relations personnel natives countries regions richard christian president observed breed marketing executives emerging europe multinational attitude multilingual young students interested international communications careers type advised direct programs study obtaining substantive knowledge international aspects social sciences humanities business law areas closely related individual talents preferences choices numerous career objectives narrowed quickly orientation course international communications highly desirable graduate study undoubtedly asset necessity early career decisions applies languages students learn speak read foreign language depend later intensive study living experience country language mastery
mid living theatre appeared weathered threats existence legitimate professional theatres springing cities nation colleges universities constructed hundreds magnificent playhouses pouring millions support theatre programs professional dinner theatres found larger cities broadway commercial theatre rollin competition movies television stabilized family partnership cutthroat rivalry youthful rebellion subsided leaving residue fresh thinking techniques promised revitalize theatre shake ruts legitimate theatre threshold exciting period renewal fabulous invalid regained health phoenix miraculous bird egyptian mythology consumed fire rose ashes theatre alive living united states average american citizens regard theatre distinctly peripheral existence skeptical puzzled annoyed attention especially money lavished theatre universities foundations arts councils theatre matter entertainment skepticism justified finer moments theatre entertainment moments playwrights actors directors designers sought meaning existence passion sincerity characterized scientists philosophers theologians essence art theatre rests common foundation learning human capacity explore wonder reflect
greek tragic writers euripides expressions aeschylus wrote gods sophocles heroes euripides suggest basic differences euripides older masters relationship playwright environment apparent examples aeschylus euripides born wealthy fairly privileged family lived marathon athens young full hope euripides younger found started decline series tyrannies senseless war sparta eventually destroy athens doubt suffering skepticism early companions malcontent hopeless pessimist thinking person born film eyes felt simply freethinker humanitarian thrust war profit blind obedience intolerance rapidly gaining upper hand plays clearly reflect environment lived athenians brutal military expedition island melos successful battle slaughtered took women prisoners trojan women euripides depicted identical crime burning pathos generally regarded powerful attack hurled war outstanding plays euripides show close unmistakable relationship saw wrote plays runs thinly veiled skepticism gods disregard supernatural accidental fascination human psychological motives peoples acts
short step mystery play dealt biblical themes miracle play depicted lives saints apparently hundreds plays written survived plays gave playwright greater freedom mystery plays depict exciting scenes torture martyrdom verge secular romance religious purpose preserved device introducing saint virgin point romantic adventure perform miracle resolve tangled situation preserving spiritual moral function production type drama developed medieval period morality play familiar everyman outstanding everyman summoned death appeal vain fellowship cousin kindred goods strength discretion wits beauty knowledge desert reaches grave deeds frail true willing accompany plead judgment seat god surface allegorical form personification virtues vices abstract qualities stiff unpromising closer examination reveals morality plays step nearer true drama mysteries miracles challenge imagination playwright greater freedom dealing material comparatively unrestricted type drama developed middle ages entirely disappeared farcical interlude interludes grew moralities strolling players event represent important step history playwriting theatre emerged entirely secular devoted primary purpose entertainment
prolific writer american melodrama dion boucicault boucicault career began native ireland moved london wrote remarkable comedy entitled london assurance successfully revived london moved america finished remainder successful career actor playwright manager american melodramas octoroon play foreshadowed future touching racial problem treatment zoe beautiful octoroon ahead play belongs age features dastardly villain true hearted yankee noble indian savage solution murder means invention camera abundance scenic spectacle climaxed steamship explosion play flirts problem sentimental melodramatic manner hazel kirke author steele mackaye daly boucicault belasco theatre manager director playwright inventor setting hazel kirke england young lord carringford saved death rugged miller dunstan kirke nursed health miller beautiful daughter hazel pledged marriage likable middle aged gentleman squire rodney discovering hazel fallen love young lord dunstan flies rage disinherits drives home daring let aristocratic mother love commoner carringford marries hazel secret unknown servant arranged illegal ceremony
thing national dramatic ability nationality appears irish irish blood theatres england america loss staggering quick check playwrights considered reveals sheridan goldsmith wilde shaw boucicault celtic origin america discover including eugene evidence multiplied unnecessary interesting fact ireland contributed share dramatic literature plays written exile speak twentieth century ireland chronic poverty powerful church absence theatres offered encouragement playwrights change affairs result deliberate effort planning part small group artists set preserve irish culture leaders theatre concerned william butler yeats lady gregory struggles finally led establishment famous abbey theatre yeats lady gregory worthwhile contributions playwrights poetry keen sense comic caught native irish flavor lilt language feel land qualities common john millington synge gave irish theatre plays worldwide importance yeats usual luck intuition discovered synge paris irishman wasting trying french persuaded young return ireland irish synge lived bleak aran islands belief find meaning drama poetry turn urban civilization meaning harvest springtime death
social economic collapse depression generated search values found vigorous expression theatre altogether movement elmer rice maxwell anderson voiced grave doubts economy american dream prior crash searching inquiries later clifford odets young depression playwrights gain prominence won fame waiting lefty act play grew bitter taxicab strike york audience finds atmosphere conventional theatre tension labor hall characters rise audience voice grievances appeals tension mounts news comes leader lefty murdered hired assassins played depression audiences joined actors cry strike strike strike concludes play socially conscious playwright rose prominence depression lillian hellman success children hour deals unpleasant malicious schoolgirl drives teacher suicide ruins later plays foxes part forest concerned utterly ruthless predatory nature southern capitalistic clan hubbards toys attic studies effect sudden wealth members family won york drama critics circle award john steinbeck playwright depression greatest play mice goes social economic criticism found grapes wrath delves loneliness hopelessness wander western ranch
playwright thinker eric bentley brilliant job convincing popularity box office appeal inaccurate guides worth play unfortunately successful establishing alternative basis judgment bad judgment audiences scholars critics ages present dismal record critics agree basic fundamentals aristotle writing century sophocles masterly analysis critical essay poetics liberally interpreted famous establish foundation criticism things defines drama imitation individuals action divides drama elements plot character thought diction song spectacle finally establishes drama purpose tragedy purpose purgation soul tragic emotions pity terror volumes written principles present content paragraphs aristotle concept drama imitation individuals action vital importance action word lies core drama elmer rice points scene act play show actor director performer producer place emphasis seeing reading listening charlie chaplin mickey mouse conquered words tongue pen wise directors urge beginning actors concentrate action words words thing accomplished words trying accomplish play play presented stage actors tell happens show happens
faults system judge public newspaper critics theatre yield pressure turn exciting journalism sake editors readers balanced judgment sake players public mainly blame enjoys sweeping praise condemnation clear simple balanced judgment disturbing confusing public victim leveling impulse democracy extent share critic vision artist egotist needs knocked occasionally unfortunately promising young actors designers directors playwrights essentially shy insecure easily frightened harsh criticism especially rough young playwright feels hit home run bat shakespeare ibsen moliere survived present america early efforts ridiculed sensitive artists hope critics rare combination high standards knowledge theatre deep understanding human nature dedicated desire improve theatre student theatre hand students theatre adjusting attitudes realize theatre blows hot cold harsh words critic balanced extravagant praise friends relatives unjustly condemned play received praise deserved
thing happen actors catch fire spontaneous combustion happy instance director need merely guide stimulate players functioning wise critical sounding board words guthrie audience spontaneous combustion fails hope chosen words director ignite spark unconsciously felt director function things find wrong rehearsal point players fortunately timer set advice let em heads boys mind play yappin watch average rehearsal fill pages notations things wrong requires genius decide notations mentioned lumped basic principle illustrate effective bits directing fortune execute ago rehearsal abraham lincoln play week rehearsal cabinet scene outbreak civil war lifeless unconvincing listened scene usual anxiety past filled pages notes specific errors fortunately scene bad finally gave began asking lacking end scene stopped show discarded notes launched pep talk
applied nose putty foundation highlights shadows woman powder makeup fix hair adjust costume character age types artificial eyebrows wonders course accessories spectacles advantage eyebrows beards mustaches imaginable design added limitations inadvisable actor grow ordinarily crepe hair comes braided form unraveled dampened stretched remove curl strands shaped combed clipped glued face spirit gum job convincing close range auditorium generally color crepe hair selected essentially matches hair actor effect convincing colors carefully blended common change hair coloring gray dignified age white mascara liquid hair whitener ordinarily dried outdoor types cornstarch superior metallic powders sprayed lacquers employed gray hair transform actors blondes redheads brunettes occasions wigs women indispensable special techniques mentioned including collodion latex wax materials molding features fortunately interested art makeup learn deal simply studying richard remarkable book subject theatres rely services professional makeup artist order achieve degree skill element production actor problem
features typical elizabethan playhouse included machinery flying effects traps ghosts flag raised show progress devices sound effects including cannon fact shakespeare playhouse globe famous playhouses burned ground smoldering wadding cannon ignited thatched roof public playhouses popular theatres found england plays halls universities private indoor theatres apparently patterned outdoor theatres addition roof consequent necessity artificial lighting famous blackfriars theatre boy players st paul thorns flesh shakespeare companions finally court masques italian picture perspective theatre dominant form theatrical spectacles prepared designer architect inigo jones presentation court reign james reached extravagant heights lavishness costuming scenic splendor consider discuss scenic design italians building olympic farnese theatres english booming business wooden spanish crowding corrales plays lope de vega calderon spanish auditorium common elizabethan playhouse spanish native form courtyard corral english native form inn yard results similar series galleries surrounding level ground corral commoners stood
tendency imitate worst features broadway architecture dominated construction exceptions cleveland playhouse proscenium theatres combined single roof allowing served shops box office storage facilities common university iowa theatre iowa city included advanced features intimate seat auditorium continental seating rows aisles unnecessary stadium seating auditorium steep vertical slope large revolving stage resting independent foundation steel tracks enabled large wagons slide easily accurately position important campus theatres especially penthouse university washington discussed later theatres tended exceptions end war building boom unprecedented history theatre swept america result staggering college university america displays multimilliondollar theatre art center campus playhouses blossomed community theatres resident professional theatres high schools wise include theatres real theatres cafeteria theatres basketball theatres plants ironically area america lag york city finally joined parade construction anta theatre washington square vivian beaumont theatre lincoln center america passion playhouse construction bit overwhelming aptly harold clurman american theatre edifice complex
twentieth century primary quest stage lighting simply brighter brighter illumination scattered attempts achieve values serlio sabbatini experimented lighting effects inigo jones brought continental lighting england invented reflectors germany joseph furtenbach invented footlights david garrick introduced england century later part inadequate illuminants held lighting check end nineteenth century gas electricity opened stage lighting art sense possibilities sir henry irving lighted plays awakened interest steele mackaye lighting plans inventions ahead david belasco mackaye partner practical business sense executive ability enabled demonstrate actual production naturalistic lighting effects mackaye left paper dream stage belasco developed baby spotlight spotlight employing incandescent lamp carbon arc limelight predecessors light called baby small wattage incandescent lamps belasco brought stage lighting consciousness theatrical scenes naturalistic sunset sierra nevadas girl golden west especially reproduction japanese night sunset sunrise madame butterfly actors stood motionless music light held stage lights drama music lyrics song wrote factor enters play effective conveying moods feeling
sound music traditionally considered subdivision property department today modern sound equipment electronic care repair fall technician responsible lights lights sound drawn necessity careful synchronization sound effects mood music theatre drums savage ritual soundtrack modern movie auditory elements lent powerful reinforcement creation atmosphere historical record complete substantial turn expense account passion play mons find items large sheets bronze big copper tubs thunder included script delightful production note remind secrets machinery thunder barrels assigned instruction slips let forget stop god says cease let tranquillity reign read shakespeare aware importance sound music elizabethan theatre notes sound large percentage stage directions find solemn music soft music solemn strange music trumpets alarums drums trumpets alarums afar sea fight thunder storm thunder lightning sound effects mood music concerned radical change shakespeare twentieth century extreme reached case melodrama implies form drama threw stress music atmospheric element scenes love pathos villanious violent conflict
size quality importance american college university theatre movement unique impressive took place primarily quarters twentieth century factors stand responsible place american universities especially large supported universities founding liberal view higher education unlike european counterparts concentrated purely things mind american universities soon extended studies practical professional areas practical american view function higher education theoretically admit theatre area worthy study doors remained closed war sturdy academic pioneers george pierce baker alexander drummond edward mabie maud babcock began battling include theatre academic curriculum theatre productions theatre courses disguised english speech elocution began gain recognition war undergraduate majors theatre disguised speech majors common universities offering graduate leading ph finally opposition striking exceptions tended vanish theatre prodigal son showered buildings budgets staggered pioneers movement factor fundamental phenomenal growth campus theatres collapse professional theatres west broadway allowed student theatres move vacuum drove hundreds extremely talented women academic theatres talents carved careers professional stage
evening december limousine drew dakota luxury apartment building west street central park york city descended forty wife door heard call half turned struck bullets fired feet gasping shot staggered doorman office collapsed pool blood police arrived minutes rushed fifteen blocks roosevelt hospital pronounced dead spite desperate struggle surgeons revive entry grim crime statistics big city consider minutes radio television spread word country continents john lennon shot dead hours later thousand mourners gathered dakota singing songs adorning gate flowers pictures wife assassination president john kennedy seventeen spontaneous outpouring love grief response tragedy special character john lennon child broadcasting mourned generation known television infancy television intimate family member generation moments focus eyes babysitter set morning breakfast prepared school rushed home school afternoon programs stayed inside saturday mornings watch cartoons pled parents stay longer evening program
sound heard radio television receiver television picture seen home screen modulation kinds energy patterns existing sound waves light waves imposed electrical radio waves analogous situation archaeologist field finds ceramic artifact unusual shape remove country wants colleagues home study exact similarity plaster cast send messenger messenger arrives border countries told plaster makes wax impression identical shape original artifact point knows wax melt plaster impression plaster cast reaches home museum ceramic copy transportation pattern involved original ceramic plaster wax plaster final reconversion ceramic care ceramic copy faithful replica original transportation sound waves studio home involves imposing patterns media pattern sound waves studio imposed electrical energy radio energy electrical energy finally pattern emerges sound waves nearly identical studio singer performs studio song consists sound waves strike microphone serves miniature generator vibrations sound wave fluctuation modulation resulting electrical energy
mid importation reached level sophistication signals conventional television station atlanta georgia satellite relayed country installing earth receiving station cable operator pick atlanta station thousands miles deliver signal subscribing homes half dozen stations cable early called superstations program offerings differed nonnetwork schedules cable homes want catv importation operators provide pay cable service consists recently released movies nonbroadcast programs commercials subscriber pays additional fee method payment rental device similar subscription television mid home box office hbo major pay cable service distributing signals cable systems satellite fcc authorized extension itps concept private companies wishing communicate offices plants area category called multipoint distribution service mds potential utilized purposes hbo areas demands pay cable service homes wired cable hbo set mds transmitters offered install special receiver roof apartment house tenants sign profitable signals delivered rooftop antenna individual apartments wire substantial installation fee service individual homes fcc passed extensive cable regulations required systems major markets upstream capacity ability send nonvoice computer signal home cable system studio
radio today occupies unique role society attention level focused television lean heavily sound hours reserved full attention entertainment video traditional radio stations sought things today radio comes closer meeting basic needs companionship prevalent impersonal computerized television newscasts list major source news radio constant repetition news capsules makes feel going community individual radio station specializes high degree medium offers diversity collective stations society find seek listening pleasant radio receiver truly ubiquitous found room home cars bicycles sidewalk places business picnics outings vacation spots wants radio sounds boon teenager elderly twentieth century town crier local news source type music meets individual needs succeeding differences fm listenership diminished fm penetration percentage sets able receive steadily increased home studies showed fm share radio audience doubled percent top ten markets fm audience edged percent significant factor fm competing grounds advertising dollars lower percentage car radios receive signals
night night early days war ii edward murrow opened broadcasts bombed london simple london descriptions city siege reactions citizens influential bringing americans close londoners encouraging american support early lend lease aid england eventually country entry war dedication reporting shown disregard danger spoke roof broadcast house london bombs falling hitched rides allied bombers raiding deep europe death cancer universally hailed establish elevate standards broadcast journalism won nearly journalism award recipient honors nations universities ed murrow individual dignified stature journalism broadcasting mark prestige invited dinner white house ironically december japanese attack pearl harbor president roosevelt dinner table sending word murrow leave late night found talk america famous radio correspondent murrow death quarter century later left void american journalism feel filled murrow born north carolina moved family washington child phi beta kappa graduate washington college president national student federation assistant director institute international education
february group concerned parents boston area opened front war children television action children television act petitioned fcc rules regard aspects violence request broadcasters required provide specific amounts weekly programming children age categories major emphasis advertising directed children act claimed advertising exploited children sophisticated techniques youngsters developed normal adult defenses act especially critical trying sell cereals vitamins candy products affect children health concerned parents thought bad children want cereals loaded sugar vitamin pills tasted unconscionable turn children salespersons badger tease parents things parents feel inferior nutritional health values act asked advertising permitted programs designed children assumption request turned act demanded strict limitation number commercials program clear separation advertising program content group pointed children considered program host cartoon character member family object devotion inexcusable entertainment figure change roles tell children ask parents specific brands products news act petition spread tremendous outpouring mail parents groups complaining commission television fare provided children
communications act worded generally remain applicable times circumstances changed left interpretation fcc regulatory policy evolved commission felt need articulate thoughts broadcasters guidelines operate known examples discussed book blue book programming policy statement statements fairness doctrine statements fcc forming policy frequently confusing blue book strongly opposed part regulatory process provision communications act significant activity fcc beginning jawboning performs nab networks stations activity tends occur pressures concerned citizens reach point advisable short legislative action regulatory rule making summer act petition fcc rule making area advertising children programming attracting attention concerned citizens bringing pressure congress fcc seeking avoid legislation regulation nab changed standards children advertising consensus members congress commission action concerned early evening programming seen children contained sex violence early networks announced agreement family viewing hour hour network entertainment feed eastern pacific times programs viewing entire family allowed shown
petitions deny renewal assumed greater importance challenges seek incumbents licenses ucc opposed renewal wlbt dr parker request organization license simply petitioned license renewed significance wlbt case established principle members community participate renewal process longer fcc sit isolated chambers arbitrarily decide evidence incumbent justify failing renew license commission satisfy courts listened public decisions consistent public testimony brought open hearings commissioners quailed prospect hold hearings controversial renewals broadcasters realized hundreds thousands dollars fight petitions deny renewal members ethnic groups rejoiced permitted enter proceedings sensitive pressure points stations exposed petitions deny renewal poured commission community groups submit petitions deny renewal hope incumbent actually lose license petitions device bring station negotiating table agree programming employment practices resisted strategy submit petition withdrawn return concessions saving incumbent costs contested renewal examples illustrate kinds demands granted petitions withdrawn return incumbent concerned tv texarkana texas
local sales ways sell medical supplies industrial equipment offices phone calls customers travel city seeing offices knowledge sales technique ability sell important salesperson understanding broadcasting sales manager choose applicants identical respects successful experience selling shoes college completed college broadcast curriculum straight average job salespeople minute listing availabilities unsold spots station salespeople latest rating information indicating viewers advertiser hope reach spot course carry rate card contract forms challenge television salespeople today identical radio salespeople earliest days broadcasting objectives sell establish credibility advertisers business sell medium persuade potential customer television advertising buy salesperson criticizes competitor station saying medium buy partially lost mission making television advertising look attractive finally sell salesperson station persuade advertiser buy availabilities selling medium today easier radio retailers brought tradition advertising print newspapers circulars
network advertising limitations force virtually major brands nonnetwork advertising limited network television fixed length expanded newspaper magazine add pages advertising accommodated hours stations carry network feed accepted normal sixty seventy hours week number attractive locations schedule limited network programming carried typical affiliate falls prime commercial spots programs controlled stations network purchase comparatively inflexible noted desire networks sell annual basis limited number spots opening opportunity advertisers major schedules commercials week week network purchase flexible terms markets advertiser reach commercials networks affiliates country major national advertisers want reach viewers markets networks prefer sell stations package efficient business opportunity network markets limited network advertiser buys uniform blanket coverage country jobs brand advertising manager agency easier things true needs advertising week needs market unlimited rate availabilities networks
synonymous success television programming entered field audience measurement supplement market research services supplying clients today television nielsens account tenth company total business father danish immigrant learned speak english night classes business college married teacher later manager general accounting division quaker oats company born nielsen graduated university wisconsin highest grades engineering inherited father skepticism values advertising desire learn bought products formed market research company servicing growing list clients depression early staff forty employees reduced original started company danger folding business improving nielsen interested measuring radio audiences important clients spent researching method learning listening relying questions answers devoted pilot project installed audimeters record radio listening homes eastern central states homes sample coast coast measured listening correlating advertisements heard home inventory brands pantry bought network radio measurement service hooper system coincidental telephoning run known ratings companies
country remain democratic extent government responsive citizenry primary check elected officials ballot opportunity determine occupy local federal offices makes electoral process sacred american possessions violated impunity americans look potential impact broadcasting society turn politics campaigns franklin roosevelt radio appeal directly bypass printed press reported negative reactions reporters editors candidacies programs late running office radio clearly demonstrated medium critical today known radio television incapable converting vote committed individual candidate opponent broadcasting crucial factor determining outcome election broadcasting strength lies fact elections determined votes large numbers neutral preference close neutral radio television effective swaying presidential elections shift votes country produced winner millions apt swayed candidate employs makeup artist pleasing speech appropriately dressed candidates vote person barely point neutrality entering polls counts vote heavily committed
natural americans organize individual committee takes responsibility effort clear lines communication attempted person middle responsibility authority decisions fails lack interference foreign government bureaucracies failure understand principle assigning responsibility authority broadcasting visible official wants play role details country aid trying help broadcast training station provided united states newscasters received instructions outranked occasion directed king prime minister minister information director general broadcasting station manager news director situation confusing destructive consistent newscasting important wasteful policy making high officials concerned details neglecting policy nonexistent broadcast system raise quality conscious decision effect leaders considerable devoted planning policies implemented working personnel development likely occur countries concomitant problem fear middle level persons bureaucracy abroad specialized training obviously qualified opportunity seen threat peers superiors
complaint concerns degree broadcasters advertising pressures let dominated ratings complaint stems fact fairly distinct types viewers parts broadcast type tunes program show watches regularly consciously selected listed tv guide set type viewer tuned proper channel adjust receiver selective viewer broadcasters design programs hope attractive type viewer turns set habit looking television provide companionship relieve monotony watching tv making conscious choices programs explain viewers nbc program executive paul klein formulated objectionable program lop theory hypothesizes shift channels avoid unusually dull find especially attractive percent population type proportion higher important ratings figures statistical calculations makes difference set tuned program selective viewer wants tv watcher sufficiently bored change dial broadcaster expects top rating period week content share audience approximately equal competition broadcaster afford period dull drive audience channels
nearly criticism american broadcasting arises consequences country commitment free enterprise system communications media free enterprise seek profits closely related size audience believe broadcasters devised system foisted american public truth herbert hoover shaped system early concepts accepted congress passed radio act felt giving profit seeking persons companies public frequencies government quasigovernmental organization decide american receive hoover early doubts advertising wavered support system annual radio conferences constantly sought stimulate broadcasters sense responsibility today ask face question extent public responsibility inherent accepting rights free enterprise operation public airwaves insist broadcaster assumed minimum responsibility required law fcc extent accountability unsatisfactory level broadcaster decide important society improve stand deteriorate change start earn confidence consumer critics dealing complete frankness persuading interested points view broadcasters effort learn problems devote problems regulation competition broadcasters welcome resist pressures profession responsive society general
today phase toffler wave change office emerged setting relies electronic machine systems today office emphasis record form produced information emphasis machine system machine workers function produce product information lowest cost brought greater specialization office workers need administrative office managers broad knowledge understanding tools information technology improve productivity small large newly emerging offices wave older offices wave specific duties responsibilities administrative office managers differ basically general duties responsibilities similar functions principles effective information management presented book equally applicable small large offices traditional newly organized offices form group endeavor organization social club governmental unit educational institution business enterprise requires leadership direction levels order realize objectives achieve objectives organization firm managed functions management involve planning organizing controlling resources leading directing attain goal productive unified organization management task blend effectively manpower materials money methods machines morale order set achieve goals organization blending process charge organization greatly involved key elements directing marshalling economic resources including need control costs
contrasting organizations united states japan ouchi notes homogeneous structure japanese society encourages mutual trust cooperation turn collective enterprises large corporations flourish strong paternalistic bond workers firms japanese management practices transplanted american americans place high mobility cultural values receptive practice lifelong employment americans feel company change jobs firms united states characteristics theory organization theory practices techniques problem solving collective project teams reducing working hours employees recession permitting semiautonomous groups govern jobs improve productivity firms ibm intel proctor gamble packard general motors eli lilly honeywell aoms quest increased productivity office profit closely examining ways american japanese managers search means enhance quantity quality firms output durable consumer information aoms longer view human resources merely means financial end aoms redirect thinking implement concept workers involved jobs companies key increased productivity according theory formulated frederick herzberg associates result search conducted psychological service pittsburgh environment kinds factors hygienic motivator present
question raised form organization centralized decentralized clear cut answer question firms planned effectively operating advantages centralized decentralized authorities combined firm characterized centralized authority uniformity policy action reduces risk errors subordinates lack information ability utilizes skills specialized experts enables close control operations kinds firms likely benefit centralization intensely competitive early stages development product line organization hands original owner unlikely decentralize effectively hand firm characterized decentralized authority decisions speedily action spot consulting higher levels management decisions adapted local conditions generally deal interest enthusiasm part subordintes authority responsibility delegated decentralized organization top level executives utilize setting policies planning organizing goals firm generally degree centralization depends factors nature size complexity business products markets extent automated operations managerial styles competencies involved large diversified mature companies tend benefit advantages centralized decentralized authorities firms support services provided office clearly defined production distribution finance functions office diverse services telecommunications word processing mailing records management micrographics reprographics accounting
sources office personnel include local community agencies operated minority groups veterans organizations churches charitable organizations fraternal lodges clubs trade associations institutions rehabilitation physically mentally handicapped persons drug addicts prisoners generally agencies refer members groups charge applicant employer fee services rendered placing help wanted advertisements careful study profitable form advertising medium type position filled local conditions influence selection medium experimentation show satisfactory care exercised placing help wanted advertisements sure wording positioning advertisements conflict fair employment practices laws discussed later chapter discrimination statutes prohibit job descriptions advertisements show preferences terms race religion sex age respect age discrimination expressions young person youthful teenager college student retired person banned disadvantage placing help wanted advertisements newspapers large number replies received interview applicants method proves suitable firm personnel department adequately staffed interview screen test applicants source employees aggressive situations wanted columns local papers persons seeking position advertise talents availability listing qualifications colums firm obtains qualified employees referral present employees company officers customers care exercised referrals
result pregnancy disability amendment civil rights act unlawful employer fire refuse hire woman pregnant employers force female employee leave arbitrarily established willing able health care disability benefits provided employer pregnant employees sick disabled employees employers option excluding benefits program coverage nontherapeutic abortions employers elect exclude condition required provide benefits medical complications due abortion provided medical benefits extended employees non job related disabilities civil rights act equal employment opportunity commission eeoc created enforce law eeoc tries obtain voluntary compliance law court action injunction filed commission seek temporary restraining order preliminary relief preliminary investigation determines prompt action needed carry purposes act commission reach acceptable agreement party days commission file suit federal district court local law forbids discriminatory practices relief sought local law complaint filed commission eeoc institute court proceedings injunction reason believe person group persons complying law court finds employers intentionally engaged unlawful employment practice order employers stop practice reinstate employees pay wages action eliminate existing discrimination prevent recurrence
worker need feel important worthwhile recognized fulfilled high level morale established employees feel importance jobs firm explaining job showing employees efforts contribute attainment company goals helpful creating feeling importance recognition constantly stressed emphasized developing group teamwork poor supervision employees lose identity creates feeling lack importance employees feel lack importance inability express connection poor supervision evident public criticism employee playing favorites lack friendliness lack understanding basic human relationships exceptional length service recognized supervisor love affection need met exceptional concerned companies prefer pay bonuses established bases units produced saved firms merit ratings outstanding performance rewarded pay increase job classification promotion higher classification companies favor incentive wage systems scores basic types numerous variations piecework payments differential piece rates flat weekly sums piece rates length service recognized annual increase salary annual bonus graduated length employment combination businesses reward faithful service distributing company stock giving employees share profits
successful promotion plan definite systematic fair adhered uniformly basis promotion functional organization chart developed systematic job analysis chapter employee understand position line promotion requirements job salary promotion carry adjustment compensation minimum salary position classification rank promotion plan confidence employees provide promotions based objective data solely personal opinion assessment personnel department maintain current personal data bank employees files include information employees age education experience special abilities physical condition absences tardiness suggestions offered employee firm disciplinary action important periodic appraisals worker performance firms staffs incompetent supervisors managers highly successful previous nonsupervisory nonmanagerial positions undoubtedly persons gained positions result seniority personal loyalty firm superiors nepotism showing favoritism employment promotion relatives study organizations laurence peter concluded universality incompetence employees conclusion studies summarized peter principle states hierarchy employee tends rise level incompetence persons move level competence level incompetence promotion plan policy adopted firm attempt thwart rise incompetence prevent persons reaching position incompetence firm reexamine attitude rewards promotions
disadvantages weighed major advantage able obtain information rapidly means questionnaries compared consuming chore personally interviewing worker questionnaire method serve starting point job analysis supplemented means interview observation method interview method requires job analyst spend talking employee employee supervisor order gather information job method costlier questionnaire method types job analyses interview conducted employee station job observed methods obtaining job information purpose evaluating jobs interviews supervisor employee performing job commonly effectiveness interview method depends greatly skill analyst trained deal order receive full cooperation workers supervisors interviewed beginning interview rapport worker established put ease hesitancy replying questions asked acquiring information analyst maintain objectivity personal bias influence data recorded information recorded read employee confirm correctness interview employee supervisor consulted verify accuracy information obtained approach interview method job analyst holds conferences workers supervisors conference analyst records job information workers supervisors participate clarifying job requirements answering detailed questions jobs
point method subjective approach consistency results job evaluation methods subfactor clearly defined terms degrees subfactor divided degrees rater judge quickly minimize discriminations inequities job analyzed rated entirety independently wage salary rates rater influenced pressure unions workers management number points assigned job result equitable rating remains job changed bargaining wage salary rates easily accomplished job evaluation continues serve purpose measuring stick critics point method feel inflexible limited number degrees fact largest number points depends assigned highest factor degree feel point system elements factors degrees weighting requires deal develop personnel trained administer plan method uncomplicated rater educate employees nature job evaluation program means preparing employee information sheet describes method company job evaluation supervisor visits plant request union management conducts discussion sessions employees evaluation method fully explained deal needed install method large amount effort required company point method evaluating jobs sure plan complies equal pay act
small company om assigned responsibility authority administering employee benefits program chapter person responsibility personnel duties hiring employee relations training employee communications wage salary administration addition information management activities fact small firm om assigned functions undertaken operating departments medium size companies greater number workers payroll employ benefits specialist handle employee benefits plan depending person expertise call staff members consultants help specialized areas law accounting investments large organization director manager employee benefits assigned responsibility integrating management indirect compensation plans size firms line supervisors clear cut communication advisory responsibilities linking pin middle management employees supervisor communicates information benefits program requirements eligibility plan meeting downward responsibilities supervisor answering employees questions applying benefits pointing advantages disadvantages benefits employees part upward responsibilities supervisor advises middle management employee reactions existing plans interests benefits offered company fulfill upward responsibility supervisor determine employees needs discussed section firm seek employees opinions adopting benefit plan making existing program
prior election free discussion encouraged rules surrounding election violations constitute unfair labor practices percent employees voting choose join union labor oragnization certified employer bargain organization faith employees classified salary job list specific proposals covering related items wages hours benefits prepared proposals approved workers management presented suggested stage unionization process bargaining committee employee representatives business agent union meet management draw contract contract approved shop stewards appointed office departments grievance procedure established worker group request election held months election employees vote labor organization decertified eliminated employer request encourage recent multimillion dollar industry consisting consultants revolutionizing tactics unionizing existence consultants charge helping employer organizing campaign urge employers sure working conditions salaries employees urges unionize organizing campaign begin consultant advises employer steps create environment employees happier likely vote unionize union established management employees realizing objectives firm union attained harmonious labor relations
alcoholism progressive disease characterized excessive repetitive uncontrolled consumption alcohol disease cured arrested alcoholism social physiological problem considered psychological alcoholism ranks cancer heart disease mental illness america fourth major health problem alcoholic person powerless stop drinking normal living pattern seriously altered drinking alcoholics cost business firms billion loss production medical costs motor vehicle accidents estimated employees handicapped alcoholism percent problem drinker salary lost due ineffectiveness arising alcoholism alcoholism concern collective bargaining expected union management committees working develop rehabilitation programs alcoholic workers programs designed recognize alcoholism illness sickness company health insurance plans include payment bills hospitals detoxification drying centers rehabilitation centers counseling programs companies insurance coverage pays detoxification programs firms provide paid leave enable workers cure companies develop straight forward policy regarding alcoholism aim correcting behavior problems employees unemployable company look alcoholism disease affects employee output behavior firms instituted kind rehabilitation program plans operate lines step program advocated national council alcoholism education early detection alcoholic supervisor referral treatment center
data processed stored primary storage unit transferred arithmetic logic unit computation takes place common business data processing preparation hourly payroll application arithmetic processes logical processes comparing date earnings employees maximum earnings subject withholding social security tax purposes making comparisons key data items cpu test conditions processing follow alternate routes computer program discussed later section programming computer sequence processing steps cpu numbers appearing figure note sequence control unit supervises regulates computer phases processing operation computer data binary code decimal system alphabetic character special characters converted automatically binary code data entry machine storage computer system processing computer character called binary digit abbreviated form bit versions binary code computer systems discussed data processing textbooks technical manuals computer manufacturers figure points types storage computer system primary storage located cpu storing instructions data prior processing secondary auxiliary storage external computer cpu primary storage provided forms common core memory
probability sampling costs types quality control reduced quality control regulatory process actual quality performance measured compared standards difference performance standards identified corrected attempt recognize remove identifiable costs defects variations standards developed process operation check output billing clerks record errors randomly selected sample produced clerk sample size required give valid reliable findings statistically determined costly checking records avoided motion study primarily improve methods study determine standards relation measuring performance setting standards motion study study inseparable improve method introduce job difficult determine desirable procedures motion studies similarly gains realized method measured comparing values obtained studies motion study single operation series operations studied visually means stopwatch precise studies motion picture camera record human mechanical movements movements later analyzed order reduce operation fewest component parts elements logical sequence motion study standard determined turn basis determining fair standard adjusted explained later fatigue personal needs workers delays due machine difficulties
responsibility accounting accounting system means establishing control costs accounting system designed record accumulate costs timely reports managers supervisors costs responsible ability control costs budgeted range basis judging performance modern budgeting practice widely held managers charged costs control analysis costs behavioral patterns undertaken analysis costs classified fixed variable semivariable fixed costs related period tend remain unchanged volume business activity shown cost volume graph figure fixed costs respond volume level fixed costs represented horizontal line examples fixed costs rent expense office space equipment real estate taxes property insurance depreciation expense equipment administrative supervisory salaries period aom control fixed costs important controllable costs known variable costs variable costs change response volume business activity figure variable cost pattern passes origin point cost volume illustration variable costs respond direct proportion volume variable costs line slopes upward examples variable office costs include direct materials stationery supplies equipment repair maintenance expenses mailing expenses
reason charge laziness youths rejected protestant ethic sacredness thrift sinfulness sloth contributed establishment wealthy materialistic culture ironic adolescents reject materialism accused laziness suspect motives young complains thinks making money refuses sacrifice energy money father considered idealistic motivated higher values lack drive ambition generation parents worked hard lives confronted generation consuming youths known affluence material comfort learning meaning leisure frustrating adults raised sweat competition financial ambition young enjoying leisure today adolescents forerunners lazy worthless generation seeking establish workless society minority youths description applies mother describes college age sons dropped college home live working nights sleep hang house watching television worst part don contribute cent supporting don help house contrasted octavio seventeen hispanic youth mother needs money makes working wants stay school goes school south bronx works packing boxes perfume factory brooklyn
today generation youths grown affluence unprecedented history gross national product reached trillion dollars majority youths sharing benefits prosperity minority comparison poorer youths affluent refuse worry financially tomorrow money hand dad offer ample supply result generation richest born situation number important consequences today youths constitute huge consumers market business caters directly clothes cosmetics automobiles records stereos skis snowmobiles motorcycles magazines grooming aids sports equipment cigarettes thousands items hard sell attract dollars increasing numbers youths youths expect things marry largest single group credit buyers buy pay later generation save deprived credit card desired major segment youth culture status conscious prestige seeking culture today youths concerned job satisfy material needs times high unemployment students idealistic pragmatic security oriented emphasis winning struggle status position fulfillment chapter additional information families able struggle money status prestige poorer result adolescents feel abandoned rejected adolescents extremely poor families families tenth population nonjoiners school activities seldom elected positions prestige seek status antisocial behavior
adolescents expand social horizons education apprenticeship social groups friends contacts begin learn leadership responsibilities follow discover competing claims allegiance employer sweetheart parents friends demands result adolescents experience confusion relation authority listen follow give primary allegiance sorting answers requires examination personal values priorities conflict closely related construction ideology guides aspects behavior erikson refers struggle search fidelity erikson emphasizes individuals need believe join follow relate devote oneself individual able resolve conflicts firm identity emerges crisis past longer question moment identity subordinated childhood identity found identification erikson acknowledges finding acceptable identity difficult period rapid social change older generation longer able provide adequate role models younger generation circumstances adolescents reject parental role models turn peers discover peer influence opinion important adolescents morbidly curiously preoccupied eyes period compulsive group conformity means testing group expectations fit
important question help obese adolescents lose weight report group approach help significantly overweight adolescent girls showed mixed results ten girls aged twelve eighteen average weight pounds started program dropped initial sessions average net gain pounds month period stayed program months lost average pounds gained average pounds diets gained lost weight month period significant intense behavior modification program developed consciousness eating habits tried change helped weight reduction diets failed produce results effort illustrates difficult modify eating behavior established adolescence certainly approach parents develop moderate eating habits young children faced unacceptable obesity adolescence method devised overweight adolescents send residential weight management group camp tacoma washington emphasizes aspects nutrition education behavior modeling physical activity participants days follow studies months camp revealed permanent weight loss leading researchers conclude approach adolescent weight management therapy successful approaches treating obesity recognize multicausal problem comprehensive medical examinations elicit genetic metabolic environmental emotional factors reasons obesity diagnosed proper medical dietary treatments instituted
increase heart rate reddening eyes consistently reported physiological effects marijuana heart rate increase closely related dosage marijuana decreases exercise tolerance heart disease existing cardiovascular deficiencies appears unwise drug produces minimal heart function young healthy subjects clinical studies beginning point harmful effects marijuana lungs smoke stronger tars irritants regular cigarettes joint equivalent twenty cigarettes tobacco heavy usage period harm lungs animal human experiments suggest marijuana impairs lung function greater extent tobacco cigarettes direct evidence play causal role lung cancer tar marijuana tumor producing applied skin test animals exposure marijuana smoke lung defense systems bacterial invasion shown impaired marijuana intoxicant impairs memory concentration interferes wide range intellectual tasks manner impairs classroom learning student users adolescents excellent academic records heavy marijuana users begin difficulty completing assignments paying attention remembering read hear class find increasingly difficult read aloud speak class generally stop participating learning process group heavy users extremely tense restless loud class disruptive inattentive lost daydreams mindless staring frequently nod
numerous studies conducted investigate mental growth birth adulthood general mental growth curves drawn represent true course mental development actually records average performances groups individuals standardized general intelligence tests curves separate mental abilities enter general scores show varying forms mental growth curves individuals general curve predict growth individual individuals age vary individual adolescents age differ widely mental abilities helpful general idea progress growth figure represents average growth pattern typical curve mental growth accelerates birth early preschool grade school continues rise rapidly slower rate early late teens rapid increase growth growth begins peak mid twenties early studies mental performance begins drop mid twenties drop minimal forties steady decrease mental functions recently studies wide range adult populations continued improvement adults continued maintenance general intellectual level rapid decline intellectual functions age forty researchers frequently ask intellectual growth spurt pubescence accompanies physical growth spurt authors intellectual growth shows fairly steep rise early adolescence tapers middle adolescence generally rate growth gradually decelerate adolescence progresses
runaways alike numerous efforts classify according type motive simplest classification divide groups running running running adolescents tolerate home situation parents running adolescents pleasure seekers running places providing wide variety activities enjoyed running liked friends met return picked police discussion ungovernable incorrigible girls greene esselstyn outline distinct types runaway girls rootless anxious terrified rootless runaway pleasure seeker sought gratification dropped school quit series jobs drugs sexually active lavishly praised parents set limits family began frightened started set limits girl rebelled ran family imposed curfew rule anxious runaway multiproblem family household chores care younger siblings worry finances father home drunk excessively physically verbally abusive left temporarily hours overnight seeking talk friend mother terrified runaway fled father stepfather sexual advances invite friends stay home stayed avoid sexually abusive father helpful classifications roberts arranged runaways parent youth conflict continuum
according point view adolescent subculture emphasizes conformity peer group values contrary adult values subculture exists primarily high school constitutes small society important interactions maintains threads connection adult society happens children set schools extracurricular activities longer periods training segregated adult develop subcultures language styles importantly systems differ adults result adolescent lives segregated society establishes subculture meets peer adult approval opposite point view adolescents reflect adult values beliefs practices theory adolescent subculture segregated adult culture myth view substantiated number recent studies weinstock lerner reviewed series studies generation gap concluded strong evidence major discrepancies attitudes today adolescent parental generations analysis parent peer orientations adolescents grades twelve north carolina ohio revealed parents clearly important reference sources friends national survey youths ages sixteen twenty reported yankelovich revealed percent noncollege percent college population accepted kind conditional style parents society offered researchers compared parent versus adolescent political views period found generations moving closer
adolescents needs relationships share common interests grow older desire closer caring relationship involves sharing mature affection problems personal thoughts need close friends stand understanding caring friends share secrets plans share feelings help resolve personal problems interpersonal conflicts boy friend tell things tell understand feelings help needed reasons friendships crucial adolescents insecure anxious lack personality definition secure identities gather friends gain strength help establish boundaries learn personal social skills societal definitions help part larger adult emotionally bound share vulnerabilities deepest comrades hostile greatest problems adolescents problem loneliness adolescent girl commented lonely mom dad home lot brother older don common friends wouldn talk part youth lonelier older survey psychology today found percent age eighteen felt lonely
prevalent practice masturbation place lives today youths harmful effect sexual adjustment marriage term masturbation refers type stimulation produces erotic arousal arousal proceeds orgasm commonly practiced males females premarital marital postmarital states practice reaches highest intensity children age adolescence reported incidence masturbation varies studies study undergraduate students class human relationships sexuality university northern iowa revealed percent males percent females masturbated study eighteen olds revealed percent males percent females masturbated incidence masturbation higher homosexuals heterosexuals generally higher whites blacks conger writes tempted conclude masturbation occur commonly adolescents lacking outlets interestingly current masturbation experience contemporary adolescents times frequent engaged sexual intercourse petting orgasm sexually inexperienced practically competent health medical psychiatric authorities say masturbation normal part growing harmful physical mental effects interfere normal sexual adjustment marriage fact women masturbated orgasm marriage difficulty reaching orgasm coitus marriage masturbated orgasm
common assumption boys raised mothers lack effective father figure likely score lower measures masculinity unmasculine concepts sex role orientations dependent aggressive competent peer relationships fathers present younger boy separated father longer separation boy affected early older boy early effects father absence decrease late childhood lower class father absent boys score high father present counterparts measures sex role preference sex role adoption adolescence difference lower class father present father absent boys respect facets sex role awareness preference adoption effect father absence depends partially boys male surrogate models father absent boys father substitute older male sibling affected father substitute male peers especially older important substitute models paternally deprived boys young father absent male children seek attention older males strongly motivated initiate potential father figures effect father absence daughters opposite daughters affected young adolescence lack meaningful male female relationships childhood difficult relate opposite sex later case studies father absent girls filled details problems concerning interactions males
real problems disadvantages early marriage early parenthood majority teenage couples baby marriage series record linking studies correlation age marriage intervals birth christensen revealed younger brides grooms sooner started children earlier age marriage greater percentage brides premaritally pregnant ohio sample percent brides age baby marriage compared percent brides aged older utah ii sample percent brides age baby marriage compared percent brides older unfortunately married pregnancy poorest prognosis marital success study adolescent mothers found half marriages wife pregnant broke premarital pregnancy early postmarital pregnancy higher average divorce rate large numbers children early marriages grow secure stable family mother father apparently young marrieds mature assume responsibilities marriage early parenthood marriages fail children suffer adolescent parents begin children earlier age children study national sample thirty olds parents adolescents average nearly children remainder children average
occupations require aptitudes special abilities mechanical ability tests cover information required mechanics types gears kinds wrenches gauges strengths materials sizes fasteners aptitudes manual finger dexterity occupations require strength speed eye hand coordination spatial visualization require special talent artistic musical verbal skills fields require creativity originality autonomy require conformity cooperation ability direction possession lack aptitudes crucial job success possibility success training experience exact measurement aptitudes exact science determined likely succeed occupations fault lies generally tests droege gave widely general aptitude test battery students grades twelve graduation obtained ratings job college success predictive ability test proved low occupations clerk teller cosmetologist service station attendant insignificant relying aptitude tests counselors students instruments valid measurements aptitudes tested interest factor considered important vocational success theory valid interested likely succeed put aonther interests parallel successful field likely successful things equal vocational interest tests based principle measure clusters interests similar successful field predict possibilities success
large numbers low socioeconomic status mothers intact families part commitment apparently stable positive effect girls intact working class families daughters highly active engaging leisure activities achieving balance family friends independent responsible showing independence thought values generally rare girls tend develop autonomy assertion signs independence choose mother adult model show love respect parents douvan adelson write girls warm close ties families provide feminine model unusual energy independence responsibility modeling mothers develop autonomy grows identification independent mother encouraged parents implies rejection parents internalization values mothers full girls low socioeconomic status families show strong affection strong dependency mother show premature seriousness responsibility housekeeping tasks adolescents nonworking mothers show intense loyalty strong emotional ties family spend leisure family times find boyfriend emotional satisfaction family going steady effect maternal employment adolescent boys boys part working mothers working class group exhibit patterns resemble girls group active responsible mature sons full working mothers concerned financial problems feel mother working implies wrong father provider
study compared image indians novels novels ascertain change indian stereotypes recent novels older presented indian existed past indian characters wore traditional dress body decoration lived primitive dwellings weapons earlier period indian economy presented basically hunting fishing thirteen recent novels presented indians dirty smelly recent novels presented contradictory image indian dirty drunken cruel warring savage glorified noble naive savage points whites disrupted group patterns indians difficult adjustments indians opportunity adjust exterminated novels earlier period contemporary problems indian adjustment indian leaders today demand accurately indian males pictured cruel savage beatufiul indian princess white desire stereotypes overcome slowly indians making determined effort retain teach cultural values young clothing styles changed pan indian costume evolved indian women southwest retained brightly colored spanish mexcian shawls wear standard cowboy costumes effort retain native garb recent modern fashion influenced greatly indian apparel especially youths adopted indian headbands fringed jackets dresses beads moccasins
political generations americans fashioned franklin delano roosevelt depression war ii continued post war ii era changing rapid frightening roosevelt deal government promoted industrial growth economic security national industrial recovery act gave business badly needed boost maintaining free enterprise system social security act provide retirement security elderly employment act keynesian economics theory government spending support economy private enterprise political process realigned democratic majority supporting presidency franklin roosevelt power presidency greater roosevelt elected unprecedented fourth term popular presidents period war ii america victorious liberator europe asia rival power russia marshall plan aided recovery europe north atlantic treaty organization nato created united states nations western europe mutual protection attack hope russia soviet communism home americans prosperous content american politics disarray coalition fashioned roosevelt disintegrating power presidency attack keynesian economics working government grown size cost americans feel fact felt worse history
recently americans agreed harry hopkins idea government spend spend tax tax elect elect hopkins franklin roosevelt closest advisors caught words essence deal government active directing economy dealing problems foreign affairs national defense part deal consensus government promote equality government power tax purpose redistributing wealth nearly forty system government level grew grew number services provided end american involvement vietnam stagflation combination inflation stagnating production money began worth government needed collect demand services began grumble california june revolted margin california voters passed proposition required cutting property taxes percent mandated local tax increase percent happened oil crisis early added inflation escalating prices causing dollar worth government consumer needed money pay goods services buy order administer constantly growing number programs complained return local property taxes pay basic services schools police sanitation began rise sharply continuously economic blow middle class homeowner direct devastating
madison put issue power directly federalist combine requisite stability energy government inviolable attention due liberty republic form delegates labored hard set government rule effectively oppressively nationalists wanted strong central authority small states demanded protection states rights constitution tried balance power central government states unite national government thirteen separate states federal system constitution balanced powers national government separate related branches government legislative executive judicial constitution solve problem sovereignty states rights problem constitution expand powers national government giving authority operate directly states authority legislate affairs reserved masterpiece political engineering contradictory positions authority framers fashioned workable compromise federalism compromise thrust delegates debate sovereignty separation powers hand seventeenth eighteenth century political concept designed protect liberty prevent tyranny writings john locke french writer montesquieu spirit laws colonists took idea dividing power national government distinct branches legislative executive judicial delegates wanted power separated branch powers responsibilities branches separation powers constitutional authority branches national government figure
democratic government created citizens constitutional government protect civil liberties rights liberties rights considered basic inviolable individual fundamental liberties justice cardozo wrote palko connecticut categories rights implicit concept ordered liberty liberties implicit enumerated bill rights protected inherent ordered liberty need listed protected flow principle justice rooted traditions conscience ranked fundamental distinctive characteristic fundamental freedoms indispensible liberty justice courts give judicial protection parts constitution unfortunately justice cardozo supreme court articulated list fundamental freedoms court refused call liberties bill rights fundamental freedoms recent court spoken rights abortion racial equality free speech criminal justice preferred rights ten amendments bill rights justice cardozo speaking amendments added constitution fulfilling promise founders add protection civil liberties order secure ratification states bills rights constitutions absence basic protections national constitution caused distrust fear centralized power bill rights directed national government early nineteenth century case supreme court held bill rights applied national government governments
supreme court addressed issue abandoned direction memoirs required prove negative material utterly redeeming social california restaurant manager took offense marvin miller sexually explicit solicitation purchase books sued miller court ready abandon utterly redeeming social test allow states greater latitude regulating obscenity miller california marvin miller conviction upheld narrow vote court set test obscenity average person applying contemporary community standards find appeals prurient depicts describes patently offensive sexual conduct specifically defined applicable law lacks literary artistic political scientific court local communities apply community standards judging obscenity national standard commanded majority court adherence national standard inhibit applicability local standard court specifically faced issue rejected national standard favor local community standards note negative proof language memoirs absent miller utterly replaced redeeming social changed read literary artistic political scientific decision intended pave greater efforts local authorities exercise judgment controlling stream sexual publications films
political power involves trust easily abused founding fathers aware danger concentrating power hands government addition bill rights wrote due process protections constitution article section outlined specific guarantees amendment provided broader guarantees deprived liberty property due process law due process kinds procedural due process refers fairness laws enforced substantive due process relates reasonableness law substantive due process ancient concept rights government violate rights considered basic natural rights free early part twentieth century substantive due process needed protect freedom contract supreme court strike law impaired economic liberty property inviolable court accept minimum wage laws price controls regulations working hours working conditions legitimate interests argued contract impaired legislation reasonable relation legitimate end government health safety public stake court convinced sustain legislation depression deal court began abandon view today supreme court longer apply liberty contract view substantive due process economic legislation prefers think reasonableness property economic regulations legislative responsibility find relationship legislation public welfare court interfere
groups categorized countless ways classify headings occupational issue oriented ethnic religious groups principal function interest groups attaining material benefits members logical occupational groups largest category occupational groups dominated business labor agriculture professional associations exist business groups form oldest largest heterogeneous category groups national association manufacturers founded represents firms nation leading spokesman big business actively opposes labor promotes free enterprise addition large corporations maintain lobbyists corporations prefer retain washington law firm specializing lobbying look company interests small businesses belong trade associations join employ law firm washington business groups focus regulatory activities federal bureaucracy congress war ii national association manufacturers suffered decline membership represent big business report norman ornstein shirley elder diminishing membership accompanied growing aggressiveness political affairs chamber commerce broader membership represents local chambers commerce individual trade association business memberships total membership chamber commerce stands million budget million chiefly raised membership dues chamber standing committees initiate policy positions professional staff working committees seeks lobby government implement policies
technological sophistication costs money deal money cost elections soared presidential election primary contest general election costs excess million congressional races run millions money poll analyze issue trends voting patterns data processing heightened need machines notably computers provide detailed sophisticated information contemporary electoral behavior concerns targeted media campaign set motion radio television newspaper ads designed specialized effective communication techniques need political party process important effects personal campaign style decline presidential coattails elections advantage incumbency running election century pattern consistent election presidential candidates succeeded carrying congressional candidates party elections success congressional candidates president party declined regularity pattern impressive coattail effect disappearing congressional races insulated presidential contest average gain loss democrats forty seats net change severely diminished reagan coattails appeared longer took thirty gop house members twelve gop senators washington election saw shift house seats gained democrats incumbency increasing political asset political candidates due ticket splitting ability raise campaign revenue media political fact incumbents win reelection win handily
dealignment suggests decline partisanship change party loyalty realignment means alteration basic pattern support political parties minority party majority dominant party extended period periods realignment series taking place society sudden gradual evidence cited supporting movement realignment shifting social base political parties decline deal party system success ronald reagan conservatives ideological composition party coalitions changed commentators argue movement realignment taking place evidence mixed follows survey forces working dealignment realignment parties operating changed environment traditional view centrist accommodationist parties seeking build coalition capture majority electorate longer operative deal context politics coalition building parties moving center issues mattered parties sought nominate candidates appeal broad mass voters maintain politics accommodation consensus issues emerged important variable voters increasingly evaluate parties terms stand issues gerald pomper documented trend voters democrats liberal republicans conservative rise barry goldwater eugene mccarthy george wallace george mcgovern ronald reagan clear indicator trend rise issue awareness tendency voters choose candidates basis issues issue awareness voters rise ideological candidates issues significant force determining presidential vote
excesses presidential power brought americans profound distrust executive authority produced sense outrage uncontrolled government power general presidency evaluated light vietnam watergate institution growing power constitution adopted framers constitution uncertain regarding presidency monarchy articles confederation proved need executive problem confronting framers establish independent viable executive capable enforcing laws strong overpower branches government framers quickly settled single executive randolph proposed person executive council strong opposition elbridge gerry felt military afairs person executive prove indecisive james wilson thought plural executive fail provide energy dispatch responsibility office unity single executive safegurd tyranny framers rejected election legislature proved troublesome direct popular election unacceptable virginia plan provided president chosen electors selected congress tying election president congress ensuring executive accountability delegates proposed congress directly select chief executive finally matter turned committee proposed system election electors equal number senators representatives chosen key convention decisions proved decisive establishment growth executive power
interesting note vice presidents recently gained presidency death resignation lyndon johnson gerald ford able win presidency richard nixon reasons vice presidents president public desire change party lack active visible role vice presidents play administrations recent presidents undertaken find active roles responsibilities vice presidents lyndon johnson humphrey promoter society capitol hill humphrey acted liaison urban affairs nixon inclined put vice presidents agnew ford front lines political skirmishes partisan campaigner toiling nixon adminsitration candidates supporting administration ross baker labeled spiro agnew mario puzo theory vice presidency president godfather vice president button vice president knife crush garotte opponents president turns memorial services victim wearing carnation joel goldstein suggested model walter mondale vice presidency offered hope office recent vice presidents playing expanded institutional role including chairing commissions acting special envoys president serving presidential advisors mondale assumed role stature achieved advisor unprecedented vice president helped choose cabinet members influenced appointment ranking figures participated major decisions george bush appears enjoyed enlarged role reagan administration
approximately million americans rightfully labeled federal bureaucrats close percent civilian employees federal government department defense branches services largest employers post office veterans administration approximately million employees civil service system median level employment gs seventh level federal schedule ranges gs gs pay range gs ten experience wide range education skills required clerks typists high school educations research analysts doctorates bureaucracy diverse group employees washington largest concentration federal employees percent actually live washington regional field offices country civil service based premise similar employees performing functions treated paid regulations govern terms employment competence benefits behavior system partly result charles julius guiteau denied political patronage job wanted american consul france jobs patronage appointments political favors denial position angered guiteau took matters hands shot killed president james garfield guiteau action rising cry eliminate spoils system federal government congress responded pendleton act passed creating civil service system patronage replaced non partisan career employment system based merit civil service commission created recruit fill vacancies employment open competitive examinations
chief justice voted majority write opinion assign justices majority chief justice majority opinion writing task falls senior justice majority selection opinion writer crucial task building majority consensus difficult justice assigned task writing opinion writes draft circulated members court majority members suggest revisions writer tries accommodate suggestions juncture justices commit opinion write concurring opinions famous bakke case total opinions court justices present burger court served sole exception justice connor appointed serving brought justices closer issues recent warren burger court experienced plural decisions decisions fewer justices agreed prior history supreme court plural decisions cases decided controversial important faced supreme court involving public financing private schools reverse discrimination racial quotas sex discrimination makes plural decisions issue important court role resolving individual disputes mere agreement result needed majority rationale result supreme court abdicates responsibility institutions parties depending direction plurality decision represents failure fulfill court obligations
basic issues public policy governs political scientists divided practice exercises control decisions public policy developed macropolitical approches explain political phenomena control policy process institutional democracy elitism interest group pluralism systems analysis institutional democracy classical view power policy process policy formulated adopted governmetnal institutions legislatures executives courts bureaucracies institutional policy makers represent individually collectively representative institutions interest groups political parties elections means legitimating set policy makers hold power collectively exercise influence policy makers institutional democracy concerned formal organizations legal powers procedural process slight political realities power informal interaction participants government insists policies binding formal legal institutions adopt policies legitimate democratic context policy formulation open context agenda setting control exercise official policy makers elitism views public policy opposite perspective policy reflects values choices governing elite likely composed officially elected representatives likely reflect values large core elitism says public policy persons possess power position influence society public officials government agencies implement policies established elite
easy answers simple solutions america problems decision making necessarily confounded historic commitment values liberal democracy politics order attacked politics disarray changing expectations political institutions struggle maintain representative character basic values democracy equality freedom individualism remote today history expanded role government individual dependent government budget trillion dollars increased activity myriad areas remains opportunity individual reliance individual freedom equality depend greater greater degree government press issues thrust individuals exercise control inflation oil prices citizens turn government help seek personal security protection asking government protect individuals families achieved issues important politics resulting single issue politics development increased demands government demands conflict increasingly strain social fabric consequence traditional loyalties patterns behavior begun disappear political party support declining trust government eroding public opinion disarray climate changing expectations institutions government president congress courts seek renew redefine representational role democracy congress acquiesced presidency struggles redress balance presidential power strained limits limited losing vitality leadership courts find rule law called settle increasing numbers political disputes
human beings gather purpose accomplishing goal organizations born informal loosely structured characterized deliberate structuring formal division power labor authority nature scope seldom escape influence born organizations educated organizations organizations spend leisure organized activities organizations scarcely modern invention thousands ago egyptian pharaohs organizations erect pyramids similarly complex organizations plan construct universities churches factories hospitals contemporary society tendency organize create hierarchies basic human nature major human need food clothing shelter sophisticated values social belonging esteem finds greatest potential fulfillment context organizations doubt belonged number organizations part college activities part employment number variety importance organizations participate future increase summer flipped juicy hamburgers wendy months seeking position prominent accounting firm york organizational experiences important learn ways organizational researchers managers viewed organizations aware effective human communication makes organizations survive flourish provide background part presents framework considering communication behavior organizations emphasis evolving views organizations communication organization structure immense influence quality human interaction organization productivity satisfaction worker level hierarchy
organizations fail produce output reflecting goals say lack accountability organization accountable actually produce claims producing process transformation occur organizational structure automobiles exist steel rubber plastic changed workers machinery completed automotive product automobile represents design purpose reflects reason existence ford general motors likely transformed result educational experiences knowledge interests values career objectives altered substantially similar manner organizations smallest family business greatest international corporation input environment transform output accordance goals organizations interactive environments organizations remain open order survive organizations exist static systems healthy organizations remain reasonably balanced concept balance actually depicted model involves combination input transformation output variables elaborated organizations achieve balance importing export balanced system capable generating sufficient environmental input insure survival universities admit students graduate manufacturing companies maintain large reserve supplies essential raw materials anticipation inflationary prices goods organizations request government support actually need hope cuts able operate adequate funds figure displays broken line depicting boundary organization environment
learned network analysis organizations formal structure meets needs organization individuals informal communication network complement formal channels restricted overloaded informal networks flourish organization inherent movement coherence strain organizational unity formal informal levels complete unity achieved healthy organizations formal informal channels processing information social needs communicate fulfilled adherence formal communication channels initiate informal channels networks satisfy needs sense formal informal communication channels interchangeable complementary network orientation study communication organizations immense begin networks exist result communication flows analysis networks emerges naturally process orientation study communication fact network analysis focuses isolated communicator message source interpersonal relationships develop organizations networks clearly born communication process analysis mutual dynamic exchanges occurring individuals function daily organizations associate concept communication roles positions formal structure organziation organizations carefully communication roles played officers nearly top executive supposed issue job instruction provide job rationales explain organization policies communication roles exist informal level deeply embedded relationships organizations rogers rogers identified important informal communication roles exist organizations
section discuss aspects perceptions kinds information judgments process perceptual judgments form understanding aspect crucial development abilities perceive accurately judgments derived specific bits information obvious source information meet verbal behavior words speak encounters occur words exchanged words deceive tend rely heavily verbal behavior information person speaking source information prove unreliable look person nonverbal behavior cues accompany words speak operate place words provide deal information person nonverbal cues divided static dynamic characteristics static cues include facial features physique vocal qualities clothing elements person jewelry makeup hair style change slowly dynamic cues bodily orientation direction person facing physical location posture gestures facial expressions eye contact direction gaze tone voice rate fluency speech cues help form accurate judgments encounter context meet similarly influences perceptions research suggests meet pleasant attractive room react favorably individual meet person disagreeable setting impact surroundings generalize confront context perceptions influenced
things decorate bodies important communication organizations norms concerning clothing rigidly enforced executives wear coats ties female workers wear dresses suits organizations society clothing strong indicator status implications clothing status relationship apparent consider study conducted lefkowitz blake mouton observed conformity behavior pedestrians large city accomplice wandered city violating don walk sign street corners experimenters watched behavior pedestrians determine repeated consecutive days accomplice wore high status outfit suit carried attache case dressed low status janitor outfit results startling accomplice dressed street poorly dressed virtually researchers concluded status shown clothing impact ability influence category includes general bodily movements postures gestures facial expressions eye behavior things found influential communication studies bodily posture mehrabian found close relationship posture liking person confronting intensely dislike women tend look person person vary direction face looking squarely person looking dealing total stranger tend look directly person consistent results obtained males
stage called greeting pat dog head friendly recognition words pat contact exchange greetings serves tell person pleased contact relationships progress superficial level serve function exchanging greetings creates sense groupness feeling share environment sort social support minimal important function effectively organizations stage involves exchange cliches small talk superficial level move simple greetings discuss things common concern weather sports past experiences preceding stages extremely impersonal interactants reveal virtually express true feelings report opinions carefully tentatively offer information confident acceptable person stage groundwork subsequent relationship development social interaction extended periods parties office waiting rooms satisfying communicate need substantial interpersonal relationships stage begin making commitments agreeing things meet places spend important things occur stage clear person interested enjoy person company choose spend
preceding chapter began study interviews purposive form dyadic communication members organizations chapter apply general principles specific situations importance organization examine employment interview perspective interviewer applicant consider appraisal interview evaluate past levels performance outline future expectations study disciplinary interview employee fails live performance expectations reason violates organization standards conduct finally discuss persuasive interview interviewer salesperson seeks influence attitudes behaviors interviewee customer potential customer situation apply principles discovered previous chapter objectives present interview setting functions supervisor manager performs important selecting employees success organization success manager rest heavily quality hire vital able find indentify hire employees unfortunately employee selection complex hazardous tasks manager federal government developed complicated set rules guidelines designed prevent discrimination employment interviewer aware rules follow select employees applicant rules identify improper questions asked respond manner complicated selection process
critical part initial impression determined appearance stewart cash point philosophically wrong judge dresses fact desirable describe detail ideal attire selection interview interview approached intelligence common sense regarding sort image wish convey casual versus formal sort position interviewing assembly line foreman versus college professor kind organization represented interviewer industrial firm elementary school research development branch organization regardless specific garb chosen neat clean general doubt regarding attire err conservative side interview communicate verbally nonverbally body voice language articulate ideas subtly express attitudes reveal values aspects nonverbal communication apply communication encounter discussed chapter nonverbal communication serve reinforce negate thoughts actually verbalized evaluated manner walk slovenly aggressively aimlessly shake hands limply warmly vigorously sit slumped rigidly reasonably relaxed express facially darting eyes full open eye contact animated versus expressionless face move animated versus inert tense versus relaxed voice important vocal quality pitch audibility intelligibility expressiveness count language usage especially vocabulary grammar avoid slang normal vocabulary devoid attempts impress interviewer knowledge big words speak grammatically
disciplinary interview unpleasant experience involved father say son spanking going hurt disciplinary interview difficult supervisor employee disciplined interviews parts organization keys successful discipline promptness correcting problem preparedness meeting employee objectivity dealing situation equity meeting punishment consistency dealing situations individuals adhering key points disciplinary interviews help employees productive constructive behavior organization employment appraisal disciplinary interviews daily occurrences organizations frequently found type interview persuasive interview interviews occur setting members organization tire manufacturer tries convince vice president manufacturing assembly process changed members group hey bob want buy daughter girl scout cookies politic ing goes organizations occurs persuasive interviews formal presentations describe later chapters preceded private interviews groundwork presentation laid goals persuasive interviews involve change person playing role interviewee beliefs changed attitudes changed strengthened behaviors changed interviewer seek interviewee think previously thought feel felt going
obviously collection relevant information important equally critical interpretation evaluation words mere accumulation abundant evidence adequate preparation participation decision making discussion important analyze data collected general criteria processing information accuracy recency completeness reliability source criteria need applied piece information allow judicious evaluations basic quality evidence accuracy information related truth verifiability individual able research independent sources discover essentially information experts able agree major social maladies statistics describing attitudes american population specific issue relative consistency sources inconsistencies occur question accuracy sources strive obtain recent information significance recency criterion evaluating information depends subject discussed decision making organizations based recent data economic trends consumer demands productivity figures examples kinds data change rapidly sort information precise kind organizations base critical decisions seldom group member obtain existing information relevance group decision completeness strive obtaining complete information
phase discussion discussants carefully listen attentiveness ideas group members course common courtesy careful listening important implications effective functioning group listen carefully apt introduce irrelevant redundant ideas information able legitimately challenge opinions ideas lack supporting evidence uncommon hear sweeping generalizations discussions organization totally stifled bureaucracy public completely ignorant trying professors university interested research students head department real dictator statements sound bit brash impossible discern truth falsity basis generalizations discussant listening carefully quick probe evidence underlying kinds statements unsupported unchallenged statements pose threat validity group conclusions closely related notion challenging unsupported assertions important function asking clarification ideas evidence opinions unclear listener skilled pretending understand things part fear revealing ignorance occasionally lazy disinterested seek understanding unfamiliar ambiguous word expresses idea obscure fashion responsible intelligent discussant recognize lack comprehension shared group members remedied group judiciously continue finally group member strive concentrate substantive concerns
generally desirable sort conflict management kind attainment common interests conflicting parties sides involved conflict problems cooperatively problem solving approaches conflict management conflicts based misunderstandings lack information cooperative analysis situation confronting sides finding suitable solutions mutual understanding ideas process sounds ideal potential problems operate slowly conflict existed conflict damaging need quick solution method conflict stems incompatibility clash systems exaggerated resolved communication groups meet serve worsen situation situation cooperative problem solving meetings employing techniques discussed chapters group communication effective conflict management technique conflicting parties unwilling unable arrive resolution situation call neutral party assistance party supervisor conflicts employees upper level manager conflicts departments chief executive officer conflicts divisions government appointed mediator labor management disputes judge courtroom conflicts organizations party play roles arbitrator hearing sides issue makes decision parties live mediator tries facilitate communication parties problems arrive decision
rare occasions public speakers audiences personally sense presentational speaking situation advantage addressing small group makes individual analysis audience members manageable task smaller organizations decision makers daily working basis firsthand knowledge lacking belonging organization serves asset access information needed analyze audience judiciously let assume marketing analyst called present proposal focusing strategy advertising company major products let assume audience comprised organizational vice presidents head company marketing operation organization comptroller research director charge quality control based personal researched information discover decision makers continually concerned distinct issues members group equal terms authority important satisfy concerns influential persons group marketing analyst head company marketing operation personally professionally fact person asked create present proposal group member innovator concerned creativity originality engage moderate risk taking assure organization remains leader marketing innovations contrast company comptroller cautious conservative continually committed operating realm modest realism personally reputation conservatism known company
related issue sentence length modifiers specifically modifiers kinds modifiers english language comment define commenting modifiers include definitely modifiers tell try boost meaning word modify words selected carefully concern precision able stand assistance modifiers simply try meaning emphatic course modifiers essential tell need depending plan innovative costly outdated respond differently defining modifiers provide additional information noun standing convey add kinds unnecessary words sentences load prepositions conjunctions adverbs relative pronouns add sentence empty words concise need eliminate low information content lic words speaking writing table lists lic words phrases eliminated completely noting remaining modified enhancing intelligibility remarks straightforward sentences begin sentences accumulation clauses say try think expensive consider issue practicality look plan forward looking convinced plan outlined tonight pursue sentence constructed audience members persuasive point end
common deductive fallacy guilt association quality idea worth person program determined solely basis ideas persons programs idea demeaned rejected simply attributed source abundant research source credibility demonstrated quality speeches poems pieces art consistently judged highly attributed persons held high esteem judges poorly attributed low credibility individuals studies actual quality vary source product attributed real examples guilt association fallacy abound presidential campaign john kennedy attempted associate richard nixon republican candidates previous half century saying stand tonight woodrow wilson stood franklin roosevelt stood harry truman stood dick nixon stands mckinley stood taft listen candidates harding coolidge landon dewey candidates kennedy attempt establish common ideas programs principles nixon candidates simply names assumption operating substantial differences party presidential candidates considerable historical span certainly premise open argument fallacy deduction confusion definitions facts individuals arbitrarily define label group apply definition specific person assume factual description person important consideration course label definition basis reality
hypokinetic disease disease relates caused lack regular physical activity kraus diseases sedentary include coronary heart disease high blood pressure low pain obesity recent advances modern medicine effective eliminating infectious diseases degenerative diseases characterized sedentary easy living increased heart disease leading death united states accounting percent deaths cooper heart disease age percentage women stricken heart disease slightly lower turner ball percent americans considered obese pollock al low pain leading medical complaint feffer kraus apparently onset diseases begin youth fact american children score poorly tests physical fitness suggests future reduced rate hypokinetic disease culture scientific evidence including range study entire community shows exercise regularly likely degenerative diseases kannel fact death rate active approximately half exhibit inactive style fox adult americans advised physician involved regular exercise pres council recent study pres council shows percent americans believe regular exercise important health fitness half miconceptions exercise harris assoc
order muscle including heart muscle stronger greater normal load increase flexibility muscle stretched normal length increase muscular endurance muscles exposed sustained muscle normal atrophy resulting loss strength endurance flexibility childhood adolescence physical fitness aspects developed vigorous play activities youth sedentary adult special effort find activities overload muscles cardiovascular system threshold training refers minimum amount exercise produce gains fitness normal exercise improvements fitness illustration follows shows threshold training target zones physical fitness improvement fitness target zone begins threshold training stops point benefits exercise counterproductive shown illustration amount exercise develop aspect fitness amount develop aspect fitness part fitness threshold training target zone details specifics aspects fitness presented chapters exercise hard require exertion normal exercise significant length effective duration increases intensity decreased exercise performed regularly effective exercise intensity duration effective improving health related fitness performed regularly exercises specifically selected meet specific purposes
hypertension high blood pressure atherosclerosis arteriosclerosis coronary occlusion angina pectoris congestive heart failure prevalent forms heart disease evidence inactivity relate types heart disease boyer research relating inactivity heart disease occupational studies show high incidence heart disease occupations involving sedentary limitations inherent types studies findings occupational studies present convincing evidence inactive individual increased risk coronary heart disease studies physically active leisure reduced risk coronary heart disease exercise choose cardiovascular threshold training cardiovascular fitness target zones regular exercise reduce risk getting coronary heart disease evidence reduce symptoms disease regular exercise heart attacks regular progressive exercise effective prescription carried supervision physician percent americans participated regular physical activity percent american adults reported involvement regular physical activity harris assoc period incidence heart disease decreased percent heart disease present epidemic proportions experts feel increase regular exercise previously sedentary americans reason modest decreases heart disease decades term athlete heart misnomer
forty forty nutrients contained food essential body growth maintenance repair classified carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water provide energy measured calories food nutrition board national academy sciences national research council established recommended daily allowances rda nutrients help assure select foods essential elements classified foods groups included daily diet quantity nutrients recommended varies age considerations young growing child needs calcium adult pregnant woman needs calcium women bailey table recommended food selections health information food groups recommended number daily servings moderately active college aged woman needs calories moderately active age needs calories female athlete training burn male athlete training expend american alliance health physical education recreation bailey bogert al mayer weight remains optimum caloric content diet correct weight varies optimal caloric content diet need altered protein needs vary age size factors pregnancy balanced diet includes sixty grams protein minimum needed adequate recommended protein intake gram kilogram body weight percent total calories
skill related fitness consists aspects balance agility coordination speed power reaction aspects physical fitness necessarily person healthier possessing fitness aspects makes games sports improving efficiency society increasingly interested leisure recreation skill related physical fitness important living meaningful enjoyable individuals achieve skill related fitness potential succeed sports games regular participation activities lead improved health related fitness addition effort learn activities involving skill related fitness likely active sports games lifetime clarke harris assoc manual labor skillful performance improves efficiency ditchdigger ditchdigging skill energy mastered skill seemingly simple skills complex require proficiency skill related fitness aspects agility enable person dodge oncoming car balance lessen likelihood fall reaction decrease chances hit flying object aspect skill related fitness contributes individual ability avoid injury meet emergencies walking sitting climbing pushing pulling tasks require varying degrees skill related fitness improvement aspects resulting regular practice improve efficiency performing daily activities enjoying leisure recreational order skill improved repeated skill related fitness aspects power agility balance coordination enhanced greatly practice
principles body mechanics sports daily living sports require movements lifting pushing pulling reason selected principles body mechanics presented specific attention efficient sports participation regardless locomotor movement running football shufflestep boxing backward running defensive basketball general guidelines apply sports situations start quickly known direction lean direction anticipated movement rasch burke stop quickly lower center gravity bending legs widen base spreading feet lean direction opposite movement rasch burke wells lutgens move fast leave ground force move fast provided feet body part touching ground feet ground push body forward swimming hands feet water move body forward miller nelson moving circle curve centrifugal force counteracted leaning curve slowing increasing radius circle bunn wells lutgens person leaves ground path center gravity changed location center gravity body changed raising arms legs raises center gravity jumper hangs air jump shot basketball give appearance defying gravity bishop hay northrip al wells lutgens
president council physical fitness sports concern total physical fitness american developed program progressive exercise adapted specific needs individual sample program presented appendix details refer suggested readings xbx program program programs progressive exercise designed build total physical fitness plans originally developed royal canadian air force require eleven twelve minutes aerobics program originally designed programs developing maintaining physical fitness military personnel programs widely received public exercises progressive nature intensity exercise graduated according fitness level individual performing sample program presented appendix details refer suggested readings type exercise program pioneered dr thomas cureton university illinois person progresses rate ability low intensity exercise exercise higher intensity cureton labeled stages low gear middle gear high gear lesson begins introduction warm period main exercises tapering period involving deep breathing stretching massage rest continuous build speed exertion lesson low gear program emphasizes flexibility endurance exercises conducted slow pace middle gear exercises difficult exercises performed faster pace longer period emphasis flexibility strength endurance high gear program consists high speed exercises designed place greater demands body terms strength endurance flexibility balance speed power
recent research nearly americans physical education school percent school children physical education elementary school clarke evidence skills learned age twelve end sixth grade nash reason important children specialize activity early allowing concentrate learning activities school child learning read learn alphabet grammar child physical activity exposed fundamental activities early advantage lifetime activity adulthood adolescence hormonal occur promote dramatic increases cardiovascular fitness strength regular exercise boys girls improve significantly fitness age regular exercise adolescence social age sports sporting events provide social experiences sports significant part adolescent lifetime exercise adolescent encourage involved sports participant opposed spectator skills learned early adolescence lifetime sports skills refined adolescents acquire health related skill related fitness refine efficient sports skills adolescents exposed variety skills lifetime approximately million adult american women engage physical activity purpose exercise harris assoc exercise regularly lack fitness resulting inactivity makes feel unable participate
practical implications draw experiment mild exercise produce increases cardiovascular fitness researchers suggest exercise vigorous elevate heart rate minimum threshold exercise effective producing fitness optimal benefits elevate heart rate cardiovascular fitness target zone beginning exercise encouraged start threshold values gradually target zone exceptionally high levels cardiovascular fitness attained target zone higher listed chart need values presented chart purpose laboratory session help discover exercise elevate heart rate threshold target levels specifically help individual understand threshold training target zone concepts establish personal minimal cardiovascular threshold training establish personal target zone cardiovascular fitness determine specific speed jogging elevate heart rate threshold training target zones determine cardiovascular fitness threshold target heart rates age resting heart rate chart determine threshold cardiovascular training target zone find threshold training target zone chart select partner partner run quarter mile partner count carotid pulse heart rate end run try run rate think rate heart threshold training target zone
deep silence fell south carolina convention chancellor john inglis chesterfield arose address chair december fateful occasion history american chancellor inglis solemnly read ordinance drafted committee south carolina convention assembled declare ordain declared ordained ordinance adopted convention lord seventeen hundred eighty constitution united states ratified acts part acts general assembly ratifying amendments constitution repealed union subsisting south carolina states united states america dissolved convention cast votes yeas nays news momentous decision spread instantly mighty wave exultation city charleston convention held issue charleston mercury appeared miraculously streets minutes vote places business closed church bells rang glad tidings artillery thundered citadel palmetto flags unfurled burst houses ran shouting streets military formations paraded direction music lost clamor town mad release pent emotion observer later heart spoken ordinance signed evening dramatic ceremony institute hall presence governor houses legislature
presidential election nation divided spirit majority northern intended stop extension slavery south burned anger john brown raid eulogies rendered northern spokesmen remaining bond unity democratic party split asunder northern democrats nominated douglas president hershel johnson georgia vice president platform advocated leaving supreme court question slavery territories douglas explained famous debates abraham lincoln slavery excluded regardless court say southern democrats took constitutional democratic party nominated john breckinridge kentucky president joseph lane oregon vice president demanded congressional protection slavery territories members defunct whig party formed constitutional union party nominated john bell tennessee president edward evertt massachusetts vice president platform called supporting constitution union laws articles political faith exalted give offense passive win election republican party nominated abraham lincoln illinois shaped platform appealed element majority north advocated congress exclude slavery territories promised free farms settlers national domain west pledged federal support internal improvements including building railroad pacific called protective tariff benefit american industry strategy successful lincoln victorious support slave states won clear majority electoral votes nation
formation provisional government need urgent give unity seceded states precarious period permanent constitution written christopher memminger south carolina future confederate secretary treasury appointed chairman committee draft provisional constitution document quickly prepared february unanimously adopted truth statement participant provisional government sprang magic provisional constitution designed speed establishment interim government give direction writing permanent constitution assembled convention simply congress provisinal confederate states north america vote provisional president provisional vice president elected congress allowed vote provisional constitution government supposed endure inauguration provisional president permanent constitution government put operation difficult momentous duty congress election provisional president vice president south possessed sons count lay legitimate claim highest office potential candidates members montgomery congress present observers fire eaters rhett yancey chief contenders paternity confederacy illustrious georgians cobb toombs stephens outstanding political service united states government jefferson davis mississippi montgomery broad experience civil military administration marked exalted position confederacy
major features confederate policy fashioned davis administration beginning southern independence mississippian provisional president tide popular confidence ran strong core policy southern nationalism scholars explained result history davis product virile expansive southwest spirit sectional solidarity crystallized secession southern nationalism stronger rights davis strong attachment rights doctrines calhoun freely employed shaping political strategy south minority union practical statesman strength lay unity purpose action rights practice antithesis unity strength unity davis idealistically believed achieved coercion homogeneity interest policy feeling south free consolidated nation aggregate sovereign states fullest embodiment nationalism lay confederate army existence departure rights strictest sense initial inauguration davis coming war provisional congress begun fashioning national army construction armory gunpowder factory chief executive full accord program soon strengthened nationalistic character causing military contracts approved confederate secretary war position davis appointed leroy pope walker lean alabama lawyer fire eater walker ultimately proved unequal task directing military establishment southern republic conflict civil war
militant south carolinian antithesis moderation suspected wisdom motives southern moderates davis elected provisional president largely considered moderate persuasion rhett obsessed fear dread spirit reconstruction group saying suspected moderates hoping form reconciliation north rhett decade devoted southern independence opportunity achieve forfeited elected officials erred faltered rhett provide light strength carry goal davis rejected rhett admonition south carolinian turned fury administration rhett spoke south columns son newspaper charleston mercury advocating aggressive diplomatic military policy recognition england france secured offering commercial advantages fail coerced embargo cotton tobacco states north invaded immediately urged rhett premise initial victory spread demoralization induce recognition abroad summer defensive policy confederate government apparent rhett disapproval mounted rapidly soon spread aspects davis administration president advisers lacked competence management military affairs patriotism yielded favoritism caprice richmond autumn found rhett open opposition davis provisional government preserve appearance southern unanimity forbore oppose mississippian candidacy presidency mercury election
week passage conscription act brown wrote series letters davis bitterly denouncing act illegal intrusion rights states georgia stripped power defend consent commit policy judgment subversive sovereignty war principles support georgia entered revolution act bold dangerous usurpation congress reserved rights states brown wrote vice president stephens entered revolution contribute humble mite sustain rights states prevent consolidation government rebel till object accomplished matter power public addresses printed pamphlets brown restrained conscription violated constitution bordered military despotism charged convert free citizens chattels central government brown opposition conscription vice president stephens robert toombs brigadier general confederate army influential voice south lesser figures shared brown views stephens questioned constitutionality wisdom act passed conscripts battle horse goes home volunteers horse home drive hard hurt urgent measure confederate government muster strength defense south publicly challenged leading figures confederacy entangled bitter constitutional debate
davis unquestionably insisting decide issues strategy dispositon forces randolph attempting concentrate scattered armies western confederacy decisive blow invaders davis grasp principle continued regard departmental lines sacrosanct crossed save army destruction key fortress capture presently davis appointed james alexander seddon position recently left vacant randolph sedden frail cadaverous portrait black cap nearly resembled pensive jewish rabbi war choleric revel war clerk jones seddon looked exhumed corpse month interment secretary virginia planter aristocrat leaders secession possessed rare advantage close friend jefferson davis favorite davis implacable critics pollard richmond examiner rhett charleston mercury seddon belied looks energy imagination ultimately influence military strategy confederacy member government save president seddon analyzed keen insight weakness southern military position lee army barred eastern routes invasion west federal columns thrusting vitals confederacy capable general selected west full power coordinate desultory efforts forces area seddon influence president strikingly shown naming commander
davis personality ill suited role called play completely dedicated mission defeating enemy establishing southern independence tended regard personal affront criticism disagreement methods respect resembled woodrow wilson later era davis found impossible compromise principle increasingly identify opinion principle davis entitled generous measure charity shortcoming severely provoked indulge beset powerful relentless foe fettered practitioners rights mortal enduring serenity brittle captious jealously guarding minute prerogatives position times quarreling capriciously subordinates fellow citizens points military strategy foreign domestic policy official protocol clashes personality explained reflections nature southern society planters fancied feudal lords holding absolute sway manors minions experience bred exaggerated individualism expressed protest leaders united states secession authorities confederacy bitter pride slavery sown seeds discord statesmen soldiers south explanation vendetta egos councils southern republic unquestionably reduced military potency contributed destruction early war davis quarreled outstanding generals confederacy surprising view davis temperament background high estimate military insight
confederate statesmen turned europe diplomatic recognition assistance struggle north mindful french alliance essential success american revolution england france induced aid confederacy assured survival future uncertain diplomacy domestic statesmanship military strategy hung destiny southern republic foreign affairs south relied preeminence king cotton imperious sovereign admitted instantly council chambers treasuries arsenals europe thought confederacy foremost authority confederate diplomacy called greatest willingness south risk idea logic faith southern heard form lips englishmen americans economy england depended completely cotton economies england france dependent white fiber cotton textile industries europe america languish prosperity wither nations europe permit confederacy blockaded destroyed forced threat cotton famine extend diplomatic recognition succor money arms intervene american conflict oreder preserve source wealth traveling south william howard russell london times heard tongue england considered southerners mere appanage cotton kingdom declared sir south carolinian voicing general opinion shut supply cotton weeks create revolution britain
confederacy grievously crippled lines severed bent federal gunboats patrolled mississippi river cleaving south half isolated main seat war portion confederacy west river summer davis authorized general kirby smith commander trans mississippi department charge affairs civil military states command smith follow closely policies effect confederate states east river davis explained congress regular punctual communication trans mississippi obstructed render difficult compliance legislation vesting authority executive branch government trans mississippi department virtually autonomous southerners waggishly called kirby general kirby smith controlled impressment conscription confederate tax collection cotton exports transportation diplomatic missions mexico exchange prisoners war federals held southern louisiana northern arkansas towns states western bank mississippi river interiors states harrowed guerrilla raids unsuccessful northern invasions unoccupied enemy texas produced bountiful crops conflict traded briskly european merchants mexico texas war end hard money rest confederacy kirby smith supplied command purchasing impressing cotton exchanging arms equipment mexico trans mississippi department destined remain unconquered outlive briefly confederacy loss mississippi river denied main southern war effort resources southwest
legislators persuaded february enacted law requiring outstanding treasury notes exchanged twenty bonds bearing cent interest notes lower denomination payable end war ad valorem tax cent land slaves taxes varying amount wide assortment property assets including gold silver plate coin gold dust shares corporations bank credits additional loan authorized thirty bonds bearing cent interest congress lacked fortitude wisdom adopt full muscled tax law crippling provisions allowed agricultural tithe income tax renewed deductible taxes greatly reducing revenue tax land slaves based prewar valuation payable treasury notes currency funded primary sources southern wealth remained favored assets taxable depreciataed paper money called support share burden war measures early designed strengthen confederacy forced unhappy union president congress laws debated fashioned purpose reducing davis authority humiliating country congressmen talked elevating lee position general chief apparent preliminary senate passed resolutions praising virginian conduct military operations led foote house representatives assailed increased ardor competence commissary general northrop davis withstood attempts compel dismissal unpopular officer
mid summer war stalemated end sight grant casualties crossing rapidan fearful farther richmond mcclellan summer sherman lodged depths georgia possibly facing disaster southern morale rose faintly developments north filled despondency began urge peace price vital issue presidental election held north november democratic convention meeting chicago august nominated general mcclellan president wrote platform end hostilities seek reunion peaceable means confederate agents clement clay jacob thompson canada touch leaders northern peace movement assured southerners democrats victorious permit confederacy widespread demoralization north august lincoln wrote glumly exceedingly probable administration re elected true omens portended end attrition frayed armies confederacy sinking fast losses campaigns spring summer cruel replaced deadlier battle casualties internal wounds opened grant hammer strokes discord confusion mounted advocates rights unionism pacifism challenged efforts confederate authorities direct total resources land resistance death
governor william smith virginia took initiative urging legislature arm negroes avoid disaster january reply inquiry virginia lawmaker general lee wrote famous letter slaves soldiers unassailable logic lee pointed likelihood federal victory achieved part southern negroes certainly emancipation let governments forestall arming slaves foe let loyalty courage negroes secured promise emancipation southern independence achieved bitter course reasoned infinitely preferable subjugation forced emancipation davis turned support bill congress arming ultimately freeing negroes late february wrote daily evident reflecting persons reduced choosing negroes fight arguments positive advantages disadvantages employing question angry debate crackled congress south issue wigfall hunter senate foote house led opposition hill senate barksdale house upholding measure stark military necessity organs vituperation examiner mercury unsparing denunciation staunch supporter administration general howell cobb attacked plan pernicious idea suggested war began
century passed appomattox countless explanations offered fall confederacy south generally believed confederacy overwhelmed weight numbers generation northerners fought war convinced victory reward superior virtue writing abolitionist henry wilson saw god hand destruction slavery confederacy historian james ford rhodes thought telling reason northern triumph moral ascendancy abraham lincoln jefferson davis scholars twentieth century discredited traditional reasoning north south attributed defeat confederacy internal defects inept leadership nathaniel stephenson laid southern failure dissension union blockade later frank owsley convincingly expounded thesis seeds death sown birth confederacy principle rights american experience war ii enabled historians mid century apply concept total war analysis civil war view lincoln grant sherman emerge practitioners comprehensive superior military strategy lee fashioned general grant sherman modern generals today students confederacy suggest weaknesses fundamental rights defective political administration archaic military strategy south palsied say deep sense guilt arising sins slavery disunion belief confederacy defeated imperfections rests premise south possessed sufficient resources win war effectively inferior strength confederacy adequate defense north
elaboration confederacy weaknesses obscured formidable strength proportion population industrial resources wealth southern republic developed military power seldom equalled modern times provided soldiers confederacy fought harrowing war century western spite shortcomings davis led south unfaltering devotion courage fashioned lee jackson confederate generals inspired followers unsurpassed feats battlefield southern armies reached maximum strength troops present duty larger portion national population including slaves field notwithstanding weaknesses industry finance transportation south maintained soldiers civilians largely hands resistance determined overcome prodigious strife immense regions confederacy laid waste total war approximately southern enrolled confederate ranks conflict fourth died wounds disease killed battle relation number southern white service casualties endured major european participants wars twentieth century north civil war suffered commensurately lost american colonies revolt england lost united states war ii lost confederacy rendered heaviest sacrifice lives substance americans
educational psychology provide insight aspects educational practice offers important ideas learning influences learning families business industry community bears educational administration curriculum development counseling educational activities educational psychology book concerned teaching learning processes classrooms precisely deal primarily problems arise process teaching giving teachers say want applied directly help meet daily classroom needs discipline classroom control teaching methods skills differences learners isakson ellsworth let turn briefly ways educational psychology help teachers solve problems teaching grouped problems headings headings fit model instruction shown figure model applies equally instruction episodes short duration semester model shows teacher begins idea purposes objectives students helped achieve problem teacher choose objectives important problem student stated don wants tell wants learn choosing objectives teacher information ideas important characteristics students taught teacher problem understand students variation abilities strengths weaknesses stage development students words teacher treat re stupid teacher realize don
determine variable conduct experiment term experiment specific meaning synonymous research investigation study refers situations variable independent variable manipulated values variable dependent variable measured suppose exposed students explanations covering subject matter say addition simple fractions suppose measured understanding examination groups students conducting experiment manipulations variable explanation took place values variable amount understanding measured test scores values type explanation infer independent variable explanation produced differences dependent variable score conclude explanations caused differences scores educational experiment try students assigned randomly treatments studying balance groups likely advantage noted random assignment balances group variables affect experiment balance things infer causal relationship exist try design groups experimental groups control groups groups receive experimental treatment try observe pupils manipulate variables proper design try control factors mislead search causal relationships finally experiments statistics give estimates findings due chance possibly due causal relationship independent dependent variables
intelligence apparently nonintellectual components ability withstand stress distraction turn demands confidence emotional stability distinguish intelligence general mental ability abilities general include host specific abilities skills embraced concept intelligence abilities artistic commercial athletic musical social mechanical fall partly boundaries meant intelligence intelligence general pervasive importance human society inclusive omits important kinds ability capacity skill capability sternberg al asked persons studying college library entering supermarket waiting trains list behaviors characteristic intelligence academic intelligence everyday intelligence unintelligence found conceptions intelligence included problem solving ability verbal ability social competence concept everyday intelligence included character interest learning culture conception intelligence arises intellectual tradition developed nations tradition represent approach human learning instruction middle class segment industrial society learning takes place kind classroom institution called school education radically form conception intelligence relevant success american indian cultures highly skill required weaving education intelligence form cultures society children lack sufficient intelligence abstract problem solving kind needed succeed present schools approaches problem considered seeks raise kind intelligence kind treatment training
preschool elementary school teachers glance concern language development bilingual special minority group education programs exist levels schooling teachers need awareness implications education derived study language bierly public debate continuing controversy nonstandard english inferior standard english linguists think issue closed modern linguist found dialect language cognitive deficiency found language dialect accurate logical capable expressing thought feeling language dialect edwards rationalist position emphasizes surface structure phonological sound language speaker nonstandard english deficient question surface differences structural system language nonstandard english speakers educational economic implications social issue cognitive debate teach bilingual students social issue cognitive teachers faced students primary language english number non english speaking school age children communities surprisingly high familiar large native american chinese spanish speaking communities country tend forget sicilian greek settlements gulf coast portuguese enclaves massachusetts french speakers maine recent vietnamese immigrants samoans san francisco bay area children linguistic communities school mastered complexities native language
instructions creative affect creative problem solving experiment maier point knew creative problem solving lectured subjects reason presented tasks control group students instructions tried tasks difficult reasoning tasks required ability common things ways uncommon things simple objects clear differences emerged replication study gave similar results lecture points habitual ways things solve difficult problems problems difficult solved habitual ways handling problems person stay rut mind open meanings problem solver try locate difficulty overcome fails put problem completely mind seek difficulty solutions problems suddenly forced problem solver mind open spend unsuccessful leads maier problem solving research students creative solutions problems primarily teaching things inhibit creative solutions teachers alert opportunities provide environment elicits creative behavior reward behavior occurs create opportunities creativity schools despite stated values schools anticreative actions occur providing helpful hints beginning teachers authoritative manual recommended ready minute class johnny busy cook interesting ideas fit class situation hunt
soon federal laws promoting mainstreaming effect studies pointing problems began linton juul found indications social acceptance increased slightly exceptional children mainstreamed classes acceptance absent severely impaired mildly handicapped children achieved mainstreamed special classes chances failure greater competitive environment regular classes normal children classes exceptional students normal children share teacher attention exceptional students exceptional children accepted socially regular students social acceptance depended part achievement exceptional students achieved normal students regular teachers favorable attitudes mainstreaming special education teachers felt untrained teaching exceptional children curriculum materials inadequate exceptional child required amounts kinds attention teacher unable provide schmelkin compliance law complete lack funds facilities teacher training meade noted wrongly interpreting act strictly mainstreaming law administrators simply placing retarded learning disabled regular classrooms considering legal requirements met iep individualized educational program developed put effect exceptional student research mainstreaming limitations lacked clarity program specifics took inadequate account variations school contexts lacked control groups inadequate definitions exceptional child inappropriate tests
nonretention form inability retrieve information ltm result interference information attempts recall previous information caused quick decay memory trace stm case remember lack retentiveness functional natural universal teacher specific facts teach forgotten reality situation guilford provided graph figure show retention kinds material nonsense material ability recall words declines extremely rapidly minutes say don teach nonsense words school realize terms algorithm mores evolution radium quadratic sonnet encounter merely nonsense words students note considerable declines retention occur material factual prose poetry data forgetting provided tyler measured kinds knowledge skill college students immediately months course zoology figure shows data correct naming parts animals increased course percent gain lost examination gain ability ot identify technical terms percent lost mean scores test dropped form percent percent months data students ability apply principles interpret experiment show loss show gain single lectures contrasted course loss retention week interval remarkable
sad learn observing social spend errors attempts acquire knowledge skills attitudes culture fortunately learn approximately correct responses friends parents teachers observing behavior consequences behavior areas vast repertoires potential actual behavior learned observation process analyzed social learning perspective theory states phases learning models attentional phase retention phase reproduction phase motivational phase phases shown schematically figure noted discussion information processing model learning attention learning observational learning models obviously condition found attention models high status high competence expertise teachers thank goodness perceived attributes likely attended solving column addition problem decoding word phonetically demonstrating field hockey pass proceeding steps required identify wild flower dissecting frog examples common teaching activities evident deal learns school acquired observation teachers teachers command attention perceived status competence expertise students learned teachers reward punish attending nonattending bubble gum teens prestigious models attended fervor national fads
students motivated attend colleges personal values match structure college student orientation pervades campus likely find changing values adapts community lives newcomb found evidence shift attitudes result liberal college environment opposed conservative attitudes freshmen arrived values attitudes subject similar shifts values reflected changed behavior patterns student attitude consists feelings conceives thing attitude involves emotion feelings directionality objective cognitive elements student conceives object student likes arithmetic means pleasure involved activities represent arithmetic likely seek activities positive attitudes held attitudes motives arouse direct purposeful activity student aspiration hope longing kind achievement level aspiration student try effort students aspire school college reasons found home backgrounds previous successes levels aspiration mobilize direct activity goals incentive student perceives capability satisfying aroused motive draws action aimed acquiring incentive student motivated curiosity understanding knowledge incentive
difficult say lecture method intriguing question lecture method persisted despite shortcomings evident centuries answer found administrative factors learning teaching factors lecture method cheap number students teacher extremely large lecture method flexible readily adapted short notice audience subject matter limit set equipment lecture method adapted teacher schedule degree printed programmed teaching materials allow teachers plan ahead sufficiently materials run duplicating machine sheer inefficiency human kind prevents teachers putting paper getting printed exactly selection ideas sources hitherto unprinted form wish present teaching method adaptable disappear favor methods require rigorous planning usable kinds groups subject matter intervals equipment projectors books audio video record players computers lecture method teacher students kind reinforcement educational procedures teachers rewarded attention receive students lecturing effectively professor art wrote enjoy lecture method dramatic presenting largest number students critical distillation ideas information subject shortest bigger class perform intellectually teaching share lifetime looking loving art
topics differ controversiality topics informed person agreement teacher function students arrive position held informed persons discussions noncontroversial topics aimed merely knowledge understanding objectives topics discussion method teaching topics advantages gained students arrive noncontroversial correct position social processes discussion form presentation reading hearing lecture seeing film working consider topics longitude latitude sixth grade geography meaning atomic number high school chemistry proper form sonnet assume topics noncontroversial dealing discussions students practice expressing clearly accurately hearing variety forms expressions idea criticizing evaluating successive approximations adequate statement discussing longitude latitude stab re straight lines earth surface divide surface small sections things lakes cities located discussion follows students turn point lines straight sections vary greatly size combination longitude latitude defines point area section ideas accumulated arranged class coherent correct treatment topic similar examples offered discussion group teaching deal meaning atomic number form sonnet
helping achieve educational objectives general individual instruction serve objective teaching students learn independently educators realize students eventually able learn learning learn regarded major objective students able continue learn left school ideal recognized ago herbert spencer wrote education process development encouraged fullest extent children led investigations draw inferences told induced discover humanity progressed solely instruction achieve results mind progress fashion quoted dale taking account individual differences purpose individual instruction providing practice directed independent study purpose leads tutoring computer assisted instruction purpose helping student independent learner leads programs independent study guidance teacher independent study performed mature scholars scientists journalists creative workers students major purpose increase ability responsibility education teacher reduces number class meetings exerts control thinking student student teacher relationship student pursues course study research bonthius davis drushal directed study formal course structure preserved teacher students major change consists reducing number formal classes attended student gruber weitman
addition ability achievement tests teachers schools standardized tests measure characteristics kinds tests called noncognitive realize virtually impossible truly noncognitive test weiss recent classification noncognitive variables interest teachers proposed messick twelve areas identified include attitudes interests motives temperament social sensitivity cognitive styles values instruments assess characteristics students lies scope course book intended deal called noncognitive variables teachers closely school psychologists counseling psychologists measures temperament cognitive style attitudes values needed hundreds standardized tests published prospective user bewildering array choose user kinds problems criteria bases choice applied obtain information standardized tests applying criteria questions answered individual teachers committees teachers school district appointed recommend standardized tests district teachers aided school psychologist technicalities test construction case teachers job look find selecting standardized tests aware criteria selecting standardized tests discussed scores textbooks monographs decades list based popham center study evaluation cse presented checklist form figure
evidence gathered weighed ask report students parents students future teachers employers student student parents look records notes student finally address issue criterion norm testing approaches lead substantially reporting systems evaluating students teacher hardest tasks teachers want friends counselors students shrink task standing judgment students roles friend judge seen incompatible sensitive teachers find marking grading painful responsibility join critics grading marking advocate abandoning formal evaluation procedures schools designed transmit values society classroom teachers agents society judgments concerning students school behavior achievement degree represent considered important desirable society schools set regular procedures communicating teachers judgments students student concerned persons judgments making decisions past performances alternative future courses action tests kinds observations serve evidence teachers base grades marks summary evaluations representing teacher judgments help identify strengths weaknesses students
efforts constantly aimed improving marking reporting practices cooperation teachers students parents school administrators elementary schools parent conferences increasingly supplement information presented report card report cards designed grade levels cards present behavioral objectives aimed curriculum area student evaluation pass credit options trends keeping goal marking reporting system communicate judgments teachers students communication students parents emphasis grades society important teachers process grading sriously teachers hesitant grade err side leniency students deserve benefit doubt imprecise measurement instruments importance attached grades need humaneness grading process norm grading overwhelming fewer moral dilemmas arise criterion standards criteria success clear cut grading marking reporting systems abolished carefully thought humanely applied grading reporting serve purposes punitively give rise anxiety stressful competition reliably applied tied defined levels achievement modified determined objectives thought learning considered individual differences intelligence motivation development instructed fine manner evaluated instruction obligation
feel style essential cure prevent environmental ills needed ideas energy important going decision process involvement needed soon actions resolve environmental problems cases action demanded problems severe thinking person expect wait change style improved philosophical framework discovered vinyl chloride certainly responsible cancer deaths industrial workers government officials moved swiftly reduce amount chemical workplaces prohibited products sold general public case vinyl chloride included hair spray food wraps similar case present danger california health officials tried reduce level smog los requiring special air pollution control devices automobiles sold california smog caused mainly automobile emissions worst nation low level mixing air los unbelievable crush traffic city freeways measured experienced smog los feels level high health convinced walk carpools public transit smog reduced wants wait taking action style accomplished control actions technical offering quick results tried public opinion public health demand actions deal clear cut environmental problems sought achieved political bureaucratic framework unlikely change future
factors clear illustrations figure place distinguish gross net productivity gross productivity total amount organic material produced plant photosynthesis period part plants respiration amount left net productivity actually measure important figure net productivity trophic level organic material completely consumed trophic level rule primary consumers utilize primary production reasons primary production simply tropical rain forest instance primary production leaves tree canopy high forest floor largely unavailable browsing animals reason dry cold seasons create variation primary productivity cold dry primary productivity drops number animals live primary production governed availability food worst times simply animals ecosystem high productivity effect partly offset migrations consumers areas productivity high portion food actually eaten animals turned flesh eaten trophic level food digestible part energy food digested maintain normal vital processes finally processes energy transfer efficient energy lost heat explained later
understand influence happen population future let note age ranges children childbearing age knowing size total population important knowing younger age groups older age groups longer likely children older able affect future size country population age group developing nations larger age group country total population grow group reproduce basis order total population stay level today parents average fewer children couple likely situation feel reproduce china attempt foster child couple policy runs directly counter feelings successful remains seen future result age structure existing today population programs started lag result stable populations true programs immediately successfully implemented calculated united states population stabilize reach population growth fertility rate slightly children woman
africa fertile uncultivated land lies areas infested tsetse flies transmit trypanosomiasis sleeping sickness breeds cattle tsetse fly controlled large areas conceivably restrained future experts caution clearing planting grazing land lead severe erosion desertification problems care plans clearing lands farming put food production experts direct collision course concerned preserving endangered plant animal species south america africa large part land farmed forest cover habitats large numbers animals larger numbers plant species concept preserving wide diversity species comes conflict vision providing food human populations increase land food production desirable species protection edged picture acres fertile farmland fall victim suburban development problem examined chapter humans looked oceans vast reservoir food waiting technology harvest turn tasty dishes reality form declining fish catches complete collapse fisheries caught notion seas hold finite food resource overexploit resource appears commercial enterprises longer worthwhile species driven extinction protein harvest sea sustained basis
water surface reservoir water underground aquifer likely quality surface reservoir water sediment picked river filling reservoir sediment particles settle bottom reservoir depending water detained particles remain water drawn human remove particles common filter reservoir water prior organic matter removal oxygen likely present surface water arisen municipal agricultural discharges nitrogen phosphorus compounds enter surface water sources algae find reservoir environment inviting find nutrients sunlight need growth reservoirs receive fresh sources pollution water reservoir drinking water fully treated treatment required remove undesirable tastes color odor water clear free hazardous chemicals destroy disease causing organisms reservoir water destined human consumption fully treated united states filtration excluded occasion surface waters clarity dangerous step exclude water drawn aquifers hand likely clearer water surface reservoirs especially aquifer drawn extensively depleted water aquifer likely higher content dissolved minerals algae sunlight illuminated water water reaches aquifer likely filtered thick layers soil bacterial viral content likely lower surface reservoir water
environmental protection agency began study drinking water drawn city orleans lower mississippi river smelled tasted fishy oily source problem fairly clear number petroleum chemical coal tar products industries discharge wastes mississippi surprise epa report problem stated chemicals wastes industries responsible tastes odors orleans drinking water report noted chlorination drinking water adding problem chlorine form disinfect drinking water react natural pollution related organic materials form chlorinated hydrocarbons chlorinated hydrocarbons known cancer report issued aspect problem caused greatest controversy chlorinated hydrocarbons organic compounds found water supplies survey municipal drinking water plants chlorinate water chlorinated organic compounds levels parts billion found finished water plant chemicals found included chloroform carbon tetrachloride known carcinogens experiments showed chemicals carcinogenic doses chloroform carbon tetrachloride higher humans drinking orleans water problems involved deciding low levels water hazardous explained chapter unlikely stop chlorinating drinking water risk incurring epidemics waterborne bacterial diseases typhoid fever viral diseases hepatitis polio focus removing organic compounds drinking water
embargo meteoric price rise results reduced energy base industrial enormous energy base developed countries reality global resource situation brought squarely issue energy resources happened deal sooner predicted reason cartel raise price oil high quickly cost finding producing oil industrial higher price producing nations charging oil room price increase short term industrial nations option pay price oil discovered produced quickly place oil cartel drastic price rise illustrates classic argument resource economists economists resources actually simply costly substitute resources begin found resource economists envision resource consumed additioanl quantities difficult suppliers find continue sell resource profit increasingly costly find produce supplier charge higher price price resource pushed higher continued gradual depletion users interested seeking substitutes costly substitutes replace original resource widely resource displace whale oil shale oil coal oil examples energy resources earlier eventually displaced cheaper substitute oils light lamps colonial days middle
coal reach destination impact environment coal move mine point ways train barge slurry pipeline synthetic natural gas electricity recent unit train train devoted exclusively moving huge quantities coal needed coal fired electric plants coal moved barge portion trip mine plant recent development coal transportation coal slurry pipeline system mixture water crushed coal pumped mine point finally energy coal transported converting coal synthetic natural gas sng directly electricity coal fired generating station train transportation coal harmless activity glance trains move existing lines rail networks established accepted fact vastly increased movement coal impact coal car open car dust coal scattered trains pass communities dust affect settles air megawatt coal fired electric plant coal requirement equal tons metric tons coal quantity delivered daily single unit train cars coal trains moving enormous distances contracts completed sale montana coal power plant padaucah kentucky ohio river detroit michigan lake huron coal wyoming sold power companies illinois indiana coal production large
fossil fuel power plants emit pollutants nuclear power plants emissions fossil fuel power plants include commonly known chemical air pollutants emissions nuclear power plants radioactive elements radioactive elements stem entirely fission process elements products fission process include radioactive forms krypton xenon cesium strontium iodine fragments resulting fission uranium fission process supposed confined interior fuel rod defects rod metal shell allow fission products escape water core fission products water primary loop treatment water produces solid liquid gaseous wastes gaseous wastes nuclear plants include radioactive forms gases krypto xenon nitrogen plant discharges gaseous wastes tall stacks allow substances widely dispersed total amount radioactivity discharged stacks pwr bwr water circulates core fission products metals shell fuel rod metals radioactive struck neutrons fission process water leak pipe seal joint considered radioactive waste cautiously handled disposed liquid wastes practical purposes water radioactive substances dissolved suspended water liquid wastes treated remove substances solid gaseous wastes created mentioned gases vented tall stacks solid wastes low level radioactive wastes encased concrete gallon metal drums shipped special sites burial
hydrocarbons released sources methane gas present naturally atmosphere due emissions coal fields gas petroleum fields methane emissions stem fire emanations methane arise swamps methane typically react atmosphere methane background levels reach milligram cubic meter presence concern appears harmless concentrations hydrocarbons concern mainly products activities civilization annual emissions hydrocarbons stem motor vehicle operation cars hydrocarbons evaporated carburetor fuel tank escaped piston compression important incomplete combustion left unburned hydrocarbons droplets gases exhaust stream sources hydrocarbon emissions control vehicles significant quantities hydrocarbons enter atmosphere transportation activities smaller sources hydrocarbons petroleum refining petroleum transfer operations levels photochemical air pollution follow closely pattern automobile morning evening rush hours peak emissions nitrogen oxides hydrocarbons occur substances react produce photochemical air pollutants nitrogen oxygen unite high temperature combustion fuel automobile engine produce gas nitric oxide enters atmosphere hours level nitric oxide air decreases substantially period decline level nitrogen dioxide rises peak later nitrogen dioxide level declines concentration gas ozone increases ozone levels decrease figure reactions produce high concentrations nitrogen dioxide ozone perfectly understood
turkey point biscayne bay florida early biologists measured area acres hectare barren surrounding acres sparsely populated biscayne bay known yield pounds marketable seafoods spiny lobsters stone crabs sport fish abound bay valuable bait shrimp fishery located fish shellfish bay breeding grounds variety wading birds feed shallows caused apparent ecological disaster turkey point middle area ordinarily teeming aquatic barren area centered effluent canal florida power light turkey point power plant plant took cool water bay returned heated water outflow temperature important factor organisms reach species range temperatures supports organisms adapted living hot springs yellowstone national park temperatures reach fish arctic waters survive frozen ice species temperature range survival narrow cases narrow instance organisms build coral reefs caribbean withstand degrees change temperature warm blooded animals humans evolved variety mechanisms body temperatures proper range digestion food produces heat sweating increases heat loss body hot needs cool aquatic creatures able maintain body temperature
applications federal energy regulatory commission permits exclusive preliminary evaluation hydropower sites surged rapidly applications submitted municipalities electrical cooperatives playing major role redevelopment hydropower tax free bonding power municipalities reason predominance applications public sector reason municipalities sites developed hydropower water supply reservoirs city patterson jersey began refurbishing power plant falls pasaic river orginally built city expected begin selling power million dollars projected completion date plant investment cost total million dollars litchfield connecticut northeast utilities reopened kilowatt generator originally built cost england river basin commission identified dam sites connecticut felt hold potential hydropower generation york commission counted dam sites suitable electric generation energy master plan york calls development megawatts power capacity sites equivalent rating coal nuclear generating station dams place relieve high cost power generation york oil burned powerplant fuel relieve extensive air pollution sulfur compounds irrigation canals trapped electric power
addition stating allowed land zoning utilized enforce uniform pattern single family residence category minimum size lot distance dwelling sidewalk setback minimum space dwellings spelled allowable construction materials building heights zoning typically cast concrete ordinances body enacted place putting land nonconforming apply variances special exceptions exceptions considered planning board zoning commission case case basis idea procedure consider allowed reasonable results procedure reasonable past future commercial interests apartment developers obtained exceptions activities simply pleading hardship pointing existing nonconforming common technique begin construction variance excuse variance expected variance forthcoming developer pleads hardship sunk costs sufficient number exceptions original labeling area loses meaning exceptions easy obtain zoning barrier kinds development resembles windbreak help shelter area winds change protect zoning interpreted administered planning board zoning commission enforced courts
downed trees fierce winter storm struck southwest slope katahdin wind ice combined snap tall trees leaving pileup dead logs slopes northern paper company allowed park harvest blowdown pulpwood hopes lessening risk fire harvest completed legal action baxter park defense fund judge order brought harvest halt august judge forbid removal downed trees directed heavy equipment removed park heavy equipment cutting forest floor leaving gouge marks roads reroute streams depressions increased erosion scarred areas likely equipment removed paper company harvest blowdown abrupt end summer lightning ignited blaze tangle deadwood lay ground primary means chosen fight fire scrape mile kilometer fire line perimeter fire bulldozers skidders borrowed northern paper company cut foot meter wide fire line company owns forest adjacent park firefighters beaver seaplanes effort control fire planes loaded water nearby ponds dropped water gallon liter loads fire spots ground firefighters carried hoses pumps forest
acre parcel stevens creek south carolina obtained conservancy continential group land harbors endangered species transferred protection south carolina similar fashion conservancy able obtain portion jupiter island east coast florida manatee remarkable sea mammal resembling large cigar shape lives jupiter island distant relative elephant known commonly sea cow america endangered species acre tract jupiter island aid protecting manatee conservancy preservation acre farm dr mrs wright albany york conservancy outright dr mrs wright area maintained nature preserve significant conservancy purchases dewey ranch kansas acre tract preserves portion tall grass prairie prairie drew pioneers west settlement virtually small pockets unique ecological landscape exist conservancy purchase especially important area leased present kansas university ecological research chapter discussion tall grass prairie federal tax laws pointed economically attractive donate land natural areas nature conservancy helps explain advantages donors assist transactions case acre parcel rutland county vermont prime land vacation home development parcel adjoins forest put sale
roots word communication communis common accurately portray purpose communication speaker attempting listener process develop communion transaction dialogue foundation communication involves uniting exchanging thoughts result speaker obligated create clear picture reality stimulate listeners common thoughts goal communication secure overlap information experience illustrated figure process communication occurs subject chapter basically communicate tools symbols verbal nonverbal language essentially sets commonly accepted symbols attach meaning communication involves person transmitting language symbols method person process resembles telegraph operator transmitting message telegraph operator city deciphers message communication transactional involving process symbolic requiring symbolic code communication brings effects lives remain unaffected symbolic receiving telegraphed birthday wish experience feelings appreciation point verbally expressing excitement define speech communication transmission reception symbolic stimuli words gestures acting symbolically elicit meaning effect instrumental direct results feedback part definition key elements communication process consider description key elements develop insight problems processes communication thoughts ideas magically flow point point
human communication occur vacuum communication ordered situation context term context refers levels types communication according setting channel number involved fundamental level incorporates communication individual called intrapersonal communication interact interpersonal communication occurs public communication involves speaker audience context audience attention polarized central figure speaker finally cross cultural communication highlights communication occurring context cultural setting intrapersonal communication focuses individual unit analysis level refer features individual relate processing transmission reception information features involve complex neurological physiological aspects understanding psychological aspects especially helpful beginning point developing basic concepts communication important psychological feature intrapersonal system lies nature perception psychological screen information sifted information individual receives filtered perceived light past experiences attitudes expectations poor golfer developed dislike golf hear word golf strong emotional reaction contrast reaction feelings professional golfer johnny miller experiences hearing word respond differently word difference explained perception perceptions distort reality let examine perceptual problems frequently occur evaluate information light total context
problems immediately confront beginning public speakers control communication apprehension stage fright capture hold attention audience chapter deal problems consider stage fright concern beginning speakers feel concerned gaining listeners attention conquered stage fright beginning speakers process trying capture audience attention help dissipate stage fright psychological aspects public speaking considered single chapter developed mental attitude speaker says message interests excites going focus listeners attention interest topic stage fright disappears large extent beginning speakers encounter nervous condition called speech communication apprehension students experience apprehension percent experience moderate severe problems stage fright symptoms include dryness throat mouth forgetting tension abdominal region inability produce voice stuttering stammering tremors knees hands weak voice excessive perspiration accelerated heart rate speech rate fast slow stomach upset difficulty breathing inability look audience feeling audience disapproving inability finish speaking excessive hesitation dread speaking researcher found severe apprehension caused limited verbal output constricted vocabulary decided increase number speaking errors communication apprehension problem beginning speakers plagues experienced speakers lesser degrees
stressed manner speech informative persuasive prepared delivered keeping sequence let turn major step speech preparation introduction conclusion speech classroom laboratory situation select adapt speech materials audience polish perfect present audience language level ready storehouse introductory materials speech subject chosen present select humorous incident speech topic set facts pinpointing problem interest entertainment quality speech topic humorous story allegory analogy figure speech captures audience attention interest rule introduction planning select language tool captures attention interest audience speech topic quickly concretely choice important communication technique planning introduction plan carefully speech element job introduction worded topic related capture sustain audience initial inclination tune early speech remarks important entire speech beginning student speaker inclined simply say hello talk today subject imagination flair opening statement classmates audience likely say silently cares care introduction speaker responsibility inform persuade entertain audience prescribed amount don introduction lightly
points crystalized university blamed athlete failure obtain college degree tell personal experience coaches sincerely interested education athletes sadly condition general trend present colleges universities affiliated ncaa national collegiate athletic association colleges universities belong naia national association intercollegiate athletics number represents percent colleges united states giving problem hand unquestioned relevance university administrators need stop hard look college athletics real purpose athletics role play university university moral responsibility student provide atmosphere meaningful education pursued athletic department blend broader goals university athletic teams traditionally pride universities teams brought prestige sort helped students alumni identify schools recent history college sports points growing pressure coaches produce winners order successful football team victorious saturday visit coach recognize primary concern produce winning team degrading goal athletic departments receive harmful radiation fallout attitude victory costs created results visible features intense competition recruiting
major differences distinguish speech written terms intelligibility important difference relates transitory nature speech read essay ponder reflect look definition word don recognize reread determine sentence paragraph relates writer central theme stop rest mind tires speaker audience enjoy luxuries thomas dequincey aptly stated spoken language sentence dies born spoken language transitory oral style differ respects written style speech fewer indefinite pronouns words require listener recall noun refers difference speech restatement written excerpt speech mental health illustrates restatement emphasize clarify important point fourth observation want patients mental illness weller mean major difference speech written relates personal nature speech writer sets thoughts unknown audience divorced place speaker faces specific audience speaker audience react moment moment personality uniqueness speaking situation affords speakers opportunity kenneth burke suggests consubstantial enter oneness audience
accomplished speaker woos listeners winning sympathy capitalizing indication growing interest end willingly share point view habit looking steadily seeing clearly individuals learn study response listeners order judge effect remarks surprisingly difficult beginner likely conscious task audience trying win lights eyes sees dark auditorium blur dim faces minutes easier speaker distinguish individuals able audience gradually enlarges circle interested listeners important individual audience member feel speaker talking directly speaker close audience look directly eyes listeners accept says personal significant speaker point view members audience worth speaking interested interest considerable lift makes speech easier individuals bored skeptical hostile begin show interest effort winning takes tends speech tense strained comfortable listening
familiar saying thousand words picture put picture worth thousand words familiar saying especially considering visual aids relation speech making say picture worth thousand words say thousand words amplifying picture picture worth words visual aids overshadow speaker speech serve assist communication process dissemination information sense visual careful blending visual oral actually complements represents extremely high order effective efficient communication valuable visual aid ability material visual presentation consistently accurate reliable oral description especially true dealing large numbers large amounts information true making comparative analyses visual aid deal numbers putting semipermanently front audience visually effective speaker orally communicating numbers easily forgotten audience readily run unfortunate circumstances occurs large amounts information nature chosen visual aids modern rhetorical theorists stress need communication avoidance chances miscommunication stress precise communication visualization process defining terms making spoken receiving communication intended speaking enhanced assistance visual aid give oral presentation
opaque projector visual aid types projected screen wall opaque projector project image printed page photo picture chart reasonably flat unidimensional object requires preparation speaker simply projects produced image noise projector beginning speaker carefully plan equipment aid detract speaker opaque projector contrast overhead projector requires darkened room distracting audience chapter entitled visual aids audio aids considered conjunction visual student speeches seldom audio aids media form familiar cassette audio tapes small cassette players audio aid easily accessible change pace audience hearing voice help hold attention increase audience interest oral excerpt personal interview audio aid speech audio aid tone quality clear volume speech setting creating visual aid type object decide posterboard plastic transparency film type material dealing object model demonstration carefully choose type object type model regular bond paper acceptable material visual aid audience size typical class
artistic proofs considered student speaker speech supported facts figures audiences consider deciding accept speaker point view heard person react highly logical speech filled specific supporting data saying speaker says true don accept person react speech discussed earlier chapter base beliefs attitudes opinions subjective unexamined suppositions judgments personal wants needs desires involved persuasion mere arrangement non artistic supporting material creative artistic proof required supporting material artistically created case contrived illustration imaginative anecdote artistic proof deals specifically issues emotional ethical proof emotional proof traditionally referred pathos words illustrations material impact person feeling affect physical mental responses bona fide form proof students shy emotional proof fear branded nonlogical speaker unable picture orator wish shun consideration emotional proof human character compels act final judgments varying degrees basis emotional considerations feelings appeal exclusively emotion audience render judgment based solely emotional reaction proper creative emotional proof occurs present logical supporting material substantiate point embellish logical point emotional proof
attempt explain interpersonal communication relationships include factors help produce observed results communication feel nervous talking doctors lawyers professors bank presidents part anxiety related person higher status role power perceive person possess understanding effects role status power easily understand behavior think interpersonal communication imagine viewing beautiful building sides side complete view likewise interpersonal communication numerous dimensions picture multidimensional process intervening factors help hinder effects communication situation model illustrates let consider intervening factors consideration effective interpersonal communication revolves understanding situation setting observers realize temperature size room closeness proximity furniture arrangement color styles environment influence interpersonal communication features obvious environmental factors call human ecological factors influence small group setting influence organizational setting interpersonal communication small group settings settings influence interpersonal communication members instance figure shows kinds small group networks saw chapter network resembles wheel members talk person middle interpersonal communication stifled research conditions members feel individually alienated dissatisfied interpersonal communication wheel reminds classroom situation crew foreman interpersonal communication occurs central person
disclosure refers information person conveys person research reveals strong relationship disclosure trust interpersonal trust increases disclosure increases presence sufficient disclosure chances greater fondness person occur course telling indiscriminately necessarily produce positive effects climate disclosure produce trust trust produce disclosure share disclose level remain strangers dwarfed growing relationship seldom aware needs researchers reported differences disclosure males females results recent study females tended disclosure males females demonstrated greater disclosure persons knew females revealed negative honest information guarded control depth disclosure contrast males unknowingly adopted strong silent image interpersonal communication stressed lines communication remain open increased sharing liking sharing interpersonal communication unlikely advance merely superficial level animal studies reveal interesting comparison human behavior instance jane study chimps east africa demonstrates modes dominance submission studies birds chickens show pecking order dominance submission established coop birds literally peck establish hierarchy order established pecking symbolic bird acts going peck bird bows submission likewise dogs lie backs expose throats display symbolic submission
janet markusic husband frank managed university union service station columbus ohio lease union oil company course frank june frank died janet took management station full union oil immediately terminated lease managing service station janet knew supporting children weeks vacate station union oil officials stated trying food mouths widow children merely concerned able manage full business trying care children gave lease help wonder happened janet died union oil assumption valid frank caring children doubt cancelled lease widow harsh hurtful word derived sanskrit means empty society believes widow empty lynn caine author book widow believes society set women lose identities husbands die women spent entire married lives home identity establishing experiences women majority marriage symbiotic relationship draw exist reflection husbands happens woman husband dies marriage future concerned death spouse
major problems confronting widow sum word discrimination socially economically socially widow taboo needs friends want dr richard conroy psychiatrist st luke hospital york city study phenomenon found customary married women drop widows socially friends widow unwanted reminder easily happen lives dr conroy believes married woman begins widowed friend competitor possibly husband ironically million widowers united states today challenge staying single according retirement guide published american association retired person widowers socially ostracized object matchmaking endless proposals women eager cooking yard household chores discrimination ostracism widow socially give dwell grief certainly need dwell economic discrimination problem faced widower lot expense confusion avoided husband leave according widow study prepared consortium insurance companies percent husbands die widow check husband company survivor pension bureau labor statistics study hundred select plans large supposedly liberal provisions found forty automatic death benefits
key step understanding phenomenon gathering examples phenomenon comparing examples exactly alike phenomenon explanatory generalizations easily variation displayed examples likely cases studied reliable generalizations social phenomenon known politics interpersonal activity activity related gaining influence making rules basic statements accurate general obserations politics globe scholarly specialists american politics assume generalizations political participation united states true say france general statements american interest groups applicable france relevance politics china number national political systems studied scientifically increases resulting information compared likelihood obtaining accurate comprehensive knowledge phenomenon politics general increases directly total number nations earth large complexity allow comprehensive scientific approach alternative accommodate significant increase cases reduce problem complexity involves looking segments political activity segment characterized individual political leaders interaction institutions practices national systems obviously choice introductory text analyzing segment examples number countries number historical periods permits broader perspective comprehensive approach
despite fall pound sterling talk economic collapse britain remains rich country ranks seventh nations gross national product britishers wealthiest percent peoples say deny severe economic problems successive british governments unable resolve country industrialize britain grew rich powerful nineteenth century known workshop marveling foreigners god englishman advantage eroded nations developed industries british industries obsolete especially foundation wealth coal engineering iron shipbuilding textiles britain pioneered labor movement succeeded extent today power trade unions inhibits remodernization economy unions virtually autonomous power control conservative labour governments power trade unions comprise essence government power unions antiquated rules seek perpetuate led british industries set plants british isles britain exported industry exported talented citizens brain drain concern addition supplied present competitors machinery drive britain markets britain high rate unemployment find industries absorb workers ways hold shrinking share trade
nonconformists prod leadership forming joining group mind group try build support party strong command leader attention macmillan joined group called ymca brightest young conservatives aimed reform planning constructive alternative socialism members prominent later struggling party leadership reasons interest mainly historians existence group shows backbenchers limited dependence party need rubber stamps macmillan obscure backbencher visibility increasing conservative party rejected electorate unable solve problems economic depression unemployment tottered defeat macmillan took defeat hard tears streaming face surrounded cheering labour supporters vainly called cheers conservative leader baldwin labour endure office pressure events labour leader ramsay macdonald formed national government parties conservative labour liberal labour leadership convince party necessity labour party split elections called macmillan returned fray macmillan germany ironically treatment war wounds elections announced able walk aid canes fought active campaign returned parliament large majority voters put trust macmillan remained dissatisfied parliament
parliamentary systems fourth republics parliament national assembly dominant branch government formally supremacy comparable parliament britain practically profound difference systems britain house commons lain party discipline leadership prime minister policy legislative programs generally effective responsibility party controlled prime ministership means winning popular majority plurality national elections france existence parties dividing electorate combined electoral system tended encourage predominance local issues national meant effective term policy making domestic affairs french parliamentary system cabinets powers periods sure staying office carry broad legislative programs fourth republics competent governments britain united states period image consistently bad french thought french parliamentary system terms revolving door cabinets activist premier turned office period months confined efforts fence mending parliamentary supporters allowed stay absolutely show end war beginning republic french premier developed control parliament
geographical cultural senses education elitist france money social class money case families wealth reason fairly clear successful highly competitive school emphasizes abstract thinking ideas virtually exclusion daily reality students insulated ordinary basis children arrange insulation families demands constant vigilance parents understand importance willing able sacrifices maintain children convinced academic real school merely illogical sentimental measure unreal constitutes course form moral education middle class children determined succeed competitive exams regular fundamental questions asked basic rules required forget sense order re create successfully terms system requires order act promises power status makes later successful students giscard rewards early description grandes ecoles clarify function integral ways symbolic part fast track advancement private public bureaucracies especially grandes ecoles universities provide kind education offered universities schools liberal arts preprofessional schools specializing range subjects
giscard secret presidential ambitions surprise public learned decision run hand presidential lists georges pompidou scramble de resignation transpired appears giscard certainly thinking declaring candidacy pompidou outmaneuvered getting backing udr majority party member directly de resignation seeking endorsement majority party pompidou giscard closest political lieutenants mission aging antoine pinay hopes persuading seek presidency remainder de term pro quo form finance ministry giscard interim effectively prepare candidacy waiting pinay response giscard held press conference argued france needs calming candidate exceptional need experience engaged political conflicts majority opposition past open europe re unite divide restore lost confidence pinay rushed characteristically cautious reply interview radio monte carlo re enter political scene forestall collapse regime giscard ploy failed independent republicans calling meeting pompidou provide sufficient return investment warrant endorsement
frahm family substitute religion socialism party served political recruitment base cradle grave ideologically committed members brandt noted later suppose inherited desire social justice political progress brought workers movement brandt member children section workers sport organization youth branches party friends children red falcons workers mandolin club socialist workers youth organization education individual important political socialization tool instance young brandt rejected conservative values taught teachers commitment republic bright pupil primary school winning scholarships realschule high school prestigious johanneum realgymnasium university preparatory high school transferred realschule johanneum brandt students working class background coming wealthier politically conservative families brandt peers difficult isolated withdrew dream defied school occasionally boldly appearing blue shirt red bandanna uniform socialist workers youth organization singled teachers recite poem school solemn occasion founding reich dared show attire brandt delight furious teacher home immediately brandt top students school played truant greater interest socialist youth organizations
brandt sought introduce innovative policy east known ostpolitik eastern policy unfreeze strained relations west germany communist countries produce policy conciliation detente confrontation metamorphosis policy product brandt sudden assumption foreign ministry post dated early number west german intellectuals social democratic youth leaders counseled detente president kennedy initiated policy soviet union chancellor erhard government adopted slightly flexible foreign policy stance brandt mayor west berlin engaged brilliant egon bahr press secretary help reformulation policy led divided berlin limited number concessions east german authorities foreign minister brandt brought bahr ministry director policy planning staff continue begun berlin broader scale brandt bahr launched ostpolitik expect conclude treaties eastern states span memory german invasions territory hitler racial policies labeled slavs subhuman species lingered conservatives cdu csu expected block treaties considered potential sellout communists indications policy succeed eventually hard liners eastern europe soviet union challenged pragmatic communists wanted strengthen countries technological economic structures improving relations western states soviet union engaged bitter struggle republic china needed peaceful relations europe
political scientist barbara kellerman suggests difficult grasp brandt personality contradictory need distinct seen break julius leber plunge norwegian politics german emigres remained aloof attachment norway german citizen hand sought loyal member sap spd groups contrasting outsider insider roles reflected shifts professional career personal friends close tended outsiders brandt asset keeping distance serving mayor foreign minister chancellor liability unable retain support wehner schmidt crucial period average west german citizens find brandt complex person instinctively empathized brandt values goals humanitarianism idealism search freedom justice peace understood brandt speeches delivered clarity simplicity appreciated brandt occasional sallies bar order drink beer workers viewed brandt personal integrity charm sympathy weaker persons fair generous compassionate brandt intelligence keen analytical mind outstanding memory reserve modesty endurance energy control persistence considered valuable traits colleagues appreciated brandt leadership style disliked authoritarian coercive rule power sparingly refused manipulate searched consensus colleagues carefully weighed alternatives making important decisions
blow beria defensive khrushchev moved offensive stalin designated heir malenkov middle class origins played key role head secretariat cadres administration manipulating party records stalin facilitated purging bolsheviks top party cadres malenkov enemies party military khrushchev demanding cruel population record behavior fellow apparatchiks believe killing opponents possibly acted differently lacked stalin power rate killed stalin kill distinction significant russo soviet history try later opposed expelled party frustrated colleagues believe khrushchev trusted refrain acting stalin known crudity toughness naturally peasant suspicious secretive motive action willing resort violence mainly defend realize goal felt justified force believe hurting physically serving serve overriding purpose biographers suggests affected rough tumble ukrainian cossak political tradition public opinion played role committed unchanging totalitarian despotism stalinist variety displayed flexiblity humanistic encompass liberal participatory democracy
race relations latin america generally united states latin countries prejudice tended based appearance individual background individual appears white background nonwhite groups treated white result latin american countries white nonwhite continuum neat categories cuba latin american pattern race relations completely due influence citizens united states cuba racial prejudice north american country blacks discriminated allowed social clubs exclusive groups public facilities serve potential black patrons sum revolution nonwhites tended lower paying jobs education social status race correlated strongly class say exceptions notable president fulgencio batista mixed blood batista accepted social elite havana rejected membership yacht club held post chief executive cuba predominantly urban dwellers economic wealth country rural revolution percent cuban lived urban centers largest national capital havana million inhabitants santiago de cuba quarter million rest latin america cities political commercial educational industrial centers cuban revolution today wealth cities clearly preferred places live
disillusionment autenticos party cuban known generally ortodoxo orthodox founded young firebrand named eduardo chibas symbol party broom clean government means chibas built popular weekly radio program end impassioned speech disgraced failed produced promised evidence cabinet minister chibas dramatically shot fatally air ortodoxos effect young cubans period including fidel castro presidential election major candidates ortodoxo autentico fulgencio batista apparently ortodoxo candidate won indication batista march supporters batista staged bloodless military coup toppling president prio returning strong congress dismissed political parties dissolved originally welcomed corruption chaos batista government extremely corrupt estimates dictator left cuba beginning upwards million end period batista increasingly repressive status quo government desiring bringing social economic change batista major organizational strength conservative politicians army american business united states business establishment matter united states diplomatic representatives supported batista nearly end administration generation clearly failed past thirty nearly known mechanism transfer power personalismo personal attraction leader clearly important organized political groups
emergence ccp credible challenger kmt hegemony china lies remarkable success story success rest ccp victories japanese ccp consistent adherence policy formulated outset war mao tung taking position front alongside government units eighth route army remained largely japanese lines kmt forces largely evacuated occupied areas lack adequate troops forced japanese restrict occupation chief towns lines communication partial power vacuum red army began political administrative military organization population gathering isolated abandoned elements belonged national provincial armies willing elements belonged administrative structure communist divisions gradually spread shansi mao guerrilla tactics avoid encounters enemy times decisive superiority fifteen bases shifting boundaries grew subsumed regions northern china central china small southern china region base areas party wartime expansion took place end according chou en communists controlled regional administrative structures districts ccp membership rose million million end war controversy theorists purporting explain success chinese communist revolution emphasized nationalist aspects point social revolutionary appeal led chalmers johnson contended ccp unsuccessful prior war national resistance japanese invasion created circumstances permitting succeed
radicals viewed cultural revolution revolutionary struggle aimed power seizure highest levels beginning chou viewed chain reaction exploited radicals wanted bombard powerholders powerholders taking capitalist road construed proper function cultural revolution real revolution proletariat bourgeoisie dress rehearsal future occasion political power fall hands revisionists exploiting logical inconsistency radical position insisting revisionists usurped command simultaneously recognizing chairman mao command uninterruptedly thirty natural tendency red guards wish proceed word deed criticism capitalist roaders humiliation purge chou sought forestall process drawing distinction error committed official question symbol mass controversy official person remain job error fully aired public january chou en turned rebel audience shouts liu ch teng ing turned call overthrow reactionary line liu teng difference slogans shouted explained criticize bourgeois reactionary line represented liu teng smash slogan open question decision plenum central committee party central committee standing committee members
resource politician china united states identification constituency reference group george wallace nelson rockefeller clearly defined constituencies american politics reflected policies preferred politicians syntax political styles mao tung lin piao liu ch chou en constituencies chinese politics mao clearly identified peasants exhibited identification homespun public manner policies liu ch iron bolshevik identified leninist party apparatus lin piao clearly identified pla ability politicians achieve identification reference group limited ascriptive characteristics define styles difficult rockefeller achieve identification lower middle class southern whites wallace achieve identification electorate east side manhattan unlike mao liu members leadership hail marginal elites rich peasantry downwardly mobile declasse families chou pedigree china traditional ruling class scion landed scholar gentry birth received progressive cosmopolitan education making party closest facsimile intellectual bothered deny nonproletarian class background flaunt albeit jokingly chou en natural political constituency china intellectual professional middle class career functioned party bridge important group displayed qualities group admires politician charm tact duplicity caution quick intelligence present concern appearances
culture modern western origins places modern iraq iran egypt areas human beings abandoned roaming hunting settle stable agricultural communities communities grew cities civilizations societies invented concepts techniques integral parts contemporary fundamental development writing sumerians mesopotamia invention enables knowledge past preserved facilitates spread accumulation learning lore literature science mathematics astronomy architecture innovations ancient eastern civilizations law codes religious concepts permeate daily wild hunters urban dwellers roots western culture establish mesopotamia caused mesopotamian culture predominant ancient east part egyptians play vast story lastly arrival hittites fringes mesopotamia egypt mean superior cultures neighbors questions chapter explore december young charles darwin stepped aboard beagle begin voyage south america pacific ocean course voyage convinced species animals human beings evolved lower forms darwin reluctant public theories ran counter biblical account creation claimed god adam finally published origin species
iranians initially created patchwork tiny kingdoms siyalk chieftain petty king basically warlord depended fellow warriors aid support band noble warriors greek heroes iliad formed fighting strength army king owned estates supported nobles additional income king levied taxes paid kind cash demanded labor services peasants king warrior nobles free held land owned artisans produced goods needed society running bottom social scale slaves natives newcomers fell drugdgery hard labor household service king nobles early period saw significant economic developments iron increased seventh century iron farm implements widespread leading increased productivity greater prosperity higher standards living iranian agriculture saw development small estate farmers worked small plots land general prosperity period bred sturdy free peasantry enjoyed greater freedom contemporaries egypt mesopotamia kings exploited iran considerable mineral wealth iranian iron copper lapis lazuli attracted assyrian raiding parties important mineral wealth iranian horse breeding stimulated brisk trade kings found merchants iranians produced large profits help fill kings coffers overland trade put iranians direct contact eastern neighbors
constitutional links city king city simply possession citizens voice kingdom run city rights king granted summarily ambassadors city entreat king favors petition matters taxes boundary disputes legal cases city advise king royal policy enjoyed political function kingdom hellenistic kings tried kingdom political focus citizens allegiance king secure frontiers kingdom give geographical identity hope subjects direct primary loyalty kingdom city kings efforts fix borders led sustained warfare boundaries determined military power rule force chief political principle hellenistic border wars frequent exhausting seleucids ptolemies instance waged wars possession southern syria kings refused acknowledge boundaries alexander waged wars reunify empire authority century weary balance power reached result stalemate maintained political principle hellenistic kings failed create kingdoms political unit replace polis hellenistic city despite beauty hellenic trappings failed win devotion love greeks readily enthusiastically polis
confessions describes augustine moral struggle conflict spiritual intellectual aspirations sensual material tells eternally human story constantly tempted sin aware providence god confessions reveals change development human mind personality steeped philosophy culture ancient greek roman philosophers taught knowledge virtue thing person knows augustine rejected idea believed person fail act righteously innate weakness human act basis rational knowledge augustine profound contribution understanding human nature demonstrated learned person corrupt evil confessions written rhetorical style language late roman antiquity marks synthesis roman forms christian thought visigothic chieftain alaric conqueted rome horrified pagans blamed disaster christians response augustine wrote city god profoundly original contrasts christianity secular society existed city god presents moral interpretation roman government fact history written latin filled references ancient history mythology statement christian philosophy history
canute governed help witan literally council wise composed anglo saxons danes republished laws tenth century anglo saxon kings show continuity government canute followers accepted christianity christian ideas responsibilities king slowly peoples molded assimilation viking anglo saxon personified king edward confessor son anglo saxon father norman mother canute husband east german king otto inflicted crushing defeat hungarians banks lech river battle halted magyars westward expansion threat germany otto hero germans signified revival german monarchy demonstrated otto worthy successor charlemagne chosen king otto selected la site coronation symbolize intention continue tradition charlemagne basis power alliance control church otto asserted invest bishops abbots symbols office ring symbolized bishop union dioceses staff symbol pastoral authority assertion gave otto effective control ecclesiastical appointments receiving religious consecration bishops abbots perform feudal homage lands accompanied church office practice later known lay investiture create grave crisis eleventh century
cistercians constitution insisted accept lands human habitation forbade involved traditional feudal manorial structure ideally suited agricultural needs trends times low countries built dikes hold sea reclaimed land put production cereals eastern parts holy roman empire silesia mecklenburg pomerania took lead draining swamps cultivating wasteland labor shortage advertised widely europe monks brothers efforts rich rolling land french burgundy turned lush vineyards northern central england rocky soil damp downs lincolnshire poorly suited agriculture turned sheep runs quarter twelfth century cistercians raising sheep playing large role production england staple crop wool monasteries involved iron lead mining cistercian abbey furness operated forty forges german abbeys konigsbronn waldsassen saarbegen mined iron thirteenth century monks entered industry fill needs expanding economy soon discovered large market iron hundreds nails hammers plows armor spears axes stirrups horseshoes weapons war basic metal king richard england preparing depart crusade wanted fifty thousand horseshoes lead variety roofing buildings alloy strengthening silver coinage framing pane glass windows parish monastery cathedral churches lavatory drainpipes
edward iv began establishing domestic tranquility succeeded defeating lancastrian forces began reconstruct monarchy consolidate royal power edward brother richard iii henry vii welsh house tudor worked restore royal prestige crush power nobility establish order law local level rulers methods machiavelli praised ruthlessness efficiency secrecy hundred war cost nation dearly money finance raised parliament dominated baronial factions parliament arena nobility exerted power monarchy dependent lords commons revenue king call parliament edward iv revived medieval ideal live meaning financial resources reluctantly established policy monarchy follow rare exceptions edward subsequently tudors conducted foreign policy basis diplomacy avoiding expensive wars english monarchy depend parliament money crown undercut source aristocratic influence henry vii summon meetings parliament early reign assemblies primarily confirm laws parliament remained highest court land statute registered approved lords bishops commons gave appearance broad national support judicial authority center royal authority royal council governed national level henry vii revealed distrust nobility completely excluded lords king closest advisers
portuguese pushed farther south west coast africa bartholomew diaz rounded cape hope southern tip storms threatened mutiny forced turn expedition portuguese mariner vasco da reached india returned lisbon loaded samples indian wares map king manuel promptly dispatched thirteen ships command pedro alvares cabral assisted diaz set trading posts india april coast brazil south america sighted claimed crown portugal cabral proceeded south east cape hope reached india half fleet lost return voyage spice laden vessels dropped anchor lisbon harbor july paid entire expedition convoys march lisbon entrance port asian goods europe fight centuries muslims controlled rich spice trade indian ocean surrender willingly portuguese commercial activities accompanied destruction seizure strategic muslim coastal forts later served portugal trading posts military bases alfonso de albuquerque portuguese crown appointed governor india decided bases inland territories control indian ocean cannon blasted open ports calicut ormuz goa malacca vital centers arab domination south asian trade
commissariat established feed troops place ancient practice living countryside ambulance corps designed look wounded uniforms weapons standardized finally rational system recruitment training discipline promotion imposed military machine europe history national france able dominate politics europe louis continued broader scale expansionist policy begun cardinal richelieu dynastic excuse invaded flanders part spanish netherlands comte east consequence acquired twelve towns including important commercial centers lille tournai map later louis personally led army hundred thousand holland dutch ultimately saved opening dikes flooding countryside war lasted eventually involved german empire spain concluded treaty nijmegen louis gained additional flemish towns comte encouraged successes weakness german empire divisions european powers louis continued aggression seized city trier province lorraine permanently occupied france moment king invincible fact louis reached limit expansion nijmegen wars brought additional territories dutch prince william orange bitter foe louis xiv king england william joined league augsburg included german emperor kings spain sweden electors bavaria saxony palatinate adding british resources alliance french league won decisive victories
spain recovered part leadership louis xiv grandson took throne philip brought fresh ideas france rallied spanish bourbon dynasty war spanish succession peace restored series reforming ministers reasserted royal authority overhauling finances strengthening defense protect colonies restored spain navy respectable place europe britain france philip ministers promoted economy vigorous measures included gradual relaxation monopoly colonial trade able charles iii truly enlightened monarch extended economic administrative reform revitalization madrid positive results colonies colonies succeeded defending numerous british attacks increased size spain received louisiana france missionaries ranchers extended spanish influence northern california political success matched economic improvement declining markedly seventeenth century silver mining recovered mexico peru output quadrupled spanish america accounted half silver production risky shot sudden riches silver mining encouraged gambler attitude wealth big profits lucky land silver mining encouraged food production large mining camps gave creoles spanish blood born americas means purchase european luxuries manufactured goods class wealthy merchants arose handle flourishing trade relied smuggled goods britain
proponents liberal theory government england france influential john locke influential giving enlightenment ideas human beings learn page turned english history basis political theory england political tradition rested according locke rights englishmen representative government parliament controversy excluding strong minded james duke york english throne locke argued strict limitations monarchy order preserve liberty admirer whig noblemen subsequently bloodless revolution pages locke maintained government oversteps proper function protecting natural rights liberty private property tyranny extreme cases natural rebellion locke thought drastic action avoided government respected rights citizens zealous defense liberty locke helped revive powerful idea inherited ancient greece rome page natural universal rights equally valid peoples societies important note locke strong defense economic liberty private property linked love political freedom locke prophetically saw close relationship economic freedom political freedom significant number citizens large english landowners economically independent basis independent political opposition locke ideas english thinkers lauded liberty denounced danger tyranny popular colonial america
balance power mechanism powers austria britain prussia russia france settle disputes dangerous general agreement victors receive compensation form territory successful struggle french britain won colonies strategic outposts wars retained metternich austria gave territories belgium southern germany expanded greatly taking rich provinces venetia lombardy northern italy polish possessions lands eastern coast adriatic map agreement prussia russia compensated extent ticklish question led renewed war january vaguely progressive impetuous alexander russia finland bessarabia northern southern borders burned ambition restore ancient kingdom poland expected bestow benefits autocratic rule prussians willing give polish territories provided swallow large wealthy kingdom saxony german neighbor south demands castlereagh metternich feared unbalancing forces central europe astonishing face turned diplomatic support wily talleyrand defeated france represented january britain austria france signed secret alliance directed russia prussia
spring lenin bolsheviks won civil war ruled shattered devastated land farms ruins food supplies exhausted southern russia drought combined ravages war produce worst famine generations according government percent population seventeen provinces starving industrial production broke completely output steel cotton textiles percent revolutionary trotsky later wrote collapse productive forces surpassed kind history seen country government edge abyss bolsheviks destroyed economy foes face economic disintegration rioting peasants workers tough flexible lenin changed course march announced economic policy nep re established limited economic freedom attempt rebuild agriculture industry civil war communists simply seized grain payment lenin substituted grain tax country peasant producers permitted sell surpluses free markets peasants encouraged buy goods afford private traders small handicraft manufacturers allowed reappear heavy industry railroads banks remained wholly nationalized nep saw limited restoration capitalism lenin economic policy shrewd successful points view politically temporary compromise russia overwhelming peasant majority flushed victory revolutionary gains peasants fought hold land
minister economy ludwig erhard cigar smoking professor postwar west germany broke decisively totally regulated straight nazi economy erhard bet free market economy teachers believed capitalism efficient political social freedom thrive real economic freedom erhard step reform currency abolish rationing price controls boldly declared ration coupon mark profits jumped sharply prompting businessmen quickly employ produce late germany prospering economy full employment strong currency stable prices germany success aroused renewed respect free market capitalism encouraged freer trade europe france major innovation kind planning guidance jean monnet economic pragmatist apostle european unity planning commission set ambitious flexible goals french economy marshall aid money nationalized banks funnel money key industries owned planning commission french bureaucracy encouraged private enterprise think big cautious french business community responded investing heavily equipment modern factories france combined flexible planning mixed private economy achieve rapid economic development history unemployment france average person standard living improved dramatically france economic miracle
map shows enormous gap wealthy nations noncommunist western europe north america poor nations africa asia closer examination reveal growing split sharply defined economic camps contrary distinct categories nations terms wealth income communist countries eastern europe form middle income group major oil exporting states contrary common belief wealthier countries western europe poverty parts latin america severe map shows standards living substantially higher africa asia encompass considerable variation considers differences culture religion politics historical development supposed split rich poor nations breaks global class war rich poor appears unlikely foreseeable future reasonable expectation continuing pressure reduce international economic differences taxation welfare measures occurred domestically wealthy nations pressure bring modest success wealthy nations generally realize exclusively western viewpoint global issues unrealistic defeating true legacy western imperialism small makes nuclear arms race ominous united states soviet union possess unbelievably destructive expanding nuclear arsenals britain france china india bomb israel south africa countries capacity desire nuclear gloomy experts predict twenty thirty states nuclear weapons
slender fortune unsuitable plan health broken ardent application tempted forced feeble trial entering active scene bristol recommendations eminent merchants months found scene totally unsuitable france view prosecuting studies country retreat laid plan steadily successfully pursued resolved rigid frugality supply deficiency fortune maintain unimpaired independence regard object contemptible improvement talents literature retreat france rheims chiefly la anjou composed treatise human nature passing aggreeably country london end published treatise immediately mother brother lived country house employing judiciously successfully improvement fortune literary attempt unfortunate treatise human nature fell deadborn press reaching distinction excite murmur zealots naturally cheerful sanguine temper soon recovered blow prosecuted ardor studies country printed edinburgh part essays favorably received soon entirely forget disappointment continued mother brother country recovered knowledge greek language neglected early youth
readily allow considerable difference perceptions mind feels pain excessive heat pleasure moderate warmth recalls memory sensation anticipates imagination faculties mimic copy perceptions senses entirely reach force vivacity original sentiment utmost say operate greatest vigor represent object lively manner say feel mind disordered disease madness arrive pitch vivacity render perceptions altogether undistinguishable colors poetry splendid paint natural objects manner description real landscape lively thought inferior dullest sensation observe distinction run perceptions mind fit anger actuated manner thinks emotion tell person love easily understand meaning form conception situation mistake conception real disorders agitations passion reflect past sentiments affections thought faithful mirror copies objects truly colors employs faint dull comparison original perceptions clothed requires nice discernment metaphysical head distinction
objects human reason inquiry naturally divided kinds wit relations ideas matters fact kind sciences geometry algebra arithmetic short affirmation intuitively demonstratively square hypotenuse equal square sides proposition expresses relation figures times equal half thirty expresses relation numbers propositions kind discoverable mere operation thought dependence existent universe circle triangle nature truths demonstrated euclid forever retain certainty evidence matters fact objects human reason ascertained manner evidence truth nature foregoing contrary matter fact imply contradiction conceived mind facility distinctness conformable reality sun rise tomorrow intelligible proposition implies contradiction affirmation rise vain attempt demonstrate falsehood demonstratively false imply contradiction distinctly conceived mind subject worthy curiosity inquire nature evidence assures real existence matter fact present testimony senses records memory
according philosophers full god content principle exists possesses nay power concession rob nature created beings power order render dependence deity consider theory diminish magnifying grandeur attributes affect celebrate argues surely power deity delegate degree power inferior creatures produce volition argues wisdom contrive fabric perfect foresight proper operation serve purposes providence creator obliged moment adjust parts animate breath wheels stupendous machine philosophical confutation theory reflections suffice theory universal energy operation supreme bold carry conviction sufficiently apprised weakness human reason narrow limits confined operations chain arguments conduct logical arise strong suspicion absolute assurance carried reach faculties leads conclusions extraordinary remote common experience fairyland ere reached steps theory reason trust common methods argument think usual analogies probabilities authority
honest opulent lived intimate friendship house surrounded servants rest assured stab leaves order rob silver standish suspect event falling house solidly built founded seized sudden unknown frenzy sudden earthquake arise shake tumble house ears change suppositions say certainty put hand fire hold till consumed event think foretell assurance throw window meet obstruction remain moment suspended air suspicion unknown frenzy give possibility event contrary known principles human nature noon leaves purse full gold pavement charing cross expect fly feather find untouched hour half human reasonings inferences similar nature attended degrees certainty proportioned experience usual conduct mankind situations frequently considered possibly reason mankind hesitation acknowledged doctrine necessity practice reasoning discovered reluctance acknowledge words shown propensity ages profess contrary opinion
experience guide reasoning concerning matters fact acknowledged guide altogether infallible cases apt lead errors climate expect weather week june december reason justly conformably experience happen event find mistaken observe case complain experience commonly informs uncertainty contrariety events learn diligent observation effects follow certainty supposed events found countries ages constantly conjoined found variable disappoint expectations reasonings concerning matter fact imaginable degrees assurance highest certainty lowest species moral evidence wise proportions belief evidence conclusions founded infallible experience expects event degree assurance regards past experience full proof future existence event cases proceeds caution weighs opposite experiments considers side supported greater number experiments side inclines doubt hesitation fixes judgment evidence exceeds properly call probability probability supposes opposition experiments observations side found overbalance produce degree evidence proportioned superiority
evident carried natural instinct prepossession repose faith senses reasoning reason suppose external universe depends perception exist creature absent annihilated animal creation governed opinion preserve belief external objects thoughts designs actions evident follow blind powerful instinct nature suppose images presented senses external objects entertain suspicion representations table white feel hard believed exist independent perception external mind perceives presence bestows absence annihilate preserves existence uniform entire independent situation intelligent beings perceive contemplate universal primary opinion soon destroyed slightest philosophy teaches present mind image perception senses inlets images conveyed able produce intercourse mind object table diminish remove real table exists independent suffers alteration image present mind obvious dictates reason reflects doubted existences consider say house tree perceptions mind fleeting copies representations existences remain uniform independent
expectations small performance extraordinary declare intentions render larger intelligible ordinary capacities abridging accustomed abstract reasoning apt lose thread argument drawn length part fortified arguments guarded objections illustrated views occur writer diligent survey subject readers readily apprehend chain reasoning single concise chief propositions linked illustrated simple examples confirmed forcible arguments parts lying nearer compared connection easily traced principles conclusion present reader abstract complained obscure difficult comprehended apt think proceeded length abstractedness argument remedied inconvenience degree attained end book air singularity novelty claimed attention public especially found author insinuate philosophy received alter foundation greatest part sciences bold attempts advantageous republic letters shake yoke authority accustom think give hints genius carry opposition illustrate points suspected difficulty
constant conjunction actions motives inference reasoning concerning bodies inference proportioned constancy conjunction founded belief witnesses credit history kinds moral evidence conduct author pretends reasoning puts controversy light giving definition necessity zealous advocates free allow union inference regard human actions deny makes necessity show idea actions matter according foregoing reasoning impossible book pretensions discoveries philosophy entitle author glorious inventor makes principle association ideas enters philosophy imagination authority ideas ideas separate join compose varieties fiction notwithstanding empire imagination secret tie union ideas mind conjoin frequently makes appearance introduce arises call apropos discourse connection writing thread chain thought naturally supports loosest reverie
according christian ethic death occurs moment soul leaves body souls scientifically investigated measured practicality demanded easily determined physiological event closely linked exiting soul heartbeat chosen event part easily measured part ancients exaggerated heart importance fallaciously believed heart played role emotions love courage modern realization heart pump coupled capacity modern medicine heart beating electrical stimulation vital organs irreparably damaged led reexamination wisdom cessation heartbeat criterion death criterion recently proposed harvard medical school incorporated statutes states measures death absence brain activity determined electroencephalogram eeg period twenty hours test indicator death presence absence brain activity answer basic question brain activity criterion open challenge twenty hours sufficiently monitoring period suppose patient shows occasional bursts brain activity level insufficient regaining consciousness independence mechanical support systems set events trigger activation living living document individual sign healthy prohibits extraordinary medical procedures event person profoundly disabled terminally ill living wills presently accepted minority states
atoms definition electrically neutral possess number protons electrons charged particles called atoms called ions type chemical bond yields ions called ionic bond ions commonly charged atoms groups atoms bearing collective charge bicarbonate ion principal ingredient remedies upset stomach ion finally weak type bond called hydrogen bond figure later importance maintaining integrity large biological molecules hydrogen bonds form hydrogen atom bonded atom oxygen nitrogen sufficiently close atom oxygen nitrogen oxygen nitrogen atom part molecule part molecule hydrogen bonds occur molecules hydrogen bonds form hydrogen share equally oxygen nitrogen distribution electrons hydrogen electron frequently oxygen nitrogen atom hydrogen hydrogen slight positive charge oxygen nitrogen slight negative charge result weak attraction hydrogen atom adjacent oxygen nitrogen atom interactions atoms molecules ions yield substances called chemical reactions types chemical reactions occur spontaneously sodium hydroxide added hydrochloric acid spontaneous reaction yields sodium chloride water common type chemical reaction requires amount activation energy typically form heat initiate reaction
gradual accumulation oxygen atmosphere important consequences combines readily variety atoms molecules oxygen ended spontaneous creation organic molecules natural phenomena rapidly molecules formed oxygen combined broke short wave ultraviolet light converted oxygen upper atmosphere atom form oxygen called ozone ozone layer filtered medium wavelength ultraviolet light land unfiltered ultraviolet light spontaneous breakdown organic molecules especially nucleic acids proteins presence atmospheric oxygen efficient method energy extraction called respiration term respiration means breathing artificial respiration biologist term specific meaning metabolic utilization oxygen avoid unnecessary confusion process commonly called cellular respiration strictly speaking adjective redundant oxygen utilized cells evolution respiration event stunning magnitude oxygen receptor individual carbon atoms glucose organic molecules lipids proteins broken carbon dioxide water permit complete extraction energy glycolysis net energy gain molecule glucose molecules atp pyruvate fragments remaining glycolysis broken carbon dioxide water yield approximately thirty additional molecules atp beginning roughly half billion ago energy bonanza permitted massive evolutionary explosion manifested appearance protists fungi plants animals figure protists plants animals virtually fungi employ respiration primary means extracting energy organic molecules
anemia condition resulting subnormal capacity blood carry oxygen variety blood loss injuries common anemia spleen intestinal organ located liver holds amount blood reserve loss pint blood blood donation poses significant problems loss quart blood prove iron poor diets lead anemia inability body synthesize sufficient hemoglobin pernicious anemia due failure body sufficient supply vitamin vitamin essential formation red blood cells discussion pinocytosis chapter aplastic anemia production red blood cells simply ceases common result radiation poisoning likely death individuals exposed high doses radiation sickle cell anemia limited exclusively blacks similar diseases occur white populations sickle cell anemia red blood cells malformed error construction hemoglobin cells prone lodge rupture capillary beds type anemia genetic condition percent black americans carriers genetics evolution sickle cell anemia discussed chapters leukemia uncontrolled replication white blood cells form cancer typical tumors present blood fluid tissue chronic leukemia condition elevated white blood cell counts present continuously posing significant threat individual health manufacture huge numbers white blood cells times normal amounts enormous metabolic drain eventually prove fatal
length approximately feet small intestine actually longest single segment digestive tract adjective small derives length width inches small intestine half diameter large intestine small intestine arbitrarily divided sections duodenum jejunum ileum confused ilium hip bone duodenum derived latin word twelve reference fact length duodenum originally estimated equivalent width twelve fingers inches duodenum interest site ulcers likely occur section digestive tract small intestine responsible breakdown digestion large molecules absorption resulting small molecules digestion small intestine aided secretions organs secretions function small intestine daily intestinal secretions total quarts mucus small intestine produces full complement digestive enzymes collectively enzymes break classes macromolecules enzymes produced cells sloughed cavity small intestine rate cell loss entire lining intestine replaced half human small intestine designed efficient absorption materials narrow interior surface area greatly increased presence millions tiny finger projections called villi figure villus slip muscle permits villi move independently
emphysema disabling disease alveoli gradually break substantial areas gas exchange surface lost emphysema primarily cigarette smoking air pollutants contribute substantially similar kinds diseases black lung disease coal miners asbestosis asbestos workers unfortunatley emphysema diagnose substantial damage lung damage repaired victims chronically short breath limited physical abilities frequently victims oxygen mask waking moments pneumonia inflammation lungs caused bacteria viruses variety chemicals child swallows gasoline gasoline regurgitated find lungs pneumonia antibiotics bacterial pneumonia longer scourge recently fifty ago viral pneumonia person general health receiving adequate care threatening tuberculosis bacterial disease occur virtually part body lungs common site referred consumption body gradually consumed disease sufferers literally coughed lives keats chopin millions lived died nineteenth century victims disease tuberculosis responds modern medical treatment diagnosed early disease organism susceptible antibiotics highly contagious nature tuberculosis chest rays routinely administered school aged children recently twenty ago
hormone anterior pituitary depend stimulation hypothalamus hormone prolactin apparently produced automatically held check hypothalamic inhibiting factor inhibiting factor constant production prolactin produced nervous stimuli breasts caused sucking action nursing infant chapter curb production inhibiting factor permit anterior pituitary produce prolactin prolactin turn stimulates mammary glands produce milk infant nurses regularly elegant positive feedback chapter discovery brain master switch master gland verified existence close union coordinating systems body earlier concept coordinating systems operating independently vaguely disquieting inevitable conflicts systems resolved brain takes priority close relationship nervous system endocrine system explains level hormone production regulated hormones anterior pituitary regulated exclusively activities target organs negative feedback loops production level pituitary hormones target organs altered situation analogous able raise lower setting furnace thermostat initial setting changing circumstances body altered output pituitary hormones absolutely critical normal functioning interposition hypothalamus negative feedback loop finger controlling thermostat dial
physicians attributed sensations hallucinations induced drug curare physician validated statements earlier patients drug effects investigated ultimately scientists discovered drug interfered neuromuscular junctions synapses sensory system patients fully conscious senses unimpaired operations curare surgery muscle relaxant conjunction true anesthetic cholinesterase activity impaired acetylcholine molecules remain active repeated depolarizations muscle membrane lead convulsions nerve gases insecticides impair cholinesterase activity irreversibly binding cholinesterase accident nerve gases insecticides act similar ways present insecticides organophosphate parathion originally developed nerve gases dose body weight basis insecticides toxic humans insects treatment consists administration atropine drug blocks acetylcholine artificially recreates normal situation neuromuscular junction atropine activity mimics curare potentially lethal instance poison counter atropine centuries aid health active compound deadly nightshade plant called favorite poison middle ages early renaissance plant known belladonna beautiful woman medieval women wished beautiful eyedrops atropine interfered acetylcholine receptors iris caused pupils dilate condition considered sign beauty modern opthalmologists related compound eye examinations examining eye easier pupil dilated
action potentials produced receptor organs type action potentials brain able distinguish action potentials sense organs sense organ transmits action potentials region brain stimulus eye view alps impact fist transmitted region brain brain interpret stimulus light person sees stars hit eye brain interprets action potentials sensory cells eye light regardless actual source stimulus receptors adapt stimuli period receptors exposed continuous stimulation ultimately cease respond period activity response ceases vary days depending type receptor instance touch receptors adapt quickly utility limited registering sudden pressure skin contrast stretch receptors muscles tendons adapt slowly constantly sending messages regarding degree flexion joint contraction muscle differences rate adaptation constant touch clothing skin requires continuous transmission brain sit try feel touch clothing skin unable move arm quickly chances feel movement shirt blouse skin conversely constantly informed position arm looking oriented
reproductive system unique system vary appreciably male female think difference sexes indelibly stamped weeks embryonic structural difference discounting chromosomal differences apparent males females male female gonads testes male ovaries female identical microscope genitalia external sex organs identical male female differences arise later fetal development birth anatomical differences distinguish males females present differences due differential growth set structures female structures resemble undifferentiated embryo male structures undergone considerable change figure clitoris female remains embryonic position adult male carried forward inches glans head penis urethra carry end penis grows glans portion urethra penis corresponds labia minora folds female female urethra pass clitoris opens finally labia majora outer folds female grow fuse form male scrotum bag holds testes internal differences males females greater figures basic duct female consisting vagina uterus fallopian tubes derived embryonic structure vas deferens male duct likewise female equivalent male glands prostate seminal vesicles
spermicidal agents prior coitus conjunction diaphragm rubber disk blocks entrance uterus effective large part females tend motivated matters contraception males iuds intrauterine devices apparently function irritating uterus slightly causing ovum move quickly fallopian tubes preventing fertilization implantation drawbacks include spontaneous expulsion device knowledge user occurrence later prove embarrassing say occasional hemorrhaging iuds women child increased rates infection possibly string removing iud route bacteria enter upper reproductive tract contraceptive method presently favored million women pill kinds birth control pills exist major types estrogen progesterone mimics real hormones destroyed digestive tract liver mimics prevent substantial amounts fsh lh produced surge production fsh lh takes place menstrual cycle ovulation occurs ovum conception obviously impossible despite grave concern impact female endocrine system pill proved remarkably safe drug variety side effects clearly ideal method women recent study confirms benefits outweigh risks dangers pregnancy considerably exceed dangers posed pill tubal ligation female equivalent vasectomy procedure fallopian tubes severed figure
differentiation specialization cells structural functional sense mature cells tissues look perform differently unlike cells ultimately products single fertilized egg cells theoretically share identical sets genes differentiated cells differ genes possess questions large measure answered elegant series experiments involving nuclear transplantation variety species animals nucleus fertilized egg removed destroyed nucleus differentiated cell transplanted egg impressive regularity egg proceeds normal development functional adult fully representative species capacity nuclei differentiated cells direct normal development called totipotency genetic makeup nuclei irreversibly changed processes differentiation adults produced nuclear transplantation experiments genetically identical animals transplanted nuclei originally genetically identical organisms called clones identical twins exemplify naturally occurring clones date transplantation experiments involved amphibian eggs generally large easy manipulate eggs mammals smaller size period line print fragile nonetheless mice experimentally cloned potential exists cloning humans eventually face moral ethical ramifications experiments individuals selected cloning decisions criteria think questions generation ago scientists debating molecules heredity proteins nucleic acids
dangers posed forms radiation pale threat posed release radioactive materials nuclear explosions radioactive isotopes emit radiation released atmosphere united states ussr competed produce largest bomb faced community enraged hazards radioactive fallout countries gave ground testing france china recently india attempted fill void nations thought nearing testing stages bombs primary problem fallout activity strontium radioactive isotope element strontium atomic structure strontium similar calcium strontium atom larger tends incorporated place calcium growing bones young children amount strontium small emits radiation radiation mutation cell damage bone marrow site blood cell formation researchers justifiably fearful continued production strontium bomb tests lead increase leukemia radioactive materials place normal functioning ecosystems biological mechanism exists distinguishing normal radioactive isotopes element required element mimic case strontium retained cycle radioactive despite damage organisms german chemist synthesized urea test tube declared organic chemistry open human experimentation repeatedly stumbled newer exotic organic compounds organisms historically exposed
species employ variety reproductive strategies principal types stand characterize don put eggs basket versus put eggs basket watch basket organisms adopt strategy figure animals diverse oysters tapeworms produce millions eggs reach adulthood species beat odds surviving producing eggs survive chance birds mammals especially primates follow strategy number offspring small produce offspring young carefully nurtured larger percentage reach adulthood reproductive strategies important respect identical permits population explosions reproductive potential species theoretical reproductive capacity free constraints animals produce offspring short generation times illustrate reproductive potential offspring generation survived pair houseflies trillion descendants end thousand houseflies person earth bacterium dividing fifteen minutes produce end ball bacteria size known universe expanding outward speed light examples dramatic sure similar result occur species aardvarks elephants humans
ironies modern individuals desire increased personal freedom laws pervasive restrictive growth laws function increasingly mobile crowded society number contacts individuals increases chances inimical encounters increase society provide standards govern encounters putting moral values moment dissemination birth control information legalization abortion contributed significantly recent decline birth rates mandating lower birth rates course entirely question substantial progress ecological stress areas surrounded laws regulating environment fifteen ago laws unknown national environmental policy act established environmental protection agency epa dates effective regulation air pollution dates clean air amendments water quality laws longer history passage amendments water pollution control act epa broad charge respect water quality specifically epa ordered restore maintain chemical physical biological integrity nation water laws tend formed vacuum typically created reasonable attempting find reasonable answers widely recognized problems regards esoteric concepts environmental quality informed irate citizenry primary force establishment laws regulations designed effect remedies difference obviously separates laws power set regulations actually enforcing
past ten united states experienced beginning health revolution increasing numbers americans ages turning healthier lifestyles throngs joggers head parks early morning business women walk bicycle transported passively car bus million united states successfully quit smoking haven kicked habit thirds tried percent quit study american health habits desires percent studied interested learning diet improvement percent wanted learn techniques reducing stress percent wanted commitment exercise program according national center health statistics adults ages seventeen thirds trying lose weight public opinion polls report close half adult american population actively concerned effects lifestyle health american public interested healthy lifestyles health promotion coming recognized social movement major proportions diseases affect americans today chronic diseases cardiovascular disease cancer emphysema infectious diseases smallpox tuberculosis begun realize sophisticated drugs hospitals surgical procedures largely ineffective chronic diseases expert put society increasingly aware modern diseases threats health heavily problems behavior true health status part function heredity genetic makeup inherit parents predispose genetic diseases sickle cell anemia muscular dystrophy predispose higher risk potential developing diseases heart disease diabetes arthritis cancer
learn emotional responses observing experience psychologists call process social learning modeling theorists suggest powerful forms social learning rewarded behaviors observe imitate admire identify parents important role models voluntarily involuntarily find acting mothers fathers similar situations say course behavior fixed early age social learning continues grow older selective choosing models social learning affect emotional response pattern seen american regard crying displays emotion movies cry male characters american movies show emotion special breed emotions show packaged carefully american seldom cry real show emotion viewed weak small boys cry frequently society grow tough noncrying social learning imitate real adults hard cowboys movies learn hide emotions fact society define maturity terms tightly controls emotions re born capacity experience emotions trait inherited animal ancestors end child indentifiable complex human emotions including love fear fascination
united states officially recorded committed suicide according educated estimates true number suicides high ten suicide attempts successful suicide million living united states tried kill decades suicides teenagers young adults women increased sharply number suicides aged twenty twenty doubled death rate suicide compared death rate leukemia attempted suicide highest risk groups subsequent suicide percent suicides previously attempted threatened suicide young adults suicide attempts cry help heeded attempt suicide frequently trying cope situation find intolerable unfortunately attempt succeeds permanent solution actually temporary problem suicide times likely occur severely depressed general population depressed commit suicide person depressed exhibits warning signs don allow false sense security american communities suicide prevention centers hotlines operated volunteers trained counsel callers need help coping personal crises subtle suicide attempt dramatic plea help proclamation hoplessness suicide spontaneous act person plans consciously order escape intolerable existence
widely stimulant america course caffeine drinking cups coffee cans cola harm harmful kinds stimulant amphetamines cocaine amphetamines extremely dangerous stimulants basically stimulants rev neural network known sympathetic division autonomic nervous system autonomic nervous system ans relays impulses muscle tissues body voluntary control heart intestinal muscles sympathetic network part autonomic nervous system readies cope stress known fight flight reaction discussed chapter emergency past part system parasympathetic nervous system reverses things restores normality slowing heart rate sending digestive system stimulant drugs mobilize body fight flight mechanism inappropriately fact needed caffeine low level powerful stimulants larger scale endangering body protecting crave extra mug coffee tea cola drink pep slow swallow caffeine realize potent drug caffeine found chemically related stimulants known theophylline theobromine drug acts fast minutes downed cup coffee caffeine raced part body increases flow urine stomach acid relaxes involuntary muscles steps intake oxygen speeds basal metabolic rate percent
drink sensibly allowing intoxicated need aware alcohol control effects pointers restrict drinking special occasions don overdo friend wedding extra drinks put commission amd danger nuisance avoid drinking daily regularly drinking steady re likely develop habit lead dependence limit sure don exceed track drinks sure alcohol handle losing control test home observing stay limit parties avoid mixed drinks kinds liquor martinis manhattans stronger drunk faster choose drink mixed nonalcoholic beverage orange juice club soda drink slowly don gulp drinks alcohol goes immediately stomach quickly passed bloodstream circulated body faster gulp drunker drink empty stomach especially hot food slow absorption alcohol stomach empty alcohol pass bloodstream quickly hot drinking empty stomach especially harmful produce hypoglycemia low blood sugar making feel dizzy weak shifting mood rapidly find substitutes alcohol enjoy parties try mineral waters twist lime lemon sip fruit juice
compounds cigarette smoke percent gaseous toxic carbon monoxide gases found tobacco smoke considered hazardous carbon monoxide affects bodies ways related oxygen deprivation carbon monoxide impairs blood capacity carry oxygen causing problems suffering cardiovascular diseases researchers believe carbon monoxide partly responsible heightened risk heart attack stroke cigarette smokers combination carbon monoxide nicotine fault remaining percent smoke consists solid nongaseous matter ash tar rich condensate wet particulate matter comprising hundreds substances tar sticky residue burning tobacco consisting chemicals separated parts acidic basic neutral animal tests neutral part shows highest carcinogenic cancer causing activity benzopyrene deadliest carcinogens known chemicals family acidic part tarry condensate phenol materials carcinogens cancer researchers believe activate dormant cancer cells grow spread basic part tar chemicals shown pose risk human health grim word describe facts relationship smoking disease deaths nearly percent deaths united states related smoking think huge number percent equals deaths deaths due age car accidents common deaths habit smoking
past tendency blame infertility woman percent infertile matings anatomical physiological defect wholly partially responsible specialists recognizing today fertility tested easily microscopic study specimen semen low sperm count low male fertility condition treated medication infertility woman caused minor condition easily corrected difficult tell causing problem general bodily disorders glandular disorders host conditions pelvis help woman sterile tests carried pelvic area parts body specialist run gas fallopian tubes find open follow microscopic examination mucus obtained woman cervix ovulates hours intercourse object sperm alive intercourse women vaginas unknown factor kills sperm small sample woman uterine lining find favorable nourishing fertilized ovum major advance overcoming blocked fallopian tubes major female infertility test tube baby born england babies born amazing technique known invitro fertilization ripe ovum surgically removed woman body mixed laboratory father sperm
culture values rugged individualism going need warm human relationships denied viewed sign weakness try achieve close personal ties relatives friends sexual partners choose children relationships help give sense human beings help satisfy number emotional needs needs intimacy close loving relationship express thoughts freely feel trust person deepest feelings needs reassurance worth feeling valued considered special meaningful lives needs sense support knowledge turn help needs nurturance need care cared relationship fill person emotional needs regardless person married single needs special closeness sense sharing develop friends siblings parents children relatives coworkers chapter going focus marriage parenthood options selected culture want share lives devote attention phases term relationships including courtship cohabitation living discuss single lifestyle today assumes heterosexual married couple natural vital adult lifestyle united states larger vocal politically influential population single
epidemiology study distribution dynamics disease affects large groups studying disease population level trying solve large complicated puzzle puzzle deadly question epidemiologist likely ask disease widespread important disease reached epidemic proportions epidemic occur disease affects larger number area experts expected basis previous experience epidemic spreads huge areas affecting entire country continent called pandemic diseases occur area considered endemic area cholera endemic parts indonesia pandemic spread entire country epidemiologist need look specific statistics describe health experiences population study mortality rates number deaths occurring population period morbidity incidence rates number cases diagnosed susceptible population expectancy average span person living specific population infant mortality number infants die age proportion live births period maternal mortality number pregnancy related deaths occur immediately childbirth women aged fifteen forty marshalling numbers easy part study disease outbreak difficult hard find mechanism explain outbreak occurred
dubbed silent killer rarely noticeable symptoms hypertension high blood pressure affects close million united states women higher blood pressure greater risk coronary artery disease study showed systolic pressure times likely coronary disease systolic pressure persons high blood pressure ten times higher risk stoke individuals unelevated pressure hypertension forces heart harder condition leading congestive heart failure addition unrelieved blood pressure blood vessels lose elasticity forces fatty materials arterial walls speeding development atherosclerosis hypertension rarely found persons twenty age systolic blood pressure maximum pressure artery tends increase advancing age fifty approximately half population high blood pressure form unaware age fifty fifty likely women high blood pressure nonwhites times likely affected whites cure hypertension cases controlled medication adjustments diet number effective drugs diuretics reduce volume blood lower blood pressure tranquilizers calm central nervous system newly developed beta blockers drugs impede nerve impulses tend affect width small blood vessels hypertensive individuals warned restrict salt intake salt retention fluids increasing blood volume putting additional strain blood vessels
hard believe industrialized countries fourth adult population eats kind fast food restaurant establishments united states burger palaces taco stands pizza parlors fried chicken emporiums popular nutritionists pointed fast food meals lack essential nutrients steady diet nutritional fast foods nearly fast food meal supply essential nutrients eat big mac roast beef sandwich helping colonel fried chicken likely daily requirement protein carbohydrates meet daily energy requirement fast food entrees include enriched bread rolls supply adequate nearly adequate percentage vitamin niacin thiamine riboflavin fast food entrees burgers pizzas sandwiches chicken nutritional problem fast food meals high fat salt sugar total calories especially considering limited nutrients easy calories fast food meal cheeseburger french fries chocolate shake apple pie add calories depending energy needs half calories need deal calories fat half calories serving french fries fat cooked
cookie says parent crying child eat vegetables want dessert food comforter special treat food lead weight problems seriously overweight eat especially feeling low double fudge brownie eaten consolation lead obesity trouble comes eating takes primary means coping tensions frustrations stop brownie eat obesity defense find close personal relationships threatening obesity avoiding intimate ties extreme overweight lead poor image easy psychological aspects obesity lock person cycle overeating difficult break families eating traditions harder family members control weight children raised parents eat double portions high calorie foods encouraged eat need helpings flatter cook lead lifelong weight problem risky generalize social psychological aspects obesity explanation person weight problem bearing hotly debated questions area weight control obese person body processes food fundamentally nonobese person body theory holds obese fat cells body times normal weight potential storage space fat
age say person forty mean forty passed date birth figure meaningless forty thirty fifty twenty productive ahead fifty call biological age individual taking account health likely live individual age determined date birth determine individual biological age helpful including businesses hiring employees voters assessing candidates gerontologists mention insurance companies research human beings area extremely difficult virtually impossible follow large group subjects full lifetimes span studies mainly short lived experimental animals rats mice theory aging suggests mammals including humans biological clock ticks individual maximum lifespan relative timing periods span interestingly periods roughly mammals rats maximum span humans span ratio birth puberty period total span species mammals number heartbeats full spans means small short lived rats faster pulses larger longer lived humans
recently poets philosophers theologians chose dwell subject death difficulty thinking deaths deaths close doctors nurses soldiers undertakers faced death daily basis rarely talk find conversation tended refer death politely obliquely euphemisms passed departed avoid direct references euphemisms past decade american public exposed mounting barrage information speculation death death topic conversation course study field research american colleges universities offer courses thanatology greek rooted word meaning study death scholarly journals report latest clinical findings research death dying recent wave interest death dying thing medical legal experts recently obliged definitions death past person considered dead stopped breathing heart ceased beat today medical technology able maintain heartbeat respiration dead developments raised questions control die death actually occur today advanced surgical procedures transplant body parts kidneys important point death happens organs legitimately removed transplantation
react death depends part loved died death comes surprise spouse feel limits grief ease studies widows widowers found lingerng illness death spouse chance anticipate death begin terms researchers noted phenomenon called anticipatory grief spouse begins feel loss grieve actual death death wife husband express relief spouse suffering anticipatory grieving bereaved spouse suffer intensely moment death immediately confronted sudden unexpected loss anticipate sense loss desolation strong death actually occurs researchers found patterns bereaved patterns emerge case arise warrant attention soon death husband wife tends idealize deceased survivor describe deceased mother wife person lived realistic memories emerge surges anger unexpected intense wife angry husband left especially left care children reaction confusing surviving spouse feel guilty anger especially idealizing dead husband
impression americans lived look alike families situated look alike houses look alike neighborhoods tired joke inebriated husband returns home suburban development family lives mistakes house discover error tries kiss neighbor wife says alleged similarities families monotony tract houses suburbia decade premium conformity conform low profile decade appeared reason public concern marriage family america marriage oriented society matrimony celebrated songs mass circulation magazines love marriage horse carriage pop hit domesticity glorified togetherness invented women magazines migration suburbs accelerated young married earlier age families swollen large crop baby boom children mass medium television millions exposed vision modern family suburban setting images family portrayed popular television programs ozzie harriet father knows reflected mood times sure nelsons happy problems resolved end half hour segment problems real families era easily resolved customs habits regulated relations women children satisfactory
age science statistics common ploys persuasion preface key claims phrases experts agree studies toothpaste sold arguments won statements dentists surveyed recommended bronzo effective leading dentifrice phrases serve magic wand waved dubious opinions sound convincing scientific judge relaibility observation generalization reading social science research carefully critically learn detect exaggerated claims informed consumers read labels making purchases skeptical readers look clues determine informed misinformed social science research observational techniques methodologies allow important facts relationships clearly casual observation intuition language social science research difficult ten suggestions help read social science research understanding remember distinguish facts personal opinions coached witnesses courtroom social scientists trained stick facts avoid personal opinion learn distinguish sure wrong writer argues case tries persuade share opinion novelist essayist larry mcmurtry introduction narrow grave essays texas vi haven spent thirty texas able objective place writer trying report facts convince opinion
emphasis romantic attraction free choice selection process today difficulty accepting important respect customs practiced india mate selection takes place marriage market young person expected carry bargaining help parents think types questions frequently asked setting singles bar minutes conversation asked college plan graduate kind car drive concerns indian parents search mate son daughter tend fall love reward pleasing personality appearance sharing achievements important respects modern matchmaking services technologies computers videotapes perform services parents traditional societies questionnaires computerized dating service asks fill reflect assumption indian parents initially important thing bring similar important respects crucial question design matchmaking service course characteristics significant predicting compatibility difficult program computer match idiosyncrasies ads personal column american periodicals ad seeking synergistic closeness bizarre existential adventures moon bright describes ponderer professional dilettante successfully marooned mass communications seeks handsome bold wacky female loners
marriages end divorce courts choose wrong partner wrong reason wrong points mind choice course infallible advice guidelines based experience marriage counselors research summarized chapter worthwhile mind love reasons married marrying friends escape unhappy family situation bad reasons love common reason getting married sufficient try examine reasons wanting married love sexual attraction sex obviously important intimate partnership element relationship affection enjoyment respect part sexual attraction matter strong compatible differences basic areas goals religion role expectations real problems later sure understand partner assumptions privileges obligations marriage try honest fears inadequacies courtship encourages put face conceal weaknesses fears problems inadequacies partner accept find decide marry discover partner fears reveal short term attractions term commitments experience finding attractive setting discover setting person appealing
parents typically convey accurate sexual information convey attitudes apparently anxieties parents express answering sexual questions young children questions virtually stop children ten word action researchers conclude cleveland parents repeating pattern set parents includes verbal communication sexuality roberts al cloak silence sexuality households reason parents reluctant talk sex fear discussions interpreted acknowledgment children sexual activity matter age undoubtedly feelings embarrassment help account pattern revealed cleveland study parents say display physical affection presence children information gap parents children due lack knowledge sex part parents absence suitable vocabulary talking sexual functions considering silence sexual matters maintained families surprising children turn peers information parents problems getting accurate information partly situation blind leading blind male adolescents conversations sexuality typically consist tales sexual prowess assertions sexuality tales physical prowess stories sexual exploits commonly element exaggeration reveal adolescent aspirations actual encounters
think popular stereotypes unmarried images mind hear words spinster maid imagine thin dried cranky lady fixture american popular culture appearing miss watson huckleberry finn tolerable slim maid goggles recently aunt sarah walt disney movie lady tramp bachelors receive kinder treatment assumed hopelessly eccentric henry higgins fair lady representative charming lovable impossible live bachelors spinsters commonly portrayed individuals fussy preferences lead avoid inevitable complications involvements popular images unmarried culture exceptions negative parents present generation college students married began raise children able understand parents eager children marry families recall strong marriage orientation course strong pressures marriage number singles growing individuals marry nonconforming minority pressure marry blatant kind sheila levine dead living york heroine goes sister wedding sheila dear look wonderful going married thank coming look wonderful pretty bride wait dance wedding parent subtle nonspecific pressure sort wonderment thirty single describes stein
broader perspective marriage affected priority accorded personal growth individual fulfillment phase lives look descriptions family past cultures reminded performance obligations family community took precedence fulfillment words discussion marriage india japan rigid principle eastern stability family maintenance social order happiness individual mace mace commenting american family system nineteenth century sociologist william goode remarks took granted spouses longer love found distasteful live public amity sake children standing community today choke idea couple continue live despite personal dissatisfactions sake influenced set ideals assumptions uncommon personal growth individual fulfillment precedence traditional obligations puzzled italian father film lovers strangers takes traditional perspective purposes marriage son tries explain reason seeking divorce wife happy father asks happiness marriage young pursuit happiness deal marriage
status report efforts achieve equality sexes establish public policies affirm protect women rights proceedings supreme court session special interest court produced major rulings subject racial equality topic equality sexes dominated session center controversial cases sex discrimination challenge california statutory rape law punishes intercourse underage women punish women sex underage males widely publicized case questioned constitutionality draft registration program excludes women central issue cases gender specific distinctions justifiable mid legal impediments laws distinguished sexes thinnest justifications women prevented working bartenders grounds unfit boisterous environment case craig boren supreme court began require kind justification gender based distinctions based stereotypes fact need point court ruled legal distinctions sexes substantially related important government interest court provide clear cut guidelines laws single women treatment fell short advocates women rights legislation sought equivalent brown board education decision outlawed separate equal facilities races decision ushered modern era civil rights
main reasons middle class upper middle class women today support feminist spent college community treated equals percentage american women attended college doubled college educated women longer granted mothers destined homemakers mothers recent complaints housewife role important consequence teaching women expectations strains housewife role inevitable housewives choose move home friendly relationships neighbors community activities define ways limited routine household tasks study chicago area housewives sociologist helena lopata interviewed women concluded feminist stereotype housewives basically passive unimaginative uninterested events walls chained routine tasks unable understand husbands children perform home false lopata find number restricted housewives relationships family saw relationships husbands terms male dominance resented defined role series chores found pattern prevalent affluent families suggests rewards housewife role rewards lopata discovered feeling competence intelligent consumer society offers choices takes skill decorate home clothe family pick choose variety stores metropolitan area demand intelligence creativity
rape trials hinge victim word defendant standard tactic defense raise questions woman provoked encouraged attack details victim sex considered relevant testimony court strongest line defense attack woman seductive habits women wanted prosecute rape case agreeing effect submit public scrutiny past sexual habits controversial court decisions judges wisconsin california ruled defendants charged rape released women provoke commit sexual acts dress act effect argued advocates judicial reform area victims rape raped criminal justice system mid half states adopted rape shield laws protect victims rape endure public grilling previous sexual activities michigan comprehensive rape reform passed served model legislation essentially judge wider latitude deciding testimony hears chambers woman past sexual history simply prejudice jury change states longer require evidence strenuous physical resistance attack widespread recognition resistance leads greater injury victim greater controversy stirred efforts abolish common law rule husband convicted raping wife campaign women groups refer legal rape visible rideout case oregon husband charged rape wife spouses living acquitted
lately researchers clinicians begun point affairs common marriages bad invariably destructive cases actually help marriage psychologist albert ellis contends healthy disturbed reasons extramarital sex positive reasons includes desire enjoy variety sexual partners desire richer experience desire adventure escape humdrum existence sexual curiosity frustration brought sexual deprivation ellis declare adultery conditions morally merely range social psychological normality lead satisfaction parties involved disturbed reasons infidelity mentions hostility spouse inability face ordinary frustrations daily desire find relief sexual disturbances need ego bolstering desire escape marital problems facing significant feature ellis discussion regards extramarital sex exactly behavior automatically ruled religious prohibitions ellis believes extramarital sex judged advisable inadvisable according motives interpersonal consequences theologians religious leaders suggested recent conditions extramarital sex acceptable study group presbyterians produced document discussion included statement recognize exceptional circumstances extramarital sexual activity contrary interests faithful concern marriage partner
experience middle aged women late forties early fifties typically achieved occupational security success anticipate satisfactions ten contrast women committed primarily mother role find empty nest preparation cultural support enter act sustain sense usefulness script defined tradition telling demanding role transition middle aged women expected help explain psychologist marjorie lowenthal associates point book stages middle aged women mention difficulties getting husbands nearly counts middle aged women confronting postparental period clearly critical period male counterparts pp considerable discussion problems experienced women empty nest phase including depression sense uselessness evidence extent traumatic responses inconsistent noted rollins feldman study found reported satisfaction women goes beginning period rise later results variety small scale surveys summarized glenn suggest marital satisfaction decline women postparental phase departure children home typically lasting psychological problems middle aged mothers results recent intensive study women children left home point conclusion
brave aldous huxley imagined society future sex procreation entirely separate children mass produced run hatcheries conditioning centers fortunately dim prospect birth test tube baby appeared significant step direction widely publicized cases medical history english doctors dr patrick steptoe dr robert edwards accomplished working couple bear children wife mrs lesley brown blocked fallopian tubes removed ripe egg ovary fertilized petri dish sperm husband allowed ovum incubate planted developing embryo mrs brown uterus experiment led july human birth egg fertilized laboratory rarely scientific breakthrough greeted mixed feelings hand potential benefits procedure couples want children conceive considerable procedure doctors help women fallopian tubes defective bear children drs steptoe edwards anticipate procedure overcome sterility due inadequate sperm production judging poll conducted parents magazine louis harris associates soon brown child born considerable interest method called vitro fertilization percent married women polled trouble getting pregnant percent women childbearing age consider method
tendency preserve protect traditional family unit expressed clearly cases involving individuals chosen alternatives cohabitation homosexual marriages communes legally recognized choose alternatives privacy homes undeterred fact laws recognize valid marriage family units sanction law cohabitors living homosexual marriages communes denied privileges extended married couples qualify group medical insurance claim social security survivor benefits benefits workmen compensation choose alternative family styles face problems inheritances custody children parents separate dies mention law recognizes legally married spouses refuse testify criminal cases courts force cohabiting couples weisberg legal problems faced choose form communes illustrated supreme court decision legal weapon frequently communes restrictive zoning ordinance excludes multiadult households areas specifically zoned single family dwellings discriminatory deny housing basis race religion nationality zoning ordinances exclude communal groups consist unrelated adults village belle terre york university students rented house village residents maintained action violated local ordinance stipulating unrelated adults share house students informed violation brought suit ordinance declared unconstitutional
complicated don buy insurance sold sign determining need lower price buyer resistance prevents insurance companies turning simple plans complex programs attractive insurance business highly competitive salespeople promote policies bring highest commission policies insured coverage cost basically kinds insurance term ordinary term insurance simplest expensive period term policy insurance company receives premium payable monthly installments promises pay face policy insured dies term generally policy renewed higher premium account greater probability death insured older term insurance savings lending provisions refund policy canceled expries buy considerably cheaper kinds insurance exactly designed commission term insurance lower kinds policies salespeople try sell type insurance ordinary called straight requires premium payments insured alive death policy exemptions pays beneficiary predetermined amount money insured premium remains unchanged insured average lifetime premium
enter prices food fuel gasoline housing necessities continue rise welfare millions working class americans find pay bills choose food fuel chapter interviews boston area showed set thermostats healthy temperatures age visitors embarrassed cold houses scrimp food pay fuel bill cruel cold hungry lifetime hard mcmillan forty widow maine suffering kidney disease tired care children monthly cash allotment march february spend wood stove cupboard bare ten days children lived rice pound bag potatoes cost ashamed children school ragged clothes stop driving son hospital treatments needed strengthen leg healed properly broken hip afford buy gasoline thomas millions lack necessities urged buy superfluous october issue smithsonian magazine caters affluent advertises items greek fishermen caps genuine korean apothecary chest senator walking stick replica gold handled walking stick congressman preston brooks historic caning senator charles sumner senate floor quoted kilian york furrier sale invitation raisin dyed ribbed beaver coat sold usual sable priced sold reilly produces items buys
issues death reality class societies poor working classes known working class americans resented antiwar demonstrations vietnam war supported war demonstrators college students armed forces working class sons dying vietnam levison fallows reports graduates harvard avoiding war hundred classmates replied survey served armed forces battle scenes successful careers working class fought vietnam suffered tremendously died wounded deserted continue suffer prejudice discrimination problems fallows ras bryant rich war poor fight gitlin hollander dramatic examples open chapter important understand classes mere sociological categories statistics incomes jobs merely labeling devices things course classes refer differences lead lives opulence insecurity suffering struggle experience short classes things measured counted relationships groups interests experiences differ thompson pp homes rich live experience page ad york times march announced bold letters afford seriously consider purchasing cooperative apartment park avenue
argument eternal existence classes argument present version functionalist theory inequality according theory money power prestige possess things rewards contributing welfare society doctors money contribute survival society according view garbagemen assembly line workers doctors receive rewards compensate rare skills training develop skills sacrifices call examples essence functionalist perspective receive higher rewards deserve contribute survival society variations functionalist theory duberman summarizes argument power privilege motivated basically selfish interests altruism exists infrequently gained lost proffering money power prestige everywehre short supply competing obtain fellow human beings equally endowed nature fight scarce services duberman say hunting gathering tribal societies minimal inequality relative equality explained relative poverty society eat mere survival food obtained soon surpluses arise food possessions soon longer guarantee survival inequalities arise duberman claims increasing inequality agricultural industrial societies pp
service provide help needs defined clients mpa clearly fits description mpa organized patients recognized needs met existing mental health system believe service founded clients criterion met service formulated input clients needs predefined clients fit structure order benefit service mpa needs continually presented organization grown response needs experiments tried successful point rural residence words member farm support community help group distance mpa prevented development kind support coordinators residents needed gave idea fresh air country magic curative effect group free change response needs master plan fulfill flaws recognized dealt bureaucracy defend unsuccessful plan ideas fail succeed based participation service completely voluntary mpa meets standard completely initial contact drop center prospective member residences hospital social worker makes inquiry prospective resident makes arrangements place person mpa involved compulsory activity control matter told clients able choose participate aspects service required participate mpa program member chooses aspect organization participate members partake service aspects getting involved decision making residents drop center
didn think say written card list call card fifteen cards person names addresses phone numbers mrs du bois moment re wondering subscribe newspapers short months paper worthy help blind children crusade mercy hand month period longer desire cancel helped need wanted didn care surely fast talked continually lie wasn disgust growing minute pray pray hold longer needed money getting difficult calls call routine guy listened patiently help blind tone voice tell person willing help couldn read paper poor sure worst ghetto area apologized thanked left ladies room nauseous sitting telling bunch lies poor blind willing help taking money pp don pressure intimidation say bathroom foreman hold ignore leave job bathroom risk fired line moves don understand guys don flip re machine hit type thing
socialism guarantee workers control soviet union east european socialist societies workday workplace resemble united states capitalistic societies sure material improvements elimination exploitation conceive direct braverman ch yanowitch ch cuba trials errors committed real liberation workers gradually managers powerful lifestyle resembles workers workers gaining confidence controls boring jobs eliminated shared zeitlin zimbalist american visitor cuba early visited cigar factory havana constant meeting topic arrangements forthcoming week shutdown paid vacation period course continued workers left posts forward microphone points collars sense february yugoslavia committed formal workers control early widely known effort workers control jenkins summarizes essential features key instrument worker control workers council exist enterprise companies employing persons employees members larger companies members directly elected employees vote principle council holds formal power approves important management decisions appoints management personnel sets salary scales decides hiring firing establishes capital investment programs carries term planning general runs company
exploring issues important clear destruction community writers attribute impersonal force technology industrialization stein writes trend increased interdependence decreased local autonomy leisure recreation innovation centralized trend seen impersonal capitalists capitalist institutions increase control profit centralization stein gallaher iwanska china decentralization local control rule burchett alley creation central places factories removed neighborhoods dictated technological necessity beginning industrial revolution cottage workers brought factories skilled jobs immediately divided skilled tasks arranged sequentially sequential arrangement efficient machinery foreman pace worker line automatically bound place matter historical fact machinery early factories developed division labor established destruction skills actually preceded invention modern industrial machinery machinery created later specifically suit arrangement production means universal eternal efficient garson beginning capitalism present communities destroyed impersonal forces decisions capitalist groups institutions main motive control profit
discussed women including hard physical labor greek peasant society agricultural labor women societies today united states societies women physically demanding look women fact history lead conclusion women biologically incapable society assumption weakness social weakness physical weakness oppresses women mitchell deny differences women aware exactly differences women social inequalities unequal treatment biology daughter physically stronger boys age twenty weaker age biology socialization sixteen ehrenreich english point issue need occupational health hazards specific women actual emotional patterns accompanying menstruation pregnancy potential hazards contraceptive methods areas distorted medicine concern understand biology purposes lose sight fact biology oppresses social system based sex class domination biological differences exist sexes differences socially significant choose important argue nature woman parent nurse fact limits women mobility stay closer home need socialist societies working mothers thirty forty minute extra breaks nurse children
working women national association office workers pioneer workplace change breaking ground women movement acting improve quality working nation million women office workers roots meeting ten women downtown boston nearly ago gathering women discovered experiences common employed banks insurance companies universities office environment denied women satisfaction basic needs adequate pay job security women consistently frustrated attainment esteem job women decided reach office workers change conditions employment working women movement today born later original office workers groups established firm local identities demonstrated ability win stronger enforcement discrimination laws change unfair employment practices raise issues public working women sponsored organizations boston cleveland san francisco helps establish groups women office workers training staff produces resource materials counsels groups site working women coordiantes regional campaigns end discrimination directs national events conducts programs public outreach today working women members forty states affiliated groups dozen cities acting lasting lives working women organization women organization clout makings major national movement
beef cattle grazed ready slaughter kind grass corn fed determined taste tenderness roasts steaks eventually reached dinner table grazing exists replaced chemical hormone stimulation enable cattle stuffed twenty pounds feed daily fattening commercial beef takes place commercial feedlots ownership concentrated element food industry browning pp think dangers degradation heap living things chicken cattle born live killed indoors confined quarters outdoors produced cars assembly line style transform living beings commodities depriving contact think treatment affects degrade environmental pollution leads health dangers united states industry introduces chemicals testing effects health environment environmental protection agency considered chemicals dangerous tested course effects estimated percent cancers caused environmental factors industrial chemicals vinyl chloride large part factors nitrate found chemical fertilizers underground waters study illinois showed months nitrate levels water increased female infant mortality births jacobs huebner commoner poisoning water nitrate noticed forerunner learning criminal assault environment health
high charges medical care simply reflect shortage doctors demand services shortage surgeons fact general practitioners general surgeons perform unnecessary operations pad bills klaw think getting opinions necessity operation decrease number surgeries drummond doubts cites study children examined found need tonsillectomies examinations pediatricians advised needed operation round examinations remaining resulted recommendation needed tonsils removed opinions kind doctors giving opinions decrease operations drummond high fees cheating doctors partial explanation rising cost medical care improtant fact medical care profitable big business medical care uniquely attractive features shares sectors economy features attracted presence large scale financial industrial institutions recent institutions subjecting medical care logic profitability perpetual expansion imposed spheres economy mckinlay conglomerates firestone atlantic entering drug medical technology field huge profits drugs health insurance hospital equipment profits high costs pennies sells dollars cost making milligram tablets valium cents druggists charged percent makeup
asbestos dust filled ship night joe inhaled millions fibers pierced soft moist air sacs lungs decades turned useless leather hew estimates americans die asbestos disease legacy decades negligence workplace patinkin late employees began sue asbestos companies hiding dangers asbestos documents lawsuits show continuing effort scientific findings secret proved dangers asbestos documents statements asbestos officials industry spent thousands dollars setting research projects saranac lake laboratory prevented researchers publishing findings indicating asbestos danger humans richards asbestos deadly substances exposed dioxin agent orange chemical contained defoliants publicized late america soldiers exposed sprayed vietnam reporting debilitating diseases course vietnamese exposed evidence piling vietnam birth deformities miscarriages sterility occurring greater rates vietnamese exposed agent orange exposed woollacott dioxin vietnam rural maine oregon expoesd aerial spraying homes winds carried spray farms gardens soon vegetables grotesque growths experienced unexplained breathing difficulties bleeding gums numbness fingertips maine birth defect rate percent percent sprayed area blake similar dangers hidden americans
according szymanski suffering lead revolution suffer natural environment poor exploitative society exploitation natural destined rise change conditions suffer exploited conditions plenty possibility plenty conscious exploitation unnecessary avoidable condition revolution arises need suffer begin struggle end suffering struggle collective planned term succeed equally important precondition revolution according szymanski political social economic crisis calls question ability ruling class rule conditions ruling class split begins lose ability rule society precondition revolution important understand preconditions exist capitalism fade internal contradictions revolutionary party exist lead struggle ruling class inequality exploitation existed united states decades crises existed depression recent living crisis times socialist parties begun grow presence known close taking power ruling class previous crises fundamental socialist parties strong committed resourceful ruling class able determined outlast crisis rate history clearly shows socialist parties strong severely repressed destroyed ruling class
vietnam war height project production war newsletter weekly war bulletin handed saturday supermarkets laundromats response generally sympathetic met local bulletin looked ways organize directly material conditions lives housing obvious answer glance situation acute shortage apartments worsening conditions higher rents replacement homeowners speculators urban renewal gentrification expense working class residents clear system housing profit disaster profiters influenced half dozen tenants organizations boston area founded student leftists mobilizing defend rent control legislation block evictions promote rent strikes efforts yielded respectable results tenant unions formed rent increases defeated repairs won evictions stopped cases group local activists helped oragnize human blockades prevent eviction woman demolition house violent harassment puerto rican families white neighbors dramatic important increased awareness community tenants rights working class policies city federal government local banks door knocking buildings owned targetted slumlords tenants touch help calls month hear friends community news radio ads give advice put energy helping working class willing collectively neighbors
general meaning refers feeling estranged emotions feelings belief control lives relation alienation refers lack control separation conception execution according marx alienation inherent capitalism marxist tradition class defined relation means production control major means producing goods services society means production socially class defined associates primarily marries according sweezy social class freely intermarrying families classes american society ruling class capitalism class dominates controls major means production corporations banks factories political institutions directly indirectly influences institutions class derive income property inherit stocks bonds real estate jobs professional managerial class doctors managers engineers psychologists professionals business management belong class major means production manage business ruling class class serves lessen compensate suffering inevitably suffer capitalism small business owners owners businesses types sizes restaurants hardware stores pharmacies major means production individuals class vary widely income beliefs styles eventually ruling class eventually lose businesses class declining steadily twentieth century poor unemployed welfare close minimum wage
help understand ideas greek philosophy command appreciation pre platonic philosophers light plato aristotle master systems philosophy systems parthenon finest hellenic sculpture appreciate vision heightened realization power human soul create understand study greek philosophy interesting valuable writing introduction greek thought textbook filled specific fact appreciation general terms specific content proves hard information early greek thought beginnings socrates systematic phase represented plato aristotle reconstruction earliest philosophers delicate painstaking job works survive reconstruct ideas contributions scattered direct quotations anecdotes criticisms later periods comparable ways trying re create john dewey philosophy thousand writings set direct quotes criticisms stories problem solved collected relevant materials formed judgment reliability determine meant early stages philosophy expressed literary forms epic epigram rules meaning diversity dealing meanings context stage language thought
led thales idea suggest factors relate theory engineer miletus training center engineers persian army stories thales identify profession milesian miletus greek persian egyptian lydian merchants travelers mingled conventional ideas greece easier set traveler sailor learn trips navigation rules later stories ionian greeks centered aegean sea fourth water part fresh water granted living things flavor appreciated poet pindar century later write things water combination suggestive experiences idea arose idea differences things trace transformations water fluid fiery gaseous solid underlying uniformity natural things matter rest motion short thales singled essential properties physical reality answered philosophic question entitled acclaim discover science philosophy fragment thales thought direct quotation preserved aristotle magnet psyche moves iron hydro greek thales mean kind fluid psyche soul mean kind conscious translation suggests
anaximander contribution general concept models immediately applied ways construction map known shows combination mechanical ingenuity scientific insight moving model show term relations astronomical periods smaller easily controlled observed scale map model projects relative distances directions smaller scale grasp single glance travel months try sense scattered jottings giving traveler itineraries places distance direction map shows fondness neatness symmetry characteristic greek science later classical maps models comes circle center delphi sacred stone omphalos believed mark exact center universe enclosed surrounding ocean stovepipe wheels primitive ancestor enormous progeny maps charts modern navigation exploration geography geology star map striking illustration early original scientific mentality seeing constellations omens ornaments project mapping skies supposes unity celestial terrestrial phenomena attempt understand aesthetic fantasy irresponsible superstition models duplicate study regularities nature important proven footnote general idea nature regular predictable anaximander expressed notion natural law things arise boundless reparations pay penalties injustices commit according measure
awkward thing parmenides truth appearances goddess philosopher mystic unbroken crystalline sphere appearances don pure greeks vivid appreciation believe truth obviously denied possibility evident facts experience unfortunately parmenides argument properties universal solvent medieval alchemy solvent chemical dissolve touched wonders alchemists looking thought found problem appearances sticks tightly parmenides text discovers intention statement choices raises baffling problem philosophy logic parmenides means clear prove hard provocative define today clear law excluded middle logical rule states applies rigorously fact find plato aristotle analysis concepts preserve parmenides rigorous logic accept philosophy thought follow opinion part poem known introduction fifteen scattered quotations goddess begins part speech saying cease truth mortals wrong naming forms light dark proper states
zeno paradox arrow simplest historically proven provocative asks simply flying arrow instant flight rest space equal length move question ask mathematicians physicists begin telling understand talking states moments represent things unextended instant build motion static snapshots rest question find interesting zeno fourth puzzle motion takes stadium achilles tortoise left spite zeno door moving solids carts chariots arranged pattern rest moving past chariot move chariot length depends speed moving chariot course speed imagine asked passing chariot length unit note common sense greek fond chariot racing chariot length natural measure distance chariot leads finishes faster suppose chariot moving fast opposite direction pass needs pass chariot length half original unit zeno concludes paradox half unit equal unit
empedocles notions adventures combining medicine magic incorporating orphic pythagorean beliefs metempsychosis system accepting proper honors paid god present sort problem interpretation idiosyncratic ways things empedocles characteristic greek thought characteristic philosophy science classical period idea evolution pictured view closed cycle genuinely open emergent later western thought characteristic scientist universal range interests sharp powers observation empedocles occasion respect clear logical argument characteristic reasonable inevitable distinctions clearly recognized recognized age empedocles influence medicine biology philosophy ideas remained permanent philosophic contribution interesting philosophy today primarily central question poses realistic merely arbitrary draw sharp lines subject object observer observed science mythology experiments performed experiments imagined argue modern philosophers continuous rest nature conscious feeling thought counterpart dim existence fish amoeba electron satisfied knowledge change plurality actual argue zeno proves unreasonable impossible
addition avoiding zeno paradoxes motion anaxagoras wanted change real account parmenides arguments single stuff real change real change leads impossibility coming existence objections holds matter things reality treated glasslike extension taking space qualities kind matter found atomic theory reality change affirmed saying exists separates atoms concept matter empedocles theory elements particles differing shape size presuppose anaxagoras notion matter opposite qualities hot cold moist dry qualities qualities stuff supports matter ultimate facts nature mere reflections surface frozen sphere filled extension property anaxagoras matter part states solution parmenides denial process comes sudden jumps relative intensity qualities mixtures contrary qualities pure mixed snow white cold black hot melts water simply added hot black mixture contained
balance sophists offer major constructive advance western philosophy effect critical sharp break tradition prologue studies social phenomena trust general theories rhetoric persuaded hearers science philosophy impractical alternative philosophy contribution earliest greatest teachers sophist group gorgias leontini improved art rhetoric applying formal logic debate oratory background pleas speeches rambled gorgias began rhetorical figures prose rhythm alliteration sharply topical outline tools oratory admit twenty hundred west familiar gorgian innovations try avoid effect greek audience fond argument conversation public speeches magical gorgias success diplomat athens sicily athenian poets statesmen began imitate style set statue delphi base erected relative later generation found gorgias speeches preserved artificial trite construction read funeral oration left undone left undone feel artificial cliche
speaker socrates agora socrates greek philosophy direction concern nature human persistence trying fellow citizens think children rich critical deflation politicians sophists claimed virtue taught redirected attention philosophers observed observer began philosophy implications everyday social political practice pursuit truth collision tradition political expediency dramatic scenes western history collision occur moment trial socrates political leaders athens found questions asking undermined uncritical support thought needed tried force leave city stop talking brought trial accused impiety subversive influence socrates refused intimidated compromise argued defense duty inquire athenians aware important questions prefer ignore claimed public benefactor criminal chance propose counter penalty death sentence asked prosecution deserved permanent board lodging public expense socrates condemned executed greece interest human spirit impartial inquiry found admirers continued present reminds importance intellectual freedom duty individual engage intelligent inquiry
pythagoreans discovered realm mathematical forms fact close connection eternal entities natural development methods deductive proof gave model knowing branches greek thought extension method mathematical proof reasoning general eleatics parmenides zeno parmenides insight highest form common reality plato true vivid intuition intuition parmenides develop systematically refused admit degrees reality left logical place appearance scheme things called parts relate harmonize pythagoreans eleatics represent dianoetic knowing level plato line dianoia awareness idea cosmos needed complete studies abstract form point attention greek thinkers artists shifted dramatically outer human nebulous inconsistent notions literature common sense presumably lowest level mere eikasia anaxagoras archelaus concerned place mind scientific schemes things tried part nature price making physical thing sophists challenged view saw formed public social convention nature drives pleasure securty notion directed attention choices habits motives scientific approach
interesting historically provocative setting modern problems look republic strands history theory form part fabric discussion society plato able weave theoretical tapestry satisfied philosophy education plato answer question socrates execution posed twenty plato philosophical platonists west ideas range st augustine theology whitehead science defining characteristics platonism mention important platonist believes function philosophy arrive single systematic synthesis drive completeness explanations ideas platonist accepts version theory forms holds generalizations explanatory platonist thinks reality forms single coherent system cut isolated departments inclined try transfer insights laws analogy part lines departmentalized finally platonist believes thought fact illustrates true beautiful single highest point platonic philosophy high point thought plato final development formalism greek philosophy reached systematic coherence aspects reality techniques insights earlier greek thought brought ordered cosmos dimensions form flow plato gave decisive statement importance form dependence fact
main stages aristotle career period student associate plato academy sojourn pella tutor alexander return athens found university competition academy exile athens death alexander writing deliberately impersonal married princess pythias died later mistress herpyllis provided children son named nicomachus grandfather daughter lines poetry death wife death plato diogenes laertius preserved give glimpse aristotle personal experiences adventures aristotle son macedonian doctor physician royal court age seventeen athens complete education academy certainly safe conclude unusually brilliant young athens apparently developed interest medicine familiarity doctor view things entirely lost later career athens academy evidently exciting congenial young student north aristotle stayed twenty student research assistant lecturer research scientist leave academy death plato hard interpret scattered fragments reports reflect young aristotle ideas period association academy experts agree later passages quoted aristotle early writings
invention sholes densmore typewriters milwaukee lost money turned hand period discouragement densmore friend employer george washington napoleon yost visit yost invited machine latest form suggestion milwaukee place manufacture typewriters knew place remington sons ilion york suggestion accepted yost densmore took latest model ilion contract signed philo remington thousand machines manufactured type writers bear famous remington sholes densmore dogged troubles contract remington signed march summer saw beginning panic typewriters ready public completely disinterested writing machine mark twain exception rule bought machines market author turn typewritten manuscript fact legend author famous line aid party mark twain testimonial sale typewriters continued slow fact according sheffield discouraging efforts remington threw unassembled parts scrapheap concluded typewriter future conclusion apparently shared sholes sold remaining share patent rights mere song
definite trend seen idea learn type personal convenience tool expression important place communication general education finding typewriter increases ability express combined bring study students plan completely acceptable kosmata survey high school pupils found percent favoring required course personal typewriting high school level macmillan found schools require course fact personal typewriting today offered elementary grades junior senior high schools colleges adult evening classes justification sought offering course arguments favoring placement level curriculum convincing true arguments real need personal typewriting junior high school level shown table page typewriting steadily increased popularity total enrollments leads business courses offered high school wide margin enrollment increases due large measure varied personal subject skill building program typewriting based main timed writings ranging length fifteen minutes accuracy keynote accuracy teachers care teacher spent getting students ready writings starting stopping students checking papers modern trend observing students
mailable papers hour method scoring production student counts mailable papers able turn amount mailable standard method scoring advantage encouraging incentives minimum standard set members class expected meet bonus grades able surpass standard pwam method scoring production materials requires specially constructed problem copy copy equated application set rules types business reports papers keystrokes counted word count increased strokes tabulator strokes inserting sheet paper machine strokes stroke heading centered strokes extra carriage return operations carry variety similar adjustments stroke count pwam scorings limit minutes score found dividing total words disadvantages student pwam method apparent difficulty equating copy precisely script rough draft difficult type printed copy treated student electric typewriter special repeat key mechanism advantage student manual typewriter pwam method eliminates incentive training efficient nontyping activities production typing straight copy tests minute periods
event according principle superiority intrinsic rewards pupil tyepwriting respond effectively incentive competition trying improve score question winner doomed failure pupil makes greatest gain period winner regardless gain words minute words minute goal pupil satisfaction improved morale enthusiasm members class device order post scores previous teacher merely averages scores straight copy tests period beginning semester weeks average score base individual student expected improve score entered teacher roll book posted bulletin board found students react favorably public posting scores improvement goal device works let say average tests sally jones week weeks semester gross words minute errors general instructions class teacher sally knows submit recording tests gwam errors improvement words minute regardless errors speed fewer errors
implications statements typewriting teacher suggest answers questions regarding typewriting straight copy skill transferred situations straight copy skill typist definite typing office problems nonetheless learn apply skill materials ability type excellent foundation build transcription skill skill learned transferred situations student excellent straight copy skill able reach high degree skill tasks transfer automatic trained diligence case original skill degree similarity activities affect degree transfer study students intermediate typing college level students semester students semester crawford found performance gaps keystroking skill production ability prior period formal instruction speed producing keystrokes transfer automatically production performance fact typists high keystroking rates comparatively low rates production tests recommended typewriting courses include intensive instruction production techniques procedures concerning matter practicing correct typing word consistently mistyped typing lines evidence shows method produces transfer fact results obtained negative practice typing error student intelligent knows reason negative practice results obtained
beginning student typewriting typing responses stroke level letter textbook hear letter dictation teacher think letter located type letter unit going keyboard learning lessons attempt push student advanced response patterns letter keyboard covered change word typing short simple words cases student makes change automatically cases teacher need guide transition letter word typing typewriting students benefit specially constructed drills incorporating kinds typing response patterns letter letter response perfected keyboard learning stage teacher introduces word response typing short simple materials including explanation technique reading copy words demonstration technique imitation students say short word type unit combination response introduced materials date teacher demonstrates saying typing words phrase words word letter letter typing considerable spent perfecting stroking reading response patterns pay high dividends students skill building technique quiet keyboard control closely allied correct stroking technique involves motionless hands arms minimum wrist movement hands poised slightly home key position attention paid elimination bouncing hands awkward movements making reaches eliminated student imitation teacher demonstration practice carefully constructed practice materials frequent reminders class hold hands arms quiet let fingers
speed approach basic typewriting slow development typewriter period competition fingering systems fingers fingers fingers early part twentieth century perfect copy concept firmly established speed assumed natural product accuracy growing dissatisfaction results accuracy concept led idea formal attention speed amount attention continued grow consisting attention strict accuracy incorporating systematic drills speed finally intensive forcing efforts increase speed addition developmental process research studies pointed importance training correct motions start finding frequently heard today expert motions slow motions speeded gilbreths begun trend stated insistence quality correct motions entirely wrong practice result lifelong detriment user theory correct motions standard rate quality dufrain states standard rate gilbreths mean highest rate efficient rate beginner expert student speed strokes minute dufrain study undoubtedly focused attention practicability making effort develop speed beginning instruction experiment matched groups high school pupils
question learning pace adjusted age learner principle observed typewriting textbooks prepared school levels personal typewriting junior high schools devotes lessons letter keys century typewriting high school textbook covers letter keys lessons personal professional typing personal typing textbook high school college classes covers keys lessons college typewriting covers letter keys lessons consolidating review lessons counted foregoing summary study teaching practices secondary schools robinson found majority percent typewriting teachers preferred keyboard introduction plan lessons large number teachers preferred lessons small number stated preference lessons percent teachers preference teaching entire letter keyboard class periods mind foregoing results refer preferences high school teachers comparable study junior high schools college typewriting classes wanous duncan found percent instructors stated preference fell range days largest single group preferred period responses ranged days typewriting textbooks invariably include coverage home keys class period introducing home keys personal typewriting junior high schools covers keys class period century typewriting covers keys lesson personal professional typing presents keys class period
fundamental ways retarded students differ normal children chronological age slowness inefficiency acquire knowledge skill research demonstrates mentally retarded students poorly beginning show rapid improvement continued practice cassell reports study designed determine learning ability serial learning tasks normal mentally retarded children found took educable mentally handicapped longer adjust task understood task normal children inability understand culture crux problem educating disadvantaged culture poverty culture middle class distinct language customs values attitudes seldom consideration classroom students showing cultural differences judged understood individual cultural differences hand welcomed travel foreign countries considered educationally enriching experience ultimate goal education promote individual growth produce carbon copies white middle class understand extent physical handicap students teacher talk student person knowledgeable handicap typewriting classroom professional knowledge help teacher determine limitations student regard muscular strength therapist determined child usable muscles neck football helmet modified strike typewriter keys steel rod set special metal plate forehead helmet
important part typing teacher responsibility typewriter maintenance fact informed typing teacher able minor typewriter repairs important system set calling repairman method substitution worked regular machine practical method alternate machines storage room typewriter need repair storage room alternate machines put place soon repairs substitute returned storage room regular machine returned classroom regular typewriters alternate machines makes offering students practical experience kinds machines methods repairs handled expensive inconvenient plan typewriter repair decided adapt situation school reliable method expensive machines contract typewriter companies case electric typewriters agreement company selling machine school pays periodic inspections emergency calls normal business hours parts platens contract charges manual machines course method handling repairs accumulate repair calls machines need repair
kinescopes recordings activities class teacher moving picture film sound kinescope played type channel video tape capable recording class teacher magnetic tape audio tape recorders video tape wider audio tape accommodate signals representing picture sound recorded event video tape capable erased re similar audio recording tape largely replacing kinescopes recording medium video tapes packaged cartridge form shortly commercial sources cartridges fit video tape player attached television sets homes devices watch program cartridge tapes wishes program practical typewriting students students subjects obtain video tape cartridge library home availability tapes important students miss class need extra practice subject experimental television studies typewriting conducted pasewark beginning typists michigan university end semester instruction students received telecast instruction typed significantly faster timed writing test matched group students conventional instruction results noted statistically significant television students fewer errors timed writings conventional students fewer errors production
system utilizes repetitive series conditioned responses teach typewriter keyboard phase system separate color motion picture cartridges running minutes cartridge designed condition pupil response times typewriter means precision lights auditory instructions command signals proper finger movements graphically demonstrated cartridges designed develop complete mastery keyboard phase system consists half hour lessons programmed cassette student introduced controlled copy typing pace governed auditory instructions finger dexterity speed developed individualized programmed instructions computer assisted instruction infancy schools teaching aid cover elementary grades computer assisted instruction actually advanced version programmed instruction simple teaching machine computer integrated presentation program computer course enables program writer utilize options writing programmed textbook computer capable performing branches alternate procedures textbook approach computer capable maintaining permanent records student teacher discover exactly questions student missed missed class group program information simple teaching machine advantages disadvantages computer assisted instruction identical programmed instruction
teachers deplored emphasis straight copy tests typewriting class reason practice resulted testing students teaching found student able type straight copy rate unable skill adequately setting typing difficult problems nelson conducted experiment alhambra high school phoenix arizona semester school determine effect elimination timed writings achievement students enrolled semester typewriting result experiment concluded follows significant difference existed mean speed accuracy production achievements group students taught beginning typewriting timed writings group taught timed writings concluded nontimed group beginning typewriting students achieved total typewriting skill equal total achievement timed group views subject teachers feel student able type rapidly accurately straight copy introduced typewriting transcription problem straight copy tests exclusively typewriting class attitude straight copy writings changed considered learning devices testing devices likely assigned rightful place scheme things general principle student able type rate say gross words minute degree accuracy error minute ready taught turn usable copy problem typewriting
question answered grade equitable assigning grades typewriting decide factors grade decide relative weight give factor factors chosen makeup course relative weight factor line importance factor course unsatisfactory stress speed factor grading entire emphasis teaching course accuracy making grading scale teacher survey course writing major goals attempted portion allotted relative weighing scale follows plan principles scale making mind happy medium found items teacher tries grade aspect student behavior evaluating items spending activity worth true personality factors important job typewriting teacher find dire straits tries weigh facet student personality realistic plan penalize reward individual papers tangible personality traits traits getting neatness ability follow instructions ability evaluate hand assigning letter grade intangibles effort attitude formidable useless task
amply clear foregoing discussions methods improving professional stature typewriting teacher willingness engage experimentation stands high list activities teacher sincerely seeks improve teaching practices able identify classroom problems willing attack problems open mind order arrive satisfactory decisions regarding teacher engage experimentation bound teach class class making improvements teaching procedures successful bringing improvement experimentation accepted desirable superficial experimenting teacher believes holder professional license practice put experimentation trying teaching conditions alexander halverson ably fundamental decision teacher job group pupils taught content coast comes exertion sincerely wants job choice experiment host innovative designs teaching developed recent meet variety problems facing schools include team teaching flexible scheduling instructional tapes records programmed lessons computer assisted instruction large classes channel tapes simulated lessons teaching machines transparencies overhead projectors generally funds experimental approaches teaching condition removes timeworn excuse lack money prevents teacher school trying
contemplated play attempting locate importance scheme human development widespread agreement play theories ellis discusses play theory terms classical contemporary proponents case play seen concerned energy expenditure preparation adulthood species recapitulation simply instinctive behavior case play seen related related psychological states means complementing development reflection culture classroom teachers apparently believe play essential reduce energy levels known request activity students rid excesses ellis concludes discussion suggesting play facets arousal seeking learning developmental interaction implications drawn statements reflect suggestions contained activity section text play positive experience children allowed voice structure includes kind activity level performance expected degree competition cooperation present choice groupings teacher responsible conducting activity program children play included opportunities rearrange physical environment greater lesser complexity depending development level students activities presented text designed challenge students create patterns games activities novelty situation stimulate students explore alternative movement patterns increasing complexity encourages students test abilities determine success failure find point
help immediately physical education specialists called assist planning implementation elementary school program lead service training classes interpretation understanding sound activity program teachers spend part working elementary level conducting demonstration lessons serve curriculum consultants working committees elementary school teachers important service provided college specialist presentation workshops lecture demonstrations occur school minimum days saturdays incorporated teachers preschool institutes university specialist called assist curriculum planning school site planning layout facilities selection equipment close liaison college specialists teachers elementary level valuable reciprocal mutual respect appreciation elementary school laboratory development improved programs elementary level teacher education programs college level college student enrolled teacher preparation program needs hand look children elementary school framework understanding children program background study college level meaningful fourth grade teacher asked describe typical characteristics students respond talkative eager restless class course description qualifying statement appears futility attempting compartmentalize children recognized sure general characteristics emerge infinite individual patterns convenient hooks classifications hung
thematic units provide enrichment movement program presenting framework students learn refine skills stated purpose students elect develop circus theme identifying kinds movement inherent selecting skills develop include balancing juggling tumbling skills suitable length students formal presentation theme classmates larger audience possibilities themes bionic student themes focus strength speed activities space age sports utilizes sorts space events fancy flight include tumbling trampoline routines students seldom loss design kind special unit study students gather central place activity area introduction lesson identify topic unit lesson assess student understanding topic questioning discussion designate activity areas students ready begin area observe ensuing activity determine provided study ready call group discussion redirection fruitful hold concluding discussion end period times simply congratulate send kind activity lends development movement vocabulary charts word boards posted added students progress units study interested developing logbooks diaries record activities skill gains feelings
broad context gymnastics excellent opportunity students understanding movement possibilities encounter environments mats apparatus small equipment exploratory moves chapter random nature explore breadth possibilities greater emphasis focus movement gymnastic stunts defined complete section basic movement experiences presents activities exploratory nature build experiences preceding chapter success tumbling requires knowledge body position location space apparatus activity dependent ability balance support oneself positive experiences prior movement situations certainly add confidence situations encountered primary objective section student feel comfortable environment conform performance standards ready later experience success built framework confidence challenges begin students rushed readiness fears developed accidents occur totally avoided perceptive planning section problem solving utilizes movement vocabulary initiated preceding chapter stimulate ideas areas greater emphasis development routines movement statements created students independently students elect partners groups design challenges based movement words specific gymnastic names students encouraged select groups likely choose equal compatible ability maintaining safe arena learning
apparatus expensive nuisance significant tool motor learning integral part total physical development unlimited myriad primary children going apparatus free play periods type equipment standing idle intermediate upper grade children playground equipment excitement older children challenges hoped activities ideas follow provide challenges children ages cursory inspection apparatus area playground lead casual observer believe children naturally progress traveling rings turn circles horizontal bar actually children steps carefully fear activities unable orient inverted position stunt introduced rotation system effective class divided small groups teacher instructing group occupied equipment whistle signal rotation group works teacher children difficulty overcoming fear stunt encourage try allow repeat familiar stunt piece equipment times adults set standards child ready handle result accident circumstances teacher lift child completely stunt progression listed piece equipment starts basic activities moves advanced stunts
hoops activities repeat ropes hold rope middle part resting ground front feet jump rope swing head let rest ground jumped gradually increase pace hesitation turning jumping try increase number continuous jumps mistake count number jumps move spot jumping rope jump gallop skip run turn jump rope backward hop foot skip cut step rocking forward backward cut step swinging free foot forward jump fast omitting bounce hot pepper create patterns music jump rope put hands side turn rope jump rope continue sequence jumping cross arms chest hands hold rope opposite sides jump position uncross arms jump stress arms extended body remain crossed rope completes circle turn rope backward cross arms create tricks individual jump partner player turns rope partner runs partners turn rope hand run turning rope create tricks partners jump shot tie beanbag end individual rope turner stands center twirls rope close ground turner whirl shift rope hand rope motion vary height according skill jumpers
students enter movement environment quick survey area clue nature activity encountered sport equipment basketballs softballs bats immediately create specific frame reference students pantomime sport anticipation hand students enter area wadded newspapers loss predict activity terms potential activity advantageous students preconceived ideas equipment free explore naturally create totally kinds movement forms knowledge principles govern control objects learned settings later application knowledge objects occur sports games situations arise referring unusual equipment wadded newspaper found paper balls practice bumping ball head body soccer fear injury sting timid eager try kind unusual encounter equipment invovles plastic wands fleece balls kind billiards football create pathways passing ball receiver toss kick ground try follow path unusual shape variety unexpected bounces zigzags presenting fascinating model students follow purpose chapter provide students variety experiences objects descriptions creating awareness potential
ball wall line marked feet ground stand feet throwing line feet meters wall step forward line throw ball overhand throw ball hits marked line wall catch ball bounces trials score point throw hits wall line caught bounce foot step line add force power throw prevent ball bouncing hands catching purpose section students solve movement problems dealing objects knowledge gained exploration learning reinforced asked explain answers identify principles elements present problem object bounce start low level bounce catch object move middle level standing position fig select object bounce toss high air run object bounces run space select object soft sting bump air head body times losing control place hoops half volleyball court similar area select objects bounce stand opposite end court toss objects hoops
chapters deal structured sport forms case kickball soccer speedball activities movement forms context studied terms elements movement involved addition respective skills section designed develop skills basic sport slightly manner number kicking catching moving skills studied isolation studied perfected movement problems segments sport forms approach permits student concentrate movement space specific force structure fits personal needs individual pace learning recognized student allowed arrange content dealt sequences meaningful students perfect skill utilizing formalized game structure challenge lies exploring alternative skill acquired students prefer challenge structured sport form number games activities area test skill development purpose section present activities lead effective object control dealing kicking catching trapping skills hoped activities students develop finesse performing skills students utilize skills game situations partly dependent readiness game play need reduced demands independent small group activity permits concentrate execution skills additional adjustment game situations
chest shot hand push shot lay shot aiming basket eyes front rim shoot ball medium arc fig banking shot backboard eyes spot basket shooting basket stress recovering ball touches ground taking steps possession ball student shoots goal attempts recover ball touches ground takes shot spot ball caught recovered player recovers ball directly basket bounce ball order position shot recovers ball bounds return boundary line bounce court play period coach skills evaluate repeat practice play accuracy score points field goal player calls cumulative score field goals player highest score end period wins increase shooting distance repeat playing accuracy shoot recover accuracy exceptions player maximum trials field goal soon player makes field goal makes unsuccessful trials passes ball player practice period coach skills evaluate repeat practice play accuracy speed team wins finishes going relay times
ready position hands forehead players toss ball gradually lessen amount ball rests hands players pass accurately fingers stress catching ball fingers palms teacher tosses ball high air player turn players pass ball striving finger contact accuracy rotate player turn teacher teacher passes ball tossing players pass ball stress finger control accuracy formation similar basketball marks free throw lanes basketball court player starts sets volleyball goes hits rim basket successful set moves mark unsuccessful remain mark hit stress setting ball air drops basket mark square feet meters court mark square close side line side directly net players stand file formation leader file players stands adjacent net feet meters square leader stands front square tosses ball player line sets ball high arc drops square turns player goes end line
provide football large rectangle end lines goal lines half play area place foot centimeter kickoff line halfway goal line center field maximum players team start game kicking team kickoff line evenly spaced width field receiving team starts game lines players evenly distributed half field object game touchdown running ball opponents goal line tagged catching forward pass opponents goal line score points touchdown start game kickoff kickoff line kicker punts ball opponents waiting half field kicking team advance punt caught caught recovered kickoff goes bounds punt receiving team catches recovers punt advances ball downfield running passing forward lateral passes handoffs unlimited number passes handoffs laterals opponents attempt gain possession ball tagging ball carrier hands waist intercepting blocking pass pass intercepted air team intercepting pass offensive team play continues ball declared dead play stops ball carrier tagged hands waist opponent ball touches ground kickoff ball ball carrier goes bounds foul committed
partners meet join hands lift hands girl turns arch center square making turn partners continue walk ccw girl turns partners join hands promenade girl turns progresses turns stress walks forward arch turns half walks promenade position partners raise joined hands girl walks forward arch moves faces partner partners step dip hands joined pull position square partners swing couples join hands shake hands join hands progress ccw circle girl skaters position partners give hands pull suspended balance folk dance balance step forward step place step step place quick short steps uneven rhythm short simplified step forward rock step forward close step close balance side england style balance step swing step swing sliding step girl joins hand boy hand places hand hip palm facing boy reaches girl takes hand hand walks backward guides girl forward boy stands girl turn couples face couples move forward touch hands person directly opposite pass couple
sports days children play school teams team school competes teams school teams represent grade levels divided according skill level emphasis providing competition children field days similar sports days include basically individual activities track field events performance tests relays novelty events individual activities covered telegraphic meets events conducted school area results tabulated scores compared scores schools meets advantages sports days type competition especially rural schools travel distances varsity competition term team representing school area plays team representing school area numbers participating money spent comparison number participating varsity program recommended ninth grade amount coaching facilities tied trips money involved overinvolvement parents varied difficulties pressures kind varsity competition tournaments culmination unit instruction test skill reward diligent effort improving skill basic types round robin elimination ladder pyramid tournaments main advantages type tournament team plays team teams play number games team eliminated truer winner determined type tournaments
activity apparatus extremely important primary upper grade levels primary level apparatus individual activity child activity gain personal satisfaction progress rate speed child loves climb swing travel hang hands knees slide balance urban suburban areas child opportunity participate activities natural setting upper grade level apparatus opportunities develop shoulder strength accidents apparatus result equipment incorrectly safety precautions end descriptions activities piece apparatus chapter apparatus injury period thousands child hours enjoyment accidents result removal piece apparatus safeguards accidents apparatus instruction constant supervision proper ground covering teaching land falls integral part instruction greater ease supervision instruction apparatus located adjacent play areas grade levels safety apparatus line game areas children run apparatus area play retrieving ball safety apparatus purchased installed height children involved apparatus abilities result accidents creative innovative playground areas developed past equipment structures range simple free inexpensive equipment unique types structures
thousand philosophical doubt disagreement proven thinking unshakable enduring knowledge undoubtedly tells ignoble refrain deliberately thinking feels qualm writer rousseau believed thinking alienate reality contemporary american culture reinforces natural reluctance think certainly verbal tributes frequently paid goals making stop think americans today assign importance thought philosophic breadth seriousness verify conclusion noting rarely philosophical found seller lists political books widely known factual hortatory tracts concerning urgent problems poverty racial tension gifted contemporary thinkers hannah arendt famous primarily topical unimportant book eichmann nazi death camps major political thought human condition known political scientists special responsibility political thinking behavioralism ascendant overtly antiphilosophical society inherent bias original thought social order depends heavily tradition habit apt weakened genuine thinking execution socrates athens exemplifies antagonism today america forces stronger times places intensify normal antiphilosophical cast society deepen reluctance individuals subject uneasiness labor thought forces strong propensity action americans propensity environment necessitated rewarded
say augustine rousseau approved established institutions augustine institutions sinful bound evil rousseau thought original virtue occasionally ancient roman republic escaped corruption gained sovereign power augustine heaven earth impossible order precluding chaos implicit human nature deserves appreciation rousseau hand human innocence irretrievably lost hope earthly paradise standard actual societies seen mean degraded stating issue augustine rousseau asking primary source evil human nature human institutions augustine evil institutions result evil human nature rousseau maintains opposite evil human nature consequence evil institutions augustinian idea humankind escaping influence institutions recreating civilization unthinkable follower rousseau possibility real polarity suggests aspect issue follower augustine viewing evil dangerous help apprehensive human beings embark radical political action augustinian bound conservative sense revering prevailing order sense fearing effort change follower rousseau revolutionary original innocence offers potentiality historical reconstruction potentiality realized course humankind primal decency throw influence oppressive corrupting institutions encased
view glance innocuous implies classes composed completely kinds possibly united single community marx defined classes economic terms emphasis formative power economic circumstances allowed differentia primary significance main class division property command resources lives depend groups simply divergence interests ways tempted say divergence species economic situations entirely dissimilar character reverting concepts discussing chapter differentiation amounts denial common human essence uniting common faculties reason essence discerned point according marx human identified abstract changeless idea nature defined kinds wage laborers capitalists fundamentally nature common point general human essence virtue laborers capitalists human common impartial faculties powerful define essence accurately bring respect ideas feelings products economic situation true ideas feelings essence
political scientists interested form government country process ask broad questions purposes government ends politics governments functions politics exercises political power processes politics systems discussed book nature tends answer question generally speaking democratic systems view end politics provision protection preservation atmosphere social climate individuals freely seek realize personal collective aspirations hand dictatorships notably communist view purposes government realization goals ideology envisage discussion chapters follow deals questions final questions related difficult disentangle lead concept political systems comparative analysis oldest honorable tradition political science going aristotle thousand ago political systems evolved result complex combination circumstances basic beliefs attitudes concerning human beings creator influence natural resources historical conditions accidents political ingenuity rose positions leadership ignore question political systems emphasis book seeking understand function today political systems living organisms change accurately political systems political actors government officials choose influence political actors wish
classic distinction american european society supposedly absence america rigid class system certainly class landed gentry flourished united states fall southern plantation system point closed aristocracies consisting public servants clergy military ways american society stratified repeated studies american communities revealed kind class system based largely wealth comparable income occupation social positon tend associate vote alike percent american consider members middle class studies voting behavior reveal large number tend fall working class consistently middle upper classes abhorrent americans notion classes society idea caste system system class based birth escape position minority groups blacks undeniably characteristics caste system religious traditions affiliations american public contribute shape direction political system historical origins current issues protestant christianity professed religious faith unprofessed tradition majority americans giving religion politics individualistic antiauthoritarian spirit reformation nearly persons roman catholic based estimate million adherents estimated million jews political conflict religious issues religious differences intense nations united states
role house senate committees legislatures important understand main legislative decision making committees congressional committees generally power death bills house representatives especially dependent standing committees average membership senate standing committees varying size members committees large divided specialized subcommittees considerable power house subcommittees created sacred cows congress house senate seniority rule governing selection committee chairmen persons fill important positions effect locally chosen locally responsible seniority depends decision voters individual districts send legislators congress result preponderance southern chairmen democrats majority preponderance rural midwestern chairmen republicans control party leaders house chosen basis seniority speaker house elected majority vote members majority party sacred cow peculiar senate strong tradition virtually unlimited debate resulting filibuster minority groups determined block piece legislation larger size house necessitated stricter rules limiting debate senate cloture vote end debate legislation senate voted rare event
french electoral law candidate alternate step position case death acceptance position regarded incompatible position parliamentary deputy proviso stems fact fourth republics ministers coalition cabinets members parliament voted cabinet hope party succeeding cabinet expectation remedying frequent cabinet resignations framers present constitution provided member parliament minister give parliamentary seat alternate germans failed give political party majority weimar republic experienced considerable cabinet instability hope improving situation war ii allied occupation powers urged germans give system proportional representation believed responsible parties consequent cabinet instability germans half adopted system single member districts proportional representation approximately half members parliament elected system german voter votes member district party list single member districts voters elect person districts plurality elections conducted house representatives british house commons addition deputies elected basis proportional representation party organization submits list proportional representation candidates statewide slate ranks place total number seats list
main bundestag strong legislative body considered decision legitimizing institution decision making considerable degree prestige bundestag diminished chancellor adenauer treated refused explain policies body formally responsible times ordered ministers refuse bundestag committees policy chancellor principally responsible relative unimportance recently parliamentary investigations posing questions devices britain provide members house commons important opportunities influence government policy recent chancellors respectful attitude bundestag members concept question expanded parliamentary undersecretaries created major responsibilities stand ministers question beginning germany experiment democracy general feeling government needed additional special powers enable deal emergency stemming internal external circumstances view fact emergency powers weimar constitution bypass parliament destroy democracy germans understandably wary providing ten debate discussion basic law amended provide emergency powers amendments drafted assure protection survival democratic order times crisis amendments referred emergency constitution considerable detail procedural substantive safeguards things dissolution bundestag period emergency forbidden
seen communist party decision making body soviet union governmental apparatus operates adjunct party carrying decisions result twin hierarchy party government levels party government bureaucrats consulting party leaders step large degree hierarchies overlap top party leader area top government official area government officials expect advice directions party officials essence governmental structure viewed administrative instrument carrying party decisions salient characteristics soviet society enormous ethnic diversity population half total population ussr russian ukrainians substantial numbers white russians byelorussians georgians uzbeks armenians kazakhs numerous smaller nationality groups soviet federal system designed primarily recognize bounds centrifugal forces exerted nationality groups bad tsarist record treatment minority nationalities bolsheviks proclaimed advocacy determination federalism success getting support minority nationality groups early regime soon evident national autonomy large measure meaningless nationality groups told stalin commisar nationalities autonomy national form proletarian content noted party leaders effectively challenged proletarian
japan communist party jcp today stronger dreamed decades ago violently divided pro soviet pro chinese factions suffered traditional image conspiratorial subversive party allegiance alien power powers party purged factions leadership began painstakingly cultivate image open democratic japanese political party eschewing revolutionary jargon polemic professes allegiance constitution favors nationalization industry energy focusing activities grass roots issues pollution congestion high prices bureaucratic neglect citizen grievances result popularity grew significantly early maintained parliamentary strength approximating cgp dsp future growth appears limited term communist anathema majority japanese conjuring minds specter soviet union maintain visceral antipathy fear doubt party current democratic protestations genuine current electoral strength function disciplined mass membership grass roots activities protest votes tedious ldp dominance jcp likely left party realignment precisely communist liberal club nlc social democratic league sdl small seriously reckoned parties nlc formed progressive younger ldp mps frustrated ruling party internal factionalism corruption complacency initially novelty attracted popular bickering founders lack sufficient policy distinction ldp reduced nlc relative impotence stagnation
dramatic events capture holding diplomatic hostages iran involvement recent war vietnam grip attention direct keenly felt impact daily lives political processes exaggeration say painfully dramatic episodes faraway lands resulted significant measure prior ignorance ignorance part vast public part highest levels government civil military lack adequate knowledge resulting inappropriate assumptions analysis events trends led tragic chains miscalculations policy decisions avoided sufficient knowledge understanding presidents important foreign policy military advisers sufficient numbers citizens additional reasons trying learn politics governments fourths population asian african latin american net population growth rates european north american industrialized parts large proportions supply natural resources essential survival industrial societies countries petroleum acutely conscious bauxite aluminum chromium cobalt zinc mention
political parties exist prohibited altogether varying degrees trying mobilize extend support party official posters carrying pictures symbols slogans evidence activities carried government employees distinction party government blurred competing parties small formal organization full workers loose networks friends relatives inactive times elections country political elite small members personally includes addition top officials regime high level bureaucrats military officers members wealthy business landowning families regime happens marxist partly elite resident foreign business cultural intellectual figures editors artists prominent professors leaders important interest groups importers exporters producers dealers raw materials export crops students interest groups numerous economically developed modernized countries number distinct interests small capital city social revolve embassies foreign governments give frequent receptions formal dinners despite small size elite homogeneous group identical political views frequently found difference pronationalist proforeign groups crisis bitter line distinguishes modern scientific technical professional educations traditional educations law liberal arts
public relations affects contact human beings practice public relations daily sure public relations profession law accounting medicine practitioners trained licensed supervised prevent formal training hanging shingle public relations specialist frauds embarrass professionals field thankfully phonies harder harder find decade public relations steadily built reputation increased prominence earned respect wide span society today institutions strive understand clearly forces change adapt activities pressures aspirations listen communicate effectively public relations important institutions rely practitioners help win public support trust public support rendered powerless field increases prominence grows professional stature public relations society america national membership accredited members standardized examination society investigated legal licensing similar accounting legal professions public relations practitioners society main objective increase field professionalism code standards appendix dwells heavily practitioner ethical responsibilties society additional opportunities specialized areas practice association corporate counseling educational institutions educators financial institutions government health investor relations utilities sections publications seminars programs
public relations professionals talk phineas barnum industry pioneer barnum press agent pure simple end money means publicity remained undaunted facts promotioanl ideas public fooled motto barnum master publicist owner major circus barnum generated article article traveling show purposely gave star performers short names instance tom thumb midget jenny lind singer easily fit headlines narrow newspaper columns staged bizarre events legal marriage fat lady thin drum free newspaper exposure today practitioners scoff barnum methods press agents practice techniques today public relations professionals bemoan specter shysters hucksters overhangs field inevitably place blame squarely fertile mind silver tongue phineas barnum american industrial revolution ushered things turn century field public relations twentieth century began small mills shops served hub frontier economy giving massive factories country hamlets centers commerce trade replaced sprawling cities limited transportation communications facilities nationwide railroad lines communications wires big business businessman king
ford dollar pay plan smallest amount paid workers drew wide raves york herald called epoch industrial history york evening post hailed magnificent act generosity toledo blade regarded lordly gift industrial leaders dismayed ford announcement warned lead financial factory disorganization publicity ford motor company greatly exceeded eventual million company shelled profit sharing money workers henry ford announced confirmed pacifist give possess stop war reportedly told number journalists ford set singlehandedly launching special peace ship boarded influential peace advocates country newspapers scoffed henry barnum skinned mile automaker set sail hoboken jersey december american peace delegates help form commission continuous mediation enemy ship carried reporters december landing norway ford called press conference talk mediation tractor company perfected tractor argued realize greater profit manufacture guns ford seek convince arms manufacturers switch making tractors ford continued hold press conferences promote peace europe gave returned america generally greeted returning hero york american put deserves respect ridicule despite criticism american newspapers ford voyage won admiration
days famous nixon kennedy debates maybe earlier television played major role presidential politics presidents kennedy johnson nixon generally credited television help sell ideas recent presidents refined medium greater degree president gerald ford known public speaking presence television rehearsed assiduously tv appearances took pains practice lines gestures movements front cameras result according veteran york times reporter cool performer grinning assurance president kennedy strain perspire president nixon ford effective user television medium true television president jimmy carter taking oath office strolled pennsylvania avenue white house step captured tv cameras addressing nation carter took unprecedented step dressing casually cardigan sweaters dark suits subtly convey tv message confidence informality antithesis imperial presidency press clearly confused carter symbols images enhance popular appeal veteran journalist put pre tv era brought english language look words think terms language creates problems misunderstandings symbols looks stunt president carter television president ronald reagan
research interviews provide personal firsthand feel public opinion interviews conducted number ways including face face telephone mail questionnaires drop interviews personal interviewing permits depth polling considered reliable interviews conducted survey panels called idea juries panels measure buying habits impact public relations programs community organizational group generally assess attitudes subjects contrast telephone interviews suffer high refusal rate don want bothered interviews present upper income bias lower income earners lack telephones hand increasing unlisted numbers upper income status serve mitigate bias mail interviews economical suffer low response rates frequently return mail questionnaires strong biases favor opposition subject hand generate higher response mail interviews addressed stamped envelopes enclosed incentives dollar bills free gifts drop interviews combine face face mail interview techniques interviewer personally drops questionnaire household conducting face face interview interviewer established rapport interviewee rate return technique considerably higher straight mail interviews rapport interview subject established ways instance sense begin interview nonthreatening questions saving tougher controversial income level race
style news release critical content sloppy style break release ruin chances publication style flexible evolve language think worrying capital letters commas proper spelling insignificant concerns note price companies pay poor style according leading designer corporate annual reports found percent company minute charges due tinkering capitalization punctuation choices style found style varies company company apparent reason resulting unprofessional tone annual reports public relations operations follow style practiced major newspapers magazines book publishers news style detailed guides published authorities press united press international york times press constantly update style conform changing societal concepts release style subjective changing firm style consistent release examples typical style rules leading publications capital letters sparingly editors call style important words begin capital letters abbreviations present problem months dates abbreviated sept month month spelled september days week hand abbreviated mention organizations agencies spelled abbreviation put parentheses securities exchange commission sec
special public relations events help market products designed capture media attention linking firm product event created senator william proxmire wanted find city workers worth taxpayers paid climbed aboard york city garbage truck sanitation worker spotlight media cameras parker brothers sought continued recognition traditional monopoly game borrowed bank branch staged real monopoly game real money columbia pictures introduced movie close encounters kind flew reporters los york special press screenings journalists leatherette bags tape records labeled movie box office sensation rules special events figure illustrates ski tournament sponsored range lavish media extravaganzas simple ground breaking open house ceremonies risky especially party held media attends nonetheless sparingly conceived thoughtfully special events prove significant enhancement marketing product public relations helps market products appeals consumerist demands sponsoring nutritional recipes publishing consumer information advice lobbying consumer oriented legislation help market company products consumers believe company sincerely concerned welfare trust translate purchase decisions company voluntarily acts public interest prodded government generally expect receive deal favorable publicity competitor forced comply regulation legislation figure shows consumerist information provided large grocery store chain general foods corporation
radio television stations newspapers obligated accept public service advertising publications stations public broadcasting channels accepted ads counter advertising accepted ran free charge falling broadcast side federal communications commission fairness doctrine equal opposing viewpoints controversial issues increased federal pressure major reason spread institutional advertising federal trade commission ftc meeker government agencies suddenly sprouted teeth waged vigorous campaign deter advertisers making claims material facts cutting edge ftc offensive corrective advertising campaign advertisers correct advertising claims found false misleading ocean spray cranberry juice company claimed product contained food energy drinks food energy according ftc meant calories commission ordered ocean spray run ads stating clearly previous claims food energy simply meant product contained calories ftc succeeded ocean spray case successful attempt force itt continental baking run corrective treatment wonder bread ads commission claimed wonder bread wasn breads boasted build strong bodies ways commission claimed implying wonder bread unique company advertising misleading itt appealed ftc ruling judge ruled record fails wide margin show asserted false aspects advertising presently contributing wonder bread sales aspects impact sales
significant supports practitioner needs writing unabridged dictionary thesaurus added bartlett familiar quotations almanac encyclopedia freelance writers public relations writing research support frequently needed organizations especially larger libraries affiliated local libraries expanded research capability trade associations including public relations society america maintain information centers members additionally number directories identify research sources myriad fields tap directories consult guide book guide american directories published klein company major newspapers york times wall street journal provide computerized index services articles subjects covered publications type writing support national feature services prepare disseminate client publicity essentially smaller local newspapers country services furnish copy forms printed matrices called mats camera ready copy copy ready photographed offset newspaper mats heat resistant coated paper copper brass newspaper plates traditional letterpress newspapers letterpress process common today photo offset process feature services specialize furnishing camera ready copy figure derivative general interest mat service special interest service minority media service covers nation minority media outlets release minority daily newspapers weekly newspapers suburbs bring clippings cost sponsor
compared organizations media relations policy detroit huge goliath industries exemplary company nation largest manufacturer generally forthright public statements frequently led industry issues corporate disclosure south african business policy goliath business leader fact observers puzzled wheat goliath vice chairman likely successor firm president unexpectedly resigned response wheat departure goliath industries issued terse news release indicating wheat leaving pursue personal business opportunities goliath refused amplify announcement despite constant prodding media company cited primary reason secrecy concept privacy respect personnel records announcement wheat leaving job started rumor mills humming detroit nation media predictably refused drop story eventually enterprising reporter turned fact wheat asked leave goliath president result internal audit reportedly revealed conflicts wheat handling customer wheat shared business interests revelation goliath story fair game business journalists firm quickly acknowledged existence internal audit refused discuss content claiming confidential matter exempt internal disclosure code details report subsequently public detroit free press wheat acknowledged accuracy transactions maintaining improper
network news program rivalled incredible impact cbs tv minutes watched sunday night close million americans minutes regularly ranks popular programs nation show feared public relations practitioners minutes comes calling scandal significant problems thinking illinois power company ip decatur ill fall minutes reporter harry reasoner find company clinton nuclear reactor project schedule budget exchange minutes illinois power ranks classic confrontation annals public relations illinois power suspected minutes aimed hatchet job company agreed interviews videotaped minutes filming premises words ip videotape videotapers report reporters reasoner producer reluctantly agreed arrangement november minutes broadcast minute segment clinton plant charging ip company feared mismanagement missed deadlines costly overruns passed consumers viewers saw ip employees accuse utility making effort control costs slipshod internal reporting fabricating estimates construction completion timetables accusers shown silhouette distorted voice reporter reasoner intoned fears retribution cbs story ip stock fell full point york stock exchange busiest trading company history
ronald reagan noted masterful presidential communicator recent history reagan weaned movies television ardent critics agreed president possessed compelling stage presence formidable persuasive powers communicator cbs broadcast critical documentary reagan budget cuts white house reporters objected strenuously president aides singling broadcast criticism say white house criticism going chilling effect profession moaned washington correspondent face media angst white house dropped offensive later spring reagan interior secretary james watt forbade popular music group beach boys performing capitol mall july president communication savvy saved immediately presented watt plaster foot symbolize shot reagan gesture reversed embarassing situation resulted goodwill communicator despite regular ups downs presidency largely agreed president reagan potent skills ability persuade called job presidential press secretary difficult position administration practitioners private industry press secretary communicate policies practices management president public impossible job gerald terhorst president ford press secretary quit disagreeing pardon president richard nixon terhorst spokesman feel heart mind chief decision speak persuasiveness stems conviction
issues anticipated advance offer opportunities vulnerabilities organizations assessing promised budget cuts insurance company anticipate money mean fewer driving fewer accident claims mark opportunity hand promised budget cuts mean unable pay premiums clearly vulnerability sharp company anticipate advance assessing opportunities vulnerabilities play significant role determining organization philanthropic contributions instance democraphic economic projections closing field office philanthropic contributions community advance closing help cushion ultimate blow firm departs external environment internal strategies dictates priority issues selected differs normal strategic planning approach large degree driven internal strengths objectives issues management driven external factors tend look issues management anticipating crises real purpose defend organization light external factors enhance firm business seizing imminent opportunities issues management process identify emerging issues selectively set priority order propose policy programs implementation timetable deal issues action key effective issues management process public relations department powerless confidence respect top management essential issues management process operate imprimatur chief executive chief executive personal sanction critical acceptance conduct issues management firm
cases symptomatic growing trend organizations vocal courts paid advertisements issue oriented publications employee shareholder information programs speakers bureaus professionals lawyers doctors legal authority advertise challenge public relations practitioners organizing programs carefully avoid appearing dominate public marketplace ideas remainder decade necessitate public relations professionals familiar facets law areas libel amendment freedoms laws federal agencies securities exchange commission federal trade commission likelihood greater opportunities public relations increase pressure practitioners competence professionalism activities role public relations important domain public relations counselors invaded nonpractitioners companies fact turned lawyers financial specialists economists operating executives manage corporate programs practitioners immersed business institutions managements commanding knowledge technical aspects field public relations win acceptance management true profession integral part management process professionals willing handle critical public issues confronting institutions managements instinctively turn counsel solve thorny public issues public relations achieve universally respected professional status status help insulate profession severe economic swings sensitive past
professions undergo constant change experience critical frequent change public relations practitioners introduced tidal wave primary concerns consumerism environmentalism government relations public policy forecasting areas public relations opportunity shifted quickly marketing publicity financial relations employee communications public issues management steadily field expanded horizons increased influence start field internal departments external counseling firms significantly increased role active reactive force society indication field maturity heightened attempt advertising agencies buy public relations units early largest public relations merger history consummated walter thompson nation largest advertising agencies acquiring hill knowlton nation largest public relations firm remainder key challenge confronting field professional continue momentum established sure task easy numerous pressures professionals exist organizations public relations challenged trend corporate communications public affairs real threatens unseat public relations business parlance despite challenges faces profession appears threshold significant period history individuals organizations paid public relations expertise philip lesly put future feel impact public relations term called called practice future public relations grow judgment meet
book knowing things book knowing things don primary purpose assist looking things let start examining things breathe live obviously stopped breathing die cold dark side moon speak chinese china reflect minute things told believed told read national geographic speak chinese china sense didn question physics astronomy instructor told cold dark side moon maybe read newsweek things absolutely obvious asked knew breathe live say knows lot things knows knows round course hundred ago knew flat matter agreement belief based personal experience discovery big part growing society fact process learning accept knows don things part group
public learns science newspapers magazines popular media relied provide accurate complete information instance article written national enquirer entitled hairy smarter reporter dick robinson study staff psychiatrist st louis mo hospital dr aikarakudy alias compared body hair mensa organization extremely high general population found incidence noticeable body hair double mensa members mensa members rated comparing body hair amount hair observed total nude pictured playgirl magazine photographed miami beach fl public beach problems description dr alias study wonder interested study place additional information casual reader impression sort silly research conducted social scientists read dr alias original research report find study conducted attempting identify physiological signs personality characteristics line research based known fact skin brain develop embryonic tissues common origin dr alias thinks hypothesizes features organs hair skin vary systematic features organ intellectual capacity brain explained article appearing national enquirer
suggested uncomfortable aspects deterministic model human behavior product forces control credit accomplishments re person family college forces operating thing pencil drop fall ground realization cultural values beliefs takes lot joy deterministic model human behavior makes feel trapped learned live inability flap arms fly harder realize action inaction totally caused forces powerful relentless gravity looked forces factors control caused process end today logically forces acting minute determine turn forces tear book pieces burn ask give reason implication model suggests happen determined forces acting ultimately model suggests graduate college determined vast constellation forces wondering ensure graduate determined according deterministic model human behavior circumstances death laid forces control
government publications suicide rates regions countries durkheim wrote analytical genius determine effects religion suicide compared suicide rates predominantly protestant countries predominantly catholic protestant regions catholic countries catholic regions protestant countries determine effects weather compared suicide rates northern southern countries regions examined suicide rates months seasons able draw conclusions supremely individualistic personal act data individuals engaging general level durkheim suggested suicide reflected extent society agreements clear stable noting times social upheaval change present individual grave uncertainties expected durkheim suggested uncertainties confusion anxiety destruction describe societal condition normlessness durkheim chose term anomie worth noting durkheim word thin air german french meant literally law english term anomy centuries durkheim mean disregard divine law durkheim created anomie social scientific concept publication suicide social scientists found anomie concept expanded durkheim robert merton classic article entitled social structure anomie concluded anomie results disparity goals means prescribed society monetary success widely shared goal society individuals resources achieve acceptable means
recall earlier discussion conceptualization operationalization ultimately true meanings concepts typically study social science prejudice ultimately correct definition person prejudiced depends definition term general principle applies responses persons completing questionnaire meaning response question depends large part wording question asked true question answer questions encourage responses questions questions encourage respondents answer called biased researchers recognize likely effect question began don agree president united states reputable researcher item unhappily biasing effect items terms subtler suggests mere identification attitude position prestigious person agency bias responses item agree disagree recent supreme court decision similar effect clear suggesting wording necessarily produce consensus majority support position identified prestigious person agency support likely increased obtained identification questionnaire items biased negatively positively agree disagree position adolf hitler stated asking americans questions china tricky identifying country china result confusion mainland china taiwan
realizing sampling elements survey need individual persons note lists types elements exist universities businesses types cities academic journals newspapers unions political clubs professional associations telephone directories frequently quick dirty public opinion polls undeniably easy inexpensive doubt reason popularity want assertions telephone subscribers directory fairly sampling frame realize course directory include subscribers requested unlisted numbers sampling complicated inclusion directories nonresidential listings unfortunately telephone directories listing city population voters defects reasoning chief involves social class bias poor likely telephones telephone directory sample likely middle upper class bias class bias inherent telephone directory samples hidden preelection polls conducted fashion accurate class bias evident voting poor likely vote frequently biases nearly coincide results telephone poll close final election outcome unhappily pollster knows sure election case literary digest poll discover voters acted according expected class biases ultimate disadvantage method researcher inability estimate degree error expected sample findings
set answer categories rank ordered respondent instructions type answer format blanks boxes instructions answers ranked important important order ranking place important important rank ordering responses difficult respondents read reread list times technique situations method produce desired result multiple part matrix questions give special instructions format questionnaire respondents expected check answer column matrix questionnaires expected check answer row questionnaire types add instruction clarifying expected case countless tips guidelines give connection questionnaire construction section single chapter soon longer rest book danger bored silly reluctantly going complete discussion illustration real questionnaire showing comments find substance practice turning illustration want mention critical aspect questionnaire design delay discussing chapter precoding
want conclude discussion interview surveys comments increasingly popular technique punningly called telephone polls telephone surveys bad reputation professional researchers diverse sources bad press sampling problems discussed chapter telephone surveys limited definition telephones ago method produced substantial social class bias excluding poor surveys telephone standard fixture american homes census bureau estimates percent households telephones class bias substantially reduced related sampling problem involved unlisted numbers survey sample selected pages local telephone directory totally omit typically richer requested numbers published potential bias erased technique advanced telephone sampling substantially random digit dialing chaffee choe report random sample survey wisconsin adults follows interviews conducted telephone sampling based probability sample area codes telephone prefixes random digits callbacks tried number abandoned households adults selected randomly according predetermined schedule final sampling problem concerns interviewed number called variety ways handling decision carefully selecting hours calling increase chances family members home guard interviewing homemakers going quota sampling design insure interview sufficient numbers kinds family members
social scientists distinguish sufficient distinction confusing let abstract concepts concrete attempting explain familiar emotion known amusement words humor produce laughter presidential campaign candidate ronald reagan trouble relating joke political rally behalf recognize polack cockfight duck recognize italian cockfight bets duck tell mafia cockfight duck wins subsequent rally persons objected reagan pejorative ethnic stereotypes find joke offensive amusing audience rally laughed vigorously including reagan event point ask amused joke joke caused laugh begin arguing ridicule provokes amusement true forms humor puns riddles elicit laughter accurately classified derision persons mildly amused say farmer outstanding field admittedly find wordplay exactly sidesplitting serve ridicule sole source humor ridicule sufficient amusement emotion frequently fostered stimuli thought derision
notice discussion social indicators data comparison groups period sheds light subject present social indicators proceeding fronts hand researchers developing refined indicators finding indicators general variable monitoring social research devoted discovering relationships variables societies exciting prospects social indicators research area computer simulation begin compiling mathematical equations describing relationships link social variables relationship population growth increases number automobiles equations stored linked computer sufficient number sufficiently accurate equations tap test implications specific social computer real suppose contemplated doubling size tourism industry enter proposal computer simulation model receive seconds minutes description direct indirect consequences increase tourism public facilities required public agencies police fire departments increased labor force look kind training required provide income tax revenue produced intended unintended consequences action
averages special advantages reader reducing raw data manageable form single number attribute represent detailed data collected regard variable advantage comes cost course reader reconstruct original data average disadvantage averages alleviated reporting summaries dispersion responses simplest measure dispersion range distance separating highest lowest reporting group subjects mean age ages ranged say sophisticated measure dispersion standard deviation measure discussed chapter standard error sampling distribution measure dispersion describing data report standard deviation age subjects meaning percent subjects fall age range minus mean measures dispersion reporting intelligence test scores determine interquartile range range scores highest fourth subjects fourth highest fourth scores ranging lowest fourth scores ranging report interquartile range mean score let say calculations variables understand examine types variables continuous discrete
chosen items index assign scores responses creating single composite index items basic decisions step decide desirable range index scores certainly primary advantage index single item range gradations offers measurement variable noted earlier political conservatism measured conservative conservative liberal extremes index extend decision question variance enters extremes index extended fewer cases found end researcher wishes measure political conservatism greatest extreme find category decision concerns conflicting desire range measurement index adequate number cases point index forced reach kind compromise conflicting desires decision concerns actual assignment scores response basically decide give item equal weight index give weights firm rules suggest practice tends support method items weighted equally compelling reasons differential weighting burden proof differential weighting equal weighting norm course decision related earlier issue regarding balance items chosen
appendix designed courses involve actual processing survey data classroom lectures set instructions illustrations assist translating textual discussion hands data processing experience chosen statistical package social sciences spss nie al demonstrate novice computer analysis package statistical routines widely data manipulation system college campuses today nearly routines accomplish research tasks covered book suitable package beginning researcher seasoned veteran appendix designed present spss material manner parallel text facilitate provided references textual sections appendix cases present specific references spss manual covers techniques greater detail note present spss features directly relevant text package extensive intensive treatment data processing procedures presented source examples appendix dataset collected survey covered chapter figure allow greater continuity text appendix providing focus presentation text technical format spss manual able present computer aspect research chronological order actually occur research project
extension principles table construction bivariate trivariate case complex task covered chapter text extension spss crosstabs command trivariate greater case simple basically simply stringing variables connected feature tables card let say discovered relationship opinion sample regarding proposition bombing vietnam cease sex respondent specifically found males tend disagree proposition females tend agree relationship clear suspicion family income factor want relationship holds wealthy fortunate looking setup find bombing cessation item named family income sex respondent called recode variables represent groupings wish analyze logic outline chapter dependent variable cessation bombing item independent variable gender control variable family income item seen variable tables card goes side table variable listed top table note variable tables card table printed variable variable sex separate tables printed separate pages
simpler method constructing index recode component items agreement disagreement sum produce results recode system constructing typology simply decide look typology method construct index note index values reversed created method results terms frequencies produced index agreement index disagreement scales composite variables properties interval measurement interval values exactly interval adjacent pair values creation weighted indexes scale assumed interval properties problem dealing equally weighted items indexes created assumed agreement item exactly agreement item call examples indexes agreement disagreement moving step closer rigorous measure acceptability power appropriately discard assumption instance assumption agreement item country wrong important want weight agreement item strongly let say willing count double create weighted index agreement scale acceptability power
earth collection atoms bound ball rock metal miles diameter weighs sextillion tons planets bound sun ball stand miraculous combination chemical compounds water earth billion human million lesser understood sagan ancient century vast majority discoveries findings applications centered understanding controlling environment hundred attempts understand human interacts environment half century moon landed surface found waterless rocky wilderness pitted collisions meteorites temperature venus blistering degrees fehrenheit upper atmosphere earth loaded hundreds orbiting manufactured planets satellite probes landed examined mars pictures venus flat mount maxwell higher everest pettengill al human history present story seeking understand universe universe basic question psychology roots philosophy early days real tool study human speculation experts method greeks represented mainstay psychology greek type speculation considered unscientific century starting point explanation human quest understanding
psychology answer mind fairly sure body performs mechanical functions important vague domain psychology called mind belief mystic nature mind able speak importance matter mind soul considerable indication external behavior influenced physical factors body called mind intimately related psychology study scientists quick learn body granted strange powerful force direct effect operation call psyche think fevers minds functions purely mechanical physical found impact mind add physical behaviors mystical exists instance stranger mysterious astronomers creatures amazing sense direction abilities present fully understands simple organism sponge alive kitchen basically tubular structure water drawn tiny pores passed canals dispersed vent water sponge lives
interpretation environment connected cortex ability symbolize assign top bottom side objects regardless placement incoming object instance cut piece paper equal sides put wall call square remain square tilt head degree angle viewing put square wall corner upward call diamond tilt head diamond square terms eye actually sees rock reading hard believe actually picking parts material making parts wholes obviously reading prove point give sentence backwards demonstrate reading involves habit symbolic context think material fits assuming word place analyzing basic shape word forwards backwards read sentence backwards stopping rat eht saw tac eht dunn rankin read versions cat saw rat cat rat wrong sentence say real sentence makes sense whatsoever brain mechanism chose ignore read carefully mean
beneath skin receptors touch cold warmth pressure contribute everyday sensations absence pain case injury combine sensations free nerve endings start acting pain result cold heat pressure awful pain frostbite likely originates sets receptors case cold combining free nerve endings send messages spinal cord complex interpretive network singer hilgard brown torebjork hallin types responses areas brain brought identify intensity duration spin simplify discussion bit easier understand going words somehwat inaccurately information coming brain referred going brain outgoing information brain parts body referred running downward discussing method pain impulse goes brain modify change incoming stimulus painful discussed section cognitive factors researchers suggest specific nerves running downward cut pain signal approach called gate theory works nerve cells pain gradually build impulses fire signal brain
watson sulky argumentative student felt belligerent philosophy subject couldn appreciate philosophy courses early ph began experimental studies reisman inference distaste philosophy led proclaim loudly clearly eloquently human behavior series stimuli series responses performances pavlov dogs consciousess exist according watson strictly result physiological components operation feelings love hope result overactive muscle gland system body pavlov captured imagination psychologists interested machines subject conditioning watson extended pavlov principles include idea entirety automatic reflexes movements triggered stimuli responses watson theory called behaviorism simply put means core consists actions behaviors complex internal motivations call exotic thinking merely subtle movement behavior vocal cords pavlov started idea part human behavior automatic watson carried idea include behavior thing watson humans inherit basic emotions attach objects fear love rage love fear rage mother beginning emotion start form complex mechanical associations women experiment child fear loud noises led famous cases psychology
previous chapter considerable discussion focused individual stimuli individual responses process learning classical conditioning sound tone arrival food operant shaping behavior animals giving food reward actions discovered learning memory studies hand psychologists saying human active seeker knowledge processes information elaborate fashion view called cognitive approach learning memory word cognitive context means knowledge think knowledge clearly elaborate meaning stimulus response wrong approach cognitive psychologists learning memory focusing complicated complex behaviors traditional operant classical learning theorist cognition refers examination knowledge manipulated processed organized big task try cover section cognitive view learning memory based principle called information processing english teacher nightmare define processing information circular definition fact term refers methods analyze store bring processes types things perceived happened information information processing simple minded
fairness history esp filled fraudulent cases found zener cards printed heavily showed side subjects caught signaling records experiments mysteriously disappeared results published journals side consistent evidence supports esp extrasensory perception mystical carefully controlled telepathy experiment sound buzzer subject open boxes screened male experimenter task guess box experimenter pick side screen pushed button box chose automatic recorder recorded subject opened box experimenter choice trials woman guessed correctly times odds chance responsible results dr hans eysenck discusses kind experiment interesting book sense nonsense psychology concludes esp accepted willing believe universities hundreds highly respected scientists believe esp involved gigantic conspiracy biggest difficulty area parapsychology mystic label extrasensory perception implication kind magic involved analogy watch dog ready attack hear observers magic extrasensory perception solved problem dog excellent hearing range
psychological study stand wife team psychologists adopted chimpanzee lovable month female decided rear exactly human child happen chimp grew human brother treated identically parents felt panic chimp learning faster son eating drinking habits obedience behavior developed later age human son overtaken surpassed chimpanzee respect physical strength amount hair kellogg kellogg certainly chimpanzee experiment child study dramatic illustrating point central child psychology development species orderly specific timetable pattern child progresses individual rate taught ready reached level maturation body mind ready training speculated considerable logic sequencing timing species development important factors complex final organism child living chimp slower later surpassed child developed high level symbolic ability initially chimp progressed rapidly quick development survival natural habitat jungle human child labors major disadvantage younger child strong coordinated walk crawling effective fleeing enemy
important remember children let steam unusual study form reward nursery school children amazing thing happened virtually perfect control children reported examiners experiment children sat quietly watched blackboard rewarded unknown random intervals sound bell instructed run scream behavior happy perform technique developed art children sit pay attention earn credits behavior credits cashed rewards favorites opportunity push experimenter room movable swivel chair homme al study boys interesting light throws effective control behavior study divided boys groups high degree esteem fairly low esteem high esteem defined regarding oneself worthwhile person feels fairly competent social situations afraid express personal opinion study shows factors involved concept esteem boys related home marked strict consistent discipline involved withholding love physical punishment emphasized parents genuine concern interest child coppersmith addition high esteem confidence shown related moral reasoning difference individual act moral judgments harris al blasi
hermaphrodies illustrate happens severe hormonal malfunction importantly social influences social learning strong child reared sex adapt fairly transexuals psychological sex identity physical operate bring physical characteristics line psychological identification rough tumble activities fairly high levels aggression differentiate males females studies intelligence show early boys girls progress girls excel verbal abilities boys spatial abilities real evidence females psychologically weaker suggestible passive society dictates part nature chosen woman act maternal member family male forced role say successful meet opposition woman present difficulties anxiety general called fear success existed marital satisfaction highest couple newly married child children definitely depress level happiness couple swing higher levels satisfaction children leave home single women age happy situation unmarried women show high levels satisfaction lives males ages happy single culture exercises strong influence sex role development males females trained
turn prominent theorists learning personality john dollard neal miller took basic components freudian neo freudian theory added flavor tied framework system learning development stressed psychoanalytic principles find outline trying explain human beings develop matter personality theory working assumption dollard miller theory modify change behavior things rewarding unpleasant principle freud concept id gratifying basic desires dollard miller add freud core sex drive phenomena hunger thirst justification adding drives based primarily studies lower organisms instance rats trained push lever pigeons trained peck place order obtain pellet food drink water receiving food water satisfies basic need resulting reduction animal desire dollard miller system mother nipple satisfy hunger human child derives pleasure obviously child feel loved nipple think watson experiment albert afraid white rat white things furry things effect initial connection spread outward include things closely related original object recall term process generalization principle child pleasurable feeding experiences generalize mother person eventually
question deal test fact discriminate racial ethnic groups number things consider answering question extent sat reflects school achievement substantial quality education certainly going important factor carroll maxwell city public schools general rule provide level education found private schools schools suburban locations cities higher proportion blacks hispanics residential areas performance groups likely suffer result say test biased supporters test point kinds skills required college similar tested sat purpose sat predict performance college question job present answer moderately successful high school grades predictors grade point averages college sat scores accuracy prediction increases combined combination corrects fact average podunk high mean thing average academically tougher school noted college performance percent predictable matter measures success college closely related success career general definition success unfair test weiss davison green creativity chapter
dealing obedience authority truly amazing potent telephone study set hospital nurses telephoned physician unknown nurses told administer drug patient physician en route drug started taking effect hospital experimenters fictitious drug bottle medicine locker clearly labeled maximum dosage phone physician prescribed administration double safe dosage twenty nurses stopped experimenters left nurses station medicine hand give patient ordered hofling al saving grace mess terms learning lesson social psychologists summed key lot destructive obedient behavior lie fact responsibility actions told charge responsible happens obedience bizarre commands drops dramatically worchel cooper techniques verbal persuasion run gamut radio television commercial defense attorney plea jury persuasion bad spend lives trying convince point view totally immune effects persuasion resistant appeal depends number things
set studies aggression involved showing part movie champion starring kirk douglas part movie shown douglas received grotesque beating seen movie subjects told judge merit drawing person positioned screen didn administer shocks variation experiment artist introduced kirk subjects subjects intensity shock administered kirk considerably greater stooge called suggests important principle identify violent behavior carry seen screen berkowitz green experiment basic arrangement subjects told viewing movie bad guy receiving beating group subjects told guy recipient blows words subjects beating justified unjustified experimenters found justified violence bred greater violence shocks stooges unjustified violence principles important violence breed violence justified violence likely breed violence study strongly suggest violence honor portrayed movies television actually leads violence diener woody guess subjects felt society condones violent behavior collins zimmerman berkowitz problem attitude presents notable feel circumstances justified
experiment small sample subjects larger sample impact individual differences likely results obtained accurate small sample extreme score effect mean true large sample recall beginning section discussion weights sample assume select sample weigh lbs weighs lbs total weight mean weight lbs pound raised average lbs weigh suppose took sample weighing weighing mean weight lbs closer reflection weigh pound distorted accuracy mean larger sample sample mean slightly impossible check weight country single weight add divide number population population mean called grand mean sample mean approximate grand mean population mean higher lower important results trustworthy want increase confidence represent pretty closely entire population studied number ways
need understand human beings civilization need important today urgency need springs essentially complexities modern live today rapidly changing emotionally charged environment knowledge help immeasurably making adjustments adapting situations strange societies history experienced threatened disrupt ways era jolted twentieth century social technicological watched television human stepped moon senior citizens cheered similarly historic news kitty hawk north carolina december date orville wilbur wright proved motor driven craft fly orville wright flew crude flimsy contraption called airplane feet decades later american astronauts flew miles landed moon incredibly rapid developments flight illustrate small aspect scientific change twentieth century adapt social sphere modern culture significant quarter nineteenth century technology transformed developed nations reasonably simple agrarian communities sprawling urban cultures created problems difficult challenge human intelligence ingenuity congestion attendant problems urban living created tension ridden emotionally explosive populations confront complexities living grandparents dreamed today social environment parts bred discontent dissension known need look newspaper headlines convinced worldwide turmoil
dr kennety clark today foremost psychologists born panama american parents raised york city dr clark enjoys reputation scholar national leader experienced social psychologist clinical psychologist child specialist shows dedication humanistic goals psychology advancement human higher education started howard university washington earned bachelor arts degree master arts degree howard columbia university awarded doctorate dr clark teaching career started howard university continued hampton institute hampton virginia queens college york moved city college city university york rank professor visiting professor columbia university california berkeley harvard dr clark career primarily academic served positions agencies departments york governments advisor department appointed york board regents governing body school system dr clark contributions civil rights movement extensive supreme court hearing testimony school desegregation offered evidence based psychological research segregated education severe harmful effects children court ruling announced apparent evidence weighed heavily decision working young harlem ghetto collected data serve guidelines office economic opportunity
high sense esteem feel essentially sort person basically want peace fulfilled important personal goal resulting feeling confidence terms person predicament feel distance image ideal image person feel guilty unworthy lacking esteem confidence person tend unhappy moody higher person ideal image greater fear falling short ironically students feel inferior abilities discouraged prospects success brighter students fear examinations increasingly evident mature develop image sense identity part image defined simply think focusing identity interested social place role comfortable important aspect identity sex identity comfortable person feels sex role assigned nature culture person regard fully male maleness defined culture aspirations closer female role inwardly feel females superior fun enjoy advantages general deal feel adequately masculine privately associate feelings feminine ways wish woman similar questions raised respect woman
goals means reaching practical attainable achieve goals goals compatible ability achieve abilities underestimate overestimate images realistic close ideal images strive bring lives line ideal images goals compatible pursue goal successfully means abandoned frequently faced apparently incompatible goals find compromise solution acceptability compromise varies person person succeeding handsomely failing generally true cake eat wholesome personality implies presence range goals things coming reach requires persistence striving love raising family achieving education preparing career successful chosen field developing constructive philosophy require typically flit goal goal mercy whims attractions amount wholesome personality noted general acceptance culture pointed acceptance mean passively drifting tide find restlessness dissatisfaction things heard say wish leave bit found jacob riis florence nightingale countless sufficient devotion wishes
denial reality pointed discussion defense mechanisms chapter help stabilize personality careful overlook reality makes difficult deal problems intelligently sex area human behavior desirable benefit intelligence help deal intelligently recognize sex sex love love psychologist looks love reik points differences sex love sex biological certainly psychological component love psychological sex varies psychological person love sex exists humans animals love comes influence culture sex readily turn boredom hate love easily terminated sex relationship partner interested body love interest person sex seeks lustful pleasure love seeks happiness joy giving personal fulfillment sex completely selfish love unselfish completion sex experience love need partner eating adequate meal need food love enduring experience offers sexual fulfillment variation popular tendency equate love sex seen don juanism don juan legendary spaniard known lover numbered hundreds women conquests fantasy lover women envy appeal adolescents course growth form number temporary relationships person tries number try satisfy personality need psychologists dim view don juans donna juanas women seek numerous sexual conquests
numerous beliefs learned home young adopt beliefs influence behaviors tend think held birth taught parents view human nature expressed basically perception product early learning home grow strong sense human values democratic outlook emphasizes human dignity experience love family grow believing kinds love including love humanity grow kindly view fail need moral values consider dog eat dog devil hindmost scoff love fairy tale direction greatly influenced attitudes expressed home attitudes groups national social racial religious learned home develop attitude fair mindedness early likely relate objectively ethically similarly learn prejudice early prejudice groups means prejudgment basis sex race religion nationality regardless differences individually viewed coming identical mold process called stereotyping nicknames disparaging pigeonhole nicknames prompt automatic reaction prejudices ancient origin contributed disharmony wars nations modern times concept males superior females recognized prejudice
hallucinations common schizophrenia auditory voices abusive threatening accusations wrongdoing upsetting terrifying delusions occur frequency schizophrenia typically delusions persecution reference influence grandeur depersonalization frequently seen condition afflicted schizophrenia neglect bathe clothes disheveled number subtypes schizophrenia including simple type paranoid type catatonic type hebephrenic type undifferentiated type discussed paragraphs subtypes classified according symptoms prominent schizophrenic person afflicted schizophrenia simple type rarely seen mental hospitals likely found jails shelters homeless simple schizophrenics tend hallucinate delusions conspicuous aspects condition function low psychological level intellectually emotionally interests attachment drifters vagrants prostitutes integrated fabric society high percentage schizophrenic paranoid ideas tend suspicious think talking fear plotting kill delusions reference persecution paranoid ideas prominent behavior entire existence appears revolve idea plotting kill say showing schizophrenia paranoid type paranoid thinking means confined schizophrenics paranoid degree found psychotic
joan senior editor magazine publisher age riding crest brilliant career exhibited number qualities valued society rounded ambitious intellectually gifted worked hard achieve professional goals started working publishing shortly finishing college tireless dedicated joan promoted positions increasing responsibility difficulty delegating responsibility subordinates owner acquired magazine joan especially policies established dutifully carried friends workers soon noticed change joan spontaneous cheerful unguarded moments look gloom face times burst sobbing reason longer efficient troubled terribly convinced intelligent qualified monday morning unable face going joan panicked swallowed sleeping pills realizing notified neighbor called ambulance joan entered hospital treatment included psychotherapy occupational therapy found working hands fun discharged days fully depression joan took position continued psychotherapy gradually learned live fuller rounded satisfying fred spent months mental hospital recent breakdown leaving hospital returned home purchasing agent small manufacturing concern worked efficiently latest setback sign wrong started chain smoke cigarettes moderate smoker previously tense bearing acquired
class synthetic chemicals known collectively barbiturates widespread addicted barbiturates known names amytal luminal nembutal seconal course slang terms widely prescribed physicians sleeping pills purposes medical supervision highly dangerous damage opiates intentionally barbiturates frequently leads death newspapers frequently report deaths due overdose sleeping pills means suicide times refers accidents habituated barbiturates tablets capsules sleep confused lose track swallow morphine addicts barbiturates order feel supply usual drug cut alcoholics drugs ease hangover alcoholics alcohol barbiturates simultaneously increase effect dangerous practice prove fatal barbiturate addicts drugs ease tension induce drowsy drugs provide kick similar alcohol fact barbiturate addicts resemble intoxicated alcohol eyes glassy gait unsteady speech thick ability think impaired confused show poor judgment eyeballs move involuntarily able focus eyes sufficiently read emotional control break addicts burst laughter cry overtalkative continued barbiturates lead psychosis involving severe delusions hallucinations permanent damage brain occur withdrawal symptoms severe resemble delirium tremens
effective behavior therapies supporters methods tend highly enthusiastic numerous reports psychological psychiatric journals report success rate report behavior therapies successful conventional therapies consuming economical objective observers disagree feel superiority instances general effectiveness behavior therapies established clear behavior therapy highly effective ridding person specific troublesome symptoms phobias thumb sucking nail biting bed wetting demonstrated complex behavior patterns alcoholism generalized feelings anxiety schizophrenia helped behavior therapies certainly difficult imagine behavior therapy helpful coming grips crucial issues establishing identity learning love experiencing beauty developing personal values intellectually creative ridding oneself deep gnawing feelings empty meaningless overcoming feeling loneliness experience apparently relating actively challenge effectiveness ethical desirability behavior therapies dr elbert russell writing journal clinical psychology notes behavioristic methods greater ability change behavior methods previously developed evident behavior methods power control noncoercive situation strong statements
midst period rapid change veritable revolution regard understanding troubled personality decision expression troubled personality book older generally accepted term mental illness reflection change concept troubled personality limit concern human problems severe disorders distress forms degrees troubled personality instances feeling missing things increasingly psychologists interested development human potentiality helping move troubled nonfulfillment richer satisfying clinical methods sprung ideas past drugs psychotherapy basic methods treatment activities occupational therapy industrial therapy newer methods strictly speaking therapies applied sick purpose cure names encounter groups marathon groups zen body awareness structural integration psychosynthesis consciousness raising gestalt yoga meditation training growth seminars sensitivity training groups conducted bear titles leader growth coordinator psychotherapist engage activities normal troubled missing lives need learn understand learn grow develop potentialities mature live fuller lives concerned neurosis psychosis seek rid hang ups learn cope circumstances uptight
effect distracting interests school performance noted activities school greater appeal students school program students general invest energies areas greatest interests observations verbal intelligence high mechanical intelligence excell social intelligence suggest relationship interests intellectual behavior person relate ideas things exercising skills area strong interest areas natural meaningful purpose hand reason assume person interest areas intellectual behavior sole reason excelling reasonable believe extent person develops interests areas reaps rewards achievements drive urge achieve intimately related interest drive obviously evidenced person habits persistence speed obviously reflect drive person seen rapid rate productivity important goal slow methodical approach reflects high degree drive indifference noninvolvement person expression insufficient drive attention task concentration show involved person encountering problem meet avoid attempt wish existence say hoping place coping existence problem denied energy person puts thinking evident degree exercises critical attitude original thinkers
tests differ respect aspects personality designed evaluate personality tests intelligence tests vocational interest tests aptitude tests achievement tests called personality tests tests concerned evaluating portion total personality typically evaluate intelligence vocational interests aptitudes achievements definition aspects personality personality tests focus topics interests goals effectively pursued perception interpersonal relationships problem areas coped deviations adequate normal functioning personality intelligence tests evaluate intellectual abilities aptitudes specifically relate learning school subjects modern tests intelligence fact referred tests scholastic ability general mental ability tests evaluate abilities thinking learning judgment memory measure intellectual achievements shown knowledge accumulated size vocabulary ability language effectively choose career vocation young children grow want doctor lawyer teacher engineer succeed early aspiration hwoever remain uncertain future vocational objectives high school college uncertainties exist vocational interest tests highly suggesting specific occupations students wish prepare engineering music teaching interest tests suggest vocational areas specific occupations
stanford achievement test battery tests serve achievement tests tests grades differ teacher tests standardized large representative sample students united states tests refined trial error statistical analysis faulty items difficult easy ambiguous eliminated advanced edition consists tests area english area arithmetic social studies science tests area english paragraph meaning reading comprehension spelling language test paragraph meaning paragraphs printed key words left student supply correct words separate list possibilities spelling test words printed groups student asked identify words group misspelled language test presented parts evaluate language usage punctuation skills ability capitalize words correctly dictionary skills sentence sense essentially ability understand thought thoughts sentence ability put words sense arithmetic tests arithmetic computation addition subtraction multiplication division arithmetic concepts equations usage mathematical terms roots powers sets arithmetic applications solving practical problems involving things cost groceries distances map social studies science tests multiple choice format
psychologists spend conducting psychological research research psychologists devote research receiving extensive training techniques research conduct studies directed finding principles increase psychological knowledge finding specific applications psychological principles society research techniques experimentation psychologist carefully controls conditions studied note precise scientific instruments psychological laboratory shown precise conditions skinner studied effects punishment equally precise hurlock studied praise reproof pp techniques research psychologists include naturalistic observation survey method accepted level training research psychologist ph clinical psychologists devote helping mental emotional problems traditionally clinical psychologists engage diagnosis psychotherapy research photograph clinical psychologist giving psychological test order obtain information helpful makes diagnosis today clinical psychologists working psychiatrists administrators alleviate prevent mental health problems individual communities engage consultation advising teachers employers positions authority deal psychological problems students employees supervision accepted level training clinical psychologist ph doctorate education ed doctorate psychology psy psychiatrists medical doctors specialize diagnosis treatment mental emotional disorders
incisa born francesco brother gherardo product furtive visit ser petracco family reunited pisa possibly genoa ser petracco visited friend fellow exile dante ser petracco found post papal court removed rome avignon wife sons joined exile avignon town thousand inhabitants arrival papal court affected establishment united nations rural american county seat cardinals trains billeted citizens homes petitioners office seekers camped streets walls cemeteries signora petracco boys found lodgings town carpentras fifteen miles spent happy writing later guido sette schoolmate lifelong friend petrarch remembered carpentras joy security peace home liberty public country silence round recalled tenderly boys watched night talk eternal subjects remembered companions studying latin grammatical rhetorical lessons noting substance thought pettiness brevity haste tumbling course hidden cheats flower soon wasted fugitive beauty blooming face flight youth trickeries age wrinkles illnesses sadness pain implacable cruelty indomitable death oppressed sense hurry end father carpentras guido sette uncle despite signora petracco fears visited famous fontaine de fourteen miles
critical sense keen called treasured document julius caesar fake read absurd ill written saint simplicianus outright believe word opposed supernatural explanations preferring rest plain reason aristotle aristotle common sense rejected astrology formally taught italian universities denied human liberty celestial bodies deviate courses break laws run irregular orbits give warnings ridiculous skeptical miracles lies follies frauds hide veil religion sanctity essentially taught blending faith love exact rational critical method blended poet scholar approach knowledge emotional desire examine cool distrust theology poem god subject theology rational science susceptible reason attitude union love reason humanism properly call petrarch humanist modernism retained medieval word medieval surprised thought medieval times modern times thought bad times took granted social political religious structure antithesis human divine contempt mere proving ground interest scholastic philosophy medieval literature general pinned faith plato aristotle supreme medieval master course knew poetic predecessors france italy mentions medieval classics barely dante
niccolo lacked virtues praised possessed incompatible picture nick anticlerical literate adult male italians centuries spite pious mother teaching zealously practicing catholic expect baptized confirmed married died arms church seen children conventional course farther popular picture age evidence indulged fantastic crimes vices faithful wife middle class husbands age clime kind affectionate considerate husband father warm true friend word money matters admired respected citizen digression called handful pornographic letters shocked victorian sensibilities symonds fifteenth century humanists fantastic obscenities normal epistolary ornament certainly anglo saxon centuries written anecdotes machiavelli wrote friends hear locker room masculine bar responses anecdotes friends wrote differ essential subject matter elaboration intensification clearly meant top friends stories top successfully led wonder literary artifice imagination called supply defects experience
pazzi conspiracy formidable folly failed created crisis marked turning point lorenzo political career prevent recurrence surrounded armed guard adopted precautions enemies denounced tyranny tightened grip government subordinated signory councils perpetuating privy council responsible converted controlling influence created cosimo absolute personal rule pazzi conspiracy fortunate medici masterful lorenzo assumed full meaning florence crisis effect stimulated powers statesman devoted diligently preserving balance power keeping peace italy sooner crisis critics found fault conduct expedition naples blamed rash foolhardy unnecessary adventure argued attained success sitting safely home risking hands faithless enemy returning florence hero antagonizing pope playing injured party concealed grievance handled gently averted war caused greatest damage city especially trade taxes punishment pazzi excessively cruel considered unnaturally vindictive heartless imprisoning innocent young family preventing pazzi girls marrying breeding kind guicciardini admitted event bitter wonder extraordinarily angered
notebooks leonardo unexpected personal thousand pages preserved page wonderful jumble drawings notes piece geometry horse head astronomical conjecture flower stand side side photograph shows leonardo transparent clarity show delicate scale leonardo worked pages notebooks crowded detail bigger hand expression leonardo withdrawn indrawn character doubt mirror writing leonardo writing left hand shading drawings left handed painted left hand damaged hand florence delicate parts pictures pocket notebooks left handed shading mirror writing express leonardo character determination smallest detail witness anatomical drawings showing hollows blood vessels head drawings exact compared point point photographs ray radioactive tracers enormous scope researches impressive absorption meticulousness intensity looked mechanism saw leonardo merely original sense profound ideas passion looking afresh matter trivial occasion
fullest picture daily activities found book mirror times commentaries readable autobiographies written historical record important events pius seen sharp eye ripe judgment enlivened brilliant sketches places perceptive reflections human nature nil nil deceit pretense wrote earliest biographers book carried qualities published counter reformation thought prune severely ascribe authorship copyist bonn matters heretics gladly seize pope pen full text afforded unvarnished picture pope contemporaries flattering florentine traders sordid populace persuaded noble pius asked bishop orta thought florence replied pity beautiful woman husband pope replied lacks husband lover say king tyrant meaning cosimo bolognese wrote cruel brave home abroad known cowards pages filled attacks venetians drew promises alliance turks favored war turks lips condemned hearts
biographers federigo father concerned mainly military exploits information aspects reign grant charter liberties accession taxes reduced kind public educational medical service promised populace say electing magistrates heard charter governed harshly according chronicler revisers round country investigate grievances relieve poverty grain apulia stored prices steady harvest failed certainly federigo generally accessible renaissance rulers vespasiano da mealtimes doors opened address courses rode met salute ask attendants armed afoot lands entering shop asking workmen calling need aught kind loved children love parents country ruled wondrous sight affability accessibility remarkable assassination common form political behavior benevolence federigo despotism famous italy brother burnt page alive minor lapse federigo merciful offenses save blasphemy recorded instances humane prudently considered welfare subjects
niccolo iii coming power unsparing energy forebears consolidated domain grand scale niccolo iii resolute soldier astute manipulator circumstance constructive intelligence founded university solicitous welfare stipulate monies allocated funeral donated public charity variously magnanimous cruel ordered son ugo wife parisina beheaded discovered lovers niccolo exceptional sons reigned succession illegitimate legitimate leonello level headed shrewd politician sowed seeds flowering humanism ferrara borso statesman peace equally devoted arts legitimate son rule ercole temperament icy won nicknames north wind diamond ascended throne age forty ercole political marriages wedding leonora aragon daughter king ferrante naples powerful sovereign bride beautiful beautiful naturally regal endowed sound bourgeois sense queenly courage sensitive warm woman company chilly nature husband thawed noble house court traditionally cultivated schooled humanistic sciences isabella beatrice born birth destinies divergent parallel patterned counterpoint isabella child born welcomed enthusiasm parents court populace saw blonde softly rounded comely infant girl herald male heir
needed isabella moved sixtieth stronger animated gay ready eager heart problem respect consideration paid abundance court exemplary crowded literary figures courtiers beautiful witty young women formed trained school according bold modern moral concept allowing freedom insisting virtuous apartments ground floor ducal palace collected noblest finest creations age producing famous rooms studiolo grotta celebrated door tullio lombardo talk courts italy poems songs travel memoirs writings description flowed mantua satisfy livelier curiosity heavy traffic elegant luxuries diminish gowns jewels perfumes cosmetics adornments extraordinary objects doll dressed inside exactly isabella francis requested received send wife france isabella fortified secret secret called solarolo solarolo tiny possession romagna belonged isabella needed received secretaries ministers directed adjudicated enforced methods management affectionate ease legitimately fulfilling true nature finally giving expression passion ruling magnificent queen listened secretaries reports maps solarolo spread collections paintings marbles bronzes ancient modern crystal alabaster ornate clocks expressing personality fully harmoniously
zeus tell looks socrates age meet proverb meet members group lament longing pleasures youth reminiscing sex drinking bouts feasts goes things sort hard deprived important lived alive bewail abuse age receives relatives key sing refrain evils age caused socrates opinion put fingers suffered things depend age point encountered especially sophocles sex intercourse woman silence joyfully escape run sort frenzied savage master thought spoken age brings peace freedom things desires cease strain finally relax sophocles says comes pass rid mad masters things concern relatives age socrates character human beings balanced tempered age moderately troublesome age socrates youth alike turn hard sort full wonder wanting say stirred saying cephalus say things suppose accept believe due character bear age easily due possessing substance
reason willing rule sake money honor don wish openly exact wages ruling called hirelings secretly profit ruling called thieves rule sake honor lovers honor necessity penalty addition going willing rule likely source held shameful seek rule await necessity greatest penalties ruled worse willing rule oneself fear view decent rule rule proceed enter rule going going enter necessity turn likely city fight ruling ruling manifest true ruler naturally consider advantage ruled knows choose benefited trouble benefiting agree thrasymachus advantage stronger consider thrasymachus says opinion bigger thing asserts unjust stronger
glaucon begged help give argument seek truth benefit spoke opinion looks investigation undertaking ordinary thing sees sharply re clever opinion kind investigation ordered don sharply read letters afar thought letters bigger bigger place suppose look godsend able consider littler read course happen certainly adeimantus socrates notice investigation tell say justice surely justice city certainly city bigger yes bigger justice bigger easier observe closely want investigate justice cities consider individuals considering likeness bigger idea littler say fine watch city coming speech justice coming injustice hope re looking easily easily resolved try carry suppose small job consider considered adeimantus don
making road suppose find say wouldn surprising happiest founding city looking exceptional happiness group city supposed find justice city injustice turn worst governed taking careful look judge seeking suppose re fashioning happy city city setting happy putting consider opposite presently painting statues began blame saying putting fairest colors fairest parts animal eyes fairest painted purple black apology saying surprising don suppose paint eyes fair don look eyes parts observe assigning suitable fair don compel attach guardians happiness turn guardians clothe farmers fine robes hang gold bid earth pleasure potters recline fire drinking competition left feasting wheel set desire pots blessed city surely happy
remains consider profitable things practice fine remains unnoticed profitable injustice unjust provided pay penalty result punishment socrates inquiry looks ridiculous livable body nature corrupted sort food drink sort wealth sort rule livable nature thing live confused corrupted want rid vice injustice enable acquire justice virtue clear qualities manifested characters description yes ridiculous place able clearly things weary zeus shrink forms vice opinion worth looking tell point argument lookout looks form virtue unlimited number vice worth mentioning mean
happens meet hold meeting brother sister father mother son daughter descendants ancestors say fine tell names kinship set laws actions names fathers law prescribes shame fathers providing parents obey pain stead gods human beings holy sayings mouths citizens ring ears children earliest age fathers whomever points fathers relatives sayings ridiculous mouthed deeds names kinship city badly utter accord phrase affairs badly true saying close conviction expressed phrase follows community pleasures pains say won citizens thing common thing common community pain pleasure
image nature education want education likening condition kind human beings underground cavelike dwelling entrance open light width cave childhood legs necks bonds fixed seeing front unable bond turn heads light fire burning fire prisoners road wall built partitions puppet handlers set front human beings show puppets wall human beings carrying sorts artifacts project wall statues animals wrought stone wood kind material expected carriers utter sounds silent strange image strange prisoners re telling re place suppose seen shadows cast fire side cave facing compelled heads motionless things carried course able discuss things don believe hold naming things going
say true likewise respect truth won class maimed soul hates willing lie finding hard endure incensed lie content receive unwilling lie caught ignorant vexed easily accommodates swinish beast wallowing lack learning entirely respect moderation courage magnificence parts virtue special guard bastard genuine private city don complete consideration things services happen need unawares employ lame bastards friends rulers care things bring straight limb understanding important study important training educate justice blame save city regime bringing sort exactly opposite pour ridicule philosophy shameful certainly ridiculously affected forgot playing spoke intensely talking looked philosophy seeing undeservingly spattered mud vexed say seriously spiritedness aroused responsible
money makers heads bent wound injections silver remainder yields carrying father multiple offspring interest drone beggar city events willing quench kind evil bursting flame preventing wants property alternatively instituting law resolves cases law takes place law compels citizens care virtue prescribe voluntary contracts contractor risk citizens money shamelessly city fewer evils kind describing grow fewer reasons rulers city treat ruled young luxurious taste body soul soft resist pleasures pains idle haven neglected moneymaking paid attention virtue poor yes rulers ruled prepared fashion alongside wayfaring community trips religious festivals campaigns shipmates fellow soldiers observing dangers poor wise despised rich
law presumably says finest quiet misfortunes irritated bad things plain taking hard human things worthy seriousness pain impediment coming thing support need quickly cases mean deliberation happened accept fall dice settle affairs argument declares behave children stumbled hold hurt place spend crying habituate soul turn quickly curing setting aright fallen sick lament medicine events correct face chance brings say part willing follow calculation plainly part leads reminiscences suffering complaints won say irrational idle friend cowardice certainly say irritable disposition affords varied imitation prudent quiet character nearly equal easily imitated imitated easily understood especially festive assembly sorts human beings gathered theater imitation condition surely alien entirely
city sees apparent atheism philosopher effect young poet aristophanes ridiculed socrates clouds paved later official accusation shows philosopher subversive depicts socrates investigated things air earth makes weaker argument stronger meaning charge philosopher studies nature heavens finds true account celestial phenomena differing widely religious myths learns purely mechanical explanation zeus thunderbolt philosopher contemplation heavens dissolves perspective city laws mere conventions natural status turns duties citizenship learns teaches despise human political things philosopher understanding things makes impossible grasp level reduced nonman political subpolitical philosophers alienated human things poetry adequately reproduce poet profound joins city condemnation philosophy enemy political socrates show philosopher poet able treat political things responsibly easy philosopher calls question natural character justice virtue science special place
discussion definition ruler perfect knower art thrasymachus merely lover gain lover knowledge model uncommon phenomenon intellectual passions service things knowledge devotes knowledge knowledge pursued sake knowledge recognizes superiority devoted knowing sake contradiction defeats taking knowledge seriously leads preoccupation private advantage disinterested devoted universal concern thrasymachus respect art reason enables socrates tame thrasymachus compelled argument rational argument goes counter passions intrigued socrates art skill arguments simply socrates manages advantage rhetorician impressive feat city confronted socrates destroys thrasymachus charmed arguments finally friend intellectual voice city tractable city republic book perfect city characterized perfect interlocutors city founded persuadable argument convince adapt kind contrary apparent advantage unbelievable conditions found city deed exceptional interlocutors found speech
themes book help clarify grounds final consideration poetry immortality soul rewards justice discussed rewards death book culminates poetic myth appearing reject poetry socrates describe cosmos fate broadest objects human discourse poetry socrates project reforming glaucon kind poetry sustain glaucon moral virtue respect philosophy poetry entirely banished reformed book begins criticism homeric poetry ends socratic poetry separating discussion immortality soul difference poetry lies understanding soul poetry lead necessarily view soul inimical philosophy cosmos chaos pre socratic poetry contained support moral theoretical river ocean surrounds homer thing constant meaningless change poetry ground portraying subjects reveal powers culminates hero achilles achilles bemoans fate asserts preference serfdom earth kingdom dead mere counts void justifying nobility learning text republic book odyssey book xi account odysseus visit dead
step praise extend range consideration eternity eternity proper study promiscuity fortune tend believe justice goes unrewarded injustice unpunished socrates undertakes convince glaucon soul immortal discussion rank proof attempt show individual soul immortal thing anxious fate care socrates admits soul denies argument calling question teaching dialogue based understanding soul discussion serves purposes unphilosophic concerned justice fear happen turn philosophic study soul soul philosophic question concern question distinguishes socrates predecessors characteristic part teaching soul irreducible principle cosmos shade achilles hades offensive morals possibility philosophy achilles show human soul support cosmos socratic thought combines apparently contradictory concerns earlier poetry earlier philosophy understand understand nature informed principle soul republic give completed teaching politics soul ends return philosophic doubt conviction opinions open unanswered unanswerable questions
nuptial number darkest passages plato works presents difficulties greek mathematics sufficiently high tragic manner presentation interpretation subject dispute antiquity list commentaries cf plato republic james adam ed cambridge vol pp xlviii number clearly pythagorean triangle sides reflects greatest discoveries problems ancient science cf aristotle politics note surface reason number appearance relate cosmic principles science perfect regime establish harmony knowledge nature politics highest human things merely playthings chance perfect technical control conditions decent political riddlesome character number presentation reflect reality harmony naturalness possibility regime supposed according nature regime predicated emergence rulers knowers artisans precise sense insisted thrasymachus later adopted socrates highest function insure reproduction species replenishment numbers human reproduction controlled science eugenics combined power chance rules human affairs regimes lower standards rely ordinary rulers regime regime artisans able live according nature mastery chance
slightly ten ago united states department labor estimated mere million secretaries employed force women occupied approximately percent secretarial positions reasons secretarial profession attractive female workers career minded secretary profession continues stepping stone higher administrative posts reentry secretary secretary office profession offered employment minimal period training twenty ago automation entered secretarial place form magnetic tape selectric typewriter machine supposed revolutionize office secretarial position crucial operation office proved aid secretary substitute past decade technology inroads office secretarial position alive strong continues provide employment opportunities entry level experienced secretary addition automation office reduced need secretaries department labor estimated million secretarial force tremendous increase past ten women continued dominate area office employment approximately percent female reasons attracted secretaries past secretarial duties exclusively women vigorous attempts eliminate sexist role job categroy number large companies making conscious efforts add male secretaries employed secretarial positions undoubtedly found opportunities field
office forms analysis log daily plan handwritten legible assure legible handwriting place elbows desk surface proper writing tools sharp pencil ball point pen order write uniformly allow proper spacing letters words lowercase letters height capital letters cross dot writing numbers sure distinguish automated office entry data handwritten begin program develop handwriting skill judge penmanship read handwriting cold hours sure difficult study month flow secretary desk patterns fluctuation instance mondays traditionally bring heavier mail subsequently heavier dictation monday plans light secretary issue month statements account spread preparation month organized pattern slack periods ideal transferring files typing record cards bringing address files date duplicating sets frequently requested materials times secretary lookout ways simplify help meet demands periodic peak loads secretary thinks ahead makes preliminary preparations addressing envelopes partially completing forms preparing enclosures purchasing requisitioning supplies office run smoothly busiest times planning unavoidable emergencies occur unexpected illness tragedy upset normal functioning office force
bond paper called originally printing bonds lasting qualities cotton fiber called rag sulfite wood pulp proportion high cotton fiber bond suggests quality prestige ages deterioration chemical breakdown crisp crackle hard pencil touch difficult tear high sulfite bond limp soft pencil touch easy tear excellent sulfite papers crepelike ripple pebble finishes companies exclusively letterhead paper percent cotton fiber bond forms business records sulfite high sulfite bond hold piece paper light design words watermark trademark company paper brand paper bond paper watermarked mark hallmark quality side top edge plain watermarked sheets watermark read sheet direction typing put watermarked sheets stationery drawer manner position automatically inserted typewriter weight paper substance number number based weight ream consisting sheets inch paper ream weighs pounds paper substance pound weight thousand sheets inch paper cut ream
point save adding filing notations letters require replies reply letter filed correspondence filing notation put letter processing methods determining file letters filing notations presented chapter original letters copied machines organization executive request avoid writing face letters ask add annotations copying processes reproduce ink colored pencil copying process limitation need worry making notations face letter hand executives want notations copied achieve compact comprehensive records removable adhesive paper slips variety sizes colors annotating correspondence removed prior copying expedite executive handling specific letters anticipating preparing procedural steps help adopting suggestions cases letter answered additional information hand instance suppose secretary sales manager receives letter canceling order customer tired waiting delivery refer memo look attach pertinent information order date receipt present whereabouts delay judge background information supply executive ask anyway anticipate request
removing letter typewriter drop envelope letter platen remove letter envelope positioned addressing addressing envelope removing typewriter check original source document accuracy slip addressed envelope flap side top letter enclosures accumulated stack correspondence easy handle employer find easy read sign letters employers prefer addressed side facilitate matching address envelope letter address order reduce addressing errors typewriters programmed letter address keyboarded retained typing envelope automatically enclosure mentioned letter implied instruction obtain enclosure attach letter submitting signature multifunctional secretary traditional office administrative secretary word processing center collect enclosures enclosure file copy letter original copy letter received prepare copy copying machine type plain identified copy letter enclosure small cover body letter attached face larger put letter send letter signature enclosures clip note listing enclosures missing note serve dual purpose inform executive forgotten items enclosed remind mail letter enclosures hand
composing assignments consist letters employer signature asked write interoffice correspondence prepare news releases handle correspondence foreign offices knowledge handle opportunities composition add dimension effectiveness secretary written communication staff company takes form interoffice memorandum formal style traditional letter illustration interoffice memorandum reference guide secretary opportunities compose messages intracompany distribution ordering supplies requesting temporary help setting place meeting writing approach correspondence direct concise employer requests write memorandum staff scheduling meeting notice follows meeting sales staff held office items discussion include establishment sales districts quotas bring company publicity responsibility advertising department agency times asked compose type articles newspaper magazine publication news releases unsolicited items editors hope newsworthy interest readers news item facts clearly stated opinion italicized words expressions opinions writer dire emergency noted attorney signally honored composing news release answer put vital facts sentence important
mailgrams offer advantages forms communication engender sense urgency importance special envelopes telegram format receive post office priority received opened mail low cost cost phone originated mailgram words mailgrams addresses simultaneously politicians widely influence voters invite function cancel promoting sales detach reply form bottom mailgram message fill fold business reply envelope mailed sender postage free filing mailgram follow instructions preparing telegram page facsimiles exact copies documents remote output copiers virtually immune errors equipment facsimile transmission connected regular telephone circuits messages town thousands miles popular facsimile machine qwip send facsimile message place copy sender transceiver device identical equipment receiving location transceiver instrument send receive messages alert recipient dial number message place telephone receiver coupler cradle press send button coupler cradle resting place receiver connects offices receive document place handset receiver coupler cradle soon receive alert press receive button
companies original requisitioned material leaves central filing area photocopy person making requisition copy destroyed requesting person finished practice expensive wasteful essential original remain central files secretary need follow filed materials offices departments daily calendar pad frequently purpose anticipated date return jotted notation future date page calendar method write type needed data card place tickler file manufacturers filing equipment report cost executive secretarial clerical find misfiled record companies experience misfile rate percent obviously secretary vow avoid misfiling misfiling carelessness placing record folder scanning contents related document filed fastening materials paper clips pick unrelated papers putting folder inside misfiling supplies equipment recommended guides overcrowded folders sag tabs hidden drawers overstuffed inadequate space miscellaneous folders crowded papers individual folders opened final misfiling lies coding captions mutually exclusive choice wrong title cross references paper lost wrong folder
business organization services intracompany special transportation department regular services travel agency secretary responsible handling travel arrangements alert secretary soon discover employer preference hotel chain airline seat location consulting executive preferences remembering trip trip alleviate mental physical stress trip contribute effectiveness traveling business prefer fly especially trips save today passenger breakfast chicago lunch san francisco dine york supersonic transport planes cross atlantic washington paris hours jet age executive advantage keeping close contact operations home base fly jumbo connect large cities united states foreign cities planes equipped large seat lounges coach class passengers flight movies recorded entertainment travelers prefer smaller planes provide movies recorded entertainment flight major airlines supported regional lines fly cities small jet runways passenger traveling large city small fly jet planes regional airline planes class coach section
percentages help making numbers understandable relationship items total easily grasped illus page column shows percentage cost factor represents total cost statement secretarial cost producing business letter meaning secretarial cost producing business letter percent total cost producing letter percentage relatives index numbers compare extent degree relative based specific base clearly defined approximately telephones united states percentage relatives based figures index secretary responsibility determine effective presentation numeric data tables preferable exact representations constructed easy read making comparisons reaching conclusions graphics charts graphs hand quick identification relationships important types tables writing business reports general purpose tables reference special purpose tables direct eye mind specific relationships significance spot informal tables unnumbered tables paragraphs report general purpose tables appendix numbered consecutively tables statistical data included business reports special purpose tables tables page spot tables table explanatory
final version report measures originator skill concise logical writing secretary skill sustained attractive meticulous typing proofreading sure page uniformly typed secretary designs attractive page layout prepares job guide sheet final typing margin line spacing planned ensure readability document secretary automatic typewriter instructions programmed machine dictionary punctuation guide easy reach typist reports require multiple copies today tendency type original quality paper photocopy distribution type original master reproduction carbon paper copies original carbon copy page order typed ready proofread corrected leave carbon paper set typed pages pressure exerted pack unsightly offset marks copy fasten set pages paper clip clip leaves crimp marks place bottom copy top set protect choice ribbon copy bottom copy proofreading marking corrections ready handling set pages bottom set carbon copies proofreading illegibility revealed illegible copy passed inadvertently proved useless figures set pages especially unclear consider set unusable kinds typed page layouts traditional looks standard printed page textbook nontraditional units typing creatively arranged displayed
automatic teller depositor inserts plastic card punches personal identification number pin number code known depositor computer depositor reveals federal law requires automatic tellers issue receipts authorize specific deposits paychecks social security checks credited automatically account regular basis arrange recurring bills insurance premiums utility bills paid automatically employers eft deposit payroll checks directly banks designated employee eliminate need write large numbers payroll checks pay period service saves employee inconvenience trip bank deposit preauthorizing bank call bank financial institution instruct pay bills transfer funds accounts funds transferred automatically checking savings vice versa transaction monthly statement bank transfers let pay retail purchases eft debit card card similar credit card important exception money purchase immediately deducted bank account store account words amount purchase deducted customer checking account customer identity availability funds confirmed point sale pos terminals permit transfer amounts purchaser bank account store bank account check terminal connected telephone circuits bank computerized accounting data center customer makes purchase store store clerk cash register operator inserts customer bank issued debit card store terminal
joanne nelson applied position beacon industries end secretarial training program took extensive series tests english mechanics typewriting machine transcription tests checked personnel director told scores spelling grammar punctuation superior offered position word processor joanne expected secretary principal felt word processing centers term describe typing pools wanted closer association management position offered personnel manager presented arguments secretarial automated opportunities advancement lie organizational pattern opportunity executives opportunities advancement personnel manager pointed flexibility acceptance equipment methods important qualifications today employee joanne asked think offer promised report decision days later factors personal related modern business practices joanne consider proceed reach decision think decision karl tremont supervisor word processing center experience supervision chosen interest machine capabilities equipment facility english grammar things going decided director administrative services morton pope lay problems table ask help pope asked difficulty replied
english language changing adaptations advances technology science business aspects complex society live study multifaceted language fascinating challenging part text help secretary reference guide sections devoted english usage punctuation handbooks dictionaries report usage levels definitive authorities guide purport final authority reports current acceptable business usages usage reported guide opinion divided dictionaries handbooks agree secretary presume reference book stands supreme authority usage selection form form consistently formal english found reports important letters papers publication colloquial english part customary business letters term designated colloquial dictionary means occurs english conversation educated level business correspondence direct point economy words save times writer reader frequently purpose business letter obtain favorable result create friendly reaction purposes served informal conversational english colloquial english times desirable business writing industry science provide meanings commonplace terms adapt colorful specific meanings power engine systems mention
secretary fill find reference sources indispensable helping fulfill administrative support responsibilities dictionary secretarial handbook telephone directory want sources readily station perform secretarial functions dictionary secretarial reference source find dictionary invaluable tool verifying spelling syllabication proper usage words addition dictionaries comprehensive definitions english language terms meanings foreign terms commonly abbreviations biographical geographical names essential information dictionary find helpful information words provided dictionary properly dictionary especially study pages beginning learn dictionary able dictionary effectively guide determining definitions correct spelling pronunciation lists synonyms antonyms commonly abbreviations foreign words phrases secretary date desk size dictionary desk desk size dictionary paperback pocket size dictionary desk size dictionaries considered secretarial handbook secretarial compact completely indexed reference handbook cover topics proper grammar plural possessive forms punctuation rules correct writing numerals reports letters guide handbook help deciding place dateline attention line business letter put apostrophe letter boss workload capitalize geographic locations west coast western kentucky
fact sociology seriously including academia easier deal doubts infiltrated ranks sociologists hanging gatherings discipline fail detect doubts covert dissatisfaction fate sociologist doubt crippling doubts outsiders place deal economic political context contemporary sociology place discipline precious pecking order academic ghetto topic present considerations proper understanding discipline earlier confidence expectations sociologists misguided current demoralization reason believing sociology continue valid important approach reality human collective need clarity sociology inherent qualities sociology sober acknowledgement reality cutting illusions including quality called today hope future sociology beginnings peculiar discipline discovered object methods studying sociology originally approach study society part parcel discovery phenomenon society dates beginnings sociology auguste comte invented discipline appropriately mixing latin greek inelegant neologism sure offend humanistic sensibility statement qualification phenomenon society perceived analyzed comte
today weber lifetime process rationalization weber correctly perceived innermost force modernity developing vigorously truly global phenomenon weber foresaw live powerful countermovements put differently parts definitely western europe north america observe today dialectic modernization countermodernization put weberian terms continues widespread disenchantment powerful movements re enchantment religious cultural political split private mega institutions public realm deeper concomitantly sense alienation groups sociology social sciences avoid caught developments sociologists caught sides modernization countermodernization divide mere scientists needless say modernizers heart positivism spirit enlightenment implies modernizing attitude noteworthy precisely individuals understanding sociology vulnerable conversions faith conception science help discriminating creeds critical faculties collapse suddenly totally existential troubles reach degree intensity sociologists allied beginning attempts re typically terms counterculture movement reputation sociologists invested totally fate movements attempts involve prophecy messianism terms private political programs
successful situation anthropologist means remaining incomprehending outsider going native real sense plural person extent point especially modern pluralistic society qualitative jump inside situation activity social scientific interpreter ensures maintain tenuous balance anthropological field researcher trained achieve curious trick variety techniques instance practice keeping continuous field notes obvious instrumental utility ritual maintaining insider outsider status details concern point sociologist society resembles anthropologist status despite fact easier maintain home jungle say alienness automatically anthropologist artificially constructed sociologist perils inattention familiar avoided put differently anthropologist problem going native sociologist strive alien put differently act sociological interpretation introduces artificial distance strangeness interpreter interpreted increasingly course anthropologists study exotic cultures sociologists undertaken share studies degree methodological differences disciplines diminished point matter interpreting alien society distinct cognitive goals simply want present society exhibition ethnographic museum
frame reference sociology precise boundaries ways relativity social transcended transcendence ad hoc pro tem sociology magical escape historicity social forms meanings embodied sociologist escape relativities location space part parcel sociologist enterprise comparison sociologist compares societies meaning systems ipso facto assumes plane comparison assumption part relevance structure sociology implication human societies meaning systems things common implication constitutes transcendence radical relativism adopted impossible compare put differently compare apples oranges perceived species fruit case sociology plane comparison universalities human configurations action prefers plane human condition soon employs phrase implies transcendence relativity implies human commonality reappear despite bewildering variety social constructions point sociology borders philosophical anthropology phenomenological analysis emphasized plane condition humaine abstract transcends space express historically concrete meaning systems relativity transcends relativity place concrete human experience
sociology say muslim affirm muslim creed matter decision based theoretical experiential grounds religious experience core condition muslim strictly speaking immune sociological analysis story religious experience takes place social context hermit carries internalized social context social context course means immune sociological interpretation social context plausibility structure human meanings isolate pure essence religious experience independent social context hypothesize muhammad original experience revelation constituted startling novum religious history leap eric term understood development preceded reckon fact muhammad account revelation arabic language implications fact precisely terms social context muhammad experience vast conscientious sociologist religion understands character interpretation weberian terms explore social context early islam attempt sources allow phenomenological description religious experience propelled means understand meaning muhammad disciples actions limited sense theology weber theology analysis instance calvinism
general formula developments totalistic conception science totalitarian social engineering positivism marxism despite differences formula common case positivism freedom tends disappear rationality understood illusion freedom means live rational manner rearrange society accordance rational principles case marxism freedom eschatological hope leap freedom revolution attainment true communism meantime freedom makes sense step ultimate culmination practical consequences position remarkably similar surprising marxist notions rationality synthesized ingenious manner official ideology soviet regime synthesis mind synthesis violence intentions marx empirical canons science vested interests modern society vested interests actual aspiring ruling classes makes sociopolitical science plausible problem maintain freedom ordinary dictatorial ambitions cognitive elites scientific social workers scientific revolutionaries foremost political problems modern societies future democracy depends solution problem problem intellectual roots suggested pretensions putative elites criticized intellectual level view scientific method specifically method sciences dealing human reality proposed direct political implications
twentieth century human beings live age communication important history development weaponry capable destroying expansion population emergence nations exploration space energy crisis accelerating advances science technology beset welter political social economic problems advent television view instantaneously events occurring halfway earth result happens place known affects entire problems twentieth century solved development mutual understanding based effective communication development skill communication speech demands awareness environment speaking functions speech occurs vacuum speech shaped situation distinctive nature speech act restrictions society delivered speaker recognition ethical responsibilities communicator chapter discusses legal ethical framework speech occurs democratic society speech achieves greatest importance conduct human affairs societies placing fewest restraints speaker say politically states encouraging widest expression opinion issues relying judgment informed electorate policies produce effective public discussion freedom expression restricted speech tends mouthing government approved doctrine dogma totalitarian speech deteriorates mere propaganda party system real exchange ideas occurs lack competition conflicting ideologies prevents inventing instituting needed reforms
important speaker ethical responsibilities informed subject constitution deny free speech matter ignorant ill informed excuse speaker misleading public simply laziness irresponsibility democratic process flourish intelligent decisions imperative decisions based information searching analysis mislead public ignorance reprehensible operate automobile knowing drive practice surgery medical background informed speaker examine sides question honestly impartially utilize information weigh reliability sources knowledge test validity reasoning speaker look future attempt foresee consequences action proposed speaker completed rigorous extensive preparation ethically audience speaker ethical obligation present facts conclusions based public confidence spoken word maintained audiences believe speaker telling truth distorting facts suppressing vital information confusion unrest result public feels misled term credibility gap past describe feeling part americans told truth leaders
person understanding meaning words determined experiences speaker order achieve desired response cognizant background receiver adapt field experience age sex education religion nationality cultural ethnic background occupation financial status social acceptance influence receiver understanding speaker language message reader open textbook books page find variety visible cues aid understanding writer message capitalization punctuation marks assist comprehending meanings individual sentences indentations show divisions paragraphs italics boldface type emphasize important ideas headings subheadings distributed text assist determining writer pattern organization common writing devices familiar aware inestimable writer lacking visual cues speaker employ means indicating meaning organization include inflection voice pauses rate loudness emphasis important words sentences gestures facial expression previews points transitional statements internal summaries visual aids reading vocabulary considerably larger listening vocabulary uncommon reader understand printed words pronunciation recognize spoken limited vocabulary listener speaker simpler language writer today accustomed speech conversational informal written discourse contractions writer avoid actually prove helpful speaker
authoritative misconception provided student gave speech graphoanalysis written critique speech instructor jotted question believe analyze person character personality handwriting class meeting student informed teacher believe graphoanalysis book supplied information speech stated based fact type thinking found politics aware public susceptibility high sounding titles special interest groups seek names inspire confidence groups decide call league christian mothers patriotic sons democracy government party society literature guardians decency god groups names imply opposed christian mothers patriotism democracy government decency course assurance organization represents worthy reality goals groups highly questionable subversive authoritative misconception easily lead type fallacious reasoning known begging question examples national champions ph field course impartial judge say says bottle scientifically tested place eat advertise home cooking effective named rely want ad appearing london newspaper effectively illustrates dangers misconception authority regarding language
charles james fox british debater speech reads speech entirely true suggest speech writing differences oral communication written composition require speakers give special attention language principal differences oral written communication deciphering written message reader visual aids help comprehend communicator message need examine pages book reading easier headings sizes kinds type dividing material paragraphs periods question marks exclamation points divide paragraphs sentences commas colons semicolons parentheses dashes sentences show relationships subordination qualification visual clues help listeners understand speech listener rely entirely speaker inflections pauses emphases rate order grasp meaning important difference kinds communication readers control pace receive message pause reread alter rate stop look unfamiliar terms review earlier passages sure understand writer ideas readers set pace writers develop material stylistically considerably complex involved abstract speaker speaking situation listener control rate message presented grasp speaker meaning instantly speaker language listeners comprehend immediately difference oral written communication found vocabularies speaker writer safely employ
auditors knowledge subject speaker finds present considerable background information limited speaker unable present material listeners understand topic speaker wishes explain tone scale composers audience knowledge music impossible amount allotted present information enable listener comprehend topic speaker choices abandon subject entirely settle lesser objective discussion limited explanation difference regular tone scale tone scale goal range goal help auditors understand contemporary composers tone scale goal course reached speaker associate opportunity address audience general topic future date determining goal speaker cognizance attitudes opinions biases listeners single public speech speaker rarely hope convert deep seated opposition hearted support point view especially true auditor influenced personal selfish interest outcome speaker position contradicts social customs mores firmly established beliefs situation speaker wish temporarily abandon hope acceptance entire program platform point view focus reducing hostility position gaining support limited portion proposal
speech situations limit suggested speaker asked talk twenty minutes half hour situations radio television broadcast debate professional meeting convention limits set rigidly enforced civic club rule member felt return business regular luncheon meeting free guest speakers warning exceeded allotted frequently embarrassed mass exodus radio television merciless enforcement limits limitations strictly enforced speaker owes choose topic covered limits suggested speaker owes audience matter courtesy adhere closely request limitations judgment tell speaker interest span audience limitless speech completed reasonable length contrary beliefs students short speech demanding speaker address talk speaker approach subject ways digress bit occasionally repeat material damage speech short talk speaker select wide range information ideas facts essential vital approach direct language clear concise choosing speech topic speaker recognize topics limited possibly expanded speech length requested
speaker broaden understanding subject interviewing special knowledge type interview familiar employees george gallup louis harris elmo roper political campaigns advertising firms frequently interviews test market products market analyses provide information helps companies determine desired image product methods creating image forms interviews unlike type speaker collect information general principles interviewing apply hard fast rules interviewing set general practices considered planning interview arrangements advance person interviewed prior arrangements express respect person interviewed save interviewer proper setting selected interviewer attempts obtain information significant person pressed television viewers observed reporters trying extract information prominent officials automobile entrance building comments official circumstances interviewer question outline prepared advance interviewer waste interviewee sending outline interview questions interviewee prior meeting wise interviewee informed outline serve guide outline flexible give direction interview advantage interviewing full information obtained subject additional questions based interviewer responses
speaker adhere consistent method division speeches convince persuade want give thought strength persuasiveness arguments developing plan organization strongest argument presented argument noticeably weaker introduced experimental studies questions produced conflicting conclusions speaker wholly ignore considerations carefully analyzing mood background audience knowledge topic attitudes stated position speaker gain insights assist determining effective order presenting contentions factor speaker consider organizing body address pattern organization balanced term balance refers amount development accorded main division parts speech balanced amount devoted roughly equal highly disproportionate speaker main divisions devotes percent discussion point percent percent division regarded unusually balanced speaker spends percent point percent percent speech nicely balanced division percent discussion devoted point percent percent lacks balance arrangement percent discussion dealt point percent divisions
classroom shop business firm laboratory office consulting room communication information daily activity specialized fields medicine law communicating information simple understandable language important part practioner job study conducted ago showed main reason patients fail follow doctor advice simply don understand field law according charles bunn lawyer consists obtaining conveying information mean information law professor bunn emphasizes mean information client problems facts connected lawyer seldom law regardless vocation level education person needs able present simple everyday information clearly understandably journalist james reston explains importance ability saying think convince group children things absolutely fundamental leave school matter re going re going garage fix car going medicine law higher education simply learn arts accurate observation accurate speech able explain understand higher ladder goes educational scale course important main speech communicate information recent information explosion function important scientific technological breakthrough century expansion knowledge rapid experts find difficult abreast fields
book rules radicals saul alinsky stresses difference listener react generalizations specific personal information understand terms experience classic failure communicate attempt campus activists poor bankruptcy prevailing values word job split level ranch house suburbs color tv cars money bank won bring happiness response exception yeah let judge let communication general basis carries limited meaning difference informed death quarter million statistic death close friends loved members family trying explain personal relationship means told audiences chairman meeting opened saying shocked sorry report notified alinsky killed plane crash lecture canceled reaction gee bad wonder let going evening suppose finishing lecture let assume disagreed don face sound voice manner clothes don period let assume lecture week informed sudden death
studying topic speaker critically evaluate sources source unreliable speaker reason place faith says questions asked source clearly identified reliable unbiased honest recent corroborated sources identifying sources speaker ask responsible publication broadcast author publisher sponsor speaker waste knows prepared authorized judging trustworthy authors publishers sponsors speaker investigate individuals groups pressure groups special interests create foundations research institutes front organizations respectable names order issue publications designed influence public opinion responsible organization greater need conceal true identity failure investigate sources lead public embarrassment administrator environmental protection agency epa learned mentioned speech findings federally aided experiment california speech epa flooded requests information study agency belatedly discovered administrator misunderstood conversation colleague study existed established responsible speaker ask source reliable reputation integrity aim accuracy sensationalism interested education propaganda staff adequate size experience undertake type study investigation purports present
pronunciation earlier knowing word includes knowledge sounds word voiced remain silent sound pronounced syllables accented regional variations pronunciation acceptable unlike articulation error occurs carelessness inability say word properly mistake pronunciation result lack knowledge accepted saying word occasionally speaker correct pronunciation continue mispronounce words habit speakers mispronounce words word unfamiliar resembles word familiar frequently heard mispronounced speaker word predacious times reading acquaintd meaning speaker heard spoken pronounce word incorrectly speaker mispronounce word relevant revelant resembles revelry reverent speaker regularly heard italian pronounced eyetalian adopt incorrect pronunciation seeking accepted pronuncation word speakers recourse date standard dictionary totally unfamiliar word dictionary provide guide sounds silent vowels pronounced syllables stressed dictionary reveal accepted regional variations dictionaries acceptable general american pronunciation dictionaries include approved regional variations help speakers regions country pronounce sound ways
word effectively defined comparing contrasting item method explaining technical concepts audience familiarity nobel laureate george beadle skillful comparisons clarify principles genetics lay audiences illustrates method definition comparing concept genetics familiar dr beadle able discuss highly technical scientific ideas listeners knowledge subject illustrate evolution natural selection told housewife angel food cake asked recipe occasion wrote listed thirteen egg whites twelve egg whites cook copy recipe cake light delicate recipe angel food cake members ladies guild requested twelve egg cake extinct thirteen egg cake survived original cook mistake copying recipe mutation subsequent replacement twelve egg cake thirteen egg cake perfect evolution natural selection saturday review april pp approach effectively scientific technological disciplines historian daniel boorstin term event describe event induced possibility media coverage contrast method definition event follows politician visit dairy farm event fire real event television cameras don show fire burn anyway politician likely visit
speakers listener attitudes beliefs trying win antagonistic skeptical listener speakers careful choice language hearer agreed language speaker talking highly religious individual group differ employed pious auditors listeners male female young conservative liberal similar background race nationality affect speaker choice words regardless listeners speaker language taste words refer ethnic groups contemptuous disparaging manner avoided words irritate members groups alienate regard language bigoted intolerant speaker refrain terms kike kraut frog spic limey wop dago chink jap polack yid nigger coon spook jigaboo redneck honky whitey white trash words disparaging groups frat boys jocks cops fuzz pigs head shrinkers pill pushers ambulance chasers pencil pushers holy rollers give offense capable speaker message resorting calling avoid words fink slob commie pinko queer pervert pansy fruit slut hick nut kook lush wino goon nigger lover uncle tom hophead shylock quack addition making fun personal handicaps stuttering palsy crossed eyes deafness blindness limp foreign regional accent generally considered bad taste speaker oral style adapted occasion
pressing needs teachers reading articulating definition reading recognizing instructional implications definition arrive definition teachers sort definitions reading formulated educators definition emphasizes aspects reading process examine definitions reading analyze aspects reading process emphasizes leonard bloomfield defines reading act turning letters alphabet speech sees reading primarily decoding process results production sounds specific combinations letters bloomfield clearly emphasizes decoding sound elements reading position popular question reading involves decoding bloomfield simply focuses aspect rationale definition young children language users grasp oral language production comprehension turn combinations written letters sound children ability oral comprehension skills important mastered reading skill learned decoding saying sounds combinations letters kenneth goodman defines reading process person reconstructs message encoded writer printed language goodman emphasizes meaning reading sees reading active language process highly dependent prediction goodman feels reading language process affected largely factors affect oral language systems syntax semantics phonology reading system phonology referred phonology symbol sound relationships
regular spelling patterns taught regular patterns introduced fine week lead irregularly spelled words taught sight words presented infrequently initial reading disturb pattern learning breaking code primary objective reading instruction initial attention developing comprehension skills priority late linguist leonard bloomfield interested field reading instruction motivated young son difficulty decoding early reading experience bloomfield began analyzing existing reading methods rejected major methods phonic word ideational methods rejected phonic method taught children pronounce isolated sounds basic patterns writing rejected word method treated english writing logographic system chinese word viewed unique picture real relationship similar words rejected ideational meaning method felt children struggle meaning broken code bloomfield viewed written english predictable system consists specific spelling patterns hypothesized knowledge patterns helps reader gain meaning print result rejection existing methods reading instruction bloomfield created reading program let read based spelling patterns creator linguist spelling pattern approach known linguistic method teaching reading linguists support method fries lefevre method assumes accepted linguistics
individualized methodology defines reading individual graphic conversation writer reader invests energy print understand intended message writer addition reader responses material result conversations questions asked answered information presented gained humor created responded emotions generated projected reading personal communication reader choose material read instruction reading provided needs interests reader mind children allowed choose material read learn pace consistent needs abilities motivation reading individual activity methodology rejects notion prepackaged reading material found traditional reading series proponents individualized methodology feel series reflect interests children fail motivate children interact converse print children develop reading ability taught skills demonstrate need allowing reading process develop effectively child think carefully concept individualized reading based personal interest rate motivation concept children individualized approaches learned read prior school read requested books interest amuse read started memorize individual words ask identification unknown words begun generalizations symbol sound relationships motivation read high learning need desire external imposition
role teacher comprehension twofold provide readers prior reading task conceptual framework comprehend print alert readers information comprehend information literally guiding mental files learning enrichment storage information teacher major facilitator comprehension teacher present information students comprehend teacher present information comprehension centered giving learners chance success psycholinguistic view comprehension relevant aspects learning applicable learning skills learning vocabulary content basis approach learning proceed known known links obvious teachers aware traditional basal reading series begin teaching skills vocabulary content level conceptually relevant familiar noninductive learners selection houghton mifflin reading series fourth grade book passport conceptual difficulty basal readers annie story annie young indian girl trying cope grandmother approaching death story excellently written conceptually difficult elements setting reservation annie family live hogan aspects indian culture environment family relationships food language educational patterns subtly interwoven text fourth grade children familiar concepts comprehension story
benjamin moment moved singly met cornfields woods walked fog shut harriet mist fog hung land chesapeake bay brothers uneasy couldn ahead feet stars help tell directions light rain began fall fell holes swamp edge walked small bushes briers tore clothes terrified night noises pleaded harriet turn stumbled fell argued fast pace set direction harriet moved guided unknown force hear pleading whining finally stopped short rest brothers declared decided turn benjamin re going home dogs find hour morning walked harriet risk harriet shook head want liberty alive don intend give easily later fight freedom strength lasts brothers hugged turned william henry face wet tears harriet waited hoping brothers change minds return fog swallowed started fog lifted soon bright north star shining help
hot strong breeze begun blow sea suddenly hillside shook wave rolling slowly house crackled rocked gently moment earthquake thought hamaguchi worst hamaguchi frightened felt earth quake looked anxiously village suddenly rose feet looked sea sea dark strange say running land soon village noticed water rolling hurried beach seen thing moment hillside hamaguchi stood looked called tada quick quick light torch tada ran house picked pine torches stood ready stormy nights lighted ran grandfather grabbed torch hurried rice fields tada ran wondering going reached row rice stacks hamaguchi ran row touching torch passed rice dry fire caught quickly seabreeze blowing stronger drove flames ahead row row stacks caught fire soon flames smoke towered sky tada ran grandfather crying grandfather grandfather mad burning rice food wealth
sight vocabulary consists words student recognizes instantly sight basic types sight vocabulary structure words content words structure words small words high frequency words hold language low imagery structure words difficult words children learn lack concrete meaning content words strong meaning high imagery table mother car run elephant book words significantly easier learn structure words unfortunate instructional practice overemphasize structure words early kindergarten underemphasize content words forcing children process difficult words important teachers help children develop strong sight vocabulary basal series provide opportunities learning sight words select words present difficult words give children insufficient practice principles guide sight word instruction sight word instruction violate children learning rates children average slow learning rates expected learn vocabulary items instructional period maximum approached exceeded balance words easy learn difficult learn factors words difficult easy learn generally structure words difficult learn content words generally low imagery words difficult learn strong image generally words sounds inconsistent letters lean difficult learn words sounds consistent letters hat stop plan pin
meaning clues clues semantic component language help readers anticipate expect words meet reading clues vital efficient reading failure meaning clues reading invariably leads overdependence sight word phonic clues result slow fragmented nonfluent word calling faulty comprehension meaning clues taught emphasized phases reading instruction beginning readiness phase important types meaning clues anticipatory clues context clues picture clues help children language assist reading topic heading title generate children set words ideas experiences closely related concept presented selection process expecting words ideas specific topic called anticipation anticipatory clues topics heading titles events pictures readers expect meaning print children read story entitled trip zoo anticipate words animals cage lion tiger monkey zookeeper strategy anticipation clearly observed reactions readers print teacher instructs readers direct attention title pictures children hands begin invariably want share experiences related topic demonstrates title pictures triggered anticipation prediction summoned prior experiences relevant anticipated information prior information extremely important comprehension seen poor readers hand react differently title pictures selection reaction
controversy surrounds issue phonic instruction decade growing trend divide field reading instruction seemingly dichotomous camps pro phonic instruction phonic instruction pro phonic camp support position arguments meaning print locked letter letter combination code unlock meaning children learn break code learning symbol sound relationships automatic level fact relationship decoding meaning identified research automatic decoding facilitate comprehension laberge samuels perfetti lesgold analysis english spelling patterns identifies phonic rules account ways letters letter combinations pronounced researchers succeeded identifying significant letters letter combinations english formulating rules govern relationships letters letter combinations sounds berdiansky cronnell koehler venezky instruction rules govern spelling patterns expected result ability decode unknown words rules exceptions children need taught exceptions phonic rules children learn phonic rules exceptions able apply rules decoding unknown words move quickly independence reading early emphasis phonic instruction results early acquisition success reading fair amount research evidence support claim classic book learning read debate chall reviewed sixty experimental studies compared programs emphasized meaning code
diagnosis presented pronged concept includes formal informal assessment formal diagnosis refers administration standardized diagnostic tests focus specific reading skills yield scores assessing students performance skills informal diagnosis refers continuous teacher directed analysis reading behavior based observation students actual reading performance specific tasks related reading skills distinction seen figure term diagnosis closely linked teachers minds formal diagnostic testing teachers speak diagnosis refer process sending children school psychologist chapter teacher special education teacher standardized diagnostic test battery tests results tests interpreted classroom teacher recommendations regarding instructional treatment placement remedial programs standardized diagnostic tests form diagnosis complete diagnostic process tests widely united states confusion information provide position standardized diagnostic tests fulfill important functions adequate pinpointing specific problems faced children solving problems standardized diagnostic reading tests constructed assess strengths weaknesses skills provide detailed analysis children skills addition standardized diagnostic tests compare individuals taking test norm group determine norm test authors administer sample group children represents total group test intended
term refers children developed general reading skills experience marked difficulty specific skills children average word recognition word analysis skills grade placement noticeably weak comprehension skills require intensive intervention programs disabled reader deficiencies need identified systematically remediated teacher children demonstrate poor reading skills slow learning rates limited intellectual capacity results reading level grade placement require significantly practice reteaching children chronological age regardless category children reading problems fall fact clear require ongoing diagnosis thoughtful effective remediation teachers urged place emphasis fitting children categories child making progress reading reason important response categorize label child modify instruction immediately establish maintain progress single important characteristic effective reading program ability promote progress children matters child performs onset reading instruction matters session session child slightly proficient learning read learning read complex process factors contribute success similarly failure reading result contributing factors factors discussed chapter contributing reading readiness relevant discussion reading difficulties
factors environment children contribute reading failure factors socioeconomic background high mobility parents attitude children live economically deprived environments fail reading homes adequate financial resources provide material books reading games magazines experiences visits library zoo museums experiences heighten children interest reading provide needed exposure experiences valued schools economically disadvantaged children enter school possess experiences knowledge vital reading readiness families change residences frequently children families adjust locations peers teachers reading texts instructional strategies children quick adjust fast learning rates find learning read manageable high mobility negatively affect reading performance children adjust slowly moderate slow learning rates experience difficulty learning read high mobility contributing factor reading failure attitudes parents affect children learning parents learning reading chances encourage motivate children children read home provided books reading material school valued experiences encouraged learn reading motivated learn likewise parents overanxious children academic achievements constantly pressure excel school foster negative responses children underachieve fail reading emotional factors affect children reading performance
teachers strategies motivate children read strategies simple institute easily integrated instructional format strategies fall categories working home environment improving school environment teachers affect children motivation reading creating open healthy communication home school children learn read efforts school reinforced home true children essential children experiencing difficulty learning read teachers criticize parents involved children education parents accept responsibility children learning parents respond simply specifically children understand extent involved school realize importance involvement parents involved teachers instituted frequent specific communication school home communication add significantly motivation children feel learning reading cooperative attitude parents teachers reinforces children positive attitude reading strategies teachers communicate home specific suggestions teachers give parents help children read start school send home reading child sheet parents general ideas reading children sheet include suggestions read child ten minutes provide quiet free tv radio read child
add variety instructional sessions difficult children motivated reading teaching sessions lack variety interest interaction pacing reading instruction teachers variety strategies introduce develop assess follow reading material text stressed importance matching strategies demands material students needs lessons allowed slow paced boring totally predictable teachers effort involve children material questioning strategies involve children writing process give opportunities read peers written important children gain exposure writing writing effective aid reading children involved creating written material begin develop personal investment print significantly able read print teachers frequently help children write material creations typed clearly written illustrated children bound added permanent book collection classroom library teachers involve children variety writing experiences writing texts wordless storybooks wordless storybooks provide children pictures illustrate plot looking pictures discussing discovering plot children tell story words literally creating text pictures teacher task generate discussion write material children fine young children involved writing structure create form writing started early kindergarten
undoubtedly remembered decade computers routine part society school environment computers instructional purposes start presence visible early computers hold tremendous promise providing significant instruction motivation levels learning children computers major impact education writers predict primary instructional tools vast majority classrooms brandt dammeyer melmed soon imperative teachers working knowledge computers field reading instruction potential computers limited knowledge creativity individuals according literature computers education broad categories computer applications reading computer assisted instruction cai computer managed instruction cmi computer assisted instruction process learners interact directly computer perform lessons displayed screen lessons include drill practice exercises reading skills letter identification sight word practice vocabulary phonics word sentence paragraph comprehension syllabication cai includes tutorial programs designed remedial readers games extensions practice reinforcement students interact computers perform specific lessons incorrect responses identified opportunities correct errors programs provide additional activities level errors children demonstrate mastery level programs provide number chances correction child response incorrect program provide student correct response
counting book high quality art expected kinds literature children numeral prominent place page shapes forms represent concept numeral balanced spaced page avoid clutter confusion concept books designed help young children develop ability generalize conceptualize abstract ideas size shape speed weight presented graphic artistic form teachers find read concept books aloud small groups individual children explain clarify concept books chosen care coincide maturity level children machines personified refers books machines inanimate objects endowed human qualities author illustrator stories inspirational nature plot built staggering overwhelming task accomplished machine success realized happy ending leaves reader listener sense deep satisfaction animal stories preferred youngest children talking beast tale variety stories beasts human animal play laugh cry foolish mistakes perform acts kindness wisdom children rank top stories prefer read james moffett explains animal story billy goats gruff satisfies young child desire novelty excitement organizes experience reassuring resolving ways ogre tries eat crosses bridge graze pleasant slopes
reading aloud teacher routine part daily classroom schedule children able look forward enjoyable experience literature approximately give reading aloud rightful place curriculum teacher lesson plans period reading aloud book read planned follow activities interest inventories daily observation determine kinds books preferred children supplementing information recommended lists grade level teacher greatly reduces risk selecting wrong book reading aloud generally nursery kindergarten grade children prefer picture books completed sitting reserve continued stories upper primary children find reading aloud book simply bores children sure aware experience disappointment reading aloud premium part spent trite inane books fine book children appeals adults rehearsal serves smooth difficult tongue twisting language book acquaints reader story concepts advance familiarity story helps teacher able turn book eye contact children eye contact course key ingredient holding attention young listeners area set gathering children intimate story circle precisely semi circle
jacket colorful paper cover folds book serves eye appeal prospective reader protection book flaps parts jacket fold inside front covers book front flap summary book contents children calling summary proper blurb flap essential information author illustrator called continuation blurb publishers boys girls pore picture favorite author illustrator undoubtedly flap contained photographs book cover outsdie covering book composed heavy cardboard covered paper cloth similar covers easily constructed child books covering cardboard contact paper end papers papers pasted front book cover rough edges binding end papers decorated offer glimpse contents book blueberries sal robert mccloskey end papers show sal helping mother blueberries winter illustration authentic representation kitchen boyhood home maine cultural content young child picture possess title page printed page book carries author illustrator publisher title page important children understanding special role creation book
dramatization educational procedure unsurpassed means helping children interpret understand literature dramatization defined play making jointly planned executed children teacher written script involved lines memorized properties costumes required spite lack structure young children roles seriously imitate characters act scenes freedom imagination rival greatest professional actors scholars fields anthropology psychology tell imitation primal paintings sculpture music dance drama literature handed past testify innate urge imitate imitated animals plants natural phenomena imitation attempted understand sought understand purpose teachers recognize young children need act fantasies wholesome ways opportunities provided rudolph cohen explain importance fantasizing children able imitate act moment believe real quality children pretend wide range behavior wish play reality pretend glib powerful authoritative children power pretend angry tigers growling dogs fierce lions reality gentle mannered boys girls
box puppets taping small deep boxes openings boxes facing puppeteer face painted bottom boxes mouth divided upper half mouth goes box lower half puppeteer fingers upper box thumb lower box puppet mouth open close thumb fingers brought puppets oranges apples pears potatoes carrots turnips impaling fruit vegetable stick children need help step features puppet thumb tacks brads push pins gold stars paper reinforcements body fruit vegetable puppet inserting stick small hole center handkerchief cover puppeteer hand fruit vegetable puppets course perishable days cylinder puppet inch section cut paper towel tube hair eyes ears nose mouth clothing cut felt colored paper glued place cylinder puppet move puppeteer index fingers inside cylinder bent forward easiest puppets construct operate stick puppets pictures animals machines furniture toys cut magazines shapes glued thin cardboard cut stiffened shape taped stick plastice drinking straw puppeteer grasps stick moves puppet screen
readers theatre ancient practice interpreting piece literature means oral reading individuals reading dialogue characters called group reading roy beck writes reader reads parts merely suggests character vocally characterize actor oral interpretation emphasis literature readers communicate audience literature hard fast rules readers theatre experimentation attractions distinguishing features performance carried benefit stage properties costumes lighting traditional theatre acoutrements bare minimum emphasis literature ordinarily think readers theatre performance adults adults group reading older students peers case fun oral interpretation need reserved grownups matter fact readers theatre highly successful creative art form young children learned read staging readers theatre performance primary classroom teacher likely candidate role narrator narrator bridges space readers listeners simplifies descriptive passages generally sets mood reading children read sit stand audience holding manuscripts natural relaxed fashion reading similar relaxed manner naturally undue dramatization reader attempts character merely implies character
inspiring teacher key creative writing teacher responsibility maintain relaxed accepting environment provide ideas topics writing give needed help composition wise finished products teacher encouraging squelches urge write disapproving teacher harshly critical word crucial moment child overly cautious creative future attempts understanding teacher realizes young writer ideas fragile vulnerable respects maintaining environment creativity flourish giving children opportunities expression vital creative writing practices sole answer creative writing systematically routinely taught petty bowen give convincing argument creative writing taught creative arts say taught creative arts taught true painters musicians dancers innately talented received teaching majority persons engaged arts professionally simply enjoyment received instruction taught teachers successful teaching creative writing characteristics common sensitive students needs interests tolerant students awkwardness generous appraisal efforts genuinely appreciate respect language children straightforward frankness
art young children viewed means expression mode communication perfect corollary literature happy experiences artistic written children books young children grow feel beauty color important lives books present sources information inspiration aesthetic satisfaction creative art literature experiences occur classroom boys girls moved story told read art materials space allowed experimentation materials hand true creativity seldom expressed story en masse assignment crayons nice picture favorite part teachers young children agree keys successful art program preschool primary children selection art activities freedom expression increasing facility maturity art materials children profit planned art activities initiated supervised teacher freedom choice expression need thwarted books natural springboard planned activities pages presented art activities proven successful young children suggestions books suited introduce accompany culminate art projects overemphasized children ready structured art activity children encouraged pursue individual interests choose part directed art activities murals wall paintings prehistoric scratched pictures outline rock walls cave
gluing yarn heavy string pieces fabric colored paper textured paintings children creative response literature paintings beautiful completed look remarkably stitchery basic outline book character lightly drawn chalk burlap felt colored paper white paper yarn dark color white liquid glue plastic squeeze bottle thin stream glue dribbled chalk line length yarn string carefully wet glue allowed dry background features added yarn paintings crayons colored chalk construction paper characters drawn simple basic shapes details subjects yarn paintings characters swimmy crictor georgie frederick artists found children books fertile field talents children severe critics sure eye banality receptive appreciative completely honest appraisal audience perception bound stimulate illustrator effort excellence today children unparalleled selection artistic written books choose books entertaining beautiful look offer endless array art media processes child consideration home classroom owns modest collection fine picture books veritable art gallery disposal unfortunately increased facility printing art reproduction techniques outpouring valueless books children marketed
face discouragement parents big brother small boy plants carrot seed won won tell sprinkles ground water sure excellent book young children shows incurable optimists wash ten carrots remove outer surface vegetable parer place carrots chopping board slice teacher activity run inches water sauce pan add teaspoon salt place pan high heat bring boil add carrot slices cover lid lower heat cook fifteen minutes tender pierce fork test tenderness drain empty carrots bowl dot plenty butter salt taste serve warm read carrot seed children give chance express ideas story paperback edition book let children put pages sequential order chalk ledge help retell story move concrete abstract showing real carrot model carrot picture carrot finally word carrot field trip grocery store buy carrots talk grocer ask leave tops look vegetables store find children recognize encourage children express feelings boy waits waits seed let describe feelings ending story hauls carrot home wheelbarrow listen record carrot seed
picture book named runner coveted caldecott award lovely ethereal illustrations perfect complement book nonsense silly talk young listeners language patterns delightful children love repeat refrain re talking silly talk recognize nonsense similar silly talk say nonsense rain makes applesauce balanced realism palatable children hidden lower hand corner nonsense drawing small segment true story applesauce sequence begins planting apple tree ends making eating applesauce excellent book reading aloud rereading times wash apples cut quarters cutting board show children cut cutting closely supervised allow children carefully remove cores put apples sugar saucepan add cup water cover lid cook slowly minutes tender stir occasionally cool press colander drops red coloring added rosy red applesauce serve graham crackers snack note peel apples comparison purposes hand pictures apples wax plastic models real apples include yellow list adjectives children describing pictures models real apples read words list children write word apple chart paper children cut apples seed catalogues paste chart
rabbit helps girl decide gift mother birthday basket fruit perfect solution gift child appreciate mother happy receive trial error process suitable gifts considered abandoned behavior common face problem selecting gift important person ensuing dialogue child humorous extremely rabbit lovely present called book color charlotte zolotow vividly describes primary colors secondary maurice sendak illustrated book soft bluegreen colors springtime beautiful books wears wash apples pears cut bite sized pieces large mixing bowl slice bananas fruit mixture add grapes washed stemmed toss fruit lightly spoon small paper cups top tablespoon whipped topping according age children salad eaten fork spoon note need peel apples pears recipe peels nutritious colorful delay serving cut fruit sprinkle lemon juice avoid discoloration story read rabbit lovely present children days succession lead discussion story characters illustrations prepare display books illustrated maurice sendak vocabulary experience ask children compare piece artificial fruit real lists adjectives
child reaches school age attitude aptitude reading formulated fortunate flourish thrive atmosphere language songs rhymes conversations stories books daily fare chances success formal reading program child books brought pleasure information solace sees important part practically speaking child grown books knows hold book turn pages read left top bottom sense relationship text pictures able point small details illustrations repeat rhythmic refrain recognize sequential development story importantly child able reason deduct express thoughts fluent efficient manner essence ready read readiness enter school reading program eagerly confidently born heavy handed effort part parents mutual enjoyment reading material spontaneous informal experiences literature begun infancy continued early childhood child celebrates birthday introduced mother goose rhymes nursery rhythms songs mother father members family care soon child begins talk repeat sounds recognize sounds unintelligible practice distinct child playing sounds
takes understanding teacher assure parents influence everyday home experiences exert lives children greater parents longer experiences granted recognize powerful force shaping personality child daily activities companionship mother greatest teacher kindergartener bring stimulation child helped possibilities teachers begin look parents child important teachers parents begin light certainly justification wall separation existed home school young children need parents teachers supportive adults plan coordinate energies effort behalf suggestions offered ways parents teachers reinforce complement providing foundation language literature young children create home library child family enlarge collection grows adding books age level house wide shelves face colorful jackets showing children owning titles known read books separate books belonging older members family read aloud tell stories young children basis books carefully chosen storytime enjoyable members family mark book young children characteristics appealing older children adults
informal storytelling effective pleasurable enrich young child vocabulary building substantial body concepts tales handed generation generation family folklore word mouth quality ascribed stories turns legends tales fascinating children develop sense story oral tradition successful reading lasting interest literature depend largely sense story family collection antique christmas balls point departure series stories told boy balls hundred represented small piece family history bottle green glass ornament brought scotland hill country texas belonged child grandmother intrigued story ornament promptly labeled grandmother ball family unique body folktales opportunity carefully deliberately transmitted youngest members family eventually turn hand children oral informal storytelling sets stage formal literature recorded printed pages book provide parents book lists briefly review books types lists include titles authors publishers publication dates prices instruct parents ways interest inventory order determine child preferences reading material show informal method ascertaining approximate readability level book school professional library parents encourage books child development reading readiness children literature
team wins service players rotate position clockwise order bring server rear corner team hold rotation order ball served rapid rearrangements enable players move advantageous positions rearranging confusion court player move front court setter legal court player front line block net return ball net contact ball net players rotation order service ruling prevents players dominating game coeducational play hits girl reason points scored serving team point awarded rally successful servers receivers win rally servers eligible score points game completed team scores points playing elapsed tie calls additional play team succeeds gaining point advantage match consists game series sport volleyball suited today living played enjoyed ages opportunity acquire group skills injury free environment highly competitive action filled exercise pattern large muscle groups level competition activity regulated skill level players appropriately strenuous levels
rules governing play volleyball evolved steadily origination game early development rules varied considerably needs organizations promoted competition confusion resulted led major attempt universality united states shortly adoption international rules play competition anticipated international rules supercede volleyball court recently changed metric measurements playing surface meters meters wide ceiling clearance meters court bounded wide lines included playing area important place court minimum meters clearance court court divided lines width center line attack lines parallel center line distance meters attack lines wide included attack area marked service area meters wide rear corner court area meters deep marked left sides line wide begun end line court noted metric dimensions vary slightly courts laid feet inches special heavy duty net measuring meter wide meters wide square mesh tautly stretched corners court center line turnbuckles commonly tighten top rope wire cable net
serve extremely important retaining service team score points ball net player team able place serve accurately opponent court put opponents defensive serve closer winning game consideration serving aware body position server remain service area step boundary line area avoiding service faults prime importance remedy hitting ball net ceiling bounds purposeful practice thinking entire serve taking deep breath exhaling half relaxing executing movement seconds result serve accurately overhead serve serve majority leading players accurately delivered correctly float wobble putting opponent defensive quick adjustment receive ball receiver center illegal pass handed server stands facing net left foot slightly forward ball tossed hands prevent spinning height head forward shoulder arm brought wrist elbow cocked elbow leads extended player reaching fairly straight arm ball contacted solidly heel hand
volleyball identified popular participant sport america recognized statement includes levels play varieties conditions enjoyment limited skills players improve skills satisfaction derived game increases fold skill level increases attention fine points game necessity material presented thought beginners difficulty executing advanced movement skills effectively understand order ultimately part game critical skill learn court sense court sense ability place reacting opponent game position offensive defensive play players continually adjust positions play directly involved action ready unexpected actually calculating probability opponent follow predictable course action information develops play predicts options spiker defensive player moves position optimize chances fielding ball spiker hand develops ability read block advanced skill determine spiker hit crosscourt line block dink drop ball blockers ability decision marks advanced player development court sense speeded habit determining position play order effective
overloading result increasing resistance intensity rate duration selection overloading based elements skill progressive today yesterday steady improvement necessarily dramatic expected weeks months gains generally rapid trainee lower level capability training level improves rate change tend level recommendations resistance training based analysis general movements game situation selection type resistance dependent availability apparatus weights numbers persons working analysis jumping requirements game provide specificity concept types jumps volleyball purposes jumping techniques blocking spiking differ significantly biomechanical point view variation common jump full squat position heavy weights training full squat effectively increasing strength knee hip extensors concentrating development point range motion flexion knee volleyball player rarely position initiating jump intense resistance present approximately knee hip extension volleyball jumps begin isometric strength training techniques develop strength points range motion athlete squat position simulating preparation jump padded bar fixed height permit jumper exert maximal force intended direction jump
development strength endurance improved play developed attention paid basic concepts analysis players movements order establish major functional muscle groups functional muscle groups worked maximal levels subsequently overloaded progressively worked harder harder going identical ranges motion required play overloading accomplished increasing intensity exercise additional resistance kinds apparatus weights springs pulleys strength jumping developed jumping air squat position carrying weight shoulders waist jumper overload increasing weight carries increasing number times jumps decreasing jump number times important jump manner game type training important practice movement normal conditions arm action spiking duplicated wall pulley apparatus friction pulleys exergenie movement range motion resistance result increased strength endurance conditioning carried conscientious manner increasing resistance progressively period weeks important players limits strength continually strive harder training effect dramatic play improve result overloading applied increasing duration training program increasing rate players required
article ii constitution states executive power vested president simple president powers stop executive boundary veto power strong hand legislature appointive powers shape federal judiciary executive agencies immense quasijudicial influence nation constitutional role commander chief armed services head political party federal politician vice president course elected nation president multilevered apparatus creating pressure propaganda legislature judiciary short separation powers separation clean absolute branches equal strength weight significantly side presidency supreme court increasingly construed constitution favor presidency thinking solutions needs increasingly complex society congress granted authority chief executive including power prepare budget expansion presidency periodically accompanied complaints citizens believed executive branch overflowing mold built framers constitution complaint heard widely modern times administration president franklin roosevelt extraordinarly successful manipulating congress term blatant effort stack supreme court members agreed americans genuinely convinced roosevelt dictatorial designs office
contrast reagan preeminent president achieve determined domestic sure reagan things willpower going swept office majority votes georgia district columbia victory scope impress congress republican controlled senate thirty reagan burning enthusiasm turn saw socialistic drift country determining factor stubborn mule results disastrous results measures results reagan asked congress house representatives democrats nominally control conservative southern democrats nicknamed boll weevils virtually voted congress won biggest tax cut history billion spending social programs food stamps aid cities job training college loan guarantees cut generation federal spending protect environment sharply reduced simultaneously reagan gave pentagon largest peacetime budget end reagan achieved comprehensive reordering priorities franklin roosevelt deal dramatic display presidential enthusiasm grappling domestic problems president memorize observation famous sixteenth century political guru niccolo machiavelli opinion formed ruler intelligence based quality true president judged appointees
president reagan suffered result brand vacillation confusion pushed biggest tax cut history reagan confronted frightening drop government income congress asked largest tax increase history sought increase despite fact union address seek tax increases intention retreating basic program tax relief stand word months broken word wasn campaigning reagan vowed balance federal budget fiscal rolled federal budget soared incredible height result deficit billion times size deficit carter reagan disastrous economic program burdened nation heavy debts economic adviser david stockman warned bankruptcy unfazed reagan acted created problem addressed throng capitol steps wanted constitutional amendment mandating balanced federal budget reagan army earth stop idea coming architect unbalanced budget history provoked harshly cynical response editorial writers rank file americans york times october quoted jersey factory worker giving voting rest don trust politicians
let re opening premise presidents acting faulty false information launched united states dangerous degrading military adventures overseas whim consulting congress constitution says congress declare war prolonged military outings secrecy lies problem obviously demands creation legal apparatus president control suppose congress injured pride reason steps ago rein president certainly think experience presidential power run amok vietnam war prompted significant congressional reform unfortunately case hawks congress irritated johnson nixon military escapades seemingly endless variations decided check future presidents culminating ponderous deliberations congress passed war power resolution president sends troops overseas fight consent congress sixty days congress gain approval actions bring troops home loophole law president emergency troops overseas thirty days felt protect forces law gave president power send troops overseas emergency action total ninety days permission congress
reagan president announced plans spend trillion arms warriors defend country soviet union judged evil empire focus evil modern called americans join crusade russians religious fervor enjoined scripture lord jesus christ oppose sin evil trillion hundred billion dollars cost operate entire government military arm sixty century short reagan proposed lavishing military program eleven presidents spent country wars korean war start vietnam war fifty peacetime scattered observers considered reagan proposal horrifying bordering madness money pumped pentagon worst economic slump depression occur highest national deficit history domestic welfare programs cut radically enormous increase defense budget justified reagan argued russia spending percent gross national product arms spending percent didn tell public united states gross national product double soviet union reagan plan military buildup prompted opinion shapers including cabinet members secretaries defense dozens nation top bankers corporate chairmen lawyers university presidents republican democratic write open letter reagan
gao study published april showed major defense projects increased cost percent billion billion original estimates increases percent asked expand gao study estimating amount waste defense department contracts types deputy assistant defense secretary william responded difficulty concept waste abuse casual problem escalating prices hitting branch armed forces militaristic congressmen beginning worry able afford defense early congressman expressed fears wall street journal re pricing strategies wind army tank navy ship air force plane report conservative think tank heritage foundation concluded pentagon enamored enormously high priced sophisticated weapons communications gear marginally combat virtually disarming report pointed tank million apiece expensive army largely priced adequate tank inventory bomber costs million roughly percent war equivalent airplane wrote michael kilian arnold sawislak runs washington american taxpayer exhibited bulletproof glass smithsonian sky shoot inflation greed set defense head costlier arms clout supply
permanent standing committees approve legislation share adventure investigations select committees select committee aging chaired recently representative claude pepper energetic octogenarian committee force colleagues focus ills elderly recognize growing political strength select committees author legislation adroit hearings reports public relations techniques throw spotlight problems established rigid power structures congress latest created house select committee children youth families chaired representative george miller california democrat tried congress interested problem battered women event investigations handled permanent select committees fruitful source publicity members concentrate dark side waste corruption greed stupidity conspiracy appeals press readers member committee assignments largely determine degree power prestige publicity received career especially prized rich sources commodities seats house senate money committees finance appropriations ways means banking armed service committees committee assignments sought give members chance special interests win constituent votes assignments especially foreign relations armed service committees lend easily exploited junketeering members junket trip abroad excuse wanting study military cemeteries air bases corn production matter trip includes stopovers nightclubs tourist spots
inherently wonderful youth inherently awful age ancient fools congress weeded assurance replaced young whizbangs assurance wise wouldn replaced young asses senate improved quality tennessee replaced albert gore sixty william brock iii forty ran poorly disguised campaign gore nigger lover senate critically shortchanged illinois replaced paul douglas seventy genteel mediocre charles percy forty inevitable conclusion reached based age mentality congressional leadership representative claude pepper past eightieth birthday wearing hearing aid ear took control powerful house rules committee mind sharp forty olds chamber historically extremely detrimental results charged seniority system seniority system created imbalance regional power congress members safest states districts safest sense rarely receive opposition party election contests naturally chances rise top safest seats south late ninety congress half standing committees important chaired southerners overwhelmingly lopsided regional influence nation laws exception southerners chairing important committees house born reared lived major urban area
kind gutsy fellow congress produces spectacular crusades senate william proxmire wisconsin singlehandedly forced colleagues recognize waste corruption pentagon budget makes popular target reform pushed investigations members longer ignore going military spending senator sam ervin jr north carolina retired obstinate foes civil rights laws proved senate adamant defender civil liberties stood virtually southerners opposing pentagon program sending military agents spy left wing politicians left wing professors students senate considering expand witch hunting powers subversive activities control board ervin small town judge foothills north carolina stood eyebrows jumping judicial jowls shaking emphasis told senate vote yes hate thoughts black panthers hate thoughts weathermen faction students democratic society hate thoughts fascists hate thoughts totalitarians hate thoughts adopt violence policy freedom speech subject slight qualification love constitution willing stand floor senate fight think thoughts speak words hate
public emotional bureaucracy part federal government citizens tangible encounter daily bureaucracy job administer tasks assigned congress president nearly million civilian employees enormous clanking steaming machine lumbering bureaucracy mail social security checks food stamps passports protection untested drugs spoiled meat unfair prices college loans subsidies business legal aid bureaucrats thousand judgments affect lives americans bureaucracy million servicemen servicewomen housed fed armed maneuvered position relations nations difficult maintain international trade unpredictable avaricious critics bureaucracy ambivalent understandable respects magnificent achievement stalwart surprisingly efficient operation managed survive centuries tinkering members congress hyperactive presidents ways rube goldberg contraption takes thousand movements turn screw contradiction expressed senator patrick leahy vermont federal workers intelligent dedicated pay unfortunately put crazy quilt departments agencies commissions bureaus comprise federal government radically result intractable bureaucracy size power difficult control creations devised duties bureaucracy performs ways wasteful unnecessarily intrusive silly
special attention paid executive office existence reorganization achieved president franklin roosevelt president launched deal assortment hundreds programs tried fit easily established bureaucracy federal workers holdovers archconservative republican administrations preceded roosevelt feared programs left discretion established bureaucracy mangled set bureaucracy units committed liberal democratic administration creating bureaucracy bureaucracy resulted frankenstein monster bureaucracy grown enormous complex roosevelt hard finding needed activities order operate white house intelligently answer felt expand supervisory staff asked congress let congress suspicious ambitions gave permission create kingdom advisers lieutenants september roosevelt issued executive order nearly unnoticed nonetheless epoch making event history american institutions order created modern presidency seen president exact created executive office general title grouped president white house staff addition command lines domestic policy staff council economic advisers national security council office management budget omb omb nerve center president organized effort control bureaucracy influence threaten congress
shuttling industry government makes difficult line demarcation regulated regulators william tucker ruled favor cutbacks service penn central icc chairman later left commission vice president penn central clifford hardin left agriculture secretaryship vice chairman board ralson purina biggest agribusiness corporations country replaced earl butz stockholder director ralston purina agribusiness corporations international minerals chemicals corporation van camp company butz helped swing sale million worth grain russia disaster consumer taxpayers laid million subsidize deal resulting shortage wheat country paid estimated million extra price wheat products big grain exporters secretly tipped windfall profits million exporters shared bounty bunge continental corporations coincidentally top officials department agriculture clifford pulvermacher helped butz arrange wheat deal shortly continental vice president key usda official deal clarence palmby washington representative bunge james needham moved post commissioner securities exchange commission post chairman york stock exchange sec regulates nyse
declaration independence adam smith published wealth nations read formula free economy economy profit efforts compete customers produce goods quantities seen prices reach smith believed unfettered unregulated marketplace result universal opulence extends lowest ranks short preached economic democracy economic anarchy government role scheme guarantee rules competition allowed prevail adam smith impossible ideal political power book exercise special interests special interests tune song government ring cash register inevitable proved country wrote constitution wealth wanted government leave wanted government enable acquire wrote document stipulations protect private property guarantee debts sanctify contracts ensure circulation sound money set legal framework free enterprise economy sure government stand result beginning government interfered subsidized free enterprise ways shipbuilders largest colonial industries bonus independence acts nation congress imposed higher duties goods moved foreign ships
monetary controlling economy crude depends lower interest rates stimulate economy depends higher interest rates consequent unemployment depress economy economy major industrial nation united states complicated scope subtle parts regulated efficiency monetary policy clumsy swatting fly pound hammer power control flow money credit lies heart economic system power reach home improperly bring heavy unemployment runaway inflation power money supply crucial health nation constitution specifically put hands representatives congress article section constitution congress power coin money regulate thereof oddly congress permanently ducked responsibility seventy ago shed regulatory responsibilities worried series financial crises pointed need closer supervision national banking system congress passed federal reserve act established federal reserve system main machinery federal reserve board washington twelve district federal reserve banks fed supervises operations national banks banks controls nation money supply decides interest rates charged banks keeps eye bank management briefly manner federal reserve board juggles money credit supply banks lend invest cent required hold reserve
poor social security administration developed definitions poverty level incomes basis government official definition poverty formula worked determining cost minimally adequate diet multiplying social workers figure poor spend income food price increases forced poverty line upward government arbitrariness supposed pass omniscience decided minimum urban family earn sank poverty course ridiculously low estimate meant base subsistence figure movies newspapers medical dental care meat clothing government raised official poverty line family unrealistically low cut line poverty percent population person caught line whites percent blacks percent hispanics percent statistics hide true condition poor distinction poor person earning poor person earning problem raising dirt poor attacked notable success point crazy quilt assistance programs effort frustrated government obvious blindness constitutes poverty bureaucratic economists don meaning poverty meaning minimum wage things deal problem
geography seeks explain locational patterns explores spatial associations effect relationships determined distributional pattern phenomenon physical cultural geographers try develop accurate comprehensive logical answer questions periodically thousand history discipline misdirected passion precise uncomplicated answers resulted deterministic view exceedingly complex relationships physical cultural geographic phenomena environmental determinists claimed physical environment climate exerted controlling influence culture search effect detours oversimplification contemporary geographers stress complex nature cultural distribution patterns try avoid lure easy answers decision modification physical environment consider aspects cultural environment economic political technological environmental determinists failed test scientific laws predict happen circumstances environmental determinist asserted north american plains grain producing region based observations low precipitation plains cultivated cultural environment inventions farm machinery barbed wire deep drilling introduction hybrid drought adapted seed resulted land revolution physical environment change perceptively cultural environment nature geography seeks comprehend regions types worldwide distributional patterns commonly search explanation requires geographers search data wide range physical biological social sciences humanities
regional boundaries follow international boundaries subdivide country regions regions developed considered formal regions uniformity regions entirely terms political status states groups states physical economic cultural geographic characteristics homogenous uniformity similarity relative status absolute regions utilized subregions composed national political units essentially formal regions subregions identified larger political units brazil india canada conform necessarily provincial internal boundaries generally functional formal regions book organization emphasizes formal regions generalized level includes formal functional types regions subregion level sequence regions begins united states canada advanced geopolitically important cores major population core middle america transition area economically tied north american core south america regions bear strong historical cultural imprint core west europe region east europe cultural history orientation soviet superpower western europe orientation major geopolitical core soviet union east asian culture realm including non western fully mature industrial economy japan largest nation future superpower china densely populated contrasting asian culture realm south asia
refrigeration infancy canning producers highly perishable fresh fruits vegetables close markets order survive predicted von model figure earned acre beef producers cattle raisers drive cattle considerable distances market slaughtering market reducing perishability factor obviously conditions changed von altering details model basic premise remains true land rural urban areas reflects land values relative ability potential users compete attractive accessible locations food preservation technologies lessened importance close location fruit vegetable producers advantage remains vegetables fruit delivered fresh market command higher price sold bulk canning freezing borders megalopolis migrant labor circuit pickers move crop crop season season enterprising farmers suburban areas decreased reliance migrant farm labor increasingly regulated states advertising pick customers harvesting family outing high crops farmers urban fringes frequently pay high real estate taxes reflecting potential market land agricultural productivity suburban areas constitute large market young trees shrubs transplanting cut flowers flower bulbs horticultural specialties type market occurs growing metropolitan area megalopolis poultry important delmarva peninsula eastern connecticut eastern island
rapid growth cities guatemala city million inhabitants closely related plight landless laborers cities offer hope admittedly slender economic progress pioneering farm areas eastern provinces providing jobs recent arrivals skills agricultural major problem guatemala middle american neighbors guatemala plans diversify exports supplementing high quality coffees meat shrimp production continuing exploration oil continued emphasis light industries textiles pharmaceuticals processed foods balance trade central american common market cacm partners highly favorable successful export light industrial products success created stresses cacm successful exporters maneuver renegotiate tariffs incentives guatemala main problems growing dissatisfaction impatience indians wish equitable share economy longstanding claim belize settled manner acceptable guatemalan nationalists honduras contrast guatemala population percent mestizo mixed caucasian indian small minorities indians africans caucasians honduras traditionally dependent agricultural exports combination favorable geology paucity soils resulted economy dominated mining silver important export war declining mines countered booming banana plantation economy silver produced lead zinc coffee replaced bananas leading export honduras poorest region capita income table regarded backward region
bulk brazil interior venezuela eastern bolivia northern paraguay half continent experience climate seasonally dry intertropical convergence accompanying rains shifts north south equator seasonal migration direct rays sun drought occurs winter period temperatures wintry area receives inches millimeters rainfall concentrated wet period months duration belts southern hemisphere northern hemisphere savanna climate figure winter drought opposing seasons typically warmest temperatures occur winter dry season venezuelan savanna absence clouds equatorial location maximum radiation higher plateau areas brazil experience similar rainfall regime cooler temperatures part latitude altitude area states parana minas gerais inland coast experiences delightful climate temperatures rarely freezing temperatures sao paulo average night variation variation coldest warmest months south parana frost yearly occurrence pleasant subtropical conditions prevail winter months average summers hot humid south seasonal extremes cold weather intense duration south west temperate climatic areas climate grades steppe desert belt prevailing westerly winds rainshadow sides andes
crop lost position markets production remaining increasingly serve domestic market leftover unserved corners market production exploitive notoriously inefficient unable compete higher quality cheaper production areas migration heavy inhabitants subregion colonizers frontiers source unskilled labor brazil cities irrigated agriculture stabilized modernization proceeds slow steady rate process results increasing unemployment land reform suggested alternative resulting small units degenerate subsistence farms fail compete large scale plantations diversification agricultural economy presents problems labor intensive nature traditional sugar culture result unemployment lower farm income replaced crops effort stem economic decay area government begun intensive campaign industrialize cities beneficiate agriculture irrigation fertilization capital investment generally light industry emphasized food processing assembly textiles leading items produced depressed area hundred important section brazil capita income half national average economic redevelopments pressing need large projects undertaken achieve level stability largest petrochemical complex built salvador bahia capital intensive type industry requires fewer employees operate build choice site based solely economic need
conflicting developmental goals arisen changing emphasis nature industrial investment handed soviet union stalinist era onset communist control individual basic industry emphasized response east european attempted develop heavy industrial base full range industries ensure later programs emphasized specializaton duly attempted develop series export oriented specialties bloc wide monopoly result highly varied industrial base country albania need avoid imports hand conflicts policies geared spurring exports hand demands increased availability consumer goods led expansion industries notably textiles point region nations seek export markets selling developed countries cost production attempt obtain hard currency economic patterns emerged foreign trade dichotomies economic interest increasing trade capitalist nations west fluctuate downward noticeably cooling official relations intraregional trade nonexistent exceptionally important complementary economies cooperative efforts develop aegis cmea communist common market soviet union reversal traditional colonial trade pattern major supplier raw materials east europe industries purchasing finished goods sophisticated manufactures called satellites recent decade brisk trade licenses patents purchased capitalist countries firms
combination vast stretches level land fertile soil mild climate result strong set agricultural advantages country size fertility similar ohio level populous despite southern location proximity mediterranean lesser seas country continental climate colder winters alternately sharp continental winters hot mediterranean summer droughts periodically interrupt mild average climatic patterns danube platform drier average colder winter country grain culture corn wheat dominant large mechanized farms livestock raised primarily meat southern eastern lowlands milder climate drier summers support varied agriculture irrigated rice famous balkan tobaccos cotton silk culture attar perfume essence roses high quality fruits vegetables western basins valleys emphasize dairying sugar beets industrial crops mountain pastures support large herds sheep bulgaria underwent extensive land reform war ii small farms grouped productive cooperatives produced part export market emphasizing high quality horticultural products bulgarian agriculture backward unproductive early tradition cooperative agriculture collectivization easier completed percent arable area irrigated fertilizer input increased radically development domestic chemical industry yields slightly lower found western european countries recently attempt improve systems efficiency collective farms integrated industrial processing firms consumer outlets termed agricultural industrial complexes
european linkage completed involves urals kama river major tributary volga rendered navigable length planned link kama northward flowing rivers arctic give urals outlets arctic water connections source timber short supply locally source coking coal vorkuta basin water route leningrad moscow plans realized major raw material resource producing areas major industrial districts european russia linked cheap water transportation significant hydroelectric capacity european russia double large scale flooding virtually cease problem millions acres additioanl farmland added improved drainage irrigation significantly entire european continent markets resources directly tied water soviet union problems shrinkage caspian sea part attributed projects volga shallow northern end sea navigable shallow draft vessels scientists opposed northern canal links fearing unknown effects water table groundwater supplies underground mining large lakes resulted stay frozen longer rivers violent summer storms occur lakes climatological phenomenon agricultural lands entire cities inundated reservoirs knows damage increasingly polluted rivers disperse waters european part ussr despite disadvantages program likely continue alerted environmental concerns progress slower definitely planned
frontier mongolia china changed rapidly frequently centuries mongolia physical geographic designation cultural region nation wall china regarded border chinese attempt demarcate stabilize border obviously mongols continued invasions simply bribing threatening gatekeepers allow passage walls reflecting change fluidity striking features wall scale architecture proximity beijing historical record flow ebb mongol strength corporate beijing includes part wall territory places miles kilometers center marche nature historical capitals demonstrated fashion existing record push agricultural frontier westward advance chinese colonization mongolia reduced small portion administrative extent core area occupied remaining mongols china mongols dwell ussr outer mongolian republic term mongolia refers wetter grasslands traditional mongolian semi desert environment wetter areas grain culture short grass steppe part continuous vegetational cover extends amur lowland foothills tien shan southern eastern limits wall khinghan mountains northern border delimited territorial extent outer mongolian republic
complex indian language mosaic added fundamental cultural factor variety religions percent indians hindus hindu religion sects denominations christianity percent indians moslems percent christians nearly percent sikhs group concentrated punjab small numbers buddhists himalayan frontier jains parsees small minorities fundamental conflict subcontinent course islam hinduism hindu religion considered native india written forms originated indus valley thousand ago specific philosophy dogma hinduism tolerant wide range individual beliefs practices grown prospered culturally fragmented land able absorb cultural traditions facing homogenization islam introduced region invasion conquest eighth century hinduism islam youngest western religions philosophically closer judaism christianity hinduism christianity islam proselytizing religion seeks converts hinduism actively seek adherents islam strongly monotheistic recognizes god opposed hinduism large numbers gods goddesses islamic religious rites feature solemn austere ceremony contemplation hindu ceremonies exuberant noisy affairs bells firecrackers islam preaches essential equality hinduism included social system strongly stratified castes
monsoon key understanding south asia affects southeast asia east asia dramatic degree monsoonal tendencies coasts land masses minor significance compared indian subcontinent monsoon previously mentioned section east asia originally refererd seasonal shifts wind direction experienced arabian sea east african coast arab sea traders sensitive naturally direction force winds propelled vessels seasonal reversal wind commonly sharply defined india frequently involves strong winds months cold air circulates siberian high winter china north tsingling range korean peninsula japan indian subcontinent protected tibetan plateau himalayas high pressure land winter produce land sea air flow season india bangladesh winter air local warmer origin northern east asia south asia major axis monsoon air circulation roughly northeast southwest winter weaker flow northeast summer stronger flow southwest produces general zones heavy orographic mountain induced precipitation western ghats western edge plateau deccan north bombay cape comorin flanks himilayas large area heavy summer precipitation northeast india partially orographic nature heavy rains produced warm moisture laden air sweeping bay bengal rising steeply himalayas reach incredible totals
north yemen terraced fields watered crops sufficient food superior quality coffee principal source foreign exchange production fallen due part severe drought early north yemen receives foreign aid saudi arabia soviet union republic china prc south yemen suitable agriculture north yemen capital aden bab al mandeb strategic straits red sea indian ocean important trade city military base controlled british suez canal opened aden important coaling station refuel steamships bound india oil replaced coal refinery built aden supplies largest source government income oil refueling function fully recovered closing suez canal land cultivation north yemen wheat sorgham cattle sheep qat mildly narcotic leaf natural source amphetamines south yemen depends heavily foreign aid subsidies soviet union prc east germany cuba position bab al mandeb places military units based minutes oil lifeline western europe addition general policy undermining conservative arab governments south yemen supported protracted civil war southern province neighboring oman fought border wars saudi arabia evidently expects reunite yemens force oman richer yemens super rich category neighbors persian gulf
political relationships changed radically region late exceptionally close cooperative american iranian economic political relationships collapsed abruptly revolution iran oil wealth underwritten impressive military build country sought dominant power gulf british withdrawal stresses developed rural conservative deeply religious society western lifestyles technology prominent rapidly growing cities conservative moslem clergy saw rapid westernization destroying iran traditions deeply held religious convictions run practical problems aggressive militarily expansionist ussr iran borders america tainted bringing westernization threat iran security indigenous culture afghanistan strengthening symbiotic economic relationship soviet union led soviet involvement stabilizing friendly regimes kabul british virtually chosen leaders suitable earlier times clear soviet military invasion succeed eliminating guerrilla resistance rugged countryside guerrilla resistance supplied united states friendly pakistan soviet invasion afghanistan tarnished image states states sahara sahel subregion part french empire north africa french remains official language chad france remains important trading partner states include large areas sahara largest desert earth varying proportion non desert semi desert territory
case onshore drilling oil natural gas trend drilling offshore progressively remote areas progressively difficult physical circumstances offshore drilling handicapped additional set problems geological encountered tides high waves strong winds storms including hurricanes ice flows fog icebergs locations astride busy shipping lanes added hazards offshore drilling sites recent steep rises oil prices supported matching escalations capital expended explore bring production offshore fields drilling operations water depth records counting depth seabed feet meters santa barbara channel california feet meters newfoundland drilling ships designed operate feet water meters types mobile rigs drilling exploratory wells jackup rig equipped elevator legs towed position legs lowered bottom platform jacked safe height rigs maximum water depth usage feet meters semi submersible rigs moored huge anchors tons hundred drill ships hole hull drilling takes place unlike semi submersibles depend solely anchors maintain position propellers thrusters dynamically positioned computer controlled system advantage dynamic positioning rig moved faster iceberg threatens common labrador sea hazards spills publicized featuring santa barbara channel blowout uncontrolled flow due sudden increase pressure combined equipment failure human error
columbus born genoa seaport northwestern italy birth genoa thriving trade center look map page notice italian peninsula located mediterranean sea midway western europe trading centers east constantinople damascus goods asia reached europe route asia source valuable items trade gold gems spices silks sugar glass steel boy growing genoa columbus seen ships unloading rich cargo mid exciting alive hundred pace europe quickening peoples italian peninsula center happening grown rich trade wealthy italian families interested art learning hired artists decorate palaces churches scholars search books manuscripts told wisdom ancient knowledge lost western europe fall rome thousand earlier brought light happening discovery things rediscovery period called renaissance word meaning rebirth italy experienced renaissance soon spread routes trade germany netherlands france spain portugal spirit zest thought politics religion began change
trouble began bad weather ships english coast mid february brave north atlantic winter ships took southern route columbus stopping places west indies steering north early sighted virginia coast left london died voyage months squeezed cramped quarters edgy fights broke john smith irons held prisoner deck trip difficulties voyage soon faded colonists caught sight virginia began sailing slowly broad river called james honor king springtime dogwood bloom filling air sweet fragrance wild strawberries sweeter grew english gardens ripening hillsides banks river brilliant carpet flowers marvels greet eye earthly paradise settlers chose spot miles upstream coast lay settlement honor king decided call jamestown location ideal narrow peninsula commanding view river defense easy peninsula island high tide began building fort guard spanish attack colonists discovered late low ground water brackish polluted marshes swamps nearby breeding ground disease carrying mosquitoes
geography colony founders shaped society northern tip carolina albemarle sound small settlement virginians established map page families farmed tobacco grew corn drew tar rosin local pine trees dismal swamp divided colonists virginia proper swampland isolated carolina settlements south albemarle region developed colony colony undoubtedly sir anthony ashley cooper john locke dismayed rough ready poor democratic society developed south colony evolved center charles towne charleston later called charleston fine harbor fertile lands acted magnet planters west indian islands scottish french german settlers colonize region risked indian attack west threat spanish south prize worth danger rice plantations area settlers rich carolina rice plantations created aristocracy unlike dreamed fundamental constitutions charleston planters region original proprietors soon albemarle settlers regions separated south north carolina royal colonies carolina colony expanded west south savannah river present georgia expansion brought friction yamassee indians lived region help spanish florida yamassee began making raids carolina
war english military efforts suffered english leaders understand conditions colonies policymakers england convinced sentiment revolution widespread deep view based large part reports wealthy england loyalists flocked london wait war englanders governor thomas hutchinson jonathan sewall massachusetts believed revolution strictly england event loyalists insisted ordinary deluded ambitious political fanatics held political spell head british war office lord george germain accepted notion revolution england conspiracy germain military strategy based assumption southern colonies welcome return king peace course loyalists colonies carolinas bitter memory regulator struggles country ready fight crown english found solid support expected lost war accept fact desire independence strong colonies british army moved south january beginning campaign badly english forces general henry clinton charles lord cornwallis meet loyalist forces north carolina admiral sir peter parker give armies naval support commanders schedule loyalist troops outnumbered patriot forces north carolina badly beaten battle moore creek bridge february map page
september small group leaders states gathered annapolis discuss problems interstate commerce conversation moved quickly issues soon nation disbanding decided ask convention revise articles confederation confederation congress hesitated end agreed arrange convention members congress hoped delegates strengthen confederation authority give government raise revenue taxation convention met philadelphia delegates journeyed city brotherly love played active roles revolution forming governments confederation delegates signed declaration independence officers continental army represented states continental congress confederation congress delegates later president united states serve chief justice supreme court dozen governors states delegates education wealth political diplomatic experience thomas jefferson watching events diplomatic post france felt convention gathering demigods accurately delegates part natural aristocracy talent jefferson belonged delegates young early making george washington senior member group benjamin franklin sprightly surely grandfather figure delegates surprisingly alexander hamilton james madison george washington philadelphia
historic sites country thought national shrines live claim mount vernon virginia mount vernon town house impressive house outbuildings lovely gardens architecture age house makes landmark lived george washington makes special mount vernon special place history preserved pieces past country verge civil war times national crisis americans look history inspiration washington giant national consciousness union threatened surprising popularity figure closely birth nation increase washington heirs considering selling mount vernon rumors mount vernon developed resort idea washington home shrine memory shocked americans ann pampela cunningham spurred action launched crusade preserve landmark forming mount vernon ladies association union cunningham head organization title regent vice regents appointed states campaign save mount vernon successful nationwide preservation campaign effort save washington home involved country edward everett famous speaker senator massachusetts toured nation speaking washington promoting effort save mount vernon
clues origins cities found geography city owes existence location entirely politics washington created especially serve home united states government congress decided build permanent home city worthy nation political compromise led decision build capital potomac river moving federal government spend decade philadelphia move george washington selected major pierre architect city site spring began making plans important building capitol prominent spot landscape president house key government building situated prime spot connected grand avenue capitol spokes wheel radiated major avenues city spreading capitol mall city plan included parks monuments elements needed give city dignity national capital city achieve dignity government moved major buildings finished grand avenues lines maps city grew size grandeur flourished deviated plan special character city designed capital threatened early action updated plan formulated height limitations buildings preserved horizontal flavor city emphasized prominence government buildings
north taking lead south overseas commerce early days republic trade tended center port cities york boston philadelphia baltimore orleans northern ports especially york lead amount trade handled ports increased dramatically attention drawn spectacular perfected sailing vessels called clipper ships famous vessels designed donald mckay boston sporting towering masts displaying clouds canvas mckay ships outdistanced vessels ships covered nautical miles hours record sailing vessels surpassed speed graceful monarchs sea favorites england trade china trip south america gold fields california desire quick passage distant ports factors promoted america merchant marine opening britain market grain speed ocean transport needed clipper ships ruled days glory clipper ships invented development steam power slowly surely larger steamships began ocean transportation swift elegant clipper ships ships past million immigrants entered europe joining millions provided pool cheap labor phenomenal industrial expansion north place vast majority mid century immigrants ireland germany scandinavia
american civil war tested democracy ability survive emergency union confederate governments fighting existence constantly tempted overextend constitutional powers plea wartime emergency exercised powers peacetime tolerated public anxious remain office emergency powers effort silence critics patriotism national defense officials north south overstepped powers offices congressional leaders saw special wartime conditions opportunities push laws favorable interests result north flurry legislation favorable special interests union confederacy reasonably able leadership top jefferson davis presidency confederacy public service cold stiff davis able hard working dedicated confederate skilled administrator rough tumble political frequently quarreled subordinates confederate congress fancied military strategist preferred military command general direction war hands left able generals preoccupied military affairs devote pressing concerns lincoln presidency experience elective office leadership qualities highest order qualities largely unknown untested election job quickly showed superb leader clear purpose steadfast resolve infinite patience
saw chapter doctrine laissez faire worked federal legislation combat urban problems local governments act passed fire sanitary inspection laws laws regulating working conditions york law forbade manufacture cigars apartment sweatshops laws weak poorly enforced landlords business owners easily sidestepped repealed belief doctrine laissez faire led courts narrowly interpret powers cities states courts limited local governments powers interfere rights landlords business owners individuals private groups worked help urban poor century charitable groups wealthy protestants tended blame poor plight viewed poverty result moral defect poor organizations opened missions slum areas help deserving poor charitable organizations helped missionaries tried hard change customs religions poor worked convert catholic jewish poor children protestantism response poor hostile turned urban political machines help missions machine perform services demanding votes late approach urban reform appeared settlement house movement settlement house community center city slums workers performed needed services neighborhood tried create sense community settlementhouse workers worked hard teach immigrants deal mysterious ways american
revolt partly result change united states tariff policy mckinley tariff act admitted cuban sugar united states duty free proved bonanza island economy bringing unusual prosperity sugar industry tariff restored sizable duty cuban sugar times cuban workers treated slaves sugar prices falling industry trouble generally conditions cuba wretched resulting discontent erupted cuban insurrection spanish rule embattled cubans sought received aid sympathizers united states unable crush cuban revolt ordinary police methods spanish government resorted harsher measures kind guerrilla warfare waged insurgents countered rounding civilian population trouble zones forcing fortified towns reconcentration policy brought strong protests united states government epidemics disease swept concentration camps american newspapers added fuel flames printing greatly exaggerated news stories spanish atrocities fed steady diet stories american began clamoring war free cuba spanish misrule clamor war rising president mckinley doubled united states diplomatic efforts persuade spain grant rule cuba considerable stalling spain finally agreed end reconcentration policy grant armistice rebels spain agree rule cuba willing discuss question late unexpected events intervened war de letter
americans germany allies repelled warlike attitude kaiser wilhelm germany ruler german emphasis militarism germany invaded tiny country belgium called previously signed agreement scrap paper american support germany dropped low matter side americans favored wanted united states stay war wanted war end quickly europe allies central powers hoped early end war want stop fighting gained position forces war continued german army general staff developed plan launch quick strike france event war broke according schlieffen plan german forces knock france war concentrate russia eastern front avoid heavily fortified franco german border germany attacked france belgium august german master plan called crossing belgium countryside days franco belgian border reached german armies thrust deep france pivot left destroy french resistance map facing page carefully thought master plan failed belgian army hard fighting managed delay german advance days times called german plan days took german forces crush belgium british french able deploy troops northern france fighting furiously allied troops retreated superior german army reached marne river
hoping months office rival fdr hundred days kennedy quickly presented congress ambitious energetic program included medicare medical insurance elderly federal aid education program combat unemployment department urban affairs congress dominated republicans conservative southern democrats uninterested kennedy proposals hostile jfk soon discovered power nation domestic limited unlike fdr carried office landslide kennedy barely won election claim national mandate programs kennedy popularity press worked disadvantage magazines found charming young president fashionable wife jacqueline fascinating glamorous senate kennedy served distinction kind attention resented limitation president power coalition republicans conservative democrats blocked kennedy proposals kennedy failed win congressional votes major proposals medicare federal aid education score limited victories social security benefits increased public works money pumped depressed areas federal water pollution control act approved president domestic problem sluggish economy jfk entered white house nation faced recession creeping inflation percent force unemployed nation suffered fourth recession war ii kennedy tried stimulate sluggish economy legislation grants loans public projects parts country unemployment high
president nixon won re election term clear intention exert power fullest extent stunning move president asked resignation cabinet members intend replace officials wanted show served completely pleasure president wanted understood demanded strict personal loyalty subordinates nixon demonstrated idea strong presidency number ways upgraded power staff persons appointed need senate approval president created referred super cabinet giving cabinet members close advisers posts white house counselors president nixon moved dismantle agencies departments left democratic administrations soon found odds democratic congress president nixon moving extremely powerful chief executive historian arthur schlesinger jr book entitled imperial presidency schlesinger believed american presidents powerful country schlesinger nixon drive power end president nixon began term hard line congress created minor constitutional crisis refused spend funds congress appropriated war poverty addition congress refused grant nixon billion budget fiscal nixon impounded seized money programs departments federal courts ruled actions illegal congress drew procedures prevent future presidents impounding funds
campaign ronald reagan promised cut taxes reduce spending cut inflation rebuild nation armed forces balance federal budget influenced views economist arthur laffer president republican leaders thought solve nation economic problems reversing policies federal government president democrat republican war ii held federal government grown large believed government interfered individual lives citizens business nation leaders felt social programs social security welfare food stamps medicare host caused taxes rise point money left invest business industry social programs cut believed taxes lowered individuals money invest investments turn stimulate economy american industry modernize expand competitive employment increase inflation brought control return prosperity tax revenues increase point federal budget balanced view solve nation economic problems called supply side economics meaning emphasis increase nation supply goods government high taxes redistribute nation wealth needed solve country economic problems questioned soundness supply side economics economic policies administration based largely supply side theory called reaganomics
ecosystem delicately balanced fragile ecological balance upset survival ecosystem cases entire biosphere threatened threat ecosystems today pollution contamination environment waste products impurities waste products biodegradable broken microorganisms harmless substances organisms biodegradable waste products pose threat environment cases contribute environment chemicals found biodegradable wastes orange peels eggshells excellent plant fertilizer modern waste products plastics biodegradable broken harmless substances ecosystems threatened large quantities nonbiodegradable wastes plastic wastes dumped oceans lakes harm fish particles plastic ingested clog digestive tracts fish ducks animals starve death entangled plastic litter move pollution poses problems living organisms help protect environment pollution ecologists earth scientists fields meteorology early meteorologists found level ozone form oxygen upper atmosphere decreasing discovery alarming ecologists earth scientists knew ozone helps protect earth plant animal harmful ultraviolet rays sun research revealed ozone layer destroyed fluorocarbons chemical compounds commonly propellants aerosol sprays
photos earth space reveal blue green sphere covered white clouds surrounded blackness space earth appears fragile fact earth unique solar system known planet liquid water surface atmosphere large amount oxygen importantly earth planet known support viewed space earth appears perfect sphere perfect sphere circumference distance matter measured careful measurements reveal earth circumference varies depending measured circumference measured poles km circumference measured equator km equator imaginary line divides earth northern southern hemispheres differences earth circumference earth accurately oblate spheroid slightly flattened sphere spinning earth axis polar regions flatten equatorial zone bulge earth axis imaginary straight line running earth north pole south pole seen space earth surface appears smooth size planet surface smooth difference height tallest mountains depth deepest ocean trenches km distance small compared earth average diameter km
earth nearly sphere sphere top bottom sides reference points finding locations surface earth rotate points surface earth intersected earth axis rotation reference points establishing direction reference points called north south geographic poles halfway poles imaginary line called equator divides earth northern southern hemispheres based reference points entire system imaginary lines established locate places earth surface set lines describes positions north south equator imaginary lines called parallels circles run east west parallel equator angular distance north south equator called latitude latitude measured degrees beginning equator full circle distance equator poles quarter circle latitude north south poles figure actual distance degree latitude equals earth circumference km km parallels latitude north equator labeled south equator labeled northern hemisphere washington located parallel latitude north equator latitude washington southern hemisphere melbourne australia latitude close
tiny atoms tinier particles called subatomic particles major kinds subatomic particles electrons protons neutrons electrons carry negative electrical charge protons carry positive charge neutrons electrical charge subatomic particles arranged similar atoms protons neutrons atom packed close form nucleus small region center atom neutrons carry electrical charge protons give nucleus positive charge compared size atom nucleus takes percentage space gumdrop takes football stadium electrons atom move region space nucleus known electron cloud unlike electrical charges attract negatively charged electrons attracted positively charged nucleus electrons tend remain close nucleus atom constant motion electrons keeps falling nucleus atom specific element distinguished atoms kinds elements number protons neutrons electrons atom element lithium protons neutrons electrons element protons help identification elements scientists assigned atomic number kind atom atoms element atomic number atomic number equal number protons atom
read molten rock cools hardens called igneous rock types igneous rocks classified according molten rock cools hardens cooling magma deep crust produces intrusive igneous rocks rocks named magma forms intrudes enters rock masses beneath earth surface magma cools hardens form intrusive igneous rocks rapid cooling lava melted rock earth surface produces extrusive igneous rocks types intrusive extrusive igneous rocks differ minerals size crystalline mineral masses grains size crystalline grains igneous rock called texture mineral composition texture igneous rocks largely determined cooling rate magma formed rock intrusive igneous rocks form magma cools hardens slowly deep underground slow loss heat minerals cooling magma form large developed crystalline grains intrusive igneous rocks composed large mineral grains coarse grained texture coarse grained rock gabbro shown figure extrusive igneous rocks form lava cools rapidly earth surface surface temperatures cooler underground temperatures rapid loss heat allow large crystalline grains form produces fine grained rock extrusive igneous rocks small mineral grains seen unaided eye common fine grained igneous rock basalt
changing type rock heat pressure chemical processes called metamorphism metamorphic rock forms deep beneath surface earth metamorphic rock formed existing igneous sedimentary metamorphic rock metamorphism heat pressure minerals change minerals minerals change size shape separate parallel layers give rock banded layered appearance hot liquids gases magma circulate rock changing mineral composition dissolving materials adding part metamorphism types metamorphism occur crust earth type metamorphism occurs rocks direct contact magma type occurs due heat pressure created tectonic activity hot magma pushes existing rock heat magma change structure mineral composition surrounding rock type metamorphism called contact metamorphism rocks actually touching hot magma metamorphosed heat chemicals gases working fractures surrounding rock contact metamorphism metamorphism occurs area thousands square kilometers periods tectonic activity type metamorphism called regional metamorphism movement tectonic plate creates tremendous heat pressure rocks plate edges heat pressure chemical minerals rock metamorphic rock formed regional metamorphism
glaciers form lake basins scooping surface areas leaving depressions deepening existing valleys lake basins england york gouged solid rock continental glacier glacial lakes formed deposition erosion lake basins left uneven surface ground moraine deposited glaciers lake basins found areas upper north america northern europe basins filled water melting snow rainfall groundwater glacial lakes formed terminal lateral moraines blocked existing streams minnesota dakotas wisconsin indiana ohio northern illinois belts moraines lakes lakes north america result combination erosion deposition continental glaciers glacial erosion widened deepened broad river valleys covered glaciers moraines south blocked ends valleys glaciers melted meltwater flowed valleys held moraines form lakes early stages lakes outlets south wabash illinois rivers flowed mississippi river ice melted lakes grew larger began drain atlantic ocean susquehanna river later stage lakes drained mohawk hudson river valleys lakes expanded slightly larger glaciers retreated pressure ice land surface reduced result surface uplifted
energy wind energy move ship turn wind turbine energy erode land wind erodes dry land effectively erodes moist land moisture makes soil heavier soil particles stick moist particles resistant force wind dry particles wind erodes land carries rock particles sizes particles categorized sand dust silt clay sand loose fragments weathered rocks minerals grains sand quartz common minerals sand grains mica feldspar magnetite sand grains range diameter mm mm smallest grain sand barely visible unaided eye largest grain sand size pinhead dust consists particles smaller smallest sand grain mm diameter dust silt clay microscopic fragments rock minerals soil volcanic eruptions sources dust plants animals bacteria dust occur product burning fuels manufacturing processes wind moves sand dust ways wind aloft smallest particle sand sand grains moved series jumps bounces pebbles moved streams movements called saltation saltation occurs wind speed roll sand grains ground
land rises sea level falls emergent coastline results emergent coastline steep slope exposed rapidly jagged dotted sea cliffs narrow inlets bays series wave cut terraces exposed emergent coastlines gentle slope formed part continental slope lifted exposed smooth coastal plain bays headlands wide beaches results florida coast emergent coastline coastline united states england texas flat coastal plain sea level risen past shoreline moved inland km gently sloping coast geologists think movement isolated dunes shoreline forming barrier islands barrier islands ridges sand typically km km wide km km lie nearly parallel shoreline km km offshore nearly barrier islands cape cod massachusetts padre island texas barrier islands formed sand spits separated land storms waves pile ridges sand scraped sea bottom deposits moved shore shoreward waves currents winds winds blowing land create line dunes shoreward side islands dunes high reach height
pacific ocean occupies largest area ocean pacific half ocean water earth average depth km pacific deepest ocean largest size atlantic ocean mediterranean caribbean baltic seas gulf mexico considered parts atlantic ocean atlantic ocean shallowest oceans average depth km indian ocean largest ocean average depth km branch earth science known oceanography study physical characteristics chemical composition forms ocean oceanography start american naval officer mathew maury records navy ships derive information ocean currents winds depths weather conditions observations published marked beginning scientific study ocean late nineteenth century voyages british navy ship challenger laid foundation modern science oceanography team scientists aboard challenger crossed atlantic antarctic south pacific oceans team measured water temperatures depths collected samples ocean water sediments forms marine seen today ships equipped perform oceanographic research research ship glomar challenger carries equipment drill rock located deep km beneath ocean surface samples drilled glomar challenger provided scientists valuable data ocean basin
pure liquid water tasteless odorless colorless pure water basic substance solids gases dissolved forming solution called ocean water sea water dissolved substances small particles matter tiny organisms suspended ocean water ocean water complex mixture sustain variety plant animal ocean water chemical physical properties chemical properties characteristics determine composition enable water dissolve substances physical properties characteristics temperature density color describe ocean water scientists study properties ocean water trying understand complex interactions oceans atmosphere land earth rivers carry billion kg dissolved minerals ocean minerals salts water evaporates ocean dissolved minerals salts remain minerals salts returned land water falls rain snow water cycle gases enter ocean water dissolved rivers streams directly atmosphere gases ocean water volcanoes land beneath ocean gases earth early atmosphere dissolved ocean relative amounts dissolved substances ocean water remained constant millions processes add substances oceans balance processes remove dissolved materials deposition sediments ocean floor removes billions kilograms material ocean
destructive waves ocean tsunamis powered wind tsunamis seismic sea waves caused earthquakes ocean floor caused underwater landslides tsunamis called tidal waves misleading tsunamis connection tides tsunamis high wavelength deep water wave height tsunami meter wavelength km tsunami commonly wave period min average speed km min km min wave height tsunami low open ocean tsunami felt aboard ships detected air tsunami tremendous amount energy entire depth water involved wave motion destructive energy mass water delivered shore shore height tsunami greatly increases speed decreases wave reach height water piles arrival tsunami signaled sudden pulling water shore occurs trough tsunami arrives crest crest arrives sudden rapid rise water level occurs trough tsunami arrives rapid withdrawal water arrival crest
scientists debated origins solar system solar system includes sun bodies revolving sun scientists thought sun formed threw materials later formed planets planets major bodies orbiting sun french mathematician marquis pierre simone de laplace advanced hypothesis stated sun planets condensed spinning nebula cloud gas dust hypothesis stated entire solar system formed approximately laplace hypothesis developed known nebular theory according current nebular theory big bang spread matter expanding universe cloud gas dust eventually developed solar system called solar nebula solar nebula large current solar system billion billion ago shock waves supernova force caused solar nebula contract denser star sun began form center solar nebula chapter read origin typical star sun thought developed process heat collisions pressure force gravity caused center solar nebula denser hotter temperature center nebula hydrogen fusion began sun formed percent matter solar nebula part sun
astronomers hypothesize comets originate oort cloud named dutch astronomer jan oort oort cloud spherical cloud dust ice nuclei billion comets bodies cloud circle sun speed sec requiring million complete orbit cloud surrounds solar system beginning distance light sun reaching halfway nearest star matter oort cloud left formation solar system captured later gravity sun gravity star passing solar system comet cloud fall elliptical orbit orbit stretches oort cloud sun cloud oort cloud spherical comets oriented direction released orbit sun angle comets called period comets periods thousand million comets called short period comets periods gravity outer planets jupiter affect comets orbit sun halley comet appears short period comet appeared approximately halley comet addition asteroids comets smaller bits rock metal called meteoroids move solar system
nights moon shines brightly read book light moonlight produced moon moon reflects light sun moon revolves earth parts lighted side moon face earth shown figure shape visible portion moon varies varying shapes lighted reflected sunlight called phases moon moon sun earth side moon facing earth unlighted times moon moon phase moon phase lighted area moon visible earth moon continues move orbit earth part lighted half visible size visible portion moon increasing moon waxing sliver moon visible earth moon enters waxing crescent phase moon moved quarter orbit moon phase moon looks semicircle half lighted side moon facing earth waxing moon semicircle enters quarter phase visible portion moon larger semicircle increasing moon waxing gibbous phase moon continues wax appears full circle full moon earth sun moon shown figure
study individual organisms important part biology understand fully biological scientists study interactions organisms environment branch biology called ecology studying ecology biologists recognize interdependence organisms solitary spiders spend lives members species depend animals food studying ecology biologists recognize interdependence organisms physical environment survive organisms need substances nutrients water gases environment stability environment turn depends extent healthy functioning organisms environment oxygen atmosphere largely product plant vast areas forest cut oxygen released reduction forests alter composition atmosphere change physical environment eventually affect earth knowledge biological science applied specific problems society improve human development polio vaccine significant scientific breakthrough large impact society producing polio vaccine bulk distributing scientists business leaders governments worked reduce threat polio biological knowledge involves decisions based ethics study wrong moral choices bioethics application ethics biological concerns
compound combined substances retain original chemical properties mixture combined substances retain original chemical properties sand salt mixed chemically types mixtures important biology solution mixture substances uniformly distributed substance solute substance dissolved solution particles compose solute ions atoms small molecules solvent substance solute dissolved sugar solute water solvent mixed solution sugar water results sugar dissolves water sugar molecules water molecules altered chemically solutions composed proportions solute solvent solutions vary concentration concentration solution measurement amount solute dissolved fixed amount solution solute dissolved greater concentration solution sugar added glass water spoonful spoonful increasing concentration solution point sugar longer dissolve solution solution saturated solutions mixtures liquids solids gases brass solid solution formed cooling mixture liquid zinc liquid copper biologically important solutions gases liquids solids dissolved water aqueous solutions solutions water solvent universally important living organisms
cell smallest unit carry processes living thing tiniest bacterium floating drop water largest elephant cells complete living thing consists cell called unicellular organism small size unicellular organisms paramecium shown figure numerous forms living thing consisting cell called multicellular organism figure shows buttercup multicellular organism individual cells cells large seen unaided eye scientists recognize forms cells knowledge cells began invention lens grew advances microscope technology light microscope view specimens magnified times magnifications plant animal cells visible cell structures seen transmission electron microscope tem times stronger light microscope scanning electron microscope sem produces dimensional images advances smallest cells seen clear detail imagine puzzlement english scientist robert hooke cut thin slice cork observed microscope exceedingly plainly perceive perforated porous wrote consisting boxes
recessive sex linked trait found primarily males hemophilia blood hemophiliacs lacks protein essential clotting manifestations color blindness hemophilia inherited pattern study figure recessive sex linked allele inherited presence male female sex hormones influences expression human traits called sex influenced traits alleles code traits autosomes males females alleles trait expressed sex pattern baldness familiar sex influenced trait allele baldness dominant males recessive females women bb alleles eventually lose hair heterozygous woman bb lose hair heterozygous bb differences result presense sex hormones genetic disorders result nondisjunction remember section nondisjunction failure chromatids separate cell division occurs meiosis ii result sperm egg cell extra missing chromosome humans nondisjunction occurs sperm formation sperm cell chromosomes gametes combines normal egg zygote chromosomes zygote chromosomes chromosome condition called monosomy zygote chromosomes chromosome condition called trisomy
account earth formation early history theory fits scientific evidence rocks survived provide direct evidence earth earliest eras oldest rocks earth billion earth infancy records early forms earth rocks billion fossils remains traces living organisms fossils ancient prokaryotic cells remember prokaryotes lack membrane bound nucleus membrane bound organelles microscopic fossils microfossils remains cells lived earth fossilized cells descended line unpreserved prokaryotes scientists agree developments occurred include formation simple organic compounds important formation complex organic compounds proteins concentration enclosure organic compounds linking chemical reactions involved growth metabolism reproduction let look developments organic compounds carbon essential carbon elements found organic compounds existed earth planet main elements carbon hydrogen nitrogen oxygen form gases atmosphere elements present atmosphere formed simple organic compounds important challenging scientific puzzle popular hypotheses put solve puzzle developed soviet scientist alexander oparin
fast species form generation times short species unicellular organisms evolve months days plants animals darwin theorized species form gradually millions scientists examples species arose thousands millions archaeological evidence settlers polynesia introduced banana trees hawaiian island thousand ago today species moths unique hawaiian islands feed bananas moth species closely related plant eating moths hawaii scientists suggest banana eating moths arose planting eating moths undergoing adaptive radiation thousand banana trees existed hawaii evidence fossil record led scientists propose speciation need occur gradually occur spurts according theory punctuated equilibrium populations species exist close genetic equilibrium equilibrium interrupted period rapid genetic change speciation occurs scientists argue species evolved gradually fossil record show examples transitional forms species characteristics intermediate ancestral species species organisms transitional forms absent fossil record fossil record shows species remained hundreds thousands millions related species suddenly appeared species form gradually rapidly point debate scientists
fruits modified flower parts enclose seed seeds grapes vitis sp tomatoes lycopersicon esculentum fleshy fruits called berries apples malus sp moist fruits called pomes walnuts juglans sp dry fruits called nuts grains fruits cereals scientists estimate billion earth ensure food large population efficient national international food production distribution systems economists help improve systems biologists play role developing food plants researchers concentrated improving productivity land cultivation led increase worldwide food production known green revolution norman borlaug international rice institute philippines developed strong stemmed varieties rice produced heavy heads grain varieties adapted tropical subtropical regions borlaug later received nobel peace prize green revolution brought advances resulting distribution grains agricultural techniques brought problems techniques expensive developing regions farmers afford fertilizers needed grow varieties plants tropical soils low essential nutrients suitable raising crops researchers today working effective ways grains techniques developed green revolution widespread food shortages called famines occur food production distribution meet need food
organisms plants composed cells groups cells perform common function tissue tissues arranged tissue systems types tissue systems found plants ground system dermal system vascular system systems organized plant organs roots stems leaves levels organization reflect adaptations environment ground system kinds tissue parenchyma living tissue consists large loosely packed roughly cube shaped cells thin cell walls parenchyma cells involved functions including photosyhthesis food storage wound healing plants wood percent cells collenchyma living tissue elongated cells unevenly thickened flexible walls collenchyma cells specialized supporting growing regions plant sclerenchyma tissue maturity walls dead cells supports strengthens plant schlerenchyma stretch found primarily regions ceased growing schlerenchyma walls thin called fibers ground tissues modified adaptive advantage cactuses large amounts parenchyma tissue store water dry environments herbs flexible withstand wind possess lot collenchyma tissue sclerenchyma tissue found plant parts hardness advantage shells nuts spines cactuses vascular system includes xylem phloem tissues xylem conducts water minerals phloem conducts food
plant growth development controlled external internal factors external factors include light intensity gravity temperature moisture length species differs response factors species external factors trigger internal plant physiology internal factors control plant growth chemicals called hormones hormones stimulate inhibit plant growth scientists refer plant growth regulators hormones affect plants ways causing grow taller causing leaves change color autumn plant hormones organic compounds effective small concentrations synthesized part plant transported target tissues plant trigger physiological response growth botanists identified kinds plant hormones discuss hormones mind plant responses typically result interaction hormones auxins class hormones regulate growth plant cells chemical structures auxins shown figure naturally occurring auxin indoleacetic acid iaa iaa produced actively growing plant regions shoot tips young leaves developing fruits transported parts plant physiological effects important effects iaa altering plasticity primary cell walls altering plasticity iaa regulates cell elongation effects target tissue vary concentration target tissue concentration iaa stimulate cell elongation greater inhibit elongation effect auxin depends target tissue
adult invertebrates show tremendous amount morphological diversity difficult similarities clam octopus members phylum diversity results adaptations invertebrates environments variations fall patterns invertebrate evolution read notice increasing complexity patterns invertebrates radial bilateral symmetry radial symmetry enables drifting invertebrates jellyfish brittle stars receive stimuli directions invertebrates bilateral symmetry adaptation motile style type symmetry cephalization cephalization makes organism perceive environment respond organism moves environment segmentation division body repeating units segmentation called metamerism repeating segment called metameric unit simplest form seen annelids unit body basically phylum arthropoda trend increasing specialization segments especially adult trend fusing segments larger functional units invertebrates diverse means support simpler invertebrates sponges secrete spicules strengthen support soft tissue structures spicules aid movement complex invertebrates coelomates supported turgor pressure fluid filled coelom roundworms instance coelom aids movement providing hydrostatic pressure muscles contract
fossil record fishes vertebrates earth fact vertebrates million competition food space increasingly intense natural selection favored animals spend part land animals evolved amphibians scientists infer amphibians evolved lobe finned fishes called crossopterygians pictured figure fossils fishes show short limblike fins move land crossopterygians gills internal nostrils primitive lung enabled respire short periods land basis fossil evidence biologists conclude amphibians appeared late devonian period million ago permian period evolutionary lines amphibians diverged line leading reptiles leading modern amphibians geologic record includes evidence number environmental pressures opportunities led movement animals land devonian oceans lakes rivers ponds supported tremendous number variety fishes food space limited numerous species fish competed intensely competition apparently increased periodic droughts dried steams lakes tidal beds addition primitive land plants insects promising food sources beginning evolve evidence period vertebrates lived land space oxygen plentiful
birds vertebrates class aves birds arose late relative vertebrates established earth vertebrate group adapted air land water evolution flight endothermy warm enabled birds survive virtually known environment evidence fossils studies comparative anatomy birds evolved reptiles feathers fragile hollow bones preserve birds poorly represented fossil record compared vertebrate groups clues scientists disagree line reptiles gave rise birds concur fossil genus archaeopteryx ancient wing represent evolutionary link reptiles birds archaeopteryx fossil dates jurassic period discovered fine limestone sediments quarry southern germany radioisotope dating verified fossil million archaeopteryx possessed characteristics reptiles birds seen figure reptiles large skull teeth bones hollow claws forelimbs tail strong legs rounded wings glided flew contrast presence feathers furculum fused collarbones commonly called wishbone suggests archaeopteryx birdlike group reptiles gave rise archaeopteryx possibly birds hypotheses prevail argues birds arose abut million ago thecodonts group reptiles discussed chapter
energy flows patterns ecosystem total energy trophic level ecosystem flows level section lower trophic levels ecosystem total energy higher trophic levels food chain specific response organisms obtain energy ecosystem freshwater ecosystem food chain begin primary producer autotrophic alga eaten primary consumer tiny insect nymph fish eats insect nymph otter eats fish otter dies bacteria feed carcass releasing nutrients ecosystem algae nutrients energy sun food result series interactions specific sequence production consumption exists ecosystem figure shows food chain grassland ecosystem food chain begins autotrophic grass primary producer chain continues primary consumer grass herbivorous zebra chain continues carnivorous lion scavenging vulture bacteria perform final job decomposing carcasses dead leaves wastes basic nutrients food chains levels vulture highest level consumer large animals hosts thousands parasites species parasites ticks insects mites worms lice sixth level consumers
relationships organims called biotic relationships studying food webs chapter learned type biotic relationship section look major biotic relationships including competition predation symbiosis primary ways organisms interact competition competition defense resource individual reduces availability resource individuals brook trout compete habitat defending area directly fallen log fish attempt move territory brook trout fights hold trout successful retains access food space fish gain prime habitat successful struggle survive reproduce biologists recognize main types competition intraspecific interspecific competition intraspecific competition occurs organisms species interspecific competition occurs organisms species intraspecific competition keen members species require food space mates mammalian species musk ox baboon males fight social status allow mate beech trees likewise compete access nutrients water soil sunlight needed photosynthesis population individuals adapted survive pass genetic material offspring greater rate fit competitors intraspecific competition constant process nature driving forces evolution
natural resources raw materials biotic abiotic support earth human society increasing population industrial consumes greatest proportion resources consumption leads depletion resources occur direct destruction burning fuels displacement pollution resources environment renewable resources materials regrown replenished increasing human population consuming renewable resources faster replaced renewable resource forest trees cut timber firewood forest properly managed reforested reharvested wildlife soil potentially renewable resources forests biological communities dominated trees composed hundreds species organisms increasing need wood produce paper fuel building materials furniture led deforestation clearing vast regions forested land reforestation process nurturing growths trees sites occupied forests preventing soil erosion maintaining moisture ground wildlife refers plants animals indigenous community learned chapter species community interact complex system food chains food webs destruction species impact organisms community preventing loss species conservation wildlife management important area scientific concern primary threat wildlife habitat destruction
look pictures unit show touching look things picture living things find things senses eyes help hands help feel ears help hear hear nose smell taste children senses look food touch smell taste listen find food senses girls twins look hats signs look colors look shapes flowers children senses look smell touch group things foods taste sweet group look feel shells shells put groups look seeds put groups group seeds color group seeds size group seeds firefighters senses fire feel heat smell smoke firefighter hear hear hear hear enjoy television machine helps plugs tv puts words screen words tell
picture shows bird rhinoceros animals eat things look pictures unit animals pets tell think look frog insect move animals mammals mammals hair fur hair helps warm mammals warm blooded animals weather cold warm bodies stay cold bodies warm mammals born alive babies drink milk mother mother mammals care babies mammals breathe air lungs mammals ways eat foods mother dog eats meat mammals eat meat lions eat meat rabbits eat plants raccoons eat plants small animals find pictures mammals put pictures groups mammals eat plants mammals eat animals mammals eat plants animals mammals eat plants mammals eat animals mammals eat plants animals mammals eat things eagle bird birds animals feathers wings eagle feathers help warm dry large wings help fly birds birds ways birds lay eggs mother bird lays eggs nest mother father sits eggs keeps warm soon babies hatch eggs parents care babies
collect feathers look feathers feel put drop water tell happened water feather think birds wet rains feathers important bird kinds animals live water fish animals live water tails fins swim fish live rivers lakes fish live ocean seahorse ocean fish swims upright shallow water fins tail fish fish special water animals covered hard scales scales help protect fish fish born eggs fish care young fish birds mammals fish cold blooded bodies warm fish live warm water warm bodies fish live cold water cold bodies fish gills fish gills breathe gills air water gills slits side fish head look fish hand lens draw tell scales look find gills look feel find fins look feel scales protect fish gills help fish breathe fins help fish move person doctor animals
eat fish fished thousands caught fish oceans rivers lakes streams scientists found grow fish farms farms raising fish called hatcheries machines farms fish eggs warm hatch machines water temperature eggs hatched fish care big sell fish fed special foods makes grow faster larger fish eat raised hatcheries catfish salmon trout fish raised hatcheries give reasons think fish hatcheries idea mammals warm blooded animals hair birds warm blooded animals feathers fish cold blooded animals live water gills match word part picture snakes lizards turtles reptiles reptiles covered scales skin feel rough dry reptiles cold blooded air warm reptile feels warm cold bodies cold reptile cold move fast reptiles lay eggs eggs laid land babies hatch eggs parents feed babies think babies food reptiles swim breathe water reptiles breathe air lungs reptiles color things
animals things weather winter animals move places weather warm animals babies spring winter daytime shorter nighttime dark afternoon places cold wear heavy clothes warm summer daytime longer nighttime sun feels hot wear light clothes cool summer put wet towel dishes put seeds towels cover seeds wet towel put dish warm place put dish cool place check seeds towels wet seeds grew faster tell weather growing seeds weather important fly airplanes air traffic controller tells pilots safe fly rain fog snow wind planes fly air traffic controllers machines help machines tell storms things alike put groups group things classify weather season season change place place wear kinds clothes kinds weather children going trip grouping classifying clothes kind weather girl going weather hot packing light cool clothes
air earth call air gas gas breathe need air live smell taste air air air earth moving wind air move wind push things wind strong wind weak watch clouds windy wind pushes feel air air feel warm cool air feel clean dry air feels wet makes skin feel sticky wet air makes feel hot air feel warm cool wet dry look wind able move look chart find kind wind today check wind later strong wind today change strong think wind tomorrow fun rained children playing rain puddles sun shining puddles soon puddles water heat helps water air heat dry ground wind helps water air helping dry clothes water water air called water vapor making water change water vapor
water vapor air water vapor change water seen water plants morning cool night air changed water vapor water water called dew sun shines plants soon dew air cold high earth cold air water vapor drops water drops water dust air clouds cloud drops bigger bigger drops water heavy float air soon begin fall rain heat sun water water vapor water vapor goes air cold air water vapor drops water drops water mix dust clouds think happen fill glass ice water fill glass warm water let glasses sit minutes feel glasses sides glasses feel tell kinds clouds shapes colors sizes clouds help weather clouds big cover sky look dark water drops rain clouds clouds look cotton balls moving changing shape sun peeks clouds clouds look weather clouds rain clouds
sun light night night light bulbs help light bulbs light light bulbs bright dim things light light places light dark dark closet dark helps closet light room night help tape crayon inside end shoe box cut small hole end box lid roll piece black paper fit hole look box lift lid bit look lid closed lid lifted tell dark light moves straight line sun light moves space hits part earth earth turns part light darkness sun light shines dark side earth call night night light moves hits things path light bounces things straight lines flashlight shines mirror light reflects mirror reflects straight line light move
stand corner classmate turn flashlight aim straight ahead ask student light reaches classmate student stand corner hold mirror light corner light reach classmate mirror reach classmate mirror tell mirror light children zoo clean glass makes easy light moves glass easily children glass glass glass dirty hard light move dirt glass blocks light glass dirty ruler scissors pencil light passes things ruler scissors pencil harder light passes things clearly things light passes things things things room let light things let light things let light chart show things let light find things hold light guess object let light hold light write answers chart things let light things tell helpful let light
shadow body blocks light shadows change move light size shadow change shadow big small look shadow looks turn body shape shadow change kinds shadow shapes ask classmate trace shadow morning sunlight measure length shadow classmate trace shadow noontime measure shadow morning noontime shadow change ways shadow change plays theater light ways person moves lights spotlight hits actor lights bright dim color lights change lights help play happy sad scary find things ways find things read graph need light shadow light sun lamp light moves length shadow graph tells mary shadow times clock morning shadow centimeters clock morning shadow centimeters graph tells happens pat shadow sun moves answer questions
heard boat travels air kind boat hovers water called hovercraft hovercraft touches water start trip touches water end touch water travels water floats cushion air rubber skirt hovercraft looks tube large tire skirt holds air place air pumped boat lift boat water large propellers move forward water slows boat hovercraft move fast touch water boats water quickly travel frozen surface lake erie future hovertrains hovercars change travel moves rubs things moving rough places slows things smooth places things move easily wheels oil things move easily look pictures show rough surfaces show smooth surfaces answer questions picture makes sled move easily sled slow stop sled force hill sled fast grassy hill sled wheels grassy hill write things happening
fishing standing sandy beach sand beach things live ocean living things things live land look pictures unit find animals live ocean looking globe globe map earth blue parts globe show water water land earth water lakes rivers water oceans beach home beach water meets land boy standing beach lakes rivers oceans beaches kinds beaches things rocky beaches sandy beaches beaches crushed shells look map colored clay model brown clay land blue clay water water lakes rivers water land sand lake water pushes sand land makes beach shells part sea animals shells pushed land water makes beach water rubbing sand rocks happens rocks slowly break sand
wind blows sand rocks wind sand scrape rocks scraping rocks sand wind water help beaches rub rocks paper towel look paper towel fell paper towel feel pieces break rocks sailing ocean water ocean water drink drink ocean water ocean water salty drink fresh water fresh water salt water lakes rivers fresh water drink comes lakes rivers water ocean moving waves wind moves water times ocean water moves beach happens called low tide times ocean water moves closer beach happens called high tide small animals plants live beach walk beach low tide look rocks puddles find ocean animals plants animals hold tight rocks look fresh water smell sip tastes mix spoonful salt water find looks smells tastes salt water look taste smell fresh water makes salt water fresh water
plant living things live pond tiny picture microscope plant living things called algae roots stems leaves flowers food algae plants plants act animals plant food ways green plant food leaves catch food called venus flytrap leaves venus flytrap tiny hairs insects touch hairs leaves close tightly plant insects food rub dust slice bread put bread slice apple plastic bag put drops water bag close bag put bag warm place look days food tell think alive farmers sun farmers dark cave lights hats help mushrooms need sunlight grow dark damp places farmers plant mushrooms trays add decaying plant animal material trays mushrooms materials food places soil poor grow crops scientists found grow crops soil helping eat places soil poor
awake asleep body energy walking running talking sleeping energy study eat watch tv body move body energy run swim jump body lot energy person energy energy body needs comes food meat bread milk fruit vegetables foods give energy help grow eating kinds healthy foods energy need grow strong busy body tired night sleep important getting sleep helps body ready busy school children park parks playgrounds yards safe places play safe play street parked cars safe play water empty buildings safe play home safety rules follow play safety important play inside play stairs fall hurt play tools tools adult things garden cleaning hurt breathe taste things medicine help sick medicine harm medicine medicines parents caring adult doctor
riding bicycle sure working properly bicycle needs brakes needs reflectors light night riding things bicycles pictures safe follow safety rules riding bike road ride side road obey traffic signs correct hand signals watch cars trucks things stay safe riding car seat belt buckle car moves sure car doors closed locked stay seated leave belt car stops follow school bus safety rules wait bus safe place arms head inside bus window talk quietly stay seat cross feet front bus cross bus draw shapes red paper cut shapes put small dots glue shape sprinkle sliver glitter glue place shapes piece black paper turn lights shine flashlight shapes shape easier shape bicycle reflector reflectors help safe night rain shine school crossing guard stands busy street guard helps children cross safely wait curb street crossing guard guard stop cars safe guard tell cross look ways cross quickly
planet earth moves sun takes days earth travel sun trip sun called revolution revolution movement object object revolutions earth sun born earth revolutions sun warms earth sun heat sun keeps earth warm part earth tilted nearest sun warmest seasons summer part earth live tilted sun farther sun winter season live earth tilted sun look picture page earth movement spins axis think earth axis imaginary line running north pole south pole north pole point farthest north earth south pole point farthest south spinning earth axis called rotation earth makes rotation hours boy spinning basketball finger earth spins axis basketball spinning night let earth light sun side facing sun receives light
look night sky earth natural satellite moon shining looking don hundreds satellites orbiting earth humans satellites small space need telescope sputnik human satellite launched ago satellites launched think satellites help information help send information information satellites satellites weather satellites communications satellites weather satellites pictures clouds send pictures information earth communications satellites send television radio signals favorite live tv shows beamed set satellites satellites help ship plane danger sends signal help satellite pick signal flash help kind communications satellite helps shorten takes distance telephone call lets phone person side quickly phone town communications satellites called intelsat send telephone calls moment think kinds communications satellites
reason stars look brighter closer earth stars farther look bright liked look stars ago gave names groups stars shapes sky seen shapes night sky groups stars called constellations look pictures constellation called draco dragon group stars seen constellation find dragon sky connect stars straight lines picture dragon drawn stars constellation constellations sky hard find let look constellations easy animal pictures bear stars constellation think shape left looks bear story constellation passed american indians tale brothers saw bear cave night bear knew brothers put net seen cave bear sleeping brothers tried cave trapped net constellation bear look picture find smaller constellation
beach looked beaches small rocks pebbles sand bits shell part beach look picture think rocks small tell think rocks change look pictures chapter read section titles pages change section title questions words begin questions share questions classmate mind read chapter suppose bird flew rock ago dropped seed rock tree grows crack rock tree roots change rock finish section able explain rocks changed weathering give examples weathering rocks stay look closely mountain sides bottom smaller rocks broken mountain rocks mountain changed broken breaking rocks smaller pieces called weathering weathering happen let find tiny plants grow rocks plants growing mountain rocks rocks eaten plants rocks break rocks look plants rocks cracks
side view soil shown find soil side road look bottom bottom rocks rocks smaller top soil dark roots soil soil forms layers top layer soil called topsoil dark twigs leaves plants grow top layer subsoil lighter topsoil light brown yellow red pebbles sand clay bottom layer soil called bedrock large pieces rock soil important plants animals plants grow soil eat food grown soil animals live soil soils look materials soils sand sandy soils hold water sand small pieces quartz type soil clay soil clay soil small pieces mineral quartz clay soil holds water put water clay soil soil feels smooth type soil loam loam sand clay humus humus parts dead plants animals soil dark pour topsoil paper spread let dry look hand lens separate things found topsoil groups sizes
earth changed ago things lived sea fossils ancient found fossils help scientists learn ancient thick forests plants forests died piled layers rock covered dead plants heavy rocks pressed plants changed plants coal coal today ago fossils tell stories picture shows large reptile lived earth ago reptiles cold blooded animals turtles snakes ago reptiles look picture reptile turtle james jensen dinosaur jim retired dr jensen scientist brigham young university fossil hunter found dinosaur fossils found largest seen america colorado collected bones dinosaur seen dinosaur called ultrasauraus bone sticking ground clue dig dr jensen digs carefully want fossils broken farmers help look fossil spots dr jensen uncovers fossil thinks imagine sunlight shine animal buried
places earth heat sun live places heat homes heat homes live heat comes burning fuel burned heat fuel fuel heat water washing dishes bathing wood coal oil gas fuels kind fuel home wood fireplaces wood burns cook barbeque need charcoal charcoal burns heat cooks food home food cooked gas stove burning gas flame picture filling tank house oil oil burned heat air water house place folded newspaper windowsill sunlight put black white paper newspaper wait minutes touch paper paper warmer paper cooler write sentence activity tell happen colors construction paper heat sun heat homes picture shows house heated sun pipes carry water glass roof sun heats water pipes heated water travels pipes sinks showers bathtubs house heated water heats air house
anne window thermometer thermometer measures hot cold thermometer shown margin thermometers measure temperature temperature amount hotness coldness look closely thermometer numbers stand degrees temperature measured units called degrees lines mark degrees red liquid thermometer liquid moves temperature thermometer kinds scales scales numbers lines measuring left side thermometer fahrenheit scale invented named fahrenheit scale side celsius scale celsius invented scale look picture celsius scale liquid line marked temperature small circle means degree top thermometer stands celsius look picture stands fahrenheit temperature fahrenheit scale learned freezing boiling chapter temperature matter freezes called freezing point freezing point water temperature rises snowing happen snow turn rain temperature matter boils boiling point boiling point water place thermometer warm water liquid thermometer stops moving read temperature
learned heat matter heating technician plans repairs equipment controls temperatures buildings technicians help scientists plan test equipment training needed job technician learned forms matter physicist studies matter energy space physicists study area physics matter physicists study light sound physicists studied mathematics science college matter weight takes space forms matter solids liquids gases heat liquids evaporate gases water gas water vapor forms changing gas liquid called condensation solids liquids gases expand heated contract cooled fuel burned heat temperature measured degrees thermometer solution mixture formed dissolving solid liquid liquid oxygen gas change matter unit learned communicate learned look photograph page list tell think ed snowball melting town types fuel heat homes cook food write paragraph describing fuel family living non living things picture tell difference chapter learn tell living thing
today wee beasties called bacteria bacteria cell small thousands fit head pin bacteria complete living things cell living thing larger living thing food grows moves reproduces things cell hard imagine bacteria live earth live bacteria blades grass bacteria food things live bacteria live human body harm body disease bacteria live food food spoil help food bacteria help buttermilk sour cream need powerful microscope bacteria classroom microscope small living things shown pictures margin leeuwenhoek found things pond water belongs group animal creatures called protozoans bacteria protozoans cell complete living things type protozoan paramecium slipper shaped creature circled moving hairs paramecium moves water waving hairs hairs food mouth mouth hole side paramecium
celled algae move tiny algae thread whips water moving whips celled organism moves animals hungry eat organisms protozoans hungry eat organisms plants need eat organisms plants food algae food algae food non living things look picture read paragraph food cell needs energy chloroplasts inside cell trap energy sun water needed water enters cell cell wall finally type gas called carbon dioxide needed gas enters cell cell wall energy sun cell turns water gas food oxygen food cell oxygen living things green plants called food factories food non living things algae food factories algae food live grow protozoans fish creatures eat algae happens food food factories algae plant organisms cell groups cells algae food food living things answer complete sentences pond scum color simplest algae
lee problem box pins fell rug pick pins hurting fingers finish section able strongest parts magnet tell ends magnets affect explain magnet compass tell direction lee magnet pick pins rug pins stick ends magnet ends magnet called poles magnets strongest poles ends magnet pick pins magnets north pole south pole letter written north pole magnet letter written south pole brought pole magnet pole magnet happened think thing happen brought poles bring north pole magnet south pole magnet poles pull north pole south pole unlike poles unlike poles pull bring north pole magnet north pole magnet happen poles push thing happen south poles brought north poles poles poles push
tundra cold animals hardy animals live let learn animals caribou type deer look caribou picture page large herds groups caribou roam tundra summer wide hoofs sink soggy soil caribou tundra eat grass lichens winter herds caribou migrate move south migrate forests find food warm winter wear heavy coat arctic animals grow thick coats winter winter coats animals white guess summer arctic hare brown fur winter fur white hare lives open tundra burrow storms hides deep snow white coat protect winter lemmings common animals tundra small animals look fat mice thousands lemmings live burrows ground eat grass berries arctic plants lemmings burrows watch foxes guess foxes eat lemmings foxes grow thick fur coats winter look pictures margin top picture shows foot arctic fox summer
algae small seen microscope billions algae form masses green surface ocean tiny algae animals live ocean called plankton picture shows plankton shrimp animals krill algae diatoms fish eat plankton largest animal earth animal blue whale largest animal earth times larger elephant blue whale migrates oceans looks plankton summer blue whale arctic ocean winter feeds warm ocean waters farther south blue whale teeth baleen plates hang upper jaw baleen acts strainer whale hungry takes large amounts ocean water plankton baleen plates strain plankton blue whale eats tons tons plankton fish eat plankton fish eat plankton young herrings eat plankton adults herrings common fish large schools groups herrings swim oceans animals live upper parts ocean lots food places strange animals live cold dark part deep ocean shown page called anglerfish
frogs live live ponds heard sound jug er rum sound bullfrog bullfrog large frog bullfrogs centimeters inches bullfrog eats insects fish frogs birds young frogs tadpoles eat algae water plants small animals spring summer bullfrogs live water edge pond winter comes bullfrog digs burrow mud bottom pond sleeps burrow winter burrow keeps bullfrog warm animals live ponds shown picture page insect wings dragonfly beautiful gray brown insects mayflies brownish black diving beetle light markings water diving beetle breathes openings body dives bottom pond carries bubble air legs lets stay underwater insects eat eat bugs tiny fish small water animals turn eaten bullfrogs large fish fish live ponds yellow perch bullhead find fish picture large bird blue heron comes pond grab fish beak
pretend machine shown picture machine movie movie took trip center earth machine able drill straight hard rock learn earth understand seen surface inside earth form earth imagine drilling center earth find finish section able layers earth compare layers earth inside apple describe layers earth find inside softball simple rip cover ball unwind string boy picture finding inside earth easy peel earth open look inside don machines travel deep earth clues earthquakes volcanoes help guesses inside earth clues finish unit scientists study earth called geologists geologists think earth layers compare layers earth inside apple look pictures page apple earth layers
sudden movements earth crust called earthquakes earthquake earth crust shakes earthquake occurs crust moves buckles cracks bends earth crust thin compared rest earth thin skin apple crust earth wrinkle skin apple earthquakes deep earth km miles surface crust earthquakes deeper earth deep km miles geologists records earthquakes happen look map page red dot shows large earthquake place recent earthquakes occur parts crust red dots called earthquake belt earthquakes happen places earth earthquake objects surface crust shake loose soil rocks slide hillsides buildings stone clay crack chance fire buildings shake gas pipes snap gases catch fire leak pipes city san francisco big earthquake quake fires broke houses wood city burned ground rocks crust crack move place rocks move called fault faults cracks earth crust
diagrams show volcano forms magma forms pool deep earth cracks form rocks magma pool magma slowly moves cracks magma nears surface pressure builds rocks begin push force magma oozes times volcano explodes material thrown air magma reach surface flow land geologists call lava flow mountain formed called volcanic mountain materials volcanoes clues tell inside earth inside earth hot inside earth changing mt st helens exploding volcano erupts rocks ash tossed air ash rock cool fall pile volcano opening finally cone shaped mountain forms volcanoes explode mt st helens hawaiian islands tops volcanoes reach ocean floor active volcanoes hawaii island photo page called mauna loa mauna loa erupts quietly lava hot flows sides mountain hot air lava burns trees plants path lava cools slows stops look map page blue dot shows active volcano earth surface
light sun reflects flat mirror mirror tilted angle angle light reflects eye person looked periscope periscope mirrors corners mirrors mirror reflects light beams mirror mirror reflects light beams eyes mirror direction light change position mirror direction reflected light beam light beam reflected happens mirror directly front light beam light beam reflects mirror angle hits mirror reflects opposite direction want signal person hold mirror light reflects person seen light reflected mirror seen periscope works diagram shows mirrors periscope reflect light submarine light water reflected periscope captain sees reflection mirror main ideas light beams reflected mirrors light bounces mirror angle hits mirror periscope mirrors corners questions answer complete sentences light hitting mirror ball thrown flat wall
procedure place plastic shoe box sheet black paper fill shoe box water mix drops milk water shine light box straight side shoe box spray water beam light look light beam try bend light moving light box position happens path light beam changing angle light beam affect path light beam water light beam bend record draw diagram light beam path observed bending light explains puddles water roads puddles water called mirages hot sun heats road makes layer hot air road light passing cooler air hits hot air bent difference cool warm air bend light passes light bends reflection blue sky reflection looks puddle water diagram shows kinds mirages distant objects mountains float air main ideas light moves material beams bent questions answer complete sentences happens beam light passes material
harold edgerton born curious photography box camera introduced taking pictures difficult skilled photographers box camera cost easy picture pressing button early harold edgerton exciting contribution photography invented electronic flash edgerton invention high speed photography electronic flash flashed rapidly electronic flash edgerton able stop action pictures scientists stop action pictures study things moving fast seen photograph series rocket launching pictures show exact moment rocket lifts cameras mars bottom sea harold edgerton electronic flashes fitted cameras helps places travel seen rainbow rainbows rain shower finish section able explain prism split light colors identify colors light spectrum describe rainbow formed piece glass shown called prism prism breaks white light group colors called spectrum colors spectrum red orange yellow green blue indigo violet
rains prepared dark clouds form rain begins fall rainwater rain finish section able explain dew point explain water vapor air describe water moves water cycle water moves air ground suppose place saucer water windowsill later water water dried saucer changed gas change liquid gas called evaporation gas goes air water form gas called water vapor water vapor air change liquid happens air cooled water vapor condense surface blade grass condensation happens water vapor liquid water temperature water vapor condenses called dew point temperature air falls dew point water forms grass water vapor needs object condense clouds form water vapor condenses dust air dust clouds water vapor condenses drops water larger heavier fall earth precipitation symbols margin kinds precipitation daily weather chart
stir red food coloring hot water stir blue food coloring cold water piece plastic cardboard divide plastic box halves pour hot water half box cold water half predict happen lift divider slowly lift watch happens kinds water met hot water kind air mass cold water kind air mass kind front model high troposphere fast moving stream air called jet stream moves west east goes zone mixing jet stream helps mix warm cold air masses helps move west east places cold warm air masses meet called fronts cold air pushing warm air cold front warm air pushing warm front look drawing cold front front edge cold air mass steep pushes warm air ground quickly rising warm air cools clouds form cold fronts bring showers thunder lightning shower air cold front clear cooler fair weather cumulus clouds carried clear cooler air drawing page shows warm front sloping
give weather reports forecasts television meteorologists computers instruments tv station radar satellite pictures information helps predict weather weather forecasters studied meteorology college national oceanographic atmospheric administration noaa boulder colorado scientists noaa ways operate satellites observe earth environment study earth atmosphere oceans study effects pollution national weather service reports weather forecasts blanket air covers earth called atmosphere air moves places high pressure places low pressure air mass large amount air uniform temperature humidity forms place process water falling surface earth returning air called water cycle hurricanes thunderstorms tornadoes blizzards kinds violent storms meteorologists scientists collect information weather information weather forecasts unit learned scientists communicate learned look chart weather symbols top page look weather map bottom page find georgia map draw outline predict georgia weather week draw weather symbols outline show prediction write weather bulletin georgia week date drawing
children playing game tug war children ice sliding finish section able explain friction affects objects identify friction think fair game unfair correct children ice pulled easily move children standing ground reason friction force acts objects rub slide friction keeps objects moving friction ground children shoes keeps sliding children standing ground win smooth surfaces friction rough surfaces takes force move object rough surface smooth surface suppose want push heavy box ground lot friction box ground makes pushing box hard putting blanket box reduces friction blanket slides easily ground moving box easier box slide easily polished floor friction helpful friction fire early humans found rubbing sticks caused sticks hot friction sticks hot fire bicycle brakes rubber brakes rubs metal wheel friction surfaces wheels slow
high surface earth living things found deep oceans organisms live questions answered scientists special tools equipment discover limits biosphere scientists need tools information places live special balloons submarines help find organisms living places thought living things record high living goes tiny organisms called bacteria scientists found bacteria living altitude km mi times higher jet fly scientists found bacteria leaving ground put bacteria traps special helium balloons balloon taller washington monument skin amazing balloons thin kitchen garbage bag help research balloons scientists high biosphere reaches deep biosphere scientists traveled bottom ocean answer question research submarine alvin took biologists km mi ocean surface pressure water crush subs biologists alvin found strange forms sea seen found giant tube worms giant clams found fish light help dark water ocean found deeper scientists research ship robot catch fish km mi water
animal plant populations counted ways hard count animals move hard find counted live places hard biologists ways mark animals count bands put legs animals birds animals rabbits marked ears radios put animals bears deer biologists follow radio signals scientists counting plant populations counting plant suppose want flowers field count flower mark field squares count flowers square multiply number number squares idea flowers field try method idea number flowers field page region roped bags beans spread region measure area roped region bend triangle wire coat hanger square cm side close eyes drop wire square ground count number beans square record number chart repeat step times places add numbers bean count column total count divide total find average count estimate total number beans roped area
adirondack mountains york large bird perches cliff suddenly keen eyes spot field mouse valley bird dives cliff nearly km hour mph catches prey remarkable bird peregrine falcon superb flier skillful hunter nearly extinct peregrine falcons common sight high cliffs united states number falcons began smaller smaller insect spray called ddt farmers ddt protect crops insects small birds reptiles mammals ate sprayed crops falcons ate small animals consuming ddt ddt caused eggs falcons laid thin shells eggs broke females sat falcon population small early law passed ddt united states scientists began looking ways build peregrine falcon population newly laid eggs falcon nest plastic eggs put nest adult birds leaving real eggs hatched laboratory chicks returned nest wild wild adult falcons accept care programs save peregrine falcon working falcons seen north greenland south dominican republic
nature ways balancing farm cat living mouse trap affects number mice live community think happen number mice cat leaves dies finish section able explain effect community food web part tell nature balances look food web shown simple involves water plants algae insects frogs snakes eagle pond food web organisms energy live eagle energy eating snakes snakes eat frogs frogs eat insects insects eat plants think happen snake population eagles died increase snake population affect frog population answers questions help understand nature balances let find scientists believed deer arizona danger killed predators puma wolf coyote scientists tried solve problem killing predators deer population larger ate green plants ate tiny young trees destroyed forest deer find food began starve death killing deer predators idea story shows plants animals community depend survive
forest rangers protect plants animals live forests forest rangers help animals hurt sick nature walks teach kinds living things forest rangers look fires fires started careless conservation means protecting guarding conservationists try protect endangered plants animals outdoors fields forests mountains conservationists study air pollution harms plants animals boats test water pollution conservationists study humans affect animals plants community plants animals live area place lives community habitat process photosynthesis green plants light change carbon dioxide water food oxygen animals oxygen give carbon dioxide living things food called producers living things eat plants animals called consumers decomposers living things dead organisms decay decaying process helps soil air water materials plants food animals food chain food travels community food webs connected food chains unit learned infer look diagram photosynthesis page diagram infer answers questions think source carbon dioxide
santa margarita sank coast florida storm today divers recovered gold jewels shipwreck order locate ship studied ocean bottom finish section able describe compare main parts ocean bottom describe structure ocean floor thought ocean bottom completely flat true areas flat plains land ocean bottom high low places similar mountains valleys found land ocean bottom divided main parts part called continental shelf continental shelf starts part land live ends part continent covered water continental shelf shallowest part ocean average depth meters feet end continental shelf land plunges downward sharply part ocean bottom called continental slope ocean ft deep bottom continental slope think word slope describe occurs part ocean bottom called ocean floor begins continental slope ends ocean floor covers ocean bottom part ocean floor flat called abyssal plain scientists thought ocean bottom smooth flat
blow equator winds move east west winds called trade winds look diagram bottom page find equator find red arrows show blowing trade winds winds blow equator move west east winds called westerlies find blue arrows show blowing westerlies trade winds westerlies blow push ocean water direction giant circling current results look diagram red arrows show circling currents blue arrows show winds currents find numbers show part current atlantic ocean called gulf stream numbers show current pacific ocean called california current think currents read ocean surface currents surface caused sun heat sun warms ocean water sun evenly heat ocean water equator ocean water warm think ocean water cold cold water moves bottom ocean think slowly sinking bottom cold water north south poles sinks ocean bottom cold water slowly moves equator warm water equator moves poles replace sinking cold water
energy comes burning oil coal natural gas fuels heat light homes run cars machinery oil coal natural gas inside earth forever supplies quickly scientists eager find ways produce electricity heat source power ocean wind moves ocean water waves form waves powerful scientists searched ways turn power electric power succeeded norway engineers developed energy waves provide electric power town wave power plant built norway atlantic coast works waves hitting shore force water bottom high tower waves enter air inside tower pushed air drawn waves move ocean movement air turns blades pinwheel machine tower machine step producing electricity wave power able supply energy need coastal communities island nations island nations japan britain working develop ocean wave energy technology lets power ocean important society
sound spread source school basketball game played referee blows whistle call foul players hear whistle stop playing fans hear whistle sitting court hear sound sitting high bleachers source sound vibrating air passing whistle sound spreads directions matter source sound spread directions barrier front source sound stopped whistle heard gym barrier keeps unwanted noise heard inside recording room light spreads directions lamp turned dark room light reaches parts room light reaches ceiling floor walls happen barrier front light source fact sound light energy spread directions important didn light room turning overhead light wouldn hear radio corner room spreading energy problem problem wanted lot light sound reach spot look photos show sound light aimed ways direct sound energy light energy
bats flying air common dolphins swimming ocean scientists mapping ocean floor echoes help navigate bats dolphins live dark places hard depend eyes guide depend ears bat dolphin sounds travel sounds form echoes able hear echoes locate objects places scientists need build ocean pipeline platform oil rig start building location chosen scientists map ocean floor side scan sonography method echoes locate objects forms deep ocean ship sends sound bottom ocean device called echosounder sound reflected ship signal sound signals recorded picture called sonograph sonograph shows map ocean floor checking map scientists sure build areas undersea disturbed recently engineers searching underwater oil sonography map floor bering sea surprise sonographs showed strange deep pits sandy bottom engineers wondered pits discovered amazing fact gray whales visit area feed
watson want words voice message carried telephone alexander graham bell spoke words bell chat watson took place distance buildings telephone send voice messages city city country country telephone sound waves air changed pattern electrical energy electrical energy wires modern telephones shapes sizes part telephone speak called transmitter inside transmitter metal disc speak metal disc vibrates vibrates pattern voice pattern carried electricity telephone wires electricity travels wires telephone receiver receiver part telephone hear receiver electricity goes metal disc vibrates original sound heard listener bell spoke watson happened thomas edison phonograph edison phonograph sounds recorded record record cylinder grooves grooves tinfoil singer sang horn vibrating horn caused needle vibrate vibrating needle moved grooves pattern tinfoil play record phonograph needle phonograph moved grooves record
surprised learn muscles body builder bulging muscles body builder lie surface body muscles lie deep body finish section able describe muscular system locate biceps triceps describe differences voluntary involuntary muscles guess muscles body body muscles body system called muscular system muscular system makes move place place muscles organs body heart function muscles acting blood vessels move blood body food wastes moved body muscles muscles connect skin bone skin skin read book muscles pulling bones arms hands hold book turn pages muscles pulling book turning pages muscles pulling bones seated upright small muscles eyes read read eyelids move move eyes able blink want stop blinking forever blinking movement completely control
think paper moving charged comb negative charges moving place place negative charges called electrons electrons tiny invisible produce static electricity moving electrons place place rubbing objects electrons move object walk rug rub electrons rug shoes touch metal object doorknob happens spark feel mild shock electrons travel feet body electrons travel fingers doorknob spark clouds build huge numbers extra electrons happens giant spark jumps cloud cloud cloud ground call giant spark lightning lightning billions electrons moving place place matter negative positive charges charges repel unlike charges attract negative charges move object object causing static electricity answer complete sentences object electrically charged negatively charged object differ positively charged object give negative charges object place happens negatively charged object brought close positively charged object happens negatively charged objects brought lightning static electricity
circuits path electrons paths circuit series circuit parallel circuit happen bulbs circuit burned happen bulbs circuit burned diagram circuit series circuit path electrons bulb burned bulb circuit parallel circuit charges path path bulb burns affected lights appliances home school wired parallel circuits shut appliance light appliances stay think problems home wired series circuit small lamp burned current flow appliances stop working look diagrams diagram circuit home think tv shut refrigerator stays tv shut refrigerator stops working noticed electrical wires appliances warm touch wires heat bit current moves current passing wire big safety problem fires start circuits home school safety device called fuse
frog jumps pond children listen insects buzz tall weeds dogs run grass animals plants surprised things common things frogs children weeds dogs alive living things alike finish section able describe ways living things alike describe scientists classify living things groups explain classifying things groups living things sizes shapes earth fly high air live ground homes ground living things swim sea crawl sea floor burrow beneath smallest living things seen powerful microscopes largest living animal blue whale meters feet fact blue whale larger animal lived including dinosaur blue whale largest living thing record belongs giant redwood tree redwoods grow tall meters feet living things smallest largest share characteristics characteristic helps set things characteristics set living things things alive living things need food grow change
picture show strange crystals creatures look creatures town finish section able describe viruses living nonliving things tell protists plants animals explain bacteria classified picture shows tiny structures shaped crystals attacking living organism cell crystal virus viruses real scientific puzzles viruses small period end sentence hold viruses hundreds viruses fit inside single cell learned nucleus holds kind blueprint running cell viruses similar blueprint wrapped protective layer virus blueprints blueprints inside living cells master plan thing making viruses viruses blueprints happen inside living cell virus attacks virus injects blueprint living cell virus blueprint blocks cell blueprint working virus blueprint runs cell cell begins making viruses cell keeps making viruses store food energy cell dies membrane bursts hundreds viruses spill attack cells diagram shows process
think house plant air pollution fighter according scientists spider plant fight air pollution living room indoor pollutants easy identify sniff reveal household cooking odors tobacco smoke gas leaks pollutants odors plastic furniture paneling indoors give pollutants smell insulated buildings pollutants build stay air health problems nasa scientist studying ways clean air spacecraft discovery help earth experimented house plants air cleaners created airtight space inside spacecraft sealed clear plastic container size dishwasher put kinds plants pumped gases plant filled container scientists found plants absorbed gases tiny openings leaves measured took kind plant absorb gases found kinds philodendron spider plants fastest absorbers fifteen twenty plants working clean air average size house scientist space technology research helped surprising spacecraft ground learned indoor air fresh clean spider green
stars balls hot gases flame stars high temperature blue blue white color red stars lower temperatures yellow orange stars medium temperatures chart lists names stars colors surface temperatures color star sun look stars night stars look brighter brightness star called magnitude star magnitude depends size temperature distance earth brightest star night sky sirius proxima centauri closest star earth star brightest daytime sky stars sizes smallest stars larger earth small stars called dwarfs stars swell large called giants course large stars called supergiants observing stars scientists interesting hypothesis think stars exist die stars begin giant clouds dust gas parts giant cloud pull parts particles matter move closer closer happens temperature cloud rises stars temperature reaches million degrees cloud begins glow keeps shrinking size inside nuclear reactions place energy released space energy reaches earth light glowing star
aids disease immune system aids stands acquired immunodeficiency syndrome disease caused virus aids lose protection diseases aids virus spread contact aids infected blood body fluids scientists believe aids spread touching disease coming contact saliva touching things excretory system filters wastes intestines bloodstream eliminates body waste removed kidneys organs located middle side spine watery waste materials stored urine bladder eliminated lungs main organs respiratory system lungs jobs put oxygen blood inhale breathe remove carbon dioxide gas exhale breathe endocrine system glands occur pairs times glands put tiny amounts powerful chemicals blood chemicals regulate body activities including rate timing body growth lifetime endocrine system controls reproductive system enables person children learned system controls body systems nervous system functions complex computer brain nerves senses receive information carry interpret direct rapidly body think feel passes electric messages nervous system
drug substance change person mind body drugs prescribed medicine doctor drugs kill germs reduce pain relieve signs stress help person fall asleep drugs doctor advice drugs medicine change feel drugs called drug abuse abuse drugs alcohol ways harmful illegal drug abuse lead drug dependency drug dependency strong need drug person taking drug harmful depend drugs lead normal lives tobacco depend tobacco drug called nicotine tobacco develop need drug soon dependent tobacco harmful health ways tobacco damages person mouth throat heart lungs coughing bad breath lead heart attacks cancer avoid problems tobacco alcohol drug wine beer liquor affects person nervous system alcohol interferes person reflexes coordination judgment thinking person drinking alcohol confused alcohol especially dangerous young powerful affect young adults small bodies liquid dilute alcohol
object motion moving slow rate fast rate determine fast slow need speed object speed distance object moves amount find speed moving object divide distance object moved traveled took move formula finding speed looks distance york los kilometers miles trip jet plane hours speed jet plane formula solve problem divide kilometers hours speed kilometers hour speed car measured number kilometers miles traveled hour speed foot race measured meters run pictures bottom page show boy starting finishing meter race times stop watch shown seconds seconds boy run race boy running speed meters boy ran speed ran direction term velocity describe motion velocity speed object direction heard velocity word speed scientist speed fast object moving
takes force accelerate object large mass small mass look pictures boy pushing wheelbarrow wheelbarrow appears larger mass wheelbarrow require force move boy pushes wheelbarrows amount force wheelbarrows accelerate empty wheelbarrow accelerate faster mass takes force accelerate smaller mass object accelerates faster force larger object mass smaller newton law motion idea explains faster acceleration empty wheelbarrow explains ability racing car accelerate quickly powerful engine exerts large force lightweight car frame ordinary car larger engine small mass quick acceleration look picture girl dog girl exerting force dog effect force say decelerating dog slowing scientists exact term say causing negative acceleration dog moving forward girl exerting backward force force pushes pulls object opposite direction moving negative acceleration result decrease velocity words dog slows force pushes pulls object direction object moving positive acceleration
compared earth mass objects earth mass force gravity small desk chair move reason objects move force preventing moving photograph shows girl pushing heavy box floor push lot force move full box start overcome inertia box overcome force friction created box rubbing floor friction force resists motion friction occurs object slides object box slides floor resists sliding movement larger mass box greater friction reason easier push empty box full smaller force pushing box floor friction box fewer books girl find easier push find easier push floor surface bare kind surface affects force friction smooth surfaces slide easily rough surfaces box books slide smooth wooden floor carpeted floor reason easier pull log concrete road rough road sliding friction reduced making surfaces slippery
property mineral reflects light called mineral luster shine minerals shine surface metals minerals metallic luster pyrite shiny looks metal gold minerals luster glass quartz glassy looking mineral dull luster terms applied luster mineral pearly earthy silky describe luster pencil tip shown left calcite easy mineral identify calcite mineral bubbles fizzes acid texture refers mineral feels touch minerals feel smooth feel rough graphite greasy texture graphite pencils minerals identified hardness diamond hardest mineral talc softest scratch test find mineral hardness test hardness scale shown mineral scale scratch minerals lower number diamond scratch minerals listed think mineral scratch diamond knowing minerals rock clue rock identity trying identify rocks clues needed let find clues igneous rocks identified placement minerals minerals fit pieces jigsaw puzzle igneous rocks identified minerals
group rock layers bottom layer oldest top layer youngest layer forms laid older layer placement rock layers geologists clue earth past knowing order events tells relative age objects relative age tell exact event happened date object tells object older tells event happened folds layers sedimentary rock show relative age folds occur point layers formed finding relative age easy task geologists able tell top layers sedimentary rock movements earth bend rock layers older layers pushed top younger able tell rock shown upside geologist look marks currents water moving sediments sand mud marks remain sediments rock marks called ripple marks ripple marks rock shown tops ripple marks face upward drawing help geologist reads rocks geologist standing base small cliff bottom finds gneiss surface surface
index fossils find age rock layers farther trilobites found rocks york ohio iowa mean rocks places formed index fossils tell age rocks range geologists exact measuring rock age rocks substances change decay kind substance special substances called radioactive substances uranium radioactive substance found rocks slowly lead slowly fact takes billion half uranium rock change lead length called half half length takes half amount radioactive substance change knowing half radioactive substances find exact age rock finding equal amounts uranium lead mean half uranium changed lead rock billion rock found oldest known rocks billion located greenland rocks shown margin picture yosemite valley billion uranium lead method date rocks million date younger rocks fossils carbon radiocarbon method
kind chemical reaction works opposite substances broken elements simpler compounds water broken elements hydrogen oxygen occurs electrical energy passed water kinds chemical reactions burning wood rusting iron chemical reactions reactions substances properties formed ways tell chemical reaction place forming gas add vinegar baking soda bubbles gas carbon dioxide form forming gas telling chemical change place change color add iodine starch starch turns dark blue iodine forms compound starch dark blue color sugar heated melts bubbles turns brown sugar turns brown sticky substance called caramel section unit learned chemical change iron reacts oxygen air turns red brown forming rust red brown color sign chemical reaction place production heat light common reaction kind called combustion combustion occurs oxygen combines quickly substance fireworks combustion reactions colors metals fireworks kind metal color burns place combustion needs oxygen modern chemistry began scientists discovered importance oxygen chemical reactions
weight logs fireplace burned suppose weigh products reaction including gases formed find weight substances reaction think reaction vinegar baking soda vinegar liquid reacts baking soda solid produce gas carbon dioxide weigh substances react prove weights chemical reaction matter created destroyed statement known law conservation matter scientific laws law describes nature behaves scientific law tested times found true law conservation matter true substances burn answer question think flashbulbs camera bulb oxygen magnesium wire sealed inside bulb flashed magnesium burns oxygen forms magnesium oxide magnesium oxide white powder inside burned flashbulbs weight flashbulb flashed matter able sealed bulb amount matter stays form wood burns matter disappear ashes don gases formed weight substances oxygen burn equal weight ashes gases
carbohydrates fats supply body energy carbohydrates divided groups sugars starches fats supply energy carbohydrates foods nutrient fat fill stay body material builds repairs body called protein body needs protein order grow growing need protein adult meat milk cheese eggs foods high protein animals source protein foods plants source protein peas beans vegetables supply protein building repairing body protein energy vitamins nutrients needed body small amounts scientists discovered vitamins needed body growth activity foods eat especially vegetables supply vitamins needed health extra vitamins form vitamin pills small amounts vitamins help stay healthy large doses vitamin pills ordered doctor nutrients known minerals needed body small amounts minerals form parts body minerals calcium phosphorus build bones teeth vitamins minerals needed maintenance upkeep human body nutrients needed growth repair living cell body cell smallest unit living things
alcohol depressant depressant drug slows action nervous system includes brain spinal cord alcohol slows body ability react alcohol drive car studies show heavy drinking destroys cells brain caffein drug speeds action nervous system found coffee tea chocolate soft drinks caffeine loss appetite sleep disturbances drinks photograph caffein amphetamines barbiturates commonly abused drugs amphetamines called uppers speed nervous system barbiturates called downers slow nervous system drugs prescribed doctors small amounts abused drugs speed heartbeat lead heart failure hallucinogen drug users hear feel users imagine things exist marijuana pot hallucinogen scientists studying effects marijuana report smoking pot damage heart lungs smoking tobacco drug slow reactions smoker chemicals marijuana stay brain weeks smoking pot pcp hallucinogen known angel dust dangerous users large amounts drug loss consciousness death pcp stays system drug behavior violent rages
conserve mineral resources conserve energy resources process reusing resources known recycling recycle resources means send cycle cars recyling bodies cars steel cars worn melted steel thousands storage batteries put cars batteries material recycled batteries metals lead copper brass bronze aluminum recycled recycling saves deal energy takes times energy ton aluminum ore aluminum cans recycled aluminum products pots pans glass bottles recycled soda pop milk glass bottles buyers paid deposit cents bottles returned store deposit returned buyer think reason deposit bottles help roadsides parks cleaner worn materials recycled contribute problem wastes garbage throw garbage happens garbage burned dumped land oceans picture shows garbage dump land dumps unslightly unhealthy surrounding communities
animals plants danger extinct called endangered species kinds animals kinds plants endangered species united states cougar bald eagle list endangered species bison alligator endangered list laws passed protect hunters numbers increasing kinds human activity endanger plants animals ability increase number humans increase spread humans need room build homes factories grow food extend habitat destroy habitat species humans found share habitat wildlife wildlife pushed habitat cougar eagle endangered hunting kind human activity endangers wildlife animal hunted fur hide meat oil species killed species reproduce ago alligator hunted hide swamps lived drained factors alligator shown habitat endangered species bison bottom left picture extinct scientists describe healthy habitat kinds living things variety important habitat fewer kinds species endangered habitat species
today mutations harmful mutations harmful organism die mutations hard organism survive instance deer white color makes visible animals prey white tiger visible color makes hard tiger hide tall grass hunts food white tiger easily seen prey pictures show white tiger normal colored tiger note color tiger bottom photo blends color environment harmful mutations prevent organism surviving reproduce mutations passed mutations passed parent offspring help organism survive mutations reason kinds plants animals earth mutation helps hurts organism depends organism environment siberian husky born thick coat survive cold arctic lives thick coat result mutations occurred ago helpful change passed happen mutation caused husky puppy born hair think puppy survive arctic giraffe neck mutations favored survival think true
adolescence boy shoulders widen muscles develop arms shoulders chest girl hips breasts round mature boy notice voice changing larynx vocal cords growing larger period boy voice cracks squeaks troublesome funny eventually boy voice deeper steady girl voice slightly lower boys girls hair appears arms legs underarms parts body boys begin develop hair chest face sweat glands active adolescence especially arms adolescent sweat younger sweat produces odor want need deodorant oil glands face shoulders chest active glands stopped dirt dead skin cells swell infected skin blemishes obvious occur adolescence adolescent acquire mental powers think remember decide learn feelings emotions develop feel happy moment sad difficult express feelings understand don anymore don discouraged mind important thing feel
thousands helped drugs doctors prescribe medicines lessen pain heal save lives drugs ruin thousands lives occurs drugs illegally cure illness change person feels drugs sick kill illegal drugs called drug abuse offers illegal drugs say kinds accidents require medical care important help victim doctor arrives techniques aid important kinds aid artifical respiration stopping bleeding treatment shock accident victim stopped breathing artificial respiration begun immediately artificial respiration forcing air person lungs person breathing start breathing taking course cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr teach proper give artificial respiration contact local hospital find courses offered area accident victim bleeding try stop blood flow applying direct pressure wound clean cloth hand arm leg bleeding heavily raise part body twelve inches level person heart help slow flow blood wound stop bleeding press hard vein artery wound heart try stop flow blood
trip feel leave happy sad mixed feelings unit read short trips story boy goes door sleep friend house story girl spends weekend granny grandpa read mole wants camping trip duck takes trip find friend story family takes trip home west story tells quilts storybooks help remember things trips read story think questions person feel trip felt person story ira going sleep home decide goes invited sleep reggie house happy slept friend house problem began sister going teddy bear teddy bear friend house kidding going teddy bear slept teddy bear feel sleeping teddy bear
reggie asleep ira teddy bear think ira reggie morning think reggie surprised ira teddy bear boy felt knowing slept teddy bear partner pretend ira pretend reggie turns writing sentences tell boys morning reggie begin writing ira night ira write sentence tells read sentences rest class ira reggie teddy bear happened ago theodore teddy roosevelt hunting trip friends teddy loved hunt happened twenty sixth president president roosevelt rode horseback hoped find bear running going home suddenly noise brush leaves trembled twigs snapped bushes parted sat baby bear president friends waited president roosevelt put gun hurt baby bear roosevelt important person story newspapers york shopkeeper wife read story
inside house look places play house stays grandpa takes hands let play twirling game shouts twirling twirling twirling singing singing singing busy busy busy getting dizzy dizzy dizzy grandpa lets wobble topple land granny lap jenny grandpa says going house catarina catarina granny fat yellow cat nonsense granny catarina live house keeps coming grumbles grandpa wants nonsense granny says catarina living house want house house mouse grandpa laugh grandpa hammer mine bang bang bang catarina finds project boring stay house grandpa keeps coming put grandpa finished house inside granny middle baking blueberry pie help crust put dishes big kitchen table put napkins forks grandpa smack lips grin blueberry pie look funny
north wind began blow blow blow chase hats leaves blown trees danced circles land animals scared sheep bleated oxen bellowed ships harbor sunk fish sea tossed north wind huffed puffed huffed horseman pulled cloak closer turn sun north wind sun smiled land gave warm rays insects hummed bees buzzed birds began sing fine concert animals lay sleep chat horseman began feel hot river horse cloak river sun able warmth north wind force able won contest won think sun wanted contest north wind find north wind going win find sun going win think story telling north wind sun wanted horseman cloak think horseman think going wearing fancy cloak
ago trained predict weather weather watched happening saw animals acted ways weather going change saw wind sky changed began sayings saw happening crows flying side side say weather fair crows fly pairs saw crows stay weather going stormy crow find place hide storm saying crows today says look sun knowing wind blowing helpful weather saying wind wind east beast wind west means weather saying discovered winds blowing east cold winds coming west gentle bringing warmer weather sky looks looks red sailors age saying red sky red sky night sailors delight red sky morning sailors warning sky red glow morning chances storm sky red glow night weather fair
weather wise discovered look signs help predictions predictions predict meanings words look signs endings added words meanings endings mean meanings words let look examples story read sentence knowing wind blowing helpful look word helpful ending ful added word help ending ful mean full able sentence word helpful means able help weather wise read timeless sayings weather ending added word remember means timeless means story read timeless means changed end saying timeless saying read story tell meaning underlined word remember ful means full able means tom forgetful mother thankful remembers eat hopeful remember homework today cold sunless tom snow capless coatless tom hopeless flip loves sunny mornings farm animals don problems
sunflowers grow sides house flowers grow tall inside house shady splendid place read rest sunflower turn face sun matter sun sky sit house watch sunflowers goes sun moves sky heads sunflowers turn follow sun summer end heads sunflowers filled seeds sunflower heavy seeds longer follow sun cut flowers eat seeds wash sunflower seeds spread dry dry split open shell eat inside snack tastes wont eat seeds sunflower garden sunflower hundreds hundreds seeds head don throw seeds eat save winter fill bird feeder sunflower seeds sit watch birds sing supper winter sure save seeds plant sunflower garden spring sunflowers interesting flowers tell plant sunflower garden look picture sunflower think sunny morning
wanted spring find corner walked path woods corner corner spring side asked toad frog pine tree pebbles dry grass walked meadow soon corner corner spring find asked toad frog worm asleep tree stump walked river corner corner look spring asked toad frog wet mud lizard chasing tail tired toad tired frog started rain home frog found corner corner house asked toad corner frog asked toad saw sun coming frog saw birds sitting singing tree saw mother father working garden saw flowers garden found cried toad yes frog happy found corner spring look frog toad rain stopped frog toad hurried
tadpole change frog read find animals live land animals live water animals frogs live part lives land part water frogs sizes largest frogs grow ten inches large frog leap feet hop frogs jumpers legs frog smooth damp skin pick frog leaped pond frog feel cool water pond cool frog warm place body feel warm body temperature frog depending places cold winter season frog sleep winter sleeps leaves logs muddy bottom pond spring frogs lay small eggs eggs hatch swim tadpoles tadpoles called pollywogs tails legs tadpoles live water breathe gills bodies tadpole grows begins change frog skin grows tadpole gills lungs begin grow inside body legs start grow front legs slowly tadpole tail disappears tadpole frog breathes lungs leaps strong legs
woman want buy house buy house want looked wife kind house want want pretty house painted inside asked yes woman nice lawn flowers yes woman chuckled look woman looked saw red house white windows doors white fence white gate inside house saw light yellow blue walls saw lawn flowers surprised pretty house house want woman living house hill wasn gray house problems woman want sell house changing house woman decide sell house find read part story think woman sell house think story read words tell house story read words listed write sentences house looked beginning story
audra exchanges thing thinks lucky agree audra worked mistress dawn audra mistress home mother wages mistress handed audra lump gold big head audra wrapped gold scarf put arm started home soon audra tired carrying heavy gold felt couldn step riding horse nice ride audra carry lump gold home mother trade horse lump gold gladly audra horse grabbed gold audra helped horse gee horse rode audra audra wanted faster gee knew horse threw ditch ran road farmer cow stopped horse audra scrambled feet saw farmer ride horse give walk slowly cow mother milk
winifred likes signs problems signs winifred things kinds things things things big things small things winifred things fast turn lopsided squeaky runny scruffy squiggly rumpled upside inside winifred gave things presents lived street knew say thank winifred knew meant woman door winifred dear re clever things signs signs winifred idea winifred wasted family rode city winifred looked looked signs home winifred sat signs fact wanted winifred put signs house soon strangers started stopping eggs hamburgers asked buying house stopped anytime night imagine cross screamed winifred pulled signs put garbage end winifred started couldn stop saw sign want
pigs bus eating lunches eating lunches threw corn didn eat throwing corn ran eggs eggs throwing eggs boa constrictor boa constrictor yeah jimmy pet boa constrictor jimmy pet boa constrictor farm wanted meet farm animals chickens didn mean carried hen house yeah chickens started squawking flying happened hen excited laid egg landed jenny head hen egg broke yucky hair mad thought tommy threw threw tommy ducked egg hit mary ann face threw jenny missed hit jimmy dropped boa constrictor thing knew throwing eggs ran eggs threw pig corn stopped farmer wife started screaming screaming found mrs stanten bus sort left hurry boa constrictor bet jimmy sad left pet boa constrictor left hurry pigs didn bus pet pig
wanted give bottle gloria added thought idea sending message bottle idea idea bottle couldn curve river explained guess couldn gloria days later father trip truck saturday pick car parts going past big bridge river ride father walk bridge wanted send message bottle chance past curve river thought decided told father don mind advice put special bottle person finds asked give wind water special carry send care bring luck working message thought huey gloria thought want send bottles didn important anymore bottles put special picture bottle huey put favorite joke hamburger eve meat ball
vila porto boy took bottle local priest elderly priest eyes twinkling treasure map cast ashore drifting bottle priest wrapped bottle towel held neck tapped bottle hammer pieces broken glass carefully lifted paper slipped eyeglasses winked boy began read read frown face took glasses looked boy miguel idea letter says says finder bottle reward thousand american dollars write letter say found bottle priest put glasses peered letter write place york city pointed open window sea sky west sea america miguel dark eyes opened wide thousand american dollars money father earns maybe fisher priest looked wood floor bit lip boy miguel warn voice grew soft letters hoax joke trick enjoy playing cruel jokes letter hoax miguel face fell won thousand dollars
boris laughed mouse help heart love miss terribly boris conference ivory coast africa whaling amos returned mousing happy incidents amos longer young mouse boris longer young whale occurred worst storms century hurricane yetta happened boris whale flung ashore tidal wave stranded shore amos happened home happened storm cleared boris lying high dry sand losing moisture hot sun needing desperately water amos beach damage hurricane yetta course boris amos recognized don tell friends felt meeting desperate situation amos rushed boris boris look amos amos help mountain whale mote mouse think die don water soon amos gazed boris agony pity realized fast think fast
dick jeana held dear typhoon bounced tiny plane boxer hitting punching bag jeana hurled cockpit soon covered bruises dick jeana managed passed storm course short hours later voyager neared storm dick jeana quickly decided steer plane giant circle wait storm pass plan worked lot fuel began wonder fuel left home days dick jeana gazed wonder passed beautiful landscapes asia africa americas fuel holding spirits rose higher higher neared end journey hundred miles home disaster struck midnight voyager humming smoothly pacific coast mexico rear engine going dick jeana turned front engine order save fuel sudden rear engine stopped working engines voyager dick frantically tried start front engine voyager plunged lower lower pitch black sky fell thousand feet thousand thousand finally foot drop front engine roared
tuesday hurricane bread rolls night soft rolls hard rolls seeds white bread rye bread wheat toast larger seen terrible stay indoors roofs damaged sanitation department worked days clean mess help piled bread backyards birds ate rest stayed stale storm pancakes morning downpour maple syrup nearly flooded town huge pancake covered school weight school closed lunch brought fifteen inch drifts cream cheese jelly sandwiches ate sick ended stomachache awful salt pepper wind accompanied worse tomato tornado sneezing silly running avoid tomatoes town mess seeds pulp sanitation department gave job big townspeople feared lives couldn houses badly damaged giant meatballs stores boarded school children decision abandon town chewandswallow matter survival
young woman high fur collar big hat sat rear car anna looked direction anna romano shyly addie beaver young woman smiled wrapped coat tightly growing colder colder inside car conductor shook snow clothes longer melted puddles floor freeze death stay moaned mrs sweeney oooooo feet cold addie beaver anna looked high button shoes felt sorry addie beaver anna warm boots toes began grow cold stood aisle stamped feet suddenly anna idea grandpa game play help warm anna idea grandpa replied called simon says listen anna knows game help stay warm play anna asked mrs polanski tell stand anna grandpa moving don want freeze death miss beaver stand john bruce king stood grandpa bowed mrs sweeney mrs polanski miss cohen help ladies asked giggled stood looking anna
dear thought truly stupid think thought fit duties wrong beautiful colors woven swindlers emperor pleased notice elegant pattern swindlers pointed loom chief minister listened carefully cloth wanted remember detail repeat description emperor clever swindlers demanded money needed silk fine threads continue weaving requests granted swindlers silk threads pockets single strand put loom continued weave empty loom emperor faithful official cloth experience chief minister looked looked saw empty loom splendid cloth seen asked swindlers pretended hold bit cloth patterns colors seen fool sadly thought poor official unfit post let person praised cloth charming later told emperor finest cloth seen soon town talking splendid cloth
wear clothes material court procession tomorrow exclaimed show approval gratitude emperor pronounced swindlers official court weavers weavers worked night pretending making suit clothes emperor cut imaginary cloth stitched needle thread burned sixteen candles prove hard late working morning declared clothes finished ready emperor wear procession emperor staff friends weavers clothes swindlers held arms displaying robe trousers trousers feel light air light spider web course beauties fine fabric emperor pretended step trousers swindlers turn pretended fasten belt smooth wrinkles stood admire emperor trousers perfect majesty cried gathered look wonderful majesty called beautiful words agreed officials truly feather light beautiful emperor put robe helped imaginary robe fastened buttons swindlers rushed forward looking glass held emperor emperor smiling admired side
dragon grew grew mrs belsaki proud certainly look place makes bit unusual friends earth mrs belsaki replied belsaki ideas dragon grew grew finally filled yard breathe smoke fire big gaylord ride big elephant mrs belsaki friends visit afraid dragon grew grew bigger elephant grew big mayor look belsakis dragon studied studied big crossly belsaki ordinary family stick ordinary pets sell zoo circus mrs belsaki looked worried sad loved dragon getting big cost feed don money vacation belsaki gloomily want dragon gaylord cried mayor answered exactly week rid dragon turned faced spoke matter fact getting crowded vacation
amelia bedelia sat drew drapes put light finish living room amelia bedelia thought minute switched lights carefully unscrewed bulb amelia bedelia put lights things need aired pillows babies lot learn pie exclaimed amelia bedelia hurried kitchen took pie oven put table cool looked list measure cups rice amelia bedelia amelia bedelia found cups filled rice amelia bedelia measured rice amelia bedelia laughed folks want funny things poured rice container meat arrived amelia bedelia opened bag looked steak yes nicely amelia bedelia lace bits ribbon trimmed fat put steak refrigerator dress chicken wonder wants chicken chicken amelia bedelia amelia bedelia soon chicken finished amelia bedelia heard door open folks rushed meet amelia bedelia light bulbs asked rogers list put lights amelia bedelia
laugh read story amelia bedelia amelia silly things misunderstood directions mrs rogers list story pretty funny things putting dust furniture drawing pictures drapes think author peggy parish wanted laugh course purpose story amuse entertain readers amelia silly things think story snow chelm elders act smiled things author succeeded purpose author purpose writing story entertain readers stories written amuse entertain readers purpose selections provide information purpose follows snowing salt seeps ground streams ponds harm water birds smaller animals poisoned drinking salty snow water read paragraphs decide think author purpose entertain reader give information komodo dragons look storybook dragons move heavy heads slowly side side yellow tongues flick snakes komodo dragons pick smells air tongues dragon grew grew finally filled yard breathe smoke fire big gaylord ride
drew swept hat bowed dancing gift danced shore joseph sharp gust wind blew joseph turned sand lay silver shoes joseph knew joseph hid shoes barn sea courage aloud dance road southernmost sea shoes fit ready joseph watched felt bones ways danced flew shoes fit joseph village slowly began dance child slowly turned smiled slowly joined hands joseph danced silver shoes danced supper inn slept stars shoes town coins earned bought blue coat tall yellow hat woman gave flower joseph danced flower road led joseph dark forests valleys crowded places silent places places paths joseph felt bones ways danced
willy hitched searchlight sled end street moving objects caught eye difficult white beautiful fact beautiful samoyeds willy seen dogs held heads proudly strutted unison pulled large lightly constructed sled pulled sled closer bigger bigger indian dressed furs leather moccasins knees skin dark hair dark dark colored headband eyes sparkled sunlight rest face hard stone sled stop willy boy mouth hung open tilted head look willy seen giant howdy willy blurted indian eyes shifted searchlight let soft moan bark giant walked city hall building soon willy heard stories legends awesome mountain lester general store willy learned white person heard stone fox talk stone fox refused speak white treated tribe shoshone peaceful seed gatherers forced leave utah settle reservation wyoming tribe called arapaho
stone fox remained motionless silent willy backed barn door sorry win pushed open barn door left closing door race arrived willy early gave grandfather oatmeal adding wood fire willy kissed grandfather hitched searchlight started town edge property stopped sled moment looked farmhouse yes sir remembered grandfather saying things worth dying lost thoughts willy town knew turned main street halted sled abruptly couldn believe saw main street jammed lined sides street rooftops hanging windows stone fox searchlight pulled sled main street past crowd willy saw miss williams teacher foster bank hank post office doc smith mayor smiley tax lester crowd walked alongside willy times willy seen lester white apron willy beat lester saying race youngsters crowd cheered rooted favorites
seconds willy searchlight traveled main street turned north road head winning moment winning stone fox started dead slowly main street sure wrong searchlight willy sang snow packed going fast race road full dangerous twists turns willy slow racers dog small sled able sharp turns full speed turn willy pulled farther farther ahead swish sled rounded corner sending snow flying willy smiling fun miles town road half circle frozen lake turn willy took shortcut lake tricky going searchlight times racers attempted cross lake stone fox risk falling ice end miles willy front couldn looked knew return miles going town easy trail south road practically straight smooth stone fox sure close gap
honey guide arrives beehive sits branch nearby tree honey guide waits ratel soon ratel finds beehive digs beehive sharp claws tears open ratel eating honey angry bees try drive animal bees successful thick loose fur ratel protects bee stings ratel eat honey leaves patient honey guide flies eats beeswax lies beehive partnership honey guide ratel want honey guide beeswax ratel honey known partnerships sea hermit crab sea anemone unlike kinds crabs hermit crab born hard shell soon birth starts looking empty shell left creature sea snail crab found shell backs shell soft rear half body protected hermit crab shell moves looking food hermit crab teams sea anemone hermit crab moves shell starts looking anemone partner crab finds likely looking sea anemone grabs anemone claws crab lifts anemone shell
days lonely carmela didn care papa finished scarf lay hidden closet bright beautiful didn want didn want feel cool smooth knitting needles hands white house door busy coming going carmela took food mother father cooked quickly returned home didn tio juan seeing miss tia rosa carmela mother tia rosa died give mama baked cookies taught knit brought surprises going surprise late carmela tia rosa didn want kindness returned wanted pass mother part tia rosa die wanted give exclaimed carmela tia rosa show loved knew carmela smile hug visit told loved mother tio juan needs love answered carmela soft voice hard mama hurts tia rosa night carmela mother asked tio juan dinner carmela met door turn saw sad eyes carmela hugged tightly week tio juan smiled tomorrow carmelita door meet granddaughter
huh pick ordered carrying tone moment words left lips knew mistake joe jumped forward curtain raiser action heard curtain started joe henry staggered stage carrying annie ripple laughter flowed audience joe looked saw auditorium full looking gasped dropped share annie gosh sake joe quit fooling henry carry joe gargled incoherent fled henry leaned forward stiffen kid grabbed annie shoulders tilted backwards slid proper position slippery sleeper soles piece furniture put dolly stood straight patted encouragement walked later mrs corcoran told gotten biggest hand evening henry noticed searching joe clear idea joe found knew instinctively painful joe seen rest performance mother left auditorium appeared crowd took arm careful crowds ma henry mother side owe joe joe didn answer tightened grip mother arm
dogs lottie nick loved sarah lottie slept bed curled soft circle nick leaned face covers morning watching sign sarah awake knew seal slept seal roamer sarah collection shells sat windowsill scallop told picking shells sea clam oyster razor clam conch shell put ear hear sea put caleb ear mine papa listened sarah listened look sad caleb leaned sarah hear sea whispered papa quiet shy sarah caleb talked sarah morning light left sky going asked pick flowers sarah hang upside dry color flowers winter cried caleb sarah winter means sarah stay picked flowers paintbrush clover prairie violets buds wild roses climbed fence roses bloom early summer told sarah looked knew thinking summer wedding sarah papa wedding
stories earth oldest stories called legends folk tales legends folk tales knows group legends folk tales legend story believe partly true think legend papagos shade selection unit story rattlesnake thought idea watto shade hot sun rattlesnake legendary characters lived stories told knows facts legends teach lessons story dogs don talk anymore true teaches lesson careful talking folk tale story meant entertain unlike legend folk tale true folk tale legend teach lesson selection unit story story folk tale ananse real person story meant entertain smile lesson story ananse proved small win powerful characters kinds folk tales tricksters ananse
shepherd heard king announcement decided try luck put guitar happy heart started walked walked night fell middle forest saw light inside hut fire sat boy watching pot laughing asked shepherd coming room answered boy picking risen waiting rise shepherd thought boy answer burst laughter boy boiling beans taking rose top waiting bottom rise live asked shepherd watching answered boy father mother fields gathering yesterday food shepherd pondered strange answer surely wrong eaten yesterday food boy looked winked parents picking wool left briars sheep raced wool gather sold pay food ate yesterday asked boy shepherd told boy story help boy promise say boy directions soon glass waters bouquet flowers basket full ay ay nuts
father mean arthur cried sir ector looked loved child son merlin wizard brought baby promised raise secret arthur believe ears father father king felt afraid excited lonely rise father arthur told sir ector afraid sir ector put hand arthur shoulder let tournament afterward draw sword later churchyard crowded proud knights lords hoped draw sword stone miles watch try wished knight king arthur crowd watched knights walked boldly stone tried pull sword arthur sir ector whispered stone arthur hesitated felt afraid failed finally knight turn churchyard sighed disappointment began turn leave arthur knew try slowly moved crowd wore everyday clothes looked young shy began frown stare heard whispers
wandered village snow fell faster sky began grow dark knew useless linger sighed longing passed fish shop saw rows fresh fish bring home small piece fish wife thought glumly pockets emptier stomach home unsold hats headed wearily house hills bending head biting cold wind walked stone statues jizo guardian god children stood roadside covered snow piled small drifts top heads shoulders mah mah covered snow statues setting bundle stopped brush snow heads fine idea occurred sorry reed hats sell apologized snow heads carefully tied jizo statues murmured looked row statues hesitate quickly took hat head tied head sixth statue
attached trouble ear gold loop round bright moon upright blue keg hung hold loop keg large water tower screams cries inside sounds earring asked jahdu jahdu friend trouble barrel giant love friends trouble laughed thunder friends love screaming jahdu giant sure want let screams cries sounds giant put barrel sort friends giant treat badly asked jahdu kinds friends trouble don care bad big trouble treats kind folks bother seek swarm flies woogily jahdu surely wouldn want end fly barrel trouble look bunch fine folks traveling huge finger trouble tipped barrel jahdu inside staying trouble reach jahdu climbed tallest tree find look worst sight seen jahdu jahdu saw manner flying birds barrel saw forest animals saw lion saw mothers fathers babies donkeys
christmas happy koko loved later barbara friend known koko baby gorilla arrived looks black cat barbara koko show koko answer pulled blanket head barbara asked koko pulled rag toy cat tossed air cat koko signed let barbara koko gave toy dinosaur finally understood koko strange behavior unhappy christmas present mistake koko want cement velvet toy cat koko wanted real cat koko wanted pet things don happen quickly live full activities months later karen assistants arrived kittens kittens abandoned mother raised dog cairn terrier karen showed kittens koko love koko signed showed koko kittens gave blow test koko meets animals blows faces think trying scent blows expects blow maybe expected kittens blow kitten smoky gray white koko blow test took surprise
bloodhound ability track scent depends weather warm dry scent particles rise feet air hard bloodhound follow trail weather cold damp weather particles settle ground makes dog job easier hard bloodhound find dry desert easy trail person damp forest ground think cross river bloodhound able track true actually scent particles drip reach side water easier bloodhound find sergeant james zarifis malverne island york police department owns famous bloodhound patriot john quincy adams friends call quincy sergeant zarafis lend quincy free charge police department needs bloodhound find lost person quincy searches lost children persons wandered quincy tracked dangerous criminals case quincy sergeant zarafis arrived house fifteen hours robbed trail fresh quincy house moving circles looking scent suddenly bloodhound sniffed excitedly window door found strong scent
re leaving room put grumbled think wasn sure tail mouth polite talk mouth full chester drop tail eyes beginning water listen chester snapped fortunately letting tail book garlic book asked joy cooking chester continued mark vampire says garlic renders vampires immobile mean means garlic news chester smell killing put says book don put put doe chester nose suddenly involuntarily closed leaving dis roob dow sick stomach aroma decided spend early morning hours outdoors dawn approached peaceful sky clear birds singing felt contented difficult night lying grass feeling ladybugs crawl ears suddenly calm broken strange piercing screams area kitchen thought turned white happened chester sink lathered soap feline detective yelling head mrs monroe scrubbing vigorously sound voice middle lecture
jeff walked farther farther ice heedless parents warnings suddenly terrifying crack looked cracks ice ran directions feet sharp crack ice broke jeff found cold water heavy boots dragged air trapped clothing afloat matter minutes jacket pants soaked sink rock fifteen foot deep river desperation clung jagged ice edge hole joel looked sight friend yelling help save jeff ran help jeff walked ice break badly cracked hole jeff struggled joel lay ice digging toes rough spots able push soon reached edge hole jeff screamed friend don move joel grabbed jeff hands began pull jeff weighed twenty pounds younger friend water logged clothing pounds heavier joel pulled pulled slowly inched friend hole suddenly felt slipping icy water let jeff hand heard scream fell water
lay cloth shoe stretch tight pull rub hard fast toe sides put cloth shoe shone glass untied shoelace drew tighter tied asked sarah ida yes let picked brushes dropped bent pick dropped face grew increasingly hotter brushed shoe sprinkled water al told don need looked brown polish fingers put rag rub fingers don want hands hands wash sarah ida put polish fingers shined naylor shoe untied shoelace pulled tight tried tie al tied hard tie shoe naylor looked shoes shine paid al gave sarah ida dollar bill asked al give tip al didn earn gave re getting started
al week sarah ida working side side friends customers stopping talk didn sarah ida aunt claudia evening party glad al asked aunt claudia quick sarah ida side hurts help finished dinner sitting table want talk letter today aunt claudia mother asked sarah ida father wants home going sarah ida till school starts aunt claudia going anyway school sarah ida school weekends help al mother father haven writing happened home aunt claudia didn want worry need needed true need mother ill going maybe hospital home father want say asked sarah ida yes think family things easier
backpack packed daniel put pairs heavy wool socks pulled rubber bottom leather top winter boots wore underwear wool pants undershirt wore cotton shirt wool shirt heavier wool shirt hot peel layer doubted hot looked window thermometer ten degrees noon ten ready slipped backpack kissed mother bye porch pulled wool cap ears put mittens picked snowshoes stepped snow slipped boots snowshoe harnesses adjusted bindings carefully clear bright spruce fir trees horizon deep green band separated bright blue sky white pure white earth daniel struck pasture house cold air stung face felt perfect hike night snow added inches feet ground daniel knew snow meant animal tracks fresh tracking soon open fields deep swamp darker quieter big spruce fir trees covered sky sound
grandpa problem solved beginning story words snug cosy flickering hovering helped create peaceful mood pa story mood paragraphs pa story involved tell pa telling story lots expression sure audience understood happening making comparisons think included comparison black susan pet cat chasing mouse think laura mary felt pa screamed panther hear pa scream part story climax exciting part predict grandpa safe save horse look story pick favorite parts try decide interesting partner read parts aloud remember storytellers expression voices tell story partner want write story tell classmates include class booklet begin write identify want tell write descriptive words phrases help readers hear important parts active readers enjoy story feel experiencing events characters active readers notice remember writing techniques help writers
practice moya consuela supper lewises friday evening friday thanksgiving arrived early bringing kitchen shining aura outdoor cold moya cheeks leaned kiss polly kissed arrived left cool mingled delicious fragrance wore brown wool suit creamy sweater cocoa colored scarf throat high tan suede boots hat looked beaver wasn moya wore imitation furs consuela dressed twenty twenty rusty polly thought couldn help wondering connie going actually cold brought present moya handing gram flat parcel wrapped brown paper feet gram anna george lewis looked parcel warily moya regarded happily bet brought painting polly decided past couple weeks moya let easel polly painting surprise gram put package kitchen table undid string carefully laid paper polly shouted guessed boy rusty look neat moya super neat crazy moya sufficiently didn dumb presence painting polly scarecrow fafeek moonlight
rest suddenly felt thought stand top hill look huge green valley small plump figure blue pajamas ask thought valley relief map eveything shiny smooth brother spot cry ring bell valley hear charlie found paused leaned tree moment continued legs begun tremble afternoon sat front television watched game shows sit doorway hall sat charlie watch living room dark smell pine scented cleaner aunt willie early show sit movie leaning forward doorway making fun saying things charlie thief turning honest scene charlie sitting stool closer television nod understanding joining dialogue actors cowhand say things quiet tonight join yeah quiet cue
raised head immediately felt aching body slowly sat looked hands fingernails black earth broken quick slowly sat log inspected fingers closely sat straight hands dropped lap head cocked side bird listening slowly straightened standing side fingers twitched empty air grasp took step forward head side remained absolutely began cry hoarse excited voice screaming heard calling top hill sara slowly feet stood looking forest pushed hair forehead moistened lips wind dried waited joe started say reached hand took arm stop scarcely daring believe ears stepped closer edge bank heard unmistakably sharp repeated cry knew charlie charlie shouted paused listened cries louder knew slope direction ravine charlie charlie wild joy overtook jumped bare earth felt crush hill jumping wanted
jason thanked high spirits arrived iolcus crowded wondering handsome stranger king pelias saw cheeks paled oracle predicted youth sandal undoing pelias feigned friendship jason underneath held dark thoughts planned guest pelias feasted jason flattered promised throne soon performed heroic deed prove worthy king kingdom colchis shores black sea pelias branch dark grove hangs golden fleece shining brightly sun bring fleece throne golden fleece coat flying ram zeus save young prince phrixus thessaly prince danger golden ram swooped skies flew phrixus flew east landed kingdom colchis king colchis understood phrixus gods gave daughter marriage sacrificed ram glittering fleece hung sacred grove greatest treasure country king pelias jason return alive knew warlike king colchis part fleece sleeping dragon guarding
bee tangled netting toppled ground knocking milo top lay shouting help help boy bug sprawled untidily mound squashed letters tock alarm ringing persistently buried pile words looked angrily shouted salespeople meant say look words gotten hopelessly mixed sense going complained set straightening things minutes spoke understandable sentence added greatly confusion soon stalls cleaned words swept large pile sorting spelling bee upset affair flown huff milo feet entire police force dictionopolis appeared loudly blowing whistle bottom milo heard say comes officer shrift striding square shortest police officer milo seen wore blue uniform white belt gloves peaked cap fierce expression continued blowing whistle face beet red stopping shout re guilty re guilty passed seen guilty reached milo turning tock ringing loudly turn dog
story fairy woods places published couldn understand thought read today adult think ten polished professional story children magazine accepted didn think submitted top magazines country course rejected compete markets adults interested fairy tales wasted story wasn learned writing thing learned felt create woodland peopled birds rabbits dusted magic young hero sandy spent lot choosing wanted fit woods belonged solid formal alfred jerome george sandy slip nature pine trees thickets mist fairy worried point decided nameless gave making real wanted reader uncertain sandy mother suggested dream
arthur bottom stairs waiting thank goodness found flashlight jumped half flight stairs floor hurry screamed swung doorway bathroom arthur crouched towel rack shine light ryan gasped caught thing ryan kicking screaming eyes big light mess strings free ryan sweaty nightshirt arthur kicked mobile wall home cried won basement mama feel siren quit pulled threw leg flashlight clattered floor rolled heard lull deadliest quiet makes think explode heat room built couldn breath began hear noises heard chair scraping kitchen floor upstairs noises worse piece furniture moving big heavy things smashing window popped crash glass shattering laundry room pulled towel ryan held tight ten seconds howling shrieking tornado blanket screamed arthur ear pulled countertop covered hands shaking wildly
margaret left visit aunt week soon school summer einstein knew margaret town wondered called finally decided call find hello margaret happening aunt didn call einstein margaret call aunt bess drove home days ago stayed visit parents going drive place tomorrow okay invited friend house weekend biology professor university kinds science stuff house einstein refuse family going beach sunday margaret continued science puzzle show aunt bess einstein anderson solve changed einstein couldn turn science challenge margaret agreed spent rest playing baseball classmates wondering puzzle margaret mentioned einstein margaret driven aunt bess early morning saturday arrived remsen town university aunt bess house sort clearing surrounded trees going inside margaret led einstein house twisting path woods
scientists think groups stonehenge searched special stones thought mystic qualities moving miles difficult floated rafts part distance drawn water hung canoes boats animals skins hauled overland part sledges avon river flows salisbury plain reached stones loaded rafts floated miles site stonehenge dr gerald hawkins famous astronomer recorded positions stones measured distances angles stone relative figured sun moon rose set salisbury plain thousand ago gathered hundreds measurements stones sky positions sun moon astronomer fed information computer order match positions stones rising setting locations sun moon computer failed find relationship cases showed dozens connections placements stones events occuring sky anthropologists eclipses times moon covers part sun caused alarm ago reasonable suppose design stonehenge related happenings sky
greta parents talked night bed usual bedtime night greta mother persuaded let greta wander willed fog father worked miracle mother look confused upset greta finished housework free greta running throw arms mother neck mother greta say fog lovely stone road lost let child greta mother replied mother laugh vague fears re age hated miserable wet fog scurry home sign understand fog saturday morning greta opened eyes gray blanket filling window space thick fog saturday foggy night seen strange house spruces chance imagined hurried saturday thought thing mother possibly want usual saturday errands washing room tidy ship cabin sunday gloves washed hung bars stove dry
voices disaster escaping happened sooner thought days ship flying radio silence navigating calculator program computer map magnetic fields journey boring spaceship big frighten flying space joe telling pattie worry heavy things don fall space told fall gravity knock things fall home pattie doubtfully ship gravity machine making happen inside ship joe feel normal ship small frighten thought spending inside fourteen joe found hard believe pattie found lack gravity sarah pills sleep lot rules awake forty hours awake played games ship computer played video screens grown ups brought special luxury funny hand set playing chess let play person computer
children ran forward open expanse land shouting limping crying hopping wearing soft ship slippers noise corridors spacecraft pretty gray grass flowers cut thin leather cut feet guide ordered crate boots brought store unpacked fetched ointment bandages stopped picked sharp plants broke easily fingers gathered glass sharp shining jewels soon boots walk safely growth crushed beneath soles fragile crunchy walk frost stiffened grass winter earth walked crisp sparkling frost plain shores lake took hour reach lake shore wide silver beach soft bright sand grains worn glass walked lake move ruffle shake curtains reflected mountain reflected sky hung air smelled sweet breathe windless air deep cave underground brook lake crag valley ship lodged moved chuckled gently stone stone sparkled brightly glass leaves grass
father asked sarah bodies shed wings generation rotted boulders left sure boulders bigger hatched think lot growing boulders don suppose boulders grow fast afraid shan mean wheat wrong sarah yes sarah sadly looked lovely moth pattie mind ripening burnished bronzed wheat gold crusty brown baked bread cutting whirring thing knife blades father malcolm help putting gloves cutting hands walking fallen swaths wheat picking piling dry cutting malcolm took armful stalks laid ground beat till husks fell grains shook grains sieve rid chaff pile yellow beads shining golden glass working field looked shook heads inside houses doors shut silence silence left moth flew
fly babe pond sat watched ducks squattered splattered soupy green depths ducks knew dog bother took notice strange creature side walk yard minute fly fetching yes babe excitedly collie looked fondly foster child sheep pig thought idea mere sight send flock county anyway short legs let play ducks forget ducks water marched noisily past piglet half expected chase puppies sat ears cocked watching fly let thing sheep boss wants round side side stables says wants round left side dutch barn says yes mum babe fly sharply surprisingly babe efforts met success
saw eat melvin spencer ate uncle dick aunt emma spring school tried eat table couldn sell farm prepare meal whopping price chuckle looked aunt emma hope aunt emma re children wade winter mud school don electricity don things city think country person wants melvin spencer didn listen aunt emma busy eating finished uncle dick looked aunt emma smiled place sold mother uncle dick wink re goin mud let woman slave wear galoshes winter bright clean streets wearin shined shoes blessed electric washer radio won batteries charged bathroom electric stove stove wood choppin boys uncle dick olive helen looked aunt emma smiled looked oliver young dick grinning melvin spencer looked plate
judges deciding mickey maybe won pick nit nowns block likes judges okay quiet winners charlotte paulette knew mickey special sam brought ice cream real party lady snap ropes lot rhythm started talking gonna street block party double dutch contest summer party sitting stoop making box ice cream sticks mickey comes running re going union avenue charlotte paulette show double dutch dance re going play raggedy girls re going teach dance need turn play re going learn dance mickey dotty friends kind bored union avenue nit nowns jumping double dutch paulette spun leg baby laughed clapped look wild girls act mickey re jealous mickey don care double dutch nit nowns saw grinned waved whispered mickey re acting friendly girls turn minute run street
sister linda pointing clock certainly late sister frances upstairs pointed stairs child jenny stood sister frances tissue nose sure eyes swollen looked awful front stood sunday mother miss fielder thought mistake couldn didn look woman boy wearing rubber hat raincoat sign fur voice sound woman voice small taller grown tiny couldn face rubber hat pulled nose wearing glasses stupid round lenses didn look sunday mother andrea imagined forget junk fireplace chauffeur bearskin didn say stood hands pockets blinking glasses sunday mother knew say morning sunday mother morning miss fielder thank taking couldn couldn stuck throat wriggled sister linda stepped foot
tell andrea bearskin bearskin knew didn say pushed past andrea shot stairs room slammed door wanted didn want tell sunday disaster need especially andrea bell rang supper supper talked sundays delicious meals seen played told today sunday foster parent decided say gave cheese sandwich pudding donny eat finally supper allowed rooms wanted quickly suddenly sister linda saying phone call jenny phone call happened earth call sister linda didn mean mistake gave gentle push hurry answer telephone hall picked receiver listened say hello prompted sister linda didn say took receiver hello miss fielder jenny
ingratitude nature constant diligence humans seen believe farmer works hard roteno tiny stream runs fields matter pumpkin grower wells draws water blood vegetables tomato grower spends half seeking substances fertilizer elements water fertilizer gardener rota begins fertilize tiny plots ground sows tomato seed pumpkin pip waters hand person child drink harvest attends plants grow treats love comparable parents children applies plant bit fertilizer pours pitcherful water today kills insects eating leaves tomorrow covers reeds dry leaves bear rays sun exposed sea winds counts stalks flowers fruits earliest ripeners talks pets kisses blesses names order tell individualize mind
didn seldom knew meant felt kind plan sure don run home didn run home sat drank rest tea ate cookie kind plan sat afternoon willow trying think lilith idea looked pink check lay table check bank plotting daughter eunice mother didn tell truth re funny discover didn sure part lilith looked past shook head don care don think nice wasn nice humiliating words concern love think vulnerable re young think mother fair daughter lilith table
wanted doll father merida bought girl town doll convinced mother father wanted party doll thing forget party lasted hours town thirty forty children tamales tacos ice cream hand turn handle hours hours kids took turns pinatas clay pots inside pots put candy white pigeons palomas took pinata pulled tried break stick broke pinata palomas flew air beautiful beautiful pinatas paper cardboard children hurt broken clay pots pinatas horseback pinata hung watermelon rope pulled ride horse hit watermelon girl horse threw didn give dances father living sit watch eighteen brother neighbors
wish leave woman venus re don don want beings looked making twitches faces mind wish intensity left force organization wish respect privacy leave return girdle warning enter leave cameron mister tired count turned left knew listening cameron wasn busy thinking income tax hear minds mean knew kind fence earth corralling keeping leaving keeping coming knew left voice late screamed cameron re space send space don yanked window shirt collar surprised resist recovered caught sight going window breath
don touch looking stood hands sides watching wrote clipboard front turned revolving chair wouldn michelle job leroi number phone rings blazes put bit gave pointed big glass window room looked window guy pointing asked leroi rupert gasped laughed comes surprised stared pictured huge feet eyes stuck finger electric socket eyes zap gee lenny whispered leroi rupert dj thought guy sharp fingernails didn yeah aaron looks wrong engineer laughed real leroi rupert leroy rupert father thirty big fat ok fat black guy monster mask head straight eyes straight teeth wearing blue striped dress shirt tie pulled tie loose collar wearing front desk living room kind lamp stack papers telephone microphone looked ice cream cone
dorothea taylor saw photographer deep feeling trouble pictures recorded front lens feelings pictures respect dignity mean cold winter saw strangers streaming california tens thousands farmers midwest southwest hit hard depression dust storms terrible drought ruined vast tracts farmland desperate farmers took roads fleeing called dust bowl joined harvest hands migrant workers seasonal crops pickers laborers earned hundred dollars lucky hungry women children wandered california rural counties means shelter feed government turned professor taylor help find migrants taylor knew depression partly blame increasing machines tractors mechanical pickers replace human labor force natural disasters drought dust storms agreed find help paul taylor knew bare facts politicians act needed feel wrong hired dorothea pictures terrible conditions migrants lived words reports won decisions need lives
lie hidden underbrush watch beaver heron love creatures wild guess find york city terribly dull reached hand touched arm suppose idea coming selfish partially disabled arthritis don feel staying told enjoy love sit watching wonderful course chance leave haven trial link reluctant hurt saying run things harriet observed suppose try picture uncle wanted leave yes forgotten link agreed find sandhill cranes lakes marshes wet areas number miles don stay pictures pack leave fair link feeling want pay charley horse harriet getting table don mind left link
tour moscow indefintely postponed crossed border russia poland reacted differently historic moment burst tears cheered loudly prayers thankfulness singing stopped polish village village polish learned blood bath heard jews cattle cars let shrill catcalls screamed cursed hurled stones cars needs screamed siberia stopped singing remembered car moaning dear god heaven amen frightened bewildered polish idolized exile thinking screaming moment wished destination lodz took turns looking tiny windows person caught sight city devastation let cry pain turn look appalled streets houses filled rubble going tata concentrated shining sapogy brushing speck dust imaginary fufaika train stopped car ready leave waited officials give permission
finally reached grass step wire wall snapped front ceiling opened gloved hand reached picked voice minutes thirty seconds george running corridors emerged trap feet started concealed opening george watching called maze device test intelligence memory put times faster remembered extent corridors electric floors faster trial george julie dr schultz write took ask bother run knew trick answer couldn help lived cage bear run re running illusion injections kinds tests important maze maze designed find quickly learn actually taught things led actual teaching
talking partition yes end shelf big cabinet mouse cages wire mesh doors climb ladder course remember seen cabinet times cage carried past reason smaller mice cages cage justin nicodemus think found end room opening baseboard bottom wall air blows metal grid covering grid sign says lift adjust air flow lifted hangs hinges trapdoor thing metal window slide wide open air main thing easily big walk side lead side duct thing square metal pipe built wall walked figure bound duct leading room building branch main central pipe lead air comes open windows don think windows open
thinking week run begin feel winded walk actually running mile half eighth week bet looked window want start running company fun going don try tomorrow asthma stop didn want sound sissy looked happy worried going able phoebe stop thinking nice thing running don compete matter re getting exercise waiting riverside park street building exactly phoebe late frisbee tugging leash couldn figure standing finally phoebe dressed running shorts blue sneakers waved hello dashed street dungeon trotting let promenade okay park stopped bench took leashes dogs warm phoebe explained stretches muscles won shock system suddenly exercise lean touch toes
nice going boys coach smiled tom lucky son haven lost meet joined tom grunted say helped brad winning brad wiggled shoulders slid gray sweat shirt didn win squad protested mildly sure feel seeing front feel stay tom laughing getting spots front eyes watching fellows pass remonstrated coach expect mile yard dash job son concerned re mighty fine tom felt blood rise cheeks remember praised athletic accomplishment didn jim thomson son wasn sports thanks coach gratefully hope big county meet saturday coach eyes slid tom face embarrassment dad changed subject abruptly ridgewood team figures meet miler steve adler beaten boys run home rest needing stamina gun goes
days ruth busy preparations star game proud star team guessed attention going receive reporters united states countries hounded interviews woman selected star team big leagues ordinary news story morning star game drove anaheim stadium practice team expected players act maury jenkins acted friendly fact clear players honored team times going play hard win ruth promised afternoon luke quinn manager cincinnati reds called ruth informed starting national league horse hansen starting catcher sure signals giving bench pitch wonderful innings don want guys team saying american league tough woman sellout crowd poured anaheim stadium night roommate karen karen boyfriend jeff complimentary tickets ruth ruth tickets charley sally mcgraw
astonished contributor bizarre event young playwright job writing radio plays mercury theater sunday evening programs programs built talents orson wells experience wouldn missed want handed wells war worlds instructions dramatize form news bulletins story laid england written narrative style realized practically author idea martian invasion description appearance machines short asked original hour length play days monday quick trip hudson family occurred needed map think location martian arrivals drove gas station route goes part jersey attendant gave map york starting spread map closed eyes put pencil point happened fall grovers mill liked sound authentic ring princeton logically bring observatory astronomer professor pierson leading character drama
aunt leah bay sister wil bea scare tairs bay brother willie bea glanced bay brother peeking bay sister head scary willie bea decided looked saw ghosts chill ran spine thought begging dark night didn register aunt leah willie bea living room willie bea spent effort getting brother sister ready appearing costume landing halloween hard understand happen alter grand event october willie bea eased landing lighted glow living room lamps pulled bay sister pulled bay brother wanted costumes sort flow view halloween phantoms gobble uns willie bea announced voice announcer don ameche harry von zell announcer gobble uns halloween stood dressed frightening heard willie bea listening living room crazy mixed scene willie bea froze landing taking bay bay sister poised silence unmoving
silence living room strong fragrance roses sound radio low static whistling willie bea papa stopped fiddling station clearly maybe halloween night messing radios willie bea thought fleetingly sense told hollis pounding knew magical radio call sound waves couldn kind battering shake father ran hand rapidly hair couple times gave radio knew weak tube turned women couch stood lost thought staring willie bea mama aunt leah couch hollis sitting piano bench hand overcoat pocket comin hollis odd high voice glanced aunt leah willie bea papa talking willie bea papa house tell comin moment ago willie bea bay bay sister crept room squeezed overstuffed easy chair facing couch surrounded heady scent roses fragrance smelling salts mixture bottle willie bea mama waved aunt leah nose uh un moaned aunt leah pass bottle stages
ms duffy drifted piano bench tilted kitchen hair hanging perpendicular floor wonder relationship bet ms duffy decided give piano teachers mother easy giver uppers guess drive father kind crazy single mindedness mother single mindedness involves sister yvonne family perfect mother thinks practically greatest boy father counters enthusiasm nodding saying nice lot listening learned fair judge abilities mother pretty ego booster mean thinks sister yvonne ready join american ballet company sister yvonne toes truth nice thinks re pretty perfect reason gave piano teachers beginning picking songs hands play things liked radio ear beatles tunes elton john stuff playing piano guess favorite thing discovered fourth grade discovered ivy sunday favorite person
figured pa order ways play flute silkie heard knew place night sion silkie hear silkie dare willing night find place practice planned sheol desperate called area sheol elegant expensive area sion floods mansions occupied argans intelligent race native harmony argans strange race liked secrets humans forgiven aliens didn warn colonists tides asked anyway colonists exactly kind aliens later city sion abandoned argans drifted wastelands claiming land matter sion belonged legally sea filled city silent agreement humans argans deny sectors seen seen argan sion argan wanted seen human home
jenny asked surprised gran don care anyway added quickly friend glad happy exactly friend gran jenny vague apprehension filled asked timidly bad person gran looked hard trying inside head geneva question bad question paused asked jenny frowning fearful answer finish supper gran talk parlor afterward tell story parlor lamps turned fresh fire popping grate cozy secure jenny sat nervously sofa opposite gran chair folded hands feel home tell ghost stories grandmother eased laid crutch floor gran lifting eyebrows re going don believe ghosts jenny don gran didn age geneva sign don yes jenny gran believe accidental re head amaryllis home thirty lies table plain sight
nights later overcast pitch dark torstein paraffin lamp close head night watches going stepped head clock torstein awakened lamp falling cold wet flapping ears flying fish thought felt dark throw caught hold wet moved snake let burned visitor twisted herman torstein tried lamp lighted herman started wake thinking octopus night waters lamp lighted herman sitting triumph hand holding neck thin fish wiggled hands eel fish feet thin snake dull black eyes snout greedy jaw full sharp teeth teeth sharp knives folded roof mouth swallowed fish thin skin violet blue underneath loose flakes took hold bengt awakened noise held lamp fish nose sat drowsily sleeping bag fish don exist
yes attempt save recalled details rescue aircraft lead safe landing flying wing tip wing tip called shepherd glanced watch fifty minutes airborne thirty minutes left fuel pulled vampire left hand turn began leg triangle minutes pulled left fog reached head norfolk ten minutes nearly complete triangles airborne seventy minutes knew fuel read quarter full say ten minutes flying felt rage despair minutes later knew doubt going die night strangely wasn afraid anymore enormously sad sad things places greet dropped left wing vampire moon bring aircraft final leg triangle wing tip black shadow crossed whiteness thought shadow aircraft low fog bank keeping station turn mile sky fog trying hard believe aircraft moving disappear forever fog bank eased throttle began slip
bermuda triangle known dangerous mystifying spots planet bermuda triangle stretches eastern coast florida bermuda islands puerto rico contained square miles sun drenched waters hundreds ships giant freighters small pleasure craft sail waters airliners military aircraft private planes pass overhead daily ships planes complete trips safely run strange happenings weird happenings triangle stretch ocean compasses awry reason lead sailors pilots course ships planes disappear crews vanish ships string ships planes disappeared known ships disappearing triangle spanish galleons disappeared carrying gold bullion home american ship patriot sailed triangle seen century sixty vessels types lost triangle seen vanish ships planes ships planes course suffered accidents oceans beneath waves tragedies differed triangle major left pieces wreckage gave idea happened
think facts tell miyax add experience conclusions draw kind person miyax passage miyax patient willingness wait ask wolves help passage tells food die figure miyax determined survive find miyax frightened predicament forced remain calm recognize action miyax control conclude information miyax patient determined controlled conclusion true supported facts draw conclusion important check decision conclusion sense answer question review facts story think information change mind continue read additional support conclusion information change willing change conclusions information helps conclusion sense instance early story learned miyax father asked wolf food wolf directed caribou learned unfortunately miyax father explained enlisted wolf help
objected exhausting pace peary later remarked excitement spread eskimos ice pay glory enthusiasm matched important reach pole dream victory close hand march april lasted ten hours end peary turned henson knack gauging distance asked thought henson estimated twenty miles peary saving eyes took solar observations marches depending henson intuition april peary henson ran sort trouble proved fatal explorer lead position setting pace lane open water cluttered floes peary crossed half hour later henson arrived sledges slowly cautiously eskimos worked rigs floe floe suddenly block ice henson standing slid plunged freezing water instantly spashing mightily grabbing ice handle sledge failing times heavy mittens wouldn give secure grip chance shout help ootah bounding ice eskimo caught nape neck hauled safety
russel nodded satisfaction run dogs meant didn want run supposed anticipated staying longer run dogs oogruk part dogs run tell want dog wants driver wants wind stopped suddenly arctic storms died changed bit west straight sea stopped russel noted moved north coming blue black north cold places dogs tried run lined russel looked lights village wind died knew show especially light hill fuel tanks saw clouds thick low couldn stars help tell true direction ran hours letting dogs seek speed sure run village called set snowhook
dare look boldly tall young carried gun shoulder bush cow walked alongside hunting birds stranger kindly lost need friend don afraid added gallantly speak tell think spend night house gunning early morning sylvia alarmed grandmother consider blame foreseen accident fault hung head stem broken managed answer sylvy effort companion asked mrs tilley standing doorway trio view cow gave loud moo explanation yes speak trial tuck sylvy sylvia awed silence knew instinct grandmother comprehend gravity situation mistaking stranger farmer lads region young stood gun door dropped heavy game bag bade mrs tilley evening repeated story asked night lodging put early morning hungry give milk rate plain
faraway mountain village snow falls deep white lived poor young peasant named yohei beginning winter yohei snow run errand hurried home suddenly basabasa heard rustling sound crane dragging wing swooped landed path yohei bird pain arrow pierced wing crane lay drew arrow carefully tended wound late night tapping hotohoto door yohei hut peculiar calling night slid open door look stood beautiful young woman beg sir voice delicate refined allow wife yohei believe ears closely looked noble lovely woman appeared gently took hand brought inside yohei fine wife house villagers gossiped true young woman modest kind served yohei faithfully longer recognize cold cold dreary hut lived house bright warm simple yohei happier dreamed reality mouths feed poor yohei poorer
looked enormous black eyes frightened trusting pobre martin thought pobre stupid custom comforting poor mare easier changing changed argentina weather night month month burned land parched animals caked dry mud epifanio nodded martin started corral martin helped uncle horse bit tradition domador segundo enter corral hoped horse sensed friend audience gasped martin noticed aunts whispering excitedly hola martin called alonso playing tennis called uncle dismounted raised arm solemnly try segundo estancia roca epifanio announced fledgling hawk ready try wings don jaime soars higher leaving ground gaucho shouted referring height crowd laughed ah heart truer eye today tall epifanio retorted moment truth moment truth crowd yelled shame patience aunts cried martin thanked smile want moment truth today ready experienced
begun voyage obey orders duty fare don fare hard tell pull find clever fellow don find rascal say larboard watch began feel discomforts sailor steerage lived filled coils rigging spare sails junk ship stores stowed berths built sleep allowed drive nails hang clothes sea risen vessel rolling heavily pitched grand confusion complete hurrah nest sailors say top hand large hawser coiled chest hats boots mattress blankets fetched leeward jammed broken boxes coils rigging crown allowed light find beginning feel strong symptoms seasickness listlessness inactivity accompany giving attempts collect things lay sails expecting moment hear cry hands ahoy approaching storm soon
key unlocked door past fascinated feel special personal significance couldn imagine plane returning united states idea hit language chiseled stone french scholar deciphered historic unknown matching known presented rough analogy oral history grandma aunt liz aunt cousin georgia told front porch unknown language strange words sounds passed african thinking kin tay ko called guitar kamby bolongo called river virginia sharp angular sounds predominating sounds undergone generations passed represented sounds specific tongue spoken african ancestor plane london circling land york wondering specific african tongue maybe find thirty later sole surviving ladies told family narrative front porch youngest cousin georgia anderson grandma eighties cousin georgia lived son daughter kansas city kansas seen frequent visits
suddenly alert sat bed poster crocheted canopy immediately aware unnatural chill accompanied faint hum sun high leaves trees looked dusty weather dry hot remembered house air conditioned ground floors big tokyo department stores strange strange deep piled rug clutter furniture pictures inlaid mahogany bureau nest tables armchair covered green white chintz match curtains windows pictures painted walls door opening sparkling bathroom grandmother luxury private bathroom quick thought jenny kimura slipped bed ran floor bare feet missing cool smooth feel tatami amused furry brush carpet running toes togo bath beautiful remembered glimpse night floor tiles white flecked gold sparkled sun oval washbowl set marble counter huge mirror reached ceiling reflected sparkling white tub row green monogrammed towels jenny showered ran tub full warm water lay soaking traditional japanese manner grandmother understand weariness induced excitement hours air sleep late liked
sure envisioned continental army number romantic notions suppose feeling making gesture robbie completing task set allowed finish consuming thing holy thing loved similar reasons enlisting think reality occupied drilled marched learned defend demolish opponents filled cartridges cleaned quarters cleaned ate scant unappetizing food slept boredom fatigue longer strange constantly surrouned thinking spoke deeper voice normal walked longer easier stride wore uniform naturally tall taller physical enjoyed thomas farm sufficient strength expected lonely helped spent leisure teased schoolboy books liked read friendly occasion sought schoolboy abilities asking write letters home
knew number matt counted notched sticks hoping mistake ten sticks meant august couldn remember exactly days belonged month reckoned month september needed look maple trees circling clearing flamed scarlet birches aspens glowed yellow holding sunlight misty days woods quieter jays screamed chickadees twittered softly trees songbirds disappeared heard faraway trumpeting seen straggles wild geese trailing smoke high air moving south morning stepped cabin frosty air nipped nose noonday warm midsummer inside dusk hurried stir fire chilliness inside sun fire reached shadow forest moved closer cabin family late coming troubled autumn weather brought restlessness attean days indian boy offered word explanation simply walk cabin sit table
nautilus floating wasn moving blades propeller revolving water minute captain nemo entered lounge mate seen gloomy saying word seeing glass panel looked squid words mate left room captain curious collection squid offhand tone voice standing window aquarium monsieur replied re going fight hand hand propeller stopped think squid horned beak caught propeller move intend surface ship wipe vermin electric bullets effect animals soft flesh offer resistance explode attack axes captain nemo central companionway ten twelve armed boarding axes ready attack conseil took ax ned land harpoon nautilus surfaced sailors top companionway unscrewed bolts holding hatch unscrewed hatch flew violence obviously pulled suckers squid arm
reading strange mystery yes sir sir couldn think certainly appears remarkable affair remarkable affair tiny room ten steps broadway half past clock fine evening miss hinch killed john catherwood light sword known representation father country tragedy commonplace extraordinary interest amazing faculty woman famous teens happened astonishing impersonator brilliant act consisted series character full sight audience assistance small table properties half concealed net transformations amazing belief sat watched appearance voice speech manner carriage shifted incredibly fit part woman appeared permanent form fashion plastic human material cunning mold woman child disguises tall thin young woman strongly marked features considerable beauty bold sort look present moment venture guess stabbed john catherwood dressing room theater put hat coat dropped wigs kit handbag night doorman walked broadway
wishing bring delirium excitement half dozen chance bystanders police officers drew quietly showed mysterious messages apparently affected woman shocking end admitted written briefly recounted woman movements arrested attention watching closely car finally detected wore wig unfortunately suspicions appeared aroused interest battle wits ensued trying summon police knowledge dogging close prevent watching chance give slip recalled restaurant invented excuse leave instant bolt narrowly missed getting finally brought subway seeing police exposed spoken unexpectedly shocking results concluded shaken voice naturally anxious terrible mistake look officer tell older officer shook head known ability miss hinch look leave headquarters reward sir give sir likely want morning
mp stood door submarine attack tell refugees absolutely raced regugees hold awake lying frozen bunks put fingers lips show whisper lay staring narrow ledge eyes glazed terror heart stopped thumping convinced refugees remain silent ladder main deck ships formed double column sail straits gibraltar searchlight shore swept deck traveled water east west lighting doubled column minutes later airplane burning navigational lights flew low path searchlight paved flying west east atlantic mediterranean friendly british plane coming airfield rock luftwaffe plane flying spain climbed ladder soldiers hold lay rigid panic internalized ship living ghosts suddenly heard clear silence broke engines churned pulsed breathed moving hold alive soldiers wept saved lieutenant martin joined rail guess sleep pretty close call didn
detective try find fifty cents inexpensive expensive admission fee circus answer tell times change secondary sources materials written studied original sources encyclopedias books county secondary sources want sources research records disagree happened find conflicting facts act judge jury court decide person record opinion closest truth decide original source try understand closer original source likely uncover facts bring nearer truth look facts notes index cards notebook write words top card page stating subject notes instance want find famous person community card page headed birthplace uncovering facts local landmark note page headed involved project key words help organize facts uncover note card notebook page important fact key words write found source library file
deserters droves point prospect campground south rose hill swarming soldiers forays chicken coops pigpens smokehouses winter meat hung spring summer vegetable gardens cornfields fruit orchards robbed dared approach camp agents cities upstate appeared hurry visit known deserters carried arms desperate neighbor recognized face sufficient reason getting bullet eyes meant chances informer stories varied hundred point prospect put number nearer hundred early months theft food crime community march killing took place realized expected mob undisciplined desperadoes nancy thought going place summer heeded ellen advice closed house completely bringing stock matt barn keeping children comparative safety grandfather home jenny longer allowed drive hidalgo mail ventured home nightfall bed full confidence security night february family sat open fire wagon clattered road north stopped front house
re askin chancet live told jeth deserter caint hunted rest days rest days goin jethro plowed morning mind send letter frightening thing frightening knew eb planning leave eb lost frightened boy jethro send letter plowshares needed sharpening jethro told father noon drive hidalgo pick mail ed turner father matt seldom questioned jethro decisions boy due dignity accorded matt assented trip readily jethro letter pocket drove road heart pounding excitement hidalgo took care mail glanced sharply jethro noticed inscription envelope silent problems letter properly stamped addressed affair privately thought allowing young forward concern
neighbors help problem story jack problem read find surprise jack mother surprise asked jack jeep box tops jeep mail surprise didn mail jack mother tabby kittens jack look hooray cat kitten gray dusty jack kitten black jet jack kittens looked tabby mother minx jinx jack twin names twin kittens jack look kittens sleep eat wish fun kittens grow kittens sat looked jack hello dusty hello jet hello minx jinx jack kittens grew grew drink milk dish run ball jump jack lap kittens jack fun weeks passed jack mother waiting bus jack kittens getting big find homes jack nodded ask friends wants kitten
minx jinx left minx jinx lot alike jack runners jumpers minx jinx friends jack mother mrs minx jinx mom jack minx jinx mrs want cats jack mother look home jack pleaded fast mother jack house dilly street wanted kittens minx jinx minx jinx jack mother upset jack mrs kitten wells say minx jinx miss jack mother homes telephone rang hello girl jane turner boy looking home kittens yes jack yes girl mrs kittens left let mean want kittens asked jack yes girl bet jack tell live putting telephone jack ran find mother mom mom yelled girl telephone going minx jinx wants
big bear looked pine trees soft grass pond fine place nap big bear smile big bear pond sleep big bear pond animals couldn big bear mean trouble big bear pond animals meeting rid big bear asked turned wise grandfather chipmunk help squirrel chipmunk met woods big bear asked squirrel think let sneak pond look big bear chipmunk squirrel big bear wakes look chipmunk pond wise grandfather chipmunk saw animals ran pond big bear wakes trouble help squirrel chipmunk hid tree pond looked saw big bear sleeping green bug dropped big bear ear tickle tickle tickle ha ha ha big bear tickle tickle tickle ha ha ha big bear bug moved big bear fell sleep
big dogs dogs don dogs girl dog bad dog don dog don dogs big dogs dogs don dogs don bring stick toss stick stick bring stick let stick let stick dog stick fun dog don leap don dog home don home home bad dog don dogs stand legs say pet dog didn say lick hand stop dog run let run dog run fast yes run fast beat lot fun home dog don look sad dog don look feel sad tell tell don don don dog mom find lost
gail lee lee planks gail red paint gail lee fun lee glad going sea slam bang planks slap slap slap red paint gail lee worked worked ship lee ship seen gail yes lee big ship lot think sail asked lee yes gail ship let lee fast gail need things trip let need sail lee lee gail ship lee gail going trip things gail lee home things ship packed books plants gail lot books plants lee yes gail packed rocks lee lot rocks gail yes lee rocks lots things eat lee look food sleeping bags gail need sleep need clock lee map gail don lost help put things ship lee ship
ship sail things put lee big ship gail gail hopped ship lee lee gail trip things ants lots things heap sand look closer heap sand home home ants ants dig paths sand home move sand bit bit sand makes hill home ant lays eggs eggs moved stacked ants egg hatches comes grub ant licks grub clean grub spins sack stays sack days days comes ant ant licks ant clean ant cleans ants ants help ants food ant finds food rushes tell ants ants food bring home girl sitting hill hand brushes sand sand rushes paths ants move eggs grubs ants move eggs grubs deep home ants dig paths hill days cold ants need sleep deep home cold ants sleep ants hot days things ants
charlie finds birthday gifts charlie spring birthday thing saw gift bed big rabbit charlie rabbits fun hop soft fur rabbit tree charlie tree birthday fun tree mom tree turn fun charlie dug hole dirt deep put tree hole filled hole dirt charlie stepped looked tree hop don soft fur fun charlie tree grew grew charlie lots things tree didn turn bad charlie tree spring birthday gift charlie saw gift bed train charlie train hose charlie hose birthday hose water tree mom charlie hose watered tree bit happy charlie birthday gifts birthday charlie wants winter passed charlie birthday gift bed ball charlie big ball
birdhouse charlie birdhouse birthday yes dad put bird seed put tree charlie put seed birdhouse waited birds robin birdhouse eggs birdhouse egg hatched egg hatched eggs hatched lots robins spring summer robins lived charlie birdhouse charlie tree winter days turned cold birds don sad charlie dad spring robins spring charlie birthday saw big gift bed dragon charlie dragon ladder ladder birthday charlie need ladder charlie dad need pick cherries tree summer tree cherries charlie friends pick cherries wait charlie friends asked cherries don wait charlie summer big red cherries let pick charlie charlie ladder friends helped cherries charlie mom dad friends hooray charlie friends
grandfather grandmother want pick turnip find help grandfather planted turnip grandmother watered sunup sundown turnip grew grew grandmother going pull turnip pulled pulled turnip didn grandfather going pull turnip pulled pulled turnip didn grandfather grandmother asked help pulled pulled turnip let grandson help grandfather grandson pulled puffed pulled turnip dog help grandfather dog pulled puffed pulled turnip seeing pulling panting cat help cat pulled dog dog pulled grandson grandson pulled grandmother grandmother pulled grandfather grandfather pulled turnip turnip grandfather hen help hen pulled rest turnip pig help grandfather getting set pull blackbird help pulled pig tail turnip fell heap grandfather grasped turnip grinned ear ear
plop splash turkey tappleton downstairs later stood took sniff don smell turkey wife don smell turkey cold don cold insisted mrs tappleton shook pepper air tappleton sneezed cold called son kenny salad today vegetables refrigerator kenny face grew pale yesterday fed vegetables rabbits cook class couldn tell mother covered empty salad bowl foil stuck bowl refrigerator later jenny train pick grandmother grandfather tappleton jenny stayed home mashed potatoes jenny turned mixer telephone rang friend nora jenny talked talked talking today wet glump hit head jenny turned mashed potatoes flying jenny quickly hung telephone wiped mashed potatoes nearly kitchen finished grandfather tappleton door hungry elephant sat table carve turkey tappleton opened oven door turkey mrs tappleton took deep breath explained fine turkey slipped door plop splash pond
cried paco elena going spoil tio roberto bring elena nice mama tio loves love won grumbled paco mama heart room papa trust mother tio drives red sports car paco room papa fishing boat paco room tio suddenly wanted put letter started walk room going going tio visit coming declared wait mama saturday paco sat steps feeling glum going happy tio red sports car coming soon elena sitting paco supposed sit began wonder fun tio roberto going spoil tio car pulled front house jumped tio jumped dog tail wagging elena tio wonderful dog love paco couldn stop smiling understood love
dolphins enemies tank enemies sea killer whales enemies sharks newborn dolphin feet tasty snack hungry whale shark dolphins gathered protect baby soon spray baby dolphin entered water job swim top tank breath air spray quickly wriggled tail top tank later learned baby dolphin weak swim swims wrong direction mother dolphin help baby animals helpless born dolphins spray hear swim addition talk mother dolphin whistling noise blowhole mona whistled spray things big dolphins couldn eat fish teeth didn need months drink mother milk spray found piece fish water swallowed mistake poor spray eat fish plain spray didn feel mona knew rubbed rubbed spray belly flipper
morning woke remembered william felt sad put favorite shirt blue jeans drank juice ate breakfast talked hamsters watched tv afternoon william house william started home home idea turned walked past william house mary ellen house porch steps waited mary ellen didn rang doorbell started scoot porch opened door jimmy mary ellen hello ask mother mary ellen looked bike porch rocket side blue streamers ride mary ellen thanks want bring house mine sure walked house past william house mary ellen pushed bike want asked house inside showed hamsters put finger chew gerbils rode bikes rode past william house past mary ellen past boys playing
pay jane martin find lost dogs clues help find barney missing dog girl jane martin tree house jane sad hope dog detective girl need find dog lost weeks weeks jane look animal shelter jane opened notebook need dog kay newton dog barney picture drew picture help jane barney black poodle red collar tell barney barney kay home weeks ago let dogs run free jane kay face red liked tell barney jane kay thought beg give paw thought loves ice cream running trucks jane smiled real dog jane wrote notebook tree house tomorrow told kay news barney hope cost kay dollars fee twenty cents jane fear quickly kay took twenty cents pocket
jane checked kids street showed picture barney seen dog asked hard kind detectives kids knew barney runs street boy goes corner seen thank jane corner woman working yard jane showed dog detective card showed barney picture barney passes woman think goes park seen week thank jane jane park walked paths looking clues bit ice cream cone grass jane picked barney cone barney eaten cone gave idea shop entrance park jane dish ice cream cost twenty cents detective money jane put ice cream light pole dogs light poles dogs smellers barney loved ice cream smell flies ants white cat bluejay chased cat black dog barney jane shooed ice cream melted chipmunk jane let ice cream threw dish trash home kay luck jane told idea
friends put puppet show rabbit bear decide rabbit girl farmer bear puppets paper bags paper bag look story character colored paper markers yarn puppets practice acting rabbit bear puppets put puppet show groups class read sentence farmer daughter story rabbit bear unlocked gate rabbit hopped sentence word unlocked mean unlocked means gate locked un added word locked word meaning unlocked means locked un beginning word means prefix word part add beginning word word adding prefix word meaning word un prefix means words mean read sentence story rabbit talking farmer daughter sure reopen gate noon sentence word reopen mean reopen means open prefix re added word open word meaning prefix re means read words tell mean
friends think changing places help find missing lives learn gabrielle selena sisters summer sitting simon lilac tree part gabrielle house selena house gabrielle wish selena want asked selena gabrielle put chin hands tired morning wake room say hello father mother eat breakfast think interesting live house house selena things don exactly gabrielle think fun silly selena gabrielle put hands feet look eyes selena started laugh eyes look funny stop fooling won gabrielle turn say selena say gabrielle selena girls took steps backward looked hi gabrielle gabrielle hi selena selena gabrielle supper hurry gabrielle fun house mean house
makes sense dr ram turned mother father goat treated picky eaters taste food comes slowly try giving gregory food eats evening weeks later father goat asked seen striped necktie breakfast mother goat think haven seen sewing basket today think gregory eating father goat yes mother goat evening mother father goat dump home ten flat tires broken violin garden hose piled front sandbox gregory home supper stuff yard supper father goat looks gregory gregory ate tires violin started garden hose think getting sick gregory room lie think gregory ate junk father goat let hope mother goat night gregory tossed twisted morning breakfast breakfast gregory asked father goat scrambled eggs pieces waxed paper juice gregory sounds mother goat gregory learn eat goats eat gregory terrible eater goat
burton deal fresh air blood rushing body didn say zippy don feel zippy want dudley burton dudley walked burton feel tired stop minutes course dudley re fresh air burton lay grass sky looks nice seen look nice burton feeling continue burton dudley burton stopped don suppose carry wet cloth carry scarf soak stream dudley burton helpful splitting headache don fall stream dudley took scarf stream careful fall say pretty stream burton seen pretty stream dudley put damp scarf burton forehead aaah head feels burton re pal scarf soggy worth soggy scarf rid awful headache dudley thanks burton continue burton dudley continued forest hiking hills streams suddenly burton stopped sat
beautiful camel walked gracefully road turned pretty head sky grew brighter brighter tiger monkey saw beautiful camel tree squirrel bright eyes seen going squirrel crept monkey tail squirrel soon monkey ready drop coconut tiger head bite monkey tail beautiful camel walked gracefully road turned pretty head sky grew brighter brighter tiger monkey squirrel saw beautiful camel bird watching tiger monkey squirrel aha bird soon squirrel ready bite monkey tail pounce squirrel tiny head tiger excited forgot tail began swishing side side camel getting nearer nearer sun getting hotter hotter camel getting warmer warmer camel reached shadow tree tiger monkey getting ready camel suddenly stopped
read camel took walk answered questions question asked tiger plan reading story knew answer tiger waiting camel walked shadow beneath tree pounce found answer book times read reread find answer question answered question think tiger pounce camel reached shade tree maybe shade tree gave tiger place jump thought shade hide answer question story think knew tigers camels shade trees surprises information head knowing information book head help decide look answers story questions find answers book answers easy find need sentence times need think search story looking sentences kinds questions answers head answer question story think author tells author help answer question answer questions reading story
air hot ojiisan stood balcony house looked rice fields precious grain ripe ready harvest saw fields villagers leading valley enormous flight golden steps foot mountains saw village stretched curve bay fine rice crop going celebrate harvest tada stand grandfather looked mountain strings paper lanterns hung harvest festival roofs houses festival banners hung motionless heavy warm air earthquake weather ojiisan presently earthquake strong frighten tada japan earthquakes odd slow shaking caused bottom sea house rocked gently times quaking stopped ojiisan keen eyes looked seashore water darkened suddenly drawing village thin curve shore growing wider wider sea running land ojiisan tada saw tiny figures villagers temple streets shore gathering beach water drew shore sand rocks left bare village meant
longer explain earthquakes making stories fantastic animals live underground real story quakes happen bit exciting pick rock hold hand feel notice hard solid stamp foot ground ground feel hard solid think firm unmoving rock earth rock hard solid fact earth separate layers rock crust layer thirty miles deep mantle middle layer goes miles core final layer miles core wide united states rock crust hard cool rock held hand inside mantle core layers rock bend places flow honey inside earth hot heat melts rock causing bend flow hot melted rock pressure build inside earth heated rock expands pushes crust pressure rock snaps earthquake happens strength earthquake depends amount energy releases seismologist named charles francis richter measure energy
earthquakes rated felt human beings quake italy measured richter scale worst earthquake recorded rating occured japan killed nearly seismologists studying ways predicting earthquakes officials knew quakes ahead evacuate areas dangerous scientists things happen big earthquake small quakes occur water level area animals behave strange ways warning signs saved lives earthquake china farmers small village noticed water level wells changing dramatically left farms nick today china relies network citizens report warning signs veterinarians california swamped calls animals behaving unusual ways dogs yelp reason hens won lay eggs cattle refuse barn earthquake animals sense quake hours days actually happens contribute knowledge earthquakes ruth simon scientist california thinks simon studying cockroaches behavior warn coming earthquakes thinks cockroaches perfect creatures study act predictable ways cockroaches simple haven changed appeared earth millions ago
carlos vega decided talk anymore read find mind carlos vega york puerto rico carlos didn york wishing puerto rico puerto rico understood spoke spanish books printed spanish read york learn language names carlos thought spanish english carlos didn words fine wanted show friend took pocket showed didn say look marble carlos decided wouldn talk anymore nod head yes shake head draw pictures explain mean rest week carlos didn say word learned english words didn want listened friends talking didn want stop listening lonely words loud vega family beginning worry carlos morning mother asked feel talking today morning carlos smiled shook head friday carlos older brother angel leaving school hello turned saw boy age angel
wrote sidewalk ricky wrote heard chalk rub sidewalk house wait angel carlos stood thought minute person met didn want start talking ricky change mind later ricky couldn face pictures carlos going talk live ricky told carlos lived ricky mother walking door ricky re supposed wait school delayed wait ricky mother carlos hello carlos thank walking ricky home carlos nodded head ricky room carlos saw unusual book open desk book letters page lots bumps book carlos asked ricky read ricky called braille system bumps letters read touching bumps fingers carlos touched bumps page wish touch letters read
wonderful sight enormous tank tall story building tank sheets metal fastened rivets patrick large round heads rivets pounded rows seams painted sides tank words purity distilling company giant tank filled molasses thought molasses patrick mouth water winter patrick arrived home school lunch mama asked molasses pail filled hurry filled corner store school thought molasses patrick green eyes twinkled finished lunch grabbed pail ran fast run connor store connor shook head sorry disappoint lad molasses barrel empty patrick walked slowly store mouth watering molasses idea blocks farther street store bigger papa passed walks patrick sure molasses late school holding tight pail handle ran street doorstep stop catch breath moment heavy rumbling sound filled air bang boom bang boom boom wh sh patrick rushed corner
ding ding ding bell rang lap mile marshall speeded racer crossed finish line boy red shirt tall boy marshall crossed line jay hurried help marshall stop number exclaimed hay wasn marshall beat beat forty race re try ten mile race marshall win agreed hay couldn win think finish try marshall tired stop racers drop fifty laps race hay spoke judges marshall rested riders grassy center track news hay joining marshall try ten mile race marshall wheeled starting line don try fast hay marshall bicycle wobbled marshall bent clip feet pedals hay steadied marshall feel heart thumping hard hands felt slippery bicycle handles whistle blew marshall legs felt shaky shouted bang hay shoved marshall bicycle hard marshall smell dust flew
end bicycle rider read sentences marshall taylor fastest bicycle rider nicknamed major taylor stood straight black person participate national bicycle races black white racers sentences told story bicycle rider real person marshall taylor famous story biography biography story person biography tell person entire times biography tell part read marshall taylor entire read part began bicycle riding mary scioscia author bicycle rider think wrote story author biography learn person writing listed questions mary scioscia thought gathering information marshall taylor biography famous important live growing helped begin racing career answers questions bicycle rider ms scioscia wrote biography story words characters included real events marshall taylor biographies written questions answered visit library biography person
jill running dragging fletcher chased girl dog show past irish setters english sheepdogs airedales cornered fox terriers cut pictures library books accused gwen law selfish thing jill couldn help pam parents sick hearing ask dog wouldn buy book pictures dogs started going library going cut picture wall suddenly voice boomed loudspeaker basset hound competition begin minutes main ring yelled jill waking fletcher hurried main ring pam fletcher win prize judge stomach slumped won unusual markings congratulations pam shyly gwen jill ring sorry library books pam started scratch top fletcher head love dogs don gwen fletcher wonderful pam think basset hounds nice lhasa apsos jill grinned afternoon gwen jill took pam books fletcher library hobart told pam parents pay books promise cut picture library book
annie touched web wrinkles crisscrossed grandmother face slowly hogan door father sat cross working silver fire making handsome heavy necklace annie passed big loom mother sat weaving annie sat loom watching mother slid weaving stick place strings warp red wool mother added row slanting arrow red bright dull background annie thoughts wandered thought stories grandmother told stories hardship rains flooded desert dry weather rains fall pumpkins corn dry field annie looked sand cactus bore red fruit thought coyote guarding scattered hogans navajos annie watched mother worked sit mother looked smiled ready weave daughter annie shook head continued watch mother twisted weaving stick warp making shed strands gray red wool mother softly knew annie wanted annie ran find grandmother gathered twigs brush feed small fire middle hogan evening meal grandmother called family annie mother father stood quietly respectfully waiting grandmother speak
morning grandmother annie bus stop meet school bus dawdled walking slowly watching feet miss bus suddenly want miss knew annie ran hard fast breathing deeply yellow bus waiting stop climbed aboard bus moved stopping hogans annie sat plan school bad bad teacher send mother father mother father school talk teacher mother weave playground annie teacher charge girls gymnasium class lead exercises today teacher asked answered teacher laughed leader teacher young yellow hair blue skirt wide heels brown shoes high teacher kicked shoes girls laughed annie jogged past spot teacher shoes lay ground picked shoe hid folds dress annie jogged past trash dropped shoe inside girls saw laughed frowned solemn
line jogged schoolhouse door annie slipped line inside room desk clearly heard teacher spoke girls shoe voice pleasant silence limping shoe shoe teacher room girls giggling holding hands mouths funny teacher need shoe annie looked boards floor shiny black beetle crawled cracks door opened teacher inside shoe hand passed annie desk touched shoulder smiled saw playing tricks teacher looked annie room school annie waited timidly hammering heart teacher desk want mother father school tomorrow asked annie teacher shoe annie face hot hands cold turned ran climb bus finally bus stop hopped slowly trudged home stopped loom rug higher waist night curled blanket slept lightly awakened dawn sound mother sheepskin
feel writing worksheet writing profile help evaluate writing history habits problems information teacher answer questions worksheet discuss answers class students say problems writing surprising beginning student writers experienced professional authors problems writing hard begin worry spelling grammar words don look cross things worry mistakes trying say paper freewriting writing nonstop ten minutes writing started freewriting kind talking paper starts ideas flowing helps find say worrying mistakes simply write mind begin freewriting discover generating ideas words phrases sharpen specific thought sit piece paper trying think paper amazing thing release feelings write stay forever read records hundreds ago lets happened happens happening paper amazing thing write turn teachers watch return red notes
diary book blank pages diaries write happened journals records happens selection memorable experiences writer thoughts feelings student journal keeping found journal portfolio week took memory eighth grade similar assignment due week lot moaned groaned enjoyed chance express couldn express thoughts grade thoughts going mind think idea teacher options write put mind job bad idea express writing lot discover side knew thing nice assignment brings variety english class nouns verbs adjectives sentence paragraph structure brings extra meaning learning english class journal place practice kinds writing student working descriptive writing wrote journal morning eating breakfast sat observed student looked explosion mattress factory gobble food began eating orgy gripping fork small fist
write interview follow steps read steps notice follow diagram writing process freewrite impressions interview begin writing article discover freewriting opening line phrases want strong impression help decide want say look notes interview fill details clarify written interview fresh mind decide want include want leave ask questions writing reader want subject answered map article graphic organizer seeing picture facts helps decide important try graphic organizers categories history school filled examples organize information depending person interviewed fewer categories article writing easier expected write draft break groups turn read draft aloud group members respond ways list main points interview writer writing understandable tell impresses article ask questions don understand needs detailed explanation
area win independence latin america spanish portuguese colony french saint modern haiti occupied western island hispaniola french seized area spain early remaining spanish colonies americas dominican republic part hispaniola gained independence era revolutions mainland spain able islands puerto rico cuba end saint france profitable colonies exported sugar coffee indigo spices colony half million black mulatto slaves ruled french creoles addition free blacks mulattoes french revolution broke creoles tried control island government french officials creoles arguments drawn philosophes terms liberty equality fraternity appealed blacks mulattoes free slave creoles free mulattoes attempted bargain rule slaves rebelled slaves participated revolt plantations burned french mulattoes killed fled country pierre toussaint slave gained control disciplined rebels fighting continued french government abolished slavery colony meantime spain britain attempting island toussaint followers joined french fight toussaint found head saint government civil war broken side won
journal listening journal days journal busy place school nearby write conversations hear listen variations speech patterns option select conversation think interesting write dialogue write edit taking words phrases think unnecessary write listening experiences listening experience try include type listening class lecture class discussion social appreciative sympathetic description experience took place situation evaluation listening skills difficult listen situations find tuning learn listening closely usual prepared discuss findings class listening goals listen based experiences worksheet help discover words thing words item want teams collect information think sources information editing reference section find list words unusual backgrounds interview speaks differently ask differences background account variations speaking style questions include distinctive style speaking famous sayings background listen carefully notes tell class interview
geographers methods social scientists studying identifying regions earth geographers historians anthropologists sociologists gather information classify measure form hypothesis guess information process gathering information carried variety ways actually traveling place observing physical cultural characteristics called field observation geographers study rise fall river water level compare observation geographer maybe centuries geographers compare location appearance present city city existed past kind information gathered geographers feed computer analyzed called statistical analysis analysis geographer gain results answers mathematically exact finally common important tools geographers collect information place study maps making map learn geography earth observing distance outer regions space pictures earth spacecraft cameras provided geographers valuable information changing character earth surface information transferred maps globes maps globes tools geographers reading special characteristics maps globes sections globe model earth miniature look globe notice variety information shown oceans continents rivers islands mountains deserts cities
assyrian empire defeated groups fought medes plateau area east scythians area north caspian sea aral sea chaldeans babylon defeat assyrians medes scythians returned homelands find regions lived map page chaldeans combined remains assyrian empire kingdom form empire empire ruled strong leader called nebuchadnezzar height empire covered fertile crescent map page shows extent chaldean empire rule nebuchadnezzar babylon rebuilt surrounded wall miles beautiful buildings built inside wall greatest ziggurat palace king palace hanging gardens tropical plants gardens considered wonders ancient ziggurat believed largest built babylon rich important city arts commerce highly developed schools scientists maps heavens worked system recording length today chaldean emppire height medes growing power medes gradually extended empire eastward babylon medes added territory brought persians rule persians rebelled medes persian prince named cyrus united groups rule
egypt place full rich gold mines soil black white veins run earth veins shine white marble sorts bright metals overseers gold dug mines labor vast number slaves slaves condemned mines dangerous criminals captives war persons falsely accused king angered order king relatives punish increase profit gain king slaves mines bound chains continually allowed rest night strictly guarded escape soldiers guard soldiers strange lands speak strange languages impossible bribe speaking oversees quarrying marble points stone shows laborers wants cut iron pickaxes strongest slaves break marble rock sheer force strength slaves mines carry lamps fastened foreheads give light total darkness tunnels mine throw lumps pieces cut rocks floor boys alongside miners gather lumps pieces effort carry mine overseer whips workers severely care bodies poor creatures rag cover nakedness
indian culture reached high point gupta empire period arts flourished rulers supported poets storytellers playwrights india epic poems mahabharata ramayana written enormous book filled heroic tales philosophy religious instructions prayers shorter tells story rama incarnations forms god vishnu drama poetry important place guptas indian painting developed unique style paintings filled information daily india period famous murals wall paintings caves ajanta age guptas indians began write literature soon class scribes developed recall vedas survive written composed works composed gupta period professional copiers write indian stories especially fables fairy tales popular parts story sinbad sailor instance india majority living ancient india farmers lived small villages plowed fields teams oxen fields raised crops wheat rice barley sugar cane vegetables early indian farmers discovered crop planted ruining soil learned rotate crops season let field remain unplanted parts india fields irrigated canals ditches carried water rivers streams
system noble land supporters return help times war called feudalism system developed china chou dynasty developed early japan japanese nobles gradually accumulated huge tracts land paid taxes land grew wealthy wealth acquired power eventually nobles powerful rule lands approval national government nobles established bands warriors order lands exchange tracts land peasants worked warriors known samurai swore total allegiance nobles known daimyo promised support times crisis crops raised peasants lands samurai taxed heavily proceeds samurai source income samurai parcel land samurai promise support promised support daimyo samurai leaders large bands warriors samurai nobles served thought members family samurai lords related blood marriage fact samurai called gokenin means family japanese samurai eventually grew numerous separate class japanese society shoguns belonged samurai class samurai expected fight times war military duties peacetime samurai government officials scholars
crusades kings europe gradually gained power slow process kings struggled nobles churchmen want give wealth privleges kings england france spain won struggle created national states control strong central authority power nobles broken church lost power influence england kingdoms develop strong monarchy monarchy country ruled king queen fall roman empire england invaded german tribes known angles saxons tribal christians set kingdoms england native peoples england forced move scotland ireland wales england remain german hands vikings began raid anglo saxon kingdoms famous anglo saxon kings alfred successfully protected kingdom vikings spite alfred efforts invaders settled eastern england finally anglo saxons vikings learned live peacefully side side invaders conquered england invaders normans normans descendants vikings raided settled coastal regions france ruler known william conqueror established dynasty ruling family french speaking normans nobles ruling class england
fall rome eastern europe faced threats invasion directions west germans war slavs settled slavic lands east tribes asiatic nomads raided parts poland hungary romania leaving destruction terrible raiders mongols pushed eastern europe poland hungary adriatic sea returning asia dangerous threat eastern europe south eastern europe safe byzantine empire stood balkins moslem gradual decline byzantine empire finally ottoman turks invade kingdoms eastern europe conquer ottoman turks arrived europe conquer constantinople adrianople capital city located miles west constantinople invaded serbia defeated serbian army battle kossovo serbian king killed serbs lost independence turks free nation corner serbia able hold turks part kingdom known montenegro territory montenegro rugged mountains deep valleys dense forests proved difficult area conquer turkish armies tried defeat montenegro times entirely successful montenegro remained free turkish control serbs lived montenegro organized small selected princes rule
magyars invaded german speaking lands bands oppose abbot showed ready prepare defense magyar advance known spot chosen place hide carried treasures books abbot told vigorous monks weapons spears shields forged wood enemy approached large body small bands attacked towns villages looting burning surprise attacks able find victims unprepared suddenly burst forests bands hundred knew magyars smoke red light fires sky revealed ruin brought monastery simple foolish monk named harold words deeds laughed monks began flee monastery told leave answered nay let flee stay leather shoes monks tried force fought swearing budge step abbot gave leather shoes monks fled remained stubborn unworried finally wild magyars rushed monastery armed bows arrows weapons busily searched place spare young woman child
axum center greatest ivory market northeastern africa extensive trade middle eastern mediterranean brought constant contact peoples kings axum spoke greek excellent relations rulers roman empire rise axum spelled defeat kush axum power grew kush isolated trade contact peoples auxum christian protectorate roman empire link rome helped axum stable encouraged expansion axum trade arabia india mediterranean coast eastern africa britain axum grown powerful defeat kushites destroy capital city meroe axum declined shortly decline related gradual collapse rome empire remained auxum basis christian ethiopia fall axum east african coast influence moslems moslems expanded north africa west atlantic ocean tried extend influence sudan east african coast concentrated controlling nubia land southwest egypt nubians wanted ward moslem threats lands agreed peace treaty send nubian slaves moslem arabs harm moslem traders return arabs agreed respect nubia independence supply items cloth horses nubians moved westward soon sudan guinean coast
south england middle colonies york jersey pennsylvania delaware colonists area england neighbors raised corn wheat vegetables crops shipped products england main exports england tar turpentine hemp rope ship masts colonists area engaged trinagular trade england africa west indies centers trade developed philadelphia york boston massachusetts newport rhode island major slave markets southern colonies included maryland virginia north carolina georgia southern colonists seeking religious freedom northern colonies obtain land plantation system soon south dominant economic pattern plantations huge tracts farmland cultivated white indentured servants slaves africa indentured servants persons agreed return passage receiving room board free women indentured children indentured servants english colonies slaves africa children remained slaves early group slaves virginia attempted rebel free joined unsuccessful rebillion white indentured servants land grants plantation owners acres southern plantations raised tobacco rice indigo sugar cane cotton tobacco remained profitable money crop colonial period
industrial revolution series manufacturing trade centuries period inventions ways producing goods developed rapidly key took place england north america similar countries western europe latin america countries western head start development machines industry transportation trade countries west able place industrial leaders industrial revolution simply wave inventions pattern economic england western europe america changed simple hand operated tools replaced machines longer goods home individual workers large scale production carried factories employed numbers workers industrial revolution brought shift population gradually moved rural areas cities factories built jobs offered cities crowded cities founded grew rapidly merchants searched markets machine goods sources needed raw materials methods trade transportation business organization developed large scale system production operating industry important agriculture depend food need survive agriculture europe changed middle ages early number began seeking improved ways farming english landowner named jethro tull
late france ruled louis xvi louis weak ruler prepared deal complex affairs bankers longer willing lend money king despite louis xvi queen royal court continued live extravagant carefree style king ministers unable solve money problem finally king louis decided hold elections estates general france parliament met french kings powerful rule advice assistance king hoped estates general elected representatives find help churchmen estate elected representatives assembly nobles estate representatives estate elected represent france course vast majority king louis decided permit estate elect representatives estates combined according tradition estates meet separately estates general met town paris king expected estates hold separate meetings estate refused claimed represent french churchmen nobles elected estate commoners king louis xvi tried punish estate refusal locking members meeting place representatives gathered indoor tennis court took oath later known tennis court oath disband political france
closely related events egypt formation baghdad pact baghdad pact alliance formed protect turkey pakistan iraq iran soviet union full member baghdad pact united states joined military committee britain ruled middle eastern countries colonies war ii full member pact nasser denounced pact effort undermine split arab nations offend egypt united states joined pact congress march granted president eisenhower request send american aid including troops middle eastern nation threatened aggression country controlled international communism statement known eisenhower doctrine senate provided million assist middle eastern countries developing economic military power eisenhower doctrine play president lebanon asked help lebanon threatened pro nasser arab nationalists communists eisenhower marines beirut capital lebanon remained months end early part lebanon trouble spot moslem christian groups economic social political religious differences involved bitter bloody civil war united states intervene directly war lebanon regular army unable suppress conflict january lebanese moslems lebanese units palestine liberation army gained control country order restored president assad syria intervened sending syrian dominated assuming role peacemaker
china course remained powers asia india japan faced soviet union refusal help industrialize chairman mao tung decided follow stalin industrialize foreign help land peasants creation huge government owned farms called communes supposed increase china output agricultural products increase provide capital needed establish heavy industy china chinese asked longer hours lower wages sacrifices order industrialize country plan called leap forward turned terrible failure china production increase showed decrease chinese eventually forced buy food western countries avoid famine aftermath leap forward leaders chinese communist party began question mao leadership party slowly divided maoists maoists questions divided important dedicated communist expert maoists insisted important qualification job woman knowledge communist doctrine maoists disagreed didn matter dedicated communism skills help modernize china issues maoists maoists differed early maoists gained control important positions party government mao criticized ridiculed openly
surrounded hostile neighbors israel dependent united states military supplies economic aid political support treaty commits united states defend aid israel alliance nations based assurances support succession presidents based large pro israel sentiment united states washington jerusalem negotiate treaty formally guarantee israel survival case war richard ullman professor international affairs princeton university answers yes treaty ullman argues israels feel secure return arab territory occupied war risk arabs underestimate united states commitment israel treaty need require ullman suggests stationing united states troops israel part alliance positioned arab israeli borders soldiers help prevent attacks effectively south korea west berlin west germany act trip wires serving convince potential aggressor impossibility striking taking american lives drawing united states war nonetheless problems involved israeli united states treaty arabs surprised formal american commitment israel certainly cool arab relations experts believe egypt saudi arabia jordan allow american military presence allow tied israeli withdrawl occupied territories creation palestinian base palestine liberation organization
art bridge spanning rushing river barren trees weaving designs horizon golden dandelion bursting crack sidewalk artists sensitive observers study fascinating designs environment observe shapes colors textures express visual language art lessons unit book introduce basic elements design line shape space form texture color observe environment discover elements nature forms unit learn incorporate elements designs addition visual elements principles design guide arranging composing designs effectively principles include ways bringing balance variety rhythm movement emphasis proportion unity artwork unit explore ways elements principles design discover creative bring ideas imagination design special creation representing expressing feel unit choose complete lesson order select lessons interesting art strand end lesson instructions strands beginning book
sunlight colors sunlight passes droplets water air producing rainbow sunlight makes colors brighter noticed rays sun shining trees leaves gleam color admired stained glass window glows sunlight passes stained glass windows pictured pieces colored glass create beautiful lighting effects churches cathedrals europe america artists observe sunlight affects colors observations artwork experiment colors art materials media lesson experiment light color making stained glass window cardboard colored cellophane tissue paper think interesting windows seen observe examples lesson preliminary sketch window shape fairly small piece paper draw design picture inside window showing variety shapes colors limit choice colors repeat unify design outline shape thick dark lines crayons pastels colored markers color inside shapes model model guide draw lines window large piece thin black cardboard construction paper
collect objects shapes fairly flat side choose things factories workshops practice making clear prints things collected apply paint surface object press object firmly piece paper print solid color watery splotchy put paint object print looks dry faint need paint object smooth pad newspaper printing paper help prints experiment printing objects ways design favorite printing objects repeat prints design repeat lines shapes colors form patterns principle repetition realize things read newspapers magazines books pictures printed thousands copies printing makes single print monoprint making print drawing printing easy quick print artist draw design picture print method artists test ideas making original prints select lesson experiment making prints designs
learning draw depends ability sense discovering forms details visualizing unique artists perceptions turn ordinary things extraordinary creations casual observer tree ordinary object trunk branches filled leaves artist tree extraordinary design nature consisting lines shapes textures colors form space elements design coming seeing touching feeling perceiving important artist abilities draw paint sculpt create book encouraged explore environment observe natural forms express feel art unit introduces basic drawing techniques experiences sketching artist sketchbook addition learning apply elements design able incorporate principles art unity emphasis balance variety proportion rhythm movement artistic creations unit choose complete lesson order select lessons interesting art strand end lesson instructions strands beginning book recall drawings young child remember scribbling lines sheet paper
look environment rounded curved objects observe light hits dimensional forms creating light dark areas note light hits round surfaces areas closest light source lighter areas farther remain shadow curved rounded forms difficult draw flat surfaces shading occur gradually gradual change light dark called gradation show curved surfaces dark light values differences tone tonal achieved shading range pure white pure black hundreds gradations pencil drawing white paper represents lightest areas shaded heaviest lines represent darkest tones achieved pencil methods solid shading side pencil varying degrees thin thick lines spaced close technique cross hatching shaded areas cross hatching method shading crisscrossing lines varying thicknesses shading techniques help solid forms look dimensional lesson draw group curved objects showing differences methods shading pencil arrange curved objects overlap drawing select things size shape sketch contour edges boundaries shape parts overlap shapes
seen young child face full wonder discovering plaything seeing eyes children dance fill excitement eyes older sparkle fun faces worn wrinkles lesson encourages think observe faces young observe drawings lesson contrast notice young child smooth round face large eyes childrens heads look big bodies bodies grown full size faces older deeply lined wrinkles bones pronounced young drawn beautifully portraits shown lesson draw face person face child drawings want preliminary sketch young sibling grandparent lesson instructions drawing facial features begin study faces young decide draw faces notice cheeks children full wide eyes open wide kind innocent stare eyes flat bottom arch higher iris colored part eye showing
lot noise southside high locker room guys clowning lot shouting laughing feeling southside played baseball game season beaten eastern high close game eastern high team city southside season cared bad finished season wins yes charlie connors opened big mouth going stick shouted going number sure sam dawkins jumped chair cried real team going straight wins guys quiet locker room hit sam bigmouth charlie seniors southside season graduating weeks boy sam getting chair graduating seniors lockers forgetting guys graduating beating eastern team bob henning captain southside baseball team
bob henning job turned job application form store manager later mccoy telephoned say start told hair cut told wear shirt tie taking buses town bob inside imperial supermarket early mccoy told minutes store opened store opened morning store mccoy supervisors hello bob mccoy bob office seat minute mccoy reading list prices check prices read fast soon finished mccoy picked microphone jimmy microphone office soon tall young manager office morning jerry mccoy price mccoy gave price list canned goods rest clerk bob henning bob stood shaking hands young mccoy saying jimmy mitchell runs grocery department supervisor
bob working imperial supermarket weeks learned clerk knew worked store knew things bad things job things pay easy watching full job hours clean place light air nice move job bad things stand things lot pressure baggers store busy deductions pay dressed shirt tie store home planned jimmy mccoy bob happy job clerks heavy clean jobs unloading trucks putting trash cleaning floors putting empty bottles bob didn care glad change thing didn things
thousands ago written records wearing clothes type drawings statues remnants clothing museums today evidence types clothes worn early times clothes influenced climate lived materials found surroundings ideas clothing body decoration clothes materials found nature animal skins leaves fibers plants dyes paints gave color clothes plants stones feathers bones teeth shells fur decorate clothes adorn body parts wore clothes suited ideas needs today manufactured materials natural widely decorate clothes adorn body times events styles mobility continue bring ideas clothes importance unit consider factors influenced development clothes body adornment variations clothes today beginnings thousands ago known exactly ago custom wearing garments body ornaments began anthropologists historians believe decorated bodies wore clothes thousands written records anthropologists study early civilizations ways groups live present
opportunities freedom adventure wealth quality encouraged exploration settlement north american continent seventeenth century england france holland spain settle parts europeans changing ways living thinking accepting challenge fighting survival arriving english colonies east coast america surrounded french north west spaniards south english arrived america spaniards claimed florida southwest regions later texas mexico arizona french established permanent settlements canada moved west south lakes mississippi river valley natural resources america produce numerous raw materials pilgrims puritans northeast found difficult living farming turned shipbuilding trade fishing raising sheep wool middle colonies single major product support rich land yielded wealth grains fruits agriculture dutch settled hudson valley skilled dyeing weaving woolens helped york fur trading center southern colonies cultivated plant called tobacco
clothes places actually clothes face hair body shape dimensions posture gestures parts appearance communicates messages communicate send message person receive message person communicating persons sending receiving messages communicating communication involves speaking listening writing reading communicating verbal symbols words verbal symbols means communication pictures diagrams colors sounds nonverbal symbols carry messages siren sound sends warning message colors traffic signals send messages drivers pedestrians posture facial expression gestures nonverbal symbols send messages express feelings surprise anger fear happiness nonverbal symbols clothes wear tell wearer course communication successful meanings verbal nonverbal symbols understood person sending message person receives message sender receiver meaning symbols breakdown communication place misunderstanding section look dress nonverbal symbols send messages
wanda high school finish weeks school thinks guidance counselor calls office wanda going finish school newman asks don wanda tells kinds things newman asks listen music wanda says swimming sew clothes didn sew says newman maybe job sewing clothing factory think don find wanda asks give books newman says tell look job help thank says wanda wanda sees newman looked books gave says think clothing factory says find clothing factories maybe opening soon let look yellow pages newman looks telephone book says newman says clothing apparel let turn page newman looks apparel lot clothing factories says telephone book wanda look addresses
wanda talks phone talking factory manager newman answers manager answer hard talk manager wanda thinks newman helps ask questions knows say makes real calls makes wanda feel real telephone call newman tells wanda help trouble call factory paper wanda calls factory talks manager tells job openings try says newman wanda calls factory paper manager factory asks wanda tuesday school wanda looks calendar says ok says newman call factories later let school wanda calls factory job openings tries jobs wanda feel looks paper factories guess try thinks job openings manager tells wanda job opening asks wanda school mrs lopez factory wanda list
mrs lopez tells wanda pay pay thing says bundle material tag put start sew material pay tag sounds ok wanda says careful mrs lopez adds lose tag paid mrs lopez office think mrs lopez asks think wanda answers start soon school says mrs lopez wanda sees newman tells calls trip clothing factory job says big smile newman happy wanda factory re supposed tuesday called says forgot wanda says call tell took job today big wanda school starts job leaves home early want late wanda factory sees mrs lopez mrs lopez says want meet carmen mrs lopez says sewing machine operator show hi nice meet says carmen
james waiting bus bread factory wants going talk manager james factory looks bookman office bookman manager bread factory james spoke week bookman told today clock james finds bookman office bookman asks seat bookman says fill application bookman says james takes application fills bookman bookman looks application worked factory says wanted factory james says wasn bookman asks yes looking job factory birthday james answers let tell job bookman says tells james factory job think try job james says says bookman start monday week trial period worker stay join union bookman james shake hands monday bookman says monday james goes bookman office inside factory
stan bookman says james supervisor stan james talk minutes locker room stan james shirt pants uniform says wear factory james puts uniform uniform feels strange thinks james wearing uniforms real job stan james card write card says tells hours paid hour ok punch says james writes card james stan clock stan shows james card goes james punches puts card rack show working stan says part factory rolls meet big willy foreman ok says stan leave james tell sure says big willy big willy shows james machine dough rolls comes says job watch roll pans sure piece dough place pan piece wrong place put
james starts working watches pans carefully makes sure pieces dough place morning goes quickly soon lunch big willy takes james lunchroom eat talk things big willy tells james worked factory says nice lunch james goes works hard afternoon seen pans pieces dough thinks end james tired james punches goes home weeks james job watch roll pans ok pieces dough big james pieces small put dough pan sure pan number rolls big willy comes james big willy says watch loaf pans change sure says james getting tired seeing rolls big willy shows james goes wrong james starts watch loaf pans watching roll pans james thinks
greg sitting rock eating lunch works big gardening company today working garden martin house friend jerry comes lunch hi greg says jerry tired worked hard morning says greg lot yeah jerry says sits greg eat lunch rest talk working outdoors says greg worked jobs wasn happy stand inside mean says jerry tried office couldn says jerry trim grass sidewalk greg edger edger tool sharp blade trims edge lawn walls sidewalks jerry follows greg blower blower blow cut grass sidewalk trim edge lawn sidewalk finished place looks neat greg looks sees grass trees needs cut edger tool grass shears tool trim grass side house greg says jerry
afternoon greg builds small wall side house greg thinks takes lot stones small wall greg puts stone top makes sure stones fit finished greg happy wall sure looks thinks build wall morning greg late calls ron bell company office ron bell greg boss late greg says truck leave mean late ron says mad sure truck left bus gomez house hurry wall build greg gomez house goes today build wall trees hard pretty soon greg tired building walls boy glad martin house greg thinks job worked hard clock office greg punches sees jerry pick tomorrow morning greg asks trouble getting sure don mind jerry answers ron real mad don says greg jerry picks greg house morning
janet dolski didn hear mrs robinson call dream imagining model photographer taking pictures turning laughing looking sad ginger look photographer saying janet thought ginger model janet shot ginger janet janet dolski answer teacher mrs robinson calling janet sorry janet thinking face turned red girls boys started laughing thinking mrs robinson class supposed thinking class pay attention class important mrs robinson returned desk talking jobs janet going tell class kind janet stand tell class kind job janet felt trapped tell wanted model laugh slowly janet seat think fast want want saw school nurse pass window flash want nurse janet
city general hospital covered city block large building janet thought hospital buildings joined buildings looked fairly buildings looked hundred afternoon janet maria entered hospital busy place problem getting directions orthopedics department kitty olivera duty janet hospital visited grandfather remember hospital afraid remembered remembered didn smell place going elevator things afraid bad hospital smell cleaning thought janet girls reached orthopedics floor elevator kitty maria kitty sitting desk elevators call nursing station maria kitty talking young girls hello girls jerry sister maria friend janet dolski janet wants hospital looks wants nurse aide
janet dolski working month city general finished nurse aide training part hospital staff classes hospital janet learned things learned bed patient learned give baths rubs learned temperatures pulse counts learned things later put learned practice hospital classes small groups groups boys girls study program high schools city janet proud high school janet training martin aides trained course mistakes put patient wrong room took patient wrong clinic mrs chong mistakes bad bad asked janet stay geriatrics department doctors nice things janet case fell bed janet remembered aid moved quieted called doctor doctor showed janet head
phrase honest written sentences honest don enjoy watching football games tv honest sure meaning poem honest think school spirit leaves desired honest think phrase writers don generally suppose honest writer suddenly phrase suggest dishonest think honest sneaking suspicion dishonesty common writing dishonesty common kind writing bad writing writing honest writing description tells writer honestly experienced senses essay glows honest opinions honestly expressed love letter cry loud honest feeling writing matter hiding honest feelings opinions emotions layers fancy words fluffy sentences writing uncovers truth shows writer dishonesty found attitudes writing strangely poor writing embarrassment poor speech person troubles speaking says mumbles slang likely accept cheerfully talking
learning write sound strange regular schedule difficult joy works chapter stated write familiar written dialect person gain familiarity reading silent reading read aloud minutes hear hear patterns written english slowly able naturally writing passages book marked colored squares lend read aloud search suitable material textbooks newspapers find magazines fun try find articles short interesting written read meaning pay close attention punctuation stumble sentence beginning start sentence paragraph try find copy notebook copying practice spent shouldn subtracted spend reading try read aloud fifteen minutes don forget read weekends vacations able find place actually read aloud
word phobia fear dread normal don panic chapter ask writing chapter give topic method write topic subject favorite phobia method thought association scribble gram panic mention russians russian person bad case russophobia person fears small closed places suffer claustrophobia person fears wide open spaces agoraphobia insane persons developed phobias normal degree small foolish phobias part nearly look list follows phobia complete list phobias instance phobophobia means guessed fear phobias simply fear fear word ending phobe refer person phobia person fears high places acrophobe fears wide open spaces agoraphobe subject paper favorite phobia method thought association scribble gram writing ideas past experiences print topic case favorite phobia big letters center piece paper
lived rich kadish son called atzel household kadish lived distant relative orphan girl called aksah atzel tall boy black hair black eyes aksah shorter atzel blue eyes golden hair age children ate studied played atzel played husband aksah wife granted grew marry grown atzel suddenly ill sickness heard atzel imagined dead idea listening stories paradise nurse constantly place told paradise study effort whatsoever paradise ate meat wild oxen flesh whales drank wine lord reserved slept late duties atzel lazy nature hated early morning study languages science knew father business want nurse told atzel paradise die mind quickly
fun play dreidel children sleep grandmother leah begged tell story father sons daughters sons wore earlocks girls braids standing looked steps ladder hanukkah candles lit hanukkah money sat play dreidel forgetting bedtime mother father reminded getting late children winning wanted win losing wanted win lost suddenly knock door young sideburns curled moustache wore coat lined fox fur hat feather high boots spurs covered snow looked gay untroubled lost blizzard stay till morning stood sleigh adorned carved ivory drawn white horses reins shone jewels boys unharnessed horses took stable fed hay oats asked guest hungry wolf replied join playing dreidel gladly sat table play ate pancakes cinnamon drank tea jam puffed smoke rings amber pipe
hanukkah night snow fell evening covered chelm silver tablecloth moon shone stars twinkled snow shimmered pearls diamonds evening elders sitting pondering wrinkling foreheads village need money suddenly oldest gronam fool exclaimed snow silver pearls snow shouted diamonds called clear elders chelm treasure fallen sky soon began worry chelm liked walking certainly trample treasure silly tudras idea let send messenger knock windows let remain houses silver pearls diamonds safely gathered elders satisfied rubbed hands approval clever idea dopey lekisch called consternation messenger trample treasure elders realized lekisch wrinkled high foreheads effort solve problem exclaimed shmerel ox tell tell pleaded elders messenger foot carried table feet tread precious snow
jester newton stepped hotel room quick left turn suppose turn beat dwain asked foot holding arms jumped turned half circle landing foot arms held straight sides bent suddenly brought left foot say dwain re looking cried jester guys looking trying put act guys won look jester walked nearest chair threw young room part rock group uppers paid attention jester dwain eating left room service lunch buster larry malcolm playing cards table window dave reading paper morrie bathroom room looked war clothes instruments appeared likely places empty bottles glasses night sure job tonight jester asked dwain dwain finished eating answered told don worry tonight rainbow club paid cool
jester busy breakfast lon bellhops ate room kitchen jester learned worked hotel ate bellhops kitchen staff lived hotel breakfast lon took jester room living small room part hotel beds jester room george left jester cleaned put bellhop uniform sonnier left bed thought looked funny uniform laughed hard cried took look mirror stood soon thought looked pretty uniform straight stand told thought looking bellhop seen jester found sonnier registration desk lobby kind fat middle uniform bell captain suppose working pretty quickly hard puts anselm sonnier understand yes sir sonnier answered jester understand leslie idea give job mine
weeks job jester thought knew bellhop bell captain showed things bellhops showed things sonnier jester played straight things sonnier month job jester saw lot learn happening things liked job days exactly fact hour brought experience experiences stay hotel stilton guests visiting metropolis business guests sights visit guests countries famous hotel politicians television movie stars known rock group stayed week working stilton jester turned tips manager meant money spend days wanted pay bill soon bill finally paid half months leslie called jester office
sweat poured johnny tallchief cool johnny steps ten times hour helping ray jim move story apartment turn radio jim called pam bringing lunch twelve likes music playing ray turned transistor sounds tip tony hot rock roaring room tip tony girl ray asked perfect jim answered turn louder ok push home free friends chief need table chairs truck ray return truck rental place pay johnny took deep breath push left street johnny jim lowered table chairs truck sidewalk truck empty ray took johnny jim carried load apartment sixteen seventeen eighteen heaven jim counted reached top step johnny set table chairs middle room threw floor hot tired hungry heard pad elevator johnny growled
water circuits plant biggest building sight johnny door bus stop inside girl desk sign gave pass stick shirt gave directions personnel office ask judson personnel office young told johnny judson busy fill application form simple tests give seated johnny table gave form rex desk need johnny borrow pen couldn remember dates needed couldn think references didn addresses anyway exactly prepared surprises filled form johnny looked named rex watching rex table give tests sitting johnny company sure color test jobs plant color sight important johnny easily tell colors card held rex board front timed test
ginger didn johnny wondering happened assembler knew assembler stopped line helen visited jamie gary busied cleaning boots foreman jed burns turned belt johnny waited jed brought showed ginger problem johnny heard say week station ahead start belt turning johnny raised voice hi rick friendly neighborhood fill fix ready set let johnny seen rick couldn wait morning break talk known job rick buy cup coffee johnny offered rick sure fill johnny asked fix circuits rick answered keeps toes tell plant twenty jobs step moment notice wow johnny learn knew job rick funny started diodes foreman told needed dip package bench dips learn sips easily meant jobs
julie soong stood door empty dressing room noon rush dresses put racks silly women thought buying silly clothes silly questions look blue yellow miss soong straight full buttoned bowed cared looked julie clothes warm covered understand customers mrs bordon entered shop dressed mrs bordon biggest spender julie eyes rolled ceiling comes dragon clothes horse saw julie thought friend patty patty mrs dixon boss julie happily eaten words late julie soong mrs dixon snapped julie turned anger mrs dixon eyes mrs dixon thought patty julie surprise sure mrs bordon didn hear mrs dixon guess think think mrs dixon coldly working dress shop mistake women buy clothes sell clothes wrong julie wrong wrong customers wrong shop today give week pay
julie idea took getting family happy mother happy boys easily father touched started filling station supper turned peter morning paper son check want ads julie pulled table paper place start missy save lot running peter kitten trailing brought paper need soong taking part let help wanted ran finger listings service station attendant listings today luck honey julie father read ads closely ft stand papa mean full eoe equal opportunity employer means chinese minorities hired fairly stations want experienced help look promising afraid julie cheerful mrs fry booklets say check yellow pages telephone book peter start top hit listing tomorrow howard picking kittens asked listed julie call twenty tomorrows city map learn mail rounds map stations close
months julie felt learned ropes marr ben job told tow truck morning marr hung telephone called julie leave lube job lady called car won start jim car rolling julie sweeten lady julie tow truck flat jim took wheel drove neighborhood miles watch block think customer ahead julie pointing standing green car jim pulled truck car julie gasped woman mrs dixon boss picture marr chuckling garage knew mrs dixon jim luckily uniform printed pocket hoped mrs dixon notice jim hopped truck mrs dixon started telling jim story late hoped help looked tow service yellow pages glad fast didn julie jim tried start engine
kit kerry carlton room talking things picture kit flower shop waited mrs cliff making bouquet hands knees cleaning potted plant dropped cliff hurrying plant suddenly telephone rings crawl answer guess guess kerry smiled joe times horsing kit merrily pretend taking order didn kit kerry laughed say kit pretended holding telephone yes sir hand roses glads want send forget sweet peas lips girl ask kerry trying straight face kerry loved sister stories kit laugh joke flirt night lights smile faded kerry face kit days merry chase ring circus days led place job cannery fun saw friends making love low
kerry smiled cliff knew smiling shaking inside push past thought looks kit handle mercy hospital cliff saying pulled drive park delivery zone marked trucks middle doors kerry order desk person deliver asked softly desk don sit laughed counter sign delivery slips hospital deliver rooms minutes added bouquet red roses sue komansky plant judge turner kerry took orders inside wheel chair signing papers desk thin woman looked tired waited exactly kerry afraid surely sick thought surely wait luckily kerry girl counter saw comes cheer called kerry supposed wheel chair thin woman smiled flowers beautiful
clock kerry traffic pete station pete started sliding door happened told leave van kerry telephoned mrs cliff told happened tell kit don walk shop won randy walker home night randy took kit home laughed lot high school days kit reminded silly pranks remembered parted randy turned kerry softball asked playing roger park team tomorrow night pick kit joe going kit started singing ball game randy pizza later kerry idea walked house touching ground tuesday cliff stopped kerry wholesale market morning van home tonight mrs cliff give card order forms cliffs ordered needed kerry pick flowers
larry vandenberg couldn believe ears sailor desk telling couldn join navy larry tried speak mouth dry swallowed wrong sick say didn pass physical look larry sailor trying nice didn report doctor says didn pass physical high blood pressure report larry looked paper sailor held couldn read words swimming eyes sure sure don think high blood pressure larry turned walked room hall boys physicals hitting laughing passed passed remember larry planning join navy say family face friends larry told going navy finished high school father navy older brother ken navy
office red cloud pointing later bunkhouse side ok larry jumped pickup thanks guys pickup left larry took look camp looked west square buildings sides fourth side open mountains middle square stood pole flying american flag larry took deep breath fresh air felt person walking steps knocked door office called voice inside larry walked saw tall strong looking standing desk desk covered books papers pots earth young fellow pedro called bill jenson held hand yes jenson larry shaking hands larry vandenberg pedro told give job big bill jenson sat waved larry chair desk pedro tells iowa ran bad luck honest larry larry surprised question looked big bill jenson straight eye yes honest thought moment didn tell pedro let family
larry vandenberg telephone talking father newton iowa card asking sure card father wait call say california logging camp ok larry sorry didn call run lying asked father don answered larry reason thought navy wouldn couldn face couldn face silly changed camp working logger don say sorry larry father head talked mother days left navy called mistake yes mistake put physical report boy don high blood pressure hear wrong navy larry mistake strangely found didn care father talked
laura panachek brushed hair music radio latest hit song playing gonna rock heaven hot cart let break heart laura stopped brushing took look want rock heaven thought half pretty hair goes laura listened rest song let honeypot fo mo turn radio laura heard mother voice loud music stand noise morning move eat laura snapped radio walked hall kitchen past mother door pets rabbits stood cages laura poked noses wire laura petted thin dog jumped reached petted puppy look hungry didn home night guess don home dog put paws licked laura face think pups think left going think mrs panachek called kitchen door animals find home days goes dog pound
laura sat hard chair office school counselor josephson figured wanted trouble sat thinking happened moments woman laura felt heart beat faster walked slowly office counselor seated desk reading looked minute put papers reading pointed chair sit laura miss marsdale says ran picnic laura nodded yes smart thing laura easy running helps miss marsdale didn school worried didn think josephson laura looked hands start looking warden miller called say laura sqirmed seat feel tears start josephson continued miss marsdale fighting albert threw food happening laura hold tears longer looked cried teases picks calls names hate hate school hate miss marsdale says fault
oops sorry clean laura ed glad means food spill pay ed spoke hint smile grinned laura grinned knew teasing fun end alan drove laura home ran steps house bubbling news jumped steps pushed door open hey mom guess want stay summer raise mrs panachek slowly arm chair snapped tv wondered scatterbrain bad nice clean job guess dollar hour alan leaves charge smelly animals want spend days shoveling animal dirt setting table dinner laura felt crushed understand mother didn share excitement sadly feed pets dusty dog wanted pulled rope wagged tail jumped laura licked face
bob friends restaurant school sit counter soda today bob goes restaurant feels sad father sick bob money help family matter bob asks ed owner restaurant ed bob talk money bob answers want find job cook ed asks yeah cook bob says dinner mother goes things bob laughs adds try dinners ed try things help short order cook ed asks bob afraid try dinners order things help says bob thanks ed start ed asks bob says talk mother home bob takes walk park sure money says fun working restaurant cook learn things
home bob talks mother job happy thinks young young mom bob says thinks sure mother laughs re tall re mom want job bob says ok mother says guess try bob goes restaurant tells ed start saturday ed says let show place re busy ed shows bob grill bob seen times sitting counter looks carefully looks side counter hamburgers bacon things ed tells bob re hard says bob home times learn grill hard ed says learn cook things ed shows bob kitchen sure big kitchen bob says cooking home cook lot things fast says ed bob asks food takes cook yes don takes ed says hurry
cook help find things ed says sure hope remember says bob don worry hang soon ed tells bob walks home feels bit scared maybe easy saturday bob early fixes breakfast thinks job going start today looks clock restaurant ed asked early help breakfast morning ed says bob restaurant hello bob says ed ready sure bob says ed tells give apron meet tony short order cook bob puts apron look real cook thinks ed smiling ready asks ready says bob scared anymore bob ed counter tony bob ed says help hello bob glad meet says tony shake hands re cook ed tells bob hope job thanks says bob ok tony ed says starting tell bob easy tony remember need scrambled eggs bacon waitress tells tony ok judy tony tells
mary finished high school wants job sure restaurant factory downtown office don mary thinks brother likes working office maybe mary setting table dinner brother comes home david find office jobs mary says funny ask david answers today heard job office building kind job mary asks duplicating room azb company david says worked mary asks pay don mary david answers want duplicating room call tomorrow morning ask mary afraid call say calls tells talk white white comes telephone mary says mary steward heard want duplicating room yes miss steward white answers tomorrow morning talk glad mary says morning mary early washes hair ready wants look nice neat office building looks
mary takes elevator floor help lady desk asks mary steward white says lady mary paper fill application miss steward mary knows fill application learned school fills mary meets white looks application finished high school says tells mary job hour lunch paid week stay later paid show duplicating room white says white mary duplicating room white shows mary duplicators think job white asks mary likes office yes says young standing machines al baker white says al runs duplicating room tells mary al mary steward glad meet mary al says smile leave al says white tell job monday morning lot al says office give letters papers copy
monday morning comes mary goes office goes duplicating room al morning mary says ready hi says al lot today show machine works al shows mary machine duplicator tells xerox company companies duplicating machines xerox duplicators push button says power al says makes machine lift cover al goes mary watches al wants learn machine copy original al says put face al shows mary put original al says sure put original place put left side glass put wrong won copy original mary says want copy look original yes al answers put cover push button says start print machine copy original copy tray al picks copy says try mary copy originals
joe school today school joe wants garage working cars lunch joe feel playing kids wants school garage joe goes garage school likes watch cars garage joe wants garage wants help fix cars hank mechanic fixes cars lets joe watch fix cars cars don hank asks joe yes cars joe says watch learn helper hank asks joe joe answers surprise sure says hank think helper cars learn tomorrow hank joe shake hands joe happy garage school hank teach things learn lot cars today joe comes garage school wait start working hank shows joe tools need hank hands joe wrench kinds wrenches hank says
summer june friends summer jobs wants job wants money friends june asks june sister kathy works restaurant waitress likes job talks kathy comes home june asks find job restaurant talk manager kathy says boss job try restaurant try ice cream place tomorrow says june june goes ice cream place asks manager manager waitress tells june tomorrow june walks ice cream place want wait tomorrow says let place street maybe need summer june goes restaurant street asks manager hurry looking job waitress june says waitress asks june tells try hard sure manager says re busy need knows sorry june feels bad job thinks
june walks feels bad sits think able job want summer june goes home want give getting job easy kathy comes home tells easy job kathy says takes trying yeah june says hate tell maybe boss knows place needs waitress kathy says ask thanks says june june tries goes places managers say need june walks home look sad night kathy comes home says june news asked mrs davis knows waitress jobs needs summer wants talk tomorrow clock wow thanks says june wait june goes restaurant sees kathy mrs davis sister june kathy tells mrs davis glad kathy told mrs davis says need help lunch part
restaurant june says scared help sure kathy answers scared ok kathy knows june wants job remembers started working hard kathy adds want mrs davis think re worker june kathy mrs davis morning june says ready mrs davis says start put restaurant shirt kathy kathy june restaurant shirt june puts mrs davis says tables sure clean set kathy show june wipes tables asks kathy things set tables station show kathy says station set table need silverware napkins placemats kathy tells june silverware bin napkins placemats kathy points places june starts set tables chairs table june needs place settings place setting placemat napkin set silverware takes station puts placemat front chair puts napkin silverware placemat
tony capella watched classroom clock wished move faster teacher mrs rilling calling read parts play don call tony thought ten minutes till bell tony suddenly heard tony read part waiter mrs rilling asked tony felt sick mrs rilling pick thought didn hand fair tony hated read plays class hated read loud reason read reading began tony quickly looked short play wanted lines felt waiter part small maybe play reading stopped classmates looking matter thought tony mrs rilling kindly believe line tony looked book found place began read don tony idea word seconds passed laughed softly sound tony ears burn serve mrs rilling word serve room laughed loud tony face turned red don serve read br read word students whispering laughing
summer quickly tony savings building soon start looking car august wore tony wondered future wondered working school september surprise students saw months ago wasn happy kids knew liked idea afternoon tony office soda sat desk newspaper paper opened want ads ad circled red ad read tony figured wilcox left ad tony wondered happy working school wilcox maybe anymore lunch tony asked wilcox ad wilcox asked jokingly don silly replied custodian helpers tony dropped newspaper lunch table ad business wanted thought interested boss chance move perfectly happy working tony wilcox smiled tony reason lookout job
cold november afternoon wilcox sat office thinking boiler room suddenly knock door wilcox wondered hour walked night custodian hadwell insurance company tony cried wilcox told visit tony shook hands wilcox opened cooler handed helper soda tony asked usual wilcox students writing jokes bathroom walls wiping getting funnier asked tony boss bad jokes want hear job working tony buffing floors shampooing rugs pretty busy week tony held card card tony full member building services union wilcox whistled loudly knew makings real custodian knew tony thought stick kind wilcox picked book tony brought building repairs read cover
david need things supermarket david mother says bread milk small peas aw david asks yes says need dinner tonight david hurries store wants soon play ball friends supermarket david sees friends playing ball later david calls supermarket mother soon supermarket david runs aisles picks bread milk looks peas small cans top shelf david stands toes knocks cans fall floor loud bang david feels bad knocked cans darn says wanted fast starts pick cans bill stock clerk walks aisle sees david picking cans don worry bill says help thanks says david ok part job bill answers anyway look re hurry big hurry says david pick cans put shelf working david asks yeah says bill
days david thinks supermarket stock clerk maybe job says didn look hard money wants supermarket wants talk bill feels funny david makes mind talk bill wants job david goes supermarket looks bill bill finally finds aisles bill opening cartons hi says david hi bill says want ask job david says remember talked week yeah remember sure want bill asks want david says want job says bill put goods shelves put prices things cartons trucks things wow david asks sounds harder says bill working things think job says david don ask green bill tells manager think needs fill joe
david tells try green asks david things tells david job asks start sure school says david need saturdays green adds says david able play ball saturdays anymore job minimum wage green tells david tomorrow school david answers green david shake hands david feels happy job learn things money spend wonder minimum wage means david says ask bill david looks bill looking says bill yes david says talked green says start tomorrow afternoon says bill green minimum wage mean david asks bill smiles remembers didn minimum wage lowest pay law david asks hour bill answers sounds pretty tomorrow goodbye says david david goes supermarket school goes green office bill david tells green ready says green
ago lord sun spark earth traveled rays sun heavens pueblo entered house young maiden boy lived grew played pueblo boys let join games father asked father mocked chased boy mother sad mother look father matter find boy left home traveled corn planter lead father asked corn planter continued tend crops boy pot maker lead father asked boy pot maker continued clay pots boy arrow maker wise lead father arrow maker answer wise saw boy sun created special arrow boy arrow arrow maker fitted boy bow drew boy flew heavens boy traveled sun boy saw mighty lord cried father son
baby woman screamed baby tried break police line pulled voice building ready collapse crowd stood watched fire blazing building firemen raised ladders upper floor windows trapped black smoke billowed rooms unusual happening recent fires damaged houses apartments died fires hurt losses fires cost millions dollars fires started begin small things important mrs hall put pretty curtains kitchen window window stove hall warned wife fire start easily curtains flammable materials materials catch fire easily mrs hall thought husband worried scott lake liked play brother cigarette lighter paul lake didn mind dozed bed listening scott click lighter gardener painting house paint thinner oil soaked rags basement air basement heavy odor oily rags gardener knew storing flammable materials basement halls lakes gardeners newspaper items unfortunately read
motor vehicle accidents kill accidents put died motor vehicle accidents injured learning drive car think automobile driver responsible safety hank hansen think looks car toy driver front driving slowly hank tailgates passes passing zones friends car hank shows taking turns high speeds hank accidents friends riding hurt hank killed think headlines drivers automobiles responsibilities ride vehicles bicycle riders obey laws automobile drivers bicycles headlights reflectors night ridden sidewalk riders traveling stay single file pedestrians responsibilities pedestrians accidents follow simple safety rules walking die motor vehicle accidents kinds accidents automobile drivers bicyclists pedestrians safety responsibilities bar graph shows number motor vehicle accident deaths age groups ages likely killed motor vehicle accidents number deaths increase rapidly age
accidents involving cars fires guns bad falls injuries broken bones deep cuts damage brain body organs cases injury important call help immediately kind help call depends live hurt suppose injured person family family doctor call doctor nurse able tell family doctor injured person stranger call police department telephone call help stay line sure understood important person end line find person send wrong kind help send help wrong place emergency call telephone operator dial operator reach help injured person lying injury occurred move victim danger fire injured person allowed sit lifted car trip hospital victim broken bones internal injuries movement harm fresh bleeding
harry jacksons home school afternoon walking kitchen saw striped bag tasty bakery wasn left broken oatmeal cookies crumbs harry harry brother perry ate cupcakes hour ago cupcakes harry mother explained bought bakery ed ate afraid elizabeth perry glass milk cookies left harry felt pretty sorry loved cupcakes tasty bakery thick creamy white frosting top turned harry felt sorry weeks later perry ed elizabeth sick infectious hepatitis harry felt fine infectious hepatitis contagious disease attacks liver person suffering disease feels weak tired skin turns yellowish color fever headaches feels sick stomach feeling weeks person recovers infectious hepatitis recovery takes doctor public health service figured jacksons gotten infectious hepatitis harry neighborhood doctors reported cases hepatitis days phs sort detective health detective job find causing outbreak hepatitis stop disease spreading
carefully built machine run run smoothly wrong part wear machine damaged accident machine belong machine working course healthy body smooth running machine feel fine parts body functioning fact health granted wrong body machines part break body parts affected causing change look feel change disease disease illness condition affecting health body disease condition keeps body functioning diseases begin slowly illnesses called chronic diseases begin part body stops clear happens aging natural wearing body parts chronic diseases communicable diseases easier understand diseases caused tiny disease germs body multiply communicable diseases begin suddenly compared chronic diseases short
mcgonigle decided paint house bought buckets paint tall ladder early july morning started painting carrying heavy buckets ladder hard sun hot mcgonigle painted hospital heart attack heart attack result arteriosclerosis arteriosclerosis minerals fatty substances deposited walls blood vessels walls thickened uneven leaving room blood flow result tiny blood clot block flow blood vessels hard stiff break easily hanley lives door mcgonigle alive kidney machine hospital days hanley works selling building supplies goes hospital spends hours lying bed machine tube arm fastened tube runs machine hanley blood pumped tube machine pumped arm machine removes poisonous waste materials blood hanley kidneys hanley kidneys damaged disease known nephritis mcgonigle hanley chronic diseases cardio vascular renal family word cardio refers heart
doe carcass meribah stood head hindquarters enormous vultures lighted snow gaze coming fierce black needle points stared eyes growing large half hour spotted birds circling flight jagged wings printed blackly dull winter sky knew scare ground meal emptiness stomach grown craving started birds half running half hopping snow circle flight circle disappeared birds descended trees moved memory cold air hurt breathe continued field jackknifing knees snow picked creek finally clawed short wall ragged granite outcroppings top wall found birds presiding deer carcass high priests familiar mountain ritual stood challenging half light snowy forest echo past split distracted shrill scream savage heard mountains meribah charged birds jabbing wildly rifle twisting face awful masks cries ripped throat
forever meribah shrugged shoulders response lay bed jeanette waiting house fall asleep word haunted dug corners imagination forever knew mean mean seeing forever daughter chose father family mean hearing taylor call seeing grow baby shut eyes tightly buried face pillow mean forever feeling cut disconnected things things known birth things natural stopped natural stayed left strange unnatural jeanette sound asleep held meribah hand tightly meribah lift jeanette hands free unlock sleeping girl clasp carefully slipped bed save stockings left dress hanging chair creak closet door awaken sister half minute thrown dress nightgown put cap heavier shoes thrown thick shawl shoulders stood plain room suddenly felt peculiar leave forever
meribah thanked mrs mcswat length cord started wagon took threading surge animals wagons covered hillsides waiting cross river inch inch crowd moved closer bank scows transported side constant wrangling fighting place line bickering price goods sold traded journey river crowds dense campfires cooking forging wagon parts numerous closer river wagons thick elbow room strike match let start fire half mile bank animals pressed closely meribah felt crushed single minded blind desire start trek gold fields farmlands single notion obsessed living soul nearly touchable presence moment meribah felt suffocate short breath panic lodged shallowly throat thought lost pressing maze emigrants jerk meribah arm felt feet leave ground re going crushed meribah moxley soon sitting front saddle
animals need food water call function ingestion food supplies energy important substances animals need order carry activities plants need food water perform function ingestion green plants food leaves food presence sunlight water gas called carbon dioxide water enters roots plant plant makes food oxygen oxygen released air animals think surprising plants animals help animals give carbon dioxide waste carbon dioxide green plants food plants release oxygen air food oxygen animals plants animals break food small particles digestion food form organisms plants animals special chemicals chemicals break food smaller smaller pieces pieces small pass wall intestine small pieces combine pieces food substances animals digestion takes place stomach intestines plants digestion takes place food leaves
plants animals need energy order live body energy linking oxygen breathe food eat important function called respiration happens thing happens plant oxygen enters leaves links food plant produce energy food eat body food digested called solid waste water waste product digestion waste products respiration water carbon dioxide heat body excrete waste products carbon dioxide leaves lungs solid waste leaves large intestine urine kidneys carries water harmful chemicals heat heat water salt leave skin especially hot plant excrete waste products food making respiration oxygen carbon dioxide water heat stomates tiny holes leaves breathing respiration related respiration breathing breathing sends air lungs carbon dioxide breathing inhaling sends oxygen lungs breathing exhaling sends carbon dioxide waste lungs respiration takes place part body respiration oxygen inhaling brings body waste materials leave body paths look picture
heard talking plants talk scientists believe plants listen let turn idea plants talk informed researcher believes word language course talking means electrical signals william gensler electrical engineer university arizona ago began investigation find plants send kind signals situations living things produce weak electrical currents gensler put electrodes kinds plants hoping detect electrical output periods electrical output plants recorded minutes conditions temperature moisture recorded results clear gensler reports cotton plants show electrical response watering signals adding fertilizer harvesting gensler early stages potential received financial grants department interior local farmers gensler sees farmer consult electron screen screen advise crops plants talk willing listen growth function living things grow nonliving things grow snowball grow snowman grow
americans walked moon rode craters lunar buggies moon air astronauts tanks deep breath ahead need air tanks order breathe planet moon planet air surrounded ocean air call ocean air atmosphere giving air breathe atmosphere important ways weather affects ride airplanes walk atmosphere mixture gases nitrogen oxygen mixture small amounts gases rest carbon dioxide water vapor rare gases atmosphere tiny pieces solids pollen dust ash gases solids air belong air gases solids natural gases solids belong air air pollution materials harmful pollution air pollution comes cars factories pollution comes home chimneys air pollution problem call layers atmosphere wood floats water wood lighter water rock sinks heavier water
northern lights aurora borealis nature spectacles sheets flickering lights lights colored northern lights caused charged particles protons electrons shot sun bursts approach earth attracted planet magnetic field protons electrons enter atmosphere collide gas molecules atmosphere molecule excited flash light thing artificial northern lights recently american scientists working research station antarctica part extra miles radio waves space waves electrons finally plunged earthward quebec city canada electrons created weak display northern lights dim seen naked eye antarctica aurora created evidence happened rockets balloons aloft research station antarctica instruments record electron shower aurora experiment carried range radio communication important conditions atmosphere disrupt communications scientists hope studies kind help understand disruptive conditions properties air book metal paper
air pressure higher mount everest death valley death valley sea level higher air pressure air pressure change going mountains valleys things change air pressure temperature amount water vapor air heat makes air molecules move faster move faster molecules spread farther container warm air fewer molecules equal container cool air fewer molecules mean weight weight means pressure warm air weighs cool air warm air pressure cool air water vapor weighs gases air molecule water vapor goes air pushes air molecule heavier molecule pushed makes air lighter moist air weighs dry air moist air pressure dry air air pressure measured barometer simple barometer pour mercury bowl fill glass tube cm inches mercury hold finger open end tube turn tube upside put open end finger mercury bowl level mercury column tube drop level drop column mercury cm inches surface mercury bowl
mrs miyo called afternoon miyo home school grade home neighbor mrs kitamura called mrs miyo mother doctor university hospital didn home supper fine arrangement mrs kitamura widow enjoyed miyo company lonely basset hound named jefferson ten parrot named hamilton coal black cat named leonardo pet rooster named lincoln talked japanese talked onions potatoes planted front yard lawn coaxing grow plump delicious miyo home school mrs talking potatoes onions today mrs seen wasn front wasn talking animals dog jefferson stretched sleepily greet miyo opened gate backyard hello jefferson kitamura miyo mrs jefferson wagged tail sniffed miyo special spot foot willow tree curled afternoon nap miyo stopped lincoln strutting pen making roosterlike sounds looking intelligent dignified
miyo class magazine ready mimeographed month october sections news feature stories science sports book reviews poetry finally small section ads miyo thought lincoln fit nicely ad special wrote wanted nice home friendly intelligent dignified rooster understands japanese added hurry urgent magazine september afternoon policeman rang doorbell mrs shaggy ivy covered house complaint ma rooster think mistake mrs sighed inside officer expecting supposed quietly jail wanted cup tea tea asked officer mcardle tired feet hurt thank inside dozo tea took apron smoothed frizzy gray hair told troubles lincoln looked sympathetic re breaking city law rooster yard fined mrs astonished barely inside city limits officer mcardle nodded afraid give days rid rooster wickett says re disturbing peace
father editor magazine farming family wanted move father loves job course wanted move company bought house big yard liked took town mom shopping banking family felt strange going store didn wanted gina town friendly knew family stared saw talking hands town stare gina felt embarrassed gina didn want feel understood shy parents felt knew mom missed art class knew missed friends lonesome homesick gina favorite teacher gave note home invitation family performance national theatre deaf didn want give invitation parents didn want didn want fun feel sorry gina gina play sign language understand parents
tell matter solid matter solid liquid gas solid liquid gas states matter idea mean solid liquid gas baseball solid water liquid air gas kinds matter sure solid liquid liquid gas solids properties properties solids help decide solid help rules fit solids group solids matter space weight solid takes definite amount space changing amount space takes solid definite shape changing shape solid container change shape shape container solid spread upward solids colors weights hardnesses odors smells properties help tell solid pictures show pictures shows property solid look picture answer questions circle letter picture answers question picture
matter change kinds matter change think water liquid water freeze turn solid water ice seen puddles water disappear happens liquid water turns gas water vapor water evaporates matter exist solid liquid gas heat matter change raising temperature rise temperature solids liquids raising temperature higher turn liquid gas lowering temperature lower temperature gas change liquid lowering temperature change liquid solid kinds matter change states temperatures ice water iron hotter turn liquid fact matter change important melt metals liquid turn solids able products automobiles frying pans important ways matter water cycle water evaporates oceans lakes streams water vapor water vapor forms clouds clouds give rain change liquid gas liquid goes
dead sea saltiest body water times saltier oceans dead sea water salty sink float cork brine shrimp plants live salt soup sun beats summer air temperature reaches result water warm israeli scientists believe heat produce electricity plan mediterranean water pumped dead sea mediterranean water salty lighter dead sea water float dead sea water heated water rises cooler water dead sea water rise heavy dissolved salts stay bottom remains hot cap mediterranean water prevents rising surface cooling evaporation sun continues heat surface mediterranean water deeper dead sea water warmer hotter hotter bottom sea huge storage tank boiling water hot water pumped evaporator heat fom water vaporize change gas special liquid low boiling point resulting vapor pressure turn turbine electric generator generator course produces desired electricity
earl looked clock classroom wall fifteen minutes class fifteen minutes earl lot school hard getting trouble earl trying change today finished math rest easily fifteen minutes felt teacher room books pete dawes started whispering eugene jones pete laughed whispered lou anne lou anne earl girl earl looked quickly pete eugene say lou anne asked mean don pete earl asked lou anne pete answered smiling looked eugene burst laughing eugene started laughing lou anne earl asked pete turned started whispering eugene looking earl laughing earl tried math problem knew pete eugene teasing trying mad game things knew bothered try blow blow trouble teacher earl fallen game going
danny jumped lisa car started running koski market koski kill danny late lisa called don forget switch hours school danny stopped turned looked impatient told stuck working saturday nights kid rick works school won switch asked ask koski switch lisa koski won danny likes rick lets rick payroll lisa angry danny going saturday nights persuade koski switch sick sitting saturday night anymore drove tires squealing danny shook head didn want lose lisa didn want koski mad asking favors danny tried sneak store koski caught start getting koski angrily danny busy stacking cans mind problem didn pay attention watch yelled koski re stacking high danny leaped cans tumbling mistake re koski warned
carry top soup okay carry bottom sun coming saturday morning soup entered uncle charlie barn inside night soon eyes adjusted darkness found fetched ladder barn noticed soup liked tote top apple ladder rungs shorter lighter soup let short cut soup brook yeah ridge figured ladder barn ten minutes providing providing cut tinker pasture stopped walking dead night dead winter afraid soup won sure asked soup hunch want opinion business told soup don cut crosslots tinker place lugging ladder crossed brook soup sneakers dry stepping carefully stones feet soaked uphill soup top ladder brought bottom ridge barn yonder side mrs tinker property hurry soup ran
crowd gathered families stood knot door hall junie stomach felt big tight swallowed baseball stood arches air stirred heard nick making hissing kind whistle teeth grandpa hinkle checking big blue handkerchief safe pocket dora standing stiff wall sprayed starch uncle ben huge hands clenched fists grandpa chambers chin watching crowd gather church thousand times age told junie dora afternoon scary junie moved slipped hand tenth dora checked instrument managers groups checked instruments setting huge loudspeakers unreeling coils electric wires re gonna loud nick whispered looking scared envious hinkles johnsons couldn heard crowd moving directions loud voice didn settle moved square lot police officers moving lately thought loose loud crowd hand
bag brought inside paw paw place looked trying figure put place wasn ten fifteen feet crowded stuff bed pushed lengthwise wall doorway leading landing door doorway leading small cubicle kitchen door bureau wall opposite bed window leading fire escape giving view alley narrow looked shaken hands apartment house beneath window stack newspapers wrapping garbage window table bright red orange flower tablecloth paw paw pulled chair stool told put bag table metal cabinet stacks boxes covered rest wall hooks coats stuff plastic bags hung corner bureau statues teacup dirt half burnt incense stick stuck rest top covered photos cardboard covers filled bureau top mirror stuck corners mirror actually taped surface
friend william moved yesterday played hamsters william goldfish gave william cowboys birthday gave spacemen mine yesterday william moved looked moving loaded truck ellen looked lives houses night william mom dad eat house ate william played william cowboys gave gave gave spacemen william dad called boys waved friend william morning thought william moving yesterday felt sad took cowboys william gave william house william started home idea ellen house ellen called yes house inside played looked hamsters hamsters sat steps told ellen funny william ellen mom called ellen home ellen stood want asked yes home
marty asked birthday party mom cut hair don cut looked mirror cut bald spots head won fun marty party put hat bald spots play hat asked joe want head hot ann head hot heat makes hair grow fast going gift marty birthday ann yes marty party bald spots head put hat friends store hat asked likes head hot ann heat makes hair grow fast joe ann friends say wore hat dinner table hat dinner table dad looked dad big bald spot took hat marty party wore hat bed heat hair grow morning looked mirror
marty room marty looking mirror coming party asked marty look funny marty shirt pants look funny don look funny shirt pants mom cut hair bald spots marty looked marty bald spots marty mom mine cut took hat marty looked bald spots happy birthday marty party bald spots fun answer questions boy mom boy hair boy think heat hair grow marty want birthday party bed nighttime hope party sun daytime car stopped corner rest tina park yesterday ann wants home stayed inside cold jake going school learn bedtime tina mother tina tina wish fun tina sleep tina bed turn round round stop tina
august afternoon david balfour british linen company porter attending bag money chief merchants bowing doors days late yestermorning beggarman wayside clad rags brought shillings companion condemned traitor price set head crime news country rang served heir position landed laird bank porter carrying gold recommendations pocket words saying ball directly foot circumstances served ballast sail difficult deadly business handle place tall black city numbers movement noise folk moorland braes sea sands country sides frequented throng citizens abashed rankeillor son short small girth clothes scarce held plain ill qualified strut front bank porter plain set folk laughing worse case set asking questions
ay told morning lawyer asked stewart spoke sense told excused naming decent stout whig mind mixed affairs think mixed cries stewart told passed rankeillor house shaws ye hang ye hang james stewart fortune told hope deny risk risk says sat silent thank staunchness friends show spirit says strength stand warn re wading deep wouldn put place stewart born stewarts noah risk ay tried court campbell jury campbell judge campbell country campbell quarrel think balfour thinking suppose brought father glory bones left decent son
tall strong lad eighteen quoted speaks lowlander beard recognise words ill judged intention amusing prove extremely prejudicial safety purpose replied entirely death understood perfectly boy speaking glenure shot suppose seeing claim innocent inference clear loyal subject king george reproach discretion walk den glad horrid crime balfour dye permit clemency blood barbarously shed shed direct opposition majesty frame laws known public oppugnants high sense deny consider crime directly personal majesty unfortunately lord added drily directly personal personage nameless mean words tell consider unfit subject spoke publicly business note
need recipe put number foods end successful dish foods need put amounts taco hot pepper dry tough hamburger secret successful cooking ingredients cooked amounts ingredients foods recipe recipe guide help prepare food tell kinds ingredients exact amounts ingredients ingredients listed order prepare recipe makes recipe easier follow step step instructions preparing recipe type size pan recipe fit size pan sure size called temperatures needed prepare food instructions simmer chill length cook food number servings yield look sample recipe page information give information recipe recipes give information need leave step step instructions guess give exact amounts food omit size pan
care appliance carefully serve appliance piece equipment home powered gas electricity types home appliances major small major appliances large connected place range refrigerator small appliances portable carried electric outlet gas range surface units called burners electric range units heat surface units adjusted high low ranges dials adjust heat pushbuttons heat settings heating unit broiler located top compartment food cooks direct heat unit electric range broiler oven broil oven baking gas range broiler separate compartment oven side conventional oven heating unit bottom hot air flows circulates pan oven cooking food food begins cook heat moves slowly center food cooks inside brown oven cooks specific temperatures recipe tells exact temperature
bacteria grow fastest room temperature fresh cooked food room temperature hot food hot serve hot left hot oven case helpings wanted food wanted store immediately refrigerator let sit counter table cool harmful bacteria grow rapidly conditions cold food cold serve cold let cold food sit room temperature outdoors hot store refrigerator ready serve soon served put leftovers refrigerator going picnic pack hot food insulated container hot pack cold food separate insulated container ice cold allow food sit sun hot car bacteria grow return grocery shopping store food store frozen food freezer thaw store foods need refrigeration milk eggs cheese meat wash fresh vegetables needed storing refrigerate immediately vegetables potatoes yams sweet potatoes onions refrigerated wash store cool dark place cabinet basement wash fresh fruits citrus fruits berries storing
quality feel type lead measured satisfaction values things important includes successful reaching goals planned individual quality personal meanings type person prefers enjoyed re asking food type lead matter want need health enjoy food supplies body energy nourishment health food eat body turns food energy cells called nutrition foods provide energy nourishment body choose food eat re deciding nutrition poor nutrition nutrition means eating foods help body healthy poor nutrition means eating eating foods lead poor health nutrition help healthy don feel look quality suffer instance person overweight feel conscious meet friends wanted job mind signs poor nutrition
systems body cells basic units cell small seen microscope cell takes water oxygen nutrients carry rid wastes makes cells finally dies cells shapes sizes relate jobs form groups tissue bone heart tissue tissues form muscles organs heart lungs adult body hundred trillion cells square inch skin million cells system body joint effort cells involved move arm billions nerve blood muscle bone cells cell body needs oxygen water nutrients working properly adult body bones bone delicate network protein deposit minerals calcium phosphorus makes bones strong hard think body complex creation thousands systems processes system process definite jobs body health jobs easily efficiently health think means sick health health means feeling physically mentally emotionally
malnutrition severe form poor nutrition poor nutrition reaches stage malnutrition body health severely damaged malnutrition common parts including united states according development report issued bank million population live absolute poverty means annual income person live countries underdeveloped countries hungry suffer malnutrition live short children suffer malnutrition countries nations custom eat left eaten women children children bodies need nutrients especially proteins growth nutrients grow stunted deformed filled pain malnutrition major illnesses children child eat food lacks proteins child underweight face body swell skin peels arms legs thin child food starves muscles fat waste child appears skeleton body skin bones face shrunken wrinkled age appearance food agriculture organization fao reports food production generally increasing poorest countries decreasing varieties grains developed try increase food production poorer countries
doctor de soto dentist end patients close size moles chipmunks cetera sat regular dentist chair larger animals sat floor doctor de soto stood ladder extra large animals special room doctor de soto hoisted patient mouth assistant happened wife doctor de soto especially popular big animals able inside mouths wearing rubbers feet dry fingers delicate drill dainty feel pain mouse refused treat animals dangerous mice sign doorbell rang wife look window wouldn admit timid looking cat looked saw dressed fox flannel bandage jaw treat sir doctor de soto shouted sir haven read sign fox wailed mercy suffering wept bitterly pitiful moment doctor de soto poor fox whispered wife let risk mrs de soto pressed buzzer let fox stairs flash bless hearts cried falling knees
doctor de soto climbed ladder bravely entered fox mouth ooo wow gasped fox rotten bicuspid unusually bad breath tooth doctor de soto announced stop pain whimpered fox wiping tears despite misery realized tasty morsel mouth jaw began quiver open yelled doctor de soto wide open yelled wife giving gas doctor de soto won feel thing yank tooth soon fox dreamland yummy mumbled love raw pinch salt dry white wine guess dreaming mrs de soto handed husband pole fox mouth open doctor de soto fastened extractor bad tooth wife began turning winch finally sucking sound tooth popped hung swaying air bleeding fox yelped doctor de soto ran ladder stuffed gauze hole worst tooth ready tomorrow eleven sharp fox woozy goodbye left home wondered shabby eat de job
night de lay awake worrying let tomorrow mrs de soto wondered start job dentist firmly finish father protect wife talked talked formed plan think doctor de soto minute later snoring morning promptly eleven cheerful fox turned feeling particle pain doctor de soto mouth snapped shut moment opened wide laughed joke chortled dentist sharply wife lugging heavy tooth ladder love exclaimed fox beautiful doctor de soto set gold tooth socket hooked teeth sides fox caressed tooth tongue feels thought shouldn eat hand resist re finished doctor de soto holding large jug remarkable preparation developed recently wife application rid toothaches forever receive unique treatment certainly fox declared honored hated kind personal pain
funny dog paint let paint ann ted let paint tree red tree paint ann paint red tree ann paint paint paint ann paint ted pete dog frog wish box rosa wish wish frog frog box let wish frog frog rosa frog funny rosa wish frog frog rosa frog rosa frog box frog rosa happy pete paint boat red cat jump box sam kate ned van ann jump jump lin jump jump ann lin let jump let jump train jump tom let jump flag boat red blue shop let shop tom let shop paint rosa
history chinese food understand influence food chinese culture aware china history chinese place food eating discover cooking art dining considered ceremony country history chinese cooking comes records poets philosophers artifacts discovered excavations ancient chinese villages tombs chinese history civilized china recorded history twenty centuries united states history centuries recent village excavation unearthed vessel steaming food period believed vessels cooking millet grain millet bursts steamed eater chews millet extract soft starchy part spits husks chinese farming raising cattle making fine pottery lived mud houses clustered small villages protected pounded earth walls early chinese farmers considered civilized neighboring nomadic herders hunters centuries ruling dynasty improved chinese cuisine ruling class able devote culinary arts imperial palaces controlled peasants responsible food wine
everyday meal china consists large bowl rice accompanied strips meat dried shrimp seasoned vegetables meal similar meal served chinese home special occasion special occasions number variety dishes increased main dish chinese meal variety dishes served select menu recipes food categories soups chicken dishes rice pork dishes vegetable dishes bean curd doughs sweets food category recipes choose recipe category remember recipes marked asterisk home selecting recipe food categories total recipes kitchen group prepare description food categories choose follows soup included meals seldom liquid refreshment served small amounts chicken pork combined vegetables served savory sauce freshness important quality chinese look vegetables freshness preserved cooking technique called stir frying bean curd coagulated soy bean milk major source protein meatless dishes dough category includes dishes served chinese meal eaten snacks
activity kitchen group compute cost recipe total cost recipes find cost entire meal soon responsible food budget want food costs amount money budgeted feed desired number budget knowing cost individual servings help determine recipe costs prepare makes ten servings costs serving dish servings cost double serving cost recipe serving meaningful figure study chinese meal cost sheet figure cost serving fried rice determined studying steps able follow directions completing chinese meal cost sheet mary hughes determined cost fried rice step mary read recipe determine ingredients included figuring cost recipe figure ingredients salt pepper cornstarch baking soda vinegar seasonings hand kitchen include small amounts items figuring serving cost mary decided cost salt pepper included recorded remaining ingredients fried rice column chinese meal cost sheet
samuel johnson important person england famous writer speaker johnson agreed prepare dictionary capture english language dictionary samuel johnson wrote plan telling intended prepare dictionary decided list words found books read tell meaning words listed decided give examples words books found samuel johnson collected famous books english language chose forty thousand words defined words examples books separated numbered meanings word dictionary writers today took samuel johnson complete dictionary samuel johnson dictionary called dictionary english language published dictionary published volumes pages dictionary huge success samuel johnson famous task completed basic rules samuel johnson preparing dictionary today samuel johnson rightly called father english dictionary samuel johnson gave word dull dictionary dictionary think thought dictionary making dull
samuel johnson famous dictionary dictionary english language published england dictionary published volumes pages took complete dictionary huge success america noah webster studying language noah webster published america speller grammar book reader noah webster decided american dictionary needed set task writing noah webster knew american english english samuel johnson americans settled country invented words describe country webster published compendious dictionary english language word compendious means needed words dictionary words american words appeared english dictionary words raccoon squash originally indian words early explorers borrowed words native samuel johnson webster searched words books noah webster added recorded words heard noah webster added terms words dictionary included noah webster changed spelling words match sounds dropped silent english spelling honour favour wrote honor favor dropped final musick logick publick music logic public
guide words top white pages telephone book show names person person listed page examine yellow pages guide words names names kinds businesses automobile repair restaurants professions lawyers dentists adds extra step finding telephone number yellow pages guide words find kind business profession need find business person names business listed alphabetically business profession finding entry word hard spell word looking letters stand consonant sound letters stand sound tch word catch ti word question common spellings sound ch chin look consonant sound chart column shows consonant sounds key word sound column shows single letters letter combinations stand consonant sound column word letter letter combination stands consonant sound
headache aspirin drug stop pain doctor office gave shot polio gave drug prevent crippling disease smoked marihuana took drug scene drugs chemicals substances bring body drugs foods bring body foods thought drugs drugs help health help lead normal drugs ruin health leading normal drugs kill drugs plants cocaine comes leaves coca plant bush grows wild parts south america drugs animals insulin widely help diabetes insulin cattle laboratory iodine drug comes mineral drugs plants animals minerals sources drugs today drugs laboratory drugs effects natural drugs laboratory cheap pure form drugs substances body
amphetamines cocaine stimulate speed nervous system drugs act body opposite drugs known depressants slow actions body main kinds depressant drugs chapter deals drugs known barbiturates later chapters deal alcohol dangerous narcotic drugs barbiturates common depressant drugs names nicknames barbiturates called downs downers barbs goof balls known sleeping pills sleepers candy table shows names common barbiturates drugs form pills capsules colors capsules tell kinds drugs found barbiturates act ways drug acts depends partly person taking acts depends size dose cases doctors prescribe small doses barbiturates doses act tranquilizers relax patients larger doses barbiturates users sleepy sleep comes feeling euphoria feel high stumble mixed confused speech slurred fact user drunk larger doses barbiturates coma deep sleep dose increases drug depresses slows nervous system
walter miller seventeen popular car evening walter drove friends football game game chet pulled bottle whiskey jacket took drink offered bottle walter walt chet drink walter shook head maybe drink remember driving aw walt urged chet sport sure walt smitty boys re chicken walter took swallow bottle took swallow passed bottle smitty boys passing bottle end game walter boys feeling high chet held bottle empty walt finish road walter walter stood legs rubber cup strong black coffee sober let stop refreshment stand fellows home walter miller coffee didn friends home didn home influence alcohol body walter drove fast lost control car hit telephone pole walter smitty killed chet boys seriously hurt
land green ginger town called marmalade inhabited exclusively guinea pigs colours sorts common garden guinea pigs numerous short hair run errands twitter guinea pigs variety called abyssinian cavies hair side whiskers walk toes common guinea pigs admire envy whiskers abyssinian cavies give able short hair grow excitement twittering short haired guinea pigs messrs ratton scratch hair specialists hundreds advertisements post describing elixir abyssinian cavies required hair stimulant affronted advertisements found twitterings tiresome night march april messrs ratton scratch arrived marmalade placarded walls town posters set booth market place morning quantities elegantly stoppered bottles displayed booth rats stood front booth distributed handbills describing wonderful effects quintessence buy buy buy buy bottleful try door knob guarantee grow crop onions shouted messrs ratton scratch crowds short haired guinea pigs swarmed booth abyssinian cavies sniffed passed toes
woke broad daylight bright windy morning caravan company snugly encamped green level sward stone quarry semi circle high gray rocks topped broom bushes swayed bobbed rushing east wind white clouds raced head jenny ferret fire puffed sputtered spite comparative calm quarry foot rocks big folk tipping rubbish pots pans fruit tins jam pots broken bottles jenny ferret built stone fireplace cooking frying pan sardine tins fact trying tins hold water view carrying stock cooking utensils paddy pig stirring porridge breakfast pony billy grazed rough grass quarry bank sandy seen wake wake xarifa whistled starling wake haired animal mop hair full hay seeds meddlesome bird hair beautiful draw crowds dressed paddy pig stirring vigorously hair play sleeping beauty dormouse sat step caravan washing face hands rapidly cleaning sleek chestnut coat black beady eyes whiskers furry tail white tip
sandy chose scarlet gold chocolate coloured pocket handkerchief green sash ribbon allow recommend purchase hatpin glass knob shimmer sunshine diamond miss louisa greatly interested sultan costume miss matilda downstairs packet hairpins mi ow poor mouth face swelled cabbage strip red flannel pinned round head let look experience bones sticking fast sandy sure scratch believe thankful mews night miss louisa pussycat scratch touch matilda matilda folly open mouth louisa won replied matilda sandy bill miss louisa let half yard ribbon peppercorns yard crystal hatpin peppercorns pocket handkerchief peppercorns makes peppercorns miaw forgotten charge hairpins louisa hairpins peppercorns rid half small change troublesome alexander twenty peppercorns exactly thank bye smallest size stock fancy slippers miss louisa kitten quarter sandy miss louisa reaching top shelf afraid large don trouble large miss louisa
velvel dreamed strange land knew looked couldn find finally beg eat late afternoon found street buildings walked gate courtyard turned leave dark couldn find called heard groping wall found opening entered hoping bring street stairway led downward darker darker suddenly large room glow single oil lamp saw bricks solid gold barrels filled coins stumbled vault king mint velvel knew discovered thief searched room opening soon found moment workmen appeared began close bricks crouched corner knew finished remain bread water air breathe dare ask workmen let believe steal gold summon guards put chains thrown dungeon torture
happened leibel say benediction glanced doboshova suddenly struck resembled witch seen nightmare cast quick look lapitut recognized devil dream leibel studied cabala knew tricks evil host realized wrong act immediately story ring prevent boys eating held magic boundary doboshova lapitut captives lives soon leitze reitze neitze convinced doboshova lapitut lost power told young suffered wicked couple spell parents sisters brothers surely searched road inn bewitched relatives unable find girls related tricked homes doboshova shouted waved fists threatened turn hedgehogs rats skunks lapitut shouted whip death leibel assured girls longer fear prevent devils coming aid kin leibel chalk line inside entire house doors windows circled oven fireplace sure evil spirit chimney
immediately supper girls undressed sleep large bed frightened put blindfolds eyes cotton ears terrifying sights hear mocking voices fiends herschel velvel bed top large brick oven exhausted soon fell deep sleep leibel stayed awake watch knew doboshova lapitut hold longer parchment scroll sharp quill pen readiness monsters tired departed lair doboshova lapitut left leibel overheard doboshova whispering lapitut escape sign wish known lapitut snarled reply won sign leibel called bed stand feet morning stand minute doboshova moaned dying hunger lapitut wailed smoke mandrake root reach pipe sign oath need pair choice pricked wrist point quill signed oath blood witch doboshova devil lapitut swear satan lillith impure powers leave inn return children grandchildren grandchildren tenth generation
number ago popular saying eat ways statement literally true physical level combination nutrients fats proteins sugars starches vitamins minerals continually replace balance continue live healthy process nutrition begins birth developing fetus takes mother nutrients needs survive thrive growing organism fetus programmed needs fetus sense parasite lives completely mother nutrients contributing physical return birth course nutrition continues basic need free accept reject food offered infants general instinctively accept food satisfy hunger leave infancy childhood begin consciously aware nutritional needs increasingly responsible seeing needs met matter central survival food food source pleasure satisfaction eating survive addition satisfying desire pleasure eat things taste appealing texture attractive look
united states plunge food craze friends announce eating special food weeks feel superman wonder woman magazine suddenly carry articles health giving power food vitamin invalids rise sickbeds testify benefits cure food food supplement elimination ailments corner help overlooked food underrated food supplement food scares sweep country times past told dangerous eat cranberry sauce clam chowder maraschino cherries milk eggs host foods scarcely grocery shelf wondering safe eat food crazes food scares based facts based crank theory theory scientific basis stem misunderstanding facts wrong interpretations facts incomplete knowledge facts food fads sweep country need able distinguish fallacy error fact question sources fad consider past knowledge nutrition latest scientific research food greet discovery authoritative careful thought
individual person learn avoid illness unclean food water home addition consumers report violations law government eating choose clean place choice restaurant dishes silverware washed hand restaurant electric dishwasher eating place automatic dishwasher generally safer refuse eat unclean cracked serving dish reject food smells tastes spoiled observe food worker contaminate food report incident manager home wash hands handling food sneeze cough food cut sore bandaged working food eating scrub chopping blocks counter tops strong detergent wash dishcloths strong detergent chlorine bleach clean utensils molds harmful cheeses throw moldy food foods stand room temperature hours develop toxins sure heat leftover precooked frozen foods bacteria food poisoning destroyed boiling food top stove heating oven internal temperature meat thermometer thermometer pierces meat reach center sure internal temperature foods thick mixture eggs cream puffs eclairs cream pies mayonnaise refrigerator
eat simply hungry eat eel rice mixed peas topped raw egg breakfast hungry find japanese breakfast strange eat eat foods meals eat times health energy looks affected eat controls eat look find eat foods foods eaten today order ate select foods answer sounded common reasons give surprise aware food choices developed factors shape eating habits choices important food eat affects emotional physical eat meet basic human needs think food physical need food helps satisfy emotional needs desires food basic necessities survival food nutrients chemicals body function grow repair create energy
nutrient definite functions body amount needed perform tasks vitamins minerals needed small amounts hard believe contribute health teenagers need milligrams ounce vitamin amount small glass orange juice ml cup cooked tomatoes matter small amount needed body begin run don nutrients think small amount body lot overdose vitamin mineral pills happens nutrient depends nutrient stored body body needs rid extra wastes large doses nutrient bad effects large dose vitamin instance diarrhea nutrients vitamins stored body body limit amount stores nutrients accumulate extra large quantities poison body instance children vitamin stunt growth helping body overdoses create health problems suspect re getting nutrients need health
amount energy body needs maintain basic processes known basal metabolism processes breathing circulating blood building repairing tissues processes hours body energy speed body carries processes known basal metabolic rate bmr body works speed individuals personal basal metabolic rate means energy needs vary greatly person person addition energy metabolism body needs energy activities amount needed depends kind activity duration spend saturday afternoon shopping playing football energy watching television body need water greater need food live weeks food depending amount fat stored body live days water water makes percent body present cell fluids water help body chemical processes water foods digested water helps pass intestinal wall bloodstream blood water carries nutrients cells bathed water waste products eliminated body urine mainly water water serves body cooling system
told dallben greatest enchanters prydain black robed hags found baby basket edge marshes morva orddu cried named orwen peering wicker vessel floating amid tall grasses poor lost duckling catch death cold sweet morsel croaked named orgoch depths hood tender lamb silent orgoch named orddu breakfast orddu short plump woman round lumpy face sharp black eyes jewels pins brooches glittered tangle weedy hair leave soggy suppose home yes exclaimed orwen dangling string milky white beads tiny figure basket ah darling tadpole look pink cheeks chubby fingers smiling orddu waving call bare nameless ask began orgoch replied orddu orwen give names lying cottage orwen give nice fresh unwrinkled charming saving special occasion orddu remember
orddu hesitated give manner speaking say don exactly give put let heavy dusty book truly want warned greater treasure greater cost marshes morva anyplace matter dallben replied book choice orddu putting ancient volume hands re sorry sorrow don feel fare dear chicken mean polite sense fare ill entirely dallben took leave enchantresses set eagerly curious lay store covers book cottage sight marshes curbed impatience longer sat roadside opened heavy tome began read scanned pages eyes widened heart quickened knowledge dreamed pathways stars rounds planets ebb flow tide secrets hidden lore unfolded
maibon broke shan cheat due don put excuses told want hand word doli shrugged opened leather pouch hung belt spilled number brightly colored pebbles palm picked larger stones handed maibon dwarf jumped took heels raced field disappeared thicket laughing crowing fortune cleverness maibon hurried cottage told wife happened showed stone claimed fair folk maibon declared flexing arms thumping chest fine figure oho gray beard wrinkled brow sharing husband jubilation modrona flung hands burst maibon re greater fool supposed selfish bargain turned treasures didn ask dwarf jackets children apron roof mended walls plastered stone ask bit rock dig cow pasture crestfallen sheepish maibon began thinking wife dwarf common field stone
eat foods select reject foods reasons role specific food plays health important nutritional role important food means food choices patterns form affected factors physical psychological social cultural needs influence food choices eat influenced food personal resources allocate food foodstyles term describe ways prepare eat food foodstyles influenced factors discussed chapter unit iv learn specific dishes popular parts united states countries interaction body food eat basis understanding nutrition living things need food water survive sunlight air water soil provide plants ingredients survival human beings animals nourished food eat liquids drink water human beings live days food survive weeks mere survival body requires substances food energy growth body functions substances called nutrients read nutrients chapter adequate amounts nutrients essential health
claims vitamin say slows aging process increases sexual response heals scars scientific research supports claims vitamin helps stop bleeding helping blood clot getting vitamin makes hemorrhaging likely minerals inorganic forms matter plant animal need small quantities minerals regulate body processes minerals part bones teeth blood body manufacture minerals food need larger amounts minerals calcium phosphorus sodium chloride potassium magnesium need need tiny amounts minerals called trace elements calcium phosphorus closely minerals discussed main job calcium phosphorus build healthy bones teeth ninety percent calcium body deposited bones teeth percent phosphorus think adults longer need calcium phosphorus true bones constantly repaired percent body total calcium replaced calcium functions calcium phosphorus nutrients calcium helps blood clot addition helps muscles heart contract relax helps muscles respond stimuli pain noise
groups foods fit exactly basic groups foods pizza sukiyaki spinach quiche ingredients fall food groups classifying foods confusing ingredients pizza instance enriched crust part bread cereal group meat sausage sprinkled top belongs meat poultry fish beans group green pepper tomatoes vegetable toppings part vegetable fruit group melted cheese belongs milk cheese group hard classify pizza considering ingredient part food group combination food nutritious serving combination food provide fraction standard serving recommended food group guidelines slice pizza equivalent serving bread cereal group fourth serving milk cheese group servings group vary depending ingredients recipe convenience forms combination foods especially difficult analyze ingredients commercial product meat pot pie similar product home find amounts specific ingredients contained homemade food looking recipe
mother passed mashed potatoes ludwig asked liechtenstein neutral trouble europe ludwig nodded especially abolished army consisted forty ludwig oppermann exchange student liechtenstein gotten morning boarded family consists mother father stevenson high sends students liechtenstein gymnasium call high school send liechtenstein sixty square miles mountains located austria switzerland population capital town spelled vaduz pronounced vadoots nearest football field ludwig asked blocks ludwig smiled kicker tapped forehead analytical mind informed exchange student realized loyal liechtenstein ambassador goodwill prepared participate american sports football ted halfback team mother runs daylight seventeenth leading ground gainer fox valley conference asked autograph ludwig nodded buttered bread played football american version studied game encyclopaedia britannica set town hall
industrial revolution began england continued social revolution completely change end eighteenth century england largely rural agricultural nation nonfarm products fashioned craftspeople villages increased competition overseas trade soon clear craftspeople working couldn produce goods quickly factory system born factories workers overseen controlled productive james brindley engineers knew importance water viewed water source power knew waterwheel harness power later water steam operate steam engine water means communication goods information carried canal barges brindley responsible building nearly miles canals england result movement farms rural areas cities large industrial towns evolved middle class owners businesses industries glenda green type artist known realist effort totally objective realist portrays contrast classicist portrays formal rational romanticists expressionists show imaginary emotionally satisfying attempt complete objectivity realist help revealing personal attitudes influences paintings glenda green exhibit qualities unique
thank mademoiselle willing scarcely explain reason visit letter permitting ask appointment acting father dressed black wearing mourning son lieutenant andre genevriere killed months ago madagascar jenny gesture say sorry heart son mademoiselle realize knew admired scarcely believable going tell true person admired loved afraid don understand colonel tell tell told sister confidante began performance theater children talking greatest enthusiasm delicate shy moving poem thousand things true don doubt ardor youth need absolutes poor son romantic sense word jenny cried yes mademoiselle polytechnique cadet wednesday months brought bouquet violets son andre
friday afternoon henry huggins sat front steps white house klickitat street dog ribsy feet busy trying pick cover golf ball inside interesting keeping busy think wanted decided wanted hi henry girl voice called henry picked tough covering golf ball beatrice beezus called usual sister ramona hopping skipping sidewalk ramona tree stepped shadow jumped suddenly hi beezus henry called hopefully girl beezus pretty thinking interesting things asked girls reached house beezus ball red yarn hands going store mother answered beezus fingers worked yarn mean hands henry asked knitting spool beezus explained spool drive nails end yarn crochet hook deftly lifted loops yarn nails spool show henry
henry started leave glanced carton saw surprise kittens black white gray white paws yellow white striped lay sleeping corner box looked tiny helpless poor things mistake kittens junk kittens sale henry asked lady standing nearby yes answered lady cheerfully fifteen cents apiece re nice kittens grandmother haired cat henry idea shouldn selling kittens rummage teakettles buys thirty junk henry asked anxiously henry upset kittens forgot hurry minute forgot wanted paper route answered lady suppose pound spoke kittens important black white kitten stirred blinked gray eyes henry touching soft furry head kitten yawned showed tiny pink tongue climbed top kittens curled ball sleep henry don think let pound don agreed lady
ribsy standing porch front paws window sill miss move henry whimpered anxiously scratched window paw quiet ribsy henry ordered ribsy answered short sharp bark showed plainly going minute henry parents spoke looked kittens beginning explore strange room mrs huggins henry don think things bringing home kittens inherit father didn side family replied huggins family brought home kittens ribsy barked furiously ran front window barked say let rid undersized cats let dogs neighborhood immediately took interest ribsy problem began bark quiet henry shouted glass plucking kitten curtain ouch exclaimed mrs huggins unhooking tiny claw stockings nylons ribsy scratched glass gave short yelps trying tell henry needed inside clear kittens quiet ordered huggins dad henry explained mother father finding kittens rummage sale
archaeologists learn early adapt desert words mean archaeologist culture adobe pueblo drought early parts americans left written records learn americans write left evidence lives roasted animals fires left charred bones campsites left clay cooking pots weapons tools bone stone scientists study evidence left early called archaeologists studying evidence archaeologists learned early archaeologists interested culture early culture includes customs ideas skills includes houses clothes government archaeologists hard evidence early destroyed task find evidence survived archaeologists find evidence unexpected places flood wash river bank uncover ancient bones bulldozer clearing land dig buried campsite finds occur archaeologists learn evidence removed archaeologists carefully detailed records find small picks soft brushes uncover object damaging dug object try analyze explain
ways sailing developed portuguese reach india columbus find voyages words mean navigation caravel magnetic compass astrolabe colony portugal spain led search sea route asia countries similar goals wanted find gold increase trade country chose path portugal believed reach east indies sailing south tip africa east india spain hoped reach east indies sailing west atlantic ocean nations portugal eager expand trade coast faced atlantic cut profitable mediterranean trading routes early portuguese began explore atlantic coast africa prince henry portugal knew problems faced sailors determined improve navigation practice plotting course sea efforts later known prince henry navigator prince henry set informal school sailors sagres ships explore coast west africa sea voyages difficult dangerous captains knew sail wind sail solve problem portuguese designed ships called caravels caravel rudder steering triangular sails rudder triangular sails helped caravel sail wind
european nations fought wars religion catholic church church western europe german monk named martin luther called reforms catholic church call split church luther followers known protestants protests catholic church movement reform church called protestant reformation protestant churches formed believers took faith seriously catholics protestants tortured killed wars religious wars mixed political wars wars fought power territory european nations expanded overseas wars carried lands late spain powerful catholic nation europe spanish king philip ii wanted force protestants return catholic church faced fierce opposition england strongest protestant nation nearly powerful spain queen england elizabeth head church england feared power catholic spain determined prevent philip conquering england elizabeth knew england match spain allowed daring english sailors attack spanish treasure fleets raid spanish colonies adventurers known england sea dogs spanish called pirates conquistadors english sea dogs wanted win fame fortune
appears imagination think home remember places appealed try recall details home modern spaceship fig dream home fashioned young woman apartment fig images mind tell important help decide favorite possessions taste collection favorite picture display things sentimental true dream home feel belong reflects ideas things enjoy formed opinions practical features important lived houses apartments storage space bathrooms home dream room apartment future house dream homes necessarily large expensive young person shown fig build house maybe find house restore remodel small apartment fig modest fun renter cherished piece furniture secretary collecting stained glass windows
essential difference judging styles bowls shown fig serve illustrate difference pottery bowl handmade notice small variations surface slight differences design don mind mistakes variations fact look handmade bowl think potter making friend common household beautiful kind prized art contrast look plastic bowl smooth flawless fact person bought found slightest imperfection returned refund examples important design difference handmade articles modern machine items prize small imperfections seek perfection discussed earlier shelter basic physical need environment determines type shelter environment include things important housing climate climate united states wide range varies arctic zone alaska swept strong winds months darkness snow mild tropical rain forests hawaii temperatures ranged low rocky mountains highs death valley california
lines furniture room low pattern upholstery draperies rugs wallpaper room appears restful vertical lines deal pattern wish room quietly spacious longest piece furniture longest wall tend look past edge furniture small objects arranged give effect continuous line tops picture frames aligned carry eye room level create excitement decorating gameroom vertical diagonal zigzag lines texture refers surface objects fig part represents smooth surface satin part represents rough surface carpeting corduroy surface amount roughness affect apparent color projection rough surface casts shadow light makes color darker important remember attempt match colors textures identical color fabrics textures look home texture add variety interest room dimensional patterns creating shadows reflected light lace pattern carved wood screen fig suggests formality divider living room bench single heavy plank suggests country kitchen informal family room
housing poor deep lasting effect winston churchill shape buildings shape especially true buildings live find shelter satisfy needs shelter turn affects feel act housing word means dwelling includes furnishings neighborhood community study consider relationship housing housing microenvironment part total environment important part housing effect style personal development live persons interact housing housing affects behave feel style living affects housing instance suppose live small apartment able host lot large parties room neighbors angry housing affects actions hand wanted host large parties choose kind housing large house set meet need style affects housing interaction seen smaller scale
creativity ideas show creativity express ideas primitive showed creativity carved pictures cave walls tell stories create pictures stories poems today pictures cameras oil paints watercolors charcoal stories poems published books set music recorded tapes discs pictures stories poems countless ways show creativity enjoy working flowers arrange plants flower garden special design want flower arrangements ways show creativity illustrated expression creativity help add beauty microenvironment beauty quality makes things pleasing eye word beauty aesthetics beautiful surroundings shown feel release tensions beauty important factor housing concept beauty unique things beautiful beautiful fact beautiful concept beauty grow develop close friends beauty objects family members agree need esteemed esteemed respected admired held high regard
grew needed sleeping space slept crib shown later moved twin size bed bunk bed bunk beds provide amount sleeping space twin beds taking floor space finally moved full size bed pictured need space activities space storage needs space change family cycle young married couple founding family stage need space enter expanding family stage needs space increase greatly stage number ages activities children affect space needs family member requires additional space member grows requires space teenagers need space studying entertaining friends storage space sporting equipment stereo equipment clothes family moves contracting stage needs space family members launched belongings leaving space rest family married couple room children launched style means living pattern living unit person style degree styles alike satisfy primary needs humans
hostile emotions active run block kick football push ups drive nails tell friend understanding adult angry maybe anger seeing movie watching tv playing piano don sit brood angry find staying angry driving car riding bicycle motorcycle anger accidents caused angry driving cars jump cars fight home try anger automobile driving recklessly driving riding vehicle safely takes clear thinking anger clear thinking difficult fact professional race drivers kinds anger worked suppose beating helpless animal makes angry anger safely usefully report cruelty humane society police member minority group anger discrimination kind anger runs deep easy striking person helpful
betty pianist started piano lessons thirteen earned lot praise playing played local tv program piano teacher someday betty career playing betty planned high school betty popular asked play parties folk rock group betty automobile accident hand crushed fingers wrist bones broken doctor told betty bad news luck betty fingers wrist muscles badly torn wrist strong days afterward betty depressed hard practice thought betty mother tried knew cheer worked betty felt sorry times felt bitter began neglect schoolwork appearance longer asked parties began spend watching tv moping apartment beginning escape unhappiness withdrawing betty piano teacher stopped visit told betty active music betty talented teach younger children play offered send newest pupils
mom problem began date dance friday don wear green skirt yellow dress tear marie mother attention presented problem quiet marie mother looking marie clothes raised money buy green sweater marie shortened green skirt child want wait vernon approached father child say gimme candy marie took approach waited mother listen explained problem quiet reasonable marie approach want angry feelings hand asking things loud voice works sure parent angry approach works home put hat cold comb hair age don want telling want feel wanting natural wanting things natural feelings normal part growing questions running mind angry feeling parents
sellers exploit advantage suffering illness suffers arthritis millions americans subject painful disease joints fact arthritis greatest crippler today doctors found cure arthritis arthritis sufferers want relief badly try pain remedy offered manufacturer sold vibrator cure food drug administration forced manufacturer vibrator market help arthritis victims cases actually harm user sold special arthritis remedy ten dollars ounce practicing doctor arthritis sufferers called remedy reported side effects severe bleeding manufacturers sellers honest business unfair dishonest techniques sell products sellers play consumers fears exploit suffering protection consumer unfair selling practices greatest protection buyer knowledge learning understand techniques selling form protection learning recognize hard sell reading labels comparing products prices buying firms known fair forms protection suppose salesclerk tries sell costly product service suppose salesclerk fear technique tries pressure buying today
foods high carbohydrates fats tasting foods potato chips french fries mashed potatoes pizza spaghetti bread gravy examples foods likes eat eaten amounts complete foods meet body needs nutrients double duty proteins build muscle provide energy carbohydrates fats serve function provide energy build repair muscles skin body tissues minerals materials rocks earth don things eat minerals found body minerals foods eat calcium mineral build bones teeth milk source calcium growing children teen agers need drink lot milk happens young person calcium food bones teeth won hard strong bone breaks heal adults need calcium smaller amounts young adult bones growing teeth formed calcium important body ways helps blood clot helps body iron calcium rich foods include milk cheese ice cream green leafy vegetables citrus fruits iron ranks importance minerals needed health
ago families lived farms raised animals meat milk eggs raised grain ground flour baked bread raised fruits vegetables canning winter farm families ate spending money food spent hours producing processing preparing food feed chickens milk cows pick fruit wash peel vegetables bread today live cities buy food grocery supermarket foods cooked washed sorted cut small pieces foods ready cook minutes today buy frozen tv dinners cake mixes easy fix foods foods called convenience foods today spend producing food spend money food pay farmers food processers city families food biggest costs larger family higher food bill low income families money spend food need nutrients high income families important family food dollar ways save money food buy fix foods prepared convenience foods
heat afternoon sun pressed nice warm blanket goldie drifted sleep awoke felt lazy energy sweat dripped face sat tanned legs turned faint red color sun hoped wasn burned clean blue water pool looked pass hurried hot concrete deep end sat edge gave happy sigh cool water wrapped legs cold took breath eased swam slowly moving pool sound noise break quiet worn goldie climbed water afternoon starving kitchen peeled potatoes cut strips french fries cooked stove put steak broiler set tray living room ate meal watched movie cable tv movie started took tray kitchen put dishes dishwasher ate bowl ice cream watched movie clock swim floating looking stars quiet broken ringing phone
pulled goldie feet grip arm look uh shut goldie closed mouth stared saw age size muscles bulging dirty shirt dark hair cut short pale scalp showed face narrow empty cheeks crooked nose thin lips looked mean eyes let slapped face sharp sting brought tears eyes goldie free arm swung hand flashed cheek return slap changed mind closed fist blow shock wave arm amazed watched head snap sideways staggered backwards recover balance pushed hard fell goldie jumped past door grabbed ankle feet slammed floor fall knocked breath kicked free hand pushed feet hurried hallway glancing saw feet yelled dashed dark hall feet pounding carpet arms pumping running fast fast gaining knew didn chance escaping
ok messed locks house breaking toothpicks damage call locksmith shrugged shoulder key walked frowned don home trips middle night trick locks plenty sneak disappear believe caught guess wasn caught exactly smiled tied watched narrow angry eyes think kind horrible person goldie believe living idea cost buy place rent halfway decent apartment city yeah suppose going let money eye find places owners vacation included mail stopped re leaving town length tail mailman houses skips easy huh look give act mean
feel graduation sad glad mad phil felt sad mad graduation didn want graduate phil wasn ready graduated phil main person story reading graduates high school phil parents understand phil acts think acting kid think acting grown job phil goes high school crashes dance meets joyce find read phil quietly walked front door house hear mother father arguing kitchen wrong phil father saying months graduated hanging joe rotten high school kids going grow job give mother school phil muttered don need eased door park guys hung maybe park phil spotted guys dressed going big date
bang jean mason heard door slam shut meant mother home jean clenched teeth fight going start jean mrs mason called jean home jean let seconds pass answered yes kitchen mother kitchen loaded shopping bags put bags table today mrs mason asked yes jean answered talk schools told didn jean don want schools mrs mason slammed handbag table demanded months finished high school going stay house jean didn say mrs mason continued learn schools learn secretary beautician jobs woman woman jean don want secretary beautician want mother asked yes want stop treating baby eighteen jean felt getting angry talk re mrs mason shot wrong going school trains job wrong secretary beautician
young legend developing west side mountains inevitably grow legends composed falsehood fact case truth compelling trappings imagination invested legendary figure greater stature simple reality repeated expanded tales commemorate deeds matter hand homer smith twenty stood foot skin deep warm black large strong features widely spaced eyes sculptor interpreted features terms character homer smith mother parts amiable part plain devil verdict accepted accepted days lived laughter buck sergeant received army discharge fort lewis army accumulated sum money slight thrift moonlighting occasional gambling luck bought secondhand station wagon seattle equipped sleeping started west believed heard army believe tales westerners told country curious
privileges freedom slept felt rising bugles blowing homer smith late sleeper believe stumbling half light waking birds morning nicely lighted sky rose filled bucket hauled barn hammer hammering corners eyes mother maria marthe watching filling bucket bother station wagon descended angrily schmidt words tumbled german german english incomprehensible need words convey meaning needed gestures emphasis gist message plain lazy loafer business sacking homer drew looking commanding height angry look nun hired hand feel getting don want don awe stamped foot pointing emphatically house geh mach schnell commanded house meant expected eat breakfast idea sense turned angry
mother maria marthe rose heavily crossed room big bible turned pages knew reading page turning stopped house remain eating drinking things give labourer worthy hire wasn exactly wanted say hoped idea laborer walked slowly reached pencil bold letters wrote proverbs spun pages read cast thy lot let purse poor wages mother maria marthe change expression returning consult bible wrote fragment cigarette package matthew ye thought raiment consider lilies field grow toil spin say solomon glory arrayed homer read baffled woman answers book surprised grips situation deal directly paid slowed argument army head filled bible words figures march straight wouldn difference
try build say fence tried clothes store buy rug important measure fences clothes rugs small part story stop think minute tried measure think important measuring parts measured building stay parts machine measured fit fit machine roads measured care food grows measure days machines pick put building machines plan roads farm times measure measure things school home book measure help learn measure fun learning let measure learning measure learned measure lived caves measure knowing measure save lives door animal skins cave wind rain snow
measured classmate exactly number feet tall part foot left classmate measured exactly number feet tall bit left foot measured chalkboard things classroom left measured feet measuring feet give exact measurements need measure smaller foot inches inches smaller feet inches foot inches measure things exactly look ruler lines ruler lines numbered numbered lines inch lines inch end ruler numbered line inch numbered line numbered line days thumbs measure inches inch wide thumb nail begins grow measure thumb nail begins grow inch wide measure thumb classmates thumb inch wide learned feet measure feet feet sizes thing happens try thumb measuring inches
springs high snow covered rocky mountains rio grande winds middle mexico gulf mexico river hundreds ago groups formed villages named spanish explorers pueblos live villages called pueblo indians indians mystery anthropologists believe asia narrow neck water separates alaska russia ago thought bering strait frozen land bridge walk quickly centuries slowly moved asia coast alaska finally southwest scholars studied languages native peoples live path mexico indian languages spoken alaska related spoken southwest languages spoken today mexico similar spoken pueblos coming asia routes later joined traveled groups hunted fished food moving animals seasons travels indians learned plant harvest corn discovery mexico gradually moved north group taught migrant learned farmers
sat tito naranjo boys munched bread fished longer michael caught fish tito string michael stuffed fish headfirst pockets tito road home grown warmer michael looking forward getting home maybe water fight thought liked family water fights brothers sisters hose yard squirt throw water buckets big mess tell stop michael mother father baby dollie california father studying baptist minister michael missed knew parents children money pueblo related close family adults concerned brother sisters older sisters nearly grown cook missionary women help michael feel unsafe tito play fun answer adult
important religious holidays feast san geronimo begins sundown september dance plaza public allowed observe part ceremony pueblo radiant condition buildings fresh coat adobe church covered adobe front painted whitewash clean ready feast night pueblo preparing celebration begins early morning favorite contest footrace rivalry exists north south pueblos taos creek side puts team boys older teams runners spend night race kiva preparing traditional early mass catholic church western entry pueblo congregation parades church carrying small statues altars temporary altar front northern pueblo aspen boughs tied logs creating green golden leafy church stories high open front ladder place leaders procession hand statues place story watching ceremony women sit story statues
country money ago money coins paper money wanted trade trading worked ogg farmer grew cabbages cabbages feed family ten needed shoes let ogg ogg zogg shoes living trade cabbages ten pairs shoes zogg ogg cabbages town cabbages beautiful zogg going don cabbage cow trade ogg togg togg owned cows hello togg cried ogg want trade cow cabbages togg looked surprised sick ogg asked cabbages pigs pigs trade ogg visited yogga ran pig farm pigs eating house home glad cried yogga saw ogg cabbages trading cabbages give pigs sold cried ogg cabbages pigs love
fall morning emily pig friend eugene enjoying stroll park beautiful weather emily sure going meet friends today nice eugene sure friend carruthers sitting wooden bench busy staring falling leaves morning carruthers called cheerful voices morning carruthers voice cheerful kind morning means want left worried carruthers emily whispered eugene lately grumpy unpleasant carruthers unpleasant eugene whispered kind word leaving carruthers sit bench stare falling leaves emily eugene stroll park cheer emily carruthers keeps acting won friends left true eugene likes grouch friends plopped bench thought hard eugene feeling grumpy listen beautiful music idea exclaimed emily friends hurried home minutes park emily tuba eugene drum
effie riddle shuffled feet desk school dismissed rain coming hard running windowpanes blurring view houses school yard effie uncle fonzo coming ford effie wished wouldn uncle fonzo ford automobile town run gas times hit cow road things wrong uncle fonzo school dismissed clock miss anna tapped bell desk uncle coming chester asked yes effie ride chester ready ride uncle fonzo chester liked uncle fonzo uncle fonzo liked chester chester looked rain streaked door hear coming hill look top uncle fonzo drove middle street cut school yard slid schoolhouse steps hurry effie don dare stall motor effie chester effie chester climbed uncle fonzo explained top putting side curtains rain top fell couldn didn want waiting
effie home school friday mama talking grandma loud voice tell mama mad pointed empty vegetable basket hands boy chester effie interested chester trouble chester asked fence horse trampled lettuce ground mama ground repeated leaf left effie walked broken fence posts effie heard familiar whinny fanny galloped hill fanny coming coming fast looked knew exactly break fence planned straight finish damage garden effie waved arms fanny headed straight garden fanny slid stop reached nuzzled effie shoulder effie laugh idea fanny friendly wished saddle fanny ridden horse entire friendly horse liked looked gate maybe climb gate slide fanny effie started gate fanny close fanny angled bit effie reached leg
barney hopped foot clambered train peering vain white faced crowds flooding eagerly st ticket barrier course simon struggling clutch canvas bundle father fishing rods meet car big diesel locomotive hooted giant owl train began move stay minute father barricade suitcases merry won vanish let clear jane sniffed ecstatically smell sea re miles sea simon loftily don care smell miles st uncle merry barney jigged impatiently dusty grey platform glaring disappearing backs masked view suddenly stood gazing hey look looked staring large black suitcase forest shuffling legs marvellous jane saw suitcase brown pricked ears waving brown tail owner picked moved dog left standing looking platform rangy lean dog sunlight shafted coat gleamed dark red barney whistled held hand
boy pushed bicycle lean pile boxes scowling barney jumped nervously rage suddenly snarled lot ee snapped heard word tone unmistakable simon hot resentment clenched fists lunge forward jane clutched boy moved quickly edge quay climbed edge facing box groceries arms heard thumping clattering noise looking edge saw lurching rowing dinghy untied mooring rope ring wall began edging boats open harbour standing oar thrust stern moving hastily angrily clouted dinghy hard side big fishing boats took notice soon open water sculling rapidly handed glaring sneering contempt heard clatter feet moving rapidly hollow wood inside injured fishing boat small wizened figure popped suddenly hatch deck waved arms fury shouting water boy surprisingly deep voice boy deliberately turned sculling dinghy disappeared harbour entrance round jutting wall
jane pull barney hold top shout feels overbalancing bent heaved nearest leg wardrobe happened think stupid thing nailed floor jane disgust heave wooden tower squeaked unwillingly inches floor coming barney stand simon jane tugged puffed blew sneakers slithering linoleum gradually wardrobe moved angle wall barney peering gloom suddenly shrieked door ouf staggered backwards gasped sneezed covered dust cobwebs opened try panted simon pink breathlessness success hope open jane sitting weakly floor pull thing inch barney muffled wardrobe heard door creak protestingly open reappeared large dark smudge cheek room staircase ladder goes sort hatchway light looked simon crooked grin boss slipped wardrobe hidden door
mark set olympic runners quick strides tear turf number sprints lead smoothness oiled machine races power filled strides runners close heels ahead stretches finish line refueled engine number bursts ahead distance runners widens tremendous spurt dashes tape olympic record broken lift gleaming space capsule trembles inside capsule astronaut hears roar booster engine space vehicle borne earth systems astronaut physically fit ready important special examples trained persons highest degree physical fitness essential watch feats sit front television sets live increasing automation longer chop wood ancestors carry pails water house hike miles school fit part space age saying nation means country condition fit socially emotionally intellectually fit physically fit physical fitness important president united states asked help country keeping strong healthy active
kinds tests young school teachers give tests find understand subjects doctor checkup health test gym teacher physical fitness tests kinds physical fitness tests astronauts pass rigid test accepted army navy air force academies cadets pass fitness tests enter graduate officers boy scouts girl scouts organizations give fitness tests boys girls physical fitness tests women let test simple exercises test measure minimum muscle fitness known kraus weber test developed dr hans kraus dr sonja weber known doctors deal physical fitness hospital patients healthy dr kraus dr weber test measure amount fitness healthy person able test calls exercise exercise stopping let begin lie place hands neck
test measure explosive power leg muscles position line feet inches comfortable bend knees swing arms motion lean trifle forward swing arms swiftly forward upward balls feet explosive spring air measure distance line spot heels part body landed nearest line repeat exercise times measure jump write mark jump feet inches score key jump measured feet inches number shows feet number inches feet inch test measure body agility flexibility hip joints mark parallel lines feet place wooden blocks size blackboard erasers line partner check running stopwatch watch mark seconds tenths seconds running stance starting line signal ready run swiftly blocks pick race set block starting line stopping run block pick speed starting line stopping put block
sign put recently happened lately ask villa villekulla matter fact ask local museum grave mound beautiful summer driving town lived bigger town considered finer distinguished lived smaller fine car grand person shoes polished till gleamed thick gold ring finger strange thought fine distinguished drove streets honked horn loudly notice fine gentleman saw signposts laughed heartily folklore museum grave mound read sign getting sort nonsense thought saw sign villa villekulla thought moment villa tourist attraction folklore museum grave mound decided sign put reason finally answer
pippi thinking staying middle november tommy annika laughed clapped hands shouldn fine gentleman terribly angry couldn reach pippi grabbed annika nape neck give hiding need annika spanked let cry pain fright thud pippi jumped tree leap standing fine gentleman start fight grabbed fine gentleman fat waist threw air times outstretched arms carried car threw seat think wait tear house week tear houses fridays housecleaning vacuum house friday tear saturday difficulty fine gentleman scrambled steering wheel drove haste frightened angry annoyed able talk owner villa villekulla anxious buy place chase nasty children
morning tommy annika skipping pippi kitchen usual shouting morning answer pippi sitting middle kitchen table nilsson monkey arms happy smile face morning tommy annika think pippi dreamily think discovered discovered tommy annika wondered bit surprised pippi discovered want discover anyway pippi word pippi looked tommy annika minute noticed brand word kind word tommy wonderful word pippi heard say annika spink pippi triumphantly spink repeated tommy mean knew pippi thing mean vacuum cleaner tommy annika thought finally annika don means bothers pippi decided beginning words mean tommy wondered bunch professors pippi certainly peculiar think words tub stopper string words
living things classified plant animal animals plants animals move animals unlike plants food dependent plants animal kingdom divided parts vertebrates invertebrates animals backbone called vertebrates animals backbone called invertebrates important difference animals body temperature animals body temperature remains called warm blooded birds mammals warm blooded animals animals body temperature temperature air water called cold blooded let look main groups classes animals groups animals common groups mollusks echinoderms insects spiders amphibians reptiles fish birds mammals mollusks largest class animals mollusks invertebrates mollusks live sea land snails oysters clams octopuses snails squids belong mollusk group mollusks soft bodies covered hard shells shells give protection animals mollusks shell inside bodies mollusks live water gills breathe classroom echinoderms echinoderms group invertebrates spiny skinned skeleton hard spines sticking
animals found parts found hot dry deserts cold windy polar regions animals live mountains grasslands tropical forests temperate forests oceans animals live mountains climbers important food hard find animal travel mountain order find food eat mountain animals thick fur coats warm cold mountain weather bighorn sheep mountain goats leopards eagles examples mountain animals largest fastest animals live flat grasslands giraffes zebras elephants antelope found flat grasslands animals eat grass shrubs leaves found animals lion live hunting eating animals animals hyena vulture scavengers scavenger animal eats left animal kill animals northern woods area called temperate forest temperature ranges warm summer cold winter animals live small helps running thick underbrush animals squirrel opossum birds build homes trees bear moose deer chipmunks found temperature forest forests central southern part known tropical rain forests
trains buses jet planes travel lacking bus ride zebras leg power animals natural power place smallest kinds animals live water type liquid animals bodies covered tiny cilia cilia parts animal body look small hairs animals swim quickly moving cilia water animals starfish move tube feet starfish feet suction cups end walk slippery surfaces snail makes sticky fluid comes flat foot snail fluid road slips kangaroos frogs rabbits animals travel hopping legs extremely strong birds mammals legs located undersides bodies faster animals antelope horses deer ostriches legs legs help run fast animals short legs salamanders wriggle bodies short legs catch ground insects travel legs leg claws end legs insects sticky pad end flies able walk upside ceiling birds bats insects travel flying air wings
look classmates look today plants thousands kinds plants family called plant kingdom plants living things grow living things plants food plant kingdom divided main groups simple plant group higher plant group called land plants algae fungi found simple plant group land plants higher plants include liverworts mosses horsetails ferns seed plants body algae look plants algae fungi true roots stems leaves algae live fresh salt water algae grow hundreds feet tiny cell kinds algae today algae chlorophyll algae able food fungi chlorophyll fungi live animals food green plants fungi grow dark moist places common forms fungi bacteria slime mold slime mold found damp places rotting logs mildews yeasts mushrooms forms fungi fungi fungi harm fungi plant diseases corn peas potatoes fruit trees fungi growing crops
look plants growing grow grow ground course started ground plants start ways seeds cuttings spores ways plants plants reproduce seeds reproduce means plant seeds found plants flowers seeds found plants cones pine tree plant seeds cones ways seeds carried plant ground wind carries seeds plants place miles rain water birds carry seeds distances seeds carried fur animals clothing nature ways getting seeds place place seeds spores plants reproduce plants ferns mushrooms mosses molds drop small cells air cells called spores spores found undersides leaves caps plants spores carried air wind reach ground spores grow plants spores grow inside bread wrapper spores fungus mold spores live bread moldy beware spores piece plant broken wind passing animal
plants provide materials building things houses furniture cardboard paper wood clothes plants cotton material plants fuel burned heat power types fuels plants fuels plants oil gas coal wood coal millions ago dead plants fell top layers caused layers sand water weight layers caused pressure coal formed pressure oil formed penicillin important medicine type fungi plants play important part everyday plants impossible live earth plants ways plants eating fruits vegetables plants large part diet cereals breads pastries group plants known grains examples grains wheat oats rye eating meat energy plants pork beef poultry fish eat plants order live energy bodies eat meat energy body plants help live making oxygen
ground shakes shakes suddenly splits wide open ripe melon opening shoot hot gases small pieces rock strange happens red hot melted rock pouring crack happening unusual act nature seen known volcano volcano formed melted rock called magma mixes hot gases inside earth magma gases rise earth surface find thin weak spot earth crust pressure inside earth magma explode crust force called volcanic eruption gases pieces rock fly air magma flows crack magma earth called lava lava cools hardens volcanic mountains formed volcanoes erupt water lava form mountains large stick top water top called island states country volcanic islands guessed hawaii main types volcanoes shield volcanoes cinder cones composite volcanoes shield volcanoes lava flows volcano mouth spreads wide area rise mountain gradual giving mountain low dome shaped look
played game called animal vegetable mineral game player names animal vegetable mineral player try guess category areas supposed completely animals vegetables plants similar alive mineral area truly stands mineral solid substance animal vegetable minerals inorganic material inorganic means things alive minerals common solid material earth earth land oceans rivers located top layers minerals soil feet pieces minerals rocks kinds minerals kinds minerals silver gold diamonds copper opals common minerals kinds minerals easy find minerals difficult find gold found minerals making things steel fertilizer chemicals products minerals think comes ground mineral true coal gas oil ground minerals minerals features set earth minerals minerals found nature
earth home home cared clean duty earth beautiful nice place live today interested ecology ecology plants animals live environment environment earth air water interested conservation conservation means taking care food clean water fresh air fuels animals plants soil examples things wasted ways help care important farmers care land care land rotating crops crops minerals crops put minerals soil rotating crops means plant crops piece land farmer wear soil rotating crops soil worn minerals wind rain rich layer topsoil bare field called erosion gully deep ditch formed layers soil washed farmer help prevent erosion planting strips grass land plowed farmers plant rows trees land rows trees called shelterbelts
ocean deep body salt water bottom ocean miles surface earth huge ocean broken pieces land called continents ocean water mineral found land mineral notice salt salt salt table oceans nearly percent salt swimming easier ocean lake salt helps swimmer float swim ocean try swallow water sea water drink floor ocean flat think flat plains deep canyons high mountains ocean bottom mountains caused volcanoes telephone telegraph wires run ocean floor ships explore ocean bottom careful don break wires ocean things food recreation energy travel travelers ago named oceans let look main oceans pacific ocean largest oceans covers earth pacific ocean deepest ocean parts pacific ocean feet deep word pacific means peaceful pacific ocean terrible storms
plants animals live ocean plants found sunlight plants need sunlight food plants ocean surface shallow water shore ways living things depend green plants live undersea larger fish feed smaller fish smaller fish feed fish eat plants tiny plants called phytoplankton word phytoplankton means drifting plant animals swim found ocean kinds ocean animals including sharks whales dolphins close eyes moment seen bottom ocean light black quiet cold terrific pressure bottom ocean pressure force object pressure half mile tons means square inch pressure half ton force bottom ocean seaweed fish eat fish eat fish guessed food hard find fish equipped large teeth jaws fish hinged fangs hold prey prey animal hunted caught eating eels live bottom ocean eels snake fish
oysters mussels live groups ocean floor groups called beds raise oyster mussel beds farmers harvest beds large harvest means gather collect oysters mussels oysters raised raise plants ocean algae kelp seaweed plants grown ocean waters plants grow hundreds feet food feed cooks learning food tastes sea plants sea plants everyday items sea plants paint covers houses cold cream covers sunburns faces earth covered oceans wise find ways ocean food eaten land plants learning food sea plants meanings words news glossary write short definitions spaces words definitions match correctly food ocean lobster shrimp ocean animals eat ocean animals eaten answer questions pick choices write answers spaces
looked sky noticed stars paths greeks called wandering stars planets gave special names today call planets names greeks mercury venus mars jupiter saturn greeks couldn planets call uranus neptune pluto planets need telescope planets stars look alike tell easily planets shine steady light stars twinkle planets move sky solar system planets mercury venus earth mars jupiter saturn uranus neptune pluto sun center solar system planets orbit sun mercury smallest planet closest sun takes days orbit sun temperature degrees hot melt lead land mercury dry dusty desert venus named goddess love planet takes days orbit sun temperature goes degrees venus surrounded thick layer clouds clouds act greenhouse trapping heat clouds water vapor mixture gases earth planet live percent surface covered water takes days orbit sun
look sky clear night thousands maybe millions stars twinkling head look closely stars form picture shape constellation group stars look picture shape stars position major constellations known constellations beauty hundreds stars guide travels stars tell direction going find location looking stars instrument known astrolabe astrolabe instrument find high earth horizon star constellations finding locations comets meteors stars twelve constellations area known zodiak zodiak path moon sun plants follow sky constellations place move places season season takes place earth tilts axis study stars called astronomers astronomers look stars moon planets instrument called telescope telescope makes things look closer famous constellation easy big dipper big dipper stars form handled cup
times eyes played tricks heard flying saucers feel actually seen outer space eyes playing tricks ago businessman named kenneth arnold flying plane mt rainier wash surprised group planes making unbelievable turns strange planes flew close mountaintops arnold saw fly fast arnold story news flying saucer sightings reported reports observers trackers guided missiles radar operators airplane pilots thought saw flying saucers united states air force determined facts flying saucers gave official unidentified flying objects ufos ufos reported shaped disks sizes feet diameter inches big shaped rockets sizes ranged feet reports rocket shaped ships mother ships disk shaped craft ufos amazing things stopping midair shooting skyward sharp turns reversed paths explain ufo reporters saw excitement idea ufos outer space exciting evidence support findings
wonder things weather snow white ice slippery makes thunder let closer look weather find snow water vapor turned crystals snow fine crystals pushed packed crystals facing directions white light sun falls reflect throw white light white reflecting white light wonder ice slippery ice slippery smooth weight bodies pressure pressure ice melt makes ice wet ice skating skating film water skates ice careful walk don big splash hear say felt light cloud clouds small parts condensed water water droplets big cloud weigh tons clouds don crashing water droplets ride currents rising air electricity sky lightning drops water clouds rub makes static electricity light travels faster sound lightning hear thunder lightning
nature decides flex muscles result dangerous happens cool dry air meets warm humid air follows known storm storms dangerous high winds lightning hail storms powerful dangerous nature blockbusters powerful types storms windstorms called hurricanes tornadoes hurricane ocean storm occurs ocean caused evaporation warm ocean water hurricane hundred miles wide storm days middle hurricane area calmness area called eye wide miles hurricane strikes area hit rain high winds winds blow hard miles hour storm calm lasts hour eye hurricane passes period quiet storm returns full force hurricane damage winds topple buildings wreck cars tear trees kill animals hurricanes large ocean waves wash shores huge waves called storm surges storm surges destroy property human lives leave land flooded hurricanes called typhoons place north pacific ocean
impossible control weather learned forecast forecast means able going happen happens instruments machines forecast weather hours days weeks ahead called meteorology person reads instruments forecasts weather called meteorologist thermometers barometers hygrometers anemometers rain gauges weather vanes instruments weather forecasting thermometer measure temperature air thermometers tube hollow glass filled mercury alcohol liquid inside tube moves temperature air rises liquid moves temperature air goes meteorologist hygrometer measure humidity air humidity amount water vapor wetness air kinds hygrometers type thermometers tied end thermometers wet cloth wrapped thermometers spun air string temperatures read temperature cloth covered thermometer differ amount humidity wetness air type hygrometer called hair hygrometer hygrometer bundle hair humidity air higher hair longer
happened promises forgets dave macklin dave main person story reading dave easily makes promises easily forgets dave mother don believe dave forgets promises think dave remember chose story dave makes promise kid brother joey joey thinks dave greatest person thinks dave wrong joey dave family feels dave lot lose lets joey promise dave joey dave promise happens dave chooses find read food dave mrs macklin food dave asked mother food promised buy morning mrs macklin forgot dave answered forgot promised mrs macklin stared dave promise yelled believe say forgot dave yelled dave brother joey running room joey mrs macklin calm joey mommy afternoon dave care daddy comes home tonight
fight mama school cindy thought mama problem mama didn changing mama yelling cindy clean room dishes don wear eye shadow school dress tight home late science class cindy didn hear word teacher saying hear mama yelling mama words head liked listen teacher baker today mind lesson class baker stopped cindy wrong cindy asked tell disturbing talk cindy looked didn answer tell asked baker cindy face turned tell coldly cindy let help baker cindy eyes black ice leave snapped ran classroom ran hall restroom afraid going cry girl restroom window looking sure nice today girl cindy wish don girl asked don shut cindy
headlines common deal problem environment environment matter energy living living hear smell taste touch total surroundings environment course environment small home live environment surrounded things school environment environment walk city walk park puts environment ways universe environment heat light sun night sunlight bounces moon lights sky light stars adds beauty environment clear nights main environment course earth earth important need live air breathing food eating water drinking bathing materials making clothes buildings machines kinds fuels power heat environment universe belongs clearly control sun stars left mark moon
places feel safest say home home safe place think john glenn american astronaut orbit circle earth traveled thousands miles space capsule job astronaut dangerous colonel glenn escaped dangers job unhurt months later fell bathroom home injured head survived wars dangers injured killed homes home dangerous place country killed home million americans hurt home accidents sad think accidents need happen home safe place think environments home control harry smith family lived city apartment harry liked clocks electric motors spare harry lot oil clocks motors running smoothly oil workbench rags closet harry put oil part wipe rag closet harry small pile oil soaked rags floor closet
kind insect killing device poisonous fumes device looks lamp harmful effects stayed room constantly device poisonous fumes continually probable danger insects ideas think insecticides insecticides absolutely stay rooms sprayed insecticide skin wash poisons treated care mouse rat poisons insect sprays dangerous foods poisons reach small children pets chew lick drugs medicines stored care fuel burning devices vents leading outdoors chipped peeling paint removed completely lead poisoning care storing insecticides household pests known known pests flies mosquitoes ants roaches mice rats pests found live pests want rid household pests carry diseases flies roaches carry germs bodies walk leave germs mosquitoes carry germs bodies
birds nest branch tree soon eat paper spots red paint cat nice cat pat lion cat lion zoo lion big cat big cat zoo lion lion big cat lion spots lion big spots big cat lion noise lion zoo pond big cat soon cat swim pond shore eat spots big cat spots black cat spots soon sleep tree soon cat tree sleep sleep branch stay branch fall cat spots branch cat quick jump food sees answer questions big cat cat spots sleep tree noise clock stop put quilt bed
fish swim animals fish swim animals swim fish point animals fish animals noise animals big noise animals noise point animals big noise find animals noise big animals jump animals jump look animals page animals page jump point jump animals quick look animals page quick point quick animals big animals animals big noise animals noise animals quick jump fish swim animals fish swim answer questions animals big noise big animals jump let walk park child big fish sea seal eat fish saw blue boat kate kate walk shore fun walk kate kate help child kate help child find red ball ball fall sea kate
cats walk find food cat black cat spots bread eat cat spots black cat bread cats angry noises want black cat cat spots cats king maybe help king let look bread big cats eat ate bread bread cats angry noises want cat spots want black cat help king bread big ate bread bread bread cats angry noises want cat spots black cat king cats eat king ate bread cats eat king teach answer questions cats find cats angry noises zoo let find toy boat duck goose birds
boat boat boat boat boat boat dog dog dog dog dog pete pete boat paint paint boat pete boat paint boat dog dog paint boat boat dog boat dog paint sam dog kate boat kate paint boat kate paint boat kate happy sam paint dog sam paint dog sam happy kate happy dog dog van red dog dog red dog van red red dog van paint dog paint happy happy paint dog red paint red red dog van red dog van dog pete happy van red dog kate quilt van sit quilt happy dee sit van fun fun
sit pitch pine panelled kitchen living room otter asleep cushions sofa forepaws air expression tightly shut concentration small babies wear sleep stone slab beneath chimney piece inscribed words non fatuum huc persecutus ignem wisp door sea waves break beach stone throw distant encircling mist hung mountains group greylag geese sweep past window alight small carpet green turf soft contented murmur voices sounds sea waterfall utter silence place home ten lead future remain spiritual home die house returns certainty welcoming fellow human beings expectation comfort ease familiarity lichen covered rock rowan tree show known reassuring faces thought live west highlands earlier sojourn hebrides end retrospect episodic finish uncompromisingly final thought return savoured jilted lover pleading indifferent mistress claim wisp learn happiness achieved held endeavour
robinson crusoe swiss family robinson instinct latent childhood games house building camusfearna ten ago find scanning weird piece flotsam jetsam considering purpose serve beachcomber standing amazed find commonest things jetsam rubber hot water bottle compete successfully straggling line brown sea dizzy jumping sand odd shoes empty boot polish talcum powder tins round corks buoy lobster pots nets ubiquitous skulls sheep deer surprising number hot water bottles undamaged camusfearna overstocked damaged cut highly functional table mats beginning table protect days camusfearna clear import small load essential furniture easy matter road approach fifteen miles sea nearest village furniture sea lochs norwegian fiords cut deep west coast village hundred twenty miles road length motored lochailort inn hundred miles highly individual proprietor uilleamena macrae shark fishing
miss stags winter close house young trees planted hill face camusfearna druimfiaclach deer forced forest fence save occasional interloper mile bay winter camusfearna wake window frieze antlers etching skyline important big footprints wildcats soft sand burn edge harsh cry ravens round shiny seals heads bay house creatures neighbours english visitors camusfearna struck inarticulate desolate grandeur landscape splendour pale blue gold spring mornings entirely articulate amazement variety wild surrounded englishmen unaware wildcats common animals west highlands assume refers speaking domestic cats run wild tawny lynx ferals den hundred yards door bear relation domestic cat wolf terrier uncouth ancestors live caves cliffs reputedly untameable
pond big fish jump dad fish fish fish let swim fish dad fish dad fish jump fish boat jump play ball nice ride park pat want play nice pat play shop park carla pat want play shop park pat let play shop let park race let pat race carla shop kate gold ring let pond fish find box boat frog find blue ring find park let park ring find carla ride king frog ride king frog ring king frog want stay
dark green forest florida trees tall sky blue veil leafy hair vines red yellow flowers grow trees red blue white gray birds nests branches squirrels scamper trunks bury acorns hickory nuts roots night owls small animals soft fur bright eyes run play hunt supper path forest leads home calpurnia buggy horse calpurnia girl buggy horse dog calpurnia born poet buggy horse peculiar puppy dipped middle enormously fat stomach buggy horse possibly called rex rover ordinary dog calpurnia wrote poem morning story begins calpurnia awakened early window red birds singing sang loud heard sleep woke listened decided red bird singing love love love red bird singing sure sure sure
calpurnia stepped red boat fishing pole pink paper roses tied pig tails buggy horse boat pushed shore boat rocked gently river took pink paper roses braids tied hook end fishing line pink rose floated minutes sank slowly water frog sitting bottom river saw croaked water thing meant catch fish won bite sure settled watch blinked eyes huge catfish tried swallow pink paper rose hauled river end calpurnia fishing line frog grunted knew foolish fish sitting red boat calpurnia pulled fish buggy horse hung side excitement mother albirtha promised catfish pleased calpurnia reasons place forest dearly loved eat catfish father higher price place catfish extremely disagreeable try stick sharp barbs heads calpurnia thought fish stick deserve caught
calpurnia buggy horse full moon rose forest bright smelled night flowers blooming calpurnia poem mocking bird began sing moonlight night birds began fly white crane flew straight moon dropped white feather calpurnia picked tucked hair saw forest path home buggy horse barked joyfully ran ahead calpurnia nice home minute promised mother albirtha fish dear dog mother albirtha turning light shop heard knock door knocking late called calpurnia fish mother albirtha eyes big saucers saw fish child catch catfish secret river told goodness haw bush forgot told goodness swamp maple calpurnia busily untying fish fishing pole catfish want mother albirtha asked goodness red bud tree give catfish child nice fat catfish calpurnia chose nicest fattest mother albirtha wrapped apron
dennis watkins sat class stared window warm sunny april dennis daydreaming things wanted speedboat sports car sharp clothes apartment daydreams dead end street live dennis knew need money knew find job job future today start looking job thought called decision months left graduation find soon problem suddenly dennis felt firm hand shoulder teacher kotarski watkins yes sir absolutely ask answer dennis thought wide grin guidance kotarski frowned class broke laughter yes dennis thought today guidance counselor give help decided turned english lesson class dennis ms fitzgerald office sliding bright green chair began explain problem ms fitzgerald kind job want dennis sure want job apprentice carpenter town
understand dennis told wrote letter weeks ago haven heard shouldn ms fitzgerald answered say letter copy dennis handing finished reading letter ms fitzgerald shook head dennis wonder didn answer wrong write letter wrong mine wanted spelling grammar punctuation form letter ms fitzgerald searched desk drawer copy written letter study form rewrite letter dennis dictionary don stop draft okay dennis nodded rewrite letter don think late apply job saw ad paper night guess shop owner found applicant guess agreed dennis won employer think pretty stupid sending letters course employers admire persistence applicant shows care job pointed word evening dennis wrote letter studied form ms fitzgerald sample letter put dictionary desk typewriter
dennis watkins sat class stared window warm sunny april dennis daydreaming things wanted speedboat sports car sharp clothes apartment daydreams dead end street live dennis knew need money knew find job job future today start looking job thought called decision months left graduation find soon problem suddenly dennis felt firm hand shoulder teacher kotarski watkins yes sir absolutely ask answer dennis thought wide grin guidance kotarski frowned class broke laughter yes dennis thought today guidance counselor give help decided turned english lesson class dennis ms fitzgerald office sliding bright green chair began explain problem ms fitzgerald kind job want dennis sure want job electrician helper town
understand dennis told wrote letter weeks ago haven heard shouldn ms fitzgerald answered say letter copy dennis handing finished reading letter ms fitzgerald shook head dennis wonder didn answer wrong write letter wrong mine wanted spelling grammar punctuation form letter ms fitzgerald searched desk drawer copy written letter study form rewrite letter dennis dictionary don stop draft okay dennis nodded rewrite letter don think late apply job saw ad paper night guess shop owner found applicant guess agreed dennis won employer think pretty stupid sending letters course employers admire persistence applicant shows care job pointed word evening dennis wrote letter studied form ms fitzgerald sample letter put dictionary desk typewriter
melindy family brave grandfather grandfather father received medals bravery civil war spanish american war war melindy win medal bravery melindy chance arrives principal teachers students puzzled aware danger face try stop melindy brave thing saving lives school wonderful happened month melindy school course numbers miss krumm gave piece learn piano assembly played tramp tramp tramp fire drill music played halls montezuma shores tripoli afternoon head began hurt children march assembly room miss johnson melindy put hand melindy head think re sick melindy want home melindy miss johnson miss johnson don argue melindy miss johnson class marched melindy left schoolroom felt sorry melindy couldn help thinking bad stay home miss
jim white spent hot dusty range enjoying ride home late afternoon horse walked lazily jim looked land spread tired seeing interesting sight part mexico saw desert plain hills guadalupe mountains found beauty sight beautiful late afternoon sun painted high mountaintop foothills warm colors guadalupe mountains reach grow larger larger shadows added size beauty suddenly jim brought horse stop look cried smoke coming mountain moment watched silence cloud black smoke rising mountains jim looked looked light shadow play tricks eyes looks mountains trick heavy black smoke curling mountains rose high mountain floated south sure smoke cried jim wonder fire jim started horse gallop headed smoke ranch houses water fire mean real trouble jim close mountains
miyoshi lived grandmother small village sea island small philippines miyoshi helped grandmother catching fish raising vegetables fish vegetables need food sold village food left sell miyoshi took pole favorite place rock sea pocket largest worm seen fish lived water rocks place miyoshi caught fish miyoshi put worm hook dropped hook water sat wait deep surface hugh fish swimming slowly hook mouth worm miyoshi hoping fish hear frightened worm fish wanted ate worm quick bite felt hook swam quickly quickly pulled pole miyoshi hands miyoshi cried jumped feet favorite pole fish hook going soon miyoshi pole floating top water waves carrying
lighthouse isla del ships aground past memory nearest light stood point firmin channel thirty miles clear nights tower shining red green red place lighthouse whistling buoys shallows northernmost point island south water deep calm days sounds louder cry storm gray waves alaska moaned moans drawn sighs land sea mortal pain ship aground isla del december month ago panama cargo animals reptiles san francisco zoo struck southern reef heavy fog broke spilling cargo beach animals rescued quetzal bird rare monkeys pair bushmasters monkeys found later quetzal bird serpents roaming father don enrique de cabrillo benivides received letter week curator zoo describing quetzal bird bushmaster snakes quetzal pharomachrus mocinna wrote golden green scarlet iridescent plumage flowing upper tail covert
difficulties concern don enrique proper ask disturb grave unchristian act cases father martinez replied raimundo lull killed heathen moors buried africa removed therefrom returned native spain worthy precedent don enrique bring portola father serra means francisco pizarro pizarro present difficulties buried peru believe lima buried father seen lies display tourists gawk cathedral hunched crystal box big child looks monkey lying conqueror southern continent treated shameful give decent burial isla del spacious tomb match spacious mind victories couldn read write heard mind spacious don enrique dreamed large dream achieved promising freedom emperor atahualpa fill vast room gold room filled overflowing pizarro word inca murdered think treachery father pizarro inca remember small band surrounded thousands enemy bent destruction
john wesley blake island winter gale white sailing sloop driven ashore miles south castle found cabin grounded boat nearly dead rescued captain vega mine hospital slowly nursed health saw heard blake weeks met later unusual profession artist painter portraits hospital found strength portrait mother maids dozens young beachcombers gold prospectors health seekers island promptly removed captain vega mother enthralled portrait liked blake odd ways shaggy appearance father disliked gringo tried paint goya peerless spaniard francisco jose de goya lucientes father say john wesley blake copy painting rate artist mother reply original fourth rate artist arguments kind mother won john blake engaged portrait moved castle bringing salvaged brushes paint canvas
ago boy named peter lived land called holland peter knew holland special place peter loved walks land holland low flat bright colored tulips grew field field slowly turning windmills high walls called dikes peter knew holland needed dikes land lower sea places dikes broke sea flood land peter loved walk school enjoy slowly turning windmills beautiful tulips favorite walk led top dikes countryside stand top dike water knew dike land loved safe sea peter hurried road dikes quickly ran top thought peter saw windmills turning breeze fields bright tulips happy knew peter started home heard strange sound looked saw sound coming water coming hole dike leak dike peter hurried leak help
nate detective solved big case dog sludge running morning ran past annie dog ran past rosa cats ran past finley friend pip ran home saw piece paper step picked thin paper vita written ink paper torn vita mean looked vita found vita start word vita part word part note nate knew missing piece pieces paper torn thought rosa cats put pancake pocket sludge rosa house rosa cats hello put note step morning cats tear rosa looked cats cats big hex stayed morning rosa big hex spent morning favorite tree big hex tears paper big hex tear piece paper today ask rosa looked saw big hex sitting branch tree nate luck saw piece paper stuck small branch close big hex
fiona put water dog dish dog pet put dog dish front porch filled water fiona hoping dog stop drink looking dog stay friends fiona porch saw bee dish swam water bottom dish bee swam slower slower gave bee stopped trying limp fiona kind animals knew angry bee sting fiona looked found stick carefully moved stick bee lifted limp bee dish wanted put bee sunny place run looked sunny place bee dragged stick finger fiona move knew person wearing bee stand bee held finger seconds bee dragged hand fiona held breath stand rest bee hand told slowly carefully put hand porch railing
grandma zoo mark don car today grandma pat play soon mark grandma clouds sky afraid rain won rain grandma rain clouds black clouds white grandma things big white clouds things pat yes grandma sit grass look sky look cloud things clouds mark pat lion look cloud looks lion mark yes yes lion cloud looks bear pat looks fish pat mark stayed grass saw bird big frog cat pat zoo animals look clouds sky answer questions children look clouds mark pat animals clouds cook bed mark person remember food table remember things
play remember put things table person say look things try remember turn table person things turn table table look things left remember things saw answer questions play remember children things glue paper table jack remember bring food kate hunt gold read paper clues help find gold pete win race win prize ann big green watermelon eat uncle van car mother grandmother house uncle jack tom today soon rain uncle jack ann stay house hunt hunt ann uncle jack read clue uncle jack clue
wish game play ani toys nice toys maybe mom idea idea toys yard open swap shop toys games mom mom idea open toy game swap shop yard let open today bill toys want give swap shop truck mine nice boat don want truck boat give toys games ani bill toys games wanted give swap shop ani bill yard put toys games big table swap shop child swap toy lion wanted ball child swap games wanted big game soon ani bill toys games play swap toys bill let remember toys answer questions didn children toys
population grown billion billion billions special person school twenty thirty classroom family million united states individual kind sum things makes individual things sense humor shyness lack ability learn color eyes hair height characteristics characteristics parents passed birth called inherited characteristics developing characteristics grow called acquired characteristics acquire characteristics live common differences individuals identical twins acquired characteristics twin talk talks person inherits physical characteristics parents grandparents distant ancestors inherited characteristics called person heredity carried sex cells inherited characteristics basis person general physical makeup affecting physical development babyhood person development influenced surroundings
find posture ask parents doctor friends tell notice reflected window store walk sidewalk stooped stare pavement deep breath throw shoulders straighten notice feel plan catch begin slump ask friends family remind worried posture bad ask physical education teacher help kind exercise ways correct posture depends looks things notice things body language express words aware body language sit stand tilt head move hands tells thinking want consider examples arms crossed looks believe saying person speaking message idea presenting sit arms head looked relaxed happy words body say things say angry anymore
friend share things movie funnier friend giggling fear moving grade tolerable friend nervous excitement horses increases friend loves horses things friend feels ideal friend accepts sticks keeps secrets worries sick miss school ideal friend calls hey feel fills missed ideal friend loyal admit secretly love teachers laughed told ideal friend stand movies comes interesting invitation lucky friend fits nearly fits ideal person share things count kinds friends group friend homework play tennis fun tease families bowl friends fit description ideal friend okay jack friend fun
benson angry mistakes asked sir tim hated saying sir hated wrong benson tim boss owned car wash business tim working short making mistakes week benson latest tim asked yes benson pointed finger floor mats lying ground didn put put tim stop saying say benson exploded took mats car clean didn put re supposed put mats inside car tim didn benson tim looked workers watching boss tim felt face burning benson driver car miss mats person pretty mad benson paused looked tim waited tim didn expected looked benson saying word benson asked going person comes give mats tim benson hotly say re sorry want customers happy mad
trena mother phone afternoon called mom trena home talk curtains put want alan home curtains don money curtains mother trena felt annoyed mother things mom married kid don run trena slammed phone trena looked curtains pretty soft white lot dirty door opened alan hey looking home saw curtains asked alan shook head trena cut spending bought stuff don money curtains mad trena asked didn answer alan trena cried place months couldn stand ugly curtains agreed buy didn need alan curtains home look trena alan don money hard food table live things home raggedy curtains window trena yelled
amelia earhart born atchinson kansas woman fly atlantic ocean received awards accomplishments aviation distinguished flying cross awarded amelia earhart career ended flight intended plane vanished pacific ocean heard selection author relates amelia earhart actual experiences solo flight atlantic amelia cried lucy secret course lucy thought ago days played amelia exciting plan amelia hoped calm voice going fly atlantic millie amelia flying bernt says ready gp willing husband exactly willing stand wanted want don amelia answered simply lucy staring cousin fly atlantic amelia dare thing amelia daring things lucy admire turned lay knife making sandwiches
firefly held lead quarter black comet shot forward pulled front maureen dug fingernails fence rail phantom prayed phantom going race phantom running race enjoying piece thistledown borne wind moving space wild abandon coming pass firefly black comet joy flying legs music sweeping past firefly length black comet climbed fence rails frenzy excitement black comet screamed crowds pocomoke gee phantom cried island folk maureen longer onlooker phantom winging curve nostrils fire red dying sun paul leaning forward kind wild glory drawing close black comet sailing ahead finish line winner length crowds grew hysterical phantom phantom won stopping phantom flying track voice loud speaker laughing saying paul pulled wickie spoke softly phantom ear gradually brought stop maureen laughing crying
thing short water sandstorm wells covered spent lifetime crossing recrossing desert hope find water despite fears youba awake hour wind sound wild covered layer sand fell doze awoke hours later heart beating fast feeling terrible danger muscle tense case leap run lay listened minutes realize wakened terror silence wind dropped drifted sand hear whisper shaking clear sand blinked blue sky night hour desert quiet breath wind moving wiping sand eyelashes youba looked south looked direction sandstorm began ahead flat yellow earth patches soft sand broken footprints camels showing caravan hard baked yellowish earth covered millions tiny ripples sand
paper money regularly united states hundred bills popular easier handle large amounts coins everyday working large sums money means familiar bills united states bills dollar dollar ten dollar twenty dollar bills dollar fifty dollar hundred dollar bills larger bills hundred thousand dollar bill large bills banks big businesses government paper money printed bureau engraving printing washington bill printed bill worth dollars front bill picture famous american picture bill bill serial number printed front side find serial numbers exactly things printed paper money paper money printed black green bigger bills shown laws say government print pictures money green government print pictures bills size real bills laws
biggest job school important job learning skills rest succeed school doubt successful meet problems future teachers want job common sense want teachers want order able job fundamentals english remember english knowledge useless let talk need english classes able english able read textbook understand able understand teacher explains tells able answer questions need explain learned able ask questions things trouble want present ideas discussion period able write test paper composition letter thinking course shop english help english essential shop want succeed
start want succeed want things dreaming clothes car home beautiful furnishings things want need succeed naturally skilled worker field read write speak beginning coming school job want advance higher position higher pay qualified imagine repairman talking wrong tv nurse silently caring patient mason discussing steps build dressmaker fitting dress absolute silence thought strikes ridiculous course actually examples suggest happen english job specific ways english help job understand foreman employer able read understand carry written directions instructions find discuss job customer want advance higher position employer expect able read trade journals select order materials bills estimates large special orders write business letters
dictionary book friend learning dictionary efficiently intelligently able gain deal information quickly dictionary friend helps lessons assignments school addition friend job private imagine going words difficult impossible words chief means communication speak write think words express ideas dictionary tells things word tells spell means pronounce part speech language things interest list dictionary play big part everyday skilled worker skill words words tools planes scissors files tools skillful words tools trade purpose dictionary essential mechanic tools mechanic tools words express knows words
school education learning important education key success job meet raising children don intend college stress learning affects place job market unskilled read matter trade follow read reading important school reading nearly subject prepare read poor readers answer reading means school look ahead looking job jobs filled basis written tests heard civil service examinations government jobs written tests check knowledge check ability read lot won pass test understand quickly re supposed read directions questions reading means opportunities success job depends largely reading ability date trade newest materials newest methods newest ideas certainly change
times reading looking quick answer don want read page telephone directory care want look list quickly find want looking list table contents names directory find items want called scanning reading quickly find chapter title find information glancing quickly group sentences paragraphs find idea called skimming skimming valuable skimming information want shortest amount let say want find won night baseball game don read word newspaper scan headlines sports section find article game skim article score want game skills scanning skimming learn wanted shortest amount suppose saw article steel production magazine interested steel production want read article carefully skimming article suppose want steel cold rolled read article carefully
thought importance newspaper democracy think try find reason importance newspapers democracy means government democracy works citizens able democracy depends citizens facts form intelligent opinions ignorance properly rule ruling ruler easily dictator dictator takes country things grab control press forces print wants printed country governmental control press newspaper operate largely rules set citizen free country play intelligent part running community country aware going learn goes reading newspaper regularly newspaper help aware events taking place newspaper informs readers information called news offers opinion news expressions opinions called editorials editorial pages editorials show editors newspaper think events government policies editorial page offers readers chance express opinions letters editor
simply stand homesick plan july latest august simply let hear argument felt disappointed felt bit bad guess badder terribly disappointed disappointed sore manage sure managed catastrophic happens war earthquake won planned haven machine automobile gillette rose husband working money pleasant anyway san francisco fair meet friends play working worked job sort movable feast don office regular hours lots arrange aeroplane flight eat interesting restaurants figured july able send fare maybe afterward send week lose chickens trip
decided stay figured rose routed part country tonight berth pay night rest undressed room cup hot tea hot toast half past going bed sleep rest afternoon tonight fresh morning sleep ahead berth tomorrow save amount hotel bill fun ride common coach travels crowd pullman chance country going figured save cost stay country rose planned frisco planned arrive happens prevent country stayed flat looking clear denver tell air high engine climbing
course arrived safely san francisco walked walk train ferry rose stepped crowd seized ferry sat upper deck front fog covered water bay lights tired anyway realize gillette rose husband met stepped ferry took streetcar nearly home climbed hill rest bed soon resting took motion cars head yesterday afternoon rose gillette beach walked hill paved streets walks lovely buildings car line took car land end ten miles city blocks land end view pacific ocean say beautiful half express simply words water deep wonderful blue sound waves breaking beach whisper flow dream saw lumber schooner coming going passed golden gate
wrong picture things wrong study carefully find list mistakes spot turn page sharp wrong details find wonderful find details look examining picture closely found kind searching write looking look look things places seeing think questions fast answers things side sink hot water tap buttons sewn left side shirt front button side shirts women shirts arm put sleeve leg start put pants shoe put turn knob open classroom door traffic light red top bottom answer
feelings expressed picture picture shows person suffering details artist person clutching head hands pain mouth open person screaming eyes wide staring person seeing terrible person looks skeleton human person starving important details spot person bridge picture walking cares picture dark full heavy black lines sky looks stormy threatening look picture think feeling picture makes think feeling faces say hands sitting things table list details think feeling talk pictures class discover saw classmates saw thought picture walking screaming walking
hard describe painting friend seen wouldn picture strange looking watches telling important detail bare tree rocky cliff sensory words describe tree cliff picture strange scary dealing feeling target friend exactly picture honest answer problem haven told friend true picture explain watches strange looking tell tree cliff look say makes picture scary strange mean say open details means give information tell picture say things picture look taste sound feel tell picture makes feel making statement things tell true write
japan poor young artist sat house waiting dinner housekeeper market sat sighing think things wished bring home expected hurry minute bowing opening basket show wisely spent pennies heard step jumped hungry housekeeper lingered door basket stayed shut cried basket housekeeper trembled held basket tight hands sir lonely wrinkled face looked humble obstinate lonely artist think guests offer tasted rice cakes forget taste sighed loved rice cakes dumplings cakes filled sweet bean jelly loved tea served fine china cups company friend seated flat cushions talking spray peach blossoms standing princess alcove weeks weeks bought smallest picture poor artist glad rice coarse fish sell picture soon
moment housekeeper appeared trying hard hide excitement master soon find words master head priest temple room wishes think honor priest temple wishes repeated artist scarcely able believe ears priest important person likely spend visiting poor artists thought housekeeper nodded head nearly fell artist felt excited forced calm run run exclaimed buy tea cakes pressed woman hands thing owned vase stood alcove room held branch spray flowers room bare artist hesitate guest turned proper entertainment ashamed think priest waiting minute seen coming welcomed door scarcely felt fortune rub encouragingly ankles hurried room priest sat lost meditation artist bowed low drawing breath politely waited noticed
intensely artist lived pain prince hour giving beautiful youth morning tired heard housekeeper polishing rubbing sweeping scrubbing rose dressed poor sat fortune praying image buddha room overlooked hydrangea bushes sparrows sat mat imagined siddhartha imagined wandered foot begging food seeking wisdom sat forest bo tree devils tempted sights terrible sights beautiful dawn wisdom understood suffer lives escape sufferings knowledge enlightened buddha artist felt peace love flowed smallest grains sand furthest beaches felt wife son felt lived moved trees mosses rocks stones waves believed turn suffer happy
artist seated mat fortune sitting discreetly minutes help thinking colored cat soon able turn mind deer paint animals bid farewell buddha knew cat thought sad imagined forest dappled light shade deer setting small hoofs ebony leaves making sound listening head raised high fairy branching horns herd deer young males fawns led secret pastures water hole wide nostrils scented wind danger drink enemy appeared guarded flight herd sides set spots jewels horns beautiful temple candlesticks eyes shy wild slowly artist wandered imaginary forests deer felt growing spirit buddha knew banyan deer herd driven enclosure herd deer leader beautiful heart beat thunder ribs darkness eyes fear sake herd
artist sat mat mind wrestled difficult problem gentleness snail noble strength wisdom elephant courage horse beauty wild swan willing endurance buffalo serviceableness dog generosity deer easy served buddha spirit temporary dwelling places woodpecker hare goose goat ape harmless creatures lion killed appease hunger took joy killing artist knew tiger bid farewell buddha received master blessing thought fierceness cruelty tigers imagined lying striped shadows jungle eyes fire danger water hole killers reeds villages carried woman killed field carried child playing dust door house creature buddha bless artist pondered sitting silence remembered devoted tiger mate cubs face odds danger
morning hearing picture finished priest greetings artist led look painting priest gazed shines softly face hardened animal painted asked cat painter heart felt heavy despair asked priest sternly cat rebelled lord buddha receive blessing enter heaven yes knew artist person suffer consequences acts priest cat suffer obstinacy erase painting tomorrow officially burn artist picture hang temple housekeeper wept kitchen bringing cat home ruined master artist sat room hydrangeas thought painting part put tomorrow priests harshly burn courtyard temple ruined hopes regret days lived thought love examples sacrifice hard suffer fortune moment happiness
past realize protect illness poor health information health diseases caused live choices diseases caused poor health habits habits include smoking poor nutrition overeating lack exercise handling stress poorly means times contribute bad health doctors scientists learned poor health habits increase person chances ill doctors studying ways help stay concept wellness created wellness opposite illness ill means feeling working playing means keeping physical social mental parts healthy working person practices wellness makes daily health choices promote health wellness includes searching ways improve protect health wellness living older responsible health responsible health means practicing health habits means getting plenty sleep choosing healthful foods exercising muscles means making choices help grow mentally socially choose practice safety rules eat healthy snacks exercise regularly taking responsibility health working high level wellness
aerobic means oxygen exercises build heart lung endurance aerobic strenuous body requires oxygen put strain heart heart stronger harder aerobic activity longer minutes breathing deeply find favorite activity chart contribute level fitness cardiorespiratory fitness need exercise times week aerobic level start slowly exercising minutes gradually build minutes exercise spend minutes warming stretching walking beginning strenuous exercise heart gradually increase muscles ready warming help prevent injuries important spend minutes exercising cool slow stretching exercises walk live stress stress part everyday living feel stress demands bodies stress occurs body thrown normal resting lain ground watched cloud formations calm peaceful feeling normal resting forced change normal resting feel stress
learning stay skill learning play basketball learn play basketball playing practicing want continue improve skills true wellness learn improve health continue things healthy basketball player check frequently improve play game true wellness body working continue practicing habits need check health health choices regularly sure working wellness earlier discussed ways testing level fitness talked ways improve fitness ways check level health evaluating health habits regular medical dental checkups habits personal habits behave act repeatedly health habits changed habits learned takes practice check health habits write twelve health habits sheet paper wash hands meal eat healthy diet choose healthy snacks choose foods food groups brush floss teeth
learned sides health triangle learned ways improve maintain health today future let look person grows develops growth continuing process changing growing result side health triangle grows daily factors affect growth important point remember growth follows predictable pattern kind place ages person growth rate unique think class learned walk talk age developed rate let growth takes place cell basic unit began cell tiny seen high powered microscope cell formed egg cell mother sperm cell father united union formed fertilized egg cell fertilized egg cell began divide grow continued grow months developing baby depends mother nourishment month period early stages development baby called embryo end month inch millimeters
period age age known early childhood children age group developing social skills improving motor skills learning verbal skills watched olds unlimited energy curiosity want going things want learn feed help dress friendly playful familiar chatter constantly chatter parents chatter brothers sisters chatter family pet children age group learning social skills age child experiences occur home experiences persons family limited age children begin interact children attend care center preschool begin play children neighborhood children age learning communicate skills important steps growth development growth development continues child enters middle ages ten age children elementary school think school describe changing middle slow steady growth
muscles need energy energy nutrients food food eat digested nutrients carried parts body blood blood carries oxygen cells body carries waste cells lungs continuous process called circulation live grow let works heart major organ circulatory system heart chambers top chambers called atrium left atrium bottom chambers called ventricle left ventricle side heart atrium ventricle joined small passage closed valve valve controls flow blood heart ventricle heart pumps blood lungs large artery lungs blood picks oxygen leaves waste carbon dioxide picked rest body blood returns left side heart veins blood passes left side heart pumped large artery called aorta aorta beginning blood journey rest body aorta branches smaller arteries arteries carry blood part body arteries reach body cells branch tiny capillaries
responsibility safety activities camping hiking rests campers hikers successful camping trip requires careful planning proper camping equipment proper clothing boating checking equipment working order part planning ahead prepared camping encourage safe avoiding hazards poisonous plants wild animals fire care avoid getting lost causing accidental shooting study plants area poisonous prevent uncomfortable itching touching plants study common snakes insects area poisonous case bite person lie bitten body part lower rest body medical attention immediately wild animals campgrounds food left sure clean leftover food meals person bitten animal wash skin area soap water cover injury clean bandage person hospital doctor immediately catch animal endangering doctor checked rabies parts country ticks problem ticks stick skin scalp carry germs diseases
nutrition science studies food body food doctors nutritionists study malnutrition diseases study diseases caused overeating obesity nutrition effects specific nutrients body heard word diet talk losing weight say diet try lose weight actually diet diet consists food eat important diet eat affects sides health triangle diet affects grow physically determines strong healthy bones teeth healthy hair diet helps smooth healthy skin strong nails affects weight physical effects system body affected diet diet affects body ability prevent diseases infections learn read chapter diet affects think remember affects feel tired run full energy diet affect mood ways diet affects social health let food eat affects health remember body needs energy energy food food nutrients nutrients help body
choosing foods groups provide body nutrients needs healthy think diet write ate drank hours sure include ate put food choices groups belong recommended servings group foods fit groups group think belong actually group called consists fats sweets foods provide body carbohydrates fats high calories call empty calories think means foods group high calories nutritional foods affect balanced diet point remember think diet breakfast important meals takes extra energy started morning body needs food start students eat breakfast school eating breakfast help think learn school morning hours snack food eaten meals snacks provide extra energy satisfy hunger meal healthy
sentence subject predicate underground caves develop sentence expresses complete thought makes sense complete subject predicate look sentences explorers enter cave cave damp sentence entered cave explorers explorers subject sentence sentence damp cave cave subject sentence subject tells sentence predicate hand tells subject read sentences water drips ceiling cavern dark cavern slippery floors predicate sentence tells subject subject water sentence predicate tells subject predicate sentence tell subject sentence tells sentence experts midwest hunt tornadoes hunts tornadoes experts look subject sentence tells sentence subject word words read sentences funnel touches ground spinning funnel touches ground spinning funnel debris touches ground sentences simple subject funnel simple subject important main word complete subject
subject declarative interrogative sentences follows verb subject imperative sentences understood stage ran magician manny magic show night show tonight subject magician rabbit shows unexpected places declarative sentences begin subject add suspense writer put subject find subject ask sentence find simple subject sentence rabbit hopped hopped rabbit sentence begins word look middle end sentence subject simple subject bird sleeve interrogative sentences hide subjects finding easy trick turn question statement find subject statement look question rearranged elephants disappear elephants disappear imperative sentences subject invisible imperative sentences give command subject understood subject commands look hat examine closely compound subject subjects joined subjects compound subject share verb school career students busy students professional children school concerned things school career
likes misunderstood explanatory paragraph help tell clear topic sentence states main idea detail sentences support main idea topic sentence beginning middle end paragraph comes beginning ways organize explanatory paragraph give facts examples tell details order happen tell effect organize paragraph facts examples main idea topic sentence support idea facts examples read paragraph details examples fire department vehicles carry saving equipment ladders ropes help rescue bandages supplies ready injured organize paragraph order write details order happen words help show order details paragraph order drivers emergency vehicles receive special training ambulance drivers start class stress driving practice driving cones water covered course difficult test step organize paragraph effect topic sentence give details effects effect topic sentence give details tell
action verb word tells action sentence important part predicate crowd stands fans cheer point sit close eyes describe part answer tells verb sentence verb predicate verb tells subject sitting active body active breathe heart beats verbs tell action verbs clearly shows action tennis player ball tennis player hit ball action needs verb tell subject action verb hit tells tennis player sentence give clearer picture verb read sentence tennis player smashed ball verb smashed tells action strong action verb strong action verbs writing interesting subject thing sentence verb predicate learned unit predicate verb called compound predicate verbs compound predicate marcia swings connects fires ball line verb tense tells happens tense shows action present past future
books talk library quiet place imagine shelves shelves books telling stories discussing robots racquetball fortunately library orderly place library organized help find books easily books arranged main groups fiction nonfiction fiction books tell imaginary stories nonfiction books facts information fiction books found special section library shelves alphabetical order author book spine shows title author title fiction book find book jay williams book nonfiction books grouped general subjects language history libraries grouping system called dewey decimal system plan librarian named melvil dewey organizes nonfiction books ten general subject areas subject area group numbers subject areas numbers nonfiction book call number spine call number shows subject area book belongs look spine book call number books literature number number code help find book library letter call number letter author
music poetry expresses thoughts feelings experiences special ways rhymed verse regular rhythm rhyme free verse expresses ideas regular rhythm rhyme types verse figures speech poetry alive similes metaphors compare things personification human traits nonhuman things figures speech poem colorful interesting alliteration repetition poems pleasing ear repetition sounds alliteration echo poem meaning repeating line phrase adds emphasis page poem looks kinds writing poem looks especially suggests shape idea concrete poem remember shape pesty fly poem lesson write concrete poem remember writing involves stages plan write edit stage important follow steps skip subject interesting concrete poem rainbow roller coaster smile fun write think subject mind poem needs shape literally step choose topic poem step collect impressions think subject colors hear words describe subject verbs tell subject step decide form poem
head straight library going write report reference works help find facts need encyclopedia source books volumes set books articles subjects read encyclopedia article windmill machine wind produce power windmills pump water grind grain create electricity mills pump grind wheel blades mounted tower wind strikes blades causing wheel turn windmills generate electric power propeller type wheels mounted tall tower wheel connected generator gears entry word tells article entry word article article includes facts pictures charts topic end articles list topics called related articles cross references cross references tell entry words related articles encyclopedia articles entries arranged alphabetically volumes volumes numbered order spine volume letters printed tell part alphabet included follow steps find entry encyclopedia decide entry word look check index find correct volume find entry word guide words top page tell topic page
today looking sources energy writing reports search requires study planning writing report requires planning step choose interesting topic sure find facts topic topic fit report decide questions want answer topic start wh questions limit report wh questions library find books articles card catalog readers guide encyclopedias atlases almanacs sources notes answer wh questions organize notes outline report idea note cards notes note card write book title date article title author volume page number source write wh questions want answer suppose chose wind power topic decide ask history wind power wind power future article answer wh questions wind power history early days million windmills farms wind pump water grind grain electricity discovered windmills generated electrical power roaring twenties windmills pumped water electricity homes small factories ten later wind power replaced fuels coal gas oil
chance report writing skills learned lesson write paragraph report paragraphs answer wh questions remember writing involves stages planning writing editing follow steps stage skip steps organize ideas plan report step choose topic interests step write wh questions topic choose answer report appalachian trail appalachian trail appalachian trail step find facts report library look card catalog find subject cards topic locate books look facts reference books encyclopedias atlases almanacs sources information reader guide periodical literature find magazine articles topic sure information accurate look topic appalachian trail card catalog facts subject cards find books look appalachian trail encyclopedia check related articles conservation hiking look atlas find map shows appalachian trail step notes top note card write source facts list book title date article title author volume page number write wh questions write facts answer questions words
sentence part fragment need sentence remember sentence subject predicate express complete thought subject tells sentence important word complete subject simple subject noun pronoun complete predicate tells subject important word complete predicate simple predicate verb line divides subjects predicates mt everest himalayas feet tall chimborazo andes goes feet air mt everest simple subject sentence simple predicate chimborazo simple subject sentence goes simple predicate read paragraph mt everest highest mountain say depends measure mountain height distance sea level peak look center earth mountain peak method measurement chimborazo highest mountain declarative sentences simple subject simple predicate imperative sentence find exclamatory sentence punctuation mark ends sentence interrogative sentences punctuation mark ends interrogative sentence imagine live expect
paragraph group sentences relate single idea idea called main idea expressed topic sentence topic sentence begins paragraph comes middle end details paragraph relate topic sentence detail sentences give information main idea read paragraphs robot enjoy head shoulders stepped assembly line embarrassed headless design fortunately understanding technician soon added empty stunning head later snappy blue eyed laser installed stepped assembly line embarrassed headless design fortunately understanding technician soon added empty stunning head later snappy blue eyed laser installed robot enjoy head shoulders paragraph topic sentence comes expresses main idea robot enjoys head shoulders detail sentences support main idea details development robot head paragraph details lead topic sentence end look order sentences paragraphs paragraphs tell events order happened order order words organize details soon order words
write paragraph inventor parts put order arrange parts depends want invention parts paragraph topic sentence details topic sentence tells main idea paragraph detail sentences support idea order details depends kind information present paragraph facts examples organized logical detail sentences ordered sense small large beginning end paragraph organized order tells events sequence order happened effect paragraph topic sentence details tell effects topic sentence effect details tell topic sentence comparison paragraph mentions things compared detail sentences tell items compared alike paragraphs details ordered makes sense lesson write explanatory paragraph writing involves stages need plan write edit stage important follow steps skip steps begin look photographs page choose topic paragraph
description mountain climbing expedition incomplete verbs verbs vital telling subject action verbs tell subject linking verbs tell subject sentence action verb deception island antarctica hot spot volcano recently active erupted sentence action verb sentences linking verbs link subject word predicate called complement complement noun spot renames subject adjective active describes subject verbs transitive intransitive transitive verb object intransitive verb sentences intransitive verbs scientists explore slopes travel hike treacherous ice masses trips dangerous tense verb tells happens verb tense tells action happens present past future note verb tenses sentences whalers deception island port past scientists live present study animal plant future verbs create vivid descriptions strong action verbs tell exactly happening read paragraph scientists trudge mountainside deception island started trip early morning slopes layers black ash ice sheer cliffs black red rock vanish overcast sky suddenly foot deep rift gapes front climbers
verb special forms agree singular plural subjects bladderwort carnivorous plant stories huge carnivorous plants popular century ago present tense verbs plain form agree subjects plural nouns form agree subjects singular nouns sentence plain form bladderwort grows underwater plants eat tiny protozoa verbs add ed form past tense ed form agrees singular plural subject verbs change form journalist reported eating plants feet high botanists looked success verb irregular chart shows present past tense forms agree noun subjects singular plant carnivorous plural plants carnivorous singular plant carnivorous plural plants carnivorous key subject verb agreement find subject decide singular plural careful prepositional phrases compound subjects singular subjects plural sentences present traps notice subjects verbs agree carnivorous plants land fragrant sticky fluids hairs leaves fragrance sticky leaf trap insect minutes insect downfall sentences verb comes subject verb agree subject mirror
seeing believing description makes readers picture vivid readers believe real descriptions part longer stories help reader story taking place help reader characters kinds writing depend descriptions descriptions newspaper articles describe events accurately travelogues include descriptions help readers visualize place detail paragraphs descriptive paragraph topic sentence beginning middle end detail sentences give information support topic sentence arranged logical order space order left organize details space order helps readers descriptive scene compare descriptions curve silver track comes trolley balanced small steel blue wheels painted color tangerines epaulets shimmery brass cover pipings gold chrome bell bings ancient motorman taps wrinkled shoe numerals trolley front sides bright lemons seats prickle cool green moss buggy whip flings roof brushes spider thread high passing trees takes juice track comes trolley wheels
child marian anderson dreamed singer let achieving goal kinds sentences help write strong paragraphs remarkable marian anderson simple sentences express complete thought subject predicate compound sentence simple sentences sets subjects predicates expresses complete thoughts compound sentence marian sat table piano marian sat table piano sentence compound sentence combining simple sentences comma conjunction clues compound sentence conjunction joins parts compound sentence part compound sentence called independent clause clause subject verb stand sentence simple sentence compound parts expresses complete thought read sentences marian friend sang children choir practiced presented duet marian friend sang children choir practiced presented duet sentence compound subject marian friend compound part sentence sentences simple sentences express thought sentence expresses complete thoughts separate subjects predicates
complex sentence sentence independent clause subordinate clauses subordinate clause modifies verb adverb clause lives deeply affected computers process information rapidly computers began simple machines computers complex store billions bits information complex sentence akin complex computer information simple sentence remember clause group words subject verb independent clause stand simple sentence subordinate clause stand combined independent clause form complex sentence look complex sentence century students carry small computers school books subordinate clause sentence century adverb clause modifies verb carry independent clause adverb clause tells action independent clause happens place comma adverb clause comes sentence words introduce subordinate adverb clauses called subordinating conjunctions word bank lists complex sentence sentence independent clause subordinate clauses subordinate clause modifies noun pronoun adjective clause medicine field relies computers remember complex sentence independent clause subordinate clauses
outline write report follow steps step title outline title report step write paragraph main topic outline topic sentence expand subtopics details sentences support topic sentence follow order outline sure specific facts notes write paragraphs georgia artist called american original lived worked parts united states georgia born small wisconsin town beginning wanted artist sixteen began study chicago art institute taught art schools country including small college texas georgia moved york city launched painting career shows important galleries married alfred stieglitz photographer death husband moved mexico continued painting step covered main topic write summary paragraph topic sentence main idea report detail sentences reflect main topic outline artist georgia american original lived worked parts country midwest york mexico style distinctly american reputation artist outstanding
pronoun word place noun pronouns refer persons places things ideas renaming anne person number goals willing hard develop pronoun replacing anne pronoun replacing goals noun pronoun replaces antecedent pronoun john told read book stare john antecedent pronouns book antecedent pronoun kinds pronouns personal demonstrative reflexive intensive interrogative relative indefinite personal pronouns pronouns require forms express person number gender person refers relationship speaker writer person thing discussed person pronouns refer speaker writer person pronoun refer audience person pronouns refer objects audience number personal pronoun antecedent singular plural singular pronouns plural pronouns singular plural gender personal pronoun tells antecedent masculine feminine neuter
sentence group words subject predicate expresses complete thought describes action states condition person place thing idea depending purpose sentence classified categories declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory declarative sentence makes statement ends period interrogative sentence asks question ends question mark exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling ends exclamation point imperative sentence order makes request mild command request ends period strong command request ends exclamation point imperative sentences form questions actually mild commands polite requests sentences end periods gwendolyn took bus school morning driver license expire holly barn fire pass cauliflower football garden immediately stan mail letter downtown sentence subject predicate simple subject noun pronoun names person place thing idea sentence simple subject include modifiers complete subject page consists simple subject modifiers book term subject refers simple subject sentences simple subject boldface type officer directing traffic told move
suppose chief editorial writer newspaper editoral committee decided oppose decision local government write editorial opposing editorial rely exclusively subject predicate sentence structure questions inverted word order sentence structures give sentence variety editorial write actual decision community invent complement word group words completes meaning predicate complements part complete predicate larry researcher computer laboratory larry researcher researcher complement enjoyed hospitality tunneys summer enjoyed hospitality hospitality complement preceding sentences complements meaning incomplete unit covers types complements objects objective complements subject complements objects nouns pronouns follow action verbs active voice unit kinds objects direct objects indirect objects direct object noun pronoun follows action verb active voice receives action verb answers question verbs direct objects called transitive verbs page modifiers part object streetlights flood light expressway flood carrie opened door closet grabbed hanger hung coat
collective noun page names group collection objects examples include team crowd fleet class jury singular form collective noun singular plural verb depending meaning sentence collective noun refers group singular verb team plays team thought collective noun refers individual members parts group acting individually plural verb team disagree members team acting individuals nouns plural form singular meaning nouns end refer single thing unit singular verb notice removing singular noun examples include news economics mathematics physics news schedule nouns ending plural verb understood refer thing examples scissors pliers trousers pants spectacles clothes thanks congratulations clothes cleaners nouns ending singular plural depending meaning sentence examples include politics athletics headquarters dictionary find noun plural form takes singular plural verb headquarters asked transferred unit headquarters computerized office procedures headquarters
avoid unclear sentences place modifying phrases clauses close words modify misplacement phrases clauses lead ridiculously unclear sentences humorous result revise sentence misplaced modifier identify word modified move modifying phrase clause close word modifies maintaining intended meaning sentence small boy ate hot dog wearing yellow shirt small boy wearing yellow shirt ate hot dog wilson blamed richard damage lawn mower evening happened evening wilson blamed richard damage evening lawn mower damage evening evening wilson blamed richard damage lawn mower wilson blamed richard evening notice preceding examples revise sentence alter meaning avoid dangling modifiers provide antecedent modifying phrase clause modify dangling modifier modifying phrase clause clearly logically modify word sentence dangling modifiers sentences unclear ridiculous looking keyhole doorknob turned looking keyhole doorknob looking keyhole turned doorknob adverb phrase modifies verb turned dangling modifier adverb phrase correct changing phrase subordinate clause
set transitive verb means place sit intransitive verb means rest upright position direct object set packages table sit english class slow adjective adverb informal speech especially commands emphasis slowly adverb preferred formal usage slow train connecticut clock adjective bruce drank juice slowly enjoying sip adverb floor wet walk slow adverb informal words adjective modifying adverb means indefinite adjective means occasional adverb means occasionally want irene playwright walk river kind sort sure spell supposed final supposed baby sit jackson children tonight suppose sure adjective meaning dependable surely adverb meaning certainly doubt muddy footprints floor sure proof raining surely arrive hurry bring learn teach conjunction comparison adverb show sequence events
likely write paragraphs select topics find enjoyable interesting choose topics familiar prepared study select general topic paragraph limit goal arrive topic develop space paragraph limit topic narrowing specific place instance condition treat broad topic canoeing concentrate aspect topic enter canoe practical approach writing paragraph list details topic occur learn list help limit topic list illustrates process sound intensity measured decibel scale named inventor telephone alexander graham bell decibel scale represents power force softest sound heard human ear hundred sound ten billion times strong sound loud shrill noises inflict permanent injury fragile parts ear ear drum according american speech hearing association tens millions americans hear dangerously loud sounds dogs sensitive hearing humans common noisemakers jackhammers power mowers automobile horns impair hearing extremes decibel scale sounds rustle leaves decibels roar jet engine decibels hum vacuum cleaner assigned medium level decibels
body effective paragraph consists ideas details support explain topic sentence number supporting details need paragraph depends trying show strive treat topic convincingly common types supporting details facts examples reasons fact known certainty factual statements consist simple descriptions statistics historical technical information short knowledge obvious verifiable facts serve examples reasons representative group sample typical case instance event illustrates helps clarify larger idea reason statement explains justifies statement reasons attempt show answer questions beginning supporting sentences paragraphs combination kinds supporting details paragraph instance writer begins stating topic radio drama early led development sound effects writer supports topic sentence kinds details reasons explaining importance sound effects facts progress field sound effects examples sound effect techniques appearance radio drama responsible advancements field sound effects sound effects drama recitation sound device created mental pictures mind listener sound effects important effective broadcasting words play
effective revise sentences combine express thoughts smoothly combining sentences sentence revised sentence makes clearer relationship ideas original sentences combine sentences coordination coordination joining parts equal importance coordinate simple sentences independent clauses result compound sentence page sentence subordinate clause result compound complex sentence page ways form compound compound complex sentences comma coordinating conjunction page correlative conjunctions page caleb reporting john steinbeck molly chose ernest hemingway writing willa cather ms wong extraordinary teacher suddenly grown smarter semicolon conjunctive adverb page put comma adverb town board met week refused approve additional funds recreation soccer field enforcement leash law strict dog owners prefer paying fine leashing dogs semicolon relationship independent clauses close obvious help semicolon effective show contrast karen father owns bookstore mother drives taxi coordinating words tell exactly joined clauses related
pronoun word takes place noun pronouns refer persons places things ideas rename uncle likes roller coaster scare bit pronoun takes place noun roller coaster pronoun takes place noun uncle noun pronoun replaces called antecedent pronoun uncle al bought tickets jimmy gave noun uncle al antecedent pronoun tickets antecedent pronoun jimmy antecedent pronoun antecedent stated sentence give hand speak write pronouns reasons pronouns nouns peters hired john jane peters knew john jane care horses peters hired john jane knew care horses repetitive pronouns express thoughts difficult impossible express nouns seen blue sweater personal pronoun pronoun takes place noun naming person place thing idea personal pronouns change form show person number gender personal pronouns person person person
adjectives adverbs modifiers modifiers describe limit give exact meanings words modifiers help sentences alive interesting adjectives adverbs omitted paragraph read paragraph mental note places modifier added limited meaning word road paved road dirt road house empty lived road winds past house peers clump trees house built blocks held place clay blocks crumbled chunks adobe lie grass windows hang frames panes disappeared shingles curve boards loneliness house eased birds nesting eaves read rewritten paragraph follows added modifiers italic type dusty road winds past deserted house peers sadly clump bare trees house built ago adobe blocks held place heavy clay today blocks crumbled chunks red adobe lie brown grass windows hang listlessly frames panes disappeared bent shingles curve roof boards loneliness house eased birds nesting precariously sagging eaves answer questions paragraphs read
writers advertising copy adjectives public want product advertised advertisement speaker system advertising copywriter describe bass tone richest mellowest bass tone step newspaper magazine cut advertisements kind product underline adjectives advertisement step write advertisement product similar found advertisements step advertisement adjectives create favorable impression product refer dictionary thesaurus need help finding suitable adjectives adverb word modifies verb adjective adverb pianist played skillfully skillful pianist plays beautifully adverb answers questions word phrase modifies manner extent degree contestants glided gracefully ice manner contestants glide gracefully contest began late contest begin late crowd surged forward crowd surge forward ice machine rarely works ice machine rarely contest exciting degree contest exciting exciting words adverbs tell extent ice machine modifies ice machine works
wrong quotations imagine president says important bills house farm prices imagine famous archeologist says face horse assistant found bones rare animal imagine commercial automobile television announcer says bestest car whiz imagine valedictorian high school graduation says wish thank faculty learning quotations mistakes usage begins word imagine speaking quotations likely mistakes usage mistakes say write audience trouble understanding mean understand believe say knowing rules usage give confidence saying understood believed knowing rules help understand read say answer questions quotations mistakes usage bills president talking face horse assistant rare animal whiz bestest car car teachers learn students teach president archeologist television announcer valedictorian unlikely mistakes
verbs present tense show action takes place present action repeated regularly condition true coach wants action takes place present practice tuesday action repeated school large gymnasium condition true show present tense regular irregular verbs infinitive form add es infinitive form ride bikes infinitive rides bike school infinitive polishes bike week infinitive es verbs present perfect tense describe action began past going completed finally begun homework action going washed dishes action completed show present perfect tense verb auxiliary verb past participle mom driven thousand miles month replaced faulty muffler past tense describe action completed entirely past night anita removed broken glass window show past tense verb past form verb regular verbs form past adding ed infinitive irregular verbs special past form teachers offered help
collective noun noun names group objects team class band club collective nouns nouns look singular singular plural verb depending sentence collective noun refers group single unit singular verb collective noun refers individual members parts group plural verb class going san francisco class going single unit class agreed visit alcatraz class members agreed individuals crowd restless tonight crowd unit crowd heading seats crowd acting individuals nouns end plural nouns end plural form singular meaning refer single thing examples nouns news mumps mathematics economics nouns singular verb mumps painful disease today news hospital sounds economics mystery nouns ending plural verb refer thing pair examples scissors trousers pants glasses spectacles clothes thanks pants short scissors cut glasses broken fall title book story play movie television program musical composition magazine refers individual
teacher instructions guidelines prepare manuscript write compositions standard paper inches inches write side black blue ink leave margins inches left side inch side left margin write title composition center top line skip line title paragraph put quotation marks title indent line paragraph inch standard white typewriter paper inches double space side paper black ribbon leave margins inches left side inch side left margin margin pages page title place line inch top page leave margin inch bottom page center title inches top page put quotation marks title begin paragraph lines title indent line paragraph spaces write subject date order upper corner page page page put page number upper corner
times stared blank sheet paper asked write experienced writers admit difficult part writing process getting started fortunately things getting started easier set writer notebook notebook inventory interests list experiences need topic look notebook find ideas variety subjects writer notebook folder binder hold notes clippings sheets blank paper blank paper record interesting ideas occur strategies notebook filled current ideas experiences notes hear think want remember need record ideas complete sentences makes leaves change color record interesting things hear say reactions comments aunt roberta don count chickens hatch mean don hopes don count happens include articles advertisements pictures read newspapers magazines regularly clip save items interest include article escaped alligator news photo shows damage lake water pollution comic strip humorously points true friendship
point developed stack prewriting notes need notes specific writing assignments focus ideas collected stating purpose identifying audience choosing suitable topic write mind purpose audience purpose plan accomplish writing audience reader group readers writing intended treat subject depend purpose audience common purposes writing inform explain entertain describe narrate tell story express opinion actually purpose write details include ideas emphasize depend purpose suppose want write rafting trip took scout troop purpose entertain audience humorous tales misadventures include details lost paddle ten minutes paddled stretch water backwards arrived end trip covered dabs calamine lotion forty mosquito bites hand purpose inform readers rafting safety details
pronoun word place noun pronoun identifies persons places things ideas renaming pierre hopes concert pianist practices hours pronoun replacing pierre band chorus practiced school song play game pronoun replacing band chorus pronoun replacing song noun pronoun replaces antecedent pronoun scientist bent microscope looked door opened scientist antecedent microscope antecedent kinds pronouns personal demonstrative reflexive intensive interrogative relative indefinite sections unit learn identify pronouns rules pronouns refer section unit usage personal pronouns pronouns require forms express person number gender person refers relationship communicator person addressed person pronouns refer person pronoun refer audience person pronouns refer objects number personal pronoun antecedent singular plural singular pronouns plural pronouns singular plural
sentence group words expresses complete thought purpose sentence describe action condition person place thing idea sentence group words sense group words describe action condition rudy swimmer team swims fifty laps categories sentences declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory declarative sentence statement sentence ends period interrogative sentence ask question sentence ends question mark imperative sentence give order request command request mild sentence ends period command request strong sentence ends exclamation point sentences form questions actually mild commands polite requests sentences classified imperative end question marks final kind sentence exclamatory sentence show strong feeling sentence ends exclamation point wait melvin problem close door john ned pick newspaper wait weekend sentence subject predicate simple subject noun pronoun names person place thing idea sentence
complement word group words completes meaning predicate complements part complete predicate william faulkner writer writer writer complement published sound fury published published sound fury sound fury complement preceding sentences complements meaning incomplete unit covers categories complements objects objective complements subject complements objects nouns pronouns follow action verbs active voice unit section kinds objects direct objects indirect objects direct object noun pronoun follows action verb active voice answers question receives action verb verbs direct objects called transitive verbs page modifiers form part object family played games table tennis afternoon think played played games stan shot entire roll film developed prints indirect object noun pronoun names person thing action performed indirect object follows action verb active voice cases indirect object direct object indirect object comes immediately verb direct object jeanine grandmother bouquet roses
form present tense verb infinitive form add es infinitive verbs present tense describe action takes place present action repeated regularly condition true present tense statements literary works works art brian practices mandolin evening baby learned quickly fire hot hot fire hot merchant venice portia disguises lawyer present tense form verb describe action occur future sentence need include word phrase clearly future week team leaves hockey camp form past tense regular verb add ed infinitive irregular verbs need memorize principal parts past tense describe action completed entirely past elaine ran race week form future tense infinitive form main verb future tense describe action occur future gather family reunion july form present perfect tense verb auxiliary verb past participle main verb verbs present perfect tense describe action completed recent past indefinite past
title individual book movie television program musical composition magazine singular plural words country organization singular refers entire country group singular verb subject title country organization works days written greek poet hesiod eighth century stafford times appears weekly united states energy conscious singular verb subject refers single unit fraction measurement amount money distance specific interval hundred meters length race dollars amount need tolls plural verb subject expresses length amount considered number separate units hours remain deadline dollars table left phrases number number require special attention subjects phrase number singular verb emphasizing number figure individual persons things phrase number plural verb emphasizing persons things numerical figure number elm trees town diminished number elm trees block survived blight
pages alphabetical list words phrases present usage problems entry describes correct usage entries include examples cross references help locate related information lot means number amount words avoid informal usage alot word noun preceded prepositional phrase awhile adverb awhile marvin arriving awhile talk awhile decided sit awhile adverb accept verb means agree receive preposition means leaving organization gladly accept donation cousins dark hair bill affect verb means influence effect verb means bring achieve noun means result attitude certainly affect performance test verb meaning influence change policy effected members student government verb meaning brought exercise beneficial side effects noun meaning results unacceptable ready means entirely ready prepared means previously ready hour shirley decided topic essay
topic sentence needs supported specific statements supporting sentences provide detailed information readers need order understand accept topic sentence basic kinds details supporting sentences facts examples reasons fact certainty truth obvious provable facts things descriptions objects unbiased reports events confirmed statistics pieces technical information topic sentence paragraph italics supporting sentences provide facts illustrate idea expressed topic sentence berlin called beautiful city europe unter den linden city main boulevard longest city street berlin widely acclaimed beautiful broad avenues shaded huge trees set wonderful architecture rococo baroque gothic renaissance architecture ornate masonry early twentieth century contributed beauty splendor pre war berlin special marvels pergamon entire transplanted turkish town magnificent brandenberg gate spanned unter den linden exquisite schloss charlottenberg case representative group examples valuable help readers understand characteristics group notice facts serve examples topic sentence paragraph identifies type behavior characteristic group
write paragraph begin topic sentence follow supporting sentences arrangement readers learn beginning paragraph main idea achieve effects change order place topic sentence supporting sentences sentences note position topic sentence italics paragraph alarm clock rings morning turn sleep getting rude experience alarm father raps loudly door says intended funny em eileen trying guinness book records consecutive hours slept dad stands door chuckling head shower fortunately hear mumbling shower father follow ritual mornings shock shower knocks maybe say truly funny change paragraphs complete stated supporting detail paragraphs part larger composition need concluding sentence bring close types concluding sentences paragraph type restates topic sentence
paragraph coherence paragraph coherent organized sentences logically clear connections ideas sentences strategies help revise coherence sure arrange supporting details order sense readers chronological order writing events spatial order paragraph primarily object scene order importance present series reasons effects accomplishments comparison contrast sure point item matched point reorganize paragraph move sentences details presented order put proper place rewrite cut draft written side tape sentences order transitional words phrases show ideas related clear arrangement details help paragraph flow smoothly words phrases show direction importance comparison contrast effect draft paragraph organized order importance left paragraph writer notes needed revisions read draft notes compare draft revised version follows
pronoun word takes place noun pronouns refer persons places things ideas renaming anita won marathon ran record pronoun takes place noun anita pronoun takes place noun marathon noun pronoun pronoun replaces called antecedent pronoun noun anita antecedent pronoun noun marathon antecedent pronoun antecedent stated sentence let help package section study kinds pronouns personal pronouns indefinite pronouns interrogative pronouns demonstrative pronouns relative pronouns personal pronouns change forms show person number gender case personal pronouns person person person person pronoun refer person pronoun refer person speaking writing person pronoun refer person place thing idea spoken think bed returned book library chained bikes rack chart appears later page lists person person person pronouns number means pronoun singular plural personal pronouns forms depending antecedents singular plural
sentence group words subject page predicate page expresses complete thought sentence group words sense group words sentence makes sense group words main units kinds sentences classified according purpose sentences statements sentences ask questions sentences give commands sentences express strong sudden feelings declarative sentence makes statement ends period dogwood tree blossomed air smells sweet interrogative sentence asks question ends question mark pollen sneeze pollen imperative sentence command makes request command request mild sentence ends period command request strong sentence ends exclamation point turn lights stop exclamatory sentence expresses strong sudden feeling exclamatory sentences begin modifier exclamatory sentence ends exclamation point fun comes parade sentence subject predicate simple subject noun pronoun tells sentence simple subject include modifiers basic feature jazz rhythm
complete subject sentence consists simple subject modifiers words identify simple subject saltiest water ocean found tropics noun water simple subject saltiest ocean modify water steep hills deep valleys found ocean floor complete subject includes compound simple subject hills valleys steep deep modifiers complete predicate consists simple predicate modifiers words complete meaning verb battered car slowly pulled trailer dirt road simple predicate verb pulled noun trailer completes meaning verb slowly dirt road modify pulled prosecutor reached desk pulled object wrapped newspaper complete predicate includes compound simple predicate reached pulled desk modifies reached object completes meaning pulled modifies pulled wrapped newspaper modifies object subjects predicates positions sentences placement subject predicate depends purpose sentence declarative sentence complete subject comes complete predicate examples follow complete subjects underlined complete predicates underlined pitcher walked batters declarative sentences complete predicate comes complete subject dugout stormed manager
sentences classified according number kinds clauses kinds sentences simple sentences compound sentences complex sentences compound complex sentences simple sentence sentence independent clause page subordinate clauses page simple sentence number phrases page compound subject page compound predicate page independent clause tanya wrote letter ohio brother school compound subject family left arizona settled ohio compound predicate compound sentence sentence independent clauses joined join independent clauses compound sentence coordinating conjunctions comma precedes coordinating conjunction wash car suffers arthritis seldom complains join independent clauses compound sentence semicolon snails shells complex sentence sentence consists independent clause subordinate clauses subordinate clause adjective clause page adverb clause page interrupt independent clause candidate running mayor uncle adjective clause modifies candidate interrupts independent clause candidate uncle
verbs present tense show action takes place present action repeated regularly condition true need help action takes place present visit grandmother week action repeated book parts condition true form present tense regular irregular verbs infinitive add es infinitive play softball sunday infinitive kathy plays base infinitive dad misses game infinitive es verbs present perfect tense describe action began past going completed show finally started action going dimmed lights action completed form present perfect tense verb auxiliary verb past participle cartoon won awards seen past tense describe action completed entirely past yesterday dave paved front path sidewalk need past tense verb past form verb regular verbs form past adding ed infinitive irregular verbs special past form list pages glee club practiced concert
collective noun noun names group objects team class band club examples collective nouns nouns look singular singular plural verb depending sentence collective noun refers group single unit singular verb collective noun refers individual members parts group plural verb family going vacation family going single unit family seated table family members seated individuals nouns end plural nouns end plural form singular meaning refer single thing examples nouns news measles mathematics economics nouns singular verb news grows encouraging measles contagious disease economics continues controversial topic nouns ending plural verb refer thing pair examples nouns scissors trousers pants glasses spectacles clothes thanks trousers jacket scissors kitchen table spectacles invented benjamin franklin title book story play movie television program musical composition magazine refers title singular include plural words country organization singular refers entire group
teacher instructions follow guidelines preparing manuscript write standard size ruled paper inches inches write side black blue ink leave margins inches left side inch side left margin margin write title center top line skip line title paragraph put quotation marks title indent line paragraph inch standard size white typewriter paper inches double space side paper black ribbon leave margins inches left side inch side left margin margin pages page title place line inch top page leave margin inch bottom page center title inches top page put quotation marks title begin paragraph lines title indent line paragraph spaces write school subject date order upper corner page
asking answering questions subject help develop list ideas front write questions begin answers questions ask look answers book magazine source list questions answers related hot air ballooning goes hot air balloons trained ballooning safety techniques basic parts hot air balloon thousand yards nylon fabric called envelope basket passengers propane burner heat air inside balloon ballooning begin check encyclopedia balloonists travel entire continents oceans hot air ballooning popular sensation floating silence flight engine hot air balloon controlled turn propane burner open vent top envelope steer try catch air current moving direction want explore subject devising follow questions examples follow questions listed apply subject ask subject special characteristics subject history subject
paragraph series sentences develops single idea topic write paragraph purposes pages paragraphs thing common sentence relates topic group unrelated sentences paragraph paragraphs topic sentence series supporting sentences concluding sentence topic sentence states main idea paragraph place beginning paragraph readers immediately paragraph supporting sentences explain develop stated topic sentence supporting sentence provide information related main idea concluding sentence summarizes supporting sentences states conclusion related main idea brings paragraph close paragraphs concluding sentence needed paragraph unity supporting sentences relate main idea notice supporting sentences unified paragraph develop main idea peasants living mount li china stumbled astonishing archeological find century quarters mile tomb ch emperor shih huang ti enormous army size clay soldiers horses discovered underground vault according archeologists emperor pottery army created twenty hundred ago guard tomb
noun names person place thing idea dates days week classified nouns common noun names class places things ideas capitalize common noun begins sentence proper noun title person place thing idea begins capital letter speedway race track automobiles indianapolis speedway site indianapolis compound noun consists words form single noun kinds compound nouns kind formed joining words football kind consists words joined hyphens city kind consists words sugar beet fourth kind proper noun consists word missouri river collective noun refers group places things ideas swarm bees buzzed phyllis accumulation compositions show progress writer concrete nouns refer material things places concrete nouns things perceive senses traffic seasoning barking concrete nouns things measured perceived aid technical devices atom atom concrete noun names material substance sentences nouns boldface type concrete
simple subject noun pronoun names person place thing idea sentence simple subject include modifiers complete subject page consists simple subject modifiers book term subject refers simple subject sentences simple subject boldface type sigmund freud considered founders modern psychiatry artifacts archeologist discovered interesting seminar computer education held simple subject imperative sentence understood stated sure study chapter history book reconstruction think sure compound subject simple subject consists nouns pronouns equal rank term compound subject refers compound simple subject larger dining room den big closet added house dining room den closet form compound subject simple predicate verb verb phrase describes action states condition subject simple predicate include modifiers words complete meaning verb include adverb complete predicate page includes modifiers complements page includes book term predicate refers simple predicate
clause group related words subject predicate kinds clauses independent clauses subordinate clauses independent clause stand sentence sentence independent clauses boldface type notice clause subject predicate separate sentence subject underlined predicate underlined literary club intended read dune frank herbert chose ray bradbury fahrenheit comma coordinating conjunction join clauses preceding sentence part clause coordinates connects independent clauses coordinating conjunctions join independent clauses semicolon semicolon conjunctive adverb page career information increasingly critical today high school graduates guidance department planning series workshops careers spring semicolon career information increasingly critical today high school graduates guidance department planning series workshops careers spring semicolon conjunctive adverb clause stand subordinate clause kind clause called dependent clause examples subjects underlined predicates underlined clauses stand express complete thoughts
show comparative degree show superlative degree instances syllable words syllable words difficult pronounce adverbs ending ly form comparative superlative degrees comparisons showing remember modifiers irregular form comparisons standard memorize able correctly avoid double comparisons word suffix combine jim funnier group jim funnier group avoid incomplete comparisons clearly indicating things compared compare member group rest group avoid unclear misleading comparative degree word richard plays oboe class sentence says richard plays oboe class including richard plays oboe class part richard play oboe class richard oboe player class words complete compound comparison compound comparison makes statements positive comparative degrees modifier
pages alphabetical list words phrases present usage problems entry describes correct usage entries include examples cross references help locate related information lot means number amount words avoid lot formal usage alot word noun preceded prepositional phrase awhile adverb awhile awhile accept verb means agree receive preposition means leaving want accept expensive gift beth art course offered school course silk screening adapt means change adjust suitable adopt means accept lived warm climate took jeremy months adapt cold climate macintosh family decided adopt child advice noun means helpful suggestion opinion advise verb means give offer counsel accountant advised file income tax forms unfortunately follow advice affect verb means influence effect verb means bring achieve noun means result
quotation marks show writing exact words thought wrote quotation marks beginning end quotation quotation marks indirect quotation retelling writer words person thought wrote eliza asked borrow tape recorder vic opera magic flute radio night enjoyed listening vic enjoyed listening magic flute radio night indirect quotation writing dialogue begin paragraph separate set quotation marks speaker check source information dale asked course replied irene double check information concerning controversial subject writing quotation continues paragraph opening quotation marks beginning paragraph end quotation marks end paragraph written paris paris cared rest written quotation marks ranch silvered gray sage brush quick clear water irrigation ditches heavy green alfalfa copying quotation lines set rest paper indenting spaces left margins
paragraph clear reader combine methods organization develop paragraph presenting analogy items arrange similarities order importance similarly develop paragraph effect present effects chronological order writer paragraph contrasts types spaceships points contrast arranged chronological order compare lightsail ordinary rocket ton rocket push cargo pod weighing ton kilometer minutes ton sail mile wide reach speed cargo rocket coast drained fuel sail add kilometer speed accelerating thousandth fast falling brick pass twenty times speed sound air week rockets beat sails giving swift kicks haul run gas coast writer model paragraph presents point rocket space contrasting point lightsail space writer presents point rocket days space contrasting point lightsail days space paragraph ends concluding sentence summarizes difference types spaceships
purpose writing explain describe narrate want explain land surveyed services public libraries provide hand wish describe sounds appearance manual typewriter stillness fresh smells garden rainstorm wish tell story home robert peary journey north pole begin write sure sentence helps accomplish purpose combine modes writing narrative include descriptions major characters setting important objects story expository composition clearer interesting short narrative introduce explanation direct writing interested topic write general audience explain details explain familiar topic writing directed specialized audience include emphasize details interest audience writing description scene members camera club include details lighting shadows important photographer purpose expository paragraph explain traveling train mexico enjoyable train buff simply prefer countryside traveling center line highway mexico place
descriptive writing purpose communicate reader impression person place object combine careful observation descriptive techniques help choose effective words create vivid impression reader sensory details characteristics perceive senses sight hearing touch taste smell create sharp impression person place object description includes details details perceive senses describe room cold morning include details white lacy patterns formed frost window include details harsh scraping snowplows hear street window shocking chill floorboards feel feet fresh smell cold air stings inside nose begin making list sensory details subject continue plan description select important details include writing choose details show subject unique help create sharp unified impression subject writer description presents details kitchen unusual details senses smell sight show comfortable lived kitchen
write try action verbs linking verbs action verbs vivid write paragraph describing scenes suggested writing paragraph action verbs linking verbs create scene reader easily visualize adjective word modifies noun pronoun word modify means change adjective modifies noun pronoun describing making specific nouns pronouns adjectives sentences cases consider adjectives nouns pronouns adjective answers questions kind look flowers flowers flowers yellow flowers kind flowers yellow flowers twelve flowers flowers twelve adjective modify noun pronoun green trucks trucks trucks trucks trucks kind trucks green trucks common adjectives articles indefinite articles person thing definite article points item minute minute hours adjectives directly nouns pronouns modify farmer looked cloudy sky adjectives location adjective linking verb modify noun pronoun preceding verb
sentence group words expresses complete thought purpose sentence describe action condition person place thing idea sentence group words complete sense group words sentence express complete thought cat garden belongs classify sentences categories declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory declarative sentence statement sentence ends period raisins grapes nick read newspaper left hockey game interrogative sentence ask question sentence ends question mark agnes want eggs cereal breakfast imperative sentence give order request command request mild sentence ends period command request strong sentence ends exclamation point sarah empty trash look exclamatory sentence show strong feeling sentence ends exclamation point wow niagara falls won prize tournament sentence subject predicate simple subject noun pronoun states sentence simple subject include modifiers noun pronoun
find subjects predicates arranged variety ways sentences placement subject predicate depends purpose sentence declarative sentence subject precedes predicate examples line complete subject lines complete predicate cow grazed field subject precedes predicate declarative sentences predicate precedes subject sentences inverted word order trees flew helicopter cardinal declarative sentences subject appears parts complete predicate loudly enthusiastically audience applauded actors adverbs loudly enthusiastically part complete predicate modify simple predicate applauded interrogative sentence subject appears parts predicate president company find subject predicate question turn question statement actors agreed exchange costumes actors agreed exchange costumes imperative sentence subject understood stated entire sentence complete predicate move think move exclamatory sentence subject precedes predicate won prize subject appears parts complete predicate show singer gave complement word group words completes meaning predicate
verb forms show tense voice reflect number person subject need learn verb forms verbs correctly sentences verb basic forms called principal parts infinitive present participle past past participle principal parts form tenses verb verbs follow rules infinitive present participle infinitive verb basic form form dictionary sentences word precedes infinitive understood present participle consists infinitive ing takes form verb auxiliary verb alice loved laugh clowns clowns alice laugh alice happily laughing clowns verb regular verb irregular verb depending past past participle formed verbs form past past participle according standard rules regular verbs past regular verb consists infinitive ed past participle regular verb consists infinitive ed takes form verb auxiliary verb alice laughed clowns alice laughed clowns list shows principal parts regular verbs
forms word interrogative pronouns relative pronouns pronouns choice case depends pronoun sentence nominative case whomever objective case possessive case usage rarely problem need possessive form clear meaning sentence choosing requires special attention introduce question interrogative pronoun determine nominative form objective form mentally rearrange question statement interrogative pronoun serves subject predicate nominative serves object washed dishes buy lovely strawberries party think direct object book belong think book belong object preposition interrupting phrase think say suppose follows interrogative pronoun decide case interrogative pronoun say sentence phrase rearrange inverted word order tell nominative objective form sentence
avoid misplaced modifiers place modifying phrases clauses close words modify sentence absurd unclear bird landed roof house red wings red wings house roof bird bird red wings landed roof house red wings clearly modifies bird revise sentence misplaced modifier identify word modified place modifying phrase clause close word modifies changing meaning lying sidewalk marcia found wallet lying sidewalk marcia wallet marcia found wallet lying sidewalk wallet marcia sidewalk misplaced adverb clause makes meaning sentence unclear notice revisions meanings al asked soon home call ted happened al asked call ted soon home meaning call soon home soon home al asked call ted meaning al asked soon home avoid dangling modifiers dangling modifier modifying word phrase clearly sensibly modify word sentence correct problem provide word word phrase modify
prewriting techniques unit develop volume material writing task prewriting notes specific writing assignments determine topic identify purpose audience topic subject developed yield writing topics topic specific aspect subject paragraph essay report notes train trip canada suggest topics modern railroads meeting contrasts canada united states purpose writing intend hope accomplish writing purpose paragraph explain riders mount broncos entertain telling attempt ride horse list presents common purposes writing topic purpose audience reader group readers writing intended decide writing directed write kites audience readers flown kites readers build kites hobby case consider interest audience subject explain kite flies flown kite want learn
composed topic sentence supporting sentences want concluding sentence summarizes thoughts brings paragraph close need concluding sentence paragraph stands forming part longer piece writing concluding sentence restate topic sentence offer final comment topic restating topic sentence remind reader main point restatement course worded differently topic sentence concluding sentence say thing fresh paragraph concluding sentence restates topic sentence strengthens reader understanding paragraph thought weeds help meeting petroleum needs according dr russell buchanan united states department agriculture ragweed sow thistle common weeds mainstay chemical industry high hydrocarbons oils rubber buchanan points weeds easy grow despite insects poor weather undernourished soil weeds alternative crude oil source petroleum restating topic sentence offer final comment topic concluding sentence final comment forms logical conclusion give personal impression feeling pose question recommend course action final comment meet important requirement based paragraph
organize paragraph comparison contrast combination simple comparison shows items alike paragraph development comparison greatest athletes united states produced jim thorpe mildred babe didrikson zaharias giants sports alike ways achieved american status amateurs thorpe football exploits didrikson performance basketball olympic champion olympic games thorpe athlete win pentathlon decathlon didrikson took home gold medals olympics narrowly missed outstanding similarity jim thorpe babe didrikson proficiency sports thorpe remembered achievements track field football baseball didrikson superiority golf basketball track field sport excel press named jim thorpe babe didrikson outstanding male female athletes half twentieth century comparisons help readers understand unfamiliar paragraph writer explained science archaeology comparing familiar subject crime detection read paragraph note words phrases refer detective
defining health easy tried able develop definition pleases safe say health involves physical mental social aspects think physical health terms fitness fit fitness means energy daily leisure activities physical health sick hand fit occasionally cold influenza flu illness person disease diabetes disability deafness physically healthy ways mental health involves intellectual emotional aspects feel involves knowing want able live comfortably mental health means capable dealing problems face physical health mental health absence disorder neurosis psychosis person mentally healthy general occasionally unhappy unable deal problems qualities mental health large part social health involves roles plays number roles roles change
alive interact stress need stress order survive stress strong lasts harm body lead exhaustion death live healthier understand stress learn control cope scientists tell stress general physical produced stimulus stimulus pleasant unpleasant means stress produced hug stress produced kick event occur hormone adrenaline secreted adrenal glands heart rate increases pupils eyes enlarge body temperature rises blood pressure rises liver releases stored sugar blood breathing rate increases blood supplies brain heart large muscles increase muscular strength increases known stress response stimulus results called stressor stressor physical injury infection test football game demands friend matter stressor body responds word stress referring feelings physical special expressions describe fear anger emotions stress expressions jittery uptight butterflies stomach bent shape blew top upset tense
likely parent teacher friend meant information change specific straighten posture replace blank expression smile change dirty jeans cleaner clothes scientists discovered similar information body function able change control body function information body functions heart rate blood flow temperature muscle tension stomach contractions brain waves conscious control internal body functions thought impossible recent experiments show learn control body functions learning depends biofeedback feeding biological information biological information body functions provided special monitoring devices experiment involved woman severe headaches times week unable relief medicines doctors felt headaches result tense head muscles caused uneven flow blood brain biofeedback training suggested attempt help woman monitoring device fingers muscles head temperature fingers monitoring device gave signal give sound give blinking light
eat eat family customs type food family serves influenced grandparents grandparents customs influenced geographic location social activities religious beliefs ethnic background economic situation tastes foods learned home eat foods familiar eat partly determined afford base meals meat base meals eggs cheese dried beans peas foods cheaper meat nutritious fresh fruits vegetables grown area shipped distances areas costly quantities fresh fruits vegetables low prices high purchase foods canned frozen dried prefer grow fruits vegetables climate helps determine foods grown area feel eating live climate hot tend eat spicy foods partly spices grow warm climates times past spices preserve meats warm climates choose eat foods seasons hot choose salads cold soups cold meats cold choose hot cereals hot soups stews cost supply problem choose foods expensive
seen charts list calories foods charts want lose weight calorie charts help determine foods give energy body requires calories need daily minimum amount energy required exist basal metabolism amount energy need maintain muscle tone body functions heartbeat breathing temperature regulation body rest functions awake asleep basal metabolism varies individuals period slight rise basal metabolism expected periods rapid growth need calories meet body energy demands point involved activities ability opportunities sports activities independence demands activities growth pattern hungry eating food satisfy need energy need choosing foods choose foods especially snacks try select foods provide nutrients calories snacks potato chips candy bars doughnuts high carbohydrates fats calories provide protein important nutrients
heard spend sleeping tried avoid sleep days easy sleep essential body food water topic sleep puzzled plato philosopher ancient greece thought soul left body slept wandered thought sleep caused lack blood brain recently scientists examined possibility sleep caused chemicals brain sleep researchers answered questions sleep discovered place body sleep body temperature drops blood pressure lowered heart rate breathing slower senses dulled sleep sense pain occasional short movements voluntary muscles rest sleep chance recover muscle fatigue present sleep body energy body processes slow body chance rest ready sleep researchers recorded brain waves eye movements sleep recordings experience kinds sleep kind characterized rapid eye movements dreaming occurs kind sleep kind sleep consists stages characteristics stage occurs fall asleep
hello jean paul history class hi paul starting assignment looks finished pretty interesting called show friday eat want sounds pretty couple movies wanting talk tomorrow class decide jean paul date modern american society dating accepted young members opposite sex dating fun involves sharing times movie party picnic restaurant dating formal informal date special dance arranged advance involve preparation date minute casual thing getting study watch tv listen records ride bikes date pairs groups spend concert play instance football game beach group dating enjoyable feels awkward person feel nervous date meeting date family makes mistakes kinds situations
mean grow say crystals grow icicles grow trees children grow increase size meaning growth crystal icicle grows materials added top hand living thing grows living thing takes food digests products digestion body building materials living thing bigger grows growth living thing means changing shape proportion addition growth means forming body structures able perform specialized functions growth lead development person case human means person body functions able respond surroundings person develop emotionally socially intellectually physically growth development complete answer humans grow develop live look part body microscope bit skin drop blood cells human begins single cell called zygote inside zygote blueprints human grow develop adult approximately sixty trillion cells zygote divides times produce cells similar shape function
asks doubt answer terms number born kind age chronological age exact indication growth developmental age case rate growth measured wide differences chronological age developmental age true adolescence true middle later person child physically mature friends fourteen boy physically child short rounded face child boy age feet tall mustache normal limits growth development age growth actually ends goes phases rapid change rapid change adolescent growth spurt experiencing exact age begins varies widely individuals assuming nutrition healthful environment physical age age spurt occurs falls normal limits girls growth spurt occurs ages ten sixteen boys occurs ages eleven seventeen growth spurt lasts average
japan country eastern asia united states europe call lands eastern asia east asia largest continents large bodies land covers land surfaces earth thirds countries asia shown map page countries reach equator arctic ocean halfway japan country islands water land areas place islands seventy miles ocean sea islands japan north tropic cancer south arctic circle japan neighbors share borders united states shares borders mexico canada neighbors closest neighbor south korea hundred miles west west lies coldest part union soviet socialist republics siberia southwest china largest japan asian neighbors sakhalin large northern island neighbor sakhalin belonged japan part japan surrounded water largest body water touching japanese shores pacific ocean warm japan current japanese call black current sweeps entire coast japan
known early japan stories tell sun goddess brought kyushu largest island japan jimmu grandson born imperial emperor february celebrated foundation remember founding japan jimmu japanese emperors empresses descendants family mainland asia trickled small groups japan farmers basic crop swamp rice present rice newcomers found ainu short light skin bushy beards hairy bodies gradually ainu forced southern islands japan retreated northward eventually arriving hokkaido today ainu left live small villages display native crafts entertain native dances villages totems statues bear god past difficulty getting japan inside stayed japan centuries develop family look alike appearance japan short compact bodies girls children slim delicate black dark brown hair japanese wear hair short beards faces flat broad small nose
school children wear special school uniforms children kindergarten grade wear brighter colors students later grades girls wear bright jumpers white blouses boys wear shorts short pants white shirt duck billed cap baseball caps favorites later grades warm weather outfits girls dark skirts white blouses white socks boys wear dark trousers white shirts ties winter uniforms heavier warmer girls wear slacks jumpers skirts boys girls wear warm dark jackets kindergarten classes public schools private kindergartens families afford young children private kindergartens kindergarten learn draw sing children learn paper scissors glue craft classes things papier mach animals starch glue strips paper teachers teach speak japanese language correctly nature classes children learn plants water sun moon learn importance clean keeping healthy grade children begin attend public schools schools run round terms week april middle july week september december week january middle march
midway tokyo southern tip honshu nagoya largest industrial area japan fourth city flattened firebombs earthquake stronger earlier nagoya rebuilt orderly wider straighter streets industrial areas moved center city nagoya japan fourth largest city million population thirty small industrial cities nagoya added nagoya million japan sacred shrines nagoya holds sword emperor symbols power nearby ise symbol mirror symbol jewels imperial palace tokyo osaka largest city japan population kobe sixth form important industrial area tokyo osaka japan largest industrial city produces half japan exports shipping outlet deep water seaport kobe osaka city canals bridges island middle river government public buildings banks hotels island reached bridges yodo river seaport kobe japan busiest port handles japan foreign trade rocks moved mountains fill part port order increase flat lands
tokyo southward nagoya osaka fast expressway connects smaller cities towns larger cities beads necklace kobe osaka freeways skirt main parts cities number cars expressways freeways traffic jams morning evening rush hours larger cities built handle amount traffic streets boulevards streets barely wide lanes cars tokyo narrow alleys lanes streets crowded pedestrians food stalls shops sidewalks found major boulevards automobile manufacturers created eager market cars home parts million automobiles belong tokyo hundreds cabs rush streets surprising killed city streets effort cut traffic accidents japan stiff driving school requirement driver license driver show driver education driver training driving schools private expensive hours student listens talks safety traffic law students learn cars films careful driving education courses passed drivers hours training devoted wheel instruction private practice course
practice early japanese move capital emperor empress died order cleanse evil spirits capital fairly permanent nara city southern honshu capital called nara period buddhist temples built capital moved heia means peace tranquility later changed kyoto meaning capital city heian period kyoto center painting drama weaving lacquerware making metal bowls plates period seeking beauty grace centered courts lords ladies taught correct serve tea arrange flowers women wrote poetry stories early days chiefs charge villages twelfth century chiefs lords territories led armies warriors kingdoms war lords fujiwara family gained power emperor marrying daughter emperor member minamoto clan strong military dictator country took title shogun shogun actual head government shogun managed affairs emperor busied ceremonial duties minamoto moved capital kamakura present tokyo
single important crop japan rice half land wet field rice growing season japan days days hokkaido growing season shorter colder climate rice requires days grow farmers land double cropping summer rice crop winter grains vegetables grown land crop planting season rice begins seeds planted nursery plots weeks inches cm high ready transplanted meantime farmer floods rice paddy inches cm water paddy field surrounded mud dikes hold water water soaks ground farmer prepares land small power tools system pipes fill paddies water seedlings ready fields drained inch cm water plants set hand rows inches cm setting plants later thinning hard job requires bending stooping families help rice grows farmer tills ground sprays chemical fertilizer baby plants kill insects plants tall farmer waist pieces cloth tied string
japan nation country known recent history japan surprised ability recover losses important japan place today countries members family needing food clothing homes country produce food materials help trading products country sold needed materials country help say interdependent travel read customs ways living longer strange communities adopted customs foods styles clothing learning accept differences likenesses important understand countries understanding friends build future japan facing major problems coming end pacific war japanese leaders business industry main goal united states loans helped japan build industries warehouses office buildings wanted television sets radios products japan cities manufacturing plants customers crowded offices major cities
part agreement end pacific war japan agreed military forces wage war return united states agreed protect japan enemies japan put cent budget defense equipment defense forces bare minimum ships aircraft tanks vehicles ready action case attack remember war feel war answer problems members diet concerned japan defenses small threat japan feel united states able act quickly protect japan distance united states forces united states urged japan place money budget increase defenses speed growth japan industry prevented orderly growth social needs days war japan trying housing needs workers building housing office factory workers tall apartment buildings concrete reinforced steel grew edges cities government building apartments rate million buildings offer shopping centers playgrounds transportation japan highest literacy rate means greater number japan read write country
investigates investigating look word dictionary look number telephone directory ask question investigations physical science simple difficult need special laboratory equipment require equipment investigation starts question problem scientific investigations simple carry easily obtainable hands investigation hands investigations margins textbook hands investigation opportunity scientific methods investigations ask collect data propose methods solve problem understand concept questions included help guide investigation started try hands investigation page investigations laboratory answers questions known information recorded find information library physical scientists spend library read books magazines written especially scientists recent findings subject scientist investigating look specialized photographs microfilm order research specific topics library investigate tips acquainted library offer
juan de born slavery early seventeenth century mother called zulema beautiful black woman told father suspect keeper master warehouses white spaniard afford buy give golden bracelet gold hoops ears died told flown heaven wondered happened survived likely died fever illness seville lived seldom fear plague ships foreign ports sailed guadalquivir tie docks died mysterious malady hastily buried fear trembling hope brought pest missed mother terribly rocked sleep arms large child sang softly deep rich contralto close eyes hear voice humming songs loved feel arms warm save pressure golden bracelet enjoy fleeting moment sense safety love surrounded
brother isidro house magistrate tall severe middle aged gentleman dressed black velvet wore heavy gold chain neck hung imposing medal slave boy age carried inkpot quill rolled eyes fearfully step terrified stumbling spilling precious black india ink spindle clerk struggled weight leather bound book magistrate presently began write lists tested chairs choosing sit small table brought book laid bobo put inkpot tell dip quill ink haven arranged thoughts decided procedure brother isidro bowing humbly worship note boy juanico let convent strengthen journey magistrate looked brother isidro sternly ready note description slave announced let bringing books library checked list late don basilio rodriguez rest peace
dawn awakened cup cold water flung face grinning saw faintly light fading stars dark scarred face thirty broad shouldered handsome savage fine teeth large flashing dark eyes soon clothes orders shouting muleteer lead madrid hurry offered romany lithe graceful strong panther quick movements carried water fodder helped load mules respectful touchy animals especially tried bite danced position kick learned mules don basilio sold goods warehouses merchants took purchases muleback able protect gypsy saw trouble walked calmly struck mule heavy blow nose glad safe flying hooves sharp teeth pitied poor beast blood gushed nostrils hung head stunned blackamoor trouble gypsy brilliant smile
months thought miri traitor teaches accept loss young young hearts sad apartment palace studio master rest mistress sit sewing girls play roll ball floor daughters master growing lively amusing hard task studio loved follow father pattering small feet warm months master close studio door taking warm hands lead mother felt ill listless run king frequently studio sitting portrait times painted favorite hound feet hounds grew fond sittings idea getting pet animal master girls play big dog maybe kitten asked permission devotions church palace mistress gave errands button merchant market puerta del sol choose blue buttons frock sewing children find herbalist buy small measure dried leaves pink rose castile
master painted portraits court king family king minister powerful duke olivares disliked heavy hearty appearing loud voice frequent vulgarity fact devoted master lost opportunity banquets praise art reflected position servant master title nobility gentleman wheezing heavy drinking duke despite formidable list titles honors master courteous noble perfect knight noted growing master king real affection sure master feelings formidable duke caution reserve king quiet speak overmuch partly doubt speech defect inherited heavy balance jaw hapsburg line round high forehead golden hair blue eyes due configuration jaw king teeth meet squarely spoke curious sibilance lisping words believe shy learned court fatal trust heart
paquita wedding accompanied master trip north spain royal family learned journey distraught hide paintings drawings making secret want destroy trust care unlawful produce ready warm clothes painting materials master luggage silent worried spoke happy temperament hummed sang duties young bass voice deep strong master liked hear singing asked glum decided tell part truth special treasures leave told put safe order box lock put things leave studio guarded told true word carpenter frames boxes knocked strong coffer set iron tongue hoop pass lock close key
master called throne room formal report journey display art treasures collected afterward banquet welcome homecoming happy deeply disturbing mistress acquired slave italy female lolis charge kitchen buying stores looking mistress troubled cough night fevers weakness attend household lolis quiet woman race softly duties began conversations ate kitchen began ask questions learn voice answered enchanted low throaty softness velvet carried amazingly beautiful miri delicate elongated slender lolis full strong boned carried grace power give miri impression gentle weak lolis quiet silent strong proud hot tempered learned control temper saw explode fury inanimate object dark eyes sparkled amber lights dusky skin paled
lolis married church house murillo encouraged confessed received communion regularly paquita expecting child husband stood dear master side mistress bad days weak gave blessing church heart swollen happiness clasped hand dear lolis heard words wife forward forever soon thank god fervently tender companion sorrow think stood terrible mistress lolis length blue silk wedding gown master gave chairs rugs rooms house apartments king gift velvet bag thirty ducats heaven showered hard trials paquita survive birth child despite dr mendez skill infant stillborn buried innocent merry affectionate paquita dare tell mistress misgivings based truth final decline
seville welcoming golden giralda soared clear blue sky narrow streets full shouting softly slurred spanish arabic sounded squares guadalquivir ran swiftly banks reflecting orange olive trees white homes seville dark proud spare graceful figures southern cathedral dear saints loved youth looked tenderness knelt prayed breathed incense childhood lolis inn waterfront known days don basilio worked warehouses run errands dona emilia walked grieving rejoicing find full circle end turn beginnings money skills knew earn decent living free turned task looking permanent home call bartolome esteban murillo opened door knocked rotund dark smiling full humor kindness juan friend embraced pulled inside full noise child crying shouting play dog barked happily fun upstairs woman singing
albert einstein clerk swiss patent office published theory equivalence mass energy concepts space gave dimensions study universe einstein awarded nobel prize physics modern civilization impossible large quantities energy forty energy usage united states increased accompanying population increase capita energy united states increased fast rate recently energy demands met entirely fossil fuels wood coal petroleum natural gas limited quantity sources found nuclear solar energy alternate sources limited calculated instance energy demands met utilizing solar energy falling mile square plot ground equator present nuclear solar energy small fraction total energy graph energy usage shown figure knowledge means converting ample energy supplies usable forms increase able pace rising energy needs efforts science solve energy problem
physical quantities length area volume mass density expressed terms magnitude single numbers suitable units instance length table completely mass steel block completely kg quantities expressed completely single numbers units called scalar quantities simply scalars scalar derived latin word scala means ladder steps implies magnitude additional examples scalars physics energy temperature physical quantities force velocity acceleration electric field strength magnetic induction completely terms magnitude addition magnitude quantities specific direction quantities require magnitude direction complete description behavior mathematical rules called vector quantities represented vectors vector derived latin word meaning carrier implies displacement ability vectors important mathematical skill solving problems deal vector quantities vector shown arrow length arrow represents magnitude vector orientation arrow shows direction north top page east south bottom west left vectors act point find single vector produces effect combination separate vectors
newton law motion stated follows body exerts force body exerts force equal magnitude opposite direction illustrate law consider forces exerted book resting top level table book exerts downward force table table top exerts upward force book forces equal magnitude opposite direction walk forward level floor feet exert horizontal force floor floor pushes feet force equal magnitude opposite direction situations objects instance objects book table instance foot floor forces involved situation force book table force table book force foot floor force floor foot cases force called action force called reaction unaccompanied forces exist nature law reaction holds true objects times stationary moving force resisted equal opposite force independent motion objects involved
forces required pull solid generally greater forces required separate similar amount liquid liquids separate drops forces attraction molecules liquids attractive forces solids liquids occupy larger volume mass solid size molecule substance phase differ appreciably size phase molecules liquids farther molecules solids gas molecules separate spontaneously accounts fact gas occupies volume times equal mass liquid spontaneous separation gas molecules kinetic energy molecules separated conclude forces molecules decrease distance increases solids liquids easily compressed apparently molecules solids liquids pushed closer normal spacing repel molecules pushed closer repulsive forces greater intermolecular forces mainly electric times strong gravitational forces molecules typical distances found solids liquids gravitational forces molecules negligible comparison intermolecular forces intermolecular forces small compared weight objects handle masses intermolecular forces act masses molecules small
anders celsius developed decimal scale temperature scale based freezing boiling points water left stamp drawing celsius describing instrument swedish academy sciences suppose fill large beaker small beaker boiling water shown figure water beakers temperature water large beaker give heat melt ice water small beaker body high temperature give heat high temperature give large quantity heat low temperature give heat low temperature give large quantity heat material hot thermal energy cold thermal energy total potential kinetic energy random motion arrangements particles material temperature hotness coldness material quantity thermal energy body affects temperature quantity thermal energy present bodies give temperature ratio temperature thermal energy materials saw chapter temperature substance rise average kinetic energy particles increased
heat absorbed vaporization increase thermal energy molecules liquid enables break liquid molecules vapor vapor condenses liquid thermal energy evolved heat reversible energy change shown graphic form figure steam heating system heat vaporization water steam boiler steam passes radiators heat vaporization condenses liquid steam boiling water temperature steam produce severe burn reason steam acquired calories heat gram water steam condenses heat vaporization cools water formed amount heat water cooling figure line de represents heat required change liquid vapor steam producing change temperature note points figures represent values water converted steam addition heat energy temperature steam rise ef figures order pressure constant heat applied change ice steam volume container greatly increased
sir isaac newton believed light consists streams tiny particles called corpuscles emanating luminous source let examine arguments believed particle theory explained light phenomena known ball thrown space follows curved path influence gravity ball thrown greater greater speed path curves easily imagine minute particles traveling enormous speed paths essentially form straight lines newton experienced difficulty explaining rectilinear propagation light means particle model fact property light provided supporters corpuscular theory strongest arguments wave theory asked waves travel straight lines sound easily heard corner obstruction light certainly seen obstruction unquestionably wave phenomenon simple direct explanation rectilinear propagation provided particle model light prestige sir isaac newton largely responsible preference shown corpuscular theory seventeenth eighteenth centuries light incident smooth surface mirror regularly reflected particles behave similar circumstances steel ball bearings thrown smooth steel plate rebound light reflected
nearly natural light receive comes sun distant stars account extremely small amount natural light course moonlight sunlight reflected surface moon produce light artificial sources ways materials heated glow incandescent electric lamp molecules gas reduced pressure bombarded electrons produce light neon tube visible light fluorescent tubes results action ultraviolet radiations phosphors coat inside surface glass tubes firefly produces light means complex chemical reactions artificial sources light hot bodies radiate energy infrared region spectrum visible light energy thermal radiation emitted hot bodies depends temperature body nature surface temperature intense radiation emitted hot body wavelength cm infrared region electromagnetic spectrum temperature raised radiation emitted visible region body red hot bulk energy radiated infrared region temperature body raised intense emission remains infrared region blue visible radiation body white hot
lens transparent object nonparallel curved surfaces plane surface curved surface curved surfaces spherical parabolic cylindrical lenses glass transparent materials general classes lenses based effects incident light cross sections converging lenses shown figure thicker middle edge convex lens known meniscus lens recall light travels slowly glass lens materials air light passing thick middle region converging lens retarded light passing thin edge region wave front light transmitted converging lens bent shown figure plane wave diagram incident surface converging lens parallel lens plane wave refracted converges point lens lenses thicker edges middle diverging lenses cross sections shown figure concave lens meniscus lens light passing thin middle region diverging lens retarded light passing thick edge region wave front light transmitted diverging lens bent shown figure observe plane wave diagram incident surface lens parallel lens plane
magicians masters art illusion things actually happen skillful performers mirrors trick boxes hidden compartments fast hands extra pockets lot smooth talk eyes audience help create illusions eyes constantly give information eyes telling page accept eyes question learned believe case prove stare white spot middle colored pattern half minute try let gaze wander white spot quickly move gaze opposite page stare black spot look minutes black spot black spot printed white space eyes told saw pattern color blank white paper think saw wasn trust goes scientists spend lot learning look training helps ask questions find answers chapter learn look carefully answers questions
characteristics living things movement imagine rock rolling hill moves place rock alive wind picks clouds dust dirt moves wind alive dust clouds swirls characteristic growth snowball larger rolls hill icicles larger dripping water freezes snowballs icicles alive say living things energy living things react things car energy move jack box reacts popping open car jack box alive examples moves grows energy reacts organisms living things move grow energy react say rocks wind dust snowballs icicles cars toys alive activities characteristic organisms activities movement growth food reaction reproduction identify figure organisms activities living things nonliving things living things move movement animals walk run crawl swim fly power materials food water move animals plants
describe large city list buildings city tell location city describe businesses lot consider easier look parts city city members small groups called families families live block blocks area neighborhood neighborhoods city looking city takes account organized levels higher larger level parts smaller level studying living organisms lot look examine organisms levels organization city looking levels organization helps understand organism works cell level organization organisms level organization city seen kinds cells specialized cell function organism groups specialized cells celled organisms group specialized cells structure called tissue tissue group cells alike appearance function level organization cell tissue function body
seen examples small soft organisms hard supporting frameworks water land animals skeletons skeleton stiff framework parts moved muscles skeleton supports protects internal parts animal animal shape compare skeleton supporting framework building functions building framework shown figure parts skeleton skeletal system skeletal system places muscle attachment parts skeleton moved muscles water land animal skeleton capable faster movement greater strength soft organisms skeletal system additional function land animals water animals weightless water supports bodies land large animals hold bodies force gravity soft internal organs attached skeletal system gravity pull animal body spread ground shape animal perform fast movement land animals skeletons earthworm small slow movement arthropods hard outer covering surrounds bodies strong covering shells molluscs fingernails arthropod covering kind skeletal system called exoskeleton skeleton
plants food making organisms structures allow materials light photosynthesis structures supporting structures found animals kinds algae common food making organisms live water algae sunlight survive water blocks light photosynthesis water organisms takes place top water celled algae flagella stay surface swimming blue green algae small gas bubbles cells float large celled algae grow shallow water ocean shore ponds lakes streams kelp kind seaweed large brown alga attaches bottom structure called holdfast holdfast keeps alga pulled deep water seaweeds air bags plants floating surface tide high figure shows celled algae holdfasts air bags water lilies shown figure grow ponds plant large leaf lily pad floats surface stem air spaces pulling lily pad water lily pad floats surface water plenty light recall chapter difference plants animals plant cells cell walls cellulose
according read able live diet servings ice cream calorie chart tell dozen fried eggs supply calories need live diet boring unhealthy supply nutrients materials need child figure getting calories stay alive calories foods high carbohydrates low proteins protein important building materials cells protein cells grow reproduce properly lack protein fluids build child body makes stomach look swollen visible worse effect boy diet brain develop differently diet contained protein child begins healthy diet intelligent protein diet start protein diet common countries afford protein rich foods nutrients food eat body needs energy building material vitamins minerals fall category molecules small cells digested
lost blood accidents surgery saving transfusions united states canada red cross collects million units half liters blood yearly blood separated red blood cells plasma collecting blood large scale called blood banking war ii organized collection blood hospitals saving fluid patients needed died young named charles drew helped change writing laid foundation modern red cross blood banking united states drew outstanding athlete college successful coach teacher wanted doctor medical school montreal canada graduating drew surgeon working york city hospital wrote paper put knowledge blood collection europe middle war ii drew headed program collect plasma united states send war torn england blood collected spoiled drew learned cream separator dairy farms separate large amounts plasma red blood cells quickly separators england built united states soon drew program york sending large amounts fresh plasma overseas
bird figure captured insect flight think happened picture bird saw flying insect turned fly insect saw bird turned fly late move avoid bird afternoon snack flying insect stimulus bird stimulus inside organism reaction organism organism reaction called response bird response stimulus insect animal detect stimuli plural stimulus chapter read senses senses aware stimuli body environment bird sense sight eyes detected stimulus insect signals bird eyes flight muscles producing bird response watched insects fly bird react quickly catch insects animals passing signals rapidly part body job nerve cells neurons figure shows neurons figure shows parts neuron neuron common features neurons cell body nucleus cytoplasm kinds cells
unlike reflex behavior behaviors involve response animals behave instinct instinct ability perform combinations responses learn animal born abilities bird migration instinct migration moving location later migration occurs seasons migrating bird hatches raised humans sees bird migrate places times learning animals cerebrums carry nerve impulses produce kinds activity learning development behavior based past experience learn animal memory memory ability remember things happened past chapter learned memory affect sense learn environment animals memories human beings able learn easily remember information animal place animal shown figure food pretty obvious seen situation walk food stake walk food chimpanzee act similar ability solve problem seen called reasoning
mayo cornelius higgins raised arms high sky spread wide glanced furtively greeting coming sunrise motion arms caused flutter lettuce leaves bound wrists rubber bands bracelets green feathers leaves commenced wave called felt warm moist air surround humidity trapped hills clung mountainside night passed seconds skin grew clammy paid attention oppressive heat odors summer growth decay staring grand sweep hills rolling outlines grew clearer minute stood gallery home outcropping lived mountainside fade standing midair thought saw dim light touch clouds clustered eastern hills bounce sun want family asleep house perfect quiet reason wake early half hour believe chosen remain forever suspended facing hills pretend terrible head arms outstretched picture framed pine uprights supporting gallery roof higgins higher smiled
unspoken agreement ben touch hands risk losing friend problem couldn walk patch fear father walk paths ben stalk hidden trees trouble suddenly shoved branch swinging ravine carried sweep ground fog instant appeared shadowy ghost riding lazily thin air vines fine thought lightly felt coolness mist bare arms ride reached side ben swung branch rode low fog stream passed ticket ride sang softly passed ben grinned pleasure landed branch pushed ben reached stream opposite directions hi bro whispered hi ben whispered holding tight vine slow ponderous sweeps rode vines creaked strain boys swung slowly finally slowed completely caught vine feet reach hand twisted legs wrapped waist
pole reached outer limit arc swung blue sky rolled vision pulled bright window blind pole swept head felt light floating ball sensation pleasant began feel sick going lose balance stopped pedaling wheels stopped spinning held utterly pole shuddered move forty feet truly higher outcropping higher house higher trees straight sarah mountain spectacular view occasionally saw clearly walking hill paths miles thinking absolutely inkling eyes thought house shut tight morning sun place appeared abandoned fleeting moment pretended mama daddy ground told dead bad lived hundred kids grown died lived longer leave mountain buried ghosts grandmother sarah pass ago shuddered thought dead mountain junk pole
prepared slide pole stood feet balanced pedals squatted firm hold pole wheels pushed feet pedals gingerly hung pole full strength hands arms muscles tightened point pain wrapped legs pole slid slowly easily quickly grape arbor built side house leaves concealed water spigot connected house arbor green skimpy grapes grew small sweet taste mama quarts jelly yield thought reluctantly thought mining cut top sarah harsh acids washed rained poison grapes felt momentary dread calmed thinking dude connected hose water spigot opened cold hot water valves side mixing water spigot warm flow hot cold water source pump rear house longer need pump water spigot pressure force pump crawl space house
silent thinking seen mind cave abruptly dude stared harper james lewis looking mama stopped uncertain moment tell father leave mama won home darkness harper heard say asleep mention mother macie suddenly began cry tears fell cheeks silver beads jones patted minute home darkness stop blurted looking mama voice say coming tonight sure seen clothes boots muddy let listen tape recorder stared watching going mama records macie sucked breath eyes glistening tears lennie pool began bob says eagerly dude couldn wait hear going jones clearly impressed sure sure sure records records jones chicago waited afraid breathe chicago jones
finished jones turned lived children stay put forever want raise families responsible feel rope bound mountain pressure mind figure want leave someday jones asked thought going family knew leave mountain maybe someday managed say maybe tomorrow jones asked wait awhile figure re waiting jones glint play eyes maybe happen vaguely jones laughed maybe sighed try tell reading future sadly searched words happen feel thing mind say feel jones asked spoil heap going slide broken record jones asked spoil fell jones hit house slowly bit fallen admit
pretty face sure hair longer inch head brown red streaks sun liquid drugstore harenton hair fit stocking cap set straight line brows high hard cheekbones shoot banina dude smiling slight curl upper lip mouth full soft macie pearl quicker laugh mouth laughed banina knew laugh mouth full sweet sound eyes held warmth wanted tired told dude don stand gave seat gold couch single large piece furniture room radio end table floating sea red plush carpet sun drenched island rest cushions filled unheard softness listening radio lay carry dream banina cushions goose feathers didn believe hat hand dude sat couch
watched mother pull straight formal leave taking tried sitting hoping dude longer talk reason daddy felt dragged feet invisible bonds formality learned ago aware lewis pocketed tapes eased tape machine case slung shoulder thank banina truly performer tell appreciate pleasure smiling oddly detached took lewis sort recording machine course laughed nervously mizus higgins swept feet don offhand grinned sort need banina quietly dude nodded spun able meet jones cool eyes stiffly jones bowed dude extend hand lewis bowed return surely thank son worried expression face faded sadness wasn sharply dared dude father pulled longer knew true wasn
happened ridge matter minutes couldn top ridge lake lying thousands expected seeing lake dawning felt soul spread sparkles view miles nearly head spin mountains foothills ringing lake hall grey front view south young angled north sarah farther sun hall mountain lit sky piney woods gave lake black sheen white light felt warm sun banina spoke respect lake dawn sun moment things automatically peeled clothes swimming trunks carefully rolled sweater pants tennis shoes neat bundle took eyes lake running smooth slight sound lapping land bent silently lay roll bag mother clothes banina put hand shoulder slightly turning look shore saw told spoke softly voice wouldn carry water
earth begin inside earth questions captured interest imaginations hundreds purpose earth science find answers questions learn elusive final answers scientist space exploration program stated beginning discover logical find earth study scientists examined lava volcanoes measured special instruments drilled holes earth based information scientists agree soon formation earth large ball molten fluid rock material ball slowly cooled separating layers supporting idea research shows earth layers include crust mantle core crust consists thin layer lightweight rock approximately miles thick surface features found crust include mountains volcanoes plains plateaus river valleys deserts vast oceans outer surface crust consists mainly loose covering soil sand rock fragments covering lies solid rock layer called bedrock loose material bedrock varies thickness inch thousand feet actually bedrock found surface earth especially mountain regions
lithosphere called rock sphere thin outer crust solid earth variety rocks related derived granite basalt principal rocks crust rock mixture minerals mineral expressed chemical formula rock compound components fixed proportions rocks consist mainly type mineral sandstone limestone rocks color combination colors rocks formed cooling molten material form existing rocks undergo change according formed geologists separated classified rocks earth crust general types igneous rocks sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks igneous rocks formed cooling hardening magmas magmas hot molten plastic mixtures minerals found earth surface igneous means ignite burn rocks named magma solidifies importance grouping igneous rocks magma cools beneath earth surface type igneous rock called intrusive formed generally occurs magma intrudes forces cracks crust overlying layers rock solidifies intrusive magmas cool gradually slow cooling minerals magma separate mixture crystals mineral grains
term metamorphic means changed form metamorphic rocks igneous sedimentary rocks changed form action pressure temperature chemicals metamorphic rocks undergo caused action forces form difficult determine original form rock slight noticeable crustal movements occur mountain building exert pressure underlying rock strata alter crystals materials form texture newly formed rock coarser occur metamorphosis layer rock deeper layer rock strata lies earth crust affected temperature pressure metamorphosis common regions volcanic activity hot molten magma heat preexisting rock layers react chemically metamorphic rocks quartzite slate gneiss marble schist anthracite coal recrystallization sandstone results formation quartzite rock spaces grains original sandstone filled quartz crystals broken quartzite breaks sand grains quartzite hard tough durable rock color quartzite depends color sandstone metamorphosed gray brown red quartzites common slate forms result pressure exerted shale crustal movements
spaceship comes streaking voyage planet landing astronauts radio earth leader space recovery team pick space travelers mean anyway let find series imaginary lines drawn maps globes order places easily located imaginary lines run east west latitude north south longitude intersect angles latitude distance degrees surface earth north south equator earth sphere rotates axis fixed points reference points called north pole south pole located axis intersects surface earth draw circle earth halfway geographic poles perpendicular line joining established point reference reference line called equator east west line represents largest series circles called parallels parallels latitude distance parallels parallels latitude approach poles smaller smaller circles cover north south location point earth surface called latitude point latitude measured degrees earth sphere
map earth representation flat surface part curved surface earth earth sphere pulled flat impossible true representation sphere globe show features distortion larger surface area earth mapped greater distortion single map show true picture features earth techniques provide greatest accuracy representation distance direction maps top north bottom south east side maps west left true maps examine map north shown manner important note magnetic compass needle point true geographic north points north magnetic pole earth geographic rotational north pole angular difference magnetic north geographic north pole called declination places earth angles declination respect north south poles meridian map represents true north south direction direction agree compass direction correction obtain true north reading
hundreds wondered parts earth crust move movements related earthquakes volcanoes mountain building according plate tectonics crust earth sections plates plates move rub ride build mountains earthquakes volcanic eruptions word tectonics comes greek word means build crust earth thin brittle layer rigid rock ranges thickness miles miles directly crust earth layer called mantle miles thick hot liquid molten rock flows volcanoes thought mantle mantle material heavier crust crust float mantle ice float water pond boundary crust mantle known moho mohorovicic discontinuity named scientist found beneath mantle layered core core center earth thought molten solid core core hotter mantle parts remain solid pressure rock geologists think core earth alloy mixture iron nickel
studied chemical weathering learned carbon dioxide dissolved water forms weak acid called carbonic acid corrosive action carbonic acid found groundwater especially effective limestone regions large quantities limestone dissolved carried groundwater circulates cracks limestone beds continued groundwater activity forms tunnels passageways called caverns famous caverns united states carlsbad caverns mexico mammoth caves kentucky openings leading surface cavern form groundwater enters fissures rock part cavern roof caves openings known sinkholes sinks debris clogs base sinkhole fill water form sinkhole lake pond feature resulting destructive activity groundwater natural bridge stream disappear underground fissure surface opening flow underground short distance reappear surface flowing water widens space overlying rock roof left hanging channel created stream surface openings larger roof looks bridge famous natural bridge virginia kind groundwater activity groundwater evaporates loses carbon dioxide content subjected temperature pressure deposits minerals carrying solution minerals calcite silica salts deposited mineral springs
ago north america sheets ice snow covered land layers ice called glaciers moved north carving lakes smoothing mountains deposited ground soil rock millions square miles ancient ice sheets melted leaving marks glaciers form large collecting areas centers accumulation called snowfields form valleys tops high rugged mountains snow continues fall collecting areas snow ice accumulates melts pressure snow layers underneath snow crystals form small pellets ice granular ice called neve solid mass ice large amount ice formed glacier grows large slowly starts move glaciers form centers accumulation spread move continents sea called continental glaciers glaciers found antarctic greenland formed glacial period valley glaciers known alpine glaciers form valleys tops high rugged mountains glaciers move mountain passes river valleys widening deepening move downward glaciers found rocky mountains mer de glacier switzerland examples valley glaciers melting bottom layer glacier due pressure exerted overlying layers ice force gravity
surrounded oceans ocean water ocean air ocean air surrounds earth greater extent ocean water ocean air called earth atmosphere air mixture invisible gases surrounds moves earth invisible ocean delicately balanced supply oxygen present recently earth atmosphere thought extend miles surface earth studies space probes shown parts atmosphere extend miles space earth atmosphere extends thousands miles space quarters air miles surface earth dense lower blanket air organisms live scientists think atmosphere earth discover analyzed gases erupting volcanoes found contained substances found atmosphere scientists think gases contained water earth liquid material solidified earth crust formed reasoned gases sufficient quantities form atmosphere part atmosphere small amounts gases found outer space atmosphere composed main layers troposphere stratosphere mesosphere thermosphere exosphere
keith boy rumpled shorts shirt watched entered room mountain view inn mother father looked hot tired ohio days driven plains deserts mountains hotel california foothills twenty miles highway fourth person entering room known watched care matt sixty moment bellboy matt replaced worn light bulbs renewed washers leaky faucets carried trays telephoned room service order food rooms prevented children hitting croquet mallets lawn hotel matt shoulder sagged weight bags carrying gridley rooms setting smaller bags luggage rack foot double bed opened door room expect mrs gridley want room corner room twin beds private bath carried heavy bag room heard opening windows chipmunk chattered pine tree chickadee whistled fee bee bee boy mother looked critically room whispered think drive main highway
start motorcycle ralph start riding bedside table considered pushing motorcycle floor want risk damaging valuable machine ralph bounced seat couple times looked start motorcycle pulled lever happened terrible thought spoiled pleasure toy run ralph watched children room picked lot information toys seen boy cedar rapids throw model airplane floor plastic parts fit properly girl burst tears run sobbing mother doll arm socket nice boy potato chip nibbler stamped foot batteries falling car toy toys seen looked perfect wire spokes wheels pair shiny chromium exhaust pipes run fair motorcycle looked real run secret making run perfectly simple ralph show
ralph passed awakened lamp bedside table shining squeezed tiniest ball wrapped tail body tried thin apple core motorcycle shouted boy thing stole motorcycle thought ralph won stole motorcycle answered boy mother someplace mislaid find morning ready bed didn mislay insisted boy put table sports car find someplace mother interested boys losing things ralph cowered apple core keith opened drawer bedside table slammed shut jerked bedspread yanked pillows bed threw hands knees looked bed table ralph wrapped tail tightly body comes thought boy face appeared opening top wastebasket ralph heart raced motor ha boy wonder hand wastebasket seize motorcycle lift leaning wastebasket examined bent handlebar chipped paint funny remarked aloud
position bed ralph watched tank vacuum cleaner dragged hall listened clash clang attachments maid connected metal tube nozzle end hose fastened carpet cleaning part end tube heard humming plugged deadly machine began carpet nice happy thought ralph bitterly watched hungry machine devour dust lint lay path maid feet white sneakers moved room bothering bend cleaning shoved attachment bed slid closer closer ralph safe side pushed motorcycle farther reach machine dared eyes attachment instant shuddered watched gobble dust mouse shuddered fascinated power motor maid began sing give paper pins love begins attachment fell end tube maid thoughts notice ralph feel machine suck breath knew danger inhaled dust mice
thing ralph knew mother shaking shoulder wake ralph wake room service brought meal room service ralph rubbed eyes believing heard room service brought dinner yes real feast blueberry muffin chocolate chip cookie ralph mother family reunion ralph room service understanding mean boy keith room service ralph mother sounded happy carefree ralph sat aunts uncles squeaky cousins arriving secret paths space walls food family reunion rejoicing mouse nest ralph thinking motorcycle lost promise broken dull heavy feeling pit stomach feel celebrating ralph squeaked aunt sissy thought rest family lived bridal suite led relatives believe riches rice fell carpet bride took hat groom shook coat rest family knew aunt sissy grand pretended brides grooms hotel days
sad night ralph sad lonely night mousehole mother sure worry embarrassing questions motorcycle expect help clean family reunion took crash helmet squeeze door explore hall foot bear part helmet anyway desire travel foot ridden noise speed ralph scurried shadows floor curtain climbed windowsill sat huddled staring night listening kissing sounds bats jerked zigzagged eaves hotel pines window leaves virginia creeper vine shifted breeze lobby clock struck midnight owl slid silently night clearing parking lot pine ralph remember envied bats owls ability fly experienced speed power motorcycle early morning smell bacon drifting kitchen brought ralph dreams ground floor embarrassed discover keith awake lying quietly bed watching
owls thought ralph clung virginia creeper filled lungs cool night air relief stuffy drinking glass wanted climb vine explore ground floor reminded grimly ralph outdoors beneath moon stars felt small frightened slowly paw paw worked shoots tendrils owl uncomfortably close pine tree hooted ralph huddled shivering shadow leaf aware losing precious seconds night wind rattled windows owl glided parking lot ralph inched vine winding route full detours ground floor window ralph relief open reaching sill ralph leaped floor room young college age sleeping beds sleeping bag floor aspirin find aspirin thought ralph darting bed bumped dust mouse startled find aspirin hurry ran sleeping bag taking dresser gleaming shaft moonlight saw round white pill closer yes aspirin tablet
ralph hero mousehole night admiring relatives gathered begging hear story adventures ralph help bragging told story travels beginning search floor rooms skipping part teacher trapping drinking glass ending keith taking aspirin finally falling asleep sure aspirin tablet ralph mother find worry sure wasn kind pill keith put bedside table refused mother saw explained ralph mother father pretty excited thought mind fever started telling aspirin table saw pill tell letters aspirin decided night clerk found brought thought windows rattled hear knock ralph proud mother sigh relief brothers sisters cousins stared shining eyes ralph didn think uncle lester heartily feel room service left aspirin tip ralph mother feel thing
unusually pleasant mice keith stuffed bacon toast jelly knothole mice feasted bacon jelly ants stored toast rapidly approaching keith leave hotel slept morning keith alternately napped played cars lunch enjoyed peanut butter sandwiches ralph sleep afternoon found thinking tantalizing glimpse ground floor opportunities offered mice crumbs dining room leftovers kitchen scraps garbage lay daydreaming pile shredded kleenex floor pilfering crumbs dining room night guests bed dining room kitchen past night clerk sure asleep trip motorcycle thought motorcycle put end ralph daydream sleep impossible tossing bed kleenex poked head knothole keith awake lying pillows cars smiled wanly ralph feeling asked ralph sort tired answered keith ralph climbed hole folks
knew rough saw picture revolution russia workers taking dad wants lined hold hands working blokes looking hands lily white shot happened country feel days later walking street overalls half past morning rest side face felt lively interested side crooked sorry neighbour front view clock called wide laugh gap seen inches lower neck mind colin bad gate took turnery noise hit boxing glove walking straight flinching feeling reach guts wrench garters handed foreman foreman passed toolsetter toolsetter took youth began feel hot wallet
pa put head professor herbert im says pa thought body teeth body mouth re fake professor herbert luster says professor herbert germ germs live naked eye microscope millions bodies harmful helpful pa holds face looks microscope stop watch pa sits tall stool knees table legs coat slips bends handle gun shows professor herbert quickly pulls coat yes says pa pulls coat pa face red knows gun knows high school big black snake caught yesterday says professor herbert chloroform dissect show germs body don says pa believe jist don want kill black snake kill mousers lot help farm black snakes jist hate kill em don allow em killed place students look pa
beezie home night listening caddy lay awake thinking bottom building higher higher dimes nickels quarters half dollars going caddy guessed guys throw money water girls wish caddy girls woods boys beezie didn care kozik watch catch kick ass let re kids explained find kozik yellow eyes considered lids fell opened lazy wings moth give beezie half watch kozik stared think hundred dollars gee lids opened wide hundred dollars echoed re crazy let money lay re crazy don beezie replied don re rich pooled money took streetcars carried town ten miles country hamlets green hill pearl sat big white house partly screened elm trees
thing girl bathing suit beach glare look anyway thing cool fluorescent lights stacked packages feet paddling naked checkerboard green cream rubber tile floor daddy stokesie feel faint darling hold tight stokesie married babies chalked fuselage tell difference twenty nineteen april asks responsible married finding voice forgot say thinks going manager sunny maybe called alexandrov petrooshki tea company meant town miles beach big summer colony point re middle town women generally put shirt shorts car street anyway women children varicose veins mapping legs including care say re middle town stand front doors banks congregational church newspaper store real estate offices twenty freeloaders tearing central street sewer broke
travelled class mrs hack jokingly threatened van station master dire consequences didn carriage insisted wanted read book peace bothered talking woman main line train pulled johannesburg station kathy edged train corridors dining car tea mrs hack conversation woman table sat afternoon kathy looking window mist human warmth teapot steam drawn forefinger wiped porthole fist mother talking gaily comfortingly yes wonderful place youngsters tell kids enjoy course want dancing night plenty youngsters age thing don mind mean content chat half hour bed kathy imagine launching age mother store mother knew idea lit inside girl room ready pulled straight waiting
hour later sun beginning drop afternoon zenith found searching strange concentration mind answer remembrance lay undisturbed dread doubt dew form coldly kathy hack face face crawling ledge rock idea head climb appeared sort cave waterfall stuck unable unable heard glanced water saw glimmer light surface leant haunches looking foot water shallow face showed golden peat coloured depths water deep lay held submerged rock struck head fallen backwards lagoon felt shock recognition finger lips holding give water moved move bit short hair faintly obedient leaning current green beard rock
bed happened night thirteen fallen asleep watching snow falling half frosted window snow promised falling days opening eyes full doubts snowstorms ended soon getting bed remembered nearly asleep night frosted window burst white jungle dreamed streets houses buried snow hurried barefooted window scribbled thick frost couldn room cold opened window fresh smell snow moist nose animal resting ledge breathing room knew smell darkness window snow falling melted peephole glass palms saw snow fooled coming white silent thick wind move streets houses dreamed watched shivering happy dressed pulling clothes house fire finished breakfast storm hours schooltime changed houses fences barren trees shapes
sick replied lies sofa heart shaped white pastilles heart ailment reads novels read father reading novels lot father meet talk re lonely lonely read books live meet friends love love think love talk father asked yes father father told tale eighteenth birthday ago seen father telescope tower room sits woods clearing woods mile sits throne sorts think stares castle sorcerer kind wizard father frightened built castle magic born father fears offended tear magic true father terrible trouble need father help
london lived father dearly loved son boy youngster eighteen benevolent glimmer horn rimmed spectacles jack school doubt looking forward going university yes dad son show judgment father unquestionably spent university vast honeycomb learning mellow voices professors venerable gray buildings atmosphere culture refinement delight possession comfortable allowance yes dad son rooms continued father dinners friends endless credit tradespeople pipes cigars claret burgundy clothes yes dad son exclusive clubs sorts sports weeks theatricals balls parties rags binges scaling walls dodging proctors fun conceivable description yes yes dad cried son certainly delightful university father springtime pleasure pleasure dozen oysters pearl ah university going send hell poor jack order think carelessly underestimating pleasures call renounce father
ramona quimby hoped parents forget give talking want spoil exciting ha ha ride bus school ramona bragged big sister beatrice breakfast stomach felt quivery excitement ahead begin bus ride length feel home hoped feel carsick ramona going ride bus schools quimbys part city summer glenwood girls school intermediate school meant ramona cedarhurst primary school ha ha beezus excited annoyed sister today start high school junior high school corrected ramona going let sister acting older rosemont junior high school high school walk ramona reached age demanding accuracy summer grown asked grade felt fibbing answered actually started grade say grade finished grade june grown ups understand summers free grades
grown call purple cootie ramona faced front speaking boy going spoil grade thump thump thump ramona seat bus stopped children excited anxious kicking continued ramona bus passed school glenwood thought ramona ago danny bus aide kicking boy riding shotgun bus won kicking seats understand ramona smiled heard danny mutter answer funny bus aide saying riding shotgun guarding shipment gold stagecoach making children behave yellow school bus ramona pretended riding stagecoach pursued robbers discovered eraser beautiful pink eraser missing eraser asked grade girl seat searched seat floor eraser ramona felt tap shoulder turned pink eraser asked boy baseball cap yes ramona ready forgive kicking seat seen nope boy grinned jerked visor baseball cap grin ramona liar ferocious glare faced front angry loss eraser angry dropping boy find
nice willa jean mrs quimby handed ramona lunch box grown ups forgot child likes ordered nice child ramona face mother say single morning asked exasperation deep inside hid darkest secrets ramona longed horrid willa jean ok ok try remember mrs quimby laugh easy kissed ramona cheer run miss bus member quimby family grade harder ramona expected father tired hurry studying dining room table meant disturb watching television school sure felt mrs whaley liking teacher important ramona discovered grade family understood ramona dreaded part spent howie house company mrs kemp willa jean bad parts grade parts ramona enjoyed riding bus school enjoyed keeping yard ape getting part grade began week school class weekly visit school library mrs whaley announced today going sustained silent reading
didn tongue beezus hate tongue ramona yucky bumps plain meat mrs quimby losing patience tongue cheaper cheaper nutritious think quimby think thing lot nonsense liked tongue didn tongue reason eat yes thing ridiculous mrs quimby tongue disgusting beezus picky picky mine mine echoed ramona knowing eat set tongue parents asking meal continued silence girls guilty defiant parents unrelenting quimby finished serving tongue helped ramona plate picky picky purring rusty motor walked dining room rubbed legs remind family eat wonder mrs quimby named cat picky picky quimby looked partly suppressed laughter girls exchanged sulky glances parents laugh children beezus silently cleared table mrs quimby served applesauce oatmeal cookies quimby talked santa helper frozen food warehouse told snow fell inside warehouse door opened let warm air told break icicles moustache left warehouse
rain finally stopped ramona watched dry spots sidewalk thought roller skates closet looked beezus room found sister reading ramona knew beezus wanted telephone mary jane decided wait mary jane called ask mary jane call dragged dry spots concrete front quimbys house widened moisture remained cracks sidewalk ramona pulled skates closet father holding drawing foot arm length study guess skate forgetting asked asked ramona knowing dinner question hung air answered matter settled re stuck ramona told beezus stop sisters kitchen shut door opened refrigerator package chicken thighs beezus groan package frozen peas yoghurt carton plain banana special yoghurt closed refrigerator reached cookbook place cards ramona beezus frantically flipped pages eat place cards beezus corn bread job brought girls spoke whispers
let hurry catch bus mrs quimby answering service doctor messages minutes longer office noticing ramona standing sidewalk run miss bus blew ramona kiss asked ramona luck won mother answered hurry ramona quimby ramona concerned car knowledge feet heavier usual plodded bus stop ride school longer usual yard ape hi egghead bother answer deviled egghead planned school started ramona sat quietly filling spaces workbook trying insert numbers spaces caring failed head felt heavy fingers want move thought telling mrs whaley feel teacher busy writing list words blackboard think interrupted nuisance ramona propped head fist looking twenty glass jars blue oatmeal want think blue oatmeal white oatmeal oatmeal sat motionless hoping terrible feeling
ramona waved hand mrs whaley nodded ramona beckoned sara janet giggled embarrassed joined ramona standing side girls slipped cat masks giggled ramona took deep breath sara janet began chant meow meow meow meow meow meow meow meow danced cats seen cat food commercial television left cat kids smile ramona loud clear voice chorus meowed softly wasn sure exactly true commercials showed cats eating dry cat food making noise kids tried left cat smiles smiles smiles left cat book kids ask kids read thrive happiest kids read left cat left cat cats dogs ramona caught sight yard ape leaning seat grinning flustered help interrupting giggle suppressing tried look yard ape left cats dogs giggle ramona lost remember cats dogs repeated trying start failing mrs whaley class waited
rainy sunday afternoons november dismal ramona felt sunday dismal pressed nose living room window watching ceaseless rain pelting bare black branches clawed electric wires front house lunch leftovers mrs quimby wanted clear refrigerator dreary parents tired discouraged say beezus mysteriously moody ramona longed sunshine sidewalks dry roller skating smiling happy family ramona haven cleaned room weekend mrs quimby sitting couch sorting stack bills don press nose window leaves smudge ramona felt wrong family cross today picky picky meowed front door sigh mrs quimby let beezus carrying towel shampoo stalked living room kitchen began wash hair sink quimby studying dining room table usual pencil scratch angrily pad paper television set sat blank mute fireplace log sullenly refused burn mrs quimby sat picky picky indignant wet outdoors yowled ramona clean room ordered let cat gust cold air house
supposed talk strangers ramona dignified answer mother daddy beezus pointed meanly ramona thought remember quimby opened menu going smile enjoy kills ramona picked menu seething inside maybe mother pry discovered seated single booth aisle gave indignant look answered merry wink teasing ramona didn ramona opened menu exciting discovery longer depend colored pictures hamburgers french fries chili steak help mind read offered studied carefully bottom menu read dreaded words child plate children twelve list choices fish sticks chicken drumsticks hot dogs ramona food treat food school cafeteria daddy ramona whispered child plate don want father smile understanding ramona ordered smallest adult item menu whopperburger noted fast service minutes waitress set quimbys dinners hamburger french fries ramona cheeseburger french fries beezus mother hamburgers chili father
ye sang ramona quimby warm september afternoon knelt chair kitchen table christmas list enjoyed grade looked forward working list ramona christmas list list presents hoped receive presents planned give ye sang thank goodness today payday remarked mrs quimby opened refrigerator find supper ye sang ramona printed mice ginny pig list purple crayon christmas birthday father payday favorite payday meant treats mother payday part job doctor office meant payments bedroom quimbys added house ramona grade yeeping asked mrs quimby making joyful noise lord say sunday school ramona explained don tell joyful noise sounds hooray wow joyful noises ramona sounded settled yeep sounded happy rowdy asked began add myna bird talks list yeep fine feel reassured mrs quimby ramona printed coocoo clock list wondered treat payday
don think whispered beezus hear saying try listening furnace pipes whispered ramona won living room beezus strained catch parents words think wrong ramona divided gummybears heap eat home school share friends nice wrong awful whispered beezus tell talking beezus looked frightened ramona frightened wrong tried think parents whisper stayed trouble lately think single thing wrong frightened longer felt eating chewy bears wanted mother father whispering alarmed beezus finally girls heard father say normal voice think shower supper remark reassuring ramona whispered beezus scared worry curiosity urged beezus ramona hall trying pretend concerned family girls walked kitchen mrs quimby removing leftovers refrigerator think eat home looking sad anxious asked ramona began deal place mats dining room table laying side
boy ramona age earning million dollars ramona interest earning million dollars asked thought things million dollars beginning turning thermostat wouldn wear sweaters house save fuel oil quimby explained movie singing commercial movie shown television paid adds idea ramona thought crayons paper knelt chair kitchen table singing song hamburgers hard maybe earn million dollars boy father fun school watch television say ramona quimby goes school million dollars buy cuckoo clock room house father wouldn need job family disneyland forget pots forget pans ramona began sing drew picture hamburger stabbed yellow dots top bun sesame seeds million dollars quimbys eat restaurant wanted ramona began watch children television commercials saw boy eating bread margarine crown suddenly appeared head fanfare ta da music
young lady began quimby young lady beezus going catch getting altogether big britches lately careful talk house beezus say sorry burst tears simply stalked room ramona burst tears didn mind beezus quarreled enjoyed fight clear air bear family quarreled awful things beezus true don cry ramona mrs quimby put arm younger daughter pumpkin won big sobbed ramona wasn crying pumpkin crying important things father cross wasn working lungs turning black beezus disagreeable polite grown ups anxious thing let bed things look brighter morning mrs quimby minutes quimby picked package cigarettes left kitchen table shook lit sat looking angry lungs turning black minute ramona wondered lungs inside let mother guide room tuck bed
quimby simply signs ramona beezus saved lot notice miss signs pretending pretending obviously girls step campaign running big pieces paper knew ask parents buy family short money signs scraps paper ramona tiny signs smoking stop air pollution smoking bad health stamp cigarettes ramona drew stick figures stretched flat dead cat feet air hid father sure find bathrobe pocket fastened handle toothbrush rubber band inside shoes electric razor waited waited quimby continued smoke ramona held nose saw father cigarette appeared notice girls felt discouraged let ramona beezus devised plan daring plan hold father cigarettes dinner fortunately tinkered car trying find reason tap shower dinner gave girls barely carry plan
easy wouldn leave thing quimby unlocked door hand ramona shoulder guided living room sorry worry collecting unemployment insurance wait line ramona anger faded knew lines understood difficult waited lines turn slides park waited lines school lunchroom days family spare lunch money waited lines mother check counter market waited lines santa claus department store worst boring lines waited lines mother bank felt bad father wait line understood collecting unemployment insurance happy try push ahead ramona wise ways lines line unusually today quimby kitchen cup instant coffee waited water heat poured ramona glass milk gave graham cracker feeling asked ramona looked father rim glass nodded spilling milk front
don want spoiled brat hands ramona father christmas mrs quimby christmas going slim comforted mother angry father ramona climbed bed spoiled brat father thought days difficult ramona cross cross father mean talking eating finally asked ramona ramona scowled tell angry admitting eavesdropped beezus smiling looking serene mrs mester creative writing composition read aloud class likely practicing part mary sister tried act virgin mary easy girl felt ramona costume mrs quimby found bleach bathrobe washing machine happened doctor worked busy earaches sore throats flu winter weather late coming home evening top ramona spend afternoons watching howie grandmother sew sheep suit arrangements ramona howie house quimby home school
telephone call quimby stopped reaching cigarettes began whistle ran vacuum cleaner folded clothes dryer worried frown disappeared mrs quimby forehead beezus looked calm serene ramona mistake told mother tight shoes mrs quimby wasted saturday afternoon shopping shoes sewing ramona costume result drove church night christmas carol program ramona unhappy member family quimby sang drove wheel turning heart wheel turning heart ramona loved song think howie liked machines tonight determined enjoy father singing rain blew car headlights shone pavement windshield wipers mrs quimby leaned tired relaxed beezus smiled gentle virgin mary smile ramona found annoying past weeks ramona sulked someplace cold wet clouds star shining guided wise bethlehem night quimby sang feel shouting heart ramona interrupted father song don care says burst sheep going sheep
girls found question funny answered re wise persons ramona puzzled thought supposed wise boys backed minute explained girl blackest eyebrows mrs russo women wise tonight wise persons idea ramona wished big wise person hiding makeup supposed program asked girls supposed sheep changed mind ramona changing pulled sheep headdress put adorable wise persons ramona surprised called adorable bright lively yes adorable smiled felt lovable maybe pink lined ears helped don want sheep asked wise person ramona inspiration don makeup makeup sheep exclaimed wise person giggled ramona persisted sheep black noses hinted maybe black nose girls looked don tell mother mascara nose black begged ramona getting feet coming christmas tree owner mascara fumbled shoulder bag hanging chair brought tiny box
look picture read sentences ordinary sentences sentences show strong feelings show feelings excitement surprise anger mark punctuation follows sentences exclamatory sentence sentence shows strong feeling surprise excitement anger dumb thing nice won exclamatory sentence exclamation point read sentences hear today weather report yes terrible storm heading supposed rain tonight tomorrow baseball team big game tomorrow punctuation marks sentences mark help understand meaning sentence voice change end mark periods question marks exclamation points show sentence ends show sentence read spoken aloud voice read sentence ends question mark say sentence exclamation point end sentence punctuation mark period end statement command thought storm supposed pass watch news tonight question mark end sentence asks question bad storm exclamation point end sentence shows surprise strong feeling
read sentences pictures mail look mom beautiful card group words kind sentence function kind sentence statement tells declares statements called declarative sentences end period mail question asks questions called interrogative sentences end question mark command tells polite command request commands requests called imperative sentences end period show don read exclamatory sentence shows strong feeling excitement anger surprise exclamatory sentence ends exclamation point gorgeous card read sentences lines vince told class architecture main interest vince told class architecture main interest vince architecture main interest capital letters begin word sentence capital letter vince told class architecture main interest begin word sentence quotation marks capital letter vince told class architecture main interest capitalize part divided quotation complete sentence architecture vince told class main interest begin word line dialogue play script capital letter
read sentences cheryl kitten lost asked seen young black cat neighbors promised call find kitten group words underlined independent clause clauses sentences group words underlined subject predicate clause group words sentence dependent sentence simple sentence compound sentence call sentence group words sentence subject predicate called clause independent clause group words sentence sentences independent clause sentences independent clauses called compound sentences dependent clause group words sentence word dependent clause subordinating conjunction subordinating conjunctions cheryl looked neighbors complex sentence sentence independent clause dependent clauses cheryl looked saw sign kitten neighbors call read sentences emma athletic runs claire practice girls runners
miss dixon class wrote compositions based experiences teri decided write recent adventure getting braces study pictures show steps teri writing process writing process series steps follow begin thinking remembering teri ideas composition ideas writing organize kind planning teri began write teri writing assignments produce perfect final copy composition teri finished draft improve forms writing communicate follow process follow steps write think want say think content purpose audience reader plan write notes word cluster outline write draft notes guide read read critically change words phrases sentences writing says exactly mean drafts improve correct problems spelling capitalization punctuation final copy share type writing determine share miss dixon students write learning logs ten minutes class period
horseback riding activity claire enjoys read wrote likes ride horses fun horse places horse ride top mountain valley cross river ride beach riding horse true freedom horseback riding feel charge treat horse firm kindness want important horse sense control reassure pat nudge friend learning ride horse fun hard learn correct saddle mount horse learn control horse follow lead horse carefully groomed fed exercised loved horses don mind hard hope horse want learn horses hope able horseback riding makes feel free writing explain involves expressing opinion idea belief support opinion reasons think feel
read gettysburg address delivered president abraham lincoln site battle gettysburg pennsylvania november think reasons words score ago fathers brought continent nation conceived liberty dedicated proposition created equal engaged civil war testing nation nation conceived dedicated endure met battle field war dedicate portion field final resting place gave lives nation live altogether fitting proper larger sense dedicate consecrate hallow ground brave living dead struggled consecrated poor power add detract note remember say forget living dedicated unfinished fought nobly advanced dedicated task remaining honored dead increased devotion gave full measure devotion highly resolve dead died vain nation god birth freedom government perish earth
study picture words picture french able read say thing english english names words object picture words things called nouns nouns traditional parts speech parts speech pronouns verbs adjectives adverbs prepositions conjunctions interjections part speech function function noun things kinds nouns word names person place thing idea called noun noun names individual thing group classified count noun noun names group mass things non count noun nouns plural form noun names things hear feel smell taste classified concrete noun concrete nouns count non count noun names things hear feel smell touch believe exist abstract noun abstract nouns count non count non count read sentences determination hope young skater continued daily practice sessions ice beth heiden chosen compete olympic games lake placid york
read sentences picture referee blew whistle player team raised hand reluctantly stepped nervously free throw line ball swished net breathed sigh relief important word predicate underlined words blew raised stepped swished breathed verbs show action happened tell subjects sentences action verb word tells subject sentence feels action verbs tell subject felt played basketball felt lucky action verbs things coach tossed ball action verbs things think experience mind concentrated play read sentences picture math problems difficult unsure answers underlined words sentence verbs verbs show action tell exists tell called verbs verb verb forms verbs tell called verbs line end impatient verb connects subject sentence word word group predicate word word group tells subject
participate sport play soccer baseball involved skating dancing shoot baskets ride horses participate sport enjoy physical activity competition fun playing enjoy watching sports look forward viewing super bowl wimbledon tv olympics appeal skiing gymnastics running pole vaulting tobogganing maybe watching home exciting actually live sporting events sitting glass hockey game root home team person fun imagine players ice skating crazy swiping puck score watch engage sports imagined star daydreamed pitcher dodgers baseball team center celtics basketball team seen playing tennis chris lloyd swimming medley olympics imagination scored judges gymnastics routine beaten opponent tenth meter run mind spectacular play sporting event think sport engage especially enjoy watching recall actual experiences seen athletes sporting event
read sentences picture likes pizza want underlined words place nouns pronouns pronouns replace specific noun called indefinite pronouns kinds indefinite pronouns replace nouns words replace nouns nouns case called pronouns indefinite pronouns refer universe called singular pronouns indefinite pronoun pronoun replace specific noun indefinite pronouns refer part quantity read sentences teenagers young apply summer jobs library school program popular principal counselors teachers talk applicants debbie bruce job hunting sentence compound subject important parts subject underlined verb subject agrees underlined compound subjects joined plural verb compound subjects joined plural verb compound subject simple subjects joined simple subjects compound subject joined subject considered plural agrees plural verb
ramona quimby brave fearless half running half skipping big sister beatrice home park seen sister cheeks flushed anger august afternoon ramona sticky heat grubby landing sawdust foot slides proud mrs quimby girls park hour errand important errand hinted told beezus beatrice called look ramona happened ramona looked beezus supposed responsible bossy word ramona thought today ramona stepped forward defended sister change beezus ramona panting slow beezus clutching library book sweaty hand paid attention clang rings steady pop tennis balls asphalt shouts children grew fainter girls approached house klickitat street ramona hoped mother home errand couldn wait tell happened defended big sister mother proud father home heard story ramona say fight brave ramona fortunately car garage mrs quimby living room girls burst house
asked beezus unusual nickname beezus answered ramona couldn say beatrice ramona enter grade remember pronounce sister aunt beatrice don named beatrice beezus beatrice wouldn want mrs quimby pointed agreed beezus beatrice yuck ramona trying helpful mother frowned trissy suggested hastily beezus rude don dumb call sissy trissy boys sixth grade think awful names calls ramona kimona ramona help thinking awful nickname interesting beatrice think bad nickname beatrice yes guess re agreed beezus plain beatrice plain brown hair think beatrice fancy ramona plain brown hair hard agreeing beezus beatrice gave ramona cozy feeling unusually pleasant place beezus honored ramona watery smile forgiving moment preaching sermon ramona felt secure happy agreeing pleasant wished sister agree
ha thought ramona book pest re bossy shouted silence varlet commanded beezus yonder car approacheth noble mother cometh talked books beezus reading lately ramona thought beezus showing don call bad shouted half hoping mother hear moment mrs quimby appeared doorway looked angry beezus shot ramona fault look girls heard neighborhood mrs quimby ramona sat looked virtuous beezus called bad asked beezus don varlet means mrs quimby took girls rumpled beds ramona toys heaped corner overflowing dresser spoke astonishing thing don blame girls bit bickering room small growing girls course nerves sisters looked relaxed mother understood re going mrs quimby continued re going ahead build extra bedroom house beezus sat slam book shut mother cried ramona understood stress word extra room talked sister believed actually built
mrs griggs ramona owl howie kind boy looked classroom sure order ramona scowled ramona mrs griggs happened owl ramona spoke dignity muster care owls care cared hurt mrs griggs going call tattletale mrs griggs looked ramona trying understand ramona feel ramona felt relieved mrs permission remain owlless parents night felt unhappy confused worse copycat tattletale ramona thought copycat worse half joined class cleaning room parents passed susan desk grew angry susan copycat cheater ramona longed seize curls stretch let boing thought hands easy grade susan sat owl desk gave pat fury ramona chest feel tight susan pretending notice ramona room order parents night twenty owls stood straight looking directions
ramona stood inside closet pretending elevator slid open door stepped room pretended tenth floor drew deep breath inhaling fragrance wood flat smell sheetrock father going paint found mother busy find curtains windows clean smudges putty glass ramona mind tonight going sleep months room room house sliding closet door windows opened ramona howie grandmother called mrs quimby re going ramona stepped closet slid door shut pressed imaginary button imaginary elevator imaginary descent stepped real floor faced real problem mother father leaving parents night ramona hello howie grandmother say hello howie grandmother ramona flopped chair peeled end band aid examine sore knee disappointed howie grandmother notice don parents night ramona mother father boring want hear mrs griggs say mrs quimby worried ramona
tears filled ramona eyes mrs griggs unfair turkeys trouble start sorry hear ramona mrs quimby earth ramona stiff lips quivered wrong mama managed mama wrong ramona struggled control quimby beezus listening shadows doorway mama owl owl ramona drew shuddering breath happened mrs griggs praised susan owl wasted paste thrown owl want think copied susan scrunched owl concluded relieved told story difference asked mrs quimby class making owls fun wasn copying arithmetic spelling papers difference beezus spoke wisdom higher grade makes lot difference ramona grateful support wanted owl course quimby drawn cartoons high school paper artist wants excuse trying destroy susan owl ramona let shuddering sigh mad copycat susan thought big mrs quimby smoothed ramona blankets
grade room ramona asked mrs griggs course likes contradicted mrs quimby ramona liked wouldn tell susan front class sorry scrunched owl ask lead pledge allegiance wouldn say bad things progress report told mrs griggs apologies beezus reminded family asking ramona lead flag salute asks beezus mrs griggs mrs quimby guess beezus wasn favorite teacher wrong asked mrs quimby wasn wrong guess answered beezus wasn exciting wasn mean unfair asked mrs quimby beezus considered question kind child liked neat dependable bet wasted paste ramona paste waster paste likely spoil piece artwork admitted beezus wasn type ramona persisted change room quimby took mrs griggs teaching read arithmetic things fair
ramona reached glenwood school bell rung traffic boys leaving posts children crowding building notice ramona predicament ramona slap patted hall room quickly left lunch box car coat cloakrom sat desk foot folded spread pleated skirt hide dirty sock susan noticed happened shoe asked lost don tell susan told ramona excuse pull susan boing boing curls won promised susan pleased share secret going mrs griggs finding ramona cast desperate look susan don confessed class mrs griggs calm voice saying quiet order won accomplish waste talking ramona tried warm cold foot rubbing pleated skirt mrs griggs looked classroom turn leading flag salute asked ramona stared desk trying shrink small mrs griggs ramona turn mrs griggs smile front room ramona susan exchanged look ramona going
bet hurts ramona began limp enjoying attention slipper attracted ramona mrs griggs standing door sure class entered room orderly manner missed playground making slipper ramona looked mrs griggs didn want wear dirty boot felt brave started grade ask permission stay recess mrs griggs looked slipper slipper encouraged bit praise ramona slipper scissors crayons draw bunny face toe ears real bunny slipper mrs griggs expression thoughtful studying ramona shrank inside uncertain teacher say mrs griggs looked tired cross ramona summoned spunk maybe finish slipper making thanksgiving turkey began mrs griggs changed mind don mrs griggs approved ramona smiled relief pretended limp seat teacher closed door longer dread turkeys teacher class took arithmetic workbooks
read sentences picture yesterday pietro showed mercedes book jokes hear joke write blank book explained mercedes idea jokes added write forget maybe start keeping track creative ideas mercedes write learning log capital letters sentences begin word sentence capital letter afternoon pietro showed mercedes book jokes begin word sentence quotation marks capital letter mercedes idea capitalize part divided quotation begins sentence jokes added write forget read sentences statement pietro jed biking hour command careful sharp downhill slope question covered miles exclamation front tire flat punctuation marks sentences end sentence punctuation mark period end statement command statement declarative sentence command imperative sentence statement jed wheeled bicycle side road command help tire question mark end sentence short group words asks question
look picture read girls saying althea sentence interrogative sentence find subject predicate sentence rearrange words declarative sentence declarative sentence sound natural help find subject predicate interrogative sentence declarative sentence wrong subject declarative sentence predicate declarative sentence interrogative sentence subject predicate declarative sentence christina sentence imperative sentence find subject predicate sentence think sentence means christina sentence means bend knees subject sentence predicate sentence subject imperative sentence find subject predicate interrogative sentence change order words declarative sentence subject predicate declarative sentence subject predicate interrogative sentence subject imperative sentence word word spoken written makes reguest command understood beginning sentence words spoken written imperative sentence predicate sentence
read paragraph kip wrote sailboat ride week holiday seneca lake mel took sailing sloop turn found fastening preserver climbing getting boat simple empathy mel sloop large white main sail smaller blue soon full wind gliding quickly blue water surprised easy sailing suddenly changed realize rounded point open waters mel shouted foreign phrases ordered quickly change sides boat mel body slid side water grabbed foot moment saved mel mel saved decided sailor sentence paragraph begin kinds sentence beginnings paragraph numbered sentences type sentence type number beginning sentences ways opposite page variety types sentences write alternate short sentences ways vary sentences paragraph prepositional phrases begin sentence begin sentence introductory clause begin sentence gerund gerund phrase subject sentence
read composition nathan wrote summer couldn holiday decided create adventure climbing mount everest test strength contrary creativity conceive execute big challenge leaving town sat bed put expression genius style deep thinking ages later inspiration escaped eventually popped baseball cap headed school hundreds ideas looked window shop classroom thought building fine cabinet surely find impressive wandered track football stadium find mt everest hallowed ground setting record yard dash school occurred sports result heavy thinking grew hungry certainly strenuous deserved chocolate milk shake maybe candy bar words dead set sugar feast suddenly glass door school gym saw reflection pleasing sight complexion chocolate chip cookie waist double dip ice cream immediately goal clear couldn test mount everest test power
nathan school held career week community talked students careers read nathan composition opinion career choice animals important part family kinds pets born parents dog named snuffy snuffy friend remember sharing cookies sneaking part dinner park snuffy slide sleep floor bed night wake morning snuffy real person older variety smaller pets times guinea pig hamster called hamster skipper renamed houdini finding ways break cage mother wasn pleased night hamster cage jumped bed sleeping preferred cat tiger hamster tiger didn catch field mouse proudly lay feet tell loved tiger sit lap purr contentedly think caring animals taught responsible keeping animals healthy big job cared
newspapers include kinds articles article pictured part feature article tells special interest writer grayish brown chunk rock meteorite found ice antarctica ago shock wave excitement laboratories planetary science drab appearance belies apparently exotic provenance rock likely comes mars scientists evidence persuasive meteorite assume importance history science comparable moon rocks returned apollo astronauts known object planet reach earth afford scientists chance study detail chemistry geology mars tests pieces meteorite recently erased uncertainty martian origin analysis gases trapped meteorite dr robert pepin university minnesota physicist emerged laboratory week exclaimed mars don think doubt later checking enthusiasm dr pepin modified assessment saying evidence extremely strong conclusive attitude scientists examined meteorite comparing notes thursday annual lunar planetary science conference houston rock volcanic history age chemistry suggest originated mars problem according scientists question rock escaped mars
read paragraph underlined groups words verb phrases consist main verb helping verbs tell main verb helping verb verb phrase jesse james called famous american outlaw brother frank leaders group outlaws robbed banks trains late number songs legends written jesse james shame didn achieve fame noble verbs called written achieve main verbs verbs express action words verb phrase help main verb chart show commonly helping auxiliary verbs main verbs follow auxiliary verbs statements word adverb helping verb main verb questions subject sentence separates helping verb main verb fisherman catch haven lake main verb expresses action thanked gift annoyed helping auxiliary verbs help main verb express action ball thrown harder verb phrase consists main verb helping verb verbs
important events occur lives sister brother born parents buy car grandmother comes live move change schools receive bicycle wanted birthday remember big events exciting important change lives events lives important events occur country president goes china space shuttle launched barney clark receives heart transplant dodgers win series course important events occurred history columbus discovers america pocahontas rescues capt john smith pilgrims land plymouth rock colonies independent united states america railroads meet promontory point utah uniting country sitting bull defeats custer dakotas car comes assembly line cure discovered polio computer invented lands moon event occurs lives country effect learn grow lending meaning continuity lives think important event america history interests imagination put scene event write paragraph describing happens set physical scene event describe place present relate happens important event action verbs present tense scene alive
wrote beautiful invention memory learning ancient greeks romans developed special techniques aid memory gave speeches memory gave speeches called orators orators associate things wanted remember places building orator associate beginning speech front door point foyer moving mentally building heard say place expression comes helping memory rhyme difficult memorize familiar spelling rhyme rhymes neighbor weigh memory device spelling remember words inside words instance piece pie inside piece rat inside separate ways remember imagine absolutely ridiculous think ways remember difficult words speeches able memory skillfully help think clearly learn quickly ways improve memory associate things ideas associate link thing idea read paragraphs thomas edison thomas alva edison boy asked questions
ago land north equator slowly covered ice end ice age north america read americans answer questions north america lives lives change ice age ended ice age earth waters froze happened level sea dropped land part ocean floor water land joined places separated water land bridges connected continents asia north america bridge kilometers miles find map page animals land bridge walked north america oversized bison mammoth giant moose giant ground sloth camels oxen bighorn sheep bears foxes mountain goats crossed land bridge animals traveled paths free ice looking plants eat stayed south ice cap found plenty grass eat key map page trace paths animals north america families began cross hunters lived small groups
mammoth large animals americans lived hunters smaller game depended gathering plants roots seeds food peoples began grow food sure ready supply farmers lived highlands today mexico grew foods corn beans squash ago mexico completely hunting gathering fields villages grew food villagers farm spend crafts religion government cities sprang ago important city area largest tenochtitlan stood mexico city stands today built aztec tenochtitlan cities aztecs controlled special city capital center religion trading center tenochtitlan market busiest americas tenochtitlan located island middle lake streets canals boats traveled carrying goods kinds city tiny green islands called floating gardens gardens built aztecs provide land farming workers piled silt mud lake bottom
columbus brought settlers hispaniola start group faced problems settlers interested seeking gold putting houses planting fields bothered consider rights americans lived island hundreds result americans attacked settlers islanders strong newcomers weapons match iron swords muskets spanish spanish unknowingly brought diseases americas thousands hispaniola died diseases smallpox measles true parts americas spanish increased control island realized hispaniola gold adventurers headed nearby islands hopes finding riches islanders killed battle diseases europeans carried spanish give settlements hispaniola found gold began land farmers grew sugar cane oranges bananas crops demand europe spaniards wished farm large pieces land king covered large area farms size called plantations crops grown mainly trade start plantation owners saw wealthy ladies gentlemen
early england colonies atlantic coast started small village settlements built nearby gaps settlements filled colonies divided groups southern colonies england colonies middle colonies find map page section differed climate land natural resources section special problems ways living southern colonies mild climate rich soil crops grew important trading crops called cash crops tobacco main cash crop virginia maryland swampland coast south carolina rice grew main cash crop colony read southern colonies look ways farming market shaped look answers questions southern farmers need workers help needed small farm family extra help true large farm plantation especially crops tobacco rice grown crops required care shortage farm workers colony southerners tried solve problem ways
french indian war ended ties england colonies atlantic coast growing weaker families colonies think england home place grandparents grandparents colonies england grandparents countries sweden poland netherlands spain france thousands originally africa england meant americans colonists dreamed fighting war england war fight independence today known american revolution britain left american colonies handle everyday problems taxes proved hard collect things began change read look answers questions laws england pass pass british view laws colonists think laws behavior americans bring british complete break french indian war cost british lot money result war britain doubled amount land ruled north america
meeting called philadelphia change articles confederation rhode island person attended represented spoke end representatives change articles wrote plan government plan called constitution took months write constitution disagreements say finally september representatives met gave approval plan government country story give closer look constitutional convention find representatives helped write constitution read try imagine willing say mark beginning things philadelphia days ago george washington arrived attend important convention splendid looked honor guard officers served army rode doubt george washington respected nation seeing helps important convention meetings place house beginning call building independence hall declaration independence signed ago reason convention important benjamin franklin present
moses austin united states advantages settling mexican lands moved missouri develop lead mines sainte genevieve met bad luck lost money moses austin longer young ready try entirely field november rode south pocket money borrow son austin rode san antonio texas asked grant land spanish government wanted permission divide land farms settlers families austin returned missouri wait answer died pneumonia shortly hearing received permission found settlement died asked son stephen plan august stephen austin texas choosing place colony picked stretch land colorado brazo rivers end settlers arrived early spring austin san antonio report progress colony meantime mexico won freedom spain independent country austin told mexico city permission build colony later mexican lawmakers approved plans number americans grants land
lived lands united states won mexico fewer interested moving shortly treaty ending war signed gold discovered northern california discovery california mexican miners digging gold southern california gold deposits rich north mexican miners rushed northern california joined discovery entered port san francisco goldfields arrive land continent san francisco center activity important ports pacific coast reports visited lived city read find answers questions discovery gold change california parts southwest affected search valuable metals sailed york san francisco fight war mexico arrived war decided stay california wooden shacks adobe houses adobe sun dried brick clay months houses
early differences sections country shaped americans looked questions northern factory owners southern plantation owners question compromise difficult concerning future slavery war independence slaves colony war north believe wrong person slavery ended northern states slavery likely end south growing market cotton ended hopes southern plantation owners felt needed workers number slaves south grew united states number slave free states slaves lived south border divided pennsylvania maryland land west settled congress decided slavery areas north ohio river formed americans worried balance slave free states upset northerners feared slave states free slavery grow southerners feared free states slavery ended read efforts number slave free states equal look answers questions compromises
class study precious resource earth class important biology study living things word biology comes greek words bios meaning ology meaning study course studying living things factors affect living things future health depend learn class study biology include things headache microscope chances getting lung cancer chances baby born birth defects define biology look parts word bacteriology word mean study biology important want learn read write english class learn numbers attend math class learn sing play musical instrument find music class want learn discover things science class science method thinking method want study live science thinking science mind think solve problems ask questions science enjoy studying biology
science understand live understand scientific method scientific method series steps exact order steps order times needed process science begins observing recognizing problem essential observe recognize problem exists requires answer scientists recognizing problem scientists educated guesses called hypotheses singular hypothesis purpose hypothesis provide solution problem scientists able hypothesize based past experience problem process science begin scientists recognizing problem hypothesis important hypotheses help scientists solve problems observed hypothesis direction problem question answered target shoot scientists testing guesses find correct find answer hit target imagine stereo suddenly goes dead recognized problem based observation solve problem ways unorganized scientific method acting unorganized reasons blindly try things banging set pushing buttons jiggling wires
chapters studied scientific skills making careful observations recognizing problems stating hypotheses learned hypotheses educated guesses hypotheses stated answers problems hypotheses guess hypothesis tested hypothesis tested experiment hypothesis tentative answer hypotheses guesses wrong sadly believe act guesses testing accuracy evidence acting guesses hypothesis hypothesis tested chapter saw diagram explained activity tried guess objects box learned test guesses hypotheses results tests compared hypotheses chapter learn test hypothesis process testing hypothesis called experiment experiments parts experimental factor experimental control experimental factor easy understand experimental factor part experiment tests hypothesis educated guess experiments test factor part experiment called control
living things cells amoeba celled human adult trillion cells amoeba human complete organisms cells microscopic size human red blood cells row equal millimeter cells large chicken egg celled ostrich egg single cell reach length centimeters yolk centimeters shape cells varies greatly cells round ball rod shaped pen rectangular brick cells amoeba shape human nerve cell cell wide meter fine thread tenth diameter human hair length meter stick organism size depends number size cells cells whale larger cells mouse blade grass whale simply cells mouse living things common determines organism size human larger cat discovery cell invention microscope basic kinds microscopes light microscope electron microscope light microscope magnifies images lenses bend light electron microscope magnifies images magnets bend beams electrons
cytology study cells research matthias schleiden theodor schwann rudolph virchow contributed biology major ideas cell theory cell basic unit structure organism living things built cells subject chapter cell basic unit function subject chapter organisms cells cell basic unit structure function cells reproduced cells study cell called cell theory cell basic unit structure cell basic unit function smallest unit cell alive perform basic functions basic functions activities inside cell considered alive amoeba alive bacterium alive muscle cells leg flea alive cells stem celery plant alive cell alive functions going absorption cell able absorb food water air materials digestion cell able break digest food simpler forms synthesis cell able digested food synthesize substances growth
subject chapter lower plants mosses ferns conifers higher plants producing seeds flowers discussed chapter discussions major animal groups follow chapters complete study diversity kingdoms forms divided plants animals classified according features obtain food move structured major difference plants animals obtain food plants able food organisms able food called autotrophs animals food depend living dead organisms food organisms food called heterotrophs plants group organisms food plants autotrophic plants move plants chlorophyll chloroplasts plant cells cell walls plants live land plants cells special tissues organs plants classified phyla vascular nonvascular plants vascular plants special tissues tubes carrying liquids inside nonvascular plants tissues carrying liquids plants characteristics plants major phyla plants define mosses liverworts nonvascular plants nonvascular plants carry liquids small
skeletal system form support body skeleton blob jelly floor skeletal system functions muscular system body movement muscular system works skeletal system muscles move pulling contracting muscles contract pull bones bones move move movement locomotion important animal purpose skeletal system functions skeletal system purpose muscular system muscles move person movement important skeletal system includes bones cartilage ligaments tendons tissues skeleton bone hard living tissue bone blood vessels nerves dividing cells bones hollow spongy inside hollow center bone marrow marrow produces red white blood cells stores body excess fat cartilage tough flexible tissue cartilage found cushioning ends bones meet feel cartilage ear lobes lower part nose cartilage found walls voice box windpipe ligaments attach bone bones connect ligaments tough strands connective tissue ligaments hurt sprain ankle sprain results ligaments tear trying ankle bones proper place
purpose digestive system digestion digestion breakdown organic compounds simplest forms cells digestion support job digestive system digestive system breaks food ways mechanically chemically organs digestive system chew tear churn squeeze mix grind food mechanical digestion organs digestive system chemicals chemicals break food reduce liquid chemical digestion mechanical chemical digestion food moves digestive system groups organs digestive system group makes gastrointestinal tract food tube open end includes mouth esophagus stomach intestine organs store chemicals chemically break food liver pancreas gall bladder salivary glands food tube meters begins mouth teeth mechanically chew chop break food salivary glands produce chemical starts breakdown carbohydrates esophagus connects mouth stomach function esophagus transport foods liquids stomach stomach bag muscles function stomach grind food mix digestive juices stomach special cells walls gastric juice
circulatory system support system feeds cells food oxygen takes waste products circulatory system network highways streets alleys connecting cells community turn community cells keeps body alive main parts circulatory system heart blood vessels blood circulatory system parts system look fist note size heart bundle muscles size fist heart shaped cone located center chest lungs tilted side points downward left heart living pump pumps pump left side pump side side divided chambers top chamber called atrium plural atria bottom chamber called ventricle sides heart divided valve atrium ventricle blood flowing backwards valves doors blood moving direction size shape location heart chambers heart function valves function circulatory system carry materials parts body
organisms energy movement growth reproduction activities organisms energy food energy ability walk move part body body energy move energy exists forms energy food chemical energy light heat forms energy energy changed form chemical energy food changed mechanical energy walk heat body comes chemical energy food standards hummingbird active organism earth wings beat faster bird hummingbird hover helicopter fly backward forward speed hummingbird energy active feed constantly suppose active hummingbird eat weight food list forms energy organism activity related energy needs water important care pets houseplants water water percent organism mass animals water drinking eating foods water roots plants absorb water soil grow organisms water surroundings absorbing outer coverings
observations conclusions develop theories theory idea explains things events explanation based known facts facts observations conclusions experiment biogenesis theory idea living organisms living organisms supported observations experiments theory based large number observations observations experiments single experiment likely show theory wrong hypothesis true tested theory theory agree observations conclusions longer accepted dropped changed fit data experiments lead questions scientists experiments find answers scientific questions remain unanswered examples questions scientists seeking answers exist parts universe build computer artificial intelligence plants developed resistant insects disease hypothesis theory describe observations experiments support biogenesis theory observations measurements high tree mass chicken egg numbers units measure height weight quantities scientists countries metric system units measurement
cells substances carry activities alive substances enter cell membrane process called diffusion diffusion organisms occurs substance solution water water solution mixture water substance dissolved particles substance solution small put small amount salt water salt dissolves forms solution solutions concentrated means particles substance dissolved volume suppose fill cups water cup add spoonful sugar sugar dissolves water forms solution cup dissolve spoonfuls sugar concentration sugar greater cup sugar unit space cup greater number particles space greater concentration particles substances solution move diffusion cell membrane according concentration move concentrated concentrated substances move direction opposite move diffusion active transport movement materials areas low concentration areas high concentration organisms live ocean higher concentration iodine water
activities controlled animal endocrine nervous systems animal endocrine system endocrine glands endocrine glands produce release hormones blood hormones chemicals regulate activities endocrine glands produce hormones regulate growth reproduction fast cells oxygen amount sugar blood endocrine glands responsible differences male female animals male birds brightly colored feathers compared dark drab feathers females differences caused hormones produced endocrine glands animal nervous system consists sense organs nerves nerve center animals detect stimuli environment sense organs nerves connect animal sense organs nerve center nerves special kinds cells carry messages called impulses nerve center nerve center controls animal responses compare animal nervous system telephone communication system sense organs telephones receive send messages system nerves telephone wires carry messages nerve center switchboard animals kinds nervous systems earthworm nerve center brain mouth grasshopper nerve center head animals main nerves extend nerve center full length bodies nerves connect animal sense organs main parts nervous systems
sexual reproduction production offspring parents organisms species mate produce offspring mating sex cells parent join sex cells special cells produced sex organs sex cells formed female sex organ called eggs sex cells formed male sex organ sperm fertilization joining egg sperm nucleus sperm joins nucleus egg single cell called zygote formed conditions zygote grow organism hydra sex organs small bulges sides animal body round bulges female sex organs eggs form cone shaped bulges male sex organs sperm form fully formed sperm released male sex organ swim female sex organ fertilization place sexual reproduction male female parents takes place animal species male species produces sperm female produces eggs males females species mate mating results eggs fertilized zygotes develop organisms animals species mate reproduce sexually sexual reproduction occur egg sperm species sexual reproduction factor determine group animals classified species examples asexual reproduction
marchantia liverwort plant dull green branched ribbon shape small grows flat close ground stage marchantia produces tiny umbrella shaped parts reproduction marchantia found growing moist shady areas floor forest marchantia grown terrarium liverworts nonvascular plants algae true roots stems leaves liverworts held ground rhizoids rhizoid thin threadlike structure grows body plant rhizoids liverworts absorb water soil osmosis water food move liverwort diffusion diffusion slow liverworts remain small size water move fast cell cell diffusion supply parts large plant plants grow rocks need soil anchor roots plants grow rocks plants grow species rock moss rock moss grows mountain regions granite slate ledges moss brittle leaflike structures stick rock moss dry crumbles easily dry living grow watered rain moss small plant grows moist shaded areas mosses green moss found growing cracks sidewalks
observed mold growing bread mold kind fungus kinds fungi mushrooms yeast fungus plantlike organism feeds living organisms dead organic matter plant cells fungus cells cell walls plants fungi move fungi plants fungi food fungi food chlorophyll cells fungi food living things parasites mold athlete foot parasite fungi live dead organic matter saprophytes saprophyte organism obtains food dead organisms waste products living things mushroom grows rotting log saprophyte fungi multicellular complex protists fungi reproduce spore formation divided phyla fungi kingdom phyla sporangium fungi club fungi sac fungi division based kinds spore forming structures produced fungi table page shows classes fungi characteristics examples list characteristics fungi saprophyte parasite sporangium fungi fungi produce spores special spore cases sporangium fungi parasites saprophytes grow warm moist places food
disease mumps measles chicken pox disease condition person ill due breakdown upset body functions disease diseases caused germs germs microbes disease microbes microscopic bacteria viruses protozoans fungi germs parasites organisms produce disease diseases caused disorders cells glands organs disease shortage red blood cells lack production hormone endocrine gland damage organism disease temporary organism recovers diseases leave permanent damage diseases death organism germ parasite disease theory microbes diseases presented robert koch german physician koch showed bacteria disease called anthrax farm animals discovered bacteria tuberculosis koch developed set steps proving disease caused microbe set steps known koch postulates postulate word principle koch postulates prove microbe disease microbe believed disease present organism disease occurs
mrs staley waits son peter doctor today peter receives final rabies vaccination weeks ago walking home school peter bitten stray animal peter ran mother mrs staley saw bite winced moment relived pain daily injections received prevent rabies bitten stray animal child mrs staley washed son bite soap water alcohol called peter doctor doctor mrs staley feared animal found hours determine rabies peter receive rabies treatment police notified bulletins issued local radio stations animal found rabies disease caused virus destroys nerve cells brain rabies virus transmitted bites animals rabies warm blooded animals including rabies bitten animal rabies person chance developing disease rabies symptoms occur death nearly series rabies vaccinations prevent disease developing person bitten animal found vaccinations safety precaution rabies vaccine resulted louis pasteur pasteur tested vaccine joseph meister bitten animal rabies
shape earth round globe round representation earth surface showing earth map presents basic problem cartographers try show dimensional sphere map distort surface fit systems ways showing earth map called projections projections tools adapted special ways meet special purposes basic aspects earth surface cartographer try represent distance direction area shape map projection show items correctly deciding feature features important cartographer chooses projection suited purpose listed categories projections deals ways distance direction area shape projection shows shapes correctly large areas nearly correct shapes small areas portrayed conformal projections mercator map shown conformal projection unlike globe mercator shows meridians parallels straight lines crossing angles feature directions easily plotted read property makes mercator projection navigating short distances sea showing winds ocean currents show zones note mercator parallels latitude drawn uneven distances
human beings acquire knowledge learning animals hand guided entirely instinct cat dog skills lifetime human hand period physical mental development called childhood grow learn group takes complete process enculturation enculturation involves teaching learning passing culture generation spent undergoing enculturation home member members family taught talk eat food dress watched television listened stories repeated heard say school part enculturation process teachers passed knowledge skills needed society older friends strangers family school played larger roles enculturation leave school widen fairly complete mental model society works expects acquired characteristics culture put room ten cultures observed space explorers mentioned earlier minutes identify culture
cultures existed rise civilizations named resources humans tools eras stone age bronze age iron age important stone metal technologies revolutionary prehistoric experienced result invention agriculture herding brought agriculture lived gathering fruits seeds wild plants hunting wild animals permanent settlements small bands constantly search food search control environment feast famine depended whims nature farmer idea planting seeds caring plants harvesting storing crops location herder learn tame raise graze cattle milk food skins developed things accidents ideas genius unknown history accident design stone age living western slopes zagros mountains mesopotamia learned plant seeds wild wheat recent research suggests event occurred ago wheat grew wild southwest asia earliest evidence agriculture comes southwest asia places developed farming techniques east asia agricultural revolution began learned plant rice
takes money money saying goes observation true developing countries basic ways developing country acquire money capital investment trading goods receiving financial aid trading countries developing nations remain sellers raw materials buyers manufactured goods sell inexpensive raw materials developed countries return depend countries sell expensive finished goods developing country money financial aid money outright grant loaned low interest rates grants need paid loans eventually repaid lender interest aid directly country international agencies exist recently increased efforts international agencies bank international monetary fund order funnel money developed countries developing countries total amount money financial aid produce overnight developing country receives money trade aid face fact needs vast amounts technical knowledge chinese proverb recognizes need give person fish hunger avoided teach person fish eat
steel making process requires addition coke variety materials course iron end war ii united states getting high grade iron ore mesabi range minnesota duluth large lake steamers carried iron manufacturing centers southern shores lakes gary detroit places coal deposits located south lakes pittsburgh coal iron easily brought war ii high grade iron ore mesabi range steel companies looked sources iron ore found canada south america foreign ores steel plants located shores lakes st lawrence seaway built joint undertaking united states canada ocean going ore ships supply high grade ore map scientists working university minnesota discovered low grade iron ore enormous supply rock called taconite iron thrown discovered process collects iron huge volume taconite steel cost source iron older methods high grade iron ore reducing cost making steel means things steel cost buy products
southern america mountains rain forests pampas islands tropics mid latitudes million doubling number generation romance carnivals rhythm music land fabulous scenery unstable governments land force called rising tide expectations sweeping awakening millions southern americans realization dawn dusk labor hunger illiteracy disease domination southern america demands industrial revolution violent collision traditional societies characterize region means southern america rapidly changing culture regions brought industrial revolution spreading unevenly southern america differences country greater decades ago country contrasts living city industries rural farm land addition contrasts country wealthy poor pronounced southern america languages spoken indian languages spoken majority predominantly indian countries paraguay bolivia peru ecuador guatemala mexico maps pp addition major european languages spanish portuguese english french
countries western europe able feed national territory france sure times bad weather reduced crop yields france depend imports industrial development continues demand increases kinds food means french import food france advantages agriculture enjoyed nations european culture region france largest area productive soils western europe farms differences climate soil small areas grow variety farm products western france typical marine climate parts nation continental climate type weather brings colder winters central france warm summers summers ideal growing wheat utilizing fertile soils warm dry summers france leading wheat producing nation european culture region areas france border mediterranean sea enjoy mediterranean climate later crops grown industrial revolution france ago french kings able tie national unit semi independent lords ruled parts country food clothes kings courts common easily shipped paris fine pattern navigable rivers
cities south reflect region poverty naples beautiful city overlooking bay naples volcano vesuvius fine museums homes hotels sections live crowded unsanitary conditions poverty south bad italian government established cassa il mezzogiorno fund south aim improve agriculture prepare industry sweeping land reform laws passed break large poorly managed estates estates acres permitted provided jobs farm workers divided small farms ranging acres farms sold peasant farmers payment plan aimed modernizing agriculture providing soil conservation low interest loans offered farmers wanted advantage plan government encourages farmers land properly teaches modern agricultural methods drainage deep plowing tractor operation farmers learn restore soil fertilizers government requires farmers belong cooperatives organizations farmers group purchase supplies market produce cooperatives harvesting milk wine pressing cooperatives farmer modern machines buy giving individual farmers land teaching farming methods government improved land areas
finland located sweden soviet union centuries finns ruled sweden today cent speak swedish cent lutherans swedes century finland part russian empire finns united language unlike sweden russia common language political background helped finns develop strong sense nationality desire independence communist revolution russia finland broke russia declared independence republic governed elected president legislature beginning war ii soviet armies attacked finland finns amazing stand armies succeeded taking finland agricultural land located northwest leningrad gulf finland lake ladoga beginning war ii soviet armies attacked finns defeated soviets annexed land learned finns scandinavians asian centuries ago east settle land cold winters dense forests ways face problems reached solutions scandinavian neighbors highest literacy rate proportion read write
george alger stepped plane rome headed customs fellow passengers suddenly alger sinking feeling stomach passport legal proof united states citizenship coat pocket george mind raced passport home plane matter george knew passport delays italian government officials let enter italy passports device countries control flow borders alger problem illustrates fact basic political unit today country precise term political community occupies definite territory organized government power enforce laws approval higher authority states maintain control living territory united states states today states today vary greatly size population economic strength military power importance republic nauru island pacific ocean smallest states population area square miles square kilometers republic china hand largest states million live area nearly million square miles million square kilometers term nation talking states italy united states
mid colonists thought british subjects colonies developed largely early attempts bring colonies failed benjamin franklin proposed plan uniting colonies called albany plan union franklin plan ahead rejected colonies called give large measure local power annual congress delegates thirteen colonies harsh british policies spurred growth american sense community growing number colonists began think americans drawn hostility british authority colonial leaders began political action felt british suppression colonies delegates meeting york called stamp act congress meeting organized colonies protest king george actions delegates congress petition king arguing colonial legislatures impose direct taxes stamp tax organized resistance british spreading organizations called committees correspondence committees consisted groups colonists wanted touch events unfolded samuel adams established committee boston idea spread quickly months massachusetts eighty committees
priceless heritage constitution ability grow social conditions extent national territory preserving basic form government say living constitution constitution living document founders wrote changed meet future conditions founders provided change permit constitution amended article describes constitution amended look process works article responsibility amending constitution directly congress states amendments deal topic exception article lose equal representation senate consent ways amendments proposed ways ratified method proposing amendments thirds vote chambers congress method dozens resolutions proposing constitutional amendments introduced congress recent amendments proposed topics putting limits income taxes shortening term supreme court justices twelve giving states complete control oil deposits borders approved congress method proposing amendments national convention called congress request thirds thirty states
presidents elected large national electorate outline policies nation feel interest americans members congress elected voters individual states congressional districts represent narrower local interests ideas constitutes desirable public policy president system checks balances congress president powers check counteract seek advance public policies favor president threaten veto bill feels national interest president argue bill spends money spur inflation harmful nation members congress threaten override president veto voters states districts benefit bill parts country paradox members congress expect president propose legislation seldom satisfied simply approving presidential proposals seek modify legislation suit interests states districts struggle shaping public policy branch powers system checks balances influence branch scholar james macgregor burns system checks balances designed deadlock inaction burns contends system checks balances results president versus congress
today candidate presidency wealthy able raise large amounts money federal government funds aspects presidential campaigns running presidency expensive individual candidates campaigning primaries paying television hiring opinion pollsters consultants sending mailings require large amounts money ronald reagan spent million election campaign presidency major political parties course want candidates winners generally candidates extremely liberal conservative political views stand chance elected candidates hold moderate center positions issues reflect views majority americans barry goldwater conservative candidate republican party considered views conservative democratic party candidate george mcgovern seen liberal candidates lost elections wide margins course exceptions ronald reagan held conservative positions reagan won presidency moderate candidate president jimmy carter personal qualities person need president study chart page modern presidents northern european family backgrounds poor families harry truman rich roosevelts john kennedy presidents modest circumstances
presidential administration individual cabinet members gain influence president president trust judgment president kennedy called frequently brother attorney general robert kennedy advice justice department issues topics cabinet members greater access president head departments concern president secretaries defense treasury attorney general called secretaries cabinet factors limit president cabinet advice making key decisions help running executive branch understanding factors help understand presidents trouble maintaining control executive branch helps explain presidents rely heavily assistants executive office president president command total loyalty cabinet members cabinet members appointed president responsive groups career officials department members congress interest groups groups stake programs administered department push cabinet secretary directions accord president plans policies career officials departments remain job president cabinet secretary rely officials run department basis
citizens united states sound mind committed felony major crime called court federal court jury duty federal courts select names jury duty master list registered voters drawn clerk court send jury qualification form fill form return period soon afterward receive summons requiring appearance court place wish excused jury duty give reasons serve jury court respond promptly excusing ordering sure notify employer soon called jury duty law protects dismissed job penalized fulfilling civic duty court appointed expect chosen serve jury sit large room citizens waiting called bring book magazine read help pass finally group including escorted courtroom questioning lawyers case try determine fair judgment case likely biased clients
seen american economic system free enterprise system based private ownership business decisions private individuals government plays major role economy accurate description american economy mixed economy mixed economy private enterprise supported regulated government regulation business labor agriculture recent major function federal government government officials regard regulatory duties service economy general welfare business leaders disagree argue government regulations interfere workings free marketplace result constant conflicts government business constitution congress power lay collect taxes general welfare regulate commerce states vast number regulatory laws enacted congress century based grants powers primary constitutional basis government regulation economy commerce clause article section founders intended commerce clause give federal government control interstate commerce supreme court broadened interpretation interstate commerce include types economic activities interstate commerce covers production goods transportation water land air communication telephone telegraph tv radio mining resources sale stocks bonds
adequate housing transportation important part general welfare society need decent housing lead lives need adequate transportation business industry require smooth working transportation systems obtain raw materials ship products market reasons housing transportation focus government policies programs government involved making housing policy depression millions americans losing homes farms meet mortgage payments construction houses nearly ground halt government responded series loan housing support programs war ii congress assured government continuing role housing policy passing housing act law congress declared goal decent home suitable living environment american family administer federal programs improve housing rehabilitate american cities congress created department housing urban development hud hud spends billion housing programs unlike federal aid programs distribute money agencies hud distributes money directly local communities look major types federal programs hud responsible government developed programs promote financing building buying houses known program administered federal housing administration fha
live exciting times frontiers opening depths ocean heights space microworld electronics times maybe survive need learn matter energy planet earth purpose book help explore answers questions branch knowledge called physical science pages learn method thinking called scientific method scientists curious find valuable method find science facts theories science physical science science answer simpler think science method organizing curiosity scientific person asks questions tries understand organized orderly science questions apple fall tree measles ask truly curious answer searching answer organized orderly
think sure thinking thinking sure thing thinking matter energy motion think matter rocks buildings dogs cats bikes water air think song energy waves moving air matter matter place substance energy energy involved burning log ashes smoke words energy things happen matter matter constant motion wind blows leaf falls brain solve puzzle case matter motion energy motion occur find matter states matter energy energy form mass takes space matter visible light waves radio waves rays space matter scientists classify matter states solids liquids gases solid definite shape ice rocks tin cans glass bottles wood examples solids set table change fact place solid bowl roll ground won change
holds bridges bridges collapse cars speed slow drives electric current wires water pipes pushes air jump earth forces forces give energy matter put motion action forces explain circumstances familiar ride elevator elevator floor presses hard bottom feet elevator goes feels floor pulling feet car riding stops suddenly body lurches forward car rounds corner high speed body leans side blow balloon release balloon shoots air empties falls chapter find idea forces helps understanding things happen find meant universal law gravitation gravity mass distance weight mass force push pull exerted matter car plane elevator riding rate motion feel push pull say force motion speeds things slows things pushes things corners
study structure matter simplest question ask matter learned matter occupies space substance universe chapter probe deeply matter find probing matter follow footsteps lived thousand ago egypt greece egyptians chemistry matter strongly connected embalming dead religious ritual greeks hand concerned changing substance wood changed fire ashes couldn iron turned gold today scientists study matter chemical laboratories giant atom smashers tear cores atoms goal scientists trying understand matter rearrange ways find alchemists contributed science elements atoms compounds look filled amazing variety substances shapes sizes colors substances soft hard solids liquids gases ago sought answer question matter called alchemists
find ideas atom emerged rutherford atoms makes type atom atom size atoms tiny size million atoms stacked end end thickness equal thickness pages book clue differences atoms found england ernest rutherford workers rutherford known students alligator ferocious personality short discovered radium elements radioactive elements give high energy particles rutherford saw high energy particles probe structure atoms understand atomic structure investigated imagine inspector secret physical science laboratory making special metal metal strong sheet thicker page book bullets bounce shows gate wants truckload books reports laboratory dump suspect smuggling sheet metal laboratory books look pages books thought plan
find valence electrons atoms elements families iiia viia elements families iiia viia transition metals boundary metals nonmetals boundary runs families iiia iva va families boron carbon nitrogen oxygen named element family families metallic nonmetallic elements atoms elements boron family iiia valence electrons elements include boron nonmetal aluminum common metal earth outer layer boron family important families carbon family iva atoms elements family valence electrons valence electrons carbon family halfway highly reactive metals highly reactive nonmetals element family carbon forms unbelievable number compounds carbon found oil plastics nylon million carbon compounds known oxygen silicon common element earth outer layer silicon member carbon family found sand rocks glass cement silicon member carbon family germanium forms backbone important modern industries computers heavier elements carbon family tin lead show definite metallic properties
find temperature affects rate chemical reactions concentration reactants affects rate chemical reactions meant term catalyst important products chemical reaction important rate reaction rate reaction fast reaction occurs rusting iron releases heat energy reaction goes slowly room temperature think pile rusting nails warm reactions proceed quickly think explosion dynamite knowing fast reaction occur death matter rate reaction occurs depends things important considerations temperature concentration reactants understand temperature concentration important understand happens reactants chemical reaction chemical reactions reactants form substances products reactant atoms molecules close contact change occur reactants molecules chemical bonds molecules broken atoms involved form substances bonds reactant molecules broken broken collisions reactant molecules reactant molecules moving slowly bump gently breaking bonds fast moving molecules collide force
find happens nuclear reaction holds nucleus atom chemical reactions involve breaking forming chemical bonds chemical bonds atoms involve electrons chemical reactions affect electrons reactant product atoms reactions affect nuclei atoms nucleus atom change nucleus kind atom changed nucleus kind atom nuclear reaction nuclear reactions release enormous amounts energy understand nucleus atom change mind basic facts nucleus positive protons neutral neutrons nucleus atom number protons atomic number determines kind atom number protons kind atom number neutrons change changing kind atom atoms number protons numbers neutrons called isotopes nuclear force holds protons neutrons tightly tiny area nucleus electric charges repel positive protons tend move nuclear force strong counteract electric forces act split nucleus neutrons contribute binding strength nuclear force nuclear force strong nuclear reactions powerful energy source kinds nuclear reactions
find substances affected temperature happens substances change seen effects heat matter puddles evaporate disappear snow melts water boils lakes freeze later melt physical volume substances affected amount heat energy present kinetic theory mind easy heat energy affects matter matter particles moving effects heat matter understood terms fast particles move suppose heat air balloon kinetic energy molecules air increases air balloon expands increase kinetic energy molecules bump walls balloon harder result increased pressure walls balloon increased pressure balloon expand solids liquids gases expand heated atoms molecules gain kinetic energy move farther guess substances cooled opposite occur particles lose kinetic energy move closer volume substance smaller contracts mercury thermometer makes expansion liquid mercury measure temperature temperature thermometer increases mercury atoms gain kinetic energy move mercury expands thin column thermometer
picture young butterfly looks adult butterfly picture baby ways baby looks course change grow change insects taller fatter thinner parts insects change times adults insects stages grow eggs laid eggs hatch small wormlike animals called larvae called larva larvae eat grow grow big skins shed kinds larvae shed skins times larvae pupae called pupa stop eating moving kinds insects build case cases pupae change adults finally cases split adult insects crawl insects ready begin adult lives females lay eggs happens eggs insects stages growth young hatched eggs kind insect called nymphs nymphs look parents nymphs smaller wings nymphs eat grow shedding skins outgrow grasshoppers shedding happens times
seen insects special ways finding food finding staying danger insects live special live share insects called social insects ants hornets honeybees social insects let find honeybees food honeybees fly flower flower stop drink sweet liquid called nectar put pollen pollen baskets legs pollen powder material found ends stems flower pollen brushes flowers flowers started making seeds flowers lot pollen plenty pollen bees flowers bees loaded nectar pollen fly hive nectar honey mixed pollen grains bee bread bread honey food bees flowers hive bees wander looking bee found flowers brought news rest hive bee looked food special kind dance dance told bees fly direction bees smelled odor flowers buzzed dancing bee
re gonna late youngest brother paid attention grasping firmly newspaper wrapped notebook tin lunch cornbread oil sausages continued concentrate dusty road lagged feet brothers stacey christopher john attempting rusty mississippi dust swelling step drifting shiny black shoes cuffs corduroy pants lifting foot high setting gently meticulously neat allowed dirt tears stains mar owned today exception late school mama gonna wear threatened pulling exasperation high collar sunday dress mama wear school event special showing school bright august october morning running cool forest trails wading barefoot forest pond concession sunday clothing asking christopher john stacey pleased clothing school beginning school career found prospects intriguing ahead dirty wanna replied looking studied steps gonna stay clean
glanced dislike growing friendly christopher john glared putting short arm claude shoulder claude let ahead claude hurried road stacey generally overlooked underhanded stunts shook head dirty ya expect couldn let think goin killed riddance thought promising pulled knock block nearing crossroads deep gullies lined sides road dense forest crept edges high jagged clay walled banks suddenly stacey turned quick cried road word scrambled steep bank forest stacey ordered gazed ragged red bank sparsely covered scraggly brown briars walking say clothes dirty protested re gonna lot dirtier stay look turned watched saucer eyed bus bore spewing clouds red dust huge yellow dragon breathing fire headed bank steep ran frantically road looking foothold finding hopped bank bus sped past enveloping scarlet haze laughing white faces pressed bus windows
room gravely silent knew big trouble called clayton chester meant business knew lips parted slightly took hands book quivered eyes miss crocker book ma squeaked dirty dirty miss crocker echoed appalled temerity stood gazing bony giant raised head continued look eyes dirty think clayton chester county giving wonderful books hard times re going stand tell book dirty book lowered eyes stared book moments stood face barely visible desk turned looked remaining books realize badly soiled miss crocker looked room nodded glancing miss crocker slid book edge desk straight head returned seat miss crocker sat giving airs
mama took arm pulled cassie directing chair fireplace big ma ironing clothes peeped big ma skirts saw mama guiding stacey desk picking bodily set chair rocker christopher john left study table gathered study materials brought look tolerate foolishness big ma grew complete arithmetic assignment finished lingered opening reader watching big ma hung ironed dress heavy iron small pile embers burning corner fireplace picked iron warming tested iron tap finger put big ma waited iron hot mama bending outspread newspapers scraping dried mud field shoes papa wore daily stuffed wads newspaper shoes protect mud rain deep grade reader eyebrows furrowed concentration mama brought reader home offensive inside cover longer visible accepted book tool passing grade
cassie matter girl big ma asked thrust sticks dried pine stove rekindle dying morning fire sure takin sorrowful churn butter nothin muttered nothin big ma turned looked directly mopin round past week whoopin cough flu measles put sighed deeply continued churn big ma reached felt forehead cheeks frowning pulled hand mama entered kitchen mary feel child face warm mama cupped face thin hands feel sick cassie feel churning mama studied disturbed look big ma wore tiny frown line appeared brow cassie softly fixing dark eyes want tell verge blurting awful truth bus night remembered pact stacey swear told christopher john caravan ma began churn abruptly mama took hold churning stick eyes searching mine studied ask question faded pulled lifting lid churn
christopher john claude sitting bottom step seventh grade class building school waiting stacey front door banged open shot tore yard matter asked christopher john gonna wait stacey rest seventh grade led willie wiggins moe turner spilled building cried willie disappeared forest road moe turner yelled let goin boys dashed pursuit stood restlessly steps school ended hey going asked willie waiting round stacey demanded willie smiled stacey inside miz logan whipped today whipped cried whip stacey mama laughed willie mama christopher john exclaimed willie nodded yep front swallowed hard feeling sorry older brother bad whipped front thirty teacher mother downright embarrassing mama asked christopher john caught cheat notes history examination mama knows stacey wouldn cheat declared willie shrugged knowed sho nough whipped
watch going road maybe won bumping decent white folks nasty insult bear thought big ma jamison office saved lillian jean lip nasty properly holding temper check re afraid getting bumped walk started past ah let pass lillian jean jeremy nothin standing front reached arm attempted push sidewalk braced swept arm backward lillian jean reach caught painfully twisting shoved sidewalk road landed bottom ground simms glared gal lillian jean says yo sidewalk hear sons melvin store began ring simmses nigger cuttin jim lee asked yeah answered simms hear talkin gal pologize miz lillian jean minute stared simms frightened jeremy appeared frightened apologized
unnecessary trouble think brother died leg half blown german war red neck knock cassie anytime suits knocked girl happened yeah hanging oak yonder let mary mama big ma reaching car packard roared huge figure loomed darkness jumped side car zoomed angrily drive blackness mississippi night asked mama slowly climbed steps face glow lamp tired drained simmses didn didn mama going mama stepping waiting big ma stacey inside locked door morrison bring christopher john confidently looked bewildered happened don ominously betcha uncle hammer teach ole simms thing round hitting cassie hope knocks block mama gaze blazed think mouths say tired ma mama bed mama mama face hardened knew interest argue turned told
killed echoed fire sputtered died cried puny simmses stacey started speak mama big ma entered cautioned silence uncle hammer joined freshly shaven suit boys put coats headed door uncle hammer stopped stacey coat son asked stacey looked faded cotton jacket jacket small obvious compared christopher john mine admittedly sadder shape surprised uncle hammer ask knew mama buy clothes shifts meant wait turn clothes stacey looked mama uncle hammer yessir answered uncle hammer stared waving hand ordered stacey question uncle hammer disappeared boys room stacey looked mama says uncle hammer returned box store wrapped shiny red christmas paper fancy green ribbon handed package stacey supposed christmas present think give cold gingerly stacey took box opened
science divided groups science divided major groups group consists biological sciences deal study living things group physical sciences deal matter force energy learn chapter main branches physical science chemistry physics chemistry deals study matter physics study energy form energy study chemistry physics later course branches physical sciences include geology rocks minerals meteorology weather astronomy stars planets oceanography oceans branches related depend geologist chemistry rocks meteorologist physics air movements science helps ways drop fork visitors carry rabbit foot luck afraid break mirror bad luck silly questions believe superstitions study science help tell fact superstition age science frightened comets eclipses thunder lightning thought supernatural events explaining nature events science helped fears
physical chemical matter taking place passing ice water paraffin wax melts heated gasoline evaporates quickly tightly closed container piece chalk ground fine powder alike result substances called physical water chemically form ice steam chalk particles remain chalk matter size shape pieces gasoline remains gasoline evaporates fig matter produce substances called chemical decay dead plants souring milk rusting iron digestion food examples chemical processes substances formed chemical makeup properties original substances magnesium burns produce white powder called magnesium oxide magnesium oxide color metal luster magnesium iron rust chemically iron sweet milk chemically sour milk fig physical chemical change takes place accompanied energy change form heat absorbed energy released absorbed form light sound electricity common physical change heat absorbed melting ice boiling evaporation water
earliest childhood learning things small learn things increasingly larger earth science text help expand learn discovered earth live learn names earth features processes experience aware ordinary everyday earth materials beginning text idea consider learn learning certainly hurt try figure process learning involves processes receive information direct observation means senses collect sort information receive finally interpret information receive drawing conclusions based information present knowledge earth resulted centuries observations observations collected place able explore study kinds observations sense sight sense touch sense hearing maybe sense smell taste making direct observation
simple observation science fine providing kinds information kinds information kind instrument needed let say friends want bulletin board hallway apartment want biggest bulletin board fit wall door kitchen door hall closet want bulletin board store look size bulletin boards buy looks fit taking chance easily buy won fit friends want sure buy fit measure space wall tell person store big space want fill person store exactly size bulletin board give fill space helpful able measure length wall width doorway height shelf wondered measurements larger objects high instance tree mountain big earth find answers questions system measurement needed makes system measurement
earth surface level earth surface ups downs plains mountains valleys features seen maps show ups downs shapes earth surface features maps called topographic maps word topographic comes greek words mean place topos representation means lines grapha shapes elevations topography place map number ways accurate contour lines contour line colored brown connects places elevation height sea level land elevation measured level sea elevation contour lines shape land features elevations contour lines drawn separate elevation sea level contour lines drawn regular intervals elevation interval called contour interval contour interval difference elevation contour lines topographic map contour interval figure figure shows feature show topographic map location map hole depression shown map means short brown lines drawn contour line
seen sun rise move sky sink horizon moving earth sun learned stars move sky moving stars earth part sunlight part darkness moving earth sky ask young child moving chances child say sun stars sky move moving prove easy task earth give direct proof moving large small huge merry round easy think earth standing sky objects sky moving today daily rising setting sun caused earth motion motion stars move polaris exposure caused kind earth motion earth actually turning spinning twenty hours earth turns completely axis daily turning earth axis called rotation earth rotate axis earth axis stick passes north pole south pole globe
change closely related change makes aware change means measuring changing seasons changing shapes moon changing hour hand clock let measure today watches clocks mechanical timekeepers mechanical timekeepers existence short period natural timekeepers earth natural timekeepers include rotation earth revolution earth sun changing shapes moon early changing shapes moon track full moon full moon called month period full moon twenty half days twelve months length totaled days agree length based sun changing position sky roman emperor julius caesar devised system based moon caesar determined days account days decided add extra month february fourth extra added february known leap
earth energy comes sun sun earth frozen wasteland surface temperatures hundreds degrees sun earth atmosphere earth atmosphere blanket air surrounds earth air mixture gases dry days air atmosphere nitrogen oxygen air tiny amounts carbon dioxide hydrogen argon gases important gas found air water vapor amount water vapor atmosphere varies depending weather conditions atmosphere important filters harmful parts incoming energy sun atmosphere important absorbs stores energy lost atmosphere important means energy recycled circulated earth sun energy reaches earth atmosphere small part energy leaves sun sun sends energy directions energy strong earth million kilometers sun receives energy support sun energy carried space waves waves similar waves produced electric current moves coil electromagnet
predicting weather conditions complex task factors affect weather observed occur listen weather forecast predicts rain comes skies cloudy rain falls understand caused incorrect weather prediction heard understand relationships weather variables let begin considering relationship simple weather variables temperature pressure air temperature warmer air expands air expands spreads exerting atmospheric pressure earth surface conclude air warmer air pressure atmospheric pressure drops conclude air temperature drops air pressure increases say temperature pressure atmosphere inversely related word inversely means ways directly opposite goes goes goes goes relationship temperature pressure atmosphere happen let say temperature readings monday tuesday morning tuesday reading shows increase temperature measurements atmospheric pressure show pressure decreased remained case expect explanation related weather variables
weather climate differ weather atmospheric conditions location moment weather conditions relate weather conditions subject sudden noticeable climate hand concerned weather conditions climate concerned term patterns climate concerned weather patterns occur place period longer kind climate live factors determine climate live effect climate area climate classified according basic factors basic factor climate temperature run air temperatures location hot cold basic factor climate amount moisture precipitation run weather wet dry combinations hot cold dry wet provide simple considering earth major climates general temperatures directly related latitude latitude decreases average temperatures increase highest average temperatures general expected occur locations equator latitude lowest average temperatures expected occur north pole latitude south pole latitude figure shows major climate zones based largely average temperatures temperatures zones result kind air mass commonly found
general water table parallel earth surface shown figure ground slopes impermeable layer slopes gravity ground water move lowest level movement ground water slow small size underground pore spaces interconnections pass water table intersects earth surface slope water flow surface land place ground water flows ground called spring water springs collects hollows basins form marshes ponds lakes springs located hollow place springs ground water ponds lakes fed underwater springs spring feed water stream happens spring located hollow basin water runs downhill surface finding creating channel period type spring fed water local water table states kansas nebraska texas north dakota south dakota annual rain snow supply underground water plains region water supply water beneath plains region extending westward rocky mountains special arrangement underground rock layers
geologists scientists study origin history structure earth processes shape surface scientists geologists important today explore earth crust discover sources oil uranium geothermal power search deposits essential metallic nonmetallic minerals help plan water supply systems towns cities devise measures flood control research forecasting earthquakes volcanic eruptions topographic maps showing details earth surface geologic maps show earth rock structure observations spacecraft geologists maps moon nearer planets oceans cover nearly fourths earth surface oceanographers problems solve oceanographers special research ships measure ocean depths map ocean floor drill ocean floor study rocks history locate deposits valuable minerals oceanographers track map ocean currents chart movements icebergs break glaciers greenland antarctica study plant animal deep sea surface waters research discover effects ocean weather climate studies ocean waves undersea earthquakes oceanographers develop warning systems coastal regions threatened phenomena earth atmosphere extensive oceans covers entire earth surface reaches height hundreds kilometers weather created bottom layer
parts earth solid outer crust hidden cover loose rock sand soil cover sands deserts beaches boulders gravels bases cliffs soils farms forests muds clays swamp slimes oozes lake sea floor beneath loose material unbroken solid rock solid rock firmly attached entire mass earth called bedrock outer part crust bedrock confused unattached blocks rock known boulders deep loose rock soil covers bedrock places hundreds meters thick places cover bedrock seen surface outcrops outcrops likely hilly mountainous regions level regions road cuts rocky hills bedrock cover likely visible sources bedrock forces uncover outcrops discussed later chapters bedrock likely kind rock large area bedrock granite shale limestone sandstone familiar close inspection shows bedrock composed substances called minerals minerals include quartz mica calcite magnetite range size tiny grains pieces larger pebbles
modern geology real beginnings scotch geologist james hutton explained doctrine uniformity process called uniformitarianism hutton geologists believed physical features earth mountains canyons formed sudden spectacular events called catastrophes view catastrophes caused birth mountains formation canyons creation waterfalls general origin landforms scenery continents james hutton ideas field studies conclusion present key past meant geologic processes operating earth active past present physical features earth formed geologic processes operating periods according hutton canyon river valley formed sudden splitting earth crust formed slow steady wearing land hutton river running canyon thousands thousands today hutton principles geologists explain origin rocks geologists noted erupting lava hardens rocks similar rocks found places earth noted sands clays sea lake bottoms harden rocklike materials
ground slopes gravity rock fragments fall slide move invisibly slow speeds lower levels downslope movement large masses loose earth materials called mass movement mass movement divided rapid movements slow movements important types mass movement landslide sudden movement mass bedrock loose rock slope hill mountain cliff landslide mixed snow called avalanche large masses bedrock separated underlying layers slide steep mountains valley walls slide took place valley gros ventre river southeast grand teton national park wyoming apparently groundwater seeped permeable sandstone impermeable shale figure water lubricated contact rock layers caused large mass sandstone break side sheep mountain sandstone slid crossed valley slide dammed river forming lake miles recent disastrous landslide occurred steep slopes nevado huascaran andes mountains peru destroyed town yungay base mountain killing landslide triggered vibrations strong earthquake landslides likely occur slopes steep erosion mining activities small landslides common cliffs steep hills bordering highways
agents erosion running water effective wearing surface earth running water includes water falls earth rain snow moves downhill pull gravity begins drops water moving hillsides grows forms rivers mississippi amazon agents erosion running water energy sun sun lifts water surface oceans evaporation winds created sun heating atmosphere carry water vapor continents water falls rain snow runs sea sun energy erode lands agents erosion running water wears land ways breaks bedrock removes weathered eroded rock soil materials running water attacks bedrock chiefly mechanical means sand pebbles boulders cutting tools running water grinds hammers bed grinding action called abrasion abrasion cutting tools worn especially edges abrasion produces rounded boulders pebbles sand grains found beds streams rivers opposite page cutting tools important stream erosion clear water break rock streambed runs fast rapidly flowing water lifting effect splits moves rock fragments
glacier movement takes place number ways caused gravity geologists studied movement glaciers driving rows stakes ice side valley observe positions stakes regular intervals geologists learned glaciers move centimeters move meters learned glaciers move rapidly surface base faster center sides friction valley walls slows flow geologists seen glaciers move rapidly winters heavy snowfall faster steep slopes faster summer river valleys glacial valleys steep gentle slopes valley glacier comes steep slope fissures called crevasses form width glacier openings rarely deeper meters studies shown glacier ice brittle depth meters ice flexible pressure overlying ice alpine valley glacier moves lower warmer levels thins steadily melting evaporation glaciers extend snow line glacier reaches lowest depth level ice melts fast moves ice front glacier ends normal conditions glacier moves forward rates movement melting equal ice front stationary
learn chapter huge basaltic lava flows cover significant parts moon surface flows dark smooth areas seen earth lavas thought erupted cracks surface lunar lithosphere cracks heat needed form lava result episode bombardment huge pieces rock space bombardment certainly formed craters lava later filled eruptions continued lava flows overlap lavas resulted lunar plate tectonics evidence activity exists moon today kilometers moon lithosphere thick break move largest known volcanic cone solar system mars called olympus mons cone kilometers high kilometers distinct caldera crater top mars appears history volcanic activity slightly smaller volcanic cones occur line southeast olympus mons cones ages seen scattered mars surface especially northern hemisphere huge size martian volcanoes thought provide evidence mars moving plates surface earth mars lacks features result plate movements earth
margin continent boundary oceanic crust continental crust basic types continental margins active passive important formation mountains active continental margins plate boundaries earthquakes volcanoes mountain building result plates collide west coast south america excellent active continental margin collision dense oceanic plate dense continental plate resulted formation andes mountains continental margin volcanoes earthquakes common margin passive continental margins plate boundaries stable shallow water areas major activity buildup sediments sediments rivers flowing continents sediments skeletons shells organisms live ocean passive margin atlantic coast north america wedge sediment kilometers wide kilometers thick accumulated passive continental margins related mountain building answer margins places sediments accumulate quantity mountain mountains today passive continental margins past west coast south america passive margin million ago today course active evidenced earthquakes active volcanoes type mountain building plate collision occurs continental crustal material oceanic crustal material
salinity measure dissolved solids sea water main solids salts common salt sodium chloride salts magnesium chloride calcium sulfate occur sea water contribute amount solids dissolved water salinity determined evaporating measured quantity sea water amount solid remains water quantity dissolved salts sea water average grams sea water grams salts ratio mass salts original mass water salinity case salinity parts parts sea water written salinity ocean water varies figure average deeper waters oceans close average figure upper waters variation salinity average large amounts fresh water enter oceans occurs areas heavy rainfall equator occurs glaciers enter oceans mouths large rivers baltic sea salinity rivers glaciers drain baltic sea salinity average areas hot dry climates oceans lose water rapidly evaporation areas lie roughly latitudes north south equator
high school students feel direct contact government true contact native born american citizen government citizen birth local government issues birth certificate similar contacts continue citizen requires young attend school number basic comprehension general nature government origins relation society important citizens understand evaluate role government lives government defined political administrative institutions society put government institution found civilized society passes administers enforces laws control society exception government type formal structure legal force sure laws obeyed later force makes government unique unlike element society defining government simpler defining government question caused disagreement political scientists study political systems governments specifics government general political scientists agree essentials government government intelligent rational government government honest government lose trust
system based federal government called federalism divides political authority regional governments central government compared unitary government final political authority rests central government confederation final political authority rests independent states federal government falls federal system power authority shared central government governments according written agreement constitution chapter federalism united states outgrowth confederate system failed meet needs society learn chapters follow federalism based principle sharing powers national central government type regional governments written agreement needed maintain sharing powers central government branches nation local governments element federal system written constitution element federal system number major regional political units united states called states political subdivisions nation federal system government final authority matters sharing powers central government element federal system central government final authority matters concern nation cases central federal government restricted nation constitution taking powers belong states
disagreement social scientists exactly conditions growth development democracy authorities agree education greater economic development national culture adaptable democratic obviously education important true democracy based idea informed body citizens capable making intelligent decisions issues read write difficult gather information act intelligent manner education guarantee democracy highly educated germans rallied nazis economic development condition growth democracy economic development nation poor impossible poor nation build support school system adequate school system education limited development informed body citizens trained personnel virtually impossible economic development plays role reason studies social scientists nations economically developed nations share benefits economic prosperity democratic part nations attempt avoid large distinct classes rich poor large middle class
number ago observer american political scene noted bad officials elected citizens vote respects view correct elections play important role operation american government elections serve means controlling elected officials means converting public opinion public policy vote give chance voice government opportunity help shape governmental policies doctrine popular sovereignty mean things americans granted government powers needed act effectively behalf exercise control government ensure operates behalf americans exert control representatives government ways influence public officials nongovernmental organizations political parties pressure groups wishes known representatives government writing letters sending telegrams times means personal visits ways exerting control government depend extent elections elected officials held accountable voters election election voters reject elected official displeased part political american effective control policies operations government
basic goal political parties win elections parties concerned practical steps goal selecting strong candidates carrying successful campaign methods nominate candidates vary instances candidates offices picked party committees selected conventions increasingly means primary elections fact primary elections states campaign methods vary course election election general increasing emphasis modern communications media television partly result trend campaign costs constantly rising presenting questions problems political parties american result questions problems congress passed legislation concerning regulation campaign funding spending person nominated public office number ways depending election laws candidate local offices person wants run office merely files petition signed number qualified voters cases candidate chosen caucus candidates major offices local national selected party nominating conventions direct primary elections party nominating conventions offices national conventions began
goal presidential candidates win nomination respective political parties presidential candidates months active campaigning gather political strength candidates need win nomination party convention preconvention campaign longest difficult stage path presidency past presidential primaries considered important helped determine candidates strengths nominating convention primaries grown importance recent determined nominee convention early bid presidency candidates surround sponsors supporters aid candidates gaining nomination groups small informal twentieth century seen emergence highly specialized staffs support guide candidates efforts today staffs likely include speech writers press secretary public opinion polls analyst special skills specialized staff candidates extent measure control standing party image press candidates form strategies give votes party national convention candidates chosen vote national nominating convention candidates direct preconvention energy winning votes delegates preconvention campaign presidential candidates choices regarding strategies candidates decide declare candidacy early begin high pressure campaign ensure delegates approval months earliest primary
representatives number special privileges protect performance official duties privileges guaranteed article section constitution representative free arrest cases treason felony breach peace immunity applies member house attending session congress member session constitution representative sued statements floor congress applies committee rooms congress published official congressional record committee reports important privilege encourages free open debate important issues officers house representatives prestige power presiding officer speaker speaker house officer specifically mentioned constitution article section states house representatives chuse speaker officers speaker decides speak floor house speaker dictator easy speaker call party congress easy speaker call favor position issue speaker members house demonstrate amount fair play presiding house meetings
purpose congressional investigation public aware issue problem concentrating investigation things crime labor problems drug abuses educational deficiencies congress generally able create public interest issues reason congress wants generate public interest issue create demand government action especially true disagreement executive branch issue issue controversial congress investigations demonstrate need government action disputed issue pressure public opinion produces cooperation elements federal government real congressional investigations conducted entire membership house representatives senate investigative process carried houses committees standing committee subcommittee conducts investigation times special investigating committees created members houses interested serving committees involved investigations special knowledge skill subject investigated committee instances representatives senators interested investigating committees publicity committees receive publicity help members congress reelection members congress national attention acquired participation congressional committees attempts gain nomination presidency
concerns senators representatives representing interests constituents understandable members congress naturally feel obligation washington concerns source real pressure senators representatives member congress seldom clear cut path follow legislator constituents favor issue constituents oppose issue determining majority constituents lean perplexing problem members congress extent members vote majority constituents vote extent members exercise judgment determined lawmakers problem senators representatives extent represent national interests expense local interests representatives senators definite responsibility interests constituents aware problems facing nation times representatives senators feel compelled vote believe interests nation members congress vote promote special interests districts states critics feel senators representatives forced place national interests feel interests district vitally important
brenda jenkins brenda wants send book bag filling boxtop filled boxtop brenda makes sure writes house number writes street brenda writes community clarksville tennessee page picture clarksville clarksville called small city live large number football stadiums seats joe walker writing joe family live maple street forest park georgia forest park joe community page picture forest park forest park called suburb word suburb means city forest park suburb city atlanta georgia tell suburb picture forest park suburbs homes apartments homes garages backyards front lawns suburbs stores shopping centers live suburb jobs nearby city joe father works atlanta brenda boxtop community los california picture los los called large city tell picture million live los
neighbor lives person live neighbors neighbor neighbors neighborhood place place live neighborhoods neighorhoods neighborhood ford family moved home fords wanted neighborhood andrew jenny ford took walk neighborhood soon lost took home andrew jenny told mother happened mrs ford idea don big picture neighborhood look picture learn fords began picture took photographs camera took photograph home took photograph school took photographs stores library fords put big piece paper table ford drew streets paper andrew jenny found street pasted photograph house place photographs picture fords andrew jenny looked big picture helped learn neighborhood jenny let smaller picture
road led treegap trod herd cows say relaxed wandered curves easy angles swayed pleasant tangent top small hill ambled fringes bee hung clover cut sidewise meadow edges blurred widened pause suggesting tranquil bovine picnics slow chewing thoughtful contemplation infinite wood reaching shadows trees veered sharply swung wide arc reason think going passed side wood sense easiness dissolved road longer belonged cows abruptly property sun uncomfortably hot dust oppressive meager grass edges ragged forlorn left stood house square solid cottage touch appearance surrounded grass cut painfully quick enclosed capable iron fence feet high clearly move don want road humbly past cottages frequent forbidding village village matter jailhouse gallows
noon week august winnie foster sat bristly grass inside fence large toad squatting yards road maybe thing tomorrow asleep hard toad listening certainly winnie reason ignore fence cross boiling point boiling noticed toad living thing sight stationary cloud hysterical gnats suspended heat road winnie found pebbles base fence lack show felt flung toad missed altogether fully intended game anyway tossing pebbles angle passed gnat cloud toad gnats frantic notice intrusions pebble missed final mark toad continued squat grimace twitch possibly felt resentful asleep case gave glance ran pebbles sat tell troubles look toad thrusting arms bars fence plucking weeds side
wandered looking listening proud forget tight pruned humming trying remember pattern melody heard night ahead place light brighter ground open moved winnie stopped abruptly crouched elves thought look instinct turn run pleased discover curiosity stronger began creep forward close told close turn run sheltering tree trunk peered mouth dropped open thought running melted clearing directly front center enormous tree thrust thick roots rumpling ground ten feet direction sitting relaxed trunk boy glorious winnie lost heart thin sunburned wonderful boy thick mop curly brown hair wore battered trousers loose grubby shirt assurance silk satin pair green suspenders decorative gave finishing touch shoeless twig tucked toes foot waved twig idly sat face turned gaze branches
sky ragged blaze red pink orange double trembled surface pond color spilled paintbox sun dropping fast soft red sliding egg yolk east darkening purple winnie newly brave thoughts rescued climbed boldly rowboat hard heels buttoned boots hollow banging sound wet boards loud warm breathless quiet pond bullfrog spoke deep note warning tuck climbed pushing settling oars locks dipped silty bottom strong pull rowboat slipped bank silently glided tall water grasses whispering sides releasing surface water dimpled bright rings spread noiselessly vanished feeding tuck softly winnie looking saw hosts tiny insects skittering skating surface fishing feed dragged oars rowboat slowed began drift gently farthest end pond quiet winnie jumped bullfrog spoke tall pines birches ringed pond wood thrush caroled silver notes pure clear lovely winnie tuck voice low
treegap moonlight silvered roof touch cottage inside lamps burning yellow suit sat chair fosters spotless parlor crossing thin legs suspended foot began rhythmic jiggling hung hat knee smiled eyes nearly closed soon saw arrived destination turned directly thought staying looking course worry lifted hand ignoring exclamations began smooth thin hairs beard thoughtfully looking wood exactly door mean deal pleasant neighbors understand wouldn cut trees barbarian wouldn find gestured white fingers smiled face crinkling pleasantly friends think girl re friends relief safely home wouldn clicked tongue frowned dreadful thing kidnapping fortunate witness
morning row winnie foster woke early ring trees pond birds celebrating giving brass band worth greeting winnie freed twisted quilt window mist lay surface water light pale looked unreal felt unreal waking hair wild dress crumpled rubbed eyes dewy weeds window toad hopped suddenly view winnie peered eagerly course wasn toad remembering toad toad thought fondly home weeks heard step loft stairs thought jesse cheeks flamed miles parlor saw smiled whispered re awake help catch fish breakfast winnie careful noise climbed rowboat seat stern miles handed cane poles watch hooks warned jar bait pork fat cut pieces big brown night moth fluttered oar blades propped seat wobbled fragrant air
longest mindlessly hot unspeakably hot hot move think countryside village treegap wood lay defeated stirred sun ponderous circle edges roar sound blazing glare remorseless fosters parlor curtains drawn actual presence shut winnie mother grandmother sat plaintive afternoon parlor fanning sipping lemonade hair unsettled knees loose totally unlike lapse gentility interesting winnie didn stay took brimming glass room sat rocker window hidden jesse bottle bureau drawer wait hall room grandfather clock ticked deliberately unimpressed impatience winnie found rocking rhythm forward forward tick tock tick tock tried read quiet concentrate glad supper manage nibble later winnie fence saw sky changing clouding thickening direction blank blue haze
week august autumn weeks feeling begun downward arc wheel turning slowly soon faster turning changeless sweep change winnie standing fence front touch cottage hear note voices birds clouds lifted chattering sky wood settled lift road goldenrod coming bloom early drying milkweed opened rough pod exposing host downy headed seeds watched detached sudden breeze sailed sedately leaned pod observe departure winnie dropped cross grass weeks night storm night mae tuck escape mae found trace tuck miles jesse winnie profoundly grateful profoundly tired trying weeks hundredth reviewed constable cell soon settled cot let shutter window rain stood hunched blanket breath heavy trying look large finally till morning
sign welcome treegap hard believe treegap main street changed streets crossing main street road blacktopped white line painted center mae tuck seat clattering wooden wagon bumped slowly treegap fat horse seen continuous change accustomed shocking sad look tuck look mae wood stick stump left cottage hard recognize hill lain village part thought figure things yes mae believe course tell gas station young greasy coveralls polishing windshield wide rusty hudson automobile mae tuck rolled past young grinned driver hudson lounged wheel looky country big chuckled mae tuck clattered village proper past catholic mixture houses soon gave shops places business hotdog stand dry cleaner pharmacy ten gas station tall white frame building pleasant verandah treegap hotel family dining easy rates
children stood gate bright october sunlight silent figurines gift shop window watching step took slowly flagstone walk lawn weak sickness stricken mother days played neighborhood children strong breeze afternoon remember brown oak leaf floated rested red hair boy group funny shining leaf looked girl hair bow boy head seconds forgot feeling bewilderment desolation wanted laugh silly look boy huge flat hair bow red head didn remembered quickly laughter stared blank manner young children confronted uncertainty late hot dry days august played saw touched sorrow unknown suddenly stranger solemn faces reflected warning mothers kind julie kind smallest finally spoke child high piping voice look determination suddenly decided bottom piece mysterious gossip
suddenly catapulted hard envied laura home rose cream colored room closets full mother dresses father smell cigar study ate meals dining room school young known thought kinder laura christopher didn realize seventeen laura adaptability readiness forget christopher thought mother early days cried homesick times sense security family days slipped memory mother grew fainter rooms house awesome fearful familiar pleasant school compensations uncle haskell huge joke aunt cordelia challenge aunt cordelia teacher guardian small white schoolhouse taught young girl teacher gave sign knowing children called miss cordelia stood desk slender erect plain tailored suit rich brown gray hair coiled braids head looked proper respect expected
times escape quiet austerity aunt cordelia gay land uncle haskell welcomed neat living room wall shelves filled equally books bottles spite fact knew truth wasn gave delight listening accounts mythical roamed capitals europe loved courted intelligentsia wit books written unfortunately print failing charm erudition uncle haskell emerge blooming book appeared magnum opus carefully sight rooms strange thought happened call uncle haskell sheet paper typewriter wouldn considered polite mention matter heard distance telephone calls publishers patient gentlemen urged magnum opus agreed spring overnight justifiable suspicions integrity liked uncle haskell recognized fact credit discrimination character dear child told lightly adam sister carted nunnery re careful disown
staying york suppose jonathan eltwing asked think say silence awkward week ten days hope longer leave girls rumpled hair grinned inwardly aunt cordelia robbed stabbed drawn quartered uncle haskell known wasn sure greatly concerned known mrs eltwing thank thank moment pure delight dear lady murmured bowed slightly dr eltwing jonathan adam nodded father evening cordelia julie sweetheart flash glory relieved ended mrs eltwing stood piano looking face full bewilderment disappointment jonathan asked husband low voice chagrined uncle haskell dramatic entrance forget introduction cordelia brother darling haskell bishop beautiful beautiful yes katy dr eltwing gently turned speaking quietly things hour pleasant conversation joined mrs eltwing sat close husband leaning lightly shoulder smiling
remembered universities careers persons married word deceased written names kilpin agnes deceased read late roster autumn approached supposed aunt cordelia sad september entered classroom student teacher lost family feared heartsick lonely aunt cordelia didn heartsick school comes september told intend stand quietly sunlight lay hands bark tallest trees say part finished gather armful autumn flowers move slowly breathe deeply clean air free chalk dust maybe peach preserves afternoon reread chapters pride prejudice walk woods call helen trevort cora peters fix nice dinner jonathan katy eltwing intend savor minute aunt cordelia didn talk ordinarily anticipating freedom september couldn believe
led inside ran telephone called husband jonathan eltwing soon spoke wife heard drop receiver bothering put hook living room turned lights uncle haskell helped disheveled woman armchair stood looking apparently perplexed uncertain mrs eltwing looked fright leave eyes suddenly recognized friend light shone tiny beads mist covered uncle haskell blond hair fascinated beautiful beautiful whispered kind beautiful afraid took hand pressed cheek uncle haskell glanced consternation dear mrs eltwing stammered dear lady apparently notice discomfiture continued look seeing gave complete happiness sadness condition laughed incredulous frantic expression noticed slippers feet torn stockings wore cut bleeding brought basin warm water soft towel prepared bathe feet resisted turned imploringly uncle haskell hesitated extended basin doubt grandmother bishop darling performed personal service seconds knelt katy eltwing bathed dried feet tenderly father circumstances
grandpa alicia wish danny boy friend small gossip continued laughed don think chance sweetheart danny girl don want boy friend married want stay julies room summer sweet sad days autumn moved fun commenced didn danny eden chris school danny heavy aunt cordelia putting storm windows week cutting tree leaned electric power line felt eden entered college treated dull younger sister sat window nights early fall likely stay julie room niece visit matter autumn days sadder usual fall talk carlotta brett kingsman gossip danny told drove home town attended college rode sitting front seat side younger freshmen sophomores packed
callous thought later centered remark worthy uncle haskell face told words sympathy empty inadequate offer grim days ahead instinctively felt love trying write uncle haskell told telling confidence wondered read stuff criticize warn bad wanted tell certainly uncle haskell ambition drawn urgent necessity obvious delight eyes worth relinquishing secret cut walk short asked bring manuscripts immediately later evening danny walked past carriage house apartment saddle horses ride saw uncle haskell sitting table glasses astride nose sheaf papers hand manuscript gave considered odds german musician telling story youth sufferings cold rat infested attic composed music
graduation exercises alike dreadfully routine members processional trembling beneath academic robe sound organ announces trembling bright faced relatives audience commencement unique wonderful alicia jaded ceremonies admitted special thrill night line walked solemnly middle aisle auditorium ned lawrence salutatorian valedictorian took places stage dean evans dear jonathan eltwing deliver commencement address remember looking platform faces laura blue eyes suspiciously bright film tears bill whispering small julie looking nodded whispering clasped unclasped hand surreptitious wave father alicia holding hands smiling christopher arms folded trying look serene detached danny nervously openly chewed thumbnail gesture knew continue convinced wouldn collapse speak finally end row aunt cordelia stiffly erect poised confident niece maiden speech
mother send beregszasz spend summers grandparents komjaty open fields river forest ukrainian village playground color wild flowers feel forest sound water humming insects warmth animals experiences play learned rose rooster crowing roamed dusk strange clothes habits quickly familiar language ukrainian babi spoke yiddish hungarian ukrainian babi learn yiddish soon ask questions languages impending war rest europe mother komjaty spend spring holidays babi older sister rozsi mother wanting babi live death grandpa rosner decided send girls turn stay babi started lilli oldest lilli babi companion met husband lajos komjaty summer romance married sixteen rozsi turn join babi babi rozsi thrived farm shared babi love animals fertility fields komjaty predictable simple
weeks later porch spotted ferenc distance stopped gate flattered remembered ran szervusz piri greeted grandmother horse water grandma fields think give water inside strange feeling babi explain fit babi took space needed felt crush tried hide fear coming official business yes trip regularly official business mean deliver rules government taking water bucket kitchen ran road neighbor ferenc led horse trough water clearer babi mountain spring drew water bucket looked yard ferenc standing shade babi plum trees large rigid umbrella white blossoms reading thoughts suddenly removed helmet shook feathers free petals helmet looked younger human
listened shred news farmers brought szolos market hoping settlement borders set trains komjaty beregszasz motion babi spent prayer grew longer supper put angora shawl prayer book sit armchair facing front window absorbed reading notice fading light evening rozsi sitting porch find babi bent book bedroom dark shadows babi tell ruin eyes reading dark rozsi lighting kerosene lamp reading prayers fifty part book open case forget word babi asked don bored reading book piri grow bored book read recite find meaning words traditions laws jewish household babi closed book sat silence rested finished told thanks passing asked forgiveness sins expressed hope peace
exciting beregszasz big houses city generated kind energy absent komjaty family turned welcome train station mother lilli iboya carried suitcase baskets ran manci sandor standing baby buggy big pictured joli cooed waved arms sparkling blue eyes square shoulders resembled sandor father group family gyar street grateful find deserted ready face friends mother closed gate walked kitchen iboya lilli took children bedroom hungry mother removed stove ring red enamel pot exposing coals minutes later dipped spoon simmering mixture filled plate hot porkolt sight large chunks veal held thick paprika gravy mouth water eat urged wash change clothes friends savored tender spicy porkolt babi bland dishes finished lilli holding baby appeared doorway mother wants transform city girl handed joli
days later returned home school find lilli kitchen mother asked unison door opened mother dressed clothes taking coat handing iboya sat heavily kitchen chairs began speak ran feet going places told visas send girls america don talking passage boat matter americans going home families visas applied tell children tried pleaded cried tried bribe impression listened guess heard seen waiting lines speak officials women babies arms story tell listen clerk told listen lady influence boat america think going mother bent picked purse took bulging envelope held filled bank notes babi mother passage try mother
walking home school late october woman infant arms approached asked wavering voice speak yiddish nodded running slovakia hungry point jewish door follow home sure mother give eat yiddish woman walking close houses reached kitchen started explain mother pushed lifted infant black peasant shawl woman shoulders child needs water cradling infant arm free hand scooped small cup water bucket forced child mouth lilli spooned vegetable soup simmering stove dish set table god bless pretty lady slovakian woman yiddish sat stool began gulp steaming soup mother asked lilli fill washbasin water wash baby watched infant kicking enjoying sensation warm bath mother lifted infant basin wrapped towel left kitchen taking baby woman began talk
mid january mother school iboya morning received telegram lajos parents telling telegraph office receive telephone call iboya home sandor joli mother took telegraph office glass wall desk told sit wait notified call mother biting knuckle fourth finger anticipation telephoning urgent message god knows hear looked seated restless frightened nervous talk telephone asked mother budapest answered young woman called brother office excited thought speaking hours train let listen asked yes mother don things arranged voice glass wall called mrs davidowitz call ready number mother jumped confusion knowing number pointed booth remember hold receiver putting end ear
find lilli asked don lilli lajos worry sick child hands god knows mother talking rambling fell asleep chair home school mother working kitchen mrs gerber sitting listening mother told trip playing quietly corner offering read story books took bedroom couldn bear hear mother failure find lilli mrs gerber left dusk iboya kitchen help supper preparations finished eating knocked door opened admit worried looking lujza quickly saw mother handed coat looking relieved mother hoped home happened find lilli manci mother began clear table sit lujza tea going send piri store afternoon tell mrs gerber forgot sorry worried trip big failure lujza sat mother iboya continued clean
iboya find makeshift school agreeable concentrate unruly noisy classroom developed frequent headaches lengthy discussions mother possibility quitting school finding mother insisted stay school sixteen mother pointed impossible jewish girl find friday afternoon early spring mother cleaning fish schwartz brought schwartz sat table sipping hot broth iboya school face white eyes narrowed pain headache mother asked yes answered setting books asking mother aspirin mother handed aspirin bottle cupboard exclaimed restless school fun young quit don iboya began repeating argument heard times don learn anyway interested learning wars grandfathers fought war doors schwartz interrupted looking directly iboya fifteen lujza taking zionist club mother iboya answer schwartz question impressed mission mother knew iboya secret
velveteen rabbit beginning splendid fat bunchy rabbit coat spotted brown white real thread whiskers ears lined pink sateen christmas morning sat wedged top boy stocking sprig holly paws effect charming things stocking nuts oranges toy engine chocolate almonds clockwork mouse rabbit hours boy loved aunts uncles dinner rustling tissue paper unwrapping parcels excitement looking presents velveteen rabbit forgotten lived toy cupboard nursery floor thought naturally shy velveteen expensive toys snubbed mechanical toys superior looked full modern ideas pretended real model boat lived seasons lost paint caught tone missed opportunity referring rigging technical terms rabbit claim model didn real rabbits existed thought stuffed sawdust understood sawdust date mentioned modern circles
boy uncle real ago real unreal lasts rabbit sighed thought magic called real happened longed real felt idea growing shabby losing eyes whiskers sad wished uncomfortable things happening person called nana ruled nursery took notice playthings lying reason swooping wind hustled cupboards called tidying playthings hated especially tin rabbit didn mind thrown soft evening boy going bed couldn find china dog slept nana hurry trouble hunt china dogs bedtime simply looked seeing toy cupboard door stood open swoop bunny sleep dragged rabbit ear put boy arms night nights velveteen rabbit slept boy bed
weeks passed rabbit grew shabby boy loved loved hard loved whiskers pink lining ears turned grey brown spots faded began lose shape scarcely looked rabbit boy beautiful rabbit cared didn mind looked nursery magic real real shabbiness matter boy ill face grew flushed talked sleep body hot burned rabbit held close strange nursery light burned night velveteen rabbit lay hidden sight bedclothes stirred afraid found knew boy needed weary boy ill play rabbit found dull snuggled patiently looked forward boy garden flowers butterflies play splendid games raspberry thicket
end october cold raw wind whipped dead leaves ankles grouped sunset towers driveway shivered stocky broad shouldered doorman uniform standing feet spread fists hips sandy mcsouthers slim trim high school seniors shielding eyes stinging chill theo theodorakis doug hoo small wiry pointing house hill otis amber sixty delivery boy faced north gaping statues cast moment discovery turtle wexler kite tail braid flying raced bicycle driveway look look smoke smoke coming chimney westing house seen think looking anyway turtle leaned handlebars panting breath sunset towers excellent schools barney northrup promised junior high miles think think westing naw otis amber delivery boy answered seen supposed living private island south seas folks say dead dead say corpse big house say body sprawled fancy oriental rug flesh rotting mean bones maggots creeping eye sockets crawling nose holes
mean corpse rotting oriental rug kind persian rug maybe chinese rug hoo joined son glass sidewall floor restaurant wasting precious listening overaged delivery boy overactive imagination studying question doug father asked questions don shrug study sure dad doug jogged kitchen arguing school tomorrow track practice jogged stairs matter excuse gave study father say study jogged hoos rear apartment stretched bare floor repeated study twenty sit ups customers expected dinner hour shin hoo restaurant seat hundred hoo slammed reservations book shut pressed hand pain ample stomach unwrapped chocolate bar devoured quickly acid etched ulcer home westing won easy small delicate woman white apron stood silence restaurant east window stared longingly boundless gray distance side lake michigan lay china sandy mcsouthers saluted maroon mercedes swung curved driveway stop entrance opened car door ceremony reserved judge ford
thump thump thump coming crow eyes lowered word sat otis amber dark cloud passed face eased tight shoe table thump thump thump expected heir arrived hello sorry late haven adjusted sydelle pulaski waved gaily painted crutch air tottered set quickly thump crutch crutch horrible word guess pursed bright red mouth painted fullness narrow line lips trying suppress smile triumph staring knew notice happened pulaski otis amber asked pull turtle braid likely visited wexler foot butcher sandy suggested sydelle pleased hear defense loud click tongue blinked false eyelash offensive remarks poise call reported bravely sort wasting disease pity live remaining enjoying precious full thump thump thump secretary side room avoiding oriental rug cushion thump purple striped crutch end table exaggerated hips exaggerated wavy stripes white purple dress
heavy charms sydelle pulaski bracelet clinked clunked raised full fork flourished practiced ritual aiming open mouth chris movements jerkier person thought thinks maybe love let help delicious sweet sour ostrich laughter drowned loud groan table turtle sat transistor radio plugged ear stock market dropped twelve points starved let sit eat head held high grace wexler led husband restaurant want corned beef sandwich guided tour prefer sit young lady thought going sit seated grace replied jimmy mean hoo order shortly jake snatched menu wife watched glide gracefully admit reservations desk whisper hoo ear jimmy calls fine kettle fish exclaimed turned dinner companion fine kettle fish hungry sounds looks menu okay turtle replied final prices actively traded stocks rumbling ear hoo waddled recommend striped bass tell kettle fish
friday normal actions suspicious heirs competing hundred million dollar prize considered normal school theo studied doug hoo ran turtle principal office caught transistor radio plugged ear coffee shop full diners shin hoo restaurant reopened ford presided bench sandy mcsouthers presided front door whistling chatting collecting tidbits gossip adding flora baumbach strained eyes shielded dark glasses drove turtle school broker office picked late afternoon sheet prices copied moving tape lost days paper losses turtle mean thing didn pick stocks westing dressmaker thought clue chris dropped stock symbol letters resembled word plain flora baumbach played fair secret stood driveway melting snow shivering sun dropped sunset towers jogged place smoke risen chimney fateful halloween stared westing house murder minds looked peaceful murdered turtle sneezed sandy handed westing tissue doug replied seen murdered
flora baumbach braided turtle hair strands twined ribbons turtle read wall street journal listen newly elected chairman board westing paper products corporation julian eastman announced london conferring european management earnings divisions expected double quarter nice flora baumbach understanding word turtle gave order listen carefully soon broker office want sell amo sell sea sell mt put money wpp okay meant selling stock mentioned clues buying shares westing paper products loss thousands dollars say alice re smart flora baumbach hands gentle hurried pulled stray hair flora baumbach loved tell call alice turtle call mrs baumbach anymore bomb scare calling flora spoil maybe call mrs baba baba exactly turtle alice wanted hear daughter rosalie smart baba re smartest child met real businesswoman turtle glowed wall street journal bet rosalie baked bread patched quilts dumb stuff dressmaker sure fingers fumbled red ribbons weaving strand braid
hoo furious haven game playing complained led confessed bomber judge ford rapped silence walnut gavel presented associates appointment higher court higher court lowest court presided thirteen lawyer court stenographer records polish judge african robes played sam westing game play turtle game similarity astounding turtle looked uncle sam acted ladies gentlemen turtle began stand court prove samuel westing dead sandy mcsouthers dead crow didn pacing floor hands confronted heirs turn hard stare heirs stared knowing jury accused grace wexler blinked daughter district attorney jake replied sleep frowning smiling secret smile turtle acted part brilliant lawyer seen television win impossible case flaw imitation occasional rapid twist head liked grown feeling shorter hair swishing face let begin beginning began september moved sunset towers months later halloween smoke seen rising chimney deserted westing house
turtle told library saturday afternoon explained partly true move turtle don want late wedding ceremony held shin hoo restaurant grace wexler recovered record hangover draped white cloth liquor bottles set spray roses bar drinks served today radiant wedding gown white heirloom lace bride walked aisle past tables arm jake wexler hoo beamed pride light footsteps supported knee knocking nervous groom fine red line scar marked angela cheek looked content lovely pale blue bridesmaid gown bridesmaid wore pink yellow matching crutches guests cried wedding laughed reception flora baumbach smiled cried job altering wedding dress baba turtle dressmaker cry harder toast bride groom jake announced raising glass ginger ale crow otis amber heirs uncle sam westing clinked glasses members salvation soup kitchen sobered happy occasion crow otis amber apartment bare judge ford stared side window cliff westing house stood
turtle spent night bedside eighty julian eastman wexler master degree business administration advanced degree corporate law served legal counsel westing paper products corporation million dollars stock market lost million turtle voice weak die eyes sandy wouldn believe show respect change lawyer thanks expensive education judge judge ford appointed united states supreme court honest josie jo supreme court smart kid beat chess tell turtle poor saintly crow crow otis slopping soup turtle fibbed crow otis amber died ago week funny woman painted crutches sydelle pulaski schultz husband moved hawaii angela keeps touch angela pretty sister bomber turtle knew knew angela orthopedic surgeon julian eastman suddenly mind westing game wearing dentures chipped front tooth turned happiest times
sky start end earth makes night asked questions thousands finding answers easy today answers questions unanswered questions earth find answers book earth land water air things earth tell visitors planet planet earth say list things tell today travel thousands kilometers space earth round ago thought flat looked land lived flat traveled place land flat learn earth shape page ways globe show earth round globe model earth model looks thing shows model cars look real cars globe looks earth shaped ball covered map map shows land water earth globe names parts earth called land islands continents
hemisphere big place land hemisphere easier find place earth hemisphere united states continent north america address united states north america northern hemisphere planet earth continent north america find globe address give names land water earth names oceans globe hemispheres equator goes earth turn globe turn globe earth need earth need map shows earth earth round mapmakers earth flat fit page map globe try put parts earth leaves holes map happen earth equator poles mapmakers holes page stretch map try stretch oceans stretch land land poles stretched oceans stretched
mountains affect live live andes mountains live differently live low land llamas travel llama animal climb mountains thick fur warm farm andes mountains plant crops grow level mountain mountains warm parts cold parts higher colder villages andes family grows crops small pieces land levels foods family live mountain tops live islands islands tops underwater mountains drained water oceans find land find mountains mountains dive underwater tops surrounded water look drawing land pacific ocean land water islands flat land hills mountains stick sea level islands ocean pacific ocean islands thousands islands pacific islands small walk islands big hawaii islands big islands islands hawaii
live places earth part ways living special live called culture culture parts words songs sing part culture clothes wear homes build part live live environments puzzle pieces include rain sunshine plants animals add change parts environment culture tools ideas things need live unit learn cultures environments parts earth read environment decide affected decided live culture special learn culture looking listening thinking shows living ago farming important part culture north america hunting hunted farmed places lived places called wilderness ago kentucky part wilderness boone family chose live boones trail kentucky daniel boone cut woods part trail cumberland gap
things show important things important called values look pictures lived north america ago values part culture pictures show values culture flags signs values culture country flag stands country put flags front buildings carry parades carry flag shows stands holidays show values culture values united states share thanksgiving americans think fourth july cultures change move places learn ways living try ideas change visit parts bring home goods ideas home things ago chocolate south america later mexico learned europe visited americas things brought home cocoa beans chocolate eat chocolate lands think idea fits culture north north america journey snow dogsleds
tuaregs herders care groups animals live plants spend looking plants animals eat hard find plants live tuaregs raise goats camels food clothes tools homes animals easy goats camels food tuaregs animals meat drink milk camels goats cheese camel milk goat milk yogurt camel goat skins tuaregs sandals bags weave camel hair cloth blankets tents cloth tuaregs need blankets tents homes family tent visited tuareg family hear poems music tuareg women write poems women sing poems songs women charge children teach live desert teach story things tell children read stop think tell tuaregs tell sahara camel makes fun brother hump moon light sun burns fire foolish passes drinking
tree trees roots reach water roots trees branches winter trees lose leaves roots look branches tree picture page roots roots hold tree water food ago americans trees ways wove cloth bark tools branches trees called trees brothers settle continent north america cleared land trees build homes plow trees called wood trees cut lumber lumber word mean heavy trash wood trees cut burned left lying ground cultures learned trees give wood cut trees soon problems dry weather soil blow wet weather rain wash soil trees held soil place rain ground soak water
grows grass works roots water minerals soil stem carries plant food leaves plants seeds grow grass seeds food eat corn eating grass seeds grow grass sunshine soil rain places grass centimeters inches rain rain rain falls land grass grow map pages find grasslands grasslands big places hectares land covered thick grass imagine town city buildings streets imagine grass idea grassland continents find grasslands latitudes find grasslands north america states grasslands map page help find states part north america grasslands lots grass grass grassland earth pasture pasture place animals eat grass fence land pastures animals move animals place place find grass
recipe farming soil rain sunshine resources grasslands find grasslands earth parts recipe farming needed need farmers farmers need tools tools change grasslands farmlands farming grasslands easy farmers solve problems dig land water plants grow plant grasslands farmers need break top ground hard grass roots hold soil roots weave ground strong net farmer break roots ago farmers broke plows tried plant grasslands plows wood today farmers strong metal plows break ground metal plows cut grass roots farmers plant seeds farmers machines dig weeds field weeding called cultivation cultures farmers weed fields hand farmers larger fields machines hand grassland farmers bring water irrigate fields places farmers pumps pipes bring water fields places farmers buckets carry water fields look map pages
order determine idea merit scientist searches reference materials past solve problem ideas related problem discussed experts field study prevents needless repeating clues gained forming trial solutions problem trial solution problem hypothesis called educated guess based learned scientist gathers evidence problem hypotheses tested rejected problem solved scientists establish set procedures test hypothesis set procedures called experiment accurate date records results communicated enables repeat experiment verify results setting scientific experiment guidelines important controlled experiment set duplicate procedures identical carried step carried procedure omitted known variable variable part investigation designed test hypothesis procedure includes variable known experiment procedure variable omitted called control suppose scientist wanted check effect heat energy production electrical energy wires kinds
physical tiny atom farthest reaches space composed matter energy physics science deals matter energy interrelationship matter occupies space mass mass quantity matter contained object energy capacity ability movement force distance accomplished exertion energy physicists learn makeup physical organize knowledge physicists devised set laws related information gained laws revised changed early law physics stated aristotle rate fall object depends weight detect error law knowledge science gathered break smaller areas sciences deals specialized area science contributes knowledge study physics dealing sciences main branches science physics deals matter energy chemistry deals matter biology study living things science physics subdivided specialties biophysics geophysics astrophysics nuclear physics scientific pure basic science scientist searches answers questions special interest applications
force push pull produce prevent stop motion look bowler picture runs foul line force gravity attracted center earth swings ball inertia tends pulled hand force friction bowler able stop crossing foul line molecular forces ball alley bowler flying force gravity responsible weight weight measure gravitational attraction objects weigh pounds attracted center earth force pounds mass amount matter body mass matter weight varies depending mass object distance center gravitational force greater mass object greater weight farther object center planet weigh earth perfect sphere flatter poles equator poles closer center gravity equator object weighing pounds equator weigh pounds poles sir isaac newton english scientist developed law universal gravitation according law bodies universe attract force directly proportional masses inversely proportional square distance
learned fluids liquids gases exert pressures directions upward force exerted liquid opposes gravity objects completely partly submerged liquid weigh air upward force called buoyancy objects float buoyant force buoyancy resulting apparent loss weight explain scuba diver wear heavy air tanks weight tanks insignificant water huge blue whale feet weigh pounds largest animal planet tremendous weight supported buoyant force water land animals reach size bath place ice cube glass water ice cube displace amount fluid water level rises archimedes famous greek mathematician related buoyancy weight fluid displaced explain objects float sink archimedes principle states object immersed fluid lose weight apparent loss weight equal weight fluid displaced principle restated object immersed fluid buoyed force equal weight fluid displaced buoyancy weight displaced fluid throw piece solid metal water sinks metal ocean liner weighing thousand tons floats
motion continuing change position object relative point reference sitting flying airplane moving answer question depends point reference sit seat motionless respect airplane motion respect earth detect motion point reference needed high plane earth looked window saw empty sky able detect motion point reference fluffy white clouds finally view motion compare motion clouds rate object moves called speed speed object thought object travels unit continues move speed miles hour mi hr mph feet ft sec units express speed speed learned scalar quantity magnitude size quantity describing motion body give complete description speaking velocity speed velocity vector quantity describes things moving body direction magnitude distance moved unit automobile traveling rate miles hour refer speed
matter electrical nature found walked rug touched metal doorknob matter possesses electric forces property transferred object objects touch close understand structure atom matter atoms atom tiny core called nucleus nucleus positively charged particles called protons electrically neutral particles called neutrons negatively charged particles called electrons orbit nucleus ordinary atoms number protons electrons electrically neutral electrical charge materials rub electrical charge negative positive result object protons electrons positively charged object electrons protons negatively charged pass hard rubber comb hair electrons move hair comb comb excess electrons negatively charged glass rod stroked piece silk electrons pass rod silk glass rod fewer electrons protons positively charged according law charges unlike charges attract charges repel feel electric shock touch doorknob large number charges collect surface body due friction shoes rug
imagine light constant blackness earth light plants energy needed growth plants animals food planet frozen mass fortunately earth sun light light form energy known radiant energy light travels outward straight lines directions source space light travels short transverse waves latin prefix trans means transverse wave particles energy transmitted vibrate angles direction wave motion light waves electric magnetic energy called electromagnetic waves light travels space speed miles enormous speed light sun million miles reaches earth approximately minutes large distances involved distances space measured light light distance light travels trillion miles proxima centauri nearest star earth sun light exact nature light unknown sir isaac newton thought light stream tiny particles corpuscles emitted source directions dutch scientist named christian huygens thought light series waves
color object depends wavelengths light object absorbs transmits reflects white objects reflect wavelengths light black objects absorb wavelengths reflected black frequently called absence color green object green transparent objects glass air water transmit light readily allowing objects seen easily translucent objects readily allow light penetrate greatly scatter light making difficult objects oil spot piece paper frosted light bulbs examples translucent objects opaque objects prevent transmission nearly light rays light passes object wavelengths absorbed color object black depends wavelengths transmitted green object appears green absorbs wavelengths capable producing green color light transmitted retina eye brain actual interpretation color takes place light passes optically dense substance velocity reduced greater density greater reduction velocity ratio velocity light air vacuum velocity substance called index refraction water index refraction meaning light travels times faster air water
heat transferred objects temperatures equilibrium point reached objects temperature heat energy travels hotter object higher temperature colder object lower temperature heat travels object object ways conduction convection radiation solids transfer heat conduction process energy added solid increases molecular motion heat energy transferred molecule molecular collisions molecules moving rapidly process heat transfer continue part solid temperature average molecular motion heat transmitted end metal rod opposite end conduction heat resulting friction transferred conduction metals copper aluminum conductors heat nonmetals brick wood asbestos rock wool insulation air rubber poor conductors heat heat insulators chief method heat transfer liquids gases called convection fluid heated portion heated expands dense dense portion rises surrounding colder denser fluid sinks moves place heated process takes place convection current set transfers heat process continue temperature exists fluid hot air furnaces boilers hot water heaters heating atmosphere oceans dependent transfer heat convection
spaceship speeds universe crew members alien beings home star voyage exploration mission search planets spaceship approaching star huge powerful source energy crew members peer bright spot view screen star planets masses cooler substances turning planets suddenly excitement aboard craft instruments spotted small planet close spaceship instruments sweep darkness ahead searching planets total builds planets million miles close vast distances space planet spins top moving huge oval star planets vary greatly size biggest times larger smallest smaller star planet moves star distance farthest star billion miles billion kilometers planet closest star million miles million kilometers spaceship solar system solar system group planets bodies revolving star star sun planets turn earth neighbors
thank plant thought silly sounds plant importance live earth survive think chapter color leaves grass things visitors space noticed earth planet sun plant shades green told visitors exists vegetation source earth animals gas called oxygen need breathe food growth energy animals eat plants vegetables fruits animals eat animals feed plants cattle hogs addition oxygen food vegetation supplies important things fuel clothing paper medicine material buildings plants trees offer shade homes animals protection wind provide pleasure beauty centuries learned earth plant suit needs wants changed natural vegetation land original plant putting land agriculture farming wild grasses grew planted corn wheat forests cleared fields rice deserts turned orchards limit plants grow earth plants grow areas grow poorly
forces volcanoes earthquakes today active past molten rock beneath crust pushed land surface upward poured top hardened cement scientists believe continents today joined continents lie hard sections crust known plates ages ago scientists believe plates gradually pushed pressures molten rocks continents drifted present positions pressures crust twisted split surface continents ways ways place piece paper flat desk fingers resting end push gently piece paper represents large section earth surface produced land surfaces change gentler ways seen mud washed bottom hill heavy rain seen sand dunes shifted wind seen overhanging cliffs waves worn rocks examples erosion wearing land water wind erode soil rock carry place glaciers slowly moving masses ice times distant past earth cold periods known ice ages ages vast glaciers changed shape earth land surface periods erosion water wind ice scrape mountain tops gouge valleys build hills shift coastlines
approach winnipeg manitoba east west drive canada find change trans canada highway widens lanes local traffic city winnipeg trans canada highway car truck bus route linking points east west cross country railroad lines canada pass winnipeg look map page series lakes extends miles kilometers north winnipeg blocking east west land routes north lakes population density person square mile square kilometers cross country routes pass narrow densely settled strip land south transportation bigger problem canada contiguous states canada prairie lands farming cut east miles kilometers forested land canadian shield land farming lightly settled north lakes superior huron travel hours seeing occasional cluster houses development prairies sense settlers find markets grew cross country railroad bridged gap prairies prospered modern highways bridged gap decades
traveling country road latin america meet central american guatemalan woman indian ancestors woman spanish ancestors woman speaks spanish woman speaks indian language roman catholic follower indian religion met answer today backgrounds cultures found latin america share region inhabited american indians believed million indians lived highly advanced civilizations central america maya built cities palaces pyramids created system picture writing calendar accurate european calendar maya developed efficient farming methods carried lively trade neighbors aztecs lived today southern mexico developed agriculture erected large buildings built city called tenochtitlan bigger city europe andes mountains inca indians ruled empire spread present ecuador peru bolivia incas built roads bridges linked part mountain empire lived cities built stones fitted mortar job walls inca buildings stand today incas developed advanced farming methods
section met miguel flores lives village oaxaca page makes living directly land kinds farms small plot raises corn simple hand tools large modern farm machinery fertilizers farms typical worlds mexican farming today mexico farms produce large amounts food country land surface farmed mountainous lacks rain recent decades huge irrigation projects greatly increased areas farmed eighth mexico total land surface suitable growing crops hundreds spanish conquest majority mexicans land worked large estates called haciendas owned wealthy families spanish descent farm workers debt landowners leave estates mexico poor farmers began revolution main demands land democratic government power government began break large estates divide landless farmers today privately owned farms limited acres hectares vast areas land shared land communities families individuals
northwest part france large rocky peninsula called brittany juts english channel atlantic ocean live peninsula known bretons brittany bretons sound familiar names chapter read britain called britons fact live brittany descendants early britons read chapter anglo saxons invaders stormed britain celtic britons fled distant parts country left country altogether crossed english channel settled northwestern peninsula france today brittany speak celtic language similar welsh french language stems latin language ancient romans roman commander julius caesar conquered france century romans called country gaul gaul soon adopted language customs romans gradually changed language germanic tribes later conquered gaul added words language powerful tribes franks gave country france romans ruled country influence remained strong today france considered latin country french romance language brittany parts france speak languages addition french western pyrenees french basques
brilliant comet lighting night sky called halley comet english astronomer named edmund halley realized comet belonged solar system halley later astronomers studied comet telescopes close look millions miles earth swung past sun halley comet due studied distance miles kilometers spacecraft launched meet comet pictures space mission project european space agency formed nations western europe nations developed rocket launch mission halley comet spacecraft european space agency increasing cooperation nations western europe movement unity began soon end war ii europe ruins cities factories railroads shipyards bombed nations western europe rebuild helped billions dollars aid aid hard european nations rebuild separately seen nations small area compared united states largest france smaller texas
green mountain valley shepherds sit cross ground soviet citizens look talk parts country kirghiz group lived chinese border centuries speak kirghiz language miles kilometers northeast kirghiz group herders animals tend reindeer winter herders live small town taiga north arctic circle summer move farther north tundra reindeer feed scrubby plants shoot growing season herders belong group lived area thousands speak language miles kilometers west kirghiz students sit classroom writing exercise soviet union able read word students live soviet georgia classes taught georgian language russian learned language georgians lived area hundreds georgians live closer jerusalem capital israel moscow kirghiz live closer delhi capital india moscow reindeer herders live closer anchorage alaska moscow groups live vast area soviet union peoples homelands rule central government
climate weather place period traveled earth discovered climate place explained latitude cold high mountaintops true found equator poles earth warmed sun air surrounds earth holds heat high mountain air hold heat mountaintops snow covered equator mountains affect climate ways act fences keeping rain snow reaching side side mountain range rainy side desert mysteries climate easy figure england latitude canada rarely cold iceland farther north warmer places south learn places warm began explore oceans sailors traveled home learned winds blow direction chance earth regular system winds parts earth wind blows direction season winds blow water water currents start current pan water blowing surface
late afternoon netherlands students home school stop sidewalk stand order hot dogs hamburgers americans buy raw herring hold fish tail let slide throats morocco north african countries students likely yogurt hungry young mexicans stop crisp fried pork rind squirted hot sauce chew pieces sugarcane indonesia young enjoy balls rice meat deep fried golden foods sound explain eat foods eat foods read think questions eat thousands foods fish eggs roots important foods grains grains seeds grasses widely eaten rice wheat corn grains important pray harvests times past worshiped gods protect crops answer simple grains hungry realize depend grains eat grain comes field foods flour grain found breads cakes noodles products
crowded places southwest asia easier fine grasses grew plenty antelope sheep cattle rivers filled fish rich land support number southwest asia grew harder living began kill animals fewer wild plants finally food food harder find longer live hunting gathering began raise part food happen took place periods farmers lived zagros mountains iran map page earlier lived hills found land hunting gathering hills crowded bands moved mountains room harder food plants animals hills began clear spaces woods plant seeds wild grains return weed fields fall visit plots harvest crops saw hunters gatherers
samurai owned land served lord won favor put charge part shoen return promise fight death lord lord turn served powerful lord lords soldiers served ruled country lord grew weak careless neighbors attack land peasants rise lord lords guard fighting skills finely tuned samurai fine riders horse valuable things soldier owned heavy sword sharpened edges samurai allowed carry swung hands soldiers rode battle wearing suits metal fought fighting began soldier say tell past deeds battle start winner praise loser killing early days feudalism lords divided land children women owned land size farm smaller smaller large farm smaller families child powerful began pass wealth differently
nether means low netherlands land flat low hills mountains eastern half country broad sandy plain west sea stretches band sand dunes broken south rivers empty sea broken north huge bay called zuider zee sandy plains dunes lies large lowland lower level sea ago water today country richest farmland largest cities netherlands found lowland polders polder piece land drained water polders play important part history netherlands early settlers netherlands germany moved land ago lived eastern sandy plain land crowded moved lowlands lowlands farming plenty rain soil rich problems rivers streams flowed land deep overflowed banks sea storms beat sand dunes protected land waves broke dunes flooded land
southwest asia turn farming ago building small farming villages tigris euphrates rivers slowly villages grew size number towns cities lived largest cities called ur ur chaldees located southern part plain formed rivers land called sumer lived known sumerians imagination able visit ur ago read questions mind sumerians build cities special skills sumerian city dwellers develop lives lived cities differ lives ur removed space ways lived strange familiar think live ur travelers ur coming direction cross broad tigris euphrates valley hot difficult journey land dry trees grew clumps tough grass dotted landscape shepherds sign travelers nearing ur tended herds sheep walk ur find grass feed animals
bombay located west coast india eighth largest city center trade learning industry hundreds ships port thousands students attend universities bombay factories turn cloth steel city large busy visitor think course case bombay grew slowly efforts millions read industrial city questions mind ways bombay physical environment shaped lives changed environment bombay events parts affected city find map cities show cities located rivers lakes oceans built passes mountain ranges center railroad highway traffic busy paths travel location deal settlement city bombay exception view bombay sea ships heading east indian ocean africa south coast india largest city indian ocean bombay stopping place ships area ocean travelers bombay treated look beautiful cities
cities alike ways unique city shaped part environment reflects needs interests live seen case mexico city founding controlled capital mexico group left mark read consider questions groups affected city environment ways changed city history mexico seen capital full story mexico city known passed part legend part fact settled mexico city called aztecs poorest weakest lived mexican highlands aztecs north mexico wandered south search food settled place plant harvest crops ago reached rich land known valley mexico days valley green covered trees middle lay lake dotted small islands aztecs told children folktale promised settle rulers empire build city spot found eagle holding snake claws sitting cactus
delegates british colonies north america gathered philadelphia wrote declaration independence told colonies free britain declaration adopted july days read aloud colonial city town abigail adams heard boston husband john delegate meeting philadelphia wrote tell declaration received thursday crowds king street hear declaration independence colonel read balcony house attention word soon ended cry god save american states cheers bells rang guns fired cannon boomed face joyful dinner sign king burnt king street ends british authority days declaration independence british fought colonies america quickly formed government job defeat british war ended government needed peace group survive kind government government ways group enforce decisions governments groups kinds sizes families schools clubs businesses speak government referring government city county country
unit book continent continents earth large land area australia smallest knew part earth read australia explorer discover learned secrets land southern part story australia begins ago joined south asia days walk lands trip found green land lakes rivers land slowly began change rains lakes rivers dried water covered land bridge land australia cut rest thousands known lived australia early stories tell find lives story ice cold times ago meeka moon husband ngangagu sun lived cave called meeka darrbi place moon goes daughters sons pack hunting dogs meeka spent days meat hunting travelling stayed meeka darrbi pack dogs help hunt kangaroo wallaby
today australia small country large small country live population slightly greater york city large country lot land fact sixth largest country country covers continent country continent australians today land cities centers read chapter find australia land changing look reasons think cities important australia resource air resource land trees resources minerals gold iron resources continent resources tools skills ideas advantage resources things develop resources called technology technology helps solve problems simple tool wheel complex task drilling oil australia valuable mineral resources minerals nonliving materials part earth rocks ores earth gold silver coal minerals late thought gold country valuable resource today minerals worth
australians living nearly percent factories mills plants put automobiles electrical equipment run machines plastics yarn rubber cereal workers raise food mine manufacture goods service industries provide services offices banks teach school run restaurants fly planes doctors nurses service workers mail carriers trash collectors police officers lawmakers service workers transportation biggest service industries country percent workers help move goods australia field jobs linked worker goods services provided workers needed part big country links kind jobs hold live find bankers sales clerks outback find mine engineers wheat farm find australians live cities nearly half city live cities percent australians live melbourne sydney jobs reason compare population map page rainfall page climate page maps
indonesia borders ways living live islands islands stretch equator bridge pacific indian oceans traders parts asia coming islands late european ships began stop christopher columbus looking islands discovered americas explorers luck portuguese british dutch eager resources found islands dutch took control islands set single government rule gradually islanders united dutch indonesians declared independence dutch gave claims islands fight free taught indonesians feel proud part country things helped unite indonesians share values beliefs percent follow religion muslims despite differences culture islanders enjoy similar plays music dances hundreds islands gathered watch puppet shows bring folktales legends today listen programs radio movies indonesia unite islands country indonesians need sense pride common heritage
million live india largest populations country earth india covers land live part country parts walk distances seeing person india asia settle farm india giant triangle land divided main regions read decide indians settle north india range high mountains himalayas mountains border part china highest nearly impossible cross passes cut clogged snow himalayas rise steps hills mountains villages dot lower himalayas living mainly farmers plant crops terraces built hillsides raise grains millet barley wheat himalayas protect rest india cold winds blow south asia snow falls mountains melts india water water runs downhill rivers map page follow water mountains lowlands plain level lowland india plain stretches kilometers miles east west
live moving place place called nomads nomads southwest asia meet desert ask important question live plants water middle deserts southwest asia skies sunny clear ten part deserts sand rock empty moon rains parts deserts centimeters inches temperatures reach celsius fahrenheit hot plastic garbage cans melt farming impossible live part deserts mainly nomads pitch tents grasses animals eat deserts depends animals herd sheep goats need grass water camels scattered deserts green places place called oasis land dips close springs ground water seeps surface water farmers grow date palms wheat grapes sugarcane plant grapefruit orange olive trees oases desert farmers live places towns found oases oasis large support city farming oasis easy
europeans viewed fish gift seas realized seas thank mild weather europe lies high middle latitudes find north latitude map pages philadelphia madrid spain latitude paris farther north large city united states london latitude montreal look closely temperature map appendix shows european cities milder weather latitude north america ireland palm trees grow southern coast coast norway green winter sea responsible mild temperatures atlantic ocean warm washes coast europe warm water comes part earth climate mild waters atlantic flow coast europe river rivers ocean called ocean currents warms europe known gulf stream river warm water starts united states gulf mexico flows north east atlantic mediterranean sea warms lands borders hot summers heat waters winters short water cool sea entirely enclosed land
rhine river starts mountains switzerland gathers rainwater melting snow journey north sea river crosses broad valleys wide plains picks dirt fields line shores picks wastes large factories hundreds barges churn slow muddy water creep sea canals lead rivers barges piled high wheat steel coal pass boats large bringing iron ore raw materials plants farther south story europe rivers carry goods part europe rivers cities grown grown coasts europe read cities think grown cities linked important cities grown rivers seacoasts europe common city serves special purpose cities europe mainly trading centers ago trucks trains cities built rivers sea farmers sold goods markets bought things home goods town artisans simple tools leather goods ironware jewelry
late land country controlled powerful countries willing war expand power ruled outsiders increasingly demanding independence colonies north south america free success encouraged continents wanted set independent nations europeans questioning idea rule kings slowly idea elect leaders took hold happened switzerland pushed hapsburgs set republic set government elected war began europe soon war country joined ended empires broken number europe set independent countries lived european colonies continents days empires coming end today european countries longer colonies lack important resources britain continue trade colonies taking look neighboring countries group european countries decided trading easier countries belgium france italy luxembourg netherlands west germany mainly interested exchanging coal iron steel soon ready expand trade goods
learn places earth country parts ways learning earth look look window earth school top mountain earth space earth half earth true answer earth shape earth ball look ball notice half ball played miniature racing cars toy trucks dolls models real things look real things important difference models smaller model airplane photograph top page look real airplane shown important model globe words heavy type glossary starts page globe model earth picture bottom left shows earth space globe bottom shows half earth things learn globe direction look picture globe shown page
section map school school part community community place live play communities places rivers river body water moving sea lake sea large body salt water community shown map page lake lake body fresh water land find lake lake body land water call body land island map shows mountains mountain land rises high land look key find symbol mountains communities homes stores places worship buildings cities towns communities cities larger towns community city town cities towns communities larger town city special city leaders laws plans city called capital capital states country
order help find places maps mapmakers lines latitude learned line called equator equator halfway north pole south pole special line latitude numbered latitude lines measure distances north south equator distance measured degrees symbol degrees look map left city minneapolis minnesota located degrees north latitude st augustine florida located degrees north latitude addition equator lines latitude named arctic circle antarctic circle arctic circle north pole antarctic circle south pole coldest parts earth arctic circle north pole antarctic circle south pole named lines latitude equator tropic cancer tropic capricorn area lines called tropics warmest parts earth tropics hot parts tropics hot cold place depends lot latitude farther north place equator colder closer place equator hotter
joe shelly told mrs reilly wanted learn lot company mrs reilly asked company wanted study shelly answered yes saw books company located morris township think silver burdett company fun books mrs reilly called silver burdett company talked miss teffeau editor helps write books miss teffeau happy shelly joe visit miss teffeau waiting arrived want tell company books books schools country countries mrs reilly told print books books printed companies states print books building editor miss teffeau explained authors authors write books mapmakers photographers pictures miss teffeau told joe shelly textbooks book author writes chapter sends editor editor sends chapter readers authors books asked ways improve book
susan told class seeing eye school school shows blind dogs takes month learn need blind person learn care dog owner learn follow dog give commands dog blind person need blind trained susan finished report introduced bonnie bonnie told class puppies living club members want members help raise puppies raise puppies club members jersey raising puppies club members pennsylvania puppies members raise puppies adults raise puppies whitstock dog guide named juno surprise want meet freddy puppy going raise trained juno whitstock room led juno whitstock answered students questions explained greatest problem dog owners want pet talk dog
chapter learned city large community today live play cities lived cities ago moved place place search food hunted animals gathered plants eat learned grow plants learned raise animals food farmers began stay place care plants animals started farming found produce food eat happened able stop farming started kinds making pottery bowls dishes weaving cloth began live communities communities grew small cities community grew size named tenochtitlan built hundreds ago aztec indians aztecs lived country mexico tenochtitlan built island middle lake lake valley valley lowland hills mountains valley mexico high mountains indians settled area lake water rich farmland map page shows valley mexico island tenochtitlan built aztecs connected island land making causeways
chapter learned large cities chapter learn smaller communities called towns towns united states towns mountains located rivers oceans towns farmlands americans live towns country author book lives small town named humble humble southeastern texas located miles houston look map pages find city houston houston largest city texas humble suburb houston communities large cities called suburbs town humble named named pleasant humble lived area hundred ago humble ran ferryboat nearby san jacinto river river supplied early settlers fish water humble set post office helped deliver mail lived soon letters lived area humble humble town communities united states named community read chapter natural resources helped cities grow natural resources helped smaller communities grow area humble middle forest large pine oak trees grew
towns cities alike ways homes places business streets schools places worship main difference towns cities size towns fewer fewer buildings businesses towns small family lived town known families feel close small towns feel proud community feel important part leaders community leaders grown town leaders community enjoy celebrating holidays favorite holiday american cities towns july independence ago united states free nation americans celebrate nation birthday flags music parades community humble independence picnics cookouts cookout called barbecue barbecue meat roasted hot coals add wood mesquite tree fire say smoke mesquite meat real texas flavor night picnics barbecues end big fireworks display held high school football stadium
live humble houston called commuters commute travel regularly homes suburbs city commuters drive cars ride buses share cars roads highways happens try drive roads football game happens tries leave game cars fit road sit awhile car leave parking lot road cars move slowly thing happens houston rush hour going coming home streets houston crowded cars trucks buses taxicabs traffic moves slowly commuters travel city traffic jams traveling times problems face commuters problem amount gasoline commuters drive gasoline product oil need oil wisely afford waste valuable natural resource waste soon run oil
live earth earth home pictures show part home earth home earth land water earth large kinds plants animals live earth kinds live kinds land live flat land called plains trees plains land farming live hilly land hills higher plains trees grow sides hills live mountains mountains big hills rise high land snow covers tops highest mountains live oceans oceans large bodies water fish ocean swim ocean live rivers river body water flows land big river mississippi river live lakes lake body water land fun sailing rowing boats lakes live land water land called island point island picture live peninsula peninsula land water nearly part larger body land trace peninsula finger
picture page airplane shows earth looks air look map page map drawing earth part earth map shows place picture shows picture map map symbols symbols stand real things stand real places key tells symbols stand symbols map picture earth space shows earth round earth shaped ball picture globe globe model earth shows oceans land oceans blue color land globe find places earth north pole special place northern place earth north direction north pole put finger north pole south pole special place southern place earth south direction south pole put finger south pole south pole opposite north pole north pole south pole explorers find places
map continent north america united states country north america live united states find map mexico south united states country north america country north america canada find canada map neighbor north country flag special feeling flag flag symbol stands country map country united states parts part called find map united states america country called americans proud country americans show love america ways visit special places tell story country sing songs country learn song land home united states america map florida florida states visit florida map key shows places visited places florida nickname special bird special flower nickname florida sunshine
needs needs things wants wants things look pictures needs wants basic needs basic needs food clothes shelter things live need food clothes shelter need love need friends need fun think things need earn money money earn called income income buy needs wants jobs earn money things workers grow called goods pages show workers making crayons workers machines jobs worker adding red powder melted wax machine mixes powder wax red wax machine put machine wax poured holes cools hardens extra wax scraped crayons raised holes machine puts label crayon colored crayons put machine machine puts crayons boxes crayons ready workers grow goods workers things workers things provide give services teacher service police officer service
workers goods workers give services provide goods services dairy farm city dairy farmers raise cows milk milk sold milk processing plant truck comes farm milk driver truck takes milk plant workers plant process milk milk plant stores workers stores sell milk milk important foods workers needed milk farm home today buy goods services choose goods services buy save money want save money means put budget budget spending plan look pie graph shows family budgets money money save money country workers kinds grow kinds goods provide kinds services proud jobs workers special set honor workers america called labor labor celebrated monday september holiday workers picnics parades fun
wished spaceship high earth twenty ago dream today moon fly earth stay earth home size home earth changed learn live parts earth look photograph page spaceship earth photograph shows earth surface divided water land thirds earth surface water big bodies water earth surface called oceans words heavy type glossary end book oceans atlantic pacific indian arctic oceans earth surface land large bodies land found earth surface called continents continents asia africa north america south america europe australia antarctica country united states continent north america map page shows names shapes oceans continents map shows shapes land water learn recognize pages pictures descriptions land water shapes study carefully
earlier learned models scale look pictures page show children looking globe globe model earth globe show things earth shows earth round ball shows earth land water remember large bodies land called remember names oceans turn page look top picture page boy picture pointing north pole north pole special place northern place earth north main directions directions help find maps north direction north pole look bottom picture page girl picture pointing south pole south pole special place located opposite end earth north pole south main directions direction south pole visited poles marker showing location study picture main directions east west opposite face north east west left
kind graph discuss called line graph line graphs show things change period look line graph shows number living united states increased line graph showing number living farms changed compare graph showing population united states line graph line graph goes line graph shows oil imports import country graph show imports oil united states past special kind drawing diagram diagram meant show exactly thing looks meant explain thing works happens diagram explains things earth sun thing diagram shows earth moves path sun takes earth days journey diagram earth shown places path diagram shows night earth moves sun earth turning axis hours
ago puerto rico covered thick tropical forests lived island population began grow cleared forest farms timber buildings forests covered island destroyed cutting forests created problem rains hard times puerto rico streams water run hills mountain slopes trees soil place water washes soil called erosion soil washed land growing crops stop erosion government millions trees planted roots grow absorb water hold soil place slowed erosion stopping erosion easy takes raise forest puerto rico crowded island million live today spanish background african mixed backgrounds spanish language puerto rico puerto ricans living working land small plots farmed hand tools raise farm families poor population grew harder farmland living
soviet union farmlands lie south forest belt soil raising crops european part country grassy plains called steppes north black sea region named ukraine black soil found crops grow late summer fields ripening wheat stretch eye crops include sugar beets potatoes cattle hogs raised small belt farmland south forests asiatic part country large wheat fields places east ural mountains crops grow north growing season short rainfall lands east caspian sea parts siberia planting harvesting soviet union united states farmers tractors reapers farm machinery soviet farms united states american farmers land buildings machinery decide crops plant fields crop harvest sell whomever wish money earn spend fit things farmers soviet union government owns farms
million live brazil amazon basin covers half country brazil live amazon basin starting thinly settled indians amazon basin european settlers portugal european countries today population mixed mouth amazon black japanese indians continue live forest cities grown amazon basin manaus miles km atlantic ocean river city started fort clearing jungle story growth manaus story rubber indians amazon basin sap rubber tree spread feet let dry waterproof covering ago rubber wide amazon forest place rubber trees grew workers brought manaus collect sap trees milky white sap dried smoky fire carried ship factories countries factories called rubber manaus grew homes built workers offices storehouses built traders stores schools churches built
sahara live edges desert oases live midst desert roam place called nomads nomads live small family groups group includes children parents grandparents aunts uncles cousins nomads raise sheep goats camels donkeys animals water drink plants graze plants water found places times short nomads moving nomads live tents skins goats animals desert wear loose cotton robes clothing protects hot sun windblown sand main foods nomads milk camels goats drunk goat milk nomads butcher animals meat nomads move load belongings camels donkeys travel miles grazing grounds stop water oases money things buy nomads sell animal skins milk cheese children nomads school help tend herds sheep goats busiest place small desert oasis wells water supply village houses close
toast roll breakfast morning form bread bread flour flour wheat cereals wheat wheat bread cereals grown plains central part united states wheat grown earth plains supply wheat united states countries plains center country called breadbasket foods breakfast plains corn muffin cereal corn corn grown plains farmers raise hogs animals bacon sausages plains learned chapter level lands stretch miles plains moisture plains rain grass grows high crops grow patches trees drier plains grass short trees found riverbanks planted fields break sweep wind big areas plains united states middle country appalachian rocky mountains area plains atlantic ocean gulf mexico chapter learn plains central part country
read iowa going look plains region kansas turn map pages find kansas north south iowa kansas halfway north american continent halfway canada mexico middle group states stretch atlantic pacific map kansas iowa think land crops resources states ways kansas iowa alike ways tribes plains indians lived kansas important tribe kansa named tribe wichita gave today largest city kansas city named indian tribe topeka capital settlers started moving kansas large numbers ago looking land farms settlers states east kansas today live kansas wichita kansas city topeka largest cities kansas live farms today live city areas land farming
column smoke rose thin straight cabin chimney smoke blue left red clay trailed blue april sky longer blue gray boy jody watched speculating fire kitchen hearth dying mother hanging pots pans noon dinner friday sweep floor broom ti ti lucky scrub corn shucks scrub scrubbed floor miss reached glen stood minute balancing hoe shoulder clearing pleasant unweeded rows young shafts corn wild bees found chinaberry tree front gate burrowed fragile clusters lavender bloom greedily flowers scrub forgotten yellow jessamine march sweet bay magnolias ahead occurred follow swift line flight black gold bodies find bee tree full amber honey winter cane syrup jellies finding bee tree nobler hoeing corn wait afternoon alive soft stirring bored bees bored chinaberry blossoms clearing pines road running branch
voted signed ezra ezekial baxter paid taxes put penny baxter protest sound amalgam sound copper copper softness leaned backward honesty temptation store keepers mill owners horse traders store keeper boyles volusia honest dollar change horse lame penny walked miles return trade boyles penny answered twa mine wouldn wanted die dead alive want mine remark explained puzzled migration adjacent scrub folk lived deep placid river alive craft dugouts scows lumber rafts freight passenger vessels side wheel steamers filled stream places bank bank penny baxter brave crazy leave common bride heart wild florida scrub populous bears wolves panthers understandable forresters growing family burly quarrelsome males needed room county freedom hindrance
jody paralysis horror saw father cocked hammer stood half crouching licking lips fingering trigger julia bored bear flank wheeled bulldog left caught sideways sprawling bushes penny pulled trigger explosion sizzling sound penny fell backward gun fired rip returned attempts bear throat julia took worrying rear bear stood bay weaving jody ran father penny feet side face black powder slewfoot shook free rip whirled julia caught chest cupped claws yelped sharply rip hurled buried teeth hide jody screamed killin julia penny ran desperately heart fracas jammed gun barrel bear ribs pain julia grip black throat slewfoot snarled turned suddenly plunged bank creek deep water dogs hold slewfoot swam madly julia head showed water bear snout rip rode broad bravado slewfoot bank scrambled side julia loosed hold dropped limply earth
penny called mighty nice son leave lay jest minute git ready jerk known father watching tense jerked pole cautiously bob flipped water swirl silver form shot half clear water open mouth big cock pot enveloped bob weight millstone dropped end line fought wild cat pulled balance braced frenzy irrevocably attached penny called easy don let git bonnets tip pole don give slack penny left struggle arms ached strain afraid tug hard fear breaking line dared yield inch fear sudden slackness tell loss giant longed magic words father indicating miracle land fish torment bass sulking dash grasses tangle line stems rip free jody walked edge pond keeping taut line lead bass shallow water flounder edge worked cautiously tempted drop pole clutch line grips adversary
penny laughed opened knapsack took lunch jody protested anxious hunt eat penny noon deer mighty run noon jest noon game walks jody brought gun hiding place sat eat abstracted flavor fresh brierberry jam brought consciousness food jam thin sweet sugar scarce julia weak lay stretched side battle scars showed white dark hide penny lay lazily bucks circle bed soon wind don change notion climb high pine trees quarter east hit mighty stand jody picked gun started give bring buck penny called don try shot don let gun kick outen tree tall scattered pines lifted ahead desolate flat gallberry bushes jody chose commanded view wide area cross direction seeing hard climb straight trunk gun hand
sure leaned tousled curls penny goin home today tradin head scrub oliver hate hate miss sat frolic friday git venison boyles north boat today leave ory grandma panther penny looked quickly arranging folds apron care oliver river slapping sailor cap head whistle sounded jody desolate happen hearing oliver tales feel liked sit river bank morning oliver yarned oliver told tale oliver stopped finished yit bait stories grandma penny loitered leaving hate leave pertickler oliver miss oliver worse sea jody hit twink hit gals don aim gal resentful oliver leaving close community oliver torn tatters
fawn took jody tagged woodpile interfered swing axe milking assigned forced bar fawn lot stood gate peering bars bleated finished stripped teats kicked protest cupful milk meant nourishment fawn growing stood firm small legs leaped tossed head tail romped dropped heap rest cool days hot humid penny sweat bed buck dripping fields discarded shirt worked naked waist chest thick black hair perspiration glistened rain drops black dried moss sure call ma baxter washed boiled shirt hung scalding sunshine satisfaction won stink buck filled baxter cabin bulged ma baxter penny sight catch beard chest mornin start think bear house appalled amount food bolted times scarcely complain game supplied
field sweet potatoes endless sea jody looked rows finished hoeing beginning respectable showing rows unfinished stretch horizon july heat simmered earth sand scalding bare feet leaves sweet potato vines curled upward dry soil sun burning pushed palmetto hat wiped face sleeve sun nearly ten clock father sweet potatoes hoed noon afternoon fodder wing fawn fawn lay hedge row shade elderberry bush nuisance began galloped sweet potato beds trampling vines knocking edges beds stood front direct path hoeing refusing move force play wide eyed wondering expression weeks alert awareness wise look julia jody decided lead shut shed accord sought shade lay lay watching corner big eye head favorite position twisted shoulder
penny advanced grave closed eyes lifted face sunlight forresters bowed heads lord almighty god hit ignorant mortals say wrong ary doin brung pore boy cripple mind teched brung straight tall brothers fitten live speakin lord give wild creeturs give sort wisdom knowin gentle birds varmints moved free takened wild cat pore twisted hands seed fit bein crookedy mind limb don matter lord hit pleasures think straightened legs pore bent hands hit pleasures think movin easy ary lord give red birds mebbe squirrel coon possum lonesome lonesome leetle wild things askin put varmints heaven
identified community asked depend competence selected area ringold tell harry arteries america crucial leeds determined start focus river ebb flow traffic journey influence sweeping past spoke closed eyes apparent chosen river doubt specific settlement opened eyes professor vernor afraid stuck river worked rivers virginia attracted eager land job kind going oregon want eager sat staring floor trying collect thoughts de masterful job missouri river left topics undeveloped able write strong report st joseph mandan villages farther west say falls want compete de tentatively chance original missouri wasn missouri mind leeds thought course arkansas select settlement la junta include bent fort massacre sand island insisted honest editors told river arkansas choosing fluent spanish deal mexican land grants subjects
ancestral rockies disappearing event leave visible consequences reaching climax eastern shore later known united states hundred fifty million ago preceding periods reaching past building process beautiful complexity operating deep ocean depressions east wandering shoreline prehistoric ancient mountains deposited sediments accumulated remarkable depth places forty thousand feet thick passage presence pressure course formed rock thrust compression uplift subsidence crumpled rocks contorted shapes stage set event elevate rocks mountain range occurred subterranean plate rested crust later part continent africa began move slowly westward migration plate determined matched comparable movement american plate eastward collision inevitable predecessor atlantic ocean squeezed severely entirely eliminated continents actual contact living things existed move america africa land inexorable collision continued kind dislocation edges bearing brunt probable edge african plate turned rocky components returning crust mantle edge american plate thrust upward produce appalachian mountains ancestral appalachians roots mountains today twenty million steady growth appalachians stood considerable range ancestral rockies
fifty million ago rockies developing diplodocus vanished plains area twin pillars formed animal began develop later times give greatest assistance pleasure mobility progenitor invaluable beast curious creature mammal age reptiles past stood inches high shoulder weighed body covering part fur part hair destined develop small inconsequential beast characteristics determine future potential bones short legs complete separate capable elongation foot small toes mysteriously perfect number characterized ancient animals including dinosaurs forty teeth arranged unprecedented manner front peglike teeth weak diplodocus conspicuous open space jaw numerous grinding molars animal impression age surrounded larger mammals destined careers rhinoceroses camels sloths lived carefully shady parts woods developed fed browsing leaves soft marsh plants teeth strong quickly worn required eat rough food grass beginning develop observed mammals period tried evaluate chances amount quiet creature high list significant progenitors indecisive beast develop number ways memorable occasioned surprise fellow survived million quietly vanished
mckeag paddled slowly upstream trade guns chief rude water drive arapaho cheyenne clear plains village mckeag saw white scalps felt sick pasquinel told coureur ends scalp vous etre moi aussi winter spent beaver creek meeting lame beaver arapaho winter mckeag performed impossible learning arapaho later serve interpreter formed strange pair short stocky frenchman slim red bearded scot taciturn prairie pried affairs commenting fact mckeag heard pasquinel tell wife montreal detroit orleans began suspect occurred ask outright pasquinel married intrusive mckeag developed competent shot pasquinel taught overriding secret successful trading powder dry canoe upsets simple buy powder buy lead bullets lead keg tight lid wax top sealed deerskin buy keg ah secret keg lead melted bullets powder powder keg taught mckeag ball mold melted lead poured produce bullets gave exhibition resourcefulness scotsman broke wooden stock rifle
incident rendezvous mountain refer camps started pasquinel drunk tents shouting hawken goddamned rifle naturally brought wagers oregonians european guns past proved superior american product recently jacob command plains jim bridger kit carson performed commendable feats hawken partisans felt pick english money contest proposed negotiations led arguments rules scoring pasquinel drunk impatient halted bickering announcement show hawken acquired selling trip saint louis splendid hawken steered german gunsmith hermann bockweiss bought gun present thirty inch barrel english thought short fired caliber ball thought small metal parts beautifully machined woodwork average gun looked pasquinel paraded rifle crowd expected try perform difficult feat called son jacques empty whiskey bottle placing boy favorable spot handed gun walked unsteadily ten yards planted feet firmly put bottle head william tell reverse started taking bets outcomes boy miss altogether hit bottle wound father kill outright scar faced lad raised rifle took careful aim knocked top bottle
tuesday eleven market jammed normal customers sensation seekers heard levi zendt going apologize public stern mahlon led youngest brother mob counter peter stoltzfus loud voice cried brother stoltzfus wishes speak peter stoltzfus dressed white apron leaned edge stall glowered tried rape daughter becky called curtains masking stall rebecca stoltzfus apeared fresh beautiful carefully pressed clothes neat white cap dangling strings onlookers gasped think human beast tried defile women imagining looked started weep awkward silence mahlon jabbed levi began speak whisper low hear speak shouted sorry baker stoltzfus levi simply mahlon grew tense rage humiliation impasse ended peter stoltzfus leaned stall punched levi solidly nose young butcher staggered backward tripped mahlon foot fell flat bottom crowd cheered deep voice shouted give peter end apology mahlon filled disgust abandoned brother zendts returned stall nodding approvingly aisle peter stoltzfus daughter rebecca stayed counter receiving condolences numerous women protracted moment floor humiliated rise levi zendt pulled rubbed nose stltzfus thwacked left market
previous american history gathering fort laramie summer decades follow equal later indians dispersed lack ponies tipis eagle feathers war bonnets late august stood apex power assembled points majestic mighty sioux northeast tribes glistening paint feathers small horses rode moderately grandeur lay terrible intensity pursued objective peaceful warlike powerful indians willing engage enemy tribes camp brought ancient insolence tribe special characteristics brule oglala minniconjou hunkpapa members warlike society center rode principal chiefs bore aloft american flag awarded earlier treaty northwest assiniboin slim unbelievably attuned horses rode centaurs horse united flesh moving subtle grace coming open prairie motion dust waving grass frozen moment dissolving procession closer indians wore headdresses dignity resided solemn character bred remote canyons white platte cheyenne tallest tribes incomparably noblest appearance rode horses sat graven images hands hips impressed assembly beauty headdresses fineness garments nobility plains arrogance assurance
politics nature vacuum tolerated headed denver fill void startling manner soft spoken fifty armed general vermont laban asher led volunteers prudence gallantry worst battles civil war vicksburg previous lost arm associates charged resolutely bullet struck heights plodding arm dangling blood spurting beneath ridge loss incurred heroic generals job bring kind order colorado territory defending incursions confederate adventurers roamed west denver weeks word reached desperado jim reynolds confederate renegade storming arkansas river valley theatening communications trying raise levies attack denver let misunderstanding general asher firmly duty territory union hands hesitation dispatched troops south reynolds captured executed belatedly general asher turned attention indian problem newspapers business leaders supporting lieutenant tanner calling war major mercy counseling cautious approach intuitively asher sided mercy liked wounded service country patriotism challenged mercy calm cast mind asher admired
branding carried festive spirit testing irons lived tradition texans took pleasure laying rope horns cattle spinning deftly rear legs poteet surmising coker thrown rope forestalled embarrassment directing dirtiest dustiest job wrestling roped animals holding brand applied required days light till fading dusk animals job completed local cattlemen volunteered help reasons loved excitement hot iron hair cattle bawling protest dragging reluctant steer position hullabaloo caused teams working dusty job anticipated feast drinking afterward pitched help eye nacho gomez cook wagon brandin timer declared night chewed nacho thickest steaks set celebration whiskey canby added drawing bottle tennessee mash skimmerhorn bought jacksborough bar drink poteet encouraged whiskey months crown vee animals branded eighteen hundred ten cows heifers ready breed hundred forty bulls eager breed hundred twenty steers herd twenty hundred seventy marked left hip hundred thirty remuda horses mules branded lightly left shoulder nacho wrangler animals oliver dream riches depended
divine counselor sat johnson elbow penned words admitted colorado senators surely voted forthcoming impeachment president removed office rate colorado remained territory pleasanter times offending proviso eliminated colorado celebrations border border elections entitled senators chosen legislature felt general public qualified vote directly august position congressman seeing lower order public permitted vote directly statehood approached movement started town zendt farm schoolteacher miss keller launched sooner uttered suggestion caught imagination zendt farm town destined city let celebrate double birthday rename centennial idea popular days thought ask levi say founded place thought idea zendt farm matter fact don zendt knew stingy ornery mother born spreichert lucinda thought centennial perfect afternoon dated letter cyprian centennial colorado june appearance document decision town centennial born
coach kansas climbed past presbyterian mission big blue levi called driver stop climbed inspect puny creek mere trickle water august aghast think miserable pencil line landscape forbidding torrent nearly lost wagon wife incredible memory playing false image buffalo skulls returned visualized dragging prairies painful burdens remembrance robust sense reality reasserted began laugh missed point cried brothers uneasy feared comin claim share farm part mine let em continued laughing ask dinosaur eat climbed coach nebraska staring river hell spit levi laughed told spring friend heavy skulls tore sinews mind told re spit levi reached centennial neighbors persisted questoning east rebuffed finally spoke westerners east look crowds tell homesick prairies look miles feel crowded human important lot trees buildings
comprehension remainder rode castle simply abused charlotte apologize let married fought build proud clasped hand ride minister want paper wedding present bought weeks ago inspected paper found deed retreat pinons line camp spent savings buy cheyenne proper built ago caution editors exaggerate cattleman contempt sheepman charles russell famous cowboy artist st louis montana find ranch weeks helped run sheep subsequently completed works art portrayed known kind western animal rabbit bear buffalo depict sheep tolerate witnessed vivid exhibitions animosity rotary club centennial invited lunch host morgan wendall asked forgiveness advance proper guest didn understand meal president apologized saying gentlemen exhibit sense fair play lot share colorado live prove brotherhood club serves lamb members rose strode hall including grizzled veteran sitting
caution editors table compiled walter bellamy shows happened agriculture line camp selected unique crucial figures rainfall refer calendar tables actual growing season means winter wheat harvested spring enjoyed entire april inches moisture rain snow combined figures apply line camp town centennial south platte moisture yield acre denver want nostalgic denver mecca mexican beet worker depression deal animosity developed period denverites claiming rural areas beet workers summer threw denver taxpayer winter problem aggravated fact mexicans preferred congenial society denver specialized restaurants cantinas dances denver lot mexican idyllic penned narrow district jews side italians causeway railroad station known longest bridge runs mexico israel fights groups constant older mexicans living rural colorado think winters denver happiest lives
resignedly garrett leaned forward clicked set radio television profound educative devices shockingly bad reasonable barely tolerate spell winter television offered automobile talked housewife genie village idiot move forward backward history eighteen detectives involved forty murders station run series wives henry viii newspaper announced episode western catherine oregon illiterate cheapening aspect local restaurant big sign advertising specialty veal parma john proclaimed broken drum cafe beat chicken real fowl taste refreshment booth featured custard stand motel sign flashed bedder gap colorado cultural perplexed major publishing program history varied vital west local books celebrate remarkable neighboring states nebraska oklahoma university press produced fine volumes western themes garrett pleased supplied books needed thought deplorable colorado richer subject matter published ashamed history propose radical moves area ago burnt fingers badly trying modify western taste denver city county building faced gold domed capitol lovely plaza formed attractive centers america traditional christmas decorate building appalling collection green red orange sickly purple lights leave position january stock show
tim grebe promise arranged deal sale garrett bulls bologna factory butcher phoned complete details garrett lost heart sorry changed mind couldn possibly sell bulls summoned foreman smaller ranch thirty bulls sell give dammed sell prime herefords ground sandwich meat foreman left garrett stormed castle anxiety major decision haunting grabbed arm saying earnestly position vernor run ranch hobby simmentals bring money consider nodded snapped fingers shouted flor visited family ideas fifteen minutes flor packed speeding north reservaton western wyoming remnants arapaho tribe sequestered small boy garrett visited indian relatives taking presents friends colorado overlooked fact part indian thirty seconds traced chart breed book professional indian apologist told sped empty roads wyoming refrained trying capitalize heritage political effect feel true indian sympathetic problems twenty younger suppose gun toting activists
exceptionally hot evening early july young garret lodged place walked slowly hesitation bridge successfully avoided meeting landlady staircase garret roof high storied house cupboard room landlady provided garret dinners attendance lived floor obliged pass kitchen door invariably stood open passed young sick frightened feeling scowl feel ashamed hopelessly debt landlady afraid meeting cowardly abject contrary past overstrained irritable condition verging hypochondrea completely absorbed isolated fellows dreaded meeting landlady crushed poverty anxieties position late ceased weigh attending matters practical importance lost desire landlady real terror stopped stairs forced listen trivial irrelevant gossip pestering demands payment threats complaints rack brains excuses prevaricate lie creep stairs cat slip unseen evening coming street acutely aware fears want attempt thing frightened trifles thought odd smile
yard fourth storey staircase darker darker nearly eleven clock summer petersburg real night dark top stairs grimy door top stairs stood ajar poor looking room ten paces lighted candle end visible entrance disorder littered rags sorts especially children garments furthest corner stretched ragged sheet bed room chairs sofa covered american leather full holes stood deal kitchen table unpainted uncovered edge table stood smouldering tallow candle iron candlestick appeared family room part room room practically passage door leading rooms cupboards amalia flat divided stood half open shouting uproar laughter playing cards drinking tea words unceremonious kind flew raskolnikov recognised katerina ivanovna tall slim graceful woman terribly emaciated magnificent dark brown hair hectic flush cheeks pacing room pressing hands chest lips parched breathing nervous broken gasps eyes glittered fever looked harsh immovable stare consumptive excited face flickering light candle end playing sickening impression
course meaning lately razumihin ask ask lessons raskolnikov thought help suppose lessons suppose shares farthing farthings boots tidy give lessons hm coopers earn want absurd razumihin question going razumihin agitated aware uneasily seeking sinister significance apparently ordinary action expected set straight find means razumihin asked perplexity pondered rubbed forehead strange say musing suddenly spontaneously chance fantastic thought head hm razumihin calmly reached final determination razumihin course begin afresh suddenly realised thinking shouted jumping seat going happen happen left seat run meant turn homewards thought going home suddenly filled intense loathing hole awful cupboard month past growing walked random
completely unconscious ill feverish delirious half conscious remembered deal number round wanted deal squabbling discussing room afraid opened door crack look threatened plotted laughed mocked remembered nastasya bedside distinguished person remember fretted cry fancied lying month times part recollection minute felt forgotten remember worried tormented trying remember moaned flew rage sank awful intolerable terror struggled run prevented force sank impotence forgetfulness returned complete consciousness happened ten clock morning fine days sun shone room hour throwing streak light wall corner door nastasya standing person complete stranger looking inquisitively young beard wearing full short coat looked messenger landlady peeping half opened door raskolnikov sat nastasya asked pointing young
gentleman longer young stiff portly appearance cautious sour countenance began stopping short doorway staring offensive undisguised astonishment asking sort place mistrustfully affectation alarmed affronted scanned raskolnikov low narrow cabin amazement stared raskolnikov lay undressed dishevelled unwashed miserable dirty sofa looking fixedly deliberation scrutinised uncouth unkempt figure unshaven face razumihin looked boldly inquiringly face rising seat constrained silence lasted couple minutes expected scene shifting took place reflecting fairly unmistakable signs cabin attempting overawe gentleman softened civilly severity emphasising syllable question addressed zossimov romanovitch raskolnikov student student zossimov slight movement answered razumihin anticipated lying sofa want familiar want cut ground feet pompous gentleman turning razumihin checked turned zossimov raskolnikov mumbled zossimov nodding gave prolonged yawn opening mouth wide lazily put hand waistcoat pocket pulled huge gold watch round hunter case opened looked slowly lazily proceeded put raskolnikov lay speaking gazing persistently understanding stranger face turned strange flower paper extremely pale wore look anguish undergone agonising operation rack
raskolnikov crossed square corner dense crowd peasants pushed thickest part looking faces felt unaccountable inclination enter conversation peasants took notice shouting groups stood thought took turning direction crossed street turns angle leading market place sadovy street late felt drawn wander district felt depressed feel walked thinking point block buildings entirely let dram shops eating houses women continually running bareheaded indoor clothes gathered groups pavement especially entrances festive establishments lower storeys loud din sounds singing tinkling guitar shouts merriment floated street crowd women thronging round door sitting steps pavement standing talking drunken soldier smoking cigarette walking road swearing trying find forgotten beggar quarrelling dead drunk lying road raskolnikov joined throng women talking husky voices bare headed wore cotton dresses goatskin shoes women forty seventeen blackened eyes felt strangely attracted singing noise uproar saloon heard dancing frantically marking heels sounds guitar thin falsetto voice singing jaunty air
zossimov cried cheerfully entered ten minutes earlier sitting place sofa raskolnikov sitting opposite corner fully dressed carefully washed combed past room immediately crowded nastasya managed follow visitors stayed listen raskolnikov compared condition pale listless sombre looked wounded undergone terrible physical suffering brows knitted lips compressed eyes feverish spoke reluctantly performing duty restlessness movements wanted sling arm bandage finger complete impression painful abscess broken arm pale sombre face lighted moment mother sister entered gave look intense suffering place listless dejection light soon died look suffering remained zossimov watching studying patient zest young doctor beginning practise noticed joy arrival mother sister sort bitter hidden determination bear hour inevitable torture saw later word conversation touch sore place irritate marvelled power controlling hiding feelings patient previous monomaniac fallen frenzy slightest word yes raskolnikov giving mother sister kiss welcome pulcheria alexandrovna radiant
answered raskolnikov meaning buy lock happy need locks laughing sonia stood gateway sofya semyonovna find added wanted say wanted look soft clear eyes easy gave address polenka yesterday polenka yes polenka girl sister give address forgotten remember heard father speak learnt asked raskolnikov live room bye tell katerina ivanovna extremely glad escape looking hurrying sight soon walk twenty steps turning moving rapidly looking noticing think remember meditate word detail felt dimly unconsciously opening remembered suddenly raskolnikov meant morning muttering sinking heart entreating frightened child mercy room dear capable instant noticing unknown gentleman watching heels
raskolnikov help laughing moment struck strangeness frankness eagerness explanation preceding conversation gloomy repulsion obviously motive necessity geting relish aspects thought instant suddenly uneasy unexpected alarming idea occurred uneasiness increasing reached entrance raskolnikov suddenly directly going help half hour tell say want torture screamed bitter irritation despair eyes razumihin hands dropped stood steps looking gloomily raskolnikov striding rapidly direction lodging gritting teeth clenching fist swore squeeze porfiry lemon stairs reassure pulcheria alexandrovna alarmed absence raskolnikov home hair soaked sweat breathing heavily rapidly stairs walked unlocked room fastened latch senseless terror rushed corner hole paper put thing put hand minutes felt carefully hole crack fold paper finding drew deep breath
morning eleven clock punctually raskolnikov department investigation criminal porfiry petrovitch surprised waiting ten minutes summoned expected pounce stood waiting room apparently continually passing fro room looked office clerks sitting writing obviously notion raskolnikov looked uneasily suspiciously guard mysterious watch prevent escape sort saw faces clerks absorbed petty details concern liked conviction grew stronger enigmatic yesterday phantom sprung earth seen let stand wait waited till elected eleven information simply knew seen seen happened phantom exaggerated sick overstrained imagination conjecture begun grow strong midst alarm despair thinking preparing fresh conflict suddenly aware trembling felt rush indignation thought trembling fear facing hateful porfiry petrovitch dreaded meeting hated intense unmitigated hatred afraid hatred betray
raskolnikov walked straight home muddled bewildered getting home sat quarter hour sofa trying collect thoughts attempt think nikolay stupefied felt confession inexplicable amazing understanding nikolay confession actual fact consequences fact clear falsehood fail discovered till free danger imminent imminent position gradually clear remembering sketchily main outlines recent scene porfiry help shuddering horror course porfiry aims calculations partly shown hand knew raskolnikov terrible porfiry lead completely circumstantially knowing nervous temperament glance seeing porfiry playing bold game bound win denying raskolnikov compromised seriously facts light positive taking true view position wasn mistaken porfiry trying surprise prepared expecting parted unexpected appearance nikolay porfiry shown cards course risked showing sleeve raskolnikov reflected shown
retired clerk commissariat department drunk loud unseemly laugh fancy waistcoat visitors sat straight table greeting katerina ivanovna pole succeeded removing pole brought poles live amalia ivanovna seen irritated katerina ivanovna intensely preparations room visitors children laid table sitting bench furthest corner dinner laid box polenka big girl look feed noses wiped bred children katerina ivanovna fact help meeting guests increased dignity haughtiness stared special severity loftily invited seats rushing conclusion amalia ivanovna responsible absent began treating extreme nonchalance promptly observed resented beginning omen end seated raskolnikov moment return cemetery katerina ivanovna greatly delighted place educated visitor knew professorship university immediately respectfully apologised unable funeral
svidrigailov informed obliged important affairs leave petersburg brought fifteen thousand roubles begged accept present intending trifling present wedding logical connection present departure absolute necessity visiting purpose pouring rain midnight clear inevitable ejaculations wonder regret invitable questions extraordinarily restrained hand gratitude expressed glowing reinforced tears mothers svidrigailov laughed kissed betrothed patted cheek declared soon noticing eyes childish curiosity sort earnest dumb inquiry reflected kissed felt sincere anger inwardly thought present immediately locked keeping mothers leaving extraordinary excitement tender mamma speaking quietly half whisper settled important doubts concluding svidrigailov affairs connections wealth knowing mind start journey give money fancy took surprising course strange wet englishmen instance eccentric high society didn think didn stand ceremony possibly purpose show afraid
sonia room getting dark sonia waiting terrible anxiety dounia waiting morning remembering svidrigailov words sonia knew describe conversation tears girls friendly dounia gained comfort interview brother sonia confession human fellowship needed fate send dounia ask knew looked sonia reverence embarrassed sonia point tears felt contrary worthy look dounia dounia gracious image bowed attentively respectfully meeting raskolnikov room remained mind fairest visions dounia impatient leaving sonia brother room await thinking sonia began tortured dread committing suicide dounia feared spent trying persuade anxious soon parted thought sonia remembered svidrigailov raskolnikov alternatives siberia knew vanity pride lack faith cowardice fear death live thought despair sun setting
uneasy inquire soon learnt illness dangerous hearing anxious sonia pencilled note telling slight cold soon soon heart throbbed painfully read warm bright early morning clock river bank pound alabaster kiln baking shed convicts guard fortress fetch tool began getting wood ready laying kiln raskolnikov shed river bank sat heap logs shed began gazing wide deserted river high bank broad landscape opened sound singing floated faintly audible bank vast steppe bathed sunshine black specks nomads tents freedom living utterly unlike stand age abraham flocks passed raskolnikov sat gazing thoughts passed dreams contemplation thought vague restlessness excited troubled suddenly found sonia noiselessly sat side early morning chill keen wore poor burnous green shawl face showed signs illness thinner paler gave joyful smile welcome held hand usual timidity
lay wide bunk stretched end room end cracker boxes serve furniture grouped fireplace picture illustrated weekly log walls rifles paralleled pegs equipments hung handy projections tin dishes lay small pile firewood folded tent serving roof sunlight beating glow light yellow shade small window shot oblique square whiter light cluttered floor smoke fire times neglected clay chimney wreathed room flimsy chimney clay sticks endless threats set ablaze establishment youth trance astonishment going fight morrow battle obliged labor believe accept assurance omen mingle affairs earth course dreamed battles vague bloody conflicts thrilled sweep fire visions seen struggles imagined peoples secure shadow eagle eyed prowess awake regarded battles crimson blotches pages past put things begone thought images heavy crowns high castles portion history regarded wars thought horizon disapperared
occasionally tried fathom comrade seductive sentences looked find proper mood attempts failed bring statement looked confession doubts privately acknowledged afraid open declaration concern dreaded place unscrupulous confidant high plane unconfessed elevation derided regard companions mind wavered opinions according mood inclined believing heroes fact admitted secret superior development higher qualities conceive going insignificantly bearing load courage unseen known comrades boyhood began fear judgment blind moments flouted theories assured fellows privately wondering quaking emotions feel strange presence talked excitedly prospective battle drama witness eagerness curiosity apparent faces suspected liars pass thoughts severe condemnation dinned reproaches times convicted shameful crimes gods traditions anxiety heart continually clamoring considered intolerable slowness generals content perch tranquilly river bank leave bowed weight problem wanted settled forthwith
looked youth gripped outcry throat saw tottering fear laugh warning jeer practicable pelt missiles admitting wrong frenzied declamation kind turn worm assumed demeanor knows doomed unwritten responsibilities lagged tragic glances sky surprised presently young lieutenant company began heartily beat sword calling loud insolent voice young ranks skulking mended pace suitable haste hated lieutenant appreciation fine minds mere brute brigade halted cathedral light forest busy skirmishers popping aisles wood seen floating smoke rifles balls white compact halt regiment began erecting tiny hills front stones sticks earth thought turn bullet built comparatively large content procedure caused discussion wished fight duellists believing correct stand erect feet foreheads mark scorned devices cautious scoffed reply pointed veterans flanks digging ground terriers
tattered stood musing reg jim dandy fer nerve wa finally awestruck voice reg jim dandy thoughtfully poked docile hands foot wonner th seen funny thing reg jim dandy youth desired screech grief stabbed tongue lay dead tomb mouth threw ground began brood tattered stood musing look pardner regarded corpse spoke begin look fer ol number thing won bother im say enjoying health days youth awakened tattered soldier tone looked quickly saw swinging uncertainly legs face turned shade blue lord cried goin tattered waved hand nary die want pea soup bed pea soup repeated dreamfully youth arose ground wonder left pointed find im coming direction turned body ask question length spoke tattered stayin tryin ask youth nodded assent wearily turned gaze moment corpse
youth left scene heard guns suddenly roar imagined shaking black rage belched howled brass devils guarding gate soft air filled tremendous remonstrance shattering peal opposing infantry turning look sheets orange light illumine shadowy distance subtle sudden lightnings air times thought heaving masses hurried dusk faded barely distinguish place feet purple darkness filled lectured jabbered gesticulating blue somber sky ruck munitions spread forest fields narrow roadway lay lifeless overturned wagons sun dried bowlders bed torrent choked bodies horses splintered parts war machines pass wound pained afraid move rapidly dread disturbing held head took precautions stumbling filled anxiety face pinched drawn anticipation pain sudden mistake feet gloom thoughts walked fixed intently hurt cool liquid feeling imagined blood moving slowly hair head swollen size think neck inadequate silence wound worriment blistering voices pain called scalp thought definite expression danger believed measure plight
youth awoke asleep thousand felt sure opened eyes unexpected gray mists slowly shifting efforts sun rays impending splendor seen eastern sky icy dew chilled face immediately arousing curled farther blanket stared leaves overhead moving heraldic wind distance splintering blaring noise fighting sound expression deadly persistency begun cease rows groups dimly seen previous night getting draught sleep awakening gaunt careworn features dusty figures plain quaint light dawning dressed skin corpselike hues tangled limbs pulseless dead youth started cry eyes swept motionless mass thick spread ground pallid strange postures disordered mind interpreted hall forest charnel place believed instant house dead dare move corpses start squalling squawking achieved proper mind swore complicated oath saw somber picture fact present mere prophecy
youth slipping uncertain feet watchful eyes rearward scowl mortification rage face thought fine revenge officer referred fellows mule drivers saw pass dreams collapsed mule drivers dwindling rapidly wavered hesitated clearing recoiled retreat mule drivers march shame dagger pointed gaze blackened face held enemy greater hatred riveted knowing called mule driver knew comrades failed successful ways bring pangs kind remorse officer youth allowed rage baffled possess cold officer monument dropped epithets unconcernedly finer dead thought grievous think possess secret taunt truly answer pictured red letters curious revenge mule drivers compelled throw presently wrapped heart cloak pride flag erect harangued fellows pushing chests free hand knew frantic appeals beseeching lieutenant scolding losing mind rage felt subtle fellowship equality supported manner hoarse howling protests regiment machine run
woods began pour dark hued masses enemy youth felt serene confidence smiled briefly saw dodge duck screechings shells thrown giant handfuls stood erect tranquil watching attack begin part line blue curve side adjacent hill vision unmolested smoke rifles companions opportunities parts hard fight relief perceive noises roared ears short saw regiments fighting separate battle regiments cleared space wearing set look blazing wager giving taking tremendous blows firings incredibly fierce rapid intent regiments apparently oblivious larger purposes war slugging matched game direction saw magnificent brigade going evident intention driving enemy wood passed sight presently awe inspiring racket wood noise unspeakable stirred prodigious uproar apparently finding prodigious brigade marching airily fine formation nowise disturbed traces speed movements brigade jaunty point proud thumb yelling wood slope left row guns gruff maddened denouncing enemy woods forming attack pitiless monotony conflicts round red discharges guns crimson flare high thick smoke
roarings stretched line sound face forest began grow intermittent weaker stentorian speeches artillery continued distant encounter crashes musketry ceased youth friend sudden looked feeling deadened form distress waning noises part going troops marchings battery wheeled leisurely crest small hill thick gleam departing muskets youth rose wonder tone preparing resent monstrosity dins smashes shaded eyes grimy hand gazed field friend arose stared bet re goin git th river swan youth waited watching regiment received orders retrace grunting grass regretting soft repose jerked stiffened legs stretched arms heads swore rubbed eyes groaned lord objections change proposal battle trampled slowly field run mad scamper fence deserted resumed careening posts disjointed bars air quiet rural depravity lay spread corpses conspicuous contorted body color bearer gray flag youth friend bearing regiment marched joined fellows
ancient custom days single task omoro seriously occupy selection firstborn son rich history promise tribe mandinkas believed child develop characteristics whomever named behalf binta week thinking omoro visited household juffure invited family naming ceremony newborn child traditionally eighth father father father son member tribe eighth arrived villagers gathered early morning hut omoro binta heads women families brought calabash containers ceremonial sour milk sweet munko cakes pounded rice honey karamo silla jaliba village tan tang drums alimamo arafang brima cesay child teacher omoro brothers janneh saloum journeyed attend ceremony drumtalk news nephew birth reached binta proudly held infant small patch hair shaved women exclaimed formed baby quieted jaliba began beat drums alimamo prayer calabashes sour milk munko cakes prayed guest touched calabash brim hand gesture respect food alimamo turned pray infant entreating allah grant success bringing credit pride children family village tribe finally strength spirit deserve bring honor receive
kitchen woman village offered variety food open invitation passed wished stop moment enjoy plateful kunta kafo gorged calabashes delicious stews rice roasted meats goats game forest abundance young girls special duty bamboo baskets filled fruit stuffing bellies boys darted travelers tree meet exciting strangers entered village stayed overnight tarried hours moving village festival visiting senegalese set colorful displays bolts decorated cloth arrived heavy sacks quality nigerian kola nuts grade size determining price traders bolong boats laden salt bars exchange indigo hides beeswax honey nyo boto busily selling cowrie shell apiece small bundles cleaned trimmed lemongrass roots regular rubbing teeth breath sweet mouth fresh pagan traders hurried past juffure stopping wares tobacco snuff mead beer infidels moslem mandinkas drank smoked seldom stopped bound bigger villages numerous footloose young villages young left juffure harvest season spotting passed path village kunta mates run alongside trying carried small bamboo headbaskets clothing small gifts friends expected meet wanderings returning home villages planting season
frightened lamin father talk slave taking white cannibals awakened kunta times night bad dreams kunta returned goatherding decided turn brother mind thoughts telling distinguished uncles father brothers sons kairaba kunta kinte named kunta proudly uncles janneh saloum born sireng lamin looked puzzled kunta explaining sireng grandfather wife died married grandma yaisa kunta arranged twigs ground show kinte family individuals lamin didn understand sigh began talk uncles adventures kunta thrilled father told uncles wives love traveling kunta moons end travel sun sleep stars father says sun burns endless sand land rain place uncles visited kunta trees thick forests dark night daytime place taller lamin lamin naked grew killed huge elephants tiny poisoned darts place land giants janneh saloum seen warriors throw hunting spears mightiest mandinka dancers leap higher heads hands higher tallest juffure bedtime lamin watched wide eyes kunta acted favorite stories springing suddenly imaginary sword slashing lamin bandits uncles fought journey moons heavily laden elephants teeth precious stones gold black city zimbabwe
attendng council sessions number moons kunta guessed problems senior elders married especially wives adultery frequent charge unpleasant things happened offending husband accusation backed convincing testimony strong evidence wronged husband poor offending council order offender deliver possessions husband husband adulterer bare hut left poor case council order offender husband slave period considered worth wrongful wife kunta flinched repeated offender elders set date receive public flogging thirty lashes bare recently wronged husband according ancient moslem rule forty save kunta thoughts getting married cooled watched listened angry testimony injured wives husbands council charged wives failed respect unduly lazy unwilling love turn generally impossible live accused wife presented strong counterargument witnesses bear senior elders told husband set possessions wife hut utter possessions times witnesses present words divorce wife charge bring woman village suspected advance claim husband meaning inadequate bed
deck kunta point looking line lay left serere tribesman older kunta body front creased whip cuts deep festering kunta felt badly wished strike darkness moaning steadily pain staring kunta serere dark eyes full fury defiance whip lashed stood looking kunta spurring move ahead force blow drove nearly knees triggered explosion rage throat ripping animal cry kunta lunged balance toubob fall sprawling dragging shacklemate toubob nimbly sprang clear milled toubob eyes narrowing hatred brought whip kunta wolof slashing knife trying roll kunta kicked heavily ribs gasping wolof managed stagger shelf shambling dousing buckets seawater moment later stinging saltiness burning kunta wounds screams joined sound drum wheezing thing begun marking chained jump dance toubob kunta wolof weak beating stumbled whip blows kicks hopping clumsily chains
seventh morning gruel toubob entered barred room armload clothes frightened unchained shown put garment covered waist legs upper body kunta put sores begun show signs healing immediately started itching began hear sound voices quicky grew louder louder toubob gathering talking laughing barred window kunta mates sat toubob clothes gripped terror happen toubob returned quickly unchained marched room black originally acted happened times longer mattered moments change toubob sounds grew quieter toubob began shout struggling vainly understand kunta listened uncomprehendingly strange cries fit fiddle plenty spirit buck intervals toubob interrupt loud exclamations hundred fifty hundred toubob shout let hear look works mule kunta shuddered fear face running sweat breath tight throat toubob room kunta felt paralyzed pair toubob stood doorway holding short clubs hand small metal objects moved kunta side wall unlocking iron cuffs cried scuffled struck short thick leather strap
kunta job watering feeding horses flushed agitated massas visited grim massa waller kunta told horses sweat soaked flanks hard riding massas driving buggies told john walker massa brother bought kunta took boat known hated face glance tossed reins kunta apparent recognition don ack surprised fiddler massa say howdy nigger specially members weeks bell learned keyhole massa visitors alarm fury thousands georgia south carolina virginia slaves boldly fleeing plantations join lord dunmore heard fleeing slaves simply heading north whites agreed need start breeding bloodhounds massa waller called bell living room read slowly aloud marked item virginia gazette ordered bell show slaves handed paper told reacted fear anger ye negroes tempted ruin suffer desert certainly returning gazette bell spelled information news items privacy cabin reports actual predicted slave revolts later massa shouted returning paper supper bell apologized tears
met ghanaian kunta hollow feeling thought fact juffure sons wife birth occasioned thoughts moon kunta dream awakened abruptly darkness acutely embarrassed hot stickiness burst rigid foto lying awake afterward thought wife knew slave row woman cared simply begun living whichever hut reasons kunta didn want think getting married thing involve couple jumpin de broomstick witnesses slave row ridiculous kunta solemn occasion cases heard favored house servants repeat vows white preacher massa mistress looking pagan ceremony marrying manner thought proper bride age mandinka fourteen sixteen rains thirty white folks land kunta seen black female fourteen sixteen twenty twenty considered preposterously giggling silly especially sundays festivities painted powered faces looked death dancers juffure covered ashes twenty older women kunta senior cooks big houses driven massa waller liza enfield
weeks kunta bell acting oddly thing talking wasn bad mood casting felt peculiar looks sighing loudly stared begun smiling mysteriously rocking chair humming tunes night blown candle climbed bed grasped kunta hand tenderly stomach inside moved beneath hand kunta sprang fit split joy days noticed driving knew massa pulling buggy horses sitting seat filled mind eye visions bell paddling bolong rice fields manchild bundled snugly thought myriad significances coming firstborn binta omoro firstborn vowed juffure going teach manchild true matter trials hazards involve land toubob job father giant tree manchild girlchildren simply ate food grew big marry girlchildren mothers concerns case manchild carried family reputation parents tottering reared manchild put taking care bell pregnancy took kunta mind farther africa encounter ghanaian
listen gal don lemme hear bout fannin yo tail roun dat noah mo ry stick minute headed home kunta stopped tracks steps door cabin stood listening bell turned sixteen yo pappy think carryin dat quietly turned path privacy barn consider implications heard fannin tail noah bell personally seen told doubt aunt sukey sister mandy knowing biddies wouldn surprise witnessed completely innocent sound suggestive cluck overheard bell wouldn tell repeated needed put stop kind thing dream querying bell women gossip innocent kizzy flaunting noah encourage young honor character knew kunta wasn sure feel think case bell daughter fifteen customs toubob land young thinking getting married realized wasn feeling african didn feel ready think kizzy walking big belly seen girls age younger
uncle pompey kizzy saw mornings surprised deeply touched arrived field baby uncle pompey approached shyly touching brim sweat stained straw hat pointed trees edge field figgered put de baby dere sure meant kizzy squinted saw beneath trees eyes soon glistening tears walked saw lean top thatched freshly cut grass thick stemmed weeds green leaves gratefully kizzy spread clean crocus sack sheltered leafy cushion laid baby cried briefly comforting sounds pats soon gurgling inspecting fingers rejoining companions working tobacco sho preciates dat uncle pompey grunted chopped faster trying conceal embarrassment intervals hours began crying sit let nurse breasts taut milk yo baby jes perkin sho nothin roun pay tention sister sarah days later addressing kizzy casting sly eye uncle pompey return look persistent mosquito workday ended setting sun sister sarah insisted carrying baby kizzy took hoes tired trudge slave row small boxlike cabins large chinquapin tree early darkness fallen kizzy hurriedly lighted sticks small fireplace cook remaining rations issued saturday morning massa lea
proud mention george considered talking charity white father thought understand opposite beulah black charcoal charity considerably lighter mulatto george fact tan skin black liked call high yaller charity harbor distress color laughingly volunteered george pappy white overseer big south carolina rice indigo plantation hundred slaves born reared eighteen sold auction bought massa teague big house maid subject skin color charity expressed concern south carolina left mammy younger brother practically white black skinned young uns unmercifully teased mammy told yell tormentors turkey buzzard laid hot sun hatched gawd dis color dat black niggers business charity brother let problem george color eclipsed moment frustration realizing uprising faraway charleston surely going delay idea developing carefully head fact nearly finally reaching decision try uncle mingo sense telling thing hang massa lea approve idea knew massa lea going remain angrily unapproachable
days later tom heard blacksmithing customers saying judge ruffin returned sadly reporting peace conference failure ending explosive arguments younger delegates north south black buggy driver told tom learned firsthand alamance county courthouse janitor mass meeting nearly fourteen hundred local white held massa murray tom knew massa holt irene owner important shouted war averted pounded tables calling join confederates traitors janitor told massa giles mebane elected secession convention vote alamance county remain union hard family reported night tom matilda single march news president lincoln sworn confederate flag unveiled huge ceremony montgomery alabama confederacy president jeff davis declared african slave trade abolished feeling knew slavery family couldn understand days later tension rose fever pitch announcement north carolina legislature called twenty thousand military volunteers early friday morning april massa murray driven meeting town mebane lewis james ashford il kizzy mary field busily transplanting young tobacco shoots began notice unusually large number white riders passing main road full gallop rider briefly slowed angrily shaking fist direction shouting couldn understand virgil il kizzy racing field tell tom matilda irene happened
mama cynthia breathlessly exclaimed irene palmer axed walk home church nex sunday zackly rush things leas seen im watchin church sunday irene tom asked palmer awright walk home tom murray drily think bout cynthia looking stabbed leaving irene studying husband face tom nough fo yo gals town dat young jes bout run de lumber company fo dat ol stay drunk james folks henning seen im unload de lumber de freight cars hisself sell deliver hisself den write de bills colleck de money posit de bank hisself il carpenterin de customers needs ax nothin fo wid dat fo il don speak hard word gainst ol james de sees doin job mindin business tom murray sees im church half de gals dere battin dey eyes im cose dey irene de bes catch henning ax walk home bout dat lula carter gave dem flowers astonished tom knew irene dat ago tom knows reckon carried sich fool dat fawnin roun im shadow finally quit talkin ag cynthia sense wid bein pretty raised
later juffure took mosque built bamboo thatch prayed arabic remember thinking knees found understand word re saying later crux prayer translated praise allah lost allah returned river wanted return land sat wiry young mandingo driver leaving dust pluming hot rough pitted country road banjul head staggering awareness black american blessed ancestral clues paternal maternal african ancestor ancestors ancestor lived finally ancestor clues black american able locate wizened black narrative reveal black american ancestral clan village mind eye mistily projected screen began envisioning descriptions read collectively millions ancestors enslaved thousands individually kidnaped forebear kunta millions awake screaming night dashing bedlam raided villages flames captured able survivors linked neck neck thongs processions called coffles mile length envisioned dying left die weak continue march coast beach greased shaved probed orifice branded sizzling irons envisioned lashed dragged longboats spasms screaming clawing hands beach biting choking mouthfuls sand desperation efforts hold africa home envisioned shoved beaten jerked slave ships stinking holds chained shelves packed tightly lie sides spoons drawer
grass plot jail prison lane summer morning centuries ago occupied pretty large number inhabitants boston eyes intently fastened iron clamped oaken door population later period history england grim rigidity petrified bearded physiognomies augured awful business hand betokened short anticipated execution noted culprit sentence legal tribunal confirmed verdict public sentiment early severity puritan character inference kind indubitably drawn sluggish bond servant undutiful child parents civil authority corrected whipping post antinomian quaker heterodox religionist scourged town idle vagrant indian white fire water riotous streets driven stripes shadow forest witch mistress hibbins bitter tempered widow magistrate die gallows case solemnity demeanor part spectators befitted religion law identical character interfused mildest severest acts public discipline alike venerable awful meagre cold sympathy transgressor look scaffold hand penalty days infer degree mocking infamy ridicule invested stern dignity punishment death
intervals scene conspicuous object vanish eyes glimmered indistinctly mass imperfectly shaped spectral images mind especially memory preternaturally active bringing scenes roughly hewn street town edge western wilderness faces lowering beneath brims steeple crowned hats reminiscences trifling immaterial passages infancy schooldays sports childish quarrels domestic traits maiden swarming intermingled recollections gravest subsequent picture precisely vivid similar importance alike play possibly instinctive device spirit relieve exhibition phantasmagoric forms cruel weight hardness reality scaffold pillory point view revealed hester prynne entire track treading happy infancy standing miserable eminence saw native village england paternal home decayed house gray stone poverty stricken aspect retaining half obliterated shield arms portal token antique gentility saw father face bald brow reverend white beard flowed fashioned elizabethan ruff mother look heedful anxious love death laid impediment gentle remonstrance daughter pathway saw face glowing girlish beauty illuminating interior dusky mirror wont gaze
directness appeal drew eyes crowd reverend dimmesdale young clergyman english universities bringing learning age wild forest land eloquence religious fervor earnest high eminence profession person striking aspect white lofty impending brow large brown melancholy eyes mouth forcibly compressed apt tremulous expressing nervous sensibility vast power restraint notwithstanding high native gifts scholar attainments air young minister apprehensive startled half frightened look felt astray loss pathway human existence ease seclusion duties permit trod shadowy paths simple child coming occasion freshness fragrance dewy purity thought affected speech angel young reverend wilson governor introduced openly public notice bidding speak hearing mystery woman soul sacred pollution trying nature position drove blood cheek lips tremulous speak woman brother wilson moment soul worshipful governor says momentous thine charge exhort confess truth reverend dimmensdale bent head silent prayer forward
truth puritans intolerant brood lived vague idea outlandish unearthly variance ordinary fashions mother child scorned hearts unfrequently reviled tongues pearl felt sentiment requited bitterest hatred supposed rankle childish bosom outbreaks fierce temper kind comfort mother intelligible earnestness mood fitful caprice thwarted child manifestations appalled discern shadowy reflection evil existed enmity passion pearl inherited inalienable hester heart mother daughter stood circle seclusion human society nature child perpetuated unquiet elements distracted hester prynne pearl birth begun soothed softening influences maternity home mother cottage pearl wanted wide circle acquaintance spell creative spirit communicated thousand objects torch kindles flame applied unlikeliest materials stick bunch rags flower puppets pearl witchcraft undergoing outward change spiritually adapted drama occupied stage baby voice served multitude imaginary personages young talk withal pine trees aged black solemn flinging groans melancholy utterances breeze needed transformation figure puritan elders ugliest weeds garden children pearl smote uprooted unmercifully
adventure reached dwelling governor bellingham large wooden house built fashion specimens extant streets older towns moss grown crumbling decay melancholy heart sorrowful joyful occurrences remembered forgotten happened passed dusky chambers freshness passing exterior cheerfulness gleaming sunny windows human habitation death entered cheery aspect walls overspread kind stucco fragments broken glass plentifully intermixed sunshine fell slant wise front edifice glittered sparkled diamonds flung double handful brilliancy befitted aladdin palace mansion grave puritan ruler decorated strange seemingly cabalistic figures diagrams suitable quaint taste age drawn stucco newly laid grown hard durable admiration times pearl looking bright wonder house began caper dance imperatively required breadth sunshine stripped front play pearl mother thou gather thine sunshine give thee approached door arched form flanked side narrow tower projection edifice lattice windows wooden shutters close need lifting iron hammer hung portal hester prynne gave summons answered governor bond servants free born englishman slave
governor wilson guests reverend arthur dimmesdale reader remember reluctant part scene hester prynne disgrace close companionship roger chillingworth person skill physic past settled town understood learned physician friend young minister health severely suffered late unreserved sacrifice labors duties pastoral relation governor advance visitors ascended steps throwing open leaves hall window found close pearl shadow curtain fell hester prynne partially concealed governor bellingham looking surprise scarlet figure profess seen days vanity king james wont esteem high favor admitted court mask swarm small apparitions holiday called children lord misrule guest hall ay cried wilson bird scarlet plumage methinks seen figures sun shining richly painted window tracing golden crimson images floor land prithee young art thou ailed thy mother bedizen thee strange fashion art thou christian child ha dost thy catechism art thou naughty elfs fairies thought left relics papistry merry england
incident intercourse clergyman physician externally character previously intellect roger chillingworth sufficiently plain path precisely laid tread calm gentle passionless appeared fear quiet depth malice hitherto latent active unfortunate led imagine intimate revenge mortal wreaked enemy trusted friend confided fear remorse agony ineffectual repentance backward rush sinful thoughts expelled vain guilty sorrow hidden heart pitied forgiven revealed pitiless unforgiving dark treasure lavished adequately pay debt vengeance clergyman shy sensitive reserve balked scheme roger chillingworth inclined satisfied aspect affairs providence avenger victim purposes perchance pardoning punish substituted black devices revelation say granted mattered object celestial region aid subsequent relations betwixt dimmesdale merely external presence inmost soul brought eyes comprehend movement thenceforth spectator chief actor poor minister interior play chose
walking shadow dream actually influence species somnambulism dimmesdale reached spot hester prynne lived hours public ignominy platform scaffold black weather stained storm sunshine footworn tread culprits ascended remained standing beneath balcony meeting house minister steps obscure night early unvaried pall cloud muffled expanse sky zenith horizon multiude stood eye witnesses hester prynne sustained punishment summoned discerned face platform outline human shape dark gray midnight town alseep peril discovery minister stand pleased morning redden east risk dank chill night air creep frame stiffen joints rheumatism clog throat catarrh cough defrauding expectant audience morrow prayer sermon eye save seen closet wielding bloody scourge mockery penitence mockery soul trifled
witchcraft pearl eyes face glanced upward minister wore naughty smile expression frequently elfish withdrew hand dimmesdale pointed street clasped hands breast cast eyes zenith common days interpret meteoric appearances natural phenomena occurred regularity rise set sun moon revelations supernatural source blazing spear sword flame bow sheaf arrows seen midnight sky prefigured indian warfare pestilence known foreboded shower crimson light doubt marked event evil befell england settlement revolutionary times inhabitants previously warned spectacle nature seldom seen multitudes oftener credibility rested faith lonely eye witness beheld wonder colored magnifying distorting medium imagination shaped distinctly afterthought majestic idea destiny nations revealed awful hieroglyphics cope heaven scroll wide deemed expansive providence write doom belief favorite forefathers betokening infant commonwealth celestial guardianship peculiar intimacy strictness say individual discovers revelation addressed vast sheet record
hester prynne remained constant resolve known dimmesdale risk present pain ulterior consequences true character crept intimacy days vainly sought opportunity addressing meditative walks knew habit taking shores peninsula wooded hills neighboring country scandal peril holy whiteness clergyman fame visited study penitent ere confessed sins deep dye betokened scarlet letter partly dreaded secret undisguised interference roger chillingworth partly conscious heart imputed suspicion felt partly minister need wide breathe talked reasons hester thought meeting narrower privacy beneath open sky attending sick chamber reverend dimmesdale summoned prayer learnt visit apostle eliot indian converts return hour afternoon morrow betimes hester took pearl necessarily companion mother expeditions inconvenient presence set road wayfarers crossed peninsula mainland footpath straggled onward mystery primeval forest hemmed narrowly stood black dense side disclosed imperfect glimpses sky hester mind imaged amiss moral wilderness wandering
slowly minister walked hester prynne gather voice attract observation length succeeded arthur dimmesdale faintly louder hoarsely arthur dimmesdale speaks answered minister gathering quickly stood erect surprise mood reluctant witnesses throwing eyes anxiously direction voice indistinctly beheld form trees clad garments sombre relieved gray twilight clouded sky heavy foliage darkened noontide knew woman shadow pathway haunted spectre stolen thoughts step nigher discovered scarlet letter hester hester prynne thou art thou answered thou arthur dimmesdale dost thou live wonder questioned actual bodily existence doubted strangely meet dim wood encounter grave spirits intimately connected stood coldly shuddering mutual dread familiar wonted companionship disembodied beings ghost awe stricken ghost awe stricken likewise crisis flung consciousness revealed heart history experience breathless epochs soul beheld features mirror passing moment fear tremulously slow reluctant necessity arthur dimmesdale put hand chill death touched chill hand hester prynne
arthur dimmesdale gazed hester face look hope joy shone fear betwixt kind horror boldness spoken vaguely hinted dared speak hester prynne mind native courage activity period merely estranged outlawed society habituated latitude speculation altogther foreign clergyman wandered rule guidance moral wilderness vast intricate shadowy untamed forest amid gloom holding colloquy decide fate intellect heart home desert places roamed freely wild indian woods past looked estranged point view human institutions priests legislators established criticizing reverence indian feel clerical band judicial robe pillory gallows fireside church tendency fate fortunes set free scarlet letter passport regions women dared tread shame despair solitude teachers stern wild strong taught amiss minister hand experience calculated lead scope generally received laws single instance fearfully transgressed sacred sin passion principle purpose wretched epoch watched morbid zeal minuteness acts easy arrange breath emotion thought
eloquent voice souls listening audience borne aloft swelling waves sea length pause momentary silence profound follow utterance oracles ensued murmur half hushed tumult auditors released high spell transported region mind returning awe wonder heavy moment crowd began gush doors church end needed breath fit support gross earthly relapsed atmosphere preacher converted words flame burdened rich fragance thought open air rapture broke speech street market place absolutely babbled side side applauses minister hearers rest told knew tell hear according united testimony spoken wise high holy spirit spake inspiration breathed mortal lips evidently influence seen descending possessing continually lifting written discourse lay filling ideas marvellous audience subject appeared relation deity communities mankind special reference england planting wilderness drew close spirit prophecy constraining purpose mightily prophets israel constrained difference jewish seers denounced judgments ruin country mission foretell high glorious destiny newly gathered lord
crowd tumult rank dignity stood immediately clergyman surprise perplexed purport saw unable receive explanation readily presented imagine remained silent inactive spectators judgment providence beheld minister leaning hester shoulder supported arm approach scaffold ascend steps hand sin born child clasped roger chillingworth intimately connected drama guilt sorrow actors entitled present closing scene hadst thou sought earth looking darkly clergyman place secret high place lowly place thou couldst escaped save scaffold thanks hath led answered minister trembled turned hester expression doubt anxiety eyes evidently betrayed feeble smile lips murmured dreamed forest hurriedly replied yea die pearl die thee pearl god order minister god merciful let hath plain sight hester dying let haste shame partly supported hester prynne holding hand pearl reverend dimmesdale turned dignified venerable rulers holy ministers brethren heart appalled overflowing tearful sympathy knowing deep matter full sin full anguish repentance likewise laid open
days sufficed arrange thoughts reference foregoing scene account witnessed scaffold spectators testified seen breast unhappy minister scarlet letter semblance worn hester prynne imprinted flesh regarded origin explanations necessarily conjectural affirmed reverend dimmesdale hester prynne wore ignominious badge begun course penance futile methods inflicting hideous torture contended stigma produced subsequent roger chillingworth potent necromancer caused agency magic poisonous drugs able appreciate minister peculiar sensibility wonderful operation spirit body whispered belief awful symbol effect active tooth remorse gnawing inmost heart outwardly manifesting heaven dreadful judgment visible presence letter reader choose theories thrown light acquire portent gladly office erase deep print brain meditation fixed undersirable distinctness singular neverthless persons spectators scene professed removed eyes reverend dimmesdale denied mark breast born infant report dying words acknowledged remotely implied slightest connection part guilt hester prynne worn scarlet letter
consumed food dressed stood shakily feeling element ashore boots missing door reeling slightly put hand steady light square lathes bear weight shattered paper ripping righted shocked woman corridor staring sorry strangely ill ease clumsiness purity room defiled boots woman stared blankly patiently asked sign language hurried passage knelt opened lathe door beckoned voices nearby sound running water doorway found room bare opened veranda steps leading small garden surrounded high wall main entrance women children dressed scarlet robes obviously gardener rake hand bowed gravely heads low astonishment blackthorne saw naked narrow loincloth covering organs morning knowing say stayed motionless bowing nonplussed stared awkwardly bowed straightened smiled bowed garden children stared laughing dashed women disappeared depths house feel eyes saw boots bottom steps pick middle aged woman knees embarrassment helped put
yabu lay hot bath content confident ship revealed wealth wealth gave power dreamed want ashore tomorrow repack muskets crates camouflage nets sacking hundred muskets thought exultantly gunpowder shot toranaga provinces twenty cannon thousand cannon balls abundance ammunition fire arrows crate european quality mura provide porters igurashi san want armament including cannon castle mishima forthwith secret responsible yes lord main hold ship gaped igurashi tall lithe eyed chief retainer zukimoto quartermaster ten sweat stained villagers opened crates mura supervision personal bodyguard samurai knew understand exhilaration need clandestine thought portuguese discovered japan introduced muskets gunpowder eighteen months japanese manufacturing quality nearly european equivalent matter guns considered merely novelty hunting bows accurate important japanese warfare ritual hand hand individual combat sword honorable weapon guns considered cowardly dishonorable completely samurai code bushido warrior bound samurai fight honor live honor die honor undying unquestioning loyalty feudal lord fearless death seek service proud unsullied
ago plague erupted london plague famine riots starving unemployed younger brother family wiped born son perished winter plague vanished easily ship sea repair fortune london company barary merchants voyage west indies hunting spaniards richer navigated kees veerman dutchman voyage search legendary northeast passage cathay spice islands asia supposed exist ice seas north tsarist russia searched kees veerman died arctic wastes eighty percent crew blackthorne turned led rest home ago approached newly formed dutch east india company asked pilot expedition whispered secretly acquired huge cost contraband portuguese rutter supposedly gave secrets magellan strait wanted prove course dutch merchants preferred pilots compare quality englishmen trained monopolistic trinity house awesome rutter forced gamble blackthorne perfect choice protestant pilot alive mother dutch spoke dutch perfectly blackthorne agreed enthusiastically accepted fifteen percent profit fee custom solemnly god sworn allegiance company vowed fleet bring home god going bring erasmus home blackthorne thought
blackthorne seen petite konnichi wa konnichi toranaga bowed courtier nodded boy knelt wide eyed toranaga fat woman veranda encircled small hut hut contained single small room rustic screens hewn beams thatched roof kitchen area set pilings wood raised foot carpet pure white sand ceremonial tea house cha yu ceremony built vast expense rare materials purpose houses isolated glades trysts private conversations blackthorne gathered kimono sat cushion sand front gomen nasai toranaga nihon ga tsuyaku imasu ka interpreter senhor mariko flawless portuguese speak japanese senhorita words phrases blackthorne replied aback expecting father alvito interpreter toranaga accompanied samurai daimyo yabu samurai ringed garden lord toranaga asks ask prefer speak latin whichever wish senhorita educated blackthorne read write speak latin latin language learning civilized woman learn perfect portuguese latin jesuits thought schools re clever thing build school seventy ago ignatius loyola formed society jesus schools finest christendom spread influence bolstered destroyed kings
answer told easy panic forget glory god pride filled arrogant petrified wouldn circumstances received taiko sunset favor triumphal meeting pomp ceremony act contrition taiko seemingly point converting awakened middle night taiko expulsion edicts decreeing religious orders japan twenty days pain death return worse japanese converts land ordered recant immediately exiled put death driven despair superior widly advised kyushu christian daimyos onoshi misaki kiyama harima nagasaki rebel save church written frantically conquistadores stiffen revolt fire spluttered danced iron grate yes true dell aqua thought known da consulted takes months send letter goa months return da write immediately superior cope disaster dell aqua sailed immediately receiving letter hastily arranged credentials ambassador viceroy goa months arrive macao learn da dead fathers forbidden enter japan pain death guns ten weeks news church obliterated japan taiko enforcing laws half hundred churches burned
cortege surrounding litters slowly maze castle continual checkpoints formal bows documents meticulously examined afresh captain group escorting grays took passed checkpoint blackthorne watched increasing misgivings captain guard close scrutinize drawn curtains litter bowed politely half seen figure hearing muffled sobs course waved knows blackthorne asking desperately maids explain re frightened certainly known lady sazuko decoy absolutely mariko don think yabu toranaga trust neckless maniac buntaro obviously highly secret escape attempt toranaga risk castle safer inside secrecy escaping ishido assassins castle blackthorne thought wishing safely galley sea toranaga discovered going rain dung fight going death quarter asked unarmed brace pistols twenty pounder hundred bully boys grays swamp run hide stuffed fornicator whichever count tiring san mariko asked daintily walk ride thanks replied sourly missing boots thonged slippers awkward legs fine wishing safe sea sea safe senhora blackthorne heard thinking lord jesus hope don give toranaga terrible simpler seen
yabu glanced swords blackthorne sitting cross cushion front place honor mariko side igurashi main room fortress omi finished talking yabu shrugged handled badly nephew course consort duty protect san property course wear swords yes handled badly clear san honored guest apologize immediately omi knelt front blackthorne bowed apologize error san heard mariko say barbarian accepted apology bowed calmly place sat calm inside totally consumed idea killing yabu decided unthinkable kill liege lord head clan apologize publicly barbarian yabu omi knew unnecesarily inept yabu stupidly ordered pistols tonight knew manipulated left house stolen later broken later san perfectly correct give pistols consort told equally correct certainly pulled trigger aim true secret usagi fujiko sought death omi knew earlier decision morning kill yabu stepped forward death pistols died nobly ordered death nobly women told tragic tale generations
blackthorne watched finished home silence house pall village bath feel clean sake foulness mouth incense unclog stench nostrils later yabu attack dissected moment moment omi naga mariko naga cold listening rarely commenting command touched happened worked till sunset yabu ordered tempo training stepped hundred formed week blackthorne walked home ate beset ghastly discovery sense sin conscienceless mariko night couldn sleep left house wind tugging gusts frothing waves stronger squall debris clattering village hovel dogs howled sky foraged rice thatched roofs moved living things shutters banging women silent wraiths fought closed barred tide heavily fishing boats hauled safety farther beach usual battened walked shore returned house leaning press wind met rain squalled soon drenched fujiko waited veranda wind ripping guttering shielded oil lamp awake servants hurried readying buckets water trying repair roof gardener ya helped children lashing tender bushes trees bamboo stakes gust rocked house going blow mariko san wind clawing fujiko wind tears corners eyes
invited hunt naga san repeat views heard toranaga beg father stop training outlaw guns destroy barbarian declare experiment failure obscenity head head today let end won advice learn patience puppy patient destroyng duty point stay hunting wasting enemies pulling regents meet tomorrow fifths daimyos japan osaka re important refuse impeached save home yedo surrounded legions re naked protect barely thousand yabu san mobilized izu thousand twenty ri closing borders spies say fleet waiting northward sink try escape galley re prisoner don carrier pigeon ishido yabu destroy wants planning treachery ishido sure considering wouldn wouldn soon dead absolutely merited family clan vassals absolutely unforgivable re stupid truculent fool won mind won listen won learn won curb tongue temper let manipulated childish believe solved edge sword
kiku skillful fingers strummed chord plectrum held firmly began sing purity voice filled hushed night sat spellbound large room open veranda garden entranced extraordinary effect flickering torches gold threads kimono catching light leaned samisen toranaga glanced momentarily aware night currents side mariko sat blackthorne buntaro omi yabu side side place honor empty zataki invited course regretfully declined due ill health seen galloping northern hills presently pillowing legendary strength naga carefully chosen guards gyoko hovering background kiku san knelt veranda facing garden tiny rare mariko toranaga thought courtesan worth money spirit beguiled anxiety zataki lessened send tonight sleep manhood stirred remembered night gyoko san wished asked private quarters fortress yes sire lit measured length incense proceed gyoko bowed eyes seen kiku closely nearness improved exquisite features unmarked rigors profession play music talk surprised gyoko prepared talk front kiku obeyed music tonight night soothe accompaniment business hand tonight excite awe promise
journey mishima took days night part night secretly unwittingly yoshinaka assisted inn naturally choose adjacent rooms hope object lady security easier say mariko agree center room kiku gyoko side blackthorne dark night leave maid chimmoko adjoining rooms coupled usual chatter night sounds singing carousing travelers swarms present anxious maids alert outward guarding sentries wiser chimmoko privy secret mariko aware eventually gyoko kiku women party worry samurai word carry caught blatantly samurai yoshinaka dare open door night uninvited concerned blackthorne shared bed chimmoko maids inn business woman betray betrayed betrayer women party die vulgar lingering death disgustng betrayal wished reached mishima yedo knew put death whim slightest indiscretion real alleged mariko sure toranaga object killing certainly applaud gyoko private heart mariko sure object kiku half thousand koku buy courtesan rank
irritably toranaga shook head information interesting worth making son samurai mariko replied loyal vassal sire honored deduct hundred koku contract fee needy samurai generosity merely guilt original usurious asking price worth considering sire idea guild classes courtesans reaching effects neh harm don agree rewarded reason granting honor ridiculous surely didn ask impertinent sire suggestion believe valuable valuable secrets lies days lies toranaga rang small bell equerry appeared instantly door sire courtesan kiku quarters sire gyoko woman yes sire send castle send lodge inn class inn tell wait send toranaga testily vanished disgusting pimps wanting samurai filthy peasants don place anymore mariko watched sitting cushion fan waving desultorily jarred change gloom irritation petulance buoyant confidence listened secrets interest excitement expected poor thought pity information wise cast things prepare unknown
city streets nearing sea michael turned corner open fish market pretty maids fat maids ladies youths buyers sellers children gaped began bowing hastily blackthorne samurai stalls panniers bamboo trays kinds fish sea sparkling fresh laid cleanly swimming tanks prawns shrimps lobster crabs crayfish clean london thought absently fish sold saw row food stalls side small charcoal brazier caught full perfume broiling crayfish jesus thinking changed direction immediately samurai barred gomen nasai kinjiru iye blackthorne replied roughly watashi tabetai desu neh watashi san neh hungry san blackthorne began push senior officer hurried intercept quickly michael stepped talked placatingly authority asked permission reluctantly granted san officer says eat wish blackthorne pointed giant prawns headless split length pink white fleshed shells crisped perfection tear eyes tell officer haven eaten days suddenly famished sorry fish seller teeth leathery skin wore loincloth puffed pride stall chosen picked prawns nimble chopsticks laid neatly bamboo tray set sizzle
dawns later toranaga checking girths saddle deftly kneed horse belly stomach muscles relaxed tightened strap notches rotten animal thought despising horses constant trickeries treacheries ill tempered dangerousness yoshi toranaga noh noh brained child waited moment kneed horse hard horse grunted rattled bridle tightened straps completely sire hunt master admiration gnarled strong weathered brine pickled vat satisfied rider saddle slipped fool thrown maybe broken noon neh samurai laughed yes deserving sire stable area guards falconers carrying hooded hawks falcons ko peregrine place honor dwarfing unhooded kogo goshawk golden merciless eyes scrutinizing naga led horse morning father morning son brother lord waiting camp sire toranaga smiled youth liked drew side listen son going hunting write battle orders sign return evening father naga bursting pride honor formally taking gauntlet cast ishido handwriting implementing decision yesterday council war order armies passes thank thank musket regiment ordered hakone dawn tomorrow baggage train yedo arrive afternoon sure ready yes certainly soon fight soon night received news ishido heir left osaka review armies committed
toranaga rise camp party grouped kogo gauntlet hunted coast going hills village hours sun left want waste sun knowing hunt today thought tomorrow war today put house order pretending kwanto safe izu safe succession live winter spring hunt leisure ah today killed ko flown dream perfectly kill naga anjiro beautiful forgotten stoop wily cock pigeon today crane times size lure perfectly pheasant pointed dogs cast falcon circling station aloft pheasant flushed soaring climbing falling begun forever kill beautiful ko lure fed fist proudly hare occurred san enjoy meat finishing satisfied toranaga decided game pot quickened pace wanting fail outriders led past camp winding road crest greatly pleased critical gaze swept camp seeking dangers found weapon training regimental training firing forbidden san nearby pleased
action person takes explained points view suppose walk street act terms firing nerves activate muscles move legs transport street reference body green light stimulus respond crossing street action explained terms ultimate purpose goal plan visit friend crossing street acts involved carrying plan ways describing simple act crossing street approaches psychology schemes categories presented provide insight major conceptions modern psychology diverse viewpoints repeatedly book provide description main points bear mind approaches mutually exclusive tend focus aspects complex problem wrong approach study human behavior psychologists eclectic approach synthesis viewpoints explaining psychological phenomena human brain billion nerve cells infinite number interconnections pathways complex structure universe principle psychological events represented manner activity brain nervous system conjunction body systems approach study human beings attempts relate actions events taking place inside body brain nervous system approach seeks neurobiological processes underlie behavior mental events
movement neural impulse nerve flow electric current wire electricity travels speed light miles nerve impulse human body travel miles hour depending diameter axon factors analogy fuse fuse lighted part fuse lights part impulse regenerated details neural transmission complex process electrochemical thin membrane holds protoplasm cell equally permeable types electrically charged ions float protoplasm cell liquid surrounding cell resting cell membrane keeps positively charged sodium ions potassium ions chloride ions result small electrical potential difference membrane inside nerve cell slightly negative resting potential axon nerve cell stimulated electric potential membrane reduced point stimulation reduction potential large permeability cell membrane suddenly allowing sodium ions enter cell process called depolarization cell membrane negative respect inside change affects adjacent portion axon causing membrane permit inflow sodium ions process repeating length axon nerve impulse nerve impulse known action potential contrast resting potential neuron nerve impulse generated anew stage axon diminish size transmission
noted earlier peripheral nervous system includes nerves connecting brain spinal cord outlying regions body consists divisions somatic system controls skeletal muscles receives information skin muscles sensory receptors autonomic system controls glands smooth muscles comprise heart blood vessels lining stomach intestines muscles called smooth microscopic examination shows lack striated appearance characteristic skeletal muscles somatic system controls striated muscles autonomic system controls smooth muscles autonomic nervous system derives fact activities controls autonomous regulating digestion circulation continue person asleep unconscious autonomic nervous system divisions sympathetic parasympathetic antagonistic actions side spinal column lie chains nerve fibers masses cell bodies ganglia fibers extend visceral organs chains known sympathetic chains fibers coming spinal cord sympathetic chains originate thoracic lumbar portions spine cervical neck sacral lower spine regions fibers ganglia constitute sympathetic division autonomic system sympathetic division tends act unit emotional excitement simultaneously speeds heart dilates arteries skeletal muscles heart constricts arteries skin digestive organs action leads perspiration secretion hormones increase emotional arousal parasympathetic division parts fibers originating cranial region sympathetic system originating sacral region sympathetic system
senses vision audition important survival lack richness patterning organization led call sight hearing higher senses symbolic experiences expressed largely visual auditory terms spoken language heard written language seen musical notation permits music read played instrument braille raised form printing permits blind read comparable symbolic coding odors tastes touches evolutionary viewpoint smell primitive important senses sense organ smell position prominence head sense intended guide behavior smell direct route brain sense receptors high nose olfactory epithelium nasal cavity connected synapse directly olfactory bulbs brain lie frontal lobes olfactory bulbs turn connected olfactory cortex inside temporal lobes extend neighboring cortex exact neural connections unknown fish olfactory cortex makes entire cerebral hemispheres dogs olfactory cortex represents area side brain humans represents twentieth area reason united states postal service bureau customs dogs trained check unopened packages heroin marijuana specially trained police dogs sniffed hidden explosives primary taste qualities sweet sour salty bitter taste experiences composed fusions qualities senses smell texture temperature pain judging pleasure diners derive highly spiced food contribute sensations experience taste food
perceptions selective react equally stimuli impinging focus perceptual focusing called attention attentive processes selected stimuli focus resist distracting stimuli sit reading stop moment close eyes attend stimuli affecting notice tightness left shoe presssure clothing shoulders sounds coming room constantly bombarded stimuli attend fact brains hopelessly overloaded attend stimulus present environment brains select stimuli pertinent ignore change stimulus makes important notice evidence actively attending stimuli register form perceptual system recognize consider takes place cocktail party complex mixture sounds generated voices able listen voice think attending voices let corner room mention immediately aware apparently nervous system monitors voices relevant stimuli aware activity cocktail party situation raises interesting questions able focus attention conversation surround register conversations attending cues enable concentrate voice babel directions sound lip movements speaker voice characteristics speaker voice male female speed intonation
small quantities alcohol appears stimulant reality depressant inhibits restraints social behavior initial relaxation turn anger aggression later depressing effects drowsiness sleep concentrations percent blood alcohol produces lightheadedness relaxation release inhibitions concentration percent say cocktails bottles beer sensory motor functions severely impaired drinker seriously incapacitated level percent level percent death legal definition intoxication concentration percent consumption alcohol leads intoxication altered noted earlier consequent effects conscious experiences experiences illustrate dissociation occasionally intoxicated persons sober amnesia occurred drunk intoxicated memory previous drunken episode return dependent learning learned forgotten recalled drugs alcohol characteristically produce dependent learning classified dissociative drugs hallucinations excessive alcohol occur main forms delirium tremens visual hallucinations snakes turkey gobblers animal forms terrify patient symptom alcoholic poisoning sets alcohol withdrawn drugs produce withdrawal symptoms addiction occurred delirium tremens death alcoholic hallucinosis person experiences auditory hallucinations hearing voices influence alcohol disoriented symptoms correspond respects schizophrenia underlying personality problems produce condition cases drugs produce visual auditory hallucinations
dual memory theory successfully accounted wide range memory phenomena problems recent evident alternatives theory developed major problem concerns rehearsal dual memory theory assumes rehearsal se transfer information permanent memory simply repeating words attempt organize relate memories increase term recall conflicting results experiments show rehearsal increases term recall experiments show rehearsal complicated phenomenon previously thought problem dual memory theory incomplete say encoding item meaning deeply elaborately increase recall phenomenon cropped times recent critics dual memory theory emphasized deficiency begun develop alternative approach called depth processing general idea approach item entering memory system analyzed stages early stages analyze perceptual properties item visual acoustic properties later stages analyze meaning categories fits relation items memory level processing leaves residue trace memory deeper level processing stronger trace memory
discussion language enormity task confronting children master levels language proper pronunciations infinite number ways words combined sentences express thoughts wonder virtually children cultures accomplish mere considered acquisition phonemes rules combination section focus striking aspect language development children learn combine words phrases sentences express thoughts let beginning preverbal children acquire types knowledge begin speak children learn specific facts mother food toy makes noise things talk utter words preverbal children learn roles things play animals play role agents actions moving moving objects things blocks tables cribs power play role objects things play role places moveable hold receive objects knowledge roles agent object place reflected children sentences begin speak preverbal children learn communicate gestures month olds adult points object look object adult hand months later children begin point order pick things individuals trying communicate knowledge facts roles communications sets stage acquiring sentences
regulation food intake crucial survival nature provided homeostatic controls sensory signals eating eliminated smell taste sensory information coming stomach organism able regulate food intake control systems regulate feeding integrated region brain called hypothalamus hypothalamus small collection cell nuclei located base brain numerous connections brain parts pituitary gland greater density blood vessels area brain readily influenced chemical blood hypothalamus plays important role regulation food intake physicians observed patients tumors injury region hypothalamus overeat condition called hyperphagia obese development precise instruments exploring brain researchers areas influence food intake lateral hypothalamus lh initiates eating start feeding center ventromedial hypothalamus vmh inhibits eating stop satiety center study function specific brain area stimulate spot weak electric current stimulation lh cells satiated animal eat stimulation vmh cells inhibits eating weak current slows animal feeding behavior stronger current stop entirely study function brain area destroy cells region observe animal behavior area longer exerts control cells lh destroyed animal refuses eat drink die fed watered artifically damage cells vmh produces overeating obesity species investigated rat chicken monkey human
psychologists view intelligence general capacity comprehension reasoning manifests ways assumption test contained kinds items testing abilities memory span arithmetic vocabulary noted bright children tended score higher dull children assumed tasks sampled basic ability faculty intelligence fundamental faculty alteration lack utmost importance practical faculty judgment called sense practical sense initiative faculty adapting circumstances judge comprehend reason essential activities intelligence despite diverse subscales comprise tests david wechsler believes intelligence aggregate global capacity individual act purposefully think rationally deal effectively environment psychologists question thing general intelligence believe intelligence tests sample number mental abilities independent method obtaining precise information kinds abilities determine performance intelligence tests factor analysis factor analysis technique determine minimum number dimensions factors account observed relations correlations subjects responses large number tests method intricate describe detail table understanding factor analysis tries accomplish originator factor analysis charles spearman proposed individuals possess general intelligence factor called varing amounts person generally bright generally dull depending amount according spearman factor major determinant performance intelligence test items
families culture share comon beliefs customs values growing child learns behave ways expected culture expectations sex roles cultures expect behaviors males females sex roles vary culture culture considered natural culture boys girls predictable differences personality merely belong sex culture complex united states numerous subcultures views things moral values standards cleanliness style dress definitions success cultural subgroup exerts influence developing personality boys expected show personality characteristics compared girls boy raised urban slum expected behave differently respects boy raised middle class suburb roles occupations choosing roles patterned culture behaviors expected doctors truck drivers rock stars opera singers sure occupational stereotypes rigid recent longer shocked male business executives hair ears female telephone line workers male operators rock singers crew cuts extent feel comfortable occupation behave occupation extent adult behavior conforms social occupational roles predictable pretty expect formal reception political demonstration football game funeral cultural pressures impose personality similarities individual personality completely predictable knowledge group person raised reasons cultural impacts person uniform transmitted parents alike values practices individual experiences unique
focusing individual unique perception interpretation events phenomenological approach brings role private experience study personality theories discussed concentrates healthy person emphasizes positive optimistic view human nature major criticism phenomenological approach difficulty validating concepts clearly defined criteria maslow selecting persons vague viewing lives famous studied maslow find characteristics listed table characteristics negatively related individuals known concern human welfare satisfying interpersonal relationships spouses children eleanor roosevelt abraham lincoln examples fulfilled potential areas neglecting areas phenomenologists distinguish causal agent doer behavior concept individual attitudes feelings concept certainly influences behavior nature relationship clear individual conceive honest trustworthy behave varying degrees honesty situations personal beliefs attitudes result behavior reverse true modify beliefs consistent behavior individual perceives interprets events important understanding personality scientific study personality needs determine potentialities realized order study personality theory methods assessing personality variables informal appraisals personality selecting friends sizing potential workers choosing candidates political office deciding marriage partner implicit predictions future behavior
returning original clear patty hearst conversion revolutionary ideology sla seen gradual identification captors surprising press members sla patty captivity similar age social class education recently adopted radical ideology patty broken sufficiently conventional conservative mores living fiance college students moved liberal left political attitudes conversion radical ideology extreme conversion experienced liberal minded students vietnam conflict era expressing alarm bizarre brainwashing patty hearst wonder similar conversion similar women belonged sla true circumstances patty hearst abduction greatly enhanced potential power sla reference group beginning justifiably frightened killed sla members treated quickly attempted induce friendship unanticipated reward context fear powerful technique emphasizes captive dependency group leads sense relief gratitude patty cut reference groups checking competing points view ensuring person hears single point view captivity common technique coercive persuasion circumstances greatly magnified kinds control exercised reference groups generally social reward punishment providing perspective interpretation
prejudice reduced individuals need begin seeing situations break assumption members group inferior hard roles meet continue reinforce assumption white professional continues interact blacks low status occupational roles educated interracial contacts lead participant change traditional assumptions roles extreme reinforce prejudices similar kinds prejudice maintained sides daily encounters members ethnic minority groups white shop owners white welfare agency employees encounters need unpleasant hostile fact congenial participants equal status contacts continue perpetuate stereotypes part arose place precisely role status differences noted earlier stereotypes arise treat person meet individual find initial assumptions basis group membership getting person individual learn stereotype fit daily contact person getting individually interracial contacts characteristic research shown black white housewives live apartment building brought circumstances individuals greater acceptance result persons group personal basis revise prejudices begin meet individuals violate stereotypes individuals similar
blessed wisdom hindsight easy recognize biases behavioral scientists earlier era decades added experience behavioral sciences sophisticated methodologically taught guard unconscious biases interpretation data objectivity behavioral science secure earlier biases enter behavioral sciences subtle ways investigator biases perspectives orientations enter decision questions pursue formulate questions white psychologists studied black ghetto family nuclear white family implicit ideal model investigator sees weakness decay pathology ghetto family fails alternate forms strength existence extended family structure black families advantages found highly mobile white middle class families notice methods investigation completely objective bias entered question formulated kind bias creeps behavioral science research simple neglect important line research psychology focused motivation achieve individual motivation achieve excellence typically assessed research asking write story picture displayed experimenter stories rated scored amount achievement motivation reflect found early research procedure worked male subjects subsequent research male subjects
human tendencies human wondering human beings makes person tick question find asking human situation watch children play note unconsciously differences obvious child strides confidently playground moves shyly secretively place place dashes hurriedly activity differences immediately strike immediately find wondering johnny act mary acts completely differently line questioning kind natural curiosity helps notice explore wide range human activity perceive fact young children months exception special circumstances say person enters person leaves ask questions curious human beings certainly basic human tendency gave rise field call psychology tendency ask questions learning gave rise subject educational psychology humans learn ask conditions promote learning learn differently ages ways teach evidence questions found century writings greek historian herodotus description ancient civilization phrygia herodotus describes length elaborate experiment educational psychology ancient civilization curious find language infants speak didn talk grew outcome experiment farcical fact experiment undertaken shows humans wanted find needed learning human behavior
late nineteenth century visitor public schools concluded classroom activity consisted called game recitation pupils teacher systematic question answer exercise teacher ask series short factual questions rapidity machine gunner class pay attention tell discovered america ships names voyage question pause students hands raised called speed light student correct answer point teacher fire question skip class calling pupils hands raised answer called observer nineteenth century classroom noted interaction teacher pupil exclusively mechanical process emphasize rote learning repetition facts memorized teacher textbook inquiry unknown instances pupil stopped moment reflection teacher remarked abruptly don stop think tell impressions call trivia classroom credence observers english educator noted honoured tradition american classrooms question answer recitation distinct contrast lecture method continent europe study classroom interaction substantiated question answer predominant approach teaching country stenographic notes actual classroom discussions days tape recorders researcher found percent classroom talk consisted asking answering factual questions questions called rote memory ability phrase answer terms teacher
species inhabit earth growth development slowest homo sapiens human spends physical immaturity depending care protection order survive months child learning walk run consistent steadiness communicate fears joys needs species grow full maturity rhesus monkey attained sexual maturity rat senile development large muscles achievement mobility typical child comparable chimpanzee months rabbit weeks colt hours ago study dramatically illustrated difference growth rates species husband wife psychologist team raised infant son donald baby chimpanzee named gua donald gua treated alike wore clothes fed food general tender loving care taught amount practice things standing walking eating spoon toilet training situation competitive nightmare poor litle donald gua outstripped donald barely able pull erect position gua walking running pirouetting grace ballet dancer donald difficulty picking spoon gua spoon feed easily spilling donald propped strapped seat swing hung limply loosely gua performing trapeze artist swing enormous difference heredity rate maturation obviously allowed gua reach genetic potential sooner donald
significant educational implication cognitive development growth stage depends activity words development brain power fixed birth function activity stage children engage activities learn mean sit listen observe speaking development piaget sensorimotor causality derive perceptive causality contrary visual perceptive causality based kinesthetic causality dependent activity proper quote demonstrating difficult understand passage piaget significance equation intelligence equals activity recall anthropological studies especially studies prehistoric humans brainpower increased invention tools manipulation tools acting operating axes knives primitive shovels induced brain grow sense primitive women began tools challenged tools invent efficient effective tools effect rising challenge posed activity manipulation tools increased capacity understand sophisticated cognitively activity developed mind critical point key phrase piaget writings activity produces cognitive growth writings educators piaget calls active school american question speed growth inevitably technologically oriented society asks piaget calls american question speed development question asked united states accelerate stages answer obviously piaget shown speed process intellectual growth
children begin speak meaningful language babies engage wide range vocalizations crying sound months babies cooing series soft primarily vowel sounds produced baby relaxed content babies age gurgle speech involves consonant vowel sounds addition babies aware speech early months stop vocalizing listen talking months phase babbling occurs babbling continue child differs cooing ways child spends making sounds babble lying crib going sleep awakening combinations sounds cooing highly unstructured babbling consists consonant vowel sounds combined syllables ka di lastly months age child begins string sounds repeating syllable patterns mi mi mi mi mi mi mi shirley observations babies recorded babblings bah bah bah period babies begin vary pitch volume vocalizations manner real speech eric lenneberg psychologist extensive research language development children countries device called sound spectograph transforms sounds wave patterns transcribed paper obtained records sample infant vocalizations records show distinct differences components sounds child crying cooing babbling sounds mother tries copy child responding cooing babbling sounds
discussion increasing valuable emphasis trying assess meaning child language term linguists give aspect language involves meaning understanding semantics complex area categorize obviously part language child means product thought processes present cognitive theorists extending research area language development mentioned piaget notion language development part broader general cognitive development semantic development recent study analyzing vocabulary parts speech traditionally describe adult language nouns verbs adjectives vocabularies eighteen children ages analyzed categories representing functions small percentage words action words modifiers thirds vocabulary consisted words naming things children acquire words simply hearing learned words related things play manipulate children experiences experiences homes developed vocabulary quickly piaget believes children develop concepts manner interacting environments child specialty area knew number words paul knew names animals total vocabulary thirty words jane knew names types food mastered fifty words child words represent higher level concepts words called superordinate words paul word animal jane food superordinate concepts develop children close school age study kinds experiences child influence growth specific concepts development language
study learning heart psychology especially american psychology origin ago harvard psychologist william james discussed importance learning later called habit enormous fly wheel society precious conservative agent keeps fisherman deckhand sea winter holds miner darkness keeps social strata mixing james felt learning especially childhood shapes directs later lives young realize soon mere walking bundles habits give heed conduct plastic paraphrase james saying society realized soon children walking bundles habits society give heed importance early childhood education programs study learning core area american psychology pursuit study serene debates full sound fury nature process learning shattered foundation fledgling discipline psychologists rigid behaviorists john watson felt learning involved patterning overt responses knowledge psychologists resides muscular reactions cerebral exercise driving favorite ice cream store arms legs route head psychologists correct extent kinds learning occur result response patterning try explaining youngster tie necktie impossible transmit knowledge words exist completely conceptual level find demonstrate stand child responses restricted rigid tie necktie facing
look positions learning theorists questioning theories future classroom teacher study learning complicated generated conflicting explanations prospective teacher begin understand learning process let stand front roomful children help learn study learning complicated controversies outlined part reason theoretical positions learning means things child memorizing poem rat finding maze baby trying imitate adult saying bye bye smoker choosing brand cigarettes teenage boy fearing avoiding contact sports young geometry student suddenly seeing solution difficult problem thoughts behavior learned learning adaptive non adaptive conscious unconscious overt covert feelings attitudes learned certainly facts skills learning means things controversies result merely theorists studying aspects learning blind feeling elephant describes part happens contact present knowledge learning incomplete complicated classroom teacher profit scientific principles learning translated classroom order learning efficient productive chapter spotlight falls contemporary theorists skinner jerome bruner philosophical lineage skinner today eloquent behaviorist bruner influential cognitive
bruner principle states subject area body knowledge organized optimal fashion transmitted understood student appropriately structured idea problem body knowledge presented form simple learner understand recognizable form say nuances einstein theory relativity fully mastered child mean properly structured einstein general position understood child questioning child convey physicist recognizable account theory according bruner structure body knowledge characterized ways mode presentation economy power mode presentation refers technique method information communicated reasons teachers despair trying explain fundamental point seemingly uncomprehending child teacher mode presentation simply fit child level experience child remain uncomprehending message incomprehensible bruner believes person means achieving understanding enactive iconic symbolic representation young children understand things terms actions children demonstrate understanding principles balance beam referring experiences seesaw child end heavier compensate sliding end child lighter push youself farther forward young children define words terms actions chair sit spoon eat children enactive stage thinking important teacher messages contact muscles
characterized teaching learning difficult complex processes noted previous chapter teaching encompasses infinite number components makeup child unique nature group children attitudes values adult teacher chapter focuses teacher determines happens happen classroom question teacher major influence class influence positive negative question hand schooling operated assumption children school fault teachers competent worst inflict harm teaching problems diagnosed problems pupil learning need harder pay closer attention teacher stop talking statement certainly characterizes usual assumption teacher mastered rudimentary skills rest pupils realize teacher chief agent success failure classroom distressing find recent studies education teacher architect educational failure words failure pupils learn traced directly teacher elusive factors education concerns human qualities effective teacher standing myths education teachers manifest noble virtues human frailties character teacher caesar wife reproach teacher contract north carolina personal requirements promise abstain dancing immodest dressing conduct unbecoming teacher lady
number attempts resolve mentioned dilemma common approach say teaching indoctrination face teaching form brainwashing view proclaims adults kids adults induct generation children ways adult need upset indoctrination simply things natural law saying wrong teaching class values majority view middle class anyway fact rhetoric makes shabby rationalizations palatable raises questions answers elegant solution dilemma suggest teachers express genuine personal values present sides question fairly impartially anthropologists studying culture teachers trained neutrality values plurality relativism views merit receive equal treatment freedom views teachers expected pursue embody views equal vigor adequate means conveying impossibility neutrality teaching offer social studies teacher supervising group teacher trainees embroiled controversy trainees insisted pupils free future teachers impose views children social studies master teacher point gave dialogue invited teachers training observe class point dramatically knew decided teach pupils disadvantages advantages concentration camps war ii
correlation imply causation tool making predictions correlation statement relationship variables tells extent variables extent occur correlation college board scores college grades means variables college board scores college grades tend occur high college board scores tend higher college grade point averages low college board scores correlations general forms positive negative positive correlations produced individuals score high variable score high positive correlation height weight means individual average height average weight average height correspondingly average weight negative correlations produced individuals score high variable tend score low score low score high negative correlation college grades number absences means average college grades tend fewer absences average college grades tend average number absences finally correlations produced individuals score high variable likely score high variable score low individuals score low variable likely score low variable score high order express degree variables correlated single number number vary minus
result gradual revision educational theory series milestone legal decisions special education called atypical exceptional children undergoing period major formulation traditionally societies policies regard children teenagers labelled handicapped difficult remolding exclusion deviate status placement civilizations societies times naturally variety methods achieve policy goal chapter describe methods discuss shortcomings view current psychological understanding children emergence series education laws follow discussion current classification schemes special education movement mainstreaming implications classroom teachers noted chapter practically societies practiced remolding reshaping children early formative utilizing methods vary benign grotesque wives tale suggests important play soft music young children soothe beast breast extreme medieval practice exorcism popularized recent movie objective remolding methods essentially fit child society means degree process socialization designed eliminate individual variation difference remolding form physically reshaping child binding feet elongating neck alteration physiological characteristics conditioning feeding patterns recall debate demand versus scheduled eating psychological reshaping brainwashing societies attempted physical physiological psychological means remake children course societies seek rebuild child completely adult image clear major goal policy eliminating real imagined negative attributes children
addition obvious importance teacher atitudes need consider side coin teaching skills classroom teacher positive attitudes universe called retarded children requisite teaching skills help noted earlier critical developmental assumptions retarded children develop piagetian stages especially motor preoperational concrete manner similar regular children slower rates interaction rich stimulating environment active learning promote growth educational researcher david hunt shown repeatedly key series studies important match educational environment stage development child pupils functioning low levels conceptual thinking tend learn adequately highly structured teaching environment elementary schools pupils attempting master initial stages concrete thinking hunt definitely support carefully structured teaching strike overmanaging child shutting possibility creativity preplanned programmed view child position negative children starting school low conceptual levels confused easily ambiguity afraid ask clarification especially children apparently understand directions conditions children revert lower stage thinking threshold learning think concretely confused anxious unsure educational task understandable fall earlier mode thought preoperational thinking educational standpoint careful structured approach teaching legitimate means helping called slower lower conceptual children master initial tasks
important issue education public policy called performance competency base teaching logic clear reasoning faultless teaching accountable school boards colleges education observable terms list positive teacher competencies list identified merely hold catalogue competent behaviors teacher measures recent upsurge interest nation doubt partly due clear simple logic appeal sounds reasonable certainly appealing viewing teaching learning enigma creation consortium performance based teacher education national conference competency assessment research evaluation attest growing institutionalization concept departments education teachers unions educational administrators heavily involved process analyzing teaching competency base possibility states require series behaviorally teacher competencies pre service service teacher certification words requiring accumulation undergraduate graduate course credits teaching certificate states move certification based teacher behaviors form competency checklist teacher actually perform classroom children criterion course grades difficulties competency framework promise hard quarrel basic objective run teacher actually performs counts surgeon write papers theories medicine couldn handle scalpel wouldn line operating room appendectomies lawyer write brilliant briefs couldn conduct cross examination choice important trial
frank threw shoe hissing cold water straightened didn ache days smithying father months frank knew introduction forge anvil measured hatred resentment throwing hammer box pushed lank black hair brow trembling hand dragged leather apron neck shirt lay heap straw corner plodded stood moment staring splintering barn wall exist black eyes wide fixed small feet inches thin striplings bare shoulder arms muscles knotted working hammer pale flawless skin gleamed sweat darkness hair eyes foreign tang full mouth wide bridged nose usual family shape maori blood mother side showed nearly sixteen bob barely eleven jack ten hughie stuart meggie remembered today meggie december put shirt left barn house lay top small hill hundred feet higher barn stables zealand houses wooden rambling squares story theory earthquake struck left standing gorse grew moment smothered rich yellow flowers grass green luxuriant zealand grass
trip wahine eighteen months meggie farther home barn smithy hollow morning school excited vomited breakfast bundled bedroom washed changed lovely costume navy blue big white sailor collar horrid brown wincey buttoned high neck felt choking heaven sake meggie feel sick tell don sit late mess clean re going hurry re late bell sister agatha sure cane behave mind brothers bob jack hughie stu hopping front gate fee finally pushed meggie door luncheon jam sandwiches satchel meggie late bob shouted moving road meggie dwindling forms brothers run clock morning gentle sun hours dew dried grass deep shade wahine road wheel rutted earthen track ribbons dark red separated wide band bright green grass white calla lilies orange nasturtiums flowered profusely high grass side neat wooden fences bordering properties warned trespassing bob walked school top hand fences balancing leather satchel head wearing haversack style left hand fence belonged jack permitted younger clearys domain road
days christmas paddy brought home weekly newspaper stack books library paper took precedence books editors conceived idea based fancy american magazines occasionally found zealand entire middle section feature war blurred photographs anzacs storming pitiless cliffs gallipoli articles extolling bravery soldier features australian zealand winners victoria cross inception magnificent full page etching australian light horse cavalry mounted charger saber ready silky feathers pluming turned side slouch hat opportunity frank seized paper read feature hungrily drinking jingoistic prose eyes glowing eerily daddy want laid paper reverently table fee head jerked slopped stew top stove paddy stiffened windsor chair book forgotten re young frank seventeen daddy huns turks slaughter pigs sitting safe sound cleary bit re age frank won don object frank countered quickly dark eyes fixed paddy face object re working moment need money bring paid army paddy laughed soldier shilling eh blacksmith wahine pays lot soldier europe maybe chance blacksmith daddy
father ralph watched meggie tenderly brushing patsy curly red head jims standing obediently rockily waiting turn pairs bright blue eyes turned adoringly tiny mother thing born mused peculiar obsession women infants age regarded duty pure pleasure alluring fast deliberately prolonging process crimping patsy hair fingers shape waves unruliness priest charmed activity whacked side dusty boot crop stared moodily veranda big house hidden ghost gums vines profusion station buildings pepper trees lay isolation hub station head stockman residence plot weaving spider center vast web father re watching meggie accused sorry meggie thinking turned finished jims stood watching expectantly bent scooped twins hip let auntie mary meggie track carrying crop leading chestnut mare toted infants easy familiarity mind mile creek big house cookhouse relinquished twins ecstatic mrs smith passed walkway main house meggie side mary carson sitting wing chair moved days necessity paddy capable overseeing things
meggie ignorant meaning phrase hackneyed facts circumstances conspired block avenue learned father drew rigid line males family females subjects breeding mating discussed front women front women fully clothed kind books clue appeared drogheda friends age contribute education absolutely harnessed needs house house sexual activities home paddock creatures literally sterile mary carson didn breed horses bought martin king bugela bred horses stallions nuisance drogheda didn stallions bull wild savage beast pen strictly bounds meggie frightened dogs kenneled chained mating scientific supervised exercise conducted paddy bob eagle eye bounds watch pigs meggie hated resented feed truth wasn meggie watch tiny brothers ignorance breeds ignorance unawakened body mind sleep events awareness catalogues automaticaly meggie fifteenth birthday summer heat building stupefying peak noticed brown streaky stains drawers weeks later shame turned terror thought signs dirty bottom mortification appearance unmistakably blood
dawn lightening darkness lay soft thick hot drogheda revels extremely noisy homestead possessed door neighbors police called vomiting copiously revoltingly veranda wispy bottle brush indistinct forms locked father ralph avoided vomiter lovers treading silently springy lawn torment mind care going wanted awful spider convinced spinning death cocoon exquisite night early hour heat exhausting faint heavy stirring air stealing languorous perfumes boronia roses heavenly stillness tropical subtropical latitudes god alive alive embrace night living free stopped side lawn stood looking sky instinctive aerial searching god yes winking points light pure unearthly night sky blue lid lifted permitted glimpses eternity save witnessing strewn vista stars convince timelessness god existed course sham total sham priest wishes knew priest coexist priest tangle feet web poison strong stronger guess letter mary bait
luke clever conceited extremely hardworking hungry enrich born wattle shanty exactly tropic capricorn town longreach western queensland father black sheep prosperous unforgiving irish family mother daughter german butcher winton insisted marrying luke senior disowned ten children humpy possessed pair shoes shoes mattered torrid longreach luke senior shore living felt felt drinking op run died fire blackall pub young luke twelve soon luke took shearing circuit tar boy slapping molten tar jagged wounds shearer slipped cut flesh wool thing luke afraid hard thrived thrived opposite father barfly town joke inherited german mother love industry bothered find grew older graduated tar boy shed hand running board catching heavy fleeces flew boggis piece billowing kites carrying wool rolling table skirted learned skirt picking dirt encrusted edges fleeces transferring bins ready attention classer shed aristocrat wine perfume tester trained instinct job luke didn classer instinct turned pressing shearing wanted earn money certainly
simple oversight luke part nearly scotched wedding midplan catholic father watty found threw hands horror dear lord luke didn tell earlier goodness energies converted baptized wedding luke stared father watty astonished converting father happy worries write calathumpian holy roller write catholic vain pleaded luke refused entertain idea conversion moment catholicism eire think catholics ulster hard orange turncoat catholic wanted convert methodism react turncoat object catholic flock father married earth don want marry reverend church england object harry gough fee smiled sourly remembering contretemps paddy priest won encounter luke married church meggie protested fearfully living sin concerned living sin lot turning coat inside luke curious contradiction wanted meggie money blind streak stubbornness wouldn let stop silliness fee luke priest paddy end argument father thomas marry presbytery want soil church
arne swenson feet inches tall exactly luke height handsome bare body coated dark golden brown perpetual exposure sun thatch bright yellow hair curled head fine swedish features luke type easy norse blood percolated veins scots irish luke abandoned moleskins white shirt favor shorts arne climbed ancient wheezing model utility truck headed gang cutting goondi hand bicycle bought lay utility tray case dying begin cutting dawn didn lift heir heads arne appeared direction barracks luke tow cutting uniform consisted shorts boots thick woolen socks canvas hats eyes narrowing luke stared toiling peculiar sight coat black dirt covered head foot sweat making bright pink streaks chests arms backs soot muck cane arne explained burn cut bent pick instruments gave luke cane knife hefting cut cane easy grinned proceeding demonstrate making look easier luke looked deadly thing gripped west indian machete widened large triangle tapering point wicked hook rooster spur blade ends machete small north queensland cane arne finished demonstration toy find sharp luck
meggie himmelhock anne knew lose yes meggie archbishop ralph told matlock matlock things meggie took justine arms understood justine meant stood rocking thing looked room smiling eyes met anne alive shining emotion anne felt eyes fill reciprocal tears joy thank anne pish sending ralph known mean leave luke thank dear idea mind going stay luke going drogheda going leave hate especially hate justine glad meggie luke give unhappiness csr cutting ingham tell loathe idea sleep eyes shone weeks overdue overdue justine starting pregnant anne god anne gasped meggie seen licked lips stammered false alarm meggie shook head positively pregnant things knows nice pickle anne muttered
war intruded drogheda universe stockmen left rabbits continued multiply bob battled valiantly station books looking worthy wartime effort beginning june news british expeditionary force evacuated european mainland dunkirk volunteers australian imperial force poured thousands recruiting centers jims patsy riding paddocks weathers passed twins faces bodies youth ageless calm creases outer corners eyes lines nose mouth presented letters accepted comment bushmen popular shoot knew obeying order tough jims patsy enlisted dubbo camp ingleburn sydney saw night mail cormac carmichael eden youngest son train reason going camp turned families packed boys comfortably class compartment stood awkwardly aching weep kiss warming remember stifled peculiar british mistrust demonstrativeness big steam locomotive howled mournfully stationmaster began blowing whistle meggie leaned peck brothers cheeks consciously cormac looked oldest brother connor bob jack hughie wrung young hands mrs smith weeping kissing cuddling dying eden carmichael wife aging handsome daughter formalities gilly platform train jerking buffers creeping forward
ninth ready shipped guinea bar mopping disgruntled elite division australian military history hope glory amass chasing japanese indonesia guadalcanal defeated japanese hopes drive australia germans yielded bitterly grudgingly resources pitifully stretched armies foundering lack supplies reinforcements americans australians pay inch gained retreat japanese abandoned buna gona salamaua slipped north coast lae finschafen september ninth division landed sea east lae hot humidity percent rained afternoon wet wasn due full months threat malaria meant taking atabrine yellow tablets feel sick actual malaria constant moisture meant permanently damp boots socks feet spongy flesh toes raw bloody mocka mosquito bites turned angry ulcerated port moresby seen wretched guinea natives couldn stand climate developing yaws beriberi malaria pneumonia chronic skin diseases enlarged livers spleens wasn hope white survivors kokoda port moresby victims japanese guinea emaciated masses sores delirious fever ten times died pneumonia thousand feet freezing cold wearing thin tropical kit died japanese
dane drove lagonda italian boot past perugia firenze bologna ferrara padova pass venezia spend night trieste favorite cities stayed adriatic coast days heading mountain road ljubljana night zagreb sava river valley amid fields blue chicory flowers beograd nis night macedonia skopje crumbling ruins earthquake tito vacation city quaintly turkish mosques minarets yugoslavia eaten frugally ashamed sit plate meat front country contented bread greek border evzone thessalonika italian papers full revolution brewing greece standing hotel bedroom window watching bobbing thousands flaming torches moving restlessly darkness thessalonika night glad justine pap pap pap crowds roared chanting milling torches midnight revolution phenomenon cities dense concentrations poverty scarred countryside thessaly look looked caesar legions marching stubble burned fields pompey pharsala shepherds slept shade skin tents storks stood nests atop white buildings terrifying aridity reminded high clear sky brown treeless wastes australia breathed deeply began smile thought going home mum understand talked larisa sea stopped car homer wine dark sea delicate clear aquamarine beaches purple stained grapes stretched curving horizon
cardinal de secretary entered room eminence sorry disturb lady wishes explained congress busy says sit vestibule trouble father trouble eminence easy tell meggie gave lilting foreign pronunciation sounding meghee onill cardinal ralph feet color draining face leave white hair eminence ill father perfectly thank cancel appointments notify bring mrs disturbed holy father priest bowed departed course young dane remembered save cardinal palace dane ah grave mistake keeping waiting dane eminence dearly loved nephew mrs dearly loved sister meggie room cardinal ralph knew thirteen seen fifty seventy aged face changed settled mold unlike imagination substitute trenchant incisiveness sweetness touch iron softness resembled vigorous aging willful martyr resigned contemplative saint dreams beauty striking eyes clear silvery grey hardened vivid hair faded drab beige dan
hope understand haven home dane died matter think pleased hear going rectify omission permanently yes coming home mum drogheda flutter discovered mean trailing stage rest stage want safe permanent enduring coming home drogheda things empty dreams knows maybe marry boy king wants finally worthwhile tribe northwest plainsmen tired mum tired don saying wish power write feeling struggle lady macbeth decided coming season won inconvenience deciding bow acting london teeming actresses clyde replace adequately seconds sorry thirty realize rain helped longer perceptive bloke met understand say onlooker sees game certainly true fed supervising olympian heights think owes dane sort debt promise forever making nuisance popping finally realized nuisance
sects arise schools opinion selects set conditions appeals erects complete independent truth treating factor problem needing adjustment fundamental factors educative process immature undeveloped social aims meanings values incarnate matured experience adult educative process due interaction forces conception relation facilitates completest freest interaction essence educational theory comes effort thought easier conditions separateness insist expense antagonists discover reality belongs easy thing seize nature child developed consciousness adult insist key problem happens practical problem interaction transformed unreal insoluble theoretic problem seeing educative steadily conflicting terms case child curriculum individual nature social culture divisions pedagogic opinion lies opposition child lives narrow personal contacts things experience touch intimately obviously family friends persons personal interests realm facts laws truth sense conformity external fact affection sympathy keynote course study met school presents material stretching indefinitely extending outward indefinitely space
need enable interpret appraise elements child present putting fallings exhibitions power weakness light larger growth process place discriminate isolate child present inclinations purposes experiences place occupy part perform developing experience stand level alike equally equally bad movement elements stand planes child deeds symptoms organ part passing vital give positive attention qualities arrest development lower level systematically maintain rudimentary phase growth activities signs culminating power interest applies maxim striking iron hot regards matter selected utilized emphasized mark turning point child career neglected opportunity goes recalled acts feelings prophetic represent dawning flickering light shine steadily future regards present give fair full chance waiting future definite direction weakness education invidious comparisons immaturity child maturity adult regarding soon danger education regard child present powers interests finally significant
evil scientific matter arranged logical fashion loses quality presented external ready fashion child undergo modification order shut phases hard grasp reduce attendant difficulties happens things significant scientific valuable logic actual inquiry classification drop thought provoking character obscured organizing function disappears commonly say child reasoning powers faculty abstraction generalization adequately developed subject matter evacuated logical logical standpoint presented stuff memory contradiction child advantage adult logical formulation native competencies apprehension response logic child hampered mortified fortunate actual non science flat common place residua gaining scientific vitality generation ago degenerate reminiscence formulated basis experience person experienced train evils cease common opposed erroneous theories play straight hands psychological considerations slurred shoved side crowded put door window motive appealed connection established mind material question getting bond connection question grows material relation mind imported hitched source
line drawn top interaction kindergarten primary school primary school remained spirit foreign natural interests child isolated kindergarten problem present introduce kindergarten methods primary school problem called connecting class difficulty start connection teacher climb wall entering gate side aims ideal kindergarten moral development children instruction discipline ideal emphasized point sentimentality primary school grew practically popular movement sixteenth century invention printing growth commerce business necessity read write figure aim distinctly practical utility getting command tools symbols learning sake learning gave access careers closed division primary school grammar school term west common eastern states goes revival learning earlier conditions primary school originated contemporaneous ideal study language higher sense renaissance latin greek connected culture past roman greek classic languages means escape limitations middle ages
organic connection school business meant school prepare child business natural connection everyday child business environment affair school clarify liberalize connection bring consciousness introducing special studies commercial geography arithmetic keeping alive ordinary bonds relation subject compound business partnership arithmetics nowadays generation ago makers textbooks left sell books compound business partnership originated sixteenth century joint stock company invented large commerce indies americas grew accumulation capital handle put amount money months joining money float commercial enterprises naturally compound partnership taught schools joint stock company invented compound partnership disappeared problems relating stayed arithmetics hundred ceased practical utility sake mental discipline hard problems deal arithmetics head percentage nature children twelve thirteen age gain loss calculations forms bank discount complicated bankers ago dispensed pointed business hear mental discipline
attempted school connected experience gained child familiar commonplace carried child learns school carried applied everyday making school organic composite isolated parts isolation studies parts school system disappears experience geographical aspect artistic literary scientific historical sides studies arise aspects earth lived series stratified earths mathematical physical historical able live live sides bound studies grow relations common child lives varied concrete active relationship common studies naturally unified longer problem correlate studies teacher resort sorts devices weave arithmetic history lesson relate school studies necessity correlated school related aims ideals culture discipline information utility cease variants select study growth child direction social capacity service larger vital union unifying aim discipline culture information fall place phases growth wish add word relationship school university
constructive built course proper alternation story song game connected desirable ideas involved construction fitted secure factors initiation child impulse termination higher plane brings child contact variety material wood tin leather yarn supplies motive materials real ways going exercises meaning remote symbolic calls play alertness senses acuteness observation demands clear cut imagery ends accomplished requires ingenuity invention planning makes concentrated attention personal responsibility execution results tangible form child led judge improve standards word regarding psychology imitation suggestion relation kindergarten doubt child highly imitative open suggestions doubt crude powers immature consciousness need continually enriched directed channels account imperative discriminate imitation suggestion external non psychological justified organic relation child activities general principle activity originated imitation start child model copy supplied order assist child imaging definitely wants bringing consciousness model copy action guide clearness adequacy conception
doubt occupation possesses strong interest child glance school carried give sufficient evidence fact school large portion children plays simply miniature haphazard attempts reproducing social occupations reasons believing type interest springs occupations healthy permanent educative sort giving larger place occupations secure excellent making appeal child spontaneous interest guaranty dealing merely pleasure giving exciting transient place interest grows instinct habit turn finally based original instinct follow instincts equal inherit instincts need transformation satisfaction order instincts find conscious outlet expression occupation bound exceedingly fundamental permanent type activities necessity directed bringing materials forces nature control purposes making tributary ends order live mastered nature protected enriched conditions awakened sense powers led invent plan rejoice acquisition skill rough occupations classified gathering fundamental relations lives getting food maintain securing clothing shelter protect ornament finally provide permanent home higher spiritual interests center
end deepening appreciation social decides place biographic element historical instruction historical material appeals child completely vividly presented individual form summed lives deeds heroic character doubt biographies collection mere stories interesting possibly point sensationalism bringing child nearer comprehension social happens individual hero tale isolated social environment child brought feel social situations evoked acts social progress deeds contributed biography presented dramatic summary social needs achievements child imagination pictures social defects problems clamored ways individual met emergency biography organ social study consciousness social aim history prevents tendency swamp history myth fairy story merely literary renderings avoid feeling herbartian school enrich elementary curriculum direction history inverted true relationship existing history literature sense motif american colonial history de foe robinson crusoe represent achieved civilization attained maturity thought developed ideals means action suddenly thrown resources cope raw hostile nature regain success sheer intelligence energy persistence character robinson crusoe supplies material curriculum fourth grade child putting cart horse
important application psychology education involves behavior teacher say interested teacher tell teaching career goal teacher mean teachers anyway look experiences try recall worse teachers encountered describe led positive response authors typically asks question prospective teachers educational psychology classes resulting descriptions surprise teachers recalled outstanding tactful grasp subject matter organized fair stimulating enthusiastic friendly notice students teachers qualities book talking teacher communicate positive qualities students teachers students display observable measurable behavior teaching behaviors learned taught modeled practiced evaluated objectively looking competent variety teaching behaviors emphasize teacher strategies increase effectiveness promoting student learning positive student evaluation teachers curricula schools students evaluate school experiences positive manner telling enjoy school addition promoting effective learning academic subjects interested affective development students positive responses environment let apply behavior teacher classroom
fourth activity teacher manager learning develop organized plan approach teaching activities believe teaching model discussed effective teaching situation covering content areas academic social physical skills teachers included found structure organizing teaching activities call structure basic teaching model model framework planning sequencing continually evaluating teaching activities proceed figure model parts objectives preassessment instruction evaluation part model includes set separate skills master discuss sets skills briefly meet model times book chapter expand model give details plan manage part task teacher decisions wish students learn learning objectives define goals instruction terms want students able demonstrate end instructional unit unit single task assigned week course teacher goals beginning instruction concept learning objectives let look joe smith teaches ninth grade english wants students appreciate shakespeare understand complexity beauty plays develop insight motivations characters praiseworthy goals goals directly measurable terms student behavior
meet bryan someday classes course students exactly unique individual resembles student manner students look behave think bryan chapter introduce major factors influence similarities differences students look alternative ways describe differences similarities student behavior students terms norms typical behaviors age stage characteristics contributions effective learning environment similarities differences student behavior influenced broad moderating factors defined physical makeup family home environment experiences classroom want knowledgeable important factors influence student behavior school students class background learned experiences special capabilities expectancies school student react differently teaching strategies personal style student unique individual set reaction patterns variations characteristic observe members group called individual differences diversity describe students order deal similarities teach ask person reacts manner person students behave ways similar student behaviors predictable groups describe similarities terms developmental norms norms describe frequent typical set traits behaviors observed large groups individuals students bryan class count ten entering grade norm digit counting class ten digits
students describe competent successful skill important say competency skill competency skill involves student evaluation skills expectancies future achievement observations kathy shown demonstrate interpersonal skills effective making friends relating play groups demonstrates specific skills facilitate achievement regulation prosocial activities recall areas kathy satisfied expect succeed positive evaluation skills outweighs negative say kathy high esteem observe students confident tell parents students feel diagram figure shows relationship esteem competency kathy skilled activities situations esteem increases importance competency students threefold kathy positive evaluation promotes positive approach school academic activities students enjoy school evaluate positively tell positive evaluation spreads generalizes skills kathy feels specifically competent means expectancies success tasks increase meets success successful performances kathy evaluation increases manner find relationship measures esteem school subjects students successful school tend evaluate highly students successful results circular relationship competency actual performance success feed relationship shown figure students compared grades competency school ability successful school achievers class grades increase evaluation skill domain unsuccessful achievers progressively lower
according piaget piaget theory cognitive growth occurs discrete stages stages occur standard order children stages sequence stage thought represent structure means stage specific capabilities determined underlying cognitive structure child learn operations multiplication limits cognitive stage importance structures reflected piaget view information taught tacked existing knowledge children reorganize thinking means actions operations restructure environment turn information assimilated cognitive structure proper stage cognitive development piaget major stages moves broadly sensorimotor external abstract internal table outlines major stages approximate age ranges expected occur cognitive functions dominate child thinking stage discuss briefly turn bryan remained sensorimotor stage age early developmental period bryan learned separate surroundings developed simple reflexes head turning sound motor responses interesting events rattles balls developed simple notions operates relation behavior objects permanence move disappear sight hand pushing ball roll developed simple imitative behavior model waving bye bye notion means end relationships searching pennies closed fist processes deferred imitation object permanence reflect early indicators representational covert thinking
cognitive strategies describe plans procedures students maximize performance procedures help youngsters kevin gather information attend organize encode retrieve recall information solve problems develop follow plan action expect positive outcomes development effective cognitive strategies efficient learning effective problem solving independent action kevin efficient learning skills solve problems fewer errors simple ratio relation errors give index efficiency kevin solve problems correctly follows plan action able focus attention develop plan advance test alternatives evaluate solutions strategies directed problem solving finally kevin develops monitored strategies learning problem solving independent proceed activities reasons want encourage variety cognitive strategies attending encoding retrieving problem solving let look specific skills attention mediation facilitate learning kevin classroom hundreds stimuli bombard senses books voices lights wall decorations blackboard material instructional equipment movement room teacher raise voice din kevin re paying attention kevin inform paying attention kevin perform activities orient task turning looking blackboard scan problems blackboard looking select focus problem wish solve finally ignore distraction kathy bryan giggling
cognitive social learning theory look classroom behavior theory emphasis social setting person observes thinks environment cognitive social learning theory important give choices management mediation facilitation classroom suspect believe strict application single theory nonproductive classroom limiting student trial error learning lathe driving car baking cake dangerous foolish costly want advantage fairly theory combines strength power classical operant learning flexibility adapts variety social settings cognitive social learning main components stimulation environment reinforcement mediation components interacts interdependent independent presented simple version cognitive social learning table straight line model expanded figure show full range potential interactions components diagram component influence environmental stimuli change football game church fact change mediated pattern responses chosen turn responses influence person reinforced social setting mediation cognition plays equal role stimulus environment degree person shaped environment influence finally manage personal environment
theories motivation theories learning takes place divide theories broad groups trait theories emphasize needs individual cognitive theories focus student mediating skills sections discuss differing approaches traits cognitve mediation motivators learning final source motivation individual theories person held responsible effort persistence accomplishment motivation assumed individual similar trait functional situations internal theories emphasize needs person motivate act let consider classroom utility theories propose internal needs motivate effortful behavior trait competence basis motivation internal needs explain pursue activities avoid needs seen forces tensions individuals drive goals infer need motivator ted behavior imply annoys donna needs attention hangs frequently needs love case assign ted behavior internal need ignoring outcomes actions donna squealing concerned attention list personality needs endless observe students needs achievement affiliation esteem exploration stimulation activity safety social approval conclude ted needs social approval observe frequently says look asks look earlier reading reinforcement situational consequences reinforcers explanatory power ted behavior internal need
students require periodic encouragement direct reinforcement effort subjects immediately fascinating answers correct drill sessions tiresome boring frequently fun bryan talk mary math problems distractions persistent present classrooms efforts lag spite effective teacher management interesting learning materials dynamic teaching strategies variety positive reinforcers stimulate interest effort reflect failure teacher contrary wise management current delayed reinforcers difference student apathy student enthusiasm reinforcers learning discussed chapter increasing effortful persistent behaviors defined motivational reinforcers want consider guidelines applying reinforcers cautions suggest applying guidelines stressed previously external reinforcers easily misused abused allow possibility blind rich sources school motivation teacher peer approval access free privileges interesting activities grades awards honors positive outcomes substitute motivation pride pleasure competent achievement mind external supports students students skill art teaching includes making careful discriminations reinforce deciding types reinforcers student critical skills involve learning phase heavy reinforcers students working competently guidelines help apply principles reinforcement incentive management natural classroom settings cautions incentives follow guidelines tell thing frequently wrong
problem solving defined relating principles rules reach goal problem solved problem solver gains additional control environment brothers feel sense power turn room lights let suppose brother began power afternoon nap moved chair reach light afternoon quiet mastered skills involved light switching moving chair reaching touch switch coordinating fingers touch switch pushing switch pulling applied problem solving procedure relate rule turning light later surprise boy displayed environmental management skills watching television bedtime asked help turning light course need kind help child learn environmental cues signal responses later brother growing problem solving skills generalize climbing trees scaling fences halloween observing friend date brothers sisters teachers parents master discriminations related problem solving skills question solve problems theories problem solving proposed discussed dismissed revised john dewey powerful book called think ideas stayed suggested problem solvers stages solution presentation problem accompanied feeling perplexity individual observes feels discomforted information definition clarification problem clarification important procedure helps suspend judgment stage takes
affective education area classroom education rolled forward relentlessly grandparents parents friends trained curriculum days fathers help children base ten math mothers able prompt diagramming sentences parents comfortable understood going classroom twenty tried change curriculum math science reading career education cetera offered education students warned curriculum changers wake sleeping curriculum sorry dragon tranquillity past disturbed controversy criticism curricular curricular involve student happened math student reading student career planning student encouraged master skill skill wanted emotional student education classroom opposition affective education prevailed data drug early pregnancies higher divorce rates adolescent suicides demanded young prepared cope dimensions response children student problems creative numerous programs curriculum packages offered classroom teachers program names suggest creative educational psychologists confluent education humanistic education psychological education affective education common give taste response miller excellent discussion summarizes seventeen major ten major affective education models classroom addition curricular activities developing understanding duso values clarification classroom climate inventory affective development selected affective activities developed organized hundred affective education strategies educational psychologists
coming supervisor say re don panic don panic recall robert glaser basic model managing learning outcomes early sixties professor glaser educational psychologist university pittsburgh proposed simple part model prefer mode revolutionized education alternatives applying model experienced teacher educational psychologist student pinpoint working mastery recall chapter parts model developing learning objectives assessing entry skills developing instructional procedures evaluating learning outcomes highlight part model providing feedback believe feedback holds parts model let basic management model mean teaching activities purpose part model establish mastered learning unit cluster units longer period objectives designed communicate students able demonstrate mastery materials learning objectives developed levels general subordinate learning level important crucial classroom teacher general objectives represent abstract vague level broadly stated educational goals promote democracy schools prepare student successful citizenship characterize level underestimate importance general objectives important school board famous educators psychologists politicians helped objectives represent contact public happening classroom subordinate objectives level general objectives broken specific goals
reading chapter leave impression behavior management works challenge try impression challenge easy write harder carry classroom teacher frequently presented situations behavior management hope step try experience observe frequency intensity strength behavior change course won according worell stilwell abc model help modify learning management plan classroom teacher faces challenges events occur weekly moment planning ahead manage create learning environments challenge selecting reinforcers essentially answer question powerful reinforcer individual distinctive educational goal unique environment question sound familiar question ask selecting learning management strategy planning reinforcement start beginning school part program helping student change behavior give broad idea selecting reinforcers let look human social systems involved classroom obvious actor student talked book focused student obvious actor classroom exert profound influence student thoughts feelings actions school playground obvious influence child performance school parent parents family supports student participation school worth half letter grade
teaching goals able describe students ways lock static category terms labels descriptive behaviors student presents classroom descriptive labels summarize range behaviors decided require special intervention classroom decide labels describe students categorizing primary consideration descriptive label educationally relevant means ways describe students paula carla ike focus factors observable measurable characteristics student descriptive categories behavior fixed classifications children discrepancy student behavior environmental expectations let look factors separately need consider observable measurable characteristics child want change ike class remedied educational procedures accept diagnosis minimal brain dysfuncton help teach ike stay task complete arithmetic problems descriptive categories behaviors directly observable classroom carla carla alvin short attention span math computation call hyperkinetic communicate parents teachers similarly find helpful say sally reversed call dyslexic develop plan remediating short attention spans letter reversal easily cure hyperkinesis dyslexia
integrate students special learning behavior patterns domain asking help frequently ideal school setting specialist consultation help highly visible frequently larger school systems afford maintain larger staff specialists intense program service training regardless current personnel practices schools teaching answers basic questions kinds support consultation personnel system consultancy model range potential specialist consultation wide highly trained titles standard services expect provide specialists aspect academic program arranging physical layout classroom accomodate students devising assessment evaluation procedures list sampling consultants kinds aid expect obtain skills professionals bring classroom teaching barely touched description individuals skills overlap coordinate whichever specialists want prepare youself expertise efficiently suggestions helpful teachers consultation
john watson showed conditioning human infant watson experimented normal eleven month child named albert presented albert objects including white rat rabbit blocks fur coat hairy santa claus mask albert showed fear objects neutral stimuli fear response watson decided attempt condition albert fear rats began placing rat front albert albert reach touch watson assistants strike metal bar hammer alberts head metal bar struck albert fell forward buried head reached rat bar struck albert began whimper noise unconditioned stimulus ucr brought natural unconditioned response ucr fear pairings rat conditioned stimulus elicited conditioned response crying cringing watson conditioned albert fear rats presented furry white rabbit albert reacted fearfully rabbit watson found degree fear albert felt neutral stimuli depended resembled furry white rat conditioned fear response generalized sight rabbit furry white objects fur coat santa claus mask caused albert cry try escape watson presented response rabbit presented albert learned respond emotionally sight rat pavlov dogs learned respond salivary glands sound tone pavlov discovered stopped presenting food sound tuning fork sound gradually lost effect dogs
number experiments shown operant conditioning reinforcing desirable behavior systematic rewards improve teaching atmosphere classroom students enjoy school teacher students sit seats pay attention study assignments reinforce behavior praise obvious research shown teachers spend reprimanding students praising verbal disapproval produces reward teacher teacher tells student stop talking leave room student quiets teacher behavior reinforced praise produce effects days encouragement positive effect class payoff teacher lies distant future resort repeated verbal disapproval result students disenchanted schools teachers turn increasingly disenchanted students deliver punishment creating disenchantment students teachers locked vicious cycle party fewer fewer rewards reinforcement psychologists tried experiment group extremely disenchanted boys washington fact boys labeled uneducable national training school experimenters known token economy motivate boys youngsters received points grades tests cash points rewards snacks lounge privileges items mail order catalog words created system worked chimp mat discussed earlier months majority students showed significant increase iq scores average gain points boys continued improve months showing educable
stored information useless retrieved memory tried find lost pen key room haven bothered clean idea difficult retrieval trying remember closing eyes concentrating dragging memory futile give problem memory store thousands items find need need solution organization fact human memory extraordinarily efficient suggests extremely organized psychologists organized studying processes involved retrieval clues organization human memory designed recognition easy say accuracy familiar asked grade teacher say don remember chances recognize heard similarly multiple choice test bring knowledge student able show essay test ability recognize suggests information stored memory think process recognition insight information stored memory recognize sound musical instrument say piano matter tune played recognize tune matter instrument played pattern recognition single item information indexed headings reached number ways
awareness limited information receive senses preceding pages claim able predict future read minds mere tricksters mere coincidence foresee future extrasensory perception esp receiving information channels normal senses hotly debated topic parapsychologists study supernatural phenomena focus distinct forms esp telepathy mind reading transference thoughts person words gestures glances precognition ability foresee future clairvoyance knowledge events acquired normal senses clairvoyance knowing friend car accident hundreds miles heard news parapsychologists study psychokinesis ability move objects touching scientists investigating esp early famous researchers put esp scientific test rhine tests telepathy sender focuses twenty cards special deck deck includes cards symbols receiver locked distant room states card thinks sender focusing luck receiver guess cards correctly thousands tests shown consistently respond average scientists calculated happen chance thousand conclusion receiving information senses channels similar experiment carried apollo flights occasions astronaut edgar mitchell concentrated twenty symbols arranged sequences
difficult draw clear line motives emotions saw chapter person needs food stomach contracts level sugar blood drops neural endocrine systems thrown slightly balance taste buds sensitive saw person frightened heart breathing rates quicken energy level rises senses mobilize blood rushes stomach brain heart muscles course poet diagnose pounding heart loss appetite heightened awareness moonlight scented breezes love involve identifiable physiological call hunger biological drive fear love emotions depends describing source behavior feelings accociated behavior want emphasize needs desires mental calculations lead goal directed behavior words drive motivation want stress feelings decisions activities words emotion affect clearly intertwined frequently explain motives terms emotions walk meeting angry parties enjoy meeting love dance lend don notes felt guilty talking apply summer job overseas traveling excites examples demonstrate emotions push pull directions emotions function biological drives feelings energize pursue goal goal pursue determined social learning experiences times things think feel anticipated emotions incentive actions
tend think consciousness simple awareness happening inside passive acceptance information brain sense organs scientists shown consciousness mirror reflection events active process constructing reality bits pieces information provided senses sensation gathering information eyes ears sense organs part consciousness aware involves perception organization information received senses meaningful wholes thought reorganization information brain processes thought sensation perception detail chapters review table senses collect information size shape color texture object front send brain perceptual processes information create meaningful picture mind table automatically sifted memories quickly identified object seen table built concept tables mind cognitive processes enable construct concepts objects build concepts concepts group tables objects fit concept furniture turn furniture grouped objects manufactured able contemplate simple objects think abstractly relationships objects contemplation extend infinitely tables furniture manufactured objects industry society universe limits consciousness involves processes sensation perception cognition create awareness things focusing attention integrating information picked attention structure mind
major developmental task adolescence building identity children aware adults peers think labels apply naughty silly talented brave pretty aware biological drives growing physical cognitive abilities children dream person act roles play brood going children live present adolescents begin think future factors contribute erik erikson called adolescent identity crisis worrying include physiological awakening sexual drives possibility kind intimacy opposite sex cognitive developments adolescents begin future reality game confront infinite conflicting possibilities choices lie ahead process reviewing past anticipating future begin think building identity involves looking outward looking adolescents seek feeling sameness feel issues situations thoughts behavior sense looking outward seek confirmation feeling knows understands common adolescence dimension problem identity developing sense continuity feeling important person younger future changed ways basic identity remains erikson suggests identity crisis stems adolescent desire feel unique distinctive hand fit
according erikson age imminent prospect dying lead heightened sense ego integrity despair ego integrity erikson means greater acceptance looking elderly person concludes live bumps false starts disappointments joys triumphs despair erikson means regret inability accept oneself looking person lost chances bad decisions spoiled plans american culture makes difficult person maintain sense integrity societies notably east age considered achievement revered contrast tend fear growing patronizing elderly number stereotypes support attitudes assume wrongly person mind deteriorates grows loss memory senility inevitable side effects aging symptoms disorders tend believe resist change fact enjoyed challenges increasingly imaginative flexible age fight change seventies fought change thirties forties finally tend regard useless truth country senior citizens part active role civic affairs elderly face number os special problems difficult younger understand retirement
book book sociologist erving goffman argued social behavior stage actors nearly say public part performance tailored audience hand actors faces movements words create effect privacy rooms drop social masks goffman view sound extreme think ways act situations begin truth goffman says professional actors everday play number roles behave ways situations undoubtedly behave family friends teachers play roles worker parent customer athlete lover undoubtedly create impression play roles reason treat cast roles degree parents child approach middle age firend look older brother sister advice consider scatter brained impractical amusing bit older brother sister child touch clown roles write friend seeking comfort begins elicit behavior friend makes feel act frivolous learn associate parts reason perform want social interaction
extreme means changing attitudes involves combination psychological gamesmanship physical torture aptly called brainwashing technique patty hearst trials exactly involve extensive studies brainwashing westerners captured chinese korean war subjected thought reform psychiatrist robert jay lifton interviewed dozen prisoners released chinese accounts outlined methods break convictions introduce patterns belief feeling behavior aim brainwashing create person change attitudes step strip identity subject person intense social pressure physical stress prison perfect setting process person isolated social support number clothed systematically surrounded thoughts reformed contemptuous reactionaries prisoner holds treated contempt exhorted confess fellow prisoners interrogated past point exhaustion captors humiliated discomfited bound hand foot times meals elimination personal information prisoner justify turned evidence guilt point prisoner realizes resistance impossible pressures simply intolerable resistance cooperation means avoiding demoralization prisoner rewarded cooperating cooperation involves confessing crimes process cell mates integral part brainwashing team berating warming confession
advertisement received typeset times person set ad leave deliberately innocent mistake slips common laugh meaningful disturbing experience making personal remark hurt friend later asked say didn mean thinks realize angry friend wanted sigmund freud recognized slips things mishear odd misunderstandings mistakes claimed accidental quickly corrected similarly listened describe dreams believed dreams meaning dreamed determine meant freud physician practiced vienna austria early doctor specialized nervous diseases talked private lives revealing conflicts fears desires thought aware motives feelings freud reasoned say dream things knowing meaning think study concluded powerful influences human personality things conscious freud suggest personality large unconscious component includes pleasurable painful experiences freud experiences include feelings thoughts actual events freud believed experiences painful episodes childhood forgotten buried unconscious
psychiatrist works severely disturbed laing believes found mental wards victims families members lost ability accept emotions communicate honestly unpleasant facts feelings coming light engage laing calls mystification lie pretend result child increasingly confused real develops false system radically organism rogers terms suppose child parents deny feel insecure afraid ignore expresses feelings believe controlled forces understanding sense controlled external alien family child avoids severe reaction lose sensitivity feelings expression laing blame family society creates maintains families treats able accept depersonalization anonymity normal believes cure false systems authentic communication rogers believes close gaps organism unconditional positive regard laing pioneers breaking hospital walls routines patients staff live help authenticity takes position adjusting sick society necessarily healthy thing learn unable unwilling adjust theories personality discussed based case studies individuals sought psychotherapy observation going everyday lives reading past introspection analysis
approaches psychotherapy included suggested readings end chapter influential approaches discussed traditional psychoanalysis human potential movement behavior therapy addition types individual therapy kinds group therapy psychoanalysis kind psychotherapy practiced western society type therapy gave rise classic picture bearded viennese doctor seated patient lying couch psychoanalysis based theories sigmend freud according freud views psychological disturbances due anxiety hidden conflicts unconscious components personality job psychoanalyst help patient aware unconscious impulses desires fears causing anxiety psychoanalysts believe patient understand unconscious motives step gaining control behavior freeing problems understanding called insight psychoanalysis slow procedure fifty minute sessions times week patient able fundamental analyst assists patient examination unconscious determinants behavior task begins analyst telling patient relax talk comes mind method called free association patient consider passing thoughts unimportant embarrassing mention analyst suggests express thought inconsequential fact meaningful closer examination patient lies couch describe dreams talk private recall forgotten experiences psychoanalyst sits sight patient says periods
demands everyday met mentally disturbed person face prospect institutionalization institutions handle social problems prisons criminals hospitals physically ill mental institutions considered unable function normal society process placing person mental hospital called commitment half mental patients commit voluntarily friends family commit individuals committed involuntary commitment controversial legal ethical issue argued committed mental patient fewer rights convicted criminal mental institutions simply money plenty money afford private therapist fifty dollars hour person average average income likely public institution clinic general hospital mental hospital standard procedure places interview potential patients commit thought seriously disturbed process poor person end institution rich equally disturbed counterpart simply seen psychotherapist times week quality care mental hospitals varies greatly individual afford committed private institution comforts country club paying enjoy swimming pools tennis courts food considers problems majority perople mental hospitals cheaper private institutions quality treatment hospitals varies tremendously fact patient condition worsen remain unchanged hospital environment unconducive improvement
debate iq testing centers question genetic differences environmental inequalities receive scores intelligence tests controversy question heated researchers consider differences segments population average middle class backgrounds iq tests poor backgrounds whites grow middle class enviroments blacks grow poor surroundings psychologists assumed difference iq scores due primarily cultural differences fact middle class white children schools books opportunities travel encouragement parents teachers abilities ahead felt lower class black children cultural advantages middle class children black white iq gap closed based theory federal government instituted programs head start designed enrich environment culturally disadvantaged child psychologist arthur jensen published article questioning optimistic assumptions jensen claimed head start succeeded bringing permanent change iq scores children program say fact number scientific studies suggested iq differences due primarily genetic inheritance environment argued fully percent difference iq scores individuals due genetic difference true iq differences individuals reasonably true iq differences races short jensen suggested lower iq average blacks due genetic disadvantage environmental disadvantage amount cultural enrichment programs permit average black child pace average white child iq test
times ancient greeks brain recognized seat location mind hand religious views maintain humans souls mind concept similar soul soul easy concept isolate oldest arguments philosophers concerns called mind body problem part debate concerned question unresolved brain body mind related possibility interact separate equal experience thing separate distinct entities possibility mind brain operating parallel maybe experience thing brain part physical mind part separate dual universe possibility simply underlying reality essential identity brain experiences mind experiences recent importance difficult issue faded science today including psychology leans heavily physical explanations measured scientific means discussing later note mind body problem increase types varieties problems studied psychologists directed attentions rarely debates ancient philosophers question importance worth human late humans views undergone severe blows centuries earlier copernicus dared suggest earth center universe re simply hurtling space occupying planet center half english naturalist charles darwin suggested humans supreme beings thought
re riding seat family car vacation trip parents older younger sister brother sharing seat driving hours hot sticky dusty country re fed person riding seat puts side push pushes slowly subtly definitely inches side shove jams slam literally throws arming war parents looks asks started indignantly course full innocence reply brother sister indignantly innocently interrupts shouts resolving hours miles story illustrates point level brother sister started fight encroaching territory level responsible especially older child starting fight insisting share seat didn need level parents fault driving southern route knew hot northern route vacation psychologists face problem explain level mean ignoring facts level instance argue sociology ultimately explained principles psychology biologists insist psychology explained biological principals series continues biology chemistry physics basic science process called reductionism involves reducing principles explanations discipline science considered basic
human baby susceptible effects poor environment months called trimester growth diseases drugs medical treatments rays bad effects mothers poor eating habits worst toll tragic aspects growth human fetus mothers aware pregnant trimester prenatal care critically important trimester infant beginning react events mother researcher small block wood abdomen mothers part eighth month researchers hit board lightly emitted loud noise percent fetuses began squirming excitedly kicking birth fetuses show vast individual differences ask woman children fetuses active percent percent pregnant women reported preferred symphony concerts babies responded music applause violent squirming evidence clear cut fetuses respond environmental stimulation birth thought occurred mental mother pregnancy affect baby born obviously upset body chemistry afraid adrenal glands pump actively digestive processes stop re sad angry happy delirious answers easy provide study babies delivered mothers suddenly faced extreme fear grief loss father anxiety trimester pregnancy
psychology divided human behavior voluntary involuntary responses voluntary responses included expect responses involved active control muscles swing arm wink eye involuntary responses included heart beat blood pressure eeg wave patterns subtle responses urine production kidneys assumed humans control limited involuntary responses believed subjects allowed observe involuntary behavior brain waves oscilloscope idea step psychologist decided reward subjects increase occurrence alpha waves oscilloscope result watching eeg able conscious effort alpha waves alpha waves occur fully relaxed dozing subject early jump conclusion learning increase alpha wave activity create relaxed healthy person suggestion led intensive research efforts biofeedback refers electronic instruments show subject activity bodily processes heart beat respiration rate eeg scientists don agree early biofeedback results original findings easily duplicated biofeedback potential allowing alter viewed totally involuntary responses means able control stress internal body organs biofeedback offers hope increasing span
sound detected factors present vibrating source stimulus medium gaseous air solid transmitting pressure waves source remember cowboys indians trick placing ear rail find miles train approaching finally receptor present physical stimulus sound airborne pressure waves vibrating waves pressure called sound waves represented shown illustration pressure caused vibrations sound source true light waves ways sound waves differ differ frequency cycles amplitude amount energy pushing waves complexity number simple frequencies represented complex wave factors needed describe sound source physical qualities sound perceived pitch loudness timbre sound waves increase frequency pitch hear increases amplitude sound wave increases perceived loudness sound older radios volume control loudness control control incorrectly labeled low note church organ room filling ability unmatched note piccolo differs organ piccolo volume necessarily loudness timbre essentially complexity sound pluck middle guitar basic note played piano overtones caused vibrations parts instrument allow easily distinguish piano guitar
personal attitudes ideas help determine aspects environment notice set adjustment prepared respond look figure margin find wrong didn wrong look triangle says prior experience leads expect certian things instance notice sentence misspelled don expect things textbook re guard find errors internal bias perceptions re hungry likely perceive food objects unclear picture remember baby sitter night strange sound burglar internal finally social situation part influence perceive experiments shown making perceptual observations change minds agree majority social pressure influence perception finally aspects stimulus combine prior experience mixed factors influence decisions attend environment examples novelty illustrated advertising campaign braniff international airlines attract attention airline braniff paints planes brilliant reds greens blues gains attention prior experience suggests airplanes aluminum colored sky related color familiarity influences attention local newscaster evening news program watch pay attention re familiar associate person news events disasterrs wrecks crises familiarity breeds comfort interest case
remembering forgetting related put simply yes amount material remembered amount material forgotten unretrievable equals total amount information originally learned studies retention forgetting conducted late experimental psychologist hermann ebbinghaus learned large number nonsense syllables letter combinations meaning xac vil req ebbinghaus studied material wished remember recite perfectly obviously retention perfect recitation percent ebbinghaus immediately tested minutes hours later amazing information forgot days obvious forgetting increases amount material retained definition decrease forget things theories advanced forgetting based happening information stored possibility involves kind weakened memory due process decay appealing theory forgetting appears wrong according theory passage rehearsal memory learned material gradually fade decays lack appealing contrary scientific evidence consider friend haven seen run unexpectedly street remember person things bring mind person recognize course nice true choice names successfully pick correct
humans threatened communication system established chimpanzees apes human effort lot attention trying figure exactly separates species animals globe language key issue thinking involved actual production speech key involved things required speaking parts brain involved receiving interpreting sending spoken words motor cortex controls vocal cords tongue mouth movements auditory cortex feedback ears words speaking monitors speech producing pronounce word wrong say wrong word catch word correct error rapidly portion brain association cortex responsible storing processing retrieving words thoughts need finally variety wide variety connections temporal auditory lobes brain areas involved actually processing spoken word seen illustration areas brain involved speech vital element spoken language vocal cords vocal cords membranes stretched tightly portion throat air pass vibrate passage air going windpipe throat words vocal cords vibrating determines sounds hear instance place fingers adam apple voicebox larynx want technical sounds feel throat vibrating say say
unit discussed learning memory processes clearly influence behavior things merely habit chapter looking major influence operating daily lives motivation motivation intervening variable things activates behavior energy directs activated behavior goal true earlier definition intervening variables need find independent variables motivation occur need behavior motivation increases decreases obvious human behavior looked inherited mechanisms learned responses inheritance learning held constant differences behavior instance saturdays movie saturdays dance days eat sandwich school days behavior varies addition behavior differs friends family motivation helps explain variations behavior individuals situation number behaviors motivations help survive individually species seek food try avoid pain motivation involves complex combination internal cues lastly talk behavior energized started re talking guiding behavior think moment re date re trying read vague set signals discussing chapter weak stimuli detect unleash strong responses fact vigor response measure strength motivation
let turn modern theories set emphases early chapters spoke precision scientific methods discussions felt slightly uncomfortable read freud views personality fact freud theory ways personal statement personality develop organize major criticisms psychoanalytic thought easily lend tests laboratory fascinated freud ideas group american psychologists began early develop theory personality early theories shared things common psychoanalysis trying explain similar patterns abnormal behavior observed person tried determine occurring school behavioral theories emphasized close tie scientific methods included general theory confirmed confirmable findings psychological laboratory result dramatic theory yields testable predictions translating freud theory concepts language studied laboratory turn hard suspect psychologists john dollard neal miller developed theory personality stressing importance learning based small number observable simple processes elements words order learn want notice stated exactly factors drive cue response reward let review factors according born set innate needs food water oxygen warmth died needs satisfied early perform responses
formal list behavioral disorders dsm iii problems attach importance label behaviors diagnosed mean simply friends neighbors professionals smug satisfaction finding labeled catatonic schizophrenic personality disorder involving passive aggression labels ignore person sensitive person behavior labeled remain sensitive behavior progress change nature disorder person suffers problem labeling behavior begin remove person feeling responsibility improving correcting problem personality disorders involve large proportion controlled behavior begin act manner expected say sick labeled fill title disorder act problem lives change set circumstances experienced unique temporary problem labeling person disordered circumstances saddle label imply limits abilities ago ceased exist fourth systems classification based acts behaviors person behavior diagnosed labeled happens label attached actor act give importance environment find behave abnormal manner label gain upper hand
schizophrenia popularly thought concerned split mind closest condition lead apparently split mind dissociative disorder called multiple personality discussed earlier view schizophrenia collection disorders number symptoms common schizophrenics number half patients confined county hospitals patients middle aged percent schizophrenic schizophrenia psychotic disorders sharing features table unlike affective disorders mood discussing schizophrenia considered disorder thought primary symptoms gross distortions thought withdrawal social activities loss contact reality number types schizophrenia look briefly simple schizophrenia develops slowly gradually retreating normalcy person shows increasing loss interest emotion ambition logical thought personal health hygiene neglected person inactive apathetic types schizophrenics simple schizophrenic likely able maintain everyday usual point onset early adolescence result family knowingly pulled continuing support simple schizophrenic contacts friends school job reality gradually deteriorate disorganized schizophrenic suffers severe forms disorder early onset show inappropriate overwhelming concern things philosophical religious issues focus excludes everthing condition severe thinking patterns increasingly immature distractible related events environment
behaviors humans engage sinister aggression aggression intent inflict harm injury humans control let look evidence freud thought aggression inherited natural instinct humans channeling aggression positive acts hope achieve views gained popularity decade stem research observational learning aggression viewed learned behavior responds reinforcers controlling stimuli learned behaviors frustration lead forms behavior aggression discovering willing harm important aggression result occurs actually strikes physically verbally aggression observe models caught situations similar re aggressive tend aggressive reasons worried level aggression television addition hot summer effect tend aggressive hot weather cool aggression seldom simple instance cities obvious factor operating crowding discussed box don forget attribution theory emotion suggests environmental cues interpret level arousal anger crowding stressful likely anger increase crowded situations city riot summer symptoms included heat crowding role models aggression rising levels arousal small wonder riots occur
summarize analyze data types statistics simplest descriptive statistics inferential statistics making decisions complex type later correlational statistics descriptive kinds decisions let look form descriptive statistics simplest main collapse large amounts data numbers numbers convey impression description group numbers scored test high school psychology class happy paying attention mumbled haven told frequency distribution list scores distribution show gained score frequency simplest data analysis perform common forms distributions called normal distribution seen figure page addition distribution want information piece information want average score class easy question answer averages average point scores grouped typical score frequent distributions yield averages mode simplest score occurs calculate develop frequency distribution report common score data grouped mainly end distribution scores giving mode revealing show salary structure company
able guess correlation research passive means researcher simply watches records height speed stop sign data simply report extent sets data related experiments hand involves actively changing independent variable note dependent variable discussed importance control groups key research keeping accurate detailed readable records researcher lost finished research hugh stack data chapter part total activities scientist communication ways vital activity research impact published word spread general agreement form reports written lot help wishing write research report briefly outline essential elements report order generally single issue research journal fity research reports scientist interested abstract lay skeleton research hypothesis design method experiment basics found alas failed find conclude fact sentence goal relay information mention essential parts research section summarize found studied conflicts previouus research noted commented hypotheses guesses occurring specific factors studied investigated
loulou body green tips wings rose pink forehead blue throat golden tiresome habits biting perch tearing feathers sprinkling dirt spattering water tub annoyed mme aubain gave felicite endeavoured train soon repeat nice boy servant sir morning marie side door astonished answering jacquot parrots called jacquot compared turkey log wood stabbed felicite heart strange obstinacy loulou part directly looked refused speak eager society sundays rochefeuille ladies de familiars onfroy apothecary monsieur varin captain mathieu playing game cords beat windows wings threw frantically hear speak bourais face undoubtedly struck extremely droll directly saw began laugh laugh peals rang courtyard repeated echo neighbours windows laughed bourais gliding wall escape parrot eye hiding profile hat river entered garden gate lack tenderness looks darted bird loulou slapped butcher boy making free plunge head basket trying nip shirt fabu threatened wring neck cruel tattooed arms large whiskers
think acquaintance composedly sit rest feel moving staff help words threw companion maple stick speedily sight vanished deepening gloom young sat moments roadside applauding greatly thinking clear conscience meet minister morning walk shrink eye deacon gookin calm sleep night spent weckedly purely sweetly arms faith amidst pleasant praiseworthy meditations goodman brown heard tramp horses road deemed advisable conceal verge forest conscious guilty purpose brought thither happily turned hoof tramps voices riders grave voices conversing soberly drew mingled sounds appeared pass road yards young hiding place owing doubtless depth gloom spot travellers steeds visible figures brushed small boughs wayside seen intercepted moment faint gleam strip bright sky athwart passed goodman brown alternately crouched stood tiptoe pulling branches thrusting head durst discerning shadow vixed sworn thing recognized voices minister deacon gookin jogging quietly wont bound ordination ecclesiastical council
mansion gloom proposed sojourn weeks proprietor roderick usher boon companions boyhood elapsed meeting letter lately reached distant part country letter wildly importunate nature admitted personal reply ms gave evidence nervous agitation writer spoke acute bodily illness mental disorder oppressed earnest desire personal friend view attempting cheerfulness society alleviation malady manner apparent heart request allowed room hesitation obeyed forthwith considered singular summons boys intimate associates knew friend reserve excessive habitual aware ancient family noted mind peculiar sensibility temperament displaying ages works exalted art manifested late repeated deeds munificent unobtrusive charity passionate devotion intricacies orthodox easily recognizable beauties musical science learned remarkable fact stem usher race honored put period enduring branch words entire family lay direct line descent trifling temporary variation lain
child nearly months grown rosy chubby bundle living fat threw prey kissed violently began scream terror began cry stretched arms nurse soon saw began laughed saw took fields ran excitedly sat shade trees opened heart told infant troubles hard anxieties hopes tired child violence caresses took greatest pleasure handling washing dressing confirmation maternity look feeling surprised say low voice danced arms baby baby cried home returned farm scarcely master called room feeling astonished nervous knowing sit sat moments remained side side embarrassment arms hanging sides looking face manner peasants farmer stout jovial obstinate forty lost wives evidently felt embarrassed unusual
fact knew knew chaffed betrayed short begun constitute bond marked afternoon weatherend opportunities meeting multiplied event promoted occasions death ancient lady aunt wing losing mother extent found shelter widowed mother successor property succeeded thanks high tone high temper forfeiting supreme position house deposition personage arrived death difference young woman marcher expert attention recognised dependent pride ache didn bristle easier thought aching soothed miss bartram finding able set small home london acquired property amount luxury aunt extremely complicated matter began straightened took let happy issue view seen accompanied ancient lady town paid visit friends conveniently weatherend charms hospitality friends achieved miss bartram quiet detachment london succeeded persuading absence aunt
afternoon spring young met frankest betrayal alarms late evening settled presented fresh light waning april days affects ofen sadness sharper greyest hours autumn week warm spring supposed begun early bartram sat fire fact marcher sense gave scene formed part smooth ultimate look air knowing immaculate order cold meaningless cheer fire aspect scarce intensified note white wax marks signs face numerous fine etched needle soft white draperies relieved faded green scarf delicate tone consecrated picture serene exquisite impenetrable sphinx head person powdered silver sphinx white petals green fronds lily artificial lily wonderfully imitated constantly dust stain exempt slight droop complexity faint creases clear glass bell perfection household care high polish finish reigned rooms especially looked marcher present wound tucked put sit folded hands
boys sitting harbour wall playing dice reading newspaper steps monument resting shadow hero flourishing sword high girl filling bucket fountain fruit seller lying scales staring sea vacant window door openings cafe drinking wine proprietor sitting table front dozing bark silently making harbour borne invisible means water blue blouse climbed ashore drew rope ring boatman dark coats silver buttons carried bier beneath flower patterned tasselled silk cloth apparently lying quay troubled newcomers lowered bier wait boatman occupied rope nearer asked question accorded inquisitive glance pilot detained woman child breast appeared loosened hair deck boat advanced yellowish house rose abruptly left sea bearers took burden bore low gracefully pillared door boy opened window party vanishing house hastily shut window door shut black oak strongly flock doves flying round belfry alighted street house food stored assembled front door
difficult describe subtle brotherhood established seas mentioned dwelt boat felt warm captain oiler cook correspondent friends friends curiously iron bound degree common hurt captain lying water jar bow spoke low voice calmly command ready swiftly obedient crew motley dingey mere recognition common safety surely quality personal heartfelt devotion commander boat comradeship correspondent instance taught cynical knew experience mentioned wish sail remarked captain try overcoat end oar give boys chance rest cook correspondent held mast spread wide overcoat oiler steered boat rig oiler scull sharply sea breaking boat sailing success lighthouse growing slowly larger assumed color appeared grey shadow sky oars prevented turning head try glimpse grey shadow top wave tossing boat land
think married think unlucky mind child looked meant saw lines mouth trying hide stoutly lucky person mother sudden laugh stared didn god told asserted brazening hope dear laugh bitter mother excellent mother husband exclamations boy saw believe paid attention assertion angered want compel attention vaguely childish seeking clue luck absorbed taking heed sort stealth seeking inwardly luck wanted luck wanted wanted girls playing dolls nursery sit big rocking horse charging madly space frenzy girls peer uneasily widly horse careered waving dark hair boy tossed eyes strange glare girls dared speak ridden end mad journey climbed stood front rocking horse staring fexedly lowered face red mouth slightly open big eye wide glassy bright silently command snorting steed luck
miranda walked father feeling homeless sorry forgiven knew guess felt words acknowledgment side arrived need remember caused division important surely hold grudges forever young want live thought arrogance pride mistakes depend point depend step walking silence elders longer cousin eva father forgotten presence eva harry knew comfortable contemporaries equal terms occupied place arrived paths familiar need play roles daughter son aged persons understand father elderly female cousin young persons understand precisely eyes cleared voices relaxed perfect naturalness need weigh words calcuulate effect manner place thought miranda resented slowly deeply profound silence presence aliens lectured admonished loved bitterness denied look eyes demanded accept version tell truth smallest thing
clock afternoon texan crumpled paper carton dropped earth beneath copper slant levelling sun fell line limp garments mrs littlejohn backyard cast shadow post sat lot ponies rushed purposeless tireless surges texan straightened leg thrust hand pocket took coin leaned boy voice hoarse spent bud run store box gingersnaps stood fence tireless overalls faded shirts appeared suddenly standing fence space width side standing small definite isolation chewing tobacco gray trousers minute bow tie departed summer cap gray overlaid bright golfer plaid looking horses lot save sold sums ranging dollars half eleven twelve dollars purchasers bid gathered instinct separate group side gate stood hands lying top strand fence watching sober intensity animals owned seve hours laid hands husband henry stood post texan sat
clock morning sitting squatting gallery store sixth ratliff standing talking maybe wasn things mrs littlejohn house night eck says biggest drove horse seen room front porch hear mrs littlejohn hitting head washboard yard missing everytime reckon texas meant calling bargains need powerful unlucky close hurt laughed eck boy eating mounted steps eck store emerged paper sack took segment cheese pocket knife divided carefully exact halves gave boy took handful crackers sack gave boy squatted wall side side save difference size identical eating wonder horse thought ratliff held spray peach bloom teeth bore blossoms miniature ballet skirts pink tulle jumping windows running indoors shirt tail wonder ratliffs horse thought saw don ratliff saw half saw sholy surrounded turned head thing running swirling run boy
marie stayed pretty close home surprised street night leaned forward porch told young italian wasn cry showed visit afterward spent summer evenings sitting stoop finally married surprised girl marie going courted married courted married father say night pull car someplace astonished marriage marie lived house flat downstairs father owned house turned renters upstairs moved mother marie appeared baby lived baby flat wonderfully changed marie husband move slowly making home think city working wait night deep clumsy happiness laugh desire wonder saw father mother left pretty italian throve known street liked personally knew speak approved early flat wearing clean clothes big stiff gloves stuck jauntily pocket walk briskly smiling delighted street
piece fiction matter length subject matter found consist combination panoramas scenes fiction writer solved initial problem authority confronted technical problem effectively combine panoramas scenes produce illusion reality striving attempting arrive distinction panorama scene hold mind root meaning words panorama means literally seen greek word derive word scene meant originally tent covered place finally stage spectacle play exhibited henry james fiction writer chief concern vivid image say true scene fiction writer analysis chiefly concerned goes tent stage chosen words task show happened effort approximate authority dramatist fiction writer forget command resources techniques dramatist easily avail foremost skilful panorama panorama greek chorus affords author opportunity means commenting individual happening greek chorus lends characters dignity relating humanity general ancient times principle widely observed omniscient narrator invoked divine aid called muse setting tell story homer begins odyssey hero tale beg muse help tell resourceful roamed wide sacked holy citadel troy
discuss subject properly range short story larger arts fiction drama crowning problem critical discussion imaginative literature endures sense symbolic stand special written permits acknowledge melville called shock recognition symbol sign knows infers thing symbolism practise art visible sensuous representations express immaterial ideal intangible truth states natural symbols sea sky social moral historical symbols home cross flag created symbols result individual imaginative power literal level ernest killers realistically objectively rendered omniscient narrator records audience diner stage door opened result overhearing conversation cook nick walks house ole andreson lives returns diner reports cook conversation andreson expresses emotion feels result conversation cook advises forget heard literal reading story convey reader immaterial ideal intangible truth states read masterpiece naturalism suspense story reader conscious fact symbols operate lend deeper significance killers action takes place indoors nick walks street ole andreson rooming house sees light bare branches tree
happier fran invented ideology going briefly idea america needed mainstream america needed jim herndon traveler voyageur precisely traveled road certainly welcome teacher instance antidote kinds teachers known child course misled reading french newspapers colonized west voyageurs wasn america needed needed order reason going suspected fired happened lose free transportation america anxious collect fired sin able jobs fran especially couldn leaving classified documents laying overnight plain sight spies frogs suspicious cats sorts couldn revising files full indignant letters french contractors complaints airfields sinking mud southern france america sat york hotel bar drinking gin tonics summertime watching ball games tv waiting government paid plane tickets san francisco north carolina seen tv let ball game yankees playing cleveland york giants playing boston braves brooklyn dodgers playing ago left america spent days york days yankees playing cleveland games yankee stadium
frank agreed ca school soon began calling absolutely worst class imagined worked lot blame griping commiserating telling wasn fault administration fault thing scheduling things wrong kids fault kind kids school fault manifesting atmosphere wouldn fact main things nature firmly connected fault detail concerned leaving class issued permanent hall passes kid told kids classrooms asking permission leave school grounds stopped show passes announced casually simple obvious biggest drags school fact kid wants want send kid somethinng stop write pass sign date put expected destination didn kid sure stopped adult halls trouble halls pass
sure spring shocking photographs began attention staff pictures alike respect showed naked youthful male figure bellybutton mid thigh general likeness course lots pubic hair scanty pubic hair dark medium light photos color definite suntan lines mediuum convoluted spiral plain indented bellybuttons dicks circumcised uncircumcised begin skinny short fat fat short skinny medium sized average dicks frank trying kids creative kids invented art boys cut school lunchtime school school tierra firma shopping center photomat machine booth quarter picutr sitting grinning lens hair combed pulled pants shorts pulled shirt stood seat confederate shoved quarter stood making sure split photos school able pass girls passing complicated knew kid didn bellybutton pubic hair dick girls try guess
school abandons grades iq achievement testing produce losers aplenty winners fundamental act american public school deal children groups group children age decides children expected teacher representative school tells children children hear hear children win teacher comes teachers room says students predict grades kid sure prediction works minimum variation deal children groups teach graders read write ch board ask knows sounds kids raise hands tremendous relief going think sure maybe ch changed mamas told heard happy sounds lot smart kids class age group grade section public school subject matter carefully arranged kids primary grades school try teach didn winners raising hands advance question teacher works losers winners winners free read draw talk learn stuff loser grade learned school demanded knew entered grade grade assessed winners losers don produce subject matter
study teacher dreams dreams full anxiety things happening account teacher couldn find room couldn find roll book kids wouldn sit principal consultant superintendent sudden teacher forgotten wear pants naked administrators frowning study didn mention dreams students dreams trying find high school biology class wandered unfamiliar halls familiar trying figure wondering going say biology teacher giving knew final test today didn dream change teacher students knew didn questions ask final test pants stolen hard sticking desk tried stoop goddamn principal dressed waiting classic dreams occur imagine determine happens teachers imagine determine built school teachers decided thirty desks room teachers decided thirty kids room learn egypt seventh grade teachers decided forty minutes lunch stewed tomatoes plastic containers teachers
characteristic institution continue exist action undertaken respect eternity characteristic reason savings bank persuade save savings bank broke savings bank continue exist place save school encourage students learn students learned quickly soon leave school learned students left school cease exist institution students place learn argument arrive description institution institution place things things institutions reproached forcefully admit savings bank say want save hide bread mattress bury yard bastard school want learn hire tutor watch tv parents teach fuck institution arguments circular change change music spheres change institution english middle class audience going play george bernard shaw change institution loves change criticism adapts endures hip warp woof nation perns gyres parents america realizing child learned needs school write read recite preamble wish send apprenticed job garment district child learn ways bread family school institution congress respond law universal education wit parent send child school age
meeting weeks happened began realize meeting speculated working anyway part talking kids eileen car completely stolen plenty mean say didn depend politics spanish main school order occupy minds arpine put ditto sheet reading teachers boxes teachers room turn figured middle picked rumors reading teachers decided try solve problem holding regular meetings principal heard mind arpine solution apparently meeting needs considered tracking dividing kids ability groups meetings began outraged inevitable product unrecognized zeal reading meetings going inviting arpine eileen reading teachers tracking bullshit principal office asked sam politely sure notified future meetings agreed attitude mild surprise request obvious say included arpine crusade going reported arpine crusade angry suspected term crusade gave notion sam wasn
monday mornings school kids sit await announcement teacher daily lives class period surprising beautiful blanks wait filling blanks future re actions talk teachers full enthusiasm hope finally gotten class say watch teach richard didn sit await door straight smiling holding inch brown backed yellow water dog hand saying water dog water dog kind newt salamander common warm water california coastal streams catch skin sandpapery fact visage reptilian odd impression warm notion hold water dog likes underwater streams navarro deep holes legs outspread sinking slowly bottom reach push swim upwards orange surface amphibians richard medium sized twelve boy pleasant face wide smile blue jacket zipped showing water dog telling cabinets began looking put water dog called roll mispronounced names found aquariums ran water put water dog talked school formalities rocks dirt aquarium watched water dog swim crawl
teacher part thing pay attention give protection rest able leave tizzo tizzo maintained relationship richard insisted remaining richard friend eye instructed played played game room richard bad ill tempered car speeding going red lights road hog tizzo police car judge sentenced car jail locked closet extract promises bad car reforming let bad car immediately start speeding room arrested richard thought play game tizzo saw restricted richard week friday period kids game kids complained richard childishness week fact found childishness attractive tizzo permit play tizzo father practicing father richard richard tizzo learning kid unlike therapist richard father tizzo didn want richard turn person accept human condition hear telling richard forthrightly wasn car tizzo richard say game pretend car fridays
early history america suffered short supply labor south led introduction negro slaves rest country led decline system apprenticeship europe future physicians lawyers merchants bankers artisans craftsmen kinds received training apprenticeship short supply labor prevented american specialist apprenticing master learn skill colonial american learn perform tasks frequently provide clothing shelter clear land plant crops tend animals care children nurse sick settle disputes jack trades afford specialist american daniel boorstin words undifferentiated europe labor shortage continue train children specific jobs jobs suited social status europe child expected enter specific occupation predicted fair amount accuracy social position family frequently position family eldest son inherited father estate inevitably determined career opportunitties america child future indeterminate cities established eighteenth century expanding economy shifting population combined produce unlimited unexpected opportunities problem prepare unexpected unfamiliar unknown land learn frontier farm forests learned experience guides settled cities eastern seaboard case found trade commerce carried traditional ways
president wayland sounding clarion call chicago asked educators boldly southern states teach truth truth actually hordes yankee teachers invaded south president wayland national teachers association late bellwethers descent begun war going teachers pressing hard heels soldiers early england freedmen aid society teachers port royal virginia organization american missionary society founded abolitionist society remained active war supplying teachers literally army society teachers field seventy philanthropic associations concerned sending teachers south societies strictly denominational freedmen aid society methodist episcopal church established fifty schools teachers expended philanthropic associations large impressive american union commission offices york boston philadelphia baltimore chicago small local associations short lived variety number associations sending teachers south impossible determine northern teachers actually south period educational philanthropic associations frequently carried cooperation freedmen bureau established bureau refugees freedmen abandoned lands finally establishment schools function bureau special concern head general howard admission devoted attention education branch
southern states began establish statewide systems public education faced period problems acute poverty destitution surprising legislatures bothered educational matters bills setting systems education passed south laws passed relief debtors allocations money buy food starving rise public school system south difficult extent freed negro considered threat black codes imposed legal constraints negro making subordinate white ensure bonds broken justification proffered black codes negro ignorant qualified exercise duties citizenship corollary argument course white qualified exercise duties citizenship ignorant argument viable plans ensure perpetuation ignorance race enlightenment education ensure race remained place bills passed southern states post war period reveal strategy constraining negro curtailing educational opportunities providing liberal educational opportunitties whites texas set public school fund exclusively education white scholastics georgia plan schooling ages twenty limited free white inhabitants arkansas established system free public education whites tennessee law provided maintenance schools months separate schools colored children
response white southerners speech electric finished speaking washington found governor bullock rushed stage shaking hand handshaking thumping hearty congratulations washington difficulty getting building papers parts united states published address full months complimentary editorial references editor atlanta constitution wrote part exaggerate say professor booker washington address yesterday notable speeches character warmth reception delivered southern audience address revelation speech platform blacks whites stand full justice washington slavery days atlanta address washington received congratulatory message grover cleveland president united states poignant comment reporter york noted end speech negroes audience crying knowing negroes initial burst enthusiasm gradually began grow suspicion sold alanta address soon referred atlanta compromise actually speech atlanta departure washington earlier doctrine earliest preached fellow negroes south honest thrifty cultivate white friendliness educate children prepare future washington abrogate social political civil equality atlanta equality result severe constant struggle words sentiments expressed atlanta
objective elimination white discrimination naacp inevitably adopted approach legalism key integration education major legal battles discrimination attempts secure educational opportunities equal whites finally leaders association shared du bois belief power educated negro elite lead masses securing rights naacp directed legal assaults discrimination higher education naacp fight segregation public schools placing money power educated elite naacp concerned minority showed worry negro masses choosing legalism naacp inevitably centered southern states largely ignoring increasing numbers negroes living de facto ghettos north ghettos infected social ills twentieth century booker washington vision strong healthy negro community remained vision quality standard living ghettos declined white fears increased fear contagion reinforced determination whites strong walls segregation period naacp winning legal victories negro white prejudice negro mounting legal victories spectacular danger negro disenchantment increased disenchantment lead despair finally violence heralded walls tumbling unanimous supreme court declared case brown topeka board education segregated public schools unconstitutional white southerners greeted decision shock fury washington post labeled black monday negroes expectedly hailed decision jubilation
move city created problems emigrant family farm village family integrated member job specific tasks entire family included aunt uncle cousins functioned economic unit city unity family disappeared city individual family economic unit father older children frequently mother worked home worked unknown employer unfriendly impersonal strange unfamiliar job lacked meaning totally unconnected conditions extended family hold responsibilities duties uncles aunts cousins nephews lacked clear definitions environment gradually family reduced parents children city transformed farm father head household enterprise city sole main provider employed worked menial task degraded family eyes women spared move city upset routines changed roles daily tasks required tend family supply needs infinitely complex confusing land ignorance poverty neglect crowded family quarters disorderly food poor poorly prepared rise city represented radical break past urbanization meant moving country city land factory urbanization involved basic thinking behavior social values
describing american city lord bryce inhabitants members community aggregation human atoms grains desert sand wind sweeps thither quest community remained unfulfilled newcomers uprooted considered menace natives continued pour city battle atomization hopeless decade century half million immigrants america million arrived war practically stopped immigration war aroused antialien sentiments fears allegedly unassimilated hyphenated americans bitterness hatred foreign born evident rural americans direct contact foreigners forces powerful congress pass immigration restriction law president wilson veto later immigrant quota act passed restrictive quota system actually immigration risen million rate prewar twenties rose half million quota act drastically reduced numbers coming america schools overcome atomization urban recapture community course happen city schools confronted problem catastrophe displaced earlier anxieties ills urbanization thirties american school took awesome responsibilities depression depression thirties worst american history economic crisis disaster shattered abiding american faith social progress schools restore faith
loss job opportunities city forced welfare enforced idleness frequently sapped initiative workingman spectacle deleterious impact aspirations youung bother trying job city youth negro suffered absence father home imitate prove oneself fight negro youth city frequently lacked encourage efforts applaud triumphs protect solace failed result negro youth drew trying technological change uninhibited technological change reduced job opportunities newcomers city james conant commented study early sixties slum area large city negro roughly percent boys girls aged sixteen twenty school unemployed nation percent negro compared thirds white worked steadily full jobs negroes comprised percent labor force accounted percent total unemployment nearly percent term unemployment unemployment lasting twenty weeks longer sixties denied fact cities contained numbers unemployed nonwhites deep disagreement significance massive unemployment whites took mean negro desire city order welfare benefits negro wanted argument job lacked initiative wanted demeaning interpretation negro unemployment rarely openly voiced public officials expressed press nonetheless widespread classes whites urban nonurban
million workers faced unemployment working class fifths worked months york city quarter total labor force according henry pelling depression american history severe working class retained regular employment period fall low point depression york worker rhetorically asked carpenters live coming winter moment hopes fading fortunes soaring depression progress industrialization marked combination businesses bigger units son itinerant medicine seller organized standard oil company ohio standard oil controlled percent pipe lines refineries united states thirty john rockefeller feared hated america later eighties public gain knowledge vast holdings rockefeller tactics oppression extortion price controls standard oil depression widely known wealth rough ready commodore vanderbilt vanderbilt listed merely nineteen yorkers wealth estimated million dollars end war american worth million vanderbilt amassed millions keeping technological revolution going transportation starting dilapidated ferry commodore built fleet river steamboats moving waterways rails railroad king seventies
rapid increase number high schools explained partly fact public high schools increasingly responsive expectations demands local school district financial support high school local school district high schools choice responsive demands period rapid growth finds amazing increase number variety public high school programs study north central area revealed high schools offered course classical latin course remaining high schools programs offered programs number high schools area risen high schools offered grand total programs high schools offered single program thirty offered programs offered high school programs programs consist general normal programs appeared high schools alongside classical program nineties found addition newcomers english german program scientific scientific engineering technological programs commercial english program tremendous expansion subjects programs high schools popular masses expansion brought increase number high schools prevented creation american school system school system high schools prepared students admission colleges proliferation subjects programs high schools lowered quality education respecting colleges admit high school graduates
calvin woodward established manual training school country school located st louis spawned host imitators nineties public manual training schools found philadelphia st paul chicago denver boston brooklyn calvin woodward established school fit young actual duties direct practical manner ordinary american school eighties educators attacked manual training movement crass vocationalism proponents shifted grounds pointed disciplinary powers subject manual training argued school educate child disciplining mind hands nineties manual training movement continued grow massachusetts passed law required cities inhabitants include manual training high school courses manual training educators took pains distinguish technical trade industrial education manual training saw part general education counted vocational preparation experts manual training spent justifying fellow educators laymen increasingly impatient impracticality kind schooling meeting nea charles warren mechanic arts high school springfield massachusetts pointed members manual industrial department manufacturers looking forward manual training schools turn graduates proficient line able willing join forces employers producers expressing hope stigmatized deserter ranks true educational manual training warren offered timid suggestion manual training schools connected trade education
stepped look system created american saw expand articulate schools wrought change function american school nineties carnegie correctly observed american school functioned unifying force equalizing children citizens american school functioned equalizer selector articulated system education permitted talented climb top educational ladder ladder led professional jobs differentiated school system selected talented higher level jobs selected rest destined office jobs destined factory jobs educational ladder opportunity ladders schools fell awesome responsibility selecting child climb charles eliot clear talk gave meeting nspie pointed industrial schools established decide attend function teachers elementary schools judgment function important teachers elementary schools sort pupils sort evident probable destinies sorting according probable distinies totally function american school past american school decided probable destiny children attended america insisted job occupation america land opportunity idea job mean job
twenties americans euphemistically referred repudiation war return normalcy point hedonism replaced spirit sacrifice sense responsibility gave neglect civic participation disappeared face widespread apathy progressivism dead participant democracy progressives hoped create materialized twenties initiative referendum recall invoked sparingly practices introduced progressives actually produced change political economic situation female suffrage appreciable difference direct election senators direct primary left nominations hands party managers summarizing impact progressivism twenties eric goldman concluded conspicuous result lack result twenties american intellectuals bade farewell reform losing hopes creating participant democratic society reform democracy incompatible demoncratic society tolerated ku klux klan jailed sacco vanzetti staged scopes trial imposed nation wide prohibition alcoholic beverages henry mencken heroes age declared democracy end mob sodden brutal ignorant mencken interest social questions ludicrous unfashionable democracy farce known facts lie flatly wrote enjoy democracy enormously incomparably idiotic incomparably amusing mencken stirred violent opposition political satire cared characteristic jazz age scott fitzgerald interest politics apolitical period group educators founded organization named progressive education association pea
commission organized resources fields science social studies mathematics language literature art basic areas personal social relationships social civic relationships economic relationships personal living basic areas analyzed terms needs guide reorganization secondary schools needs identified economic relationships need emotional assurance progress adult status need guidance choosing occupation vocational preparation need wise selection goods services need effective action solving basic economic problems course american secondary schools adopted entire reorganization plan commission concept meeting needs youth soon basis educational planning donald doane write published doctoral dissertation point educators today agreement educational programs secondary school founded needs children concerned needs youth evaluation curriculum proposals attempt analyze classify opinions needs imply curriculum despite efforts doane agreement reached american educators needs youth result concept need lent support rapidly expanding curriculum double subjects offered mere twelve earlier according john latimer find subjects high school curriculum significant numerical increase shift quality curriculum late leading fields study high schools foreign languages mathematics science
white house conference education americans began role schools light april william benton united states senator reported york times magazine recent trip ussr convinced education main feature cold war russia classrooms libraries laboratories teaching methods threaten hydrogen bombs senator october americans witnessed russian sputnik attributed feat superior schooling provided ussr chancellor university kansas address american council education months russian triumph declared message ball carries americans stop listen half twentieth century important trained educated mind sphere tells desirability utmost necessity highest quality expanded dimensions educational effort message clear schools united states concentrated ideology soviets stressed quality instruction basic subjects technological supremacy payoff russians won round americans quality education admiral hyman rickover father atomic submarine selling book american education announced aroused dangerous effect poor education strength influence power let vision soothing words hold righteous anger sweep clean temple learning bring quality educators tried defend american school system grounds served needs cater elite gifted students case europe ussr
decade witnessed dramatic change educational placement mildly moderately handicapped children centuries segregated special class institutional home bound programs children educated frequently regular classroom tradition segregated educational placement mainstreaming educational placement procedure completely accepted teachers administrators parents justifiably questioned validity mainstreaming educational community developed substantial case segregated programs ago regular classroom teachers special education teachers tend loss asked justify mainstreaming describe benefits derived regular classroom placement handicapped students concept mainstreaming achieve greater acceptance teachers need mainstreaming occurred research conducted impact mainstreaming handicapped nonhandicapped students order provide practical justification mainstreaming section addresses historical educational social occurred united states believed current attitudes practices educational roots evolving developmental process tempered experience knowledge growing social conscience concerning dignity worth individuals handicapped nonhandicapped detailed chronology educational development scope book selected historical highlights understand progress education handicapped kirk gallagher summarize historical stages reflect social attitudinal handicapped historically stages development attitudes handicapped child recognized
resource teacher model handicapped students maintain continuous enrollment regular classroom scheduled portion school resource room resource room pupils receive individual small group instruction educational difficulties substantially reduced referred pupils need resource room support academically behaviorally ready maintain full enrollment regular classroom pupils grouped resource room according educational needs disability labels mentally retarded characterized traditional contained classrooms resource room teacher tests children identify skills targeted instruction develops objectives strategies methods correspond pupils needs resource room teacher assistance instructional aide direct instruction students referred resource room individual group instruction provided necessarily limited basic skill areas resource room instructional group possibly include cerebral palsied emotionally disturbed mentally retarded learning disabled students cooperation regular classroom teacher resource room teacher adapt materials handicapped student regular classroom resource teacher assists classroom teacher development materials educational plans suggests commercially instructional materials number handicapped students served resource room range varies depending eligibility criteria educational policies formulated local school district level handicapped pupil referred resource room regular classroom teacher care adhere procedures safeguards mandated pl difficult problems resolved resource room teacher model matter scheduling child receive instruction resource room
estimated percent handicapped children united states receiving educational services view figure national commitment serve handicapped child manner expressed education handicapped children act dramatically ushers era education handicapped dramatic departure past illustrated comparison decision wisconsin supreme court mentally normal blind child barred school handicap depressing nauseating effect teachers children recently according office education percent handicapped children receiving special services spite progress parents educators public officials face challenge today faced earlier educators handicapped recent survey public school students united states department health education welfare reported surprising educational disparities pointed special needs survey shows nationally percent black students special education percent nonminority children percent children south assigned special education categories compared percent west percent northeast considerable amount progress providing handicapped quality educational opportunities deal remains national advisory council handicapped report refers challenge unfinished revolution certainly ultimate goal working acceptance handicapped basis personal human qualities exceptionalities case trend placement restrictive environment elimination labeling favor functional categories movements direction
providing services severely profoundly retarded begin contemporary principle normalization dictates society provide services facilities allow individual live normal manner based philosophical position inception scandinavian countries concept normalization emphasizes retarded citizen live family environment home community cases severity retardation dictates institutionalization living conditions expected approximate patterns mainstream society stops define normalization simple say borders naive let mentally subnormal obtain existence close normal situations normal certainly found large institutions mentally retarded normalization infers large diversified mental institutions euphemistically called schools farms colonies hospitals homes normalization extends architectural structural considerations actually philosophy principle makes mentally subnormal patterns conditions everyday close norms patterns mainstream society serve guide medical educational psychological social political field expand normalization means mentally subnormal person opportunity experience normal rhythm week seasons identity bisexual contacts problems everyday living normal living facilities context individuals specific handicap gunzburg states suggests simply subnormal normal opportunities living experiencing choosing shouldering responsibilities working encouraged stimulated function higher level competence deprived opportunities
primary reason children physical handicaps health impairments require special services frequency duration absences school consistent disruption continuity learning creates problems teacher child important teacher understand absences occur school days child appears unable perform simplest routinely required tasks description physical health conditions affect child understanding provide insight term effects condition child major neurological disabilities considered discussion cerebral palsy epilepsy spina bifida poliomyelitis damage central nervous system present conditions permanent consequent paralysis muscular dysfunction requires special educational modifications child school child lose sensation lose voluntary control movements unable feel move affected parts body specialized equipment teaching methods enable student effectively participate school program cerebral palsy called disease condition caused brain damage results motor dysfunction common anoxia physical trauma damage areas brain control body movement coordination cerebral hemorrhaging poisonings congenital malformations brain result cerebral palsy cases genetic determinants uncommon approximately live births cerebral palsied children children cerebral palsy multiple handicaps mental retardation accompanies condition estimates ranging high percent percent persons cerebral palsy scoring iq auditory visual perceptual disorders common children cerebral palsy normal population
handicapped child appears classroom teacher money order special assistive devices instructional materials teachers discouraged materials adapted altered materials readily paper pencil tasks easier students involuntary motor movements paper taped writing surface large paper help writing larger difficult read students need supplemental assistance fine motor control color control paper red green control lines developmental learning materials dlm ideal line paper raised lines help student stay lines writing modern education corp mec substituted large primary paper teacher realize large pencils pens easier handicapped students grasp grip built styrofoam hair curlers small rubber balls dental acrylic foam addition homemade adaptations cylindrical foam padding sammons vinyl triangular pencil grips dlm ideal purchased cardboard stencils help child draw horizontal vertical diagonal lines lines combined circles arcs form basic strokes printing cursive writing companies offer grooved letters numerals tracing dlm ideal assistive devices combined plywood templates double handed training scissors dlm provide maximum opportunities physically handicapped student develop fine motor control lap trays fit wheelchairs heavy plywood greatly aid wheelchair bound students trays provide surface students contribute feeling security easily cut interfere propelling chair
numerous educational definitions classifications deal hearing impairment testify inability administrators teachers alike reach consensus terminology ambiguity dialogue professionals due fact terms refer auditory deficit effects common arises term hearing loss professionals refer child hearing loss say db correct comes asa standards required intensity dial audiometer labeled hearing loss newer revision standards recommended term hearing threshold level htl hearing loss correctly reserved general condition hearing impairment process confusions arise dealing children deficits effects interpreted predictively developmental context hearing impairment means loss auditory sensitivity davis silverman called dysacusis loss sensitivity readily measured covers continuum mild intermittent loss auditory acuity irreversible total complete loss hearing sysacusis covers important dimensions hearing range malfunction sense organ poor discrimination amplified speech abnormal function brain auditory agnosia hard fast distinction disability handicap past term hearing impaired unfortunately synonym concepts handicap deafness degree person function limited disability extent disadvantage renders success difficult disability constitutes handicap individual child extent depend variety factors
hearing impaired students educational placements likely exhibit satisfactory academic social behaviors students unable perform expected levels identified teachers poor academic records exhibiting emotional behavior problems students need educational placement review academic performance discussed later chapter emotional behavioral problems related family factors discussed intent minimize importance factors focus variables present educational setting emotional behavioral problems derive inter intrapersonal conficts gregarious nature human beings suggests social acceptance important factor student adjustments sociometric studies elser force perry johnson suggest hearing impaired students group socially accepted hearing peers regular classroom settings kennedy bruininks mccauley bruininks kennedy found significant differences hearing hearing impaired groups regular classroom settings elser kennedy bruininks perry johnson found severely profoundly impaired students readily accepted impaired students attempts isolate variables acceptance led speculation sympathy preschool intervention presence absence hearing aids factors literature describing social acceptance hearing impaired students hearing students regular class settings inconclusive sociometric studies examining peer acceptance variables school deaf literature teacher reported information provided annually office demographic studies gallaudet college includes reports hearing impaired students considered educationally significant emotional behavioral problems jensema trybus examined relationship reported emotional behavioral problems selected demographic variables
education hearing impaired existed north america conscientious effort directed quality education results complacency hearing impaired adults demonstrated responsible citizenship steady contributions society despite general conditions underemployment low educational standards due lack facility english language challenge clearly remains education improve contributions habilitative process chapter major components relating education hearing impaired students attempts list suggestions classroom teachers authors intent describe current art provide checklist activities checklists minimal standards educational definitions result simplistic solutions complex problems educators aware auditory signals processed chapter included description basic anatomy physiology auditory mechanism discussion types hearing loss abnormal function outer middle ear reader provided overview basic clinical procedures pure tone air conduction bone conduction empedance audiometry speech hearing tests diagnosis abnormal auditory function result fitting hearing aid electroacoustic amplification varies greatly type response characteristics body level ear level monaural binaural individual aids group amplification systems distinguished explanation prevailing standards education hearing impaired energy expended methods controversy debate means resolved generally recognized emotion logic found polemics relative merit communication methods major philosophical positions differentiated recognition oral communication orientation provide child sufficient skills function society hearing impaired child forms communication learning process
management temporal spatial human resources sets conditions learning teacher select suitable mode communicating instructional information student specifically determined learner find correct perform target skill despite sophistication current educational technology actually basic strategies direct instruction instructional model developed cawley fitzmaurice shaw kahn bates university connecticut identifies primary methods providing input learners teaching content teacher choice constructing presenting stating graphically symbolizing input options employed singly combination construct mode involves concrete demonstrations teacher actively manipulates materials model desired response present mode fixed visual aids pictorial representations displayed illustrate concept study mode requires verbal explanation teacher finally teacher communicate instructions printed words symbols graphic symbolic mode methods input incorporated comprehensive mathematics program project math program recognized model teaching developmental remedial curriculum multiple option method affords flexibility tailoring instruction individual learning needs options teacher designing instructional program recognition alternatives willingness try chief prerequisites applying system classroom difficult teachers deviate preferred instructional strategies true individualization depends adaptation teaching styles match student learning styles aspects learning style relevant selection instructional modes modality preference level abstraction student demonstrates significant perceptual processing deficit intact perceptual channels assume importance teaching
person strolls hall typical elementary school briefly looking classroom number obvious differences observed classroom students seated orderly fashion watching listening teacher lecturing front class classroom noise greater clusters students scattered room teacher moving group group classroom teacher working records desk students read write talk individually desks fourth classroom teacher severely admonishing student rest classroom group watches disciplinary process course exemplary classrooms represent small portion infinite number teacher student behaviors routinely observed closer look classrooms reveal greater differences teachers students assuming observation characteristic teacher style teachers represent authoritarian information giver education communication process facilitator student interaction places priority informality involvement uninvolved laissez faire teacher places emphasis recordkeeping aspects classroom organization disciplinarian concerned managerial aspects teaching students observed behaviors range motionless quiet obedient students active loud defiant completely involved lesson virtually asleep students comply teacher expectations pursue interest regardless classroom situation important students school succeed learning school fail learn
curriculum traditionally defined educational experiences planned students persistent influence learning climate unlike variable influence exercised teachers student groups curriculum tends term subtle impact classroom learning climate curriculum influence obvious classroom climate cumulative effects academic achievement failure profound curriculum influence learning climate includes content material learned students process employed facilitate learning content process impact learning climate discussed separately reality intricately interrelated dichotomized individual treatment content process serve identify describe critical curriculum factors effects classroom climate relate handicapped students students required learn information earlier school experience increasing education emphasis acquisition academic knowledge reached point teachers students ignore fact prescribed levels competency required school successfully completed extent curriculum patterns subject matter areas predetermined regulations policies grossly altered fit individual needs interests students question content students required study math reading science content alternatives enable handicapped students academically successful students obvious alternative related content relevance relevance refers consistency content material characteristics students including students learning style lifestyle increase interest motivation success students relate content experience success rate involvement enhance classroom climate hand content inappropriate boredom frustration evolve active passive behaviors create negative climate
importance early intervention overemphasized community support service system optimum contribution development handicapped child early intervention developmental services kinds services needed provided handicapped child family subsequent diagnosis handicap prior entrance program formal education school age service continuums include infant intervention programs preschool programs degree success achieved early services dependent degree age child introduction limitations earlier services provided results child development family adjustment services provided programs include evaluation initial diagnosis establishment realistic developmental expectations parent counseling psychological informational home training including practical techniques management child home specialized child training practices developmental exercises social experiences exposure parents children similar problems normal children agencies providing early intervention services include medical clinics large hospitals community child guidance mental health clinics clinics facets residential facilities early intervention programs universities public school systems regardless provider services program responsive consumer need professional parents actively involved implementation program serving primary change agents primary focus early intervention efforts development mutually reinforcing parent child relationships involving parents diagnostic developmental evaluations responding parental suggestions wishes planning intervention programs seeking develop parental caring teaching children organized executed system early intervention services key component community service continuum proven effectiveness past considerable potential future aid handicapped children families
handicapped individuals especially mentally retarded spend lives adults need vocational services children need educational services handicapped require special preparation special services order reach potential vocational personal social areas kinds services needed handicapped secondary level student adult evaluation assessment aptitudes abilities attitudes vocational counseling referral programs vocational training including training related social communication skills job placement including provisions degrees sheltered employment followup services evaluate job adjustment changing needs agencies providing components services include public school system vocational responsibilities increased recent legislation vocational rehabilitation agencies public vocational training centers funded federal agencies vocational rehabilitation act private nonprofit rehabilitation facilities provide programs residential institutions attempt prepare residents employment community adjustment handicapped special interest current emphasis normalization rights handicapped increasing need vocational services moves minimum competency testing teacher accountability implications vocational training handicapped educational systems past generally provided inadequate inappropriate vocational career education programs handicapped resulting underpreparation consequent underemployment unemployment post school programs provided vocational rehabilitation public agencies special interest groups able fully compensate lack early ongoing sequential development skills attitudes parents felt handicapped children received educational services needed securing employment leaving school vocational rehabilitation counselors stated spent training clients coming special education programs attitudes skills appropriately taught public schools
past decade states legislative provision career education programs financial constraints lack administrative guidelines model programs demonstrated effectiveness hindered implementation local levels states progress developing comprehensive career education guides teachers representative program michigan model career development model views career education broad categories career development career preparation identifies basic interrelated knowledge skills attitude components awareness assessment career awareness exploration career decision making career planning placement interrelated individual career preparationis defined acquiring academic vocatonal knowledge skills implement career decisions plans reference guide published michigan department education identifies desired career development academic outcomes companion publication ideas activities includes career development goals activities developed teachers teachers secondary level special education students format book enables user easily locate ideas academic subject area disability area career education instructional materials developed federal grants efforts local school systems agencies commercial publishers information materials secured eric clearinghouse career education eric clearinghouse handicapped gifted children educational products information exchange materials career education similar listings career education components desired competencies kokaska included basic areas development process career education career awareness career exploration career orientation career preparation broad areas competence identified kokaska essential success handicapped person adult roles social interaction skills decision making evaluation positive concept physical development leisure skills brolin career education coordination school family community components economic social personal fulfillment individual
cobweb mystery swept western country flow rivers known relationship ohio mississippi established frenchmen beginning la produced information leading issue claim land rich resources french anglo colonial traders competed indian favors goods pathways opened potomac ohio james appalachians george traders paddled canoes ohio lateral streams party south indian oldfields kentucky establish trading post country rocked hot rivalry frenchmen englishmen struggled backwoods diplomatic table control region parade latin explorers traders pressed streams canada louisiana paul celeron de southward quebec orders governor la lay tangible claim ohio valley burdened tin shields engraved leaden plates plant mouths rivers dodged hostile tribes indians traders alike indians feared loss homeland traders sought stave competition larger scene powerful nations beginning worldwide struggle determine mastery north american continent high seas frenchmen disturbed colonial officials traders alike rivalry international origin yorkers pennsylvanians marylanders carolinians virginians sought enrich exchanging cheap british goods prime furs skins headwaters ohio downstream pennsylvania virginia traders ranged widely eastern rim blue ridge virginia traders sought crowd carolinian competitors coming inland charleston western country rich prize
hunter trader knew kentucky rich store skins furs endless tracts land john swift added lure silver geologists repeatedly searched silver outcroppings found swift legend survives hill county persistent seek fortune searching nebulous silver plowing corn swift journal copied countless times transcriber writing beliefs secret desires owners copies journal hundreds forever making discreet inquiries worth coyly refuse part manuscripts wordings magic key riches historically john swift liar extraordinary legend part kentucky folkklore late july group mountaineers appealed kentucky parks commission establish park county partly grounds swift discovered silver mine case exuberant local citizens confidence silver tourists spend ability uncover mother lode kentucky wilderness offered hunter game amateur mineralogist fruits plucked danger sound movement identified hoot owl call familiar bird fact lurking warrior search scalp spring fall hunting parties crossed cumberland gap spend weeks months cumberland river wander deeper central canelands gaspar mansker elisha walden jack blevins benjamin cuthbirth henry skaggs william newman william pittman hunters forerunners anglo american civilization searched courses streams tested quality land learned location salt licks spied indian game trails
frustrating drew close boonesboro welcomed arrival winter heavy snow believed halt raids salt supply fort short january boone party saltmakers fatal blue licks boil salt rich brines bubbled place fear moment indians diligent saltmakers dipped boiled brine daniel woods hunting fresh meat warning band shawnees ambushed forced salt camp standing fellows persuaded indians boonesboro argued settlers fort bad weather strong summer season attack fort cornfields woods herds snow covered lower blue licks began series events reaching effects future kentucky settlements large extent sour remainder daniel boone stay kentucky tragedy captured lose leadership daniel boone calamitous indians boonesboro captured fort daniel boone outtalked talk frightening naive whites boone suspect suspician deepened accorded favorable treatment detroit chillicothe chief black fish governor henry hamilton boone stay shawnees moments comedy
lexington enjoyed doubtful distinction visited notorious irishman captain thomas ashe recording observations later england paid eloquent tribute fair kentucky countryside libeled principal city free hand inhabitants shew demonstrations civilization times sundays market days give loose dispositions exhibit traits exclusively belong unnatural savages churches finished glass struck boys insides torn rogues prostitutes frequent night ashe gave town friendly tribute wounded prostitutes churchhouses struck town protectors inexcusable libel weeks mails failed arrive east local editors raise copy attacking captain lexington leading town frontier situated main crossroads sorts visitors appeared main street tavern town trustees granted permit thomas ardon shew lyon later elephant driven overland shown town editor reporter urged generation curiosity arrival merino sheep spain neighboring bluegrass farms offered promise local livestock industry samuel trotter able contract builder construct elegant high columned mansion exchange animals blooded animals shipped abroad lexington thoroughbred horses brought england shorthorn cattle gathered scotch irish welsh english pastures
woods streams abounded game fish settlers drove buffalo raising cabins animals disappearance michaux john james audubon constantine rafinesque alexander wilson left notes documented boastful accounts hunters speculators audubon traveled widely kentucky delineations american writings rich accouunts social audubon recount activities noted scientists pioneers daniel boone appeared convincing human terms audubon notes autobiography audubon naturalist merchant miller century henderson recognized indolent miller storekeeper lived briefly community artist sophisticated east philadelphian alexander wilson look nose natural brethren mountains open feud audubon visit kentucky ostensibly study birds recorded journal dealt foibles backwoods society provoked argument endured editor wanted mad read anew philadelphian descriptions kentucky whimsical describing lexington deepest cut claim saw squirrels slashed quarters offered sale market house ensuing angry outbursts offered retract libel land plenty raising ante half squirrels naturalists wrote vivid descriptions flights passenger pigeons gregarious birds flocked roosting grounds hundreds thousands tree limbs cracked weight guano accumulated mounds roosts flocks flew feed mornings left hundreds birds crushed death nightly scramble roosting purchase
ohio society stolid plain republicanism quiet demeanor industrious habit kentucky republicanism expressed vigorously news story editorial authors published pieces involved controversies threats physical retaliation kentuckians majesty observer greater faults greater merits neighbors moral features distinctive frank hospitable rough overbearing inclined bragging strange affinity gambling horse racing caused partly murray believed close association river scotsman startled carrying dirk knives saw dressed citizens picking teeth murderous blades conversation kentuckians constantly opening closing knives whetting boots questioned chivalry especially witnessed rough tumble fighting eyes gouged ears bitten worse spectators stood encouraged antagonists disfigure louisville bustling city falls canal halted river traffic steamboat gangplanks gaunt southerners fleeing miasmatic vapors fever ridden swamps fingered gamblers rowdy boatmen countrymen merchants politicans polyglot throng roamed streets race course predecessor churchill downs boisterous crowd whooped shouted bets kicked general commotion conduct provoked murray write swearing lower orders west especially horsetraders gamblers shock ears accustomed language billingsgate london gin shop full blasphemy queen victoria subject found louisville lively place neighbors miserably lighted paved present taste open farming country louisville lexington
negro leaders influenced discrimination areas kentucky doubt look doubt suspicion era ushered court decisions civil rights legislation erasing hurts injuries think local personal levels past erased eye institutions higher learning generous amount suspicion hard accept fact barriers lowered responsibilities making everyday acceptable fact kentucky enormous challenge overcoming evils past discriminations order accept full challenge freedoms kentucky liza uncle tom jerry delph lewis robards belong dead past spiritually kentuckians proud pride exceeds prejudices majority deep satisfaction fact courage set bold southern neighbors kentucky liberal civil rights law huge stone plucked wall resistance south doubt challenge border neighbors scarcely ignore mother virginia notice negro white alike kentucky social change breath taking speed revolution deep implications occurred educational crusade longer biracial complexity confronts greater problem attaining adequate qualitative standards enable kentuckians survive economically fact profound racial implication certainly face powerful pieces civil rights legislation negro leadership sensitive things highly superficial
politicians traders scurried alleviating aggravating crises individual kentuckians found emotional panic hot young bloods bubbling sense chivalry born deep clear analysis fundamental issues divided north south prepared join confederacy loud expressing opinions future actions decided purely emotional basis army rising confederacy tug robin hood romance bluegrass kentucky especially call action medieval appeal hot blooded young lexington harrodsburg danville bluegrass towns quick decisions side south pennyroyal purchase nearer southern scene decisions faster furiously southern course events western tennessee delta south inflamed feelings imaginations corner kentucky faced difficulties prospects war sides imminent danger invasion modernize flaccid disorganized peacetime guard simon bolivar buckner native son graduate west point extensive military experience entrusted task revitalizing militia governor magoffin general buckner began series mysterious communications united states war department sought federal arms equip guard buckner hand clearly revealed vague letter governor magoffin informed secretary war simon cameron buckner accredited agent understands explain position kentucky assumed regard national difficulties policy thought proper pursue pair mind secretary cameron wary cooperate immediately buckner washington visit evident militiamen lost kentucky
january governor thomas bramlette elected august issued proclamation proposed hold confederate sympathizers responsible damages arising guerilla raids cases loyal citizens kidnaped active rebel sympathizers arrested held hostages general stephen burbridge halfway stealing profits sale hogs issued stringent order proposed arrest rebel sympathizers radius miles places guerrilla crimes committed rebel property seized loyal unionists murdered guerilla prisoners shot public october general burbridge ordered union officers receive guerrilla prisoners war shot immediately traitors orders rebels assessed levies restore losses suffered loyal neighbors hands guerrillas native sons notorious bandit leaders sue munday jerome clark franklin simpson county took civil affairs hands captured webster breckinridge county quick order simpering coward tried converted episcopal faith hanged louisville arm berry fortunate offensive raids escaped harsh fate guerrillas champ ferguson guerrilla possibly confederate spy harass communities tennessee border fresh sacking lawrence kansas wholesale murders william quantrill quantrill western bad carried private war border society things hot trailed missouri kentucky early east mississippi began blaze trail terror robbery central kentucky
lexington junior league horse show scores tiny country fair show rings past twenty brought horse closer kentuckians trots races average clearly mounted standard bred horse tennessee walking horse thoroughbred owner modest show horse incurring expenses maintaining high strung racers breeding racing horses part kentucky history livestock production dropping foal appearance race track full conditioning training maybe ownership fact colt owner actually important involved successes failures track training responsibility trainers exercise boys jockeys days colonel ambrose buford brother scott list trainers seen chargers gain glory stake races daniel swigert richard ten broeck major foxhall dangerfield albert cooper william lakeland john madden thompson ben jones scores brought promising colts top racing form devised racing strategies won finally sees horse success race jockey past century half jockeys gained fame kentucky race tracks statesmen frankfort isaac murphy negro lad astride winners brought home derby winners buchanan riley kingman earle sande don meade eddie arcaro mcatee kurtsinger winkfield topped trade keeping weight winnings american occupations exceed jockeying race horses peculiar mores hazards moments sparkling glory winning big stake race
cool spring water appeal pioneers suaged thirsts watered animals cooled milk butter vivid memory stirred countrymen turned town dwellers recalling cool drink spring water nearby limestone pocket distillers natural explanation excellence product water early moment kentucky claimed monopoly limestone seasoned bourbon tales gaugers sensitive taste buds readily identify side kentucky river whiskey telling grain grown truth modern distilling lies fact raw limestone water plays small part scientifically controlled distillation bourbon neutral distilled water say distillery chemists find difficult impossible maintain standards flavor quality american industries drawn heavily primitive nostalgic past inspiration advertising ballyhoo whiskey advertisers fond creating allusions primitiveness manufacturing procedures sounds romantic present image hollow modern manufacturing plant bourbon drinkers enjoy illusion imbibing nectar farm spring bubbling beneath ancient ragged ledge limestone think liquor mashed slowly fashioned archaic tubs run worm tiny farm small batches aged forever dusty charred keg tucked corner smokehouse consumers huge industrial chemical plants modern whiskey distilled rows towering bonded warehouses united states internal revenue service stands vigilant guard aging bottling processes advertisements continue create folksy unhurried illusion
fact turn century truly significant american statesman service sprung bluegrass army political hacks flowery orators showered moldy encomiums fair womanhood inexhaustible beauties mother kentucky proclaimed glories past assemble auditors windy scions rested empty heads figuratively bosom fair kentucky gestures monstrous insincerity bitterly factional personal motives served special interests railroad companies tobacco trusts distillers jockey club schoolbook insurance companies rising coal mining corporations kentucky political leaders claim truthfully free independent political decisions office leaders fundamental confidence find acceptable answers public problems foolish son scriptures left unproductive talents kentuckians defensive beat breasts boasted rugged individualism demonstrated latest revision constitution legislative acts poured general assembly fattening volumes administration public private affairs failed demonstrate confidence heritage courage adventurousness age mckinley held fast grip promise major business industrial expansion hope reform unhappy affairs frankfort certainly change political conditions awaited passage tobacco trusts helped hold farmers thralldom paying starvation prices raw leaf prices tobacco low buying practices discriminatory
falls ohio imaginative group young women writers created host characters household names america women ushered slight literary renascence louisville date produced single important writer annie fellows johnston wrote score books colonel stories james lane allen bluegrass region recalled nostalgically gentle society south glorified mellowness earlier kentucky central character epitome feminine gentility attributed bygone age adolescent american girl set model proper behavior annie fellows johnston colonel part household adolescent daughter alice hegan rice greeted turn century story mrs wiggs cabbage patch mature bit fiction wholly insipid piece writing middle class revelation social attitudes louisville document enlightment mrs wiggs scrofulous husband wiggs opp spavined horse rooseveltian proportions sort american gallery slums cabbage patch billy goat hill set sharp contrast highlands places louisville chamber commerce listed glowing descriptions city colonel set pattern manners demeanor mrs george madden martin emmy lou spanned age kentucky juvenile readers writing career ended energetic woman created characters revealed spirit frustration vacuous age kentucky suffered defeats enjoyed victories faith fundamental human goodness mrs martin dean louisville literary circle doubt mastermind inspired books including composite written gentle louisville female caught barbershop midnight
diaries journals letters written close event nearly capture essence diarist characteristic vividly noticeable selection anne morrow lindbergh diaries written college reveals voice eager bubbly young woman lindbergh piece selections journals demonstrate characteristic journal writing vivid concrete details recreate experience episode recounted briefly eskimo dance mrs lindbergh describes share intimate reading poetry sylvia plath friend find alan olmstead collie pup appealing sense cold misery rain falls michael sleeping bag walk lady bird johnson yard appalachian cabin achieving richness detail reproducing authenticity voice main concerns diarist writing diary entries letters intimates journalists writing friendly audience form generally free individual diarists try hand kind writing suits fancy narrative essay intimate poetry haiku autobiographical narrative free diary writing written broader audience needs tighter organization fiction autobiographical narrative unifying action situation limited span action consist single episode selections caged bird sings god dangers piece tells risks run courageous black shopping trip hours racially bigoted small town action span longer writer recounting sequence number related experiences sally account summer canadian woods
terribly sorry written frantically crowded discouraged couldn bear write depths piling frightfully coils tightening finals pushing side permanent hounded feeling things thing don classes house spent classes spent studying stale writing miss kirstein takes hours needs consecutive hours haven consecutive hours night sunday sunday stretch morning late break going classes wish alibi inefficiency appendicitis love brain fever haven excuse healthy contented sane creature molasses think deal able drop mind refreshed silly paraphernalia mental paraphernalia look birch tree mist gym shoes course cards alarm clocks papers due writtens laundry boxes choir practices bills themes exams hounds doggedly think makes discouraged discouraged sounds worse shouldn discouraged college absorbing loomed proportion feel cut
maddy called familiarly madeline real prima donna cat order maddy cat bowed encountered part story call elocution stage part patronized maddy performed act assumed role ardent admirer discharging duty learned deal maddy patroness acknowledge known cats scratched bit purred standards talked liked maddy suppose common maddy isolate maddy lived aggressive talented animals took major attention host maddy contrast antisocial shy wandered forlornly rooms concealed furniture recess fireplace maddy short wanted small place sun refused grant heart simply ginger cat full cats purrs hoarse maddy learned slink obscurely wall hope occasionally receive condescending pat going maddy reckoned poor maddy desperation discovered talent human friends appalled easily talent unguessed chance episode equally uncanny tenacity maddy part maddy learned bow think human small accomplishment let assure
ways writing description painting picture writer approach task skills perception artist ability look object person scene reproduce vivid detail notable difference media painting appeals physical eye written description mind eye painters create illusion tree building single brush stroke writers rely number chosen words depict image wish project convey emotional response media ways painting descriptive writing share need detail specific concrete colorful particulars artist paints tints strokes writer paints words phrases effective descriptive writing demands writer select words carefully sensitive subtle variations meaning words sound painting marred combining jarring colors brushing bold stroke descriptive writing flawed word violates imagery tone writers create descriptive pictures comparison analogy extended comparison especially helpful writer describing reader experience comparing subject familiar help audience comparisons need lengthy accomplish figurative language devices simile metaphor personification lively effective comparisons single word short phrase remember simile metaphor implies comparison personification ascribes human characteristics nonhuman objects simile grand elms gray broomstraws metaphor drove upraised thumb idaho personification lying bed weeping night creating word pictures primary aim descriptive writing
love attar libido air thursday morniing irt subway station street broadway kids hung kind herringbone weave arms legs proves admit love confined sunday york odds faces popping clots seventh avenue local past king size ice cream machine turnstiles start whacking breaking reefs steps past turnstiles backed haunch paunch climb ramp stairs surface funnel flesh wool felt leather rubber steaming alumicron blood squeezing sclerotic arteries hopped spurts coffee effort surfacing subway rush hour landing boy girl eighteen utter sin backbreaking embraces envelops arms chest american teen concave shape head cocked degree angle eyes pressed shut worth incredibly feverish action going mouths round tens scores hundreds faces bodies perspiring stairs arteriosclerotic past showcase full items joy buzzers squirting nickels finger rats scary tarantulas spoons realistic dead flies past fred barbershop landing glossy photographs young kind baroque haircuts street madhouse traffic shops weird lingerie gray hair dyeing displays windows signs free teacup readings pool playing match playboy bunnies downey pounds building brill building nbc
watching rainbow break segments beautifully hued pieces float close reach touch rainbows vanish closer colors fade sight vision dream rainbows don feathers don fly happening rare wildlife experiences duck hunter lay shotgun blind watch hypnotized fall close hour dusk light beginning small woodland lake upstate york light splintering penetrating effect unlike bursting glow log fireplace fire puffs spotlighted trees walled area wood ducks flighting roost lake drake dandies leading dying light catching plumage fire burst color remarkable color beautiful ducks dexterity flight equalled ruffed grouse woodcock duck dodge thread trees wood duck swift silent wings gliding treetops guided radar twisting turning touching twig thick growth trees surrounded lake spectacular acrobatic performance duck hunters hunt big waters wood ducks prefer small isolated bodies water woodland roost night naturalists claim wood ducks noisy making variety calls fly squeal loud hoo wood ducks saw sound busy business landing center small lake darkness blanked
country music today symbolized nashville fitting symbol inclusive country music suggests music land nashville city bustling growing mainstream country music music urbanized land remember idealized affection want put brute realities rural poverty contemporary country music strikes purists slick false hard core fans want recollection forty aural hallmark card nashville symbol modern country music grand ole opry opryland symbols center nashville music longer opry country music principal concert hall site weekly radio broadcasts consist homely dowdy theater removed depression era photographs barely regenerate crackers fresh farm sawing fiddles banging skillets today closer parallel las vegas sequined cowboy suits swooning string sections today country stars aspire vegas success personal regional traditions country music remains loyalist phenomenon audiences characterized strong sense communality judge tour itineraries known country stars country stars tour steadily continuously innumerable obscure places hundreds nights deal leakage home area southeastern united states naturally tempted trace spread country concerts country radio stations southwest isolated pockets rest country migrational patterns white southerners
lots americans hard play hard unquenchable love compulsion control lovers unquenchables provide society leaders business politics science arts overwork compulsion addicts workaholics trouble addiction lead dead end careers poor health early death emotionally dependent start coming unglued purebred workaholic rare warning signals cope confusing workaholics lovers bit confusing winos oenophiles mark twain lover nearly lick wrote twain able gain living writing books magazine matter play enjoyed merely billiards psychiatrist carl jung difference recondite prose james joyce poetry joyce insane daughter diving falling lover diving works hard choice wants stop suffering acute withdrawal pains addicts vacation natives tourists restless lover play addict motives mixed cases seeking admiration approve dr alan mclean ibm psychiatrist points healthiest sources satisfaction lawyers say spouses parents friends citizens churchgoers art lovers stamp collectors golfers
cone lot planning assume lost argument car family decided break automobile journey stop ice cream stand cones things straight start tell cones imaginary circle feet car woman especially child allowed cross line reenter car ice cream cone entirely consumed cleaned emphasize automobiles ice cream cones don mix explain melted ice cream children fluid eternally sticky drop car door handle spreads seat covers trousers hands steering wheel gearshift rearview mirror knobs dashboard spreads lasts forever spreads nice car abandoned stickiness nasty car secret ways scientists don understand joke family eats ice cream cones sticks let mother explain joke tell don mean half say won geting car blessed children eat flavor ice cream kind want children quarantined want wait flavors sad thing observe beautiful young child perfectly happy plain vanilla ice cream cone subverted young schoolmate invited weekend pleasant polite visitor spoiled permissive parents scarred overactive imagination
uncertainty hydrogen bomb big rush masses small personal gift meaningful gift sides dying patient form help inspiration encouragement give similar predicament form care wish share taught end lives reason patients response need dying person leave give gift create illusion immortality acknowledge appreciation sharing thoughts taboo topic tell role teach help follow later creating idea live death idea seminar suggestions fantasies thoughts continue live discussed immortal communication established dying patient attempts separate human relationships order face separation fewest ties unable help outsider shares conflicts
addresses real correspondence course mythical patent clerk albert einstein spared rebuff sought graduate fellowship working theoretical physics spare quickly published papers including special theory relativity awarded doctorate university zurich dr walter reed simply honorable tradition research team colleagues experimental subjects encountering present committees concerned animal welfare regulations informed consent human subjects workers died reed proved point mosquitos eradicated number yellow fever cases dropped heroes past thrived called frontier days scientific research vast open territories scientific unknown lay investigator virtually required plunging ahead wit minor sums equipment supplies today tomorrow peering ahead turn century crowd concerned science surprisingly wearing lab coats crowd mainly composed legislators lawyers economists diplomats budget planners aptitude testers bookkeepers labor union officials technology assessors lots anxious citizens distinguish electron microscope automatic olive pitter presence heart scientific enterprise signifies blossoming theme science potent costly dangerous valuable wholly entrusted mere scientists quarter century research thrive terms expenditures scientists technicians ambitious projects costly facilities tightly reined captive surrounding society atmosphere caution thrift
government simply refused watch women cook meals week reasonable citizen complained government terribly busy government refuse study thing government loves study assembled women kitchen national bureau standards told start cooking cooked cooked cooked government watched television cameras mirrors told cooking cooking habits scrutinized determine energy efficiency typical american cooker results unexciting batch results rarely seen women tended cook stoves front burners biggest burners stove women left oven doors open peeled potatoes government conclusion americans waste lot gas electricity bad cooking habits differs substantially conclusion government wastes lot money energy bad study habits government half efficient wants cooking citizenry nipped study bud look re proposing tie week watching women don re watched re asking spend lot money television cameras mirrors psychologists tabulators report writers similar gewgaws re going learn cook indiscriminately front burner sure study director asked sagacious government replied handed americans don put things burner
radio ads announced accompaniment spooky music shrieks burble green pea soup exorcist wonders judging recent spate books movies dealing demonic possession spawned clones provided replenishing resource publishing film companies phenomenon odd deserve footnote pop culture thesis fact grotesque parodies exorcism performed pentecostal christians moon hare krishna chanters kidnapped confined days food sleep badgered recanting beliefs euphemistically called deprogramming process amounts methodical violent attempt exorcise satan unpopular misunderstood inarticulate notions god researched wrote published concerning subject ran direct participants substantive knowledge deprogramming victims systematized efforts brainwashing college graduate students members free floating communities congregate universities academic colleagues oblivious situation felt evangelical christianity wasn intellectually respectable devotes deserved start ill informed practicing catholic scarcely qualified pentecostal charismatic believer driven curiosity convinced basic decency born christians classes decided closer look problem learned surprised dismayed disagree theology evangelical groups struck deluded neurotic campus parents repeatedly heard justification deprogrammings claimed children misguided distressingly inclined give money incapable making mature decisions maybe demented
kind adversary relationship print journalism electronic journalism exists existed toiled vineyards troubled criticism read innumerable newspaper critics insist broadcast journalism journalism measured standards complementary competitive journalism sight sound truly form journalism mass medium universal medium american public education system effort teach built limitations advantages compared print broadcast news operates linear newspapers lateral space means newspaper magazine reader editor vital sense glance decide read pass tv viewer restless prisoner obliged sit interest interest shown bus accident fourth main impact important outbreak big war viewer unconscious resentments watches television degree including pretend don felix frankfurter highbrow lowbrow fair amount lowbrow highbrow television combination lowbrow middlebrow highbrow offered highbrows admit seek plans trouble expense buy book reserve seat theater study week offerings music drama documentation radio tv program pages newspaper schedule present
images future standing allotted square foot space waiting infinite lines cup desalinated water women found drive realization doctoral degrees executive secretaries concern holocaust revolution depression young couples pause conceiving child rational reason baby parents experience process wonder exhaustion change style firstborn succeeded muting egotism shifting marriage mere romance earnest discipline baby sitters tuition plans saturdays spent zoo child vacuum remains fill nature miracles complications follow apparently nearly percent parents labor rooms york hospital month child beginning fewer families started america nowadays young delaying deciding children altogether young americans decided parents majority plan baby maybe frequent reason baby prior birth company child needs friend needs competitor apple parents eye normal child brother sister reason conception harmless rationalizations climb lives dwelling ungrateful child gift normality decent thing bring order happier normal
chapter american history opened congress assembled december chapter outlined lincoln johnson troubled chapters nation history scene south end war utter poverty crumbling chimneys rose ashes lovely mansions grass grew roads broken bridges lay ruins thirds railroads destroyed devastation cities especialy grim visitor reported columbia south carolina wilderness crumbling walls naked chimneys trees killed flames business section richmond virginia southern manufacturing centers lay ruins scene atlanta georgia devastation city country alike armies fought largely ruins southern economy southern property torn war citizen mississippi wrote april fields lie untilled naked chimneys charred ruins land mark spots happy homes stood inhabitants wander poverty exile chance charity affords shelter food childless age widows helpless orphans beggared hopeless conditions bad bad plight million freed slaves worse slaves free free opportunity learn read write owned land knew wages owners pay wages confederate money worthless united states currency scarcely found south
political behavior important complicated aspect modern society united states political behavior american voters stems habit tradition americans cross party lines cast vote vote candidates party party supported political behavior american leaders complex complex fact human nature seek political office genuine desire contribution american motivated competitive spirit satisfaction winning run win prestige power enrich lives americans enrich lives officeholders character structure democratic republican parties reflected characteristics american political behavior political parties turn explains deal political leadership election contests problems functions political parties related political corruption shocked americans led demand reform republican democratic parties shared common features party counted votes thousands fathers grandfathers preferred party voted habit terms votes cast national eletions parties fairly evenly matched meant spite deal public indifference politics competition parties sharp eagerness win race close led party criticize slogans calling slogans names appealed american sense humor unfair emotionally charged
farm families single single women cattle ranchers prairies plains american pioneers settled land previous generations combined tiny settlement jamestown americans transformed nearly million acres million hectares wilderness farm land mighty achievement pace leisurely compared speed later settlers conquered prairies plains pioneers settled additional million acres million hectares area roughly equal combined areas norway sweden denmark netherlands belgium germany france happening america rapid settlement frontier attraction west free land congress enacted homestead act granted acres hectares individual wished settle farm called homestead farmers land speculators rushed accept offer thousands soldiers sought homes west thousands worn farms east england hope finding fertile land thousands europe areas middle west half pioneers immigrants germans norwegians swedes danes czechs finns russians railroad free land west matter attractive remained unpopulated transcontinental railroads crossed prairies plains railroads branch lines opened western country settlement rail lines wild western country built enormous cost investment extremely risky
despite financial panic depression president roosevelt popularity public peak clear republican nomination term asking roosevelt stood earlier announcement run republican convention chicago roosevelt threw support close friend associate william howard taft ohio won nomination ballot roosevelt played leading role drafting republican platform platform called strengthening interstate commerce act sherman antitrust act conserving nation resources developing improved highway system revising tariff democrats chose william jennings bryan presidential candidate democratic platform condemned republican party party privileges private monopolies called lower tariff antitrust laws federal income tax unusual feature election campaign action american federation labor consistently refused throw support political party choosing support friends organized labor parties abandoned traditional policy bryan entire democratic ticket despite support organized labor democrats lost considerable margin taft receiving electoral votes bryan republicans retained control houses congress william howard taft cincinnati lawyer judge served roosevelt administration philippines war department taft cautious legal training temperament led stress legalistic restrictions presidential power commentator put transfer presidency roosevelt taft changing automobile horse drawn carriage
britain france netherlands spain portugal colonial powers started policies imperialism establishing colonies building empires mid owned controlled large portion huge areas earth remained unclaimed colonial nation half mad rush gain ownership control remaining uncolonized lands earth nations previously interested expansion joined race belgium germany italy japan russia rival colonial powers seized control africa sliced large portions china areas east early nearly underdeveloped regions divided rival colonial empires industrial revolution extent responsible mounting interest colonies factories needed raw materials growing quantities manufacturers factories operating find markets finished products improvements transportation especially steamship enabled businesses buy sell truly worldwide market trade increased profits accumulated business executives bankers began look overseas opportunities invest savings single factor growth industry speeded race secure colonies control underveloped lands surprising britain leading industrial power built largest empire britain france belgium netherlands industrialization countries full swing late surprising countries late achieving national unity industrializing late entering race empire germany italy japan countries
late early leading nations important steps international cooperation millions women europe america convinced major wars occur nearly movement international peace steadily gaining strength early war societies europe america prepared numerous war pamphlets phamphlets emphasized war wasteful failed solve problems intended solve victors paid high price obvious industrial technology rapidly breaking barriers space bringing peoples earth closer railway trains rumbled national boundaries liners freighters sailed oceans telegraph telephone underwater cables enabled parts communicate instantaneously technological developments greatly increased number variety importance activities nations carry businesses bought sold worldwide markets built industries countries humanitarian associations red cross organized international basis professional groups scientists engineers doctors scholars formed international societies pooled knowledge benefit peoples governments individual citizens engaged growing number activities requiring international cooperation international agencies government organized deal problems shared nations transportation communication disease sanitation weights measures postal regulations maritime rules bringing nations cooperative efforts agencies strengthen international understanding governments leading nations making efforts prevent war
trying stimulate agriculture deal trying restore health country banks currency roosevelt took office march nation grip unprecedented financial collapse months crowds panic stricken americans selling stocks rushing banks withdraw money banks failed march nearly stock exchange banks closed states belated effort save financial institutions ordered banks suspend activities notice americans country hiding money mattresses carpets place considered safe banks closed everyday business nation carried pay bills check currency circulation meet everyday needs depressed economy roosevelt acts issue proclamation effective march closing bank country indefinite period congress enacted laws forbidding bank reopen prove soundness ability carry business endangering customers deposits banks country able satisfy financial experts treasury department quickly reopened shortly roosevelt ordered bank holiday congress authorized secretary treasury call gold coins gold certificates circulation provided maximum penalty fine jail found guilty hoarding gold action congress abandoned gold standard past meant paper currency redeemable gold later october roosevelt undertook stabilize price gold authorized reconstruction finance corporation buy sell gold market united states hands control gold dollar
american sympathies overwhelmingly favor allies americans determined stay war president roosevelt voicing widely shared feeling fireside chat radio september remains power prevent blackout peace united states september roosevelt urged special session congress amend neutrality act regret congress passed act regret equally signed act declared roosevelt pointed existing embargo export munitions actually favored germany embargo britain france control seas secure united states arms desperately needed hitler hand need military equipment preparing war week debate members congress demanding outright repeal neutrality laws insisting retaining congress finally agreed compromise proposal law abolished arms embargo allowed country buy weapons munitions united states provided goods transported europe foreign ships law effect november greatly helped allied nations resisting hitler congress debating problem neutrality pan american union met panama consider problems hemispheric defense october delegates panama conference issued declaration warning belligerent war vessels stay safety zone americas roughly miles kilometers wide germany britain france challenged declaration ground nation group nations close part high seas ships
summer tide war beginning turn favor allies president roosevelt prime minister churchill decided strike churchill called soft belly axis opening blow recall fell late october british broke rommel lines el alamein began drive germans libya november force troop transports warships general eisenhower command landed british canadian american troops coasts french morocco algeria greatest combination land sea air forces assembled loss french areas north africa blow germans continued fight skill efforts hopeless allied planes ships cut supply lines italy general montgomery british eighth army drove steadily westward american forces moved eastward outnumbered caught jaws enemy forces tunisia germans italians surrendered early result victory north africa allies captured axis troops important allied nations control mediterranean allied warships operate freely protected planes based airfields north african coast allies ship supplies india suez canal ship supplies iran newly won north african bases allies subjected sicily italy merciless bombing early july british canadian american troops landed sicily scilians offered resistance crack german troops greatly outnumbered invaders swiftly overran island americans allied peoples thrilled rapid conquest sicily goods news radio summer
growth redistribution america population radically altered older ways countryside city alike end war ii revolution full swing reaching developments rapid growth population population united states nearly tripled million turn century million nation anniversary basic reason upward surge population united states remarkable advances medical science antibiotics drugs methods improved instruments diagnosis treatment physicians able reduce death rate especially children prolong war ii rate growth soared average level births woman birth rate slowing december census bureau reported dropped births woman called population growth women child bearing age census bureau estimated end century america population reach million equally reaching development postwar america growing mobility americans increasingly able willing move place place earlier times simpler large numbers americans lived lives areas born americans moving place residence population shifts affected states sections country ways west south fastest growing sections nation
technological revolution transformed continues transform aspect modern profound change technology application scientific advances techniques business industry highly organized scientific research development postwar major advances science europe america individual scientists working colleagues laboratories universities private industry war ii scientific research development increasingly carefully organized team effort federal government played important role eminent twentieth century scholars alfred north whitehead observed human beings began organize research invented art inventing invention concluded humanity greatest achievements dramatic demonstration scientists engineers accomplish large scale cooperation occurred war ii wednesday december freezing temperatures chicago pedestrians hurried business eager cold fortunately peace mind chicago unaware going laboratory stands stagg athletic field university chicago laboratory weeks earlier squash court group scientists led enrico fermi italian refugee conduct fateful experiment undertaken scientists months feverish research start atomic reaction attempt learn started controlled stopped hand reaction proved uncontrollable fearful explosion produced human beings destroy large part chicago wipe untold thousands lives pressure national emergency justified risk german scientists trying develop atomic bomb
george holyoake social reformer england visit united states interested visiting studying cooperatives formed american farmers holyoake curious american politics admired republican equality republican freedom america wrote minds keyless watches wind going interest politics attended republican party convention saratoga york description meeting think holyoake description convention procedures think reasons americans willing listen speeches holyoake admire convention object convention called republican leaders choose candidate governor york officers wish convention held town hall bad inside space reserve speakers england center stage small ugly desk president hit hollow top pitiful wooden hammer setting weak echoes thought grandest public hall public meeting heard deal england american political organization physical arrangements meetings showed proceedings names candidates chief office read popular alonzo cornell son founder cornell university cornell received nomination governor york heard thousand times
dwight eisenhower elected president united states eisenhower popular hero war ii won election huge majority votes terms office eisenhower retained popularity american unlike presidents popularity risen fallen events eisenhower able maintain support eventful administration eisenhower achieved unique place recent american presidents appeared politics political battles moderating influence difficult americans feared communist menace government nation fighting cold war communism according author americans respond favorably eisenhower eisenhower accomplishments office think popular president office today eisenhower leaving white house remarkable record office turbulence home eisenhower universally regarded non politician enormously popular dare argue observation chance american gladly return office final gallup poll known survey public opinion left office showed public confidence percent higher average levels managed presidents office averaged percent months drop percent level additionally study released gallup january showed percent public believed historians agree president americans asked considered greatest single achievement reply simple peace
john steinbeck famous american writer took month tour united states traveling maine northern part country western states driving texas louisiana southern states drove thousands miles homemade camper steinbeck companion travels dog poodle named charley steinbeck liked travel young trip notes adventures impressions americans met meetings took place middle west evening american family lived mobile home liked move travel selection tells conversation family restless americans represent woman steinbeck talked regard roots living place think americans agree think steinbeck ideas restless americans loners driving high hill single mobile home command view rest trees river lake loners rented tiny piece land owner need land unit passage loner digs cesspool plants small garden transport water gallon liter oil drums dinners shared mobile home cooked immaculate kitchen walled plastic tile stainless steel sinks ovens stoves wall ate dining alcove paneled mahogany veneer comfortable dinner
idea exploring space captured imagination beginning history soviet scientists unmanned space satellite sputnik orbit arouund earth later soviet astronaut yuri gagarin person orbit earth achievement matched early american astronaut john glenn united states soviet union launched successful space flights space projects greatly increased scientific knowledge opened vast frontier exploration significant american space effort project apollo manned flight moon successful apollo flights moon surface july apollo ii launched cape canaveral astronauts aboard neil armstrong edwin aldrin michael collins july armstrong aldrin flying detachable lunar module lem landed surface moon selection account written neil armstrong discussing flight apollo ii historic landing moon goal assigned flight january impossible lot unknowns unproved ideas unproved equipment lunar module detachable moon spacecraft flown things lunar surface remained seen ground communicate simultaneously vehicles honestly suspected unlikely apollo ii lunar landing flight learn chances problems flights apollo magnificently successful began chance landing point preparations relentless
columbus turned european behold honor belonged brave seamen scandinavia norsemen norsemen took stride america ninth century occuppied iceland north atlantic century fearless seamen farmer eric red migrated norway iceland ran difficulty authorities received banishment island wife small children handful boarded tiny single mastered vessel compass sailed westward atlantic purpose explore islands west iceland kinsman discovered blown course storm eric found islands vast territory greenland explored east coast territory eventually found suitable place settlement spot green grass carpeted landscape greenland period banishment ended eric returned iceland recruited colonists established european settlement western hemisphere colony soon thousand survived hundred later eric led colonists greenland young norseman named bjarne companions sailed iceland destination greenland bjarne purpose spend winter parents recently sailed eric expedition tiny vessel lost storm eventually bjarne sighted land noting mountains timber decided greenland declined ashore reached cape cod hoisting sail caught southwesterly winds moved northward saw land possibly newfoundland eventually reached greenland
colonists readily saw american wilderness offered unmatched opportunity prosperity especially exploit rich soil advantage opportunity clear fields build roads bridges erect barns houses enterprising colonists needed toil sweat problem manpower short supply colonial america colonists sought meet problem pooling local manpower perform tasks raising barns launching ships put women children unskilled trades household crafts encouraged immigration europe favored early marriages children scarcity labor pay commanded premium wages skilled workers forced hard bargains employers colonial legislatures seventeenth century fixed ceilings wages thirst manpower employers paid wages legal limit eventually wage codes fell disuse labor shortage produced labor management relations colonial entrepreneur depended steady labor supply sought hired hands happy wages favorable working conditions seldom wage labor market period hired found lure cheap fertile land irresistible ultimately abandoning shops land employers staking farms frontier benjamin franklin expressed continues labourer plantation continues journeyman trade goes settlers sets face endless labor shortage colonists english america turned increasingly bonded labor kinds bonded workers slaves indentured servants categories indentured servants voluntary involuntary
federalists political rivals republicans arranged passage naturalization alien sedition acts immigrants citizens joined republican party naturalization act extended waiting period citizenship fourteen alien acts gave president power expel undesirable foreigners sedition act prohibited false scandalous malicious writings government congress president adams exercised authority alien acts dozen republicans mainly newspaper editors tried ten convicted violating sedition act republican disapproval acts led kentucky virginia resolutions drafted jefferson madison resolutions announced national government exceeded authority specifically granted constitution acts unauthoritative void force decide federal government constitutional limits states jefferson madison consequences nullification idea carried conclusion justify disobeying federal act liking main purpose construction platform party faithful rally election resolutions forgotten election sixty advocates rights capitalize arguments civil war end idea nullification jefferson strategy worked republican ticket jefferson aaron burr helped disenchantment war federalists president won narrow victory electoral college adams charles pinckney election republican elector scratched burr republican candidates jefferson burr number electoral votes
weakened withdrawal thousand troops duty bragg army nonetheless entrenched lookout mountain south west chattanooga missionary ridge east grant turned problem dislodging bragg decided frontal attack question series clever maneuvers led generals sherman thomas hooker dislodged confederates positions lookout mountain missionary ridge exhilarated victories chattanooga federal congress restored rank lieutenant general vacant george washington march lincoln confirmed grant making halleck chief staff president appointed grant commander armies united states grant left washington faithful subordinate shiloh vicksburg campaigns sherman took western department commander immediately fixed gaze atlanta railroad junction center confederacy small munitions industry drive atlanta sherman muster troops obstacles formidable separating chattanooga atlanta hundred miles mountain ridge guard passes rebel commander joseph johnston replaced bragg soldiers supply army sherman dependent fragile single track railroad reaching nashville sherman moved chattanooga week employing tactics speed mobility sherman inevitably turned johnstons flanks forced rebels withdraw mountain ridges crossed towns fell sherman relentless drive mid july federal army crossed chattahoochee approaching city atlanta unimpressed johnston skill masterful retreat jefferson davis changed commanders defend atlanta turned john hood armed texan renowned dash courage
radicals feared tactics intimidation achieve purpose thousands negroes polls permit newly reconstructed governments southern states slip confederate hands happened sure legislatures pass measures carefully designed blacks ballot box february congress adopted fifteenth amendment constitution forbidding states deny abridge citizens exercise franchise account race color previous condition servitude thirteen months legislatures fourths states registered approval march amendment effect radical governments tennessee arkansas north carolina passed ku klux laws providing stiff punishments individuals convicted participation terrorist activities measures achieved radicals south turned federal government support outcome measures passed congress clamp klan klan organizations labeled enforcement act enforce reconstruction statutes legislation called fine imprisonment person convicted obstructing qualified persons effort vote authorized federal marshals enforce law klan ability frighten witnesses testifying court measure proved ineffectual february congress passed enforcement act strengthen legislation previous spring law authorized federal courts appoint special supervisors oversee elections interference activities federal offense punishable fine imprisonment reports terrorism south special message congress president grant urged extreme measures april protest northern members saw legislation attack civil liberties congress responded called ku klux act temporary statute expire
rockefeller andrew carnegie humble origins born dunfermline scotland son handloom weaver found toil hours food family table spite early poverty carnegie considered youthful rich rewarding parents william margaret carnegie loved books instilled sons abiding interest pursuits mind machine cold impersonal arrived dunfermline methodically demonstrated turn cloth higher quality greater quantities cost local handloom weavers family income dwindled face relentless competition machine carnegies began read increasing interest letters mrs carnegie sisters america recent immigrants young andrew aunts opportunities awaited honest industrious elder carnegie home announced family sold household belongings borrowed money friends spring departed america york carnegies transferred river steamer hudson albany moved erie canal lake erie overland small scottish community allegheny pennsylvania pittsburgh america resolve problems carnegies allegheny ramshackle town muddy streets periodically felt ravages fire flood cholera william carnegie singing manipulated treadles loom soon turning cloth market wares poor boy andrew thirteen bobbin boy cotton mill week snow piled deep town youth arrived mill clock morning worked steadily evening
united states acquired vast territory alaska russians claimants alaska early part eighteenth century handful americans explored area knew gold alaska evidence present large quantities american acquisition territory prospectors lured rumors alaskan indians gold nuggets trinkets alaska began search streams rivers yellow metal sourdoughs called kind pancakes fermented dough success beginning joseph juneau prospector rich strike vicinity gastineau channel alaska salt water inlets result rush area eventually appearance town appropriately known juneau present capital alaska secure orderly administration area alaska miners appealed leaders washington legislation congress proclaimed alaska federal district extended federal regulations staking claims authorized president dispatch federal officials administer district chagrin prospectors wanted district run facilitate mining enterprises early administrators washington devoted considerable attention aborigines area eskimos wanton slaughter whales walrus principal sources food clothing shelter eskimos closing decades nineteenth century facing extinction federal officials sought remedy problems eskimos district governor saw partial solution problems reindeer support government washington taught eskimos raise herds domesticated reindeer reindeer helped eskimos survive
later united states minor crisis chile trouble originated awkward attempt united states prevent arms shipment chilean revolutionaries revolutionaries won control government slow forget american stance civil strife october commander cruiser baltimore anchored valparaiso harbor granted shore leave hundred seamen bar chilean allegedly spat face baltimore setting brawl americans died news affair brought outrage united states cabinet meeting secretary blaine defended chileans president benjamin harrison solemnly reminded secretary insult uniforms united states sailors harrison warlike message congress dispatched curiser yorktown replace baltimore wave patriotism swept country americans share sentiments york sun teach snapped impunity yorktown making chile command robley evans soon known america fighting bob evans arrived valparaiso chilean torpedo boats close passes yorktown undaunted fighting bob later recalled gave orders scratched paint yorktown blow boat water fortunately american gunboat unscratched tempers subsided chilean government apology attack baltimore seamen predicament chile tempest teapot affair nonetheless showed american spirit international relations low boiling point american patriots confronted foreign insult real imagined
commander peary spent decades exploring artic regions consumed dream stand top north pole unsuccessful attempt reach pole raised funds outfitted steamship roosevelt early july cheered thousands wishes roosevelt sailed york accompanying peary previous trips matthew henson negro assistant planted american flag north pole peary set northerly course labrador moved baffin bay cape york northwestern coast greenland steered roosevelt ice strewn channels west greenland early september reached cape sheridan northern tip ellesmere island built base camp igloos dug winter brutal winter commander studied charts lectured supervised preparation equipment february whips cracked dogs yelped caravan moved polar ice crews twenty miles single stalled hours waiting ice continue april peary miles pole accompany final dash commander chose henson eskimos forty dogs april arrived north pole planted stars stripes took possession pole president united states yellow fever claimed thousands american soldiers cuba spanish american war number periodic outbreaks yellow fever united states presumably originating cuba
era normalcy harding coolidge born farm morrow county ohio warren gamaliel harding twenty ninth president united states estimate historians worst chief executive country history children born george phoebe harding elder harding found prosperity contentment sought farmer son born short course medicine country doctor young warren attended ohio central college iberia ohio played alto horn edited college yearbook graduation took position country school teacher harding love newspaper lad learned printing trade short quit teaching reporter newspaper marion ohio presidential campaign harding spoke favor james blaine republican candidate employer democrat fired harding determined energetic young nineteen persuaded friends join purchasing bankrupt newspaper marion star soon sole owner paper turning profitable enterprise age twenty married mrs harding energetic ambitious domineering harding eventual rise national prominence unswerving republican harding beginning dabble politics campaign public office ran county auditor lost defeat proved setback harding influential councils republican party ohio learning political trade won election senate
november deal won rousing endorsement pools losing strength congress usual fate american majority party midterm elections democrats picked ten seats house representatives incredibly ten senate republicans deal spending relief programs issue electoral campaign outcome balloting vote confidence administration relief activities consequence spring congress appropriated billion relief purposes dispose chunk appropriation roosevelt created works progress division named hopkins head agency hopkins promptly renamed works progress administration wpa authority recommend carry small projects designed assure maximum employment localities moving quickly boldly hopkins soon initiated incredible array wpa projects methods projects generated deal criticism chicago daily tribune declared hopkins bull headed high place deal won ability waste money quicker absurd undertakins mischievous wit washington think wpa undertook quarter million projects county city town united states projects ranged highway construction extermination rats playing greatest symphonies projects consumed sums money taxpayers put funds expended wpa helped country move depression wpa provided income necessities enormous numbers agency employed million counting dependents employees wpa earnings directly benefited twenty thirty million americans
united states published called clark memorandum drawn undersecretary reuben clark document repudiate theodore roosevelt corollary monroe doctrine united states intervene affairs latin america republics circumstances united states brought greater satisfaction latin americans clark memorandum grated latin americans assumption united states policeman western hemisphere special intervene affairs sister republics clark memorandum vague statement policy administration president hoover necessarily permanent franklin roosevelt support clark memorandum montevideo conference meeting representatives governments hemisphere capital uruguay latin americans received answer tones loud clear secretary hull chief united states delegate conference spoke favor pact declaring american intervene internal external affairs longer doubt united states repudiated roosevelt corollary united states soon matched hull words deeds disorders cuba arising economic difficulties arbitrary rule dictator gerardo machado annoyed united states franklin roosevelt held peace landed troops cuba united states cancelled platt amendment united states forced cuba spanish american war amendment compromised cuban sovereignty opened door american intervention united states withdrew marines haiti signed treaty panama moderating terms hay treaty
president kennedy signed order prohibiting discrimination housing owned insured federal government early asked congress enact legislation strengthening existing voting rights laws helping schools desegregate april racial crisis crisis occurred blacks led martin luther king jr began march streets stage sit ins protest discrimination inn shops restaurants employment birmingham alabama predictably protesters collided mobs militant white citizens negro days weeks blacks white allies taunted obscenities assaulted rocks bottles hauled jail hundreds authorities turned high pressure fire hoses protest marchers police commissioner unleashed snarling german shepherd police dogs photographer snapped picture dogs teeth bared lunging black woman picture flashed entire finally authorities birmingham protest leaders agreed truce largely result efforts white house uneasy calm settled alabama city weeks later national attention centered alabama governor george wallace prevented black alabamans entering university alabama president kennedy federalized alabama national guard clear allow nonsense alabama wallace stayed campus tuscaloosa negroes attempt register registration proceeded incident evening president kennedy television address related events tuscaloosa declared rights diminished rights threatened eloquent appeal elimination class citizenship america triumph area equal rights mixed tragedy later night medgar evers highly respected director naacp mississippi shot death front house jackson mississippi
expected republicans nominated nixon president july convention miami nixon urging nominated governor spiro agnew maryland vice president democrats met chicago weeks later outcome political disaster eve democratic convention young assembled chicago hoped persuade delegates repudiate war vietnam nominate mccarthy president upshot series violent clashes young demonstrators police convention hall millions americans watched drama television mixture horror disbelief inside convention hall democrats holding tumultuous political gathering memory debate raged supporters senator mccarthy vice president hubert humphrey shouting gavel pounding reached peak antiwar delegates supported mccarth demanded platform pledging dramatic reduction america involvement vietnam delegates supporters humphrey wanted cut america involvement extent south vietnamese defense howls anguish pro mccarthy delegates humphrey delegates prevailed mccarthy supporters defeated platform struggle nomination humphrey assured humphrey named senator edmund muskie maine vice presidential running mate appeared battle chicago destroyed democratic unity chance democratic presidential victory mean nixon win majority electoral votes candidate president governor george wallace alabama organized political party champion racial segregation spokesman called law order wallace knew win election carrying south hoped prevent nixon humphrey winning majority electoral votes
dispite victory nixon felt frustrated weeks election contrary kissinger claim peace hand president decided put pressure north vietnamese ordering steep escalation bombing called christmas bombing ravaged north vietnam cities hanoi pictures devastation shocking bombing achieved nixon purpose january nixon declared attained goal peace honor peace humiliate united states nixon announced cease fire agreement signed paris ending war nixon knew war cease fire give temporary appearance peace provide cover withdrawal remaining americans brought release american prisoners war late january nixon popular approval rating soared sixty percent president nixon approval rating rose trouble brewing biggest problem continuing controversy break democratic headquarters watergate juune eventually watergate case worst political scandal united states history americans celebrating cease fire vietnam charged watergate burglary undergoing trial federal district court washington pleaded guilty convicted learned employed directly indirectly republican campaign committee reelect nixon trial judge john sirica announced satisfied facts watergate urged congressional inquiry senate responded creating special member committee investigate political spying presidential campaign committee soon nicknamed ervin committee colorful outspoken chairman sam ervin jr democratic senator north carolina
need kind perspective urgent urgent painful catalogue twentieth century problems cited introduction problems force conclude schools consciously remake training centers subversion sense problem purposes focus distinguished goes communications revolution media change father john culkin fordham university likes say lot things happened century plug walls perspective electronic plug imagine home homes buildings neighborhood cordoned removed electric electronic inventions appeared media substracted reverse order recent going thing leave house television set stand attending funeral friend wondering going tonight rearranging furniture longer aimed blank space room suggest going movies won lp records tapes radio telephone telegraph thinking absence media affect entertainment information remember point electric lights removed refrigerator heating system air conditioner short totally person order survive chances slim modify patterns living believing fast save
problem makes subversive role schools appropriately called change revolution order illustrate means media metaphor clock face imagine clock face minutes let clock stand access writing systems clock represent minute clock scale significant media minutes ago printing press western culture minutes ago telegraph photograph locomotive arrived minutes ago telephone rotary press motion pictures automobile airplane radio minute ago talking picture television appeared ten seconds computer communications satellites laser beam potent medium communication appeared fraction ago place area clock face roughly measurements medicine significant minute ago fact minute ago jerome frank history medicine history placebo effect minute ago antibiotics arrived ten seconds ago open heart surgery fact past ten seconds medicine represented rest clock call knowledge explosion happening field knowledge susceptible scientific inquiry standard reply comment change educators change easy exaggerate meaning
think easier persuade audience classroom environment organized carries burden learn oddly educational discourse especially educated laden preconceptions practically impossible introduce idea fit traditional categories consider primary case point notion classroom lesson largely components content method content trivial important thought substance lesson students supposed learn covered content syllabus proves exists independently prior student indifferent media transmitted method hand merely manner content presented method imaginative dull means conveying content content induce excitement boredom carries message asked college boards say worthy comment knowledge schools education teacher training institutions united states organized idea content method separate manner important message communicated teachers training separation real urgent maintained schools secondary message content method separate equal knows real courses content courses kind james bryant conant fond heritage greece rome calculus elizabethan drama civil war
help learner desciplined active engaged perceives problem problem learned worth learning plays active role determining process solution plain unvarnished truth sounds warmed progressive education true truth susceptible easy parody children study today gee teacher tell want study change important truths parody anyway teacher injuring learning process suggest sorts things study children necessarily source articulating relevant areas inquiry regardless source inquiry perceived relevant learner significant learning place learn want forced act teacher regret talks learning rodriquez torres maldonado didn sterile ridiculous attempt release inquiry powers students initiating studies hold interest seen performance inquiry method discover characteristics pendulums forms verbs kind intellectual minuet form substance students behave oddly expecting happen generalizations turn bear relationship care
complaining incredible fact exotic interests put center english teachers afraid feelings perceptions questions children simply children reason rest lives care noun defined transformational rules forming passive voice allomorphs plural morpheme english teachers think english effects virtually indistinguishable english true subjects close futile talk curriculum talking possibility getting kind teacher subject english science social studies wholly accurate blame pursuit irrelevance entirely teachers talking educational innovation produce kind person valued schools today teachers stake possibility mind political religious leaders bureaucrats bureaucratic minded businessmen advertisers including large spiritual material investments kind mentality schools produce consider hole dug moon machine expensive hole history human race mean noblest achievements game played small group lunatics amusement expense
pencil list questions page left blank concerned defacing book course questions going ways earning living ancient egypt case paper questions answer questions undoubtedly realize submit sample list misgivings ecology inquiry environment requires students play central necessarily exclusive role framing questions deem important sensitive teacher project perspective students dare assume perception reality necessarily shared limitation mind justify list submit grounds questions literally asked children adolescents permitted respond freely challenge worth knowing questions based careful listening students asking questions children declarative statements things mean elicit informative response cases learned adults pretend admit don aphorism describing process goes children enter school question marks leave periods cases ask kinds questions event simple translation declarative utterances produce variety deeply felt questions
interesting feature story appeared front page york times fact editors believed obvious learning occurrence newsworthy evidence tragically inept metaphors mind children suppose driven stupidity teachers believed stupid story says dr rosenthal declined ethical reasons establish groups dumb children school country organized children groups labeled dumb teachers exactly words metaphor meaning makers help abandon notions fixed intelligence turn weaken reasons grouping children labeling research cited times teacher tells parent child capable learning ashamed difficult blame teachers metaphors mind adopted basis procedures explain dr rosenthal discovered believe things happen bucket bigger simply saying foundation sturdier garden luxuriant worth spending moment comment happened dr rosenthal studies begin events occurred illustrated reference rats appeared behave intelligently according perceptions experimenters told rats specially bred intelligence rats actually behave intelligently assume rats behaving intelligently stupidly
favorite examples extent unaware role language plays assessment reality occurred british government instituted calendar reform measure required september dated september result imagined deprived eleven days lives confusion analogous told wonder hot common language habits producing perceptions process known projection projection term semanticists korzybski hayakawa means transfer feelings evaluations objects say john stupid scientific meaning perceive john behavior disappointed distressed frustrated disgusted sentence express perceptions evaluation events john stupid say john stupid talking talking john fact reflected statement involvement perceiver removed grammatical peculiarity grammar forced objectify feelings project skins stupidity grammatical category exist nature imagine language put point view language reality called sapir whorf hypothesis reference edward sapir student benjamin lee whorf anthropologists special interest operations language
central awareness meaning words meaning meanings words assigned ascribed alluded concept calling projection important recognize give assign ascribe meanings experience obviously word referent experience meaningless talk words mean mean obscures clarifies relationship language reality concept closely related awareness words ostensibly refer put word thing concept obvious worth stating bear mind whitehead observation analyzing obvious produced dramatic intellectual accomplishments apparently primitive traits respond symbols invents invented symbolize words assume speak important reality intended codify especially interesting found conventional responses dirty words say post office acts official censor published materials post office officials rarely object description sexual activities provided author set verbal symbols author chosen dirty words describe events find court possibly prison event distresses post office words kinds semantic awareness comprise basis called consciousness process abstraction
paragraphs article require special attention noted sure teachers walked meeting noted subject changed turned shouting match subject communication facilitate students teachers think safe assume teachers left couldn longer useless education remember order perception change frustrated actions change purpose remember force change perception lifetime create conditions permit teachers modify perceptions especially true teacher response student plea love shouted job love pupils job teach wonders think teach teachers referred article perceptions apparently removed required education referring group lunch conceded knew students problems unable help teachers satisfied basic conditions perception change recognition frustration resulting assumptions hope hard tell asks teachers students problems help students problems accept unalterable structure school imagine students problems resolved structure event clear major source teachers education institutions training prospective teachers
program affect aspect existing structure teacher training want limit describing course taught think serve model revolution teacher training trying show egg crate put begin education method simply describe ten course general methods course bane education students held greatest contempt school custodian president students planning teach high school specialized usual subject matter areas classes consist students majored english mathematics science history foreign languages physical education art music home economics speech feel common find difficult impossible think prospective students formidable concern subject things means thought asking point hell taught subject question tend respond stereotypic utterances effect keeping thinking question significance responses stated differently merely amount required thing graduation regents diploma college entrance answer implicitly assumes bureaucratically imposed reason adequate justification seldom responses relate school conventional parameters
point trying prospective teachers taught act knowledge teachers act knowledge methods course describing attempt tell students think attempts students think need environment based known learning important say students experience demand eventually reveal sources knowledge influenced demands authentic attempts avoid learning provide students bibliography respectable length real professors hand real courses list consists largely works authors mentioned book surprise include soon book cautious efficacy books al smith remarked young lady lost virtue reading book say equal truth teacher going bibliography woman loses virtue shouldn student teacher brings point college teacher taught courses manner suggested need methods course course course methods learning methods teaching literature course course processes learning read history course course processes learning history
interested helping students deal future mention present naturally concerned preoccupied media communication recommend course books marshall mcluhan especially understanding media think productive respond mcluhan challenge suggested examine statements examine media words don dwell question mcluhan saying focus question ways media affecting society answers turn mcluhan important process searching answers learned valuable students lives suggest media study integral part classes matter subject teaching media relevant history teacher properly consider questions effects media political social developments science teacher entire realm technology open students including consideration extent technology influences direction evolutionary process english teacher role media creating literatures audiences literature modes perceiving literature entirely province short regardless subject age students suggest include study media normal part curriculum bear mind students likely perceptive knowledgeable structure meaning newer media teachers haven noticed young enormously interested poetry poetry lp records sung joan baez phil ochs bob dylan young ae equally interested essays social political criticism heard records lenny bruce bill cosby godfrey cambridge mort sahl al
immediately society theologically related legal concept abortion undergoing selective forgetting unlearning form repeal laws concepts painfully unlearn group resulted resulting scientific method galileo scientific method suggested western unlearn concept center universe institutions devoted conservation transmission concept responded enthusiasm galileo choice shutting subversive concept shut scientific figure wouldn able say dead respect contemporaries begin statements phrase dead concept dead curious hold ostensibly concerned survival similar lines cite illustration point charles darwin employing method science observations naked eye galileo unholy instrument consisting tube lenses led suggest concept origin depicted genesis require unlearning institutions committed conservation transmission concept delighted response darwin quantitatively scopes trial notwithstanding galileo number cracks concept monopoly develped galileo darwin printing press darwin find support scientists galileo hazards leave
list exhaustive alas representative difference future students internalize concepts kind result move called nonintellectual level attitudes concepts criticism education concepts conserves transmits paul goodman john gardner makes point students endure passive acquiescent dogmatic intolerant authoritarian inflexible conservative personalities desperately need resist change effort illusion certainty intact difficult imagine kind education liable help students able meet drastically changing future fosters development concepts attitudes noted concepts learn raison etre education shape technological change derive characteristics spirit mood language process science operative evidence social change including theological versions found recognize accept domains odd obscure indicating date fugitive status intellectual strategies nuclear space age survival dimensions human activity include concepts relativity probability contingency uncertainty function structure process multiple causality noncausality nonsymmetrical relationships degrees difference incongruity simultaneously difference concepts implicit contingent comprise ingredients changing ways complement environmental demands face learning concepts produce kinds need deal effectively future full drastic change
sat write find couldn think single thing say wrote line scratched crumpled paper threw started cycle thoughts wouldn situation occurs writers occurs frequently waiting idea developed belief want say begin write ideas ideas fully developed subjects pop writer head especially minutes hours tends lot sitting staring despair thoughts actually knowing write sit perfectly natural reaction situation feeling uncomfortable normal uncertainty beneficial knowing say actually beneficial exclaim watch clock ticking wall yes sit write thing pops mind cliches worn information stuff knows won care saying readers won involved interested beginning write say finding ways think personal fresh interesting subject experience think find think subject discover thing differently write wrote fact turns getting thoughts paper produce clarity insight wouldn
days ago sunday april precise nessa start writing memoirs soon eighty forgotten difficulties place enormous number things remember number ways memoirs written memoir reader ways begin analyse merits faults mornings stopping choose sure knowledge find matter begin memory red purple flowers black ground mother dress sitting train omnibus lap saw flowers wearing close purple red blue think black anemones suppose going st ives light evening coming london convenient artistically suppose going st ives lead memory memory fact important memories base stands bowl fills fills fills bowl doubt stands memory lying half asleep half awake bed nursery st ives hearing waves breaking sending splash water beach breaking yellow blind
creating stage writing private completely lost totally unaware spending saturday reading mystery building bench making skirt suddenly looking finding night snowing completely unaware project creating stage project matters clearing mind learning think thing ideas write giving pleasure explore thoughts images associations attitudes ideas find want say set find think subject finished creating stage creating stage order ideas share move stage writing process determined demands reader determined move private public writing writing peeked sly person diary knows private writing public reading private writing reader visitor viewer looking reader enjoyment pleasure reading writer private jottings product writing written writer later writing worthwhile private writing reveals fascinating aspects period history writer lived incidental happy fringe benefit writing private writing considered interesting public read reader adjustments difficulty comes understanding writer meant
sure exactly writers decide form writing finally writer decide essay thesis thought form organically means purpose writer writing thesis point writing determine form essay form subconscious automatic activity experienced writers look examples form comes organically writer purpose thesis purpose tell readers save money changing oil cars thesis car owners save money learning change oil purpose thesis essay determine extent form essay likely start talking monetary give comparison figures costs oil changed service station costs essay reader step step process changing oil structure short introduction giving reason reading step step directions common pattern writer likely won lot conscious choices say makes sense describe steps changing oil order occur order steps process determine order paper essay flow naturally line subject purpose thesis chance instance paper begin telling origin oil cars change oil early
vocal advocates uneasy alliance small beautiful zealots profit minded captains industry technology uncertain prohibitively expensive solar energy popular appeal important political supporter cartel controls sun jimmy carter declared sun energy run pollute air poison waters free stench smog sun power needs collected stored shaky start solar energy industry growing soon novelty stage national energy act tax credits financial assistance users solar energy dozen states offer incentives companies ranging tiny mom pop outfits industry giants westinghouse exxon developing technology products estimates sales solar energy devices grow million billion according optimistic forecasts billion turn century solar power future depends large scale government support week white house received page domestic policy review solar energy compiled officials agencies states strong case maximum practical effort federal local governments behalf solar power suggestions establishment solar bank help homeowners finance solar equipment substantial tax rebates industries convert solar energy circumstances report predicts solar energy supply cent america energy needs solar industry growing pains zoning tax laws want invest solar equipment legal pitfalls abound solar user force neighbor cut tree blocks sun
purpose essay point readers information wanted share reminding significant means smart thing end writing don want insult reader simply saying words reader likely think stupid writer think want assist reader summing main points pulling tight statement group statements helping reader exactly paper want bring reader attention gist paper tell remember readers short memory spans fact research shows readers remember linguistic form piece writing seconds ending space help readers reconstruct need sentences explained fully reader body essay need point pull say reader benefit bring writing close sound advice writer supposed hard reader mind message written reader told think end essay reason spin thesis essay sharp extra point thesis didn paper saying reader continue think writing reading
job opportunities today united states employers constantly looking workers fill job vacancies employees quit retire transfer promoted workers abilities skills constantly hired job vacancies occur filled help book fill vacancies yes job opportunities need find job fit personally number jobs purpose book help locate job fits proven ways finding type job want learn chapter book study suggestions presented learn ways finding getting job want interests education training experience prepare advantage job opportunities addition abilities need develop job finding methods skills studying job finding information look job want important jobs look market employees market qualified employees experience training education qualify greater opportunities want accountant store manager private secretary management trainee jobs thousands training positions prepare occupation choice
choose goal important future employment opportunities series short range goals serve steps range goal chosen addition important goal suited interests skills abilities personality established range goal accountant business executive store manager step sure goal matched interests abilities choice career study determine characteristics job profession include able meet arrange displays write advertisements figures supervise workers part career planning talk working chosen profession learn occupation want enter climb ultimate goal broken individual parts part step range goal result part experience part training education help reach ultimate goal decide goal want reach job working ten fifteen write things interest information help important decision write books read hobbies interest sports enjoy decide indoor outdoor consider type company enjoy
apply willing devote job willing learn entry level position interested job boss wants willing persistently task completed importantly convey quality willingness employer remembered considered applicant patrick applied position strong interest needed qualifications knew applicants interview decided wanted job believed qualified applicants felt interview employer strong impression willing notified candidates considered discussed feelings school counselor counselor suggested report company morning dressed suggested patrick tell employer qualified willing pay prove capable performing job patrick agreed give show ability job willingness strong desire positive attitude applicants coupled equal experience education patrick job sure show positive attitude demand specific goal shown story theodore roosevelt
asked personal interview firm slightly interested potential employee interview chance increase firm interest hire affect future interview important moment worthwhile careful painstaking preparation try find firm shown interest learn products services provided firm find firm business learn firm expanded varied operations knowledge enable talk intelligently interviewers help answer commonly asked question want firm addition situation applicants equally qualified job knowledge company increase chances selected position information employers found ways find needed facts local library find write telephone company literature history organization firm talk employees association company find lived area able answer questions important thing obtain knowledge facts show interest potential employer business
overstressed important business firm employee important promptly scheduled allowed break working hours belong company extending break quitting clock prepared clock employees willing meet hours demanded find cheated company michele hired typist receptionist office employee employer frequently office business relied manage office handle incoming telephone calls times michele left hours soon began telephone personal calls boss office began accumulate business calls letters answered effectively promptly boss soon discovered michele paid socialize friends relatives trusted left office michele outwitting boss found job individuals feel gaining taking excess employer beginning end workday breaks find gained times behavior shows paychecks wonder worked steadily larger raise avoid actions employees extra breaks quit early loaf job
supervisors workers producing company operating loss forced business supervisor alert poor workers workers generally let business declines efficient employees hired poor workers job asked references poor employment history follows worker employees loafers severe handicap getting kind job say randall took personal deliveries felt underpaid randall subtracting salary wasting company makes fewer deliveries stops hamburger visits girl friend company receiving money service offers result randall boss feels afford pay randall higher wage consider promotion likely randall laid business declines randall endangered present future chance obtaining job randall worked harder giving service paid likely pay increased profits firm increased job wish sign classes doubtless want familiar job needs
income tax rates applicable individuals progressive nature lowest segment taxable income subject lowest rate additional segment subjected higher rate preceding tax rates range lowest rate highest rate lowest rate individual taxable income goes pay income taxes failure informed tax matters costly knowledge income tax laws regulations prove conduct personal finances business situation students attain positions expected prepare business income tax returns employers addition federal income taxes city income taxes claiming increasing amount taxpayer income textbook present data city income taxes interesting note individuals locales pay top segment income federal city tax authorities information provided textbook significant average taxpayer foundation preparation income tax return background information planning income tax consequences events occur controlled extent taxpayer events fire casualty income tax consequences anticipated general measurements reporting rules income tax law require events reported period occur income tax treatment governed facts situation
taxpayer provide half total support dependent calendar total support includes expenditures items food clothing lodging education medical dental care entertainment transportation necessities lodging dependent furnished amount included support fair rental fair rental amount taxpayer reasonably expect receive stranger lodging provided dependent fair rental place cost items taxes interest depreciation insurance heat utilities relate room proportionate share house depending extent dependent determining factor support payment half total expense incurred total expenditures support college student student qualified dependent support rule parent paid support status source money provide support immaterial tax exempt income social security benefits veterans receipts schooling welfare receipts taxable income interest bank savings considered determining total support joint return filed support provided spouse capital items automobile furniture qualify support actually purchased dependent dependent benefit items household furniture items purchased person dependent considered items support
change filing status employee respect number withholding allowances claimed certificate filed employer case decrease number withholding allowances employee required furnish employer certificate days number withholding allowances actually claimed form decreased employee spouse obtain divorce legal separation withholding certificate filed days increase number withholding allowances employee entitled certificate filed claiming additional allowances optional employee certificates filed result change status employee employer put effect immediately wait status determination date january july october certificates put effect status determination date filed days date certificate furnished december effect wage paid january certificate furnished december april effect wage paid death spouse dependent change number allowances claimed withholding allowance certificate filed december change put effect january reasonably expected end filing status qualifying widow er dependent child claimed
information returns prepared triplicate forms supplied internal revenue service commercially printed forms punch cards meet government specifications copy forewarded internal revenue service centers copy payee payer record copy forms submitted february calendar payment copy forms furnished payee january calendar payment means assisting preparation income tax return final payment dividends interest calendar paid quarter customary practice furnish copy forms div int recipient final payment considerable flexibility afforded payers furnishing payment information recipients copies return forms filed internal revenue service purpose internal revenue service encourages filing information returns magnetic tape diskette disk pack procedures developed easier penalty failure file information return statement taxpayer excused reasonable return filed maximum fine included information statements relating payments rents information source required persons engaged trade business statements regarding catch share fishing boat crews duplicates forms
internal revenue service requires taxpayers file returns directly regional service centers addresses returns mailed listed top page tax returns filed mail general mailed return filed date postmark dropped mailbox establishes specific filing tax returns proof filing desired return mailed registered mail dated receipt retained taxpayer records envelope tax return mailed bears postmark private postmark private postage meter postmark determine mailing date establish exception privately metered mail taxpayer prove actual mailing timely delay fault post office delay taxpayers determine unable file return deadline date request extension file individual taxpayers request automatic month extension filing final income tax return making application form application automatic extension file individual income tax return preparing form taxpayer estimate tentative tax due final income tax return pay amount form taxpayer subject penalty underestimating tax due amount finally paid final income tax return filed amount estimated paid form
economic recovery tax act authorized lifetime exclusion joint return interest received qualified tax exempt savings certificate called saver certificate qualified certificate certificate issued september january qualified savings institution bank credit union savings loan company certificate denominations interest yield equal average investment yield recent auction united states treasury bills week maturity exclusion applies interest received qualified certificates maximum reached interest excluded amount qualifying interest received minus amount excluded prior maximum limitation joint return regardless spouse received income interest savers certificate subject recapture certificate prematurely redeemed penalty redeeming certificate maturity date taxpayer exclusion interest received certificate interest excluded prior included current income taxpayer reinvests savers certificate exclusion certificate issuer certificate levy substantial penalties certificate redeemed maturity savers certificate collateral security loan certificate treated redeemed early rules apply dividends referred nontaxable distributions taxable
evolution system record keeping called double entry strongly influenced venetian merchants known description system published italy author franciscan monk luca pacioli mathematician taught universities perugia naples pisa florence evidence position pacioli occupied intellectuals close friendship leonardo da collaborated mathematics book pacioli text da illustrations goethe german poet novelist scientist universal genius wrote double entry follows beautiful inventions human spirit businessman economic undertakings double entry recording aspects transaction manner establish equilibrium individual borrows bank amount loan recorded cash obligation repay amounts balanced amount basic principles developed early chapters book evident double entry recording business transactions systematic manner set integrated financial statements reporting monetary terms amount profit net income single venture period properties assets owned enterprise ownership rights equities properties resources number pooled finance single venture voyage merchant ship double entry system provided records reports income venture equity participants
theory debit credit application revenue expense accounts based relationship accounts capital net income net loss period reported income statement net increase net decrease capital resulting operations revenue increases capital increases capital recorded credits increases revenues accounting period recorded credits expenses effect decreasing capital decreases capital recorded debits increases expense accounts recorded debits debits expense accounts signify decreases capital referred increases expense usual practice consider debits expense accounts positive sense increases expense negative sense decreases capital rules debit credit applied revenue expense accounts shown diagram page end accounting period revenue expense account balances reported income statement periodically end accounting revenue expense account balances transferred summarizing account accounts closed balance summarizing account net income net loss period transferred capital account retained earnings account corporation summarizing account closed periodic closing accounts called temporary capital nominal accounts balances accounts reported balance sheet carried forward permanence referred real accounts
reduce number transactions physical space requirements illustrative case cole photographic studio entire accounting cycle completed single month practice business enterprises close temporary capital accounts end fiscal end month prepare financial statements frequent intervals monthly quarterly semiannually statements issued periods covering fiscal called interim statements analyzing recording transactions phases accounting cycle performed continuous basis fiscal regardless accounts closed customary prepare trial balance phase end month monthly financial statements phase prepared adjustment data assembled phase sheet completed phase end month amounts asset liability accounts appearing balance sheet section sheet balances interim period amounts revenue expenses appearing income statement section total amounts accumulated beginning fiscal illustrate assume fiscal hypothetical enterprise calendar sheet prepared end february data income statement month period january february data balance sheet february sheet end march data income statement month period january march data balance sheet march
revenue received period partly earned end period items revenue received advance represent liability termed unearned revenue portion liability discharged period delivery commodities services earned remainder earned future magazine publishers ordinarily receive advance payment subscriptions extending periods ranging months number end accounting period portion receipts applicable future periods earned balance sheet liability examples earned revenue rent received advance property owned interest deducted advance notes receivable premiums received advance insurance company tuition received advance school annual retainer fee received advance attorney amounts received advance advertising firm advertising services rendered future accepting advance payment commodity service business commits furnish commodity service future end accounting period portion commodity service furnished part revenue earned earned portion appears income statement unearned portion represents liability business furnish commodity service future period reported balance sheet liability case prepaid expenses systems accounting explained illustrated revenue received advance credited liability account
method cost flow strictly applied perpetual inventory system unit cost prices assigned ending inventory necessarily earliest unit costs period situation occur period number units commodity sold exceeds number previously purchased period happen excess quantity sold priced cost beginning inventory excess number units sold restored later period additional purchases effect situation depart underlying purpose lifo costing system deduct current costs current sales revenues illustrate foregoing situation assume beginning inventory includes units commodity priced unit units sold reducing inventory units unit subsequently end fiscal inventory restored original number purchase units unit ending inventory commodity composed units unit units unit total periodic system inventory determination employed inventory units unit method avoiding pricing problems nature maintain perpetual inventory accounts period terms quantities inserting cost data end period variation procedure record costs perpetual inventory accounts usual manner order provide data needed interim statements
widely accepted view textbook purchases discounts reported deduction purchases cost merchandise invoice price subject terms recorded initially payment discount period discount reduces cost invoice paid discount period cost merchandise remains treatment purchases discounts attacked grounds date payment affect cost commodity additional payment required discount period adds commodities purchased view reports discounts income terms cost merchandise considered regardless payment payment discount period revenue considered realized objection procedure lies recognition revenue act purchasing paying commodity theoretically enterprise sales merchandise accounting period report revenue amount cash discounts major disadvantage recording purchases invoice price recognizing purchases discounts payment method measure cost failing discounts efficiently managed enterprises maintain sufficient cash pay discount period invoices subject discount view failure discount inefficiency measure cost inefficiency purchases invoices recorded net amount assuming discounts
property essential conduct business activities place business provided building owned rented equipment adapted activities business owned leased goods sold purchased stock prior sale services rendered equipment supplies rendering services business property found business operations require property provide sale commodities services funds purchase additional property business expands funds constitute important element total property business business conducted total property increases business successful contrast operations result decrease property business considered unsuccessful automobile manufacturing business grew shop lot detroit residence huge corporation employing hundreds thousands country nations successful business operations accompanying increase property ten cent business grew small store small town pennsylvania wide enterprise departmentalized stores large city instance expansion business property businesses large investments property present began ago small enterprises property property business carrying business activities purpose increasing amount property
proprietor business hopes operate increase proprietorship accounting records provide information aid accomplishing purpose amount profit loss incurred period important single fact period balance sheet shows proprietor amount proprietorship date balance sheet comparing amount proprietorship shown balance sheets prepared successive dates ascertain proprietorship increasing decreasing amount increase decrease determine increase decrease balance sheet earl miller illustrated page shows proprietorship months june balance sheet showed proprietorship profit months withdrew net increase proprietorship months withdrawn net profit proprietorship decreased amount profit measures increase proprietorship withdrawals additional investments period proprietor needs frequent intervals amount profit loss order plan future operations increase profit eliminate loss mercantile business profit loss results buying selling commodities proprietor needs report showing amount sales cost procuring selling goods difference profit loss statement information known income statement
debit resulting transaction equal credit resulting transaction follows correct record accounts total debits accounts equal total credits accounts test equality debits credits intervals end month test known trial balance trial balance serves summarize information shown detail ledger summary prepared end fiscal period information needed prepare balance sheet income statement trial balance listing total debits total credits account adding totals accounts comparing sum debit totals sum credit totals preferable method difference total debits total credits account obtain debit credit balance account list debit credit balances accounts trial balance sum debit balances equals sum credit balances evident debits credits ledger equal trial balance ledger martin prepared according method illustrated page trial balance give complete proof bookkeeper shows debits credits equal
purpose purchases journal record purchases obligations due creditors purchases record purchases known names purchases journal purchases book purchases register purchases record invoice record regardless reality journal transactions recorded effect accounts shown purchases journal considered record purchases merchandise present purchases merchandise account recorded purchases journal form purchases journal depends considerable degree size nature business amount information owner desires concerning purchases information desired concerning purchases obtained form shown page columns main apparent column headed pur numbers itemized lists merchandise purchased known purchases invoices goods purchased purchaser receives seller written invoice showing things kind amount price goods purchased invoice information recorded purchases journal obtained invoices numbered consecutively entries recorded purchases journal filed future reference number entered pur column serves identify entry purchase invoice pertains case future comparison desired comparison creditor objected amount paid terms paid
order information conveyed accounting statements complete desirable show amounts single item estimated present machine original cost machine total claims customers estimated amount collectible accounts gross amounts fixed assets receivables preserved statements amounts subtracted recorded separate accounts present fixed asset determined accounts debit balance representing original cost fixed asset credit balance representing estimated decrease due asset illustrated accounts account balances trial balance sheet balance sheet account measures decrease applied account called valuation account names account offset account contra account amount receivables estimated collectible shown difference balances accounts balance debit representing total claims customers credit representing estimated amount uncollectible instances effective amount shown accounting statement results balances accounts account smaller balance valuation account
income received period earned period earned period items income known deferred credits income publishing company receives payments subscriptions publications advance period extending end current fiscal period portion payments applicable subsequent fiscal periods represents deferred credit income bank discounts note customer deduct interest period extending end current fiscal period portion interest applicable subsequent fiscal period represents records bank deferred credit income examples deferred credits income rent received advance business property owned storage charges received advance insurance company tuition received advance school annual retainer fee received advance attorney amounts received advertising firm advertising service rendered future cases unearned portion income received close fiscal period deferred credit income subsequent period periods earned accepting payment commodity service advance business renders liable furnish commodity service future end fiscal period portion commodity service furnished part liability discharged part income earned earned income appears income statement part income period
complex society today accept challenge risk bring human resources materials capital single gallon milk marketed single automobile produced job rests businessperson owner lumber mill process types lumber efficiently amounts varieties needed trucker move goods quickly places needed needed person runs retail store variety goods price consumer willing pay examples limitless business activities daily lives purpose book explain business combines human material technological financial resources profit profit achieved anticipating satisfying needs wants society business enterprise system results combination major elements business key social institution nature scope american capitalistic economy figure shows relationship major elements discussed chapter begin understand factors help shape enterprise system dynamic social economic force business major institution society values consequences accepted important basic part lives business social institution comprised human groups working goals agree goals society figure page shows institution business formed industries business firms
paid true price progress clearly pay basis america paid part growth mortgaging physical environment industry government public regarded air water free goods kind national public sewage system discharge industrial wastes costs labor materials routinely included pricing products pollution water air recognized production cost society left social costs pollution harmful consequences productive processes fall market regular pricing mechanisms industrial operators held accountable market pricing mechanisms undo decades damage misallocation social costs identified important economic problem market alternative important part play future response business physical environment involves making industrial firms customers pay share social costs pollution created production needed product economists call internalization social costs point discussion patterns society resulting expectations responsible business behavior arranged basic models clear include values traditional economic social expectations business managers behave trustees profit trustees power conflict general categories values expectations underlies nation problems today unfortunately business manager finds nature gap clear general models suggest
classified according purpose organized corporation forms profit corporation privately owned operated profits issues stock certificates represent shares ownership stock corporation nonprofit corporation misnomer receipts exceed disbursements distribution owners excess income nonprofit corporation purposes organized nonprofit organization issue stock called nonstock corporation general governmental corporations schools churches hospitals nonstock corporations according place incorporation business domestic corporation incorporated business considered foreign corporation organized country business united states known united states alien corporation classified according availability stock purchase business close corporation stock purchase outsiders family businesses incorporated operating sole proprietorships partnerships typically close corporations stock purchase sufficient funds open corporation large corporations open corporations recent close corporations public needed funds expansion previously mentioned rise term public corporation accurately called open corporation subchapter corporation fewer stockholders elects taxed sole proprietorships partnerships order avoid corporate income taxes
imperial group united kingdom experienced marketing disaster poor consumer acceptance company discontinued widely heralded cigarette remaining inventory million cigarettes destroyed cigarette composed wood pulp publicized safe product tar nicotine problems tobacco imperial unfortunate experience unusual successful companies occasionally market unsuccessful products ford edsel rca computers gaf consumer lines cameras films product physical combination steel aluminum plastic components bundle satisfactions utilities consumer consumer considers refrigerator efficient means food cold views refrigerator attractive addition kitchen decor consumer buys refrigerator purchases intangible psychic values tangible product goods broad categories industrial goods consumer goods industrial goods sold primarily producing goods rendering services consumer goods ultimate consumers households form commercial processing individual consumers industrial consumers goods tires typewriters fall categories industrial goods generally classified according business basis major categories industrial goods category unprocessed processed materials entering directly production process raw materials semimanufactured goods parts grouping mro items composed maintenance repair operating supplies support production process
basic types advertising product advertising institutional advertising product advertising designed sell definite identified products highlights qualities satisfaction giving features prices institutional advertising created purpose getting message public general category product advertising subtypes primary advertising intended stimulate interest desire class goods frequently type product market established product seeking expand market figure page illustration primary advertising designed expand demand diamonds selective advertising supposed direct consumers purchase brand ford fiesta brooks brothers suit figure page selective advertising attempts increase demand diamond settings jeweler mass advertising advertising appeals cross section class advertising hand directed special groups industrial purchasing agents college students figure showing aida illustrates class advertising directed prospective purchasers commercial helicopters form product advertising costs advertising shared manufacturers middlemen cooperative advertising cooperative advertising agreements provide manufacturer control op funds spent instances manufacturer prepares complete ad retailer simply adds store inserts ad local media
depression states passed called fair trade laws laws manufacturers branded goods execute contracts retailers minimum price goods mid inflation move congress passed legislation ended fair trade pricing robinson patman act passed congress small businesses pressing legislators laws price cutting chain stores chain operators dramatically increased share total retail sales percent individuals felt need curtail unjustified cost practices conducted large chain organizations fact robinson patman act initially referred anp act famous cases act involved anp food chain major provision act makes unlawful seller practice forms price discrimination discrimination illegal buyers goods grade quality effect lessen competition create monopoly economists advanced theories pricing theories explain price commodity set movement prices price level equilibrium theory prices based assumptions pure competition page chapter theory assumes forces operate field price supply demand forces bring price quantity demanded buyers equals quantity sellers willing supply theory assumes current price commodity found theoretical equilibrium point events occur force price downward
principles leading design operation car stem days lived caves civilization advanced move heavy objects early discovered job grew easier objects pushed rolling logs big advance unknown genius idea mount wheels axle carrying moving burdens easier learned train oxen horses pull wheeled burdens push heavy carts loads increased horsepower added form additional animals horses provided main source power vehicles centuries horses simply couldn demands transportation increased engines horseless carriage soon engines offered horsepower horses care external combustion engine external combustion means driving power comes burning fuel engine common external combustion engine found steam locomotive fire built special box heated water resulting steam piped engine provide driving force external combustion engines big noisy messy personal transportation tried anyway automobiles designed built steam engines steam driven automobiles early liquid fuel activate boiler steam engines cumbersome practical everyday personal vehicle generated horsepower feasible introduction internal combustion engine internal combustion means simply heat generated inside engine
early horseless carriages simple steering systems relied driver strength turn wheels cars grew larger heavier complicated steering systems developed utilized mechanical leverage assist driver technological advances brought power assisted steering marketplace war ii cars highways brought greater speeds speeds increased improve steering systems provide fast accurate response driver input today steering systems provide kind response requiring minimum effort driver simple steering system shown figure information provided chapter system enables automobile driven safely comfortably suspension system car ride stability car wheels attached frame suspension suspension system wheels travel independently rest car cushioning shock absorbing capability car bounce road suspension system effect makes wheels ride bumps pavement body car maintains smooth shock absorbed ride model automobile generally suspension system designed absorb weight means suspension shock absorbing devices front rear average car typically front end supports engine lot weight handle front end combination devices including coil springs shock absorbers stabilizer bar keeps car rocking side side system type shown figure
chapter deals car engine called power plant engine motor correctly word motor describes power source operated electricity included discusson mechanical parts types engines commonly modern cars excluded fuel electrical systems essential engine operation fuel electrical systems covered chapters types internal combustion engines covered discussion stroke cycle gasoline engine engine mixture gasoline air ignited electrical spark power plant automobiles pickup trucks vans type engine automotive truck bus stationary diesel diesel engine power plant american passenger vehicles course diesel engines standard heavy equipment including trucks buses farm tractors irrigation equipment emergency power generators recent spurred need fuel economy diesel engines fastest growing sources power passenger cars light trucks presentation chapter begins simple explanation happens engine operating discussions routine maintenance apply engine operating problems look troubleshooting tricks minor repairs tips dealing major repairs problems majority cars road today powered gasoline engines operate stroke cycles engines unleaded gasoline fuel gasoline mixed air burned create heat
fuel filter strainer preparing foods strainers impurities lumps fuel filter positioned fuel tank carburetor thing gasoline car american cars fuel filter located fuel pump carburetor foreign cars filter positioned fuel tank pump late model cars filter fuel tank case operating principle fuel filter effect cannister ceramic meshed material material makes impossible particles foreign material dirt pass carburetor considerable damage pressure suction fuel pump gasoline flow filter periodically miles fuel filter blocked debris replaced part routine preventive maintenance simply removing putting replacement position chapter figure illustrates typical filter replacement unit cars fuel filter carburetor intake point serves purpose picking small particles broken loose gotten filter carburetor fuel filters replaceable externally simply carburetor fuel filter sure replaced fuel filter changed function air cleaner unit provide channel deliver clean filtered air carburetor engine
intake manifold metal fixture attaches cylinder head pathway air fuel mixtures carburetor engine cylinders cylinder intake manifold feeds air fuel mixture intake port cylinder head illustation intake manifold shown figure demonstrates manifold machined metal casting fits snugly cylinder head important fit tight assure airtight fit gaskets manifold cylinder head gasket leak engine run erratically condition rough idling results extra air sucked engine produces air fuel mixture cylinders lean burn properly certified mechanic performs major tune car tightness bolts holding intake manifold checked exhaust gases carried engine exhaust manifold channeled metal fitting covers exhaust ports engine manifold gases carried exhaust pipe modern cars exhaust pipe routed catalytic converter part car emission control system path exhaust shown figure catalytic converter packed precious metal platinum palladium substances remove environment polluting carbon monoxide hydrocarbons exhaust chemical action catalytic converter objectionable chemicals water vapor carbon dioxide carbon dioxide normal part atmosphere body puts carbon dioxide product breathing
storage battery charged ways normal operation vehicle charging system generates electricity delivers continuing supply positive terminal electric current electrons deposited positive plates battery freed electrolyte electrons carried negative plates operation charging system discussed charge automotive batteries external units shown figure charger converts ac electric current low voltage dc current current applied positive pole battery activates recharging process note recharging cycle reverse normal electrical flow battery purpose charging move electrons negative plates demand electrical terms battery source power operate car electrical systems battery included circuit series circuits elements circuit include wiring control switch load loads loads include car starter radio horn lights draws electric power automotive electrical circuits frame car ground complete electrical pathways figure schematic diagram showing circuit linking battery elements car electrical system battery maintenance focuses key tasks assure battery ready solid connections exist battery rest electrical systems leaks accidental discharges current
persons employed private accounting business persons perform variety duties small businesses summarizing analyzing interpreting financial information management larger businesses persons private accounting share accounting responsibilities accounting employees person employed public accounting independently member public accounting firm public accountants sell services individuals businesses lawyer services individual accountant accounting firm public accountant required education experience passes required examination certified public accountant cpa cpa certificate signifies professional status public accounting public accounting similar private accounting persons employed public accounting accounting business check verify accounting records businesses employ accountants public accountants asked review accounting procedures suggest ways increase profits individuals businesses employ public accountants prepare income tax reports public accountant asked prepare analyze interpret financial statements business person employed governmental accounting works federal local governmental agencies internal revenue service governmental agency continuous needs accounting series jobs person move career called career ladder step career ladder requires skill carries responsibility step jobs individuals called entry level jobs qualify entry level accounting job specific skills aptitudes abilities required
accounting records show current asset liability capital account united states values stated dollars cents accounting form sort summarize specific item called account terms accountants describe increases decreases values debit credit concept reference application specific accounting concept complete statement explanation concepts refer pages chapter difference total debits total credits account called account balance business transaction change account balances increases account recorded account balance side decreases account recorded side opposite account balance side carol evans operates evans leather goods merchandising business business owned person called sole proprietorship ms evans rents building business located business owns equipment merchandise supplies ms evans expects business money continue operation indefinitely salespersons evans employs persons accounting assistant bookkeeper handles recording activities full charge bookkeeper handles summarizing reporting activities information business transactions obtained original business papers information recorded journals ledgers business records financial reports separate records persons providing business assets based accounting concept ms evans keeps personal financial records separate evans leather goods business paper information obtained journal entry called source document entry supported source document proving transaction occur
account balances changed posting journal entries journal entries bring general ledger accounts date called adjusting entries evans adjusting entries january evans assistant bookkeeper information sheet adjustments columns page source adjusting entries words adjusting entries written line account title column statement identifies group adjusting entries source document explanation written individual adjusting entry evans assistant bookkeeper posts adjusting entries general ledger accounts date balances january end fiscal period temporary capital account balances transferred income summary account procedure summarizes account effect operating business revenue cost expense account balances transferred income summary account balance fiscal period net income net loss journal entries prepare temporary accounts fiscal period called closing entries evans makes closing entries end fiscal month evans closing entries january evans assistant bookkeeper information sheet page source closing entries words closing entries written explanation closing entries general journal line closing entry lines closing entry lines closing entry lines fourth closing entry lines closing entries posted balance sheet accounts balances revenue cost expense accounts balances
salaries included distribution net income loss partners considered employees business federal laws classify partners employed persons reason partners shares net income loss considered expense partnership partners shares net income loss considered distribution partnership earnings partners pay income tax income loss partnership pay federal income tax partnership submit partnership tax return reporting earnings distributed partner income loss partnerships reported partners personal income tax returns partner share partnership net income reported partner share reported withdrawn partnership fiscal states individual income tax laws regulations similar federal government partners employed persons entitled age survivors disability insurance benefits fica laws partners qualify fica benefits paying fica taxes directly federal government fica tax rate latest regulations rates obtained local social security offices federal income tax fica tax personal expenses employed persons payments federal government individuals payments expenses records business delgado lowe report pay taxes partnership makes tax payments records partnership records federal tax regulations employed persons establish retirement fund pay regularly
purchases returns allowances journal posted manner purchases journal accounts payable clerk posts amount written accounts payable debit column daily creditor account named account debited column written post ref column ledger account posting page purchases returns allowances journal check mark post ref column journal completion posting purchases return allowance creditor paid full situation happen invoice paid soon received order advantage purchases discount happens creditor account posting debit balance normal credit balance debit balance reduces amount paid future purchases account balance opposite normal balance called contra balance column account form manual accounting contra balance shown enclosing amount parentheses machine accounting contra balance printed red purchases returns allowances journal totaled proved ruled end month amount column total posted general ledger account named column heading show completion posting account number written parentheses immediately total posting completed purchases returns allowances journal page chart accounts page account numbers departmental purchases returns allowances decimals account number decimal deduction account number decimal
business form payroll information recorded called payroll register payroll register summarizes payroll pay period shows totals amounts earned amounts withheld cash paid employees beach boutique prepares separate payroll register biweekly payroll beach boutique payroll register biweekly pay period ended april page biweekly pay period april entered top payroll register date payment april entered top payroll register end pay period date payment needed prepare payroll records payroll checks payroll clerk fills basic data employee employee employee marital status allowances basic data personnel records employee basic data susan bidwell shown line columns payroll register person supported including employee employee entitled reduction amount income tax figured deduction total earnings person legally supported taxpayer called withholding allowance information card hours worked earnings recorded payroll register line employee payroll register line columns shows information susan bidwell card page payroll register line shows information john commissions record march page departmental supervisors account hourly card line drawn total hours column column payroll register
live kind compared grandparents lived rich compared fifty hundred ago rich opportunities rich things enable live brought partly called industrial revolution partly individual prudence abilities industrial revolution change home production hand labor machine production factories economical larger scale basis result today production home farms mechanized factories equipped efficient machinery live age problem producing virtually conquered problem longer producing definitely distribution consumer problem type requires intelligent individuals focus attention problems getting goods services give satisfaction highest degree prosperity highly skilled technicians taking care production scientific development highly skilled handling affairs obtain goods services civilization education change democracy operate satisfactorily educated individuals millions voting age owners operators united states elected public officers merely trustees managing country behalf
lack firsthand knowledge problem facing consumer goods changed fact change rapidly experts specialists difficulty keeping familiar products products process determining quality difficult grandmother distinguish grades plain woolens cotton goods silks today contend numerous grades weaves woolens combination fabrics entirely cotton goods grandmother knew synthetic yarns woven types fabrics food lines grandmother bought sugar barrel crackers barrel beans hundred pound sack judged coffee taste odor today goods put attractive cans beautiful packages sizes shapes brands grades advertising claims types standard products market processed foods add confusion difficult wise selection recognize fact products today cleaner durable ways satisfactory older products difficulty grade grade aa fancy supreme cloth bright finish dull finish kind syntetic yarn certainly develop means judging merchandise experience producing items
buys goods store account makes contract store pay cost merchandise leave shoes repair shop fixed contract part repairman fix shoes part pay prescribed charges rent house enter contract pay prescribed rent owner obligates himselfto let possession property situations everyday involve contracts buying insurance buying fire insurance shipping merchandise accepting position involve contracts basis contract agreement parties agreements contracts instance persons agree hunting trip decides breaking contract merely breaking agreement promise legal remedy case cases statements agreements intention forming contracts definite contract agreements conform requirements law essential elements contract mutual assent competent parties legal bargain consideration required form essential elements contract detail mutual assent simple terms means making offer part person acceptance offer part essential characteristics offer proposal definite proposal intention offeror bound proposal communicated words actions
critics contend advertising wasteful influences buy allowed choices influence true advertising wasteful hand makes honest analysis situation advertising impossible mass distribution mass distribution impossible manufacturing processes improved high degree accustomed improved manufacturing processes impossible commonly accepted necessities produced low cost instance thousand radio sets costing friends envious receiving radio programs homes equipped radio sets cost cases low set advertising mass production brought change critics cite examples manufacturers able produce sell item razor critics attribute high cost advertising reasons high cost patent protection enables producer price wants lack competition factor early stages introduction product charge higher price carry burden advertising mass production results lower production costs advertising large market created low production resulting high production costs tend price high level normal unrestricted advertising trade competing products market additional advertising wider competition mass production lower price consumer
federal trade commission specific authority maintaining standards wool products explained chapter law wool products sold interstate commerce identify fiber content quality fiber fiber wool included greatest contribution federal trade commission serving consumer trade practice rules outgrowth conferences major industries including hosiery industry silk industry fur industry approximately hundred fifty standards identification standards quality established industry federal trade commission recognizes standards determining unfair trade practices producer distributor interstate commerce violates standards federal trade commission action prevent practice instance let assume manufacturer silk hosiery sells product inferior quality based standards established fact discovered federal trade commission called stipulation request offender sign agreement stop practice stops practice case prosecuted sign agreement stop practice hearings held judged guilty federal trade commission issues cease desist order order effect law order commission bring court action force manufacturer stop unfair trade practice violation order important function national bureau standards develop federal specifications
important regulatory foods roughly classified minerals vitamins course body amount bulk foods water bulk provided types food problem taking water body liquids drinks water body foods instance high percentage fresh fruits vegetables water likewise high percentage meat water important minerals body building maintenance point view calcium iron calcium builds bone teeth helps physical condition iron important part blood constantly provided food iron serves build maintain vigor lack iron tire easily important mineral phosphorus copper considered essential small amounts iodine important minerals considered essential small amounts general regulatory effect body maintaining normal healthful types known vitamins identified science principal vitamins vitamin vitamin thiamine vitamin riboflavin vitamin vitamin ascorbic acid vitamin niacin vitamin especially important normal growth children needed adults eyes skin body linings healthy condition indications lack vitamin night blindness lack resistance colds sore throat pneumonia vitamin important help normal growth children
economics study process spend incomes examines satisfy wants needs economic goods services specifically economics study process involves choice making try satisfaction buy goods services process called economizing place choice making process takes place called economy speak economy united states economy russia economy canada economy specific area able buy goods services choices economize individuals nations economize person nation able goods services wanted say economic scarcity exists economic processes include attempt satisfy wants needs process includes production goods services distribution goods services consumption goods services seek economic process satisfaction human wants needs order produce goods resources needed main resources study economics include land labor capital tools machinery management monetary returns resources rent wages interest profits learn resources called factors production study economics economic material object satisfying wants needs scarce willing pay
society owners property factories farms materials free produce want produce want willing buy produce goods services need resources produce items obtain want words produces items find profitable illustration page individual free choice directs business demand purchases produce individual furnishes labor land money resources business firm produces management goods services needed satisfy consumer demand goods services delivered needed quantities consumers pay furnish income firm individuals paid contributions according competitive values businesses resources produce goods consumers resources lend invest businesses produce goods businesses hire workers pay wages workers consumers buy goods profit motive incentive owner manager business satisfy efficiently wants consumers management aware competition society owners property resources free determine efficiently resources function part management producers property hire labor borrow money buy materials rent buy land buy lease equipment produce efficient manner
efficiency brought ways manufacturing efficiency gained management skill workers modern machines mass production specialization american industry increased efficiency greatly skilled managers workers modern machines increase amount quality goods worker produce effort course machines cost money efficient results worker machine reduce cost principle mass production greater efficiency business operation attained making products large quantity making smaller quantity products business organization employing thousand produce fabricated metal products ranging chrome trim automobiles ironing boards divides productive efforts items business organization produce fabricated metal products limits production metal stepladders household metal kitchen furniture metal ironing boards produces items large quantities business employs thousand businesses stepladders metal kitchen furniture metal ironing boards business firm cost production items likely lower answer course easy business limiting production items producing large quantities considerably lower unit cost firm limiting production employed mass production methods mass production methods lower production costs unit abundance power machines mass production production costs lowered power tools science helped improve manufacturing processes products developing machinery finding raw materials
money recall defined accept exchange goods services forms money common united states coins currency checkbook money money metal called coins convenience paying small amounts treasury responsibility minting coins money issued federal reserve banks coins circulation united states alloys mixtures metals face coin metal gold coins silver coin minted eisenhower dollar congressional committee banking currency defined currency paper folding money past currency issued national banks federal reserve banks treasury today nearly currency circulation consists federal reserve notes issued twelve federal reserve banks silver certificates backed silver held treasury issued denominations longer issued silver certificates circulation banks collectors checks drawn demand deposits money deposited checking accounts commercial banks accepted exchange goods services according definition money committee banking currency checks money demand deposits account money circulating country estimated total number checkbook dollars payments trillion mean average person united states receives issues checks totaling yearly
learned member bank percentage customers deposits deposit federal reserve bank safeguard member bank investing making loans buying government securities customers deposits banks need money hand case large number customers wish withdraw funds experience proved demand deposits checking account money handle business activities customer withdrawals congress set safer margin reserve requirement congress federal reserve board power demand higher reserve requirement member banks demand deposits higher reserve requirement put effect economic conditions demand action let legal reserve requirement operates ease computation assume federal reserve board set reserve requirement member banks demand deposits customer deposited member bank bank deposit federal reserve bank required reserves balance member bank investment purposes loans buy interest bearing government securities federal reserve board felt reduce amount money member banks invest deposits raise reserve requirement member bank received deposit deposit federal reserve bank rate member bank invest loan
buy goods services included gnp amount spent cost expenditure receive payment goods services amount received income let look income receives national income amount annual earnings derived production goods services represents sum incomes received individuals contributions production goods services national income arises productive effort means national income excludes items income weekly allowance earn interest received government bonds pensions national income closely related gnp nnp national income obtained subtracting nnp indirect business taxes sales taxes minor allowances table page shows national income derived net national product national income united states billion total amount earned individuals laborers managers owners plants equipment lenders money owners originate ideas assume risks business individuals concerned personal income national income personal income annual income received persons sources personal income determined subtracting national income corporate profits inventory valuation adjustments contributions social insurance wage accruals disbursements added government transfer payments persons interest paid government consumers dividends business transfer payments
consumer decision maker marketplace decision act process making choice process decision making consumer establishes goal gathers evaluates information compares alternatives considers consequences makes decision results taking action action consumer want reduce amount spend routine math calculations goal electronic calculator talk parents friends gather information addition read consumer reports magazine reports information products product testing evaluate calculators market compare calculators stores step consider consequences decision spend money calculator result faster accurate calculations money spend process complete decide buy buy calculator amount spent process decision making varies amount money involved purchase meaning importance purchase consumer amount spent decision affected previous experiences product need product expected results consequences purchase words consumers decisions simple deciding movie basketball game decisions complex choosing career college decision making complicated begin realize consequences actions society families
values determine want turning wants reality consumer values set goal consult personal system values instance think college education want money needed attend college case belief importance education goal earn college degree decision face pay cost education want ability plans ability examine values viewed sign maturity ability plans mean difference simply living living lived examined planned let happen met drift college parents want stay job hate debt problem examined lives planned asked important questions direction lives living living thoughtfully want want re going thomas jefferson talking living wrote rights liberty pursuit happiness saying citizens democracy expect able stay alive nation laws give consumers freedom choice freedom pursue things want
department store sells wide variety goods price ranges examples department store merchandise clothing furniture major appliances sporting hobby goods home improvement goods auto equipment toys garden workshop tools health beauty aids department stores sears roebuck montgomery ward penney merchandise carries store department stores sell known brand goods department stores offer broad selection services credit plans service facilities liberal return policies department stores independently owned operated member chain owned operated large company implies specialty shop offers limited number goods type product specialty shop sell major appliances televisions specialty stores offer number brands sell brand salespeople highly knowledgeable merchandise effort provide personal service attention prices specialty stores higher department stores handling products discount retailing consumer opportunity save money large volume purchases service prices products lower discount stores stores buy directly producers large quantities called volume buying producers charge retailers products bought large volume operate stripped warehouse building operate showrooms carpeted aisles sparkling showcases discount stores sell known brand goods feature private brand products discount stores offer fewer customer services fewer salespeople
extra storage space pantry space closet freezer save considerably quantity buying quantity buying buying large number sale items order save money nonperishable items suppose buy cans fruit juice sale price regular save percent quantity buying sale items months staples food products buy sale weekly perishables milk bread fresh vegetables fruit price pays buy volume future money saved buying largest size largest size cheapest consider unit price generally percent savings large small sizes containers sure buy spoils buy largest size food product manufacturer coupons store coupons refund coupons offer consumers reduced price product coupons newspapers magazines store circulars packages organization save regularly grocery bills coupons start simple filing system shoe box envelopes arrange coupons alphabetically according major sections supermarket extra savings coupons item sale store
generally buyer car model mind preliminary shopping reading past issues car reports automobile consumer magazines car driver auto mechanics motor trend consumer reports changing times information publications look price information car repair ratings published price information cars comparing information prices dealers help negotiate reasonable price guessing price knocking couple hundred dollars send model options car desire car puter receive computerized printout listing dealers cost manufacturers suggested retail list price suggested purchase price similar information paperback books edmund car prices kelly blue book car price manual price information trade ins area cars government help looking car model contact national highway traffic safety admininstration nhtsa information safety defects manufacturer recalls edmund car prices automotive market report official car guide book provide retail wholesale prices makes models cars sources local libraries banks credit unions extremely important afford going car lot set maximum limit afford realistic amount remember taxes license fees insurance fees operating expenses ask willing pay extra money required finance purchase
requires auto insurance states require drivers prove financial responsibility accident financial responsibility laws require drivers pay insurance personal savings damage persons property persons minimum amounts prescribed law laws require drivers protect financial losses states mandatory insurance drivers post bond put thousands dollars proof financial responsibility failure show financial responsibility accident result suspended driver license auto insurance proof financial responsibility basic types auto insurance coverage section coverage pay personal injuries held responsible accident bodily injury liability coverage protection claims lawsuits brought pedestrians riders car persons cars found liable responsible accident insurance company pay legal defense damages amount stated policy bodily injury liability coverage typically purchased amounts ranging amount purchased expressed figure maximums amount maximum insurance company pay claim person amount maximum insurance company pay claims accident claims injury excess maximum amounts driver fault financially responsible difference
ideal secretary poised charming efficient person busy office answer shoulders responsibility details important executive holds position trust personal representative employer book written secretary assistant employer employer duties secretary duties secretary takes routine performing task free employer burdensome details personal representative contacts represent deal thinking actions reactions ideas habits secretarial caliber capable giving real secretarial service interesting future business professional key person find gratifying person accomplished keen intelligent association real satisfactions secretary fundamental satisfaction secretary person importance feeling accomplishment prepared vocation succeeded concrete satisfaction salary higher rank file office worker higher salary paid superior ability performance young young woman superior qualifications entitled higher salary find wide open field talents abilities secretarial enjoyable phases secretary important activities able voice opinion listened meeting knowing call employer
inexperienced persons realize business plays marbles keeps employee worked realize paid job means shouldering responsibility school days lackadaisical hurt student business performance affects employee important firm businessman irresponsible attitude forcefully illustrated employed bright young girl vacation relief close dictation asked nonchalantly errors allow letter girl comprehend playing marbles keeps qualities competent secretary common sense judgment alertness memory efficiency dependability ability follow directions initiative resourcefulness executive ability translate common sense actual performance means think girl transcribed letter large automobile company wrote appreciated brassiere word brochure common sense meaning word brochure common sense certainly told wrong word selected instance lack common sense office girl locked desk leaving vacation want snoop records desk inaccessible returned judgment matter making decisions basis careful consideration weigh problem angles
occasionally trying employer secure favorable action matter try secretary flattery personal attention gifts theater tickets book flowers candy secretary refuse tactfully return gifts imply favors expected prices offered favor seekers expect service return accept graciously gifts christmas custom season secretaries helpful business persons tangibly thanked christmas remembrance gifts construed prepayment future favors secretary relationship employer confidential makes mistake let degenerate point tattle tale divulging office gossip mistakes employees high points personality clashes demands bothered petty matters employer cases hurt secretary prefers matters desk countless times secretary serve employer seemingly insignificant ways handing pen finding telephone number providing pencil pad telephone items personal service appreciate employer annoyed habit secretary bringing notes facts asked roughly scrawled pencil piece scratch paper temporary secretary taking place typed notes neatly earned word commendation
attention line included envelope written line address lower left hand corner position written capitals offices follow practice writing city capitals attract attention information basis sorting post office personal confidential business letter letterhead lines inside address common identify letter envelope wish writer envelope opened addressee purpose accomplished proper notation envelope practical advantage gained including letterhead personal confidential line envelope lines address lower left hand corner underscored emphasis envelope carry special instructions explanations expedite delivery care line help postman mail clerk locate addressee professions staff engineer installs factory machinery travels assignment mail job reach quickly addressed care specific person company mail clerk difficulty locating temporarily located unknown engineer care line follows addressee words line preferable write care
care safekeeping correspondence records item quickly found needed utmost importance business special concern secretary large office central filing department firm correspondence filed staff trained clerks employer personal confidential correspondence secretary file office secretary working small firm full responsibility filing system planning maintaining improving secretary employed office operates central filing department follow procedures set department releasing materials filed requisitioning materials files returning materials filing department procedures forms vary slightly offices purposes organized filing department makes effort file materials rapidly accurately soon received supply quickly materials requisitioned record materials files individuals departments strip active files periodically materials longer current importance fix responsibility careful completion step filing system instant findability materials filed secretary places incoming letter filing basket box office collected delivered filing department bear notation known release mark ready filing
individual folder folder reserved materials correspondent letter item material front folder recent correspondence referred frequently letters correspondents filed miscellaneous folder letters grouped alphabetically correspondents names filed group date current letter filed front correspondent group letters miscellaneous folders individuals businesses correspondence infrequent soon number letters correspondents reaches minimum ten letters individual folder opened correspondent letters correspondent transferred miscellaneous folder individual folder individual folder opened correspondent written index form frequently capital letters gummed folder label attached tab folder folder labels supplied perforated strips scored marked simple matter fold attach properly typewritten caption position tab folder separate items removed file folder entire folder removed files person receives properly charged record looking materials files charge methods common individual item removed folder substitution card put place folder
wholesalers purchase goods large quantities manufacturers turn sell small quantities retail stores large stores buy goods enormous quantities easily buy directly manufacturers smaller stores find convenient buy goods wholesalers manufacturers known part system distribution retail store retail stores vary size department stores employing hundreds salespeople selling kinds merchandise small stores employing clerks small assortment merchandise sale business serves general public producing goods buying selling goods want buy chief business produce goods want goods needed organizations engaged primarily production buying selling produce goods buy sell organizations help businesses provide goods aid consumers obtaining goods services banks accept money deposit safekeeping loan money businessmen need borrow railroads bus lines airplane companies provide transportation goods telephone telegraph radio broadcasting companies easier communicate parts hotels roominghouses provide lodging theaters provide entertainment skilled workers barbers beauty parlor operators automobile mechanics provide needed services selling service outstanding phase business
money aids exchanging labor goods labor goods owner factory hires pays money sells money goods produced workers money received employer buy things need money aids exchange foods individuals groups called medium exchange goods articles expressed terms money say pencil costs cents notebook thirty cents book dollar case give article terms money money measure called standard early times goods exchanged weights gold silver governments countries began manufacture gold silver coins conveniently money country metal money paper money common coins metal money copper penny nickel cent piece silver dime quarter half dollar dollar paper money issued denominations ten twenty fifty hundred dollars higher denominations governments issue paper money convenient metal money imagine inconvenient carry fifty dollars metal coins person money united states issued federal government
deposit ticket shown page similar left differs respects deposit includes coins amounting banks checks drawn numbers american bankers association established numbers bank identified larger cities united states known reserve centers numbered forty states territories numbered fifty ninety commercial bank reserve center assigned number checks bank carry city number bank number numbers known american bankers association numbers known abbreviation numbers illustration check page numbers checks listed deposit ticket page drawn banks nos banks prefer depositors deposit tickets names banks cities prefer numbers depositor follow plan preferred bank business bank checks show district federal reserve system bank located number shown lower part check illustrated page federal reserve system number depositor confused numbers bank furnishes customer book deposits entered known bankbook passbook
james selected form personal income expense record illustrated page step keeping record entered cash hand line amount written total receipts column date written date column word balance written explanation column writing date james wrote immediately red line word date date columns recorded month month word balance written explanation column show money earned month hand beginning month figures memorandum book james entry entry follows date written date column written entry month repeated page month changed book ruled manner explained later total amount received recorded total receipts column total amount paid total payments column receipts total payments cents total receipts total payments cents savings included total payments savings entirely separate balance hand daily expenses management savings discussed unit vi columns headings correspond items provision budget
families decide afford automobile thinking future expenses operating car decide afford payment house future payments due planning expenses result taxes maintenance purchase result increased future expenses expenses planned carefully cost large savings buying goods special sales goods actually needed person careful provide needs advance conditions change extent desirable desirable later opportunities buying reduced prices funds purchase things needed immediately interfere seriously purchase articles required person buy goods needs attempt buy prices low generally speaking merchants offer lower prices times reasons wish encourage buy earlierthan wish sell merchandise left end season common reason offering low prices found fuel business summer coal oil dealers frequently offer prices considerably lower offered winter buy fuel summer months demand coal oil small
conducts assists conducting business referred businessman consumer business products services person businessman consumer discussion term businessman refer person carrying business activities term consumer refer person carrying personal affairs terms businessman consumer refer person according reference person business activities consumer activities businessman borrows order increase profits retail merchant believe profit keeps larger amount goods sale manufacturer believe increase profits buying additional machinery farmer believe increase profits buying cattle feed grain raised retailer manufacturer farmer money purchases borrow needed money hopes increased income receives additional purchases able pay loan profit consumer borrows order pay things wishes wish pay house automobile furniture services doctor number things consumer makes purchases expect increase income fact purchases increase expenses borrows order buy automobile expenses increased cost operating maintaining car
central figure story told chapter john jones average american young desire business story relates problems confront jones plans establishes expands business types problems concern business employee buyer business products services citizen wishes conduct relationships business intelligent manner number lines business jones circumstances choice field difficult happens jones inventive mechanical turn mind largely solved problem developed perfected device attached carburetor gasoline engine greatly reduces fuel consumption important effect contrivance produces increasing markedly number miles automobile travel gallon gasoline device patented tested holds promise notable developments motor industry expected automobile carburetor manufacturers tried buy rights device jones decided set business purpose addressing task starting business jones face answer number questions vital importance success enterprise
examining numerous advantages sole proprietorship logical conclude form firms disadvantages inherent type business ownership list follows preceding list advantages disadvantage present problem preclude choosing sole proprietorship form business organization situation approximately hundred operating business firms fails thousands discontinue operations case creditors seek collect amounts owed business sole proprietorship practically property real personal owned proprietor subject liquidation order raise funds pay business debts unlimited liability refers availability person wealth amount invested business satisfy claims creditors age twenty roy sanders opened machine shop outset proved profitable thirty business grew steadily age fifty sanders owned firm employing fifty worth owned fine home cars invested stocks bonds companies securities united states succession misfortunes forced sanders machine shop business business sold pay creditors claims totaled meant personal wealth liquidated order pay business debts full
voting stockholders stockholder present meeting cast vote person vote share voting stock owned likely attend meeting send proxy written authorization cast votes majority voting stock outstanding represented annual meeting solicitation proxies undertaken existing management expense corporation means existing group perpetuate office rival group attempt secure control finance effort secure proxies corporation stockholders mailing cost approximate printing handling costs easily double figure rival solicitations proxies larger corporations proxy battles standard oil company indiana youngstown sheet tube company ago notable exceptions corporations permit cumulative voting method allowing minority interests secure representations board plan twelve directors elected owner single share voting stock cast vote twelve twelve votes owner owners small fraction entire stock issue elect concentrate voting individual notice annual meeting proxy form shown pages addition vote stockholder receive dividends proportion holdings stock
days business small scale routine hiring employees simple job filled employment officer infrequently head company let known vacancy existed applicant appeared hired put qualifications small enterprises employees method hiring characteristic fairly satisfactory situation involves close contact employer employees jobs frequently simple jobs require skills boss ask pertinent questions clearly applicant requisite ability experience recent notable growth size scope operations firms free easy contact heads companies prospective employees prevalent earlier times largely disappeared condition resulted need improvements techniques hiring employees field employer employee relationships previously boss workers met informal basis sense mutual loyalty responsibility differences ironed easily direct discussions changed moderate sized big businesses concerned place contact boss prospective employee meets professional personnel manager assistants worker feels sense loyalty company instances officers company feel sense responsibility
observers economic scene inclined favor bargaining theory wages theory assumes wages set labor market place result bargaining process labor sellers management buyers relative bargaining strengths factors determine wages paid situation theory virtue describing actual procedure portrays collective bargaining process fair degree fidelity practice spreads industry probable pertinency theory greater assume individual applicant seeking job emloyer large corporation engages bargaining process entirely unrealistic view actually takes place statement true aspect bargaining theory assumes lower limits workers unwilling upper limits employers offerings fact matter jobs carry price tags speak range wage rates set employers leave basis range employing officials allowed judgment regard rates offer applicants rarely permitted upper limits bargaining theory satisfactory explanation segment wage determining process inadequate rest picture concerned fails explain high wages unorganized industries fields completely overlooks relative productive skilled unskilled workers explain variations wages workers equal skills identical jobs
marketing concerned business activities involved flow goods services production consumption goods basic stages production marketing distributed production deals producing making goods agency mining fishing farming lumbering manufacturing form productive process prepares goods business firms goods finished move want capitalistic economy means sold delivered turn sell deliver goods subjected production processes activities contribute directly indirectly placing hands ultimate consumer realm marketing marketing goods tasks performed tasks called marketing functions include buying selling transportation storage standardization finance risk taking generally wholesaler buys manufacturer retailer wholesaler consumer retailer obviously half picture half concerned selling convenient helpful consider separately actually inseparable factors performance buying function involves practices policies presented considerable detail chapter purchasing stock control buying involves selection kind goods bought determination quality desired proper quantity purpose necessity buyer select sources goods wants
secretary expected perform number tasks assume responsibility stenographer secretaries dictation give dictation stenographer average employer expects secretary dictation transcribe notes planned mailable letters usable transcripts types expects secretary meet callers answer telephone attend mail send telegrams appointments remind appointments things write letters dictating private office files special accounts operate office machines perform multitude tasks secretary personable type individual loyal trustworthy dependable refined times tactful judgment remember tasks secretary perform secretary english poised health possess personal qualities tend success business office general young interested office working conditions generally working conditions types employment ordinarily secretaries office workers satisfactory hours employment beginning morning closing afternoon saturday afternoon half holiday general rule workers receive weeks vacation pay
addition writing accurate shorthand outlines dictated frequently note special instructions regard dictated material instructions number carbon copies letter rush letter special delivery registered mail submitted inspection signed enclosures dictator give instructions regarding activities telephoning reservation errand inside organization dictator instructions carefully written notebook matters attention stenographer transcribing special abbreviations words common instructions reg registered mail pages notebook instructions things immediately signaled attaching paper clips pages folding dictators follow definite procedure giving instructions give instructions starting dictate dictators intersperse instructions dictation period give end period absence special instructions stenographers expected judgment especially important instructions written refer specific letter instructions beginning letter read letter transcribed instructions end letter overlooked letter typed dictators give instructions dictated sentence paragraph omitted redictate sentences paragraphs letters
letters fundamentally substitutes interviews business letter represents writer speaks careful consideration paper letters typed envelopes letters mailed stationery nature business position held business official sending letter stationery trucking business considered decidedly inappropriate type business funeral parlor insurance company persons occupying high offices government ordinarily stenographer secretary opportunity assist selection stationery determining style letterhead office stenographer fully aware primary considerations selection office stationery printing letterheads opinion requested stenographer suggestions reflect judgment regardless quality cost stationery characteristics bond paper frequently business letters qualities desired business stationery takes typed impression clearly firm strong erasing easy attractive appearance permanent bond paper purchased qualities qualities watermarked transparent design weight commonly known pound weight weight bond paper weight ream sheet measures inches ream inch stationery pound weight weighs pounds
tools secretary works primarily pencil notebook typewriter words phrases sentences mechanical skill backed background english composition letters dictated secretary responsibility select words secretary responsibility spell words correctly misspelled words typographical errors distract attention reader detract effectiveness letter secretary satisfied merely knows spell words understand meaning words spelled differently meanings sound alike similarity sound words increased carelessness poor enunciation dictator secretary able correct occasional errors dictation dictators occasionally word incorrectly errors apparent rapid dictation obvious finished transcript primarily secretary fault standing affected failure discover finally secretary understand words construct letters based information briefly employer learn spell familiar words spells correctly giving special thought spelling person finds words uncertain small group words
senior junior distinguish father son exactly written abbreviations sr jr abbreviation capitalized period separated comma distinguish members family close relatives names confused abbreviations roman numerals ii iii style common note abbreviations period separated comma abbreviation esq gentleman england country rarely title omitted title person titles meanings titles honor achievement correct say dr samuel moderator dr samuel dr ray hitchcock superintendent dr ray hitchcock monroe manager monroe esq mrs dr titles addresses salutations letters written full abbreviations uncommonly titles secretary doubt typing title full safer plan offended giving title full titles abbreviated correct titles salutations federal officials educators churchmen appendix
machines place supplement regular stenographic separate devices connection machine dictation dictating machine transcribing machine shaving machine letters materials dictated mouthpiece dictating machine dictation recorded wax cylinder cylinder removed transcribing unit typist stenographer finished transcription cylinder removed transcribing machine shaving machine shaves outer surface makes record cylinder dictation makes dictating machines common dictaphone ediphone machines differ slightly operation function dictating machines business offices supplement regular stenographer executive considerable amount dictation wants clear choose dictating machine stenographer rush dictation answers telephone meets callers general protects interruptions executive dictate machine odd hours records transcribed large offices dictation minor executives dictation dictating machines stenographers personally dictated records collected hour messenger takes transcription room workers employed operate transcribing machines letters inspected factors accuracy neatness supervisor messenger dictators approval
greatest electronic marvels century computer electronic computer appearance technology advanced rapidly invention touched lives size computers continues decrease rapidly expensive easier computers businesses schools homes computer information processing machine accept data comparisons perform calculations electronic works accurately tirelessly high rates speed computers process data referred input input raw facts numbers characters entered computer stored memory input processed output output referred processed information information displayed screen printed stored future student test scores period considered input entered computer added averaged average output considered processed information think computer intelligence directed step step step step instructions referred program programs written persons known programmers programs keyed typed keyboard remembered computer computer carry instructions quickly entered computer equipped storage device programs stored future storage devices electronic units write data magnetic tape magnetic disk data programs stored units called computer needed
previous section introduced simple program section introduces commands entering typing running executing programs command tells computer action commands numbered program keyed computer told forget memory command scratch shared computers clears memory computer program entered simply key command press enter return key addition clearing memory computer command clear screen move cursor screen left edge cursor dash underscore solid block marks printing position point character space keyed cursor moves left command entered key lines program remember line begin line number press enter return key end line note remainder text key enter return keying program memory computer command statement needed tell computer execute program command execute program run simply key run press enter return key remember key line number command command run entered program page output run entered output program entered computer memory
command run entered programs previous chapters statement executed sequentially beginning program end program terminated stopped point sections program repeated computer decision courses action examples procedures presented chapter keyword goto sends program execution line create loop program loop series statements repeated number times infinite loop infinite loop end program executed loop printed fact computer stop interrupted break key pressed trs ctrl apple ctrl break ibm stop commodore simple loop computer count technique programs infinite loop programmed end procedure recommended loops programmed terminate method terminating presented section notice loop program lines including lines loop desirable program counts repeated loop executed line repeated count clear
executing line basic begins inside parentheses int produces integer number part parentheses variable str function turns integer character representation data looks number computer thinks character data length function len works character data determine integer length subtracted column number decimal point printed subtraction column number printing begin tab function move desired column process varies starting point point print position decimal points aligned note numbers places decimal print times multiplication division possibly result number decimal places desired printout print int function round number desired number decimal places suppose variable number rounded decimal places line line works contents variable multiplied giving note multiplying moves decimal places added giving addition rounding increasing digit integer portion decimal part larger
topic values assigned variables keyboard program running means data changed everytime program executed changing program input statement requests data entered keyboard program running basic keyword assigning keyboard entered variable input input statement computer display question mark screen stop execution data entered keyboard note keyword input variable names data entered keyboard variables computer keyword numeric variable number entered keyboard shows situation variable list data items entered keyboard separated commas statement calls user input character string number order line executed computer displays question mark type karen character data entered keyboard enclosed quotation marks include colons commas leading blanks response smith karen numeric values input keyboard enclosed quotation marks characters digits decimal point negative sign dollar signs commas entered part number input statement variable entered computer display question mark message data expected
line input disk basic trs ibm line input convenient input character strings blanks commas colons need enclosed quotation marks regular input statement statement executed computer waiting response question mark appears quotes commas accepted part input leading blanks part input terminate character string press enter return programs written input line input statements user instructions question mark automatically appears screen input statement response required user idea respond instructions guiding user give correct responses prompts method supplying prompts precede input statement print statements output statements guides user making correct response program line tells user program line prompt tell user response question mark appears line accepts user data keyboard assigns variables answer displayed program terminates program user asked set numbers needs added terminating program line changed additional lines added improve program user responds prompt question line character
tort law area law recover damages injured tort law law contracts involve efforts injured persons recover damages tort law criminal law involve wrongful behavior say tort law situations injured persons damages caused injuries say common scheme based wrongdoing fault person approach looks torts society point view method determining party bear economic loss injury tort strange word tort legal term tort comes latin word means twisted tort conduct twisted crooked straight common english general synonym wrongs black law dictionary says tort private civil wrong injury everyday language tort wrongful act wrongful failure act person injury damage person law give injured person remedy form money damages tort law provide remedy person harm order injured recover damages show persons injured acted wrongfully playing basketball injured ball fail catch hits nose person threw ball committed tort
tort law deals society distributes economic losses person harmed social engineering means tort law shaped ideas fairness individuals directly involved effect law society social economic values society influence creation shape rules tort law tort rules based deep pocket theory approach rules based weighing plaintiff financial ability economic loss injury defendant ability pay means deciding defendants fault avoided injury ability defendants spend money prevent injury pay injury account social insurance theory major concern defendants pass public large costs compensating injured parties society interest seeing harmed compensated interest encouraging formation businesses production goods activities businesses result harm employees consumers members public tort law decides harms company pay harms pay making decisions factor account company suffer loss compensating injured insurance increase prices pass costs compensation customers term injury book means legal injury
immovables real property include land things attached land buildings fences things growing land trees crops flowers heard term trespass heard referred trespassers younger parents warned property permission term trespass legal term important law torts trespass property land buildings permission legal authority damage caused property going property permission trespass person lawful possession property entitled enjoy quiet peaceful possession property sat family eat dinner kitchen dining room suddenly front door opened strangers walked room sat table strangers injure land home feel interfered exclusive possession say property strangers interfered quiet uninterrupted possession sue strangers trespass removed property refused leave plaintiff sues defendant tort paintiff wants compensation defendant harm caused
defamatory statements lessen amount damages pay making retraction false statement retraction statement corrects earlier false statement supplying correct information effective form publicity defamatory statement sufficient repair damage states statutes deal retractions limit amount damages plaintiff recover proper retraction situations intentionally inflicted harm pay damages injured party person relieved obligation pay damages law person harm law person harm person defense tort claim brought recover damages harm caused law defenses law balance conflicting interests society decide person bear economic loss deciding person harmed person causing harm bear loss law weigh importance interests law decides important interest person caused injury important person defense tort claim important defenses involve protection protection protection property enforcement law important defenses involve necessity discipline defenses suit defamation
standard care exceptions discussed section applied uniformly means driver worst held requirement careful driving obviously easier effort satisfy rules due caution try harder avoid creating unreasonable risks harm simply sufficiently informed skillful engage activities creating unreasonable risks shortcomings excuse behavior falls standard due care defense sued negligence saying didn try create substantial risks properly going drive car drive safely knowledge required person able perform task carefully law negligence requires person tries knowledge person required ordinary person community knows including dangers things fire electricity moving machinery exceptions rule uniformity applying reasonable prudent person standard place reasonable person factual situation defendant incident occurred fair say reasonable person acted differently difficult circumstances applying reasonable person standard give reasonable person physical features defendant
nuisance case matters concern courts court determine defendant interfered plaintiff enjoyment property decide interference substantial law nuisance apply annoyances part everyday interferences damage land difficult prove personal annoyance disturbance considered substantial kind interfere ordinary property ordinary person community plaintiff proves substantial interference factor account interference unreasonable considering place occurs live society needs factories airports refineries supermarkets department stores stadiums trucks radios serve personal needs activities carried reasonable manner considered nuisances finally fourth factor deals remedy court give plaintiffs prove injured nuisance course court give money damages cases plaintiff wants plaintiff wants nuisance stopped court order defendant stop interfering plaintiff enjoyment order stop interfering called injunction tort law especially law negligence held liable negligent acts actions employees person liable actions called vicarious liability employers responsible employee acts occur scope employment
comparative approach political science centuries enhanced powers understand shape political study comparative politics serves important ways offers perspective institutions examining politics societies permits wider range political alternatives illuminates virtues shortcomings possibilities political comparative analysis helps develop explanations test theories political processes logic intention comparative methods political scientists similar exact sciences astronomy biology political scientist design experiments manipulate political arrangements observe consequences describe classify organize explain diverse combinations events found politics societies aristotle politics contrasted economies social structures greek city states effort determine social economic environment affected political institutions policies modern political scientist robert dahl study polyarchy compares economic characteristics cultures historical experiences hundred contemporary nations effort discover combinations conditions characteristics democracy theorists past present compared monarchies democracies constitutional regimes tyrannies party democracies multiparty democracies attempt explain differences processes achievements political systems comparative analysis powerful versatile tool enhances ability describe understand politics country including offering concepts reference points broader perspective
term socialization refer children introduced values attitudes society learn expected adult roles political socialization part process shapes political attitudes children early age acquire distinctive political attitudes behavior patterns persons acquire elementary political concepts mature continuously elaborate revise political beliefs values motivations activities pass childhood adult development political belief involves conscious adapatation confusing social environment results taking cues examples convenient sources family school peers communications media political socialization generation passes political standards beliefs succeeding generations process called cultural transmission points political socialization need emphasized socialization continues individual attitudes established infancy adapted reinforced individual passes variety social experiences early family influences create favorable image political party subsequent education job experience influence friends dramatically alter early image events experiences war depression leave mark society older members society experiences bring resocialization drastic attitudes political institutions events greatest impact younger members electorate flexible attitudes system point political socialization form direct indirect transmission learning
pervasive citizen roles generated citizen resistance efforts authorities promote compliance role taxpayer recent tax revolts california american states illustrate resistance dramatically referendum held summer percent voting supported constitutional amendment reduce california property tax rate half resources extracted society wide range types governmental activities modern nonsocialist societies extract quarter half national income taxes levies kinds communist political systems extract half fourths national income taxation profits national industries chapter devices compel citizens obedient providers resources united states relies heavily direct income taxes government withholds income individual earners corporations file annual statements request refunds overpaid additional payments underpaid agency government internal revenue service monitors citizen taxation local governments tax incomes host indirect taxes sales taxes primary sanction compliance coercion severe penalties provided tax evasion normative emphasis obedience law citizenship supplements coercion fact european nations higher levels tax evasion united states france tax evasion virtually honored custom governmental budget forecasters anticipate substantial shortfall citizen roles receivers governmental benefits assumed readily government agencies typically engage substantial public education campaigns inform citizens availability benefits receive
modern societies dominated large organizations largest organizations societies government bureaucracies governments increase efforts improve health productivity welfare security populations size government organizations keeps increasing centrally planned coordinated communist societies vast majority population works government public enterprises collective farms percentage labor force public employment varies nearly communist countries percent advanced democratic countries developing nations india tanzania government employees constitute major part force performing modern tasks course government employees equally significant political process important highly trained expert personnel top civil service analysis policy making britain willson argues policy making centre british government consists group strong politicians sense party political appointees figures reduced nucleus nearer party political willson observes government consists hundred front bench members parliament twenty serve cabinet remainder serve ministers junior ministers parliamentary secretaries charge government departments small group political policy makers confront thousand permanent higher civil servants largely recruited young universities directly higher civil service spend lives elite corps moving ministry ministry watching governments increasingly important policy makers rise top posts
hard facts political goods desirable pursued simultaneously political system trade obtain spending funds education giving opporunity spend welfare leave hand consumers trade opportunity costs found simple decisions giving education health care complicated decisions investment future opposed consumption today difficult trade security liberty stability adaptation concepts imply giving extreme liberty person totally free act highly insecure strong bully weak difficult arrange collective action liberty act security prisoner aware goods negative trade trade circumstances conditions increasing liberty increase security riots censorship end conditions investment education paid times health welfare trained citizens care productively important tasks social science discover conditions positive negative trade occur system beset coups violence disease physical suffering suppression arbitrary rule replaced stable participatory makes progress economic development doubt trade positive
political culture england consists values beliefs emotional attitudes authority continuity political institutions contemporary cultural outlooks reflect events remote past transmitted today citizens intergenerational political socialization political outlook elderly english person combine norms victorian times beliefs derived events attitudes affecting government important concern allegiance political authority government england claim full legitimacy values citizens support authority favor compliance basic rules support regime judgment effectiveness efficiency government english simultaneously form government making specific criticisms works comply law continuity authoritative government england makes idea overthrowing existing regime inconceivable asked think government elected representatives percent support governing percent consider bad run country mps give unanimous support established system percent think big england governed political difficulties arising wide oil crisis outcome elections country continuing economic difficulties reduced confidence effectiveness england government reduced confidence effectiveness doubt legitimacy parliamentary institutions nationalist parties scotland wales parties northern ireland reject government westminster parliament parliamentary government territory
fourth republics french voter looked representative parliament personal ambassador paris vote entrusted representative defense interest regard requirements coherent national policy western parliamentary systems emergence disciplined parties modified earlier system representation binding instructions party parliamentary groups leave representatives room independent decisions based constituency considerations determine party course action united states parties wield power presidential congressional elections give electorate voice deciding govern replaced helm government french republics past disciplined parties popular elections executive explains traditional ambivalence french voter parliamentary system guardians constituency interests deputies senators commanded respect deputies engaged de called games poisons delights system unmade governments seemingly regard popular verdict preceding election popular contempt engulfed representatives system early days republic france experimented number electoral systems devices obtaining satisfactory results increased stability republic attributed method electing national assembly deputies system essentially troubled republic united states small electoral districts close continental france represented single deputy election candidates elected obtain majority votes cast rare occurrence abundance candidates
seen french constitution headed executive parliamentary regimes prime minister presides cabinet unlike parliamentary regimes president figurehead widely predicted arrangement necessarily lead conflict pass presidents differences outlook style prime ministers served left doubt executive head president georges pompidou president de prime minister successor valery giscard held important post minister finance de pompidou ample opportunity observe closely working constitutional system emerged assuming office clear explicit statements practice fully accpeted constitutional arrangements inherited supreme head executive president pompidou interpretation providing fundamental drives defining essential directions ensuring controlling proper functioning government republic francois mitterrand voiced criticism constitution especially omnipotence presidency authoritarian irresponsible mitterrand entire left shifted positions clear electorate satisfied institutions strong popularly elected presidency election mitterrand declared unequivocally powers presidency fullness control proper functioning government president power nominate dismiss prime minister ministers
recent content civics instruction changed emphasis understanding dynamics democratic system interest representation conflict resolution minority rights methods citizen influence education adopted critical perspective society politics pragmatic view strengths weaknesses democracy substituted idealistic textbook images intent present system prepare students adult roles political participants important socializing effect results structure education system secondary school system stratified distinct tracks track general education leads vocational training working class occupation track mixes vocational academic training graduates program employed lower middle class occupations skilled trades track focuses purely academic training gymnasium academic high school preparation university education system education tracks reinforces differences social status german society students directed tracks primary schooling based school record teacher evaluations early age family influences major factor child development children assigned academic track middle class families students vocational track working class families chances determined early age generally limits social mobility sharp distinctions separate tracks reinforce division students attend schools minimizing social contact curricula tracks varied assigned difficult transfer tracks
striking similarities dissimilarities soviet political culture nineteenth century russia reigns highly authoritarian tsars nicholas alexander iii dominated ideas suggested slogan orthodoxy autocracy nationality convenient equivalent describing soviet official political culture characterize ideological partisan subject participatory addition tsarist russia soviet political culture elitist despite official fiction calls soviet workers leading class soviet society course historical comparison entirely apt cautious comparing rural overwhelmingly peasant russia orthodox church played major role inculcating tsar subjects devotion monarch holy russia heavily industrialized urban officially atheist overlook vast superiority penetration sophistication effectiveness soviet socialization political communication network compared ramshackle tsarist predecessor impossible understand contemporary soviet official political culture especially high degree passive acceptance soviet peoples taking account continuities tsarist soviet russian political cultures acceptance marked dominance political authorities rank file citizens lack legal safeguards citizens rights relation government governmental intrusion cultural individuals private affairs harsh arbitrary suppression dissent difficult understand brought democracies authoritarianism statism militarization soviet roots harsh historical experience addressing audience soviet industrial executives stalin characterized history russia history defeats hands peoples advanced technologically declared gap closed results disastrous soviet union
theory practice soviet system assigns separate spheres competence cpsu organs distinction fluid shifting generally speaking party executives exercise political leadership government official engage actual administration decision critical innovative decision prerogative party implementation routine supervision jobs soviets ministries party keeps watchful eye implementation carried direct party involvement administration increases periods innovation stalin collectivization survival system stake nazi invasion revitalization needed khrushchev agricultural reorganization party involvement decreases party led campaigns achieved goals provoking antiparty resentments party cadres needed kremlin fears cadres getting involved administration danger losing sight ideological political goals prime source party power bureaucracy lies control assignment executive professional personnel interested top percent government posts party necessarily confine supervision high reaches party influences administrators power oversight actions stalinist pattern rampant terror thing past powerful mechanisms surveillance persist party enforces high standards performance officials help variety inspection agencies including kgb popular control committees special agencies set combat bribery illegal land apartments violation rules admission universities granting diplomas withholding farmers produce due illegal relaxation quality controls industry
summers slipped close anarchy party offices paralyzed schools closed cadres levels vulnerable disgrace dismissal mass organizations brought stoppages disrupted transportation communications cases engaged full scale street fighting rival groups armed disorder began involve units liberation army pla maoists pulled fall order restored pla assumed control administrative apparatus mass organizations disbanded economic functions reemphasized reconstruction party offices began ninth party congress april proclaimed defeat capitalist roaders initiation policies accord chairman mao directives roughly half party leadership highest victims liu shaoqi mao pre party rankings deng xiaoping fourth power mao liu premier zhou enlai later dramatic returns prominence replacing revolutionary cadres large number pla commanders radical party figures mass representatives achieved prominence campaign course substantial contingent experienced leaders passed test cultural revolution remained office post leadership coalition groupings ardent maoists radicals drew strength close association chairman manipulation directives mao wife representative group military figures united defense minister lin biao designation command mao chosen successor veteran administrators led zhou enlai represented left moderates
colonial important cleavage racial divide system noted sociologist labeled colonial situation operated imperative determinant roles europeans directly colonial played part master africans social stations subordinate alien domination portrayed racial european intruders claim superiority extended entire gamut social cultural political relationships legally socially africans belong common native category encompassing racial cleavage eclipsed types division african society visibility significance cleavage radically diminished independence south africa immigrants european ancestry inherited exclusive political power zimbabwe independence settlement preserved extensive economic privilege small european minority french speaking states west africa european population shrank loss colonial political power overt racial barriers disappeared triumph nationalism political conflict shifted racial ethnic arena ethnic consciousness founded cultural traits believed shared language common historical myths rituals values ethnicity politically activated perception shared interests issues regional representation political institutions perceptions domination group allocations public goods employment access schools siting amenities rose surface phrase heard widely slice national cake groups jostled jealously ensure helping proper size distribution ethnic identities acquired urgent political meaning ethnic categories salient means identical moment colonial penetration important precolonial units defined political authority bore relationship ethnicity
flow information africa occurs channels contrast characterizing western political systems political communication occurs formal informal vehicles stands africa relative importance radio formal communication remarkable effectiveness informal channels filtering distorting information authoritarian character african states fears leadership instability lead close control print broadcast electronic media governments seek media instrument political education public frequently major newspapers vehicles ruling party press countries latitude discreet criticism directly attack ruler radio television invariably run countries exceptions limited freedom expression press nigeria important nigerian press tradition dating colonial times uninhibited expression military rule nigerian newspapers remained independent south africa white press enjoys degree freedom subject harassment press freedom extend blacks newspapers mainly circulate major cities readership restricted poverty mass populace high illiteracy rates intellectual elite likely read newsmagazines newspapers abroad countries foreign publications mainly circulate capital cities likely seized critical commentary regime question spread transistor radio africa reach broadcast media
comparative analysis powerful versatile tool enhances ability describe understand politics country offering concepts reference points broader perspective stimulates formation general theories political relationships comparative consideration types political systems encourages test theories politics confronting experience institutions settings helps expand awareness human possibilities politics taking network assumptions familiar arrangements operate text comparative politics today attempt comparative analysis ways initial chapters introduce set concepts discussing comparing system process policy aspects political systems theoretical discussions chapters expand concepts present general theories describing analyzing aspects political country studies build concepts theories describing analyzing politics wide range situations appendix designed facilitate comparative analysis readers comparative politics today hope easier general discussion concepts theories application specific countries important want encourage readers ask try answer comparative questions engaging comparative analysis confronting abstract concepts theories evidence countries explanations events nation political experiences nations
government america centuries americans approach american century trepidation president ronald reagan recently tried reassure appealing traditional american values religion family military strength worries remain deficits haunt government stake size federal budget shortfall writers tell headed postindustrial society high tech economy global village warned sum society growth limited gains inevitably cost told megatrends engulfing powerful forces economic technological change weakly control warn late america economy slowly unravelling party system electoral system recent elections smaller proportion americans bothered vote generation ago role government today larger pervasive altogether american governments national local spend dollar gross national product total dollar goods services produced government controls mighty nuclear arsenal produce president jimmy carter called war ii increasingly government makes death decisions citizens slowing hastening act death government tries control toxicity water costs energy safety place security streets government politics enter american century affect nearly aspect lives
ago government issued annual edition organization manual lists locations telephone numbers staff agencies wise choice cover labyrinth nineteenth century supreme court justice joseph story remarked proportion government free complicated government complexity equals freedom americans free washington lawyer robert kharasch aptly titled book government institutional imperative understand united states government bulky objects complicated government looks rube goldberg contraption understanding bulky object called american government task chapter speak government yes government washington composed bits pieces shards parts elements fragments fit neatly justice story proud complicated government consider tidbits united states bureau census counts live united states governments latest count governments country early chapter look american communities biggest governments course washington fifty governments staggering local governments nearly americans elected public officials course president hundreds thousands local school board members city council members justice story find plenty complexity laws passed congress collected called united states code index comprises ten volumes
oakland california troubled local economy plagued joblessness april economic development administration announced plan create jobs oakland unemployment rate national average eda director eugene foley announced nearly million grants oakland main projects airport hangar marine terminal hangar leased airways large charter service marine terminal built port oakland eda projected jobs produced projects later thirty jobs traced massive eda investment happened big part problem multitude groups involved priorities interests project run afoul important agencies groups examples minority group leaders oakland supported jobs program wanted sure minority groups unemployment rates higher city average claim jobs created united states navy operated air base proposed construction discovered cranes building interfere flight safety decided oppose project environmentalists certainly objection creating jobs oakland discovered part san francisco bay filled construction opposed grounds department labor delighted support job creation told eda apprenticeship training programs belonged jurisdiction pressman wildavsky counted number decision points needed contracts signed
bill rights guarantees freedom speech include vicious speech jews blacks bill rights guarantees free press include publish stolen document government stamped top secret bill rights guarantees freedom religion mean religious cults methods wean teenagers families governmental interference going discuss bill rights words describing civil liberties constitution changed nearly centuries read amendments carefully reading amendements note amendment key principles free speech press religious tolerance freedom assembly listed begins words congress laws say congress states law abridging freedom speech press religion literal reading bill rights suggests restrains national government states bill rights passed distrust national government potentially monstrous central government nervous legislatures states fact bill rights constitutions happen government passed sweeping law limiting free speech censoring press closing houses worship words amendment beginning end story bill rights prevent
television powerful technology communication persuasion invented political scientists uncertain effect values thinking public opinion social scientists able point clearly impacts opinions technotronic wonder milton rokeach sandra ball rokeach distinguished students social psychology washington university conducted ingenious experiment goal test experimentally impact television changing basic values note test called american values test real contrived laboratory experiment television show aired tri cities area eastern washington local network affiliates boost viewership professionally produced hosted television personalities ed asner sandy hill show americans believe specifically americans ranked eighteen basic values examples family security equality freedom wisdom happiness mature love peace rokeach knew number national surveys americans ranked values goal television show influence change priorities worked early show viewers asked rank values hosts began subtly perceptibly try persuade rethink priorities hill tells viewers children begin natural appreciation beauty ranking beauty high list values teenagers rank lower adults rank lower seventeenth list eighteen values says explains americans willing live pollution ugliness subtle yes real effort manipulate opinion basic values
form particpation missing verba nie list activities participation unconventional activities boston tea party americans engaged countless political protests protest form political participation designed achieve policy change dramatic unconventional tactics media willingness cover unusual makes protest worthwhile giving demonstration cover strategic mistake american history individuals groups civil disobedience means conscious decision break law thought immoral suffer consequences henry david thoreau refused pay taxes support mexican war jail stayed overnight friend ralph waldo emerson paid taxes influenced india mahatma gandhi reverend martin luther king jr won nobel peace prize civil disobedience segregationist laws letter birmingham jail modern defense civil disobedience political participation violent history violence american politics surprisingly nation born revolution recent peak occurred turbulent black areas american cities erupted violence college campuses turned virtual armed camps protestors vietnam war battled police national guard units kent cornell columbia peaceful demonstrations turned ugly americans forget violence deplorable means pressuring government change policies chapter explored theories american politics democratic theory elite class theory pluralism hyperpluralism views participation entwined
astute observers american politics sage journalist walter lippman remarked call election expression popular polling booth mark cross piece paper names expressed thoughts public policy united states presumably number thoughts buts ifs ors surely cross piece paper express americans pollsters pundits political scientists search meaning elections mandates change winners claim disconnected tabulations millions crosses ballots pulls levers elections tea leaves reading hard guesswork chapter give perspective american elections provide hard fast interpretations elections general show function american system voters behave sense american elections chapter mainly presidential elections later chapter examine congressional elections constitutionally pick presidents length process road white house tedious tiring voters candidates today virtually permanent campaign candidates election line inaugural parade cleaned short news republican predictable convention networks focused candidates full months election
proposed congress nephew suffragist susan anthony equal rights amendment wait fifty congress passed states ratification senate house approved overwhelmingly vote house senate issue finally simply worded era read follows equality rights law abridged account sex congress power enforce legislation provisions article amendment effect date ratification easy race deadline congress established legislatures outdo ratify hawaii arranged senator inouye office signal island legislature senate passed era hawaii ratify month fifteen legislatures ratified overwhelming majorities texas kansas fairly conservative states voted decisively era women interest groups coasting victory era zipping legislatures conservative publicist phyllis schlafly alton illinois woman movement era mrs schlafly whirlwind schedule took talk shows speeches rallies interviews ticked evils era fellow opponents argued lead women combat destroy integrity family encourage homosexuality eliminate legal protections women quiet consensual politics era early days boisterous bizarre politics
doubt groups attack group group embodiment public interest group special selfish interest group participation americans influence public policy poor movements rich associations ways affecting policy agenda rich advantage interest groups environmentalists colorado opponents nuclear power hampshire nuclear freeze advocates formed pressure groups groups parties american politics parties able advantage high technology american century parties says professor berry natural counterweight interest groups offering citizens basic means pursuing nation collective confidence parties capable providing meaningful link ballot box policies affect suspicion grows government directed organized groups whirlwind tour group politics convinced vast array interests american society vying policies prefer trying prevent policies oppose saw large groups fall victim free rider problem called olson law large groups groups representing large numbers exceptions generally find harder organized smaller organized groups choose basic strategies maximize effectiveness lobbying known group strategy evidence effectiveness mixed dispute clear lobbyists effective legislators side
success democratic government large nation depends quality representation tiny decision making body cast votes hold national referendum policy issue governmental agenda delegate decision making power representatives congress successful democratic institution successful represenative institution certainly aspects congress unrepresentative members american elite leadership chosen members vote american voters direct influence women chair key committees lead congressional parties voters single constituency control fate committee chairmen party leaders voters house districts states real say chairs energy committee committee considering defense buildups committee making economic policy evidence chapter demonstrate congress callously write opinions worthless voters elect makes difference votes turn party power affects policies linkage institutions link voters policymakers doubt congress job representation legislators find hard constituents want groups important issues legislative agenda members spend servicing constituencies left represent constituencies policymaking process pluralism describes system government multiple centers power loosely coordinated policy hyperpluralism describes system power multiple centers coordination difficult impossible
harry truman democrat missouri haberdasher trade truman worked political machine kansas city united states senator missuri tapped roosevelt vice presidential running mate truman barely office fdr died truman decide drop atomic bombs japan ordered dropped presided trying times postwar recovery strong opinions truman shot lip popular office partly fdr hard act follow stature grow retired independence missouri dwight eisenhower republican born texas reared kansas ike commander allied forces europe war ii voted republican nominee presided tranquil offering public grandfatherly image sternness compassion public image remained high crushed democratic nominee adlai stevenson presidential elections richard nixon vice president friend declined invite inside house gettysburg pennsylvania john kennedy democrat massachusetts jfk remembered leadership style elegant wife jackie tragic assassination dallas texas november kennedy senator ran president handsome virile graceful touted culture charisma household word kennedy legislative record enviable remembered popularity public impressive assassinated public estimation escalated according harris poll americans rank president decades incredible opinion students presidency
judge sirica injunction forbade university california experiment directed national institutes health nih develop guidelines research nih rushed approve rules genetic experiments taking advantage loophole sirica decision barred university california employees potato experiment nih recombinant dna advisory committee agreed permit private company advanced genetic sciences greenwich connecticut conduct experiment rifkin course furious backdoor maneuver nih unwittingly helped hasten white house level review policies governing genetic research january representatives seventeen federal agencies regulated genetic research published policies federal register agency directed publish specifically rules experiment nature genetic makeup cases tell policy administration suggest complex process typically involving bureaucracy courts interest groups agencies bureaucracies implement legislation congress write legislative intent crisp voting rights act bureaucracy snappy job implementing legislation congress poor job providing policy design guidance agencies area biotechnology congress silent leaving agencies wrestle directly interest groups courts legislative intent murky case college athletics bureaucrats hard implementing policy cases point conflict policy necessarily mean poorly implemented voting rights act controversial policy swiftly deftly implemented
automotive pollution policy attention clean air act charged department transportation dot responsibility reducing automobile emissions fierce battles ranged automobile makers dot stringent requirements automakers claimed impossible meet dot standards dot claimed automakers deliberately dragging feet hopes congress delay weaken requirements fact congress water pollution control act intended clean nation rivers lakes municipal industrial polluters secure permits discharging waste products waters environmental protection agency issue licenses pollute polluters supposed practicable pollution control technology policies passed complex process implementation starts environmental legislation involved implementing thousands regulations applicable hundreds thousands polluters responsibility implementing environmental policies falls environmental protection agency epa created supports research environmental quality main job regulating pollution promote cleaner air water biggest single independent regulatory agency scope responsibilities epa responsibility regulating water pollution water pollution control act polluters cities industries big farmers dumping pollutants waterway need permit point sources places substantial discharges dumped waterways united states epa assess making judgments discharge justified trying monitor compliance developed guidelines issued permits
nations exhibit inequalities rich poor powerful powerless inequalities visible republic south africa white run government south africa vestiges colonial era european colonizers asia africa latin america exploit native resources extend western european empires war ii witnessed quiet revolutions bloody swept remnants colonialism africa south africa neighbor rhodesia white rule rhodesia began crumble worldwide economic boycott south africa million blacks coloreds ruled iron fist million whites mixture descendants dutch british settlers policy tool white minority governs black majority apartheid rigid system racial segregation strictly confines blacks menial jobs poorer countryside starkly subordinate social conditions armed vast powers suppression communism act government silence white opponents apartheid obvious south african regime conflicts key american beliefs majority rule minority rights civil liberties equality united states refused join effort pressure south africa boycott sponsored black african nations south african government argues blacks living higher incomes nutrition african country black rule south africa storehouse key raw materials united states needs american policy options numerous united states refuse involve internal problems south africa invoking familiar argument intervening internal affairs nations achieve goals create problems
executive power vested president united states america hold office term vice president chosen term elected follows appoint manner legislature thereof direct number electors equal number senators representatives entitled congress senator representative person holding office trust profit united states appointed elector electors meet respective states vote ballot persons inhabitant list persons voted number votes list sign certify transmit sealed seat government united states directed president senate president senate presence senate house representatives open certificates votes counted person greatest number votes president number majority number electors appointed majority equal number votes house representatives immediately chuse ballot president person majority highest list house manner chuse president
notice dialogue teacher influenced student student didn want leave class teacher demonstrated power student power simply ability influence behavior power getting wouldn power involved force called coercion persuasion rewards essence ability change actions power greater change easier change accomplish power mean influencing change power involves relationship groups says person lot power ask power influence power relationship discussed statement united states powerful nation today sentence means huge wealth large army educated population united states influence country wishes statement wrong resources wealth army population give capacity power capacity converted effective influence depend relationship applied certainly united states greater wealth population troops north vietnam attempting halt national movement american troops vietnam war united states limited power change small asian country behavior generally seek power sake want values fame wealth affection think bring
english political heritage framers part included magna charta declared power king absolute included idea natural rights expressed english philosophers notably john locke wrote born free formed society protect rights colonists felt fighting revolution secure traditional rights englishmen denied abusive colonial government colonies states learned government constitution earliest settlers determined live written rules law resting consent community mayflower compact signed pilgrims shortly landed plymouth similar documents written colonies constitutions aspects colonial governments house legislatures later constitution revolution reaction authority royal governor colonists established legislature important branch governments colonies governor legislature judiciary pattern evolve constitutional separation powers regular elections generally white propertied males vote uneasy basis federal system local national governments sharing powers american colonies central government england important idea limited government individual rights written constitutions revolution unity colonies evolving slowly attempts tighten ties revolution limited success
establishing system government united states constitution things established structure government federal system gave country political framework existed present constitution distributed powers government article gave legislative powers power raise spend money congress article ii gave executive powers president including command armed forces wide authority foreign policy article iii gave judicial power judge disputes arising constitution united states supreme court constitution restrained government exercising powers government limited bill rights individual rights preserved constitution grants limits governmental power point clearly illustrated looking closely major constitutional principles separation powers checks balances federalism limited government judicial review major constitutional principle actually separation powers checks balances principles understood operate separation powers principle powers government separated put care parts government exactly stated constitution principle history political philosophy practice governments colonies writers constitution divided federal government branches carry saw major functions government legislative function passing laws congress executive function carrying executing laws president judicial function interpreting laws supreme court
president theory complete charge huge federal bureaucracy executive branch authority comes article ii constitution states executive power vested president united states america executive power means ability carry execute laws led president heading bureaucracy spending billion employing million civilians percent payroll billion federal government revenues larger top forty united states corporations combined ranks largest administrative organization criticism bureaucracy widespread president reagan promise campaign government backs american helped elected follows tradition presidents similar promises closer look federal bureaucracy later chapter constitution president recommend measures congress twentieth century presidents regularly actively participated legislative process president delivers union address joint session congress beginning present administration annual legislative program annual budget message economic message report frequently sends special messages congress supporting specific legislation bills passed congress originate executive branch getting legislation passed requires presidential popularity congress nation president tactics campaigning supporter reelection threatening block member congress local public works project legislative program enacted law
outlining powers duties executive branch necessarily tell president real situations successfully president plays roles office bureaucracy depends partly political situations faces course depends experience skill cases presidents truman kennedy carter faced similar conflicts steel industry emphasize difficulties advantages uncertainties presidential power united states involved korean war strikes inflation threats country union management leaders steel industry deadlocked union wage demands president truman faced crisis wage stabilization board wsb set hold wages prices reduce inflation recommended proposal accepted union strongly opposed management opposed charles wilson headed office defense mobilization oversaw wsb president agreed wsb wilson resigned industry officials argued large price increase meet union wage demands president truman responded price rise needed interest national defense granted refused commit specific figure steel management presented wage offer lower wsb recommended union turned prepared strike wartime situation president problem avoid strike causing large rise price steel
framers american constitution meant congress center american political game experience king george iii england dictatorial incompetent governors left colonists deep suspicion strong executive authority result constitution gave detailed powers responsibilites congress fewer president major function lawmaking congress creates rules govern political players article constitution congress power levy taxes borrow money raise armies declare war determine nature federal judiciary regulate commerce coin money laws proper carrying execution foregoing powers powers vested constitution government united states department officer thereof powers president limited powers congress president named commander chief armed services declare war raise armies wanted army congress provide president chief administrative officer government government administer congress create appoint executive officials negotiate foreign treaties senate agreed president veto bill passed congress congress power override veto bill law spite president wishes raising money taxes spending government required approval congress finally congress power impeach remove president judgment found guilty treason bribery high crimes misdemeanors
congressional investigations welcomed executive departments allow congress influence executive behavior senate foreign relations committee public hearings vietnam war special watergate committee investigation illustrated power recent investigation house committee president carter papers hands president reagan campaign prior debate called debategate provoked howls outrage white house wrong motives congressional investigations dangerous senator joseph mccarthy permanent investigations subcommittee house un american activities committee ruined reputations innocent forced able persons government service whipped fear hatred country unfounded charges disloyalty communist sympathies constitution president foreign treaties approval thirds senate illustrated close approval panama canal treaty senate power approve reject presidential appointments including ambassadors cabinet members military officers executive branch officials thirds majority needed treaties simple majority executive appointments based members senate present voting issue arises entire hundred person senate presidential appointments executive branch routine tendency senate agree president persons wishes working ed meese president reagan nominee attorney general ran trouble senate judiciary committee brought light financial assistance friends later appointed federal jobs scenes pressure senate dissatisfaction undoubtedly presidents unpopular nominations place
supreme court undergone nearly hundred existed fifty surprising today interest court slight cases brought supreme court leaders patrick henry alexander hamilton refused appointments serve judges court sessions held places basement apartments landmark decisions greatly increased influence court initial period established judicial review power declare acts laws local government unconstitutional strike acts branch federal government major decision established principle national supremacy united states laws constitution supreme law land laws conflict federal laws stand principle judicial review established case marbury madison supreme court struck act congress case illustrates shrewd chief justice john marshall politician shortly leaving office president adams nominated marshall court appointed number minor judicial officials order maintain influence party coming administration opponent thomas jefferson jefferson took office discovered commissions william marbury actually delivered jefferson ordered secretary james madison hold section judiciary act marbury sued supreme court compel delivery commission
united states supreme court called dangerous branch government despite power judicial review court clearly weakest branches depend parts government enforce decisions authority cancel actions branches federal government fact seldom strictly limited limits found court political system limits power court found judicial system traditional practices court thing held interpretaton constitution requires actual case presented court exercise judicial review court lead declaring laws unconstitutional give advisory opinions wait real controversy brought actually injured law lower courts meaning pass law put books court rule supreme court dred scott decision struck missiouri compromise passed thirty important limit court actions practice court attempt resolve political questions political question issue constitution laws give final say branch government court feels lacks capability solve political questions crop foreign relations justices court lack important secret information experts diplomacy recognize dominance presidency conduct foreign affairs court generally rejected attempts involve resolving disputes vietnam war
women groups began attacking laws federal courts arguing sex considered suspect category supreme court responded unevenly laws upheld struck court allowed laws granting tax benefits widows widowers permitting women serve guards maximum security prisons let stand lower court decision permitting single sex schools hand court ruled widows widowers equal social security benefits equal rights sue alimony drinking age sexes unwed fathers rights deciding baby put adoption supreme court halfway making gender suspect category allowed government reasonably show sex classifications serve important government objectives women required register draft supreme court upheld law decision employment court laws passed congress viewing women protected class able benefit affirmative action programs court decided victims sex discrimination prove public officials intended discriminate merely showing law effect sex rule intention merely results favors government hard prove deliberate intent discriminate equal rights amendment approved congress outlawed gender classifications struck racial categories fourteenth amendment
illinois courts refused lift injunction decided march place public display swastika argued lead violence eighteen jewish organizations planning large counterdemonstration nazis dared march skokie eventually illinois supreme court ruled village skokie national socialist party america nazis display swastika marched later federal district judge struck skokie ordinances including required insurance property damage decision affirmed federal court appeals left standing supreme court issue decision court cases nazis aided american civil liberties union won march skokie village officials reluctantly issued leader permit march june nazis decided move march strong possibility violent reaction presence skokie agreed march park chicago permit federal district judge opposition chicago officials tried ban demonstration ruled nazis march park eventually march took place incident case illustrates essential points civil liberties involve highly unpopular groups pledged overthrow government defend rights aclu federal courts support political views groups
presidential elections maintaining elections republicans called gop grand party support majority voters controlled executive branch sixteen seventy democrats gain control presidency held office short periods democratic elections woodrow wilson caused temporary voter shifts deviations party support splits republican party social economic impact depression destroyed majority support republicans enjoyed contributed realignment party system franklin delano roosevelt democrats majority party known party labor poor minorities urban residents immigrants eastern liberals white south republican party gained substantial support presidential congressional elections white voters solid south suburban middle classes election political analysts foresaw republican realignment similar democratic conservative republican overwhelmingly reelected president meant presidential elections republican nominee won average electoral college votes southern western states consistently voted republican candidates youth vote shifted reagan polls party identification showed republicans democrats arguments raised interpretation difference elections voter turnout roosevelt election reelection brought millions polls continued pattern low voter turnout
book spoken politics game discussed nature political game competition talked rules conflict set constitution changed book devoted governmental nongovernmental players history structures powers chapter looked schools thought try sum analyze wins loses game played re finished beginning spectators game nonparticipants politics special kind game special kind audience participate game participating change game played outcome respected scholar politics written political conflict football game played measured field fixed number players presence audience scrupulously excluded playing field politics original primitive game football free join game population town play entire population town moving freely countryside conflicts narrowly confined variety devices distinctive quality political conflicts relations players audience defined audience getting game expect powers encourage participate
course human events dissolve political bands connected assume powers earth separate equal station laws nature nature god entitle decent respect opinions mankind requires declare impel separation hold truths evident created equal endowed creator unalienable rights liberty pursuit happiness secure rights governments instituted deriving powers consent government form government destructive ends alter abolish institute government laying foundation principles organizing powers form likely effect safety happiness prudence dictate governments established changed light transient experience hath shown mankind disposed suffer evils sufferable abolishing forms accustomed train abuses unsurpations pursuing invariably object evinces design reduce absolute despotism duty throw government provide guards future security
executive power vested president united states america hold office term vice president chosen term elected follows appoint manner legislature thereof direct number electors equal number senators representatives entitled congress senator representative person holding office trust profit united states appointed elector electors meet respective states vote ballot persons inhabitant list persons voted number votes list sign certify transmit sealed seat government united states directed president senate president senate presence senate house representatives open certificates votes counted person greatest number votes president number majority number electors appointed majority equal number votes house representatives immediately choose ballot president person majority highest list house manner choose president choosing president votes states representation vote quorum purpose consist member members thirds states majority states choice
inevitable discrepancy power government leaders led creates tension society power ends society requires decisions affect power harm concentrated power government send children die war empty cities recently occured cambodia misuse public resources enforce total racial segregation contemporary south africa surprising political systems fear government need weak government strong countries accept discrepancy power leaders inevitable voice government recourse abuse power leaders emerge ancient aristocracies political party small body wealthy landowners cases limited choice leaders choice bring political change act forcefully violently lack power bring peaceful change peaceful reduction tension leaders system aspires democratic inevitable tension leaders led especially poignant united states tried manufacture traditions institutions practices allow peaceful change balance tension leaders led unlike democratic systems firmly espouse belief control destinies democratic tradition makes continued tension leaders led central aspect political
revolution begun royal governors supporters forcibly ejected colonies power switched newly liberated legislatures representative elected bodies unrepresentative minority longer tyrannized majority end american debate power revolutionary war western pennsylvania western massachusetts western north carolina found legislatures obnoxious british masters rebellion broke western massachusetts legislature rejected farmers appeals grant financial relief issuing paper money prohibit mortgage foreclosures land halt imprisonment indebtedness insurrection known shays rebellion quelled force arms eastern merchants worried legislatures kind poor farmers owed money banks businessmen legislatures controlled debtor class erased debts merchants businessmen bankers considered action tyrannical british acts preceded revolution slowly idea grew legislatures tyrannical executives states tyrannical national governments majorities tyrannical minorities experiences drew radical conclusion trusted legislate behalf act chose artificial body representatives permitted speak rule directly seizure power americans cautious reasoned solution problem tyranny lay reevaluation executive power balance power branches government
related facts shaped black american political culture experience racial discrimination whites discrimination mistreatment blacks began period slavery discrimination education employment politics continued emancipation sad historical legacy inevitably reflected political culture american blacks important factor poverty blacks group poorer whites poverty gap blacks whites closed recent poverty affects political culture group poverty combined perception white hostility poor blacks grim conception situation legacy discrimination poverty reflected widespread belief blacks individuals control futures things affect perception personal weakness turn reduces satisfaction weakens action improve situation important factor migration war ii blacks lived rural south today predominantly urban migration country city south north occurred american cities beginning decay fact exaggerated natural strains urbanization racial discrimination present reality historical legacy pervades blacks assumptions american politics whites called criminal activities urban riots blacks saw revolutionary expressions blacks american politics open conventional means whites prone turn unconventional tactics legacy discrimination affects images political authorities fewer blacks whites feel contacts political authorities proceed fairly fewer blacks expect courts treat impartially
problem according congressional committee report average representative puts eleven hour allowing twelve minutes reading representative scheduled places congress things complex organization relies formal informal working arrangements order operation committees parties provide formal organization house senate informal rules game encourage cooperation generally legislative process smoothly congress session congress exhibition whilst congress committee rooms congress wrote woodrow wilson remains today business congress accomplished committees dividing legislative labor individual committees scrutinize hold hearings revise times bills chamber acting manage house senate agriculture committees consider crop support prices family farm legislation house acting devote detailed highly technical problems actual performed subcommittees house committees subcommittees senate committees subcommittees addition joint senate house committees division labor helps congress deal legislative proposals yearly majority committees returned action house senate floor fragment responsibility lead struggles jurisdiction consider differences house senate treatment energy policy senate operating reforms established single committee energy natural resources deal energy matters
congressional investigation means congress oversee executive agencies technically committees hold investigations provide congress information relevant revised legislation fact investigations publicize problems reassure public advance personal partisan interests investigations carried standing permanent congressional committee special select committee established purpose whichever body senate house sponsors investigation grant designated committee power subpoena witnesses documents recent special investigation looked billy carter dealings libyan government misuse executive power special senate judiciary subcommittee found criminal actions roundly criticize president brother executive officials addition select committees pursued alleged illegal activities cia fbi inquired assassinations martin luther king john kennedy congressional investigations rarely lead directly laws dramatize issues bring public attention place problems future legislative agenda scandinavian countries established position ombudsman local governmental official hears investigates citizens complaints public officials citizens appeal ombudsman feel teated unfairly executive agency idea simple natural citizens low confidence bureaucracy popular belief bureaucrats elected officials responsive popular pressure official ombudsman united states government member congress fills role constituents legislators refer efforts casework treat important business
factor certainly popular attitudes presidents presidency george washington american generally invested presidency heroic quality transformed ordinary politicians transcendent figures popular imagination president enlarged presidential myth benefited grown especially twentieth century proportions camelot metaphor john kennedy washington say presidents invariably popular immune criticism later chapter suggests presidents symbolic figures representing nation presidents politicians generally accorded legitimacy support generally supportive public attitudes factors especially important enabling president define expand job perceived need respond international domestic crises personality presidential office characterized unity single person ultimately charge considerable independence branches government ability act secretly ability act swiftly uniquely suited american national system respond crises congress contrast slow fractious debating society extraordinary circumstances civil war international war cold war economic depression require extraordinary presidential responses meant taking actions normal standards dictatorial illegal civil war abraham lincoln authorized army arrest imprison try military courts northerners criticized war effort suspected disloyal union
agencies hold public hearings tradition law citizens contribute react proceedings addition agencies ask citizens sit committees advising directing administrative activity migrant health act required arrangement device extensively community action programs initiated johnson administration mid combat poverty experience community action programs frustrating bureaucrats citizens members poor communities sat committees frequently complained power administrators poverty programs felt citizens fully understand intent methods government programs frustrations common administrators citizens interact hearings settings short citizens opportunities participate governmental administration experiences generally unsatisfactory case migrant health program bakersfield cases illustrate point federal bureaucratic agencies organizations designed implement programs policies authorized congress virtue bureaucratic organization supposed efficiency fact public bureaucracies merely implement legislation frequently fall short measures efficiency elected officials rely bureaucratic agencies advice implementation legislation learned distrust bureaucrats generally regard administrative agencies lethargic bodies need pushed prodded bureaucracies nature internally democratic easily controlled representative institutions assist efforts control guide federal bureaucracy congress president hired growing staffs
today minor infractions law excepted general rule criminal defendant entitled court appointed counsel afford lawyer wide gap equality legal representation offered private counsel offered court appointed counsel public defenders appointed counsel public defenders lawyers investigative resources needed mobilize strongest case clients citizens poor qualify indigents affluent hire lawyer counsel civil cases portion citizenry legal needs noncriminal cases met publicly financed legal services programs traditional legal services programs originally called legal aid societies aimed primarily providing poor lawyers part war poverty federal government private foundations funded large number legal services programs country traditional programs modeled judicare program northern wisconsin concentrated merely providing poor access lawyer eligible program choose participating lawyer services turn reimbursed program according set fee schedule kind program favored organized bar lawyers closest duplicating customery fee service arrangements lawyers private practice number legal services programs organized differently ambitious goals programs relied lawyers young lawyers hired especially represent poor traditional public defender legal aid society models
act congress appropriately challenged courts conforming constitutional mandate judicial branch government duty lay article constitution invoked statute challenged decide squares wrong assume judicial decisions merely personal preferences justices justices seriously obligation interpret apply law judging dynamic process judges inevitably law interpret statutes meaning constitution perspectives interpret constitution ample precedents justices cite support conclusion wish reach justice william douglas remarked bit cavalierly plenty precedents capable judge find legal authority support decision wanted rule precedent merely cynical ploy deceive public justices understand rule law requires high degree predictability continuity myth citizen case top resistant fact law person equal equal chance petition supreme court redress grievances believed supreme court distant elevated respond pleas ordinary citizen fact citizens chance getting case decided supreme court numbers tell story present cases supreme court
contrast television seldom succeeds discussing candidate issue positions effectively television discussion ford carter debates candidates elaborated issues primarily devoted candidate won performed half network news relating debates discussed issue issue differences candidates discussed television hard focusing issues partly issues complicated fit comfortably short span television devote addition hard dramatize issues effectively finally candidates develop basic issue positions early campaign comparatively unchanged campaign tedious television simply repeat unchanging issue positions conditions surprising discover spend campaigns television show appreciable gain issue awareness respect election television simply meet issue needs charge television degraded electoral process wrong entirely pessimistic conclusion media coverage campaigns thing quarter general public continues rely mainly newspapers television campaign coverage television viewers newspapers degree television impact creating issue oriented campaign pervasive effects campaigning outcome election campaign vital question campaigners spend millions dollars influence voters
important question extent activists issue positions reflect party supporters republican activists consistently held conservative positions republicans electorate general republican activists voters conservative democrats past decades considerable relative issue positions activists partisans ideological character groups similar moderately liberal democratic activists moved sharply left democrats resemble republicans activists ideologically extreme ordinary supporters democrats problem republicans gop activists supporters generally conservative liberal democratic activists faced moderate conservative democrats electorate table differences party issue oriented activists ideological followers compounded substantial internal division activists major parties traditionally activists embarked party concern issues ideological positions professional reasons sought jobs career advancement government contracts short participated largely hopes sharing spoils victory members political machines boss examples activists traditional mold era government workers secure jobs civil service protection candidates selected wide open primary elections party service counts professional incentives party activism greatly diminished recent party activists involved purist reasons issue positions ideology
political institutions legislatures executives courts political parties interest groups differ widely composition actions interests conventionally defined shared attitudes seen interest group represents share attitudes interests expect doctors auto workers firearms enthusiasts develop organizations represent interests american medical association ama united auto workers uaw national rifle association nra strongest interest groups political system mean primary purpose groups need political ama uaw nra originally organized pursue political goals political action absorb efforts today groups developed protect advance common interests individuals concerns professional ama economic uaw recreational nra course goals organizations changed government increasingly entered health labor management firearms policymaking political activity remains secondary concern groups interests nukes freedom shorter workweek extra fringe benefits fewer imported cars stronger national defense goals pursued interest groups endless number diversity goals change adversaries general motors united auto workers unite fight tough pollution standards influx foreign cars goals help determine interest groups act regularities emerge key goal related aspects interest group activity breadth orientation positive governmental involvement
critics american pluralism insist citizens easily policy arenas closed government agencies supposedly set regulate interests actually hand hand interests ward public interference federal regulatory agencies federal trade commission ftc federal communications commission fcc attacked cozy relationships industries supposed regulate interests obtain grants government authority regulate arrangement leaves citizens cold frustrated doctors lawyers professional educators barbers resist nearly regulation imposed citizens fume incompetent doctors dishonest lawyers practicing organizations arrange avoid bargaining competitors government aid highway interests states able establish separate government accounts purposes road building financing mass transit consider department agriculture jurisdiction separate virtually governing units soil conservation districts price support districts run largely farmers bureaucrats closely farmers power block government policies situation unique department agriculture department interior instance characterized collection fiefdoms president jimmy carter secretary interior cecil andrus examples multiplied endlessly competing groups groups succeeded insulating competition situation casts doubt vitality american pluralist democracy political system words openness interest ideals proclaim
earliest known participatory democracy athens century athens pericles socrates vote athenian assembly resolved major policy questions citizens participate separate representative body comparable congress role leadership bureaucracy small true women large slave population excluded citizenship context athens remarkably participatory government centuries governments extensive territory population participatory democracies participatory politics existed largely ideal thinkers turned observed considered miserable despotic results governments ruled citizens political theorists called participatory democracy cost abandoning largemodern recognized futility trying realize ideal nonetheless urged citizen participation political machinery act worked ordinary needs simple acquiescence active participation enthusiasts advance justifications participatory government common oldest participatory democracy emphasis local control widespread participation true democracy kind adopt believe democratic principles advocates participatory politics contend democracy means active citizen involvement government democratic seek encourage involvement maximum extent supporters participatory politics realize sheer size modern precludes giving local participatory assemblies complete power continue insist citizen play larger role making decisions affect
socialist democrats convinced democratic society socialist democracy valuable practical political reason free citizens participate equals decision making processes government social democrats find absurd american political system political systems claims support democratic political equality actually allowing enormous economic inequalities apparently assumption separate economic political spheres socialist democrats deny vigorously declaring realms deeply permanently intertwined believe considerable political equality substantial economic equality fact vote united states note employ money politics count election campaigns interest group process abandon illusion pluralism democracy citizens senses insist economic equality essential prerequisite democratic politics equals strong link economic political equality makes socialist democracy unique democratic theories today occasional participatory democrat populist democrat firmly committed kind linkage socialist democrats stand true socialist democrats contention considerable public ownership control economy essential democracy fact makes democrats socialist democrats declining enthusiasm socialist democrats public ownership economy opposed control peripheral essential point ownership control expect result economy serve general community act major single source human inequality
nation states grouped separate geographic boundaries living political regimes states term synonymously political regime political regime embodies set rules procedures understandings formulate relationship governors governed political regime variety political institutions legislature political party parties bureaucracy mention perform alloted tasks roles involved governance types political regimes institutions carry label find variations roles performance political parties legislatures instance play roles regimes political regime obeys historical cultural economic social international determinants shape political behavior attitude governors governed regimes vary notably stability legitimacy degree institutionalization development substance rules structure relations governors governed theyvary organization political power forms political participation organization articulation interests configuration political rights political variety source pleasure wonder traveler historian herodotus found centuries ago virtual nightmare try put order profusion regimes confusion diferences entail look nicaragua argentina china soviet union solid established democracies england united states switzerland watch military dictatorships succeeding countries find general patterns common characteristics styles enable separate regimes
closed elites stop change block newcomers socioeconomic forms wealth invariably create groups represent forms influence wealth power aristrocracy gave place upper bourgeoise middle classes emerged give place turn groups managerial technical scientific finally class surfaced workers political regimes elite transformation tempo change varies limitations regime establish effectively implement governing elite apparent contradiction question characterizes elite ability preferences stick constraints imply existence external forces impose elite implication power sharing constraints exist operational elitist phenomenon considerably qualified diminished elites sure degree preferences acceptable society awareness elites reactions anticipation reactions unfavorable amount restraint similarly noninstitutionalized forms popular mass reaction strikes demonstrations riots constitute restraint regimes elites operate manifold set institutionalized restraints constraints institutionalized effective existence institutionalization constraints courts elections legislature deal difference elite agree position late nineteenth century russian mexican farmer lived shadow landlord chateau cry respective positions today
command structure comprises numerous officials elected appointed organized numerous agencies power decisions implement issue commands form laws executive orders rules regulations power send army abroad force home tax spend money awesome powers antithetical individual associational freedoms order preserve develop ironclad rules responsibility accountability especially weaken command structure build dams fences obstacles exercise liberty wrote thomas hobbes power cut pieces democracies political regimes command structure carefully circumscribed meticulously surrounded booby traps explode face trespass areas decision making allotted field attempt short cuts making decisions makes discussion command structure democratic regimes difficult fascinating combined ingenuity person writing democracy living democracy preparing democratic constitution applied avert possibility officeholders abuse office powers angels government wrote madison angels need government effort devils sneak impossible prevail impossible task nonetheless worth trying
legislatures free limits constraints deriving constitution internal distribution political forces investigate aspect polity policy french national assembly end war ii produced monumental series reports french military defeat britain royal commissions initiated parliament produced reports changed policies regard welfare health civil service organization recruitment armed forces matters united states investigation game aspect policy investigated reported investigation condition deliberation legislation downright political instrument control funds agency funds raised electoral purposes candidates efficiency defense department awarding defense contracts give opportunity legislature oversee executive branch interfere policy making policy decisions legislation required coming welfare intervention economy legislation increasingly deal specific technical problems discrete social occupational categories result legislative assemblies tendency draft laws provide general statement purpose referred framework law allow administrative agencies put legislation form ordinances executive orders orders council decrees guidelines framework law produced body law administrative law subordinate legislation
virtually political parties western industrially advanced societies began display characteristic began lose ideological character brokers society progressive industrialization divided social professional occupational interest groups umbrella organizations encompassing interests points view evolved catchall parties process began resemble offered supermarkets labels reality selling delicacies customers reasons development remarkable post war ii economic growth reduced social class distinctions growing diversity working class layers skills incomes gradually lifestyles developed class longer synonymous party attachments voting remarkable mobility individuals living western societies resulted weakening sectionalisms shaping undifferentiated body citizens pretty concerns interests expectations political parties reacted change accommodated point differences party platforms longer quest victory polls gaining governmental power issue catchall parties appealed general terms interests heartfelt ideologies concerns longer party effective vehicle expression parties increasingly unable represent points view interests sides attempting represent
british electoral system zealand australia india canada primaries cited system represses minority parties party candidate crosses post wins disappear french electoral system penalizes minorities drastically promotes formation coalitions system shown table involves stages stage number candidates run designated electoral districts candidate wins percent winner deputies elected ballot leaving seats undecided week ballot cast undecided districts candidates received percent registered voters electoral district ballot allowed law run virtually eliminates small middle sized party candidates percent registered voters amounts percent votes cast candidates major parties run fact run major parties candidates reciprocal agreements advance pool votes ballot communist withdraw favor socialist candidate gaullist withdraw favor candidate union french democracy smaller parties eliminated arrange socialist gaullist districts ballot french call duel rival candidates rival party blocs
neocorporatist practices bring private public sectors deliberations consultation decision making nationalizations divest private organizations interests property freedom decision assumes direct ownership operation major industries compensates owners property manages behalf public modes management vary statist bureaucratic directed controlled agencies provide management autonomy instances management decisions investment growth production employment wage policies set profit making company instances management operate terms public policy considerations set government england france italy part democracies extensive nationalizations england major effort labour government bank england coal production air transportation electricity gas land transportation iron steel nationalized british steel corporation took steel producing firms accounted total production million tons steel nationalizations extended north sea oil atomic energy partial nationalization rolls royce leyland automobile production france waves nationalizations occurred liberation france involved partial comprehensive nationalization coal renault automobiles aircraft production air transportation railroads atomic energy electricity gas insurance companies course bank france wave socialist government elected june
models authoritarian totalitarian regimes distinct familiar hobbes leviathan rousseau social contract trace authoritarianism totalitarianism hobbes argued absolute authority order guarantee security persons property allow pursue interests peace hand rousseau argued direct governance popular participation mobilization proclaimed collective capacity infallible absolute claim order security autocratic origins authoritarianism claim popular sovereignity infallibility democratic origins totalitarianism rousseauian democratic origins totalitarianism hobbesian autocratic origins authoritarianism account degree vocabulary totalitarianism employs vocabulary terms democracies sovereignty representation individual rights representative assemblies responsibility accountability establishes democratic institutions elections referendums parliamentary government political party vehicle governance form totalitarian regimes democratic substance governance organized minority political party knows limitations power bears accountability regard democratic forms individual rights authoritarian regimes hand assert autocratic traits dispensing democratic vocabulary altogether authority obedience proclaimed positive values authoritarian regimes political party weak subservient
cpsu makes effort mobilize voters voting booth vote want show approval accused absenteeism feel intimidated election national holiday benefits derived show support process organized cpsu support consolidate image power competition choice democratic elections cpsu fact chooses representatives electorate circumstances soviets elected executive councils choose creatures cpsu formal trimmings election representativeness hide hard core single party rule ussr federal form noted earlier federalism designed democracies divide limit political power appears case soviet constitution union republics comprise voluntary union ussr sovereign soviets council ministers secede powers exist federal confederal system enter relations states conclude treaties exchange diplomatic consular representatives part international organizations article effort soviet writers show progressive advanced form russian federalism government ethnic cultural linguistic groups soviet union thirty major federalism government sovereign autonomous units understanding power invade
economic rights paid vacations education health care open bolshevik revolution took place claimed ushered economic democracy substantive economic rights guarantees provided political democracies emphasis equality material satisfactions political freedoms opportunities constitution comprehensive listing rights article citizens ussr including choose trade profession type job accordance inclinations abilities training education due account needs society ensured socialist economic system citizens ussr rest leisure citizens ussr health protection ensured free qualified medical care provided health institutions citizens ussr maintenance age sickness event complete partial disability loss breadwinner doubt economic rights expanded cover provide greater number services planned housing construction tenth plan sufficient accommodate million construction target healthy care free guaranteed hospital beds regional variation availability health care education greatly expanded million students grades higher levels students receive stipends tied academic performance retirement benefits nursing homes health care resorts administered directly trade unions
nazis fascists supported middle lower middle class strata received generous support elite groups military landowners bankers industrialists contrast communist movements turned workers underprivileged peasantry support type nature support direct bearing organization political power nazism fascism communism case nazism fascism political power stemmed alliance elite groups middle lower classes noted alliances created reciprocal restraints nazis fascists able overcome remained bound forces supported destroy centers economic power maintained capitalist structure defended property owning classes contrast communist party appealing workers poor able mobilize politics beginning limits totalist reach nazis totalitarian regime face powerful enclaves times difficult penetrate occupy occupy neighboring countries hand communists enemies easier deal nazism fascism germany italy primarily political revolutions communist revolutions political economic called total restructuring political loyalties economic relationships basic difference lies ideologies projected communism egalitarian universalistic ideology based rational propositions addressed resolution social economic problems order satisfy human imperatives freedom individual dignity equality economic
purpose competence give account institutions ideology modernization strategies china yugoslavia concerned phenomenon crisis china embedded crisis regime power aspirations totalitarian control copied soviet institutional mechanisms order integrate modernize society crisis due strategies modernization remain unresolved maoist ideology undermined continue undermine institutional consolidation china problems fully understood discussed background chinese history society space allow communist regime republic china formally established october thirty later leadership trying consolidate regime establish political institutions policy priorities deliberated agreed implemented noted earlier institutionalization development stable widely accepted legitimized political organizations authoritative decisions goal realized china contrast soviet union striking decade internal conflicts higher levels communist party stalin rise power consolidation soviet institutions achieved bureaucracy expanded role army powerful ancillary force communist party party small elite tightened hold rank file population gradullay centers loyalty power subordinated party soviet agriculture industry centralized planning centralized controls adopted
thoroughgoing corporatist authoritarian regime portugal roughly constitution effect proclaimed portugal republican corporative professor howard wiarda points excellent book subject corporatism provided political integration control degree participation social services republican institutions consisted national assembly limited powers elected slate candidates elections handpicked top leadership prime minister council ministers president republic military figurehead maintained links army units local government provinces districts municipalities parishes councils officials appointed top supports regime leadership provided number organizations established prime minister council ministers national union movement party strong corporatist political ideology membership small open comprised local bosses bureaucrats notables activists ideologues provided network contacts population segments population government dispensed favors served marginally agency recruitment leadership positions national union operated agency party carry message leadership disseminate policy cues knit interests groups
institutions political regimes adapt conditions adjust constraints opportunities regard adaptability argue democracies function authoritarian totalitarian regimes democracies institutional framework amount revolutionary reallocation powers services statement democracies agree disagree makes point democracies agree translating disagreements policies side majority wins minority lines clearly drawn incremental compromises argued book room adjustment compromise change experimentation democracy polity polity constitution basic rules constitution history democracies shows conclusively england scandinavian countries united states vast political participation voting rights powers directly elected legislative assemblies role political parties allocation powers central government states federal systems central government local units changing regime significantly basic structural economic societal policies nationalization industries france england development welfare economic planning enormous expansion education health care took place democratic regimes put negatively necessitate change regime totalitarian authoritarian regimes similar let hypothetically case authoritarian regime free elections introduces reforms consistent criteria democracy discussed chapter
difficulties evaluating political regimes terms performance difficulties judging normative terms greater ago aristotle pointed purpose political regime mere material satisfaction mere functionality purpose provide words administered judged terms criteria freedom equality abundance order protection justice happiness agree regimes authoritarian set normative goals attained future totalitarian communist regimes democratic regimes share large ultimate goals bring individual freedom give opportunities realize talents build cooperation peace set goals regime infuse values political institutions structures accord goals give meaning goals operative democracies communist regimes considerable times disparity ultimate goals operative institutions practices democracies strong linkages equal rights equal opportunities hand equality living conditions income truth argument democracies free homeless hungry communist totalitarian regimes blatantly links political individual freedoms material equalities committed guarantee material equalities exist preserved
live business business works hard provide need buy businesses furniture stores sell goods businesses television repair shops sell service businesses steel companies products sold companies working hard provide need business working hard going business continue operate makes profit business profit pay wages employees pay bills wise business decisions help owners business managers profit business grow help business decisions need lot information accounting data processing workers help information business activities begin exchange goods services money exchange called business transaction millions transactions place pay cafeteria cashier lunch business transaction parents write check pay telephone bill part business transaction business pays employees business transaction think business transactions family local business part blanks list started write accounting data processing begin business transaction makes record transaction slip paper printed cash register record transaction store clerk fills sales slip sales slip transaction record
wanda takes general accounting section order credit section section responsible special accounting records reports complete general accounting section receives money data cashier payroll clerks accounts receivable clerks purchasing agents employees enter accounting records accounting records special names journals registers accounts ledgers offices records reports processed computers data processing department information accounting records prepared workers job title accounting clerk accounting clerks sure figures entered computer records system checking part accounting system help accounting clerks forms calculators wanda emphasized accounting clerks special job title accounts payable clerk collect information bill check accuracy prepare payment accountant supervises accounting clerks accounts payable clerks accountant prepares reports needed department managers company executives making decisions entire department supervision general accounting manager stop tour employee lounge pleasant room office employees rest breaks office employees breaks breaks planned workers department answer telephones care important walk office services department jobs departments
dreamed job present high school wasn sure wanted took college preparatory program college graduation things didn left college semester difficulty finding job plenty office jobs didn qualify completed personal typewriting course typing skill office jobs weeks found job general clerk firm gave week training handling forms procedures learned adding machine calculator job took evening course clerical record keeping helped liked general clerk job salary meet expenses thought changing jobs job knew school decided look job pay support allow college part friend told security guard job manufacturing plant told company paid college tuition employees enrolled career development plan opportunity needed applied job enrolled part college took courses business security job pleasant company giving business experience wanted needed months later learned opening accounts payable clerk
definitions term business study business learn successful businesses things common provide product service need want needs wants satisfied help businesses need employees jobs businesses need operate profit successful businesses wasteful consistently spend money learn business business experience experience simple business venture involve lot lot money help learn takes place businesses paper route mowing lawns working summers part school weekends store restaurant organizing car wash helping school club sell magazines business experiences want add experiences meantime let kinds business experiences friends project page asks list business experiences begin career investigation completing project describing business experiences story give insights careers business involves students attend high school joint business venture real importance taught basic things business important
weeks lot things happen fruit bars ordered arrive partners mike suggests don think eat couple bars sure sample ok says sue let sure track eat account records pearl looks boxes notices box bars damaged wrappers mike agrees send ask replacements sue buys notebook write amount money started record money spend operate business notebook costs pearl buys paints brushes posterboard advertising posters spends bill tries buy forms summarize information brought find wants decides forms businesses special paper columns numbers costs mike bought envelopes paper stamps materials supplies cost soon sales begin pearl posters students school want buy bars students tried fruit bars tell friends weeks business partners sell fruit bars sue takes money pays bills keeps record transaction
class visited electronics firm field trip remarks pearl learned lot business difficult ask questions difficult hear person giving tour saying visit business find runs makes successful suggests bill project pick kind business visit later find learned idea says sue vacation coming soon visits going find visit business responds mike willing plan follow kind businesses going visit want bank says sue pearl says learn big businesses handle advertising think visit advertising agency manufacturing company edge town says mike interstate highway insurance company building built asks bill choice inside place looking building don insurance companies think re set observes sue kinds businesses learn fun learn important things businesses visits ready talk
jobs found data handled punched cards electronic machines large business united states canada punched cards computers business computer handle data quickly correctly data processing jobs kind business jobs found banks stores city fire departments hospitals united states navy army air force schools punched cards record classes grades students school punched cards records data processing jobs found united states canada jobs found cities suburbs jobs data processing centers data centers rooms workers process data punched cards electronic machines jobs data centers learn jobs visit centers visit learn begin learn machines invited visit data center city bank visit learn job titles center learn tasks workers machines mrs sally chavez visit data center job title manager data processing meet sally bank lobby floor sally explains care business bank data center floor
operators putting tape information customers deposited money bank punched cards tapes machines print information needed later leave room sally tells tape library room high shelf filled reels magnetic tape room looks illustration meet tape librarian job important worker files finds tapes stored library tapes found needed workers wait found makes lose important leave room tape librarian give reel tape control clerk enter computer room control clerk place table tapes tape library tapes table groups machines room side room computer operators machine side room worker standing machines job title person peripheral equipment operator worker operates machines facts ready computer facts leave room comes carrying bag size small suitcase talking computer operators walks machine takes cover looks inside repairs machines job title customer service engineer
run machines data center spent working machines connected cables computer called line machines line machines computer operators team line machines ready computer operator runs computer starts stops machines machines run line card reader card reader called input machine called puts computer data takes punched cards card reader easy run place punched cards machine set controls cards job finished machine run line printer connected computer easy set printer putting paper putting settings controls set printer computer runs printer print words numbers paper machine print checks pay bills company machine print orders supplies business printer called output machine receives data computer printer continuous feed paper set printer remember put paper kind paper job print reports printed plain paper special forms print checks
word secretary think modern office visited office relatives works office saw tv kinds businesses need services secretaries think secretaries able places places interesting secretaries needed professional ball clubs musical theatrical groups church groups clubs labor unions government offices field needs secretaries word secretary means secretarial worker secretary handles large number details employer important business matters business office part team successful employer knows secretary important member business team employer secretary helpful employee book meet working secretaries find secretarial family occupations begin understand secretarial career interesting rewarding kinds workers secretarial field secretarial jobs group family occupations secretarial family important business today secretaries employers important decisions personal contacts bring business firm travel paths book secretaries needed needed future
women office typing checking papers office machines busy place office attractive modern equipment carpeted bright looks friendly happy office visit accounting department large room employees supervisors women working bills paid handling checks received numbers department consider department belong accounting family occupations employees typing reports letters head department secretary secretary prepares reports makes appointments handles telephone calls keeps flow going boss departments hall data processing department workers machines handle facts figures faster person guide tells department machines print payroll checks company minutes machines employees hours number checks machines department called computers computers supply facts needed important decisions quickly department belong data processing family occupations family occupations interesting notice data processing department secretary data processing workers need help send help word processing center
wanted office remember high school took business class fit schedule senior high school business teacher asked hours high school office yes knew chance office skills working student helper impressed office run miss hall secretary charge working school office asked information school knew answer knew find miss hall worked principal school typed dictation gave set appointments parents teachers administrators miss hall duties included ordering supplies office equipment making monthly attendance reports responsible working office quiet things running smoothly addition miss hall high school office full employee employee stenographer working office worker began student helper assigned help david stenographer worked hours busy hours assignment answer telephone give messages ask questions days learned smoothly asked type short notices students teachers
retail businesses buy goods directly manufacturers wholesalers sell goods consumers retail businesses found retail variety stores drugstores record stores supermarkets clothing stores auto parts stores shoe stores hardware stores bakeries found downtown large cities neighborhood shopping centers small towns job retail businesses products need want buy variety goods pass wholesale retail businesses endless look room dozens things handled wholesale retail businesses wholesalers buy goods large quantities store goods condition sold retailer case food wholesalers need refrigerated storage areas special containers food spoiling wholesaler buys thousands units producer sells twelve dozen retailer dozen producers generally want sell small quantities wholesalers help retailers extending credit buy goods retailers generally handle greater variety goods wholesalers retail store notice variety goods shoppers easier shoppers find want retail stores arrange goods common groupings put sale buying retailer buying wholesaler common groupings goods groupings food clothing automotive products hardware home furnishings
section quick inside view marketing businesses begin learn jobs found marketing purpose illustration tour snowcap mountain community marketing businesses snowcap round residents winter population swells snowcap main business recreation snowcap ski stop tour costello food wholesaling company costello foods found edge snowcap close interstate highway railroad runs costello foods soon highway railroad important building larger schools square feet floor space office front building warehouse rear let inside costello owner general manager company greet short tour showing important parts business starts sales office group salespeople offices job visit grocery stores supermarkets area find goods needed stores working closely sales office buying office team wholesale buyers works wholesale buyers buy food producers information gathered salespeople customers need walk warehouse receiving area products ordered wholesale buyers received products arrive truck train
enjoyed travel child family trip summer lived midwest travel car part country traveled lakes fishing swimming boating drove mountains hiking backpacking camping traveled ocean able swim hunt sea shells sail yacht pleasant memories trips trips important spent spare winter months planning wrote places information planning trips parents thought idea vacations enjoyable interesting discovered places write travel information wrote resorts lodges vacation ranches letters travel agencies city chambers commerce contacted steamship companies airlines railroads bus companies travel counselors tour planners working organizaions willing send pamphlets pamphlets designed encourage resort city vacation times remember influenced material received days interested travel high school student trips places friends relatives asked report school subjects tried relate travel spare money spent items travel luggage camera equipment camping gear
march constitutional tax incomes date present tax statutes enacted significant enactments period january income wage earners subject pay withholding method collecting federal income taxes source prior wage earners payment income taxes tax income earned paid pay withholding method collecting income taxes employers required withhold wages employees amounts designed approximate actual income tax liability accordance wages earned withholding allowances claimed income tax withheld employee wages paid employer commercial bank designated depositary federal reserve bank employees apply amount withheld wages payment income tax file annual income tax return withholding method collecting income taxes source number advantages viewpoint government steady flow cash forthcoming collections assured wage earners current basis viewpoint wage earner withheld tax comparatively financial hardship need large amount money tax previously problem objection withholding method tax painless citizens fully aware amount contribute cost government annual income tax return filed
exemption withholding claimed taxpayer line form front employee owe federal income tax full refund income tax withheld expect owe federal income tax current expects full refund income tax withheld employee claim exemption withholding income tax employee enters word exempt line form question full student answered yes exemption applies federal income taxes change responsibility employer withhold social security taxes provision claim exemption withholding especially helpful individuals students short periods summer earn comparatively small amounts school special provision income tax withheld wages likely end tax liability income tax withheld file income tax return claim refund income tax logically withheld place form claiming exemption withholding filed employers desired income tax liability preceding anticipated current employer withhold income taxes employees claimed exemption federal income tax withholding employer choice withhold
scholarships fellowship grants excluded gross income limitations depending taxpayer degree candidate excludable amounts payments primarily education training taxpayer payments excluded compensation past present future services studies research primarily grantor benefit excluded payments scholarships generally amounts paid allowed benefit student educational organization aid pursuit studies excluded payments fellowships generally amounts paid allowed benefit individual aid pursuit study research individual degree candidate limitation amount scholarship fellowship grant excluded gross income individual degree candidate amount received scholarship fellowship including services accommodations provided excluded gross income times number months amounts received grant tax limitation months specific scholarships fellowships research awards excluded gross income participants armed forces health professions scholarship program enter professional schools exclude income amounts received program december amounts received national research service awards end qualify excludable scholarships addition amount included income discharge student loans government local government partly wholly forgiven prior january student works job graduation
form individual income tax return page simplified return designed primarily wage earners form filed large numbers taxpayers form result smaller tax form wage earners tax regardless return form advantage deductions status lost form resulting higher income tax form form filed taxpayers taxable income taxable income consist entirely wages salaries tips interest dividends unemployment compensation adjustments income taxpayers deduct determine adjusted gross income individual retirement arrangements ira payments deduction married couple special allowance portion charitable contributions amount allowable exemptions deducted determine taxable income credits taxpayers claim form determination amount owed refund partial credit political contributions credit child dependent care expenses earned income credit election file tax return form properly executing filing form attached copies forms received employers taxable form filed internal revenue service due date taxpayer return form elected form tax table compute tax means taxable income line form
taxpayers form permitted line deduct charitable contributions maximum contributions married individual filing separately number exemptions entered line form multiplied line total amount exemptions allowable part charitable contributions subtracted adjusted gross income determine amount taxable income line amount income tax determined reference tax table amount entered line form credits payments claimed lines form tax laws provide incentives taxpayers financially support political candidates parties half amount political contribution help pay campaign expenses candidates public office political party newsletter funds candidates elected public officials subtracted credit income tax credit separate return joint return married taxpayer amount credit political contributions exceed amount income tax credit claimed line form political contribution contribution gift money committee association group incorporated organized operated exclusively purpose influencing attempting influence nomination election individuals candidates nomination election federal local elective public office contributions calendar qualify candidates involved announced candidacies end calendar
william fisher clerk age lori fisher part teller age married taxpayers filing joint return elected file form child marian fisher age fully supported reside south elm street chicago il fisher social security number mrs fisher fisher form instruction sheet mailed automatically irs automatic data processing system model filled form william lori fisher calendar illustrated pages schedule form illustrated pages fishers entered taxpayer identification page form checked squares election designate presidential election campaign fund squares checked filing status married filing joint return eligibility exemptions fisher mrs fisher marian fishers income wages subject withholding totaled shown payroll information bottom page gross wages amounts federal income tax fica tax withheld reported forms wage tax statements fisher carried group term insurance cents month total withheld partial payment premium balance paid employer net amount wages received fishers totaled gross wages reported
basic form individual income tax return designed according building block concept individual taxpayers add forms schedules form report details specific types events relate situation disclosed additional forms schedules relate taxpayer filed unit discusses number additional forms schedules support form tax provisions govern emphasized worksheets provided gross income inclusions determination adjusted gross income interest dividend income reported page form total interest income reported line total dividend income reported line amount interest income received interest received savers certificate interest received listed amount payer part interest income schedule amount gross dividends received including capital gains distributions stock distributions qualified reinvested dividends public utility excluded dividends received listed amount payer part ii dividend income schedule addition questions part iii foreign accounts foreign trusts answered taxpayer received interest dividends taxpayer foreign account grantor transferor foreign trust interest income totaling amount received savers certificate listed separately payer part interest income schedule illustrated page
dividend paid stock corporation transferred trust company paid cash taxpayer accordance written instructions shareholder signed joining plan authorizing automatic reinvestment dividends fractional shares purchased plan cash invested trustee retain custody shares taxpayer shares transferred shareholder shareholder desires periodic statements provided shareholder trustee showing transactions relevant data plans trustee service fee operating plan brokerage commissions amounts incurred making purchase paid shareholder corporation dividends stocks reinvested dividend reinvestment plan reported taxpayer income tax return schedule line received cash addition service charge brokerage commission paid corporation shareholder trated additional dividend income taxpayer added dividend amounts reported annually taxpayer information return form div taxpayer itemizes deductions amount service charge paid included dividend income claimed itemized deduction schedule line identified dividend reinvestment service charge amount brokerage commission cost paid taxpayer included dividend income added cost basis shares purchased plan
persons payments interest totaling person receive payments interest nominees responsible reporting payments information return form int illustrated filed includes total amount payment address payee requirement information returns assumes interest payments reported total end reporting transactional basis allowed financial institutions brokers middlemen copy information return furnished payees january calendar payments totaling information reporting records sufficient create data base future reporting responsibility employers plan administrators issuers insurance annuity contracts information required sufficient identify total amounts distribution accumulated deductible employee contributions nondeductible employee contributions capital gains ordinary income relating designated distributions requirements brokers file information returns regarding capital gains reinforced transactions beginning reporting gross proceeds required alternative addition reporting profit loss securities commodity brokers dealers transactions customers beginning employer provide employee statement names employer employee additional amount allocated employer employee tips tip income reported employee employer total receipts food lounge sales lesser percentage shown average tip rate
secretarial clerical jobs largest groups jobs administrative support occupations family occupations family occupations family ways person family related things common person ways family occupations group jobs alike ways jobs begin learn understood individually word secretary think office relatives works office shown television kinds organizations need services secretaries secretaries needed professional ball clubs musical theatrical groups church groups social clubs labor unions government offices field needs secretaries secretary handles large number details office employer important business matters secretary performs office tasks taking care mail keeping records typing letters answering telephone office machines taking dictation shorthand skill needed secretaries trend increasing dictating word processing equipment secretary employer important office team office workers hold clerical jobs called office clerks find office clerks operate machines greet callers answer telephones open deliver mail type reports deliver messages clerical workers employed special areas office accounting data processing
clerks department check names numbers policies records sure information correct clerks department need information insurance policy remote computer terminal remote computer terminal similar small television set connected wire company main computer question typed typewriter keyboard terminal answer printed screen display lot information needed clerks department stored computer paper filing cabinets hold information removed office claims department clerical jobs paying claims soon making sure amount paid important jobs claims clerks workers department file cabinets typewriters calculators computer terminals room records management department department called centralized filing important papers interest department filed important records place employees department easily find record document want records management department library check papers books workers department store letters forms types business papers filing cabinets special shelves special records equipment needs information file clerks records clerks department look files shelves scan equipment find
didn bored tasks job offered challenge job gave money buy clothes secondhand car transportation looks comfort days felt job stenographers promoted secretaries fact executive secretary president firm company looking job wonder real fun spent hours days week realizing enjoyment person find job enjoy going thought say opportunity supervisor called office sure ability shown wanted improve job explained company going change stenographic department word processing center install text editing typewriters supervisor company planned set jobs word processing center call wpc short company going change efficient system supervisor told interested company pay classes learn text editing typewriters guarantee job wanted
historically major needs accounting education high school level prepare students initial entry level employment basic need changed study high school accounting step preparing accounting career completion high school accounting sufficient occupational preparation entry level accounting jobs assure accounting program meets career preparation needs students teachers date employment trends projections excellent sources career information dictionary occupational titles occupational outlook handbook published federal government publications provide valuable career information accounting teachers share students school counselors entry level jobs workers obtain experience job titles duties educational requirements entry level jobs accounting vary depending level responsiblility locality size business career ladder illustrate jobs person move career illustration shows typical career ladder accounting career ladder steps represent jobs students completion high school accounting completing high school accounting students qualify steps career ladder accounting study high school qualifies students entry level positions top career ladder steps advancement level jobs persons advance gaining experience additional training person remains entry level job depends person job accounting employee entry level job considered advancement experience gained
learning outcomes term short term goals objectives communicated students prior beginning learning process defining communicating learning outcomes sequential program goals introduced class period beginning part unit instruction students introduced general behavioral goals goals relate program goals students provided terminal performance objectives part unit presenting terminal performance objectives students provided enabling performance tasks segments accounting covered phase learning lesson subsequent class period part unit students presented learning outcomes enabling performance tasks prior beginning learning activities learning principles describe conditions influence learning teaching methods involve application learning principles achieve predetermined learning outcomes teaching methods accounting emphasize spiral approach learning segment learning builds prior learning spiral approach students move simple complex known unknown instruction course organized allow completion accounting cycle times businesses accounting cycle involve business requires simplest set accounting procedures small service business organized sole proprietorship requires simpler accounting procedures small merchandising business organized partnership accounting cycle repeated business procedures added learning additive accounting cycle
purpose game review accounting terminology prepare list terms definitions flash cards term side definition opposite side divide class groups line facing opposite sides room ask student alternating group define term provide term definition mix terms definitions game award point providing term points providing definition students sit incorrect answer definition bee run number minutes teacher determines purpose met team points winner purpose game review reinforce analysis selected transactions debit credit parts prepare list transactions transparency sheet paper divide class groups line facing opposite sides room ask student alternating group analyze transaction debit credit parts students sit incorrect answer group class member standing winner purpose terminology scramble review reinforce accounting terminology prepare grid multiple copies future generally grid sufficient terminology scrambles arrange accounting terms grid vertically horizontally diagonally write letters term succession grid squares desired number terms grid fill blank squares alphabetic letters complete squares grid
automatic transmission takes power engine fluid connection coupling fluid automatic transmissions special oil called automatic transmission fluid atf short fluid coupling consists main parts impeller turbine figure impeller bolted engine flywheel turbine impeller drives transmission input shaft transmission input shaft connects turbine gears impeller turbine resemble fans blades vanes face fan impeller turns forces air vanes fan turbine air passing vanes fan turn fluid coupling impeller forces liquid air vanes turbine impeller turns engine speed forces liquid vanes turbine turbine turns turns transmission input shaft input shaft turns gears gears turn output shaft output shaft turns driveline fluid coupling large amount power lost impeller turn faster turbine condition called slippage slip help eliminate slip smaller turbine part impeller turbine part stator engine rotation directs fluid impeller blades turbine blades fluid flow reversed reversed fluid flow works rotation impeller decreases impeller efficiency correct reversed fluid flow condition stator figure turbine impeller
start front transmission housing connects engine droplight figure check leaks reach bare hand top housing feel dampness damage fingertips lightly sharp edges check entire transmission housing cracks damage check slip joint enters transmission housing leaks rear portion transmission called extension housing leak area worn extension housing seal bushing leak transmission housing connect separate part leak hole housing result casting porosity casting porosity shown figure result improper manufacturing procedures casting porosity repairable discussed leaks bolt hole screw control device shake transmission hard move inspect transmission mounts figure loose bolts damage transmission linkage controlled floor shifter column shifter figure linkage rod lever type cable wipe linkage rag remove road dirt look linkage sure safety glasses worn removing road dirt floor shift linkage checked vehicle linkage consists rod levers mount left side transmission housing shake linkage gently sure excessively loose look places linkage pivots part
gearshift linkage steering column shifters operated series rods levers models cars cable linkage pawl quadrant connects tube runs steering column arm welded tube connected cable shown figure cable moves lever arm connected manual valve gearshift linkage floor shifters rod lever system cable system rod lever assembly fewer parts shift lever mounted floor figure cables shift linkage turned bent tight places cables found smaller vehicles cable connects directly shift lever manual valve arm lever transmission case figure accelerator pedal depressed hard automatic transmission shift lower gear accomplished form throttle kickdown linkage linkage operated rod lever system cable electrically kickdown linkages systems create downshift figure kickdown systems activated pressure accelerator throttle pedal accelerator pedal depressed cable attached pedal pulled end cable attached linkage side carburetor throttle opened predetermined setting kickdown rod acts downshift throttle valve transmission throttle valve increases fluid pressure transmission create downshift
coolers similar hot atf torque converter direct intercooler heat exchanger hot atf cooled liquid air cooled fluid returned transmission fluid flow torque converter cooler valve shown figure internal coolers installed factory modern vehicles equipped automatic transmissions heated transmission fluid travels torque converter engine radiator small internal cooler located inside engine radiator cooled transmission fluid returned transmission lubrication circuit internal cooler system illustrated figure internal cooler sufficient heavy loads vehicle engine heats heat transferred cooling system engine coolant engine coolant reach temperatures degrees degrees conditions internal transmission cooler transfer heat coolant fact heat transferred hotter coolant atf causing overheat high engine temperatures expected towing external transmission cooler addition place internal cooler external transmission cooler lines direct fluid transmission external cooler mounted engine radiator front line passes internal cooler begin cooling atf returning directly automatic transmission fluid passes external cooler atf reaches external radiator cooled air flowing front vehicle
planetary gearset controlled holding driving devices called apply devices apply device holds drives parts planetary system depending apply device activated member planetary gearset driven member held kinds apply devices apply devices activated hydraulic pressure apply mechanical force planetary gear system hold members sections describe operation apply devices multiple disc clutch consists series friction discs plates sandwiched steel discs figure number friction discs steel discs determined load transmission expected handle heavy duty transmissions discs friction discs rough gripping surfaces steel discs smooth surfaces discs enclosed round clutch housing drum attached member planetary gearset friction discs lugged splined driving member driven member planetary assembly lugs called splines teeth dogs steel discs lugged clutch drum clutch drum lugged input shaft piston inside drum presses clutch plates firmly pressure plate return spring inside piston retracts piston release clutch plates automatic transmission fluid pressure operates multiple disc clutch assembly fluid pressure pushes piston compress return spring force clutch plates pressure plate friction discs steel discs compressed pressure plate discs input shaft drum rotate unit clutch pack released fluid flow stopped
disassembly reassembly apply devices planetary gearsets mechanical parts automatic transmission covered overhaul sections refer units important part overhaul knowing identify worn damaged parts sections cover cleaning inspection mechanical parts transmission unit guide overhaul multiple disc clutch assemblies similar disassembly clean parts friction discs fresh solvent seals replaced multiple disc clutch shown figure parts clutch assembly defective replaced procedures inspect parts clutch assembly steel clutch plates discolored scored distorted damaged lugs plates replaced individually recommendations replaced set idea rough shiny surface steel plates grit sandpaper roughness give steel plates gripping surface friction clutch plates automatically replaced transmission low mileage check friction plates looking damage wear discoloration friction plates soaked atf minutes clutch assembly pressure plate checked steel clutch plates cracks discoloration mean pressure plate bad piston return springs set coils belleville spring belleville spring cupped metal disc fingers pointing open center portion
manufacturers valve bodies internal parts vehicles needs beginning check manufacturer service manual drawings photographs valve body parts locations valve body attached lower part transmission inside oil pan refer manufacturer service manual specific valve body removal instructions procedure guide removing valve bodies safely raise vehicle hoist safety glasses drain oil remove oil pan remove transmission filter screen remove gearshift kickdown throttle linkage loosen valve body attaching screws starting edges working center rotate driveline align parking gear internal linkage clearance remove valve body place clean washing container cases vacuum modulator loosened removed valves inside valve body bores operate thousandths inch hundredths millimeter clearance smallest speck dirt contamination valve bind stick scratch bore valve body servicing spotlessly clean tools area hands clean vise hold valve body transfer plate disassembly reassembly slightest distortion aluminum valve body transfer plate result sticking valves leakage removing installing valves plugs carefully slide force general procedure disassemble valve body
basic problems found corrections proceeding tests transmission problems identified preliminary troubleshooting procedures transmission adequate fluid order operate properly insufficient fluid lead low pressures hydraulic system shifting problems fluid clean uncontaminated metal particles friction materials engine coolant fluid basic problems transmission leak caused faulty gasket seal simply loose bolts oil pan transmissions engine vacuum help control shift transmission metal tube rubber vacuum hoses ends connects intake manifold control unit transmission control unit called vacuum modulator vacuum control diaphragm figure ford motor company transmissions dual diaphragm vacuum control shown figure synthetic rubber cloth diaphragm inside vacuum modulator reacts engine vacuum diaphragm moves controls movement pushrod valve inside transmission pushrod valve controls modulates throttle pressure units adjustment vary vacuum move diaphragm broken leaking disconnected vacuum lines prevent vacuum modulator operating correctly addition engine vacuum leak engine vacuum leak engine run roughly lead engine damage leaking diaphragm allow transmission fluid sucked intake manifold burned engine produce clouds dense bluish smoke exhaust lower fluid level transmission rapidly
road testing involves driving vehicle check transmission operation properly conducted road test mechanic apply devices operating apply devices multiple disc clutches bands overrunning clutches road test checks slippage harsh delayed shifting shifts incorrect road speed slippage means transmission connection engine power erratic engine speeds vehicle speed engine speed engine power friction transmission creating heat damaging clutches bands road test procedures discussed road test enables mechanic determine apply devices working properly slipping band detected question ask caused band slip problem mechanical improper band adjustment worn friction lining low hydraulic pressure caused band slip wear valve valve body stuck leaking replacing worn band solve problem sticking valve found replaced band soon slip wear pressure test checks hydraulic pressures transmission gauges attached transmission transmission shifted specific gear engine run recommended speed pressure readings recorded pressure readings reveal problems oil pump governor throttle circuits pressure test openings ports located transmission case figure removing plug fitting screwed port pressure gauge connects fitting figure addition tachometer vacuum gauge required
business education roots apprenticeship system ancient times young boy worked master acquired skill mold chalice shape wheel cast accounts education business times learning masses times limited necessities survival extreme privileged learned tutelage scholar philosopher place classical education mundane topics commerce craft skills aristotle pointed practical education unbefitting freemen printing press inexpensive paper period reformation education masses conceived wells written intellectual entered vigorous phase ceased trickle mind mind broad flood thousands presently scores hundreds thousands minds participated education colonial america incorporated mass education concept special reason early settlers seeking freedom worship pleased felt education religious duty person reasoned learn read order participate religious parents morally compelled teach children read educational firsts england massachusetts credited birth mass education america patterns european education persisted latin grammar schools offering classical education elite prevailed apprenticeship system continued job skills learned liberalization curriculum including offering bookkeeping history commerce franklin academy
brookings report gave support joint council economic education organized provide advice assistance school officials teachers interested teaching economics schools national task force economic education credit active campaign strengthen economic education group certainly lion share jcee influence grown councils jcee headquarters york works councils centers colleges universities cooperating school systems country upgrade programs materials present future teachers economics disciplines levels education business education represented jcee board directors directors centers decades council provided consulting service workshops teachers curriculum development seminars wealth teaching materials audiovisual aids nbea jcee join forces providing services publications significant publication decades partnership economic education lead nea commission reorganization secondary education charles kettering foundation appointed national commission reform secondary education examine condition methods products secondary education america commission report brown questioned innovative instructional methods tried fifty nea commission statement cardinal principles kettering commission statement goals secondary education widely publicized statement purposes included content goals process goals
fact departments contribute total program economic education underscores need cooperation articulation coordinate entire effort business educators initiative acquaint administrators guidance counselors parents curriculum specialists contribution basic business education economic education business educators strongly feel general business vehicle curriculum accomplish personal economic goals provide introduction societal economic concepts general business required student systems able accomplish notable seattle began early fifties require general business ninth grade students nanassy restated position business educators decades curriculum general business advocated studied high school students enrollment statistics testify wishful thinking reality substantial agreement general business business nonbusiness students let hope decades ahead required course widely elected virtually student prior graduation high school shown elective courses poor drawing power percent high schools jersey offered course economics percent student body took course alexander greatest handicap implementing basic business requirement crowded curriculum reluctance departments practice reciprocity granting credit learning accomplished
unify reader consideration ability differences helpful examine profile sketches students basic business teacher find classroom read cases mental note kinds differences need consider planning unit banking services general business class amanda girl community attending remaining grade country schools moved town parents finally gave trying farm grown food poor handled cash amanda father unskilled unemployed family lives unemployment compensation end soon amanda intelligence quotient socioeconomic background certainly classifies disadvantaged amanda helped farm employed wages reading grade reads assigned shy friends surroundings plans drop school job soon tom son president local bank community considers family wealthy tom necessity works likes tom jobs beginning paper route age accumulated nice savings account college decided career present works part bank messenger transit department
interest readiness part learner major impact learning interest greatest motivating factors forces learner interest preference activity travers observes interest attitude involve concept acceptance rejection involve kind affective feeling response learner interest manifested choice activities basis learner revealed expressed preferences discussions teacher inventories developed responses questions regarding specific interests correlation interest success learning effect established suggests interest subject matter student learns easier faster lastingly reality dealt basic business economic education enhances student interest business basic part lives students taught learned ten later business teacher needs tap source motivation variety teaching learning techniques readiness related interest terms educational conditions means learner psychologically physiologically anatomically receptive learning readiness singular isolated trait condition factors learning place teachers develop ability assess accurately psychological learners effective teacher sensitive psychological learners psychological states perceived voice eye facial expression posture muscular tension
pitfalls exist teacher assumes adversary role discussion spite teacher feelings contrary majority students accept teacher statements authoritative possibility students accept teacher adversary position fact addition properly interpret adversary role report teacher teaching untruths distortions unacceptable policy positions spite pitfalls adversary approach adaptable basic business teaching especially business law economics panel discussion planned informal reporting topic group students researched topic authorities community teachers guests present panel discussion participate student panels panel present report opinion information member panel provide feedback questioning remainder class type discussion culminating activity application discussion strategy developmental activity independent student groups class technique slow student fosters interaction small group technique seminar small group meets discuss topic emanating large group lecture independent study common topic change pace technique debate competition add zest classroom generate enthusiasm members class teacher enthusiastic part unit insurance affirmative negative teams students debate proposition policy resolved students complete driver training course grade percent reduction cost automobile insurance
factor course planning allotted course semester school organized traditional basis modular schedule open classroom concept team teaching involved classes meet daily course part block allotted basic business content assemblies pep rallies school functions preempt class variables consideration planning allotment unit course basic business subjects involve broad field information material covered carefully selected introductory courses sampling survey courses certainly covered inexperienced teachers mistake trying cover material superficial frequently results confusion students careful examination modern textbooks teacher manuals field help beginning teacher select units authorities feel covered allotted course affect number units covered length depth factors considered terms course objectives basic business develop business economic skills understandings courses need structured fairly completely don overlook planned flexibility topics arise student interest current events alter planned unit desirable courses study curriculum guides developed committees business teachers working direction coordinator courses study curriculum guides generally include suggested allotment plan
objectives competencies learning goals similar terms express reasons unit terms include instructional criteria aims desired outcomes purposes objectives consideration types learning discussed chapter discussion objectives course level reviewed point course objectives stated earlier general terms course level specific terms unit level unit objectives identify specific contribution content activities unit general objectives course unit contribute objectives depending nature unit breadth course section includes activities designed effect learning activities important part unit section includes types activities introductory developmental culminating separating distinct groups impossible cases unit evolves subjects content cumulative introductory activities carry developmental activities introductory activities break unit teacher makes students eager learn topic introductory activities include students bulletin boards displays realia films filmstrips recorded dialogue trips thought provoking questions pretests newspaper magazine articles surveys guests demonstrations ways initiate unit beginning unit teacher determine extent knowledge abilities student class topic study
symptoms observed low achievers need encouragement frequent rewards teacher student class opportunity succeed students gain satisfaction receiving high grades teacher find ways rewardng order help imporve images motivate greater effort tests group informal evaluaton techniques presented section teacher feels reasonable students respond singled recognition named student deputy teacher top banana titles carry duties minor recognition small degree personal social scholastic improvement technique seemingly small unsophisticated stimulate slow students low achievers effort class troublemaker loner appointed serve team captain group activity simulation game note assignment homework paper shows slight improvement stimulus consistently low achiever needs teacher stick figures happy faces add warm light hearted touch marginal comments cartoon notations drawn duplicated gummed labels adaptation technique commercially prepared stamps making notations elementary teachers frequently comment stamps clowns spacemen jesters appeal young students striking similarities elementary child learning stage slow student high school devices rewarding successes elementary students morale boosters low achievers high school
organization produces distributes service called business business engages major activities activity production involves making product providing service activity marketing marketing deals service producer user activity finance deals money matters related running business business worker million workers involved production marketing finance book focuses activities lead business success examining activities detail study general nature business generally speaking major kinds businesses industrial commercial industrial businesses businesses produce things mining manufacturing construction types industrial businesses commercial businesses engaged marketing wholesalers retailers finance banks investment companies furnishing services transportation electric power motels theaters indication importance major types businesses shown illus graph shows number persons employed types businesses included farmers military personnel government workers important characteristic business dynamic constantly changing businesses react quickly changing nature society instance principal means transportation centuries horse steam power invented created change cross country railroad completed goods traveled mainly rail gasoline engine arrived travel patterns shifted train car bus truck shortly airplane invented
problems challenges tomorrow today current problems continue exist decades ahead concerns demands society business move twenty century find greatly affected electronic equipment partially today computers design blue jeans cars houses intelligent robots able custom design products assemble inspect accept reject finished products assembly line office affected electronic equipment electronic means recording storing information nearly eliminate paperwork tasks technology course impact fewer hours typical hour week reduced substantially leisure greater need specialized training stay employed recreational cultural activities education consume leisure future effect families today automobile antique century means moving goods arrive energy forms created need leave home play computers employees perform tasks home send results employers telephone lines personal computers hooked telephones enable individuals businesses order merchandise pay bills automatically need carrying cash disappear nearly transactions processed credit card devices electronically connected businesses banks
capitalistic system incentive reward producing goods services profit company making furniture costs land labor captial goods materials profit furniture company left subtracting costs amount received selling furniture profit earned business overestimated society average profit percent total receipts remainder percent represents costs consider motel yearly receipts profit amounts percent owner earns times costs times types businesses higher average profit percentages lower owners course try earn profit percentage average business guarantee company profit things successful company produce goods services want price willing pay demand product number products bought price demand want wanting expensive luxury car money buy represent demand demand luxury car represented person wants money buy willing spend money relationship price demand increased demand prices generally rise demand decreases prices generally fall product video game suddenly popular price rise video game longer demand price drop
corporations towers business landscape proprietorships number generally small size comparison corporations number generally large size corporations tend large play powerful role economy country corporations employ millions provide consumers goods services need want recent corporate sales goods services ten times sales proprietorships twenty times sales partnerships corporation plays important role business understand basic features advantages disadvantages gain understanding basic features corporation follow york burton king consider incorporating fast growing food store business karen ritter lawyer helped york burton king prepare partnership agreement operate attorney asked partners describe corporation stated corporation business owned group authorized located act single person permission form corporation charter needed charter called certificate incorporation official document granted giving power run corporation corporation sense artificial person created laws corporation contracts borrow money property sue sued act performed corporation authorized person employee business
production process developing improving product service result factors products continuously changing products improved products developed estimated products ten today company survive continually search ways improve successful products regularly consider development products ideas products sources inside company suggest product ideas company ideas sales production personnel business research projects companies employ primary responsibility create test products sources product information company customers company products customers give information improve products types products ways companies information customers companies send questionnaires recently bought product asking opinions companies telephone numbers customers call questions problems company wants deal information consumers products form consumer panel group offer opinions product service panel bought likely buy company products panel members meet regularly company representatives discuss feelings products tell representatives think company improve current products
companies find easier produce goods services meet needs consumers customers customer wants needs companies spend deal money market research begin develop products remember chapter market research study buy company products buy product market research identify target markets target markets groups customers similar needs company sell product company find group similar needs easier produce product satisfy hand group needs impossible develop product satisfy imagine developing product bicycle variety sizes shapes number special features bicycle satisfy consumer needs find group similar needs successfully design bicycle groups identified unique needs product company design product group decides serve company adopted marketing concept research identify markets products developed research help company determine customers needs located information allow companies production marketing decisions marketing managers decisions
cost television advertising varies depending telecast number stations carrying telecast nature program advertising appears expensive referred prime commercials prepared local stations expensive network advertisements reach fewer needed cost preparing television advertising major limitation newspapers read percent age newspapers variety information place advertising large newspapers daily papers advertising reaches consumers frequently changed rapidly needed smaller newspapers published week newspaper advertising inexpensive compared media businesses advertising dollars spent newspaper advertising type advertising type national advertising magazine advertising late magazines distributed trains today magazines specialized relate directly readers occupations hobbies interests major advantage magazines high quality advertisements printed heavy glossy paper colors magazines read reader reader ad times advertising national magazines expensive page full color advertisement national magazine costs outdoor advertising oldest form advertising billboards allow simple messages presented passes
accounting records difficult standardized forms purchased office supply stores trade associations oil dealers hardware stores supply business members standard forms model sets records cash register manufacturers systems special equipment needed records hand business small number records manual systems practical inexpensive maintain offices computer type equipment perform tasks manually simple machines perform repetitive clerical operations store large amounts information computers possibly cost handling operations reduced depending volume information processed business decide process information manually purchase computer equipment hire service data processing service center data processing service center special type business processes data businesses fee business delivers data service center daily weekly monthly basis return service center processes data prepares reports business needs business firms data processing service center perform tasks preparing bills customers keeping track inventory bought sold preparing payroll records checks business routine operations processed efficiently service center types computers computer equipment discussion data processing computers found chapter small business firms especially retail stores need elaborate records businesses cash register basis obtaining information financial records
balance sheet income statement presents data revenue expenses profit period shown comparisons month revenue expenses profit increasing decreasing actual amount item compared budgeted amount detailed analysis income statement especially helpful controlling individual expenses month month budgeting future expenditures fair analyze individual items income statement percentages percentage revenue spent rent food items found easily let total revenue equal percent dividing total revenue deduction revenue percentages computed making comparisons instance find percentage income spent rent divide rental payment total revenue equals decimal changed percentage multiplying result shows october rent percent revenue type calculation comparison expense addition profit percentage determined dividing revenue net profit multiplying equals percent percent profit compared month percent profit percent profit percent profit improvement financial condition calculations bob santry manage personal finances want save percent revenue wishes save percent clues reach goal
parents todd choice left theater stay home cook felt eating walk burger barn hamburger father case chose hamburger todd looked refrigerator appealed moment maybe didn feel cooking anyway sure friend david burger barn decided eat todd didn bother read menu wall serving counter ordered wanted soon arrived hamburger order fries cola cashier totaled order todd paid bill receipt looked dining area david sitting booth glad re todd decide bring field trip problem david replied wrote list look tell think todd nodded agreement looks okay order number called loudspeaker todd enjoyed hamburger act don david burger town david agreed pretty money considering price ground beef pound ground beef market today quarter pound hamburger means bring worth meat huge profit margin meat cost factor todd wonder burger
accept job agree show times remember resources selling absent frequently undependable main resources withheld employer function properly business dependable employees loyal act interests employer loyal employee speak badly employer damage employer business loyal employee keeps private information confidential employee agree obey orders supervisors teamwork necesssary business operate properly employees don follow instructions employer employer sells product product offered sale business product business makes product service physical item automobile hair dryer service action benefits haircut service insurance service businesses offer combination restaurant sells food sells preparation serving food cleanup afterward services company product expected assume responsibility employee responsibility duty answer major responsibility employee learn job perform important part employee attitude
heidi father gave advice meant honest look seeing honestly means objective trying strengths weaknesses strengths qualities abilities weaknesses areas lack abilities quality strengths weaknesses involve body mind personality personality sum behavioral emotional tendencies need wrong bad judgments listing strengths weaknesses important thing objective assemble accurate personal profile physical strengths weaknesses involve body short tall physically strong weak free physical handicaps limit physical activities person poor vision qualify jet pilot strong coordinated person consider career athletics sports physical characteristics help determine kinds characteristics distinguishing qualities traits help individual mental strengths weaknesses affect career job decisions strong mathematics rate abilities spelling grammar punctuation think personality working prefer working consider outgoing shy react unpleasant situations punctual punctual person apponintments classes consider strengths weaknesses write list strengths column weaknesses
total amount money earn working gross income total pay taxes deductions subtracted amount money actually receive taxes deductions subtracted net income addition taxes deductions employee benefits health insurance pension contributions budget fixed expenses living expenses flexible expenses fixed expenses regular bills rent car payments debts due specific times living expenses adjustable short term costs flexible expenses adjust required plan ahead discretionary income money left fixed expenses paid amount discretionary income determines afford flexible expenses plan budget terms needs wants needs shelter met fixed expenses needs food transportation flexible choose eating hamburger home steak fancy restaurant choose drive expensive car communities public transportation food transportation needs necessities expenses adjusted choose spend meet need fulfilling want live cold climate warm winter coat need expensive fur coat fills need represents want wants completely optional decide wish spend recreation hobies
banks savings institutions offer regular savings accounts savings account earns interest open savings account sign signature card deposit receive passbook passbook booklet transactions recorded deposits withdrawls interest credited account computerized banking passbooks unnecessary bank statement official account record deposits withdrawals passbook cases receive statement monthly quarterly status savings account thing identifies savings accounts pay interest interest paid money financial institution operations financial institutions discussed part iv checking accounts pay interest look closely services costs involved accounts interest rates offer choose type service institutions offer special accounts combine features checking savings required minimum balance interest earned funds account regular savings accounts earn interest lower rate forms investment offer greater flexibility option withdrawing funds penalty interest compounded daily monthly quarterly semiannually annually compounded interest interest paid principal accrued interest accrued means accumulated earned frequently interest compounded money investment earns institutions offer complete monthly statements include activity accounts checking savings accounts insured agencies federal government
thought stranded remote island terrible situation person totally sufficient able survive entirely able provide basic physical needs survival food shelter clothing missing vital need companionship companionship company person persons think situation change human imaginary island companion talk longer opportunity develop relationship human relationship continuing interaction attitude individuals groups adding person island increase opportunities companionship sharing main difference lies companionship person need true prehistoric times cavemen banded mutual protection earliest forms society grew realization strength numbers basic survival learned enjoyable meaningful safer shared populations grew societies complex grew dependent unit deals interdependence means working citizen early explorers settlers began tame american wilderness highly sufficient sufficient person provide things survival early fur trappers spend months wild seeing human
communication process exchanging information sharing ideas messages build understanding communication process message person received receiver message reacts understanding meaning message person receiving message response idea communicating share understanding message communication essential working situation similarly lack communication problem workplace supervisors especially need skilled communication boss give complicated instruction worker boss ask understand want worker likely say yes understand simply boss result boss worker communicated boss solve problem asking question obtain feedback feedback information returned originator idea feedback correct evaluate original message feedback confirm understanding message asking worker understood boss ask worker explain understood feedback assure understanding repetition clarify meaning process requires extra minute spent communication save money eliminating costly mistakes caused misunderstandings person sending message responsibility thoughts clear vague speaking general terms leads misinterpretation message effort specific specific means expressing idea clearly accurately
paul swung bat graceful arc ball high deep center field fence grunted satisfaction timing batting practice hit game problem thought wouldn audience modest crowd course team game season weather casual observer perfect paul feelings senior beginning final varsity paul excellent player coach expressed confidence paul offered college scholarship professional contract paul knew perform standards game worried play unnoticed professional scouts concentrated winning teams league champions playoff games showcases talent paul problem team didn hope making playoffs jefferson twins highly talented pair expected carry pitching load weeks beginning season father transferred town company move meant nice promotion jefferson unfortunately cast dark shadow valley high baseball prospects paul coach walked length dugout powerful baseman sitting ready fast start paul asked sure coach don playoffs paul don count son miss jefferson boys think run
start visual inspection car tires flat damaged look underneath car parts loose broken answers negative listen determine sound originates let say coming underneath passenger compartment noise louder car windows open eliminate inside car thump occur car moving stop car listen noise engine idling transmission neutral increase engine speed noise occur conditions eliminate engine source try driving gears dead stop accelerate highway speed upshift manual transmission allow automatic upshift gears high gear frequency noise affected shifting gears coming transmission frequency noise increases direct relation speed vehicle problem involves suspension differential gears tire poorly balanced round thump accompanied vibration seen felt affect steering vehicle problem suspension system thump noticeable disappear vehicle speeds tire balance round slight lurch hesitation felt acceleration differential gears need attention certified mechanic troubleshooting process able
taking advantage greater efficiency release productive resources society able increase output goods services fewer resources means specialization mechanization human capital production process divided region job production region specialized according advantages resources efficiently worker productive result performing repetitive tasks special capabilities mechanization capital goods increase productivity labor human capital increases productivity labor resource training education techniques allow factor production yield greatest amount society wants resources scarce relative human wants efficient resources lead satisfaction greatest amount wants partly due specialization production goods services complicated matter requires complex economic system increase specialization division labor mechanization resulted increased interdependence household system finds dependent economic system goods services consume result interdependence economic lives complex household community large city claim part specialized activity greatest advantage trade economic units satisfaction economic wants general alternative ways answer basic economic questions production distribution economic systems differ according makes basic economic decisions response basic economic questions production distribution
imagine friend stops house saturday morning october suggests drive mountains try jeep quickly pull jeans shirt sneakers late afternoon trail remote part rockies suddenly snow storm blows trail soon impassable going suddenly jeep starts skid plunge hundred feet steep mountainside friend killed instantly jeep completely wrecked fortunately scratches estimate thirty forty miles nearest source help luckily discover summer cabin nearby heat wood burning fireplace telephone offer shelter week supply food soon realize hope stay cabin rescued idea start looking storm starts abate leaving feet dry powder snow decide try follow trail civilization fortunate cabin stocked camping equipment supplies want survival days reach help depend partly carefully select equipment continued page listed materials cabin weight decide items wear carry exceed total pounds
product prices determined interaction supply demand market place market place refer specific geographical location abstract concept covers location product bought sold price product prevail market referred equilibrium price price simultaneously suppliers sell amount able willing sell price buyers purchase amounts willing able purchase price clear market equilibrium price price perform task higher price quantity supplied higher quantity demanded suppliers able sell product price product equilibrium price quantity demanded quantity supplied price downward reduced demand pressure price eventually price bid equilibrium price conversely price lower market price quantity demanded larger quantity supplied condition exert upward pressure price demand remains unsatisfied demand bid price equilibrium price market clear equilibrium price quantity demanded service equals quantity supplied price performs important functions market function allocation resources apparent resource higher resources pulled higher priced
key element selling ability influence decision person buy article service decision decisions unaided customer information needs products services today market help needed salesperson advertiser needed knows information buyer needs answer question buyer seller receives income successful sale moral questions arise major goal complete sale major goal satisfy customer repeat business reputation concern customer interest continuous success selling farsighted salespersons put customers interests selling crude form began caveman discovered caveman article wanted article clubbing owner head caveman looked owned caveman want tried talk caveman exchanging article barter trading money kind selling situations economy bartering exists major selling method advanced societies introduction money selling process attributed phoenicians early history selling sales activities ruling class confined limited areas transportation communication populated areas practically nonexistent peasant family grew goods needed survive required exchanges goods
international marketing increasingly important american businesses complicated marketing installations large sales forces established foreign countries distribute goods manufacturer country consumer country marketing process path product takes producer consumer called channel distribution producer choose sell goods directly consumer called direct marketing times choose distribute goods businesses order reach consumer called indirect marketing consumer goods fresh produce cosmetics household products marketed directly consumer usual practice industrial goods manufacturers institutions buy materials supplies directly producers indirect marketing businesses channel distribution producer consumer businesses called middlemen companies assist distribution goods producer consumer channel chosen middlemen combination channels indirect marketing common method distributing consumer goods producer consumer goods decides sell retail store resell ultimate consumer middleman added channel distribution merchandise distinct fashion appeal expensive frequently distributed middleman industrial goods distributed middleman type wholesaler buys producers sells retailers industrial commercial institutional users consumer goods manufacturers find efficient distribute products wholesale distributors retailers
million persons employed country retail establishments general merchandise stores supermarkets clothing stores furniture stores majority persons engaged personal selling external internal implies external personal selling carried retail store methods direct selling telephone selling demonstrations internal personal selling carried inside store counter selling customer visits store retail seller helps reach purchasing decision goods satisfy needs wants persons studying course likely selling jobs retail stores supermarkets drugstores department stores discussing selling jobs retailing consider selling jobs retail stores discuss specific job selling ultimate consumer jobs found retail stores salesclerk salesperson salesperson demonstrator telephone salesperson job titles job duties pages vary store store depending store size customer clientele merchandise sold salesclerk generally sells goods customers minds buy item coming store salesclerk handles convenience goods learned items customers buy frequently wish special shopping trips salesclerk required presentation demonstration merchandise give merchandise information knowledge merchandise location ability show goods promptly effectively ability handle mechanics sales transaction efficiently
desires durability dependability purchases ultimate consumers instance want durable appliances cars dependable perform needed require minimum amount repair clothing want garments fade shrink business consumers dependable equipment expenses increase machines constantly break need repair ultimate consumers women looking articles chores easier clothes permanent press fabrics instant success easy care business consumers want equipment repaired easily requires minimum amount maintenance employees quickly taught consumers feel getting lot money price prime buying consideration ultimate consumer ultimate consumer pleased buys versatile items sofa makes bed candy container jewelry box desire versatility obtaining product electronic data processing equipment important motive business consumers basic edp installation adapted process kinds data business run efficiently ultimate consumer getting bargain price selective motive buying specific product desire economy course important motive business consumers help satisfy primary motive money gain middlemen instance want favorable credit shipping terms suppliers buying motives consumers select seller called patronage buying motives
perception receiver awareness transmitted message set receiver readiness react automatically stimulus set influences person perceive perceive mental set runner stance signal start race runner ready consciously thinking moment gun sounds set mental set brain nervous system ready respond reasoning takes place description handmade trigger customer response product sensitive customer handmade trigger response laborers exploited mental set person determines listener react stimulus handmade set affects person expectations retail customer set salesperson greet beginning sale say farewell end sale reader teaser headline advertisement set copy tell headline meaning relation buying customer receive set receive salesperson customer relationship ruined customer upset mental set due partly presence beliefs salesperson deny truth beliefs customer firmly believes wool rug kind buy salesperson concentrate selling customer wool rugs nylon added wool provide greater strength durability salesperson tactfully point salesperson respectfully recognizes customer beliefs reinforces customer image
act communication completed receiver pick message encoded sender transmitted channel communication message travel receiver decoder nervous system brain retranslated form receiver understand receiver decode message difficult question sender sales message answer learned part message decoded exact sender intended control decoding process extent gaining understanding customer behavior structuring sales message line customer buying motives aware denotative connotative meanings symbols sales message entire decoding process takes place seconds customer consciously aware process complex scientific knowledge exactly message received retranslated complete coding decoding processes mystery learned responses senses sight sound touch smell taste carried brain consciousness centered responses translated thoughts emotions images understood part learned perception receiver awareness transmitted message perception occur sales message enter receiver perceptual field includes individual sees knows included individual perceptual field depends past experiences needs wants emotional makeup mental set membership social class membership group social class physical environment
merchantile credit level buyer obtain credit signing promissory note written promise repay amount purchase interest date buyers purchase goods consignment means manufacturer retains ownership goods buyer simply acts agent selling buyer resell prices terms set manufacturer return unsold goods pay promptly sold selling appliances furniture type consignment called floor plan plan manufacturer consigns basic assortment merchant repays manufacturer sales floor plan consignment makes manufacturer obtain wide distribution small merchants afford invest large stocks consignment plan encourages buyers stock goods run risk forced sell loss hand plan places risk seller established manufacturers sell consignment recently credit extended seller considerable amount credit financed institutions selling firm sellers expensive items cars insufficient funds extend installment credit generally arrange bank finance company lend money customer customer signs installment purchase contract financing organization financing organization collects installments fall due repossess goods customer fails pay repossession goods valuable cover balance debt customer held liable difference
important point cold canvassing form direct selling forms direct selling cold canvassing learned manufacturer sells product directly consumer going middleman direct marketing direct selling main methods direct selling route selling selling appointment party plan cold canvassing initial contact route selling represent cold canvassing names prospects residential neighborhood obtained source selling appointment involves obtaining customer names prospecting methods discussed later chapter making arrangements talk customers party plan combines aspects selling appointment selling cold canvassing salespersons handle tupperware parties appointment talk women attending tupperware party salesperson knows women prospects product aspects cold canvassing involved revolutionary war salesmen peddlers cold canvass method prospecting selling method war ii large companies famous fuller brush company active today hundreds companies prospect sell door door ultimate consumers fuller brush company joined companies avon products electrolux amway door door selling products brushes encyclopedias cosmetics tremendous variety goods sold method shoes cameras clothing tableware vacuum cleaners stationery toys
selling situation percent salesperson effort goes making presentation prospect percent goes preparing presentation contact selling preparation involves qualifying prospects analyzing needs prospect actual meeting planning approach presentation retail selling preparation involves determining facts product assortment analyzing features benefits figuring present item customer retail selling situations learned opportunity obtain advance knowledge specific customers approach step selling process opening sale prelude presentation suppose walk store handbag department spend moments looking summer handbags display salesperson approaches says straw bags lovely re imported mexico received yesterday approach salesperson wants interest handbags introduction sales presentation approach salesperson interest customer immediately product service chance presentation main elements successful approach promptness interest confidence promptness essential approach helps show salesperson sincere interest customers buying problems characteristic approach extremely valuable attracting favorable customer attention industrial wholesale selling promptness keeping appointments utmost importance business consumers demands resent waiting
millionaires poor lots money things wanted buy suppose houses apartments cars bikes tv sets stereos supermarkets restaurants places buy services getting hair cut teeth fixed phone installed picture economics producing making goods services satisfy things need want economics deals earn money buy goods services economics concerned helping choose wisely things offered stop needing wanting things needs things stay alive food clothing housing thought basic needs wants things live add pleasure comfort lives hard tell difference needs wants car need job thought want luxury visiting friends riding tv set generally considered want call need order local national events need clothing help warm protected clean want need additional special clothing appearance style variety nation general plan deciding produce produce distribute goods services
lies ahead economy knows sure robots routine factories housekeeping entirely machines farming ocean space colonies moon pocket telephones dimensional tv germproof tornadoproof earthquakeproof soundproof fireproof burglarproof houses things scientists predicted private enterprise system works country food decent housing proper health care harmed happening environment air water polluted gases smoke waste coming industry products buy problem solve government responding demand action businesses cooperating environment healthy future americans problem providing proper housing especially large cities slum housing remodeled torn rebuilt efforts solve traffic problems large cities shopping cultural centers built americans realize shortcomings nation working eliminate economic hardship needs control disease reduce human suffering responsibilities conserve natural resources ideas needed continue improve government live peace remains education mass transportation human relations
join operate business known cooperative cooperative kind corporation operates separate set laws main types cooperatives type consumers cooperative organization consumers buy goods services cheaply person individually farmers members labor unions form cooperatives buy products groceries gasoline services insurance electricity farmers form cooperatives buy products needed run farms type cooperative producers cooperative farmers organization markets products fruits vegetables grains cooperative operates processing plants canneries producers cooperative lets small farmers band greater bargaining power selling products cooperative regular corporation formation approved sell shares stock members board directors chosen members guide cooperative cooperative differs corporations controlled regular corporation person vote share owns cooperative controlled ways owner member vote member vote based amount service received cooperative consumers cooperatives sell nonmembers members prices cooperative stores sell nonmembers set level found local stores earnings cooperative makes refunded directly members end business part expansion business
making purchase products need want buy choose products money buy sweater pair jeans choose want choose brands product buy sparkle toothpaste dazzle toothpaste choose spending money saving product worth buying worth money give money cost cost consider deciding item buy suppose family saved money thinking taking vacation trip vacation cost family answer depends family order pay vacation mother father want payment house buy car things money vacation case cost vacation payment house car times heard say nice pay spend money statements show values service person willing pay price course amount money actually pay
making costly buying mistakes partly avoiding impulse buying happens item decide suddenly nice buy item attractively displayed natural want buying occasional candy bar ice cream cone impulse part cost small item worth price buying items clothing records cosmetics whim costly need item thing price discovered shopped making shopping list plan sticking help stop impulse buying research firms study customers find buy firms found supermarkets shopping lists buy items buy luxury items shopping lists consumers open suggestion attractive display products tempt buy planned buy save money buy shopping list groceries hardware clothing parents grocery store tell lot quality vegetables offered sale lettuce wilted tomatoes ripe carrots withered grapefruit green shoppers thing items buy family buys car expert mechanic check give test drive try examine buy
joni ramey job delivering evening newspaper school earns week job babysitting neighbors earns week joni didn think careless spender trying save money buy bicycle end week money left savings fact times money end week joni told parents money problems hoping offer give allowance suggested try manage money wisely joni decided set plan saving spending plan called budget budget budget simple record money plan spend basic step money management helps set goals putting plans writing helps follow making budget need decide goals want save money special occasion want buy record album sweater decide want budget money meet goals joni goal save money buy bicycle decided try save week needed plan money means joni plan expenditures amounts actually spent food clothing items
writes checks deal responsibility remember precautions chance losing money poorly written checks write checks forms bank write check shingle millions checks written sorting checks exchanging banks tremendous job job completed reasonable cost machines sort checks according numbers printed magnetic ink check numbers sorting interrupted check delayed charge handling check tear checks errors don try erase error retrace writing handles check write sure destroying check record number write void check stub register show check sign signed signature card bank refuse pay checks fill amount leave blank held responsible amounts filled write check money account cover bank expected cash checks amount account writing checks money deposit called overdrawing account overdrawn bank pay check
tony guardino pay metric tool kit bank money order bank money order form sold bank stating money paid person named form bank money order shown illustration tony guardino sending garner company pays bank cent charge service bank stamps amount money order form guardino fills date payee address money order paid returned guardino canceled check returned bank issued money order referred guardino wants prove payment bank practices issuing money orders vary check bank find practice buy money order tony guardino purchase money order post office postal money order form issued post office directing money paid person business buy postal money order postal clerk registers machine amount figures words clerk give sample form showing fill payee address purpose money order illustration shows part sample postal money order clerk send postal money order safely mail cashed signed payee
banks large business consumer business loans learned banks loans earn money pay interest depositors profit consumers banks source loans purchase cars durable goods bank lending requirements strict bank loans expensive means borrowing credit union organized group common interest employees firm members labor union credit union accepts deposits members makes small loans business member credit unions sources loans customers willing help interest charges lower banks funds savings loan association building loan association loaned want buy build things houses apartments business buildings savings loan association accepts savings deposits customers money investments loans loans term periods borrow consumer finance companies companies business lending small amounts money lending agencies loans weak credit ratings consumer finance companies risk making loans taking risk charge higher interest rates banks credit unions
part powering process apple writer program automatically loaded read played computer message appears screen end powering process displayed apple writer program known prompt prompt message computer program telling computer column card message form question says lowercase display computer changed display lowercase letters strike key yes strike key press return key computer column card installed question skipped computer display prompt reads press return begin respond prompt pressing return key pressed return key display labeled frequently control characters crt display known editor menu shown figure text enter computer stored student diskette apple writer diskette editor menu displayed screen insert student diskette computer disk drive gently open door disk drive carefully remove apple writer diskette place protective envelope insert student diskette disk drive carefully close door computer disk drives insert student diskette drive leave apple writer diskette drive
look data line figure position esc escape key capitalize letters striking esc key letter capitalized hold esc key striking letter strike esc key caret symbol appears inside cursor caret letter struck capital letter document printed remember standard apple display uppercase letters screen letters uppercase document printed shown screen inverse dark light characters letters document lowercase displayed screen normal light dark characters apple shift key adapter installed capital letters shift key data line position shown figure hold shift key striking letter capitalized note turn shift key adapter shift key adapter installed data line shows follow steps turn adapter enter display additional functions menu select option toggle shift key option esc shift standard apple ii letters screen uppercase uppercase document shown inverse screen lowercase document shown screen normal characters
special symbols nonalphabetic characters keyboard entered holding shift key striking character key follow procedure computer requires esc key enter uppercase letters times want capitalize letters row main heading report uppercase letters alpha lock known alphabetic shift lock enter series uppercase letters striking esc shift key letter alpha lock apple iie depress key labeled caps lock apple ii enter letter uppercase data line place figure letters enter uppercase return normal uppercase lowercase operation apple iie depress caps lock key apple ii enter turn alpha lock apple ii enter title capitals key word processor alpha lock shift numeric keys symbols enter special characters numeric keys shift key apple writer tab stops similar typewriter load apple writer automatically sets tab stops columns known default tab stops entering indent moves cursor tab stop clear set tabs desired column positions default stops suitable
apple writer screen displays lines text cursor moves thirteenth line remains thirteenth line enter text position approximate middle screen helps reduce eye fatigue thirteenth line entered text scrolls upward words moves top screen disappears lost text stored memory wish text screen cursor movement keys move cursor text scrolls quickly move cursor beginning end text move cursor beginning text enter beginning cursor immediately positioned beginning text notice command sets character data line called direction arrow quickly move cursor end text enter end command sets direction arrow direction arrow changed direction entering direction direction arrow special editing functions explained lesson text inserting deleting characters words paragraphs insert text esc key change cursor move mode position cursor text inserted cursor movement keys strike space bar return cursor text entry mode
lesson learned insert text learned delete text backspace key additional ways delete text faster backspace key word paragraph deleted single command delete word position cursor immediately word deleted direction arrow data line pointing left enter enter word word space word deleted computer deletes entire word space regardless length word computer knows length word space word marks beginning delete words row position cursor word enter word deleted delete entire word command delete entire paragraph command position cursor immediately paragraph wish delete direction arrow data line pointing left enter enter delete paragraph computer knows paragraph deleted begins looks place text pressed return marks end previous paragraph delete paragraphs position cursor paragraph enter paragraph deleted text changed replacing text text position cursor beginning text replaced
printed documents np function past lessons printed documents wondered computer knew left top bottom margins computer values margins preset apple writer program preset values called default values apple writer program loaded computer values assigned automatically program default values changed produce kinds documents change default values enter enter question mark print program commands menu screen shown figure menu shows options changing format document option letter code parentheses number letters numbers letters default values assigned apple writer loaded figure explains option changing values determine characters horizontal inch line spaces vertical inch printer produces information found printer manual computer printers print ten characters horizontal inch pica spacing vertical lines inch values assumed lesson assume want print single spaced document top bottom left margins inch requires blank line spaces top bottom margins line spaces inch set top bottom margins
report wide variety documents general reports present information reader paragraph form examples reports book reports term papers figure shows page typical report setting report suggested lesson document looks professional easy read reports look professional improve image eyes reader reader teacher employer report represents person prepares information give apple writer report format vary depending print size print sizes differ type printer check instructor print sizes printer common print sizes ci characters inch cpi multiplying standard paper width inches number characters inch number print columns paper cpi columns cpi columns space edge paper printed words known margin report left margin margin top margin bottom margin left margin unbound report inch left margin setting number characters inch margin setting subtract number characters inch number columns page cpi subtract margin setting
report footnotes top line entries bottom line entries special procedures prepare text printing procedures discussed paragraphs apple writer top line entry bottom line entry feature print page numbers desired information top bottom page text figure page report began lesson line top page items printed item starts left margin item centered item ends margin methods top line entry bottom line entry identical difference top line entry set initials tl bottom line entry set initials bl instructions refer top line entry substituting bl tl makes bottom line entry top line entry entered code print program commands menu recommended enter text embedded command advantages enables begin top line entry page giving appearance page print program file format report format usable top line entry printed beginning page text embedded command entry beginning text
features report format need order job producing reports quotations diskette notations refer figure study paragraphs quotations longer lines indented sides indention left margins temporarily moved spaces center left margin set changed margin set changed quotation printed margins returned original values addition indented quotations printed line interval single spacing quotations easier recognize format report saved diskette report stored notation giving number diskette report stored report notation end page apear bottom page page report entered text notation pages entered automatically bottom line entry figure diskette notation means report saved typeset diskette labeled reports diskette labeled reports labeled date
data processing data defined generally detailed factual material kind tendency think data factual material appearing business forms bookkeeping accounting jobs true sure accounting data included data facts figures letters words charts maps tables basic elements information data consist items scores tests enrollment figures classes salaries paid employees sales customers weather reports list expanded indefinitely data book illustrate process principle obtained fields basic techniques processing remain fairly constant regardless field data drawn data information interchangeably distinction data generally referred raw original figures facts meaning ascribed information hand knowledge grows data processed accepts distinction chief goal data processing conversion raw data information broadly accepted definition data processing manipulation factual matter kinds purpose producing desired answer result includes operations recording classifying sorting calculating summarizing communicating storing term applies hand machine recording process writing rewriting reproducing data hand machine manual system data recorded human language wide variety forms
mistaken belief computer rapid adding machine computer add list figures rapidly add figures computer store information numeric alphabetic retrieve needed solve complicated problems detailed steps set solve problems follow steps automatically print solution split seconds common misunderstanding computers process data adding machine consists wheels dials represent figures wheels turn calculations computer hand figures letters electronic signals inside computer signals added subtracted sorted compared stored unique digit arithmetic system processing completed computer convert signals decimal numbers letters alphabet print solution difference computer common calculators accounts computer awesome power difference grasped mystery surrounding computer vanish computers think believe mistake computers decisions decisions command humans instinct data put machine wrong computer give incorrect answer widespread belief concerning computer person mathematical genius engineer learn computer processes data wrong problems computers solve require computations require ability add subtract
flow chart graphic representation sequence operations needed carry data processing procedure method system symbols stand operations equipment flow chart shows sequential order steps flow chart prepared outline steps routine specific office specific job person creating flow chart steps required satisfy needs office equipment entirely flow charts developed handle data vary depending equipment results desired flow chart road map symbols lines steps processing set data set traced flow charts set procedures processing data able prepare flow chart understand symbols flow charting understand data processed action standard symbols prepare flow chart illustrated figure shown beneath start symbol operation symbols knowing operation symbols troublesome note operation symbols manual operation symbol describes recording computing operation hand keying operation symbol describes recording computing operation key driven mechanical device processing symbol describes recording computing operation automatic device tabulator computer
metalworking industry employs types jobs jobs require variety education training skills fig jobs performed plants factories located united states fig types number jobs plant depend kind plant percent employed metalworking industry employed clerical sales professional technical supervisory percent directly involved moving raw materials parts finished products plant producing iron steel products fig maintaining machines metalworking industry greatest number workers metalworking industry employed areas area involved converting iron ore steel area processing operations needed convert steel semi finished finished products fig toolmakers tools workers machine assemble parts gages inspect parts diemakers dies shape metal shaping forming cutting punching stamping forging machinists parts repair machines dies gages machine tools hand tools precision measuring instruments setup operators prepare tools equipment machine tool operators run responsible setting correct feeds speeds types machine tools sure jigs fixtures holding correctly set machine tool operators
kinds metal industry metal put general groups ferrous non ferrous ferrous metals metals iron non ferrous metals metals iron common ferrous metals produced ingot iron cast iron steel ferrous metals properties means metals types iron steel represent tonnage metal produced united states expensive metals pure iron referred ingot iron approximately metal iron highest iron content ferrous metals compared ferrous metals soft bent easily formed shapes ingot iron found places decorations skilled craftspeople metal scroll found balconies windows french quarter orleans type iron rusts easily protected moisture atmosphere easily magnet manufacture electrical parts electrical devices transformers cast iron alloy alloy mixture metals non metals cast iron mixture iron silicon carbon approximately iron types cast iron grey iron common iron brittle cast machined order shaped cast iron rusts slowly properties cast iron manufacture automobile engine blocks gears large machine bases machine parts
molten iron steel processes electric furnace equipped retractable electrodes pass current solid scrap charge melt entire roof swings charging furnace tilts pouring electric furnaces especially producing specialty steels furnace operators learned economically large heats batches carbon steel furnaces open hearth furnaces important steel industry named limestone scrap steel molten iron charged shallow steelmaking area hearth open sweep flames recent practically open hearth furnaces converted oxygen speed melting process basic oxygen furnace produces half steel united states single vessel furnace turn tons hour oxygen blown top furnace fig metal smelted ore ready formed shaped finished metal shapes produced methods metal shaped heavy rollers seen fig shapes sizes required specific applications metal takes form structural shapes bars rods wires plates large diameter pipe tubing shown fig wide variety shapes sizes shapes sizes standard items manufacturers require metal shaped specific sizes addition wide variety shapes sizes metal specific properties
metal cut number tools important tools benchwork hacksaw chisel tools cut metal hacksaw wide variety hacksaws hacksaw blades basic styles hacksaw frames solid frame adjustable frame solid frame hacksaws length blade adjustable frame hacksaws hacksaw blades fig number teeth inch needed blade varies kind metal cut shown figure hacksaw blades teeth inch hacksaw blade teeth set bent alternately left kerf cut slot wider thickness blade fig hacksaw cutting metal follow steps sure frame length blade teeth blade face handle place hole blade pin front frame place hole end blade pin frame tension tighten blade frame turning thumb screw fig turn blade pinging sound picked thumb blade cuts stretch turn thumb screw turns tighten blade stock securely fastened vise shown figure stock square clamp allow teeth cutting metal
taps dies cut threads taps cut internal threads dies cut external threads figure common tap die terms size tap stamped shank types taps bottoming plug taper taper tap bottoming tap threading closed hole threads end tap closed hole threaded taper tap plug tap bottoming tap pipe threads cut pipe taps pipe tap commonly cutting threads electrical connections pipe tap taps held tap fig handled tap wrench types dies common adjustable round split die size die shown face dies held die stock shown figure kinds threads industry common thread american national thread common series national coarse nc national fine nf process cutting internal threads called tapping fig procedure follows select correct size tap needed insert shank tap tap wrench select correct tap drill layout hole drilled drill hole tapping hold tap angles face turn tap thread catches
smoothing forming metal essential part process finishing metal manufacture includes metalworking skills hand machine filing abrasives grinding types hammers files smooth shape finish metal kinds shapes sizes files single cut file single row teeth double cut file rows teeth form criss cross pattern common grades files bastard file rough cut file medium filing smooth file fine filing common types files shapes shown figure files mill file flat file hand file round file known rat tail file square file half round file jeweler files shown mill file rectangular shaped single cut file file fine flat filing lathe filing seen figure flat file hand file rough round files single double cut teeth filing curved surfaces round holes square file square openings slots double cut half round file double cut file convex concave filing triangular file single double cut file type file finishing internal rectangular openings jeweler files sets fine art metal jewelry making files properly matched job perform
open end wrenches openings angles user completely rotate hex nut swing turning wrench side open end wrenches single double head designs fig designed openings ends called double head size openings end open end wrenches sized box wrenches designed wide variety combination box open end wrench number styles short wrenches open end angle point box opening size opposite end size combination wrench determined box open end wrench box opening end handle offset clearance combination box open end wrenches wide variety adjustable wrenches commonly referred crescent wrenches sizes jaw wrench adjusts fit sizes nuts size wrench determined length adjustable wrenches lengths range locking adjustable wrenches lengths adjustable wrenches designed replace box open end wrenches general service figure torque wrenches determine amount torque turning force ounce inches pound inches pound feet nuts bolts fasteners times manufacturers refer torque foot pounds pound feet foot pounds correct term
weld joints regardless welding process figure shows basic joints welding metal welded joint project fillet groove butt tee lap corner edge joint making joints metal joined properly prepared room metal flow pieces joined room weld metal preparing edges groove common grooves weld joints shown figure grooves joints combined look shown figure welds bench front welder welded joints positions horizontal vertical flat overhead fig arc welding joins metal pieces heat produced electric arc common sources electricity arc welding motor generator transformer regardless source electricity arc welding electric current passes electrode metal rod melts joint fig heat melts rod created spark forms electricity tries jump air gap electrode metal welded air gap spark similar found automobile engine spark plug figure shows electric circuit arc welding electrode electrode holder connected power supply cable ground cable goes power supply power supply turned circuit completed electrode touches
sheet metal wide variety products products simple dustpan products require extensive amount precision sheet metalwork found automobile airplane hand tools machines sheet metalwork changed design operation invention today high production sheet metal tools machines industry tools machines produce thousands parts high degree accuracy working order understand sheet metalwork knowledge steps involved shaping sheet metal important chapter sheet metalwork steps covered detail sheet metal metal thickness thickness measured gage numbers decimal parts inch sheet metal wire gages tools measure thickness fig gages slots determine thickness sheet metal wire sheet metal gage iron steel wire gage nonferrous sheet metals gage number marked side gage decimal equivalent marked side products sheet metal cut flat sheets pattern exact shape size part patterns called stretchouts term pattern show object look stretched flat surface number pieces shape cut sheet metal template
computers swift vast impact american business widespread handling business data fairly recent occurrence essentially computers installed early estimates hundred thousand electronic computers put operation american businesses advances accounting field computer greatest effect handling accounting data recent times advantages offered microcomputers extended computers accounting businesses computers processing business data began payroll inventory records large businesses large amount recordkeeping today businesses process accounting data computer small firm afford large sized computers access computer service center offers computerized assistance clients today small firms individuals purchase microcomputers accounting reasonable cost large firms large computers adding microcomputers perform specialized tasks organization benefits firms computers terms saved accuracy amount data processed accounting students aware applications microcomputer accounting problems material book assist students study accounting means computer programs instruct computer programs called software programs written stored diskette device similar appearance stereo record inserted microcomputer
group accounts business called ledger accounts assigned titles account numbers show logical locations accounts ledger chart accounts list account title number assigned account ledger business charts accounts businesses differ extent depending size business number accounts needed chart accounts designed microcomputer oriented accounting foldout page shows account titles account numbers unlike charts accounts chart book shows account numbers account title odd number account account debited number account credited chart accounts microcomputer oriented accounting includes accounts frequently miscellaneous accounts accounts assets liabilities expenses specific account needed list chart accounts stored diskette computer chapter chapters dealing accounting cycle order account titles account numbers refer chart accounts page book items accounting cycle menu chart accounts menu items chart accounts stored diskette computer chapters appendixes call menu items
depending error entering data detected corrected ways outlined error detected return enter key struck misspelling entering wrong number amount discovering error question mark line type error corrected striking key arrow pointing left computers delete key rub key continue striking key cursor top beneath incorrect entry depending microcomputer type correction correctly typed data replace error error detected information return enter key struck correction type error slightly difficult requires moving arrow screen line correction correction line arrow points commands making corrections explained figure commands figure typed return enter key struck arrow properly positioned correction retyping correct data striking return enter enter data data entered examined screen correct determined correct command end typed command confused letter moves arrow end line data return enter key struck end command signals computer transactions exercise complete
axioms business education education business employment approximate needs business guiding principle shaped education business country early colonial days present education business colonial days extensive today reflect goal according knepper period colonial times formative business education strong foreign influence evidenced early period dominance textbooks private teachers england business education colonies europe subjects predominant bookkeeping called casting accounts merchants accounts arithmetic commonly called ciphering taught extensively vocational subject titles mercantile arithmetic penmanship taught profession beginning nineteenth century demand public scriveners draw wills deeds contracts replicas records subjects viewed constituting curriculum necessarily taught schools private teachers efforts training sporadic schools consisting classes private instruction teachers conducting classes ways knepper obtain training reading writing arithmetic primary method receiving instruction practical methods business centuries country history apprenticeship training boys entered business establishment background general schooling learned business instruction employer haynes jackson
issues emerged leaders agreed office practice course involve intergration previous learning skill learning asked need existed specific clerical training program percent business educators responded question need percent agreed training existing courses hypothetically leaders felt need clerical program exist program planned slow fast learners interested students gratz identified major issues office practice education table summarizing issues berry approximately participating business education leaders believed office practice elective course half felt mandatory business students majority leaders concurred office machines part office practice course office practice instruction integrated business subjects office practice remain separate recognized course thinking shifted business educators advisability separate office practice courses business educators favored separate practice courses bookkeeping stenography clerical majority business education leaders thought course adequately handle areas reported gratz shift occurred greater variety opinion present business education leaders percent practice course office trainees percent recommended courses stenographic students clerical bookkeeping students percent recommended separate practice courses areas
assessing current projected employment opportunities local expanded geographical area step justifying need occupational analysis occupational outlook handbook represents source national employment outlook vocational education plan studies employment training council data comprehensive education training act ceta reports vocational education planning district reports local surveys sources regional local employment data examination occupational data business office occupations employment opportunities area expected increase faster average employment opportunities occupations occupational outlook handbook occupational analyses conducted businesses related occupations phase occupational analysis develop task inventory sheet tis tis sheet listing tasks equipment part job occupation studied phases involved process developing instrument list tasks equipment occupation compiled procedure referred task listing initial list developed literature review interviews selected educators workers supervisors occupational field tentative list refined critique recognized experts field randomly selected workers supervisors selected individuals referred panel experts delete unnecessary items add correct technical language sample tentative task list occupation correspondence specialist shown table revised task equipment list basis developing tis
common format constructing resource unit includes major sections identification expected outcomes objectives student activities instructional materials evaluation major sections broken subsections identification section include title unit subject grade level unit designed estimated completion unit preface overview expected outcomes objectives section include performance behavorial objectives learning domains student activities section include activities develop readiness activities develop problem solving activities summarize integrate learning instructional material sections include reading materials lists community resources lists audiovisual aids finally evaluation section include pretest quizzes terminal evaluation procedure alternative instructional materials directions students meeting minimum passing standards competency based program major sections writing resource unit examined detail step writing resource unit identify subject area studied resource unit cover broad subject area topic chosen capable delineation limited span set number days length resource unit amount needed complete unit dependent variables unit longer weeks span weeks topical areas developed keeping limitations mind clearly topic broad business communications suitable entire course certainly resource unit
school building designed house laboratory facility annex added existing facilities office procedures teacher adapt laboratory housed existing traditional type classroom laboratory facilities number commonly office procedures laboratory typewriting classroom portion room annexed partition wall separate typewriters sophisticated types office equipment reprographics word processing schools justify plan insisting cost effective house equip large office procedures laboratory school building office procedures classes session entire school needs small number students served trend block programs federal funding vocational phase business education program helped alleviate problem addition thrust educational facilities continuing education typical school helps justify facility monograph planning facilities business education dr william seldon illustrated typical office procedures laboratory figure today facilities look design places limitations course teaching strategies office procedures teacher traditional design places teacher front classroom students rows typical classroom learning station independent effort reflect systems flow modern business office regardless physical facility teacher adapt classroom provide types areas systematic flow area dependence workers business system
comfort classroom affect attitude productivity students adequate heating cooling ventilation humidity control necessity automated equipment generates heat number students laboratory temperature rise degrees controlled systems enhance efficient operation equipment comfortable working environment business office approximately church schatz humidity controlled percent gentle circulation air levels classroom lavatory provided office procedures facility located students areas require frequent facility addition storage facilities station counter shelves drawers files laboratory sufficient storage facilities house equipment supplies classroom teacher materials records students files facilities provide storage walls counters windows equipment tables rooms noise movement machine operation laboratory controlled disturbing laboratory disturbing classes sound absorbent carpeting drapes movable acoustically treated partitions ceiling tiles machine pads machine covers enclosures help reduce noise addition movement controlled setting clusters individuals locating clusters control noise distance clusters approximately feet music reduce effect noise produced equipment operation movement word caution music creates mood relaxation reduce productivity
lecture today history education widely classroom teaching methods lecture method teacher completely responsible presenting facts principles ideas success lecture rests lecturer pure form lecture students opportunity ask questions comments listeners react lecture recording taking notes facts principles ideas believe important word lecture means read derived latin word lego legere lectus according gilstrap martin invention printing press possessor book read aloud students students listened took notes invention printing press teachers continued base instruction readings text materials term lego generalized mean teach dictional instruction fashion labeled lecture method lecture method formal informal formal lecture reserved presenting information large groups teacher oral presentation facts principles communication limited student participation informal lecture closely approximates lecture teacher classroom setting atmosphere relaxed friendly student participation encouraged frequently questions students encouraged ask questions clear misunderstandings confusing elements lesson presentation lecture method distinct advantages economical classroom teacher brings ideas focus explaining relationships helping students bypass unimportant details lecture method students exposed knowledge readily experience frame
instructional methods included repertoire instructional strategies sections doubt add endeavor meet needs objectives students role playing instructional method effective objective lesson learned student experiencing situation allowing student assume role role playing heighten student sensitivity feelings role playing safe student act situations participate experiences circumstances simulate consequences decisions chapter role playing interview preparation question answer session instructional method oral testing procedure based teacher formulated questions students response based lecture text materials assignment teacher teacher knows advance responses acceptable approach starting point unit determine student knowledge topic teacher elaborate responses giving information asking follow questions approach limited factual materials valid procedure reinforcing students responses assessing knowledge level discussion method knowing pose present questions important teacher question answer approach establish student confidence subject matter move discussion skillful questioning job instruction sheet teaching instrument permits student follow instructions perform job
guest speaker reinforce teacher says classroom provide fresh emphasis study topic students receive date information current business practices guest speaker opportunity interact students view school system teacher find suggestions potential resource guest speakers sources newspaper articles school surveys community sales agents company representatives business government directories public relations offices large business firms colleges community service organizations professional organizations students parents office procedures teacher careful planning assure maximum effectiveness guest speaker resource person person comes classroom speaker resource person community planning procedures essentially potential guest speaker contacted person understand purpose visit addition details date location number students limits speaker informed students backgrounds level subject knowledge knowing presentation format questions students asked topic suggested outline benefit speaker courtesy teacher ask guest speaker needs equipment services visit class members handle details preparation visit preparing questions students assist introducing speaker greeting escorting speaker classroom setting carrying equipment writing thank note carrying responsibilities agreed teacher students
image affected ego states according dr berne ego feel feeling behave ego states present operating parent ego adult ego child ego act parents person took place parent parent ego listen closely going head hear statements look sloppy outfit learn play piano stupid don drive fast room mess parent operating saying things parents sense parent unfortunately parental statements making critical hand parent want care give advice thing intentions person advise resent parent give impression bossy critical overbearing ego think look situation decide alternative act behave fashion adult adult ego adult ego operates computer behaving adult able deal objectively facts free personal feelings opinions
reasons high level esteem increase chances success attempt let consider ways help build esteem compare admire decide hold common seemingly special abilities developed individual talents discover employ develop special gifts talents ignore course training employ lessons teach blame fate powers abilities mental attitude greater mental capacity think exhausted resources comes deciding moment demanding think possess fail meet test stop trying lose prize belief essential success sense confidence assurance failure matter repeated strength individual determined succeed important factor measuring success expect success quickly easily prepared build carefully slowly profit unpleasant experiences interpret opportunities broadening outlook displaying powers resistance keeping believe ability expect success final outcome
look emotional category list label attitudes check traits room improvement start believe talk emotional difficulties objectively looks brains flexible capable changed feel handicapped emotional faults tendency put tomorrow today tolerate trait easily changed want change fact short want basketball player easy tolerate impossible change born traits undesirable negative image difficult handle trait learn adapt learn adjust learn simply accept challenge realistic recognize traits accept change chapter suggests accent positive traits attitude list select trait references considered negative trait feel changed listed procrastination listed failing care clothes properly forgetting return library books losing things faults lumped heading procrastination put giving attention things trait begin improvement campaign
concerned lack ethics morality business business concerned profits competitive success based rivalry argue business moral ambitious business person look surface evidence study range results morality business survey reveal companies firmly established service interested protecting reputation making single sale making quick profits young firms want establish lasting goodwill interested integrity profit moment testing effect morality hard look businesses sucessfully stood test business person guard record morality valuable possession guard ethical faith sense fair play social conscience guard selfish reasons valuable business capital education successful business interested moment glory success range respect seldom secrets business incident immorality remember facts light ways types records person sale task poorly completed employee promoted forgotten immorality part record record writing whispered
scheme worked removable sticker size postage stamp package brand drug firm representative regular visits pharmacy stickers salesclerk collected redeemed fifteen cents lee able earn fifteen dollars cash week regular wages drug wholesaler refer payoff money bribery socially acceptable needed wholesaler chose refer small bribes perquisites salesclerk box words perks printed course position benefit petty bribery perquisite advantage consider wrong salesclerk accept perks eventually court brand competitor able show scheme illegal brand drug wholesaler punished salespeople partly fault pharmacy managers fault permitted petty bribery occur fact stores allow employees accept perks affect opinion perquisites high level executive positions examples reserved parking space country club memberships stock purchase options company cars linen supply company executive arranged company provide cars travel company business supposed maintenance supervisor maintenance workers employed plant maintenance supervisor car executive children choosing car company expense
changing kind reforming possibly start faults common individual draw rules improvement applicable trait improve learn positive attitude think positive attitude unique occasionally say uncomplimentary worker grumble complain weather teacher supervisor grades pay things lecture human relations speaker giving audience rules living rules stop expecting perfection member audience immediately raised hand snapped wrong perfectionist speaker smiled answered tone voice asked question thing negative negative feelings negative attitudes negative words depressors spirit hearers main thing wrong negative attitude statement negatives contagious morning feeling meet friends tell depressing happenings complain lot worst criticize call attention mistakes happy mood soon disappear side coin contagious tired discouraged mood meet sincere compliment greets smile
ability share sure appreciated companies want businesses working hard create goodwill customers potential customers quality evident employees firm help create feeling public cases appears selfishness rewarded unselfishness unnoticed instances occur course employment community areas living results unselfish attitude evident personality continue trait appreciation unselfishness slow sure opportunity talk experienced business selfishness unselfishness business discover basic respect fair play unselfishness workers dislike violate basic values accused unfairness selfishness cost reward gain pursuing traits express unselfishness lending sharing materials equipment employees need give information services department working pressure overtime complete job unpleasant duties share willingly suggestions familiar grown maxims habitual actions side unselfishness stressed important smooth working business team
chapter importance neat orderly clothing discussed need neatness station neat desk counter orderly keeping order place able find need worker constantly borrows tools workers soon trouble finding friends neatness easily habit worth cultivating accuracy result pride employers searching workers want job pride accurate paperwork learn check proofread carefully uncertain address look files telephone directory deal numbers check carefully error error goes past trait job thoroughness finish start persevere display exactness difficult impress beginners importance thoroughness intentions task entrusted business performed completely accurately business tennis golf habit develop checking able evaluate critically learn check details completed
earn reputation cooperation earn thinking comfort ultimate welfare firm customers cooperation actually expression interest unselfishness demands adjust pleasure interests reward sacrifices reputation cooperation contribute success cooperation simple act sharing materials equipment worker mean helping cover territory salesperson unable mean willingness help customer worker mean holding want disagree sport lost sale showing tolerance listening ideas ideas superior career choose occasions expected cooperate occasions include keeping workplace belongings neat tidy assuming additional duties assignments complaint working overtime need offering services obligated surrender ideas fit policy organization tell devices help show unselfishness pass ideas results experiences listen try help ideas results experiences harmoniously advance interests organization cooperating appointments
writer humorist mark twain observed french lot smarter americans france children speak french real problem learning languages course intelligence question discipline memorization trouble learn language speak half dozen languages remember master thousands words languages master vocabularies running thousands words tend think computer languages complicated especially difficult computer languages complicated difficult learn language computers native speakers human language learned words phrases learned language child prior experience understanding technicalities grammar syntax learned speak started imitating words phrases worked fulfilling need built vocabulary communication skills adding words phrases worked fulfill needs fact point difference mind words phrases series instructions computer specific task called program vocabularies rules govern preparation computer programs form programming languages languages tools tools communicating directing operations performed computers
business problem need lie managing money managing money involve controlling deposits withdrawals checking account consider problem managing money merely maintaining checkbook concerned sources deposits bank account recipients money think need report checks separately kinds expenses payroll purchases material maintaining checkbook method real need manage money controlling cash flow cash flow system involve making sure money account write checks broader approach part logical design program maintain checkbook physical design computing balances identifying problems needs starting point computerized solutions developed programming difficulties arise common problems lack understanding program problem solved large chain store organization developed management plan merchandise shipped stores basis relationship goods stock sales revenues management decided store goods stock times store current sales revenues store restocked standard selection inventory items restocking management expected store turn entire inventory times company failed bankruptcy flaw management statement problem apparent
program compiled command line operating system displayed run program compiled enter run operating system load file execute execute program press letter code file file form compiler assumes code suffix enter filename code file exists course error message displayed enter file press return program read memory disk file executed adder program asks enter number entering number press return key program asks number entry pressed return program shows total displays end program message terminates figure shows console executing adder program bug error encountered compiling executing program general types programming errors bugs syntactical error syntactical errors errors identified compiler compilation type error logical error logical errors bugs inappropriate processing results committed syntactical error compiler presents message identifies point program error occurred coded message form number code identifies type error information error codes found manual accompanies version pascal operating system
pascal naming calling program blocks subprograms method reserved word function procedure called program block function invoked appearance function function pascal program block purpose calculate single return program block invoked functions procedures compound statements declared called invoked program blocks functions program blocks characteristics common procedures principal difference functions treated pascal syntax variables function syntactic equivalent noun stands single procedure hand syntactically equivalent verb calls set actions unlike procedures function assigned body function passed calling block functions declared specific data type non structured data type non structured types include scalar real scalar types covered chapter calling procedure program program statements executed values returned calling block depending parameters parameter list invoking function program statements executed functions differ procedures function returns calling block values parameters called reference single identified function summarize variable stands range data values function stands single results executing program steps set function declared
functions subprograms program blocks identical procedures function returns calling block function pascal implement mathematical function heading function names function parameter list identifies data type returns parameter names placeholders passing values returning data values functions data type parameter list parameter program statements contained function bounded begin end invoked functions syntactic equivalent nouns identifiers names constants variables types procedures functions declarations immediately main program header global identifiers names blocks program declarations procedure function local identifiers names meaning program block declaration blocks nested block parameter list header serves declare parameters compiler var precedes parameter parameter list assigned parameter procedure function passed calling block parameters called reference parameter identified var procedure parameter list receives argument call statement procedure change argument calling block words parameter called changed procedure function applied parameter calling block procedures functions call procedures invoke functions
aspect user window processing functions slow execution portion program situations user feel inappropriate entry disrupted processing entry processing continue processing apt lengthy require user inputs message wait displayed extensive processing progress chart displayed updated user benefit processing phase executed recall pascal compiler displays progress similar fashion straightforward providing status report user display running total number records processed practice provide means user halt processing desired continue processing halted user command message continue press key continue remember display messages slows actual program processing case user requested program halt intermediate results displayed partial run desired intermediate results significant user ability resume processing desired point halt occurred potential problem stems tendency users confused menu driven programs programs main menu menus subordinate menus typically control technique known nested menus messages case notify user program terms hierarchy processing steps defined menus
programs designed accommodate multiple physical output options single program execution output content address specific need output option tasks involved physical output include determining specific data items presented designing format present data consideration permanence information presented falls extremes critical information added permanent records transient data interim output content fixed forms answer question lists specific reports general reports designed output documents key features readability programmer show date program run number pages report space output lines attractively number items list provide headings top page present lists tabular format provide headings column features apply design attractive screen displays crt screen thought matrix coordinates types output programmer identify question answered highlight key items unlike random addressability crt display printers restricted advancing page serial fashion printed line text erased overwritten typical printer larger writing area crt designing outputs printers programmer aware character position line count point program printers allow variable spacing lines typewriters
set mathematical concept groups values according common property rule values contained set members set set planets solar system includes mercury venus earth mars set moons jupiter includes io europa callisto ganymede set celestial objects solar system includes planets moons jupiter sun figure diagram represents relationships pascal offers reserved term set type variables values members form set categorize data sets add members remove members sets determine data item member set pascal operations variables declared type set variable declarations section program set consist scalar values set char set boolean set integer members scalar set real set string set variable thought list check mark item list present check marks added subtracted list list tested item checked analogy illustrated figure table figure lists operations performed sets
pascal reserved word record associate data items groups number data items included record data items types common records means group related data items according transaction relationships transaction involve check electric bill job application insurance claim purchase store typical records group data items collected period series measurements trial scientific experiment practical application pascal term record categorize data data items record need related relationship data items record arbitrary defined programmer teachers mathematics fond warning students mix apples oranges data items coined types apple orange included record integer character real string boolean coined types rocket blue book point defining records powerful tool structuring data concept record flexible programmer implement relationships required logic program pascal program text record type predefined type programmer define record consisting data items type exception file discussed later chapter data single check transaction grouped record type definition section program
selling involves art communicating effectively simply explaining product service benefit customer customers purchase product service convinced benefit owning product service salesperson need explain advise generally help customer fact important job assist customer making wise buying decision word selling defined assisting customer helping customer wise buying decision business america today competitive free enterprise system businesses sell similar products services purchase pair jeans department store women apparel shop specialty store discount store customers purchase product service business important businesses provide courteous friendly service customers customers receive courteous capable help salespeople business decide purchase business effective salesperson need sure provide help customers expect important responsibility salesperson help customers wise buying decisions customers wise buying decisions receive benefits products services purchased benefits called buyer benefits buyer benefit gain personal benefit customers receive products services purchase job salesperson sure customers purchase products services benefit businesses depend heavily repeat customers repeat customers frequently return shop favorite place business
selling important job employer wants effective employer want spend improving selling skills specifically employer want learn business products services learn handle customers according store policies learn selling skills satisfy customers selling hard effective salesperson study job personality skills practice effective selling techniques salesperson analyzes selling skills tries improve sales performance employers want employees interested willing learn selling results benefit salesperson receive training directions experienced salespeople owner manager business directions important follow letter cases businesses reasons things sales experience wish suggest ways improve things employee hold suggestions re absolutely improve sales procedures experience teacher suggestions employees met resentment experienced salespeople salesperson able accept criticism improve salesperson learn benefit criticism expect criticism employer situations criticism let expected aware areas need improve
prestige desire important influence control feel important pool table game room person buying play pool item bought prestige customer purchase limited edition painting customer prestige comes feeling distinction ownership item customer pride fact painting limited edition recognition desire acknowledgement want noticed gain approval lady purchase wig wear likes recognition receives workers customers serves fashionable clothing art objects home furnishings jewelry items luxury purchased recognition customer wants receive recognition help customer feel successful popular course customer looking items gain positive recognition don try sell unacceptable item item date customer soon realize poor purchase sure lose customer motives describe feel relationship want popular known friends seek wealth success conformity nonconformity approval imitation power motives included buying motives prestige recognition customers willing openly admit buying motives present sale
statements regarding shorthand imply shorthand verbatim transcription correspondence verbatim transcription primary shorthand means shorthand shorthand transcription limited correspondence types communications reports documents produced shorthand notes refer chapter production shorthand students secretaries automatically apply shorthand skills variety situations shorthand office procedures teachers teach students versatility skill giving experience shorthand variety ways recording directions prime listening skills ability follow directions assets aspiring secretary secretaries depend memories perform series jobs later find memories dependable anticipated students taught record directions shorthand develop habit valuable office situation shorthand facilitate recording telephone messages messages office visitors process gathering organizing data minutes meetings conferences frequently recorded shorthand easier recording machines problems inherent mechanical recordings technical problems mechanical malfunctions occur secretary transcribing tapes find difficult determine speaking persons speak speaker microphone content understandable frequently executive dictates secretary influenced level communication dictating skill executive level shorthand communications skills possessed secretary
phonography expanded country english widely exceeding system shorthand chamber encyclopedia adapted writing foreign languages occurred isaac pitman lived phonography center international publishing training industry jubilee edition press pitman honored international shorthand congress london later knighthood bestowed queen victoria sir isaac pitman brought art shorthand high level respect utility baker reported phonography english grammar phonetic journal july number taught reporters writers shorthand numbered thousands help home study common approaches mastering shorthand authors frequently worked teachers helping students started complex instructions memory load orientation lasted evenings teacher town repeat performance students crowded hall pitman itinerant vacation teaching inexpensive penny post introduced england correspondence type course students isaac pitman developed learning format offered correct lessons charge members phonographic society provided service lecturers benn pitman isaac brother employed travel proselyters demonstrators interested students james mitchell innovative teaching proposal offered teach system regular basis groups ten twenty students received rebuke proposed strategy lewis
shorthand machines frenchman daniel duplan invented machine called la stenotype invention consisted flat plaque hung operator neck cord hand operated keys dr michela italian invented michela machine italian senate invention resembled small piano signs combination represented sounds mechanical aids phonetic journal june machines developed europe palantype popular england early model stenograph exhibited bartholomew international congress shorthand writers war stone ireland developed commercially viable stenotype machine trained teenagers ireland keyboard entered national shorthand reporters association nsra speed competition manual shorthand writers won easily result machine writers barred nsra membership decades pick opposed manual writers machine shorthand dominant court congressional reporting medium stenograph stenotype brevitype widely reporting machines present machine shorthand taught successfully private schools prepare students reporting positions federal courts record congressional agencies legislative bodies convention activities machine adapted areas facilitating high speed verbatim reporting potential silent operation transcribable persons recorder cold notes full potential shorthand machines realized keyboarding tape serving input highly compatible computer transcription text editing techniques
depression early thousands banks failed billions dollars bank savings accounts passbook accounts wiped incredible today happened savings account member bank federal deposit insurance corporation insured agency billion pool money obtained assessing member banks addition fdic borrow billion treasury required depositor members family accounts bank insured maximum husband account wife jointly bank enjoy protection fdic insurance takes care individual bank failures series failures fdic simply appoints solvent bank agent insured account bank failed paid full feeling security bank depositors rightly actually course ensure failure banks insure savings billion dollars bank deposits federal government afford pay fdic billion interest rates savings accounts bank guaranteed months banks change minds interest pay months interest rates fluctuate money scarce banks charge loans consequence pay depositors
forecast kind number place thrift institutions industry deregulated decreed united states congress gradual deregulation jurisdiction thrift institutions deregulations committee special committee set purpose increasingly distinction thrift institutions narrowing point eventually difficult tell thrift institution computers electronics playing larger role business conducted banks savings loan associations walkup automatic tellers provide hour banking replace individual tellers banks home computers business thrift institutions home deposits banks share accounts savings loan associations money put credit union fixed dollar investment credit unions established private firm government agency provide employees convenient means saving money payroll deduction plan employees members need borrow money credit union street employees want save money lending fellow employees need borrow credit unions pay slightly higher rate interest depositors obtained fixed dollar methods saving nonprofit institutions officers company agency supervise credit union pay cost bookkeeping charge paid clerical help addition share accounts savings deposits credit unions provide draft account draft account interest bearing checking account free check writing privilege
corporation advantages proprietorship partnership important advantages briefly pointed nature corporation continues separate legal existence independently death retirement change composition stockholders directors officers cease exist dissolved stockholders corporation limited liability limited partner partnership individual stockholder lose amount invested corporation buy shares common stock apple corporation lose amount paid shares corporation separate legal entity potential perpetual engage larger operation forms business ownership corporation later ways borrowing money issuing stock approval existing stockholders stockholders large corporations publicly owned don find buy stocks want sell simply sell shares stockbroker auction market stock listed stock exchanges negotiated market stock sold counter seller stock knows bought buyer stock purchased cares part owner corporation stockholder vote stockholders meetings held share common stock entitles holder vote small corporations common stock held voting important
backed mortgage lien corporation assets debenture bonds simply term notes credit rating company offers debenture bonds purchased blue chip companies international business machines company instance offer debentures stockholders immediately oversubscribed financial soundness company mergers company frequent days bondholders agree merger position jeopardized merger takes place dominant company guarantees payment interest principal bonds originally issued absorbed company guarantee extend interest principal guaranteed bonds bonds guaranteed corporation originally issued guaranteed bonds rests earning power soundness guaranteeing company reason word guarantee misleading investor issued airlines railroads equipment trust certificates serial form mature stated intervals jet aircraft cost millions dollars difficult airline companies finance equipment trust certificates issued airlines pledge title aircraft trustee bondholder interest protected bonds mature equipment fully depreciated equipment trust certificates confused voting trust certificates discussed common stocks chapter confused municipal bonds
methods repayment principal bondholders depending method bonds called sinking fund bonds serial bonds callable bonds convertible bonds bonds sinking fund feature corporation issuing required set regular intervals specific amount money purpose retiring part entire bond issue maturity sinking fund bonds originally issued obtain money buy excessively expensive machinery equipment order cash meet maturity date amount corporation accumulate sum regular basis course bonds serial feature issued corporation goverment body serial bonds mature times successive dates serial numbers bonds serial bonds shortest maturity date carry lowest interest rates longest maturity date carry highest interest rates mentioned earlier equipment trust certificates serial issues bonds redeemed option corporation known callable bonds desirable feature investor concerned company call issue conditions advantageous existing conditions money market allow company borrow money interest redeem bonds company calls bonds known refunding operation bonds convertible feature converted type security common stock option holder period
major categories bonds classified issuer safe safest corporate bonds municipal bonds government bonds classified method making interest payment income bonds registered bonds coupon bearer bonds bonds bearer bonds person actual possession bonds owner consequence care exercised handling coupon bonds safe place classified method repaying principal sinking fund bonds serial bonds callable bonds convertible bonds important remember bond prices fluctuate vary inversely term interest rates term interest rates bond prices term interest rates bond prices quotations corporate government bonds found wall street journal understand quotations investor realize added listed number obtain approximate price investor understand fractions terms eighths corporate bonds thirty seconds government bonds addition bond buyer pay seller accrued interest bond interest payment date bonds traded flat accrued interest default bonds purchased primarily income knowing net yield maturity important income bond buyer receive related current market price maturity date bond bondholder times paid amount interest bond calls face amount true yield amount bond bought
systematic withdrawal plan known systematic payout plan shareholder deliberately spends part capital mutual fund account redeeming shares usual amount paid fund percent total money invested shareholder percent percent systematic payout plan systematic payout plan widely elderly widows widowers retired order receive check month receive quarterly dividends end capital gains distribution plan evolved economic facts today inflation high taxes increasingly difficult build estate sufficient size order retire respectably type savings investment account pays average percent provide adequate income want approximately month accumulated discard concept raised thought eventually retire capital intact spend income mutual fund systematic payout plan shareholder carefully monitor account order liquidate number shares originally contemplated plan established market shareholder redeem shares receive number dollars month average number shares redeemed shareholder stays original monthly withdrawal
mutual fund organizations cater small investor offer general purpose money market funds half individual shareholders view accounts part term savings program evidenced small number checks write objectives shareholders investing general purpose funds obtain higher income obtained retaining liquidity earn income short periods temporary supply cash mutual fund organizations history offering wide variety services shareholders general purpose money market funds exception offer transfer privilege mutual funds family funds offered parent company free small administrative fee funds mail statement investor addition withdrawal account stockbrokerage firms offer broker dealer money market funds general purpose money market funds held percent money market fund assets percent money market fund assets broker dealer funds percent general purpose funds larger accounts gravitated broker dealer firms deal primarily stocks bonds larger investor securities account broker dealer investor simply parking cash money market fund obtain high rate return liquidity awaiting favorable invest stock market service money market fund accounts objective fund term savings objective shareholder
mutual funds widely method investing stock market pooling money thousands investors shareholders investment companies obtain advantages reserved millionaires major categories mutual funds category classifies investment companies sell shares consists open end closed end funds open end fund shares continuously offered investing public redeemable closed end fund shares similar individual stocks bought owns sold wants buy category classifies investment companies invest consists balanced funds common stock funds balanced fund invests percentage total assets common stocks remainder preferred stocks bonds objectives balanced funds provide reasonable return conserve investments achieve term appreciation shares implies common stock fund invests assets common stock growth principal prime objective common stock funds mutual fund managers operate goldfish bowl speak investment objectives past performance easily evaluated results obtained money managers advantages mutual funds individual investments include professional selection greater diversification daily professional management sales charge mutual funds understood compared commission charged investing individual securities sales charge high reason mutual funds viewed term investments
word processing haven writing typing storing sending information tools methods today changed appreciate efficiency technology let review methods processing words writing longhand taking shorthand notes manual method processing words pen pencil needed machine hurry writing slow appreciate problem experience times class teacher speaks faster notes fingers move snail pace race thoughts expressed eager fingers mistakes corrected soon hand tired writing shorthand faster longhand speed slower rate speech read shorthand trying read foreign language typewriter tool person increase speed getting thoughts paper type times faster write addition typed words easier read unit learn typewriters changed simple manuals energy saving electrics machines allow typist lift errors change appearance words changing type styles switching type size mechanical method processing words main problem slow office workers typing words minute wam manual typewriters office workers electric typewriters typing wam
load cost force constantly increasing offices forced emphasize productivity industry able automating procedures operations office managers learn industry accomplishment looking traditional offices interesting comparisons manufacturing plants white collar workers increased productivity nearly rate blue collar workers study ten period showed increase office productivity percent manufacturing productivity increased percent finding questioned believe amount produced white collar worker difficult measure blue collar worker white collar workers making half united states labor force problem comparison shows average factory worker supported equipment automate job farmer office worker lack automation reason low productivity office industrial lends assembly line task person office similar tasks handled managers believed justify spending money office office directly involved profit making idea changing number working office greatly increased labor costs rising office productive part business operations productivity clerical workers easiest study tasks measured
close transcribing letter eager letter transcribed pm mail quickly assemble letterhead carbon paper copy sheets flick hand put carbon pack typewriter type current date line letter address typing error correction leave obvious blemish remove paper insert carbon set start middle paragraph phone rings taking message moment find position continue transcribing sentence error correct continue keyboarding typing secretary hall comes desk question interruption find position comes word occasion remember spell stop check dictionary spelling close bottom page slow bit difficult correct error chances realigning type properly slim quickly proofread letter remove typewriter executive sign executive scans letter signing spots typing error paragraph addition executive decides change wording sentence paragraph thing retype letter expect interruptions
desk top equipment consists dictation unit transcription machine dictation unit located executive desk transcription machine secretary desk desk top equipment purchased combination unit piece equipment acts dictation unit originator transcription device secretary case machine moved executive desk secretary desk centralized dictation equipment dictation stations recorders transcription machines separate units dictation units desk microphones telephone receivers located company convenient executives dictation station connected recorders housed central place recorders located room transcribing units originators centralized system costly desk top system dictation station recorder centralized system easier control ideas created paper dictation equipment readable copy needs equipment produce typed page simple electric typewriter sophisticated word processor connects high speed printer computer system word processing equipment user create store edit print text text keyboarded recorded inside machine memory magnetic medium simple command operator remove word sentence paragraph machine automatically closes space words added command opens space text inserted easily text recorded
word processing operations schedule job completed returned originator reasonable limit known scheduling turnaround turnaround goal serves incentive prompt service principals employee realistic goal evaluation turnaround goals depend type assignment turnaround goal memorandum hours limit page report hours simplest type document takes amount costs produce document simple format style complicated format allowing styles type document word processing systems generally format standard format type document fewer opportunities mistakes addition takes train employees keyboard documents decision making letter style company easier faster secretary transcribe number letters executives departments document recorded label code number short indicating stored magnetic medium recording medium labeled document labels allow word originators secretaries easily refer find documents magnetic medium store documents questions answered types documents stored information temporarily stored memory documents permanently stored removable medium
reasons machine dictation encouraged productive cost conscious executives developments increased dictation equipment invention magnetic media allowed recording medium erased reused principals able correct dictation backing tape dictating error mechanical features equipment improved transcription easier major influence dictation equipment development word processing concepts word processing systems combined dictation equipment text editors proved efficient costly means processing correspondence originating correspondence machine dictation advantages dictation machine executive wants dictate dictation equipment office hours office home car airport machine dictation average rate wam fast shorthand dictation times faster longhand transcription machine dictation average rate wam faster shorthand notes wam longhand wam machine dictation offers faster origination transcription involves person dictation cost producing letter according dartnell survey average cost letter dictated transcribed dictation equipment represents percent savings shorthand method
approach storage optical disk shaped magnetic disk magnetic information stored optical disk laser beam burns tiny holes disk coating information retrieved read laser laser reflects light according presence absence holes disk optical disk potential offer storage lower cost magnetic media single optical disk able hold images letter size documents compared documents floppy disk technology developed improve accuracy type storage practical text processing data recorded optical disk erased term storage archival storage practical type recording media printing device converts copy magnetic medium printed form printing device impact printer nonimpact printer impact printers physically strike paper nonimpact printers impact printer serial printer prints character line printer prints line serial printers styles ball shaped element daisy wheel printwheel thimble matrix similar device rotates correct position hammer drives character ribbon action letter quality print means print comparable electric typewriter devices number print styles sizes including pitch proportional print
computers size perform text editing functions insertion word processing software gaining popularity small computers known personal computers pcs companies data processing word processing want perform types machine route word processing software limited basic word processing functions require keystrokes feature dedicated word processors users shop software program perform word processing functions desired company computer sharing cost large powerful computer users locations called shared services user needs word processing terminal computer terminal communications capability access computer service company shared service terminal connected telephone line ordinary telephone receiver coupler attached terminal operator dials computer telephone number proper identification point operator full power large computer recent developments satellite communication networks offer means connecting terminals computer city shared system user pays amount service needs costs shared service include charges terminal connection storage computer center processing computer system output printing telephone wire satellite transmission
stop law firm receptionist takes cs preparing legal document standalone word processor document agreement author training manual written agreement similar recently prepared susan patton saved revising document attorney pulled patton document file needs changed agreement chris dickinson illustration page document highlighted words phrases variables need changed parts remain standard text attorney wrote shown cs works rough draft prepare document cs explains word processor helps prepare agreement chris dickinson times document chris dickinson recorded buffer internal memory word processor needed quickly recalled touching keys cs inserts diskette agreement susan patton recorded calls screen revising document produce document replace feature adjust feature helpful replace feature operator quickly delete text replace text susan patton deleted replaced chris dickinson document copy longer shorter copy adjust feature adds closes space needed text adjusts line endings margin
bunch badly need bath believe ball game called raining hard players want stop rain rain thought going stop till side beat beautiful picture tell player players sure thing sure bunch ready bathtub carl brown playing boarded store floor found cookie look cash hundreds hundreds bills says bread cash cookie takes cake doug dancer works home doctors say move don sit doug trying dance dare kick fire fighters move fast night houses fire fires neighborhood fire fighters busy night children feel glad sad glad saved fire home night hiding bed family big problem home find place live house fixed
high hills texas rain ground hard hard big cracks opened took hands huge doll put cracks looked hands asking help put trick believe short started rain job taking pictures wanted pictures jumper stood ground jumper jumped net thought joined jumper pictures net jumped sky high took picture turned picture kites kites law washington kids flying kites kite law longer law week killed sky wide open today city flying kites family getting kick taking part putting kinds kites kids love pets play want girl play pet animal act pet legs move sad looking pet girl looks sad friend feet
picture pack powerful punch looked building saw building put hurry house lot looked big gray box wanted look happy thought give building face faces took pictures lived building pictures big posters put big posters windows changed look building thing happened neighbors began talking started going knew began friends queenie boxer wins fight lost times porcupine meet poor dog ends covered porcupine quills deep queenie quick visit doctor quills pulled full surprises met person pair shoes owned revis dexter tyler revis run shoe shop reason remember reply show remember revis today lined pairs shoes ready put show school river boat bridge
animals park biggest animal worked think home fly animal thing floating house frogs jumping california contest frog jump boy put frog starting place trying frog front touch free wants blow frog lots noise jump frogs jump frisky fun glad family flyer shot missing gloomy family living found brought home glorious ending story covering lots ground kind green grass grass cut takes money plant grass pay grateful grass think hard tell
big fish big wish boy girl contest proud girl wish pretty miss miss turned catch prize catch big winner feeling sky high wonder finished skating country miles cars country says skates cars skating shows san francisco end trip flying skating hard tell dog slipped slid night things looked bad poor animal feet deep thing dog lot noise watch heard dog slowly carried heavy animal hole smooth sailing big boat carrying oil hit boat storm sea oil began run water waves washed oil close land hundreds birds animals caught oil killed clean oil burn boat seen smoke fire smell smoke mickey girl pet problem likes animals pets sneeze
swift swing took end fight night swift fall hit sway air looked fall think end hot days nights town looking ways cool green lake young girl friends found swell cool tied rope high tree swung water jumped girl tired waiting bus swung upside door church sweet pass bus swooped ground hot digging swinging picks care fast wanted stop food store door building parking lot planted trees picnic tables believe worked owned store switch didn build parking lot gave neighbors food party place lot cars park park mail train deep trouble night mud moved hill tracks hurt cars track trapped water cars stayed tracks turned sides end trail mail
fine start week end tug langston hughes captain bellesen crew getting tug ready sea skipper loved sea boys learning ropes boat learning ropes means learning working boat captain bellesen teaching boats sea hoped sailors grew george turn wheel learning steer important things sailor learns skipper worked boy turn boys busy engine room mate showing shout big engines loud roar paul oil boys learning oil engines oil engines shape boys tell engines ok watching dials eye dials wrong big engines dials show galley mike jim cleaning crash wrong heard skipper shout stop engines hit boat hit piece wood water broke propeller able move help handle problem soon find learning ropes skipper teaching handle tug
call help needed boys read maps skipper stood tried call coast guard radio randy knew fix wires tap sos coast guard sos langston hughes needed help coast guard send help talk radio skipper working fix radio tried fix feeding wires battery calling calling hoping heard waited waited began wonder help heard sound waiting heard loud roar helicopter coast guard wanted call tell coast guard problem roar helicopter loud randy flags show needed coast guard send boat tow home wait didn matter knew help boat tow ready need hour coast guard crew langston hughes ready coast guard ready throw tow ropes langston hughes boys standing catch ropes pulled ropes tied
doug started taking pictures playing football doug photographer famous tell famous lot equipment taking pictures neighborhood kids asked doug knew picture contest sign camera shop front window contest kids kids learn pictures doug camera show turn picture christmas neighborhood vote picture liked picture votes win fifty dollars camera shop gave film started taking pictures place turns camera kevin shooting playing football seventh avenue knew taking pictures action shot playing football friends found contest neighborhood center doug teaching photography class beginners told class contest soon class walked camera shop find lady camera shop told rules contest told neighborhood contest live neighborhood enter contest asked lived
took pictures boys doug took pictures joseph fruit stand thought interesting pictures boxes fruit hungry looking bought apple pictures kids kids front camera shop wanted close picture asked mothers pictures ok kids acted shy knees picture scared let close front greasy spoon coffee shop picture looks looked took picture nice clear runs greasy spoon called soup soup famous hamburgers makes french fries girls hamburger took picture looked nice family goes restaurant supper night bar restaurant took picture thought funny restaurant selling wigs took pictures barber shop ladies appointments don saw taking pictures didn smiled didn want picture mister andy barber shop street works asked pictures lady hair
stairs building wooden squeaky awful lot noise makes super mad minute hears mad yells pop says slicker ok protect building want kids running halls daytime sleeping night neighborhood place pictures project live buildings don look interesting buildings street streets stone think pulled destroyed think look interesting pictures corner spanish american grocery store cold drinks took lot pictures inside leaves flowers cut stone building door kids skateboarding street took pictures home school stop food store mom stop big supermarket vegetables fruit things mom buys buy bananas banana cake cake mom cook restaurant goes clock morning comes home want surprise banana cake yvonne started taking pictures home camera mom stopped picture
nina unusual picture delivering plants store afterward told beautiful flower show park york public library ball flower show interesting displays beautiful autumn flowers baskets fruits vegetables nina carrying camera waiting bus turned saw chance funny shot thought winner doug going police station thought picture contest think upstairs asked officer pictures station told wait downstairs till told pictures police officer ok took picture picture picture guard dog died ago big picture wall don dog station dog till pictures church center live figure happened picture camera takes pictures think camera moved picture anyway boys playing football playing hat coaching team taking pictures
joe bernie church center nice kids joe think neat thing bernie fix camp times camp park need passes park camp maps food need lot food bernie buys food woods wood fire stay tents sleep sleeping bags zip want zip joseph taking picture church block picture joseph nice clear going church think neat picture dressed look re happy picture sunday doug took ice skating central park took picture nice view sky wait line line skates line wanted rent skates line paid money line took picture doug skating skates guy going saw taking pictures picture pretending fall wouldn
mom kitchen brother todd picture cute kid happy standing kitchen stove stove hot ok play finally vote contest pictures hung camera shop pretty excited wondering going win doug acted cool tell excited hung camera shop lot took pictures neighborhood looking pictures going vote picture number knew picture wanted vote camera shop wrote number card dropped card ballot box camera shop ballots look votes school walk camera shop votes counted shop decided put counting votes wanted interested chance vote wait days waiting votes counting ballots took ballots votes pictures pictures police officer barbara brother liked street scenes cars trucks stores lots votes action pictures
david martz sixteen died liked town lived lived funeral high school david star sports music couldn believe sick died months started stop disease took david sick saved sister susan knew knew kidney disease david saved saved help kidney machines susan decided try buy kidney machine nearby hospital thing memory brother found need help happened sunday church stood talk friends neighbors told wanted susan heard save betty crocker coupons buy valuable equipment hospitals wrote betty crocker company find answer company told million coupons buy machine run million coupons church laughed susan asked help town save million coupons susan father posters susan put places town hustontown susan lives turns working month volunteer fire fighters
night night martzes sat table clipping coupons neighbors help clipping mrs keebaugh daughter granddaughter mrs keebaugh clipped hundred thousand coupons week susan nearby towns put posters stores business places pick coupons gave talks groups help drive collect coupons talked church groups scout meetings gave talk tv susan asked newspaper nearest town run story coupon drive happened big city newspaper saw story picture newspaper wrote story susan trying story newspapers united states susan coupon drive took letters coupons started coming country thought heroic young girl big job memory brother wanted help knew newspapers needed million coupons kidney machine knew coupons kind words mean lot collecting million coupons takes susan give things liked coupon drive took free school friends helped batons drop susan house sit share clipping coupons hour
hundreds letters box tops mail lot sorting clipping soon community helping took help town flood coupons sundays martzes clipping parties friends neighbors volunteered help bring scissors stay hours neighbors grinding wheel clipping party sharpen scissors took months susan collected counted coupons buy kidney machines coupons filled fifteen big boxes susan learned cost send betty crocker company mail susan parents decided coupons truck drove thousand miles deliver coupons head company impressed young girl collected coupons person group susan hundreds country helped efforts buy kidney machines martzes home delivering coupons letters coming letter extra special president united states heard susan efforts wanted praise job knew susan family opportunity trip invited washington visit congress white house susan honored efforts help help susan machines put hospitals
boy clothes caught top gym set pulled tight neck escape greve dragged top gym boy child breathing greve worked boy minutes child started breathe sure boy alive neighbor house help asked greve able fantastic thing say don wife cleared trees houses trees seen gym set kitchen window platoon heavy fire hard fighting enemy dropped running trees platoon woods private milton olive soldiers making slowly forward suddenly hand grenade flying thoughts private olive threw grenade blew giving saved lives platoon april government honored private olive heroism father medal honor son memory country highest award brave acts war learned heroic son honored olive letter president
mrs bird cellar wall fell raining days streets flooded inside house dry wall cellar crashing water poured street door banged shut open mrs bird panic swim small window cellar escape bill crane passing street heard cries help cellar saw trouble dashed house flood water high swim cellar door door wouldn open pull boards wall bill pushed cellar freezer floating feet water blocked mrs bird bill dive freezer reach woman mrs bird struggling hold board head bill called help yelled street window screen help pull woman pushed mrs bird window pushed narrow escape today boy scout gold medal brave knew think fast act fast emergency summer tony facetti front house fixing bike neighbor working garden suddenly screamed help
early morning missing smith children found safe sound woods search started afternoon mrs smith realized children left farm looked seen called neighbors help search party soon organized hundred searched children cold night passed pile leaves head popped called mary jane smith found low spot tree told bed baby brothers crawled covered leaves spent night warm protected nest amazing children lived cold winter night amazing sister sense brothers safe woods jim jefferson sister brother driving airport road saw small plane dive woods nearby minutes later crash flames shooting air jim jumped car raced burning plane thrown crash running circles screaming blinded flames jim trapped plane thought safety ran burning plane pilot clothes fire told jim touch
stories book reports news news newspaper today hat month today things change fast easy forget important interesting news weeks look funny sad look happened past learning history happened yesterday history today happens today history tomorrow history record happens changing newspapers place look record past discover ways things ways seeing things newspapers part record happens today happened things happened yesterday happen tomorrow grow news today yesterday country fourth july celebrated bang albany locked noon firing guns streets later fourth july parade large crowds turned wave soldiers sailors marching streets city park fireworks band music speeches games fox river celebration hundreds women children suddenly thrown water standing bridge watching boat race
land country taking government offered free land promise move west settle farm land richest areas opened farming oklahoma territory settling west america biggest farmer wilderness turned farmland cities spread population grew homes businesses farms cover land wilderness today william browne saves wilderness area enjoy news twenty children age fired jobs casey woolen mill week printed stories factory breaking child labor law factory letting children young mill reports case girl worked mill clock night clock morning pay cents reporter visited mill night children eyes open found watchman job mill poke children stick falling asleep hiring service starting week portland chance young looking jobs pay kids dropped school running service say send kids fill job needs
pioneer days united states grown country millions today children school age history thousands schools built twenty costs lot money build schools cost building school rises feel costly school buildings wasted vacations want schools school buildings round turn idea starting today prisoners prison sing sing gloomy picture prisoners prison workers bad cases flu sing sing handle thousand cases flu reported york city yesterday problem growing worse country hundreds thousands sick flu hundreds died public kitchens set feed families parents sick bed steps big cities stop spread disease city offices stores changing hours open large crowds jammed buses streetcars movie houses dance halls shutting schools country closed protect health children team doctors flew bring help medicine village rosita mexico today
travel thousands miles moon cal rodgers mile hop united states trip early fantastic person fly east west american continent took days reach california homemade plane lost prize won race air travel big leap mankind space travel hundreds trying figure ground move air real flight powered airplane took place americans orville wilbur wright took blue orville flight lasted seconds covered feet history fly spot earth hours air chief weather bureau wild ideas point big meeting weather bureau talked instruments surprised saying equipment air trouble readings machines ground readings don give information storms weather need wind speed air temperature machines air instrument readings miles forecasts
group ideas getting decide person decide group let person say voting united states country countries let say running government leaders power leaders voice started country promised freedom promised voice heard america voice continues heard heard vote america vote beginning women allowed vote house farm money allowed vote black chinese religions left ideas changed learned fair run things let vote vote important country vote don bother number don vote large number voting president thought going fire house ball night mack forest told police thought friends minute walked newspaper photographer took picture
newspapers photo printed newspaper paper mail days mail train twenty hours fastest plane picture page photo telegraph wire hours ago picture rescued air crash mountains york rescue picture rushed york city place accident happened hours rescue picture newspapers cities country special machine fantastic machine receive send photographs photo electric signals minutes special telegraph wires carry picture newspaper office kind machine set wirephoto answer newspaper editor dream soon newspapers receiving hundreds pictures hot wire evey small town papers live look read newspaper pictures stories read happen think today birthday telstar brightest stars tv july telstar satellite took space history tv programs shown live happening station space telstar bounce pictures tv viewers earth
live north philadelphia place kids play summer street hang kids gangs lots fights started summer summer guys pioneer track club beginning june marked street play street started teaching run showed warm ready start pass baton runners pass baton lose lot teamwork relay race yard relay race hoping win franklin field working hard running fast passing baton lot practice getting condition spent hour exercises push ups jumping jacks toe touching home uncle volunteered smith playground extra practice practicing wanted plenty room summer developed lot fans block neighbors liked watch practice started getting cheer august getting thought team chance win races franklin field night big meet couldn fall asleep hours
breakfast team met corner smith playground special bus franklin field waited bus warm exercises wanted relax muscles ready run bus late coming late scared miss start races stadium worried meet supposed start clock didn till luck band playing relax watch happening field event yard dash kids barney kids block running race signals begin race starter blows whistle give runners prepare starter shoots gun whistle blew barney charged ahead wrecked runners supposed start running hear gun guess complicated barney barney waited signals race crossed lane events franklin field athletes kids competing sports clubs city pioneers program pioneers set meet city kids chance part big competition pioneers play streets city
pretty exciting jumping contests lots kids trained pioneer coach champion high jumper record jump feet kinds jumping events jump athletes try jump high jump try jump high events pit land jump pit filled sand jumpers getting hurt sitting couldn jumpers wanted closer watch coaches told important wander supposed leave part stands turn run events franklin field running races age group girls meet boys running races runner compete individual run runner compete part team team kids street running teams running race signed yard dash relay race group wait maybe managers event hoping show odd stadium big takes lot spectators fill coach brought paper tell yard dash begin
put effort part sports makes practice train activities difficult dangerous athletes willing chance losing front crowd answer simple theglory winning feeling winning thrill otherfeeling exciting winner disappointing losing athletes win try hardest win give effort winning control feelings lose sports let feeling low angry things don pride love game bad losers learn bury hard feelings bounce contest ready try hardest enjoy sports physical discipline test measure competition game compete opponent sport boxing compete member team team opponents football athletes want compete play team kid fast runner fine thrower strong rower kids part team big thinking acting
athletes started sports love game playing game called amateurs amateur matter player paid playing winning amateur artist hopes give beautiful performance game amateur plays pleasure game soon amateurs begin earn money kind payment professionals professionals sport job professional players hired person group job crowds pay watch show skill chances pleasing highly skilled players outstanding count produce performances athlete professional sport means pleasure spectators living athlete makes sports fans spend hours reading watching favorite sports kinds answers thing realize fans watching game race actually feel performing athletes perfect control difficult movements look easy watching hard imagine control athletes tell fans performance say play fans fans athletes fans
maybe haven live sports events lifetime seen plenty tv watching tv think athletes grow trees week champions playing bowling matches tennis matches ice skating competitions football basketball baseball games matter champions tv outstanding athletes thrilled athlete athlete rare human records help track achievements athletes tell activity records thought greatest achieve broken methods training put practice athletes bigger stronger athletes reach limits ago impossible greatest contest sports olympic games held part thousands amateur athletes countries wide games compete purpose olympics give athletes chance measure skills fair friendly amateur athletes compete battle honor winning medals glory country olympic contests held summer winter track field events highlights summer olympics swimming water sports important gymnastics wrestling boxing
fields science things common physical sciences especially concerned interactions matter energy fields chemistry physics parts biology geology physical sciences physical science study matter energy matter mass takes space matter book matter football air inside matter energy harder define matter easier say energy say energy energy matter forms energy moving object motion kinetic energy change object bumping heat form energy change raw food cooked food liquid inside thermometer move sound form energy makes eardrums vibrate light form energy plants change water carbon dioxide sugar electricity form energy wires hot motors whirl physical science helps understand universe works planets atoms study physical science understanding things physical scientists predict natural occurrences help control surroundings addition background physical sciences professions professions knowledge physical science needed textbook
substance identified qualities traits quality trait substance identified called property properties substance stay volume color mass smell density composition examples properties help scientists identify substances properties identify things boston celtics los lakers playing basketball property uniform color distinguish teams color uniforms depend team playing home means course color uniform property change team appears uniform team property identify team regardless color uniform property stays called characteristic property characteristic kind matter basketball players characteristic properties cases names players printed uniforms characteristic property player players identified style play player special shot move unique characteristic properties player properties change regardless uniform player wearing substance kinds properties physical properties chemical properties chemical property property relates change composition substnace chemical properties discussed detail units
car race heard announcer call speeds cars try remember announcer tell fast car goes announcer tell distance car travel distance announcer car number logs lap kilometers hour fast object moves place speed words speed refers relationship distance traveled required travel distance cases speed object constant travel car car moves faster slower depending traffic weather speed limit cases calculate average speed average speed total distance traveled divided total travel mathematical formula average speed solving problem average speed car trip km calculate speed distance traveled travel distance measure values calculate speed odometer watch calculate speed car carrying destination calculate km trip car traveled speed km course average speed car traveled km average speed car entire trip
confuse meanings temperature heat temperature measure heat substance temperature measure average kinetic energy motion atoms molecules substance compare definition definition heat total kinetic energy motion atoms molecules substance temperature average kinetic energy heat total kinetic energy begin difference heat temperature thinking takes heat water suppose put pots water large pot small pot stove turn burners setting takes longer water large pot boil water small pot heat water large pot reach boiling temperature heat required water small pot reach boils large pot water boiling average kinetic energy atoms molecules pot regardless size pot large pot boiling water water molecules small pot large pot heat energy likewise add energy molecules atoms large pot give average kinetic energy molecules atoms small pot think heat temperature total average kinetic energies substance understand seemingly strange things
happens waves arrive place imagine ropes attached bicycle pump shown figure suppose sending separate waves ropes waves frequency happens pump handle depend entirely waves arrive figure waves bicycle pump exactly instant crests waves arrive pump waves crests align waves undergo constructive interference happens energy waves combined situation shown figure combined energy waves pulls pump handle single wave half wavelength later troughs arrive pump handle happens handle pulled single trough pump handle crest adds crest trough adds trough suppose waves pump situation shown figure crest left arrives pump trough wave pushing handle pushing handle waves crest meets trough waves undergo destructive interference situation show figure destructive interference prevents handle moving
millions bats survived catching flying insects dark bats find insects sending pulses high frequency sound waves waves bounce insects bats find prey listening echoes bats audible sound waves wavelength high frequency reflect tiny insect sound waves frequencies high humans hear called ultrasonic waves frequencies ultrasonic waves expressed kilohertz khz khz hz highest frequency humans hear khz bats ultrasonic sound khz waves wavelength mm small bounce horsefly ships navigation system echoes ultrasonic waves find depth water system called sonar acronym sound navigation ranging system works bat sonar sonar device sends short pulses ultrasonic waves water sound waves hit sea floor waves reflected ship echo echo detected receiver sound waves travel faster water air travel depending temperature water sonar receiver calculates depth water measuring takes ultrasonic pulse return echo total halved ultrasonic pulse travel floor ship
electric charges rubbing kind material produces electric charge stroke vinyl strip wool strip negatively charged happens wool positively charged stroking vinyl strip wool creates kinds charge actually rubbing produce electric charge think happens dig hole ground create things hole pile soil hole place soil missing call negative soil pile soil positive soil total amount soil created soil according benjamin franklin theory stroke vinyl wool remove charge vinyl vinyl negative charge added wool positive total amount charge changed started charge subtract negative charge vinyl positive charge wool result franklin theory basically correct flaw scientists wool vinyl charged particles move wool vinyl particles move called electrons vinyl negative gains particles electrons negative wool positive loses electrons law conservation charge fundamental law nature states electric charge created destroyed
electrons gathered place called electric charge learned clouds thunderstorm develop electric charges charges neutralize electrons move flow place flow electrons called electric current bolt lightning large electric current flowing air fortunately rely lightning produce electric currents switch flashlight electric current produced battery battery device converts chemical energy electric energy battery consists electric cells cell terminals electrolyte electrolyte chemical produces chemical reaction electric current cells batteries dry cells wet cells depending type electrolyte dry cell electric cell pastelike electrolyte flashlight batteries consist dry cells wet cell electric cell liquid electrolyte automotive batteries wet cells figure shows inside dry cell looks terminal cell material electrolyte separates terminals cell hooked device light bulb electrolyte reacts negative terminal battery release electrons action electrons flow circuit positive terminal current continue flow material negative terminal circuit broken wire connected terminal battery electrons flow wire
battery switch wires flashlight bulb connect bulb turn throw switch arrange equipment current bulb material electric current flow called conductor metals conductors electricity conductors known silver copper aluminum gold insulator material carry current rubber plastic insulators seen special tools rubber handles rubber electric wire metal aluminum copper metal surrounded insulator prevent current wire accidently flowing conductor metal carries current thicker wire needed larger current thickness insulation needed depend current potential difference system bulbs switches conductors switch electric device start stop flow current conductor switch open current flow gap current flow bulb things needed potential difference complete circuit potential difference supplied battery adds energy electrons circuit path electricity follows complete circuit terminal battery electricity flow circuit shown figure electrons flow negative terminal battery wire switch
recall particle accelerators shoot particles atoms bombarding nucleus atom neutron nucleus split nuclei process called fission compare fission game marbles small circle marbles fly hit aimed marble ring nuclei act similar manner atom uranium struck neutron splits form atom krypton atom barium energy neutrons shown figure neutrons released fission react atom reactions produce atoms krypton atoms barium energy neutrons imagine occurring atoms uranium reaction soon control uncontrolled nuclear fission basis atomic bomb process action reaction reaction known chain reaction chain reaction similar avalanche avalanche small rock rolls mountain striking rocks path rocks move hitting rocks fission controlled limiting number neutrons reaction nuclear reactor controlled nuclear fission reactor cadmium rods inserted rods radioactive fuel absorb neutrons purpose limit number neutrons neutron fission reaction neutron reaction speeds dangerous rate neutron reaction essentially stops
scientists chemically similar substances dissolve nail polish dissolve water hands wet polished nails acetone chemical remove nail polish acetone chemically similar substances polish add bit salt glass water solution dilute weak dilute solution small amount solute compared amount solvent amount water increase amount salt solution gradually dilute concentrated strong concentrated solution larger amount solute dilute solution continue add salt reach point apparently salt dissolving water hold dissolved salt solvent hold solute solution called saturated solution solution saturated point solute apparently dissolving reality solute dissolve salt added saturated salt water dissolves water happens grain salt dissolves grain comes solution solution reached equilibrium equilibrium solution balance going solution coming solution saturated solution solute solvent hold temperature case salt water ask salt makes solution saturated maximum amount solute dissolved amount solvent temperature known solubility
behavior atoms due extent electrons atoms stability noble gases instance due number distribution electrons elements form compounds determined electrons atom combine resemble noble gas closest periodic table atoms form stable electron arragements sharing electrons atoms losing electrons atoms gaining electrons atoms electrons involved electrons outer shell valence electrons atoms compound held chemical bonds chemical bond force ties atoms compound electrons atom form chemical bond balls cotton candy stick allowed touch order understand chemical bonding models called electron dot models mind model representation actually happening models help scientists students visualize somthing small large actually electron dot model representation valence electrons specific atom look electron dot models figure dots symbol represent number electrons outer shell atom dots drawn specific locations bonding positions electrons draw electron dot matrix elements li rb cl br notice pattern remember electron dot models show valence electrons regardless large atom
certainly important scientific question scientists developed conclusive answer scientists think questions origin universe answered accepted theory explains formation universe called big bang theory according theory million ago entire universe tiny sphere tiny sphere suddenly exploded explosion universe spreading directions think big bang compare exploding firework independence firework shot air small mass explodes matter bursts outward forming beautiful pattern burning particles particles continue move outward overcome gravity air resistance big bang theory explains evidence distant stars moving earth stars galaxies acting particles explosion moving farther farther passes big bang theory explains fundmental structure particles atoms scientists believe start big bang seconds big bang close space dimensions size hot kind particle string kind force scientists called force supergravity short period big bang called string era according theory seconds big bang started universe underwent phase change
seconds big bang scientists believe protons neutrons began form small atomic nuclei hydrogen helium lithium big bang neutrinos appeared weak interactions began occur universe continued expand expanded universe cooled universe consisted plasma electrically charged particles atomic nuclei free electrons plasma resembled plasma fusion reaction according theory minutes big bang universe continued expand cool temperature dropped lower temperature atomic nuclei attracted held electrons universe longer plasma empty space began exist light neutrinos travel encountering particles period big bang today universe began shape stars formed huge clouds hydrogen moved force gravity pulled hydrogen atoms close began fuse forming helium atoms gravitational collapse caused fusion reactions released heat light neutrinos typical starlight formation stars galaxies born galaxy huge collection stars dust material galaxies formed clumps matter dust newly formed stars attracted force gravity large galaxies billions stars soon star formed begins hydrogen fuels fusion reactions fate star fuel depends size
description formation universe includes obvious phenomena phenomena occur stars companions stars large planets jupiter orbit variety objects novas ray bursters binary pulsars explained interaction regular stars white dwarfs red giants neutron stars black holes study universe beginning earth planetary system called solar system consists kinds planets orbit sun small rocky planets mercury venus earth mars solar system close sun gaseous giants jupiter saturn uranus neptune compose outer solar system exact composition farthest planet pluto known rocks ice planets bodies revolve called moons scientists believe moons form ways form manner similar planets form objects captured planet earth moon mars small moons gaseous giants moons making resemble small planetary system pluto moon asteroids comets part solar system asteroids rocks revolve sun approximately orbits mars jupiter asteroids thought materials failed combine single planet asteroids range size tiny pebbles huge mountains drift inside orbit earth occasion crash atmosphere moons mars thought captured asteroids
important discoveries biologists organisms basic kind building blocks building blocks called cells cells small invisible unaided eye cells magnified gently scrape moist skin inside mouth toothpick look scraping microscope type skin cell look drop blood microscope red blood cells suspended fluid organisms cells cells called structural units living things cells structural units functional units organisms words cells smallest units carry activities things organism cells organisms called unicellular organisms single cells study organisms type later book familiar bacteria living things called multicellular organisms cell multicellular organisms cells whales humans consist trillions cells cells complex organisms highly specialized types cells special functions perform living cell highly complex structural chemical system consists thousands substances laboratory organisms substances simpler substances surroundings
ask scientist makes universe likely simple answer matter energy matter takes space energy capacity move matter learning energy affects matter need basic properties composition matter object amount matter measure amount matter object mass weight object measures pull gravity mass mass weighs kind matter specific properties characteristics distinguishes kind matter scientists generally divide properties matter classes physical properties characteristics determined changing basic makeup substance physical properties include size shape texture color substance chemical properties describe substance acts combines substances form entirely kinds matter physical properties substance include odor hardness ability conduct heat electricity temperature substance melts boils freezes physical property substance undergo physical properties changing chemical properties simple kind physical change occurs substance size shape quartz boulders beach ground tiny grains sand waves sand chemical properties boulders physical properties changed complex physical change occurs matter commmon states matter solid liquid gas states matter consists tiny particles
filling outer energy levels chemical bonds atoms compounds stable adding energy compound break bonds atom form bonds atoms compounds process breaking existing chemical bonds forming bonds called chemical reaction bonds break sufficient energy supplied chemical reaction requires input energy started energy required start chemical reaction called activation energy heat common form activation energy sugar exposed high heat bubbles turns black water vapor carbon dioxide chemical explanation change heat energy sugar molecules collide faster faster collisions break existing bonds carbon hydrogen oxygen atoms sugar bonds break atoms form bonds result carbon dioxide water vapor pure carbon energy released forms heat light activity energy lost form atoms change atoms chemical reaction rearranged combinations products reaction water vapor carbon dioxide pure carbon total number atoms sugar originally contained fact illustrates basic laws chemistry atoms enter chemical reaction present products reaction bonds form amount energy released cases energy helps reaction going
scientists understood structure dna able understand dna works scientists discovered dna controls protein synthesis process proteins amino acids proteins part structure organism proteins enzymes control chemical reactions characteristics organism determined proteins ultimately dna dna blueprint protein synthesis located cell nucleus manufacture protein molecules takes place cytoplasm cell structures called ribosomes dna molecules leave nucleus control production protein type nucleic acid acts messenger dna ribosomes carries protein synthesis nucleic acid called rna ribonucleic acid dna rna similar ways nucleic acids nucleotides arranged sequence rna differs dna important ways rna nucleotides sugar ribose deoxyribose pyrimidine base uracil substitutes thymine thymine uracil pairs adenine rna primarily single stranded molecule dna double stranded kinds rna kind called messenger rna mrna carries sequences nucleotides code protein nucleus ribosomes kind rna called transfer rna trna picks individual amino acids cytoplasm carries ribosomes amino acids joined proper order protein ribosomes kind rna called ribosomal rna rrna ribosomal rna helps bind mrna trna step protein synthesis
basic principle biology states cells arise existing cells cell travel learn answer scientists developed theories concerning beginning universe based evidence gained observation laboratory theories exist today explain origin universe scientists today favor big bang theory proposed belgian astronomer george lemaitre big bang theory states universe began billion ago dense concentration matter smaller speck dust reasons today physicists completely understand concentration matter exploded violently energy forms matter created explosion spread space eventually gravitational attraction drew bits pieces matter forming stars planets billions ago clouds molecules composed hydrogen gas began condense form stars stars sun earth planets solar system developed billion ago gases dust orbiting sun dust cloud cool gaseous soon gravity caused local accumulations dust form planets solid matter formed layers according density heavy elements iron collected dense core lighter elements formed solid crust earth surface radioactive decay deep earth raised temperature core molten rock called magma rose earth surface volcanic eruptions forced hot gases nitrogen water vapor magma gases free oxygen formed atmosphere
fifty lamarck presented theory evolution charles darwin british naturalist published origin species landmark darwin presented evidence demonstrated living things earth evolved living things darwin young studying minister student preferring ride horses collect beetles study learned nature offered position beagle voyage exploration accepted ship naturalist voyage began darwin accept idea species change accepted prevailing ideas earth remained unchanged effects floods catastrophes organisms designed especially habitats appeared earth present forms early voyage read works noted geologist darwin began change ideas saw evidence earth south america witnessed earthquake lifted land level feet realized mountains built actions earthquakes millions found fossils marine animals high mountains realized rocks lifted ocean darwin studied animals plants galapagos islands found animals south american continent exactly alike realized islands mainland changed species observed animals plants south america oceanic islands east
young plant cortex forms bulk root tissue root cortex primarily consists loosely packed cells water moves easily cells innermost layer cells root cortex tightly packed single layer cells called endodermis water flow endodermis cells endodermis cell waxy ring prevents water flowing endodermis produces root pressure helps force water xylem endodermal cells absorb minerals create low concentration water inside endodermal cells water rushes creating root pressure endodermis forms sheath tissues center root central tissues form vascular cylinder consist xylem phloem special layers meristematic cells layers meristematic cells called pericycle forms outer layers vascular cylinder pericycle produces secondary roots layer meristematic cells develops xylem phloem layer called vascular cambium produces xylem phloem cells roots grow length width lengthwise growth occurs tip apical meristem cells apical meristem divide elongate cells grow times original length elongation root cells differentiate form epidermis cortex vascular cylinder sequence cell development growing root tip visible regions growth shown figure cells result division cells region apical meristem cells gradually lengthen region elongation
kinds economically important plants reproduced vegetatively commercial plant growers methods artificial propagation cutting grafting tissue culturing methods generally faster easier control natural methods cuttings pieces stem cut parent plant water moist soil medium adventitious roots develop base stem roots sufficiently developed stem planted stem cuttings propagate garden plants cuttings leaves method plants african violets cut leaves water soil roots stems form grafting method propagate fruit trees roses grapes buds section stem called scions cut top plant attached plant called stock rooted soil scion produces flowers fruits seeds root system stock furnishes plant nourishment support commercial crops propagated tissue culture pieces pith center portion stems removed plant flasks flasks growth medium plants develop pith tissue plants develop removed flasks planted factors nutrient supply invasions disease causing organisms controlled laboratory seedlings grown field layering type artificial vegetative propagation branch plant folded covered soil roots produced nodes plants form growth cut planted commercial crops blackberries produced layering
sponges unlike animals put subkingdom sponges simplest body organization animal cells organized tissues organs head mouth digestive circulatory nervous systems early naturalists classified sponges plants plant animals mainly branchlike forms inability move sponges classified animals mid scientists began closely study sponges method feeding sponges live shallow seas found depths ft species live fresh water size sponges range cm ft color range white gray brilliant shades red yellow green purple black sponges shapes look balls discs vases goblets branching shrubs small trees approximately species sponges phylum porifera porifera means pore bearing sponges looking sacks full holes sponge attaches rock shell submerged object move sponges feed filtering food nutrients water body sponge consists layers cells jellylike layer outer layer called ectoderm layer endoderm water drawn larger opening end body called osculum water carries food dissolved oxygen cells digest food called collar cells choanocytes located endoderm collar cell flagellum hairlike filaments movement flagella sets current water filaments
execretory system bird modified conserve water water removed urinary products pass kidney cloaca primary form nitrogenous wastes white solid compound called uric acid wastes intestine kidneys excreted nervous system bird highly developed brain developed areas cerebellum midbrain tectum cerebrum cerebellum controls flying walking coordinating movement midbrain tectum center vision optic lobes place visual impulses interpreted located area cerebrum control center complex patterns behavior eating mating nest building care young cerebrum site bird learning ability serves control center voluntary muscles birds keen senses hearing balance poor senses smell taste depend vision sense birds extremely large eyes detect slight movements eyes unable rotate bird wide range vision neck flexible due large number vertebrae birds owls rotate necks quarters circle owls birds active night dark starlight humans moonlight male birds produce sperm testes mature sperm pass testes tube called vas deferens lower part vas deferens enlarged form seminal vesicle sperm stored mating occurs
percent mammals placentals early development placental mammal embryo implanted wall mother reproductive organ called uterus placenta forms connecting young mammal directly mother uterus fluid filled sac amnion surrounds embro supports development blood vessels amnion connect placenta circulatory systems mother embryo directly connected nutrients oxygen mother blood passes tissues placenta blood developing embryo waste materials pass embryo mother blood developing young mammals nourishment directly mother blood development limited fixed amount food found egg longer period develop permits formation complex brain nervous system period young mammal develops uterus known gestation pregnancy length gestation differs mammals placental mammals differ size shape diet move order placentals shows adaptations adapted walking adapted running leaping swimming flying mammals differ greatly appearance hard believe closely related oldest group placental mammals small highly active animals called insectivores animals eat mainly insects diets vary include snakes fruit birds insectivores biologists think insectivores ancestral stock gave rise placental mammals enormous elephants whales
share physical characteristics primates humans primates developed common ancestor ancestor extinct lived arboreal tree dwelling existence evolution primate traits human traits later important characteristic primates complex highly developed brain compared animals primates brains larger relation body size primates sophisticated eyes distinguish minute details adaptation ancient dim forests keen vision primates due part position eye front face position produces stereoscopic vision ability perceive objects dimensions special eye cells called cones contribute primates keen vision cells distinguish color enable eye sharp images primate characteristic hand digits digits include opposable thumb thumb positioned opposite fingers grasp branches objects arms flexible shoulders wrist joints feature primates bones forearm enable primates rotate hands full semicircle shoulder joints enable move arms directions structures grasping hand permit primates swing form branch branch primates able maintain upright sitting standing posture activities feeding primates share types teeth incisors canines tearing broad premolars molars grinding chewing teeth enable primates eat plants animals
human population existed short period earth billion history human population swelled billion individuals large population arise future ago humans learned build fires construct shelters clothes total human population million small population distributed nearly entire habitable earth sizes populations style adopted direct effect current size human population ancient ancestors hunter gatherers food consisted plants gathered animals killed hunter gatherers roamed land search game gathered grain ripened area moved grain food scarce died starvation related diseases growth human population slow lag phase growth ago humans began cultivate crops domesticate animals agriculture increased carrying capacity land agricultural areas provided food areas hunting fields tend humans ceased wandering hunting ground hunting ground settled place stable food supply greater safety offered settled community human population began increase took human population reach billion advances medicine began reduce infant mortality rate infants died began eliminate contagious diseases began develop systems food production storage distribution
communities obtain water wells pump ground water communities ground water withdrawn faster replenished ground water depleted ground surface begin sink areas western united states ground water depleted heavy water irrigation reason conservationists believe irrigating arid semiarid lands practical run believe gained irrigation obtained high cost cities seacoasts someday meet water need taking salt sea water process called desalination desalination expensive large scale process requires energy areas water shortages occur conservation necessity method conserving water maintaining watershed watershed area land water drains lake stream maintaining plant cover trees shrubs grasses watersheds helps prevent rapid runoff rain water water seeps ground replenishes ground water supply conserve water industries farms individuals cut soil renewable managed properly soil takes thousands form disintegrating rock soil nearest surface topsoil exposed wind water organisms living soil bottom layer exposed resembles original rock layer soil minerals washed topsoil topsoil nutrients plants need grow tons valuable topsoil lost erosion process soil washed water blown wind
percent energy comes oil coal natural gas substances fossilized remains prehistoric plants animals called fossil fuels fossil fuels nonrenewable resource present supply took millions form replaced supply diminishes extracting fuels difficult expensive finding alternate sources energy replace fossil fuels essential believed nuclear energy offered cleanest expensive solution increasing energy needs nuclear energy produced ways nuclear fission nuclear fusion nuclear fission results splitting atomic nuclei process releases usable heat energy nuclear power plants operation today fission nuclear fusion involves fusing hydrogen atoms form helium scientists found practical control release fusion energy method found fusion supply energy needs nuclear power plant operation united states nuclear power replace fossil fuels significantly increased later percent nation energy provided nuclear power worldwide nuclear energy accounts percent energy supply nuclear power held reasons public concern dangers radiation emission safe disposal hazardous wastes cost complexity building nuclear power plant proved greater thought energy sources researched include harnessing water wind steam energy sun
living things cells cells smallest units living things cell living things cells trillion cells body living thing specific organization organization cells arranged living organism organization complex system found nonliving things remain organized cells need amount energy organism disorganized loses energy caused lack food water disease happens repairs times cold flu sleep periods ways body rebuilds energy needs disorganization organism dies living thing reproduces making kind figure shows celled organism called amoeba splitting produce amoebas oak tree produces acorns oak trees elephants mate produce baby elephants characteristics living things growth development growth process organism materials environment increase size grow body increases size addition cells puppy grows dog development includes organism goes grows tadpole develops frog development differs growth size organism goes stages development living things able respond response change organism produced stimulus
measurement important part daily feet comfortable shoes feet measured bought shoes foods sold measured amounts measurement room temperature determines heat air conditioning needed scientist depends quality observations observations correct measurements accurate scientists met decided common system measurement needed allow communicate easily scientists agreed system measurement called international system units si si based units groups ten si distance measured meters meter baseball bat high doorknob meter divided smaller units advantage working si units based number prefixes si show larger smaller amounts prefix kilo means thousand kilometer km equal meters prefix deci means tenth decimeter dm tenth meter course need measure mass object mass measure amount matter object basic unit mass si kilogram kilogram large masses smaller masses measured gram gram equal weight paper clip kilogram equals grams parts gram measured milligrams mg
infants born expect live average infants born expect live average expect live gerontologists scientists study aging asked question age gerontologists agree reach age gerontologists agree genes involved aging sure exactly studies shown proteins produced cells identical produced young cells research shows dna replicates slowly cells young cells mean molecule blocks reproduction cells phases mitosis studies showed takes longer repair dna older combination slower reproduction slower repair dna produce aging results show difference dna difference amount dna young cells dna law nature says systems disorganized goes law called entropy scientists think cells victims law disorder cells appears form mistakes enzymes jobs mistakes cripple cell bring age today scientists searching mistakes research involves study molecules products cells
function stem support leaves connect leaves roots stems xylem phloem plants bamboo sugar cane stems produce store nutrients types plant stems herbaceous woody herbaceous stems soft flexible woody stems harder stiffer herbaceous stems special cells give stems support plants herbaceous stems live growing season called annuals kinds vegetables corn peas radishes annuals flowering plants petunias pansies marigolds annuals plants woody stems plants herbaceous stems live growing season plants called perennials trees oak maple apple pear perennials consider tree perennial growing season stem trunk tree thicker occurs wood deposited outer covering trunk bark internal tissue growth called annual growth ring growth rings seen tree cut vary thickness weather growing conditions rainy tree grow faster producing thick growth ring dry weather tree grow slowly producing thinner growth ring stems xylem phloem herbaceous plant xylem phloem arranged bundles shown figure woody stem xylem phloem arranged ring phloem edge ring xylem inside edge ring
looked plant sitting window sill noticed leaves turned light plant turn window roots grow stems grow venus flytrap close fly examples plants responding stimuli response plant stimulus called tropism plant responds light response called phototropism roots plant grow downward responding gravity response plant gravity called geotropism plant tropisms controlled chemicals occur plant type chemicals called auxin auxins control things stems buds grow larger cells shady side plant grow faster cells sunny side unequal rate growth stem leaf lean light auxins fruit grow flower open leaves fall tree scientists auxins laboratory auxins ways type auxin kill weeds sprayed lawn roots grow faster plant cuttings help farmers grow larger fruits vegetables light important stimuli plants light chemicals interesting things occur number daylight hours season season light affects production chemical effects plants plants called short plants produce flowers daylight hours
body sponge covered small openings called pores give sponge phylum porifera means pore bearing water enters pores sponge carrying algae protozoa celled organisms inside sponge organisms filtered food filtered water pushed sponge opening top part body sponges found sizes ranging cm height height basketball player regardless size sponges feed material small pass small pores sponges asymmetrical body parts arranged divide mirror images symmetry discussed chapter body sponge supported type skeleton types material spongin spicules spongin flexible protein natural sponges sold bath sponges skeletons spongin allow sponges squeezed spicules sharp spikes look crystals viewed microscope sponges shell glasslike skeletons skeletons consist spicules confuse natural sponges brightly colored artificial sponges sold supermarkets artificial sponges factories packaged household cleaning natural sponges purposes artificial sponges natural sponges brightly colored sponges red brown yellow purple occasionally green sponges found rarely blue green blue colors result algae bacteria live sponges
birds efficient bodies adapted flying skeletons special features help fly birds lightweight bones air spaces feature bird birds loon solid bones loon feeds underwater plants small animals live underwater weight bones helps loon dive water effort think solid bones affects loon ability fly specialized parts bird body wings wings strongest parts bird body bird wing human arm hand entirely purposes bones alike digestive system bird similar vertebrates includes esophagus stomach intestine birds special structures crop gizzard vertebrates esophagus connects bird mouth crop store food gizzard grinds food organ especially helpful birds teeth waste materials travel intestine leave bird body opening called cloaca diet birds varies greatly birds herbivores eating seeds plant parts carnivores omnivores regardless bird eats eats large amounts size nibble pick food accused eating bird eat large amounts food accused eating horse actually comparison size bird eats food horse
types communication mentioned deal sight sound animals communicate chemicals called pheromones chemicals serve signals picked animals species depending type animal signals picked antennae nostrils tongue seen ants trailing food scraps found ant scouts pheromones deposited ant scouts ants gather continue follow line ant scout finds food marks spot pressing body ground depositing pheromone scout returns bring food supply colony scout stops mark trail leads ants food pheromone trail ants pick food start nest mark trail food ants return food mark trail minutes fresh pheromones left trail vanishes pheromones reason barnacles attach places barnacles ship hulls surfaces coated protein previous barnacles protein acts pheromone attract barnacles attracting mates pheromones moths pheromones female sends chemical male picks scent antennae antennae male moths feathery providing surface trap chemical
discovered bones dead animal forest field bones white feel hard dry longer alive part living thing think bones living bones living animals alive bones divided groups according shape bones group bones arms legs fingers toes examples bones flat bones group bones protect internal organs body bones skull rib cage flat bones short bones group bones bones slide easily provide maximum movement bones wrist ankle examples short bones bones form bones bone cells thin layer cells surrounds bone forms tough protective membrane important job membrane produce bone cells needed growth repair bone tissue break bone membrane produces bone cells allow bone mend happen bones cells underneath protective membrane bone layer hard white minerals layer minerals think think bones shown figure minerals form hard nonliving part bone inside mineral layer marrow small tunnels connect marrow surface bone tunnels filled blood vessels carry nutrients oxygen surface bone marrow
brain amazing organ performs functions alive brain useless receptor cells receptors provide brain information internal external environment receptors found individually body receptors part sense organs receptors provide humans senses touch taste smell sight hearing function effectively senses ability hear senses limited person deprived sense senses harder provide brain information needs function properly brain depends information decisions affect survival wake morning stretch yawn rub eyes look bearings stumble bed begin part relate depends sense sight eyes responsible sight eye slightly flattened ball partly surrounded bones skull looking eye parts tough covering tissue forms layer eye front layer clear rest white clear part eye cornea cornea lets light pass eye layer tissue absorbs stray light layer capillaries bring blood eye front part layer colored ring called iris
glands reproductive system secrete thick fluid added sperm move vas deferens fluid large amounts sugar chemicals sugar nourishment sperm chemicals moisten sperm ducts help sperm move fluid sperm form semen urethra carries semen body penis urine passes urethra semen hormones produced pituitary gland testes control male reproductive system pituitary hormones control production sperm testes hormone called testosterone produced testes hormone occur male body puberty stage person matures sexually males include growth beard body hair deepening voice increase muscle strength female reproductive system produces female sex cells called ova eggs place development offspring ova produced ovaries located abdomen female fallopian tube leads ovary uterus ovaries fallopian tubes uterus muscular pear shaped organ thick walls smooth muscle located lower abdomen size fist lower narrow end uterus called cervix cervix joins vagina canal opens body hormones produced pituitary gland ovaries control reproductive process hormones control formation release ova
incorrect unsafe drug called drug abuse drug abuse includes taking drugs prescription medical reason taking larger dosage prescribed recommended drug abused drug necessarily illegal dangerous drug abused otc drugs cold abused drug abuse damage body tissues lead death drug period person body gradually presence drug build tolerance tolerance occurs higher dosage drug needed produce effect tolerance drug continue increase eventually user dangerous quantity overdose drug result overdose physical mental injury death drugs safe small quantities toxic poisonous larger amounts high dosages prolonged drugs damage kidneys heart brain damage organs increases risk disease death drugs dangerous habit forming person taking drug longer thinks drug habit drug habit lead drug addiction dependence drug person drug addiction continue taking drug feel normal physical addiction exists body needs drug order properly psychological addiction exists person emotionally dependent drug
timber soil water coal oil common natural resource natural resources parts environment humans timber supplies wood building homes making furniture making paper soil needed grow food forms need water survive coal oil provide energy needed heat homes buildings power machines provide light natural resources renewable renewable resources natural resources replaced ecosystem forests oxygen water examples renewable resources trees cut timber trees grow molecules oxygen process aerobic respiration release energy food molecules carbon dioxide produced waste plants carbon dioxide carbohydrates give oxygen waste cycle renews earth supply oxygen water renewed cycle evaporation precipitation livestock crops fish wildlife examples renewable resources reproduction replace resources harvested renewable resources replaced slowly fish wildlife survive produce generation seedlings twenty grow young forest resources quickly renewed disappear resource nonrenewable nonrenewable resources replaced ecosystem coal natural gas oil metals minerals nonrenewable resources resources formed special conditions longer exist earth formation nonrenewable resources took millions supply nonrenewable resource limited
solar energy energy sun unlimited supply solar energy collected special materials heat water air materials heating living spaces obvious solar energy solar energy source wind sun heats atmosphere air move moving air operate giant generators wind generators modern windmills produce electricity run machines generate light heat geothermal energy comes heat earth areas heat deep earth rises surface geysers openings earth called steam vents release heat air water steam captured energy put productive large amounts energy released reactions involve nuclei atoms nuclear fission splitting large atomic nucleus nuclear fusion involves combining small nuclei form larger nucleus types nuclear reactions release tremendous amounts energy fuel nuclear fission nonrenewable believe nuclear fission dangerous waste products nuclear fission harmful nuclear waste products remain dangerous thousands difficulty safely disposing wastes greatly limits nuclear energy meet future needs nuclear fusion produces waste source energy experimental stages humans control environment organism lived power comes responsibility humans responsibility forms earth
giant smokestacks ohio dying spruce trees vermont subjects scientific investigation acid rain formed industrial smoke trees fish die factories power plants blame declining forests lakes scientific answer questions affects trees fish factories acid rain forms coal burning industries send smoke high atmosphere coal smoke large amounts sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxide gases gases spew smokestacks high altitude toxic gases float days blown hundreds kilometers gases mix water vapor acids formed acids fall ground acid rain snow falling hundreds miles pollution source acidic acid rain natural rainfall ph ph neutral rainfall slightly acidic normal conditions rainfall areas northeastern united states measured ph times acidic normal rainfall wheeling west virginia highly industrialized region rainfall recored ph rainfall times acidic normal researchers interested happens acid rain falls ground scientific studies show acid rain damaging lakes forests northeastern united states canada forests lakes path winds blow heavily industrialized midwestern united states
predicted going happen prediction true maybe prediction wild guess based careful observations period scientists begin investigations making educated guess think occur scientific guess called hypothesis hypothesis stated goal scientists try reach scientists carefully collecting data test hypothesis data gathered experiments experiment test designed give scientist information carefully controlled conditions scientists reliable data designed experiments designed experiment tests variable scientific experiment variable changed characteristics temperature volume color examples variables experiment part experiment change called control controlled variable experiment shown figure students try find water move rapidly gravel sand think water pass gravel faster variable experiment order test hypothesis students control variables affect experiment sure pour amount water tube variables think need control scientists analyze data collected reach conclusion conclusions statements original hypothesis based information gathered conclusion confirms hypothesis cases conclusion creates questions answers
property matter related mass density density measure mass contained volume matter brick block wood size volume masses densities density substance change large piece copper density small piece figure shows densities substances vary greatly density substance characteristic property identify substance greater mass object greater pull gravity object suppose objects volume object dense heavier dense object bowling ball heavier melon size bowling ball denser mass weight density related quantities james hutton lived edinburgh scotland interest science led investigate parts environment result major contributions fields geology agriculture chemistry physics philosophy scientist hutton careful observer studied land drew conclusions origin rocks processes changed eventually constructed theory earth theory proved important development field geology called founder modern geology hutton believed interior earth composed lava crust acting container lava
look classroom objects think objects common tables chairs books air small particles particles called atoms atoms building blocks matter kind atom forms element elements substances kind atom elements occur naturally earth addition natural elements elements known occur naturally think tiniest speck dust largest mountain atoms speck dust small thousands atoms try imagine small atom piece paper tear half tear half half continue tear paper smallest part piece paper characteristics paper bigger atom imagine taking smallest piece paper dividing times approaching close size atom kinds atoms figure shows kinds atoms fluorine calcium ca atoms broken smaller parts changing characteristics fluorine calcium combine form fluorite atoms combine substances fluorite separated atoms fluorine calcium atoms small smallest particles scientists atoms subatomic particles called protons electrons neutrons
studying map give idea earth surface fixed change forces earth surface slowly constantly changing look figure trick rocks positioned sediments deposited horizontal layers sedimentary rocks horizontal rock layers vertical forces earth pushed rocks position forces build slowly causing rocks warp fold fold bend formation caused force fold pushing gently end sheet paper holding end place happens paper slow continuous force build mountain ranges process mountain building called orogeny mountain ranges rocky mountains formed called orogenic belts addition large areas lifted breaking rocks formation areas formed called uplifts colorado plateau shown figure large scale uplift factors rock layers bend pressure temperature earth surface rocks fold steady pressure applied deep earth high temperatures change rocks softer plasticlike material folds easily interesting landforms develop folded rocks exposed earth surface landforms easily studied geologic map area geologic map rock layer represented color number folds shaped patterns geologic maps
abundant gases atmosphere water vapor water vapor produced rains lasted millions rains filled low places earth formed primitive ocean escaping hydrogen lost space gases carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide created chemical reaction remained atmosphere primitive atmosphere earth present atmosphere shown table living organisms evolved earth responsible change primitive atmosphere present atmosphere bacteria living organisms earth developed processes fundamental ammonia primitive atmosphere chemical compounds later bacteria sunlight source energy food bacteria called cyanobacteria food process photosynthesis photosynthesis water carbon dioxide combined chemically sugar photosynthesis releases oxygen byproduct forms needed oxygen survive today green plants cyanobacteria produce oxygen atmosphere gases released atmosphere especially oxygen carbon dioxide dissolved ocean water carbon dioxide reacts rocks forming calcium carbonate million ago oxygen dissolved ocean allow animal evolve early forms creatures shells calcium carbonate carbon dioxide earth atmosphere animals form shells trace carbon dioxide remains atmosphere today
imagine wedding cake layers high unusual wedding cake guests tastes bottom layer marbled cool dense dark chocolate swirled warm light milk chocolate layer yellow cake oven cooling bottom warm top layer dull plain white cake warm bottom touches layer cooler top fourth layer exciting bottom layer cake greenish touches red glow light top layer angel food light thin end sort trails earth atmosphere layered cake layer characteristics temperature composition bottom layer atmosphere nearest earth called troposphere troposphere bottom layer wedding cake mixing air occurs air ground warmer dense air warm air rises cold air sinks forcing troposphere turn overturning type convection creates weather systems distinct difference layers cake boundary troposphere layer called tropopause tropopause layer atmosphere called stratosphere layer wedding cake stratosphere cool bottom warm top
formation soil important aspects weathering process soil growing grains fruits vegetables pasture grasses care preserve protect soil process soil formation slow takes centimeter soil form factors involved formation soil parent material climate topography organisms soil parent material original rock soil formed soils formed shale instance soils formed limestone climatic factors influence soil formation temperature change precipitation soils form quickly moist climates weathering faster presence water soils form quickly significant temperature related climate topography shape land topography affects drainage area look steep slope find soil steep slope water mass movement remove newly formed soil gradual slope soil accumulate carried plant animal soil influences soil formation tunnels ants earthworms instance create spaces air water spaces allow weathering occur soil formed addition dead plants animals decay adding humus humus organic part soil final factor soil development obvious longer soil formation soil
united states live urban areas food wrapped plastic paper containers supermarket demands land increase fed trees cut paper building materials land turned areas live total land area carefully evaluated hectare plants called legumes planted marginally fertile soil produce nitrogen compounds plants contour land studied crops planted terraces flat steps slopes prevent loss soil due excess runoff farmers practice called minimum till farming program soil protected winter stubble previous crop crops planted narrow strips stubble reduce exposure soil drying wind techniques irrigation turning semiarid parts productive cropland places water dropped individual plants sprayed entire fields water evaporates reaches roots plants practice hydroponics growing food plants soil hydroponics water essential plant nutrients sprayed directly roots plants suspended air roots absorb nutrients plants carry photosynthesis growing rich soil efforts engineer superior plants animals laboratory cross breeding organisms desirable characteristics develop plants animals produce food lower cost
places soil holds small fraction water soaks ground water held pores bedrock strange solid object rock porous structure rocks similar sponge try pouring small amount water sponge find water trapped pores sponge amount water rock hold depends porosity porosity ratio volume air space rock total volume rock porosity rock depends shape mineral grains degree cementing rock sand porosity sandstone air space sandstone filled cement porosity expressed percentage imaginary rock mineral spheres uniform size packed closely percent porosity porosities greater percent poor packing mineral grains irregular mineral shapes rock porous hold lot water necessarily allow passage water look cork porous put cork bottle turn bottle upside contents bottle flow cork cork shale porous water move shale permeable permeability ability rock allow water move rock
primary coast results erosional processes land sea level instance sea level lower glaciation water trapped glaciers glaciers melted sea level rose covering drowning river valleys glacier valleys coasts drowned valleys show characteristics stream glacial erosion erosion waves coasts norway greenland england alaska formed sea level rose water entered glacier valleys forming fiords fiord deep narrow shaped sea channel originally formed ice sea traveled mouths river valleys forming bays estuaries bay indentation sea partially enclosed land bay submerged river valley called estuary chesapeake delaware bays york harbor examples estuaries drowned valley hudson river slopes sea york city forming part harbor deep valley waters kilometers upstream mixture fresh salt water mixture waters called brackish waters important nursery areas kinds ocean fish invertebrates living resources sea discussed chapter winds help shape primary coasts dune line forms wind blown sediments accumulate dune line migrate inland winds blow constantly offshore dunes outer banks north carolina moving westward prevailing sea breezes atlantic ocean forces earth shape coasts
salinity measure amount salts dissolved ocean water salinity expressed grams kilogram sea water average salinity ocean kg areas evaporation high higher average salinity areas high salinity include tropical oceans mediterranean sea red sea areas lot rain melting ice river water enters oceans lower average salinity examples low salinity areas arctic ocean baltic sea black sea water flows land called fresh water fresh water thing pure water pure water water molecules fresh water elements compounds eroded rocks soil rainwater rainwater flowing land carries chemicals oceans chemicals stay dissolved ocean water precipitate ocean water accumulate ocean floor chemicals dissolved earth waters silica nitrate concentrated fresh water ocean water silica nitrate concentrated ocean water ocean organisms silica silicon dioxide organisms shells nitrate removed sea water ocean plants proteins elements occur greater quantities ocean water fresh water chlorine sodium elements stay dissolved ocean water making salty sodium chlorine continually added ocean water ocean salinity increase ocean water reached present salinity billion ago excess sodium chlorine precipitate ocean water accumulate ocean sediments
largest ocean current antarctic circumpolar current flows eastward antarctica transports million cubic meters water current caused westerly winds blow steadily west east antarctica northern oceans current circles earth continents winds north atlantic north pacific drive ocean currents similar manner forming circular systems called gyres water gyres tends move center gyre coriolis effect currents shown figure surface currents deep water surface currents countercurrents countercurrents flow opposite direction currents keeping water piling place areas ocean surface currents converge areas current separate diverge major area convergence occurs antarctica antarctic circumpolar current parts gyres south pacific atlantic indian oceans surface water convergence sinks bottom carrying oxygen depths major area currents diverge equator coriolis effect forces surface currents side equator turn opposite directions current diverge coast coriolis effect california current instance turns moves caliifornia coast deep water rises surface replace water diverging current deep water rich nutrients areas divergence marine organisms
summer viking spacecraft landed mars sampled soil atmosphere scientists hoped mars landing yield clues existence red planet viking landers tests demonstrated presently exists mars viking landings science fiction fantasy civilizations earth finally ended fantasy began early amateur astronomer named percival lowell lowell built observatory arizona look mars claimed intelligent race martians built irrigation canals dry planet lowell believed polar ice caps proved existence water mars color planet surface seasonal growth plants hopes finding mars dashed mariner spacecraft pictures martian surface photos revealed dry cratered planet moon earth mariner revealed mars virtually atmosphere atmospheric pressure mars hundredth earth pressure low hold liquid water boil space mariner renewed hopes finding mars photographed dry channels result water runoff scientists mars begun wet period evolved survive recent dry conditions scientists believed possibility mars biological experiments built viking landers viking spacecraft landed martian polar ice cap lander analyzed martian soil biological experiment involved mixing martian soil nutrient rich liquid nicknamed chicken soup
participating laboratory investigations enjoyable experience learning experience ensure learning enjoyment experience making laboratory safe place carelessness lack attention showing major laboratory accidents important follow safety guidelines times accident occur exactly locate emergency equipment safety practice means responsible fellow students safety expected practice safety guidelines laboratory study laboratory assignment advance beginning investigation ask teacher explain procedures understand wear goggles handling acids bases open flame performing activity harm eyes solution splashed eyes wash eyes plenty water notify teacher reflected sunlight illuminate microscope practice dangerous eyes location safety equipment includes fire extinguishers fire blankets aid kits eyewash fountains emergency showers note location nearest telephone responsibility fellow students report accidents emergencies teacher immediately areas free unnecessary books papers tie loose hair button roll loose sleeves working chemicals open fire chemicals dangerous handled carelessly taste chemicals place eyes mouth suction pipette transfer chemicals suction bulb
examine metric ruler numbers represent lengths centimeters usual metric ruler cm marked spaces centimeter represent tenths centimeters cm measure width piece paper place ruler paper end ruler line exactly edge paper look edge paper marks ruler closest edge figure edge paper nearest line width paper cm edge paper fall exactly centimeter marks figure edge cm mark width paper cm write measurement accurate nearest tenth centimeter cm cm want reading accuracy estimate readings nearest hundredth centimeter careful look figure guess number tenths distance marks edge paper tenths space estimate width paper cm figure edge paper falls exactly mark taking careful readings accurate nearest hundredth centimeter record width cm
peter barbara ann brandon lived tall apartment house york windows home look tops trees growing central park morning left school afternoon home took scotch terrier biff run park exercise fresh air biff spring fall winter summer family moved easthampton island cottage ocean children living remember thought sort uncle harry blew ranch mexico peter barbara ann lessons living room late afternoon doorbell rang mother let shouted peter jumping let barbara ann raced hall nora getting dinner kitchen nearest door opened ran surprised stepped mrs brandon tall fill doorway mrs brandon live asked politely taking hat peter noticed hat kind big soft felt cowboys wore movies yes sir nora answered home bad stranger big cheerful voice speaking doors hallway apartment
country property indians white uncle harry began lighting pipe coal fire war bonnet indians plains indians lived big apartment houses built pyramid steps spaniards called houses pueblos villages word pueblo indians hunted game farmers main food corn beans squash peppers vegetables known europe discovered america christopher columbus answered children continued uncle harry course called found indians thought landed coast india children shouted uncle harry part history columbus discovery spaniards began coming america look gold general cortez land called natives mexico took aztec indians later spaniard named coronado led small army north mexico country crossed arizona mexico part texas returned mexico told country part desert part grassy plains fertile river valleys mexicans north mexico settled valleys called home mexico spanish mexican things barbara ann tell things indians uncle harry indians pueblos built houses flat rocks put mortar mud
peter barbara ann alkali jones walked corrals black horse white spot top head running inside jim stood center rope peter saw loop spread jim ground horse ran jim arm jerked forward sweep noose sailed caught horse perfectly fact animal run midair jim planted feet wide leaned taut rope running horse pulled forward heels skidded plowing narrow furrows adobe sending spurts dust don snubbin post called alkali leaning bars corral gate children noticed short post center pen worn middle deep groove jim leaped took turn rope grooved place held horse stopped suddenly jim pulling slack lariat finally horse post perfectly quiet purposely explained jim alkali show youngsters happens foot ropes running horse snub alkali grin glad purpose thought plumb forgot catch horse roped days goin show em lead horse alkali toss hackamore halter hanging gate peter shucks bother hackamore protested alkali twist half hitch nose rope
beachheads toe holds seized white edge north america modern amphibious force advancing enemy defended coast approached warily settlers silent shore red continent jamestown landing party greeted flight arrows silence indians parts met whites misused part indians idea coming friendly temperamental hundred thousand north america idea sharing hunting grounds mouths didn trouble ownership land transfer purchase comprehension accepted trinkets tools offered payment land mere gifts tribute intervals wasn seventeenth century began realize hunting grounds late tough early sixteen hundreds shacks temporary shelters european fishermen coasts maine nova scotia possibly norsemen paused earlier cape cod permanence intention permanence camps record white coming north america idea staying french huguenots built triangular palisade named fort caroline island st johns river florida island washed
special cooking projects large operations rendering lard making apple butter outdoors cookery fireplace masonry planned wood fire cooking warmth fireplaces large england feet high curiously south cooking fireplaces high walk found heavy hewn timber called mantel tree lintel support stonework fireplace opening wood scorched occasionally front rising column heat safe fire inside chimney mantel tree ledges rested ends lug pole pots suspended cook green wood lug pole resist heat renewed frequently dried charred weakened forgot put pole soon dinner fell fire records tragic scaldings accident iron easier wood lug poles later fireplaces gudgeons built hanging swinging crane fireplace built part oven small secondary fireplace flue leading main chimney door oven faced room built opening facing hearth later nineteenth century hinged iron doors primitive times closed wood clay
producing clothes meant merely tailoring meant weaving cloth tailored spinning yarn woven raising preparing material spun linen flax sown harvested end june wool takes full grow animal takes develop flock sheep breeding flax grown estimated sheep england wool wasn clothe population linen produced sooner america makes sense deal making wool yarn operation simpler wheel wool spun wool winter coat fleece sheared sheep weather warmed animal shearing expert operation complete fleece piece wounding sheep power clippers originally hand shears looked lot spring backed grass clippers massachusetts bay settlers clothiers home clothier cloth clothes acquainted wool processing fleece trash sheep managed pick bits pine tar sticks burrs feltings places wool matted hopeless knots fleece scoured dyed wool indigo favorite dye blue course
america biggest secret earth belt continents hitched western half globe times large europe ago greatest geographers europe existed true europeans actually nearly ten centuries ago vikings ventured north atlantic ocean norway iceland greenland north america stayed crews ranging fishermen parts europe beheld land understood vast important geographers fifteenth century believed scattering islands ocean spain westward china course dream thing mighty pacific ocean lying west continents large atlantic learned knew earth flat shape ball wanted show outlines surface drawn atlantic ocean wider stretched continent asia eastward thousands miles actual limit bring shores atlantic gazing sea spain portugal believed side ocean lay cathay cipangu indies names china japan spice islands east tried going reach indies sailing westward sailors spoke atlantic dread romans called mare tenebrosum called sea darkness
sea pinta rudder slipped slot broke making impossible steer captain martin alonso pinzon strapped fleet columbus stayed weeks canary islands find ship replace pinta finding rudder built resumed voyage fleet passed island ferro westernmost canaries hush fell prayed reached end ahead lay sea darkness open ocean columbus picked steady wind blowing northeast observed earlier days sailing coast africa today call trade wind brought sailing ten days nearly miles days measure distance sailed watch water estimate ship speed distances directions matters columbus eager information route indies worth later thing sure frightened indies gave figure honest guess actual mileage secret record thought true distance days weeks sailed sargasso sea enormous brown patch gulfweed floating seaweed ocean look limitless meadow night awesome phosphorescent glow flickered ships
times columbus america looking china mystery china haunted filled sadness land found land thousand spells unfolded beauty wondering eyes cuba puerto rico jamaica south america coast central america panama story cities vast wilderness gold plated palaces grass huts palm leaf tents silk robed merchant princes indians shirt backs times reconciled truth land china japan spice islands part earth learned geographers europe heard called exactly insisted died reached asia days left spain voyage took south america exciting thing happened side vasco da portuguese navigator sailed harbor calicut india sailed east indian ocean european reach india sailing africa cape hope portuguese believe columbus reached indies interested finding reached wanted king queen spain trying rival portugal appealed pope rome exclusive seaway pope settled question picking spot map miles west cape verde islands drawing line ruling spain west line portugal east
let sleep liked sitting kitchen eating breakfast father plate left early touching food drunk coffee mother teddy eaten especially teddy crumbs blobs jam spattered rose patterns oilcloth fly walking enjoying maybe thought meadow sucking honey water pipes hummed thudded mother busy basement thought clear table holiday hoped wash dishes promised dig potatoes turn break soil burn rubbish look teddy thought heard calling fence mikkel racket pushed open window stretched look ivy leif arne standing gate karsten gatepost began wave arms signal saw mikkel shouted didn understand couldn talk distinctly piece bread mouth waved gulped bread milk ran mikkel biters team field wasn half awake field biter team haven heard re going replay biter want revenge say look re scared hurry bredo ball waiting crossroads
biters ball move obviously decided win today tufts grass flying charged bredo managed snatch ball threw jorgen passed leif arne leif arne dark head lost couldn leif arne nipped threw backwards head bredo biter caught bredo pushed insisted karsten referee seen thing let pass didn fuss agreed play harder stuck piece adhesive tape biter lost hissed blackhaired boy scrambled ball hung biters shot goal cheated threw saved ball tossed black head bobbed ahead ball flattened hair straight leather smacked fingers don let don let hooray karsten fenced biters turned centered tor standing uncovered ball didn reach suddenly blackhair threw dug elbow stomach didn hear referee blow ground going front rose tipped sure play rough
couldn believe ill forever biters believed today passed noticed teddy remained child grew physically younger help yes think teddy help things changed mine big brother home school stumbles laughs calls ellik distance holding hands pats prods friends kind welcome sisters brothers boys feel sorry teddy don say don quarrel fight brothers teddy gentle happy course fit plans today fuss hold spoil things irritated yesterday hit honestly felt mean mean felt worse dragged kitchen stairs listened mother voice clotheslines full finished basement called stairs ground floor left deliver aprons maybe shop didn hurry biters surely phoned police arrive soon teddy impossible hide big fifteen boy didn understand supposed hide
modern beaver directly descended prehistoric castoroides million ago largest rodent found earth prehistoric beaver reached fantastic weights pounds beaver today rarity mammal stops growing reaches maximum growth potential wild beaver span twelve captive specimens reached grand age nineteen largest rodent beaver exceeded size capybara south america beaver classified rodent dentition consisting gnawing incisors front teeth sixteen hypsodont rear molars sole member family castoridae order rodentia beaver closely related squirrels marmots lower leg bones separate fused mice rats gnawing teeth rodents truly remarkable constantly growing sharper outer front layer composed bright orange enamel hard rear portion tooth softer dentine animal gnaws dentine wears faster enamel giving tooth definite chisel edged shape teeth sharpening lower pair works upper pair accident malformation teeth longer meet oppose malocclusion occurs deformed teeth grow inches length forming odd curves circles prevent beaver able eat tooth grow piercing skull
april wind shifted night blew steadily south bringing warm rain temperature hovering freezing suddenly soared upward spring thaw difference temperatures melting snow moist humid air formed mist threw shroud forest seemingly effort conceal winter death prying eyes fact couldn hidden nature responded change small brooks gathered runoff water gargle throats hurried hill streams flexed muscles raised ice covered beaver pond mantle beaver lodge large mound trash sticks projected ice inside female beaver raised sleeping shelf waddled plunge hole dived dark waters swimming beneath water directly dam female saw rising water broken ice free mud stick barrier head teeth soon enlarged hole ice big head thrust drinking sounds scents rain drenched forest exhilarating months imprisonment ice spring birth streams swollen labored carry remains winter buds trees lain dormant fall swollen belly female beaver swollen felt stirrings generation beavers
addition signaling beavers believe water slapping startle confuse nearby enemy naturalist writes beaver approaching swimming dog slapped water repeatedly dog turned face splashing water shallow water seen beavers cornered splash tails showering deluge mud water confusion beaver escape seen beavers dry land alarmed slap tails ground deeply ingrained slapping habit beavers area respond warning signal exceptions frequently babies react signal times adults won adults want ascertain danger alarmed beaver deep water apt alarmed warning signal place safety beavers feeding resting shallows slip water swim greater depth land hurry water dive slapping tails lloyd tevis studying beaver colony edmund niles huyck preserve rensselaerville york reported thirteen active responses twenty warning dives witnessed findings bear ratio kits likely respond alarm signal logical creatures exhibit instinctive behavior patterns learn teaching experience french anatomist baron cuvier ably proved beaver actions instinctive
redcoats occupying army british government result earlier riots disturbances tax acts unpopular colonies unpopular boston rioting mobs nearly lieutenant governor thomas hutchinson mansion stoned houses british colonial officials dragged official barge customs collector ashore paraded streets finally burned england government decided put end demonstrations boston soldiers nearly redcoat inhabitants kind action worse situation supposed cure force leads counter force tempers mount violence breaks boston process began colonial city barracks troops british commanders seize quarters needed regiment pitched tents common forced entry town prize meetingplace faneuil hall soldiers quartered house measures provide housing troops individual soldiers homes citizens choice taking high handed actions soldiers unpopular citizens boston start friction townsfolk military constantly increased british troops badly paid badly fed hired spare unskilled jobs lowest wages took money hands laborers boston
stood ground british smoky dusk faces set breath sobbing throats deadly sheet flame weaker swept rim redoubt ragged blast silence grenadiers light infantry line companies bayonets eager earthworks defenders clubbing stabbing massacre raw defenders breed hill panic fought stubbornly clubbed guns drew slowly orderly retreat nearby bunker hill black poorly armed part battle narrow charlestown neck safe mainland general william howe won useless peninsula horrible cost british troops thrown attacks nearly half shocking dead wounded terrible slaughter left indelible mark minds british commanders officer witnessed blot memory officer witnessed want send entrenched prepared rebel troops artemas ward lost killed wounded wild rush ammunition dead loved dr joseph warren sides june crucial british winning suffered tremendous shock americans losing emerged renewed determination spirit strengthened greater event place philadelphia continental congress session
beginning leaders thirteen colonies wanted independence horrified thought winter washington army ringed boston benedict arnold battered gates quebec delegates continental congress philadelphia argued steps colonies house twin fireplaces blazed john hancock presided endless tense debates delegates shouted floor hot objections passed hastily scrawled notes row row recesses paced central corridor arguing pleading storming debated walked market street worried future thirteen colonies beginning call states blind trail signposts guide war mother country hoped wrongs righted peace return british family realistic knew ten road lead destination independence understand problems doubts worries beset patriot leaders beginning mid eighteenth century england fought war enemies france spain general james wolfe stormed heights quebec wrested canada french miracles known england victory closely victory george iii throne england enemies badly beaten peace paris confirmed british arms won
whale overlook cabrillo national monument tip point loma san diego california coastal waters pilgrims monument provincetown massachusetts whales captured eyes hearts americans whale watching favorite pastime blossomed million dollar business continues grow coasts landlubbers whale watching difficult pair binoculars telescope improve viewing locations activity west coast promontories point loma san diego point dume point vicente point la cabrillo beach cape lookout oregon cascade head marine museum san pedro point fermin dana point south coast bluffs mouth wickaninish bay british columbia visible pacific rim national park box island provide clear view coastal waters gray whales point loma winter gray giants sea migrate southward baja california hour ferry auto ride vancouver march april enable watch gray whales march northward alaska summer feeding seas longer trip watch gray whales piers salt loaded ships laguna guerro negro lagoon baja piers ideal platforms watching whales swim feet patience luck observe whales shores cape cod boats beckoning visitors look pass chance closer view whales half whale watching cruise
whales mammals live sea mammals breathe air pump blood chambered heart bear young alive females mammary glands produce milk infant offspring whales mistaken fish lost internalized body parts impede easy movement water forelimbs modified flippers bones found human arms hindlimbs consist vestigial bones deep bodies mammary glands genitals enclosed extended narrow mammary genital slits external ears hair whales sweat glands cool bodies fact develop thick layer fatty blubber beneath smooth skin bones whale skull modified form huge upper lower jaws mouth nostrils called blowholes top head whale breathes blowhole whales breathe air surface periodically exhale air inhale fresh oxygen rich air whales dorsal fin aid balance tail horizontal flukes opposed vertical tail fins fish biologists divide vertebrates animals backbones classes include osteichthyes bony fish amphibians reptiles aves birds mammals class mammalia animals grouped orders carnivores rodents marsupials primtes cetaceans whales cetaceans cetaceans turn divided suborders mysticeti odontoceti odontoceti sixty species toothed whales teeth ten species suborder mysticeti baleen whales
fin whale balaenoptera physalus rorquals fin blue minke sei humpback grooves flesh beneath lower jaws throat fin whales blue whales size average length feet males feet females weigh tons fastest large whales small flippers short dorsal fin located thirds snout tail upper bodies dark gray umber ventral sides undersides light head unique left side dark lower jaw baleen tongue unpigmented white emerge sea fin whale surfaces blows single tall feet spray widens top slowly rolls dorsal fin water motion repeated times ten twenty intervals roll rises steeply prior whale fifteen minute sounding blue whale balaena musculus largest animals exist male average feet length female feet rare blue weigh tons summer feeding average tons graceful streamlined whale stays open ocean migrating polar tropical waters color marine blue gray polar waters coated yellow green algae nickname sulfur bottom shallow dives twenty intervals sounding half hour shallow dives blue whale surfaces horizontally blowhole simultaneously
family hunters rabbit symbol number game animal spend money hunting cottontail rabbit types game combined hunting goes cottontail rabbit king cottontail belongs honorable family primtiive rabbit called palaeolagus put appearance oligocene times ago early pliocene times ago rabbit hypolagus looked rabbit today rabbits hares pikas originally classified rodents rodentia latin word rodere meaning gnaw differ rodents double pair incisors cutting teeth front upper jaws animals separate order called lagomorpha hare shaped order lagomorpha rabbits hares belong family leporidae pikas belong family ochotonidae pika small animal size half grown rabbit resembles hamster grayish brown color rounded ears visible tail pika lives talus slopes western mountains timber line pika interesting activities habit cutting grass curing hay stores underground barn later food average layman misled confusion words rabbit hare hares belong genus lepus larger rabbits longer legs longer broader ears prefer open country unlike rabbits hares hole
jumping rabbit cover feet bounding gait speed open follows straight line rabbit protective cover occasionally jumping cottontail higher observation jump happening jack rabbit living open country fourth leap freak rabbit pennsylvania hind legs leg locomotion prompt local hunters proclaim hard trying hit rabbit hind legs let cottontail toes front feet toe greatly reduced size toes hind feet fact entire foot covered thick hair makes hard individual toes impossible distinguish toes looking tracks hair surface foot insulation grip icy surfaces benefits incidental southern cottontails exhibit hair feet northern toe fitted stout sharp claw nonretractable drawn cat cottontail capable claws strong feet excavate burrow species small western cottontail sylvilagus idahoensis claws serve purpose giving needed traction cleats shoes runners football players contrary popular belief cottontail seldom digs food carrots earth
rabbits breeding females territorial animals private yard females spend lifetime plot acres trespassing female rabbit driven forcibly claiming land males larger range acres thirty acres male territory covers females overlaps held males disputes males occur breeding established pecking order social hierarchy dominant male service greater number females early end december testes males begin descend scrotum regressed body cavity september live sperm soon present seminal fluid rabbit sexual activity based cycle multiples female estrous period repeats days breeding pregnancy occur period females area estrous courtship stimulation play important role association male female cottontail estrous period approaches males attendance female encountering male dominant male instantly asserts rank dominant male alert ears erect forward tail raised male subordinate vanquished past crouch neck drawn shoulders ears straight tail flattened ground position accepted allowed remain area dominant male assert chasing subordinate rabbit area
lewis clark account tells members party poured barrels water prairie dog hole filling dislodged owner able examine closely record expedition edited elliott coues states petits chiens justly named resemble small dog particulars points similarity squirrel head resembles squirrel respect ear shorter tail ground squirrel toe nails fur fine hair gray nearly learn facts lives fascinating mammals phase study concerned early travelers zebulon pike saw journey describe prairie dog kansas giving indian wishtonwish george ord scientifically prairie dog calling louisiana marmot arctomys ludovicianus resembled small marmot woodchuck lived known louisiana territory rafinesque gave accepted generic cynomys finally hollister systematically prairie dogs divided general classes black tailed white tailed social behavior prairie dog remained obscure john king published study group behavior population dynamics glad saw prairie dogs living essentially lived millennia prairie saw texas forty ago naturalists believe population nearly million
cooperation prairie dog town presence enemies demonstrated ways hawk eagle sighted vocal message urgent animal dashes burrow disappears town scene multitudinous activities sociable yips feeding calls moment silent landscape devoid movement sound danger longer apparent clear signal brings activity normal town walks town creates circle barking prairie dogs hundred yards ahead inhabitants scurry mounds final flickering tails disappear burrows prairie dogs left continue alarm observation posts mounds left pop continue protest intruder prairie dogs react differently intruder coyote acts nelson reported stalked antelope creeping flat ground prairie dog town prairie dogs excited curiosity alarm wrote approached mound owners hysterical excitement sit fours stand full height hind feet tail vibrating worked mechanism barking continued intruder rapidly explosively feet prairie dogs dive burrows large grazing animals pronghorns cattle greatly disturb prairie dogs
spring comes late white tailed prairie dogs mountain valleys parks poisoned decimated plague southern colorado colonies hundreds upper cochetopa creek ten thousand foot high country north gunnison snow parts mountain area remains july prairie dogs compress spring summer activities short season manner mountain plants adapted growth flowering fruiting seed dispersal short weeks early seasonal activities mountain dwelling white tailed prairie dogs plains dwelling black tailed subspecies show striking differences white tailed prairie dogs spend social integration clans consist mainly temporary family groups dominated mother litter short spring summer season store fat bodies preparation snow period confines underground jules tileston robert lechleitner studies prairie dog towns colorado suggested lack social integration white tailed prairie dogs feeding possibly accounts rapid weight gains undoubtedly true white tailed subspecies activity ground supposed eating important lives develop social structure social behavior black tailed prairie dogs utilize energy directed accumulating fat prairie dogs subjected greater summer heat mountain dwelling relatives gain fat slowly reason
late october forest fire broke mount desert island maine days fire raged vast tracts land gutting houses hotels destroying large part resort town bar harbor flames finally brought control damage assessed list losses included ninety thousand mice members species mus musculus scientific mouse knows house mouse ordinarily loss ninety thousand house mice considered disaster house mouse pest huge amounts damage food supplies possessions suspected spreading number diseases ninety thousand everyday house mice special mice finely shaped tools science members carefully bred strains research ancestry traced hundred generations loss loss jackson laboratory raised scientific tragedy result fire eighteen records smoke thousand mice saved turned lost immediately gifts money poured rebuild laboratory money gifts mice laboratory finished researchers united states abroad contributed mice jackson rebuild colony descended mice originally bred jackson fire mouse colony contained mouse strains lost scientists
thousand farming communities grew chief crop wheat passed food crops cultivated period pottery invented settlements attracted artists traders put skills services settlements attracted mice places mice shelter kinds stored food eat starting tribes grain farmers began geographical expansion spread neighboring lands inhabited hunters gatherers food started settlements colonies took knowledge farming plants live community took seeds personal possessions took mice living containers seeds tucked personal possessions mice invisible small light weight drab color active night impossible rid happened traveling agricultural tribes traders mus musculus journeyed homeland northern africa europe india china quick establish rapid breeder food shelter living space mice soon mice pest earliest farmers tried protect stores grain set kinds snares traps hunting small game later peoples doubtful caught mice fashion farmers prospered mice mice prospered multiplied spread
generation mice mated pass gene white fur gene dark fur resulting combinations baby mouse inherit genes dark case dark fur inherit gene dark father gene white mother gene dark dominant baby dark fur dark fur inherited gene white father gene dark mother baby inherit gene white parent fourth case white fur baby white fur carry genes white later mated white mouse offspring white parents genes dark fur pass genes white ancient collectors mutant mice lucky white mice male female breed likely found white mouse stumbled creating strain white mice understanding worked strain established simple worshipers apollo smintheus temples supplied white mice temple tenedos earliest recorded instance mice raised protected earlier instances unrecorded evidence ancient civilizations mice numbers forced observe mice habits
ways sticks indian select fairly straight branches proper size preferably willow cut ends sticks straight knife coping saw stick mark sections dimensions shown small blade sharp knife cut bark straight line stick points shown cuts stick hold knife blade stick roll stick cut bark wood cuts point blade peel thin bark cuts bark peeled shown fix sticks manner eighth stick leave bark strip peel rest bark clear ends white preparing sticks live town city branches hard obtain case dowel sticks inch thick inches lumberyards hardware stores stock inexpensive pencil mark dimensions peeled sticks paint inch sections india ink place bark type ink suggested dries quickly waterproof rub hands handle sticks
number play game exciting players team wash pits let dry pen ink draw broad line side stone drop pits bowl basket hold bowl hand slight toss flip pits air catch bowl score counting number pits land marked side lands marked side counts point scoring turn pass bowl opponent makes toss counts score passes bowl player keeps score toothpicks winner toothpicks front twenty tosses playing game divide teams facing players team team makes toss counts score passes bowl opponent directly opposite opponent tosses counts score bowl goes team keeps score toss official scorekeeper appointed end game ten tosses player final team scores tallied team largest score wins bowl game played nearly tribe country plains woodland indians wooden bowl game
august green corn moon boys chippewa village obtained mothers permission gather ears apiece green corn boys swarmed cornfield blackbirds berry bush gathered shady side arrows wigwam quick brown hands darted corn bone awl feathers boy worked making darts husks peeled kernels shelled sharp bone awl holes drilled blunt end corncob wild turkey feathers inserted holes tips feathers curved center activity going boys target thick flat piece birch bark scratched circles sharp stone peeled bark dark bark showed center spot ring soon readiness group fairly level clearing lake target flat ground stick cut point end driven center target ground target lying flat ground held firmly place stick driven drawing line ground twenty feet target boy turn stepped line toed mark hurled corncob dart target scorekeeper score throw game corncob darts played method making darts target differ
zoologists fitted creature small place animal kingdom knows person study animals pictures drawn prehistoric show careful observation beasts provided food clothing tools thousand ago natural history books written author books greek named aristotle called father zoology ideas origin plan grouping animals according characteristics centuries aristotle studied animals wrote gradually naturalists realized early groupings large practical realized scientific method describing animals naturalists seventeenth century john ray englishman attempt classifying animals according relationship animals considered related likeness structure similarity outward appearance hundred ago swedish naturalist linnaeus invented system descriptive latin names animals method foundation system classification naturalists today related animals grouped groups divided subdivided living creatures separated main divisions fall betwixt animals invertebrates vertebrates invertebrate animal backbone amoebae caterpillars ants jellyfish belong division
mother kangaroo baby born hairless thing larger tiny mouse weighs ounce months develops inside mother pouch able hop reached weight ten pounds young joey called australia returns safety mother pocket head poked takes ride hops number kinds kangaroos pouched animals marsupials koala kangaroo native australia gentle furry creatures means defending hunters found easy club death sake fur flesh regions protected zoos leaves kind eucalyptus tree eat mammal feet koala mammals toes foot toes peculiar toes front paws thumbs foot toe thumb toes joined toes furry end sharp claws feet fit wonderfully treetops claws cling slippery bark thumbs help grasp branches
hair grows face lower parts hedgehog rest covered spiked armor mass sharply pointed spines inch pins bent root hedgehog tightens muscles spines pointing firmly outward directions protection attack curls looks prickly ball head tail legs tucked safely spines elastic cushioning quality throw height getting hurt dog meets hedgehog barks bite knows try foxes badgers successful attacks ball thorns litter hedgehog babies born summer blind naked born undeveloped spines soft moles members insect eater order kinds add vegetable material diet insect larvae earthworms favorite food common mole hungry eat amount equal weight occasional night visit open air mole lives underground hunts food planned subterranean main roads side streets surround home moist ground burrowing mole travels inches surface top tunnel raises ridge soil
siebren held knillis hand high mother walked knillis hand fitted middle siebren hand knillis brother months younger father siebren remember home re big father building schools churches houses villages lot mother siebren big holding knillis hand tight stand middle peppermint street call hear holding knillis hand walk nicely don village hear siebren didn answer knillis couldn knillis knew word wasn word da called da village big dogs siebren wasn scared dogs knillis big village walked softly dogs didn notice knillis call da dogs stop look course siebren big afraid dogs bit awful dogs stand wait mother stood watching knillis saying da cat windowsill house passing cat sleeping knillis wanted cat wooden shoes black gold buttons painted baby shoes
knillis didn america giggled kicked shoe making bang stack tracks black shoe rolled dike edge pond hearing wooden shoe clump rattle frogs pond dived pond larks fell sky wanted dive listening sky fields stillness deep dangerous pond frogs dived larks fallen big silence knillis started cry opened mouth wide big round siebren clutching crosstie looking knillis throat crying rushing rush crying pile tracks sitting rushing endless dike scared siebren loud yelled knillis wide open mouth train stopped re america re going home mother stop crying word mother knillis stopped crying siebren scrambled stack rails lifted knillis pushed dropped shoe knillis foot carried dropped shoe hand knillis wouldn start crying wooden shoe woolen sock limped dike edge pond black baby shoe
monday washday mother wait home school start washing knillis siebren crawled doorway pick blocks stood mother standing picked block siebren reproachfully talk baby siebrn care looked mother dumped blocks high chair tray start building blocks knillis started screaming mother let knillis scream pulled chair sat opposite siebren guess explain mother knillis began scream loud mother yell siebren ear understand re going care knillis mother going baby mother shout loud baby bit pink funny face hair steamy wash siebren didn care thing baby knillis want swat blocks build nice try forts castles swat fun swat didn hear mother asked surprised don mind baby sore head siebren sourly care knillis school mother say softly reason knillis suddenly quiet
living rare glorious age discovery rate expansion knowledge universe exceeds ability apace pushes imagination symbol times hope mankind astronaut young wiry strong wise skilled strapped capsule prepared undergo crushing body stress hurtling untrespassed silence incredible velocity history compare present columbus magellan verrazano champlain hudson captain john smith extended age exploration tenor period similar compulsion explore urge venture vast uncharted regions age marked international intrigue competition territory trading rights naval bases mineral wealth english maps contained information gathered spanish french explorers spanish ambassadors london engaged constant espionage securing king copies maps reports soon english explorers completed symbol age drawn repetitively maps admiring cartographers carrack caravel bark pinnace sailing ship strong masted sea worst tempests armed defense hostile inhabitants distant wilderness shallow draughted enter rivers skirt uncharted shoals ships seas brutal fury pushing edge creation bravest times discovered shape extent planet book portrays opening european access part wilderness eastern north america general region jersey nova scotia
sailed shore canoes chief tribe consisting forty seventeen women saw house constructed oak bark circular shape appearance built arched roof contained quantity maize indian corn beans growth lay house purpose drying load ships growing fields coming house mats spread sit immediately food served red wooden bowls houses young sapling trees bended ends stuck ground round arbor covered ground thick wrought mats door yard high mat open chimney wide open hole top mat cover close pleased stand upright midst stakes knocked ground small sticks laid hung pots cook round fire lay mats beds houses double matted matted newer fairer mats houses found wooden bowls trays dishes earthen pots hand baskets crab shells wrought english pail bucket wanted bail iron ears baskets sundry sorts bigger lesser finer coarser curiously wrought black white pretty works sundry household stuff tobacco seed seeds knew
length despair find port cast anchor coast boat shore saw store sea side seeing approach fled stand look beholding admiration animated assured signs seaside rejoice sight marveling greatly apparel shape whiteness showed sundry signs commodiously aland boat offering victuals eat color russet unlike saracens hair black thick tie knot wear tail featured limbs mean stature commonly bigger broad breasted strong armed legs parts bodies fashioned saw handsome black eyes cheerful steady look strong body sharp witted nimble exceeding runners learn experience qualities east parts especially uttermost parts china learn manner living customs reason short abode shore company small ship riding sea sailing forwards found small rivers arms sea fall creeks washing shore sides coast lies
earth resources water precious plant animal evolved water makes widely accepted theory proposes water form vapor compounds present small amounts vast gaseous cloud hydrogen helium sun evolved sun separate body matter cosmic cloud remained whirled space millions planets solar system water original cloud according theory part planet necessarily evenly distributed amount water present form took solid liquid vapor depended planet mass distance sun moon small retain atmosphere water vapor happiest accidents earth size distance sun permit water exist forms liquid form water essential process liquid form water rare universe close sun heat intense water vaporized sun cold water remains permanently frozen planets mars nearest neighbor narrow temperature band water exist states extraterrestrial solar system deemed earth maybe mars fact exists mars drop water earth earth formed remains planet today
whales possess reduced bones representing limbs hips articulated neck unlike fish lack bones caudal fluke dorsal fin story whales began primitive land dwelling mammal million ago creature distant past found advantageous search food marshes estuaries compete land mice lizards stage primitive whale looked similar seal millions trial error culminated contemporary cetacean highly adapted marine environment helpless land addition whale physical features possesses underwater communication system today pretty sure originated sea turn century provocative suggestion carrying proof circulatory system noticed similarity salt contents human blood sea water especiallly electrolytes crucial sodium potassium calcium chlorine salts sea water times concentration find blood ratios ions intriguingly alike sea water growing saltier eons human blood echo primitive ocean salty ocean existed vertebrates appeared established circulatory systems theory recently hard knocks demonstrated primitive ocean vertebrates emerged salty blood walruses live arctic species recognized scientists divide atlantic pacific race
fundamental law animal sea land survive end animals eat procreate food animal grow maturity mature animals reproduce ensure survival sea animals feed set order moves upward lowest highest swiftest powerful general rule eat eaten ingenuity ferocious energy tenacity animals levels instinctively protect act reproduction place animal subject hunger thirst need shelter urge sexual gratification live learned centuries civilization tame instincts defer pleasures basic needs today readily fulfilled easy modern imagine blind power basic drives move animal cycles animals act instinctively extreme circumstances stake modern appreciate force drive survive survival individual course finally impossible animals die nature unsentimental indifference brutality wild unnecessary slaughter animals kill eat dolphins leisure spend peaceully intelligent creatures threat earth food chain keeps animal going energized sun half cent solar energy falling ocean remains due ocean plants mainly unicellular algae plankton primary producers
estimated milion plaice spawn north atlantic female lay eggs eggs hatched grew maturity untouched predators unmoved currents unhurt severe temperature months hosts maturing plaice devour species smaller edible creature sea forms smaller creatures fed turn proliferate point find sufficient food success single species wreak havoc system species mortality rate cent attrition caused predators food chain growth species held strict control number factors water temperature surface temperature strength random flow ocean currents sweep vast quantities helpless eggs larvae food sources wash ashore sunlight air shrivel dry compensate dangers fish animals sea developed number ways begin continue majority ocean species enter eggs eggs float surface remain developing larvae need sunlight oxygen order grow holiday plankton dangerous immobile exposed young creatures easy prey fishes ling cod mate open sea leave fertilized eggs fend afford female lays millions eggs eggs bound survive ravages predators controlling factors
hundred million ago fish fins jaws moved awkwardly ocean floor sucking food find mud eventually fish appeared primitive jaws larger fins accidental gave steering balance speed ability catch fish jaws found eat greater proportion jawless fish smaller fins faring successfully died sooner greater proportion breeds survived longer group opportunity reproduce oftener contributing greater number offspring subsequent generation reproduced passed characteristic genetic information subsequent generations exhibited larger proportion faster fish today result processes thousands varieties fish developed species highly specialized success environment parrotfish feeds coral developed pair jaws solid hard bone beak set thick teeth fused internally parrotfish beaks butterfly fish spots tails flounder sole swam vertically fish viperfish stomach stretched special characteristics evolved selection course process environment acted sieve strain individuals suited death generation reducing number increasing majority fittest animals change americawn comparative anatomist romer writes turtles shelter armor conservatives reptilian oldest forms contemporaries earliest dinosaurs dinosaurs passed mammals took place turtles calmly placid
plants animals grow reproducing body somatic cells accomplished division nucleus cell process continuous rapid early stages growth enhanced diet ideal evironmental conditions hindered aging disease unending called mitosis cell plants animals reproduce method stages development begin chromatin thickens nucleus cell chromatin genes express character species size shape coloration weight structure internal systems minute detail chromatin material forms thin rods called chromosomes chromosome divides lengthwise pairs normal number chromosomes cell squeezes spindly shape half chromosomes rushing end cell half spindle parts middle group chromosomes caught end equal number undivided chromosomes original cell dissolve chromatin nuclei formed identical cells sexual reproduction meiosis takes place similar body growth important difference genetic variability ensured character strongest successful members species maximum opportunity express giving species optimum chances survival cells identical genetic character avoided generations spawned sex cells gametes plants animals including female ovum male sperm share ancestry fertilized cell produce sex produces haploid cell cell half required number chromosomes normal diploid cell
despite power ministers magistrates dissenters appeared dared challenge puritan rule roger williams believed forced worship stincks god nostrils vigorously advocated religious liberty criticize government driven colony massachusetts bay anne hutchinson met fate dared criticize sermons minister greater menace puritan colony appeared barely month humiliation ship swallow barbados entered boston harbor passengers disembark port agent ran house richard bellingham acting governor brought grim tidings quakers arrived swallow bellingham moved fast soldiers dock double hold quakers board search baggage search confirmed governor fears devil invasion boston begun hundred heretical books found belonging plainly dressed quakers promptly removed ship town jail quaker invaders lone women mary fisher ann austin overly surprised boston rude welcome puritans eyes priest dominated group idol temples bells tolled market bell gather priest set wares sell puritans ruling england control shown tolerance quakers mary fisher knew quaker suffer massachusetts faith publicly whipped england crime preach college gates cambridge
excitement massachusetts bay week executions governors connecticut nova scotia boston urge court hang condemned quakers popular anger killing religious beliefs mounted daily morning executions crowd gathered prison window story cell william robinson preaching town marshal hastened disperse crowd soldiers drive afternoon prisoners marched town gallows boston common fearing popular outburst troops leading avoided main streets boston quakers tried speak marshal drummers sides drown voices hand hand mary dyer middle victims approached elm tree gallows large crowd gathered common distance troops boston chief minister reverend john wilson constantly taunted doomed quakers jacks authority hats william robinson managed reply din spectators hear mind mind putting hat put death robinson mount scaffold words interrupted minister told silent die lie lips marmaduke stevenson die succeeded shouting sentence atop ladder summed issue quakers puritan rulers
aged ann hooton returned barbaric punishment times constant challenge cart whip act edward wharton salem farmer dared court hang trial wenlock christison repeatedly whipped occasion thirty lashes knotted rope tied cannon colony impress power puritan rulers fourteen revived cart whip act brought desired results quakers persisted activities majority ordinary colonists revolted brutality magistrates whippings frequent gradually town town ceased arrest quaker residents incoming missionaries puritan rulers final effort revive dying spirit persecution arrested worshipers quaker religious services punished jailings whippings local quakers continued defy attackers quakers colonies helped resist margaret brewster barbados showed courage determination mary dyer seventeen sunday morning puritan magistrates faced problem mrs brewster quaker woman walked slowly puritan church services going amazement worshipers consternation minister saw dressed sackcloth ashes traditional mourning costume biblical times face blackened hair dirty disheveled feet bare told churchgoers warn bloody town boston end cruel laws
fossil things persons implies object consideration buried kind definition beginning fossils form part ending search origins story tell strange belief fossil kind evidence need strictest sense word fossil represent animal plant living earth today mean scraps evidence bones turned stone prehistoric tracks known connecticut river valley massachusetts places entire animals dried mummified caves smaller animals shellfish find shells stony cast internal body imprint shell things qualifies valid fossil homes animals preserved case burrowing types animal refuse helps form important picture prehistoric remains food habits animals dead millions rare instances eggs fossilized rarer cases unborn young preserved body female give insight distant past things fossils course petrified bony skeleton vertebrate typifies word
large group animals represented earth history movements preservation bodies worm trails worm burrows numerous rare finds fossilized worm easy understand coral shell bearers disregarded prehistoric animals cases resemble free moving animals worms overlooked reasons sandstones shales showing clearly complicated pattern burrowing worms garden walks stepping stones rock garden source fossil worm trails simple animals types looked earthworms yard developed flattened swimming bodies show structural similarity primitive fishes evolved later worms growths bodies resembled plumes projections enabled walk caterpillar prehistoric worms substantial animals fragile things jellyfish larger dim past hundreds millions ago worms left clear record times deciphered scientists collects fossils interests tag vertebrate invertebrate easier seek invertebrate animals backbones interesting trilobites trilobites scavengers crawled ocean floor bodies covered horny jointed shield divided parts shields smooth simple appearance covered bumps spines trilobites ranged size fraction inch foot total length
cephalaspis birkenia pteraspis fish mentioned book rare fossils important oldest animals known backbone fish relatives lived fresh water fish jaws feeding scooping process paddles help swimming eyes weak assisted primitive sensory organ located top skull eyes suggested crude fish protected electrical shocking device drove enemies part head collection sensitive parts body area centers protected head portion protected hard plates millions fossilization learn deal organization animal body fish ancestors eels mutual lack jaw common ancestry portion total picture evolution fish missing find primitive fossil bridges gap jawless fish types biting jaws birkenia primitive small fish lived fresh water total body length inches unique features classification difficult found curvature tail peculiar spines top bottom body misled studies fossils depicted wrong side birkenia fish preserved parts distinct body covered small plates fore part head plates joined present firm shield protecting head
seal flippers bat wings bird fish fins animals front hind limbs human beings arms legs flipper arm wing let compare inside flipper study structure animal body inside called anatomy let begin investigating anatomy seal flipper looks big fur covered flap consists framework bone give support muscles attached bones move flipper structure protected outer covering furry skin examine arm main parts twist turn idea works notice top section single bone humerus middle section lower arm consists bones radius ulna section wrist hand small pebble bones wrist slender hand finger bones fanning cooperative pet dog cat compare arm find comradeship common pet forelimb part arm humerus radius ulna wrist hand bones surprising shaped seal compare flipper bones arm pet forelimb find bones exactly position arrangement names bones short stocky seal flipper complete arm seal tool swimming
kinds vertebrae comes set neck bones rest ring shaped special movement head atlas neck vertebrae twelve spinal bones ribs attached called thoracic vertebrae lower small heavy large strong bearing weight lumbar vertebrae feels single broad bone actually vertebrae immovably joined form sacrum bone tip dangle tiny tail bones fused coccyx basic spine mammals numbers bones vary spinal columns fish need kinds vertebrae water supports weight movement water practically effortless eyes set sides head sides fish bend neck neck bend kinds vertebrae mammals fish kinds body trunk tail bones firsthand investigation fish bones engrossing skillful person care remove meat tail bones salmon remembering easily broken cooked cans offer examples smelt mackerel fish seafood store worth examining
study backbones mentioning ribs study ribs leave bones ribs attach vertebral bones circle connect breastbone front feel bone properly called sternum front chest found land vertebrates salamanders frogs toads small strip cartilage amounts reptiles birds takes tremendous leap size bird sternum large shield chest big keel juts front attached powerful flight muscles white meat chickens muscles birds greatest flying ability weight entire bird wishbone birds represents collarbones joined mammals kind sternum keel especially runners bounders collarbones find trace dog cat sorted mountain bones find begun fall main groups roundmouthed lamprey group hagfishes roundmouths cartilage fishes sharks skates rays bony fishes trout goldfish salmon amphibians reptiles birds classes mammals including seventh vertebrae alike fishes differentiated classes put backward mammals animals differentiated fewer kinds vertebral bones spinal column animal
margo slid open glass door leading patio bedroom set jacuzzi pump twenty minutes tested temperature water left foot tossed robe redwood platform slowly lowered hot tub allowing swirling water surround body late august night air clear crisp mountains lit full moon sounds margo breathing gentle gurgling water tub inhaled deeply full aroma cedar steamed closed eyes felt tensions disappear margo voice coming stillness night startled looked saw barrels overgrown petunias geraniums surrounding hot tub remembered pick dead flowers didn stop flourishing voice standing side weathered wood fence barely asked sharply wondering drink andrew broder staying house door margo snapped didn tell impolite spy neighbor spying eleven late drink asked yes night person feels early morning expected apologize leave looked certainly curious friends husbands saturday seen struggling grocery bags
case mother running robe looked belonged ancient movie star michelle thought expecting michelle admire god michelle understand wrong mother winter impossible michelle margo took wrong naturally wasn going tell margo truth robe plane flying home today michelle hoped school vowed try towels bathroom floor unwashed dishes left sink sarcasm hoped margo treat human recognizing fact feelings hours left summer michelle tried pinpoint exact change couldn wasn end mother love affairs intense house margo weeping place putting big phony smile sake children end affair margo tended appreciate kids show lot attention affection leonard leonard mother boyfriend divorce trouble married kids girls boy anya deidre stefan dumb asshole names phone wife gabrielle put phone cry say give daddy michelle eleven
week phoned margo asking meet drink boulderado point soon ordered perriers hathaway apartment haven seen lately margo told rent university summer find secure andrew broder months beginning week august say hundred fifty dollars month re going find place live margo asked decided deal sounds tricky sure want involved don let find place sara going spend want decent neighborhood leave rent place twenty eighth street re business surely margo okay re sure want yes margo knew times feel desperate making plan helped gave feeling control separation freddy margo experienced kind despair mapped plan eventually changed mind sinking feeling disappeared
outward sign spring ocean lazy drift seaweed sargassum weed left stillness winter sea moved rafts floes northward gulf stream sun heating waters quickening currents weed simply told sailors seafaring biologist change place spring ocean hermit crab edge water florida key largo seasons subtle barely defined felt warming ran cool beach feet sticking gray sea worn conch shell pile seaweed stopped looked saw brilliance sun dark flatness ocean rotated eyes stalks saw palm trees gray color misty vague important saw beach important saw shells splattered shells things crab fact cool january dawn shells important saw bigger climbed seaweed thousand compound eyes saw conch shell thousand times mind eye saw shell eyes bring picture brain ran shell molt grow bigger stay house pinched shell hard foot shot clamped hermit crab turned shell occupied kind fight death home
soon planted crab shell anemone stung fish hermit reached took anemone sense moral justice care caught minutes later fed tiny lobsters lived sponges morning hermit walked female kind firmly took shell claw lifted sand carried seaweed bed put eat microscopic dwelt mud let ready molt tell behaved pulled muscles shell held eaten dragged ashore pieces fish feed left sea gulls decorated tiny sponges red anemones crabs sea garden animals closed water inside crabs ate scrunched save water twilight male hermit feel tremblings mate shell meant soon toss carapace sea swiftly ran ocean pushing swimming paddles carried female base pier hollow sand water moved piling waited female shed coat presently arched body lifted shell free small skeleton snap home waited ready mate
elvers sargasso sea story wonderful sargasso sea sea lies thousand miles west canary islands parallels meridians west greenwich swirl tea cup creates calmer center sea center formed sea currents move edges atlantic ocean atlantic current gulf stream atlantic drift canary current africa north equatorial current spin ocean cup calmness sargasso sea cup tea tea leaves eventually swirl center sargassum weed floating seaweed airpockets cells swirls calmer waters ocean cup sargasso sea sea weed miles tons marks special spot earth beneath weeds deep stillness ocean story eels begins ends eels thousands miles rhine po hudson potomac rivers spot spawn secrecy meet lay eggs die knows find sea rivers continents water eel eggs roll slowly gentlest currents moving faster faster spring sun warms surface sea rolling hatch elvers look leaves wiggle forward begin journey rendezvous seen
nearly country today issues paper money money kind appeared china fact largest paper money history issued chinese dynasty notes measured inches thirteen inches smallest bank note appeared rumania rumanian note smaller matchbook cover american dollars size dollars green backs countries colors peruvian paper bill green yellow gray blue brown red tourist peru careful observant quickly learn note color american bankers variety size color currency americans prefer present uniform size color dollar underlined words article thing modifying nouns word modify means limit change words careful observant modify noun tourist tell kind tourist trouble unusual currency words green yellow gray blue brown red describe noun tell colors backs largest modifies noun money tells size modifies note tells words tell underlined words article adjective parts speech noun naming job sentence adjective job modifying nouns pronouns adjectives meanings nouns pronouns clearer giving precise vivid information
marie sklodowska curie polish born scientist discovering chemical element radium husband pierre curie worked extract gram radium salts tons pitchblende mineral paragraph describes physics school paris curies worked wooden shed leaky roof floor inadequate heat obtained permission carefully purified repurified tons ore smaller smaller samples intensely radioactive material care baby irene destined famous scientist irene curie burning determination husband wife team going face mountainous difficulties paragraph marie curie underlined word words curies irene names persons word paris names place words roof ore names things words difficulties determination names conditions feelings activities underlined words noun parts speech noun word person place idea sentence noun naming job nouns identified special characteristics singular nouns person thing plural nouns person thing nouns plural adding es singular common words nouns noun signals chart italic type suffixes ends thousands nouns
news stories editorials short result extensive preparation dorothy fuldheim distinguished television commentator explains thirty appearing front cameras comments opinions read decide underlined words holidays known talent performers studio christmas holidays usual shows takes studio starts thirty end thirty newscasters read scripts written case write editorials takes reflection gather material read newspapers magazines books night rapid reader material scientific data unfamiliar scan article quickly decide information say photographic memory farther truth photographic mind remember words phrases prehensile mind grasps holds facts stores need words pronouns pronouns noun repeated referred pronoun word substitute noun widely pronouns chart notice subject object pronouns
pearl buck american author expert writing descriptions notice clearly describes young woman wang lung turned woman looked square honest face short broad nose large black nostrils mouth wide gash face eyes small dull black color filled sadness clearly expressed face habitually silent unspeaking speak bore patiently wang lung look embarrassment response simply waiting seen saw true beauty kind face brown common patient face selection eudora welty describes wilderness american south green branches closed step trumpet muscadine vines big vines pillars trunks trees arches buttresses passion flowers bloomed white purple rays shoulders feet walked steaming hot shade wilderness put hands hanging vines feared snakes sudden cool thousands silver bells frogs rang swamp closed open sky seen river quiet fire burned bluff moving outward cold blur water spiraled net lay side circles twinkled faintly sky
sentence subject verb sentences need complements complete meaning subject verb article proverbs complements underlined knows proverbs short sayings common words advice warnings express sympathy consolation proverbs bible offers readers famous ancient greek roman writers frequently shakespeare benjamin franklin created recorded popular proverbs knows authors common today proverbs rhythmic learn easily provide convenient colorful comments everyday events complements found predicate sentence help sentence express complete thought complement word group words completes meaning verb kinds complements direct object indirect object subject complement covered lessons examine italicized words proverbs early bird catches worm rolling stone gathers moss cooks spoil broth subject italicized word performs action verb direct object italicized word receives action verb direct object word complete predicate receives action verb easy locate direct object remove prepositional phrases adjectives adverbs complete predicate noun pronoun remains direct object sentences compound direct object
preceding units discuss sentences parts sentence units show ways parts speech assembled meaningfully write apply learned grammar tools assemble ideas brightest effective form writing composition study suggestions improve prepared begin sentence subject adverb prepositional phrase participle participal phrase infinitive phrase adverb clause noun clause excessive number short sentences combine sentences similar ideas simple sentence compound subject compound verb compound sentence complex sentence join ideas excessively change independent clauses prepositional phrase verbal phrase appositive adjective adverb noun clause write declarative sentences variety change interrogative sentence imperative sentence exclamatory sentence regular word order sentence write sentences inverted word order adverb verb subject prepositional phrase verb subject exclamatory word order direct object subject verb subject complement subject verb write awkward unclear sentences submitting paper diagram sentences discover needless words read composition aloud ask friend examine composition comment
nouns grouped according types things noticed nouns begin capital letters nouns objects touch nouns qualities ideas touch understand nouns divided groups proper nouns common nouns easier group identify proper noun group country city town street fact specific names places proper nouns proper nouns capitalized easily recognize quick look map newspaper magazine give idea large group nouns language called common nouns common nouns harder pin capitalized remember noun specific person place idea thing common noun compare examples proper nouns common nouns group nouns according abstract concrete things concrete nouns places animals things touch hands perceive senses abstract nouns qualities ideas touch nouns meet consist word teacher desk chair nouns consist words single noun nouns called compound nouns describe classify noun noun classifications noun university mexico proper concrete compound noun
played game rules important chess instance rules require pawns kinds moves rooks kinds knights kinds players follow rules game turn chaos grammar grammar game system definite rules involving structure functions words arrangement words sentences building sentences instant automatic decisions words word order don stop think rules grammar rules exist surely rule move rock exists chess follow grammar system rules rules need terms definitions difficult terms define sentence let try define study cartoons page sentences difficult question answer answer depends definition sentence single fool proof definition going talk sentences agree sentence define sentence word group words express idea cartoons sentences single word yes cartoon expresses complete thought yes context don means context cartoon conversation word yes carry complete meaning
noun word group words names object person place action idea object sit chair chair noun friend domingo blanco domingo blanco noun tallest building york city trade center words constitute noun nouns physical objects things seen touched perceived nouns names things seen heard felt directly hear feel freedom love hate freedom love hate nouns ideas abstract nouns nouns physical objects actions called concrete nouns nouns compound words compound nouns written words joined written separate words written hyphenated word general rule follow words constant stage change doubt check recent dictionary current usage chart examples ways compound nouns written nouns collective singular form group persons things list commonly collective nouns collective nouns singular form singular plural meaning noun group noun singular referring group unit
ago mankind realized dream reached exploit stars form race called delikon stars reached anger earth ships damaged strange worlds alien starships punished earth couldn called war lasted earth starfleet destroyed random cities deep pits fused glass orbiting surface craft incinerated power sources shut chaos reigned week overlords landed alien conquerors dissolved boundaries customs laws imposed restore enforce order delikon established unique military bases staffed creatures appearance stuff nightmares universities closed technologies destroyed newspapers video broadcasting current events ended awareness disorienting humans laws regulated dress language behavior firm caste system established clerical families factory families musician families farming families mining families individual escape series tests belonged controlled delikon powerful benign practical planet remained overcrowded wished emigrate encouraged era emigration millions potential colonists left earth worlds apparently found sought returned forgotten delikon remained rule earth underwent structural adaptation foreign adaptation failure suspect venerable
mountains obscured view convoy solitary rider let horse pick careful ridge timberline grove mountain ash small band riders waited waved rode looking unkempt guide reporting senior officers returned salute glad unlike trespassing kelador belonged aron delikon gave chosen children knew real kelador home childhood kelador boundary limit knew cared crossed boundary age twelve returned today saw machines riders asked saw waited elaborate military equipment sure joined aron give full attention common sense honestly think kelador suspected plans alive let borders guests sanctuary re taking risk meeting taking risk governor aron bluntly formulated strategy end kelador tyranny woman reminded agreed aron appointed commander reasons sector offers point attack poorest desperate leader trust
caves cosmic order located timberline remote part mountains months snow blocked access sheer cliffs allowed place aircraft land approach twisting narrow trail wide permit horsemen ride single file designed data source interstellar races follow caves essence vast museum indestructible replication results aeons earth evolution works occupied limited space caves shrine delikon entrance caves stood sanctuary lived human artisans caretakers devotion abstract escaped caste truly religious intervals lived members ruling house supervise contribution simply contemplate infinite patience creators sidra wanted palace cleared ambassadors arrived varina alta jason left morning visit caves varina escort cornelius flown ahead evening village foothills trail caves began luggage part trip horseback children packed unessentials cornelius found prudent packhorses load private children join morning befits personal bodyguard cornelius large looked aging warrior going gray veins beginning cord muscles brown arms
kim clicked round registering turnstile halted amazed entrance hall stood larger figures buddhist sculptures savants forgotten workmen hands feeling unskilfully mysteriously transmitted grecian touch hundreds pieces friezes figures relief fragments statues slabs crowded figures encrusted brick walls buddhist stupas viharas north country dug labelled pride museum open mouthed wonder lama turned finally checked rapt attention large alto relief representing coronation apotheosis lord buddha master represented seated lotus petals deeply undercut show detached round adoring hierarchy kings elders buddhas lotus covered waters fishes water birds butterfly winged dewas held wreath head pair supported umbrella surmounted jewelled headdress bodhisat lord lord sakya muni lama half sobbed breath began wonderful buddhist invocation law maya held beneath heart lord bodhisat excellent law pilgrimage begun yonder sahib kim dodged sideways cases arts manufactures wing white bearded englishman looking lama gravely turned saluted fumbling drew notebook scrap paper yes smiling clumsy childish print
return white robed clerks subordinates government offices stared dizzily directions looked save hindu urchin dirty turban isabella coloured clothes suddenly bowed head knees wailed boy standing hast thou robbed chela disciple thy disciple boy place died account merit gained bowed law pointed museum show road lost led wonder house talk emboldened speak keeper images cheered strong faint hunger begged chela teacher suddenly suddenly mind taught law road benares kim stood amazed overheard talk museum knew speaking truth thing native road seldom presents stranger purpose find river seek river arrow kim superior smile
sizzling goods yard handle heavy northern grain traffic devils lama recoiling hollow echoing darkness glimmer rails masonry platforms maze girders stood gigantic stone hall paved sheeted dead class passengers tickets overnight sleeping waiting rooms hours twenty alike orientals passenger traffic regulated fire carriages stands hole kim pointed ticket office give thee paper thee umballa benares replied petulantly benares quick comes thou purse lama trains pretended started southbound roared sleepers sprang station filled clamour shoutings cries water sweetmeat vendors shouts native policemen shrill yells women gathering baskets families husbands train te rain wait amazed lama immense simplicity handed small bag full rupees kim asked paid ticket umballa sleepy clerk grunted flung ticket station miles distant nay kim scanning grin serve farmers live city lahore cleverly babu give ticket umballa babu scowled dealt proper ticket
seen money pass halt cried impressive english ye takkus annas head annas enter road side road order sirkar money spent planting trees beautification ways bellies police kim skipping arm reach consider mud head think nearest pond frog thy father law hast thou heard thy brother leave boy cried senior constable immensely delighted squatted smoke pipe veranda took label bottle sodawater affixing bridge collected taxes month passed saying sirkar order englishman broke head ah brother town crow village crow policeman drew abashed kim hooted road disciple cried merrily lama earth picked thy bones ten miles lahore city guarded thee consider mind thou art spirit evil imp lama smiling slowly thy chela kim dropped step side indescribable gait distance tramp
police worst hai son thou learned thou cames belait europe suckled thee pahareen hillwoman dalhousie mother thy beauty shade dispenser delights sort took fine judicial tone stuffed mouth pan sort oversee justice land customs land europe suckled white women learning tongues books worse pestilence harm kings told tale large ignorant young policeman disturbed small hill rajah ninth cousin matter trivial land case winding quotation means devotional mood changed bade escort ask lama walk alongside discuss matters religion kim dropped dust returned sugarcane hour lama tam showed moon haze heard kim gathered woman wept ooryas half apologized rudeness overnight saying known mistress bland temper ascribed presence strange priest personally believed brahmins natives acutely aware cunning greed brahmins irritated begging demands mother master wife angry cursed retinue real reason offside bullock going lame pole breaking night prepared accept priest denomination india
mess tent ordinarily chastized let believe thief talks english attaches sort charm round neck thought help roman catholic chaplain irish contingent lay bennett believed unbridgeable gulf noticeable church england dealt human problem likely call church rome bennett official abhorrence scarlet woman ways equalled private respect father victor thief talking english let look charm scapular bennett held hand open sound whipping thieve protested kim hit kicks body give charm fast look father victor leisurely rolling poor kimball ne varietur parchment clearance certificate kim baptismal certificate confused idea wonders son scrawled scores times look boy look boy signing regimental number full powers darkness father victor passing bennett things yes kim mine want understand bennett brought purpose begging trick kind
sweep board reminiscences st xavier looks boys native altogether forget sahib examinations passed command natives kim note began understand examinations led holidays august october holidays imposed heat rains kim informed north station hills umballa father victor arrange barrack school kim asked questions thought yes suppose master harm mischief young de castro delhi kim considered light diligent colonel advised boy holiday property talk companions advised barrack school torment st xavier magic worth write months discovered speak party cost half anna knowledge word lama remained road kim yearned caress soft mud squishing toes mouth watered mutton stewed butter cabbages rice speckled strong scented cardamoms saffron tinted rice garlic onions forbidden greasy sweetmeats bazaars
sahib spends purpose love thee kim slowly knew ago told colonel sahib words plainly altogether mud head yea told te rain lucknow tell thee friend telling lend thee head forfeit kim deep relish umballa thou didst pick horse drummer boy beat speak plainer tell lies save thou equally thy forfeit chose raise finger known kim readjusting live charcoal ball weed sure tie thy hold surer mine miss boy beaten death thrown roadside simla passes hills hand say mahbub ali found dead horses surely colonel sahib inquiries kim face puckered cunning overlong inquiry ask colonel sahib horsedealer lived thou wouldst surely die
te rain running fro dark side trucks te rain moved slowly fell sitting truck hajji lump tobacco wrap paper put salt bag yes struck struck sahib buck horn kim meant conjoined black buck horns sole temporal weapon blood sahib smiting senseless smote stabber short gun rolled hand raged mad mahbub smiled heavenly resignation dewanee madness case civil court word punned ways nizamut criminal case gun sayest thou ten jail lay think nearly dead put te rain heads moved blood line seen blood jail sure place assuredly give false names assuredly find unfriends mine thy fate mine string tale healer pearls swiftly saddlebags cooking platter horses simla swiftly orientals understand speed explanations abuse windy talk carelessly amid hundred checks things forgotten untidy camp broke led half dozen stiff fretful horses kalka road fresh rain swept dawn
rip van winkle happy mortals foolish oiled dispositions easy eat white bread brown whichever thought trouble starve penny pound left whistled perfect contentment wife continually dinning ears idleness carelessness ruin bringing family morning noon night tongue incessantly going sure produce torrent household eloquence rip replying lectures kind frequent grown habit shrugged shoulders shook head cast eyes provoked fresh volley wife fain draw forces house side truth belongs henpecked husband rip sole domestic adherent dog wolf henpecked master dame van winkle regarded companions idleness looked wolf evil eye master going astray true points spirit befitting honourable dog courageous animal scoured woods courage withstand terrors woman tongue moment wolf entered house crest fell tail drooped ground curled legs sneaked gallows air casting sidelong glance dame van winkle flourish broomstick ladle fly door yelping precipitation
usual crowd folk door rip recollected character changed busy bustling disputatious tone accustomed phlegm drowsy tranquility looked vain sage nicholas vedder broad face double chin fair pipe uttering clouds tobacco smoke idle speeches van brummel schoolmaster doling contents ancient newspaper place lean bilious looking fellow pockets full handbills haranguing vehemently rights citizens elections members congress liberty bunker hill heroes seventy words perfect babylonish jargon bewildered van winkle appearance rip grizzled beard rusty fowling piece uncouth dress army women children heels soon attracted attention tavern politicians crowded eyeing head foot curiosity orator bustled drawing partly inquired side voted rip stared vacant stupidity short busy fellow pulled arm rising tiptoe inquired ear federal democrat rip equally loss comprehend question knowing important gentleman sharp cocked hat crowd putting left elbows passed planting van winkle arm resting cane keen eyes sharp hat penetrating soul demanded austere tone brought election gun shoulder mob heels meant breed riot village
bosom spacious coves indent eastern shore hudson broad expansion river ancient dutch navigators tappan zee prudently shortened sail implored protection st nicholas crossed lies small market town rural port called generally properly known tarrytown told days housewives adjacent country inveterate propensity husbands linger village tavern market days vouch fact merely advert sake precise authentic village miles valley lap land high hills quietest places small brook glides murmur lull repose occasional whistle quail tapping woodpecker sound breaks uniform tranquility recollect stripling exploit squirrel shooting grove tall walnut trees shades side valley wandered noontime nature peculiarly quiet startled roar gun broke sabbath stillness prolonged reverberated angry echoes wish retreat steal distractions dream quietly remnant troubled promising valley
amberhurst village downs looking map called downs re asked kizzy hills ran green chalky horizon valley wide village nestle stood clear plain short street leading common jumble cottages edged green miss brooke cottage common cuthberts white house stood top village street garage market garden post office bakery shop council estate school side spread amberhurst woods house park chestnut trees church part park plot drive house crowned knoll yew walk lawns walled kitchen garden seen downs stables cupola clock hay loft weathercock sunshine glinted miles avenue lime trees led tall gates nat lived lodge grass creeping huge stone house bell comes hand ring mrs cuthbert admiral let villagers play cricket grounds pitch rolled smooth horses high bred yearlings olds grass paddocks goes trained nat admiral twiss thin fierce eyes eyebrows moustaches village children bristle hands fine thin gentle horses told deft
kizzy sat ground chin knees brown cardigan cover arms round give boyo box mrs doe commanded cold coming sit ground re making fool boy uncle jess mrs doe took notice word kizzy let big heavy boy thick corduroy breeches warm place mrs smith told kizzy call aunt em room plank bench kizzy sat ground smaller sight forget live perfectly orchard joe wagon talking head wish mrs smith mrs doe fill orchard argument uncle jess re family children stay talk mrs smith mrs doe lights trailers threw bright circles grass brighter lights orchard gran oil lamp pink shade wagon stood unlit midnight mrs doe don want snoopers won tonight smith cold snow falling
admiral twiss breakfast village ate newspaper spread table peters nat lived whisky hard boiled eggs food tins fried bad mrs cuthbert wonder woman say house dreadfully neglected village say mrs cuthbert village women invited hall vicar told fraser school headmaster doctor harwell dined house played chess bridge admiral twiss quiet talk villagers sorry admiral don manage mrs cuthbert told miss brooke look groomed fed miss brooke pointed morning admiral fashioned breakfast coffee porridge liked salt kidneys toast served silver dish toast marmalade true admiral twiss looked lonely cloth laid end mahogony table seat twenty tablecloth fresh morning peters delicate patterned china shone cleanliness silver room women chase dirt peters deal vacuum cleaner hand admiral spring racing aintree topham trophy grand national august dublin horse show london firm peters gave house cleaning attic cellars rest rooms closed
tremendous wave pounded heavy timber fell indians attack ship boy asked nay lads grew restless took small cutter rowed ashore boat found won eyes open stay ship don worry head david tugged damp shirt wandered stern sturdy boy age broad shoulders solid frame determined air mop golden hair blew ruddy face boasted broad smile large bold eyes blue summer sea warning cover grey cloud scattered burst sunlight beamed ship turning dull canvas sails mass brilliant white gulls swooped dodged rigging mainsails lift feet lads look alive dozen british tars scrambled web rope ladders sidestepped flimsy line strung yards knives flashed necklaces clinked furled heavy canvas david gazed marvelling anew courage clung dear dangling sea langley heeled perching deck righted want climb aloft mainyard davie young sailor turned father leaning helm pardon father don think sir changing subject captain spencer replied look starboard point land rocks find narrow entrance sheltered inlet riding waves
fish turning blooming fish meself keeps mate young sailor complained salmon grimsbey announced weighed stone foot tip tail big davie spencer suddenly fo le fell hushed eyes turned bottom ladder walters stood shirt hand face drawn scowl shoulders drooping glanced shuffled place table seated visible ugly reminder sitting dim lamplight cast strange shadows torn flesh dangling red strings wished open conversation dared newcomer reached took crust dry bread began chew slowly rose found excuse topside left walters bony havlock eyed sam link pirate roamed caribbean teenager link climbed feet moved hatch glanced returned table slumped narrow bench opposite walters cook vancouver link began cat tails walters stared vacantly ahead link continued wait chance grimsbey aye scraped fingernail bone handled knife trying likes link havlock broke ship walters don deed link argued says walters stirred eyed link walked bunk flopped stomach shut eyes
rain squalls lashed ship let low clouds hung grey lid inlet cheer returned cold surveying shores david knocked stepped carefully doorstep entered cramped officers quarters tray roast duck platter sideboard served father passed portions perkins officer wiggins fourth officer scarfe young seventeen voyage navy finally biggs ship surgeon looked boy stood watch eat resplendent white powdered wigs heavy navy blue velvet tunics trimmed fine lace davie ask cook fresh strawberries duck doctor captain spencer wiped chin silk napkin sir surgeon agreed boy disappeared wiggins leaned captain lad hard captain infant think due say fortnight officers eyed captain stiffened huh captain spencer looked son wiggins davie works hard expect passenger aboard ship duty crew sir forgive bringing matter need wiggins captain spencer answered dryly turned doctor look walters morning sir healing nicely afraid temper improved
wasn brady turn mind loose let pleased thinking matt brady started think today tomorrow knew strange grown supposed times recently caught father looking trying picture brady grown brady guessed natural oldest brother luke farmer married moved ohio brady left future unaccounted pushed bare feet stubble weeds bottom steps feel warm earth beneath telling maybe family proud matt maybe wouldn case think today june afternoon green golden rolling hills pennsylvania land lie flat minutes rose fell breath minton farm top hills looked hard remember wrong hard believe brady thought thing sin father preached slavery set brady leaned picked cat crying kitchen poor catfish
range put nose air deer find wind bringing smell asked brady grinned smell strawberries thousand carry air warning trees gave brady range standing sunny clearing creek ground covered wild strawberries didn tell range began picking stooping filling sack slung put pickings home divide strawberries plentiful stand spot pick handful didn taste brady thought popping mouth tasted smelled june ground strawberries later summer fall fruit heavier flavor stronger older peaches apples grapes sack heavy berries range decided brady ate picked ten mouthful faces hands stained red juice running front shirts brady smiled range re sight look fight range wiped arm mouth guess wash bare feet red noticed walked creek ground softer muddy places
side range brady asked range handed brady strawberries healthy sides going tell saw today boys separated climb deadwood piled path range asked side brady answered promptly didn figure sides things house ma virginia pa north range ma pa fight brady looked trees saw black crow circling sky yes pictured mother mouth tightened mention slavery don let virginia care business minton say talking company present suppose find wrongs pennsylvania set righting traipsing border likely start talking henry clay brady father say henry clay thing yesterday breakfast table going suddenly brady father slammed fist table stood don care henry clay says calhoun says shouted care god says slammed door open dining room window brady watched stride fields shirttail flying sermon house
job brady liked forgot broomstraw began planning wanted scarecrow promised won blackbird dare real looking don lifelike minton dryly start talk brady slowly infernal habit talking turn stick father mind big oak stumps pasture roots stubborn took age pry loose father think anyway happened brady didn chance scarecrow days saturdays folks busy getting ready sabbath mrs minton spend kitchen cooking ahead brady uncle earl clean week sabbath course spent church sitting listening halfway hoping horse break loose happen release thing middle week brady gathered materials sat dining room window start scarecrow mother let piece white cloth going stuff straw head shirt father raggedy tailed jacket black cotton ago luke wear school recitation dressed uncle sam
brady figured usual complete answer potter snapping fingers faster faster quick trigger ticket success wind president eh minton jabbed brady father ribs turned waiting numbers slow coming brady picked scarecrow thousand hundred eighty muttered fitted shirt scarecrow tailed jacket mary dorcas fastened wig white yarn looked brady grinned forgot potter figures reckon blackbird think comes scarecrow brady re going put face mary dorcas asked brought piece charcoal brady drew round circles eyes line nose mouth stopped handed mary dorcas piece charcoal need mouth brady explained shortly talk mary dorcas running ahead brady took scarecrow planted middle cornfield stepped admire looked fields caught sight father potter petey sakes brady muttered father taking parley potter sermon house arm potter shoulders door door closed wait tell folks brady thought
heard piece news slowly squinting sun interest folks bill williams laban pa says sick tired abolitionists country stirring trouble organized group aim stop brady shrugged father abolitionist uncle earl slavery joined wild abolitionist outfit mckain range jingled coins pocket williams cronies say sheriff abolitionists quiet discourage runaway slaves election comes say re going put sheriff office shows interest keeping peace brady scuffed feet straight path wagon wheel thought hard uncle earl worked helping brady father farm riding county sheriff business staying overnight washington court session times street fight washington home williams talking anyway uncle earl fine record range young laban skulkin place pretending lookin runaways didn woods noticed bragged lot guess goin trouble help brady broke green shoot growing side road switched front snapped head daisy sneaky lowdown bigmouthed nothin laban williams
spoke brady punishment didn need brady read knowledge mother eyes looked helping chores mother eyes worried wondering brady boy faults amount hill beans mary dorcas treated sick holding wild tales acted sorry petey sakes offering help person natural feeling brady thought pleasure watching fellow punished scaring living daylights mary dorcas moony eyes sweet ways nettles brady skin leave snap later began feel guilty orneriness needed remind wanted mary dorcas run listen mother talk wanted girl father attitude brady minded brady father looked brady ask father help stumps lower pasture repair barn roof father glance slide say brady content gathering eggs course father sparing sick hand brady wondered father trust brady couldn talk father thing minton mind occupied independence proceedings
lopsided moon pushed hill threw streamer light brady watched fell mckain yard smack cannon brady looked range suppose began finished sentence mckain rolling cannon balls yard fellers shouted re goin wake george grave set teeth rattlin believe brady pinch standing stubbly lawn fireflies flickering mckain rammed powder muzzle cannon watching brady suddenly glad mckain habit firing cannon excuse waited night mckain pointed cannon moon stepped light torch brady felt skin prickling waited explosion creek frogs grumbling deep throats whippoorwill cried shrilly mckain stood moment torch aflame eyed moon bet knock cocked hat applied torch powder cannon exploded thunderous boom seconds later roaring hillsides rumbling surface ground wasn noise heard ears brady thought grinning felt body deep inside rocked looked sky surprised moon mckain ramming powder cannon shouted
bellyache brady wanted say closed eyes tried pretend problem slate school written numbers white chalk mary dorcas answered thousand hundred ninety parley potter whooped listen cried brady minton president letting sister ahead cousin brady set mouth straight line breath didn believe manners going hold longer breakfast griddlecakes brady felt wasn going let potter stand plan impress father took kitchen bucket pump filled water sidelong glance father announced going woodpile chop wood blows ax brady watched father uncle potter walk lower field talking earnestly business perform brady glad potter wasn staying doubly glad moment mary dorcas leaving visit uncle brady didn put ax saw father mother uncle earl front ready say folks going potter taking road south matt riding washington uncle rest going north uncle matt sat front seat buggy brady grandmother aunt sadie mary dorcas sat
stomach beginning rumble uncertain reminder breakfast later usual plain nerves dreaded prospect pleading bishop wife clearly picture woman vague memory bishop wife presiding teas large ostentatious hat managed heighten fanny nerves control choice obtain help certainly london able raise fare words aunt alice spoken walked triumphantly sitting room door contract fanny mind return bring disgrace family undoubtably australia fanny shuddered began pinning untidy chestnut curls forced plead lady knew connection patroness fmces fanny admit things according plan dare think ask bishop wife money resort longer afford consider disgrace bringing family known mere twenty pounds accepting domestic picked burgundy velvet purse matched frock took deep breath ready face fate final glance glass door dark windowless corridor bare wooden stairs hall
reverend dalton twelve boy leaned bannisters straining hear conversation adults whispering hall moved drawing room impossible catch saying worse vanessa older sisters started crying sssh hissed richard swung round angrily saw sitting elegant french wooden chest foot bed heirloom mother family partially clad dark grey dress fastened hooks plain robe fell loosely shoulders blowing nose hem rubbing eyes sleeve clarissa beautiful blond hair uncombed stood side awkwardly balanced outer edges laced boots looked ill ease silently watching unhappy sister turned pretty eyes richard helplessly signalling deliberation accepted silent plea moved room girls hand awkwardly vanessa light ringleted hair don stop crying brusquely compassionately father look re boy snapped heard father say going won clarissa play look mother die hate going angry getting redder face sobbed passionately
figures clad black sat silently side side bodies lightly brushing swaying wagon knocked balance whistling whipbirds clip clop clipping horses hooves resounded sparsely bushed valley spoke word richard stared ahead brown beasts laboriously pulling hill flicked surreptitious glance pastor lost earnest thoughts liked funny benign fellow maria richard mother spend deal pastor company encourage henry send children wished thing unable fathom answer boy turned gaze passing black wattle trees bloom mass scribbly gums heard birds screeching overhead looked clear cobalt blue sky sulphur crested cockatoos dallied branch tall eucalyptus tree seen days ago tree making nest thought horses clipped hill difficult richard dalton suddenly breaking silence brooding won help face father needing help sisters relying wanted papa send richard accused curtly intended choking burning lump throat anger felt intermingled loss
ten minutes later sitting joseph mccormack ramshackle kitchen finishing mug tea fanny waited anxioulsy reply joseph noticed consciously tin mug table sat uncomfortably upright wooden bench hands tightly clasped lap miss crowe began certainly set task smiled warmly hoping relax fanny watched lean simple wooden table carved hand pour mug tea felt breath sounded loud shaky consider helping mccormack reverend dalton explained money pay soon able word answer watched carefully pour milk consider suggestion felt faintly agitated sitting company ordinary cottage fail remind england social inferior confusing frustrating answer allow dignity stand enlist help hope control accused insolence circumstances loss exactly behave picked mug began sipping cup tea instinct turn look direction carpenter
construction hotel began village buzzing news heads peered windows words whispered joshua general store hotbed gossip conversations snatched labourers going working days told tale takin hotel thinks goin learn schooling sorry morning fanny recovered exhausting journey irish brothers set bush busily chopped gum trees slowly laboriously help chestnut mare kindly reverend dalton black horse lugged wood village unloaded side wrecked building ready days strenuous fanny joseph patrick found worked minute joseph sawed hammered timbers side rear building fanny days stared horrified cobwebs seemingly incapable manual eventually cleaned scrubbed floors walls loaded emptied wooden wheeled barrows full debris found early spring heat tormenting longed cool evenings battled determined overcome discomfort learn accept slowly villagers moved moogalloo hotel began resemble habitable building jeremiah johnson remembered hotel heyday took passing regularly pace building sullenly watching progress appeared mourning loss hotel
tell brother walks place pack wanted ere won idea school bein run ere violent didn hold education fanny tried hard show amusement expression jeremiah cold eyes soon took humour sensed hatred knew meant ghost brother aye murdered sleep sydney rock tumbled otel seen im times walkin place night eard im speak says ave revenge ere cursed says devil live ere safe end maria blackburn dead stood glaring fanny warnin held look gaze gaze eyes glistening rage walked door opened turned murdered mark words disappeared darkness verandah spite fanny trembling believed jeremiah ghost anger warning frightened smell danger walked tiny living room duster bed took boiling water fire sat wrapped arms waist held stomach tight tomorrow introduce villagers neglected sooner open school
sun climbing fanny realised physically unprepared strenuous bush finally reached top ridge staring vast valley spied blackburn wagon standing empty unattended field saw moving slowly labourers sheep distance young son richard paced ritual girls paused moment catch breath puffing standstill side cried vanessa panting young ladies fanny strode ahead amazon hillside unsuspecting blackburn continued working unaware approaching trio god help whispered suddenly terrified face girls slightly reticent keeping abreast fanny blackburn fanny called bravely whilst walking echoed valley mingling constant bleeting sheep forced shout labourers paused moment regard approaching group took opportunity rest moment disinterested continued closer recognised willing turn resume duties glances passed silently telegraphed interest enjoying knowledge trouble brewing fanny began waving white lace handkerchief dry hot damp face small vestige distant past hearing henry turned look hill took large black hat wipe brow sleeve
fanny sighed stared perplexed child re sure want place won disturbed teacher replied slightly warily spite blackburn agreed teach girls secret afternoons week school afternoon set cool shady fern gully nervousness hope sees vanessa fanny walked slightly ahead clarissa father angry night unfair talk clarissa reticent dragged felt uncomfortable deception father shouted previous evening fathom vanessa want pursue desire watched sister gaily chatting fanny led mountain path gully pretty hidden fanny promised girls settled teacher shade arching fern fronds fanny feeling spirits french lesson leaving england began unpack textbooks enthusiasm noticing vanessa keen learn clarissa reluctant watched younger girl lean tall trunk tree fern rest cheek soft bark girl reserved withdrawn fearful father fanny deduced tried allow trouble hope win trust fanny thought
yes re family feeling content watched head lowered book idly picking blade grass re reading fanny expectations english published left home written called charles dickens enjoy books laughed lightly stroking cover book busy father sneak shop giggled naughtily buy recent story hurry home room stay reading suppertime fanny book grass modern writer english ago added wistfully joseph looked knowing pages held secrets closed liked talk fanny book saw reading delighted miss england fanny think remember things relative alive left ferocious aunt called alice looked smiled sharing silly conspiracy haven written say arrived safely disapproved coming paused moment watched daydreaming distant land yesterday thinking left christmas strange spend snow teased suppose write letter aunt christmas tell school
herr resch wasn owner house begun salesman bathing suits managed promoted district manager let salesmen conducted business telephone herr resch rule let feel house seat government salesmen tenants subordinates lived floor parents lived father ask herr resch exchange apartment smaller born germans run savings trying survive devaluation mark prospect finding hardship unemployment rise germany parents worried wanted eat needed clothes think pleased friedrich schneider born exactly week later schneiders lived house herr schneider official post office parents scarcely knew friendly morning equally friendly evening returned rarely real conversation parents knew frau schneider small woman dark hair shopping clean stairs immediately apartment smiled met unlike neighbors stopped gossip parents grew closer friedrich born mother breakfast frau schneider rang bell asked city hall didn didn want stay course mother bring boys play
mother stepped dressed ready looked window lovely snowman needs hat apparently frau schneider wasn satisfied snowman examined sides shook head jiggled keys pocket house friedrich improved snowman smoothed side propped arm looked front door slowly sauntered front garden noticed pile snow stone path climbed sank tramped high snow door grinning moment heard window flung open herr resch bellowed leave roses peace dirty jewboy mother stepped window grandfather mother side worked railroad traveled lot passed town break journey visited announced visit advance postcard soon grandfather announced visit mother feverishly began put apartment order dusted dust left spent household money buy real coffee beans scrubbed hands vegetable brush hurt couldn touch parted hair center pasted water wouldn stand usual mess awaited grandfather standing front door sunday suit doorbell rang tore open door bowing low dear grandfather glad herzlich wilkommen word grandfather strode past quickly marched apartment inspecting room care didn stop reached living room
saturday april coming school friedrich mother dragged doctor yesterday afternoon wanted wash ears didn asked friedrich laughed wasn start restorative prescribed sweet bad told spoonfuls strong stand stuff ears looked curiously friedrich friedrich shrugged took tasted answer asked ears friedrich pushed lower lip mother cleaned ears night wasn satisfied scream eyes cast friedrich admitted silently walked side side saturday saturday traffic moved smoothly women weekend marketing homework doctor asked friedrich going house minute answered pointing apartment house sign doctor white sign hung front door flourishing black script read scrawled word jew red paint friedrich shook head touched paint finger wet friedrich looked stepping door pressing bell dr askenase waited
remember thought modern science wasn jive stuff thing street jail street jail downright primitive sure didn need ways wasn jail don think getting thing chest butch jail angel jail fast sam binky light billy dark billy clyde key mess binky clyde clyde coolest guy block jail wrong binky ear jail place ear jive modern science stuff clyde fault guy brought science place clyde cool let run quick clyde told binky guy milbank center liked girl saw don wasn pretty matter fact looked cat quaker oats box honestly imagine cat afro debbie anyway digging debbie sooner later going guys bad binky beat street
thing happened block sad didn sad happen personally saw happening didn understand think live understand cap spread news jones clyde father killed mother hospital clyde mother called cap tell father getting home late told clyde father died hospital died gloria asked don exactly kind accident mother forklift truck falling anyway took hospital died cap shrugged shoulders clyde asked aunt house cap didn want crying clyde father buried hope memorial cemetery island clyde fifteen funeral stoop couldn remember things happened talking looked cry minute sit wait wait funeral cars show mom crying aunt crying clyde looking ground twisting foot trying grind cigarette
turned radio started dancing spun left spun bit cosmic slop threw moves soul robot fell floor bad split fast smooth forgot doubt sam dancer block neighborhood baby tell want sam put hand gave gloria mean fool want dance fast sam spin win sam spun dip move groove wiggled hips shoulders snapped fingers hear music dictionary break news gently wouldn want give heart attack liable pass wish schizophrenics split personality say later gloria dance wouldn bad whew outa sight gloria baby comes fast sam spread word joy stuff ready catch pass met gloria stoop sam broke glad tidings
start weather bad folks winter worst memory middle march chunks ice knocking harbor didn feel cold stiff trees held creaking wind moved rheumatism daniel pulled blankets closely moved weather large couldn window hard picturing round ball wrapped forests rivers houses tried picture round shaped triangle isosceles triangle london london king lord north started tea tax boston defied tax dumped tea harbor salem salem salem daniel lived folks knew awaiting punishment spring news london boston riders neighboring towns england tea party affect province country future didn think punishment amount lord north things americans wouldn stand repeal tax friends whigs patriots called believed country defy government threatened rights tories dr west daniel father believed country submit unjust laws properly changed
beckett let think daniel cast mind friends hidden tea night trunk beckett asked pointing wall hope hidden daniel held hope moved plum puddings lid opened thought trunk filled folded materials lengths dress goods summer quilts extra sheets shirting daniel thrust hand side struck hard pushed cloth pulled large tin box marking pried lid smiled beckett mistaking odor tea held tin noses breathed deeply ah beckett sighed forgotten took deep breath suppose daniel didn need finish sentence daniel grinned maybe beckett sniffing daniel found empty jar filled tin beckett glad thing folks visit person smallpox tell judge ropes sick won boys room door bedroom daniel stopped wait kitchen going put clothes wasn apt real danger daniel told shivering cold room dressed liberty boys pretty ornery things actually hurt person
didn need say jeremy nodded bet judge feel daniel knew bunch marbleheaders town tonight put hand jeremy arm jeremy let let rouse miranda let let judge thinking town turned jeremy shook head don sure boy tomorrow rounds pick information proof daniel tried notice jeremy person singular able pick information maybe slip tongue surely jeremy meant turning left king street daniel house jeremy going common daniel thought common occupied place town kitchen occupied house place real living maybe history written town house acted common salem common common small towns bandana cropped green tree benches flagpole big muster row ends sucked militia reviewed salem part common rest wild string ponds boys fish trysting places lovers berry spots mushroom patches bogs blue iris spring thick cattails fall
appeared charlie benjie taking politics seriously daniel supposed high horse friends whigs maintained solid line side classroom morning clear going retreat nicholls fiving winded lecture early roman writers bee nicholls drone exact fly topic humming monotonously bothered follow flight sudden land word buzz pick verb warning shout drowsing student ask conjugate mumbling century roman named phaedrus idea submit present evil fear attracting greater nicholls landed word submit shouted conjugate charles putnam daniel surprise charlie wide awake leaned looked straight tories turned nicholls sir acquainted word submit whig line nicholls whig line boys refused conjugate benjie stevens concerned word submit past present future alternative submit resist offered conjugate sizing temper boys nicholls accepted offer
guard moment peter needed quick steps dodged daniel beckett standing table looking letter excellency sucking noise read looked spot cunning center eye kind cunning daniel thought peculiar reptile didn tell writing governor asked tory course point trying conceal going tell daniel sighed later didn want peter read letter sign daniel stalled required conference beckett stepped side room shame agreed peter ray muddy signature beautiful piece paper tonight especially top later course want signature find peter telling letter ready took minutes plan crossed peter beckett careful don want sign proved loyalty loyal peter won mind proving don want embarrassed later timid tories beckett looked important think signs letter pass test peter wet lips kind test show
dr west sitting rocking chair reared held chair hind end rockers tale daniel nodded put tea won touch dr west rocked forward wouldn quietly pointed table teapot cups waiting things set don cup stimulant daniel let sigh holding springs finally let leaped china cupboard beckett making loud appreciative noises spooned tea teapot poured steaming water tea steeped daniel dished indian pudding felt call mention took chairs table dr west chuckled peter ray gallows hill took lingering sip tea delicious course regular accompaniment meal wasn tea important daniel couldn eyes father miraculously returned tipping chair telling stories youth recalling escapades days sat fire mother center conversation center laughing father stories encouraging natural quietness happy quietness times quietness hung stone father neck
tillie entertaining queer feelings jeremy unhappy giving jonathon unhappiness sharpened person superstitions truth jeremy morning jonathon leave tillie fears acute daniel permission stay home school chaise jeremy pick tillie jonathon tillie dressed sunday slowly folding jonathon clothes putting case face stretched look skin cover bones don step house night knew til jeremy stop fretting tillie wouldn stop turned daniel didn think house knew looked saw moon trees daniel knew tillie looked worse luck night moon eyes lowered led tillie blindfolded clearing thought view free trees looked tillie safer month woman talk jeremy impatiently picking case carry chaise re unhappy part jonathon course unhappy tillie snapped seeing moon signifies string bad events offing stooped pick jonathon
funniest newspaper seen beckett remarked puzzling grinned kids town ding allison going smoke likely midnight pretty late post office aged boys beckett daniel crept homes age careful planning muster group midnight fun daniel put note feeling envious ten eleven olds today rest salem submerged gloom minds schoolboy pranks let watch daniel early find hiding place days began making plans meet houses arousing parent suspicions eleven clock daniel beckett met corner king street libera daniel grinned libera beckett replied younger boys pretended indians stolen night creeping shadows hiding trees daniel thought boyhood games inspired boston dress mohawks tea party tory daniel disapproved tea party spite admired carried grown masquerade reviving youth single misstep daniel beckett slipped silently trees common moon smile sky shone
tillie knitted month rocked fireplace clicking needles rock click private heartache loss jonathon public heartache condition massachusetts row stitches represented block managed quiet house news bad news barely looked jeremy governor massachusetts arrived boston general thomas gage commander british forces america tillie nodded military knows country spent eighteen governor hutchinson knew country tillie pointed maybe general gage married american wife wives tillie scoffed wives jeremy smiled dropped hand tillie shoulder couldn jeremy news extraordinary tillie forgot knitting daniel sitting footstool holding skein wool hands tillie winding ball jeremy room put hat table boston longer capital massachusetts capital saying london moved thames river geographic fact daniel known geographic fact changed poof capital
jo put hand sister sat silent surveying pleasant scene mingled sad happy thoughts certainly look magic quiet plumfield transformed busy house hospitable refreshed paint added wings lawn garden prosperous air worn riotous boys swarmed difficult bhaers ends meet hill kites flown stood fine college laurence munificent legacy built busy students going fro paths trodden childish feet young women enjoying advantages wealth wisdom benevolence give inside gates plumfield pretty brown cottage dovecote nestled trees green slope westward laurie white pillared mansion glittered sunshine rapid growth city shut house spoilt meg nest dared put soap factory laurence indignant nose friends emigrated plumfield began pleasant loss dear sweetened blessings left prospered community bhaer president march chaplain college saw cherished dream beautifully realized sisters divided care young taking part suited
named muses home newcomers slope sights sounds greeted passing open window looked library presided clio calliope urania melpomene thalia disporting hall young dancing rehearsing play erato walking garden lover music room phoebus drilling tuneful choir mature apollo friend laurie comely genial ripened freakish boy noble care sorrow ease happiness responsibility carrying grandfather wishes duty faithfully performed prosperity suits blossom glow sunshine need shade sweeter touch frost laurie sort amy kind poem married harmonious happy earnest rich beautiful benevolence wealth wisdom hand hand charity house full unostentatious beauty comfort art loving host hostess attracted entertained artists kinds laurie music generous patron class liked help amy proteges ambitious young painters sculptors found art double dear daughter grew share labours delights prove women faithful wives mothers sacrificing special gift bestowed development
marked things daisy soon books collected packing mrs jo fitting boys quarters globe trip north pole nat grew red mention glow sunset pale cheek heart beat happily thought dear girl working ns bs humble socks handkerchiefs nat adored daisy cherished dream earn place musician win angel wife hope professor counsels mrs jo care laurie generous help sake worked waited hoped finding courage patience dream happy future daisy home fiddle fortune lap mrs jo knew exactly chosen niece felt nat need wise loving care daisy give danger amiable aimless fail want pilot steer safely mrs meg decidedly frowned poor boy love hear giving dear girl found face earth kind firm gentle souls nat fled comfort mrs jo espoused interests boys heartily
dan looked wistfully thinking sweet tie lonely youth sadder recalled struggles gusty sigh tom sentiment impossible pensively wanted twin sociable cosy glad lean fellow comfort girls cruel tom unrequited passion standing joke family allusion produced laugh nan increased whipping bottle nux saying professional air knew ate lobster tea pellets dyspepsia tom sighs silly overeaten em sweet things give tom gloomily crunched dose minister mind diseased pluck rooted sorrow quoted josie tragically perch railing tommy drop pills powders cavort round spell soon forget heart stomach dan offering panacea ills ship tom fit seasickness set stiff north easter blow blue devils surgeon easy berth end larks nancy frowns lad scorns jacket blue hoist sails ports find maid true added emil fragment song cheer care sorrow freely offered friends think diploma going grind mortal show
dear goldilocks looks backward glance full pride fondness mrs jo scene returned afterward prophetic words number tragical tableau sight laurie stifled laugh whispered wounded knight pointing tom head enveloped large handkerchief knelt nan extracting thorn splinter palm hand skill judge patient blissful expression countenance hurt asked turning hand moonlight view bit dig answered tom regardless aching knees damage trousers won hours happy unmoved tender remark nan put pair large round eyed glasses saying matter fact tone splinter hand bleeding won bind asked tom wishing prolong situation nonsense suck care tomorrow dissect don want blood poisoning kind wish lost arm wish lost head smells turpentine kerosene run garden air fearing betray laughter watchers leaving knight rush despair lady bury nose cup tall lily refreshment poor tom fate hard wasting advise quit philandering jo
sunday goodly troop young set church driving walking enjoying lovely weather happy quietude comes refresh worry week daisy headache aunt jo remained home company knowing worst ache tender heart struggling dutifully love grew stronger parting drew nearer daisy knows wishes trust eye nat let clearly understand lovering forbid letterwriting hate cruel soon dear girl bind mrs meg rustled grey silk waiting demi escorted pious mother church peace offering crossing wishes things dear lying wait boys today spider talk understand open hearts sooner later look nice plump quakeress meg believe big boy son added mrs jo demi shining sunday neatness blacked boots smooth brown head flatter soften heart boy ways jo don give firm spare scene john satisfied mother don care think answered mrs meg accepting smile posy sweet peas mignonette demi brought buttoned dove coloured gloves care took son arm proudly carriage amy bess waited jo called marmee girls nice pocket handkerchiefs
young bhaers experiences home josie enjoying immensely rocky nook laurences knew summer idleness charming wholesome bess fond cousin mrs amy felt niece actress gentlewoman gave social training marks bred woman uncle laurie happier rowing riding playing lounging gay girls josie bloomed wild flower free bess grew rosy brisk merry favourites neighbours villas shore perched cliffs pretty bay crumpled rose leaf disturbed josie peace baffled wish filled longing mania restless watchful detective case miss cameron actress hired villas retired thither rest create part season saw friend private beach invisible daily drive opera glasses curious gazers fixed blue figure disporting sea laurences knew respected privacy call left peace till expressed wish society courtesy remembered repaid later josie thirsty fly buzzing sealed honey pot nearness idol delightful maddening pined hear talk study happy woman thrill thousands art win friends virtue benevolence beauty
josie tried portia speech recited giving due emphasis fine sentence unable refrain considered greatest effort burst juliet balcony scene ending poison tomb felt sure surpassed waited applause ringing laugh tingle indignation disappointment stand miss cameron saying tone polite surprise told sorry don think dear bad help child love fear death don try leave tragedy till ready clapped ophelia yes pretty clever girl effectively real meaning shakespeare child comedy bit showed real talent comic pathetic art don lose portia declamation sort thing trains voice teaches shades expression voice natural grace helps hard acquire glad sighed josie sitting meekly stool crestfallen daunted bound say dear girl told say honest help forgiven words proved true advised wives happy mothers quiet homes fairly hear soon think talent indomitable patience mind beauty
troubles didn mean began going dear girl instrument torture nan wasn don deserve happy scrapes ended bliss tom beamed rapturous prospect dear boy scrape sweet experience suddenly dawning answered mrs jo speaking soberly saw earnest enjoy wisely worthy thing accept girl love trust let look tenderness truth return don let dora look vain things sake affection blessing try yes love believe wish knew dear soul cried parted night hated tom hand cheek felt rosy seal dora set promise forget happy lucky tommy bangs understood difference sentiment sentimentality feeling recalled nan known tender thrill thinking friendship prosaic affair delightful mingling romance surprise love fun declare feel weight dickens nan say knows exclaimed chuckle knows asked clear voice start turn nan calmly surveying doorway anxious put tom suspense nan news mrs jo answered quickly tom engagement dora west
bright faced house bow windows green balcony looked sparkling sea neat white steps brass knocker pale smooth constant rubbing pretty house pleasant house thing lodgers conceal longer edred arden lived aunt aunt let lodgings letting lodgings unpleasant ways earning living advise try honest earning living seaside lodgings harder hotels want waiting want meals odd times ring bell bring sand shore fold clothes shakes carpets sofa cushions house hang streamers wet seaweed pretty roses wall papers washhand basins full sea anemones shells noisy boots stairs matter bad headache give bill think matter let lodgings help miss arden help happened edred sister school tell sister elfrida miss arden lived school children
train pilgrims sight arden castle stands boldly cliff set foreign foes guard country round splendour walls grasses wild flowers grow round towers floors ceilings fallen roofless chambers owls build brambles green ferns grow strong thick children walked castle cliff path skylarks singing mad pale sky bean fields bees busy gave sweetest scent scent mixed scent brown seaweed rises falls wash tide rocks cliff foot let dinner elfrida reached top mound look castle bites sandwich peppermint cream rule munching looked castle loved don wish real lived elfrida asked eaten wanted peppermint creams course finished real yes mean house chimneys fireplaces doors bolts glass windows wonder edred climb elfrida looking hopefully enormous walls sixty feet high gate gap showed going field green field let ask left satchels lying short turf half wild thyme
nonsense edred frightened rooms home house certainly upper rooms bare furniture kind aunt edith kind pictures library large room pictures books books books bound yellowy leather books ceiling floor shelves books windows mantelpiece hundreds thousands books edred spirits sank look look elfrida daring perserving brother sat worn carpet began read names backs books nearest burton atomy melon read wearying titles books likely spell finding treasure burgess precious metals beguiled moment saw room closely printed brown spotted pages interesting spell passed sunlight blinds changed place carpet elfrida persevered edred grew restless saying let chuck expect chap kidding don feel bit let home elfrida plodded head ached wish say perseverance rewarded
say thank edred looking tiny packets expect forgotten cook gently tea ten shillings pound sugar war war french war haven forgotten re war boney french bonfire church news drubbing gave trafalgar poor dear lord nelson grandfather reading george balcony waiting cheer able choking pride lord nelson god bless couldn cheers blowing noses shaking hands mad funeral splendid elfrida don remember don remember killed white butterflies frenchies white coats birching cruelty dumb animals lordship howled hour glad forgotten eldred gracious cook half eleven eggs broke pudding letter don tell forgetting home spinney betty speak pretty give tea sugar feet crossed chair asks sit give knife blade apiece put pockets steel ill wishing mean don let steel don think
twill mend woman twill mend healing hands rose set hen hearth fluttered squawked settled grey ashes annoying black cat laid hands suddenly elfrida shoulders healing hands brought love gift gift fifty gift fear payment help buy spell put spell brought love gift tell heart desire love lost found goods blessed blessed goods heart fair future clean sweet kind heart took hands elfrida impressed flattering remarks felt deserve stood knowing say wanted cry brought cook told cook didn give kind heart makes want cry witch woman sank crouching heap voice changed sing song things livelong death night learned cats dark days return bear trace
elfrida woke found room filled red light looking window saw beacon bonfires alight flames smoke streaming dark summer sky driven wind shouted yelled shook windows felt sure quarters gale beacon lighted french coming elfrida yawned bed sleepy believe boney hundred ago hundreds children shivered cried beds sure dreadful prophecies mothers nurses true boney mysterious unknown horror grey morning wind wearied silly resistance leaded window suddenly put strength tore window hinges drove window frame swept room flapping bedclothes wet sails wakening children hope snooze dressed house front door open calm side soon children left shelter castle wall wind caught hit slapped drove worried beat till hard stand upright getting slow difficult cliff thick black crowd stood crowd black close look grey dawn light brilliantly red white blue union jack armed shift uniforms lord arden drilled paraded evening looking sea
elfrida found difficult answer doubt king lain lying secret chamber stranger course wasn open window parlour unexpectedly suddenly leg ridingboot leg beautiful gentleman stood front ho speak softly servants elfrida re creep wall seeing wonderful counsellor beautiful gentleman bowing gracefully maid secrets thee crept close castle wall corner shoulders sea stopped wager mine beautiful gentleman tried spoil bond fitzgerald entering arden night clock ferret pack hounds reynard barred green gentleman tried waylaying road hour early ah beautiful gentleman putting clocks easy ostler bull loves handsome wager nigh loves guinea wish explain elfrida stamping curiosity impatience pretty laughing king nay nay fast asked thee thou wouldst say told king james asked
elfrida secret panel panel shut spring hoping find jewels hidden hundred ago sir edward talbot pretending chevalier st george look jewels panel closed dusty dark door shut bright light parlour brother jewels matter dreadfully matter closed panel edred tried open fallen chair plenty don open door called impatiently answer panel silence thousand times silent dark edred matches pocket edred edred called suddenly loud don open door answered reach feel end chapter leave wonder till elfrida liked getting certainly looked going longer possibly expected find pleasant chapter short reasons disguise elfrida put hand pocket felt hard heavy remembered put key parlour nice safe place couldn possibly lost uttered known hollow groan
elfrida found relief ordinary magic moles upset clock pleasant nice aunts delightful games delight ordinary games hunt thimble thought proverbs delightful week end aunt edith told lodgers seaside house ago sunday evening walked home arden church tried attend service look tombs monuments dead ardens lined chancel sat arden knoll aunt edith explained things told understand wills trustees incomes honoured confidence pleased fact think understand grown kind things thing remained minds talk ship cast high tide arden castle money careful extravagant aunt edith going lawyers wills trustees early monday morning children bother mrs honeysett lock hide key safe places remained lasting result pleasant talk downs softly lessening light
miss kathleen boys round ask mademoiselle convenient school half ugly tablecloths tables curtains windows deal boards desks inkiness pack boxes kathleen rooms pretty flowers jam jars marigolds chiefly garden geraniums front garden calceolarias lobelias course children allowed pick sort play going holidays kathleen tea unpacked arranged boys clothes painted chests drawers feeling grown careful neatly laid sorts clothes tidy heaps drawers suppose write book couldn jimmy didn mean course kathleen injured meant fag gerald briefly wrote book kathleen persisted insides schools read say clever likely expel gerald doors game bandits wouldn bad cave stores meals caves jimmy fond contradicting precious mamselle won let likely gerald talk father
say humbug jimmy dip ambassador dipsoplomatist don find cave jack robinson mademoiselle stern kathleen seen presided supper bread treacle spread hours harder drier food think gerald polite handing butter cheese pressing taste bread treacle bah sand mouth dryness pleases gerald polite boys remarks food laughed dried bread treacle supper kathleen whispered admiringly night easy grown re drive rein darning cotton morning gerald early gathered bunch pink carnations plant found hidden marigolds tied black cotton laid mademoiselle plate smiled looked handsome stuck flowers belt think decent jimmy asked later sort bribing let flowers things passing salt kathleen suddenly gerald means think things want grown ups nice nice think things think
young things difficult believe dullest tell true things instance earth goes round sun flat round things likely fairy tales magic say grown ups true easy believe especially happening telling wonderful things happen sorts hear think believe stories don tell tell believe jimmy awakened sleeping princess invited children palace eat knew surely place magic happenings walked slow procession grass castle princess kathleen carried shining train jimmy gerald sure walked middle fairy tale ready believe tired hungry fact hungry tired noticed going observed beauties formal gardens pink silk princess leading sort dream partially awakened find big hall suits armour flags round walls skins beasts floor heavy oak tables benches ranged princess entered slow stately inside twitched sheeny train jimmy hand turned
yes mabel voice tried night bed morning stealing taking things larder bread yes gerald carried bold enterprise earn money jimmy remarked gerald kathleen listened attentively mean say voice sure invisible adventures don adventures bold buccaneer profitable gerald murmured look jerry look common easy jimmy kathleen told jolly disagreeable jimmy inside feeling mabel going trouble put gerald la belle dame sans merci want found future ages palely loitering middle sedge things won trouble won voice re band brothers stood yesterday mean gerald fair conjuring kathleen mabel jerry look move things touching wouldn children younger look think wonder re
difficulty gerald ring couldn invisible mabel invisible smuggled house plain seen impossible smuggling purposes children account apparent absence obvious presence perfect stranger aunt won mabel firmly visible twenty times smell rat gerald owned motor car mean adopting lady re say mademoiselle tugged ring suppose told truth mabel meaningly wouldn believe cathy stark staring raving mad gerald voice tell decent let ask let stay night late home jimmy bed gerald bad headache lie sun think blacklead attracts concentration sun likely pears gingerbread jimmy unkindly let wish invisible going bed silly headache asked voice gerald place silly cuckoo jimmy feel jumpy jumped violently walk cathy repeated gerald apparently unoccupied position burglar jimmy
listening don angry auntie feel angry safe aunt surprisingly mabel asked dear aunt impressively sort trance think going ill fond didn want spoil yesterday half past talking lewson fair suddenly felt didn matter felt letter children today middle tea suddenly woke realized awful think going ill mabel joke mabel feebly door shut uncommon odd gerald looks magic don feel bottom manner means castle meets eye certainly castle happened fair gerald tell knew night invisible shadowy grounds look open window panelled room knew night told dewy lawns groups shrubs trees pools lay giant looking glasses reflecting quiet stars white limbs statues gleamed background shadow began feel excited surprised anxious
odd thing gerald re invisible relations don love look aunt cathy turning hair going burgling haven bottom ring crikey mademoiselle cakes run bold bandits wash lives ran cakes plums grapes jam tarts soda water raspberry vinegar chocolates pretty boxes pure thick rich cream brown jugs big bunch roses mademoiselle strangely merry governess served cakes tarts liberal hand wreaths flowers heads eating drank health mabel guest beautiful pink drink comes mixing raspberry vinegar soda water actually persuaded jimmy wear wreath ground greek gods goddesses wore wreaths feast feast provided french governess french governesses began jokes stories laughter jimmy showed tricks forks corks matches apples deservedly popular mademoiselle told stories schooldays girl tight tresses understand tresses called paper pencil drew loveliest picture child short fat pig tails sticking head knitting needles ball dark worsted draw front theatre gerald tactfully french theatre
eliza giggling pushed lines chairs knocking hat visitors turned incandescent burners mademoiselle looked figure seated nearest stooped look closely half laughed screamed sat suddenly cried alive eliza louder scream found thing announced differently insides members audience seated wilderness chairs insides speak bodies bolsters rolled blankets spines broom handles arm leg bones hockey sticks umbrellas shoulders wooden crosspieces mademoiselle keeping jackets shape hands gloves stuffed handkerchiefs faces paper masks painted afternoon untutored brush gerald tied round heads ends stuffed bolster cases faces dreadful gerald known faces positions faces occupy collar hat eyebrows furious lamp black frowns eyes size shape shilling pieces lips cheeks spent crimson lake nearly half pan vermilion auditors yes bravo cried mademoiselle recovering beginning clap sound clapping curtain voice breathless choked beauty beast stage revealed
scene final dance waving towels charming mademoiselle eliza amused nasty stitch laughing hearty pretty beauty beast acted children spent afternoon arranging costumes left rehearsing say delighted charmed audience play shakespeare mabel princess clothes resplendent beauty gerald beast wore drawing room hearthrugs air indescribable distinction jimmy talkative merchant stoutness practically unlimited kathleen surprised delighted quickness changed minor characters fairies servants messengers end act mabel costume reached height elegance bettered need changed gerald sweltering weighty magnificence beast skin say let ring going gerald forgotten give scene don lose putting seen times visible rest look shadows thick ready kathleen bustling wicked sister
mother eyes return music stand drink jellybean won homework asks geraldine knows answer unheard cello singing goes kitchen continues sing geraldine wanders garden sit steps quaver stroking black fur hears boys fence begin regular afternoon game soccer door trying start motor mower knows mother furious succeeds say practise racket going attempts hears squeak clothes line twirled cold wind blowing yard making clothes line dance pyjamas funny yellowy underpants notices flat half house stands holding quaver returns living room studio mother calls waiting music finish studio high compared living rooms empty feel floor bare wood couple faded oriental rugs piano tall fireplace flowered tiles side chairs divan special spotlight shining directly music stand dresser shelves walls books pottery plates vases paintings posters advertising concerts piles music tape deck cassettes arranged neat rows despite gas fire half hearted beam late sun window nearly cold inside house
phone rings kitchen end narrow hall telephone stands stove mother stir pots hand hold phone talks friends geraldine sits gloomily beanchair half reading book half listening single ding phone mother talks rings talks rings voice hear clearly geraldine hear mentioned room bit darker mother comes suppose happen mother say sick flu half auckland going youth club karen film mum looking watch geraldine says thinks sit bed watch door handle listen creaks hallway mean creeping won geraldine hear rest mother half kitchen phone calls mother doorway looking watch jellybean leave flat sore throat sore throat illegal worrying sick bit music mum thinks geraldine leave half hour hell mrs thin flat door
exquisite dance part cassette occasionally played home fascinated charming story tchaikovsky celeste heard paris wrote ballet score opening night ah think maryinsky theatre st petersburg call leningrad russia heard imagine completely sound tchaikovsky music instrument greatest secrecy opening night afraid composer glazanov beat geraldine knew tried look interested fear able celeste player pianist competitive field say don piano didn say wanted musician ah actually says geraldine astonishment spilling stranger secret told conductor ask conductor charge noticed getting bit sick waiting mum finish playing tchaikovsky fourth friends orchestra looking straight wasn stops slightly breathless appalled interesting head nodding slightly interesting lots rehearsals saturdays school holidays lots surprised let sit sat usual behaved children
live country live countries foreign country rules laws live money postage stamps countries dress differently especially re dressed food eat houses live speak language understand ago knew parts lived stories told travel explore today read write books olden times gather fire listen tell stories recite poems faraway places told tales began immortal gods masters heaven earth times changed live changed greatly today telephone earth fly astronauts circled earth hour today foreign peoples foreign countries book imaginary trip visit foreign lands fun read live read stories read meet find
british isles lie west european continent england largest country british isles english send settlers found colonies north america brave englishmen fought native americans indians land belonged brave english settled thirteen colonies customs language government english england remained mother country americans decided wanted rule war independence leaders english laws traditions hundred ago elizabeth queen england young handsome named walter raleigh saw crossing street rained hard streets muddy took rich velvet cape threw front queen step carpet queen pleased walter raleigh knight called sir walter raleigh queen special friends sir walter raleigh interested land america englishmen american coast found colony named virginia brought potatoes tobacco england sir walter raleigh learned smoke indians english tobacco smoke raleigh smoking pipe servant saw smoke coming master mouth thought fire ran bucket water dumped master head course indians english understood harm tobacco
hundreds ago brave king ruled england defended country saxon invaders full troubles struggles court king wise powerful magician merlin merlin king favor condition king give wished merlin wished king baby boy arthur merlin brought baby sir ector courageous knights country asked bring arthur child sir ector wife loved baby boy agreed raise brother son sir kay arthur grew knowing sir ector wife true parents suspected arthur prince king died arthur bad england merlin knew rightful heir throne lord nobleman wanted king fighting passed merlin asked archbishop canterbury send nobles lords knights kingdom london christmas rightful king england found miracle christmas gathered church st paul saw amazing front church door large stone stuck beautiful sword sword letters written gold whoso pulleth sword stone rightly king england
cologne known humor friendliness hospitality spend hear whistles rhine steamer waiting farewell cologne miles south pass bonn germany capital farther cities quaint towns vineyards steep slopes rhine valley grow grapes delicious rhine wine castles forts look rhine tops high wooded rocks river narrow deep current swift dangerous times lovely maiden sat steepest rocks sang beautiful songs combed blond hair glistened gold sun sailors eyes stop listening songs shipwrecked sharp rocks drowned boat goes high cliff called lorelei boat sing folk songs lorelei rhine country band board accompany songs play dancing happy captain boat worry lorelei worry running boats traffic rhine heavy barges countries travel loaded coal grain logs iron things rhine ruhr district germany big factories steel mills coal mines hours rhine boat lands alongside village walk forest
soviet union biggest country large countries europe put canada united states fit soviet union miles forests grasslands deserts high mountains rivers huge lakes seas place cold called icebox temperatures drop degrees hottest spots earth soviet union southern desert hot degrees major cities farmland european part soviet union wheat corn potatoes grown soviet union industrial giant huge factories schools skyscrapers built european part country asian part soviet union called siberia siberia begins ural mountains extends eastward pacific ocean forests farmland south siberia enormous treeless plain siberia rich minerals today factories built north cold dry wilderness winter lasts ten months plant grow summer snow ground stays frozen underneath thaws top frozen land stretches thousands miles northern part soviet union arctic ocean nations soviet union language customs
ago lived woman grew older older grew sadder sadder children winter morning looked window saw snow falling falling falling soon saw boys girls playing sliding sleds throwing snowballs began making snowman watching turned woman let snowman woman let daughter snow snow maiden garden began girl snow legs arms head bits sparkling ice eyes eyebrows woman finished believe beautiful snow maiden suddenly snow maiden began smile moved eyebrows raised arms began walk quietly snow hut woman overjoyed ran hut begin prepare guest snow maiden stayed lived woman snow maiden grew hour lovely dear woman delighted bought beautiful slippers pretty satin bows days passed winter end spring arrived
largest continent africa called dark continent known european modern times visited explored egypt located northeastern part africa ruins oldest civilizations thousand ago areas chasing wild animals gathering fruits berries ancient egyptians growing wheat making bread developed tools built large cities discoveries accomplishments ancient egyptians important influence ages egyptians develop kind writing watched studied movements stars able observations figure exact length discovered fractions learned solve problems geometry ancient times egyptians ruled kings called pharaohs pharaohs enormous tombs built died tombs called pyramids square base slanting triangular sides meet top form point pyramids large small mountains today climb tops largest pyramid built pharaoh call cheops christ born worked ten build gigantic tomb tall forty story skyscraper pharaoh khafre built large monument shape sphinx sphinx mythical monster body lion head
grasslands surrounded deserts southern africa desert covers small area northern africa find largest desert sahara desert rarely rains desert grows dry sand bare rocks animals live camel ability travel periods food water pads feet sinking sand hair keeps sand eyes ears sandstorms camels called ships desert recently cross desert camel airplanes easily fly desert heavy trucks cross roads large rivers africa map nile river congo river niger river lake victoria largest lake africa source nile river atlas mountains northern africa africa highest point mt kilimanjaro east miles lake victoria types africans pygmies central africa light colored half feet tall hunters fishermen brave pygmies hunted killed elephants watusi tribe neighbors pygmies darker skin feet tall raise cattle warriors africans height europeans americans dark skinned africa original home american negroes ago american colonies settled rich colonists needed help running large plantations
sun stood high sky beautiful princess maraya playing shadow hut rooster crowed times hens cackled excitement gazelle fled bush birds stopped twittering princess knew makulu humans lived ran bush fast feet carry ran ran hut knocked door witch opened want woman woman save makulu coming woman laughed makulu means milk cows daughter kakila save young strong makulu reach uncle replied princess king neighboring country makulu friend happen mother ring uncle recognize sees kakila overheard ready journey witch quickly brewed magic potion drink quick wind woman princess thanked girls set fast wind trees bushes flying began grow dark magic potion lost power princess kakila slowly tired finally ready spend night
china artists writers poets teachers writers lifetime spent reading titles works china greatest teachers confucius gave chinese rules live rules act chinese read write speak differently modern times wrote brush bamboo reed cut point word character letter standing word words joining characters learn chinese difficult today making alphabet chinese language simpler read write chinese person reads book starts reads front reading top hundreds china ruled emperors emperors built wonderful palaces centers chinese art education chinese learning foreign peoples invaded china adopted chinese customs emperor kubla khan invaders chinese emperor boy throne riots civil wars broke young emperor killed twenty china strong government powerful landowners foreigners chinese revolutionaries fought control nation war japan took china war chinese continued fight control country
australia called continent underside globe huge island southern part australia means south land south australians winter summer summer winter christmas hottest center australia high plateau spreads half continent big section northwest part plateau known sandy desert live desert hot water farming rain falls seldom child seeing rainstorm sands thirsty drink water drop rivers australia run green banks sea biggest longest murray river water round country passes green lush rich orchards wheat fields finest sheep farms eastern southeastern shores australia climate hot cold rain things grow harbors australia live big harbor cities sydney melbourne brisbane mountains called dividing range run entire eastern coast australia natives lived australia thousands called aborigines knows exactly earliest inhabitants australia
north south america neighbor continents look map joined narrow piece land called central america countries south america largest country brazil brazil large united states countries south america speak spanish brazil speak portuguese map south america shaped triangle mountain ranges western eastern parts amazon river south america largest river starts foothills andes mountains passes dense jungles brazil flows atlantic ocean columbus discovered south america north america europeans south america spaniards gold king spain found indians south america explorers found indians north america spanish soldiers fought south american indians conquered tribe tribe finally south america belonged spain indians lived peru call incas live tepees wigwams north american indians lived beautiful houses palaces built stone blocks knew beautiful clothes pottery things gold farmers spaniard named pizarro heard land gold western coast south america gathered horses set conquer million incas seized leader atahualpa put prison
morning walk beautiful temple big stone staircase leading temple stopped look lovely cherry trees bloom finally reached top stopped short stood wicked ogre waiting eat tall tree red ferocious horns stuck head closer princess saw yellow claws fingernails moment stood struck horror fainted issumboshi afraid hugh monster laugh pretty soon roaring laughter ha ha ha silly red thing ogre ox certainly ugliest creature seen ha ha ha shrimp roared ogre control rage longer watch kill breathing issumboshi jumped tip nose ogre catch issumboshi poked sharp needle ogre face slid fingers jumped ogre tried catch hit hard kill ox wait till hold cried ogre issumboshi quickly leaped monster wide open mouth slid stomach raised needle pierced hard hole ogre stomach monster collapsed died quickly issumboshi jumped hole fell ground princess woke saw ogre die caught ogre sigh threw issumboshi saying issumboshi grow big
cold night arab sitting inside tent suddenly camel stuck nose flap tent master let put head inside tent cold arab put head inside tent camel put head tent camel master pray let put neck tent catch cold head warm neck cold replied arab put neck tent camel kind master allow put forelegs tent room uncomfortable standing arab arab moved room camel tent small camel generous master permit stand tent flap tent open standing cold air rushes inside arab inside camel crowded tent tent small think room tent camel smaller stood words camel gave arab push soon arab found standing cold camel enjoying warmth tent
summer evening juanita sister rosa sat grass rest began grow dark stars dark sky dotted bright stars rosa watched stars quietly stars daytime shining juanita shining night asked rosa yes sun shine sun light stars juanita turn porch light daytime sat star grew dark brightest stars grew darker saw stars happen noon dark stars strange rosa stars sky daytime tell north looking stars juanita asked rosa find north star juanita look pointing stars group shape dipper stars bowl dipper bend handle bright stars front bowl called pointers point north star dipper moves stars point north star
birdwatcher course birdwatcher watches birds sharp eyes watch birds school library yard learn birds lot fun springtime baby robin learning fly baby robin wears spotted vest blue jay stealing egg nest smaller bird cry sounds thief thief accusing bird stealing egg blue jays nice pretty hear red headed woodpecker drilling holes tree telephone pole search bug breakfast lucky hummingbird flits flower flower smallest birds bird fly backwards move wings fast cardinal forget fiery red wears fine red crest head song gay sings cheer cheer female cardinal brown feathers nearly brightly colored harder find walk country hear birds city hawk soaring high sky searches earth dinner fresh mice tender chicken
sunny italy ago boy named christopher columbus sitting seashore looking water going sailor grow want sail seas faraway lands columbus loved ocean grew sailor columbus thought flat columbus thought round sail fly walk apple columbus wanted india india rich country days india traveling east columbus thought round wanted reach india sailing west columbus poor ships money asked help laughed thought mind trying gain important friends finally isabella queen spain queen gave columbus ships wished luck columbus needed crew sailors sailors want voyage afraid homes heard stories monsters sea serpents attacking ships killing sailors finally columbus able gather crew ships ready columbus sailors set atlantic ocean santa maria pinta nina ships sailed days farther ships frightened sailors
plains middle united states miles open rolling country trees indians lived called plains indians ago thousands thousands buffalo roamed plains plains indians killed buffalo food clothing shelter needed plains indians move camps follow buffalo herds tribe gathered belongings including tepees indians horses spanish america brought horses horses wild indians learned tame ride indians hunting buffalo galloping horses ran buffalo steep cliff killed thousand buffalo slicing drying buffalo meat indians save meat eat later women plains indian tribes grow corn indian women eastern tribes tanned buffalo skins clothing removed hair skin buffalo washed skins nearby river rubbed oil skins finally smoked buffalo skins tepees women clothes deerskin buckskin beads decorate clothes belts moccasins indian mother liked carry papoose wrapped baby buckskin blanket strapped cradleboard tied cradleboard knew papoose close
country birthday fourth july holidays celebrate fourth july want remember country born parades picnics night comes gather watch fireworks light sky country group colonies thirteen american colonies belonged england england country atlantic ocean king england care lived america tried obey laws pay taxes thought unfair leaders american colonies wanted america free england leaders thomas jefferson wrote declaration independence told america going free england seventeen days jefferson sat desk wrote rewrote believed rule thought free soldier george washington fought believed fought pen words declaration independence famous fighting freedom wrote declaration independence jefferson wrote created equal poor rich live free happy fourth july leaders american colonies voted declaration independence country born days later leaders told
goblin cave cold dark inside bump bump hoo ooh cried goblin scared jumped shoes began run pit pat pit pat pit pat running goodness goblin scared look ran faster pit pat pit pat pit pat goblin saw hole tree jumped inside hide pit pat pit pat closer closer closer till stopped hole tree quiet happened goblin wanted peek quiet peek yes peek eeeeeh cried goblin saw saw shoes shoes goodness goblin hopping tree bump cave jump shoes running didn picked shoes hugged put shoes goblin didn want stay laughed cares bump anyway snapped fingers skipped
david grade likes school david sister beth beth wants school young beth brother david school read write spell david arithmetic want read write spell arithmetic beth things david bigger learn things learn big show read write beth silly david wait learn want learn beth show write write david thought funny sister asked pencil paper wrote david write beth beth took pencil wrote david beth beth david show write beth david smiled took pencil wrote beth looks david think write yes write beth beth took pencil wrote beth beth write read write read write
woman market bought pig pig legs pig woman farther called dog dog dog bite pig pig home hours ago dog farther called stick stick stick beat dog dog won bite pig pig home hours ago stick farther called fire fire fire burn stick stick won beat dog dog won bite pig pig home hours ago fire farther called water water water quench fire fire won burn stick stick won beat dog dog won bite pig pig home hours ago water farther called ox ox ox drink water water won quench fire fire won burn stick stick won beat dog dog won bite pig pig home hours ago ox farther called butcher butcher butcher kill ox ox won drink water water won quench fire fire won burn stick stick won beat dog dog won bite pig pig home hours ago butcher farther called rope rope rope hang butcher
ocean poor african farmer prepared journey big city accra ghana walked small farm taking note yams corn growing garden fed chickens goats latched thatched roof hut started narrow dusty road morning afternoon farmer trudged road stopping midday bite eat short rest reached farms outskirts city noticed herd cows herd wondered seeing asked cows belong language farmer traveled shrugged shoulders minu meaning understand traveler thought minu person exclaimed minu rich entering city traveler saw large buildings town square wondered buildings asked understand question answered minu heavens cried traveler rich fellow minu cows large buildings soon grand hotel surrounded beautiful grounds mahogany trees group fashionably dressed african ladies front steps hotel traveler stepped asked owner grand hotel ladies smiled softly minu wealthy minu exclaimed astonished traveler wandered neighborhood finally harbor saw loading bananas cocoa beans mahogany fine big ship
mandy grandmother coming visit mandy mother cleaning house closets drawers grandmother peek drawers mandy asked course won mother mood cleaning drawers wouldn understand don mandy manage mandy mother later baby teething mandy helping mother guest room bed bad baby cry fault replied mother cried cutting teeth doubt mandy mandy mother smoothed spread hurry hurry help entertain grandmother don entertain mandy mandy picture book grandmother story grandmother took girl walks zoo plenty hold girl lap mandy looked pictures carefully especially girl grandmother lap liked sit lap didn grandmother coming mandy pick room bath change clothes fort mandy asked suppose mandy mother hurrying mandy put clean jeans favorite sweater floppy sloppy hat couldn put dress asked mother holding crying baby grandmother hat mandy mandy grandmother furry coat funny hat flowers interesting boxes arms
mandy set tea table thinking picture book feeling sitting lap brought tea thank dear mandy grandmother feeling mandy saw grandmother crying stomach feel queer think grown ups crying tea warms mandy grandmother closed eyes didn tea think sad mandy sad mandy grandmother thinking mother hold lap laps mandy quickly laps lot mandy grandmother held arms mandy lap mandy arms neck mandy face pressed shoulder crying mandy grandmother asked mandy crying breakfast window mandy sandwich mandy grandmother scrambled eggs toast tea honey milk breakfast mandy showed grandmother barn showed chickens goats introduced strawberry pony bite grandmother asked likes mandy mandy grandmother fed carrot sticks strawberry licked hand ride mandy asked bucks bit mandy grandmother thought wouldn hip hip harray shouted mandy strawberry galloping lane mandy showed pirate ship grandmother took look wart didn want hold friends don share
queen sat sewing front window ebony frame middle winter flakes snow falling sky feathers queen sewing watching snow pricked finger needle drops blood fell snow crimson color white snow looked beautiful queen child skin white snow lips red blood hair black wood ebony frame later gave birth daughter skin white snow lips red blood hair black ebony named child snow white soon afterward queen died king took wife beautiful proud haughty jealous beautiful magic mirror looked mirror mirror wall fairest mirror replied lady queen grand tall fairest satisfied knew mirror told truth passed child named snow white grew taller beautiful beautiful queen queen asked mirror mirror mirror wall fairest answered lady queen tall grand snow white fairest land queen startled turned green envy
queen trembled rage knew mirror told falsehood snow white alive snow white die cried costs secret lonely room disturbed hours stayed making poisoned apple ripe rosy beautiful sight brought instant death ate apple ready queen painted face disguised peasant woman traveled hills dwarfs lived sound knock snow white put head window open door dwarfs forbidden replied peasant woman want rid apples give dare snow white afraid poisoned woman look cut apple eat rosy side white fruit cleverly rosy side poisoned snow white longed pretty apple saw peasant woman eating stretched hand took poisoned half scarcely tasted fell lifeless ground queen laughed loudly watched moment dashed home asked mirror mirror mirror wall fairest mirror replied lady queen grand tall fairest
pooh bear stretched paw rabbit pulled pulled pulled ow cried pooh re hurting fact rabbit re stuck comes pooh crossly front doors big comes rabbit sternly eating thought rabbit didn say rabbit eating rabbit knew wasn fetch christopher robin christopher robin lived end forest rabbit saw front half pooh silly bear loving voice felt hopeful beginning think bear sniffing slightly rabbit able front door hate rabbit front door christopher robin course front door rabbit pull pooh push rabbit scratched whiskers thoughtfully pointed pooh pushed course glad pooh lived trees lived underground mean pooh mean rabbit pity waste christopher robin nodded thing wait thin getting thin asked pooh anxiously week think
mexico neighboring country south september independence eve mexico city gather front president palace president rings liberty bell famous call live independence live mexico answer shouting viva mexico live mexico parents tell children liberty bell brought palace church dolores priest church father hidalgo father country father hidalgo son spanish family spanish ruled mexico hundred born mexico heart mexican educated taught college chose priest village dolores poor hungry father hidalgo strong lively loved joke longer young began ideas helping flock learn trades hoped lift poverty taught grow grapes making wine grow mulberry trees stock silkworms making silk spanish rulers heard priest destroy crops mexicans allowed wine silk buy things spain high prices rich pay father hidalgo started blacksmith shop taught brickmaking pottery crafts dolores
american child learns school black brought country slaves took bloody civil war set free knows hundred civil war black americans live play school liked story worked gain rights call civil rights partly story young minister named martin luther king hero black care freedom peace events martin luther king fighter civil rights began montgomery alabama winter black woman named rosa parks riding bus home tired law montgomery black sit bus give seats white passengers standing bus rosa parks riding crowded driver ordered give seat white quiet courage refused police arrested black angry hear mrs parks treated knew law wrong tired treated unjustly race decided boycott buses refuse ride black montgomery refused ride buses bus company lot money martin luther king led boycott talking followers give strength hope grew weary
wonderful inventions alphabet imagine twenty letters important think write letter friend inviting visit alphabet pictures wouldn easy friend misunderstand letter think coming visit thousands ago write pictures alphabet invented writing sun draw circle straight lines mean trees forest wavy lines mean water lake ocean writing hard ideas easy write pictures hard say pictures boys looked boys bad boys ancient egyptians amazing things picture writing alphabet indian tribes america peoples wrote signs pictures signs looked bit thing stood chinese sign looks bit walking means tree wood chinese looks tree branches chinese languages chinese thousands thousands signs don look things stand stop think alphabet invented word alphabet comes words alpha beta greek letters
marie found ore gave rays measured uranium small amount thought mistake test knew ore gave rays uranium radioactive element answer unknown element radioactive uranium ore wrote discovery scientists agreed element didn scientists didn believe knew exactly elements rocks element marie show marie pierre excited gave studies marie knew element hard find found knew ore need lot ore uranium ore expensive money buy needed realized element looking ore uranium ore dumped piles curies ton ore big sacks ore arrived piled yard shed room inside huge iron pots needed melt put marie stood yard stirring melting ore large iron rod
sailcloth tent side small hill built fence sharp pointed stakes protect enemies island food guns killed birds small animals cook eat found springs island gave water needed bigger stronger shelter cave found tent cave protected bad weather built shelves racks guns built table chair able grow corn rice barley bread carefully saved kernels plant grain found wild goats island tamed goats gave milk meat eat ship found pen ink diary diary helped track days months found bibles ship read carefully thanked god took walk shore island suddenly saw strange footprints sand frightened island shelter prepared attack searched island find later looking island found bones lying sand
stood tall forest hundred oak tree grown spread shade birds nested shelter squirrels homes bundles sticks leaves held high branches fall stored winter food acorns fell tree tucked roots small creatures safe fox owl slowly slowly forest soil grew deeper dry brown leaves brought autumn winds decayed snow tree grew gnawed heart carpenter ants tunneled strong oak termites ate hallways top bottom broken limb let fungus enter heartwood tree rot spread inside healthy bark tree grew weaker enemies worked inside spring fewer fewer leaves unfolded branches began turn gray death woodpeckers covered limbs holes looking tasty grubs beetles tunneled wood dug bigger holes hold babies winter storms branches broke crashed floor forest remained proud trunk holding broken arms sky autumn weather days lazy yellow gray misty mornings middays filled false summer warmth sharp frosty nights high wind slashing rain fierce wind shrieked forest tree split crashed ground lay pieces jagged stump mark stood
traveled quarters earth moon suddenly turned upside began falling moon happened judged passed earth attraction moon actually appeared moons larger fall moon past quarters falling hardness landing knowing took found tree tangled branches fall broken able decided march forward fortune quarter mile huge animals stopped front ran den thought returned hundred kind tell shaped twenty feet tall twenty feet walked fours saw walked legs believe human nature legs arms legs arms walking length beastlike picked neck wolves sheep tossed shoulder carried straight town house watched trying decide sort creature
seeing friendly keeper let stay cage spent happy hours talking earth unfair treated monkeys moon earth called person destroyed monster talks keeper moon learned ways ideas tried convince lived moon earth thought told lived real earth turning axis sky greatly shocked statement put trial found guilty holding dangerous beliefs driven town town chariot chariot stopped crossroads gathered ordered say listen assure moon moon sky moon council wants returned cage tried think plan return home finally moon spirit took pity agreed return tell council wish agreed leave promise tell home seen spirit picked rose whirlwind trouble crossed wide space worlds half
live business business works hard provide need buy businesses furniture stores sell goods businesses sell service television repair shops businesses steel companies products sold companies business working hard provide need business working hard going business continue operate makes profit business needs profit pay employees pay bills wise business decisions help owners profit business grow help decisions need lot information accounting orderly information needed money paid financial health businesses business activities begin exchange goods services money exchange called business transaction millions transactions place pay cafeteria cashier lunch part business transaction parents write check pay telephone bill part business transaction business pays employees takes part business transaction identify examples business transactions family local business part blanks explo joe started list write accounting begins business transaction business makes record tell happens transaction
budget payroll department stop sections budget section payroll section cashier section job workers sections help section busy periods accounting department supervised budget payroll department manager company makes budget shows income spending plan budget accountant plans budget system prepares budget information provided department managers budget adopted careful check departments stay budgets budget accountant receives information data processing department general accounting department job budget accountant assisted budget clerk section company employees want run smoothly payroll section accounting workers job title payroll clerk payroll supervisor charge payroll clerks sure employee receives paycheck correct prepare payroll data information cards department manager data data processing department processing payroll clerks forms calculators adding machines cashier section receives cash checks money deposits company bank account accounting worker job title cashier cashier responsible job large companies tens thousands hundreds thousands dollars checks money handled cashier adding machine cash drawer help figures money correct
employed accounts payable clerk general accounting department firms job called accounts payable bookkeeper accounts payable accountant job check approve payments suppliers payments amounted million dollars job interesting jigsaw puzzle fit pieces payment approved check purchasing department ordered items warehouse department received items price item invoice correctly figured items check approve payment don agree solve puzzle find reason corrections complete job variety things file copies purchase order received purchasing agent receiving report warehouse clerk invoice arrives compare sure agree calculator check figures saves lot checks initial invoice give boss approves payment agree real challenge telephone deal occasionally type letter supplier additional information trying run differences order shipment invoice frustrating contact busy cooperative didn realize difficult times calm courteous understanding helps cooperate
personnel director special points special points learned part person comments find interesting skills abilities personal qualities personnel director mention future need accounting workers look questions ask person write summary answers form provided project page want discuss questions friends classmates agree answers company home heating business sell service heating systems sell heating oil company small need accounting workers office accounting comments personnel directors apply business kind accounting tasks small large business firms similar ways accounting workers need similar job skills abilities things add look accounting workers write legibly neat follow directions pay attention details want neat clean dress personal care habits want explain things clearly lot impressions abilities personal qualities person looks acts talks interview important job applicant impression accounting tasks require routine want workers sort business papers file able copy information check accuracy business data important
ray accounts payable clerk works payments companies sell things firm sure purchasing department ordered items warehouse department received items ordered bill supplier correct checks ray prepares bill payment approved general accounting manager ray morning rest break office messenger delivered envelopes departments large envelope contained copies purchase orders purchasing department envelope copies reports goods received warehouse department ray job task file copies purchase orders purchase order tells ray ordered ordered purchasing department agreed pay purchase order shown illustration note number printed form copy purchase order ray check accuracy bills received suppliers ray files purchase orders needed arranges proper number sequence places file cabinet copies receiving reports tell ray items received warehouse received quantities receiving report purchase order number ray job task arrange receiving reports alphabetic order according business goods ray sorting rack hold receiving reports sorted receiving reports filed folders mail clerk delivers morning mail ray desk
gail adding machine total currency coin deposit ticket types amount currency amount coins begins list check separately writes bank number check gail adding machine total deposit types total deposit ticket gail signs deposit ticket places money checks special bag sends bank bank return stamped copy deposit slip gail records show deposit gail completing deposit ticket employee mark hansen explains gail overtime tonight company policy give employee overtime supper allowance mark gail copy overtime pass signed supervisor gail completes job task giving mark money receives telephone call salesperson tells gail leave business trip early morning wants sure gail copy travel permission form check general accounting department expenses gail checks papers file sees order tells salesperson ready stop pick check afternoon gail returns assist mark hansen overtime pass filled properly gail writes special petty cash receipt form mark signs
arranging business papers customer ledger accounts alphabetical order common job task accounting machine operators job task accounting machine operators need rules arranging papers rules deciding arrange business names listed names business firms considered written word considered order instance jones bake shop jones considered bake shop business single letter letter considered separate unit food company considered food company articles prepositions conjunctions considered part arranging alphabetic order smith brown diner smith considered brown diner foodmart sea foodmart considered sea business part larger shorter goes called putting instance east market eastwood market eastwood letters write business names alphabetic order column write consider arranging completed
job lead contact signal opportunity employment need explore act job leads ways job putting application contacts chances employment idea want carefully examine type lead presented step decide leads wish record contacts phone numbers addresses remarks form provided supplies booklet place vital job lead information personal portfolio yellow pages city telephone directory list employers hire interests telephone ask person charge visit presenting job seeker say interested working children cars finish school find jobs field tell person started field method learn company job openings enjoy talking giving advice listener remember interest job opening jobs advertised effort tell friends relatives acquaintances business want job
look telephone directory nearest united states federal civil service employment office generally type employment office located larger cities call visit employment office ask united states government jobs match qualifications jobs contact school district school placement office job opportunities placement counselor officer contact employers list job openings fill application placement office file ask officer set interviews look yellow pages local telephone directory list private employment agencies contact screening interview leave resume pay service find job want ads employment agencies newspapers look yellow pages telephone directory agencies specialize temporary want temporary job order experience lead permanent job jobs hours months employers need extra help rush seasons inventories special projects vacations leaves industrial craft unions auto workers plumbers carpenters offices located cities check local telephone directory addresses phone numbers unions exclusive hiring authority companies ask getting job specialized field employment local library list established professional associations dental business medical technical agricultural engineering law information specialized associations help important decisions training education specific job
interview chance sell interview give impression skills job dependable able knowing ensure confidence success aware interviews parts introduction job questions closing remarks introduction present completed employment application resume letters reference presented remember employer leading interview answering questions listen anticipated questions answered answer questions posed concise language relate answers directly job speak avoid slang questions answered moments sell show interested job stressing strong qualities mentioned show willingness eagerness learn ask questions company impress interviewer job job immediately decision ask convenient call couple days completing interview leave positive impression making complimentary observation company shake interviewer hand say happy met thank help study list place check items want practice review interview
success finding employment matches skills interests employer depends largely obtain deal assistance school friends terms identifying job vacancies hired depend job getting skills development skills requires planning preparation successful salesperson product attempting sell consumer likewise job seeker strengths weaknesses successful making sale employer employment personnel trained discover potential applicant equally trained potential academic training personal preparation brought point selling total employability employer young women courses prepare desirable positions grades students courses put real effort find difficulty securing employment incorrect methods applying positions think exert believe employers need hunt idea widespread shortage labor employers hunt employees permanent condition assumed school authorities find jobs graduates need effort find true employers lookout desirable employees school authorities help graduates secure employment fact remains jobs obtained young hunt
statement skills abilities personal inventory questions employer ask expect question employer vacancy filled natural look special ability skill required vacancy office needed books write shorthand operate office machine store needed sell garage required repair automobiles architect office plans drawn school chemistry taught hospital nurse required regardless job sure employer interested skill ability employer question course understand theory underlying principles thing fact remains paid primarily knowing young overlook fact fail acquire marketable skill school acquire ability fail stress ability apply job vocational business industrial program high school business administration engineering teacher training curriculum college
overlook possibility locating desirable position public employment agency number states maintained employment agencies united states employment service established supplement agencies including graduates high schools colleges seek employment public employment offices offices scattered located major city schools closely public employment offices advantage consult placement office school desirability signing agency school public employment agencies placing graduates placement office give letter introduction official charge nearest agency explain procedure desire sign agency case able find address nearest public agency sure include federal local civil service commissions job search commissions responsible seeking qualified applicants government civilian jobs offer wide variety professional technical clerical occupations post offices job service offices application forms information federal job opportunities write civil service commission washington information job services offices information local offerings wish consult local telephone directory nearest united states federal civil service employment office private employment agencies provide excellent source job openings firms private employment agencies consistently private agencies unusual jobs
impressions lasting hoped attract favorable attention letter application effort attract favorable attention call employer office interview ways favorable impression seeking position employers object persons applying pairs groups don parents don acquaintance person friend employer applicant parent interview employed occasion young woman asked apply position took mother employer explaining applicant hired mother talking sure daughter applying job occasion young finish college education applied selling position hope favorable influence employer asked friend acquainted employer accompany course position employer later young sell help friend sell product want employees stand feet timing important employer asks call hour arrive ten minutes ahead minute late inexcusable assuredly result making poor impression check advance employer office
english chief tools occupations salespeople advertising writers correspondents secretaries radio announcers telephone operators newspaper reporters public speakers employer realizes fact critical english applicant lines occupations english important employer bound notice extent affected mistakes english applicant careful grammar careful pronunciation occasional grammatical mistakes talking occasional grammatical error pass unnoticed mispronounced words sure noticed slang occasionally continual slang lack concern inaccuracy speech continual repetition slang expression tiresome applicant fallen habit slang expression ok minutes interview unfavorable impression employer ordinarily advantage applicant employer avoid discussion salary early interview applicant find position employer want find matter discussed eventually employer ask salary expect generally avoid stating specific amount ask employer doubt worth hired later discover received asked
completed interview employer wish efforts selling services effective believe qualifications company needs matched similar qualifications interviewed position things strengthen possibilities getting job applied preparing attempts job hunting steps write letter thanks employer interview reaffirms interest job opportunity restate important qualifications job expresses appreciation interviewer courtesy extremely important letter written concise type letter page qualifications sufficient opening thank note swing balance favor future date interviewers tell close interview expect complete interviewing position date notified success failure definite addition interview letter want contact company learn results interview course call employer immediately interview heard employer weeks interview call write employer
textbook designed personal vocational students expect wage earners employed individuals case qualified prepare income tax returns intelligently edition textbook students latest income tax information includes recent laws interpretative regulations applicable income tax reporting tax planning edition based primarily legislation significant legislation economic recovery tax act signed law president reagan august act designed key part package enable economic recovery largest tax reduction history united states tax cut planned reagan administration combined separate legislation reduce government spending package designed improve economy reduction rate inflation lowering interest rates increasing employment eventually balance federal budget tax cut expected especially effective increasing investment savings additional measures likely goals reagan administration achieved measures date generally thought inadequate accomplish goals expected reached economic recovery tax act effect individuals partnerships corporations united states subject tax legislation prior applicable average taxpayer included edition textbook
taxpayer provide half total support dependent calendar total support includes expenditures items food clothing lodging education medical dental care entertainment transportation necessities lodging dependent furnished amount included support fair rental fair rental amount taxpayer reasonably expect receive stranger lodging provided dependent fair rental place cost items taxes interest depreciation insurance heat utilities relate room proportionate share house depending extent dependent determining factor support payment half total expense incurred total expenditures support college student student qualified dependent support rule parent paid support status source money provide support immaterial tax exempt income social security benefits veterans receipts schooling welfare receipts taxable income interest bank savings considered determining total support joint return filed support provided spouse capital items automobile furniture qualify support actually purchased dependent dependent benefit items household furniture items purchased person dependent considered items support
withholding tables based withholding tax applicable annual rate reductions withholding apply taxpayers itemize deductions percentage method involves separate computation wage payment special tables wage bracket method involves tables ascertaining amount withheld wages employee payday large number taxpayers difficulty income tax withholding system find amounts withheld adequate cover income tax liability excessive amounts withheld reasons situations occur including poor tax planning taxpayer withholding system flexible enable taxpayers increase amount withheld wages estimated tax liability approximated agreement employee employer additional amount withheld wages agreement implemented employee claiming fewer exemptions withholding allowance certificate number claimed specific amount designated withholding additional tax advisable cases total tax liability employee expected exceed total amount tax withheld employer reduced amount withheld employer amount tax required amount withheld excess employee income tax liability amount withheld required reduced amount required amount withheld employee wage methods withholding discussed preceding section requires identification payroll period
requirement filing return applies citizens resident aliens regardless minors adults single married applies nonresident alien married citizen resident elects file joint return spouse worldwide income reported nonresident aliens file form nonresident alien income tax return special requirements applicable determining requirement file income tax return applicable noted taxpayer status amount gross income considered composition gross income later unit important returns filed gross income amounts tax due gross income exclusions considered deductions exemptions reduce gross income determining filing requirements gross income individual amount shown left column page return filed tax owed taxpayer file return tax owed fica tax tips reported employer tax owed individual retirement arrangement ira individuals entitled refund income taxes withheld wages exceed amount owe file return gross income amount required filing assume unmarried student worked weeks summer week total income income tax withheld wages amounted
interest obligations territory political subdivisions thereof district columbia exempt federal taxation exempt interest received bonds issued city county school district subdivision territory exception industrial development bonds discussed interest income local bonds exempt federal income tax additional exception interest arbitrage bonds issued october fully taxable arbitrage bonds bonds proceeds invested bonds provide higher interest return proceeds local bonds taxed arbitrage bonds proceeds temporarily invested needed purpose issued common practice investing proceeds short term treasury bonds needed affect tax exempt status local bonds interest bonds issued qualified scholarship funding exempt bond issued finance student loan programs interest bonds issued cities governmental units industrial development tax exempt status encourage public improvements develop local industry interest industrial development bond issues issued april taxable exempt interest industrial development bond issues substantially proceeds acquire construct reconstruct improve land depreciable property redeem part prior bond issue specifically excluded provisions taxing industrial development bond interest bonds substantially proceeds provide residential real property family units sports facilities convention trade facilities transportation facilities public utility facilities air water pollution control facilities
dividends general distributions corporation cash property additional stock stock rights services accommodations shareholders dividends paid earnings profits corporations common type dividend considered ordinary dividends depending nature corporation eligible dividend exclusion discussed earlier identified payer corporation special characteristics dividend distribution corporation considered ordinary dividend dividend property cash fair market property received amount dividend included gross income dividends received domestic corporations individual excluded gross income interest income husband wife file joint return maximum total dividend income received excluded interest income report rules applicable interest dividend exclusion discussed earlier unit income tax treatment annuities pensions based view receipt part return invested capital part income computing taxable portion annuity consideration investment contract expected return amount received taxable investment contract general original cost total amount paid annuity expected return annuity sum amounts received contract contract payment annuity fixed number expected return total amount payments received annuity starting date
economic recovery tax act legislated number taxpayers postpone disposition capital assets special alternative tax applicable assets sold exchanged june enacted help avoid problem alternative tax included schedule wil presented unit taxpayer compute income tax schedule taxpayer eligible income averaging income averaging permits taxpayer receives unusually large amount income taxed income received period averaging provisions tend equalize tax burden taxpayers fluctuating incomes receive total income uniformly period income averaging technique applied types income including items salaries wages bonuses commissions dividends interest fees services wagering income ordinary income partnerships ordinary income proprietorships capital gains income earned sources united states included types income eligible averaging trust distributions distributed low income beneficiaries eligible income current base premature distributions owner employee pension plans eligible income current noted income averaging special method computing amount income tax aspects preparing income tax return remain unchanged income averaging provisions individual taxpayers citizens residents united states furnished support base period waived
retirement income taxpayer includes pension annuity amounts received federal local retirement system examples include public school teachers police fire department personnel armed forces retirement systems retirement income taxpayer older spouse public system age includes taxable income pensions annuities interest rents dividends extent included gross income interest retirement bonds income individual retirement accounts individual retirement annuities include forms earned income wages salaries retirement payments disability earned income retirement income specific requirements met married couple claim credit spouse performs services qualifying public retirement income children receive public retirement income parent death claim credit initial maximum retirement income reduced pensions annuities received social security act railroad retirement act reduction amounts received pension annuity excludable gross income gross amount deduction amount withheld pay medicare insurance premiums shown social security benefit addition initial maximum retirement income reduced earned income individual attained age close taxable individual age close reduce initial maximum retirement income earned income
employment related expenses amounts paid enable gainful employment taxpayer expenses household services expenses care qualifying individuals expenses household services ordinary operation house relationship qualifying individual included services cook housekeeper caretaker services home expenses care qualifying individuals main purpose assurance individual protection payments food clothing education expenses care provided includes expenses qualify separated full amount paid considered qualifying individual care full amount paid nursery school care center home care child lunch furnished expenses send child grade higher qualify employment related expenses claimed home home expenses exception provision home cost caring spouse dependent age qualify credit computation employment related expenses child care payments grandparent dependent qualify payments nondependent relatives sister aunt niece nephew qualify credit regardless payments subject fica tax payments dependent taxpayer taxpayer spouse taxpayer child age qualify
laws enacted legislature setting constitution legislature provide money building operating schools case allow local school boards point legislature establish framework compulsory education operate provide board education local boards education licensing superintendents principals teachers legislatures provided teacher instruct students person completed special course study passed examinations legislature set standards elementary schools high schools standards general course study high schools balanced sciences social studies competency tests student obtain acceptable score course board education set course study design implement tests law say law board education local boards education creatures legislature means legislature establishes local boards exist operate law legislature change end sees fit local boards agencies government created legislature constitution applied sol fellow students board education defined balanced course study means fairly division science social studies courses social studies courses kind dealing history sol city
law board education ordered salute flag regular part program activities public schools order declared teachers pupils required participate salute honoring nation represented flag provided refusal salute flag regarded act insubordination dealt board order meant salute flag refusal salute result students suspended school willing obey children expelled parents prosecuted fined failing school pledge flag pledge allegiance flag united states america republic stands nation indivisible liberty justice ask refuse pledge allegiance citizenship pledge allegiance republic promise liberty justice group students parents belonged religious group called jehovah witnesses important part religion recognize supremacy god believe literal words exodus chapter verses bible thou shalt thee graven image likeness heaven earth beneath water earth thou shalt bow thyself serve jehovah witnesses consider flag image command reason refuse salute
oregon case amish wisconsin dealt parents choose children educated private education oregon case private schools wisconsin amish case learning cases supreme court allowed parents choose place children educated cases court plain holds power set course study section focus sharply private schools terms questions course study set private schools free teach want teach evolution theory private schools discriminate qualifying students supreme court dealt issues case runyon school issue practice private schools admit white students practice questioned parents black students civil rights act states persons united states enforce contracts enjoyed white citizens parents enter children private schools result contract schools private schools publicly advertise students civil rights act passed congress words supreme court stop economic discrimination contract denied black basis race runyon case court assumed parents amendment association speech send children educational institutions promote belief racial segregation desirable children equal attend institutions
ten percent students elementary high schools attend non public schools attend non public schools parochial religious schools parents students pay cost sending children parochial schools taxpayers support public schools argued child parochial school makes easier costly public school system parents parochial school students argue support schools shouldn schools children attend receive benefit public support education answer question comes amendment constitution prohibits establishment religion reason amendment prohibits aid parochial schools understood looking similar problem decades property held religious groups tax exempt taxed benefit type aid religious groups course amendment require property held religious groups taxed property answer lies question involved entangled government affairs religious groups taxed government impose collect tax records property owned religious groups tax owed religious groups compete favorable tax rates mean entangling government affairs religious groups decision difficult choices tax tax sense choice involve government affairs religious groups
edgehill high school located large midwestern city school prides high level instruction able student body emphasis inquiry open communication sense community edgehill school assembly program students faculty equally enthusiastic responsibility planning monthly assemblies rotates student activity group programs reflect interests sponsoring group vary content play gymnastics exhibition speech local politician students carry program plans assemblies generally shown principal approval recently program disapproved students seen procedure largely formality recently current events club invited dwight mulwray religious revivalist speak student assembly mulwray runs kind religious commune downtown section city hypnotic effect young mulwray preaches terms return true religion view violence wrongs corruption today society directly keyed lack interest religion cities identified sect believes religion govern part urges followers give worldly pursuits ties join religious family devote entirely god mulwray brand religion mulwray recent fame direct result enormous success recruiting young absolute devotion joined commune fact local paper recently ran article describing activities commune
united states concerned government decision american forces bitter war viet nam southeast asia hundreds thousands american soldiers fight war thousands killed injured strongly believed american troops help nation free stop nations losing freedom part strongly believed american lives wasted american wealth wrongly channeled war helping solve problems home believed american role war argued role powerful feelings case tinker des moines independent school district dealt viet nam conflict student freedom expression tinker case court review matter involving school children john tinker christopher eckhardt high school students des moines iowa mary beth tinker john sister junior high school student students meeting adults children opposed war viet nam decided wear black arm bands christmas holiday season fast december eve earlier children parents point children wanted participate parents offered objection nation middle viet nam controversy school board principals want add fuel fire parents lost children viet nam war
san francisco school system integrated students assigned schools system school unreasonable concentration students race color religion nationality sex reason similar supreme court stated brown board education discussed chapter students equal treatment public school boards command amendment constitution large problems san francisco american students chinese background speak english law english basic language instruction schools official policy ensure mastery english students schools backed policy requiring condition high school graduation mastery english sure students subject condition forcing attend school ages sixteen american students chinese background locked public school system understand special reading classes simply difference rules studied brown board education role play deciding question students denied equal protection law brown board education supreme court concerned discriminatory existing public school teachers buildings programs supplies discrimination based solely race brown board education court ordered bringing sharing public school offers
sex discrimination treating person differently solely person sex cases involve constitution civil rights laws passed congress constitutions cases follow end chapter find laws applied single case find instances constitution require constitution brenda antoinette high school students minnesota brenda likes play tennis antoinette enjoys cross country skiing running want try high school teams school coach sorry try school teams hands minnesota high school league rule stopping girls team members wait minute brenda treated differently simply girl rule written group rule judged skill judged ability sex coach agreed brenda didn rule organization high schools belong high school didn follow rule punished organization high school prohibited competing schools tennis cross country skiing track brenda antoinette talked problem parents parents agreed rule unfair parents court behalf children
student rights rights guaranteed persons constitution prevent legislature enacting bill student rights law law displace rights guaranteed constitution give students additional rights found constitution student bill rights actually considered legislature printed bill passed legal reason enacted law read act respecting rights students note applies rights guaranteed constitution bill rights common school situations amendment constitution guarantees freedom religion freedom expression peaceful assembly rights found student bill rights freedom religion appears provision school board require student participate religious activities freedom expression found student bill provision school board interfere student freedom speech publishing distributing printed matter wearing political buttons forms symbolic expression amendment assembly appears student bill provision school board deny group students assembly form organizations school premises amendment rights constitutional rights found student bill rights fourth amendment freedom unreasonable searches appears student bill provision student student property searched school authorities search prevent injury property
began living rules adopted protect group members govern relationships early medieval england formal body written law feudal lord baron administered law personally baronial courts similarities laws tended differ locality region disputes settled basis local customs baron judgment king able establish system courts enforced common law england rules law stated early cases precedents examples settling future similar cases beginning decisions recorded early common law known unwritten law eventually principles rules announced courts preserved writing rules fixed knew expect similar problems arose future resulted known common law judge case law origin traditions customs trade practices common law operates doctrine stare decisis latin words meaning abide decided cases means cases future similar facts decided applying rule established earliest case doctrine called rule precedent court decisions consistent predictable persons similar problems treated equally course conditions change rule longer makes sense supreme court reject precedent create medieval england remedy common law court enforce rights amends correct wrongs
responsibility federal government protection nation peace independence war restrictions imposed rights freedom speech press communicate give aid comfort enemy peace speaker writer openly advocates overthrow government force violence endangers nation arrested tried convicted punished banners ballots reformers peaceful alternatives bullets bloodshed reference religion congress law prohibiting free exercise thereof religion prohibits saluting national flag law force extreme religious beliefs human sacrifice killing human religious service polygamy husband wife outlawed congress law respecting establishment religion church proper place national remain separate independent religion imposed prayer required public school classrooms school districts provide period silent thought meditation student constitutional let mind pursue thoughts person legally atheist believe god government opposed religion chaplains serve military services national legislatures coins currency bear words god trust churches parochial religious schools nonprofit organizations granted exemption taxes health safety welfare aid directly youngsters cases enrolled parochial schools
criminal action lawsuit brought known person accused crime found innocent person released found guilty sentenced judge system law person presumed innocent admits guilt guilt proven reasonable doubt competent court problem walden admit deliberately failed file pay income tax government prove facts government evidence submitted trial open court judge jury prosecuter walden asks walden entitled rights accused person guaranteed constitution represented lawyer presumed innocent need testify say defense tend incriminate involved crime codes procedure detail conduct trial assure due process fairness protection rights accused person system procedures vary details chart page shows usual steps involved arresting officer arrests person act committing crime step investigation proper authorities determine committed reported crime investigators seek obtain evidence present court arrest warrant written court order issued court suspect arrested
statute states routinely allow qualified parents custody control natural adopted children means parents authority restrain children administer reasonable punishment authority compel obedience reasonable directions rights continue children reach majority parents give denied rights court order parents determine residence children problem elder kopmeyers legal require twins move live parents course obligations children included duties protect care provide support according parents financial means educated tangible legally enforceable mutual obligations affection moral support penalties imposed parents fail duties willful failure parents care children neglect desertion subjects legal punishment parents require children attend school prescribed statute subject fine imprisonment circumstances parents liable damage caused minor children parents supposed exercise proper control liability limited amount unlimited child entrusted dangerous instrument gun instruction proper operation parents entitled services children means children live home expected assist parents requested payment
consumer need look goods services realize merchandise serviceable services satisfactory business dealings conducted honestly fairly disputes arise business firms promptly adjustments firms want maintain reputation customer goodwill promote future sales dishonest incompetent suppliers deceive consumers give business bad reputable companies guided rules regulated trade practices prevent abuses result unlimited competition centuries relation buyer seller expressed legal maxim caveat emptor latin words meaning let buyer beware caveat emptor changing marketplace complex goods varied government concerned rights consumers affluent society sheer abundance goods confusing consumers lack ability judge quality products today intricate average person substandard repair break addition sealed packages prevent inspection contents purchase today retailers nameless strangers employed large shopping centers national international corporations buyer meets seller agreement telephone mail order vending machine mass production resulted mass distribution sale place manufacture sales clerk order taker knows product buyer problems facing consumers aggravated intense sales efforts billions dollars spent advertising
business means producing distributing goods airplanes zithers providing services accounting zoo designing profit involved business consumers involved employees involved employers field business broad varied impact national government levels necessarily concerned business operates local federal governments power regulate business directly administrative agencies page learned special laws designed protect consumers chapter later business law deal borrowers chapter employees chapter insureds unit police power page laws regulate intrastate commerce intrastate commerce business conducted entirely local governments operate authority learned federal government powers delegated states united states constitution united states supreme court interpreted constitution liberal manner federal government extensive power business federal government regulates business largely taxing power commerce clause constitutional clause federal government authority interstate commerce interstate commerce business affecting persons states federal government exclusive power foreign commerce foreign commerce business persons united states persons foreign country reasons bad object government regulation business affairs object taxes imposed order pay government activities
important exceptions general rule consideration valid contract binding promise person makes subscription pledge pay money charitable organization depends voluntary contributions think subscription simply promise gift examples organization church community chest nonprofit college courts generally hold subscription binding obligation consideration donor promise problem subscription enforced argue received exchange promise cases promise donor contributes exchange promises addition charity incurred debts reliance promise unjust permit cancellation argued donors enjoy public esteem exchange gifts reality courts enforce promises donations charities matter public policy unfortunately rule discourages conscientious contributors pledging large sums charities simply waive legal rights enforce pledges form page government tries encourage ready acceptance commercial paper checks notes unit person liable pay instrument claim received consideration true paper later presented payment holder due course acquired honestly drawer check maker note defrauded received commercial paper
form required statute contracts expressed orally writing implied conduct contracts oral telephone carried single face face conversation sale goods payment buyer delivery seller occur agreement person job rent apartment enter business agreements formality written contract conduct sufficient suppose person hails bus boards deposits proper coin later agreement words spoken written passenger driver business conducted speed efficiency important kinds contracts enforced court properly signed writing prove existence contracts later chapter contracts problem involving sale real property types written agreement stein bormann enforceable oral agreement stein bormann enforceable oral agreement keith bormann enforceable oral agreements pertained interest land writing properly signed required law written contract required wise put agreement writing applies agreement complex details lead later misunderstandings applies large sums money periods involved
routine contractual duties delegated turned party person delegate duty performance requires unique personal skill special qualifications problem giese delegate duties contract caring children involves special qualifications trust skill note party entitled receive performance contract release party duty perform accept substitute party assignment delegation duties referred novation effect contract formed delegation duties assignment contract original party contract obligated liable proper performance promises actually involved general contractor agrees build house responsible providing finished product promised general contractor delegates subcontractors subcontractors specialists lay foundations masonry carpentry plumbing electrical painting general contractor makes individual contracts pays agreed subcontractors responsible general contractor proper performance general contractor remains responsible buyer finished job note general contractor separate contract assign bank collect percentage purchase price buyer construction begun manner contractor obtains money job ziegler operated letter shop bassler contracted ziegler duplicate letters mail designated list
began living rules adopted protect group members govern relationships early medieval england formal body written law feudal lord baron administered law personally baronial courts similarities laws tended differ locality region disputes settled basis local customs baron judgment king able establish system courts enforced common law england rules law stated early cases precedents examples settling future similar cases beginning decisions recorded early common law known unwritten law eventually principles rules fixed knew expect similar problems arose future resulted known common law judge case law origin traditions customs trade practices common law operates doctrine stare decisis latin words meaning abide decided cases means cases future similar facts decided applying rule established earliest case doctrine called rule precedent court decisions consistent predictable persons similar problems treated equally course conditions change rule longer makes sense supreme court reject precedent create medieval england remedy common law court enforce rights amends correct wrongs
note fourth amendment refers unreasonable searches means emergency officer reasonable grounds suspect violation law action investigate arrest person court order warrant search seize action reasonable determined court arrested person claims officer acted illegally court determines arrest illegal evidence returned court person released highway patrol officer observed car operating erratic manner officer violate rights stopping car investigate driver influence alcohol narcotics officer reasonable belief law violated suspect citation ticket ordering named person court arrested custody personal security includes privacy left fourth amendment entitled live subjected unwarranted unwanted publicity interference entitled free limited circumstances unwanted governmental intrusion prying federal privacy act helps safeguard individual privacy invasion resulting misuse federal records act creates privacy protection commission persons privacy illegally invaded federal government sue government addition freedom information act persons obtain copies federal government records reports concern amendment identifies number individual rights
jury specific case selected sworn attorney side give opening statement statements briefly outline proved highlights evidence offered evidence presented jury plaintiff defendant evidence includes information prove disprove alleged facts evidence consist written documents records charts weapons photographs objects consists testimony witnesses testimony consists statements witnesses court oath witness present incident personal knowledge facts expert witnesses witnesses possess superior knowledge subject dispute called give opinions expert witness engineer testify skid marks left braking tires vehicle moving approximately mph collision attendance witness court brought means subpoena subpoena written order judge commanding named person court place give testimony willful unexcused failure type contempt court punished judge trial waiting bus charlesworth observed collision phillips left turn signaling struck pickup truck driven thornburgh legal action result accident charlesworth subpoenaed witness side charlesworth required tell oath truth observed
clayton city ordinance requiring outdoor signs business establishments approved clayton city planning commission commission checks design size location sign thompson toggery clothing store wished simply replace present sign store obtain approval planning commission business means producing distributing goods airplanes zithers providing services accounting zoo designing profit involved business consumers involved employees involved employers field business broad varied impact national government levels necessarily concerned business operates local federal governments power regulate business directly administrative agencies page learned special laws designed protect consumers chapter later business law deal borrowers chapter employees chapter insureds unit police power page laws regulate intrastate commerce intrastate commerce business conducted entirely local governments operate authority learned federal government powers delegated states united states constitution united states supreme court interpreted constitution liberal manner federal government extensive power business federal government regulates business largely taxing power commerce clause constitutional clause federal government authority interstate commerce interstate commerce business affecting persons states
topp furniture dealer wrote wendelberger understand interested selling piece collection solid oak mid victorian bedroom furniture offer set sure southeby auction hear contrary send truck pick set saturday driver deliver certified check full amount wendelberger reply wendelberger bound contract exchange furniture check saturday acceptance mental decision communicated person duty reply offers generally means offeror express offer silence acceptance problem wendelberger bound sell furniture accordance topp offer continuing relationship parties agree silence regarded acceptance monthly book record sales club agreed failure say proposed shipment regarded yes food market standing order wholesaler ship amount fresh produce retailer breaks silence notice transactions parties makes promise transaction called unilateral contract offeror promises return performance act offeree offeror publicly promise pay reward returns lost dog persons learn offer join search promises look required look
states laws provide lenders money charge maximum rate interest exceptions noted later maximum rate varies states percent percent common amounts due inflation recent rates increased exact rate interest agreed borrower lender loan contract rate interest rate legally exceed maximum rate illegal practice lending money rate higher maximum rate called usury problem agreement woffords harrison usurious states interest rate percent unpaid balances penalty usury generally forfeiture interest principal repaid person borrows money interest charged rate stated contract case rate paid legal rate interest statute rate percent rate collectible money judgments paid usury laws generally apply charges added goods sold credit debtor buying goods borrowing money minority states regulate charges interest theory store effect borrows money relends customer debtor finance credit sale limit rate interest banks charge loans corporations states
shopping kelley appliance store browns signed contract agreeing buy color tv models arrive days shopping trip bought took home microwave oven agreements sales sale contract ownership known title goods transfers immediately seller buyer price items tangible movable personal property typically called goods goods discussed detail later chapter problem browns purchase oven sale ownership transferred transaction agreement buy tv later date sale contract sell contract ownership goods sale transfer future agreements governed law sales found ucc law sales applies present sales goods contracts sell goods future types transactions seller known vendor buyer known vendee called purchaser transaction involving vendor vendee called sale seller called purchase buyer situations contract primarily personal services goods supplied merely incidental contractual arrangement regarded sale plumber repairs leaking faucet washer plumber primarily providing service selling goods hand electrician sells installs plug type air conditioner sale labor service minor part transaction
tanaka removed safety guard router attachment radial saw order saw operation clearly later defect manufacture router blade broke safety guard place blade hit tanaka putting eye tanaka recover harm caused defective product complexity modern goods supply network makes rules determining legally liable defective product outmoded past common law warranty liability dependent contract parties buyer sue proceed seller buyer proceed intermediate seller distant manufacturer buyer seller parties contract privity contract courts denied injured parties sue privity contract ucc broadens common law rule injured persons buyer family household including guests sue courts states permit injured party nonuser sue retailers intermediate sellers manufacturers today manufacturer producer makes inaccurate misleading factual statements advertising labels liable resulting injuries consumers goods defective dangerous maker similarly liable resulting harm case manufacturer producer intermediate sellers supplier liable product liability based warranty fraud negligence increasingly theory strict tort liability
consumer loan arises person business firm borrows money primarily personal family household agricultural purposes called personal loan loan repayable installments finance charge subject federal statutory regulation problem morton debtor loan borrowed money personal need repaying full group pressing personal debts paid creditor loan company paid smaller amount easily afford paid longer period privilege pay high interest charge cases consumers wise postpone purchases save money put money savings accounts investments earn interest money saved buy cash avoid high interest charges person borrows money today choice paying debt sum installments consumer loans payable weekly biweekly monthly installments consumer loans called signature loans reliance reputation borrower require borrower signature cases debt unsecured creditor satisfied borrower regularly employed larger loans generally secured liens automobiles furniture real property repayment assured assignment wages consumer loans financial institutions including commercial industrial banks credit unions personal finance companies banks operate banking laws special statutes enacted states govern operation consumer personal finance
community business called bank banks serve customers ways banks help maintain money safely need bank location established permission open bank granted need determined total number citizens businesses area help managing money permission operate bank form bank charter bank charters granted bank located banks federal government comptroller currency national banks money medium exchange place money easily lost stolen destroyed community bank safe place money deposit leave bank large steel vault bank employee teller receives money withdraw amounts money needed money bank insured federal agency called federal deposit insurance corporation fdic separate money account bank unable give money want fdic pay balance account balance exceed national fdic examiners frequently inspect bank records procedures reasons sure money place bank safe deposit money bank establish bank account bank keeps record money place account withdraw money supply money left
need money possession bank lend money length meet qualifications bank establishes bank want credit rating established pay billson bank determine able pay money based amount pay check total current bills bank ask sign agreement called note loan charge fee called interest loan service agreement sign written ways amount borrowed interest charged date total repayment due interest charges help bank pay services customers banks nice buildings space provided social gatherings meetings community groups community room call bank ask reserve date charge service banks pleased conduct educational tours facilities showing visitors functions bank services provided banks furnish educational pamphlets speakers free charge teaching bank services functions banks customers special fire proof vault locked metal boxes valuables stored safekeeping boxes called safe deposit boxes customer bank official lock unlock safe deposit box person
deposit slip prepared duplicate checked bank teller count cash sure checks listed endorsed properly verify totals stamp deposit slip return copy cash want withhold learn lesson enter amount deposit personal records deposit inside bank teller window bank drive window mail placing depository depository opening wall bank building mail chute customers deposits accounts banking hours blank deposit slips envelopes provided depository bank customers easily method adding money accounts deposit deposit slip completed accompany banks providing electronic banking services allow bank customers deposit transfer withdraw money electronic machine transactions entering personal customer code inserting plastic identification card machine deposit transfer withdrawal request entered numbered keyboard transactions recorded electronically customer account printed receipt issued customer request withdrawal cash money dispensed machine bills electronic banking machines locations convenient customer airports grocery stores shopping centers called hour tellers timeof night
find errors need add subtract items listed checkbook register determine errors find errors addition subtraction list balance register add subtract corrected balance corrected balance bank reconciliation worksheet ending balance figures find errors register cancelled checks deposit receipts bank statement bank bank error error find bank personnel able help find completed reconciliation check register balance changed reflect amounts added subtracted checkbook balance errors corrections checkbook register need subtract service fee charged bank ending checkbook balance figure practice notation ok reconciled date reconciled statement margin checkbook register addition want enter ending bank statement balance allow prove bank statement beginning balance figure correct checking reconciliation procedures completed reconciled bank statement corrected checkbook register amount money account
sale asked cashier plan deposit proceeds bank account amount due person decided tonight deposit paycheck today appointment car walt service station safety inspection required inspection shows need bulb left rear brake light tires car certified meeting safety standards certification required law comply don think able pay cash tires pay monthly bills ski trip planning decide borrow additional money need bank pay loan small monthly payments bank talk loan officers meet requirements loan bank agrees lend charging interest total repaid monthly payments payment due month cashier check walk counter bank lobby prepare deposit slip items deposit cash proceeds garage sale simulated cash page paycheck page cashier check page blank endorsements checks sure remove voucher portion paycheck records
living creatures need shelter need applies birds animals insects figure shows number shelters built animals birds insects notice shelters natural found nature natural shelters caves crevices rocks boughs sheltering formations trees creatures build shelters materials found nature bird nest animals born instincts determine kinds shelters find build instinct natural desire drive creatures need shelter instinct controls kind shelter build species bird insect animal builds specific type shelter species specific kind creature species specific instinct shelter variations found beehives larger designs basically true birds type bird builds type nest variations kinds locations materials shelters put exception humans developed creative skills designing building shelters create variety shelters purposes structures living working religion government recreation design shelters job architect types structures basic need shelter modern home figure protect weather
europe led development towns cities large buildings structures designed especially centers worked buildings commerce business manufacturing growing needs led designs known modern architecture modern architecture refer single style type building modern architecture functional means designs tailored buildings styles types architecture discussed unit business manufacturing concentrated cities classes arose successful business gathered large sums money wealthy wealth afford homes larger comfortable highly decorated ornate types homes called mansions cities europe crowded spread populations shifted places america early settlers america basic skills knowledge architecture materials building europe structures america reflected materials tools land building constructed trees plentiful forests known log cabin seen figure change building materials designs change occurred previous million important include entirely materials developed include aluminum plastics protective coatings older materials produced improved forms methods developed making building materials older materials
mansard home typically finished brick quoins corner quoins stone surfaces cover corners buildings windows doors full length shutters shutters wooden panels mounted windows original purpose shutters protect windows bad weather fashion shutters swing shut locked cover windows modern homes shutters decoration roof mansard home shingles cedar wood mansard floor plan frequently double sized fireplace layout floor plan symmetrical formal mansard homes large entry areas inside front door curved staircases leading floor french provincial comes fact style developed provinces france french countryside weather winter severe reason main feature style architecture high pitched steeply sloped roof snow rain run easily style roof french provincial homes known hip roof hip roof roof ends sides slope seen figure features frequently found french provincial homes include large chimneys shutters doors windows addition quoins corners brick siding curved lintels windows lintel support beam lintel window supports structure early american settlers greatly influenced english styles architecture conditions change styles homes early settlers build homes
large structures specialized engineers part design team structural electrical mechanical parts buildings specialized structural engineers design steel frameworks tall large buildings figure civil engineers design roads bridges water utility systems air conditioning engineers design heating ventilating air conditioning systems figure accoustical engineers design equipment systems control sound structure specialties include insulation noise control machines factories auditoriums meeting rooms consulted sound systems mechanical engineers design variety ducts carry air plumbing support systems figure estimators engineering personnel examine architectural drawings determine construction costs job figure cost construct building architect designed specification writers add important details architectural plans specifications prepare documents listing specific materials needed construct building figure surveyors support engineering function job prepare survey plans building lots sites drawings define specific units land survey plans guides architects landscape architects plans legal documents establish ownership land actual construction responsibility contractor contractor handles materials services needed complete construction parts construction jobs assigned subcontractors companies provide specialized construction services subcontractors handle type examples include carpentry plumbing heating ventilating air conditioning masonry electrical landscaping figures types skilled workers required complete jobs undertaken contractors subcontractors
view enjoyed home main enviromental benefits certainly goals home design benefit views living area home faces view principle illustrated figure architect designing home checks noise levels area study find source greatest amount noise goal orient home occupants disturbed noise general affected noise sleep orient sleeping areas source noise position living areas important noise occur suppose noise area site occurs daytime orient home living areas noise orientation sleeping areas important case service area home oriented buffer noise service area noise protects living sleeping areas landscaping cut effects noise figure shows orientation home minimize effects noise orientation factor direction wind breeze patterns cross site season winds breezes learned architect wants advantage breezes comfort occupants home
homes capture solar heat orientation design features mechanical parts systems known passive solar systems passive solar homes designed capture solar energy heat losses minimum winter summer homes hot summer heat designs worked understanding paths sun summer path sun high days winter sun lower sky winter days short figure illustrates differences patterns exposure sun houses designed pathways sun sun heat summer sun warmth admitted home winter important design factor passive solar systems orientation building building positioned receive sunshine cold months features help heat building winter cool summer design features insulation installed repel heat summer heat inside home winter insulation materials properties block flow heat effects insulation illustrated figure landscaping plans deciduous trees south side home deciduous trees grow leaves summer lose winter deciduous trees provide shade summer winter leaves allow sun rays heat home landscaping pattern illustrated figure
sketches floor plans rough unfinished drawings sketches important steps determining appearance features home sketches final plans don detail guide contractor building home home built final plans needed called working drawings plans prepared detail specific information contractors follow plans exactly building homes detail needed final plans achieved sketching techniques precision requires techniques skills known drafting sure accuracy detail included final plans drawn aid special tools key tools drafting architectural plans illustrated unit development accurate drawings requires precision drawing surface drafter needs drawing board board surface lines drawn smoothly accurately surface soft pencils easily draw lines surface perfectly flat smooth holes bent warped places board bumps holes surface throw accuracy drawn lines shape drawing board rectangular important edge board straight smooth head square drawing board shown figure drawing board soft wood covered special soft plastic sheeting straight accurate placement horizontal lines plans requires square tool fact shaped letter
pressure sensitive overlays architectural symbols design elements applied drawings overlay forms attached carrier sheets carrier sheets acetate plastic sheeting acetate carriers clear matte cloudy appearance types overlays produced transfer rub cut types adhesive backing overlay forms rub overlays simply positioned place drawing surface acetate carrier rubbed image transfers carrier sheet drawing cut overlays positioned rubbed image transfer carrier sheet cut leaving image place drawing precision drawing lines architectural pencils number grades grades range hard soft general hard pencils draw fine lines soft pencils draw darker wider lines hardest standard grade architectural pencils softest pencil grade drafting pencils range hb figure drafting hard pencils rough layout medium range pencils drawing basic structural lines softer pencils including hb lettering sketching border lines drafting pencils sharp sharpen end lettering grade able tell grade pencil drafting papers variety materials surfaces drafting paper vellum plastic film
important details affect building home shown plans room include exact appearance feature features services floor plans small simplified symbols symbol represent item symbols plans look items represent meaning clear easily coded reference plans plans understand symbols architects prepare drawings floor plans pictorial elevation drawings required entirely detailed construction purposes floor plans require detail need closer pictorial resemblance building features pictorial plans symbols resemble items represent reason variations symbols types plans drawings variations discussed pictorial drawings buildings rooms rarely symbols pictorial drawings actual construction drawings show structural details main pictorial drawings give clients idea appearance future homes pictorial drawings advertising case complete structural details needed architect includes drawings items part construction items landscaping furniture surroundings floor plans symbols rarely resemble items represent largely space symbols represent items seen figure look symbol telephone floor plan
equally amazing kinds records companies letters memos blueprints maps reports inventory price lists purchase orders shipping receipts newspapers catalogs sales personnel records computer printouts familiar types office records office techniques equipment created kinds office records paperless records paperless records include computer tapes magnetic cards floppy disks diskettes cassette tapes microforms film printed page photographed miniature rays records paperless held control filing systems illustration shows paperless records form reels tapes cards disks stored filing systems variety quantity information records handled office vary organization common organizations need store protect records find needed filing defined process storing kinds records present future reference purposes records control defined procedures systems filing reliable systematic process filed information found quickly easily classified arranged orderly manner remember telephone directory realizing filing principles find information needed telephone numbers presented alphabetic listing subscribers names businesses services advertise classified directory yellow pages grouped alphabetically occupation subject area code numbers listed alphabetic arrangement city familiar alphabetic indexing frequently filing classification office
files operator aware benefit cost factor understands rapid taking place filing records control remember filing system efficient efficient system remain change taking place wages operating expenses soaring equipment information needed operate business top speed required handling information need yesterday common exclamation busy executive filing system meet growing demands increase efficiency reduce costs understand goals remain adaptable flexible prepared change able evaluate explore recommend steps organization minimize eliminate cost misfiled lost records procedures equipment organization consider order streamline retrieval finding process reduce fatigue filing process misuse valuable office storage space minimized extent organization afford installation power files mechanical retrieval systems microform records computers knowledge ratio realistic approach study filing study equipment supplies filing controls space requirements stored records study part terms part increase efficiency reduce cost total filing system awareness efficiency economy control vital part information system rapidly changing environment
cards alphabetic card file filed quickly found easily definite rules files operator determining order materials filed rules known rules alphabetic indexing rules filing correspondence materials alphabetic files rules presented section chapter rest rules chapters purpose filing able store records found immediately easily needed imagine emergency trying find telephone number family doctor telephone directory logical arrangement names large city directories thousand pages names small print small city telephone directories pages names impossible locate information needed directory consistent planned system listing knew business personal lists files difficult materials stored planned organized manner known order planned system filing finding records indexing rules indexing rules commonly accepted rules alphabetic filing systems filed record located quickly easily needed generally explained manner index point index finger aptly named points
ways file business papers alphabet number location subject wouldn guess tell frequently business offices alphabetic course true filing system based divisions alphabet simple easy follows chapter order understand alphabetic filing system formed need things equipment needed order hold business papers storage papers handled processed prepared filing naturally thing needed filing system container sort hold store business papers orderly manner purpose major types equipment filing cabinets filing shelves illustrations show types filing cabinets shown illustration pull drawers place sets guides folders hold papers filing system illustration shows type equipment shelf filing purposes open faced shelf unit holds guides folders needed form system holding business papers important parts filing system guides mark sections system folders hold papers guides filing system compared street signs guides show names areas filing system street signs show names streets city
correspondence material relating persons companies increases volume considered important individual folders prepared persons companies papers removed miscellaneous folders refiled newly prepared individual folders folders abex action fourth position illustration examples individual folders notice tabs individual folders double width tabs folders guides order provide typing space company personal names individual folders hold correspondence subjects vital operation business organization system shown illustration special guides located position guide science special guide pinpoints location fourth position individual folder company special guide added filing system frequent requests papers science folder special guide makes folder easier find times special guide mark location single folder series folders holding papers related special subject position guide air cargo service illustration special guide shows location series special subject folders relating rates schedules air freight carriers special guides folders subjects taxes contracts applications employment look illustration notice complete sections system section opened primary guide closed miscellaneous folder
period active filing system grow considerably papers added papers need folders folders need guides course situation unchecked filing cabinets office principal prevent overgrowth continually weed unneeded papers dead papers transfer active papers folders storage location chapter tell handle transfer problems watch files miscellaneous folders overcrowded prepare individual folders filing system shown illustration page started individual folders alphabetic section ac letters filed miscellaneous folder section period letters papers received number individuals companies names fell range ac tended overcrowd ac miscellaneous folder papers difficult locate decided letters papers concerning individual company received filing purposes individual folder prepared papers accumulated abex individual folder prepared papers concerning company removed miscellaneous folder refiled individual folder relieved overcrowded condition miscellaneous folder abex papers easier find
order business records storage facility locate requisitioned papers quickly need step process mark case box distinguished ways writing identifying marks directly case box filling label affixed case box transfer cases shown illustration page identified subject title written case range titles illustrates types materials records storage files titles include varied materials sales correspondence advertising contracts bills lading accounts receivable leases operating control records illustration page transfer box table bears identifying marks box holds bills lading bearing titles ranging dag boxes shelves titles accounts receivable cash sales slips freight bills materials transferred active semiactive inactive systems miscellaneous folders individual folders included materials transferred folders plastic tabs refinements expensive included transfer file case expensive manila folders prepared advance transfer place expensive folders left active file manila folders active file transferred semiactive file storage system folders active file prepared advance transfer
chapter studying filing systems constructed element beautiful color continue reading look color illustrations chapter attractive color filing systems improves appearance increases accuracy filing retrieving folders papers color restricted alphabetic systems color numeric systems systems study chapters color systems effective reducing takes locate desired folder color prevents misplacing folders returned system color schemes primarily divide file drawers shelves separate sections colors alphabetic numerous sections filing system known color coding color mark part system guides folders color known color accenting comparing ways color color accented system assists filing finding means showing contrasting hues types guide folder tabs color coded system hues guides folders according scheme color alphabetic unit system color code code defined systematic pattern identification filing systems illustrated chapter widely country systems office
keeping storing records business transactions part culture thousands ancient peoples living geographic areas traded widely separated sections archaeologists found thousands written records debts owed contracts agreed traders lived thousand ago records inscribed small blocks clay filed shelf slots cut walls storage rooms held large clay storage vessels believed likely ancient records filed according geographic names written manner ur owes sargon cappadocia sum ten pieces silver early hammurabi kingdom babylon merchants formed companies established branch offices cities byblos ur modern times continue find geographic filing methods complex forms geographic filing alphabetic method based principally geographic location correspondents geographic filing system operations business related primarily locations names persons companies examples operations found areas social political business industry social groups clubs societies national regional memberships geographic filing systems geographic filing systems extensively business industrial organizations company branch offices locations geographic names branches titles primary guides geographic system
service stores important part retail merchandising emerged early thirties supermarkets expanded include type store impact modern retailing caused numerous buying merchandise customer purchases store displays buildings personnel hiring merchandise longer purchased small amounts merchants ordered bulk advantage low unit costs emphasis customers selecting goods employees needed service stores impersonal atmosphere developed employees frequently registered sales paying attention customer liked shopping service stores disliked impersonal atmosphere existed recent increased competition compelled service stores promote customer goodwill order develop repeat business management looked areas store effective contacts customer employee detracting advantages service management found checkout station area effective customer contacts management discovered times cashier clerk person operates cash register employee customer comes contact shopping impression employee makes customer determines customer image store reason careful attention individuals hired cashier clerks management wants cashier clerks fast accurate registering sales today service store cashier clerk checks goods handles money serves salesperson ambassador
department keys located left amount keys record merchandise department grocery produce meat checked information recorded department keys enables store management analyze sales departments classifications store transaction keys located left amount keys classify transactions cash charge received account paid proper identification kind transaction printed customer receipt tape detail audit tape register operate cashier clerk depresses department transaction key correct records type transaction assured sale key special feature ncr register salesperson key sale key depressed cash drawer opens enabling cashier clerk change registering sale sweda registers sale depressing salesperson key total key motor bar sweda registers sale depressing salesperson key total key clear lever correction key frees keys depressed registered correction ncr register clear lever pulled forward sweda registers correction key clear lever correction key depressed clear register error cashier clerk depressed registered department transaction key correction key depressed return keys original positions clear lever operates similarly ncr register
originally cashier clerk pass item scanner side bearing upc symbol facing window scanner finding symbol item turning proper position consuming process marked deficiency abilities scanning equipment problem cashier clerk faced scanning flexible packages code flexible package positioned correctly cashier clerk pass item scanner times symbol read technology laser scanners greatly reduced number passes read symbol ibm developed holographic laser scanner reads full package basic power laser scanner increased giving scanner depth field nearly inches cashier clerk latest equipment locate upc symbol hold item height passing item improved scanner improvements scanner technology overcome scanning problem random weight items large products specification printing bar codes upc symbol uncoded items represent problems decrease effectiveness scanning produce area controversy food retailers truly efficient scanning system produce items prepackaged labeled upc symbol food retailers feel bulk produce superior needed attract customers scale technology integrated scanning system simple cashier clerks weigh register random weight items manufacturers scanning systems developed methods reducing number digits cashier clerk enter register uncoded items
keyboard electronic cash register complicated keyboard mechanical cash register extra data entered obtained electronic cash register cashier clerk understand function keys electronic cash register accurately register purchase financial reports register produces complete accurate operation electronic cash register keyboard special function keys covered sections covered section ncr electronic cash register department keys located amount keys transaction keys located left amount keys frequently department keys size department keys operated finger small department keys modifier keys operated finger small size distance amount keys cashier clerk extra precaution depressing keys correct key depressed transaction keys located left amount keys operated forefinger department key transaction key located distance amount keys modifier key depressed key cashier clerk find easier faster accurate forefinger depressing keys modifier keys frequently accuracy keys important speed operation speed operation cash register substituted accuracy
tool cashier clerk continually performing checkout duties scale basic types scales cashier clerk familiar hanging scale cylinder scale electronic scale hanging scale located produce department store convenience customer information weight merchandise scale receives rough treatment accuracy relied customer question difference weight hanging scale produce department scale checkstand cases cashier clerk explain scale checkstand accurate scale hanging scale accurate hanging scale produce department cylinder scale checkstand weigh compute cost merchandise basic types cylinder scales scales price selector dial scales price bar bottom top computation cylinder illustration shows toledo model scale price selector dial knob left switch knob price selector dial operate scale cashier clerk turns price selector dial correct price pound operator dial single group fractional prices twist knob price selector dial set correct price pound weight merchandise appears left hand indication quantity price appears hand indication
coupons handled care currency coupons issued stimulate product sales issued limited period checked expiration date date expired coupon returned customer coupon refund transactions handled order registered order subtotaled cashier clerk ready accept payment coupon face amount coupon paid customer coupon key depressed subtracting amount total sale refund applying amount due purchase giving cash customer cash register refund key refund subtracted final subtotal order coupon refund slips cash register drawer beneath rolled coins rainchecks issued items sale temporarily stock raincheck enables customer purchase item sale price later date stock replenished raincheck form provide space entering current date sale item sale price signature authorized person raincheck redeemed sale price registered raincheck form cash drawer trading stamps handled precautions currency major expense store full purchase stamp issued common stamp error giving stamps total amount includes sales tax stamps amount sales tax
cashier clerk register merchandise expertly neat organized station lack special quality distinguishes excellent cashier clerk merely invaluable cashier clerk contribute store checking merchandise accurately serve customers feel important store turn goodwill build develops continuing business store actions reveal consider job important combine qualities skills customer employer employee relationship successful aware impression personal appearance makes customer strive neatness dress checking merchandise handling complaints remain courteous accept responsibility customer safetyas store security finally learn store history abide policies customer impression based personal appearance greet customer formed opinion store based personal appearance neat opinion likely favorable sloppy opinion likely unfavorable groomed times wear clothes shoes job courtesy contagious courtesy practice likely customers workers greet customer sincere smile form habit learning customers faces names answer questions politely briefly registering merchandise courtesy important attitude customers children discourteous customer child children customer ill likely result
duties responsibilities management personnel service store depend policies company companies allow store management personnel latitude decision making companies greatly restrict decision making powers management personnel matter restrictive liberal company policies delegating authority management service store management personnel operational decisions directly indirectly affect cashier clerks store operation sales volume cost operation profits duties management routinely performs scheduling store personnel developing schedule manager service store consider factors labor budget store daily sales hourly sales parts business union contract contents preferences employees stores assigned labor budget based department sales labor hour supermarket budget grocery department sales labor hour meat department sales labor hour produce department sales labor hour maintain profit margin store management develop schedule exceed labor budget assigned store reason store greatly exceed labor budget management corrective action reducing hours number employees dismissing number personnel order eliminate labor excess management deems present labor situation permanent number employees dismissed labor budget met
electronic cash register system management control store funds instant received bank picked cashier clerks deposited bank end business office store accountability report depicted illustration shows gross net sales entire store amount money received bank amount deposit medium payment amount funds hand medium payment amount overage shortage medium payment net amount store overage shortage exclusive medium payment types reports relating office store accountability separately produced electronic cash register system include office totals reports office balance reports receipt deposit reports electronic cash register system capable producing sales analysis reports department shown illustration individual item shown illustration sales information provided departmental sales report enables management formulate proper strategy department tracking sales information departmental sales report management plans increase profits departmental basis utilization shelf space display space advertising space numerical product look report report sales activities items registered electronic cash register scanning method look key report lists product number amount sales number units item sold numerical product look report help management increase profits effectively planning displays utilizing shelf space controlling inventory
business records order operate successfully true smallest largest business profit making organization smallest farm corner grocery store largest corporation exact records true nonprofit organizations family church american red cross united states government reasons business system collecting reporting information information required sound decisions planning proper control business matter rich business today survival future depends making wise decisions control resources accurate information activities business helps making decisions profit making nonprofit organizations report persons organization income tax reports filed government businesses wishing borrow money banks report financial condition profit making businesses send financial reports owners nonprofit organizations give financial reports provide funds reported information assurance banker loan repaid owners investment managed properly members nonprofit organizations contributions spent wisely information business collects written dollars cents values orderly records financial activities individual business called accounting records planning records summarizing convenient interpretation analyzing advise called accounting person plans summarizes analyzes financial records called accountant person earns living recording financial activities business called accounting clerk
posting entry complete cross reference journal ledger cross shown explained steps page write post ref column cash account written post ref column account show debit cash page general journal abbreviation general journal post ref abbreviation posting reference return journal write post ref column journal number account item posted writing number post ref column general journal shows item posted account number number details posting line completed entry post ref figure journal written step posting accounting clerk interrupted posting proper post ref numbers makes easier resume posting quickly place reason recording posting reference numbers journal step posting procedure steps posting debit item opening entry posting remaining debit items accounts debit items posted shown account separate page ledger credit items general journal posted manner debit items exception credit items posted credit side accounts steps posting credit item illustrated
cash journal special amount columns advantages space required recording journal entries cash journal column general journal compare entry journal transaction records sale adding machine entry records information entry general journal requires lines entry cash journal requires line column general journal record transactions general journal bulkier cash journal required recording cash transactions cash journal column general journal general journal entry requires title account transaction written account title column cash journal entry requires title account written true cash part transaction recorded special cash columns debit amount credit amount transaction recorded special columns write account title account title column transaction line cash journal page debit amount credit amount recorded special columns check mark account title column show account title needs written wide column check mark writing account title account title column overlooked column general journal additional labor required write account title parts transaction
revenue expense transactions occurring fiscal period change capital business revenue transaction increases capital expense transaction decreases capital capital account record caused individual revenue expense transactions revenue expense accounts classify summarize capital occur fiscal period procedure avoids capital account cluttered debit credit entries procedure permits easy identification amount kind revenue expense transactions change capital separate revenue accounts credited kinds revenue similarly separate expense accounts debited kinds expenses close fiscal period account balances temporary capital accounts recorded sheet account balances temporary capital accounts sheet provide information needed prepare income statement income statement completed temporary revenue expense accounts served purpose difference account balances revenue expense accounts represents net increase net decrease capital amount transferred capital account balance capital account agrees amount capital shown balance sheet balance revenue account balance expense account transferred ledger account summarize increases decreases capital account balance revenue expense account transferred end fiscal period titled income summary income summary account known income expense summary account
rainbow car wash part sells service service washing cars part business sells small gifts stationery greeting cards paper products party supplies specialty items home decorating business gift gift shop owned miss debra horn business buys resells goods called merchandising business person firm business sells merchandise called customer goods merchandising business purchases resale customers called merchandise rainbow car wash multicolumn cash journal record cash transactions transactions recorded column general journal gift noncash transactions enter general journal gift journal transactions entered saving features cash journal multicolumn journal combines journals book original entry called combination journal gift combination journal shown pages cash journal rainbow car wash amount columns cash debit general debit general credit sales credit cash credit gift combination journal columns accounts receivable debit accounts receivable credit accounts payable debit accounts payable credit purchases debit additional amount columns record frequent transactions related purchase sale merchandise cash journal rainbow car wash page debit columns left account title column credit columns gift combination journal number columns columns arranged accurate recording posting easier
account opened writing address customer lines ledger form address obtained sales invoice prepared charge customer gift arranges individual accounts charge customers alphabetically loose leaf binder periodically accounts charge customers added accounts removed subsidiary ledger avoid difficulty keeping accounts order ledger pages numbered business accounts accounts receivable ledger account number accounts arranged numerical order accounts arranged number separate alphabetic card file help locate customer account number november gift prepared page medford interiors accounts receivable ledger account balance medford interiors account shown address charge customer written top account page account balance written debit balance column date nov recorded date column word balance written item column check mark post ref column show entry posted combination journal procedure open page accounts receivable ledger account balance entry accounts receivable debit column combination journal amount collected customer named account title column entry accounts receivable credit column amount collected
accountant sheet plan adjustments general ledger accounts assemble data needed preparing income statement balance sheet accounts changed posting journal entries adjustments columns sheet data journalizing adjusting entries income statement columns data making journal entries close revenue cost expense accounts adjustment ajustments columns sheet recorded journal posted general ledger accounts gift adjusting entries shown sheet page partial sheet shows adjustment beginning merchandise inventory gift november debit credit parts adjustment identified letter adjusting entry beginning merchandise inventory gift shown combination journal page general ledger accounts affected entry shown words adjusting entries written middle account title column combination journal line adjusting entry heading explains adjusting entries follow indicating source document unnecessary adjusting entry beginning merchandise inventory debits income summary credits merchandise inventory entry transfers beginning balance merchandise inventory account debit side income summary account adjusting entry posted debit balance merchandise inventory account canceled credit entry merchandise inventory account balance partial sheet shows adjustment ending merchandise inventory gift november
earlier chapters business decisions based information gathered reported current correct complete data aspects business vital wise choices action businesses larger methods machines collect data complicated result development systems collecting processing data recording classifying sorting calculating summarizing reporting storing data known data processing procedures forms machines provide data needed called data processing system data processing system includes handling facts business kinds data important kinds data business financial data data processed previous chapters richard davis operates retail store known wayside furniture store sells full line household furniture monthly rent paid building fixtures davis wants improve data processing system wants faster expensively wants free spend store decides gather information data processing systems general davis found basic principles planning automated data processing system similar planning current manual system planning data processing system consists setting goals deciding processed reported establishing procedures determining equipment needed process data davis goals keeping records davis found automated data processing system accuracy detail important smaller manual system
manual accounting cycle account account title listed chart accounts opened separate page ledger ledger loose leaf book ledger represents storage phase manual data processing cycle automated accounting cycle wayside furniture data chart accounts stored magnetic disk magnetic disk represents storage phase automated accounting cycle data punched cards prepared chart accounts setup forms pages read computer system data stored magnetic disk procedure requires computer processing computer processing needed computer program provide processing instructions central processing unit cpu computer programs needed parts automated accounting cycle programs stored auxiliary storage needed processing magnetic disks common type auxiliary storage media computer programs flowchart illustrates sequence steps processing chart accounts wayside furniture human assistance required automated systems direction arrow broken line data flow requires manual operation punched cards chart accounts manually inserted card reader direction arrow solid line shows data flow automatic control stored computer program steps processing chart accounts wayside furniture numbers steps correspond numbers flowchart computer operator manually places punched cards card reader starts computer system
important decision person makes lifetime earn living citizens earn living successfully manage personal finances united states careers prepare accounting field career opportunities young persons business manager owner needs financial information business decisions orderly records businesses financial activities called accounting records planning keeping analyzing interpreting financial records called accounting large small profit making organizations accounting information decisions managers owners accounting information decide profits sufficient selling prices increased decreased workers employed additional products sold size business increased decreased non profit organizations churches social clubs city governments expenditures income directors non profit organizations decide spending priorities stay funds city governments plan carefully assure tax rates sufficient provide adequate tax revenues city governments financial records restrict expenditures priority items non profit organizations need accounting information basis making decisions inaccurate accounting records contribute business failure failure understand accounting information result poor business decisions accounting training helps business owners managers avoid business failure accounting referred language business business able language typists accounting terms typing financial statements accounting reports sales clerks general office clerks prepare basic accounting papers secretaries basic accounting language taking dictation preparing correspondence
total left side balance sheet total side total debit amounts journal entry total credit amounts opening entry page total debit amount column total credit amount column debit part entry equal credit part entry balance entry recorded journal equality debits credits checked business conducts daily activities occur balance sheet items goods services bought sold cash received cash paid supplies bought putt receives cash customer plays game miniature golf accounting records show occur separate record asset liability capital business items brought place separate record show item changed accounting form sort summarize specific item called account group accounts called ledger separate accounts ledger ledger cards ledger sheets sheets bound book form account forms printed ways form amount columns debit amount column credit amount column column account form column account form sides ruling left side column account form called debit side side column account form called credit side
analysis transactions chapter shows transactions affect items expanded accounting equation expanded accounting equation accounting system practical equation analysis show quickly place specific item transactions changed cash entire equation record checked reason businesses ledger accounts show place single item opening entry putt chapter items opening entry posted ledger accounts pages items recorded journal posted ledger accounts transactions recorded journal transactions analyzed determine accounts changed difference totals amounts recorded sides account called account balance account balance opening entry posted shown chapter page asset account beginning balance debit side liability account beginning balance credit side capital account beginning balance credit side balance side account determined account location balance sheet shown left side account known debit side side account known credit side entry left side account called debit entry side account called credit
sheet prepared end fiscal period sort summarize business ledger accounts completed sheet business financial progress condition reported form financial statements income statement prepared report financial progress fiscal period balance sheet prepared report financial condition end fiscal period financial progress reported income statement amount net income loss resulting business operations net income loss affects business capital net income increases capital net loss decreases capital income statement prepared amount net income loss transferred capital account balance capital account reported business balance sheet separate revenue expense accounts record business financial progress revenue expense accounts known temporary capital accounts balances temporary capital accounts provide information needed prepare income statement difference balances revenue expense accounts equals net income net loss revenue expenses recorded separately fiscal period revenue expense account balance beginning fiscal period income statement completed temporary accounts served purpose balance revenue expense account transferred ledger account single account summarizes increases decreases capital journal entries transferring revenue expense account balances clear accounts fiscal period account balance transferred account called closed account journal entries prepare temporary capital accounts fiscal period called closing entries
banks refuse accept altered checks banks refuse accept checks amounts written figures words agree banks refuse accept postdated checks kind error check check prepared check issued filed records procedure helps account prenumbered checks assures check lost misplaced check issued word void written face check marking check called voiding check similar notation check stub voided check putt records checks cash journal inspection cash journal doc column pages shows check numbers numerical order check number missing doc column checks accounted putt records voided checks cash journal words voided check written account title column dash cash credit column check number written doc column check mark post ref column banks separate records depositor deposit slips checks recorded depositors accounts received bank banks automated machines record items daily depositors accounts procedure keeps depositors accounts date times date balance appearing depositor bank records called bank balance copy depositor bank records depositor month
service business generally large number cash transactions limited number noncash transactions record noncash transactions involve receipt payment cash putt column cash journal chapter record cash transactions column general journal record small number noncash transactions denim threads merchandising business noncash transactions noncash transactions enter general journal denim threads journal transactions recorded multicolumn journal transactions business recorded called combination journal combination journal additional special amount columns needed record cash noncash transactions combination journal denim threads page combination journal common small merchandising businesses person records transactions eva burgos records transactions denim threads combination journal denim threads eleven amount columns special amount columns provided recording transactions related purchasing selling merchandise columns arranged accurate recording posting easier debit credit columns cash accounts receivable accounts payable arranged pairs arrangement helps avoid errors recording amounts wrong columns cash debit credit columns left account title column remaining columns account title column general debit credit columns amounts columns close account titles
general ledger accounts show true date balance end fiscal period general ledger accounts date balance transactions journalized posted denim threads debits asset account supplies supplies bought credit supplies item supplies practical balance supplies account needs brought date end fiscal period recorded update ledger account balances end fiscal period called adjustments denim threads general ledger accounts needing adjustments merchandise inventory supplies prepaid insurance adjustments general ledger accounts planned adjustments columns sheet adjustment debit credit accounts adjustment adjustment transfers part balance account account transfer planned writing debit part adjustments debit column credit part entered adjustments credit column adjustments recorded sheet planning purposes general ledger accounts result posting journal entries journal entries bring general ledger accounts date called adjusting entries accuracy adjusting entries checked sheet actually recorded journal recording adjusting entries combination journal chapter itemized list showing goods hand called inventory itemized list showing goods hand sale customers called merchandise inventory
report prepared give details item principal financial statement called supporting schedule supporting schedule known supplementary report exhibit supporting schedules prepared denim threads accompany balance sheet supporting schedules schedule accounts payable schedule accounts receivable balance sheet shows total amount accounts payable account balance creditor shown detailed information needed supporting schedule accounts payable prepared information account balance charge customer needed supporting schedule accounts receivable prepared supporting schedules denim threads november chapter page business sends charge customer monthly statement showing amount owed customer statement include total balance owed businesses include information sales cash received customer business form showing charges receipts balance customer account called statement account denim threads sends statements account charge customers end month statement account denim threads customers compare statements account records error found statement business statement received notified businesses mail statements account portion charge customers days month procedure spreads preparing statements month preparing mailing statements account customers days month called cycle billing cycle billing schedule left
procedures recording reporting business financial activities earlier chapters recording reporting procedures vary according business size type accounting cycle putt small service business part accounting cycle denim threads small merchandising business part effective business decisions information current accurate complete business larger volume information recorded reported increases volume information increases business generally needs faster recording reporting procedures machines speed recording reporting processes detailed factual information called data kinds data business important kind data business financial data data recorded organized reported series operations performed data called data processing combination procedures forms machines converting data information called data processing system helen lewis samuel sullivan partners operate retail store known allsports store sells complete sporting goods line sales individuals school systems monthly rent paid building fixtures helen samuel want improve data processing system want faster expensively data processing systems classified ways classify systems according procedures equipment common types data processing systems manual data processing automated data processing system data processed hand called manual data processing financial data previous chapters processed manual data processing procedures
accounting referred language business business able language typists accounting terms typing financial statements accounting reports sales clerks general office clerks prepare basic accounting papers secretaries basic accounting language taking dictation preparing correspondence workers jobs accounting knowledge accounting terms common accounting terms phases business wage earners prepare submit personal federal income tax reports states cities require wage earners submit similar tax reports plan ways balance expenses income persons basic accounting principles concepts able plan adequate personal records persons knowledge accounting means earning living persons knowledge accounting personal financial activities accounting jobs grouped major categories major accounting job categories accountants bookkeepers accounting clerks general office clerks persons plan summarize analyze interpret accounting information called accountants persons general accounting summarizing analyzing called bookkeepers persons record sort file accounting information called accounting clerks persons general kinds office tasks including accounting tasks called general office clerks department labor reported persons employed bookkeeping workers accountants addition hundreds thousands general office clerks accounting tasks persons employed areas accounting knowledge needed areas include banking teaching finance automated processing management
important reason studying accounting prepare career accounting career accounting begin immediately graduation high school students high school study preparation continued accounting study college level jobs individuals called entry level jobs persons completing high school accounting study entry level jobs bookkeepers accounting clerks general office clerks persons accounting study high school entry level jobs bookkeepers accountants illustration represents careers accounting bottom step ladder represents office jobs primarily accounting jobs include accounting tasks career ladder step accounting clerks persons high school accounting study find entry level jobs individuals accounting study obtain entry level jobs bookkeepers career ladder step experience accounting clerks earn promotion career ladder step persons high school accounting study experience preferred promotions persons college accounting education obtain entry level jobs top career ladder step accountants professional accountants earn certified public accountant cpa designation sets standards persons meet earn cpa standards include passing rigorous examination amount accounting experience states college accounting study substituted required experience cpa designation important professional accountants public knows cpa accounting professionals public accounting firms require accounting employees earn cpa eligible promotion top positions
business conducts daily activities occur balance sheet items goods services bought sold cash received cash paid supplies bought putt receives cash customer plays game miniature golf accounting records show occur separate record asset liability capital business items brought place separate record show item changed accounting form sort summarize specific item called account group accounts called ledger separate accounts ledger ledger cards ledger sheets sheets bound book form account forms printed ways form amount columns debit amount column credit amount column column account form column account form sides ruling left side column account form called debit side side column account form called credit side entry left side account referred debit entry side referred credit abbreviations dr debit cr credit commonly accounting account ledger number separate ledger account called account title number account called account number account number shows account location ledger
financial position business specific date shown balance sheet transactions occur balances accounts listed balance sheet change business transaction financial position business balance sheet chapter page shows financial position putt july transactions july july change account balances putt putt financial position july july putt records transaction cash journal chapter cash journal show place account balances specific date show transactions change account balances information posted journals ledgers debits credits account determine account balance account balances specific date provide information date balance sheet accounts ledger arranged order financial reports order information ledger accounts easily transferred financial statements putt ledger accounts listed order group similar accounts division ledger asset accounts division putt ledger expense accounts ledger division list account titles numbers showing location accounts ledger known chart accounts putt complete chart accounts page divisions putt digit numbering system ledger accounts asset division accounts numbered
managers owners businesses profit loss information needed figure profit loss contained ledger accounts ledger accounts need analyzed information reported manager owner business managers owners need date information wise business decisions business analyzes financial information regular intervals length business analyzes business information called fiscal period fiscal period known accounting period business chooses fiscal period meets needs businesses putt month fiscal period businesses fiscal periods months months putt fiscal period begins calendar month ends month fiscal period begins july ends july fiscal begin end calendar business begin fiscal july fiscal end june tax purposes individuals begin personal fiscal period january calendar personal fiscal period ends december financial reports prepared ledger accounts summarized reports planned accounting paper number amount columns analyzing ledger accounts called analysis paper analysis paper financial condition business summarized called sheet sheet plan information put financial reports
business manager owner needs financial information business decisions orderly records businesses financial activities called accounting records planning keeping analyzing interpreting financial records called accounting large small profit making organizations accounting information decisions managers owners accounting information decide profits sufficient selling prices increased decreased workers employed additional products sold size business increased decreased non profit organizations churches social clubs city governments expenditures income directors non profit organizations decide spending priorities stay funds city governments plan carefully assure tax rates sufficient provide adequate tax revenues city governments financial records restrict expenditures priority items non profit organizations need accounting information basis making decisions inaccurate accounting records contribute business failure failure understand accounting information result poor business decisions accounting training helps business owners managers avoid business failure accounting referred language business business able language typists accounting terms typing financial statements accounting reports sales clerks general office clerks prepare basic accounting papers secretaries basic accounting language taking dictation preparing correspondence workers jobs accounting knowledge accounting terms common accounting terms phases business wage earners prepare submit personal federal income tax reports states cities require wage earners submit similar tax reports
bookkeeper tasks include recording summarizing reporting basic accounting information businesses bookkeepers help owners managers interpret accounting information small medium businesses employ public accountant plan accounting system bookkeeper remaining accounting tasks bookkeepers small firms additional general office businesses want bookkeepers typing filing skills general office skills closely related preparation accounting reports businesses large quantities accounting tasks businesses want highly trained accountants routine accounting clerks responsible accounting tasks accountants free plan interpret financial information supervise accounting workers accounting clerks job titles describe accounting records accounting clerk working payroll records known payroll clerk common job titles include accounts receivable clerk cash receipts clerk inventory clerk vouchers clerk accounting clerks small part total accounting activities accounting clerks total accounting system understand importance knowledge total accounting system helps accounting clerk earn promotion responsible positions office workers accounting secretary handle cash payments small cash fund typist type accounting reports salesperson prepare sales invoices accounting tasks performed general office clerks according basic accounting concepts procedures persons performing accounting tasks need understand business basic accounting system general office clerks knowledge accounting understand importance accounting tasks
total left side balance sheet total side total debit amounts journal entry total credit amounts opening entry page total debit amount column total credit amount column debit part entry equal credit part entry balance entry recorded journal equality debits credits checked business conducts daily activities occur balance sheet items goods services bought sold cash received cash paid supplies bought putt receives cash customer plays game miniature golf accounting records show occur separate record asset liability capital business items brought place separate record show item changed accounting form sort summarize specific item called account group accounts called ledger separate accounts ledger ledger cards ledger sheets sheets bound book form account forms printed ways form amount columns debit amount column credit amount column column account form column account form sides ruling left side column account form called debit side side column account form called credit side
financial position business specific date shown balance sheet transactions occur balances accounts listed balance sheet change business transaction financial position business balance sheet chapter page shows financial position putt july transactions july july change account balances putt putt financial position july july putt records transaction cash journal chapter cash journal show place account balances specific date show transactions change account balances information posted journals ledgers debits credits account determine account balance account balances specific date provide information date balance sheet accounts ledger arranged order financial reports order information ledger accounts easily transferred financial statements putt ledger accounts listed order group similar accounts division ledger asset accounts division putt ledger expense accounts ledger division list account titles numbers showing location accounts ledger known chart accounts putt complete chart accounts page divisions putt digit numbering system ledger accounts asset division accounts numbered
managers owners businesses profit loss information needed figure profit loss contained ledger accounts ledger accounts need analyzed information reported manager owner business managers owners need date information wise business decisions business analyzes financial information regular intervals length business analyzes business information called fiscal period fiscal period known accounting period business chooses fiscal period meets needs businesses putt month fiscal period businesses fiscal periods months months putt fiscal period begins calendar month ends month fiscal period begins july ends july fiscal begin end calendar business begin fiscal july fiscal end june tax purposes individuals begin personal fiscal period january calendar personal fiscal period ends december financial reports prepared ledger accounts summarized reports planned accounting paper number amount columns analyzing ledger accounts called analysis paper analysis paper financial condition business summarized called sheet sheet plan information put financial reports
putt part owned person business owned person known sole proprietorship putt service business service providing facilities play miniature golf persons single business business need capital owner provide type business require skills person business persons combine assets abilities called partnership member partnership called partner partners agree share profit loss business sole proprietorships financial records reports partnerships separate persons supplying assets partnerships common small businesses purchase sell goods business purchases sells goods called merchandising business goods merchandising business purchases sell called merchandise denim threads business part partnership owned eva burgos luis perez business purchases sells casual wearing apparel blue jeans sweaters shirts belts denim threads expects money continue business indefinitely service business generally large number cash transactions limited number noncash transactions record noncash transactions involve receipt payment cash putt column cash journal chapter record cash transactions column general journal record small number noncash transactions denim threads merchandising business noncash transactions noncash transactions enter general journal
entry beginning cash balance recorded beginning month entry recorded journal beginning cash balance readily proving cash cash balance entry denim threads november line combination journal page entry similar cash journal chapter price merchandise business purchases sell called cost merchandise business profit selling price merchandise greater cost merchandise amount added cost merchandise establish selling price called markon revenue earned sale merchandise includes cost merchandise markon costs merchandise deducted revenue markon increases capital accounts showing costs merchandise separate division ledger division shown chart accounts page merchandising business purchases merchandise sell buys supplies equipment business account shows cost merchandise purchased sell titled purchases account record merchandise purchased purchases merchandise recorded purchases debit column combination journal items bought supplies recorded general debit column combination journal purchases items bought recorded reported price agreed transaction occurs transaction merchandise purchased paid later called purchase account business payment owed called creditor
major gasoline companies department store chains issue credit cards business issues credit cards business bills credit card holder credit card purchases card holder pays business business sends bills receives payments credit card sales recorded regular charge sales businesses subscribe regional credit card systems regional credit card system issues credit card customer customer credit card business subscribed credit card system regions united states banks designated handle credit card system regional credit card system credit card holder billed credit card system card holder pays credit card system business purchase credit card system handles billing collection business records credit card sales regular cash sales business subscribes regional credit card system periodically totals credit card invoices invoices deposited bank designated handle credit card system bank credits business bank account total amount invoices bank charges business fee fee based percentage credit card sales deposited business end month bank includes credit card fee bank statement denim threads subscribes regional credit card system visa master card credit cards accepted payment merchandise sold credit cards sales totaled deposited bank end week
steps preparing distribution net income statement regardless earnings shared difference description earnings shared partners partial distribution net income statement unequal shares earnings harriet crandon susan fulton partners agree share net income loss unequally harriet crandon net income loss susan fulton net income loss net income harriet crandon receives susan fulton receives amount net income earned business important owners owners interested occur capital fiscal period financial statement summarizes capital fiscal period called capital statement owners business review capital statement determine capital increasing decreasing reasons amount capital occur additional investments cash merchandise assets withdrawn net income net loss occurs business operations information capital partner fiscal period shown partnership capital statement information needed prepare capital statement obtained capital accounts general ledger information obtained balance sheet columns sheet distribution net income statement information general ledger includes beginning balance capital account additional investments information sheet includes withdrawals fiscal period distribution net income statement amount partner share net income
report prepared give details item principal financial statement called supporting schedule supporting schedule known supplementary report exhibit supporting schedules prepared denim threads accompany balance sheet supporting schedules schedule accounts payable schedule accounts receivable balance sheet shows total amount accounts payable account balance creditor shown detailed information needed supporting schedule accounts payable prepared information account balance charge customer needed supporting schedule accounts receivable prepared supporting schedules denim threads november chapter page business sends charge customer monthly statement showing amount owed customer statement include total balance owed businesses include information sales cash received customer business form showing charges receipts balance customer account called statement account denim threads sends statements account charge customers end month statement account denim threads customers compare statements account records error found statement business statement received notified businesses mail statements account portion charge customers days month procedure spreads preparing statements month preparing mailing statements account customers days month called cycle billing
words closing entries written middle journal account title column heading explanation closing entries follow source document journalizing closing entries closing entry recorded line heading denim threads closing entry revenue posted sales account balance balance sales account transferred credit income summary account information needed closing cost expense accounts denim threads sheet page information income statement debit column lines account balances income statement debit column sheet closed combined journal entry cost expense accounts closed credit entries combined journal entry eliminates separate debit entries income summary cost expense account journal entry close cost expense accounts income summary account debited total account balances account income statement debit column credited amount balance closing entry cost expense accounts posted accounts balances closing entries revenue cost expenses posted income summary account credit balance credit balance amount net income amount line sheet page net income net loss places closing entries assumed correct net income recorded partners capital accounts information needed entry obtained distribution net income statement page
manual accounting account account title opened separate ledger page ledger loose leaf book sheets file ledger storage phase manual data processing allsports edp general ledger accounting cycle account title stored magnetic disk magnetic disk represents edp storage phase computer service center chart accounts setup form prepared ms lewis chart accounts data entered direct entry terminal keyboard transferred cpu cpu based computer program instructions transmits data magnetic disk storage computer printout chart accounts prepared forwarded allsports ms lewis checks printout accuracy files chart accounts printout future reference computer printout allsports chart accounts page computer service center financial statement setup forms prepared ms lewis data financial statement setup entered direct entry terminal cpu cpu based computer program instructions stores financial statement setup data magnetic disk data stored magnetic disk format financial statement setup forms end fiscal period amounts needed complete financial statement figured cpu amounts financial statement setup data magnetic disk provide information needed prepare financial statement setup form data computer service center prepare allsports end fiscal period reports computer printouts financial statements setup forms prepared end fiscal period
allsports number identify single group source documents week batched transactions number identify single group source documents called reference number reference number written source documents jet form total data accounts payable batch march kinds source documents batch reference number written memorandums office supplies bought account reference number written single memorandum store supplies bought account reference number written purchase invoices reference number written accounts payable batch entry entered jet form page lines source documents traced locating source documents reference numbers written allsports assigns reference numbers sequentially order reference numbers accounts payable batch march jet form jet form week accounts payable reference numbers start supplies equipment bought account purchases merchandise account included accounts payable batch total accounts payable transactions recorded general ledger accounts allsports accounts payable transactions week ended march accounts payable transactions showing total amounts affecting general ledger accounts office supplies debited total office supplies bought account store supplies debited total store supplies bought account
office supplies debited total office supplies bought cash store supplies debited total store supplies bought cash prepaid insurance debited total cash paid insurance policy accounts payable debited total cash paid account helen lewis drawing samuel sullivan drawing debited cash withdrawals purchases debited total merchandise purchased cash miscellaneous expense debited total cash paid miscellaneous items rent expense debited salary expense debited cash credited total cash payments week ended march batched cash payments week ended march lines jet form page data recorded column data recorded batch cash payments batch recorded number entered bch column column line words cash payments written explanation column column line explain transactions included batch single credit cash line related source document ref number column column line left blank sales merchandise account transactions included accounts receivable batch allsports accounts receivable transactions week ended march accounts receivable debited sales credited total sales merchandise account accounts receivable batch week ended march lines jet form page accounts receivable batch recorded number entered bch column column line
business accounting system desired financial information amount effort businesses expect remain business indefinite accounting records assumption business continue indefinitely preferred type accounting system vary size kind business business transactions need bookkeeper accounting clerk record transactions person records transactions business prefer convenience recording entries journal part denim threads combination journal record transactions business daily transactions need accounting clerks record transactions larger businesses journals journals permits accounting clerks specialize kind transactions recorded specialization generally helps improve efficiency recording transactions journal kind business transaction recorded known special journal lin music center corporation sells musical instruments stereo equipment records tapes music lin journals record transactions businesses organized corporations organization legal rights person owned persons called corporation corporation formed receiving approval federal agency corporation property incur liabilities enter contracts corporation sell ownership form capital stock lin formed corporation owners provide larger amounts capital owner principal difference accounting records sole proprietorships partnerships corporations capital accounts
amount purchases journal posted credit named creditor account accounts payable ledger lin posts daily accounts payable ledger creditor account shows date daily balance illustration page shows posting entry line purchases journal write amount credit column creditor account add amount credit column previous balance credit balance column write balance credit balance column write date date column write abbreviation purchases journal post ref column account place check mark post ref column purchases journal show completion posting line journals abbreviation show journal posting abbreviation purchases journal abbreviation means page purchases journal procedure posting accounts payable credit column combination journal posting combination journal chapter end month purchases journal totaled ruled single line drawn amount column amount recorded column added total written directly single line illustrated page date month written date column word total written account credited column double lines ruled amount column total amount
buyer want merchandise inferior quality damaged received buyer allowed return part merchandise purchased merchandise returned buyer credit called purchases return seller lets buyer merchandise reduced price credit allowed part price merchandise returned called purchases allowance purchases return allowance confirmed writing details stated letter form form prepared buyer showing price deduction buyer returns allowances called debit memorandum form called debit memorandum amount deduction debit liability account accounts payable buyer copy debit memorandum source document journalizing purchases returns allowances buyer wait written confirmation seller confirmation source document lin issues debit memorandum purchases return allowance debit memorandum source document purchases returns allowances transactions transaction recorded immediately waiting written confirmation seller original debit memorandum creditor carbon copy lin debit memorandum form lin purchases returns allowances decrease amount purchases businesses credit purchases account amount purchases return allowance information provided amounts credited separate account purchases returns allowances business large purchases returns allowances
business periodically pays employees services money paid employee services known salary period covered salary payment called pay period businesses base salary payments length pay period weekly biweekly semimonthly monthly procedure figuring salary regardless length pay period list employees shows payments due pay period called payroll methods recording payroll companies method depends number employees type office equipment speed preparation payroll businesses automated data processing equipment basic accounting principles regardless manual automated methods taxes based payroll business called payroll taxes business required law withhold payroll taxes salaries earned employees business required pay payroll taxes payroll taxes based employees earnings accurate detailed payroll records important errors payroll records incorrect payroll tax payments business pay penalty failure pay taxes business withhold federal income tax based employees salaries business forward tax withheld federal government person supported employee reduces employee income tax married person supporting spouse pays income tax single person earnings withholding allowance claimed person supported employee withholding allowance claimed employee
employee social security account number employee social security account number federal tax reports employer required place employee social security number reports payroll taxes banks furnish federal government list persons receiving interest payments social security number reported person list social security numbers shown drivers licenses states personal business income tax returns social security numbers student identification numbers colleges universities social security numbers serial numbers members armed forces payroll system include accurate record employee worked means keeping records employee records frequently cards cards provide information required law hours worked employee cards basic source data prepare payroll worked employee recorded card hand clock card showing hours worked recorded supervisor knows employees arrive leave businesses record total hours worked firms record exact employees arrive leave companies clock employees record times arrival departure times imprinted clock card employee card rack clock employee clock register arrival departure times executives required clock
ms boyd earnings record quarter page employee number social security number payroll data entered top earnings record amount columns employee earnings record amount columns payroll register addition earnings record accumulated earnings column amounts opposite employee payroll register recorded columns employee earnings record pay period ending february pay period quarter ms boyd earnings deductions week entered line earnings record total earnings added accumulated earnings line total earnings date accumulated earnings known date earnings accumulated earnings column shows earnings ms boyd entry column beginning fiscal entry column carried forward ms boyd earnings record quarter amounts accumulated earnings column supply date reference employee date earnings employee earnings reach amount payroll taxes apply employers pay federal unemployment taxes amount employee earnings maximum amount fica taxes paid determined law quarterly totals line space totals quarter totals needed prepare required government reports preparing payroll requires computing recording reporting payroll information business selects system preparing payroll resulting adequate control amount cost
businesses sell merchandise service account customers selling account frequently convenient business customer merchandise sold date payment received later date regardless payment received revenue recorded sale businesses try insure accounts receivable collected business sells account customer customer credit rating determined business request prospective charge customer financial statement evaluate customer ability pay merchandise credit ratings obtained local credit bureaus national credit agencies dun bradstreet publishes credit rating book data financial condition businesses united states business careful selling account accounts receivable collected accounts receivable collected called uncollectible accounts uncollectible accounts known bad debts business fails collect charge customer business loses part asset accounts receivable properly record loss asset accounts adjusted uncollectible amount deducted accounts receivable amount added operating expense account expense caused uncollectible accounts called bad debts expense lin music center expense account bad debts expense uncollectible amount decrease amount revenue loss considered regular expense business amount uncollectible account recorded expense terms sale charge sales eom term means net invoice amount due days
risk loss occurs business makes sale account loss present months pass actual loss determined accurate financial reporting requires expenses recorded accounting period expenses contribute earning revenue business charge sales bad debts charge sales business estimate amount bad debts expense estimate end fiscal period estimated amount bad debts expense recorded reasons recording estimated bad debts expense prevents overstatement accounts receivable balance sheet bad debts expense included income statement fiscal period charge sale net accounts receivable reported balance sheet shown subtracting estimated uncollectible accounts balance accounts receivable difference balance accounts receivable estimated uncollectible accounts called book accounts receivable business knowing sure charge customers fail pay future company customers pay specific customers accounts credited uncollectible accounts receivable account general ledger credited balance accounts receivable controlling account equal sum customers accounts subsidiary ledger company record estimated bad debts expense lin music center records estimated bad debts expense making adjusting entry estimated uncollectible accounts credited account titled allowance uncollectible accounts
business assets cash accounts receivable merchandise inventory turned cash group assets period operate business assets number operation business called plant assets examples plant assets delivery equipment store equipment office equipment buildings land plant assets repeatedly expected plant assets bought purposes resale customers normal course business land business located classified plant asset land bought intention renting reselling profit classified plant asset businesses term fixed assets american institute certified public accountants recommends plant fixed account title plant assets delivery trucks machinery display cases tables typewriters desks called equipment businesses record cost equipment asset account titled equipment businesses record kinds equipment separate plant asset accounts delivery equipment office equipment lin music center plant asset accounts delivery equipment store equipment office equipment plant asset recorded cost april lin music center bought delivery truck cash entry record transaction shown cash payments journal lin separate plant asset account delivery equipment delivery equipment debited cost delivery truck cash credited amount entry posted delivery equipment general ledger appears shown
basic training office skills opportunity put skills realistic setting hours clerk typist typing center sales office greenery large wholesale retail nursery dealing interior exterior decorating landscaping supervisor marci nichols office manager assign administrative staff company departments simulation represents days week july contained separate packet completed packets experienced activities typically performed clerk typist simulation addition employee manual reading packets activities supplies booklet folders organizing employee manual reference greenery office employees organization chart personnel specific instructions office procedures explains purpose document form prepare illustrates proper format read section employee manual perform activity refer question procedure format activities packets represent perform typical clerk typist process papers packets learn correct office procedures gain experience making decisions setting priorities fourth packet types activities requires apply learned packets situations
envelope prepared document mailed company return address type person final approval document mailed order increase speed accuracy mail sorted delivered postal service type envelope address capital letters shown punctuation kind period abbreviation typed letter abbreviation expanded zip code number complete list letter abbreviations found reference section manual post office optical character readers programmed scan specific area envelopes address completely read zone address block style single spaced end inch bottom envelope begin typing destination address line approximately spaces left center envelope interoffice memo written correspondence greenery memo heading shows memo memo received date subject type original carbon copy interoffice memo instructed memo form original onionskin paper copy complete title department office writing receiving memos included body memo begins triple space line heading generally single spaced signature line reference initials
greenery letters typed letterhead stationery block style open punctuation inch line reference initials typed reference line item enclosed letter type word enclosure spaces reference initials type carbon copy notation cc copy letter person letter addressed prepare original carbon copy letter envelope instructed letter abbreviation expanded zip code letter envelope address letter abbreviations shown reference section manual letters type rough draft form expected able interpret standard proofreader marks final copy list proofreader marks shown reference section manual letter illustration follows typed block style open punctuation moment look carefully lines begin left margin block style advantage eliminating need indent date opening closing lines paragraphs enumerated items practice saves valuable typing greenery offices kinds letters economical compose letters response similar requests similar situations form letter designed save document originator valuable form letter shown
depend need data information lived island mountaintop wouldn need data information shelter water food need data information soon began depend exchange data information early days history information basis survival instance information delivered person group presence dangerous animals knowing cave large animal lived early humans avoid killed needed pass information sources food water shelter information needs existed earliest days history information needs grown earliest forms recorded communication pictures symbols picture records left ancient civilizations found picture records drawn walls caves charcoal end burnt sticks provided pencils drawings believed record stories hunting trips travel information served guide hunters travelers modern standards need information processing days small systems simple data processing devices human hand counting ancient latin word digitus meant finger toe fingers counters today word digit means number children counting fingers helpers commerce growing shores mediterranean sea commerce means traveling distances business
mechanical processing job handles data delivers information machines notice words machines machines types processing methods machines carry processing partly human operators typewriter mechanical data processing tool typewriters prepare checks prepare bills purchase orders business records learn business records later chapter mechanical processing takes place person machine machine tool processing data figure electromechanical processing machines operate automatically processing machine leads automatic operations units links direct dial telephone number processing takes place result action result telephone rings automatically processing links indirect result processing step start function happens punched cards data processing operator special machine creates punched cards machine called keypunch shown figure operator keyboard similar typewriter data entered keyboard recorded holes card cards accumulated processed machines record print information figure shows machine prints information recorded punched cards thing remember electromechanical processing machines operated automatically automatic operation direct indirect indirect operation recording reuse data
computers control ray machines help develop detailed pictures body parts process called computer aided tomography cat scanning precision ray units series continuous readings parts body computer forms combined picture showing internal areas detail doctors able patient body surgery older methods patients seriously ill put intensive care facilities hospitals intensive care means nurses specialists hand check condition patients intensive care ward typically nurse patients impossible exact condition patient minute computers provide capability sensors attached patient sensors read vital signs patient vital signs functions tell condition human body vital signs include heartbeat breathing body temperature blood pressure sensors check vital signs connected computer vital signs reach dangerous points computer sounds alarm computers determine patient trouble faster nurse watching patient computers track condition patient figure outbreak disease computers help doctors find national center diseases computer system keeps files known disease symptoms symptom condition sign present sick person symptoms sick entered computers computers symptom analysis telling doctors diseases patient doctors information caring sick persons
magnetic tape computers comes strips wound reels key tape devices conversion source data magnetic tape operators enter data keyboards data recorded tape units electronic processors units check input records sure valid processing computer diskettes floppy disks flexible plastic base coated magnetic material data recorded coated surfaces diskettes popular sizes measure inches inches diameter depending systems diskettes hold million bytes data data diskettes read directly computers diskettes advantage light compact easy high capacity key diskette devices electronic processors data verification enter data directly computers data cassettes resemble stereo units home recorders tape data quality means top quality coating key cassette devices similar operation keypunches units data recorded cassettes computer entry verification handled part data conversion disk packs large disks mounted special computer peripherals disks rigid flexible diskettes base material metal magnetic coating disk packs single large disk multiple disks single pack units resemble stacks large phonograph albums extremely high capacities running billions bytes pack devices record read disk packs expensive
disk files important advantage tapes jobs disk files random access capability computer read write records order read write heads disk files moved easily surfaces disks read write heads move directly desired data record comparison magnetic tape files sequential means read sequence recorded tape today disk pack drives popular file storage device peripheral computer systems equipped disk files units popular input devices common practice computer centers convert captured media magnetic tapes disks input conversion auxiliary equipment auxiliary equipment operates line means computer converting media data captured media converted auxiliary equipment include cards cassettes diskettes punched tapes machine readable documents devices read conversion media directly computers note data capturing data input separate operations jobs data entered directly computers captured advantages direct input depend individual situation direct input small minicomputers microcomputers cases volumes support separate data capturing large computers hand capacity present advantages large scale computer receive input hundreds data capturing keyboards computer processing regular production
type single element printer thimble unit unit easier picture describe figure thimble device rotates daisy wheel struck hammer speeds run characters words minute matrix printers single elements elements feature common fixed characters matrix matrix set wire units imprint series dots strike paper patterns dots formed rapidly printing elements figure single element matrix printers operate speeds characters equal words minute multiple matrix printers operate speeds hundreds lines minute line matrix units print positions elements heat process printers actually touch paper units considered impact type printers chemical reaction heating paper special paper paper darkens heated print unit series dot matrix type positions dot position heated rapidly impressions formed applying heat dot positions appearance printing units looks matrix printer speeds daisy wheel printers print rate characters words minute heat process printers small light units type portable terminals chain printers receive output complete lines single operations
workers operate keypunch machines data conversion units line computer terminals receive source documents capture enter specific fields information typical performance requirements range keystrokes hour actual standards depend type source document complexity data operators assigned verify data data keypunched cards operator operator asked keystroke data conversion machine computer compares entries operators entries data entry match operator stopped differences found fixed continue figure employers expect data conversion input operators high school education applicants skilled typists typical typing speed requirement words minute shortages qualified operators hired type words minute tabular statistical typing skills required situations training input machines desirable typists hired trained job accuracy keyboarding vital data conversion entry operators generally demand skills field transferred easily job situation job security skilled excellent salaries higher typing salaries vary widely according area country size company start small companies willing hire beginners low starting salaries individuals trained change jobs higher pay advancement comes building skills experienced employees promoted grade lead operator
type automatic equipment requires service computers exception need kinds attention specialized service persons figure type service called preventive maintenance routine care amounts computers need checked routine computer memory operation check month routine maintenance call cleaning checking disk drives services applied wrong equipment type maintenance repair systems break computer fails function properly users call maintenance specialist individual expected respond quickly find problem computer running amount computer lost maintenance needs called computer called purpose effective system maintenance minimum system maintenance important career opportunity area data processing field majority computers covered service agreements service agreement contract care maintenance needs computer service agreements offered computer manufacturers specialized companies service personnel repair shops equipment need repair brought service visit offices centers computers installed service personnel trained identify parts computers causing problems watching equipment special diagnostic programs programs computers identify problems operation
leave school knowledge computers essential future career matter field enter company government agency employs certainly computers finish school course involving computers recommended build knowledge computers develop specific skills computers help computers affect future student ways find computer terminal microcomputer study tool computerized instruction methods expanding rapidly learning experiences students assisted computers matter field plan enter benefit computer keyboard past courses involving keyboarding centered typewriter courses teach keyboarding called typing personal typing schools emphasis shifting courses called keyboarding keyboarding skills change names recognizes importance computers fewer workers typewriters future word processing machines computers students soon learning keyboarding typing learn computers keyboarding skills taught earlier grades today typing typically taught junior high high school grade levels future basic keyboarding offered elementary schools students future leave elementary schools experienced computer users early start impossible master information needed
today term entrepreneur refers person owns operates enterprise start business buy started entrepreneur past henry ford edwin land created types businesses called entrepreneurs ford started ford motor company automobiles land originally founded polaroid corporation invention polarizing sheet material began distributing inventions polaroid instant picture camera america depends thousands entrepreneurs supplying products services needs business refer products goods purchase goods products eat lunch visit grocery store shop clothing buy soft drink services tasks pay services call plumber hair stylist dancing lessons automobile repaired establishment supplies goods services exchange payment enterprise business entrepreneurship act creating enterprise create exactly entrepreneur organizing managing assuming responsibility enterprise organization process gathering money machinery needed business started managing involves seeing tasks performed proper assuming responsibility means sacrifices enterprise include working twelve hours spend family friends require going paycheck weeks months
forces affect growth small business coming growing population increased interest entrepreneurship need goods services grows increases population country growing age groups actually shrinking large increase decrease small business continue grow especially enterprises serve growing population groups interested starting enterprises increase level education young schooling compared past equipped entrepreneurship skills sold form goods services outlook small enterprise favorable areas business chance succeed areas bright future services leisure recreation mail order office supplies equipment products housing home furnishings appliances demand services continues grow rapidly women pursue careers home families depend service enterprises care centers home cleaning services examples higher incomes families buying home appliances automobiles recreation equipment created demand repair services entrepreneurs specialized serve customers addition general auto repair shops specializing brakes tune ups mufflers small enterprises continue strong service areas give personal attention consumers want
choose entrepreneurship career appealing reasons personal satisfaction independence profits job security status persons chief reward working personal satisfaction personal satisfaction means want entrepreneur able spend workday job enjoy photography start studio customer pleased portrait receive personal satisfaction satisfaction aiding community live entrepreneurs supply goods services create jobs residents buy goods services local enterprises borrow money local banks pay taxes advantage entrepreneurship independence independence freedom control able knowledge skills abilities fit compared entrepreneurs freedom action charge decisions getting approval choose entrepreneur develop creative ideas course assuming business legal money invest major rewards expected starting business profit profit amount sales income left expenses paid profits owner business employed able control income increased effort put enterprise results increased income case enterprises created persons seeking job security
practically business enterprises united states face competition competition effort businesses win group customers individual firms involved called competitors enterprise survive offers competitive advantages examples service superior product lower price shorter delivery customers buy enterprise advantages important include study competition business plan study include number competitors strengths weaknesses competitors aware competitors located community open gift shop competing companies selling gifts mail order local competitors enterprises exactly gift department department store major competitor planning enterprise identify competition determine local area enterprises plan open relationship number community number businesses kinds illustration shows number persons store varies kind business instance hardware store inhabitants floor covering store inhabitants hand musical instrument store inhabitants averages based nationwide census data necessarily true local area guidelines deciding community businesses type
sole owner enterprise taxed individual business taxed special taxes levied corporate form ownership apply proprietorship proprietor tax return individual taxpayer personal family deductions exemptions listed regular internal revenue service form addition proprietors file separate schedule form deduct business expenses business income total dollars received goods services sold equals business income ordinary costs operating business business expenses generally deduct expenses employees wages salaries interest business debts insurance premiums bad debts rent buildings trucks equipment proprietor successful business enjoy sense accomplishment apply skills personal sacrifices decisions overcome obstacles knowing largely responsible success achieved reward share reward legal forms feeling satisfaction sole proprietorship offers possibility keeping information confidential important success enterprise depends secret process formula owner tell internal revenue service profits proprietorships easy start easy dissolve sell equipment inventory assets enterprise protect credit rating sure employees creditors paid full
proprietors partners perform wide variety functions jacks trades able specialize type task frequently larger legal forms corporations specialized management means person concentrate set duties manager oversee manufacturing product specializes accounting disadvantages corporate form ownership complicated formation double taxation government regulation charter restrictions secrecy getting corporation started requires money legal forms ownership corporation conform laws order obtain charter services lawyer needed filing papers addition lawyer fees pay fee major disadvantage corporate form problem double taxation means profits taxed corporation pay taxes profits stockholders share profits pay personal income taxes amount federal regulations corporations increased depending chartered reports required register corporation states business involves payment special tax obtain charter type business corporation pursue charter permits enterprise engage business activities stated document major change line business charter amended
months enterprise provide money living expenses promising enterprises closed chance prove owners simply run money obtain salaried jobs support families important estimate personal financial needs period months estimation months sure money cover period money wise delay starting enterprise illustration list expense items wish include personal budget money need start enterprise standard answer question business money needs vary according field business activity extractive manufacturing wholesaling retailing service enterprise determining factor size scale operations compared person business costs higher employees start determine starting costs need estimate sales volume estimate likely differ actual sales volume select conservative estimate conservative sales estimate likely low high desirable high estimate lead invest money beginning select conservative figure estimating expenses conservative expense estimate likely high low
financial statements forms depending want purpose document important facts enterprise operation business plan enterprise include financial statements cash budget income statement balance sheet cash budget measure cash enterprise month month businesses cash budgets estimate cash needs period future twelve months step preparing cash budget determine cash balance beginning month shows cash hand cash registers bank step estimate cash receipts cash receipts include funds received cash sales collection credit sales loans estimate based sales forecast cash receipts added cash balance sum total cash business step budget process estimate cash disbursements refers cash paid purchases operating continuing expenses largest cash outlays merchandise wages salaries finally subtract total cash disbursements total cash result cash balance end month figure beginning cash balance month explain cash budget prepared let assume chris manuel planning open shirt shop july costs start paid cash chris manuel decided sell cash basis
planning business thing financially able launch entrepreneurs combination equity funds debt funds equity word ownership equity funds consist money contributed owners entrepreneurs personal sources money include savings retirement benefits sale home inheritance sufficient start money raised entrepreneur partner entrepreneur form corporation sell shares stock course part owner entrepreneur lose control business return investment owners expect share profits equity entrepreneur turn debt funds dollars borrow called debt funds charge pay borrowed funds loans interest sources loans enterprise commercial banks vendors equipment manufacturers distributors small business administration local commercial banks sources debt funds typically provide loans repaid common money buy inventory supplies bank approach checking savings account vendors loan money supply merchandise permit pay later arrangement known trade credit pay bill thirty days exact terms depend line business credit standing money needed pay bill raised selling merchandise
criminal law branch law labels kinds antisocial harmful conduct crimes prohibits committing crimes punishment commit crimes kinds conduct prohibited criminal law harmful hurt individual victim community large crime harms society criminal laws enforced government protect society harms understand criminal law important criminal law fits branches law especially branches criminal law law torts deals situations person harms tort law criminal law obvious differences torts injured person brings case court criminal cases government brings case court important difference seen looking goals branches law happens hatfield punches mccoy nose breaks mccoy nose mccoy injured rules tort law mccoy sue hatfield recover money damages doctors bills medicine loss wages mccoy missed pain suffering tort law branch law person injured property damaged sue person caused injury damage person pay certainly society interest seeing person injures pays person loss society interest matter
criminal laws country according stretched criminal law applied conduct regulated non criminal laws consider examples states drunk public place crime arrest drunks convict crime put jail detoxification center hospital suffering drug alcohol addiction treatment view want drink homes business drunk public bother public drunks annoy put jail view public drunks alcoholics drinking problems need treatment punishment states gambling crime forms legal gambling betting racetracks allowed criminal laws gambling removed say legalize gambling money taxing gambling activities running gambling activities say want gamble legal legal ran gambling activities drive organized crime activities point view gambling thought immoral improper money allowing working gamble hard earned wages states marihuana crime
point law clear crime theft took common law economy england simple possessions business barter exchanging thing crime theft simple consent took property guilty theft introduction money system banks required crime theft expanded cover situations person teller money teller keeps bookkeeper bank makes false entry bank records show lot money bookkeeper bank account think credit cards law changed cover situations buy things credit cards finally big problem today computer fraud learned tie computer business put information computer true information cheat smith buys worth merchandise department store store sends smith bill smith found store keeps account records computer smith ties computer line makes entry computer shows payment smith account computer store records produced computer show bill paid smith cheated store story history law theft shows law try criminal mind
united states constitution unique document sets branches government powers sets limitations powers bill rights ten amendments constitution citizens rights government interfere rights stated positive terms bear arms amendment criminal cases speedy public trial impartial jury sixth amendment rights stated negative form amendment says congress law respecting establishment religion ten amendments originally federal government fourteenth amendment interpreted united states supreme court requiring states follow rights bill rights looking amendments sees rights procedures criminal law mean means federal governments create kind legal system want investigating prosecuting persons suspected committing crimes procedures legal system follow bill rights think picture passing laws set procedures criminal cases deal areas investigation arrest charge trial serving framework laws parts constitution set rules criminal cases procedures follow constitutional rules don constitutional rule
provide remedy violations constitutional rights exclusionary rule supposed prevent illegally obtained evidence trial convict person suppose person convicted judge exclude illegally obtained evidence constitutional violation appointing lawyer giving defendant jury trial constitutional rights violated leads conviction results unfair conviction convictions reversed appellate court case miller suppose police officers allowed testify found bike miller house miller convicted miller appealed conviction appellate court set conviction violation miller rights led conviction remember jones tried littering jones entitled appointed lawyer judge wouldn provide jones appealed conviction appellate court reverse unfair allow jones help lawyer constitutional violation requires conviction reversed constitutional violation played part minor part defendant conviction clear overwhelming evidence defendant guilty conviction stand trial fair consider bank robbed green brown charged committing robbery later police warrant search green apartment find pistol search warrant violates green rights fourth amendment trial brown admits participating robbery
important arrest lawful unlawful thing tell police department lawabiding unlawfully arrested entitled released custody reason arrested police search look weapons evidence crime arrest unlawful search unlawful unlawful arrest words fourth amendment unreasonable seizure person exclusionary rule discussed chapter evidence obtained unreasonable seizure evidence person search follows unlawful arrest unlawful arrest laws search seizure important criminal law laws tell police search seizure tell evidence found seized evidence trial defendant police unconstitutional search seizure prosecutor unable trial found search important rules remember searches seizures arrest search seizure constitutional probable search seizure means police officers facts believe search place find evidence crime weapons loot tools disguise probable based facts facts clear person aware facts believe evidence likely found place
juvenile defined law young person attained age treated adult purposes criminal law extremely important definition children accused committing adult crimes child juvenile commit crimes juveniles commit crimes prosecuted criminal law law prosecuted commit offense prosecuted juvenile court juveniles found guilty committing juvenile offense convicted criminals juvenile delinquents criminal law deals conduct thought harmful bad elements crime criminal intent obvious young immature commit crimes think acts young child bad sense criminal children understand experienced form bad intentions parent left twins room loaded gun table children shot killed child thought murderer child intend kill understand meaning death child unfortunate accident evil child commit crime course parent left unsupervised children room loaded gun presents question chapter concerned young criminal law parents
discussion juvenile matters chapter focused delinquency area related criminal law juvenile courts handle cases neglected dependent children parents unable support properly supervise child steps looks child welfare part juvenile court children called dependent children steps parents refuse properly support care children children called neglected children concern voiced juvenile courts avoid delinquency procedures constitutional rights apply juvenile delinquency proceedings procedures states definitions dependent neglected children include children need supervision children need supervision include called status offenders status offenders include runaways incorrigibles truants children frequently absent school excuse groups defined delinquents laws states status offenders imprisoned training schools juvenile facilities delinquents conduct defined delinquency end getting treated delinquents constitutional rights juveniles apply juvenile delinquency proceedings kinds juvenile proceedings say person violates law getting proper supervision put person facility children need supervision able indirectly follow constitutional procedures required delinquency cases
prosecutors defense lawyers ready try case set trial ask judge delay trial judge delays trial called continuance trial continued postponed later date case continued minute notify victim witnesses notify oversight result victims witnesses show trial sit awhile told case continued cases continued times situations victims bitter consideration victim goes inconvenience trouble expense taking told trial held victims tired going courthouse fed decide return victim show case dismissed key witness didn victim notified advance unnecessary trip court delays caused continuances hurt victim public confidence system delays commission crime trial victims feel cares crime happened defendant allowed plead guilty crime victims feel case justice delays caused defense lawyers asking continuances
command system individual citizen say economic decisions type system government command individual small group single leader small group makes important economic choices person group decides amounts types products produced economy leaders decide products prices sold government decides earn impossible move home accept job government permission command systems individuals allowed types private property clothes food buy bicycles cars businesses sell goods owned government land houses factories belong government government owns oil coal iron natural resources difference command system free enterprise centers freedom command system told pay free enterprise choices businesses don won buy end exercise control economy buying decisions examples countries command economic systems include eastern europe asia nations include majority population putting minority freedom economic choice command free enterprise systems disadvantages command system deal power small group
materials air water earth included natural resources obvious examples fuels oil coal wood forests salt oceans oxygen air category land natural resource suppose developer wants build shopping mall conveniently located piece land important resources successful mall tools buildings machinery produce goods services known capital resources capital goods capital goods produced purchased businesses capital goods directly satisfy human needs wants assist producing goods services satisfy needs wants garden hoe simple capital buy hoes hoe satisfy human wants satisfy wants owner hoe rid garden weeds weeds garden grow carrots potatoes hoe valuable helps gardener satisfy need food capital goods important economic system electric razor barber provide haircut capital car driven salesman microphone entertainer capital goods typewriter author writes economic system capital goods satisfy needs wants human natural resources imagine car cost machines
earlier learned things money tobacco cattle beads beaver skins examples list include gold silver wheat spices hundreds items money rossel island guinea south pacific interesting island population natives shells money kinds shells values shells recognized colors shapes thousand shells low values highest values natives rossel island believe highest valued shells magic sacred content considered sacred box light special purposes natives custom chief died inhabitants neighboring village killed eaten victim relatives paid sacred shells money things money expect equally wheat form money silver gold shells dollar bills requirements item considered money money divisible unique durable money spending needed trade holder money able payment quickly money large heavy messy exchange consider economy wheat money
suppose favorite aunt leaves secret recipe smoothest richest tasting fudge decide earn lot money making fudge selling local candy stores need started place equipped candy making parents willing let kitchen need money buy sugar chocolate nuts ingredients needed started money stashed summer vacation going beginning able care plenty fudge deliver stores later busy hire friends help fill orders parents decide want kitchen result find location business need stove mixer refrigerator pile money socked borrow friends parents bank point candy business called sole proprietorship means owner business employees employee worker wages salary set agreement owner employee income affected profit earned business wages amounts paid periods according number hours worked salary regular income paid set periods weekly monthly
market wage determined supply demand curves cross wage market wage applicants jobs job mines money wage market wage excess demand miners miners meet needs mine owners pay higher wages market wage number willing miners equal demand miners suppose high school teachers country decided coal miners result wage miners figure shows supply curve labeled end note curve shows willing wage original supply curve willing miners wage hour curve says willing miners hour want miners market wage drops note demand curve supply curve cross wage hour market wage jobs wanted offered accepting lower pay find job supply demand explain wages higher occupations want jobs field market wage drops hand businesses suddenly require type worker offer higher wages
success union closely related number jobs members result union aware reduce demand skills members commercial air flights flown pilot pilot navigator cockpit airlines arguing models aircraft safely flown member crews union resisting change loss jobs involved issue job security involves hiring firing disciplining individual workers respect hiring unions want members chance jobs result push contracts give preference union members closed shop union shop examples efforts preserve jobs union members respect firing disciplining objective union protect members grievance procedures helping workers feel treated unfairly grievance procedure involve hearing panel consisting union management members extreme cases worker ask help national labor relations board suppose employed business workers represented union thinking low pay hours decide union help fellow workers bring union firm workers business tell national labor relations board considering union officials nlrb supervise election worker allowed vote proposed union
unemployment cases person unemployed quit job find situations lack skills demand lead unemployment recent developed printing industry printers publishers discontinued linotype similar machines linotype large machine sets full line type hot melted metal lines cast single metal bar operated keyboard late nineteenth century movable type set hand character linotype revolutionized setting type resulted skill requirements change place type set computer controlled systems methods called phototypesetting cold type techniques result jobs open skilled phototypesetting jobs linotype operators eliminated finally unemployment result general conditions economic system chapter explains demand labor derived demand demand goods services produced labor determines jobs exist real gnp declines goods services produced fewer workers employed unemployment increases real gnp decreases month department labor reports rate unemployment united states rate unemployment percentage total number workers find percentage computed simple division number unemployed divided total working want impossible contact person computing unemployment rate
producing goods services businesses damage environment rivers lakes polluted fish swim severe air pollution cities prevents residents seeing sun polluted air forced persons move protect health businesses unconcerned damage environment answer free enterprise system reward preserve natural resources basic objective business earn profit profits difference dollars received dollars spent resource costly sparingly making product manager concerned resources expensive resources free company freely air water resources businesses making products steel mill air rid smoke coming furnaces paper mill dump waste materials river air water free businesses reason conserve company profits affected river polluted air unpleasant breathe fact attempt reduce pollution water air requires costly resources cut profits managers reason try protect environment profits affected dirty air water happiness area residents greatly affected residents hurt pollution possibly area threaten buy polluting company products
suggests personal income tax tax income individuals federal government personal income tax states cities tax laws states cities federal personal income tax covered federal personal income tax progressive tax marginal tax rate high incomes greater lower levels income figure shows tax rates set congress note column labeled taxable income tax base tax rates applied person taxable income total amount money earned determining income tax allowed subtract types expenses include interest payments money charity medical bills items taxable income affected number family current laws taxable income reduced person family figure shows marginal tax rate increases income rises rates percent taxable income percent level figures total tax levels taxable income person taxable income pay income taxes proportion increases half total income million level approached actual amount taxes paid totals shown figure reasons tax loopholes loopholes legal ways reducing amount income tax owed hundreds loopholes written tax laws
energy electricity released matter matter term include substances solids liquids gases entire universe matter formed uniform patterns structures electricity results structures react applied energy limited number structures form known types matter basic structural forms known elements element form matter specific basic structures properties found solids liquids gases earth formed natural elements elements formed nuclear reactions natural elements heard elements hydrogen helium oxygen carbon aluminum copper examples natural elements comprise matter element smallest unit matter retains structure element called atom atoms small isolated seen powerful microscopes scientists atoms structures studying behave atoms element structurally atoms composed parts interchangeable parts particles atoms move atoms energy released atomic particles exist atomic structures separate parts atoms structures principles electrical energy understand principles apply consider illustration figure diagram atom simplest lightest element hydrogen form shown hydrogen parts particles
external force drives electrons conductor known electromotive force emf emf effect electrical pressure voltage unit measuring emf volt abbreviated voltage force applied drive electrons conductor present known practical sources emf description sources follows magnetism force attracts materials iron magnetism occurs nature create electromagnet passing electric current coil wire surrounding structure iron magnetic field area magnet magnetic force active emf generated wire passed magnetic field opposite true emf results magnetic field wire wire magnetic field motion magnetism economic means generating electric power known today electricity produced magnetism lights motors applications alternator electric power automobile figure emf result chemical reactions elements reactions power flow electrons reactions contained special structures known cells cells connected provide source emf device results needs introduction called battery diagrams cells figures chemically produced electricity powers transistor radios cars batteries starting lighting purposes electricity produced materials rubbed certainly experienced source emf common wear clothing artificial fibers nylon
electrical circuits things voltage emf current resistance include circuit need source emf conductor current consuming devices resistance set electric circuit connect conductor consuming devices series series circuit wire connects power source consuming devices current follows path called circuit electrons start negative travel closed switches consuming devices positive battery terminal diagram figure shows series circuit includes control device consuming device source electricity circuit battery note symbol battery consuming device symbol resistor consuming devices resist current degree circuit provide voltage current consuming device series circuit resistors connected single conductor schematic diagram showing type resistor connection illustrated figure notice resistors identified figure resistors circuit identified subscripts subscript number letter normal reading line resistor identified capital resistor circuit subscript numbers resistor resistor resistor resistors included additional subscript numbers added letter identifies resistors circuit total resistance identified rt reading notations say
ac meters rectifiers inside meter case effect rectifier functions ac dc conversion proper resistance ac shunt determined dc shunt resistance meter sum resistances rectifier meter coil ac voltmeter rectifier type circuit purpose illustrated figure rectifier circuit diode semiconductor device rectifier connected series meter movement resistance added determining total resistance full scale deflection multirange ac voltmeter created adding selector switch circuit diode arrangement ac voltmeter movement shown figure known bridge rectifier meter movement inserted middle diode arrangement meter movement ac dc voltmeters ammeters adding resistors rectifiers circuits approach single type meter movement wide range purposes meter common direct measurement resistance function covered methods measuring resistance circuit ohmmeter convenient ohmmeter single instrument probes probes unknown resistance resistance displayed meter scale inside case ohmmeter voltage source dry cells
device transfers electrical power coil called transformer transformers change voltage transfer transformer functions physical connection source receiving conductors principle mutual inductance explained chapter current flows transformer primary coil current creates magnetic flux magnetic flux effect couples primary coil secondary coil voltage induced secondary coil induced voltage varied increasing decreasing magnetic field result transformer operation induction emf secondary coil transferred conductor connected secondary coil symbols types inductors shown figure air core means air separates primary secondary coils iron core iron bar primary secondary coils symbols figure represent transformers electrical diagrams transformer built coils primary coil secondary coil primary coil called input means brings electrical power transformer secondary coil called output carries electrical power transformer transformer efficient electrical devices today moving parts extremely dependable operation transformer controlled varying input current transformer core air means solid material coils power transformers audio frequency transformers iron core iron core helps concentrate lines force
capacitor charge electrons uncharged happens voltage applied plates uncharged capacitor shown drawing figure note symbol capacitor drawing preferred show capacitor straight curved line facing note circuit dc current source position switch open position figure switch closed position current applied difference potential created voltage source electrons transferred positive plate negative plate transfer continues voltage source connected plates accumulated charge equal potential difference applied voltage charging takes place capacitor charged figure voltage removed switch open point potential difference charge capacitor remains surplus electrons negative plate capacitor charge remains place path provided discharging excess electrons figure switch moved position opens path discharging surplus electrons notice discharge path opposite direction charge path demonstrates change circuit voltage results change capacitor charge electrons leave excess negative plate try voltage circuit constant review ability oppose change circuit voltage called capacitance
electricity produce heat light depend electricity purposes important learn electrical applications chapter include electricity quartz heaters resistance heaters welding microwave ovens learn choice electric lamps electricity produce heat arc furnace melt metals early figure paved modern methods steel making chicago fair displayed growing electricity electric iron introduced fair weston enclosed arc introduced figure electric arc produced current flowing carbon rods rods brought contact arc struck electric arc established rods moved slightly arc vaporizes small quantities carbon vaporize substance turn solid liquid gas carbon vapor path current flow current maintains arc produces light heat figure carbon arcs brazing brazing joining pieces metal heat heat melts high temperature material brass melted metal forms bond join braze pieces metal application welding welding pieces metal joined heat welders rods materials similar joined carbon arc produces intense light
home sizes ranging bulb largest size found home general service lamps frosted white clear glass envelopes frosted glass etched acid applied etching spreads diffuses light passing glass greater diffusion provided white lamps envelopes lamps coated inside etched purposes etching coating glare controlled diffusion light softens shadows produces visibility pleasing appearance working living areas general service lamps shown figure lamps filaments figure filaments wired separately lighted light switch operating special socket switch makes selection filaments connected levels wattage single lamp typical sizes designed table floor lights diffusing bowls number watt sizes envelope bulb heavy white coating sides permits percent light cast percent light directed upward general illumination room shaped white indirect lamps white coating sides bulbs coated opaque silver finish light directed flat wide end bulb
electricity household delivered system home electrical system designed installed according plan development household wiring plan begins needs house occupants plan recognizes electricity essential electricity convenience electrical plan designed meet needs conveniences planned electrical system protect occupants home meet safety standards apply household wiring average home devices electricity designed saving saving convenience entertainment energy electricity units average home reason wiring systems older homes need special attention wiring system needs service entrance point electricity enters home wires power company distribution network connected service entrance wires service entrance hooked distribution panel distribution panel sets circuits home lights appliances connected branch circuits branch circuits start distribution panel usable electrical system branch circuits suitable house occupants equipment lights operate reliably excessive voltage drops lights appliances turned planned electrical system spare circuits permit expansion service needed electrical keeps growing face energy problems electrical system house able care future needs occupants extension cords
recent electrical engineering rapidly growing professions country largest branches engineering order electrical engineer person engineering school college university study required bachelor degree math science background required admission engineering school electrical engineers design develop supervise manufacture electrical electronic equipment projects include motors generators televisions computers missile guidance systems figure rapid growth expected field electrical engineering continued expansion computer technology created demand qualified programmers technicians designers figure military communications satellite communications fields require engineering skills newer types power generation equipment solar geothermal nuclear provide design projects engineers future interested career engineer find information writing institute electrical electronic engineers nineteenth street nw washington dc electric light power industry united states includes approximately companies company systems power plant substations network transmission distribution lines figure percent jobs industry generating plants percent related transmission distribution power percent jobs involve repair maintenance percent jobs consumer service estimated percent jobs engineering technical positions thousand job opportunities workers electric utilities industry
electricity think ways electricity works lights home school heat warms house cooks meals electricity starts car electricity powers clocks watches telephones stereos typewriters copiers guitars pianos electricity makes easier unit learn basic facts electricity learn electricity read movement small particles produces electricity read conductors resistors insulators semiconductors conductors materials free electrons resistors conductors give electrons freely insulators materials high resistance semiconductors materials halfway conductors poor conductors learn materials affect flow electricity learn electricity ways electricity methods friction heat light pressure chemical action magnetism read ways produce electricity learn static electricity thermocouples photo cells batteries magnets electromagnets static electricity formed friction lightning discharge static electricity received shock static electricity walking carpet reaching doorknob thermocouple device producing electricity heat photo cells produce electricity light batteries devices chemical action generate electricity magnets created placing materials magnetic field magnets generate electricity piece copper wire passed force field current flowing wire electromagnet electromagnets perform functions read unit
natural magnets called lodestones figure lodestones pieces iron ore originally located magnetic field surrounds earth figure shows lines magnetic force earth lodestones magnetized lines force magnetism transferred material permanent magnets placing materials magnetic field lodestones lose magnetism magnet poles north south magnet allowed swing freely ends point roughly north south attracted magnetic poles earth earth huge magnet north south pole force field magnets attempt line force field surrounds earth magnet surrounded force field earth covering magnet piece paper sprinkling iron fillings paper filings attracted force field line according pattern figure figure shows patterns force field types magnets piece copper wire magnetic field moved electricity generated cutting force field electrons wire move electrons forced end copper wire magnetic force field movement electrons generates electricity wire shaped coil electricity passed effect reversed magnetic field created magnetism produced called electromagnetism
series circuit circuit connected electrons path follow power supply consuming devices end end electrons travel straight path negative positive cells connected series produce voltage connect cells produce battery battery voltage single cell connect cells series connect negative electrode cell positive electrode path electrons follow find voltage provided cells series simply add voltages cell instance volt cells produce volts connected series volt cells connected series produce volts voltage produced cells series current cells cell provide figure shows symbol cell figure symbol battery note battery symbol cell symbols battery cells term consuming device electrical load load determined amount resistance circuit current flow smaller resistance ohms larger load small resistance draws current large resistance electrical load measured ohms remember energy consumed circuit measured watts watt unit measurement electrical power
unit learned principles series circuit unit introduced principles parallel series parallel circuit parallel circuit electrons path travel read cells connected parallel learn current voltage parallel circuits paths current follow parallel circuits read resistance parallel circuits order find resistance parallel circuits formulas learn unit introduced basic rules parallel circuits learn common parallel circuits house wiring lights wired parallel appliances circuits resistors connected series parallel called series parallel circuits circuits electronics learn determine resistance series parallel circuit order reduce circuit series equivalent simply add resistances obtain total resistance series circuit learn determine current series parallel circuit parallel circuits series circuits want read unit carefully refer unit sure principles types circuits parallel circuit electrons path travel parallel circuit commonly home lights wired parallel appliances connected power lines
unit learn generation measurement transmission current types current direct current alternating current read types current direct current flows direction type current produced batteries direct current polarity direction current flow determined positive negative polarity terminals alternating current directions flows direction direction times alternating current generated alternators unit learn alternator works learn alternating current measured frequency hertz terms measurement alternating current learn terms mean read waveforms peak average rms values read alternating current generators generated electrical power transmitted users section unit discusses distribution electrical power introduced function transformers transformers increase reduce voltage transmission amount current flow circuit determined size wire unit learn wire sizes determined read kind wiring home learn ways tell home wiring electrical needs direct current called dc flows direction negative positive batteries produce direct current chemical action generators produce direct current mechanical energy dc generator simple coil wire rotating magnetic field
electricity means need able detect measure types meters perform task proper meters measure current voltage resistance unit read devices measure current voltage resistance current measured amperes voltage measured volts resistance measured ohms units measured meter multimeter measure basic kind meter movement meter commonly meter movement electrical measurement learn works principle simple magnetic field created current flowing coil wire field meter needle move current flows wire needle deflect high currents measured shunt shunt parallel resistance forms bypass current read shunt works choose size shunt meters need direct current function learn alternating current converted direct current ac changed dc measured diode change alternating current rectified diode measured meter movement read types meters measure alternating current taut band movement iron vane meter meter movements measure current voltage resistance measure current called ammeters measure voltage called voltmeters
presence current circuit detected magnetic field magnetic field appears conductor passing current figure magnetic field stronger current conducting wire formed coil magnetic compass end coil needle deflected turned normal north south direction deflection current present coil figure electric meter works principle magnetic field caused current flowing coil wire field meter needle indicator move basic meter type shown figure figure shows coil wire free turn magnetic field magnetic field set permanent magnet control springs located end meter coil resist pointer movement current flows coil pointer deflect type meter unit called meter movement widely meter movement electrical measurement types measurements simple meter movement scale positioned pointer read scale determine amount current flowing circuit meter scale called ammeter figure shows ammeter note scale linear means distances numbers scale meter maximum reading full scale deflection milliampere ma currents ma moving coil springs
read unit electricity generated large power plants transmitted high voltages power lines carry residential commercial users transformers step voltage volts residential distribution wires carry electricity transformers electric poles located homes cases distribution wires buried surface reach house entrance cables carry electricity home figure entrance cable composed wires connected service entrance house cable runs house meter meter records number kilowatthours power home figure shows path electrical service transformer meter meter figure read regular intervals meter reader power company reading basis figuring monthly bill kilowatthour meter measures amount power power product current voltage means meter sets coils figure set coils measures current set measures voltage aluminum disk mounted coils coils arranged disk rotate power horseshoe shaped magnet slows disk rotation power turned rotating disk connected set gears gears drive needles dials read calculate consumption power face meter small dials dials read left
george reynolds thought religious married wife amelia jane schofield government territory utah thought clearly violated law polygamy married person doubt reynolds knew broken law wife alive aware wife reynolds criminal mormon member church jesus christ latterday saints religion allowed wife reynolds argued religion commanded wife reynolds act sought guidance ministers church gave permission marry conducted marriage ceremony reynolds argued practicing religion protected amendment united states constitution eyes church properly married charged tried convicted crime polygamy reynolds sentenced hard labor fine united states supreme court decide law polygamy withstand claim freedom religion american constitution stands ahead law congress constitution put differently court decide claim religious freedom individuals define meaning marriage conviction prison sentence fine reynolds upheld court decision court laws control actions interfere mere religious belief opinions interfere religious practices
states set family courts attempt deal entire family problems single government agency courts scope traditional domestic relations court counseling psychiatric expert help addressing needs family family court acts terms family especially matter goes child custody adoption marriage ended answer questions coming family court needed formal court trial statutory law requires couple seeking divorce attempt reconciliation solving disagreements getting suppose divorce family court custody robin peter father court permits mother children weekends mother complains father difficult children question court formal hearing family court employs staff help sort problems spouse wants divorce family court ask staff social worker meet parties report reconciliation family court referees help settle quarrels visiting rights support payments referees listen complaints tell parties think referees assistants judge court room atmosphere meetings referees family court staff jury formal questioning witnesses lawyers
states pennsylvania florida view changed states passed equal rights amendment constitution effect amendment applied question law impose burdens members society based male female equal rights amendment constitution mean applied contributions erin john remember contributions title home names pennsylvania supreme court equal rights amendment presumption created contributions husband wife treated gifts presumption overcome applied husband wife took advantage knowledge influence control title names facts erin influenced unfairly give savings payment family home husband special control pennsylvania contribution extent john treated gift husband florida approach question unfair influence court looks special contribution husband wife matter contribution form money kind personal service ordinary marriage relationship erin john lived florida altogether special contribution favor erin
story gina marie arose york court heard request sarah asked return child called family court listened evidence iowa court gave weight testimony child psychiatrist decision family court award custody mrs jeffreys sarah thought decision family court wrong law appealed highest court called appellate division court looked record decided give custody gina marie sarah gave weight natural parent raise child child raised natural parent mrs jeffreys appealed decision york highest court called court appeals court decisions family court appellate division wrong family court mistakes gave custody gina marie mrs jeffreys based period sarah failed claim daughter evidence child psychiatrist family court considered qualifications background mrs jeffreys family court gave mrs jeffreys custody consider mrs jeffreys parent weigh possibility mrs jeffreys adopting gina marie giving mrs jeffreys custody denies gina marie legal parent puts words court legal limbo suppose point adult gina marie wanted marry give parental consent
describe mildred condition pleasant going understand problem choices ways mildred elephant large bag growth covered side face caused ear cheek eyelid droop side face large side mildred birth result deformity mildred fifteen school feel comfortable happy school parents force school officials decided leave mildred parents took known surgeon told operation perform operation dangerous successful mildred condition helped mean look operation ongoing treatment cure mildred end road say mildred look disfigured chance normal kind successful mildred parents thought carefully operation end decided simply want put daughter operation risk remain alive daughter operation dangerous success limited
betty seventeen gave birth sam marriage ended soon sam born husband give support betty leave job sam afford sitter sam young care betty felt choice quit job result welfare depended government give help needed live betty tied house money week wasn able friends angry temper flare reason loved sam getting nerves betty yell scream yell scream upset hit couldn help hit hard hurt whimpered held boy couldn help cried hit hit hard arm heard snap took hospital hospital doctor examined sam found broken arm opinion injury happened accident betty told sam fallen crib doctor saw bruises sam body doubt doctor mind sam showed signs battered child syndrome injuries enable doctor tell child injured intentionally
sheryl share bill fortune marriage partnership added condition reversed sheryl providing family income bill share answering question led sheryl receive sheryl bill gave question lot thought approach took involved lot guessing sure answer sheryl bill knew answer dollars terms length payments didn figures court knew court guess give award sheryl bill award lawyers paid deal generally sheryl bill think sheryl marriage lasted feel differently marriage children marriage lasted ten children union figuring amount paid sheryl bill believe sheryl earning power considered objective give sheryl marriage lasted objective giving sheryl
area deserves careful review court agreement parents concerning custody children legislature sheryl bill requires investigation concerning child custody resulting divorce parents say short staying married change requirement family court full staff professionals include psychologists social workers investigators responsible family court powers family court call parent offices interviews questioning question neighbors relatives parents observe question children family court staff members required prepare report set facts understand report suggestions custody staff interest custody question professionals clear family court judge tend rely judgment decision family court judge court ordered legislature decisions kind need fair concerned parents children family court judge required law investigatory report sheryl bill able read able prepared report able question persons court family court judge want hear testimony children question open court protection
ending marriage simple matter children property matter difficult sheryl bill tried problems getting agreement points understood important points involves children court ignore agreement husband wife children order thinks serve interest reasons seen chapters real interest children welfare children writing agreement sheryl bill protect interest story sheryl bill show couple children money want able separation agreement couples sheryl bill strong emotions marriage ends especially children property part marriage strong emotions difficult talk reason help couples difficulty sitting working agreement couples sheryl bill reason don income bill possibility income sheryl family property divide young couples ending marriage children support difficult handle financially couple
stop wanting needing things eat satisfying lunch dinner ready eat bought pair jeans wanted want wear outgrown jeans longer style simply tired young family want move small house larger family size increases family want move income increased afford house owner large car want buy smaller gas order save money conserve energy products discover wants aware week want product satisfying want brings buy camera want film want flash attachment tripod developing outfit wants changing reasons true satisfy wants needs wants unlimited say want mean want goods services key words study business economics goods tangible things things touch everyday goods called products goods pizza bar soap package notebook paper short
read earlier part basically economic systems studied system detail find hard define capitalism socialism communism explain true partly exists pure form pure capitalism enterprises privately owned managed pure communism enterprises owned run government socialism today government operate basic enterprises steel mills railroads airlines power plants radio tv stations banks extent government ownership control decided want government control vote want vote enterprises privately owned chance private business ownership country communism government tight control economic resources farms mines factories stores newspapers railroads telephone services owned run government government decides goods services produced decides produced true free buy goods services offered sale prices supply products clothing tv sets watches cars set government living communism freedom decide school job job opportunities wages paid fixed government government tell person large apartment house live
businesses grow products raw materials nature called extractors farmer grew sold cotton shirt silver coal miners important extractors dig copper montana pump oil texas run lumber camps washington extractor products ready sold earth sea crabs sold fisherman wharf san francisco food products raw materials need processing change form consumer manufacturer takes extractor products raw materials form consumers manufacturer product toaster process product packaging freezing vegetables manufacturers part total activity producing goods extractor products shirt process textile mill north carolina takes cotton grown alabama farm spins yarn makes yarn cloth plant england takes cloth dyes prints clothing factory york buys cloth makes shirts extractors manufacturers change form resources natural states products consumers advanced technology skilled labor force enable producers thousands products reasonable cost products consumers want buy consumers goods bought directly producers hard expensive buy things
lot reasons means survival today earn money care basic needs food clothing shelter transportation real satisfaction comes working job getting personal satisfaction important benefit wage paid important able earn care basic needs wants selecting job need money able earn job amount wages paid job depends factors important amount experience education training required general jobs requiring education high school requiring specialized training electronics pay require high school diploma considering benefits account employee benefits offered employee benefit receive free low cost employer instance employers pay health insurance workers retirement plans insurance programs low cost meals company cafeteria special recreation programs included employee benefits costs employer money provided earnings needs wants addition knowing performed job benefits mind trends affect future
millie vance blanche scott shopping millie looking electric toaster weeks blanche purchased toast rite pleased purchase walked stores blanche praised features toast rite happy price paid passed counter toasters store millie saw toast model features toaster blanche bought millie blanche read label inspected toast model carefully conclusion buy millie pleased purchase imagine blanche felt disappointed paid blanche realized shopped properly looking toaster decide buy money wisely shop receive money worth competition economic system helps merchants try give values honest service attract patronage hold buying loyalty buy wisely avoid costly mistakes general rules buying precious smart shopper willing making purchases consumers impatient want buy costs money willing wait mean postponing purchase saved money pay cash afford larger payment special sales event coming
consumer services hold types jobs workers grouped according major duties inspectors sanitarians group consumer related workers group works research testing workers perform tests determine safety durability products merchandise evaluator employed large department store toys store sells safe private laboratory employs test safety electrical products workers group conduct research find consumers plan buy television shows watch information processing communication major functions consumer service workers group includes gather write broadcast publish information consumers consumer reporters comparative shopping groceries supermarkets gather data effects inflation family nutrition findings published consumer column newspaper broadcast consumer interest radio tv show consumer education teachers extension agents consumer counselors provide information help consumer group increasing number jobs handle consumer complaints federal consumer agency installed hotline telephone consumer complaints inquiries hotline calls received think number needed receive follow complaints consumer affairs directors businesses complaint clerks private consumer agencies directors local consumer protection offices examples jobs category group consumer service workers devote protecting consumer rights
easy open checking account paycheck cash clerk teller bank say want open account bank employee help sign signature card deposit select checks regular checking account bank money customer account customer signs check telling bank pay sum money bank depositor signature record compare signature checks reason asked sign card open account card bank official record signature called signature card bank account called joint account person write checks joint account sign signature card joint account husband wife illus shows signature card signed robert mary larkin joint account larkins write checks account owner signature card business similar shown show business signatures authorized sign checks business deposit money checking account fill deposit slip deposit ticket form list items depositing coins paper money checks items deposit slip bank clerk teller
check passed person person endorsement sooner later returned drawer bank paid charged checking account process called clearing check drawer payee accounts bank clearing simple bank subtracts amount drawer account adds payee account banks involved clearing fairly simple banks town suppose ted king neighborhood rock group feels song big group practice ted persuades father rent garage outskirts town kings neighbor suggestion rehearsal hall rent month king sends rental check written account west fork national bank joan radd realty look illus follow check trip banks town kings live king joan radd realty endorses check deposits account citizens trust company citizens trust receives check adds account joan radd realty endorses check sends west fork national bank payment west fork national receives check pays citizens trust subtracts amount king account check canceled west fork national bank returned king record payment banks town banks agree clear checks
bank writes guarantee check certify amount check immediately subtracted depositor account makes impossible depositor withdraw money checks check returned bank credited depositor account large payments bank check purchased banks deposit part funds banks employee bank draw checks deposits draw funds deposited bank check bank official draws bank deposits bank known bank draft banks sell bank drafts suppose sam welton builder middleton wanted large payment construction company san francisco personal checks accepted welton pay bank draft case draft check welton middleton bank wrote funds deposit san francisco bank welton pay bank small fee issuing draft check bank draws funds called cashier check checks originally drawn employee bank known cashier check drawn employee banks refer checks drawn funds officer checks treasurer checks manager checks depending authorized draw banks commonly cashier checks paying expenses sell customers sell bank drafts
term human relations refers relationships relationships formal informal close distant emotional unemotional kinds relationships considered employee business relationships employees supervisor customers business relationships illustrated square illus notice points square relationships groups groups relationships study human relations begin study silly say relationship oneself answer course relationship means learn accept important develop relationships relate positively successfully feel don don obvious inconsistent conscious unpredictable difficulty knowing react words able relate relationship chapter help learn understand employee spend deal employees reasons important employees help hinder
employers recognize importance human relationships goal organizations fair treatment employees ago prejudicial discrimination occurred levels organizations today employer awareness high qualified individuals prejudice free environment allowed advance employers placing greater emphasis employees free access personnel records employers guaranteeing security privacy records individuals groups organizations employers human relations removed roadblocks success employee dependent success occupation requires knowledge skills success happen chance happen number breaks ready advantage breaks succeed opportunities succeed miss chance ready exactly opportunity ready times ready succeed job kinds knowledge technical knowledge knowledge technical knowledge job mechanic engines operate nurse learn care patients chef specialized knowledge preparing food carpenter types wood technical knowledge gained studying courses course ways gaining technical knowledge learn technical skills job learn making mistakes learn observing
justice concern rules respect rules authority makes rules reason believe duty follow rules orders exception reason encourages thing pleases mary works assembly line company prints binds educational materials union mary workers belong contract company clearly states daily production quota recently supervisor assembly line increased production quota pressure division chief mary workers knew supervisor increase quota knew supervisor breaking contract increasing quota mary decides say respects supervisor authority concern human rights reason based written unwritten laws bill rights constitution united states written laws support reason justice means person bases decision concern human rights places respect individuals blind obedience authority written rules tod high school student works part needed car drive school car lot explained salesperson needed afford pay month looking models tod narrowed decision cars
study reasons leave lose jobs found main reason worker job main reason hard getting employees future employee organization important skills learn employees learn employees employee kind job accepted job employees means worker listen talk welcome organization accepted step getting environment wants accepted accepted especially important employees important worker feel acceptable unhappy productive hand onewho feels accepted likely happy satisfied worker happy satisfied workers tend jobs raises pay promotions special recognition employers accepted employees speed things techniques important techniques learning accept styles trying incorrect assumptions maintaining appearance developing attitude things workers job recognize accept person want
hundreds reasons want ahead reasons related basic factors money recognition personal satisfaction money money important reason buy things want reasons important getting ahead recognized money important reason demonstrated workers company hundred assembly line workers supervisors asked important responses recognition money advancement promotion means responsibility ways advancement means getting recognition money order promoted recognized job promoted money think peace corps volunteers remote corners help say personal satisfaction personal satisfaction inside makes proud comes feel sense pride accomplishment special need wrong getting employees earning money receiving recognition achieving personal satisfaction want recognition badly forget human relations don forget simply learned ahead getting employees don care learned ahead problems helen promotion case point
case employee suggestion helped increase store profits gwen stockroom employee department store gwen job carry large boxes merchandise stockroom sales floor worked hard couldn demand merchandise sales floor stockroom gwen supervisor watched problem interest concern soon supervisor beginning think solve problem hire person gwen frustrated solution thought buy pushcart easily push heavy boxes gwen knew cart stay ahead demand merchandise sales floor wrote idea paper put store employees suggestion box gwen supervisor learned suggestion supervisor liked idea certainly expensive buy pushcart hire employee supervisor cancelled plans hire person bought pushcart selected gwen idea suggestion month gwen award suggestion share stock company share worth payoff concerned clear gwen worker alert ways improve job suggestion resulted easier job bonus addition supervisor saw person working employer
arguments misunderstandings meanings words manager tell employee employee understand employee actually end wrong thing manager intended communication breakdown occurs human relations problems ralph mistake problem bypassing monday morning ralph manager called office ralph week sales terrible fact sales entire month percent employees spend arguing selling want find trouble put end understand ok boss replied ralph manager assistant care tuesday morning employees manager office extremely upset ralph found employees arguments taking place fired ralph boss believe ralph meant ralph straighten situation want find trouble put end ralph meant entirely thing manager forgot meanings words communication problems result bypassing avoided manager practices important rules communication manager recognize words meanings manager ask employees understood understood problems begin manager asks understand questions
main reasons poor listeners think faster speak emotions block messages planning reply listening human brain operates amazingly high speed average person brain process words minute talk rate words minute gap results listening problem brain finds easy listen think thoughts happens mind begins wander result listening consistent allow distracted kind listening covered pretending listen fact listener thinking thoughts emotions color understanding person involved situation likely listen bias signals serve warn emotions interfering listening signals resent opposition personality clashes speaker personality easy listen agrees difficult listen agree earl trouble listening agree works building supplies retail lumber fixture store unfortunately earl loses lot customers open resentment opposition ideas instance customer wanted brand light switch earl levington brand customer preferred buy brand earl upset
conduct studies informal communication suggest grapevine percent accurate means messages passed grapevine problem parts message parts wrong small change message alter meaning entire message human relations problems begin assume grapevine percent let case dean employee store afternoon break store manager secretary told dean store closed tomorrow order store annual inventory store closed half employees inventory goods past weeks store talking annual inventory dean looking forward count goods easily wait customers break dean told employees tomorrow ready inventory simply told store manager secretary morning dean employees arrived store ready inventory dressed casually purpose regular workdays wore dress shirts neckties surprise dean employees found store inventory evening dean employees home change clothes dean felt terrible course caused problems employees dean drive home change clothes took wasted energy dean felt trouble store manager
human relations refers relationships relationships formal informal close distant emotional unemotional business kinds relationships considered employee business relationships workers supervisor customers business human relationships business illustrated square figure notice points square human relationships groups groups human relationships study human relations begin study silly say relationship oneself answer course relationship means learn accept important develop relationships relate positively successfully feel don don obvious inconsistent conscious unpredictable difficulty knowing react words able relate relationship chapter help learn understand group spend deal employee fellow employees reasons important
directed person decides put forward acting personal beliefs personal beliefs logical unemotional directed individual asks questions comfortable successful person reveals logical combination actions directed based believe put false fronts manipulated don manipulate directed present set genuine experience lasting success personal business directed persons stacy directed person knows likes knows successful stacy consistently presents set supervisor workers parents friends stacy believes getting degree local community college important plans enroll college parents want college stacy friends relatives opinions subject stacy friends future going college supervisor store graduated college thinks degree won worth stacy grandparents don want attend local community college friends children private colleges finally stacy workers quit college think stacy won college
born confident born fear confident afraid characteristics learned list fears endless examples fear successful truth percent things fear worry happen person redirect energy wasted worrying ways taking advantage strong points successful dreams problem fears dismiss fears saying imagination fear fear real imagined powerful force destroys confidence makes mental cripples learning confident step recognize fear exists fear overcome fear fear grows grows taking action eliminate fear means simply hoping means actually grown experiencing fear occurs navy today navy ship crew abandon ship drill drill crew members put jacket close supervision person jumps ship water expert swimmers present boat close pick crew afraid jump persons politely encouraged participate drill pushed hit water fear vanishes
ways live called styles styles include beliefs eating habits housing education leisure activities manner dressing daily activities hundreds styles represented idea course respect choose live behave idea fun speech dress religion home eating habits ideas beliefs learn respect person respect quality noticed quickly help accepted organization remember accepting styles street willing accept tend accept technique learn help accepted organization closely related accepting styles involves art learning incorrect assumptions making incorrect assumption means making judgment facts assume person speak english person comes foreign country assume person poor manner dressing naturally offended incorrect assumptions makes poor human relations avoiding incorrect assumptions help find greater acceptance organization appearance affect chances acceptance business organization remember impression impression help accepted give thought clothes grooming start job
mark twain confessed live weeks compliment mark exceptionally vain admitting openly feel privately high principled persons object flattery insincere don think flattery american sincere insincere kind flattery moral objection kind flatterer engages pay bootlicking person sense sensibility help despise sort flattery extended profit donor pleasure recipient need sort lift need unexpected areas looking require complimented aware looks bored need likely compliment brains clothes family pay compliment generally pay person strongest obvious point greatest compliment directed person weakest point thinks weakest point twain elated told fine writer accepted fact radiant complimented invention helped develop einstein humble shrugged told genius revolutionized ideas universe word flattery violin playing mediocre bring sparkle eye
employee ways help employer business grow learn handle amount tell friends relatives employer business encourage patronize business try help think products services employer business offer think location additional business employer cesar insurance company sales representative specialized selling hospitalization insurance believed sell hospitalization insurance large groups able money company able grow cesar signed adult night class selling group coverage insurance local community college learned deal benefits group insurance plans learned group plans beneficial clients form expensive premiums company form increased profits cesar soon learned group plans begin selling cesar experienced success selling insurance plans groups teachers labor unions bankers city employees efforts resulted increasing income helping company grow pleased employer cesar efforts improved standing company employer return salary wages fringe benefits paid employees expects employees develop desirable traits help perform jobs traits include competence loyalty trustworthiness honesty responsibleness industriousness employer expects employees competent means employees expected supposed perform jobs
managers responded describing results communication able tell knew communication occurred defining describing part method consider parable blind elephant illustrated figure page parable demonstrates drawback giving incomplete partial definitions blind small part elephant blind describe part individual descriptions elephant surprisingly business managers improve define answer lot luck wise student human relations communications business wish depend plain luck communication sharing message idea results high amount understanding sender receiver message figure page illustrates definition arrows figure communication process note definition communication important words sharing understanding sharing means communication involves action person sends message reacts message act simply sending message considering reaction receiver message communication act involves person sender message believe communicating merely telling informing telling informing communicating process
listening habits improve human relations listening carefully silently tell care say tips help improve listening encourage talk encourage speak feel responsible listening learn talk nonverbal actions encourage person talking look person talking nod hear meaning say uh huh hmmm things tell person listening advantage fast working mind remember speak words minute mind process times period extra repeat rephrase person saying mind wanders admit ask speaker repeat don interrupt interrupting hard feelings remember quiz show need blurt answer speaker finished prevent emotional deafness sense getting angry speaker message positive action avoid negative action turning message emotions fine tuning listen assumptions logic listen feelings facts listening facts natural listening feelings facts message listening person feelings difficult listening feelings improve listening ways aware emotions aware emotions control
grapevine bad reputation spread rumors rumor widely spread story based incomplete information rumors true false rumors formula rumor interest clarity formula states rumor depends factors interest clarity factor amount interest person rumor rumor employee marrying boss daughter interest employees rumor employee getting fired lesser interest combination interest fuzzy details produce rumor factor formula clarity means confusing message likely rumor result story employee getting traffic ticket speeding easily rumor takes person tell story fuzzy details illustrated dialogue note lack clear information adds rumor rumors messages grapevine percent accurate message highly emotional accuracy goes rumor boss transferred slightly emotional rumor boss replacement big tough mean emotional scare stories boss spread quickly summary informal communication occurs everyday depend messages grapevine accurate ask supervisor accuracy informal message grapevine carries rumors
business firms job filing person known file clerk specially trained arrange store business information orderly file clerk locate information quickly easily needed file clerks special terms call letters bills invoices business papers documents file document say stored document files say retrieved file clerks store retrieve documents hand manually special equipment called automated data processing equipment illustration page shows operator facing special screen connected computer microfilm viewing console rows mechanized files pressing proper buttons control keys operator instantly locate select needed document hundreds thousands documents put microfilm operator look document paper copy document printed seconds job firm automated data processing equipment employee firm find occasions manually file locate document employer expect familiar basic filing rules procedures documents filed ways common systems filing record keeper occasion numeric filing chronological filing alphabetic filing numeric filing means filing documents number system
jobs learned method cashiers record money received learned cashiers money collected cash box shown page cashiers handle large amounts money cash register cash register helps reduce errors helps safeguard cash seen registers checkout counters service stores visit retail store buy watch cashier depresses keys figures printed tapes cashier give tape lists amount charged item shows final total addition recorded tape figures recorded device inside machine known register sale amount sale automatically recorded register added total sales register looks odometer car tells miles car traveled bought want miles traveled note odometer reading leave home compare odometer reading end reading beginning end traveled miles cashier notes register reading figures register beginning end register reading
jobs learned cashiers charge cash registers prove end learn cashier checkout counter service food market proves cash end learn prepare report sales report help manager record sales departments store shopping supermarket watch checker person register ring items purchased amount keys register depressed record selling price butter checker depress key reads dairy watch register note selling price butter appears word dairy keys selling price frankfurters depressed key reads meats depressed notice checker depress keys selling price item key department item found item rung total key depressed total amount entire sale keys shown illustration top page cash registers special keys department supermarkets interested cash registers special keys separate sales meats fish meat products dairy products butter cheese cream eggs milk produce fresh vegetables fruits groceries canned foods cereals bread items included departments rung miscellaneous items
businesses careful records money spend true payments check payments currency speak currency mean actual bills coins businesses prefer payments check easier pay currency imagine paying bus fare check course currency times currency bought stamps paid taxi fare employee delivered package currency payments small petty amounts called petty cash payments business keeps cash checking account currency need petty cash payments writing cashing check estimate money need period week month cash check place currency box called petty cash box petty cash fund started sure record payment petty cash fund person receives money sign printed receipt called petty cash voucher voucher shown page petty cash clerk approves voucher initialing working sandra ruiz lawyer april sandra starts petty cash fund putting petty cash box places charge fund steps follow petty cash clerk explained pages fill petty cash voucher payment petty cash fund
lucky allowance parents week buy lunches notebook paper things need careful plan spending money things need careful spend money early week things want money left buy things need later problem weekly allowance cover weekly expenses likewise families weekly income cover weekly expenses families careful spending families careful money planning advance money spent parents income week income cover family needs food clothing housing recreation school gifts taxes left savings plan advance spend money say living budget budget income records income expenses compare amounts spent amounts planned spend living budget estimates practical learn records records student planned budget allowance later learn records family ruth scott high school student allowance week cover expenses clothes
end week need income received need income spent job learned daily record receipts payments give information hard list payments find spent kind expense problem studied petty cash unit remember job easier opened separate columns petty cash book classify kind expense learn thing record receipts payments record receipts payments page column record special columns page form special columns showing information ruth scott set record receipts payments special columns shown page look form carefully record practice problems help remember amounts set budget ruth wrote estimated amounts receipts payments parentheses column headings heading total receipts means ruth hopes spend week receives week happy receives reduce spending live means heading total payments means ruth plans spend heading carfare means plans spend carfare
shop stores large selection merchandise merchandise called stock wondered business record merchandise hand merchandise sells fast reordered merchandise moves slowly reduced price quick sale job learn successful business find advantageous accurate records stock questions answered quickly accurately form called stock record card stock record card look shown page form printed card paper card lasts longer lot enable understand clearly information recorded study sample problems employed clerk cory bicycle company handle stock record cards cory bicycle company wholesale company means sells retail stores stockroom store merchandise receive handed stock record cards filled clerk cathy adams cards item bicycles horns seats locks tool kits item stockroom card look shown page steps cathy filling card cory bicycle company bought type bicycle cathy start card filling heading
unit learned important stock clerk compare balance stock record card minimum amount card learned purchase requisition notify purchasing agent merchandise needed job learn records help purchasing agent wise purchases parents acted purchasing agents times parents wanted buy tv set number stores compare prices merits brand tv set purchasing agent large business thing getting information prices sellers agent decides company buy choice purchasing agent clerk record important information item card page card called price quotation card clerk list prices charged sellers item card sellers item clerk list address price terms seller card buyer look card sells item charge word terms means credit terms terms column clerk show seller give company pay goods sellers give company days pay goods purchased additional information column clerk show information help buyer wise choice
soon job hunting change occupations times lifetimes ability find job opportunities valuable skill worth learning improving convince prospective employer qualifications position able recognize personal survey strengths weaknesses list strengths sell candidate job strengths mind job interviews help interviewer aware qualifications job identified weaknesses targeted future growth areas ask kind job want specific answer question want secretary kind company want employ fascinated advertising public relations want concentrate secretarial jobs field enjoy meeting want avoid job duties involve greeting public think carefully personal likes dislikes selecting job job likely ahead strictly speaking job satisfaction essential career advancement finally consider opportunities promotion types job openings select talk counselors teachers friends working field positions opportunities advancement career areas interest strengths weaknesses career areas interest opportunities advancement job ready match interests skills jobs
application letter personal data sheet opens door job interview personal data sheet called vita resume dossier prospective employer summary qualifications job specific format data sheet writing format content personal data sheet tailored emphasize qualifications job means apply job opening banking wish stress part education experience dealing banking numbers application job word processing department call emphasis data sheet personal data sheet application letter employer experience care data sheet attractive style format typing errors messy corrections present accurate positive picture qualifications decided cream colored beige grey paper letter application personal data sheet typed paper colored bond paper type help data sheet stand stack hundreds received personal data sheets typed organized parts data sheets begin title personal data sheet applicant address telephone number illustration trend include job objective part title separate category heading personal information
employer judge basic qualifications letter application personal data sheet completed application form interview occasion employer judge appearance personality attitudes ability communicate enthusiasm interview chance evaluate potential job learn company interviewing familiar goods services provided company community learn current salaries position companies employment benefits hospitalization insurance vacation sick leave decide personal qualities want emphasize interview relate job opening ask family friends questions expect interview practice answers write questions want ask company job responsibilities salary benefit information decide advance wear remember advice wear interview job dress position desire books providing research based advice dressing interview listed unit reference books manual plan ahead give plenty ready interview leaving home sure exactly interview location try relax normal nervous try call attention nervousness twisting hands interview approximately minutes let interviewer conduct interview listen carefully questions provide yes answers look interviewer eye answer questions honestly frankly
food need clothes wear goods home recreation usual answer store grocery store clothing store department store buyer goods kinds businesses sell goods thought goods sale operate businesses provide goods services consumers called retail stores process obtaining variety goods making easily sale customers called retailing persons manage assist management retail businesses called retailers objectives introductory chapter acquaint operating forms retailing takes importance retailing consumer oriented society retailing comes earliest concept trade trade meaning exchange goods oldest forms business activity trade means property exchange give want trader person makes living acquiring exchanging goods exchange type goods called bartering ages money method exchange goods bought sold development banks credit financial services modern business growth trader peddler shopkeeper storekeeper modern retailer part interesting history business purpose retailing provide steady flow desired goods services consumers
explained chapters takes producers middlemen including retailers bring consumer desired goods services society system practices regulations matters production distribution exchange consumption goods services practices regulations decisions goods services called economic system directed economy person group authority decides produce produced purpose free economy consumers goods services decision buy buy determine produced products nation develop form economy respond questions production distribution consumption free economy system limited laws regulations economic system united states consumers look buys open market producers middlemen try sell profitable prices free economy system makes successfully bringing goods services economic system america based private free enterprise system theory system businesses serve customers efficiently succeed inefficient fail private enterprise system based freedom persons engage business succeed fail depending ability customers freedom choose eat wear buy want
small scale retail stores specialize line merchandise group closely related items stores called single line stores began outgrowth customer demand goods normal stock general store women clothing hardware butcher shops early spin typical general store stores specializing wearing apparel accessories customers wish examine compare stores called specialty stores examples stores emphasize shopping goods include fine jewelry furniture quality housewares sporting goods stereo components shopping goods cost convenience goods shopping goods stores found shopping centers central business district shopping malls customers able visit stores course single shopping trip shopping goods stores introduce merchandise attempt offer complete assortment line goods handled competition similar stores keen merchants striving customers selecting goods appeal individual tastes service businesses classified retail firms small size modern standard living dry cleaners rug cleaners appliance repair businesses working home owners businesses pet boarding car rental travel services increasingly important discretionary income increases consumers tend spend services merchandise persons interested going business found service businesses potential established retail firms aware trend services introduced service selling departments insurance car rental lessons sports equipment
variety stores department stores grocery stores specialty stores feature units display specials advantages feature units call attention marked goods special items impulse nature miss goods carried regular department aisle table portable cart stacking deal merchandise favorable spot gain attention large number merchandise island similar aisle table open space middle salesperson stationed serve customers sides effective display protection goods rapid handling sales excellent sale items frequently seasonal nature sell rapidly salesperson busy supermarkets move location advertised items store means ends displays specials management features week ends end merchandise aisle regardless normal location store canned peas generally found canned vegetable section end peas scheduled additional display canned peas erected end merchandise aisle paper baking needs fruit juices end attracts customer attention place usual location increase service service stores layouts planned display stock accessible customer complete service install wrapping sales register stations locations control exits
important store policies involve merchandise merchandise offered store case service business power attract customers single feature store operation kinds merchandise quantities stock quality offer prices ask elements consider anticipated needs present potential customers retailer market basis merchandise policies key consideration types qualities merchandise likely desired customers want latest styles large assortments luxurious goods bargains nationally known brands shopping convenience customer services objectives business strengths competition characteristics community established beliefs management bearing merchandise policies store merchandise policies store depend primarily decision concerning merchandise mix merchandise mix defined variety merchandise lines carried breadth depth lines stocked merchandise mix vary considerably store store type mix depend store customers store financial resources location size owner ability experience store carry classes clothing dress sport carry selected lines sportswear retail firms department stores carry lines merchandise broad assortment goods line stores carry lines limited selection shoe store choose sell women shoes sell women children footwear addition handbags accessories
dramatic increase credit cards increase abuse credit counteract merchants regularly lists outstanding cards default reported stolen addition refusing honor cards merchant required phone central bureau clearance charges amount credit card holder responsible worth charges unauthorized user liability loss credit card reported immediately retailers bankers lenders decide give credit determine standards prospective credit customers meet basic factors consider granting credit applicant character capacity capital called credit character relates granting credit concerns customer honesty customer habits living reputation community judgment associates stability employment payment habits past information character obtained largely retail credit bureau merchants lenders subscribe credit bureau accumulates merchant complete information experience credit customer local credit bureaus generally members national association makes member merchant obtain information payment habits customer united states customers think unfairly denied credit legal examine files correct inaccuracies capacity factor granting credit means ability earn merchant decide applicant education skill intelligence applicant retain steady employment income warrant granting credit
retailers basic assortment planning techniques able correct decisions varieties amounts merchandise offer sale planning involves making decisions balanced stocks merchandise breadth depth similar assortment considerations price size color style decisions commonly based information customer needs wants availability products retailer achieve maintain adequate balanced stocks merchandise specific listings items stock retailer common types assortment lists merchant basic stock list model stock list list effective tool planning needed merchandise assortments lists merchandise assortment planning techniques reviewed chapter addition study classifications consumer goods hamiltons understanding potential customer wants needs required order plan proper merchandise assortments important kind study merchants developed methods finding customers need want want merchants invite typical customers sit store executive staff discuss buying advertising services groups called customer panels customers provide helpful opinions merchandise store procedures services stores groups selected high school college students called teen boards advise youth activities fashion trends merchants request opinions customers sending letters asking comments goods services offered store stores test check customer preference styles colors sizes price ranges
obtain cash discount seldom retailer pay soon goods shipped soon received common practice allow retailer ten days date invoice corresponds date goods shipped ten period generally ample goods arrive buyer inspect process invoice payment goods shipped july terms net invoice paid july earn discount percent full amount due august retailer advantage cash discounts discounts lower cost goods store paying discount period retailer builds credit rating market buyers plenty ready cash pay bill date set earning cash discount deduct interest rate percent number days prepayment amount deducted called anticipation discount suppose goods billed net date invoice march buyer decide pay bill march month discounted amount due figuring interest rate percent months rate month percent buyer entitled extra percent cents paying month ahead buyer pays deducting total percent practice regard anticipation discounts varies companies trades
persons needs things existence things welfare opposed wants products services fulfill function satisfying need person consciously aware need action satisfy need action satisfy need fulfill want called motivated behavior behavior motivated individual motives social motives individual motives originate individual hunger thirst comfort curiosity love social motives arisfrom individual perception social environment relationships persons groups person cold needs clothing warm need individual basic survival individual decides buy additional high fashion clothing impress friends motivation longer individual need response social motive constantly attempting satisfy needs wants retailers forget needs reached conscious level wants definite form job sales promotion assess types communication stimulate consumers buy goods services provided means developing consumers awareness needs wants appeal motivation experts sales promotion classify promotional appeals rational appeals emotional appeals rational appeals stress features product fair price quality dependability emotional appeals stress fear love beauty social acceptance power
working americans offices morning workplace office accomplish activities earn livelihoods business firm officers stockbrokers lawyers doctors advertising copywriters government officials engineers thousands types employees offices primary stations addition millions persons aid executives professional staff fulfilling goals organizations workers called support staff include secretaries accounting clerks types assistants attention textbook focused secretary key members support staff organization thinks office thinks place system order desks bookcases filing cabinets typewriters calculators telephones stationery supplies carefully designed office employees selected promise fulfill jobs accomplished organization employees expected efficiently effectively efficiently accomplish task minimum minimum material resources effectively accomplish task satisfactory manner ms keller secretary miss williams department manager called dictation memorandum needed immediately ms keller recorded message quickly noted instructions returned desk ten minutes completed memorandum miss williams desk ms keller proofread typed confident memorandum satisfactory miss williams called ms keller asked personally deliver memorandum executive vice president approximately fifteen minutes elapsed initial call dictation call deliver completed memorandum
secretaries handle proposals recommendations announcements information public knowledge executives appreciate secretaries absolutely silent happening secretaries asked questions pending decisions refrain hinting reveal discussion times seriously change position company relation public relation competitive firms business executives secretaries maintain office orderly fashion find chaos develops careless handling papers desk want desk organized need waste finding need neatness companion quality orderliness clean tidy desk appealing place piled high papers neat desk reflects ability handle responsibilities ease success young women entering business office find varying opinions considered appearance office today formal office decades ago earlier period general agreement clothing hairstyles office workers ideas proper appearance definite young office workers develop awareness places choose companies recommendations clothing hairstyles assumption workers judgments expected nature organization give guidance
remote control system executive equipment connected word processing center executive push button remote control unit begin dictation instances executive dials special number regular telephone connected machine ready recording variations networks connections locations executive branch office able call home office city dictate machine systems allow regular telephone call company dictating machines increasing amounts paperwork modern office economical methods sought transform spoken word written word promising innovation automated typing equipment found word processing centers correspondence specialists centers transcribe letters memorandums reports manuscripts tables machine dictation automated power typing equipment electronic typewriters known power typewriters speed produce error free copy power typewriters offices correspondence routine office typewriting basic types magnetic media machines paper tape media machines equipment consists standard keyboard attached magnetic tape magnetic card reading unit operator types recording unit records copy magnetic tape card errors easily corrected directly magnetic media typing completed corrections typist inserts letterhead sheet desired number carbons machine
gathering information need look look information rapidly correctly check reference books readers guide periodical literature york times index almanac company purchased reference books public libraries trade journals business local newspapers sources information appendix pages lists reference books help drafts written revised need find kinds information verify facts writer say think title book business organization management author tyler sure cases writer remember author spell remember article times week rest research responsibility sure writer quotations statistics dates correct checking original sources manuscript meaning affected change point writer objectives report determined information gathered writer organizes thoughts outline outline serves map actual report written outline extremely keeps writer straying subject helps writer sure important points topic covered helps provide headings subheadings report
table contents shown illustration page overview material covered report listing main topics chapter titles page numbers heading table contents centered inches top page typed entirely capital letters double spacing titles chapters main topics single spacing instances important words chapter main topic title capitalized chapter preceded number typed roman numerals period spaces roman numerals lined periods directly beneath leaders periods spaces alternated extend page title guide reader finding page number periods leaders vertical alignment easily typing periods numbers typewriter line scale final copy typed table contents checked text correctness titles accuracy page numbers tables illustrate information report listed separate sheet table contents heading list tables main headings centered inches top page typed entirely capital letters table number typed arabic numerals period blank spaces letter important word title table typed capital letter leaders extend title page number
legal documents typed secretary printed forms completed filling blanks called type complete legal document prepare carbon copies legal papers person interested paper copy including copy lawyer court record legal documents typed standard inch paper special legal size inch ruled unruled paper minimum margins inches top inch bottom allowed left margin rule double line margin single line typing material legal paper printed margin rules set margin stops typewriter margins typewritten material spaces printed margin lines illustration paper printed margin rules typing legal paper allow inch left margin inch margin leave blank lines title document line type typewritten legal documents double spaced find single spaced type legal paper purchased consecutive numbers printed page left printed left margin line number approximately inches top edge position typewritten title numbers positions typewritten lines material easy reference part legal paper contents discussed
goods shipped points plane bus truck railway combination services service advantages offer faster delivery offer higher degree safety expensive convenient shipper receiver shipper values services order select suitable shipping service united states postal service offers services shipping packages parcel post fourth class mail method transporting packages weighing pound priority mail service speed important delivery package special handling fee addition regular postage express mail designed meet demands business industry fast reliable delivery find air express swiftest method commercial transportation service includes shipping air parts united states foreign countries air express shipments receive special pickup delivery service types goods including machine parts perishable foods printed materials flowers moved air express small packages shipments regular passenger planes large bulky shipments special air freight cargo planes bus lines country offer package express service service destination points located airport speed delivery important points receive delivery hours faster air service frequent direct bus trips cities fact terminals located business districts account speed handling delivery
find procedures discussed part helpful showing receive callers efficiency pleasure executives differ ways want secretaries handle appointments need find employer preference offices executives organization appointment offices executives specific appointments convenient offices executives reserve part scheduled appointments part unscheduled appointments executives prefer approve appointment employer works check request executive confirm practical case appointments fully understand times generally executive discuss plans week early monday review briefly morning date information receive requests appointments ways callers request appointments person call telephone wanting appointments requesting appointments letters requests receive attention appointment requested person record details small card record information calendar caller record appointment appointment requested telephone sure details clearly appointment requested letter return letter complete concerning date appointment location office
offices custom arrangements meet special needs instance executive signal key internal buzzer seek assistance secretary secretary key talk executive speakerphone answer place call receiver call comes merely press button talk visitor office adjust volume loudspeaker suit desire voice picked microphone sensitive hear voice office voices office conference talk listen hands free taking notes looking records want private call pick receiver speakerphone regular telephone kinds automatic dialing telephones commonly business offices automatic dialing telephones save deal telephoning eliminate possibility dialing wrong number unit small plastic cards numbers expect call frequently cards coded storage area unit place call insert proper card dial slot lift receiver hear dial tone press start bar need dial number want unit touch tone automatic dialer combination key touch tone telephone automatic dialer storage telephone numbers bell system offers personal signaling service called bellboy
matter look explode mrs schultz gertrude home school mother tell bothering fair gertrude blurted letting tears holding things beginning bob kids broken gertrude explain today month term school bus routes changed longer able ride friends bob abe rushed house home school hall quickly missed surprise left speed bike racing handlebars abe testing handbrakes admiring bike mrs goldberg hall hoped abe mother father big job hoping thought bike wanted badly ramon surprised father car driveway returned home basketball practice father worked late shop thursdays rushed house concerned wrong soon saw parents seated kitchen table ramon knew trouble wrong ramon asked sanchez sat stunned couldn talk ramon mother answered question wrong re going house city needs land build airport ramon knew meant family talked airport project months
requirement dealing problem identify problem problem results change identify understand change caused problem clear identification problem harder think trying identify problem ask problem look problem making problem step follow included accompanying illustration diagram showing steps solving problem reaching decision ready think ways eliminate problem eliminate problem action change change eliminates problem solution bear mind problems individual problems exist person person problem differently situation considered problem person problem solutions problems individual solution problem ways dealing situation looking solutions problems think possibilities called alternative solutions alternatives finding alternative solutions important step process problem solving effect ask choices identify workable alternatives solutions found alternatives begun solve problem
gertrude told mother change bus routes mother asked calmly choices think things calmly decide gertrude stared mother gertrude sighed gertrude mother step think figure choices gertrude mother situation matter angry thing think stop consider gertrude figured series choices including follow instructions mean pickup point bus route morning choice means acceptance change gertrude thought alternative act happened simply pickup point bus route didn belong bus play dumb alternative mean opposition change gertrude talk number friends change find going bus route figure sit bus effort situation type reaction represent support change alternative occurred gertrude extreme didn spend considering action
problem solving process learned highly flexible type situation problem comes choice approach solving basic approaches entire process considering selecting alternatives help basic approach group discuss step problem solving process search alternatives select mix approaches consider alternatives review alternatives persons rely group decision alternative select group opinions advice choose alternative advantage working don compromise charge identify alternatives choice don advice help situations small group complete job identifying alternatives group find elements consider determining alternative choose choose combination approach able advantages methods control comes working advantages opinions identifying considering alternatives part approach solving problem depends situation problem live solution working
troubleshooting special kind problem solving troubleshooting methods goes wrong mechanical production equipment words troubleshooting involves things kind problem reviewed problems encountered related included individual group problems basic process approach locate eliminate mechanical types problems suppose car won start morning suppose find water leaking ceiling apartment house transistor radio stops working mechanical situations personal experience type problem encounter working suppose instance manufacturing plant sudden assembly line stops moving wrong suppose working airline engine big jet aircraft won start problems type business industry lead expense production line move company losing money manufacturing expenses continue company producing items sold big jet airplane sitting ground flying airline losing money losses thousands dollars hour machine product fail valuable understand troubleshooting process approach troubleshooting starts step problem
notice question asks find real problem identifying real problem difficult code conduct involved person beliefs stronger specific area conflict concerned arguments distorted involved conflict temptation simply blame party question asks root basic conflict differences parties conflict problemyou dealing differences opinion ideas attitudes groups conflict question helps shape actions asked live situation exists normal live types conflict live democracy sense conflict country countries political systems nations decided live differences conflicts live type peaceful conflict alternative shooting war neighbors block students classes don situations learned live answer question help analyze deal problem question related asks action decided live problem exists feel need action kind question help avoid making conflicts worse
collected alternatives considered consequences ready actually decision decision lies selecting alternative want change want words selected alternative decision final decision involve combining alternatives case decision develop plan action find job decide alternatives considered want set target list prospective employers phone appointments prepare resume involve combining alternatives series actions process making decision alternatives dropped decision maker learn ahead idea establish priorities money effort priority rating based urgency priority thing high priorities important low priorities thinking priorities helps decide change want worthwhile remember option alternatives develop high priorities signal alternative considered selected alternative ready plan action commitment commitment promise types commitments strong commitment means plan positively weak commitment means commitments
choice career biggest decision size commitment involved effect making investment implement career decision based decision direct school continuing education programs career goals buy special tools need car job move area follow career job spend waking hours sure paid large investment qualify worthwhile career making large investment expect return efforts return profit reward comes making investment future worker investment includes skills knowledge investments include expenses involved education preparations return measured ways measure course money paid income income thereturns investment career returns lie ability find kind return satisfaction job effect return investment abilities similar profit business business invests resources receive profits resources items making delivering products services
alternative discussed family gloria father move temporarily gloria mother stay summer move school gloria parents consider alternative emergency believe family stay parents feel difficult father settle job thing concerned gloria mother affect concentrate job difficulty expense father find place live summer rent father apartment cost running present house feel move family trip city live father accepts job gloria visited school attend months visited high school nice junior high students books covered topics hard gloria catch grades surprise alternative entered picture michele offer gloria stay michele house remainder term move join parents michele points beds room says parents happy company understand problem moved gloria parents prefer family willing try idea
businesses kinds receive telephone calls extent calls easier touch reached calls host reasons acquire data check invoice inquire change order response inquiry making calls lessen number letters need answered telephone makes easier conclude matters promptly save costly calls amount business friends company telephone habits receive call represent company person end line voice warm cheerful caller enjoy dealing firm voice picture telephone cheerful charming person calling smile judge firm present future success firm depend skill handling calls soon telephone rings start manner answering calls promptly ring nearby hesitate person called hang business place working office identify firm
agent salesman real estate firm opportunity help folk vital decision lives house buy job hard underrated choice quickly expert help zeal home buyer developed real estate agent problems thought home purchased desires funds cost location person finally decides buy house personal wants desires requirements house wishes include amount space number rooms general style home buyer wants main jobs real estate agent fit homes buyers tries show client bad points houses buyer selection choose person house real estate agent tries prove axiom personal wishes home buyer determined amount cash invest home afford house real estate find house price range fills wants vital part job explain home buyers finance home finally decide real estate agent tries match funds desires able contracts mortgages types financing
travel miles today dirty haze city hard find areas sky clean clear blue spreading films smog quickly moving country drives miles sparsely populated country western part nation impossible nature existed ago view land broken high poles power lines hills covered types trees brush cut set fire scraped road concrete strips breaking view gently rolling hills large signs features sign size shape modern higher color show brighter lights alter terrain windmill building changed summer sun hard rain strong winds weather give added character fine landmarks bright shiny change ruin color landmarks livestock seen distance road travel activity forced person find road lost land reverie soon broken sound planes moving speed fast sound
number reasons owner trademark register proper authorities registering trademark furnishes evidence ownership mark application filed trademark rightly belongs person adopt apply business benefit registering trademark lies fact registrant privilege excluding imported merchandise bears infringing marks courts set requirements mark comply allow monopolize trademark corporate symbol business recognized valuable assets firms consider trademarks assets combined vast amounts money spent maintaining trademarks possess values fabulous cases trademark symbol valuable patent patent earn large profits lasts expires patent holder competitors free sell competition trademark valuable symbol reputation goodwill business enjoys trademarks applied goods connection services trademark symbol created say purpose organization represents surprising airlines symbols form birds wings conveying impression flight greyhound known symbol bus company popular trademark blue bell circle symbol inventor telephone
moon astronauts left lot equipment return trip earth descent segment served launching pad longer needed abandoned astronauts cast gear worth million dollars consisting television cameras tools support systems items exposed lunar soil area carry fast millions split computations space navigation fly moon aid computerized guidance system computer brain vast system devised direct control journey moon scores computers located assorted key areas processed radioed data lunar vehicle headquarters controllers sat banks computer consoles reported progress trip astronauts orbit journey moon trio voyage outer space symbol curiosity explore unknown person claim credit success journey actually countless individuals industries share honor making journey glorious scientific maneuver worthy coordination organization industry government team mankind profiting science research learned moon voyage part history full impact venture assessed
light water vital reactant photosynthesis growing plant receive sun water process photosynthesis blamed excessive moisture due rain poor drainage problem moisture due lack rainfall improper irrigation plants growing yards reveal difference maturing difference due slope land amount shade similar variations addition variations created water sun differences plant growth caused soils plants mature soils short vital element potassium soils excess sulfur soils need treated fed type formula photosynthesis operate top performance large scale merchandising fertilizers shows growing importance realization plant feeding learned assist earth produce timely effective feeding balance nature easily upset amateur gardeners believe fertilizer quantity productive land needs attentive treatment nourishment produce plants food mankind food animals turn food derive usage magic miracle photosynthesis food consume soil population rapidly expanding need food grows efficient usage productive lands vital
matter direction takes future graphic arts play part part society consumer graphic arts products fig graphic arts consumer read newspaper magazine graphic arts consumer buy food wrapped printed containers graphic arts affect watch television elements tv shows results graphic arts activities include designs scenery titles screen items understanding graphic arts consumer able appreciate design quality newspapers magazines books fig understand techniques advertising marketing type understanding consumer matter career follow graphic arts serve graphic arts part knowledge graphic arts contribute success happiness graphic arts industry sixth largest country parts industry learn separate companies industry companies vary size small companies organizations employ persons medium sized companies employ persons companies employ persons considered large fig graphic arts companies provide jobs million half graphic arts products deliver information information includes ideas ideas paper ink printing equipment present ideas fig graphic arts techniques tools delivering information
definitions word printing think writing letter definition printing machines place words images paper surface difference methods key understanding graphic arts technology person prints message paper hand result single copy message fig communicate person individuals method write letter person method writer wishes message delivered large number definition printing involves making large numbers copies single message basis beginnings mass communications hundreds ago modern society developed printing technology printing newspapers magazines school books food packages shirts slogans special designs communicate ideas large numbers printing improves ability communicate information ideas chinese impression printing impressions printed duplicates single original device chinese printed books large carved wood blocks page printed book wood block method diamond sutra book printed wang chieh china page carved pictures reading matter actual printing entirely hand dampened sheets paper inked block paper rubbed image transferred
earliest printing presses relief image carrier relief means image area printing raised raised area relief flat surface carrier refers surface carries ink paper material involves ink transfer carrier paper pressure applied common examples relief printing rubber stamp typewriter letterpress printing directly metal wood types wood linoleum metal plates print illustrations wood linoleum plates prepared cutting design engraving tool sharp blade metal plates called photoengravings prepared combination photography chemistry plates reproduce pictures words letterpress printing image relief area inked paper material inked image slight pressure ink transferred raised surface paper form letterpress printing called flexography method flexible rubber plate image carrier rubber plate attached cylinder press products cellophane foil plastic bags printed flexography intaglio meaning cut engrave exact opposite letterpress referred gravure images etched metal plate etching chemical process chemicals applied remove dissolve metal areas etching chemicals applied carrier printing plate metal dissolved cavities formed surfaces plate gravure printing actual images printed etched surface plate gravure opposite relief printing
photo offset lithography widely form printing number reasons important reasons photographic process means materials printing prepared creating master art photographed contrast letterpress printing involves mechanical preparation printing materials photographic process advantages faster step step mechanical composition engraving precise image printed finally photographic process adaptable electronic computer technology fig types offset printing costs letterpress outlined earlier lithographic process developed gutenberg invented movable relief type lithography based principle grease oil water readily mix alois senefelder principle invented lithography grease pencil draw image reverse piece smooth limestone stone dampened water image inked sheet paper image area pressure applied transferred image paper senefelder method direct process printing modern photo offset lithography indirect printing method historically composition type slow process late nineteenth century movable type set hand character linotype invented linotype large machine sets full line type lines cast molten hot melted metal linotype revolutionized printing beginning century major advantages offset printing planographic nature planographic printing raised relief images
cold type composition produced photography called photocomposition letters imaged exposing photographic paper film images exposed film negative characters font photography positive picture black images white background normal printed image positive images reading meaning message reads left negative picture white clear images black background negatives reverse reading photographic paper film exposed chemically processed processing machine automatically develops fixes washes exposed material photographic paper dried positive image paste computerized systems exposed positives form complete pages ready platemaking styles sizes photocomposition machines basic types photocomposition machines photodisplay text machines photodisplay machines generally compose large display type text machines frequently set smaller body type hand operation character selection fitting required photodisplay machines finished type single line strips line composition fig principle operation machines basically type font carried film strip grid disc installed machine operator manually moves font character desired exposing position button pressed light beam exposes character photosensitive paper composition set paper developed fixed washed process machine separate processor photodisplay machines operated keyboard
phototypesetting completed film box exposed material removed photo unit exposed paper film passed processor processor automatically develops fixes photographic images delivering ready paste process fig advanced phototypesetting systems today called automatic illustrated documentation system aids manufactured information international incorporated equipment capable composing entire pages text line drawings halftones photos system developed publication printing sophisticated input system separate computer aids system eliminate need paste text line drawings halftones electronically complete pages completed pages produced photographic paper film produced film need process camera eliminated film stripping process bypassed reasons apparent section aids computers produce printing plates directly computer files systems eliminate film platemaking paste typesetting completed elements job combined paste process physically putting elements piece white illustration board fig completed board called mechanical display copy body copy processed reproduction paper hot wax applied paper layout artist apply type paste board pasting type artist positions artwork job photographs artist blocks spaces according layout paste ups prepared called line photography
ink fountain series thumbscrews keys screws push thin blade control ink transfer fountain roller press operator fills fountain ink running job press operation metal fountain roller revolves fountain picks small amount ink ductor roller picks small amount ink fountain roller ductor roller rocks touching fountain roller distributing roller distributing roller constant contact rollers receives ink ductor roller oscillating vibrator rollers move sideways rotate assist spreading ink evenly rollers form rollers receive evenly spread ink oscillating rollers ink image plate duplicators generally form rollers larger presses form rollers fig dampening unit similar inking unit ductor form rollers covered cloth material known molleton cloth molleton covers similar gloves fit tightly rollers fountain roller rotates container water mixed etch etch mild acid mixture called fountain solution etch mixed water keeps nonimage areas printing plate inking fountain roller transfers thin film fountain solution ductor roller ductor roller transfers solution distribution roller transfers form roller fountain solution prepared carefully proper balance ink paper loaded paper feeder paper table
printing process known letterpress involves transfer ink raised relief surface direct pressure basic concept gutenberg fifteenth century gutenberg borrowed technique winemakers presses squeeze juice grapes gutenberg substituted type ink paper grapes workers turn lever press apply pressure create printed impressions process greatly refined speeded past basic principle remains image printed raised surface image area inked piece paper inked image pressure applied ink transferred relief raised surface paper fig unit deals processes leading letterpress printing topics include hot metal composition engraving platemaking metal type letterpress printing oldest method type composition type metal alloy alloy metal formed combining basic metals type metal alloys formed lead antimony tin copper alloy results properties ideal typecasting type metal easy melt easy handle molten important typecasting automatic machines cast cooled type metal properties create clear sharp forms results readable attractive printed images typeface designed brass matrix created character matrix mold die separate matrix needed design size style typeface required
hot metal terminology course application modern phototypesetting colorful examples printer devil hell box printer devil traditional term print shop apprentice printer devil young person expected perform variety chores responsibilities included cleaning shop running errands hell box large box broken discarded type term fact contents box fiery furnace remelting terms tied printer devil took care hell box letterpress printing raised surfaces type illustrations height produce impression paper height bottom piece type type slug face inch standard letterpress type measurement known type high fig type illustrations included job ready assembled form letterpress printing form consists type illustration elements needed print job type form locked metal frame called chase chase holds type firmly place press type locked metal table called stone fig surface stone perfectly clean placing type form surface wiped clean cloth small piece dirt character line type raised type high level level character punch paper printed press
associate correspondence secretary word processing center palmetto insurance general knowledge basic word processing cycle important understand basic components relate process palmetto receive documents forms hard copy form handwritten typed copy typed script representing machine dictation possibly machine dictation cassette tape receive actual machine dictation supervisor special instructions complete assignments standard electric typewriter automatic typewriter instructions employee guide procedures manual types machines regardless machine important refer manual perform type job question procedures format terminology palmetto takes pride quality typed output produced word processing center process marked revised assume documents typed previously returned revision retype document making place finished documents basket administrative secretaries add enclosures copies handle final distribution documents word processing systems administrative secretaries responsibility filing hard copies documents assume maintain storage retrieval system supervisor requires system instructions turn page manual follow steps setting optional storage retrieval system
confidential documents part daily assignments utmost importance repeat information contained documents important confidential documents visible station read stored progress folder word processing centers completed document sealed envelope delivered immediately word originator palmetto complete confidential document slip staple clip confidential document slip document place basket illustrated confidential document basket palmetto offices kinds letters economical compose letters response similar requests similar situations composed letters form letters variables stored magnetic media machine internal memory played memory needed hard copies form letters type palmetto numbered filed folder labeled stored documents approximately percent documents produced palmetto repetitive form letters documents designed save word originator correspondence secretary valuable form letter variables shown letter stored document notice variables pieces information supplied word originator document processed word originator provide variables ways completing stored document request listing variables longhand verbally providing variables machine dictation
standard formatting documents practice widely today offices standardized formatting means secretary follows format type document palmetto insurance documents letters memorandums reports typed inch line block style means lines begin left margin secretary move document changing margins letters typed letterhead stationery block style open punctuation open punctuation means punctuation salutation complimentary close date typed lines top page inch line type original letter instructed letter illustration follows typed correct format moment read carefully re means regard reference palmetto large insurance companies re draw attention reader specific purpose letter re frequently variables included patient id identification number date service doctor variables items especially significant correspondent re typed capital letters flush left margin line letter address double space variable re type salutation subject line included letter typed double space salutation word subject typed capital letters flush left margin envelope prepared letter type mailed company
million persons united states hold jobs government lists job titles large scale requirement society places adults expected earn living necessity working obtain money money medium exchange buy things need live despite importance money today business early civilizations need money goods exchanged trading items equal method agreeing values goods called barter consider business middle ages europe cobbler shoemaker small village trade local farmer exchange food products cobbler shoes farmer money changed hands individuals bartered goods reached agreement relative worth products pair shoes worth month supply food cobbler family shoes farmer family food cobbler table barter system worked civilizations remained small simple structure working individual offered product service individuals turn paid products services populations grew civilization complex barter system replaced began working employers needed pay workers goods barter needed medium exchange
larry mind graduated going printer ask counselor prepare occupation senior larry counselor smiled larry informed decision worthwhile goal ms carter printing field involving large number jobs specific occupation mind asked gosh thought start working small printing shop larry printing find works ms carter advised function small printing firm master skills larger company able learn skill jobs larry asked let look dictionary occupational titles counselor replied took thick book bookcase looked telephone book large city book lists job titles ms carter federal government classifies jobs primary categories find printing occupations sixth category machine trades occupations thumbed book minute announced located printing occupations division book divides primary categories divisions divisions occupational groups explained printing occupations groups group worker function ratings afraid closer look printing industry larry try decide interested typesetter composer possibly printing press operator kinds jobs
decisions based solely personal likes dislikes lead disappointment knowledge important making career decisions especially valuable understanding labor market directions heading kind information found occupational outlook handbook occupational outlook quarterly traditional differences types employment white collar blue collar differences blurred individual fit categories lines general white collar refers salaried employees jobs require dressed groomed appearance salary payment fixed amount worker regular weekly monthly basis blue collar workers generally wage earners paid wages salaries wage earners paid basis hourly rate earnings figured multiplying rate number hours worked industries employ blue collar workers construction industries finance insurance real estate employ white collar workers accompanying illustration figure pie charts showing employment divided collar blue collar workers industries pie chart circle divided wedges pieces pie illustrate portions making career decisions consider future trends industries occupations bureau labor statistics predicts wide variations areas instance services industries expected million workers services industries workers perform services health educational fields
filling job application critical steps applying employment course job interview job application form list information figure job interview face face meeting job applicant potential employer company official interview applicant employer chance meet preparation similar stressed chapter effort ready tackle job application form job application forms ask kinds information resume part form requests personal profile data begin fill form glad brought information forms vary amount detail request application challenge memory cope especially true comes listing references read wording application carefully don hurry completed persons read later hurry rapidly filled application judge content neatness accuracy clearness looking clues personality attitude preparations completing job application applied employment interviews personnel officer employment interviewer asking questions difference interview giving answers orally
interviewers talking judge reactions want sell quiet interviewer difficult deal don fall trap talking answer open ended questions adequately stop talking sure points factual boastful interviewer touched area wish cover approach question wait opening ask interested service club activities asked want job try reasons mind prepared answer personal questions involve relationships family school informative don give unnecessarily lengthy replies interviewer ask questions don ask length coffee breaks number paid holidays offered company coffee breaks pauses schedule morning afternoon questions afraid inquire fringe benefits benefits include health insurance vacation sick leave retirement plans education benefits fringe benefits services funds provided employer addition worker normal salary wages asking added information company functions interest cool feel interview going appearance confidence hurt contrary benefit greatly especially true interviewer trying discourage test poise offered job spot
resigning quitting job careful consideration option situation difficult advantages living free society workers united states forced stay jobs political policy political policy means rules established government free talent skill knowledge ability wish free wish accept offers circumstances limit job career choices live geographical area single industry accounts jobs live eastern oregon lumber industry account jobs community demand wood products falls lumber industry suffers find periods decision stay remain unemployed move seek decision economic personal considerations political free choose abilities level wealth permit connie determined case wise quit job anger frustration decisions stress turn badly stress pressure calm honest look situation act according facts acting interests quitting unwise opportunities connie job prospects quitting hurt financially bills pay plan look job situation acting resolve existing problem
lori heard father putting car garage minute later door hello called hi dad home lori mom called going shopping home minute fine today lori raise father asked yes hoped lori happy don money laughed pleased honey lori father hugged sure re worth cent pay talk money mentioned things money don need normal expenses chat dinner let dad meaning ask investments lori dinner lori parents family room lori started discussion asking parents offer suggestions salary month left normal expenses bills fortune sure earning interest open savings account bank idea mother investments pay higher interest rates problems consider need fairly large sum money open accounts high interest accounts require leave money invested considerable periods
don think food limited resource united states grocery shelves packed food descriptions restaurants types cities population starving fighting obtain food survival agriculture industry united states produces food country needs american farmers feed entire technology developed countries meet growing food needs expanding populations chapter noted agriculture industry employment expected decrease coming technological side farming greatly expanded prevent worldwide hunger united states fuel current resource problem nation technologists seeking solutions fuel heat homes businesses schools public buildings fuel needed light power run industrial business machines home appliances transportation goods consumes fuel nation power comes fuels dwindling natural resources experts say vast quantities petroleum natural gas beneath earth locate huge deposits say problems point view matter fuels remains supply eventually run process accelerated nations industrialized increase fuel petroleum based fuels pollute atmosphere word smog exist war ii today later smog affects large city industrial nations
preparation course key interviewer prepared puts step ahead prepared helps build confidence think terms entering classroom final exam prepared relaxed able answer questions matter prepare anticipate personality interviewer find interviewer pleasant easy speak hand find interviewer unpleasant problem discussed chapter classroom exercise give chance test ideal interview conditions important part won ahead teacher student chosen interviewer type person face benefits approach obvious simulating initial meeting person closest real test skills addition teacher students hand evaluate performance important remember advice offered beginning telephone contact section absolute wrong responses exercises goal job goal test analyze ability cope developing situation important learn skills learn wrong discover important learn experience grow opportunity learn need improve accomplish goal
efforts understand power start definition famous german sociologist max weber institution society legitimate monopoly force legitimate mean accept exercise force proper parent spanking child exercising legitimate force strange attempts punish child behavior acting legitimately speak legitimate powers include hire arm police build fill prisons punish wrongdoers taking property rights idea force coercion joined idea appropriateness legitimacy modern understanding constitutes institution comes closest respect private institutions society family parent punish misbehaving child taking things valued child watch tv tonight imprisonment room stay learn behave fashioned physical means give hairbrush bend nongovernmental institution physical power systematic manner organized crime respects private organized crime regularly punishes members misbehave imposing death penalty times americans liked governed america country act political rebellion war independence started early americans ruled british empire resistance government part american political culture
plato source philosophical conceptions ancient greece rich fascinating study member plato academy tutor alexander later founded school lyceum lectured organized research projects collected kinds materials study exhibition lost lectures form notes students logic physics ethics rhetoric poetics politics survive aristotle contrasts sharply mentor plato plato held pure ideas abstract existence ideas observations imperfect reflections aristotle built theories observables empirical method conception political analysis developed basis evidence gathered extensive collection hundred constitutions greek city states plato republic effort construct ideal political community aristotle politics primarily treatise political institutions behavior real situations aristotle central ideas truly meaningful existence political community city small intimate community depended substantially slave labor order allow citizens male devote public affairs aristotle insisted citizens participate actively order fully human interested individualism sustain community fulfill individual potential aristotle convinced study greek political experience mixed constitution representing social classes giving special weight middle class likely lasting
recent supreme court played minor role determining powers government divided states national government functional areas governmental activity levels active extent degree dominant shifting balance political forces states constitutionally act burden unduly flow economic activity states congress require states recognize public employee unions states exclusive jurisdiction marriage divorce national government controls foreign policy national government important effects states numerous federal statutory regulations govern actions table significant impact constitutional doctrines contemporary federal balance result court decisions impose requirements local governments terms constitution decisions holding prisons mental hospitals brought humane standard shut entirely violating equal protection clause fourteenth amendment decisions forced reorganization local school systems overcome racial discrimination local governments held supreme court subject suit damages civil rights antitrust violations occur ways federal system continues shaped constitutional interpretation largest factor affecting federal balance flow grants taxes grants expenditure patterns central focus american federalism today idea national government providing grants funds states
idea social rights outgrowth deal president roosevelt promised america mid roosevelt term president government actively involved establishing social welfare general term describes large number government programs laws provide kind social rights listed president roosevelt job decent housing adequate diet education economic security threats sickness unemployment age government programs central social citizenship include social security unemployment insurance social security taxes workers generation pay retirement older generation workers unemployment insurance government payments persons thrown fault factory closes buying cars manufacturing basic programs protect citizens economic insecurity established large number programs added include food stamps poor special job training find aid mothers dependent children means supporting medicare medicaid provide health care elderly poor programs rise public controversey general republican party favorable democratic party key congressional vote establishing social security received support percent democratic members percent republican members thirty later key vote medicare congress medicare received support percent democrats percent republicans
proposed constitutional amendment introduced congress stating equality rights law denied abridged united states account sex amendment failed pass introduced congress finally approved general amendment opposed political conservatives feared political disruption traditional family social relationships organized labor liberal groups resisted era jeopardize hard won legislation gave women special protection workplace gradually legislative protection workers broadened title vii civil rights act prohibited sex discrimination employment women groups league women voters american association univerisity women felt era advance legal status needs women eventually relaxed opposition labor unions finally organized opposition left era sailed congress house senate hours hawaii legislature approved amendment unanimous vote house delaware nebraska dissenting vote june states ratified era overwhelming margins added anniversary congressional action states needed approve amendment part constitution originally complete ratification process equal rights amendment failed adopted states approved legislatures voted rescind earlier approval action uncertain legality
rights discussed earlier rights persons accused crime rooted constitutional system common law assumes person innocent proved guilty accused rights citizens similarly protected violation rights due process clause amendment basic affirms government subject law citizens denied legal recourse basic rights violated rights issue distinguish substantive procedural aspects criminal rights substantive rights mean essence protected privacy dignity freedom person property protection cruel unusual punishment procedural rights involve steps standards government follow imposing punishment procedural rights originally applicable federal government guaranteed bill rights elaborated supreme court rulings extended states noted constitutional protections accused crime rights accused crime matters judicial review convicted person acquitted appeal place person jeopardy offense double jeopardy violates constitutional guarantees conviction criminal charges involve areas rights violation defendant fair hearing stage adjudication process convicted punishment cruel unusual reasonable opportunity appeal
public opinion poll originated thought thing democracy officials washington accurate idea feelings american important issues policy follow views citizens accurate poll tell american thought unemployment insurance defense spending farm supports observers expressed concern polls trouble public ill informed fickle irrational guide public policy policy requires careful study thought officials protected opinions majority actually public opinion poll set government policy optimists hoped pessimists feared polling pollsters important features political system public opinion effects largely reports polls provide contradictory points impact public opinion govermnent leaders officials especially elected pay attention public opinion polls mail sorts indicators public opinion politicians follow gallup harris national polls special polls find public opinion issue political leaders believe public opinion important point hand policy rarely directly basis polls say case imagine polls showed majority favored position position sooner later law
tocqueville visited united states months ostensibly study american prison system regarded model enlightened incarceration tocqueville aristocrat partly avoid trouble france regime led louis phillipe mainly observe american order understand thought likely dominant foce europe egalitarian democracy volumes democracy america published volume concentrates description american government society function reflective analytic focusing impact individualism liberty equality literature family politics aspects tocqueville extraordinarily acute observer friend beaumont traveled country mississippi river critique slavery forecast probable disaster resulting race problem astonishingly accurate grasped essentials capitalism alienating effects factory specialization workers marx written constructed amazingly balanced complex portrait america warts continues merit close reading tocqueville essential features american society equality economic status getting rich rich going broke fortunes accumulating build lasting fierce individualism rightly understood americans defended act pleased actual practice cooperated extensively accomplish common purposes tocqueville returned france played significant role public writing important book french political experience grasp distinctive united states promise problems democratic societies rarely matched
fourth party system major strength democratic party south west democrats support northern ethnic workers mobilized big city machines support gradually increased size strength wings democratic party engaged furious battles decades twentieth century fought presidential nomination democratic convention record ballot stalemate senator william mcadoo california representative fundamentalist agrarian wing party al smith governor york stood catholic urban wing party party decide finally nominated compromise candidate al smith won nomination ran catholic candidate president drew urban ethnic workers northern cities democratic party depression began provided major shock completed transformation fourth party system party system deal system response depression franklin delano roosevelt elected president led democratic party direction massive economic reform labeled deal reforms put democratic party side working class democrats stood greater government intervention economy commitment government welfare programs social security unemployement insurance support labor unions struggle organize republican party hand maintained commitment business community active government
democratic party approached election campaign sizable handicap sure polls showed americans likely think democrats republicans democrats continued success electing members congress local office country clear president ronald reagan popular electorate substantial turnaround occurred reagan margin carter percent rest john anderson minor candidates likely increase despite pessimistic prospects democrats hoped win party nomination known walter mondale elected vice president jimmy carter veteran senator minnesota mondale actively seeking support nomination senator edward kennedy massachusetts took race late mondale clear front runner front runners fared recent democratic contests senator edward muskie maine early leader faded quickly ted kennedy withdrawn clear betting favorite primaries jimmy carter built lead case front runners targets opponents support slip months primary campaigning mondale ranged democrats members senate ernest hollings south carolina alan cranston california john glenn ohio gary hart colorado george mcgovern democratic nominee senator south dakota governor rubin askew florida put hats ring belatedly reverend jesse jackson
congress exceedingly open institution accessible enterprising reporter executive branch administration officials regularly try prevent leaks information regarding policy deliberations plans succeed press relations typically formal structured established channels presidential press conference congress leaks constant secrets rarely stories white house congressional sources include thousand staff aides members stephen hess says washington news funneled capital hill difficult area media government relations involves handling crises flood earthquake strikes mass media indispensable means informing public happening deal situation international political crisis presents problem shiite moslem extremists hijacked american plane took beirut media provided virtual blanket coverage crisis main television networks ran nearly special reports assigned reporters staff story government officials complained terrorists media gain sympathy charge staking american military installations watch developments reporters find report military undertaking effect media officials denied breach military security undue publicity shiite critics felt arrogance part press dilemma emerged longer crisis period vietnam war
legislation sprang related sources specific resentment felt members congress president nixon course watergate scandal forced nixon resignation addition hostilities building refusal spend moneys appropriated congress efforts impound funds ruled illegal courts discretion president area remained unclear generally congress concerned institution national legislature incapable dealing coherently comprehensively vital matters taxing spending priorities established fragmented process president put complete spending budget proposal authority congress president coherence american public policy grave danger legislation passed dealt impoundment president wishes defer expenditure congress appropriated notify congress intention stand house overrules action president wishes rescind expenditure congress explicitly cancel original decision recissions rarely approved testing aspect executive legislative relations settled realm routine impoundment longer issue budget legislation congress receives president budget january referred budget committee created house charge process review proposed spending levels agency agency appropriations committees terms broad functional categories defense education welfare
united states spending billion control pollution governments levels contribute total primarily construct local treatment plants clean water pollution nearly billion spent clean improve sewage waste treatment facilities remaining expenditure averaging billion private economy mainly business cost compliance air water toxic waste standards standards established congress specific detail formulated environmental protection agency epa standards agency decides set vigor enforces standards major impact effectiveness pollution control efforts epa created part strong popular enthusiasm taking steps gain control growing problem pollution smog getting worse shocking events death lake erie body water capable sustaining fish catching fire cuyahoga river cleveland combined research findings matters effects mercury lead accumulations body permanent harm pesticides ddt scared americans supporting costly programs short space major pieces environmental legislation enacted greatly expanded era underway epa instructed clean air act set standards air quality pollutants impair health unfortunately level reached taking trucks buses automobiles streets
minute haste pack judiciary federalists adams administration able deliver william marbury commission justice peace district columbia president jefferson secretary james madison refused deliver commission marbury turned supreme court writ mandamus compelling madison writ mandamus order official carry duty law marbury based claim writ congressional law judiciary act authorized supreme court issue writs marbury suit marshall court awkward position face alternatives order madison deliver commission jefferson madison refused comply order court suspected advertise powerlessness refuse issue writ concede madison withhold commission show powerlessness court madison avoided apparent dead end creating alternative alternative fact gave court greater power marbuy asked exercise power judicial review marshal declare unconstitutional law marbury suit based cranch section judiciary act supreme court power issue writs mandamus original jurisdiction original jurisdiction means power decide case instance court decided case
ironically period seen court generally supported values private business government regulation restraint posture advocated court critics political liberals denounced judicial activism undemocratic democracy judges elected office substitute policy views popular president congress later warren court activism behalf racial minorities elected officials failed treat justice equality hailed political liberals conservatives tried insist judicial restraint judicial activism meaning recent federal judges parts country intervened remedy inhumane prison conditions improve hospitals bring sweeping reorganization local schools cases local leaders protested judicial action reagan attorney general william french smith denounced unelected judges substituting policy preferences determinations public elected representatives courts engaged constitutionally dubious unwise intrusions legislative domain humorist finley peter dunne dooley wrote irish brogue supreme court follows th illiction returns political scientists concluded court seldom tried block popular majority wishes protect unpopular minorities certainly groups interests neglected majoritarian institutions turned courts relief successful frank johnson federal district judge alabama decisions effectively overturned traditional patterns administration ideal society humane decisions entrusted responsibilities
classic times aristotle significant comparative techniques examine forms methods government detailed studies treat governments athens sparta carthage crete records constitutions amazing accomplishment aristotle provided basic classification government forms monarchy aristocracy democracy later polybius cicero transmitted greek ideas roman thought contributing studies part comparative polybius emphasized mixed form government combining monarchical aristocratic democratic elements checks balances formed combination cicero largely derivative incorporated concepts natural law justice widely influential roman legal thought renaissance machiavelli returned methods aristotle realistic writings form basis modern political science comparative political analysis observing politics italian states parts europe engaged practical questions makes ruler successful secure powerful sixteenth century frenchman jean bodin drew aristotle extended machiavelli studied governments european states making shrewd comparisons features strength widely influential contemporaries central concept theory doctrine sovereignty relevant discussion subject today eighteenth century montesquieu employed method definitely comparative establishing theory law politics modern writer politics showed sophistication choice subject examined central political concern gave chief attention nature liberty safeguard separation powers
presence religion society quality number political consequences religion commonly consists system beliefs practices ethical values achieve god elevate human behavior completely predispose provided earliest bases social cohesion exerting inflence independent statehood nationalism powerful force end surprisingly states today common religion church serve additional influence national homogeneity sweden spain greece conversely presence religions source conflict produce militant adherents controversies hindu moslem india catholic protestant ireland netherlands moslem secularist iran christian moslem lebanon religious groups found national society provide basis interest group political party organization devoted aims values groups contribute reconciliation differences cases intensify influence religion government politics easy assess james bryce observed religion conscience constantly active force american commonwealth united states maintained constitutionally ordained separation church contributions protestant ethic nonconformist conscience puritanism politics english speaking countries remarked contrasted influences exerted latin catholic countries europe effect matters frequently clear underdeveloped states politics bound dominated basic forces divisions society religion unquestionably plays vital role
capitalist economy today course conducted according eighteenth century rules laissez faire production goods services achieved diversity organizational forms corporate individual modern industrial financial corporations operating internationally nationally command resources individually dwarf entire small states business industrial agricultural trade associations cartels producers cooperatives important factors markets contemporary labor enjoys benefits social welfare programs wages hours working condition regulations rights collective bargaining industry wide strikes prices wages determined factors competitive supply demand government employees comprise large proportion labor force enjoy political prerogatives substantial portion labor force composed scientists engineers technicians professional highly skilled workers treated employers unskilled manual labor past wealth modern capitalism comes labor exploitation developing technologies superior worker productivity greatest change present capitalist economies wrought enlarged role modern government governments commonly control agricultural production prices marketing banking system supply money credit regulate levels wages interest prices generally markets exchanges apply tariffs trade restrictions currency controls progressive income taxes innumerable kinds revenue measures governments commonly operate regulate promote subsidize realms economic enterprise governments nation biggest employer landowner banker insurance company landlord publisher consumer user energy result avowedly capitalist economies steady expansion public sector constriction private sector point authorities absorb half national income
tutelary democracies executive commonly identifies closely dominant party authority substantial parliamentary body developing institutional roots win limited influence government arbitrary dominates organs communication opinion rule law essentially prevails operates prevent authoritarianism strong leadership executive initiative predominant forces society exerting pressure modernizing democratizing important condition essential tutelary democracy leadership committed idea democracy works steadily widen condition requires competent stable honest political elite formal informal opposition allowed accepted legitimate coerced treated enemy independent judiciary bureaucracy committed rule law essential military services accepting supremacy civilian authority media communication opinion expected perform effective role carry substantial burdens political democracy continually strengthened devoted developing improved education informed public opinion mass sketching features tutelary democracies nearly creating ideal model describing political systems criteria states percent population appropriately classed thereunder including bahamas barbados botswana colombia fiji gambia greece jamaica malaysia malta mauritius mexico papua guinea portugal spain sri lanka trinidad tobago turkey venezuela designation tutelary democracy describe states apparently proceeding direction political democracy eventual arrival certainty
constitutional regime federal republic germany established wartime defeat hitler reich allied military occupation gradual reestablishment german local governments west germans hoped avoid permanent separation east germans communist control insisted instrument called grundgesetz basic law constitution adopted united germany document prepared german parliamentary council began complete constitution drawn care avoid weaknesses earlier weimar republic prevent resurgence neo nazi influence result constitution struck balance german institutional traditions emphasizing strong authority hand principles liberal democracy including effective protection political rights personal security basic law designed establish dominant executive control legislature lack basic flaw weimar republic office chancellor strengthened considerably powers upper house bundesrat powers lower house bundestag president reduced checks balances added parliamentary structure including establishment court empowered decide constitutionality legislative administrative acts basic questions constitutional interpretation civil liberties prominent place basic law including citizen case directly constitutional court powers land governments strengthened cases subordinate federal government
critics termed leap backward china adopted constitution reinstating goals document repeating language outlined quest rapid economic growth improved education science technology goal making china powerful modern socialist country end century restored number individual rights missing version secret ballot defense trial freedom engage scientific research literary artistic creation cultural activities restored rights ethnic minorities preserve reform customs ways communist countries constitutions course laos kampuchea states recently brought communist control virtually adopted current constitutions past decade represent present rulers east european states shown proclivity constitution writing similar latin america yugoslavia constitutions countries early constitutions poland czechoslovakia east germany reflected transitional multiparty nonsocialist character early constitutions albania bulgaria yugoslavia closer soviet model communist power consolidated constitutions adopted regimes advanced ideologically ruling position communist party expressed openly czechoslovak constitution current polish constitution amended considerable debate single communist party nation guiding political force construction socialism
efficiency ingenuity skill persistence leadership affect group success group objectives influence effectiveness generally easier promote public promote limited private interests easier groups operate defensively prevent government action achieve political structure location real centers power determine effectiveness group action renters property taxpayers groups play part american national politics matters controlled local governments countries groups nationally organized large influential finally tactics techniques ends sought help determine success group excessive pressure threats counterproductive societies violence common effective tactic general effectiveness interest group depends characteristics group politics tactics decision making structure government democracies groups criticized feared feel groups distort democratic process allowing part prevail methods groups sinister organization undemocratic unlike political parties interest groups generally held accountable policies unscrupulous leaders turned office appears groups interested aims power groups general socially goals foe producers organized influential consumers interest groups subject kinds control limit operations groups command entire loyalty individuals larger group likely members divide lines
government organized large local centers substantial authority swiss cantons canadian provinces austrian west german american states parties sustain local power federal systems biparty systems leadership difference strong leader unite small parties broadly based group frequenly claimed finally electoral system determines party system proportional representation fractions vote encourages proliferation parties conclusion degree validity doubt sustained case proven generally party system basic expression popular political feelings demands precedes scheme elections electoral systems provided law reflecting party system changed easily party system factors help explain presence multiparty system differ national situation considerable variation nature multiparty systems party strength fairly evenly unevenly distributed coalition governments formed easily difficulty broad consensus exist accepting political regime general goals parties separated dogmatic ideological differences system badly divided reject existing regime convenient think general types multiparty systems operative single dominant fragmented group countries classified operative multiparty systems reasons operative systems generally avoid polarization emphasize importance holding middle ground
distinction seen party instance active member indian congress party wear homespun cloth khaddar teetotaller oppose untouchability communalism support equal opportunity activism pay dues active members small minority congress supporters vast majority primary members subject obligations responsibilities accept basic objectives party difference shown country germany christian democratic union cdu known voters party social democratic party spd membership party history doctrinal socialist organization spd concentrates maintaining centralized disciplined party active full officials spd emphasis internal party democracy principle substance limited freedom bargain interest groups encouraged internal ideological disputes cdu hand active disciplined membership unable rely membership financial support originally cdu received subsidies business interests sufficient support tended diminish withdrawn interests displeased party actions small federal subsidy began shared parties considerably increased spd raises financial support dues labor union membership christian democrats private donors differences members political parties regard affiliation party membership important election affect aspects individual belgium italy scandinavian countries japan israel parties variously run activities adult education schools clubs summer camps mutual aid societies newspapers insurance programs sport social activities
american presidency model offices compared president indirectly chosen electoral vote states term office fixed according twenty amendment adopted person elected office president president removed office impeachment crimes occurred orderly transition power richard nixon resignation avoid impeachment proceedings reaffirmed stability presidency formal qualifications holding office constitution stipulates president natural born citizen resident united states practice political climate created varying prerequisites nomination president removed office resigns dies unable perform duties succeeded vice president speaker house representatives president pro tem senate cabinet officials constitution enumerates president executive authority general terms article ii states executive power vested president care laws faithfully executed oath preserve protect defend constitution commander chief armed forces authorized treaties concurrence thirds senate appoint diplomatic consular officers justices supreme court officers appointments provided grant pardons offenses united states require opinion pertinent subjects principal officer executive departments
according simplified version governmental process legislatures laws executives merely carry today view realistic executives adequately discharge responsibilities formulate initiate policies sure subsequently presented legislature criticism modification acceptance rejection executive adequate sources information permit effective policy proposals rapid produced economic fluctuations international crises war require action modern legislatures obliged increasingly enact legislation general terms leaving application principles executive important government functions related foreign military affairs especially require administrative discretion executive equipped provide supervision administration executive releases initial energy conveyed machinery government makes wheels turn large demands energy executives devote attention problems administrative management leave subordinates important initial decisions decide laws policies applied enforced vigorously set tone direction government action coordinate multitude programs finally judge results matter brilliantly chief executives conceive political policies fail translated action diplomatic military functions vitally related security require decisiveness dispatch consistency measure secrecy principal diplomatic powers sending receiving diplomatic representatives including power recognize governments determine foreign policy negotiate ratify treaties agreements
justification bicameralism avoids concentration legislative power possibility abuse chamber possess powers equal lower house act balance addition chamber provide forum fuller deliberation based special knowledge experience preventing hasty impulsive action lower house members chambers suited advisory function west german bundesrat members government officials british house lords peers public service chamber act restraining influence popular directly elected body forcing reexamine actions give public opinion form assert final action bodies intended perform conservative function british house lords canadian senate mere presence chamber assure act produce beneficial results chambers act irresponsibly composition chamber fail pace changing times political opinions significant bases nation base representation house tends redundant secondary chambers vestigial remainders earlier political elements retain negligible powers allow de facto unicameralism partly bicameralism failed produce claimed advantages longer universal house assemblies found diverse sorts countries
variety systems local government fit classification differ according philosophy government needs experiences style administration higher levels exert considerable influence higher level ranged supervision local government left largely legislature courts central government employ close administrative scrutiny structure local governing bodies similar localities country differ organization rests number provinces states federal system responsibility concentrated council committee counterparts executive legislative judicial branches central government governing authority primarily executive american federal system local government controlled states according strong tradition government home rule units structures functions uniform basic tiers states divided counties counties subdivided cities towns villages canadian federal system local government control provinces generally tiered rural urban municipalities established according population exceptions ontario quebec county municipalities superior local municipalities sweden tradition local government complex arrangement interlocking systems national regional local levels basic unit commune britain tradition local government increasingly local authorities supervised central government departments ministry health
important basic democratic rights private property basis capitalist economic systems historically accompanying democratic governments underlying affluent economic status actually democracies today systems mixed democratic capitalism substantial public sectors alongside private sectors economy principal national variations run mainly differing degrees elaborating social welfare programs proportionate stress private cooperative public economic sectors historically democracy capitalism emerged eighteenth century set revolutionary circumstances middle class leadership valuing liberalism individualism promote widespread industrial advances sure countries united states political democracy encouraged economic development united kingdom contrast economic development promoted democracy democracy simply attribute wealth denmark netherlands switzerland zealand endowed natural resources basic capitalist system market economy foundation democracy respect strong institutions private sector possess defense growth exercise unlimited power combine control economy destroys significant balance society advocates democracy developed case asserting merits advantages defending preference universal efforts term hitler real democracy soviet democracy democracy democratic dictatorship testimony powerful appeal conceded actually disdain western term possesses distinctive political meaning democracy government controlled citizens resting consent minimizing coercion
promising outlook upper echelons states observed developed inchoate functioning democratic governments literacy education capital accumulations technological infrastructures working support expanded modernization industrialization economic growth rate emergent states likely continue surpass west successful concentrating hasty industrialization built public sector strengthening private sector economies broad range production technology government taxes generate wealth patterns development capitalist communist character include minimizing government interference free enterprise land distribution purchase schemes incentives agricultural production increasing nonpetroleum energy resources adopting monetary credit policies curb inflation aligning domestic foreign prices raising taxes usual prosperity reflects performance run states resolve problems circumstances evident development states follow standard pattern emulate united states ussr substantial continued advances lines conditions generations produce workable modernization emergent states seen young simply reincarnations ancient nations live face realities misfortunes contemporary respecter political systems democratic communist states alike face common exigencies energy raw material costs monetary inflation urban inconveniences oversized bureaucracies environmental protection skilled labor shortages population control ultimate moral question proper relationship
political scientists seek comparisons short answer aids understanding system activity knows system knows system real reason comparison systematic empirical testing generalizations order diverse data comparison patterns activity regimes analyze differing ideologies processes decision making examine propositions importance characteristics study relationships classes data comparative politics scientific method mean theories final unchangeable thing formulating hypotheses requires selection data art theorizing michael balfour largely consists knowing omit investigations purposes methods data selected significant systems classifications categories comparative politics tentative final study reducible mathematical formulas significant political phenomena mood times impossible quantify comparative politics recent greatly influenced behavioralism motives modern search conceptual frameworks rigorous approach search data emphasis careful precision statistical accuracy beneficial behavioral approach attempt improve understanding politics seeking explain empirical aspects political means methods theories criteria proof acceptable according canons conventions assumptions modern empirical science approach obsessed scientific method technical jargon result studies rigor rigor mortis
political behavior necessarily conducted rational basis scientific principles renders scientific study difficult impossible conduct senator joseph mccarthy anticommunist hearings retrospect inexplicable irrational caesar decisions fight battles basis inspection insides chickens prime minister mackenzie king canada communed voices spirit politics frequent examples irrational behavior divorce intended form political reality max weber observed organization continue function perform official living official fly swatter sultan morocco continued era air conditioning grenadier guard duty downing street attempt prime minister sir robert walpole institutions continue perform function british board trade remains nominal existence meets swedish minister education appoint university professors exercises power postwar indonesia volcanic eruptions decisive factor political decisions burma astrology instrument political planning making concessions supposed magical number south vietnamese constitution written constituent assembly composed members contained words constitution included clauses religious dignitaries political violence jan sangh hindus india buddhists ceylon vietnam muslims indonesia alas neat generalizations laws rational choose
genuine differences exist constitutes community interest alleged primacy vested sectional selfish interests snce decisions involve choice public interest immediately apparent automatically translatable empirical terms starkest form choice guns butter nazis extreme form controlling billboards highways allowing advertisers choose location subsidizing railroads deficits building alternative means transportation small homogeneous groups conceivable common interest motivate members large organizations common interest evident political leadership articulate concept public interest claimed standard political acts judged applicable community end government seek base actions felicific calculus greatest happiness greatest number public welfare frequently concept claimed group interested objective argument group interest common general interest treated caution dangerous personify groups endow mind personality think expressions collective mind human attributes misleading biological analogy groups society postulate theory organization political organizations share biological organisms attributes metabolism growth internal transformation homeostatis information entropy history answers problem relations groups individuals relative demands public concern private need
marxist philosophy history differentiates broad successive types social relationship primitive communism general equality slavery slave owning slave classes feudalism lords manor serfs capitalism capitalist proletarian classes communism abolition economic classes marx largely uninterested stages regarded utopian speculate detail nature future communist society essentially concerned analysis capitalism captialist organs power organs bourgeois dictatorship obvious connection social relationships economic system political institutions country ecuador percent landowners percent arable land run oligarchy controls business army avenues political power shift economic structure lead shift political power brazil economic growth south reduced significance rubber sugar plantations economy country led traditional landowning oligarchy controlling largely illiterate population displaced demogogic politicians allied industrial agrarian workers economic interpretation political systems provide limited understanding widespread appeal marxist theory due incisiveness historical philosophical analysis logical rigor vigor analysis argued assurance certainty ultimate victory deceptive ease supposed laws deduced political economic phenomena attractive ultimate communist society injustice oppression eliminated
current nature eastern european communist systems apt reflection totalitarian model poland power church voice intellectuals restraining influence communist political power successive yugoslavia decentralization industrial organization regulatory economy unwillingness press collectivization peasantry partial return free market agricultural commodities reduced role played communist party divorce party government administration liberal constitution resignation government republic illustrate communist regimes inherently totalitarian eastern european countries economic management differing degrees autonomy small private business sector exists monolithic communist unity ended refusal accept russian domination expulsion founded coordinate activities communist parties denunciation stalin nikita khrushchev weakened russian control communist parties advocacy italian communist soviet schism independence rumania foreign affairs extreme maoist groups number countries closest current approximation totalitarian model china government totally controls political activity structure revolutionary committees labor common purposes attempted instill revolutionary peasantry beginning nursery create consciousness tried change human nature removing bourgeois behavior motives end family control traditional authority father makes advancement contingent ideological conformity
states exist continuum primitive economies technically sophisticated subject participant political cultures societies closed open merit cultures based kinship nuclear family units religious secular societies development regarded move member pair recent number typologies proposed help classify large number developing systems interesting proposed david apter politics modernization suggests existence types developing regimes modernizing autocracies mobilization systems reconciliation systems type innovation introduced traditional authorities institutions ethiopia morocco type mobilization attempted single party deal economic cultural deficiencies achieve specific goals guinea tunis examples reconciliation systems india nigeria variety groups institutions government bodies compete developmental process apter tripartite division sufficient account wide political social differences exist developing nations gabriel almond bingham powell suggest types political systems development process traditional transitional modern system changing response internal external pressures systems compared degree specialization structures differentiation political roles specificity functions characteristics suggested developed polities
representative assemblies arose political convenience bargaining primarily monarch age agriculture significant representative principle mass weapon literacy common king representative nation weld warring factions embodiment thomas hobbes unity representer able obtain advice consultation gain knowledge beliefs citizens early assemblies spanish cortes composed representatives social groups ecclesiastical military popular advice necessarily assemblies able present lists judicial political grievances king petition crown operations government memory historic struggle embodied amendment united states constitution forbids congress abridge petition government redress grievances assemblies obtaining assent taxation attending king shortage money representation estates later personal representation basis roman principle quod omnes tangit ab omnibus approbetur touches approved later petitions presented assemblies converted royal approval law countries john locke determination taxation important determination legislation noticeable introduction money bills assembly hands government britain france germany france financial needs monarchs strengthen representative institutions
de view based large extent critical evaluation parliamentary behavior implies referendum allow expression multiplicity parties acting intermediaries ruler prevent heard referendum supported allowing real choice issues party divisions clear resolving political deadlock endowing difficult decision needed legitimacy referendum device transferring government country rule intelligence rule ignorance writers walter lippmann impact public opinion massive negative critical times incapable making correct decisions important areas especially foreign policy likely agree referendum educative device foreign politics alexis de tocqueville demand scarcely qualities peculiar democracy require contrary perfect deficient doubtful resort referendum occasions results largely depend question put critics argue referendum undermine authority legislature device manipulate voters allow politicians escape making decisions referendum arouse divisive passions referendum common market norway obstruct delay parliamentary action referendum vote women switzerland
large variety methods purpose territorial representation single member multimember constituencies single member constituencies small geographic areas approximately equal population identical administrative political divisions france norway switzerland usual method candidate highest plurality wins method virtue simplicity tends limit number parties occasionally fosters party system enable party gain absolute majority parliamentary cabinet system means voter registering preference government parliamentary representative logically lead formation strong government capable taking initiative avoidance coalitions system mathematically inequitable candidate win minority votes cast parties consituency legislative majority represent minority population distorting opinion nation small change electoral opinion produce greater proportional change distribution parliamentary seats electors favoring small party party local candidate faced dilemma wasting vote casting candidate find objectionable parties underrepresented generally candidates votes weaker major parties strengthening incumbent inequities method shown figures britain shown table classic single member constituency plurality decision
french revolution social reform movements developed structure church remained opposed christian religion nineteenth early twentieth centuries social christian movements remained small rarely received support ecclesiastical heirarchy christian democracy emerged major political force continental european politics postwar period based allegiance principles christianity philosophy personalism autonomy family community classes centralization appealed variety groups wholly agreed program christian democratic party lines papal encyclical quadragesimo anno proposed corporate organizations industry professions class conflict christian democracy favored creation economic social committees works councils actual practice embraced wide difference political opinions positions italian party split number factions political personal strongest support women older christian democracy emerged religiously oriented force prepared support social economic reform greater degree religious organizations hitherto lack coherent systematic policy support religious education precludes regarded major ideological trend dilemma christian democratic party shown fate popular republican movement mrp gradually evolved ideological social reform group center party interested office french fourth republics formal dissolution countries germany austria france benelux nations italy role christian democratic parties declined difficult variety reasons
advantage party system produce party parliamentary majority responsibility powerful opposition majority conscious parties attempt attract sufficiently large number voters obtain majority probable moderate opinion action underlying existence party system premise dualism human behavior political orientation individuals attracted passion reason order change left heirarchy equality conservatism liberalism fall basic personality groups individuals developing personalities liberal conservative tendencies attracted parties support resist change theory political dualism exemplified nations socialist groups opposed coalition nonsocialist groups immediately challenged moderation forced parties effort obtain electoral support lead adopt similar political positions addition split left wing movement analyzed inevitably forces social democratic parties center order seek support classic party system accompanying strong government structure britain election successful members parliament labour conservative parties obtained percent vote candidates parties fought head head fights october election witnessed striking gains regional parties major parties obtained seats polled percent vote
communist party soviet union million members candidates organized principle democratic centralism theory accept decision members organization chosen lower level practice cooption election manner choice centralized leadership arises vertical communication small cells organized functional geographical lines central committee consisting full candidate members directs party affairs party congress lays guidelines policy infrequent meetings apex political pyramid presidium politburo small group top party leaders acts meetings central committee emergence joseph stalin real core power secretariat nominally acting meetings presidium control organization current members secretariat members politburo doctrine marxism logically suggest single party communist systems created communist party sole party eliminated liquidated absorbed elections candidate proposed nonparty organizations nominations communist systems party varying relationship government apparatus soviet union political leaders held differing views mixing party government responsibilities times party controlled directed operation government ultimate source authority organization providing guidance policy questions body criticizing organizations disciplined group instilling ideological enthusiasm citizen body
views nature administrative process willoughby fundamental principles practices existed governmental operations order obtain efficiency economy view luther gulick stresses objective efficiency concerned technical problems specialization function division labor administration according gulick concerned implementing defined objectives number activities planning organizing staffing directing coordinating reporting budgeting recent analyses herbert simon school concentrate administrative activity interrelationship organizations pursue problems decision making behavior organizations simon chester barnard argued organizations systems coordinated activities cooperating perform formal functions fulfill common purpose communicate purpose concerned patterns informal behavior maintain common values believe task administrator provide system communication members organization implement purposes objectives organization commonly accepted view administrative function modern systems max weber theory administration bureaucratic activity word bureaucracy pejorative term neutral description indispensable activity group public officials arranged functionally basis activity performed organized vertically hierarchical chain command ordered disciplined fashion territorially depending degree centralization system weber suggested essence bureaucracy rationality predictability action
formulation sujbect riggs private language administration developing countries led postulate types bureaucratic activity depending society fused diffracted refracted prismatic sees bureaucracy concerned simply application rules aggregating interests articulating interests group participation political process countries developed move fused diffracted societies result forces political factors need money increased armies communication growth markets money agriculture growth population spread science increased industrialization models riggs suggests comparisons bureaucracy diffracted societies essentially anglo american types fused prismatic societies type possesses combination characteristics present types typical developing nations bureaucracy marked traditional status elite recruitment corruption inefficient budgeting accounting gap income expenditure lack enforcement rules independence political control riggs typology differentiating administrative behavior newer older nations abstract concepts nature necessarily congruent political reality lucian pye study burmese politics administration warned unduly influenced personal relationships observer logically expect case undeveloped society burmese tried solve problems finding relevant regulation rule book
civil service monolithic entity senior members devoted insidious pursuit power individual bureaucrats try maximize share total budget activity depend amount allocated concerned technical matters opposed involved political juridical decisions spending departments war savings departments central organizations opposed local regional agencies agencies engaged formulating programs find checked general review agencies treasury britain bureau budget united states bureaucracy check bureaucracy west germany veto bundesrat bureacrats lander real force prevents encroachment federal government federal civil service supervises land civil services execution federal laws unity united states limited divisions departments understandable lack agreement intimacy changing group top civil servants stable permanent administrators virtual autonomy bureaus government departments competition bureaus resources departments alliances congressional committees pressure groups favored bureaus civil servants general responsive wishes superiors needs society accountable actions behavior control behavior bureaucrats internal external internal controls exist bureaucrats accept ethic profession agreed rules due processes impose restraints power allow personal considerations influence behavior
anthropologists concept culture provide total picture actions beliefs community comparative politics concept political culture classify community held beliefs feelings values influence political behavior community sets attitudes political system depend knowledge system operates personnel policies depend ability participate political process degree system accepted legitimate rulers exercise power countries political values norms behavior patterns political culture transmitted present future citizens political socialization produced variety agencies family school system religious bodies mass media popular literature art fable heroes popular mythology developed systems united states family thought dominant factor process socialization view recently qualified systems socialization place unconsciously membership caste india deliberately communes china kibbutzim israel impact agencies socialization varies according population according social relations technological innovation political events attempts classify systems according stages political development stimulated creation large number states trying establish viable political systems modernize economies societies
comparative analysis study ways electoral process works countries parties groups play part process nondemocratic countries hold elections supposedly demonstrate solidarity existing political leadership intended promote consensus meaningful elections present voters alternative candidates parties issues choose fairly honestly organized elections allow peaceful change government meaning accept electoral decision minority permitted oppose policies successful majority political development meant increasing proportion population obtains vote greater political equality gradually disqualifications representation based religion property education sex removed ownership property longer vote educational degree countries women longer excluded suffrage minimum age limit generally accepted recently lowered countries generally part political activities membership party interest group voting number systems opportunities provided direct political participation deciding issues chief forms participation referendums plebiscites approval constitutions initiatives presenting petitions bills recall elected officials devices governments politicians account views citizens expressed public opinion polls change policies attitudes systems extent direct participation considerable part limited
britain pluralistic society religious diversity centuries discrimination religious disqualification public office exception monarch member established church england protestantism dominant religion anglican church nominally accounting percent english percent welsh population free nonconformist churches account percent population england percent wales church england established church concept establishment derives fact monarch supreme head chief dignitaries church archbishops canterbury york bishops deans formally appointed monarch accepts advice prime minister politically higher clergy sit members house lords member church england sit house commons church large landowner considerable possessions industrial shares property senior figures church elite backgrounds church speak monolithic voice political social economic affairs monarch head presbyterian church scotland established church free nonconformist protestant churches strong west england wales historically critical opposed establishment general coincidence areas religious nonconformity political dissent liberal later labour party largest free churches methodist church half million adult members baptist church members
prominent form public ownership postwar period public corporation nationalized enterprise administered government department board corporation free political interference daily management administration minister appoints boards largely composed experts field civil servants employee representatives ministers direct responsibility operation approve general lines capital development research borrowing give general directions national interest public corporations british broadcasting corporation bbc london passenger transport board established war ii labour government set nationalization bank england coal mines electricity gas railways airlines transport iron steel waterways road haulage steel conservative government succeeded labour reverse nationalization process labour renationalized steel taking major companies industry organization structure nationalized industries enterprises set engine division rolls royce conservatives british national oil corporation partner private companies north sea oil output nationalized industries constituted percent gdp employed million workers percent force took percent fixed investment industries dominate areas energy public transport communications iron steel producers basic goods services consumers large amounts raw materials significantly affect investment employment prices cost living economy
characteristic traditional french social structure sectionalism maintained partly size peasantry general historical geographical characteristics involved mountains plateaus separate country natural regions isolate areas main communication axes brittany west southwest aquitaine massif central plateau parts rugged desertlike alpine area provence latin southeastern tip mediterranean hilly interior tourists tend mainly think constitute sharply differentiated regions fairly recently remained culturally isolated isolated accessible northern northeastern parts country plains easier agriculture industry natural lines communication history molded geographical constraints added dimension local particularism widespread difficult describe adequately contours french sectionalism manifests differences accent turn product survival local dialects south latin origin related italian provencal spanish catalan alsatian flemish germanic roots breton basque common main european languages forms living consequences climates vary sharply moves humid temperate brittany cold massif central alsace pleasant mediterranean coast shape traditional houses characteristic appearance towns villages alsace provence paris area belong countries
late france reverting traditional divisions large western democracies western democracies scandinavia disciplined united france characterized undisciplined loosely organized center curiously succeed staying power periods constant inability organized commonly criticized efforts periodically streamline groups parties compose endeavors gaullists late part appears sisyphean effort late party parti social francais poised considerable gains war election provided test took place prewar conservative groups badly shaken fact members collaborated vichy regime christian party movement republicain populaire mrp marked success obtaining quarter votes left wing satisfy conservative electorate alliance communists suspect emergence rpf caused vote mrp drop percent seen strength rpf turn eroded splits desertions shopkeepers party pierre poujade verge producing catalyst policies crude attract gained percent votes soon swept gaullist tide
west germany offers highly literate population enormous range opportunities personal development leisure parks sports clubs museums theater companies opera houses abound additionally publication nearly periodicals combined sale million copies average household serves reminder frg vast communications network seemingly insatiable german thirst general specialized knowledge newspaper book production highest publishers selling million daily newspapers higher reading tastes west germans served massive output book publishers multimillion membership book clubs public libraries broadcast media reach nearly west german home broadcasting corporations frg combined radio television corporations organized regional basis inter land compacts laws laender common agreement regional stations operate frg national television networks ard national television network zdf operated agreement laender finally national radio stations transmit programs german languages west germany federal government sought establish tv station federal constitutional court ruled effort unconstitutional declaring national television program owned operated bonn government endanger free speech invade reserved power laender cultural affairs decision constitutional court underlined importance autonomy broadcast media controlled private groups
fdp founded theodore heuss reinhold maier modern counterpart older german liberal parties standing free enterprise individual determination areas social minor party survived percent clause limiting representation federal parliament parties winning percent votes drawing steady support postwar large numbers business persons employed professionals civil servants nonchurchgoing protestant middle class party members able capture percent national vote land level fdp fortunes declining owing rising popularity greens small combination nontraditional political groups discussed section fdp determined governing coalition national elections party leaned rightward coalition partner cdu csu later leftward lurch leadership allied spd coalition lasted party joined hands cdu csu uneasy coalitions describing fdp role combating conservative torpidity cdu csu socialist utopia spd party leaders fought cdu csu foreign policy spd spending programs social reforms party independently strong stands consistent secular liberal orientation issues educational reform abortion pornograpy church taxes fdp impact german politics slight
laender succeeded expanding bundesrat veto power legislation impinging substantive interests thing bundesrat maintained substance amendments laws requiring consent receive consent laender interpreted basic law article authorizing exercise veto power legislation states carry federal laws result applies veto roughly percent federal legislation virtually elevating bundesrat position coresponsibility bundestag bundesrat pleaded coresponsibility theory federal constitutional court conflict bundesrat authority head bundestag refusal submit social security amendment upper chamber bundesrat previously consent basic statute bavaria rhineland palatinate christian democratic states petitioned federal constitutional court ruling bundestag action landmark decision court rejected laender argument holding bundesrat approved bill requiring laender consent subsequent amendment alter substance require renewed consent court ruled generally bundestag authority limited express powers conferred basic law affirming primacy bundestag west german system federal republic follows pattern reich weimar republic confering exclusive legislative administrative responsibility national government fields foreign affairs interstate commerce postal services transportation major public policies guidelines established national government
marxism leninism ideology system thought outlook attempts explain rationalize reality method political analysis offers plan action vision future possesses characteristics sectarian religious movement despite claim scientific preaching militant atheism promises humanity form secular salvation claims sole source truth ultimate knowledge seeks converts requires master marxist leninist scriptural writings understood current interpretation accept communist party discipline insisting ideological orthodoxy party leaders employed practice condemning deviationist movements communist counterpart religious heresies leninists lenin embalmed body red square mausoleum object veneration comparable religious relic lenin reinterpreted developed thought karl marx friedrich engels leninism reflects basic tenets marxism view capitalism include doctrine historical materialism holds social relationships determined mode production ways livelihood obtained nature prevailing technology material base society determines social class structure social relations relations production conflict mode production revolution occurs concepts base superstructure reflect doctrine historical materialism base represents economic structure society superstructure represents political institutions legal systems constitutions religion philosophy arts literature superstructure fundamentally reflection economic base noneconomic factors conceded limited role
significant fact concerning soviet communications media official organs soviet government cpsu public organizations controlled party printing plants radio television facilities news agencies newsprint supplies cinema studios owned serve political ends principal news gathering agency tass telegraphic agency soviet union governmental body attached council ministers agency issues official announcements allegations accusations directed foreign governments tass correspondents prepare lengthy background intelligence reports news summaries soviet officials information found soviet media published broadcast news carefully orchestrated soviet citizens informed areas regarded ignorant events opinions authorities deem harmful unnecessary public major soviet newspapers pages issue foreign news oldest soviet newspaper pravda official organ cpsu founded lenin pravda meanining truth appropriately named truthfully reflects current party line position issues events personalities basic policies official government newspaper izvestiia news large circulation newspapers published komsomol central council trade unions union writers military republic oblast newspapers publised languages local newspapers small factory farm publications soviet newspapers advertising articles devoted economic production ideological interpretations international political developments information regarding crop harvests appeals harder increase productivity frequently published
results soviet elections known advance voting country rulers developed elaborate electoral system claimed soviet elections genuinely democratic high percentage voter participation invariably percent nomination candidate position rules choice communist non communist candidate candidates communist party stalin introduced general direct equal secret suffrage prior constitution suffrage unequal expense peasantry small part population disfranchised lowest soviets elected directly higher soviets elected indirectly voting open lists secret ballot individual candidates persons age vote residence requirements literacy tests soviet union high rate literacy soviet citizens elect deputies local oblast soviets republic supreme soviets elect judges courts instance court officials appointed elected soviets election deputies soviets based single member district million deputies elected soviets ranging villages supreme soviet overlapping constitutuencies voters vote deputy chambers supreme soviet deputy union republic supreme soviet live autonomous republic vote deputy supreme soviet deputy supreme soviet council nationalities
political scientists appreciated democracy facilitated democratic culture china culture obviously undemocratic say reason look explanation thinks euphoria democratic movement pervading sense china ready rise feudal past issue obvious hu ping emphasized culture factor pessimistic situation hopeless autocratic political culture eternal fragile autocrats secret deceiving preference dictatorship eventually modern technology generate information explosion break barriers ideological cultural exchange culture provide explanation persistence dictatorship china suggested earlier think piece matter essay li yi group entitled socialist democracy legal system written guangzhou context demise lin biao campaigns faction li yi collective pen argued problem lin biao systemic framework lin able operate referred lin biao system term merely political convenience condemned lawlessness arbitrary rule including mechanical religious preachings class struggle cowsheds kuomintang prison camps ostensibly referring past doubt li yi describing ongoing reality lin biao system died lin
war labour government britain discovered shock indian problem resolved simply proclaiming independence elections held central provincial legislatures immediately war revealed dangerous polarization communal groups muslim league won seats muslim areas congress seats hindu areas league congress increasingly irreconcilable jinnah vowed elections congress flag fly north dead bodies muslims statement prophetic independence india achieved price greatest bloodbaths modern times physically unable reinstitute imperial rule politically unwilling case british labour government intent granting independence squabbling groups rapidly march prime minister clement attlee despatched cabinet mission india task finding constitutional solution immediately cabinet mission confronted incompatible demands muslims wanted british divide india quit hindus wanted british quit leave indians hindu majority course decide division unable secure agreement cabinet mission proposals pointing partition leave huge minorities nation unworkable mission recommended india divided predominantly muslim hindu areas enjoy extensive autonomy complex political structure central power weak constituent assembly elected representation areas assume responsibility government draft constitution
independent india prime minister jawaharlal nehru formulated major principle indian foreign policy successors subscribed nonalignment nehru nonalignment meant refusal part military alliance structures superpower mean isolation withdrawal international scene contrary independence india enable intervene forcefully specific issues peace avoiding alliances united states soviet union indian leaders explained retain freedom maneuver defend national interests alliance inevitably divisions indian public opinion create political instability divert attention pressing problem dealing poverty home indians superpower represents perceived evil greedy capitalism oppressive communism india represents concern humanity social justice combined freedom critics indian foreign policy express skepticism concerning indian aspirations illusions higher idealism ideals nonetheless constantly invoked india confronted challenges territorial integrity neighbors pakistan china independence despite verbal commitment peace nonalignment india war times counting minor actions occupation goa partition accompanied communal violence forced movement millions refugees war pakistan ensued winter jammu kashmir sides accepted cease fire arranged united nations january indian chinese forces engaged sharply fought conflict disputed territory chinese prevailing
goal specific aim reflects set values values beliefs ideas consider desirable important making decision think real goal identify goal define problem solve order meet goal case study bicycle trip goal trip problem decide trip repair bike buy consider options facts needed decision information help achieve goal lot information help decide bicycle problem sporting goods stores learn prices types models bikes ask repair shops estimates cost repair bike learn cost renting bicycle weekend look want ads newspapers bikes information gather decision likely gathering information costly terms money energy reasons consumers collect information result fully satisfied decisions alternatives choices help reach goal alternative help solve problem explore alternatives decision likely learned gathering information alternatives bicycle trip listed decision making chart shown illustration decision making charts simply helpful tools making decisions
consumer faced basic economic problem unlimited wants limited resources mike high school student problem wanted buy cassette book money mike choices buy cassette buy book buy item save money mike chose save money added savings account pay expenses school annual field trip mike decision showed valued field trip cassette book decided scarce limited financial resources felt important mike consumer action illustrates important economic principles mike nations scarce resources satisfy important needs wants study economics nations deal unlimited wants limited resources nation system producing consuming goods services material product food clothing service nonmaterial product education nation businesses governments relate system influence goods services produced system called economy economic system economic systems evolve part response needs wants consumers types national economies market economy common countries united states market economies individuals largely determine goods services produced part individuals influence economy consumer actions marketplace government control economy limited economy private ownership type economic system called capitalism free enterprise
social economic trends influence individual consumer national economy trends effects consumers sections women employed home history income households women share earning responsibilities income households result traditional roles family members taking place child care household tasks cooking cleaning longer considered women modern family care young children household shared husband wife older children participation involvement means family members voice family income spent major social economic husband considered household head husband responsible earning deciding money spent wife responsible caring home family today family members likely share responsibilities income families money spend housing travel consumer goods services free limited result members income families feel trapped earning spending cycle takes money consumers spending consumer goods services actually increase quality single living growing trend postponing marriage results single person households university michigan study changing american family reported percent women aged married
bank place consumers think need borrow money banks financial institutions commonly loan money purchasing cars home improvements college tuition home mortgages loan money reasonable consumer needs apply loan consumer provide detailed financial information loan application form require financial personal information judge consumer repay loan information provided consumer checked lender loan officer officer contact credit bureau find consumer financial history loan granted repaid preset period consumer repay loan period lender charge consumer interest money borrowed savings account advantages helps establish habit saving money money deposited earns interest savings account deposit checks account suppose received check aunt lives cash check aunt bank cash bank ask parents friend cash deposit check savings account money account amount check cashed decide institution guide compare interest rates institutions offer kinds savings accounts interest rate fraction percentage point higher increase interest earnings guide compare conveniences offered institutions location business hours
situation wanted buy money shopping mall found ideal birthday gift friend money buy gift handy simply tell salesperson charge case credit convenience consider slightly situation need dress clothes wear cousin wedding money saved buy save money case parents choose credit meet consumer need credit convenient money buy need want important credit form income credit actually borrowing future income credit form financial trust seller lender trusts borrower pay later goods services received credit based borrower promise pay future amount money borrowed credit small length repay short newspaper delivered home form credit promise pay small amount due week month return newspaper delivered borrow large amount money buy car house buy furniture store credit account repay loan credit amount
important lenders sellers borrower background inconvenient lender seller required borrower prove character capacity capital required loans credit extended solve problem system developed gather store financial information individuals organizations gather store information called credit bureaus financial information individual called credit record credit records credit bureaus qualified lenders sellers person credit record begins application credit person credit pays loans recorded information character income gathered person friends neighbors employers credit records wise consumer credit carefully bad credit record financial mark consumer kinds credit cash loans retail credit travel entertainment credit offer installment noninstallment plans offer combination installment credit requires periodic payments month noninstallment credit requires amount owed paid full end month billing period sellers able willing give credit suppose person wants house repainted major car repairs painter mechanic want paid cash cases person wants borrow cash lender cash loans repaid payment installments consumer loans commonly buy homes cars firms offer charge accounts credit accounts regular customers
chapter discussed uncertain nature risks chapter risk losses result car accidents property losses resulting theft fire discussed kinds losses happen death uncertainty death happen purpose insurance protect risk economic loss due unexpected early death insurance form economic protection health insurance economic protection risks loss types insurance discussed chapter forms insurance insurance contract insured insurance company contract insurance called policy policyholder insured agrees pay premium return insurance company agrees pay amount money person named insured insured person death person persons receive benefits policy called beneficiary insurance cost insurance related directly amount risk purpose insurance protect risk economic loss due unexpected early death factors involved determining risk main factors policyholder age general health occupation amount insurance coverage type policy affect total cost coverage refers scope protection provided insurance contract general types insurance term insurance insurance major features listed table consumers buy variations general types insurance
things count death taxes true taxes collected governments rulers ancient times familiar taxes taxes levied charged goods services taxes source income governments provide goods services individuals provide money governments collect taxes called revenue early country public fire departments insurance companies maintained fire brigades fight fires property fire insured company public schools exist children parents afford private schools tutors received formal education today look governments provide important goods services consumer publications public schools governments provide goods services tax revenues consider average think goods services provided local federal governments obvious examples taxes public schools including school buses schools books provided direct cost users school lunches free partially paid government taxes police protection military services roads travel common examples goods services provided governments taxes governments improve quality society parks forests wildlife preserves protected maintained public taxes taxes provide social services needy low income
consumers pay number taxes combined taxes represent significant portion income federal income tax progressive direct tax paid united states government internal revenue service things employee asked fill form simple form information employer withholding proper amount federal income tax employee income information provided employee concerns matters number dependents additional taxes worker wants withheld students part workers expect earn money taxed form exempt means tax withheld earnings file tax return order refund declare exempt taxes deducted paycheck end employer send federal tax form form form statement earnings shows money earned tax withheld employers form important remember copy form income tax return file shortly received forms employers file tax return report forms
effort fashionably slender teens especially young women thin weight related problems affect young anorexia nervosa bulimia anorexia nervosa form starvation resulting drastic dangerous weight loss bulimia pattern excessive eating purging body food forced vomiting conditions threats health therapy includes medical attention psychological counseling nutrition education junk food common term foods nutrients junk foods highly processed high calories large amounts sugar fat examples high calorie low nutrient foods cakes cookies candy potato chips low nutrient foods considered bad health bad foods serve parties special occasions taste eaten moderation balanced diet give deal pleasure eat low nutrient high calorie foods place balanced diet eating junk diet junk diet unhealthy provide nutrients body needs full calories important limit number junk foods eat appearance performance health suffer food fads ideas offer false exaggerated claims food nutrition misleading information suggested popular books health diets meaning pass fads friends unfortunately food fads nutritionally sound dangerous health called health food stores popular recent
shopping clothes fun deciding buy easy seen clothing store alternatives consumers important factors consider buying clothing versatility appearance price quality ease care decide factors important item want buy look versatility buy clothes select items suitable variety activities jacket wear school sports events versatile formal occasions clothing dollars clothes wear versatility money saving idea mix match wardrobe mix match select colors styles combinations separates sweaters shirts allow mix match skirts slacks create outfits appearance clothes look important factor choosing clothing success appearance affects status rank position group clothes occasion big difference job interview want neat groomed impression person offer job factors affect appearance fashion color fit fashion current style popular dress style shape design clothes outfit fashion choose wear fads extreme styles popular short
brand names designer labels indicators quality merely status symbols willing pay extra jeans designer label prefer buy nondesigner jeans similar quality fit lower price purchased item clothing later found displeased bought sweater stretched shape wearing noticed rips fabric cases stores refund return money allow exchange item buy ask store refund exchange policy money dissatisfied final sale item means refund exchange exchange size color item equal worth federal laws require stores refund exchange clothing item stores allow refunds exchanges clothing stores post sign stating rules accepting refunds exchanges sign ask salesperson reason exchange refund speak consumer complaints resolved friendly terms store consumer making complaint unsatisfactory clothing purchases helps helps store store managers aware problems customers tell complaint decide exactly problem want resolved reasonable sales receipt store sales receipt paper confirming money goods services received
late consumers need opportunity represented business government decision making economy simpler consumers expectations modest consumers traded shopkeepers knew saying buyer beware adequate advice consumers follow situations technology advanced marketplace extremely complex today matter careful consumers evaluate quality product result growing need consumer representation assistance business business making money accept idea businesses perform responsible business act responsible manner neglect intention need consumer representation business believes making responsible decisions neglects consider impact decisions consumers suppose manufacturer bicycles found company costs lowered lighter weight steel tubing bicycle frame tests showed complaints consumers bent broken frames cheaper frame acceptable cases company decide spend produce safe products prices consumers pay profit company overlook consumer interests process reason consumers believe represented corporate decision making process quality consumers affected government decisions government environmental standards affect quality air breathe water drink government regulations affect cost producing goods services prices businesses charge consumers
sally wing bought pair running shoes local shoe store wore found shoes defect noticed store sally took shoes store refund exchange store manager refused request explained store policy replace shoes worn sally told friends experience learned runners similar problems store brand shoe sally friends decided boycott store shoe manufacturer boycott consumer action refusing deal business order express disapproval boycott sally friends agreed buy brand running shoe deal store community track team soon heard problem members decided join boycott news reached store manager contacted track team store manager apologized offered replace defective shoes purchased store members team accepted offer assured manager boycott end store manager want lose future business runners families friends case consumers joined deal problem actions resulted marketplace buyer seller recent social trends movements emerged united states include civil rights movements women movement consumer movement consumer movement includes actions individuals groups working prevent solve consumer problems
consumer federation america cfa founded organization nonprofit consumer organizations local levels cfa purpose advance consumer interests consumer advocacy education gathers facts analyzes consumer issues serves clearinghouse consumer legislation cfa information public lawmakers member groups member groups organize grass roots citizens grass roots term describe local level thought source popular opinion action grass roots citizens groups speak consumers local national levels established american council consumer interests acci organization consumer professionals consumer professional employed consumer affairs education business government acci publishes newsletter scholarly research journal hosts annual conference important consumer issues promotes encourages consumer education schools universities college students preparing careers consumer affairs encouraged members college students formed public interest research groups pirg college campuses groups inspired ralph nader conduct consumer related research lobby conduct activities aimed influencing decisions desired action consumer interests michigan group college students concerned litter roads public parks problem felt threatened quality michigan pirg joined environmental groups lobbied government ban bottle efforts successful throwaway bottles cans sold michigan states idea testing consumer products popular
societies exist prefer living living want friends call times need want load shared friday robinson crusoe fishing cooking sewing houskeeping friday help concentrate jobs true societies belong hard earn money need don food purchased grocery store cars buses travel clothes factories sold local businesses government protects criminals threatening nations clearly advantages part society disadvantages rely complicated living robinson crusoe decisions friday helper suddenly choices fishing cook food divided modern society choices similar complicated determine produce produce decide engineers radio announcers decisions expensive automobiles bicycles decisions ways alternative person choice possibility person small group decisions society makes choices economic system society
adam smith born scotland beginning story makes interesting reading child kidnapped gypsies chased smith relatives gypsies left roadside young adult studied oxford england universities later professor university glasgow professor economics separate field called economics smith title professor moral philosophy adam smith called absentminded professor evening walking garden dressed nightgown thinking deeply problem wandered street walking miles finally realized occasion strolling friend passing fort guard raised spear salute known economist adam smith hypnotized soldier action returned salute cane proceeded mimic guard action soldier raised spear smith raised cane guard left face smith left face minutes behavior found top flight stairs cane air realizing curious behavior put cane continued walk friend spite strange ways adam smith famous honored today regarded economist studies showed free enterprise system works taught markets scarce resources efficiently allocated satisfy human needs wants
goods services buy depends amount money relative prices products relative price refers price measured terms price assume price track tape price hamburger relative price track tape compared price hamburger relative price shows rate give order give purchase tape buy hamburgers consider simple assume goods buy tapes hamburgers clearly unrealistic help understand relative prices suppose choose combination tapes hamburgers note total cost combination reading add tape give hamburgers opportunity cost tape hamburgers opportunity cost hamburger half tape let say decide buy tape hamburgers week prices change price tapes falls price hamburgers increases buy tape hamburgers couldn purchase cost importantly relative prices changed opportunity costs changed opportunity cost tape hamburger
competition product markets discussed competition resource markets important free enterprise system resource market competition refers efforts businesses obtain scarce factors production labor land search future baseball stars excellent competition resource markets major league baseball team constantly looking players scouts travel north central south america looking young hit baseball power throw speed control spend hours high school games spring american legion games summer prospect found offered contract team scout player likely spotted scouts want sign young athlete puts teams competition player competition takes form trying offer teams involve larger bonus signing promise player directly major league team contract offered statement indicating player continue paid number regardless plays player greater competition services baseball superstars scarce resource team end winner teams succeed signing players win games baseball season teams frequently outbid rivals resource market competition athletes receives lot publicity area businesses compete scarce resources
problems accurately measuring gnp transactions added subtracted gnp difficult measure attempt ways gnp actually higher calculated ways actually lower goods services produced sold market goods services recorded part gnp farmer consume part food production sell similarly member household mow lawn week hire gardener activities counted gnp market transaction takes place farmer sell food gardener hired mow lawn farmer food gardener services included gnp market transaction recorded obviously gnp considerably higher nonmarket activities recorded reason gnp understated existence underground economy underground economy characterized cash barter transactions record heard accept cash record transaction easy evade paying income taxes money earned reason paid cash charge lower price paid check goods services illegal possess sell produced distributed consumers secretly dealer illegal drugs wants record purchases sales
exchange goods services market require money course think children trading baseball cards fernando valenzuela card wants trial error attempt find price agree price terms money trade involve exchange fernando valenzuela robin yount baseball card video arcade tokens goods traded directly money exchange called barter barter cumbersome method trading goods services problem barter system trade place person wants matching wants occur suppose need pair shoes tennis racket willing trade shoes pair shoes looking electric drill trade place wants traders satisfied want barter system series trades find exchange tennis racket electric drill trade drill shoes need additional trades imagine consuming frustrating trade things need want bartering simply satisfactory method exchange modern basic problem barter inefficient consider teacher makes living giving lectures economics
district federal reserve bank actually owned banks area members fed national banks required members system banks join wish banks members percent banks united states nation large banks included fed member banks hold fourths deposits district federal reserve bank owned member banks banks decisions policies fed fact reverse true federal reserve system makes rules member banks operate officers federal reserve districts supervise banking areas responsibility banking united states fed board governors board governors consists persons appointed president united states approved senate person board governors serves members board governors supervise operation entire federal reserve system involved making decisions amount coins currency demand deposits united states money banking vital economic system persons important entire country decisions affect economy representative senator chairperson board governors announces important decisions fed makes frequent comments condition economy
companies successful risk owning bonds clearly corporation making profits difficulty paying interest due bonds corporation making profit able continue operate business bondholders paid interest risk principal returned banks individuals buy bonds difficult costly evaluate risk bond makes sense groups evaluation pass information bond buyers firms moody investors services standard poor continually review operations major corporations united states based reviews rating bonds ratings reported publications sold bond buyers interested groups ratings highest quality lowest risk lowest quality highest risk highest ratings firms successful financially sound american telephone telegraph atnt large profitable company chance atnt unable pay interest bonds bonds company assigned highest rating aaa lower ratings companies financial difficulty investors bonds check ratings determine amount risk bond issue description ratings help understand bonds evaluated bonds rated aaa judged quality means lowest risk
consider workers automobile mufflers mufflers task worker produce mufflers ten workers produced auto parts concentrating mufflers workers find ways think specialists secretaries concentrate typing letters reports machine operators run machine bricklayers lay bricks electricians wiring economy consists primarily workers specialize things advantage greater production disadvantages specialization jobs routine boring offer job satisfaction workers small task difficulty finding jobs difficult workers contribution output performing small task closely related idea specialized labor concept mass production mass production refers producing goods services large quantities specialized labor recall visit fast food restaurant businesses large quantities hamburgers food products efficiently serve large numbers quickly low cost contrast fancy restaurant mass production techniques meal cooked order served customers table course costly consumers pay higher prices firms assembly line mass production method assembly line number working alongside conveyor belt moves product worker
bunker hill company decided close large silver lead zinc mine kellogg northern idaho mine losing money million half despite major producers minerals united states workers lost jobs earning million wages addition company purchased million materials supplies businesses region economic effects communities area addition jobs lost mine estimated workers businesses lost jobs impact felt miles spokane washington employees lived entertainment shopping area kellogg property values fell local tax revenue declined leaving local officials problems operating schools maintaining roads providing public services unemployment rate increased percent percent worker commented effect losing job put cars sale course sold wasn worth running don money fix planned hawaii christmas real vacation trip cancelled jobs love area looks move job stay mine large employer area businesses effects extremely
owners business decide workers hire think business employees employees help products business number workers needed depends number products business able sell buy product need employees demand product business supply company expand expansion require workers consumers buy goods services satisfy needs wants businesses hire workers produce goods services number workers business need determined consumer demand product relationship demand labor derived demand means demand workers derived determined demand product consider demand coal miners plenty fuels oil natural gas demand coal low consumers choose cleaner fuels prices result demand coal miners oil supplies countries reduced natural gas scarce situation coal generating electricity heating increase demand coal require miners later oil gas supplies increase coal decline coal miners lose jobs demand workers occupations derived demand goods services produce demand carpenters related demand homes offices
suppose chosen career completed training actually finding job training worth find employment variety sources finding job discussed informal job search means applying jobs firms known hire skills referred job friend relative rounds employers filing job application place employment talk employment offices companies important source information jobs field firm hiring firms excellent source information jobs classified section newspaper major papers hundreds help wanted advertisements look regularly ads include limited amount information short description job phone number figure shows typical help wanted advertisements amount information jobs provided able learn job calling phone careful advertisements sound true unfortunately employers completely honest help wanted listings potential salary listed job higher actually earned cases promises travel possibility working movie stars famous athletes mentioned run ads look job
true free enterprise command systems today economies primarily free enterprise systems closer command systems figure economic systems countries fit free enterprise command economy spectrum countries united states west germany japan rely heavily principles free enterprise china examples economic systems controlled primarily government sweden france occupy middle positions principles extreme questions produce produce produce answered economic system methods answer questions free enterprise type systems command type economies free enterprise system answer question produce determined dollar votes consumers businesses base production decisions consumer demand consumers vote product buying produced product difficult sell consumers interested firms switch producing goods services command economy government decide goods produce called central planning planners try determine consumers want difficult task don information pay attention consumer choice planners believe country suppose decided nation resources machinery increasing country supply capital goods goods services produced future today consumers deprived food clothing products
written karl marx ideas economist lived born germany received doctor philosophy degree young traveled germany france britain marx observed ways countries noted poor working conditions factories working days low wages unpleasant slums workers lived conclusion workers unfairly treated capitalists marx believed revolution improve plight workers spent urging workers rise overthrow governments frequently writings speeches trouble times lost job views police sought put jail revolutionary activities important adults karl marx wife jenny karl unlikely match slender beautiful gentle married dozens suitors contrast marx short stocky sloppy obnoxious friends lives lived poverty occasion jenny beg money order buy casket bury children times marx home shoes coat pawned buy food didn money buy postage stamps mail articles publisher karl marx real friend friedrich engels jenny engels marx son wealthy capitalist enjoyed position high society
money country condition spent united states country told buy money case foreign aid partly increase united states gnp occasionally groups representing industry able laws written goods services purchased foreign aid industry free enterprise system plays important roles development poorer countries wealthy countries based free enterprise system countries provide financial aid poorer nations free enterprise system results greater output income countries share poorer economic system based free enterprise help countries achieve development goals developing countries adopted governments based free enterprise principles cases alternative systems slowed economic growth greatly reduced personal freedom citizens ldcs seeking standard living low alternative sounds support form government reduces freedom hope achieving living standards result developed countries communist form government political system freedom individuals extremely limited addition communist rule poses threat economic systems neighboring noncommunist countries communist system government owns property government wants
moving tim think kind person realized entirely surroundings impression tim critical tim stopped think likes told faults knowledge help tim avoid things friends dislike strangers won ready lend things remembering things forget tim friends shouldn sell short knowing friends felt friend give tim confidence help making friends help control change tim experience unusual faces similar kind change entering school starting job big adjustments moving familiar totally surroundings situations making change lessons tim learned think impression think want friend want coworker trouble reasons actions look tempting want think important business manage
karla entered living room mother looked book reading dressed mother asked don need makeup dress study math test ron coming karla explained thought snack library study closing concerned look mother face studying ron ready test karla looked annoyed studying don worry library ron counting study karla mother shook head think re snack studying ron pleasant hours grade math test important future big thing karla replied mother talking getting special math program college summer grade affect chances program important apply college agree karla mother think making studying test karla set expectations goal attend special summer math program achieve goal mark math test let interests interfere goal
term dependence legal personal meanings legally dependent minor lives financially supported parent parents guardian definition minor varies states consider persons younger age minors stage legal dependency parents guardians complete control responsibility activities children child trouble damage parent guardian responsible pay damages responsible child health food clothing housing education parents guardians don meet responsibilities held accountable law responsibilities parents guardians complete authority decide children live children eat wear children receive health care parents guardians decide obey educational laws parents guardians determine friends children legal dependence contiunes change age child personal dependency gradually babies children helpless totally dependent care supervision grow children able able part family activities running household dependence gradually decreases children develop physical skills build judgment decisions children places parent guardian begin hold part jobs children legally dependent earn gain deal personal freedom
appy card local social security administration office copy birth certificate proof citizenship permit united states form positive identification driver license school id card passport asked fill application form takes weeks receive social security card completing application receipt social security administration applied social security card employers accept receipt temporary measure federal laws set minimum age requirements conditions young allowed laws protection minors law minors jobs harmful health re check legal job job qualifies permit age certificate school local office labor department permit employer start minutes spend job interview important effect future job depends job interview prepared arrange interview ahead ready
couple months budget helped trouble paying rent checking account constantly overdrawn think budget don give hope measures try thing put money harder keeping money including emergency occasional expenses fund checking account transfer fund savings account won tempted dip receive weekly paycheck need weekly budget spending control divide monthly expenses category approximate weekly expense week set money needed fixed semi fixed expenses checking account separate listing deduct account balance think money spendable things deduct weekly cash allowance food grooming laundry needs set money daily expenses put money emergency occasional expenses fund left entertainment week weekend re learning handle money notebook strict tract expense think money frequently haven thought need train manage money weeks able track spending automatically
re noninstallment credit pay purchases services month prefer doctor dentist bill month telephone utility services billed month form noninstallment credit case pay full amount interest charged department stores small stores offer regular charge accounts customers wish pay purchases month noninstallment credit interest charge account paid full month type charge account small purchases advantage credit purchasing added cost interest revolving charge accounts offered department stores bank oil company credit cards type account charge amount pay monthly installments interest figured month outstanding balance entire amount paid due interest charged flexible form credit purchases maximum balance revolving charge accounts extremely expensive interest rates highest allowed law figure shows statement revolving charge account obtain personal loan money sources re required give lender collateral cover loan collateral acts security lender case don repay loan owe money car collateral personal loan
results complaint writing directly manager store manufacturer complaint letter effective addressed specific person find person letter addressed company local call ask manager owner letter tell exactly purchased product re dissatisfied letter polite point company complaint send copy sales slip warranty originals don send product company asks contacting seller manufacturer produces results try means achieve satisfaction newspapers radio stations special help consumers complaints action line consumer aid reporters quick attention failed impression threat publicity makes company listen care complaint promptly making complaint getting satisfaction lot effort company hope complaint person tired give persist clear problem requires attention complaint care quickly fails court sue company complaint
ramon caught jon block school hey wait big hurry don want stop burger today jon replied shaking head think home wrong don feel ramon asked jon big deal stomach giving fits past days hurts food guess touch flu maybe haven heard going school lately don think doctor checked ramon asked guess money kind tight jon ramon put hand friend shoulder listen jon going days case flu don care health going doctor jon replied going maybe re reason chances health ramon worth lot price doctor visit jon situation unusual felt sick days able figure think ramon advice feel jon wait happens sees doctor wasting money doctor finds wrong
re faced major medical emergency need seek help immediately call don waste valuable trying find needed number communities single number dial report kind emergency number home telephones find quickly area emergency number ready list numbers need list include emergency numbers police fire ambulance service include number paramedics rescue squad service copies list telephones home similar list accident victim moved safely person private vehicle help quickly ambulance delayed service busy locations hospitals emergency rooms fastest routes reach re sure person moved don patient head injury call ambulance trained ambulance crews move patient minimize chances injury oxygen employ lifesaving resuscitation hospital home vehicle workplace aid kit kits purchased put
shop food intelligently comparing prices compare prices determine cost serving dividing number servings food cost half gallon milk costs ounce glass costs cents unit pricing help compare costs products unit price product cost weight markets furnish information price directly shelves unit pricing compare prices brands similar products quickly easily unit pricing help compare prices size packages unit pricing help determine larger package costs ounce smaller items price food measure quality food prices vary seasons processing procedures vary brand brand store store generally food store sells store reduce prices special reduced prices don mean savings cost stores reduce prices sell large amount food stock spoils certainly don want arrive home find item discarded brands product prices due advertising packaging costs national brand cost local lesser known brand supermarket chains house brands
kitchen ready begin cooking cook safely area cluttered things don belong paula kitchen safer easier place washed dirty dishes cleaned counters started cooking efficiently feel kitchen tasks drudgery need train follow routine idea habit kitchen jobs pile wipe spills happen kitchen stay cleaner longer kitchen tasks difficult practice automatic realize essential health apt neglect important steps preparing meal especially guests allow re rushed re likely mistakes accidents preparations safely won relaxed enjoy guests food starting cook meal read recipes directions dishes re going prepare find helpful write timetable plan steps involved don plan steps mind foods cooking times short cooking times coordinating cooking times foods ready serve
feel seth behavior leaving dinner table leaving apartment justified reactions felt eating stew despite heat things weather difference eat feel eating quarreling important food eat healthy nutritious eating pleasant activity food digested meals pleasant relaxed seth thing eating dinner combination difficult quarrel room indigestion likely enjoyment meal begins decisions meal prepared menu planning essential proper nutrition help avoid foods pretty boring re cooking matter food grow tired want meals appealing eye taste pleasing meal contrasts taste texture color soft foods need crunchy chewy spicy foods mild foods foods color boring unappetizing small children generally mild simple foods variety texture color weather play important part menu planning
choice housing location determined amount money looking place live idea afford determined advance working budget figure money costs month necessities include food clothing including laundry cleaning costs transportation important expenses car include costs car repairs insurance occasional regular expenses adding expenses monthly total total subtracted monthly income result top limit afford spend housing ideally able find quarter monthly income top limit making budget careful allow leeway emergencies fun drudgery room pleasures enjoy considering spend shouldn forget things want buy magazine newspaper regularly want eat movie pursuits exceedingly important settle ideal housing situation feel pinched financially home important overrides personal decision
cliff brought bicycle halt looked carefully neighborhood looked promising drew folded map pocket found position area circled weeks cliff attending nearby college needed place live put map pulled checklist read items close campus close yes cliff told earlier morning circled area map section town easily campus foot bike range part job local veterinarian majoring zoology job related career goals addition paying expenses cliff concentrating search place live circle map item checklist read furnished housing looking cliff saw large apartment buildings vacancy signs check furnished apartments buy hand furniture wasn sure wanted expense cliff read items checklist convenient shopping health care movies laundry facilities fairness cliff admit answer nearest shopping center distance nearest hospital farther shopping center
problem apartment complaint manager building fair give manager chance care problems going owner situation result misunderstanding lack communication reminder needed repair remember owner interests happy tenants landlords assure building maintained manager uncooperative approach owner responsibility tenants tell owners wrong neglected general complaints problem manager case tenants building draft letter letter signed majority tenants weight complaint prevents person singled trouble maker complainer letter signed tenants produce results landlord despite legal financial responsibilities owner building properly maintained owner care building clean landlord refuse exterminators re needed repairs things turn building unpleasant place live called conditions owner attention recourse
primary motivation editing book frustration tried identify students professionals reading materials effectively describe adolescent development context families existing adolescence explores family variables unevenly issue issue secondary importance relegates single chapter disregards factors completely practices continue despite fact accumulating evidence points importance family variables adolescent development grotevant cooper accomplish broad objectives book multidisciplinary interdisciplinary approaches authors chapters drawing anthropology child development education family science psychology sociology central theme book recognize youth individual exist connections development adolescents accounted solely individual terms reference personal qualities characteristics attitudes limitations biographies assumed individual behavior personal qualities continually reshaped influenced social processes individuals act singly jointly final analysis social environment family relationships peer relationships influenced individual actions approach diminishes importance individual relationship concepts recognizes complementarity levels human experience perspective recognizes interconnections remote levels social environment including individuals dyadic relationships parent adolescent families neighborhoods communities entire societies bronfenbrenner results recognition adolescents family members interact belong joint units form relationships
parents youths develop concepts reflect roles identify meeting expectations teenagers parents develop unique conceptions identifying roles varying degrees adolescents identify companionship roles peer group roles families components teenager defined terms peer affiliations extensively ties parents adolescents parent focused establish balance parent peer orientations symbolic interactionists propose family interdependent set system roles extent enactment roles family relationship marital relationship affect role relationships family parent adolescent relationship important aspect idea concept role relationships reciprocal sense family members mutually expect perform roles ways turner adolescents responsive parental expectations behavior parents increasingly responsive expectations youths parents increasingly expect adolescents assume adult responsibilities youths expect parents relinquish controls experienced past childhood specifically parents face teenage expectations sons daughters family car independent adolescents turn face parental expectations drive safely refil car gas returning home illustrates parent adolescent relationships viewed sides coin mutual reciprocal expectations provide structure meaning everyday dynamics
development family systems theories researchers clinicians increased interest structure families variety ways interaction occurs early researchers identified family patterns problem behaviors schizophrenia bateson al singer wynne early focused communication patterns exchanges messages double bind person sends verbal message contradictory nonverbal message person loses matter message chapter later researchers clinicians noticed sequence patterns interaction specific outcomes behaviors family members friedman sonne barr minuchin rosman baker perosa section chapter summarize essential ideas literature communication sequence patterns families adolescents interactions occur family members galvin brommel families develop set communication meanings patterns message patterns important conveying information define alter relationships boundaries networks families galvin brommel knapp scoresby parent commands fourteen adolescent bed information parents want convey defines authoritarian chapter relationship parents child hand message meaning parent say getting late bed think convey roughly information defines relationship styles patterns develop parents adolescents impact parent adolescent relationship family system adolescent behavior
identity concept popular usage limited adolescent struggle answer question observers post war ii scene erikson thought identity crisis task descriptive contemporary adult matter specific age erikson argued adolescents society weigert extended period training necessitated industrial revolution impossible adolescent large segments adult population receive recognition society mature functioning adults satisfactorily fill valued occupational roles land childhood adulthood created ambivalence adolescent likewise adult occupational role roles longer existed changed drastically skills required industrial revolution struggled capable questions making adolescents evaluation central part social cultural heritage erikson works identity pushed concept prominence weigert resolve issues arises maintained social psychology general assumes arises maintained social interaction seen interactional process individual conceptualized actor reactor social encounters part initiates action knowing subject known object reflexive assumption human subject object simultaneously
market researchers found adolescents influence parents purchases furniture cars vacations smaller consumer decisions sebald real evidence adolescent influence parents values attitudes probability influence recognized discussed smith possibilities adolescent influence parents pointed times chapter research evidence lacking absence research adolescent influence parents complement research parental influence adolescents position person looking traffic side street unable side present recognize influence going direction nature quantity number streets cross traffic goes parent adolescent families important involve relationships parent adolescent parent family adolescent brothers sisters friends adolescent family parents differ extent relationships adolescent power choice influence techniques respects parent distinct individual relationship adolescent mother affected father relationships adolescent mother likewise father relationship adolescent affected relationships wife mother parent wants adolescent home party eleven thirty adolescent induce parent intercede suggest twelve thirty
adolescent power attention adolescent internalized power base increases ability influence parent parent orientations perceptions beliefs give adolescent referent expert legitimate power parent adolescent generally employ influence technique convert power actual influence previous study parental discipline suggested important forms parental influence techniques power assertion command love withdrawal induction power assertion actual threatened physical punishment deprivation promised tangible rewards imperative command powerful techniques gaining present behavioral compliance arouse resistance negative emotional reactions considerable evidence term problemsof aggression low conscience development part child extensive parental power assertive techniques contrast strong conscience forms moral development child extensive parental induction giving reasons child change appears especially true oriented induction reasons concern respect short term consequences induction resistance negative emotional reaction produces behavioral compliance influence attempts include element command additional types influence techniques important parent adolescent relationships circumvention deceit fait accompli thought manipulation diversion compromise circumvention strategies backfire target influence attempt sees compromise reduces resistance course reduces demand change target influence attempt auxiliary techniques designed preserve interpersonal relationship reduce resistance influence friction results influence attempts
according stierlin adolescents parents singleminded respective desires separation togetherness seek balance needs adolescents want separation parents hope togetherness interplay opposing desires result centripetal forces bind family centrifugal forces push family members basis clinical observations small group distressed families adolescents stierlin identified types family transactions disturbances parent adolescent separation transactions stierlin calls binding mode family interaction delegating mode expelling mode binding mode family interaction dominates family governed centripetal forces family members operate assumption essential satisfactions obtained family sphere largely cold hostile place adolescents types families seek separation avoid peers parents view movement separation threatening types binding strategies parents identified affective binding parents overindulge adolescents infantile dependent cognitive binding parents impose perceptions definitions adolescents prevent acknowledging feelings needs binding exploitation loyalty mode parents attempt generate excessive guilt adolescents show interest nonfamily members delegating mode family interaction found families parents react developmental crises ambivalence turmoil parents unpredictably fluctuate seeking satisfaction family turning family parents adopt mixture centripetal centrifugal patterns behavior adolescents
schools prepare occupational opportunities occupations require applicants meet minimal standards entry level positions high school diploma required access jobs extensive entry requirements jobs requirements college courses area business psychology requirements include college degree applicants higher status positions need master advanced degrees candidates college professor positions typically need doctorate degrees dentists medical doctors sure range entry level requirements broad applicants need certified written document certificate diploma assures prospective employers candidate successfully completed training program television repair ray technology automotive ignition systems positions require licensure federal professional associations additional requirements maintaining license health therapists need license requires schooling experience maintaining license involve additional education credits building trades carpentry plumbing sheet metal working require journeyman card prospective employers screen applicants basis credentials position requirements invariably include specification levels schooling certification otto schools high schools colleges graduate professional schools business trade technical schools central role preparing placing labor force schools teaching students education training institutions stamp human products credentials provide access occupations society applicants point view degrees certificates tickets allow entry occupations employer point view degrees certificates convenient selection criteria sort job applicants
families adolescent stage family cycle manage changing set demands fosters growth development individual members family unit double abcx model adaptation central concept describe outcome promoting individual family growth balanced family functioning units analysis considered relative adaptation individual family members family unit community units characterized demands stressors strains capabilities resources definitions coping adaptation achieved reciprocal relationships demands units met capabilities achieve balance functioning demands exceed capabilities families achieve balanced functioning individual family members family unit family unit community part individual family members community focus chapter adolescent member family restrict discussion adolescent adaptation fit adolescent family fit adolescent community adolescent family fit achieved reciprocal relationships adolescent needs met family capabilities family encouragement support adolescent need independence family needs met adolescent member helping maintenance tasks cleaning house participating shared family activities adolescent stress distress emerge adolescent needs exceed family capability meeting demands needs remain unmet imbalance occurs family system bill doll parents struggled personal relationship unable provide sufficient resources meet support bill needs
profound research errors found research design usedto study effects divorce adolescents adolescents divorced families compared adolescents intact functioning families compared intact families substantial parental stress dissension nye berardo comparison makes difficult determine source adolescent problems divorce marital conflict present thedivorce burchinal mcdermott luepnitz study nye children intact effectively functioning families found fewest behavioral problems single parent families stepfamilies intermediate number problems deviant behavior common families intact high conflict similar findings obtained studies westman al bane kelly wallerstein rheinhard study luepnitz half sample children reported predivorce marital conflict produced stress factor parents divorce fact symptoms reported reactions divorce reported subjects children divorce surprising studies found remarriage lowers stress children divorced families levels similar children intact families bohannan wilson zurcher mcadams rallings say impact divorce remarriage nonexistent divorce correct problem damaging marital breakup road recovery rough tumultuous filled negative affect stress
national institute drug abuse reported percent high school seniors surveyed illicit drugs lives twenty percent seniors reported marijuana ninety percent alcohol percent month according report high school seniors surveyed drugs decreased cocaine johnson students reported percent alcohol percent reporting daily earlier survey nida percent reporting males largest metropolitan communities alcohol daily alcohol high school reported percent seniors surveyed percent identifying sixth grade thirty percent seniors study reported marijuana high school high school students reported stimulants percent reporting frequent nida figures include counter drugs diet pills lower percentage high school seniors recently reported drugs johnston reported cocaine remained seniors surveyed reported methaqualone drug conjointly cocaine cigarette smoking leveled survey decline figures include individuals drop school prior twelfth grade greater risk abuse johnston reducing demand drugs supply critical factor decreasing incidence drug abuse
police maintain types arrest statistics count number persons custody crime unit count singular focuses person contrast statistic record offenses discovered arrest unit count singular multiple emphasis offense adolescent arrested breaking entering discovered stole car number offenses arrest statistics overestimate role adolescents crime reasons younger offenders tend easily caught adult offenders offenses committed adolescents occur group context offense committed persons charged delinquent considerations satisfactory explanation disproportionate amount crime committed teenagers table presents relative proportion adolescents arrested age groups compared arrests individuals eighteen age older table clearly youths early age fifteen late ages fifteen seventeen adolescence contribute heavily arrest statistics eighteen nineteen olds considered adult juvenile arrests table heavily involved criminal activity figures upper half table refer major index crimes lower half minor status offenses insightful break information relevant age ranges fifteen fifteen seventeen eighteen nineteen obviously adolescents contribute disproportionately crime major approximately percent population commit percent index crimes
present case discussion illustrating family therapist schools model based approach family describe integrated model illustrate application family mrs thirty professional holding full supervisory position calls appointment family therapist presents problems jill eleven half daughter pulling hair fourteen months behavior began mother week vacation leaving jill aunt mrs referred dr psychologist behavioral orientation turn referred dr psychologist psychodynamic orientation dr seen jill spring fall seeing mrs regular intervals mrs reports daughter hair pulling varied intensity course individual therapy gotten worse dr noted symbiotic elements emotional closeness attachment relationship jill mother ended therapy referral behavior modification approach problem jill trichotillomania hair pulling ingrained habit outlasted anxieties originally based referral dr jill seen sessions fall dr reassessed problem rooted mother daughter relationship referred family therapy structural family therapist determine intake notes jill adopted child adoptive father deserted divorced adoptive mother jill
method collecting data family cognitive technique referred circular questioning penn prefer term informing questioning technique helps therapist generate hypotheses function symptom family members stimulating interconnectedness family events behaviors relationships addition questions therapist requests factual information extended family previous generations order develop chronology significant events related symptom formation questioning extended family multigenerational family therapy construction generation genogram guerin pendergast chart map family history reduce anxiety stressed family systems lay groundwork longer term therapy continues symptom relief minimize significance obtaining symptom relief families troubled adolescents believe sustained progress require longer term approach consider initial interview consultation assume contract treatment interview answer questions therapy therapy initiated agency therapist range goals family therapy evaluation needed family interested pursuing therapist recommendations find common mistake inexperienced therapists assume family therapy interview therapeutic process begins family calls agency believe important assume contract therapy explicitly arrived interview
impact historical social change process concerned social historical events occur substantial influence individuals experience events depression war ii economic expansion vietnam war extensive influence living united states events occurring finding adolescents likely identify republican parents republican era political domination democratic era bengtson troll impact historical social change process involves combined effects historical event stage span individuals adolescents turned eighteen age tended influenced differently vietnam war compared turned twelve thirteen age short experiencing historical event late adolescence consequences middle childhood early adolescence early adulthood middle age depending stage span historical events influences interactions relationships individuals experience elder van caspi perspectives span social historical provide important information span perspective frequently pursued approach variety research programs additional issues social historical needed add substantially understanding adolescent development families final issue deserves greater attention concerned developmental processes family systems orientation commonly referred family developmental approach
subject important learning children subject child development past present future read baby development mother womb learning happened read infants learn recognize parents sit crawl stand say da da reading accomplishments person lives astonishing children learn develop ways hard fascinated amazed things common natural child development sun rises sets think sit quietly watch sunrise agree truly grand event pay sunset seen pay child grow develop experienced millions children born grow develop happens easy start believing birth development child special sort boring truth study child development specific reasons learn development memory sight emotions shared common reason study child development important future future loved chapter discuss child development popular field study explore areas child development scientists study methods study child development valuable
average direct cost raising child born iowa age exceed estimates christine denzin extension family economist iowa university ames estimate assumes percent annual inflation rate arrive price tag denzin started cost average total cost raising moderate cost child birth age urban area north central region includes iowa figure based costs goods services according family economics research group department agriculture publishes child raising cost estimates costs slightly rural families included figure actual cost birth savings education high school inflation keeps annual pace percent child referred turns bundle reaches age according calculations accounting total housing period addition shelter figure includes child share utilities household operations furnishings equipment major costs food includes home produced food school lunches transportation figures account percent annual inflation rate housing food transportation major expenses family budgets children present family economist says inflation average percent annually cost raising child born reach price tag average prices family buying practices denzin says
tranquilizers hypnotics drugs rapidly enter body fetus stored brain liver concentration drugs high fetus underdeveloped kidneys poorly babies mothers addicted drugs born tremors shaking overactive scream fitfully lsd hallucinogenic drug absorbed fetus brain animals lsd pregnancy show greater risk dead babies babies tend malformations incomplete growth chromosome damage human mothers took lsd pregnancy borne infants spine bone abnormalities similar related drugs mescaline psilocybin peyote damaging effects known effects drug marijuana developing human fetuses appears marijuana harmed fetal development animals wise expose human fetuses marijuana anesthetics pain killers pregnant women anesthetics high risks spontaneous abortion miscarriage terms refer birth occurs mother body anesthetics birth defects narcotics heroin morphine bad fetus heroin abnormal prenatal growth complications labor birth seventy percent babies born heroin addicts drug withdrawal symptoms resulting symptoms diarrhea anxiousness fits screaming effectively treated physician baby convulsions enter coma die alcohol damage unborn babies severely average drinks devastating effects developing infant pregnant mothers injure infants drinking alcohol influences ways
stages possibility success failure erikson believed failure earlier stage compensated success later stages describe erikson explanation stages emotional social development erikson believed infant needs met warm caring consistent adult infant learn trust quality interactions primary care giver infant important interactions loving responsive trust likely result early needs neglected infant learn mistrust children develop coordination cognitive abilities ages months learn walk talk establish separate parents assertive want try skills parents encourage children develop pace reasonable limits children confident independent autonomy parents overly restrictive ignore development children experience doubt shame age children exercise greater freedom movement initiative means children actively plan try accomplish things explore environment language skills develop high level children able imaginations extensively increased ability explore experience children show initiative eager learn initiate activities need opportunities play discover eagerly want parents criticize belittle activities children develop sense guilt feeling wrong
learning early important success later general suggestions helping children learn suggestions valuable children ages learning situations provide learning activities child level cognitive development child learn fun maria montessori play child children enjoying participating eagerly learning situation sign pushed hard learning situations unpleasant children begin avoid future young children natural desire learn curious experiment environment learning children learn sitting watching listening piaget shown children learn things children helped learn colors going hunting colors drilled flash cards colors hunt involve trip room house location interesting colors children learn sound basis mathematics building blocks takes lot measuring counting balancing problem solving create structure learning facilitated materials children ages provide variety possibilities follow children lead play learn parents present variety things playing dolls water musical toys let children show interests activities stimulate senses help young children learn
respondent learning contributes learned emotional responses pain unlearned stimulus produce variety unlearned responses unpleasant experience pain adrenalin secreted blood causing heart beat faster pound causing feelings hot flashes breathlessness momentary weakness part startle fear reactions unpleasant emotions painful unlearned stimulus previously neutral stimulus neutral stimulus acquire power painful unlearned stimulus happens previously neutral stimulus learned stimulus stimulus produce startle fear reactions presented experiments conducted demonstrate form respondent learning john watson rosalie rayner performed research infants learned fear things today research methods considered unacceptably inhumane allowed watson rayner learned help parents understand avoid learning unnecessary fears children researchers subject month orphan named albert albert tested fearful white rat rabbit dog albert showed fear animals animals neutral stimuli fear response researchers tested albert response loud noise suddenly striking steel bar loud noise frightened albert caused cry loud noise demonstrated unlearned stimulus capable producing unlearned response fear finally albert shown white rat looked rat loud noise sounded
hard imagine raising child need reduce behavior problems parents resist temptation punishment children misbehave section describe effective alternatives considered punishment trying change child behavior parents consider important behavior reduced behaviors negative natural consequences growth bad baby plays safe unbreakable things pan imitation fruit problem children suck thumbs refuse eat parents ask labeled named behavior bad annoying overly sensitive annoyances tired ill worried need child care duties parents conclude behavior problem cases conclude behavior unimportant relabel rename banging pan sign exploratory nature older child unique hairstyle relabeled sign individualism situation problem behavior relabeled major change child produces temporary behavior baby family starting school moving house require period adjustment children cases misbehavior viewed natural reaction stressful
estimated half million half million children physically abused parents united states true figures child abuse forms known child abuse physical nature case children suffer bruises cuts burns broken bones death child abuse emotional occurs parents cold rejecting unloving children parents blame ridicule children extent children show emotional damage sexual abuse occurs adults initiate sexual contact children child neglect form mistreatment children parents provide essentials healthy physical mental development neglectful parents dress child warmly winter provide child innoculation shots common diseases neglectful parents refuse obtain help speech health problems ignore child nutritional hygienic needs child abuse grows discipline methods based primarily physical punishment involving pain parents rely physical punishment methods effective risk physical emotional damage parents accidents injure children adults abuse neglect children abused neglected children abusive adults children expectation children give love respect unreasonable expectations lead strong feelings rejection anger parents children show unhappiness misbehavior abusive neglectful parents show inability run orderly organized home
list criticisms goals objectives parenting criticisms aimed common mistakes parenting think mistakes consider avoid parents overcontrol children overcontrolling children parents freedom grow individuals true unreasonable excessive goals objectives parenting harmful harmful total lack parenting goals objectives overcontrolled children rebel misbehavior overcontrolled children taught hold anger frustration inside result anxious developing physical problems headaches tiredness stomach pains children dependent parents fearful independent situations parents omitted important goal helping children independent hand parents consistent goals objectives children helped learn social control help skills needed friends learned responsibility health cleanliness quality school children fail acquire skills abilities needed wise personal choices lives parents children responsible setting parental goals objectives result children undercontrolled need direction reasonable parenting goals objectives important helping children grow responsible independence parents excessive goals objectives set fail set goals objectives
discomfort teething natural source unhappiness begin early months babies tooth months age children grow teeth bound discomfort fussiness teething infant awaken cry night lose appetite teething infants develop tendency chew nearly parents help massasging infant gums providing rubber teething rings frustrations source unhappiness infant frustrations arise infant begins move infants start reach places order obtain manipulate objects imagine eleven month pulls couch steps carefully nearby table reaches object lose balance fall carpeted floor padded bottom child cry hurt frustrated difficult chain actions purpose reaching object nearly object hand fall frustrating unsuccessful attempts things likely happen child coordination improving child things perfectly natural infants toddlers experience unhappy emotions frustration disappointment young children unhappy struggle fail communicate verbally parents sympathetic problems concern reinforces crying tantrums teach coordination language skills parents advised punish try stop natural displays frustration
estimated divorce rate percent divorce legal ending marriage divorce occurs husband wife children involved effect hard parents talk openly children divorce parents feel anger hurt important cooperate help children deal divorce caring honest discussions children essential help task discussions children likely misjudge happening parents common children feel split parents think save parents marriage beliefs truth takes communication help children understand believe fault parents avoid discussing divorce children children likely feel greater stress anxiety divorce difficult parents children divorced parent rear children likely stressful demanding happily married parents divorced parent child rearing tasks face financial problems individual tough decisions social emotional support caring mate trend changing mother divorce legal custody children court judge legal custody means parent keeps main responsibility rearing children looking welfare
children toss ball short distance age opportunities practice skill early jimmy months mother started playing rolling large soft ball floor jimmy expected catch large ball air parents began simpler version activity ball ten inches diameter light hurt strike face game catch closely resembled handing ball jimmy parents jimmy catching throwing skills increased parents began slowly increase distance jimmy skilled parents slightly smaller ball foam rubber balls excellent teaching children catch children learn catch balls thrown faster greater distances balls regular basketballs footballs regular balls harder handle hurt children children hurt miss catches natural learn dislike playing ball young children encouraged experiment movement action ways running galloping informal uncontrolled play children gain abilities control countless body movements maria mother took parks playgrounds maria met children places play equipment run jump chase free play helped strengthen maria muscles improve coordination
development values morals ending process influenced continually children meet things learn growing ability think reason parents teach values moral behavior children children learn values moral behavior friends teachers writers television movie producers politicians try things parents responsibility help children deal sources influence parents provide set basic values morals guide children relationships parents share concern values morals honesty love family parent teaches values morals unique parent experience environment values morals taught children guidelines helpful parents expect soon children generally egocentric concerned wants ideas strong ideas wrong behaviors ideas closely related consquences mommy hugs share sharing punishes hit brother hitting bad level understanding teaching perfectly young children successful children social experiences increase begin react concepts ideas sharing children gain ability things points view begin judge action wrong based circumstances behavior sickness hunger
research shown simply praising young children sharing things greatly weak approach pre school children share things cases toys treats valuable trade praise young children naturally centered hard understand needs approaches teach sharing children generous successful experiences generous experiencing failure observation suggests reason parents teach effectively provide children successful learning experiences important expect sharing early age children younger generally able share play similar toys enjoy children enjoy toys children show signs ready share important shared item short helps sharing mean real loss important parents model sharing parents find hundreds chances demonstrate sharing slice cake sharing read aloud book help wash dishes actions forms sharing items responsibilities parents label sharing explain show care feelings maria mother explained sharing happy
early childhood program children progress later schooling closely parents parents listening children say observing behavior children mention problem times wise call teacher gain understanding situation children behavior home alarming ways crying stomach aches bedwetting sign trouble school children bring home important information form art projects kindergarten later schooling information form workbooks completed school graded teacher jimmy parents careful show interest congratulate happily told jimmy achievements front taped refrigerator pinned bulletin board jimmy parents noted problems private front discussed problems uncompleted helped problems homework tutoring sessions jimmy parents careful negative labels statements sloppy children tend believe labels hear progress reports differ school school important measure children growth development kindergarten progress reports form checklist divided categories categories social emotional skills shares physical development independence works finishes kindergarten progress report include general comments individual progress grade progress reports include social skills begin emphasize independence study habits progress math reading writing
careers ago careers considerably compare job descriptions job qualifications employment opportunities careful research job titles descriptions potential career choices prepare making important decision government publications provide detailed descriptions job titles publications public libraries dictionary occupational titles dot occupational outlook handbook monthly labor review dictionary occupational titles classifies jobs digit categories according functions duties listed major job categories numerous specific jobs united states figure excerpt dot lists specific jobs general category cashiers tellers dictionary occupational titles consult index locate reference number cashiers tellers jobs divided functions duties description job duties responsibilities occupational outlook handbook yearly publication department labor depth job descriptions includes additional information job opportunities nationwide figure handbook makes reference dot numbers jobs handbook descriptions include topics nature working conditions employment training qualifications job outlook earnings related occupations sources additional information additional statistics graphic information monthly basis monthly labor review articles publication written business teachers researchers government statisticians articles provide current information specific occupation clusters nation
humankind began organization plans control wave labeled agriculture era simple tools machinery limited capital spread villages settlements cultivated land economy based barter dependence nations fortified nations attempted rule progress occupations son father grandfather rich rich inheritance entitled education culture based fishing hunting herding agriculture crude small inefficient tools methods produce food sale grower weapons accurate dependable farm equipment powered animals human beings jobs consisted family operations hard manual labor late seventeenth century wave exhausted exists undeveloped nations africa wave called industrial revolution hit europe giant industrialization swept rapidly nations continents brought factories wages machinery tools equipment automobile airplane steam powered train boat typing machines communications era employment united states caught quickly began factories tools production declaring independence resources natural manufactured advantage coming ago united states rose industrial giant built steel mills auto plants textile factories railroads food processing plants wave reached peak industrially developed nations completely run course
help wanted ads classified section local newspaper consist job openings area descriptions positions salary ranges keeping close watch ads tell job enters market quick respond employers employment agencies advertise job openings attract qualified applicants asked send letter application resume employer granted interview chapter learn prepare letter application resume yellow pages telephone book alphabetic subject listing businesses advertising services looking job field determine subject heading type classified heading find list companies help begin job search want send letters application resumes listed asking considered opening companies government offices schools place job opening announcements bulletin boards circulate company post special locations checking places give inside information apply position persons apply job opening advantage apply minute finding getting job happen accident takes hard careful planning deal important put sufficient effort ensure job enjoy stay dissatisfaction leads frequent job changing damage employment chances future
agree perform job tasks exchange financial remuneration called gross pay optional required benefits employment gross pay total agreed rate pay salary deductions person working month agreed salary gross pay hourly wage overtime hours computations determine amount gross pay figure paid hour record hours worked number hours multiplied rate determine amount gross pay person working hour works hours week earn gross pay multiplied hours overtime defined hours worked addition regular hours standard workday continuous hours allowed breaks unpaid lunch period standard workweek hours period hours according fair labor standards act overtime paid rate half times regular rate pay regular rate pay hour overtime rate hour times person regular week hours hour hour overtime gross pay computed follows paid set amount month cases regular hours receive additional pay overtime
employmenit opportunties involve union membership participation professional organization requirement employment unions units groups joined common purpose labor unions groups similar occupations organized benefit employees occupations unions organized united states early late unions local units organized skilled craftspeople protect competition untrained unskilled workers american federation labor afl organized samuel gompers served president early unions power national labor relations act wagner act gave unions organize bargain employers john lewis president union congress industrial organizations cio unions continued grow number power size congress passed labor management relations act commonly called taft hartley act labor management relations act passed limit powers unions curb strikes afl cio merged leadership george meany largest powerful union united states importance labor unions american measured numbers workers unions nonunion employers influenced standards set union agreements employers employees reap benefits unionization belong union labor unions major functions recruitment members collective bargaining support political candidates favorable union provision support services members including employment job transfer membership employment credentials education
price involved called consideration consideration form object money promise performed act person receive give return contract enforceable idea consideration party agreement receives buy pair shoes shoes store money shoes money items consideration competent parties persons legally able give sane intelligent assent unable protect mental deficiency illness incapable understanding consequences actions held contracts protected entering agreements prove interests minors considered competent parties held contracts exception generally person older mentally deficient considered competent married persons age considered competent enter agreements persons older considered legally competent declared incompetent court law purpose legally enforceable contract lawful nature court law require person perform agreed act illegal lawful objective agreement binding effect person contract stated length contract exist contract purchase home agreed period money remains due owing payment contract considered fulfilled
federal income tax return completed ink typed errors omissions booklets provided irs line line instructions explain section type income deduction preparation tax returns simple process directions inserting information unsigned tax return returned taxpayer refund issued joint return prepared spouses sign line line instructions filling form form highlights instructions paragraphs fill address social security number check yes box want presidential election campaign fund line enter total wages salaries tips shown form line enter interest earned savings accounts add lines enter total line line charitable contributions deduction limited percent contributions qualified organizations amount line married couple filing separately line subtracted line difference entered line personal exemption line subtract amount line result taxable income line line enter total federal tax withheld shown forms line enter tax owe based taxable income look amount taxable income amount tax owe tax tables
main financial institutions found cities include commercial banks savings banks savings loan associations credit unions brokerage firms prefer checking savings accounts bank ease transferring funds making deposits withdrawals commercial banks offer convenience customers form services accounts services include automatic cash transfer accounts bank cards hour teller machines overdraft protection free services ninety percent banks insured fdic large commercial banks states branch banking legal branches ease deposits withdrawals commercial banks nationally chartered chartered large banks able offer services customers generally minimum deposits fees higher rates offered savings accounts vary commercial banks commercial banks savings banks savings loan associations credit unions savings banks referred mutual savings banks financial institutions number roughly dozen states england northeast substantial size nearly billion assets savings banks chartered insured fdic major business savings banks savings plans loans real property including mortgages home improvement loans deregulation banking industry savings banks offer checking accounts types consumer loans savings loan associations organized primarily handle savings lend money associations percent home mortgage loans money deposited savings accounts loaned purchasing homes making home improvements
regular passbook accounts withdrawal penalties deposits withdrawals convenience depositors withdraw certificates maturity date penalized months interest lost month certificate month interest lost certificates months ira account partially fully withdrawn age interest loss months percent penalty addition income previously set ira taxable immediately recall subtracted taxable income tax returns cash management money market accounts carry early withdrawal penalties money withdrawn full part provided rules met type account institution controlled rules open account sure read carefully minimum deposit withdrawal restrictions special conditions exist important save save regularly saving regularly accounts accumulate interest pay interest interest greatly increase earnings figure illustrates effect compounding regular deposits savings obviously savings plan effective willpower set money forego purchases order provide future ways regular savings easier including automatic payroll deductions savings clubs automatic checking account deductions money withheld paycheck directly savings account bills expenses paid pay money set reaches checkbook easier forget budget expenses remainder difficulty
borrow money charge account pay purchases taking advantage commonly method purchase united states credit buy agree pay later borrow money promise pay later credit privilege charging purchases accepting loan pay interest finance charge estimated percent purchases united states credit need credit arose united states country grew bartering trading society currency exchange economy historians credit transition industrial revolution period items manufactured sale produce longer americans began dependent family wholly supporting growing food providing clothing shelter family heads began earn wages soon need developed sources credit help families meet financial needs consumer credit begun earliest forms credit account local mercantile general store wage earner farmer pick supplies put amount due account accounts accumulate month season paycheck received crop harvested account paid full charging process begin interest rarely charged customers known business owner offered credit
ability repay loan payments merchandise present income known capacity creditors want money left month fixed expenses met pay credit debts property assets total debts known capital words add assets subtract owe liabilities difference net worth capital sufficient ensure payment bill existing debts stability employment personal factors factors affect person ability desire meet financial obligations important conditions considered person moved times past considered risk living conditions type problem property possessions mortgaged security payment debt known collateral debt paid agreed collateral repossessed sold pay debt person ability wise decisions referred common sense loan officer credit manager determine common sense based answer questions orally writing decisions reflected answers reasons leaving employment number types credit cards balance outstanding references listed application credit applicant meets qualifications considered worthy credit applicant shown willingness ability pay bills acceptable responsible manner started credit
number credit laws enacted recent primarily consumer protection purposes provide assistance consumers credit laws summarized paragraphs denied credit based credit bureau report inaccurate information file denial fair credit reporting act file seen file listing requests file credit purposes months employment purposes credit file charge days credit denial small fee charged event want file reason inaccurate information investigated corrected deleted file report furnished creditors information essentially correct write statement giving side story statement added file fair credit reporting act creditors resolve billing errors period statement itemized bill showing charges credits payments posted account billing period suppose monthly statement shows purchases charged items returned billed merchandise ordered received creditors required written policy correction errors believe error bill act immediately write bill
thing change fortunately living era technological choice scarcity choices previous era wide range opportunities solutions problems technology comes complication sophistication duplication hesitation look telecommunications improved greatly fiber optics transmit sounds form rapid pulses light strands pure glass thin human hair half inch cable miles tiny optical fibers runs york washington cable carry simultaneous conversations plans underway install fiber optic cables undersea united states europe japan majority americans soon faced vast technological advances telecommunications standard telephone console computer terminal need text pictures viewed video screen attached phone additional data delivered electronically automatic transmission devices allow insert device document written english delivered minutes distant point translated japanese vietnamese arabic advances close reality lives economic potential limitless says william mcgowan chairman mci communications telecommunications business today don need losers winners react rapid inevitable major technological advances occurring daily promise faster expensive efficient models
understand nature stress study characteristics experience stress stress things natural chain internal events affect health influenced personal differences affects activities manageable decisions face consequences choices stress essential ingredient lives stress choices wrong decisions worry results gather needed information precautions body reacts automatic nervous system known endocrine system brain communicates need reactions chemical reactions plan stressed situation happens body reactions thoughts doctors report physical ailments diseases high blood pressure heart disease stress related sicknesses caused worsened presence stressors person stressors real imaginary illness physical reaction body real stress caused insignificant person big stressor person stressful insignificant stress reason perception happening significant happening factors heredity physical conditioning environment personal coping abilities training influence effects stress mental physical abilities stress affect job performance relationships personal feelings worth job satisfaction
personal need plans future atmospheres advanced high tech personalized need find ways express find fulfillment personal lives important plans future personal goals fall rely expression addition meeting needs maslow hierarchy find fulfillment satisfaction personal pursuits leisure activities include physical fitness programs crafts hobbies recreation exercise programs begun young carry middle age individual group activities chosen shape want consider skiiing hunting camping hiking jogging bicycling dancing health club plans keeping physically fit help feel shape future learn create things small large projects bring satisfaction consider pottery painting cabinet making crocheting needlepoint sewing making toys dolls gadgets free limited later retirement energy desire learn skills hobby provide pleasure retirement vacation times weekends plan meaningful outings recreation important attitudes enables physically mentally readjust thinking attitude recreation restful relaxing avoid returning exhausted trips vacations outings families participation community activities examples want consider
high school student bill brown earned money mowing lawns weeding gardens graduation obtained job manufacturing company later bought house suburban neighborhood bill large garden yard worked evening bill decided garden tool thinking welding skills learned father tool removing weeds gardens lawns wooden handle size garden hoe months bill minor tool bill excited garden tool developed started small business quantities hired part employees shop bill brother jim agreed sell product lawn garden supply store bill want contact stores sure supply tools brother store heavy selling season bill dismay garden tools sold months stocked displayed jim store bill sales calls stores discovered interest product bill knew problem realized paid lot attention design product attention marketing ultimate consumers persons households buy products services personal family convenience term consumers referring ultimate consumers makes consumer
study marketing important reasons marketing impact economy offers career opportunities help informed consumer marketing important part nation economy impact quality lives increases vast quantities products services american business produce americans enjoy products services considered luxuries countries air conditioning granted modern necessities purified water paved roads sophisticated medical technology unknown developing countries marketing stimulates research change result products services companies successful selling products services need hire employees jobs provide incomes workers means buy need comfortable chance classmates careers marketing marketing occupations account large proportion jobs country include employees wholesale retail service transportation storage companies includes employed marketing departments extractive manufacturing construction businesses demand marketing personnel remains strong employment outlook areas force dim choose career directly related marketing occasions find working marketing product designer closely marketing architect marketing professionals designing marketing facilities retail stores shopping centers warehouses
history shows american economy experiences periods growth upswings times interrupted business declines roller coaster traveling track economy travels cycles fluctuations shifts impact marketing business cycle consists alternating periods expansion contraction economic activities production employment income business cycle phases prosperity recession depression recovery prosperity period high economic activity profits consumer confidence capital investment money invested business employment high interest rates low moderate levels recession marked decline level economic activity business firms begin delay expansion plans unemployment increases buying power decreases confidence economy declines consumers cut purchases major items houses cars appliances lowest level economic activity business cycle called depression unemployment number business failures high consumers unwilling unable buy products services investment low recovery business cycle phase economy moves recession depression prosperity increase business activity business firms begin invest money plants equipment hire employees consumers confident economy consumer spending especially expensive items houses cars increases banks willing loans marketing escape effects business cycle products services affected economic change ways economic declines consumers price conscious buying cars cars repaired
career sustaining jobs require education training experience entry level jobs provide full employment jobs category require understanding marketing functions knowledge products services marketed jobs involve greater responsibility entry level jobs held individuals commitment career successful performance career sustaining level lead higher level position increased earning power examples job titles category full retail salesperson hotel motel front desk manager automobile salesperson parts salesperson leasing agent display person waiter waitress cashier checkout person route salesperson supermarket department manager restaurant host hostess loan collection clerk bank teller door door salesperson travel agent typical job descriptions career sustaining job titles follow hotel motel front desk manager performs variety duties guests hotel motel motor lodge condominium hotel registers assigns rooms guests dates sorts racks incoming mail messages transmits receives telephone messages information hotel services computes bill collects payment guests makes confirms reservations supervise workers travel agent plans travel schedule arranges accommodations customers travel agency customer travel information makes suggestions recommendations calculates cost travel accommodations business machines computer terminals tariff books hotel rate books makes transportation hotel reservations writes tickets collects payment retail salesperson sells merchandise customers answers questions products prices accepts payment makes change writes charge sales demonstrate products handles items exchanges merchandise keeps area neat shelves adequately stocked responsibilities vary type merchandise sold type retail business
order solve specific problems decisions marketing personnel collect record analyze marketing information activity called marketing research marketing research essential businesses meet needs customers remain competitive profitable marketing research organized finding answers questions solutions problems ongoing activity business enterprise markets goods services businesses sizes conduct marketing research order improve quality marketing decisions decisions range informal simple routine complex nonrepetitive large businesses operate national regional level marketing research department plan carry marketing research projects departments employ marketing researchers responsible collecting analyzing marketing information large businesses frequently employ specialized research consultants conduct research special problems employ technical specialists collect information customer interviews tabulate data small businesses separate marketing research departments rely salespeople marketing managers conduct research marketing employees levels responsible collecting marketing information manager travel agency recently suffered sales decline decide send questionnaires past present customers attempt learn reasons purchasing fewer travel services cashier enters stock classification numbers cash register merchandise sold sales records generated cash register provide management information merchandise selling reordered insurance agent promoting insurance plan required provide written reports insurance company home office concerning sales resistance customers plan
step marketing research process obvious overlooked important step discover source determine exact nature problem symptoms find problem decrease sales volume defining problem listing symptom step marketing research process problem clearly accurately stated order determine issues involved questions asked types information collected defining problem critical step hurried order finish research problem formally defined assess ability reach solution information need find solution obvious problem defined solution clear information readily need collect additional data required information obtained internal business records sales staff costs acquiring additional information weighed potential usefulness information needed order resolve problem facts compare sets facts plans collect additional information needed research plan include listing sources information techniques required collect tentative plans analyzing resulting data basic research plan outlined information collected
happens thousands cities towns united states salesperson automobile dealer showroom hands keys car proud buyer signifies completion retail sale person bought car personal family mental image scene vast number sales transactions required produce car easy imagine occur marketing products services businesses link chain marketing connects provide product service buy buyers divided large groups consumers industrial users consumers persons households purchase products services satisfy personal needs wants industrial users industrial users businesses institutions buy products services operations resell produce products provide services products services purchased industrial users called industrial products services industrial marketing marketing products services industrial users unaware significance industrial market market huge terms total sales volume number business firms involved estimated half manufactured products sold industrial users addition fourths farm products nearly products sea mines forests processed eventually industrial products finally businesses exist today providers industrial services size complexity industrial market illustrated large number transactions involved production marketing single product
industrial market differs consumer market ways unique characteristics industrial market derived demand fluctuating demand small number buyers demand means amount product service willing able buy demand determined business decide products services provide demand industrial products services called derived demand amount purchased determined demand related products services demand sheet metal derived demand products sheet metal demand machines cut material number tires purchased automobile manufacturer depends number cars demanded consumers industrial users demand elevators derived demand multistory buildings derived sale goods demand industrial products services fluctuate violently pace business activity instance car sales brisk automakers continually order tires tire manufacturers maintain inventory warehouses automobile manufacturer experiences slowing car sales tire orders reduced canceled automaker reduce size tire inventory demand product decline sharply tire manufacturer close plants plants reopened automobile sales rebound demand tires begins increase consumer products services purchased millions individuals households number customers type industrial product service limited industrial product service small number industries vertical market
planning vacation family decide betsy board kennel kennel charge dollars teenagers buy fast food automobiles automobile insurance records clothing approach twenties teenagers begin think future careers plans education acquire job training marketers believe habit buying products brand developed teenage teenagers regularly television magazine advertisements young adults buy products services needed set household household consists persons unit consume products services households formed young leave home move apartments houses spouse roommate households needs requires furniture appliances cooking utensils curtains draperies comfort convenience purchases addition expense renting apartment buying house condominium young middle aged adults spend money replacing items furniture appliances bought twenties look larger homes build additions present homes buy additional cars young middle aged adults interested purchasing providing additional insurance annuities retirement planning services consumers older middle aged segment financially secure peak earning power uncommitted leisure additional spending power children left home financially independent older middle aged adults prime purchasers high priced high quality products services
advertising part lives helps inform educate entertain look aware products services result advertising decided buy brand influence advertising obviously considerations need color cost involved advertising impact decision buy product service advertising important business activity ancient times town criers proclaimed messages produced consume announced sales livestock agricultural products called rhymes slogans tradespeople realized letting wares development signs provided form advertising sign potential customers idea nature business advent printing press subsequent development newspapers businesses found communicate large numbers potential buyers advertising permanent feature american business system development radio reach large numbers potential customers instantaneously gave voice advertising nationwide marketing fact television provided addition moving pictures gave advertisers greater impact communications developments meant advertising presented newspapers magazines allowed display products detailed descriptions limited thirty seconds minute radio advertisers convey important product service benefits features television allowed advertisers display explain product manner similar door door salesperson presentation advertising vital ingredient american economic system
advertising budget set broken planned monthly expenditures companies base monthly advertising budgets anticipated sales volume month sales estimates based previous sales records projected increases decreases contributed percent sales expected business plan spend percent advertising budget business base monthly advertising program anticipated sales month christmas season exception monthly budgeting approach retail mail order businesses generate percent annual sales christmastime unwise spend percent advertising budget month december budget allocations vary objectives business established advertising program special holiday sales events grand openings clearance sales promotional activities impact advertising budget allocated advertising completely controllable business expense means owner manager control planning accurate record keeping amount money spent advertising means advertising budget adjusted reason budget adjustments required response actions competitors changing economic conditions owner manager track advertising expenditures monthly tabulation record shown page completed monthly tabulation record provide information advertising account planned expenditure month actually spent planned date expenditure date amount spent
public relations total process building goodwill business part customers employees suppliers stockholders creditors community government direct selling products services primary objective public relations activities undertaken order build positive image business businesses employ specialists perform public relations duties marketing worker contact customers company opportunity help business develop maintain positive image indirectly involved public relations public relations differs advertising business attempts send free promotional messages groups public relations activities undertakes activities considered part public relations include membership active participation civic organizations provide community services lobbying local federal legislation affect business preparing news releases local national media show business favorable light involvement participation special events sponsorship summer special olympics program dealing efficiently fairly customers negative experience business similar activities considered part public relations major goals public relations activities determine public attitude business create program help develop desired reputation public relations concerned maintaining goodwill business part groups customers employees stockholders creditors community government public relations department leading role helping local city government sponsor downtown renovation project
states maintain number offices provide placement services job counseling aptitude testing persons seeking employment services free agencies deal entry level positions require minimal job skills agencies found medium sized large cities profit oriented means charge fee placement services fee paid job seeker percentage month wages earned placement employer searching uniquely qualified individual offer pay placement fee positions referred fee paid private employment agencies employment agencies offer job counseling aptitude testing friends relatives sources job information advertised unadvertised job openings friend relative able give information job advertised high schools offer type placement service students designated individual channels job announcements students register service large companies visit schools order recruit qualified job candidates full positions job opportunities high school placement offices part entry level positions cold canvassing technique finding job openings employment specific organization requires job seeker contact phone letter person large number prospective employers technique effective telephone business directories help identify types marketing businesses interested contacting ability write letter application important job search skill
marketing employer expect coworkers supervisors subordinates getting environment requires human relations skills considering employee promotion question asked supervisors qualifications person question person completely effective relationships room improvement constantly try maintain improve human relations skills suggestions help begin marketing career show respect interest workers supervisor subordinates customers marketing jobs involve working team effort required enable business reach goals realization team concept active partcipation team member important ability workers important human relations skill remembering think act alike help think differently praise compliment workers supervisors helpful sincere praise emphasize positive things overuse important tool feel important avoid gossiping sides makes mistakes avoid making excuses admit errors blaming display willingness follow directions listen learn marketing employers look employees think solve problems apply sound decision making skills problems occur job oriented task oriented
finish high school number ways continue marketing education training marketing programs courses offered colleges public schools employers community junior colleges generally offer specialized marketing programs enroll fashion merchandising banking finance retail merchandising transportation management hotel motel management food service management types programs institutions enroll selected marketing courses classes offered evening marketing programs popular colleges collegiate business schools offer bachelor degree business major marketing programs include core classes accounting business law economics management statistics finance production variety specialized marketing classes marketing principles marketing research logistics consumer behavior retail management sales management marketing strategy continue marketing education adult education programs offered local school districts community colleges adult marketing programs lead formal degree provide variety classes designed help advance career business firms offer internal training programs programs short feature training specific marketing techniques supply current information products services internal training programs term prepare employees entry level management positions types programs referred management training programs
free enterprise system encouraged entrepreneurs persons willing invest money turn ideas profits seeking million boss venturing growing numbers entrepreneurs bringing products services marketplace helping create jobs selling innovation profit idea thomas edison commercial innovator invented light bulb phonograph pursuit silver dollar consider things modern entrepreneurs laser optical scanner personal computer turbojet engine insulin penicillin fm radios zippers ball point pens velcro strips fast food restaurants early paper route days teenager patricia henriques dreamed owning business today operates successful business management alternatives managerial consulting services lawyers accountants doctors success steven job steven apple computer classical story commercial innovation company public young multimillionaires teresita carlos deupi fled cuba applied talent ambition architectural training founding deupi associates commercial design firm country top interior design firms annual sales million john halamka age built computer sold later senior stanford university headed customized tax accounting software firm colossus computers sales
able identify economy read types selected market economy correct main differences economic systems involve owns economic resources makes decisions production distribution system fits definition market economy system economic decisions freely buyers sellers marketplace economic system labels capitalism identify economic system united states term refers fact economic resources owned individuals government resources privately owned individual owners free decide produce freedom individual choose produce rationale names economy free enterprise system private enterprise system terms market system capitalism free enterprise system private enterprise system mean thing system economic resources privately owned decisions production distribution largely free exchange marketplace term private enterprise system emphasized discussion things economic system systems aware words freedom individual choice frequently discussing economy let examine major features private enterprise system business establishment enterprise supplies goods services exchange payment form individual choose business business enter produce limited government direction referred private enterprise
career american free enterprise system want interest acquire training corporate executive crossword puzzle maker professional clown choice unit text help prepare choice outlining career opportunities area discussed unit unit introduces economics system career section focus economics profession called economists job titles commonly found career area include economics profession small economists employed half government agencies remaining taught economics colleges universities average growth number jobs expected reaching competition jobs economics keen especially teaching number jobs expected decline jobs government research consulting computers continue impact economics profession provided economists information rapid speeds information resource economists economists strong backgrounds math computers ability analyze numerical data job opportunities future economists study society scarce resources natural human capital provide goods services analyze interpret research find ways resources produce distribute goods services measure economic growth learned chapter
computer tell unfortunately computers understand english talk computer learn simple computer language computer language system letters words numbers symbols talk computer computer experts devised computer languages examples include fortran cobol basic pascal sample program written basic printed output shown page figure lists known computer languages ways communicate computer knowing computer language add extras home system computer add disk drive allow store data magnetic disk read computer memory later small soft plastic disks stored protective covers names disks diskettes floppies flexible disks floppy disk oxide coated plastic disk looks phonograph record popular storage disk floppy hold large amount information data part disk quickly displayed screen enter correct command number ways enter data computer keyboarding commonly method keyboarding entering letters numbers symbols terminal keyboard keeping eyes copy visual display terminal ways keyboarding enter data computer mouse hand held device point command visual display terminal
shape career america continues offer thousands career opportunities jobs emerge individual opportunities instance job fast food restaurant lead management provide experience need begin franchise business later success stories drawn actual experiences force stories include women ages read case studies notice person saw opportunity student developed system prevent illegal duplication computer programs invention brought earnings week visions future enterprises young assembly line worker determination careful planning country black car dealership owners operates job training program hires undereducated minimum wage free job training variety trades successful business person cares enjoying success young woman called cushy job left job borrowed large sum money opened travel agency dreamed agency soon opened automobile accident result injuries wear braces crutches walk spite handicap business going fact began specialize travel tours accommodate disabled persons offered needed service business earns million
jamie johnson walked employment office obviously nervous getting bad start jamie consistent traits looked application form asked social security number worked names addresses employers jamie tried think answers unprepared questions appeared application question job desired pay expected jamie decided leave office quietly tracy wilson looked job application form began filling asked printing typing printed neatly tracy personal data sheet included names addresses employers dates worked names addresses permission personal references filling application form tracy read sure completed item handed personnel supervisor told wait minutes interview waiting tracy read pamphlets gave information company operation think likely job jamie tracy jamie needs prepared applies job preparation step getting started career actually kind career career student job school important later begin full career record building student attendance courses grades earn activities participate someday considered employer
addition convenience paying checking account safety advantages lot money hand risk losing fire theft carelessness money home greater temptation spend needlessly checking account need cash hand small purchases safety feature safely send check mail cashed person business payable safe send cash mail lost recover check lost mail replaced cost learned chapter money deposit bank safe bank member federal deposit insurance corporation account insured check bank deposit money fdic bank deposit money savings loan firm verify member fslic caution applies deposit money find kind insurance protection money advantage paying check cashed check legal proof payment suppose write check month pay tennis lessons indoor tennis fitness center center deposit check bank center bank send check bank subtracted account
sure friedman able cash check miss brooks special full endorsement endorsement places words pay order alan friedman signature shown figure friedman sign check cashed restrictive endorsement limits check purpose endorsement checks want mail bank write deposit signature figure restricted check deposited account check endorsement lost cashed finder businesses rubber stamps imprint restrictive endorsements require checks deposited accounts business risk loss unauthorized person stamp endorse check endorsing check payee cashes deposits bank payee transfer check person turn transfer person transfers check required endorse endorsement promise check paid actual checks multiple endorsements rare endorsement serves promise receive check endorsement written apply persons held check endorsement suppose jean whitfield signs check sam corbett corbett endorses earl foster
buying telegraphic money order buy message directing telegraph office pay sum money person situation urgent jack trippett telegraphic money order mainly emergency money delivered quickly suppose agnes wilcox school band trip pasadena california miles home loses wallet money agnes phone parents requesting spending money rest trip telegraphic money order money fast father pay handling fee telegraph office dundee illinois telegram shown figure ordering pasadena telegraph office pay agnes message promptly agnes money soon call telegram sure person money test question free sender choose ask personal question father birthday agnes father tell clerk answer question order money agnes give pasadena clerk correct answer wilcox request report money paid agnes service pay additional fee charge message telegraphic money order sending money expensive considers cost telegrams ways cost money order form payment emergency
revolving charge account popular form credit revolving charge account purchases charged part debt paid month similar open account added features limit total amount owed payment required month total amount owed need paid interest charge added total amount paid revolving charge accounts convenient tempt overspend interest charged unpaid balances high percent month higher commonly low priced frequently purchased items revolving accounts expensive watch charges payments carefully customers pay full amount due remain debt periods special charge account responsible teenagers accounts limit amount charged generally parent agree pay teenager parent account firm granting credit teenager receives credit identification card charge purchases permission parents teenage charge accounts open revolving give teenagers freedom buying privilege wisely experience credit consumers today credit card charge accounts fact million charge cards recent accounts cards set banks oil companies business firms specialize granting credit special purposes travel entertainment
larry brown boy growing clairton pennsylvania friends guessed someday write publish autobiography doubted biography citation distinguished publication corporate black america happen larry brown liked sports worked hard capacity winner evident early football important impressive high school football record helped lead brown collegiate program dodge city junior college kansas university performance gridiron significant caught attention professional football scouts graduating kansas university brown began professional football career joined washington redskins national football league brown career professional football distinguished elected captain team received honors player gave football career career americans larry brown leaving career professional football turned finance prepared professional football joined investment firm hutton company financial management advisor brown displayed talent achievement drew professional football experience developed national football league investment program larry brown drive dedication professional pursuits accompanied desire improve quality alert human needs helps meet needs autobiography reflects dedication excellence achievement aspects
savings institutions earn money deposits kinds invesments amount earn depends part money invest invest large deposits leave money account periods special accounts require minimum deposit agree leave amount deposit months savings institution earn higher yields investments pay higher interest rates special account special savings accounts names institutions amount interest earned varies bit earn higher rate interest special conditions need mind minimum deposit required money left deposit period period varies days money withdrawn stated interest lost penalties assessed figure lists variety special savings accounts note minimum deposits required length deposits stay financial institution yield savings plans figure shows bank advertises savings plans note variation compounding interest accessibility funds special fees paid account combination savings account checking account interest paid amount left deposit generally maintain minimum balance account earn interest
someday job titles country computer operator police officer store clerk factory worker regardless job contribute basic economic resource labor worker concerned things salary level opportunities career advancement goals labor achieved combined efforts workers business contributions workers society vital economic growth presented chapter labor includes women involved obtaining products nature converting raw materials products selling products providing services supervising managing human effort involved production goods services labor types economic resources needed production natural resources capital resources human resources labor needed resources believe important resource labor tools machinery buildings created labor equipment produce goods services consumers defined chapter force includes older holds job seeking job business million individuals country report workers employed full part business industry government force includes professional doctors lawyers teachers employed farmers small business owners economy mainly agricultural businesses small owners hired workers problems salary working conditions settled owner worker
collective bargaining process successful party willing compromise actions result procedures workers management encourage settlement differences workers dissatisfied management contract offer vote strike strike refusal demands met strike affects workers paid business items sell consumers needed goods services recent transit strike buses trains subways operate find ways getting needed suffer strike resort strikes union members carry signs site publicize complaints called picketing picketing encourage support customers members unions refuse business company picketed action labor boycott boycott refusal workers handle buy products company involved labor disagreement boycott type consumer action consumers believe business unfair workers refuse buy company products workers strike company actions business try operate usual hiring employees referred strikebreakers strikebreakers jobs require special training experience management close facilities attempt put pressure striking union action called lockout
read unit find wondering involved government directly employee career category offers variety employment opportunities working government million employed local federal governments job opportunities include teachers postal workers accountants computer programmers custodians clerical employees variety government careers wide private business million government jobs created number federal government employees remain fairly constant local government agency workers needed population grows want public services government careers especially demand office workers maintenance employees technical skills areas engineering computers law types government jobs describe let look find interesting city manager health inspector local government officials responsible coordination operations city called city managers public administrators city manager works closely mayor city council major duty city manager handling finances tax money collected bills paid addition city managers departments provide police fire protection education traffic control government services city managers responsible preparation budgets creation future plans writing reading reports major part job career local government administrator requires hours meetings department heads community groups
unique unique means kind person exactly exactly person identified series parts individual parts similar parts put unique parts identify person uniqueness called traits characteristics examples traits charactertistics include height weight color hair color eyes traits characteristics trait brown hair unique parts complete put total picture image unique traits characteristics keys describe individual traits identified data data items data basic raw facts traits data item data items add information putting information combination group data items meaning information developed data data items include feet inches tall brown hair pounds brown eyes gather collect data items type enter data input mind mind combines compares items held storage memory processing complete mind delivers outputs result represents information information meaning communicate information results processing data items describing person susan schecter
computers vital tools doctors health care professionals health care involves full job keeping healthy taking care ill addition doctors health care professionals include nurses laboratory technicians specialists computers improve health save lives modern ray examinations controlled computers blood tests laboratory faster accurately computer controls bodies persons special hospital care connected computer monitors sign trouble computer sounds alarm chance experience computerized health care visit doctor hospitalized computers certainly put help computers important tools police officers firefighters protection safety police agencies local national levels computerized files files connected terminals police cars enable officers enter information suspects answers inquiry license number car computer let officer car stolen crime computer files police records persons wanted crimes information job vital officer safety firefighters assisted computers cities fire engines computer devices send signals traffic lights route engines lights turn green firefighters red cross streets firefighters move destinations faster greater safety
words numbers developed tools communication general words communicate ideas images numbers hand communicate data information based data situations words language numbers mathematics needed communication situations translations needed languages words english language mathematics computers frequently requires statements problems words solutions problems numbers statements words describe problems requiring mathematics solution read problems carefully restate solve problem numbers game jose bat times hit season date jose batted times hits determine jose batting average season language mathematics divide carry answer decimal places conduct business transactions buy sell transaction need words tell party want numbers closing sale fast food outlet order hamburger large soft drink french fries person counter repeat words sales register display numbers register enter sales tax bought numbers determine owe including tax pay purchase
minicomputers increased demand computers helping reduce costs computing power deliveries computers soared annual shipments computers grew thousands tens thousands hundreds thousands greater growth lay ahead late microcomputer personal computer introduced microcomputer fact built microchips microprocessors personal computers named fact individual complete control full computer needed equipment single desk top introduction microcomputers information age extended individual homes offices individuals computers homes study centers letter writing personal records microcomputers entertainment form computer games addition microcomputer major force shaping live millions microcomputers installed factories offices short predicted personal computers automobiles level deliveries approaches computers begun affect lives part modern computers processing data developing information applies home workplace manufactured products incorporate computers help drive car cook food provide entertainment trends continue information increasingly important part personal working lives home computers tools create information society term information society describes situation information knowledge things
remember data processor data processor follow steps perform functions part everyday experience think happens typical school learning situation students data processors students receive input teachers teachers present information classroom lectures inputs involve homework assignments inputs recorded individual student data processor form written notes school situation storage achieved input processed lecture notes homework assignments stored note paper brain processes information hear notes retrieved processing needed students individual systems arranging notes students dividers arrange notes order according course subjects students let notes stay written leaves scrambling entire notebook process information main need processing occurs students review notes connection school typical reasons processing involve studying tests completing homework assignments school situation outputs familiar outputs form test papers outputs include written compositions class recitations involved data processing buy consider business transaction simple buying hamburger fast food outlet situation user served system counterperson data processor supply input place order pay
familiar computers information processing storage capabilities increasingly important early days attention focused processing idea issue paychecks write bills handle transactions data stored ongoing stored data limited recall major breakthrough information processing occurred random access storage systems find individual data items needed compare data items combine information special capabilities analysis data reviewed meaning trends managers compare data month month information files tools running business point discovered stored data information assets business asset item article money asset buildings machinery business assets stored data running business recognized assets major information system today lies stored files planning jobs computers perform centers frequently content information files information systems able prform important functions files store write retrieve read store function places data storage later computer systems store function involves recording data storage media medium device material data stored media include paper documents computers popular media tapes disks store function involves recording data usable form tapes disks specific media
inspection proofing method output created data capture output referred proof proof listing proof listing read carefully compared source documents errors marked proof listing basis correction corrections data capture media computer input balancing method totals fields groups records compared totals match balance data capture operation accepted totals balance typically method applied fields data amount information balancing standard procedure capture data bank deposits deposit slips checks collected tellers batches typically batch control batch source items items totaled printed tape adding machine calculator attached data deposit slips checks captured special machines produce batch totals totals match data released computer input program computers verify inputs entered method discussions follow principle basic information systems method system verify accuracy reliability inputs methods capture data source documents wide range individual methods fall basic categories preprinted documents point sale imprinting handwritten documents turnaround documents common examples preprinted data capture documents checks deposit slips issued banks
earlier services computers likened utilities computer regarded device generates processing power viewpoint similar thinking utility service operates generators deliver electric power feature computer utility users consumers processing plug service customers computer utilities computer terminals happens electric utility customers toasters lights refrigerators user working directly computer terminal complete data capture data entry single operation assume secretary desk top computer write letter keystrokes entered text displayed video screen terminal true desk top computer large central system principle remains secretary letter displayed screen considered data capture text displayed corrections entry command operator accepted text entered entry involves reading text computer writing file device personal computers inputs written diskettes larger systems common storage medium disk file situation entry text screen data capture reading reviewed text diskette completes data entry special feature terminal operation data capture data entry part operation type direct keyboard input called line entry turn line entry known interactive processing
major area processor main memory area referred primary storage type reference devices tape disk drives called secondary storage main memory considered kind reservoir supports cpu reservoir holding area water supply systems towns cities reservoirs water needed drawn reservoir system processor requires supply data processors operate billionths memory supply data billionths main memory super high speed data reservoir main memory storage specialist concentrates supporting processor data stored tape disk peripherals computers devices fast support processor typical computer main memory operates times faster disk device speed essential productivity computer deliver suppose took times deliver needed data processor effect mean processor idle waiting data seconds intolerable data reservoir direct support part computer processor main challenges faced computer makers centered size speed main memories early memories contained miles wires hundreds thousands tiny electromagnets magnets doughnut shaped crisscrossed wires data memorized magnetically applying current magnets called cores construction early memories called core storage
option printing outputs paper data generated computers recorded microfilm microfilm photographic material data recorded recording cameras special laser devices procedure similar printing photographic recording replaces images paper textual graphic outputs recorded microfilm process producing microfilm output called computer output microfilm com com devices record data rolls film sheets sheets microfilm hold tiny images called fiche microfilm fact images produced small cases pictures small read human eye microfilm special readers special projectors produce enlarged images video screens main microfilm saving space rolls film hold documents complete file cabinet addition microfilm images permanent paper documents deteriorate microfilming record documents file permanently transmissions computers major factors telephone communication networks computers introduced transmissions text data major activity actually communication lines set data transmissions telegraph lines stretched country early major transmissions telegraph text lincoln gettysburg address data transmission wires established practice telephone introduced
information systems users numerous majority operate computer connected equipment results generated computers workers retail stores offices factories automobile service stations computer users factor reason understand computers computer involvement particualarly challenging development computer systems design building information systems takes lot thought remember computers don think extent processing logic ability computers limited simple arithmetic comparison functions planning execution information systems requires kinds creative thinking decisions provide building information systems dollar specialty hundreds thousands professional specialize systems design programming billions dollars spent efforts specialists discussed chapter follows critical parts computer systems computers automatic equipment function automatically computers require set monitor operation computers depend data input computer industry united states revenues billion money goes salaries form important element information systems procedures directions processing procedure effect set instructions leads planned result procedures part everyday typical procedure home cooking recipe
information system exists built process building system complex expensive information systems typically result major working projects project effect system developing systems idea project organize working effort complicated job purpose project approach help consider happens build bridge tall building job complete hundreds millions dollars worth equipment involved determine records manage job plans schedules created records guide involved job broken series small parts smaller units understood expected constructing building coordination skilled beginning excavate prepare land construction specialists foundation steel frameworks electricity plumbing plastering painting walls plastered electric wiring installed wasted planning scheduling vital ways building information system complex construction project erecting building experience expect developing information system hand involves dealing unknown unpredictable factors experienced feel confident system developed don exactly happen computer begins process data
reasons survey lack application data computers couldn imagine ways computers put lesson computing equipment determine need computer services understand computers understand needs lesson clear seen computers moved quickly devise steady stream applications increase demands faster capabilities continuous increasing demands days punched cards computers successful illustrate computerized airline reservation system developed system ran development costs millions dollars greater budget despite experience rush airlines computerized reservation systems rapidly basic techniques hotel reservations auto rental reservations technology applied reservations ticket sales theaters sports events matter computerized reservation business moved startup status billion dollar industry types stories found literally scores application areas recent think computer games equipment software computer games developed early billion dollar industry developed seemingly overnight point matter big powerful computers demands processing power matter computers sold demands
computer designs built single processors longer adequate computing want von single processor architecture bottleneck single processor limiting amount computing demands continuing increase logical technology look ways meet growing needs scientists development processing methods break single processor bottleneck computers future expected multiple processors development turn introduce entirely approach computer processing von computers perform called serial processing serial processing programs handled order instruction organized lineup called queue computer execute hundreds millions instructions processed instruction multiple processor computers hand parallel processing parallel processing course implies number instructions handled side side means number separate processors executing separate instruction gain idea kind power scientists looking consider recent announcement prominent research institution says design include million separate processors single computer light today standards hard imagine computer million separate processors obviously hard imagine eventually million computers part challenge computers future lies developing software control multiple processors
related concern lies determining need access data files area computer system management comes heading privacy data topic emotional area privacy related basic human rights defined constitution united states america constitution guarantees individual citizens privacy citizens give part privacy rights course personal business transactions handle secret information give government power invade privacy sign specific agreements giving permission investigate past government gains monitor contacts persons persons commit crimes give rights privacy criminal records open public protection public involves individuals borrow money purchases cedit terms borrowing credit purchase agreements involve surrender rights privacy borrower lender supplies money check credit means lender investigate ability borrower pay money investigations involve computer files files information person earnings bank accounts loans computers authorized activities involve security government protection citizens hard provide credit information access practices abused issues computer privacy deal real potential abuses consider situation buy suit department store
computer important invention affecting compare discovery wheel invention printing press say effects totally change opposite view computers threaten opinions exist computer tool tasks depends individual tool choice computer bad aware ways computer affects daily figure shows ways computer ways aware let look benefits computer individual businesses known information utilities large computers store huge groups information subjects groups information known data bases obtain information topics read daily news play games airline reservations obtain latest stock market reports perform activities range services provided businesses continually increasing information service small computer device known modem attaches small computer phone line device computer communicate large computer pay fee utility amount computer connected computer services utility require payment extra fees banks computers
term omnipresence means present certainly omnipresence term describing impact computer society turn television seeing types computer advertisements newspapers magazines full advertisements computers articles concerning computer friends talk computer games buying computers communities offer special programs young adults learn computer schools computers students classes courses computers taught schools computer major part society hard imagine lives influence computer figure shows widespread computers artificial intelligence term reference development thinking computers artificial intelligence describes field study attempting develop computers intelligence imagination society thinking intelligent computers books movies science fiction programs featured computers smarter built emotions ways thinking computer understand love happiness part human emotions computer understand earliest form study artificial intelligence involved computer solve puzzles play chess artificial intelligence close reproducing human intelligence say promise artificial intelligence offers study artificial intelligence limited extent human imagination
interesting applications computers farming areas equivalent office dairy farms computer called full worker applications computer common dairy industry realize impact computer operations operations cows deprived privacy speak cow equipped transponder transponder small radio transmitter cow wears neck let look typical farm cows feeding barn eat catch cows eat cows eat based milk producing traditional dairy farming cow ate wanted feed trough whichever computer calculates food cow lets cow eat ask computer cow remember transponder cow neck cow enters feed station transponder radios computer tells cow feed station computer quickly looks food cow slowly dispenses delivering food faster cow eat cow tired eating leaves feed area transponder tells computer exit computer stops releasing food food left trough cow eat
hacker person computers definition word hacker mean person computers commit criminal actions hackers realize seriousness actions look challenge breaking computers belonging persons companies game change valuable data steal information computer illegally money merchandise committing wrongdoings reports schools colleges students broken computerized grade files changed course grades students claim looking challenge purposely going raising grade point averages selling services students fee cases revenge reporters investigated reported activities hackers cases reporters threatened death case newsweek reporter story hackers subjects story sought revenge broke computerized file credit bureau obtained numbers reporter credit cards posted numbers computerized bulletin board desired obtain addition reporter put teletrial bulletin board system gainesville texas teletrial hackers accusations agree accusations enter defenses person trial eventually reporter acquitted mock trial case illegally computers personal gain money possessions numerous examples
magnetic scanner operates principle tape recorder tape reads short piece tape inches retail stores price tags short strips magnetic tape stock numbers products largest magnetic scanners read coded information backs credit cards hour teller machine cards banks magnetic strip customer identification card person account number needed information identification card shown figure card inserted teller machine magnetic scanner reads tape card transmits customer account number processor real sensor newest developments computer input real means happening real sensor sends information computer processor event happening need human assistance applications real sensors look computer controls ignition fuel systems car real sensors input car running real sensors constantly measuring things engine speed vehicle speed level carbon monoxide exhaust data constantly input computer processing information computer produces output form commands ignition fuel systems commands efficiency high keeping air pollution produced engine limit
dot matrix simply row column arrangement dots dot matrix printer shown figure produces character forming rows columns dots printhead moves paper tiny pins wires printhead tap paper ribbon form image character wide differences number arrangement pins wires printing dots form character higher quality print quality high daisy wheel printer printers microcomputers dot matrix printers print speed dot matrix printers ranges forty characters hundred characters fast small computer systems dot matrix printers printhead achieve higher speeds compared types printers dot matrix printers fairly inexpensive band printers chain printers impact printers operate general principle band printer rotating band belt characters chain printer rotating chain characters printers hammers strike characters paper ribbon characters paper produces images figure shows band printer band printers chain printers faster daisy wheel dot matrix printers earlier print fast lines minute expensive figure shows chain printer general rule nonimpact printers faster impact printers section discusses commonly nonimpact printers
computer system operating system operating system stored rom manufacturing company build operating system rom leaves factory popular rom based microcomputer shown figure operating system stored ram computer systems load operating system diskette perform task operating system transfers diskette ram portion memory reduced operating system diskette cartridge replace newer powerful operating system figure shows microcomputer cartridge store operating system operating systems market today operating systems perform tasks mentioned differences speeds abilities perform additional tasks operating systems recently developed easy user operate computer fact user aware existence operating system popular operating systems microcomputers popular operating systems developers unix operating system developed bell laboratories considered powerful operating systems market microcomputers minicomputers ways unix operating system powerful operating systems perform task unix operating system print program continue program figure shows single microcomputer input devices keyboards output devices monitors
week valentine cafeteria briarwood high school microcomputers set front computer line students student eagerly awaiting chance part cash exchange cash receive list compatible students opposite sex yes computer dating system operation previous week students school filled questionnaire questionnaire included questions student preferred characteristics date questions characteristics students involved project spent greater part week keying responses questionnaire computerized data base student line says bye cash student operating computer enters student keyboard matter seconds names compatible dates displayed printer attached computer compatibility computed computer program point basis person questionnaire tall date preferred tall persons points match token student younger date preferred younger persons points match adding points matching factors gave summary total potential dates highest totals appeared printout grand sum dollar student received names dollar buy names compatible persons dollar buy names persons
coding process assigning symbols stand shortcut initials writing complete codes register classes school stand seventh grade eighth grade similar codes assigned major programs study names courses students career preferences stores identify stock items codes order accurate sales inventory records items appearing catalogs codes stock numbers zip codes letters sort letters cities locations cities names states letter abbreviations shown figure single sales slip codes code salesperson department code customer account number code stock number identifying article sold telephone number code numbers stand part country area code city part city telephone codes speed data entry processing help selecting data needed solve problem save space computer note codes enrollment page figure codes students class female students male students age female students age male students sorting process arranging information according logical system sorting includes sequencing names data alphabetic numeric order grouping data date product department classification selecting record group similar records
engineers cad design products easily computers mathematical calculations calculations determine size part materials required build computer produce drawing product demonstrate design desired engineer immediately displayed computer complete drawings cad product perfected screen decision actually manufacture figure shows engineer cad plan product cad design buildings planning designing buildings requires drawings details completely worked cad eliminates paperwork required clear idea concerning building look figure shows architect cad plan office layout businesses cad help decide put stations addition furniture needs purchased drawings office furniture fit existing furniture cad wants move office furniture arrangements tried cad moving piece furniture sure electrical outlets proper location equipment operations previous paragraphs cad part cad cam ideal cad design parts tools control cam actually produce parts designed computer aided manufacturing cam computers control activities machinery
planned ahead football team plans strategy defeating opponent painter plans job beginning paint cook plans menu preparing meal similar fashion programmer plan program beginning write chapter explains plan program proceed write recommended approach writing programs known structured programming structured programming simply defined sequence steps designed programming easy effective steps discussed sections top design means begin big picture gradually refine design adding detail step kind thinking applied undertakings programming big picture thinking include statement want write program draw house process continues greater detail want draw frame house process adding detail continues top planning allow entire picture output program planned detail case house drawing exact house look planned making plan sheet known report spacing chart report spacing chart shows display positions screen output device output look planned writing chart chart labeled rows columns alphabet characters numerals labeled coordinates pixels dots graphics
actual flight mathematical computations required navigate control spacecraft application computers ground spacecraft computations fire rockets power factor planned additional calculations place rocket burn slightly shorter correct problem computations require hand calculators calculations completed late required power addition making computations space flights computers simulate earth spacecraft space enables persons earth follow action flight aid solution problems arise computers check flight sure computer malfunctions occurring undetected computer malfunctions obviously disastrous consequences navigation spacecraft erroneous mean death space crew members manned flight computer application space program area photography fantastic full color pictures seen planets board spacecraft photographic film spacecraft earth impossible photographic film development cameras computer assist basically similar television cameras similar cameras convert scene numeric representation
selling important economy business american order understand importance need familiar basic facts segment american economy economy country divided phases production marketing consumption production refers physical creation goods services farming mining fishing lumbering manufacturing production phase economy thousands goods services produced goods services sell goods services produced consumers purchase marketing process goods services flow producer consumer wholesalers retailers participate marketing phase economy selling important marketing function performed retail wholesale businesses wholesalers buy producers sell retailers retailers buy producers wholesalers sell consumers consumers users goods services society process goods services called consumption contribution selling economy role selling society identify provide goods services satisfy needs wants consumer manufacturers wholesalers retailers depend customers purchase products services business sales decline company reduces number employees jobs produce provide goods services depend successful salespeople customers purchase products services help create employment manufacturing wholesaling retailing full employment country creates additional purchasing power consumers selling assists maintaining high standard living enjoyed country
factors important customer stands estimated percent customers leave store return lack courtesy shown salespeople prices lack merchandise proper facilities salesperson important service business provide customers customers expect receive friendly courteous assistance salespeople don complain return shop business story illustrates feelings typical customer importance service received business basically nice person lots friends customer argues complains regardless service receive department wait wait salesperson talks friend ignores comes department helped don complain wait week took pair slacks clothing store paid slacks alteration pant legs leg longer tried slacks picked agreed fault hurry argue extra charge decided loss seldom return merchandise complain service upset handle complaints short argue minor inconveniences bought hair dryer burned week
preapproach literally means approach salesperson preparation sale salesperson need spend preparing sale according experts selling percent preparation percent presentation spent getting ready sell definitely spent prepare sell products services customers order effective sales presentations understand customers buying motives products features benefits salesperson addition learning products customers personally ready sell impressions important sure personal appearance pleasant businesslike approach begins greet customer purpose approach create favorable impression customers direct customers attention product goal convince customers sincere interest assisting trying show customers understand want help directed customer attention product step determine customer needs wants customers exactly looking important ask chosen questions determine personal interests product service listen carefully responses customers responses reactions help select product service needs selecting product service sell need sell customers product service benefit customers expressed interest product service job sell features advantages benefits product service
products materials products product information increasingly important salespeople salespeople able provide customer product information customer salespeople knowledgeable order reassure customers customers product knowledge beliefs salespeople informed products services receive benefits find jobs enjoyable develop confidence customers confidence able organize effective sales presentations overcome sales resistance increase chances promotion knowledgeable salespeople find enjoyable trying sell adequate product service knowledge stressful unprepared salespeople fear objection raised customer hesitate help customers fear customer ask questions answer unprepared salespeople worry customer buy avoid feelings prepared expert products services sell preparation enjoy serving customers giving product service information help customers wise buying decision receive personal satisfaction enjoyable salesperson makes sale product service superior cases customers shopping especially expensive items want deal confident knowledgeable salesperson look confident salespeople products services salespeople confidence inspire confidence customers customers want helped salespeople believe products services customers seek confident salespeople answer questions understand problems
salesperson control sales presentation prompt approach forget stock conversation employees nonsales activities customers area job serve sales control begins minutes customer comes store getting sale start depends ability analyze sales situation quickly choosing greeting help customer receptive assistance customer comes clothing store quickly walks shirts picks white dress shirt salesperson recognize decided customer salesperson say find correct size want short dress shirt dress shirt requires ironing customer comes clothing store strolls store looking variety merchandise salesperson say morning approach lets customer salesperson standing ready help morning want look sale items specific approach guides customer special merchandise sales control important salesperson wants guide customer stages buying process attention interest desire conviction action taking control easy salesperson observes listens carefully customer salesperson genuinely interested selling techniques sincere serving customer sales control sales control needed customer walks store salesperson busy customer sure acknowledge presence customers store
successful person person selling clear picture customers wants needs order help wise buying decisions understand customers beginning sale close sale course customers buy sold didn sell sell exactly manner need build sale personal concern customers individual wants needs sales success largely depends control sale initial step establishing control qualifying customer attempt sell determining wants needs customers able determine sell continue determine wants needs customers sale don stop observing questioning listening key selling customers determine need select sell product service question customers listen say shorten spend individual customers help satisfy customers wants needs observing customers important method communication pay close attention help select selling approach individual customer customers observable actions communicate watching behavior customers able serve information obtain watching hurry walking store quickly looking find casually walking
points salesperson think handling products remember watching observing customer customer observing customer notice handle merchandise product regardless price deserves respect salesperson handle roughly carelessly customer impression product valuable wants buy valuable hand handle product care customer product valuable investment don confused handling product carefully show respect treating product roughly order demonstrate feature previous salesperson china cup floor stood dramatized feature strength cup handled carefully placing floor standing demonstration salesperson picked cup wiped clean carefully customer hands inspection handle product customer product feature trying point small items brought close customer salesperson hands cover important features product larger products salesperson sure customer sales demonstration pointing clearly product features discussed improper handling product salesperson result loss sale times product salesperson trying sell large noisy impossible demonstrate
merchandise sell customers objections overcome facts clarification review advantages product service offers help strengthen point overcome objection quality merchandise vary greatly price able find reasons justify price merchandise able explain customers difference differently priced items method anticipating objections plan sales presentation includes information customers need wise buying decision prepared answer objections find helpful list common objections questions merchandise service features selling writing list able anticipate objections begin selling list product service feature frequently asked objection feature write positives sales statement objection give customers benefits feature listed feel objection real objection attempt answer critical sell look items customers eyes attempting answer objections list benefits feature ask blouse percent dacron percent cotton iron tap water tennis rackets aluminum frames wooden frames important features benefits frequently asked objections develop effective sales presentation
beginning sales presentation looking opportunity ask customers buy reason believe customers needs determined item selected meet needs try close sale mean customers automatically buy raise objection ask questions point begin trying close sale exact close sale try close customers ready buying decision customers opportunities arise sales presentation customers satisfied product service give buying signals buying signals signs approval customers ready buying decision customers give buying signals stop selling additional merchandise learn watch listen customers watch customers merchandise don preoccupied sales presentation forget selling customer carefully observe customer signs approval eyes show signs acceptance customer show interest item facial expression show interest customer smiling customer stopped look item times customer show interest item reading guarantee operating instructions care instructions examples buying signals salespeople able recognize buying signals salespeople observe listen customers oversell talking demonstrating customer decided buy
sales forms sales book sales register sales book pad approximately sales forms write sale sales book remove carbon paper tear copies book sales register small metal plastic container hold approximately sales forms fill sales form eject copies container regardless system business important sales book sales register assigned sales form numbered sequential order write sales numbered sequence records maintained accounting department according numbers printed sales book reason sales book error recording sale want start destroy incorrect copy write void front form word void means sales form canceled businesses require salesperson provide explanation error voided copy authorized store manager voided sales form form sequential order write sale sales forms written duplicate carbon paper newer carbonless paper business keeps original customer receives carbon copy sales forms written copy depending operation business larger business offers customers delivery service business copies original copy store records
charge sales transactions place customers charge products services charge accounts order pay later date customers charge accounts purchases sales transactions called charge transactions business offers delivery service customers charge items delivered called charge send sales transactions steady increase charge accounts customers customers find convenient carry charge cards referred credit cards carry large sum money shopping charge sales offer customers opportunity purchase pay later businesses offer credit customers customers advantage service charge accounts increase customer sales increase quantity customers buy increase chance customers business shop basic charge account systems businesses businesses charge system offer charge accounts bank independent credit card plan offer businesses charge system extensive records bill customers month collect overdue charge accounts credit related activities expensive part business operation businesses charge interest overdue charge accounts help pay extra expenses store accepts credit cards issued bank independent company customers able charge purchases store sends records charge sales central accounting office independent company billings collections transactions handled company issued credit card independent credit card companies charge store credit services
sale completed business record sale customer receipt purchase recording procedure requires salespeople accurately record sale quickly sales forms written businesses cash register record sale businesses spend considerable amount money cash registers cash register provide accurate detailed information essential operation business addition providing convenient money storage drawer cash register serves information gathering device cash register adding machine cash drawer type cash register simply totals sale opens cash drawer receive customer money allow salesperson change store type cash register sales forms business collect important information concerning sale give customer detailed receipt businesses service businesses drugstores grocery stores discount stores cash register provide itemized record sale sales form written cash register able record information recorded sales form cash register issue customer detailed cash register receipt sales transaction fact cash registers print customer receipt compute sale sales tax total transfer sales information computer show amount change due customer disperse change issue trading stamps approve charge cards perform important functions current cash register design actually computer terminal records sales
thinking career selling career opportunities choice working industries selling products services choice enjoy clothes want job fashion business enjoy music want sell music related business consider selling automobiles sports cars recreational vehicles enjoy cars math want consider selling computers electronic equipment technical products selling jobs classified types businesses employ salespeople types products services salesperson sells type buyer salesperson calls chapter selling jobs explained according types businesses employ salespeople major types businesses employ salespeople retailers wholesalers manufacturers retailers hire salespeople sell merchandise services consumers wholesalers hire salespeople sell products retailers wholesalers industrial firms businesses manufacturers employ salespeople sell products manufacturers directly wholesalers retailers familiar retail store selling department stores variety stores discount stores specialty shops types retail stores supermarkets drugstores service stations restaurants retail stores sales jobs retailing manufacturing wholesaling combined retail salesperson sells merchandise services ultimate consumer user product service success retail business depends effective salespeople selling products services customers amount personal selling skills retail salespeople need depends approach store decides customers
selling jobs discussed chapter pertained selling products salespeople sell products salespeople sell services fact increase number services sold country past decade service selling involves sale intangibles insurance real estate stocks bonds advertising services finance credit services travel transportation services business educational consulting services major occupational areas service selling insurance real estate selling policies protect individual business future losses sold insurance agents brokers buy insurance protection home car business property agents sell basic types insurance property health insurance types insurance agencies type agency sells insurance company include insurance companies metropolitan york prudential equitable assurance society aetna casualty type insurance agency independent agency authorized sell insurance insurance companies agents brokers underwriters insurance business insurance agents spend prospecting customers discussing insurance policies existing prospective customers agents selling business offices spend calling customer customer home business duties performed insurance agents include preparing reports maintaining records planning insurance programs prospective customers updating insurance programs existing customers insurance agents paid sales commission policies sell buying house single expensive purchase
purposes interview interviewer information information interviewer form opinion interviewer form opinion form opinion job prepared interview ready sell attitude offer company remember interviewer employed hire turn smile greet interviewer interviewer hello miss abel kelly peterson hand interviewer extended shake hands firmly remain standing told sit sit body facing interviewer start say hello let interviewer lead interviewer ask questions provide answers answering questions specific point think talk don ramble don answer simple yes conversation question answer session interviewer honest sincere answering questions give interviewer attention looking interviewer eyes don look room interviewer desk floor speak distinctly english don mumble don interrupt argue interviewer don beg job avoid talking personal problems criticizing past employers remember want stress qualifications problems interviewer tells working emphasize experience courses help qualify listen carefully interviewer questions order understand asked
nearly person keeps records kind sales clerks farmers factory workers owners businesses records schools clubs organizations records matter kind position job graduate records part records completed manually hand large number records computers increasingly help complete records electronically computers common factories farms offices homes record form information recorded records manually paper records computer computer storage point remember information cases computers common nearly job involves computer workers computer directly jobs order entry clerk prepares sales order forms customers ordering merchandise goods business selling order entry clerks order phone customer enter order directly computer workers computer indirectly stock clerk list merchandise prepared computer find item customer wants list prepared computer called computer printout paper document printed computer system called printout knowing read computer printouts important jobs today sales clerk store fill sales slip customer manually
numeric filing means filing documents numerical order system document filed number documents sorted numerical order putting document lowest number look numeric file illustration notice special tabs numbers file called guides help record keeper find documents faster notice guide reads guide guide wanted find document numbered find guide labeled document document numbered filing documents chronologically means filing according date borrowed books library times allowed limited weeks librarian keeps track books returned wondered record keeper remembers bills paid date look chronological file illustration kind file librarians help remember books due date record clerks call kinds chronological files tickler files follow files notice guide month guide labeled january guides month received bill january paid january place bill guide numbered january comes look guide pay bills find
receipt handed neil cook class treasurer room stub stays attached receipt book commonly form shown illustration type form original receipt torn duplicate remains book carbon paper special carbonless paper copy duplicate receipt takes place stub method important remember cashier record receipt issued receipt issued neil cook put cash box cash boxes compartments coins bills arranged neatly reduces chance giving wrong change typical cash box shown picture left money receive put cash box care student issued receipts job record information found stub separate form known record cashier collections illustration shows form look monday march receipts recorded totaled notice amounts rooms monday means cashier received money rooms cash box notice total written writing small figures known footing column total written normal size figures business practice foot find error checking totals easily corrected
businesses careful records money spend true payments check payments currency currency means bills coins businesses prefer payments check easier pay currency imagine paying bus fare check course currency times currency bought stamps paid taxi fare employee delivered package currency payments small petty amounts called petty cash payments business keeps cash checking account currency needed petty cash payments obtained writing cashing check amount check estimate money needed period week month cashing check currency box called petty cash box petty cash fund started sure record payment petty cash fund person receives money sign printed receipt called petty cash voucher voucher shown illustration petty cash clerk approves voucher initialing assume don robinson mary lang architect june mary starts petty cash fund cashing check places currency petty cash box puts charge fund steps follow petty cash clerk fill petty cash voucher payment petty cash fund
job learned petty cash record job learn petty cash book illustration petty cash book record petty cash payments receipts petty cash book similar petty cash record petty cash book additional columns date column receipts column items columns date column record date receipt payment receipts column record amount start fund money added fund balance fund items columns studying sample problem charge petty cash fund charlene kelly company april employer cashed check start petty cash fund payment fund classified office expense delivery expense shipping expense general expense record petty cash vouchers petty cash book illustration shows petty cash book look vouchers recorded follow steps petty cash book recording vouchers record check cashed start fund entry petty cash book write complete date date column written month written page started month written page started month recording date write check explanation column enter amount receipts column fill vo column dash
keeping record receipts payments family keeping personal record receipts payments headings distribution columns family record receipts payments form headings household expenses clothing transportation health personal expenses entertainment education gifts savings listing types payments recorded headings follows families records help live budget families records manually home computer nice part computer enter amounts receive spend arithmetic totals column added computer shown screen automatically martin beginning high school teacher paid monthly alice factory supervisor receives weekly salary children trouble meeting expenses decided budget spend money wisely steps budget manually based past experience estimated monthly income spent budget decided live month shown page payments household expenses month payments entertainment change month month family wants vacation trip spend usual amount entertainment months money trip need
learned record amounts owed charge customers form called account retailers send charge customer monthly report showing data recorded customer account month report called statement account statement account customers check records store records reminds customers amounts owe statements account prepared mailed end month stores thouands customers spread month divide customers groups prepare mail portion statements account days month began letter receive statement account beginning month customer beginning receive statement account middle month method preparing mailing statements account called cycle billing employed office plaza department store store sends statements account charge customer end january end february asked prepare statement account month february charge customer betty bernhardt customer account shown illustration completed statement account shown illustration prepared follows date statement month february copy customer address account heading date previous balance february record balance end january balance column line previous balance
learned prepare sales slips retail store merchandise sold directly consumer retailers merchandise sell wholesalers wholesalers businesses sell large quantities retailers job learn sales records wholesale business sale retail store prepare sales slip wholesale business forms prepared form sales order form sales invoice bill wholesaler orders merchandise retailer mail telephone wholesaler salesperson wholesalers record merchandise ordered retailer special form called sales order wholesalers sell goods credit sales order completed credit department credit department checks customer credit risk credit department decides customer credit risk customer asked pay cash order canceled credit department decides customer credit risk copy sales order stock department stock department checks merchandise ordered hand merchandise hand sales order billing department sales invoice prepared information sales invoice copied sales order copies sales invoice prepared original mailed customer order shipped copy shipping department select ship merchandise
ladd keys number presses return enter key cursor moves words enter password computer asking ladd enter password passwords secret words order clerk passwords stored computer memory computer let persons password stored memory terminal prevents unauthorized persons computer terminal ladd password jloec keys jloec presses return enter key ladd password stored computer let continue terminal cursor moves date line computer asking ladd enter date ladd enters date computer enter date automatically sales order ladd prepares ladd enters date keying pressing return enter key screen looks shown illustration notice ladd password shown screen shown key password print screen stops learning password looking shoulder terminal ladd keyed employee number password date called logging ladd logged computer main menu appears screen shown illustration main menu list computer programs bottom screen cursor flashing tell ladd choose programs listed menu going enter sales orders ladd keys presses return enter key
learned purchasing agent sends purchase order company merchandise purchased shipping merchandise seller sends bill buyer buyer calls purchase invoice form sales invoice seller company handle purchase invoices differently need remember purchase invoices checked paid hughes luggage company purchase invoices checked bookkeeping department alex cobb clerk bookkeeping department job check purchase invoices illustration shows purchase invoice received steps cobb check invoice step compare invoice purchase order cobb compared invoice purchase order quantities description unit prices agreed notified purchasing agent step check quantities received invoice shows company received attache cases dozen wheel kits cobb checked receiving report quantities actually received received notified purchasing agent step check extensions invoice shows cobb checked arithmetic sure extension correct calculator check extensions cobb found extension correct checked extension found correct step check total cobb found extensions correct added order check total found total correct
compare grady furniture company invoice entry recorded purchases journal information recorded journal notice columns record dates journal date column shows date recorded entry purchases journal july date invoice column shows date written purchase invoice july date find due date invoice company received invoice july legally owner merchandise july terms days tell employer pay grady furniture company days date invoice july date invoice column important date columns notice illustration creditor grady furniture company written creditor column invoice number written invoice column total amount invoice entered amount column enter extension shown invoice final total question item invoice refer actual invoice purchase invoices recorded purchases journal record creditor accounts accounts payable ledger post information purchases journal creditor accounts posting care accuracy sure correct information posted correct account illustration shows entry purchases journal posted grady furniture company account accounts payable ledger
error occurs purchasing agent notifies creditor creditor give allowance allowance reduction price damaged merchandise correct error account allowance form credit memo credit memos issued merchandise returned credit memos received show owe money creditor learned purchase invoices recorded purchases journal payments recorded cash payments journal entries posted creditor accounts accounts payable ledger purchases returns allowances journal record credit memos received creditors entries purchases returns allowances journal posted creditor accounts employed accounts payable accounting clerk nancy parks tool company part job record credit memos purchases returns allowances journal post creditor accounts february received credit memo shown illustration george ward company steps follow step record data credit memo purchases returns allowances journal illustration shows purchases returns allowances journal look credit memo recorded accounts payable accounting clerks record date entry date column purchases returns allowances journal february entered date column february date credit memo creditor george ward company entered creditor column credit memo number recorded credit memo column
previous units learned information posted journals customer creditor accounts learned customer accounts book known accounts receivable ledger learned creditor accounts book known accounts payable ledger job learn information information customers creditors posted accounts separate ledger ledger accounts called general ledger study sample problem learn general ledger look cash receipts journal illustration record cash received eric wilkes consultant financial manager opened office months ago note separate record income received consulting fees income received financial managment fees eric wilkes asked cash received past months refer cash receipts journal list tell total amount cash received past months asked received income consulting fees past months list tell total amount received income consulting fees past months asked received income management fees procedure answer questions asked end refer month figures information needed business information record keeping system faster method shown
look office expense account general ledger total posted debit side account posting reference shows posted page cash payments journal january cash payments journal shows payment rent expense entered items debit columns payments advertising expenses january january entered items debit columns jobs learned items columns separate column type payment separate columns provided item happens month total items debit columns amounts posted separately debit rent expense account posted separately debits advertising expense account general ledger amounts posted individually total items debit columns posted check mark written total amount column show posted posting amounts separate accounts eric wilkes easily find total amount spent rent expense total amount spent advertising expense foot rent expense account advertising expense account general ledger january transaction cash payments journal posting reference post ref column shows items debit columns posted rent expense account account general ledger
heat cold broken vines rotten coconut palms employee routing mail piece paper coming going monkey round pass desk easier monkey round employees hand documents persons company jungle incoming outgoing mail handled easy lose track record document comes goes business accurate efficient record document received need supply shipping receiving logs stored folders instructor supply loose leaf binder help organized typewriter prepare shipping receiving logs file customer orders receive file folders large expanding file folder help processing tons incoming outgoing mail determining separating incoming outgoing mail confusing shipping receiving log enter customer document customer order description document important enter unique identification number shipping receiving log document process documents identification number number create number forms
office clerk typing monkey round largest task type monkey round sales invoices data customer orders primary responsibility making sales invoices prepared error tips typing class help eliminate errors fatigue sales invoices type set left margin tab stops efficient try eliminate wasted motion keyboard sure center dollar amounts columns align decimal points complete invoices pass quickly inventory clerk critical efficient flow company need typewriter stack monkey round sales invoices addition need file folder store customer order forms pricing clerk typed sales invoices prepare master list hundred invoice numbers assign number invoice prepare receiving completed customer order forms similar shown figure pricing clerk main job prepare sales invoice customer order form completed customer order form source document type school address beneath monkey round company sales invoice sold section fill customer address type current date including space select invoice number list type invoice number section sure cross invoice numbers list number
balance hand getting low jot note shows item quantity reorder wholesale products procedures reordering merchandise later section wonder quantity considered low reordered learn experience inventory clerk simulation inventory cards show maximum minimum amounts hand inventory clerk fill approximate figures maximum hand minimum hand learn experience amounts sufficient quantity stock type merchandise fill customer order quantity hand lower sell merchandise don situation occurs determine units short pile customer orders invoices pull invoices equal exceed quantity short stock item want sell manicure kits hand obviously short invoices pull invoices orders manicure kits totalling slightly erase initials manicure kit quantities customer orders circle quantities order forms save invoices special order file shipments comes replenish inventory subtract quantities total daily inventory reductions sheet able deduct total daily inventory reductions sheet balance hand inventory card
industrial robots reality early joseph engelberger george devol teamed form robotics company called unimation engelberger devol dream machines perform unskilled repetitive jobs manufacturing word robot czechoslovakian philosopher playwright karel capek play rossum universal robot word robot czech means worker slave play written capek play rossum son discover chemical formula artificial protoplasm protoplasm forms basis compound rossum son set robot rossum son spend forming protoplasm robot rossums look created say absurd spend twenty making quicker nature shut shop young rossum goes eliminating organs considers unnecessary ideal worker young rossum says feels happy plays piano likes going walk fact wants lot things unnecessary working machine play piano feel happy lot things contribute directly progress eliminated half century later engineers began building rossum robot artificial protoplasm silicon hydraulics pneumatics electric motors robots dreamed capek feel perform unhuman subhuman jobs manufacturing plants operation
microprocessor control figure common robot controls pick place robots point point robots controlled path robots continuous path robots microprocessor control specialized computer designed specifically control robot microprocessor control memory hold robot program special circuits interpret instructions contained robot memory eletcronic circuits powering valves motors move robot manipulator recent robot manufacturers purchasing minicomputers microcomputers adapting control robots output small computer figure fed specialized electronic control control robot manipulator minicomputers hooked printer print information hooked printer output processed additional electronics amplified open close valves robot manipulator robots programmed taught job placing pegs holes drum connecting small air hoses valves entering instructions keyboard programmable controller common methods teaching robot teach pendant lead programming computer terminal programming teach pendant figure popular method programming robot program taught robot leading robot manipulator desired position pushing buttons teach pendant want extend robot arm button pushed extend arm want base robot rotate clockwise push button arm finally desired position record learn button pushed
positive displacement pump differs nonpositive displacement pump nonpositive displacement pump creates pressure result propeller turned positive displacement pump creates flow pressure positive displacement pump pressure result restriction outlet outlet positive displacement pump restricted flow remains constant pressure begins rise restriction outlet pump pressure flow positive displacement pumps positive seal inlet outlet fluid drawn pump fluid moved sealed chamber figure shows positive displacement pump type pump called gear pump covering operation gear pumps detail later chapter fluid drawn inlet pump picked gears moved outlet outlet pump blocked gears continue turn pump continue pump fluid pressure pump rise rapidly blockage outlet pump released pressure continue build pump housing cracks positive displacement pumps hydraulic systems hydraulic systems require flow flow fluid cylinder cylinder extend pressure system simply result load cylinder attempting move category positive displacement pumps subcategories fixed positive displacement pumps variable positive displacement pumps fixed positive displacement pump pumps specific volume fluid revolution pump shaft
air cooled compressed easily stage compressor process compressing air stage allowing return ambient temperature stage advantage making compression easier obviously consuming intercooler accelerate process cooling air enters stage compression intercooler simple copper tube fins tube fins radiate heat atmosphere system requires cooling simple intercooler chilled water system employed figure system copper fin tube mounted inside housing chilled water pumped housing water passes fin tube heat compressed air transferred water heated water pumped water chiller cooled cycle repeated compressed air larger cylinder cooled flows smaller cylinder piston pulled downward piston smaller cylinder pushed upward air cylinder compressed multistage compressors efficient single stage compressors energy required turn multistage compressor heat compression removed stage compression vane compressor similar design vane pump hydraulic systems figure atmospheric air rushes fill vacuum created rotor rotor turns air carried chambers reduce volume compress
robots respond commands computer computer sends signals manipulator drive electrical signals converted motion hydraulic actuators pneumatic actuators electric motors sending signal computer monitors resulting progress manipulator manipulator arrived desired location computer stops sending signal manipulator stops command manipulator move positional command velocity command manipulator move correct position correct speed device monitor speed arm called tachometer tachometer generator generator converts mechanical energy electrical energy motor converts electrical energy mechanical energy recall began describing motors current passing wire creates magnetic field description motor characteristics armature turns magnetic field voltage produced suppose armature motor turned crank field magnetism exists created permanent magnets armature turned magnetic field armature windings cut magnetic field voltage produced tachometer generator similar small dc motor recall describing pm motor speed directly proportional applied armature voltage speed wound field motor tachometer built permanent magnets field produce output voltage directly proportional speed armature turned wound field tachometer produce voltage directly proportional armature speed
teeth flexspline engage teeth circular spline flexspline distorted ellipse wave generator teeth flexspline engage circular spline points degrees number teeth flexspline number teeth circular spline assume circular spine teeth flexspline teeth wave generator driven motor point flexspline engages circular spline shifts wave generator turned clockwise teeth flexspline follow wave generator teeth engaged clockwise direction complete revolution wave generator flexspline engaged teeth circular spline teeth circular spline teeth engaged full revolution circular spline position shifted teeth revolutions wave generator circular spline revolution ratio harmonic drive controlled number teeth circular spline difference number teeth circular spline flexspline circular spline teeth flexspline teeth ratio circular spline teeth flexspline ratio choosing numbers teeth circular spline flexspline virtually ratio total gear reduction harmonic drive limited teeth machined circular spline flexspline
chapter examined operation simple logic circuits characteristic logic gates common lack memory inputs gates active affect output recall inputs gate high output high inputs drops low output immediately drops low input gate goes high drops low input going high dropping low output gate high gate memory remember input high output high inputs low lack memory applies simple logic gates including nand xor gates times temporary memory important logic circuit circuit temporary memory called flip flop called bistable multivibrator figure shows relay contact wired parallel momentary contact switch momentary contact switch pushed closing contact relay coil energized closes relay contact momentary contact switch released relay remains energized notice symbol relay contact symbol capacitor unfortunate ambiguity exists relays included circuit remember symbols schematic diagram stand relay contacts capacitors relay remembers remaining energized momentary contact switch pushed turn relay main power interrupted
figure illustrates principle counting decimal system count decimal system begin number count column number resets column carried tens column number tens column tells sets ten counted number column remainder tens column column counted set ten units remaining number tens column column counted set ten unit remaining number tens column column counted set ten units remaining consider number tens column column counted set ten units remaining number counted sets ten units remaining decimal system continues count manner number sets ten units remaining digit decimal system larger adding column resets column carries tens column adding set ten sets ten represented tens column resets tens column carries hundreds column number hundreds column tens column column indicating set hundred sets ten units remaining
crystal controlled clock quartz crystal control clock frequency quartz crystal sliced thin sheets voltage applied crystal crystal vibrates frequency clock determined thickness crystal vibrations quartz crystal amplified control output clock circuit frequency crystal controlled clock high million pulses output clock connected ripple counter operates frequency divider choosing output counter frequency generated common method constructing clock circuit ic chip chip stable circuit shown figure stable crystal controlled clock schematic diagram chip shown figure major components voltage comparators flip flop flip flop stable set input high output high reset input high output low inputs brought high alternately output flip flop regular string pulses voltage comparators serve function switching inputs flip flop basic types voltage comparators type comparator switches high input voltages equal type comparator switches high voltages unequal chip outputs comparators high input voltages equal
siso shift register slow lack speed advantage times slow speed data order synchronize data data computer amount data delayed controlled clock frequency number flip flops connected series form register presence absence clock pulses important characteristic siso shift register data entered register lost process data readout recall bit siso register earlier number loaded register data read register data input low clock pulses data read flip flops reset preserve data stored siso shift register output flip flop connected input flip flop gate result recirculating shift register figure recirculating shift register operates exactly siso shift register output fed input reloaded register recirculating shift register critical accurate count clock pulses recorded count knowing data located register recirculating shift register loaded number clock pulse exit flip flop re entered flip flop number recirculating shift register
figure block diagram robot microprocessor control main elements control microprocessor unit mpu random access memory ram read memory rom input output ports servo amplifier dc drive motor floppy disk drive teach pendant keyboard cathode ray tube crt display components connected data bus control bus address bus data bus parallel group wires data including program instructions carried group wires data bus referred bidirectional bus bidirectional bus carries data directions mpu send data data bus receive data data bus data bus cases parallel wires wires data bus data transmitted size data bus determined design mpu common data bus structures wires size data bus determines part speed data processed processor transmit bits bytes data faster transmit bits byte data mpu sends address data stored ram rom address bus notice address bus connected ports ports interface peripheral equipment floppy disk drive keyboard mpu
standard specifies current ma represents logic current represents logic standard specifies current ma represents logic current represents logic advantages current standards high noise immunity ability transmit data distances disadvantage current standards converted voltage levels inputs computer port transmission data rate data transmitted match timing receiver methods ensure transmitter receiver operating speed methods synchronous data transmission asynchronous data transmission synchronous data transmission clock controls rate transmission common receiver transmitter referred common clock advantage common clock ensures receiver transmitter operating exactly speed requires extra leads data transmitted synchronous method beginning word transmitted clock asynchronous data transmission common clock asynchronous method common synchronous method common clock transmitter receiver critical transmitter receiver operate speed transmitter receiver clocks clocks set speed ensure transmitter receiver operating speed standards established standard speeds referred terms baud rate
introduction computer controlled automation manufacturing process called industrial revolution chapter examine ways computer controlled automation changing manufacture products products examining industrial revolution important gain perspective manufacturing reviewing industrial revolution beginning mass production traced eli whitney whitney won contract produce muskets army muskets produced traditional manufacturing method built individual gunsmiths working independently craftsman produced weapons similar design part fit specific weapon built whitney contract deliver muskets parts interchangeable weapons whitney fulfilled contract building jigs jig built type part part mounted jig hand filed matched jig painstaking process step conversion manufacture products individual craftsmen mass production invented period machine tools substituted machine power muscle power provided accuracy manufacturing previously impossible england john wilkinson built horizontal boring machine horizontal boring machine machine bores cylinders piston pumps wilkinson horizontal boring machine reported produced cylinders accuracy clearance piston cylinder shilling approximately development machine tools occurred henry maudsley built lathe
non added performed robots non added job robots removal finished product conveyor stacking product pallet stacking finished parts product shipped product increased stacking operation section briefly examine variety primary jobs robots perform industry jobs primarily added jobs primarily non added jobs jobs incorporate added non added aspects jobs classified primary function non added jobs robots discussed include applications material handling machine loading press loading die casting plastic injection molding forging material handling process moving materials manufacturing plant material raw material goes production part product partially completed part product finished part product ready shipment material handling major problem industry truly non added function moving material add product reason industry worked hard minimize material handling costs effective conveyors certainly important means minimizing costs connecting programmable controllers conveyor system flexibility moving material storage machines perform added material arrives plant pallets skids wooden steel platforms material stacked pallets moved delivery truck storage area forklift truck
robot introduced chapter told robot blind handicap successful robots assembly applications impossible development visual systems give robot sight tactile sensing systems give robot touch artificial intelligence systems give robot reasoning ability assembly robots addition vision touch reasoning ability increases cost robot system makes questionable resulting savings labor costs outweigh additional capital outlay alternative approach robot assembly remember products assembled designed ease assembly humans robots product completely redesigned robot assembly problems deaf blind dumb machine eliminated today plastic products assembled snapping part parts held plastic hooks called toy tabs alternative approach tabs place part top join sonic welding approach limited extent industry successful products redesigned robot assembly robots significant factor assembly applications type assembly operation robots successfully applied electronic circuit board assembly thousands circuit boards assembled custom machine set assembly electronic circuit boards assembled batches hundred instances setup large custom assembly machine cost justifiable stuffing electronic components boards hand expensive
modern automobiles computers electronic devices control aspects vehicle operation computers control fuel flow engine operation gear shifting automatic transmissions shock absorber settings computerized electronic systems lightweight compact contribute operation comfort modern automobiles expensive servicing highly technical systems parts requires special knowledge diagnostic equipment figure cases parts repaired simply removed replaced fail average age automobiles service ranges parts country common practice motorists replace automobiles increased prices automobiles higher interest rates persuaded vehicles longer longer automobile operated maintenance repairs requires nonetheless costs considerably lower investment required vehicle states laws require periodic inspections passenger vehicles cases vehicles pass exhaust emissions safety inspections registration renewed vehicles fail inspections brought standards owners expense federal regulations governing emissions control minimum fuel mileage standards require installation special devices devices require service function properly laws setting emissions fuel economy standards increasing amount service performed automobiles automotive mechanics employed variety automotive businesses businesses offer full range automotive maintenance repair services offer types services career standpoint important facts stand
thread spiral groove inside fastener spiral groove creates mates identical spiral groove form holding sealing surface fasteners threads called threaded fasteners threaded fasteners frequently automobiles screw threaded fastener turns threaded hole screw threads external threads screw holds parts capscrew common fastener capscrew sided hexagonal head figure capscrew called hex head screw holds larger parts machine screw similar capscrew figure machine screw slotted head slots accommodate head screwdriver machine screw holds smaller automotive parts hollow head allen head screw shown figure allen head screws slotted machine screws special tools called allen wrenches turn allen head screws sheet metal screw join pieces sheet metal sheet metal thin metal body metal sheet metal screw tapered pointed end figure started easily small hole started sheet metal threads wide screw cut hold screwed tapping screws cut threads metal tapping screw harder metal fastened external thread makes internal threads screw tightened place figure bolt fastener external threads
functions coolant prevent liquid freezing cooling system coolant discussed unit check coolant condition coolant hydrometer figure typical coolant hydrometer consists suction tube reservoir float rubber bulb suction tube radiator rubber bulb squeezed suction draws coolant radiator reservoir quality coolant registered float inside reservoir measuring tools operated automobile electrical system plugged wall socket assist diagnosing problems called electric measuring tools check electrical flow wiring continuity tester continuity tester tapered metal probe attached handle light bulb inside figure bulb shines power flowing tester called circuit tester test lamp testers called powered test lights battery voltmeter called battery tester check amount voltage delivered battery voltmeter consists indicator voltage measurements connecting lead figure battery able provide maintain level electrical current check electrical performance battery load tester battery load tester connected battery figure tester draws current battery quickly instruments load tester battery condition electric current flow battery alternator measured ammeter electrical flow discussed unit ammeter pointer light battery charged figure
driving higher elevations atmospheric pressure decreases boiling temperature reduced feet increased elevation boiling temperature drops degrees degrees coolant overheats pressure builds relief valve spring eventually lifts pressure seal hot expanding coolant flows radiator neck overflow tube engine cools coolant contracts forming low pressure area radiator cooling system vacuum vent valve air drawn fill vacuum prevents thin walls radiator crushed atmospheric pressure actions shown figure coolant recovery system illustrated figure system consists special pressure cap upper sealing gasket overflow tube recovery container coolant recovery systems standard equipment vehicle vehicles systems air space raditor neck allow space hot coolant expansion coolant expands level forced flow radiator lost coolant recovery system heated coolant flows recovery container engine cools low pressure area formed radiator atmospheric pressure forces coolant system preventing loss keeping system full manner coolant loss eliminated excess air system air oxygen combines metals cooling system form rust corrosion hot liquid heater system shown figure part cooling system heated coolant flows heater hoses small heater core radiator located hollow container side firewall
driver presses accelerator suddenly accelerate vacuum intake manifold drops momentarily occurs restriction caused throttle plate completely removed atmospheric pressure forces air intake manifold vacuum drops discharge fuel idle idle ports slows transition change takes place fuel discharging idle circuit fuel begins discharge main metering discharge port venturi area period change results lean mixture engine cough stall richen mixture quickly accelerator pump shown figure accelerator pump consist synthetic rubber plunger cylinder filled fuel flexible diaphragm small container fuel check ball spring prevent fuel flowing passage carburetor bore exception accelerator pedal depressed quickly plunger diaphragm operated mechanical linkage vacuum accelerator depressed suddenly plunger diaphragm moves forces fuel flow past check ball discharge port nozzle carburetor bore momentary shot fuel enriches mixture engine pick speed smoothly air flow speeds venturi accelerator pump fuel supply refills fuel float bowl air fuel mixture acceleration ranges cruising speeds engine rpm higher air flow carburetor bore venturi draw fuel directly float bowl main metering circuit
especially careful replacing carburetor float air horn assemblies parts fit force disassemble inspect carefully misplaced bent parts prevent reassembly refer manufacturer service manual correct reassembly sequence tighten screws attaching parts manufacturer torque proper pattern sequence reconnect external linkage bench adjustments required carburetor replacement essentially reverse removal carburetor base gaskets properly positioned refer drawings notes disconnection reconnect throttle choke mechanical linkages correctly replace disconnected wires hoses tubes reconnect battery disable ignition system crank engine allow fuel pump supply fuel carburetor check fuel leaks safety caution fire extinguisher capable extinguishing class fires fully charged readily explosion fire occur wear eye protection starting procedures correct fuel leakage problems external adjustments checks external float level check general motors vehicles figure preliminary idle mixture screw adjustments gently bottom idle mixture screws hand unscrew screws full turns outward provide rich mixture adequate starting preliminary automatic choke fast idle cam speed adjustments start vehicle let warm normal operating temperature check proper choke operation warm
battery supplies electrical power motor crank engine starting starting motor electromagnetism produce motion basic starting system consists elements parts control protect starting motor engine vehicle types starter control mechanisms passenger vehicles start engine crankshaft turned pistons valves begin move fuel system supplies fuel cylinders draw air fuel mixture ignition system unit ignites mixture engine begins run early vehicles crankshaft turned hand metal cranking rod engineer named charles kettering invented starter starter battery switch powerful electric motor turn crankshaft flywheel attached end engine crankshaft gear teeth gear teeth cut flywheel separate attached ring gear starter motor pinion small drive gear pinion gear meshes flywheel gear teeth turn crankshaft figure gear teeth mesh starting disengaged electromagnetism supplies turning power electric motor magnetic fields oppose produce turning force turning force torque turn starter pinion gear figure shows conductor horseshoe shaped magnet continuous lines magnetic force magnet move north south poles electrical current flows conductor concentric circles magnetic force produced conductor flow magnetic force side conductor opposite magnet
short length hose mechanic stethoscope check bearing noise safety caution noise checks engine running caution fan belts moving parts alternator end hose carefully alternator pulley probe mechanic stethoscope alternator housing bearing excessive bearing noise requires alternator disassembled bearing replaced refer topic charging system problems include single unit combination units alternator regulator battery indicator wiring need checked determine problem troubleshooting charts helpful logically tracking charging system problem figure shows troubleshooting chart ford motor company vehicles charging system electrical tests include charging voltage alternator output oscilloscope trace circuit resistance voltage drop charging system electrical tests obvious problems corrected loose damaged belts tightened replaced corroded battery connections cleaned engine idle speed adjusted addition battery tested recharged unit isolate undercharging tests performed charging voltage alternator output charging voltage test charging system boost battery voltage engine voltmeter connected battery terminals voltage reading noted later engine started run fast idle rpm minutes voltage increase approximately volts original reading figure increase normal charging system operation voltage increase approximately volts alternator output test
wires vehicle circuits grouped harnesses bundles individual wires color coded aid identification wires connected common source power ground circuit protection devices include fuses fusible links circuit breakers relays place heavy duty switches conduct large current flows wiring diagram road map path current flow individual circuits warning devices instruments alert driver problem conditions sending units lights gauges indicating devices operate mechanically electrically electrical devices include lighting warning indicating devices comfort accessories discussed unit electricity flows source conductors electrical load source roughly circular path electricity flows called circuit addition charging starting systems electrical system circuits include circuits lighting indicating accessory circuits simplified diagram automotive electrical system shown figure electrical unit vehicle part specific circuit lights radios windshield wiper motors blower motors units separate circuit physically series parallel series parallel circuits electrically interconnected figure shared source power common ground decrease separate connections figure units physically close instruments lights instrument panel common connections wires sizes run vehicle figure wires grouped harnesses harness bundled group wires
air injection system checks include vacuum hose air hose distribution manifold conditions drive operation diverter valve operation damaged defective parts replaced loose drive belts tightened note air pumps late model chrysler products driven camshaft refer specific chrysler corporation service manuals proper servicing procedures exhaust gas pulse air injection systems trouble free check evidence scorched paint burned metal pipes valve units replace exhaust pulse valves manifolds defects found air pump output checked removing output hoses holding hand ends strong continuous gush air felt outlets pump need replacement air pumps vane type pumps illustrated figure vane type pump vanes blades compress air fanlike assembly drive pulley centrifugal force remove contaminant particles intake air figure shops install rebuilt air pump servicing defective pumps air pump defective loosen remove drive belt mark hoses proper reassembly loosen remove pivot adjusting bolts braces hoses remove replace air pump figure diverter valve operation checked starting engine holding throttle high idle rpm throttle released suddenly air forced diverter bypass valve outlets figure rush air heard felt fingers diverter valve checked hand vacuum pump apply vacuum control diaphragm signal line connection check diverted air bypass holes
cylinder block cleaned scrubbing hot water detergent stiff bristle brush bottle brushes throughly scrub cylinders crankcase camshaft bore openings caution cylinder block cleaned traces abrasives metal chips quickly wear cylinder bores crankshaft camshaft journals bearings gasoline kerosene clean cylinder block washing swab bores repeatedly clean engine oil lint free cloth trace iron abrasive particles left camshaft bearings pushrod engines standard undersize journals undersize journals result machining operations remove scoring problems camshaft cases removal tool pull press camshaft bearings block cases special tools push camshaft bearings place camshaft bearing oil holes aligned cylinder block oil galleries insertion bearing installation check oil hole alignment shown figure note manufacturers recommend special break oil cams coated special lubricant camshaft timing gear attached camshaft shaft inserted bore retaining devices connected tightened manufacturer torque cylinder block soft plugs replaced manner cylinder head soft plugs refer topic replacement procedures types rear main bearing oil seals modern automobiles rope type seal engines coated oil type seal pressed rolled groove rear main bearing shown figure
service performed manual transmissions preventive maintenance inspection transmission problems requires removing reinstalling transmission unit discusses preventive maintenance diagnosis servicing manual transmissions transmission heaviest assemblies amy removed automovile transmission service tasks require automovile raised supported safely proper jacks supporting tools essential servicing transmissions transmission removed vehicle engine supported failure support engine transmission lead personal injury damage vehicle essential helper assist procedures hot transmission oil transmission exhaust system parts severe burns let vehicle cool begun underside vehicle dirty dirt foreign ovjects fall eyes service procedures wear safety gl glasses goggles working vehicle reassembling parts transmission sure transmission heaviest assemblies removed automobile transmission service tasks require automobile raised supported safely proper jacks supporting tools essential servicing transmissions transmission removed vehicle engine supported failure support engine transmission lead personal injury damage vehicle essential helper assist procedures hot transmission oil transmission exhaust system parts severe burns let vehicle cool begun underside vehicle dirty dirt foreign objects fall eyes service procedures wear safety glasses goggles working vehicle reassembling parts transmission sure parts lubricated reinstalled spin dry bearings compressed air damage bearings preventive maintenance includes checking draining oil lubricating gearshift linkage transmission lubricant level checked regular intervals chassis lubrications raise automobile hoist check transmission lubricant level vehicle level obtain accurate reading plugs located side transmission shown figure fill plug removed check lubricant level drain plug drain bolt removed drain lubricant
wheel runout measured points figure mark runout high points wheel runout readings exceed specifications tire runout exceeds specifications wheel runout satisfactory relocate tire deflate tire turn wheel position high point marks degrees original locations tire runout brought specifications replace tire wheel runout specifications replace wheel servicing tires wheels means replacing tires tire wheel removed disassembled parts inspected reused wheel covers hubcaps removed automobile lifted hoist jack sure automobile supported properly place wheel cover hubcap wheel loosen lug nuts lug wrench impact wrench lug nuts loosened slightly automobile raised automobiles wheels left side automobile left hand threads side automobile hand threads case ends studs marked remove lug nuts place inside wheel cover hubcap wheel prevent loss remove wheels tire remounted serviced chalk mark sidewall rim tire replaced close original position wheel balancing easier rebalance tire wheel assembly service tire repairs change wheel balance release air tire valve try remove beads wheel rim tire deflated completely
hydraulic system free air proper operation air system affect operation brakes point stop vehicle eliminate air bleed brake system bleeding process forcing fluid brake lines bleeder valve bleeder screw fluid eliminates air system bleeder screws valves fastened wheel cylinders calipers bleeder cleaned drain hose connected bleeder glass jar figure types brake bleeding procedures manual bleeding pressure bleeding follow manufacturer recommendations bleeding brakes sequence bleeding performed critical bleeding power brake system remove vacuum line power unit plug unit remove vacuum engine pump brake pedal times caution fresh brake fluid bleeding system fluid drained drained fluid contaminated damage system manual bleeding procedure requires person operates bleeder brake pedal bleed wheel caution sure bleeder hose surface liquid times allow master cylinder run fluid precautions air enter system bled master cylinder cover place place bleeder hose jar position helper pump brake pedal times hold moderate pressure
safety theft convenience switches located close driver neutral start switch prevents automobile started gear locking steering wheel switch theft device prevents steering wheel turned ignition key removed seat adjustment switch affect safety driver convenience adjustment driver positioned view surroundings switches operate automatically rollover switch automobile rolls involved type accident fuel engine shut helps prevent possibility fire safety switch shut engine oil pressure low important aware switches located low oil pressure course engine damage driver attention immediately annoying sounding buzzers safety warnings key left ignition switch driver door opened buzzer sound unbuckled seat belts headlights left activate buzzers manufacturers chimes voices recorded simulated warning abrupt rain snow ice mist windows obstruct driver vision number devices clear windshield windows vision obscured windshield wiper remove moisture dirt windshield figure windshield washer sprays cleaning solvent windshield rear window help wiper remove dirt rear window wipers washers automobiles fogged steamed window inside automobile cleared defroster
foundations national consciousness remained remarkably stable generations makeup distribution contrary nation immigrants internal migrants mix races ethnic groups religions change constantly relative population mix regions president franklin roosevelt spoke daughters american revolution members white protestant conservative claim descent women fought american side war independence president speech began greeting fellow immigrants describe audience offspring immigrants revolutionists roosevelt ancestor isaac roosevelt leader british party york revolution americans descend recent immigrants fewer ago european settlers arrived britain sizable minorities netherlands germany scandinavia mainly white mainly british mainly protestant ireland large immigration roman catholics arrival en masse provoked riots cities created antiforeign movement immigrants resembled existing population culture outlook religion immigration absorbed trouble pattern immigration changed women children immigration societies unlike united states large numbers eastern orthodox roman catholic peasants southern eastern europe jews mainly eastern europe
puritans founded england spiritual fathers mothers moralist political subculture drew inspiration regarded politics getting want creating society improving human beings moralist subculture spread west minnesota dakotas peopled largely northern european immigrants steeped dissenting protestantism voters live states strong moralist influence believe government act effectively tolerate incompetence tolerate governmental corruption prone support reform movements major political parties political subculture individualism assumes point politics help individuals want politics view business tradition political leaders tolerate corruption ideology consistent political principles chapter promised land political machines bosses patronage states influenced individualist political subculture span belt running middle atlantic states westward lower midwest area large number immigrants ireland southern eastern europe moralist political subculture traditionalism holds individuals noisy harmful desires sole end politics values embraced traditionalist subculture family community tradition ideal perfection lies future past ideal achieved accepting inevitable struggling states south dominated subculture lack strong political parties
parliamentary system emerged mature form britain early strong parties governments changed continually dependable majorities parliament government lost important vote resign british politicians parliamentary system strong parties create dependable majorities late strong parties emerged onward leaders governing party leaders british government able compel members party parliament support moments grave political crisis power fail political scientists say cabinet important leaders sovereign rate cabinet executive clearly independence parliament mere definitions suggest parliamentary fact fundamental similarity civil liberties civil liberties enjoyed britain democratic parliamentary states theory parliament accept idea natural rights rights limit sovereignty practice parliament passes laws compelling believe simply political cultures united states britain common tends political systems parliamentary system britain democracies didn delegates constitutional convention set parliamentary system
started june hurok office received routine request howard university asking marian anderson concert hurok named date april reservation requested constitution hall large auditorium washington sorry replied officers daughters american revolution members claim descent soldiers american revolution owners hall date hurok suggested dates replied investigation showed clause rental contract prohibited negroes appearing shocked leading musicians marian canceled concerts constitution hall journalists government religious leaders public private citizens alike rose insult american democracy stand ashamed play constitution hall jascha heifitz leading violinists monstrous stupid things happened america heywood broun journalist walter damrosch composer conductor deems taylor critic lawrence tibbett metropolitan star president american guild musical artists fiorello la mayor york city hundreds wires protest wired deems taylor action subverts clear meaning constitution bill rights places organization camp seek destroy democracy justice liberty climax syndicated newspaper column eleanor roosevelt wife president franklin roosevelt announced resignation newspapers country headlined resignation wave
century ago american political parties stronger today chapter started weaken turn century interest groups central politics groups tend formed waves waves history wave coincided emergence radio telephones national magazines developments country shared national ideas millions immigrants chapter arrived complex society complex business technology specialized specialty interests defend needed group groups defend government began intervene aspects domestic policy sea interest groups swim laws programs agencies bureaucracies produce interest groups government initiated policy interest group formed represent affected motives join interest groups set motives stands economic important doubts important economic interpretations behavior wrongly equated marxism fact widespread james madison fourth president father constitution chapter argued chief faction competition groups interests unequal division property kind economic conflict regional conflict
president reagan hoped israel conservative arab states submerge differences greater opposing soviet designs middle east oil fields april president announced united states sell billion worth military equipment saudis including awacs planes americans opposed deal feared aircraft israel pro soviet states law passed house representatives senate veto deal passing resolutions disapproval thirty days october congress formally notified sale battle joined mid october democratic controlled house voted president foreign policy defeat congress end sale houses vote senate took question late october president chances looked bleak opposition led oregon senator robert packwood republican white house admitted senators leaning sale reject october senate foreign relations committee voted president votes things going sale happened fight interest groups likened boxing awacs struggle heavyweight bout contenders strongest forces pressure system white house petroleum industry defense industry israeli lobby ronald reagan president invincible magazine paying homage gifts lobbyist called persuader
jacksonian party system destroyed national debate slavery democratic majority congress opened slavery territories excluded missouri compromise resulting political explosion destroyed whig party north heavily damaged democratic party explosion republican party dominate free states free states carried republican party presidential nominee president abraham lincoln party wished slavery permanently states dominated promised give northeastern manufacturers protective tariffs chapter adequate banking system give free lands farmers political realignment reorganized american electoral politics sectional lines lincoln received popular votes eleven states seceded union election free states clear majority popular vote candidates republican party captured hearts minds northeast midwest especially protestants farms small towns democrats party south support catholic immigrants north cities lines cleavage remain clearly visible century later south mason dixon line voter turnouts depressed party politics rose high percent parties organized vigorous identified major party voters commonly voted straight party tickets
agreed wallace parties alike reason wallace center american politics point view parties alike prohibitionist impressed fact ronald reagan jimmy carter drink alcohol political differences think parties alike reason political scientist calls democratic party internal party system democrats divided house speaker thomas tip points democratic country separate parties parties democratic party neutralize realignment democrats majority party united states forged coalition basic social groups white southerners labor unionists northern ethnics blacks middle class liberals united deal coalition remained distinct ways hostile joined economic crisis drifted prosperity war ii adlai stevenson democratic presidential candidate want live republican vote democrat fact living thought living republicans voted republicans prosperity feature steady silent social revolution undermined coalition assimilated children ethnic parents feel loyal democrats ethnic parents
realigning election republican party overwhelmingly dominant industrial areas northeast midwest democrats party narrow sectional parochial interests especially south depression democrats office proved trusted affairs modern industrial society true republican party split teddy roosevelt william howard taft democrats took white house woodrow wilson socialist party break party system united states entered war socialists faded electorate returned normalcy republicans warren harding later democrats nominated probusiness conservative john davis republicans nominated probusiness conservative calvin coolidge dominance conservative interests disturbed campaign party candidate robert lafollette notable republican senator wisconsin ran progressive party ticket backed american federation labor chapter lafollette actually beat coolidge cleveland pittsburgh san francisco lafollette lost showed makings farmer labor coalition lay streets democrats message nominated progressive governor york alfred smith roman catholic win major party presidential nomination republican opponent herbert hoover famous humanitarian engineer cut mold election dominated issues smith catholicism prohibition alcohol adopted national policy
look chart shows organization defense department face looks clear top shown president united states commander chief armed forces land sea air president head department secretary defense secretary chief assistant deputy secretary officials head department staff advisory units line units operate programs level assistant secretaries legislative affairs public affairs secretaries defense policy research engineering secretary officials preside department armed forces comprise separate fighting services army navy including marines air force secretaries secretaries assistant secretaries officials mentioned civilians policy administer programs command military units job uniformed personnel fighting unit ultimately responsible chiefs staff army air force chief naval operations marine corps commandant joint chiefs staff reports directly secretary defense high ranking officials military officers million uniformed women civilians actually defend united states details organization important top secretary deputy secretary assistant secretaries secretaries details vary department department
house incumbents enjoy high rate survival reason congressional districts designed protect seats house reapportioned ten federal census states gain population gain seats house vice versa census york lost congressional seats florida gained states rearrange boundaries congressional districts boundaries drawn legislatures part lights party advantage assume house districts drawn imaginary city gerryburgh residents republicans live north gerryburgh thirds democrats living south gerryburgh legislature draws city districts follow basic rule handed supreme court exactly equal population gerryburgh district line drawn north south creating equal districts democrats republicans drawn east west creating district democrats mixture democrats republicans legislature controlled democrats choice clear safe district marginal district beats marginal districts gerrymanders invented tremendous advantage house incumbents enjoy signs incumbent insulation effect electoral data doubt professionalization house career goes earlier turn twentieth century fact
unrestricted debate created colorful american political traditions filibuster group senators attempts defeat bill prolonged debate filibusterers replace drone weeks wear colleagues senate quorum minimum number senators required carry business demand quorum call senators opposing side quickly senate chamber register presence muster sufficient numbers bill dies want quorum recently filibusters organized conservatives southerners seeking obstruct civil rights bills solo record matters held redoubtable senator strom thurmond spoke break hours minutes failed effort kill civil rights act speech included readings washington telephone book senator remarkable length celebrated recipe shrimp stew delicious accounts accounts congressional record recent liberals increasingly resorted filibusters obstruct legislation desired conservatives mid instance able talk death proposed antiabortion amendment offered senator jesse helms supported president reagan early farm senators held filibuster confirmation edwin meese attorney general senators concerned meese confirmation demanding loan money farmers bankrupt spring planting
precisely avoid infuriating difficulties presidents try bypass senate altogether signing executive agreements treaties foreign powers agreements history rush agreement demilitarized lakes force famous executive agreement britain destroyer deal forty american destroyers britain return term leases naval bases western hemisphere presidents argue executive agreements treaties mere attempts care laws faithfully executed destroyer deal attorney general suggested president power dispose position armed forces united states included power dispose armed forces united states president commander chief armed forces rank meant confer constitutional power declare war power explicitly reserved congress commander chief president power repel sudden attacks circumstances war words ability war distinct constitutional power declare coexist uneasily nonetheless president strictest sense constitutional power war start nineteenth century supreme court ruled congress initiate hostile acts foreign powers president stay limits set congress court concede president resist sudden attacks including acts insurrection
reasonably sure wins presidential election united states office appointed standards system government inconceivably strong legitimate eyes system real weaknesses course don read textbook discover fill newspapers television shows mention everyday john kennedy assassination repudiated presidents defeated war unpopular war divided deeply national security democratic republican administrations committed misdeeds possibly squared democratic values fullness mentality national security penetrated domestic politics gave birth watergate affair president richard nixon forced office national consensus threats democracy aspects national consensus unraveling late weight federal spending shifted traditional categories defense foreign relations domestic social programs controversial congress created funded programs believing economic growth rapid roll forever assumption cruelly falsified inflation stagnation eventually depression decades coming civil rights revolution forced country pay attention needs demands black citizens demands policies generated controversial
disagreement ideas bone muscle free society proclaiming vigor american dream decay political tradition speaks voices tradition easily find room libertarian conservatism social democracy left remember separates human beings beasts field ability reflect condition change want doubt change ways run philosophers poets dreamers president reagan won election supporters ideas vision based losers greater tread mighty armies idea deal problem agree exists resolved aspect politics important agenda belief address issues kinds solutions political conflict intercollegiate debate opponents agree advance definition issues matter fact definition alternatives supreme instrument power antagonists rarely agree issues power involved definition determines politics runs country definition alternatives choice conflicts choice conflicts allocates power main players effort shape national agenda
wrong couldn put finger knew feeling nagged dismissed hard troubled standing grassy hills fresh winds exotic land brushing face ship beagle lay anchor coast argentina young naturalist miles inland glad ashore crossing argentine pampas horseback joyous adventure charles darwin father grandfather wealthiest famous physicians england charles expected follow footsteps age medical school found ill sight blood nearly fainted witnessing operation saved disgrace rushing room point charles mortified told father care shooting dogs ratcatching disgrace family charles tried law aptitude soon shuttled training clergy duly enrolled divinity school cambridge promptly showed aptitude divinity medicine curriculum included classics loathed mathematics couldn understand wrote friend trouble mathematics stick fast mud bottom remain college experience pleasant aspects insect rock collecting cambridge found friend teachers reverend john henslow botanist clergyman walks countryside cambridge discuss natural history area darwin known walks henslow
fat carbon carbon double bonds unsaturated double bond called polyunsaturated common fatty acids carbon carbon double bonds oleic acid vegetable oil linolenic acid linseed oil highly saturated fats tend high melting points tend remain solid lard room temperature polyunsaturated fats tend low melting points tend remain liquid oily simply vegetable oils peanut oil largely unsaturated explains oils fashioned peanut butter separate forming layer surface spills open jar problem solved food industry hydrogenation partially saturating oil hydrogen adding hydrogenated oil forming harder fat separate room temperature membranes cells rich unsaturated fatty acids chemical processes human metabolism form double bonds include small amount unsaturated fats diet chapter discuss dietary controversy grown increased unsaturated fats foods triglycerides concentrated energy storage compounds bodies yield energy gram dry weight carbohydrates protein difference marked calories gram wet weight carbohydrates protein absorb water fat molecular properties fats ideal energy storage molecules plants store triglycerides seeds kinds animals store body fat adaptation lean seasons migration humans store fat skin internal organs agriculture food storage techniques largely exempted rigors seasonal food depletion stored fats serve purposes insulation flotation blubber sea mammals serves purposes
cells tiny seen systems complex understood problem presented enduring challenge cells shift critical materials delicate processes continue cells remain active require constant uptake vital substances constant output metabolic wastes instances special substances produce obviously materials moving cells pass vital envelope called plasma membrane begin search mechanisms movement plasma membrane critical structure granted role living envelope cell refused believe existed understandable plasma membrane thin existence structure postulated entirely circumstantial evidence advent transmission electron microscope tem circumstantial evidence gathered observations regulating passage materials living cells circumstantial evidence suggested composition membrane postulated membrane lipid core simply lipid soluble materials lipid solvents readily pass water passes membrane slower rate scientists believed membrane water admitting pores surrounded proteins ideas generally target transmission electron microscope visual evidence verified membrane theorists proposed membranes viewed tem look dark lines separated clear line figure clear line turns nanometers nm wide happens average length hydrocarbon tails membrane phospholipids
refinement central dogma biologists finally knew chemical structure gene basic mechanism expresses information major question remained controls transcription question proven difficult partly fact numerous mechanisms organisms human chromosomes carry estimated pairs protein coding genes record coli tenth number geners dna human genes genes active cells body look things order specialization occur genes active shut genes eukaryotes turned course cell specialization response environmental stimuli don answers beginning shape instance known genes activated hormones fair amount known hormone action picture gene control eukaryotes hazy mechanisms gene control prokaryotes bacteria understood turn small contemporaries shortly crick put idea central dogma molecular biologists trying genetic code mechanism protein synthesis french microbiologists concluding experimental program francois jacob jacques monod reveiled model bacterial gene organization control called system included set genes things influenced operon molecular biology suddenly took huge leap forward jacob monod knew escherichia coli enzymes produced constantly
occasionally hear trip spain boasting fought bull fact noun mind learn bullfight actually heifer young cow times guests invited ranches fighting bulls bred watch ranchers test young cows determine stock breeding part festivities guests invited try hand caping heifer ranchers think festive watching gringos trying stand ground angry cow professionally ranchers interested cows fight traditionally accepted circles fighting bull strength father courage mother origin beliefs lost tradition evident applied principles genetics knew genes charles darwin son gentleman farmer aware basic principle inheritance offspring tend resemble parents offspring heavier animals knew tended heaviness cows daughters high yielding milk producers tended produce milk traits tend transmitted generation generation darwin century greatest biologist greatest geneticists ideas heredity wrong darwin chief mistake accept intellectually respectable theory blending inheritance believed blood hereditary traits parents blended offspring colors ink blend mixed blending hypothesis appeared reasonably traits height weight continuous gradation values couldn account observations
idea plasmids genesplicing techniques introduced paul berg late possibilities dramatic bizarre technology immediately spawned raging controversy trouble started invented techniques called research moratorium give consider dangers say dangers scare risks continuing benefits technique offer supporters gene splicing technology claimed held promise humanity pressing problems soon solved spoke glowingly cancer cures end genetic disease visualized end hunger synthesis plants combine say productivity maize nitrogen fixing ability protein yield peanuts principal benefit minds proponents scientists able experiments learn things faster scoff practical benefits realized horizon thousands growth hormone deficient grow normal height help human growth hormone synthesized bacterial cells techniques developed growth hormone extracted pituitary glands human cadavers prohibitively expensive glands cadavers needed dose thousand seriously undersized adolescents treated extent grew normal height feet tall age soon shorter wants blessing cavalier tampering nature
rhodophyta rhodo red phyrta plants include species called red algae pigments phycocyanin meaning algal blue green phycoerythrin meaning algal red chlorophyll chlorophyll oxidation product chlorophyll pigments red algae strikingly similar prokaryotic cyanobacteria chapter flagella cilia typically found rest eukaryotes found red algae sperm called spermatia lack tails float passively receptive female cells red algae aquatic nearly marine figure undoubtedly seen red algae looked tide pool fact red algae comprise large portion commonly call seaweed recognize red algae green black blue violet growing low tide red actually color identify species individuals species found colors depths believed adaptive response changing intensity light photosynthesis marine red algae grow primarily rocky coasts attach firmly seabed specialized structures known holdfasts holdfasts simply anchors roots algae grow water need root system extraction water minerals red algae store foods form starch called floridean starch produce number polysaccharides agaragar agar short indonesians thicken soup biologists jellylike medium grow bacteria bacteria metabolize agar nutrients added
familiar dicot seeds foods peas beans peanuts seeds eaten alteration embryo miniature sporophyte sporting large food laden cotyledons storage organ takes dicot seed peanut remove shell fruit examine seed structure consists cotyledons separate cotyledons carefully rest embryo miniature plant attached side let look events lead seed formation fertilization ovule embryo sac diploid zygote primary endosperm nucleus layers surrounding supporting diploid cells maternal tissue figure convenience follows divided events developments endosperm growth cotyledons growth rest embryo embryo axis called primary endosperm nuclei divide continuously multinucleate mass surrounds zygote figures stage carried extreme coconut monocot coconut milk mass white fluid endosperm cytoplasm free nuclei floating ultimately dicot seeds cell walls laid endosperm nuclei zygote begin develop embryo endosperm grown considerable size zygote begins series cell divisions eventually produce embryo divisions produce vertical row cells end row cell divisions speed important begin occur planes producing dimensional ball cells figure unlike cells animal embryos lack walls grow embryo takes form plant embryo cells chiefly cleavage planes rate ball cells embryo
charles darwin investigations evolution led wide array scientific fields field area behavior fact publication expression emotions animals foundation animal psychology darwin realized area complex basic questions remained unanswered sought reduce behavior simplest terms thought simpler studying behavior plants darwin plant psychologist say course tempted ask plants actually behave answer behavior considered response form movement darwin began studies interesting plant behavior insect eaters venus flytrap publication insectivorous plants july exquisite detail triggering plant response loss explain rapid movement accomplished changed focus research looked slower seemingly simpler behavior climbing plants tips climbing plants found move circles grow seeking twine object encountered tip eventually grows straight upward twig beanpole encountered slowly growing tip begins spiral tighten vines climbing plants reach heights producing thick woody supporting structures found trees figure darwin found hot shoot hop plant revolve hours minutes revolutions encountering tip darwin plant describing circle inches diameter looking closely darwin found movement discernible human eye
sense ability cell alter shape altered shape muscular movement involves altering cell shape vertebrate muscles divided types according microscopic structure nerves activate occur types smooth muscle cardiac muscle skeletal muscle smooth muscle called involuntary muscle visceral muscle terms tell voluntary control action found gut addition gut smooth muscle occurs internal organs walls blood vessels base hair iris eye uterus reproductive organs noticed hair rises involuntarily eerie conditions stop stomach growling meeting date parents call blush begun smooth muscle influences sex muscular control blood entering leaving genitals accounts responses erectile tissue smooth muscle control autonomic nervous system controls activities occur conscious level smooth muscle tissue logically smooth appearance lacking highly patterned striations cross stripes seen types muscle figure tends occur sheets bundles individual cells tapered spindle shaped single nucleus spite differences cardiac skeletal muscle smooth muscle contractile proteins cardiac muscle heart muscle unique cardiac muscle things common smooth skeletal muscle smooth muscle heart largely control autonomic nervous system skeletal muscle cardiac muscle cells cylindrical striated striped
body surface skin respiratory interface occurs number unrelated groups apparently simple solution problem gas exchange severe restrictions recall general structure simpler sponges discussed earlier thin walled vaselike bodies permit simple exchange gases surrounding sea water current sea water carried hollow body flagellated collar cells remind sponges small complex sponges reach impressive size gases penetrate mass body surface exchange interface mass problem body vaselike riddled small canals canals lined collar cells create strong currents oxygen laden water reaches parts sponge body expelled osculum figure similarly species coelenterates jellyfish attain considerable size require specialized respiratory structures saclike bodies consist essentially cell layers virtually contact external environment outer body wall extensive gastrovascular cavity provide adequate exchange interface figures flatworms considerably dense coelenterates flat shape yields large surface area mass flatworms extensive highly branched gastrovascular cavity figure characteristics body mass exposed watery environment cells cell cell diffusion means exchanging gases environment course relies diffusion transport gases grow large volume quickly outgrow surface area foot planarian gliding favorite swimming hole ignore exist
animals sea live immersed complex solution ions including sodium potassium calcium magnesium chloride think cent sodium chloride content solution neglect totality presence solutes creates osmoregulatory problems animal inhabitants survive marine environment organisms adapt conflicting osmoregulatory conditions hypertonic medium solute concentration surroundings greater solute concentration cells tissues conversely water concentration greater inside cells tissues surroundings result opposing concentration gradients tendency marine animals continually gain ions lose water move respective gradients unchecked disastrous survive double threat marine animals evolved variety adaptive strategies place animal broad categories osmoconformers osmoregulators term osmoconformer implies solute concentration body simply conforms changing passively surroundings simply matches solute concentration isotonic seawater marine animals osmoconformers method requires energy expenditure limpet acmaea limatula resident intertidal zone figure commonly experiences salinity tides change runoff land dilutes surroundings fighting maintain internal salinity limpet simply conforms salinity remarkably body fluids remain isotonic salinity range reason effect animal similar change body solutes produce instant death
energy pyramids abstract academic apply dramatically human populations suggest fundamental lessons economics point economics ecology share things prefix including premises theories humans basically omnivores capable feeding trophic levels large part availability resources economic determines trophic level worst economic conditions generally feed primary consumer herbivore level reason clear energy stored primary level form calories feeding secondary level higher involves costly wasteful energy transfers energy primary level converted bodies cattle sheep hogs animal stocks figure instances affluent choose eat steak lamb impoverished tend eat cereals beans peas efficient utilize fishes seafood asians costs harvesting high protein sea food energy transfers chain costly terms human effort earth support larger population humans ate plant food true calories energy losses accompany energy transfers trophic level humans feeding herbivore level face problem nutritional quality common plant foods provide essential amino acids tryptophan methionine lysine chapter critical synthesis proteins absence essential amino acids daily diet lead infamous protein deficiency diseases kwashiorkor chronic problem parts africa figure critical amino acids provided legumes soybeans peas included diet daily basis
reproductive potential species slowest breeding incredibly high charles darwin estimated single pair elephants leave million descendants fact entire teeming elephants elephants reproducing successful selected environment elephants slow breeders species prolific reproductive potential housefly single shown table pleased report survive determines rate organism reproduces haven flies elephants entire surface earth apparent simple laws energetics allow elephant pregnant times female find food produce offspring happen helpless baby elephants born brothers sisters appeared scene puzzling learn animal theoretically reproduces biological limit limit depend number births hatchings number young safely reproductive age elephant single young measure fly reproductive output restraints manage let closer look restraints terms evolutionary theory attempt answer difficult questions populations led theory selection selection letters borrowed formulas population statistics earlier represent carrying capacity intrinsic rate increase selected species population growth curves closely resemble idealized shape
fundamental question human population irrevocably tied earth support human carrying capacity population studies species capacity exceeded environmental damage damage acts lower carrying capacity species escalating inevitable population crash range estimates earth carrying capacity wide words experts agree conservative estimates based factors suggest human population sustained temporarily billion programmed decreases occur lower stable number reached words billion actually overshoot programmed decrease fail occur crash follow crash simply means dramatic increase death rate calculated crash kill numbers population biologist paul erlich writing emphasized population stabilize die says ehrlich likely due combination famine war disease ecological disruption exception war rare species note common biotic density dependent regulators leave subject note cautious optimism reiterate population growth slowing trend heavily populated nations joined trend power family nations decreasing trend continued accentuated goal avoid chaos zpg population growth crude birth rate equals crude death rate contrary popular opinion united states achieved goal birth rate declined death rate fallen faster birth rate death rate inexorable quantities reach equality population growth cease
cases help begin answer questions cases show kinds political behavior give clues behave politically herbert henson rose slowly chair looked council chamber nervously room crowded angry supported knew ideas felt strongly try influence lakeville city council henson citizens lakeville members city council mayor harding beg follow advice build park west side young area place play neighborhood run children deserve city receiving city want left poor re part city henson sat amid shouts handclaps head council gaveled meeting order pointed tall dressed randolph floor robert randolph spoke agree park needed west side project wait need overpass sunnyside neighborhood kennedy elementary school let remind children sunnyside cross highway school busy highway amy wright alive today overpass busy street children die build overpass room quiet randolph sat spoke favor proposed overpass park
successful politicians mastered art making feel obligated politicians trade favors expected give return patronage clear trading favors politics patronage granting governmental favor exchange political support instance candidate mayor promises city jobs favors help candidate win election candidate wins fulfills promise city jobs friends mayor help getting desired ordinance passed city council mayors influence granting contracts liquor licenses supporters order trade favors control resources things trade bargaining position trader needs skill bargaining ample supply resources successful interest groups skillful traders favors return help passing law favors interest group help friendly legislators win reelection group give money energy skill members election campaigns lobbyists interest groups trade expert knowledge cooperation legislators lobbyists supposed experts special topics related group special interest lobbyists sierra club experts matters strip mining air pollution sierra club lobbyists provide facts members congress legislators environmental issues problems return hope win support lawmakers goals group
political decisions involving clear choices bad easy judgments involve conflict things think look statements freedom speech protection property ideals choice ideals conflict difficulty shows case study klan comes town pages recall mayor decide prevent ku klux klan holding rally city valued freedom speech valued public safety security order stop klan holding rally violate american tradition free speech public safety protected allow klan hold rally support tradition free speech raise risks public disorder resolve conflict public officials choose expense try factual judgments likely happen decision decide outcomes prefer involves judgment preferred outcome rule guide decisions case pages mayor lakeville city council judgment need build overpass busy highway tough decision expense living west end town building overpass meant park built west side
political role related political role role political leader president governor mayor related roles followers mayor supposed play political role law enforcer city city supposed play political roles law abiding citizens role voter related role elected public official vote candidate public office believe candidate elected things improve government play political role voter order influence government elected public officials supposed play political role satisfies voted fail play role face strong risk defeat election person takes political roles mayor play political roles law enforcer law obeyer voter winner election host visiting political leader ordinary citizen city play political roles law obeyer voter participant political rally discusser political affairs friend exactly personality persons behave politically exactly personality political behavior differences result differences socialization exist society political culture society learned exactly individual personality characteristics behavior distinguish person person reacting environment
groups command loyalty students loyal school cheer team rival team school clubs church groups civic organizations company political parties groups share loyalty hold loyalty group goals beliefs similar interest belong type loyalty strong beliefs times religious persecution christians jews willing die beliefs disloyal loyal idea private enterprise attached socialism sense national loyalty feeling nation learned early reciting pledge allegiance singing national anthem children learn national loyalty learn observing national holidays reading stories national heroes taking part youth groups scouts clubs school clubs helps young acquire political culture produce allegiance nation result political socialization americans tend identify nation say defeated germans war ii young fight say vietnam sense identification feel part acts american heroes landing moon excited russians landed feelings patriotism blind improper actions citizens actions condemn nations americans sense national loyalty sure mean thing
millions americans say republicans democrats party activity seldom goes casting occasional vote small percentage american citizens active part party affairs positions party leadership party leader mean national chairman precinct captain responsible city blocks voters formal organization major parties differs details varies city city nationwide similarities let look briefly party leadership positions statuses woman territory serve national committee major party win post return past services party tend strong party leaders states committee chief function arrange national convention held heading national committee national chairman party leader officially chosen committee practice picked party presidential nominee person major job help manage presidential campaign involves fund raising overseeing staff prepares campaign literature maintains speakers bureau times role calls settling arguments party candidates leaders official spokesperson party political leader target criticism party leader influence selecting party candidates setting policy control party leaders levels major parties congressional campaign committee independent body aids members congress battle reelection
prior majority black adults registered part public elections rising political awareness blacks laws protect extend voting rights led big rise participation black public elections percent voting age blacks registered vote passage voting rights act number rose percent graph page compares voter registration eleven southern states voting rights act big rise black voters sign potential black power voters achieved effective vote political resource look status blacks wide ballot voting real impact link black votes ability blacks influence government congress passed major civil rights laws laws boosted opportunities black education jobs housing public facilities laws simply rise voting blacks unusual concern rights minorities poor win equal rights blacks tactics ballot took part picketing boycotts sit ins protest marches black voting activities helped laws black voters chance help swing close election president blacks live large cities big states electoral votes
announcement black students monday baxter able think doubt election permitted run usual black chosen cheerleader capable black candidates series small fights black white students created ill feeling angry white students vote white candidates cheerleader try outs elections conducted student council baxter tried avoid interfering matters student council responsibility past tried influence student council decision caused student uproar student council met tuesday announcement black students decided present system electing cheerleaders democratic process imaginable elections planned baxter discussed entire issue faculty meeting wednesday faculty badly divided angry blacks threatened trouble giving demands sympathetic black demands argued elections held discrimination blacks elections school simply cheerleaders coaches fearful black walkout chances winning season urged positions saved black black students compete slot white candidates competed positions meantime baxter getting advice sources newspaper ran story problem webster high noted racial harmony webster city depended problem resolved
constitution says executive power vested president united states chief executive president sees laws congress carried put operation laws provide services mail delivered meat inspected stock market supervised air traffic regulated crime investigated dams built thousands activities require federal employees civil servants spend lives working government private business president appoint leaders activities workers help finally president duty sure business government carried unusual hear president blamed poor postal service inflation energy crisis lack housing scores things clear president begin working government supervise activities president hope women appointed supervise activities honestly efficiently government meets duties citizens easy role chief executive frustrating constitution clearly says function congress pass laws president legislative duties president veto bills passed congress prevent law president ask laws form messages reports congress topics president union address start session congress sends special messages
july president lyndon johnson signed civil rights act law deep influence american practices suffered blacks america judged illegal exactly president john kennedy urged congress pass strong civil rights law place influence passage civil rights legislation events give chance legislative role played civil rights issue lawmakers bill civil rights congress failed executive action result supreme court decisions civil rights ethnic minorities especially black accepted efforts pass laws racial discrimination failed civil rights bills finally passed weakened compromise failed achieve purpose apparently president kennedy intended civil rights major part legislative program issue mentioned union message concerned getting bills passed including tax reduction plan foreseen big civil rights issue storm black protest sweeping southern part united states freedom rides sit ins boycotts freedom marches picketing focusing attention nation complaints black demands legal hundred lincoln emancipation proclamation famous freedom edict blacks united states especially south feel free
drove office senator williams listened latest news ersatz car radio americans kidnapped making total fifty americans cars homes cases offices captured leaving terror stricken wives children air force general george patrick quoted recommended dropping paratroopers ersatz rescue americans helicopters airlift americans department defense denied plan soviet union studying situation carefully russian diplomats warned problem united states intervened ersatz getting senator williams thought rebels moving city random opposition ersatz police government troops hours government fall maybe americans killed president pass diego resolution give blank check navy thinks invades rebels kill americans held hostage forces support present government soviet union china took action latin american nations invade neighbors president tried channels communication american diplomats rebel leaders don allies try negotiate behalf basis vote diego resolution
learned judges expected look statutory law precedent earlier decisions similar related cases reaching decision focus precedent reaching court decisions major judicial norm informal rule stare decisis means let decision stand effect rule tells judge consistent pay close attention earlier decisions related cases florida judge told clarence gideon obliged provide lawyer stare decisis norm precedent nearly fit gideon case betts brady page case supreme court judge obliged offer defendent noncapital criminal case court appointed lawyer stare decisis norm binding lower courts supreme court practice precedents stability legal system imagine confusion judges decide cases lawyers unable prepare cases clients parties court case sure rights legal system exist precedents social conditions times require interpretations law important decisions supreme court set precedents modify precedent supreme court modifies existing precedent gideon case ignore previous decisions justice black speaking majority gideon case precedent betts brady mistaken
rule making power local councils boards tends limited local units creatures school board makes policy schools district local board rules policies line set law rules department education counties townships saw chapter set chiefly carry law councils boards deal annual budget hand city councils tend rule making power local bodies cities set provide extra services set city councils fairly broad power regulate traffic parking land building construction business hours host things federal constitutions provide fairly clear separation executive legislative powers branch check lines authority pretty clear separation powers exist local level saw chapter commission form city government carry law weak mayor system city council tends exercise lot power city administration uncommon find local legislatures policy making bodies spend carrying policy making let look broad classes local policy making bodies kinds decisions city councils variety sizes members common places member represents section city ward
someday court asked serve jury called witness party lawsuit collect money owed worst accused committing crime bring court legal procedures developed secure justice protecting innocent reckless wrong charges local courts deal civil criminal cases civil suit arises dispute occurs businesses governments combinations civil suit involve person suing payment debt involve person suing business fulfilling contract involve group bringing lawsuit force city close dump causing pollution civil suits generally party seeks payment loss caused party stop party harmful likely harmful civil suits seek break change legal contracts divorce cases criminal cases arise person violates specific law prohibits action civil suit involves dispute persons groups criminal suit pits government presumed violator theory government represents public interest violate laws presumably harm government seeks punish lawbreakers behalf crimes generally classified felonies misdemeanors crimes called felonies
carleson actions appoint team assistants help bring reforms focused problems task force found finding rules eligible welfare stretched favor needy trying costs decision makers helping welfare rolls problem allowed claim big related expenses child care travel costs working woman children claim child care car expense took half pay expense account deciding welfare aid carleson found mother los area making month leave welfare response problems carleson replaced number officials rewriting vague loosely written rules allowed welfare checks months taking office carleson big drop rolls decline months carleson working rules set welfare laws clear problem laws judgment law changed needy help wanted real need live carleson governor reagan big issue held americans welfare job
thirdly language mean language accustomed daily language fit letter print fit talk series joking fun school home habit slang talk fit print sooner remember highest compliment paid thing printed paid person hearing read aloud thinks remark reader conversation writer reader receive highest praise short word piece weak english bad regards simply weak entertaining unlimited confidence intelligent patriotic devotion public interest conscious motives part separable honor advancement country hope privilege deserve secure cordial operation public measures relations mutual confidence regard desirable cultivate members ordinate branches government exercise translating shorter words strike unnecessary words stronger think sentence couched thirty words eighty think lost author meaning full trust sure seek honor advance country hope earn respect regard heartily fond telling story words distinguished friend mind accepting hard post duty
william phipps poor son born province maine country british rule boyhood youth tend sheep hills grown read write tired tending sheep apprenticed shipcarpenter spent hewing crooked limbs oak trees knees vessels twenty boston soon married rich widow lost money acquired marriage poor discouraged told wife rich build fair brick house green lane boston passed william phipps gained riches promised begun follow sea living happened hear spanish ship cast bahamas supposed deal gold silver phipps place small vessel hoping able recover treasure wreck succeed fishing gold silver pay expenses voyage returned told spanish galleon laden immense treasure cast porto plata ship lain fifty beneath waves story aged forgotten vessel wrecked william phipps resolved sunken treasure brought light
captain phipps sailed england rose algier cruised nearly west indies endeavoring find wreck spanish ship vain seamen discouraged gave hope making fortunes discovering spanish wreck finally broke open mutiny mastered phipps compelled obey orders dangerous continue longer sea crew mutinous sailors rose algier leaky unseaworthy captain phipps judged return england leaving west indies met spaniard remembered wreck spanish ship gave directions find spot reef rocks leagues porto plata arrival england captain phipps solicited king let vessel send west indies king james expected rose algier return laden gold refused thing affair phipps able renew search duke albemarle noblemen lent assistance fitted ship gave command captain phipps sailed england arrived safely porto plata took adz assisted built large boat boat intended purpose going closer reef rocks large vessel safely venture finished captain examine spot spanish ship wrecked accompanied indians skillful divers
breezes air blow ye list tide ocean ebbs flows ye move prisoner devoid motion sir pity give wings cried moon maiden pressing hands grief fisher heart touched pathos voice glittering tears give winged robe dance music yes sir dance music let put feather robe power motion suspicious mortal give wings fly straight heaven believe word heavenly doubting trust faith shamed face fisherman handed moon maiden feathered robe donned began dance poured sweet strains upright flute eye ear full rapture fisherman imagined heaven sang sweet song delights moon pleasure celestial residence fisherman overjoyed longed detain fairy begged dwell earth vain looked saw rising fresh breeze rippling face sea sprang wafted pearly maiden pine clad hills past fusiyama sweet music rained air fisherman strained eyes fresh fallen snow crest longer distinguish moon maiden fleecy clouds filled thin air pondering marvelous apparition fisherman resolved mark spot fairy descended earth prevailed simple villagers build railing stone sacred pine
war king nobles side england famous leader ruin royal authority rest contrast wrestling match king charles strong king overthrown discrowned monarch brought trial warlike leader sat judgment hall judges present power save king charles doom scaffold sentence pronounced victorious general entreated children knees rescue majesty death sternly perish country ruined sake resolved die charles longer king led scaffold enemy stood window royal palace whitehall beheld poor victim pride evil education misused power laid head block looked steadfast gaze executioner lifted fatal ax smote anointed head single blow night body charles laid coffin gloomy chamber general entered lighting torch gleam showed growing visage scarred battle marks brow wrinkled care single trait aspect manner belonged noll battled stoutly prince charles lifted coffin lid caused light torch fall dead monarch face mind marvelous events brought hereditary king england dishonored coffin raised humble individual possession kingly power
larger part forms white eye consists strong thick tough membrane parchment pliable forms outer wall chamber eye compared cup acorn familiar thing eggcup round wine glass narrow stem strong easily injured thick light pass round moved direction let sides single pair eyes spider host front eye clear transparent window glass watch look face sideways projecting bent surface bow window eyelids compared pair shutters window put sleep awake shutters useless waking moment rising falling say winking forget object winking important window soon soiled dirty careful shop keeper cleans windows morning eye windows speck spot winking eyelid busy apprentice keeps living glass clean worse fishes bathe eyes moment
suppose fingers hands yard longer suppose thick leather skin stretched tips fingers feet wings pterodactyl wings bat pterodactyl neck beak mouth full sharp pointed teeth walk think hand hind limbs tree rock head bat able fly strongly outspread leathery featherless wings swarms curious half lizard half bird animals land sizes bigger crow large albatross measuring twelve feet outstretched wings huge animals related living elephants flourished earth periods history want tell mammoth mastodon megatherium dinotherium extinct bones mammoth found north russia banks lena russians knew gave animal means earth supposed burrowed earth mole strange supposed huge creature larger elephant curved tusks ten feet weighing hundred sixty pounds ground accord account finding buried earth banks rivers
evening grand company lamp introduced admired splendor general inquiry oil consumed exact proportion light afforded present satisfy point agreed known desirable thing lessen expense lighting apartments pleased general concern economy love economy exceedingly home bed hours midnight head full subject accidental sudden noise waked morning surprised find room filled light imagined number lamps brought rubbing eyes perceived light windows looked occasion saw sun rising horizon poured rays plentifully chamber domestic negligently omitted preceding evening close shutters looked watch goes found clock thinking extraordinary sun rise early looked almanac found hour rising looked forward found rise earlier till end june retard rising till clock seen signs sunshine noon seldom regard astronomical part almanac astonished hear rising early especially assure light soon rises
feeling ascending motion impression takes possession going balloon quietude silence grows complete restless heaving fro huge inflated sphere head say noise crowd flapping ropes rustling silk creaking basket car ceased total cessation atmospheric resistance sit silence perfect bustle moving objects stare blank air feel thing case thing look side car cautiously keeping firm seat holding edge carefully protrude peak traveling cap tip nose edge car rest mouth thing seen form flat compressed simultaneously look satisfactory desired soon thrust chin fairly edge stare downward repays objects circumstances vertical position stunted foreshortened rapidly flattened map appearance smaller smaller clearer clearer goes earth hills valleys trees buildings women children horses cattle rivers vessels sinking lower lower getting distinct defined diminish size
earth stood wind rushing north pole wind making south pole air soon poles air poles tropics air poles rushes tropics fill space left empty seen thing happen thousand times cold air fire room stream open window crack draught fire heats air room light flies chimnney light hot air poles leaves air room cold air rushes key hole doors cold air rushes poles tropics mere difference heat tropics poles winds earth stood earth stand turns round axis twenty hours course winds altered blowing due north south blow generally north east south west traveling carriage body moving speed carriage keeps speed jump till touch ground stopped suddenly jump forward speed body caught carriage throw face care jump backward speed throw stunned foolish person ere tremendous blow head
months franklin died fact discovered electricity galvani professor anatomy bologna madame galvani skinning frogs soup galvani assistants working electrical machine flow electricity going rapidly young happened touch nerve leg frogs dissecting knife surprise leg began move struggle alive madame galvani struck told husband repeated experiment times found flow electricity machine brought nerve frog leg produced convulsions discovery galvani soon spoken wide galvanism celbrated attracted volta professor natural philosophy pavia satisfied merely reading galvani experiments tried began suspect electricity produced metal acted moisture flesh result experiments volta discovered metals joined contact moisture separated substances produce current electricity easily tried simplest form piece copper piece zinc placing tongue feel remarkable metals separate soon let touch ends tingling sensation pass tongue proving electrical current passing metals put zinc upper lip copper remain slight flash metals meet
wrong justice crime exist independently country public wrong private citizen citizen bound nation aggregation citizens shout country means extended bounded country wrong merely repeats words thief steals street trader swears falsely customhouse chuckling fortune acquired gentlemen country area land mountains rivers woods principle patriotism loyalty principle poetic minds popular enthusiasm feeling closely soil symbols country secret sanctification soil symbol idea represent idea patriot worships symbol lover kisses rapture glove mistress wears lock hair heart passionate heroism tradition weary tenderly telling arnold von gathers bosom sheaf foreign spears death give country nathan hale disdaining service country demands perishes untimely friend god satisfied sense duty george washington comprehending scope destiny country devoted hand puts crown sets slaves free history beginning noble army martyrs fought fiercely fallen bravely unseen mistress country history end believe god army march fight fall recruited flower mankind cheered hope humanity strong confidence
leave brutus rest brutus honorable honorable speak caesar funeral friend faithful brutus says ambitious brutus honorable hath brought captives home rome ransoms general coffers fill caesar ambitious poor cried caesar hath wept ambition sterner stuff brutus says ambitious brutus honorable lupercal thrice presented kingly crown thrice refuse ambition brutus says ambitious sure honorable speak disprove brutus spoke speak love withholds mourn judgment thou art fled brutish beasts lost reason bear heart coffin caesar pause till yesterday word caesar stood lies poor reverence masters disposed stir hearts minds mutiny rage brutus wrong choose wrong dead wrong wrong honorable parchment seal caesar found closet tis let commons hear testament pardon mean read kiss dead caesar wounds dip napkins sacred blood yea beg hair memory dying mention wills bequeathing rich legacy issue
ye crags peaks hold hands beheld show free methinks hear spirit echoes answer bid tenant welcome home sacred forms proud look high lift heads sky huge mighty free ye things tower shine smile makes glad frown terrible forms robed unrobed impress wear awe divine ye guards liberty call voice hold hands show free rush embrace scaling yonder peak saw eagle wheeling brow er abyss broad expanded wings lay calm motionless air floated aid sole act unlorded buoyed proudly instinctively bent bow rounding airy circle delight measuring ample range beneath round absorbed heeded death threatened shoot twas liberty turned bow let soar heavens pride walk hills look god think land free yes free end end cliff lake twas free free torrents leap rocks plow valleys asking leave peaks wear caps snow presence regal sun happy loved storms yes sat boat night midway er lake stars mountain gorge wind roaring
friends talk ye story thralldom slaves bright sun rises course lights race slaves sets beam falls slave swept full tide power conqueror leads crimson glory undying fame base ignoble slaves slaves horde petty tyrants feudal despots lords rich dozen paltry villages strong hundred spearman strange spell hour dark fraud open rapine protected murder cries honest neighbor stands struck struck dog wore badge orsini forsooth tossed high ready cap air lifted voice servile shouts sight ruffian suffer dishonor wash stain blood shames common known deeper wrong speak ye brother gracious boy full gentleness calmest hope sweet quiet joy look heaven face limners give beloved disciple loved gracious boy younger fifteen brother son left side summer bloom fair cheeks smile parting innocent lips short hour pretty harmless boy slain saw corse mangled corse cried vengeance rouse ye romans rouse ye slaves ye brave sons look fierce brawl die ye fair daughters look live torn arms distained dishonored ye dare call justice answered lash
era significant women identified contributors development nursing phoebe known roman deaconesses early church referred visiting nurses st helena marcella fabiola paula famous roman matrons helena mother constantine gave abundantly sick needy helped build hospitals elderly marcella established monastery home taught care sick encouraged intellectual development women fabiola follower marcella converted palace christian hospital rome worked care sick paula aristocrat educated woman recognized collegial relationship scholarly building shelters sick result wealthy educated women christian hospitals established mediterranean lands century hildegarde significant woman contributed scientific foundation nursing medicine required female students wear uniform veil signified humility obedience service veil replaced familiar cap today esteemed women high social standing forerunners modern nurses formal organization nurses middle ages organizations developed influenced nursing today military religious secular orders crusades increased need hospitals health care providers meet needs military nursing orders developed orders attracted carefully screened recognized knights nurses knights battle hospitals famous military order knights hospitallers st john jerusalem knights malta
civil war raised consciousness individuals concerning role women nurses focused attention weakness volunteer nursing system committee american medical association headed dr samuel gross conducted study training nurses findings stated nursing art science medicine committee recommendations large hospital nursing school local medical agencies establish schools medical staff responsbile teaching nursing establish societies independent school idea florence nightingale educate nurses gave hospitals training nurses england hospital women children training school nurses boston opened trained nurse america linda richards graduated school reforms especially area mental health america instituted idea keeping written records students education schools nursing opened based nightingale plan bellevue training school yotk connecticut training school haven boston training school practical experience gained caring patients focus schools terms professional school school higher education synonymously isable hampton robb attended bellevue training school later helped organize johns hopkins training school principal credited writing standardized nursing text united states nursing principles practice hospital private active organizations forerunners american nurses association founders american journal nursing thought nursing programs length usual suggested students maximum hours receive payment services
associate degree nursing program helped alleviate nursing shortages objectives aimed development nursing profession building theoretical base nursing movement baccalaureate education emphasis theory building research conceptual approach nursing practice need baccalaureate education basis theory research conceptualization nursing identified numerous reports present movement baccalaureate degree nursing gained impetus reports surgeon general report quality nursing needs goals identified need increased numbers nursing schools colleges universities baccalaureate degree nursing recommended head nurse team leader positions hospitals nurses positions hospitals study identified areas society represented nursing males older women minority students emphasized need research american nurses association ana took stand nursing education position paper ana publication took consideration rapidly changing health care needs american society technical scientific occuring rapidly causing need increase level education practitioners fields nursing pace provide quality nursing american nurses association stated education nursing place institutions learning general system education paper stated minimal preparation beginning professional nursing practice present baccalaureate degree education nursing recommended associate degree education nursing minimum preparation beginning technical nursing practice paper caused considerable controversy continues today progress meeting recommendations
geographic area larger number highly competent providers result persons receive benefits health care services pick choose sources mobility change american population special problems health care delivery rarely physician nurse patient birth adulthood health professionals rely health histories client past health records gathering information assist client care mobility affected health personnel health professionals practicing area grew familiar special health concerns needs unique area population styles lend promotion health reasons limited appreciation effect style health difficulty accepting responsiblity personal health lack knowledge decrease economic resources denial disease death varying perceptions consumer health styles occupations create unique health care problems instance stress american society contributed increased incidence physical psychological illnesses identification acquired immune deficiency syndrome aids homosexual populations transcended population groups due occupation increased incidence black lung disease coal miners unique population society witnessed revolution rising expectations attitude health greater financial support health care responsible increased demand health services especially physicians services standards expectations health care rise constantly longer content absence disease
preceding chapters focused historical development nursing definitions nursing foundational components nursing historical development nursing groundwork recent progress theory development nursing progress nursing discipline chapter describes nursing discipline theoretical body knowledge foundation practice theory presented intellectual exercise knowledge development direction nursing practice nursing theorists ideas introduced examples theory development nursing research discussed means developing testing theory practice component nursing vehicle implementation theory validation impetus research nursing process introduced framework decision making allowing critical thinking problem solving approaching client care concepts central nursing paradigm discussed chapter differing viewpoints regarding nursing pardigm metaparadigm relation concepts person environmnet health discussed inclusion nursing central concept discussed matter viewpoint terms metaparadigm paradigm concepts concepts central discipline organized frameworks called conceptual models conceptual models developed define nursing central concepts varied views conceptual model frame reference members discipline framework identifies areas focus speculation determines viewed king rogers orem roy nursing leaders developed conceptual models nursing conceptual models theories derived theories related models aspects selected conceptual models included section chapter
discipline nursing emerged needs complex changing society unique interrelationship art science service oriented profession finds expression clinical practice essential practice theory supports historically word theory derived greek word theoria meaning abstract thought greeks theory help explain logical manner explanations based supernatural theory involves intellectual operations comprised facts principles concepts arranged show interrelatedness theory describes happening phenomenon common terms theory explain phenomena organize ideas knowledge theory development enables describe explain predict control prescribe phenomena interest dickoff wiedenbach identified levels theory development factor isolating factor relating situation related situation producing theories factor isolating theories beginning steps defining discipline viewed pretheoretical phase theory development factor relating descriptive stage shows relationships theory concepts propositions situation relating theories predictive explanatory highest level theory development situation producing control manipulation variables level suggested nursing theory development includes assumption lower level theories discipline nursing practice applied discipline glaser strauss identified criteria practice theory development practice theory closely fit area general cover diverse practice situations understandable practitioners allow control changing situations theory building process links facts principles concepts logically
organizations formed nursing establish control policies activies continually incorporated nursing practice protected legal structure due social nature nursing policies activies challenged continually societal forces bureaucratic hospital health care system professional bodies american medical association essential establishment policies activities concept autonomy individual responsbility concept nursing making continued advancement nursing organizations started movement professional licensure helped continue peer review nurses significant issue terms nursing autonomy nurses entering independent practice areas increasing autonomy increased emphasis health promotion maintenance shortened hospital stays community health care increasing freedom organizational structures facilitate increased autonomy nurses nursing continues attract individuals primary motivation service factors enhanced development professionalization nursing factors increasing educational standards women movement discussed book nursing advanced needs individuals society improvement health care nursing establishing profession development theories research development nursing organizations increased autonomy development commitment increased sense responsbility nursing growing developing thriving profession today society development nursing profession professional organizations formed establish control policies activies nursing practice ensure progression meeting criteria profession maintained professions organization composed practitioners area american nurses association ana organization professional nursing
change agent element involves planned collaborative systematic change relation client health care delivery services health care delivery services include health agencies individual nursing team members health professionals identified case study infrequent visits client family home negative influence recovery nurse change agent works family identifying factors influencing infrequency visits determined alterations family processes related ill family member based nursing diagnosis plan action implemented effect change family visiting pattern assist client accepting family behavior summary elements interrelate utilized situation elements defined separately clarification meaning clarification meaning reality elements frequently overlap distinction clear nurse times team conferences acts coordinator group determining client goals methods achieving goals serving coordinator conference nurse act consultant member seeking information times discussion nurse intervenes behalf client acts client advocate elements define role nurse practice professionals share elements share nursing theory research basis elements minister care based theology physician care based medical theory research nursing theory research basis practice
type organization voluntary agency nonprofit group supported donations gifts party payment personal payment responds specific need community type organization profit making official status governmental funding funds groups variety sources contributions fees service fund raising dues investments gifts publications grants turner nonprofit voluntary type agency subdivisions local regional national levels organized enhance total health care delivery effort agencies autonomous board directors determine leadership organization set policies conduct affairs organization membership board composed primarily nonprofessional volunteers volunteer agencies divided groups rely contributions donations american heart association american cancer society private foundations accountable board kellogg foundation professional organizations american nurses association provide service members establish standards practice research coordinating agencies united fund lancaster lancaster major type proprietary agency profit making organization facilities part organizational framework hospitals diagnostic centers private home health care skilled care facilities private practioner services nurses physicians dentists psychologists social workers private practioners major focus health care delivery system illness disease processes health care delivery shifted treatment illness prevention illness promotion maintenance health move health promotion yeaworth states expected assume responsibility health illness care reduce known risk factors illnesses health status improve
control communicable diseases turn century living longer control communicable disease contributed increased expectancy individuals increase expectancy individual prone susceptible chronic illnesses aging heart disease cancer stroke neurological problems contributors chronic illness america societal influences stress environmental pollutants substance abuse chronic illnesses necessitate hospitalization initial treatment periodic therapy exacerbations focus treatment prevention rehabilitation maintenance care based community health care settings nurses provide community care community health care agencies occupational health care agencies rural agencies clinics ambulatory centers prenatal child centers birthing centers schools office settings private practice settings private duty settings camps community mental health centers hospices community health agencies settings nurses able implement aspects role nurse community health agency visit client home identify health concerns client family improve understanding health problems health promoting behaviors familiar community agency providing type care public health agency part local health department tax supported type agency visiting nurse association privately owned funded personal insurance medicare medicaid united personal payment client needs vary primarily social complex personal care needs nurses community health agencies caregiver role maximize personal care practices client family family environmental influences economic financial concerns home safety coping patterns sanitation major areas concern nurse setting
entire nursing service department facility responsibility director nursing person position accountable administrator hospital serves assistant associate administrator position director interprets current nursing trends hospital administrator presents proposed plans change seeks support needed resources director sure institutional priorities conflict goals standards priorities nursing profession consultation supervisors head nurses director nursing assesses nursing services establishes short term goals consistent philosophy institution implements plans meet goals evaluates process outcomes plans director nursing responsible initiating maintaining structures developing implementing nursing standards policies procedures supervisors clinical coordinators middle managers administrative responsibility patient care specialty unit charge administrative functions large groups clients patient care areas nursing supervisors observations concerning client care unit functioning provide direction terms proposed developmental programs staff education supervisors assist establishment inplementation policies position nurse knowledgeable organization functioning policies procedures hospital major elements role positions include consultation collaboration coordination persons position aware trends research nursing able convey information liaison director nursing head nurse supervisor skilled interpersonal process supervisors clinical coordinators hospital supervisors clinical coordinators act assistant director nursing service
skilled care facilities term care setting geriatric clients requiring continued care clients brain injury neurological impairments facilities include residential accommodations ambulatory care clients nursing care units patients requiring varying degrees nursing care addition facilities provide centers elderly group social interaction nursing care designed delivered basis theory related gerontology includes assessing needs providing evaluating care nursing process expressed elements nurses role structure nursing positions settings similar hospitals includes director nursing supervisor clinical coordinator head nurse staff nurse impetus societal governmental groups increase number professional nursing personnel facilities caregiver facilities nurse nursing care clients chronic term illness emphasis promoting maintaining personal care activities daily living enhancing optimum level functioning nurses caregivers assist elderly adjusting physical psychological aging elderly experience social structure related areas movement american society extended family nuclear famiy structure change elderly loss significant death changing family social structure significant support elderly decision making nurse assume responsibility assuring adequate services provided dignity maintained integral loss significant awareness part elderly impending death nurses support client working feelings assist coping losses nurses patient advocates primary change agents afffecting positive societal attitudes elderly
quality health care competition health care ethics societal issues affect nursing instance consumer movement increased awareness quality health care americans voicing dissatisfaction health care readily shopping services competition health care providers evident increase number hmos alternatives hospitalization home care hospice proliferation freestanding urgent nonemergency type facilities chapters discussion topics consumer movement increased technology heightened public awareness ethical dilemmas ethical dilemma related technology gained public awareness issue involving unresponsive clients support systems ethical decision relate support maintained makes decision remove support system internal professional needs direction affect future direction nursing nursing need knowledge development theoretical basis practice necessitated move baccalaureate education minimum entry level professional nursing discussed earlier nursing leaders emphasizing need master doctoral level education levels essential professionalism nursing development nursing theory practice research dependent preparation nurses levels discussed text future direction nursing guided nurses schlotfeldt stated nursing autonomous profession independent professionals responsible accountable fulfilling nursing unique social mission mission identified schlotfeldt appraising enhancing general health status health assets health potentials human beings order discipline progress unique essential component society nurses autonomously direct educational preparation nurses direct nursing research theory development educate consumers effective health care practices direct health care legislation
hen dog need help house help help dog beautiful don ask cat hen want asked cat need help house hen help thing want cat maybe frog help maybe hen hen frog help afraid frog going swim ask duck hen give help asked hen duck help ducklings care ask bird hope hen hen flew big tree bird need help help asked hen bird going grandma don ask fox fox asked hen hen afraid need help fox need help happy help fox asked hen wanted fox hen trick cat going eat duck frog looked fence hen fox
ran dog house look bones fox cried place mess bear game going play asked duck call bone hole dig holes put bones holes game duck digging hole fun don cried dog help lunch duck fox bear pond dog looked kitchen dishes floor place getting mess dog thought ask owl put bones dog ran owl owl likes give bones dishes filled bones kitchen filled bones house getting mess owl owl thought thought dog rid bones red house dog looked yes house dogs making big bones owl need lot bones bones dog ran pond friends swimming house rid bones dig hole help lunch bear need big truck
lunch dad hello dad want clues read read clues clues tell find clue clue clue clue read clues asked yes dad dad gave clue tall air bird home big tim clue air clue tall bird home asked tim bird home tree tree knew tree tree tree ran tree road looked air looked tree clue tree clue tim read road big wheels knew road maybe bike tim bike silly bike big van train big wheels train road tim
lou look toy joan talkie joan lou want store asked mom lou want store asked joan ok lou maybe talkie mom things meet ok mom joan joan gave lou talkie talk talkie lou joan hear lou talkie click click hello joan lou lou hear click click yes lou joan hear hear talkie re walk click click ok lou lou walked joan click click hello joan lou lou hear click click yes hear joan lou don say click click ok lou joan talkie going click click hello joan lou hear click click yes hear joan click click books lou click click lou joan lost click click ok lou lou thought joan
lee mom told surprise tomorrow don want surprise lee hard wait maybe guess dad lee thought hard asked grandma stay dad guess toy yard asked lee mom toy lee frog tomorrow woods find dad mom tomorrow lee ran kitchen looked surprise asked mom told lee look window walking yard dad lee lucia mom lucia house dad hello lucia lee hola lucia say lee asked don mean lucia hello mom hola say hello met lucia mom dad yesterday place lucia play asked lee talk ask likes find mom lee looked lucia lucia looked lee lee let guess high jump asked lee lee jumped high lucia say thing play ball asked lee lucia say thing don talk lee
october leaves fallen trees lying ground toad house frog rake leaves lawn toad surprised toad looked window messy leaves covered toad run frog house rake leaves frog pleased frog ran woods toad toad ran high grass frog frog toad house looked window frog toad raked leaves toad frog house looked window toad frog home guess raked leaves frog worked hard raked leaves pile soon toad lawn clean frog picked rake started home toad pushed pulled rake raked leaves pile soon leaf frog yard toad took rake started home wind blew land leaves frog raked toad blew leaves toad raked frog blew home frog tomorrow clean lawn surprised toad home toad tomorrow rake leaves surprised frog night frog toad happy turned light bed
lamb lived farm mountain thin beanpod thin thought eat hay lamb eat hay senor coyote found lamb going eat senor coyote senor coyote eat lamb thin beanpod eat hay fat eat senor coyote fat lamb ate hay fat afraid senor coyote lamb saw senor coyote coming ran cave mountain lay put feet roof cave soon senor coyote found lamb senor coyote eat senor coyote cried lamb eat hold mountain let fall hold help senor coyote want help want mountain fall cave lay put feet lamb push hard yes senor coyote hold soon lamb ran senor coyote held mountain let mountain fall lamb cried played trick senor coyote
quig loved fish small river cut channel big evening family picnic friends quig caught plump sunfish thought night june cast dog storm hook luckiest accident quig feeling dog storm tried safe distance rod enjoy close quig tommy quig younger brother dredging edge river minnow net collecting frogs frogs dishpan backyard green speckled things tommy hoped catch big bullfrog lived dead end bluff lots trips bottom bluff daytime saw bullfrog quig night guess tommy hear guess tonight won dead end tonight night exclaimed mother imagine going dark quig friend peggy quig smiled thought easy bluff night daytime night picnic quig parents munsons bradfords dinner green valley quig peggy elected sit younger children dogs quig peggy listening records front porch tommy pete marcy playing backyard don hear kids quig abruptly
huge waves crashed small rocky island wind whipped rain lighthouse captain hosea lewis peered terrible storm barely bobbing rowboat passengers coming shore ida coming told wife wish decided stay mainland tonight don worry mrs lewis children safe wished words equalled feelings worried husband didn want say captain boat tip wave moment slide hill water lost view moment captain hold breath boat boat moving ahead storm growing worse hosea lewis sank chair put hand eyes watch groaned sure drowned minutes mrs lewis stared windows cried feet thanks ida captain rose looked stairs happy children pounding ida bit blow mighty afraid daughter father shook head took big chance sixteen looked amazed rowed worse father age scolding words lips held sat pulled boots
grandmother swims dark sea pools takes early morning strong hands hold tight safe cool water learn swim grandma hands strong june takes big shutters cabin windows digs summer garden pumps buckets full cold water carries logs wood burning stove island live summer june dad closes classroom mom finishes painting winter things packs paint box full summer colors drive city drive night ocean leave car ride ferryboat island grandma dog shadow waiting wheelbarrow carry suitcases cabin secret path woods cabin ground green soft moss feels velvet blankets underneath feet sunlight twinkles giant pine trees greenlight grandma cabin side sea visit want run barefoot green moss path edge forest lives grandma wonderful summer things morning swimming sit million rock wrap big towels talk things home grandma picks sea herbs grow shore salad gathers periwinkles sea snails live rocks soup
seth remember enjoyed felt spent night house times daniel claimed sleeping pond camp deep bear swamp lot sleeping house seth wasn sure tomorrow morning wasn worried thought hardwood leaves brown beech leaves hang winter crackling rasping wind seth concerned beautiful quiet clarity stillness seth plan hike raven hill move base dunn hill head walker brook camp daniel built summer edge bear swamp spend night camp home morning stand night backpack cookpots food meals ground cloth sleeping bag folding saw seth carried saw hatchet belt knife pocketknife seth moved hardwood grove feet wading noisy sun dried leaves found hint logging road fun find roads woods unused fifty seventy imprint remained slight track depression trees growing middle road find road print winding woods
things unappreciated weeds farmers gardeners homeowners fight constant battle weeds spray weeds poisons chop hoes cut machines bad weed weeds disliked grow places don want violet grows cornfield called weed grows woods called wildflower sunflower plant weed flower crop farmers plant fields sunflowers seeds sunflower starts grow soybean field weed planted flower garden flower weeds important supply food animals weeds seeds berries birds eat leaves weeds eaten insects rabbits cattle deer meadow mice gophers eat roots weeds weeds bad taste prickly spines important prickles spines protect small animals enemies small animals hide sharp spines protect sprouts plants eaten grazing animals weeds protect soil wind rain roots tiny openings soil openings let rain soak water rushed land gullies wash topsoil topsoil needed growing crops earlier days ate weeds weeds sunflowers dandelions cattails food native americans early settlers crops failed pioneers grateful food weeds
zoo vets care animals common pets zoos kinds interesting animals including zebras spiders rhinos animals stay zoo vet vet goes rounds means going check animals daily rounds vet talks keepers asks problems problems keeper say snake look vet checks snake imagine looking sick snake throat think throat ends stomach begins snake stomach infection vet give medicine days snake healthy vet bring sick animal zoo hospital say alligator sore foot needs rays ray keeper puts heavy gloves tapes alligator jaws closed brings animal hospital zoo ambulance rays vet decides seriously wrong foot weeks alligator animals sick infect animals zoo vet decide put sick animals hospital animals called putting quarantine infection spread quickly animal sooner vet put sick animal quarantine safer zoo vet sick animals health animals checked re brought zoo
san locked room soon heard sound tin kola kola pon pon tin kola kola pon pon shuttle sped fabric grew length days continued san paused food rest door opened stepped hands held bolt cloth wife seen lives gasped beauty marveled incredible softness dear father girl cloth village sell small payment happy home remember continued put price cloth fare imagine wasting moment hurried center village saw beautiful cloth carrying gathered round pay ten gold pieces cloth cried sell twenty gold pieces fool sell price bolt rare twilled brocade pay fifty gold pieces offering finally sold cloth hundred pieces gold bought rice rice cakes kimono san delicacies hurried home pockets jingling tomorrow tomorrow sang happy eating rice cakes whiter snow
jenny watched mother pull red pickup truck driveway large canvas covered object tied suppose mom bringing home brother roger asked moment mrs marsh breezed door plugged coffee pot turned face face pale hands trembled buy jenny asked helping sloan ready auction friday saw rolltop desk asked sloan buy saturday auction yes insisted buying insisting finally left desk shouldn nervous mom home jenny began feel nervous parted kitchen curtains looked window clouds floated blue sky sun shone brightly peaceful jenny saw getting small green car neatly dressed navy blue bushy moustache looking house jenny exclaimed mrs marsh sipped coffee odd grabbed arm refused sell desk saying desk special desk roger asked let unload mrs marsh suggested carlos help jenny hurried minutes carlos martinez boy lived door friend
house listened carefully questions police asked watched shorter officer check fingerprints tall officer explained re checking fingerprints caught night re ransacked rolltop desk weknow convicted break ins valuable documents fingerprints match re valuable document involved doorbell rang jenny opened door gasped took steps backward stood neatly dressed beg pardon low voice darrell young speak mrs marsh mother want sell desk jenny told tried calm knew quiver voice told frightened young speak explain desk jenny hurried living room mom green car front door asking show ordered tall officer jenny living room stopped short saw officer darrell young stammered bungled mission mission asked officer represent farley museum young drew papers gave officer papers order young police officer business assignment explained young purchase rolltop desk museum traced desk virginian
beautiful swimming swimming dad mom say look fish water yesterday beautiful yesterday swimming fish water dad going dad fish cat fish fish dog fish fish pig fish dad fish water fish dad fish asked dad fish dad yesterday beautiful fish water swimming yesterday yesterday swimming beautiful mom swimming asked swimming mom going train ride going grandpa swimming listen hear bell asked mom train dog big bone look mom big bike listen mom hear bell train stop grandpa mom train ride grandpa asked ride talk grandpa tell saw ride
listen stanley fence don care stanley don want play don want talk stay stanley stay fence don care don need stanley mean stanley making thing stanley want mean stanley don want making stay fence don look hear stanley thing making neat thing don look stanley don want mean stanley aw stanley look found carlos found big beautiful ball jeff look carlos found sammy carlos ball ball lost yesterday found ball carlos ball finders keepers carlos dad gave ball sammy want maybe lost ball carlos jeff sammy finders keepers losers weepers sammy crying sammy ball asked julia yes sammy carlos ball asked julia yes carlos carlos grandma gave ball looked ball lost ball grandma house maybe ball rolled grandma house carlos dog find home find home grandma house yes julia ball dog
golden collar persian satrap golden collar athenian general say haven haven haven gold collars cries arta spiteful jealous father greater tell princess fool says athens persia mortal enemies knows say mean lala cries stamping foot smile secret infuriating smile won tell haven told athenian asking month told writing promised put story perdiccas brother story part telling perdiccas told athenian built hide saved stranger built thinking grownup need built father hall allow reach return nightfall sapling trees perdiccas cut lashed willowy branches plaited wove screens cover mud nearby stream daubed covered leaves tore strips living ivy nearby trees uprooting wound hut grow hide
thought respoke cold experienced cold walked rubbed cheekbones nose mittened hand automatically changing hands rub instant stopped cheekbones numb instant end nose numb sure frost cheeks knew experienced pang regret devised nose strap sort bud wore cold snaps strap passed cheeks saved didn matter frosted cheeks bit painful empty mind thoughts keenly observant noticed creek curves bends timber jams sharply noted feet coming bend shied abruptly startled horse curved place walking retreated paces trail creek knew frozen clear bottom creek water arctic winter knew springs bubbled hillsides ran snow top ice creek knew coldest snaps froze springs knew likewise danger traps hid pools water snow inches deep feet skin ice half inch thick covered turn covered snow
picked trunk began walk sir miles lowell unaccustomed sir sight pale thin face rain soaked shawl rate peddler pulled horse looked seat empty wagon fifty fifty saddest news heard wiped droplet cheek rain tears tell thank bent pick small trunk glance began walk wait clucked horse moment side stage amoskeag hesitated harmed money stage despite woeful appearance voice clear sweet jarring twang upcountry yankees eyes tell color large features formed trifle small judge wrapped shawl thin anyway plenty room girl hesitated moment longer obeyed days traveled south speaking girl riding wagon peddler goods night understood harm trust smile tell told looked younger thought darby miles north
children month august especially began twenty silver spaceship carrying professor hugo interplanetary zoo settled annual hour visit dallas area daybreak crowds form lines children adults clutching dollar waiting wonderment race strange creatures professor brought past treated creatures venus tall thin mars snakelike horrors distant round ship settled slowly earth huge parking area dallas watched awe sides slowly slid reveal familiar barred cages wild breed nightmare small horselike animals moved quick jerking motions constantly chattered high pitched tongue citizens earth clustered professor hugo crew quickly collected waiting dollars soon professor appearance wearing colored rainbow cape top hat peoples earth called microphone crowd noise died continued peoples earth real treat single dollar known horse spider kaan brought million miles space expense gather study listen tell friends hurry ship remain hours crowds slowly filed horrified fascinated strange creatures looked horses ran walls cages spiders
story happened ago worthwhile hear forgotten palace emperor china splendid entirely altogether porcelain costly brittle difficult handle terribly careful garden seen strangest flowers splendid silver bells tied bells tinkled pass noticing flowers emperor gardens extended gardener didn end lowest forest high trees deep lakes forest sea blue deep tall ships sail branches trees trees lived nightingale sang sweetly poor fishers night nets heard stopped listen beautiful attend business forgot bird night bird sang fishers heard beautiful countries travelers city emperor admired palace garden heard nightingale travelers told home learned wrote books city palace garden forget nightingale highest poets wrote poems nightingale forest sea
grew older poems troublesome began enjoy bluebirds twittering garden endless vases roses windowsill knew aunt gertie lived put address birthday greetings impossible write thank varied wishes hint carefully worded matilda looked forward meeting thought interesting person knew gertrude aunt cissie matilda aunts sisters thoughtless girl endless scrapes say hearted matilda nineteen took job ministry alarm despondency cheerful place typewriter ribbon red tape large laundry basket main entrance labelled usual channels letters put want answer months letters re sorted dealt afresh matilda perfectly happy forgotten aunt gertie twentieth birthday arrived aunt forgotten morning birthday matilda woke late rush cramming letters unopened pocket read later morning read ten minutes eleven told born eleven morning birthday begin till
thing missed past feeling loneliness striving live age pension mere existence hardship mrs connell landlady kindly soul younger idea cooped month month dreary room radio company cat dog canary walls electric plate bed dresser course told live johnnie ruth montreal seen sort thing past johnnie married war felt sinking stomach thought leaving ma sensed reluctance words going built baby sitter grandchildren answered trying cover sense loss disappointment bantering words independent woman run home brought boys small undependable wages laborer husband independence melted silent tears wished need today gloomy thoughts glanced clock saw stood straightened hat picking heavy suitcase room closing door silently
money standing carelessness free agent chose careful failed took responsibility subterfuge unnecessary thing gracious thing find heart things training teach instant predicated experience found cubbyhole fireplace noticed accord put kindling medium wood dry fire material ready case sudden wet weather stone loose rough walk cabin dug deeper hole steadied short cut bank found tried return thoughtfulness things candy apples wordless thank expression courtesy instinctive looked gift curtain lifted saw deep clear eyes gratitude affection soft firm granite character simple excuses sit turned physically hungry suggested visit supper left writing waited typewriter quiet worked nearly dark cabin forgotten
halted hurt feelings saw embarrassment duke bridged gracefully nobility graceful cowboys suggested yes easy explained gracefully didn mean glad met certainly coming ranch crowd help cattle fill working cattle ranch fellow ambition choose choice team coming head em rode turned cattle side road crossroads duke busy city limit things think butcher calves told told loony louie butcher ranchman lookout bars pond corral cattle turn water happened couple miles hard herd split half lanes pony brought worked tired famished drove butcher place louie standing middle road gate wide open
dolphin beth dolphin ana dolphin eat ken dolphin dolphin eat dolphin fish jim fish eat look ken fish ana look dolphin eat fish sara beth whale beth look whale sara whale look big fish jim fish ken whale look big whale eat fish look whale beth big whale ana eat ana whale eat ana sara eat fish mom sara mom fish look mom look big fish shark shark eat jim shark eat fish mom mom shark eat eat fish sara shark eat mom look beth dolphin ana big fish jim mom ken sara fish fish big fish fish fish fish eat fish look fish look
emma jane guiding herd western edge missouri night studied rough map firelight brother martin crouched emmy emma jane pointed blunt nailed finger re heading cross grand river clinton bridge aim brought closer clinton problem afternoon medley cattle sounds emma jane ears caught galloping rhythm horse sound drew closer flicked glance shoulder tightened jaw guess trouble coming muttered horse star galloping rider hauled curt voice demanded kids think re taking cattle emma jane gray eyes swept steady polite gaze answered hostile dark eyes glared beetling gray brows girl voice calm mild re trailing market mister dark eyes snapped land re don aim crops wiped trampling cattle emma jane looked longhorns plodding turned don aim crops mister anyway steers wild range sucked breath girl missouri farmers rights turn herd head
air lay hot heavy big land accumulated heat weight press plodding flock sun low western horizon lessening glare dry sands breath breeze moved dust stirred small hoofs clung flock hung motionless air dust strode ramon stick urging stragglers side dust plodded boy leading burro body slumped plodding step thinking wearying endless effort putting foot onward ramon moved side boy dust stopped boy stopped ramon pulled hat brim low slant light sun looked shimmering horizon feeling winds afternoon heat breeds bring coolness beast feeling inside bones hiding building strength hiding suddenness surprise boy licked dry lips understand chorro ramon sandstorm scanned horizon ai south horizon fading land sky merging murky brownness caught glints slant light sun flickered flashes color
hundred miles hour wasn question crawled miserable twenty commander pott mimsie jeremy jemima getting hot impatient bang bang began steaming angrily top radiator silver mascot small airplane airplane propeller round round wind faster slower according car speed family making steady slow progress canterbury solid jam cars reached mile family sat stuck line looked couldn possibly sands sea picnic let wonderful swim suddenly commander pott happened glance dashboard left opposite mimsie excitedly say look mimsie looked jeremy jemima peered seat knobs instruments light top small knob flashing pale pink showing word word pull goodness commander pott wondered knob haven tinker look cried mimsie light turning red sure word showing word idiot angry red knob read pull idiot commander pott laughed loud
distant ocean island kingdom boatmen fishermen lived entirely rest glad remain happier thing enemy bad enemy easily imagine king counselors succeeded making afraid enemy wicked water prince magical powers lived castle bottom sea hated island kingdom hated things harm ways remember took fishes needed food raised kinds large cruel fish devoured fish attack kingdom times king subjects fight water prince place sea castle stood kingdom lived ocean hundreds breathe water fishes knew plants animals lived bottom sea shore spite able find enter castle think destroy worst water prince prisoner king son
morning ulysses ladder area afternoon divers spread look found lying sand front den gills pulsing panting sick person interest morning bed bad case indigestion caused swallowing food bag dr martin laval advised eye friend ulysses danger fatal stomach obstruction found fish fallen flat side dangerously ill asked doctor martin laval faced unusual case bring fish surgery prepared operate patient bedroom sundown ready equipment assembled divers briefed assistants sleep hoping ulysses night light scouting team plunged ulysses divers roamed looking suddenly falco felt pulling gear ulysses announcing happy hungry managed rid body meat sack trip island aldabra leaving boat inhabitants assumption island held large fish sixty pound grouper sure ulysses passage aldabra full mourning disgust spoke lot effect nature
father put protecting arm trembling body began talk word sisu tell translated english english word courage sisu means courage means finn build home enemy nation takes land destroys house means cut loved ties face unknown country fight means matter frightened difficult task finn begins completes maiju let fear conquer finn sisu finn sisu separate father stopped talking longest speech heard knew remember word lived young girl trembled stood taller deliberately raised head face fog finnish word sisu father giving reassuring hug saying word hearing brings needed strength remember daughter remember isa forget stood silent tall young girl fog thicker ship lurched beneath feet fog horn mournful call night finally maiju spoke words want finnish isa aiti father thinking deeply ah yes finnish words father mother
hello chap hey tom wheeled suddenly ben wasn noticing say going swimming don wish course wouldn course tom studied boy bit call tom resumed whitewashing answered carelessly maybe maybe suits tom sawyer don mean let brush continued move don shouldn boy chance whitewash fence put thing light ben stopped nibbling apple tom swept brush daintily stepped note effect added touch criticized effect ben watched move getting interested absorbed presently say tom let whitewash tom considered consent altered mind reckon wouldn ben aunt polly fence street fence wouldn mind wouldn yes fence carefully reckon boy thousand maybe thousand let try let tom
boy examined drum closely found matter evidently drum side wrong think hanging round yellow dragon cable drum heaved cable arms drawn sockets cable budge remained cross side soaking wet mind rain ran trail yellow dragon hall brake regulate speed car means stout rope arriving side jerry found drum working order running smoothly ends hitch middle doubt side car spillanes hundred fifty feet woman whirling vapor crouching bottom car lull squalls jerry shouted spillane examine wheels cable car spillane heard jerry saw rise cautiously knees hands trolley wheels jerry heard words faint matter remained empty car mind instant fourteen slightly wirily built lived mountains afraid heights
carter set heart finding tomb boy king tutankhamun archaeologist theodore davis announced found tomb tutankhamun clues led believe small cave found cup tutankhamun short walk jars king cave found tutankhamun gold carter believe davis found tutankhamun grave tomb small resting place egyptian king carter convinced davis proved boy king digging days season digging november april heat impossible continue working carter knew shorter season blocked entrance tomb favorite tourist attraction knew leave tourists began arrive december november carter ready begin final dig helpers uncovered ancient group workers huts fourth removed hut sand beneath carter arrived morning step discovered rocky floor valley twelve steps uncovered upper part doorway certainly door tomb visible carter needed control breaking doorway end suspense patient searching discovery tutankhamun door emptiness
elizabeth ann wobbly tooth wobbly tooth tooth wouldn elizabeth ann mother worry tooth ready elizabeth ann worry thinking wobbly tooth decided rid tried pulling tooth fingers wouldn tried jumping wouldn tried turning cartwheels wouldn elizabeth ann sat sadly steps run ideas maybe mother shouldn worry tooth wasn ready elizabeth ann decided forget wobbly tooth took book dogs started read tongue didn forget wobbly tooth tongue sneaking sadly put book jane ask elizabeth ann play baseball elizabeth ann smiled decided play liked playing baseball friends liked crack ball bat liked sound catch hard game team run team elizabeth ann worked hard trying help team forgot forgetting inning elizabeth ann missed catching ball inning hit fly ball player inning team run run tie game elizabeth ann stepped plate ball move ball ready
nicky albert birthday coming nicky going birthday party albert love birthday parties need help nicky nicky took bank shook upside fell coins party going asked albert think nicky smiled surprise party surprise party asked albert surprise party nicky give surprise party albert won surprised give surprise party nicky ann jenny jan morris doris dan give party going asked albert easy nicky say nicky birthday coming let give surprise party say idea love surprise parties bring cake ann bring paper plates albert bring party idea party ready house tuba lesson nicky home yell surprise surprised surprise party albert ran home called ann jenny jan morris doris dan sure idea love surprise parties met albert house plan party fix party nicky house tuba lesson albert
nicky albert walk wouldn found party nicky quiet albert comes ann sure ann think party nicky hello ann hello ann nicky guess birthday asked ann tuba teacher taking concert nicky ann say asked nicky wanted say ann kidding jenny jan morris doris dan nicky laughed laughed fooled think party wait birthday nicky walking home tuba lesson gave hop birthday nicky house dark practiced making surprised face opened front door happened front room happened turned light party asked hiding nicky waited waited happened doorbell rang nicky thought practiced making surprised faces door albert party asked nicky nicky albert bad ann told going concert tuba teacher called party play trick friends cried nicky don sad albert decided party birthday
fish tired swimming water want bigger pond big cat walking heard help big cat asked want fish beautiful beautiful big cat flowers trees beautiful ocean hill ocean fish told ocean fish sure big cat home bag carry hurry fish big cat big bag put water fish swam inside thank fish glad help friend big cat licked lips big cat ran woods beautiful flower fish asked flower big cat growled stop fish asked big cat yelled ocean fish asked hill big cat quiet re asking questions sorry fish big cat ran hill house fish looked pots pans walls ocean asked kitchen big cat going cook fish shook asked big cat sang pan ready didn fish tell cats fishes asked cat fish asked yes big cat going eat
rockport maine saw big gray statue seen statues important statue surprise statue seal seal important wanted asked woman statue statue andre important seal found andre named goodridge found andre ocean andre days mother seal sight goodridge thought seal starve took home goodridge family loved animals pets goodridge felt pet fine baby seal joined family named andre raising baby seal easy job andre didn feed andre didn eat live goodridge think andre eat special baby bottle andre hole log covered log rubber andre bottle fit hole log andre liked special bottle grew bigger stronger goodridge found bathtub filled water andre bed night andre played house yard chased family dog house sleepy nap dog house andre older needed fish eat goodridge put andre car took andre ocean swim
anansi lived ago village anansi greedy lazy trick anansi looking fool fishing wanted fish friend anene knew plans anene thought teach anansi lesson anansi fishing catch fish fine cried anansi partners fish trap found big trees anene anansi cut branches tired wait anansi tired tired anene tired anansi cut branches tired tree anansi kra kra kra knife cut branches anansi worked anene sat tree pretended tired moaned wolu wolu wolu soon branches cut anene fish trap turn turn tired wait anansi getting tired getting tired fish trap anansi worked anene pretended tired pretended fell soon trap ready anene turn set trap crocodiles lake bites die cried anansi think fool set trap crocodile bites die
ago families tv look children schools books read stories hear told stories children children grew told stories children stories tales written boys girls today read hear tales tell things lived ago looked asked questions saw questions asked sea salty fox white tip tail stories answer questions tales read kings queens stories animals talk act stories everyday tales teach lesson ago sat fire night fell rested storyteller began tale listened heard small animal tricking big bad animal heard friends helping helping heard wise silly fire listening storytellers heard tales ago vain crow crow walked pond looked pond saw water cried idea looked plain knew crows looked didn looked crow sad
wolf wanted catch sheep dinner find trick wolf saw wool caught bush wool give idea wear wool suit look sheep wolf took wool find carded wool spun wool yarn wove yarn cloth wolf took cloth tailor asked tailor suit tailor took shears cut cloth cloth fine wool suit wolf tried suit look sheep thought wolf sneaked flock sheep lamb eating asked patch grass hill grandmother told stay sheep lamb wolf lamb started wolf lamb grandmother saw wolf strange sheep thought wool suit look sheep saw wolf black nose wolf cried black nose wolf wolf ran wolf painter paint nose white wolf asked painter painter painted wolf nose white wolf lamb asked eating fine patch grass hill lamb started wolf
cousin jan visit lives big city visit zuni village jan lived place big city lived place village live ways age alike ways yesterday picnic big cave close house cave big white rocks rock hole hold big window rock hole big set house inside picnics big rock fun looking hole jan thought fun look saw marks white rocks cave look jan funny marks look tracks father smiled tell zuni story tracks ago earth soft village girl took care turkeys morning night looked turkeys fed gave water took care stay turkeys called turkey girl turkey girl heard plans big dance wanted poor didn clothes wear began cry turkeys heard crying biggest turkey don cry help clothes feed help help help asked turkey girl
andrew saw upstairs ran fast listen mom mom wait andrew grandma bus bus dark listen dad andrew saw upstairs dad wait andrew cut grass dark listens thought andrew andrew listen ruthy saw upstairs bed ruthy stop andrew find bat ball want play ball dark listens thought andrew andrew saw pond walking dog andrew pond saw upstairs bed black pond listen andrew dog walk dark andrew shouted listen mom listen dad listen ruthy listen pond listen grandma bear upstairs bed mom stopped call police dad stopped call fire house ruthy stopped call zoo pond stopped called police called fire house called zoo zoom police zoom fire truck zoom woman zoo ran upstairs look mom black look dad bed look ruthy bear andrew bear listens andrew police woods climbed tree climbed window woman zoo dry woods bears looking water bear zoo looked andrew
willie hear noise upstairs look making noise open ready lunch polly willie looked strange lunch polly answered stew looks mud willie rock stew polly willie looked looks mud polly mud ok willie answered rock stew polly put stew bowl willie asked free friends answered polly willie put spoon mouth strange noise polly asked eating willie polly looked bowl re willie strange thing eating rock stew bowl re started polly asked willie eat sandwich polly house willie thinking getting eat polly walked serendipity willie asked polly word answered willie sound don means let find polly polly willie bookcase dictionary willie yes look polly bell looking yesterday help find serendipity means willie let desk books desk flute
roberto saw playing ball thought saw swimming saw thought couldn answer playing ball swimming upstairs rosa talking center going party tomorrow rosa help ready party roberto thought party fun help asked helped food paper rainbow sun put walls roberto brother friends helped punch punch big pot roberto thought help ready party beginning rosa let punch kate punch big pot pick help roberto help asked roberto found straw put punch straw put finger end straw put end straw big pot put end bowl punch ran big pot bowl party begin roberto asked home fish tank roberto fish need water hose put water hose put finger end hose
winifred things kinds things things things big things small things winifred lot things fast turned upside turned inside winifred gave things gave lived street knew winifred things thank winifred wasn happy knew didn mean woman lived winifred stopped winifred want things signs signs winifred idea winifred idea wasted took walk looked looked signs sat signs signs wanted winifred put signs house soon stopped eggs apples asked house sale stopped morning stopped night guess bit mad shouted winifred took signs end winifred started couldn stop saw sign winifred took walk zoo sat signs wanted signs winifred put signs street put rainbow colors red purple green blue signs
morris moose cold nose walking boris bear mean nose running morris nose walking cold boris let feel forehead morris heads don heads boris don heads called forehead morris head boris growled let feel head boris put hand morris forehead boris head feels hot means sick lie morris lay boris shouted sick lie bed bed lie put covers boris cover cover head morris head cold boris head covered boris took covers morris head choo morris let big sneeze boris covered morris head boris asked throat feel morris hairy boris don mean throat feel inside morris opened mouth feel inside throat boris shouted open mouth let look inside boris throat red hot tea hot asked morris boris tea don tea yes morris boris cried tea wait show tea boris boris gave morris tea
hodja climbed donkey small rushed house donkey seller street donkeys tied ah cried donkey seller hodja want donkeys brother waiting don stop dark donkeys want stop asked hodja let stop drink don let donkeys donkey makes ten brother night comes donkey seller hodja tied donkeys small climbed calling donkeys donkeys let cried clip clop clip clop hodja donkeys rode streets soon open road sun hot air dry clip clop clip hodja feel rope pulling turned donkeys drinking small stream road friends drink throats dry stop hodja tied small tree lay rock soon fast asleep loud noise small woke hodja jumped feet cried donkeys hodja ran called donkeys looked tree looked rock saw eating grass hodja tied donkeys climbed small
madge special magician hat cape wand stage wanted give magic show miles jimmy smith didn looked fence madge waved wand abracadabra frogs toads girls boys hello set magic madge magic show clapped jimmy smith didn looked trick madge turn water blue cheered hard jimmy smith madge looked fence jimmy turned pull hats empty box clapped hats jimmy smith madge stuck chin pushed cape took hat turned face jimmy stop talking trick trick seen street pull rabbit empty hat pull rabbit empty hat jimmy smith madge magic words reached hat pulled chicken chicken rabbit jimmy smith give madge waved wand reached hat magic words pulled fox jimmy smith rabbit madge waved hand reached hat pulled goat laughed knew couldn jimmy smith magician madge paused reached hat
magic mystery magic tricks eyes magic things magic show didn things happen look magic mysteries science science tell happening rainbow mystery science think rainbow sun shines rain beautiful colors sky rainbow colors purple blue green yellow orange red colors rainbow rainbow colors room put pan water sunlight shake pan colors jump walls room things size fool look airplane sky airplane looks smaller bird big big inside look frogs caps hat frog bigger mouth caps bigger hat taller wide answers mysteries idea help piece paper find lines mouths frogs size caps size hat wide tall put coin glass water look coin top size look coin side look size
closing door ellen left lives entered moved slowly flight stairs flanked restaurant turned left hotel eating dinner mama protested eat home later supposed dinner hotel mama ellen spoke word mama cantonese words quick light stress half american americans harm chinese mama mama wasn going high school tonight mama street ellen shut home easy speak cantonese american won county spelling bee help wanting mother watch regional match big bus carried thirty county champions dinner hotel high school clock curtains parted revealing audience boys girls stage thirty boys girls stage thought ellen feeling bit sad thirty mothers audience henry girlfriend dorothy father henry head family brother audience teacher botany smiled ellen finished sixth grade spelling books starting seventh twenty girls boys stage physician teacher henry physician ago intern
appalachia mine child narrow valley harlan county valley ran poor fork cumberland river high mountains walled valley pine mountain north big black south house lived formed hub parts knew intimately radiated hub spokes wheel season mountains towered glorious majestic continually full surprises spring shyly tenuously beginning appeared whitish flowers maples unknowing easily mistake young tender leaves let earth treated days warm sunshine mountainsides unfurled shade green leaves appeared trees starting water melting snows run steep mountainsides swell rivers wild flowers begun seasonal procession mountains early march winter cold climb broomsedge hill find spring beauties blue eyed grass fragile dainty coming woods running mountain meet joy finding knelt cupped lovingly hands buried noses april sunday afternoon family mountains picnic mood observe springtime ritual father decided proper arrived shouldered ax mother gave children teaspoon mountain spot grew grove black birch trees
call rufus let kitchen drink cold water waited father tried think explain cans dog food quilt rufus rug didn father drove climbed rode home guilty silence stepmother alice told say word home brothers looked fearfully father glint eye room stay deal later surprised end waited week punishment month later maybe school person talked turned say november birthday woke poison heart ache throat swallowing remembering twelfth birthday mother dress bought tales robin hood don read anymore book rufus ran breakfast strangely quiet thing happy birthday knew forgotten school answered called ate lunch passed thinking birthdays live rufus leave
gave hint needed plan authentic records animal tracks armed printer ink paper rolls set gathering dictionary collection imprints failures experiment methods devised number improvements wife substitution black paint printer ink dries quickly padding paper light soft light animals stronger harder heavy printing mouse printing delicate etching ink paper dampness exactly handicap regulate pressure course strictly zoo method attempts secure black prints wild animals total failures paper smell paint wild things zoo spread black pad white paper narrow temporary lane drove tried drive captives securing series tracks sized properly spaced absolutely authentic capable yielding facts observer learns subject related sounds easy idea cross crooked contrary creature wish repeat ordinary thing hourly balked paint paper leap clear wrecked entire apparatus begin rush halfway destroy print cases calmest steadiest tamest beasts unmanageable approached trackological intent
tell head plant protection agency figure industrial security truth leaf league eliminate abuse flora agency charged seeing green friends wantonly destroyed abused job fall jurisdiction including regulating setting standards herbicides coordinating activities forest rangers setting enforcing laws picking flowers newest strangest operative breed altogether herb greene trying communicate plants electronically psychically need tell think psychic hogwash admit electronic equipment certainly impressive attaches lie detector probes leaves measure plant psychogalvanic reflexes says lines chart correspond plant reactions thoughts actions trying verify attempts communication kids believing re making beans grow faster thinking thoughts kind crackpot stuck regional director told give free hand anyway lot publicity visitors impressed someday find exactly days ago greene office tell tree agony city dropped pipe managed received impression tree miles northeast
view history sequoyah accomplished person entire history invent completely simple usable alphabet syllabary beautifully uncomplicated tool capable expressing complete language thought cherokees unquestionably pure genius inventor sudden fame cherokee nation awarded income purely literary pensions granted boundaries united states council awarded handsome medal letter stated designed author human existence directing genius happy discovery fully estimated incalculable invention type cast eighty characters cherokee phoenix printed magazines system schools method shortly newspaper appeared spirit memory sequoyah live today cherokees read syllabary fewer fewer system alive century half sun wheels sky grass grows green remembered mountain north carolina tennessee border named statue georgia marker fixes place print shop stood echota cherokee phoenix printed county bears oklahoma nearly called sequoyah
famished wolf hunting babies fast asleep huddled heap warmth licked march beginning spring night trees crackled cold december sooner put tongue cold nip hard mother wolf poor health fearful started slightest noise worrying hurt young scent humans horses stumps trees woodpiles dark road frightened imagined standing darkness trees dogs howling forest longer young sense smell sharp happened mistook fox track dog deceived waning sense smell lost thing happened youth feeble health longer hunted calves large sheep avoided horses colts nourished carrion tasted fresh meat spring chancing rabbit steal young sneaked peasant cattle shed lambs miles lair post road stood winter lodge lived watchman ignat seventy coughing talking slept night wandered forest single barreled gun whistling attract rabbits
public libraries organized want find book story author information topic card catalog place start library index shelves catalog card file arranged alphabetical order types cards author cards subject cards title cards fiction nonfiction nearly book library type card book nonfiction call number tells shelves book found card call number located upper left corner book call number located spine fiction books arranged shelves alphabetical order author fiction books call numbers samples card type shown page nonfiction book called coyote roger caras notice author card writer top line title card book title top subject card general subject topic book top cards cards filed card catalog alphabetical order according top line reasons types cards title nonfiction book look title card find call number tell shelf book located title card tells author general subject book
say prayers miserable holder candle screeched fattened cattle days butcher slaughter served cafe famed excellent food mercy chamberlain cried food starving torture wrinkled laughed louder disappeared darkness let tell returns vizier earnestly release arrest put stop vile business foolish vizier sultan answered find sultan kill quicker fear anger force destroy delay lord chamberlain agreed vizier fright thinking hastily suggest zakia sultan thoughtfully find predicament give think groped darkness find wall dungeon sat rest think hours later jailer returned laughing decided give food fearsome smile look fat days food knock impudence noble lord sultan gently intend impudent displease learned fate resigned death desire
look mom sara ken fire fire call help sara mom call help need help fire call mom truck ken big truck truck fire mom sara truck fire call call truck sara mom asked dad beth asked sara beth dad help fire eat bake bread asked ken eat call fire fire dog dog fire asked jim fire dog dog ana dad asked beth truck fire dog ken fire put water put fire eat bell fire put hop dad beth
cats climb trees hate climb cats sit tree cry comes help friend charlie helps cats charlie heard meow tree thought cats trees home pail rope fish put fish pail tied end rope handle threw end rope branch cat pulled pail cat smelled fish jumped pail charlie brought pail cat elevator ride fish cat liked won leave charlie cat follows charlie says wants fish think cat likes charlie letter moon today charlie want says sure heard moon says dear charlie saw night stayed ten thirty playing hide seek late mother worried hope won telling green cheese rocks tell truth thanks sending peanut butter jelly sandwiches week
kate ran yard clubhouse carrying box sign clubhouse door detectives private kate pushed clubhouse door open look yelled friend marsha talking nobby tell later marsha re busy thinking mystery solve mystery kate box okay open marsha told kate opened box slowly marsha looked inside nobby looked magnifying glass inside kate mystery smell stuck nose inside box sniffed hard looked magnifying glass marsha nobby sniffed don smell marsha nobby lost kate cried mind marsha tell empty house grizzly hill kate asked haunted nobby asked kate lights house funny smell marsha laughed maybe wizard haunted house making brew toads ears hairy spiders crawly things kate shivered couldn bad smell kind mystery smell heard mystery smell marsha don believe kate sniff don mysteries today kate smell nobby put detective notebook pencil magnifying glass bag kate led stopped front brown tumbled house wind rustled dry leaves yard
sudden lights detectives looked woman rosy face stood didn look wizard ghost monster looked chef tall white hat woman asked re detectives marsha marsha kate nobby friend mrs birdie woman brings detectives wanted find makes mixed smell marsha told mystery nobby note door mrs birdie face wrinkled smile note friend glad moved week lonesome guessed smell tried nobby answered didn clues follow mrs birdie show makes wonderful smell led dark hall warm kitchen full smell detectives stood doorway afraid look table saw thing kitchen table didn look alive wasn moving big lump brown mrs birdie pointed mystery marsha cried bread dough read school mrs birdie gave fresh brown bread butter tasted smelled wizard kate mrs birdie winked wizard magic bake bread happy grouchy sad bread won
edge sea dolphins waited swam dove bottom broke water chattering arion spoke arion poet singer songs waited saw lute arm hurried place dolphins swam sat stone tune lute plucked string fingers sang full brightness sun shining sea sang dolphins leaped water danced arion music dove swam arion music friend arion known wide singer songs fine poet knew children sat feet sang happened contest singers poets land arion queen agreed sing sweetly surely win prize arion took ship land contest held singers poets countries played lutes sang magical places tried win prize arion turn sing fell silent eye ear listened arion sang sea sky sang dolphins sunlight breaking waves finished cheered arion won contest grand prize bag gold
ancient romans greeks knew dolphins liked dolphins pictured roman coins carved rare gems painted walls tales dolphins greek roman poems stories dolphin tales happened tales tell dolphins played ships helped fishing driving fish nets saved lives swimmers drowning stories true dolphins things today dolphins friends tales children dolphins true doubtful happen wild dolphin friends child dolphin swam boats found dolphin liked scratched gently oar named opo opo friendly boats began play swimmers opo willing play grown ups liked children chose swim opo clear wanted petted picked child special human friend girl named jill baker jill swam opo times dolphin swam jill opo picked jill gave short ride opo jill rubbing petting let jill put small children opo loved play gave beach ball opo soon game tossed air rushed place going fall tossed air
amelia building rolly coaster sister murry cousins kate lucy helping working days amelia kate hand hurts yesterday sick tired want quit kate headed house wait called lucy coming murry hung stay help thanks murry amelia giving sister hug hammer soon building amelia murry laid track ground added boards track building track hard hotter girls felt wilted weary longer amelia saying boards amelia murry cousins kate lucy path carrying lemonade asked kate sorry meeley didn mean mad re bossy sorry lucy need help lemonade amelia gulped lemonade girls looks ok amelia standing let hope works kate shook head grandma decides re goner re amelia grandma tell father won chicago fair miss chance real roller coaster murry eyes grew big going meeley hope jim comes hope grandma takes nap crossing fingers
ago sky stars woman lived dog hundredth birthday townspeople rejoiced town square feasting dancing streets surprise king appeared king gave woman sack diamonds birthday woman rare gift sack diamonds pretty yes cried rare valuable gift sun began set woman bid woman hurried home sack diamonds dog want late moon starless nights dark morning woman sat chair house woman thought sack diamonds rare gift dog need house garden warm cloak suddenly jumped chair sitting hide pretty treasure safe robbers sooner dug hole garden covered sack diamonds dog immediately dug brought woman woman hid took drink water tasted sour sack
thing morning woman loaded sack wheelbarrow pushed wheelbarrow town square left burdensome treasure returned home empty wheelbarrow told dog glad rid diamonds knock door townspeople standing doorstep set sack diamonds found sack diamonds king gave town square imagine woman townspeople left woman shook head opened sack looked diamonds sparkled sparkled diamonds pretty dog sat chair put chin hand thought thought suddenly jumped try didn think sooner set immediately soon finished making fine strong slingshot pitch dark nights slingshot woman shot diamond dark sky diamonds stayed making night sky bright gotten rid sack diamonds sky filled twinkling lights diamonds twinkle woman pleased diamonds dog joy sack diamonds cluttering house
pretend spaceship don suppose traveling spaceship space moon suppose met ship full space suppose asked home planet earth say suppose space traveled earth say earth blue skies yellow sunlight say sun fiery bright bright look light touch shines feel warmth re outdoors warm air sun feels skin days don sunlight clouds stretch sky white billowing clouds gray mottled dark clouds hold rain rain mists slowly falls sheets splashing highways turning dirt roads mud rain soaks ground fills rivers lakes oceans earth water sunlight wind blows clouds sun appears shining clouds say space wish meet don earth sunlight earth fresh cool rain look blue skies cloudy night sky night look glimmering points dot darkness think worlds look stars suns suns give yellowish light bluish light reddish light beautiful suns kinds
swap chester say didn matter wanted chester playing yo yo walter counting baseball cards forty walter saying chester swap chester huh walter looking swap yo yo baseball cards chester flicking yo yo making snap hand smartly don want swap walter full set chester swapped genuine compass yo yo real boxwood real boxwood yo chester leave walter quick flash cards yo yo changed hands chester cards walter yo yo chester fanning cards starting street walter slipped yo yo cord finger began practice chester loved swap today yo yo baseball cards baseball cards skate scooter skate scooter boomerang boy riding unicycle swap boomerang chester began hand boy hopping wheel chester surprise magic words leave swap easy chester knew swap saw
myron surmach beekeeper saddle river jersey born ukraine learned beekeeping father credit health happiness bees honey garden schoolchildren teachers honey farm apiary show garden beehives give taste honey love tell bees answer questions visitors ask beekeeping things talk bees produce delicious healthful food honey important pollinate plants trees flowers plants produce vegetables fruit seeds grains bees carry pollen apple blossom bees apples bee needs food live bee takes nectar flower carries hive honey stomach hive nectar worker worker puts cell honeycomb fanning wings fast bees breeze ripens nectar turns honey takes pound nectar quarter pound honey honey ripened bees cover cap cell wax ready bees eat half honey beekeepers collect leftovers scout bees find source nectar show worker bees bee dance yes dance tells bees direction fly won waste looking
medicine shows provided fun entertainment americans early want times encyclopedia read article want encyclopedias reference books special method guiding readers information method called cross clues treasure hunt cross references lead readers topic suppose reading amusements end article find words games hobbies sports topics cross references tell topic look information topic separated semicolon find information amusements look games volume want look hobbies sports want read topic check cross references topic find cross reference let say want find medicine shows find entry medicine shows medicine history means information medicine shows found volume topic medicine history suppose find listing topic think topic find need say want read professor popple find listing volume topics choose find mentioned topics entertainers medicine find listing topic try think similar topics help find need
looks mad squirrel loose mountain forests california scrambles sequoia tree goes high twenty story building nips tender green cone bites motions tiny jackhammer seeds pieces cone splatter ground chickaree douglas squirrel helping alive giant sequoia sequoia largest living things tree huge growing front lawn trunk cover yard thirty feet thick seeds small takes thousand fill teaspoon chickaree eats outer part sequoia cone leaves tiny seeds sloppy table manners drops seeds ground seeds green cones likely sprout dry cones fall tree eating habits chickaree help sequoia trees sprouting busy tree squirrel bosses territory territory size city lots huge sequoia grow land soaring pine fir cedar trees chickaree live grove ancient sequoias stillness makes want whisper walk cinnamon colored trunks quiet soon broken screams whistles walking chickaree hidden food stores wants fluffy tail flicks whip shrieks stamps feet rage
ago lived doors noticed plants animals insects birds sensed coming storm sooner living things try save lives look shelter storm ago saw animals seeking shelter things weather air pressure amount water air temperature wind felt plants animals clues weather ago called weather signs knew read signs weather services predicting modern instruments fair weather air water rain air damp humidity humidity amount water air weather services instruments measure humidity earlier times looked signs tell air getting water spiders show signs humidity spiders spin webs evening calm clear weather don bother large webs high humidity drop air pressure spiders build larger nets insects easier catch water air wings heavier harder fly heavy rain ruin net wash bugs spiders nets storm arrives saying warns spiders nets ground soon wet
adaptability main reason coyote extended range coyote adapted human wild animals decrease number towns cities farms factories invade territories coyote held ground hills called home coyote today look large city sees roads slashed woods meadow learns hide drains pipes hears singing outdoor theater joins mournful wail song dog lives secretive family bought house medium sized city coyotes roamed neighboring woods heard barks whines didn coyote passed tiny pup crossed road front house coyote adapted living humans recently adapted variety offered nature survive cold north heat desert live group coyotes eat mice insects rabbits apples watermelon re bird everglades die snail monarch caterpillar feeds milkweed coyote flexible diet live places quick learn meal coyote tricks follows elk free lunch elk paws snow grass accidentally flushes mouse coyote pounces times coyotes team catch rabbit duck
pal caleb collins funny guy books nose reads fast drink water says interesting library read book says interesting say certainly practices preaches let tell mean summers ago town seabreeze caleb introduced morning school thought guy special putting sailboat peacherino water caleb bay bank sort stood gawking hello gerry finally hello caleb checking gear southeasterly wind blowing itching sure lot fun sail sure agreed haven sailboat sadly kansas sailing want spin thanks gerry sailed bay bucking wind caleb grinning ear ear boy exclaim spray smack face say gerry certainly agree sailboat thrill forget live
baron told ditchdigger closed book snap stamped yellow boots plodded village found standing front stone taking measurements morning grandfather baron measuring stone baron measurements think completed measurements fellow thought say twelve hours won finished today sundown baron word left returned castle ditchdigger laid large round circle road yards stone began dig dug slowly methodically casting earth side hole villagers stood watched puzzled hope move stone logs ropes pulleys poor fellow janos wasting anton move stone pieter worked steadily hole larger mounds dirt sides taller taller watching puzzled doubt fellow strange full confidence purple shadows twilight fell stuck spade earth climbed hole dug managed crawl top mound
making violin takes steps jennifer becker careful records records list facts chart charts show facts organized facts written charts easier faster read written sentences look chart notice facts title tells kind information chart look headings columns heading labels information column beneath suppose want length luigi violin column labeled find luigi run finger row reach column labeled length figure column mm luigi violin mm chart start column suppose want violins height column labeled height read figures column yes violins mm high find names violins run finger row find column labeled tell violins height read paragraph compares stringed instruments follow directions members violin family viola cello double bass instruments look alike sizes differ viola cm lower width cm cello measures cm lower width cm
ella glanced slip paper hand want block girls ella henny sarah charlotte gertie charlie going aunt apartment supper mother meet later ella let nice looking building ella glanced paper floor apartment children trooped stoop shouldn ring bell asked gertie buzzer order ella replied lena charlie swing stairs henny hand sarah whooping delight charlie swung stairs feet touched ground henny tapped apartment door number answer tapped louder answer strange ella lena expecting touched doorknob door open guess means henny maybe hear suggested gertie let find ella pushing open door lena lena re reply small hall led big square kitchen home charlotte shouted house children looked knowing anyway food table henny cheerfully eyes feasted slab homemade corned beef mmm look potato salad cole slaw rejoiced gertie lena sure knows look ella sarah pointed note table picked read aloud shopping
teresa stood line los airport short city merida mexico family grandmother mind teresa mother asked pozole teresa rubbing tummy mother smiled think food help grandma pozole big chunks pork corn stew gravy yummy chicken sauce makes remember tastes teresa stopped short thought minute mom grandma call custard mean flan asked mother comes father want food find plane ok bags checked teresa father let plane leaves gate started walk hall teresa run crowds going hallways teresa looked baby brother rested mother arms care trip mexico thought teresa walked teresa father bent took hand arrive grandma supper tonight bands play music street re called mariachis play lively music sounds fun teresa wait hear father smiled hurried hallway teresa looked brother billy hands digging mother purse
tuesday morning small town busy blast noisy horn druggist stops filling bottle counter garbage leaves car lift butcher takes apron barber leaves shop women home scoop children run cars surprised quit fill jobs horn signal volunteer fire team put fire volunteer fire team fire members team firehouse drive trucks fire nearby quickly team members fire radios cars find fire drive fire north side town frederick street lugos big farm house barns danger peg smith firehouse barber works doors firehouse jumps pumper starts engine peg pulls truck firehouse luis borjas butcher jumps fire gear truck luis put big boots heavy coat fire team members practiced times knows part job gina ortero bill adams run rescue unit truck bill starts engine craig scott
eric lives yellow family house brown shutters dead end street knows house yellow brown shutters friend jon told eric blind yellow house brown shutters eric family live downstairs jon family live upstairs jon room eric room eric jon share secret code summer morning eric taps heating pipe tell jon meet fifteen minutes short taps means going fishing morning jon hurries dressed eating oatmeal quickly eric puts hooks sinkers tackle box meet hall believe today special wheels arrive jon exclaims walk lake apple orchard stop tree apples ripe heavy limbs eric smiles toes wiggle inside damp sneakers glad saved newspaper route money buy special wheels eric says leans tree feeling warm sun face fuzzy creature crawls arm cups hand jon striped caterpillar jon says eric caterpillar friend picks couple fist sized apples tree lake unpack fishing gear eric takes wiggly worms box worm says let cast lines cast line splash lines hit water wait fish bite sun getting hot
sun low sky bear mouse return babies soon needed eat find food milk young starve overhead cardinal flashed dropped bill red holly berry lay snow mouse hurried hunger mouse forget safe dangerous open picked berry began nibble high pine tree snowy owl looked white meadow spread wings sailed upward whooo whoo whoo called softly mouse heard hunting cry owl darted safety stone wall crouched waiting small body shook fear hunger snowshoe rabbit huddled ears bent forward quickly zigzagging leaps bounded mouse stayed close stone wall began trouble nest found food return babies mouse started meadow suddenly stopped strange wild scent filled air mouse stood high looked turning head side ears twisted listening slightest sound sniffed air edge meadow bobcat slunk low crept forward mouse slowly nearer nearer crept bobcat close pounced mouse leaped side
father walk appa house getting dark road desert dusty sunlight brown dust puff feet step makes brown puff wish rain land dry small stalks corn look thirsty hurry home school father walk village roads drive days drive grass corn growing father wants winter feed animals stops talk zuni watch father talk listen says talks zuni language zuni women talk quietly father hear say father hears lot laughter laugh listen laughter think grow father talks women talk children peek mothers smile smile father makes jokes laugh walk appa house think laughing happy think sound laughter sound going appa house sick father seen days father knocks appa door opens door
gillespie gate pulling red wagon trail sand wagon piled high sand move middle brother guard gate smiling minute gillespie silly try hide things sand extra powerful eyes looked sand surprise worth guard re foolish pull pile sand home find want block prove re fooling write royal guard book wrote gillespie took load sand home gillespie working hard tugging pulling red wagon packed stones pile high gillespie head stones jiggled bumped wagon oldest brother guard gate actually laughed loud minute gillespie hiding stones super extra powerful eyes looked insides stones unusual guard re foolish pull pile stones home find want block enforce rules prove re fooling write royal guard book wrote gillespie took load stones
box john collins ben franklin mill pond evening swim ben wooden box arm kind packed candles things mine answered ben big frog re funny ben catch frogs eggs carry home carry frogs turn loose let eggs let frogs grow belong ben moved box side grow lot jelly round eggs egg turns tadpole watch tadpoles weeks change frogs frogs begin hopping house mother makes let going save big needs real pond swim reached path led bushes water edge pushing branches side ben path box john stopped shore pond ben set box tall grass raising top box crack reached inside slowly took frog watch ben bent opened fingers big frog hopped water splash frog swam sight wish swim fast ben frogs john saw chance argument boys enjoyed debating john read grown books argument sound things read
huge fish swimming smaller fish big fish hungry swallowed fish big fish died sank bottom lake happened ages ago fish turned stone fish fossil plant animal turned stone called fossil scientists tell stones tell fish fossil fish lived ages ago plants animals fossils plants animals fossils die rot crumble dry blow trace left happened big fish lived fish fossil happened big fish died sank mud bottom lake slowly big fish rotted bones left bones fish ate left skeletons fish lay buried protected deep mud mud covered fish tons tons mud piled surface earth changed lake fish buried dried rained drying mud water seeped mud minerals stones water water seeped tiny holes fish bones minerals water left fish bones minerals changed bones stone fish fossil
figure income fixed period accounting period account income deductions clearly shows taxable income accounting method individual tax returns cover calendar months january december kind accounting period fiscal month period ends month december choose accounting period file income tax return longer months change permission internal revenue service employee earned filed income tax return calendar basis july quit job opened repair shop business reasons want file income tax return fiscal basis july june change accounting period permission internal revenue service accounting method account income deductions accounting methods cash method accrual method method report items income actually constructively receive deduct expenses pay method individual taxpayers income constructively received credited account set makes need physical possession amount dividends interest credited account bank savings loan association december taxable income amount entered passbook withdrawn
april final date filing income tax return calendar ending december fiscal ending month december income tax return due month close fiscal due date act tax purposes filing return paying taxes falls saturday sunday legal holiday act business return tax payment filed paid properly addressed postmarked later due date return sufficient postage send return registered mail date registration postmark date registration evidence return delivered send return certified mail receipt postmarked postal employee date receipt postmarked date postmarked certified mail receipt evidence return delivered file return due date pay failure file penalty tax due month part month return late penalty tax reduced failure pay penalty discussed payment due month penalties apply pay penalty show reasonable filing return extensions file later nonresident alien living canada mexico earn wages united states subject income tax withholding income tax return due april file calendar basis month end fiscal
receive payment personal services included gross income includes called fringe benefits wages salaries commissions tips fees report income form goods services fair market goods services received accurate records earnings subject withholding amounts withheld pay income social security taxes savings bonds considered received included income withheld generally true amounts withheld pensions insurance union dues assessments discussed later chapter employer pays social security tax deducting gross wages amount paid extra pay included gross income employer wages pay debts wages attached garnisheed full amount considered received included income fines penalties withheld pay included income amounts receive employer sick injured taxable payments directly employer welfare fund sickness disability benefit fund association employers employees insurance company plan paid employer benefits received accident health insurance policy paid premiums taxable totally permanently disabled qualify disability income exclusion explained chapter payments sickness accident disability plan system set employer payments subject withholding social security tax
god margaret re moving today scared god lived suppose hate school suppose hates help god don let jersey horrible thank moved tuesday labor knew weather knew caught mother sniffing arms hot humid sure deodorant working don deodorant don think start smell bad re twelve months surprised home camp found york apartment rented family owned house farbrook jersey heard farbrook left important family decisions groaned jersey told island social westchester expensive connecticut inconvenient farbrook jersey father commute job manhattan public school mother grass trees flowers wanted knew wanted stuff place house morningbird lane bad part brick part wood shutters front door painted black nice brass knocker house street looks lot trees think left city grandmother sylvia simon figure reason move especially mother says grandma influence
hardware store father bought deluxe power lawn mower evening home jersey supper turkey sandwiches local delicatessen father cut grass mower fine front yard check grass bag mower simple thing hardware store demonstrated turn mower reach inside father forgot heard yell barbara accident ran house grabbed towel wrapped hand chance sat floor turned pale god mother blood seeped towel cut heard raced look limb didn talking hand read re supposed save limbs cut doctor sew thought thing think things couldn find hand fingers house police mother floor father head lap rode police car home stay silent talk god hospital inside head notice god margaret father awful accident help god kind nice
wednesday night mother helped wash hair set big rollers planned sleep night hour hurt head took thursday morning early trouble eating mother natural feel uneasy school girl felt mother telling girl supposed feel understands put blue plaid cotton school dress mother likes blue says brings color eyes wore brown loafers socks mother thought dumb margaret walk quarters mile blisters socks suffer suffer wear socks point mother mean understands couldn understand wear loafers socks told nancy says sixth grade wears socks school margaret don going re teenager re acting thing mother talking teenager stand straight margaret posture makes figure later wash face soap margaret won pimples re teenager ask teenager pretty rotten pimples worrying smell finally mother told kissed cheek gave pat walked nancy house
current temperature forty wgvm degrees felicia looked thermometer kitchen window shook head current temperature fifty kershenbaum degrees informed radio announcer commercial al auto agency morning moaned sister marilyn morning asked felicia sprinkling sugar cold cereal felicia mother grabbed hand dipped sugar bowl fourth spoonfuls diet felicia watching marilyn shell hard boiled egg morning repeated marilyn father began re eating ant alive perish malnutrition house fifteen cubic foot refrigerator going stay idiotic diet morning marilyn felicia listen weather forecast say wrong felicia insisted marilyn ignoring kershenbaum asked mrs kershenbaum yes replied occur marilyn demanded wrong felicia marilyn drummed fingers table felicia knew meant marilyn getting angry couldn understand angry look marilyn began trying sound patient sounding patient annoys temperature wrong listen weather going explained felicia listen weather forecast wondered marilyn couldn understand simplest things marilyn mother interrupted holding hand early going eat hard boiled egg kershenbaum asked
mom felicia asked dropping school books kitchen table shopping marilyn looking fingernails gloomily painting concord grape felicia opened refrigerator door peered inside thing commented felicia rummaging shelves thing eat took slices american cheese square semisweet baking chocolate put table jar peanut butter cabinet spoon re going pimples eating marilyn predicted felicia took spoonful peanut butter licked yecch grimaced marilyn watching eat makes ill don watch felicia reasonably think color marilyn asked holding hand felicia nails question unexpected felicia startled marilyn asked opinion half felicia sister reply asked felicia carefully peeled plastic wrap cheese marilyn want truth going sensitive hurt felicia didn color felicia sat nibbling cheese hoping marilyn forget asked think color marilyn repeated irritably listening listening felicia calmly think felicia reluctantly looks dried blood ohh marilyn hissed felicia jerked sister looked lunge arm hit peanut butter jar knocking table floor splattering smash ohh groaned felicia looking mess broken glass peanut butter scattered kitchen
raining morning felicia breakfast radio announcer saying wgvm studio weather wet care argue felicia marilyn asked sounding wanted fight haven felicia cried indignantly marilyn mother warned don start don start felicia shook cereal box rice krispies dribbled bowl cheerfully going refrigerator salami sandwich anyway don say word kershenbaum ordered staring hard marilyn marilyn popped hard boiled egg mouth saying thing swallows don sit watch left kitchen mother sighed drive today father asked felicia sliced salami spread mustard sandwich think walk felicia pouring mother objected felicia glanced window pouring steady drizzling weather report going raining morning unreliable felicia biting sandwich guess coke don talk mouth full milk thirsty felicia maybe marilyn wants ride father half felicia finished sandwich things school desk pieces paper felicia carefully inside front cover spelling book stuck books inside plastic zipper envelope father gotten office making sure spelling book top easily reach needed papers
father family pirrip christian philip infant tongue names longer explicit pip called pip called pip give pirrip father family authority tombstone sister mrs joe gargery married blacksmith saw father mother saw likeness days days photographs fancies regarding unreasonably derived tombstones shape letters father gave odd idea square stout dark curly black hair character turn inscription georgiana wife drew childish conclusion mother freckled sickly stone lozenges foot half arranged neat row grave sacred memory brothers mine gave trying living early universal struggle indebted belief religiously entertained born backs hands trousers pockets existence marsh country river river wound twenty miles sea vivid broad impression identity things gained memorable raw afternoon evening
sister mrs joe gargery twenty older established reputation neighbours brought hand find expression meant knowing hard heavy hand habit laying husband supposed joe gargery brought hand looking woman sister general impression joe gargery marry hand joe fair curls flaxen hair side smooth face eyes undecided blue mixed whites mild sweet tempered easy going foolish dear fellow sort hercules strength weakness sister mrs joe black hair eyes prevailing redness skin wonder washed nutmeg soap tall bony wore coarse apron fastened figure loops square impregnable bib front stuck full pins needles powerful merit strong reproach joe wore apron reason worn wear joe forge adjoined house wooden house dwellings country ran home churchyard forge shut joe sitting kitchen
stood churchyard reading family tombstones learning able spell construction simple meaning correct read wife complimentary reference father exaltation deceased relations referred doubt formed worst opinions member family notions theological positions catechism bound accurate lively remembrance supposed declaration walk days laid obligation village house direction vary turning wheelwrights mill apprenticed joe assume dignity mrs joe called pompeyed render pampered odd boy forge neighbour happened want extra boy frighten birds pick stones job favoured employment order superior position compromised money box kitchen mantel shelf publicly known earnings dropped impression contributed eventually liquidation national debt hope personal participation treasure aunt evening school village say ridiculous woman limited means unlimited inirmity sleep evening society youth paid twopence week improving opportunity seeing
miserable thing feel ashamed home black ingratitude thing punishment retributive deserved miserable thing testify home pleasant place sister temper joe sanctified believed believed parlour elegant saloon believed front door mysterious portal temple solemn opening attended sacrifice roast fowls believed kitchen chaste magnificent apartment believed forge glowing road manhood independence single changed coarse common miss havisham estella account ungracious condition mind fault miss havisham sister moment change thing ill excusably inexcusably roll shirt sleeves forge joe prentice distinguished happy reality hold felt dusty dust small coal weight daily remembrance anvil feather occasions later suppose lives felt thick curtain fallen interest romance shut save dull endurance
head full george barnwell disposed believe hand attack sister events relation popularly known obligations legitimate object suspicion clearer light morning began reconsider matter hear discussed sides took view case reasonable joe jolly bargemen smoking pipe quarter clock quarter ten sister standing kitchen door exchanged night farm labourer going home saw dense confusion tried joe home minutes ten found struck floor promptly called assistance fire burnt unusually low snuff candle candle blown part house blowing candle stood table door sister stood facing fire struck disarrangement kitchen excepting falling bleeding remarkable piece evidence spot struck blunt heavy head spine blows dealt heavy thrown considerable violence lay face
fell regular routine apprenticeship varied limits village marshes remarkable circumstance arrival birthday paying visit miss havisham found miss sarah pocket duty gate found miss havisham left spoke estella words interview lasted minutes gave guinea going told birthday mention annual custom tried decline taking guinea occasion effect causing ask angrily expected took unchanging dull house yellow light darkened room faded spectre chair dressing table glass felt stopping clocks stopped mysterious place grew older stood daylight entered house thoughts remembrances actual fact bewildered influence continued heart hate trade ashamed home imperceptibly conscious change biddy shoes heel hair grew bright neat hands clean beautiful common estella pleasant wholesome sweet tempered remember newly mourning struck observed evening curiously thoughtful attentive eyes eyes pretty
hole ground lived hobbit nasty dirty wet hole filled ends worms oozy smell dry bare sandy hole sit eat hobbit hole means comfort perfectly round door porthole painted green shiny yellow brass knob exact middle door opened tube shaped hall tunnel comfortable tunnel smoke panelled walls floors tiled carpeted provided polished chairs lots lots pegs hats coats hobbit fond visitors tunnel wound going fairly straight side hill hill miles round called round doors opened side going upstairs hobbit bedrooms bathrooms cellars pantries lots wardrobes rooms devoted clothes kitchens dining rooms floor passage rooms lefthand side going windows deep set round windows looking garden meadows sloping river hobbit hobbit baggins bagginses lived neighbourhood hill mind considered respectable rich adventures unexpected tell baggins say question bother asking story baggins adventure found saying things altogether unexpected
sang hobbit felt love beautiful things hands cunning magic moving fierce jealous love desire hearts dwarves tookish woke inside wished mountains hear pine trees waterfalls explore caves wear sword walking stick looked window stars dark sky trees thought jewels dwarves shining dark caverns suddenly wood water flame leapt lighting wood fire thought plundering dragons settling quiet hill kindling flames shuddered quickly plain baggins bag end hill trembling half mind fetch lamp half mind pretend hide beer barrels cellar dwarves suddenly found music singing stopped looking eyes shining dark going thorin tone show guessed halves hobbit mind light bilbo apologetically dark dwarves dark dark business hours dawn course bilbo sat hurry missed stool sat fender knocking poker shovel crash hush gandalf let thorin speak thorin began gandalf dwarves baggins met house friend fellow conspirator excellent audacious hobbit hair toes fall praise wine ale
roads east interrupted gandalf river running thorin taking notice ruins dale town valley shadow mountain liked idea front gate river runs cliff south mountain comes dragon changed habits wizard mighty warrior hero tried find warriors busy fighting distant lands neighbourhood heroes scarce simply found swords parts blunt axes trees shields cradles dishcovers dragons comfortably legendary settled burglary especially remembered existence side door bilbo baggins burglar chosen selected burglar let plans thorin supposing burglar expert ideas suggestions turned mock politeness bilbo bit things feeling confused bit shaky inside tookishly determined things mean gold dragon belongs bless thorin haven map didn hear song haven talking hours plain clear obstinately putting business manner reserved tried borrow money wise prudent professional live gandalf recommendation
paths led mountains passes paths cheats deceptions led bad ends passes infested evil things dreadful dangers dwarves hobbit helped wise advice elrond knowledge memory gandalf took road pass days climbed valley left homely house miles going hard path dangerous path crooked lonely look lands left laid west things blue faint bilbo knew lay country safe comfortable things hobbit hole shivered getting bitter cold wind shrill rocks boulders times galloping mountain sides let loose mid sun snow passed lucky heads alarming nights comfortless chill dare sing talk loud echoes uncanny silence dislike broken noise water wail wind crack stone summer getting thought bilbo haymaking going picnics harvesting blackberrying begin side rate thinking equally gloomy thoughts bye elrond high hope midsummer morning spoken gaily passage mountains riding swift lands
bilbo opened eyes wondered dark shut imagine fright hear feel stone floor slowly groped fours till touched wall tunnel find sign goblins sign dwarves head swimming direction going fall guessed crawled till suddenly hand met felt tiny ring cold metal lying floor tunnel turning point career put ring pocket thinking certainly moment sat cold floor gave complete miserableness thought frying bacon eggs kitchen home feel inside high meal miserabler think think happened left left goblins caught head sore truth lying quiet sight mind dark corner felt pipe broken felt pouch tobacco
bilbo saved pure luck course answer gollum disappointed getting angry tired game hungry boat sat dark bilbo hobbit dreadfully uncomfortable scattered wits ask uss quesstion peciouss yes yess yesss jusst question guess yes yess gollum bilbo simply think question nasty wet cold thing sitting pawing poking scratched pinched think ask ask gollum bilbo pinched slapped gripped sword felt pocket hand found ring picked passage forgotten pocket aloud talking gollum thought riddle frightfully upset fair fair hissed fair precious ask nassty pocketses bilbo seeing happened ask stuck question pocket louder hissed gollum give guesseses preciouss guesseses guess bilbo handses gollum wrong bilbo luckily hand guess gollum upset thought things pockets fishbones goblins teeth wet shells bit bat wing sharp stone sharpen fangs nasty things tried think pockets
rocky islands gulls woke business silently floated town icy eyes sighted dead fish bits garbage ships wharves began scream quarrel cocks boston yards cried coming hens awake scratching clucking laying eggs cats malt houses granaries ship holds mansions hovels caught mouse settled wash fur sleep cats stables horses shook halters whinnied barns cows lowed milked boston slowly opened eyes stretched woke sun struck horizontally east flashing weathervanes brass cocks arrows glass eyed indian copper grasshopper bells steeples cling clanged telling hundreds houses sleepy women woke sleepier children ephraim pump fetch mother water ann barn milk cow drive common start fire silas put clean shirt james dolly count ten crooked house head hancock wharf crowded fish street mrs lapham stood foot ladder leading attic father law apprentices slept boys luckier apprentices master feeble climb ladders middle aged mistress stout bellows penetrate quarters heavy hands boys answer dove coming ma dove turned snooze frustrated shook ladder heavy climb wished shake limbs satan
lapham befitted venerable dignity master house sat armchair head table peaceful kind remote daughter law nagging collect bills finish promised discipline apprentices touch bother listen dull groping eyes lingered kindly boys trooped breakfast morning dove dusty morning johnny morning sir took blessing meal deacon cockerel church pious breakfast poor artisan afford milk ale gruel sausages corn bread plentiful cooked kitchen clean cleaner houses member household clean shirt petticoat mrs lapham manager cared genteel manners laugh dorcas mother touch maple syrup gimme syrup pitcher meal lapham told madge hand family bible johnny going ask read today boys johnny read easily mother lived dove stumbled shamefully dusty chapter genesis reading thing eventually learn madge dorcas cared try read mrs lapham write book larning declared scalded pigs cilla anxious learn teach isannah johnny read leaned book shaped words sat table
decided lay open criticism morning couldn help jumped dusty furnace explain master badly dove spoon tried sound humble soon behaving perfectly naturally standing lapham notebook hand reading exactly spoons ordered lapham fine craftsman weakness wrote ordered listened carefully patron ordered sauceboat fine month promised weighed supposed splayed feet gadroon edge asked mrs lapham told johnny hand write exactly order cheeky fourteen boy standing telling master supposed johnny started lapham decided coal house order charcoal things lapham thought late basketfuls charcoal half scattered floor boys fault johnny valuable carry charcoal started yell dusty thought arranging dirty stuff master craftsman wasn going buy charcoal basket going willows say milton save say twopence basket began figure
thought lavinia lyte gorging death pleased fine foods started gastric juices stomach hour ago breakfast supper night salt alewife mug milk noontime craved food mere coarse bread cheese ale apples large part diet rare interesting things smelled cooking rich houses taverns tasted tormented hunger going tavern kitchen smelled bunch grapes maid basting roast beef spicy pudding bubbling hearth king coffee house suckling pig crisp brown fairly bursting drooled pig walked smelled chocolate coffee tasted stopped kitchen afric queen saw feel swallowed small live kitten enjoy pangs pocket hancock silver minute assuage kitten cromwell head union street mind dine afric queen seen maids roasting innumerable small squabs stuffed fragrant dressing wrapped bacon seen pastries apple mince pumpkin plum tarts coming brick oven crust inch thick short flaky looked scorched tissue paper kitten contentedly stomach took seat humbly kitchen grooms fed betters ate dining rooms re going saucer milk today
sure felt isannah young say felt heart broken started walk tired think late september night begun reached town gates neck semi darkness running mud flats road connected boston mainland gallows mrs lapham promised end turned lonely place gallows graves suicides frightened wandered salt marshes foot common circling beacon hill sat orchard lyte hancock houses stood side side saw glitter candles mansions guests coming going heard music spinet isannah words rang ears struggled hard cry wished walked sparsely settled west boston pesthouse lantern light digging hurried grave left west boston skirting dirty mill cove north boston hull street heard staves town watch feet watchmen clumping cobbles law apprentice allowed late slipped hill graveyard hide clock warm fair night called watch warm fair hardship spend night moon stars lay dead worthies boston slate stones stood shoulder shoulder highest land boston beacon hill
standing beacon hill removed burly wharves shops markets town johnny hesitated poor apprentice lost raise gleaming brass knocker paneled front door silver buttons bold fellow heartened knocker fell instantly maid bidding enter curtsying asking jonathan lyte tremain front hall large rose flight stairs taking rising taking space needed walls portraits merchant lyte handsome healthy youth lavinia painted london regal child young woman blackened things hundred dried blood ran red living johnny veins left drawing room tinkle spinet low voices laughter laughing maid announcing wished called merely johnny tremain ah ha ha merchant lyte fetch jenny family party want se eh johnny impression dozens wax candles lighting dove colored lavender yellow room reflected mirrors silver gleaming floors mahogany dozen gathered end room johnny stood moment anxious wrong conscious shoes proud resemble black buckled pumps gentlemen lyte rising approaching yes sir lavinia cousin talbot aunt looks aunt horrifyingly ugly cross woman gold headed canes vowed whiskers toothless gums looked bad expected
ago grandfathers grandmothers today boys girls small babies born pa ma mary laura baby carrie left house big woods wisconsin drove left lonely empty clearing big trees saw house going indian country pa big woods laura heard ringing thud ax pa ax echo shot gun path house road laura mary stopped playing stared surprise wagon slowly creaking road wild animals stay country pa stay liked country wild animals lived afraid liked fawns mothers looking shadowy woods fat lazy bears eating berries wild berry patches winter evenings talked ma western country west land level trees grass grew thick high wild animals wandered fed pasture stretched farther settlers indians lived winter pa ma seeing don object decided west offer place sell re likely give start country
pet patty began trot briskly glad laura held tight wagon bow stood jolting wagon pa shoulder waves green grass trees trees seen taller bushes whoa pa suddenly muttered road divided tell traveled faint wheel tracks grass west sloped downward south soon vanished tall blowing grass downhill guess pa decided creek bottoms ford turned pet patty south road gently curving land trees nearer taller laura gasped clutched wagon bow pet patty noses blowing grass land looked edge land tops trees road turned cliff top sharply downward pa put brakes pet patty braced backward sat wagon wheels slid onward lowering wagon farther steep slope ground jagged cliffs bare red earth rose sides wagon grass waved tops grew seamed straight sides hot heat laura face wind blowing overhead blow deep crack ground stillness strange empty
pa camp usual unhitched unharnessed pet patty put picket lines picket lines ropes fastened iron pegs driven ground pegs called picket pins horses picket lines eat grass ropes let reach pet patty put thing lie roll rolled till feeling harness backs pet patty rolling pa pulled grass large round space ground dead grass roots green grass pa chance setting prairie fire fire started dry grass sweep country bare black pa safe side saves trouble end space clear grass pa laid handful dry grass center creek bottoms brought armful twigs dead wood laid small twigs larger twigs wood handful dry grass lighted grass fire crackled merrily inside ring bare ground couldn pa brought water creek mary laura helped ma supper ma measured coffee beans coffee mill mary ground laura filled coffee pot water pa brought ma set pot coals set iron bake oven coals heated mixed cornmeal salt water patted cakes greased bake oven pork rind laid cornmeal cakes put iron cover
walls pa saying ma morning move floor fixings build stable fast pet patty inside walls night hear wolves howling direction close gun worry ma yes jack feel easier mind girls solid walls suppose haven seen indians ma asked don pa replied carelessly seen camping places bluffs re hunting trip guess ma called girls sun laura mary scrambled bed clothes eat breakfasts quickly ma putting rabbit stew tin plates re moving house today chips ate quickly hurried carry chips house ran fast gathering skirts full chips dumping pile fire chips ground inside house ma began sweep willow bough broom ma limped sprained ankle beginning soon swept earthen floor mary laura began help carry things house pa top walls stretching canvas wagon top skeleton roof saplings canvas billowed wind pa beard blew wildly hair stood head trying pull held canvas fought
pa edwards built stable pet patty put roof working late ma supper waiting stable door moonlight pa drove stout posts ground side doorway put pet patty inside stable laid small split logs door space posts held solid wall pa let wolves howl sleep tonight morning lifted split logs posts laura amazed pet stood wobbly colt laura ran gentle pet laid ears snapped teeth laura laura pa sharply pet pet won hurt colt pet answered soft whinny let pa stroke colt let laura mary peeked cracks stable wall pet rolled whites eyes showed teeth seen colt ears pa mule laura looked jack rabbit named colt bunny pet picket line bunny frisking wondering big laura watch baby carrie carefully pa bunny pet squealed rage dashed bite girl early sunday afternoon pa rode patty prairie plenty meat house gun rode tall grass rim creek bluffs
laura felt soft warmth face opened eyes morning sunshine mary talking ma camp fire laura ran outdoors bare inside nightgown wolves seen tracks thick house stable pa whistling creek road put gun pegs led pet patty creek drink usual wolf tracks knew herd deer mustangs shied wolves tracks pricked ears nervously pet colt close side willingly pa knew fear breakfast ready pa creek sat fire ate fried mush prairie chicken hash pa door wanted quilt wolves nails waiting till trip independence need nails build house door breakfast hitched pet patty taking ax timber door laura helped wash dishes beds mary minded baby laura helped pa door mary watched laura handed tools saw sawed logs length door sawed shorter lengths cross pieces ax split logs slabs smoothed nicely laid slabs ground shorter slabs auger bored holes cross pieces slabs hole drove wooden peg fitted tightly
jo wake gray dawn christmas morning stockings hung fireplace moment felt disappointed ago sock fell crammed goodies remembered pillow drew crimson covered book knew beautiful story lived jo felt true guide book pilgrim going journey woke meg merry christmas bade pillow green covered book appeared picture inside words written mother present precious eyes presently beth amy woke rummage find books dove covered blue sat looking talking east grew rosy coming spite small vanities margaret sweet pious nature unconsciously influenced sisters especially jo loved tenderly obeyed advice gently girls meg seriously looking tumbled head nightcapped room mother wants read love books begin faithful father war trouble unsettled neglected things book table read morning soon wake help opened book began read jo put arm leaning cheek cheek read quiet expression seldom seen restless face
jo jo cried meg foot garret stairs answered husky voice running meg found sister eating apples crying heir radclyffe wrapped comforter sofa sunny window jo favorite refuge loved retire half dozen russets nice book enjoy quiet society pet rat lived didn mind particle meg appeared scrabble whisked hole jo shook tears cheeks waited hear news fun regular note invitation mrs gardiner tomorrow night cried meg waving precious paper proceeding read girlish delight mrs gardiner happy miss march miss josephine dance eve marmee willing wear asking wear poplins haven answered jo mouth full silk sighed meg mother says eighteen everlasting wait sure pops look silk nice forgot burn tear mine burn shows badly sit sight front ribbon hair marmee lend pearl pin slippers lovely gloves nice
going jo asked meg snowy afternoon sister tramping hall rubber boots sack hood broom hand shovel going exercise answered jo mischievous twinkle eyes think walks morning cold dull advise stay warm dry fire meg shiver advice pussycat don doze fire adventures going find meg toast feet read ivanhoe jo began dig paths energy snow light broom soon swept path round garden beth walk sun invalid dolls needed air garden separated marches house laurence stood suburb city countrylike groves lawns large gardens quiet streets low hedge parted estates side brown house looking bare shabby robbed vines summer covered walls flowers surrounded side stately stone mansion plainly betokening sort comfort luxury big coach house grounds conservatory glimpses lovely things caught rich curtains lonely lifeless sort house children frolicked lawn motherly face smiled windows gentleman grandson jo lively fancy fine house kind enchanted palace full splendors delights enjoyed
spring set amusements fashion lengthening days gave afternoons play sorts garden put order sister quarter plot liked hannah say gardings belonged ef em chiny girls tastes differed characters meg roses heliotrope myrtle orange tree jo bed alike seasons trying experiments plantation sunflowers seeds cheerful aspiring plant feed aunt top family chicks beth oldfashioned fragrant flowers garden sweet peas mignonette larkspur pinks pansies southernwood chickweed bird catnip pussies amy bower small earwiggy pretty look honeysuckles morning glories hanging colored horns bells graceful wreaths tall white lilies delicate ferns brilliant picturesque plants consent blossom gardening walks rows river flower hunts employed fine days rainy house diversions original secret societies fashion thought proper girls admired dickens called pickwick club interruptions met saturday evening big garret occasion ceremonies follows chairs arranged row table lamp white badges big colors weekly newspaper called pickwick portfolio contributed jo reveled pens ink editor
beth postmistress home attend regularly dearly liked daily task unlocking door distributing mail july hands full house leaving letters parcels penny post posy mother laurie forgets putting fresh nosegay vase stood marmee corner supplied affectionate boy miss meg march letter glove continued beth delivering articles sister sat mother stitching wristbands left pair meg looking gray cotton glove didn drop garden sure didn office hate odd gloves mind found letter translation german song wanted think brooke laurie writing mrs march glanced meg looking pretty gingham morning gown curls blowing forehead womanly sat sewing worktable full tidy white rolls unconscious thought mother mind sewed sung fingers flew thoughts busied girlish fancies innocent fresh pansies belt mrs march smiled satisfied letters doctor jo book funny hat covered post office stuck beth laughing study jo sat writing sly fellow laurie wished bigger hats fashion burn face mind fashion wear big hat comfortable try wear fun show don care fashion hanging antique broad brim bust plato jo read letters
jo busy garret october days began grow chilly afternoons short hours sun lay warmly high window showing jo seated sofa writing busily papers spread trunk scrabble pet rat promenaded beams overhead accompanied oldest son fine young fellow evidently proud whiskers absorbed jo scribbled till page filled signed flourish threw pen exclaiming won suit wait till lying sofa read manuscript carefully making dashes putting exclamation points looked ballons tied smart red ribbon sat minute looking sober wistful expression plainly showed earnest jo desk tin kitchen hung wall papers books safely shut scrabble likewise literary turn fond making circulating library books left eating leaves tin receptacle jo produced manuscript putting pocket crept quietly downstairs leaving friends nibble pens taste ink put hat jacket noiselessly going entry window roof low porch swung grassy bank took roundabout road composed hailed passing omnibus rolled town looking merry mysterious
silent custom hung round cove cliffs brass telescope evening sat corner parlour fire drank rum water strong speak spoken look sudden fierce blow nose fog horn house soon learned let stroll ask seafaring road thought want company kind ask question began desirous avoid seaman put admiral benbow making coast road bristol look curtained door entered parlour sure silent mouse present secret matter sharer alarms promised silver fourpenny month weather eye open seafaring leg let moment appeared month applied wage blow nose stare week sure think bring fourpenny piece repeat orders look seafaring leg personage haunted dreams need scarcely tell
occurred mysterious events rid captain affairs bitter cold winter hard frosts heavy gales plain poor father likely spring sank daily mother inn hands busy paying regard unpleasant guest january morning early pinching frosty morning cove grey hoar frost ripple lapping softly stones sun low touching hilltops shining seaward captain risen earlier usual set beach cutlass swinging broad skirts blue coat brass telescope arm hat tilted head remember breath hanging smoke wake strode sound heard turned big rock loud snort indignation mind running dr livesey mother stairs father laying breakfast table captain return parlour door opened stepped set eyes pale tallowy creature wanting fingers left hand wore cutlass look fighter eye open seafaring leg remember puzzled sailorly smack sea asked service rum going room fetch sat table motioned draw
noon stopped captain door cooling drinks medicines lying left higher weak excited jim re worth month silver fourpenny mate pretty low deserted jim bring noggin rum won matey doctor began broke cursing doctor feeble voice heartily doctors swabs doctor seafaring places hot pitch mates dropping round yellow jack blessed land heaving sea earthquakes doctor lands lived rum tell meat drink wife rum poor hulk lee shore blood jim doctor swab ran curses look jim fingers fidges continued pleading tone em haven drop blessed doctor fool tell don drain rum jim horrors seen em seen flint corner plain print seen horrors lived rough raise cain doctor hisself glass wouldn hurt give golden guinea noggin jim
breakfasting squire gave note addressed john silver sign spyglass told easily find place line docks keeping bright look tavern large brass telescope sign set overjoyed opportunity ships seamen picked crowd carts bales dock busiest found tavern question bright place entertainment sign newly painted windows neat red curtains floor cleanly sanded street side open door large low room pretty clear spite clouds tobacco smoke customers seafaring talked loudly hung door afraid enter waiting side room glance sure john left leg cut close hip left shoulder carried crutch managed wonderful dexterity hopping bird tall strong face big ham plain pale intelligent smiling cheerful spirits whistling moved tables merry word slap shoulder favoured guests tell truth mention john squire trelawney letter fear mind prove sailor watched benbow
hispaniola lay figureheads round sterns ships cables grated underneath keel swung alongside met saluted stepped aboard mate arrow brown sailor earrings ears squint squire thick friendly soon observed things trelawney captain sharp looking angry board soon tell cabin sailor captain smollet sir axing speak captain orders show squire captain close messenger entered shut door captain smollet say hope shipshape seaworthy sir captain speak plain believe risk offence don cruise don don officer short sweet sir don ship inquired squire angry speak sir seen tried captain clever craft say possibly sir employer says squire dr livesey cut stay bit stay bit questions produce ill feeling captain bound say require explanation words don say cruise
silver flint cap quartermaster timber leg broadside lost leg pew lost deadlights master surgeon ampytated college latin bucket hanged dog sun dried rest corso castle roberts comed changing names ships royal fortune ship christened let stay says cassandra brought safe home malabar england took viceroy indies walrus flint ship seen muck red blood fit sink gold ah cried voice youngest hand board evidently full admiration flower flock flint davis accounts silver sailed england flint story account manner speaking laid hundred safe england thousand flint bad mast safe bank earning saving lay england dunno flint em aboard glad duff begging em pew lost sight thought shame spends twelve hundred pound lord parliament dead hatches shiver timbers starving begged stole cut throats starved powers
dark stormy night attic bedroom margaret murry wrapped patchwork quilt sat foot bed watched trees tossing frenzied lashing wind trees clouds scudded frantically sky moments moon ripped creating wraith shadows raced ground house shook wrapped quilt meg shook wasn afraid weather weather thought weather top top top meg murry wrong school school wrong dropped lowest section grade morning teachers crossly meg don understand child parents brilliant supposed poor student don manage stay lunch rough housed try feel girls scornfully meg grammar school kids act baby home school walking road arms full books boys somethng dumb baby brother thrown books side road tackled ounce strength arrived home blouse torn big bruise eye sandy dennys ten twin brothers home school hour earlier disgusted let fighting told delinquent thought grimly saying mother
mrs murry gently touched meg bruised cheek meg looked mother half loving admiration half sullen resentment advantage mother scientist beauty mrs murry flaming red hair creamy skin violet eyes dark lashes spectacular comparison meg outrageous plainness meg hair passable wore tidily braids high school cut mother struggled putting side curly straight looked plainer don meaning moderation darling mrs murry asked happy medium wonder learn nasty bruise henderson boy gave shortly bed mother called complain badly hurt told older twenty pounds heavier thought complaining think fault suppose depends look meg matter happens think fault sorry tried fight awful week full bad feeling mrs murry stroked meg shaggy head hate oddball meg hard sandy dennys don re re able pretend try pretend help re straightforward able pretend mrs murry
mrs murry feet mrs whatsit liniment put dignity mrs whatsit supine think sprained oil cloves mixed garlic took large bite sandwich charles don lying re carrying things tried feet sprained dignity mrs whatsit scrambled righted chair sat floor booted foot stuck front took bite moved agility woman meg reasonably sure woman woman mrs whatsit mouth full ordered mrs murry pull calmly woman boots ordinary mrs murry pulled boot relinquished foot foot covered blue gray argyle sock mrs whatsit sat wriggling toes contentedly finishing sandwich scrambling feet ah took boots shook sink stomach full warm inside home don think stay till morning mrs murry asked thank dearie waste sitting frivoling wild night travel wild nights glory mrs whatsit caught draft blown course till socks dry wet socks don bother didn water squishing boots
meg pleased surprised twins excited calvin supper knew athletic record impressed calvin ate bowls stew saucers jello dozen cookies charles wallace insisted calvin bed read twins finished homework allowed watch half hour tv meg helped mother dishes sat table struggled homework concentrate mother upset asked suddenly mrs murry looked copy english scientific magazine leafing moment speak yes mrs murry paused held hands looked strong beautiful touched fingers hand broad gold band finger left hand young woman finally realize difficult children conceive love father miss dreadfully think father think don explanation think things explanation yes believe think human limitations re able understand explanations meg don understand mean explanation exist understand things meg charles wallace understands rest yes suppose meg sure
look dope calvin shook gently want things straight sort sort fact fiction father physicist fact yes yes ph times yes works institute higher learning princeton correct yes government didn yes meg maybe mother knows don call classified top secret mean don idea meg shook head idea mexico florida cape canaveral going traveling lot house yes live summer don father lots letters mother father wrote think mother writes night post mistress makes kind crack letters suppose think pursuing calvin bitterly understand plain ordinary love happened happened meg trouble father letters stopped coming haven heard meg voice heavy misery silence fell tangible dark tree shadows fell laps rest heavily possessed measurable weight
trees lashed violent frenzy meg screamed clutched calvin mrs authoritative voice called qquiett chilldd shadow fall moon moon simply extinguished abruptly completely candle light darkness complete suddenly wind sound meg felt calvin torn reached fingers touched screamed charles help help word flung throat choked completely lost protection calvin hand charles save turn fragment nothingness light sound feeling body tried move panic move light sound vanished corporeal meg simply felt limbs legs arms tingling faintly asleep blinked eyes rapidly simple darkness absence light darkness tangible quality moved felt darkness bark shins things exists lost horrifying void silence silence deaf person feel vibrations feel suddenly aware heart beating rapidly cage ribs stopped start tingling arms legs grew stronger suddenly felt movement
wang san head village san li wan listened young attention earnest young young ignorance pitied pitiable evidence ignorant ignorant heard peking knows listen reply wang san restrained standing village threshing floor surrounded silent neighbors felt irrepressible determination rising inside breast recklessness amounted desperation listen talk fine chairman mao wicked american imperialists seen chairman mao seen american rice knew yes knew rice garnering special seed planting narrow seed beds rich earth transplanting watery fields reaping harvest tell rice raised voice comrade li young stopped talking look voice wang san pushed crowd country folk wish say comrade li asked wang san stood legs arms folded breast blue cotton jacket trousers clean patched places suit blue cotton expected nowadays suit patch
approximately thirty ago tolkien wrote book called hobbit attracted readers suddenly demand libraries bookstores book book reach popularity originally written young readers book caught interest high school college students suppose college students enjoy story dwarfs elves goblins hobbits readers consider book science turn escape reading convinced deep meaning explain older brother sister learned give oral written book reports lesson help present reports interestingly book enjoyed want share read hobbit interested think read pages notice approaches able tell writers emphasize characters relate incidents summarize plot close critical commentary book report short length depends purpose reviewer retell story explains kind book reviewing mentions plot main character closes reaction book read comments hobbit words short paragraph sufficient give reviewer opinion details considered reports wish follow comparisons books enjoyed
alphabet word describes order speech sounds language arranged easily remembered comes alpha beta letters greek alphabet order letters differs languages look table alphabets dictionary letters shifted strange reasons letter british call zed sixth greek order letters romans adopted greek alphabet foolishly thought found couldn roman alphabet pretty set romans picked place put end took order letters romans tags study aphabets quick interested story human race development speech sounds touches phase egyptians alphabet sorts fifty centuries ago learn trust words letters felt today pictures meaning clear word sef picture sun word meant yesterday picture child sef meant baby phoenicians rid nonsense businessmen vessels plied seas needed language lists bills records result alphabet pictures served purposes trade shorthand
andrew jackson president brawling hot tempered backwoodsman worse gloom despair hung city washington arrival drew power telling country going dogs believed happened happened history nation president coming backwoods west mountains presidents massachusetts virginia gentlemen culture refinement common rabble elected education rough common soldier national disgrace outgoing president john quincy adams intend witness jackson inauguration wait receive white house february andrew jackson arrived looked worst fears going realized gang seen washington eastern city backwoodsmen pioneers immigrants country soldiers politicians mob office seekers trampled lawn capitol trying stepped portico stood tall dignified light white hair read speech promised solemn words oath preserve protect defend constitution united states rode horseback pennsylvania avenue white house crowd swarmed gates pushed steps doors tramping carpets muddy boots
marilyn waited flagpole agreed couldn imagine betty urged early meeting school tone betty voice phone marilyn tell friend tears wrong betty cheerful presumably untroubled problems anyway helpful certainly nice switch marilyn thought helping dishes early movie doubt grades science math passing betty help read teacher understand assignment betty school explains steps simply marilyn thoughts interrupted saw betty running corner glad gasped needed friend mother supposed call early finish math homework morning overslept night welcoming party neighbor returned late betty caught breath continued turn late paper reed warning yesterday remember assignment easy paper called ask paper bell rings return plenty ask favor hate ask let answers marilyn expected
dead languages list spoken places india ireland words mother night similar scholars found words similar finally worked longer writing existence languages knew started deduce suppose comparable deduction simpler show scholars seen dogs chihuahua st bernard breeds cockers bulldogs poodles dachshunds dogs white black brown red sorts combinations colors short coated coated curly haired straight haired weigh pound hundred pounds ears short pointed floppy ways things common easily domesticated sharp teeth keen hearing smell animals characteristics dogs dogs belonging family matter look descend wolf scientists studied bones teeth dogs bones teeth similar dissimilar bones teeth animals look dogs traits common thousands scientists able prove skeletons domesticated dogs found skeletons early
moon airless waterless dark regions imagined moon fanciful figures full moon telescope april highlights plains dark areas flat surface gentle slopes ups downs vast lava flows early scientists looked moon telescope thought dark areas seas oceans latin word sea mare dry regions known mare serenetatis quiet sea sea serenity mare nubium sea clouds thousands small round hollows surrounded raised rims range size foot thousand feet circular hollows small examples astronomers call craters mare find larger craters ten twenty miles larger flat maria plural mare craters large small packed closely overlap newer crater ruined circular wall older crater newer crater show rim larger craters hundred miles diameter craters hollows course raised rims larger craters jagged mountain peaks rising heights miles surface studies shown shoveled raised rim crater fill hollow crater planet earth find kinds craters
town arcangel soul heart soul bull ring heart marketplace small towns andalusia bordered sides olive groves side guadalquivir river olive groves belong count de la casa river belongs professional fishermen arcangel boys fish river catch provide town fish happens market block plaza noisier usual bargaining laughter echo narrow streets bouncing house house epidemic sounds spreading stalls balconies traveling upwards blue sky earth andalusia arcangel lies part live form part merge share poverty joys struggles luck arcangel takes rhythm seed harvest fields stretch olive groves cultivated generations andalusians plowed sowed harvested vegetables wheat grow meagerly ground tired bearing end fields mile town arcangel hills refuse stones spring earth occasionally sturdy tree hardy bush grow hot sun sun hot scorches scorches earth months september
south france river dordogne flows bay biscay banks vineyards almond trees slopes covered fruit trees ground truffles hills north rough winds nearness sea assures sufficient rain cloudless days countryside river called dordogne brilliant light makes distinctly visible makes inhabitants bright merry remote valley countryside strange houses found cling steep walls valley overhanging rock forms walls houses roofs human nests cling halfway steep walls rock hide age entrances human beings lived caves thousands ago part europe lay buried ice dwelling caves ice age searched remains hundred archeologists digging carefully uncovered layer layer entrances caves penetrated thirty feet brought light weapons implements flint bones animals found harpoons flint scrapers bone points bones bones deer roe wild boar mammoths panthers woolly rhinoceroses bears bison objects point fact ice age hunters objects found museums finest collections dordogne region castle peculiar houses mentioned perched high rocky wall
housewife york learned cook trial error cook carrots tried cooking boiling water open pot minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes minutes found carrots underdone cooked minutes tender cooked minutes wrote kitchen notebook result direct observation cooking carrots minutes later family moved country lived mountain altitude feet home began trouble cooking carrots cooked minutes turned underdone trial error discovered cook carrots minutes puzzled change son explained cooking depends hot water cook hotter water faster cooks things carrots cooked boiling water open pot temperature water boiling point water boiling point water places boiling point water depends atmospheric pressure atmospheric pressure depends altitude york sea level atmospheric pressure pounds square inch water boils temperature fahrenheit altitude feet atmospheric pressure pounds square inch low pressure water boils lower temperature
system worked outer mongolia addressed general assembly stood front delegates mongolian words microphone hall visitors earphones audience understood mongolian listen speaker directly earphones interpreter sat front microphone soundproof booth read russian translation mongolian speech audience understood russian put earphones turn switch seat switch tuned russian interpreter audience understand mongolian russian interpreters sat separate soundproof booths listening earphones russian words fast words spoken interpreters translated languages english spanish chinese french delegates visitors assembly hall decided languages wanted hear turned switches proper places tuned words translation fast mongolian spoke marvelous interpreters help exchange ideas apparatus complicated expensive meeting halls hundred interpreters trained simultaneous translation interpreting international gatherings fashioned speaker give speech spanish interpreter repeats french translates english takes meetings drag
whales washed sandspit bones ornaments ribs half buried sand making fence dug carried headland curved scooped holes set earth stood taller put ribs edges touching standing curved outward impossible climb wove strands bull kelp shrinks dries pulls tight seal sinew bind ribs stronger kelp wild animals soon gnawed fence building longer rock end fence part side place dug hole fence wide deep crawl bottom sides lined stones covered hole mat woven brush shed rain inside flat rock strong move able steps sides fence gave room need store things gathered wished protect built fence cold sleep rock sleep shelter safe wild dogs
scientists searching ways determine age earth trying find answers questions scientists suggestions earth formed suggestions called hypotheses studying question problem person hypothesis person puts facts knows idea makes statement explain facts hypothesis scientist tries test hypothesis true carry experiments observations find statement true true scientist find hypothesis explain facts revise hypothesis include facts begin stating hypothesis scientist concerned proving disproving hypotheses interested learning earth formed scientists tried find explanations based facts knew true hypotheses statements explanations hypothesis excellent stated explained facts known later facts discovered facts explained hypothesis facts proof hypothesis correct study science need remember discoveries continually discoveries change ideas thought true
history earth periods areas surface rising sinking periods land connection continents asia north america evidence north america covered water regions sea dry land areas today dry land water north america covered shallow inland seas periods areas covered water bits material fell bottoms shallow seas layers tiny particles built slowly layers hardened layers rocks tens millions areas dry land wind running water uncovered rocks known deep layers rock formed manner look surface earth true picture shape earth look ocean large field flat earth look hills valleys rough uneven earth views earth give information features earth tell earth earth flat places uneven places earth shaped round ball shape called sphere earth place space earth shown picture
person thought divisions divisions terms infant child teen adult terms help part person earth scientists divided history earth separate divisions called eras divisions according events characteristics times eras divided periods shorter times earliest era history earth precambrian era era began beginning earth lasted billion ended million ago paleozoic era division history earth era precambrian era lasted million mesozoic era paleozoic era length era million recent era cenozoic era began million ago ended living cenozoic era order arrange information sort organization scientists devised charts chart show recent happenings top happenings longer ago bottom wish chart find order events took place start bottom read chart pages shows eras era took place estimated number era extended earth times listed
scientists agreed precambrian era began think began billion ago estimates oldest era began ago billion reason scientists agree beginning precambrian era information age earth living things simple celled plants animals hard parts soft bodies decayed death lost rarely soft part clung rock formed fossil fossils scientists unable learn earliest plants animals scientists believe earliest forms appeared water living things land forms oceans simple celled living things living things tiny left poor incomplete fossil record fossils early plant found layers rock formed earth young rocks grand canyon fossils simple plant scientists believe rocks formed billion ago water covered part earth small bits information later forms living things scientists able figure earlier precambrian early forms tiny plants resembled plants known today algae algae today small seen magnifying glass microscope
millions millions passed land covered plants places land low swampy thick growths giant ferns soft weak trees plants horsetails grew tall plants grow today forest ground inches high ago feet height land plants grew close sunlight break growth shine ground large plants strong trees today giant ferns mosses order coal formed plants fall water die coal found area area covered swamps ferns plants grew coal found areas earth scientists believe plant lived regions earth discoveries scientists conditions places conditions today plants died fell swamps covered land fallen trees ferns covered water mud dirt plants giant land plants pressed weight plants mud buried deeper deeper weight soil rocks pressure weight forced gases water plants remained chemical carbon basis coal took place remains plants
known mesozoic era earlier eras fossilized remains scientists pictures think plants animals era think prehistoric times millions mosses ferns flourished giant tree fan shaped leaves appeared plant seeds seeds scattered plants grow grown seeds carried directions downhill gravity carried rivers streams flowed seeds finally rest faraway riverbank wind helped carry seeds land carriers seeds animals trees appeared grew moist ground tree called cycad cycads grew today seldom seen greenhouses cycads look palm trees unlike palms cycads bear flowers nuts cycads bear seeds cones seeds earth cones cycads cycads ancestors conifers plants bearing cones seeds located pines fir spruce conifers conifers pine leaves resemble needles early conifers needles leaves looked soft knife blades early trees junipers cedars spruces cypresses found places earth evergreens today reptiles looked amphibians kinds developed reptiles main form earth
ice water substance formed molecule water atoms hydrogen atom oxygen molecule ice atoms hydrogen atom oxygen molecule water changed water freezes ice ice water substance ice solid liquid water watch ice melt physical change taking place brings physical change ice cube refrigerator warmer temperature surfaces begins rise ice reaches temperature melts water temperature solid liquid called melting point melting point ice degrees fahrenheit temperature scale point stated picture thermometers degrees celsius temperature scale solids definite melting points melting points solids ice melts melting point butter wax candles melts solids melting points suppose put water pan cover bottom pan expect happen water pan days say water dried mean water pan remember molecules substances moving directions
physical substances formed molecules substances remain combination atoms molecules physical change physical change matter physical result formation substances called chemical chemical change composition molecules substance altered molecules broken molecules formed combination atoms molecules changed substance formed substance substances piece paper burned pile ashes remains changed paper substance completely changed cake flour sugar eggs milk substances mixed baked finished cake substance cake baked flour sugar eggs milk materials atoms recombined form substances change chemical change important occurring today chemical study find happens occur known chemical change seen occurs candle lighted watch burning candle suppose put jar upside burning candle flame smaller finally uncovered candle burn steadily end
actually carbon candle changed colorless gas called carbon dioxide gas atoms carbon oxygen word dioxide means oxygens words molecule carbon dioxide atom carbon atoms oxygen chemical change involving oxygen called oxidation burning kind oxidation fire burns fuel oxygen rapidly produce light heat fuel oxygen unite rapidly burning called fast oxidation rapid oxidation rapid oxidation atoms fuel join oxygen atoms form substances carbon dioxide substance formed fast oxidation chemical change occurring oxidation involves unjoining rejoining atoms molecules recombining atoms results substance formed oxidation rapid produces light heat burning kinds oxidation occur slowly slow oxidation formation rust iron seen fences chairs tools rusty period iron wet rust cans nails iron objects left rain rusting occurs iron combines oxygen air joining iron oxygen atoms forms substance known iron oxide rust common iron oxide formed iron objects protected air water chemical occur body form slow oxidation
energy exactly kind energy kind energy form energy form job rock edge cliff potential energy soon rock begins fall potential energy kinetic energy kinetic energy changed potential energy kind change takes place pile driver pile large stake post part foundation building bridge pile driver pound piles ground pile driver consists high framework heavy weight weight raised top framework weight allowed fall strike top pile weight falls pile pushed short distance ground pile driver energy raising weight changed potential energy higher weight raised stored energy weight reaches top framework energy potential weight falls potential energy kinetic energy weight raised kinetic energy motion changed potential energy position weight falls potential energy position changed kinetic energy motion baseball player hits high fly ball kinetic energy swinging bat sends ball high air higher ball rises potential energy ball reaches top flight energy potential
explorers sky danish scientist named tycho brahe ago brahe built observatory island coast denmark observatory constructed instruments helped find exact positions stars able observe movements planets closely brahe instruments accurate instrument quadrant locate positions stars planets large globe brahe designed accurate clocks observation brahe observed marked positions stars planets modern picture solar system developed observations brahe explored solar system instruments famous scientist johannes kepler brahe observations explain motions earth planets sun laws motion kepler discovered solar system sun objects move sun planets largest bodies revolve sun earth known planets planets revolve sun direction path planet takes revolution called orbit takes earth revolve sun mercury planet nearest sun moves completely sun days closer sun planets travel miles complete orbit need complete revolution pluto planet farthest sun takes complete orbit
planets stars light star twinkle flicker light planet appears steady stars large earth tiny points seen earth points light passed atmosphere earth starlight twinkle place atmosphere look star platform space twinkle light reflected planet twinkle planet closer earth light reach earth tiny point seen telescope star appears point planet looks round flat moon stars sky planets seen path sun sky bright object steady light path planet orbits planets level draw line connect orbits line nearly straight orbits actually tilted slightly makes difference planets seen earth exception pluto planet farthest sun pluto revolves sun sharp angle orbits angle pluto path sun look part sky find pluto
moon supports atmosphere moon moon explorer air returns earth food water moon differences temperature moon sunlit side temperature high celsius water boils surface earth astronaut prepared high temperatures dark side moon temperature drop lower freezing point water astronaut prepared low temperatures high temperatures moon moon high mountains steep cliffs moon covered layer dust astronaut landing moon pick landing place care landed edge steep cliff sank deep dust living things earth live venus venus closer sun earth venus receives energy sun temperatures venus greater water boils temperatures venus higher temperature boiling water venus atmosphere oxygen atmosphere difficult live venus mars farther sun earth receives energy sun
adapted live environment land surface earth goes water earth careful supply air body adjusted underwater comes surface fast badly hurt goes thousand feet atmosphere supply air goes higher surround body air land surface earth home leaves parts environment spacecraft oxygen food water needs live spacecraft temperatures airplanes fly high atmosphere pressurized cabins air pressure airplane low impossible live air pressure inside cabin keeps passenger safe comfortable air pressure provided spacecraft small hole wall spacecraft danger air pressure inside spacecraft greater astronaut pushed spacecraft break wall dive airplane lower altitude pressure greater course spacecraft spacecraft built chances breaks leaks small leak develop fix quickly
remember weightless feeling jumped swimming pool pile hay feel falling feel comfortable feel satellite orbit earth produce effect gravity seen whirl pail water head water fall pail upside head water held pail centrifugal effect centrifugal effect tendency objects moving circular path move water pail tends move press bottom pail effect seen swing ball attached rubber band holding end rubber band ball swing head faster swing wider circle head ball tends move space station spin tend move astronauts tend move space centrifugal effect effect gravity astronauts leave spacecraft repair damage spacecraft join spacecraft form space station spacecraft astronauts wear space suits provide pressure bodies
suppose book wonder read decide worth title tells lot book thing check information author examine illustrations clues type book skim pages determine book written interesting book fiction collection stories want skim read ending give plot poetry read verses decide poet writing previewing skills selections book remember focus eyes mind re reading reading stories novels don concentrate unfamiliar words concepts reading science mathematics soon idea story relax lookout unfamiliar words note context clues help understand need look words dictionary glossary reading poem slow reading pace sure fully appreciate understand poet words reading factual material want read slowly order note information presented reading literature remember importance main ideas author poet saying reading story note setting relationships characters
days king uther pendragon ruled england baby born queen king fell ill merlin mighty magician knew soon die powerful nobles kill prince kingdom merlin baby care sir ector faithful subject child care sir ector told boy royal birth child named arthur merlin thought arthur archbishop canterbury counseled call lords london christmas god show miracle king believed king divinely chosen huge marble stone appeared churchyard midst thereof anvil steel foot high beautiful sword sword written whoso pulleth sword stone anvil rightful king england saw words tried move sword archbishop win sword soon god known counsel ten knights fame left guard sword barons held tournament brought try remove sword happened arthur sir ector sir kay son rode jousts sir kay getting ready saw forgotten sword asked arthur ride
story knights knighthood age chivalry curious blend fact fiction existed england france nearly thousand ago handed creative imaginations poets storytellers story knights lived fought died beginning age chivalry organized governments nobles overlords tiny kingdoms centered huge stone castle knights select group fighting comparable officers modern army foot soldiers archers privates noble serfs peasants tilled lands herds return nobles knights protected knighthood legends grew duty knights protect weak poor nobles constantly war attacking castles rivals rob loot defend properties reason knights trained primarily fighting ready protect property lords frequent raids neighboring lords wandering bands groups neighboring nobles banded mutual protection richest strongest knights largest army foot soldiers king nobles pledged loyalty fighting continued kingdoms war natural course events kings banded conquered rivals country king
leave knights prisoners return sir lancelot sleeping apple tree princesses passing tree happened hear lancelot horse neigh seeing sleeping knight recognized famous sir lancelot debated princesses morgan le fay suggested put spell castle prisoner hours later lancelot awoke cold room strange castle standing young girl supper cheer asked say fair damsel lancelot place spell sir say ye lancelot lake flower knights hold ye prisoner ye promise help father bagdemagus tuesday tournament king wales help ye escape thy father fair maiden noble knight gladly help maiden bade ready daybreak deliver armor horse ride abbey ten miles father meet returned daybreak found ready took twelve locked doors armor horse lancelot prepared fail ye fair damsel whispered lancelot reached abbey found bagdemagus awaiting company gallant knights bagdemagus pleased famous knight side lancelot quickly grew soft spoken bagdemagus
tuesday sir lancelot knights leafy wood tournament ground ready contest stands erected lords ladies behold sunny summer field king wales hundred knights field bagdemagus half followers clash bagdemagus party driven lancelot knights lancelot thrust thickest fight smote knights smote king wales fell swoon brought sixteen knights breaking spear wondered knight unpainted shield spear smote twelve knights knights king wales joust prize bagdemagus lancelot took leave telling bagdemagus daughter seek brother sir lionel asleep lancelot returned forest sleeping met girl riding black horse fair damsel lancelot asked ye adventures hand sir knight replied damsel adventures hand ye dare find lancelot sir adventures suit ye dwells knight overmatched sir turquine understand dungeon threescore knights king arthur court ye bring turquine grateful
ye table round defy thee replied knight turquine lancelot sought sir gaheris ground remounted faced challenger short distance rode spears extended smote blow horse fell ground knights astonished quickly drew swords rushed eagerly turquine shield pictured red dragon lancelot shield plain hours fought breathless stood leaning swords fellow sir turquine hold thy hand awhile tell ask say turquine ye greatest knight met knight hate knights ye knight willingly agree ye deliver prisoners threescore ye tell thy friends replied lancelot knight ye hate truly sir lancelot lake slew brother knights living meet end vow sir knight thy request lancelot lake true knight table round defy ye ah lancelot ye art welcome part till dead hurtled wild bulls slashing lashing shields swords
mathematics thinking solving problems art science language mathematicians speak ordinary languages communicate means numerals symbols mathematics read understand mathematics learn read symbols words terms explain mathematical ideas arithmetic field mathematics involves study numbers think part numbers play everyday experiences involving numbers number systems developed arithmetic includes computation problem solving arithmetical operations numbers addition subtraction multiplication division knowing operations help school ago field arithmetic stressed schools teachers textbooks books called arithmetic books introduced concepts fields mathematics began study arithmetic equations read write introduction field algebra read applied concepts measurement geometry read statistics newspaper magazine articles studied probability predict number times event occur occur mathematics textbook read mathematics basic reasons reading mathematics reading material information enjoyment reasons combine goals mathematics lesson help understand concept apply entertainment task complete
learned standard units english system measurement measure length width height area weight volume units inch foot yard ounce pound quart scientists began question system ago shown illustrations units originally based inconsistent measures parts human body inch foot yard weight length grain inch ounce pound distance ox plow acre find origin units english system century ago scientists began metric system measurement system partially adopted france european countries shortly today metric system spread countries england british commonwealth metric england began converting canada began united states major country changed metric system american russian charts moon metric measurements metric system called systeme international unites advantages english system important fact decimal system means number system based powers ten monetary system decimal system interesting forefathers chose complicated english system measurement money easier operate numbers decimal system
american motorist adjust signs telling speed limit kilometers hour housewife buying meat kilogram cloth meter problems expenses business face country shifted metric system weights measures problems face america continues buck wide trend metric system questions commerce department exploring study commissioned congress determine advantages liabilities conversion final recommendations due touch hot debate capitol hill thomas jefferson suggested adopt metric system fledgling republic retained weights measures standards mother country adopt decimal system money britain process changing metric shift supporters say proving painful feared advocate conversion country say run risk industrial nation metric system nations percent population percent industrial production system plan convert opponents argue cost business staggering public confusion hamper commercial activities decades important thing weights measures say based standards accepted system add advocating conversion say metric system greater country generally realized areas science medicine growing number industrial plants serving overseas markets
suppose assignment discover scientist explains terms effort simple machines reading table contentsof science book locate pages information subjects closer look pages locate types illustrations diagrams help find detailed information knowing purpose reading help determine speed read read scientific material fast read exciting adventure story newspaper article read scientific material slower rate read fiction nonfiction scientific writing supporting details ideas author presents miss details read fast read science focus eyes mind words ideas meanings encountered think word meaning dishes homework working factory working office scientist mean completely context clues helpful determining special meaning read science read carefully directions experiments illustrations pay close attention detailed information cases notes read read science main ideas explained terms relationships effect relationship effort lookout statements illustrations diagrams provide supporting details explain relationships sequence ideas presented important
scientists follow orderly procedure solve problems procedure known scientific method think scientists need actually scientific method applied solving problems business industry home workshops schoolrooms science laboratory step scientific method problem solved scientist states mentally paper scientist gathers information problem known prior attempts solve problem failures avoid committing errors information scientist makes guess suggestion thinks explain problem guess called hypothesis course hypothesis tested step devise experiment experiments test hypothesis performs experiments carefully observes closely keeps careful records observations repeats experiments asks repeat scientist ready judge results experimentation decides hypothesis wrong words draws conclusion conclusion hypothesis wrong guess start thomas edison tested hundreds substances found filament electric light bulb sympathized saying discouraging suffered failures edison supposed replied failures test proved wouldn
think throwing ball turning pages book scientist answer yes question says force applied moves force apply called effort pushing hard mean producing deal effort press wall lot effort wall move resistance wall greater effort applied mind reword definition paragraph follows effort overcomes resistance moves scientists developed ways measuring machine facts determine need force exerted need moves amount unit found multiplying unit force unit distance suppose want move ten pound box books move box foot ten foot pounds move box feet twenty foot pounds difference fast lift box amount lift pound box shelf feet ground
chapters read simple machines main ideas mentioned machines don save easier machines transfer force change direction force multiply distance force multiply speed force effects save effort effort saved changing simple machines slightly combining simple machines combined form compound machine machines belong classification shovel lever wedge pair scissors levers wedge pencil sharpener crank wheel axle machine screws wedge shaped threads sharpen pencil compound machines combinations wheels firmly fixed axles form wheel axle machines sizes arrangements wheels axles transfer force wheel ways wheels turn put belt tight band wheel turned transfers force belt transfers force wheel wheels turn put chain wheels teeth notches help chain slipping bicycle type wheel sprockets gears teeth chain pedals attached crank turns front sprocket chain moves turns sprocket connected rear wheel turn wheels fit gears
classification machines read chapter context clues alerted fact read separate classification word classification appears paragraph page words class classification group appearing context series ideas explained classification ideas explained author examples illustrate points common form compound machine chapter ways transferring force phrases helped identify ways science read effect relationships relationships stated text illustrated pictures diagrams effect produced wheel belt turns happens turn sprockets chain examples effect relationships found chapter earlier reading help understand meaning mechanical advantage page term reference gears principle mechanical advantage remains important remember scientific principles likely later reading application find learned machines test pages want polish test taking skills test questions generally clues tell expected answer reading question carefully help find answer addition information stored memory answer question
science reading encyclopedias reference books reading keys helpful kind reading reading science textbooks keys read article archimedes greek mathematician inventor basic scientific discoveries thousand ago called father experimental science experimented test ideas archimedes important involved levers pulleys screws inventions archimedean screw countries raise water irrigation handle screw turned water drawn river pond irrigation ditch archimedes principles levers pulleys invent catapult weapon war archimedes invention drive roman armies walls syracuse city lived archimedes born syracuse island sicily ruled greece birth date thought attended school alexandria egypt center greek learning rest spent syracuse killed roman soldier archimedean screw catapult greece famous scientists mathematics famous mathematicians science experimental preview article short skimming article note run heads help determine article contained information archimedes inventions previewing article reading archimedes
social studies concerned basic needs beliefs customs traditions deals government institutions social studies examines relation land lives past social studies covers broad area draws concepts facts ideas fields learning anthropology history government political science sociology economics geography fields contribute knowledge help develop understanding social studies books articles deal broad subjects book civilization incas deal aspect subject inca farming social studies materials read totally factual textbooks reference books newspaper magazine articles fall group documents original source materials letters speeches famous materials blends fact fiction biographies autobiographies articles essays based facts include elements fiction conversations materials author opinions subjects feels strongly hand materials read basically fictional historical facts books stories called historical fiction help understand everyday period important reason reading social studies acquire knowledge helps understand happening short voting help elect women represent government wise choice electing president don national international problems
economic systems united states canada based free enterprise free enterprise system production goods services private businesses directed largely individuals groups individuals government individuals groups land buildings mines factories machines production goods services united states canada government owns properties kinds including businesses united states businesses run nonprofit basis competition private businesses government enterprises canada differ regard earn profits openly compete private businesses economic system worked countries tremendous wealth human natural property money resources rights freedoms economic system system person generally decide wants earn living wants wants spend money property wants person wants teacher attend college proper training teach wants provided course job person prefer plumber postal worker nurse farmer freedom individuals choose ways making living called freedom enterprise freedom limited government protect public person practice medicine law meeting requirements set government economic system large companies small businesses freedoms similar individuals
private businesses companies formed produce sell goods services buy goods services consumer pay money businessman exchange businessman money pay salaries rent taxes buy materials services left expenses paid called profit economy producer tries highest prices goods services consumer hand tries buy goods services lowest prices companies product consumer choose company product wants buy company persuade consumer buy product service order profits buying selling goods simple suppose john brown buy bicycle price bike company decide buy bike course look bikes companies let closer look happen company john browns able sell bicycles produces company course lower price sell bicycles lower profit profit bicycles poorly regardless price consumers buy company offers bicycles quality companies selling bicycles rivals money john brown plans spend kind rivalry business called competition common technique companies sell products advertising advertising try persuade consumers buy products
credit simply means trusts person business pay later date bought money borrowed origin word credit latin word credo believe person business firm extending credit says effect believe believe pay debt date agreed course persons businesses don lend money give goods services purely goodness hearts expect paid extra fee owed fee called interest added amount paid part interest consumer charged pays lender bookkeeping collection expenses involved part profit lender familiar type credit retail store charge account person charge account store buy number articles pay end period twenty thirty days interest charge added paid end paid monthly payments payments interest added interest fixed law percent percent month percent percent type credit known revolving charge account typical experience buying credit mrs brown son kevin shopped school clothes department store bought shirts couple pairs slacks pair shoes sports jacket
tim kathy rowen liked going downtown mother meant exciting ride superfast train zooming dim tunnels roaring heart city train directly lower floor big department store mrs rowen seen advertised sale sheets needed replenish supply linen department mrs rowen bought sheets sets pillowcases kathy tim needed gym shoes headed shoe department shoes bought mrs rowen spent cash spotted wig counter exactly wig looking sale decided try mom look pretty kathy bad mom agreed tim color price style mrs rowen left promised kathy tim lunch wig regularly sold hated pass wasn planning charge account mrs rowen didn charge account fear overspending advantage wore wig party night rowen agreed children looked pretty rowen loved family worked hard steel mill paid hour forty hours week income called average deductions pay expenses mrs rowen budget income carefully
easy buying credit advantages easy disadvantages obvious cases person buying credit ends paying goods services person pays cash reason person unable meet payments goods bought credit repossessed payments point forfeited cases debtor job part salary firm owes money paid called garnisheeing wages disadvantages course result overspending major danger goes buying credit credit terms easy spend afford families kammerts gotten financial difficulties buying credit articles services income possibly cover dishonest merchants advantage disguising actual interest amounts paid printing important conditions written agreements contracts small type hope won read kind dealer finds victims poor country unfamiliar language unfortunately dishonest businesses tragic victims force government agencies protect ignorant careless consumer criminal credit practices laws regulating amount interest charged federal level consumer credit protection act effect july popularly known truth lending act
jean labadie popular storyteller parish acted story real told falls niagara booming noise deep throat whirled fists listener plainly hear falls white water churning splashing pour head jean labadie stop telling stories demon takes shape terrible animal pounces foolish night storyteller dropped fours rolled eyes snorted clawed floor listeners ran terror winter evenings jean tell tales rest worked hard cows pigs chickens jean labadie noticed flock chickens getting smaller smaller began suspect neighbor andre drouillard stealing catch andre act nights running jean took gun wall slept henhouse chickens thing happened hens disturbed feeder roost stopped laying jean sighed put gun climbed bed afternoon jean help neighbor mow weeds barn found bunch gray chicken feathers fence sure andre taking chickens neighbor chickens scrawny white things
things turned neighbor hinted madame villeneuve saw big black dog running house henri dupuis saw running corner store delphine langlois saw running graveyard tombstones ran lifted paw paw jean labadie left neighbor chopping wood longer friends drove village black mare shod sitting front blacksmith shop andre drouillard galloping speed scarcely hold reins hand cut bleeding crowd quickly gathered wrong andre drouillard asked cut dr brisson fetch dr brisson andre drouillard pointed bleeding hand jean labadie big black dog bit accused warning jumped fence soon jean drove sank teeth hand gasp horror throat jean labadie reddened walked andre stared wound looks axe cut grew angry jean labadie big black dog threatened drive parish friends jean wearily think matter ended truth big black dog big black dog joke aha cried andre trying crawl blame says big black dog
shy quiet individual set bitter scientific governmental controversies scientist training inclination writing full poetry wonder saw nature traveled faraway exotic places understood principles govern balance entire natural died fairly young age influence continues felt ideas ideals thanks efforts widely understood shared lifetime rachel louise carson born springdale pennsylvania rachel grew house surrounded woods fields spent hours exploring age school rachel ambition writer ten story won prize competition sponsored st nicholas magazine sold essay st nicholas eleven entered college rachel planning writing career fascinated biology course decided concentrate zoology thought abandoning writing career favor science occurred apparently combine careers later rachel discover science subject find vitally important write writing advanced degree zoology part studies took place woods hole marine biological laboratory massachusetts coast close sea yearned child
lion house pretty fair shape chilled citizen coming raw windy afternoon found place warm clean flooded light usual move visitor step doors give general sweeping glance room note invariably end attention riveted cage left occupied simba absolutely superb nubian lion simba credit zoo simply astonishing simba full peak manhood spent striding cage head chest looking trademark unusually fine head full mane manifestly aware figure cut simba indoor lion leaned heavily inside half cage bob saylor head keeper convinced fresh air sunny months drive outdoor portion cage drop door fried simba clang ringing ears frown stomp times full stop front paws cough cough unlike hitting empty oil drum baseball bat noise carried riverside park neighboring residential districts astonishing clarity odd thing lived heard visited found unnerving
lion cramped aisle jim run door animal thought hold door jim warn saylor nets gang strength rifle case hand whisper jim dash lifted broom slammed lion rump thud hit hear cage hurry swatting yelling lion thought minute lion going charge sure lion completely confused beaten squeezed strange place shouting wanted home sure finally figured jumped open cage door jim walked leaned rail slammed shut rolled railing snapped lock closed father reported tottered leaned rail told jim don chance told lion jumped moment gave flat instructions happens
twelve hour watches bad sounds need sleep space course night floating permanent sunlight convenient stick terms certainly woke morning felt earth nagging headache vague memories fitful disturbed dreams took ages undo bunk straps half awake joined remainder duty crew mess breakfast unusually quiet seat vacant sven asked caring looking claribel answered says find wakes retort woke sven doorway wrong slowly opened hand lay tiny bundle yellow feathers clenched claws sticking pathetically air happened asked equally distressed don sven mournfully found let look jock duncan cook doctor dietitian waited hushed silence held claribel ear attempt detect heartbeat presently shook head hear prove dead listened canary heart added apologetically give shot oxygen suggested pointing green banded emergency cylinder recess door agreed excellent idea claribel tucked snugly face mask large serve complete oxygen tent
pounding waves carved distinct types shorelines type shoreline simple low regular outline shallow water offshore type high irregular deep water offshore shallow water protects type shoreline water large waves break coast occur gigantic waves scour scoop ocean floor throw sand form barrier bar longshore currents bring sand sea contribute bar longshore current current shore running parallel shoreline barrier bar begins wear places breaks bar form tidal inlets coast goes lagoon bar filled silt sediment mainland waves begin push bar finally bar rests original shore regular shoreline outset type coastline unprotected mercy deep water start waves sizes beat shoreline waves lap islands headlands deep bays irregular shape coastline hurry lapping waves carve cliffs headlands capes shoals beaches shape bars tie islands mainland vegetation deposits streams fill shortened bays finally headlands bays longer part changing coastline disappeared waves pound mainland renewed fury general methods prevent erosion shoreline
opening pages book begun look problems facing listed problems means scientist say solve problems true problems science relate discoveries theories problems science practical problems list problems think important find singled study compare list note types problems end challenges facing science list challenge identified problem begin solution ways look answers sure conclusions scientist works ways generally things solves problems scientist recognizes problem wants solve scientist states problem clearly sure understands scientist searches facts known problem turns books magazines consults scientists study known facts scientist thinks answers problem answers called hypotheses scientist selects idea hypothesis
smoke exhaust fumes saturate fill air exhaust automobiles problem large cities exhaust harmful products gasoline burned cars device automobiles helps reduce fumes air pollution endanger health community large cities illegal burn fuels give harmful gases irritating solids smoke ordinances eliminated ribbons black smoke ringed factory districts adjoining neighborhoods air pollution known smog problem cities smog consists smoke exhaust fumes mixed clinging patches fog low lying clouds smog mixture smoke fog dust particles remain lower atmosphere times wayward particles found heights miles sun beaming earth times sun earth barren lifeless wasteland space sun radiates energy energy keeps plants animals alive lucky energy sun atmosphere surface earth energy radiation deadly atmosphere screens excess rays need solar radiation moves freely gases atmosphere clouds dust particles set barrier clouds reflect radiation space dust particles absorb rays upper part atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet rays especially dangerous rays give sunburn
knows magnetism discovered ancient greeks knew greeks found mysterious iron ore district called magnesia stones greeks noted amazing power stones attract pieces iron imaginative greeks named pieces ore magnete stones honors greek tribe magnetes magnetes lived district magnesia later stones called magnetite twelfth century ago sailors put magnetite special carried hard iron needle piece magnetite voyage needle magnetite compass sailors times easily find directions fair weather sun stars pointed cloudy days stormy nights dark skies obscured sun stars conditions sailors soon lost direction north tell sailors found answer discovered crude compass sailors rubbed iron needle magnetite floated needle chip wood bowl water needle pointed north magnetite give sense direction similar compass study science stroked needle magnet knew magnetizing needle twelfth century sailors knew magnetism instrument worked needle swung north sailors referred north seeking phenomenon power needle stone magnetite called lodestone
twelfth century sailors knew laws magnetism laws explain compass works needle compass swings north south position poles magnet react magnetic lines force principal part compass magnetized steel needle magnetized needle balanced pivot end needle pole end pole bar magnet needle swings side side swinging needle mounted compass base printed base directions north east south west compasses northwest northeast southwest southeast hold compass horizontal position pole needle arrowhead distinguishing mark end points north position compass revolve case letter directly beneath north pointing end needle direction north knowing direction north easily determine south east west fact compass base locates directions course base positioned correctly printed directions compass meaningless mariner compass ship compass special kind compass magnetic compass single bar magnet needle mariner compass magnets magnets mariner compass fastened flat disk compass card card mounted pivot directions printed ship moves card turns freely direction magnetic north knew compass
scientists supports molecular theory magnetism satisfied worked atom worked theory settled electron theory magnetism remember atom consists central portion protons neutrons nucleus protons neutrons whirling electrons electron moves nucleus track electron moves ways revolves center atom earth revolves sun electron spins rotates rotates earth rotates axis diagram iron atom twenty electrons whirling nucleus electron track separate tracks electrons distance nucleus form groups grouped electrons travel shell orbit iron atom electrons shell closest nucleus electrons shell fourteen fourth shell think learned electric current electric current remember magnetic field electric current moving electrons twenty electrons iron atom revolving rotating moving electron iron atom magnetic field surrounding magnetic field encloses electron surrounds electric current unmagnetized piece iron electrons rotating clockwise direction spinning counterclockwise direction magnetic field clockwise spin cancels field electron spinning counterclockwise
things earth depended natural resources survival depending need natural resources earth inclined natural resources granted tend assume unlimited supply water soil minerals wildlife case important conserve natural resources wasteful destructive soil grow food need wildlife plants animals danger lasting supplies coal petroleum iron ore minerals water supply suppose careless natural resources waste effect future generations maybe coal petroleum replaced substitute water food making plants important questions consider conservation business neighbor business business conservation begins part crops growing united states northern tip england southern corner california plants taking root fruits grains vegetables growing fields gardens rising soil soil wonderful thing ask farmer thinks soil ask farmer lives farm knows belongs farm ask gardener thinks soil
wind carries soil wind blows bare fields picking particles topsoil dumping part country miles loss costly farmer look grain heard dust bowl dust storm swept acrosssome western states warm swirling winds removed inch topsoil billion acres land region bowl dust dust bowl called land western states grazing cattle sheep past ranchers paid attention wise land overgrazing stripped plains grasses vegetation today ranchers mindful conservation grazing lands wisely limit number cattle turned loose dry treeless plains feasible plant trees bushes windswept range spite wind rain running water farmers protect land actively save soil keeping wearing combatting erosion conservation practices contour plowing helps hold soil place farmer plows furrows contours rows follow natural ridges slopes field curving circular furrows hold water washing soil water soaks ground terracing steep slopes hillsides farmer cuts hill level platforms terraces plants seed stair step terraces crops grow runoff water scarcely loss topsoil
enjoy fishing maybe hunt wild game father returned hunting trip pheasant deer appreciate song beauty birds gazed flowers parks mountains enjoy things idea hunting fishing bird watching observing flowers conservationist wildlife agree cherish protect animals taking care left balance nature protects balance relationship plants animals animal dominates kinds animals live numbers food chain helps things balance fact food chain balance nature community living things makes food chain chain begins plant plant food animal turn animal food animal food chains depends community chain unfolds suppose consider plant animal community oak woods mouse eats acorn owl eats mouse links chain acorn mouse owl destroy food chain upset balance nature upsets balance unwisely times seeks lot farmer clear field planting crop upsets food chain trouble insects forced larger animals seek shelter
parts body times ordinary familiar shoe wear comfortably parts let muscle sore soon aware service break skin reminder body thing protect prize part body helps going look body living thing observe insect dog body framework skeleton skeleton supports shapes body protects vital organs brain heart kinds skeletons kind familiar framework skeletal system kind called endoskeleton kind skeleton called exoskeleton insects crayfish exoskeletons exoskeleton animal body addition insects crayfish mollusks snails clams oysters exoskeletons shells exoskeletons familiar animals found parts exoskeletons limestone silica chitin chitin consists carbohydrates protein materials shells shells carbonate lime animals snails clams oysters covering bodies shells covering helps protect animal soft body fleshy skinlike layer tissue called mantle mantle shields soft tender body takes care important function
heart chest slightly left breastbone think heart left side body reality center heart size fist grows grow conscious effort heart pumping heart actually pumps side heart receives fresh blood lungs pumps body side receives blood body pumps lungs tough wall known septum lies sides side heart chambers compartments upper chamber known auricle receives incoming blood lower chamber known ventricle blood drops ventricle auricle leaves ventricle body lungs let trace blood flows heart start left side blood flows left auricle lungs enters left auricle pulmonary veins auricle serves reservoir incoming blood fills contracts auricle contracts blood squeezed valve ventricle ventricle fills auricle relaxes soon ventricle contracts squeezes blood valve aorta aorta main artery body branches organs cells side heart works exactly auricle receives blood body head arms trunk legs blood pours auricle veins known superior vena cava inferior vena cava
dinnertime arrives begin feel hungry body lets need food hunger pangs stomach put tasty food mouth waters signal eat eating food pleasure part daily activity body needs food growth development living cell nourishment food longer live food eat changed form reaches body cells digestive organs change organs change solids liquids remove wastes foods swallowed scientist says organs digest food digestion begins mouth teeth tongue things started lining mouth nerve endings nerve endings tell hot cold sharp soft hard blunt bite piece food front teeth incisors food goes mouth tongue moves grinding teeth molars molars chew food grind pound break mushy pulp chew food saliva pours mouth saliva watery liquid comes pairs glands located bottom sides mouth glands called salivary glands excrete liquid ducts tiny openings tongue sides cheeks saliva moistens food makes food easy swallow helps change hard dry particles soft mushy glob
splitting atom sets chain reaction atom splits atoms target element begin break atoms splitting reaction controlled results disastrous atomic explosion easily chain reaction going atom splits remember free neutrons free neutrons bullets resulting reaction bullets strike nucleus atom atom splits liberates neutrons bullets flying let splitting uranium suppose uranium nucleus frees neutrons splits neutrons zeroes atom exploding uranium atoms break releasing neutrons atoms split step sixteen thirty billions atoms continuously undergoing fission course plenty atoms waiting split atoms contained element serves fuel piece matter bombarded neutrons small piece uranium billions atoms uranium explosive deal energy locked tiny atom chain reaction unfolds tremendous speed billions invisible neutrons flying nearly speed light fast flying neutrons hitting nucleus atom splits enormous quantity energy released combined energy atoms unbelievably explosive uranium element atomic fission atoms unstable atoms tend break
look things scientist clothing plastics television spacecraft home processed food items part daily products science living era scientific achievements short lifetime scientists attained goals impossible ago thing contributed progress industry medicine education agriculture communications understanding think moment list scientific achievements occurred born list comes scientists laboratories important discovery announced look newspapers magazines news information science scientist concluding unit book scientists past note ability unexpected developments experiments put road discovery research scientists conduct research research important scientific discovery research skill scientists employ scientists answer questions solve problems important called scientific research research means finding scientists find things discoveries number ways laboratories libraries experiments read books journals scientific reports read experiments important observations
famous american scientist luther burbank devoted improvement plants development plants burbank formal education instincts scientific research applying scientific method lived gardens laboratories california burbank developed hybrids patiently observed development plant generations experimented fruits flowers burbank employed crossing selection produce hybrids crossing combining plants grow selection plants inferior cast famous burbank developments plumcot white blackberry plumcot cross plum apricot plumcot yellow pink white crimson burbank white blackberry transparent seeds unusually small burbank developed pomato cross potato tomato pomato looks small tomato grows potato vine obtain tomato plant garden store grow plant seeds grow potato plant cut eye potato plant eye large pot soil place pot sunny window soil moist soon potato plant tomato potato plants inches tall place side side sure stems plants touch sharp knife slice small part surface stem bring stems sliced bind twine
neighborhood surrounding professor store inexpensive apartment houses family owned shops small aging homes area connection university trace ancestors continent everycountry dozens children neighborhood boys girls size style color speak language wanted schools streets speak language number things common things common vague mysterious fear called professor dangerous professor uncertain appearance undoubtedly rumors tall bent thin beard straggled cheeks dry moss gray rocks eyes dark expressionless set deep heavy brows distance looked dark empty holes distance children orchard avenue cared professor lived dingy store stand sun doorway smaller children cross street walk older braver boys inspired strangeness dare attempt tease torment absolute failure sort reaction victim discouraging weird spoil fun bravest bullies
april hall called april dawn exactly month egypt game began professor backyard reluctantly live shabby splendor california spanish apartment house called casa rosada dorothea beautiful glamorous mother live grandmother knew wore gray hair bun head april dorothea hollywood friends gray hair kind purpose matter early august april professor met morning april spent half hour arranging limp blond hair high upsweep dorothea wore hard harder looked dorothea pinned repinned april told righteous bitterness caroline sure anyway hard grandmother noticed hairdo breakfast table didn notice quiet depressed april try cheer questions conversation april decided caroline uninterested kind person didn notice short april intended leading kind caroline didn notice wouldn trouble
pre columbian burial figure mexico thousand ago voice slow rusty april looked quickly thousand re kidding glance sure wasn wasn kidding wasn seen strange skimpy looking beard eyes deep set blank empty flicker face reveal thinking april impressed dead pan cultivated knew experience perfect easily mean respectful caution tilted stone face downward stiff nod april studying objects case interest divided unusual strange things dusty glass moments stood smiled real smile small quick gooey kind grownups notion wouldn fool easily april hall live apartment house door grandmother live hollywood mother paused moment looked wasn going answer craggy face cracked allow escape small words april regarded grudging admiration wasn hard pick real meaning things watched closely
feeling pleasantly safe secure girls sat began plans marshall busy digging hole middle yard sharp stick knotted security legs neck hands free digging security pear shaped plush body black legs hanging marshall april suddenly marshall young pharoah heir throne egypt civil war going side trying kill okay high priestesses isis assigned protect ummm april evil high priestesses going offer human sacrifice crocodile altar evil god set yeah april jumped feet throwing arms chanted almighty set promised servants crocodile gods nile bloody heart young pharoah marsh uh marshamosis dropped knees mighty set god evil hear obey marshall stopped digging stood started opening fence girls ran didn struggle caught melanie familiar expression face funny baby round chin sticking defiantly black eyes glared leave bloody heart girls giggled pretty sharp april melanie knees tried marshall hands wouldn turn loose security marshall honey game
school start melanie chance put effect plan rid eyelashes dinner mrs hall apartment april took library book reading knew april wanted read april room talked egypt game school starting morning going wear things melanie suggested read comfortable stomachs april bed started books sure april took eyelashes girls hard keeping minds reading april thinking telling didn matter wilson school friendly dorothea write soon saying wanted april home dorothea ages april seen april shut eyes tried picture tonight picture wouldn clear blur blur laughter talk movement color bright beautiful blur matter distant reality dull gray melanie trouble keeping mind reading worried planning fact hard pretending worry secretly relieved caroline suggested bed girls going school morning
marshall watched going began impatient wanted going play pharoah april told wouldn ready chin began stick happy let start sort junior high priest ceremony presentation dead lizard sacrificial offering set marshall marched head procession sprinkled holy water tuna job wouldn put security high priest april high priest evil god toy octopus hanging neck finally agreed pretend kind fancy ceremonial robe procession admit marshall kid remembered words chant sprinkled places wonderingly melanie wasn surprised marshall grown started walking security guess grown dad says reason marshall needs security hard baby dad says baby offended marshall dignity april shrugged heck guess re grown end september girl moved casa rosada
trick treat group milling mob devils witches tramps monsters barkley acted father twin boys stand looked positively exhausted sturdy real estate salesman smile beginning wilt casa rosada black cat mechanical red riding hood tramps ancient egyptians joined unwieldy group started orchard avenue sprawly column marshall suddenly stopped tugged melanie arm want sign loudly surrounding trick treaters turned look egyptians stared astonishment marshall blabbed secrets shh april hissed tell shhh marshall secret elizabeth whispered covering mouth hand matter melanie asked astonishment marshall pushed elizabeth hand secret sign sign carry sudden melanie laughed guess thinks re demonstration university trick treating young knows demonstrations laughed marshall re demonstration marshall melanie explained tugging moving re trick treating trick treating candy demonstrations things peace freedom marshall relaxed allowed pulled street didn look convinced demonstration firmly
toby swiveled head surveyed damage hey watch bent jockey shorts ad april melanie didn believe encouraging toby laughing egyptians convulsions giggles ken toby disappeared corner lady walk calling ask wanted candy melanie suggested maybe stay group fathers notice start watching trying wasn easy catch costumes success house admired questioned members family called elizabeth marshall thought elizabeth marshall darling adorable admired fussed egyptians candy leave house wait flash camera picture finally rushed stairs big group trick treaters completely disappeared dimly lit sidewalk suddenly quiet ran block corner look ways wasn person sight standing looking wondering suddenly melanie pointed horizon look shooting star shooting star repeated whispered unison rehearsed looked april
melanie whispered won telling punching nose moment consideration april nodded okay turn loose won punch till find re going unclenched fists girls approached enemy left marshall sat edge temple floor position watch happen boys standing watching girls warily melanie began going tell tell ken makes think thing course toby don finking girls glanced surprised relief toby continued matter plain simple finking letting egyptians secret stuff considered unpatriotic hey re ken maybe tell maybe maybe official report scene current events tomorrow morning toby stalked middle yard obviously meant egyptian walk faced group cleared throat phony voice happening egypt official report tobias alvillar secret agent toby pretty funny laughed ken april thinking horrible thought knew egyptian walk thinking fence high look couldn seen scrambling
saturday afternoon april melanie marshall elizabeth join boys egypt previously scheduled rendezvous elizabeth met door dead pet tears eyes natural think funeral april melanie started tossing idea decorating elaborating worked supposed elizabeth tears slowed damp dimple flickered cheek girls marshall squeezed fence egypt ken toby waiting deal background material beginning shape prince pete ho son queen neferbeth fallen battle terrible monster body solemn procession temple anubis god dead ken toby gratifyingly enthusiastic fact toby middle insisted ken horemheb going high priests anubis minute april melanie thought ceremony high priestesses dead mean aida aida toby corrected rule passed members called egyptian names inside land egypt okay aida anyway idea yeah finished reading book tells mummies tough ideas april
strange mrs granger sixth grade teacher wilson responsible phase egypt game grew fact assignment class reading barely mentioned called oracle toby pretty idea oracle decided ask mrs granger hopes getting started winded explanations test scheduled end period mrs granger known forget things handled toby asked question oracles sure worked picked subject mrs granger teeth gleam eye started full blast toby settled feeling sure rest recess turned thing sort backfired end period class toby included hung oracle bit mrs granger matter fact completely slipped toby mind asked head test mrs granger sort thing careful library period lot stuff read oracles afternoon discussion class lot dope kinds oracles predicted future ways actions sacred snakes birds fish insides dead animal arranged priests cut open
point melanie suggested questions oracle written hieroglyphics reason toby soon ken written question toby grabbed folded paper stepping altar started priest oracle party realized happened interested going argue toby pressed slip paper forehead walked times temple ken kneel altar thoth press paper thoth forehead toby sprinkled holy water tuna hung paper thoth sharp toenails sprinkled holy water finally waved smoke incense burner chanting hear thoth ancient wise hear answer doubt toby high priest egyptians caught smooth solemnity exalted priestly expression found believing half believing toby actually talking ancient powerful strange supernatural happen toby turned moment later thundered kneel bow low ancient egyptians miracle oracle hurried obey moment later lifted foreheads temple floor scrap paper hanging thoth curved beak toby backing altar bowing step toby backed kneeling hustled temple
things scarcely quiet april narrow escape christmas vacation arrived days vacation members egypt gang pretty busy family things shopping trips relatives paths crossed stopped discuss things general egypt situation situation didn look excitement toby drifted alley look things found land egypt boarded replaced loose board nailed place big nails somefresh strands barbed wire strung top concensus opinion pretty egypt lost forever thinking terrible loss matter fact egyptians realized egypt terrific game full excitement mystery imagining deal place private lair secret seclusion meant shared friends unknown grownups lived kids sudden egyptians didn blame april marshall loss purpose turned kids neighborhood big favor murderer caught allowed lot freedom neighborhood benefited egypt mourn
morning christmas eve caroline telephone call professor asked april phone members egypt gang ask halls minutes night dinner professor wants knows want families tonight won wants minutes april asked think wants surprise caroline april called egyptians invitation sound mysterious intriguing personally suspicion professor going give stuff toby keeping things livened dinner caroline hot spiced cider april arranged plate fancy christmas cookies caroline baked guests started arrive ken toby looking slightly embarrassed visiting girl lived melanie arrived marshall elizabeth minutes afterward sat drinking cider listening carols caroline hi fi speculated professor mind agreed bringing stuff arrived apparently empty handed end theory professor gave april coat hello strange formal caroline seated turned hi fi low sat feeling uncomfortable
professor heard marshall didn answer began feel jacket pocket jingling sound brought handful shiny keys keys chains wear neck head part engraved professor read names handed keys elizabeth toby melanie egypt elizabeth whispered took key professor nod storm comment hey neat tough thanks lot hey yeah thanks thanks lot course enter side yard professor padlock put door padlock keys caroline kitchen fresh round cider cookies busy talking planning interested food tomorrow melanie tomorrow christmas home yeah toby agreed togetherness bit pad tomorrow dad promised stay studio okay date egypt christmas lunch started getting ready home door ken turned uh professor going going watch laughed afraid won professor gotten involved real storekeeper
drinking alcohol adults arguing early country wanted stop taking drink kind liquor alcohol drinking called liquor story fight drinking liquor part history country english america drank beer called ardent spirits habit thought colonists called drinking drunk georgia forbid prohibit liquor fact liquor business grew leaps bounds matter thought drinking clubs formed ask drink listen words advice clubs called temperance societies pay attention temperance speakers today women christian temperance union working hard influence drink amount liquor country grows deal fuss drink think think say depends matter opinion chance talk alcohol class taking part activities projects help understanding meant drinking liquor
yes alcohol mayflower puritans beer rum beginning colonies story told beer short supply plymouth sailors mayflower feel spare ship supply georgia early colonies law drink rum law lord oglethorpe leader settlers georgia afraid colonists drink lord oglethorpe leaders found impossible obey law forgotten short alcoholic beverages drunk colonies think meant village town acting wild drunken manner true beer wine drank popular england whipped stop drinking wear large red color neck put stocks visited rebuilt colonial village family describe stocks class americans moved westward alcohol ride california west liquor indians friendly buy valuable furs trading stores posts set successful successful liquor indians learned
story boy dream dreamed grow play green bay packers practice read football book written strongest fastest sharpest player country stop thought matter hard practice broken bones give football hero decided run gym lift weights worked hard ran miles lifted ton exercise eat lot food bigger stronger faster ate ten pancakes jam syrup breakfast lunch ate pizza malted milks dinner spaghetti potatoes hamburgers meals energy ate candy bars drank sodas course didn waste green vegetables orange juice milk eggs kids eat stuff laughed smart waste baby food part story think happened football hero strong football hero grow fast hurt bones mend quickly shape alcohol liquor job feeding body energy alcohol body heat energy alcohol body
trouble alcohol alcohol bad alcohol industry seen earlier book modern needs commercial alcohol say alcohol purpose helps support government united states bottle liquor taxed uncle sam uncle sam country called fun big programs country runs tax money proof alcohol reasons wrong alcohol hurts part country tragic terribly sad story told story told doctor priest minister rabbi policeman school guidance counselor broken hearted mother father tragedy told told newspapers front page town newspaper filled sad stories things happened past week stories drinking caused accident broken family death read headlines illustration ring bell memory wondered kind newspaper story kids thought worry town maybe school forget trouble
story real stories john smith happy young school popular kids john nice parents loved tookgood care bowl cherries john smith john party kids leaders school town wanted part crowd times thought wouldn want part group crowd john took drink liquor choke eyes watered didn chicken say john smith big shot crowd kids looked respect maybe wasn popular anymore knew big big crowd taking drinks parties course drinks party pretty soon john started forget studied marks dropped lower lower worse worse end john failed subjects drinking needed money borrowed sold things stole school knew didn parties anymore nuisance john parents change awhile help son alcoholic tried talking punishing
awhile john smith wandered poor section city called bowery skid row place homes live beg money street buy drinks john ended winter coming colder john lived broken hotels cars put newspapers slept doorways sick bowery night colder john drunk drunk foggy care happened night happen headline newspaper morning bowery bum thought read newspaper sad story happy ending john parents heard radio description boy found death bowery raced city hospital boy john awoke hours later faces saw parents crying happy looked saw hands bandaged pain john realized happened started cry week later john smith able sit bed getting blood transfusions build weak body young alcoholics visiting helping control disease doctors think alcoholism today john home awhile family
smoking habit mind smoking killer killer knife gun difference weapons cigarette takes longer die cigarette talk smoking children age tell heavy smokers began teenagers facts young won late save bad end york children school begin smoke thousands lung cancer part group think things affect nonsmoker fire fires country caused careless smokers think ride country pass burned trees forest hurt lost property fire losses parents pride children things say father son care children steps living parent homes want
columbus discovered greeted sights breed called indians funny habit drinking smoke explorers thought keen began fooling lighting tobacco leaf drinking smoke tobacco found continents north south america grown europe asia indians tobacco snuff shaped pipe called taboca word tobacco central america mexico aztec indians thing stuffing tobacco hollow reed cane tube smoking mayan indians central south america crushed tobacco leaves rolled pieces corn husks vegetable wrappers mayan aztec indians possibly called cigarette records found cartier trips canada show indians grew tobacco smoked pipes library find customs mayan aztec indians find areas map lived smoking columbus discovery smoking tobacco leaf smoked health reasons religious rites ancient greece materials smoking awful smell taste drawn smoking discovery sweet smelling tobacco leaf smoking popular pastime study history sure tobacco europe medicine
early days colonial america government farmers grow tobacco colonial virginia farmers wanted grow tobacco profit government angry food products grown food grown young colony alive john rolfe remember history married pocahontas brought growing tobacco virginia rolfe received seed south america west indies large shipment leaf england tobacco important export country today tell england imports tobacco tobacco quickly popular cigars chewing water pipes snuff cigarettes europe major tobacco colonial period pipe smoking part century common tobacco united states chewing american custom beginning habit seamen common workers reason spread tobacco colonial farmers wanted grow money bring sold europe farmers grew crop secret afraid punished surgeon general report major step stop smoking tobacco liked beginning start smoking social customs women smoking
took look walking street neighborhood cigarette hand mouth re street try notice millions light cigarette times say don begin smoke sorry parents teachers family part hooked generation knows reasons think smoke understand grownups attached cigarettes understand word called habit habit repeated thinking part live habit easily seen hold pencil comb hair brush teeth walk school look boy girl sitting part hair touching hair parted part place brush teeth start left side boys trousers morning put left foot pant leg girls button blouse button start top middle bottom park bicycle place school habit
read cigarette advertisement magazine lately feeling models beautiful romantic feel smoking greatest thing feel wanted fun smokers believe think scenes beautiful color imagine cigarette tasting beautiful woods ski country pretty silly think advertisers want breathe hot tar smoke expect think smelling dogwood blossoms feeling advertiser wants think special cigarette glamorous person try add romance act cigarette smoking smoking shown boys girls advertising show brown nicotine stains hands teeth smoker show awful smoker breath comes smoking cigarettes part grownup able separate fact believe advertisers give boys girls credit smart unbelievable stories shown glamor smoking alert pick unbelievable things magazine ads unreal things smoking advertisements list cigarette advertisements funny wise laugh advertising cigarettes
asks try cigarette crowd smoke habitual smoker shorten smoker learned smoking interests read deal book subject learned think important facts pages deal smoking parents age doctors say adults learned smoking age lot fewer sick today need help wise decision comes decide cigarette base choice facts pressure pressures facing pressures deal faces pressures young girl practice piano hours concert play young boy wanting league team child walking brand class middle knowing act helps deal pressure pressures face older lasting effects taking cigarette mean beginning lifetime smoking bad illness older
dominates earth lives easily environment stubborn serve struggle adapt ways living demands desert live learns conserve water build house trip buy clothes considering desert climate environment understand acts understanding able utilize environment effectively united states today cities factories dump sewage nearby rivers result waste materials pollute rivers water unfit drink cities suffer shortages fresh water despite problems progress understanding environment making serve needs chapter look forces affected began scientists believe solar system began flat cloud gas dust spun paper plate giant hand skimming space hundreds millions center cloud disk grew hot glowing sun beginning shine shower energy burned mists gas dust left bare planets spinning circles sun planet sun earth earth hot living things water quickly turned steam earth surface eventually cool rain filled ocean basins
living thing requires food warmth light oxygen protection attack animals unique unique ways intelligence meet challenges environment mother bear teaches baby obtain food ways obtaining nourishment similar identical bears lived changed built knowledge gathered centuries developed culture knowledge customs developed contact culture things area share language traditions science part culture chapter read development culture enabled live successfully earth million ago grassy plain east africa crouched grass nearby huge rhinoceros stamped front hoof snorted scattered quickly rhino thundered midst stones throw stones glanced rhino thick hide angered attacking animal charged rhinos today dodged scampering nearby trees rhino charged butting trees horn lumbered story imaginary early artist painted attack ago cave wall africa trees ran body large antelope ground discovered limping legs fourth broken fall
land flat hot dry historians called cradle civilization trees date palms seen level acres tangled reeds waved low soggy marshlands middle east built cities sculpture beautiful persepolis shown picture facing page founded governments lands recorded history lands bible early gathered food plains africa huge glaciers covered europe north winds carried moisture ice grassy plains call north africa middle east glaciers eventually receded europe winds swept southern lands carried moisture areas dry animals depended watered grasslands move survive early follow eventually learned cultivate crops fertile river valleys ten thousand ago call middle east important center map page find iraq tigris euphrates rivers persian gulf hundred miles south present baghdad land called names history names mesopotamia area larger massachusetts important history civilization historians divide mesopotamian civilization periods periods named groups held power times period called sumerian babylonian assyrian
believe words arab moslem mean thing arab lives countries arabic important language moslem believes moslem faith person arabic moslem lebanese instance speak arabic christians iranians hand speak persian moslems mediterranean sea persian gulf group countries known arab states egypt jordan lebanon syria iraq saudi arabia yemen small arabian sheikdoms bordering gulf aden arabian sea persian gulf arabic spoken country nations share similar culture ways countries republics ruled white robed sheiks determined rush headlong twentieth century education industrialization developed resources cling ways ancestors oil pours earth nations determined remain independent large oil deposits suez canal links mediterranean red sea indian ocean stability arabic states vital middle east western europe united states thousands egyptian lived nile river nile valley river flows fertile lands average egyptian farmer poorest hardworking land
live large complicated lives intertwined thousands miles meet history united states began thousands miles hundreds ago europe parts trace beginnings society thousands area live americans american indians hundred history shift continents ancestors americans western europe ideas nation states government industrialization part american heritage continuation western european tradition ancient greek poet homer wrote island wine dark sea fair rich land past counting ninety cities island homer referred crete site europe civilization known crete known small groups settlers farming land stone tools raising sheep pigs settlers places including turkey holy land egypt mediterranean peoples slim brown skinned black hair hundred cretan settlers spread mountainous island found fertile soil lowlands winter rains helped crops grow mountain springs flowing metalworking introduced cretans bronze copper saws cut forests oak cypress cedar metal tools build fleet ships
roman history begins european tribes north danube river moved south italian peninsula tribe called latins language comes settled place tiber river group hills provided natural protection high ground built wooden houses temples surrounded wall farmed lower land nearby latins contact brilliant cretan civilization south etruscans advanced area turkey etruscans entered italy force settled rome etruscans learned writing greek traders turn taught romans etruscans taught roman farmers tools weapons bronze roma etruscans period roman government etruscan domination gradually romans stronger roman aristocrats revolted despotic etruscan king established rome republic conquering neighboring etruscan cities rome battled enemies north south took rome hundred ruler italian peninsula romans stop reached sea crossed sicily large island toe italian boot met armies carthage page defeat carthage roman soldiers struck eastward short order greece palestine mesopotamia conquered circling mediterranean sea roman armies marched egypt north africa spain romans conquered half britain pushed european frontiers rhine danube rivers
ago king john england unwillingly signed agreement called magna carta charter magna carta important laid foundation personal liberty government englishmen americans today king john forced sign magna carta powerful noblemen kingdom determined capricious king subject law noblemen determined protect liberties magna carta guarantee today consider liberty serfs free beginning signing magna carta king john kings longer simply levy taxes needed money tried nobles objected reminded monarch charter king john signed sure magna carta enforced nobles called councils parliaments word parliament comes french word parler means talk discuss british parliaments magna carta councils noblemen kings called advice money town send parliament freemen county send knights representatives parliament king fought power happened england western european countries similar groups established kings gained upper hand england parliament grew stronger gradually hundreds parliament voice english end middle ages recent times english explorers settlers europeans set sail corners
italy splendid history unified nation roman empire italy center western civilization pages fall rome barbarian tribes sacked italian peninsula vast powerful empire collection divided city states end middle ages city states italy crossroads trade middle east western europe italian merchants richest europe italian city states led cultural awakening west europeans discovered sea route africa east riches americas discoveries main trade routes shifted mediterranean atlantic result italian city states lost wealth importance city states regions remained splintered hundreds fought attacked countries today think romans venetians sicilians italians speak language land creates natural divisions italy natural divisions deeply influenced ways live north alps apennines po valley fertile industrialized area italy highly mechanized farms huge tractors harvest corn mow wheat makes pasta food products macaroni spaghetti italian cooking famous po valley fertile farms tiny poor
englishman wrote words visited moscow hundred later description accurate longer complete golden domes kremlin gleam golden light blocks live substandard housing outskirts moscow russians hundred ago woods pick mushrooms stark white apartment buildings risen fast cranes lift prefabricated panels bustling factories black smoke pollutes sky parks women sweep walks twig brooms stopping occasionally look models sputnik space satellite hundred ago young children labored parents yoke serfdom march classrooms eastern europe soviet union study sciences arithmetic communist philosophy russian revolution quickly seldom easily liberties suppressed government efforts modernize industrialize evidence success consumer goods stores health standards higher eat soviet union eastern europe live pattern woven christ preaching palestine called slavs living swampy river valleys north east carpathian mountains map page main settlements vistula river north center modern poland slavs generally peaceful earned living farming river valleys
fifty ago lenin followers established communist party russia took ideas karl marx german political philosopher marx believed poor poor rich owned means production factories mines railroads marx thought industrialized countries means production provide living commonly owned rich willingly give wealth marx believed revolution claimed government called period socialism eventually government unnecessary fade period called communism marx died ideas lived read lenin later today call country believes government ownership manufacturing large stores major forms transportation communication communist ideas based marx lenin soviet union word communist refers member communist party lenin organized small group dedicated lead russian revolution revolution lenin eliminated political parties communist party government russia largest country slavic country union soviet socialist republics thirty soviet union country ruled communists number countries including eastern europe communist parties wanted power unable slavic governed communist parties
morning east rise beds lives ways natural birth death traditions history covered beginnings devote entire studying classical literature confucianism arise morning dawn answer call prayer mosque bows mecca holy city islam carefully follow caste rules hinduism coupling obedience religious laws offerings household deity leave family friends don yellow robes buddhist holy devoting prayer meditation easterners farmers nomads traders craftsmen occupations religious beliefs part eastern culture east generally divided major regions south asia east asia southeast asia south asia includes pakistan india island nation ceylon tiny mountain kingdoms bhutan nepal sikkim lands part india indian culture civilization molded ways area live think east asia includes china korea japan mongolia taiwan hong kong largest country east asia china times large east asian nations put chinese culture civilization influenced living borders korea japan southeast asia peninsula islands extending burma indonesia philippines
china turned defeat mongols major influences korean japanese cultures ideas traveling chinese merchants settlers fact uniqueness korean japanese culture based ways combined ideas received outsiders traditions lands korea japan suited cultivation chinese crops rice mountain barriers prevent chinese traveling eastward moved countries east merchants settlers carried confucian buddhist ideas government izanagi izanami stood floating bridge heaven held counsel saying country beneath thrust jewelspear heaven groping therewith found ocean brine dripped point spear coagulated island izanagi izanami created islands japan consulted saying produced island country mountains rivers herbs trees produce lord universe produced sun goddess resplendent luster child shone quarters story comes japanese book written thousand ago nihongi means chronicles japan nihongi ancient myths traditions handed word mouth centuries island country ancient legend beautiful land morning looking eastward sun rising expanse pacific ocean
ngoudi lives small village eastern part democratic republic congo village moved short distances times lifetime villagers searched fertile land ngoudi family lived area generations reached age fifteen ngoudi boys age spent months living learning history customs tribe proper tribesman behave ensure join ancestors death ngoudi completed training considered adult constructed small hut parents found wife village belonged tribe settled ngoudi worked hard farming eventually europeans live nearby meant tribe europeans built road past village insisted ngoudi village grow cotton crops harvest europeans gave money return cotton money seen ngoudi village ngoudi found earnings bought bicycle lantern lantern gave light burning branch ngoudi found easier visit wife family bicycle ngoudi approve europeans thing europeans imposed taxes meant ngoudi grow cotton wanted raise money pay taxes europeans annoyed villagers refused give training school prepared boys adulthood tribe
tanzania part country zanzibar neighboring island pemba joined tanganyika form republic tanzania island zanzibar map page looks livingstone stanley stopped explorations african interior peaceful zanzibar recent zanzibar burma thailand site conflict minority group problem arabs asians settled island generations ago page gained control island business valuable clove trade arab sultan ruler zanzibar converted islam africans resented power minority groups unification provided economic benefits tanganyika zanzibar single crop economies zanzibar based cloves tanganyika sisal nation dependence single crop countries formed trade facilities increased efforts train technicians develop industry diversify agriculture successful zanzibar racial problems created difficulties nation tanganyika independence peacefully arabs asians europeans africans worked build nation demands african control tanzanian economy increased factories processing plants nationalized ownership control government government took control number plantations redistributed land individual african farmers instability resulted economic distress factories slowed lost jobs tanzania kenya plural society kenya africans europeans asians indians form small minority groups important
australia pacific region shaped nature area vast dwarfed surroundings prehistory original inhabitants learned live nature destroyed earliest known inhabitants continent australia aborigines australia dry peoples australia lived harsh environment learned exist arid land water land meager resources skillfully water asked knowing area rainfall inches rainy season chase rain squalls find puddle drink dry season asked explained believe soak depression water gathers dig lucky wet sand put mouths suck dry spit unlucky look shrubs water roots chew kind frog bloats water wet season carry dry finding finding sack water water dubiously australian aborigines totally naked lived open simple shelters shrubs branches
viola marie rolled plunged full atlantic gale thousand miles sea decks rusty freighter lay seaman desperately ill appendicitis bending homemade ether cone sharp knife mate doctor board viola marie mate snapped order waiting sailor words messenger sprinting slippery decks ladder radio shack operator seated sparks speaking microphone crisply coolly written directions making incision doctor messenger took paper radio extended hand hurried carrying words crewman hope hung started spray wet ladder clearly heard spark voice doctor incision step knew sparks listening closely messages later saved skillful directions clear speech attentive listening courage act prevented tragedy sea depends dramatically giving receiving directions humdrum everyday directions depend effectiveness skills radioed directions doctor thousand miles jane told susan popcorn balls susan took notes hurried home try recipe happened susan popcorn balls jane mistake cup vinegar susan written teaspoons salt notes directions plan notes susan
remarkable thing thinking think remarkable kind living thing reading book organ body kind living thing organ brain porpoises animals trained perform complicated acts consider performances remarkable compare achievements look read newspapers watch television listen radio list achievements list include paper pens pencils bicycles automobiles trains airplanes rockets spaceships schools hospitals churches telegraph telephone radio television radar eyeglasses microscopes telescopes languages mathematics poetry music art products remarkable organs human brain brain hands imagination skill thinks acts environment satisfy needs desires watch barn swallow bird build nest look figure marked square barn swallows gather mud plaster eaves building barn line nest feathers barn swallows school learn suppose arithmetic spelling history science study think able things perfectly born investigate find things learning
today blinked eyelids times remember blinked today heart beat thousands times aware heart beating breathed thousands times conscious breathing think heartbeat breathing think activities going inside body remember tying shoelaces put shoes morning remember details dressing think perform act thinking act automatic act beating heart automatic act breathing blinking yawning sneezing coughing reflexes automatic automatic acts reflexes tying shoelaces reflex think moment able tie shoelaces birth course tying shoelace automatic act inborn reflex tying shoelaces simple habit learn difference reflex simple habit reflex simple unlearned automatic act habit learned automatic act simple habits important thing save deal think tie shoelaces put shoes getting dressed simple habits brushing teeth washing hands help health brush teeth eat act automatic washing hands eat
plant seed soil bean zinnia nasturtium seed water seed planted suitable environment plant grow produce blossoms seeds bean plant grow water top mount everest cactus plant dry desert zinnia nasturtium plant grow places kinds plants grow plants adapted special environment habitat habitat kinds plants desert mountaintop habitat ocean growth plant buttercup shown illustration depends surroundings sufficient supply water substances found soil sunlight plants part environment change environment taking substances adding environment bean plant growing looks plant grown bean plant plants change environment greatly temporarily plants substances air water soil energy sun turn add decay materials add energy stored food plants food eaten animals animals energy restore materials environment rest part animal process true animals true plants
earth millions riches earth crust learned learned change environment partnership science technology animals plants live environment environment animals plants adapt changing environment move environment die extinct hand environment suit needs live water months nuclear submarine live spaceship control environment ideas build tools machines materials early fed earth plants animals clothed animals skins discovered fire learned burn wood cook food early planet food gatherer stone clubs spears soon tipped spears stone spearheads ten thousand ago learned tame animals dog traveled soon animals horse camp learned plant seeds order grow plants liked eat farmer changed food gatherer food producer ten thousand ago began win metals earth learned heat properly developed simple technology trial error understood concepts underlying technology
rabies deadly disease joseph meister bitten dog rabies disease died louis pasteur pasteur known rabies caused virus louis pasteur idea germs disease pursued idea idea weakened disease germs injected body body produced substances destroyed germs pasteur investigated ideas experimented rabies injections saved animals dread disease tried injections human beings shouldn faced possibility saving inject weakened rabies virus joseph meister joseph meister lived pasteur ideas germ theory disease tools microscopes drugs conquer disease unit study brain hands imagination skill change environment lengthen medicine dropper picture sour milk tiny organisms fact single drop milk fall end dropper organisms united states organisms small seen unaided eye called microorganisms seen microscope microscope lenses arranged magnify tiny plants animals invisible naked eye microscope organisms times larger look drop sour milk microscope organisms shown picture
enemy story virus bacterium viruses type invisible killer virus smaller bacterium picture shows viruses small live inside bacteria bacteria live inside bacteria ordinary microscope viruses small seen special kind microscope electron microscope invented joseph meister read page suffering virus rabies caused viruses kinds viruses influenza viruses look tiny spheres shown pictures enemy virus infantile paralysis polio disease called look picture villain polio virus multiplies large numbers attacks nerves lead muscles nerves carry impulses muscles brain spinal cord nerves affected impulses reach muscles muscles move picture shows healthy nerve cell attacked polio virus polio virus strikes nervous system result muscles function properly muscles function paralyzed useless virus attacks young adults franklin delano roosevelt president united states crippled polio young fulfilled duties president wheelchair
special form wheel axle found inside watch toothed wheel commonly called gear wheel teeth gear wheel wheel turn study picture gear wheels multiply speed larger gear teeth turns smaller wheel teeth half teeth larger gear fit teeth smaller gear larger gear turns smaller gear turn turn larger gear wheel smaller gear wheel turn times smaller gear turns fast examine eggbeater turning handle slowly times beater turn ask classmates count number turns beater makes count times turn handle find beater makes turns handle turned beaters turn handle moving greater speed count teeth gear wheels eggbeater suppose larger wheel teeth smaller wheel teeth fourth number teeth larger wheel turn larger gear times smaller gear turn answer smaller gear turns beater beater turn times faster handle eggbeaters gear ratio gears machines multiply speed ways
lift pounds deal effort help simple machine lift apply force pounds block tackle ropes pulleys weight lift rope supports pounds making total lifting force pounds lift small piano block tackle helps multiply force muscles machine multiply force muscles force applied longer distance distance times put simple machine machines multiply force increase total amount order source energy energy comes food eat energy food supplies muscles force push object matter kind energy needed machine eliminate need energy machine transfers energy place study science study energy energy changed form steam boiling water turn turbine heat energy water steam energy steam mechanical energy turbine mechanical energy transformed electric energy generator purposes gain energy lose energy change form
fill balloon helium rise large carry helium lighter air balloon full helium weighs equal volume air lighter balloon rises floats heavier air balloon filled ordinary air rise fill balloon air exhaled lungs balloon rise thing sure balloon filled air rise float water reason gas air lighter liquid water principle balloon flight fairly simple fill balloon gas lighter air rise float heavier air point balloon reach height weighs volume air balloon rise higher larger balloon objects able carry aloft airplane engine balloon filled helium heavier air makes plane rise air engine moves plane forward makes planes propellers gasoline engine turns propeller moves plane forward backward motion air propeller produces forward motion airplane jet engines thrust engine moves plane forward plane moves forward air molecules flow past wings lift plane caused reduced pressure top wing air travels curved upper surface
special kind radio hear police signals police cars radio telephones enable receive messages police station police cars homes radio telephones common homes cars saved lives ways radio waves save lives ship trouble sea sos broadcast ship radio warnings storms tornadoes hurricanes floods broadcast radio receiving messages space means radio transmitters satellites send information conditions space temperature amount light amount radiation information need live astronauts going outer space need environments encounter pictures latest american space flight reach pictures american land moon reach pictures baseball game words announcer reach television set ball park start answer questions learned spoken word transmitted radio waves send pictures space correct say electromagnetic waves transmit pictures patterns light words patterns sound
discovery atomic particles power pages history mankind left free power brings destruction death modern technology enables set protective measures harmful influences worked atomic energy installation carry pen sized radiation monitor pocket radiation level hot monitor flashes neon bulb buzzes warning tone picture opposite page shows device extending reach power human hand devices developed specialized purposes shown handle radioactive materials inside nuclear reactor perform operations hot chemistry laboratory fact need handling radioactive materials remote control mainly responsible invention design artificial manipulators atomic particles hundred thousandths frightening quantity energy released nuclear reactor energy controlled atomic bomb energy marie pierre curie atoms believed smallest particles matter small seen thought invisible indivisible idea atom indivisible held idea dates greeks leucippus pupil democritus lived ideas purely imaginary based investigation believed piece substance copper cut half half half half
neutron tiny particle electric charge shot nuclei kinds atoms fission suppose charged bullet electrically charged particle shot nucleus atom happen proton positive charge protons nucleus hydrogen atom proton nucleus helium atom protons neutrons atomic bullet positive charge known alpha particle remember alpha particles radium samples studied madame curie helium nucleus atomic number bullet hit nucleus lithium atomic number nucleus boron atomic number results problem hitting nucleus single proton charged nucleus alpha particle easy electric charge nucleus atom neutrons charge protons particles charges repel nucleus atom repel proton proton moves fast overcome force repulsion pushed repelled nucleus problem increase proton speed protons move fast hit nucleus atomic gun kind gun found science fiction movies atomic gun huge structure type atomic gun cyclotron
ago chinese astronomers saw star born thought modern astronomers history stars stars stars renew suddenly brighter interesting story important story clue elements nova means latin word nova called star stars stars sun slowly atoms hydrogen process fusion process takes place sun stars happen star energy fusion hydrogen recall atoms hydrogen fuse form helium matter changed energy page star hydrogen change hydrogen helium continues hydrogen left happen according knowledge present happen slowly millions millions hydrogen millions star huge sun diameter miles volume tremendous earth sized globes fit inside sun hydrogen helium increases expect helium collect helium atom times heavier hydrogen atom
dark clear night look skies stars search polaris north star ships aircraft guided north star look stars sky charts moon supposed stay change differently galaxy milky whirling skies star sun moving planet earth moving evidence tells galaxies stars moving clear moving change taking place universe remains moment ago disturb movements stars fact scientists predict stars tells movements regular uniform movements orderly isaac newton discovered law tells object continues motion remains orbit newton law gravitation explains objects space attract laws scientist stated tried find universe laws enable understand events revolution moon earth scientific laws help predict events gregor mendel laws heredity help explain plants animals inherit traits understanding newton laws universal gravitation predict happens spaceship approaches moon
suppose wanted study bread mold microscope investigate bread mold grow grow taking piece white bread exposing air half hour spores bread mold air fall bread put drops water bread place closed jar jar warm place days week find growth bread mold suppose want find bread mold grows light dark slices bread divide equal parts place part kind jar add ten drops water piece bread put jars dark closet light evidence conclude bread mold grows light let look bit closely temperature dark closet light suppose suppose temperature higher light temperature higher light light energy changed heat energy greater growth light caused light caused higher temperature light order investigation properly control temperature light dark wrong investigation
billion planet earth live continents islands earth exactly alike earth exactly matter humans differences variations single theme basic needs food shelter clothing needs filled hundreds ways need learn live act ways fill needs determined culture group live culture group live think act includes learned behavior customs government worship ways living course affected culture live kind food eat prepared kind clothes wear kind school language speak greet things natural natural cultures talk look straight eye culture thinks thing cultures looking person straight eye considered rude culture basic granted beliefs live eat things think differences cultures things pay attention
artists early examples found liked decorate weapons tools walls caves ancient caves proved places find drawings carvings early artists caves protected lived vanished caves preserved articles drawings left caves rediscovered recent times tell early lived spain france caves scenes exciting art discoveries pictures caves show animals early knew animals provided food deer mammoths bison wild bears paintings animals artists bright colors red brown mixed kinds colored earth oil colors pictures early drawn cave walls cave picture shows fighting battle bows arrows pictures animals charms bring luck hunting hunter draw picture bison going hunt picture meant artist hoped kill animal artists color pictures carved cut outlines animals rocky walls carving found cave southern france shows herd reindeer crossing stream artist wavy lines represent water show intended water artist drew fish wavy lines
reach middle east united states air traveler flies eastward atlantic ocean airplane passes narrow strait gibraltar europe africa comes mediterranean sea sides mediterranean lands spread map north countries europe south sands rocks sahara vast desert north africa desert continues unbroken peninsula arabia asia peninsula desert land middle east region asia africa europe meet middle east egypt small piece turkey lies europe asia egypt african continent middle eastern nation turkey nation middle east stretching east side mediterranean sea syria lebanon israel east iraq iran jordan arabian peninsula occupied saudi arabia edge persian gulf nations kuwait bahrain qatar united arab emirates oman south countries called yemen yemen aden yemen sana island cyprus african country sudan afghanistan added group middle east covers area fourths large fifty states united states vast region hot dry desert receives rain traveler days seeing blade grass watered river valleys fertile valleys nile river egypt
countries southern eastern asia occupy large part continent let examine asia asia giant continents area greater north america south america combined africa largest continent thirds large asia huge asia lands north arctic circle freeze regions bake beneath sun lands asia face oceans seas continent bounded indian ocean south pacific east arctic north western boundaries mediterranean caspian black red seas europe lying northwest narrow bering strait separates asia north america northeast hundreds islands large small form chain coast asia asia greatest plains largest plateaus highest mountains continent highest peak mount everest himalayas mountains asia formed barriers crossing continent today mountains desert regions half live asia live coasts land level rainfall plentiful means parts asia thickly populated parts differences alike important ways farmers raising food large population greatest need factory workers asian nations slow building industries
china country civilized ways living developed recent ancient land undergone chinese republic extends huge area continent asia nation call china communist country group non communist chinese taiwan chinese mainland set republic china known nationalist china china covers asia pacific ocean east china himalayas highest mountains rise south plateaus deserts lie west map page china watered rivers hwang ho yellow river north yangtze south area rivers branches flow densely populated regions earth nearly quarter live china china early history reasons scientists studied china ancient lands early records chinese wooden tablets rotted contrast writings stone baked clay egypt mesopotamia lasted thousands dry climate countries china tells civilized early period human history seen early civilizations began river valleys chinese civilization developed river valley hwang ho river rises mountains tibet west china flows course twenty hundred miles yellow sea
number japanese crowded small islands wanted spread mainland asia took korea peninsula sea japan yellow sea invaded manchuria part north china began ways try control part china south manchuria yellow river chiang saw japanese gain power china tried war lords help build national army thought china eighteen provinces ready japanese struck hard japanese power chinese important seaports shanghai canton island hong kong fell japanese hands seized railroads peiping nanking japanese set puppet governments puppet government officials move speak told behave puppets order east japanese obey prosper chinese believe japanese saw japanese saw japanese making slaves chinese chinese armies continued fight japanese carried fight free china japanese captured cities china lay seacoast free chiang set temporary capital chungking interior find chungking map page
part italy pompeii town twenty thousand hot ashes lava vesuvius covered town fifteen hundred pompeii forgotten scientists began dig layers lava cinder ashes protected ruins pompeii half buried city uncovered visitor ruins public square surrounding buildings stood thousand ago discoveries pompeii add knowledge ancient roman ways romans liked games amphitheater pompeii large hold town wall paintings show kind art enjoyed stone pathways streets pompeiians city herculaneum covered deeply ashes pompeii small towns stand herculaneum digging spot discoveries uncovered art treasures rome lasted twenty hundred vast crumbling ruins stand modern city recalling rome ancient days baths temples forums chief ruins colosseum amphitheater completed today rome city large city detroit important center italian government education religion rome attracts visitors interested city history modern rome rome art center home roman catholic church capital modern italy
lords built strong castles castles lived warriors called knights knights defended castles lords war castles built middle ages standing homes today richly furnished surrounded beautiful gardens fallen ruin visited histories castles built spot easy defend built stone rocky cliffs steep hills castle fort main tower castle called donjon word dungeon smaller towers number buildings inclosed high walls walls surrounded deep ditch moat filled water entrance castle drawbridge crossing moat drawbridge drawn chains enemies crossing attack guards towers defended gateway portcullis heavy bars lowered close gate portcullis enter castle roof balconies protected walls battlements openings points fighters stand battlements defend castle approaching enemy castles beautiful comfortable places live small windows rooms dark stone walls damp chilly summer windows hung heavy embroidered drapery called tapestry drafts tapestry woven bright colored patterns historical scenes adorned walls wear heavy woolen clothing
portuguese captain discovered south america accident ship captain cabral sailed india blown course storm cabral landed brazil claimed land portugal brazil explored settled portuguese brazil today speak portuguese spain took portugal ruled land sixty dutch attacked east indies conquered islands portuguese settled portugal regained independence regained place power portugal large colony brazil sought freedom portugal granted brazil independence unlike spanish colonies brazil won freedom fight spain portugal artists writers famous spain developed style building popular america europe early spanish settled brought spain sugar cane cotton oranges products remind daily spanish gifts patio courtyard idea building spaniards homes southwest built patios gardens fountains fine missions erected early spanish americans west built spanish style southwest ranchers spanish words expressions heard mustangs rodeos lassos lariats words horseback riding spanish spaniards brought horses america velasquez murillo spanish artists famous
england ruled queen elizabeth stood center city london tavern located bread street called mermaid tavern eat drink explorer sir walter raleigh playwright poet william shakespeare musicians playwrights poets london city works seen heard largest audiences think reasons writers actors artists poets gathered london flock london today think young attracted city sets pace musicians playwrights designers reason london fine location england place city london situated romans realized thousand ago built fort hill overlooking thames point river deep ocean going ships today goods shipped london port york city rotterdam netherlands think clothing shipped london large cities place begin london visit site roman walled town stood district mile square called city find dotted line outlines section map page city center money dealings britain
travelers eat evening meal london train night boat side north sea breakfast land belgium netherlands farther inland small country luxembourg smallest nations continent europe find belgium netherlands luxembourg map page part broad plain extends north central part europe plain sea level lands called low countries small part belgium sea level area protected dikes banks earth waters sea fourth netherlands water dikes fourth lies level waves parts belgium luxembourg lie higher land deep valleys cut luxembourg mountains northern part lowland north belgium flow main rivers rhine river called meuse french maas dutch rivers fine waterways ships carrying cargoes inland cities sea ancient times streams ocean ocean tides slowed river current mud clay rivers dropped bottom blocked water courses large stretches marshy land formed part europe called netherlands meaning lowlands called holland largest province
copenhagen built island danish peninsula sweden ships sailing north sea directly baltic narrow waterway hundreds denmark ship passed copenhagen pay tax avoid tax captains sailed ships channels west island tax removed copenhagen lost tax money continued prosperous today fourth denmark live copenhagen fine city beautiful suburbs suburbs homes stand plots land surrounded gardens grass trees european cities garden suburbs kind danish kings named christian middle denmark famous storyteller hans christian andersen stories known loved lands child hans lived gloomy father neglectful mother single room poor hans found happiness believe peopled fairies children fun awkward fellow big feet fourteen copenhagen seek successful generous friends school awhile hans began write stories children grownups loved stories wrote waterfront copenhagen stands bronze statue mermaid remind andersen stories famous stories ugly duckling gifted dane bertel thorwaldsen father woodcarver thorwaldsen learned skill chance art school won prizes
north indonesia south formosa lie philippine islands magellan discovered islands philippines later spaniards named islands honor young spanish prince philip ii king spain philippines mountainous islands partly volcanic extending thousand miles water entirely tropical regions thousand philippine islands philippines area size michigan times thickly populated million live islands land islands groups speak languages coming spaniards called filipinos filipinos small slender graceful hundred spain held islands filipinos roman catholics learned spanish united states took philippines war spain schools opened filipinos took advantage chance education today educated filipino speaks writes spanish english philippines rice growing climate plenty rain means rice grown filipinos rice important japan foods filipinos fish vegetables especially sweet potatoes bamboo sprouts sprouts cooked eaten asparagus pork favorite food northern end philippines luzon largest island group size kentucky airfields miles roads railroads luzon
important countries pacific ocean lie south equator southern hemisphere australia zealand north south america explored settled mass land southeast asia lay entirely unknown europeans thousands australia called continent size cut parts primitive lived stone age animals found dutch explorers learned large island south pacific called terra australia means southern land dutch later named land holland attract place live english officer captain james cook eastern coast holland took possession britain tract land called south wales sir joseph banks student botany science plants sir joseph found plants captain cook called harbor ship anchored botany bay later britain decided rid group lawbreakers sending country australia built settlement beautiful inlet sydney stands criminals later served terms obtained land began till soil built colony holland south wales english governor south wales mother colony daughter colonies victoria queensland
central africa begins sahara extends southward zambezi river covers fourths continent early central africa belonged european nations war ii republic liberia western part central africa ethiopia east independent today european colonies free end war ii thirty countries central africa independent find map page chart page central africa lies tropics grassland areas belt forests equator move south sahara desert region vegetation area called sahel south sahel grasslands grassy area called savanna savanna extends widest part africa arabs visited region early times called sudan geographical region sudan extends west coast africa ethiopia east begins dry lands south sahara libyan deserts extends wet lands equator place desert grasslands tufts grass shrubs thorny trees called acacias farther south trees grow larger numerous land looks park groves trees scattered lands covered tall grass finally reach tall trees hot wet lands equator thick steamy tropical forests stretch hundred miles side equator
found country lay foundations laid foundations united states began country hundred ago person special reason coming course adventure gold reasons freedom wanted freedom unjust laws unfair heavy taxes wanted freedom live peace safety freedom think pleased speak thoughts fear wanted freedom worship god wanted freedom liked choose wanted freedom improve living freedom study learn seeking kinds freedom settlers england spoke english brought english customs laws settlements called english colonies colonists subjects english king soon settlers countries holland germany france settled groups language customs settled english took courage leave country friends home set ocean place seen took courage deal hard home wilderness chop trees tear roots fields planted build houses took courage hard took operation operate means common purpose
leander younger brother jason walking athens crowded market place home school clisto slave carrying wooden tablets leander lyre rose hill acropolis temples statues rays setting sun lighted huge metal statue athena goddess wisdom favorite goddess athens glittered brightly point spear side square stretched covered porches athens gathered talk leander liked linger group hear looked forward part discussions scarcely saw talkers thoughts busy glow heart thrown discus heavy plate spinning straight master praised grace movement leander wanted strong skillful spear discus course wanted graceful moved real greek athlete graceful athletics build bodies strong beautiful break records thought leander allowed enter games athens knows bright dream rose mind dream field thousands watchers crowding hillside father olympic games leander imagination crowds excitement food sellers
birthday paulus flaccus paulus seventeen felt breathless excitement today put toga robe grown wore family holiday marcus flaccus father paulus senator important rome fellow citizens pay honor son relatives married brothers paulus families uncles cousins nearby towns household guests gathered early pleasant open court center house covered porch court slaves moved quietly quickly hearth sacred fire waved slender yellow ribbons paulus stood father presently senator lifted hand talking hushed flames pieces bread poured oil slender vase offerings lares protecting spirits home deep quiet voice sounded morning prayer blest days give especial thanks end prayer stopped speaking laid hand shoulder paulus paulus took step forward slim tall wearing tunic straight knee length garment worn bare arms carried tunic worn yesterday leaning laid hearth stood spoke slowly clearly lares fathers brought manhood lay tunic boyhood
emperors constantinople control barbarian tribes eastern europe control west western europe united roman emperors fell smaller regions ruled strongest barbarian chiefs thing western europe finally common thing christian religion christianity spread feudal kings nobles serfs held loyalty faith church pope nobles respect church rome obeyed pope bishops expect rude fighting church called catholic church word catholic means belonging church ways government western europe pope leader church barbarians crowded roman empire romans disturbed disorder fighting wanted peaceful ways god benedict started order society called monks rules monks lived group buildings known monastery promise vow marry obey question worked brothers spent prayer idea spread monasteries gradually appeared europe peaceful shut walls garden sheep cattle shops monks worked
read asia europe middle ages knew crusades began hear place learned fine silks spices jewels asia courageous dared travel eastward regions interesting travel story marco polo boy father uncle sailed constantinople decided constantinople visit countries beautiful things bought set east fourteen returned venice strange stories distant country call china stayed court khan surprised high civilization conquered china central asia pacific ocean westward black sea look map page vast empire khan kublai asked polo brothers return china marco polo seventeen persuaded father uncle started ship eastern shore mediterranean sea foot horseback asia traveled wide deserts fertile valleys climbed high lonely mountains guided dark bearded knew passes journey safe carried golden tablet kind ticket khan mongol ruler powerful protection traveler empire
rulers gave commands obeyed collected taxes money wanted hard pay countries serfs worked lands belonged lords money serfs began slowly freedom paid sum money lord longer hard save money payment serf free pay rent land money produced poor hungry miserable europe remember guilds taught operate making enforcing rules guild members chance practice operation governing towns laws chose officials important towns helped growth freedom towns deal breaking feudal system early feudal europe important classes nobles serfs towns grew larger busier townspeople important gradually formed class merchants guild leaders content privileges received town charters allowed govern towns soon saw nobles king ran country growing towns felt unfair wanted freedom wanted say votes taxes things
found farm lands netherlands find lands map sea level dutch took lands sea building dikes hold tides dikes broad banks rock sand gravel clay north sea sand hills dunes border coast dunes land distance lower sea level high tide sea broke dunes flooded land dunes dikes waves beat force blocks granite hard kind rock added pumped water low lying fields fields sea called polders fields rich fertile silt brought rivers western netherlands mile mile fine flat farming land stretches single hill slopes dikes leading bridges canals country crisscrossed canals lands low drained constantly pumps lift water field ditches canals main canals built sea level carry water north sea pumps worked windmills electric steam gasoline pumps fine grass grows polders means excellent grazing cows dairying important netherlands denmark black white holstein cattle milk producers holland dutch butter cheese famous condensed milk exported towns centers cheese industry
reading history france found boundaries helped look natural boundaries map north english channel west bay biscay part atlantic ocean southwest pyrenees mountains fence france spain southeastern coast france borders mediterranean alps guard italian border east north jura mountains rise france switzerland mountains continue northward gradually land level northeast find large opening france wall defense century german forces invaded france lowland region french rebuild cities restore ruined fields important neighbor countries live peace look carefully map show geography france helped bind country strong find hilly central plateau southern france hills northwest rest country covered plains mountain barriers divide part country find rivers helped bind country seine loire garonne rhone rivers connected canals plains cover france easy build roads canals railroads helped unite easy transport goods part country looking map france faces atlantic sea route europe americas
karl believe sitting pilothouse siren chugging rhine wanted karl lived village switzerland city basel karl uncle factory basel dyes interesting place visit karl liked river front basel liked boats puffing docks steamed importantly longed ride rhine river uncle told arrange al braun river letter basel week friday rhine al trip days school karl talked teacher yes teacher riding geography give map write bring report class pilothouse siren front boat hold storehouse ship full boxes packages cheese chocolate dyes fertilizer going river northern cities pilothouse box windows sides river flowed level plain passed green fields meadows neat farmhouses distance sides rose mountains left shore belonged france mountains farther
hot baghdad hot dusty rex grant mind interesting inn stayed partly ground level cool hot summer months screens windows woven green twigs swung loose top wet cooled air night sleeping mats spread flat roof inn roof pleasant place sleep stars big overhead faint warm breeze drifted grant conferences businessmen guide rex explored city camera wanted pictures home mosques blue gold domes turrets mother bridge tigris built boats wouldn friends wonder narrow streets twisted low mud brick houses crowded donkeys bicycles ragged awnings stretched roof roof streets rex soon realized helped shield hot summer sun dates wool carpets jewelry goods sold busy bazaars market places rex took picture public letter writer modern part city lovely homes surrounded groves orange trees palms days rex baghdad wasn baghdad arabian nights going asked father evening dinner drive country
iran afghanistan locate plateau map pages western part half plateau occupied kingdom iran persia rulers persia strong conquered countries ruled empire reached egypt lands southwest asia greece remember reading persian xerxes fleet army tried conquer greece lose fleet salamis nearly birth christ later alexander marched eastward conquered persia forgotten story turn chapter read rugged mountain ranges wall river valleys iraq west south persian gulf gulf oman mountains south extend shore narrow strip coast land dry barren north mountains slope caspian seacoast fertile beautiful part iran center iran high plain flat broken mountains rimmed high ranges studying plateaus surprised learn arid country hot dry summer bitter cold winter grows irrigation moisture comes winter snow mountains spring snow melts streams flow mountains valleys streams large flow dry hot bright summer sun sink thirsty soil disappear
problem appears line dividing pakistan india cuts rivers supply water irrigation upper part river india lower part pakistan pakistan claims water rivers india turning part water irrigation canals countries agreement share water lives millions country depend rivers punjab jhelum follow river himalayas reach beautiful valley lower slopes hills mountains terraced fruit trees river dotted flower covered islands houseboats vale kashmir beauty spots famous wood carving weaving beautiful shawls kashmir happy place today uneasy dissatisfied trade fallen tourists kashmir areas soldiers encamped future kashmir settled belong pakistan india threatened china confused divided region large missouri oklahoma combined republic india independent rajasthan divided twenty states states ruled native princes called rajahs princes power states democratic send representatives government republic india land rough hilly northwest lies desert southeast fertile lands rain falls grow crops
tell ahmed father henri hope someday engineer cartier government planning soon supervisors oil industry algerians cartier setting projector show slide pictures family neighbors engineer supervisor busy oil center desert algeria hard dry heat desert cartier home france rest months think ready turning light adjusting picture lighted screen nearby oasis town screen tall palm trees rows casting shade pictures mud walled square buildings narrow streets wide baggy trousers flowing robes women carried baskets heads children dogs ahmed henri cartier pointing tall lad attracted attention enjoyed talking going school belonged family nomads wandering herdsmen school asked henri asked nomads let sons school remained oasis help care date palms family graze herds sheep goats gather ripe dates ahmed helped irrigation palms pictures trees gardens grow shade palms
train rumbled southward mountains kamoya tired settled seat yawn sitting spoke train left farm morning kamoya going nairobi tired farm want job city asked exactly replied kamoya job farm need learn going school big farm asked father fifty acres ago ten family helps care farm younger folks school times government agents advice government loaned money seed fertilizer machinery neighbor farmers share machines market crops father getting government help buy land fine interested mukiri government nairobi raise corn kamoya tea plants girls pick tea leaves animals sheep cattle want brother farm learn ways kamoya brother burudi older learned lot farming crop rotation pests things worked wambugu farm big place teach farmers methods turn learn seventeen finished town school nearest high school science
hilltop parts africa countries occupy differ ways say true africa africa africas remember diversity race northern africa berbers arabs egyptians blacks europeans south africa dutch british asians millions blacks central africa chiefly blacks hundreds tribal groups characteristics customs differ diversity government countries dependent angola mozambique governed overseas provinces portugal ruled king advisory council cabinet morocco libya ruler ethiopia called emperor countries elected prime minister nigeria honorary governor general representing queen england commonwealth nations ghana republic electing president parliament future government uncertain algeria egypt supposed republics dictators diversity economy living dry grasslands raise livestock crops meet bare needs rainforest areas gulf guinea cacao produced quantity export bauxite aluminum mined exported countries depend entirely agriculture malawi farmers raise tea tobacco cotton regions mining industries south africa zambia zaire copper belt
boys girls photograph opposite remarkable thing kind living creature think fact remarkable thing reading kind living thing remarkable thing read learned read things kind living creature learn kinds living things learn remarkable ability learn makes kinds living things remarkable ability probe learn barn swallows building nest picture marked square gather mud plaster wall sheltered spot strengthen mud twigs shape line inside nest feathers unusual barn swallows matter soon learn shape model barn swallow nest mud twigs matter model nest learned barn swallows beat barn swallows build nests learning build perfect nest learning suppose arithmetic spelling history science learn things perfectly born learning try investigation opposite page blinking act perform learn
today blink eyelids times aware today heart beat thousands times aware heart beating breathed thousands times aware breathing think heartbeat breathing blinking eyelids think activities going inside body remember tying shoelaces morning remember tie shoelaces think tie laces thinking perform act thinking act automatic beating heart automatic act blinking automatic act breathing yawning sneezing coughing automatic acts acts reflexes reflexes automatic mean automatic acts reflexes tying shoelaces reflex think moment able tie shoelaces birth course tying shoelace inborn reflex automatic tying shoelace learned automatic act kind act learned automatic act habit tying shoelaces habit simple habit difference reflex simple habit reflex inborn automatic act habit learned automatic act simple habits important thing save deal think tie shoelaces getting dressed
plant bean seed soil give sunlight air water seed grow plant plant produce blossoms seeds happen environment bean plant grow water top mount everest grow dry desert cactus plant bean plant adapted special environment habitat kinds plants adapted habitats mountaintops deserts oceans order grow plant habitat plant instance depends habitat supply water substances soil sunlight plants environment substances environment add substances environment change environment big change environment bean plant looks plant grown plants bean plant change environment greatly change makes plant takes substances air water soil energy sun plant decays environment substances energy energy stored food plant makes food eaten animals animals energy give substances environment rest part animal true plants true animals
earth thousands riches earth crust thousand begun riches learning surroundings environment goes learning change environment partnership science technology think animals plants animal plant live environment suppose environment colder instance move animal plant musteither adapt environment die extinct change environment change environment suit needs live water live space learning control environment change learning discoveries build knowledge knowledge build concepts concepts build technology control environment ideas build tools machines materials course early learning control environment early fed earth plants animals clothed animals skins discovered fire learned burn wood learned cook food early earth food gatherer stone hand axes clubs tipped spears stone spearheads ten thousand ago learned tame animals dog traveled soon animals horse camp learned plant seeds order grow plants liked eat
rabies disease killed person bitten dog rabies person died rabies boy named joseph meister bitten dog rabies joseph dead thought french chemist named louis pasteur strange idea thought tiny living things small germs caused rabies thought germs caused diseases idea weakened disease germs injected person body body produced substances destroyed germs pasteur experimented rabies saved animals disease injections tried injections human beings try joseph meister faced possibility saving inject joseph meister joseph lived pasteur ideas idea germs tools microscope conquer disease unit pasteur brains hands concepts tools change environment lengthen sour milk tip medicine dropper milk sour sour milk full tiny organisms living things fact single drop milk fall organisms united states organisms milk small seen eye organisms called microorganisms seen microscope fairly powerful microscope microscope magnifies tiny objects makes look times larger
enemy story virus bacterium viruses type invisible killer virus smaller bacterium picture shows viruses small live inside bacteria bacteria live inside bacteria ordinary microscope viruses small seen special kind microscope electron microscope invented joseph meister read page suffering virus rabies caused viruses kinds viruses influenza viruses look tiny spheres shown pictures enemy virus polio disease called look picture villain polio virus multiplies large numbers attacks nerves lead muscles nerves carry impulses muscles brain spinal cord nerves affected impulses reach muscles muscles move picture shows healthy nerve cell attacked polio virus polio virus strikes nervous system result muscles muscles paralyzed useless virus attacks young adults franklin delano roosevelt president united states crippled polio young led country wheelchair virus attacks nerve cells leading leg muscles
think form wheel axle toothed wheels called gear wheels large blue gear wheel turned handle small yellow gear wheel turns axle small gear wheel course wheel place axle happens gear wheels turn turn large gear wheel makes small gear wheel turn say small gear wheel turns fast large let happens count teeth large gear wheel find small gear wheel teeth turn large gear wheel makes teeth gear wheels connected teeth small gear wheel small gear wheel teeth teeth small wheel turn turn large gear wheel makes small gear wheel turn speed multiplier gear wheel speed multiplier operated count teeth gear wheels able figure speed multiplied large gear wheel eggbeater teeth small wheel teeth suppose large wheel makes turn teeth teeth small wheel number teeth turns small gear wheel
simple machines levers inclined planes wheels axles pulleys relatives wedges screws blocks tackles course able machines knew able operate doorknob knew wheel axle simple machine multiplying effort knew lift heavier end seesaw knew seesaw lever pulleys inclined planes giving thought thought matter knew machines point studying understand machines scientists understand hidden likenesses lie looking devices find concepts tell likenesses simple machines concept force moves object distance scientists say push end lever move force distance load end lever rises force moves distance words put lever put holds true lever levers holds true levers inclined planes wheels axles pulleys combinations varieties things imagined
airplane fly easy answer wings course question wing fly answer question easy airplanes birds flying wing lift plane mysterious force find mysterious force try investigation opposite page blow apples hanging don move farther expect move apples rest move mean force acting apples force blowing apples mysterious force apples hanging motionless force acting force gravity pulling apples course exactly balanced force string pulling forces acting apples force air pressure pushing sides apples instance force air pressure pushing equally sides apple happens blow apples expect blow apples air pressure apples decreases smaller arrows suggest pressure apple unchanged large pressure apples decreased apples forced swiss scientist named daniel bernoulli solved puzzle bernoulli investigated behavior fluids substances flow liquids gases fluids
special kind radio hear police signals police cars radios enable send receive messages police station police cars cars radio telephones common cars homes saved lives ways radio waves save lives ship trouble sea sos broadcast ship radio warnings storms tornadoes hurricanes floods broadcast radio receiving messages space means radio transmitters satellites send information conditions space temperature amount light amount radiation information need live astronauts going outer space need environments encounter radio saves lives enables explore outer space entertains radio smaller place radio things happened places remote happens side speed light radio town television introducing neighbors quick look cameras equipment television station tells sending pictures radio waves simple
liquid poured test tube dangerous handled mechanical hands operated distance heavy shield thick walls special glass makes liquid dangerous atoms small means breaking atom breaks fires smaller particles rays incredible energy damage living things repair strange energy atom found oddly story begins thousand ago think idea atom poem written ago tells things greek named leucippus democritus talked atoms ago idea small piece matter bit copper cut copper half smaller pieces cut half cut half suppose cutting copper smaller smaller piece longer according leucippus democritus finally tiny bit copper cut half smallest piece copper building block copper absolutely hard solid particle matter unsplittable indivisible atom atom greek word indivisible matter leucippus democritus atoms kinds
suggest idea shoot protons nucleus atom stick couldn atom changed directly likely proton bullets obtained protons nuclei hydrogen atoms nucleus single proton seen nucleus helium atom helium atom protons strip nucleus helium atom electrons bullet called alpha particle suppose alpha particle shot nucleus lithium atom think result predict result nucleus atomic number atom boron result atomic bullets neutron proton alpha particle problem protons bullets electricity proton carries charge electricity remember positive charge positive charge approaches positive charge repel charges electricity repel positively charged proton approaches positively charged protons nucleus repelled overcome repulsion proton tremendous speed hurled nucleus remember proton smaller atom atom small seen expect machine hurling protons small machine hurling protons picture idea size type proton hurling machine cyclotron
ago chinese astronomers thought saw star born bright star appeared bright star shone modern astronomers studied kind star star dim star suddenly brighter think stars unchanging brightness star suddenly brighter answer clue elements put centuries thought stars stars called star nova means latin stuck happening inside nova remember stars slowly atoms hydrogen process fusion process takes place sun stars happen star energy fusion hydrogen recall atoms hydrogen fuse form helium matter changed energy page star hydrogen change hydrogen helium continues hydrogen left happen according hypothesis happens slowly millions millions hydrogen millions star huge sun diameter miles volume tremendous million times greater earth volume hydrogen helium increases expect helium increase fusion takes place deep inside star temperature high reaction place
dark clear night look skies stars search polaris north star ships aircraft guided north star look stars sky charts moon move predictable path sun stay change differently galaxy milky whirling skies star sun moving planet earth moving evidence tells galaxies stars moving clear moving change taking place universe remains moment ago disturb movements stars fact scientists predict stars tells movements regular uniform movements orderly isaac newton discovered law tells stars continue motion remain orbit newton law gravitation explains objects space attract laws scientist stated tried find universe laws enable understand events revolution moon earth scientific laws help predict events gregor mendel laws heredity help explain plants animals inherit traits understanding newton law universal gravitation predict happens spaceship approaches moon
let look closely investigation put purpose investigation unit book serve suppose want look bread mold microscope grow bread mold piece white bread expose air half hour bread mold spores air fall bread put drops water bread put closed jar jar warm place days mold appears look microscope page wonder question occurs mold grow light dark question calls investigation slices bread divide slice equal parts jars caps put piece bread jar add ten drops water piece bread cap jars tightly put dark closet light days find mold light growing mold dark evidence conclude mold grows light hold moment temperature temperature dark temperature light suppose temperature mold higher light greater growth caused higher temperature light want find light makes mold grow control temperature
southern mesopotamia land tigris euphrates rivers mesopotamia means rivers land actually created rivers thousands ago persian gulf extended inland mesopotamia marsh waters rivers sea streams carried soil mountains hills north soil deposited flat plains mesopotamia marsh began shrink dry land appeared land mesopotamia minerals wood stone summer dry winds blow miles plains fill air choking dust blazing sun scorches living thing winter sudden downpour turn sand mud land dry spring snows fallen northern mountain ranges begin melt waters swell tigris euphrates overflow banks land flooded waters leave deposits rich coarse soil nearby marshes filled reeds fish waterfowl plants marshes grow green coming summer bleakness returns rivers return normal level waters drain land dry desert remains land mesopotamia flat land mounds dirt rise plain mounds called tells tells formed remains collapsed houses buildings ancient mesopotamia built mud brick mud house lasted average rain natural finally wore
miles tell al archeologists found large group tells site ur millennium ur cities southern mesopotamia land called sumer lived sumerians group archeologists spent months digging site ur digging uncovered huge cemeteries royalty common archeologists dug graves grave commoner hole earth measuring feet feet body side sleep hands brought front face holding drinking bowl clay copper stone weapons tools pottery found body royal graves rooms stone brick passageway leading king grave archeologists found skeletons soldiers copper helmets heads spears lying sides skulls broken remains wooden wheeled carts skeletons oxen harnessed drivers bones lay carts wall entrance tomb lay bodies women wearing headdresses jewelry gold lapis lazuli appears royal person died accompanied grave members court archeologists say died bones crushed decayed show death general position bodies clue
largest stone tombs archeologists uncovered panels mosaic lapis lazuli shell wooden background disintegrated tiny pieces inlay positions loose falling stones bent twisted panels pieces inlay sunk ground wood decayed removed pieces square inch section waxed soon cleared dirt pieces waxed cloth cloth glass glass warmed wax melted pieces pushed appeared standard ur city archeologists uncovered narrow winding streets lined remains brick houses house built central courtyard rooms house opened courtyard houses alike special purpose archeologists gave names streets numbers houses track buildings found especially interesting number broad street doorways rooms house courtyard bricked doorway opening directly street wall courtyard clay tablets sumerian writing found building contained school exercises religious texts dealt history contained math problems multiplication tables house number street doorways side courtyard bricked rooms part house door
moment al thought call prayer echoing empire bay biscay indus aral sea nile names allah muhammad ring looked palace gardens green quietly resemble huge emerald facets catch sunlight explode brilliant streams color lost moment perfume flowers watched wind ruffle water pool thought al grace allah ruler syria muslims happened islam muhammad died decided successors muhammad called caliphs chosen leaders quraish clans abu bakr muhammad closest friend caliph bedouin tribes loyalty abu bakr islam allegiance muhammad died felt longer bound rules islam refused pay taxes abu bakr appointed general bring islam battles fought died tribes surrendered abu bakr knew thing defeat tribes loyal decided organize armies let profit part islam conquer neighboring lands marched sheikhs muslim generals command sheikhs tribes marched syria palestine iraq warriors added muhammad kingdom
al roused daydreams problems deal today tribe settled north lebanon rise islam conducting raids syrian towns villages collected group outlaws unbelievers help waging war muslim army al father preferred buy send large numbers troops lebanon al refused pay money destroy gates palace city damascus beginning stir faithful answering call prayer entered mosque removing shoes covering heads entered carried ritual washing face hands arms elbows feet ankles finally hair head prayer leader began pray al spent income taxes mosque shiploads gold silver cyprus mosque costly camels needed carry records spent construction al refused look records truly spent allah account mosque worship west minaret religious leaders teachers studied koran traditions islam foundation muslim law passed young muslims mosque school male children swayed reciting koran classroom teacher telling students ideas islam
streets aleppo miles north damascus streets began fill days camel caravan returned bringing goods china india persia africa spain russia scandinavia goods displayed blaze color aleppo market brilliant awnings covered market stalls beneath awnings gathered sun tanned bedouin flowing robes heads covered shawls women veils faces crossed streets looked bazaar latticed windows homes wealthy silken robes rode streets horseback clutching swords sides peasants brought produce sell exchange goods villages merchants baggy trousers heavy turbans red pointed shoes served stall craftsman hammered gold necklaces cushions wove silk threads fine cloth tradesman sold vessels eating drinking neighboring stall sold wooden tables inlaid mother pearl syrian merchant put magnificent persian carpets display hunting garden scenes woven rugs fine member caliph family expect purchase splendid merchandise streets food vendors walked calling food sweet tooth young warm stomach cold roast meat fruits vegetables cheeses olives piled high stalls odors hundred spices sweet smells incense rose sherbert greeted nostril throne room palace damascus al sat cross richly embroidered cushions
daud rose sleepily sun filled crowded room house farm haifa nearby village yusuf daud son attended school yusuf house late school sister mariam busy helping mother laundry clean house daud promised teacher yusuf late promise half hearted live difficult lives run lives ticking clocks need feel places need feel machines live lives daud remembered yemen arabs lived desert traveled peacefully land small nomadic tribes daud chose live cities craftsmen boys family father occupation girls taught wives stay home law attend school schools daud felt easy felt sad longer existed family daud slipped bed put brightly colored robe reached small wooden table picked silver necklace native yemen put felt silver swirls deep blue lapis stones set delicate care loved beautiful craftmanship handmade things looked tiny room hand
daud wanted leave yemen loved israel established nation fierce fighting broke arabs israelis arabs felt israelis stolen land israelis felt defending ancient homeland talk arabs attacking jews town yemen daud began think dangerous remain zionist palestine town warned jews dangers staying told land awaited jewish nation daud hesitant leaving told operation magic carpet transportation airlift remembered words prophet isaiah wait lord mount wings eagles end airlift jew yemen brought israel fact israel population doubled immigration jews arabic countries jewish population entirely european israel founding half middle eastern age daud arrived israel hope settling land jew problem expected practice craft silversmith handmade jewelry loved demand daud lived refugee camp trained construction laborer attended government school taught hebrew language israel moved haifa met married yemeni woman daud construction job
zvi walked father haim top small grassy hill overlooking kibbutz sat silently carved stone bench haim began speak palestine son zvi watch silent night barren valley valley barren longer huge citrus groves wheat fields stretch miles nights longer silent noise kibbutz changed zvi looked kibbutz saw adult dwellings constructed play areas children modern museum contained objects told history jews air raid shelter distance saw small factory zvi laughed thought kibbutzniks farmers children zvi looked father dedicated israel spirit sacrifice father liked think practical dreamer left kibbutz enter army serving army decided return kibbutz industry wave future israel farming thought kibbutz modernizing zvi continued happier living houses dormitories think things improving lot haim thought beginning kibbutz hard sense equality part lives things improved maybe changed sadly
early sure stop pain tried ways tried praying gods funny things wearing rings noses parts animals frighten evil spirits interestingly part kind animal fight pain early ate animal parts put bodies believed animal parts eased pain stronger beginning felt pain looked ways rid knives saws found skeleton bones caves early shows operated let demons evil spirits escape body imagine pain early patients suffered crude operations stop pain knock patient unconscious operated brave patient tied held bench table friends unconscious watch knife began cut flesh bone move scream lucky fainted think pain ear rushing doctor imagine pain undergo operation picture find clothing makeup funny saw television movies sing strange sounding songs wild looking dances
tried drugs course doctors drugstores learn drugs animals noticed animals ate plants ill mysteriously wanted magic felt sick decided eat plants magic happened plants drove demons bodies step medicines parts plants called herbs herbs worked idea magic today food eat comes plants early parts plants grew food discovered plants strange things inside bodies plants began drugs believe early knew treat heart disease modern scientists discovered leaves purple foxglove plant drug called digitalis kind heart ailment digitalis tell drug helps small amount heart able beat strongly foxglove plant dried leaves drug grandfather boy drugs leaves roots seeds plants plant parts dried ground powders maybe word drug thought dutch word droog means dry
early system drugs drug worked thought worked gave course patient sicker dead mistakes thought knew drugs knew strength drugs amount drug needed result died wrong drug took chief drugs label let pretend body fortress fort surrounded enemies trying storm gates inside consider gates opening body enemy called bacteria germs disease sickness brought germs mouth cut skin enemy called pain fall bruise black blue mark enemies attack force body fight hard rid prevent enemy getting fortress course call help drugs rescue remember entered school remember visit school doctor afraid cry shot knew going wonder shot cry
pink pill answer feeling depressed sad low spirit pink pill friends telling heavy getting middle pink pill homework assignments getting find asleep complete try pink pill easy remember relax diet stay awake pep energy pink pill need doctor give prescription ask pep pills doctor ask pharmacist amphetamines need information amphetamines pick phone call station ask drugs commercial sound believe commercial drugs true amphetamines things things drugs deliberately purposely left suppose course job sell pink pill find drugs left unsaid gave clue told ask doctor prescribe amphetamines learn restricted drugs remember drugs dangerous dangerous amphetamines pep pill amphetamines awake give extra pep energy give feeling happen body reactions responds things likely slow jittery jumpy
barbiturates valuable prescribed doctor care prescribe treat insomnia high blood pressure help find treat kinds mental sickness relax patients operations happens person takes small amount feels friendly relaxed relaxed reactions slow longer think quickly happens person takes barbiturates grouchy gloomy wants fight acts drunk sways side side walks trouble speaking understood gradually falls deep sleep large dose coma unconscious sleep person help immediately doctor die barbiturates lead tolerance physical dependence tolerance tolerance results larger larger doses barbiturates needed person feel calm physical dependence physical dependence occurs body barbiturates getting sick kind addiction stopping pills dangerous person nervous headaches develop twitching muscles unable sleep feel nauseous sick stomach hallucinations taking pills suddenly convulsions death important withdrawal barbiturates supervised doctor
curtain opens marijuana heroin amphetamines barbiturates things important affect read discussed listened heard going decisions constantly let kid affected decisions irreplaceable overdose drugs kill love surely saddened goes lives continue feel experience part affected decision dead chance coming think decision destroy offers play drugs answer tried read written spanish french italian spanish french italian impossible story written language special language language drug abuse think read conversation talk want parts dramatize aloud class read translate give meaning glossary words phrases happening baby
high sky raven sees dr lorenz leaves krackrackrack calls greeting krackrackrack doctor answers raven swoops sky perches doctor shoulder continues walk woods say hello dr lorenz explains ravens wild geese wild goose overhead honks friendly call doctor looks recognizes martin goose broken wing feather knows goose raised egg knows wing feather broken upstairs bedroom martin gander flown room martina goose wife frightened finding strange room martin flew chandelier broke wing feather chandelier dr lorenz shielding eyes sun hand watches martin wing sky knows soon martin turn home gander greet front door neck outstretched goose dog wagging tail jackdaw acts puppy dr lorenz jackdaw friends flies goes bicycle lorenz home garden living zoo freedom cement living zoo members doctor companions subjects study experiment think mother fact mothered dr lorenz eggs graylag goose incubator hatched newborn goslings feathers wet began look mother
eat wear buy streets land house live rain wind snow sea stars days measured weighed counted ways measuring counting variety things endless single thing measured weighed dozen ways suppose ran lumberyard seaport lumber measured board feet board foot foot foot wide inch thick re dealing lumber looks pretty easy buy hickory logs logger south carolina start figure board feet re baffled logs round learn system finding number board feet shipment round logs arrange logs brought port rail discover logs figured board feet hundredweight pay freight hundred pounds going ship logs abroad pay ocean freight pay ton suppose logs landed le havre france pay dock rent weight board feet area space logs wharf frenchman ordered logs comes measure country metric system care thing board feet
worst question end chief leaned forward slightly asked elected spend weeks village plan faraway island spend months atmosphere tense hastily arranged nouns verbs alibis head answered breathlessly lordship planned seen village turtle shark relaxed muttered proper courtesy answer saved months makelita continued careful study fifty girls lived coastal villages island tau archipelago girls makelita cultivated sugar cane brought coral rubble seashore sprinkle floor wove garlands flowers danced chanting voices soft clapping hands twilight walked barefoot sandy beaches fishing night torchlight ate taro green banana baked hot ashes ate eel land crabs raw tuitui fish tasted custard amazement rotten fish delicious expensive cheese fact couldn believe rotten found taking bite sure makelita filled page page notebook details girls families spent days nights friends thought growing getting married drew sketches notebook show pattern traced bark cloth eel trap
langston hughes born joplin missouri mother stenographer constantly search kind wanted home periods father mother minds lived boy live grandmother lawrence kansas midwest typical average negro child section country early days mother found job secretary negro lawyer downtown white section topeka kansas langston took room office wanted give opportunities tried enrolled school nearby school authorities refused child grounds families negroes lived area white school negroes attend schools built side railroad tracks langston mother grandmother grandfather fought free burning indignation parent offspring injured walked offices school board daring gesture negro parts told demanded due citizen school board astounded audacity langston admitted harrison street school occasion gang boys gathered waited langston school appeared larger boys yanked midst began shoving frightened boy side side ring formed
imperial theatre rio de brazil grandest opera house evening june sounded bullfight arena shouting stamping shook theater chandeliers yells nasty remarks bombarded stage exploding firecrackers backstage members touring italian opera company huddled conference silence mob front start opera racket growing louder minute crowd furious leopoldo miguez brazilian conductor refused direct opera miguez members opera company disagreed production operas brazilian tour claudio rossi manager arranged tour decided ahead performance aida happened asked assistant conductor direct opera rossi realized strong feelings rio audience theater hear aida honor countryman leopoldo miguez uproar broke assistant conductor appeared night mounted podium repeatedly raised baton orchestra opening bars drowned noise finally threw baton disgust glared audience stomped backstage crowd quieted sat waiting step rossi appeared stage wanted explain italians side story confident audience permit show heard shouts crowd retreat backstage refused give called chorus master ordered conduct opera quiet mild mannered chorus master dared argue manager
george bellows lucky arrive york need study find needed country works masters studied paintings brought america museums built house young lived ymca studying painting spent playing basketball swimming dancing students parties girl named emma louise story class knew met marry girl father objected course youth look type imagined artist football player strong husky feet doubt healthy appetite house dinner artist art women objection daughter taking lessons school art amuse hear choosing artist husband george bellows knew wanted set shortstop baseball team ohio artist york husband emma story wait busy accomplished study art school moved ymca opened studio
greeks romans built civilizations mighty kingdoms flourished parts africa ancient kingdoms valley nile river south egypt area call sudan egyptians called region nubia ancient hebrews greeks knew land mentioned bible land kush kings kush put stone slabs called steles public places steles carved stories important happenings reigns story based stele erected king named piankhy throne ruled death stele tells piankhy twenty reign invaded egypt conquered returned country reign peace stele tells deal piankhy conquests kind firm passion justice mercy warrior struck swiftly hard fighting sake conquered egypt plunder treasure filled temples conquerors days protected showed unusual generosity beaten foes piankhy comes lucky accident piankhy egyptian army officer duty sudan happened spot piankhy conquest stele smaller steles copied writing famous expert egyptian history frenchman named edouard mariette mariette quickly recognized importance ordered steles cairo study translate inscriptions
invention writing words spoke disappeared thin air sounds recovered modern scientists brought words ago floated silence rebuilt language written spoken thousand lost language european modern word detectives tracking capturing learned deal spoke found european homeland banks rivers elbe oder rivers germany vistula river poland hard farmed living glaciers ice age bulldozed land soil thin poor families shift constantly place place looking fields plant grain pastures cattle find grass children lived permanent homes fathers mothers stone tools places learned copper bronze northern farmers patiently put satisfied stay poor land labor endlessly fashioned tools took stone battle axes searching kind wealth raids carried loot strong backs loaded wagons drawn oxen soon captured horses richer neighbors raiders rode battle drove war chariots attacked prosperous towns move raiders spread outward direction european homeland
scholars thought guess idea patiently collected clues missing language studied living spoke studied written words figured words sounded ancient times produced surprising results showed regular laws governed sounds changed laws language knew rules find ancient talk sounded word detectives began backward language sound trails past found trails lead direction jones suspected able close language existed ago relatives reached india europe called european groups brother sister words gathered studied piece single word parent group adding word word scholars built vocabulary discovery european words put tell original european lived scholars agreed european language word beech tree meant european place beech trees grew beech trees grow thousand ago answer scientists study plants detectives found clue trace path parent words important plants animals found asia africa southern europe
creature moves stealthily amazon river forests lives preying jungle hope survival outwit natural enemies deer speed monkey agility striking power jaguar native indian foot arrows blowguns poisonous darts builds cunningly concealed traps deadfalls sign danger freezes stillness indian knows pay merest twitch eyelid hundred known tribes amazon river region fifty languages spoken tribes shy distrustful strangers dart shadows green twilight chavantes fierce head hunters defend territory savagely intruders known tribes live stone age lower delta amazon river indians touch outsiders friendlier known living tribes advanced arts crafts jivaros civilized tribes live upper reaches amazon skilled agriculture raising livestock hunters need fierce fighters olden days took heads slain enemies secret process shrank size orange preserving heads enemies jivaros believed preserved power wisdom dead today ancient practice prohibited law differences dress indian tribes
ahead walked gorky street moscow avenue mild winter teenagers wore identical gray karakul hats identical heavy wool coats fur collars boys arguing doubt firmly chevrolet clearly superior ford thing power opinion replied friend knows ford faster boys walked street happily chatting spattering conversation names american cars mispronounced obviously trying impress knowledge boys bright healthy fed looked difference clothing language fitted american high school class russian children start school age guessed pair eighth ninth grade walking narrow side street block gorky street deepening winter twilight saw dozen teen agers straggling small hill suddenly fight broke moment fists flew caught flash knife upraised hand boy fell ground twinkling fled fallen youngster victim gang russians call gooligani word comes term hooligan russia alphabet letter hooligan gooligan means thing young roughneck say teen age gangster spent newspaper russia visited soviet schools
tribe word suggest cities brings mind group thatched huts steaming depths rain forest thousands villages tribesmen live west africa cities bursting bustling american european city african cities grow eyes look outlines change huts added edges high buildings center town paved roads stretch forests plains stream tribesmen content live depths forests heard stories bright lights buildings touch sky jobs pay money buy row gleaming row goods fill shops young americans heard similar stories left farms cities west african villagers cities belong tribe children born city seen tribal village parents tell proudly hausa fanti mandingo west african cities try hard forget tribe cities move exciting places west african cities differences american european cities things common crowds color noise things newcomer notices streets jammed small european cars taxis dart big chauffeur driven american cars carrying high government officials rich businessmen huge trucks called lorries creak loads bananas yams kola nuts firewood picked trips country bush called
charles drew waited week interview dr scudder desk corridor door director research opposite laboratory white coated young women doors steady stream laboratory doors swung open charley tantalizing glimpses huge room hope haven felt neglected dr scudder inviting tall looking newcomer office re pretty swamped idea dr drew charley express hope undertake research collection storing blood busy scientist waiting answer haven settled definite tell looking examine matter blood banks weeks later charles drew sharing dr scudder office dozen laboratory assistants command occasional morning surgery days spent laboratory nights spent study charley retraced story blood transfusions centuries discovery landsteiner giant step discovery blood groups karl landsteiner actively planning projects tracking latest mystery blood called rh factor regularly laboratory presbyterian dr drew landsteiner samples blood left experiments months carefully checked experiments charley presented ideas committee blood betterment association doctors listened carefully end drew presentation asked questions voted funds months experiment collection preservation actual stored blood dr john scudder advisor laboratory experiments
louis mission blind obsession past winter louis felt burden darkness study geometric shapes father cut leather scraps harness shop making rows circles squares triangles rectangles bed blanket hoped shapes possibly substituted alphabet letters letters decided invention eyes fingers alphabet complicated easily understood touch intricate lines curves letters embossed blind person oversized form louis told find sort shapes symbols easier fingers understand fit space larger tip thumb geometric designs appeared fine substitute letter circle letter represented square discovered shapes circles rectangles triangles squares needed twenty designs climbing top staircase louis turned hall reading room morning waited chance reexamine writing slate stylus reading room table dr pignier told stay indoors recess period reading room patterns dashes dots pages code dr pignier explained
catherine pushed stool started stairs say upset asked distress thick candle cupboard wavering glints stairway monique answered catherine tired don think home today leave leaning stone banister catherine peered garret smoothing skirts slowly walked table boy anymore flatly impress awareness simon rene answered gentle summer knows fight battles rest meal eaten silence occasional giggle whisper small children monique cleared table dishes louis stiffly stairs say apple mama barn mother stood looking room night pressed blackly low window tired child wisely tucked bed eyes took quick nod husband head chose large apple platter table habit polished ruby red fruit hem apron moved staircase give son villagers passed harness shop summer stopped fuss lanky blond headed boy sat steps father
tale tells camel hump beginning animals beginning animals camel lived desert want chewed sticks shrubs spoke camel humph horse camel morning bit mouth horse neighed camel camel rest humph camel horse told presently dog camel stick mouth dog barked camel camel rest humph camel dog told presently ox camel yoke neck ox lowed camel camel rest humph camel ox told end called horse dog ox sorry humph thing desert going leave harder angry talked rim desert camel chewing twig laughed humph
island oki ancient times lived hare longed mainland wished live island oki small boring hare sat beach looking longingly water mainland sat crocodile lifted head water looked hungrily hare stare king hares hare manners king hares crocodile laughable show foolishness hare answered rule hares crocodiles mainland silly crocodile idea hidden water yes compared number hares obey crocodile shouted anger foolish hare crocodiles swim sea scream fear let hare crocodile water short crocodiles top water rose water covered crocodile rose hare choke words seen crocodiles hare seen crocodiles hares lie crocodile crocodiles count crocodiles hares tell friends move closely begin
days later court paper put town case baker anna paper read judge tomorrow anna bring court hundred silver coins anna thought saw court paper don silver coins night woman street knocked anna door handed anna bag coins thank dear friend anna found guilty pay pay woman coins friends joined give don worry paying anna pay takes morning courtroom filled judge quieted baker rise tell side case baker feet taking eyes bag money anna hands spoke worked hard judge bake finest breads lightest cakes morning anna opens window sniffs wonderful smells ovens fair baker ask judge fair hard neighbor anna sits window enjoys wonderful smells free judge looked baker shook head fair paid judge listened word think paid baker baker smiled judge think hundred silver coins
clever woman named elsa lived land baffia baffia ruled king named herbert king bad habit admit wrong king baffia loved king herbert couldn stand habit wrong show elsa thought chance try early morning drawings castle king elsa called understand king able help problems chance king herbert heard puffing proudly course help king wrong thank elsa problems easy admit freely answer fear king herbert problem elsa night send children rooms sleep morning tell climbed stairs night top walking wearies silly king herbert stairs top stair drawing stairs elsa show top stair king herbert taking drawing elsa king stared
buried treasure special story tell story stranger treasure oak island treasure buried waiting dug hundred digging treasure succeeded finding today sure buried oak island treasure discovered boys rowed oak island small island east canada hill shore found hole looked earth fallen buried hill buried treasure boys returned island shovels picks started dig meters hit hard floor thick wooden boards cover treasure lifted boards treasure dug meters ten meters wooden floors stopped winter boys stopped digging home asked oak island heard strange stories fifty stories ships stopped island night fishermen rowed going shore seen interested helping boys dig treasure oak island later named john lynds decided dig treasure hired crew brought tools island crew began dig dug found wooden floors meters uncovered mystery large flat stone covered strange marks
turtle slowest animals move slowly turtle makes cousin early dinosaurs lives longer animal earth strange giant turtles known live hundred scientists believe turtles reach age hundred hard shelled animals live taking things easy enables turtle eats slowly moves slowly grows slowly takes shell hard turtle eggs hatch owns pet likely insect called flea impolite insects live hair animals animal easily fleas wings fly wonderful jumpers jump hundred times height person jumping story building fleas truly unbelievable jumpers arctic tern leads strange spends months north pole months south pole months air small bird makes longest trips animal tern summers north fall heads south traveling kilometers hour stopping rest eat ocean land tern flies south months trip cover thousand kilometers tern reaches south pole spring comes tern
robin walked snow carefully carrying pan fish soup pole nubbin chained carried pans flip flop sled dogs touch food eyes robin sat straight tails moved making nests snow robin black noses darted pans soup fish robin helped catch summer robin hoped dogs run fast tomorrow final dogger race alaska snow fair mark woods minutes ten seconds robin robin nubbin rubbed soft fur ears re leader told nubbin tomorrow re looked closely nubbin paws cuts fine looked flip flop paws fine robin looked dogs thought months worked team thought small team grown dogs remembered times put harness nubbin leader learned called gee left called haw robin wanted team obeyed worked hard teach follow commands toughened runs mailbox kilometers eat robin mother stood door lamp shining gold
robin father lifted sled top truck robin laid harnesses unchained nubbin jumped whoa nubbin easy girl easy robin holding nubbin slipping harness harness nubbin stood robin harnessed flip flop father holding nubbin tightly robin riding sled brought dogs place mark woods team mark dogs ready mark keeper hold timer counted seconds count mark team minute wait robin team father looked robin catch mark minutes ten seconds luck robin timer began count minute thirty seconds robin suddenly heard sled dogs barking thirty seconds twenty seconds robin heard counting let robin shouted nubbin team shot ahead robin started running sled breath jumped runners stood foot pushed soon caught breath jumped run uphill downhill snow ice roads closed traffic robin ran raced team pine forest halfway kilometer course robin believe didn feel tired robin worried pushing team caught mark
wee gillis lived scotland real alastair roderic craigellachie dalhousie gowan donny bristle macmac took say called wee gillis mother relations lowlanders stayed valleys raised thick haired sheep father relations highlanders stayed hills stalked deer wee gillis didn wanted lowlander highlander mother relations thought father relations foolish run climb creep hills stalking deer father relations thought mother relations silly drive call haired sheep wee gillis didn watched cheerful friendly live lowlands mother relations rose early ate set haired sheep valleys night called called brought home late getting home relations asked tell sheep wouldn called relations didn shout loud sheep couldn hear heavy mist night mists valleys wee gillis shout louder fine lungs end strong wee gillis highlands rose early ate father relations
peary eskimos matthew henson skillful technique swift arctic travel faced hazards set april stage polar journey twenty hour gale spring open wide impassable leads ice dangerously delaying dangerous imminent approach full moon spring tides peary feared stir ice fields restlessness create network water leads path open thinly deceptively coated ice strength gauged nicety dogs sledges plunge deep icy water climbed pressure ridge snowhouse looked north swept sudden surge excitement felt wrote keenest exhilaration exultation climbed pressure ridge breasted keen air sweeping mighty ice pure straight pole fine marching morning clear sunlit temperature minus wind past days subsided gentle breeze going leaving land floes large hard level patches sapphire blue ice pools preceding summer pressure ridges surrounding stupendous fifty feet high especially hard negotiate gap gradual slope huge drift snow
groups live group culture word culture means art books music means customs ways things beliefs means things language spoken kinds food eaten greet ways worship god gods things groups things ways culture unique means exactly japanese culture french culture cultures american culture cultures things common kinds things live culture ways land social groups religious beliefs values technology art forms unit cultures japanese french iraqi camayura chapter read cultures live land japan small island country lies east coast continent asia west japan sea japan east lies pacific ocean part japan sea main islands hundreds smaller islands nearby country japan north south large islands hokkaido honshu shikoku kyushu islands cover area large california japan small size million half live united states
form groups help things groups called social groups family social group neighborhood group boys girls visit play social group organization member group place member understands family parents brothers sisters expected feel ways things neighborhood group leaders followers member knows expect social groups political parties social groups members government national group kind social group country defense business things group concerned social groups part peoples humans organize groups differs french person born social groups family french national group adult member social groups french families father works paying job earn money family needs mother works making home caring children families wife earns money family working paying job home responsibility making decisions shared husband wife important decisions father talked things mother parents agree children close friends children families parents
camayura religion begin form questions religion iraqi villagers questions expect answered section iraqi villagers follow religion begun ago prophet named mohammad believe god call allah believe allah god christians jews worship believe allah planets stars space animals plants controls knows human beings worship praise mohammad taught important rules followers obey rules follows declare allah true god pray allah times sunrise noon late afternoon sunset midnight eat drink sunrise moon rises night holy month ramadan give part earned mosque church poor special trip called haj holy city mohammad born city mecca hundreds miles country saudi arabia obeying religious rules difficult villagers money special trip mecca going food drink ramadan especially difficult weather hot villagers find easy follow rule declare faith allah conversation things say allah wish tomorrow allah wills crop grow
boys girls choices careers follow grow true boys girls mixtecans rajputs girls grow mothers preparing food looking family clothing caring children fields boys grow fathers learn farm boys girls choices careers follow true boys girls united states boys girls united states start thinking late elementary school think able live look forward eating going bed want buying choose big choice career going follow going independent boys girls choose soon graduate high school kind job mind study high school prepare career study office study typing office skills study tools build wood metal repair automobiles try jobs fields job training learn bricklayers carpenters plumbers working assistants experienced workers
television screen window places things events control changing channels main purpose television programs entertain inform television influences fact television influence purpose program entertainment realize influence imagine favorite program situation comedy called kunkle capers kunkles family consisting parents boys girls mother elderly aunt woman cooking helps household tasks pretend wednesday look program merry tune picture beautiful large house end winding driveway announce soon kunkles course wait commercial cereal popular football player eats view handsome smile muscular arms holding box cereal signals end commercial moment kunkle living room living room large beautiful furniture looks costly mother children sitting chatting end room children telling funny things happened school suddenly father bursts room yells surprise guess makes funny guess father kunkle takes children return bicycles boxes point situation develops
think answer question times grow older answers answers sound pretty sports say shy musician outdoor person taking care animal lover american person wouldn say things person say unit learn number countries think live parts cultures result things help answer question differ person culture special part culture affect chapter tell things influenced norwegians place live apartment city farm plains affects answer question affects word surroundings environment norway environment important norway rugged land snow covered mountains evergreen forests high plateaus seacoast ragged edge water filled mountain valleys run sea valleys called fjords live norway coast norwegians live mountains fjord sea forest
night nour trying sleep hear rain glad fixed roof elbow ached felt thousand hot needles stabbing pain let thought happily father proud thought helped fall asleep glowing light stabbing pain awakened nour stared lamp held face saw mother father faces wrong nour mother asked anxiously heard moaning sleep nour wanted cry tell mother horrible pain arm calmed replied bad dream sorry woke think arm father arm nour tossed blanket tried lift left arm gently father pushed nour sleeve worried saw nour elbow big puffy black nour mother shuddered concern son doctor father morning nour weakly taking doctor father asked gently need help nour refused help managed feet undressed bed needed blanket thrown shoulders cradling left arm father rainy streets reached marketplace pain arm wanted cry
wanted didn money buy re happily problem solution regular job ways earn money begin earn save item didn think buy think ways earn money need mow lawns shovel snow walk dogs bathe dogs run errands water house plants weed gardens fold laundry help household chores play small children give mother tend duties let parents neighbors hours week re sure offers actually begun earn easier begin spend hours week saving able buy costly suggestions help save think carefully buy things candy ice cream making money disappear quickly small bank home extra change pennies nickels add quickly open savings account parents need sign give safe place money give interest interest money bank pay letting money bank money deposit loan charges loans
chapter describes natural human resources african called guineans tells resources past present guineans members national group live nation called guinea size wyoming guinea located west coast africa costa rica lies miles kilometers north equator guineans members tribal groups members guinean national group tribal groups fulani numbers fulani live fouta djallon mountains find region map page living herding cattle sheep goats grow crops large group malinke tribe number malinke live eastern part country grow crops soussou large tribal group living atlantic coast grow rice oil palms bananas pineapples ten tribal groups fulani malinke soussou tribal groups ways including language religion thousand ago guinea part large african kingdom malinke began moving area thirteenth century fulani area seventeenth century groups arrived large numbers area looking homeland nineteenth century began guinea france unlike malinke fulani french live guinea
saudi arabia country southwestern asia ruler saudi arabia monarchs today power power king grown religion ways arabian saudi arabia desert water plants farmers animal herders farmers live parts country water grow food herders nomads move desert finding food water camels goats sheep herders called bedouins ways bedouins grew hard desert tribe bedouins wells grazing lands regularly visits sun dries plants animals graze dries bedouins tribe wells grazing lands depend live bedouins loyal tribe leader sheik strong leader helps survive hard desert saudi arabia follow religion islam rules islam tell hundreds obeyed rules early young leader named abd al aziz ibn saud started fighting bring tribes arabia family control believed leaders true teachings islam fought followers governing family fought turks english brought arabia control
country gabon lies rain forests equator west central africa leader gabon president power gabon part created africa past african countries power rule ruled countries europe colonies dependencies independent namibia gabon free rule france french gabon think nation hundreds lives centered villages tribes leaders chiefs tribes believe ways tribes changed change gabon french french trade stayed rule gabon rich wood mineral resources ruled gabon coming french ways began grow ways french mines businesses schools taught christian missionaries young gabonese chance study university europe united states gabonese school ideas universities learned countries united states france ordinary citizens power choose leaders gabonese saw gabon french ruled gabonese say wanted freedom french believed democracy agree
wish find happening places look information newspaper newspapers published hundreds american cities daily big city paper material page book don read newspaper order find information need stories written presented makes easy find makes easy decide want read story newspapers divided sections news features sports business advertisements put separate parts front part devoted news importance part devoted sports business features division paper makes easy handle reasons interested reading kind information don read kinds looking kind information find trying find job look want ads jobs sections stories written ways ways main feature news stories deal facts reporters tell happened reporters purposely avoid giving opinions seen heard editorial opinion run newspaper opinion separate news stories newspaper set pages editorials letters editor political cartoons columns opinion
learned celtic tribes conquered century romans celtic tribes ireland scotland wales attacked rome celtic remained unchanged ireland centuries disappeared rest europe change irish celts conquered celts ireland began change learned religion religion decided religion christianity christianity religion based teachings jesus nazareth jesus lived part called israel religion spread group group religion europe celts ireland began hear christianity part fourth century christianity wasn widely accepted century according irish stories named patrick succat later called saint patrick converted irish celts christianity converting celts easy druids worked change patrick converting tribal kings kings turn convinced accept religion teachings christianity celtic religion christianity taught belief god celtic religion taught belief gods goddesses tribe gods christianity taught love treat kindly belonged family
laughter grew fitful began half glance eyes break glance quickly afraid reason samhein past twenty tara weirdly terribly visited strange creature midna samhein midnight midna burned royal hall warrior try stop carried silver harp midna drew strings drowsy music heard drifted deep sleep samhein tara left awake stop breathed fire thatch timber blackened kindled leaping flame tara rebuilt sounds feasting died cormac rose high place offered mighty reward gold horses slaves warrior kill midna boldest warriors forward knew courage skill strength help wicked silvery music finn rose cormac macart high king erin want gold horses slaves defeat horror night swear hall give rightful heritage bold seeks bargain high king cormac heritage captaincy fianna erin murmur ran round hall swear king let gathered witness swearing overcome midna earned captaincy
communist revolution private landowners decisions russian land revolution government leaders managed land government decisions eleven especially important affected lives rural russians directly revolution problems russian countryside wanted russia communist country fought lack rain caused poor harvests caused shortages food millions poorly fed ill difficult government tried force cooperation peasants peasants wanted give peasants allowed farm land pleased forced give harvest government end peasants producing food able refused give crops government government leaders saw force peasants decided change policy decided allow peasants sell goods city markets profits peasants duty government pay small tax government hoped peasants want produce plan called economic policy put effect food production increased formal problem solving process page russia regained strength government leaders decided ahead plans create nationwide communistic system announced plans collectivize land meant small neighboring farms combined collected form large farms
saw funeral stood elder brother john closed clenched jaws angry eyes tall john full grief commander rodney death rest didn liked standing john assumed summer job marine biology station housed half coast guard headquarters strange place strange wanted meet call struck fashioned word trustworthy important untrustworthy death strike looking wasn close death involved part strange terrible saying goodbye loved sixteen sweet proper kiss fourteen stood open grave waiting pine box lowered part church bad maybe familiar setting small white church bay island church lives visit grandfather sad church side commander rodney friend ages mother daddy age
hearses mind wasn hearse enormous brand black station wagon tall pale young black hair lounging elegantly grief john exploded zachary gray don need daddy murmured timing unerringly inconvenient seen zachary expected zachary summer sort pursued dropped completely sight california girls lot glamorous hope didn think kind moral leper rest family zach real kiss cheeks felt hot hands felt icy cold waved hi austins grinned zach hi stupidly hoped flushed cheeks didn show ride stupidly ten kid shook head daddy zachary funeral re tired sad need certainly sir zachary replied swiftly courteously tomorrow vicky yes wasn sure liked zachary thinking drop expect find waiting seen odd happening pit stomach zachary effect took hand unlike leo warm dry sorry vic bad penny turned wrong moment
leo walked slowly ocean edge letting waves break toes sneakers jeans shirts wearing sandals took wade wasn sneakers wet sandy leo bent unlace pull splashed silence left grandfather protected cove waves rougher pull undertow stronger leo turned inland bare fallen trunk elm bark wood washed smooth rains salt winds comfortable seat leo looked ocean glad grandfather hanchett dad funeral hanchett dear makes wedding sound gloomy going summer leo asked continuing changing conversation island barely week commander rodney died tired thought summer catch attention grandfather seen rodneys wave post office market rob knew rob coast guard commander wondered talked vicky leo prodded face splotchy fair hair limp re going home thornhill regional high answered daddy returning general practice re going york york meant forever replied
leo mother called welcome leo porch steps saying hi looked round table set dinner re eat interrupting re rush mother assured haven dinner don join finished leo panted eating wanted talk wanted talk thought bike sit daddy ordered biked top speed re breath leo pulled handkerchief mopped face red exertion hey leo john remember adam eddington re working lab hi leo put damp handkerchief happened dinner sitting wicker swing sat friend zachary gray call john voice loud fink suzy started leo broke apologize found dad late yesterday terribly hard thing found yesterday john expostulated re talking apologize told grandfather zachary thing okay john zachary sailboat nearly died intensive care hospital didn tell commander rodney mean re intensive care happens intensively cared stopped catch breath suzy demanded
morning biked station john bathing suit rolled towel stuffed wicker bike basket adam maybe going swim found wishing paid attention science school composition music things didn dolphins difference dolphin porpoise thought porpoise generic included kinds dolphins breakfast thought asking decided going learn cetaceans john called going adam excitement going date adam felt zachary zachary excited nervous playing role attic thornhill costume trunks put plays zachary wore imaginary costume trying live expectations maybe felt uncomfortable thrilled going adam going leo leo turning human didn think leo going date adam known wasn spectacularly gorgeous zachary kind light drew moth candle funeral light doused felt deep hurt hurt caused commander rodney death
nodded speaking john nature red tooth claw apply dolphins eat live fish pointed regretfully yah worse dead cooked re eaten getting fact lives expense stared dolphins moment porpoises warm blooded cold blooded fish look carefully flippers re paws re fish fins bone structure forelimbs moved waving goodbye dr nutteley clutching towel damp splashes feeding una nini didn taking didn ask paused sandy path led rambly dunes dolphin returned sea give hands held hands looked stood crest dune silhouetted incredible blue brightness sky difficult expression hand opposable thumb imagine able pick able hold look held hand putting thumb forefinger yesterday swimming leo saw dolphin leaping looked free joyous
zachary smiled charming smile leo thing week pal want monopolize vicky put hand mine compete felt pleasant slightly confusing half hour launch mainland quick ferry zachary leo talking zachary trying hard friends leo leo responded hesitation night zachary calculated necessarily bad zachary planned things artist effect leo responded puppy thrown stick retrieve thought leo trying halfway encourage zachary begin remove burden guilt zachary didn feel weighed leo easy leo feeling surface zachary feeling lay deep didn open doors friend stranger zachary private person polished facade adam thought equally private facade leaned seat launch let spray fly rays sun caress cool water wind blew hair dried salt spray feel tingly dock mainland busier bustling island
concert held estate kind foundation arts chairs scattered vast green lawn shining golden light setting sun japanese lanterns hung trees oaks maples elms elms left lot attention house whitely visible trees stone building gables chimneys wings house chairs platform holding grand piano seats arranged clumps tickets took clump left piano perfect view keyboard zachary proud looked program bach french suite mozart sonata poulenc ginastera nice mix breeze put mother lacy shawl shoulders watched girls swirly dresses tapers lit lanterns zachary slippedone arm shoulders felt comfortable lean furious automatically stiffening relax vicky fingers moved gently hair napeof neck tried sound sophisticated experienced okay want listen music moment burst applause woman climbed steps platform bowed audience sat piano small slight dark hair piled high head showing beautiful neck
grandfather nosebleed bad daddy stopped quickly decided grandfather weekly transfusions mrs rodney give suggested home put grandfather hard trip mainland hospital monday didn till monday leo quiet didn cosmic swam picnic walked beach swam picnic movies exciting warm summery beauty didn worry leo going say talked columbia york told reading grandfather black holes asked individual death fit enormous picture eyes bleak thought commander rodney empty space death star dying matters person universe don think size matters death singularity slowly think tiny organisms living think mitochondrion farandola important giant star leo sounded hopeful doubtful characteristically changed subject going major practical accounting don think spend desk think sea marine biology adam ships think building
john woke slow steady rain wasn warm leo plan beach dressed waking kitchen phone rang picked ring adam john re risked calling coming looked watch want home read grandfather leo picking okay don meet beach shed bike barely adam plenty waiting greeted normal friendly sort big rock changed bathing suit swam lay soft swells feeling rain falling gently face making small dents water basil called silently basil friend friend makes feel real basil greeted exuberantly dove riding didn swim rose water flying glorious adam rough games basil winning usual throwing adam air belly flopped water basil thought enormously funny adam righted sputtering swam ask basil loud simple cartwheel
delivered blood mrs rodney daddy asked felt fine emergency room looked mother think mother marvel nurses patient leo looked home hospital want swim clean mother glanced watch lunch leo checked watch synchronizing quick swim vicky drugstore sandwich okay plan today course leo thanks giving morning blood re grateful put bathing suit left pain mother voice leo slithered steep path grandfather cove bathing suit felt wet clammy morning swim rain falling softly beach cool wet dents size silver dollars heavy rain fallen earlier wind dropped ocean surprised murmuring quietly shore looked horizon saw flash dolphin basil norberta felt yearning ache swim leo breast deep water sure pull saw dolphin don need worry sharks leo flung water started swimming called tide turning
leo borrowed mother vw dinner zachary staying inn asked think stays inn mainland guest apartments country club soon tonight want didn wanted zachary definitely want leo cosmic happening weeping beach morning hospital bringing closer liked wanted suppose zachary friends mother dead father dead think mixed shows money needs don hey dinner inn reassured re going columbia autumn wheels car hished wet macadam glad driving leo zachary competition charter launch wants rooms inn country club feed champagne caviar leo don compete money zachary lot mixed death knows going college law school money brains willing big took high school
zachary high spirits told jeb polite noises didn jeb re looking dark circles eyes ho notice look notice kindly thing unkind maybe baffled fascinated austins predictable re number don give damn step want don notice lying pool blood literal figurative knocking thought zachary father money intrigue father going don care think father didn need defend daddy zachary looked daddy looked zachary father obvious going money daddy salary hospital york double overworked general practitioner thornhill miserable money yes miserable lot comfortably woman going zach control reflex screaming stiffening pressing feet imaginary brakes idiot laughed didn zachary kind thing amuse pompous mean
darkness closed took binnie told thing died seizure weakened heart nurse put arm grace led stilled room cubicles ambulance lights flashing cut dark think saw leo zachary tell dark seeing picture negative leo saying mrs austin daddy speaking couldn hear saying leo squatting front reaching hands pulled don touch till wash held death holding death blood hands blood girl rob nurse wet cloth alcohol cleaned hands mother stopped crying mother arms comforting home vicky leo waiting grandfather leave grandfather place won leave daddy promise daddy promises unlike zachary trusted internal bleeding stopped daddy transfusion home soon rested bit coast guard ambulance boat home mother words dim roar eardrums lost cloud terror dim pictures transposing top falling plane binnie rob grandfather
woke sunlight streaming face light heat discomfort large dark blankness mind deep fog unknowing terrible happened think familiar loft grandfather stable rob john suzy cots empty rob happened rob sat loft tilted swirled started dark lay quickly wave nausea broke closed eyes dizziness sickness exhausted slid sleep woke timid tapping arm terrible happened don rob opened eyes rob standing cot smiling flooding binnie arms dead remembering stopped blank cloud moved sat cautiously dizziness return rob re vicky tell interrupted home looked surprise adam brought couldn wasn zachary leo shadow moved room john suzy emerged ladder zachary john adam bring home called vicky rob bounced impatiently toes tell baby swallows dead course dead dead flew flew re biggest present give
stacked fight champ floyd patterson boxing champion tells story remember fun laughing wiltwyck school delinquent boys hated laughter matter laughing laugh dirt face torn shabby sized clothes wore couldn read write answer question school talk talked wouldn look face want look run hide hiding running guess maybe darkness safety darkness nightmare light fear naturally took night prowl streets brooklyn wandering alleyways dark corners daydream wanted clothes food candy feel gave tremendous amount money think going home giving mother appreciate think father coming home finding money look realize wouldn times happy wasn happy home mother father kids hard
oscar robertson big starts driving basketball court looks big sleek graceful cat cincinnati university happy basketball court moody unhappy resentful found hard accept comments exposed race negro traveled country basketball team suffered insults nearly left school sophomore wasn permitted stay teammates plush shamrock hotel houston later told friend happens bus indianapolis university didn let happen team arranged stay dormitories fraternity houses played south didn affect big play mad glad happy unhappy starred cincinnati george smith athletic director called meeting team told boys team robertson re going maybe bearcats farther won straight missouri valley championships big look big compared basketball stars weighs ounce solid muscle keeps perfect shape dedicated student game born grandfather farm charlotte tennessee father grandfather slave reported oldest person united states died age oscar parents took older brothers live indianapolis
willie mays batted drive giants unforgettable pennants fielded plays crucial game depending place baseball lore classic giants playing dodgers score top eighth inning bat dangerous dodger hitter carl furillo fast base runner named billy cox furillo connected drive whistling center willie took position dead center meant traveling wrong direction throw throw absolutely cox scoring fly meant willie throw body direction moving running glove hand catch mays pivoted left foot swung split looking center field bleachers spinning full circle left consumed slightly able throw facing diamond left stronger throwing position baseball intuition showed clearly willie fired ball whitey lockman standing cut spot saw target stepped let ball wes westrum waiting home caught throw nailed cox sliding magazine named throw chuck dressen brooklyn manager shake head murmur believe jackie robinson declared greatest throw seen willie selected rookie
dr dan called opened office classmates frank billings stayed contact school friends teachers teachers retired staff doctor protestant orphan asylum asked dan attending doctors dr dan medical school months patients needed operation hospital dr dan dining room sick antiseptic gave anesthetic skillfully operated doctors operating homes days dan patient word spread quickly soon dan patients called surgery dr dan regularly performed minor operations member staff south side dispensary teacher chicago medical college students famous doctors september dr dan international medical congress washington outstanding doctors read research papers dr dan found ideas surgery held cautious doctors agreed doctor believed doctor waited conservatives wanted perform post mortem operation sparked dan returned chicago worked harder gain skill surgery vacancy illinois board health governor asked dan job days terrible cases scarlet fever smallpox diseases hit families
buried steering wheel hands checkered flag chest afterward stood italian catchy tazio nuvolari greatest racing driver tazio giorgio nuvolari born cateldaria italy died bed skill determination sheer guts nuvolari braked moment soon moment late reaction perfect conditions knew weight distribution car wheels rainy monte carlo grand prix car broke oil line dangerous bend speeding cars hit bend patch oil careened control crashing littering track nuvolari lead foot gas arms blurs turned wheel left roaring turn avoiding smashed machines expert drivers watched performance fantastic driving seen sets champions called win desire succeed impossible odds nuvolari nth degree boy tazio short bought set barbells began program exercise try grew taller feet inches heavier pounds soaking wet wanted circus performer rigged practice trapeze yard hard falls later decided aviator took fall change goal
slowly smile frank merle lips put hand squared thanks mario speak grip tight race today expect beaten frank grinned squared don think aiming pin ears track try mario laughed feeling happy try horn sounded mario put mask pulled helmet climbed car pulled glasses turned searching al carter box spotted waved race test driver skill car performance himslef remembering al words matter personal feelings suddenly wanted watch race fight pulled stop frank paying attention surprised looks officials leaned side car stretchingout hand frank eyes lighted reached seize mario hand victory sign mario moved pole position flag dropped mario jumped lead cars roared pouring mass turn stretch tires squealed spun loose dirt throwing dust high air track jammed rail cars trying pass tough mario thought holding tight turn jammed gas car leaped forward front straight mario flashed rear wheels shoveling dust air clawed dirt track roared past pits surprised lap sign
hank jerked warmup jacket bench sorrell turned boys thing winning gentlemen re going boys team pretty dispirited put places re pretty kids face friends classmates nodded heads hank hardhead hank gritted jaw stubbornly sorrell instructions pushed bench sat ray mason center stanton tip chet expecting jim dawson started court realized possession ball brought skidding halt play mason plunked fouled anxious chet pointer stanton twenty crusdaders forty jim started throw ball saw stanton pressing regain balance stepped court stanton ball tony sank quick floor basket scored quarter finally settled took efforts help guard danny scored basket gun ended quarter score crusaders fifty stanton thirty minutes passed blur speed mason fouled trying stop chet crusaders broke scoring rash crusaders snuffed roar lions sorrell shouted dressed boys twenty street church prepared banquet honor wouldn want late
don money son picked shelf bet fancy father wife regarding anxiously shook head mind harm gave shock sat fire finished pipes wind higher started nervously sound door banging upstairs silence unusual depressing settled lasted couple rose retire night expect find cash tied big bag middle bed herbert bade night horrible squatting top wardrobe watching pocket ill gotten gains brightness wintry sun morning streamed breakfast table herbert laughed fears suppose soldiers mrs white idea listening nonsense wishes granted days hundred pounds hurt drop head sky frivolous herbert morris things happened naturally father wished call coincidence don break money herbert rose table afraid turn selfish disown mother laughed door watched road returning breakfast table happy expense husband superstition
remembered horace liveright left practicing field goals field found small search shadows goal posts searching ball kicked broad daylight horace difficulty finding ball night lost kicked bonner horace saw horace told beauty ask going jim watson horace practicing field goal specialist explained tell uncle re field goal specialist horace tell horace nodded shower horace put hard added kicked thousand horace smiled tomorrow kick assured stopping don forget tell uncle enjoyed nice fellows players didn meet fellows horace pointed word told horace walked goal posts helmet reach dressing room warned yes sir nice ed jim watson told figured pretty safe explained enjoying happy uncle sake jim jocko tells borderline case lose jocko line kiss conference title bye happy promised unhurt tell put pants tomorrow jim watson
believe operating taxi pull string don believe re control taxi max replied proof pudding voice drive red light max smirked taxi lunged forward crossed intersection ignoring traffic light re trouble max broke traffic law fiddle dee dee voice important believe max nodded believe operating taxi remote control question dooms plan voice answered don think max replied peaches risk lives plan eye taxi throw doors risky voice fortunately observant noticed re taxi pick deserted section town early morning words re sealed don parachute brake ejection seat max replied recall morning parachute think lack parachute stop max stop peaches stop voice remarked gossip max snapped interested alternative voice asked max replied listen don listen yes captive audience max replied alternative
live house girl twelve iris carmen santos york twelve going school iris delight carmen early winter carmen friends surprising number things york city found thing carmen found lack trees flowers bushes york weather cold fun carmen tried harder harder plant watering job school times teacher turns job carmen took care plants looked green shoots washed leaves turned plants sun light hit side january loosening soil spider plant looked miss hall watching joined garden club carmen asked carmen turned surprise garden club didn tell miss hall meets friday school janitz science teacher charge ask mother stay friday speak janitz club sponsors school flower show june carmen believe heard wonderful garden club later morning miss hall class don plant carmen home
tried put foot ledge pushed strength left going pleaded ron let answer received loud burst laughter started originally started halfway felt slipping gripped tighter bar couldn looking darkness tried desperately sit bar slip couldn feel hands neck muscles hurt terribly tried putting foot bar swinging slowly surely started agonizing journey top foot bar teeth grinding sigh relief sitting bar drenched sweat silent seconds minutes plane passed overhead didn dare look didn care think look ron let tears slid face wasn guess known beginning ron hey phil want glass water want play cards laughed laughed re death grasp don laugh phil re going wait ron guys alive look phil re boys don bet funeral
joseph heidel looked slowly dinner table large thick blond gray hair cut close head months fifty face body vital look fifteen younger president superior council post highest post occupied planet mars lived eyes flicked face fingers tapped table making sound drum roll top officials selected tested screened earth form nucleus governmental rule mars heidel bright narrow eyes flicked fingers drummed impostor martian sadler dry voice cut silence ordinary meetng president heidel cigar clamped teeth stared sadler eyes sadler special meeting grinned cigar clothes sheep find wolf heidel watched faces sadler meehan locke forbes clarke thick tonight harry locke didn follow meant course heidel grinning explain feel alive moment nerve singing muscle toned brain quick tongue rolled words smoothly kind situation heidel handled tense dramatic situation full atmosphere suspense heidel continued simply briefly touched cigar ash tray watching slitted shining eyes ashes spilled glowing tip
ahead candle darkness think find martian rat matter fact heidel lolled words privilege adding wine drinking dr kingly preservingsolution non tasting non harmful room heidel motioned gun god rest traitor soul remember bullets chamber pistol candles brain person eyes light candle goes steady deadly silence flames candles licked air think heidel final toast proceed lifted glass receiver bullet straight hell phrase literally gentlemen laughing drink glasses drained table watch carefully heidel lifted pistol aimed candle trigger taut finger explosion loud room heidel aimed explosion eh yes sadler forbes heidel shot echoed pointing muzzle candle say wouldn gentlemen soon goes afraid going find bullet sparkling eyes ready squinted eye looked sights squeezed trigger room echoed blackness heidel held pistol poised table
want nugent asked tim nought lad nugent looking dog looking ring tonight found train asked tim addressed door potato cellar hides skunks deer mountain jim ring tim scrambled hillside scanned mesa saw save indian paintbrush mariposa lilies nugent called owl top cottonwood tree hoo hoo tim parents home town night found asleep head amid scattered pieces grand canyon odd mrs talbot told sure bed half past hold talbot seen rifle floor sleeping boy funny spooked known tim spooked stayed mrs talbot maybe shouldn left rubbish talbot valley harm fly likely heard pack rat smelled skunk shook tim shoulder wake son sleep proper tim sat groggily rubbed eyes seeing mess puzzle pete sake caved grand canyon reckon shored father laugh gun hear bear tim gulped remembering happened
flames licked roof shed singed trees cris brooks watched frowning sixth fire williamsburg week surely coincidence burn shack cris dark brown eyes searched crowd watching fire firebug saw father moving slowly crowd stopping question answer questions face grim beneath police chief cap poor dad cris sighed knew concerned williamsburg famous restored buildings burn cris grinned saw friend beth lorry coming munching candy bar beth didn let interfere snacks beth joined cris tiny woman colonial costume official williamsburg hostess bustled dears looking wonderful thing happened miss mirabelle marston white curls bobbed beneath lace cap mrs cartwright lent winston jewels special exhibit wonderful miss marston cris agreed don girls miss marston suggested exhibit treat fire nice young milkman craig willard stopped pint pistachio ice cream hey sounds beth answered ok cris love miss marston cris smiled miss marston sailed wide brick walk plum colored skirts billowing procession street cluttered fire equipment paused let horsedrawn carriage loaded tourists clip clop past cris loved living williamsburg lovely restored homes buildings living pages history book
ran hall yelled room television crews sat assignment blanford let extra alarm seconds scrambling elevator piling car assignments luck arrive fire fire department television crew composed cameraman equipped cameras small camera taking silent movies large camera record sound film picture sound engineer electronic equipment permits control degree volume quality sound recorded film electrician job subject filmed properly lighted finally reporter case charge crew responsible getting story reporting accurately car reports radio fire spread hear dead persons injured type building asked apartments paint store fire kicked explosion rear store radioman reported arrived scene told cameraman start filming fire action try record actual sound fire film adds realism news report
benjamin franklin recently seen walking york city busiest streets wearing purplish suit knee breeches buckles shoes famous glasses surprised turned stare interviewed television seen sworn ben reality named howard da silva played part ben franklin night musical play called play signing declaration independence allthe facts story true characters familiar history books thomas jefferson john adams abigail adams course ben franklin singing dancing lively entertaining evening pleasant learn history ben franklin alive today sure television da silva dressing room change clothes put transformed ben true notice street walking thinking ben today wouldn startled fascinated television space program ben imagine going school ending honorary doctor degrees harvard yale oxford da silva began adding lines face look older franklin seventy signed declaration independence
tuesday tom job deliver weekly edition papa newspaper tuesday returned fishing camping trip entered advocate office morning chores home sweyn thought helping papa advocate wearing pants printer apron green eye shade lorded tom tom entered advocate office smell ink paper sorry late grandpa tom mamma weed vegetable garden morning sweyn eyes popped open grandpa business asked tom grandfather boy wished thought snappy comeback positively stunned oldest brother moment sly look face pointed neatly piled stacks weekly counter papa barbershop haircut told sure grade school kids job look tom face tell called grade school kid didn say grabbed pile weekly pile carried tom put copies basket bike job deliver advocate homes subscribers adenville bicycle job drop copies newspaper yellow stickers post office
wish uncle mark give lead horses tracks left town headed nevada line taking shortcut frisco mountains rode checked morning fresh tracks turning road nevada line checked drifters strangers town yesterday identify catch asked stolen money burns hole robber pocket uncle mark don want tom printing newspaper wait starts spending lot money saloons drinking gambling don asked trying helpful eye strangers drifters leave town suddenly posse track uncle mark answered returned home found tom desk barn told uncle mark uncle mark peace officer tom head robbers slick start spending lot money town smart leave town things cool suspicion attached don believe robbery pulled drifters strangers town asked robbers took care making sure couldn identified tom didn speak means maybe afraid whitlock recognize voices sure mormons mormons don robbing banks
local news column news pups winters family give kittens carters give item boys town clearing weeds smiths vacant lot local news column news things town known son bring open backyard fences admit cruel thing bad taste boy didn apologize apologize thank listening crowd broke papa looked angry burro cocklebur pack saddle walked swiftly house run didn slow stop entered barn tom reporters waiting newsprint tom asked surprised newsprint papa thought tom due whipping papa sort swallowed couple times ask friends leave reporters left tom leaned nail keg chair pushed green eye shade forehead idea asked curious scared papa face turned red cheeks puffed squirrel jawful nuts
week laughed exuberantly pure triumph confidence don mamma couldn spend slums wanting wipe help robbed overworked underpaid sick helpless miserable mrs cochrane looked daughter searching look took breath case stood plump shoulders straightening determined manner case think forget rest mexico pittsburgh fast lot save money need wardrobe sew broke managing smile gave face sturdy wholesome sweetness want stylish things going let ashamed front puffed yorkers paused thing elizabeth don question care poor wonder wanting york satisfy ambitions don fly high mother daughter faced moment smiled complete understanding won elizabeth cochrane added softly nellie bly summer nellie bly york months worst
top floor quiet carpeted hall wide offices big bore magical names gold leaf john cockerill managing editor adjoining joseph pulitzer publisher boy knocked opened door fled large desk occupied center room managing editor feet big dignified reserved mustache look stern forbidding surprise astonishment robbed dignity mouth gaped young lady gave instructions wasn disturbed don blame downstairs nellie bly cockerill determined important waste polite stood fought hours wouldn thought important moved desk stood facing legs trembled voice rang passionate sincerity staking convince favor pursed lips trying remember nellie bly yes letter madden pittsburgh madden editor respect judgment hired didn want leave paper asking job cockerill
afraid declared stoutly true afraid downstairs afraid room minutes ago wouldn tell pulitzer suddenly winced put hand front eyes shield pull shades john asked cockerill editor hastened obey feeling guilty forgotten basic rules office crack sunlight room publisher light excruciatingly painful eyes noise unbearable nerves try story want nellie found whispering sure gamble blackwell island story treatment insane pretending insane give job reporter left answer dangling thoughtful want want crazy stunts thrill answering question care happens care room thoughts brooding believe democracy word democracy precious thing bought paper ran issue put statement
cock robin lay feet air red breast feather twisted wind clove brown wings folded dancer fan minutes past twenty fourth dead robins died notice human race robin cock robin saddleboro death crisis minutes past memorable morning telephone rang kitchen elm street awoke tony isidoro sleeping room top steps uncurled feet inches put feet floor shook head slowly ran fingers crop shining black hair phone jangled stumbled downstairs answer grabbed receiver tripped eighth grade math book left floor kitchen door remember left school kicking sleepily mumbled hello cock robin dead voice exclaimed tony recognized mary alice lamberty daughter wealthiest town moment answer dead repeated asked knew mayor joe called father replied accused daddy killing cock robin mill dumps aniline dyes river true telling perfectly telling mayor information robins going ask killed cock robin
joe dambrowski mayor joe called elected office campaigning ddt automobile exhaust sewage pollution missatonic river runs past saddleboro obtained funds town built sewage disposal plant walked automobile avoid putting carbon dioxide lead air organized children find town contained ddt collected saddleboro sanitation trucks buried wet cement town dump agreed river clearer birds sang louder air sweeter saddleboro april tony observed male robin mayor lawn bird famous cock robin saddleboro mate started building nest mayor stetson hat absentmindedly left iron planter front porch providence mayor gasped hurried newspaper office tell david lowenthal editor patent reader saw robin answer clean environment party prayer editor trying think gimmick promote mayor fall elections woodsy looking stetson image ago town joke wanted fresh cock robin hat morning paper carried picture grinning mayor pointing grasses stetson caption read cock robin picked dambrowski responsible saddleboro unpolluted water air
tony turned radio walked window winked cock robin picked books whistled steps door opened mayor meet express pleasure mayor joe asked worried voice egg thought robins tony explained songbirds lay egg clutch complete clutch robin female starts incubate hatch mayor pleased information nodded hurried street tony saw square beaver shaped figure hustle corner drugstore reached commons mayor joe stepped office patent reader days announcement egg accompanied photographs sewage disposal plant burial grounds ddt maples elms saddleboro shimmering clean air egg laid mayor phoned tony asked tony female brood eggs interlude known incubation period added birds change behavior started tell mayor hung cock robin hour opened morning announcement mayor joe incubation period begun mrs robin nest say feathers spread head tilted warmed beautiful eggs blinked standing leaning count eggs
mayor sat steps put head hands told tony male feeding saddle singing hickory spruce tree singing singing trying attract female saddle give food call likely die sound important parents hear cry makes feed young cried eggs haven hatched won late date wrong lab college analysis friend histochemist find chemicals eggs says cock robin died chemical poisoning find source catch offender stop deaths mayor say opened door led tony house front porch nest sat neatly crown stetson mayor don hurt saddle tony picked eggs mayor rubbed cheek sighed tony saddle die tonight mother chance fed brooded bird felt disturbance nest lifted wobbly head opened beak live mayor sadly chance hand raise takes devotion going find killed cock robin mary alice school write note ask nuns saddle teachers room excused twenty minutes feed
nitrogen huh tony farmer killing marsh fertilizing meadow fertilize seen ask tony noticed brownish yellow scum surface water lilies pointed rob snapped fingers dead plants marsh dying fertilizer tone blue green algae green algae grown oxygen killed floating water plants decomposed oxidized call process fire burns oxygen releases carbon dioxide took oxygen water lack oxygen killed fish attracted gulls find fertilizer coming killing marsh possibly cock robin damage marsh affected indirectly food chain tony offered show rob fish died hoping find fertilizer walked clattering rushes weatherbeaten dock hey rob izzy built ago fish caught huge bass tested structure foot teetered crawled fours stretched stomach reached water scooping handful mud slopped dock looked marsh dying insect larvae lobster copepods nil big fish tony called curled shoulders head dock
side mrs isidoro sat saddleboro knows pollution robins re learning sure tony father standing doorway grinning wait hear david lowenthal mary alice friends cock robin going tell paper tomorrow explained club research decided print findings paper mrs korkner run ad gave check lowenthal returned check saying run ad letter editor believes publishing sides issue big scoop tony asked surprise wait college report sis lot news lowenthal printed found put hand saddle feet stepped finger pushed chair stood guess detective tony isidoro wait morning tony awakened newspaper sliding porch ran pajamas opened page letter margined black editor lowenthal began friends cock robin accuse mayor death wow tony aloud report readers cock robin sick mayor knew report readers sewage disposal plants hundred percent efficient mayor knew
yeah tony baby spiders grow eat ants billions ants billions bluettes billions bees rob let find putting say outbreaks ants bees occurred park field hawk woods foreman yard sure let izzy map common map human habitations floor tony left rob hands knees movement tony looked ant outbreak spots silence power towers significant rob tony reached red pencil drew circles ant areas plotted didn sense slightly spot relation towers remembered crazy drainage mayor lawn impression complexity ecology seen izzy maps reached weather wind map answer terrain houses prevailing winds saddleboro erratically izzy wind lines flowed spots ants pointed rob rob coming power towers earth electricity weed killer going eat called tony mother feed mrs korkner cat rob downstairs finished sentence
suddenly tony stood pointed pine street power light company truck moving river rob took racing speed met crow hill road northwest wally house started tower inspecting base tony morning watched ground climb truck asked wrong learned break line cutting power neighborhood picked large sprayer calmly tony asked weeds trees won interfere low lines town spraying yeah tony looked rob rob looked words turned ran commons rob slipped phone booth dialed craig rob clue power light company apparently craig asleep rob apologized wanted dr melvin found cock robin rob listened asked questions joined tony lawn dice cock robin eggs mrs cock robin ddt pcb older living yard looked izzy notes bird kooky nest builder nested bucket rake tool shed mayor hat
rob isolated chlorinated hydrocarbons craig hard metals mary alice raised saddle mayor part shifted chemicals piped water tony failed rolled stomach thumped ground mayor wearing smile satisfaction crossed legs leaned hands looked conference nature detectives mean criminal snapped tony pollutants cock robin kill shouldn died quiet turned david lowenthal leaning apartment window patent reader office sunday goodness sake want sleep news story mayor shouted gift saddleboro want cents word pay killed cock robin pulled head thin cry sounded distance tony rob jumped feet looked west treetops flying high post office marsh hawk broad wings motionless rode rising thermal current warming land tony relief marshy top pyramid fire fumes driven rob pretty irritating huh tone quiet shouted lowenthal tony heard mary alice laugh sleepy editor look disgusted picking grass blade crushed fingers jabbed ground dawn beautiful mary alice whispered problems vanish dawn tony yanked blade grass
seen importance social sciences studies act relation earth spent entire working lives studying part story mankind earth study history records interested geography study environment influenced ways living social scientists studied learned live according rules calling study political science political science study government part larger field study called sociology looks ways lived groups family organizations ways meeting needs business dealings covered branch called economics study human animal behavior known psychology women living parts earth ages took physical appearances ways living learning ways peoples study anthropology specialists study earth learned deal basic ideas important lives earth today gathered call social studies study social studies learning facts ideas drawn social sciences order learn play part unfolding story earth help finding answer billions living earth peace need understand fellow social studies school subject purpose
special scientists called archaeologists spend entire lives digging places mankind home remains find unfold bit bit story earth writing invented period learned records ideas actions called prehistory earth prehistoric ages reaches known half million earth million earth billion look line page short earth line compares prehistory historic times written record events early forms modern dinosaurs early branches family tree died forms early lived southern africa lived parts asia early animal important difference ability reason ability enabled imagination change shape stones tools weapons able change surroundings order easier family fire discovered prehistoric accident fire seen caused erupting volcano bolt lightning overcame original feeling fear began thinking ways discovery
seen civilization developed mesopotamia hilly areas region support rapidly growing population began move valley valley found abundance rich topsoil feet thick river valley contained abundance rich soil problems facing early farmers area insufficient rainfall frequent flooding river able farm region successfully methods found irrigate land dry season drain land floods solved problems nature crops grew villages towns trade communities began realized farm products needed order build civilization mesopotamia needed things lumber metal lumber obtained mountain slopes facing mediteranean sea cedars grew mountains north held copper tin making bronze trade routes opened mesopotamia began trading farm products things needed goods carried trade routes ideas techniques spread civilizations cities appeared plain sumer lower southern part tigris euphrates valley governmental religious military leaders gathered set city states chief city states ur birthplace biblical character abraham kings ur powerful wealthy control cities lower valley
religion important influence growth nations asia europe religious beliefs played important part shaping customs ideas civilized peoples important religions began india older called hinduism hindu religion began aryans helped set original inhabitants indus valley hindus believe animals souls soul passes body trying rise higher level reincarnation person deeds determine form reborn lived reborn priest ruler person lived evil dog insect linked belief caste system considered superior caste social religious group born priests brahmans highest caste caste included warriors rulers farmers craftsmen traders fourth lowest caste serfs servants castes outcasts considered unclean handling bodies dead animals disposing garbage waste matter outcasts called untouchables thought unclean caste member touch caste divisions thought set divine law changed person obey rules caste
europe divided feudal duchies weak kingdoms king considered lord land kingdom dukes vassals actually ran duchies suit king france held small area paris land influence strong powerful dukes held land kingdom east france kingdoms duchies loosely held holy roman empire mid strong king known otto control germanic duchies crowned holy roman emperor pope rome lands held pope heel toe italian boot controlled byzantine empire strongest christian power north byzantine empire tribesmen known slavs beginning russian civilization valley dnieper river russian city states traded peacefully war opportunity grow greatness attacked mongol turkish tribesmen lands bordering black sea shortly seagoing tribesmen scandinavia nations norway sweden denmark began raid coasts south homelands known vikings northmen norsemen daring sailors fierce warriors coastal towns france england feared viking attacks invented special prayer fury northmen god deliver remember story vikings discovery north america greenland iceland
renaissance curious restless creatures task big tremendous energies barrier difficult overcome desire travel exploration smoldering europe crusades renaissance suddenly swept continent brush fire spirit adventure stirred crusading desire convert pagans part desire personal fame glory played part important lure wealth trade india china slow difficult immensely profitable italian city states nations bordering atlantic hope compete italians mediterranean sea dreamed route east water route atlantic mediterranean late middle ages europeans slowly gathering dream reality maps ancient greek arab geographers discovered european scholars redrawn include discoveries marco polo travelers result rapid improvement geography mapmaking navigation easier introduction compass chinese invention astrolabe instrument finding latitude arab sailors european europeans desire ability explore unknown territory known included continents europe asia africa europeans knew asia africa universities taught round disagreement size
europe today person peasant farmer removed mountain area swinging scythe harvest grain grandfather thatched roof farmhouses centuries city dwellings places cities modern skyscrapers rising traffic clogs streets flashing neon signs brighten night expressways connect cities traffic congested europe partly roads streets narrow cars family america automobiles population dense fortunately cars small models travel farther gallon gasoline high cost europe added motor vehicle traffic bicycles deal transportation business average europeans electrical appliances middle class americans kinds stores television cities programs paid fee basis month costs met advertisers europeans dress americans rural areas especially southeastern europe country dress ways cities difference dress folk costumes festivals nations keeping traditions alive observing holidays ways dress children countries required law attend school age twelve fifteen older varying place place national governments control taught national government
north sea coastlines netherlands belgium mild climate plenty rainfall fertile soils gentle rise land inland sea netherlands range elevation twenty feet sea level high point thousand feet german border southeast chart page nations similar politically note higher percentage urban population belgium industrial nation netherlands depends agriculture extent land area netherlands smaller dutch built land shallow arm north sea called zuyder zee built dikes sea walls area planned drain windmills power engines pumped sea water section land reclaimed sea called polder polders twenty feet sea level waterways connect mainland deepest part zuyder zee lake called ijsselmeer dutch farmers specialize growing flower bulbs ship tulips hyacinths daffodils land colorful springtime fruit dairy poultry farms produce food ship neighboring countries farmers fertilize land heavily maximum shipbuilding steel refining textile weaving manufacture small items help economy war ii oil natural gas wells sunk north sea area producing income netherlands
albania bulgaria czechoslovakia east germany hungary poland romania soviet union yugoslavia nations eastern europe today soviet union dominates eastern europe economics government greater part union soviet socialist republics asia european section larger times european nation government main industrial centers european section include entire nation study war ii communists won control governments nations west soviet union soviet union let travel borders eastern western nations iron curtain changed tight hold individuality nations beginning show especially true yugoslavia poland lately romania communist country government owns factories public utilities land recall soviet union tried government ownership complete found combination small amount private ownership businesses land large amount government control government controls transportation communication systems power supplies large farming mining operations education children children taught government important individual taught form government communism government school books rewritten sure ideas taught extent changing facts history
part earliest civilization grew drifting tide hundreds twentieth century nomadic herdsmen tending scrawny animals barren desert land ancient cities remained early days moslem rule touched coming automobile airplane methods modern communication discovery deposits petroleum beneath desert wastelands meeting peoples places wars touched era ancient lands oil companies ready pay rights drill oil bringing skilled technicians equipment needed drilling storing refining shipping petroleum airstrips laid alongside caravan trails camels jeeps traveled desert pipelines crossed sands rocky deserts carrying petroleum refining shipping centers nomadic herdsmen guided animals ramps built crossing pipes adapting ways continuing modern concrete steel business apartment buildings changed look cities built sun baked brick plaster air conditioning refrigeration electrical appliances brought ideas luxury splendor ancient arabian palaces north africa middle east mixture ancient modern live twentieth century inventions desert style dwellings dress head coverings robes insulate heat wear western style clothing moslems bow prayer call comes minaret times daily interrupting lives western peoples
south sahara bushlands begin arab culture blends negro section call central africa begins cultures blend villages tribesmen herd cattle goats fringes vegetation southward cultural patterns change negro climate vegetation marked central africa includes coastal lands bulge northern shores gulf guinea cuts eastward south border lands ancient civilizations upper nile eastern africa includes highest lands continent snowclad peaks stand includes tropical rain forests congo valley lowlands extends south latitude south equator northern borders north pattern vegetation savannas bushland region ends beginning kalahari desert map top page shows nations included central africa land coastal settlements changed colonizers main cultural pattern tribal agricultural village village grouping round huts built reeds leaves grasses vegetation nearby small cleared fields subsistence farming difficult relocate entire village fields worn produce central africa includes lands wealthy americans europeans hunting trips called safaris hunting elephants zebras giraffes native african animals conservation laws protect animals national parks
arrive cape town ship impressed table mountain rises immediately city narrowness coastal plain typical section mozambique northwest table mountain southeast tip africa land rises ridges higher nearer sea level high veld reached veld dutch word field part africa savanna veld widens goes northward level grasslands rolling altitude varying feet altitude increased distance equator southern africa climate americans europeans find liking parts africa sun heat intense daytime altitude brings quick cooling evening vegetation plentiful east north high veld west especially southwest bushland kalahari desert extending atlantic ocean winds coming atlantic pass cool current picking moisture give rise cross land prevailing winds southeast follow warm mozambique current picking moisture approach africa southeastern shore rains fall winds rise cross mountains watering southeastern slopes reach high veld moisture lost reach kalahari region dry learned coming netherlands found cape town worked northward cape hope
captain james cook england map lands south pacific voyage took shores zealand australia cook claimed eastern part australia britain eighteen later england eleven shiploads settlers begin australia colony settlers ships half colonists choice convicted prisoners criminals jailed political reasons pay debts convicts american colonies cook journey american revolution ended practice american history indirect effect faraway australia colony established port jackson east coast location present city sydney territory known colony south wales american colonies australian settlement spread coast crossing mountains period forty coastal lands settled settlers began moving grasslands mountains explored adventurous explorers south wales included entire eastern half australia island tasmania areas broke south wales form colonies tasmania victoria queensland west australia south australia colonies later formed states commonwealth australia population australia grow rapidly gold discovered mountains adventurous parts rushed australia hope getting rich
captain tasman journey found tasmania sailed miles east discovered island group zealand named islands province homeland netherlands dutch trading company discovery islands secret fear british later captain cook rediscovered mapped islands island group zealand large islands smaller green grass trees land low mountains rolling hills gently rising coastal plains largest island called south island miles length hundred miles width separated south island cook strait north island irregular shape smaller south island small islands scattered shores coast rocky sections fine beach harbors officially britain send colonists zealand soon sydney australia established convicts escaped sea live islands privately sponsored group england zealand british living islands government felt affairs handled properly short zealand part australian colony south wales important problem british face reached islands fierce warlike tribe called maoris tribe belonged race called polynesian seemingly mixture caucasoid negroid mongoloid races developed islands southeast asia
industrial revolution began england centuries ago transportation communication faster speed horses land sailing ships sea took weeks cross atlantic ocean treaty ending war signed belgium december news reached united states battle orleans fought january growth manufacturing brought demand improved transportation increased quantities raw materials flowed factories finished products turned larger numbers soon steam engines invented power locomotives carried goods passengers ships paddle wheels turned wood burning steam engines soon rivers later england united states began experimenting steam speed ocean crossings soon steamships replaced sailing vessels screw propeller replaced paddle wheel engines improved required cross atlantic cut weeks improvements continued shipbuilding modern ocean liners cross atlantic days war ii nuclear energy began fuel submarines later surface vessels nuclear ships operate refueling today inventors working gas turbines replace present steam turbines nuclear ships practical centuries dreamed imitating birds soaring air dreamer leonardo da sketch design flying machine late experiments heavier air craft began succeed
marianne jason betsy ralph lori millions allergy sufferers thing common bodies react unusual substances difficulties microscopic grains pollen carried breeze bits household dust dander skin particles animals chemicals foods drugs venom insect sting trigger body defenses firemen responding false alarm body reactions protect invading germs threats mobilized harmless substances innocent bystanders body tissues hurt medical specialists estimate million americans suffer allergies ranging annoying sniffling sneezing hay fever threatening reaction result insect sting injection drug penicillin include minor allergies occasional skin rashes eating food contact fabric detergent half population allergic allergies kill forty americans die insect stings bites thousand die asthma asthma toll actually higher asthma victims develop heart disease infectious diseases pneumonia typical allergy victim danger dying faces lifetime minor miseries sniffles itches avoiding foods arranging vacations escape pollen season giving beloved pet change jobs medical treatments process drugs annoying side effects allergies number chronic disease children
charles blackley suggestions studies thought pollen grains tiny particles transmit plants reproductive cells sort toxin poison medical scientists learned immunize diseases diphtheria taking toxins bacteria changing form called toxoids injecting person body product antitoxins protect person getting disease london physician charles noon suggested immunized pollen toxin change pollen nontoxic developed method injected tiny amounts pollen extracts small harm period weeks months gradually increased dose eventually patients sensitive able tolerate pollen blowing air pollen season getting hay fever attacks dr noon ideas incorrect pollen toxin true toxin perfectly harmless understand method worked remains method term treatment helps allergy patients dr blackley ideas later proved studying amount pollen air put oiled microscope slides places city countryside counted number pollen grains stuck oily surface noticed higher pollen count hay fever victims sneezed today pollen counts results announced radio tv hay fever season
ragweed plants ripening open field release tiny pollen grains carried summer breezes miles pollen grains inhaled hay fever sufferer soon begins sneeze wife sitting breathing pollen laden air reaction happens allergy victim body allergic reaction allergies don gradually especially decade pieces allergy puzzle begun fall place scientists answers questions allergy promising leads discoveries thing firmly known allergies working body immune system body defenses protect harm allergies defenses control attempting protect body substances real threats harm constant struggle body continually challenged invading bacteria viruses harmful poisonous substances inhaled swallowed gotten rid changed damage body tissues inside body tissues cells continually wearing dying means provided recycle materials rid left cells changed begin run wild renegade body cells promptly weeded grow cancers overwhelm body kill body main lines defense foreign invaders enemies type white blood cells called lymphocytes
prehistoric humans bears inhabited caves reason similar diets bears contact compared bear human weak live groups survive bears easily strength independence bears inspired human respect ages bears admired worshiped cultures bear worship lasted twentieth century japanese tribes images bears cute vicious actually recent ideas based fantasy fact modern americans live cities forests northern wastelands bears thrive lost feeling bears strong intelligent wild animals bear species share traits large animals male polar alaskan brown bears weigh quarters ton reach height meters ten feet tall standing hind feet smallest malayan sun bear heavy person weighing kilograms pounds bears short thick legs heavy bodies strong muscular necks walk flat footed humans running toes dogs cats horses short tails barely noticeable small rounded ears small eyes noses sensitive bear fur fairly uniform color kinds light colored patches chests
bear species apparently evolved asiatic black bear today etruscan ancestor american black bear evolved early type asiatic black bear brown bears developed etruscan species brown bear cave bear extinct cave bears lived prehistoric bears huge heads grew bigger largest bears alive today think cavemen worshiped cave bear bear bones found european caves carefully arranged experts say evidence bear worship actually slight point bones pushed cave animals thousands experts think extinction cave bears believe humans involved brown bear today evolved northern areas open space features large size aggressiveness related living open areas polar bear completely adapted living treeless northern regions developed recently brown bears polar bear farthest forest dwelling etruscan bear places polar bears found completely treeless tolerate adult bears basically solitary animals spring mating season males females stay rest male bears mating female bear goes sperm male bear fertilize rarely tiny egg cells female body
cubs mother learn secrets bear fishing stream nourishes milk protects dangerous adult male bears play important young bears cubs play chasing fighting games puppies cub sneak give painful nip flank race cub chases furiously chases move trees giving cubs chance practice tree climbing skills play fighting cub rear paw fight cubs stand push trying knock balance cub grab neck teeth captured cub claws madly hind legs effort free play rough cub break flattening ears letting low warning sound end roughhousing quick painful bite trick warning sounds end play bears silent playing cubs induce mothers play young bears indulge extensively fun games cubs grow learn dig ants termites honey beehive months weaned longer feed mother milk rare cases female black bears nursed young especially high mountains summer season short
crossed bridge sahara desert instance exceedingly rare bridges part traveling familiar routes family cars grow accustomed crossing small bridges viaducts forget stop think remember bridge closed repairs detour realize difficult try imagine bridges removed places seriously disrupted traffic paralyzed business terrible bridges bring basic necessity civilization structures human beings built bridges prehistoric began build crudest shelter bridged streams early prehistoric tribes wanderers stay place think building houses wander finding stream nature provided bridges finding confronted narrow rapid river humans noticed tree fallen river bank bank person scrambled fallen log watching monkeys run human cross bridge eventually learned chop tree learned tree fall direction wanted fall wandering tribe deliberately tree fall stream bridge builders
working mud water river bottom difficult dangerous crushed maimed pile driver piles foundations important part bridge building part bridge underwater part important part matter superstructure foundation solid bridge fall pier foundations solid protected wear flowing river constantly stirs bottom water lower depths thick soup filled mud sand pebbles grind path current action called scour reduce wear tear current romans built fronts piers shape boat prow romans kind arch semicircular arch describes full half circle pier pier end half circle rests pier piers hold arch rest bridge built provided pier thick width arch bridge built arch stop partial structure stay place resumed romans built bridges summer fall weather water level generally lowest stopped winter spring
roman empire finally crumbled arts civilization crumbled lost altogether women withdrew monasteries preserved learning past centuries deserve called dark ages matter opinion certainly grim troubled lawless times times began improve early middle ages ready build monks taught monastic order northern italy fratres pontifices brotherhood bridgebuilders took steps knitting fabric civilization knitting indispensable stitches called bridges robbers cutthroats highwaymen swarmed rough roads age especially dangerous points travelers ford rivers manage horses crossing travelers found hard defend attack monks began build bridges places inspired fratres pontifices order french monks formed similar organization built bridge river durance ford treacherous called maupas bad step bridge help travelers named bonpas step bridges built grand scale roman bridges early wooden beam type stone piers wooden piles trained workmen monks stonecutters masons plasterers carpenters slaves paid
atoms exactly alike kind matter atoms protons electrons arranged ways hundred kinds atoms simplest kind matter called elements elements forms states changed elements found states call natural found gases liquids solids helium light gas element iron gold found solid elements difference element number electrons protons neutrons atoms makes characteristics behave ways atoms elements stayed hundred kinds matter elements combine compounds hydrogen oxygen combine water carbon hydrogen oxygen combine sugar elements compounds combine things unlike trees seas stones actually electrons whirling nuclei electrons nuclei build atoms groups atoms build molecules molecule smallest particle compound identified kind compound atom element hydrogen electron circling nucleus soon hydrogen atoms combined atom element oxygen molecule familiar compound water
shell tube called envelope envelope airtight inside burn electric current tube changed current place electron tubes plate collect electrons free plate called anode understand anode understand important thing electrons atoms chapter particles electricity nucleus electrons electrons bits negative electricity nucleus bits positive electricity called protons law nature positive electric particle pulls negative particle negative particle electrons stay close nuclei negative positive protons pulling reason anode electron tube electrons tube anode leaves nuclei positively charged hungry electrons soon electrons freed cathode yanked hungry positive nuclei anode number electrons speed force hit anode makes kind current tube passes electrons freed source getting nuclei ball paddle game imagine nucleus pulling electrons wooden paddle pulls ball attached rubber band
reason things solid electrons move fast orbits fill fast circle air lighted flashlight point light looks solid ring thomson englishman atoms possibly smallest particles matter explain force place explain power electricity attract electricity repel thomson decided kinds electricity atom kinds atom smallest particle matter atom nucleus positive electrical particles keeps particles negative electricity moving helps explain keeps atoms place negative electrons held positively charged nucleus held nearer negatively charged electrons atoms positively charged nuclei atoms electrons repel sure keeps electrons whirling nucleus distance pulled easier electron stay whirling atom leave atom electrically unbalanced atom eighty electrons tries exactly equal balance positive negative electricity matter disturbed atom tries hard balance
linking inscriptions buildings known civilization later city chichen itza mouth itza studied ruined pyramids merida capital yucatan knew spaniards conquered mexico important city maya realize difference chichen itza maya cities forests correctly identified unknown cities maya indians present inhabitants yucatan descended archives indies spain book written bishop yucatan diego de landa nearly centuries neglect found book contained abbreviated account maya writing bishop landa questioned wisest find told hieroglyphs read sounds spanish alphabet scholars soon realized signs written landa seen copied ancient monuments forest maya syllables true alphabet landa collection signs small help gave exact account symbols counting decipher dates astronomical facts recorded maya monuments clear ancient cities contained inscriptions times end nineteenth century arrange series monuments order date style art changed
painting sculpture architecture maya equaled ancient american civilization developed style distinctively balanced florid extreme color wall paintings piece sculpture tropical light maya cities sight fantastic splendor textiles woven elaborate ceremonial designs painted embroidered gaily colored thread feathers tropical birds obtainable abundance garments covered featherwork worn notable headdresses fantastic form bark paper plumage jewels jade shell worn ear ornaments collars wristlets anklets hard jade differing mineral compositions cut bored carved polished abrasive sand pottery excellent forms decorated carving painting wheel potters skill forming types vessel daily temples truly remarkable pots painted carved orange black fine craftsmanship brilliant lived stone age metals knowledge late history toltecs mexican highlands brought bronze bells chisels gold country occasionally gold trade form ready ornaments tribes panama maya civilization depended largely cultivation corn wild animals including deer insufficient provide meat large population semiwild peccaries flocks tame turkeys wild cultivated fruits enjoyed real staple corn
born fortunate unfortunate nature matter fate fault fate led illness accident mutilation thought due personal wickedness crossed path god wrong misfortune fell say maya callous protected unfortunate family considered misfortune show gods special interest victim homes suffering relatives hatred disdain gods visited affliction assistance thought unlucky refuse handful grain piece cloth passing fate brought reason maya gods call gods independent beings forces nature nature evil maya realized control wind rain decide harvest drought accepted fact forces greater powers mankind offerings obtain goodwill gods function priest offerings gods pray things find gods forecast events priest weather forecaster psychiatrist tropical climate regular weather occasional big storms run fairly regular pattern seasons
moons ago faraway beginning california land indians california knows record tell written remembered studied things believe indians asia continent boats cross ocean reached north america alaska bering strait point siberia alaska sixty miles places stepping stone islands diomedes longest distance islands twenty miles bering strait frozen crossed ice continent found icy areas known area dry land walked siberia alaska mystery facts known ago settled groups period indians lived central california forty hundred ago northwestern part thousand ago southern coast desert areas west sierra nevada snowy mountains believed indians california fifteen thousand white settlers scientists guess indians southward alaska canada canada land covered ice snow thousand ice free avenue canada south canada rocky mountains
early californians lived coast ate clams mussels seafood threw shells heaps sides villages piles shells grew heaps mounds san francisco bay area hundred mounds found shell mounds found shore santa barbara santa barbara islands wind rain beaten mounds broken shells held clue villages stood thousands indian objects found california hundred found accident finders museums visitors scientists spend lives search objects found bit bit pieces puzzle put help understand kind careful study scientists gradually reaching past proving indians california thousands ago records early explorers indian objects found clue customs ago cradle age indians learned history indians living california remember stories early days told parents grandparents stories passed age age tribe tribe hundreds
yokuts beds digging hole dirt floor filling dried tule grass families spread tule mats floor center fire piled mats inside walls slept springy pine needles mats beds softer clothes storage baskets things owned hung sides walls shelves dug earth string hammock cupboard closet things stored evening warm cozy fire family sang listened stories told older members families small houses moved territory looking food food gathering times summer fall vacations hills mountains gathered seeds acorns season stayed place put light brush covered shelter open sides held poles kind house villages called sweat house later called temescal warm inside indians sweat freely california tribes family groups sweat houses colorado river indians lived desert areas hot kind house especially summer months sweathouses ways place curing ills place clean indians believed clean gave strength hot fire center room
middle century wholly kind american sprang soil texas created land horned cattle roamed wild spent days saddle hard dull dangerous free closest companions horses cattle traveled places kansas wyoming montana canada end died barbed wire railroads homesteaders changing times kind american cowboy seized imagination original cowboy lives vanished american scene lives song story rides modern cowboy horseback jeep pickup truck helicopter exists imaginations ridden open range shared campfire open range cattle created cowboy cattle handled foot fenced pastures east handling wild cattle unfenced land required horseback cowboy born land cattle set terms cowboy duties doors months end rounding cattle branding driving market called special skills handling animals called special virtues courage face danger strength endure hardship loneliness
stephen austin led colony english speaking americans missouri texas texas province mexico won independence spain spanish settlers austin try settle grasslands western texas grasslands high fairly dry land woods water home plains indians austin chose settle eastern texas brazos colorado rivers land wooded watered fertile colonists feel home land left indians generally peaceful beginning trouble indians trouble mexican government families united states moving texas mexican government alarmed passed strict laws control texas area english speaking settlers rebelled fighting broke declared texas independent republic december texas joined union event angered mexican government claimed texas war broke ended victory united states peace texas english speaking texans warred indians warred mexican troops fought horseback attacking suddenly withdrawing swiftly order survive texans soon learned fight methods texas knew ride fighting put horseback taught ride skill daring mexicans indians
drives cattle trail driven north texas destination sedalia missouri railhead missouri pacific cattle shipped st louis cities trail uncertain uncharted disaster lurked turn part drive texans found trailing half wild cattle timbered hilly country streams ran deep steep banks north met armed mobs farmers feared spread texas fever stock cattle thieves ready stampede cattle murder cowboys order steal herds worst cattle thieves infested roads southwestern missouri led sedalia texans forced seek routes turned eastward heading cattle missouri arkansas line heading st louis town east sedalia wooded hilly country lend cattle drives turned west southern boundary kansas grassy plains settlements cut north kansas turned east st joseph missouri cattle shipped chicago problems texans money cattle drives taught cattle trails future lie west open grassy plains inhabited warlike indians preferred timbered land armed mobs found east things took turn cow town west established abilene kansas
reason interested ancient greeks left literature unrivalled beauty wisdom produce literature language needed greeks fortunate possessing language flexible musical express shade meaning emotion language language greeks composed masterpieces poetry drama philosophy rhetoric history stir wonder imagination mankind read original appreciate full beauty depth english translations learn greeks thought felt manner lives led side side writings left products artistic genius stately temples graceful sculptured statues delicate painted pottery metal ornaments supplement knowledge comes written records knowledge possess earliest phase greek history drawn sources thirteenth century christ tribe greek speaking folk called achaeans eastern europe peninsula call greece peninsula found inhabited ancient reached high civilization closely connected ancient civilization adjacent island crete found lordly castles built hill tops surrounded massive walls huge cyclopean boulders warlike capture succeeded making fortresses examples fortresses seen tiryns mycenae argive plain remains palaces archaeologists unearthed able learn splendid style achaean princes lived
dancers played game ball tune athletic exercises strenuous sort popular greeks times lovers sports close alcinous banquet young competed running wrestling boxing jumping weight throwing odysseus middle aged astonished company throwing monster stone marks activiites womenfolk mixed freely true separate quarters house rule banquets males remarkable independence wives daughters homeric chieftains compared enviable condition women later times poems full beautiful feminine characters hector wife andromache faithful penelope waited twenty husband home coming lovely helen elopement troy prime greeks expedition maiden nausicaa befriended odysseus washed ashore shipwreck homeric poems remarkable delicacy courtesy manners young invariably rise seats older enters room strangers show unfailing courtesy rebuking louts think foreigner fair game insolence behaviour found peasant folk european countryside vulgarity town civilization virtues common live close nature certainly homeric folk natural emotions strong honest loves hates passionate
toughness principal quality lycurgan system aimed producing boys barefoot wore single garment lay bed thistledown reeds swam eurotas strong flowing rivers greece drawing waters snowcapped peaks mount taygetus towers vale lacedaemon manner sports practised running wrestling throwing dancing resembled call musical drill games specially devised promote pugnacity lads divided teams packs team posted island surrounded streams business team expel main force kicking biting scratching tearing eyes school lessons doubtful majority taught read write memory trained learning laws heart recite homer favourite songs patriot poet tyrtaeus rhetoric art public speaking greeks admired spartans despised mistrusted affected deliberate curtness speech examples breakfast supper hades generals army hopelessly entrapped foreign ambassador sparta seeking assistance addressed harangue councillors conclusion remarked forgotten half follow
diverse elements incorporated roman empire reflected development town discussing important topic advisable consider extent living towns roman conquests greece egypt eastern mediterranean countries ancient tradition urban civilization blossomed splendid hellenistic cities centuries result areas majority towns pre roman origin roman contribution chiefly consists buildings reconstruction coast north africa pre roman developments account egypt ancient civilization pharoahs overlaid hellenistic dynasty ptolemies cyrenaica produced evidence strong ptolemaic influence west comes area previously punic carthaginian rule mediterranean applies southern coastal areas portugal spain southern france greek colonization initiated urban settlements number sites including marseilles st remy situation roman conquests rest france britain low countries rhineland frontier provinces danube clear numerous tribes controlled territories lands varied extent according success inhabitants waging war neighbours making successful tribal alliances profiting trading opportunities circumstances warlike tribes tended driven fertile areas marshy hilly country growing fresh generation young warriors appearance leader diplomatic martial ability soon change fortunes individual tribe
memorials show slaves accumulate money gifts business activities promoted masters save buy freedom freed master kindness instructions contained freedman took master family continued perform services look help protection continued member household helped establish occupation freedmen frequently dedicated altars patrons welfare bath aquae sulis aufidius eutuches aufidius lemnus goddess sulis honour centurion aufidius maximus officers active service depended freedmen adequate burial favonius facilis owes century tombstone survives colchester verecundus novicius slaves freed spain masclia glauca freedwoman heiress remembered patroness masclia augusta patron salvius bathillus put memorial altar deserving freedwoman spanish tombstone erected julius gallus julia prima wife freedwomen husband patron suspect romance description towns types empire selected illustrate characteristic buildings shops private houses found chapter student roman provincial architecture fail impressed colossal amount building wonder organized decision build city site earlier settlement official team land surveyors appointed direct
gifts town revenues chiefly obtained rents land territory town increased extent result gifts legacies natural resources fines water rates small charge baths market taxes local customs duties contributed smaller amounts inscription ephesus lists charges payable city council include licence fees denarius sellers salt parsley registration birth denarii payable proclamation announcing victor games rivalry erecting fine buildings led cities overspend gradually central government began supervise expenditure closely correspondence pliny governor bithynia emperor trajan illustrates types problem arose city nicomedia spent sesterces starting aqueduct later abandoned demolished money wasted failure large prosperous city watersupply essential pliny ordered survey find suitable springs suggested fresh building masonry bricks cheaper trajan approved instructed governor find responsible previous waste money nicaea ten million sesterces spent half finished theatre damp site foundations looked solid pliny building sinking cracking gymnasium replace destroyed fire badly planned architect admittedly rival planned declared walls unlikely strong support superstructure
greek roman city corinth built natural terraces overlooking fertile plain miles harbours lechaion gulf corinth west ships sailing adriatic sea kenchreai east aegean traffic cargoes portaged side isthmus traffic central south greece cross greek city destroyed roman consul mummius lay desolate century julius caesar refounded colony vespasian damaged earthquake rebuilding century corinth administrative capital greece surpassing athens wealth importance destruction occurred barbarian invasions earthquakes city burned alaric goths later history corinth tends repeat cycle reconstruction earthquakes sackings result roman sites extensively robbed building materials excavations revealed monuments mentioned pausanias visit city identified begin colonists left older buildings early century corinth began transformation roman city alterations greek agora market place south side row shops rooms partition walls removed larger rooms town administration horseshoe shaped room council chamber east end row small building cnacus babbius philinus duovir corinth altered fifty later son grandson
site later triumphal arch caracalla main street volubilis continues east gate north side recently excavated houses house labours hercules built dating late century named subject mosaic floor number fine rooms mosaics large suite baths owner let accommodation dinner parties row built early century nos soon fitted empty space nos street front room narrow vestibule single entrance shops selling fishing tackle possibly pottery house occupied oil works end reign caracalla shops appeared south side street runs houses century houses expanded north gradually absorbed shops east side street comes house gold coins comprises rooms built beginning century originally smaller soon grew westerly direction include insula possibly incorporating earlier buildings owner rich fastidious tastes commercial interests included rents shops occupy street fronts sides house corner rooms passage upper storey let separate apartment
tombstones grammatici infrequent domitius isquilinus cordoba taught greek literature lived known masters attract numerous pupils grammatici poorly paid ausonius contrasts greek grammatici bordeaux patient earnest teachers making small profit marcellus narbonne crowded classes brought wealth grammaticus scant deserving imperial encouragement teachers led exemption taxation cases tritium spain salaries paid municipalities sixteen promising scholar study rhetoric rhetor public speaking important part roman decurion holding office skill declamation ability write persuasive speech essential educated italy known rhetores gaul country oratory highly regarded ogmios god poetry eloquence drawing fine gold chains leading tongue ears inscriptions referring rhetores provinces include cadiz newly conquered areas education part deliberate policy romanization sons local aristocracy gathered general sertorius spain gradually network schools spread iberian peninsula africa latin introduced caesar schools developed true gaul suetonius caligula mentions military school young german hostages rhine tacitus records agricola setting schools britain pupils learnt greek latin gaul greek colonies marseilles places produced eminent teachers
realized landmark century drop number deaths heart attacks young middle aged number heart attack deaths continued drop winning war heart disease sure recent encouraging drop heart disease number killer americans americans fall victim heart attacks die cardiovascular ailments diseases heart blood vessels heart disease killer crippler estimated million americans suffer kinds cardiovascular diseases lives filled pain disability fear congress passed legislation committing united states war heart disease massive effort research aimed discovering treatments cures cardiovascular disease hundreds millions dollars spent heart disease research unanswered questions remain fierce debates raging heart disease single disease group conditions affect cardiovascular system believed cases heart disease caused germ disease modern style eating getting exercise smoking living stress things increase risk developing heart disease medical research produced effective drugs startling surgical advances believed recent decrease heart attack deaths age group due mainly eating habits drop cigarette smoking control risk factor high blood pressure
blood flows heart body eventually carried heart capillaries join form slightly larger blood vessels called venules join join turn form veins technical word joining anastomosis veins turn anastomose veins form larger veins finally largest veins empty heart wonder body need pumps cardiovascular system reason actually circulatory systems largest loop network blood vessels carries blood body tissues called systemic circulation starts left ventricle contracts send blood rushing artery called aorta largest blood vessel body fully inch diameter heart aorta curves handle cane giving branches supply head neck trunk arms legs parts body veins return blood parts body merge form main veins superior vena cava upper parts inferior vena cava lower parts empty atrium able watch drop blood travels body branching point trip numerous choices shoulder arm finger matter part body happened visit entire trip systemic circulation left ventricle arteries arterioles capillaries venules veins atrium minute
person buys car expect lifetime care lucky avoid accidents give service dozen batteries mufflers tires parts replaced car need engine machines built humans limited lifetimes washing machines featured ads handed generation generation turn loads clean diapers clothes rare exceptions general rule human heart machine pump unlike machines metal plastic human hearts working tirelessly eventually hearts wear efficient finally break entirely idea think heart disease happens hearts wear hard part heart disease story small part heart disease affect middle aged younger adults teenagers children newborn babies heart disease disease number types disorders affecting heart blood vessels babies born hearts form perfectly hole heart major blood vessel leading heart pinched heart barely pump blood
shipload palantine germans reached philadelphia continued arrive revolutionary war wrongly confusingly call pennsylvania dutch preferred cling language ways run affairs remain aloof colony bought cheap land ring quaker farms encouragement english pushed westward unsettled country colony viewpoint germans buffer indians noticed late farm land pennsylvania german farms villages reached susquehanna river heart piedmont plateau appalachians atlantic ocean earlier swedish settlers delaware built log dwellings side water germans certainly saw houses noted perfectly suited country trees idea remembered homes black forest uncertain built neat log cabins passed method built carefully west america trees grew neighbors germans lancaster called scotch irish accurate irish visited ireland hundred scots fighters james confiscated ulster moved scottish border run native irish hills century things bad ulster bringing crossgrained independence thousands america land taking
plenty hides leather oaks hemlocks supply tanbark curing grew yards cabin bark prepared pounding stump club wasn reduced wheat grain size professional tanner demanded fine serve hair removed skins soaking wood ashes water washed put layers ground tanbark trough sunk ground trough full water hides soaking tannic acid leached bark eastern tanners soaked months removed washed oiled bear oil curried softness worked turned edge knife winter women wore shoepacks tops high ten inches foot part adopted piece moccasin modern loafer shoepacks soles sturdier moccasins home pair civilized boots required professional craftsman leather hunting shirt frontiersman shown coonskin cap didn wear fur hat wintertime coonskin sense wear straw hat summer wife plaited straw cornhusks rushes essential item backwoodsman equipment leather shot pouch hung side strap left shoulder
french watched westward drift pioneers didn celoron de post border ohio allegheny rivers celoron actually nailed signs trees buried engraved lead plates proclaiming domain louis xv king france stately language french put teeth claims building line strongholds southward presque isle lake erie forts leboeuf venango woods fort duquesne forks ohio governor dinwiddie virginia major george washington leboeuf venango protest british soil french cool politeness disagreed french began french indian war dispossessing washington fort necessity monongahela river eventually nations europe drawn scrap general braddock failed spectacularly fort duquesne lost attempt cut wagon trail fort cumberland maryland ohio river later john forbes cut trail harris ferry harrisburg southern pennsylvania french destroyed fort duquesne reached fort pitt later pittsburgh built replace quebec fell french signed treaty paris abandoned north american continent entirely codfish salting islands newfoundland spanish florida ceded britain treaty americans looked greedy eyes mountains ink damp treaty king george iii forbade settlement west fall line line drawn east mountains lowest rapids major streams
intervals military service duty calls court earl visit estates tenants mark estates scattered england let say holds block land sussex kent ancestor received norman conquest block march wales frontier wales england won sword reign william refusu valleys northern moors fruit prudent marriage twelfth century follows latest fashion built house thames city london village westminster lodge business exchequer ancestors gave land monastery london forever afterward regard family benefactors case lodge monastery need town house goes court visits london business countess eager modes france meet ladies children stay home travel deal home move seasons yorkshire fief high summer sussex winter late summer autumn pass welsh castle woods father hunt deer woods reserved king travel wheeled vehicle saw knight riding cart assume prisoner gallows
dress general gentlemen wear clothes type important garment tunic reaching nearly ankle sleeves wrist put head neckline low show top shirt front generally speaking wear collars throats bare collarbone pockets tunic place girdle waist girdle slung purse hold odds ends money dagger bunch keys hang separately girdle tunic slit front bottom waist convenience riding walking tunic outer garment meant seen handsome colored cloth tunic shirt english climate surcoat worn warm weather pleasant august morning ralph roger put sleeveless surcoats wide holes arms neck surcoat slit front tunic skirts inches shorter show handsome garment underneath legs boys wear hose tight stockings knitting invented hose fine woolen cloth cut bias shaped leg fit tightly knee widen drawers tucked dressed takes care hose taut unwrinkled top front tongue cloth reaches fastened point thin cord shoestring coming girdle holds drawers
high peaks saddle protect rider mail shirt divides waist mounting difficult feat learned constant practice horse bit savage curb set high mouth nervous tug reins bring destrier backward rider ride correct knightly fashion legs straight pointed forward toe jammed saddle blow shield shift ride knight easy ralph began practicing ago getting close helm bothers heavy pot covers head comes shoulders fact appears rest shoulders framework fits crown head takes weight narrow horizontal slit lower cluster small holes breathing inside helm feels safe straight ahead scratch nose brush sweat eyes wonder veteran warriors prefer real battle steel cap neck covering chain mail close helm worn tournaments opponents aim face summit close helm place ralph wear crest boiled leather rises wreath colored silk dignity demands ride wearing crest ralph rides tall pole stuck ground roger sitting chaplain room reading aloud chronicle written latin understands reads sentences simply constructed knows meaning latin words
ralph peregrine training carries chance crowds accustomed crowds church perched wrist sooner later clergy complain father hawks church standing quarrels clerks laity falconers point hooded birds sit quietly disturbance clerks reply brute creation church behaves quietly ralph hawk eyes covered hood stay quiet wrist removes hood throws air chase quarry comes critical moment return master waves lure hawks answer lure ralph satisfied anne goshawk looked falconer mews sees goes hawking frightened sharp beak seldom takes hood fact fond hawking pastime hawk wrist looks decorative addition mark gentle birth roger learning falconry hawk mews practices hooding unhooding need deft fingers sure touch watched head falconer seal bird sewing eyelids dependent captors obedient
fades torches lit wall sconces pine wood giving plentiful light amid shower sparks candles stand high table beeswax countess smelly tallow ends wax candles costly carefully guarded evening fresh candles lit high table keeping earl dignity leftovers valuable perquisites knows beeswax candle ends clerks tallow stewards huntsmen falconers general write lists evening stairs castle rush lights save breaking neck guardroom burn night give light reading writing suppertime thinking presently minstrel stands middle hall sing french songs composes performs ranks gentleman sits salt flight artists countess summer poems familiar move winter place family touch movements literature poetry fashions changing elaborate songs troubadours intricate meter savage satire contemporary political allusions longer found difficult understand audience nearly poet
sir william dresses carefully today important public engagement puts hose saffron yellow green tunic dyes colors expensive surcoat corps loose outdoor garment put head reaching knee hood hangs loose wide sleeves longer wearer arms cover hands cold weather front sleeve slit shoulder elbow arms slits sleeves hanging empty wearer hands unencumbered sir william corps gray unbleached wool worn weather look smart girdle hangs loose sons wear plain linen coifs clean ornament wash trough yard ladies find warm water clean towels kitchen maidservants busy spend carrying washbasins stairs bedchambers stairs steep ladderlike gangway easily removed repair local carpenter removed measure defense seek refuge enemies flimsy upper story inflammable partitions floor crucifix stands chest corner hall minutes family kneel prayer sir william leads muttered fathers hail marys hear mass morning noblemen live genuinely devout
lashing number tree trunks logs strong vines raft raft poled paddled river carrying goods conceived idea hacking tree trunk hollow sit paddled passengers goods carried later thought shaping ends trunk cut water easily dawn recorded history rafts canoes larger boats cross rivers america ferry service ferry meaning carry provided friendly indians lived banks eastern rivers trinkets paddle passengers canoes wasn travel commerce early colonial days settlements grew larger travel trade increased sailboats began move rivers regular ferry services established places larger rivers robert fulton invented steamboat sailed hudson river steam engine recently invented james watt england turn huge paddle wheels side boat hudson river barrier populated industrial states northeast states west south broad mouth separated fast growing city york mainland end hudson part busy port york thoroughfare large ocean liners freight boats naval vessels
north american indians bridge builders crossed river barriers canoes bridges north america built earliest colonists settlers carpenter bridge builders heavy timbers planks construct sturdy bridges material abundant heavily forested land thousand ago romans builders stone stone arches support roadways rivers discovered build stone piers water able construct span stone arches stone arch bridges built early part nineteenth century era iron steel bridges began steam engine turned paddle wheels robert fulton steamboat england pull railroad trains shortly steam locomotive invented railroad building boom started coming united states england iron ore coal smelt united states soon bridges iron supported railroad tracks river barriers rode horsedrawn carriages coaches goods delivered horse drawn vehicles nowadays hard imagine days iron shod horses slithered iron rimmed wagon wheels clattered cobbled streets dusty rutted country roads beginning twentieth century automobile quickly motor minded thirty thousand motor vehicles united states number increased thirty million today ninety million passenger cars motor trucks motor buses roads motor vehicles city streets paved country dirt roads scraped hard surfaced roads laid superhighways concrete constructed
wires bound clusters wires cable spun clusters pressed powerful machine cable immediately heavy coat red lead prevent rust wrapped rustproof wire painted red lead final coat paint cable ready bear burden ends cables anchored massive mounds concrete size anchorage depends number size cables weight support reach height ten story building mass pyramid straight strong thick suspensor cables hung main attached roadway hold trusses girders roadway put ground sections weigh tons section center span water floated barge position bridge hoisted strong cables powerful engines suspensor cables attached bolted riveted sections place roadway started towers river span section fixed place landspan section balance section section river spanned midsection remains fit place ends coaxed jacks weather caused steel expand tens millions bolts rivets fix girders plates trusses place
awe fear army francisco vasquez de coronado moved slowly flat dry land ahead earth stretch sky grimly noted grass traveled lie flat sprang instantly erect passed trail ahead seemingly eternal emptiness sides flatness horizon visible direction overpowering living bowl coronado imagine pint measure sky edge crossbow shot sky treacherous learned marched searing sun gritty wind pelting hail dented heavy spanish armor indians buffalo passed home strange plains crossed spanish explorer coronado europeans limitless land indians lived coronado army strange collection animals frightening vision indians horseback horses totally indians thought rider horse single animal mounted spaniards full fighting gear mail gilded armor threw sun rays wearing visored iron helmets carrying lances terrified nearly naked indians met route cavalry armed afoot mexican indians extra horses head cattle sheep pack mules
warfare greater game stealing capturing horses tribes later white considered proper thing skillful horse thief according american army officer crawl bivouac dozen sleeping horse tied wrist lariat cut rope feet sleeper person horse waking soul horses wealth importance measured number horses owned ceremonies called generous gifts horses ranked highest birth son indians give pony paid desirable things horses brave wanted marry pretty girl pay family ten horses privilege indians bartered horses guns ammunition children taught ride care colts grew older larger swifter horses warrior died horse buried ride eternity roughly village tribes acquired large herds horses plains indians captured wild horses tamed trained perfection buffalo hunting warfare hunts battle indians rode bareback later added simple saddle buffalo skin buffalo thongs rawhide bridles catlin continually amazed comanches thought extraordinary horsemen seen travels
began horses plains indians grew nomadic longer led lives ancestors learn ways fighting housing clothing answer needs devised horse travois short bow larger portable shelter buffalo skins today signs plains indian culture known buffalo skin tepee word comes dakota identify tribe portable home buffalo skin tepee gave excellent protection changeable weather plains simple structure build carry put tribes built tepees styles general pattern size tepee determined wealth owner number lived basic support poles varied length depending size tepee ten twelve tepees simply furnished nomadic tribes burden horses belongings beds buffalo robes laid ground arapaho beds raised ground rests tables chairs blackfoot crow rests willow sticks sinew directly center tepee indians built fires warmth cooking fireplace vent hole purposely left tent pair skin ears adjusted direct smoke escape entrance tepee covered small flap skin
civilization emerge china roots chinese culture thousand china nomads wanderers drifted aimlessly place place building villages homes early chinese holes ground learned farming raised scanty crops millet kind wheat inkling happened suddenly chinese began gather large towns generations learned ways farming began raise wheat rice master carpenters pottery makers invented write drawing pictures strips bamboo fourth civilization developed river huang ho yellow river civilizations ancient pyramids egypt hundred sumerians euphrates valley conquered invaders cities indus valley starting die chinese grew flourished older cultures fading today china trace straight settlers yellow river thousand ago civilization today nearly egypt greatness ended twenty hundred ago cities euphrates deserted ruins christ indus civilization disappeared forty centuries ago chinese goes changed ways course early foundations seen
li ssu persuaded king cheng renew war rest china king grandfather king chao ch conquer china twenty armies ch remained home invade li ssu chance ten thousand later king cheng troops battle invaded neighboring han king han offered submit pledge allegiance ch king cheng accept offer knew happened kings chou dynasty tried rule intend let monarchs china thrones conquered han completely occupied troops took chao wei ch defeated parts powerful chin king cheng invaded chu large southern ch fell later turn yen northeast states ch fell onrushing chariots ch ch triumphant china half centuries collapse chou rule chinese owed allegiance ch rule loose reined rule chou king cheng accept homage defeated kings stripped titles rank
method served mountainous country farther west loess district chinese civilization born yellow river makes big northward loop yellow plains stone foundations clay bricks soft fine loess meng workmen built wall loess chopping loess carving blocks leaving ridge standing plain materials covered loess wall facing brick stone places put wooden framework filled rammed earth wall district heap hard mud lasted surprisingly centuries rebuilt repair damage caused heavy rains served purpose american traveler visited section wall found neglect impressive barrier places fifteen feet high fifteen feet thick towers thirty feet high mud wrote west fertile loess region meng encountered barren forbidding desert built wall rammed earth exact location original wall walls rampart covered desert sand section desert terrain mountainous meng continued onward building brick stone reached frontier outpost kiayukuan
knows sun rises east sets west don realize stars stars low eastern sky sunset climb higher higher sky hours pass midnight overhead start going west set west sun rises east morning stars rise set reason sun earth spinning top turning west east makes things surrounding earth move look surrounding sky looks large hollow sphere inside center upper half sphere lower half hidden ground earth turns west east sky sphere turn east west sun moon planets stars look dots painted inside sphere sphere turn carries daily trip earth sun moon planets hold places sky sphere season season move fireflies crawling surface lived greece thousand ago called wanderers stars places pasted sky sphere thousands called fixed stars stars fixed sky sphere groups stars shape learn recognize
watch stars rise set notice rise earlier set earlier star rises east today overhead midnight set tomorrow morning month rise sun climbed sky overhead midnight west set month star rise set hours earlier months rise set months rise noon set midnight months rise set daytime won night stars rise set earlier month month sky shifts seasons stars east evening springtime overhead summer evening fall find west sunset set wintertime won night set winter stars summer stars spring stars fall stars look stars sky season find night stars shift seasons motion earth sun diagram sun center sky sphere earth makes trip sun earth position wintertime months later summertime side sun earth spins axis daytime part earth faces sun
suppose receive letter distant city find touched letter sealed examined fingerprints letter fingerprints lines lines compare fingerprints letter fingerprints friends distant city find touched letter astronomers idea find chemical elements surface star light star letter sends chemical element surface star puts fingerprint light leaves star comparing fingerprints starlight fingerprints elements find surface star fingerprints elements star found spectrum star spectrum formed separating colors narrow beam light star arranging side side rainbow astronomers find bright band colors spectrum striped series dark lines line color faint spectrum looks dark background brighter colors surround lines help identify chemical elements star element responsible putting definite lines spectrum dark lines spectrum identification tags elements special connection light atoms light signal atom
human beings began look sky attention noticed filled stars clear nights stars exist fixed pattern stayed night night sky stars change position slowly regularly viewed fixed night say soon sunset vault sky turn took complete turn original position stars held pattern sky turned objects sky changed position background fixed stars sun circle brilliant light brightest object sky sky drowns stars light scattered sunlight turns sky blue sun sets rises pattern stars pattern shifts clear sun moves pattern moon sun circle light dimmer stars seen shining sky shifts position pattern stars night night easy moon moves sky rate greater sun means position respect sun occasion close sun seen shine faintly daytime sunlight drown
greeks named ruler gods zeus romans chief god jupiter left sixth planet moved slowly slowly greeks thought fitting god expected move slowly age happens zeus ruler gods according greek myths existed father kronos ruled gods universe eventually zeus warred father overthrew ruled place kronos lived retirement greeks pictured named sixth planet moves slowly kronos romans didn myth god named saturnus god agriculture greeks considered kronos god agriculture romans identified saturnus kronos named sixth planet saturnus call saturn ancients counted planets knew metals gold silver copper mercury iron tin lead natural suppose metals corresponded planets surely gold represent sun silver moon copper rare beautiful venus brightest object sun moon mercury quick moving liquid metal quick moving planet iron metal war weapons mars tin white metal white gleaming jupiter
aphelion saturn kilometers miles farther sun perihelion large difference equal distance earth sun enormous distance saturn sun difference distance equal distance earth sun noticeable saturn earth earth saturn happen side sun travels orbit saturn closer earth sun planets opposite sides sun saturn farther earth sun suppose saturn perihelion earth side sun saturn saturn close earth kilometers miles earth saturn aphelion earth opposite side sun saturn earth kilometers miles saturn making revolution sun travels orbital path nearly kilometers miles nearly ten times path earth revolution sun saturn path nearly ten times earth wouldn surprising took saturn nearly ten times revolution sun takes earth actually takes saturn thirty times english scientist isaac newton worked theory universal gravitation showed planets circled sun influence sun gravitational attraction
planet oblate easy equator equator lie major axis elliptical outline locate equator noticing line parallel direction spots planet surface move planet rotates halfway extreme ends planet axis rotation straight angles plane revolution sun half planet stretching north pole south pole sunlight half dark planet turned spot surface experience alternation days nights equal length planets actually rotate case axis tipped form angle plane planet revolution tipped slightly bit vertical axis tipped north pole points partly sun south pole sun north pole regions large region depends pole tipped perpetual sunlight planet rotates south pole regions perpetual night regions neighborhood equator experience alternation night regions north equator days longer nights regions south equator nights longer days stay permanently planet revolves sun axis rotation change angle tilt
saturn axis tipped angle nearly degrees means rings tipped angle nearly degrees plane saturn orbit sun saturn orbit nearly plane earth orbit means saturn rings tipped plane earth orbit ecliptic things huygens noted jumbled letters rings maintain position saturn revolves sun means astronomers earth fortunate rings angles saturn end orbit look part ring front saturn ring swoop downward leaving globe saturn sticking saturn opposite end orbit side ring look ring swoop upward leaving globe saturn sticking saturn revolves sun twenty half takes nearly fifteen saturn move end orbit means ring sweep front saturn swoop front side fifteen later fifteen saturn moving end orbit amount tip ring constantly starting extreme downward swoop tilts slowly upward reaches extreme upward swoop
french astronomer edouard roche tried happen moon imagined circle nearer nearer earth tidal effects moon earth stronger stronger earth larger body produce greater effect moon moon produce earth earth intense gravitation able withstand strain moon approach moon suffer eventually moon close structure withstand pull tidal effect begin break continue break smaller smaller pieces pieces small bothered tidal effects breakup involved tidal effect alter orbit moon fragments pieces moon begin circle earth places according force exerted breakup produced tidal effects force circle earth plane earth equator fragments stretch wide thin structure saturn rings explanation saturn rings attendant body moon reason gotten close saturn pulled tidal effects planet formed matter collected form subsidiary bodies matter close planet tidal effects collecting large body stay fragments
planet wrong ancestors believed sea narrow river surrounding rocks soil lived named planet earth land found known earth undoubtedly named ocean tremendous areas water cover quarters surface sun family planets earth unique possession oceans remarkable oceans exist exist largest part earth surface temperature small range water remains liquid short ordinary conditions water freezes boils gas surprising variety ways properties liquid water purposely designed place exist water unusually high capacity storing heat result oceans act heat reservoirs cool earth summer warm winter important characteristic water dissolve substances liquid known exist earth moment water capability living organisms large small chemical factories carry business means amazing variety chemical reactions reactions place water present dissolve reacting substances bring molecules water forms part chemical compounds found living tissue seventy cent human body water
natural history sea development evolution plants animals live story animals including plants live land descend organisms lived sea sea imagining earth older scientists believe earth born thousand million ago sea begin fill water later water rocks earth cooled reached atmosphere form vapour collected clouds temperature earth continued drop vapour condensed fell rain earth appeared early million ago estimate based part bacteria algae fossils found south africa rocks known million assumption modern science living things tiny organisms possessing ability reproduce property distinguishes living things non living simple single celled microorganisms certainly shape sea water formation event happened important leap living organisms acquired ability capture energy sunlight food chemicals dissolved sea living things took carbon dioxide dissolved sea water sunlight able produce sugar releasing oxygen ability perform complicated acts acquired period stages
days sailing ships set oceans ideas sea based myths wrong information thing believed ocean floor flat truth varied features seen land huge mountains plunging canyons broad plateaux narrow valleys steep cliffs found ocean bottom fact ocean floor rugged land erosion ocean floor land ocean floor stretching land mass divided domains continental shelf shallow border zone crammed comes continental slopes undersea extension continent ends finally deep ocean basin shelves skirt earth coasts reaching outwards average kilometres shoreline gradually carrying land depth metres parts shelves waterline ice age tremendous amount water locked glaciers lowering amount water oceans discoveries mammoth teeth kilometres shore continents submerged land dry outermost edge continental shelves ocean floor slopes kilometres places slopes fairly gentle mountains crowd coast shelf descent kilometres top mountain bottom adjacent trench
heart works wonders conscious effort part aware beating stop listen sound stop action thinking start willpower stop reason understand things starts beat stops heart beats regularly skips beat regular rhythm regular contractions relaxes briefly rests heart job pump composed completely muscle largest involuntary muscle body heart feels thinks need think moving arm leg finger toe heart muscle contracts meet demands conscious effort despite involuntary nature normal action heart responds signals body feel anger fear rage emotions exercising sleeping heart rate increased decreased need oxygen body increases decreases heart central systems body organ move blood organs protected places body surrounded ribs history heart focus attention centuries understand function granted powers poets contended heart seat emotion today say hearts breaking aching glad sad reality heart feels traditional picture heart correct
result heart steady beat deal blood passes single body twelve pints blood eventually passes heart moments stress result exercise fatigue emotion heart pump entire twelve pints blood chambers single minute period order force blood heart arterial system heart requires deal pressure small chamber blood leaves heart passes aortic valve moving mile hour eighty feet maintain speed things slow movement rubbing blood cells artery walls produces friction friction slows blood decreasing size blood vessels blood passes friction occurs points blood vessels branch blood moves comes branchings arterial system spreads body pressure blood moved tends vary point point arterial system gradually decreases farther heart blood progresses water subject effects passes metal pipes blood viscous thick water times thicker single blood pressure universal body pressure blood pumped heart capillaries
lungs mixture sufficient amount oxygen nourish organs tissues body remove carbon dioxide maintain proper balance gases oxygen passes lungs alveoli capillaries red blood cells carried body carbon dioxide freed red cells plasma parts blood carry carbon dioxide exchange gases takes place simultaneously thousands thousands alveoli alveoli lungs packed compact space surfaces laid flat extensive large amount gas pass direction alveoli small exchange oxygen carbon dioxide lungs brought difference pressure opposite sides alveolar wall inhaled air pressure oxygen higher pressure carbon dioxide capillary side alveolar wall pressure oxygen pressure carbon dioxide higher difference pressure sides alveolus forces oxygen inspired air wall capillary pressure carbon dioxide capillary decreases carbon dioxide flows alveolar wall lungs remarkable thing system happens manages stay balance oxygen carbon dioxide constantly proper concentration opposite sides wall
generally appreciate recall pond fringed cattails peer white water lilies picked bottom deep wading passable road bring canoe rowboat water beetles kinds backswimmers water boatmen swam sparse vegetation bottom shore sunfish sticklebacks nested shallows surface film whirligig beetles water striders scavenged frogs dragonflies perched lily pads swallows kingfishers found things eat pond trees side birds perched called aerial forays catch gnats mosquitoes twenty later pond place wet meadow sedges grasses park department mowed regularly willow big tree rest vanished stream fed pond gradually filled mineral matter organic debris scarcely feet wide meandered meadow flooded low parts spring virtually aquatic disappeared cottontail rabbits hid water lilies floated leaves blossoms ten feet deep moment wetland characters wildlife visit wetland swamp marsh bog quagmire wetland water stands ten feet deep deeper water lake pond according size water obviously flow river stream
occasionally large animal ventures moss mat crashes drowns body preserved acid brownish water peat bog drains dries centuries pass discovers preserved bogs conceal mysteries solved early indians noticed fragile plant cover frozen gravels ice mountains arctic vegetation fitted pioneering style spreads land glacier scrubs free soil melting plants tolerate cold sudden frost periods drought intense sun footsteps deer shatter push deep mud soon die lack light indians knowing roughly spherical ball plants kinds grow similar places cold polar regions arctic plants found fringe close permanent snowfields high mountains weather conditions similar arctic alpine vegetation proper early indians crossing south america colonizing ice age end snow fell summers longer mountains ice melted glaciers receded northward mountain comparatively glaciers remain today arctic alpine plants live close melting ice northward mountain wake forests spruce fir nearer equator plants survive warmer climates took place arctic alpine vegetation later spruce fir forests
mature black spruce produces egg shaped cones barely inch turn brown later grayish stay tree dropping trees unbelievably growth slow peat bog black spruce feet tall giant lucky blown strong wind shallow roots anchorage soil spruce toppling kind tree survives shallow roots peat bog larch tamarack soft inch needles arise tufts short side spurs blackish branches unlike needles spruce pine larch turn gold autumn glow sunshine needles drop larch grows farther north upright tree winter blankets bog black spruce conspicuously evergreen snow explore peat bog low shrubby plants tend trip feet small pools brownish water guide thinner parts mat moss roots give support kneel feel sense unreality alice stepped looking glass hand moss forearm elbow fingers likely open water unknown depth oldest water touched water circulates drains slowly experience wonderland leaving solid land completely
moving extreme darkness ocean floor strange fish live spite enormous pressure glacial cold furnished phosphorescence carrying lanterns ocean dark diatoms microscopic plant sea single celled creatures called radiolarians look lacy snowflakes heights depths ball earth moves sun living things trees grass spiders bees ants grasshoppers birds bright scaled fish oysters clams dolphins whales earth air sea filled activity feeding growing reproducing kind dying endless cycles furry animals hairy hides moving forests plains birds gathering migrations mosses lichens ferns fungi taking nourishment earth air clams sponges corals follow ways movement activity real quietness death living things takes place part rest seek nourishment reproduce kind die living things control environment lives gradually aware recently understood living things connected chain links part chain
called dark ages soft blooms lighted hillsides meadows spring frogs croaked ponds birds built nests laid eggs beavers built dams swam ponds sticks build houses deer slept sunny hillsides daylight roamed forests night fish flashed rivers middle ages heed paid living things companions animals thought devil keeping plant granted exception herb gatherers plant thought profession sure practice medicine days thought respectable doctors magicians classed sick needed cures herbs materia medica physician search simples herb gatherers ranged forest meadows collecting plants roots lists medicines selling doctors monasteries monks quest religious house supply medicinal herbs monks surrounding country herb gatherers woods trying identify plants roots hit miss classification generally despised felt contempt calling afraid trade appeared close sorcery
later turn pages read eagle aging flight grows heavy eyesight dim seeks pure spring water flies aloft ether sun burns feathers loosens film eyes flees spring dives times young snake goes stream drink carries poison leaves hole familiar lion pursued hunter brushes tracks tail tiger rolls young inside glass ball descriptions animals physiologus disturbed aristotle sea urchin knew sea creatures physiologus says sea urchin happens sea speech understanding heard lives coast sea urchin contemptible beast lives sea tells sailor waves calm rough urchin seeks rock whereon hangs clings fastens anchor waves toss tear minded point oncoming storm tumult mind soon sailors sign danger threatens violence wind
today million mayan indians living quietly peacefully ancient homelands central america live small villages southeastern mexico guatemala mexico live states chiapas tabasco campeche yucatan territory quintana roo maya honduras mayan indians live simply today ancestors lived hundred ago saw white white mayan indians history beginnings farmers farmers depended corn crop living dog guinea pig turkey domesticated animals wore skins animals hunted agave plants maguey henequen sisal maya called grow dry regions yucatan peninsula maya pounded fronds plants fiber coarse cloth rope cultivated cotton fine cotton cloth days farmers filled fields home building weaving cloth making pottery cooking caring children enriched excitement religious ceremonies festivals took place mayan religious gods farmers gods brought rain sunshine fertility crops brought health happiness maya looked forward festivities honor gods century mayan farmers prayed home household gods honored gifts food drink
today cenotes including sacrifice chichen itza full grandeur water flows deep ground feet cenotes feet diameter shaded tall trees surround person look surface cold clear water sunlight penetrates surface depth sacrifice chichen itza feet wide water surface feet ground level feet deep maya believed rain gods lived cenote maya lands nearby regions worship pray rain throw gifts gods recently peabody museum harvard university cambridge massachusetts returned government mexico collection gold ornaments chichen itza fifty ago ninety pieces recovered bottom sacrifice divers pieces exhibited national museum anthropology history mexico city evaluated current jade gold priceless duplicated addition carvings balls copal threw cenote remains human sacrifices human skeletons recovered legend person thrown dawn alive noon gods wanted priests spare person person henceforth regarded sacred
broad belt lowland rain forests stretches east west southeastern mexico considered heart mayan lands center mayan civilization jungle mayan farmer highlands lowlands cleared land cornfield felling trees burning brush called cornfield col corn corn today softer mealy kernel grew bushy plants tall corn ears smaller dispute wild corn plant say peruvian highlands maintain central america origin nourishing plant helped maya attain remarkable civilization estimated farmer needed spend months col raise food family entire rest devote col quarrying stone building temples working roads corn exhausted soil mayan farmer fertilizer farmer cleared cornfield let lie fallow mayan population expanded highlands penetrated deeper jungles moved northward limestone plains hills peninsula yucatan migrants took skills learned lowlands adapted drier climate yucatan corn seed course remained important possession lowlands highlands immediately set clearing ground cols
drizzly gray spring indian sea hunters staying home villages boys wanted fresh cod dinner paddled offshore canoe fish waves tossed small dugout rough fishing boys turned inlet mouth mountain stream midmorning towering tree covered mountains shore inlet dark boys cast bone fishhooks water surprise delight pulled fine salmon cod tide low peering overboard young sea hunters discovered silvery fish heading mouth stream salmon run started boys filled canoe salmon knew forbidden village celebrate salmon ceremony caught put salmon clean mat bottom canoe paddled fast home steersman beached canoe rocky shore boy raced chief house carefully carrying salmon head pointing northeast direction stream ran platform front house called chief rushed crowded boy quickly handed salmon chief filling bay chief thanked turn handed salmon wife chief wife knew salmon ceremony indians northwest coast believed animals sea allowed caught felt sorry hunters families wanted enjoy meat blubber skins
hunters meantime tied wicker basket trap end dam basket shaped cone wide round mouth end small opening easier fishing bent end platform watched basket trap fish entered trap speared bone pointed pole took top trap hunters tired partners took harpoons boys asked chance harpoon salmon stepped forward platform took stand boy raised harpoon plunged downward aim missed father spoke quietly boy aimed missed father explained turn harpoon aimed soon boy thrown pole jerked hands pulled large salmon boy took father dip net braced platform salmon coming fast poles jerked hands heavy fish hit net moment lowered boy lost balance fell forward milling mass fish swimmer sea hunters quickly surface caught hold weir pole net sank bottom boy climbed platform unhurt father shook water rain cape helped boy canoe hunter handed basket fish boy father caught started home
babies put cradles soon born tribes father uncle grandfather carved cradle cedar log making look tiny canoe babies strapped arms tied mother grandmother wove tight cone shaped cap dunce cap cedar bark cattail stems baby head put small board fitted forehead tied cradle baby remained cradle cap stayed head months shape baby head slowly changed forehead flattened broader slanted nose straight line head flattened top head rounded melon salish indians live states washington oregon neighbors north kwakiutl nootka vancouver island gave care shaping babies heads mother neglected love child care show noble birth slave mother forbidden shape baby head easily tell saw group children playing flattened heads youngsters free normal rounded heads children war captives boys girls ears pierced weeks mother grandmother took sharpened piece bone pierced baby ear lobes
experience aspect universe inhabits runs elusive entity called clock deputy sun stars tells school put roast oven eat retire setting journey checks timetables train plane watch putting sea correlate distance find governs merely activities living organism exists grace thousands intricately synchronized rhythms pulse keeps tranquilly electrical waves brain rhythms sleep wakefulness living creatures governed biological links interior processes regular rhythms morning glory opens clock maple leaf grows green flames scarlet calendar mallard flies north south taking direction instinctive internal calculus involving sun continuity pattern brings disruption death morning glory splendid dawn wilted noon maple mallard live allotted span eternal hills hundred million ago hundred million stars shift centuries early late eventually fade sun say pass abstractions science omnipresent space force matter comes lips
billions apelike evolved dim notions past present future living organisms involved standpoint perilous sort equilibrium high wire acrobat perpetually teetering gulf extinction organism acrobat timing crucial sense living thing mechanism inevitably run age die survive surroundings cells organs thing place plant grows leaves develops roots quickly wither animal heartbeat fails pace activity perish organism synchronize internal rhythms coordinate outer plants animals live environments change regular temporal cycles lizard mexico sonora desert survive blistering heat noon chill midnight bamboo indian jungle endure drumming rains monsoon baking dry season follows heat humidity food resources enemies change follows night summer follows winter avoid extinction plants animals adapt external cycles fact nearly organisms evolved mechanisms biological clocks allow anticipate cycles mechanisms determine plants flower birds fly south govern sleeping waking cycles role timekeeping plays seen level synchronization appears fundamental processes division cell requires exquisite timing dozens biochemical subprocesses
human clock reset today jet speeds half hour flight york london traveler hours step daily rhythm activities feel tense tired irritable studies carried federal aviation agency show feelings imaginary rapid shift zones produces consistent measurable disruptions physiological psychological processes group volunteers flown oklahoma city manila difference hours tested hours arrival concentrate add column digit numbers reaction crucial importance driving car safely tripled similar experiments north south flight equal length difference hour produced functional impairments zone syndrome important case airline pilots seldom adjust completely winging original zone job requires utmost mental alertness definitely prefer north south east west flights says flying york buenos aires digestion eastern standard takes hours mental alertness return normal flight zones body temperature cycle adjust days longer result faa psychologists recommended tourists flying east west rest embarking strenuous sightseeing programs executives diplomats undertake important business hours arrival
finally passengers left plane ok taking alex inside ready search luggage minutes officer manning told airport official bomb crew ready case finds young quickly climbed portable stairs entered plane alex trotted happily heel knew going able play game soon inside plane officer manning unsnapped leash alex find bomb eagerly dog trotted aisle sniffing seat tail wagging ears pricked forward nose drawing smells alex searched scent game loved play unfortunately couldn find scent wasn officer manning hunt making complete tour plane including cockpit galley kitchen rest rooms shepherd trotted officer manning sat front disappointment showed line body drooping tail limp ears low hung head alex re finished officer manning patted sympathetically snapped leash collar searched passenger cabin officer manning alex pointed areas find find bomb alex found unusual inside plane partners walked luggage line runway feet piece stand officer manning small group nearby give room
ponies trotted slowly ring riders tried post steps hands grip knees called mrs bannie stewart riding director children worked hard pick rhythm pushing saddles sitting couple posting occasional beat rest bounced saddles ponies led teen age volunteers side helpers young volunteers ran side ponies side helpers eye occasionally hand riders steady balance ponies track edge ring april slowed pace feel rider wobbling didn want debbie fall april small black pony white star forehead unusually young type companions ring pixie smoky twiggy buttercup velvet older fact velvet shiny black pony looked april april mother velvet arrived barn foal surprised bright spring morning tiny black filly named april month born walk mrs stewart stood middle ring april gradually slowed walk minding uneven jerking mouth girl pulled sharply reins april knew debbie physically disabled didn mean hurt debbie stroke leaving practically blind poor control arms legs
english saddles bridles english style rider freedom movement horn high pommel front cantle western saddle allow rider room exercises jumping position unusual mounting methods handholds attached front saddle help beginning student balance student hang reins jerking pulling pony mouth safety helmet hard riding hat protect student head falls safety stirrups student protection case fall side iron regular stirrup rolled rubber piece attached top bottom stirrup student falls foot caught stirrup rubber piece unsnap pressure release foot chance dragged spooked runaway horse safety stirrup ladder reins hand trouble holding reins connecting reins water skier towrope handhold rolled leather wooden bars student holds whichever bar set correct length gait pony bars easier steer easier shorten lengthen reins body harness inch wide web belt fastens student waist leather handhold centered side helpers hold case help student balance saddle
robin song rings hush april dawn bold mellow tones announce arrival spring insects stir winter worms tunnel softened earth robin food ready sun swings higher sky warming air mid flying insects wing swallows arrive warm south wind dipping low trees fields noticing insect wings flashing early light turn climb dive gulping prey higher chimney swifts flicker wide arcs sky follow whim wings swallows heading northward feed shore flock sandpipers streak low waves wheel compact squadron alighting instant feed tide line yesterday piper prints sand today arrived tomorrow leave resume journey north night sky clear tiny shape flits bright face full moon passes twittering night waves warblers thrushes traveling north robin south carolina swallows mexico swifts peru sandpipers argentina warblers thrushes venezuela night spring millions millions birds move traveling nest raise young fly thousands miles north tropics fly mile mountain young grown care birds return winter homes
fact species migrates difficult say absolutely europe starlings regions range sedentary fully migratory scandinavia female immature chaffinches outnumber males autumn migration males remain sweden winter species individual birds winter north migrate south kinds bird movement confused migration irregular movement distant area due food supply called invasion snowy owl sedentary canadian arctic basic food mouselike lemming suffers sharp drop numbers snowy owl moves south united states search prey white winged crossbills invasions twisted bill tips crossbills pry scales pinecones spruce cones reach seeds inside find cones canadian forests white winged crossbills fly south invade united states invasion differs migration irregularity birds making flights manage return breeding grounds species young spread head directions leaving nest young seagulls herons wander settling nest original breeding grounds spreading called dispersal accomplishes things
migrant birds fly continuously migration speed hard measure stop feed rest wait bad weather red backed shrike europe flies thirty miles hour flight lasts ten hours night travels fly nights row covering hundred twenty miles nights takes days nights spent flying nights resting days feeding migration speed hundred ten miles slower pace hundred twenty miles species birds migrate slowly pushed fast energy reserves run low ready emergencies strong winds sea cold spells meet en route birds migrate faster spring autumn spring impulse migrate closely linked breeding urge speeds birds traveling steady pace migrants stop feed rest wing delay reach breeding areas spare actually mating spent courtship preparing nest range migrants speed flights approach breeding grounds black poll warblers traveling south america alaska average thirty thirty miles southern united states minnesota minnesota northwestern alaska average hundred miles
butterflies moths generally regarded attractive insects butterflies especially colorful pretty admired portrayed works art thousands attractiveness dragonflies damselflies insects flit gracefully ponds streams vibrant wings glimmer summer sun living bits colored cellophane known butterflies range habitable portion slightly arctic circle southward europe asia north america africa australia zealand larger islands flashing wings seen city parks wild places habitats extend coastal lowlands higher elevations earth mountain chains lakes streams afford dwelling places young known variously devil darning needles snake doctors horse stingers mosquito hawks snake feeders dragonflies damselflies spend lives beneath surfaces ponds streams lakes fly winged adults names applied meaning doubt originated result superstitions grew fact insects menacing look viewed close range localities called horse stingers belief stings tails devil darning needle applied england fable sewed ears bad boys early days believed acted guards snakes found watery locations inhabited belief snake doctor known dragonflies unknown evidence
largest attractive dragonflies green darners anax small nymphs insects dwell dead twigs roots whitish dark bands nymphs grow older move green water plants mottled green dragonfly nymphs tend hues places live sudden change case chameleon gradual alteration coloring plant dwelling nymphs green summer water plants live flourishing winter nymphs turn brown colors color doubt survival help insects escape notice enemies fish dragonfly nymphs devour kind dragonflies damselflies eminent hunters winged adults cruise water countryside keen eyes searching flying insects scoop air means baskets nets formed spiny legs game captured consumed flight eaten leisure perched twig leaf prey insects feed consists small midges flies moths butterflies known attack creatures large hummingbirds arthur bent known ornithologist recounts case rubythroated hummingbird apparently attacked large dragonfly tiny bird found ground insect fastened neck reasonable assume insect disturbed killed hummingbird
odonata insects cold blooded bodies directly affected surrounding temperatures result kinds adopted habits help control temperatures bodies united states uncommon dragonflies perched bodies parallel twigs limbs absorb greatest amount sun heat contrast dragonflies tropical lands rest especially hot sunny situations abdomens pointed upward sun insects expose minimum amount body surface direct rays regulating temperature bodies dragonflies damselflies interesting attractive insects add touches charm aquatic situations wild creatures merely items food winged adults fed sparrows swallows red winged blackbirds kingbirds robins hawks kingfishers swallows adept scooping dragonflies damselflies air birds seen darting marshes ponds capturing odonata mayflies insects kingbird sits limb post darts pursuit dragonfly sees cases birds strip wings eating insect frogs toads consume wings tropical birds capture dragonflies sole purpose obtaining wings linings nests addition hazards dragonflies damselflies succumb severe wind storms heavy rains violent storm lake michigan numbers dragonflies blown water perished
took step neil armstrong civilian commander apollo reached bottom landing craft ladder extended booted left foot touch moon powdery surface small step giant leap mankind ladder minutes later edwin aldrin jr air force colonel hours minutes carefully boldly wandered barren rock strewn surface tested ability move strange took photographs landscape set scientific experiments collected rock soil samples set television camera watch point armstrong aldrin fun member crew michael collins air force lieutenant colonel piloted command ship lunar orbit miles surface waiting explorers rejoin trip earth altogether visit moon lasted hours minutes apollo crew united states space team successful mile mission involving separate steps incredible triumph skill courage dramatic proof puts mind moon unreachable reach port call age spacefaring daring expeditions course apollo watched happened
looking moon surface apollo astronauts able shining earth earth larger moon reflector sunlight earthshine moon times bright moonshine earth astronauts moon entire month seen earth phases crescent earth half earth full earth phase earth phase moon look depend direction sunlight coming portion sunlit part earth visible earth atmosphere protects ways astronauts moon protection instance air filter sun heat surface moon heated temperature degrees fahrenheit hot seen fact water boils earth surface degrees fahrenheit lunar night temperature plunges degrees fahrenheit low freeze mercury thermometer moon atmosphere act blanket hold heat sun goes visitors moon remember moon slower spin lunar days nights weeks earth addition light dangerous radiations sun rays atomic sized particles reach earth shielding air
approach visiting moon advantage simple direct disadvantage enormous amount rocket power needed job direct ascent method mean building rocket nearly powerful powerful rockets named nova rocket thrust blast enormous force measuring million pounds nova built tested sure moon crust strong support weight big pound spaceship nova send moon chance tall ship feet topple moon landing nasa engineer trying land washington monument base turning simple brute force approach designers began think plan called earth orbit rendezvous american rocket specialist wernher von braun country germany play important part space research originally favored method launching entire spaceship big nova type booster smaller rockets launch parts moonship sections moonship launched separately orbit earth astronauts working outer space connect orbiting sections complete building moonship earth orbit rendezvous need nova rocket left problems weight moonship put earth orbit brute force plan
revolution joint project american colonies majority colonists agreed fight england fight remarkable considering physical barriers strong prejudices divided nature provided distances rivers dense forests indians georgia massachusetts ocean land route impassible isolation bred intense local pride led colony hate common boundaries forever quarreling boundaries colony section wrangled section town town differed strongly religion puritans england anglicans south despised despised roman catholics quakers jews colonies unlikely team thirteen wild horses division arose discontent english policies hardened majority favored independence solution large minority loyalists tories opposed taxation representation patriots active rebellion treason stuck opinion rough strongly sectional loyalties resisted opening roads join common realized unconsciously thinking americans majority born fathers grandfathers put roots longer belonged national tribes descended english scotch irish german dutch french huguenot swedish african slaves free negroes crispus attucks killed boston massacre free negro
silas makes simple farm implements barters neighbors especially case blacksmith village likely part job takes skilled cradle strong light balanced perfectly curved snath reaper swing overstraining blacksmith shapes tempers blade makes latch secures snath takes skill carve wooden grain shovel hay fork hay cut scythes raked windrows hand silas rakes feet wide entirely wood lately seen horse drawn flop rake wood plans whittle farm plows wooden shares neighbors cast iron shares plows silas heard iron poisons ground won place wood harrows oak frames set tough hickory teeth driven bored holes implement place called mechanical seeder built wheelbarrow wooden spike fixed wheel opens small furrow seeds drop hopper mechanical part revolving regulator control rate seed falls belt wheel hub drives early colonial days wheeled cart practical farm vehicle wagon readily maneuvered trees rough land largest cart carried small load distance hauling general farm
earliest inland towns grew wild planted rivers navigable small sailing vessels shortly frontier settlements took hold farther upstream falls gundalows reach middle eighteenth century towns sprang appalachian foothills navigable water lancaster pennsylvania frederick maryland winchester virginia towns starting need owned large tracts land started deliberately help sell real estate town survive isolation river road coast roads developed according fixed pattern mere paths indian trail wide packhorse trains trails stream valleys taking easiest means shortest settlers widened path road carts wagons cutting underbrush saplings sides trees stood road snaked smaller trees cut stumps stayed roadbed surface roots rocks tree trunks laid crosswise served pave soggy spots valleys making corduroy roads shallow streams forded road turn mile reach ford flood ford deep cross travelers simply waited water bridges crossed deep streams wide large logs corduroy laid simplest bridge stiffened king post trusses sides
stonehenge group large boulders standing meadow south england oldest strangest structures built hand beginnings reach deep prehistoric past meaning tantalizing mystery stonehenge sees today battered remnant original cluster stones twenty feet high lying ground stand erect number stones set tops surrounded raised ring earth hundred feet bounded shallow ditch ring vestiges fifty holes filled earth boulders thousand fascinated stonehenge pondering questions built hundred ago legend grew created druids priesthood ancient britain present century chemicals detection devices enabled archaeologists arrive facts concerning origin history known stonehenge completed thousand druids unlike rapidly built structures today centuries making stage ring earth encircling ditch opening ring stood tall stone inside smaller fifty pits called aubrey holes seventeenth century discoverer
surface pyramid constructed rectangular stones series steps beautiful smooth coating white limestone incredible method carving triangular blocks limestone exactly fit depth height step form single unbroken surface skill engineers evident neatly block join leaf piece paper slipped began sheathing top worked downward ramp lowered level thirty toil colossal structure stood smooth shining ready solitary tenant inside monument cunningly designed series passageways left open partway north face entrance feet square opened corridor distance corridor split arm continuing bedrock turning upward ascending gallery opened larger grand gallery led king chamber handsome simple sarcophagus stood waiting directly underneath imposing chamber contained statue cheops treasure narrow shaft ran ascending gallery connect descending gallery completion mountain stone stood silently waiting monarch death due course body purified embalmed wrapped fine linen laid painted mummy case funeral procession began passed north face entrance ascending gallery burial chamber ceremonies king finally left
took ears crater hundred fifty statues tall story building lying sculptors left rushed battle lay quantities stone picks pointed ends large eyeteeth mayor measured fifteen foot figure face quarry chipped outline rock ceremony bring luck friends began working stone picks soft rock slow required blows chip removed days features visible start hands raw heyerdahl needed convincing called test don pedro calculated teams working complete medium sized figure polishing pumice stone transportation island final installation temple wall transportation method evolved primitive strikingly similar early britons egyptians opposite side heyerdahl uniquely privileged witness actual operation technique insisted mayor reproduce original conditions exactly cranes wheels mayor fashioned shaped sledge forked tree trunk wove thick rope tree bark heyerdahl invited hundred eighty women luck feast crater rope neck twelve ton statue entire crowd dragged slope difficulty
dream flight ages beginnings written history find references repeated attempts conquer air sure ancient records represent legend properly belong realm mythology true history fact existence prove dream soaring earth occupied attention century century imagine hungry caveman club hand sneaking small animal spring suddenly air fly wondered animals fly walk run later dined easily captured creature watched smoke cooking fire rising steadily wondered idly conclude smoke rises borne aloft warm air discovered basic principle thousands later enable fly strange thing acquired important bit knowledge chose ignore learned weave cloth metal build cities bridges fortresses connection fact warm air rises ambition construct flying machine eluded modern scientific strange century century thought hold cloth paper bag hot fire invent balloon reason primarily fascinated flight birds
child born wealthy junkers family members line german aristocracy boy ferdinand von zeppelin death father young ferdinand inherited title count graf german money property youthful count adventurous spirit satisfied ease chose military career american civil war exploded von zeppelin lured promise excitement interest political moral questions involved volunteered service union army accepted commission president lincoln assigned army potomac fought vigorously von zeppelin schooled romantic word european style regimental warfare ugly semi guerilla nature american struggle depressed resigned commission join geographical expedition mississippi river tiny group ended nearly starved st paul minnesota young count spent recuperating europe assisted austrians war prussia joined prussians bismarck conquest france military adventures constantly exhibited kind courageous recklessness eventually led fellow officers refer privately crazy count rashness serve soldier commendable quality diplomat entered diplomatic service franco prussian war von zeppelin clash kaiser wilhelm emperor germany ultimately led eased public service
night winter storm whistled countryside morning lz lay completely demolished wind count shrugged shoulders lz newest ship unqualified success surprised practically von zeppelin improved control system featured rudders elevators attached stabilizing fins maneuvered perfectly demonstrated ability headway easily strong winds crazy count suddenly hero zeppelin gadgets toys hit market overnight press praised skies government vastly impressed proposal von zeppelin produce ship capable remaining aloft full twenty hours rewarded annual grant continuation count gleefully accepted challenge formed company regular production rigid airships luftschiffbau zeppelin lz feet feet diameter ready early trial flights completely successful gradually extended twelve hours august largest ship fly sky left lake constance toughest trial date city announced route let order watch passage giant airship crowds cheered wildly sky titan cruised majestically overhead past strasbourg past mannheim darmstadt engines acted wishing push luck von zeppelin brought big ship rhine engine quickly repaired flight continued count undismayed unscheduled landing takeoff felt incident merely helped demonstrate safety ship
veil tagilmus black white tuareg veils fine indigo blue cotton cloth veil ten foot strip inches wide puts veil winding cloth head times leaving small opening crown winds cloth leaves edge hanging forehead covering eyebrows forming kind sunshade targui continues winding strip cloth lower part face eyes folds mouth chin loose reach tagilmus disturbing arrangement tuareg chew tobacco inconvenient reaching veil puff cigarette tuareg sure ancestors began wear tagilmus certainly hot dry homeland tagilmus protection eyes lips nostrils breathing cloth circle moist air form mouth nostrils prevents skin cracking say hide ugly marks left battle wounds veils wide robes marks addition unattractive targui brave preferred believe age fifteen young wear veils young pluck thin beards older grow small beards moustaches begins wear veil takes home family
teammate running camp philippe found yards shelter dying lhote grabbed skinful water rushed help applied wet towels head body cool giving sips water philippe told story djanet heat intense philippe hot thirsty drank water flask rule desert drain water flask reserve till reach water hole getting late philippe knew teammates worry pushed tongue began swell thirst yards camp collapsed managed cry help toughened tuareg accidents perish desert due miscalculations sheer carelessness working desert today allowed gallons water gallon cooking drinking care person caravan amount secret tuareg endurance move pace overheated loose voluminous garments help conserve body moisture veils tuareg thin suffer fat hot weather targui survive desert twenty hours water sunset temperature sahara suddenly drops thirty fifty degrees drop degrees agreeable
tuareg say moved sahara found dark known isabaten living mountains ahaggar tuareg say isabaten painted tassili frescoes poor nomadic hunters tuareg conquered oases deep sahara farming negroid stock called haratin trained war gave struggle return protection desert marauders agreed give tuareg half garden produce continued farm lands serfs land water belonged tuareg conquerors days slave trade sixteenth end nineteenth century tuareg households acquired slaves tuareg considerate slaves arabs slaves loyal tuareg masters eventually began consider tuareg slaves acted bodyguards companions masters masters families fought tuareg enemies fiercely masters repayment tuareg looked welfare slaves woman slave assured home food master family warriors raiders tuareg developed caste system noble tuareg imochar call protectors rulers tuareg victors fights tuareg groups conquered tuareg called imrad vassals nobility imrad paid tribute imochar camels raised flocks sheep goats groves palms fruit trees
knew alive captors inquiries diplomatic feelers happened asset idea manner prisoner office shown military orderly room table tall wide shoulder studied joe makatozi appraising eyes colonel arkady zamatev seeing center thinking point personally conceived plan worked fine precision proud proposed capture major makatozi superiors thought lost mind information desperately needed experimental aircraft americans designing makatozi test flown advised construction suggested innovations zamatev knew soviet agents american division military personnel assignment aware americans suspicion directed carefully maneuvered position emergency depended assignment major makatozi alaska command refresher course arctic flying tests aircraft difficult arrange casual remark operating plane arctic temperatures days later question refresher course raised major makatozi pilot plane rest zamatev provision secret prison camp necessity understanding extent ramifications advances american british military naval technology birth plan
momentary rift fog glimpsed stars route intended follow heard roar stream felt bottom small gorge stepped water walked upstream times paused listen rush water drowned sounds coming stone shelf left water leaving trace stepped rocky ledge leaving tracks swung low hanging limb path ran fifty yards crossed road dipped forest ran trees heard roar motor car passing road crossed stood moving raced taiga siberian forest guards mentioned malovsky obviously village town knew knew prison area trans baikal siberia read region changing unbroken wilderness ago russians discovered area treasure house mineral wealth roads built lumbering mining increasing operations move caution prison compound basin miles area prison thickly forested escape west swung east climbing rocky mountainous area scattered pine forest cover growing light searchers sweeping country binoculars keeping slope found small stream ran mountains east
thirty search alekhin arrived remote cabin alexei vanyushin alexei partner chita glad visitor yakut alekhin patience search escaped american covered siberia weeks ordered participate watched listened amused american disappear completely knew search centered towns borders trans siberian alekhin respected zamatev russian unbelievably cruel completely ruthless yakut understood admired zamatev trouble zamatev russian russian think yakut think sioux zamatev things case wrong understand manner pursuing yakut ordered search knew vestige track wiped tramping feet racing automobiles generally wasted efforts capture escaped prisoner think escaped prisoner prisoner indian think alekhin hurry american going siberia winter winter kill rushing directions decide american initial search quick american found limits search began american athlete run
curled shaded hidden retreat slept hours later awakened chilled shaking feet warmed swinging arms known warming blood circulating small supply mutton needed hunt needed food warmer clothing moved small hollow northeastward march de sac rimmed high mountains escape scale icy ridges rose steeply half mile higher climbing slippery rocks easy suddenly eye caught glimpse trees corner roof building sort looked looked looked sign smoke closer trees sized structure square built logs smoke chimney trees path led saw tracks sign travel coming onset winter doubtful traveling avoiding path cover trees bit bit worked structure windows door door showed signs recent waited watching house trough water ran water spring hear water falling pipe trough watched deer trees opposite drank trough waiting shot killed deer arrow forward skin expert took skin deer save cuts meat anon straightened listen look structure place reminded corner devils country idaho
wind blew narrow valley whining eaves rustling branches evergreens told risks ran despite prisons kind siberia considered prison exile wish leave stayed raised families prefer deep woods bothered exactly bother sight mind saying feet share burdens cold outer air joe mack shivered looked icy gorge natalya father stephan baronas leaving canyon took dim trail trees sheltered wind cold wind chill village mere cluster huts deep forest effort establish clearing huts mere dugouts faced logs scarcely seen feet trees brush masked faces wulff spoke district official kind close miles aldan caught selling furs deliver furs says trouble meet demands place stopped dugout faced logs tight warm impossible hidden live hunt gather woods patches corn grow vegetables barley difficult manage
evgeny zhikarev picked knife cut strings partly opening bale furs spread furs stepped table heart pounding heavily turned skins rapidly glancing watched fear mounted suddenly picked ermine skin treated expertly loves nice pelt turned checking saw seen stepped turned looked coldly curiously walked door called moment later big appeared doorway stegman want knows soldier jew named borowsky want hides showed hides turning rapidly hope tell cooperate stegman comrade zhikarev friends smiled showing big white teeth feet comrade zhikarev frightened stood table waited nice money hong kong knew leave country knew exactly help calmly trappers talk trap batch skins kyra asked buy yesterday lying easily checked borowsky brought believe comes brings pelts hunters
shrugged believe matter kind happened rain face heat battle sought tom custer kill tom custer expecting sure rain face hated tom custer respected custer doubt hated rain face fighting call savage colonel zamatev sat desk wrote order forced sea destroyed plane flying captured brought blow country insult personally smiled humor want forest dark street foolish escape stay safe foolish foolish ways feel told primitive content face table diplomatic function suit possibilities slight escape shook head wonderment father believe think approve understand belong century natalya belong known walk shoes today fly planes eat food heart wilderness feathers hair hate white americans
think attempt past baransky ruin planned baransky arrest report suggested business line arrested questioned question trader furs things knew sake business important needed weeks month potanin border broke soldier zhikarev known broke ready business wait khabarovsk cousin business furs holding government job coast cousin place olga bay safer hobbling crippled feet cane effect started street place knew street empty say patrol heard confused sound voices hurriedly drew opening buildings gang hooligans found certainly rob beat kill gangs common russia ago gang beaten engineer death rob blue jeans fortunately seen straggling group shouting obscenities reached place sought trucks preparing leave known drivers soon found ride khabarovsk driver talkative
stepping caution approached injured began apply crude aid alekhin soldier fallen tripped root tied path fell sharpened wooden stake waiting hurrying trunk broken tree tripped stake gasping alekhin stopped anticipation fall attract ankle high root tied carefully stabbed side neck sharpened stake inch side pierced throat alekhin disgusted dead injured cared help full range radio carried attempted call trap gamble course american knew traps avoided simply accident alekhin angry careful knew sort pursuing calls getting response litter strong poles coat dead comrade carried soldiers looked staring asked need alekhin replied wish carried minute village twenty miles twenty miles wasted move
shrugged lieutenant suvarov friend comes occasionally mission moment luck important comrade shepilov reason important american thought bitter cold taiga survive indian american indian vanya fascinated don mean american indian siberia story asia passed land bridge bering strait america supposedly game idea making migration apparently trying follow route marvelous amazing escape place stay alive sure alive tea explained helicopter crash dead kgb found topka coming sat chair kyra realize attempting escape forest properly explored shoes envy envy insane vanya vast forest armed believe bow arrows found car killed arrow apparently needs weapon night discovered soldier killed falling ice trap tell
meant crossing sikhote alin mountains low formidable dense forests eating tigers feared chinese lived amur brigands forests fierce robbed raped terrorized travelers nearby villages escape secure transportation stephan baronas beginning learn ways survive existed clandestine aware half refugees criminals mingled aided robbed moved borders knowledge authorities human nature friendships develop official interests opposed days instant communication understanding possibly avoid clash end war trust based measure loaded sled firewood drew snow cabin reached knew prepare select avenues escape ready village establish contact truck driver carry destination page joe mack book scout trail mountains border difficulty wait minute bocharev arrest order lie desk awaiting implementation fortunately clothing food possessed stephan baronas beginning learn possessions rob freedom bars cage stephan baronas reached cabin sled tired
stood find place tonight donned snowshoes waited likewise led reached trail looked tracks remained trail white smooth touched foot beast hours later thousand feet higher found overhang partly shielded cedars tonight place glanced morning leave waiting timed prisoner place minutes help escape late wasted touch maybe understand course baronas camp snug cold bitterly cold higher nearly thousand feet sea sikhote alin mountains place southern part range higher thousand feet ridges middle winter cold intense talya yakov worried looking father times walked snow muttering worry tea winter protested cold going wilderness wished felt honest sick dread left vast forest
walked desk sat heavily field simply leave alekhin yakut confident wall map showing vast stretch country chersky bering strait magadan east stood hands clasped studying map suvarov pin map place seen seen suppose american miserable country returned door outer office suvarov want helicopter didn mil want safely carry equipment want ready thing tomorrow going field added going show american hands hours turned suvarov seen want matter want brought helicopters area search alekhin says want want talk walking desk dropped chair running wasted effort wasted cared trouble wrong care worked hard reason problem inertia american chukchi region line koryak wild country forests mountains icy barren
stood small cluster larch carefully examining country choosing route alternative happened force change air unbelievably clear cloud sky mist hollows occasionally caught glint sunlight windscreen case unusual amount traffic road moved closest lake moose feeding lakeshore alekhin landed hours gizhiga thing hundred yards hidden brush watching ostap woodsman fled magadan shepilov arrested wife barely escaping woods place trappers met arrived food fuel warmer clothing trouble katerina knew help ostap discovered tell morning walked forest climbed small knoll place sheltered wind sat study country seen american glimpse doubt looked caution dead giveaway frightened intrigued ostap sense remain moved presence revealed heart began beat heavily talk luck wanted capture foolish ostap fighter
bow arrows sling sling served found cave accident kneeling icy rock small stream started rise seen opening feet wide scarcely height masked dwarfed stone pine examined found spacious cave sandy floor cave ago built fires found crack chimney gathered driftwood stream broken branches stone pine days able warm gorge half mile found birch gathered bark crude raincoat leaves mix vodka rubdown bruised legs despite fact spring nights piercingly cold skies clear stars unbelievably bright cold huddling fire stone age creature moccasins skins marmots wore quickly find larger animals occasionally droppings mountain goats saw sign large bear huge beast judging size tracks comforted thought bear size cave opening considerably larger floods piled sand rocks original opening covered existed animal poor creature food fire warm fuel scarce soon move smooth rocks seen scratches left glaciers remote past evidence low country affected higher rock formations
dinosaurs lived ago find bones ground find dinosaur teeth eggs bones teeth eggs help learn dinosaurs bones think fit bones bones show dinosaurs looked show big dinosaurs dinosaurs dinosaurs walked ground muddy footprints mud mud turned rock footprints left rock footprints look alike look prints flatten ball clay press hand clay look handprint look friends handprints prints learn prints dinosaurs lived land warm wet part land covered water plants grew land place called swamp earth roads buildings places today dinosaurs live earth today dinosaurs lived land sharp teeth eating meat strong hind legs running short front legs pointed claws front legs largest meat eater jaws strong taller story house dinosaur run fast size adult person think ate dinosaur large head short tail catch dinosaurs times size dinosaurs ate plants flat teeth teeth grind food
dinosaur thick skin spiked tail think tail dinosaur horns head think horns animals lived ago fly claws wings ate smaller animals claws animals lived sea flippers help swim shaped fish animals today look dinosaur skeleton look put pipe cleaners bend skull spine twist spine legs cut ribs twist spine bones skeleton tell looking bones later earth changed places dry places cold plants animals died dinosaurs died knows died maybe cold maybe food think happened ice snow covered part earth animals thick fur lived fur helped warm animals large parts earth warm animals lived warm places living today animals today look animals living today left endangered means die dinosaurs build towns wild animals live animals find homes endangers wild animals help alive
seen chicken eggs times seen turtle eggs eggs grasshopper turtles grasshoppers animals lay eggs animals lay eggs animals eggs eggs produced female animals number eggs produced kind animal birds lay egg birds lay animal toad lays eggs oyster lay million eggs eggs needed form animal look closely frog eggs animal forming egg eggs shell covering covering keeps egg drying protects animal growing inside bird eggs hard shell turtle eggs softer shell leather frog snail eggs jellylike covering animal grown breaks egg called hatching chicken hatches animals lay eggs eggs hatch inside female body hatching live young pass body guppies sharks snakes produce young animals give birth living young young hatch eggs grow special female body young born mother produces milk feed cows dogs mammals produce young mammal animal hair feeds young mother milk
author ways say thing character story author tells ways character feeling relaxed alice feeling relaxed tell leaned tree looked clear blue sky barely eyes open sleepy felt calm lazy relaxed feel bird floating relaxed high feel cool calm lazy bent gathered leaves scattered tree soft round pile kicked shoes fell lazily pile yawned story author tells ways character feeling angry org ugly feeling angry tell stood stiffly tree glared dark sky raised slimy fists beat huge hairy chest org ugly angriest monster earth feel dark sky shouted feel mean ugly mad angry org ugly wrapped twisted arms tree furiously pulled tore groaning ripped earth roots shrieking lifted ugly head hurled hill
bernadette walked slowly edge wharf mechanically placing foot real direction eventually end sat dangling legs edge stop thinking low grade social studies problem teacher teacher fault wondered deep thought caw caw cried sea gull piercing bernadette ear bernadette annoyed interruption laughing sea gull clearly saying teacher fault heart bernadette knew teacher bernadette disliked social studies started think determined find solution problem maybe bright mused thought bernadette caw caw screamed sea gull bernadette chuckled sea gull track learner fantastic grades math science understand social studies sea gull let scream eee eee saying bernadette watched bird rose gracefully air began circle bernadette head magnificent sight bird arc dive glide gracefully surge upward wish fly gorgeous gull sees eee eee cried bird mean reflected bernadette
car bomb bomb meant kings mrs king talking friend heard loud thud hit front porch window bomb exploded thrown sped night house shook jagged hole opened porch bomb landed windows shattered hurt king heard bomb hurried home arrived crowd angry blacks gathered front house knew white thrown bomb wanted white policemen white mayor montgomery urging blacks home angrier king stepped battered porch turned waited leader tell confidence saw confidence air grew king ready speak angry crowd angry destructive crowd looking violent revenge martin luther king kind believed nonviolent resistance bring change felt responsibility crowd anger confident things don hand thought king leader willing responsibility things felt confident handle
emily betty birthday december twins eighth birthday twins mom dad decided going big party emily betty parents sat wrote list things needed birthday party emily wanted hot dogs grape juice potato chips lunch betty wanted chocolate ice cream cake parents bought food twins liked twins gave mother list friends wanted invite birthday party betty wanted invite mara ari jason betty added anita list emily wanted invite friends added joshua twins birthday invitations friends finally december big party friends party liked food emily betty happy presents party girls wrote list presents received emily liked purple dress sled birthday betty played doll checkers game emily betty enjoyed birthday party read story read category labels reread story mental list words fit category labels complete word lists words story word filled david brother allen began planning camping trip decide going bring items needed camping
rosalie clyde richardson lived parents denver foot rocky mountains martin richardson father conservationist worked national forest service friday night richardsons telephone rang freight train derailment high mountains forest ranger worried train carrying liquid chlorine danger leaking river ran track put chlorine water denver sterilize don clyde asked wrong chlorine river question quantity father explained chlorine poison kills germs lot kills chlorine exceeds percent water kill plants river animals drink rosalie asked richardson clyde want clear spring night moon full driving mountains dark richardsons snow summits mountains sparkling white dark pine forests crossed mountains took perilous route richardson killed peaceful safe looks rocks fall snow mud slides bury towns suddenly richardsons saw train engine half tracks half freight cars lying sides broken tree boughs splintered rocks ranger train crew standing engine talking quietly
mrs richardson expert water denver dept public works left home morning rosalie clyde left school richardson office saw raccoon kit pleased worried poor animal cooped tiny cage care raccoon convenient pet busy family richardson sleeps eating night hibernates fat sleeps winter days nights adapt living human beings mrs richardson asked young animals adapted living richardson learn quickly couldn abandoned mother rosalie explained helpless owl falcon swooped eaten mother baby raccoon found food sustain raccoon kit curled clyde arms intrepid leap armchair shooting paw caught beetle crawling armrest ate dispatch moment deciding space seat cushion chair perfect haven raccoon facing unknown perils kit pushed crack richardsons bright eyes scrutinizing room raccoon looks capable taking care richardson miniature flash lightning let call flash clyde suggested flash live richardsons soon felt home
science social studies texts tables unit help read interpret information tables texts standardized tests involving tables school learn skills help summarize information paraphrasing finding main ideas topic sentences summarizing writers summarize information putting related bits information charts help identify important points types charts frequently reading diagrams pictures labels showing important parts graphs showing differences numbers amounts lines pictures bars tables tables charts columns rows information printed pictures information words numbers examples tables find reading types books examples put table remember table columns rows information information table words examples tables numbers population figures numbers calories multiplication tables addition columns rows tables column headings column headings labels top column tell type information column column headings left general type book columns specific examples books tables row headings column headings student activity tables column headings pieces information contained tables rows columns called entries
style writing speaking learning recognize differences style involves steps learning recognize patterns spelling types word pairs find set sentences paragraphs common find set paragraphs common rule describes differences set set items consider examples set items propaganda special type writing tries believe buy dress vote support school propaganda facts facts exaggerated untrue set items propaganda intelligence taught ago traditional researchers believed intelligence fixed unchangeable born iq average thought iq recent research shows intelligence raised combination effective instruction part teacher hard apply instruction part student mayor barnes authorized plans start building shopping plaza street plaza famous stores cozy ethnic restaurants child care facilities official parking problem action create parking space plaza poor memory research shows learn systems program memory training working systems program remember names faces math facts vocabulary names dates amaze friends incredible memory feats achievements
learned parts book title author copyright date table contents preface acknowledgments footnotes appendix glossary bibiliography index activity class put learned completing book book education school student activity kit help class complete book kit chapters book beginnings glossary bibliography index class write chapter book write complete remaining parts class divided groups group cover book write title page table contents preface illustrate chapters group interview principal assistant principal homeroom teacher students group write chapter story school write acknowledgments footnotes group look material appendix complete glossary bibliography index proofread read book mark errors corrected group corrected errors students choose students group put book correct final order class familiar subject book education read chapters book discuss chapters class proceed assignments teacher assigned group read special instructions group decide split members group
wished school actually ago school buildings school teachers subjects taught today born thousands ago place mountains europe jungles africa plains asia begun working mother father soon walk run carry objects family worked feed clothe shelter dawn started pushing bushes thorns tracking animals kill food weaving thread clothes blankets pounding wheat cassava stone flour sundown eaten sleep learned religion going religious ceremonies rites passage adult oldest members community storytellers knowledgeable history tell stories members community including children today read write history religion thousands ago read write writing invented writing invented began writing books thought reading writing arithmetic precious learn boys sons rich important citizens allowed school school classes held teacher house subject taught teacher boys traveled house house learn
ago schools taught mental skills traditional education supposed able read write arithmetic facts students grouped age spent classroom teacher learning things heart rote learning students days memorize things names dates american presidents names capital cities states country names locations rivers europe later educators began saying traditional procedure wrong approach education facts found books learned heart educators citizens democratic country need think solve problems invent things thought students learn find things wanted students learn arithmetic playing arithmetic games wanted students field trips discuss saw read teachers kind teaching called progressive education learning emphasized mental physical skills students science experiments wood clay metal glass situation students learn materials develop skills hands ten fifteen ago idea education popular according view important education student achievements needs schools teach attitudes feelings letting student develop speed according needs
sleep period rest individual contact surroundings difference sleep coma person sleeping awakened easily person coma awakened need sleep times person babies sleep children sleep grow needs hours sleep night ten needs hours night sleep hours night sleep hours night sleep quick tempered known sleep days lose touch reality suspicious ajax corporation versions trash compactor home version fits sink crush bags garbage small block size bricks ajax trash compactor makes things easier modern home reducing energy spent taking garbage home owner dump garbage compactor touch button compactor full commercial firms restaurants places producing lot garbage ajax line basement compactors small refrigerator large small room soon garbage reaches level electric eye activates machine garbage compressed restaurant owner press buttom works automatically
energy big problem united states americans energy citizens country government worried gas oil resources meet energy needs future sources energy running water waterfall dam converted electrical energy energy sun trapped solar panels heat home office building energy sources efficient plants combine gas steam operate percent efficiency current plants operate percent efficiency think herbs weeds herbs grown specially season spice food healthy modern medicines parts learned plants healing properties chamomile flowering plant helps sleep french drink bed ginseng herb chinese doctors give energy penny royal plant crushed scratches wounds early settlers united states pennyroyal drew infection cut helped heal quickly herbs special taste feel hot sticky humid summer weather try cold glass peppermint tea tastes delicious cool herbs spice meat dishes mint goes lamb marjoram goes chicken oregano goes beef
families pets actually lived animals treated equals woman named margaret howe actually lived dolphin house months entire house flooded inches water margaret dolphin peter learned communicate margaret taught peter sounds english taught games counting kind kindergarten program dolphin woman jane van lived african jungle chimpanzees ten jane took approach try teach chimpanzees tried accepted sort chimpanzee found deal monkeys alike invention photography scientists developed types cameras help range normal vision human eyes pick things visible light spectrum infared photography pictures things total darkness infrared cameras detecting heat light waves detect ray cameras able look inside human body detect cancers bone fractures internal injuries rays able penetrate surfaces objects extremely short energy normal light waves ray measures angstrom units unit measure extremely short wavelengths normal light waves kind angstrom units length
steps card catalog finding book shelf books library arranged according careful plan call numbers spines books books books belong shelf major plans libraries dewey decimal system library congress system libraries dewey decimal system concentrate dewey decimal system groups books ten subject categories general works philosophy psychology religion reference books books philosophy psychology books religion category books number memorize categories library chart display refer familiar plan look chart want look books subject look category number book sujbect interested decide key words book subject key words places things events trick finding key words cross extra words title atomic energy cross atomic energy look dewey decimal chart categories atomic energy religion atomic energy language atomic energy forces nature category number atomic energy
succession bitter largely unprecedented blows shaken american confidence forced question ideas institutions faultless ago presidency armed forces public schools colleges universities mass media cia congress postal service serenely benevolent unprecedented attack suffered clear decline public confidence mere listing traumatic events recent past leaves doubt president kennedy assassinated murder assassinations brother senator robert kennedy midst campaign presidency murder dr martin luther king jr nation eminent civil rights leader leading presidential candidate governor george wallace left crippled attempt president gerald ford escaped assassination attempts president reagan seriously wounded assassin bullet assaults nation leaders effect intent assaults stability confidence nation political system live united states fought bloody unpopular unsuccessful war southeast asia watergate affair greatest political scandal history culminated resignation president richard nixon face impeachment congress earlier vice president spiro agnew resigned separate unrelated scandal high government officials president nixon closest advisers prison inflation troublesome problem postwar era soared annual rate percent early
created farms towns territories west creating heroes values literature culture andrew jackson abraham lincoln redefined american democracy terms homespun broadcloth davy crockett popular hero coonskin democracy later gaudy colorful procession western guides gunslingers bad buffalo bill wild bill hickok jesse james mark twain hailed eminent england critic william dean howells lincoln literature definitive voice america twain memorable literary creations huck finn tom sawyer embody american characteristics youth simplicity native shrewdness scorn theory mere reliance perennial quest symbolized huck search happiness breast brown river god mississippi desire light territory frontier thesis found coherent articulate spokesman historian frederick jackson turner argued existence area free land continuous recession advance american settlement westward explain american development frontier american intellect owes striking characteristics strength combined acuteness inquisitiveness practical inventive turn mind quick find expedients masterful grasp material things lacking artistic powerful effect ends restless nervous energy dominant individualism working evil withal buoyancy exuberance comes freedom traits frontier frontier left heritage individualism equality respect common person scorn elect god helped accentuate attractive traits
early american history women frequently expected guardians morality assumption women innately delicate sensitive compassionate sexual passion greater force masculine behavior ideal victorian woman expected sacrificing devoted family church community nonetheless women began struggle gain equal rights sex early nineteenth century active women movement focusing opposition slavery promotion women rights including vote movement culminated attended convention seneca falls york delegates called independence women correspond independence demanded movement suffered issue slavery absorbed energies reformers civil war occupied attention nation end nineteenth century women denied vote discouraged pursuing higher education restricted jobs momentous breakthrough passage nineteenth amendment constitution granting women vote nonetheless position remained subordinate students women liberation believe contemporary feminist movement began publication betty feminine mystique widely read book suggested women educated aware found attractive traditional role housewife prospect isolation suburban home edition book women movement stressed equality opportunity raising consciousnesses women create awareness artificial stereotypes sexes accustomed
august remarkable history president united states resigned richard nixon earlier won reelection presidency remarkable landslide left office craved planned fought possess decades nixon won election vice presidency appeared party presidential ticket times making durable politician history single exception fdr candidate presidency vice presidency nixon began term office winter power virtually inassailable authority authorized invasion incursion cambodia massive bombing laos issued orders fbi cia internal revenue service police powers legally illegally harass enemies impounded funds projects authorized law vetoed congress sought investigate actions cited executive privilege issued orders high officials administration cooperate congressional committees seeking information needed determine president acting properly constitution president disregard traditional american concept balance power refusal consult cases talk members congress nixon strongest supporters senator barry goldwater complained reach president telephone members cabinet effectively sealed president presidential aide bob defect system confirmed critics presidency fact imperial
held office initiative innovation created image office recent presidents inclined justify actions pointing precedents predecessors pointing constitution important individuals influenced office george washington precedents origin cabinet traditional term limit sanctity thomas jefferson thomas jefferson president political leader political party andrew jackson ostensibly proved commoner president considered voice showed veto times previous presidents combined abraham lincoln led country trying crisis closest thing religious mythical figure end nineteenth century patterns behavior established president expected run terms washington jefferson madison monroe jackson grant cleveland served mckinley elected term assassinated president leader party expected chief initiator legislation case today early presidents served secretary post stepping stone presidency jefferson madison monroe john quincy adams van buren end century practice longer obtained early presidents john adams jefferson van buren elected serving vice presidents course assumed higher office death incumbent recent times vice presidency considered training ground presidency
critics charged congress responsive special interests course takes discussion tangentially interest group large corporations lobby members congress environmentalists common ralph nader friends welfare rights organizations labor groups national rifle association special interests congress ignore groups level branch government charge corruption leveled congress case maladroit illegal campaign funds outright bribery justified criticism unfair consider relative proportion corrupt members congress compared number corrupt persons walks congressional corruption rarely magnitude campaign corruption revealed regarding presidency early related problem conflicts interest disinterested representative vote tax bill bill provisions financially affect company member congress owns stock satisfactory answer problem recently suggestions exposure assets members congress gained ground course stressed expect public servants reproach congress criticized ineffective obstructive house rules committee issue rule bring bill floor frequently cited hindrance progress legislature
category court substantially altered undermine precedents established warren court area due process rights accused court flexible rules requiring police obtain court warrants search seizure deciding persons detained minor charges traffic violations searched evidence unrelated offenses court permitted prosecutors introduce court statements defendant told counsel allowed testimony witnesses identity determined illegal interrogations authorized introduction court confession subject asked attorney allowed police proceed interrogation suspect invoked silence decisions led dissenting justice william brennan worry current court entirely overthrow miranda decision cases summer considerably modified miranda nix williams court adopted limits controversial exclusionary rule evidence illegally obtained police officials excluded criminal trials court ruled improperly obtained evidence trials eventual discovery legal means inevitable case york quarles court held police need advise suspects constitutional rights public safety stake finally called faith case leon court allowed judges admit illegally seized evidence court police officers believed search warrants valid publicized recent supreme court decision bakke case pointed difficulty finding single absolute definition justice
founding fathers united states distrusted party politics hoped nation governed recourse faction reference political parties constitution political parties took shape united states supporters thomas jefferson eventually called democrats banded oppose ruling federalists ironic jefferson founders nation warned americans dangers inherent factions responsible formation nation oldest strongest political party party system dominant american politics parties european nations rest los times suggested party system united states simply works names ballot office americans look quadrennial presidential battle major candidates kind sporting event political version superbowl series politics winning losing obvious aesthetic tidiness big winner big loser students american political system suggested reasons curious persistence party system elect single member districts winner proportional representation party receiving percent votes percent seats legislature likewise presidential race winner election difficult smaller parties sustain term support
rules parties democratic party streamlined nomination process returned power party activists officeholders case number preferential primaries reduced thirty twenty party primaries bunched took place shorter period super tuesdays march june primaries held simultaneously democratic party officeholders national levels chose uncommitted delegates number total delegates returning leverage party regulars addition rules requiring candidate win percent votes congressional district entitled percentage votes democratic convention early endorsements national organization women nea national education afl cio national labor organization walter mondale narrowed field democratic party despite rules democratic primary campaign proved competitive exhausting recent memory nomination remained doubt end campaign candidates walter mondale gary hart jesse jackson campaigning vigorously summer delegates committed candidates chosen primaries caucuses delegates attend national convention party summer election number delegates determined roughly basis population california largest number delegates republican democratic conventions
distinction hard news opinion commentary theory hard news objective report factual events dan evening news opinion reserved editorial pages columnists print media television prerogative commentators mike wallace minutes working members press believe try conform difference practice difficult thing noted element subjectivity mere selection news early months presidential campaign media attention president ford frequent mishaps respect physical mental lapses helped create impression ford bright effective leader unquestionably damaged ford greatly press chosen ignore ford mishaps fact franklin roosevelt crippled polio ford bumping head news reporters editors subjectively believed important key performance president roosevelt polio reporters editors deemed irrelevant senator edward kennedy announced candidacy presidency fall national polls showed leading president carter margin acts official candidate kennedy submitted lengthy questioning cbs reporter roger mudd interview focused kennedy fifteen record senate views foreign domestic problems kennedy personal
early administration president carter clear seek open administration promise frequently holding televised press conferences point president press conferences coming rapidly interest country reporter asked president fear danger overexposure president irritated replied attendance press conferences mandatory exchange highlighted nature media president relationship carter term carter cooperative satisfy reporters problem interesting important president interesting media questions raised altered political environment late twentieth century president honest informed reasonable decent conduct nation affairs formidable virtues role power media america today require critics believe president carter major problem inability move american care deeply issues hour expect mass media effective president define create strong national identity face personal sectional private interests continually pulling country directions point nation incapable rational action oil embargo clear united states required national energy program minimum include program develop alternative sources fuel expand mass transit encourage conservation bring fundamental shift automobiles kinds automobiles
theories forms socialist thought existed centuries nineteenth century german philosopher karl marx codified principles modern socialism creator communist economics refugee native germany living london marx obscure ailing impoverished revolutionary struggled support family sporadic earnings writer including term employment commentator american civil war york tribune loans gifts friend collaborator friedrich engels marx spent haunting london libraries studying economics history philosophy virtually area human culture result created body ideas enormous steadily growing influence course history ensuing powers china soviet union today affirm marxism basis political social organization societies present moment half earth population lives governments formally committed marxist ideology triumphant sweep marx ideas russian revolution parallels human history essential marxist ideas socialist thought original marx attempt build coherent economic system socialist idealism intellectual formula borrowed german philosopher hegel thesis versis antithesis equals synthesis marx proclaimed discovered key history newton laws explained movements planets darwin explained course biological evolution marxists believe discovered principles scientifically explain course human history
hottest place think scorched dry contrary steaming dripping overheated greenhouse built compost heap smells spicy pungent growing rotting atmosphere round equator bullied relentless sun close overhead works daily suffocating heat thunderstorms worthy beginning torrential rain penetrating sun forest shelter rivers rivulets run ravines forest dry steaming mud fill overnight empty spate waterfalls whisper roar tumbling cliffs low clouds thickly matted jungle breaks water edge sudden sound heard lives surely qualities catch imagination grandeur inspire love place hero young gorilla living immense privacy forest family consisted father father wives children counting baby gorillas develop quickly humans small furry person child boy age plague mother baby father object veneration splendid creature size wives powerful belief amiable crossed dictatorial
morning lovely young tell air start early dawn birds valley flown roosting places passing cries alarm stream gorilla family going quench morning thirst birds drinking lifting bills let water trickle taking fluff feathers dip enjoy private morning slumberous silence forest bird crashing leaves rattle alarm gorilla women squealed soft interrogations fours stood wide awake rock thing imagined head shoulders jacked arms elbows turned slightly bringing play immense shoulder muscles deep set eyes bright calculation rapid turns point compass listen toss head tribe hushed direction stream leopard bounded camp narrow body passed undergrowth eel waterweeds sound heavy velvet landing forefeet leap straight uphill acknowledging gorillas glance making sure party assembled ready slipped direction leopard suddenly bottom valley rose repeated sound gorilla heard give meaning thuds strange vibrations
traveling cage carried shade tree door left open soon distance hanno gave sister tug shot reconnoiter nearest bushes ran hard mesh tear bite tried climb roof find hole hanging roof captors food drink put hanno dropped hide cage sister lay unmoving straw took hold cage carried shutting days wandered round edge compound grunting calling turned bleak private contained heap leaves straw romp follow need forage stream dabble tree climb daily excursion rich covering forest possibility disappearing pitiless exposure sat face pressed wire listening longing heard language breathed comfortable family aura loneliness endured camp deserted exhausted efforts squealing mother wonder captor friend offered treats hanno grew welcome rolled tickled laughed laughed
neighbours pitied jo rosie large family called victorian dustman wife proud numerous girls boys growing fine strong steps ladder able wear clothes baby sets girl boy summer winter mrs ruggles buy boots deal heard boots ruggles household wearing shop round corner soled heeled tipped bits iron rubber order try longer nearly week ruggles seen running boot hand shop returning bulky parcel badly wrapped brown paper ruggles family lived small town say cinemas minutes walk door green fields sign house hedge trees round walked half hour town called otwell railway station advertisements called otwell ouse misleading visitor lured london summer posters ouse otwell famous castle rising banks discovered reality ouse muddy sort stream flowed fields sea miles town place curved curiosity town station railway bridge signal box truthfully ouse railway company
names twelve apostles read vicar jo pricked names problem rosie quiet names sure sleeve believed forgiven carnation business kate looked let say matter drew line fancy flowery names boys fancy flowery rosie hand sure simon called peter andrew brother read vicar james son zebedee john brother philip bartholomew thomas matthew pairs jo encouraging pick thought vicar reading thing jo caught workman worthy meat felt singularly hoped sunday dinner idea suddenly struck seized prayer book ledge front wetting finger rustling pages found place wanted pulled stub pencil pocket held poised list apostles shut eyes brought plop james john jo breathed sigh relief afraid philip bartholomew especially bartholomew decides muttered mrs chips grocer wife sitting respelendent sapphire blue velvet farthest corner pew chance think friends gulf grocery scavenging turned stern reproving eye
shrinking stop lay beautiful green silk petticoat bigger doll small william worn things poor lily rose smoking iron holder hand soon told hot iron fire mistake course artificial silk lily rose put iron fire sat pile airing sheets wept minutes later door opened mrs ruggles william arms peg hanging skirt goodness gracious smell burning cried scorching catching sight tearful lily rose early home school let lily rose reply re hurt lily rose past speech point table remains petticoat lay matter cried mrs ruggles speak burnt ironing blanket anyway thing added going table doll clothes told touch irons doll clothes wept lily rose tearful customer petticoat home early sniff flood sniff trying help deed sniff guides sniffs mrs ruggles angry lost handkerchiefs shrink woollens occasionally careful worker career laundress certainly reduced garment sixth original size
sea calm paddling unpleasant water chilly pebbles hurt feet soon abandoned favour daring walk narrow top breakwater breakwater slippy end green weed water deep side disappointing accomplished journey safely hour mrs watkins looked knitting moment gold laid row sun bathing knit purl murmured mrs watkins helped bull eye boat half hour presently announced miss watkins consulting wrist watch outfit complete smallest detail boat demanded kate channel boat goes forward france course replied patricia scornfully past salthaven haven seen kate forced admit consoling find lovely wash continued patricia pity rough waves beach let big heap stones stand wash comes suggested kate agreeing set enthusiasm warm kate glad wearing thick winter gym tunic velours hat hot bear longer anyway look ran mrs watkins purl mrs watkins nodding absently
sunday passed peacefully tried hard avoid mentioning hats evening kate plan discovered sunday dress trying put everyday nightie complicated proceeding lily rose succeeded undetected lay fully dressed shoes awakened middle strange dream missing hat turned large cream bun band mushrooms herrings shrill blast mrs ruggles alarm clock waited heard mother downstairs unlatch front door yard coals slid carefully bed anxious glance lily rose peg slipped nightie taking shoes hand crept quietly downstairs front door soon safely round corner end street sat door step put shoes alternately running walking set direction london road eternity half hour reached fields surrounding big farm resting moment gate breath saw figures coming fields figures baskets figures nearer recognized ted bill mornin kate ruggles found ted level gate clever clever re late left pointed baskets overflowing perfect mushrooms
sitting watching river fun jim knew answer question docks salthaven miles place longed idea suddenly struck ignorance fact brightened idea find track river source straight minute adventure ready hand thought jim began run finish job supper haste ran past boot shop round corner street main road london past park playground saw lily rose kate swinging john shute jo minding peg sand pit sign william past cemetery past turning race course till breath allotments slow course smith end street going attend cabbages things hurry young remarked jim looked scornfully began run fields houses presently path board river turned soon water meadows river ahead hot exhausted stopped sat moment breath
early arrived tourists cars fact dilapidated baby austin sat large alsatian dog growled unpleasantly showed fine set teeth john approached retreated hastily seat beneath castle walls glanced anxiously sky begun brilliantly changing clouds drifting bushes castle ramparts rustled storm brewing hope wasn going rain rain spoil nearly clock neighbouring church struck ten cars began arrive john knew owners sight young farmer civil servants town hall shopping ladies called hurry scornful minders presently large packard chauffeur driven gliding john spirits rose poured voluble american ladies decided unanimously castle romantic john cute certainly hustle chauffeur mind car thank chauffeur expression contradict statement ladies hustled john moved sadly stood contemplating packard distance dust showed gleaming dark paint marvellous huge middle beautiful clear space john ruggles fool chauffeur sitting anyway temptation terrific resolutely thrust hands trousers pockets clutching linings tightly
john idea shower shower rain ready nodded grinned peter grinned jersey john obeyed peter turn stare boy wore braces red belt staggering course john trousers late pair ruggles spite alterations required careful management peter turned tap unfortunately harder intended meant give john sprinkle head apparently turn water minutes later mrs lawrence coming giggling found guest soaked skin bathroom inch deep water thought car wet replied john sort wet mrs lawrence laughed peter decided wear kid jersey red braces belt john boy heart stairs half hour later clean tidy john wearing white shirt grey flannel suit peter lawrence met look young want address letting parents re safe sending telegram john face fell telegram end street telegram neighbours knew inside evening suppose gang heard lovely adventure surprise
mrs lawrence sitting smiled encouragingly later dashed fierce things things spades rakes hoes flower pots sieves water cans stock shop didn begin look john paused bewildered caught mrs lawrence eye looked amused wondered suddenly sit funny place choose funny place looked closely knee held bright red hand bag slightly open peeping shiny shiny bright marked ticket yes white tag hanging john leapt fierce leapt moment scuffle girl running leapt top mrs lawrence hand bag victims snatch grab raid john sat otwell bound bus nearly clock dark inside lights shone brightly mixed smell oil petrol hot stuffiness feel sleepy seat parcels slightly damp clothes basket eggs meccano set prize egg spoon race tin huge piece birthday cake chocolate biscuits delicacies brothers sisters pocket peter suit letter mrs ruggles give mother directly home sure won scold mrs lawrence words bye john taking greatest care patting pocket intervals sure safely
mrs lived rooms kate parents house london think kind relation bedroom floor sitting room room part house called breakfast room breakfast rooms morning sun streams toast marmalade afternoon vanish fill strange silvery light twilight kind sadness child sadness kate liked creep mrs tea mrs teach crochet mrs joints stiff strict exactly certainty kate wild mrs untidy willed mrs taught things crochet wind wool egg shaped ball run fell plan darn tidy drawer lay blessing contents sheet rustling tissue dust child asked mrs kate sat hunched silent hassock sit dreaming lost tongue kate pulling shoe button lost crochet hook making bed quilt woolen squares thirty put hastily put bottom shelf bookcase bed bottom shelf repeated mrs needle flicking steadily firelight
arrietty braced muscles heaved book knees stood upright floor fuel assorted slack crumbled candle grease pewter mustard pot shoveled spoon arrietty trickled grains tilting mustard spoon spoil blaze stood basking warmth charming fireplace arrietty grandfather cogwheel stables part cider press spokes cogwheel stood starry rays fire nestled center chimney piece small brass funnel inverted belonged oil lamp matched stood days hall table upstairs arrangement pipes spout funnel carried fumes kitchen flues fire laid match sticks fed assorted slack burned iron hot homily simmer soup spokes silver thimble arrietty broil nuts cozy winter evenings arrietty book knees reading aloud pod shoemaker button boots kid gloves alas family homily quiet knitting homily knitted jerseys stockings blackheaded pins darning needles reel silk cotton stand table high chair pulled sharply reel tip roll open door dusty passage arrietty re wind carefully rolled
homily kneeling floor arm round arrietty skinny shoulders arrietty gravely upstairs asked arrietty giants yes arrietty aunt sophy mrs driver homily crampfurl garden laid roughened hand arrietty clasped uncle hendreary arrietty thought awhile abroad emigrated corrected homily side aunt lupy children badger set hole bank hawthorn hedge think arrietty face alight doors lie sun run grass swing twigs birds suck honey nonsense arrietty exclaimed homily sharply nasty habit uncle hendreary rheumatic sort emigrated stressing word seen arrietty seen april rosa pickhatchet drawing room mantelpiece places added suddenly wondering arrietty heard seen fit tell drawing room mantelpiece place father assures seen floor standing sideways handle bureau steadying key father goes drawing room liver pill put pod mean asked homily startled liver pill lupy pod spoke wearily started rumor liver pills drawing room mantelpiece
hundred ago ill doctors ways find going wrong inside stethoscopes listening sounds heart lungs doctors look patients skin feel suspicious bumps lumps examine samples urine saliva body products tools invented peering patient eyes throat doctors couldn happening inside patients bodies actually cutting open dangerous german physicist wilhelm roentgen took picture wife started revolution medicine unusual picture showed bones mrs roentgen hand gold wedding ring eerily suspended fingerbone ordinary light picture roentgen rays unlike ordinary light rays rays pass solid objects pass soft tissues body easily hard bone bones skeleton show shadows ray prints doctors today negatives bones show white black background newspapers published picture mrs roentgen hand ray pictures quickly latest fad fashionable ladies ray pictures hands wearing fanciest rings engaged couples sentimentally treasured ray images hands clasped doctors discovered ray pictures permitted find gallstones locate foreign objects lodged patients flesh ray broken bone showed exactly fracture cast put ray check bone set properly
cat scanners introduced big pictures patient head expensive single machine cost person head injury doctors cat scan find bleeding inside brain exactly problem troubled headaches learn brain tumor cyst surgeons knowing operated exactly tumor large plan operations hurt healthy brain tissue later body scanners developed expensive brain scanners doctors hospitals eagerly ordered cat scanners doctors cut open patient body find going inside look slice patient organs pictured tv screen tumors outlined clearly cat scans show tumor cancerous doctor drain cyst kidney pancreas surgury watching carefully cat scan inserting hollow needle cat scans surgery detect infections doctors tool follow studies treatments working cat scanners grew rapidly awhile government agencies consumer groups began ask worried questions cat scanners maybe big waste money maybe dangerous orders cat scanners slowed careful studies
kind scanning safe patient ultrasonography pictures formed bouncing ultrasound high pitched sound waves body structures sound waves high pitched human ears hear bats kind natural ultrasonography find prey fly dark send high pitched cries ultrasound waves bounce objects large part bat brain specially adapted computer analyzes sound waves bounce builds patterns picture tree branches fluttering moths things bat path dolphins whales similar ultrasonic location system find underwater darkness sonar systems detect submarines objects water copied animal abilities ultrasonography ultrasonic waves bounced body structures echoes vary depending kind tissues passed patterns echoes provide information form picture picture cross section picture cat scanner produces doctors think ultrasonography safer cat scanning sound waves body rays ultrasonography cat scan pregnant women obstetricians find tool helpful ultrasonography picture fetus inside mother womb tell woman going twins triplets ultrasonography shows kinds defects development fetus congenital heart defects doctors prepared treat baby soon born
lands planet aspires act communicate earth undoubtedly electronic tracking earth arrival distant planet sees feels discovers news eagerly awaited achievement voyage suddenly secondary importance communication immemorial strongest drives communicate fellows limited gruntlike vocabulary stone age savage crude drawings walls caves beating war drums blowing shells horns primitive expressions urge hearing sight tools reception sounds visual signals instruments transmission light travels faster sound greater distances fire beacons commonest signals earliest recorded message fly wings fire announced fall troy according homer iliad fire flash signal greeks secreted trojan horse emerge city sentinel watching mount ida waited victory lit fire flame seen hilltop sentry island seventy miles west aegean turn flaming pile sprang peak peak island island intervening sea successive fires relayed news king agamemnon palace mycenae greeks persians romans fact early mediterranean civilizations fire beacons informed ships battle gradually range sounds visual signals expanded crude megaphones extended distance voice carry
morse system submitted congress approval financial backing considered revolutionary blasphemous places ends wire playing god morse chance paid tribute thinking publicly demonstrated message telegraphed baltimore washington hath god wrought success baltimore washington experiment established practicality electric telegraph united states cook system magnetized needle pointing letters alphabet established telegraph england point electric telegraphy spread faster wildfire wires suspended poles insulated glass holders stretched south orleans west mississippi river north maine novia scotia systems paid tribute morse patent innumerable promoters raised innumerable lines cutthroat competition england electric telegraph quickly replaced semaphore middle century miles line connected major town city kingdom tracks british railroads supplying information train operations continent europe according international communications union government sponsored telegraph lines opened france belgium germany austria hungary italy noted union remained obstacle semaphores visual telegraph electrical telegraph overcome sea discovery gutta percha important universal telegraph electricity sea barriers overcome water conductor electricity conductor hard find substance insulate current leaking traveling earth
york financiers rounded marshall roberts chandler white moses taylor field started going determination imagination risen top shipping manufacturing finance nucleus subscribed money send cyrus lawyer brother dudley field newfoundland pay gisborne debts possession charter canada granted generous terms guarantee interest bonds fifty square miles land island company reconstituted subscribed capital changed york newfoundland london telegraph company italics question putting things wisest start sound base america span gulf st lawrence build lines newfoundland novia scotia larger project ocean cable need britain full support tremendous cost divided england america chances getting support show job successfully completed initial phase matthew field frederick gisborne supervise construction land lines cyrus materials help needed cable gulf companies united states experience equipment cable field sailed england january north atlantic inclined stormiest sixty transatlantic crossings seasick voyage
pre christian times festivities set pay tribute birth unconquered sun occurred christmas season important feast mithraic creed religion roman empire competitor budding christianity feast occurred cleansing temple part december significance occasion overlooked followers christ previously professed judaism dedication temple rite known centuries adapting practices festivals early fathers christian church captured spirit festival rebirth transformed signify coming christ ancient festival meaning cold north teutons observed winter solstice calling yule nights referred twelve nights early january kalends marking beginning elections public office feasting merriment comic note personified amateur actors known mummers dressed grotesque costumes animal skins paraded streets spirit occasion exemplified exchange wishes happiness prosperity custom lingers activities today libanius famous scholar early church recorded impressions season nearly sixteen hundred ago makes realize human nature changed materially
christmas tree introduced america german settlers commonwealth eighteenth century national symbol christmas country distinct contribution christmas traditions community christmas tree found nearly city town large small country elaborate lighting effects buildings trees shrubbery seen enjoy christmas called truly american origin christmas heritage composite santa claus part north american childhood young folk consider family friend lives north pole makes annual visit boys girls aid countless helpers dressed alike department stores schools sunday schools known america dutch settled york seventeenth century called st nicholas actually popularity united states stems visit st nicholas written amusement children york clergyman dr clement moore account presented author toys ages brings mind highlights story washington irving told story st nicholas knickerbocker history delight readers england america later small juvenile published york called children friend simple book sparkling color plates equal number verses santeclaus shown riding sleigh drawn single reindeer believed mention santa reindeer sleigh today
family sits dinner christmas eve christmas fire julebaal relic pre christian times lighted open viewed indoors glow hearth gleaming candles bright eyed danes observe season joy glory point importance light warmth friendship dispellers gloom evil trouble olden times turning wheels frowned season impatience displayed sun rising position sky denotes coming spring lighted candle window universal message welcome stranger means food shelter offered travelers passing spirit christ child christmas eve dinner starts rice porridge sprinkled cinnamon magic almond family sure find serving roast goose stuffed apples prunes served red cabbage small caramel browned potatoes favored holiday dish apple cake layers bread crumbs applesauce jam topped whipped cream marzipan kinds cookies including brunekager flavored molasses spice peppernuts favorites generous quantities served comes call holidays housewife fails show guests true hospitality bear yule spirit house return early month baking delicacies prepared kinds dough allowed ripen baking
makes gay exciting look reminded christmas streets gay festive decorations lights thronged rushing square prominent intersection big community christmas tree trees buy home vendors find space display corner santa claus helper standing kettle collect coins christmas dinners needy walks street shop windows admire shopkeepers displayed attractive wares appealing entice buyers stores windows glimpses fairyland lifelike characters stories children love scenes santa workshop animated figures santa claus elves going tasks inside stores decorated spirit season merchandise appeal taste display toy department crowded pushing jostling throng boys girls gaze filled wonderment toys imaginable imagined walking talking dolls miniature space stations jet aircraft end room throng waiting line santa claus holding interviews small fry listens christmas dreams desires safe say merchant united states put efforts season planned months advance sales christmas account fourth entire trade
morning christmas house filled excitement bustle kitchen full smells tante eugenie baking kinds things past weeks baking cookies cakes crocks full stood shelf rabbits dressed cleaned ready reveillon ragout pea soup bubbling stove ready supper lovely tree stood corner parlor angel top candles tips branches ready lighted house shining clean suzanne tante eugenie berthe dressed waiting uncle jacques andre ready cippy paule scrubbed dressed cippy hair damp curls paule tied ribbon sunday course wasn christmas eve pretty soon uncle jacques called door church confession midnight mass brought tante eugenie gifts tree hiding places mystery tiptoeing suzanne saw uncle jacques door parlor close quickly heard rustle paper saw tante eugenie slip closed door cupboard stairs andre coat past kitchen gave tante opened door crack whispered moment door shut hard cippy paule seeing
christmas comes mexicans christmas celebrated color mexico mexican observance happy mingling religious social spirit festivity reverence shared children mexico weeks revel delights christmas celebration starts sixteenth december ends observance epiphany january doubt american children adopt mexican christmas celebrate christmas want give things yuletide dear wonder girls boys willing give santa claus christmas tree things important observance christmas mexico let mexico offer weeks celebration weeks christmas market places begin display christmas wares small indian villages mountains city veritable santa claus shop adobe house member indian family gathered fingers flying busily eyes bright voices raised song joy feel making christmas toys tiniest child aged grandparents shares tiny learning aged learned trinkets toys bring pesos pockets christmas puestos
alexander conqueror pupil aristotle felt function civilize lands subdued orient brought deliberately wealth civilization grown hellas epics homer hesiod poetry alcaeus sappho drama aeschylus sophocles euripides aristophanes artistic standards acropolis philosophy plato aristotle deepest roots later sprang stoicism epicureanism scepticism neo platonism alexander gift east short entire orient hellenized india hellespont egypt black sea peoples diverse stocks learned speak greek dress greeks worship greeks think greeks native cultures oriental countries completely obliterated concealed underneath hellenistic veneer older egyptian civilization persisted ancient babylonian genius lived spiritual forces expressed language patterns greek hundred fifty civilized remained hellenistic fusion orient occident syncretism hellenism older cultures sprang brilliant graceful civilization known dead half forgotten ancient greek oriental draw lineaments picture restored place infinitely rich material things wharves alexandria merchants bartered products lands
event hanukkah fit history jewish mentioned connection story important remember twenty centuries longer story tell centuries event follow jewish connection transformation east story hanukka reveals petty nations jealous neighbors empires contended dominion survived conscious historic group alexander focal point part story coming east marks definite era history part touch conquering sword awakened asia administrative methods ideas replaced lethargic system unwieldy loosely bound benevolent persian empire eastern ready change generation warfare conqueror death generals dividing spoils conquest hinder spread greek civilization soil responded manner modernization methods agriculture began produce abundantly commerce began flourish intimate connection east west population asiatic lands bordering mediterranean increased rapidly territory greek influence lived nation small area population
story believed theorizers mentioned say talk ancient miracle fire celebration instituted honor tends strengthen hypothesis read meanings book maccabees explanation simpler author book trying persuade jews egypt observe holiday hanukkah matter fact wrote book variety reasons egyptian jews interest hanukkah ancestors threatened antiochus head judaism land egypt descendant onias high priest trouble started regarded rightful claimant office jerusalem hasmoneans occupied victory syrians won expected egyptian jews find interest holiday established memory maccabeans naturally author book urged hanukkah jews egypt likely look non arguments prove sacredness close hand found tradition based fact purely fantasy seized drive home point matter fact book offers plausible reason original celebration days calls hanukkah sukkot offers explanation judah pious followers finally cleansed temple bethought fact stress campaign prevented observing sukkot
tradition silent size shape number menorahs temple rebuilt return babylonian exile probability menorahs period modeled mosaic menorahs thread information retrieved century era period maccabees menorah play part miraculous story hanukkah tradition crowned sacred vessel halo heroism light god jupiter herodian temple menorahs dimensions design talmud describe mosaic menorah details appearance lacking bible height seventy inches thirty inches tripod base section branches begin shoot outward twenty additional inches extension branches branches inch thickness separated inch intervals total fifty inches remaining twenty inches elongation central shaft elaborate design cups knobs flowers cups bore marked resemblance alexandrian drinking vessels knobs represented apples keraze town famous testament mentioned jewish literature period flowers counterparts amudim town galilee keraze west capernaum sea galilee outstanding feature menorah herodean temple ner ha ma arabi western lamp wicks branches faced western light remained aglow refilled evening
early rule reserve hanukkah lights interior house easily external lamp invite extinction gaonim felt permit jews forego duty publishing miracle light rooms streets nay practice traced early roman days obvious transference helped hanukkah domestic celebration led development interest history art illumination common medieval ceremonies beginning fourteenth century jews acquired habit placing family candles synagogue memory dead atonement festival customary parts bear huge torch front scroll law societies young devoted illuminating synagogue occasions germany fourteenth century berit milah candles lit maharil tells case initiation twin boys mayence occasion lit twenty small candles adds double usual number naturally feast hanukkah distinctive traits prevalence illumination times helped spur medieval jews give hanukkah lights special prestige date strauss catalogue accurate early twelfth century goldsmiths applied nascent feeling art construction ornate hanukkah lamps dates found lyons excavations jewish quarter
games characteristic feature hanukkah games chance frowned permitted provided course degenerate gambling chess dominoes riddles ketowes depended numerical values words encouraged popular children game top drehdel trendle galgelon square top side inscribed hebrew letters nun gimmel shin regarded initial letters sentence nes gadol hayah sham miracle happened entire month kislev children busy carving tops wood casting lead game sort put letters signifying gain loss break top spun anxious heads turn watch course anxious eyes strained letter looks top comes rest side nun means nichts give child turn spin top luck gimmel top means ganz spin fortunate bring means halb half half turn bring greatest misfortune showing shin top saying shtell put eighth feast children special holiday called zot hanukkah hanukkah remains oil hanukkah lamps children special illumination games gift giving children elders exchange presents
play produced simply simple construction puppets properties scenes materials inexpensive easily obtainable balsa plain pine wood cardboard denim cloth velvet common dress stuffs furniture bought toy shop directions construction notes advisable consult bibliography libraries titles books puppets complete directions friendly tree large trunk paint brown construct branches extend stage paint green pleasant face top tree cloth flap mouth attach string flap mouth animated tree speaks tree friendly alive fresh give decoration stage braced standing mobile suggested cardboard cut construct tree galgelon top hanukkah top puppet size sides paint hebrew letters head hinged body move galgelon sings talks legs short springs feet attached springs balsa plain pine wood construction simple effective giving galgelon easy action movement top animated lively festive air dance amaziah naughty boy age child usual manner let wear tan shirt denim trousers reach ankles give effect overalls
summer nearing end blue colorado sky trembled sunlight gale september swept peaks east face rockies spruces tossed slopes timberline yellowing leaves swirled willow shrubs high valleys mountain streams sun torn frayed wind valleys front range thousand feet sea level shrew lay napping roof matted grass leaves tailed shrew masked shrew fully grown weighed penny tapering muzzle curved tiny feet drawn close beneath tail inch half stuck stiffly brownish gray fur melted shadows lay undisturbed roar wind snatching bit sleep sheltered place nest hunger drove hunt hunger ruled valley searched eat continual frenzy shrew turned food energy quickly eat constantly waking hours order going slept spent darting hunting insects worms grubs caterpillars sat snowshoe rabbit lived spruces edge beaver flat lazily sunned rock surveyed ground squirrel lived pine slept quietly deer mouse
shrew fresh trail grass learn weasel longer turned furtively swiftly finish investigating fallen branch whiskering reached end branch ground windswept grass entirely free weasel scent stood hind feet poke head noisy half light tuft pine needles swayed grass muzzle quivering peered eyes shrews weak nearby shapes black gray lived color mice rabbits squirrels valley saw dark swinging twig jumped inches pull cocoon seized greedily nose told unformed moth dead placing forefoot silken sheath biting end abandoned continued hunger drove found bulk pine big sprawling fathom blocked runways protected piling twigs needles top grass roof underbranches snapped pine crashed held trunk propped inches ground darting trunk debris broken branches shrew unexpected feast treasure trove seeds kinds seeds lay scattered grass
saw shattered pine ground paralleling end dam saw shaggy roots sticking air trunk craned neck blinking eyes wind sun shadow flickered shrubs raced dry grass beaver flat light dark flickering racing neighbors shrew mouse ground squirrel weasel colors light dark shades gray wind flowed staring ceaseless movement felt hunger gnawing lean body days meal find creature abroad wind wait wasn wind hummock fallen tree small dark thing stirring grass separate deer mouse flickering sunlight waving grass saw small dark shape begin stagger bounded flash hunger reached hummock mouse grass full scent nose ground fresh trail windswept patches grass willow clumps fallen branch blocking trail stopped stronger scent shrew blotted scent deer mouse thwarted weasel dashed trying pick mouse trail lost scent turned source hummock start neared hummock saw unexpected movement upturned roots tree
york place enjoy downright miraculous nature planet doubt remarkable stories heard strange sights seen grasp marvel fully savored aspects jostled hustled crowded street city true wildernesses happen hotel room high roofs dawn night twentieth floor midtown hotel awoke dark grew restless impulse climbed broad fashioned window sill opened curtains peered hour dawn hour sigh sleep awake strive focus wavering eyesight emerging shadows leaned sleepily open window expected depths sight saw found looking height series curious cupolas lofts barely darkness looked outlines lofts distinct light reflected wings pigeons utter silence beginning float outward city open slits cupolas passed white winged birds mysterious errands hour city quietly brush single wing tip stone high eerie place taking spires manhattan pouring upward light perceptible human eyes black darkness alleys midnight
writing later printing product adaptable hands writing increase genetic inborn capacity ice advance modern carries mind intellectual triumphs predecessors able inscribe thoughts posterity animals reason believe intelligent relatives apes elephant raccoon wolverine problem solvers small manipulators environment save instinctive calls species communicate direct imitation invent words situations fellows words matter high individual intelligence private remains private possession locked forever single perishable brain fact finally balks hunger communicate sensitive dog shares fireside dr lilly insists porpoises communicate high pitched underwater whistles transmit wishes problems question ascertaining sounds represent true language sense symbolic meanings additive learned elements simply instinctive signals pack animal clear answer eagerness laboratory sounds voices copied captive porpoises suggests vocalizing ability extending threshold speech intelligent land animals prehensile grasping organs exploring environment hands anthropoid relatives sensitive inquiring trunk elephant surprising things porpoise superior brain unaccompanied type manipulative organ
autumn midnight caught staring idly study window attic cupola victorian house loomed neighboring grove trees suppose episode happened grown dimly aware amidst encasing cocoon books papers missing feeling brought desk peer hopelessly relentless advance suburban housing seen window spell death loved finally blundering confidence land tortoise fallen victim expressway kind longer replace chipmunk held valiantly drainpipe lawn forced flee usurping rats supermarket parking lot occupied view window trapped despair alluded utterly hopeless fear confined moderns miracles happen considered tried attic room trees wisdom search search unlikely yield tangible results boyhood charmed unexpected beautiful led originally science felt instinctively needed needed verged miracle scientist believe miracles willingly granted word broad latitudes definition unconsciously search search restricted bones stones visible profession
late find thinking beautiful sight birds taking york run hills live course sound lived high sort watch birds listened sparrows tapping tentatively air conditioners thought listening birds test vibrations television aerials ask vibrations door open softly spotlight ready turn blind birds couldn roof short piece ladder put wall shelf expected biggest haul information needed skilled assassin pushed door open hinges squeaking bird stirred hear flew faint starlight holes roof padded floor ladder light ready slithered ladder till head arms shelf dark pitch starlight place shelf eaves light blind reached arm carefully order ready seize put flash edge shelf stand turned
stevenson dreamed strange dream transformation resulted story known dr jekyll hyde ill fated dr jekyll horrifying discovery human consciousness racked opposing forces stevenson epitomizing preoccupations victorians struggle evil philosophy subject marked victorian approach problem emergence conception mind arisen darwinian discovery evolution body darwin followers seen arising struggle beast beast inevitably dragging midnight experiences vestigial ferocity slowly eroding conditions civilized enlightenment intricacies human mind touched penetrating scalpel freud plain upward beast myth deathless garden moral fall occurred abandoned ascending ape fallen angel choice oddly circumstances theological quarrel england giant faces easter island reentered history occupied scientific attention legend remote castle continent intertwined stairs run upward tower clever architect remarkable design stairway steps twine intertwine ascent ascending glimpse point counterpart coming private pathways
happen albert dreyer especially spring remember skip feet mark skipped remember wouldn remember place paused shook ice glass spoke easily road finally marsh schuykill river industrial house laboratory thrown convenient marsh helped studies amphibia wild lonely road wanted solitude demand naturalist understand course knew death young wife grief loneliness despair mention things naturalist agreed exactly held black gloved hand glanced meditatively axolotl newt neoteny worked hard hesitated things forget times worked night diverted waiting result experiment midnight walks strange road wild paved close city occasional street lamps uphill downhill bits forest leaning till walked tunnel trees suddenly marsh road ended unused wharf place place walk think place shadows stretch ahead dim lamp spring reached
moment eye fallen junk dealer passing fateful corner thought instantly save immortalize unseizable moment junkman symbol going passing intersection nothingness say mind hold forget darting lizard points manzanillo tree converged tightened phantom horse heaped chaotic wagon jouncing intersection street crossed forty fled wrong powers latent brain scene process estimated lowering sun eye mind lizard rustling continued blistering apples manzanillo reminded inconsequential wild plum fall nebraska edible contained simpler version mystery hidden heads hoarding dispersing energy inanimate universe running regard organism configuration contrived evade tendency universal laws nature john joly geologist remarked unlike fire thicket burned cunningly hoarded resources energy provisions seed provided individual death unexpected qualities unexpected universe sheer organizing power animal plant metabolism remarkable case everyday marvels granted reaches highest development human mind forget completely history junkman street prevented departing
seen tree root burst rock face mountain slowly wrench gateway forgotten city cunning feat readily granted unlike inanimate round circumvent barrenness kind desperate resides root perform evasive tactics army slowly inching crevices hoarding energy someday swells living tree upheaves heaviest mausoleum covert struggle part lifelong battle waged law thermodynamics heat death frequently assumed rule universe hands hoarded energy takes strange forms methods accumulation diverse ways expenditure hundreds thousands longer recorded history kin phantom girl lived cities italian mediterranean northern tentacles groping ice low archaic skull vault capacious neanderthal digging small dreams kindnesses buried dead offerings evidences laid instances beds wild flowers chipped flints fires cavern darkness mind involved kind bowmen artists terrible creatures blood autumn driftage lasted forever heavy brow changed chill nights line mingled changeling cuckoo brood multiplied expense certainty
remnants talked athens consumed flames alexandria hesitantly crept early seventeenth century sir francis bacon asserted agency aspect things universe comes view words laying basis call drawn natural sheer power human mind course unwittingly sort speak bacon dreaming invention toleration escape irrational custom herald scientific method method demands history history eager student ago beheld symbolically corner shape junkman cart knowledge past thickets future desperate unclear bacon rocks conception natural order sense restored mathematical formula traveling weakly fibers neopallium serve wreck planet kind metabolic energy envisaged lichen attacking rock face dreamed flickering shadows cave fire ancient sources hunger drawn potential found call natural terrifying intricacy product visionary evoked brain exist planet increasingly uneven balance
decided child decided give quiet evenings books lazy weekends music intimate meals finish sentences sweet private times savored thought love need decided turn sofas trampolines abandon joys leisurely contemplating reproductions art joys frantically coping reproductions poets reason children give immortality admit ask god give son wanted carry family god confess times told son reveal don tell immortality children hope house die immortality reason wife produced beloved sources dirty laundry ceaseless noise thought fun sit chair stick leg running launched explorer child launching pad replied stick leg dad didn leg going leg lot function things forget raising children daffodils
love course makes fathers love woman married love baby seen threw shoes spite reservations scary business reproduction admit look happy re carrying babies male looks especially happy carry darling packager wife happy feels fulfilling woman heard females say mothers wanted feel women felt longshoremen times baby wanted sounds reason climbing mount everest breaking minute mile chimpanzee baby human female realize feat entry guinness book records father course feels mere impregnation mate otters apes olympic gold medal stuff afraid garter snakes feels positively heroic feels wife nobly created thinks created top ten underachievers town male rid feeling inflating wife makes mere fertilization reason high stop feeling smugly triumphant love wife pregnancy test attention span pay attention says moving
feeding child floor raising child expensive lord wise woman pregnancy months shorter temporary insanity kids wiped learned talk john rockefeller money child didn spend ninety thousand dollars snoopy pens superhero mugs smurf pajamas barbie ferraris difference money father earns dad wonders born beg bought children rainbow brite jacuzzi hearing dad dad dad buy children talent gifted beggars ran room looked happy re father tangible token appreciation dollar temperature parent quickly learns matter money able buy kids want mortgage house buy think entire snoopy line snoopy pajamas snoopy underpants snoopy linen snoopy shoelaces snoopy cologne snoopy soap snoopy send poorhouse calvin klein direct trip
highway interstate eastbound columbia missouri road follows booneslick trail initial leg oregon trail parallels southern latitude glacier central missouri northern boundary osage nation cherokee skirmished length missouri illinois ten memory hard driving spring fastest route east homeland memory turn eye watched particularities item green grainy corrupted ice ponds item blackbirds passing storm borne leaves sweeping treetops moving invisibly tethered item barn roofs painted visit rock city states fell swoop loved item uprooted fencerows osage orange called hedge apples mulberry family osage bows war clubs limbs trunks natural fungicide carried telegraph lines roots furnished dye doughboy uniforms olive drab osage orange going bigger tractors longer rows high hill boys flying gaudy butterfly kites pulled hard leashes strings flight town surprising flatness single main street turn century buildings paralleling interstate high hill sat golden piece sunlight broke moved street things held town looked museum diorama eighty miles rain started popping windshield road blobby headlights green interstate signs exit exit
morning incident blackbirds happened swarm swarm wheeled ghost dancing dropped tall oaks watch dawn conducting sort ancient bird worship spring sun arrivals fluttered branches immediately turned warm light sunflowers head faced east birds chattered fat buds throaty squeakings thousands unoiled wheels heat moon says planting season blackbirds return sunrise warm golden light disappeared blackness trees absorbed days saw sun walk main street shelbyville kentucky centuries american architecture rough hewn timber post bellum brick victorian fretwork plate glass founded town part country west end main stripping siding small story house exposed log cabin stopped watch straighten doorway perspective sidewalk eyed lintel looked tilting list live want door set jack measured leaned timbers creaked squared shoved couple fours lintel hold true cranked jack look hundred fifty likely fall today started jacking
cookeville easter morning cold bottom dante hell winter returned whistling thin bluish snowflakes ground bowing jonquils couldn warm night full dreams moving sleep schools ocean fish dart turn suddenly resting hung depths currents bending enfolding sea fronds eelgrass route cumberland plateau strip mining country mountains absence billboards small ineptly lettered signs furniture hot sandwitches turkey shoot saterday drinking aloud reading shoulder wartburg edge dark cumberlands dripped cold mist blowing knobs cafes closed choice wet mountain gloom massive walls black shale hanging road threats highway turned ugly past frozen head park trash dumpster pullout soggy sofas chairs lay encircled dismal acrid smoke smoldering junk golden styrfoam big mac containers blew zeus raped danae shoot hamburglar sight mountains opened oak ridge town federal government hid southern appalachians war purpose carving future pitchblende lay scientists working manhattan project plutonium bookstore museum atomic energy complete book heating wood build low cost log home mountains spinning steering wheel gear mist wet washed clean
woman authority knew face pallid partly boiled potato looked carved paring knife matron note alexander city women dark eighteen hole tans sat bench alongside tennis courts daughters took lessons lights discussion bench tupperware potato shower gift pak explained eldest received upright freezer full nesting food containers walkers reminds woman mildred taking cobalt authority answered daughter pearl mint lipgloss jogged handsome standing courts shirt famous crocodile laughing damp haltertop tennis shorts clung tattoos didn mind staring buy cola drink daddy sunburned end bench share attention goes school north touch north south makes difference girls returned lessons father courtside women talked aboveground swimming pools sunburned fellow muttered green van nodded told looking south asked atlanta trying stay cities seeing south moved bench smelled booze emory university drove city bus atlanta pay schooling rambled watched players chase tennis balls
trace pastures pecan groves tilled fields wildflowers clover pressed close trees purple drupes wisteria hung grape clusters pond colony muskrats turned learned drove northwest cross mississippi vicksburg south town ate sandwich civil war earthworks stuck bluff high river aeries cannoneers lobbed shells union gunboats running river rock stick falling height hit terrible impact western side river louisiana hills mississippi gave low level cotton fields humid heat waves boiled turning dusty tractors shimmering distortions temperature climbed eighty big oak gum grew middle fields farmer ate dinner cooled team took afternoon nap interfered air conditioned powerhouse tractors plowing acres tall trees remained traffic lane carried farm trucks tractors pulling big cannisters liquid fertility federal highway driven rougher county highways slowly trundling heat traveler leaves journey open road finds unforeseen things shape fecundity unexpected proudhon called cajun fried chicken stand monroe accent syllable stopped gas determined direction days wasn interested franchise chicken word cajun brought scent gumbo hot boudin dirty rice
cajuns believe thing mississippi hebert atchafalaya shorter guff missippi big river gonna find corps damned rain gonna start rainin stop missippi gonna ninety miles west orleans st martinville gonna seaport won firstest river runnin lady orleans indian legend tells serpent fabulous dimension living atchafalaya basin chitimacha braves slew writhing throes gouged bayou teche teche indian word snake cajuns say big river avenge serpent wait teche western edge basin paralleling atchafalaya spared salvation wreaked river roads teche atchafalaya highway gulf heart louisiana half eighteenth century settlements lay teche st martinville lafayette opelousas iberia teche navigable hundred miles indians put dugouts spanish adventurers french explorers floated cypress trunk pirogues displacing fifty tons settlers rode keelboats pulled mules slaves merchandise arrived paddlewheelers civil war union gunboats teche commandeer fertile cane fields banks waterway wider length war canoe deeper swifter mud turtles swim blue road opelousas follows teche sugarcane cypress live oak iberia
stopped log hotel quench desert thirst sign door live animals allowed guess bring dead wanted woman shouted servin unmoving eyes heavy cast lead watched suspiciously live badger jacket weasel pantleg fine hotel mind look big map shrugged moved safe live animal attack hunting place marked hopi reservation north red left asked water lizard highway winding pine forests central arizona let mountains boss avenues left open crossing ridges slipping unobtrusively narrow spans streams rounded boulders reached massive escarpment called mogollon rim challenge geography climb face shifted low ghost dancing pulled hard dusty leathery face creased boot strained bicycle style fat tires called hello summit waited ascent lay cars crumpled wads clear air count ranges mountains successively grayer reminiscent chinese woodblock prints mogollon spectacular place anesthetized endless kodachromes cyclist passed called bravo acknowledged
hanged horsethief times austin nevada hangman couldn length rope adjusted properly conscientious public official thieving going syphoning gasoline automobiles night found stations closed dark gas couple hours austin canyon west slope toiyabe mountains living ghost town forty percent living fifty percent ghost ten percent decided seat connecticut sized lander county mainly place battle mountain honestly call town battle mountain times population thanks interstate power plant wanted government mines starting produce price silver rose working austin county seat austin commented finished twenty ago fella wrote book called town died laughing stick head window listen laughing ask don believe damned bit change sides town prospect holes riddled mountains dripped mine tailings ulcerated wounds west hundred feet lay flat desert valley disappearing shoshone mountains horizon main street straight steep run austin mountain desert side streets hard packed oily sand gradients test donkey rutted sidewalks washing slope west canopies
argument sand mountain crossed highway sense saw thing single massive mound tawny sand wavy hump larger ridges sage rock size wasn big mountain definition surely dune nevadans called singing sand mountain pleasant hum blowing sands heard mountain road vehicles california took crossed mile flat stretch alkali crusts shallow winter run machine scraped salt crystals tell cafe owner preparing broilers supper found chicken craws laden golden gravel butchered yard hens found nuggets flat contained gold began looking source chickens learned raised separate farms bought search lasted chicken craw goldrush died born stopped beer salt wells place called maxi salt wells entirely chinese red building didn ornamental wrought iron fence covered front gate locked turning leave noticed arrow pointing button push felt alice wonderland pushed dark face peered circle scraped window painted red gate clicked open inside walls ceiling curtains lightbulbs bright red sticker navy saloon peculiar desert
johann nepomuk took steps legitimise young grown house called parish priest dollersheim persuaded cross word illegitimate register append statement signed witnesses brother johann georg hiedler accepted paternity child alois means conclusive evidence probability adolf hitler grandfather father alois suggested jew definite proof beginning twelve adolf born father called hitler son known opponents dug forgotten village scandal tried justification label grandmother schicklgruber alois left uncle home age thirteen serve cobbler apprentice vienna trade eighteen joined imperial customs service alois served customs officer braunau towns upper austria earned normal promotion minor official certainly moved steps social scale peasant origins official resplendent imperial uniform hapsburg service alois hitler appeared image respectability private belied appearances married anna glasl daughter customs collector marriage success children separation alois wife considerably older ailing died
german workers party originally set locksmith anton drexler idea party working class nationalist saw hitler seen middle class movement fatherland front hopelessly touch masses coming increasingly influence national propaganda scarcely impressive scene evening september hitler attended meeting munich beer cellar twenty gathered speakers gottfried feder economic crank known munich impressed hitler political courses arranged army days later hitler received postcard inviting attend committee meeting german workers party hesitation hitler committee met obscure beer house alte rosenbad herrnstrasse badly lighted guest room single guest seen searched door led side room face face committee dim light shed grimy gas lamp sitting round table hitler frankly acknowledges obscurity attraction party beginning bottom prospect imposing ideas days joined committee seventh member slowly painfully prodded cautious unimaginative colleagues committee bolder methods invitations multigraphed small advertisement inserted local paper larger hall secured
nazism phenomenon throve conditions disorder insecurity endemic germany defeat factors appearance brought highly industrialized country continental europe verge economic political disintegration occupation ruhr collapse mark autumn german government professed unable continue paying reparations requested moratorium french government poincare technical excuse german default deliveries timber move french troops industrial district ruhr january cut eighty cent steel pig iron production eighty cent coal rest germany french proceeded bring economic country standstill result french occupation unite german united early days war german government called campaign passive resistance undeclared war weapons side strikes sabotage guerilla warfare arrests deportations economic blockade occupation ruhr gave final touch deterioration mark savings middle classes working classes wiped single blow ruthlessness revolution equal worked till dropped impossible buy clothes family case found violence hitler denunciations corrupt jew ridden system allowed happen bitterness attacks versailles settlement republican government accepted found echo misery despair large classes german nation
hitler dwelt length threat communism mob storming streets germany conception act subjecting entire asiatic continent unemployment driving millions germans look communism logical theoretical counterpart actual economic situation heart german problem result foreign conditions internal aberration internal division internal collapse affairs cured economic expedients embodied emergency decrees fundamental solution realization flourishing economic flourishing powerful protection economic economic stands determined political nation absolutely ready strike strike hard hitler true foreign policy treaty versailles consequence slow confusion aberration mind appealing national unity sacrifice fifty cent ready fight national colours fifty cent hoisted flag stands found bounds germany master internal division weltanschauungen measures legislature stop decline german nation true recognizing fact nazi movement set create outlook re unite re german
nazi propaganda later built legend represented hitler coming power upsurge national revival truth prosaic despite mass support won hitler office result irresistible revolutionary national movement sweeping power popular victory polls part shoddy political deal gang attacking months past hitler seize power jobbed office backstairs intrigue german wanted regain position germany ruling class destroy hated republic restore monarchy put working classes places rebuild military power germany reverse decision restore germany germany dominant position europe blinded interest prejudice forsook true conservatism abandoned traditions gross mistake regarding hitler enable achieve ends policy put effect nazi coalition based belief hitler nazis brought government held check tamed sight terms hitler agreed appeared confirm belief presidential chancellor hindenburg persuaded accept bohemian corporal grounds hitler able provide parliamentary majority sooner cabinet formed hitler started negotiations bring centre party coalition negotiations lead agreement hitler insisted opposition elections held order provide parliamentary basis coalition form electoral majority
roehm hess cabinet attention paid needs grievances fighters members party suffered sickness injury political struggle national movement receive pensions payments roehm silenced sops february proposed cabinet plan basis expansion army single minister appointed charge armed forces obvious candidate post roehm army high command presented unanimous opposition proposal appealed president guardian army traditions put stop roehm attempted interference hitler declined roehm side dispute temporarily checked roehm pressure army relations general von blomberg minister defence grew strained days later situation transformed hitler von blomberg secretly informed president hindenburg expected live longer matter months weeks question succession settled independent position president existed alongside president commander chief armed forces oath allegiance president hitler power absolute determined hindenburg died succeed president position adolf hitler rival armed forces oath allegiance
resentment marked hitler attitude suggest vienna munich days sprang compelling urge revenge comfortable bourgeois slighted hatred touchiness vanity characteristics spent company constantly remark hatred intoxicated hitler speeches diatribes hate jews marxists czechs poles french striking constant need praise vanity inappeasable fulsome flattery received due atmosphere adulation lived deadened critical faculties banal platitudes grotesque errors taste judgment uttered fuehrer accepted words inspired genius credit roehm gregor strasser known hitler totally unimpressed byzantine attitude fuehrer doubt reasons murdered hundred hitler chancellor hegel famous course lectures university berlin pointed role historical individuals agents spirit plan providence carried called heroes derived purposes vocation calm regular course things sanctioned existing order concealed fount spirit hidden beneath surface impinges outer shell bursts pieces alexander caesar napoleon
hitler sprung decision reoccupy rhineland army high command notice occasion blomberg army fritsch protested hitler risks running hitler forget opposition especially events justified judgment hitler found difficult stiff buttoned hierarchy army generals grievances knew discussed circle round fuehrer representative army friendly terms hitler von blomberg minister war regarded hitler influence scornful nicknames rubber lion hitler youth quex highly enthusiastic nazi film army lost independent position master germany foreign internal politics generals agreement disliked pact poland inclined seeckt tradition friendly russia china alliance japan scorn italy arrest pastor niemoeller july roused considerable opposition officer corps reinforced dislike ideas began penetrate army inevitable result conscription leader himmler chief lieutenant heydrich expelled naval officer corps scandalous conduct entertained ambition humbling proud officer corps treated officers icy contempt key relationship army nazi regime hitler attitude
hitler delighted italy pleased fact protocol required head stay king formality reception palace left permanent dislike italian royal house dictators met september axis subjected considerable strain anschluss forgotten italy anxiety south tyrol revived anglo italian agreement april noted enthusiasm berlin ribbentrop produced draft german italian treaty alliance mussolini ciano evasive display friendship ciano replied formal treaty superfluous hitler references italy generous vein left succeeded restoring coridality regimes probable hitler informed mussolini general terms intention deal czechs mussolini disliked czechs objections end summer show considerable alarm result hitler demands germany hitler found preparations czechoslovakia making progress hoped end april french prime minister foreign minister conferred chamberlain lord halifax london fruits conference joint demarche prague urging czechs utmost concessions sudeten germans content lord halifax instructed british ambassador berlin tell ribbentrop britain pressing czechs reach settlement henlein ask german operation ribbentrop replied british french action warmly welcomed fuehrer delighted chief opponents
terms separation agreement gilda blank retained possession car door buick sedan daniel purchased chevrolet corvette powerful machine racy design buying sports car arrested speeding paid fine case similar violation result suspension license standing car strip canvas jacket wool sweater cotton shirt admired car clean feminine lines toweled bare skull face neck shoulders arms upper torso evening air astringent alcohol sense healthy hard climb sculpted simple food left exhilaration start beginning daniel blank tall slightly feet slender high school college competed swimming track high hurdles tennis individual sports required teamwork physical activities body firm sheath muscle shoulders pectorals thighs developed hands feet narrow fingernails toenails shaped buffed shortly separation physical inventory inspecting naked body minutely full length mirror inside bathroom door saw deterioration begun flesh beneath jaw started sag shoulders slumped lower abdomen protruded soft tone begun strict regimen diet exercise methodical bought books nutrition systems physical training read carefully making notes devised program appealed felt show improvement physical appearance
mutter machine soft start stop whir tape reels sounds heard blank pushed pair swinging glass doors prohibition unnecessary noise rigidly enforced glaring open room silent dustproof temperature humidity rigidly controlled monitored automatic alarm triggered unusual source magnetic radiation fire unthinkable smoking prohibited mere possession matches cigarette lighters grounds instant dismissal walls unpainted stainless steel lamps fluorescent computer room unadorned vault operating theatre floating rubber mountings supporting body building percent sheer nonsense humbuggery atomic research facility laboratory dealing deadly viruses business activities amrok ii demand absurd precautions sterile caps gowns air lock prohibition normal conversation daniel blank decreed deliberately installed operating realized functioning amrok ii awesome mystery employees including blank superiors vice presidents president board directors blank intended activities computer room enigma insure importance firm task easier annual budget rolled requested consistently rising amounts department operating expenses blank immediately stainless steel table young deep whispered conversation task force technicians morning shift
captain delaney eye negro necktie looped knotted woman wen thin continual blinking small things significant things saw remembered habits tastes dressed moved grimaced walked spoke lighted cigarette spat gutter important captain delaney cop interested thought masturbate pick nose listen recordings gilbert sullivan shuffle pornographic photos chess problems read nietzsche case delaney remembered detective chelsea precinct happened young girls raped murdered period months roofs tenements police thought carefully charted daily movements brought questioning established close surveillance detective delaney watched suspect binoculars apartment courtyard delaney saw known church thought unobserved night knees prayed reproduction face jesus christ monstrous prints eyes open close wink depending angle view took suspect delaney urging brought priest talk hour complete confession thought unobserved spastic twitch uncontrollable tic captain delaney eye
inspector johnson turned delaney regarded curiously think report edward numbers shock inspector edward called ben don think insolence insubordination ben numbers shock analysis brilliant agree conclusion agree suppose percent felony arrests eventually produce convictions argue beat fewer arrests arrests stand court disregarding deterrent effect mass arrests evidence stand suspect convicted goes booking jail raise bail expense lawyer court maybe think strays maybe maybe johnson rumbled aware deterrent angle wrote report matter fact agree recommending arrests stood court recommended dragnet operations prostitutes drifters homosexuals gamblers happened radical department leaked report press civil liberties group necks fascist pigs mean tailored convictions sake public relations johnson agreed blandly public relations important department precinct commissioner office extension mayor
young woman walking central park madison avenues pushing baby carriage suddenly wooden rod inches projecting breast slumped knees falling forward fast scramble passerby prevented baby carriage bouncing avenue traffic delaney detective lieutenant working homicide east called arrived scene shortly woman died joined circle patrolmen ambulance attendants staring incredulously woman wooden spike driven heart modern vampire hour missile identified quarrel crossbow delaney arms armor department metropolitan museum art seeking learn crossbows operation range velocity bolts met christopher langley information supplied assistant curator delaney able solve case satisfaction prosecuted boy responsible shot bolt stranger townhouse window street son wealthy family country school switzerland returned united states district attorney feel delaney circumstantial evidence sufficiently strong warrant extradition proceedings case carried open delaney forgotten christopher langley enthusiastic cooperation added detective expert file delaney frequently recalled special memory skinny langley showing museum gallery deserted grinning guard evidently knew expect
saturday noon imagined leisurely lunch shopping visit mortons erotica crowded entertaining saturday afternoon movie dinner things decided rigidly programmed boy languished tufted couch beauty dan cried holding hand blank cross room touch languid palm sat winged armchair regarded youth believed amused irony roses cost twenty dollars celia tony looking fingernails wanted apologies valenter valenter pooh drink suddenly valenter leaning forward slightly waist thank blank early tony vodka martini rocks twist lemon daniel considered moment smiled son waiter asked laughed son blank looked tony son french restaurant bad didn care tony ordered oysters frogs legs salad doused cheese dressing blank small steak endives oil vinegar smiled tony reached forward touch hand thank humbly daniel glasses thick burgundy tony called shirley temple boy knee didn object wanting follow plot denouement
started call book dealer informing captain delaney located volumes original honey bunch series captain delighted arranged books mailed invoice took unexpected find omen policemen superstitious tell luck knowing wasn exactly true fortune unexpectedly unasked important thing recognize luck wore thousand disguises including calamity sat study desk reviewed list things prepared read interrogate monica gilbert calvin case re ice ax ferguson re autopsy call langley honey bunch drew line final item draw line reason understand left open searched finally found slip paper thomas handry bearing address telephone number calvin case realized drawn investigation resolved set kind card file simple directory list names addresses phone numbers involved considered handle calvin case interview decided phoning unexpected personal visit surprise catch guard opportunity plan reaction walked lexington avenue shoulders hunched raw cold took irt downtown
greeted mary accepted orange juice poached egg unbuttered toast black coffee chatted weather mrs delaney condition approved mary plan strip furniture barbara sewing room chintz slipcovers send dry cleaner later study wrote pencilled rough letter condolence mrs gilbert wanted admitting stilted getting copied ink addressed stamped envelope put intending mail left house called medical examiner office ferguson wasn expected momentarily delaney waited patiently fifteen minutes making circular doodles scratch pad thin line narrowing spiral called put ferguson doctor dead heard yes lump big problem edward cut em lunch finally decided eleven eleven thirty start edward tied things give fifteen minutes eleven clock important think tell phone show give edward fifteen minutes eleven thank doctor kitchen
grew silent loveless white tiled house child sun turn turned contemplative secretive thought felt concerned wants fears hates hopes despairs strangely young boy aware intense egoism wondered centered didn boys age jolly going friends quickly easily tease girls laugh persons presented parents whirling orbit outward orderly organized boy student collected rocks stowed compartmented trays specimen neatly labeled blank daniel boy earliest boyhood infancy dreamed sleep night wild disjointed dreams meaning silly things happenings mixed costumes crazy faces parents kids school historical literary characters churn age later began lose daytime fantasies turbulent incredible nighttime dreams daydreaming effect outward image presented homework efficiently answer class label stones collected kiss parents cold cheeks dutifully million miles inside dreaming gradually aware daytime fantasies merged nighttime dreams developed exactly say
early afternoon october tuesday stanley mott american civilian twenty displayed sense frantic urgency watched radar screen tracking station thirteen miles south london coming english sergeant cried trying vainly excitement voice screen mott watched sinister signal showed supersonic unmanned monster bomb coming london undetermined spot holland radar displayed silent speed thousand miles hour heard station moments passed sonic booms thunder air reassuring listeners bomb passed hear sergeant explained mott fragile moments final silence room listened intently tremendous sound rocket bomb struck sensitive devices pointed london bomb fallen listeners turned antenna directions soon ashen faced young oxford university announced heart london believe east trafalgar square hurry mott snapped minutes oxford driver speeding london set red cards showing windshield allowing pass roadblocks salute policemen barred thoroughfares bomb squad oxford called car sped past exactly true mott qualified defuse unexploded bombs real squad collected data damage inflicted terrible bombs hitler throwing london boasted act final revenge
precise moment lieutenant commander grant preparing throw de oncoming japanese fleet football players hometown clay northern part fremont preparing half game arch rival benton high school bigger city served capital war game played night travel limited expected large crowd especially game taking place tuesday playing field local university rotc drill entertainment sporting events cut minimum townspeople flocked watch hometown team benton large clay sports fans assumed win word circulated clay wizard halfback norman grant young halfback store lamented danged shame playing regular season teams kansas john pope show stuff called johnny earliest days cultivated mien knew intended important duties seventeen autumn tall heavy handsomely constructed american games played basketball lack height minor handicap whistle blew speed body control deftness premier player
kolff saw funkhauser step black sedan realized trouble returned times past encountered colonel finding insecure petty dictator subservient superiors present arrogant murderous nazi acting deep principle merely functionaries carried orders kolff met funkhauser mid colonel swept peenemunde headquarters berlin hundred ten miles south arrest von braun general breutzl kolff whisking hitler knowledge secret ss prison camp stettin grilled days building charges disloyalty lead execution charges threefold guilty disloyal thoughts peenemunde base military revenge english future space travel secret plans escape england think free rockets fuehrer supervision accusations proved strongly suspected warrant death colonel funkhauser supporting evidence ingenious illustrated paranoia himmler relentlessly introducing german spies inserted peenemunde force heard von braun wonder loud bars bring england knees despite fact fuehrer publicly stated kolff heard predicting monthly quota hundred rockets met solve problem explode re
dark days senatorial campaign fremont naval hero norman grant discovering mere amateur going defeat practiced ulysses gantling aware pretty freshman girl university working volunteer headquarters savagely determined senator defeated stuffing envelopes obvious fury asked frown replied hate double crosser asked snapped gantling allow speak grant disarming smile snapped grant sat agitated girl ask senator gantling kindly political enemy possibly pretty college freshman girl explained didn john pope mealy mouth pope gantling pretended spit corner grant looking carefully flushed girl shrewd guess hope marry john pope chance grant smiled reassured girl drew bright eyes flashing don john pope re ready united states senator grant laughed losing primary sense humor word heard young setting kinds football records john pope war
arsenal things going smoothly german scientists prisoners army restricted rockets army developing potential military corporal sergeant redstone free participate exciting competing navy scientific viking research rockets newly air force developing missiles matador specifications dieter america prodigal waste talent headstrong allowing conflict agencies lagging pursuit russians don country told wife worked home monte sano neater put von braun charge rockets months america won war didn liesl asked mystery dieter continuously grateful asylum america provided unlike peenemunde considered returning germany especially gratified easy manner magnus fitting american patterns proud boy fine marks school wernher von braun monte sano supper scientist took magnus knee interrogated mathematics geography kolffs proud son acquitted boy bed von braun confided fears large placid face betraying real doubts army program inextricably enmeshed american generals german generals
word meanings pronounced differently ab grammar engineering mott paid attention heat engineer demonstrated achieved ablative material block reasonably material inches thick blowtorch going produce extreme heat face material white hot evaporate leave residue air fan blow hold thin block left hand feel heat exactly blowtorch hissed throbbing flame directly block material behaved engineer predicted charred burst flame discolored material blew lay underneath discolored tremendous heat penetrate block carried material ablated completed demonstration engineer asked mott hold block point maximum heat stanley feel effective ablation material mott asked hope engineer material char completely convinced construct material specifications won perfect job months mott worked department defense reentry team experts private business bizarre task creating material fill precise need space program exploration problem analysis companies provide apparent contract constructing material specifications awarded allied aviation begun investigating problem
significant glancey grant thought penny girl relied major decisions word girl immediately corrected boy re grown united states senator grown woman administrative director important committee penny convened rocket experts cautiously decided able launch american rocket week january strong likelihood success circulated memorandum establishing january target date november russia lofted orbit sputnik ii larger passenger dog laika panic preparing america response insisted launching rushed forward december end november received lively support charge vanguard assured rocket ready compromise date december announced penny warned senators don surprised flops re ready entire senate committee accompanied executive secretary flew cape canaveral florida auspicious entry united states space age watched miles navy thin frail vanguard stood poised edge atlantic ocean ignited roar rose upward collapsed wild fiery explosion radio soaring space lay ground uttering feeble beep beep beep watched listened dismay shameful disaster committee members wailed spoke senators reflected attitude
morning saw california worst terrified young chris store appalling malls hoping find bargains loose fitting slacks shirts boys age preferred pleased selection stores offered bought items chris sandwich shop lunch opportunity inspect workmanship shirts dismayed shoddy goods purchased stuffed shirts package gaze wandered booth waited fresh salad ordered savory western sandwich chris wanted saw untidy table panorama california mother curlers hair tight sleazy blouse ample bosom whispering daughter looked ten pretty child hair high style manicured fingernails flashing bright red polish child face mascara rouge fine powder create delicate balance appearance suitable college girl twenty dress expensive marked simplicity couturier inappropriate displayed child god rachel muttered child wearing bra correct fill expensive dress properly girl bra young miss special padded cups conservative mother boston effect pleasing girl ten leapfrogged half dozen heartbreaker seventeen
admiral crane arranged pope relieved duty aboard tulagi flown york selected group navy civilian types briefed navy applicants promise conducted applying important assignments psychologist stationed annapolis identified body signals hard driver god forbid born loser lean forward knees waist look prepared step major task belt nose cock head indecision unusually dark beard shave powder real soap fifty signs check seeking prime movers young navy listened remembered longest highly structured advice annapolis left navy head large corporation substance committee looking wear socks reach knee worse executive showing ten inches bare leg assistants pair brown socks brown shoes wear neatly polished black shoes god sake ask dinner sure remember things drum nervously fork spoon pick eat put drinks ordered don ask wine drink whiskey rum exotics gin martinis
sitting admiring sea loath give demonstrating rolling eastward eastward eastward eternal east wind trade wind disturbed sea surface dug rolled forward eastern horizon islands unbroken advance sea finally shattered cliffs reefs east wind simply rose coast woods mountains continued westward unhindered island island sunset ocean swells lofty clouds rolled eastern horizon morning natives reached islands knew present islanders range ocean birds eastward daily fishing trips able return eastern wind night belly full wings tired trees flowers wholly dependent rain produced eastern winds vegetation grew knew sat eastern horizon clouds lay open coast south america miles open sea gazed driving clouds heaving moonlit sea listened squatted half naked stared dying glow smoldering fire tiki quietly god chief tiki brought ancestors islands live lived big country sea
begun fire south sea island native sat telling legends stories tribe later sat dark office upper floors big museum york round arranged glass cases lay pottery fragments past traces leading mists antiquity walls lined books written ten read read books written sat worktable white haired humored sure trodden toes gripped arms chair uneasily looked interrupted game solitaire imagine santa claus looked dared affirm christmas midsummer re wrong absolutely wrong shook head indignantly drive idea haven read arguments urged nodding hopefully manuscript lay table arguments repeated treat ethnographic problems sort detective mystery based conclusions observations facts science recorded task science investigation pure simple quietly try prove pushed unopened manuscript carefully side leaned table true south america home curious civilizations antiquity vanished incas power
discussion ended surprising offer colonel haskin active members club expeditions select liked inventions demonstrated sole condition let laboratory thought things leave clubrooms evening minute detail brand equipment suddenly tumbled hands disposal asking exactly wanted equipment try save lives contrary expectation wooden raft show signs breaking rafts equipment occupying thoughts breakfast table sailors home morning dressed young athletic build breakfast tray sat table began chat appeared seaman university trained engineer trondheim america buy machinery parts obtain experience refrigerating technique living meals sailors home norwegian cooking asked gave short account plans definite answer manuscript end week starting raft expedition table companion say listened interest islands
cut moorings caught whirling masses water downstream pace glimpse drizzle rounded headland excellent friends standing end point front bungalow waving crept shelter green banana leaves left steering problems brown experts stationed bow astern holding huge oar raft swiftest current nonchalant ease danced downstream winding course sunken trees sandbanks jungle stood solid wall banks sides parrots bright colored birds fluttered dense foliage passed alligator hurled river invisible muddy water soon caught sight remarkble monster iguana giant lizard big crocodile large throat fringed lay dozing clay bank overslept prehistoric times move glided past oarsmen signs shoot soon afterward saw smaller specimen feet running thick branch hung raft ran till safety sat shining blue green stared cold snake eyes passed later passed fern clad hillock top lay biggest iguana
big logs timber carry sea pointed forward ends native fashion glide easily water low splashboards fastened bow surface water places large chinks logs pushed solid fir planks stood edges water raft scattered system feet water inch thick feet wide place wedges ropes served tiny parallel keels centerboards centerboards kind balsa rafts inca times discoveries meant prevent flat wooden rafts drifting sideways wind sea rail protection round raft slim balsa log afforded foothold side construction faithful copy vessels peru ecuador low splashboards bow later proved entirely unnecessary finishing raft course arrange details board liked effect movement quality vessel knew raft lay smallest detail board increase dimensions importance weeks passed gave deck variation bamboo strips deck raft formed floor forward bamboo cabin starboard side wall open
look parrot minute herman ashore glass beer tug won hours disappeared swarm quay began point wave round point full speed tug guardian rios dropped anchor farther side waving forest masts blocked tiki large motorboat tow sailing craft packed full seamen officers movie photographers orders rang cameras clicked stout towrope fast raft bow un momento shouted despair sat parrot early wait los expedicionarios explained pointed city understood officers smiled politely knot bow fast exemplary manner cast rope flung overboard manner signs gesticulations parrot utilized opportunity afforded confusion stick beak cage turn knob door turned round strutting cheerfully bamboo deck tried catch shrieked rudely spanish fluttered banana clusters eye sailors trying cast rope bow started wild chase parrot fled shrieking bamboo cabin corner caught leg tried flutter
ordinary board tiki began night watch shaking cook crawled sleepily dewy deck morning sun began gather flying fish eating fish raw according polynesian peruvian recipes fried small primus stove bottom box stood lashed fast deck cabin door box kitchen shelter southeast trade wind regularly blew quarter wind sea juggled primus flame set fire wooden box cook fallen asleep box mass flames spread wall bamboo cabin fire wall quickly put smoke poured hut water board tiki smell fried fish seldom managed wake snorers inside bamboo cabin cook stick fork sing breakfast ready tune bear listen longer sharks fins alongside raft began quick plunge pacific breakfast open air edge raft food board reproach cuisine divided experimental menus dedicated quartermaster twentieth century tiki century torstein bengt subjects experiment restricted diet slim packages special provisions squeezed hole logs bamboo deck
ants began upper hand board small black ants logs sea damp began penetrate wood ants swarmed sleeping bags place bit tormented till thought drive raft gradually wetter sea realized element isolated specimens held till reached side raft crabs barnacles inch inch half grew hundreds especially lee side raft fast put soup kettle larvae took root grew barnacles tasted fresh delicate picked seaweed salad eatable actually saw dolphins feeding vegetable garden constantly turning gleaming bellies upward swimming logs dolphin dorado brilliantly colored tropical fish confused creature called dolphin small toothed whale dolphin ordinarily feet inches feet inches flattened sides enormously high head neck jerked board feet inches head thirteen half inches high dolphin magnificent color water shone blue green bluebottle glitter golden yellow fins
retinue pilot fish certainly childhood inch inches whale shark rushed lightning speed erik harpoon entered skull pilot fish strayed victor feet succession victories tiki soon forty fifty pilot fish liked quiet forward movement daily scraps thousands miles sea occasionally faithless steering oar suddenly noticed sea boiling southward saw immense shoal dolphins shooting sea silver torpedoes usual splashing comfortably flat sides rushing frantic speed air water blue swell whipped white foam single turmoil splashing fugitives black dashing zigzag course speedboat desperate dolphins shooting surface raft dived hundred crowded tightly packed shoal swung eastward sea astern glittering mass colors gleaming half rose surface dived graceful curve raft shot astern shoal dolphins devilish big fellow blue shark nearly twenty feet disappeared number pilot fish
clock morning april clear sky cape canaveral florida half million crowded kennedy space center watch spectacular event launching space shuttle columbia columbia put orbit earth humans walked moon preparation hard preceded space flight add excitement astronauts board robert crippen john young countdown begun hours earlier inside launch control center army engineers technicians mechanics worked furious pace final preparations blast seconds remained columbia vaulted space atop powerful rocket engines ignited seconds crowd suddenly broke cheers blue orange flames crackled thundered launchpad setting chain vibrations shook earth miles kilometers directions straining break free hold arms clamped launchpad columbia quivered trembled giant paint shaker clearing launch tower shot straight miles kilometers hour ground wide eyed spectators watched awe shuttle roared space leaving white tail fiery exhaust inside spacecraft crippen young strapped securely seats looking earth degree windshield cockpit crippen exclaimed pretty unbelievable space flight
minute space vehicle lifts launch pad begins climb space passengers board experience kinds strange unfamiliar sensations imagine trip space shuttle seconds lift feel flattened seat feel heavy rapid acceleration craft force seat similar happens jet plane approached escape velocity weight actually triple weighed pounds kilograms left earth weight pounds kilograms passing thickest part earth atmosphere miles kilometers earth surface lighter oddly sensation motion inside spacecraft traveling miles kilometers hour passing spacecraft tell moving climbed miles earth surface completely weightless remember gravity things weight experiencing called gravity humans accustomed earth gravity natural weightless astronauts special training prepares function weightless environment gravity conditions floats including unstrapped seat soon find bouncing ceiling stay put hold strapped
astronomers space tools eyes minds imaginations early wonderful happened eyeglass maker holland invented optical telescope astronomers tool let closer look sun moon nearby planets earliest telescopes refracting telescopes worked curved piece glass called objective lens end tube formed picture faraway object passed picture tube piece glass called eyepiece lens magnified bring object focus objective lens bent light rays object point lens human eye works collects light object bends focus form image problem refracting telescopes image distorted edges blue red colors appeared caused colors english scientist isaac newton discovered objective lens refracting telescope acts prism light passes prism makes band colors called spectrum solve distortion problem newton built kind telescope called reflecting telescope glass lens curved mirror light gatherer mirror formed image bouncing light object flat plane mirror image moved tube telescope magnifying eyepiece lens located side telescope modern astronomers types reflecting refracting telescopes
happens history scientific hypothesis series compromises bound attempted older recent modes thought obvious fully understand evolution evolutionary principle examine preceding intellectual climate arose streams thought pursuing separate channels eventually merged mind charles darwin intricate autonomous existence fully revealed mere recital dates names hope pages follow recapture fossil documents glimpses living shape thought flows mutates transforms age age task fascination comes pursue related forms animals downward lenghtening vistas past degree inevitable share paleontologist vexation lost documents disconnected phylogenies reason attempted treat speculative evolutionary philosophy early greek writers pursue distantly related alchemical thinking arabs known matters adequately treated works authors book concerned centuries intimated afford major clues nature development evolutionary philosophy treatment subject purport history biology general directed main theme chapters concerned problems arose field human evolution
linnaeus shares comte de buffon consider chapter distinction phenomenon achievement demands energies unusual ability reality dependent psychological attitudes period genius receive extraordinary support operation intellectual circles linnaeus wrote flourished educated public fascinated word delight sheer naming natural voyagers oriented classified suddenly clearly apparent reason public wanted participate process wanted send packets seeds hero carl linnaeus wanted hear pronounce rolling latin lucky find attached inspiration young peter kalm american correspondents wrote linnaeus undergone difficulties travelling part vast forest risked dangers person savage inhabitants zeal sufficiently applauded enthusiast writing island madeira complains rare plants grow high cliffs sea horrible deep chasms ships fail port precious plants wither months endless voyaging dangers dr john mitchel reports linnaeus returned virginia closely occupied collecting plants plundered voyage home spanish pirates misfortune botany london quaker merchant peter collinson confided prophetically master fond branches natural history sell books england
science began grope understanding surface features planet handicapped erroneous preconceptions arisen past intellectual climates atheistic free thinkers found explain shells mountaintops demanded higher seas water movable mountains consequence theories earth geological speculations called problem telliamed exception published posthumously amsterdam book actually composition flavor product early eighteenth century intricate dance planets forms major part de attempt explain shrinking water content earth based descartes theory vortices idea wide popularity france close seventeenth century de fully cognizant incorruptible celestial heavens disappeared telescopes astronomers stars shift positions fade flare comets disappear globe system fine order admire subject cosmic change observed heavens de extended earth believed earth totally covered water slowly receding planet history sea carefully differentiates localized phenomenon mosaic flood slow recession seas laid bare land promoted emergence waters working theory de fully recognized advantages examining geological exposures natural artificial character commercial excavations
restorative force hutton visualized examination solidified strata careful distinction sedimentary igneous rock drew internal heat earth observed tilted distorted strata implied uplift wrinklings earth crust manner suggesting power principle subterraneous heat active volcanoes confirmed view force thing past continued active agent creation lands mountain ranges depths sea materials brought continents solidified subterranean forces stone upthrust endure forces erosion earth body animal wasted repaired hutton perception minute processes decay keen eye vast movements continental upheaval preternaturally acute sense foretell running stream final doom continent saw view wastage foretold worlds top mountain shore sea change rock solid strata slowly dissolving breaking decomposing purpose soil soil traveling surface earth shore shore wearing wasting agitation sea agitation essential purposes living operations wear waste coast wind rain operations wear waste solid land surface earth sterile
order perform feats identification restoration cuvier proceeded principle today labeled oragnismic holistic regarded organs fact anatomical structures intimately related entire creature part fitted perform function modification related parts footprint tell deal structure animal possess trace feather infer things bird simply known correlations structure birds cuvier procure astonishing results smallest fragment bone apparently insignificant possesses fixed character relative class order genus species animal belonged find merely extremity preserved bone able careful examination assisted analogy exact comparison determine species belonged certainly entire animal assiduously cuvier pursue studies bones living extinct animals able incite wonder feats identification give fossil bearing slab secured lake constance johann scheuchzer skeleton lived flood specimen exhibited haarlem attracted interest supposed religious background cuvier examined bones revealed creature gigantic extinct salamander clearly passed obscure bone ascribed human giant set saintly relic
lyell darwin drew known argument imperfection geological record lyell late writing descent darwin recourse attempt explain comparatively weak primate survived cultural development match formidable carnivores primitive lyell statement philosopher pleased indulge conjectures subject birthplace humanity assign original seat large islands tropics free wild beasts van land australia remained period peculiar single isle large anthropomorphous species limited island tropics situation born race lived security helpless holland savages found abundance vegetable food similar expression save added element natural selection found closing paragraph chapter ii descent darwin attacked critically duke argyll interesting period mature scholarship darwin sought friend speculations found tight spot evidences lyell influence darwin multiplied general bearing plain lyell extensively buffon possessed basic information arrived darwin hypothesis granted emotional aversion family connection lamarck orang relationship jokingly referred lyell cool objective reasoner informed biologically geologically
separate channels charles darwin familiarized general idea evolution youth autobiography wrote urging children declining explicit points channel documented extensively discussed darwin scarcely source information channel lies poetry prose grandfather erasmus darwin achieved sufficient renown ideas erasmus discussed family circles schoolboy boasted fondness shakespeare surely tried wares poet confines family fact darwin tells read grandfather prose zoonomia maintains effect interest darwin trial essay road origin entitled zoonomia unconsciously revelatory statements darwin capable tells disclaiming zoonomia affected admired greatly zoonomia need point raise question youth believed possibly sufficient establish fact ideas likely assimilated early familiar ring theory evolution lost shocking heretical implications uninitiated darwin point confesses albeit reluctantly probable hearing early views maintained praised favored upholding form origin species
rounding horn beagle sailed leisurely course northward west coast south america captain fitzroy pursued mapping observational activiites beagle admiralty office darwin continued geological zoological observations visited offshore islands short high journeys andes collecting shells valley copiapo commented amusing hear discussions concerning nature fossil shells born nature carried terms century europe noted andean cordillera constitutes natural barrier differences flora fauna opposite sides range expected journal published willing hint obscurely footnote considered superinduced circumstances regions length provided assume immutability species september beagle reached galapagos archipelago miles coast south america directly equator burnt volcanic chimneys parched blackened iron foundry profound impression darwin sequence travels arrival timed impress mind series facts geological biological formulation theories times later darwin letters correspondents autobiography emphasize importance facts brought attention islands obscure archipelago
popular attitude expressed passage paley natural theology book partially derivative works ray influential early part century paley says feel situation insecure nature portion nature descry find attention bestowed minutest parts hinges wings earwig joints antennae highly wrought creator finish signs diminution care multiplicity objects distraction thought variety reason fear forgotten overlooked neglected italics call attention study natural history sustain christian faith comfort bereaved general conception god kind master workman personally supervised creation tiniest organisms living earlier centuries church largely based system theology inspired word scriptures half seventeenth century cultivation science led intensive examination natural feeling religious insight obtained form observation god works things led poliferation works natural theology telescope microscope widened comprehension imagination tiniest infusoria equally vast reaches sidereal space gave awe inspiring glimpses wonders proclaimed powerful evidence god design
felt crisis laws useless learned avail unknown quantity saw obliged experiment early youth accumulate information resolved remain close guard qualities knew everlastingly disgrace lord repeated dismay tall soldier slid dexterously hole loud private wrangling tall soldier entered waved hand expressively believe jest sit wait quiet pretty soon find comrade grunted stubbornly moment searching formidable reply finally don didn say knew retorted sharply began stow articles snugly knapsack youth pausing nervous walk looked busy figure going battle sure jim asked course replied tall soldier course jest wait till tomorrow biggest battles jest wait thunder youth fighting boy regular fighting added tall soldier air exhibit battle benefit friends huh loud corner
night columns changed purple streaks filed pontoon bridges glaring fire wine tinted waters river rays shining moving masses troops brought sudden gleams silver gold shore dark mysterious range hills curved sky insect voices night sang solemnly crossing youth assured moment suddenly fearfully assaulted caves lowering woods eyes watchfully darkness regiment unmolested camping place soldiers slept brave sleep wearied morning routed early energy hustled narrow road led deep forest rapid march regiment lost marks command begun count miles fingers grew tired sore feet damned short rations loud soldier perspiration grumblings began shed knapsacks tossed unconcernedly hid carefully asserting plans return convenient extricated thick shirts presently carried clothing blankets haversacks canteens arms ammunition eat shoot tall soldier youth want sudden change ponderous infantry theory light speedy infantry practice regiment relieved burden received impetus loss valuable knapsacks shirts
philosophical tall soldier measured sandwich cracker pork swallowed nonchalant manner suppose reconnoitering country jest em getting close develop em huh cried loud soldier cried youth fidgeting tramping round country jest tiring loud soldier tell sense runnin army shut roared tall private fool damn cuss coat pants months talk wanta fighting anyway interrupted didn walk ave walked home round round barn jest wanted walk tall red faced swallowed sandwich taking poison despair gradually chewed face quiet contented rage fierce argument presence sandwiches meals wore air blissful contemplation food swallowed spirit communing viands accepted environment circumstance coolness eating haversack opportunity march stride hunter objecting gait distance raised voice ordered protective piles earth stone engineering feat worthy sacred grandmother
enormous amount writing america century settlement adventurers settlers wrote descriptions country captain john smith virginia famous scores chroniclers wrote picturesquely explorations discoveries indian wars captivities personal journals experiences created instruments government law recorded history colonies political economic purposes england especially justify ways god jerusalem large number works printed england continent merely timely future historians frequency amazing view physical conditions appeared writer person communicated richness spirit character writings tarnished colonial literature reservoir material inspiration nineteenth century readers today understanding bedrock american experiences developed national character peculiarly american institutions colonies derived language political institutions britain increasingly indebted british variety european cultures french germans swedes dutch jews germany portugal appeared middle colonies especially eighteenth century merely wake european continentals eric red leif ericsson british spaniards half century voyage columbus rimmed gulf mexico pushed westward pacific
recovery exercise remained considerable degrees giving youthful vanities gained strength getting wanton young lost ground lord gracious spoke peace distress ungratefully turned folly account times felt sharp reproof hardy commit things scandalous exceed vanity promote mirth chief study retained love pious company brought awe dear parents times admonished fear lord admonition entered heart effect season getting deep pray rightly tempter found entrance remember spent part bed night lay window bed bible opened cast eye text lie shame confusion covers knew case meeting unexpected reproof affected bed remorse conscience soon cast harmony sound voice divine love utterance appearance order temper conduct passions regulated fully shew felt white stone known rightly
quitting class turn warm ardor friend nobly stood determined stand matter call help lay shoulders wheel force object stake let told future depth winter hope virtue survive city country alarmed common danger meet repulse say thousands turn tens thousands throw burden providence show faith works god bless matters live rank hold evil blessing reach home counties rich poor suffer rejoice alike heart feels dead blood children curse cowardice shrinks saved happy love smile trouble gather strength distress grow brave reflection tis business minds shrink heart firm conscience approves conduct pursue principles death line reasoning straight clear ray light treasures believe induced support offensive war think murder thief breaks house burns destroys property kills threatens kill bind cases whatsoever absolute suffer
point incomprehensible anomalies science mind thrillingly exciting fact believe noticed schools endeavors recall memory forgotten find verge remembrance able end remember frequently intense scrutiny eyes felt approaching full knowledge expression felt approaching mine length entirely depart strange strangest mystery found commonest objects universe circle analogies expression mean say subsequently period beauty passed spirit dwelling shrine derived existences material sentiment felt aroused large luminous orbs define sentiment analyze steadily view recognized let repeat survey rapidly growing vine contemplation moth butterfly chrysalis stream running water felt ocean falling meteor felt glances unusually aged stars heaven especially star sixth magnitude double changeable found large star lyra telescopic scrutiny aware feeling filled sounds stringed instruments unfrequently passages books
feeling overpowering stinging melancholy seized experienced aught unpleasing sadness bond common humanity drew irresistibly gloom fraternal melancholy bartleby sons adam remembered bright silks sparkling faces seen gala trim swan sailing mississippi broadway contrasted pallid copyist thought ah happiness courts light deem gay misery hides aloof deem misery sad fancyings chimeras doubtless sick silly brain led special thoughts concerning eccentricities bartleby presentiments strange discoveries hovered round scrivener pale form appeared laid uncaring strangers shivering winding sheet suddenly attracted bartleby closed desk key open sight left lock mean mischief seek gratification heartless curiosity thought desk mine contents bold look methodically arranged papers smoothly pigeon holes deep removing files documents groped recesses presently felt dragged bandanna handkerchief heavy knotted opened saw savings bank recalled quiet mysteries noted
distrust deny inwardly sympathy nature disown relation turns nebuchadnezzar dethroned bereft reason eating grass ox set limits remedial force spirit god ruins innocent longer pass immortal gently awake dreams insane rabid disorganizations hundreds check death infancy infancy perpetual messiah comes arms fallen pleads return paradise dwarf permeated dissolved spirit filled nature overflowing currents sprang sun moon sun woman moon laws mind periods actions externized night seasons huge shell waters retired longer fills veins veinlets shrunk drop sees structure fits fits colossally say fitted corresponds high adores timidly follower sun woman follower moon starts slumber wonders house muses strangely resemblance betwixt perceives law paramount elemental power word sterling nature conscious power inferior superior instinct orphic poet sang present applies nature half force works understanding lives masters penny wisdom works half whilst arms strong digestion mind imbruted selfish savage
esprit excessively exhausting talkers called jerky minds thoughts run natural order sequence say bright things subjects zigzags rack death jolting half hour jerky companions talking dull friend affords relief taking cat lap holding squirrel comfort dull kindly person sure times ground glass shade gas lamp bring solace dazzled eyes minds localized powers narrow streaks specialized knowledge things apt conceited nature wise encouraging principle small talents accomplishments neglected talk conceit human character salt ocean keeps sweet renders endurable say natural unguent sea fowl plumage enables shed rain falls wave dips conceit lost illusions feathers soon soak fly admire conceited young lady city finished duties afraid study logic school dear follow wish pickled brine saltwater plunge nahant
english language befriends grand american expression brawny limber full tough stock race change circumstances idea political liberty animus liberty attracted terms daintier gayer subtler elegant tongues powerful language resistance dialect common sense speech proud melancholy races aspire chosen tongue express growth faith esteem freedom justice equality friendliness amplitude prudence decision courage medium nigh express inexpressible literature style behaviour oratory social intercourse household arrangements public institutions treatment bosses employed executive detail detail army navy spirit legislation courts police tuition architecture songs amusements costumes young elude jealous passionate instinct american standards sign appears mouths throbs live interrogation freeman heart passes built remain uniform country disposals ignominious distinctions evergrowing communes brothers lovers large united proud models generous models grown fresh fields drawn sea today answers american answer individual nation serves part materials
find abruptly close quarters enemy word culture represent involves contrast theme spur urging engagement questions arise taught accepted carried processes culture rapidly creating class supercilious infidels believe lose countless masses adjustments shaped reference simply healthy brave parts reduced bordering box garden cultivate corn roses orchards cultivate mountain peaks ocean tumbling gorgeousness clouds lastly readily reply culture seeks help systematize put attitude elements fertility power conclusive reply object word certainly insist purposes states radical change category distribution precedence demand programme culture drawn single class parlors lecture rooms eye practical west workingmen facts farms jackplanes engineers broad range women middle working strata reference perfect equality women grand powerful motherhood demand programme theory scope generous include widest human area spinal meaning formation typical personality character eligible high average restricted conditions ineligible masses
affixed comprehensive title remarks necessarily wanting completeness subject full consideration carry discover pretext temerity interesting pamphlet lately published walter besant besant lecture royal institution original form pamphlet appears persons interested art fiction indifferent remarks practice attempt anxious lose benefit favorable association edge words cover attention besant sure excited encouraging put form ideas mystery storytelling proof curiosity curiosity part brotherhood novelists part readers short ago supposed english french call discutable air theory conviction consciousness expression artistic faith result choice comparison say necessarily worse courage possess intimate form dickens thackeray instance saw taint incompleteness naif help french word evidently destined suffer lost naivete idea making sure advantages
energies theater noticeably waned war ii recovered decades theater broadway today marked dreary caution resulting high production costs competition mass vehicles entertainment tennessee williams written dramas set south rich mood notably glass menagerie streetcar named desire cat hot tin roof arthur miller contributed post war stage greatest play death salesman moving study tragedy common contributed recent younger dramatists edward albee approach power williams miller considerable success early works zoo story afraid virginia woolf appears fallen america interest performed theater broadway college campuses civic theaters supported communities genuine playwrights emerged centers experimented improvisational kinds nonliterary theater recent poets represented volume robert lowell imitated american short stories glory imamu amiri baraka experimented dramatic forms contrast fiction poetry refreshed group poets grew wars poets explored common anxiety lost personal identity quest common american english mid century poets cf auden extraordinary power theodore roethke robert lowell stature standard poets past bones roethke usable past biological inheritance
english writing seldom speak tradition occasionally apply deploring absence refer tradition tradition employ adjective saying poetry traditional traditional seldom word phrase censure vaguely approbative implication approved pleasing archaeological reconstruction word agreeable english ears comfortable reference reassuring science archaeology certainly word likely appreciations living dead writers nation race creative critical turn mind oblivious shortcomings limitations critical habits creative genius think enormous mass critical writing appeared french language critical method habit french conclude unconscious french critical plume fact french spontaneous remind criticism inevitable breathing worse articulating passes minds read book feel emotion criticizing minds criticism facts light process tendency insist praise poet aspects resembles
clear skin blue eyes straight purely roman nose sat strongly suggested person rogin joan tried escape comparison couldn helped looked joan father rogin detested looked joan forty son provided son son rogin father lacking dominant traits compared joan heritage children resemble yes think forty ahead sat knee knee hurtling car fellow creatures unconscious participants sort carnival transit carry forward rogin felt bound existence forty reckoned eternity forty gazing son rogin frightened moved son son pity burst tears holy frightful masters death brought instruments worked ends thought thing unjust suffer labor toil force spikes crawl darkest caverns push worst struggle weight economy money father fourth rate flat looking ordinary clean rosy uninteresting satisfied fundamentally bourgeois face
john berryman poet dedicated bringing formal order chaos quintessentially poet twentieth century failures failures writ large successes personal triumphs individual odds environment precarious balance scant critic written berryman poetic terms wreck modern wreck personal jumped death bridge minneapolis born john smith mcalester okkahoma son school teacher banker family moved florida ten threatening swim sea son drowning father shot john window mother moved york remarried berryman taking foster father attended south kent school connecticut graduated columbia university clare college oxford return united states began teaching career published randall jarrell young american poets poems later homage mistress bradstreet developed combination formal structure fractured syntax characteristic style poems meantime taught harvard princeton university minnesota developed reputation poet fulfilled promise marital problems heavy drinking spent analysis formed chief indications personal tensions attempted resolve poems
boy named eddie talk sat backwards stool turning jerkily semicircles stopping turning asked connie eat tapped friend arm friend pulled face brave droll look connie meet eleven hate leave connie earnestly boy wouldn car connie couldn help let yer eyes wander windshields faces face gleaming joy eddie place music drew shoulders sucked breath pure pleasure alive moment happened glance face feet boy shaggy black hair convertible jalopy painted gold stared lips widened grin connie slit eyes turned couldn help glancing watching wagged finger laughed gonna baby connie turned eddie noticing spent hours restaurant ate hamburgers drank cokes wax cups sweating alley mile left eleven movie house open plaza
arguers defend elaborate qualify points raise support position arguments complex tangled certainly highly contentious part fun study argument lies sorting strands complex tangled arguments learning grips highly controversial matters text presents introduction study reasoned positions beginning study general points nature study carefully note study argument divided main areas pointed argument specific basic structure position advocated reasons support position argument identification concerned structural features argument involves making clear position arguer advancing pointing reasons arguer support position argument identification clarifies structure person says presents argument arguments pulled responded applauded defended considered relation arguments argument clear essential task argument identification part text entitled identifying arguments outlines basic structural features arguments depicted skimpy sort encountered complex varieties met progress study section book learn recognize arguments reasoned positions reasoned arguments flaws sort accepted rejected arguments subjected extensive critical scrutiny
case claim put forward supporting considerations statements called assertions claims characteristic assertion expresses point view offering supporting reasons assertions course conversations discussions talk generally arguments assertions need occur simply single statements conversations writing put foward series assertions topic instance consider discussion reproduction place re familiar process occur woman uterus result individual decisions women occur specially designed labs result governmental decisions women achieved true equality able babies selection simply expresses view concerning manner reproduction occur simply series assertions topic series assertions organizer start accept sense weaken desire change believe begin going change think means working system saul alinsky rules radicals york random house vintage books xix selection alinsky simply expounding view effective community organizer begins
arguments arguer supports individual premise conveniently referred argument argument premise consider natural disasters floods famines social disasters robberies rapes insects mosquitos annoy conclusion evil interesting feature argument carefully observe relation main argument premise premise supports conclusion relation argument premise conclusion supported premise serves underscore point mentioned chapter conclusion premise depends role function sentence plays relation sentences passage getting point passage depends sorting roles clearly repeat premises argument support space extended format identifying structure arguments premises argument conveniently referred premises arguments arguments premises numbered separately main premise support conclusion argument supports main premise treated separately argument support main premise main premise premise arguer behalf main premise main argument arguments premises main argument supported premises contend god exist consider reasons hand god exists evil god thought omnipotent sort eradicate evil
mentioned arguments clear troublespots argument presented rudolf bultmann beginning famous essay cosmology testament essentially mythical character viewed storied structure earth center heaven underworld beneath heaven abode god celestial beings angels underworld hell place torment earth scene natural everyday events trivial round common task scene supernatural activity god angels hand satan demons supernatural forces intervene course nature think miracles means rare control evil spirits possession satan inspire evil thoughts alternately god inspire thought guide purposes bultmann testament mythology kerygma myth york harper row difficulty identifying conclusion bultmann argument sentence cosmology essentially mythical character difficulty seeing rest paragraph supports conclusion directly indirectly difficulty lies determining constitutes premises main argument constitutes supporting premises turn cosmology testament essentially mythical character reason obvious bultmann states viewed storied structure earth center heaven underworld beneath
probe interrelationships note general points argument obvious need recognized nonetheless arguments rarely occur reason arguments found contentious contexts try sort true issue person presents argument jumps argument reply controversy working issue argument exchange arguments collection arguments relate matter discussion exchange arguments considerable disagreement important note disagreement occurs conclusion premise important note controversy develops responds point points dropped considerations introduced requires looking arguments relation arguments noticing stack differ arguments arguers obvious point needs noticed mention text persons involved arguing key participants controversy disagree exchange arguments arguers course concerns vested interests objectives arguing role arguers play argumentation concerns interests objectives affect course controversy affect outcome questions sort arise arguments considered relation arguers
discussion course end frazier goes instance claim misunderstood claimed predict behavior fact denies human behavior predictable factors account represents beginning stages argument discussion goes walden castle frazier argue pages trying clarify issues support contentions persuade adopt point view longer exchanges comparing arguments proceeds fashion shorter exchanges identify arguments speaker relationship argument directly preceeding possibilities open speaker continuing discussion turn task let consider arguments castle frazier relate walden frazier presented argument castle options attacked premises frazier argument attack frazier conclusion chose attack conclusion frazier put argument castle appeals experience premise assumes frazier likewise experiences sort premise contends frazier admit feeling free premise free premise supports conclusion frazier put castle offered argument frazier responding options attacked castle premises attacked conclusion
unhelpful language occasions arguer language serve support point issue designed irritate inflame arguers dispute attack character integrity arguer controversy compare opponent advocates greater governmental involvement controlling big business stupidly suggests greater governmental involvement controlling big business statement sticks position arguer opponent putting statement serves deflect attention position arguer opponent maintaining arguer assessment mental perspicacity person arguing wants show opponent advocates greater governmental involvement controlling big business stupidly involves unhelpful language phrase stupidly suggests draws attention issue hand lesser concern statement occurred context argument place comment unhelpful language evaluation space drawing line word phrase question kind defect remedied simply eliminating unhelpful language question focusing issue hand course offering argument arguers introduce definitions discussion clarify mean word give word specific twist move helpful especially controversy danger bogged semantics definitions incorporated argument need carefully introduced hand clearly worded vague ambiguous unhelpful words eliminated hand need plausible
chapter concerned traditionally called fallacies simply put fallacies errors reasoning include sorts mistakes flaws affect arguments number important ways fallacies difficult systematize comprehensive manner generally accepted framework classification text approach material steps step focusing aspect argument evaluation including scope cluster errors shortcomings called fallacies chapter introduce step chapter steps genuine argument premises support conclusion occasion arguments relationship support premises conclusion disrupted find offered arguments premises fail support conclusion offered premises masquerade genuine premises intended arguer genuine put forward bona fide premises offered premise fails support conclusion rejected premise premises offered support conclusion examination found give support conclusion called bogus spurious premises bogus premises give support conclusion argument genuine premises offered argument consists entirely bogus premises fails genuine argument consists unsupported claim offered argument consists mixture bogus genuine premises delete bogus argument retaining genuine
companies bribe reason think governments engage sort behavior offered premise fails support conclusion represents irrelevant reason appeals group support government constitutes appeal wrongs phrase wrongs significance attached word wrong defect line reasoning wrong policy practice justified basis wrong policy practice position bolstered appeal group individual appeal approves disapproves order gain acceptance conclusion practice advocated practice appealed necessarily wrongs examples sort line reasoning include sparta approved infanticide infanticide fine pilfers stationery pilfering stationery spouses cheat spouse cheating perfectly acceptable case premise deleted bogus ir appeal wrongs appealing force pity wrongs major ways irrelevant reason occur instance move argument makes irrelevant reason pass conclusion directly hearer reader argument order gain acceptance conclusion evidential considerations arguments premises entirely forfeited
notion inductive arguments strength strength refers amount probable support premises give conclusion amount loosely interpreted impossible quantify accurately amount support conclusion premises mind characterizations types inductive strength inductive argument exhibits inductive strength premises provide substantial support conclusion argument inductively strong contrast inductive argument exhibits poor inductive strength premises provide minimal support conclusion arguments inductively weak degrees inductive strength weak moderate strong support exist rigorous procedures determining precise degree inductive strength premises provide conclusions areas inductive arguments employed exist numerous disagreements fundamental matters support sufficient warrant acceptance conclusion support constitutes support inductive logic simply argument analyst guidelines help judging approximate amount inductive support premises provide conclusion examined chapter eleven argument deductive inductive argument deductive examine validity validity successful deductive reasoning constitutes basic central feature deductive argument feature deductive argument conscientious argument analysts examine deductive argument valid passed important step assessing worth hand deductive argument found invalid noted extremely defect worth argument
fundamental characteristic conditional sentences express implicative sense conditional sentences assert relationship antecedent sentence consequent expressing implicative sense conditional sentences maintain thing case antecedent expresses thing case expressed consequent put loosely conditional sentences antecedent alleged imply consequent affairs expressed consequent dependent affairs expressed antecedent implication concerned relationship expressed antecedent consequent sentence brontosaurus dinosaur died human beings earth asserted brontosaurus dinosaur true asserted brontosaurus died human beings earth true asserted relationship implication antecedent consequent brontosaurus dinosaur died human beings earth dying humans contingent dinosaur sentence expresses implicative sense similarly sentence took government canada american democratic administration ottawa explain canada economic plight asserted took government canada false asserted american democratic administration canada capital city ottawa explain canada economic plight false american administration ottawa
consider argument god exists evil evil god exist argument deductive important ascertain argument valid invalid apply step addition course applicable steps argument evaluation re focusing step moment argument turns valid conclusion follows conclusively information contained premises argument alleges deductive argument valid show passed severe tests argument evaluation deductive argument valid means premises support conclusion manner argument flaws show steps applied passed important crucial step hand argument turns invalid conclusion fact follow conclusively information contained premises obvious deductive argument invalid represents extremely defect points premises support conclusion manner premises fail support conclusion represents flaw argument method finding validity invalidity deductive argument called truth table method method builds symbols definitions symbols learned deductive argument determine argument valid invalid truth table method
matter takes considerable practice respect oral arguments oral arguments specifically require argument recipient listen argument presented remember arguer says learn structure mentally arguer saying saying respects oral argument places greater demands listener written argument written argument reader argument times needed order reconstruct structure fully accurately puzzle argument portions argument throw case oral argument listener grasp structure arguer saying saying obligation arguer part evident communicate argument successfully pains prepare present clear argument fashion requires attention structure facets argumentation facilitate communication structure speaker assist listener respect especially important oral argument written contexts writer ready devices communicating structure include numbering devices main premises stand include visual devices paragraph structure indentation serve reader points paragraph structure signaling reader shift points discussion paragraph structure oral argument indentation sound
talk tonight fellow parents going suggest difficult step dear parents step soon re responsible parents care deeply children advocating responsible parents allow indiscriminate tv watching yes bombshell responsible parents allow indiscriminate tv watching point rise turn listen carefully say responsible parents allow indiscriminate tv watching raise generation passive idiots reason evident tv major socializing agency society children ages yes tv major socializing agency according recent study arnold bates polled chidlren research found average child north america spends asleep school family front tv set yes devoted watching tv statistics show tv major socializing force children society today truly shocking raising generation passive idiots evidence overwhelming tv turns critical functions don think reason watching tv tv demand decisions thirdly tv demand watch fourthly simply watch absorb imbibe beliefs values attitudes view
thing prepare argument presentation written format prepare oral context case demands arguer sort linguistic medium line thought articulated presenting argument oral context requires structural organization argument crisp clear conclusion succinct main premises stand support main premises thoughtfully composed requires sensitivity part arguer strains listeners oral argument style tremendously important argument presented affects considerably remembered structure style essential successful communication oral context tips prepare present oral argument substitute actual experience matters structure oral style begin loom personally pertinent needs master read exercise especially important respect preparation strategy points suggested tackling matter forms oral argument section focus preparation debate partisan argumentation principles apply sorts oral arguments sure clear mind defending suppose proposition debate resolved government enact legislation permitting doctors practice euthanasia terminally ill patients affirmative side defends conclusion government enact legislation permitting doctors practice euthanasia terminally ill patients
music called universal language statement disservice art equally universal fact art language extends prehistoric music knowledge language visual signs speaks civilizations imagery unfamiliar largely result cultural veneer beneath veneer basic principles language remain periods visual arts arts periods language art deliberately avoided part program rejection traditional values happened times twentieth century surrealists dadaists op pop conceptual artists styles language art shelved favor spectacular shocking imagery compelling decorative effects deliberately abstruse statements despite sporadic revolts artists unconsciously admit language art strong instinctive urge order artistic order achieved manipulation formal elements artist successful preoccupation form portions combine unify expression artist form concern mere illustration babel concert tongues result emphasis timeless element form book attempt produce book equal success serve guide student place stylistic settings presumably medieval monk twentieth century artist works illustrate book changed editions art styles changed
art meant things times term today derives renaissance words arti arte arti designation craft guilds fourteenth fifteenth sixteenth centuries artists closely tied traditions calling arte word craftsmanship implied knowledge materials artist chemical nature pigments interaction grounds painter applied pigments arte craftsmanship implied skillful handling materials sense producing images nature certainly sense imitating exact appearance nature art renaissance served technical interpretive record human experience continued fulfill function present meagerly times nineteenth century emphasis technical aspects art hands greatest masters remained interpretive art deals visual signs convey ideas moods generalized emotional experiences called language visual signs unlike language words art meant informative information province symbols words literature numbers mathematics interpretation ideas moods artist employ visual symbols meaning symbols embodied forms images artist creates ideas moods experiences artist conveys art intended convey facts information appreciation art mean understanding art enhanced observer attempts grasp meaning works art language instinct
artists motifs entirely observations nature begin form areas color line arrive artistic conclusions elements artists called nonobjective resort natural objects believing inconsequential artistic expression artists persuasion feel natural objects unimportant subjects art live merits fig generally inclusive terms abstract nonobjective art diverse form concepts developed style art called abstract expressionism mentioned extension abstract nonobjective art artists interested style abandoned predilection geometric planes abstract nonobjective art favor emotional freedom amorphous shapes figs despite fact terms abstract nonobjective tend give impression perceivable works view preceding explanation concepts ideas manifest works equally valid subject matter natural objects true works content content meaning lies form effective observer familiar form meaning public vision conditioned read form representationally sense snapshot represents nature optical manner course suggested earlier photography handled optical mechanical manner artistic fashion fig images appeal object minded person acceptance technological
line creates representation abstract realistic levels general dealt primarily abstract definitions easy application simultaneously observed material context discussed advancing receding qualities line line drawn represent contours piece drapery contrast describe relative spatial position folds drapery fig artist drawing linear portrait person line properties suggest mere physical presence artist able convey satirically sympathetically information character sitter line representation objective subjective implications direct result artist manipulation physical properties role signifying ideas conveying feelings line moves lives pulsating significant emotions art line means transcribing graphic language ideas emotions describes edges contours shapes diagrams silhouettes encompasses spaces areas convey meaning line exclusively express deep emotion experience manner planning utilitarian objects architect line drawings building engineer drawings bridge lines drawn maps represent rivers roads contours lines drawn paper represent words line primarily utilitarian convenient communicating ideas person whichever emphasis expression human emotions communication factual materials line important plastic element disposal artist
paths eye travel designed artist bind optical units viewing centers figs plate mere linkage completely satisfying artistic expression care travel planned stops trip equal duration similarly art viewing interesting rewarding timing itinerary varied artist attempts organize pauses lengths related importance sights seen duration pause determined pictorial dominance area number factors control duration crucifixion expect artist figure christ dominant fig artist accomplish contrast size shape location modification physical properties elements invariably affects spectator attention artist develops importance scale basis feelings reconciles demands design principles relative dominance degree dominance generally direct proportion amount visual contrast principle relative dominance functions representational nonrepresentational fig factor size making christ dominant large square dominate kind factor association tends qualify attention things oval shape receive attention chance reminded head chance interpretation foreseen artists case try avoid artists innate appeal associational factors advantage weighing factors balance relative dominance forcing operate benefit total organization
dimensional volumes parallel edges picture plane create illusion distances depth figure explanation follows help overlap volumes space put front taller try leave obvious holes lower corners center picture plane point system volumes drawn picture plane utilize left vanishing point lvp vanishing point rvp reduce distortion results small perspective drawings place vanishing points edge paper horizontal line draw point perspective volumes start vertical line representing corner volume nearest fig line point system visible planes recede depth diminish size depth lines representing vertical corners drawn diagonals meeting left vanishing points vertical lines representing corners side plane drawn set diagonal lines going left vanishing points top bottom front corner line vertical lines drawn logical arbitrary distances front corner line perspective drawings nonparallel objects vanishing point established horizon eye level object drawn point perspective pairs sets vanishing points established object drawn point system principles linear perspective create spatial effects shape volumes
color element form arouses universal appreciation sensitive instantly appeals child adult infants attracted brightly colored objects average layperson frequently puzzled calls modern art finds color exciting attractive layperson question distortions shape seldom objects color provided harmonious character fact art frequently appreciated color style color expressive elements quality affects emotions directly immediately view art rationalize supposed feel color emotional reaction pleasing rhythms harmonies color satisfy aesthetic desires combinations color reject representational art color identifies objects creates effect illusionistic space color differs elements deals scientific facts principles exact easily systematized examine basic facts characteristics color relationships function giving form meaning subject matter artist color begins derived light natural artificial light color light strong color likely intense light weak dusk dawn difficult distinguish color bright strong sunlight tropical climates colors additional intensity
property color intensity called saturation chroma refers quality light color intensity differs refers quantity light color reflects term intensity distinguish brighter tone color duller hue differentiate color high degree saturation strength grayed neutralized saturation point purest color actually found spectrum produced beam light passing prism pigment artist comes closest resembling color maximum intensity purity light waves reflected pigment produces variation brightness dullness color pigment reflects red rays light intense red complementary green rays reflected brightness red color dulled neutralized green red rays balance equally resulting tone neutral gray color loses intensity tends approach resemble gray actually ways changing intensity colors mixing pigments involve adding hue pigment neutral black white gray white added hue tone lighter loses brightness intensity color black added hue intensity diminishes darkens change changing intensity properties method changing intensity involves mixing neutral gray color
important part munsell color system color notation describes color terms letter numeral formula hue notation found circle color wheel fig colors numbers central trunk shown figure intensity chroma shown numbers vanes radiate trunk intensity relationships expressed fractions upper number representing lower number indicating intensity chroma notation bright yellow interesting compare munsell color wheel fig book fig munsell places blue opposite yellow red red opposite blue green book place blue opposite orange red opposite green system wilhelm ostwald places blue opposite yellow system designed purpose munsell circular arrangement color accordance strict rules standardizing industrially colors ostwald devised system relation psychological harmony order book circular arrangement based complicated subtractive system artist pigmented colors diametrically opposing colors artist complementary mixed produce gray system mixing color known subtractive process color mixed color subtracts absorbs light waves white light color british published standard color wheel titled powder pigments artists arranged wheel book space permit discussion color systems substantial number color theorists explored color field
spatial order occurs artist senses balance placement vital forces affecting spatial illusions traditional methods spatial indication shape size position overlapping sharp diminishing detail converging parallels reverse perspective color texture create nonobjective picture based theme intuitive space fig contemporary artists consider transparency important defining space linear perspective parallel convergence lines create effect looking transparent planes set angles volume space define distances depth planes opaque semitransparent mix color texture transparent planes meet surface textures patterns contemporary artist control spatial suggestions decorative relationships permit freer interpretation object shapes encourage variations contribute organic unity pictorial elements result shallow decorative space concept create composition forms derived sculptural architectural forms omit indication naturalistic light shade substituting decorative textures patterns lines spots stripes break background areas arbitrary shapes related objects decorative texture spaces solid tones varying values color design busy elaborate fig cezanne cubists combined viewpoints plastic image painting position multiple views single painting implies movement observer objects select single object model problem pieces tracing paper draw top plan view elevation view section view object scale
term sculpture varied meanings history word derives latin verb sculpere refers process carving cutting engraving glyptic material ancient greeks definition sculpture included modeling pliable materials clay wax produce figures relief round greeks developed ideal standard sculptured human form considered perfect physical organization harmonious balanced totally related parts concept artistic organization part definition sculpture modern sculpture qualities response changing conditions industrialized age science machinery sculptors conscious materials technology aware underlying abstract structure art sculpture longer limited carving modeling glyptic manipulative materials refers means giving intended form dimensional materials means include welding bolting riveting gluing sewing machine hammering stamping turn dimensional artist responded expanded range sculptural forms include planular solid linear constructions materials steel plastic wood fabric fig plate resulting sculptures stronger lighter materials open extended spatial relationships dimensional forms wire constructions mobiles changed definition sculpture previous nineteenth century included solid heavy sturdy figurative forms innovative sculptor michelangelo di renaissance frame thought terms massive materials heavy figures diversity newfound materials techniques led greater individual expression artistic freedom
space characterized boundless unlimited extension directions void matter artists space tend limit vastness mark extensions dimensions measurable distances preestablished elements dimensional artists objects displace space control spatial intervals locations rectangular ovoidal shapes figure examples space controlling objects weight solids felt established dimensions planes flat rounded define spatial dimensions shapes seen create spatial interval solids illustrated dimensional spatial indications minimal designed dimensional object dimensional features restricted taking full advantage major asset viewers accustomed basic flatness graphic works tend masses series dimensional views total space displacing units artists change spatial effects manipulating dimensional materials cut material space moves add material space moves outward figure bricks arranged restrictive manner regard spatial dimension collectively form large minimal rectangular solid individual bricks distinguished cracklike linear edges seen frontal side planes linear edges reminiscent graphic techniques object surfaces embellished regard dimension bricks illustrated figure separated indentations similar mortar joints masons gaps shallow produce distinctively clearer darker edges shown figure line engravers similar technique handling metal plates fig
similar experiences promoted dadaists pop artists called neo dadaists dada nihilistic satirical pop art purpose joyful enthusiasm exploring possibilities implied daily images objects megalometropolitan society culture significant artists pop persuasion warhol lichtenstein jim dine robert indiana tom wesselman claes oldenburg george segal especially oldenburg segal sculptors assemblers fields pop art makes inroads painting figs op art stands term optical merely extension modification earlier twentieth century geometric abstraction nonobjectivity artists movement influenced albers victor varsarely richard anuszkiewicz george ortman agam bridget riley employ precise shapes wriggly lines concentric patterns direct impact physiology psychology sight fig plate explored moire patterns formed groups dedicated scientific investigation vision intuitive expression art general trend extension pop art meticulously rendered images reality movement led artists wayne thiebaud mel ramos philip pearlstein richard estes chuck close richard lindner robert cottingham fig figs artists persuasion designated realists depend photography images commercial advertising gain meticulous artistic ends unlike pop artists show average everyday activities pop art realism sculptural participants sculptors refined styles segal oldenburg lifelike images fiberglass resins
characteristic modern sculpture needs emphasized apparent virility forms lively crosscurrents carried category form difficult reason classify going field sculpture sculptors continually change approaches slipping style louise nevelson instance began smooth abstract shapes comparable henry moore later moved assemblage fitting ready wooden shapes knobs bannisters moldings posts gleaned demolished houses furniture fragments boxlike forms compartmentalized sized rectangles squares large screens freestanding walls complex pieces painted uniform color stressed relationship parts unified total relationships complexities keeping trend processing form final results exciting primary structuralists fig popularity assemblage enhancement dada idea found object led junk ethos metal material form combinations junk included scrapped fragments human objects automobiles farm machinery factory parts airplanes bicycles john chamberlain sculptures parts wrecked automobiles richard stankiewicz created boilers sinks kind comment consumer culture occurs pop art fig artists mentioned american europeans cezar similar lines cezar compressions derigees objects giant baling machines compress junked automobiles scrap small size
artists greek artist takis pol bury exploit similar possibilities elegant forms immaterial takis small metal shapes suspended rods movement detected close study bury biomorphic wood shapes motorized slight movement fig artists explore suggested movement minimalist optical artists achieve movement limited degree artists chryssa dan flavin nicholas schoeffer explore combination light movement sound electronically produced create kinetic fantasies chryssa technology neon light fluorescent kinetics flavin schoeffer frequently movement electronic sounds lighting creations environments materials emerged static assemblages pop art led environmentalists took pop art concept literal images built space enwrapping spectator step members environmental movement recent times chrysto oldenburg lucas samaris howard woody bruce nauman chrysto balloons featured whitney gallery gave colossal plastic sheets wrapped portion australian coast later tried enclose canyon western united states fig oldenburg known pop art artist monuments designed thames river london giant lipstick tube yale university extension pop art encompassing environmental movement late early
color effective ways expressing mood lyric song blue blue love blue direct contrast rainbow shines window love loves gray rolls fog san francisco silent eerie opposed white heat sand jamaican beach lesson express mood art medium paper collage artists shapes colors textures paper create collages express moods feelings collection varieties papers include shades colored construction paper newspaper plain patterned wrapping paper slick surfaced pages magazines spongy paper towels choice interesting kinds paper choose piece music appeals folksong beethoven pastorale symphony switched bach rock piece communicate mood chosen choice colors textures patterns collection papers kinds music rhythms vary piece rhythms stronger main part design focus strong rhythm chosen piece music sweeping rounded shapes small geometric shapes combinations large small shapes depict strong rhythm dominant rhythm focus attention collage design collage non objective real objects design complete rubber cement attach cut torn papers base stiff paper cardboard entire surface base collage covered pieces paper
deadly sins themes suited pictorial expression depicted ways artists history sins pride covetousness greed lust sexual envy gluttony including drunkenness anger sloth laziness lesson depict deadly sins expresses interpretation sin choice shapes lines textures watercolor tempera paints follow special instructions color plan picture sheet paper painting interpretation deadly sins draw large dominant image emphasize theme sin burning flames sin anger images relate important dominant theme images art subordinate shooting rockets background picture anger paint picture planned restricted range colors limited color palette think color expresses interpretation sin chosen color variations paint dominant parts picture draw attention parts picture complementary color color chosen complementary opposite color color wheel main color red complement green main color blue complement orange main color yellow complement purple tempera paint wish add black white colors lighter darker
wanted visit art museums community nearby things happen chance lesson offers opportunity art museum specific purpose mind asked visit museum look carefully paintings collection answer questions paintings saw prepared set directions lesson help learn look paintings focusing specific features art elements visit museum community collection paintings read directions try find paintings match criteria directions painting discuss give title artist date painting created statements fairly painter apply pigment paint ways paint thin looks watery creates wash paint applied create thick textured surface called impasto describe pigment applied painting wash method describe painted surface painting impasto method medium material expression art describe materials painting medium media addition paint tell painting appears tools materials artist apply paint canvas surface describe application paint painting paintings looks created small brush large brush method notice colors paintings bright hurt eyes
western culture working needle thread traditionally thought women longer true today women express stitchery art form stitchery art opens possibilities art previously considered lesson yarn sewn wire screen create stitchery design sheet drawing paper plan design executed yarn stitchery geometric depict objects nature design symmetrical colors plan intend finished yarn stitchery sure shapes colors chosen create unified design piece wire screen measures square holes screen large allow yarn pass easily tape sharp ends screen strips cardboard frame thread needle yarn knot end prevent pulling screen begin pull yarn front screen reach point want stop line pass needle yarn screen bring screen line continue process yarns threads created design think pleasing yarn pulled fairly tight cover entire screen yarn study illustration screen submit evaluation plan yarn stitchery finished yarn stitchery
foggy morning sleep squint eyes colors fade doors dark colors farther lighter light colors slightly darker colors lose brilliance recede distance objects distance light middle gray colors colors bluish yellowish purplish depending color sky amount dust air lesson involves color perspective paint outdoor scene smoggy factory scenes sundrenched orchards mountain vistas times painted colors fade completely distance haze fog select hue color sheet white paper practice mixing varying amounts color complement complementary colors colors opposite color wheel red opposite green blue opposite orange violet opposite yellow side side colors contrast strongly mixed dull gray colors practice mixing white color tints color black shades pencil plan outdoor scene shows distance include foreground middleground background objects scene help show distance diagram page paint plan outdoor scene black white complementary color mixed original color choice show distance submit evaluation practice sheet mixed colors painting outdoor scene stresses distance color perspective
hundred united states won independence american craftspersons product designers risen international importance respected artists colonial times craftspersons objects hand objects tools pottery furniture silverware jewelry rugs quilts contemporary american craftspersons hand methods continue similar kinds objects industrial revolution product designers designed products machine mass produced objects unique kind today product designers design kinds products craftspersons objects machine hand examples telephones computers airplanes automobiles lesson designed help find kind art product interests tracing history past present choose product designed america examples chairs tools telephones quilts automobiles find craftspersons designers past present involved making designing product trace history product early beginnings present times collect photocopies reproductions drawings examples craftspersons product designers involved creation chosen product write paper product craftspersons product designers worked paper words length drawn xeroxed illustrations pictures collected trimmed pasted spaces written include reference list books research
plaster paris white powder mixed water rapidly hardens liquid turns solid generates warmth hardened cools moist touch perfectly dry feels warm surface feels hard chalky ways develop feeling qualities plaster handle stages change powder solid lesson requires learn qualities plaster create pleasing looking object mix small quantity plaster bowl put water bowl sprinkle plaster water begins show surface water mix plaster water soon mixture begun thicken handful hold hands hold fingers slightly allow plaster ooze hold hands perfectly plaster hard ruined move notice speed plaster hardens amount warmth process hardening hardening process completely finished gently open hands place plaster piece side dry surplus powder scraps solid plaster carefully collected deposited trash flushed sink plaster block perfectly dry feels slightly warm touch slightly hollow ring gently tapped days study piece carefully angles decide stand
advertisements try persuade movie buy book choose specific brand shoes visit city join army artists select pictures drawings lettering message public design product influence public design competing product advertising designs glamorous austere complex simple thing counts design actually persuades behave manner suggested message fortunately effective designs tend artistically seen countless examples advertising art lesson opportunity design choose object person represents product wish advertise advertising household product hi fi equipment clothes caribbean vacation choice deal especially enthusiastic object person central theme advertisement draw paint full sized rendering advertisement professional looking advertising artists regularly photographs aids combination media pencils paints crayons cover spaces rough edges white paint choose lettering goes central theme lettering stencil press type letters words describe product words easy read contrast background consider blank spaces background part design
painters fascinated colors shapes change viewed distance centuries watercolor artists china japan later england america tried capture feeling distance paintings darker contrasting colors closer parts lighter muted colors distant parts pictures showed softer outlines shapes detail objects distance illusion depth created muting colors softening focus distant objects called aerial atmospheric perspective lesson opportunity develop skill painting watercolors skill create watercolor painting communicates feeling distance draw horizontal lines inches sheet white paper paper chart showing color change colors practice making lightest darkest versions colors chosen begin placing small amount color large amount water brush wipe brush paint strokes pale water color let paint dry paint strokes slightly water color brighter let dry repeat process reached brightest color pure color exercise vary amount water color change colors basic rule painting pictures transparent watercolor begin palest colors move gradually darker intense darkest colors diluted water added white paint transparent watercolor paintings white parts paper create white
history drawing played important role architects painters sculptors drawings preparatory sketches finished painting piece sculpture building renaissance began collect artists drawings showed artists personal style directness artistic expression beginning century artists drawings variety objects viewed finished products sketches art works today artists continue objects subjects finished drawings draw objects tea pots coke bottles car seats portraits wealthy significant everyday objects important artist drawing task lesson finished drawing careful observation piece white drawing paper pencil practice making variety kinds lines vertical horizontal wavy curved bent short broken continuous thick thin lines kinds lines create fill sheet paper experiments remove shoes place table front look shape observe details worn heel frayed shoelace missing eyelet bent tongue shoe minimum sheet white drawing paper draw outline shape shoe shape correct draw details selection varied line experiments created draw details concentrate line quality drawing add shading draw shoe fills drawing paper
mental images dream house collect ideas magazines show beautifully designed homes imaginative practical task visualize modifications existing house functional attractive kinds ideas need drawn paper order share task lesson search community older home photograph older house modernized remodeled question ask external appearance likely desirable pencil draw original house selected accurately purposes drawing place corner building closest able sides clearly experience point perspective drawing lesson prove draw sure eye level clearly check proportions house accurate details included shade drawing transfer drawing piece paper tracing paper trace lines original drawing tracing paper turn tracing paper blunt pencil point cover lines place tracing paper sheet paper draw lines modify design traced house serve updated altered function complete drawing point quality drawing comparable original drawing house submit evaluation drawings original house altered house
thought numbers ideas beliefs possess defining ideas require understand opposite able explain evil likely mean understanding meaning examples opposite ideas civilized barbaric heaven hell innocent worldly optimism pessimism male female test person understanding occurs tries communicate art course task express visually idea belief opposite art expressed media means elements lines colors textures shapes space ways convey ideas emotions result creative compositions think moment sets opposite ideas likely suggest qualities art elements opposite word meanings likely suggest art elements possess characteristics opposites bright dull rough smooth task face visual art works embodies idea contrasts selection opposites entirely choice images art representational abstract non objective able capture true feelings want express easily objects art look realistic alternatively wish art realistic distort parts composition distortion device emphasizing differences special attention paid art elements line color texture shape space needed communicate ideas
pots holding lump clay hand pushing thumb hand deep clay clay squeezed thumb fingers hand pot form ancient technique remains foundations pottery making today adapted factory methods production continues practiced potters specialize hand built pinch pots tend small limited size hand potter shape potter able create squeezing clay parts separate pinch pots joined larger sculptural objects lesson instructs simple pinch pot practice skill develop begin explore creative elaborations basic technique prepare ball clay easy manipulate clay fit comfortably left hand hand left handed press thumb hand left deep clay squeeze clay thumb fingers begin squeeze moderate pressure order water based clay easily workable condition periodically wet hands water water permeate clay dip water based clay water oil based clay requires warmth hands maintain pliability fingers thumb hand lump clay left hand turn lump position squeezing
full face view shows symmetrical front view side views views naturally look view half front side showing parts simultaneously view balanced asymmetrical symmetrical kind portrait difficult drawing front side view results interesting lesson offers opportunity draw front view portrait ask friend pose portrait drawing position front view sit eyes level person posing sit close important details draw general head shape friend accurately mark position eyes nose mouth hair line ear sure check re check positions sure correct check planning step looking pictures human skulls underlying structure add details eyes nose mouth lightly drawn lines page checklist facial proportions shade portrait darknesses pencil achieve full range values head smaller parts look solid lastly choose lines drawn heavily parts shaded strongly focus viewer attention important parts want add shading show color hair eye brows eye lashes emphasize parts
common mistake beginners art look edges external contours objects solid forms contours seen internal contours fact interesting outer contour silhouette artist concentrate attention inside appearance objects outsides effects assignment designed sensitive presence internal contours wind thick wool thick string interesting looking solid object irregularly shaped wrap object regular irregular manner wool string touching object points leave strands wool object underneath draw lines string follows surface object carefully lines reveal internal contours object notice wrapped yarn creates rhythmic design reveals contours insert contour line draw outline object unwrap object completely drawing learned contours present object employ shading show dimensional character object add details visible submit evaluation drawing wrapped object final drawing unwrapped object
summer school freshmen begin classes fall brought campus week orientation part orientation fairly extensive tour campus stops buildings offices sites freshmen visiting frequently interest purpose course help students learn addition considered important learn history traditions campus organizations points interest gymnasium theater classroom buildings president office library student government offices headquarters college newspaper college yearbook dining hall visited part orientation committee responsible locations visited pick students place site turn guide locations present talk words length prepared answer questions ready task digging college catalogue library college archives publicity office admissions office sure familiar locations organizations select points interest organizations campus prepare need meet requirements write descriptions words prepare additional information answer anticipated questions
student school nursing metropolitan general hospital training academic school beliefs graduates prepared perform jobs soon start high proportion training practical nature supervision real encountered things seriously shown suffering pain confirmed desire help giving nursing care case hilda baden extremely overweight ailing patient medical floor hospital working supervision head nurse helping provide nursing care medications fifty patients hilda floor weeks stay longer bed needed acutely ill patient return home poor physical condition home crumbled truly unfortunate case doctor decision release hospital recommend nursing home able give medical care needs head nurse position requires write case supervisor medical unit home prepare staff kind nursing problems hilda presents hilda case head nurse assigned follow weeks worth notes fortunate head nurse told prepare write
graduated high school planning begin college fall going public college re worried expenses older brother offer pay assist summer job salesman stocks bonds investments welcome don things basic facts stocks sold company order raise money carry business buy actually part owners company bonds sold purpose governments companies don owner lender clearly won buying interested buy business professional physicians lawyers political officials stan clients job informal arrangement stan company paying bother paid hand arrangement makes entirely dependent stan occurred stan job realize wind insulting hurting feelings front desk stan referred simple letter attract clients getting response expected asked check suggest improvements means improvements ways jazzing making attention getting enticing
county hospital night charge nurse women ward occupies entire floor building efficiently going regular duties unharried tumult chaos comes hospital daytime fact prefer night feel serve patients primarily low income welfare cases ward quiet unpopulated doctors staff members visitors tonight starts typically assisted aide licensed practical nurse monitor patients administer medications give treatments maintain charts change dressings sheets bedpans bedclothes forty women resting ward overflow mrs bolling corridor private end rooms busy things lpn suddenly looks end ward beckons reach whispers thinks smells smoke instantly alert calm routine night altered earliest things learned nursing school emergency training case fire fire bad worse danger hospital patients confined beds connected sustaining machinery iv cardiac monitors potentially explosive oxygen tanks patients ambulatory respond intelligently danger signal mind body gear face emergency conditions handle fire extinguishers put bed fires evacuate patients organize personnel perform tasks patient removal care
trained practice writing chores quickly finish draft type neatly dutifully recall check floor patients resting excitement quiet side ward mrs bolling objective leave ward check room hear sobs coming think approach concern bed mrs bolling matter standing inside door bothered reticent talking eyes directed downward looks hesitantly timidly stammers nurse tell find eye glass eye think dropped bed sheets inwardly groan mighty groan bed sheets soaking middle courtyard flights mrs bolling model professional concern volunteer search glass eye important especially considering depressed public assistance patients county hospital mrs bolling unable afford insurance loss replace eye bought money welfare funds welfare classify cosmetic prosthetic device gather aide begin search despite thoroughness turns eye conclude lying soggy mess hospital courtyard
happen scoffed threatened turn exactly predicted college female students invariably contemplated future mixed enthusiasm doubt enthusiastic careers expected education lead doubted sufficiently overcome attractions family responsibilities present bias women job market going career planned carefully avoid future stereotyped housewife college degree languishing upstairs drawer hair rollers steam iron hand squalling tot playpen soap opera tv didn find exactly position feared part worse imagined soap operas distressing sign change place couldn believe watching soaps cynically referred ridiculous poorly written thrills frustrated housewives daily tune shows grudgingly reason fascinated despite inartistic clumsiness superficiality contrived plots melodrama phony lurid sensationalism watching familiar soap operas write produce act wondered involved making soap opera help create mysteriously appeals millions considered real talent required put plots meager characters merely schemers double lives sordid pasts
things considered feel job parent ninth grader inclined agree agreement quarter sparingly try makes absolutely provision teaching skills qualities need parents read countless books articles planned children titles baby child care child behavior birth ten recently raising children modern america disappointingly experts agree backfire produce effect opposite intended instance read children elementary school age exposed tv violence provide attractive examples socially unacceptable behavior read tv violence enables children cope suppress violent urges seeing enacted fictional form read awful kids play war toys cap guns read children play violent fantasies threaded advice childhood experts picking choosing reasonable succeeded kid anymore melissa threshold parent senior high pangs doubt capabilities parent handle problems inevitably arise sophisticated perilous setting parent heard drug culture teenage promiscuity shoplifting racial violence gang warfare attacks teachers lurid headline making phenomena
proposal stems add apparent fact thirds population desires stricter gun control law law effected congress apparently pressure sources national rifle association correct irrelevant enormous number believe examples put forward mention proposal stems comment months ago representative legislature voters wish influence behavior elected representatives start competing lobbyists lobby thought elected representative lobbyist voters elected apparently voters obliged pay salaries representatives talk individual needed talk fourth ridiculous hope feel ridiculous situation want suggest system devised petition sizable number voters issue stricter gun control law submitted national referendum sorts occur presidential elections population large asked vote simple proposition wished stricter gun control law vote affirmative congress obliged enact stricter gun control law presumably gauge strictness size majority endorsing general proposition
neno famulari eighteen live parents begun attend nearby college anticipate academic difficulty preferred beer parties touch football hope success higgins history instructor shown film dramatizes detention camps set united states war ii japanese citizens country film recently television depicts pearl harbor amid japanese hysteria president roosevelt signed infamous executive order stroke uprooted entire japanese community immigrant japanese issei children american born american citizens nisei moved homes businesses mainly california relocation camps inland pacific isolated barely fit human habitation held guard duration war entire businesses homes abandoned families broken roughly percent japanese americans farmers lost lands unable return film showed nation feared possibilities espionage sabotage unprepared war united states seriously anticipated japanese military invasion pacific coast despite japanese americans enlisted armed services assigned segregated units europe received awards conspicuous bravery known impressed film balances idea military necessity camps concept rights liberties constitutionally granted citizens
started nurse syringes bedpans sterilized diligently nowadays disposable days housekeeping staffs departments nurses stock put supplies cleaning mopping night janitors home inhalation therapy department give oxygen respirator treatments stuff hospital strict dress code started nurse reprimand wearing cap nowadays nurses don wear nurses respect authority gave superiors lip harder today fight survive times harder rest color skin black woman graduate central school nursing struggled earned rn months later string promotions hold fine position nursing supervisor department medicine millville city hospital student beginning nurse subjected subtle discrimination persevered job meant repeating task met satisfaction doctors supervisors watching closely fashioned family calls re proud ways
riot neighborhood ordinary event depression closing factory forgotten residents area peaceable behaved ordinary americans events past weeks showed ugly strain viciousness potential violence imagined lying dormant jonas tract integrated sixties community disrupted ostensibly respectable middle class citizens eager throats mrs emma plackebo teachers thing beginning gotten anonymous phone calls obscene daily receives postcard crude drawing gun gunsight message commy creep sights asked granted police protection reports family nervous wrecks emergency meeting pta held wednesday tempers flared heatedly moderator cardoon couldn control discussion gaveled futilely closed meeting ordering janitor darken auditorium rumor active participants meeting fury actually started scuffle dark punches thrown arms twisted face cut swung handbag rumor days later westview students members football team caught officer olliver allegedly defacing school property spray paint charged vandalizing nearby parked car owned buddy jarndyce assistant athletic director westview notable participant controversy pta meeting
additionally east westview students number problems tied fact district schools provision planned physical education problems include high dropout rates academic underachievement children low concepts apathy disruption classroom hope middle school physical education program linked similar programs elementary high school levels help solve problems program children feel lead academic social adjustment implement major objectives open program guarantee child winner moving systematically deemphasize competitive sports substitute environment set tasks encourage average unskilled children simultaneously providing challenge physically gifted program unlike current geared individual team competition children participate involve benefit child select group special problems abilities hope result improvement fitness motor skills love physical activity positive attitude school traditionally emphasis games competitive sports gifted athlete receiving attention neglect agile friends develop negative attitude entire idea physical activity physical education experience devastating child needs loser attitude developed playground carries academic social child
plato born noble wealthy athenian family known early young age undoubtedly acquainted socrates plato played active role peloponnesian war unhappy tastes political included execution socrates led conclude high moral standards decided bent speculative thought career political arena unsuitable means inaction returning visit italy founded famed academy endure hundred purpose training future political leaders furnish environment moral ideals implemented visits sicily attempted put ideals practice stymied impetuous young king dionysius plato died age eighty legacy philosophical ideas shape western thought socrates wrote thought appears early dialogues plato authors greek historian xenophon plato socrates principal character dialogues mislead thinking plato spokesman teacher distinction drawn historical socrates socrates plato dialogues served put midwife helping bring birth views dialogues elements historical socrates reflect plato thought dialogues divided scholars groups early middle late
let reflect hope death blessing things dead perception told change soul place complete lack perception dreamless sleep death advantage think pick night slept soundly dream put nights days days nights pleasant night private person king find easy count compared days nights death say advantage eternity single night hand death change place told true died greater blessing gentlemen jury arriving hades escaped call judges find true judges sit judgment minos radamanthus aeacus triptolemus demi gods upright poor kind change give company orpheus musaeus hesiod homer willing die times true wonderful spend met palamedes ajax son telamon died unjust conviction compare experience think pleasant important spend testing examining wise thinks
shorter phaedo phaedo phaedo phaedo tallness compared shortness simmias simmias called short tall presenting shortness overcome tallness tallness overcome shortness smilingly added going talk book say agreed purpose agree tallness willing tall short tallness admit short overcome things happens feels retreats opposite short approaches destroyed approach willing endure admit shortness admit endure shortness remain person short tallness tall venture small short unwilling tall opposites opposite goes destroyed happens altogether agree cebes heard present clear memory gods agree earlier discussion opposite larger smaller smaller larger simply opposites opposites think saying happen
perfect happiness speculative activity considerations gods conception enjoy complete blessedness felicity kind actions rightly attribute say actions absurd picture making contracts restoring deposits sort thing say brave actions imagine gods seeking glory facing dangers alarms liberal actions liberal odd idea gods actually possess coined money temperate actions temperate actions mean case piece vulgarity commend gods flagitious desires list find forms virtuous activity paltry gods unworthy thought living beings living suppose asleep endymoin living action mention creation production left contemplation conclude activity god blessed form contemplation follows human activities akin god bring greatest happiness goes show truth fact lower animals partake happiness utterly incapable contemplation gods altogether happy happy includes resembles divine activity animals properly happy capable speculation contemplation
look heavens earth cry aloud change vary exists essence change variation cry aloud exist exist existed able give existence visible presence voice speak lord beautiful beautiful beautiful simply creator compared beautiful truths thanks knowledge compared knowledge ignorance heaven earth instrument mighty artist forms body mind chooses mind power give external existence form perceives eye power impresses form material existent capacity formed clay stone wood gold things
rene descartes lived era geniuses birth shakespeare writing richard ii merchant venice descartes died newton hobbes galileo contemporaries descartes born la la descartes small town touraine france studying classics philosophy law dissatisfied formal education decided try book descartes enlisted army prince maurice orange serving holland traveled germany holland italy france descartes returned holland lived virtual seclusion queen christina sweden persuaded judgment court stockholm strong health descartes succumbed pneumonia swedish winter descartes interests extremely wide ranging major contributions anatomy physiology optics mathematics course philosophy center thought lies view science branch unified science science based mathematics descartes early champion galileo doctrine book nature written language mathematics addition unifying sciences mathematics descartes affected major unification mathematics displayed relation geometry ancients algebra helped develop cartesian coordinate system philosophy terribly unfertile territory fruitful application mathematics descartes applies philosophy laws general striking characteristics certainty mathematics descartes touchstones philosophical inquiries
easy thing deceived specious liberty want judgment distinguish mistake private inheritance birthright public error confirmed authority reputation writings subject wonder produce sedition change government western parts receive opinions concerning institution rights commonwealths aristotle cicero greeks romans living popular states derived rights principles nature transcribed books practice commonwealths popular grammarians describe rules language practice rules poetry poems homer virgil athenians taught desire changing government freemen lived monarchy slaves aristotle puts politics lib cap ii democracy liberty supposed commonly held free government aristotle cicero writers grounded civil doctrine opinions romans taught hate monarchy deposed sovereign shared sovereignty rome successors reading greeks latin authors childhood gotten habit false show liberty tumults controlling actions sovereigns controlling controllers blood think truly say thing dearly bought western parts bought learning greek latin tongues
gottfried wilhelm leibniz born leipzig germany son professor leibniz precocious widely read youngster entering university leipzig fifteen receiving doctorate laws altdorf twenty graduation declined professorship choosing nuremburg soon legal counselor court mainz paris diplomatic mission remaining conversed outstanding mathematicians scientists learned recent advances fields period independently newton invented calculus return germany accepted position court duke brunswick hanover remained service nobles rest career leibniz corresponded widely philosophical scientific topics leibniz prolific writer major philosophical works published lifetime exception theodicy published important writings include discourse metaphysics written related correspondence arnauld monadology correspondence samuel clarke significant essays human understanding critical discussion locke essay leibniz philosophical system comprehensive wide ranging rests narrow logical base central base conceptions nature propositions substances according leibniz propositions assert inclusion concept statement neil armstrong walked moon asserts neil armstrong concept essence includes walking moon elements
secondary exist things modes primary piece manna bulk able produce idea round square figure removed place idea motion idea motion represents manna moving circle square idea existence mind manna motion figure manna notice ready agree manna bulk figure texture motion parts power produce sensations sickness acute pains gripings ideas sickness pain manna effects operations feel readily agrees brought think sweetness whiteness manna effects operations manna motion size figure particles eyes palate pain sickness caused manna effect operations stomach guts size motion figure insensible parts body operate proved operate eyes palate produce mind distinct ideas allow operate guts stomach produce distinct ideas ideas effects operations manna parts bodies size figure number motion parts produced eyes palate thought manna produced stomach guts pain sickness ideas effect manna thought felt sweetness whiteness effects manna parts body ways equally unknown thought exist manna seen tasted need reason explain
david hume born edinburgh age fifteen completed education edinburgh university began study law later convinced major philosophical discovery abandoned legal studies devote entire attention philosophy hume published treatise human nature words fell deadborn press disappoitned failure obtain audience ideas hume decided style treatise fault published abbreviated version book treatise later enquiry concerning human understanding reprinted successful treatise enquiry popular introduction thought hume hoped hume continued write philosophical topics publishing enquiry concerning principles morals wrote works political theory history england lifetime fame rested chiefly nonphilosophical writings addition hume employed times private tutor librarian diplomat sociable witty numerous friends death widely mourned dialogues concerning natural religion published posthumously hume official aim enquiry investigate powers human reason page definite thrust vigorous opponent superstition hume interested disclosing pretensions traditional metaphysics regards providing cover dogmatism prejudice important weapon hume attack distinction relations ideas matters fact
vulgar things according appearance attribute uncertainty events uncertainty makes fail usual influence meet impediment operation philosophers observing part nature contained vast variety springs principles hid reason minuteness remoteness find contrariety events proceed contingency secret operation contrary possibility converted certainty farther observation remark exact scrutiny contrariety effects betrays contrariety proceeds mutual opposition peasant give reason stopping clock watch say commonly artist easily perceives force spring pendulum influence wheels fails usual effect reason grain dust puts stop movement observation parallel instances philosophers form maxim connexion effects equally uncertainty instances proceeds secret opposition contrary instance human body usual symptoms health sickness disappoint expectation medicines operate wonted powers irregular events follow philosopher physician surprised matter tempted deny general necessity uniformity principles animal economy conducted
length push speculative principles scepticism act live converse conduct obliged give reason absolute necessity lies carries speculations farther necessity constrains philosophizes natural moral subjects allured pleasure satisfaction finds employing manner considers common constrained philosophy earliest infancy continual advances forming general principles conduct reasoning larger experience acquire stronger reason endued render principles general comprehensive call philosophy regular methodical operation kind philosophize subjects essentially reasoning common expect greater stability greater truth philosophy account exacter scrupulous method proceeding look human affairs properties surrounding bodies carry speculations present things creation formation universe existence properties spirits powers operations universal spirit existing beginning end omnipotent omniscient immutable infinite incomprehensible removed smallest tendency scepticism apprehensive reach faculties
remarked questions ultimate ends admit proof ordinary acceptation term incapable proof reasoning common principles premises knowledge conduct matters fact subject direct appeal faculties judge fact senses internal consciousness appeal faculties questions practical ends faculty cognizance questions ends words questions things desirable utilitarian doctrine happiness desirable thing desirable end things desirable means end required doctrine conditions requisite doctrine fulfill claim believed proof capable object visible actually proof sound audible hear sources experience manner apprehend sole evidence produce desirable actually desire end utilitarian doctrine proposes theory practice acknowledged end convince person reason general happiness desirable person believes attainable desires happiness
order fully illustrate mischief denying hearing opinions judgment condemned desirable fix discussion concrete case choose preference cases favorable argument freedom opinion score truth utility considered strongest let opinions impugned belief god future commonly received doctrines morality fight battle ground advantage unfair antagonist sure say desire unfair say internally doctrines deem sufficiently protection law belief god opinions feel sure hold assuming infallibility permitted observe feeling sure doctrine call assumption infallibility undertaking decide question allowing hear contrary side denounce reprobate pretension put side solemn convictions positive persuasion falsity pernicious consequences pernicious consequences adopt expressions altogether condemn immorality impiety opinion pursuance private judgment backed public judgment country contemporaries prevents opinion heard defense assumes infallibility
thing likely individuals government speaking generally fit conduct business determine conducted personally interested principle condemns interferences common legislature officers government ordinary processes industry part subject sufficiently enlarged political economists related principles essay objection nearly allied subject cases individuals thing average officers government desirable government means mental education mode strengthening active faculties exercising judgment giving familiar knowledge subjects left deal principal sole recommendation jury trial cases political free popular local municipal institutions conduct industrial philanthropic enterprises voluntary associations questions liberty connected subject remote tendencies questions development belongs occasion present dwell things parts national education truth peculiar training citizen practical part political education free taking narrow circle personal family selfishness comprehension joint interests management joint concerns act public semi public motives guide conduct aims unite isolating
earliest philosophers pythagoras heraclitus empedocles sense striking unity thought generation sophists socrates brought philosophy earth socratic schools stoicism later philosophy history philosophy similar examples mind notably spinoza easy fashionable overestimate beautiful serenity recall vitriolic barbs heraclitus inimitable sarcasm socrates passions spinoza altogether voice hear notes underground pitch strained protest preoccupation note lack serenity ridiculous poise remain norm element contrast poses masks drama mind sufficient conscious weakness determined exploit perceive unheard song songs individuality classical biblical romantic individuality retouched idealized holy wretched revolting misery highest bias science remind romanticism notes underground deeply unromantic softening contours distinguished romantics attack classicism novalis keats wordsworth romanticism flight present past future dreams vague fog
elaborate nietzsche interpretations jaspers heidegger demonstrate tremendous show learning opposite conclusions nietzsche image drawn portrait rival sees heidegger eyes jaspers inconclusive nietzsche philosophizing endlessly evolving philosophy jaspers turn heidegger began terms look existential spoke existential pathos metaphysician nietzsche sees light offering beginning nietzsche left jaspers existenzphilosophie heidegger overcoming metaphysics heidegger jaspers opposite evaluations relative stature neitzsche kierkegaard illuminate gulf separates generally lumped existentialists heidegger disdains openly hortatory tone readers fail notice altogether appeals change lives heidegger enthusiastic exhortations immediately hitler power students professors german universities think nazi service inaugural address rektor freiburg printed noteworthy exception flair intricate terminology sein und zeit looks subtle system reminded students scholasticism originally catholic background early disciple distinguished colleague hand sum heidegger importance asserting introduced nietzsche philosophy heidegger surely false suggestion nietzsche considered mere literary figure put matter differently exceedingly difficult scholastic heidegger discussion death despair dread care previously unacademic subjects respectable
wide spread assumption united states avowed atheist eo ipso philosopher view founded association philosophy theology american colleges blinks fact hundred fifty important philosophers pantheists atheists agnostics english philosophy god played scarcely part bishop berkeley assigned odd role early eighteenth century british philosophers point disbelief sartre un british insistence relevance ideas makes double suspect mind compassionate venerable mortals buddha point lack belief essentially reason sartre differences scarcely striking buddha stressed despair suffering existentialists folly paint sartre image buddha saintly aggressively human preach disenchantment commitment nietzsche sartre remains faithful earth says begins side despair unlike buddha opposed reliance divine wanted realize complete responsibility final characteristic words according tradition salvation diligence diligence uncharacteristic existentialists buddha radical dictum dhammapada opens quintessence sartre thought result thought
sat smoked cigar lapsed thought thoughts remember going undertaking hand look literature celebrated names figures precious heralded coming prominence talked benefactors age benefit mankind making easier easier railways steamboats telegraph easily apprehended short recitals worth knowing finally true benefactors age spiritual existence virtue thought easier easier significant soliloquy interrupted cigar smoked lit smoked suddenly thought flashed mind limited capacities impossible easier humanitarian enthusiasm undertake harder notion pleased immensely flattered think rest loved esteemed community remains danger ease altogether want left felt want want difficulty love mankind despair embarrassing situation seeing accomplished unable easier moved genuine interest easy conceived task create difficulties
word prohibition follows word judgment thou shalt surely die means die adam course conceive assumes words prevent notion terrible beast able understand mimic expression movement speaker voice understanding word case lets prohibition awaken desire let word punishment awaken deterring conception confuses things terrible instance merely dread adam understood ambiguity dread infinite possibility able draws closer fact possibility possibility consequence innocence brought extremity dread relation prohibition punishment guilty dread lost psychology reach verify point observation human possibility freedom consist able choose evil thoughtfulness support scripture philosophy possibility means logical system convenient say possibility passes actuality reality easy intermediate determinant intermediate determinant dread explains qualitative leap justifies ethically dread determinant necessity freedom trammeled freedom freedom free trammeled necessity
socrates believed god held fast objective uncertainty passion inwardness precisely contradiction risk faith rooted objective uncertainty certainty objectively absurd absurdity held fast passion inwardness faith socratic ignorance witty jest comparison earnestness facing absurd socratic existential inwardness greek light mindedness comparison grave strenuosity faith absurd absurd eternal truth god born grown precisely individual human indistinguishable individuals suppose wishes acquire faith let comedy begin wishes faith wishes safeguard means objective inquiry approximation process happens help approximation process absurd probable increasingly probable extremely emphatically probable ready believe ventures claim believe shoemakers tailors simple folk believe deliberation ready believe lo precisely impossible believe probable probable extremely emphatically probable extremely emphatically impossible believe absurd object faith object believed suppose christianity absurd held fast passion infinite suppose refuses understood maximum understanding question understand understood
ask primal questions stand beginning questions answers part determined historical tradition find apprehend truth source historical tradition content truth depends appropriating historical foundation power generation lies rebirth handed wish slip forgotten philosophizing genuine thoughts arise source appropriation tradition proceeds intentness determinedly exist conditions clearly hear language past nearer feel glow history philosophy exists fundamental problem philosophizing demands concrete solution age philosophy tested characterized appropriates history truth present philosophy manifests formation fundamental concepts borderline situation encompassing sound makes audible thoughts merely theoretical contemplation history philosophy insufficient philosophy practice demand manner history studied entailed theoretical attitude real living appropriation contents texts apprehend thought indifference prevents appropriation knowledge concern knower comes content knowledge resurrection assimilation philosophy later ages lapse thought constant feature
times attempted systematic general psychopathology psychology weltanschauungen philosophy psychopathology present basis theory order findings basis total view matter developed methods research demonstrate consequent method system effect systematization methods purpose liberation dogmatic knowledge strengthening open vision research clear consciousness methods limitations means matter course scientific practice psychology weltanschauungen tried present systematically sum total human possibilities faith word views attitudes exuberant youthful contents acknowledge mine form inadequate meant let pass pure contemplation fact traced single truth conceived synthesis polarities demonstrated stream lapses voids inversions hidden philosophy misunderstood objectively descriptive psychology philosophy systematic approach arose methods transcending orientation means compelling transcendence consciousness apparency existents volume transcending basis aware means existenz clarification actually volume ii presuppositions transcending transcendence clear metaphysics
touched reality fundamental experience epoch ruins looking centuries beginnings greek antiquity felt end history crucial point called attention moment wanting survey meaning course history tried understand epoch economic technological political sociological terms kierkegaard nietzsche hand thought saw change substance kierkegaard looked christianity today enormous deception god held fool christianity testament ways maintain deception tricks conceal real conditions comes honestly confess misery truth today single individual born pass christian sense testament christian live pious softening christianity confession show true left honesty approval providence broken horror individuals arise support christianity testament nietzsche expressed historical situation epoch phrase god dead common historical judgment substance times saw nothingness knew substance lost willed nothingness kierkegaard presupposed truth possibility truth christianity nietzsche hand found atheism simply loss greatest opportunity common substance nobility
academic studies began winter theology university freiburg chief study theology left philosophy belonged curriculum volumes logical investigations lay desk theological seminary semester volumes belonged university library date due easily renewed obviously interest students environment foreign learned references philosophical periodicals thought determined franz brentano brentano dissertation manifold meaning aristotle chief help guide awkward attempts penetrate philosophy question concerned vague manner predicated manifold meanings leading fundamental meaning mean stay gymnasium stumbled book carl braig professor dogmatics freiburg university outline ontology published associate professor freiburg theological faculty larger sections give extensive text passages aristotle thomas aquinas suarez end addition etymology fundamental ontological concepts logical investigations expected decisive aid questions stimulated brentano dissertation efforts vain searching realized later remained fascinated read follow gaining sufficient insight fascinated
da sein projects basis hidden dread stand platzhalter finite resolution bring originally face face bottomlessly finalisation verendlichung dig existence freedom peculiar profoundest finality fails projection basis hidden dread overcoming totality transcendence enquiry lead straight metaphysics metaphysics derives greek quaint title later interpreted characterising sort enquiry goes trans metaphysics enquiry view winning totality understanding quest similar going conceived totality turns metaphysical question beginning questioning double characteristic metaphysical question embraces metaphysics question da sein questions caught question extent question span pervade metaphysics ancient times metaphysics expressed subject highly ambiguous proposition nihilo nihil fit comes proposition argued real problem brought explicitly prevailing notions riding fundamental concept classical metaphysics conceives signifying nichtseiendes say unformed matter powerless form present appearance
depends thinking thoughtful season achieved thinking implementing higher degree exertion directed point origin thinking posited beings representational illuminating supplanted kind thinking brought pass responsive attempts futile seek representational thinking remains metaphysical metaphysical effective action everyday public thoughtful thinking adequate involvement purer thinking stand eo ipso action recalling meant sense meant recalls meant makes inventions lead thinking find involvement truth human nature open path thinking recall truth thinking attempted service question concerning truth stop think human nature experience specifically mentioned demonstrated involves crucial conjecture view involvement human nature essential feature
christian side reproached deny reality seriousness human affairs ignore commandments god values prescribed eternal remains strictly voluntary likes incapable point view condemning point view action reproaches endeavor reply today entitled exposition existentialism humanism surprised mention humanism connection try sense understand case begin saying existentialism sense word doctrine render human doctrine affirms truth action imply environment human subjectivity essential charge laid course emphasis evil side human lately told lady lets slip vulgar expression moment nervousness excuses exclaiming believe existentialist appears ugliness identified existentialism say naturalistic strange scandalize horrify frightened humiliated nowadays properly called naturalism zola la terre sickened soon read existentialist appeal wisdom sad wisdom find sadder
quietism attitude say let doctrine presenting precisely opposite declares reality action goes adds purposes exists realizes sum actions understand horrified teaching resource sustain misery think circumstances worthy admit love friendship met woman worthy written books leisure children devote find lived remains wide range abilities inclinations potentialities unused perfectly viable endow worthiness inferred mere history actions reality existentialist love deeds love potentiality love manifested loving genius expresesd works art genius proust totality works proust genius racine series tragedies attribute racine capacity write tragedy precisely write commits draws portrait portrait
sisyphus death rashly wanted test wife love ordered cast unburied body middle public square sisyphus woke underworld annoyed obedience contrary human love obtained pluto permission return earth order chastise wife seen face enjoyed water sun warm stones sea longer wanted infernal darkness recalls signs anger warnings avail lived facing curve gulf sparkling sea smiles earth decree gods mercury seized impudent collar snatching joys led forcibly underworld rock ready grasped sisyphus absurd hero passions torture scorn gods hatred death passion won unspeakable penalty exerted accomplishing price paid passions earth told sisyphus underworld myths imagination breathe myth sees merely effort body straining raise huge stone roll push slope hundred times sees face screwed cheek tight stone shoulder bracing clay covered mass foot wedging fresh start arms outstretched wholly human security earth clotted hands
impulse create music sing dance leisure hours experimenting musical instrument deepest universal traits music important part culture tribe civilization involved history huge urban centers small villages areas tribal cultures survive thousands ago fast moving cultures children chant play mothers sing lullabies babies workers hum rhythm tasks communities special songs important occasions friends gather leisure music culture music pervasive inescapable child watching saturday morning cartoons teenager enjoying feature film adult viewing situation comedy hear music consciously listen tests shown school children able president country demonstrate awareness current events sing commercial jingles recognize theme music hit movies television shows learn presented form catchy tune note outset music place culture previous eras western civilization live highly technological age wondrous array gadgets exist thirty ago gadgets easy experience music playing records invented give access popular hits classical music ages music cultures sound track albums films original cast albums broadway musicals
thing sense hearing short bit musical performance recording timbre quality sound immediately recognize sound favorite singer group familiar combined sound band instrumental color barbra streisand sound roberta flack dolly parton voice sonic profile distinguishes voices unique sonic profile individual voices instruments results acoustic phenomenon called harmonic series musical note complex combination frequencies addition note hear prominent frequencies modify enrich phenomenon easiest understand vibrating string sound hear produced full length vibrating string string vibrates fractional lengths producing prominent sounds called overtones diagram illustrates string vibrates figure illustration harmonic series help understand works hit low piano note hear involved sound higher notes help color enrich basic sound figure color sound elicits response positive negative sounds voices instruments groups important remember responses conditioned scientific measure depict sounds pleasant unpleasant nowadays enjoy music medium recordings attending live performances acoustic qualities enjoy modified enhanced produced entirely electronic means
rhythm general term musical events arranged music deals visual arts deal space rhythm obviously crucial fundamental dimension music according psychologists basic music relates facets human source music appeal rapid busy rhythm sounds exciting tense slower rhythms sound tranquil peaceful analog body rhythms tension excitement hearts pulse rates speed body rhythms slow rest asleep rhythm general concept encompasses types arrangement including meter tempo listen musical selection hear series pulses beats major strong pulses arranged sets larger sets complex rhythm patterns allude consciously sets pulses feel term arrangement accented unaccented pulses meter songs discussed melody section common meter western art music popular styles meter sound music diagramed figure count beats say words metrical arrangement song important accented pulses beat unit measure secondary accent beat measure type duple meter metrical unit consisting pulses diagram primary accents marked underlines secondary accents
chant body music western art music tradition enormously complex varied body music sure composed centuries church existence fact composed improvised singers texts front able improvise mode chose remember notation ninth century notions early history chant necessarily conjectural christian liturgy designed model hebrew liturgy similarities hebrew christian chant assume western chant began hebraic model singers knew assortment standard lesson tones ways chanting passage scripture assortment phrases mode strung improvise musical piece fascinating history chant started improvisatory hebrew middle eastern roots westernized ninth tenth centuries chants composed sense musician sat text front wrote melody text sung later chants observe western compositional principles principles symmetry logical structure word painting total body chant hybrid group musical settings improvisatory style logically symmetrically constructed eastern flavor western chant course music specific purpose understand context order understand music mentioned organization medieval monastery earlier chapter
instrumental music late renaissance served variety functions instruments added pomp splendor royal processions ceremonies types added solemnity church services special occasions served variety functions important purposes instrumental music accompany dancing music written dancing necessarily takes number characteristics meter strongly emphasized tempo regular strictly maintained phrase structures regular symmetrical dances popular late renaissance solo performances stylized group dances performed members court dance manuals survive reconstruct actual movements steps music large assortment standard dances names details music concern significant fact standard types calling music meter tempo standard characteristics dances fallen fashion composers continued write instrumental music dance forms baroque composers wrote large amounts dance suits sets dance movements longer intended accompany dancing standard dance group late renaissance pavane galliard pavane dignified dance meter moderate tempo galliard rapid leaping dance meter contrasting meters appealed composers wrote pairs movements melodic harmonic material movements hear reconstruction dance suite sixteenth century performing group case ancient instrument ensemble zurich decides instruments add percussion composers bother write score ornament melodic line
johann sebastian bach giant western art music constitutes artistic achievements history western endless topic study source pleasure musicians listeners late baroque age consolidated perfected baroque musical forms treasured huge legacy religious music left music sincerity honest human emotion speaks eloquently listener regardless religious background commitment bach towering geniuses culture science fiction scenario society destroyed remnants culture saved bach mozart beethoven works try save bach international celebrity court composers born family church musicians thought light works published written performance filed carelessly scholars hard reconstruct body bach born eisenach north germany march raised older brother orphaned trained family profession church organist moved professional post church organist arnstadt age eighteen authorities church displeased bold harmonies introduced playing age twenty moved important post weimar served court organist concertmaster duke chapel remained post composed large number organ works church cantatas
joseph haydn composer hands symphony reached definitive classical form born rohrau small village lower austria child studied voice violin keyboard instruments talent singer led appointment choirboy cathedral st stephen vienna post held voice broke adolescence dismissal choir service haydn stayed vienna supporting freelance musician playing violin evening serenades popular city period studied music especially sonatas karl philip emmanuel bach forward looking sons bach gradus ad parnassum johann fux systematic course counterpoint basic text composers classic period nineteenth century short stint music director minor court czechoslovakia haydn engaged vice music director esterhazy court eisenstadt vienna appointed kapellmeister music director position put total charge fine court orchestra small private opera company marionette theater arrangement obligated compose music prince needed rehearse conduct performances haydn relationship princely patrons cited satisfactory productive patronge arrangements history haydn occasionally chafed isolation eisenstadt fruitful arrangement wrote music tremendous pace courts wanted listen music
symphony started serenade commissioned haffner family salzburg mozart written serenade nicknamed haffner piece requested mozart father shortly mozart moved vienna mozart complained snowed set orchestral pieces movement movement finished original consisted opening allegro movement andante minuets march finale early mozart asked father send music reworked present symphony movements remained intact march minuets dropped mozart reorchestrated remaining movements adding pairs flutes clarinets original group revised symphony performed march received movements consist versions sonata allegro structure combined structures elements theme variations form sonata structure considered sonata allegro rondo innovation wit important element classical composers dealt structure composers fond setting harmonic structural expectations diverting moment classical style generally symmetrical balanced unexpected twists turns obvious surprising typical audience reaction appreciative smile heightened awareness composer wit skill movement begins immediately aggressive theme consisting octave leaps descending scale figure
addition independent force piano orchestral texture profound effect form concerto form period romantic period related distinct symphonic form standard pattern movements sonata allegro movement lyric slow movement finale sonata allegro rondo theme variations form missing symphonic structure minuet trio movement remnant baroque stylized dance forms dramatic intense symphonic movements interesting speculate minuet dropped concerto retained symphony string quartet reasonable assume answer lies nature concerto inherently dramatic structures pitting soloist orchestra minuet lend medium numerous repetitions minuet trio structure provided opportunity exploitation varied color possibilities addition solo instrument makes movement sonata allegro structure considerably longer complex baroque solo concerto concerto grosso generally movement forms design simply retained classical concerto movement special concerto adaptation sonata allegro structure developed concerto version form rigid mold symphonic model standard tendencies develop main accommodate concerto medium double exposition orchestra presents main thematic materials soloist varied form idiomatic instrument ornamented
career hector berlioz illustrate aims intensity artistic romantic era musical works written literary themes exemplifying perfectly romantic notion music supreme art place arts joined brought highest form berlioz born small town grenoble father country doctor planned medical career son boy musical instruction small amount theory training lessons flute guitar eighteen paris study medicine dropped school pursue interest music eventually enrolling study conservatoire paris concentrated study scores operas past fell madly love harriet smithson irish actress starred touring shakespeare troupe married youthful ardor cooled early marriage productive working composer conductor wrote musical criticism parisian journals published important treatise orchestration articles musical topics writings english translations memoires fascinating reading give insight romantic mind berlioz achieved paris kind recognition thought deserved french readers respected literary figure music accepted germany russia tours countries conductor successful worst frustration postponement opera les troyens trojans presented entirety lifetime died disappointed
facets chopin style understand appreciate music structures fairly simple develop themes motivically beethoven presents idea constrasting idea foreground elements important melodies harmonic touches varied instrument structure clear approach rhythm individual waltzes dance music music loses meaning expressive power played strict requires performer rubato subtle approach rhythm shifts sensitively romantic techniques rubato playing hard master easy overdo music sense overdone deprives music rhythmic drive forward propulsion music lifeless performances chopin music vary considerably performer performer interesting compare subtle differences performances piece chopin music solo piano exhibits variety composed lyric miniatures singing melodic lines etudes stretch limits instrument performer waltzes bittersweet charm nocturnes impressionistic gentleness dramatic show stopping recital pieces works studied performed pianists require mature sensitivity variety touch expression perfect technical control speeds dynamic levels developed possibilities piano single composer romantic composers piano learned approach composing instrument renewal interest music historians romantic music general ways romantic composers worked
opera opens party violetta meets alfredo verdi famous drinking songs sung end act conveniently goes offstage leaving violetta onstage muse sudden passion feels contrary cynical pursuit pleasure rest act soliloquy feelings big number opera occupies stage minutes scenes opera begins quietly recitative singing surprise strength sudden love aria section minor gentle hesitant crescendo note section leads section major repeats love music alfredo sang earlier accepting love note lyric emphasis line describes love croce delizia torture delight sudden shift mood dismisses thing madness follie angry dramatic section recitative final aria section sempre libera flat reasserts vow pursue pleasure cost avoiding including love interfere freedom section completely earlier sections fast assertive slow melting nice dramatic touch hear alfredo singing love theme offstage moment violetta hesitates moved shorter version follie recitative section reasserts devil care attitude repeats sempre libera section aflredo sings phrases love theme stop violetta goes florid singing
jazz unique important native american art form ambiguous relationship popular music jazz began style popular music generally regarded sophisticated art music class pop music jazz improvised music involving risk creativity pop music highly individual art form forsaking mass appeal personal expression authenticity jazz devoted fans specialized knowledgeable elite group jazz fm stations large cities audience jazz small comparison larger pop audience difficult separate jazz entirely popular music occasionally jazz artist breaks pop artists run risk written sellouts devoted jazz fans groups exist pure jazz pop worlds chapter treat jazz pop related parallel developments sophisticated styles jazz emerged separation pop music musically fascinating deserving study chapter interested major developments worlds jazz popular music spring vacuum built developments place earlier days american revolution popular patriotic songs hymns songs half nineteenth century developments took place influence later history jazz popular music important development period civil war rise vaudeville forms popular musical entertainment
big news fifties course rock roll important style eagerly absorbed teenagers violently opposed parents outgrowth rhythm blues exclusively black style music rhythm blues songs generally twelve bar blues pattern simple harmonies strong rhythmic underpinnings lyrics consisted subtle double entendres sexual matters songs recorded specialized companies urban black market played equally specialized small radio stations rock roll slightly cleaned white version rhythm blues commercial mass white audience crucial appeal energy strong rhythm borrowed black style establishment opposition wicked music designed undermine morality western civilization helped popular bill haley comets fats domino buddy holly jerry lee lewis pioneers style undisputed king rock roll course elvis presley slicked hair pouting expression stage acrobatics focus adoration young fans opposition parents schools churches presley rock roll country music performances illustrated clearly influence country music rock roll style presley sold millions millions records enormously wealthy star films played girl end presley appeared ed sullivan television show sullivan insisted presley shown waist pelvic gyrations upset censors outrage adult viewers
big band jazz recorded studio date combined bands duke ellington count basie big bands number ellington repertoire features ellington basie soloists play ensemble parts big bands added elements small ensemble jazz arranger wrote ensemble sections larger number virtuoso soloists excitement large reed brass sections generate ellington activity gathered fine composer arrangers billy strayhorn composer train ellington successful personnel unusually periods built ensemble played person provided ample room soloists building improvisation basis jazz wrote numbers improvisation music symphonic conception scope tune jazz side improvised choruses illustrates unique ensemble sound big bands unusual touches marked ellington music wild begins unusual thing hear complex latin afro cuban beat drums played hand tambourine rhythm established flute clarinet play simple repetitive melody accompaniment percussion radical shift rhythm basic pulse complex latin rhythm dissolves swinging jazz tempo familiar territory twelve bar blues twelve choruses pattern played ensemble soloist alternating phrases entirely soloists accompanied rhythm section
argument suppressed premise passenger automobile look gauge observed driver say stop gasoline case speaker hearer aware condition suppressed premise conclusion based noted illustration lends suppressing conclusion suppose passenger looks gauge remarks driver gas gauge registers empty case driver fill conclusion premise leads stop gasoline logical argument possibly representative logical arguments encountered logic students mid semester grades generally provide student indication performing course require calculate tabulate spent instructor generally demanding errors enrollment cleared result mid semester grades mark halfway point course provide goal strive reward attainment additionally mid semester grade report information advisors parents learn student progressing academically learn subjects studied problems recognzied result mid semester grades result problem solved end semester semester lost case indication afforded mid semester grade report significant reasons mid semester grades discontinued reasons conclusive
specimen discourse argumentative reader hearer aware amiss argument truncated conclusion related premise statements repetitious appeal emotion awareness generally marks fallacious argument conclusion follow premise premises logical fallacies isolated catalogued aristotle fallacies classified general heading fallacies ambiguity fallacies insufficient evidence exposition fallacies include general groupings fallacies fallacies similar nature listed contiguously primarily purpose comparison contrast common fallacies called argumentum ad hominem argumentum ad hominem means argument directed fallacy person group denigrated manner leaving untouched person group viewpoint examples argumentum ad hominem mistaken economic policy indicted federal grand jury joan views nuclear power mistaken implicated marijuna operation home tu quoque means literally fallacy committed charges opponent thing argument advanced conclusion failure public official retorts administrator examples tu quoque fallacy joan harold speak loudly hard hearing
similar post hoc fallacy fallacy hasty generalization post hoc fallacy causal connection fallacy seen causal link insufficient warrant determination causation title fallacy generalizes hastily committing fallacy premature imputing causality insufficient incidents conclusion based incidents representative entire category examples fallacy hasty generalization studied hours studied hours examination mistake studying hours result heard today friends received speeding tickets police weekend weeks ago acquaintance received ticket speeding police strict nowadays composition fallacy committed attribute quality found instances attributed entire class fallacy differs slightly hasty generalization fallacy hasty generalization instances examined generalization composition fallacy instances need appealed appealed affirmed total class observed particulars examples composition fallacy human mortal entire species end debate team champion prep school entire debate team conference champion
art history sciences historical disciplines knowing thing classified art historians resemble experienced travelers learn discriminate styles peculiar places travelers expect style maine woods riviera seen places peoples art historians familiar monuments ease appreciate experience broadens discrimination perception distinctive differences travelers location contributes unique quality charm town students art viewing historical dimension convinced peculiar significance quality charm function making historical placing art visibly tangibly present irrelevant appreciation art historical knowledge art direct experience answers lie fact uninstructed appreciators matter sincere approach esthetic presuppositions presuppositions tantamount prejudices appreciation genuine wrong reasons fact undiscerning indiscriminate dozens works art viewed savor individual significance quality
precarious furtive cave dwelling hunter later nomadic herdsman development agriculture widespread domestication animals succeeded sedentary predictable ordered village farmers technological revolutions times leap food gathering food production brought significant transformation human condition mesopotamia asia minor egypt complex forms human community created cities city states kingdoms formal religion codes law developed regulate relationships gods writing invented numbers art calculation courses stars plotted order predict seasons times planting harvesting architecture sculpture painting flourished service kingly magnificence sacred books judaism christianity produced shadow mighty hostile empires legacy israel contributed formation western spirit preserved vicissitudes remarkable greeks emerged called specifically western intelligence respect reason scientific inquiry physical concept nature humanistic view city states greece seats commerce government loyalties citizens social educative local religious bases city states athens democracy limited form evolved twenty hundred ago athens government largely hands council citizens chosen lot kind legislative assembly composed citizens citizenship extend women slaves nearly half population
civilizations emerged special character forward history record birth development disappearance civilizations rise decline peoples states nations mighty contrasting civilizations bordering eastern mediterranean region drama western mankind truly begins fertile lower valley tigris euphrates found equivalent garden eden celebrated genesis part mesopotamian tradition learned art irrigation degree control floods possibility creating oasis realized turbulence history strongly suggests land promise hitherto unknown abundance enormously attractive dawn recorded history lower mesopotamian valley occupied sumerians origin puzzles ancient history agricultural learned control floods built strong walled towns uruk biblical erech modern warka lagash modern al centuries semitic nomad shepherds western desert adopted agriculture absorbed sumerian culture built cities farther north kish akkad mari babylon centuries dominion oscillated peoples semites produced mightiest kings sargon hammurabi early paleolithic caves evidence effort control environment picture magic appearance sumerians beginning recorded history older magic replaced religion gods benevolent malevolent personified forces nature contended destructively hopes designs
end minoan origins mycenaean cultures debated primitive greeks moved mainland palaces built crete beginning millennium doubtless influenced crete believe mainland minoan colony mainlanders developed held cultural features rate mycenaean power rose mainland palmy days palaces crete splendid culture flourishing greece later homer give epithet rich gold mycenaeans close contact era crete egypt allied hittites early part kingdom mycenaeans taste gold actual treasure acquired mercenary service egypt known ancient lavish metal awakening mycenaean consequence kind route influence connecting mainland crete egypt destruction cretan palaces left mycenaean mainland culture supreme waves migrating greek peoples dorians finally submerged mycenaean civilization steady infiltration peoples fortress architecture unlike case crete fortified citadels mainland overwhelmed invaders heroes battles centuries aegean civilization provided tradition hundreds later homer immortalize european epics iliad odyssey
think companion figures kouroi youths draped korai maidens contemporaneous manifesting style similar features concept design peplos kore fig contemporary kroisos numerous figures found acropolis athens thrown persians sack city purpose obscure votive figures attending deities kind permanent perpetual ritual contrast earlier types face kore expressively modeled chin cheeks corners mouth subtly planed eyes originally painted lids intended hypnotic power thinks ancient head warka fig missing left arm extended break frontal compression arms sides egyptian statues body modeled soft smoothness takes account figure beneath drapery earlier hera samos deal anatomically real traces paint seen parts figure greek stone statues painted powder white classical statues error modern interpretation greeks smear statues garishly bright colors indifferent place effect decisive parts eyes lips hair edges drapery painted provide accents contrast color soft marble waxed polished purpose coloring statue lifelike convincing kind person confronting visitor shrines acropolis
porch maidens south porch erechtheum called caryatids dominating feature fig brings mind earlier ionic caryatid design treasury siphnians fig comparison unlike siphnian caryatids south porch erechtheum carry full entablature consists architrave cornice topmost fascia architrave decorated medallions simulate missing frieze deliberate proportional adjustment undertaken sculptors erechtheum figures avoid effect seen siphnian caryatids look overloaded entablature sculptors aware figures graceful attitude dimension scarcely harmonize massive architectural superstructure presumed supporting technical esthetic reasons erechtheum adjustment weight full entablature borne siphnian caryatids case load necks figures weakest point esthetic considerations persuasive find classical architect sculptor balancing wonderfully trained judgment realities structure necessities ideal beauty figures rigidity suggest structural columnar degree flexibility suggest living body compromise superbly brought corner figures determine stance representing weight falling outer leg figures repeat pose legs carrying weight bent knee determine architectural verticals disturb natural plumb line straightness
grandiose imperial designs early empire course reflected architecture conspicuously stable conditions produced pax romana romanization provinces urbanism planning building cities played process principal role rapid growth population especially city population mentioned reason escape suburban villa pressure population city sprawling atrium house wasteful space obsolete rome population close million housed multistory apartment blocks insulae built maximum legal height stories sixty seventy feet high accommodated percent rome population inhabitants ostia port city rome housed apartment houses preserved level story built brick faced concrete ground floors occupied shops apartments accessible individual staircases apartments substantially spacious today suites twelve rooms arranged levels reconstruction ostian insula fig shows apartment blocks built central court larger courts landscaped contained small shrine apparently apartments balconies standard feature modern italian apartment houses deluxe apartments private toilets served community latrines ground floor insulae private baths public baths conveniently located quarters city equipped highly developed heating systems private houses apartments lacked
anarchy century eighteen claimants struggled throne empire divided number small weak states brought end vigorous leader diocletian diocletian saw impossibility ruling vast empire continual german persian attacks north east countless revolts provinces restored political order dividing authority persons tetrarchs including prime mover diocletian appointed coruler called augustus augusti adopted assistant slightly lower rank caesar augustus caesar ruled east pair west political control restored fatal precedent set division authority empire constantine diocletian system ruled practice begun dividing empire personal property emperor sons crippling divisive custom middle ages divisive constantine founding city named constantinople istanbul site ancient greek city byzantium led inevitably decline city rome shift imperial emphasis east byzantium later civilization eastern roman empire reign theodosius end fourth century empire irreparably divided emperors east constantinople continued centuries claim west claims vain century barbarians took power west ostrogoths italy vandals africa visigoths spain franks burgundians gaul angles saxons britain
early century visigoths king alaric threatened overrun italy emperor honorius moved capital crumbling empire ravenna ancient roman harbor italy adriatic coast eighty miles south venice city surrounded swamps easily defended imperial authority survived fall rome alaric honorius died reins government half sister galla placidia biography reads outrageously exaggerated adventure story galla placidia died twenty weak successors deposed ravenna fell odoacer eventually chosen theodoric greatest king capital ostrogothic kingdom encompassed balkans italy short history unfortunate successors importance city declined byzantine general belisarius conquered ravenna emperor justinian led city important stage history reunited eastern empire ravenna remained sacred fortress byzantium foothold italy conquest successively lombards franks enjoyed greatest cultural economic prosperity reign justinian eternal city rome threatened complete extinction repeated sieges conquests sackings seat byzantine dominion italy ruled byzantine governors exarchs ravenna culture extension constantinople art byzantine capital survived architecture clearly reveals transition early christian byzantine style
original art germanic peoples abstract decorative geometric organic nature confined decoration small portable objects weapons items personal adornment bracelets pendants belt buckles characteristic produced considerable numbers tribes fibula decorative pin fasten garments fig fibulae bronze silver gold profusely decorated inlaid precious semiprecious stones entire surface objects covered decorative patterns reflecting horror vacui common art primitive cultures note decorative patterns carefully adjusted basic shape object adorn describe amplify form structure organic part object highly disciplined abstract functional type decorative design wedded animal style early centuries medieval era pre historic origin animal style reasserted luristan bronzes fig ninth eighth centuries dominant element artistic repertoire scythians passed gothic overlords century goths main transmitters style readily adopted germanic tribes application severely controlled native germanic sense order design abstracted point absolute integration dominantly geometric patterns zoomorphic elements frequently unrecognizable examine fibula fig carefully discover terminates animal head art germanic expressed primarily metalcraft
predatory pagan vikings settled northwest france conversion christianity tenth century proved skilled administrators builders astounding rapidity absorbed lessons learned ottonian architecture develop progressive romanesque styles major source evolution gothic architecture church st etienne caen normandy generally considered master model norman romanesque architecture begun william normandy conqueror completed buried west facade fig striking design looks forward tower facades later gothic churches large buttresses divide bays correspond nave aisles interior triple division towers buttresses progressively greater piercing walls lower upper stages spires later gothic feature tripartite division employed facade vertically horizontally organizing close knit integrated design reflects careful methodical planning entire structure cathedral speyer st etienne originally planned wooden roof beginning walls articulated alternating rhythm simple half columns alternating shafts attached pilasters mirrors precise square schematism building plan figs alternate support system effectively utilized significantly later speyer milan decided cover nave vaults original installation motivated esthetic structural concerns
gothic term derision renaissance critics scorned lack conformity gothic art standards classical greece rome invented cursed wrote mistakenly thought style originated goths responsible destruction true classical style thirteenth fourteenth centuries referred gothic cathedrals opus modernum modern opus francigenum frankish recognized structures towered towns style building decoration original confidence faith regarded cathedrals real image city god heavenly jerusalem privileged build earth strong contrasts gothic romanesque environment point view romanesque society dominated uncertainties inherent anarchical tendencies feudalism barons countryside abbeys enjoyed total independence conflict claims privilege led constant warfare gothic society feudal comparatively ordered feudalism powerful barons able kings monarchy especially england france asserted strongly limit independence lesser lords church centralized government established law order instilled confidence walks cities entirely built foundations roman began thrive strong allied common defense powerful defy kings emperors walls escaped land find freedom air city breath freedom slogan
tokugawa shoguns maintained static stratified society result class developed distinctive culture center plebeian culture yoshiwara entertainment area edo popular idols talented courtesans teahouses actors kabuki theater kabuki popular lusty form drama developed response demand intelligible easily enjoyed theater highly stylized plays patronized exclusively nobility small number nouveau riche eventually provided endless subjects art form style genre painting beginning considerable influence western art nineteenth century art known pictures floating passing largely centered kyoto end seventeenth century center production shifted edo medium predominantly woodblock print reflected tastes pleasures bourgeoisie emerging feudal society woodblock device printing invented china ang dynasty technique introduced japan eighth century employed chiefly reproduce inexpensive religious souvenirs charms seventeenth century chinese woodblock book illustrations inspired production low priced illustrated guidebooks yoshiwara district art block printing ultimately developed eighteenth century triumph collaboration artist selected commissioned publisher prepared design ink merely adding color notations specialist woodcutting transferred lines blocks printing
zones jungle highlands coast central andean region south america coast highlands served homes highly developed andean cultures coastal zone narrow desert plain transected fertile valleys dryness resulted preservation organic burial offerings degree rarely encountered highland zone lies andean cordillera massive ranges occasionally broken habitable high altitude valleys zones lie area composing modern peru evidence millenium cult began grow height prevailed portions coast highland areas cult called chavin ceremonial center chavin de located northern highlands consists number stone faced pyramidal platforms penetrated narrow passageways small chambers sunken court chavin de famed stone sculpture architecture consisting sunken relief panels lintels columns rarer instances sculpture round sculpture linear quality free standing sculpture represented immense cult image center oldest structure heads mythological creatures tenoned exterior walls glance subject matter chavin stone carving appears exhibit considerable variety consistently emphasis composite creatures combine feline avian reptilian human features raimondi stone named discoverer representative late variant chavin stone carving fig lower stone figure called staff god depicted holding staffs versions encountered columbia northern bolivia seldom degree elaboration found chavin
relative abundant records western art historical depth arts oceania archeologists linguists sorting migration routes language racial distributions early aspects stone age technology social organization thousands islands oceania conventionally divided culture areas polynesia melanesia micronesia polynesia area settled inhabitants brought complex sociopolitical religious institutions general homogeneity style lacking melanesia despite relative isolation island groups centuries prior european exploration polynesian societies typically aristocratic ritual specialists elaborate political organizations headed chiefs polynesian art forms served means upholding spiritual power mana vested nobility channeled ancestral cults melanesia certainly settled early art forms suggest varied overlays style symbolism brought series migrations art styles numerous extremely varied typical melanesian societies democratic polynesian unstratified cults art forms address host nature legendary ancestral spirits masks absent polynesia central melanesian spirit cults elaborate festivals masks art forms displayed occur frequency micronesia contrast areas visual material discussed rich arts australia distinct areas included discussions oceanic art mentioned briefly polynesian artists excelled carving figural sculptures wood stone ivory sizes ranging gigantic fabled stone images easter island tiny ivory marquesan ear plugs inch
view argument act arguing speaker audience subject matter purpose speakers argument marx engels writing known communist revolutionaries audiences accept authorities treat adversaries audience address sort oppose communists reproach positions speakers treat audience opponents defeated reassured persuaded subject matter argument argument case arguing specifically legitimate grounds arguments bourgeoisie communists purpose show common grounds reasoned argument argument aims silence opposition giving argument view argument product act arguing written object hearing reading understood accepted rejected evaluated criticized reasoned argument act arguing produces argued conclusion argued reasons offered accepting conclusion called premises conclusion argument speaker wants audience accept assent believe marx engels claim able argue abolition bourgeois property basis bourgeois principles conclusion argument reason claim principles granted communists attacking worth bourgeois understanding property
sound argument finds basis limits language audience prefer sound argument unsound expresses granted language unsound argument proves effective effectively masquerades sound argument argument appears rely limits language require understanding basis sound argument language rhetorician construct arguments members speech community granted unmask unsound arguments opponents showing misrepresent conditions required language began analysis arguments acts produce objects contexts abstracted object act context order consider relation reasons premises conclusions object argument step abstraction led distinguishing takes place argument object logical force takes place argument object persuasive force expose logical force works abstraction form content let valid inference based formal structure let validity sound argument led turn exposition preliminary canons sound argument consistency clarity accuracy coherence relevance serve guide explorations soundness remainder book finally took note soundness effectiveness find common roots language ongoing concerns soundness related effectiveness remainder book build bare bones structure argument chapters flesh content chapters cover expressions language chapter
exclusive disjunction power implies logically restricted allow truth clauses seeking power going inclination inclusive sense speak terms inclusive disjunction seldom terms stipulated distinction expression logical difference match ordinary avoid trap fallacy exclusive disjunction involved inference tell sense involved broke law didn problem sense broke law sense cream lemon matter social propriety understand exclusive matter logical necessity money hope intention exclusiveness part speaker turn purse lecher lush suggest exclusiveness number refer conjunctive logical connection expressed variety grammatical conjunctions couple clauses summing fashion logical conjunction clauses true true simplification infer clause conjunction clauses addition validly infer truth simple clause truth inclusive disjunction clause true false
completed step iii carrying plan need examine solution anticipated inconsistency disappointed examing completed table find consistent values allow premises true suggest argument valid don hasty carrying plan found possibilities argument force relevant conclusion true contradiction conclusion suggests understanding problem argument invalid plan line truth table check invalidity carry plan need construct line truth table conclusion included mark premises true conclusion false determine consistent truth values simple basic tactic completing table false true added determinant true false meeting conditions completing table values shows argument invalid examining solution obtained conditions reveal fully weakness argument according structure argument blacks competent hard stuff information prove critically evaluate detail aspects wrong argument model problem solving arriving strategy involves understanding problem devising plan carrying plan looking solution
ideal sorting kinds universe discourse resulting classification complete discrete complete relevant consideration place classification discrete classification classified according kind classification schemes approximate ideal classifying animals remains quesiton microscopic organisms animals question completeness duckbilled platypus bird beast question discreteness classified things according kinds turn classify kinds things according kinds george human human beings animals chicago city city geographic location population unit minimum size classify kinds things according degrees classifying things call grading familiar grading eggs quality grade grade aa stores size small medium large extra large jumbo obvious difference sorting grading admits degrees eggs classified large larger classification color red hue closer center range spectrum designate red intensity saturation options action simply bad worse political attitudes simply liberal conservative language invites treat grading terms classification tempted treat matters degree matters kind
important recognize square opposition assumes classes predications non empty member practically trivial condition terms empty classes seldom arguments theoretically crucial square opposition break golden mountains golden tautologously true knows member class golden mountains claim interpretation categorical particulars leaves statements correspond original statements false results breakdown inference pattern square contradiction odd instance failure abide assumption existence making inferences called existential fallacy remainder book simply granted classes empty notice discussion argued communists socialists true definition infer socialists communists simply inference subalternation involves conversion subject predicate terms notice patterns conversion legitimate validly infer communists socialists socialists communists need sort works gain tools avoid traps inference statement asserted subject class included predicate class lets member subject class accounted statement hand portion predicate class intersects subject class accounted statement
restatement exposes form exposes cumulative effect easy generalization serve quantification statement easier shift claiming slightly justified significantly harsh treatment imposed deserving hatred countrymen predicated class considered exposes slight difference important easy generalizations uncritically plausible critically predication hatred invites cumulative effect suspect order stated argument steamroller effect beginning premise offensive major term deserving hatred countrymen begins statement fact relates premise generalizations reservations premise insufficient audiences withhold assent step argument readily follows audience confronted conclusion implausible stop follows logically step conceding point step conceded step steamroller gained momentum slow rolls sorites expressed order likely similar steamroller effects generalizations open criticism strengthening soundness lead strengthening effectiveness conclusion implausible reasons convincing entirely sort dealing directly character veterans
sorting facts fictions apply qualifications real true factual things events assertions say real hamlet knew ophelia factual elizabeth lovers thomas seymour wasn force emphasis contrast concession carry implied readiness offer evidence claim historical polonius children suffice evidence claim real hamlet thomas seymour executed elizabeth reached puberty give credence claim factual elizabeth tendency fact disvalue fiction qualification true real lends honorific force find working persuasive definitions actual contrast true gentleman false real art unreal qualifications reach absurdity stock jokes genuine imitations don regard things distinct fact contrary fact need distinction fact factual imply valuable valuable imply factual lead infer fact unrelated evaluations determiners description knowledge facts alter commitments values true things things true
appeal causal conditions aspect evidence requires critical scrutiny true generalizations scientifically fruitful interesting true piece furniture room cm tall nature furniture room requires condition furniture floor ceiling describe terms weight gravity mutual attraction bodies curvature space depending understanding law gravity understanding understand physical objects tables chairs act law ways relation physical objects rooms ceilings floors law character generalizations notion causal relations conditions appeals conditions account regularity causal condition temporal condition true ordinarily think coming effects suppose comes event event concomitant variation change event change requirement causal relation give account relation causal relation logical relation case appeal give account happened water boiled heated water rose tub archimedes sat tub light rainbow newton refracted prism accounts give reasons effects
area exploration role evidence argument abrupt change statistics concerned figures figures lead spoken written word letter evidence shapes images general extensive character sort figures involved figurative language relation figures statistics stretch sense figurative question postpone explore ways evidence argument suggested similarity contrast literal sense expression figurative common helpful misleading literal sticks letter figurative goes letter suggested figures images give literal report give report word word letter letter presumedly intonation intonation literal meaning literal extended reporting verbal written expressions reporting observations facts things suggests turn contrast descriptive illustrative imaginative observational emotional contrasts led suppose science literal poetry figurative derivative literal problematic lead suppose endeavours literally divided ways talk literal sense word goes giving word sense word expression implications associations intensions connotations
words strands rope overlap seldom coincide ranges reference couch sofa interchangeably couches backs called sofas sofas high overstuffed backs called couches coincide ranges application frequency vary differently range frequently refer thing synonyms high degree overlap range similarity frequency coincidence highly unlikely persuasive force relies connotations connected subtle differences intension dictionaries outline differences skinny slim slender synonyms skinny connotes undernourished emaciated slim slender connote trim fit slim masculine connotations slender feminine difference sexist concerns euphemisms special case synomyms shift negative positive connotations euphemism literally voice hiding harsh adverse repulsive sounding words passed serves synonym died connotes continuence termination indigent substituted poor hides ugly fact dignified term urinate defecate pass muster talk bodily elimination social contexts earthy letter synonyms taboo euphemisms potential persuasive force easing speaker past upsetting matters want call attention audiences backfire sound evasive phony definition genus difference complicated devices method ideally suited defining common nouns stand classifications
tasks clarification construal clarity turn broad call variety skills critical exposition developed book background understanding argument works undertaken obscurity discerned standpoint audience step clarification recognize failed understand conjunction critical sensitivity failed understand locate problem give place anatomy argument feature act obscurity arguing aim subject matter arguing audience combination feature product confusion arguing conclusion reasons inability inference pattern feature contexts problem granted fits context discourse relies applies give situation explorations rely beginning argument localizing problem times beginning argument sorting find obscure clarified obscurity putting larger picture need begin analysis problem localized level understanding word phrase dictionary attempting paraphrase words likely clear problem
found argument smoking tobacco structural exposition meet standards sound ifnerence adding hypothetical required sound inference simply shifted attention inference evidence commitment requires ask reasons evidently true combined force sufficient force commitment conclusion putting question commitment conclusion commitment reasons reasonably accept reasons reject conclusion crucial argument physiological fact undercuts supposed psychological need smoking nervousness alleviating acknowledged hard impossible accept reasons reject conclusion force logical necessity valuation imply obligation logically strong argument provided reasons acknowledged relevant commitments account evaluate soundness requires elaborate analysis evaluate distinct line relations lines parts cohesiveness compound arguments number implicit suppositions exposed let begin evaluation line inferences straight forward move attention getters bold type picture claims stated start obvious reason doubt evidence facts surprising analysis ii inference pattern clear premise conclusion
heart controversy cases recurring pregnancies pose danger whatsoever health mother unwanted variety reasons convenience family planning economics dislike children embarrassment illegitimacy common claim reasons reason asserting claiming threat health woman entitled abortion request able find medical advisor willing undertake procedure court part sustains position period prior fetus viable constitution united states values convenience whim caprice putative mother potential fetus constitution guarantees abortion law policy seeking protect fetus abortion prompted compelling reasons mother due respect dissent find language history constitution support court judgment court simply fashions announces constitutional pregnant mothers scarcely reason authority action invests sufficient substance override existing abortion statutes upshot legislatures states constitutionally disentitled weigh relative importance continued existence development fetus hand spectrum impacts mother hand exercise raw judicial power court authority today view judgment improvident extravagant exercise power judicial review constitution extends court
understanding precedes production principle development understand foreign language produce thing true mathematical proofs football strategies true steps development logical force took working book production facilitates understanding related principle learn understanding seldom feedback productive engagement learn game playing knowledge books collection matters treated earlier help getting started began framework understanding argument framework ready produce argument beginning act need ask audience issue hope accomplish shifting contexts need ask granted commitments suppositions audience circumstances situation discourse argument wish produce need ask conclusion reasonably hope audience accept circumstances reasons give convince accept analyzing arguments constructing arguments begin attending aspects framework end taking account give sense order construction heuristic advantage minimum translation discovery techniques construction techniques compare outline determine issue subject matter want accomplish relate audience
philosophy employs rational thought seek knowledge understanding claim enterprises physicists physicians economists mathematicians biologists political scientists seek sort understanding differ primarily seek understand special kinds problems deal express distinction philosophy areas rational thought philosophy seeks knowledge understanding ideas concepts attempts solve problems arise failure understand say ideas concepts abbreviated saying ways thinking things definitions basic beliefs nature things terms processes need clarification explanation fail understand concepts kinds problems result gain clearer understanding deal problems let consider basic kinds philosophical problems describe kind problem discuss examples fail understand concepts steps improve understanding deal problems arise lack philosophical problems involve question concept applies kinds situations order understand claim need consider means say concept applies concept able think kind thing idea sort thing person think trees numbers touchdowns person concept trees concept numbers concept touchdowns
ambiguity vagueness undesirable explanations ambiguity expression employed explanans explanandum familiar result explanation divided portions dealing meaning ambiguous expression real connection portions explanations flaw abandoned altogether vagueness argument applies case explanation precise function context goals explanation situations degrees imprecision tolerated fail precise purposes explanation undertaken introduce flaw explanation vagueness attempt explanation turn generally agreed statements explanation consistent true simultaneously agreement philosophers statements explanation actually true claim explanation satisfactory statements explanans true argue reasons accepting explanations major statements explanans false reason aim explanations clear terms believe takes place explanation achieve sort clarity outstanding success familiar beliefs based actually false point view success explanations measured relative background beliefs standard absolute truth
step clearer character moral responsibility hold responsible give credit blame praise rebuke hand rewards punishments point practices engage think acted differently wish commend choices condemn bad simply want influence causally determine future behavior providing motives increasing kinds behavior decreasing kinds question reward punishment question justice deserved efficiency produce desired behavioral effects frequently discuss rewards punishments function regulate behavior awarded point view rewards punishments part system determine human behavior considerations incline accept reject act think held responsible behavior acted tend excuse responsibility persons say truly couldn help tend accept causal explanations actual behavior evidence behavior function insanity defense law show defendant deeds accused effects abnormal condition point view tempting accept choose
let suppose established commits murder previous week eaten combination foods say tuna fish salad meal including peas mushroom soup blueberry pie track factors common murders committed country twenty found factor present course empirically absurd combination factors regularly leads homicide specific factors discovered won clear foolish pointless immoral hold human beings responsible crimes prefers biological psychological factors suppose neurologist called testify murder trial produces ray pictures brain criminal argues cella turcica calcified age nineteen flexible bone growing enabling gland grow defendant disorders resulted early calcification explanation empirically false say factors complex sure exist things longer feel tempted say criminal responsible crime tend excuse legally confine prison morally longer call monster hold personally responsible general merely case crime excuse grandmother irritable ill suffering pain
say suppose exists extremely powerful speak malignant endeavours directed deceiving affirm possess attributes lately spoken belonging nature body attentively considering mind find properly belong recount idle tedious let pass attributes soul mentioned powers nutrition walking true body true likewise capable walking nourished perception attribute soul perception impossible body frequently sleep believed perceived objects observed reality perceive thinking attribute soul discover properly belongs inseparable exist think happen wholly cease think altogether cease admit necessarily true precisely speaking thinking thing mind mens sive animus understanding reason terms signification unknown real thing existent thing
premised wholly impossible absolutely prove presence absence consciousness brain analogy justified assuming existence accident spinal cord divided limbs paralysed volition concerned point injury incapable experiencing states consciousness uninjured excited irritation nerves injury spinal cord divided middle skin feet cut pinched burned wetted vitriol sensation touch pain arising inconsciousness concerned part central nervous system lies injury cut consciousness admitted think fit maintain spinal cord injury conscious cut means making consciousness known consciousness brain means driving position logic assuredly proving brain spinal cord injured consciousness remains intact irritation parts injury longer represented sensation hand pressure anterior division brain extensive injuries abolish consciousness highly probable conclusion consciousness depends integrity anterior division brain middle hinder divisions brain rest nervous centres
let consider position point simple notion yellow simple notion manner means explain yellow explain definitions kind asking definitions describe real nature object notion denoted word merely tell word mean object notion question complex give definition horse horse properties qualities enumerate enumerated reduced horse simplest terms longer define terms simply think perceive think perceive definition nature known objected able describe objects seen thought instance understand chimaera heard seen tell animal lioness head body goat head growing middle snake place tail object describing complex object entirely composed parts perfectly familiar snake goat lioness manner parts put meant middle lioness tail wont grow
view adopted utilitarian philosophy nature moral sense correct difficulty present influences form moral character hold principle consequences improvement education feeling unity fellow creatures doubted christ intended deeply rooted character consciousness completely part nature horror crime ordinarily brought young person mean difficulty peculiar application doctrine utility inherent attempt analyse morality reduce principles principle minds invested sacredness applications divest part sanctity principle utility reason sanctions belong system morals sanctions external internal external sanctions speak length hope favour fear displeasure fellow creatures ruler universe sympathy affection love awe inclining independently selfish consequences evidently reason motives observance attach utilitarian morality completely powerfully
cling objectivist theories morality moral motives queer thing thwart purposes evil opinions abroad walks abroad knows meet pub parlour doctrine look refreshing find high minded pomposities morning editorial fellow knows doctrine wrong wants knock believes moral language statements true false claim egoist says false unfortunately egoist claim true supposed fact question publicly ascertainable disagreement resolved fellows waver find refutation egoist word reliable half believe supply egoistic basis conventional morality impossible supply basis going try prop conventional morality fear task strength follows want refute doctrine ethical egoism want resolve disagreement showing egoist says inconsistent true moral disagreements resolved proper objection says look interests regardless interests speaking truth simply speaking
subject law morality suggests questions consider historical sociological question manner moral ideas influence influenced legal system involve question moral concepts principles enter adequate definition law topic law morality suggests problem legal enforcement morality fact conduct immoral accepted precepts sufficient justify making conduct legal offense finally large subject study rational principles moral criticism legal institutions moral grounds acquiescence concerned solely fragment question grounds moral obligation obey law carry legal duties fulfill legal obligations thesis moral obligation obey law special case prima facie duty fair play moral grounds legal obligation brought considering anomalous facts obligation obey think think correctly unjust law obligation obey law situation thought sum social advantages result moral obligation obey law founded principle fair play bound obey unjust law principle explains grounds forgoing greater principle fair play defined follows
option losing truth gaining momentous throw chance gaining truth rate save chance believing falsehood making minds till objective evidence scientific questions case human affairs general need acting seldom urgent false belief act belief law courts decide evidence attainable moment judge duty law ascertain learned judge cases worth spending things decided acceptable principle dealings objective nature obviously recorders makers truth decisions mere sake deciding promptly getting business wholly place breadth physical nature facts independently seldom hurry risks duped believing premature theory need faced questions trivial options hypotheses living rate living spectators choice believing truth falsehood seldom forced attitude sceptical balance absolutely wise escape mistakes difference theory rontgen rays believe mind stuff conviction causality conscious states
relation attributes predicates divine admitted hesitation means relation subject predicates negation subject held irreligion nay atheism negation predicates predicates qualities effect effect existence deny qualities equivalent denying qualities object mind virtually non existent deprives god qualities god longer negative truly religious god qualities positive real theory god defined known offspring recent times product modern unbelief existent highest conceive higher divine inquire concerning god object bird winged bird knows higher blissful winged condition ludicrous bird pronounced god appears bird bird highest nature bird nature conception conception highest ask god winged
negative argument certainly process altogether convincing penetrating able philosophers turn enquiries able discover connecting proposition intermediate step supports understanding conclusion question reader trust penetration conclude argument escapes enquiry exist reason requisite venture difficult task enumerating branches human knowledge endeavour show afford argument reasonings divided kinds demonstrative reasoning concerning relations ideas moral reasoning concerning matter fact existence demonstrative arguments case evident implies contradiction course nature change object seemingly experienced attended contrary effects clearly distinctly conceive body falling clouds respects resembles snow taste salt feeling fire intelligible proposition affirm trees flourish december january decay june intelligible distinctly conceived implies contradiction proved false demonstrative argument abstract reasoning priori engaged arguments put trust past experience standard future judgement arguments probable regard matter fact real existence according division mentioned
reason place reliance inductive procedures suppose accumulation instances bs conditions observed reason expecting encounter habit form expectations habit rationally justified doubt entered minds difficult free doubt source confusion attempts resolve doubt preserve confusion attempts show doubt senseless altogether facile root confusion easily simply describe inadequate remedy doubt examined light attempts remove asked grounds supposing deductive reasoning valid answer fact grounds supposing deductive reasoning valid valid inferences guilty logical fallacies misunderstood question wanted grounds regarding deduction general valid method argument answer question sense say argument form method argument valid invalid imply deductive concepts validity invalidity application individual deductive arguments forms deductive argument similarly asked grounds thinking reasonable hold beliefs arrived inductively answer bad inductive arguments reasonable hold belief arrived inductively
instructor simply dictates topic assigned paper student difficult decision choosing subject paper poorly chosen topic leave student impossibly difficult writing job chosen topic paper writing factors considered carefully choosing topic course careful note requirements restrictions paper assignment student seek topic serve purpose instructor making assignment student able write kind paper desired students try find topics interest grind paper high quality topic totally uninteresting writer easier write writer finds personally interesting note caution sounded students find personally involved topic think objectively critically avoid topics experienced disciplined writer finally tell instructor likely interested topics bored makes sense things equal prefer topic stimulate interest idea put list topics questions raised class read suggest topics review questions afterwords chapters book suggest topics suggested looking tables contents books philosophy
illustrations give directness clarity writing essential effective communication illustration unit language word phrase sentence paragraph longer unit stimulates reader imagine sight cheerful smile sound screeching tires touch sensation soft cool grass bare feet smell bread baking taste rich hot coffee providing illustrations writer aim show reader talking simply tell general terms course writer literally show reader holding physical object pointing reader actually illustrates words stimulate reader imagine concretely writer wants imagine skilled user words movie director sights sounds transmit touch sensations tastes smells audience nervous systems theater projectors electronic devices reader imagination connected senses writer film visual sound touch taste smell tracks theater reader imagination suppose freshman college writing letter friend high school acquaintance biology class introduce person rely written communication begin guy biology class likes kinds music sure lives strange place surely show place strange place suggest friend penthouse apartment full weirdly colored furniture paintings mildewed cellar twelve share room
saved sin going thirteen saved happened big revival auntie reed church night weeks preaching singing praying shouting hardened sinners brought christ membership church grown leaps bounds revival ended held special meeting children bring young lambs fold aunt spoke days ahead night escorted front row mourners bench young sinners brought jesus aunt told saved saw light happened inside jesus god hear feel jesus soul believed heard say thing sat calmly hot crowded church waiting jesus preacher preached wonderful rhythmical sermon moans shouts lonely cries dire pictures hell sang song ninety safe fold lamb left cold won won jesus young lambs won held arms young sinners mourners bench girls cried jumped jesus
newly sighted vision pure sensation unencumbered meaning newly sighted girl saw photographs paintings asked put dark marks dark marks mother explained shadows ways eye knows things shape shadows things look flat things look joan answered looks flat dark patches general newly sighted dazzle color patches pleased sensation color learn quickly colors rest seeing tormentingly difficult soon operation patient generally bumps colour patches observes substantial resist tactual objects walking strikes pays attention continually passing colours sees past visual object part steadily disappears view spite twists turns entering room door returning visual space front gradually comes realize space mental effort involved reasonings proves overwhelming patients oppresses realize tremendous size previously conceived touchingly manageable oppresses realize visible unattractively knowledge consent
ten sweetness things stirs touches melancholy dark lighted alleys houses towers chimes faces rooms rich comfortable warm relaxed rooms pregnant secrets bears scent warm intimacy servant girls household remedies dried fruits realms night worlds coming opposite poles mingled parents house realm boundaries narrower actually embracing parents realm familiar mother father love strictness model behavior school realm brilliance clarity cleanliness gentle conversations washed hands clean clothes manners morning hymns sung christmas celebrated straight lines paths led future duty guilt bad conscience confession forgiveness resolutions love reverence wisdom words bible wanted unsullied orderly sure league realm overlapping half house completely smelled spoke language promised demanded things contained servant girls workmen ghost stories rumors scandal dominated loud mixture horrendous intriguing frightful mysterious things including slaughterhouses prisons drunkards screeching fishwives calving cows horses sinking death tales robberies murders suicides wild cruel attractive hideous things surrounded found alley house
skating conditions perfect sun bright bare ice polished steel brisk wind east fine eastern end lake open ice stretched west miles put skating shoes knotted laces regular shoes hung necks frozen lake held sails front took wind strong blowing steadily gusts filled sails took lake fabulous speed moved fast skates imagined move fast completely effortless stand erect hold sails glide hawk soaring length ridge updraft air felt flying happened later airplane moment carried wind enjoyment sky unstained blue white clouds dropping shadows race hills rimmed lake white snow gray blue bare tree trunks clear gold places wind blown snow sandy bluffs sun friendly weight shoulders wind blowing harder going faster sound
official residence governors california unlandscaped unfurnished unoccupied construction stopped stands eleven acres oaks olives bluff overlooking american river sacramento twelve thousand square foot house ronald nancy reagan built sixteen room house jerry brown declined live vacant house cost california million including property purchased donated friends reagans leonard firestone firestone tire rubber taft schreiber music corporation america holmes tuttle los ford dealer empty house maintenance try bulletproof windows clean cobwebs swept wild grass green rattlesnakes river thirty exterior wood glass doors night empty house lights stay foot chain link fence guard dogs lie bay telephone rings startles fact works governor residence guards answer voices laconic matter fact phantom governor connect wild grass grows tennis court wild grass grows pool sauna american river gold discovered ran fast full past lately upstream dams dry bed exposed bank dredged graded
urge alter body felt animals enjoying advantage healthier instincts share human shape designed greatest artists taste necessarily coincide accept image created final decided early room improvement prehistoric cave dweller late industrial urban considered human body aesthetically satisfactory aurignacians magdalenians practiced mutilation hands confidence modern brings crippling feet uneducated oversophisticated alike act uncontrollable impulse rearrange anatomy part body spared violent interference reasons wanting change physique relevance narcissistic autoerotic inclinations factor goes farthest account unholy obsession boredom bored natural shape body delights getting judge past present performances resources hand making escape inexhaustible rarely exercise restraint ancient greeks instance human body inviolate plucked pubic hair course doubtful modern woman blessed proportions greek statue happy broad hips fashionable modern shoe accommodate classical foot changeable ideals beauty desirable everlasting perfection reason laws permit wives pleases provided marries successively
signs animals considerably elaboration stop red lights green answer calls bells watch sky coming storms read trouble promise anger eyes animal intelligence raised human level dog lovers tell wonderful stories high dogs risen scale clever sign interpretation sign sign announces existence imminence event presence thing person change affairs signs weather signs danger signs future evil signs past case sign closely bound noted expected experience part situation refers reference remote space led note expect signified event making correct sign essence rational behavior animals show varying degrees entirely realistic closely bound actual objective course history learned experience cashed voided experience straight narrow path sign animals brighter talk grunt gesticulate point wishes known give warnings develop social system bees ants wonderful efficiency communal enterprise plenty eat warm apartments exactly alike perfectly convenient live sit sun fire climate demanded talking basking want satisfied
thing re going need tape need depends length program re going record chance tape speed re type tape select depends flexibility recorder budget ear expensive cassettes chromium dioxide offers high frequency response signal noise ratio find imparts steely quality piano recordings nice things pipe organ conversely prefer warmer bassier sound ferric oxide tape piano recording noting organ recordings sound tubbier chromium dioxide ferrichrome tape ferric oxide tapes alike re doubt advised buy kinds test recordings thing applies ferric oxide open reel tape ear personal preference important manufacturer specifications dealer recommendations re recording sure plenty tape case open reel recording means extra reels extra play tape case cassettes cassettes expect need despite extra playing wouldn recording live music extra thin base makes stretching danger print recorded signal layer tape bass frequency response
remarkable thing find says believe real wrong find going moment later break promise try breaking complaining fair say jack robinson nation say treaties matter minute spoil case saying treaty want break unfair treaties matter thing wrong words law nature difference fair treaty unfair let cat bag shown say law nature forced believe real wrong mistaken sums wrong matter mere taste opinion multiplication table agreed point keeping law nature exceptions apologize read going say concerns turning ordinary human beings left hope misunderstand going say preaching heaven knows pretend
argument form writing deliberately sets convince readers writer thesis valid cases acted informs explains argument aimed primarily convincing readers accept writer views place convictions effectively writing based logical rational analysis subject considerations argumentative mode appeal emotions considerations persuasive mode type writing argumentative convinces readers accept validity superiority solution problem persuasive convinces readers act proposed solution course writers influence audiences command respect writers successful determine degree appeal audience sense reasonable degree appeal emotional nature addition successful writers type martin luther king jr section create persona reasonable fair individual safely trusted persona personality voice writer communicated reader language choices attitudes expressed briefly stated effective argument combines solid factual information effective logic appeal emotions result readers develop sense trust soundness argument fairness writer persona attempting persuade influence common
modern linguists similar stance begin premise dialect intrinsically bad nonstandard speech style defective speech speech important able show black english careless speaking standard rigidly constructed set speech patterns sort specialization sounds structure vocabulary dialect middle class listeners hear black city speakers say dis tin thin assume black speakers careless differences characteristic aspects dialect original substitutions generally carry original language immigrant parents interference carry caused substitution voiced th sound unvoiced th sound thin linguists represent language sounds putting letters slashes brackets speakers english don realize th sounds english lacking languages difficult foreigners trying learn english germans study english surprised confused sounds germans lisp sounds nonexistent west african languages black immigrants brought america similar substitutions black english sound similar unvoiced th medial word position birfday birthday final word position roof ruth voiced th medial position bruvver brother
searching question conscience believing persons highest follows suicide mercy killing thing exigent tragic circumstances putting say crucial question end justifies means justifies end answer plainly confidently human happiness highest ends purposes validated standard ideal reasoning humanistic medicine concepts loving concern social justice built plain hard logic end purpose negative positive euthanasia exactly bring patient death acts deliberate omission morally acts commission careful study basic texts hippocratic oath shows says perserving says power discernment mine carry regimens benefit sick harm wrong case euthanasia depends understand benefit sick harm wrong regard preserving dehumanized merely biological harmful beneficial refuse welcome introduce death wrong morally states country carry cards legally established anatomical gift acts explaining carrier dies wishes organs tissue transplant needed living
hoped white moderate understand law order exist purpose establishing justice fail purpose dangerously structured dams block flow social progress hoped white moderate understand present tension south phase transition obnoxious negative peace negro passively accepted unjust plight substantive positive peace respect dignity worth human personality actually engage nonviolent direct action creators tension merely bring surface hidden tension alive bring open seen dealt boil cured covered opened ugliness natural medicines air light injustice exposed tension exposure creates light human conscience air national opinion cured statement assert actions peaceful condemned precipitate violence logical assertion condemning robbed possession money precipitated evil act robbery condemning socrates unswerving commitment truth philosophical inquiries precipitated act misguided populace drink hemlock condemning jesus unique god consciousness ceasing devotion god precipitated evil act crucifixion federal courts consistently affirmed wrong urge individual cease efforts gain basic constitutional rights quest precipitate violence
closing fell impelled mention point statement troubled profoundly warmly commended birmingham police force keeping order preventing violence doubt warmly commended police force seen dogs sinking teeth unarmed nonviolent negroes doubt quickly commend policemen observe ugly inhumane treatment negroes city jail watch push curse negro women young negro girls slap kick negro young boys observe occasions refuse give food wanted sing grace join praise birmingham police department true police exercised degree discipline handling demonstrators sense conducted nonviolently public purpose preserve evil system segregation past consistently preached nonviolence demands means pure ends seek tried clear wrong immoral means attain moral ends affirm wrong moral means preserve immoral ends connor policemen nonviolent public chief pritchett albany georgia moral means nonviolence maintain immoral end racial injustices eliot temptation greatest treason deed wrong reason
study logic shows importance defining issue topics want discuss flatly non form produce vague speeches incoherent essays issues rely definition terms evidence argue senator ted kennedy handsome disagreeing hair teeth clothes definition handsomeness agree definition agree senator kennedy similarly question capital punishment wrong hinges character act pain possibility error protection afforded society definition wrongness aesthetic moral questions susceptible evidence individuals agree terms argument meaning word agree telephone called telephone english speakers regularly word denote special areas accord handsomeness beauty theoreticians sought objective standards quest fruitless greek temple beautiful gothic cathedral whistler mother handsomer da mona lisa andy warhol marilyn monroe say decision rests subjective judgment lend argument taste indisputable beauty idea goodness subject easy definition seeking objective basis calling actions wrong authorities cited scriptural precedents based systems inalienable rights human insisted nature moral definitions won universal acceptance disputants agree morality resides say natural law begin argue capital punishment
american vernacular theory means imperfect fact part hierarchy confidence running downhill fact theory hypothesis guess power creationist argument evolution theory intense debate rages aspects theory evolution fact scientists minds theory confidence president reagan echoed argument evangelical group dallas devoutly hope campaign rhetoric theory scientific theory recent challenged science believed scientific community infallible evolution theory fact facts theories things rungs hierarchy increasing certainty facts data theories structures ideas explain interpret facts facts scientists debate rival theories explain einstein theory gravitation replaced newton apples suspend mid air pending outcome human beings evolved apelike ancestors darwin proposed mechanism discovered fact mean absolute certainty final proofs logic mathematics flow deductively stated premises achieve certainty empirical evolutionists claim perpetual truth creationists attack style argument favor science fact mean confirmed degree perverse withhold provisional assent
police arrived apartment kew gardens queens found edmund crimmins husky aircraft mechanic thickened beer drinking twenty wife alice eddie separated wife summoned frantic phone call children eddie alice marie called missy disappeared bedroom detective gerard piering absence senior detectives fell command major case according reports took look alice crimmins disliked alice crimmins newspapers called shapely woman toreador pants strawberry blond hair carefully teased lacquered makeup perfectly applied cast mold candy mossler lana turner working class housewife jerry piering catholic father look mother gave orders question eddie alice crimmins separately announced partner bitch afternoon took alice crimmins vacant lot half mile look dead daughter missy lying side sun pajama top knotted neck body swarming flies alice crimmins staggered swooned fell arms detective didn cry piering reaction theatrical real mother sure murderer evening reporter kenneth gross assignment crimmins apartment reporters photographers popping flashbulbs alice crimmins face told police told bitch killed kids police continued question eddie crimmins check tips prowlers known sex offenders focused alice crimmins
section face classifies basis sex male engages sexual intercourse underage female wife violates statute female engages sexual intercourse underage male husband petitioner contends law punishes males conduct question violates fourteenth amendment equal protection law court today correctly rejects contention outset noted statutory discrimination viewed part wider scheme california law clearcut females freed criminal liability california engaging sexual activity harmful unlawful person sex molest annoy contribute delinquency age persons prohibited committing lewd lascivious act including consensual intercourse child members sexes convicted engaging deviant sexual acts finally females brought proscription female charged aiding abetting violation section part broad statutory scheme protects minors problems risks attendant adolescent sexual activity sure creates additional measure punishment males engage sexual intercourse females ages question constitution prohibits legislature imposing additional sanction gender specific basis constitution violated government federal invidiously classifies similarly situated basis immutable characteristics born
don ect works punishment theory mistaken popular opinion depression represents introjected anger according theory fright pain ect satisfies person need punishment recovery takes place ect painless patient receives anesthetic unconscious minutes treatment controlled studies devised test punishment theory depressed unknowingly received sham treatment subconvulsive dose electrical current controls received dose high induce seizure experienced marked improvement studies prove seizure treatment effective painful experience shocks person health seizure sine qua non evidence suggests deficiencies neurotransmitters central nervous systems depressed persons norepinephrine serotonin animal studies show increased production substances seizures early formulate mechanism explain ect works don aspirin works diminish empirical evidence efficacy ect proven effective treatment depression safe risk death ect survey denmark reveals person died total treated period critics emphasize death risk mention risk death depressed person receiving ect times greater deaths brain damage attributed ect nearly complicated significant threatening problems
video tapes video tapes expect produce video tapes government won produce think moment designated fully expect show haven show want hear case decide evidence prosecution wants hear evidence problem problem live case weinberg controlling switch machine weinberg deciding record won record weinberg deciding erase won erase weinberg sitting room video camera going gaps don controlling situation directing conversation net result jury judges facts case hear tapes things tapes pals want hear think instance minute sit listen watch video tape point meetings present depending circumstances weinberg weinberg amoroso knowing say recorded recorded someday road citizens hear answer obvious want convict goes exercise running meetings expense manpower matter maybe maybe won
idea entertainment looms large minds disciples liturgical informality feel public attend church show seen ago read mass celebrated washington group acrobats performed high wire thought fit occasion choir sing nearer god thee stranger account carried outdoor mass celebrated rural area piece de resistance arrival priest forklift truck allowed speculate possibility device elevation kinds popular music including rock disco folk staples performances recently tendency liturgical dancing column catholic press fr joseph champlain notable expert matters describes experiment pious strains junior high ballet students performed fr champlain calls liturgical expression thanksgiving communion congregation absolutely detected tears persons moved event fr champlain failed note stillness congregation result shock tears joy sheer rage suppose small point amidst relevancy perpetrators sort folly tell intentioned labor simplistic belief merely combining religion worldly interests interest worldly
proof victims beneficiaries names despite substantial evidence names inflicted estimated million newborn americans parents give thought broad implications parents consulting astrology charts numerologists overriding concern selecting paying homage relative sound phonetic balance authority evelyn wells pointed early legitimate concern science wrote tells power sounds words influence mind science tells cadence melody nearly significant associations carries understands york times columnist russell baker moment lamented bet america mother naming newborn son kenneth freighting heavy psychological luggage carry grave difficulty kenneth kenneths expected lean fibrous sydney wallace perfect shaped rail balloon kenneths knowledge denied freedom contour surely fill hostility poor fellows named irving baker continued tongue firmly planted cheek irving knows consigned intellectual doomed worst nietzsche library stacks writing brilliantly denunciatory letters editors elite magazines humorous plausible tend expect conform society expectations
argument bulwarked irrelevant statistics ago cigarette companies responded evidence smoking cancer counting filter traps viceroy boasted filters largest selling brands parliament began claiming hit parade overwhelmed average figure testing lab reported hit parade filter filter traps impressive figures totally pointless evidence filter protected person dangerous effects smoking defined filter trap practice putting large numbers undefined elements notable count ufo sightings ads cigarettes pain relievers offer precise numbers irrelevant comparisons kent golden lights celebrated milligrams tar low taste ad pointing camel lights raleigh lights milligrams tar salem lights anacin boasts milligrams pain reliever observes tylenol bayer bufferin evidence distinctions real difference consumer counting clearly defined entities speakers offer irrelevant numbers period high unemployment proclaim americans working responding demonstrated statistical relationship cigarettes increased incidence lung cancer observe vast majority smokers cancer violent crimes increase oppose gun control legislation computing percent american handguns involved homicides kind irrelevance statistics derived singular
contrast resonates cruel irony march dr herman tarnower plans dinner current girlfriend lynne tryforos returns home scarsdale medical group wine march jean harris companion fourteen entertains ideas order writes scrawls suicide notes drives hours rotten weather end clear prosecutor george bolen contended harris shot tarnower times jealous rage affair younger rival defense lawyer joel aurnou contended tarnower killed tragic accident tried prevent harris suicidally depressed pressures shooting camp bolen plausibility framed scarsdale letter torpedoed harris claim viewed rival equanimity camp aurnou host forensic experts interminably perforations flesh offered rebuttals points scored bolen aurnou redoubtable weapon impassioned female identification accused impugning american legal system let say business bit circus faith definitive picture truth emerge wonder sides jealous rage suicidal feelings incompatible harris set purchase york motive segued intended doctor dissuade bullets stranger deception harris longer intended knew place interested finally central question jean harris intentions side issues
reagan administration plan solving problems social security alter current trends projection retirement fund run money congressional budget office estimates fund lack billion needed meet obligations short let face social security program bomb remain drastic effected actuarially sound tinkering benefits delaying months paying cost living increase removing penalties working past feeding concocted figures future prosperity computer reading rose colored glasses won cure social security claim cure patients terminal cancer applying band aid regaling statistics cures cases early detection basic fallacy social security program chain letter schemes illusion point show government denying course ground floor extensive chain letter campaign handsome returns initial investment increase wealth hundredfold matter thousand later chain victims united states postal service holds chain letter schemes fraudulent participants undertakings subject prosecution fraud mails persuasive points advance convincing
cigarette advertisement artfully tucked conspicuous corner ad obligatory warning surgeon general determined cigarette smoking dangerous health surgeon general accountant determined kind danger cigarette smoking clear present continuing hazard pocketbook don smoke smokers losing health losing ways suspect surprisingly tobacco industry sees differently america oldest industry fond calling summoned econometric models prove dramatic contribution nation gross national product roughly akin convicted felon claims helping economy imprisonment creates jobs judges jailers manufacturers steel bars view prison cell tobacco apologist perspective likely limited ignores heavy burden smoking connected costs fall special unfairness non smokers higher fire insurance costs major fires smoking higher prices virtually product buy smoking increases absenteeism manufacturing costs billions dollars annually higher health insurance premiums smoking costs nation billion hospital care physician services course higher taxes support loan program government operates tobacco farmers
try speaking voice writing say radio needed repair date purchase say radio worked bought talking tend short sentences plain words active voice specific details don worry beginning sentence don words societal say reasons quiet night try avoid sentences full paired parallel constructions look italics parentheses added show pattern children need generous amounts affection guidance discipline order develop intellectually emotionally mature adults children feel rejected unloved inconsistent ineffective discipline tend develop lasting psychic disorders schizophrenia alcoholism drug addiction psychopathic personality written language talks don write kind social science prose trust ear sounds spoken language level suited subject audience writing book advised grammatical subject paragraph tuck words middle sentences avoid forms think advice writing sound awkward don follow likelihood asked write essay letter read judge immediately impromptu themes assigned college classes outer reflection revision part revision friend spouse teacher secretary colleague read essay clarity correctness
motto york advertising agency creative sells lot truth mind purpose writing remember re trying sell rules based assumption want communicate information argument clear forthright manner case say past decade records number individuals speaking forthrightly shouldn democratic national headquarters watergate burglarized republican spokesmen denied involvement accused pro pro choice delegates conflicted democratic convention president carter volunteered middle road statement abortion addressing stockholders bendix board chairman announced young lady working vice president strategic services won job merits personal involvement case silence effective argument involved adversary situation responding police officers lawyers newspaper television reporters relatives enjoy lawsuits spouse insurance adjustor don quick frame argument volunteer information write clever letters return haunt argument mistake lie instances truth won consider virtues silence situations want express indirectly want spare sensibilities reader twenty dudley demonstrated range sexual abnormalities want discredit enemy initial response book fairly favorable veil threat pay bill promptly credit rating remain excellent
shipwreck marooned desert island robinson crusoe story daniel defoe stood gazing water pieces cargo ship floating shoes mates qualification mates makes detail memorable believe thing striking odd seen invented truth defoe masters art fiction power believe imaginings borne art storyteller trust told story sheer fantasy fiction latin fictio shaping counterfeiting stories entirely factual partially shaped imagined true fiction historical writer draws factual information presenting scenes events characters factual information historical unlike history book secondary importance firsthand accounts american civil war written fought eyewitnesses give keen sense actual battlefront author red badge courage stephen crane young born war fiction facts true story worse entirely imaginary expect fiction sense act authentic chronicle past acted children read lucky formed habit steep romance mystery adventure
hours later boy chopping wood house mother aunt sisters mother aunt girls knew distance muffled walls flat loud voices girls emanated incorrigible idle inertia setting stove prepare meal heard hooves saw linen clad fine sorrel mare recognized saw rolled rug front negro youth fat bay carriage horse suffused angry face vanishing full gallop corner house father brother sitting tilted chairs moment later put axe heard hooves watched sorrel mare yard galloping father began shout sisters names presently emerged backward kitchen door dragging rolled rug ground end sister walked going tote set wash pot sarty shouted set wash pot father appeared door framed shabbiness bland perfection impervious mother anxious face shoulder father pick sisters stooped broad lethargic stooping presented incredible expanse pale cloth flutter tawdry ribbons thought rug git hit france wouldn hit folks coming tromp hit
oiler took oars shoulders scanned surf captain think bring head seas billie captain oiler swung boat seated stern cook correspondent obliged look shoulders contemplate lonely indifferent shore monstrous inshore rollers heaved boat high enabled white sheets water scudding slanted beach won close captain wrest attention rollers turned glance shore expression eyes contemplation singular quality correspondent observing knew afraid full meaning glances shrouded tired grapple fundamentally fact tried coerce mind thinking mind dominated muscles muscles care merely occurred drown shame hurried words pallor plain agitation simply looked shore remember clear boat jump captain seaward crest roller suddenly fell thunderous crash white comber roaring boat steady captain silent turned eyes shore comber waited boat slid incline leaped furious top bounced swung wave
evening drawing room priest died dark rainy evening sound house broken panes heard rain impinge earth fine incessant needles water playing sodden beds distant lamp lighted window gleamed thankful senses desire veil feeling slip pressed palms hands trembled murmuring love love times spoke addressed words confused answer asked going araby forget answered yes splendid bazaar love asked spoke turned silver bracelet round round wrist retreat week convent brother boys fighting caps railings held spikes bowing head light lamp opposite door caught white curve neck lit hair rested falling lit hand railing fell side dress caught white border petticoat visible stood ease bring
frequent objection poetry studied view poem series gorgeous noises funneled ear allowed trouble mind experience holy analyze classroom cruel mechanical dissecting hummingbird view countered poem say worth listening view argued poems perishable hummingbirds luckily study flight risk poem dying observation nearly risk seeing doubtful excellent poem vanished human memory read closely likely poems vanish poems reads closely cares poetry care fact ancient persuasion mankind hearing poem making poem religious act poetry speech song part classic greek drama playwright actor spectator alike holy ceremony greeks belief poet writes poem supernatural assistance clear invocations muse begin iliad odyssey opinion socrates plato ion poet powers invention divinely inspired ancient celts poets regarded magicians priests insulted expect receive curse rime potent afflict boils curdle milk cows
hand hand personification goes apostrophe addressing invisible ordinarily spoken apostrophe poet examples wordsworth address inanimate object spade wilkinson hath tilled lands dead absent person milton thou shouldst living hour abstract thing return delights spirit thou soul art eternity thought poet apostrophe announce lofty tone put front moon according snodgrass poet lifetime apostrophe highfalutin means giving inanimate giving body intangible speaking person person words moving american spiritual death shame emphasize point statement exaggeration faster greased lightning told thousand times speak literal truth figure speech called overstatement hyperbole poets fond emphasis exaggerate effect instances profession love grow vaster empires slow description petra rose red city half overstatement humorous purposes fat woman boast blues song shake skinny gal looses home opposite understatement implying mark twain mississippi recalls apprentice steamboat pilot asleep supposed watch roused pilot clambering pilot house bixby close commenting
classics open form poetry sound rhythm positive forces speaking poem open form find makes difference pause end line try pausing briefly don allow voice drop read read sentence prose pauses course pauses matter open form poetry meter lend rhythm lines open form poem seen whitman dimes eyes passage fall metrical feet poem lacking meter aid open form order noticeable rhythms need recurring pauses reading aloud open form poets robert creeley allen ginsberg pause definitely line break habit makes sense reading artful poems poems sure widely open form poet instance employ rime rimes recur intervals rime lines lengths eliot famous love song alfred prufrock page closed poem left ajar open poem trying slam law requires poet split thoughts verse lines charles baudelaire rainer maria rilke jorge luis borges alexander solzhenitsyn eliot written prose poems caring eye appeal rhythm line structure lost poet prints words block prose paragraph karl shapiro dirty word page
poem rime scheme set line length pattern structure move inseparably rest poem tiger skin bones move tiger poem fails poet evidently difficulty persuading statements fit formal pattern english poets felt free invert word order special effect poet trouble keeping rime scheme invert words apparent reason convenience needing rime barge lead ending line policedog large large policedog sign trouble profusion adjectives line iambic pentameter reads lovely skin dear sweet white silk suspect poet stuffing line adjectives stand poetry prose need charged meaning suspects matthew arnold padding line marguerite unplumbed salt estranging sea dead body poet slightest feeblest efforts collected lines canon celebrated bards wonder written wordsworth shelley whitman browning failures painful lapses awareness occur poems entire excellent unwilling read ill advised refuse venice grand canal impurities seasoned reader poetry thinks tennyson written form form riflemen form look butts aims
poem differs prose ways writer reader tend regard differently poet attitude offer piece writing read prose poem perceptively thoughtfully considerately attention sounds connotations deal expect return reader expectations approaching poem anticipation ordinary knowledge pleasure reader assumes poet enjoyable devices prose rime alliteration meter rhythms definite emphatic poet choose employ things reader expects poet greater resources meaning figurative language allusion symbol imagery readers prose seek meaning paraphrased loss meeting figurative language graceful turns word order think pleasant extras poetry extras matter paraphraseable content finish reading poem explain precisely experienced repeating word word language poem poetry prose dancing walking remarked paul valery doubtful draw immovable boundary poetry prose prose needs arranged lines seen poetry especially prose conveys strong emotion vivid physical imagery terse figurative rhythmical language translation words chief joseph nez perce tribe moment surrender army move memorable
tragedy sense overpowering force closing steadily protagonist spectators oedipus rex wonder play turn ask end happily french playwright jean anouilh remarked tragedy doubt destiny known makes tranquility sort fellow feeling characters tragedy kills innocent killed matter part playing tragedy restful reason hope foul deceitful thing part hope re trapped sky fallen shout aristotle describing workings inexorable force oedipus rex terms later critics found valuable recognition discovery anagnorisis revelation fact known person true identity oedipus makes discovery recognizes child mother destroyed recognition occurs shakespeare macbeth macduff reveals mother womb untimely ripped disclosing double meaning witches prophecy macbeth harmed woman born sweeping macbeth shred belief infallible modern critics term mean terrible enlightenment accompanies recognition things plain anagnorisis clifford leech observed ultimate experience leisure point death
comedy greek komos revel thought originated festivities celebrate spring ritual performances praise dionysus god fertility wine knows origin comedy sure ancient comic play cyclops euripides includes jovial drunken character silenus foster father dionysus chorus garbed goatlike satyrs tipple wine sing dance drama comedy broadly defined makes laugh comedy entire play say comedy part play comic character comic situation known traditional emblem drama pair masks sorrowful representing tragedy smiling representing comedy suggests tragedy comedy opposites close relatives comedy shows getting trouble error weakness respect akin tragedy important difference comedy tragedy lies attitude human failing expected main character comedy suffers overweening pride oedipus fails recognize bride actually mother laugh watching competent performance oedipus rex tragedy force fate gods nature things relentlessly decrees suffering death protagonist comedy force impels protagonist realize odds eventual fortune success love sudden wealth humiliation enemies jean anouilh saying effect tragic situation serenity character characters trapped hopeless bind comic situation generates serenity certainly characters embroiled
french neoclassical theater neo meaning called plays inspired classical literature especially latin theories aristotle poetics sixteenth century italian literary critics reinterpreted making strict doctrine neoclassical theater unities law according critics play coherent span locale nature action events place twenty hours location entirely tragic entirely comic mingling contrary theorists course plays defy arbitrary rules othello defies tartuffe moliere strictly observes unities story unfolds course single single room theme play pure comedy tragedy french theater looked plays jean racine pierre corneille beautifully plotted structured tartuffe gleams order harmony inform language expressed riming couplets full side side balanced phrases clauses thoughts stated succinctly neatly packed understand moliere remote full characteristics recognize remember playwright addressing audience mainly aristocrats members merchant class wished stage moliere holds mirror glass flattering chiding revealing faults chance assures fortune living rule kindly intelligent monarch
produce tragic effect tragedy finest requires complex simple structure structure imitate fearful pitiful events peculiarity sort imitation clear decent shown passing fortune misfortune fearful pitiful disgusting vicious shown passing misfortune fortune situation humane pitiful fearful utterly evil fall fortune misfortune plot kind humane induce pity fear pity induced undeserved misfortune fear misfortunes normal situation pitiful fearful left extremes say kind distinguished excellence virtue comes grief account baseness vice account error reputation prosperity oedipus thyestes conspicuous families formed fable single say double change misfortune fortune opposite fortune missfortune vice error type worse borne practice poets picked fable random inventory contents finest tragedies plotted concern families tragedies alcmeon oedipus orestes meleager thyestes telephus lives attended terrible experiences doings
professional writers fiction reside perfectionism let hang looking written spy passage improve improve easier delete amplify write length putting think revising story shorten georges simenon french writer mystery novels reduced versions half simenon declared hated show writing strike word sentence called attention cleverness stern simenon deletions rendered prose totally colorless james thurber distrusted obvious delight words writing humorous story observed re likely gleeful put careful rewriting transfer glee writer reader piece sound lot fun generalize safe say professional writers write rougher version story finish working habits truman capote unique writes drafts peculiar kind yellow paper writers bringing story completion stage stage writing draft longhand capote types draft retires week month says read coldly read aloud friend decide want want publish
playwriting declares novice playwright cinch bunch actors standing sitting give lines process writing play believe leading playwrights testimony play closet drama read performed literary comes alive theater team effort involving actors director producer specialists reason accident finest playwrights actors shakespeare moliere harold pinter writing play calls sense stage audience intently listening watching sort knowledge acquired reading library write play help read masterpieces essential plays performed part edward albee actor remarked read seen hundreds plays starting sophocles present playwright imagine fashion influenced single play experienced effective playwright writes glowing stage mind merely setting words visualizing end result arrangement stage physical objects properties sets costumes stage business visible activity interests spectator help play watchable glass menagerie audience finds fascinating behold laura arranging collection glass figurines loving care light glitters
escape literature written purely entertainment help pass agreeably interpretive literature written broaden deepen sharpen awareness escape literature takes real enables temporarily forget troubles interpretive literature takes imagination deeper real enables understand troubles escape literature object pleasure interpretive literature object pleasure understanding established distinction exaggerate oversimplify escape interpretation bins toss story opposite ends scale poles fiction spins difference lie absence presence moral story incidents characters shallow unimpeachable moral interpretive story moral conventional sense difference lie absence presence facts historical romance full historical information pure escape depiction human behavior difference lie presence absence element fantasy escape story surface appearance everyday reality tale wildest fancy press home sudden truth difference kinds literature deeper subtle distinctions story interpretive illuminates aspect human behavior interpretive story presents insight large small nature conditions existence
search fellows began evening ralph finished took attic hudson street rooming house landlady showed ralph pair socks fellows left moved ralph south rooming house west neighborhood ship chandlers marine boarding houses nocturnal search week thread fellows goings south bowery upper west side climbed stairs past open doors rooms lessons spanish dancing going past whores past women practicing emperor concerto evening found fellows sitting edge bed attic room rubbing spots necktie rag soaked gasoline fellows greedy wanted hundred dollars cash fifty percent royalties ralph agree twenty percent royalties reduce initial payment lawyer drew paper defining ralph fellows interests nights later ralph brooklyn venetian blind factory doors closed lights office burning manager agreed manufacture blinds ralph specifications order hundred dollars ralph agreed furnish compound outer surface slats expenditures fourths whittemores capital problem money joined element
morning week later working desk captain barrett shouted office entered helmet liner squashed head couldn eyes phone spoke cupped hand mouthpiece hell grossbart platoon captain trainee stink food mother called goddam congressman food uncovered mouthpiece slid helmet bottom eyelashes yes sir phone yes sir sir asking marx covered mouthpiece turned head lightfoot harry phone teeth congressman calls general lyman calls colonel sousa calls major calls re dying stick thing whatsa matter shook phone don feed troops sir grossbart strange barrett greeted mockingly indulgent smile altered approach captain orthodox jew allowed eat foods throws congressman eats mother says throws accustomed observing dietary laws captain lady call white house jewish parents sir re apt protective expect mean jews close family boy goes home mother liable upset boy mentioned letter mother misinterpreted
cold snow ground mittens hands thick muffler round neck top nose felt frozen feet women side helped warm carrier cart put set parcel snow stamped feet beat hands sides starting bowers lane maybe quarters mile highroad bowers lane steep narrow full curves high banks top tall leafless hawthorn hedges oaks elms stood hedgerows leafless bleak bare cold holly trees covered bright red berries stopped snowballs slide smooth ice wheel ruts took reach bowers farm paper parcel burst open stop tie didn tie bursting open bowers pair stockings toothbrush handkerchiefs missing garge gwilliam found brought bowers writing grown deal gray hair wrinkles socks toothbrush handkerchiefs places pair feet bowers heart pulsing
pants shirt shoes help henry armstid outen trash lot dog didn look dead head hanging teeth showing moonlight rim white eyelids hear horses miles knowing country reckon hear folks yelling whooey head toted henry mrs littlejohn hall put armful clothes look laid busted scrubbing board lamp opened empty door bring says toted laid bed mrs littlejohn set lamp dresser carying clothes declare says shadows wall tiptoeing hear breathing wife mrs littlejohn says carrying clothes reckon quick says let ernest git durley says lives neighbors ernest fetch dog henry didn look dead mrs littlejohn kettle towels henry mrs armstid ernest mrs armstid foot bed stood hands rolled apron watching mrs littlejohn reckon git outen mrs littlejohn says
glove smacked head pivoted striking stiffly past felt jar ripple length arm shoulder boys turned blows pounded sides struck blows landed wondered blindfolded fighter ring called jackson succeeded getting blindfolded longer control motions dignity stumbled baby drunken smoke thicker blow sear restrict lungs saliva hot bitter glue glove connected head filling mouth warm blood tell moisture felt body sweat blood blow landed hard nape neck felt going head hitting floor streaks blue light filled black blindfold lay prone pretending knocked felt seized hands yanked feet going black boy mix arms lead head smarting blows managed feel ropes held trying catch breath glove landed midsection feeling smoke knife jabbed guts pushed legs milling finally pulled erect discovered black sweatwashed forms weaving smoky blue atmosphere drunken dancers weaving rapid drum thuds blows
symbol roughly defined means road instance concerns choice roads person walking woods explore roads tells explore explore knows unable stanza realize poet talking choice paths wood choice unimportant choice difference speaker remember sigh ages ages interpret choice road symbol choice alternatives equally attractive result large difference kind experience knows image metaphor symbol shade difficult distinguish general image means figurative term metaphor means symbol means say shaggy brown dog rubbing white picket fence talking dog picket fence presenting image say dirty dog stole wallet party talking dog metaphor say teach dog tricks talking dogs living creatures species speaking symbolically
actually skillful meter greatest effectiveness consists rhythm expected rhythm heard rhythm determined basic meter poem say iambic tetrameter expectation rhythm continue silent drumbeat set minds drumbeat constitutes expected rhythm actual rhythm words heard rhythm confirm expected rhythm rhythms counterpointed appeal verse magnified melodies counterpointed music swallows flying general course individual variations making eye catching pattern swallow flying heard rhythm conforms closely expected rhythm meter dull uninteresting departs expected rhythm ceases expected rhythm irregularity meter disappears result prose rhythm free verse ways variation introduced poet meter obvious substitution kinds feet regular feet scansion line virtue instance found spondee trochee spondee substituted expected iambs feet unexpected unaccented syllable left end line obvious equally important means variation simple phrasing variation degrees accent
art ultimately organization searching order form primal artistic act god creation universe chaos shaping formless form artist lesser scale sought imitate selection arrangement reduce chaotic experience meaningful pleasing order reason evaluate poem partially criteria english instructor evaluate theme unity coherence proper placing emphasis constructed poem part poem belongs interchanging stanzas lines words extent damage poem effective feel truly rate poem choice placement word inevitable addition internal ordering materials arrangement ideas images thoughts refer poem structure poet impose external pattern poem give inside logical order symmetry form appeals human instinct design instinct prompted times tattoo paint bodies decorate swords armor beautiful complex tracery choose patterned fabrics clothing carpets curtains wallpapers poet appeals love shapely general broad kinds form poet cast continuous form stanzaic form fixed form
plays unreal treated contained asked regard temporarily real shakespeare fairies midsummer night dream real watch play shakespeare magic willingly temporary suspension disbelief according coleridge constitutes poetic faith step crediting bottom real fact dressed actor regarding bottom ass head real small playwrights abandon attempt give illusion reality deliberately violate containment fictional reminding seeing play edward albee sandbox presents main character grandma buries alive speaks presumably dead systematically breaks barriers fictional real musician concealed orchestra pit summoned onstage told mommy grandma play play grandma addresses directly audience shouts electricians offstage instructing dim lights young reminds actor telling grandma line delivering line real amateur mommy daddy hear noise offstage daddy thinks thunder breaking wave mommy says literal accuracy stage rumble
astonished minibus drove house poured ten children parents child common mother father belonged parent husband wife died parents middle age embarked fourth marriage children sizes ranged blonde nordic jet haired greek bounded garden young happy children seen californians situation odd friends multiple parents odd family western culture held model thousand lifelong union wife took believe happy adjusted sign future going unlike anthropologists sociologists historians studied family closely recently knew age married western europe centuries earlier nineteenth children rates illegitimacy newly wed lived parents set house questions answered exactitude guesses detailed sexual practices marriage covered subject historians turning attention
idea child property bothered personal reasons outline lack feeling children scoffed idea continuation rejection sympathize acknowledge obligation support term fond foolish regard biological tie lien loyalty respect imagine equipped preternatural powers guidance success happiness inculcating obvious social protocols required civilized pronounce makes happy successful say successfully managed lives children unimpressed say parents track record presuming oracular powers regard children lives current debate equal rights amendment frequently turns custody questions opponents era horrifying discovery era spell end mother presumed rights custody divorce separation cases fathers begin getting custody rights odd cases settled recently anticipation ratification era ratified era extremely blunt instrument calling idea custody question applaud serves begin debate important equal rights adults think rights children unattended need
secret experiments open recent volume learned journal journal comparative physiological psychology find full descriptions experiments sort results obtained results frequently trivial obvious experiments supported public funds significant indication level acceptability practices experiments taking place moment university campuses country slightest protest student movement students rightly concerned universities discriminate grounds race sex serve purposes military big business speciesism continues undisturbed students participate qualms regards normal required part course student soon hardened dismissing earlier feelings mere sentiment comes regard animals statistics sentient beings interests warrant consideration argument vivisection missed point put absolutist terms abolitionist prepared let thousands die saved experimenting single animal reply purely hypothetical question pose experimenter prepared experiment human orphan months save lives say orphan avoid complication parental feelings overfair experimenter nonhuman subjects experiments orphans
soft architecture change relationship keeper inmate jersey penitentiary leesburg deliberately built architects include breakable materials adjunct humane environment glass abounds cell natural light exterior window addition glazed walls separating cells courtyards locally refer medium security facility glass house windows face interior courtyards exterior security provided wall residential units deep overhang roof prevent climbing cyclone fence surrounding entire site interior prison amount breakable material requiring inmates guards reach mutually satisfactory accommodation burst anger result shattered glass difficult run repressive prison glass house hand requires tremendous tact patience sensitivity run prison let reader answer prefer confined leesburg traditional institution ago dormitories campus strict rules students hanging pictures posters walls constant inspections university officials removed illegal posters fined offenders basis regulations tacks tape mount posters scratch walls prohibition decorating dormitory rooms continued constant irritant costly ineffective inspections annual repainting bill mounted steadily eventually administration decided cheaper happier let students hang wanted walls
daily rounds jacinto father cornpatch platanar cultivated banana trees rows peppers jitomate tended knew jacinto pick coffee berries father carried wicker baskets large jacinto small left village days herd cattle patron father son carried rawhide slings father sling boy short rounding heifers calves father taught boy whirl sling let end timing pebble strike target jacinto showed practicing pasture jacinto olds growing manhood lost making clear rest stay homes felt important girls jacinto fellow apprentices felt important took courage walk milpa forest step rattler moment didn coiled path hear tail buzzing took stamina weed corn hills banana trees broiling sun boy manstuff walk mountain ridge spend night tending heaps burning wood charcoal burros carried tepic san night jalco orange bonfires high mountain east saw jacinto father jaunty carboneros rolled pants legs hats tilted face legs arms smeared charcoal dust sweat
urge children control learning argument bring feel anticipate meet says schools place children protected bad influences greed dishonesty commercialism says school children glimpse higher acting motives greed fear say society bad children exposed corrupted soon let children larger soon wanted tempted corrupted sooner believe schools honorable places friend mine harvard called museums virtue school children adults act higher motives mistaken course schools opposite antidote envy fear greed obsessive competitiveness schools worse terrible abstract simplified caricature school honestly sake ahead set competition minute lives subject arbitrary irrevocable orders judgment
ballroom lighted front door letting members benny goodman band told wanted shoeshine boy freddie re going asked thought laughed maybe hit numbers cadillac told find freddie upstairs room floor downstairs stepped snatched glimpse inside ballroom couldn believe size waxed floor end soft rose colored lights bandstand benny goodman musicians moving laughing talking arranging horns stands wiry brown skinned conked fellow upstairs room greeted homeboy freddie boy called heard hit big number figured quitting told freddie front door cadillac laughed burns white cats yeah told going bug freddie pay close attention going busy watch try ready dance couple nights later freddie busied setting shoeshine stand told early shoeshine rags brushes footstand polish bottles paste wax suede brushes place rushed need waste motion
house morning boy arm coat scarf head open door shoots mean want kids let think gonna tired kids bugs think don feelin don em house don telephone talk sick close door re house think rehearse thing worryin kids don leave em school wonder street thing worry place play easy call times don call hurry laughs mind gettin home gonna find cook stores close nixon sayin don nothin wrong doin scrubbin generations wants doctors teachers lawyers don want kids domestic degrading tomorrow generation generation cooks butlers
rounds village times going purpose walk recreational met street invariably greet promenade difficult reply business walk going greeting imply reproach implied envy peyrane think able walk especially sun shining mistral blowing dances promenades usual forms adult recreational activity supposed offer adolescent girls adequate opportunities behaved girl seek girls content takes movie tuesday evening dance saturday night promenade sunday afternoons holidays market apt saturday morning remain city spend night friend evening spare drop friend house cup coffee older expect suitors call evening boys expected seek wilder forms amusement ago group older boys called bombonne peyranaise translated peyrane jug group capable holding extraordinary quantity wine louis pascal decided wanted village cobbler left father farm set shop run houses village
curtains parted speaker opted skit stage covered table number cooking implements stepped speaker wearing apron chef hat quickly established going satirize colleagues national reputation gourmet chef colleague joke prospects skit bright think pretended didn hear making possibly accidental double entendres direct statements blatant physical gestures clear boy standing hundred making fun suggested length deviant sexual nature teachers response stupefaction outbursts laughter groaning kind laughter says don believe quieting speech progressed periodic oohs kind say say re finished nearly nauseating level tension afloat students filed class backstage find speaker dawned wrong seriously wrong met office expressed remorse offended teacher liked conference checked briefly teacher found badly flustered deeply hurt remorse felt genuine decidedly missing boy explanation think presentation circumstances
let begin confession news addict awakening flip today show learn events transpired night commuter train takes scour york times find absorbed tales earthquakes diplomacy economics read newspaper religiously grandparents read prayerbooks sacramental character news extends evening length workday determined precisely need home walter cronkite children understand communion cronkite interrupted light transient precisely happening millions scour newspapers stare tube pour news magazines surround sense news occupy place special significance let proceed simple definition news information events going experience sense news part human situation earliest form took shape account brought traveler member group wandered rest found water game signs nearby enemy utility information evident news social mechanism extends eyes ears embrace wider domain events knowledge remote events prepare steps needed deal classic function news news consciousness society
nature equal faculties body mind found manifestly stronger body quicker mind reckoned difference considerable claim benefit pretend strength body weakest strength kill strongest secret machination confederacy danger faculties mind setting arts grounded words especially skill proceeding general infallible rules called science things native faculty born attained prudence look find greater equality strength prudence experience equal equally bestows things equally apply equality incredible vain conceit wisdom think greater degree vulgar fame concurring approve nature howsoever acknowledge witty eloquent learned believe wise wit hand distance proves point equal unequal
home daughter birthday home mean house los husband baby live place family central valley california vital troublesome distinction husband likes family uneasy house fall ways difficult oblique deliberately inarticulate husband ways live dusty houses wrote finger surfaces house noticed filled mementos canton dessert plates mean known assay scales care talk exclusively committed mental hospitals booked drunk driving charges property property land price acre zoning assessments freeway access brother understand husband inability perceive advantage common real estate transaction known sale husband turn understand hears father house recently committed mental hospitals booked drunk driving charges understand talk sale condemnations talking code things yellow fields cottonwoods rivers rising falling mountain roads closing heavy snow comes miss points drink regard fire
crossed ta hsing pass rugged mountain shoes soon worn feet legs cut bleeding undaunted clambered perilous precipices traversed narrow planks set huge chasms month reached summit mount ho burst impetuously cave dwelt kan ying proved aged eyes gentle sheep frighteningly older chi ch ang seen bent walked white hair trailed ground thinking age needs deaf chi ch ang announced loud voice find archer believe waiting kan ying reply took poplar bow carrying notched tsu chieh arrow aimed flock migrating birds passing high overhead instantly birds hurtling clear blue sky smiled tolerantly dear sir mere shooting bow arrow learned shoot shooting ruffled failure impress hermit chi ch ang silence edge precipice hundred paces cave glanced thought presence screen thousand cubits high chang tsai saw mountain stream winding shining thread rocks
read rose call mind picture rose reminded odor texture rose piece writing appeals senses including sensations heat pressure sight smell taste touch sound image short images sensory content literal roses discussed essay rose growing figurative comparison poem girl rose easy notice images literature poems include comparisons wandered lonely cloud fiery eye dove feathers borrowed literature imagery literal figurative plays large part communicating meaning instance romeo juliet abundant imagery light dark reenforces conflict death juliet especially light romeo says light yonder window breaks east juliet sun end play lovers died told morning dark sun sorrow show head turn imaginative literature essay find course descriptive essays rich images kinds essays imagery literal references real things essays figures speech thoreau says imagination body sit table
everyday bother label premises conclusions don bother distinguish argument give clues words follows premise words follows signal conclusion similarly expressions observed support relevant data generally introduce premises expressions result point implication signal conclusions simple wrong kill human follows abortion wrong abortion takes kills human words signal premises offered support conclusion signalled phrase follows put textbook form argument reads wrong kill human abortion takes kills human abortion wrong course argument number premises surrounded embedded arguments addition transitional words devices sentence order mask conclusion form question election speaker gave sorts reasons believing ronald reagan balance budget elected stated conclusion form rhetorical question doubt ronald reagan balance federal budget don bother label premises conclusions arguments daily evaluating arguments
remember lie remember days noticed pin sticking advertised usual fashion lovingly petted coddled pitied agreeable ration meals human nature want riches fell lied pin advertising wasn george washington half knew child able raise temptation telling lie civilized children born liars including george safety pin blocked game reform worth reform force virtue merely stops form lying impair disposition lie shade return early lie found pin realized liar added supply grace rare inspiration commonplace seldom noticed fact borne understandings lies acts speech part examined recognized liars cradle onward exception begin lie soon wake morning rest refreshment sleep night
information absolutely reliable kinds reliable safest kind question successful application guide information gained physical sciences biology genetic code cracked basic principles social sciences matter controversy sorts foolish ideas flourish alongside penetrating insights rapid progress sciences deal tell discriminating readers reason sciences accurate science organized wide ongoing activity builds corrects generation generation method science rigorous systematic application cogent inductive reasoning observed expectations future experiences checked starting scratch hope obtain lifetime remotely sophisticated accurate conclusions physical biological sciences grasping general outline scientific picture universe fit doubly valuable picture serve core sketch increasingly sophisticated ideas works information systematically integrated help understand vital issues re likely run oil soon present rates consumption continue consequences making abortion illegal close encounters kind actually occurred effectiveness salt treaties negotiations risks connected nuclear power plants help deal mundane problems instance large doses vitamins hair actually choose painkiller money safely gasoline gas tank breakfast foods healthiest
fallacy provincialism stems natural tendency identify group perceive experience largely terms group group stems identification place tendency things depends group begins determine content beliefs result fallacy provincialism influences beliefs basically ways tends concentrate society knows believes exclusion cultures believe tends loyalty influence acceptance rejection alleged facts theories nature evidence american newspaper series japan japanese empire supposedly founded centuries japanese lived complete isolation rest rest course meant western writer influence china japan century period provincialism problem including experts countless psychological experiments conducted american subjects reached conclusions shown wrong observing cultures true commonly held ideas widely held belief lefties write hooked motion left direction english written languages unnatural natural experts claim lefties israel write hebrew written left hooked motion righties fact experts discover removing provincial blinders
arguments statements posing false dilemmas mask fact dilemma kind noticing fallaciousness takes watchfulness statement harvard university president derek bok think education expensive try ignorance lots truth course sort education certainly valuable education bok statement uttered president harvard invites think choice formal education ignorance invites accept false dilemma getting formal education remaining ignorant omitting alternatives informal education taught important thinkers war ii deal discussion mass media floor congress nearly non mass media concerning extremely question military budgets based sort false dilemma issue characterized media basic positions question increased defense spending leading increased military strength safety decreased defense spending leading decreased military strength safety magazine article military equipment discussed chapter interesting important recent exception forces lined camps issue favored increased military spending increased military protection russians terms political power dominant view favored reduced military spending reduced military capability grounds war russia unthinkable strictly pacifistic reasons
gerald ford chosen richard nixon successor unelected president assured american run president ran inconsistency words actions caused ripple hearings held ford confirmation vice president asked president resigned office term expired successor power prevent terminate investigation criminal prosecution charges president reply think public stand clear indication power eleven days issuing pardon asked intended pardon nixon replied legal procedures undertaken think unwise untimely commitment absence explanation change mind clear president ford guilty fallacy inconsistency pardoned richard nixon course high government officials words inconsistent actions cigarette smokers argue legalizing marijuana grounds marijuana unhealthy inconsistent women liberationists argue roles sex play feminine role interest instance expecting drive trips buy expensive engagement rings spank errant children breaking campaign promises common think pay attention rule promise arpege election governor california george deukmejian campaigned promise balance budget raising taxes usual promise kind proposition opponent tom bradley refused promise
claimed emotive meaning rational objective thought according view intellectual language stripped emotive content deal rationally cognitive content newspapers textbook political rhetoric advertisements according view written emotively neutral language surely view correct large doses emotively neutral language bore shoes fail communicate effectively anyway want emotive responses claimed facts don want discount emotive side language aware feature language con accepting unreasonable arguments emotive language cognitive language tool tools evil purposes ways emotive side language advantage emotively charged words mask cognitive import emotively favorable pro word democracy republic change cognitive meaning keeping emotively pro overtones east german communist dictatorship called german democratic republic democratic republic democratic republic west germany settled federal republic germany argentine military dictatorship called argentine republic communist dictatorship china officially known republic china makes straightforward accurate israel kingdom saudi arabia sound refreshing emotively dull euphemistic language kind favored government officials professionals doctors lawyers academics
george orwell classic politics english language explaining politicians favor doublespeak political speech writing largely defence indefensible political language consist largely euphemism question begging sheer cloudy vagueness defenceless villages bombarded air inhabitants driven countryside cattle machine gunned huts set fire incendiary bullets called pacification millions peasants robbed farms trudging roads carry called transfer population rectification frontiers inflated style kind euphemism mass latin words falls facts soft snow blurring outlines covering details enemy clear language insincerity gap real declared aims turns instinctively words exhausted idioms cuttlefish squirting ink albert joseph quarterly review doublespeak july giving reasons politicians rest obfuscatory language enjoy making messages sound complicated professions enjoy language convey feeling field complex ordinary mortals understand children establish superiority peers pig latin lawyers gobbledygook truck drivers citizens band jargon scientists educators language grantsmanship main point misrepresentation reason write impossibly difficult language fact study convinced main reason perfectly honorable write heavy language ego trip writing impress express
sorts organizations twist words profit large corporation defended judgment employees mistake caused deal trouble arguing person trained employee implication trained employee thing company negligent expression trained employee meant employee put company training program program employee actually learned taught matter notice tools reagan administration fight unemployment redefinition terms percent unemployment suddenly known full employment striking public school teachers washington defended demands remain treated paid grade school teachers country spite fact public school students bottom academically pointing full teachers teaching certificates qualifying trained grade school teachers means completed training program grade school teachers re trained sense teach small children roman catholic vatican council ii declared marriage permanent covenant love resulting intimate union persons actions catholic priests bishops concluded love existed extinguished marriage covenant existed longer exists remarry divorced circumstances eyes violating catholic doctrine marriage forever divorce impossible reasoned till death part refers death love physical death
political pressures presidential militant minority women powerful leverage enactment respective union regret ratification thirds majority approves north carolina democratic senator sam ervin argued legal scholars university chicago yale harvard amendment effect discrimination nullify existing federal law making distinction women matter reasonable distinction rob congress states legislative power enact future laws making distinction women matter reasonable distinction wake ratification legal avalanche unleashed likely overwhelm overcrowded courts country reality aim minority militant women liberationists bring legal social anarchy disciples lenin early part century women lib seeks law destroy existing law social structure abolishing legal distinction women paved sociological anarchy militants exploit purposes achieving political power profound effect equal rights amendment marriage contracts home children precisely women lib wants sweep established social units prelude pushing country headlong style unlike practiced hippie communes philosophically root women liberation movement attempt destroy family structure means bringing society
consideration problem stationing intermediate range nuclear weapons europe depart recognition nuclear weapon war fighting purposes unusable widely recognized east west assertion needs substantiation weapon defense found find attain supriority development plausible defense attempts basis national military political strategy invariably failed initiating warfare major nuclear powers invite initiating party disasters enormity mockery normal concepts victory defeat considerations strongly militate probability actual soviet union intermediate range missiles future targeted western europe conceivably serve instruments political intimidation takes successful act intimidation improbability actual weapons means western europe needs greatly intimidated wishes smaller powers germany france stood manfully successfully threats real improbability soviet weapons heightened remember strong soviet commitment nuclear weapons generally extent commitment noted west reaction generally cynical disbelief derision question sweeping dismissal justified
gathering storm darkens desert sky heroic movie music tv screen shows stark barren mountains northern mexico shadow lone cowboy slowly herding cattle home riding distance ambling herd closer head bowed beneath sweaty broad brimmed oversized hat scene straight marlboro commercials cowboy comes close oxygen tank strapped saddle tubes run nostrils mexico rancher john holmes emphysema crisp british voice narrator informs brought heavy smoking scene tv documentary called death west powerful smoking films shown areas disappeared closet death west filmed director martin smith reporter peter taylor crew week weekly show britain independent thames television network show roughly british equivalent minutes taylor searing half hour film simply intercuts kinds footage marlboro commercials cowboys lighting chuck wagon galloping plains sunset interviews philip morris executives claim knows cigarettes cancer interviews real cowboys american west lung cancer case emphysema cowboy film shows victim doctor testifying believes patient condition caused heavy cigarette smoking
suggestions living organisms appeared earth says living things specially created christian tradition special creator god traditions creator names ideas special creation regardless tradition scientific ideas special creation scientific hypothesis testable explanations tested making predictions seeing predictions true false able find testable prediction comes special creation special creation appears untestable explanation hypothesis subject matter book limited known method learning called scientific inquiry point view special creation explanation wrong scientifically untestable hypothesis origin tested states arose naturally conditions earth hypothesis subject section sections deal history details theory evolution censorship occurs overtly case nontexts classrooms shelved school libraries censor cases local school board book censored principle reasons censoring book obscenity favorable portrayal immoral lifestyle racial ethnic bias tennessee county school board removed standby drums mohawk assigned list books local schools contained words judged obscene hell damn
public school textbooks puffery ads devices accomplish similar end simple omission historical events distortion covered careful control emphasis hard uninformed unsophisticated readers detect america role war ii exaggerated omitting details russian role playing mentioned reliable statistics war ii difficult find common estimates place total killed war million soviet union dead million half total united states lost soldiers civilians percent european theater war germans defeated combination british american soviet military action russian effort incomparably greater britain america combined june germany invaded russia end war europe largest powerful element german army fought russian front soviet army overwhelming majority german military losses equipment inflicted russian forces eastern front british american forces africa western europe times russian civilian deaths american deaths wars history public school textbooks don play emphasize role europe war ii play soviet role reason country look countries
magazines newspapers television radio stations book publishers rare exceptions share common goal money fact controls extent content media produce exception book publishing media receive income advertising question arises advertising influence content mass media illustration economic influence true case car puter company attempt buy ads major newspapers magazines car puter company supplies customers computer read dealer costs car want buy including options company supplies local automobile dealer special arrangement sell customer car dealer cost company charges consumer service legitimate helpful consumers car puter attempted run small ad refused newspapers magazines ads refused detailed explanation newspapers claimed turn advertising reason refusal certainly related fact automotive ads important source income newspapers magazines car puter company approved auto advertisers sponsors television programs likely buy programs attack business sponsors carefully monitor network tv shows group called stop immorality television asked major tv sponsors moral stance programs sponsored gillette replied try advertising runs programs suitable general family viewing
singing generally recognized basic musical activity elementary school music program nearly musical skills knowledge developed worthwhile singing experiences classroom important elementary teacher able singing voice effectively purpose chapter help teachers develop singing skills voice register topic voice teachers rarely agree developed common vocabulary essentially voice registers adult singing head chest registers set throat muscles controls vocal mechanism upper register singing resonating head cavities resonate tone set controls lower register singing chest cavities resonators frequently referred especially children singing head voice chest voice ideal singing voices children light treble flutelike quality sound noticeably beautiful sing higher treble staff singing freely easily evidence children head voice head voice singing desired goal classroom singing grades singing range children aged twelve depending voice training proper approximately middle line treble staff important procedures teachers remember developing head voice pitch songs accurately written keys especially selected carefully nation leading music educators helps classroom singing light free unforced times female elementary school teachers comfortable singing alto range throaty chest tones
seasons tides rising setting sun universe fall sort cosmic rhythm regular orderly sequence events shorter equally significant units defined beating heart breathing physical activities walking running skipping naturally units organized systematically constitute essential feature music element music encompasses aspects organizing sounds rhythm musical rhythm felt including musical training claim musical talent fact easily demonstrated play recording john philip sousa march stars stripes forever soon feel rhythm tap toes music tap innate ability feel underlying pulse music rhythmic pulses responding beats notating beats symbols symbols show rhythm pitch musical sounds notes symbols quarter notes term note denote musical sound tone term march music playing stand march room insufficient space marching marking place feet serve purpose keeping beats music grouping beats pairs stepping foot listen carefully music discover beat stronger stronger beat comes left foot marching marks beginning group stressed accented weaker beat follows unstressed unaccented accented unaccented beats poetic scansion signs groups accented unaccented beats form metric units called measures
directed line previous exercises end line dots left side double bar repeat sign part exercise composition repeated piece repeated beginning sign part repeated part enclosed double bar dots double bar dots left ending ending ending provided numbered bracketed shown ending performed repetition ending substituted repeat sign lover repetition half beginning ring ring banjo facing repeat signs endings abbreviation italian words da capo repetitions da capo means repeat beginning direct additional repetition passage marked repetition double bar dots dot double bar repeat signs making repeats repetition al fine place end marked fine joshua fit battle jericho steal repetitions al fine curved line connecting notes pitch tie tie effect joining notes tone sustained interruption combined vocal music tied notes syllable ties note values place measure bar lines connect fractions beats notes measures
scale begin note requires key signature produce major scale pattern sharps flats key signature children songs rarely remember major key sharps flats keynote located signature simple formula keynote sharp key half step sharp sharp farthest signature sharp ti scale ti keynote flat key flat flat signature flat signature fa located counting scale flat fa mi re system major flat table major key signatures names keynotes notice sharp keys sharp sharp begin sharp note flat keys begin flat note low pitches sung bass voices played left hand piano written conveniently treble clef pitches range clef sign bass clef bass clef tenor voices written staff basses large low pitched instruments function bass clef easily understood continuation downward treble clef
minor key major key keynote parallel keys minor parallel minor major major parallel major minor songs minor keys notes borrowed parallel major key notes borrowed sixth seventh degrees scale key minor notes sharp sharp place borrowed notes minor scale major scale degree natural minor sharp major parallel scales keynote logical syllables scale degrees change vowel sound degree mi major pronounced minor shown system advantage calling keynote major minor notes similar functions syllable names widely worth considering theorists define forms minor form minor notes scale agree minor key signature natural minor form minor borrows seventh degree scale major serves basis chords harmony harmonic minor harmonic minor distinctive step half step interval sixth seventh scale degrees awkward melodic interval avoided melodic minor sixth seventh degrees major ascending natural sixth seventh degrees descending scale patterns forms minor shown comparison
music elements stated repeated varied restated contrasting material patterns perceived musical form patterns occur simple songs classified song forms patterns occur instrumental music properly called small forms part forms smallest musical form part form song consists single musical sentence complete idea part form subsequent phrases begin phrase rhythm pitch figures motives derived providing high degree unity examples sentences preceding section part forms examples part form order complexity lavender blue michael row boat ashore silent night johnny comes marching home diagram form songs sentence diagrams preceding section models pay attention rhythmic flow melodic contour interact cadence points create closing effects varying degrees finality form resulting sentences joined part form binary form binary implies pattern key relationships repeats sentences sufficiently provide degree contrast typically elements common annie laurie clear part form form diagrams sentences identified capital letters phrases lowercase letters phrases divide subphrases song units smaller phrase diagraming musical forms sentences annie laurie share rhythm patterns end similarly
bells proved effective aid teaching children enjoy understand music teachers children limited musical background bells especially helpful learning simple melodies bells follows song bells sets sizes ranging bars popular half octave set pictured step bells sizes note diatonic set seventeen note chromatic set special bar bells mounted staircase frame classroom show visually relationship pitch half steps scale elevation step bells invaluable audiovisual aid students understand pitch direction tone educator bells sizes twenty bell set half octaves twenty bell set octaves bells removed case played individually combinations key built chromatically resonator bells similar tone educator bells interchangeably melode bells set swiss type copper bells tuned key bells individually colored hues accurately pitched maintan pitch conditions bell keyed scale color number letter shown color bells interest young children relate color pitch soon color disregarded pitch number letter introducing concepts related music notation
orff approach teaching music based program developed carl orff guntherschule school music dance gymnastics munich germany ideas won acclaim acceptance music educators orff uniquely creative approach introduces music children speech rhythmic movement singing playing percussion melody instruments introduction orff approaches music education skills involved presented teachers students wish pursue important topic refer comprehensive bibliography end chapter pp especially classic text elementaria carl orff longtime associate gunild keetman chanting results instinctive connection speech rhythm rhythm words children naturally delightfully relate carefree play imagery chanting traditional nursery rhymes creating rhymes activities friends pets clapping simplest form bodily movement occurs spontaneously children begin feel rhythm words chant clap rhythms orff teachers found repeated combinations rhythms patterns imprint quickly soon readily recognized reproduced music reading writing echo clapping teacher claps rhythmic pattern measures imitated children exercise designed develop listening skills quick reaction rhythmic memory feeling form clap improvise rhythmic patterns duple triple meter gradually increased difficulty include dotted rhythms syncopation triplets
recorder popular social instrument young alike centuries recognized musical instrument musical toy pleasing flutelike tone range octaves tuned notes produced wealth music written recorder ages recorder serve aid learning read music provide invaluable preband preorchestra experience children classroom teachers fun learning play developing musical skills women low voices melody instrument teaching children songs recorders effectively bells autoharps guitars orff instruments try combinations instruments performing songs sections book records holes key cover eighth hole small holes place eighth hole pictured part harmony soprano alto tenor bass played soprano tenor alto bass recorders schools soprano generally occasional addition alto low harmony parts instruction chapter limited soprano recorder plastic piece recorder economical practical school student recorder wood wood recorder requires greater care plastic recorder wood recorder oiled played instrument oil part swab lightly moistened woodwind oil oil fipple aperture
autoharp chromaharp similar autoharp guitar commonly today substitutes supplements piano accompanying school music singing autoharp colorful versatile social musical instruments extensively schools camps churches homes learn play easy lessons classroom teacher access piano play ready harmonies song accompaniments simply pressing buttons strumming strings rhythm autoharp commonly autoharps bar bar models thirty piano type strings piano related music scale chord bars chord bars felts designed stop vibration strings required chord played names chord bars instrument string attached tuning pin autoharp box times store dry place temperature handle carefully moving bumping jarring impair tuning autoharp range nearly octaves divided registers low medium high special sound register variation rhythmic tonal effects demonstrated pages autoharp tuned placing tuning key pin attached string tuned key turned tighten string raise pitch left loosen string lower pitch
guitar descendant ancient lute family rapidly popular social instruments generation difficult play autoharp ukulele holds prominent place instrument accompanying singing schools teacher play guitar distinct advantage motivating children teenagers singing activities melody harmony played guitar versatile instrument recognized rate solo instrument concert stage recordings andres segovia julian bream john williams oscar ghiglia christopher parkening narciso yepes colorful asset motivation listening lessons classroom numerous models makes guitars manufactured today types playing common types guitars especially classroom nylon string classical guitar steel string flat top guitar acoustic amplified electric amplified basic difference types tone quality nylon string classical guitar dark mellow quality steel string flat top bright brassy sound classical guitar recommended beginners nylon strings taut easier fingers guitar covered times store dry place temperature change strings months signs wear corrosion string breaks shows wear strings need changing slacken strings playing loose strings tune faster pitch
tenth century horizontal red line drawn text neumes written line position relation approximate pitch later line drawn yellow red line eleventh century line staff appeared included line line additional lines neumes square diamond shaped combined staff neumes capability indicating specific pitches line staff notate gregorian chant mensural measured notation system included durational values pitch developed thirteenth century single melody free rhythm gregorian chant plainsong gave measured music included parts descant later harmony counterpoint approximately notes predominantly black heads filled renaissance period composers white notation note heads filled tablature notation type instrumental notation found fifteenth sixteenth seventeenth centuries pitch illustrated numbers letters series lines staff represented strings keyboard holes individual instrument illustrates type italian tablature chitarra guitar numbers represent frets fingers means open string lines strings instrument beneath tablature music modern notation present system notation evolved thirteenth century practices treatise mensural notation de musica mensurabili ars cantus mensurabilis franco cologne active fundamental rules modern notation line staff appeared thirteenth century
diatonic literally tones defines scale mixed half steps occasional step half individual tone plays role tone tonic scale point rest considered stable tones lead creating varying degrees tension relaxation tonic note focal point scale stable note point greatest relaxation diatonic melodies frequently shaped composers end tonic note times word diatonic tone part scale pattern distinguished nondiatonic tone belong scale pattern major scale scale pitches steps separating adjacent tones half steps fourth degrees seventh eighth degrees eighth pitch letter treated duplication adjacent keys black white piano half step illustration shows beginning playing order white keys major scale results major scale pattern half steps duplicated pitch rewriting called transposition major scale transposed tone called major scale preceding illustration major scale seen sharp major scale pattern half steps carried transposition
harmonic minor scale natural minor scale raised seventh degree added impetus raised seventh degree melodic thrust tonic major dominant triad raising seventh degree step half develop sixth seventh degrees half step seventh eighth degrees accidentals raise seventh degree key signature pattern half steps shown illustration mozart excerpt utilizes harmonic minor scale notice presence sharps measures melodic minor scale appears ascending descending form ascending form includes raised sixth seventh degrees producing half steps seventh eighth degrees descending form coincides exactly natural minor melodic minor scale developed composers liked urgency raised seventh found step half interval sixth seventh degrees harmonic minor scale rough especially smooth vocal writing melodic minor scale evolved descending melodic passages need exists raised seventh composers natural minor lowered seventh sixth degrees excerpt includes ascending descending forms melodic minor scale practice forms minor scale composers single composition certainly examination music literature especially vocal choral reveals composers considered natural harmonic melodic minor arrangements scale form according need
melody organized sucession tones distinguished harmony comprises tones simultaneity tones sounding linear aspect music properties sound pitch duration intensity govern flow melody ways interact constitute vital component art music important forces organize direct melody discussed chapter step progression consists selected tones adjacent moving step giving melody direction conditions vital formation step progressions adjacent components move step half step step progression direction occasion step progression direction follow immediately opposite direction factors relating step progressions step progressions length spanning phrase measures ordering single measure entire movement limit number tones step progression step progressions ten tones importance step progression depends importance tones step progressions incidental tones minor consequence formed vital melodic tones major significance melody step progression occur simultaneously melody unaccompanied suites sonatas stringed instruments bach inherent melodies tones receive stress tones repeated tones longer duration
structural tones produced repeated notes remembered selection structural tones entirely objective procedure tones equal importance occasion compete title structural tone listeners differ opinions concerning proper selection individuals rely dictates providing substantiated logic sound reasoning instances individual preferences differ notes structural tones choice notes suggested dotted lines logical choice examples analytical interpretations melody set dynamic markings change accents alters selection structural tones excerpt american folk song rewritten show structural pitches intrinsic sequence tones change durations intensity altered secondary tone tone elaborates structural tone outlining chords secondary tones lie intervals larger step structural tones embellish secondary tones spaced close structural tone support heighten dominating effect structural tone diatonic key related music seventeenth nineteenth centuries secondary tones relate structural tones harmonic implication outlining chords harmonic implication secondary tone exists twentieth century music clarity function clouded complex contemporary harmony melodies music literature analyzed structural secondary tones
song form broad misleading term designate part form frequently homophonic part form combining period double period structures form large related musical unit term included illustrate growth process begins motive grows phrases periods double periods produce song form detailed discussion song forms chapter part form composers seek modify length phrase variety eliminates dullness continued length phrases phrases extended half normal length destroying essential characteristics phrases extended beginning repeating sequencing opening tones small melodic group groups repeated middle phrase extend length elaborating repeating cadence cadence figure individual cadence chords effective extend phrase phrase mutation modifies phrase change mode major parallel minor vice versa repetition refers reiteration melodic figure group voice sequence restatement melodic figure instrumental vocal part higher lower pitch structure figure maintained separate unit sequence called section leg common basic methods melodic elaboration found eighteenth nineteenth centuries characteristics sequences follow order classed sequence legs present
term renaissance refers historically area rebirth culture intellectual curiosity dark ages began christopher columbus child middle period saw rise protestant reformation movement spurred martin luther reached zenith shakespeare overriding function music renaissance period sacred contribute worship greatly overshadowed sacred music period secular works exist important part literature volume vocal music outweighed instrumental music period choral music fully established choruses shortly beginning renaissance reach full flower era choruses small groups twelve fifteen singers today chorus include hundred history choral group divided parts familiar soprano alto tenor bass referred mixed chorus late renaissance music required part soprano tenor works sixteen part choruses exceptional choruses frequently accompanied instrumental groups doubled voice parts chapels groups sang cappella unaccompanied baroque period baroque composers arranged words sung texts easily heard preferred tonality systems modality renaissance instrumental music age began assume importance vocal music history
veritable flood styles invaded music period present revolt traditional tonality brought comparatively conservative style known free tonality preserves idea tonal center discards diatonic key systems offshoot revolution atonality complete absence tonality witnessed composers schoenberg berg webern tonality negated system musical organization known serial technique developed composers experimented methods scale construction result microtonal traditional half step scales developed including utilized quarter tone doubled number pitches octave scale alois haba leading proponent style wrote number compositions keyboard instruments musique concrete term denote musical compositions employ sounds produced musical instruments nature processed tape recorder electronic means additional freedom composition accomplished combinations sound generated impossible direct methods electronic sound generator electronic synthesizer tool composers sought ways produce music device differs musique concrete tones created oscillation electrical waves generated nature processed compositions prepared means recorded directly tape recorders performed live audience aleatoric chance music developed twentieth century roots distant past composers performers
major minor dominant seventh chord diatonic seventh chord built degree major harmonic minor melodic minor scales major minor sound major triad minor seventh root seventh dominant function sound appears diatonically place tonal systems fourth degree melodic minor scale iv capacity common uniqueness major minor dominant seventh chord preserved found frequently dominant triad illustration beethoven concerto typical widespread seventh chords including inverted manner triads positions seventh chord illustrated chart numbers analysis designate positions chord derived intervals bass note triads conventional practice eliminates unlike major minor triads seventh chord dissonance seventh factor major minor triads comparatively free move seventh chords restricted added factor musical style affected seventh factor seventh chord treated emergence sixteenth century post romantic impressionistic periods composers routinely resolved dissonant seventh factor downward step succeeding chord tonic triad common practice means represents technique important investigate broader treatment
strong dominant tonic relationship began wane period secondary dominant function common devices parallel chords found favor composers traditional practices including secondary dominants failed meet stylistic expressive requirements post romantic impressionistic period illustration secondary dominant manner found traditional romantic literature fleeting suggestion foreign key sharp major brought secondary dominant modifying leading tone triad altered leading tone chord traditionally diminished major treatment secondary dominant follows secondary dominant generally progresses tonicized chord infrequently chord progresses root step secondary dominant effect similar deceptive cadence true dominant ignores natural progression tonic chooses vi chord found root position inversion part writing handled unaltered counterpart chord function leading tone doubled conventional part writing practices apply major minor seventh chord regularly progresses tonicized chord roots common progression secondary dominant seventh chord infrequently chord progresses seventh chord resolve properly step lie relationship root tonicized chord alternate resolution chord root step secondary dominant seventh chord
clutter disease american writing society strangling unnecessary words circular constructions pompous frills meaningless jargon understand viscous language everyday american commerce enterprise business letter interoffice memo corporation report notice bank explaining latest simplified statement member insurance medical plan decipher brochure tells costs benefits father mother put child toy christmas eve eve instructions box national tendency inflate sound important airline pilot wakes announce presently anticipating experiencing considerable weather wouldn dream saying storm ahead bumpy sentence simple wrong secret writing strip sentence cleanest components word serves function word short word adverb carries meaning verb passive construction leaves reader unsure thousand adulterants weaken strength sentence occur ironically proportion education rank late president major university wrote letter mollify alumni spell campus unrest aware began experiencing considerable potentially explosive expressions dissatisfaction isues partially related meant students hassling things upset president english student potentially explosive expressions dissatisfaction
admit nonfiction writers tom wolfe norman mailer hunter thompson built remarkable houses writers spent learning craft raised fanciful turrets hanging gardens surprise dreamed ornamentation knew tom wolfe overnight tom wolfe learn hammer nails build sturdy serviceable satisfaction plain strength impatient find style embellish plain words readers recognize special reach gaudy similes tinseled adjectives style buy style store drape words bright decorator colors decorator colors colors decorators resist shopping expedition style store style organic person writing part hair bald lack trying add style adding toupee glance bald looks young handsome glance toupee glance look problem look groomed admire wigmaker perfect skill point look problem writer sets deliberately garnish prose lose makes unique reader notice putting airs
february plainclothes patrolman frank serpico knocked door suspected brooklyn heroin pusher door opened crack serpico shouldered met cal pistol slug crashing face survived buzzing fragments head causing dizziness permanent deafness left ear painful suspicion set shooting policemen serpico waging lonely war routine endemic corruption claim rife york city police department efforts sending shock waves ranks york finest impact commission upcoming report felt serpico hope upcoming report felt upcoming permanent deafness early tell makes buzzing fragments buzz thought serpico head buzzing lazinesses logic makes story infinitely tired failure writer reach nearest cliche shouldered met crashing face waging lonely war corruption rife sending shock waves york finest dreary phrases constitute journalese worst writing banal expect surprise awaits form bizarre word oblique look hands hack
gods boy played baseball capable transformation short simply walking field pee wee skinny slim bones professional level power transformation absolutely jovian sports writers competed drape players names heroic proportion george sultan swat simply knocking baseballs fence recently fact baseball allowed public charlie pete nick baseball boy love overstatement melodrama comedy charlie pete nick guys dropped saturday night baseball baseball boyhood dullness distilled kind capered golden sunshine unforgettable big train big chief fordham flash iron horse rajah lived joltin joe em tony twinkletoes selkirk king kong keller bananas bonura georgia peach sal barber contended stan leo lip correct question inside crowd double beat bambino record sign baseball outgrowing boyhood decline nickname voltage mets won series ago despite publicity suggesting boyish gaudiness dull bunch pronounce eminently forgettable collection als rons jerrys eds georges tommys suspicion marvelous marv throneberry carried mets roster fellow team reasonably memorable nickname
think nature gave whiskers mustache quaint idea mind prove attractive female attracting whiskers mustaches nervous gloomy somersaults tilting lances performing feats parlor magic win attention bring candy flowers furs animals common knowledge spite love displays male constantly turned insulted thrown house comforting discover peacock gorgeous plumage easy courtship males peahen turned faintly stirred suitor beautiful train quietly sleep whisking britannica tells peacock actually learn trick wake revive interest learn vibrate quills rustling sound ancient times observing ways peacock tried vibrating whiskers rustling sound didn things gifts unlikely idea flies birds making headway rustling sounds flies family empidae tried finally hit pretty special contrived glistening transparent balloon larger
cops learn meet kids level learn answer adolescent mysteries kids choose street corner local hangout brand recreational facilities neighborhood simple fact nature recreational facilities geared program boys boys going choose girls girls local hangout biological factors precedence basketball cops learn conditions home environment ghetto find kids act cops beat actually seen mother affair daddy let cops seen mother needle stick arm high ghetto kid seen looked mother affair stranger course told daddy friends talk bedroom talk closing door mother thought kid peek keyhole peeked keyhole saw saw street seen mother affair stranger cop going tell naturally start swinging cop react swing momma cop home ghetto kid find learned language front kid angry curse words fly hear words age assume dirty word defensive weapon walk street girl says stink naturally angry threatened natural turn say kiss butt natural heard mother father dirty language threatening conditions
venture family unit repeat process minor trip seaside load car personal belongings temporary portable territory arriving beach stake small territorial claim marking rugs towels baskets belongings return seaboard wanderings leave bathe retains characteristic territorial quality family groups arriving recognize setting home bases respectful distance beach filled marked spaces newcomers start position inter base distance reduced forced pitch existing beach territories feel momentary sensation intrusion established owners feel similar sensation invasion directly inconvenienced territorial scene played parks fields riverbanks family groups gather clustered units rivalry spaces creates mild feelings hostility true say territorial system sharing space limited dominance chaotic disorder enters waiting room sits end row empty chairs predict enter seat sit sit end choose position halfway points enter largest gap left sit roughly middle eventually latest newcomer forced select seat places seated
grant son tanner western frontier lee hard embodied eternal toughness sinewy fiber grew mountains body owed reverence obeisance fault cared past sharp eye future frontier precise opposites tidewater aristocrats surge alleghenies opening western country deep implicit dissatisfaction past settled grooves stood democracy reasoned conclusion proper ordering human society simply grown middle democracry knew worked society privileges privileges won forms patterns meant born chance show rise competition feeling deep sense belonging national community westerner developed farm opened shop set business trader hope prosper community prospered community ran atlantic pacific canada mexico land settled towns highways accessible markets saw fate terms nation destiny horizons expanded words acute dollars cents stake continued growth development country
explain strange scene recourse jargon psychoanalysis murky cliches existentialism strange society apparently erupting midst understand shape development terms strikes incomprehensible took fresh look racing rate change makes reality kaleidoscope run wild acceleration change merely buffet industries nations concrete force reaches deep personal lives compels act roles confronts danger powerfully upsetting psychological disease disease called future shock knowledge sources symptoms helps explain things defy rational analysis parallel term culture shock begun creep popular vocabulary culture shock effect immersion strange culture unprepared visitor peace corps volunteers suffer borneo brazil marco polo suffered cathay culture shock happens traveler suddenly finds place yes mean fixed price negotiable waiting outer office insult laughter signify anger happens familiar psychological cues help individual function society suddenly withdrawn replaced strange incomprehensible culture shock phenomenon accounts bewilderment frustration disorientation plagues americans dealings societies
degree involved control earth beginning dawn means revolution human thought easily inconclusive revolutions topic trying minds feel nature soon arrived kind consensus enormous committee found think oldest easiest swallow idea earth personal property combination garden zoo bank vault energy source disposal consumed ornamented pulled wished betterment mankind understood point thing mastery nature mystery moral duty social obligation wrenched looking arrived general agreement wrong argue details conceded masters nature thought dependent rest leaves midges fish part system put earth loosely formed spherical organism working parts linked symbiosis view owners operators motile tissue specialized receiving information worlds functioning nervous system dependency view prefer separate qualitatively special species unlike form despite sharing genes enzymes organelles
tarantulas customarily live deep cylindrical burrows emerge dusk retire dawn mature males wander dark search females occasionally stray houses mating male dies weeks female lives longer mate succession paris museum tropical specimen living captivity fertilized female tarantula lays eggs single tarantula produce thousand young takes care weaving cocoon silk enclose eggs hatch young walk find convenient places dig burrows spend rest lives solitude eyesight tarantulas poor limited sensing change intensity light perception moving objects apparently sense hearing hungry tarantula pay attention loudly chirping cricket cage insect happens touch legs spiders especially hairy extremely delicate sense touch laboratory experiments prove tarantulas distinguish types touch pressure body wall stroking body hair riffling fine hairs legs called trichobothria pressure body finger end pencil tarantula move slowly short distance touch excites defensive response approach spider motion case rises hind legs lifts front legs opens fangs holds threatening posture object continues move
women home seventy thousand dollars psychiatrist home half congresswoman shirley chisholm salary forty quickest woman ahead country oldest profession prostitution veteran streetwalker explained runaway breaking status power body give re sitting gold mine summer york city hue cry goes crack prostitution close massage parlors buy york boomtown hustlers increased drugs assume began change york penal code ago loitering purpose prostitution reduced police commissioner leary misdemeanor violation girls found guilty pross collar rarely jail judges let twenty fifty dollar fine week pay amounts license word change spread interest pimp grapevine country york wide open today guess states largest pipeline shipping prostitutes york order minnesota massachusetts michigan ohio lots fair haired girls minnesota street names tiffany marion librarian couldn american phenomenon prostitute dream upward mobile middle class american pie dream number wants money high style clothes model apartment candy color wigs teeth capped
classed basic forms prose description nearly supporting device exposition argument narration vivid understandable support exposition elements description times description carries entire burden explanation basic pattern expository purpose description painting word picture concrete scene person restricted perceive senses describe attempt describe abstract concept emotion quality mood attempts describe fear instance resort physical coldness heart concrete ways communicate abstract reader extreme forms description objective impressionistic subjective extremes objective description purely factual uncolored feelings author type scientific papers business reports impressionistic description term implies tinges purely factual author personal impressions describing objectively describes subjectively description refer blazing heat august impressionistic extreme heat scientist describe precisely degrees fahrenheit purely objective reporting unaffected impressions author examples included section textbooks courses utilize technique pure objective description encyclopedias
lobby security guard ejecting derelict begun drink bottle hidden coat pocket regular days ago says nurse checked pretty okay believe clean clothes gave blackened filth leaves quietly young hispanic interrupts saying pregnant girl friend sitting car bleeding heavily vagina rushed examination room treated closed doors rolled observation ward later night gynecologist treat special room examine rape victims nearby curtains neurologist examines white woman determine headaches due head injury trauma room cleared cleaned mercilessly examination rooms quarters full overdose asthmatics young woman abdominal pains hallway derelict sleeping urinates stretcher sleeps attendants change clothes ambulance patrol manhattan bellevue street houston river river delivers middle aged white woman cops soaking wet woman escaped psychiatric floor nearby hospital tried drown east river cops fished lies stretcher shivering beneath white blankets eyes stare ceiling speaks clearly administrative worker begins routine questioning cops hospital gowns wait receive tetanus shots gamma globulin hedge infection befouled river water
mansion spent minutes game room restless end week spend hours shot drinking vodka trying record scores machine realize reason rush services mansion night unnecessary hurry rush glance watch order meet schedule exist easy play pins couple hours order movies row house orgy night pleasant easy low key hypnotic kind soothing pleasure increasingly magnetic things shirts dirty play pins swim room shirts laundered hung closet edition newspapers appears regularly living room breakfast area bunnies meals snack tired room service telephone rings voice tells buffet served living room attend begin excuses avoid going mansion easier meet appointment call tell meet mansion suprising live mansion stories arisen concerning evil things befall bunnies talk victor lownes town mugged learned lesson chicago seldom leaves house
parody gross exhibit instance patches kind english seen full translation beginning ending sentence follow original meaning fairly closely middle concrete illustrations race battle bread dissolve vague phrase success failure competitive activities modern writer kind discussing capable phrases objective consideration contemporary phenomena tabulate thoughts precise detailed tendency modern prose concreteness analyze sentences closely forty words sixty syllables words everyday thirty words ninety syllables eighteen words latin roots greek sentence vivid images phrase chance called vague single fresh arresting phrase spite ninety syllables shortened version meaning contained doubt kind sentence gaining ground modern english want exaggerate kind writing universal outcrops simplicity occur worst written page told write lines uncertainty human fortunes nearer imaginary sentence ecclesiastes tried show modern writing worst consist picking words sake meaning inventing images order meaning clearer
cliches tired expressions fresh colorful overused lost effectiveness trite hackneyed term applied commonly trite ideas attitudes need cliches conversation course quick economical phrase important tool expression expects constantly original fortunate large accumulation cliches draw describe straining originality declare innocent lamb thin rail fat pig dumb ox sly fox wise owl financially embarrassed fly ointment ship age grim reaper eternal reward large stockpile draw ordinary conversation trite expression written paper permanent reminder writer lazy aware dullness stereotypes damaging clue ideas threadbare adequately expressed threadbare language occasionally course writer obvious cliches deliberately purposes roiphe par sheehy par lawrence par fully effective writing fresh written specifically occasion cliches fresh lost qualities
figures speech short vivid comparisons stated implied literal comparisons car car presumably plain statement fact figures speech imaginative imply analogy unlike analogy inform quick forceful impressions figurative language comparison unlikes unlikes interesting point likeness noticed metaphor merely suggests comparison worded unlikes thing language river turned blood twain par chapter american catton par examples book baker highet roiphe toffler thomas halsey barzun selzer simile classified special kind metaphor expresses similarity directly word kaleidoscope run wild toffler par illustrations barber par rettie par thomas par halsey par angelou par personification actually special type metaphor simile classified figure personification inanimate things treated qualities powers person baker essay hall refers concepts clothed character par brown concludes big beautiful bountiful black bitch label personification characterization inanimate objects animals animals humans descriptions love displays thurber piece allusion literally casual reference alluding rhetorically limited figurative reference famous literary person event quotation distinguished casual reference literal function subject matter
intellectualism french found level society cafe waiter taxicab driver restaurateur called france stimulating frequently exasperating conversationalists anarchistic voluble taxicab driver deliberately provoke arguments easy thing say hundreds discussions cabs remains memory uniquely superbly french occurred country possibly brooklyn exists species akin spirit actual form french midnight paris rolling quai avenue bosquet live left bank river seine pont alexandre iii cab slowed traffic light red stopping sailed red light sudden burst speed performance repeated alma bridge paid driver asked driven red lights ashamed veteran breaking law endangering protested looked astonished ashamed proud law abiding citizen desire killed cut protest listen complain red light stop consider red light means certainly replied stop signal means traffic rolling opposite direction
watched train conductor head car tickets tickets virile age thought passengers seize conductor strap seat radiator share fate patrons shuffled aisle picking tickets punching commutation cards addressed word approached seat drew deep breath resolution conductor began considerable edge voice instantly doleful eyes seatmate turned tiredly newspaper fix resentful stare question important justify sibilant intrusion stupor shaken eyes incapable making discreet fuss mumbled question due stamford didn evey ask dehydration expected set reply newspaper wiping brow conductor nonchalantly walked gauntlet eighty sweating americn freemen asked explain passengers car consigned suffer temperature outdoors degrees indoors air conditioner broken obviously happens curse born temperature outdoors freezing takes positive act part set temperature indoors valve turned furnace overstocked thermostat maladjusted easily remedied turning heat allowing outdoors indoors
knows human chicken comes egg early stage human embryo forms layered tube inside layer grows stomach lungs middle layer bones muscles joints blood vessels layer skin nervous system grow equally average human fair mixture brains muscles organs eggs layer grows angels finished putting child gut brain brain muscle happens individual activities overgrown layer say average human mixture mainly digestion minded muscle minded brain minded correspondingly digestion muscle brain digestion look thick muscle look wide brain look mean taller brainier means short looks wide thick concerned goes mind eats key factor slenderness height hand impression thick wide interested steak idea walk medical greek words describe types body build body shape depends inside layer egg word endormorph
shopping puppy presents number problems writes wm cary duncan author dog training easy shopping puppy presented problems puppies dogs entered scores result shopping trip act god puppy owned shopped born collie bitch postman older sister express washington crate addition puppy bar peters chocolate ripe frankfurter puppy shopped won raffle extremes puppies unshopped acquire dogs dogs acquire maybe shop don assume problems certainly arrive plenty turn possession dog today thing possession dog turn century dog fed mashed potato brown gravy lived doghouse arched portal today dog fed scraped beef vitamin lives bed awful lot nonsense written dogs persons don attempt elevate purebred position national elegance main success dogs mate dogs casually results discouraging american kennel club entirely satisfactory small boys liked puppies
guess sport spectating involves vicarious pleasures identifying athletic prowess suspect sport fundamental myth elaborates fans pleasure watching games derives part belonging briefly mythical game players bring especially interested baseball football popular uniquely american began unlike basketball widely exported mythically games apply culture baseball myth easier identify greater historical perspective game instant success industrialization reaction squalor faster pace dreariness conditions baseball fashioned start conceived nostalgia resuscitation jeffersonian dream established artificial rural environment removed toil urban spectators admitted temporarily breathe baseball pastoral sport think game understood kind art baseball pastoral creates atmosphere exists harmony consider instance spatial organization game kind controlled openness created fan home plate crowd sees game arranged perspective rarely violated visually means game seen constant calm players playing field viewed relationship
analogy special form comparison specific purpose explain abstract difficult understand showing similarity concrete easy understand commonly technique logical comparison contrast analogy nonetheless highly efficient means explaining difficult concepts giving added force explanations logical comparison members general class assuming kind interest subject matter analogy concerned subject matter help explain subjects incomparable respects general class logical comparison analogy analogy effective writer able assume reader familiar easier subject quickly helps explain difficult common explanation human circulatory system trouble comprehending comparing heart arteries pump forcing water pipes plumbing system analogy carried liken effect cholesterol deposits walls arteries mineral deposits accumulate inside water pipes eventually close entirely logical similarity steel pipe human artery analogical similarity apparent readers analogy greater confusion pumps distinguishing analogy metaphor difficult difference basically purpose function metaphor merely describe create vivid image reader function analogy primarily exposition explain describe
writers reading drafts aware audience put reader situation sure deliver information reader wants needs manner easily digested writers try sure anticipate answer questions critical reader ask reading piece writing writers sure form subject audience form genre vehicle carries meaning reader form selected writer adequate information discover significance audience needs wants meaning writers sure form look structure order written writing built solid framework logic argument narrative motivation runs entire piece writing holds writers find effective outline visualizing hidden spine piece writing supported element writers spend majority development section piece writing adequately developed give readers information satisfied information difficult asking garlic belongs salad taste beginning writers underdevelop underestimating reader hunger information writers solve development problems consider questions dimension pleasing effective proportion parts piece writing continual process subtracting adding piece writing balance
unlike process analysis merely tells causal analysis seeks explain combined need driven car successfully told knowing caring thing moved turned key worked pedal effects complicated need explanation requires simple statement car sit garage owner money license tag explanation frequently analysis required basic pattern exposition explain fully war depression election results writer seek encountered ultimate basic underlying factors help explain apparent business professional students pressing need type analysis fully understand report failing sales campaign diminishing church membership local increase traffic accidents teenage hard drugs disastrous warehouse fire faulty electrical wiring attributed turn company unwise economy measures traced undue pressures management show large profits written analysis logically stop point course depending entirely purpose reader audience intended similarly ultimate effects action situation need fully explored
search identity predestined fail identity found pharaoh daughter found moses bulrushes identity built built minute myriad choices small large human beings determine identity fatal weakness fashionable approach personality awareness addicts wonderfulness static perfect need change genuine identity matures identity set concrete age trouble idea universal wonderfulness apparent beholders week course expression fantasy fantasy gain wide popular acceptance realizable fact society tries produce prevalent psychological type serve ends type prone emotional malfunctions early capitalism producing society ideal type acquisitive fanatically devoted hard fiercely repressive sex emotional malfunctions type liable hysteria obsession later capitalism today capitalism consuming society psychological type strives create order build largest markets shallow easily swayed characterized infatuation respect emotional malfunction type narcissism argued cult individuals lot expense healthy egotists rude abusive
cantina night spot barrio country club den rites puberty enacted young taverns young dude shows machismo quantity beer hold stories rucas willingness ability defend image hardened scarred lions frantic wish flee absurd leave familiar nervously step strange cold anglo community needs chicano met barrio barrio closeness family living unit familial relationships stretch neighbors block corner parts barrio feeling family rare treasurable sentiment pervades accounts inability leave barrio attitude manifested countenances faces homes gaiety gardens color splashed homes arrest eyes arouse curiosity wonder scenes played flimsy brightly colored wood frame houses ignore neon brilliant color houses trimmed orange chartreuse lime green yellow mixtures hues beckon beholder reflect peculiarity home passing land refreshing brubeck narcoticizing revolting rows similar houses offend evenings porches front yards occupied calmly talking noise children playing baseball unpaved extension living room women cook supper gossip female neighbors water jardines
clearest differences gay stright bar gay bar attention patrons focused directly gay bar patrons sitting bar face bar look room door patron walks receives deal scrutiny engaged conversation naturally assume interlocutors turn watch entering patron course part pervasive looking cruising goes bar deal milling bar individuals tend engage short superficial conversations try circuit bar stopping chat friends shortness superficiality conversations bar mirror brevity shallowness interpersonal relations characterize gay heterosexual observers homosexuals habitues bar scene expres perplexity bars understand going bewildered sight young standing communicating patrons stand walls hours speaking move room talk length heterosexual observer felt room standing waiting important figure course comes
twenty catherine genovese called kitty neighborhood returning home job manager bar hollis parked red fiat lot adjacent kew gardens island rail road station facing mowbray place residents neighborhood parked arrival connecticut ago railroad frowns practice turned lights car locked door started walk feet entrance apartment austin street tudor building stores floor apartments entrance apartment rear building front rented retail stores night quiet neighborhood shrouded slumbering darkness marks residential areas miss genovese noticed end lot story apartment house austin street halted nervously headed austin street lefferts boulevard call box police precinct nearby richmond hill street light front bookstore grabbed screamed lights story apartment house austin street faces bookstore windows slid open voices punctuated early morning stillness miss genovese screamed god stabbed help help upper windows apartment house called let girl assailant looked shrugged walked austin street white sedan parked short distance
think birmingham influenced view argues outsiders coming honor serving president southern christian leadership conference organization operating southern headquarters atlanta georgia eighty affiliated organizations south alabama christian movement human rights frequently share staff educational financial resources affiliates months ago affiliate birmingham asked call engage nonviolent direct action program deemed readily consented hour lived promise members staff invited organizational ties basically birmingham injustice prophets eighth century left villages carried saith lord boundaries home towns apostle paul left village tarsus carried gospel jesus christ corners roman compelled carry gospel freedom home town paul constantly respond macedonian call aid cognizant interrelatedness communities states sit idly atlanta concerned happens birmingham injustice threat justice caught inescapable network mutality tied single garment destiny affects directly affects indirectly
yes questions mind deep disappointment wept laxity church assured tears tears love deep disappointment deep love yes love church unique position son grandson grandson preachers yes church body christ blemished scarred body social neglect fear nonconformists church powerful early christians rejoiced deemed worthy suffer believed days church merely thermometer recorded ideas principles popular opinion thermostat transformed mores society early christians entered town power disturbed immediately sought convict christians disturbers peace agitators christians pressed conviction colony heaven called obey god small number big commitment god intoxicated astronomically intimidated effort brought end ancient evils infanticide gladiatorial contests things contemporary church weak ineffectual voice uncertain sound archdefender status quo disturbed presence church power structure average community consoled church silent vocal sanction things
readers apt sensitive creatures easy lose course writers real losers presumably want communicate readers paragraph territory familiar chances continue identifying landmarks begin feel uneasy start worrying slow comprehension dislike author subject matter communication block arises likely author soon fewer readers policy progression ideas exceptionally smooth obvious provide kind familiar identification early paragraph reader feeling ease ideas effect subtle important familiar landmarks transitional devices applied deliberately naturally especially prospective reader constantly mind writing equally important reason kinds transitional devices logical functioning bridges ideas assist basic organization pointing relationship ideas contributing readability transitional devices bridging paragraph improve transitional flow paragraphs roughly classified follows repetition key phrase word pronoun referring word casual reference idea thurber wolfe especially mitford halsey echo superimposed ideas careful planning organic part
wisdom expertise technical skills professional socrates points knowledge impede quest wisdom deluding thinking don contrast wisdom socrates consists critical habit eternal vigilance things reverence truth forms place perspective transcend narrowness smugness arrogance pettiness mundane ego fulfillment viewed wisdom philosophy differently aristotle tried gain organized knowledge understanding nature things relationships part understanding live exposing stated implied assumptions theories methods beliefs philosophy seeks wisdom comes systematically organizing structuring relating data experiences love wisdom encompassing bounded limitations subject discipline view wisdom actively philosophy consists participation change things solve human problems discover meaning existence feel wisdom philosophy helping think clearly precisely philosopher monopoly wisdom meaning socrates critical perspective suggests attitude temperament underlies views perspectives merit wisdom subjects knowledge drop ignorance ocean sense eroded ancient philosophical concerns refine methodology unraveling secrets universe decreased subject matter original philosophical debate
safe say part philosophy lies assisting satisfy higher level needs arise maintenance needs met philosophy contributes satisfaction maintenance needs mentioned previously need security acquire insurance policies extreme measures avoid anxiety inducing situations security needs show levels seek sense variety ways allegiance religious beliefs adherence political systems commitment participation clearly defined ways seeing things living part loyalties behavior betray human need security stems ordered universe sense things philosophy help fact hard imagine place begin ordering process study philosophy goals philosophy integration experience unified coherent systematic view studying philosophy exposes view alternatives philosophers ordered universe stated personal level philosophy aims integrate thought feeling action meaningful result philosophy extends range personal alternatives believe things outlooks primarily acculturation thought beliefs perspectives adopted intellectual backdrop granted beliefs optional styles exist suitable fully understand appreciate worth granted ideas philosophy offers opportunity test beliefs outlooks styles
divine view denial rational view contrary plato strongly influenced christian thought philosophers roman plotinus early christian saint augustine observe philosophies similar dualism mind body belief uniqueness human mind divine view holds single personal god created humans image endowed creation consciousness ability love ability makes human beings unique views divine view likely foster universe expression intelligent mind god believers part universe meaning purpose personally share fellowship god purpose found serving loving god christian serve love god emulating jesus nazareth jesus find expression highest virtue love love perform selfless acts develop keen sense social mindedness realize creatures god worthwhile thou shalt love thy neighbor thyself lev jew serves loves god primarily expressions justice righteousness develops sense honor derived commitment ideals truth humility fidelity kindness commitment produces sharp sense responsibility family community religious view fosters concept moral capable evil refuse serve love god commit greatest evil
today realization goal continues find philosophical expression british philosopher francis herbert bradley argues satisfaction achieves realization harmonious integration desires person individual point egoist necessarily hedonist contrary ethical egoists hold theory agree individuals pursue courses action advance term interests ethical egoism pose number problems issue conflicting interests kurt baier expressed graphically asks imagine presidential candidates call brown kory interests elected succeed follows brown interest kory brown elected vice versa similarly brown interest kory kory liquidated vice versa important brown rid kory fact wrong brown likewise kory knowing liquidation brown interests steps foil brown endeavors wrong kory follows writes baier kory prevents brown liquidating act wrong wrong wrong prevention brown duty wrong brown wrong kory duty wrong kory
beth broheimer annoyed question thought think thief think companies advantage think stealing money places worked believe honest steal beth decided odd questions ask applying job gap chain hundred modern clothing outlets specializing shirts jackets levi jeans questions knew member family stealing place works think report owner company tempted company money actually taking trouble costs think okay law don actually break questions answer simple gap numerous discount drug stores banks brokerage houses fast food restaurants subjecting beth preemployment screen determine likely steal firm employee determination yes claim sponsors test reid report devised reid associates polygraph firm based chicago reid report asks questions job candidate relate indirectly inventory purpose precept implies increasing awareness sanctity easily mistakenly read thou kill remember thou shalts buddhist morality important injunction murder wanton killing suggests abstinence injuring harming living things
hard determinism indeterminism share assumption determinism incompatible moral responsibility confronted choice determinism responsibility responsibility determinism hard determinists choose determinism indeterminists choose responsibility contrast soft determinists attempt reconcile freedom responsibility determinism limiting concepts point evident incompatibility vanishes soft determinists concede sense humans choose act individual characters determined sense humans free compulsion conduct unhampered choose free agents janet character part product forces wholly shaped contrary helped shape character previous personal choices helped janet responsible individual character responsible choices makes according character yes act caused caused kind reason previous personal choices soft determinists claim avoided mistake indeterminsits admit causeless acts hard determinists consider responsibility fiction soft determinism appears wed freedom moral responsibility determinism leaves key questions unanswered janet free act individual character mean subject constraints freedom soft determinism pointless
theoretical construct individualism tolerable primary elements social organization vital psychologically meaningful extremely elements overbearing oppressive today classical individualism lacks pragmatic justification main psychological problem release reintegration essential tenet contemporary psychology sociology individuality studied understood product oriented human interactions words comprehend human nature considering vast array social norms cultural incentives culture product social relationships influence social relationships recognized understand human nature expresses point greatest single lesson drawn social transformations twentieth century phenomena individual insecurity mass quest community intensity motivations freedom cultures connected relationships social organization structural coherence functional significance innumerable observations controlled studies learned discipline values person close continuing relationship discipline values supported human inter relationships words fixing conduct group culture individuals beliefs values secure face ceaseless fluctuations moods influences stimuli assault today fact ten communitarian consciousness emerged shows strong tendency transcend narrow bounds individualism enunciated classical liberalism heightened consciousness takes numerous forms dramatic experimental living ventures attracted millions
dying sobering experience bad final benefit dry run benefit seeing profile basics realizing matters hearing drummer meant march result prisoner lust turn minute age character responds scent morality perceives fully perceive call blowing cobwebs putting things perspective knowing side getting house order cleaning act knows touch scrape death effect imminent death experience aristotle called catharsis purging cleansing emotions drama aristotle result catharsis purifying audience complete emotional involvement play bad tragedy today course empirical evidence healthful catharsis medicine word describes cleansing digestive system psychoanalysis technique cleansing emotions relieve tension anxiety bringing repressions consciousness brush death cleanse irrelevant extraneous superficial purify false needs needs meet standards fun accepted want want dislike dislike seek society values pursuing job position reward scrape death acquaints essentials lives true needs
thing makes characterizing aesthetic response dififcult learned respond objects nonaesthetic ways generally respond cognitively practically part encouraged respond cognitively seek information nature function object respond practically try determine usefulness worth money suppose re responding painting respond cognitively asking questions painter works painter intention executing painter artistic technique artistic tradition painter working students art generally termed contextualists believe external knowledge intensifies aesthetic experience isolationists claim cognitive knowledge unnecessary aesthetic experience fact inhibit experience distracting contextualists isolationists agree response aesthetic response experience hand responded painting practically inquire price look wall ask painting considering question inclined give answer makes bottom line sense feel show cultured conversation piece clearly practical responses aesthetic response experience distracts trouble experience understanding appreciating art derive primary ways learned react things
plato judgment concerning truth physical things rest assertions physical facts correspond forms theory forms complex series statements regarding coherent relationships forms underlying plato system assumption perfect forms exists importantly basis assumption plato justify claims plato claims poetry drama morally objectionable prove think arts represent physical plato physical mere shadow perfect forms arts distract knowing real pure ideas drawing farther farther morally objectionable consistent coherent republic presents utopia plato argues similar consistency central claims perfect forms basic assumption plato attempted system fully coherent knowledge system judgment entailed entailed rest system system rare argue found altogether plato system point conceptually thoroughgoing coherence theory truth aims interdependence brand blanshard contemporary coherence theorist illustrates point nature thought takes number familiar systems arranges series according degree coherence bottom junk heap item clue remaining item
broadly speaking define scientific method investigating phenomenon based collecting analyzing interpreting evidence determine probable explanation illustrate finding car failed start science explanations generally termed hypotheses devising explanation hypothesis car won start check part problem distributor spark plugs points battery cables battery obviously check tires bumpers condition relevant collected relevant sense information analyze interpret steps complex parts inductive method problem solving inductive method induction constitute basis scientific method need close examination let simple suggests science scientists assume explanation exists accounts problem assume things need checked need observations obvious point check relevant criteria largely determined common sense observation selective needs object task interest point view investigations problem occur frame refernce frame expectations expectations experience catalog human knowledge cars start conscious existence profoundly influenced relationships complicated histories parts society complicated evolved history conscious choices set expectations things
question acupuncture works analgesic painkiller ancient chinese practice inserting needles specific points human body twirling passing electric current stop pain question mystifies western medicine tissues stimulated person feels pain needs surgery puzzles apparent inconsistency effectiveness acupuncture analgesic traditional theory pain traditional specificity theory contends specific bodily pain receptors relay messages brain feel pain receptors stimulated direct relationship exists amount pain felt intensity stimulation intense stimulation greater pain correct acupuncture stimulating part body shouldn affect areas neurological links body sites researchers believe melzack asserts specificity theory incorrect proposes gate control theory argues fixed immutable nature transmission pain signals points body brain melzack view process dynamic capable modulation specifically contends gatelike mechanism exists pain signaling system gate open partially open closed instances signals injured tissues reach brain according theory modulation pain signals occur ways large fibers sensory nerves extending body surface central nervous system tend close stimulation lowering level perceived pain areas brain stem modulate pain signals
generally agree existence kind personal survival death religious leaders divided nature source division stems traditions greek christian greek influence originates primarily plato attempted prove existence soul reason plato argued body belongs known physical senses shares nature change impermanence death hand soul reason related permanent unchanging realities aware contemplating things universal eternal ideas related higher lasting realm soul unlike body immortal death souls contemplated eternal realities gravitate eternal ideas despite bodies turning dust christian tradition contrast generally substituted resurrection immortality judaism de emphasizes declines sects resurrection plato considered soul immortal jewish christian view found occasionally testament testament complete human soul body resurrected god belief posits direct intervention theistic god special divine act recreation human utterly dependent love god survival death christians argue evidence resurrection testament belief arises part purpose god argued god contradicting created humans fellowship extinguished purpose unfulfilled
widely read essay drugs religious import professor philosophy huston smith recounts intriguing experiment conducted group princeton students provided students accounts religious experiences occurred influence drugs influence students asked distinguish accounts suddenly burst vast indescribably wonderful universe writing later thrill surprise amazement awesomeness revelation engulfment overwhelming feeling wave gratitude blessed wonderment fresh memory experience vivid happened minutes ago concoct description hint magnitude sense ultimate reality impossible task knowledge infused affected aspect instantaneously complete force certainty impossible doubt validity ignore footnotes answering questions warning kind found wrapped flame colored cloud instant thought fire knew fire directly afterward sense exultation immense joyousness accompanied immediately intellectual illumination impossible describe things merely believe saw universe composed dead matter contrary living presence conscious eternal saw immortal cosmic order peradventure things foundation principle call love happiness run absolutely
moment began shriek cease days terrible heard rooms impossible hear terror moment answered wife felt lost return end absolutely end question settled remained question uu cried varying intonations began shriek ye khotchu won cry letter days struggled black sack invisible invincible power thrusting fought condemned death fights hands hangman knowing save moment felt notwithstanding violence struggle nearer nearer terrified felt suffering consisted fact thrust black hole hindered making confession justification caught let advance tormented suddenly force knocked breast side forcibly compressed breath hurled hole bottom hole light shine happened railway carriage think going forward going backward suddenly recognize true direction
photography common means communication granted occasionally opposite struck amazement century felt saw photograph excitement interest open eyes pictures today photography ways pictures communicate facts things look happened observable data scientific photographs pages pictures communicate intentionally unintentionally ideas social attitudes conventions fashion photographs pages pictures combined words pictures influence opinions pairing industrial pictures pages chapter takes look areas photography science commerce journalism medicine industry personal expression matter actual scene photograph important stop look picture photography transforms passing moment dimensional event frozen instant reduced size flat piece paper black white color print color photographic dyes seldom match colors tones original scene event abstracted remember image front tangible remaining object book background information pictures important reaction print actually look print photographic techniques apparent
cameras basically alike box piece film end hole hole light enter box strike chemically sensitized surface film picture camera primitive sophisticated works job light film form image differences easily job properly things needed shown cutaway drawing begin viewing system sighting device enables user aim camera accurately subject hole admits light camera aperture adjustable device called diaphragm control amount light enters lens collect light project image film movable screen shutter light camera moment arrives taking picture button pressed shutter opens instant admit light satisfactory image film device moving exposed film replacing unexposed piece finally focusing mechanism move lens project sharp images objects cameras cheapest features form kinds cameras reason cameras asked things wide variety conditions specialized
object moves front camera image projected film lens move object moves swiftly shutter open moving image register blurred indistinct shutter speeded blur reduced eliminated control effect advantage fast shutter speed freeze moving object showing position instant football player jumping pass bird flight slow shutter speed hand deliberately accentuate blurring suggest feeling motion suggest movement pan follow motion object camera panning blurs background keeping moving object sharp makes object racing forward rapidly range effects obtainable varying shutter speed camera movement shown views bicycle rider picture left bicycle moved exposure leave broad blur film photograph shutter speed stopped motion effectively hard tell bicycle moving moving subject vary speed affect shutter speed needed stop motion peak movement reverses peak jump descent motion slows slow shutter speed record action sharply amount blurring photograph determined simply fast object moves
kinds pictures want ultimately determine kinds lenses want lens taking pictures wild fowl swamps dusk fast order provide light pictures ducks shy magnified lens small photograph clearly seen decide requirements buy guidelines buying camera lenses follow getting camera interchangeable lenses start normal lens ordinarily comes camera anyway familiarize don buy lenses feel strong need kinds pictures focal lengths provide lenses think ahead someday need assortment begin buying lenses increments times focal length combination mm camera mm normal lens general mm wide angle lens close groups photographing scenery mm lens making portraits magnifying distant subjects wary ultra wide angle mm extra mm lenses considerably expensive extreme types specialized usefulness limited adjustable length zoom lenses increasingly popular expensive tend produce sharp image conventional lenses cameras film larger mm require proportionately longer lenses chart
slow film asa choice want show fine detail want enlarge negative considerably minimum grain slow film ability render detail sharply small size silver bromide crystals thinness emulsion thin emulsions reduce internal reflection light crystals effect blurs edges film slow smaller sized crystals yield silver bright sunlight artificial light illuminate subject exposure problem detail film record measured resolving power ability distinguish fine closely spaced lines test lens quality measurement acutance edge sharpness light scatters strikes film slightly blurred boundary light dark edges narrower boundary sharper image produced film film resolution acutance produce definition detail negative enlarged degree medium speed film asa larger grain slow film maintains sharpness film moderate speed able fast shutter speed hand hold camera slower film require tripod hold camera steady longer exposure scene extra film speed important moving objects scene medium speed fast films tonal contrast slow films photographing subjects deep shadows bright highlights
method exposure precise measuring luminance range making reading involves reflected light meter measure luminance important area finding exposure render area dark light want final print decide advance tone important area final photograph easy area uniform luminance reflected light meter recommend exposure render luminance middle gray print meter readings photographs white lace medium gray tweed finally black satin meter exposures record subject middle gray photographs page choose subject adjusting exposures meter give exposure meter area metered lighter middle gray final print exposure area darker middle gray want white lace realistically light showing substance texture expose stops meter recommends want black satin rich dark full texture expose stops meter recommends want tweed medium gray exposure meter areas metered calculating exposures skin tones shadow areas exposure portrait based skin tone subject clothing background vary light dark skin tones sun artificial light realistically rendered stop spread
goal printing full scale print full range tones realistic sense texture substance deliberately depart goal times learning full scale print give control materials later produce kind print want test print helps evaluating print deciding improve test prints judged characteristics density contrast density refers darkness lightness print opposite page top controlled primarily amount exposure paper greater exposure greater density silver produced darker print exposure adjusted opening closing enlarger lens aperture changing length exposure contrast difference brightness light dark areas print full scale print normal contrast density opposite left wide range tones rich blacks shades gray brilliant whites low contrast flat print opposite bottom left gray weak real blacks brilliant whites high contrast hard print opposite bottom harsh large shadow areas dark print solid black highlights light completely white texture detail missing shadows highlights contrast print mainly controlled contrast grade paper pages experience judge density contrast easier adjust steps
photograph held perfectly images durable carved stone turn century beautiful photographic prints produced platinum paper light sensitive coating silver produces image platinum metal frederick evans photographer active turn century masterful platinum prints photograph opposite subtle gradations tone delicately smooth glare free surfaces give unsurpassable clarity depth platinum immune chemical action images virtually indestructible photographs nearly faded brownish yellow scenes lost forever today museums individuals collecting photographs understandably want acquisitions ordinary silver prints processed moderate care maximum permanence archival processing techniques black white pictures archival processing customary method developing fixing washing basically extension ordinary procedures involving extra steps additional expense careful attention fine details principal aim total removal chemicals essential picture making operation ruin image allowed remain finished negative print potentially harmful substances archival processing seeks remove create normal black white image salts silver silver bromide silver chloride development grains silver salts exposed light reduced black metallic silver forms image unexposed grains reduced remain form silver compound
clean careful processing prints small imperfections remove impossible produce print white specks caused dust negative paper printing black specks scratches noticeable light toned area spotting print improves appearance removing distracting marks spotting print completely processed dried exception local reduction bleaching print wet practice essential techniques white spots removed adding dye print tone area spotted matches surrounding tone bottom left liquid photographic dyes spotone sink emulsion match surface gloss unspotted areas sets colors neutral warm brown black cool blue black tones papers matched spotting colors packaged dry pigments coated small cards watercolor paints tend stay top emulsion leave spotted area duller rest print need soft pointed brushes size smaller workers brush small size facial tissue wipe brushes water small flat dish mix colors scrap print margin trimmings test pick drop neutral black brush place mixing dish spread margin trimming compare dye color print spotted add warmer cooler dyes mixing dish spotting color matches print
view camera adjustable requires photographer decisions beginner easily don feeling suggestions set camera sturdy tripod attach cable release shutter mechanism point camera scene controls level camera page left open lens viewing open diaphragm need focusing cloth image clearly center adjust horizontal vertical format roughly frame image ground glass roughly focus adjusting distance camera front camera closer subject need increase distance front subject approximately framed focused precise adjustments moving camera front forward effect magnification image moving camera effect focus change shape perspective objects scene tilt swing camera want move position image film adjusting tripod rising falling shifting movements check focus adjust plane focus tilting swinging lens preview depth field stopping lens diaphragm image want tighten controls check corners viewing screen vignetting need decrease camera movements especially lens movements eliminate vignetting ready exposure close shutter adjust aperture shutter speed cock shutter
want large image small object simplest level enlarge ordinary negative satisfactory loss image quality extreme enlargements picture results close techniques large image negative begin close photography subject focused closer normal camera fitting supplementary lens front regular lens opposite increasing distance lens film insertion extension tubes bellows lens camera pages macro lens designed close page method focus larger normal image film diagram working close working normal distances subject comes closer lens focusing critical depth field shallow close working distances mm lens distance inches cm subject depth field sixteenth inch mm aperture set depth field increases half inch mm image roughly focused composed easier focus precisely moving entire camera subject farther closer racking lens depth field close closer extends half front half plane focus normal working distances front thirds plane focus
start printing processes shown pages place original negative enlarger negative carrier ready inserted enlarger reproduction high contrast graphic arts film kodak kodalith ortho film type manufacturer describes film ortho orthochromatic processed red safelight able film developing check instructions negative projected easel baseboard enlarged fill sheet film reproduction positive transparency negative contact printed try exposure sec enlarger lens wide open test strip check effect exposures slight increases exposure extend dark areas process regular photographic films chemical dilutions graphic arts films listed separately developer designed lith film check instruction sheet development kodalith super developer min constant agitation agitate fresh stop bath solution sec agitate fresh fixer min wash min running water prevent water spots streaks gently draw squeegee sponge side wet positive bottom unturned tray wipe water treat wetting solution hang positive dry high contrast negative negative produced positive transparency standard contact printing techniques pages
pictorialists making photographs looked paintings seeking ways utilize characteristics unique photographic process wanted return direct unmanipulated photographs characterized century imagery stieglitz devoted issue camera paul strand photographs saw representing powerful approach photography art form strand believed objectivity essence photography fullest realization accomplished tricks process manipulation straight photographic methods stieglitz photographs direct unmanipulated felt visual metaphors accurate representations objects front camera external counterparts equivalents feelings minor white pages carried expanded stieglitz concept equivalent white goal photographer tangible intangible straight photograph real objects functions metaphor photographer viewer mind direct straight approach dominated photography art form exemplified edward weston simplest technique bare minimum equipment generally view camera lens stopped smallest aperture sharpness parts picture contact printed negatives seldom cropped working start pre conceived idea discovery excites focus rediscovery lens final form presentation seen ground glass finished print complete detail texture movement proportion exposure shutter release automatically finally fixes conception allowing manipulation ultimate end print duplication saw felt camera
today photographic reporting granted prize fight war expect pictures event news pictures partners drawings cartoons appeared occasionally drab century press pennsylvania gazette printed woodcut snake chopped pieces caption join die scarcely spot news touched major concerns necessity unity american colonies century saw growth illustrated newspapers illustrated london news america harper weekly frank leslie illustrated newspaper shades gray needed reproduce photograph printed simultaneously ordinary type photographs converted drawings woodcuts news pictures photograph merely furnished material artist perfection halftone process diagram permitted photographs type printed photographs expected addition news stories fancy sketches illustrated american promised actual place reproduced paper photo essay sequence photographs textual material age pioneered stefan lorant european picture magazines later america score publications magazine stated purpose pleasure seeing amazed instructed memorable photo essay eugene smith spanish village pages opposite
battle photography art battle waged invention medium finally resolved winners thought increasing number photography courses taught colleges art schools students programs interested photography personal expression vocational skill courses art departments schools encouraged cross fertilization ideas photographers artists working traditional art media courses taught history aesthetics photography medium relationship century art interest grew mixed media combination photographic images painting sculpture printmaking media robert heinecken older photographic processes revived gum bichromate printing page cyanotyping non silver processes hand coated paper cloth platinum printing page technologies office copy machines pages employed search forms picture making interest experimental approaches existed traditional unmanipulated photography documentary photographers continued bring significant social issues public consciousness direction began emerge referred photography social landscape robert frank photographs page lee friendlander opposite garry winogrand diane arbus photographs intended social documents personal observations ironic grotesque aspects american society art museums response growing interest creative photography increased number exhibitions photography end decade galleries began specialize sale photographs early galleries opened number cities
piraeus yesterday glaucon son ariston intended say prayer goddess wanted manage festival celebration thought procession fine thracians outstanding prayer witnessed procession started city polemarchus saw distance setting home told slave run bid wait slave caught hold cloak polemarchus bids wait turned asked polemarchus coming wait glaucon wait polemarchus caught adeimantus brother glaucon niceratus son nicias presumably procession polemarchus socrates looks started city course stronger stay alternative persuade let persuade listen possibly glaucon certainly going listen adeimantus intervened torch race horseback evening honour goddess
answer ask questions letting snotty nose wipe needs leaves knowledge sheep shepherds point remark asked think shepherds cowherds seek sheep cattle sole purpose fattening looking master believe rulers cities true rulers attitude subjects sheep think night advantage understanding nature justice injustice unjust realize advantage stronger ruler inferior obeys personal injury injustice hand exercises power truly naive rules advantage stronger obeying happy look naive socrates disadvantage compared unjust contracts find partnership ends unjust relation city taxes paid income pays benefits received profits holds public office penalized ways finds private affairs deteriorate neglect public purse disliked household acquaintances refuses unjust favour
put means eyes certainly hear means ears possibly say functions eyes ears dagger carving knife trim branches vine instruments course instrument pruning knife purpose true put function pruning knife think understand recent question inquired function thing perform perform understand think function thing task assigned excellence let ground say eyes task yes excellence ears function yes excellence case things eyes perform function possess excellence virtue vice mean blindness sight virtue asking agent performs function means excellence virtue badly badness vice
ask homer poets angry delete similar passages poetic pleasing majority hearers poetic heard children free fear slavery death certainly fearful dreadful names underworld struck cokytuses rivers mourning styxes hateful rivers names dead underground sapless names things underworld hearer shudder delete reason fearful behalf guardians shudders malleable soft fear justified passages struck yes poets follow opposite pattern speaking composing clearly delete lamentations pitiful speeches part famous necessarily follows look surely assert think death dreadful thing friend mourn suffered terrible thing certainly assert sufficient living need person true dreadful deprived son brother possessions things certainly give lamentations bear quietly misfortune hits certainly
cleverness persons imitate things arrive city want give performance poems bow holy wondrous sweet tell city lawful pour myrrh head crown wreaths send city employ austere pleasure giving poet story teller imitate speech express accordance patterns laid undertook education soldiers certainly power completed friend discussion part literary art concerns discourse stories spoken content manner expressing think left manner expressing lyric odes songs clearly discover say remain tune previous statements glaucon laughed afraid socrates included moment adequate idea kind thing say true suspicions surely point song consists elements words musical mode rhythm yes
sons asclepius according certainly sophisticated fitting tragedians pindar believe say asclepius son apollo bribed gold heal rich dying killed lightning accordance believe statements son god say money son god correct socrates say need physicians city surely visited greatest number healthy greatest number sick judges kinds human nature agree consider tell try include things question cleverest physicians childhood contact greatest number sick bodies experienced illness healthy nature think treat bodies body case body bad mind give care bad correct judge friend soul rules soul soul nurtured evil souls associate indulge kinds wrongdoing end able judge crimes experience physical diseases
parts nurtured truly learned role educated exercise authority appetitive part largest part soul insatiable possessions watch filled called pleasures body enlarged strong longer job attempts enslave rule fitted rule upsets parts effectively stand guard behalf soul body planning fighting leader courage fulfilling decisions part call individual brave spirit preserves midst pain pleasure belief declarations reason fear call wise small part ruled declarations possesses knowledge beneficial part common advantage call moderate friendly harmonious relations parts rulers ruled hold common belief reason rule rebel moderation surely individual city necessarily notion justice indistinct
women strip physical training clothed excellence share war duties guardians city occupation lighter duties assigned weakness sex laughs sight naked women exercising reasons plucking unripe fruit laughter understands laughing fine saying beneficial beautiful harmful ugly definitely let say escaped wave criticism discussion law women altogether swamped laid male female guardians share duties common argument consistent states beneficial certainly small wave escaping say big follows speak let think law follows law women wives common live privately children held common parent offspring child parent proposal raises doubts possibility usefulness
acquire greek slave advise greeks definitely able turn barbarian fighting despoil dead armour victory stripping dead thing cowards excuse facing enemy essential skulking corpse army lost greed yes think mean greedy strip corpse womanish small minded regard body enemy enemy flitted left instrument fought think behavior dogs angry stone hits leave thrower strip corpses refuse enemy permission pick dead zeus certainly arms enemy temples dedicate especially arms greeks care goodwill greeks afraid polluting temples bring things god tells ravaging greek land burning houses soldiers behave enemy glad hear options subject think things destroy harvest
spoke things clearly longer round plain travelled deal level proof compatible satisfactory thought lacking precision tell satisfied thought gave measure apparently measure friend matters falls short reality degree measure incomplete measure think need search lazy laziness quality guardian city laws likely sort round longer friend put effort studies physical training reach end important study virtues important subject study important justice things discussed observe mere outline things themeslves neglect finished picture ridiculous strain nerve exact pure picture things require greatest accuracy greatest subjects
certainly sight unit possesses characteristic remarkable degree object infinite number quality number course calculation arithmetic wholly concerned number definitely lead truth remarkably belong studies seek warrior learn marshal troops philosopher emerge grasp reality rational thinker guardian warrior philosopher definitely study suitable glaucon legislate persuade share highest offices city turn arithmetic pursue amateur spirit reach pure thought contemplation nature numbers pursue study sake buying selling merchants retailers sake war attain ease turning soul truth reality fine statement occurs study calculation mentioned subtle study ways purpose studies sake knowledge buy sell mentioning forcibly leads soul upward compels discuss numbers soul allow discuss presenting numbers visible touchable bodies
accept things hard accept hard reject hear present moment return subject assuming say let turn law discuss prelude tell power dialectic works parts paths follows lead place arriving find rest travelling end purpose journey dear glaucon able follow keenness lacking part longer seeing image discussing truth worthwhile insisting fact maintain kind surely power dialectic experienced studies worth insisting dispute say dialectic study attempts apprehend methodically regard thing crafts concerned opinions passions process generation composition care plants composite things remainder grasp reality extent geometry follow dreaming reality unable waking view hypotheses leave undisturbed give reasoned account
luxury softness condemned slackening looseness part produce cowardice course flattery meanness spirited part subordinated turbulent beast accustoms youth abused sake money beast insatiability ape lion certainly think mechanical hands subject reproach say part soul naturally weak rule animals pampers learn ways flatter likely order ruled principle simlar rules say enslaved divine ruler harm slave believe ruled thrasymachus thought subjects ruled divine intelligence imposed alike friendly governed principle clearly aim law ally city rule children allow free establish government city fostering securing child similar guardian ruler let free law clear
consider maker image say knows reality knows appearance yes let leave discussion point halfway examine fully say painter say picture reins bridle yes cobbler metal worker certainly painter kind reins bridle metal worker cobbler knows horseman true say case case crafts article imitate yes excellence beauty rightness article living creature action aim view thing manufactured adapted nature inevitable user article experience tells maker products performs badly makes flute player tells flute maker flutes respond playing prescribes kind flutes follow instructions course knows instructions bad flutes rely making yes regard article maker opinion beauty quality consorts knows listen user knowledge
effects high low birth private public office physical strength weakness ease difficulty learning things affect soul nature acquired characteristics achieve mixed mind able thoughtful choice considering nature soul worse call worse leads soul unjust leads seen choice ignore hold belief adamantine determination goes underworld dazzled wealth similar evils stumble dictator actions kind perform incurable evils suffer worse oneself choose mean lives avoid excesses ways live forever find greatest happiness messenger reported interpreter spoke follows comes bad satisfactory chooses intelligently lives consistently let careless choice discouraged interpreter spoken er chose mightiest dictatorship folly agreed chose careful look notice fated devour children evils examined chosen leisure beat breast bemoaned choice abide warning interpreter blame evils fortune gods
father killed relatives obvious prosecute father murder stranger ridiculous socrates think makes difference victim stranger relative watch killer acted justly acted justly let prosecute killer shares hearth table pollution knowingly company cleanse bringing justice victim dependent mine farming naxos servant killed household slaves drunken anger father bound hand foot threw ditch enquire priest gave thought care bound killer matter died hunger cold bonds caused death messenger seer father relatives angry prosecuting father murder behalf murderer killed say dead deserve thought killer say impious son prosecute father murder ideas divine attitude piety impiety wrong socrates zeus euthyphro think knowledge divine piety impiety accurate things happened say fear acted impiously bringing father trial
thing ask beg gentlemen hear making defence kind language accustomed market place bankers tables heard surprised create disturbance account position appearance lawcourt age seventy simply stranger manner speaking stranger certainly excuse spoke dialect manner brought present request pay attention manner speech worse concentrate attention say excellence judge lies speaker lies telling truth gentlemen defend lying accusations accusers later accusations later accusers accused accusations true fear fear anytus friends formidable earlier gentlemen hold childhood persuaded accused falsely saying called socrates wise student things sky earth makes worse argument stronger
believed meletus think appears gentlemen jury highly insolent uncontrolled disposition insolence violence youthful zeal composed riddle trying wise socrates realize jesting contradicting deceive think contradicts affidavit socrates guilty believing gods believing gods surely part jester examine gentlemen appears contradict meletus answer remember gentlemen asked began create disturbance proceed usual manner meletus believe human affairs believe human beings answer create disturbance believe horses believe equine affairs flute music flute players sir willing answer tell jury answer question believe divine activities believe divinities thank answering reluctantly jury say believe divine activities teach rate divine activities according say sworn deposition believe divine activities inevitably believe divine beings
mind notion writing uncomfortably linked writing assignment chore desperately undertake satisfy deadline teacher boss dread writing write lot certainly share dismay contrary write willingly confess writing private book invites think writing personally valuable skill single act cycle acts repeat increasing confidence write independent assignments deadlines teachers jobs writing system acts depend help find think knowing think secret weapon continuing source personal confidence pleasure piece writing intermittently writing thinking writing gathering strength writer outset want emphasize improve writer re learning show importantly re exercising widening ability think write required things started discover interests put draft express thoughts sentences practicing improving skills write beginning writers wonder ideas re writing letter friend composing business memo thing write discover ideas write
problem arises writers doctors architects professional problems consult colleagues embarrassment loss face ways mobilize topic write air ideas gathering fellow writer tutor teacher sincere interested friend begin telling friend thinking saying encourage friend ask number questions relate topic asking questions ready turn thinking questions describe precisely feel topic worries unclear try topic friend point view let ask questions unclear precise replies supply details answer questions kind say answer question tell consider single important idea topic tell important agree attitude topic single sentence ask basic question idea answer friend confused understand eliminate confusion friend skeptical found heart interest subject re students say tell ideas writing freeze tell ideas tape recorder talk relaxed conversational manner mind play tape notes listen
filled bitterness wished wasn father invent father protect mother stories secret marriage strange reason known say president railroad company maybe congressman married mother thinking wife dead turned wasn hush born wasn son father dignified wonderful father half believe fancies night weeks found house reading kitchen table raining wet sat looked saying word startled face saddest look seen sat clothes dripping house filled wonder wasn afraid dirt road led valley mile town pond walked silence talking stopped talking didn queer feeling stranger don father intended don think pond large
living ground floor dormitory real advantages living top floor part advantages improve ground floor room chiefly special advantage easy access expenditure energy student energy mean difference staying finish assignment falling asleep book easy access tremendously inviting live downstairs center things meeting company lonely minor advantage important bike rider bike campus wheel bike room dismantle bang steps personal advantage special convenient disadvantages living ground floor accessibility interruptions everlasting amelia room twitch lasky happen sign room lottery night noise floor guys upstairs thump noise comes quadraphonic sound hall full tend bathroom lot live downstairs lose privacy rapidly finally re interested aesthetics forget view downstairs window directly sox department bookstore
argument appeal readers fairly logically don want harassed rash questionable facts sweeping statements point aggressive pushing shoving bus essayist rabble sanity effective language reason move cautiously plan assume readers intelligent recognize compelling argument readers intelligent guard reading transaction want swindled smell phony lacking defense apply skepticism show attitude show reader basic movements argument movements argument method science everyday living method called inductive reasoning deal data lead reader data intelligent observation fact educated guess based data partial data hunch data lead reasonable conclusion say ocean salty tasted water samples island carmel tasted ocean water coasts india chile support claim say salty oceanographers measured saline content quantities ocean water tested tasted entire ocean draw conclusion ocean water partial sample
working college choice bad extending education family want college job kids parents don money care food bills expenses college student books clothes steady girl friend feel morally responsible help share job counterman robbins ice cream store job cash need independent don earn pocket money coke hamburger feeling guilty buy books courses girl friend buy present feel night reason paid bought marjorie bracelet likes thin silver bracelets saw thought look nice don call living wage live grind school don think living money pocket quit school job type studies things proud job things money buy chance learn public strange interesting peter guy manages store duty positive outlook
speech abundance sentence adds creating flow ideas threatens going speak write connect ideas important thinking processes coordination subordination processes unconsciously speech telephone operator describing job didn say going subordinator sentence sentence calls coordinator writing let sentences drift hang wash line need conscious thinking processes choose connectors closest heart meaning let stop moment define words coordination means putting ideas things equal rank importance police officers cabinet members professors subordination hand means putting ideas things positions greater rank importance police officers subordinate chief police cabinet members subordinate president professors subordinate dean speech coordinate ideas putting idea joining treat ideas equally subordinators words deliberate connections writing conscious connectors speaking aware options making connections think making connections sentences mind natural processes similarly essay
chapter focused combining ideas occasions ideas run find stalled simply ideas fueling sentences written sentences exhausted ready supply ideas hour sworn head full ideas writing progress ideas slip clock ticks wait ideas detached abrupt threaten give entirely mind basic scheme want say writing skeletal bare wonder professional writers manage say produce richness texture specifics answers questions look act composing sentences writer writes minimally clear notion point carefully thoughtout thesis able rattle essential features experience plan relate writing express mind sentences sentences haven searched sentences written hints ideas hidden sentences suggest details lack say say sentence asks implicit questions enlarge ideas thinking questions ask key words sentences consider sentence
chosen modifier rush hour attempts involve reader potential disaster accident chosen modifier orphans headline train crash headline writer confident readers relive rush hours monotony daily routine jamming crowds mindlessness city entire force heading home job finally sudden terrifying possibility mass death modifiers words closely connected bones sentences nouns verbs ideas writing arise head connected clusters need sorting according purpose rarely idea arrive bringing trail associations person looks meal taste game action sorting instantaneous immediately intuitively let times write need sense holding ideas early stages let later written couple pages finally discovered meant say want scratch fourths modifying ideas part original gush pointless repetitive times leave space writing detail fit subject simply consciously unconsciously hunt detail suddenly miraculously materialize write space unfilled inadequately filled nag
fare aqueduct race track cents special subway train times square includes send narrow escalator platform ends beneath words luck printed grimy gold arch huge wooden horseshoe subway car free talk reading room library fact travelers reading morning telegraph daily news latest bulletin clocker lawton ordinary looking women bit older days minutes train bursts black hole elevated track winds family houses cemetery fields queens nearing mid butt end travelers blink briefly flat hard sunlight standing train skids stop run ramp grandstand entrances daily double windows minutes closing race track sense happening corner turned door open merry ring parimutuel machines punching fresh tickets players move smartly clapping wooden seats chairs briskly stepping pebbled concrete areas bear remarkable signs chairs permitted lawn seconds noon race starts lasts minute hold breath scream fall knees metal fence pray angel angel angel
writing talking words readers professional writers consider audience begin writing consider kind magazine writing type person reads magazine write kind article rifles ladies home journal national rifleman essay underwear ms magazine playboy writing class women class audience count interest readers writing class differ sharply respects morality brought money parents interests spite differences common attempts write expand understanding write provide mutual bond noticed class willing read write sentence informational lively levels language choose audience special occasion level book level write informal level american writing american living rooms american restaurants clothes wear teach study attend weddings tends informal formal saw page insurance companies introduced language insurance policies policies written informal level understand level safe occasions
makes unusual eastwood directed disarmingly boyish bronco billy stars title role cowboy interested child holdup shoots villains fairly politely didn mean harm eastwood playing large peter pan locale idaho land feeling fairy tale bronco billy wanders west troupe lost boys girls emphatically american fable ends chorus stars stripes forever beginning bronco billy shows eastwood comic advantage introduces cowboy traveling wild west show miniscule audiences composed children grannies bronco billy fellow performers paces involve rattlesnake lasso twirling bronco billy act performed music supplied dusty stereo involves firing guns hurling daggers comely assistants show bronco billy believes legend works overtime alive full concern small members audience refers variously pardners buckaroos spare offers free advice don kindly kids playin hooky school sternly tells group children handing free passes telling bring parents paying customers show think kid america school eighth grade
critics worry violence television fear stimulates viewers violent aggressive acts research consequences experiencing tv symbolic violence reaching feel television dramatically demonstrates power authority society risks involved breaking society rules violence filled programs show teaches role victim acceptance violence social reality learn live flee found watch lot tv real dangerous frightening watch heavy viewers trustful fellow citizens fearful real tv action adventure dramas occur urban settings fear inspire contribute current flight middle class cities fear bring increasing demands police protection election law order politicians doubt tv influence consider impact automobile american society automobile burst dusty highways turn century americans saw horseless carriage prime mover similarly grew television tend think medium series century mass communications systems movies radio television medium summarize write words outstanding points passage chapter article summary shorter original source
united states air force slowly cautiously coming model airplane builders known importance glue assembling aircraft structural tests foot fuselage section bonded epoxy adhesive rivetless completed air force engineer week called results successful expected air force manufacturers bid contract build cargo plane cx encouraged employ superglues fuselage reduce craft weight cost adhesively bonded aircraft air force engineers say weigh percent cost percent build maintain riveted counterpart william shelton manager adhesives bonding technology project soon airframe manufacturers asked submit ideas incorporate technology industry million project called pabst primary adhesively bonded structure technology managed wright aeronautical laboratory wright patterson air force base ohio glued test fuselage constructed mcdonnell douglas corporation beach calif industrial epoxy american cyanamid company major advance project learning prepare surfaces aluminum alloy joined adhesive frequent problems delamination corrosion found largely fault bond foundation glue oxidizing technique developed boeing company called phosphoric acid anodizing employed create porous surfaces corrosion retarding primer adhesive adhere
reliable dictionary list words spells words shows pronounce meanings histories describes recommended dictionaries offer synonyms words meaning antonyms words opposite meaning list forms suffixes added abbreviations foreign terms provide facts general interest population figures geographical names names famous names locations colleges universities tables weights measures explanations symbols pictures machines creatures pawl manatee vonnegut americans say let look dictionary settle arguments peace mistakenly implying dictionary says things carries unarguable authority true dictionaries represents separate committee study words pages contemporary writers rooms full files noting meanings words words special words sciences arts current newspapers magazines write dictionary based research organizing entries dictionaries list oldest meaning list important meaning dictionaries separate alphabetically arranged sections names places colleges universities dictionaries include proper nouns words main part dictionary dictionaries offer comments main entry word
conflict identified narrative arranged reader knows conflict began developed resolved plot sequence events forms beginning middle end story sequence present events story actually happened stories follow chronological pattern mark twain account earthquake begins beginning describes events occur stories begin middle end george orwell narrative begins historical assessment experience burmese narrates incident revealed true relationship rule ruled case pattern plot determined purpose narrative describe event present discover ultimate event past determining beginning middle end story helps establish event sections paced pace speed events recounted events narrated quickly details omitted compressed experience summarized patricia hampl tells grade assignment single sentence events vital author purpose require deliberate pacing detail included extended situation summarized presented scene narrator tell happened actually show happened hampl creates scene conclusion narrative makes readers feel father anger writers identified conflict organized plot determined pace narratives select point view
san francisco enjoyed earthquake called earthquake doubtless distinguished till noon bright october coming street objects motion sight thickly built populous quarter buggy street car wending slowly cross street solitude sabbath stillness turned corner frame house rattle jar occurred item doubt fight house turn seek door terrific shock ground roll waves interrupted violent joggling heavy grinding noise brick houses rubbing fell frame house hurt elbow knew mere reportorial instinct took watch noted moment severer shock reeled pavement trying footing saw sight entire front tall story brick building street sprung outward door fell sprawling street raising dust volume smoke buggy overboard tell vehicle distributed small fragments hundred yards street fancied fired charge chair rounds rags thoroughfare
soon bad kick landed ball shades ball fought thrown ball progressing section ball seldom visible tell free alls balconies poured water shades ball surrendered suns turn slightly salvadoreans shades section behaving swine announcer threat game resume ball thrown threat ref walked field ball balls lost fourth landed sat real punches thrown red blood spurting salvadorean noses broken bottles struggle ball contest savage field played kind mindless ferocity read books gory medieval sports announcer warning merely ritual threat police intervene stayed field let spectators settle scores players grew bored ran place pushups play resumed mexico gained possession ball deftly moved field invariably goal play goals interludes bloodier sport midnight game varied suns throwing firecrackers field play abandoned fights broke suns ball bobbing ragged sun balloons released upper seats
enjoying prophets hallucinogen call consciousness expansion psychedelic beginning isolate components las vegas unique bombardment senses hernia hernia stuff casino las vegas things room full craps tables dealers running singsong sounds saying hernia hernia hernia hernia hernia night easing running commentary nostrils say instruction underlying message initiates riding crest chance accumulated sound comes hernia merely unfortunate phonetic coincidence actually part rare grand combination baroque stimuli brings mind bronze gongs larger blue plate louis xiv ruff collars larded lint foul city byzantium personally hunted bazaars asia minor provide exotic acoustics palace paris sounds craps dealer let say middle register lower register sound babes slot machines play slots course indelible images las vegas babes row row slot machines clock sunday morning clock tuesday afternoon pack hummocky shanks capri pants put print dress hob heeled shoes looking going buy eggs tupelo mississippi
unfriendly witnesses experience included undertakers prosecutors prison administrators famous writers list questions graduated form kind cruel kind questions designed lull quarry conversational mood interested funeral directing career suggest reading material help understand problems corrections cruel questions wholesale cost casket retailing thousand dollars justify censoring prisoner correspondence lawyer violation california law interlocutor find hard duck blurt quotable nugget potentially unfriendly witnesses bound grant interviews public officials industry spokesmen corporate executives presidents television networks prosecutors refuse routinely refer inquiring reporter public relations departments occasionally break reticence research trial dr spock chanced enlightening exchange witness interviewed friendly witnesses defense lawyers defendants learned circumstances leading indictment spock charges conspiring aid counsel abet draft resisters anxious confront prosecutors hear version legal friends assured impossible prosecutors won talk say comment pending case called justice department press chief cliff sessions told substantially thing mail copies briefs press handouts won able talk prosecutors case court
deductive inferences reverse start general knowledge predict specific observation reading hierarchy facts machine mechanic knows horn cycle powered exclusively electricity battery logically infer battery dead horn deduction solution problems complicated common sense solve achieved strings mixed inductive deductive inferences weave observed machine mental hierarchy machine found manuals correct program interweaving formalized scientific method actually seen cycle maintenance problem complex require full scale formal scientific method repair problems hard think formal scientific method image comes mind enormous juggernaut huge bulldozer slow tedious lumbering laborious invincible takes times maybe dozen times informal mechanic techniques end re going fault isolation problem motorcycle maintenance stand hit tough tried racked brain works nature decided difficult say okay nature end nice guy crank formal scientific method lab notebook written formally times re going want
chief purpose classification essay explain explain established method organizing information library congress system cataloging books plan arranging data internal revenue service latest schedule itemizing tax deductions level purpose explanations simply outline parts system significant level purpose define analyze justify system organizing principle classification essay entertain persuade writer concocts elaborate scheme classifying fools writes partly explain system purpose classifying amuse inform hand writer explains organization controversial plan metric system persuade readers system superior writing assignments classification essay requires careful assessment knowledge needs anticipated audience subject social patterns primitive society system classification specialized botanist procedure identifying plants readers need precise definitions ample illustrations subcategory subject system classifying familiar readers movies pg rating code need extensive demonstration situation writers outline system remind readers common reference points move analyze effectiveness system regard specific examples writers consider audience classification system explained essay
neck object interest bulged bit collar houghton fought war alongside americans french knows illogic settled detestation countries happened prominent current affairs argument houghton think bang desk neck bulge red say cry thought think houghton thought neck miss parsons assured dearest wish welfare knew mysterious clairvoyance childhood wanted husband hands dealt length teachers introduction nature commonly called thought discovered thought full unconscious prejudice ignorance hypocrisy lecture disinterested purity neck remorselessly twisted skirt technically proficient businessmen golf honest politicians intentions preoccupation coherent books written call grade thinking properly feeling thought true kind innocence prejudices days viewed grade thinking intolerant contempt incautious mockery delighted confront pious lady hated germans proposition love enemies
likewise hostile displays sports fans teenage gangs primarily concerned displaying group image rival fan clubs gangs rare cases attack headquarters drive occupants reduce submissive subordinate condition scuffles borderlands rival territories clear football matches fan club headquarters temporarily shifted club house section stands minor fighting breaks unofficial boundary line massed groups rival supporters newspaper reports play accidents injuries occur occasions studied relation total numbers displaying fans involved clear incidents represent tiny fraction group behaviour actual punch kick thousand war cries war dances chants gestures family territory essentially family breeding unit family territory breeding ground centre space nest bedroom tucked bed feel territorially secure typical house bedroom upstairs safe nest puts farther entrance hall area contact intermittently private reception rooms intruders allowed access line defence walls building symbolic remnant ancient feeding grounds garden symbolism extends plants animals cease nutritional merely decorative flowers pets
purposes effect writing serve important inform educate informative effect writing important helps understand control events understand writing behavior environment natural resources economy actually written encourage control kind causal analysis primarily speculative kind writing author hypothesizes factors causing events consequences actions writers newspapers magazines pattern picking topic interest divorce inflation speculating occurs problems writing informative entertaining major purpose effect writing provide basis argument writers point causal relationships try persuade readers approve disapprove argue positively asserting courses action produce results argue negatively claiming seek change institution custom law produces bad results writing politics obviously serves purpose writers assume interested reading effect curious goes don want think chaotic unpredictable seek reasons happening wonder connections past future large audience special groups specific interests writers causal analysis need consider
kind family arguing family children apparent point agreement family keystone society trouble women fault women fault toujours cherchez la femme specific case women movement fevered perception dragging women homes children luring lesbian liaisons undermining respect fevered perception outrunning facts professionals spent poring census figures tell family trouble thinks mary jo bane author stay definitive study family today says evil movement destroying family care children women divorcing movement significant evidence remaining childless large number children parent due combination death divorce difference mothers kids set households sending kids granny striking stable family relatives married partner dr paul glick senior demographer united states census bureau says divorced percent marriages end divorce remarry end family change says dr glick accept divorce transition family
description effects megaton bomb york city notion meaning human terms megaton nuclear explosive power weapon likely york twenty megaton bomb thousand hundred times yield hiroshima bomb soviet union estimated hundred thirteen twenty megaton bombs nuclear arsenal carried bear intercontinental bombers addition soviet ss missiles capable carrying bombs size actual yields known explosive power twenty megaton bombs greatly exceeds amount destroy military targets reasonable suppose meant large cities twenty megaton bomb air burst empire building altitude thirty thousand feet zone gutted flattened blast wave radius twelve miles area hundred fifty square miles reaching middle staten island northern edge bronx eastern edge queens jersey zone heavy damage blast wave zone hit minimum pounds square inch radius twenty half miles area thousand hundred fifty square miles reaching southernmost tip staten island north southern rockland county east nassau county west morris county jersey fireball half miles diameter radiate thermal pulse twenty seconds
research endlessly seductive writing hard sit chair think transform thought readable conservative interesting sentences sense reader turn page laborious slow painful agony means rearrangement revision adding cutting rewriting brings sense excitement rapture moment olympus short act creation course tremendous head start guns august spectacular subject month war winston churchill drama surpassed heroic quality lifts subject petty tragedy month august looming inescapable universal involved awful gulf perfect plans fallible makes tremble sense grace god end actually writing epilogue fully realized implications story writing began feel justice late put significance girl writing course professor put symbolism difficulties writing history problem suspense narrative outcome known worried deal beginning actual process writing happens produced solution
wondered earth mencken call scorn south heard denounced south negroes negro ideas mencken hold newspaper commercial appeal castigate publicly undoubtedly advocating ideas south negroes criticized south knew civil war south hated northern whites encountered hate knowing mencken moment felt vague sympathy south assigned role non cast hardest words find mencken huge library riverfront knew negroes allowed patronize shelves parks playgrounds city library times books white job help books read causing concern white worked successful hiding thoughts feelings knew create hostility business reading clumsy weighed personalities job don jew distrusted position mine knew uneasy insecure treated offhand bantering barely concealed contempt
stopped word breakdown ideas judged treated sharper eye evasion fraud part writing possibilities written reached natural stopping place wise simply set writing need daily regular set stint based true vainglorious estimate powers natural stop set amount knock clear conscience stoppage reached point real difficulty intellectual decision turning mind balking fatigue reason faulty arrangement obvious bridge want true fight sooner later principles enabled beginning devices help beginning convenient break development read ahead making corrections warrant expense eyesight bog approach halting place suddenly lost true bypass evil spot altogether conversely find fresh running start carries straight hump outline taste outlines useless fettering imbecile
began wonder college campus anyway parents drove leaving standing pitifully parking lot wanting find safely dorm room fact matter mature liked consider feeling bit adding distress distinct impression campus watching plan ears open mouth shut hope notice freshman thought mind raised head squared shoulders set direction dorm glancing discreetly campus map clutched hand took stare caught glimpse real live college football player confidence reserve muscles hoped attention drawn air assurance shaking knees spent afternoon seeking classrooms perfectly timed entrance lecture ask dumb questions whereabouts morning found class marched room problem awaited sit freshman manuals advised sitting front showing professor intelligent energetic demeanor deliberation chose seat row side foreground advised professor direct line vision cracked anthology american literature scribbled date top crisp ruled page welcome biology professor began
brought yellow envelope money poor children mother put money sealed wouldn tell money put felt dimes wouldn let write envelope learned write proud able mother firmly write envelope didn tell sunday school pressed envelope coins tell dimes pennies handed envelope sunday school teacher noticed wasn gave pencil write confused mother home confessed looked distressed told didn explain didn school fall mother sick cold week school opened playing gutters feet wet holes shoes father cut insoles cardboard wore shoes stay house anyway stayed cooped house companionship didn sunday paper barry adage week mails read small print santa clauses holly wreaths advertisements
place dumb waiters boom doors slam dishes crash window mother mouth bidding street shut skate home voice loudest mother full breathing grocer stands speak mrs abramowitz says afraid children ah balik mother replies say father ssh say grave quiet coney island cemetery says papa subway fare pickle barrel pinky making tiny whirlpools brine stop moment announce campbell tomato soup campbell vegetable beef soup campbell broth quiet grocer says labels coming shirley quiet mother begs place street groans quiet quiet steals happy chorus inside tittle jot corner red brick building morning children stand double lines straight insulted waiting anyway fact begin cold morning monitor tapped shoulder room shirley abramowitz told hurry staircase room contained sixth graders wait desk wiggling hilton teacher speak
tied thickets twenty moaning tortoises supplying hunilla lonely larder hundreds vast tableted black bucklers displaced shattered tombstones dark slate scatterd round skeleton backs tortoises felipe truxill precious oil large calabashes goodly kegs filled pot caked crusts quantity permitted evaporate meant strained hunilla turned forgot mention singular sight greeted landing memory keeps things order occurrence ten small soft haired ringleted dogs beautiful breed peculiar peru set concert glad welcomings gained beach responded hunilla dogs widowhood born isle progeny brought payta owing jagged pitfalls tortuous thickets sunken perilous intricacies sorts interior hunilla admonished loss favourite allowed delicate creatures follow occasional bird nests climbs wanderings habituation offered follow morning crossed land soul full things heed lingering clung moisture lapped early daybreak small scoop holes adjacent rocks shared dew calabash laying considerable store prolonged utter droughts disastrous seasons warp isles
effort preserve facade respectability jessie english textbooks included snippets books recognizable authors paragraphs masters mark twain ray bradbury sandwiched gaudy photographs advertising copy free samples product students entirety jazzy layout textbook look sales brochure snippets real writing sugarcoating main subject jessie english books course grammar page page devoted dismal exercise chapter chapter tests grammar offered pass despite lifetime making living writing english derivational suffixes subjective completion puzzled subjective completion thought sort euphemism premature ejaculation textbook tells word completes verb refers subject understand bagful nuggets information mined jessie textbook sentence determiners signal presence nouns sentence signal words point presence verbs structure words called auxiliaries kind sentence understand want understand understand sentences thrown authors league roma bar favorite hangout terminal clusters form cancer adds descriptive power prose book assures master level sentence
boy named jim child dr louis davy mattei building school father french small heavy set forty boyhood full poverty unhappiness ambition mother dead died jim born woman knew intimately amy swedish housekeeper amy dressed sunday clothes took school jim liked amy didn taking school told school told don don housekeeper taking school walks amy court house park sunday afternoon band concert walk school school housekeeper school amy housekeeper walked silence holding hand don don amy taking school housekeeper knew frightened boy going school think sing songs play games don want afternoon don told felt unhappy boy going school knew school building ugly boy didn feel going steps wished didn school
spite difficulties false multiplicity analysis effect profitable endeavor student untrained intricacies logical analysis let start simple plants dormitory room dying easy irresponsible answer don green thumb combination careful observation controlled experiments reveal true sun sun water water inadequate feeding need insecticide jane asks hate biology invent likely sounding reasons rationalize simply conclude cut biology honestly objectively tries answer find improper study habits difficulty memorizing susceptibility peer attitudes rate students constantly called analyze effect relationships results hamlet killing polonius claudius effects dioxin human health factors influence juvenile delinquency rates basic principles involved primary requirement objective unprejudiced approach analyzers mistake assuming look supporting evidence happens tobacco company employs impartial scientist prove effect relation smoking lung cancer investigator chances arriving truth cut half start requirement analyzer gather facts consider explanations effect
traditional nuclear family couple hundred ago result societal pressures shift feudalism industrialism prior societal structures general fairly rigid family living extended community confined ethic sabbath holy days reserved celebration hundred fifty saints days plenty rest recreation children reached called age reason considered extent capacities allowed adult mandatory communal games festivities children adults collectively celebrated generation gap interests industrial revolution developed activities children parents diverged schooling home span lengthened families centered process tracking children careers parents choosing developed individual private property important capitalism replaced feudalism nuclear family device expanding perpetuating private fortunes lesser means infected horatio alger syndrome american dream born victorian age children seen heard family solidified strict separation parents children general offspring delegated nannies governesses case impoverished largely left fend case upper classes set styles annoying parents considered children freud shake parental guidelines dictum child father neurotic
night christmas survey house find meagerness bear turn reverend billy graham spencer cotton winthrop calvin learned poor elect god survive night pile gifts beneath tree judgment put poor gifts condemned middle class gifts rich giving gifts problems monsignor cassidy understands custom spiritual sense symbolizing gifts christ magi thinks christ offering cross giving gift mankind says fights night christmas begin gifts role family counselor heard aftermath arguments developed theory secular symbolism christmas gifts begins game mother red tie blue tie christmas wear red tie house christmas say don blue tie laughs paradox goes problems couple fight gift gave mother mother christmas things comes marriage counseling
general connotation matter literary development result experience social group ideas words represent word appease inoffensive connotation edition webster collegiate dictionary current defined simply pacify satisfying quiet calm soothe allay word ill fated attempts neville chamberlain stave war hitler giving demands association strongly colored meaning latest edition dictionary adds meaning quoted newer conciliate political economic considerations signifying sacrifice moral principle order avert aggression laden word suggestions disaster munich british american official referring conciliating move foreign policy wants win public acceptance hand opponents move word freely arouse sentiment situation question resemblance munich words events conditioned react verb appease noun appeasement support desired policy give live let live peaceful coexistence international relations advocates terms italicized negotiation compromise convey idea mutual concessions sacrifice principle horse trading homely american flavor suggesting shrewd bargaining additional implication profit deal
consider ultimate need secrecy found making atomic bomb think case principle practicality differently say secrecy surrounding atomic bomb believed atomic secret killed rosenbergs prove today ten countries bomb believe twenty countries bernard baruch favorite mine suggested pooling atomic knowledge late worked hard monopoly atomic knowledge real potential baruch proposing certainly subsequent history wiser shared information arms race necessitated policy fear uncertainty think fear call enemy weapons destroy try find thing arms race follows perils secrecy think cover appalling realize millions country sure millions believe deliberate acts agents democratic society theoretically share responsibility planned assisted condoned assassinations foreign leaders find truth matter
think deliberate practical denial authority offense contemplated government assigned definite suitable proportionate penalty property refuses earn shillings put prison period unlimited law determined discretion steal ninety times shillings soon permitted large injustice part friction machine government let let perchance wear smooth certainly machine wear injustice spring pulley rope crank exclusively consider remedy worse evil nature requires agent injustice say break law let counter friction stop machine rate lend wrong condemn adopting ways provided remedying evil ways affairs attend chiefly place live live bad wrong business petitioning governor legislature petition hear petition
psychologically physically longer remote places earth friend leaves country intention returning feel sense irrevocable separation saddened forefathers hours jet liner merely reach telephone hear voice satellite communication network established able friends side earth easily talk side town shrink dimensionless point stage opening human drama shrink abolished space earth abolish space yawns stars face face immensity accept grandeur terror inspiring possibilities dreadful restraints small moving forever large frontiers recede swiftly reach consider fairly modest solar planetary distances preparing assault lunik substantial impression traveling million miles earth times distance mars harnessed nuclear energy spaceflight solar system contract larger earth today remotest planets week travel earth mars venus hours
course civilisations belittle civilisations egypt china india europe middle ages test fail limit freedom imagination young static minority cultures static son father father grandfather minority tiny fraction talent mankind produces actually learns read learns write learns language climbs terribly slow ladder promotion middle ages ladder promotion church clever poor boy end ladder image icon godhead says reached commandment thou shalt question instance erasmus left orphan prepare career church services beautiful erasmus part moving mass cum giubilate fourteenth century heard church older san pietro gropina monk erasmus iron door closed knowledge erasmus read classics defiance orders open heathen wrote heathen justice sanctity truth refrain saying saint socrates pray erasmus lifelong friends sir thomas england johann frobenius switzerland england sense pleasure companionship civilised minds
shortly leave round tour passing eastward jerusalem beijing winds war translated chinese heartwarming success chinese writers association invited address authors historians beijing bid find heart decline china publisher preface approve author marxist views important dramatic narrative war words effect strange soviet union known marxist views literary non person works english lenin library large libraries sign marxist chinese show civility political tolerance literary instance soviets models teachers ago america things american anathema china iran satan hatred fade eager learn exactly china glimmer means going jerusalem visit sons deep sea divers game fishermen live eilat red sea served israeli navy peace galilee operation expulsion plo terrorist army lebanon son vessel put base resupply telephoned victorious israeli advance giving joy pride sure necessity seen fierce attacks terrorist units holing rockets howitzers amid civilians coastal towns resulting destruction
occasionally write eager write freshman english subjects appealing look writing past let start thank letter aunt uncle relative gave graduation birthday gift re put finding telling soon finally nagged parents tormented conscience forced face torture scratching sentences gratitude wanted social reasons compelled application letter summer job biographical sketch high school college form letter inquiry scholarship loan dorm room camping facilities group travel rates baseball tickets speech prepared contest debate class election graduation road ahead largely basis writing skills evaluated college professors determine learned understood courses written examinations papers progress introductory advanced courses writing required organizations scholarships honors competitions require furnish written information applications biographical material project plans undergraduate admission graduate law medical professional schools hinges written applications verbal ability demonstrate entrance examinations graduate professional schools require research papers comprehensive examinations master doctor theses
advocates freewriting ken macrorie peter elbow advise writing pause corrections preset period ten minutes remember purpose freewriting produce finished paper freewriting merely problem solving device serves catalyst stimulus finding topic ideas topic easy say write pause ten minutes easy freewriting technique pen flowing block write messages repeat sentences magical power keeping pen flowing typewriter clicking sooner later ideas flow suppose assignment writing words feel strongly piece freewriting look feel strongly draft heavy write college anyway happened think interesting thing intresting spelling don stop don stop night stopped cop happened write write think meant lot guess loved matt brother car write guy liked lot teacher students class read write matt killed
ways react basis natural affected dislike pretend genteel cultured educated important english speakers americans favor friendly informal expect presidents act ceremonial occasions distinguish natural affected judge mainly say talk artificial flowery pompous formal language react adversely true write respond favorably natural language unfavorably artificial language stress natural language contradict students think writing believe writing formal impressive characterized unusual words doctors lawyers result students dual personalities interesting natural lively person boring affected dull paper mean paper freshman writing returning party fifteen recall night due stubbornness ignorance prancing home hour late naturally parents awake waiting anxiously return interpreted anger distrust young person comprehend parental love shown grew bitter protective bold attitude answered queries stirred greater anger gap misunderstanding spread wider soon unable comunicate felt unfairly treated giving chance exert independence
personal descriptions tone clearly attitude subject writing voice filled disgust bitterness filthy rat infested housing poor sadness destruction grass bushes trees highway irony gaudy taste newly rich compassion infirmities aged reverence crocus blooming excitement circus rock concert championship game listen voice young lonely boy charles description forlorn desolate schoolroom gazed schoolroom took forlorn desolate place seen room rows desks forms bristling round pegs hats slates scraps copy books exercises litter dirty floor silkworms houses materials scattered desks miserable white mice left owner running fusty castle pasteboard wire looking corners red eyes eat bird cage bigger makes mournful rattle hopping perch inches high dropping sings chirps strange unwholesome smell room mildewed corduroys sweet apples wanting air rotten books ink splashed roofless construction skies rained snowed hailed blown ink varying seasons
advocates women liberation target showing language corrupt thought instances word surgeon fault lies word society medical society traditionally limiting admission women medical schools natural think talk surgeons pilots professors politicians business executives visualize women talk nurses secretaries librarians housekeepers times change connotations language guess mankind countrymen freshmen replaced peoplekind countrypeople freshpeople women moved traditionally male occupations finding common acceptance policewoman newspaperwoman chairwoman unisex equivalents policeperson police officer newspaperperson journalist chairperson chair dictionary includes ms follow brings dictionary definitions fair accurate lexicographers alert sagacious word watchers dictionaries concerned denotations connotations part dictionary entry explains meaning word denotative discussion word synonyms involves connotations associations words note concept illustrated discussion american heritage dictionary words denotations fat connotations synonyms fat obese corpulent fleshy stout portly pudgy rotund plump chubby adjectives mean abundance flesh excess fat implies excessive weight generally unfavorable connotations obese employed principally medical usage reference extreme overweight corpulent general term connotation
pedaling frantically watching bus barrel raucous voice pierces air don bicycles makes structures especially hazardous unlike case ambiguous modifiers discussing problem limited internal modification single sentence dangling initial modifiers preceding sentence play big part creating ambiguity let look appeared context student paper dangers bicycling motorists actually vie honor machine entangled front grills trophies pedaling frantically watching bus barrel raucous voice motorists subject sentence sets expectation pedaling watching refer structurally logically dangle traditional grammar requires modifiers main clause logically tied subject recent recognition movable modifiers related main clause caused realize traditionally identified dangling modifiers dangle sentence modifier dangles sense signal test change ing structure sentence insert sentence subject insert sentence base sentence modifier dangles let look driving interstate moon rate speed obviously moon driving interstate
let examine paragraph earlier chapter paragraph defined unit discourse series sentences central focal point topic main idea generally explicitly stated topic sentence summarized definition relate paragraph form let examine paragraph middle magazine article current marriage experiments versions marriage cropping country detroit industrial relations specialist cooking social worker wife keeps family books berkeley research economist quit job wife continue working radio program coordinator takes care children boston lawyer feeds dresses children morning wife works late national organization women paragraph opening sentence topic sentence establishing subject marriage restriction subject versions cropping country case paragraph subject refers subject essay case cooperative marriages restriction directed paragraph longer complex paragraphs writer sentences establish subject restriction article general subject competitive sports competitive sport experience unique compresses selection process compact space areas human endeavor match olympic trials professional training camp intensity human stress young athlete face hours days kind pressure occurs achievement oriented
laws concerning marijuana date vague hard enforce need strengthened areas completely changed instructor comment paragraph appropriately laws specific laws vary laws cited examples discussion ways changed strengthened improved paragraph note statistics reasons authority serve illustration examples air pollution area largely due recent vast increase local population census showed population city lexington persons increased according figures percent increase city fayette county lexington belongs proportionate increase city include university students residing adds population huge influx cars fireplaces pollutants directly affected purity local air realized population growth answer effects apparent jacoby states million living population growth started hundred million polluting earth preferable population possibilities population growth realized jacoby economic fears large population inhibits economic growth enhances united states leader economic growth small population compared poorer crowded countries china india
obey traffic laws stop red lights signal turning observe stop signs generally stay speed limits ignore signs reserving parking handicapped drivers spaces mainly found front supermarkets movie theaters large stores shopping centers wrong parking let look problem handicapped person wheelchair drive van equipped hydraulic lift supermarket arrives park reserved spaces cars regular license plates parked drives finally finding empty spot store shopping returns van find cars parked person wheel chair needs extra space side van car wait drivers return frozen foods ice cream melted drivers parking blamed fault lies parked illegally handicapped spaces police fault ticket parking illegally concerts basketball football games cars towed don parking illegally handicapped spaces police patrol places patrol streets looking traffic violators police enforced law ticketing parking reserved places cars towed giving stiff fines illegal parking soon stop
intended discuss controversial subject want shun controversy contrary stand issue regardless fraught controversy asked feel whiskey stand question say whiskey mean devil brew poison scourge bloody monster defiles innocence reason destroys home creates misery poverty yes literally takes bread mouths children mean evil drink christian woman pinnacles righteous gracious living bottomless pit degradation despair shame helplessness hopelessness certainly power say whiskey mean oil conversation philosophic wine ale consumed fellows puts song hearts laughter lips warm glow contentment eyes mean christmas cheer mean stimulating drink puts spring gentleman step frosty morning mean drink enables magnify joy happiness forget tragedies sorrows mean drink sale pours treasuries untold millions dollars provide tender care crippled children blind deaf dumb pitiful aged infirm build highways hospitals schools certainly favor
country ago lived animal numbers staggering literally millions covered plains modern rifle shot indiscriminately food sport tongue skins dead animals skinned carcasses lay piled hundreds left rot sun twenty intensive hunting animal american bison disappeared plains today private herds remain unfortunately ecological destruction resulting human callousness bald eagle grizzly bear peregrine falcon timber wolf perilously close extinction continental united states chance preserve species induced pressures present congress act set alaska area land size california wildlife preserves national parks order preserve america true wilderness alaskan lands act passed student lengthy description senseless slaughter bison appeals readers sense outrage implies kind irresponsible killing animals mentioned appeal helps focus problem justify need legislation body paper concentrate adding support presenting counter arguments dealing material difficult readers attention proposition solution true attempt handle demanding paragraph structure showing effects making comparisons contrasts drawing analogy
students writing research paper typical high school suffer agony copying lengthy passages books magazines frantically trying gather passages thoughts night typing ordeal nightmare experience sound familiar high school experience lack sleep things wrong innocently innocently plagiarized disorganized scramble pages pages notes looking information knew find wanted turned mishmash statements indirect quotations direct quotations plagiarized passages integrated connecting transitions designed fulfill assignment satisfy teacher written interest readers clarify subject high school experience fine prepared classmates tackle research paper benefit review techniques numerous scholars developed save improve papers writing organized informative interesting paper requires skillful note taking notes goes paper taking effective notes requires efficient system disciplined habits objective note taking establish information retrieval plan enable find note easily accomplish recommend cards avoid confusion bibliography cards slips paper urge notebook pages note taking process requires single note information source aspect subject notes consist sentences
theoretically english spelling present difficulties writing system alphabetic ideal letter invariably represent sound unfortunately historical developments alphabetic system perfect influence introduction printing press fifteenth century english spelling started conventionalized ago languages undergo especially pronunciation conventions reflect present pronunciation fifteenth century major pronunciation english sounds vowels sound reflected spelling system instance spelling eye pronounced modern english closer pronunciation printing began england eeyuh consonant spellings remnants earlier pronunciations gh spelling words represents consonant sound longer existent language initial knife pronounced contributor modern spelling difficulties tendency borrow words languages retaining original spellings trait spellings greek ps psychology pn pneumonia french eau bureau beautiful result borrowings pronunciation spelling system chaotic hope baffled students thirds words follow spelling patterns help speller learn conventions written language reasons learning applying patterns spelling system imperfect recognizable united states english speaking countries
demonstrate comprehension information ideas piece writing single paragraph entire book compose accurate clearly organized clearly written summary piece summary mean restatement words content passage restatement focus passage central idea main points passage support central idea relationships including order emphasis case longer pieces include vew important illustrations examples passage slant bias possibly tone piece important summary ideas opinions conclusions summary qualities brevity completeness objectivity able tell retell exactly passage says skill granted read high school level material difficult technical re asking high school student read graduate level treatise abnormal psychology historian read article biophysics problem unfortunately problem problem kinds reasons don read closely fact safe say don read inattentively skip words phrases sentences words front registering significance thinking implications course reader fault pieces badly written carelessly presented invite kind slack reading reader fails pick meaning implications sentence real harm
revolution americans aware gee whiz gadgetry emerging rapidly accelerating bursts high technology laboratories perceive dimly pervasive profound twenty dawn era smart machine information age change forever entire nation works plays travels thinks industrial revolution dramatically expanded strength muscles reach hand smart machine revolution magnify power brain unlike industrial revolution depended finite resources iron oil information age fired seemingly limitless resource inexhaustible supply knowledge computer scientists understand galloping technology potential struck implications awesome says thomas bell laboratories scary driving force revolution development fundamental interactive technologies computers integrated circuits today tiny silicon chips half size fingernail etched circuitry powerful book seats jumbo jets planes working smoothly air cut complex swatches fabric wastage help children learn spell play chess beat grandest masters technology means bits computing power distributed small electric motors ubiquitous combined giant mainframe computers provide enormous problem solving potential addition computational plenty making smart machines easier forgiving unskilled programing machines communicating
taft president tends live whig assumption legislative power popular executive monarchical respectful deferential congress duty james buchanan prone say execute laws individual opinions congress face gathering rebellion buchanan later president eisenhower reported remarked privately aides felt called restore congress powers franklin roosevelt usurped public pronouncement personal act eisenhower respectful congressional prerogative doctrine separation powers form government declared convention national young republican organization peril branch willingly accepts discharges clear responsibilities respects rights responsibilities taft president makes independent powers prerogative powers commander chief implied executive power clause exerts political pressure sparingly symptomatic approach james bryce observation typical nineteenth century president communications congress perfunctory expression wishes messages necessarily effect congress article prominent party newspaper literalist president taste innovation social policy nostalgic past urges blueprint future feels taft bane government ill digested legislation real progress government slow stages view theodore roosevelt found upheld society able lawyers past middle age large numbers meaning respectable citizens
robber extreme situations hero rate flawed tragic hero michael kohlhaas penn ponder argue periods social injustice means side utopia outlaw clearly superior staid plodding citizen sentimental nonsense moral truancy truth matter shopkeepers bank clerks dim dull provided law abiding immeasurably robbers murderers simple fact bonnie clyde puerile antihero worship militantly ignores help uncomfortable biographical falsifications art liberties history piece non art rights certainly subject alexander facts facts equally obviously enters areas documented thoughts intimate conversations private moments fictions order barely past data living memories abound wonder gross distortions fact condoned movie begins pictures actual bonnie clyde narration dropped later manner genuine documentaries faithful restagings history esthetic prettification final dishonesty scenes stifling pretty prettiness esthetic equivalent goody reconciliation wheat field clouds passing sun produce fretwork light shadow laughter tears analogous thunder lightning murder scenes hackneyed thrillers
roosevelt sense confidence contagious inaugural address announced fear fear course exactly true acted swiftly decisively consistently economy closed banks gradually reopened sound rushed congress series acts ranging attempts aid business agriculture emergency banking legislation legalization sale beer wine thirteen lived neutral roosevelt hated businessmen called socialist simply white house radical president attacked going reforms trying patch american free enterprise system replacing form socialism important loved admired mass ordinary americans crowded radio listen comforting voice fireside chats explained complex government programs deal measures social security act wagner act aiding unionism reaching influence solved massive social economic problems facing country list agencies administrations popularly known initials aaa aided farmers wpa provided jobs unemployed succeeded extent restoring measure respect hope hard hit depression financially country remained slump defense spending stimulated economy nation finally emerged worst economic crisis fact nation deep slough puzzling
clarksville ozark van buren fort smith end arkansas roads oklahoma city tulsa mcalester wichita falls south enid north edmond mcloud purcell oklahoma city el reno clinton going west hydro elk city texola end oklahoma panhandle texas shamrock mclean conway amarillo yellow wildorado vega boise end texas tucumcari santa rosa mexican mountains albuquerque road comes santa fe gorged rio grande las west gallup border mexico high mountains holbrook winslow flagstaff hig mountains arizona plateau rolling ground swell ashfork kingman stone mountains water hauled sold broken sun rotted mountains arizona colorado green reeds banks end arizona california river pretty town start needles river river stranger place needles burned range desert goes terrible desert distance shimmers black center mountains hang unbearably distance barstow desert mountains rise mountains winds suddenly pass beautiful valley orchards vineyards houses distance city god flight streamed single car caravan rolled slowly road night stopped water
early cases answer question uniformly precisely rigid absolute formulations statement chief justice taney maintained military officer justify unlawful act producing order superior realistic judicial assessments recognized subordinate position determine legality illegality order nature military service requires prompt obedience subordinate officers pausing consider obey scrupulously weighing evidence facts commander chief exercises demand services justice story observed hostile enterprise accomplished twenty later justice curtis point case soldier sued false arrest think defendant bound order apparently lawful satisfy inquiry commanding officer proceeded sufficient grounds require destructive military discipline promptness efficiency service dramatic case american military history turned problem trial mentioned major henry wirz commandant confederate prison camp andersonville ga abundant virtually evidence showed union prisoners herded camp altogether lacking shelter froze winter burned summer stream constituting sole source water constantly fouled corpses human waste food totally inadequate despite abundant harvests country camp neighboring farmers hearing starvation rampant camp wagonloads food relief turned wirz camp nightmare hunger exposure disease inmates died rate hundred week mounting total end war
driving force revolution development fundamental interactive technologies computers integrated circuits today tiny silicon chips half size fingernail etched circuitry powerful book seats jumbo jets planes working smoothly air cut complex swatches fabric wastage help children learn spell play chess beat grandest masters technology means bits computing power distributed small electric motors ubiquitous combined giant mainframe computers provide enormous problem solving potential addition computational plenty making smart machines easier forgiving unskilled programming machines communicating asks peter hart director sri international artificial intelligence center point explosion beginning market microelectronics topped billion chip sales expected grow percent annually market microprocessors entire computers chip expand cent chips computing power represent diving price industry officials fond remarking automobile industry improved technology rate computer science turning rolls cost apiece clouds industry horizon capital costs rising japan mounting challenge american supremacy field experts predict shape industry change considerably end decade shrinking half dozen ibm giants
nice able summon lord clark civilisation jacob bronowski ascent felt yes tapes cost apiece lucky wicked pirated copy bbc money price peanuts haven touched real potential technology opportunity cure failings conventional education especially large classes genuine education requires feedback interaction pupil teacher student clear points understand ideally inspiration recently met turkish engineer seen professor tiny figure platform sea heads predicament shared students electronic tutor solving problem computer programs allow student carry dialogue computer asking questions answering questions asks computer aided instruction cai confused cia extremely effective pupil refuse believe dealing computer program human technology influence education saying educational setup consists log teacher end pupil modern woefully short teachers running logs shortage teachers technology ameliorate fact tend forget technological aid education book don clone teachers multiply printing press mightiest educational machines library
beginning illness ivan ilyich doctor split contradictory moods continually alternating despair anticipation uncomprehended awful death hope absorbed watching actual condition body confronting kidney intestine temporarily declined perform duties unknown awful death escaping moods alternated beginning illness illness progressed doubtful fantastic conception kidney real sense approaching death reflect months reflect steadily going downhill possibility hope shattered late loneliness found lying face sofa loneliness middle populous town numerous acquaintances family loneliness complete found bottom sea deep earth late fearful loneliness ivan ilyich lived imagination past pictures past rose began nearest remote childhood rested ivan ilyich thought stewed prunes offered dinner mind damp wrinkled french plum childhood peculiar taste flow saliva stone sucked memory taste rose series memories period nurse brother playthings
decided speak venerable brethren church christ human race nature dignity christian marriage advantages benefits accrue family human society errors contrary important point gospel teaching vices opposed conjugal union lastly principal remedies applied follow footsteps predecessor leo xiii happy memory encyclical arcanum published fifty ago confirm wish expound fully points called conditions needs times declare obsolete retains full force present begin encyclical wholly concerned divine institution matrimony sacramental dignity perpetual stability let repeated immutable inviolable fundamental doctrine matrimony instituted restored god laws strengthen confirm elevate god author nature christ lord nature restored laws subject human decrees contrary pact spouses doctrine holy scripture constant tradition universal church solemn definition sacred council trent declares establishes words holy writ god author perpetual stability marraige bond unity firmness
positive woman travel dead end road evident positive woman female body baby producing organs designed conspiracy divine architect human race think unfair women babies complaint god power capable changing fundamental fact college campuses assured methods reproduction developed deal real imagination dreamers feature woman natural role obvious fact women breast feed babies functional role imposed conspiratorial males seeking burden women confining chores recognized part plan divine architect survival human race centuries countries pasteurization milk sterilization bottles positive woman looks femaleness fertility part purpose potential power rejoices capability creativity basic dogma women liberation movement difference male female sex organs physical cognitive emotional differences think merely result centuries restraints imposed male dominated society sex stereotyped schooling role imposed women definition inferior according women liberationists
ancient mythmakers knew children equally sky earth tenure planet accumulated dangerous evolutionary baggage hereditary propensities aggression ritual submission leaders hostility outsiders place survival question acquired compassion love children children children desire learn history soaring passionate intelligence clear tools continued survival prosperity aspects nature prevail uncertain vision understanding prospects bound exclusively earth worse small part immensity cosmos inescapable perspective awaits obvious signs extraterrestrial intelligence makes wonder civilizations rush implacably headlong destruction national boundaries evident view earth space fanatical ethnic religious national chauvinisms difficult maintain planet fragile blue crescent fading inconspicuous point light bastion citadel stars travel broadening worlds arisen worlds charred ruined cosmic catastrophes fortunate alive powerful welfare civilization species hands speak earth committed survival human species undertaking venture successful important colonization land descent trees
developments lead large numbers paths success requirement socialized behavior success marital personal adaptation connected family child rearing practices smaller families urban spread permissive child care wider strata population relaxation older patterns discipline newer patterns peer group group associates age class important child parents feel guilty violation standards failure popular manage relations children pressures school peer group reinforced continued mass media movies radio comics popular culture media generally conditions types character emerge term directed common directed contemporaries source direction individual known indirectly acquainted friends mass media source course internalized sense dependence guidance implanted early goals directed person strives shift guidance process striving process paying close attention signals remain unaltered mode keeping touch permits close behavioral conformity drill behavior tradition directed character exceptional sensitivity actions wishes
total result recoiling tendencies neurotic incurs real failures considering opportunities gifts started ahead careers greater success lagging concern external success older feels discrepancy potentialities achievements feels keenly gifts going waste blocked development personality mature goes reacts realization discrepancy vague discontent discontent masochistic real proportionate discrepancy potentialities achievement due pointed external circumstances discrepancy develops neurotic person failing characteristic neuroses due internal conflicts actual failures consequent increasing discrepancy potentialities achievements inevitably give greater force existing inferiority feelings believes actually inferior impact development greater puts inferiority feelings realistic basis discrepancy mentioned high flown ambitions comparatively poor reality unbearable demands remedy remedy fantasy offers neurotic substitutes grandiose ideas attainable goals obvious cover unendurable feelings nothingness allow feel important entering competition incurring risk failure success allow build fiction grandeur attainable goal
fortunately confidence mysterious acquisition gain willing learn experience fact experienced writers individuals writing primary occupation learned lessons find helpful consider ernest hemingway nickname papa suggests legendary position american writers says early writing experiences paris wonderful walk flights stairs knowing luck working worked stopped knew going happen sure going starting story going sit front fire squeeze peel oranges edge flame watch sputter blue stand look roofs paris think worry written write write true sentence write truest sentence finally write true sentence easy true sentence knew seen heard say started write elaborately introducing presenting found cut scrollwork ornament throw start true simple declarative sentence written room decided write story thing knew
line map discovers defines information want begin writing subject lines shapes figures enable identify information observe reason annotate map suggesting word phrase significance object saw sketch sufficient detail annotations help comment distortions space activity shape likely draw map inevitably mapmakers admit failed proportions landmarks big energy centers inconsistent focal points diffuse annotations remind learning subject try map armed sketch pad pencils jenny ventured varsity barbershop asked barbers permission complete assignment agreed immediately began joking famous jenny mapped wonderful started barbers occasional customer look shoulder inspect comment map part absorbed atmosphere shop began concentrate subject spent hour making maps pages mapping actually stage procedure map interpret stage focus process creation eyes move constantly objects observing shapes sketching pencil frame center catalogue details gathering information subject need order write
begin compiling list able answer search question list include experts studied subject participants lived subject information brokers subject put touch easily include roommate parents family doctor contact list ask interview tell general terms trying find think able help ask talk specific amount longer hour don overstay welcome set interviews try anticipate attitudes interview questions likely friendly hostile preoccupied merely puzzled arrive anticipate attitudes known heard express opinions subject times anticipate attitudes imagining position feel interviewed subject topics want asked topics want avoid questions interviewer motives methods analyzed going talk ask want learn search question helps identify general direction successful interview requires ask question interviewing don want prepared
move preliminary stages writing process questions help discover purpose brainstorm code word asking ways characterize kind subdivisions select subject brainstorming explore framing search question terms fundamental questions say instance brainstormed word artist assessing information decided explore subject women artists form search question comparatively women ranks universally acknowledged artists examine organize assess information find subject terms questions happened history prevent women freely artists document relative scarcity women artists history women look differ look difference implications art point generate considerable information establish significant perspectives incorporating questions planning strategies restricted refined writing project convert questions specific writing strategies help demonstrate purpose occasions information suggest strategies demonstrating purpose traces stages steps suggesting explain process accomplished happened elaborate meaningful characteristics suggesting define subject
ago wrote book dealt part difficulties english india feeling difficulties india americans read book freely read feel cheque author result bought wood cheque large wood scarcely trees intersected blast public footpath property owned participate shame ask accents vary horror important question effect property character don let touch economics effect private ownership community question important question let psychology things effect effect wood place makes feel heavy property effect property produces weight weight failed kingdom heaven wicked unfortunate millionaire parable stout stuck front mention wedged crystalline entrance bruised fed flanks saw beneath comparatively slim camel passing eye needle woven robe god gospels couple stoutness slowness point perfectly obvious seldom realized lot things move lot furniture requires dusting dusters require servants servants require insurance stamps tangle makes think accept invitation dinner bathe jordan
function introductory paragraph lead readers essay readers want writing find interesting significant effect introduction preview essay captures attention find easier adjust demands writer introductory paragraphs types blend suggestions intend essay attention getting devices engage readers interest types short paragraph states thesis essay explanation introduction called thesis paragraph examples future read nature america difficult america western country americans picture ideals controversial deceptive exalt exaggerated virtues deplore partly imaginary sins overpraise nobility original hopes cry present betrayal denounce imminent ruin decent honorable extol perfect utopia inventions political speech essay luigi barzini knowing americans robert oppenheimer american physicist scientist statesman directed building atomic bombs los mexico war ii government discerning fundamental defects character denied security clearance died throat cancer professed embodied moral ambiguities twentieth century science science charging breakneck human institutions scientists waking dreams
writing decide informative affective want assignments reports experiments summaries books events essay examinations require informative treatment persuasive essays intended reader believe affective expository essays combine informative affective elements essays choice depend situation purpose rod final essay washington monument chapter informative readers facts monument history affective rod wants readers understand monument special merely building facts inexperienced writers believe objective avoid pronoun rule thumb true situations general rule misleading respects writing experiences ideas feelings reasonable objection avoiding guarantee objective treatment subject statement saw car run red light objective crazy fool drove red light determine tone essay informative affective examining evidence writing writing emphasizes objective description subject decide tone informative writing designed influence reader response emphasizing writer feelings opinions decide tone affective
surprised discover nantucket suffered severe outbreak cobblestones absence symptoms onset obvious left january telltale rash electrified fake gas street lamps beginning spread sidewalks cautioned friend crowley re careful caught raging epidemic quaintness seen plagues onset fake gas lamps bad sign worst happen crowley asked hesitated tell felt obliged duty friendship worst cases inhabitants find dressed wigs hoop skirts knee britches standing public places stirring boiling vats candle wax tourist snapshots think danger onset fake gas lamps intermediate stage characterized severe outbreak cobblestones stage disease tendency expand summer tourist season winter saloonkeepers start referring merchandise wassail cups hotel keepers refer fireplace wood yule logs happened crowley cried disease progressing backward wouldn surprised severe outbreak cobblestones summer note nantucket island located south cape cod minutes air columbus avenue heavily dependent tourism highly vulnerable epidemics rampant middle class northeastern megalopolis group fever chic smolders constantly alongside damp smoke nostalgia cobblestones easily predictable gourmet delicatessen easily predictable
reminds happened universities events witnessed ringside seat period fashion giving student failures effect academic devastating illiterate lazy students average students stopped studying result profound change academic dropouts failed studies dropouts gifted brilliant students found college meaningless happens schools unlike happens society large penalties improvidence laziness ignorance softened removed thing failure thing success motivation desire excel urge accomplishment disappear dynamism society lost afraid direction society going steadily biggest losers brightest capable women average person loser faced challenge assured comfortable living persons willing dependents content parasitical relationship rest society significant class interested encouraging parasitism welfare officials social workers threatened loss power marked reduction number clients motivated increase decrease welfare dependency politicians flourished getting increased federal grants disadvantaged group
background reading discover ways classify subdivide cross reference topic cluster categories encounter tell things restrict general subject ken case telephones specific subject want write telephone advertising find specific subject listed headings telephone advertising advertising television commercials consult material deal directly subject order discover perspective help organize information business history social history communications theory discover subject headings related subject consult reference book entitled library congress subject headings guide located card catalog enable subject classified cross card catalog ingenuity determine subject listed try look equal rights amendment find look women rights united states united states constitution find wealth material times ingenuity determine subheadings locate provide promising leads ken looked telephone discovered pages columns page subject headings heading entitled telephone advertising headings social history communications theory looked promising similarly word advertising produce specific reference telephone advertising provide headings media market research lead sources involved information telephone
pieces information source card help research process call number left enables locate book shelf source number enables locate source stack source cards code note cards read source number rest information source card helps research process writing process information author title place publication publisher date publication entered according format books articles required final bibliography listing sources pages point sources surface paper save later filling source card properly begin research ready type final bibliography simply arrange sources alphabetical order type information provided source card filled source cards material plan read evaluation guidelines establish priorities sources crucial subject sources read sources likely help find sources sort cards organize reading efficient begin reading sources need start taking notes note taking critical stage research process demands read select interpret evaluate information form substance paper
established common themes thinking convert hypotheses try match preliminary outline match immediately providing assertion explains divisions outline require revise internal divisions outline expand range information need consider suggest reorganize completely hypothesis try advance draft depends number factors personal preference understanding information gathered confidence ability demonstrate propose prove ken looked comments discovered ideas advanced writers explain trying prove research marshall mcluhan observation advertising provide future historians faithful record changing society gave ken rationale subject paper tracing society tracing ads corporation mcluhan comment assert nature impact society alvin toffler theory wave civilization moved waves stages agriculture industry information suggested ken organize historical periods trying analyze reconsider early history telephone period excluded preliminary outline began war thought theory ken realized helped pattern advertising corporation began introducing product predominantly rural country agriculture soon began manufacture product mass scale industry started emphasize services product information
trouble spelling step improvement inventory errors notebook written record words actually misspell writing basic list review periodically date crossing words mastered adding words recently misspelled study list concentrate part word misspelled generally misspell words syllables students misspell secretary interchange vowels misspellings tragedy placing extra misspellings words receive belief friend reversing identifying specific errors concentrate syllable error occurs words prove unusually troublesome helps learn invent memorizing device rule slogan jingle matter absurd remind correct spelling syllable rule stated jingle page rules prefixes suffixes generally memorizing devices help remember statements secretary keeps secret remember gum argument cemetery meter middle capitalize danger spots practice tragedy maintenance desperate devices help invent finally don worry spelling writing drafts papers wait revision break writing paragraph dictionary lose thought recapture
jeremy think basketball season thought captain team flyers jeremy ran read big sign put front yard player needed flyers basketball team season tryouts tomorrow sign don believe micky adam rode hi jeremy micky names list jeremy list sister play basketball adam look backyard jeremy ran backyard watched melanie basket basket play micky team jeremy taller team adam tall micky jumps high runs fast sure throw basketball adam girl girl jeremy sister play team tomorrow adam micky left melanie jeremy called bet re tired boy melanie re tired clean room jeremy melanie sure jeremy re tired won want try flyers tomorrow melanie shape tomorrow wouldn miss tryouts giant ant farm asked jeremy jeremy getting idea don want try flyers melanie jeremy don worry jeremy melanie proud play tryouts
today terrible started dropped pencil miss tyler asked ronald morgan crawling desk snake children started call snakey miss tyler told night homework noticed mother forgotten sign mine quickly signed miss tyler ronald morgan wrong sign names spelled mother wrong children laughed later billy reading satellite group hungry hungry tiptoed coatroom ate sandwich wrong bag ate jimmy sandwich ronald morgan eating miss tyler asked sandwich ate jimmy sandwich mistake children looked jimmy cried didn want sandwich alice reading mariners group workbook page didn remember asked rosemary don rosemary asked rockets group later play ball played left field don catch ball ran missed milk money fell pocket lost game snakey billy yelled lunchtime finally money milk watched jimmy eat sandwich hungry part rosemary carrot billy grapes lunch miss tyler called rockets reading circle rocket rosemary read sentence tom read didn mistakes today
started raced school yard slid patch ice watch rosemary yelled late bumped landed snow pile hung coat fed goldfish fed frank gerbil rosemary fed gerbil food goldie boxes look billy shook head read letters fish gerbil friend michael put water fish tank lunch looked inside white winter classroom miss tyler sat drew snowflake cut tom ronald morgan funny snowflake don cut lines miss tyler gave note home maybe need glasses lunch marc asked glasses doctor sims office today answered michael asked doctor sims office doctor sims look point pointed looked smaller smaller doctor sims hard mother look glasses yes doctor sims glasses help look sharp clear tried red frames slid nose put blue frames mother michael doctor sims glasses ready
benjamin franklin things printer discovered electricity liked write books newspapers helped write laws united states benjamin stopped going school ten benjamin wanted learn school learned things reading reading read find benjamin franklin coming ideas ideas franklin stove stove stood inside fireplace room hotter fireplace today stoves stove franklin franklin grew older found needed glasses needed pair glasses things needed pair glasses things want read books want look fire water stars don want pairs glasses want pair franklin took top part glasses faraway things took bottom part glasses things franklin put pair glasses franklin put glasses need look things look things think call glasses bifocals glasses franklin reading learning benjamin franklin bifocals needed pair glasses
nick afraid soon going school longer teacher home nick talked parents school wheelchair asked kids don school walk nick questions spilled feel afraid parents nick felt wednesday morning small yellow bus took nick school teacher met bus hope school nick teacher pushed nick hall classroom room looked nick teacher mrs becker smiled re glad re told nick names boys girls class spoke mrs becker nick think children ask questions nick nodded looking rachel asked question wheelchair walk nick walk asked nina legs didn grow asked timmie nick looked mrs becker boys girls helped nick started nick looked children teacher bright pictures walls didn feel afraid anymore felt school days nick children grew learned asked helped nick helped
clyde wasn monster growing uglier lived large forest parents father monster big big monster ugly friends family fun pretty monster mother monster uglier picture family monsters clyde lived cave night supposed live cave daytime played forest monster things breathing fire lake clyde things jumping large holes ground bumping things clyde supposed cave sleep problem started didn want cave asked mother won cave answered clyde afraid dark afraid asked father monster mine afraid afraid clyde afraid silly father show father breathed fire lit cave hiding rock jump sleeping answered clyde silly mother wouldn hurt wouldn asked clyde mother hide dark bed scare boy girl answered clyde upset mother think wouldn hide scare ago monsters deal father
sun wakes comes east shines window lights room makes room warm colors clouds sky dressed mother calls wants eat cereal wheat dad tells sun helps wheat grow says sun helps plants trees grow big tall eating cereal ask parents question sun mother tells planet earth says sun star looks bigger stars nearer earth stars dad says sun keeps planet warm says earth dark cold sun live earth sun mom tells days short says summer warm sun high sky days winter cold sun low sky days shorter dad tells sun shine side planet sleeping says earth spins moves sun makes full spin everyday side planet earth live faces sun side turned sun night night sky dark sleep
stan groundhog stood party stan going leaving job weather forecaster claws paws newspaper theodore cat owner paper stan give weather forecast stan window looked looked shadow warm sunny afternoon won rain going thanks party crack lightening lights office thunder ka ka rain started stan waved bye left theodore looked room groundhog needs job caroline porcupine asked forecaster groundhog yes theodore knows groundhogs spring coming looking shadows want groundhog weather forecaster caroline want job lot weather took class weather forecasting theodore yes caroline real forecasts let show theordore let bet forecast weather week days row give job groundhog theodore bet caroline caroline took weather instruments instruments kinds things morning caroline set instruments animals stopped working walked caroline desk watched
trapped earth answered earth warm light let sun pulled sun earth began hotter hotter soon hot birds flew sky happened animals forests hotter thought burn let sun net maybe sun promise called sun let promise promise say answered sun let promise promise cried sun close edges earth morning night daytime warm earth say sun let free sun sun hot net called animals close sun help animals brave tried help deer tried free sun fox tried otter tried sun hot beaver try days beaver look looks
betrice didn books didn read hated going library brother henry afternoons row henry report dinosaurs henry look beatrice don books henry library don want beatrice look books henry tried don want beatrice want henry asked want watch henry watch re finished give henry henry worked report beatrice sat chair watched henry tried notice beatrice didn want inside bea henry don want beatrice told henry want sit beatrice answered henry don move beatrice promised henry inside report suddenly henry felt drops water didn coming felt tap shoulder henry turned beatrice soaking wet raining give henry raining beatrice inside henry looked books hold beatrice asked henry gave books hold re heavy beatrice yelled suddenly books dropped foot began cry
telling stories books storytellers ago stories tell things happened stories real things stories lesson africa storytellers told stories night children sat circle fire moonlight storyteller carried net small bones feathers bits glass child picked net storyteller told story african storyteller stood inside circle person animal spoke story storyteller changed spoke beat sounds story drum american indian storytellers told stories night indian storyteller gave small gifts children story thank children giving night listen story indian storytellers gave corn children story indians thought children ate corn story told meaning story clear mexico stories told things happened storytellers mexico began story saying tale ago storyteller ended story saying saw eyes china pictures tell story pictures part story storyteller pointed picture telling story today stories read books storytelling important
caterpillars turn butterfies caterpillars turn moths surprising caterpillars look butterflies moths let caterpillars turn butterflies butterflies lay eggs plants eggs big head pin soon caterpillars eggs caterpillars look tiny worms feet caterpillars soft skin rough skin butterfly caterpillar grows big fit inside skin skin cracks open falls caterpillar bigger skin caterpillar skin times growing butterfly caterpillars eat eat night caterpillars eat plants butterfly caterpillars grow fingernail grow big fat crayon weeks butterfly caterpillar stops eating finds plant hold spins covering covering called cocoon caterpillar inside cocoon called pupa inside cocoon pupa changing growing legs wings body happening butterfly cocoon cracks open butterfly pushes head sticks feelers wiggles body cocoon butterfly stands thin legs butterfly wet
don want thanksgiving won fun grandma grandma dad mother lives town don visit grandma thanksgiving stay home mom says things mom dad don live anymore mom says visit dad house want want visit grandma house room grandma fixes pancakes thanksgiving grandma cooked huge turkey mom dad put funny hats ate turkey sick grandma write ago grandma scrapbook letter letter mom want visit things sending scrapbook touch scrapbook love letter thing put scrapbook grandma scrapbook lot saved purple leaf found put scrapbook put things scrapbook grandma feather bird cage took picture bike dad birthday
told ago lived arrogant cruel young lord ruled small village western hills japan village haughtily able living decree seventy banished village left mountains die terrible decree cruel unreasonable lord village whispered lord fearfully punished disobeyed villagers turned seventy tearfully carried mountains return gradually fewer fewer village soon disappeared altogether young lord pleased fine village young healthy hardworking bragged soon finest village japan lived village kind young farmer aged mother poor farmer mother lived happily mother grew older reached terrible age seventy deceive cruel lord farmer thought records village books knew mother turned seventy son put telling mother mountains die village began talk farmer knew mother soon lord send soldiers throw dark dungeon die
happened ago strange remember terrible night blizzard blew top bringing awful cold earth froze tight axle full stop fewer heard panic spread morning history sun refused rise crumbling copies oldest newspapers find account paul bunyan giant logger superhuman effort accomplished seemingly impossible task setting turning known fact earth spins axle running center top bottom top end turns huge bearing set ice sticks feet air end called north pole end sticks bearing bottom south america called south pole spinning arranged sunrise comes early morning roughly twelve hours sunshine warm give light sunset comes end bringing night sleeping arrangement going remember speak worked morning earth frozen axle sunrise couldn spinning earth thing ordinary seldom notice sign wrong fact roosters didn crow
city accra gulf guinea country garden dig yams market digging yams re weeded digging stick leave farmer turned looked cow amazement cow chewing cud looking say asked cow chewing dog spoke wasn cow spoke dog yam yam says leave angry dog talked didn tone took knife cut branch palm tree whip dog palm tree put branch getting upset things going started throw palm branch palm branch put softly put branch gently stone stone hey thing frightened farmer started run village met fisherman going fish trap head hurry fisherman asked yam leave dog listen yam says whip dog palm branch tree put branch palm branch softly
mystery fictional story presents puzzle crime solved puzzling event happens story opens event occurred story begins case story characters confused baffled event reader mystery story main characters story interested solving mystery story tells character goes gathering clues solve mystery end story mystery unraveled meaning clues revealed enjoyment mystery story game reader drawn competing detective finding solution games rules mystery stories follow rules rules distinguish mystery types fiction clues detective presented reader author withhold pieces puzzle prevent reader solving mystery read clues vikki zach ricardo solve crime opening story told egg salt water trick muddy ground intruder seen bathroom mirror delivery large quantity salt suspects revealed early story real culprit guilty person brought story conclusion introduced otis keefe bloodhound gang case flying clock soon learn crime
alfred hitchcock speaking everyday flexible crawl snail going dentist race past orbiting satellite turn backward exactly happens story clues present invited turn detective help solve mystery peter perkins puzzle cryptogram editor sunday morning star strolling boardwalk atlantic beach dusk boardwalk deserted amusement park took blocks shoreline small city atlantic beach silent empty filled whispering ghosts merrymakers actually whispering ghosts leaves perkins lively imagination effort shake strange mood puzzle editor increased pace heading atlantic street block beach call friend fritz sandoz watch clock repair shop puzzle enthusiast worked puzzles night week fritz wizard repairing kind clock peter friends peter shop opened special lock door evenings walked dark room called fritz fritz voice roared ear huge hands grabbed helpless baby peter perkins dragged room clock hospital lights blazed brightly caught killer deep voice ear returning scene crime
wouldn nice stay young forever think spend playing favorite games friends living worries cares growing older wonderful bored things playing games story ray bradbury considers grow going clock run going suitcase packed shoes shined hair brushed expressly washed ears remained stairs front door street small town station train stop fox hill illinois left past iowa kansas california small boy twelve birth certificate valise show born forty ago willie called voice downstairs yes hoisted suitcase bureau mirror saw face june dandelions july apples warm summer morning milk look angel innocent change called woman voice stairs grunting smiling living room sat anna steve clothes painfully neat cried willie parlor door
pardon chip sheila looked feet voice table plug sprouted chip feet hey cried kate marconi head appeared asked plug held belonged sheila computer chip grabbed plug yes yelled kate slid table unplugging computer music room unplugged wrong computer sorry sheila sheila cried learn computers quit stood slammed notebook shut stomped room black despair chip sank chair oversized wool sweater rode neck covered face wool face itch kate tapped top chip head peeking sweater tough break kid chip head popped sweater re sorry purpose actually didn kate room re looking bad guys find person messed school computer chip spun faced kate school computer happened asked actually supposed talk kate heard miss phipps talking constanza constanza principal pine hill middle school malicia phipps taught math computer science ran school computer club miss phipps reason grades late munged report card program program find kid grades print report cards miss phipps wrote program knows works thinks changed conk sleepy chip asked chip friend sleepy kolwezi miss phipps official programmer sleepy didn program kate
called friend sherlock holmes morning christmas wanted wish compliments season found holmes lounging sofa huge pile newspapers lay couch wooden chair hung worn black felt hat seat large magnifying glass tool suggested holmes closely examining hat engaged interrupt glad friend discuss results matter small holmes pointing hat interesting seated armchair warmed hands crackling fire sharp frost set windows thick icicles suppose remarked hat deadly story linked clue guide solve mystery punish criminal crime answered sherlock holmes laughing peterson commissionaire yes replied found hat owner unknown arrived christmas morning company fat goose roasting front peterson fire facts clock christmas morning peterson walking home street lit nearby gaslight tallish walking front carried white goose shoulder corner stood small gang young ruffians stranger approached began bother knocked hat defense stranger swung stick head
father study large globe countries running put finger exact spot born wrong side globe china city named hankow dot crooked line break country line yangtse river looking map yangtse river orange brown muddy mustard colored wide wide wide river smell bottom women knelt riverbank begging river god return son grandson drowned wail beat earth river god pay attention knew busy river god yangtse river coolies hauling water women washing clothes houseboats swarming young chickens pigs big crooked sailed junks eyes painted prows going loved yangtse river course belonged side america grandmother twenty fluffy yellow chicks hatched eggs today grandmother wrote wrote grandmother watched chinese magician swallow yards fire trouble living wrong side didn feel real american actually american minute especially school hours british school morning sang god save king
football player university wisconsin bob teague popular wanted run public office college newspaper reporter newscaster major television network teague started writing letters son adam adam ten months teague wanted son family grew faced problems teague wrote adam mother taw lady ten month called letters told family stories relatives especially aunt letty publishing letters teague son family problems overcome bit miffed today response tall lady nickname mother lose shopping left matter games thought clear happy till returned minutes crawl front door taw lady taw lady question ask stay door questioning look face opened prove hallway tried explain store idea daddy driving repeated routine dozen times anyway fathers sensitive things makes feel useless don understand point view daddies seldom need mothers hand dependable
ability distinguish fact opinion helps reader evaluate judge material fact true proved statement jonathan swift wrote book called gulliver travels fact proved checking card catalog encyclopedia opinion person feels topic issue opinions proved opinions based person emotions feelings based facts opinions true statement think gulliver travels greatest book english language opinion speaker expressing opinion opinion based fact book considered classic words clues statement fact opinion words guess feel hope think states opinion read pair sentences decide sentence states fact expresses opinion cities nicer places live suburbs city boston parks cambridge sentence opinion anastasia opinion beginning anastasia makes assumptions opinion based speaker personal observations clue words mentioned statement opinion proved agree author living city opinions sentence fact statement checked true proved find authors put statements fact opinion selection
mouse named mrs frisby knew group rats living farm met rat named nicodemus told story started night nicodemus friend jenner market eat noticed truck letters nimh parked nearby rats began eat jumped truck began catching nets emptied nets cage truck drove rats unloaded nimh national institute mental health divided test groups individual wire cages dr schultz julie george teachers nicodemus continued explain story days lives fell pattern reason captivity gradually clear dr schultz neurologist expert brains nerves intelligence learn things hoped experimenting find injections help learn faster younger working george julie graduate students biology watch told signs improvement faster learning quicker reactions group compared group compared control group training began injections george suppose julie dr schultz test rats took cage shelf carried room similar equipment shelves cages
think dream writing virginia hamilton says writing mean thinks writing important thing think living finding important writer says forget fear look virginia hamilton books grow directly branches tree characters form ohio characters big cities caribbean islands future worlds face problems similar knows faced overcome virginia hamilton born yellow springs ohio says home descendants abolitionists fugitive slaves mother daughter slaves yellow springs station underground railroad trail hiding places slaves freedom award winning book house dies drear set house hiding place hamilton learned family freedom bright sensitive child freedom discover find found mother side family mother warm hearted generous sick landless fond telling tales ancestors uncle king told tall tales mother slice fiction floating family polish saga father creole family wandered face country canada traveling mind
night halloween actor orson welles read play called war worlds radio play form radio broadcast describing invasion creatures mars living radio main source news thought play news flash sure earth invaded martians panic gripped parts country virginia hamilton event create fictional story twelve girl ohio story opens willie bea younger sister brother dressed halloween commotion downstairs minute willie bea couldn tell going talking sounded hurt bad moaning crying woman sounding scared death matter happened heard willie bea mama say accident car heard papa ask awe aw awe hear woman cry bitter anguish whispered bay sister shhhh willie bea carefully crept farther stairs bay sister hand knew bay sister bay brother hand tell decided upset living room feel saw wonderful costumes ghosts hobo end ev thing woman cried heaven awe aw awe aunt leah willie bea aunt leah bay sister willie bea eased landing landing lighted glow living room lamps
chill night uncomfortably cool night airish willie bea mama starting road home goes grand house tonight willie bea realized find grand wing house night kelly farm reason uncle jimmy martians martians tall trees shaped mouths talk frightened thought heat ray likely lost land ran gasoline home willie bea knew kelly farm owned kelly filled mystery rich landholders brought harvested grain town wagons pulled tractors knew general location kelly farm direction home willie bea knew downtown end town rarely venture side town town girls age didn wander hard getting automobile family bicycle home din front room awful spilled hallway kitchen babies squalling uns bay brother age hollering shrieking noise movement folks gathered add martian invasion feel fear grown folks home afraid looked shoulders windows
house books part childhood wonderful part wasn sure laura thought laura person alive wrote laura writer spent evenings writing rewriting wanted book approve important tell children difficult times times accepted wrote matter factly wanted tell qualities love courage apparent laura stories kitchen window laura look rocky ridge trees husband manly planted spread shady patches lawn crops planted rows soon vegetables ready fat red potatoes plump beans curly headed cabbages rich earth clinging sold stored winter inside house smelled sweet jam poured jars pickles corn relish busy laura hard farm hard father pa laughed hard tracking knee deep snow days catch bear food tell hard cloud grasshoppers noise chewing filling air ate leaf stem precious food pa planted laura looked road ran past farm cars traveled trucks manly car garage wonderful farm machines barn things pa heard
sam levenson grew large happy family york city growing late money scarce neighborhood beautiful high school teacher tv personality able describe expedition wilds central park exciting humorous experience summer kids hike strong opposition mama open road mama closed mind method discouraging venturing unknown entire project ridiculous re going re going hike hike mama ask started explain idea fact ridiculous walking ma walking leave home matter walking walk watch don understand ma lunch give lunch march table start singing march clapping hands rhythmically couldn understand enjoyable fall mountain fire escape wild animals woods wild animals kind wild animals bear instance bear eat ma bears don eat children okay won eat bite spit telling wild animal eats don running going georgie georgie
ellen conford writing books children twenty books published books special awards written stories poems magazines ellen conford begin writing ideas kinds stories write ellen conford interested writing grade says teacher asked write spelling words sentences played words noticed sentences rhymed thought list teacher handed papers didn return mine asked front room read mine loud finished reading clapped naturally put spelling words poem week don think poems sense teacher pleased encouraged praise enthusiasm ellen conford remembers early experience encouraged writer wrote poem dentist gave put bulletin board office recently retired mother thought piece ellen early writing shows appreciate write ellen book picture book young children written happened says library looking books son didn books found thought write story home set ellen impossible possum book publishers published
add music play help set mood scene emphasize actions play accompany dancing singing records african music place start listen musical selections choose suited action play try playing instruments records course fun music instrument play music things collect find list things listen african music american jazz rock rhythm blues roots african music listen let feel rhythms rhythms combining individual patterns beats layers rhythm want effects combining simple beats sounds pick part play hare takes leopard ride want add music decide feeling want music music accompany happy welcoming dance hare ride leopard start beat pulse feels action steady tick tick pulse dull build rhythm rhythm repeating pattern sounds steady pulse beat makes beat interesting listen accents silences rhythm hear tick tick twos fours threes difference feeling try
writers plays character signal speaking tell character lines spoken authors textbooks subjects health social studies science helpful signals help understand remember content presented chapter section headings bold italic print captions pictures aids help comprehend material signals successful reader textbooks plan step plan help organize study remember study stand survey question stand read recite review plan set purpose reading begin study setting purpose easier understand remember material read survey means look begin study minutes idea material put look page reading look headings divide material sections pictures look pictures captions read questions author asks beginning end lesson surveying material read later try predict think subject ask questions survey turn headings assignment questions ask
edges ocean water crashes shore unseen force pushing water beach pulling sea seawater comes high shore times water beach daily forward backward motions seawater called tides hours water sea moves land comes closer shore water rises higher higher land incoming water called flood tide water stops rising high tide water turns starts move shore called ebb tide end hours water stops going water reaches lowest point low tide soon water reaches low tide starts move shore change low tide high tide high tide low tide sudden steady constant oceans high tides low tides twenty hours tables tide schedules published newspapers cities coast tide schedules published small booklets ships captains fishermen information important notice high tides twelve hours twenty minutes high tide monday high tide high tide tuesday twenty hours tide occurs fifty minutes later
ramona quimby growing changing thing sitter house school anymore wonderful aunt bea helpful problems questions friend getting married moving alasksa aunt bea marrying willa jean howie kemp uncle hobart ramona sure uncle biggest change ramona comes bit later ramona remember quimbys ramona mom dad sister beezus soon quimby family gotten habit calling expected addition algie algie turns surprise wedding party entered small room church reception room kemps uncle hobart howie father waiting ramona surprised pretty friend willa jean looked wreath roses resting fair curls howie leaned wall short pants knee socks grumpy expression ramona thought actually looked handsome began sing softly comes bride fair fat wide comes groom skinny broom howie shut ordered ramona ferocity summon whisper bride heard bride hear laughed knew expect boys howie age mrs kemp handed grandson small lace pillow wedding ring fastened place basting stitches fall predicted won grandmother sure
poor woodcutter wife longed child hope child walking forest heard noise sounded baby crying listened carefully walking quickly direction cries suddenly clearing lying mat soft green ferns tiny baby girl ordinary child woodcutter declared saw small bigger finger woodcutter wife forward child known finger soon finger began forest cut wood morning set ax hand finger tucked safely folds cloth father tied head looking place eat lunch watermelon patch overjoyed find ate fill ripe fruit lay nap soon parents asleep finger crawled father turban stood forehead look smooth big green watermelons looked fun climb top slide look lovely vines swinging low reach finger slid side father head started
peacock beautifuly plumed harsh piercing shriek ago times able sing melodiously birds nearest rivals lark nightingale marveled exquisite trilling clear high notes peacock sound beautiful wanted look beautiful peacock thought unfair endowed glorious voice forced wear coat dull dingy feathers matters worse feathers tattered frayed amount preening smooth shiny days unusual gods ruled sky earth visit fine chaac god birds fields appearance clearing forest news arrival reached birds flew haste greet chaac loved dearly hubbub excitement died bird comfortable roost waited polite respect chaac speak chaac announced audience choose leader relieve king eagle duties performed wisely eagle bowed low appreciation toppled lofty perch tallest pine tree close regaining balance eagle thanked chaac compliment asked hold election tomorrow morning sun touches mango grove gather cast votes rest festivities honor king
sailed harbors birds clipper ships american ports salem massachusetts merchant fleets english ports liverpool voyage china sailing ship southern tip south america pacific ocean captains crews saw home strangers families ships lost sea wrecked storms return ship homecoming drew children watch horizon daily sails sea worn stained view father ship yes run home tell mother captain home joyful welcome quieted hand gifts places ivory chess pieces fans dolls fireworks children tea silks fine china mother sea captains homes full exotic gifts china story fuel children imaginations distant land sea wonder china craze developed wanted beautiful things fine vases statues dishes chinese porcelain especially prized chinese potteries began making dishes vases especially export rare expensive buy fill demand english american potters began copy patterns east wares designs instant success especially england potteries formed large important industry
tom ye finished boy potter voice note impatience questioned son glazing room mark father young tom turner carefully dipped slender brush bowl blue glaze bent plate lay upside table words caughley england lettered steady hand quick sure strokes tom added date centering precisely dozen getting carefully hurried office father stood wooden crate delivered open carefully tom thomas turner watched son carefully pried nails top crate let captain gently unwrapped delicate dishes crate contained setting desk tom drew shaky breath wonderful colors beautiful designs father laughed ruefully makes look crude chinese teach learn prosper demand lovely things sea captains bring china especially porcelains losing wealthiest customers wares held bowl turning light plan tom study carefully want study ask young apprentice factory fresh eye talent design wares appealing don craze chinese things ruin business
doris gates born carmel california mother read aloud sister evening upstairs bed mother chose books picker read king arthur knights song hiawatha robin hood princess goblin black beauty writing doris began writing child stopped trouble sit library profession stongly appealed career support tried write director children department fresno county library california library funds cut reduce number days week worked days writing boost needed started writing seriously sarah idea blue willow books doris gates wrote blue willow won newbery honor book award commonwealth club california literature award lewis carroll shelf award friends children literature award story grew experiences children librarian san joaquin valley saw hundreds children migratory workers storyteller migrant worker camps children dreams soon learned thing invariably wanted permament home janey larkin blue willow owned blue willow plate greatest longing home willow plate proper place
outstanding books reflect author direct reflections mirror light reflected prism shoots directions authors places events reshape create unified story parts book sarah plain tall reflections patricia maclachlan accepting newbery award sarah plain tall patricia maclachan mother told early real sarah coast maine prairie wife mother mother remembered fondly began writing sarah plain tall wished things granted unexpected wished write mother story spaces prairie silences say words wanted wrap land tightly hand small piece mother past package books children grow change borrowing bits pieces lives help contrast prairie western plains eastern sea coast vivid patricia maclachlan born wyoming lives massachusetts husband children john jamie emily relatives live west mississippi patricia maclachlan says separation fact fiction easy connections characters books complex books arthur character named aunt elda tells aunt mag family aunt elda small
mama sing asked caleb single sat close fire chin head dusk dogs lay warm hearthstones single told week twentieth month hundredth past papa sing yes papa sang don close caleb heat pushed chair hollow scraping sound hearthstones dogs stirred lottie small black wagged tail lifted head nick slept turned bread dough marble slab kitchen table papa sing anymore caleb softly log broke part crackled fireplace looked look born didn clothes told looked held bread dough round pale ball hair caleb seriously talk named caleb filling familiar story named troublesome making caleb smile mama handed yellow blanket waited finish story sighed mama beautiful anna caleb finished caleb thought story didn tell thought homely plain terrible holler horrid smell worst mama died morning
papa drove dirt road fetch sarah papa wife maybe maybe mother caleb slipped hand mine stood porch watching road afraid nice asked maggie sarah nice told maine asked sea sarah bring sea asked bring sea sheep ran field cows moved slowly pond turtles asked caleb softly watched march hawk wheel barn looked course answered question nice added making smile waited watched rocked porch caleb rolled marble wood floor marble blue saw dust wagon rising road heads jack bess caleb climbed porch roof shaded eyes bonnet cried yellow bonnet dogs porch ears eyes cloud dust bringing sarah wagon passed fenced field cows sheep looked rounded windmill barn windbreak russiam olive mama planted ago nick began bark lottie wagon clattered yard stopped steps hush papa dogs quiet sarah stepped wagon cloth bag hand
found playground lost home mother saw asked found found dog playground told friend mother liked couldn lost tag wanted help mother help find home dog asked dog home picture mother let picture post office post office put picture mother helped put ad newspaper ad found small brown dog lost likes lick lot call father home petted asked found found dog playground told dog father told liked couldn dog father food sleep bed didn want woman house woman ad newspaper picture post office margie margie dog felt sad told re going margie needs home asked woman looked mother mother looked yes mother margie hugged
forest ranger school showed pictures forest forest animals forest ranger told true story bear named smokey ago bear playing forest playing animal friends bear stopped playing smelled looked mother smelled mother bear smelled smoke fire pushed bear run ran mother saw animals running smoke bear couldn mother smoke fire bear afraid bear ran ran ground hot bear burned paw climbed tree waited hoped fire bear stayed tree fire stopped looked burned forest didn green trees didn animals say walking forest forest ranger forest ranger helped bear tree ranger saw bear burned paw helped ranger called bear smokey soon smokey home zoo sign put smokey home sign told smokey fire zoo smokey read sign wanted wanted help prevent forest fires forest ranger told smokey friends smokey friends help prevent forest fires
nina ran tim house monster nina tim big yellow house don want monster tim don afraid watch monster don nina tim let rick nina tim ran rick monster big yellow helping monster likes dig follow rick nina follow let linda rick likes watch monsters nina tim rick ran linda linda follow monster nina house big yellow tim dig things rick push things nina push asked linda push nina don afraid watch nina tim rick linda ran nina house monster nina don linda monster big yellow helping monster tim big yellow helping monster rick look bulldozer big yellow bulldozer dig bulldozer push push things push big rocks bulldozer pushing pushing big rocks making place road making place school bulldozer digging hole digging big hole
pam called jan bike jan bike blue pam mine jan show school mine pam pam jan school looked bikes bike mine pam bikes glad jan pam girls school pam asked jan bike bikes look jan want bike home pam want bike home let think jan house side school side put bike pam house side school side put bike jan blue bike mine pam blue bike mine jan pam house dad bike tag pam help put bike thank dad need tag pam pam called jan dad bike jan dad bike show school show pam school girls looked tags bikes tag jan tags pam glad bikes jan
abraham lincoln sixteenth president united states accustomed hard struggle survival young nation excerpts carl sandburg biography abraham lincoln prairie concern abe teenage boy indiana sandburg unique picture pioneer america understanding farm boy renowned american sandburg dialect language pioneer farmers provide sense realism flavor times grew reached seventeen age measured feet nearly inches high bottoms moccasins top skull abe handling ax spring plowing fall fodder pulling handling ax nearly insides hands took callus thick leather cleared openings timber cut logs puncheons split fire wood built pig pens learned measure eye half circle swing ax nick deepest chip tree trunk trick swaying body easily hips throw heaviest weight blow ax learned winter mornings wiped frost ax handle sniffed sparkles air lungs beat steady cleaving blows big tree till fell sat main log ate noon dinner corn bread fried salt pork joked gray squirrels frisked peeped high forks nearby walnut trees
mohandas gandhi born porbandar india october attending school london gandhi lawyer south africa returned india led nonviolent resistance british rule title mahatma soul indian margaret burke white known pioneer field photojournalism remarkable courage unfailing spirit concern humanity led exciting odysseys gave opportunity interview mahatma gandhi describes experiences autobiography portrait took appreciate greatness gandhi act drama stood bravely religious fanaticism prejudice began glimpse true greatness extraordinarily complex person contradictions nature forget visit poona thought mahatma symbol simplicity bit surprised find secretaries permission photograph gandhi discovered allowed mahatma learned spin don spin asked gandhi secretary didn spin mahatma photograph mahatma spinning possibly understand symbolism gandhi spinning wheel comprehend meaning wheel charka master principles spinning inquired sharply familiar workings spinning wheel workings camera
hannah eliashov spent early polish shtetl harsh rule russian czar soldiers hannah mother died father remarried hannah decided wanted america live sister rachel husband moishe sea journey aboard astra friends eric traveling family sara going meet husband york ship docked ellis island york harbor immigrants waited examined allowed enter country arching high hall hannah lines anxious faced travelers held fast network metal railings tiny cages railings officials sat shuffling piles papers doctors questioned immigrants careful answer question answered officials warsaw hannah admonished eric says careful change think dishonest remember remember papa sara stammered turn answer questions paled trembled words lips hannah opened mouth speak scuffle line fainted wonder crowd heat woman cried plaintively children began wail tried push forward help fallen pushed crying breathing space jostled neighbors sure lose places line official facing sara pushed cap perspiring forehead muttered angrily
professor william waterman sherman wanted sail cares worries everday didn want sail boat wanted travel hot air balloon planned trip carefully designed balloon named globe large carry small basket house complete porch bought special dishes glasses silver wouldn break balloon descended heavy thump planned carefully wanted fly marvelous balloon fine morning set san francisco sail leisurely comfortably pacific ocean taking lain balloon mattress floor basket house held tightly handles attached floor bolster shock quick ascension jolt large soon globe reached cruising altitude minute flying basket house calm easy move ground swallowed times clear ears felt stuffed balloon climbing fast mattress straightened books fallen shelves walked porch look san francisco clear sunny afternoon say city beneath looked beautiful noticed looking evidently actual sight giant balloon basket house considerably exciting pictured newspaper stories
gary couldn wait tenth grade start strut sentences parade paragraphs renew reputation top creative writer school opening assembly felt edge psyched boxer round bell leaned forward dr proctor principal introduced staff members wasn interest vice principal ms jones gary discipline problems stay school head cocked alertly dr proctor introduced honors english teacher smith person impress studied smith hard describe looked manufactured fit average height brownish hair pale white skin medium build middle age sort person began forget minute met clothes style merely covered body smith gary studying smith intently didn hear dr proctor call stage receive award term jim baggs jabbed elbow ribs let dude dr procto shook gary hand gave county medal composition dr proctor giving jim baggs county trophy round athlete gary glanced shoulder smith looked impressed couldn find teacher gary wondered smith ordinary invisible talking home dani belzer prettiest poet school asked gary think wordsmith
niccolo mazetti lay stomach rug chin buried palm hand listened bard disconsoltely suspicion tears eyes luxury eleven allow bard middle deep wood lived poor woodcutter motherless daughters beautiful older daughter hair black feather raven wing younger daughter hair bright golden sunlight autumn afternoon times girls waiting father home wood older girl sit mirror sing sang niccolo hear call sounded room hey nickie niccolo face clearing moment rushed window shouted hey paul paul loeb waved excited hand thinner niccolo tall face full repressed tension showed clearly rapid blinking eyelids hey nickie let idea half wait till hear looked check possibility eavesdroppers front yard empty repeated whisper wait till hear open door bard continued smoothly oblivious sudden loss attention part niccolo paul entered bard saying lion find lost egg bird flies ebony mountain ten
detector corner mahler office gleamed soft red weary gesture hand sad eyed jumper sat slouched glumly desk looking cramped uncomfortable bulky space suit compelled wear mahler tapping desk found re constantly bombarded moon find dome full thousand took bureau ago average hundred goes dropping set free jumper traveler packed moon immediately mahler peered thick shielding trying sort hidden inside space suit mahler wondered condemned easily moon small stature wispy locks white hair pasted high forehead perspiration evidently scientist respected happy father jumpers family possessed bit scientific knowledge invaluable twenty eighth century matter rest moon live remaining days grueling primitive conditions dome don think cruel asked malice intent harm whatsoever
leghorn merchant daughters assunta carolina bellinda rich brought girls lap luxury beautiful youngest bewitchingly lovely bellinda beautiful kind modest wise bit sisters haughty stubborn spiteful full envy boot girls older richest merchants town proposed assunta carolina scornfully dismissed marry merchant bellinda courteous reply suitors marry young speak matter older saying goes full surprises father lost ship entire cargo ruined possessions thing left cottage country choice move daughters till soil farmer imagine faces older girls hearing father re move country re staying town gentlemen consequence proposed let seek gentlemen hearing young ladies left cent suitors stole saying serves teach lesson high horse equal delight assunta carolina misfortune sympathy poor bellinda turned nose
widower daughters grew place dead mother household look father cooked cleaned house sewed important gave affection cherished father equally cherished flower caused daughters leave home single flower father young women youngest sixteen middle sister eighteen eldest turned twenty leave country home month months merchant city seaport attend business returned excursions horseback spaniards mexico bringing horses give daughters present asked asked wanted bring suggest dress comb length lace wanted bangle necklace merchant set trips inquired daughters bring city eldest asked dress red dear choose brightest beautiful shade red find
told story don believe likely facts exaggerated point unbelievable instance tell horse edgar hit neighborhood terror bases patently ridiculous horse hit baseball running bases imagine baseman waiting tag horse coming horse play outfield maybe mickey mantle play position lot boone mccloud instance played left field smokey bellows anvils story lot won believe facts manager smokey bellows anvils wasn eighteen moved country father health country moved nearby thought chester arthur president united states hollows generations residents climbed ridge side father bought farm moved brother joe younger civilization playing baseball moon father kids start baseball team
yosaku marched neat rows radishes cabbages beans proud warrior inspecting soldiers garden grew especially farmer matched words slap slap feet wooden geta occasion yosaku planted sandals firmly swung hoe samurai sword shouted head weed topple row cabbage yosaku stopped wiped face sleeve kimono low sky sun hot shadow cabbage stalks stretched spiderweb center sat handsome spider body dark polished teak striped gray shone silver sunlight greetings yosaku politely honor visiting garden stepped disturb guest heel struck soft cabbage thick bean ssssssss huge ugly snake slipped sandal aaaah exclaimed yosaku waving hoe snake tongue darted mouth bright cold eye fixed spider spider froze tied ropes head yosaku shouted snake brought hoe handle caught ripped full sleeve kimono yosaku missed snake slithered spider ran web disappeared cabbages yosaku looked torn sleeve kimono mending yosaku poor
stormed showered drizzled dripped stormed achomawi moons raining moon sun hidden clouds rain rinsed snowcap mount shasta streams swelled banks smallest trickles spilled waterfalls achomawi hunting seed gathering water dripped smokeholes houses put cooking fires achomawi women chief tribe put feather headdress shook deer toe rattle rain dance clouds coyote earth longer chief chief found coyote cave coyote miserable fur wet fleas jumped ears stay dry ask send sun coyote cleared throat threw head oooooh coyote howled loudly rocks rolled mountainside pinecones shook loose trees making thunder hear coyote sat scratched thought ways catch attention climb top mount shasta coyote finally chief meet achomawi trudged mountain trail coyote ran woods found spider woman swinging high cedar tree help bring sun asked coyote softest sweetest voice
jethro creighton young enlist army civil war began jethro saw brothers tom john cousin eb local schoolteacher shadrach yale leave join union army brother bill left fight confederacy father illness jethro realized job family illnois farm sister jenny provided parents brother wife nancy children jethro progress war reading newspapers read depressed union general mistakes moves stories battlefront horrible starvation disease drove soldiers desert huge numbers start war jethro finds caught battle deserters droves point prospect campground south rose hill swarming soldiers forays chicken coops pigpens smokehouses winter meat hung spring summer vegetable gardens cornfields fruit orchards robbed dared approach camp agents cities upstate appeared hurry visit known deserters carried arms desperate neighbor recognized face sufficient reason getting bullet eyes meant chances informer stories hundred point prospect put number nearer hundred early months theft food crime community march killing took place
re shieldin look smokehouse barn granary think hidin say point prospect campground talk plenty deserters federal registrars looked uncomfortable yes heard muttered jenny nodded easier house upset sick scare womenfolk neighborhood thinks healthy point prospect sounded brave thought want duty questoning bowed mockingly jenny duty miss find ebenezer carron place maybe turned jethro lantern young light jethro took lantern hung wall kitchen started path barn soldiers searched place started wagon spoke sternly jethro ebenezer carron turns sir listen word officer federal registrars chicago telling expects fail report family necks trouble understand jethro nodded briefly deeply antagonized knew simply carrying job assigned
jenny vex feelin upset stummick firin passel questions stood looking thoughtfully shook head expect goin didn touch meal tonight seized opportunity food eb detection fix bread meat slip room later jenny likely feel goin hungry jethro lay awake room night wrestled problem wondered wouldn ask father advice decided immediately firmly rejected idea afternoon ed turner staunch levelheaded neighbor ed sons army wouldn lay responsibility ed shoulders thought eb words ner kin help ol abe ol abe lincoln president lincoln jethro turned restlessly bed put lincoln abide word highest land wasn word known wasn word highest land turn deserters terrible trouble family lincoln looked problems sides lincoln faraway general mcclellan senator sumner secretary seward
sherlock holmes organized methodical minds personal habits untidy met neatest limit holmes cigars coal scuttle tobacco toe end persian slipper unanswered letters attached jackknife center wooden mantelpiece rooms full chemicals souvenirs past criminal cases turning butter dish odd place truly bothered holmes papers hated destroy documents especially connected past cases managed straighten month month papers pile eventually corner room stacked look person tried burn store winter night sat fire holmes finished pasting clippings scrapbook usual room scattered paper suggested spend hours making room bit tidy deny needed straightening enthusiasm holmes bedroom pulling large tin box middle floor squatted stool front threw lid full bundles paper bundle tied red tape
woods filled shadows june evening clock bright sunset glimmered faintly trunks trees girl driving home cow plodding provoking creature behavior valued companion going western light striking deep dark woods feet familiar path matter eyes night summer cow found waiting pasture edge contrary greatest pleasure hide high huckleberry bushes wore loud bell discovery stood perfectly ring sylvia hunt found call answering moo childish patience spent creature milk plenty case owners sylvia pleasant weather consolation look cow pranks intelligent attempt play hide seek sylvia playmates lent amusement deal zest chase sylvia laughed cow swampside urged cow affectionately homeward twig birch leaves
billie wind modern thirteen seminole indian girl doubts legends ancestors trouble believing animal gods talk difficulty believing serpent lives florida everglades live underground charlie wind tribal medicine billie wind uncle brings message punished doubter punishment billie wind suggests pa hay everglades test legends journey billie wind killed raging fire spreads swampy grassland turning area inferno escapes diving sinkhole sunken hole ground connects underground passage cave bottom sinkhole begins surprising discoveries billie wind awoke noon lay quietly staring limestone wall looking wall shiver remembered entombed fire serpent felt legs alive added think moved fingers toes yes turning cautiously side peered cave roaring fire night heard sat sun fell pale patches log pool air smoky sunlit
mama eyes lit understand homework asked yes ten arithmetic problems re hard play doll tonight ready morning sure girl doll naturally mama replied heard boy doll didn bother explain morning sat table breakfast doll place maybe started clothespin known look mama covered clothespin cloth stuffing hair dark brown yarn embroidered eyes nose mouth face dressed doll full red skirt tiny black felt boots bright yellow high blouse covered yarn hair yellow kerchief embroidered red flowers gorgeous mama managed murmur mama smiled satisfied mama added slowly look pilgrim woman picture reading book mama looks photograph girl mama smile turned laugh course purpose mama pilgrim shaynkeit mama asked pilgrim side find freedom molly pilgrim
pictures show sequence molly eat breakfast cereal milk bowl spoon pour cereal bowl add milk ready begin eating called order recognizing order important reading writers tell events order happened helps reader understand told writers clue words signal order words noon today later tomorrow dates clues dates written numerals dates written words fourth july april tuesday read paragraph notice dated clue words help follow order knows exactly started wearing shoes cold regions wore foot coverings feet warm early wore sandals egypt rome thousands ago china wore shoes wooden soles later shoes worn fashion protection today choose shoes wear fashion author clues help understand history shoes dates written numerals words later today help understand order addition words thousands ago help understand sequence
young boy marco polo walked harbor venice italy ships faraway lands liked watch sailors colorful clothes unloading cargo silk damascus ivory africa liked smell spices east marco father niccolo uncle maffeo traveled lands buy spices marco born niccolo maffeo polo traveled asia court kublai khan ruler china lived kublai khan palace niccolo maffeo returned home told marco adventures stories marco want travel niccolo maffeo decided return china marco begged join wanted unusual places father uncle marco seventeen polos sailed venice mediterranean sea traveled overland china road wished travel blocked fighting armies times pass dangerous cities polos crossed gobi desert mongolia carry food water thirty days western china polos climbed pamir mountains marco saw large sheep curlin horns feet marco traveler tell sheep named ovis poli honor marco
miss moody lived land end captain kidd captain kidd wasn famous pirate cat morning storm miss moody found washed beach nearly drowned took care repaid kindness keeping cottage free mice captain kidd hated storms miss moody loved cottage found beach storm handsome banjo clock fireplace thing wrong clock wouldn hands pointed twenty minutes clock late september afternoon sky grew dark strong wind started blow miss moody knew coming shut windows lit cheery fire fireplace captain kidd wouldn bed lightening flashed thunder crashed rain dashed windows miss moody worried bit sturdy house built sea captain ride storm smiled wondered surprises beach morning quick breakfast morning miss moody wheelbarrow captain kidd ready treasure hunt thing found pretty tin box needed postcard collection saw red sand rug corner missing look lovely bedroom torn end tucked chest stowed rug wheelbarrow pile driftwood beautiful colors burning fireplace
elisabeth mother packed treasure tin box elisabeth treasure hunter elisabeth father going bury treasure beach give elisabeth clues help find elisabeth father beach met profesor eckleberry grandson charles asked professor bury treasure give clues charles decided wanted help elisabeth father find treasure let look clue papa means find rocks rock papa walked elisabeth called big rocks edge water charles rock farther shore elisabeth charles ran edge water rocks stood mountains small pool water full snails elisabeth re walking pretty fast papa pool re walking pretty fast look snails slow moving legs charles found hermit crab papa leaning pool shell belonged snail shell borrows snail house clue cried charles papa whipped paper pocket read rocks rock anyway masqueraders dwell hermit crab cried elisabeth borrowed snail shell hey look piece paper pool partly hidden shell
night seashore bright moon rose ocean tide water moved low level leaving living nonliving things seaweed lay high tide left empty shells clams snails scattered sand wet rocks poked small islands sand driftwood lay beach whoosh wave crashed shore foaming water rushed beach carrying hermit crab wave dropped crab sand hermit crab stretched legs claws quickly dug legs sand wave washed wave left crab ran beach reach wave knew tide rising hermit crab want return ocean looking bigger shell moon snail shell hermit crab lived small hermit crabs changed shells grew search shore shell size suddenly night heron walked beach crab move hermit crab meal hungry heron heron saw crab began moving crab ran safety pile seaweed silently heron moved closer poked seaweed looking hermit crab hermit crab stayed hidden seaweed heron finally flew clear crab able continue looking home
blueness short blue trees blue bees blue wheels evening meals blue wizard pedal blue bicycle look wide blue say perfect blueness perfect blue sad children played games sulked blue backyards mothers fathers sat home stared gloomily blue pictures walls blue living rooms blueness depressing neighbors wizard unhappier laughs anymore smiled days wizard slouched stairs dark blue cellar began mix stir bit soon saw bottom pot happier stuff wizard asked neighbors saw wizard painting fence calling yellow wizard begged neighbors replied wizard yellowness short yellow flyspeck blue seen pigs yellow wizard gallop yellow horse explore wide yellow say fine
author leaves important information story order decide happened think topic need think information author read paragraph blueness pots full soon overflowed blue yellow red began mix terrible mess wizard saw happening exclaimed answer danced joyfully cellar think happened paragraph information paragraph decide blue yellow red colors mixed information colors decide primary colors mixed formed colors drawing conclusions information story colors read paragraph decide happened harry george ron homework night heard thunder nearby saw streak lightning sky suddenly lights house boys ran window noticed street lights shining lights burning windows houses neighborhood conclusion draw happened paragraph decide electricity area storm drawing conclusions read storms read remember information topic draw conclusions discover happened
sun rose aflame quickly dried dew baked town hot humdrum ty mother washing clothes father busy unloading feed chickens sister kitchen ty fun ty thought tall cool grass pond decided pond big trees sank roots deep lifted branches sky grass grew tall hide boy big ty lay quiet listening step th thump ty pressed ear ground heard step th thump step th thump step th thump step th thump step th thump step th thump closer ty saw leg leg wooden peg walked water edge set bundle took tin cup tin plate spoon food ate washed dishes pond tossed cup plate spoon air caught juggler ty thought beat rhythm spoon cup tink ki tink ki ki tink ki tink plate tank ka tank ka ka tank ka tank cup plate tink ki tink ki tank drummer ty ty walked closer ty felt heart beat thump thump ty asked suddenly andro band service band asked ty show home washboard wooden spoons tin pail comb
picked wing sidewalk maple tree let spinning wind blown dandelion head watched white puffs float parachutes burrs picked sock piece clothing helped seed find place grow wing parachute burr parts plants carry seeds inside seed things needed grow plant spring autumn air water filled tiny travelers dry maple tree wings grow small flowers flowers maple tree spring flower grows double wings seed wing wings ready fall break spinning tree wings chance caught wind carried lands soil seed inside sprout tree dandelions ride wind yellow flower petals die hundreds tiny seeds left white head dandelion seed silky hairs float parachutes silky hairs finally touch started leave seeds yard field spring dandelions found growing grown wind travelers float water light dandelion parachute maple wing carried wind later dropped stream
evening alice sat grandfather knee listened stories faraway places finished alice say grow faraway places grow live sea alice grandfather thing asked alice beautiful grandfather alice meantime alice washed face ate breakfast school home homework pretty soon grown aunt alice set things told grandfather going left home live city sea salt air worked library dusting books keeping getting mixed helping find wanted books told faraway places called miss rumphius conservatory middle park stepped inside wintry warm air wrapped sweet smell flowers filled nose tropical island miss pumphius miss rumphius real tropical island monkeys pets walked beaches picking beautiful shells aunt miss alice rumphius climbed tall mountains snow melted jungles deserts finally island getting camel hurt
sally lived england aunts uncles family aunt nannie aunt deborah aunt esther uncle joseph uncle eben sally uncle joseph received letter cousin maine uncle joseph ready move family wanted maine settlers wanted move sister nannie aunt nannie wanted stay massachusetts nice house farm aunt nannie told family leave fire sleep bed uncle joseph thought change aunt nannie mind story begins sally aunts returning visit city quincy drove home quickly dorcas mare stopped door light sign uncles hired hand jehoshaphat mountain sally started mare barn stopped voices coming road heard voices screech heavy runners snow aunts paused doorstep sally jumped sleigh watch darkness pine trees appeared strangest thing seen peacock uncle joseph big horse uncle joseph strong oxen led red pair farm walked jehoshaphat mountain uncle eben poles house runners house windows small panes sparkled late light house doorstep water barrel drip roof chimney pipe smoke rising
allen drew side road horses corral austine jumped car ran horses daddy let horseback riding ellen wished austine girls horses want ride asked allen ellen thought act brave didn feel think brown corner pen thought brown horse looked gentle pinto austine dear thought ellen wrong thing wish read horse books horses ready worked stables held hand palm ellen step put foot hand boosted horse ground ellen forgotten wide horse shortened stirrups helped austine pinto ellen patted horse neck anxious look cried austine horse ellen knew expected lead giddap horse move gave horse light slap rump walked corral dirt road going austine mother father foot ellen carefully held rein hand looked ground hoped horse wouldn decide run going call horse paint song austine knew cowboy songs
couple cars stopped bridge looked ellen laughed austine ellen called half hour nearly maybe ride owns horses austine yelled austine don leave begged ellen maybe don think water shoulders current strong called austine anyway re supposed bring horses leave brownie austine ellen knew couldn leave brownie lose pay heard losing horse wasn sure stay forever called mother daddy catch minute austine called worrying ellen didn want allens think austine told ridden hikers climbed bank edge water need help called yes answered ellen thankfully jumping boulder boulder close reach brownie bridle throw reins called ellen threw hard grabbed current carried fellow pulling reins slowly brownie began find boulders bank thank ellen trouble let horse afraid
mary rose sister jo beth indianapolis fort wayne father middle city snowstorm car ran gas father walked nearby gas station help mary rose jo beth waited car jo beth decided needed find rest room sisters walked quickly nearby library looked big house meant stay minutes saw large display room look standing display librarian prepared close library checked rooms girls locked doors turned main lights turned blue night lights upstairs lights suddenly girls shocked couldn speak jo beth gave small gasp mary rose realized forgotten librarian home bet locked mary rose nodded head daddy jo beth shivered don spooky blue lights weird mary rose agreed jo beth display crept front door mary rose front door pulled tugged knob doors locked re locked jo beth snapped angry kicked door heard locking door inside key jo beth turned stood door blue lights worse room big
mom looked read letter uncle joe social worker uncle joe mom younger brother syndrome syndrome mentally retarded need help taking care uncle joe born mother died family give care needed hospital school uncle joe happy school closing letter lived find homes uncle joe live family social worker says looking apartment uncle joe hard find mom explained dad think joe stay find apartment fast older sister beth shouted retarded person living forever won forever beth finds place grief beth embarrasing burst tears ran room let dad mom tried call beth needs think things think things suppose uncle joe nuisance suppose hung suppose messed baseball cards dan helping uncle joe family dad reading thoughts mother appreciate help beth amy give help uncle joe amy
schedule plan things list telling times things happen schedule help plan need follow schedule school art math lunch times juan uncle esteban keeps schedule plan needs meet juan wanted office thursday uncle esteban checked schedule juan meet thursday juan meet uncle thursday uncle write juan schedule trains planes buses follow schedules want plan trip train plane bus goes leaves place arrives find information schedule looking schedule train plane bus leave arrive plan train station airport bus stop plenty juan bus schedule help uncle office thursday afternoon bus schedule shown page bus schedule juan look top tells schedule monday friday tells times afternoon times column schedule lists stops bus makes columns list bus arrives stop juan schedule plan bus
germany leader adolf hitler hatred jewish beginning change country solden family jewish sensed soon germans danger anna youngest solden children faced personal challenges school home school anna failing tried read letters jiggled page home anna father mother argued papa promised darling anna grow thoughts free promise feared soon leave germany mama think leave papa announced family learn speak english anna mother slow learn language winter lovely spring anna took granted storm blown eventually papa forget english lessons morning early june letter canada anna uncle canada uncle karl lawyer overnight anna happy unhappy familiar turned upside anna going late school mama called letter canada ernst looks important table letter lay papa place opened read hands clenched half crumpling page mama cried hurrying papa wait moment anna saw swallow brother karl dead heart attack left owned
remember beach talked earlier remember hot sand hot rocks materials heat energy sun hold materials absorb heat sand rocks solid materials metals water absorbs sun heat color important dark dull colors absorb heat light colored shiny surfaces reflect heat bounce wear dark clothes stay warm winter light colored clothes stay cool summer longer takes heat longer thing holds heat materials heat fast cool fast beach evening sunset sand rocks heated fast cool water heated slowly warm takes sun heat water big lake ocean end summer large body water caught stored heat sun water stores heat land large body water stays warmer winter land water stored heat water helps warm land slowly winter heat water moves cold air heat moves warmer place thing cooler heat moves understnad things hot lose heat remember hot sand beach burned feet heat sand moving cooler feet understand heat moves things things things easy solar house works
tom barton leaned forward tapped shoulder luck sits class crazy thing saw garage kim asked loud voice didn answer turn looks big laser gun blasting sky ha ha ha hee haw tom laugh reminded donkey bray kids sitting nearby snickered tom hopped chair weird wagners going fend invadors space zap zap zap pretending shooting gun air laser hotly solar mirror want gathers sun energy focuses place cooking sumer able cookout fuel tom sneered shook head climbed seat wagners hopeless energy nuts put crazy looking wind thing backyard trying electricity put weird glass covered boxes call solar water heater dumb thing hamburger hot dog laser going hungry sheep mow lawn won gasoline ha ha ha hee haw blushed exactly space able nice warm energy saving sweaters wool tom started say teacher huffler room looked room stopped buzzing shut
workers skilled jobs help put cars move packages warehouse team runs supermarket japan learning cut wool sheep australia walk ocean floor stood red sands planet mars human workers robots twenty thousand job worldwide number growing robots night robots sick tired jobs boring dangerous difficult course machines think robot brain computer plan step action want robot write set instructions called program robot computer computer follows instructions makes robot body move television camera act eyes send pictures robot computer brain robots today factories car factories japan united states countries robots set robots paint car robots assembled car kind robot sort machine parts quickly pulls parts soon robots stores big seiyu market yokohama japan robot cart rolls market aisles signs show foods sale butcher robot slices meat orders buyers give pressing buttons robot weighs meat wraps shoots slot robots night store closed bring carts food warehouse store put food market shelves robots kind robot works bottom sea guided person nearby ship
alfred slote known author encouraged oldest son librarian write children books sports fiction science fiction young happens handle alfred slote career interesting turns attending university michigan served navy war ii war returned university finish studies later school france wrote book returned united states english teacher massachusetts college alfred slote strong feelings reading believes reading important thing child eyes ears hear says firsthand knowledge cope live believes books firsthand knowledge help points view read says chance understand human relationships alfred slote likes visit schools talk students read books says children toes think group fourth grade students boy asked write robot buddy slote began slowly answer think wrote paused think slote pausing boy tried help wrote cover alfred slote answered question
mother beautiful woman red hair piercing blue gaze hawk afraid gave courage draw love books read baby reading favorite story suddenly words page spoken words pictures head fell blinding flash read story red riding hood part red riding hood mother sewed red cape hood put days basket goodies grandmother house grandmother lived rhode island hundred miles didn matter basket carefuly walk backyard going grandmother house dog tippy wolf father worked plumbing heating supplies salesman loved music singing walking quietly woods fly fishing play musical instrument played concertina concertina accordion beautiful inlaid pearl wood designs played harmonica brace neck told stories tiny girl afraid stars took walks night told magical stories stars gods created universe braces teeth
read story sidenotes help discover major character author helps character traits major character thing jennie gray mind big horse show coming weekend win classes chance high point trophy mountain laurel horse competition laurel gleaming color fine training caught judges eyes jennie laurel team hello beautiful laurel jennie called ran barn stall laurel stood piebald pony hi jingle jennie gave quick glance jingle jennie horse kind gentle pony practically taught jennie ride jennie grown big spent laurel jingle spent pasture big grass belly coat thick dull splotched mud mane tail grown bushy wild jennie began groom laurel saddled rode ring later jennie laurel walked happily barn untacked laurel heard scuffling noises jingle stall pony thought jennie rubbing feed tub noises continued stop jingle jingle didn stop jennie put laurel looked angrily jingle jingle stall rolling kicking nipping sides obviously pain jennie knew colic intense pain horse belly
itzhak perlman travels play violin matter country want hear play itzhak perlman apears concert seat hall filled surprise knows perlman story lined hear plays halls echo loud cheers violinist cheers part reason cheers love itzhak perlman perlman plays makes think playing react close friend brings joy listeners itzhak perlman appeared united states thirteen prodigy television ed sullivan show millions watched night fell love israeli boy crutches played beautifully stopped loving love itzhak perlman greatest musicians plays wonderfully play short crowd pleasing pieces difficult hard say itzhak perlman extraordinary appeal perlman says violinists play violinist lovable short rounded build thick curly hair looks teddy bear favorite tv talk shows appeared tv advertisements think perlman popular violinist appears tv real reason
write private thoughts book read written record school projects hobbies writing diary journal diaries journals accounts writers exeriences diaries intended red writer thoughts recorded personal journals private personal diaries journals focus progress hobby project place record observed gather materials project collect ideas writing journals intended read history millions written diaries journals england late comes diary samuel pepys peeps diary fire nearly destroyed london george washington president important met philadelphia decide kind government meetings comes daily notes james madison later fourth president united states diary helps understand important part history lost diary anne frank written young jewish girl forced hide holland diary look thoughts young girl growing war torn europe letters kind personal writing correspondence series letters conversation letters diaries journals added deal famous times lived abigail adams wife president united states mother sixth president wrote letters letters saved help presidents happened lives
happen win asked lazy bee win answered enemy spend night agree yes replied lazy bee snake began laugh thought bee possibly snake slid cave rapid speed bee realize happened snake carrying capsule seeds nearby eucalyptus tree snake knew young boys play spin top tiny capsules astonishing trick red snake watch carefully wrapped tail seed pod unwound speed top started spinning humming snake laughed knew lazy bee spun top snake knew lazy bee trick performed lazy bee fine trick guess dinner hissed snake wait minute cried lazy bee asked red snake disappear possibly cried snake jumping surprise mean disappear leaving cave leaving cave disappear hiding earth hiding earth bee responded let remember don disappear dinner snake
remember information map compass rose tells direction shows north south east west map scale helps figure place legend symbols show interesting important places map map city street names help find places look section street map page avenues run east west streets run north south find map wanted friends meet corner tell location say meet corner ocian avenue main street corners tell compass rose northeast corner tell friends meet northeast corner ocean avenue main street looking map tell find street map corner corner tell street avenue names compass rose tell directions map compass rose scale legend legend find road map shows highway main road route number cities towns marked small circle larger cities shown shaded areas read road map learn roads want place find daytona beach east coast
heard dirt road store country town rocky canyon texas hills town lots space caves find honey trees giant rocks climb creek panther tracks follow swing wild grapevines father town happened born lucky liked hear town perfect course called town ranches farms canyon called canyon father tell special thing cooks lived father walking road hunting arrowheads maybe coming home school call give sweet potato pie gingerbread stand big wood stove smile eating kind town blackberries grew wild father says stores don taste thing pick tasted blackberry crawl tangle blackberry thicket eat wanted finally walk home swinging bucket pies hands face hard bare feet stained beautiful color plants liked grow town famous red chiles melons sweet corn
merle shy squirrel lived big city park oak tree tree noisy traffic tall gray buildings scared park frightened tired scared merle morning fun going try brave trip park morning merle heard talking places things seen seen lot things big trees west shoot tall tallest building standing feel mighty small small city feeling quietness understand mean merle sat oak trying picture tree tall building believe trip west don dare run roads safe squirrel travel telephone wires sad bye oak tree merle took flying leap nearest telephone wire making sure west started high wire walking merle steady noise traffic gave shakes remember scared
field fly kite bright sunny sat beach watched kite flight grown ups told stories times flew kites began flying kites thousand ago chinese invent kites kites beautiful shaped fish look dragons chinese flew kites fun times kites help tied fishing line end kite fish bit bait kite moved kite fish pulled chinese farmers put kites fields scare birds tried eat crops kites main parts frame cover flying line frame wood plastic sticks cover paper plastic silk nylon materials light thin nylon string wrapped stick flying line tail stop kite spinning windy tails cloth paper feathers larger kite bigger tail needs hundreds kinds kites kites fit main types type kite flat kite crossed sticks covered material tail
mean gina asked grandpa pointing poster poster seen week bicycle balloon chase bike shop told big hot air balloon park saturday wind knows follow bikes balloon lands bikers close touch win free ride breakfast gina grandpa pedaled town rode uphill main street rode hill maple street gina counted posters grandpa counted shortcuts wind knows balloon shortest saturday gina grandpa sunrise breakfast gina packed apples peanuts grandpa pumped air bicycle tires grandpa put cap believe re ready let chase balloon park gina saw bicycles big front wheels tiny wheels saw bicycles seats pedals saw wheel called unicycle didn balloon gina saw woman parrot basket pickup truck balloon asked gina look truck grandpa told woman aeronaut basket gondola balloon bag thought big balloon gina grandpa wait gina waited aeronaut halpers unloaded truck
eleanor elephant circus star forty huge elephant put act left crowd calling encore encore shouted eleanor night eleanor suddenly lost balance tumbled hit floor huge kerthunk lay thought elephant broken bone wasn hurt circus boss decided eleanor longer fit stay show eleanor live city zoo eleanor put pen plenty hay water elephant house neat red barn shaded big tree lucky eleanor happy perform tricks earn stopped eleanor pen stare eleanor felt silly standing fancy circus robe felt overgrown wrinkled ugly big bloop thing look eleanor grumbled don want seen eleanor stayed sight lonely elephant loved cheering crowds bright lights lots excitement eleanor lonely change things girl zoo sketch animals set easel woke eleanor afternoon nap eleanor wondered drew pictures pen fence peeked girl shoulder girl drawing rhinoceros lived pen
sunny morning river water slapped softly boat moving water rowing boat fisherman catch fish artist paint landscape boat floating studio working place found spot river began set easel watched waited light looked began paint covered white canvas colors trees water sky looked painting later wanted seen early summer morning river boat lived ago france artist loved outdoors loved water claude monet known greatest landscape painters lived calude monet born france spent early town river ran sea claude loved sea child claude sketching liked claude sketches working hard claude sketch pictures sell fifteen claude famous artist home town sold sketches shop hung window shop showed artist named boudin artists met shop boudin claude young sketches try painting happy give lessons
students miss maynard class studying art decided groups group find information report class children realized plan wanted learn art miss maynard showed idea burst organize ideas began study art topic miss maynard wrote art chalkboard asked children wanted learn half children wanted study painting half wanted learn sculpture miss maynard wrote painting side word art sculpture side miss maynard asked children wanted learn painting sculpture children suggested study materials painting sculpture read idea burst find materials children wanted study eleanor group study painting read paragraph found art book form art painting artists oil paints texture paint canvas artists prefer watercolors watercolors spread easily paper artists fond poster paints bright colors topic paragraph topic paragraph art paragraph tell tells painting main idea paragraph sentence main idea sentence paragraph main idea sentences tell kinds paint finish reading want organize ideas idea burst
desert place rainfall ground sandy rocky sun beats sand rocks grow hot dry hard imagine place full living things living things need food shelter kind protection survive plants animals homes desert found things cactus plant home desert cactus special getting water dry desert soil spreads roots close top ground rain comes cactus roots soak water cactus plant water saves water dry days ahead cactus stores water rainstorm desert tortoise home desert water needs plants eats drinks water rains tortoise drinks water stores extra water shell live months drink kangaroo rat animal home dry desert water inside dry seeds eats drink water cactus tortoise kangaroo rat live desert water water thing plants animals need survive desert need protection kangaroo rat protect snake fox tries catch kangaroo rat jumps high air kangaroo
michael turner sisters gina diane dog named polly parents hear talk heard mom dad born deaf parents heard sounds babies think deaf learn talk true mother father school deaf children growing learned talk learned placing fingers teacher throat feeling words felt voice box learned words looked watching face especially lips spoke hard learn say words parents learn talk don talk talk heard talking voices don voices sound easy tell saying gina diane understand communicate parents talk hands mouths communicate hands learn special alphabet spell words fingers called finger spelling communicate hands sign language learning sign learning language learn signs learned understood sign stands word stand word mother father understand saying reading lips thing parents learned school lipreading reading lips hard don move lips talk hide mouths hands words look alike say look mirror say pin bin hill ill mean move bodies faces look talk help parents read lips talk hands grandmother says words hands parents interesting things help house telephone doorbell rings lights flash special machine attached phone types message paper parents type messages course calling kind machine attached telephones means times talk telephone parents deaf hearing ear dog help dog polly trained hearing ear dog things hearing ear dog polly parents tugging cover flashing light alarm wake doorbell rings polly run let mom dad door happy family months ago company father worked moved town hundred miles
mother father understand saying reading lips thing parents learned school lipreading reading lips hard don move lips talk hide mouths hands words look alike say look mirror say pin bin hill ill mean move bodies faces look talk help parents read lips talk hands grandmother says words hands parents interesting things help house telephone doorbell rings lights flash special machine attached phone types message paper parents type messages course calling kind machine attached telephones means times talk telephone parents deaf hearing ear dog help dog polly trained hearing ear dog things hearing ear dog polly parents tugging cover flashing light alarm wake doorbell rings polly run let mom dad door happy family months ago company father worked moved town hundred miles
tomie depaola house winding country road past lake maple trees tomie lives farmhouse called whitebird tucked small england village barn depaola studio wall studio hangs pink banner paper cutouts character children minnesota gave banner children shaped tomie heart depaola hearts pictures tomie depaola started children books drawing illustrations says artist fairly easy decide stories draws illustrations authors books writes illustrates books says writing stories presents set problems find writing difficult try set ideas pictures written story story line strong let pictures illustrate story add depaola books tell things happened mixes facts fiction turns ideas stories makes characters friends family characters books nana upstairs nana downstairs foot grandparents says idea knight dragon poster american library association remembers poster hanging studio wall months suddenly idea book hit
bobby named friend grandfather bob bobby baby grandfather told bobby say grandpa going call bob bob word bobby bob helped bobby learn walk hold hands bobby grandfather foot bobby older things bob play wooden blocks blocks letters sides numbers sides pictures animals sides bob bobby slowly slowly put blocks top building tall tower tower fall half blocks piled tower finished bob say block elephant block bobby say carefully put elephant block top bob sneeze tower fall bobby laugh laugh elephants sneeze bob bobby say bob sit bobby knee tell stories bob tell story taught walk bobby say grandfather tell bobby held bobby hands foot knew bobby eighth birthday grandfather sick bobby home school grandfather wasn bob hospital dad told bobby called stroke want bobby honey mom told
morning wife sarah town sam johnson found awning front porch torn night sam sat mend tear took cloth sarah scrap bag mend hole hard evening passed sam began fun picking scraps cloth morning leaned look night beautiful wait sarah sees awning mighty proud mrs johnson returned later afternoon sam waiting porch nice dear giving awning quick look don think beautiful sarah sam asked mrs johnson answer sam fun decided join quilting club sam dear mrs johnson chuckled nice enjoyed join quilting club don silly night sarah sam rode weekly meeting rosedale women quilting club walked door women turned stared sam cleared throat evening decided join club seconds small chuckle heard soon room laughing sam don silly club president important quilt coming county fair contest don join checkers club want sam walked room hung poster county asking meet barn
mother father bow greet hattori loud roar hattori started jeep hurried sumi taro oda house ojii chan ojii chan sumi shouted streaked house happy birthday omedeto put warmest coat hat birthday surprise surprise ojii chan asked thin voice hurry ojii chan sumi begged oda put black cape beaver hat sumi wait oda saw bright red fire engine jeep gate mouth fell open blinked eyes couldn believe saw hattori bowed deeply rang bells taro squeezed horn shouted happy birthday ojji chan re taking ride sumi tugging ojii chan sleeve birthday present special happening won forget ninety ninth birthday ojji chan shook head smiled wonderful sight front pleased didn circle rice fields sugi village times village school hattori carefully helped oda jeep shouted let roared road noisy red bull fire department kasa village siren scream bells ring rumbled past snow covered field village stood front houses noise
inside sumi saw mayor fine happening wife set table covered red white cloth table plates heaped food news oda birthday spread quickly villagers bringing tins crackers fruit find homes sumi mother father carrying gifts big party sumi happily thing happened taro added oda happy sniffled big white handkerchief mayor stood told oda happy thay able celebrate ninety ninth birthday told sumi happening idea party agreed nicest happening pat sumi head told pleased fine idea ojji chan told finer birthday home oda thanked returned happily fire engine jeep ride home blow horn fire department oda called blow siren going ring bells reached rope strung bells rang hard
kate tranter coming home school january dusk youngest family past churchyard past shops fronts tall narrow terrace houses goes stop house lit window home steps front door feel key string pocket unlock stand inside door door closed stand hall ahead stairs ahead left passage kitchen wider part door round red friendly eye seen reflector bicycle left hall granny room kate tranter took slow breath ready start floor stairs cross dark beam grandmother room gap grandmother door stood ajar weekday grandmother eyes turned door sat room window eyes looked crack door watch cross line vision passage kitchen upstairs seen noted true granny sit eyes closed dozed door stood ajar granny watcher bed walking door shut
snow sunday afternoon morning sky grayish white thick air cold wintry weather mrs randall venture wanted morning service clearly determined hand clutching daughter arm walking stick mrs tranter left instructions preparation sunday dinner lenny charge put vegetables start joint oven regulate oven settings enjoyed ran need working books kate lay table ten minutes kate morning downstairs warm living room upstairs bedroom syrup chose living room preferred bedroom put jerseys winter dressing gown sat window christmas jigsaw puzzles lifted head look intently window wanted snowflake fall jigsaw difficult took began suspect pieces missing found piece certainly missing missing crammed awkwardly place piece misplaced empty place hole picture misplaced piece fitted hole
saucer fast tray turned round began going moment looking ran vicky standing arms entwined smiled waved round slider faster faster think leaned shot safely past ruined snowball bottom hill oooooh whooped terror bottom going fast shot slider suddenly top anna top black tray top anna black tray tobogganing anna anna getting snow managed gasping laughing gasps fell arms hugged joy anna picked plastic saucer kate picked black tray staggered hill black tray plenty room tight clasp faster hill kate dreamed bottom flew tray landed deep snow struggled gasped laughed blamed snow collected tray took hill ran asked borrow granny tray kate vicky vicky tray toboggan truly
checked school map door commons straight courtyard facing building home ec rooms put map pee chee wouldn look freshman started weaving past crowd coke machines yelled hey fatty wasn walkin hey elsie turned jack lounging benches hey red walked didn recognize grew foot summer lucky didn shrink shrink boy jack craddoc jack told craddoc looked eyebrow raised shrinking met jack grade explained jack nodded bubble gut fox easy bell rang stepped bit relax jack expects find class late nervous craddoc noticed headed home ec think pointed double doors west side commons locator card pulled card purse handed walked doors courtyard home ec english concert choir geometry craddoc read geometry took algebra eighth grade math easy guess steered corridors kids called craddoc going tried dredge talk
jack craddoc stood middle living room didn chair stand say hello sitting seen craddoc opening school prime looking think brown hair brown eyes broad shoulders slim hips smiled feebly couldn think say sit guys jenny cokes jack sat davenport craddoc sat bedside kenny floor took rat kenny neck let crawl legs minute stroking rat body turned hear chair choir knocked leah chair huh leah asked hard jenny handed coke looked rat pregnant pregnant thought jenny going drop cokes rescue jenny handed jack sitting davenport rat pregnant jenny repeated craddoc holding rat bulging sides kenny took rat craddoc matter babies cat jack told stay kenny jenny craddoc rose floor sit arm chair call cat asked jenny slow learning potty garden mother bed
shrugged waited minute slipped shower jenny mom dad leave house remember mrs sawyer stooped jenny chair kiss bye boys house won jenny assured comes dark yard thought invited elsie company sawyer asked let friends yard polite re nuns mrs sawyer picked purse guess don forget kenny part gang tonight darn jenny going lock room rats hey kenny objected kidding jenny told soon parents door jenny hopped chair let cake case boys pizza mom left won jenny spreading frosting cake chopping nuts topping knock front door kenny jenny told kenny tossed spoon licking sink took heard door open jack voice kenny voice house mom yard dark jenny hurriedly swirled frosting sides cake hope don tell shove put knife ran fingers brown hair look
remembered sun flashed flashed bayonets british soldiers marched past cabin red jackets raising dust road bayonets flashed flashed turned morning sun scared awful knowing march fort griswold try run bayonets lot maybe pa caught ma scared pa hush honey pa saying ma didn unhappy saying wouldn worry stood side side front wooden cabin september sun warm skin smelling dust raised marching dry noses feet clap clap clap ground drums rolled bayonets flashed soldier give quick look stood marched staring straight ahead dusty sunlight wish pa ma bound determined fight water fishing chasing fort griswold stuck bayonets fight knew mighty brave seen island sound jolly boat storming fierce stand pa afraid
brought horse cabin climbed wasn going sort wanted anyway wanted mighty scared rode road turned look ma standing doorway hands face bent waved face covered couldn road ways running carrying stuff arms slung backs taking boxes bags chairs pictures fields woods hide british crazy granny hyde leading piglet string fort griswold ahead steep slope road plenty popping coming big boom cannon mile fort pa turned horse woods circle fort woods rose higher london thames smoke drifting flames black smoke boiling dock british going burn town knew plenty towns danbury western part connecticut haven fairfield norwalk island sound wondered burn groton began circle fort
musket half drawn stopped stared face moment looking surprised pa started sobbing dead grabbed shoulder spun took hold collar shirt sort shoved platform ground jumped grabbed collar began shoving terrible place door bodies blood thick places ground slippery soldiers lying ground writhing british rammed bayonets killed dozen times wanted close eyes couldn fort running battlefield woods fast sobbing tears flew face ran soldiers hillside british regulars white leggins jersey bare legs seen pushing cannons rocky slope couple cannon wasn left kill ducked woods hear shouts fort muskets banging slowed lot knew killed american militia didn shoot anymore smell wood molasses burning london river wondered going burn groton
cooks didn care going fry eggs kitchen gleam moon sweat moaned told miss seeing general land harbor wasn sit kitchen gleaming things arm fell gleaming arm course skidded washington knew soon sight skidded going greenwich street broad spot wasn tavern left dogs realized happening told fraunces found skidded fit couldn help general washington wasn reason seeing likely able land help dinged curiosity couldn stand happen called nosey sunny beginning warm late april york nice dinged person city streets crowd couldn anyway started wriggle going sideways fish didn scrawny black girl wriggling pushing shoving front giving looks
big strong hands smelling tar face elbows clenched sides pin arms tight legs free began kicking hard trying shins kick caught hold heel cursed hands mouth tight hurt opened mouth snapped closed felt teeth flesh cursed snatched hand eyes give terrible clout alongside head dizzy covered eyes couple seconds eyes uncovered saw dan standing alley led tavern dan screamed hand clapped mouth jammed cloth mouth minute flung bag head waist whipped rope bag pulled tight arms couldn move trussed pig ready market felt lifted thing knew flung shoulder trotting street cloth mouth making choke gag bag itched face hard breathe began shoving rag tongue bit mouth breathe easier
dan stayed tavern evening parties night fireworks putting pictures washington front houses lighting candles windows city shining light dan captain ivers going seeing didn rush junius brutus dan figured coming york pretty frequent country president going business prosperity captain ivers saying york bound grow need think hogs beef shingles staves don captain ivers didn care sold money dan buy cows farmers connecticut molasses stacia west indies tobacco virginia bring york sell profit dan liked hear tell night supper served kitchen cleaned dining room eating nuts fruit drinking considerable quantity wine madeira rum punch dan sat pump eating cake left cooks chopped aunties talked dan daddy bringing tavern sure surprised
tell joseph balicki happened prison camp zakyna prison camp nazis mountains south poland wooden huts clung edge bleak hillside night wind beat pine trees thin gave shelter months snow lay thick ground smothered huts gave coating white fur twelve foot double fence wire surrounded clearing stormy weather blew bare huts cracks walls comfort zakyna camp crowded prisoners poles czechs hungarians russians hut held big forty passed loafing playing chess sewing reading fighting newspapers cigarette stumps quarrelling shouting mealtimes huddled round trestle tables eat cabbage potato soup meal blow satisfied drinking warm water bread crumbs nazi guards called coffee week dab butter teaspoonful jam saturdays keeping cold strength spirit escape prisoners reached plains caught died exposure mountains joseph determined escape winter ill dispirited try
took joseph half weeks walk warsaw lived city knew return street recognized undamaged building place bleak silent craters moon proud homes found crumbling walls streets tracks rubble mountains bricks windows charred glassless public buildings burnt shells wilderness managed living joseph saw wandering pale hungry eyed vanish paths ruins homes cellars dug caves rubble tried look gay bomb gash cellar wall draped bright curtains hole window box full purple crocuses tree escaped blast damage sprouted spring leaves lively place railway nazis clear cost joseph seen railway lines gleam lines polished steel night busy trains poured eastwards carriages troops trucks ammunition carried war russia westwards brought wounded germany rich plunder ukraine joseph spent days finding street live school schoolhouse home disappeared house opposite sign marked polish welfare inquiries help house luck
home cellar end city tunnelled street looked rabbit burrow mound rubble part wall rising side hole lower part wall let light air rain asked polish council protection mother told germany land say part germany times ask found war end soon told patient mother war dragged patience sorely tried quickly home comfortable edek climb monkey scaled storeys bombed building fetch mattress curtains mattress gave ruth bronia curtains sheets wet days hole wall rain floorboards beds chairs table bricks rubble built wall divide cellar rooms live sleep stole blankets nazi supply dump lived rest winter spring food easy find ruth bronia green polish ration cards allowed draw small rations nazis allowed edek found casual money buy food
chairman ohio chieftain emotion choking voice ohio delegation voted switch support president united states senator michael kevin thunder rolled galleries convention floor platform hall shook cameras quavered shouts boos screams mixed boiling cauldron noise camera caught georgia delegates black white flailing jerked fellow delegates gavel boomed bell tolling alarm riot chair recognizes gentleman minnesota shouted texas chairman open microphone texas sign bobbed recognition yes vince bryan spoke aloud wondered wake parents minnesota switched break avalanche delegation delegation rose support senator fitzhugh north carolina utah vermont wyoming deadlock broken fitzhugh won won decisively move unanimous roared voice florida shouted hoarse holdouts illinois texas voice vote unanimous chairman intoned banged gavel set truly spontaneous demonstration snake dancing convention aisles clocks hurried past morning convention vince bryan staring tv set california pacific coast couldn stop watching looking history straight eyeball suddenly candidate candidate appeared platform surrounded friends enemies smiling shaking hands waving photographers vince bryan leaned forward listen senator speaking
vince bryan bought lunch marilyn drive hamburger stand began sketch quick excited plans candidacy found cruising main street spent afternoon hairdresser vince tired cruising main ford knew main knew newspaper route billboard caught eye fitzhugh president father main smaller sign fitzhugh headquarters sign brightened vacant store plastered solid campaign posters child seeing carnival vince gawked images candidate fitzhugh headquarters tugged forward parking place study posters senator fitzhugh congressman forrester candidates party smiled winningly vince remembered senator words clock morning need trooper felt leg muscles twitch sudden twinge urged step inside irish blood stirring supposed stay bars politics vince father fond saying bottle ballot break heart someday ruin irishman vince father rarely hid pride ancestry irishmen sons kings family saying vince heard thousand times asked sons kings living unfashionable side town getting clock morning deliver newspapers story kings rich irish kings anyway grinned warning bell memory opened door fitzhugh headquarters strode inside owned place
vince read maps liz mrs kucera bronstein put charge small team carmen bronstein led teams teams adjoining precincts try converge corner darkness caught close case lost vince introduced marilyn mrs kucera liz sense distaste meeting odd couple freaks marilyn soon street thought job fun fun part voters meet vince remember told ask don inside houses don stop talk haven watch vicious dogs skip houses bronstein says thanks bunch start house side street door case mean house demanded thought going think going crummy neighborhood forget won liz working street mrs kucera nailing voter front yard door working insisted don looks worked vince silently cursed speed sun sinking fifteen minutes liz lady houses ahead voters suspicious persons coming door
chief feature landscape air looking sojourn african highlands struck feeling lived air sky rarely pale blue violet profusion mighty weightless changing clouds towering sailing blue vigour short distance painted ranges hills woods fresh deep blue middle air alive land flame burning scintillated waved shone running water mirrored doubled objects created fata morgana high air breathed easily drawing vital assurance lightness heart highlands woke morning thought mountain ngong stretches ridge north south crowned noble peaks immovable darker blue waves sky rises thousand feet sea east thousand feet surrounding country west drop deeper precipitous hills fall vertically rift valley wind highlands blows steadily north north east wind coasts africa arabia monsoon east wind king solomon favourite horse felt resistance air earth throws forward space wind runs straight ngong hills slopes hills ideal place setting glider lifted upwards currents mountain top
weeks africa felt affection natives strong feeling embraced ages sexes discovery dark races magnificent enlargement person inborn sympathy animals grown milieu animals contact animals late person instinctive taste woods forest entered forest age twenty ear music happened hear music grown cases similar mine met natives set routine daily orchestra father officer danish french army young lieutenant duppel wrote home duppel officer column hard splendid love war passion love soldiers love young womenfolk madness love exclude girls love women include love soldiers comprehends regiment enlarged thing natives easy natives quick hearing evanescent frightened withdraw wild animals abrupt movement simply
moving thing demon nominally kitchen mine course cooperations felt kitchen cooperating pass kamante hands understood perfection wished carried wishes told clear worked strange thing art understand real meaning felt contempt kamante idea dish taste spite conversion connection civilization heart arrant kikuyu rooted traditions tribe faith living worthy human times taste food cooked distrustful face witch takes sip cauldron stuck maizecobs fathers intelligence failed offered kikuyu delicacy roasted sweet potato lump sheep fat civilized dog lived place bone floor present heart feel look trouble give food lunacy
hunters naturalists colony took interest bushbucks game warden drove farm correspondent wrote east african standard lulu round house happiest africa reason look acquaintance forest antelopes boon token friendship africa country omens covenants song haste beloved thou roe young hart mountain spices africa saw lulu family think things changed south farm land farmers forest cleared houses built tractors heaving glades settlers keen sportsmen rifles sang landscape believe game withdrew west woods masai reserve antelope lives lulu died ago quiet hours daybreak dreamed heard lulu clear bell sleep heart run full joy woken expecting strange sweet happen moment lain thought lulu wondered woods dreamed bell
africans rites somali mentality kikuyu deep contempt sit identical manner weigh murder rape fraud stock home somaliland dearly beloved camels horses names pedigree written hearts news nairobi farah brother ten place called buramur stone thrown boy tribe knocking teeth matter representatives tribes met farm sit floor farah house talk night night lean mekka wore green turban arrogant young somalis attending matters gunbearers european travellers hunters dark eyed round faced boys shyly representing family say word devoutly listening learning farah told matter considered grave boy looks ruined find difficult married pretentions birth beauty bride end penance fixed fifty camels means half waregilt full waregilt hundred camels fifty camels bought somaliland ten laid price somali maiden turn eyes missing teeth bridegroom foundation tragedy laid farah considered lightly
jogona father child wamai killed hand poor wife owned goats likely simple person knew jogona accident sitting kyama terrible murder place farm indians leasing mill higher river grinding mealie kikuyu killed night goods stolen murderers found murder scared indian traders storekeepers district blown storm arm pooran singh mill shotgun stay persuasion thought nights murder heard footsteps round house week night watchman jogona gentle murderers friendly pleasant talk manners gay child broad face wore inspired keen expression looked laughed pleased kyama koran studying days says thou shalt bend justice law benefit poor member assembly aware purpose flaying kaninu kaninu
greatest social functions farm ngomas big native dances occasions entertained fifteen hundred thousand guests entertainment offered house modest give bald mothers dancing morani nditos maidens snuff children dances children brought sugar distributed kamante wooden spoons asked permission squatters tembu deadly drink fabricated sugar cane real performers indefatigable young dancers brought glory luxury festivity immune foreign influence concentrated sweetness fire thing demand space level ground dance found house big lawn plain trees square forest boys huts laid level reason farm highly thought young country invitations balls valued ngomas held night ngomas needed room brought onlookers dancers took place lawn ngomas dancers stand large circle number smaller circles jumping head thrown stamping ground rhythm throwing forward foot slowly solemnly walking round sideways faces centre ring prominent dancers separating ring perform jump run middle
young women high idea mohammedan virgin marry beneath thing call gravest blame family marry beneath young somalis known masai wives somali girl marry arabia arab girl marry somaliland arabs superior race account relationship prophet arabs maiden belonging prophet family marry husband virtue sex young females race claim upward social career innocently compared principle stud farm purebreds somali think highly mares acquainted girls asked true heard nations europe gave maidens husbands told possibly realize idea tribe depraved pay bridegroom marry bride fie shame parents girls gave treatment respect respect woman virginity misfortune born tribe girls told vowed grave unmarried days europe opportunity study technique maidenly prudery books failed catch charm understood grandfather grandfather forced knees
charcoal burning end financial success happen kilns caught fire profit smoke knudsen concerned failure speculated hard declared burn charcoal fair supply snow hand knudsen helped pond farm farm road place ran wide cup grassy ground spring thought plan building dam turning place lake short water africa gain cattle able drink field save journey river idea dam occupied farm night discussed end finished majestic achievement hundred feet knudsen took interest taught pooran singh fabricate dam scoop trouble dam built hold water dry period big rains began gave number places half washed knudsen struck scheme strengthening earthwork driving farm oxen squatters stock dam pond drink goat sheep contribute stamp structure
dear god fourteen girl maybe give sign letting happening spring lucious heard fussing pulling arm say soon fonso finally leave week pulling arm say naw gonna half dead children visit sister doctor macon left kine word say say gonna mammy wouldn put thing gainst hip sort wiggle grab hold titties push thing inside pussy hurt cry start choke saying shut git don git feels sick cook mama fuss look happy sick dear god mama dead die screaming cussing scream cuss big move fast git water warm git tray ready food cold git children ready school dinner don say set bed holding hand cryin talking bout don leave don
dear god town sitting wagon dry store seen baby girl knowed look daddy ourself tagging hind lady dress alike pass wagon speak lady speak pleasant girl look sort frown fretting eyes today seen seen pondering think mine heart say mine don mine mine olivia embroder olivia seat daidies embrody lot stars flowers took daidies took bout month bout clam wagon follow olivia mammy store watch run hand side counter interested ma buying cloth say don touch olivia yawn real pretty say help mama drape piece cloth close face smile gonna girl dresses say daddy proud daddy blurt say daddy say look ast bidniss reverend say turn face clerk say girl want cloth customers sides
dear god night saturday night sunday monday shug avery town week end stagger throw bed tired sad weak cry sleep rest night wake field chopping cotton hours don say million question ast wear shug picture hair kind lipstick wig stout skinny sound tired sick children singing place miss em questions running mind feel snakes pray strength bite insides jaws pick hoe start chop chop bout chops don chop drop hoe furrow turn heel walk house git cool drink water git pipe sit porch stare follow think sick say git field don wait dear god harpo fighting daddy daddy git sit porch look look trees front house look butterfly light rail drink water wine evening move harpo complain bout plowing daddy say gonna
dear god sofia quilt frame porch shug avery donate yellow dress scrap piece chance nice pattern call sister choice quilt turn perfect maybe give perfect maybe want yellow pieces look stars shug walk road mailbox house quiet cept flies swing drunk eating enjoying heat buzz drowsy sofia look mind sure bend frame sew rear chair look cross yard finally rest needle say eat miss celie tell stay alive say course folks eat food taste em gluttons love feel mouth reasons think ast case undernourish say muse undernourish say ast harpo say harpo eating maybe tape worm frown naw say don think tape worm tape worm hungry harpo eat hungry force hard believe hear things everyday understand folk say night supper ate pan biscuits naw say
say coming hear swain wonder queen honeybee don lot humming singing glad don ask shug say place compared think maybe grace song harpo swain give em shug announcements trunk crossed lucky star coalman road put harpo plantation stuck em trees tween turn road town saturday night folks couldn shug shug baby thought dead dozen say hello shug find shug say big grin git shug avery git watch git hear didn want wives don places say yeah celie going say shug press hair spose git sick singing say spose dress undone wearing skintight red dress look straps pieces thread mutter putting clothes wife wife wife mines shug avery finally say thing damn wife hush harpo sit table drink whiskey cold drink
ast harpo sofia say hear miss shug nice place harpo look eyes admire harpo say scandless woman children hanging jukejoint night sofia eye cool look quit stuffing gained bunch weight face head drinking home brew eating left barbecue size woman need fun say woman need home say say home think jukejoint harpo look prize fighter prizefighter push chair pick drink don fight sofia battle say job love want harpo breathe relief let dance say sofia laugh git put arms round neck slow drag floor harpo yellowish girlfriend sulk hanging bar nice girl friendly harpo say give nickname call squeak pretty soon squeak git nerve try cut harpo try turn sofia squeak tapping tapping shoulder finally sofia stop dancing bout feet table shug say uh point chin bout blow dis woman say squeak teenouncy voice say harpo squeak turn sofia say leave
dear god grady staggering round daybreak shug sound asleep arms round waist sleeping mama remember sleeping sleeping nettie sleeping nettie feel warm cushiony feel shug big tits sorta flop arm suds feel heaven feel sleeping wake sugar say shug roll hug git bed stagger room fall bed grady fall bed drunk snoring hit quilts try grady wear red suspenders bow ties spend shug money try talk north memphis tennessee north thing sure nuff stand call shug mama fucking mama shug say don pay mind making eyes squeak shug sorta tease say aw mama don mean harm shug squeak try help sing sit odessa front room children crowded round singing singing swain box harpo cook dinner prizefighter bring preshation nice shug say squeak mean mary agnes sing public mary agnes say naw
daddy love kiss hug didn looks met albert arms git say babies albert albert weak babies home midwife preacher bunch ladies church hurt don think talk bout repent laugh big fool repent say loved albert don want say peaceful calm albert shug shug say baby turned stay mama wild sister memphis mama say drink fight love mens death roadhouse cook feed fifty screw fifty shug talk talk dance say dance albert young moochie hour lay funny albert funny laughing funny ast laugh don dance say god celie say happen love quiet say surprise heard going marry annie julia say surprise hurt didn believe
dear celie samuel big dresses black white clerical collar black eyes think somber mean thoughtful gentle brown eyes says settles says top head dampen spirit hurt corrine lucky woman husband let tell ship ship called malaga stories high rooms called cabins beds celie lie bed middle ocean ocean celie water imagine place took weeks cross england country full white nice slavery missionary society churches england eager help white women looked home invited gatherings homes tea talk tea english picnic outdoors plenty sandwiches cookies course hot tea cups plates young missionary samuel willing anyway primary duties helping children teaching kindergarten class began clearer england english sending missionaries africa india china god knows hundred
childhood friend recalling family spoke gusto explosions fun kindliness generosity nature eager friendliness unabashedly demonstrative affections darling sweetest fathers wish kiss thirteen elliott wrote southern grandmother outbursts affection embarrassingly effusive called melts mother martha mittie roosevelt flirtatious southern belle dark hair glowed complexion young corinne moonlight vivacious hostess spirited daring horsewoman lively impression york society ante bellum savannah society early fifties civil war martha roosevelt gentlewomen birth breeding tact satisfied led acknowledged mrs burton harrison york smartest hostesses children adored elliott sweet china dresden mother bamie spoke glowingly darling mother exquisite beauty told stories corinne describing things inimitable stories black shadow slave birth completely helpless faced smallest everyday task habitually compulsively tardy household accounts mystery young children felt protective theodore sr insisted bamie fourteen reins household mittie savannah friends later younger theodore splendid dash energy southern mother children doubted father inherited zest love
pregnant unwell anna bed elliott proposed trip vesuvius begged took eleanor nurse albertina late getting anna worried close hysterics eleanor exciting exhausting trip later recalled endless journey slope took control stand tears father displeased fear father displeasure seared eleanor memory donkey sorrento afraid tone incredulous astonished looked horse child small donkey eyes kind sat shivering hung looking steep descent steely look eyes cold voice wish coward sliding hill grown ups nurse donkey boy escorted girl dusty highway sorrento italy autobiography eleanor recalled episode donkey donkey boy feet cut bleeding occasion returned boy donkey running explanation feet bled grasping externals anna thought elliott getting sorrento supposed stand temptation hoped things months beginning march able return home
surprisingly considered eleanor mild full duty gay frightful bore frivolous eleanor looked forward alice visits turned happy anticipated alice tease girls excitedly discussed facts eleanor embarrassed chattering alice room auntie bye eleanor alice gwen burden jessie sloane margaret dix helen cutting talk things eleanor indignantly protested told saying found bible lapsed injured silence meaning whore asked grandmother returned home adding bible word girls mrs hall severely later schoolfriends enlightened parents death eleanor saw oyster bay relatives grandmother hall wanted children influenced father family dear mother frightened gay strenuous led teddy roosevelt clan eleanor theodore wife press eleanor visit oyster bay aunt edith standoffish reserved family eleanor sagamore edith saw child future remarkable prescience poor soul plain wrote bamie mouth teeth future ugly duckling turn swan aunt edith attitude uncle ted affection huge vehement loved nieces alice called tribal affection eleanor favorite elliott daughter devoted uncle ellie
returned york march sara greet apartment hotel webster noted diary arranged flowers french lecture returned find children brought home lunch eleanor faced fulfillment dream intimate normal loved frightened grandmother house chance learn serene run household hotel apartment godsend franklin discover knew managing household mending despite anxieties surface busy cheerfulness left franklin free prepare examination arranged hall stay hotel groton franklin sara wedding lucius wilmerding helen cutting family visiting large delano clan oyster bay hudson river roosevelts helen teddy robinson returned honeymoon trip sara dinner rosy corinne douglas bammie eleanor things care forthcoming honeymoon purchases trunks packed letters credit arranged tickets picked organized competently quickly june sara wrote franklin luggage put board oceanic lots friends say goodbye rosy helen teddy dine overcome sense fortune added dear franklin eleanor
eleanor roosevelt freer giving birth child wrote article entitled ethics parents briskly confidently summed views point code observed pestalozzi educator bring children noted admirable statement eleanor roosevelt written youngest child delivered boarding school objective parenthood roosevelt children home impressionable stage eleanor ambivalent hand deferential child rearing views mother law nurses governesses selected sara disciplinarian reflecting austere upbringing children born franklin assistant secretary navy august franklin jr born elliott confinement recovery took place franklin involved political campaign unsuccessful bid democratic senatorial nomination york august month war broke eleanor events campobello leading quiet assured husband saw reason baby arrive date arranged dr ely country leading gynecologists delivery miss spring arrive august fortunate miss spring early franklin dashed visit sixteenth eleanor felt baby
franklin received buckingham palace bolster sara eleanor newspaper clippings event franklin surely making hit observed enclosed washington post think wish father proud franklin working hard tirelessly sara wanted hyde park eleanor told navy department workers thinking leaving groaned necessity rush canteen cut finger bone bread slicing machine applied bandage working saw doctor later carried scar remainder saw alice party alice amused guests turning somersaults expressed interest working canteen taking alice canteen doubt told afraid trains afternoon alice decided eleanor scrubbing ironing sara sister lived washington reported eleanor willing horse call hours washington sticky torrid july especially tin shacks worked eleanor light discomfort conclusion feel heat idle trains july hectic president daughter margaret eleanor shift
resolute fight eleanor friends progressive planks distinguished group claimants leadership women miss elizabeth marbury democratic national commiteewoman york passage suffrage amendment fought remarkable woman miss marbury gave trouble chief interest politics twenties opposition prohibition social salon famous mingling high figures politics fashion art eleanor colleagues terms simply bypassed side embattled females woman party masculine eleanor taste thought woman party opposition protective legislation women basis equal rights downright reactionary eleanor group defeated resolutions committee forces gathering give sought field social welfare legislation including abolition child labor franklin roosevelt returned political wars nominate alfred smith speech walter lippmann perfect temper manner eloquent effect lifted convention moment faction hatred national convention roosevelt returned exercises happy legitimate reason stand doomed national campaign eleanor deeply involved support re election smith governor campaign john davis national party evaded issue ratification child labor amendment determined convention appeared platform committee carrying mandate thirty women organizations urge child labor plank approved
sara month later undid european trip family dinner big house eleanor reviewing plans trip taking buick chevvy nan marion driving camping suddenly sara reared disapprovingly undignified wife governor sons motor touring car worse governor wife drive young franklin unaware gathering storm clouds chimed mom land ditch driven gatepost ending cheerfully illogically eleanor turned head table sara sat opposite franklin cold voice grandsons manner consistent think positions hurried dining room took refuge screened porch franklin intervened voice stern franklin jr heard told mother apologize return young franklin appalled find mother tears horrified hurt chained chair legs mother commented recalling incident franklin contradict sara incident cast shadow entire trip chevvy left
going white house pick outgoing president wife roosevelt household cabinet attended services st john episcopal church rector groton voted hoover roosevelt invitation lead congregation prayer thy son franklin chosen president advisers enlightened strengthened thy service direct rule according thy eleanor head bowed low stirring hymn faith resolve rang eternal father strong save limousines roosevelt eleanor moved white house joined hoovers crowds pennsylvania avenue cheered roosevelt waved doffed silk hat hoover face set stonily forward unresponsive crowds roosevelt effort conversation mrs hoover miss eleanor asked companion rode car care reply train reservations wishes anticipated attended eleanor silent vow permit dependent immense crowds capitol plaza cheered country waited inaugural stand cold wind blew eleanor velvet gown coat eleanor blue thirty minutes select dressed warmly impervious cold intent response listening throng husband words roosevelt buoyant voice carried message action later country recovered faith electric line thing fear fear addressed crisis spirit morale speech recalled
reporter coughed reader governor trifle sardonically idea kind books skeffington reply eyes closed characteristically elusive books reporter persistent books governor skeffington eyes opened silver head lifted reporters met deadpan look don thoughtfully bible book composed parts commonly called testaments poems plays shakespeare englishman winter months paper represent reporter warily thanks compliment governor suppose special reason skeffington nodded winter months glowing fire welcome found experience paper burns makes grand kindling don imagine aware paper small circulation substantially increased questions gentlemen typical interview save suggestion retirement skeffington opponents believed hand afford discount hint kind felt encouraging especially related signs heartening rumors skeffington ill health true optimists confidently whispered mysterious disease devouring brain bit bit occurred intervals reverted habits childhood expressed desire play marbles hide seek
pronouncements kind uttered effect maeve mother died shortly birth raised singular opinionated father loyal worse thought adam revered listened skeffington result thought elderly politician kind cartoon character bloated figure frock coat symbol treachery corruption met skeffington wedding meeting proved unsettling skeffington charmer chose sensing resentment adam nephew special effort successful maeve perilously close succumbing barely nick remembered father frank skeffington crime withdrawn close panic skeffington unaccustomed startled flights kind amused lesser degree adam maeve later reflected encounter decided held charm skeffington extra piece sinister equipment warned prepared beneath polite surface husband comment thought detected note doubt stubbornly daddy things elections regarded husband moment reproachfully don believe uncle frank defeated pretty doubtful article faith coming father scrupulously avoided irony final words
lacy looked watch twenty minutes fine business pushed chair looked steadily weinberg gorman think weinberg shrugged slightly think thought month months ago tough john gorman spoke skeffington entered office don frank don tough beat spoke softly voice holding accents galway nativity tall superlatively erect older skeffington country boy politics conspicuous talents assiduous application nearly fifty ward boss unchallenged authority withdrawn celibate soft spoken held public office rarely appeared public platform single dusty room waterfront building ruled ward firmly efficiently inflexible adherence rules party discipline found jobs homes recently arrived supplied funds distress arranged hospitalization payment medical bills gave son family start subsequent pushes ladder built playgrounds children populous district days aged helpless indigent depend increasingly government saw baffling complexity preliminary paper solved funds ultimately secured
palace situated superbly hill city cardinal seated study evening paper hand reading frowning temper tiring cardinal reminded wearily days begun impossibly early morning mass radio announcement informed skeffington run later courtesy visit young german bishop disaster young bishop native courtesy led stay lunch meal cardinal preference custom ate visitor talked solid grinding zest progress faith milwaukee cardinal interested lengthy ride country open officially convent order nuns recently invited diocese helpless overwhelming submissiveness gratitude conducted premises tour paralyzing detail usual routine matters diocesan adminstration clock press conference bumpy richly veined surface cardinal round face darkened recalled circumstances surrounding catastrophe incredible blunder usual seating arrangements press carried cardinal entered reception chamber seen horrified eyes sturdy humble workaday chairs suitable encounter elegant fragile semicircle ancient pieces brought italy twenty
silly bastard garvey yelled risen fury standing charlie screaming nearly sixty sittin chair dreamin dirty fairy tales clean livin young beat arse trouble lost buttons ago re loony don talk likes won elected garbageman night hell watch pressure charlie warningly big vein working pumping pumping don step dog paw dear lies front door luck campaign win grand simple boy dear final shout garvy charlie heard front door slam interview left disturbed fact forgotten garvey candidate suddenly remembered small experiment intended conduct earlier evening read closed eyes breathed evenly steadily fingers hand lightly inside surface left wrist taking pulse quickly inhaled deeply held breath instantly pulse decelerated delight noted fading fading pulse dying cent pink condition healthy
tonight settled head table preliminaries rose speak waited room absolutely quiet instant waiting mind reached crowded hovered momentarily selected high spots interview nephew conference gorman weinberg rage filled countenance prominent merchant lunch wrathfully examining newspaper news skeffington candidacy suddenly looked candidate bowing ironically direction satisfying thoughts concerned eddie mclaughlin eulogy routine chore accomplished conscious effort details sized head table quick glance ready silence toastmaster reverend fathers mrs mclaughlin fellow legionnaires friends eddie mclaughlin began words beginning pitched low deliberately ears audience strained maximum attention immediately secured aging voice retained richness flowed easy unhalting music negligible variations played tune literally thousand times left house evening tom lacy secretary tom looks busy evening ahead agreed governor separate speaking engagements important answered tom don care hundred want care matter important
adam waiting skeffington hand unpunctuality inviolable fifteen minutes late official car pulled genially hop taxpayer re entitled try comforts vehicle thoughtfully provided adam determined remove mystery outset talking afternoon completely forgot ask going skeffington took rare mark confidence find lapse memory illusion lost chuckled actually re going wake knocko wake wake surprised idea possibility habit spending free evenings visiting deceased strangers felt tonight wake occasion underestimating adam wakes don doubt exactly poor knocko unique adam prepared dispute car drove wasn knocko surely aram mother part french named uncle quebec gentleman money minihans cherished fond hope happy fall lap aram unfortunately tragic development
adam looked sharply extraordinary voiced substantially charge minutes suffer gorman rebuke merely amused simply ah moonshine charlie gas adam significantly charlie running uncle mayor yes yes fighting tooth nail charlie briskly interests decent government course saying reverse gas dear truth matter public record frank skeffington campaigning wakes fifty big wakes small difference died months election wouldn spent half century eye coffin skeffington maxim neglect relatives friends enemies deceased studied familiar methods operation dear gorman charlie charlie held warning finger bounced emphasis say dear freely give credit comes wake draws crowd keeps house crying busy carting sandwiches forget cry occupational therapy dear touch master psychologist skeffington maxim stampede give think top charitable heart gold
talked eyes uncle face scrutiny proved remarkably unfruitful heavy features registered polite unchanging interest impossible adam tell uncle indignant outraged totally unaffected sense worse simply amused disquieting completed explanation skeffington seldom heard john eloquent stands tribute qualities listener say put case couldn charlie approach hand considerably imagine effect adam stared proceeded duplicate charlie speech astonishing detail adam remembering original reproduction virtually word word finishing skeffington close close adam agreed bewildered question couldn heard extrasensory perception skeffington gravely today adam heard familiar deep chuckle course additional fact charlie principal addresses don change unwillingness artist tamper perfect production regular party piece wake piece prefer heard hundred times extremely entertaining addition casually truth adam looked sharply uncle preoccupied withdrawing cigar vest pocket fat dull greenish color grade cigar provided quantities wake
glad shut job salaried position excluding military loss seriously undermined modest solvency think constructive learn early fit office worker anytime fact considering coveted job place surprised relief alacrity accepted dismissal months later jobs scarce especially jobs publishing stroke luck landed employment largest publishers books junior editor euphemism manuscript reader employer called tune days dollar valuable tender seen stark terms salary forty dollars week withholding taxes meant anemic blue check desk friday hunchbacked woman managed payroll represented emolument nature ninety cents hour dismayed fact wages dispensed powerful wealthy publishers young resilient approached job beginning sense lofty purpose compensation bore intimations glamour lunch dinner john poised brilliant carnal minded lady writers melting editorial soon appeared
shortly returned table realized room spirited argument progress phenomenal speed dark stormy mood couldn hear words due acoustical quirk marathon venery completed hear action baroque detail speech stayed muffled indistinct impression shuffling angry feet chairs wrenched impatiently banged doors voices rising rage uttering words partly able comprehend male voice dominant husky furious baritone drowned limpid beethoven contrast voice female plaintive defensive growing shrill moments fright generally submissive undertone pleading suddenly glass china object ashtray tumbler knew crashed shattered wall hear heavy male feet stamping door flew open upstairs hallway door shut tremendous clatter heard footsteps tramping floor rooms finally room left twenty minutes delirious activity termed provisional silence amid depths hear soft heartsick adagio scratching phonograph woman broken sobs bed discriminating light eater sit breakfast habit late riser await joys brunch noise subsided saw past noon realized fornication fracas urgent vicarious incredibly hungry actually partaken place
comfortable chair room sat reading aristophanes night able section upstairs hallway partly open door midevening saw sophie room record albums nathan commanded return crying tears later played phonograph final movement symphony brahms big allowed album evening music filtered paper thin ceiling lordly tragic french horn mingling head flute antiphonal piercing birdcall fill spirit sadness nostalgia intense felt thought moment music creation music things spoke europe halcyon bathed soft umber glow serene children pigtails pinafores bobbing excursions glades wiener wald strong beer ladies grenoble parasols strolling glittering rims glaciers high alps balloon voyages gaiety waltzes wine johannes brahms beard black cigar contemplating titanic chords beneath leafless autumnal beech trees europe inconceivable sweetness europe sophie drowning sorrow known bed music playing
frank lawyer called days ago inform enormous astonishment chief beneficiary estate frank money saved investments high class wage earner say astride precarious monstrous leviathan known american business regret bring tidings imminent receipt fat check lighten worries labor literary vineyard frank owner absentee landlord small peanut farm southampton county place hobbs family civil war farm frank left stating wished earnest hope continue farm place realizing modest profit gained acres peanuts enjoying pleasant verdant countryside farm situated lovely stream swarming fish known appreciated place visited number times extraordinary touching gesture frank afraid thrown quandry power accede frank desire sell place don longer temperamentally suited farming boy acquainted heft shovel hoe absentee owner frank
older brother larry landau nathan able sophie superb set dentures nathan keen nonprofessional diagnosis accurately pegged nature sophie malady soon encounter brooklyn college library brother instrumental helping find cure problem larry meet later summer strained circumstances urological surgeon large prosperous practice forest hills mid thirties nathan brother possessed brilliant record field engaged teaching fellow college physicians surgeons columbia highly original valuable research kidney function won excited attention professional circles early age nathan mentioned intensely admiring tones obviously cherishing extravagant pride brother larry served war grand distinction senior lieutenant navy medical corps performed brave extraordinary feats surgical skill undergoing kamikaze attacks aboard doomed philippines exploit won navy cross citation achieved medical officer jew boot semitic navy resonant recent memories war glory nathan gently crow proud sophie told didn learn nathan hours rescued library deeply indelibly remembered days truly awesome tenderness
carnage begins beneath hoss narrow watchful impassive eye cold indifferent events wrung heart possessed human feelings look afraid natural emotions upper hand watch coldly mothers laughing crying children gas chambers occasion small children absorbed game refused let mother tear jews special detachment reluctant pick children imploring look eyes mother certainly knew happening forget gas chamber restive act looking nodded junior noncommissioned officer duty picked screaming struggling children arms carried gas chamber accompanied mother weeping heartrending fashion pity longed vanish scene show slightest trace emotion arendt writes problem overcome conscience animal pity normal affected presence physical suffering trick simple effective consisted turning instincts directing saying horrible things murderers able say horrible things watch pursuance duties heavily task weighed shoulders
fool nathan interruped silly klutz texas fever clown want point glory reich highway system unsurpassed mussolini trains run cold known soon heard utter word ticks grin appeared briefly face sardonic flash teeth twinkle recognized shambles defeat dissolved firmly lowered glass finished lecture demanded voice loud menace darkened face caused prickly fear suddenly raised glass downed wine single swallow toast announced flat tone honor complete dissociation creeps piecing pang regret breast words sensed heavy emotion rolling inside onset mourning nathan began placatingly stretched hand heard sophie sob nathan gesture dissociation tip glass sophie coony chiropractic cunt kings county dreary dregs dixie eyes lifeless billiard balls sweat drained face torrents intensely conscious level eyes skin face beneath shimmering transparency sweat purely auditory level rawly sensitive thought eardrums pop voices andrews sisters exploding jukebox don fence
returned table straining effort lowered leaden german contraption floor replacing polish model manufactured czechoslovakia heavy german typewriter recent vintage speedier considerably kinder fingers began type translating shorthand message hoss dictated previous afternoon concerned minor vexing problem community relations weird echoes les miserables recalled hoss received letter priest nearby village nearby permieter surrounding area cleared polish inhabitants priest complaint small group drunken camp guards exact number unknown entered church night pair priceless silver candlesticks altar irreplaceable objects hand wrought works art dating seventeenth century sophie translated letter aloud hoss priest crucified splintered polish sensed audaciousness brazenness letter read simple stupidity impel communication insignificant parish priest commandant auschwitz guile tone point servility honored commandant valuable delicate fault understand excessive alcohol provoke escapade doubt harmless conceived plain fact poor priest written controlled frenzy unhappiness flock divested revered possession doubt
occupant sophie dungeon asthmatic woman named lotte middle jehovah witness koblenz jewish seamstresses fortune darlings saved death injection slow torture hospital order serve governess hosses youngest children gaunt slab shaped creature prognathous jaw enormous hands resembled outwardly brutish female guards camp kl ravensbruck assaulted sophie savagely early arrival lotte amiable generous disposition refuted look menace acted big sister offering sophie important advice behave mansion valuable observations concerning commandant menage watch housekeeper wilhelmine mean sort wilhelmine prisoner german served forgery lived rooms upstairs kiss ass lotte advised sophie lick ass won trouble hoss liked flattered obvious wasn fool simple soul utterly devout practically illiterate lotte weather unholy winds auschwitz crude sturdy ship serene terrible faith try proselytize intimating sophie suffering imprisonment find ample reward jehovah kingdom rest including sophie certainly hell vindictiveness pronouncement remarks lotte short breath morning panting pausing sophie floor landing ascended labors sniffed ambient odor birkenau funeral pyre murmured jews deserved
inherited qualities mother family oppressive demand westenholzes implicit faith virtue making christ devout unitarians unique moral greatness achieved innate immoral calling tireless effort bring fruition children tried find calling isak dinesen brother thomas sought battle volunteering war emerging victoria cross younger sister elle sought marriage social wrote books high toned parables older sister ea devoted classical music motherhood died young anders youngest slower articulate kind casualty lived quietly family farm treated bumpkin tanne ambitious critical siblings series aims tasks tales began write age forty redeemed grandmother sense promise outstanding ambition native recoiled concealed pseudonyms nonchalance envied desired belong miraculously static panting arrivals personal triumphs inadequacies nobleman individual talents characteristics supposed concerns human beings sphere precisely sphere dinesens look closely image symbolic antithesis families dissolves multitude distracting details
tanne practically opportunity meet family circle pleasant local backwaters closest friends childhood children ingeborg girlhood friends bardenfleth daughter countess ida bardenfleth shy beautifully bred young girl according tanne steady orthodox nature stood awe friend daring took bicycle excursions lived switzerland dinesen sisters engaged count eduard reventlow young diplomat danish family stationed paris count reventlow wordly devil fiancee independently play interesting minor role tanne intimate friend ellen wanscher tanne admired ellen mother cultivating interests family theater literature wished ingeborg single absorbed motherhood ellen wanscher enjoyed degree confidence tanne shared brother thomas african servant farah tanne unburden heart ellen knowing told judged betrayed precious westenholz family judgmental intrusive lived spiritually pockets moment crisis tanne told important secret aunt lidda broadcast dinner table evening clannish nosy arrogant moral superiority living endless indignity naturally private person
rosa isak dineson wrote weary angry surroundings order escape punish wished die weather changed changed mind thought die free walk green earth pick violets watch plovers flitting low fields writing africa fawn lulu wild orphan adopted house raised milk saucer petted spoiled attributes adolescent frustration death wish meaning captors furious wish dead trouble think put obstacles high jump leaper put obstacles strength lulu obstacles thing fullness tanne conflict rosa lulu young women class epoch ranks freud recruited early patients observations hysteria repression spoilt children houses fed saucers petted sheltered experience taught fear shame instincts tanne fell love animals masculinity dreamed surrender perdition drawn wilderness forms trapped inside circle firelight
beginning spring city wrapped chill light watery winter inundations chestnut trees lined avenues spiky tight green shoots easter sunday suddenly brilliant sunshine warmth ea exalted mood took sister notre dame part immense crowd priests choirboys indistinct white figures swaying cloud incense tanne grudgingly impressed grandeur architecture beauty music ea noted moved feel week naturally sightseeing luxembourg gardens pantheon finding place stay proved difficult tanne ea going study singing sister studied art wanted live music teacher neuilly trouble found simple room tanne inspected rejected number lodgings horrible depressing finally settled pension rue boccador recommended count eduard reventlow found stuffy moved charm clientele changing stream young foreign officers provide supply escorts intrigues finally trip town visit sister confided diary saw ea room demanding observation touches central nerve relationship ea ingeborg sweet uncomplaining nature took things found
examining aristocratic profile farmers pause consider land expropriated native african population kenya million majority bantu speaking kamba kikuyu farmed central highlands luo lived district west lake nyanza priests luo encouraged welcome british mistook race benevolent red strangers promised ancestors perception shared nearest neighbors nandi pacified series punitive expeditions british african troops fighting pillaging recruiting friendly luo warlike masai somali tribes masai sudanic originally kenya north migrating central highlands search pastures cattle raiding villages wildly brave battle hunted lion spears groomed young warriers diet milk blood tribe kind nietzschean allure early settlers lord smiled benign indulgence stole sheep cows berkeley cole studied language organized scouts war karen blixen painted lithe figures admired form intelligence call chic daring wildly fantastical true nature imminent ideal somali brothers arms tribe proud touchy warrior herdsmen crossed kenya somalia settled word blistering desert country northeast
beginning october tanne ordered home irregulars begun return farms army organized properly outfitted companies real soldiers heroic rush recruitment office settlers begun thoughts war farms reverted bush left untended strategic impact outcome war europe campaign africa mood complacence british victory considered foregone conclusion irritated tanne spite ancient hatred germans found unbearable hear english boast strategy pretend enemy imbeciles ranking english officer shared perception colonel richard meinertzhagen career africa learned respect skill courage germany african askaris resources von alarmed hear fellow officers speak false confidence end tanne judgment proved sound von managed outmaneuver british smaller force cut completely resupply entirely keeping aggressiveness von army wrote miller learn defeat capturing news tanne reached house found complete disorder chosen headquarters white farms neighborhood native uprising wrote mother understand impossible brickwork verandah stopped halfway walls built stairs floor laid
nineteen twenty terrible loneliness anxiety karen blixen threat sale hung head reverse small evoke worried cable shareholders operating capital farm months tanne sell paris gowns jewish lady nairobi bitter letters mother thomas home poured perpetual woes lack money insecurity spring waited rains anxiety condemned bound stake torch hand executioner abundance trees blossomed farm looked brilliant condition expert named major taylor gave reassuring advice wanted buy shareholders spoke loan purpose thomas denys coffee cherries withered summer harvest disappointing creditors pressed payments told hopeless begged lectured family honor accused loving money veiled threat kill farm sold shareholders naturally resentful clearly attempts blackmail despair making investment karen coffee countess frijs providing tanne pleasant understand magnitude stood lose business deal looked farm recompense misunderstanding suffered hands young girl
end march denys received cable england mother extremely ill left immediately home bye wrote mombasa piece cheapest yellow tissue thank pleasant days bad tempered weather turned cold unexpectedly fierce wind began blow athi plains aarup suddenly dropped dead road cottage mbogani house tanne kamante found looking mushrooms brought body house noting dead person carried buried violent rainstorm soaked tanne skin blew open cart coffin side road aarup tanne speculated enjoyed scene began miss downpour rains abruptly ceased weeks air remained perfectly clear nights starry highlands farmers walked lawns bed check sky rain believed lived tempest bad sign rains failed wintry evenings tanne spread papers dining room table worked essay confidence worth problems farm distracted admitted excuse reader ask bothered strenuous intellectual task conditions congenial thomas explained thing importance question moral commitment finish started thoughts clearly ranged
afternoon november tanne sat millstone reflected course looked saw stork standing lawn european stork kind bird flown fairy tale andersen wing broken stayed farm months eating rats frogs totos caught threepence kamante impossible believe deliberately imitating kamante stiff measured walk legs thickness totos laughed saw pair farah believed stork wandering caliph thousand nights tanne boasted talent taming creatures wild autumn urging mother visit sort diplomatic negotiation family posing sorts conditions tanne calling visit times sheer frustration ingeborg marriageable royal maiden holding aloof bess suggested tanne home denmark obliging mother journey africa testy haven healthy haven thought going home die lead existence fly bottle finally agreed mrs dinesen embark christmas bring badly needed capital farm denys finch hatton meantime leading sporting country estates england scotland writing tania atmosphere home depressed
hear lot divorce days statistics show half marriages end divorce couples don divorce courts fight lot half couples stay married marry happy marriage fact reading books shows personal interest subject divorcing parents maybe parents fight re worried split told re getting divorce happened feeling confused maybe frightened certainly upset parents divorced thinking sad event trying head parents home pretty basic kid parents split future uncertain parents don mess lives love love feel guilty feel responsible resent hate parents thinking blame problem bad feelings hating parent chance feel special kind loneliness times reassurance explanations parents upset problems giving support maybe tried talk situation talk left unsatisfied
becky thought desperately thirty dad home minute house feeling dread growing inside reached front door phone rang becky mother called miss devon becky thought sinking feeling times hesitated hand doorknob wondering going becky mother called impatiently becky felt pulled directions wanted speak miss devon school yearbook sponsor bad choice turned hall picked phone damp nervous fingers today let fight prayed heard door slam gaze flew hall clock thirty father home becky swallowed hard tried voice normal spoke phone hello hello becky miss devon pleasant soft voice news starting kitchen father loud angry voice listen mother shrill fool marry timing rat hands tramp office re crazy father yelled re crazy woman locked becky tried cover telephone mouthpiece trembling hand pounding head heard miss devon telling appointed yearbook staff exciting news becky praying think shameful yelling cursing parents fear miss devon hear
kathy parents getting divorce lot bitter angry feelings felt parents let kathy eyes selfish kathy swallowed feelings tried think anger powerful force wreck things inside kathy case attack attacked inwardly causing psychosomatic illness smothered anger kathy physically sick bottled anger feel badly depressed realize angry angry feelings submerged repressed think hate parents anger hidden talk therapist counselor uncover feelings surprised discover deep furious hidden anger angry thoughts won injure normal times feel angry love deal hate healthier realize feel angry ashamed afraid let feelings enter mind angry feelings help talk parents directly situation home making feel explain fights making feel sick inside disrupting school generally making miserable angry feel parents jolted going marriage counselor iron problems need talk anger calmly objectively parents actually losing temper yelling
custom commonly regarded subject moment workings brains feel uniquely worthy investigation custom thinking behaviour commonplace matter fact traditional custom mass detailed behaviour astonishing person evolve individual actions matter aberrant trivial aspect matter fact rate importance predominant role custom plays experience belief varieties manifest looks pristine eyes sees edited definite set customs institutions ways thinking philosophical probings stereotypes concepts true false reference traditional customs john dewey seriousness part played custom shaping behaviour individual affect traditional custom proportion total vocabulary mother tongue words baby talk vernacular family seriously studies social orders opportunity develop autonomously figure exact matter fact observation history individual foremost accommodation patterns standards traditionally handed community moment birth customs born shape experience behaviour
binds culture ideas standards common selecting symbol common blood heredity making slogan nation turned attention culture unites emphasizing major merits recognizing values develop culture substitute realistic thinking kind symbolism dangerous misleading knowledge cultural forms social thinking present volume concerned problem culture seen bodily form race separable culture purposes laid side points special reason relevant chief requirement discussion culture based wide selection cultural forms means facts possibly differentiate human adjustments culturally conditioned common inevitable mankind discover introspection observation society behaviour instinctive organically determined order class behaviour instinctive proved automatic conditioned response automatic organically determined culturally conditioned responses greater part huge equipment automatic behaviour illuminating material discussion cultural forms processes societies historically related vast network historical contact spread civilizations tremendous areas primitive cultures source turn
australia hand adulthood means participation exclusively male cult fundamental trait exclusion women woman put death hears sound bull ceremonies rites puberty ceremonies elaborate symbolic repudiations bonds female sex symbolically sufficient wholly responsible element community attain end drastic sexual rites bestow supernatural guaranties clear physiological facts adolescence socially interpreted stressed survey puberty institutions makes clear fact puberty physiologically matter cycle male female cultural emphasis physiological emphasis girls ceremonies marked boys ceremonies emphasize social fact adult prerogatives reaching culture women instances common societies note period boys girls girls boys puberty socially celebrated tribe identical ways interior british columbia adolescent rites magical training occupations girls included terms boys boys roll stones mountains beat bottom swift foot throw gambling sticks lucky gambling girls carry water distant springs drop stones inside dresses children born easily pebble drops ground
pueblo culture flourished greatly settled arid plateau brought bow arrow knowledge stone architecture diversified agriculture chose site greatest develoment inhospitable waterless valley san juan flows colorado river north ventures explain forbidding regions united states grew greatest indian cities north mexico kinds built civilization period cliff dwellings semicircular valley citadels cliff dwellings dug sheer face precipice built ledge hundreds feet valley floor romantic habitations mankind guess circumstances led construction homes cornfields water supply planned fortifications ruins enduringly challenge admiration ingenuity beauty thing omitted matter solid rock ledge pueblo built underground ceremonial chamber kiva hewed accommodate upright large serve gathering room entered ladder hatchway type dwelling prototype modern planned city semicircular sweep wall rose stories fortified exterior terraced approached underground kivas clustered embrce masonry arms
hundred masked gods zuni pantheon dance groups sets thirty forty kind sets coloured directions zuni counts cardinal points gods individual details costuming individual mask individual place hierarchy gods myths recount doings ceremonies expected dances masked gods administered carried tribal society adult males women initiated save lives customary excluded tabu membership woman customary today women members tradition reaches tribal society organized groups kiva ceremonial chamber kiva officials dances belong roll members membership kivas follows choice boy ceremonial father birth initiation till child attainment ceremonial status initiation dr bunzel points teach esoteric mysteries establishes bond supernatural forces makes strong say valuable scare kachinas punitive masked gods initiation whip children yucca whips rite exorcism bad happenings future events propitious
western plains believed vision determined success expect vision doomed failure going poor vision experience curing curing powers warfare warrior powers encountered double woman transvestite took woman occupations habits blessed mythical water serpent supernatural power evil sacrificed lives wife children payment sorcerer desired general strengthening success ventures sought visions warpaths curings kinds miscellaneous occasions calling buffalo naming children mourning revenge finding lost articles vision visual auditory hallucination need accounts tell appearance animal appeared human form talked suppliant gave song formula supernatural practice leaving turned animal suppliant knew animal blessed skin bone feathers memento experience preserve sacred medicine bundle hand experiences casual tribes valued especially moments intimacy nature occasions person edge river trail felt simple event compelling significance dream supernatural power
excessive individual mourning expected understood interment wife daughter insist staying grave wailing refusing eat taking notice tried urge camp woman especially wailing dangerous places received visions gave supernatural power tribes women graves wailed later pleasant afternoons sit wailing abandon grief children especially characteristic extremity parents grief expressed dakota coming naked camp wailing occasion thing happen writer says experience plains tribe offend parent mourning death certainly follow profound sorrow seeks wreak revenge soon goes war kill killed immaterial courted death pueblos pray delivered awful possibility attitudes death familiar types contrasted behaviour individuals recognize congeniality pueblos institutionalized plains mean course violent uninhibited grief called member bereaved family western plains pueblos told forget adjusts discomfort finds expression breaking hairbrush
attitude sex zuni parallels standards civilization puritanical contrasts striking parallels puritan attitude sex flows identification sin zuni sense sin sin unfamiliar sex experience suffer guilt complexes consider sex series temptations resisted painful efforts chastity regarded disfavour folktales criticized harshly proud girls resist marriage youth stay ignoring occasions legitimately admired young gods steps supposed puritan ethics contrive spite obstacles sleep teach delight humility amiable disciplinary means bring girl embrace marriage proper happiness mortals pleasant relations sexes merely aspect pleasant relations human beings fundamental distinction phrase commendation likes affairs women likes trouble women sex incident happy cosmological ideas form expression extraordinarily consistent spirit lack intensity conflict danger institutionalized project supernaturals dr bunzel says animus withhold gifts assistance secured offerings prayers magical practices
dobu common house room husband wife jealously safeguards privacy house pair provide garden food children common making requirements elementary person brought western civilization dobu face difficult problems strongest loyalties susu inviolably private house garden provided married pair home ground hostile eyes lie susu wife susu husband problem solved logically understandably uncommon marriage death couple live alternate village husband village wife alternate spouse backing group commands situation alternate spouse tolerated alien efface owners spouse village dobuan villages divided rift groups stand hand matrilineal lineage called owners village married children owners group dominant put disadvantage merely resident exigencies married owners present solid front group outsiders coherence dobuan dogma practice uniting villages number marital alliances widely alliances spread villages heartily arrangements approved
bob haslam stood shade lonely rock adobe relay station known friday set nevada plains surrounded sea gray green sage bob young wiry tough rawhide typical pony express rider saddle horse tied close fine animal deep barrel muscular shoulders outrun indian pony pony express bob bow cowboy teens considered bit cowboy born ranch riding pony walk expert horseman bob eighty riders carefully chosen hundreds applicants posted united states st joseph missouri san francisco relay station waited poised job rush mochila station covered span miles wild desolate country flaming desert vast prairies rugged mountains danger rampaging indians renegades swollen rivers blizzards schedule allowed ten days cover entire route maintain schedule mochila travel hundred miles meant rider travel breakneck speed switching mochila fresh pony twelve fifteen miles stopped daring riders mail rider limped arrow protruding mexican collapsed ponies withers drilled renegade bullet bob walker code inflexible mail horse rider
todd swamped flood orders hurried san francisco persuaded postmaster swear extra clerk pay searched customers mail found buy jackass pack dutch flat picked newspapers find brought apiece mining camps jackass mail born washington flooded complaints steamship mail service slow months lifteime wait reply letter east stifle outcry congress tried speed mail railroad constructed fever ridden isthmus panama shorten voyage horn camels imported sahara desert hoped carry mail southern deserts experiment failed congress finally decided practical method providing mail service west overland route sturdy stagecoaches offered annual subsidy guarantee provide semi weekly service john butterfield known stagecoach operator won contract backed express companies adams american national wells fargo selected route known oxbow looping southern states miles longer northern immigrant route avoided tortuous passes sierra nevada winters northern plains couldn avoid savage comanches apaches roved southwest butterfield hired set building stage stations twenty miles route
days speeding april russell promised launch service drew close scores stations plains kansas deserts utah sage flats nevada amid rugged hills wyoming breaks nebraska slopes sierra nevadas riders stock tenders posed waiting enormous task building stations clear united states equiping buying horses hiring unfinished starting date couldn postponed advertised newspapers country mail piling rate letters half ounce carried end line salt lake city lay roughly midway points letters written tissue paper reduce weight envelope carried ten cent postage stamp letters wrapped oiled silk dry express riders forded streams full cantinas pony carry pay load rider knew schedule heart days hours allowed san francisco salt lake city days cover close thousand miles allowance delay error margin allowed unknown obstacles swollen rivers blocked mountain passes ravaging indians rider mile chain week week week russell claim furnish reliable mail service america ten days empty boast hope earning government subsidy dream
morning news pounds scale actually read courage stand look pants change pockets mention keyring swiss army knife upstairs bathroom scale weighed heavy morally sure kid growing york heard gypsies gift prophesy maybe proof tried laugh raise small successful smile early laugh gypsies pass things perspective felt sick large stomach thought gypsies hoped heartily pass palm reading parties stick ouija board billy downstairs coming dressed noting subliminal distress spite pound drop waist pants getting tight waist size forty quit smoking exactly paid boy paid downstairs collar open tie lying neck linda fourteen daughter going door flirt skirt flip ponytail tied morning sexy velvet ribbon books arm gaudy cheerleader purple white rustled busily hand
bright clear halleck finally gave agreed climb labyrinth trail wife grounds laced hiking trails rated easy extremely difficult labyrinth rated moderate honeymoon heidi climbed remembered pleasure working steep defiles heidi laughing telling hurry slowpoke remembered worming narrow cavelike passages rock whispering ominously wife feel ground shaking narrowest part narrow managed give butt pretty swat halleck admit heidi narrow passages rock worried honeymoon slim trim kid shape summers spent logging crew western massachusetts sixteen older lot heavier jolly dr houston kindly informed entering heart attack country idea heart attack halfway mountain uncomfortable fairly remote getting stuck narrow stone throats trail snaked top remember crawl places didn want stuck places gang ole billy halleck stuck dark crawly places heart attack heyyy price
linda greeted extravagant kisses mutual amazement produced creditable lasagna oven served paper plates bearing face lasagna lover extraordinaire garfield cat asked honeymoon phrase belongs childhood halleck observed dryly heidi evening dishes linda flying girlfriends continue dungeons dragons game going nearly begin tell trip cried reminds spent rest meal regaling tales wonder horror fairview junior high continuing story held fascination halleck wife tried listen attention week rushed kissed halleck cheek loudly cried bye skinny halleck watched mount bike pedal front walk ponytail flying turned heidi dumbfounded listen told called ahead told say female conspiracy scanned face nodded tiredly guess heidi nagged upstairs finally ended bathroom naked towel waist struck strong sense deja vu temporal dislocation complete felt mild physical nausea exact replay stood scale towel powder blue set wrapped waist
judge called recess ten minutes later halleck sat defense table pretending pore sheaf papers hearing room empty rose hands stuffed suit coat pockets gesture hoped looked casual actually holding trousers pockets took suit coat privacy room stall hung looked pants took belt pants buttoned zipped slithered ankles change muffled jingle pockets struck tile sat toilet held belt scroll looked read story unsettling belt father present ago linda held belt reading felt heart speeding frightened run deepest indentation niques belt hole daughter bought small halleck remembered thinking ruefully forgivable optimism part comfortable quit smoking bit hard buckle belt hole quit smoking hit gypsy woman indents belt hole fourth finally sixth halleck saw growing horror indents lighter belt told truer briefer story michael houston weight loss going wasn slowing speeding
nights scheduled check glassman clinic billy stood scales looking dismally dial tonight stood looking dial occurred perfectly natural things occur conscious mind subconscious mulled days weeks person talk crazy fears judge cary rossington rossington tit drunk fairly sympathetic understanding guy sober point closemouthed halleck supposed drunken party constants physical universe sunrise east sunset west return halley comet town guzzling manhattans fishing green olives martinis possibly grabbing tits mens wives indiscreet ole billy halleck paranoid ideas regarding gypsies curses suspected rossington think spilling tale cups illegal hearing textbook case municipal hardball sure witnesses suborned evidence eighty sleeping dog shrewdies cary rossington kicking animals likely fairly question concerning rossington failure disqualify fact investigating officer bothered give halleck breathalyzer test seen driver victim
put hands ears screamed stop dermatologists told cary bit course mean cary asked guys knew sure things happen rarely ha ha rarely licked tests bore conclusion regimen hipovites high potency vitamins unfamiliar high priced doc talk glandular injections treatment getting scaly patches begun show cary neck underside chin finally face dermatologists finally admitted stumped moment course thing incurable modern medicine dietary regimen mumble mumble likewise blah de blah cary longer listen tried talk gypsy told halleck actually raised hand strike seen humping roughening skin tender webbing thumb forefinger hand skin cancer shouted skin cancer skin cancer skin cancer christ sweet sake shut wog course making nominal sense talking fourteenth century absurdities knew gypsy stepped crowd raintree flea market touched cary face knew eyes raised hand saw knew
linda heidi tiny lines eyes corners mouth deep strain smoking steam engine billy saw vantage told halleck linda aunt rhoda westchester county couple reasons heidi needs rest billy happening half mind gotten convince don cancer talk cary rossington billy muttered kitchen turn coffee needed cup badly strong black sugar sound soulmates hear mind let turn coffee sleeping heidi twisting hands restlessly understand yes billy felt thorn lodged inside wondered heidi understood needed linda understood daughter part support system part support system erode linda confidence psychological equilibrium heidi matter cost felt bright hate surface heart mommy driven daughter auntie house soon billy called daddy coming home don run screaming dear thin pick
reality depends lot conception physical bulk think yes reality lot closer heart matter saw erased pound pound complicated equation erased blackboard line line computation computation sense reality personal reality reality general fat bulky pounds overweight downright pig fat stout normal thing stooges glassman clinic think anyway thin thinness beginning slip scrawniness emaciation supposed lingered bounds imagination seriously worried hauled funny farm procedures took final conversation houston showed clearly things impossible going believe wanted call kirk penschley urge nearly insurmountable knew kirk call investigative agencies firm employed turned called york number paging address book find richard bobbed uneasily mind beginning thing call case brothers voice end specials tonight include veal marsala version fettuccine alfredo
stopped night providence called office answering service left message kirk penschley send photographs gypsies particulars vehicles including license plate numbers vin numbers sheraton hotel south portland maine service read message correctly minor miracle billy opinion turned drive fairview providence hundred fifty miles found exhausted slept dreamlessly weeks discovered morning scales motel bathroom thank god billy halleck thought small favors dressed quickly stopping tying shoes perfectly amazed hear whistling headed interstate thirty checked sheraton huge shopping mall thirty message penschley waiting information difficult billy thought pounds kirk hell days lose equivalent pack tallboys days lose medium size bag flour fella south portland sheraton round billy room shaped pie wedge overtaxed mind dealt found impossible deal bedroom point road tired headachy restaurant thought face especially point ordered room service stepped shower waiter knock
joel converse attorney law walked hotel richemond blinding morning sunlight jardin brunswick squinting turned left shifting attache case hand conscious contents thinking primarily meet coffee croissants le chat botte sidewalk cafe waterfront re meet accurate thought converse confused preston halliday joel american adversary current negotiations finalizing minute details swiss american merger brought geneva remaining minimal formalities research established agreements accord laws countries acceptable international court hague halliday odd choice part american legal team fielded swiss tabs joel firm excluded fresh observation frequently asset elevate position point chief spokesman say unorthodox unsettling halliday reputation converse knew troubleshooter legal mechanic san francisco spot loose wire rip short engine negotiations covering months costing hundreds thousands aborted presence converse recalled preston halliday recalled halliday knew press halliday voice announced hotel phone pointing rosen comm tech bern merger happened joel asked muted electric razor left hand mind trying locate halliday replied
walked past marble counter hotel richemond front desk headed winding staircase left habit suite floor brass grilled elevators wine colored velvet interiors things beauty swiftness enjoyed passing casement displays outrageously priced brilliantly lit jewels lined walls elegant staircase shimmering diamonds blood red rubies webbed necklaces spun gold reminded change extraordinary change thought end violently thousands miles dozen rat infested cells muted gunfire screams children dark distance diamonds rubies spun gold symbols unattainable unrealistic passed observed smiling existence acknowledge large shining eyes infinite depth staring telling change acknowledge saw felt tentacle mind body numbed suspended airless space known boy died arms later words whispered brutal moment death incomprehensible paralyzing aquitaine aquitaine sanity reason words mean drawn elusive meaning drawn knew reason terrible manipulation magnet george marcus delavane warlord saigon
later broke mold carefully constructed words infuriated disillusioned de accords independence seeking algerians fled land birth north africa joined general raoul rebellious oas violently opposed policies termed betrayals revolutionary interim implicated assassination attempt de capture april insurrectionists collapse bertholdier emerged defeat stunningly intact extraordinary move understood de bertholdier released prison brought elysee revealed bertholdier returned rank de comment record press conference reply question regarding reinstated rebel officer verbatim translation soldier patriot permitted forgiven single misguided interlude conferred satisfied subject bertholdier stationed influential posts rising rank general chief military charge major embassies period france participation military committee nato frequently recalled quai accompanying de international conferences visible newspaper photographs feet oddly contributions considerable conferences summits invariably previous station internal debates continued decisions reached constantly groomed summoned critical post
doctor doctor doctor shouted dropped mop pail guttural stream panicked phrases accompanied cautious steps forward converse rolled wall gasped breath watched german wide blank eyes doctor whispered trembled backed door turned opened ran frail voice raised help seconds gate hundred feet left entrance terminal hundred joel quickly raced pail turned upside brought windows floor stepped foot palms making contact base window shoved glass rose inches stopped frame lodged sash pushed strength manage awkward position window budge breathing hard studied intense gaze zeroing small steel objects wished god place protective braces screwed opposing sashes preventing window opened inches cologne bonn international airport panoply sophisticated security devices safeguards distant shouts door reached sweat rolled converse face stepped pail reached attache case floor action decision simultaneous instinct unconsciously governing joel picked leather case stepped forward crashed repeatedly window shattering glass finally breaking lower wooden frame
joel stood low wall trying focus view hoping calm exercise futile beauty lost distract thoughts lucas anstett circuit court appeals judge extraordinary intermediary joel converse employers unknown san francisco unknown retired scholar island mykonos person knew space eighteen hours found found killed converse joel turned whipping head shoulder body rigid standing twenty feet edge graveled path sandy haired younger converse early mid thirties boyish face grow slowly remain young shorter joel ten eleven dressed light gray trousers cord jacket white shirt open neck asked converse hoarsely couple strolled path younger jerked head left gesturing joel follow lawn converse joining huge iron wheel bronze cannon repeated joel sister meagen sandy haired makes mistake tell hell converse stopped words coming words whispered dying geneva christ meg kids meg kids loud fowler called wife meg
maybe maybe thought joey turning muscle organization delvecchio losing grip maybe called afflizione surely follow possibly possibly joey tested maybe nice soave put bad heat judge gave hard wasn siree nice stopped handle gun job profession lord jesus decided live die spoke mortal earth told joey hit moral dilemma joey nice important orders respect night order respect joey personally heard powerful padrone washington whispered spoken loud joey touched brakes car slowing swing driveway wife angie pissed maybe shout didn home night irritation top craziness hell going say sorry angie gainfully employed throwing bullets guy definitely discriminated italians angie stay bridge jersey paesans played cards swear night happens chief police course details wife
israeli face reddened soft laughter filled large room suddenly van stepped forward converse eyes drawn strong face brows frowning muscles taut addressing closest associates sir rebuke unmistakable thin smile creased gaunt chiseled face pleasure young hand stretched joel accepted amid subdued laughter insulted cried abrahms thick eyebrows raised head bobbing mock despair talkers insulted frankly converse agree woman quarter century tell tell believe hire whores play cards read stories gray ears fool friends laughter grew louder israeli playing audience leaning forward pretending speak sotto voce joel hire whores tell truth shtup tell fancy talkers nod clock whining warm milk ovaltine dear sabra leifhelm talking laughter read romantic fiction assiduously mean converse asked abrahms shrugging palms extended hear assiduously germans lost war forever spoke dramatically blitzkrieg angriffe actually talking assiduously commission chaim bertholdier enjoying changed called rommel von jews fronts
sounds racing paws nasal explosions sight gleaming dark coats animal fur rushing circles front jailhouse joel ran bathroom concentrating seconds waited sliding bolt flushed toilet closed bathroom door raced chair raised stood place legs feet locked floor door opened inches seconds german hand pushed herr converse wo sind ach die toilette chauffeur walked tray joel swung chair strength german head driver arched feet tray dishes crashing floor stunned converse kicked door shut brought heavy chair repeatedly chauffeur skull limp blood saliva pouring eyes face phalanx dogs lurched suddenly closed door began bark maniacally clawing wood joel grabbed silver chain slipped unconscious german head pulled silver whistle pocket tiny holes tube meant pulled remaining chair window door climbed put whistle lips covered hole blew mouthpiece sound effect dobermans mad began attack door suicidal assaults removed finger hole blew dogs confused circled snapping yelping snarling concentration door
young listened studied joel face nodded lodgings seek avoided thought idea inconspicuous night places bonn sir bonn credit counselor glancing cafe predominanant clientele converse thought summer urgently student bedlam youth hostels vicinity bonn cologne filled sir americans dutch spaces north hanover solution think summer sir rooming houses filled attending university spaces summer months house stay empty rooms floor thought lived ago parents retired live sister mannheim hurry pay tonight tomorrow morning thought taking plane morning stops show young joel excused knowing missed student started lobby door converse grabbed elbow gesturing street entrance luggage sir shouted german din flashing lights lend razor morning converse yelled pulling young mingling bodies door tables entrance empty chair seat soft rumpled cloth
tracy whitney stepped lobby apartment building gray sleety rain fell impartially sleek limousines driven market street uniformed chauffeurs abandoned boarded houses huddled slums north philadelphia rain washed limousines clean sodden messes garbage piled high front neglected row houses tracy whitney pace brisk walked east chestnut street bank singing aloud wore bright yellow raincoat boots yellow rain hat barely contained mass shining chestnut hair mid twenties lively intelligent face full sensuous mouth sparkling eyes change soft moss green dark jade moments trim athletic figure skin ran gamut translucent white deep rose depending angry tired excited mother told honestly child don recognize colors wind tracy walked street turned smile envying happiness shone face smiled indecent happy tracy whitney thought marrying love going baby ask tracy approached bank glanced watch twenty doors philadelphia trust fidelity bank open employees ten minutes clarence desmond bank senior vice president charge international department turning alarm opening door
tracy grown house filled warm comfortable memories home past taxi slowed stop front house shocked large sign lawn sale orleans realty company impossible sell house mother told happy filled strange unreasoning fear tracy moved past giant magnolia tree front door key house seventh grade carried talisman reminder haven waiting opened door stepped inside stood stunned rooms completely empty stripped furniture beautiful antique pieces house barren shell deserted occupied tracy ran room room disbelief growing sudden disaster struck hurried upstairs stood doorway bedroom occupied stared cold empty god happened tracy heard sound front doorbell walked trance stairs answer otto schmidt stood doorway foreman whitney automotive parts company elderly seamed face body rail thin protruding beer belly tonsure straggly gray hair framed scalp tracy heavy german accent heard news tell sorry
news tracy whitney crime sentencing appeared front page orleans courier accompanied police photograph major wire services picked story flashed correspondent newspapers country tracy courtroom await transfer penitentiary confronted crew television reporters hid face humiliation escape cameras joe romano big news attempt beautiful female burglar bigger news tracy surrounded enemies charles repeating god let charles baby born prison afternoon desk sergeant permit tracy telephone harriet answered stanhope office harriet tracy whitney speak stanhope moment miss whitney heard hesitation secretary voice stanhope harrowing wait tracy finally heard charles voice wept relief charles tracy tracy yes darling charles trying reach going crazy tracy newspapers full wild stories believe re saying true darling didn call tried couldn reach jail orleans charles re going send prison didn horror weeping hold listen papers say shot true
re going lose governess tomorrow warden brannigan announced wife sue ellen brannigan looked surprise judy amy sentence released morning breakfast comfortable cottage perquisites warden brannigan job benefits included cook maid chauffeur governess daughter amy servants trusties sue ellen brannigan arrived earlier nervous living grounds penitentiary apprehensive house full servants convicted criminals won rob cut throats middle night demanded warden brannigan promised put report persuaded wife convincing sue ellen fears proved groundless trusties anxious impression cut conscientious getting comfortable idea leaving amy judy care mrs brannigan complained wished judy want leave knew kind woman amy governess horror stories terrible things strangers children mind replace judy george warden considerable thought dozen trusties suitable job taking care daughter able tracy whitney mind case found deeply disturbing
morning passed slowly tracy felt mind minutes drag interminably read amy idea reading aware mrs brannigan watching window tracy let play hide seek tracy nervous play games dared arouse mrs brannigan suspicions forced smile sure don hide amy front yard bungalow distance tracy building utility room located exactly change street clothes lying bottom large clothes hamper covered uniforms linens laundryman hamper wheel truck truck drive gates nearby town laundry plant located driver truck front seat truck town stops red light open door step real cool catch bus re goin amy called half hidden trunk magnolia tree held hand mouth stifle giggle miss tracy thought leave miss black bald headed bull dyke young girl wondered charles stanhope iii coming find tracy sue ellen watched game inside house
tracy prison inmate tracy cell block walked re getting woman betty franciscus early forties attractive air pride need help york conrad morgan slipped tracy piece paper criminal reform likes give hand prison thank don think need address hours later tracy walking penitentiary gates moving past television cameras speak reporters amy broke mother threw tracy arms cameras whirred picture evening news freedom tracy longer simply abstract word tangible physical condition enjoyed savored freedom meant breathing fresh air privacy standing lines meals listening bells meant hot baths smelling soaps soft lingerie pretty dresses high heeled shoes meant number freedom meant escape big bertha fear gang rapes deadly monotony prison routine tracy newfound freedom took getting walking street careful jostle penitentiary bumping prisoner spark set conflagration absence constant menace tracy found difficult adjust threatening free carry plans philadelphia charles stanhope iii saw tracy television leaving prison
small employment agency blocks apartment run mrs murphy matronly looking heavy set lady put tracy resume studied quizzically don need dozen companies give eyeteeth tracy took deep breath problem explained mrs murphy sat listening quietly tracy finished mrs murphy flatly forget looking computer job companies jumpy days computer crimes re gonna hire record need job kinds jobs thought working saleslady tracy remembered experience department store bear woman hesitated tracy whitney obviously overqualified job mrs murphy mind look alley waitress job open jackson hole hamburger place upper east side waitress job yeah won charge commission happened hear tracy sat debating waited tables college fun question surviving try jackson hole bedlam packed noisy impatient customers harassed irritable fry cooks food prices reasonable place jammed waitresses worked frantic pace relax end tracy exhausted earning money
thomas bowers ne jeff stevens sat plane window looking aircraft took raised handkerchief eyes shoulders heaved dennis trevor brandon higgins seated looked surprise hey money cry jeff stevens turned tears streaming face higgins astonishment saw jeff convulsed laughter hell matter higgins demanded laugh jeff manner tracy whitney outwitted airport ingenious con witnessed scam top scam conrad morgan told woman amateur god jeff thought professional tracy whitney doubt beautiful woman jeff stevens seen clever jeff prided confidence artist business outsmarted uncle willie loved jeff thought uncle willie educated jeff jeff mother trusting heiress farm equipment forutne married improvident schemer filled rich quick projects worked jeff father charmer darkly handsome persuasively glib marriage managed run wife inheritance jeff earliest memories mother father quarreling money father extramarital affairs bitter marriage young boy resolved going married
cheated taxes insurance scams falsified expense accounts put current mistresses payrolls secretaries assistants christ jeff thought re dressed carnies run flat stores wives grabbed greedy hands cheated husbands re playing key game jeff marveled tried tell louise felt laughed don naive jeff re enjoying truth married louise believed needed felt children change let married angel patient doctor told fine maybe checkup re jeff trouble producing healthy children doctor assured happened black monday jeff fell started morning louise medicine chest aspirin found shelf full birth control pills cases empty lying innocently vial white powder small golden spoon start noon jeff seated deep armchair pilgrim club waiting budge heard talking swears italian singer cock ten inches snicker louise liked big re talking louise jeff told married carnival person place tell amusing stories won believe
jessica chatting cara walker pi beta alpha sorority sisters winston reached side look admiration face dressed bright blue skin hugging minidress matching tights jessica eyecatching sight outfit accented shapely legs brought blue sparking aquamarine eyes room elizabeth stylish casual wheat colored pants tan striped shirt eyed twin admiration blessed american blond looks sisters appeared alike identical twins possibly elizabeth envied felt sister dramatic flair floor gym dotted couples keeping pace rhythmic beat droids frenetic tempo catchy original tunes sweet valley high popular band dana larson group lead singer middle latest song found paradise lyrics told eden complete found boy share elizabeth mused guys hooked dana miniskirted figure exotically styled short blond hair tantalizing voice singer trouble making wish true hey todd guy elizabeth asked pointed tall lanky early twenties standing gym bleachers dressed red leather pants matching skinny tie knotted loosely white shirt staring intently stage absorbed music nah saw todd answered maybe ms dalton boyfriend
moments later elizabeth caught todd rushed edge bleachers jessica winston heated discussion look win saying spend rest evening jessica shouted jess date tonight mean leave sense adventure win mon loosen re free want want want jessica eyes lit inspiration don robin wilson ken place love perfect happily resolved jessica patted winston shoulder win thanks sport sure anytime mumbled retreating elizabeth heard leaving todd cheer defeated winston raced sister side jessica chance find bruce hold jessica elizabeth didn commanding tone jessica knew sister spoke stopped turned liz win humiliated answered breezily re couple date tonight say chain koko clown night waiting bruce birth heaven sake think going let re wrong think elizabeth persisted
elizabeth refused budge minute jess real important problem wait liz annoyed bruce talking jessica elizabeth retorted jess inside minute jessica chance answer bruce raised elbow coolly allowing free hand slide seductively jessica arm rest shoulder breast jessica didn move look honey bruce started honey elizabeth snapped hey jessica busy want wait talk sister jessica elizabeth stare bored directly sister eyes jessica practically pleaded bruce smirked jessica wouldn want hold want jessica message clear elizabeth kiss bruce patman goodbye took decide going turning elizabeth added look talk later ok elizabeth mortified jessica rejected bluntly clear needed crowbar pry sister bruce arms forget elizabeth mixture hurt disgust voice turned headed party jessica smiled lose wanted show bruce strength believe soon elizabeth earshot wall stomping think baby sitter nah sure
couldn oval face looks stuck pumpkin top neck hair dull yellow mess split ends hate gesture absolute hopelessness ran hand silky blond hair flipped watched drifted lightly shoulders thing duller eyes look color liz poked face inch sister nose fluttered eyelashes almond shaped eyes blue green caribbean re blah waiting elizabeth response jessica reached bag sorrows mean telethon things re wrong look minute threw facedown sister freshly bed thanks million elizabeth mock anger wasn talking jessica pillow muffled voice re looking person sweet valley figure terrible legs chopsticks knees bony top face wrong happen identical twin sister miss america elizabeth asked deciding look mirror jessica hopeless case trouble image saw reflected mirror alarm girls shoulder length sun streaked blond hair sparkling blue green eyes perfect skin tiny dimple elizabeth left cheek duplicated younger sister younger minutes
don wish lived hill patmans fowlers jess elizabeth admonished knew perfectly twin totally wanting live hill sweet valley rich lived sprawling imposing mansions dad elizabeth certainly works hard late practically night days lizzie wondering funny dad night night called office woman lawyer answered mean ms west yes heard dad called morning marianna silly elizabeth trying sound unconcerned wondered father marianna don liz sounded pretty seductive phone jessica think re wacko ok ok don shook liz jessica glanced spacious homes heaved sigh anyway saying don house liz lot money bruce patman lila fowler bad goes asked elizabeth mean cars servants mon jess talking crazy feud patmans want rock sweet valley stay exactly fifty fowlers want build sight needs jessica changed subject usual abruptness school view liz stop let drive parking lot pleaded jess heard mom jessica sank seat
lizzie big brothers listeners smiled concern steve things fine fine dead think todd anymore added re grilling big brother telling re home fourth weekend row thought sophisticated college spent weekends dating sophisticated college women uh family elizabeth sworn blushing sure steve re grateful fifteen minutes spend weekend absolutely dying spend rest friends kind thing laughed re getting nosy brat ok relented let hook sense mystery love mystery nosy weird combination biting sandwich tell jessica folks jess fine boy elizabeth thought folks guess guess asked bites re busy mom rushing meet client design business booming dad working case lawyer firm marianna west married big heart specialist gareth west dad divorcee hmmm steven lifted eyebrow heaven sake steve re bad jessica quote married wouldn let husband spend looking divorcee
miles centerburg route meets route lives boy named homer homer father owns tourist camp homer mother cooks fried chicken hamburgers lunch room takes care tourist cabins father takes care filling station homer odd jobs place washes windshields cars help father sweeps cabins takes care lunch room help mother homer going school odd jobs playing boys works hobby building radios workshop corner room works evenings going bed night goes kitchen glass milk cookies working radios makes hungry tabby family cat comes eat night homer opened ice box door poured saucer milk tabby glass milk put bottle looked interesting shelves heard footsteps felt soft brush leg reached pet tabby looked animal drinking milk certainly wasn cat skunk homer startled didn sudden motions remembered read skunks strong smell animals don smell protection don frighten hurt friendly
afraid night run suitcase money lotion finally decided sleep bed bed surely wake tight fit managed bed covered put suitcase money lotion inside middle bed turned light quiet robber comfortable sleeping bed robber sleeping woods mosquitoes funny animals don smell nice added robber admit present condition trifle overcrowded college education feelings exactly robber start driving mexico sleep ride border driving night makes nervous robber argument robbers trying convince fourth robbers mexico arguing homer thought hard guessed pretty quick robbers decide sheriff hair cut thought plan making sound slipped window hurried hole house
saturday afternoon homer freddy freddy brother louis listening college football game radio game homer feeling sort hungry freddy louis let kitchen eat downstairs homer poured glasses milk homer mother brought cookie jar don eat cookies cautioned dinner ma won freddy homer tonight newspaper think homer yes top refrigerator boy freddy opened comic page let happened super freddy brother louis homer gathered paper super going big steel box filled dynamite villain put dropped middle ocean air ship picture super saying haw haw villain thinks rid mistaken picture dynamite exploded blew steel box bits didn hurt super super tough tougher steel hurt look muscles chest super freddy going picture picture super bounded bottom ocean whizzing air caught air ship tail broke loud crack
let tell narrow escape gay neck egg forget mistake mine broke eggs mother laid stupid regret knows maybe broken egg perished finest pigeon happened house stories high roof built pigeon house days eggs laid decided clean pigeon hole gay neck mother sitting lifted egg carefully put softly pigeon hole cotton flannel hard wooden floor busied task removing debris birth nest soon brought egg restored proper place reached laid gentle firm hand fell face roof blown storm gay neck father furiously beating face wings worse claws feet nose pain surprise ere knew dropped egg engrossed beating bird head face flew late egg lay broken mess feet furious clumsy father prepared father bird attack
rain heat plains proved excessive family decided himalayas map india find northeast corner town called darjeeling standing face face mount everest highest peak travelling fast caravan days darjeeling family pigeons reached village dentam ten thousand feet sea level height american mountain alps snow india tropics himalayas thirty degrees north equator snow line commence ten thousand feet jungle foot hills abounding animals cold september denizens migrate southward let give slight picture setting house stone mud overlooked small valleys tea grown serried ridges stuck harsh majestic curves valleys full rice fields maize fruit orchards rose dark evergreen clad precipices reared thousands feet pure white ranges kanchinjinga peak makalu everest ranges flush dawn looked white light grew brightness sun rose higher peak peak defined horizon piercing middle sky poured flood crimson light blood benediction
soon reached gay neck tried put cage glad fought shy cage getting late gave lentils eat middle meal seeing deeply absorbed eating effort grab hand frightened poor bird flew noise flight brought mother eagle recess nest looked beak quivering wings opening flight jungle noises stilled sailed felt gay neck suddenly shadow fell thought eagle pouncing rested moment receded fright flew driven sheer terror course sight convinced lost gay neck ghond insisted find bird decided wait spend night apace sought shelter pines morning told ghond young eagles fly concluded eagles give children lessons flight eaglets ready parents leave parent eagle re visit nest night children gave hope return withdrew part home proved memorable night
ago rat beautiful tail horse sweeping hairs days hunbatz wizard lived dark forest side big river days things animals larger smaller deer seen stone showed tail dog rabbit tail furry tail cat land hunter lasso arrow failed sons beautiful look brave heart stout quick foot brothers worked play ball sing throwing ball higher birds fly singing brought wild things hear living creature able run swiftly brothers birds outrace brothers grown father thought home chose place farther side forest told clear days forest remember vast place sunlight pierced roots trees ropes jungle stretched miles miles tangle thick monkey barely squeezing
daughter sea shell king taught grow coloured cotton silky cloud hair beautiful creature seen walked air sweet wonderful perfume birds sang joy throats burst slim drooping ferns nodded welcome story beauty goodness maiden ran land young sought hand wide suitors set week gathered young display powers gifts clevernesses shoot bow cast lasso singers sang songs musicians played flutes slender boughs bent listen gifts brought rare stones cut shapes birds animals flowers touched heart princess gracious king evil creature witch ruled land land shaking mud sea shell king driven worry set boundary guards watch night prevent mischief spent cave coming night prowl boundary moon tlapa king rags maconahola king glad age creeping king sought wise brave rule place
sad heart maconahola built shelter branches leaves wandered living company dog footsore thin creature hungry weak thorn torn maconahola took washed tended shared meal poor meal small berries drops tree gum roots morning stream bathe dog follow return vast astonishment found front house field growing corn food plants grown hour evening full gladness dog walked full enjoyment beautiful green earth thankful humming bees gentle wind moved leaves thankful living creature returned stream left dog sleeping sun found bower branches leaves transformed house furnishings simple clean bright glorious flowers fruits trees birds sang humming birds looking flashing emeralds darted leaves heart full joy thankfulness river turned hid house watch saw wonder dog threw skin stood beautiful maiden known king daughter
natalia tried rise heart stone found happened slept witch stroked combed hair wrought magic girl hair grown rock close turn head stretch arms saw luis called piteously luis move stood arms wide feels wall dark moving hands natalia wept understanding knowing witch bound luis spell invisible wall rock pass try heard witch singing high cracked voice sang valley pebble sown valley wild winds moan mortals valley cool white valley winter night children straight shaft mark cold dark children ceased stood root finger upraised voice white owl took song saying things dark things save light torch red flame starlight moment owl ceased hill glint light pale moon rose sound thunderclap witch melted rock owl flapped heavily
morning pretty flower morning humming bird honey certainly plenty help thank return hear seeing abroad love told things wish tell beautiful dress wondered saw flashing past let think believe heard mouse mouse busy colibri mouse dull gray florecilla mouse mud dear humming bird wrong mud dull gray won stop humming moment think ah panther dear dear colibri worse panther say heard wrong mouse mud panther sweet honey glad find tell pretty dress yes forgot thinking honey think remember perfectly paloma dove told yesterday night remember tale tell forget humming birds gray heard
morning matters worse el stretched floor fire full size seeing dame called food making noise windows shook cries heard village eat house woman told tale neighbours asking help advice house flocking look strange creature stout hearted fellow told el high going hearing ugly thing shrieked wicked laughter bring food looking red eyes bring food say eaten leave bring child food food twenty bring armadillo roasted pig large goose eggs milk twenty cows slow amuse wait care manner amusement small likelihood amusement breaking things house tables benches pots ollas sad havoc woman house started house door smashing doors windows tearing flowers roots chasing milk goats chickens setting dogs fight cease mischief meal set leaped crammed throat fearful haste leaving bone crumb
saw chance tree fallen end rested water lake end turned stone thing saw farther side lake bed blue black clay colour colour shell sea crab thought talk lads deftly fashioning clay sea crab seen dragged lake straight tree trunks laid side side tree end stick turned stone soon touched water rest tree changing slowly night wrought making crab setting sloping tree trunks morning broke set finished gray dawn set place zipacna dwelt band lad left hiding rock tussock thornbush tree hid fifty hundred hundred left balanque hunapu bright eyes foot hill bright eyes sat hunapu crouched shoulder hill stood band hidden fell balanque place met woman fell making outcry calling zipacna rattling sword shield merrily
rairu happiest mortals cast casket treasure finding worthy bethought gourd thing carved adorned excellent skill cleaned grain dust set ground side clean place silver stepped resting lightly bed light green moss rairu taking cover gourd look gaze delight eyes silver looking gourd sound melting music entrancing sound rairu felt part things part heavens stars sun moon forest animals birds trees pools part night strange things silver told rairu things found sad telling took eyes thought things look things hid dark places roofs dividing aching memory rairu pondering awhile laughed telling sword sever thread bound silver told rairu visited sky season rairu willing
called singing dancing bearing flowers birds animals skipping flying calling silence fell saw golden prince eyes grave told gentle capa seen capa stood side prince sang sad song knew evil side dark forest hearts gentle heavy heart golden prince prince told chose arm lead fight yellow faced say learned fight hurt bring death turn bring death turn animals turn walk land things avoid hide things earth bright shining things leave wish play hide boxes stones picked handful diamonds rubies emeralds gold dust poured hand cascade fell bright dazzling sunlight fearing gentle folk looked doubt minds
midst untidy desk feet spattered square green blotting paper pewter inkstand perfect snow bank bills papers heaped nearby weighting pile scribbled sheets conch shell seen handsomer reminder light shine curving sides thinking island south seas adventures befell store mantelpiece model sailing vessel square rigged glass bottle sails trimmed gilding fine diana kate sailed boston harbor tonight swiss music box begin play warning strange sit listen tinkles roses mignonette waltz precise gaiety days isabella van rensselaer rest danced tune monsieur select salon young ladies gentlemen washington square scarcely block sit today skyscrapers street shops ship bottle music box think likely quill pen gave idea writing story pen belongs pewter inkstand quills fashion today whalebones ladies dresses poke bonnets girls
grew hopeful sound key turning lock sexton making midweek rounds began hopeful catch attention lay hidden pew hemmed footstool bible unable lift finger help say unable lift finger confess peddlar seen fit give hand thumb rest left solid piece mitten rely feet pegged legs denied luxury knees exerting powers clumsy motion upper pegs fastened body decided thing raised lowered times clump clump clump startled noise thumping boards floor sound echoed church positively terrifying manner heard sexton give smothered exclamation drop broom clatter ran church bumping pews hear muttering scared sort maybe ghost maybe takin chances discomfort feel thrill pride wooden feet produce effect fortunately phoebe preble keeping secrets
squaws moccasins beads blankets raspberries noticed spruce roots watched filling woven baskets thought looked fat kind brown untidy hair papoose slung bright eyes looked blanket woodchuck peering hole sunset padded trees full baskets thought andy phoebe began grow worried sun dropped lower lower trees sky full bright clouds companies sea gulls flying cow island sunset wings moved beautiful proper company felt suddenly bereft small feel happened quickly clear idea actually heard distant cawings afternoon vaguely aware crows nearby trees crows plenty round preble house thought raucous caw caw till sounded alarmingly head felt curious blackness settling knew night sky pink blackness heavy warm
leak sprung force waves breaking bows le partly water crew ordinarily slept snatch winks sleep allowed cabin part ship dry wet struggles overhead notice inches water underfoot caught sight jeremy bill buckle special cronies spent dripping give nod grin pleasantry tell gathered trying wring wet soaked jackets strong gust wind feel diana kate shiver force sound horrid ripping splintering makes terrified think quiet antique shop noise hurrying feet deck cracking captain preble bellowing commands voice sounded bigger cricket chirping tumult cut boys shouting let topsail saw lounging cabin leap feet staggering companionway wavering light oil lamp pale phoebe mother grown started place bunk clung child hand falling happened mother going sink phoebe cried seeing fright face
thick black smoke rose hung amidships queer umbrella night light fires dull red glow added heat oiliness aboard worked continuously hours rest push captain preble explained eat supper nights later hands stiff cutting scarcely hold knife fork andy pressed service mincing carrying proudly stripped waist rest trousers rolled knees face black oil smoke blue eyes looked strange midst red hair topping stranger phoebe allowed venture try works father firm gettin underfoot maybe scalded told took place barrel head yards watch relieved nearer desire find swimming boiling try pots easily slipped piece blubber scarcely whale turned oil occasion school sighted took towed ship strange enormous gray bulks anchored nearby small flags fastened irons show property couple whaling vessels arrived grounds
heard captain issuing orders bill buckle began stowing things boat minute expected turn return keg larger shouted moment spare flames higher tall suddenly began shoot sides try works wrap nearer mast waited watched disappear side boat knowing hope saved impossible believe abandoned fate saw boats pulling figures andy blue shirt jeremy checkered red white mrs preble gray beaver bonnet bear save sure saw phoebe point ship knew gesture meant moment hope stirred boats continued steadily soon smoke hung thick ship shut sight feel destruction hand power save mountain ash wood midst roaring furnace furnace diana kate fast heat grew intense moment flames climbing rigging swiftly sailor able ascend
distance harbor child tired bill took pity decided give ride took arms soon jogging comfortably crowds brown afforded fine view bill shoulder miss passing position fortunate felt content case reason sure happened think steady motion bill strides added hot excitement proved phoebe head dropped lower lower till rested bill shoulder fast asleep home bed bill buckle strode carrying easily bundle bazaars dangled phoebe hand hung shoulder precarious position knew realize actual danger till felt slipping hold vain effort steer bill buckle attract attention help fell free flat face unknown gutter stones hard fall unexpected lay daze wooden frame shivered impact thick foreign mud rendered senseless
realized noticed unable move single peg express joy beg rescue plight providence power mountain ash wood intervened heard lady saying sure indian doll william look expression hair home declare familiar look agreed think getting thankful thinking lady growing home doll play suppose added dirty able remedy answered smile think souls wash clean sins thought lady interested appearance meant say important matter believe restoring proper place doll baptizing hymn singing speak hindoo language soon bargaining took fears hindoo accept sum offered finally handed lady wrapped handkerchief leper mood criticize submitted grace scrubbing soap water endured
conducted large room completely filled girls ballooning frocks gay sashes looked flock tropical butterflies thought bright bows starched ruffles lacy pantalettes shining curls enchanted sight idea charming manner appearance mistaken underwent shock party faith human nature sooner grown girls gathered began pass remarks thankful appearance mine tittered whispered things hands reassuring meant real harm certainly feel ease midst dress india certainly pert young miss flowered dimity makes freckles asked peering rudely don wear curls ruffles skirts thankful led fancy perfect detail feel sorry trying ordeal unequal answering jibes continued stare children strange animals claws fallen blame felt relieved caught sight began poke fun appearance
england snow wrapped pennsylvania country side louisa looked vision low rounded hills groups white powdered pine trees winding valleys black line showed water ran smooth glittering slopes stretched patches woodland eyes brisk young mother sat tall window looked abroad whiteness louisa winter deep drifted biting massachusetts winter louisa later gentle soft coldness grass green sheltered places snow slopes broken upthrusting laurel bushes clumps honeysuckle lost summer leaves hour door open window hear burst children voices laughter school bronson alcott school small pupils going home troop past walk plump german girls fat flaxen braids quaker boys roundabout jackets chattering sight enlivened sight energy louisa jump wriggle plunge mother arms anxious quiet older sister anna playing decorously hearth rug abba alcott mother look broad garden cedar fence heaped decorated white beautiful snow cedar turn light lamp bronson coming school ended
saw big pillared plantation houses squat whitewashed cabins housed slaves saw teams mules jingling bells driver riding nigh leader guiding single rein saw wide cotton fields negroes working singing warmed chilly huge fire stumps gather rounds toting baskets heads cotton shed money prospered grew extravagant spent proceeds single season clothes home set prospered finally fell ill fever ague nursed thin weak kneed hospitable quakers norfolk strict england belief shocked lack religious interest planters comforted satisfied quiet righteousness quakers home penniless full memories experience amply repaid toil put small boy newly master reading lent copy pilgrim progress book fired spirit imagination power words describe loved intense devotion fundamental part children education sort satisfy completely walk days stopping conversations
mother busy hour teaching bronson school charge music small louisa set boston account general experience newcomers boston begin losing louisa exception wandered narrow street light ignoring fact remember home played ragged children delight caressed passing alley cats smiled gaily strangers rambled finally grew weary child fallen panic finding wanted home louisa merely sat entry rest fell comfortably asleep head shoulder big friendly dog twilight awoke dismay booming voice coming dusk bell ringing town crier proclaiming lost girl pink dress green morocco shoes talking louisa wondered heard recital sudden inling truth magnificient officer city boston talking overcome lifted small voice called evening darkness common favorite haunt frog pond tall trees mirrored calm water unending joy
louisa watched father thin faced clear eyed sat rosy light shining mild countenance saw partaking share quietly solemnly spell food mark beginning experiment undertaking according belief finer place dwell live perfect show lived perfectly ate dream abba moved intent fact actually arrived bundles kettles blankets confusion eyes children falling shut weariness driving fresh clean air baby called baby actually asleep elizabeth plump nearly big dark eyes anna drooping louisa longer wide awake alert father put plate spoke embarking earnest conversations part place discussion things sun began fable appeal small members household carry meaning louisa heard final message tale open air brought expected end led blind sudden sleepiness bed
stood kitchen heard strange sound brick oven cooking stoves open fires means preparing food usual large chimney space fire bricked oven iron door wonderful cooking ovens kinds bread baked successfully louisa knew noise baking bread curiosity possessed opened door peeped face looked black face gaunt wild desperate hunted animal jumped slammed door ran mother abba told whisper hidden oven contraband louisa say seen house knew presence talk fear overheard contraband runaway slaves managed slip plantations south freedom win getting canada sympathized willing hide fugitives pass place reach safety caught carried chains floggings benefactors liable law concealing laws broken actual climax slavery quarrel matter fugitive slaves sore point north south
leaving fruitlands dwelt months river later short concord house friend glad help extremity finally moved boston abba bronson looked support family suggestion unfailing friend emerson help returning concord reside house actually belonged settling permanent plan living decided house hillside known wayside big wooden dwelling surrounded buildings sheds wheel wrights shop barn mrs alcott vigorous enterprise barn moved side road shop cut half attached end house small wings room louisa treasures write read whatsoever liked door garden run trees fancy seized desired place house doors settling table read lamp low sitting room rap send member family flying separate door admit arriving friend deal flurry fluttering household sat evening moving
summer family fell ill smallpox caught destitue emigrants begging gate mrs alcott brought garden fed abba alcott bronson ill girls slightly anna louisa nursed parents desperate days help neighbor doctor unquenchable family survived ordeal despair bitterness girded face city proper growing girls especially restricted grubbing forced lead smallpox experience alcotts left uncle house took place high street abba school bronson lectures anna louisa taught elizabeth seventeen housekeeping angel cellar kitchen louisa speaks resentment rebellion moved finally pinckney street mrs alcott boarders home children bronson journey west lecture boarders pay apt play feelings kind hearted landlady finances low hopes built lecturing famous incident night cold february bronson returned home late chilled tired travel rushed hug embrace ply comforts rejoice return flurry suddenly silence waiting
pathetic think faith poor toiling louisa hard threatening shadow house returned boston hope teach invalid alice news met needed cheering lose heart boarding house mrs reed arranged attic room return sew number hours find merely roof head search employment unusually disheartening things happened cheer cousin lizzie wells gave tickets course lectures riches louisa opportunites open practical cousin appended gift present coat lectures exceedingly thoughtful addition cousin procured louisa pass theater revelled high dramatic moments beacon street teach alice sewing sale stories began feel safely independent matter busy managed find teach mission sunday school call settlement alcott beliefs matter poor person louisa homesick
hillside days boy midst game party kissed anna louisa raged stormed impertinence forever spoke unfortunate youth scorn kissing approved custom alcotts raged manner wanted anna happy liked john pratt families separate lamented continually bitterly anna hearing cousin lizzie wells rescue louisa distracted mood carried visit boston stay lousia put execution laid plan determined real definite effort stage money earned slowly sewing writing pursuit humdrum adventure excitement applause reap financial rewards sounded dazzling golden beloved friend father doctor winship introduction manager barry barry repaired asked give place trial let requested comedy manager looked attentively tall girl big mouth brilliant eyes mass wavy chestnut hair features beautiful expression lighted face striking lively looked failed strong character earnest purpose burned dark eyes
going fly vern asked junior answer body getting ready actually feel strength seeping arms wings actually part bird junior climbed barn allowed vern tie wings inched edge roof felt body actually getting ready participate strength flowed arms tongue flicked dry lips going vern voice heavy scorn wants stand beg maggie give afternoon giving trailed knew past experience impossible predict junior actually junior going stuntman grew things prove red hill car apple crate skates bye red hill junior called letting wave times pretended going white run falls inflated garbage bag arm sure vern waited boredom tried blow bubble gum gum days vern going chew solid week chewing rubber band
wait desperate perch atop barn junior watched wait guys wait cried wait brother sister disappeared trees junior heart sank stone heart felt low wanted put hand chest sure actually dropped stomach chest supposed wings police car sight driving stretch pine trees creek junior heard rattle boards car drove slowly board bridge black crows called warning flew trees barn glided close junior hear rush wings suddenly panic junior swirled dived door loft wings stopped sill fell cry frustration fear began tearing wings trying grab cloth covered hands wings actually part body wouldn move string teeth pulled hard loose tooth waiting notice brother vern tied knots spit vern coming loose vern knew talking arms junior begged wings beginning cry desperate hornets able outrun
horror fell barrrrrn wailed flung pillow barn junior twisted head side side miserable speak barn making rooster er er err boy flapped arms sides junior nodded dumb misery pain playing rooster kidding incredible wasn playing rooster trying fly farrrrr ten feet twenty distance short junior measure hands showed boy distance feet let hands drop sides wiped tears bed sheet asked boy alderson general hospital fourth floor junior looked boy grudging admiration obviously knew thing hospitals brought operating room night eleven clock woke moaning noooooooooo nurse broke legs didn say barn pity crept junior voice wondered able say word barn wanting weep don remember junior shook head knocked ahead set legs awake don remember remember knocked doctor takes big hammer hides says look quick
munuswamy schoolmaster drew big round gold watch pocket held arm length tilted head look dial lower half glasses minutes clock munuswamy nodded pleased scarcely needed watch tell school end put watch looked room peering top part glasses thirty boys varing sizes sitting cross floor apparently busy studies surely noise recited lessons aloud trying talk louder neighbor hear speak wait silent figure corner sitting hunched spread floor front raman woodcutter son reading usual lesson munuswamy frowned shook head rapped desk pointing stick hand noise room stopped suspended mid sentence including raman sat straight eyes schoolmaster munuswamy waited full silent moment announced carefully precisely school dismissed quietly boys rose filed munuswamy watched thin straight backs disappeared door break run whooping dusty bit yard surrounded schoolhouse clambering foothold foothold short steep slope road raman wait moment munuswamy spoke woodcutter son line reached door raman turned sir
stopped rest read father finished sentence buy books shook head anger voice try conceal pride eyes looked son walked raman fell step thinking plains book battle took place raman confided paused waiting father ask battle tell father merely nodded reading krishna arjuna bhishma raman eyes widened surprise don broke looked quickly embarrassed don read father tone light slight edge bitterness think son knowledge books learned stories younger raman asked curiously father learned father told storyteller hoped school learn read appa father father read family learned read school lucky raman learned father tell learned father tell learn things known
breakfast family set bazaar raman father strode ahead raman side carrying tin box raman mother vegetable basket balanced gracefully head vasanti walked carrying baby hip leading dasan hand spoke passed town faggot vendors trotting piles foot sticks heads small boys guiding herd gray buffaloes lakeside graze women baskets vegetables look dasan broken vasanti paved road ran ahead held hand raman revealing palm queer black insect touched rolled tight scaly ball size large marble raman grinned delight joined hunt today merely nodded walked lucky dasan change father romp ravine pine groves laughing playing household gather kindling sticks needed pull vegetables mornings young school anyway care care raman thought bitterly give remembered wonderful singing pride felt father announced plan send raman school
coughing spitting sound fire lit sound look forward woke rustle paper kindling diesel fuel start wood scratch match flame taking stink diesel oil filling room russel smell diesel oil hate hated father coughing morning russell heard wind carried sounds village waking meant sound snowmachine engines starting snowmachines loud scared seals fourteen russel whine wind hurt sound coughing coming hate dark house village generator turned darkness cut light oil lamp table father touched match wick flat light filled room russel looked standard government house winter house move summer fish camps later winter village stayed government houses boxes thought boxes put corner small table oilcloth table cover cloth patterned roses russel father ordered women russel mother white trapper father liked roses tablecloth
russel didn dog didn dogs oogruk dogs oogruk dogs making noise howling oogruk dogs bitten oogruk dogs gotten fight didn names meat arm large red pages thick book house light hazy light light held hours knew dark soon ice late afternoon wind light hitting village light dying winter dropping fast wind making huge drifts beach late middle winter drifts large covered houses inside put couple slivers meat pot oogruk held lamp warm question bothering russel inspired dogs decided ask dogs sled don sled oogruk nodded lean house hardwood sea strength deer meat heating lamp oogruk holding flame corded arm wire arm let breath nose counting summers winters age hunted guns remember russel seated legs sticking straight leaning wall
needed dog team harnesses size put tugs small ivory toggles tie set snowhook pulled gangline front sled stopped run team seen mushers races distance race village knew things look took lead dog chain growled raised hair tightened grip paid attention snarl dog held russel drag gangline dogs run oogruk earlier run stranger earn respect earn run leader turned shoulder curve meant threat curve meant attack lifted lip russel open challenge russel cuffed head stiff hand dog growled took cut russel leg russel hit dog harder thing happened thing trance oogruk leaned head top leader head growled dog growl meant finished curved head dog head knowing sure bit hard bridge dog nose leader growled flashed teeth quickly backed end
stood ridge land ran upwards northwest rounded sleeping animal animal muscles rippled beneath dense fur spruce pine poplar ahead left forest lay thick solid haze fort assiniboine quiet fire road air cold clean sky freshness piercing transparent blue green forever mike felt yelling loud triumph clean outwitted lot thinking marvellous scary wrong head let feeling bit drunk judgement remember learned forestry conservation gun club doug doug dad wished small pang regret dad felt bush shared late mike reasoned dad insisted coming things walked steps brow hill deep crimped pattern tires running downhill road hoped snow soon skiff dust pickup tread marks sign didn exist
boy sure lucky doug told fifteenth birthday saw stereo tape deck parents present cost mint guess mike didn think money plenty supposed kind splendid gift maybe child going put favourite cuts tapes parties don thanks doug freckled face split cheerful grin mike knew bought small cassette player money saved dishwashing job part mom help doug oldest kids born walking looked set stairs doug stood shoulder shoulder dad mother fitted jonathan judy complained shrinking daily serves feeding growing food doug night mike stayed dinner chili apple pie expect midgets maybe put bread water slow bit threatened ladling stew bowls big bath baby mike loved reilly clan curly haired wide grinned freckled doug sue ann fact dog mutt grin hairy sort beast freckles visible
mike straight afternoon auxiliary dinner plaza home late steaks meat locker mrs holden salad desert look fridge don father home don wait dinner bed early look tired going straight game hospital sidetracked mike homework hungry worrying game spoiled appetite lunch real breakfast remembered heated frying pan unwrapped steaks smell hit hot pan mouth water laid single place kitchen table filled salad bowl poured glass milk flipped steak turned small tv kitchen counter mrs holden wouldn tv kitchen watched paying attention antics million dollar steak super halfway felt couldn eat mouthful shovelled remains guiltily garbage bad mother shouldn dogs city rinsed dishes stacked dishwasher room comfortably messy liked lifted rifle rack desk fingered lovingly stock dark wood smooth silky curved comb fitted shoulder cheek exactly held window sighted slim blued barrel imagined whitetail buck antler spread sixty centimeters tines symmetrically north american trophy record
summer breeze virginia coast small weak whiten caps waves sky overhead seagulls dipped swooped vain fish sought descended cooler depths nameless ship wallowed sluggish swells yard sail progress slow grumbling board certainly crew reason murmur voyage promised rip roaring adventures taverns waterfront orange trees tropics coming shabby end provisions water low stench vessel hold unbearable hundred dead creatures tortured chains gasping food drink human slaves captured spaniard reason think shame wretchedness cargo disturbed crew ship grumbling deck reasons board breath cool fresh air colonists jamestown alarmed approaching vessel spanish ship coming attack daring settle land claimed king spain bad adequate defense double rows cannon saw sticking advancing gunports tighter grip muskets whisper prayers wait ship drew nearer fears settlers gradually allayed saw closer inspection cannons rolled crew armed
modern heard watussi beginning present century explorer count gustav adolf von goetzen mountain barriers surround country unusual hard imagine astonishment count discovery nation dark princes elegant slender beautifully garbed feet tall true anthropologist watussi descendants rich cattle owners upper egypt migrated empire pharaohs moved escape famine strife seek greener pastures prize herds adventure makes difference important point journey brought lake victoria rwanda region central africa climate moderate healthful soil rich countryside beautiful neighboring inhabitants gentle friendly early history study customs traditions superstitions taboos believe hard understand neighboring tribes section congo impressed meek peace loving bahutu feet tall dressed lordly beautiful watussi looked god knee high pygmies result eighty thousand watussi today princes governors nobles chiefs ruling million lowly bahutu farmers herdsmen served uncounted number batwa pygmies hunters bodyguards personal servants sculptured watussi giants
egyptians mixed considered mulattos american definition moved ahead faster ethiopians black chance later result invasion egypt barbarous tribes known hyksos hyksos overran nation egyptians fled land ethiopian cousins refuge true rulers scholars leading royal families egypt ethiopia intermarried period result member ethiopian families eventually raised army ethiopian soldiers liberated egypt according herodotus ethiopian soldiers era war clothed leopard lion skins bows stems palm leaves cubits length arrows reed end iron pointed stone carving seals carried javelins armed horns antelopes pointed worked iron lance head clubs full knots battle rubbed half body chalk half vermilion egyptian star began rise began series efforts ethiopia part egyptian empire frequently egypt armies able completely overcome ethiopia ethiopia conquered egypt ruled country century period ethiopia took egyptian civilization passed semitic folk east migrated ethiopia kinds met mingled fact arabs started calling inhabitants abyssinians word arabic mens mixed ethiopians called past thousand
letter written governor haiti shows number negroes working island eleven columbus voyage hundred colonists landed jamestown englishmen sir john hawkins attracted slave business british colonies trade spanish settlements customers french dutch danes handled trade demand eventually british slave business european nations put british caught transported sold africians french delivering portuguese dutch danes colonies south america west indies north america begging strong black boys flavored women girls sailing fleets european nations contending business fighting high seas bound wild excitement guinea coast big hunting season africa village surrounded night slaver armed guns hide trees safe distance number set fire sleeping village frightened folk tried escape flames caught slavers hurried factories beach offshore ships waiting pious christian commander antam gonslaves sir john hawkins descend wickedness stealing human beings selling slavery sleep black deeds minds
diseases frightened hardened slavers appeared called ophthalmia wrath angry god guilty ships struck spared child bound free captain crew likely infected chains reason panic aboard slave began trouble eyes captains took throwing overboard captive showed symptom considered reasonable measure stood lose cargo total blindness final result plague blind slave blind crew member captain matter method fighting ophthalmia didn disease continued spread spite terrible preventive horror ophthalmia seen vividly case french slaver le rodeur sailed africa hundred sixty slaves slaves showed spirit revolt early part voyage captain le rodeur ordered confined lower hold rest trip short daily exercise period deck allowed ophthalmia hit ship spread rapidly unnoticed result complete confinement measure slaver isolate sufferers curing sick efforts resulted spread disease soon captive aboard infected crew members trouble eyes
complication bothered island aristocracy growing numbers influence social groups colony poor whites called petit blancs known free color hommes de couleur libre poor whites consisted unsuccessful fortune hunters stranded adventurers scattered pirate crews wandering portrait painters circus performers shop keepers exiles free color mainly mulatto offspring planter nobility slave mistresses groups equal size included times ruling class planters ten thousand colony greatest prosperity social groups held thumbs planter group top simple means artistocrats set told poor whites fortunate white hungry ignorant mistreated told matter downtrodden console remembering white color poor argument sound convincing planters gave poor whites political rights denied mulattoes enable threat real rulers island free color planters effct oppose poor whites blame sound believeable point general prosperity mulatto class free color compared poor whites
phillis wheatley born senegal west coast africa captured brought america slave ship personal servant mrs susannah wheatley wife boston tailor john wheatley happened household slaves servant master human beings warm friendship grew parties phillis family mary wheatley daughter mrs susannah helped dark child learn read phillis composing verses charmed astonished read wheatleys kind hold sensitive young artist phillis bondage wasted arranging freedom delicate african girl remained befriended england care nathaniel wheatley son family phillis health days doctor advised wheatleys sea voyage help phillis success london seventeen girl childhood marred horrors slave ship writing poems reminded poems alexander pope twenty wit grace modest ways won friends abroad countess huntingdon lord mayor london elegant folio copy paradise lost brook watson lord mayor presents bestowed londoners important presents noble patronage publication england book poems subjects
dreamy young coachman twenty feet tall thought carefully need eleven hundred start meet brook miles richmond night september divide columns command dependable officer march city richmond population thousand days gabriel convinced eleven hundred moving swiftly column approached assigned seize penitentiary building recently converted arsenal contained thousand muskets column left instructed powder house weapons provided columns gabriel hands fire arms think hindrance success assignments depend speed surprise fire power clubs job thought silently overpower guards darkness possession column ordered hit town things divide enter richmond ends attack general population sparing believed friendly naturally start arms sort guns secured advance cutlasses knives pikes hours control richmond
free negroes spent plotting slave revolts denmark vesey didn engage antislavery agitation gustavus vassa prince hall considering subject slaveholders missed chance defend practice slavery abolished half million free color united states compared nearly million slaves lived north orleans charleston southern cities large communities free negroes important elements population especially true orleans city taxable property owned designated legal papers gens de couleur libre hommes de couleur colored americans lived slavery negroes live united states today orleans public attitude found cuba porto rico martinique south american countries rest united states produced exotic social cultural pattern preceding civil war james derham slave physician philadelphia list colored women louisiana achieved professional artistic success nineteenth century abroad opportunities needed highest marks number surprisingly home french cultural influences predominated course paris aspiring young advanced education find opportunities expression
hard think angry confused scared expect living happening teacher upset listening grandmother angry yell father understand won talk anymore mother thinks wetting bed night needing night light feel end things natural normal things happen child parents getting divorce worst children parents divorce beginning happens reasons true don idea going happen children need feel parents love want care parents trouble forgotten children frightening feeling remember care reason painful rare exceptions children love parents matter parents behave sarah jim perfectly father drunk comes home throws things yells hit mother awful moment lives love father love mother
special fear children feel born grown called fear abandonment perfectly natural feeling child babies children care born helpless grown ups didn care live grow child worries happen care feelings stronger divorce beginning fear real remember baby loved playing hide seek parents grandparents reason babies love game disappears helps fear left toddler chances cried loud parents left baby sitter reason young children cry parents leave sure reason children cry feel sad frightened nursery school start kindergarten later sleep camp fear maybe left matter warm loving parents children kind fear reason simple children need grown ups care abandoned survive
maybe living unhappy confusing times help think happens families parents stay sake children beth fifteen known parents love mother father terrible fights beth mother sick feelings tried commit suicide father told doctors divorce took beth live doctors say sickness mother feelings worse trying marriage going parents tell beth staying sake beth miserable terrible headaches sleep night trouble remembering poorly school friends feels angry sad blames happening parents divorce truth beth parents facing problems beth person say worse parents divorce kevin parents lead separate lives speak house hotel strangers sleep kevin feels walking sharp pins feels happy relaxed goes movie mother feels guilty father think siding mother
alan john problem parents told divorcing boys handled ways alan recognized happening didn want happen told parents didn want part meant told parents leave wished happy family knew parents happy settled conflict accepting decision separating john hated idea parents splitting alan chose act happening refused signs break told told shock refused accept decision refused signs part felt divorce happen saying reason parents marriage trouble kids strong feelings book feelings deal strong feelings dealing find caused reading book finding tell parents marriage trouble business alan john clues piling mother complained lot feeling lonely father talking
deeper level guilt leftover early childhood don remember felt psychologists found children important step sexual development age boys wish grow marry mommy girls wish daddy boys girls reach age realize impossible dream set business growing move childhood adulthood urge find mate stirs wish parent mate mingling feelings results influence choice boyfriends girlfriends choose girl girl married dear dad boy tall slim father especially hard giving wish trouble reminds parent reason choose traits opposite parent parents battle reawaken wish sex parent leave parent opposite sex reasonable daytime mind reject idea silly think nonsense read part frightened memory wish hidden mind causing feel guilty hear parents quarrel real problem
barbara knew trouble parents marriage plenty open battles silent troubles deeper quarrels dishes cold silences father home late barbara worried tell mother knew father drinking home saw drunk cover taking grandmother house barbara father alcoholic marriages break alcoholism marriages break problems sex alcohol drugs crime gambling violence behavior person tolerate problems marriage trouble families problem read problems chapter recognize part parents marriage troubles marriage trouble sex problems couple satisfy look sex marriage person relationship partner short night partners nature relationship sex marriage drains energy marriage society marriage agreement sex marriage partner sex marriage called adultery illegal marriage includes living sharing property raising children sexual agreement basic breaking grounds divorce united states
true nervous dreadfully nervous say mad disease sharpened senses destroyed dulled sense hearing acute heard things heaven earth heard things hell mad hearken observe healthily calmly tell story impossible say idea entered brain conceived haunted night object passion loved wronged insult gold desire think eye yes eye vulture pale blue eye film fell blood ran cold degrees gradually mind rid eye forever point fancy mad madmen seen seen wisely proceeded caution foresight dissimulation kinder week killed night midnight turned latch door opened gently
truck knees twisted neck looked underneath looked wasn hanging opened hood looked engine don engines picked working service station summer engine looked slammed hood lighted cigarette beat school bus convent sag harbor piling bend girls leaned windows yelled waved didn mean bunch kids going home bus road woods sight truck started sounded fine put gear let clutch gave gas happened sat transmission shut call store deliveries getting kind late knew lester say couldn blame wasn fault told truck house road big white house edge woods white rambler station wagon standing drive
ran straight water began swimming swimmer fast gleaming sand middle region rocks lay discolored monsters surface real sea warm sea irregular cold currents deep water shocked limbs look bay past promontory big beach floated buoyant surface looked mother speck yellow umbrella looked slice orange peel swam shore relieved sure lonely edge small cape marked side bay promontory loose scatter rocks boys stripping clothes running naked rocks english boy swam distance stone throw coast burned smooth dark brown speaking language understand craving filled body swam closer turned watched narrowed alert dark eyes smiled waved minute swum rocks smiling desperate nervous supplication
coronation splendid ceremony splendid birthday christmas presents wart prowess learned pull swords stones burghers city london asked help taking stoppers unruly bottles unscrewing taps stuck household emergencies control dog boy wat clubbed mixture distemper contained quinine absolutely priceless goat watchchain plaited beard cavall simply gave heart soul nurse forest sauvage cough mixture thirty dozen handkerchiefs marked pair combinations double chest sergeant medals preserved british museum hob lay awake agony night cully brand white leather jesses silver varvels silver bell robin marian expedition took weeks gown skins pine martens john added yew bow feet unable draw anonymous hedgehog dirty leaves fleas questing beast king pellinore put heads perfect fewmets wrapped green leaves spring golden horn red velvet baldrick
marshaled groups marched classes common sense lessons introduce young vice versa avoid wearing brown blue brown blue signified eat orange half spoon eat oranges told matter independent blind accept help sighted graciously recognizing feeling helping blind result generous impulse ernest asked restaurant served oranges halves couldn eat waitress offered feed accept help abruptly told light matters side social adjustment program concerned facial vision teaching mobility early spring totally blind students herded gymnasium asked run obstacle course plastic wooden slabs sizes weights suspended ceiling gymnasium hung low waist barely forehead slabs rotated varying speeds blind asked walk labyrinth speed bumping obstacles
mother eyed inadequate closets high narrow windows put shelves stove father trailed small kitchen children sleep room asserted standing center lightless bedroom shouted silent mother small square living room dark woodwork looked soft disintegrating coats varnish stain expect twenty dollars month complaining mother walked door car curb anxiety pain touched rest touch jenny face looking flower sun kitten cuddled played murmured affected knew jenny strange impregnability doomed inexorable days dawned turned passed swift forgotten nights jenny abandon kitten makeshift home empty lot present happiness shatter loss july early morning father friend lars arrived house truck draperies folded huge cardboard cartons covered sheets rugs rolled cylinders house echoed spoke father furious energy shouted
sunny summer afternoon sun bright ball light sky ball light bright look directly believe sun star stars look small clear night sun star stars universe sun huge ball burning gases sun center solar system closer star sun stars part huge star system galaxy called milky milky billions separate galaxies scattered nearly empty space universe separate galaxies billions stars heavenly bodies earth solar system main planets chart balls fairly solid material revolve sun solar system includes thousands small planets called asteroids main planets including earth moons recent begun explore neighbors solar system soviet union united states number spacecraft find mars venus planets spacecraft carried human beings cameras devices collect information send earth
trip airplane remember excitement felt plane left airport runway began climbing high air flying miles earth surface cities farms forests window looked wide area clear able miles km earth large height small part surface late able small part earth important change place united states nations kinds spacecraft earth spacecraft carried astronauts carried cameras scientific equipment spacecraft launched traveled earth journeyed moon planets mars venus spacecraft thousands miles space view earth picture page shows view earth space picture united states spacecraft known ats iii picture spacecraft miles km earth study picture page notice earth surface hidden clouds
gomez family flew mexico city flew san francisco left plane find mexico city globe page find san francisco mrs gomez jobs san francisco anita manuel sad happy sad leave mexico city happy san francisco part ocean reaches land forms bay bay part ocean lake enclosed land san francisco bay ocean enter bay key help read map bridges shown map city san francisco shown north map tell find airport map photo airplane center airport airport san francisco bay find wide road airport called freeway look map page find freeway airport san francisco turn map page find freeway mrs gomez rented car car asked anita week mother car help find place live travel don car manuel asked easy father ride buses ride subway rode buses subway mexico city
leif ericson sat high ship staring waves began shout excitedly young sailor dag look ahead birds maybe re heading land let lead follow leif dag guide north star guides night sun leif pleased part viking jobs dag nodded aye leif replied pulling hooded cape close cold wind ericson studied view west shouted yo ho friends land sailors ran rails cheering wildly loved sea dangerous journey happy land vikings bold lived northern europe ago find europe global map page vikings lived shores countries norway sweden denmark expert shipbuilders ships glided easily waves winds filled big sail wind died sailors row skilled sailors brave afraid fierce storms lost sea accepted problems tests courage group daring explorers wandered atlantic ocean
let flash explorers america imagination flick clock hundreds hundreds columbus earlier leif ericson suddenly beautiful eastern north america gently rolling hills pleasant valleys huge forests villages farther larger towns villages towns mound builders called mound builders included tribes native americans tribe large group speak language follow customs tribe mound builders smaller groups called bands band large family members lived village moved place hunted fished shared built mounds centuries ago century mound builder tribes spread large part america lived land present york west kansas nebraska wisconsin south gulf mexico look map united states pages find area settled mound builders mound builders built thousands mounds large number mounds survived
york city grew rapidly reason location manhattan island mouth hudson river finest harbors ships parts called port carried lumber furs grain today york city largest city united states pennsylvania settled swedish dutch later large group english called quakers settled pilgrims quakers want attend church england worshiped england trouble put prison fined large sums money king england gave william penn permission start colony penn quaker colony named pennsylvania sylvania means woodlands penn sure colonists pennsylvania freedom religion freedom laws sure native americans lived nearby treated fairly quaker settlement village named philadelphia means city brotherly love philadelphia located hundred miles km delaware river penn planned philadelphia care laid straight wide streets parks gardens philadelphia beautiful towns colonies avenues tree shaded lined neat red brick houses shining marble steps philadelphia grew shipping center ships visited docks
boone friends camp kentucky dreamed liked wooded hills green meadows trees native americans burned trees grass grow grassy meadows brought deer wild game boone party hunted animals furs skins knew furs bring price home cherokees hunting ground hundreds angry stranger killed animals needed food furs attacked boone party took furs skins leader cherokees warned leave boone leave months explored kentucky found rich soil grow crops dreamed leading settlers frontier boone knew easy settle kentucky dense wilderness roads towns cities native americans lived region fight protect lands settlers hard full dangers frontier atlantic coast wilderness earliest settlers lived land dangers hardships land colonists stayed passed settled coast thousands europe
shoshoni lived west mississippi nomadic moved place place looked grass horses food ate seeds roots fish small animals lived small groups winter food summer dances ceremonies celebrate season plant animal grass woman shoshoni eleven shoshoni gathering roots berries suddenly loud shrieks filled air enemy group captured shoshoni children grass woman grass woman worked hard home treated daughter french fur trader visit bought grass woman took live mandans mandans lived northern part plains shown map page built villages earth covered homes missouri river page raised corn beans squash tobacco rich soil traded farm products buffalo hides meat horses kinds goods mandans gave grass woman called sacajawea means bird woman sacajawea learned robes buffalo hides clothing moccasins deer skins found herbs roots barks medicines sacajawea learned native american languages
santa fe surprising visitors zebulon pike party explorers guards saw nearby thought explorers spies let united states zebulon pike grown wilderness country father army officer serving west appalachians young zeb called liked living frontier edge wilderness native americans lived fifteen joined united states army began serve father july army pike explore lands farther west learn arkansas red rivers find source twenty soldiers doctor group pike earlier trips asked pike traveled plains grasslands stretched explorers saw buffalo antelope grazing saw thousands prairie dogs osage pawnee villages gave horses told mountain cross served feast trace pike route map page party reached arkansas river winter set river rough boats tipped lot supplies lost
country began trade ago trade exchange goods services countries buy goods france turn french money buy goods countries trade country thirteen colonies traded britain countries europe traded islands west indies colonists won independence formed united states trade countries days united states exported raw materials timber cotton tobacco exports goods country country early days united states factories imported manufactured goods imports goods brought country american farms turned products americans needed products exported american factories goods exported united states afford buy goods wanted sugar grown united states drank tea coffee needed raw materials factories united states began import goods trade helps united states fourth farm products exported tenth american workers depend exports living american manufacturers need imports tin comes lands imports needed produce aluminum steel fifteen raw materials imported telephones
human rights include chance active part government chief part voting vote today citizens vote reach age young help choose leaders vote laws easy hard vote past laws states hard voters states fairly easy citizens register sign vote serving public office political frances perkins woman serve president cabinet president franklin roosevelt chose secretary labor shirley chisholm black woman serve congress elected representative york barbara jordan black woman elected house representatives texas active civil rights leader nellie tayloe ross governor wyoming woman governor elected husband governor died term special election held mrs ross elected place ella grasso elected governor connecticut mrs grasso member legislature women governors replaced husbands mrs grasso woman elected
patience worn thin complained benjamin franklin waiting letter expected weeks ago bad news replied franklin friend franklin mail york reach philadelphia weeks mail system colonies slow depend write newspaper friend ben mail system won change charge franklin chuckle printer expert mail ben friend replied ideas things months benjamin franklin postmaster philadelphia improvements city mail system ideas places earliest colonists mail ships brought letters england send mail colony colony send mail town times travelers hunters carried mail traveler letter going leave inn inn weeks traveler carried copies important letters times surely copy arrive days postage stamps letters collect traveler collect small amount money person getting letter
tennessee valley includes parts states area drained tennessee river branches find valley map large valley rain ago forests covered floor valley nearby hills mountains roots trees shrubs held soil farmers town builders chopped trees rains fell water raced slopes bad floods damaged farmlands towns racing water washed soil loss soil called erosion poor crops grow thin soil left norris dam built conserve protect valley rich natural resources dam job government began building dams rivers tennessee valley tennessee valley authority tva charge today dams store water prevented floods forests planted farmers ways farming prevent erosion plow hillsides rain trapped furrows method called contour plowing tva dams supply electric power comes power plants built dams low cost power led growth industry tennessee valley tva helped shipping tennessee river deepened boats travel knoxville boats move tennessee carrying grain coal iron steel
meat animals market corn belt loaded trucks stock cars freight train rushed stockyards large stockyards region found kansas city st louis milwaukee omaha cities heart busy farming area smaller stockyards cities corn belt stockyards cattle hogs driven packing plants prepared market meat canned ham bacon preserved ways meat sold fresh refrigerator trucks railroad cars carry meat parts nation meat industry part animal earn living making goods hides bones fat hides leather shoes belts suitcases leather goods bones ground fertilizer fat making soap corn belt soybean belt part soybean stalks fed farm animals plants cut plowed soil enrich crop harvested beans factory oil pressed beans soybean oil margarine cooking oil oil making paints soap product soybeans added candy breads oil removed rest bean ground meal
washington named honor president george washington picture appears flag washington pioneers marcus narcissa whitman read missionaries earlier george bush black pioneer known helped newcomers start gave food farm alaska forty ninth part country nearly ninety earlier european alaska danish sea captain vitus bering claimed russia country hired map page shows close alaska russia bering sea bering strait named explorer strait narrow channel water connects larger bodies water russians built fur trading posts alaska successful russia lost interest offered sell alaska united states country bought american flag raised sitka alaska capital oregon washington alaska miles seacoast oregon rugged coast famous beauty travelers coastal highway enjoy grand views pacific rocky cliffs washington western coast faces pacific northern shores look strait waterway leads puget sound front porch number washington cities find puget sound map northwest states alaska seacoast alaska giant peninsula
argentina south america largest country capital chief city buenos aires find argentina buenos aires map northern argentina fertile plain called gran chaco hot rainy summers change plains steamy swamps hot rainless winters burn grasses dry streams cotton sugar cane grown parts gran chaco south west wide plains called pampa stretch miles km west buenos aires mild climate fertile soil argentina crops grown pampa wheat corn alfalfa flax fields spread areas flax seeds crushed linseed oil oil making paint products millions cattle raised pampa argentina exports beef country cattle raising argentina oldest industry dates days early spanish colonists cowhands argentina known gauchos patagonia south high dry windy plateau extends south strait magellan large sheep ranches region argentina leader producing sheep wool west pampa north patagonia dry plains extend west andes fertile soil drier pampa irrigated crops grown rich plains water brought mountain streams
crops raised include wheat corn oats flax montevideo capital chief seaport industrial center uruguay live city meat packing plants flour mills textile mills tanneries tannery place hides treated leather montevideo vacation resort bolivia called land sky find bolivia map country named simon bolivar fourths live high plateau andes mountains half bolivians native americans mestizos half bolivia covered low plains plains growing crops farmers live plateau climate cold dry grow crops chief potatoes kinds potatoes raised cattle sheep pigs llamas raised llamas cousins camels feet cm tall humps camels llamas water llamas mountains south america sturdy pack animals climb steep mountain trails trains llamas goods markets animal carry load pounds kg llamas ways thick coats sheared spun yarn yarn woven cloth hides sandals
cars began race york paris cars adventures drove drove deserts mountains traveled storms bad weather stop fix cars times roads poor roads mud german team large hill pushed car giant protos hill easy soon car top roll side captain car heavy mud thick push car hill americans thomas cross river saw boat boat drove thomas boat boat quickly water thomas took car river hans hansen french team chosen north country leader later learned hansen knew north country didn drive scarfoglio leader italian team woke shouted wake hours going driver woke looked wheels car think longer stolen tires americans finally drove paris excited end adventure half months police officer stopped shouted haven turned lights
laura took stick brook satisfied won tug war laid stick rock felt found stone throw water stone felt smooth rubbed cheek thought lovely going throw slipped dress pocket home put treasures gathered walks uncle asa laura began feel stone nice throw brook found rough piece granite threw direction knew water lay wondered hit water found large rock let drop directly laura smiled cold water splashed legs knew surely hit water uncle asa pulled laura arm knew meant start home noticed sun feel warm earlier afternoon nearing suppertime uncle asa helped warm rock sitting narrow path cows brook wagon road uncle asa led held blackberry brambles guided laura carefully guide laura blind blind nearly died scarlet fever
soon laura doors uncle asa begun taking excursions short farm walks carried laura part grew stronger friends able farther farther explorations uncle asa knew tell laura seeing going let telling visited brook winter let laura walk ice feel hard cold feet brook found stick let feel wildly rushing water pull walked bridgman farm late lovely uncle asa saw tell laura spring hampshire big mother robin sitting high apple tree orchard side road shouting cheerio cheer cheerily loud fat father robin standing road ahead tugging plump worm wet wagon rut father robin flew straight tree mother robin singing disappeared blossom covered branches course laura hear things
uncle asa caught funny slippery creatures brook warm wiggled kicked laura learned hold frogs tightly jump hands tightly jump course laura names things birds rabbits frogs knew things bird laura hands frightened crouched breathing heavily longer flapping wings laura feel bird claws curled fingers felt beak peck hands afraid put cheek close soft moment feel downy feathers skin laura feel softness uncle asa hear mother father robin uttering worried cries tree decided return baby bird nest taking bird laura climbed tree put thank bird sure laura loved holding loved held laura home mother father feed wagon road walked friends hill bridgman farm
ill informed scribblers astonished ben fund information brilliant decisions knowledge asked told closest friend adviser say part responsible success fame wish claim simply hope justice credit credit due ben undoubtedly splendid fellow patriot undeniably stupid times true story judge oldest twenty children parents naming alphabet amos bathsheba claude daniel babies xenophon ysobel zenas lived vestry christ church street philadelphia paneling number mouths feed naturally prosperous family fact poor poor church mice hard winter things desperate winter remembered severity night night poor father tired wet sack practically empty driven eating prayer books gave took minister sermons final straw prayer books tough sermons oldest fitting help left provided
twenty heat room open stuck hole wall fireplace amos interrupts excited idea couldn move fire middle room put iron smoke objected pipe curled nap didn ben rushed downstairs armful junk dumped floor slept doormouse trips big pile things scraps iron tin wire couple warming pans iron oven flatirons pot lids wire birdcage anvil saws hammers pincers files drills nails screws bolts bricks sand broken sword drew sort plan clatter chance nap helped picking nuts screws tools dropped glasses ben fair terror interested noon stopped bit rest looked didn look bad considering shaped small fireplace set legs iron doors front smoke pipe running fireplace andirons fireplace boarded wouldn lose heat chimney ben walked looking proud worried floor says floor troubles amos
ben understanding recollect exact words worked yes admitted prompt fair ben overenthusiastic remember words amos exactly says means let things straight ben fame honors cheese family consider twenty brothers sisters cold vestry hungry help proved propose looked pretty thoughtful feel quotation coming finally laborer worthy hire don labor think maxims don fill empty stomachs bad specific talked ben reasonable affair generous think comfortably warm helped finally agreement week rain shine promised delivered vestry ounce piece quality cheese inch slice rye bread fresh grains unhulled wheat home domicile heirs hold forever let hindrance daily subsistence clothing addition thereto fur cap part faithfully give perform benjamin franklin advice aid assistance succor times conditions constantly abide till death part help ben wrote neat lots flourishes latin phrases seals signed shook hands bargain
word sentence begins capital letter declarative sentence makes statement ends period interrogative sentence asks question ends question mark sentences statements foods today found potatoes peru chocolate favorite food aztecs mexico sentences declarative sentences begins capital letter ends period sentences ask questions thomas jefferson president eat tomato spaghetti kinds squash native americans grow sentences interrogative sentences begins capital letter ends question mark tell sentence declarative interrogative wild rice special kind plant origin hot dog yams brought america africa kind corn hominy alligator pear avocado write sentence write declarative interrogative show kind sentence peanuts grown spanish explorers brought peanuts africa spain sixteenth century peanut member pea family tomatoes thought poisonous tomato potato related french gardeners grew potatoes blossoms begin eat vegetables found corn beans eaten pilgrims peppers called chilies mexico pizza taste tomatoes write declarative interrogative sentence begin sentence correctly correct punctuation end
write sentence write declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory show kind sentence train animals toby taking dog obedience school rewards tuffy behaving dog call dogs tuffy paying attention toby tuffy tuffy runs immediately toby side cute looks able trick write sentence underline complete subject underline complete predicate gull sits nest egg starts hatch chick pecks inside shell neck muscles strong newborn chick rests nest mother father gull warm chick feathers dry parents feed chick stands soon baby gull walk learns fly weeks gull grows fast catches fish sea young bird joins gulls grown bird belongs adults write simple subject sentence teacher class assignment student write report librarian helps nancy writing solar system books shelf write simple predicate sentence eric waiting mail heard letter carrier door envelopes lying mailbox eric saw letter opened envelope eagerly decide word parentheses synonym antonym underlined word write synonym antonym max tried grow tree attempted leroy saves seeds keeps janet threw ball caught pot filled moist soil damp miki accepted advice took let sell car buy cat contented ate happy page book missing mark early
illustrated class thesaurus add classmates list overused words choose words thesaurus entry person choose word set thesaurus entry page write word part speech write short definition sentence shows meaning word finally list synonyms antonyms word illustrate thesaurus page magazine picture illustration collect entries put alphabetical order divider pages alphabet tabs wish write thesaurus entries looseleaf paper put ring binder easily add pages later classify means put things belong classifying especially important science scientists classify animals plants planets classify stars storms stones classify things nature study easily try classify animals photographs think alike sheet paper copy characteristics dictionary book imagine trying track foods zoo needs buy responsibility workers zoo commissary supply store pretend zoo commissary list foods zoo animals eat rewrite list easier grocery checklist put foods belong groups write heading fruits seafood group
direct object receives action verb direct object part complete predicate comes action verb noun direct object answers question sentences underlined nouns direct objects clouds hold moisture clouds produce rain rain soaked jesse find direct object sentence asking verb sentences underlined nouns direct objects receive action verbs absorb clouds absorb energy earth large air masses weather read sentences action verb direct object weather information helps gardeners weather satellites photograph clouds air holds moisture hot weather vane shows direction wind anemometer measures speed write sentence draw line action verb draw lines direct object weather satellites pictures clouds wind draws moisture skin tornadoes seek shelter meteorologist studies weather hurricane damaged coastline tornadoes damage storm powerful thunderstorm scares dog huge cumulonimbus clouds bring thunderstorms bodies water affect weather nearby land weather follows regular patterns cases write direct object sentence write show question direct object answers meteorologist predicted huge snowstorm flakes hit ground clock snow covered window midnight
newspaper story important facts newspaper stories give information set inform reader quickly efficiently study parts newspaper story hometown ohio night zoo keeper tina lopez discovered abandoned skunk cardboard box left zoo small mammal house attention attracted scratching noise coming box note box read sweeteums give home owner descented live wild ms lopez stated zoo sweetums recent zoo flooded requests accept wild animals purchased pets zoo accommodate ms lopez buy animal meant live wild baby cute animal grows don real problem zoo hometown zoo searching zoo adopt sweetums give comfortable home notice headline attracts attention tells story lead paragraph tells important fact answers questions body story facts order decreasing importance answer questions news story page story happen happen happened happen discovery person happen discovery write headline news events student school wins poetry contest family discovers oil property tv celebrity speak class chosen star spy movie dog town saves child drowning
pronoun takes place noun nouns sentences words blue pronouns words red words pronouns replace students saw laurel hardy movie saw laurel hardy movie laurel dropped piano laurel dropped piano fell hardy foot piano fell foot pronouns place nouns sentence plural pronoun replaces students sentence singular pronoun replaces piano sentence singular pronoun replaces hardy chart shows singular plural pronouns pronoun sentence watched silent movie michael borrowed library lily offered seat diane oppenheim asked turn lights screen easily write sentence underline pronoun vote favorite movie star vote favorite movie star charlie chaplin choice film young woman helps fellow friend walk road marx brothers groucho harpo chico zeppo laugh act chico harpo trouble chico outsmarts brother groucho love hear harpo play harp favorite marx brothers film night opera write sentences pair underline pronoun sentence underline noun nouns sentence pronoun replaces marla decided movie producer director carlos rana heard movie marla wanted stars
adjectives add detail writing read sentences noise awoke dream sudden noise awoke scary dream sentences similar sentence information sentence facts sentence includes interesting details adjective describes noun sentence learn noise sudden dream scary adjectives help writing colorful interesting nouns don tell adjectives add details choose noun list write think adjectives describe noun sentence adjectives write noun minutes adjectives write find classmate chose noun think adjectives list classmate list choose noun start form teams classmates read sentence think adjectives describe underlined noun write sentence adding adjective poodle trotted beach poodle trotted sandy beach poodle trotted crowded beach band played song passengers waited luggage took swim dinner douglas explored house town bicycle put garage saw photographs machines bird perched railing porch add adjectives sentences clues find nouns sentence think adjective describes noun write sentence adding adjectives noun
read sentences gymnast landed mat gymnast landed gracefully mat word difference sentences slight change makes big difference adverb gracefully sentence tells gymnast landed adverb makes sentence detailed interesting clear picture gymnast landing adverb give picture adverb turn superb athlete terrible athlete gymnast landed clumsily mat adverbs add important details writing choose verb list write adverbs think describe verb minutes write adverbs verb adverbs list find classmate chose verb compare lists choose verb list write adverbs describe verb read sentence think adverbs describe underlined verb write sentence adding adverb hank stepped boat hank stepped boldly boat hank stepped carefully boat listened music roxanne smiled walked surprise party crowd cheered end game acrobat moved high wire maggie spoke fire prevention audience add adverbs sentences clues find verb sentence think adverb describes verb write sentence adding adverb
articles encyclopedia arranged alphabetical order times needed find answer specific question encyclopedia place look find answers questions encyclopedia encyclopedia books volumes collection articles places things ideas articles arranged alphabetically notice letters volumes encyclopedia find answer question identify key word question aardvarks key word question aardvarks eat step find book topic found letters volumes encyclopedia help article aardvarks found book volume guide words pages help find article notice volume index entire set books index lists topics encyclopedia alphabetical order page number volume article topic found step researching topic identify key words questions quark mississippi road robin hood real person write key words questions fireflies light equipment needed scuba diving bermuda triangle famous fast cheetah run discovered penicillin write key words questions write numbers volumes look words illustration opposite page find numbers
acoma indians spoke words encouragement corn plants tending spoken encouraging words growing caring say langston hughes remembered friend remember friends leave memories friends cluster words word friend tell friends important felice holman song head song running head today acoma india poem phrases repeated single word repeated read poem lincoln page word repeated times think poet draw picture playing sport game list phrases repeat play phrase beginning unrhymed poem repetition write beginning lines picture draw large side view outline head fill outline words song songs running head songs include words phrases hear repeated refrain print words pattern circle spiral forms poets write haiku haiku japanese verse form word haiku literally means beginning phrase ago lines poem introduced going happen poem later haiku form haiku number strict rules seventeen syllables written lines syllables line line line
compound subject simple subjects predicate simple subject main word complete subject sentence sentences complete subjects shown blue simple subjects underlined principal school announced clean contest art teacher class announced clean contest sentences main word complete subject sentences simple subject principal teacher announced clean contest mrs colucci father block captain simple subjects predicate called compound subject sentences compound subjects cities towns villages part reiko plant flowers window box notice simple subjects joined conjunction conjunction joins words sentence compound subject simple subjects compound subject school newspaper print advertisements police firefighters help brooms bags cartons noreen sweepers kenny tamar clean steps write complete subject sentence subject compound write compound sidewalks steps swept clean jonathan collect fallen branches cleanest streets town davis avenue storekeepers residents care street looks cousin mine lives
wasn sir replied phoebe looking past window hickey brought fresh today says re favorite mine general gates thomas hickey want thank phoebe started put plate front general washington flash looking green hiding window shoot general person trying kill kitchen phoebe stood stone plate hands saw hickey thomas hickey laughing teasing bringing candy ribbons seed chickens bringing june peas general sprinkling poison thomas member general washington bodyguard holding plate whirled pompey waiting run screamed run father stopped talking pompey looked amazement father stammered sam fraunces queen head stamped foot pompey heard phoebe sound dropped salt cellar ran kitchen door dining room sat frozen eyes phoebe general washington cried hickey put poison dinner saw gasp table jest roared general gates getting place reaching plate
thank note short letter thanks gift favor follows form friendly letter invitation note letter invites event event tell held tell invitation write thank note real person write invitation party special event address envelope write return address receiver address write address upper left hand corner return address shows return letter delivered center envelope write receiver address address person receive letter business letters receiver address exact copy inside address abbreviation letter abbreviation approved postal service list abbreviations page ruler draw envelopes sample address information abbreviations names write addresses notice periods abbreviations write abbreviation names words form combining abbreviations write list ca ne form word cane ga il form gail trade papers partner states abbreviations form word
write read considerate audience proofread paper errors find mistake correct neatly revising proofreading marks proofreading checklist help find errors notice writer checked questions checks help writer notice kind errors making copy form wish generally idea check thing check spelling errors easier spot start end composition move beginning check word separately looking spelling errors check sentence sense word ends drop add suffix begins vowel add suffix begins consonant word ends vowel add suffix word ends consonant add suffix begins change add suffix begin syllable word ends vowel consonant double final consonant add suffix begins vowel choose ei choose choose ei sound exceptions leisure seize weird suffix added nouns verbs word ends ss sh ch zz add es word ends single fo fe change add es letter letter english words letter letter letter word
trace write look letters write letters ways match letters look letters abc order think write abc order look copy letters write words write color words look color words finish sentences trace numbers write number words trace numbers write number words write numbers finish sentences write sentences light red turns green look ways match letters write missing letters write numbers sentence tells complete idea girls boys play ball find sentences put line lee runs yoko falls bat ball telling sentence tells fred finds pet shop read telling sentences write shop open pets fun fred wants begin sentence capital letter end telling sentence period rides write telling sentence correctly asking sentence asks going write asking sentences fun begin sentence capital letter end asking sentence question mark write asking sentence correctly sentence aking sentence asks question sentence telling sentence tells read asking sentence picture telling sentence say sentence aloud
person place thing words doctor store pencil names seen heard touched hope names nouns nouns singular plural form word refers singular word refers plural nouns peter pan mexico word write nouns sentence write noun names person place thing idea writers hard workroom quiet typewriter needed paper essential creativity patience visit big library authors librarians help authors ann write poems article poet emily dickinson twenty words underlined ten nouns write noun sentence number write sentence underlined noun emily dickinson born amherst massachusetts lived entire house adult rarely traveled farther garden knew poet died emily sister found bundles poetry room poetry greatest produced america emily dickinson lacked experience larger village intense imagination ordinary object sign tiny flower held secrets universe write nouns sentence henry wadsworth longfellow popular poet nineteenth century readers eagerly awaited publication volume poems translated languages longfellow taught languages harvard university
write verb verb phrase article sentence number underline main verb verb phrase women served armed forces american woman soldier fought revolutionary war deborah sampson joined regiment native massachusetts course women accepted soldiers sampson enlisted robert shurtleff discovered secret battle tarrytown wounded musket ball private shurtleff fought yorktown final battle war eventually true identity revealed deborah sampson honorable discharge soldier pension service write verb verb phrase sentence number write lv linking verb benedict arnold synonym traitor benedict arnold loyal patriot american early revolution arnold hero ethan allen captured fort ticonderoga british arnold bitter promotion officers remained loyal awhile leadership battle saratoga led american victory victory turning point war reasons arnold treasonous behavior end war completely clear remember accomplishments disgrace action verbs linking verbs play role writing action verb expresses idea directly clearly linking verb inventor phonograph invented phonograph rewrite sentences substituting action verbs linking verbs
order explain ideas clearly writing arrange words sentences sentence group words expresses complete thought sentence begins capital letter ends punctuation mark sentences express ideas ways declarative sentence makes statement ends period sentences declarative sentences parthenon greece dedicated interrogative sentence asks question ends question mark replica tennessee imperative sentence command makes request ends period stay longer parthenon exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling ends exclamation mark beautiful building turn declarative interrogative imperative sentence exclamatory changing period question mark exclamation mark fine landmark fine landmark soon soon write sentence declarative interrogative imperative write correct end punctuation mark parentheses rewrite sentence changing kind sentence parentheses visit imperative visit admission parthenon free exclamatory souvenirs interrogative want buy picture imperative door weight tons declarative parthenon treasure exclamatory
write negative word sentence nineteenth century america spared modern problem heavy city traffic today city traffic compared century person scarcely able travel city getting accident involving horses treated city horses properly ample food rest surprising frequently bolted unpredictably drivers didn hesitate race horses halt flow traffic traffic lights heard cross main street extremely careful write correct word parentheses rewrite sentence correcting double negative place modifier close word modifies words modifier word modifies intended meaning lost study rules adjectives adverbs word modifiers modifiers immediately words modify meanings sentences change moved drove stagecoaches drove stagecoaches began drive began drive phrase clause modifier immediately word modifies moving modifiers sentences makes meanings clear stage stopped hotel west stage west stopped hotel hotel ridden ridden hotel modifying phrase clause beginning sentence refer immediately follows phrase clause moved independent clause reworded
principal parts verb basic forms present past past participle present participle verbs forms verbs basic forms called principal parts principal parts wash shown verbs form principal parts wash past past participle formed adding ed present present participle formed adding ing present verbs principal parts formed called regular verbs number regular verbs change spellings ing ed added irregular verbs form past past participle adding ed change spellings ways study irregular verbs irregular verbs english help forms dictionary dictionaries list principal parts irregular verbs tense verb expressed tenses formed principal parts present tense expresses action taking place boats move goods water past tense expresses action took place past early americans flatboats future tense expresses action occur future formed adding helping verb present maybe boats future present perfect tense expresses action occurred indefinite past going formed helping verb past participle boats kinds power
verb active voice subject performs action verb passive voice subject receives action read sentences robert fulton built steamboat active voice steamboat built robert fulton passive voice sentence subject performs action subject performs action verb active voice sentence subject receives performs action subject receives action verb passive voice passive verb verb phrase form past participle supported chosen launched copied learning identify passive verbs writing important passive verbs tend writing wordy weak active verbs direct forceful generally replacing passive verbs active improve writing support ideas won fulton weak fulton won support ideas direct active voice writing passive voice performer action unknown unimportant workable steamboat america built write complete verb sentence label active passive power wind current transportation replaced slowly steam john fitch adapted steam engines boats launched steamboat propelled paddles side patent obtained steamboat won support projects steamboats fourth boat wrecked storm john fitch known today history recorded fitch tragic figure
books read represent reasons writing emphasized book chapter practice writing reason books pages help prepare writing assignments chapter otto son robber baron raised peaceful monastery reason otto father comes son teach ways fighting robbing living rugged warrior change mind fight send son safety monastery end family motto hand silver hand iron stowe garrett wishes friend brownie plunges thinking stowe stops think wrong annie mother stowe dying grandfather wants annie daughter bigger decision stowe wants decision means taking risk book look mythological god proteus don surprised story interesting look names mentioned look homer odyssey read greatest adventure stories written sea teems centuries living surprising hundreds tales sea creatures real imaginary book stories poems sea reflects author love ocean water stories fantastic creatures studying topic list suggested reading textbook locate books author title card catalog
writers series stages called writing process stages prewriting writing revising publishing process series actions leading end process generally involves stages closely related part larger writing writers process photo essay preceding pages observed similar processes builders writers writing process includes stages prewriting writing revising publishing writers stages spend stage vary writers spend prewriting spend revising writing prewriting write draft prewriting strategies help generate ideas help find say prewriting stage include research note taking exploratory writing discover ideas prewriting strategies involve listening speaking reading prewriting writer thinks purpose writing audience opposite page chart prewriting strategies writing lessons book writing assignments master methods writing easier school later career choose later lessons practice prewriting techniques generating say organize ideas form research report letter complaint personal experience narrative writing stage write rough draft write nonstop worrying sentence structure capitalization punctuation concentrate getting ideas paper logical organization perfecting write occur stage writing process revising
paragraphs important elements main idea topic sentence main idea important idea paragraph writer central message topic sentence clearly states main idea tells paragraph topic sentence sentence paragraph beginning middle end gain writing experience place topic sentence topic sentence aids paragraph unity controls paragraph content sentence paragraph relate closely main idea stated topic sentence supporting sentences provide specific details facts reasons examples look topic sentence paragraph education americans students understand educational system works basically states responsible education legislatures boards education decide schools financed taught local boards regulations policy decisions administrators teachers enforce policies students educated function society live main idea stated sentence topic sentence group sentences includes topic sentence supporting sentences write topic sentence students education granted children realize importance education boards education govern schools policy decisions influence happens schools members board live school district serve needs local community school district board education
editorial expresses writer opinion newspaper position topic newspapers types writing news stories sports stories stories present facts opinions expressed special type article called editorial editorial expresses writer opinion newspaper position issue editorial criticize praise actions explain interpret news event frequently editorials persuade written influence readers opinions lesson writing process write editorial choose write issue concerns purpose writing persuade audience students school writing thinking act writing ideas formed expressed reason writers write extensively discover clarify thinking topic writing prewriting methods main idea technique sort number ideas arrive central idea piece writing choose main idea thesis statement sentence stating main idea easier write study chart steps finding main idea facing page main idea technique choose topic narrow want choose broad topics select prewriting technique generated thesis statement supporting details editorial organize ideas editorial express opinion organizational pattern chart page write draft
business letters clear concise correct business letter form business letter briefer formal friendly letter business letters request information place order complaint letter request asks specific information write report letter request information topic write letter request explain exactly information need order letter orders merchandise mail give catalog number product want identify features color size order letter mention amount check money order enclosed letter complaint describes problem product give catalog number product tell purchased explain problem tell exactly corrected business letters parts addition parts friendly letter business letter inside address address person company letter business letters typed neatly paper type write letter neatly blue black ink study business letter page notice colon follows salutation business letter write business letters address return address request information local drug addiction prevention center explain wish write school report stating hazards addictive drugs write letter record company ordered record didn receive item
kino jiya beach walked place street jiya searched keepsake home sea washed shore found surf violent deep waters bodies returned boys young visit deserted beach swim sea walked farm fold hill kino saw jiya looked door morning looked empty beach searching eyes kino door putting shoes heard jiya cry loud voice kino quickly kino jiya pointed hillside look building house beach kino looked saw pounding posts sand woman child stood watching build beach exclaimed rest watching ran hill beach building house jiya cried paused elder nodded father live lived outhouses castle fished shores tired homes
write sentence sentence group words roberto story today baseball league starting city field uniforms truly exciting learning play baseball real challenge coaches field approaches job twenty girls players teams write sentence sentence write declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory planets mars relation earth beautiful view cliff look venus night sky tell rings saturn rings equator planets named ancient greek gods fascinating planets earth round actually earth perfectly round flatter poles center metals bring information library metals nickel write simple subject sentence clothes hanging line part laundry thought week puzzling difficult book returned library found easily youth line film robbery bank seen hole boards large light drizzle left plants shape petunias require light
sentence diagram shows parts sentence horizontal vertical slanting lines sentence diagram shows role word phrase clause sentence learning diagram sentences strengthen ability recognize sentence parts studied sentence diagram begins horizontal line divided vertical line place subject left dividing line verb sure dividing line passes horizontal line notice entire verb phrase written horizontal line subject interrogative sentence comes verb diagram place subject verb show subject imperative sentence write parentheses subject place notice sentence diagram shows capital letters sentence punctuation sentence compound subject compound verb diagram separate horizontal lines write conjunction joins subjects verbs broken vertical line linking horizontal lines sentence diagram adjective written slanting line noun pronoun modifies adjective modifies word written line articles diagramed adverbs diagramed slanting lines adverb modifying verb verb
listen carefully class sure understand teacher wants homework homework materials ready need items textbooks pens notebook study place try find quiet comfortable place interrupt lighting comfortable chair desk table tv radio studying plan study develop daily study schedule decide studying study plan exactly study subjects difficult subject tired include chores household tasks recreation write study schedule shown guide set goal purpose study going science test goal review understand material tested goal mind study concentrate prepared test studying regularly review notes past quizzes textbook short night don wait night test begin studying prepare essay composition test thinking questions test write questions important ideas textbook answer prepare objective short answer test listing important information write key facts notebook plenty sleep night test able think clearly
noun names person place thing idea teacher bicycle names seen heard touched kindness names nouns nouns singular plural form word refers singular word refers plural nouns word write noun sentence write names person place thing idea photographers arrived cameras clicked develop film visit neighborhood notice beauty model laughed show patience lens dirty lose hope town quiet article photography twenty underlined words ten nouns write noun sentence number write sentence underlined noun photographs early nineteenth century camera photographer huge wood box hole end large thick lens image recorded heavy metal plate coated chemicals camera gears levers shutter photographer covered lens hand wished picture simply took hand lens earliest photographs views buildings statues streets pedestrians vehicles pictures photographer left lens uncovered hour moved looked smudge photographs write sentence underline nouns principal signed certificate assembly auditorium small lake campus decorations needed dance table decorated blue stars
word sentence determines part speech words thought nouns adjectives word names person place thing idea noun word answers question kind adjective computer sale computer sale today manages restaurant restaurant manager learned demonstrative pronouns demonstrative adjectives pronoun sentence adjective indefinite pronouns adjectives word sentence determines part speech word replaces noun pronoun word modifies noun adjective revised report revised received awards students received awards write underlined word label adjective modifies noun label noun noun cafeteria manager surprise cafeteria painted purple carrots garden garden magazines green shelf coach revised basketball schedule week played basketball yesterday elevator repaired soon elevator inspector floor parakeet food expensive parakeet talks write underlined word label adjective modifies noun label pronoun pronoun taught trick amazed
write underlined word label conjunction preposition adverb school tennis courts baseball field inside circular swimming pool freight train moved slowly walked reception sun drenched lawn campers empty barge drifting dishes collectors items notified pearls small valuable chairs sale article twenty prepositional phrases write phrase sentence number label adjective adverb constellations zodiac andromeda chain stars lies milky pisces andromeda beautiful ethiopian princess greek mythology monster sea stormed ethiopia caused damage land needed offering monster delay sadness andromeda chosen chained huge rock sea perseus son jupiter saved sword slew monster cut chains moment selected perseus husband son perses ancestor kings persia conjunctions combine short sentences smoother sounding sentence notice conjunctions combine sentences jan likes dive walt likes dive swim jan walt dive swim swim bay sail sea swim bay sail sea conjunction combine pair sentences willa swims paul rita swim fish fish harbor
write pronoun write case sentence raked leaves title kindest sally birthday card bill practice tomorrow find dictionary artist person stage guard identify jacket sentence invitation error pronoun usage write invitation correctly dear shawn mother father asked invite labor picnic hope memorable meals forget thanksgiving dinner sure remember left food plate room dessert yes pumpkin pie mom dad planning feast presence picnic happy sincerely heather write original sentence word group pronouns correctly underline word group sentence write letter inviting surprise party friend relative mention place party tell invited gift suggestions ask ideas help party success especially careful errors pronoun usage communicate letter telephone words write talk find entries write talk thesaurus pages select synonyms word synonym sentence write sentences
write underlined verb tense present past future doors slowly open neil opened boxes costumes open jar pickles close letter funny story fair closes today closed show song book covers look looked telescope looks cold search team look look happier tomorrow sherbet quickly melted ruthanne answer question sister reads shoes need heels write underlined verb tense present perfect past perfect future perfect answers surprised letter arrived left finished midnight robyn brother studied portuguese memorized june defined words lesson noticed chair today lived librarians moved magazine rack soon visited national park united states write underlined verb tense customer supermarket approaches checkout counter soon cash register communicate customer cash registers human scan price codes boxes cans display monitor product price finally thank customer business cash registers appeared stores ago engineers dreamed machines experimented kinds models engineers designed cash register wrap customer purchases
similar verbs usage errors raise rise called verb rise means principal parts rise rose risen rising direct object rise fifteen minutes earlier temperature rises sun shines theater curtain slowly rose children risen early verb raise means lift move higher regular verb principal parts raise raised raised raising direct object band raise money uniforms raised shades looked raised hands today lay lie needed verb lie means rest recline principal parts lie lay lain lying direct object note lay past form dog lies dad recliner exhausted lay quickly fell asleep rock lain century verb lay means put place principal parts lay laid laid laying direct object lay pencil books laid yesterday laid write present form verb parentheses write past form verb parentheses write past participle verb parentheses sentence error write correct form incorrect verb logs laid scarf laying stair high temperature rose today set waited quietly
books read represent reasons writing emphasized book chapter practice writing narrate books pages help prepare writing assignments chapter miyax wanted find pen pal amy lives san francisco calls julie miyax lost cold wolves hope exciting story survival courage girl learns face future knows easy lot crying book dying laughter part living book true stories childtimes black women grandmother mother daughter remember children times crazy want owl pet wol weeps re owls think human human friends billy bruce funny adventures wish book turtle teach terrible forest fires collie show retired schoolteacher lot offer children girl learn father stray pup pound book quietly celebrates animals reading getting pets tickle funny bone humorous story library humorous stories library specially marked look humorous stories card catalog
combine sentences clues write sentences result rachel played tennis park dana played tennis park ricki played tennis park rachel hit ball accurately dana wasn able return ricki hit ball ricki hit ball hard ricki hit ball net sonia won tennis tournament trophy sonia fast agile player dana tennis camp excellent camp summer combine sentences write sentence results sentences clues tennis court library play play clay court today want choose harder playing surface look jason backhand shot smooth look powerful serve abrahamson maintains tennis courts abrahamson tennis lessons appointment rod tennis racket shone sun rod tennis racket rod racket aluminum small mountain farm missouri late sixty laura ingalls wilder began book yellowed pages journals girlhood wilder pioneer journals vivid record hardships pleasures frontier planned record help young americans appreciate heritage writing hard journals guide wilder finish house big woods book published success
ideas organized paragraphs depends purpose writing paragraphs organized ways generally organizational pattern select determined purpose writing form choose writing short story order news story require facts presented order importance organizing ideas clearly logically creates clear readable writing paragraphs clear organization confuse readers ways organize ideas presented lesson order space order order importance climactic order order called chronological order ideas arranged according order occur order tell story describe series events give directions read paragraph written order scheudle saturday going hectic basketball practice collect stacks newspapers neighbors bring stacks paper recycling center practice friends going lunch help dad polish car night plan homework space order describe persons places things variety logical sequences room left outer writer choose order helps readers understand object thing relates read paragraph written space order hospital room friend stayed compact efficient bed left hand corner window
basic elements short story setting plot character love stories storytelling popular form entertainment stories copied hand printed storytelling popular form entertainment books short stories published read unlike novels short stories short pieces fiction written subjects science fiction adventure mystery short story basic elements setting plot characters setting place story occurs robert story future tense set modern american high school plot story plan action sequence events conflict problem solved characters animals story characters behave act story creates plot plot action story story beginning middle end beginning writer establishes setting conflict introduces characters middle series action packed episodes scenes advance plot build climax climax happens conclude conflict end writer resolves problem ties loose ends summarize short story essentially relates main character attempt attain goal read short story mystery prepared answer questions basic elements story let puppies pet shop window sara bill tawson poor gray
letter opinion attempts persuade point view persuasion skill convince parents let stay later school nights persuade friend course persuasive writing main objective sway readers change minds urge action lesson writing process write letter opinion choose write issue concerns business letter form purpose writing persuade audience real selection public official choose topics select write sentence statement telling feel subject include words chosen topic explore ideas prewriting strategy discovering ideas timed writing timed writing write minutes stopping think say lift pen paper simply write comes mind write sentence statement top clean piece paper write nonstop minutes review written underline ideas evaluate reasons included letter spend library gather background knowledge look recent newspapers magazines articles editorials topic
review opinion recommendation segment media read reviews review helps understand read hear presenting person viewpoint critics professional reviewers write newspapers magazines review movies television shows records books plays read review want movie disagreed review favorite television show review short summary reviewer opinion supporting reasons advice enjoy review reviews space writing review important concise lesson write review segment media review book movie television program purpose inform audience classmates prewriting strategy notetaking record thoughts feelings hear read begin choosing review read book view film watch television program listen record album performance play notes review judgment judgment standards criteria standards judgment standard called criterion writing review develop standards evaluating seen heard read suppose plan review film start rating film according films category
write complete subject sentences bus late friday flight rome stayed longr known red carnation greet mother proud woman snake grass invisible longest route york boston write complete predicate sentences members jury reached verdict deliberation jury found defendant guilty courtroom burst applause young recently discovered place restaurant popular area leave coat door performance play cancelled notice understudies perform substitutes write sentences underline complete subject complete predicate going vacation summer lake shore early bottom lake drink water small island middle quiet retreat write subject verb direct object sentence underline subject write direct object russian discovery alaska attracted interest countries ships alaska explorers sought northwest passage passage supposedly connected oceans russians established capital sitka united states senate approved alaskan purchase small margin americans interest alaska write sentence underline indirect object give children snack show
diagram line drawing explains architect diagram show structure building diagram show structure sentence sentence diagram horizontal vertical slanting lines word location diagram show sentence diagraming sentences strengthen ability identify parts speech sentence structure simplest sentence diagram shows subject verb subject verb horizontal line separated crossing vertical line sentence verb phrase entire phrase appears horizontal line diagram interrogative sentence put subject verb show subject imperative sentence put parentheses subject place notice sentence diagram shows capital letters sentence punctuation compound subjects compound verbs diagramed separate horizontal lines conjunction joins subjects verbs written vertical broken line linking horizontal lines blinks beeps hums sentences subject verb sentences adjectives adverbs parts speech shown sentence diagram sentence diagram adjective written slanting line connected noun pronoun adjective modifies adjective modifies word written separate slanting line articles diagramed adverbs adjectives diagramed slanting lines adverb modifies verb appears directly verb
listen carefully class sure understand teacher wants homework homework materials ready need items textbooks pens notebook study place try find quiet comfortable place interrupt lighting comfortable chair desk table tv radio studying plan study develop daily study schedule decide studying study plan exactly study subjects difficult subject tired include chores household tasks recreation write study schedule shown guide stick study schedule set goal purpose study going english test goal review understand material tested goal mind study concentrate prepared test studying regularly read notes textbook night don wait night test begin studying prepare essay composition test thinking questions test write questions important ideas textbook answer prepare objective short answer test listing important information write key facts notebook writing information orderly fashion help learn
sentence parts subject names predicate tells subject sentence parts express complete thought parts sentences shown colors learn history pictures books lessons past letters ago tell stories students history agree part sentence blue subject names subject word sentence words sentences part sentence green predicate tells subject predicate word sentence words sentences part sentence underlined tell underlined part subject predicate sarah saw book library librarian showed pictures pictures wore robes homes large stone houses pictures book colorful read sentence write subject subject underlined write predicate predicate underlined middle ages today farm families built small cottages lived lord house house high walls manor house village called manor peasants worked large farms weavers cloth clothing peasants foods bread cheese peasant hard women practiced doctors
paragraph group sentences main idea words put form sentence sentences put form paragraph knowing construct paragraph key writing paragraph group sentences main idea paragraph group sentences tells single sentence sentence tells paragraph states main idea sentences tell main idea sentence paragraph begins bit words indented indenting signal reader paragraph beginning read sample paragraph chimpanzees wild signs talk scratch heads puzzled frightened want build courage touch lips answer questions sample paragraph page paragraph sentence tells main idea sentences tell main idea title give paragraph decide sentences belong paragraph sarah lessons sentence write yes chimp named sarah learned read write plastic symbols learned grammar rules selected plural verb forms plural subjects chimpanzees enjoy fruit sarah correct word order sentences write sentences paragraph sure indent line underline sentence tells main idea washoe chimp taught sign language training began young
hidden patterns beautiful designs nature find making rubbings leaves seashells pieces driftwood tree bark nature rubbings practice making rubbings coin flat piece wood place paper coin piece wood crayon pencil rub point watch lines bumps forming design practice making rubbings leaf place leaf paper sure face side leaf vein side place paper leaf rub gently crayon soft lead pencil watch design class collection rubbings group according type place rubbings scrapbook call book nature secrets common words sum product special meanings mathematics addition common words mathematics words important meanings words mathematics try dictionary book find meaning words mathematics write definition words dictionary thesaurus listed alphabetical order mathematicians put letters alphabet kind order break codes letters listed frequency distribution means letter letter try find letters frequently english chart column letter
ideas ideas brainstorming method help find ideas friends wondered sunny afternoon decided activity lots suggestions happened brainstorming lesson help learn brainstorm complete read fables read consider authors brainstorming ideas brainstorming idea wrong idea ideas put guidelines brainstorming think topic list word phrase think topic stop minutes read written remember wrong ideas brainstorming class brainstormed ideas writing story bears list looked try brainstorm choose animals pictured topic write think topic don stop finished pick ideas try class brainstorming session class participate select person write ideas chalkboard person choose animal topic guidelines page finished list ideas brainstorming brainstorming group tell experience need find ideas tell brainstorming help
arnold lobel recalls writing book fables set illustrate book fables weeks reading tales decided write fables busy projects icy winter months later slipped sidewalk hurt foot home cast crutches sat home writing chair lined notebook lap thought give fables try list favorite animals recalls surprise told stories wrote foot healed notebook bulging animals tales eagerly drawing pictures turn fable play called readers theatre students read parts characters fable student reads lines characters speak person called narrator try readers theatre classroom lesson learn fable discuss learned classmates tell learned similar lesson characters fable act humans choose character fables character friend tell choose fable liked happen characters fable brainstorm list ideas partner share favorite ideas learned lesson forget tell lesson teach fable
things story character setting plot stories funny short tell things happen real things believe stories alike story things character setting plot animals story characters kind animals imaginary setting story happens story setting prairie town hundred ago faraway planet story plot plot series events story tells happens story character problem character try find answer problem stories problem solved end sentences story monkey crocodile tell sentence describes character setting plot monkey stayed island crocodile wanted catch monkey monkey hungry monkey crocodile enemies monkey landed top crocodile head write character setting plot show part story item describes read paragraph tells known story write answers questions ago italy lived wood carver named geppetto geppetto carved puppet named pinocchio puppet behaved badly careless money played hooky worst pinocchio lied
contraction shortened form words contractions formed pronoun verb february study black history short rhyme famous thought black history mystery names henson bethune marshall drew soon familiar underlined words rhyme contractions words joined apostrophe shows letter letters left contractions form words write sentence contraction place underlined words reading history book black america read benjamin banneker educated mathematics known helping plan washington say heard mary mcleod bethune remembered college began worked president roosevelt enjoy hearing charlotte forten famous today teacher find words form contraction write sentence contraction read explorer matt henson robert peary north pole say read adventures book henson wrote thurgood marshall heard served important court reading sojourner truth famous words remember known speaking women rights read scientist charles drew lunch listen contractions pronouns verbs
fact true information opinion person thinks difference fact opinion fact information tested proved true opinion thinks says true maybe true maybe opinion proved tested facts opinions valuable need tell difference believe opinions facts ago earth flat tell fact opinion likely question statements mars small green think prove fact checked proved ways remember fact true experiment test fact investigate ask expert read fact television camera lenses sports events broadcast tv children watch tv programs educational tv tell statement fact opinion want buy products advertised tv tv picture screen lines prime tv hours evening acting tv commercial easy dreams tv star write fact opinion sentence tv reporter leads exciting commercials earn money tv stations tv camera electronic film countries tv system
persuasive paragraph writer opinion reasons support tried change ideas lesson persuasive writer write paragraph try persuade classmates agree opinion publish writing classmates tell agree disagree ideas suppose easy dog dog agree opinion wish change opinion express ideas dog needs lot special care needs grooming spend feeding dog balanced diet addition records dog shots licenses look clusters words word clusters organize ideas large circle center shows key idea dogs need care medium sized circles tell kinds care dogs need supporting ideas dog owners feed groom records pets small circles words add details look feed cluster things dog needs balanced diet detail words tell dogs vitamins protein calcium key words pets homework computers sports space key words find subject interests select key word pets opinion pets allowed apartment buildings opinion pets deserve loving care discuss additional key words find topic interests separate piece paper copy cluster plan page write words circles
word adverb means words mean sentence underlined words paragraphs mean notice adverb comes helping verb main verb remember contractions ending formed verb decided place picnic didn want eagle lake place mind idea lake lacy thought going cried cathy clark sentence paragraphs word means words mean sentence word means sentence tell word contraction didn forget paper plates napkins aunt sarah forgotten coleslaw makes salads recipe write sentence underline word means sid asked bringing pets ant farm mom says understand sid won ants likes watching helping betty fire cooks betty put ketchup meat bob potato salad eggs choose correct word parentheses complete sentence write sentences
words taking notes read gather information report find lot information encyclopedia books taking notes important ideas help remember information notes words write important facts index cards write complete sentences shorter groups words read article notes follow moses grandma american painter real anna mary robertson farmer wife begin painting age paintings showed simple realistic country scenes grandma moses remarkable studied art farm scenes popular today museums grandma moses wrote autobiography history grandma moses created paintings notes card show important information paragraph article main idea written top card facts give information listed main idea say sentence words tent shelter weather insects basic tent styles wall frame umbrella tent camping lots fun tents canvas nylon put statements words write sentences shorter groups words vesuvius miles east naples vesuvius naples vesuvius active volcano mainland europe vesuvius known volcano eruption volcano height giant clouds volcanic dust steam cinders lava crater eruption live slopes vesuvius
interesting creature think bird animal fish narrow large category smaller category think kind bird animal fish find mosaic animal choose mosaic picture small bits colored materials things seeds beans barley macaroni create mosaic trace cut picture subject glue piece cardboard outline spaces fill materials color photograph guide fill space color kind material glue pieces bit bit row row social studies lot reading read places close places read events ago current events read contributions remember important points read summarize summarize tell important points words helps remember facts try turn page handbook read encyclopedia articles john newbery newbery medal look book summarize read write important points social workers volunteers read books aloud tapes blind volunteer read blind someday book choose read age write title write sentences tell choose book share
listen class sure understand exactly teacher wants homework write homework assignment notebook homework materials ready textbooks pens pencils erasers rulers notebook handy study place try find quiet comfortable place interrupt tv radio studying plan study daily study schedule decide studying plan exactly study subjects plan chores household tasks recreation write study schedule shown guide stick study schedule studying enjoyable habit prepared sharp pencils eraser read listen directions carefully sure mark answers sample directions match synonyms columns circle correct answer cross wrong answer fill circle correct answer answer easy questions quickly read questions page beginning answer questions sure put light check mark sure don try answer questions sure choice answers narrow choice rid answers wrong try narrow choice answers mark answer think
telephone directories parts white pages yellow pages white pages list names addresses telephone numbers businesses names listed alphabetically person important word business read yellow pages page digits telephone number called exchange calling area exchange look sample page guide words top page names page guide words help find looking quickly notice listings telephone directory written punctuation sample page answer questions names find page pedro telephone number joan street address telephone number ryan company exchanges living ogden yellow pages telephone directory tool help find products services need businesses yellow pages listed alphabetically type examples headings yellow pages bakeries clocks plumbers listings yellow pages give address telephone number business listings give information sample listings yellow pages answer questions address telephone number camp millbrook business repairs cameras camera shop closer living tinton suppose want buy backpack look jim mother looking camp sister camp call
atlas book maps atlas maps cities states countries continents map colorado key legend labeled colorado tells symbols map mean notice symbol mountains symbol map shows western portion colorado mountainous map colorado answer questions capital colorado names cities colorado states border colorado names tunnels map names rivers flow colorado national monument located partially colorado partially utah mountain range passes western colorado friendly letter parts heading greeting body closing signature heading shows writer address date proper nouns capitalized commas city date word greeting capitalized proper noun greeting comma closing comma word closing capitalized form shown write friendly letter friend relative write real letter mail form shown page handbook address envelope
sentence parts subject names predicate tells subject read sentence blue part subject names green part predicate tells subject children ride library returning books red book due today children subject sentence predicate ride library subjects sentences predicates sentences subject sentence predicate maria read book bicycles saw funny picture bicycle huge front wheel seat high rider looked frightened read sentence write subject subject underlined write predicate predicate underlined bicycles riders travel days bicycles france race race thousand miles ride countries pedal high mountains saw pictures race families watching race boy waving flag riders flag red white blue write sentence draw line subject predicate early bicycles pedals riders pushed feet bicycle wooden wheels ride bumpy uncomfortable bicycle called boneshaker write sentences bicycles subject predicate sentence part
dictionary spellings meanings words words explained dictionary entry words listed alphabetical order dark type entry words spaces syllables dictionary meaning entry word words meaning meaning numbered sentence shows word read dictionary entries tell entry words meaning small flute high shrill sound salt water vinegar liquid preserve food cucumber preserved pickle trouble difficulty pickle flat tire outdoor meal party picnic park trip meal picnic lake round pastry fruit meat cream filling case filled feathers soft material squeeze finger thumb pinched sure awake press squeeze hurts shoes pinch feet tiny amount bit soup needs pinch salt answer questions dictionary entries entry words listed entry includes meanings meaning pickle sentence write answer dictionary entries entry words meanings entry words foods word synonym tiny amount kind pastry meat filling word names musical instrument entry sentences word means case filled feathers dictionary book write numeral meaning treat sentence
paragraph group sentences main idea topic sentence tells main idea sentence tells complete thought thought simple sentence tell want say want say want give examples explain need write group sentences need write paragraph paragraph group sentences main idea topic sentence paragraph tells main idea sentence called topic sentence sentence paragraph sentences add details main idea paragraph notice word indented moved indent show paragraph begins googol large number number hundred zeros boy named googol uncle mathematician asked think big number boy googol tell paragraph page topic sentence sentences add details give title paragraph write paragraph remember indent underline topic sentence nanosecond small amount smaller fact billion nanoseconds light moves amazing speed travels miles travels million million miles astronomers mathematics math find stars find size paths stars write topic sentences write sentences add details
common noun names person place thing proper noun names person place thing noun names person place thing nouns person place thing read sentences nouns underlined woman born country clara barton born america sentence woman country common nouns tell woman place named sentence clara barton america proper nouns person place proper nouns word find proper nouns important word proper noun begins capital letter copy underlined nouns sentences write common common noun write proper proper noun clara barton lived united states america taught school jersey helped soldiers injured clara began american red cross city named barton park december flood riverdale families lost homes needed help workers served meals tracy hospital read story children sentence nouns write write common proper noun nurse cares amy jones works hospital doctors visit schools dentist checks students sara works cook school
context clue helps understand meaning word read sentences beth brilliant intelligent girl stone brilliant dull word brilliant meaning read sentence meaning sentence intelligent clue brilliant means smart sentence dull clue brilliant means shiny opposite dull clues meaning sentences town deserted empty sentence helps deserted means empty tell think underlined word means heavy rain damage help plants large pool shallow deep drank hot chicken broth clear soup roof collapsed repaired david devoured meal plate clean read sentence group sentences write think underlined word means airplane began descend wheels lowered help land pilot received instructions tower hear directions radio pilot maneuvered moved plane gate plane gradual sudden stop passengers began disembark finally flight uneventful dull write think underlined word means careful mind baby mom leaves yes turn tv mind hurry wait al didn win race
wondering explore explorer look thing interesting wonder find lesson help learn wonder things complete lesson read poetry read consider poets wondered carlos ideas looked pencil paper thought sadly write noticed sunbeam shining desk carlos began wonder drew wonder wheel helped discover interesting write draw big wheel write subject center fill wheel wonder sentences wonder wheel choose object pictures page subject follow guidelines share wheel class wonder favorite chair pretend talk tomorrow exactly minute question ask wonder wheel help find idea finished draw cartoon show question chair answer answers things wonder tell need discover interesting idea tell wonder wheel help poets write ways poets tell report feel poets talk things answer listen find poets talk say mister beedle baddlebug don bandle boodlebag numble jimblejug eat nummy tiffletag invite tea shoo
telephone speak clearly listen carefully write messages correctly completely pat family bulletin board telephone pat wrote message check wrote important information ted coach roy called saturday soccer practice sunday bring knee pads shoes pat answer questions message call called message took message read information write message dentist calls monday says mother checkup friday morning dr rose wants mother call number joe allen calls tuesday wants dwight call write true false statement quiz telephone speak loudly quickly telephone important write call write person calls hang immediately call don message call listen carefully information write message message taker important important report emergency classroom practice report emergency telephone follow rules emergency say re calling calm briefly explain problem sure message understood
give television news report need discover interesting story find real event report select important parts story pieces paper draw part story picture look television screen write sentence underneath picture give news report class show television pictures speak loudly clearly don forget look audience follow directions experiments science try experiments hard boiled egg glass water spoon box salt drop egg glass water stir salt water happens sheet newspaper piece wool chalkboard put sheet newspaper chalkboard rub newspaper wool newspaper sticks chalkboard put hand hand fold paper half happens empty bottle narrow neck small wad paper lay bottle side put small wad paper neck bottle try blow paper bottle happens veterinarians pet doctors help care pets try choose pet find care look books talk knows animals give directions class tell care pet
verb show read sentences notice underlined verbs wendy writes poems finished today verbs writes finished show action tell verbs show action notice underlined verbs wendy poem spring days warm sun gold winter dreary nights cold wendy wrote spring verbs show action full cheer springtime verbs show action verbs tell find verb shows sentence march days windy yesterday cloudy clouds puffy house today sunny glad write verb shows sentence kites friend paco favorite toys week book report kites book author wyatt brummit kites popular kite builder copy sentence draw line verb shows draw lines verb shows action early kites large leaves string piece vine kites fun scientists kites weather kites gather important information show wind air pressure kite air days large kite weighed tons thousand kites line happy kite windy draw picture kite fly write verbs
observers senses watch closely listen carefully notice details details describe observed observe reasons pet observe watch pet happy puppy wag tail kitten purr details describe happy animals lesson help learn observe complete read part book charlotte web story girl discovers things observing pet pig observe look details observation chart help record details eva observed frog science report look observation chart eva decided wanted find wrote ideas chart place find frog found observed carefully filled chart details observed try observer look picture page choose observe observation chart record details subject subject looks subject choose place today classroom playground place home choose observe observation chart place record chart details observe record details chart tell lesson need observe important remember details tell
collage collection things collage greeting card special person look newspapers magazines cut words pictures remind person cut person find single letters place words pictures sheet colored paper pleasing arrangement add yarn string materials paste place give card special person want mail kinds insects scientists say million discovered found scientists describe describe exactly scientists try choose insects shown page describe description exact classmates insect guess visited national park met naturalist naturalist studies nature national park service hires naturalists tours park give talks answer questions think walking encyclopedias pretend naturalist prepare short talk give park visitors pick nature topic interests topics bears eagles camping snakes national park write sentence underline adjectives
main word predicate sentence verb predicate sentence tells subject predicate sentence shown green ira edna unfold flag raise flag flagpole main word predicate underlined notice underlined word verb verbs found predicate sentence verbs show action actions ira edna verb predicate sentence derek makes flags friends cuts big rectangle white paper derek pastes red stripes adds blue square upper left corner draws fifty white stars write verb predicate marches parade june connie wanted american flag flag walked store store sells flags countries connie saw flags stars looked red white blue flags england france connie waved italy red green white flag salesperson told flag american flag thirteen stripes connie carried flag proudly write sentence underline verb ramon collects flags countries aunt lily gave mexican flag flag shows eagle eagle stands rock holds snake mouth march parade imagine band music crowds pretend carrying flag write sentences parade underline verbs sentences
listen teacher sure teacher wants homework write teacher says notebook homework materials need need textbook need things pencils pens erasers ruler notebook study place try find quiet place bother plan study decide studying plan exactly carry plan prepared sharp pencils eraser read listen directions carefully sure answer easy questions quickly read questions page beginning answer questions sure put light check sure don try answer questions sure choice answers narrow choice rid answers wrong mark answer think answer hardest questions answer question plan don spend question won answer need save check answers
telephone directory lists names addresses telephone numbers town area names listed alphabetical order listings written punctuation guide words top page names page page comes guide words guide words help decide looking page directory page answer questions frank telephone number street hana matsuo live town ann mackey live jim meade telephone number listed directory suppose want send letter dr lopez write street address encyclopedia set books facts places things encyclopedia entry tells important plant grows warm places cotton grows warm tropical places important plants grown fibers seeds fibers cloth seeds oil cattle food oil soaps paints cosmetics cotton green fruits called bolls ripe bolls split open inside mass white fibers seeds bolls harvested fibers separated seeds fibers spun yarn woven cloth sample encyclopedia entry answer questions cotton grow green fruits cotton plant called happens yarn spun fibers
friendly letter parts heading greeting body closing signature write address date heading put comma city date begin greeting capital letter put comma greeting indent paragraph body letter begin closing capital letter put comma closing write clearly signature dear han today daisy puppies adorable friend marie write friendly letter mail friend relative tell news address envelope write return address receiver address write address upper left hand corner return address shows return letter delivered center envelope write receiver address address person receive letter abbreviation chart page lists abbreviations postal service ruler draw envelope sample write information belongs address letter abbreviations names write names ten states visit side paper write abbreviations exchange papers read abbreviations partner wrote
sentences tells complete idea sentence jill tells say picture tell sentence picture sentence tell match sentence picture jill wall dog chased ball ball mud groups words sentences teams sentence tell teams teams run field sentence write sentence pair game play draw picture tell begin sentence capital letter end telling sentence statement period blue car stops write correct sentence pair write sentence correctly happening picture write statements words box help begin sentence capital letter end asking sentence question question mark write correct question pair copy sentences circle questions cat desk guess guessing games played school guesses think think read child asks write question correctly sentence parts naming part telling part match sentence parts say complete sentences match sentence parts write complete sentences picture help
group words sentence order makes sense ride bike school sentence copy groups words sentences write words sentence order read story put group words sentence order sentences combined captain kid jumps captain kid flies captain kid jumps flies sentences naming part telling parts put word put combined read sentences tell combined john swims john dives carmen ate soup carmen drank milk mike sang mike danced sandra rides horses sandra trains dogs bill game ann game bill ann game sentences telling part naming parts combined tell sentences combined boys school girls school kittens cute baby ducks cute combine words dark type write sentences run win sue fair jim fair birds build nests birds lay eggs sister read read discussion talking share ideas discuss problem talk ways solve problem classroom discussion talk ways classroom noisy follow rules discussion teacher write ideas
prewriting getting ideas writing finding ideas discovering idea want write writing putting ideas paper writing think say write worry mistakes fix later revising changing writing read writing aloud ask person listen talk wrote help decide change publishing sharing writing check writing mistakes called proofreading neat copy let enjoy writing messages important give information read messages places classmates write messages classroom signs share messages messages give kinds information talk classroom messages messages give directions messages say hello messages tell feel messages ask thoughtful messages classroom information helpful ideas teacher list ideas choose idea classroom message write message classroom sure sentences ask classmate read message talk wrote ask questions understand message need add words look message ross wrote wanted say added words revise message revising marks
prefix letter letters added beginning word write words prefixes let rewrap gift shoe untied unhappy rewrite story unpack renew book relit fire unkind rewrite sentences add prefix word dark type words stops starts opposites opposite meanings match opposites find opposites words dark type write sentences train doors close stand car city find opposites words dark type write sentences jets trips short whisper inside friends say hello plane early sad warm today think pair opposites draw picture word write sentence tells word exact verbs writing stop stop yelled sentences tell girl sentence tells tells girl spoke yelled exact verb find exact verbs hidden puzzle write verb listed write exact verb underlined verb words verb bank moved ball hat store bill hurt finger judy pool
winter morning peter woke looked window snow fallen night covered breakfast put snowsuit ran snow piled high street path walking crunch crunch crunch feet sank snow walked toes pointing walked toes pointing dragged feet tracks found sticking snow track stick stick smacking snow covered tree fell snow plop top peter head thought fun join big boys snowball fight knew wasn smiling snowman angels pretended mountain climber climbed big tall heaping mountain snow slid picked handful snow packed round firm put snowball pocket tomorrow warm house told mother adventures took wet socks thought thought thought bed looked pocket pocket empty snowball wasn felt sad
snowy bulletin board cut snowflakes white paper draw picture snow show hang pictures snowflakes bulletin board part peter tell classmates discover things place walk classroom look things touch things smell things ask questions class list write things discovered look story find verbs tell peter snowy act things think snowy exciting thing happen tell write story read sentences snowy write sentences story order peter put snowsuit peter dreamed snow melted peter friend snow peter walked climbed slid snow tell story snowy words tell favorite story class story order tell happened story needs ending ending tells happened answers questions reader write ending story think rosie dog loved catch things monty jump catch things air flip catch catcher block town rosie lived special contest dogs contenst rosie monty walked park
place ivy tree bird nest eggs bird brown eggs blue twigs moss think heard sound watching bird house house house says says mizzly drizzly looks believe frizzly foggy sounding froggy rains streets weepy windowpanes catkins poplar tree lighthouse scrubbed painted white lighthouse stay awake night eye sails patch sea lighthouse ships watching partner reading enjoy poetry favorite poem draw picture poem turns read poem partner partner reads listen look patterns poems find tell class skyscraper tickles thorns catch hold objects things
animal paths africa elephant walks parrots call forest wall leafy roof pink flamingo flies lizards cool tails pool lazy open eyes lie bed hear winter winds winter rain windowpane rolling drum think wildest africa jungles unknown parrots squawk parrot talk elephant walks names pets places begin capital letters names program begin capital letters write names correctly sentences titles begin capital letters titles end period look titles write sentences correctly write story correctly begin important words book title capital letters write titles correctly names days week begin capital letters sunday skate monday ride tuesday paint wednesday slide thursday jump friday run saturday comes fun days week school weekdays write answers days weekend days weekdays write favorite week sentence names months holidays special days begin capital letters write month pair sentences correctly
special special special friends alike live family love large family families small family large small grow change change means families change families changed family changed family members feelings happy sad happy sad feelings feelings family members help help help learn families things play families families celebrate special days birthdays special days holidays special days hawaii families celebrate statehood families rules rules help families rules families safe study pictures page answer question rules picture rules help family rule picture help family rule family picture rule help person special live families families change ways family members feelings family members help families things families celebrate special days read word point picture matches word makes special family tell helpful
puppet family draw family members cut paste sticks puppet show families change fold paper parts part draw picture helping part draw picture helping learn places girl learning bake father teaching home children learning swim learn pool school special place learn school place friends learn friends learn things school learn read learn listen numbers learn ways teacher helps help school rooms lunchroom library nurse office library side hall principal office rooms left side hall map map special kind picture help find places map shows school building shows school yard map map key help read map find map key school helpers janitor fixing desk helpers serving lunch helpers school boys girls helpers helper tell help school
live community place live communities neighborhoods neighborhood part community neighborhood neighbors neighbors help communities alike ways homes stores schools buildings places fun city large community live cities live apartment buildings apartment building home families kinds jobs city tall office buildings stores things factory factory worker making toy cars cities places fun enjoying baseball game parks cities park putting circus show plenty space sit watch zoo large cities animals fun watch zoo watching bear swim cities museum museum interesting things museums help learn lived ago give ideas future large cities communities community city called suburb suburbs smaller cities crowded suburbs homes family
farm community fewer city suburb farm community lot land open spaces live farms grow vegetables corn potatoes farms animals raised food food comes farm communities farm communities towns town small community smaller suburb town main street stores town street jobs farm young animals need special attention chickens fed fresh water fields planted cared machines help farm farm children help children help care animals farm animals need care friends job picking pumpkins fun helps communities weather weather seasons seasons spring summer fall winter pictures page show seasons look carefully pictures read sentences season sentence describes write answer sheet paper number paper plants flowers begin bloom leaves trees turn red yellow orange hot days homes communities heated
sally ride girl spent school playing baseball football boys neighborhood girl chosen team player chosen sally began play tennis soon young players country school sally continued love tennis sports interested studying science especially outer space picked young scientists train astronauts training program sally ride ready shock blast spaceship prepared weight space learned parachute learned repairs spaceship sally ride training chosen group fly space june sally ride american woman space flight spaceship challenger lasted days sally ride rest crew busy carrying scientific tests challenger finally landed sally ride returned astronaut husband texas thing remember flight took sally ride fun things learn globe direction look picture globe page find north pole north pole special place
physical feature part earth country large examples physical features florida peninsula water states hawaii entirely islands island body land water states alaska california colorado high mountains mountain land rises land find symbol mountains key map united states pages large part country flat flat grasslands stretching miles miles land called plain nebraska plains large bodies water earth large body water called ocean names oceans atlantic ocean pacific ocean indian ocean arctic ocean find pages oceans border touch country borders atlantic ocean north carolina states touch atlantic ocean states border pacific ocean borders arctic ocean states states border gulf gulf part ocean sea pushes land look map pages states border gulf mexico
look map opposite page believe want meet friends spot shown map tell meet street meet north street south street told meet north street information friends north street street tell friends meet told meet corner north street west avenue put finger top northern end west avenue put finger hand north street move fingers meet meet place marked map crossing lines called grid system grid system find describe location places map help find places maps mapmakers lines latitude learned line called equator equator halfway north pole south pole special line latitude numbered latitude lines measure distances north south equator distance measured degrees symbol degrees
students told teacher mrs reddrick wanted learn community mrs reddrick asked knew wilmington students discovered knew lot knew wilmington port city port place ships safe big waves strong winds stormy seas boys girls knew ships city port mrs reddrick asked students tell wanted study helped group class students interests look group studied community learned antonio tonya ben kelsey moved wilmington summer wanted maps maps help find places community decided maps mrs reddrick gave maps maps showed outlines places maps showed compass rose scale miles girls boys filled maps map keys antonio filled map united states colored north carolina red put black dot wilmington located antonio colored states tonya ben kelsey live put black dots communities located filled names places look antonio map live moving wilmington
amanda jason gelene jamie wanted learn community ago mrs reddrick told students special places wilmington important community past places learn deal wilmington history amanda visit places want study yes jamie books find places want visit need map wilmington amanda look map special places gelene happy camera pictures places visit maybe find pictures wilmington students decided school library learn wilmington talk mrs mowery librarian showed look names books card catalog alphabetical list books library cards drawers marked letters alphabet card tells things book tells title book author book mrs mowery showed students find books shelves found books wilmington mrs mowery told boys girls look encyclopedias sets books lot information things
bryant melissa vaughn susan mark wanted learn deg film studios large moviemaking company wilmington heard movie studio bryant seen filming scenes parts movies yes melissa learn movie industry company choose wilmington goes studio movie filmed mrs reddrick call deg film studios talked miss bednarczyk agreed give class tour studio sets miss bednarczyk met mrs reddrick class main gate miss bednarczyk started telling wilmington chosen site movie studio ago dino de decided film movie firestarter chose wilmington area saw picture orton plantation cover magazine wanted orton plantation film de italy liked wilmington fair weather warm climate built united states studio looked closely side penny noticed drawing looks building building lincoln memorial washington lincoln memorial honors abraham lincoln sixteenth president united states statue president lincoln inside memorial henry bacon lived wilmington north carolina drew plans lincoln memorial henry bacon moved family wilmington
lived area hannibal missouri native americans paddled canoes mighty mississippi river fished waters hunted shore area rich fur bearing animals black bears beaver deer mink france traveled part missouri ago french explorers led father jacques marquette louis joliet area explored mississippi river past later hannibal soon french trappers began spend part hannibal trapped animals skin sold skins trading posts trappers reported finding salt spring spring water bubbles ground water spring salty salt hard find costly buy word spread salt spring hoping profit salt sell money cost produce profit salt dug trench narrow ditch trench trees cut surrounding woods top wood salt makers big metal pots filled salty spring water burned wood trench boil water boiled water salt left bottom pots ashes burnt wood trench pieces pots seen farm hannibal
industries began develop factories shoes cement railroad equipment built businesses opened hannibal jobs moved area farmland hannibal changed days early settlers town grown today settlers hannibal today lived single houses early homes logs family needed build house announced house raising family gathered logs nearby forests neighbors help build house logs lifted place ends logs notched cut fit logs top feet tall roof built openings left fireplace door windows house finished filling cracks logs mixture mud straw grass fireplace stones sticks mud mud lined inside fireplace help sticks catching fire windows covered glass cloth opening door small door measuring feet wide feet high built cover opening homes built brick large stones found area
california states visit indio surrounding area warm climate ride horses miles special trails play golf golf courses hot air balloon rally draws thousands indio visitors fly balloons watch colorful balloons sail desert sky indio holds national date festival date fruit grows date palm trees area indio leading date producing areas huntington president southern pacific railroad brought date palm plants indio plants grew indio date capital united states max drain retired living indio longer works paying job freely indio chamber commerce groups town drain wants indio place live drain tells dates national date festival thanks irrigation farmers grow crops desert irrigation carrying water pipes ditches canals lands dry today dates famous crop lot required produce dates past climb tree times dates ready picked trees branches cut dates needed protection rain birds paper bags bunch dates tree today date growers special machines help
ranchers farmers trying raise animals crops county fairs help fairs held counties united states county political division county fair ranchers prize winning animals talk owners ranchers compare ways feeding livestock animals sold livestock show held fair auctions held auction animals sold pay highest price fair farmers prize winning farm products talk farmers compare ways raising crops shows farm machinery equipment special classes teach ways care animals crops county fair fun place spend children pet parade boys girls march parade pets marching bands schools county play fair contests bakes cake pie eat watermelon attraction county fair rodeo rodeo group contests show skills cowgirls cowboys rodeo comes spanish word rodear meaning surround round word rodeo part language events rodeo event bull riding tests cowhand animal
learned natural resources help cities towns grow discovery oil caused cities grow cities bartlesville oklahoma native americans lived area trader named nelson carr moved area sell products indians jacob barltes bought carr business set post office soon town major oil drilled bartlesville later santa fe railroad arrived town oil loaded railroad cars carried parts country transportation hand drilled wells early oil wells bartlesville houses oil boom caused bartlesville grow rapidly today city population businesses bartlesville oil remains important industry mrs turner lives bartlesville works oil company part job visits places company searching oil mrs turner places tell places company looks oil oil ground drilling wells place learn miles bartlesville paved roads places drilling deep holes dirt road big trucks carry tools
responsible conservation citizen tries resources wisely today showing care earth resources communities country worked air breathe cleaner worked hard towns cities clean polluted water worked laws passed protect forests kinds wildlife communities shown citizens built parks planted trees flowers worked hard clean communities conserving natural resources idea citizens worked conservation ago president theodore roosevelt interested conservation sick young boy spent liked walk forests filled wildflowers plants trees watched birds animals forests learned names saw lived learned animals need plants food doors teddy roosevelt healthy taught things nature cared land president united states roosevelt wanted protect natural resources talked members congress need conservation congress group picked laws united states president congress millions acres national forests
holidays celebrated remember famous kind holiday takes place birthday person remembered think famous person birthday celebrate celebrations help remember special friends known celebration national cherry blossom festival washington held spring cherry trees covered flowers celebration reminds friendship japan united states city tokyo japan gave cherry trees city washington helen taft wife president william howard taft planted cherry trees country capital trees grown thousands spring enjoy beautiful flowers special events planned festival lighting japanese stone lantern playing japanese american music shows art crafts japan visited washington festival celebration honor group held bismarck north dakota find bismarck map united states pages celebration called united tribes international wow native americans tribes canada united states part celebration indian tribe group families share wow meeting largest gathering native americans nation
settlers england arrived english set colonies atlantic coast colony place located distance country governs countries england scotland wales joined form kingdom britain map page find area called united kingdom today britain britain called british british colonies america passed colonies felt treated fairly britain want pay taxes britain asked pay felt britain british soldiers american colonies fighting broke massachusetts colonists british soldiers month colonies speak big meeting philadelphia pennsylvania called delegates job decide trouble britain colonists wanted remain british rule colonists wanted throw rule britain delegates voted american colonies free independent country idea set writing call declaration independence read important paper chapters
civil war ended slavery slaves free american citizens places rights americans unfair treatment changed civil war dr martin luther king jr set bring equal rights americans martin luther king jr born january atlanta georgia civil rights leader civil rights rights americans law american citizens vote american citizens treated fairly equally public places dr king minister church city montgomery alabama city south black riding city buses sit seats black woman named rosa parks bus found seats filled working tired sat seat arrested dr martin luther king jr woman seat citizens dr king leader black montgomery refused ride buses rights riders dr king told strong force violence finally won
lines latitude longitude helpful finding places map halfway north pole south pole special line circles entire earth line called equator half earth called hemisphere land water north equator called northern hemisphere land water south equator called southern hemisphere continent live northern hemisphere find northern hemisphere continent map equator line latitude lines run map called lines latitude equator north pole called lines north latitude equator south pole called lines south latitude equator important line latitude lines latitude measure distances north south equator distances measured degrees symbol degrees equator numbered latitude lines easier find places lines longitude set lines drawn maps lines run north pole south pole special longitude line called prime meridian numbered longitude longitude lines measure distances east west prime meridian prime meridian passes greenwich england prime meridian divides earth half east west land water west prime meridian called western hemisphere land water east prime meridian called eastern hemisphere look map put finger line longitude marked move finger city philadelphia philadelphia found west longitude
chapter learned important maps learning maps important part astronaut job astronauts learn things important things astronauts learn live spaceship flight space space flight lasts days living space living earth air space live air breathe spaceships carry air astronauts space objects lack weight float air inside spaceship held floating astronauts hang handles spaceship held straps ties small spaceships astronauts strapped couches order sleep today larger spaceships special place set sleeping astronauts packages sleeping bags packages attached spaceship float air spaceship carry food length flight early spaceships room food small freeze dried water removed frozen meals today spaceships easier prepare eat food small size warmed galley kitchen water provided drinking washing astronauts wear special suits protect dangers space flights danger speed takeoff rocket lifts spaceship air speed reach miles hour km hour sudden speed puts pressure bodies astronauts learned living space
look piece antarctica appears antarctica makes tenth earth land surface largest piece asia asia earth largest continent live north america part circle think represents north america kinds graphs bar graph bar graph shows information bars sample kind information shown bar graph thing read bar graph read title graph temperatures york city look graph average december temperature average temperature july january york coldest month warmest month kind graph discuss called line graph line graphs show things change period look line graph shows number living united states increased graph show population united states photographs drawings diagrams study earth photograph important source information looking photograph getting information photographs show looked kind clothing wore worked played photographs show buildings streets looked pictures things changed study photographs page show place times photograph top page
tropical rain forest airplane ride flying tropical forest look looks big green blanket actually looking top branches leaves tallest trees green blanket called canopy looks round trees broadleaf evergreens leaves broadleaf evergreen trees stay green round airplane landed travel boat river forest boat forest looks thick green wall places wall feet high docking boat riverbank begin cut path forest knives axes inside forest open tree trunks sizes hard walk ground soft wet sponge tree roots ground upper branches canopy flowering plants root hanging branches vines growing things look ropes ropelike vines known creepers watched tarzan television swung tree swung creepers visit inside tropical forest tropical forests exciting scary places light dim dense canopy blocks sunshine hear sounds animals thick trees bushes hot air humid damp insects especially mosquitoes fly moist ground snakes spiders anteaters lizards return home think exciting visit chance strange plants beautiful flowers
thought earliest settlers hawaii islands polynesia big canoes thousand ago europe united states found islands english sea captain named james cook landed islands found living today live hawaii backgrounds polynesians chinese japanese united states mainland homes hawaii countries homes hawaii backgrounds proud live fourths hawaii live city honolulu island oahu honolulu hawaii capital honolulu tourist industry jobs army navy air force bases honolulu honolulu small rural villages village hana eastern part island maui look map page find island villages hawaii hana coast sandy beach protects village big waves beach slopes steep mountains covered thick tropical forests earlier times hana living fishing ocean hunting forest live farming tourist industry
ways puerto rico hawaii distance equator trade winds oceans blow kinds plants trees found hawaii grow puerto rico differences hawaii puerto rico oceans hawaii pacific ocean puerto rico atlantic ocean hawaii states puerto rico puerto rico laws puerto ricans american citizens puerto ricans wish someday ask island fifty look map page puerto rico islands west indies miles km florida puerto rico southern coast caribbean sea sea part atlantic ocean puerto rico fly miami southern florida draw imaginary line miami puerto rico line alongside islands cuba hispaniola lower map page islands puerto rico line peaks huge mountain range rising beneath sea puerto rico miles km miles km wide line hills rising mountains runs east west center puerto rico land low coast island puerto rico cities largest city san juan capital
northern edge mojave desert narrow valley sunk high mountains called death valley death valley lowest place united states point feet level sea death valley lowest place united states driest hottest place inches cm rain middle summer temperature rises hot summer live hot dry valley indians gave place indian means ground fire visited valley gold discovered california gold rush john sutter landowner california plans build sawmill american river american river located northern california sutter hired carpenter named james marshall marshall saw shining stream mill picked looked closely gold word spread quickly gold found california gold rush began thousands set california looking gold gold rush began called forty gold seekers traveled wagon trains california trip dangerous trails rough poorly marked wagon trains travel miles km gold seekers tried find shortcut california western mountains deserts group travelers found hot dry valley surrounded mountains food water oxen pulling wagons weak ready drop
mojave desert mineral resources iron ore found places large amounts salt limestone limestone cement recent homes factories built california imagine cement needed buildings makes limestone important resource mojave desert large amounts borax soft white mineral factories making washing powder supermarket find borax look shelf laundry detergents death valley places borax found ago dig picks shovels terrible heat carried death valley big heavy carts teams mules pulled carts hot desert mining easier today deposits borax surface today big machines strip soil borax scooped machines loaded trucks kind mining top ground called open pit mining iron ore mined small supplies ores gold silver lead copper mined hills death valley mojave desert getting crowded say crowded future hard tell movement area desert fear roads bring cars roads bring industry cars factories bring pollution air land water dirty harm plants animals mojave desert think
lailah khali girl lives riyadh capital saudi arabia brother ibraham father manager cement factory mother keeps household running smoothly raises children riyadh city desert headquarters saudi arabia oil industry seen recent buildings torn place risen tall office apartment buildings dusty narrow roads wide paved streets lined palm trees home khali family newer parts growing city low box shaped building walls cement blocks center small courtyard open sky cement wall feet high runs house home simply nicely furnished chairs khalis saudi families prefer sit rugs floor cushions boys girls separate schools saudi arabia lailah fourth grade classmates girls lailah studies arithmetic geography history arabic religion islam later grade start learning english week lailah goes school saturday wednesday weekend thursday friday friday special worship moslems period months school vacation month girls freedom boys choosing kind girls trained home wives mothers home kinds teaching nursing open women taking place saudi arabia mrs khali girl opportunity school
louisiana divided regions mississippi alluvial plain land found path mississippi river plain runs arkansas border gulf mexico part region delta located mouth end mississippi river delta covers square miles sq km richest farmland louisiana regions louisiana west gulf coastal plain east gulf coastal plain west gulf coastal plain includes land louisiana west mississippi alluvial plain plain swamps swamps deposits salt natural gas oil sulfur found east gulf coastal plain land found east mississippi alluvial plain region swamps south west rolling hills north temperature louisiana part southern louisiana average temperature winter summer average temperature northern louisiana average winter temperature degrees cooler southern part summer temperatures stay northern southern parts louisiana climate louisiana hot humid louisiana receives lot rain average rainfall inches cm combination lot rain hot humid climate louisiana growing season growing season days southern parts crops grown round violent storms hit coast louisiana gulf mexico
rich soil climate north china plain place farming percent china wheat grown united states soviet union grow wheat china north china plain produces half china cotton important crops soybeans vegetables tobacco china leads production rice crop grown southern china remember learning farming soviet union chapter learned government soviet union owns land operates farms farms china run ago farmers give land government china government run communists farms china combined big farms farm put groups group told grow wheat grow vegetables group raise hogs care farm machinery machines coming farms farm fields plowed animals planted weeded harvested hand government leaders say crop grown crops feed cities china big task food large population china farmers able provide food china imports small part total amount food needs feed country depends weather floods droughts famine famine takes place food past thousands china died times famine early communist leader took china
plain learned continent asia learn plain continent africa country called kenya turn map page part kenya eastern boundary indian ocean notice equator runs middle kenya kenya equator expect hot kenya hot surprise find snow round part tropical country place snow found top high mountain named mount kenya thousand feet land rises elevation temperature drops mount kenya feet high temperature peak colder sea level kenya ship land coastal plain mombasa city harbors africa kenya coastal plain hot humid pleasant sandy beaches cooled breezes indian ocean coconut palm trees shelter hot sun coastal plain plains country kenya plains cover thirds country plains top plateaus plains kenya rise elevation sea level coast feet inland parts plains climate desertlike rainfall areas inches cm temperature elevation land lowland areas average temperature
states regions transportation system depend things need early days country roads ships sailed coasts boats rivers means transportation roads canals railroads built today highways stretching country trucks carry raw materials manufactured products part united states ships boats railroads important means transportation materials shipped airplane means transportation states regions depend transportation played important part development industry country ago things needed homes shops today things need factories factories united states located northeastern part country factories built rivers power running water turned wheels ran machinery factories machines ran waterpower later industry began develop lakes region water run machines industries water transportation waterways bring factories raw materials needed waterways taking products factories stores transportation improved industrial centers developed states california texas centers industry oil natural gas helped industry develop states states coasts raw materials manufactured goods carried ships smaller industrial centers parts country located close supplies materials
south korea peninsula east country china look map page find country south korea notice country north korea found peninsula south korea thousands countries united separate countries formed called north korea south korea early war fought countries war known korean war war united states countries helped south korea countries stopped north korea taking south korea today united states south korea allies official south korea republic south korea small country area square miles sq km south korea smaller area illinois studied chapter south korea large population million live south korea south korea changed past today advanced industrial countries leaving farms factories types businesses reason change improvements south korea schools laws south korea require students finish sixth grade students graduate high school students attend college reason growth industry south korea availability laborers workers important industries south korea making steel south korea leading producers steel steel important product construction buildings highways bridges steel ships automobiles today south korea leading countries shipbuilding
let begin study finding located united states turn map pages physical political map united states physical map shows mountains plains forms land water political map shows names boundaries cities states find map book learned kinds regions forest regions desert regions plains regions mountain regions kind region kind region learned unit rockies appalachians large mountain ranges united states rockies appalachians pass part mountains pass called wholly partly plains central plains coastal plain kinds plains states share border body water river boundaries states border pacific ocean live states states border gulf mexico live states larger number states share border canada live states lakes border states live states states share border atlantic ocean live states states border names neighboring states
weather unusual united states europe called summer snow fell connecticut june killing frosts july august odd weather volcano halfway mount tambora indonesia erupted find indonesia atlas map lies equator mount tambora eruption threw huge amounts dust upper air dust circled earth sun rays reaching earth surface reason cold summer halfway earth interesting unusual summer important kind weather normal usual pattern place period call pattern climate area climate includes temperature humidity precipitation wind days sunshine normal seasons place maps clearest facts climate look map page shows annual average temperatures average temperature part united states map page shows average annual precipitation learn map amount rain lands crossed equator lands located north pole south pole precipitation climate affects live kinds clothes wear depend part climate live affects kinds houses build igloos desert heat sahara
important source information newspaper date account happening newspapers designed read quickly efficiently stories front page newspaper supposed important happenings plan issue decide events important decision partly matter opinion opinions affect information find newspaper especially front page headline news story tells words headlines give limited amount information emphasize favorable unfavorable view event wise readers look headlines ask questions headline fair tell story newspapers print editorials express opinions judgments news editorials separately news special editorial page editorials express policies paper political candidates sorts public issues cartoons editorial page express editorial opinions papers page publish articles disagree paper policies publish letters readers strongly disagree position paper wise understand read paper realize news stories written hurry reporters information want space write newspapers cover part happened
build costly temples offerings god reason building city walls thought safety depended practices believed god pleased city safe enjoy times god pleased city suffer troubles failure crops hunger sickness defeat battle cities began city ruled government ruled mesopotamia cities quarreled land quarrels led war war cities chose person leader person power entire city hoped war leader save city defeat learned defeat war meant death slavery war leader power give times continued rule city danger passed city city war leader king city king sargon sargon ruled akkad ca sargon war leader content rule city akkad war cities brought sumer northern half mesopotamia rule sargon created empire empire lands brought rule government think deed sargon person called conquered empire
romans created empire wrote books books read today julius caesar wrote gallic war account war gaul land call france caesar wrote clearly students today learn latin reading history book cicero roman lawyer lived caesar wrote books books government law wrote letters tell rome cicero died writings read cicero sayings familiar sayings cicero hope worst enemy believe hears added insult injury happened born remain forever child think saying means rome girls boys taught read write children learned mathematics ideas greek roman scholars children grew write works lasted romans remembered today caesar cicero august cloud flame smoke burst mount vesuvius southern italy bay naples ashes rocks fell snow hail burying villages towns including resort city pompeii trapped homes shops died
map pages atlas shows single landmass called eurasia combination europe asia continents europe asia landmass europe peninsula huge landmass learned peninsula piece land extending water larger body land europe fits definition sailed black sea barents sea sail sides europe europe large peninsula smaller peninsulas northern europe large hook shaped peninsula encloses side baltic sea base peninsula country finland countries norway sweden part called scandinavia look map show part scandinavia north arctic circle smaller northern peninsula known jutland located north sea baltic sea country denmark jutland southwestern europe iberian peninsula separates mediterranean sea atlantic ocean southern tip iberian peninsula nearly touches africa narrow strait gibraltar separates continents countries spain portugal located iberian peninsula easy recognize italian peninsula boot shaped land extends mediterranean sea peninsula balkan lies adriatic aegean black seas
king queen farms parts kingdom middle ages king live meant royal manors supply food things needed royal household knights officials servants king queen family part royal household royal household needed things generally moved kingdom royal manor farmer possibly feed animals william conqueror spent christmas manor gloucester easter manor winchester fiefs king queen vassals number manors vassals give manors fiefs order knights promised king peasants worked manors serfs serfs free leave permission lord manor serfs attached land belonged manor trees manor forest grass pastures belonged manor manor divided large fields field divided narrow strips land strips grow crops lord manor strips raise crops church rest strips serfs planting harvesting large fields serfs working part crop grew strips land set
size soviet union creates problems country requires huge costly system transportation large supplies resources transported needed forest trees siberia timber houses places live rich mineral deposits east urals brought smelters factories products add country wealth distances soviet union obstacle country development large rivers natural highways travel transport goods roads rivers united states routes interior north american continent trade travel rivers speed development united states soviet union number rivers provide natural water routes europe lands east urals rivers european russia flow south dnieper don rivers empty black sea serve routes constantinople russian territories east volga longest river europe flows caspian sea caspian inland sea outlets major siberian rivers flow north thinly inhabited land ob yenisey lena rivers empty arctic ocean ice blocks streams months result limited transportation siberia resources soviet rivers improved building canals important canal city volgograd makes move barges don volga rivers
soviet union communist party supposed elite group elite means skillful communists actively party loyally support party line official party position person considered active loyal asked leave party fewer ten adults soviet union today belong communist party times past proportion smaller party government lot vote soviet officials claim percent adults part election voters choice soviet election person running office approved communist party vote approved person chance vote oppose party line soviet union read deal newspapers printed soviet union united states government publishing houses turn large number books books newspapers print material communists government communist party publishes pravda means truth russian country leading newspaper pravda news party thinks read criticizes government wants criticized pravda seldom prints news crime soviet union country look bad communist party newspaper official voice government countries read learn government views
tourists moscow soviet union capital largest city europe place visit tomb lenin kremlin wall red square lenin leader russian revolution country official hero russian friend american writer warned joke things lenin lenin tomb reminders importance soviet union number streets squares factories schools institutions named lenin statues seen soviet union picture appears offices factories schools public buildings homes apartments earliest children school taught think lenin ideal person teachers encourage kindergarten children decorate picture classroom flowers ribbons holidays older students taught thinkers study writings speeches writers leaders repeat words prove arguments nations honor heroes countries today soviets honoring official hero hundred ago kremlin wooden stockade similar built early settlers america wooden wall served fort wooden stockade replaced times stronger walls present red brick wall built columbus discovered america buildings rose walls greatest change took place end war communist government replaced tsars
show wanted mustafa kemal mustafa kemal ataturk ataturk means father turks ataturk thought names accept lived ataturk wanted turkish change dressed believed changed dressing change thinking turkey wore small hat flat top brim called fez ataturk ordered turkisn wear hats worn western europe fez banned women turkey wore veils hide faces public places ataturk veils longer worn ataturk wanted turkish women change dressed modern nation women equal past girls turkey school home ataturk ordered women jobs business government women vote votes votes count republic turkey run ataturk wanted think turks moslems government laws limited powers religious leaders closed religious schools opened schools run government allowed broadcast readings koran radio
tourists african countries modern cities modern hotels office buildings africa look cities africa hoping lions elephants zebras giraffes living wild want africa read adventure books africa changing africa wild animals roam freely visitors large national parks game reserves fortunately africa number nature reserves serengeti national park tanzania largest africa wonderful variety wild animals birds serengeti national park located east lake victoria extends border kenya covers area large connecticut touches partly protected reserves neighboring tanzania kenya serengeti national park savanna scattered trees higher elevations grazing land east africa thousands wildebeests animals feed rolling high plains wildebeest means wild cattle wildebeests type antelope visitors park wildebeests types antelopes gazelles impalas small sounds shown picture striped zebras seen mixing huge wildebeest herds protection grazing animals need protection serengeti home lions thousand park visitors driven small groups lions called prides hiding tall grass dangerous wildebeest calf wander herd lions hungry
forest grows quickly takes soil build leaves materials fall ground decay trees bushes draw minerals deep soil patch cleared burned minerals spread surface ashes crops grow forest farming hard farmers hoes plows dig stumps roots cleared land machines harvest crops grow side side ripen times deal land farmers shift field field recent times number african rain forest grown need food farmers reclear land waiting forest build soil land poor grow crops trees heavy rains wash soil farming makes nearly useless farmers forest grow food trading neighbors past century africans growing cash crops cash crop sold money grower cash crops grown sale lands cotton peanuts grown country sudan upper nile sold countries europe middle east africa rain forests suited growing tree crops oil coconut palms rubber cacao trees produce valuable cash crops grown western central africa parts eastern africa
american tropics climates tropical africa asia lands equator warm humid rains point danger frost areas covered large rain forests amazon basin northwestern part brazil covered tropical forest amazon rain forest largest tropical forest covers area thirds size united states lands immediately north south equator climates warm dry winters dry seasons months lands dry seasons savannas similar africa covered forest trees smaller thick rain forest look map page savanna areas mainly venezuela brazil south america imagine place stand equator build snowman lived andes mountains country ecuador temperatures climbs mountains snow mountains winter nearby lowlands rain latin america live high mountains temperatures cool named climates found elevations moutains live low elevations temperatures warm called tierra caliente spanish hot lands
maya skilled astronomers predict movements sun moon planets calendar accurate europe maya kind picture writing similar egyptians maya farmers built terraces flat land hillsides raised areas marshy land plant crops maya shifting cultivation maya lived kinds lands traded products lands tropical lowlands salt honey herbs herbs plants medicine flavor food highlands maya traded valuable stones jade obsidian jade green stone ornaments obsidian black stone knives arrowpoints spearpoints tools maya fine artisans artisan person skilled making things maya excellent stone carvers painters pottery makers maya built roads connected cities roads trade travel easier maya civilization ended stopped building temples tikal mayan cities abandoned left forest mayan civilization northern part yucatan peninsula mayan cities survive shadow earlier greatness mayan civilization end success
costa rica escaped unrest dictatorship recent costa rica revolution government power decided country need army costa rica countries military money countries spend defense spent schools hospitals houses poor things costa rica large middle class costa rica country peaceful democracy isthmus central america blocks travel caribbean sea pacific ocean balboa saw pacific ocean looked ways cross central america place cross panama distance pacific ocean caribbean sea miles km french company began build canal panama project failed problem faced disease yellow fever malaria killing thousands workers united states government decided try building canal panama signed treaty united states gave permission build canal doctor united states dr william gorgas discovered malaria yellow fever carried mosquitoes mosquitoes breed standing water getting rid places diseases eliminated problems solved took ten hard finish canal ship sailed panama canal united states owned ran panama canal panama unhappy united states control panama canal
ptolemy read put grid map easier locate places modern mapmakers set lines grid called parallels lines latitude parallel equator run direction earth equator lines form circles means trace parallel finger finger distance equator moves earth parallels measure distances side equator poles equator poles quarter circle measured degrees circle degrees quarter circle north equator north pole degrees degrees south equator south pole units measure written think parallel degree say parallels north equator parallels south mapmakers draw parallel compare atlas map north america political map shows twentieth parallel map north america shows tenth parallel mapmakers draw lines longitude north pole south pole lines called meridians meridian crosses circle formed equator meridian degree circle equator
fairy tales begin beginning fairy tale write columbus discovered america later american astronauts landed moon statement columbus astronauts true clear events took place knowing times journeys important part knowing columbus discovered america nearly ago landing moon later order easy clear events happened date give happened columbus discovered america american astronauts landed moon date events month asked birth date give date april order date events number count call count ago writers date events ruler reign ruled dates book written ago cyrus king persia sixth reign darius king think date event remembering happened grade means entered grade
articles encyclopedias arranged alphabetically article egypt volume labled find additional information egypt volumes article nile egypt river volume find articles looking index list related articles follows main article list end article egypt suggest find information turning articles irrigation pharoah pyramids sphinx list index follow trail information volume volume encyclopedia articles list books tell subject reason encyclopedia place look information encyclopedia starting place write articles encyclopedia author follows article position author suggest knows subject encyclopedias publish yearbooks volumes brought date information important subjects articles country sum important things happened separate articles important events yearbooks indexes help find information encyclopedias browsing looking looking magazine pictures articles subjects topic interest
romans hailed octavian emperor title meant commander senate gave augustus meaning honored augustus powerful king wisely avoided title knew romans felt kings emperor augustus gained powers uncle augustus wanted carry uncle plans lived caesar ruled augustus ruled empire writers call reign augustus golden age rome livy important roman thinkers writers lived roads beautiful buildings works created augustus found rome brick left marble read works later chapter augustus emperors rule roman empire centuries reign marked beginning period peace died emperors ruled skill wisdom hand ruled badly kings misused powers monarchy emperors abused power monarchy power rome grew boundaries boundaries carthage eastern mediterranean kings ruled alexander empire fought warring kings turned rome support discovered helped rome controlled rome alps rome conquered europe north rhine danube rivers
types buddhists emperor asoka emperor recall ruler number lands asoka grandfather father conquered number smaller kingdoms indian subcontinent created indian empire asoka emperor ca war largest kingdoms remained empire sufferings caused wars began weigh heavily asoka wondered results conquests unconquered country conquered killed die hardships captive thoughts caused asoka change heart turned teaching buddha find rule asoka conqueror asoka peace loving ruler asoka worked conquered trees planted roads travelers animals shade wells dug water told officials controlled calm mind gentle dealing asoka felt government past slow help showed officials wanted act telling ready care business hours places asoka teacher ruler buddhist teachings carved stone places empire stones exist carry messages kill living things
easy today king alfred hide england forests wooded places england forestland europe put countries western europe forests thick forests cover greater part finland scandinavia lumbering important industry france forests black forest entire region west germany coniferous forest germans leaders showing forests destroying germany trees grown harvested crops trees cut mature reach full growth cutting mature trees space sunlight young trees grow amount wood cut greater growth europe valuable resources rich soil soil top layer earth plants grow plants soil found fortunately western europe plenty soil growing kinds crops europe valuable mineral resources deposits coal iron lead zinc copper salt oil land places oil waters north sea places europe supplies building stone stone valuable rare cut stone building crushed stone needed making concrete early times tools stone
bertha kinsky young girl austria read uncle tom cabin american writer harriet beecher stowe book told suffering caused slavery later bertha wrote book compared uncle tom cabin bertha book lay arms told suffering caused wars bertha took job governess vienna home baron von fell love son arthur baron approve bertha paris alfred nobel inventor dynamite bertha paris week arthur persuaded marry live russia returning vienna bertha began think seriously wars wrote fixed idea wars cease bertha began lay arms read wars visited battlefields talked eye witnesses lay arms appeared huge success russian writer leo tolstoy book uncle tom cabin slavery america book peace bertha convinced alfred nobel leave part fortune peace prize nobel peace prize awarded bertha von woman win bertha von died june months later war began bertha von visited united states york harbor
small independent states italian peninsula surrounded italy republic san marino vatican city called country san marino area square miles sq km located slopes mountain central italy san marino claims oldest existing republic tiny country dates beginning fourth century vatican city lies entirely city rome takes vatican palace residence pope pope head roman catholic church ruler vatican city city covers square mile making smallest independent iberian peninisula lies mediterranean sea atlantic ocean separated rest europe pyrenees mountains countries iberian peninsula spain portugal andorra spain largest largest country western europe andorra tucked pyrenees spain france smallest half size york city spanish east coast iberian peninsula true mediterranean climate greater part peninsula high plateau looking map page climate central plateau differs mediterranean coast summers hotter winters colder madrid spain capital largest city sits middle central plateau
size soviet union creates problems country requires huge costly system transportation large supplies resources transported needed forest trees siberia timber houses places live rich mineral deposits east urals brought smelters factories products add country wealth distances soviet union obstacle country development large rivers natural highways travel transport goods roads rivers united states routes interior north american continent trade travel rivers speed development united states soviet union number rivers provide natural water routes europe lands east urals rivers european russia flow south dnieper don rivers empty black sea serve routes constantinople russian territories east volga longest river europe flows caspian sea caspian inland sea outlets major siberian rivers flow north thinly inhabited land ob yenisey lena rivers empty arctic ocean ice blocks streams months result limited transportation siberia resources
joke camels american writer mark twain fun visited middle east hundred ago think camel beautiful animal joked eating habits noted ate plants stickers pierce leather twain supposed real treat camel keg nails supper type camel mark twain saw middle east dromedary dromedary camel hump camels humps called bactrian camels camels found mainly central asia funny looking humps mark twain joked actually hump pile fat skin camel stores energy food eats hump stored energy makes camel food days camels water periods camel drink gallons water drink days week camel drinking days find food animals mark twain thought amusing important learned deserts camels provide milk meat hides north africa middle east cattle places
natural resource depends knowledge ancient middle east oil knowledge oil valuable modern scientists inventors discovered ways century oil important source wealth middle east modern oil region drilled iran drilled united states modern wells began producing oil iraq land mesopotamia ancient times discoveries vast oil deposits countries persian gulf place countries leading producers mid soviet union united states produced oil saudi arabia oil found countries north africa libya algeria largest north african producers development oil fields middle east north africa brought rapid countries region read chapter oil renewable resource oil pumped ground oil replace forests renewable resource means trees forest cut trees replace
turkish invasion middle east helped bring invasion crusades read crusades chapter invaders europe byzantine ruler constantinople message pope urban ii head church rome asking help fighting moslem turks pope urban wanted fight moslems defending constantinople wanted christians conquer region middle east called holy land pope urban preached famous sermon called christian knights europe part crusade war cross moslem turks pope words excited listeners especially declared moslems attacking travelers holy land news urban speech spread christian europe thousands women promised join fight wars known crusades began sorts promised holy land fight crusades knights feudal lords towns peasants army organized common formed crusade members crusade knew fighting war weapons fought battles crusade left high spirits crusade army crowd led monk named peter hermit known walter penniless crusade begged stole food traveled middle east learned chapter marco polo wrote book travels returned europe important part book tells saw china served kublai khan marco polo superlatives writing china superlatives words largest greatest richest marco polo kublai khan richest ruler palace biggest known ruled largest population valuable goods found markets china stone bridge chinese river equalled marco polo exaggerated things greater tell seen journey truth marco polo description china rich thickly populated land population china europe remarkable marco polo number city peking greater mind grasp exaggerated amount goods sold peking exceeds place chinese practices marvelous marco polo common today thought chinese smart paper money course paper money common today europe marco polo chinese selected government officials unusual europeans ago
learned chapter marco polo wrote book travels returned europe important part book tells saw china served kublai khan marco polo superlatives writing china superlatives words largest greatest richest marco polo kublai khan richest ruler palace biggest known ruled largest population valuable goods found markets china stone bridge chinese river equalled marco polo exaggerated things greater tell seen journey truth marco polo description china rich thickly populated land population china europe remarkable marco polo number city peking greater mind grasp exaggerated amount goods sold peking exceeds place chinese practices marvelous marco polo common today thought chinese smart paper money course paper money common today europe marco polo chinese selected government officials unusual europeans ago
bangladesh known east pakistan independent large majority moslems bangladesh hindus pakistan bangladesh low lying country land swampy delta ganges brahmaputra rivers soil rich floods monsoon rains dacca capital feet sea level bangladesh poorest countries asia densely populated countries bangladesh rich farmland produce crops rice export crops tea jute grown bangladesh able repair damage earlier wars bangladesh called republic elections held government bangladesh controlled military leaders island country sri lanka located india southeast coast sri lanka known ceylon island exports natural rubber coconuts tea called ceylon tea sri lanka large deposits graphite black material pencil leads religion language divide sri lanka percent singhalese percent tamils singhalese official language country tamil languages southern india singhalese buddhists religion tamils hindus christians moslems live sri lanka tamils complain treated fairly want partition island states
europeans single city town farm australia continent europeans called early australians aborigines word aborigines means earliest known inhabitants place aborigines spelled capital means earliest known inhabitants australia aborigines hunters gatherers cultivate land hunted gathered food aborigines weapons sticks stones shells bones hunted spears boomerangs boomerangs flat curved sticks return thrower aborigines heavy war boomerang boomerang return hit person yards search food aborigines move lived small tribes tribe hunting place aborigines build permanent houses shelters sticks grass bark left moved place place aborigines skilled food gatherers knew find fruits berries birds eggs nuts edible insects insects fit eat aborigines gathered shellfish crabs kinds grass seeds places streams ponds aborigines able moisture roots plants cut bark paperback trees draw cups water minutes aborigines form writing older passed knowledge younger word mouth
map drawn reason information shown map fit intended purpose textbook classroom maps give general information part maps called general purpose maps information area shown greatest reader general purpose maps show national borders large rivers lakes oceans seas important cities major railroads highways show differences elevation colors elevation height land mountains plains features land surface put map maps called physical political maps show physical features political boundaries political boundaries nations states counties look atlas section begins page examples maps book general purpose maps globes classroom wall maps general purpose maps special kind general purpose map topographic map kind map shows topography area shows details area natural features features topographic maps show small area detailed information maps classroom topographic maps military surveyors geologists engineers pilots hikers mountain climbers needs detailed information small area reason topographic maps show differences elevation purpose series lines called contours
united states daylight saving summer clocks set ahead hour spring fall clocks set hour standard daylight saving helps enjoy extra hour daylight summer enjoy sunny summer evenings winter extra hour early morning light explorer magellan sailed recorded voyage magellan crew carefully recorded trip ship log thought returned spain sunday september surprise found date port monday september happened missing ship crew miscounted magellan ship clear sailing west crew sailed slowly gained sun sailing actually took full earth rotation crew record spanish date correct travels earth similar experience goes earth east west clock earlier lost goes west east clock later gains order gain loss place earth days gained lost replaced international date line imaginary line marks place calendar begins roughly follows meridian middle pacific ocean airplane crosses international date line date change
months days lunar months length february days leap lunar solar solar sun based periodic motion earth called revolution revolution movement earth sun path earth sun called orbit takes days earth trip orbit revolution sun lunar days days shorter solar solar controls change seasons takes lunar seasons starts january beginning winter january beginning fall january month beginning summer seasons solar lunar thirty lunar making adjustments match seasons egyptians careful observers heavens discover length solar discovery ago thought days number degrees circle later learned real length days
radisson lived longer kind person called opportunist loyal france england radisson country paid worked hudson bay company left france led raids english forts hudson bay earlier helped build english member hudson bay company finally radisson pension company pension money paid company person retired lived age england died bad feelings french english grew worse ill feeling centered acadia acadia english called nova scotia claimed france england nations fought land century english finally captured acadia drove french government permanently port royal changed annapolis royal nova scotia replaced acadia official colony french acadians allowed remain nova scotia english english wanted acadians swear loyalty king england acadians refused meant taking arms french soldiers case war acadians didn want fight wanted stay neutral sides english french french english war north america
canada north ready settlers sir john macdonald set special police force force famous north west mounted police today called royal canadian mounted police rcmp officers nicknamed mounties force formed northwest territories joined dominion government wanted bring law order rough frontier area north west mounted police created carry mission canadian officials worried indians treated fur traders built trading posts western frontier exchange furs traders gave indians whiskey resulted drunkenness trouble trading posts known whiskey forts rcmp whiskey trade control peace indians canada plains relations mounties indians reason canada indian wars cost lives united states rcmp formed mounties rode horses dogsleds today days sleds past mounted police grown modern police force members transportation includes cars planes boats snowmobiles mounties enforce federal laws canada police force northwest territories yukon territory remember mounties eye catching scarlet red uniforms wide brimmed hats style uniform changed color scarlet chosen indians believed symbol justice fair play
canadian parliament houses senate house commons congress united states houses important differences parliament congress united states members congress elected canada members senate appointed hold office reach age retire house parliament house commons members elected elected officials called members parliament mps house commons powerful house canada parliament voice heard directly important official canada government prime minister prime minister member house commons members prime minister elected office leader party wins seats house commons prime minister sets goals government chooses members cabinet cabinet heads government agencies ministries departments queen elizabeth ii lives britain visits dominion canada special occasions representative canada queen representative called governor general today governer general duties true power duties largely ceremonial senators members cabinet judges appointed governor general names appointed list prime minister governor general
kind land spaceship large country mexico south united states course easily tell united states stops mexico begins border countries exists line drawn map seen ground built markers barriers recognize rio grande river separates texas mexico part border natural features rivers mountains borders countries northern mexico large plateau called mexican plateau stands giant table level area raised surrounding land fact spanish word plateau meseta means table sides plateau east west rugged mountains plateau extends united states north south ends middle country chain large volcanoes volcanoes openings earth top cone shaped hill gases rock ashes lava pour narrow coastal plain east side mexican plateau coastal plain low flat area seacoast covered ocean south mexico coastal plain ends yucatan peninsula peninsula easy location earth narrow band mountains runs center isthmus central america look closely able volcanoes mountains
spanish settlement wet swampy area north side hispaniola poor place build town later colony moved south side island city santo domingo founded oldest european settlement americas columbus returned spain trip americas columbus sailed straight spain coast south america trip columbus claimed island trinidad spain discovered orinoco river going hispaniola columbus fourth trip americas voyage sailed coast central america shores modern countries honduras nicaragua costa rica panama spent marooned jamaica columbus returned spain trip voyages americas columbus thought found asia died spain believing discovered middle sixteenth century columbus nearly indians caribbean died indian population spanish colonies north central south america grown smaller indians die important reason disease arrival spanish explorers indians isolated europe africa indians contact diseases common continents resistance means able fight germs european african colonists brought america
message delivered quickly runners carried message stations road stations set mile km intervals station arriving runner pass message rested run station messages delivered surprising speed successful expedition find incas launched leaders francisco pizarro diego de almagro read write unlike cortes educated pizarro soldier balboa lived panama almagro soldier panama later agreed conquer rich kingdom lay south america pizarro set peru band horses almagro stay panama find join army conquest pizarro sailed area present ecuador stayed months setting tumbes inca town coast northern peru taking tumbes pizarro joined soldiers panama ready invade inca stronghold high andes pizarro lucky faced weakened kingdom previous inca died divided kingdom sons huascar half brother atahualpa brothers fought kingdom civil war war parts country
mexico driest countries latin america half country desert semiarid climate semiarid climate dry dry desert driest parts mexico baja california northern pacific coast climograph la shows climate baja california humid parts mexico southern end yucatan peninsula gulf coastal plain southern part gulf coastal plain rainiest part mexico summer heavy afternoon showers northern end yucatan peninsula dry shown climograph merida climate affects lives mexico mexico spanish speaking country latin america brazil portuguese spoken mexico size united states population denser population united states mexico rapidly growing countries graph page shows population country grown mexico population nearly tripled mexico continues grow rate million beginning century mexico conquered spaniards indian country spaniards colonies peak number spaniards spain indian population lowest point millions
countries isthmus central america belize panama countries part viceroyalty spain histories central american republics panama viceroyalty granada part colombia simon bolivar defeated spaniards republic belize british colony called british honduras belize independent countries central america small nicaragua largest central american countries size york el salvador smallest country central america size massachusetts countries area square miles sq km size states colorado wyoming central america broadest north miles km narrowest part isthmus panama miles km caribbean sea pacific ocean length central america distance miles km spine hills mountains mountains highest guatemala volcano tajumulco guatemala highest point central america feet high mountains costa rica western panama reach elevations feet lowest parts spine panama nicaragua hills feet high
central america subsistence farmers food grow chiefly families central america need land farm greater amount land land scarce large farms ranches plantations coffee cotton bananas cattle raised export land land grow food poor find land farm afford costly food imported countries need land major problem poor central america important subsistence crop guatemala el salvador honduras mexico maize squash beans peppers foods favorites mayas aztecs cool highlands indians guatemala live climate fertile soil cabbage broccoli brussels sprouts cauliflower grow vegetables sold markets guatemala central american countries increasing share goes markets united states canada farmers southern countries central america grow crops farmers raise manioc crops south america caribbean indians southern central america related indians south america caribbean shared likes dislikes food rice important food southern central america grown rainy lowland areas
war members working middle classes began part politics arturo alessandri elected president supported middle class workers running office alessandri promised bring living conditions poor chileans upper class members congress alessandri reforms law alessandri took office troubled times riots strikes chili countries workers strike refuse want company give pay working conditions alessandri enemies exile military government took invited forced office peace restored alessandri president chile leaders elected democratically divided large numbers poor chile richest agricultural areas latin america farms able supply food nation farmland cattle raising food crops grown ranches landowners haven interested raising crops chile city markets governments tried landownership pattern land hands productive upper class families able control land
iron important mineral chile largest iron mines la serena city southern edge desert iron shipped plants concepcion steel argentina largest producer oil latin america oil found patagonia city comodoro rivadivia smaller oil fields developed recent west base andes argentina produce oil needs export oil argentina rivers potential source electricity unfortunately places power plants urban centers power chile produces small amounts oil oil fields south tierra del chile important deposits coal latin american countries coal mines rivers produce hydroelectric power paraguay major rivers parana paraguay parana river produce large amounts hydroelectric power large dams built parana argentina brazil dam shared brazil largest hydroelectric generator single plant produce electricty canada james bay project dams generators present paraguay industry electricity dams produce power sold brazil argentina
constitution adopted making brazil federal republic united states country provinces states area rio de capital federal district district columbia united states today brazil states territories federal district brasilia constitution states act independently matters presidents brazil army generals paid attention constitution ruled dictators brazil began peace wealth presidents elected took office according constitution coffee prices sao paulo main coffee growing area began gain importance times lasted army leaders fought economic troubles caused poor coffee prices violence rural areas brazil workers striking cities government control help army leaders brazil powerful states sao paulo minas gerais worked hold political power agreed support candidates president taking turns term agreement sao paulo minas gerais ended problem president sao paulo tried paulista elected president paulista person sao paulo army rebelled removing president office naming president rule president getulio vargas ruled brazil important brazilian politics death
thousands means fly watch birds dream look earth high tried imitate birds greek myth tells story daedalus pairs wings feathers wax key pronunciation son icarus fastened wings shoulders flew icarus flew close sun wax wings melted icarus fell sea drowned balloons wings lifted ground earliest balloon flights took place france balloon carry passengers brothers joseph jacques montgolfier balloon carried duck rooster sheep soon balloons rose air human passengers dream flying true fly balloons balloon racing popular sport balloons continue history americans successful crossing atlantic ocean balloon flight double eagle ii began presque isle maine ended days later paris france journey miles km times double eagle ii floated high air balloonists earth times balloon descended lower altitude height sea level balloonists shapes land water
won help wanted ads cartographers mapmakers called job openings cooks engineers nurses salespeople cartography satisfying interesting career especially geography demand skilled cartographers growing places business need services maps book prepared cartographers cartographic technicians cartographic technician high school technical course graduate person actual constructing map designed cartographer fine lines drawn engraved coated plastic letters symbols stored file tapes disks transferred sticky backed clear film cartographic technician selects style size letter symbol carefully positions map hand completed map photographed cartographic technicians cameras film kinds instruments equipment mapmaking cartographic technician photograph scribing scratching lines coated plastic cartographer college degree education helps cartographer plan design map planning needed map actually includes research gather data check accuracy information shown finished map map purpose intended communicate ideas read book study maps convey kinds information today computers cartographers construct maps date
weather worth money sunny ball park hot dogs parking spaces sold rainy hot summer power companies sell electricity air conditioning cold winter stores sell gloves heavy coats farmers weather crops crops sell earn money spend equipment clothes goods services drought lack rain farmers spend money irrigation plants replace die weather closely related economic activities economic activity production distribution sale goods services weather part climate weather climate temperature precipitation sunshine cloudiness wind air pressure humidity humidity moisture wetness air difference weather climate weather condition atmosphere place weather forecast days ahead climate hand average condition weather wide area period climate varies earth surface change climate sudden gradual regularity pattern wide areas climate varies major climate regions map page
mexico conquered king spain gave huge portions land nobles officers reward services crown land turned large farms called haciendas farmers mexico worked haciendas pay small portion total crop allowed farm small plot independence spain change owning land hacienda system lasted government took control country things start land reform changed land owned land wealthy landlords divided smaller farms farms called ejidos ejidos owned worked families village cases farmers share profits ejidos farmers plots land land reform allowed farming land mexicans subsistence farmers subsistence farmers able grow family able extra money things books farm machinery indoor plumbing farmers land able grow crops sale called commercial agriculture southern mexico lowland tropical climate farms grow sugarcane sugarcane tall stalk sugar stalk crushed juice
part hispaniola remained spanish rule independent nation called dominican republic capital city santo domingo attractive cities caribbean oldest city founded europeans western hemisphere dominican republic farm climate warm tropical broad fertile plain mountains growing sugarcane tropical fruits refining sugarcane leading manufacturing industry dominican republic sugar leading product bauxite gold gypsum marble country resources jamaica largest caribbean island lies miles km south cuba island captured britain british founded kingston present capital coffee sugarcane grown huge plantations shipped england thousands africans brought slaves plantations today jamaican descendants slaves speak english follow british customs traditions jamaica remained british colony jamaica mountainous island deal farmland percent land farmed sugarcane bananas coffee main export crops special resources jamaica poor country jamaica blessed bauxite beautiful beaches jamaica important bauxite deposits country main export important contributor economy
brazil truly giant land resources country environments largest rain forest cool plateau lands middle latitude temperate regions desertlike dry land size brazil live coast brazil discovering wild west sparsely settled lands interior lot room growth development brazil say giant country sleeping actually awake constantly changing brazil rich minerals waiting gold diamonds attracted portuguese ago mined brazil minerals manganese energy resources petroleum waterpower richest iron deposits greatest hope brazil future lies resource steel iron brazil unused resources amazon rain forest valuable woods exported tropical animals fishes valuable possibilities increased wealth tropical forests brazil farmland climate regions produces wide variety crops addition coffee brazil important producer sugarcane cacao cotton soybeans bananas oranges brazilians raise tobacco corn wheat rice cattle sheep export products capital develop industry large iron steel factories located rio de nation capital rio de today important government center industrial leader
foreigners notice switzerland speak foreign languages german speaking swiss desire learn foreign languages language dialects small region words sounds speech unique swiss enjoy dialects dialects badges identify home region german swiss local dialect talk german speaking swiss dialects written languages german swiss write standard german view german foreign language german easy learn uncomfortable french foreign language german swiss pride learning french knowing french mark culture switzerland language sonja rutli girl bern switzerland sonja spending welschenjahr small village french switzerland welschenjahr acquainted language culture welschen french swiss sonja lives boarding school german swiss girls school hope begin working careers age accepted apprenticeship place bank business hotel girls taking business courses sonja girls began welschenjahr allowed speak french headmistress school fair strict
balkan peninsula occupied greece mountainous mediterranean peninsulas land greece covered rugged hills mountains extend coastline lowlands small scattered mainland islands agricultural potential rivers greece short mountain streams climate greece mediterranean modern greece includes islands aegean sea group islands aegean islands scattered sea called archipelago greek word meaning chief sea term originally applied aegean sea ionean islands lie west coast greece part greece crete largest greek islands lies southern entrance aegean sea east crete coast turkey rhodes northwest rhodes group islands known cyclades greece mineral resoures important resource bauxite mineral aluminum greece produces percent supply bauxite europe largest producer mineral greece coal oil resources ancient greek language civilization spread widely romans greek important language middle east eastern part roman empire important capital moved rome constantinople istanbul present turkey language spoken capital greek
soviet union largest country today covers sixth land area soviet union larger canada united states mexico central america put stretches miles km west east soviet union enormous lowland regions european russia western siberia central siberia soviet central asia european russia makes western part country stretches south caucasus mountains east ural mountains ural mountains highest part european russia major lowland western siberia stretches urals yenisei river arctic ocean low hills northern edge soviet central asia land low marshy lowland southern edge lowland central siberia stretches yenisei lena river higher lowlands marshy empty land possibility farming severe climate fourth lowlands known soviet central asia lowland region drier warmer regions region large salty inland lakes rivers region drain lakes rugged mountains southern border country caucasus mountains important chain west considered southern boundary europe asia
africa largest continent million square miles sq km times size europe live part continent lies south desert called sahara africa africa south sahara africa south sahara variations land climate rain forests grasslands deserts equator crosses africa parts africa hot tropical climates inches cm rain falls desert areas rain falls parts rain falls parts wet dry seasons climate affects plant africa south sahara tall trees grow rain forests equator ground wet daily rainfall savanna region lies north south rain forest region rainfall seasonal ground covered coarse grasses trees tend grow thick clumps water plentiful trees scattered land rises elevation grassland semidesert desert form bands vegetation north south rain forest region equator rainfall land reflects increasing lack water africa south sahara feet sea level elevated region plateau rises sea
government power southern rhodesia gave country african kingdom zimbabwe government faces problems country boundaries war colonial times citizens country white ancestry british families lived african farms generations zimbabwe resources capital develop country landlocked zimbabwe pay high transportation costs participate trade zimbabwe working improvements coal rich deposits western zimbabwe fuel industries factories clustered harare capital city bulawayo iron steel plant zambezi river continues source hydroelectric power farmland high plateau country tobacco beef grain important farm products zimbabwe resources needs development biggest worry newness government zambia lacks farmland land swampy farm infested tsetse fly remember earlier chapter tsetse fly carries diseases harm animals zambia important resource copper huge deposits mineral possibly fourth copper supply found region zambia called copper belt ninety percent money zambia exports comes copper
live nigeria african country variety resources petroleum especially important nigeria large cities universities nigeria diverse growing country nigeria swamps coast rain forests farther inland savanna lands interior north savanna lands semiarid land steppe southeast nigeria cameroon mountains country cameroon read chapter west small countries benin togo live southern nigeria northern part country land south moisture farming south nigeria large cities located million living lagos capital nigeria moved recently farming villages look factories growing city shipyards lagos handles nigeria international commerce lagos comes portuguese word meaning lagoon lagoon large shallow body water larger body water city lagos located island large lagoon nigerian coast location hinders growth city limits places houses built crowd tiny houses jobs city supplying growing population housing fresh water sewage removal major problem
zealand human inhabitants polynesians reached islands thousand ago thought sailed pacific islands double canoes descendants arrivals call maoris means natives land natives land europeans arrived maoris called zealand land white cloud called clouds covered mountains maoris fished hunted tilled soil digging sticks small wooden spades grew root crops pacific islands yams taro sweet potatoes zealand cool tropical trees banana coconut breadfruit trees maoris built houses lived villages surrounded stockades logs put stockades protection divided tribes warred maoris wove beautiful mats fashioned gorgeous robes colorful bird feathers decorated weapons houses put tatoos faces bodies abel tasman dutch navigator discovered tasmania european zealand saw country coast report dutch trading company zealand beautiful land added found treasures matters profit trading company interested profits beauty follow discovery zealand maoris left undisturbed captain james cook arrived
english sea captain saw pacific island nauru called pleasant island coral island low cliffs formed backdrop palms beach nauru numbered pacific islanders lived fishing growing roots harvesting coconuts bananas rocky plateau covered island zealander discovered nauru rocky plateau consisted high grade phosphate valuable fertilizer later foreign company began mine phosphate rock ship abroad mining tiny island area square miles km continued present millions tons island rocky center dug exported locate nauru map page nauru independent income export phosphate rich country naurans mine foreign workers hand labor today naurans jobs mining company government longer fish fun depend coconuts bananas food import food automobiles motor scooters radios manufactured goods times drought import water australia japan naurans pay taxes government free medical dental care education bus transportation copies island newspaper
order trade nations common rules understandings rules traders began sail seas developed customs laws governing sailed business ago greeks romans rules called rules law sea nations today observe set laws called maritime law ships high seas high seas oceans saltwater seas strip territorial waters country coast countries including united states extend control surface waters miles coasts maritime law high seas belong country ships free sail high seas country responsible keeping law order ships flying flag ships follow common safety rules order avoid accidents sea accident takes place maritime law rules fixing responsibility rules sea rules road nations maritime law times war countries denied freedom high seas enemy ships countries trading enemy times peace nations generally observe international laws simply laws maritime law countries want seas trade traveled land sea question owned airspace part rule owns land owns
declarative sentence makes statement interrogative sentence asks question imperative sentence command makes request exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling children picture kinds sentences paco declarative sentence statement tell bea interrogative sentence ask question cal imperative sentence commanded look whale tail pat sentence imperative makes request request word ann exclamatory sentence show strong feeling whale size tell kind sentence listen blue whale bigger thirty elephants eat eats tons food huge appetite write sentence sentence write declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory blue whale twenty feet birth big baby baby blue whale weigh read sign find weighs tons birth blue whale stay underwater stayed underwater hour huge breaths tell amazing animals blue whales dive depths hundred feet write kind sentence tell purpose sentence spout water vapor shoots air look blue whale spout high length blue whale ask carlotti whale feet flat flukes whale tail strong tail fins push whale forward streamlined body glides smoothly water extraordinary animal blue whale
complete subject words subject part sentence subject part names complete predicate words predicate part sentence predicate part tells subject sentence main parts complete subject complete predicate parts complete sentence sentences complete subject shown blue complete predicate shown green columbus popular october holiday america celebrate christopher columbus born genoa italy explorer landed arrived october complete subject word words names complete predicate word words tells subject complete subject sentence sun set october small ships sailed west sunset sea august anxious sailors searched red horizon land sight read sentence write complete subject sentence evening october passed columbus stood deck santa maria small ship pinta sailed ahead columbus ship lookout pinta rodrigo de rubbed eyes suddenly white sand cliff gleaming distance young yelled spanish word land captain pinson pinta fired signal cannon powerful explosion echoed moonlit ocean write sentence underline complete subject underline complete predicate sound thrilled columbus journey unknown success columbus shouted captain pinzon night landing dangerous hours dawn crept
paragraph contrast tells differences objects persons places animals ideas differences important think differences contrasts choose similar things contrasts help decide buy sneakers running shoes join soccer team basketball team hamster gerbil pet finding differences important school subjects science asked tell reptiles amphibians social studies asked contrast forest regions plains regions making contrasts sharpen thinking skills powers observation lesson opportunity practice skills write paragraph contrast share classmates paragraph tell similar things things write brainstorming classmates find topics purpose brainstorming lot thoughts flowing group tries give ideas quickly stopping suggestion judge ideas stop flow ideas brainstorm pairs things write things belong category look examples page finished brainstorming think pairs suggested choose pair topic brainstorming find differences things chosen list differences write differences chart notes topic chosen contrast let readers known sentence begin question differences hamsters gerbils
exact verbs writing interesting read sentences leon bed clock leon jumped bed clock sentences tell incident sentence specific sentence simply says leon bed sentence explains jumped bed exact verb jumped clearer picture leon actions read sentence notice changing verb creates picture leon actions leon crawled bed clock look opportunities exact verbs writing action verb difference dull interesting writing list verbs exact verbs replace select verb list write piece paper think exact verbs replace sentence write exact verbs minutes exact verbs write think meanings verbs find classmate chose verb exact verbs write choose verb list start realized important verbs writing write sentence replace underlined word exact verb rachel annual memorial parade nicholas glasses lemonade louis pasteur found cure diseases don brother bicycle permission send letter sid boat trip coach girl late game
letter information writer tells interest reader lesson studied form writing friendly letter form letter important say important reader reader wants information information activities lesson help discover want say information letter write person choose write classmates neighbors appreciate letters cousins aunts uncles grandparents welcome letters choose person want send letter person audience audience wants news share think topic letter suggestions tell favorite club tell school music drama science project tell visit museum zoo park tell athletic event tell contest entered select topic interest audience enjoy sharing reader write paper answer questions look information listed choose answers interesting wish add question feel tell respond news write letter speaking reader begin informative letters begin reason writing say wait tell club joined beginning form question entered contest win trip disneyland explain writing give reader complete report tell read letter aloud
postage stamp honors important event thing person called commemorative stamp design commemorative stamp illustrates remarkable accomplishment achieved achieve bright colors bold outlines sharp contrasts drawing stand sure include price stamp include label help explain illustration passing beam light prism scientist sir isaac newton created band colors called spectrum explain colors relate newton invented color wheel painted basic colors spectrum wheel shaded colors met center wheel shows equal parts opposite colors green red form black unequal parts opposite colors darken wheel shows colors side wheel form colors blend yellow blue makes green try experiment color mixing paints primary colors red blue yellow create shade maroon write explanatory paragraph step step instructions recreating shade listeners speakers weather forecasters meteorologists study weather inform public expected communicate information telephone look number weather forecast service telephone directory call listen carefully forecaster forecast tell class
adjectives add detail writing read sentences clouds floated lake fluffy white clouds floated clear blue lake sentences describe scene sentence detail noun clouds adjectives fluffy white noun lake adjectives clear blue sentence basic facts adjectives sentence create detailed colorful picture scene changed completely adjectives describe read sentence dark gray clouds floated lonely misty lake nouns add detail writing adjectives describe adjectives change meaning write adjectives create pleasant scene sentence sad sentence list nouns writing select write piece paper think adjectives describe noun sentence adjectives write minutes adjectives list find classmate chose noun think adjectives list classmate list choose noun start form teams classmates read sentence think adjectives describe underlined nouns write sentence adding adjective piano player performed melody piano player performed quiet melody piano player performed beautiful melody ship floated harbor
ago medieval knights carried colorful shields shields decorated designs called coats arms symbols coat arms knight acts courage bravery design coat arms sketch large shield divide shield sections upper left hand section draw picture favorite pet wild animal especially upper hand section draw picture represents sport hobby enjoy lower left hand section draw represents want scientist teacher artist section draw picture favorite flower tree fruit completed coat arms describes social studies textbook important information presented photographs illustrations learn train read pictures skills developed observing describing help try suggestions read photograph describe observed paragraphs main ideas photographs ask main idea photograph show hint sure read caption details photograph detail sentences paragraph look details give clues lifestyles customs beliefs police officers need describe scene accident tell exactly happened accident report observe carefully noting important details interview involved witnesses pretend police officer reporting minor traffic accident prepare questions ask drivers involved accident answers questions answers write paragraph describing accident
adverb describes adjective adverb comes directly word describes adverb describes verb sentence adverb describes adjective adverb comes directly word describes jim thorpe unbelievably fine athlete won events easily olympics sentence adverb unbelievably describes adjective fine sentence adverb describes adverb easily notice unbelievably sentences changing meaning sentences adverbs end ly common adverbs end ly shown adverbs sentences jim thorpe excelled sports truly excellent football player famous american indian played baseball ran track field events extremely quickly thorpe winner write sentence underline adverb jim thorpe exceptionally athletic youngster run fast jim entered carlisle indian school pennsylvania soon nineteenth birthday immediately joined football team thorpe consistently led carlisle victories football small school beat teams jim played truly important role olympics won pentathlon contest effortlessly stop won events decathlon write word underlined adverb describes write word verb adjective adverb
idiom combination words meaning meaning separate words heard underlined idiom sentence mike passed spelling skin teeth words skin teeth mean teeth real skin idiom means underlined prepositional phrases paragraph idioms familiar mike wished spelling rules ear knew bones wouldn getting nerves mike toes subjects started spelling wrong foot spell batting eye needed dictionary fingertips idiom prepositional phrase combination parts speech unsure meaning idiom dictionary word phrase list place underlined idiom sentence mike ahead class math mile looked science mike hold head high social studies gym ball fire spelling hot water write word list place underlined idiom sentence mike shaken problems spelling decided turn leaf night stuck nose spelling book rough sledding week week mike stuck light end tunnel spelling problems disappeared thin air lend hand spelling tests mike butterflies stomach
propaganda organized effort spread ideas person product propaganda sway thinking advertisers persuade public buy products political campaigners propaganda sway voters propaganda accurate information important recognize propaganda techniques advertisements speeches hear common propaganda techniques ignores ability reason propaganda technique examples believe honesty justice want vote nicolini astronaut flynn eats wheato breakfast morning eat wheato tastes says flynn america eyes glowster nation selling automobile join nation happy car owners buy glowster notice started glisten toothpaste read statements write propaganda technique buy watch americans prefer tock famous race car driver ida rono declares think test drive glowster look danka fashion jeans tad wilson elected class president switching morning breeze mouthwash read campaign speech list loaded words speech vote party vote truth honor freedom beautiful unfair unwanted taxes outdated ideas replaced intelligent need courageous honest leaders give government vitality listen examples propaganda techniques television radio repeat examples class
effect situations require evaluate reasoning skills find situation choice decide thing read situation mary school early morning school store joan saw mary pens store counter put bag joan thought choices effects choice effects choice read situation answer questions follow steve richard left grandmother house shopping sudden discovered smoke coming basement richard pushed steve front door shouldn leave house yelled steve try put fire dangerous stay answered richard call fire department smith house door effects steve choice effects richard choice read situations write answers questions situation john stayed school library leaving building school doors locked john reached pocket discovered bus pass money call home john choices effects choice judy wanted play leading role class play practiced reading lines memorized part play tryouts student assigned judy class student drama lessons dancing lessons judy afraid chance leading role judy choices
readers guide periodical literature lists articles found magazines articles listed alphabetically subject author entries include cross references marked tell look related articles subject entry save space abbreviations readers guide entry il stands illustrated natl geogr national geographic ja january complete list abbreviations found front volume readers guide entry answer questions magazine article whale watching date magazine pages article found author white whales holiday headings look find related articles whales friendly letter parts heading greeting body closing signature heading shows address writer date proper nouns capitalized comma city date word greeting capitalized proper noun greeting comma closing comma word closing capitalized signature closing form shown write friendly letter friend relative tell news interest person writing form shown page handbook address envelope
research properties simple chemicals led development complex chemicals plastics plastics technology produced things making plastic produces wastes pollution plastic containers wrappings thrown resulting large amounts garbage technologies developed aware problems caused someday making decisions balancing advantages disadvantages technology studying science help prepare decisions science physical science major branches physical science science technology similar technology differ science research chemistry scientists natural substance laboratory insulin chemical needed kind diabetes synthetic insulin kind technology benefit scientists field science goal seek information answers questions scientific method scientists gather information test ideas scientific method set steps follow recipe cake logical plan solving puzzle scientists apply knowledge experiences puzzles nature knowledge experience attempt solve problem logical scientific method scientific method key processes making observations forming hypothesis experiments drawing conclusion
activities perform laboratory important part study physical science physical science laboratory safe area conduct activities careful common sense driving car pay attention road ready act case emergency driver careless true experiment pay attention times prepared begin activity read entire activity reading activity pay special attention caution statement activity rules behavior apply performing experiment accidents physical science laboratory result carelessness accidents happen laboratory happen kitchen sports field swimming pool highway accidents prevented professional football players enter game wearing protective equipment drivers lessons pass tests sure handle automobile safely need safety guidelines activities physical science laboratory laboratory place scientific fooling pushing running eat drink laboratory smell taste laboratory directed teacher directed smell fan odor nose shown figure inhale fumes directly
compound substance elements chemically combined water salt sugar compounds compound properties identify compounds properties water heated cooled remains water compounds changed elements water broken parts hydrogen oxygen properties elements properties water samples matter mixtures air brass salt water ice cream vegetable soup examples mixtures mixture combination kinds matter separated physical means kind matter mixture found amount kinds matter properties mixtures makeup sample brass mixture elements copper zinc brass uniform mixture amount copper zinc brass point brass object skim milk shown figure uniform mixture expect milk uniform mixture mixtures uniform mixtures composition properties vary point mixture mixture uniform rock called granite look figure sample granite shown mixture quartz feldspar mica substances seen sample granite
atoms form bonds sharing electrons bond electrons shared atoms called covalent bond forming covalent bonds atoms form stable outer electron structure simplest substance atoms form covalent bond hydrogen gas hydrogen atom electron gain electron stable structure noble gas helium hydrogen atoms shares electron hydrogen atoms covalent bond formed shared pair electrons hydrogen atom electrons unit covalent bond known molecule molecule smallest unit covalent substance exist show properties substance molecule formed atoms element figure molecule element phosphorus atoms phosphorous formula phosphorus formula sulfur sulfur atoms sulfur molecule molecule formed atoms elements water water molecule form oxygen atom electrons outer energy level needs electrons full outer energy level stable electron structure hydrogen atom needs electron stable electron structure figure oxygen atom shares electrons hydrogen atom electron hydrogen atom
think neighborhood drugstore place buy school supplies magazines important function pharmacy drugstore selling medicine pharmacists provide medicine doctor dentist prescription medicine measured put labeled container label includes directions cautions patient pharmacist accurate record prescription pharmacists working drugstores help customers select medicines require prescription addition working drugstores pharmacists hospitals clinics pharmacists earn college degree pharmacy pass test licensed interested career courses biology chemistry high school dr stephen hawking theoretical physicist famous proposed existence black holes found astronomers dr hawking theorized black hole forms large star grows stops producing energy gravity star shrink compress compresses gravitational pull increases finally light escape black hole theoretical physicists dr hawking makes predictions imagination mathematical calculations ways dr hawking completely paralyzed progressive nerve disease dr hawking unable write speech weak needs interpreter translate says dr hawking prefers concentrate physical limitations
solutions barium chloride potassium sulfate mixed precipitate forms spontaneous chemical reaction spontaneous reaction takes place energy added start reaction energy needed spontaneous reactions give energy chemical reactions inside battery release energy form electricity chemical reaction battery spontaneous figure shows variety batteries electrical cells give energy spontaneously batteries spontaneous reaction important reactions need receive amount energy start amount energy needed start chemical reaction called activation energy reactions require activation energy small amount energy absorbed heat surroundings paper burning chemical reaction start paper burning energy form lit match match activation energy needed start paper burning paper burning reaction continue adding energy amount activation energy needed start reaction depends nature reactants energy burning match easily start paper burning amount energy match ignite wood campfire shown figure campfire fireplace fire started lighting paper chemical reactions burning produce energy reaction energy called exothermic reaction
unlike elements periodic table element hydrogen properly belong group nonmetal left side table alkali metals group hydrogen similar alkali metals give electron form ion hydrogen similar halogens gain electron forms ion hydrogen group forms periodic table show hydrogen group group hydrogen abundant element universe earth hydrogen found compounds element water petroleum biological substances proteins fats hydrogen hydrogen important acid base chemistry recall acidic properties solution result presence hydrogen ions free hydrogen exists diatomic molecule colorless odorless tasteless gas reactions hydrogen slow require catalyst hydrogen flammable combines oxygen explosive reaction yields water figure hydrogen atom electron reactions hydrogen atom shares electron atom forms covalent compound hydrogen sulfide hydrogen peroxide covalent hydrogen compounds chemical reactions hydrogen gains electron forms ion hydrogen combines lithium reactive metal forms lithium hydride ionic compound
lipids organic compounds carbon hydrogen oxygen store energy hydrogen oxygen ratio lipid molecule hydrogen lipid molecule carbohydrate molecule fats oil waxes lipids figure shows foods high lipid content lipids saturated unsaturated recall saturated molecule bonds carbon atoms single bonds animal fats saturated lipids lipids solid room temperature unsaturated lipids double bonds carbon atoms lipids liquid room temperature include plant oils corn oil peanut oil olive oil believed diet unsaturated oils saturated fats organic part muscles skin hair internal organs proteins proteins organic compounds carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen proteins sulfur proteins small units called amino acids shown figure amino acids amino group carboxyl group cooh groups amino acids proteins amino acid units combinations kinds proteins carbohydrates lipids figure shows foods proteins person eats foods proteins broken amino acids amino acids body build proteins
plastics packaging material growing growth problem explain recycling occurs states laws requiring deposits cans bottles think laws idea fastest growing plastics food packaging cooking oils catsup sold glass bottles bottles replaced plastic bottles vegetables fresh frozen wrapped plastic meat bread found plastic packaging things plastic packaging public companies problems plastic food containers occasion plastics strange smells tastes food problem leaching leaking chemicals plastics food type plastic caused problems polyvinyl chloride pvc pvc plastic produced chemical additive called di ethyl dehp dehp makes rigid plastic flexible dehp part plastic molecule dehp leach plastic food dehp found tumors lab animals dehp leaching food problem experts point foods packaged pvc plastic point amount dehp leaches small research shown dehp harms animals shown harm
metal lid glass jar stuck lid loosened holding jar hot water hot water metal lid expand twists jar easily substances expand heated expansion increase space particles object recall object heated particles gain energy particles move faster collide force force collisions pushes particles object expands volume larger object cools particles lose kinetic energy motion particles decreases space decreases object contracts volume smaller substance expands contracts rate glass jar expands contracts compared metal lid difference makes loosen lid hot water steel rods reinforce concrete expand rate concrete happen expanded rates objects expand contract depending weather metal bridge expands hot bridges built devices called expansion joints shown figure bridge expands spaces joints filled happen bridge expansion joints liquids expand contract solids suppose filled watering early morning air cool
ability electrical energy changed readily forms energy makes forms energy electrical energy changed light energy light bulbs heat energy electric heaters sound energy stereos electrical devices amount electrical energy suppose wanted heat room electrical energy electric heater give heat hair dryer electric heater current hair dryer amount current electric device electrical energy amount electrical energy called electric power electric power electric heater greater electric power hair dryer electric heater electrical energy hair dryer electric power measured watts watt si unit power recall chapter watt equal joule power rating light bulb measured watts printed bulb higher number watts brighter light bulb energy light bulb power rating watts means joules electrical energy larger unit power watt called kilowatt kw kilowatt unit power equal watts joules
recall magnet produces magnetic field danish physicist named hans oersted found electric current produce magnetic field observed electric current flowing wire compass needle change direction noted position compass needle current reversed magnetic field lines circles wire wire coil shape magnetic field shown figure compare shape field shape field bar magnet ends coil magnetic poles bar iron coil wire shown figure magnetic field coil domains iron bar line creating magnet strength magnetic field increases current coil number turns wire coil increase electricity magnetism closely related term electromagnetism describe relationship coil wire wound iron core called electromagnet magnetic field coil magnetic field iron core combine produce stronger magnetic field dry cell disconnected coil core lose magnetism magnetism electromagnet turned strength electromagnet increased increasing current number turns coil wire
percent energy comes fossil fuels fossil fuels energy sources formed remains ancient plants animals coal oil natural gas fossil fuels fossil fuels replaced coal solid organic rock carbon coal formed remains plants lived forests swamps millions ago plant material cellulose complex organic molecule carbon hydrogen oxygen ancient plants buried water layers mud oxygen materials decayed percentages hydrogen oxygen decreased process left deposits high percentage carbon deposits compressed heat pressure stages development coal shown figure peat young coal looks rotted wood percent carbon weight peat buried longer turns lignite percent carbon lignite harder peat burned lignite releases energy peat heat pressure lignite bituminous coal soft coal harder lignite source energy bituminous coal percent carbon heat pressure bituminous coal turns anthracite coal anthracite coal percent carbon weight releases heat energy
wind energy advantages wind free pollution disadvantages wind blow wind direction vary freezing rain affects windmill efficiency windmills needed generate electricity lot space cost constructing wind powered generating plant high disadvantage windmills intefere television reception unattractive overhead wires needed transport electrical energy power earth regular ocean tides potential source energy tides daily rise fall earth ocean waters tides caused gravitational forces moon earth sun spinning earth size tides varies place place depending shape shoreline tidal energy energy harnessed tide produce electricity bay inlet high tide water trapped dam low tide water released turn turbine generators tides amounts energy sites tidal power plants power plants located bays high tide higher low tide shorelines high tide higher low tide site bay fundy located canada maine difference high tide low tide averages
final decision location permanent high level nuclear waste storage facility likely sites getting ready fight decision location nuclear waste facility located community facility bring jobs guarantees safe reason turn large employer environmental concerns dump site deaf smith county texas wastes buried salt caverns km underground scientists believe wastes remain sealed safe deaf smith county point largest single source fresh ground water lies land ground water drinking crop irrigation texas states accidental leak ground disastrous nuclear industry say need worry wastes huge leakproof steel canisters canisters monitored guarded able disturb contents side argument point problems leakage waste storage sites million radioactive wastes seeped soil government temporary site hanford washington worried wastes ground water travel nearby columbia river
information states presented seen map information table handier map table present facts opposite page shows map united states shows virginia location atlas map pages shows capital virginia richmond map show area population learn information table looking map guess virginia kentucky size table hand shows exactly larger larger virginia kentucky nation largest smallest rank area compared states large states larger population largest population table page reference show information united states graph graphs pack lot information small space page page kinds graphs tells united states kind graph named pictograph shows population united states sex look graphs page bar graph shows size age groups graph showing racial makeup united states population called pie graph line graph shows percentage women labor force
aru strong carried heavy earth filled basket top ramp emptying basket trod soil bare feet making solid aru thing times slave captured neighboring tribe paid worker carry baskets part religious duties knows exactly aru helping build large earthen mound civilizations mayas incas aztecs flourished areas south united states area present united states thriving native civilizations learned pueblo indians hundreds miles east lived mound builders civilization developed stages stage advanced europeans saw hand glories aztec civilization high level incan civilization matter historical record european saw mound builders high point civilization left written records left mounds aru strong helped build settlers moved river valleys united states eighteenth nineteenth centuries saw valleys strange mounds earth farmers puzzled piles earth dug person wondered mounds built thomas jefferson later president
jamestown successful english settlements started north massachusetts england colonies religion importance early days colonies fact religion major reason colonists england virginia colonists members church england law england official church england hand groups arrive disagreements official church group settle successfully england wanted separate church england separatists called left scrooby england moved leiden town netherlands felt worship pleased separatists began worry saw children learning dutch language dutch ways netherlands deeply religious wanted live worship wanted children grow english boys girls decided move land england claimed north america earned pilgrims meaning persons traveling religious journey known united states history pilgrims poor needed money supplies transportation london merchants gave money supplied ship called mayflower return pilgrims agreed give merchants share profits earned colony america
spring word overwhelming british force moving attack york city british assembled british soldiers ships attack washington continental army ordered army south boston meet expected british attack british troops landed staten island july later ashore island easily defeated poorly trained american soldiers cover darkness fog retreating americans escaped york city nathan hale young connecticut schoolmaster captain continental army volunteered spy british positions posing dutch schoolmaster worked front lines return valuable information hale captured later hanged spy words regret lose country september advancing british drove continental army york city indecisive battle white plains general washington ordered retreat americans retreated jersey pennsylvania put delaware river enemies general howe troops closely won war expiring enlistments desertions sickness shrunk continental army soldiers crushing remnant howe ordered army winter quarters british troops housed york jersey
hurricane seldom brings fortune hurricane proved lucky alexander hamilton born british west indies young alexander mother died father business ruined alexander soon give school working clerk store late summer hurricane swept west indian island st croix letter youth wrote damage island hurricane letter impressively written local newspaper published plantation owners island read hamilton letter decided boy mainland college help alexander hamilton york enrolled columbia university war independence interrupted alexander hamilton education skill writing won position secretary aide general george washington later yorktown hamilton commanded troops led daring charge british war independence ended hamilton practiced law york beginning served term congress seek term think central government strong plans government begun declaration independence richard henry lee introduced resolution independence urged continental congress form government states lee wanted confederation loose union independent states organized action matters
president washington declared american neutrality french british conflict caused trouble united states british war vessels seized sank american merchant ships suspected trading france british impressed american sailors took sailors american ships forced serve british warships late british held western forts trading posts united states territory justified action saying americans paid debts owed british merchants war washington john jay chief justice united states britain try arrange solutions problems jay succeeded coming agreement british known jay treaty britain agreed move forts trading posts america western lands exchange commission formed payment american debts jay able solve problems caused trouble united states britain jay treaty britain interference american shipping trade terms agreed favor britain impressment stopped lessened democratic republicans federalists unhappy jay treaty president washington pleased thought united states war presented senate approval constitution required ratification senate turned fight political parties finally senate ratified jay treaty president washington signed
major stephen chiefly responsible mistake american geography army officer led expedition lands missouri river rocky mountains official maps expedition labeled region american desert major wrote region wholly unfit cultivation uninhabitable depending agriculture subsistence mapmakers copied maps misleading labels settlers crossed desert stopping desirable lands west rockies land treeless plain today plains support millions pioneers endless desert major explorations discovered routes trackless plains army officer captain john fremont roamed west guide kit carson discovered suitable routes westward migration soon follow fremont wife jessie benton fremont carried story husband explorations east took official reports exploring expeditions turned popular books persons planning venture west coast eagerly read books studied maps descriptions western trails early experienced capable guides ready lead wagon trains settlers traders routes western lands guides spent early lives trapping trading furs rockies known history mountain
leaders government effect american history sitting united states senate henry clay kentucky thirty helped arrange missouri compromise prevented tension north south john calhoun south carolina position senate protect rights south daniel webster senator popular massachusetts john calhoun south carolina unlike calhoun webster spoke strong national government southern doctrine states rights henry clay john calhoun daniel webster alike clay smiled easily spoke charmed women calhoun brilliant mind webster piercing dark eyes heavy black brows broad forehead gave face impressive appearance orators voice deep natural served country period dealt issues times prepared deal issue unresolved bring dangerous confrontation north south calhoun suffering tuberculosis die end clay webster die learned chapter gold rush brought thousands california
conflict north south ranged vast area involved hundreds thousands techniques warfare european observers watch amazed skill union confederate generals railroads telegraph lines gigantic supply bases move support armies opposing generals dominated war general ulysses grant north superior resources lead union armies eventual victory born ohio grant graduated military academy west point serving mexican war resigned army failed farming jobs st louis missouri war began grant clerk father harness shop galena illinois military experience grant commission colonel weeks fighting started confederacy task defending capital richmond general robert lee army northern virginia robert lee father henry lee won nickname light horse harry cavalry commander war independence later henry lee served governor virginia robert lee graduated west point served mexican war unlike grant lee professional military career war began united states war department offered command union armies robert lee sadly refused offer
steel industry railroads factors led america industrial growth late nineteenth century number factors foundation laid civil war read earlier factory system established spread northeast civil war textiles shoes goods factories learned construction canals steamboats finally railroads created transportation system move goods swiftly cheaply civil war gave boost manufacturing iron needed weapons million arms demand uniforms boots supplies end war factories north stood ready manufacture sorts goods civil war united states ready embark age industrial expansion factor leading industrial growth united states wealth natural resources pennsylvania west virginia ohio kentucky illinois large deposits coal main source fuel industrial countries later large coal deposits found western states coal production rose million tons million nearly million tons million chapter read discoveries iron ore michigan minnesota west mining frontier produced gold silver important metals copper lead zinc
samuel gompers learned hand unions employers early working career samuel born england attended school drop help bring income family took father trade cigar making age samuel full member english working class samuel paid wage sixpence cents week gompers family moved united states hoped escape poverty england turned simply exchanged london slum york lower east side cramped apartment samuel father rolled tobacco leaves cigars early morning night samuel began cigar making shops york city hours pay low samuel liked job cigar makers formed labor union labor union organization formed group workers bargain higher pay working conditions samuel joined union active part union called strike stopped working attempt gain wages working conditions strike unsuccessful workers finally returned jobs gaining samuel gompers end matter employer fired part strike
roosevelt returned east politics ran mayor york city defeated later appointed united states civil service commission served served police commissioner york city assistant secretary navy washington roosevelt left position serve lieutenant colonel spanish american war read chapter returning war national hero roosevelt elected governor york proved effective reform governor effective fact boss republican party wanted rid arranged roosevelt nominated vice president william mckinley party choice term president republican leader unhappy nomination roosevelt warned don realize madman white house mckinley teddy roosevelt elected months president mckinley began term shot crazed died soon afterward age theodore roosevelt youngest president united states look republican leader warned roosevelt cowboy white house progressives roosevelt believed government play larger role regulating big business early presidency took action northern securities company company formed controlled distance railroad lines northwestern part country
war ii company levitt sons island york thousand builders homes company started depression end building homes island area suburb york city homes fairly expensive levitt sons home builders days built houses war building materials labor short supply construction private homes fell sharply need temporary low cost housing nation mushrooming military bases booming war industries levitt company won contract build housing naval base norfolk virginia complete construction dwelling units quickly efficiently levitt adopted mass production methods factories war mood uncertainty country feared return depression builders cautious starting homes builders levitt saw situation differently millions war veterans returning home starting families need housing congress passed law called servicemen readjustment act gi bill rights part law allowed veterans borrow money low interest rates buy homes government programs begun deal borrowing home buying easier
john kennedy death congress passed major laws asked task getting kennedy program passed fell successor lyndon johnson left skilled political hands knew bill congress child lyndon johnson fascinated politics father served texas legislature young lyndon capitol watch lawmakers action loved visiting voters father district election campaigns graduating college teaching johnson washington serve secretary texas representative won election congress house representatives johnson elected senate narrow margin votes fellow senators quickly recognized talents democratic senators elected leader position powerful washington johnson tried democratic nomination president lost john kennedy kennedy invited run vice presidential candidate johnson accepted later johnson president country grieving kennedy death johnson able late president ideas passed law urging congress pass kennedy civil rights bill memorial eloquently honor president kennedy memory johnson able congress bill civil rights act
women united states women majority group minority group women suffered kinds discrimination minorities known women entered force continued find barriers fields promoted high level jobs jobs carried higher pay power important decisions women paid rarely woman hold important job federal local government women formed national organization women goal help women aware unequal treatment women change thinking soon groups organized promote equality women concentrated issue jobs pay aimed getting women elected appointed public office efforts called women liberation movement led groups women important gains aided actions federal government civil rights act forbade discrimination grounds sex race early government actively enforcing position required schools colleges receiving federal money companies business government set goals hiring qualified women minorities law period equal employment opportunity act required employers give equal pay women equal
read story country united states visit times places yesterday today chapter trip united states chapter learn story country written help understand country story learning social studies tools chapters social studies tools map photo looking subway map subway nation capital washington subway map shows subway goes stops makes washington subway map read book asked active part making story country kinds maps maps help learn united states yesterday today students grade class visit salem north carolina salem america comes alive students visited bakery saw bread students looking map salem place visit holding battle map battle maps able follow paths soldiers fought battles map war
invention study experiment person invented past common single person think invention today inventions television computer created team inventors thomas edison kinds inventors edison invented things started inventing team thomas alva edison born ohio called al friends family al edison school seriously ill al lasted months school say mother pulled school teacher called crazy say father afford pay school al mother taught home al read lot learned write found math spelling hard favorite subject science age set laboratory place experiment family basement spent experimenting age tom called job selling newspapers candy train tom pulled small child path oncoming train tom saved stationmaster child stationmaster wanted reward tom showed tom operate telegraph machine sends messages electrically wire traveled country looking
knows exactly happen future thing study history future past present history record change think grandfather united states baby early country involved affairs cars airplanes television computers homes electricity list differences sense expect united states today course fact change faster rate grandfather understand happen future imagine telling grandfather united states fight wars sit home pictures events happening side imagine telling able fly country hours united states send moon believed seen happen told things unbelievable space average age robots housework understand future full exciting possibilities want happen things happen
settlers rhode island anne hutchinson massachusetts bay colony religious beliefs anne hutchinson roger williams rhode island place religious freedom idea freedom religion basic freedom united states rhode island colony knows europeans settle hampshire settlements started massachusetts took control settlements hampshire king england hampshire separate colony early colonists learned rocky soil hilly land england large farms families grow food live england settlers found rapidly moving rivers coastline ocean fishing shipping trading soon important ways living towns quickly sprang rivers coast england largest boston massachusetts bay center england towns common green common land owned town put animals graze edge common stood important building town meetinghouse meetinghouse town meeting lived town part town meeting owned property discuss vote town business women land voice running town
slaves separated families middle passage showed cruel humans taste slavery slaves colonies plantations large needed workers slaves southern colonies middle england colonies slaves legal rights taught read write colonies property marry legally slavery part constant hard slaves worked fields slaves worked dawn dusk field chores mending roads fences late eat hot meal kind hard days week week slaves worked servants big house easier lives field slaves house servants worked days week cook clean weave sew mend nurse slaves skilled craftworkers carpenters masons blacksmiths potters silversmiths masters provided food clothing shelter slaves slaves ate plain food wore clothes patched shoes provided winter set distance big houses slave quarters slaves houses small dirt floors windows
leaders united states helped win revolution general george washington respected leaders leaders foreign countries believed americans fighting marquis de lafayette france washington trusted aides thaddeus kosciusko poland helped build important defenses forts west point casimir pulaski poland bravely fought south killed protecting savannah georgia british baron de german helped american soldiers died battle wounds hard winter valley forge baron von prussia taught soldiers drill soldiers trained proved equal british general bernardo de king spain set trading company help american patriots company supplied americans money arms materials de led spanish troops british louisiana area gulf mexico de hero friend american learned crispus attucks black sailor colonists die revolution black soldiers served white soldiers war peter salem prince hall salem poor black soldiers fought bunker hill black soldiers fought british promised freedom end war young british officer wrote american defeated british defeat women
chapter learned pacific northwest indians settled part northern california group settle california spaniards spaniards built settlements missions california coast group set california land group leaders church leader father junipero serra leader military leader captain gaspar de portola brave soldier captain portola father serra arrived california group july portola led military force north baja lower california spot present san diego built presidio military fort built presidio monterey later settlers soldiers built presidio san francisco father serra spent building missions california coast father serra started mission california named san diego de alcala read mission chapter cross country trip father serra continued build missions coast california nearby valleys missions joined dusty trail trail known el real king highway missions san diego san francisco missions miles km march population california native american mexican spanish fewer united states citizens living citizens wanted california part united states
february hearing held united states congress black virginia gave sworn statements freedmen lived virginia civil war doctor daniel norton yorktown masters say slaves pay wages richard hill hampton whites willing pay freedmen dollars month say live support families wages alexander dunlop williamsburg freedmen feel danger lives property blacks told committee freedmen living virginia congress president andrew johnson agree treat confederate states congressional reconstruction plan favored members republican party known radical republicans radicals wanted punish south leader radical republicans thaddeus stevens congressman pennsylvania president johnson wanted follow lincoln plan let southern states return union malice presidential plan brought south union quickly punishment radical republicans won radical reconstruction congress passed laws protect rights blacks continue freedmen bureau congress passed laws put confederate states tennessee military rule allowed union confederate states ratify fourteenth amendment
pioneer women worked hard ranch homestead caring animals planting harvesting took charge house pioneer died trip west women faced hardships living frontier women willing face frontier women willing face hard risks short supply result western women demand privileges enjoyed women developed parts country wives west land wives east generally important political reforms began west recall recall voters remove person political office person elected term reform helps elected officials aware responsibility voters voters wait election let official displeased official job percent voters sign petitions asking official removal office empty special election held fill office western political reform initiative initiative voters introduce bill law bills introduced elected representatives citizens western reform referendum referendum lets citizens vote law directly elected representatives vote
johnson administration federal money cities hospitals medical centers transportation schools colleges congress approved medicare medicaid programs started help provide health care aged voting rights act passed law allowed federal officials oversee voter registration sure fairly president johnson attention soon drawn country southeast asia vietnam united states involved vietnam president truman supplied weapons help french fight communism french ruled vietnam war ii japanese took control war ii french tried vietnam vietnamese fought french vietnamese supported communists china conflict vietnam communists non communists united states want vietnam fall communists united states officials thought rest southeast asia fall communists france pulled vietnam vietnam divided country korea vietnam divided half north communist south non communist division stop fighting united states continued help south vietnam johnson president united states deeply involved struggle north south vietnam president johnson let south vietnam fall communist hands believed south vietnam helped giving weapons money bombs dropped north vietnam united states troops south vietnam
growing part economy includes businesses manufacture goods provide services service kind person business person business think service workers doctors nurses fire fighters police teachers service workers doctors nurses medicine fire fighters police government teachers education medicine government education important service industries england parts country service industry important england insurance large insurance companies headquarters region hartford connecticut services insurance industry protection loss theft things person owns important service industry england banking banks provide safe place money customers borrow money banks service industries employ kinds workers workers sell manufactured goods service workers fix broken products workers paid service provide selling fixing product important service industry england tourist industry trip buy services tourist industry think times trip family took airplane family travel plans travel agency stayed hotel motel maybe amusement park travel agency hotel amusement park part tourist industry
boston symphony orchestra theater company ballet company professional sports teams museums known buildings source pride mile km freedom trail past beacon hill bostom common north church historic places modern buildings city hartford largest city connecticut capital live city population metropolitan area insurance important industry hartford number insurance companies headquarters hartford city known insurance city hartford manufacturing center aircraft equipment machinery metal products chemical products striking buildings hartford skyscraper shaped ship constitution plaza mall replaced section city urban renewal rebuilding declining city area began hartford number ago montpelier capital vermont population nestled winooski river valley surrounded green hills city employed insurance industry granite industry printing stone finishing manufacture plastics machinery sawmill equipment important visit montpelier want stop vermont historical society items early vermont displayed
largest city washington seattle lies eastern shore puget sound city founded pioneers north central illinois lumbering important early industry war ii aircraft industry important recent city gained industries seattle port major port shipping goods east population portland oregon largest city important west coast port portland nicknamed city roses public private rose gardens clear snowcapped mount hood cascades seen east city land developers england founded portland early industries lumbering wool fire destroyed area timber sawmills reopened wool clothing important product war ii portland jobs building ships today metal metal products important manufactured goods anchorage alaska largest city headquarters alaskan oil industry city founded construction center alaska railroad major earthquake hit city killing causing millions dollars damages today anchorage modern city highrise apartment buildings hotels office buildings important military installations located anchorage capital largest city hawaii honolulu important port officially honolulu covers island oahu think honolulu urban area southeastern coast
mountains valleys important landforms pacific states look map page find coast ranges stretch southern california northern washington find cascades sierra nevadas washington oregon california coast ranges inland mountains fertile valleys nation central valley california largest alaska major mountain ranges brooks range north alaska range south yukon river valley hawaii mountainous islands hawaii tops partially submerged underwater mountains coast pacific states important harbors washington puget sound california san francisco bay gulf alaska ports honolulu important port hawaii longest river pacific states yukon river begins canada flows alaska bering sea yukon largest river north america mississippi missouri columbia river runs southward british columbia canada miles west portland oregon turns pacific ocean river produces hydroelectric power united states volume flow times colorado river system learned chapter columbia river important shipping irrigation fishing greatest source salmon
canada largest country area soviet union larger canada covers northern half north america canada northernmost land closer north pole land northern tip greenland canada united states spreads sea shining sea atlantic ocean east pacific ocean west southern boundary canada shared united states longest undefended border entire canada physical regions appalachian region st lawrence valley lakes peninsula canadian shield plains region western mountain region find regions map page learned appalachian mountains country canada appalachian region low hills hills mix hardwood trees conifers cone bearing trees summers cool winters lots snow appalachian region includes maritime provinces brunswick nova scotia prince edward island maritime means sea appalachian region includes island newfoundland small part quebec southeast st lawrence river find appalachian region map borders atlantic ocean maritime provinces farmers fishers farmers raise dairy cattle beef cattle grow potatoes fruits cereals feed crops fishers fish grand banks eastern coast newfoundland
french provincial furniture manufactured today modern adaptation furniture france pieces graceful lines smooth curved legs tables chairs ornamentation form shallow carving furniture america early settlers needed simple sturdy pieces native woods oak pine maple nails assembled parts wooden pegs earliest pieces hand whittled legs turned legs flat sturdy surfaces ornamental carvings early american functional style popular today characteristics style turned parts simple curves later colonists began interested making furniture decorative known colonial colonial later called federal furniture ornate influenced french designers colonial furniture maple pine oak walnut characteristic pieces hutch cabinet cobbler bench windsor chair desk american period extending earliest century settlements revolution term frequently improperly applied american furniture primitive styles developed england pennsylvania dutch area elegant styles large cities north south greatly influenced english cabinetmakers american designers adapted embellished success
observe pieces furniture accessories find classified basic types follows simplest member accessory turned bowl cutting board carved ornament type identical parts cut shaped simultaneously part duplicated tray identical sides ends simple whatnot shelf common examples frame assembly parts picture frames mirrors bulletin boards parts furniture joined corners reinforced miter lap joints chairs tables kind construction consisting legs rails rails joined legs dowel butt joint mortise tenon joint box sides bottom top corners joined simple butt rabbet variation miter joint space inside box divided partitions drawer simple box simply box turned side end bookcases radio cabinets built ins case construction installed cutting rabbet inside front trimmed molding solid shelves installed form dado joint
basic materials manufacture furniture wood plastic metal wood universally fine furniture easily worked highly decorative poor conductor heat normal air temperature wood unpleasantly hot cold touch comparatively noiseless movement impact easily repaired wood pieces easily fastened nails screws dowels glue main parts tree roots trunk crown trunk cut logs processed solid lumber veneers plywood parts tree cut chips making particle board hardboard fig shows parts log center called pith annual rings form grain lumber dark rings show summer growth tree grows slowly light rings show spring growth tree grows rapidly center part log pith called heartwood darker color outer area called sapwood lighter color rays running tangents center pith called medullary rays prominent woods oak instance noticeable log course bark structure tree composed narrow tubes cells lined fine spiral strands cellulose
furniture pieces constructed parts held joints joint held secure glue adhesive cases fastening devices dowels nails screws joints serve basic purposes cuts joints correctly accurate guide parts fit joints hold parts securely key points observe obtaining strong joints furniture construction surfaces glued wide sufficient amount adhesive applied types joints fastening devices designed lock place keyed pinned mortise tenon joint joint parts lock glue added selecting joints furniture sure easy assemble mortise tenon joint requires deal especially specialized equipment simple joint butt joint dowels added give strength strength glue joint depends large degree grain members joint end grain glued edge grain miter joint joint weak strengthened fastening devices edge grain edge grain makes strong joint extra strengthening devices varieties joints adaptations basic discussed unit
edge joint strengthened dowels glue clamp boards shelf leaves square pieces size mortise tenon joints carefully lay location mortises size tenons cut mortises mortising machine mortising attachment drill press hand cut tenons circular saw fit tenons mortises finished mark upper edge rail top leg assembled correctly later cut corner dados legs shelf locate position corner dado cut shown fig cut corners shelf fit corner dado sand parts sand marks assembly glue ends table scrap blocks clamping legs end rails check legs parallel square rails miter frame dowels table top cut mitered corners ends frame careful opposite sides exactly length miter exactly degrees idea lay frame table check joints carefully
clean surface core apply heavy uniform coat contact cement brush apply uniform film cement underside plastic laminate top glossy film covers entire surface adhesive dull spots drying coat uneven spots recoated coat porous surfaces require event sure let adhesive dry completely coats follow instructions contact cement sure adhesive dry checked applying piece craft paper surface pressing lightly stick adhesive ready receive plastic laminate extreme care aligning plastic laminate core material bonding contact place scrap strips plastic laminate smooth side top plywood align plastic laminate plywood equal amount laminate hangs sides core gently slip center piece scrap beneath plastic laminate leaving scrap pieces place adhesive surfaces contact remove scraps careful jar move scraps pieces bond immediately
radial arm saw fig versatile machine ripping dadoing grooving combinations cuts operations performed easily radial arm saw machine instance board cut shorter lengths easily board remains stationary table saw pulled stock advantage saw blade top dadoes grooves stop cuts cut sight remove guard removing wing nut top motor housing raise blade clear table top removed remove arbor nut hold arbor wrench turn nut clockwise wrench attempt hold blade block wood loosen nut saw climb block forced alignment place blade arbor teeth bottom pointing column replace collar recessed side blade replace securely tighten nut replace guard mount crosscutting combination saw blade arbor adjust radial arm angles guide fence set motor blade angles table top
motor positioned ripping saw elevated motor tilted yoke desired angle horizontal vertical position lower saw teeth wood table cut ripping cuts type shown fig types dado heads circular saw radial arm saw sure arbor hole correct size mount dado head page saw teeth table top pointed column mounting saw blade replace guard rotate dado head hand sure turns freely dado cut grain wood mount correct combination cutters desired width cut piece scrap stock thickness finished stock lay table top lower blade touches surface scrap stock remove scrap piece radial arm saws revolution elevation crank lowers blade deep cut desired turn elevating crank complete turns proceed cut crosscutting place clamp stop radial arm limit travel saw insure dadoes length
short sharp taper cut slightly manner lay location taper stock lower infeed table depth equal amount taper remove guard fasten stop block infeed table lip outfeed table lines beginning cut turn machine stand facing outfeed table opposite stand hold end stock stop block lower stock draw cut taper idea slip block wood stock outfeed table help support taper cut ways cut rabbet grain jointer adjust fence distance end knives fence equal width rabbet lower infeed table amount equal depth rabbet rabbet deep cut passes event table lowered amount equal half depth rabbet pass lowered desired depth complete cut remove guard hold stock firmly infeed table move slowly
turning lathe band saw rough shape saves makes turning easier suppose want turn ball shaped object lathe carefully square stock draw center line adjoining sides carefully lay profile ball adjoining surfaces compound cutting early section ball roughed finish turning lathe spindle turning large square stock rough stock octagonal shape band saw simplest method cutting round stock hold block clamp adjustable hand screw method drill hole lengthwise piece scrap stock shove round stock dangerous cut piece round stock freehand dowel rod slight grooves holds gluing glue penetrate entire length tilt table angle degrees turn miter gage angle hold dowel rod miter gage push saw desired depth saw automatically cut spiral groove rod jig saw scroll saw called primarily internal external irregular cutting
feed direction motor rotation making cut straight edge feed left cutting circular stock feed counterclockwise direction judgment fast feed developed practice speed cut depend size cut hardness wood hand routers run speeds rpm speed load motor slow load router fed fast motor slow causing poor cut router fed slowly bit hot possibly drawing temper cutting edge burning wood don force cut allow bit cut freely listen motor indication working efficient speed cuts fasten straight router bit chuck screw motor base router bit extends desired depth base attach guide base control cut lay cut locate guide start side end move router cut mentioned cutters shapes cutting decorative edges pilot tip cut merely rides uncut edge wood
selecting cutter job hold flat side cutter stock shaped give approximate indication cut cutter shapers flat portion spindle table wrench slipped spindle turning shapers pin slips place lock spindle remove nut holds cutter install cutter replace safety washer nut tighten securely fence jig depth collar cutters regulate depth cut spacers needed shaping complicated edge making types moldings loosen spindle lock hold workpiece flat side cutter turn spindle desired amount cutter exposed course shaped edge result cutter depending position spindle jobs feeding left spindle rotate counterclockwise viewed remove cutter turn replace spindle reverse direction spindle enable operator feed stock top cutter
largest industries wood prime raw material residential building furniture production residential building part construction manufacturing industry furniture production part manufacturing furniture produced volume automobiles represents major areas mass production largest furniture companies united states produce case goods quarter upholstered goods percent metal furniture furniture manufacturers located south atlantic states east north central areas united states major problem faced furniture manufacturers rising cost labor raw materials plant equipment advertising selling expenses difficulty wide variety styles furniture pieces produced large manufacturers products early american english french provincial italian provincial spanish designs manufacturers concentrate style early american colonial items including kinds tables kinds chairs wide variety case goods major material furniture industry today wood increasing plastics metals improvements plastics technology provided furniture industry plastic molded components serve wood substitutes furniture parts
design tested plans produce item main plant production control deal problems involved actually manufacturing product large manufacturers start raw lumber produce solid veneer stock found expensive purchase machined parts hardwood dimension plants items hardboard particle board purchased plants addition manufacturers purchase items hardware finishing material upholstery material production start planner develop specialized devices needed manufacturing include jig hold locate piece guide control limit cutting tool drilling jig fixture holding device machine making duplicate parts fixture guide tool words jig fixture interchangeably fixture holds fixed relationship cutting tool guide cutting tool jig gage instrument measuring checking part manufactured types gages measurement fixed micrometer measurement gage fixed gage gage die device cut form material
raw lumber brought plant site stored open air shed air drying brought dry kiln conditioned proper moisture content percent dry kiln lumber moved rough mill processed dimensioned stock cutting ripping surfacing planing dimension stock moved veneer glue room veneer particle board hardboard veneer glue room manufacturer actually makes plywood parts needed plywood lumber core times particle board core curved laminated parts produced area furniture solid lumber veneer plywood finish mill machine room solid material cut shaped routed formed items legs rails solid parts plywood tops sides chests inserts case goods similar items materials moved sanding department preliminary sanding pieces simple spraying drying parts times parts needed extras stored cabinet room white wood unfinished needed parts inspected quality control step production
kip knew moment inside foolish thing coming warrior corral course closed door barn feel taking eyes stallion open slip inside easily block salt mares going warrior looked tame kitten ears creamy forelock curled deep brown eyes looked wise gentle tan color horsemen call gold feet white perfect palomino kings ancient egypt valued horses breed beauty strength warrior muscles smooth shining coat legs slim neck arched friendliness air pride trot nose rubbed ok boy move kip aloud want salt saw block white marble warrior pushed high board fence nibbled corral strong fortress need repair kip walked picked salt instantly snort whirled warrior head pawing ground foot stallion splendid angry splendid wicked
incident happened family sixteen talked relatives want embarrass father uncle melvin live uncle melvin run hits big error father home saturday morning tried uncle melvin fill outfield missing player sand lot baseball team melvin jack johnson short team outfield help uncle melvin active sand lot player getting play haven played practice father told league uncle melvin agreed fill put pair baseball pants sweat shirt jacket drove park father named gotten car ballplayers grabbed hurry fellow play field re re ready start game rushed sign team play called flaming arrows
skeets rogers breezed lodge room camp timberlake slammed door shouted cheerily answered paid attention skeets looked room trouble gloom beautiful summer morning camp boys room cheerful asked bill anderson weak voice nature glorious smile skeets feel cheerful feel cheerful bill stand skeets helped chair sat trouble asked tell uncle skeets boys started talk skeets waved stop talking bill tell chairman committee swimming meet trouble skeets bill knew bunty richards high diving yup skeets bill morning playing tennis tripped hurt ankle badly skeets thoughtfully boys dive john clark look dopey answered bill happens john tries dive front stage fright hopeless looks crowd dives bale hay stage fright cured skeets
winter wheat hauled roads late july early august southern ontario winter wheat fall wheat sown september equinox wind blows northwesterly star sea heavy rain stands winter withering snow common grass blazing emerald spring early june breast high fading color heading farmers say looking binders july field yellow gold heavy grain sole cash crop season hauled wheat mill clothes toys coins pockets sisters children war carried wheat mill streetsville credit river teens war war ago rode sacks sitting sister catherine sixteen nearly father drove team emily oldest seventeen sat spelled reins trip took hours cover minutes today car sun bright fresh beautiful rain humid heat summer talked catherine thought delight lying trees miller waited turn unload father chatted smoked pipe greatest delight wagon empty father give money tell shopping
unbearable sound set teeth edge chalk creaking blackboard word father mother say intentional injustice course happen fitting end sun mountain twilight began noticed rollie tense exasperation mother say began call carefully casual tone simply explode mother going rollie ere boy want walk rollie whistling cheerfully heart full wrath treated rounds haunts corner woodshed liked curl wool father discarded sweater hay barn cow barn sunny spot side porch rollie sneaked upstairs lie bed supposed minded rule part mother fussiness part mother bossiness bed wasn allowed say things wanted room teens
mrs hudson landlady sherlock holmes suffering woman floor flat invaded hours throngs singular undesirable characters remarkable lodger showed eccentricity irregularity sorely tried patience incredible untidiness addiction music strange hours occasional revolver practice doors weird malodorous scientific experiments atmosphere violence danger hung worst tenant london hand payments princely doubt house purchased price holmes paid rooms landlady stood deepest awe dared interfere outrageous proceedings fond remarkable gentleness courtesy dealings women disliked distrusted sex chivalrous opponent knowing genuine regard listened earnestly story rooms married told sad condition poor friend reduced dying dr watson days sinking doubt let doctor
wait hear opinion holmes course reasons suppose opinion frank valuable imagines room head bed watson dear holmes fear alternative watson room lend concealment likely arouse suspicion watson fancy suddenly sat rigid intentness haggard face wheels watson quick love don budge happens happens hear don speak don move listen ears instant sudden access strength departed masterful purposeful talk droned low vague murmurings semidelirious hiding place swiftly hustled heard footfalls stair opening closing bedroom door surprise silence broken heavy breathings gaspings sick imagine visitor standing bedside looking sufferer strange hush broken holmes cried holmes insistent tone awakens sleeper hear holmes
tito dog bimbo lived call living wall joined gate didn live slept lived pompeii gayest latin towns tito unhappy boy exactly merry streets lively shining chariots bright red trappings open air theaters rocked laughing crowds sham battles athletic sports free asking stadium caesar visited pleasure city fireworks lasted days sacrifices forum show tito saw things blind blind birth known poorer quarters say remembered parents tell bimbo mystery remember seeing tito twelve thirteen seen bimbo bimbo left side dog nurse pillow playmate mother father tito say bimbo left master say comrade master bimbo wrong bimbo trust tito exactly times fixed routine custom understood boy dog beginning friendship worked early morning shortly dawn tito dreaming bimbo disappear
lazed talked stared butterflies activities loved watch flawlessly organized apparatus energy combining tremendous brawn graceful beauty nimble intelligence lion peer africa tire viewing perfection lie sun touched rim plain hurry home village lions set stalk night meal stayed hilltop perfectly safe lion looks scale stretch bare rock sun cooked rock burns lion pad till nearly goes mad case showdown course rifle handy run slap el asfar morning ambling home night gorge zebra younger nervous black mane think shot trusted looks patriarch stopped tracks stare fluff cloud whistle small tuneless tune thing mind possibility lion fifty miles el asfar gave grunt walked round watched full belly flopping side side disappeared
thin cold rain falling air cold snow fields sheep mountain felt march middle winter couldn let looked dan rode park ringed dripping spruce father gus dismounted blue smoke rising gray air gus threw armload sticks big ralph mckeever feeding reluctant fire fanning stetson boy broke fringe trees father called drag dead branches dan pulled horse stunted spruce grasped dead limb wood splintered leaned bracing stirrups rending noise diablo shied boy balance fell hard broken spruce branch father fanning fire didn look learn stay horse dan slowly pushing dead limb gus dropped load sticks splashed stream headed horse throwing arm iron hook wrist hand caught reins quick hitch tied sapling looked hurt dan asked boy shook head fire father straightened slowly putting stetson head
dead sheep throat slit wide open colt feather pushed battered hat cut bad part fence creek found colt scared sheep wire cuts gus asked corral franz answered brought kitchen mary package sandwiches ready thermos jug smoking coffee boy hungry fill jug water gus rancher crossed yard gus pointed sky brightening band pale blue spreading saddle snow sheep mountain gus pointed thread smoke showing dark spruce slopes canyon halfway canyon ralph didn gus nodded rockslide find rancher looked going asked figured look colt clatter hoofs began opened heavy gate colt ran stiff head ears rigid eyes rolling stopped side corral stood sweating raw air turned saw torn forequarters blackened stripes legs rancher snorting tossing thin head colt ran corner
mrs delahanty door crescent room remind set table supper fine saturday afternoon november ordinarily cress hills friends helping father irrigation walking pepper eucalyptus trees yard deep found significance bark peeled eucalyptus tree bunch berries thirteen berries exactly number alive meaning dropped pepper tree afternoon cress spent room spite clear warm weather mrs delahanty examined daughter stubby boyish profile outlined golden light west windows considerable curiosity writing cress cress looked sheets paper spread drop leaf rickety bamboo desk bought summer exactly writing mother sheets words cress pencil hand aware contradiction appearance truth added making list mrs delahanty smiled school learned ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny hazy meaning sentence stayed memory amended formula accounting daughter cress recapitulates john
afternoon cress skipping hopping home bus clapping horrible bedroom slippers head castanets cymbals delahanty anyway happy lark assembly today assemblies assemblies delahanty bird imitations football rallies talent shows kids school assemblies mrs delahanty provide children opportunity participation situations thought thing situation ask engulf cress ask participation unlifelike order ancient history ablative case cress crying need participation burst seams hear john mrs delahanty want tell cress told told don give whit assemblies point dumont stage dumont bird imitator dumont vice principal charge student activities premature gray hair beautiful tan sings road mandalay cress says feel waves rising falling beneath dumont delahanty john try listen want tell happened
dog met boy school gate couldn understand times changed wasn supposed boy knew opened door cottage spoke entered mother lassie home waited moment hope woman inside cottage speak held open door tricolor collie walked obediently going head collie knows wrong rug lay hearth black white gold aristocrat sitting low stool fireside eyes turned woman sink busied waiting school boy spoke fast racing ha thought happen woman exploded boy carelessness dropped voice rose pleading mother hide wouldn dogs dogs dogs woman cried words poured boy pleading signal gun anger sick hearing tykes round house sold quicker
king gustaf iii traveling dalecarlia pressed wanted drive lightning drove speed horses extended stretched rubber bands coach cleared turns wheels king poked head window shouted postilion don ahead think driving eggs drive poor country roads mad pace miracle harness wagon held didn foot steep hill pole broke king sat courtiers sprang coach scolded driver lessen damage possibility continuing coach mended courtiers looked try find king amuse waited noticed church spire looming high trees grove short distance ahead intimated king step coaches attendants riding drive church sunday king attend services pass royal coach ready king accepted proposal drove church traveling hours dark forest regions looked cheerful fairly large meadows villages dal river gliding light pretty thick rows alder bushes
sunny morning sat breakfast nook looked scrambled eggs white unicorn gold horn quietly cropping roses garden bedroom wife asleep woke unicorn garden eating roses opened unfriendly eye looked unicorn mythical beast turned walked slowly downstairs garden unicorn browsing tulips unicorn pulled lily gave unicorn ate gravely high heart unicorn garden upstairs roused wife unicorn ate lily wife sat bed looked coldly booby going put booby hatch liked words booby booby hatch liked shining morning unicorn garden thought moment walked door golden horn middle forehead told garden watch unicorn unicorn
tomorrow christmas rode rocket port mother father worried boy flight space rocket wanted perfect customs table forced leave gift exceeded weight limit ounces tree lovely white candles felt deprived season love boy waiting terminal room walking unsuccessful clash interplanetary officials mother father whispered silly rules wanted tree siren gave howl pressed forward mars rocket mother father walked small pale son silent think father asked boy rocket took flung headlong dark space rocket moved left fire left earth date december heading place month hour slept rest midnight earth york watches boy awoke want look porthole
doubt knows islands hawaii part say waikiki beach millionth enjoy rare land islands easy visit board plane york midnight reach honolulu weeks months fail believe small portion crammed wonders mountains rise honolulu purple heights clothed forever forest waterfalls drifting clouds hanging loveliest accessible close sea intimate part island pali cliffs stretch miles oahu coast green clad deep serrated valleys massive fingers shredded mountains left wide sweeping arc giant cliffs enclose coastal valley dazzling color earth red fields green sea blue rain clouds sweep gray rare spots cliffs expose enduring rock sullen black play colors forever changing swift fog invades valleys cliffs move view ballet sun shines incoming rain clouds builds enormous rainbows
dog behaved person house spread dog blanket bring supper comes home tired night properly trained dog friend happen belong medium sized english setter acquired months training successfully taught shake hands fetch ball learned tug leash takes walk completely housebroken devoted companion secret dog success handling patience slow respond dog makes allowances tries put place rewarded loyal pal setter broken decided set basic rules manhandling guide dogs happen friends mine problem pick dog exercise care making choice apt attached find hard rid later proves unsatisfactory dog wants champion gay affectionate disposition important expensive pedigree
advantages growing older putting weight admit afraid things stripling face blanching say mean thunderstorms concealing nervousness thunderstorms flattered concealing scoffed women gave signs petrified saying afraid knew afraid crashing sock head bolt lightning reason believing immune contrary human race adopt big attitude afraid lightning figure think knew lightning think knew stop think women yellow dogs hit turtle neck sweater days beard chin give thought sick bravado lightning definitely abandoning herewith child pride matter wincing inwardly volts simon pure electricity cut loose air
thirtieth january henry thoreau set journal record small adventure snow covered fields concord looking river wrote saw fox sixty rods making fields left snow lay inches deep slow progress impediment yielding instinct chase tossed head aloft bounded snuffing air foxhound spurning human society bound woods rang hunter horn diana satyrs joined chase cheered exhilarating moments henry thoreau entered worlds fox squirrel beetle fish bird need keys curiosity imagination reach infinite variety adventures viewpoint grasp thoreau imagine part realm weedy water perch grass jungles mossy frog hot conical sand pit ant lion white foam castle tiny fungus forests beetle dark haunts earthworm mole exploring surely journeying tundra rain forest remote land
fellow worked tumble house river thames pasting oil paper covers boxes blacking fell ill afternoon workmen big named bob fagin lie pile straw corner blacking bottles filled hot water warm lay stop friend fagin looking small boy twelve asked felt able home boy looking big eyed white thin put arm shoulder mind bob think boy don wait home fit charley comin deed bob feelin spry cricket fellow threw shoulders headed stairs fagin insisted keeping company shabbily dressed undersized youth big strapping murky london twilight took blackfriars bridge spendin money pastry shops charley matter boy shook head bob trying save week money put bureau drawer wrapped paper packages week
slow months remained incarcerated cut windsor castle monotonous days incidents stand lovely early summer hear sound shattering explosions gunfire aircraft coming girls bothered anxious father mother pausing play ask anxiously able assure taking place london knew dunkirk army beaches boats seen admiralty notice papers asking owning small boat kind send rendezvous knew exactly news wireless shock mixed thankfulness escaped vague rumors army cut abroad knew believe large map flags moved place place girls date happening profound relief remember rushed speak mummie papa telephone evening learned
jessie bonstelle sharply conclusion evening bonnie wrote letter dr cornell listed descriptions actors actresses chosen company play theater summer ended words engaged young girl promise seen katharine cornell dr cornell read letter question wire crazy bonnie flashed single word answering telegram hours heavens sake clothes katharine keenly pleased prospect working bonnie interested helping plan costumes part showed inclination buy stage outfit weeks bonstelle company agonizing shyness stood coached led jessie bonstelle learned spite shyness season progressed katharine sorts parts brash fourteen boy deaf timid lady silly gushing ingenue played chambermaid roles waitress roles role italian matron bubbling talk found bonnie woman heart bonnie aiming perfection rehearsal older woman repeat line times put shade meaning
starting home determined needed novels books short stories books poems essays pupils read wanted superintendent larry anderson lucretia baylor learned determined prepared quick hot lunch packed clothes ready teaching ended walked fourths mile school baylor hurry early afternoon dark december skies hung low valley inches snow ground seventeen miles ahead destination walk boy mine ottis baylor wouldn let seventeen mile journey night advise going road landsburgh walked treacherous road leave tiber valley road try short cut laurel ridge knew wasn listening ottis baylor going anyway knew fast foot walked thirty miles legs feet sore walk short positive death steady walking cover mile twelve minutes
knob creek farm child abraham lincoln learned talk form words tongue roof mouth force breath lungs throat pappy mammy words meaning father mother syllables learned word meant abraham abraham bible grandfather abraham abe short mother called dark abe answered yes mammy family belonged lincoln linkun called linkern spelled linkhorn family lived knob creek farm abe till past age told kaintucky meant living knob creek farm rock spring farm born hodgenville elizabethtown hill places knew land walked part kentucky part bigger fighting bleeding dying war country country couldn country mother mother country united states piece cloth red white stripes blue square corner filled white stars piece cloth called flag
crowd stood forming ring cheering yelling hissing till saw johnston getting worst ring forming crowd broken abe lincoln shouldered stepped took hold grigsby threw fighter center fight ring abe lincoln called big buck lick looking eyes swept circle crowd let loose challenge want try whet horns riot wild fist fighting gangs months jones grocery store talk gang whipped fox chase horses uncle jimmy larkin telling horse won race horse drew breath abe didn listen uncle jimmy told abe don tell short breaths drew raised laugh jimmy jumped threatening fight till abe quietly larkin don shut throw water asked farmer james taylor kill hog answered risk hog risk pride youth resents slur snub riotous blood led youth reckless exploits
took glasses wiped started hoe hoe sank soft dirt rows sprouting potato plants cool shadow dad hospital stretched garden white leghorn pullets scratching beneath plum trees looked neighbor house corner block blinked looked house alive green paint corners longer straight upright twisted white wall white edged green took glasses looked green white twisted faded blurred black streaks rubbed floated eyes getting nearsighted told dad examine eyes stronger lenses afternoon spilled parrot sunflower seeds mother watched scooping dumping pail don pick protested lot bent stared floor front replied admitted told father tricks eyes playing took office read letters card read line lost dad took watch
winter difficult distinguish store shop closed doors shut odors noises depend footsteps shoppers walking position doors busy street crossings remained hazard solitary car rumbling puzzling streetful traffic cars safe stop thought middle street let cars whiz side trucks motorcycles auditory chaos wind worse trucks motorcycles uprooted auditory guideposts danger signals mixed swept mess past ears grand howling confusion eventually mother prophesied swallowed pride white cane longer cared saw blind advantage cane nuisance clattering catching trouser cuffs twirled idly baton street corners proved worth car drivers saw stopped held walked pavement assurance felt worker miracles moses metropolis held staff roaring honking sea lo traffic parted stepped opposite curb sound dollar
cutoff occurred schedule happened fuel burned chamber gradual drop level forward thrust smooth heard roaring noise escape tower longer needed blown separation capsule booster point thought lot past coming heard noise separation rockets fired saw verifying light flash green panel don recall thinking separation medical evidence concerned pulse rate reached peak started afterward separation capsule weightless feel capsule begin slow lazy turnaround autopilot pivoted degrees blunt end faced forward periscope aware land clouds movement viewer didn look important function stop enjoy view wanted pilot control capsule space begin point free weightless capsule traveling miles hour flown autopilot axis control stick switched manual control axis
re going mars adventure suppose ten think hard remember ships reached mars scarcely half century ago colony planet thirty don word base settlement colony want hear ice tinkling suppose read forms tourist literature gave department extraterrestrial affairs lot won learn reading pointers background information trip enjoyable won say date things change rapidly mars find pretty reliable presumably re going curiosity excitement want frontier fair point fellow passengers engineers scientists administrators traveling mars job achievements earth advisable talk tackle tougher propositions
don alarmed told strain blast re health won allowed inside spaceship lie acceleration couch put earplugs relax takes minute full thrust build re accustomed difficulty breathing bothered don attempt move feel increase weight notice noise slightly unbelievable lasts minutes end orbit motors cut don worry hearing normal couple hours won deal aboard space station viewing ports ferry rockets passengers encouraged wander takes thirty minutes steering corrections match speed station happened alarming clang air locks contact undo safety belt course want weightless exactly re told hang guide rope air lock don try flying bird
da voyage portuguese moving slowly southward coast africa plan reaching asia christopher columbus italian sea captain trying reach asia sailing africa east columbus thought sail west knew earth round asia shore atlantic ocean fastest direct route trade riches east westward atlantic columbus believed decided plan christopher columbus born genoa young boy ship docks watched ships sail port saw silks spices carpets goods asia customers europe sailors travelers learned lands east decided sailor columbus sea voyage later sailed mediterranean sea strait gibraltar north atlantic coast england voyage sailed south coast africa aboard portuguese ship columbus skilled navigator learned understand tides currents winds
chapters read discovery early settlement happened ago reasons studying interesting story full adventure exciting events interesting reading early america begin understand present american nation shaped past influenced events developments began ago knowledge america history helps informed citizen knowledge helps read newspapers greater understanding enjoyment television movies books comic strips important benefit studying america history understanding ideals beliefs american basic ideals beliefs referred values read textbook study values american believed americans believe justice fairness equal treatment americans americans believe citizens united states obey law support nation improve lives american beliefs ideals principles form american system values systems remain unchanged change meet needs times
king james angry group englishmen wanted england official religion king determined agree subjects obey threatened harry force land struggle english king bitter bitter fact englishmen began think leaving country forever let america worship god choose increasing number hard decision leave homes known cross atlantic ocean try build strange unsettled land hoped find freedom opportunity group america worship god wished pilgrims let england problem tried solve england members roman catholic church christian church western europe englishmen roman catholics recognized pope head church king henry viii led england break roman catholic church
basic difficulty soon clear articles confederation provide strong central government government articles set loose union friendship separate governing states central government acting congress laws government departments officials laws carried central government power start solve important problems faced united states owed deal money owed money soldiers fought revolution officers paid months united states borrowed money france netherlands fight war debts paid articles confederation states supposed give money congress meet expenses government congress asked states money money states simply failed pay congress force pay articles confederation give congress power collect taxes directly citizens united states central government debts paid middle americans faced hard times farmers england suffered especially
patient sufferance colonies necessity constrains alter systems government history present king britain history repeated injuries usurpations direct object establishment absolute tyranny states prove let facts submitted candid refused assent laws wholesome public forbidden governors pass laws pressing importance suspended operation till assent obtained suspended utterly neglected attend refused pass laws accommodation large districts relinquish representation legislature inestimable formidable tyrants called legislative bodies places unusual uncomfortable distant depository public records sole purpose fatiguing compliance measures dissolved representative houses repeatedly opposing manly firmness invasions rights refused dissolutions elected legislative powers incapable annihilation returned large exercise remaining mean exposed dangers invasion convulsions
soon young alexander hamilton landed boston rode coach york city attended king college columbia university began write political articles revolutionary war broke hamilton organized artillery company age aide secretary general washington rank lieutenant colonel washington side heroic winter valley forge led attacks british yorktown success attacks caused cornwallis surrender revolution alexander hamilton urged americans form strong national government leader movement led meeting constitutional convention philadelphia played key role persuading york ratify convention plan government constitution washington looked capable help success government naturally turned hamilton gave important position secretary treasury aide washington chosen job hamilton concerned reputation united states government reputation government pay debts worried hamilton national government states borrowed large amounts money revolution
revolution americans needed markets merchants boston york american seaports began look places buy sell goods finding americans ships atlantic ocean europe traded mainly britain france netherlands german states american ship captains began sail coasts europe inland seas seaports baltic sea americans exchanged products swedes danes russians mediterranean sea port port trading italians greeks north africans american merchants sea captains found trading ports baltic sea traded cotton sugar brought iron hemp sailcloth needed american ship building industry southern europe american tobacco lumber exchanged raisins olive oil wine early search markets american merchants turned attention fabled lands china chinese trade ships united states profit trade answer questions group businessmen decided send ship china chose samuel shaw officer washington army captain ship businessmen loaded ship cargo trade goods american ship empress china left york harbor sail china
ideals equality declaration independence called american dream guiding lights americans history today early american nation progress striving ideals problem slavery failure failures included lack proper care unable help lack equality women need education progress reformers moving ideals equality improving american early small frail woman traveled massachusetts countryside notebook pencil hand visited towns villages massachusetts stagecoach railroad sleigh part woman strange request stop asked town officials questions persons community suffering madness minds visit woman visiting mentally ill dorothea dix dorothea dix expected saddened horrified place found chained floor cold damp attic room shown woman locked cage barn visited locked cold dark cellar
moses austin heard deal talk region southwest called texas region part mexico belonged spain austin heard texas want visit region thought find opportunities start business develop trade rest mexico moses austin texas saw opportunities texas vast varied land took months cross gulf mexico low fertile area part gulf coastal plain interior vast flat lands west lay mountains river called rio grande texas part spain empire days cabeza de coronado spaniards develop region catholic missions missions san antonio de bexar nearby mission san antonio de later turned fort known alamo later present city san antonio grew missions spaniards texas spanish government tried attract settlers settled part mexico south rio grande settlers texas hundreds miles desert mountains separated southern mexico
cowboys cattlemen character important race color reason cowboys mexican descent black found accepted equals cattle country negroes known ride childhood found cowboys southwest common sight texas plains cattle country spread northward negro cowboys moved famous negro cowboys nat love earned nickname deadwood dick winning shooting contest deadwood south dakota born slave parents tennessee nat learned ride child age turned kansas cattle town proving skill horses offered job cowboy texas cattleman negro cowboys working nat loved free wild range later expert identifying cattle brands took job arizona chief brand reader large cattle company thrilling adventures nat appeared deadwood won roping contest shooting match earned nickname deadwood dick later wrote lively story called adventures nat love known cattle country deadwood dick negro cowboy remembered west bill pickett
industrial strength nation agricultural output depends greatly natural resources nation power resources minerals lie beneath surface earth navigable rivers harbors ships carry goods rest nature provided rich variety natural resources american nation abundance resources united states helped develop maintain nation industrial strength large dependable supply power energy helped build america industrial nation americans need power transportation systems telephones radio television stations need power heat homes run household appliances cook food america needs vast amounts power run machines factories farms fortunately united states rich important sources power sources ways living americans indians early colonists sources power limited europeans american indian depended entirely strength muscles food clothing shelter muscles arms pull bow throw spear relied muscles paddle canoe build shelter protected cold
immigration brought eastern southern europeans america shores thousands hungarians czechs slovaks poles greeks left native lands land promise arriving america industrial growth immigrants found employment nation mines factories italians jews newly arrived groups start bottom accept unskilled jobs low wages poor housing conditions faced discrimination prejudice succeeded climbing ladder job opportunity outstanding contributions americans hungarian birth ancestry include composer bela bartok widely known symphony conductors fritz reiner eugene ormandy atomic scientist edward teller government leader david lilienthal stage screen actors americans czech ancestry enriched america czech composer antonin dvorak america live dvorak called america attention beauty indian negro religious music expressed feelings america famous symphony entitled george szell czech american later conductor cleveland symphony orchestra lighter side hard find american today spirits lifted rousing czech polka polish americans america hard important cultural achievements homeland part american heritage
description soviet system democratic represent opposite soviet government controlled top bottom communist party real power soviet union hands communist party soviets elected communist party soviet union american political parties fairly small political organization members obey orders communist party leaders communist party leaders decide candidates government offices voters province polls vote members local soviet elect candidates chosen communist party candidates vote communist party controls soviets provinces central soviet soviet union laws passed laws dictated communist party head communist party real ruler dictator soviet union stalin citizen soviet union foolish object government found trouble stalin secret police arrive middle night person neighbors happened slave labor camp siberia
war vietnam complicated differences communist china soviet union differences developed bitter quarrels communist china grew powerful asia soviet union lost influence leader communism soviet union continued supply north vietnam ammunition supplies communist china supplies north vietnam thousands help repair roads railroads bombed interests large nations united states soviet union communist china vietnam war extremely complicated constant danger war vietnam grow war result large nations limits roles united states send ground troops north vietnam north korea soon tet offensive president johnson dramatic bid peace announced march united states limit bombing invasion routes north line divides north vietnam south vietnam announced seek reelected president spend rest months president trying end war vietnam north vietnamese responded showing willingness negotiate
earlier chapters learned america rose greatness saw rich natural resources huge market manufactured goods steady industrial progress played part gifts american achieved history greatest success story free government guided values ideals inherited colonial times defend rich heritage american fighting willing fight need die read america war ii physical damage nation returning servicemen victorious war look forward future bright promise war end american nation business system healthy expanding dreamed united states achieve greatest progress history war americans enjoyed higher living standards reasons incredible growth development answer found mainly science technology scientific discoveries discoveries began science technology war ii continued impact american tremendous important american history took place war ii war scientific advances individual scientists working laboratories universities
jews considered religious group united religion culture judaism nationality descendants lived jewish national palestine jewish revolt roman rule crushed century jews driven palestine homeland scattered especially middle east north africa europe middle ages onward jews christian europe faced religious persecution resisted conversion christianity economic discrimination prohibited owning land entering professions driven moneylenders occupation prohibited christians medieval church usury merchants considered demeaning occupation social discrimination required live special city quarters later called ghettos violence oppression mobs seeking loot murder governments treating jews scapegoats innocent powerless jews blamed evils befell countries jews america sephardim colonial times group america ashkenazic jews ashkenazim hebrew word meaning germany thousands mid century mainly germany number peddlers owners small shops evolved today notable department stores jews lived united states
united states remains chiefly protestant colonial times overwhelmingly total religious membership reported recently protestants constituted percent catholics percent jews percent increase non protestant proportion population reflects catholics high birthrate heavy immigration ireland italy poland canada latin america jews heavy immigration eastern europe america major religions demonstrated tendency blurring lines internal division protestants tend marry protestants regardless denomination nationality catholics tend marry religion irish polish italian nationality lines jews tend marry jews regardless national origin orthodox conservative reform religious beliefs small growing number marriages persons religions interfaith marriages major religions efforts achieve understanding cooperation national conference christians jews founded combats religious prejudice seeks improve intergroup relations sponsors observance annual brotherhood week vatican council ii concluded strongly influenced catholic church america ecumenism movement christian unity dialogue understanding cooperation catholics non catholics overlooking doctrinal differences divide religious leaders faiths stressed unifying christian heritage beliefs single god father human beings brothers sisters individual person worth entitled respect dignity relations persons guided ethical conduct negatively steal lie positively honor parents give charity provide social justice especially widow orphan oppressed persons observe golden rule finally achieved worthy persons rewarded afterlife
discovery exploration european rulers claimed ownership sovereignty vast lands britain crown granted lands royal favorites john berkeley george carteret jersey proprietors george calvert maryland william penn pennsylvania joint stock companies virginia company massachusetts bay company turn grantees assigned lands personal property white settlers cleared forests farmland built towns indians occupied open lands freely claimed european settlers indians lacked western concept private land ownership buying selling lands viewed land belonging entire tribe inalienable community property hunting farming tribal members colonial times onward white settlers pressed continuously transfer lands indian tribal ownership white private ownership addition physical differences white settlers indians differed language religious concepts view nature white settlers considered civilized superior viewed indians savages inferior scientifically indefensible widely accepted view indians late century whites justify cheating decimating indians present whites justify pressuring indians abandon culture assimilate whites superior civilization
adoption constitution americans disputed regarding nature federal union states righters argued states entered compact creating federal government serve agent states remained independent sovereign entities power declare federal laws null void resort states withdraw federal union secession national patriots insisted created federal government full exercise delegated implied powers supreme court agency empowered determine constitutionality federal laws secede union daniel webster words rope sand dispute states rights versus federal supremacy heart historic confrontations united states engaged undeclared naval war france federalist party partisans congress passed alien sedition acts federalists claimed laws meant protect united states alien agitators americans held chief purpose laws weaken opposition democratic republican party laws lengthened naturalization process immigrants citizens voted democratic republican candidates gave president power alien considered dangerous united states provided fines imprisonment person guilty sedition uttering writing false scandalous malicious statements congress president
resigning vice president united states spiro agnew pleaded contest charge income tax evasion baltimore county executive maryland governor diverted political contributions personal reporting money income sentenced probation fine agnew vice president forced office criminal charges acting twenty amendment president richard nixon nominated choice vice presidency republican minority leader house representatives gerald ford extensive congressional investigations ford personal political nomination overwhelmingly approved congress december ford took oath office vice president august richard nixon resigned president resignation american president investigations white house involvement watergate burglary subsequent cover efforts impeachment charges voted president house judiciary committee erosion support nixon congress gerald ford sworn president vice presidency vacant ford moved promptly nominate choice oil millionaire york governor nelson rockefeller intensive committee hearings houses congress december overwhelmingly approved nomination rockefeller vice president constitution requires vice president qualifications president age native born citizen united states residence elected majority vote electoral college candidate secures electoral majority selected senate top candidates
according constitution article section house congress judge elections returns qualifications members punish members disorderly behavior thirds vote expel member victor berger socialist opponent war elected house milwaukee wisconsin district denied seat ground convicted obstructing war effort violation espionage act berger conviction reversed supreme court reelection permitted house seat william vare elected senator pennsylvania denied seat ground bought election excessive unethical campaign funds joseph mccarthy senator wisconsin adam clayton powell representative harlem district york city denied seat grounds misusing public funds defying york court orders reelected constituents powell later seated loss seniority cost chairmanship house education labor committee house senate adopted ethical codes guide members regarding matters employment remuneration political contributions disclosure personal finances codes hailed evidencing congressional concern maintaining ethical standards criticized loopholes lacking adequate enforcement
consisting england middle atlantic states northeast pursued shipping fishing lumbering farming industrialized significantly mid northeast contained powerful class industrial capitalists nation manufacturing region leading industrial massachusetts northeast chief manufactures textiles leather goods iron implements utensils machinery industrialization northeast aided factors shipbuilding foreign commerce declined war era workers capital industries waterpower readily swift flowing streams steampower appalachian coal factory hands easily recruited farm families discouraged england rocky soil immigrants nation banking center northeast possessed investment capital south west represented growing market northeast manufactured goods consisting south atlantic southwestern states south contained small subsistence farmers dominated small number wealthy influential plantation owners planter capitalists money invested land slaves specialized raising cash crops market tobacco rice sugar important cotton cotton production increased million million pounds annually rise king cotton aided factors cheap fertile land plentiful soil exhausted continuous cultivation single crop planters gradually moved south atlantic states fertile lands southwest
united states suffered severe depression president grover cleveland conservative eastern democrat blamed depression gold reserve losses single government purchase silver claimed paying gold silver nation drained gold reserve caused depression cleveland secured congressional repeal sherman silver purchase act authorized treasury obtain gold selling bonds permitted largest sale bonds handled directly wall street banking house pierpont morgan cleveland actions preserved gold standard improve economic conditions cleveland hailed banking business interests opposed inflation favored sound money condemned tool wall street silver interests farmers farmers believe eastern industrialists bankers controlled democratic republican parties exhorted agrarian spokesmen raise corn hell farmers established farmers alliances politically minded organizations evolved populist party meeting convention omaha nebraska populists adopted program free unlimited coinage silver ratio populists expected proposal increase amount money circulation person graduated income tax tax bear heavily wealthy persons farmers workers provide federal government source revenue replace tariff
poor conditions aroused widespread dissatisfaction workers worker soon found individual bargaining appealing singly employer wages working conditions improve lot individual bargaining means compel employer meet demands employer discharge seriously affecting production workers realize stronger position collective bargaining uniting group demands employer collective bargaining workers threaten strike halting production hurting employer order bargain collectively employer workers formed labor unions labor unions entered period growth membership power aided factors emergence large corporations destroyed personal contact employer employees workers realize necessity organizing deal employer establishment huge mills factories drew workers enabled discuss common problems courts developed favorable attitude unions case commonwealth hunt supreme court massachusetts ruled unions unlawful conspiracies struggle precedent finally accepted courts states labor leaders gained experience end century frontier closed workers longer look west free fertile lands
americans past half century undergone dramatic experiences depression nazi challenge democracy war ii cold war threat nuclear weapons progress civil rights movement america america increasingly dominated technology machines americans realize easy answers present problems turning past looking future humanity progress slow uncertain dependent trial error experiences implications affected american architecture american public opinion agreed entirely absurd construct railroad stations looking ancient roman bathhouses department stores looking medieval palaces public opinion swung favor forward looking modern architecture modern architecture utilizes kinds materials traditional achieve major goals buildings functional meaning able serve needs express sense freedom tradition clean lines rational structures mirror beauty inherent scientific mechanized technological age modern architecture require single style permits architect express originality inventiveness modern architecture exemplified works leading proponents follows frank lloyd wright considered greatest architect century founder modern architecture worked louis sullivan designed large buildings wright concentrated private homes
benjamin launched successful penny newspaper york sun expensive papers sun serialized popular stories presented news lively manner sold subscription america newsboys streets sun expanded circulation increased sale advertising space profitable enterprise editors james gordon bennett founded york herald presented spicy news sports society crime wait stories started practice employing staff reporters news horace greeley founded york tribune liberal reformer greeley supported abolition labor unions prohibition intoxicating beverages westward expansion advising west young vigorous antislavery editorials greatly influenced northern public opinion henry raymond founded york times set standards balanced accurately written news stories civil war raymond leading spokesman lincoln administration newspapers century greatly affected industrial revolution spurred inventions morse telegraph bell telephone simplified process news gathering richard hoe rotary press speeded printing reduced cost newspapers ottmar linotype machine eliminated hand setting newspaper type mass circulation newspaper
early childhood individual trained conform society acceptable behavior patterns ethical standards agencies institutions follows family teaches individual behave decently accept responsibility live peaceably family members respect rights realize complexity society consider future career pursue worthwhile leisure activities stronger family ties concerned parents adjusted individual society friends singly clubs gangs provide interpersonal relationships peer group standards ethics behavior individuals trouble law blame bad friends neighborhoods set examples home cleanliness personal dress public behavior religious institutions preach standards morality including respect act justly assist unfortunate peoples pursue ethical living schools teach individual accept responsibility respect appreciate national heritage duties rights citizenship develop worthwhile leisure activities prepare future employment governments regulate individual protect health society concerns governments prohibit excessive noise littering provide pure water sanitation services consumer safeguards set building codes zoning regulations require school attendance car registration tax payments define crimes maintain law enforcement bodies united states developed rural handicraft society urban industrialized nation social control exerted traditional informal agencies institutions formal
century france annexed china agricultural country southeast asia predominantly buddhist population war ii france overrun nazis china occupied japanese chinese nationalists opposed japan france joined independence movement called vietminh movement contained non communist nationalists controlled communists led moscow trained ho chi minh war france promised partial independence states china laos cambodia vietnam vietminh rejected french offer gained popular support appealing nationalism promises drive french completely land hunger promises distribute land peasants civil war raged china finally tide battle turned favor vietminh won crucial battle dien bien phu britain soviet union chairmen united states red china france states china representatives geneva negotiate settlement geneva agreements signed united states south vietnam provided follows laos cambodia recognized independent expected observe neutrality cold war vietnam divided parallel north communist government hanoi south french sponsored communist government saigon north south vote mid single vietnam government
single atom bomb bomb dropped hiroshima contained pounds uranium explosive power pounds tnt killed injured destroyed percent city subsequently scientists developed hydrogen bomb bomb generate thousand times explosive power hiroshima bomb single hydrogen bomb wipe mile radius destructiveness nuclear weapons results explosive blast tremendous heat radioactivity contaminate areas widespread fear exists nuclear war mean end civilization atomic scientists devised methods control nuclear reactions utilize tremendous heat change water steam turn steam propel boats generate electricity united states possesses fleet atomic powered surface ships submarines number atomic powered plants production electricity regions united states today atomic power competitive cost electricity generated conventional fuels natural gas oil coal energy crisis accentuated rapid depletion conventional fuel resources united states expects increasingly generate electricity nuclear power atomic scientists produced radioactive chemical substances called isotopes significant medicine diagnose body ills agriculture study plant growth preserve foods industry measure flow oil pipelines uncover flaws metal
members congress protested internal soviet crackdown dissident intellectuals minority groups american congressmen pointed forced exile russian author dissenter alexander solzhenitsyn latest book gulag archipelago published west famed nobel prize winner documented history soviet prison camp tyranny asserted tyranny integral part soviet system american congressmen led senator henry jackson pointed soviet harassment persons chiefly jews seeking leave soviet union emigrants making intentions known fired jobs expelled living quarters waiting months enmeshed bureaucratic red tape permitted leave required pay exorbitant exit fees congress approved trade bill permitted trade benefits soviets condition allow emigrants leave soviet union promptly harassment american foreign policy experts concluded soviet words actions arab israeli war indistinguishable bitterest cold war days american military pointed russia accelerated building offensive nuclear weapons permitted salt accord additional offensive nuclear weapons peaceful intentions soviet trade experts protested american congress despite administration promises delayed sweeping trade agreement soviets wanted substantial american credits loans purchase american machinery technology pay imports american grain develop siberian oil gas resources
tom tom ward instant lot today tom rubbed eyes yeah thought today move suddenly felt sick move forgot move friends neighborhood house yeah move finally looked window father talking large truck movers tom muttered hoping wouldn show washed face dressed combed hair kitchen hi mom breakfast tom tried normal hoped hide worry move breakfast table tom mother hurry eat rest kitchen stuff packed tom sat table wonder place hear bet kids age street won morning tom looked father tom feel school today want move yeah tom didn sound meant school thought yesterday checked books school
fell asleep dreamed ship sea let tell dream sailing west steady wind sunset sky full stars bright moon making speed sunset land sight crew decided turn moment turned sky dark big wind bore huge waves rose walls stop terror turned westward lit sunset moon dream return home wind pushed westward sunset land food began starve crew died ship constant wind dream knew died decks ship lifeless stars shone ship sailed changing sea westward sunset ropes rotted snapped sails fell bones dust masts dry white eaten worms broke fell water masts sails ship sailed west
young christopher short sea voyages coasts europe africa home sea studied spare moment learned latin languages studied navigation learn sail ship soon wanted learn china japan lands east europe europeans christopher met young woman important family portugal felipa christopher felipa fell love married felipa father sea captain fine library valuable books charts sea christopher studied charts writings carefully learned lot going sea talking sea captains knew talk educated knew lot sailing knew earth round idea accepted educated hundreds uneducated read sailors worked land talked dangerous edge flat feared ships sailing west europe unknown fall edge destroyed educated deal knowledge guide thinking eastern lands
learned writers constitution put limits national government separated powers president congress supreme court federalism divided powers national governments constitution put important limit government limit list freedoms freedom speech freedom press mentioned richard henry lee recording freedoms rights belong government list freedoms part constitution government added rights form ten amendments constitution word amend means change add ten amendments constitution known bill rights list things government ten amendments bill rights original language understand amendments important congress law respecting establishment religion prohibiting free exercise thereof abridging freedom speech press peaceably assemble petition government redress grievances regulated militia security free bear arms infringed
government read brought government closer gave vote gave direct vote president government democratic reading tells andrew jackson president partly growth democracy story andrew jackson help understand democracy grew united states andrew jackson father died shortly andrew born boy grew revolutionary war age member american army fought guerrilla style battles british british captured andrew home wrecked house officer gave andrew order clean boots andrew refused officer hit andrew sword leaving deep gash face andrew bleeding officer told lead troops home important american soldier wanted capture andrew took house coming escape andrew mother died war young orphan attended school lawyer young andrew jackson moved west start led americans victory british battle orleans
morning spring john finley knocked door daniel boone cabin north carolina finley friends kentucky finley wilderness told dan want pack kit hurry boone hesitated glancing wife rebecca smiled dan spring fine weather children finley party set rode horseback route led north west mountain ranges open space mountains known cumberland gap cumberland gap lay kentucky daniel boone happier journey wished forest thick full mystery excited kinds animals deer black bears buffalo wolves foxes birds wilderness paradise cold winter boone friend stuart left camp hunt buffalo suddenly band indians sprang bushes boone stuart surprised yell help indians surrounded hunters snatched guns tied arms narrow strips leather captives led miles spot deep forest daniel boone thought escape hopeless try
walked courthouse thursday morning told fugitive slave jail immediately saw black named anthony burns guarded large group soldiers offered act lawyer night held meeting meeting wanted break jail free burns night attempt free burns broke door entered jail shooting began guards guard killed wounded failed free burns burns trial began wednesday lasted friday boston surrounding towns protest trial courthouse filled soldiers ready shoot caused trouble trouble occurred citizens boston happened courtroom filled reach courtroom pass lines police lines soldiers times stopped going courtroom friday excited hoped court free burns soldiers filled square front courthouse lined sides street leading wharf ship waited burns virginia court decided guilty
union army began accept black soldiers late black soldiers army blacks lost lives fighting united states civil war fought courage bravery read account teacher give dittoed sheet questions answer read famous fifty fourth negro regiment think obligations black soldier felt country july fifty fourth negro regiment commanded robert gould shaw attacked fort wagner southern fort protected harbor charleston south carolina black soldiers marched hot july sun south carolina tired feet slipped sand continued march night sleep began rain darkness rain slowed troops stop clock morning fifty fourth reached morris island fort wagner located island twelve hours later wet tired thirsty hungry troops reached middle island took place battle line minute rest received order charge black soldiers advanced quickly guns fort wagner alive walls flashed gunfire soldiers swept wall took control planted flag regiment top fort
government mississippi obeyed constitution united states refused pay money owed confederate governments thousands white black able vote serve juries government ended kinds cruel punishment whipping post branding iron stocks government buildings prisons insane asylums homes blind deaf dumb repaired home blind bought government established public school system house south carolina gorgeously decorated clocks cost mirrors cost chandeliers cost fine porcelain spittoons bought expensive carpets mirrors sofas legislators apartments boarding houses expenses public printing ran astounding figure legislators grew rich white black property small salary soon build palace houses beautiful horses worth pay government group appointed buy worth land sell freedmen group stole half million dollars treasury robbed bankrupt reconstruction booker washington famous black american growing virginia born slave millions blacks gained freedom civil war ended
studying reasons immigrants left homes america centuries immigrants crossed ocean sailing vessels century steamships replaced sailing ships reading describes voyage immigrant steamships early million immigrants entered united states europe packed bottom ships place called steerage bad conditions ships known government started investigation story immigrant told read think question bad conditions european immigrants faced journey america women section steerage beds iron stacked beds high board separated bed bed thin straw mattress passenger single blanket privacy door dining room horrible smells drifted beds steerage wooden floors swept morning sprinkled sand saw floors washed person bed serve cupboard clothes closet towel rack baggage space washroom ten bowls cold water room small ten couldn
seen immigrants moved ghettos big cities lived tried continue sort known home slowly children children children americans read account follows think question ways immigrants learned america immigrant found home began learn english took jobs ghetto nationalities irish germans italians chinese built railroad lines worked construction projects country traveled thousands miles build railroad dam bridge canal process learned country immigrants joined labor unions immigrants european cities union members america soon enrolled fellow countrymen american unions union meetings learned english found customs country public schools helped teach young immigrants nation schools boys girls learned english studied american history learned customs country parents left ghettos children helped interpreting native language english influenced schools sons immigrants soon played american games baseball football
number robberies occurred single neighborhood york city policemen named ryan reid night plain clothes patrol streets neighborhood clock morning saw sneaking large house corner street order cut escape ryan street reid robbers saw ryan coming turned ran running feet robbers stopped fired shots ryan missed robbers separated shooting escaped later identified connor running ryan policeman reid heard shots running connor saw cut reid fired bullet cut reid overcoat left shoulder reid fired bullet pierced connor neck lay wounded sidewalk ryan called ambulance waited ambulance policemen gave aid treatment wounded connor ambulance arrived prisoner rushed hospital november policeman named heyer saved persons fire duty asleep home suddenly noise screaming awakened jumped looked window
president kennedy considered making trip dallas november visit reasons texas tour president wish mend local party differences elections secret service agents winston lawson forrest sorrels responsibility making advance plans president visit dallas motorcade route finally selected president kennedy designed allow maximum number provide wide streets allow alternate routes case happened traffic control arrangements planned police assigned overpass presidential route unauthorized persons secret service inspect buildings motorcade route check watching windows buildings route shared local police secret service agents riding motorcade prior president arrival dallas newspapers carried information planned motorcade route newspapers named streets presidential motorcade follow motorcade move slowly crowds view president kennedy wife breakfast president kennedy remarked wants shoot president united states difficult job high building someday telescopic rifle defend attempt
inside apartment voice reading list figures production pig iron voice metal plaque dull mirror formed part surface hand wall winston turned switch voice sank words easy hear instrument telescreen called dimmed shutting completely telescreen received messages sound winston level low whisper picked remained field vision telescreen seen heard course knowing watched moment system thought police plugged individual wire guesswork watched rate plug wire wanted live live habit instinct assumption sound overheard darkness moment carefully watched read section book written ago book called supposed describe
despite shortages despite problems environment think pretty america lifetime reading follows vice president senator hubert humphrey tries imagine future sure going develop capability live floor ocean perfecting machines structures put buildings floor ocean live study contemplating mine seabed vast deposits gold manganese copper precious metals ocean ocean floor intend exploit develop tides sources energy atomic energy oceans vast quantities water economical price literally deserts bloom routine transplantation internal organs person widespread artificial organs modern surgery education general teaching machines sophisticated ways today psychiatry common drugs modify personality industry application automation kinds management decision making engineering channeling water surplus areas deficit areas thousands miles
cargo cult gave rise buy johnson movement result presence south pacific war ii natives guinea islands deeply impressed masses american equipment passing islands belief return ancestors bringing cargo started turning practical unrealistic faith return americans wealth cargo cult basis faith movement beginnings native myths central figure myths named manamakeri climb palm tree collect sap flowers sap favorite beverage find sap began looking thief happened thief morning star preceding palm tree finally clever trap star exchange freedom morning star gave manamakeri magic wand tree staff wand created fish drawings staff real stamped foot manamakeri married young woman child stepped fire skin valuable articles flaked family sallied sea creating islands called mansren lord
chaos plagued newborn congo republic predictable place ethnic groups country twenty major groups belgium able arbitrarily divide vast territory huge provinces tight white control provinces governed relative efficiency belgians real effort merge cultural scored marginal success stretches undeveloped jungle debris choked rivers forbidding mountain ranges militate close knit society bulk congolese stay protective boundaries tribal grounds exception baluba tribesmen ago belgian approval migrated kasai province stimulated rivalry resident lulua adapt white civilization readily baluba tribe traditions hierarchy accepts rejects degrees white culture british peace india respecting relative sovereignty rajahs belgians left chiefs control subjects framework colony supremacy independence loomed congolese parliament haste realign provinces tribal lines nation chance hanging interior ministry worked basic requirements province
mark twain observed india vast farm mud fences comment india comes jawaharlal nehru india prime minister beginning nation independence death glory india managed things going infinite variety unity variety nehru aware problems caste india untouchables america negroes india dilemma caste stretches recorded history india intensely complicated tapestry race language india main racial groups called yellow black white races found language survey identified languages dialects scholars narrow field major languages widely understood hindustani diversity english language india officialdom cent total population english everyday language wonder india called greatest ethnographical museums india complex social structure marked hindu castes smaller social groups society concept caste authorities insist difficult non indians grasp authority seymour fersh believes easier say caste caste class color occupation exclusively hindu exclusively indian
adoption flag sign canada search fulfillment nation canada argued flag generation took national crisis bring flag climate crisis prelude expression cultural differences formation subcultures conquest diversity cultural development result quieter calmer movements acculturation conquest recorded bible bondage egypt israelites formed influential subculture mohammedan subculture india result conquest india mohammedan invaders migration subculture formation fact increasing migration canada non french non english peoples rapidly changing cultural makeup country unique subculture united states amish population pennsylvania result migration rhenish german peoples formed political alliances union poland lithuania included important subcultures white russian ukrainian peoples societies developed colonization unusual native numerically greater culture reduced subculture colonizers case union south africa cultures cultures alive political differences times exploited waves nationalism case hitler pointed large german population czechoslovakia excuse occupation country
person confesses crimes committed question posed soviet premier nikita khrushchev answered application physical methods pressuring torture deprivation judgment taking human dignity chinese thought reformers began simply tried shake hands offered cigarettes captives expecting brutality execution thrown balance pressure began permanent prison camps distinction ranks barred guards encouraged humiliation officers prisoners filled questionnaires wrote autobiographies providing hints backgrounds chinese soon knew prisoners promising candidates thought reform prisoners forced memorize lengthy communist pamphlets failing answer question classroom later roused sleep toilet questioned especially stubborn captives tortured observers traced thought reform experiments russian physiologist ivan pavlov lived pavlov found experiments dogs pattern punishments rewards change brain responses animals pavlov concluded conditioned respond desired ways today experts think pavlov experiments adequately explain thought reform fewer agree pavlov inspired important entire cultural patterns produced involved turks americans chinese sick turk hospitalized communist prison camp turks accompanied bathe wounds feed
ancient customs albania bear relation modern codes justice immigrant albanian feel justified shooting person grievous injury lived country practice major crime injury grievous according albanian lights breach plighted word albania population fewer scene feuds conflicts thousand known tramping feet conquerors byzantines serbs bulgarians sicilians venetians turks italians bloody history tough mountain folk clung customs protective wall oppressors albanian father accepts money victuals young exchange daughter hand approved albanian procedures bringing couples steps framework retreats deal boys girls break engagements country shouldn daughter behave likewise adopted culture albanian suitor accepted american ways feel lost bride grossly inexcusably insulted ingrained impulse cry revenge approving nods village fathers explosion violence america earn charges felonious assault illegal possession gun
let dim quiet apartment hated walk empty place mother home wasn bad mom dad divorced ago things wanted days mom worked home lonely turned lights dining room noticed mother left sewing spread dining table dress pattern pinned partly cut sewing box chairs course wasn unusual mother find late dash leaving number things half mother apartment filled half finished projects present project writing mystery private eye reading dozens detective stories making card file helpful things poisons guns famous murder trials actually lot detective practice everyday tell mother morning looking leaves goes goes hour home school nurse works eleven pediatrics hospital close started detecting breakfast dishes
doorbell rang looked peek hole saw policeman standing opened door chain allowed asked read mysteries fake uniform lieutenant ohara order taking chain luann want hear tell mother today sat dining table nice looking explained detective told mother unmade bed sewing stopped middle pattern piece unusual clutter living room figure mother finished left suddenly earlier planned telling left ten morning nodded wearing look closet looked closet mother uniforms dresses yellow dress yellow shoes working planned home change clothes left hospital reported officer notes
known monster today lives lake scotland lake loch ness monster called nessie nessie fearsome nessie fearsome monster nessie fact shy shy don think monster thousand persons say seen monster believe government officials army officers priests businessmen fishermen captain tugboat captain didn believe huge dark form humps rose loch ness sight tug moment captain joined believe members crew nessie seen thousand accept nessie real reasons nessie seen close things descriptions nessie fit living animal putting details beast form humped coiled neck small head monster moves fast leaves wake speedboat pictures nessie tell thing pictures show parts nessie
sixth grade high school town decided put play acted play played banjo sang cracked jokes acts knew putting plays towns decided actor bought box bought stopped coming plays night began experiment sat looking glass whiskers box looked trunk father bedroom fashioned cape hat evening put whiskers cane hand stooped walked walked restaurant town met neighbor walked slowly past woman looked oddly looked shoulder stranger town past restaurant stayed ways window inside saw outline cane cape tall hat moved light dark
ten brother nick fourteen buying gift mother mother exciting important thing gift poor war lived trouble father worked waiter birthday christmas gifts care mother gift think giving lucky nick hand furniture store opened block job loading furniture wobbly pushcart customer carefully pushed cart streets customer home nickel tip remember nick thin dark face blazed joy gift gotten idea school looked forward eagerly surprising mother present secretly told father pleased patted heads proudly fine idea mother happy sad voice knew thinking mother worked cooked bought food cared ill
blocks station miller restaurant quiet eating place miller restaurant front side door entered sat table facing woman read menu ordered eggs toast ordered finishing simple meal woman spoke menu minute think pot tea warm charge high haven menu clergyman card seen waiter drew ma left menu table took order think clergyman looked hard woman found looking hard pairs eyes fell instantly waiter brought menu woman ordered tea waiter clergyman paid orders tea hot drunk quickly clergyman watched woman sip tea grow restless fingers drummed table sit suddenly calling street sounds newsboys woman put head side listened yes sir extra
jody waited unhappily inside door building surely father soon thought nights don give easily thought anger hang try fourteen jody wanted appreciated wanted counted social nil knew popular joined youth group enjoyed working snack bar busy talk joke boys girls counter told enjoy stand edge gym teen agers dancing beat records big false smile look re fun told thought freak healthy afraid growing taller dad thought couldn cute mom giraffe hi jody jody pulled gray thoughts glance sue ellen neighbor girl sue ellen front door lights bright inside music laughter coming dance floor
spent months philippine islands job fever decided leave reached manila miss mail steamer learned tramp steamer named squaw going leave honolulu worst tub saw decided leave lost sight land found dog aboard dog dane named gulliver biggest dog saw moved lion tail big arm voice shook deck hated dogs hated afraid dogs seeing couldn understand put saw gulliver appearing huge pile rope stretched mouth wide canyon nearly died fright caught heavy iron hook think saw set enemy expected eat gulliver dislike took form contempt paid attention pet captain crew
teen age youth reinhardt petrasch heard story lost gold superstition mountains gold certainly youth mind troubled boy reiney lived mrs helena thomas mother sitting kitchen table crying pile bills opened shop phoenix sell home baked bread soft drinks start business borrowed money pay bills lose worried reiney looked woman mother worked hard able coming reiney grampa walz sold eggs grampa walz thought mean neighbors reiney mother family youth born germany liked speak german lived hut edge phoenix raised chickens mrs thomas bought eggs felt sorry mended clothes gave home baked bread
date november workday ended women left shops offices home pm electric power supplied power company york city stopped elevators office buildings apartment houses stopped floors television sets radios wall switches useless electric power battery powered radios soon found nearly northeastern part canada electric power power noon took month find trouble bad safety switch electric power station canada niagara falls switch suddenly opened cutting power station northeast power grid grid circuits carry power northeast power stations connected grid power station cut suddenly forced supply missing power quickly overloaded circuits safety switches cut grid minutes power stations northeast power grid disconnected began ask electric circuit opening switch cut power blackout makes think electricity learn electricity wire moves flow current water pipe
christmas season arrives trees lighted pretty strings small electric bulbs bulb shape color bulb equally bright interesting thing christmas tree lights bulb loose socket burned blown lights let call type circuit series circuit bulbs connected series electrons single path flow simplest kind electric circuit fig light bulbs connected series circuit electrons flow minus terminal dry cell switch bulb bulb bulb dry cell terminal switch opened circuit broken bulbs light circuit broken bulbs goes removed heard expression chain strong weakest link link chain breaks chain broken break series circuit circuit dead christmas tree bulbs light bulbs removed electrons complete path flow happens current flows series circuit
week passed achieve needed privacy quick change act mother taking jimmy sally downtown shoes bobby going skiing father usual office home empty house twenty minutes beeline beauty clay according directions washed case faint dash powder nose wrapped sheet protect pretty frock accurately blue serge middy blouse took small wooden spatula manufacturer thoughtfully provided dug jar beauty clay peculiar shade grayish green spread face neck hairline telltale wrinkles hide directions urged talk smile twenty minutes clay dry thing wanted talk smile later reverent silence suffice fact thick green clay dried firmly place suffice face neck felt cast cement sensation reassured obviously happening sat bolt upright chair let happen fifteen minutes sitting doorbell rang
milling seventh grade classroom morning laughing talking early school winter recess lot talk christmas chanukah fantastic blizzards smothering nebraska winter main topic conversation speculation teacher meet morning miss collins started teaching class fall decided married holidays kids thought romantic thought stupid idea laugh planned grow artist married sitting top desk talking friend carla mae carter carla mae big family lived door dad grandmother friends worst friend tanya smithers hurrying door tanya worst friend remember annoyed lot continued part group town clear river didn big choice friends tanya planned famous ballet dancer grew twirling toes striking dramatic pose remind talented
early spring village juffure days upriver coast gambia west africa manchild born omoro binta kinte wrinkled midwives nyo boto baby grandmother yaisa saw boy laughed joy ancestors told boy firstborn meant allah give special blessing parents parents families nyo boto grandma yaisa proud knew child bring greatness kinte kinte live future hour crowing cocks nyo boto grandma yaisa chatterings sound child heard muted rhythmic wooden pestles women village pounding couscous grain mortars prepared traditional breakfast porridge cooked earthen pots fire built rocks thin blue smoke pungent pleasant curling small dusty village round mud huts nasal wailing kajali demba village alimamo began called daily prayers remember offered prayers allah village rose quickly beds bamboo cane cured hides
tea leeman thank colonel matter discussing ah yes uniform fabric colonel looked dusty indian plain platoon soldiers uniforms covered mud moving compound queen victoria proclaimed empress india leeman turning colonel watching smiled wash wash sir nonsense soldiers roll uniforms dirt khaki natives call hindustani word dirt permit leeman raised eyebrow discipline lax india majesty soldiers dirty ragamuffins shocking permit sir rule soldiers wore whites send manchester picked birds grouse shoot trouble mud washes rain colonel looked salesperson cotton firm firm thing send fabric khaki color wouldn fade sun interesting leeman interesting suddenly overcome vision supplying fabric majesty army india millionaire
thump stairs shuffle family room house plop chair slide end spine balanced edge seat slouch arms crossed lips pressed tightly lower eyes stare crossed arms pay attention household speak minutes takes perform actions members family watch silent performance father growl hey shape ready school mother ask wrong don feel younger sister brother tease mad glad speak single word member family received kind message father decided didn want school mother thought sick sister brother angry maybe family maybe picked small part message silent actions saying didn want talk morning possibly woke headache bed couldn find clothes wear upset angry case explain felt actions spoken
united communication travel television radio telephone link live half jets cross globe sooner later country face face voice voice live countries speak languages language bridge live town nations language barrier deal countries helpful language meaning gestures customs rules politeness misunderstand worse insult meaning find easier deal foreign think wondering need learn meaning gestures customs rules politeness ways thought talk things countries pretty let say mexico appointment mexican friend meet clock town plaza friend arrive quarter naturally annoyed mention friend waiting
october belva lockwood applied admission columbia college law school immediately received reply president samson think attendance ladies injurious diversion attention students belva expected opposition flimsy excuse annoyed husband dr ezekiel lockwood chuckled flattered belva amused send application school country georgetown university refuse request gave reason woman women admitted wrote letter addressed william wedgewood vice chancellor national university law school washington wedgewood spoken openly favor women rights belva intended test sincerity took letter personally surprised dismayed request don believe university faculty approve publicity bound develop speak behalf mrs lockwood weeks gave disappointing answer thought faculty refused admission student mrs lockwood willing give private instruction women interested conduct classes office understand entitle university diploma belva dismayed stumbling block overcome solve problems
saturday felisa entered living room carrying newspaper don enrique reading book looked yes felisa handed paper read read happened legislature lot happened put book passed law father women vote stupid laws puerto rican history felisa spoke slowly father going register surprised voice spoken firmly father going register vote voice quavered don enrique paused felisa saw fingers tremble stood began pace living room women want vote lose charm softness politics gutter women gutter politics felisa spoke low voice puerto rican women vote father going register vote sat favorite mahogany rocking chair clasped hands tightly defiance affect father knew hold sensed decision vote important don enrique tried reasoning women give husbands children politics
nadia nadia ask nadia lay motionless try find help cover nadia coat boris started stopped half crouched half standing heart stood moment couldn believe eyes blinked boot snow boot rough green soldier uniform edge white cape heart thumping boris let gaze travel slowly upwards doubt arm lay rifle hand trigger numb fear boris stared face german soldier body trembled moment shocked think clearly looked dazedly german save nadia soldier lowered rifle boris crouched closer ground going beaten nadia flung concentration camp tears helpless rage sprang eyes german think young russian afraid shaking hand drew revolver pocket pointed soldier looked timidly german frightened soldier showed fear
cold dark alarm clock wakes cathy king home portland oregon bed rushes breakfast sets half light dawn car engine warms cathy checks equipment flashlight set scales clean empty jars camera ultraviolet black light hard hat coveralls patch coveralls reads food drug administration cathy consumer safety officer food drug administration fda fda part united states department health education welfare works protect consumer scientific research food drugs cosmetics proposing laws set standards making selling products enforcing laws job consumer safety officer cathy help enforce laws morning cathy visiting macaroni factory began prepare visit yesterday read fda manual told look type inspection reviewed rules ingredients making macaroni reviewed standards quality manufacture checked regulations macaroni products packed labeled sale finally looked reports previous inspections plant cathy pulls plant parking lot
sitting home watching evening news television program announcer makes statement survey seventy percent americans spinach announcer comments news affecting spinach growers find americans spinach didn ask american don spinach hates spinach conducting survey survey poll question group topic issue group called sample picked larger group called population sample population city neighborhood announcer statement population america sample americans sample random person population equal chance picked sample imagine dark room holding bunch grapes feel grapes want bunch ripe rotten pick top bunch bottom sides taste pretty idea quality bunch
lisa flounced porch swing shoved foot floor swing jerked math book unfinished homework papers lay lap dumb homework point anyway needs division calculators thought look window mother minicalculator figure checkbook sit division problems decimals fair swing slowly steadied gentle rocking motion lisa calmed resigned opened book papers lisa absorbed swing stopped moving didn notice air backyard suddenly shimmered glowed ears couldn hear ultrahigh frequency hum caused neighborhood dogs bark lisa working part shimmer opened revealing space suited creature yellow eyes set purple fur studied girl gradually creature appearance changed space suit dials instruments melt congeal imitation lisa jeans plaid shirt sneakers eyes eating opening changed began resemble features human face hair remained exotic looking creature eliminate faint lavender tint adjusting buttons shirt focused plaid bit stepped shimmer moved lisa
village knew usurer rich smart accumulated fortune settled leisure big house surrounded immense garden guarded pack ferocious dogs unsatisfied acquired making money lending country exorbitant rates usurer reigned supreme area numerous debt rich set house peasants despite repeated reminders poor laborer manage pay standing debt working shadow peasant barely succeeded making ends meet moneylender determined money proceed confiscate debtor valuable belongings rich found peasant house small girl playing dirt yard child parents home rich asked sir girl replied playing sticks stones paying attention rich asked irritated girl playing answer rich repeated query girl looked answered deliberate slowness sir father cut living trees plant dead mother market place selling wind buying moon
say abunuwas house stingy neighbor asked loan watering pan donkey drink neighbor reluctant searched found worn leaky copper pot handed abunuwas saying pot days abunuwas took large copper pot home days fourth put small pan inside large pot carried house neighbor pot borrowed grateful kindness abunuwas neighbor saw small pan nestling inside small mine abunuwas replied night large copper pot gave birth found morning small offspring large belong thief return neighbor kind foolishness saw reason shouldn profit abunuwas stupidity replied true small child large belong house blessed pots pans fruitful days later abunuwas house neighbor asked loan large pot
mallory oak lay woodcutters felled villagers hired clear stretch woods moved leaving wake toppled trees raw stumps mallory pretended oak enchanted tower stand forever sprawled limbs tangled underbrush turned bitterly saw gray wisp curling trunk falling tree split length caught likely squirrel weasel hurried brambles plucked skirt set basket knelt peered crack tail small animal tip straggling beard sharp pointed nose jutted splintered wood eyes glared deep trunk tart voice finished staring suggest effort mallory jaw dropped fell heels trembling run curious able suddenly mind tale dwarf beard caught stump creature trapped bigger dwarf imagined snapped voice despite bewilderment mallory sprang obey
metric system measure length distance unit called meter prefixes larger smaller units length kilometer meters centimeter meter millimeter meter table compares units length unit metric system look drawing square side square centimeter area square square centimeter look drawing rectangle length centimeters width centimeters rectangle square centimeters area square centimeters find area rectangle multiplying length width find area rectangle look drawing cube edge cube centimeter volume cube cubic centimeter look drawing box length centimeters width centimeters height centimeters volume cubic centimeters volume box found multiplying length width height find volume box volume measured cubic centimeters volume measured units called liters volume liquids measured liters liter cubic centimeters
food chewed mixed saliva ready swallowed food swallowed moves tube tube called esophagus esophagus centimeters carries food mouth stomach tube carries food mouth stomach muscles esophagus help move food stomach muscles contract wave motion pushes food esophagus wave motion muscles called peristalsis peristalsis moves food direction moves food entire digestive tract muscles esophagus help move food food enters stomach stored walls stomach strong muscles muscles tighten squeeze food food broken small pieces food rolled mixed juices stomach soft food ready leave stomach liquid happens food stomach mechanical digestion takes place mouth teeth tongue crush break food saliva makes food soft mechanical digestion takes place stomach walls stomach crush mix food stomach juices food soft chemical digestion takes place mouth enzymes saliva begin digestion starch chemical digestion takes place stomach
gastric juice mixes food stomach enzymes gastric juice help break foods pepsin enzyme gastric juice pepsin begins change large protein molecules smaller protein molecules hydrochloric acid helps pepsin job rennin enzyme helps break milk protein called casein enzyme lipase begins digestion fat stomach enzymes gastric juice scientists learned pepsin hydrochloric acid digest proteins white egg protein place small piece hard boiled egg white test tubes label tubes tube add water cover egg white put dilute hydrochloric acid tube add mixture pepsin water test tube add hydrochloric acid pepsin tube plug test tubes cotton store tubes warm place hours examine test tubes egg white tubes changed egg white tube digested egg white tube digested tube contained hydrochloric acid pepsin hydrochloric acid pepsin needed rapid digestion proteins needed rapid digestion proteins chemical digestion proteins begins stomach digestion fats begins stomach
listen rock dance soul music dig jazz answering questions hard hear sight sound examples ways receiving messages respond messages fact living things respond messages sight sound examples environment noisy quiet dark light warm cool sound light temperature examples stimuli stimuli messages special organs receive stimuli environment sense organs sense organ special job receives kinds messages sense organs help respond changing environment sense organs sense organs eyes nose skin ears tongue sense organs called receptors means receive things eyes receive pictures things look nose smell skin responds temperature pressure ears receive sounds environment tongue helps identify tastes sense organs living things react stimuli react react hear chalk squeak board behave result responding stimuli surroundings stimuli affect sense receptors responses
eyes fooled think lines circle answering questions easy learn senses senses fooled hear taste things let happen senses fool draw lines index card shown picture straighten paper clip push center card hold paper clip spin card describe card spins circles saw illusion illusion false mental picture think illusion bend straightened paper clip ends centimeters touch ends skin elbow points feel close eyes try points feel sense touch fool feel things sense touch fool cross middle finger index finger hand press end pencil crossed fingers shown drawing pencils feel feel things
look drawing lettering solutions solutions clear clearness property liquid solution solutions homogeneous solutions homogeneous liquid mixtures homogeneous solutions homogenized milk milk homogeneous mixture clear milk solution solutions clear homogeneous liquid solution clear homogeneous mixture substances liquid solution shake test tube starch water solution solutions clear solution clear cloudy examine drop mixture microscope starch grains seen mixed water liquid mixtures solutions particles seen microscope particles microscopic size large particles liquid mixtures solutions look blue copper sulfate magnifying lens notice shape crystals add copper sulfate water dissolves form solution examine drop solution magnifying lens copper sulfate crystals water examine solution microscope copper sulfate turned water blue crystals seen
fill graduated cylinder water add sand clay copper sulfate water shake cylinder mixes cloudy mixture forms suspension allow suspension stand minutes sand settles bottom morning clay settled bottom particles sand larger heavier particles clay heavier particles sand settle faster lighter particles clay copper sulfate settle dissolved water sand settle clay filters holes particles larger holes pass filter particles suspension large trapped filters suspensions separated filter chemicals suspensions separate faster process called coagulation chemicals particles suspension clump clumps particles heavier single particles clumps settle faster solution alum ammonium hydroxide coagulate particles water add small amount clay test tubes shake tubes add alum solution tubes let tubes stand minutes tube clay settle faster alum solution forms jelly material jelly particles clay stick
acids turn blue litmus red bases turn red litmus blue substances red blue litmus paper change color substances neutral neutral substances acids bases neutral substances affect color litmus paper acids bases dangerous chemicals mix interesting things happen look chemical equation hydrochloric acid sodium hydroxide dangerous bad burns skin mixed form sodium chloride water sodium chloride table salt result mixing acid base salt water salt water dangerous reaction hydrochloric acid sodium hydroxide formed chemicals properties happens hydrochloric acid mixed sodium hydroxide place piece red litmus salt water change color place piece blue litmus salt water change color salt water neutral acid basic acids mixed bases neutralization occurs neutralization reaction acid base forms salt water neutralization occur sodium chloride called salt table salt sodium chloride kinds salts chemistry salt substance formed acid reacts base mixing sulfuric acid sodium hydroxide produces sodium sulfate water sodium sulfate salt potassium chloride salt formed mixing hydrochloric acid potassium hydroxide
fourths earth surface covered water water salt water salt water unfit drinking supplies fresh water limited cities build huge reservoirs collect store fresh water reservoirs lakes wells drilled water table add supply drinking water aqueducts carry water mountains cities effort fresh water meet needs future earth surface covered water lakes rivers important sources fresh water dumping grounds wastes sewage caused polluted water unfit drinking lakes rivers polluted fish live waters lake polluted takes pure lakes dying wastes dumped lakes rivers polluted pollutants dissolved materials pollutants suspended particles dissolved pollutants sewage emptied water suspended particles factories emptying wastes waters boats ships pollute water oil gasoline factories pollute water pollutants chemicals aid growth green plants act fertilizers
balance ruler fingers point balance middle ruler weight ruler divided equally sides finger finger holding ruler point called center gravity ruler acts weight center gravity object balance held center gravity point object weight concentrated center gravity hold object balance girl leading band twirling baton try twirling yardstick hold end hard twirl stick hold end try holding middle easier twirl object turns easily center gravity think center gravity wheel center wheel want twirl baton hold stand heels wall friend place pencil feet try bend pick pencil bending knees tip body center gravity center gravity feet balanced bend wall center gravity longer feet
fun seesaw ends seesaw weight seesaw balanced happens person heavier sit ends seesaw balanced end heavier person stays seesaw balanced end stays children weights seesaw balance try experiment find meter stick seesaw metal masses children hang seesaw string tied middle seesaw lever place seesaw held fulcrum seesaw turns fulcrum hang gram mass end seesaw hang gram mass end seesaw balance gram mass goes move gram mass closer fulcrum place seesaw balances real seesaw works heavier child sit closer fulcrum seesaw balance heavy child balance light child seesaw predict seesaw balance forces seesaw distance force fulcrum multiply force distance fulcrum number called moment force
heavy object fall faster lighter think heavy objects fall faster light quarter heavier dime put quarter dime edge table ruler push quarter dime hit floor fell speed weights difference heavy objects light objects fall speed falls faster quarter dime sheets paper exactly alike crumple ball drop pieces ball paper hits floor weight flat sheet falls faster reason air slows sheet paper air friction flat sheet round ball friction acts motion sheet falls slowly sheet paper fall slowly ball paper weight flat sheet paper falls slowly ball paper sheet surface rub air sheet paper slowed ball shape streamlined shapes amount air friction birds streamlined bodies racing cars streamlined cut air friction kind shape amount air friction
rub alcohol arm alcohol evaporates arm feels cooler water hot feel cooler water evaporating skin cools water alcohol evaporates removes heat cools surface evaporating evaporation cooling effect happens water evaporates skin air nearly saturated water called humid water evaporates faster dry air humid air water coming skin sweat glands evaporation moisture skin keeps cool faster evaporates cooler feel feel cooler hot dry hot humid cooler hot dry hot humid psychrometer find relative humidity psychrometer shown drawing wrap bulb thermometer piece wet cloth spin psychrometer minute minute read thermometers dry thermometer measures temperature air evaporation water cloth cooled wet thermometer reading lower dry thermometer wet thermometer cooled relative humidity low high difference temperatures thermometers tell relative humidity happens reading wet thermometer spin psychrometer
space earth covered blanket clouds clouds formed condensation occur atmosphere earth happens clouds form water droplets ice form dust particles air clouds billions billions tiny water droplets ice crystals air currents falling earth clouds formed condensation occur ground happens fog forms fog cloud forms ground ground cools quickly clear night cools layer air lies air cooled dew point water vapor air condenses forms fog fog form droplets water crystals ice clouds small air air currents droplets water moving hit hit join bigger heavier droplets water heavy fall rain snow forms crystals ice grow larger heavy remain cloud rain snow called forms precipitation rain fall cloud sleet hail forms precipitation rain falls layers air rain falls cold layer air drops freeze
air masses amounts heat moisture regions earth air masses move east united states air masses meet air masses don mix surface betweeen masses called front front cover hundreds kilometers forward edge cold air mass called cold front forward edge warm air mass called warm front fronts bring weather front happens cold front moves region cold air denser warm air pushes warm air forms steep slope cold front approaches warm air region forced upward upward movements gusty winds warm air moves upward expands cools quickly big puffy clouds produced cooling heavy precipitation cold front moves precipitation stops air ground clear cooler cold front passed cold air mass moved happens warm air forced upwards happens warm front moves region warm air moves slowly cold air warm air rises cold air rising warm air forms gentle slope warm front warm air slowly moves cold air rises cools high feathery clouds form
lesson learned continents drifting large pieces land able move ancient hindus believed earth rested head elephant elephant standing tortoise animals moved earth moved today geologists idea think explains movements earth finish lesson able give large sections earth crust give chain mountains formed center oceans describe happens underwater mountains happens turn radiator cold room heat radiator flows room warms cold air heat earth flows hot places cooler places hot melted rocks earth mantle push cooler crust hot material able flow crust places cracks cracks crust found mid ocean ridges mid ocean ridges chains mountains formed center oceans earth separate crust large pieces sections earth crust called plates page activity help understand happens mid ocean ridges
happened morning january island iceland earth rumbled ground split open clouds smoke began rise red hot rocks blasted high air thousand ran safety months later things finally quieted returned find part town buried cone shaped mountain mountain soon answers questions finish lesson able give names red hot melted rock kind mountain formed hot materials escape cracks crust describe kinds mountains formed rocks deep earth surface hot melt red hot melted rock called magma magma tends rise earth surface lighter solid rock magma pushes crack weak spot earth crust magma reaches earth surface called lava steam rocks hot gases mixed lava hot material piles cools hardens forms mountain solid rock mountain formed called volcano volcanoes clue inside earth look map page blue dot shows location active volcanoes earth surface
look tombstones rock cemetery look don rocks stay change small happen slowly add entire mountains worn happen finish lesson able word describes breaking rock small pieces identify give ways rocks break happen smashed large rock hammer rock break small pieces nature ways hammering rocks mountains nature ways called weathering small pieces broken rock found look mountain building earthquakes weathering helps change surface earth look water pipe shown pipe burst water inside froze happens water expands freezes thing happen rock water drips cracks spaces rock water freezes expands rocks crack split kind weathering called physical weathering rock breaks small pieces size shape changed minerals rock changed
apparently need approval important fact approval small children learn early kinds behavior earn approval parents kinds behavior bring frowning disapproval families baby learns try turn stove parents express disapproval facial expression warning tone voice learns associate kind disapproval touching heater electric socket hand babies learn saying mama daddy smile hug things learn approval kinds behavior recognize feel important students things school think earn approval friends teacher disapprove speculate person approval speculate need approval shared part group getting approval opinion feeling esteem rewarding experiences give feelings
hungry eat hunger drive reduced cold turn heat put coat drive avoid extremes temperature reduced apparently living things seek balance learned earlier bodies care balance automatically perspire hot goose bumps cold thinking motivation think causing act restore balance behavior achieving goal stops balance restored free think individual behave satisfy need need love security expect deprivation regularly occurring needs prepare ahead restore balance need food eat start feeling hungry fact industries developed complicated systems growing storage transportation marketing food sure food need drives discussed physical caused deprivation physical primary need drives created secondary emotional needs important lives kinds needs born
remember chimpanzees chapter learned behavior dropping blue token slot give grapes able predict wanted grapes action result getting result adapted behavior achieve result dropping color learned blue token happened chimps dropped blue tokens slot received grapes times received learned connect getting grapes dropping blue tokens slot human learning depends kind predictability person learns actions connected results predict behavior adapt behavior situation changing predict results behavior feel learn actions connected environment live grow try satisfy needs feel secure predict happen think experiences individual learning desirable actions individuals experiences learning cross street light green red traffic adapting environment
luxuries radios refrigerators wanted earn money purchase goods war ii armed forces fill civilian jobs war created jobs machinery weapons goods needed military produced large scale women performed jobs changed attitudes woman role society war women continued working easier women move ascribed statuses gain achieved statuses result growth industrial urban society family united states changed greatly family longer functions social system family members spend american colonial family parents jobs activities busy home children spend school friends today urban societies united states individual grows develops small family group nuclear family depend small group ways person larger american colonial family today individual chooses start family able meet needs family group
help individuals adapt behavior easily change status status society develops special ceremonies events called rites rituals purpose ceremonies help person understand passing important status ceremonies called rites passage societies rite called wedding marks change status unmarried person married person wedding ceremony special events practices engagement period point forthcoming rite united states engaged couple honored small family dinners large parties attended friends families woman bridal shower friends groom bachelor dinner wedding events important purpose impress young couple entering statuses roles recall norms married united states norms part status vary society recall societies read earlier norms part status child differ societies swazi part marriage rite requires bride visit groom family briefly friends
united states developing nation eighteenth nineteenth centuries woman training upbringing eastern part country settled schools established girls separated boys taught subjects elderly spinster living running institute young ladies taught pupils dress speak politely curtsy giggle western united states settlers nineteenth century didn money build separate schoolhouses girls boys school studied subjects west eventually united states separate schools boys girls unpopular schools couldn built fast growing population children continued send children boys schools girls schools interested children receive education classes separated girls receiving education equal basis boys studied subjects learned skills result women able compete jobs homes wanted growing industrialization beginning twentieth century required skilled workers found women perform jobs factories later offices
hundred ago part seventeenth century group called puritans england england founded massachusetts bay colony later important original thirteen colonies puritans living england wanted purify clean practices church england thought complex believed worship god going church working hard status course puritans believed failed hard receive god blessings values speculate think values similar englishmen puritans preached family live simply save money earned spending guess puritans able earn livings england able save money wealthy think sons daughters feel values hard thrift puritans massachusetts found values especially environment unlike land england land north america unlimited willing hours live simply expect living
quickly learn accept ways living large city find fairly easy adapt common culture find remain members separate group subculture works environment prefer traditional ways choose adopt values behavior majority members subcultures contact common culture mean conflict form hypothesis explain anger violence result cultural backgrounds watts section los inhabited largely black americans exploded riots number killed injured damage property rioting occurred united states identify behaviors values beliefs common culture increase conflicts experienced members subcultures migrated large cities speculate results members common culture discourage allow subculture members components common cultural system individual member subculture survive meet physical needs taking part common culture economy society united states large complex members common culture ignore unaware problems involving subcultures harsh events riots watts bring problems open
cultural heritage black americans lost begin africans brought america slaves cultures ashanti kingdom hottentot tribe madagascar slave ships arrived united states slaves sold individuals cultural groups families coming african village widely separated places south slaves forbidden practice religions speak languages sing songs cultures hypothesize happened african cultural heritage children born foreign land slaves cultures children united states today learn cultural tradition homes schools children slaves allowed school children freed slaves civil war schools taught african culture slavery destroyed influence black american home husbands wives sold separately masters slave owners allow black parents teach children african culture proud poor slave infer effect slavery dignity identity blacks spite slavery later discrimination blacks united states deal african culture survived
april united states citizens gathered washington demand american troops brought home immediately vietnam southeast asia huge crowd marched capitol building leaders plead congress power end war speaker meeting appeal members house representatives senate say constitution end war congressmen opposed war spoke crowd herman badillo democrat york city told protesters place citizens washington demand end war vietnam fact demonstrations taking place united states began protesters wanted war larger numbers demonstrators demanding end bombing north vietnam protesters angry demanded american troops brought home protested feared spread war parts southeast asia marchers called peace carried signs crowd walked capitol building april largely young earlier demonstrations
southern part united states voted democratic candidate presidential election eighteen olds tend vote future elections important issues simply guessing behave political political scientists collect analyze massive amounts information draw inferences form hypotheses test hypotheses political scientists study behavior voters study power governments forms power takes society political scientists study history government country system met needs groups individuals national elections approaches united states especially interested political scientists studying political behavior members society political scientist gather accurate data voting political behavior nation especially large varied united states obviously talk personally hundred million american voters census figures sources information political scientist decides voters kinds accurately represent cross section voters wants learn voter information include personal characteristics age sex employment income level ethnic background
kalahari covers half million square miles covers botswana reaches angola touches northern rhodesia covers areas southwest africa republic south africa kalahari sandy hot dry plateau stands thousand feet sea level soil red sand sand dunes heat excessive summer especially western parts kalahari wind dust present whirlwinds whirlwinds unpleasant dangerous winter climate pleasant land kalahari covered dry beds rivers rarely hold water wet season crater depressions called pans kalahari collect water rains kalahari local word meaning salt pans rainfall kalahari comes small amounts regular map falls summer months november april hours rain falls water completely disappears surface sand bushmen live kalahari desert survive desolate place hunting gathering food bushmen skilled hunters order survive game kill game poisoned arrows
economist discusses economic efficiency ask quantity quality products nation produces goods services produced economists developed methods measuring growth economic systems investigate growth rate nation gross national product recall total money goods services economy produced period economist measures economic security nation offers investigate jobs want ask individual paying bills ill disabled dependents supported dies economist interested measuring economic freedom individual system free choose kind prefers job free look free choose goods buy wages economist economic justice ideal individuals equal chance fulfill economic roles ways wish individuals system equal chance learn job skills job skills equal chance job pages able compare ways values efficiency growth economic security economic freedom justice economic systems
caravans camels moved desert northwestern china numerous canals rivers carried boatloads goods coastal provinces europeans allowed china marveled large amount goods exchanged thought china carried trade boundaries european countries ways distribute resources goods parts country areas china began specialize products areas damp climate coastal cities shanghai hangchow centers cotton spinning supplied cotton cloth europe rest china area southeast china famous fine pottery europeans bought eagerly began call china areas raised cotton rice wheat tea areas grew silkworms cocoons thread china famous silk spun china greatest empire earth ready industrial revolution occurred england china begin develop economy traditional agricultural basis early large prosperous empire existed centuries discovering technology mass production answer lies important chinese values lasted generations chinese including government leaders teaching philosopher named tzu confucius lived
section chapter read choices societies economic values growth security justice efficiency addition economic values think values members society consider important close eyes minute try think values americans consider important living think hard wealth friendship willingness try ideas independence thrift leisure love nature values affect members society choose live values thought helped united states develop economic system conflict economic development limit individual economic choices young woman read beginning section values chose live woods values gathered larger groups called communes members common interests values important choose live commune communes located country organized cities sense commune small economic system degree interdependence members groups differs commune commune lives roof person personal property
morning mosquito saw iguana drinking water hole mosquito iguana believe saw yesterday try iguana mosquito saw farmer digging yams big mosquito compared yam snapped iguana grumpily deaf listen nonsense stuck sticks ears mek mek mek mek reeds iguana grumbling happened pass python big snake raised head morning iguana iguana answer lumbered bobbing head badamin badamin won speak python iguana angry afraid plotting mischief began looking hide likely place found rabbit hole wasawusu wasawusu wasawusu rabbit saw big snake coming burrow terrified scurried bounded kirk kirk kirk clearing crow saw rabbit running flew forest crying kaa kaa kaa duty spread alarm case danger monkey heard crow sure dangerous beast prowling began screeching leaping kili wili trees help warn animals
sunny afternoon ago tonia tina hays chasing driveway playing tag suddenly strange appeared pond field home looked large balloon hundred yards look tonia shouted excitedly moving exclaimed tina twins pointed blue gray object younger brother busy playing interested ran house tell mother mommy mommy called funny balloon pond mother tried calm pulled garage door field mrs hays thought object large hot air balloon blimp oddly gradually changing color blue gray red began rise higher higher till amazing thing happened vanished simply hidden clouds disappeared suddenly completely grand magician magic words night hays door neighbor saw strange field pond usual dim glow power line tower lights saw red light bright eyes water wanted run tell able move light rose disappeared seen ufo
roanoke island small flat sandy twelve miles miles wide lies coast north carolina hidden atlantic ocean chain narrow islands known outer banks today small ships reach island threading narrow inlets outer banks summer small band women children landed roanoke island began clear trees build huts sailed england tiny ships journey lasted weeks food tools supplies build homes establish permanent colony columbus landed america nearly century spanish settled florida mexico parts south america larger islands caribbean fortunes spain gold silver mines mexico peru ocean current called gulf stream flows northward florida north carolina coast united states fleets large slow spanish ships laden american treasure king spain coast gulf stream strike east atlantic england poor country powerful spain english eager share treasures
halloween night family rushed supper trick treaters started coming finished early bitsy kids bring mothers fathers reach door bells didn tell parents jennifer mentioned mother meeting friend going trick treat mom asked school yes days start getting short evenings start getting cool late october wear ski jacket pilgrim costume looked pilgrim bad trade indians jennifer waiting leaning tree put stockings black cotton stockings wore huge black shawl smelled bit moth balls happen especially smell autumn hi bigger bag replied didn say held bags took bigger didn say thank manners unusual guessed witches thank parents taught politeness vocabulary didn mind thought thank conversation prettier bows lace dresses prettier full admiration easily jennifer managed bows lace thank
rumor mouse woman wasn stories told feasthouses rumor whispered chuckling things childhood remembering stories trouble didn actually believe rumor think mouse woman spirited imperious busybody called grandmother think girl playing children think story trouble gotten trouble place course rumor reminded anyway happened happened real migrated southward coast build handsome totem pole villages mouse woman moved southward place supernatural beings watch big busy mouse eyes according rumor small girl named mouse woman living mouse relatives north playing children according rumor running squeaking catching streaming kelp bulb playmates noticed
weeks beautiful house strange friend phoebe enjoyed fine china plates crystal glasses enjoyed serving cook deliciously prepared meals general washington important guests pompey cook son solemnly saltcellar peppermill knew save general washington days heard began wonder father mistaken plotting beginning june phoebe mortier house months meeting place father wasn phoebe stood waiting wondering queen head mortier house trying decide saw father hurrying looked worried care notice held shoulders looked face phoebe urgently heard general washington leaving mortier house days person known act find phoebe mind whirling hurried house frightened determined save general washington ago figured likely shot
narcissus beautiful boy nymphs maidens fell love nymph echo goddess hera enchanted strange spell spell echo talk answer repeating words poor echo narcissus unable speak hunting narcissus separated companions began call shouted echo gladly cried narcissus answered let meet called boy let meet echo appeared narcissus cared cold cruel poor nymph crept hid misery pined wasted love faded sight voice answers words call gods angry narcissus cruel treatment echo unkind girls attracted beauty proud punish cast terrible spell deep woods clear pool shepherds bird beast fallen branch disturbed crystal waters narcissus woods hot weary hunting
soon inside city lampwick boys hurried join rest children soon excellent friends happier contented continual games sorts pastimes hours days weeks passed lightning beautiful shouted pinocchio met lampwick answered lampwick think didn want think intended wasting studying free today nasty books schools owe advice insistence real friend show kindness yes true lampwick today happy boy owe schoolmaster say don lampwick bad boy lead trouble poor master shaking head didn spoke ill generous soul pleasure forgive noble boy pinocchio embracing friend months playland toys amusements seeing book school
home spook waiting asked tagged inside stairs magdalena glad company thing spook nani home spook wild horrify nani terribly dirty untamed hair shot nest snakes wild smells spook sniffing nani herbs hung bunches wall kitchen looked orderly thanks nani inviting comfortable room spook walked examining things pointed portrait refrigerator father grandfather mendez dead look dead don remember saw think born hundred ago americans landed puerto rico july things learned cassidy disrupted showed picture artist painted american soldiers scrambling dock white boats guanica grandfather mendez thought belonged lived guanica close ponce born
mowing machine whirring sounded cheerfully buffalo wallow south claim shanty bluestem grass stood thick tall pa cutting hay sky high quivering heat shimmering prairie half sunset sun blazed hotly noon wind scorching hot pa hours mowing stop night laura drew pailful water edge big slough rinsed brown jug till cool hand filled fresh cool water corked tightly started hayfield swarms white butterflies hovered path dragon fly gauzy wings swiftly chased gnat stubble cut grass striped gophers scampering ran lives dived holes laura saw swift shadow looked eyes claws hawk overhead gophers safe holes pa glad laura water jug mowing machine drank mouthful ah hits spot tipped jug corked setting ground covered cut grass sun makes fellow want bunch sprouts shade joked
joker born circle ranch montana colt ran mother ranch horses pastures foot mountains played colts born learned wisdom wise mother mornings heard song larks dusk coyote howl lullaby beginning joker unusually small round strong remarkable thing color horse side appeared pure white pony black tail black cap top head side black white socks white mane milk white nose mother pinto spotted pintos color divided spine al owner ranch didn notice joker summer rode buyer look young stock nice looking white foal buyer tex cowboys cut joker horses join colts going big trucks buyer look white colt found tex white colt al shouted
country adiri river comes kong mountains hunter named ama left village hunting game hard find deeper deeper forest looking edge river part forest seen stood thinking heard music coming trees heard voice singing faint tinkling sansa kind tiny piano played thumbs voice singing imposes things things impose ama moved forward quietly peered trees sitting clearing forest tortoise sansa hands sang imposes things things impose ama astounded tortoise sang beautifully thing heard country stood listened tortoise afraid continued sing play music entrancing ama heard village couldn forget tortoise hunting forest clearing found tortoise sansa heard sing imposes things things impose
atheneum maria found half dozen guests parlor returned home soon left slipped housetop perfect autumn night sweeping skies looked logbook noted father night turned telescope looked orion lens sighted star group called corona borealis downstairs hear laughter talking tired glad stars suddenly stiffened upper part field telescope tiny white spot knew part heavens knew atheneum white spot turned head closed eyes tricking looked lens white spot chronometer showed exactly half past ten wrote figures rose hurried narrow attic stairs find father sure guests stopped talking rushed room mitchell looked quickly father urged turned flew stairs father close mother sister kate guests rooftop william mitchell looked carefully lens shook head turned
round faces brown hair grace thin legs snub noses scrapbook rested grace knees knees wedged chest photographs close range vague faces princesses dissolved thousands gray dots grace face grace couldn sure proofs royal lineage strong grace stared hill railroad tracks list proofs mind proof girl jones family moved boston massachusetts cleveland ohio sooner joneses finished journey boston driven dusty lane house climbed wearily petunia model ford stood grass looking front porch girl door walked lane say hello stared grace wonderful thing turning head side looking grace half closed eyes look princess elizabeth grace surprised pleased grace leaned wicker chair held finger proof mother minutes ago unpacking dishes store cupboards house
ago emperor china beautiful palace entirely finest porcelain surrounded garden full extraordinary flowers garden big gardener ended edge flowers beautiful woods lofty trees deep lakes began woods extended sea trees lived nightingale sang beautifully fishermen listened night drawing nets travelers emperor capital country wrote books town palace garden nightingale put books reached emperor pleased hear beautiful descriptions palace garden nightingale read emperor nightingale bird kingdom garden heard called gentleman waiting wonderful bird called nightingale emperor books say kingdom told
ago kapaa island kauai lived fisherman wife net largest fish caught big fish flopped canoe saw tears roll fish eyes akua exclaimed akua wife lucky bad fish home crying loudly village akua shouted kind wife saw strange fish heard cry food fish hungry ate sweet potato wife gave dried fish cried louder poi asked poi brought fish stopped crying ate fish sleep amazement fish began change tail disappeared feet grew fat legs grew fins arms enormous hands head young lay young giant poi island kauai feed fisherman hawaiian let visitor hungry villagers soon giant grew larger big walk moaned
evening james returned hill midnight strange thing happened hill rose high james walk middle stood dwarf father castle dwarf hill closed round james found inside handsome palace floors silver walls gold lights diamonds shining stars decided reward yes james asked money food things nearest dearest horn horse hunting gun sooner asked dwarf led james cellar filled top bottom guns guns big trees small toothpicks guns gold silver guns seen earth james looked carefully walked corner hung rusty gun rusty gun dwarf choose rusty gun serve room filled horns tall small toothpicks plain sparkled diamonds james took look
king hard believe eyes kind hands strong say set horses dwarf king palace arrived hill close midnight james stopped foot hill call dwarf king blew horn high sharp note soon sharp note died fearful noise hill slowly rose inside rich palace shining sun saw dwarf king fearful looking taller boot nose arm eyes size plates sight james king horses dwarf wept bitterly tears james king daughter give dwarf king cried louder gold silver cried king young daughter sings sweetly bird morning night give james raised horn played lively song dancing dwarf started kicking feet spinning round round
hundred ago country ruled england days slave markets big cities negro women children sold servants brought united states crowded ships brought slave markets confused frightened sick hungry bought slaves gave food homes pay buyers want family parents children separated today slavery terrible cruel thing easy realize ago slavery common thing countries buying selling slaves finally ended law john wheatley wealthy boston massachusetts slave market wanted servant wife eye caught negro child standing looked sickly frightened wheatley felt sorry girl dressed rags bought took home rest wheatley family saw girl sorry called phillis gave wheatley
mary thought wonderful saturday morning wanted save young american soldier didn understand mother cried kissed forehead father patted shoulder re brave girl happened ago america fighting independence england mary lived parents grandmother log cabin miles main roads news war americans british heard sound drum marching feet times mary saw red coats british soldiers trees dark clothes american soldiers going saw hide bushes carefully soldiers passed run home fast mary playground forest clearing log cabin stood wonderful playground bright flowers singing birds forest animals stream ran woods mary especially liked boats float water mary friend rag doll becky grandmother becky mary birthday mary becky shared secret adventures woods saturday mary becky playing stream
quiet cried mother suddenly hear voices speak untruth try give scout protection put grandmother bed feather bed quickly moment frightened boy hidden feather bed look mary pointed feather bed sticks guess grandmother mary lie side bed pull blanket grandmother sewing mother busy spinning wheel soldiers door looking runaway soldier captain look wish soldiers stepped shutting door looked room carefully searched north side woods asked mother working spinning wheel suddenly terrible thing happened turned leave hidden soldier sneezed captain turned quickly demanded mary heart stood quick wink pulled blanket face sneezed hard sounded sneeze british soldier turned bed surprise laughed soldier looked moment girl ill face red fire
large ocean lies country middle farmland south big city sea beautiful farmhouse home kristen manson wife children mansons horse pig goat important cows calves thing money manson family believed money important liked cows calves proud kippie cow largest cattle mouths fed children needed warm clothing school costs lot money kristen manson farmer ends meet wife think going sell kippie easy say want sold asked mrs manson uncertainly master farm decide replied kristen children cried heard kippie sold morning week later february early say don leave stay dear kippie cow begged kippie cow strong minded beast decided wanted leave farm
kippie discovered enjoyed running ran fast pleased ahead kristen manson able catch soon edge city trolley car started kippie cow trolley car gave kick stamped feet cow curious kippie seen trolley kicked times felt find inside car looked put front legs step going hop door conductor saw hey shouted cow trolley kristen rush trolley standing kippie cow entered doorway conductor put chain door stop kippie going farther car stay doorway trolley comfortable room turn left hang driver start conductor re late closed doors trolley started move
cow paid money asked smiling gentleman goes free young girl re willing lap conductor girl thought wouldn comfortable passengers joked trolley reached edge fair grounds short stop conductor told passengers called loudly help brought board pushed kippie slide backwards stood edge fair grounds looking asked send lost found office boy maybe rule cows curious sides cow trolley car soon large excited crowd gathered policeman blew whistle moving shouted blocks traffic arrested police station policeman saw cow didn rule book arresting cow moment trolley car arrived stepped kristen manson kippie cow spoke fine say re smart
king dinosaurs lived later allosaurus dinosaur ate large plant eating swamp dinosaurs grew feet stood feet high weighed tons anatosaurus bill shaped duck lived swamps ate marsh water plants toed footprints found rocks formed swamp mud dinosaurs ago scientists put extinct reptiles group called dinosaurs fossils bones teeth footprints studied clear dinosaurs group reptiles group hip bones shaped bird group hip bones shaped lizard dinosaurs bird group plant eaters dinosaurs lizard group changed ways giant swamp dwellers meat eaters age reptiles thousands thousands dinosaurs lived died nest eggs hatched chance raise young millions dinosaurs changed dinosaurs small fast heavy slow strong bones hold huge bodies dinosaurs teeth duck billed anatosaurus hundreds thousands teeth
someday trip space travel space station visit planets knows live space stations things learn fun pretend space trip today imagine space station suppose fitted space suit doctor found fine health friends earth climb elevator gantry frame supports space ship past part stage pass stage space ship reached nose stage climb aboard final countdown minute checks strap special chair lie exciting flame building base space ship terrific roar space ship rises moves slowly moves faster faster carried earth speed building pushes chair practiced feeling earth uncomfortable left earth minute ago
comes exciting moment wear space suit space suit supply oxygen pressure air conditioning space ship wonder clumsy practiced putting earth floating space cabin helps clumsy suits oxygen bottles place ready step series rooms let leave space ship board space taxi rooms air space ship air space taxi course need space suit space taxi small rocket ship airplane air lift wings space ship rose gases rockets shot space ship space taxi reached station circling earth ship brought travels earth space station change ships rest trip waiting board ship visit planet explore space station look big rocket ship loaded space station
schultz delicatessen cool dark smelled pickles cinnamon magazines month crowd magazine rack cents worth lemon drops fast reader dollar worth comics afternoon schultz complaining threatening comics today place empty comics limp looking wouldn week gentlemen asked schultz billy fats arguing dill pickles dime cents apiece billy bought dill pickle fats cents left jelly beans hand billy pointed dime anyway phone rang schultz answer minute billy fats stopped arguing listen schultz face redder redder white mustache bristled shouted loudly couldn understand single word saying emil emil schultz grandson drove delivery truck finally schultz slammed phone put hands head groaned matter asked billy alarm emil sick roared schultz hold
billy ringing problem spite heat wearing overcoat collar turned hands pockets looked rear store fats hidden pile boxes billy punched total key bell rang cash drawer popped open reached pencil copy answer leave open kid gruff voice stick movie hand pocket reached scooped bills cash drawer billy happening looked weapon reach glass jar lollipops bags potato chips hey feebly schultz won fats shouted shuddup snarled billy shut fats balanced pile boxes bottle raspberry pop hand heard turned look billy sight met eyes unbalanced completely boxes shifted feet let bottle grab support bottle hit cement floor exploded yell fats dropped bottle explosions echoed narrow store gunshots
billy fats pretty pleased turned emil stay clean wreckage witnesses schultz officer maloney prisoner station house tell story interrupting ask questions sergeant desk wrote end sergeant idea fats exploded bottles purpose scare hold billy escaping stunning jar lollipops anyway police schultz think thing pretty soon began think hey feel hero billy whispered fats billy wait home start acting hero suddenly fats remember dime worth free gotten schultz officer maloney store billy fats looked shelves counter schultz checked cash drawer maloney hear schultz start sputter didn pay attention officer maloney called cash register looks boys pretty brisk business schultz looking peculiar fashion
stood quietly narrow ledge hotel watched gathering sidewalk crowd sea curious white black faces growing fast swelling street joined crowd hurrying bugs drawn rest eat traffic beginning horns sounded loudly looked tiny mysterious twenty stories sounds reached faint excitement clear paying attention surprised faces popping window look talk bellhop staring shaking head elevator operator hard voice demanded looked elevator operator face think asked quiet voice gonna jump elevator operator asked ledge looked street won walk jump elevator operator growled head disappeared moment later head poked window ledge didn beg pardon head waved re thinking foolish thing head declared
dear hitchcock writing heard want advice friends say real writer write letters figure maybe tell scared say thing happened want story maybe collaborate story write happened brighton beach coney island brooklyn bring blanket paper bag unroll sand pants shirt bathing suit shorts try catch sun park wooden sign says bay lot age twenties thirties lie sand look boardwalk plastered signs saying need shirt pants walking matter happened afternoon thing want tell city shade dropping flies beach today sand hot needles feet waited half hour friends showed water
left home kino jiya father kino deep bell heard island bell kino asked father bell inside walls house wants town safe kino asked father soon children seen coming road house wish jiya kino took piece white cloth put air jiya jiya ran road kino farm didn want cry parents leave safe didn understand kino father put hand help jiya wall kino yelled earth fire twisted turned ground opened loud noise cold water fell middle hot rocks cloud hot wet air sea water lifted sky big wave tell parents jiya yelled kino father took hold boy arms late
jazz funny thing asked jazz lucky idea jazz free music free jazz play feel inside jazz music set free music inside person working strange free music born slavery strange africa music important part happened music music special events music small events washing clothes working land music ocean africans helped remember land kind music black sang song call answer pattern leader sing line answer line song leader river jordan deep wide river cross leader don side river cross call answer pattern heard jazz today instruments played singing drums important music africa
charles smile frowned say don smile charles frowned looked think cares home busy tired yelling charles father home noise charles mother yelling busy brother sister older sister brother hurry friends home charles school charles frowned teacher saying charles children room school didn pay attention asked play charles didn want play picked morning mrs potter teacher class give chance try leader jazz band children haven chance mary try jerome kate charles instruments ben put record
summer chicago hot dry rained city usual chicago windy chicago buildings wood city waiting fire started dark fall night happened fire broke barn belonged mrs leary believe cow owned mrs leary started fire kicked oil lamp wrote song later seen fire large jumped quickly building building jumped river firefighters knew wouldn able put fire let fire burn rain finally put stop fire city burned ground left homes city built look buildings built wood heart city build buildings elevators important buildings tall chicago built plan mind city built single plan
believe ghosts say seen ghosts houses walking lonely road say talked ghosts watched float air don believe ghosts say seen ghosts don believe say ghosts matter fact sure things happen explain dishes float air voice heard night believe ghosts think answer ghost watching believe ghosts questions tell ghost ghost saw ghosts night re curious look manual ghost hunter wanted ghosts maybe afraid ask say ghost spirit dead person animal ready die strange death ghost look say ghosts ghosts look walk
ghost story told ago young true york bad curve highway curve known devil elbow car accidents fall night weather bad cold rain coming hours cars highway going slowly cars young book salesman side road rain knew miles farther devil elbow careful salesman saw figure side road wasn sure human car moved closer saw young woman white coat signal salesman felt stop put window asked lift low voice thanked front car salesman asked going gave address miles ahead cold gave coat thanked put rain coming harder salesman watching road heavy rain girl speak nearly forgot
think favorite story children wolf takes part villain wolf wolf member dog family eskimo sled dog wolf largest dogs largest wolf record kilograms pounds wolves kilograms pounds grown wolves colors black white gray wolves north white snow hair thick warm cold winter wolves big feet top snow winter mud summer wolves run large area look food big feet carry speed kilometers miles hour real hurry hour dead tired speed kilometers miles hour run night display sign slowing wolf knows place pack wolves meet hold tail hold means agreement obey look signs wolf pack
goldie young wolf pup things mean lot human children important goldie things food place live wolves goldie needed part group goldie woke morning black nose deep hair sisters sisters brothers mother slept close den mother dug den side hill weeks born dug hole room pups small dark weeks goldie brothers sisters mother den join rest family wolf family called pack wolf packs forest pack wandered hunted area area wolves frost ground spring air felt goldie ran hill den fell ran suddenly lifted feet air big gray wolf grabbed neck hung teeth frosted ground
girl continued dream felt falling falling falling moved sleep middle night noticed lobo thought hand reached touched warm body wolf felt human move stayed hand touched hurt minutes passed wolf heard moving dry leaves gray ghost rose stood sleeping girl dark pair yellow eyes low growl wolf throat yellow eyes began move coming closer left girl moved eyes wolf large animal pounds woods equal wolf saw eyes blink move returned place girl clouds began race sky wolf moon clouds moved quickly light sun felt leave inside wolf run run deeper part woods sense held fast wolf felt girl hand touch
want uncle joe fill bait bags handed larry bag removed trap larry looked helplessly show uncle joe scooped handful bait stuffed bag ahead don smell perfumes araby won hurt larry dipped hand bait tub carefully odor terrible moment thought going sick filled lungs clean salt air felt uncle joe looking approval put bag trap tossed trap overboard started petrel morning cruised buoy buoy sun rose higher sky sea turned green blue purple whitecaps began crests waves mainland larry houses stillport toy houses toy town sight land star island looked wild deserted thought persons left sight distant lobster boats going business morning larry discovered didn mind smell bait
shh fields looked illinois town spring cool mist lay early morning streets street small boy running light marble cream moon clock struck leaving tennis shoe prints softly quiet lawns boy stepped invisible machine cried high dark house window house window opened boy crept roof ground boys ran banana filled mouths dark cold morning follow whispered fields study patterns quick janet william robert ran cold pavements spring visible slumbering town park lights flickered doors clicked children rushed gasping pairs hill gleaming blue tracks comes children milled dawn shining tracks small light grew seconds later steaming thunder screamed janet train seen pictures shouted robert children watched train stepped gigantic gray elephants lifting question mark nozzles cold morning sky cumbrous wagons rolled freight flats red gold lions roared paced boxed darkness circus janet trembled think happened
amanda started bad thing piling dress short mother frowned morning minute inspection scrub teeth fingernails clean mom baby amanda let hopeless squawk fled mother looked didn amanda saw help show neighbors dawsons clean quiet mannered family block grumbled amanda rebelliously amanda dawson tall twelve thin face plain unremarkable large liquid chocolate brown eyes shade darker skin mother didn amanda amanda quick imagination leaped present picture proper spotlessly clean starched tidy creature elbows knees hidden hair worked loose tight rubber band didn run shout slang honor roll shoo don trespass sidewalk absorbed picture making amanda unthinkingly short cut mrs hawthorne corner lot lady popped house cuckoo clock
put fishing tackle dinghy breakfast swing side drop boat untie rope leaving called motor noise headed side lake object catch muskellunge fished north america fresh water lakes rivers muskellunge belongs genus esox family pickerel northern pike fish ferocious cannibals razor sharp teeth enormous appetites streamlined shape pointed snout annoying habit fisherman lure boat striking muskie big daddy traits members family possess muskie exaggerated fish story fish certainly heavy weight champion fresh water fish records muskies feet weighing pounds king brute power cleverness stories muskellunge attacking swimmers rate fellow motored slowly seen splash steered boat occasionally put spool heavyweight line reel tackle box picked gaily painted large copper spoon lure
mother devoted child baby play piano sing putting piano bench sit busy crawled bench began pick mary lamb mother running kitchen saw piano thought fluke allowed play half asked play played godmother called foresight mother realized need read music lessons learned read music learned concert teacher arranged naturally caused big young mother decided care spoiled exploited explained situation unusual special child mother religious person taught talent loaned earth passing ability die passed torch olympics
luther gulick didn winter springfield massachusetts brought real problem remember cold gulick physical education students ymca training school couldn play football soccer outdoors games transferred gymnasium result battered windows battered knees elbows team sports school halt gulick young ideas solution problem gulick watched snow blow drifts idea began forming mind indoor game borrowing ideas popular outdoor games full enthusiasm called assistant james naismith suggested naismith try game assignment team games baseball football developed gradually period hundred soccer seventeen hundred evolve game today undaunted naismith set devise game naismith star games rugby lacrosse canada possessed solid understanding team sports took principles football soccer hockey altered suit indoor game games opposing teams try score getting ball puck defended goal
diagram model ocean shows ocean bottom high low places scientists found thing real ocean bottom high low places ocean bottom divided main parts part called continental shelf continental shelf starts part land live ends part continent covered water continental shelf shallowest part ocean average depth meters feet end continental shelf land plunges downward sharply part ocean bottom called continental slope ocean ft deep bottom continental slope think word slope describe occurs part ocean bottom called ocean floor begins continental slope ends ocean floor covers ocean bottom part ocean floor flat flat part called abyssal plain scientists thought ocean bottom smooth flat today huge chain mountains ocean bottom mountain chain called mid ocean ridge mid ocean ridge kilometers miles runs ocean earth look map ocean bottom
scientists think hot inside earth believed hot rock earth melt molten hot molten rock earth move earth surface giant crack mid ocean ridge molten rock breaks surface forms ocean floor sides crack ocean floor pushes sections floor scientists think floor sides crack moves scientists say ocean floor spreading crack scientists believe atlantic ocean getting wider cm continents europe north america moving idea sea floor spreading explains think happening pacific ocean atlantic ocean spreads land moves pacific ocean getting narrower pacific narrows ocean floor moves downward land borders ocean deep ocean valleys called trenches formed trenches deepest places ocean drawing shows trenches formed look map red lines show ocean trenches located ocean ocean trenches
finish lesson able tell ocean water moves direction explain winds sun movement water winds movement gulf stream current current water moves direction look map page direction gulf stream move reading book earth spinning don feel spinning movement slow spinning air earth move moving air creates wind wind moves ocean surface pushing water water moves wind blow equator winds move east west winds called trade winds look diagram bottom page find equator find red arrows show blowing trade winds winds blow equator move west east winds called westerlies find blue arrows show blowing westerlies trade winds westerlies blow push ocean water direction giant circling current results look diagram thick red arrows show circling currents thin blue arrows show winds currents find numbers show part current atlantic ocean called gulf stream
strings guitar rubber bands box makes sounds pitches thing determines pitch strings thicknesses thin strings high pitched sounds thick strings low pitched sounds thin strings vibrations greater frequency pitch vibrating string depends string length held part band free part band vibrate shortened band sound heard higher shortening string makes pitch higher think happens string longer look girl picture stringed instruments pegs end strings attached pegs turning pegs loosens tightens strings loosening string lowers pitch tightening string raises pitch pitch vibrating string depends loose tight string boy picture blowing air bottles air column bottle boy blows air column water air vibrates remember pitch rubber band changed shortened air column bottles shortened thing happens pitch higher bottle lowest pitch type instruments air column
scientist named lazzaro spallanzani wondered bats fly total darkness bump experimented found bat ears covered bat bumped things flew tell sound bat ability fly finish lesson able tell happens sound bounces object explain bat fly total darkness tell bouncing sounds prevented look picture boy playing ball wall happen ball hits wall sound bounces objects ball bounces wall say sound reflected boy picture aloud sound reflected wall sound reflected object echo heard echo heard standing ft reflecting object sound hit object reflected sound heard echo heard separate sound mix sounds sound reflected objects echoes heard lazzaro spallanzani watched bats fly heard flapping wings bats sounds fly sounds ultrasonic
bugs meany divided bugs spent half making mischief rest spent trying encyclopedia brown bugs resented encyclopedia outsmart longed knock boy detective colder paint icehouse floor flat bugs didn dare throw punch wasn encyclopedia father chief police sally kimball bugs dreamed ten girl scare happened sally caught bullying cub scout bugs laughed sally told pick size roared surprise sally dropped punch sally bugs threatened encyclopedia muscles sally boy detective partner bugs won live licking gave warned encyclopedia guard agreed sally dangerous spinning restaurant trying turn tables suppose thank encyclopedia troublemaking brings business reminds sally noon saw duke kelly bug tigers sneaking detective agency encyclopedia received telephone call boy called mike gaither asked meet lighthouse
night margie talked personal tape diary today tommy found real book book printed paper margie remembered grandfather saying grandfather talked real books printed paper margie tommy turned pages yellow crinkly comical read words stood moving book screen turned page words comical book screens moving words kind book waste tommy guess throw re reading book screen thousand books plenty throw margie seen lot book screens tommy older margie find book asked house book school margie surprised school write school margie trouble school mechanical teacher giving test test geography margie worse worse mother finally decided open teacher geography section crossed wire
heard milk dairy cows earn living milk rattlesnakes living certainly odd job fact odd dangerous course milk snake milk cow fact milk poison poison snake fangs treat snakebite medicine save lives bitten rattlesnakes rattlesnake handled carefully poison inside glands side upper jaw snake held tightly head turn bite milkers cover clear jar thin sheet rubber wearing heavy gloves hold snake head jar press jaws open fangs forward snake course angry frightened strikes closest thing jar fangs pierce thin rubber sheet poison released drips harmlessly jar rattlesnake milkers strong handle snakes safely able stay calm times rancher sound odd job met cattle sheep rancher met ladybug rancher
animals learn communicate minds ways minds differently learn language scientists doctors beatrice allen gardner asking questions answer gardners wanted teach baby chimp ameslan sign language deaf gardners worked university nevada washoe county nevada baby chimp arrived africa named washoe washoe age child gardners hoped compare washoe growth hearing children deaf children learning ameslan children grow homes objects learn toys pets books bottles blankets food flowers hear voices movements live bare cages baby brought bars grow slowly children speak talk say pharynx helps speak pharynx air space throat older children adults pharynx bends easily sound waves travel larynx voice box pharynx mouth mouth forms sounds words pharynx helps mold sound waves word sounds learn
snowed night paths silvanus dug road garbage cans garage covered schools closed unwelcome holiday simms silvanus missed school friends truth known relief change free sound teacher voice dotted crossed sprinkled commas semicolons simms deal wished helped parents sweeping kitchen sorted nails screws put separate boxes put jig saw puzzle read chapters swiss family robinson think warm climate nicer wasn snow roll lay bed stared window looped white organdy curtains saw glaring white patch beautiful wasn simms telegraph key trial runs letters punctuation marks practice decided ready words wasn easy slowly hello tapped simms hello thought start message
hello tapped fast hello chirped cricket things tapped simms things asked cricket simms thought tapped things lot thought answer think chirped cricket things simms able answer question minute ago saying answered slowly think asked important question chirped cricket yes added cricket creature tapped simms tapped slowly cricket chirp quickly language slowly match chirped cricket side house pleasant folk mouse family charming young mus children simms interested mice parents wild rat yes cricket rat big enormous asked simms mole spider large group ants house tapped simms creatures live house
leaving hickey standing kitchen phoebe nervously entered dining room walked general noticed empty chair missing asked question knew green house gun waiting general washington sitting window feared window open past phoebe looked anxiously sound shadow movement phoebe general washington exclaimed stopped chair june peas early season wasn sir replied phoebe looking past window hickey brought fresh today re favorite mine washington friend general gates thomas hickey want thank phoebe started put plate front general washington flash looking green hiding window shoot general person trying kill kitchen phoebe stood stone plate hands saw hickey thomas hickey laughing teasing bringing candy ribbons seed chickens bringing june peas general sprinkling poison thomas member general washington bodyguard
suddenly nathan ran door slid bar door open touch swiftly stairway room cords bed creaked loudly flung seconds later heard soldiers hall lower rooms lay thumping heart stairs creaked tread heavy boots soldiers floor room flashed tinderbox light showed boy sitting wide eyed bed blankets shoulders rebel rider hiding nathan swallowed hard remained silent tongue head boy answer dragoon caught hold threw floor searched bedroom hiding bruised shaken nathan rose downstairs planned flee nearby woods ran dragoon holding bridles half dozen horses wait bit lad soldier exclaimed voice sounded kindly wait bit say mean ye harm truth nathan hesitated tis cold night observed soldier blowing hands horses feel steam horses nostrils rose white sparkling moonlight
paul hand tony looked young boy sister high perch stool apple paul mrs stern gave delivered groceries ok tony remember rules business money customer re working half mine fifty fifty agreement ok ok paul answered reached sister hand don forget paul tony ernestine magazines look walked snowing ernestine wet hurry delivered tony snow shoveling business going tony watched hand hand took pencil checked names tablet kid hard find find tough boss thought heard shuffling feet stairs stevie reynolds took care tony dog walking service shuffling heavier firmer steps tony put money drawer closed drawer waited stevie door mrs reynolds stood moments glaring breathing heavily climbing flights stairs
walked open field dirt road climbed mountains chance stepped meteorite likely noticed meteorites glance look ordinary earth rock exactly meteorite meteorite body material fallen earth space shape stone large rock size meteorite small stone huge boulder earth formed millions meteorites landed surface lived earth hundreds meteorites seen falling ground ancient greeks recorded stone size chariot fell sky ancient peoples recorded meteorite events peoples romans egyptians chinese groups early meteorites weapons tools superstitions meteorites chinese buried meteorites shortly found crops ruined early peoples believed meteorites messengers gods easy tell difference meteorite earth rock
laura ingalls wilder sixty began write stories childhood prairie house books helped children adults alike understand american pioneer family charles caroline ingalls daughters nineteenth century pioneer family laura daughter born pepin wisconsin february soon laura born ingalls family set covered wagon route took wisconsin kansas minnesota home desmet dakota territory place ingalls family settled ate slept wagon till build house houses log cabins prairie trees wood scarce built house sod side hill formed wall walls built chunks earth sod bricks roof woven willow branches branches covered hay sod top ingallses hard working fun loving wits courage fight prairie fires blizzards disease family crops ruined heavy rains droughts laura remembered things wrote wrote times told love laughter hay rides pony races ma pa laura learned simple beauty prairie sunrise
laura child pioneers european backgrounds finding homes north america hard learn live land pioneers understand ways american indians found living story ma calls laura wild indian ma american indian neighbors live wilder settlers story laura family moving silver lake dakota territory stop visit aunt docia ma sister laura cousins lena jean drive laura asked wanted forget growing lena gave lines hold lines lena ponies instant ponies touched noses squealed hold laura hold lena screeched laura braced feet hung lines feel ponies didn mean harm running wanted run windy weather going wanted laura hung yelled yi yi yi yip ee forgotten basket clothes lena camp prairie whooping singing ponies running trotting running stopped shanties unhitch picket ponies found top layers clean washing buggy floor seats
creature picture monster unknown planet earthly creature lowly creature minds builder hard working trapper designer beautiful things skilled balloonist picture close space travelers spider spider shown times actual size marveled spider skill suited times move air wings humans fly members spider family traveling space spiders able float air feat due spider skill making silk spiders known silk spinning silk inside spider body called silk glands silk glands produce liquid silk hardens body glands produce sticky silk hundreds tiny tubes connect silk glands spinnerets spin silk spinnerets fingers hand order move air spider climbs top leaf tall blade grass spinnerets underside body spider turns spinnerets facing upward
wilbur liked charlotte campaign insects farm word say fly flies spent pestering cows hated horses detested sheep loathed mrs zuckerman complaining putting screens wilbur admired charlotte managed glad put victim sleep eating real thoughtful charlotte yes replied sweet musical voice give anaesthetic won feel pain service throw days wilbur grew grew ate big meals spent hours lying side half asleep dreaming pleasant dreams enjoyed health gained lot weight afternoon fern sitting stool oldest sheep walked barn stopped pay call wilbur hello re putting weight yes guess replied wilbur age idea gaining don envy sheep re fattening don wilbur don spread bad news sheep re fattening re going kill
wilbur backwards writhing twisting wilbur charlotte sleep templeton soap ad guess sure wilbur action exactly radiant interesting actually wilbur feel radiant charlotte looking affection re pig radiant thing pretty deep limit tired romp wilbur lay clean straw closed eyes straw scratchy comfortable cow manure delightfully soft lie pushed straw side stretched manure wilbur sighed busy terrific dozens visited yard afternoon stand pose looking terrific tired fern arrived seated quietly stool corner tell story charlotte wilbur lay waiting sleep tell story charlotte tired wilbur wanted began beautiful cousin managed build web small stream tiny fish leaped air tangled web cousin surprised course
matt ben lived farm country stay aunt mary uncle jack city days morning early looked window bright clear ben nice city tall building aunt mary called kitchen boys ready eat wonderful city top building weather clear able miles eating aunt mary ben matt took bus tallest building downtown stories gee matt building high hits sky aunt mary laughed matt call building tall skyscraper aunt mary led boys steps building elevator top stepped huge elevator aunt mary pressed buttons elevator door closed elevator higher faster boys funny feeling ears looked elevator smiled saw boys surprised faces
boys uncle jack morning today going asked matt bank uncle jack job ben asked taking care money uncle nice job bank matt drove downtown uncle jack car bank tall white building boys saw big truck parked front door truck asked matt money uncle jack truck taking money branch bank part city money bags carrying ben matt uncle jack walked bank uncle jack showed teller cage worked let stand watch gave money window gave money uncle jack wow seen money matt mine uncle bank takes care want uncle jack took boys bank vault vault huge door feet thick ben asked boxes wall uncle jack put things don want lost boxes
saturday raining uncle jack took car garage fixed won car days matt ben aunt mary restaurant dinner tonight matt don car bus ben wet waiting bus matt raining hard uncle jack smiled restaurant won wet ground ben matt surprised ground asked subway uncle subway underground train dark left restaurant raining hard walked close umbrellas subway station block home subway station uncle jack small window gave money banker ben asked money window looks uncle jack uncle jack takes money tokens fit turnstiles wants ride subway buy token turnstile station boys aunt mary
bumpy yard play thought find mother care saw proud hen family chicks walking line parade mother bumpy ran hen chickens hen chicks sped bumpy ran faster catch mother running look unhappy mother hen saw bumpy running babies afraid hurt baby chickens jumped bumpy bumpy stopped running mother barked proud mother hen heard bow wow wow angry bumpy leave babies wanted tell bumpy turned guess wasn mother bumpy sat ground looked bumpy saw mother pig walking babies real mother began follow pig family mother pig saw coming thought going hurt babies mother pig marched bumpy mother bumpy barked mother pig heard bow wow babies wanted say bumpy bumpy turned felt sad
ben matt ran house farm bumpy hello called boy standing fence boy smiled saw bumpy jumped fence roberto boy top fence father helping father farm roberto watched bumpy carefully dog bite asked bumpy bite ben matt look bumpy wants roberto roberto shook head stayed fence bumpy home ben matt roberto friends worked farm garden help fathers fields fun working playing roberto friends bumpy working playing bumpy ben matt spoke father wait father someday roberto friends bumpy roberto father sick boy offered feed pigs pig field basket corn called pig pig pig big mother pig running pigs seen roberto walked field looking pigs stopped thought hole fence pigs pig field
morning matt thought heard noise sat listened bumpy barking ben matt boys looked window saw bumpy standing trap barking loudly father bedroom robber bumpy barking trap asked ben excitedly yes let father talk bumpy garden father called bumpy dog ran father talked bumpy stopped barking trap door closed box ben trap matt tell caught robber box father rolled big ball hiding corner box let stay morning robber face face asked ben yes father afraid likes closed inside box bumpy barking frightened bumpy father house tonight don want afraid soon boys bed
lupe talk father pony daddy pony afraid lupe runs hurt pony kind runs idea alice horse field maybe red pony needs friend hope friend red pony looked surprise saw girl coming field red pony looked horse lupe wondered wanted lupe left white horse red pony ran house waited red pony watched white horse walked slowly horse rubbed nose neck red pony afraid red pony white horse left field horses stood beautiful red pony rubbed nose horse neck ran called running horses stayed field night morning girl dashed field carrying hands called white horse called red pony stood watched
early morning lupe father called wants talk telephone lupe picked telephone hello lupe speaking hello lupe girl found red pony asked yes pony let ride ride thank wanted pony call soon getting pony lupe ran outdoors tell father pony think fair father red pony ride lupe stood fence watched horses standing side side lupe put hand alice nose walked red pony put hand nose red pony run wasn afraid anymore lupe climbed alice let field rode alice big barn red pony walked field lupe sat alice talked horses stepped alice climbed red pony
mike looked lupe smiled eat peanuts lupe laughed left bag playing trick let peanuts put lupe front steps jack hide takes don home peanuts lupe house put ten front steps boys girls watched waited quiet mice brown black white animal looked corner house creeping steps put peanut mouth animal took finished filling mouth peanuts looked silly children laugh heard laughter quickly ran robber laughed lupe let going children ran fast animal ran faster big rocks jack place animal lives let peanuts hungry don children put peanuts front rocks animal mike put rocks children hide
pilot voice loud speaker told soon land hoped flight plane started began climb pilot voice control tower says airport crowded planes want land circle turn plane circled airport times flew clouds clouds look cotton candy don asked nancy plane flew lower jack terminal cars look toys pressed window tried uncle jim looked alike plane bumpy nancy jack thought fun roller coaster nancy goes plane jack soon turn pilot voice sure seat belts fastened ready land thank flying nice hope fly stewardess stopped twins left plane pair silver wings passengers jack junior pilot nancy junior stewardess uncle jim waiting plane hello smiled uncle jim gave hug
jack nancy ranch birthday early morning birthday big breakfast uncle jim aunt sue twins ready ranch uncle jim took corral sat fence watched cowboys catch horses uncle jim roped black horse jack blackie cowpony jack uncle jim caught gray horse nancy brought gray horse corral horse put head nancy hand lucky cowpony nancy uncle jim thank uncle jim nancy lucky funny horse yes named lucky think lucky horse uncle jim jack nancy quickly climbed blackie lucky uncle jim big black white horse rode corral tell lucky nancy uncle jim laughed want don don ask things learn nancy asked re nancy answered tell lucky uncle jim told story gray pony young full fun times mother angry played
jack cowboys nancy rode returned ranch house help aunt sue going cattle big field side hill uncle jim jack help ride ahead follow cattle jack rode ahead cowboys tried cattle enjoyed kind ranch felt real cowboy jack rode top hill stopped blackie looked side saw coming hill jack saw turn blackie ride quickly jack rode uncle jim indians indians cried run hide indians coming indians let uncle uncle jim rode top hill look going wrong jack called indians saw side hill catch hurry jack miss uncle jim jack quickly uncle indians saw uncle jim jack pulled horses wait hello red feather uncle jim today fine thanks jim red feather asked city fair
ago faraway land lycia lived strange mighty beasts wicked animal called chimera part dragon lion part dragon wicked fire mouth fire killed miles chimera home plants trees cattle chimera wicked animal left home killed nearly path lycia afraid chimera asked king kill wicked beast king tried hard help brave strong soldiers chimera home soldiers fighting chimera black dark part lycia chimera lived rest land farms forests streams clear water streams strange mighty animal lycia lived animal wicked pegasus strange winged horse mighty belonged gods wide beautiful horse loved pegasus fly sky warm sun white feathers wings look silver
things anansi spider lazy enjoy bit thing anansi clever mighty clever spider clever playing tricks tricks lion meow mouse roar tricks butterfly bite anansi liked play tricks tiger tiger turn spider tricks anansi neighbors began planting fields working hard digging planting watering anansi sleeping big banana tree soon tiger looking sad anansi slid tree spider voice morning tiger goes tiger sounded sad looked anansi find corn seed plant field dear bad luck spider thought trick tell tiger happen seed give plant spider tiger joy kind thank took bag spider gave looked anansi bag seed pebbles spider laughed look pebbles tiger spider softly ear pebbles grow chickens
tiger happy chickens flock days spider running tiger house big fat chickens gave tiger pebbles growing crop chickens tiger happily added chickens flock spider chickens giving tiger ran home laughing played trick played tiger happened tiger sense spider knew days tiger chicken flock wasn bigger spider giving half crop sat thinking busy put tall stick house put pumpkin top shirt pumpkin covered shirt sticky sap tree tiger sleep feeling clever spider night dark anansi run home chickens tiger chicken house saw called anansi tiger farm say word teach talk spider
christopher columbus younger brother sorting pieces wool tangled boys worked father wool shop street weavers genoa italy lived hundred ago sea watch ships father asked christopher christopher father saw red headed son tired sitting christopher hard boy eleven father nodded don stay warned bartholomew christopher brother boys hurried narrow streets soon place look water ships sea genoa important seaport ships sailing sailing beautiful ship wind sails christopher boys ran group italian sailors dock tell strange places begged bartholomew wonderful place india sailors answered silks spices india rich sail bring sell genoa christopher eyes grew wide sail india asked
captain henry hudson son john hurried streets amsterdam netherlands march sun shone brightly lively wind blew sea hudson eager look eyes took deep breath spring air smell fresh ground dug flower beds wonderful salt water smell ocean walk faster boy son ship half moon ready sail wait captain cabin boy young john hudson liked cabin boy father trips helped cooking swept decks free played ship cat cats supposed wise animals danger trip find route asia john father henry hudson answered henry hudson famous sailor explorer england exploring trips english businessmen trips sailed north coast europe eastward trying find sea route china india succeeded netherlands hired try hundred earlier columbus sailed westward looking sea route east
sailing west weeks shouldn land soon robert de la asked sailor eagerly young board french ship sailing yes soon sailor answered think living yes robert suppose france unknown explore ship sight land sailed wide river called st lawrence robert saw waterfalls tumbling high cliffs river green trees grew water edge saw indians paddling canoes shores robert arrived france canada fifty hudson explored dutch french explorers busy french settled canada robert brother canada earlier priest town montreal robert reached montreal brother land west montreal brother promise clear settlement land robert de la part st lawrence river water flows swiftly country wild
sunset quiet english village boy eleven sitting bedroom window watched light fade sun heard bells chime hour evening prayers boy young william penn thirty mayflower sailed william father admiral english navy admiral penn won medals victories sea young william admired father mind question repeating fight kill wondered settle affairs william knew father expected officer navy grew battles fight william thought problem young mind rested head arms fell asleep wakened suddenly strange thing happened worry unanswered question disappeared place felt peace bright warm light filled small bedroom saw strange heard sound voice deep heart speak lord william voice say strange warm brightness disappeared william penn carefree schoolboy hungry supper
red haired boy reading book father library notice noise heard shout workers running nearby field master jefferson tom jumped chair called mother ran meet father pride shone eyes looked riding returning meeting house burgesses williamsburg house burgesses laws colony virginia tom recognized burgess nearby county hoped spend night travelling home reached house tom asked questions mother laughed threw hands yes tom jefferson rumors heard true war broken forks ohio river remember governor virginia george washington build fort protect land french french larger army washington defeated governor british troops help mrs jefferson sighed mean friends virginia army join english soldiers fighting french asked burgess answered ready defend
thomas jefferson graduated william mary important things happened britain needed money pay war french british king parliament colonies pay taxes colonists felt britain tax colonists tax passed trouble britain colonies british soldiers colonies obey tax laws parliament finally fighting broke british soldiers colonists virginia massachusetts members continental congress decide asked going rights going allow british rights believe decide taxes pay share government britain trying rights british soldiers telling ready independent country break britain thomas jefferson benjamin franklin george washington leaders british parliament british king refuse rights free britain independent country fight dangerous words
weeks daniel boone friends started kentucky riding north california started loreto mexican town southern part lower california hundreds miles america boone home yadkin valley leader short dark eyed spanish priest named father serra soldiers mule driver priest night starting journey north jogged gray burro prayed lame leg troublesome father serra sore left leg heal father serra soldiers mule driver talked king spain want start settlement north grumbled soldiers hundred miles harbor san diego won soldier lives indians ships sailed loreto san diego arrive mule driver true agreed soldier cheerfully catch rest party soon ahead road
sam twenty war command general andrew jackson sam cherokee friends fought enemy fierce tribe indians called creeks sam mother handed father gun fight son gun disgrace army attacking creek indian camp sam fighting fiercely suddenly arrow shot deep legs pull arrow sam commanded attacking badly wounded houston rear army general jackson sam refused stop fighting led attack creeks gunshots stopped young hero bullets hit sam shoulder carried field months recovered wounds arm crippled rest general jackson pleased courage sam houston lame arm sam houston leader general important job sam job cherokee indians cherokees signed treaty promised move tennessee west indians objecting sam task give homes move
spring small town york battle san jacinto dr marcus whitman sitting quietly reading newspaper suddenly jumped began walking room article paper filled excitement article told strange indians st louis missouri indians place called oregon marcus knew oregon side rocky mountains newspaper indians learn religion white cross rocky mountains marcus thought excitement wonderful teach religion indians doctor help sick hurt marcus knew church missionaries teach parts wrote letter church leaders charge missionary start mission oregon wrote missionary board surely indians teach sick help missionary board decided appoint marcus missionary soon started trip west crossed rocky mountains talked indians starting mission oregon
frederick promised free educated speak freedom live promises hard struggle grew manhood hired farm overseer brutal named covey habit beating slaves harder covey frederick humble beat young slave stand longer turned overseer took rope gave overseer beating covey try beat frederick frederick discontented baltimore free negroes churches societies frederick belong slave slave resolved going run free free slave failures adventures managed city york lonely afraid caught found friends helped runaway slaves free choose friends told friends reading exciting story poem called lady lake
sir borrow history book library young horace mann asked eagerly head public library franklin massachusetts looked boy yes answered afraid soon read history book read horace horace mann father pleased saw boy brought home book read benjamin franklin thing town gave public library franklin happen give asked horace town named yes answered mann franklin decided give gift town planned give bell church steeple think library gift horace franklin father replied bells sound books sense gave library glad decided give books horace opened history book started read horace mann books family money horace spend working farm able school boy loved weeks school
beautiful green fields farmhouse clara barton lived oxford massachusetts spring fields rang laughter clara riding bareback galloping horse children laughing watched girl holding horse mane hands don afraid eighteen david barton called re galloped horse snatched hold horse bridle clara managed smile brother held tightly tried afraid horses finally stopped david lifted clara gave hug brave sister call fraidy cat children watching afraid school tears clara eyes hung head frightened school shy afraid children teacher mind clara david look pride read plenty home teach need true clara parents brothers sisters older loved especially fond david clara bartons tried send boarding school shy afraid small school home
soldiers indians stealing horses night stop setting fire wooden railroad ties indians pull stakes set mark route grenville dodge discouraged mark put stakes commanded times indians frightened workers group railroad ahead indians hidden trees launched surprise attack captured workers held word dodge engineers workmen help shouted dodge quickly indians surrounded union pacific rescued dodge things worry indians flood washed miles railroad build ordered eye dodge worked build union pacific central pacific california reached point hundred miles choose place railroads meet dodge race company tracks meeting place engineers companies agreed meet place called promontory utah railroads closer race exciting win dodge urged
ford motor company henry ford idea idea helped bring united states building fords house built henry workmen collect parts car fit parts hard thousand parts ford car easier build cars henry thought idea move cars built line workmen move cars slowly past line fasten part car moves past quickly easily method working called assembly line henry ford able build cars sell money began buy ford cars soon factories united states assembly lines cars things things quickly sold lower prices buy women factories hard earn money fords sold henry grew rich
wilbur orville started experiments building big kite shape glider flew kite talked ways balanced air discovered moving wing tips backward forward helped balance kite discovery led development modern airplane testing kite brothers built glider place fly need place wind hold glider wilbur write weather bureau washington ask advice steady wind kitty hawk weather bureau sandy beach coast north carolina summer wright brothers kitty hawk try glider flew glider kite acted wind tried riding brothers lie glider top hill waited wind brother helper pulled glider hill wind lifted air tried wright brothers built gliders tried summers learned glider air twenty seconds
noise laughter stopped sound crunching popcorn moved seat quiet lights grew dim spotlight shone dressed red moved edge seats ladies gentlemen children ages act center ring spoke place lit bright colored lights sounds tigers horses beat drum grew louder boys girls jumped feet shouts joy line giant elephants crowd cheered riding elephant handsome young lights bounced gold green suit waved smiled crowd boy shouted greatest circus star boy elephant highest paid star ringling brothers barnum bailey circus gunther williams led animals center ring spoke softly nellie kongo bengal bengal pound tiger nellie kongo star elephants crowd waited act begin gunther trick times
producer surprise young folk singer buffy sainte marie fighter believed proud american indian early buffy called television studio producer wanted show show called virginian producer buffy want show role star want part young girl stood black hair fell shoulders spoke part thing want real actors indians real show won leave producer thought minute looked girl dark face smile kidding buffy win real indians buffy part helped write story buffy brought television helped history saw indian true light fight small victory start buffy knew buffy wanted change image indian real need change bad guy savage killed scalped
hours young woman brought gently put bed operation nurses quickly patient needles tube throat nurses fixed pillow doctor watched looked woman bed wondered stopped cancer looked corner room face grew sad shook head wall set golf clubs belonged mildred didrikson zaharias friends called babe babe golfer babe brave vow operation leave clubs coming golf course play thought operation walk play golf clubs days babe lay bed move deep sleep spoke sleep spoke golf times thoughts childhood babe childhood full joy parents loves loved children loved america babe parents norway settled port arthur texas strange
family began climb stairs tenement mother stopped looked winding staircase tired knees hurt scrubbing floors hoped difference hope spray bought works cousy looked wife smiled dear halfway fourth flight stopped rested minute put food wondered yes sure reached floor opened door apartment young bob put lights mother cried saw hoped ran table moved walls crawled floor hid cracks pipes roaches hundreds mrs cousy cried rid things held son tightly tears eyes mrs cousy york roaches rats bed bugs part france thought maybe stayed farm thought minute knew wrong
boys lined baseball glove ready today big wichita kansas tryouts today league team picked eighteen boys chosen john caldwell coach yelled boy ran field waited base knew chance coach picked bat hit ball john quickly picked threw john coach stand coach looked list names jim ryun yelled jim ryun re answered boy field coach yelled jim ryun young boy pushed foreward silly boy hear coach calling young jim field hoped coach angry hear slightly deaf jim took position waited ball hit jim picked ball threw reach base fact bounced times hit bag sorry son coach maybe stronger jim put head walked field jim disappointments sport sick weak
parking lot full continued soon seat stadium packed football game start announcer asked quiet called player brought cheers brought cheers stood heard hungarian american star quarterback overpaid flop yelled cry baby stick television turn yeah answered quarterback football worth penny girl crowd stood looked don football sure handsome movie finish players took positions field game began moment talk forgotten start interesting exciting joe namath joe known millions real superstar known field football player star york jets show business television shows starred movies makes joe colorful person key joe success
waited eyes began story ago terrible thing happened haleakala volcano woke angered goddess pele brought sorrow death village pele threw rocks fire sky turned red filled tongues fire bottom earth burning river beauty burnt children trembled moved closer afraid story real feel heat flames volcano continued story maui afraid priests told pele wanted sacrifice threw fruits animals crater angrier priests told prettiest girl island found dressed beautiful clothes led volcano priest raised arms pray young girl brought closer edge flames grew brighter higher priest pushed girl volcano pele happy stopped fire village saved haleakala quiet child frightened story fact angry priests wrong thought
happy sound filled muddy street pinsk russia smiled heard happy forget troubles liked watch children play happy trouble laughter hide dirt disease suffering worries suddenly shouted children street quick run hide cossacks coming cossacks feared jews horsemen cruel killers jew safe rode streets found street meant trouble jews beaten whipped stabbed ran looked place hide inside homes doors locked windows bolted noisy street grew quiet crowds children street rushed run girl fell lay mud girl prayed hoped killed sound hoofs grew louder horses rushing muddy street chunks mud flew air horses hoofs death crashed ground screamed hear horses jumped riders stopped cossacks played game moved girl head tried closest laughed played
library crowded spoke busily working students wrote notebooks looked books shelves wall sign written russian read silence girls busy books front wrote page page stopped seventeen closed book took deep breath lot homework thought glad finished relax svetlana seat felt move walked magazine section magazines parts svetlana liked looking nice lived fun looking fashions svetlana read russian magazines liked foreign gave chance practice languages svetlana knew languages speak russian german english languages later svetlana took magazine america seat girl quiet turned pages stopped shriek students looked yelled don believe magazine told mother death story knew story spoke suicide
monday june place studio york city woman rode elevator reached sixth floor entered studio factory called andy warhol woman unknown actress factory andy created famous pop art produced factory strange place real unreal walls mirrors covered silver foil room appeared larger studio filled common things things sees giant rolls paper hung ceiling big bright flowers printed giant coke bottles stood corner hundreds wooden boxes piled center room brightly colored familiar box letters spelled word brillo wall moving belt boxes soon andy works art andy inspected dyes checked colors silk screen working actress sat rested watched began paint boxes working telephone rang andy answer andy talked actress moved center room
peaceful school protecting spirit girls classes busily studying sun slowly going light covered hills nanchang china hit roof school turned golden yellow instant grew dark sun disappeared fifty girls school ended girls left classes walked returned rooms quiet misleading peaceful evil planned small group girls began gather met main building nasty mood leader spoke teacher think orders show principal don want teacher wicked smile girl face things hard girls move mealtime ringleader stood waited eyes picked bowl rice going eat slop yelled threw bowl floor girl eyes looked straight teacher walked going leader yelled rest girls waited watched happen
maria georg trapp smiled sat evening meal children ate quickly parents knew march special agatha birthday brothers sisters wait excited wanted begin party wanted give presents family finished eating ready living room presents cake waiting children trapp look happening family beautiful evening sun going rays sunlight brought color hills changed turned reddish gray spring flowers began close peaceful georg put arm maria smiled god inside stopped sound listened sounded church bells ringing bells grew louder afar city salzburg family looked puzzled happening happy event caused ringing bells inside trapp telephone tried find happening lines busy father children put radio family gathered radio
lights large hall grew dim london crowd grew quiet waited ballet begin conductor entered round applause walked place orchestra raised arms pointed violin section quiet music filled air big gold curtain rose silently eyes stage watched star ballerina melissa hayden white spotlight shone wore purple green costume perfect danced danced melissa float air music crowd pleased applauded move turned jumped perfect form ballet melissa happy hard paid credit deserved happened melissa fell ground graceful ballerina hurt crowd watched silence large gold curtain melissa lay floor move knocked shouted room give air dancers leaned began breathe melissa mouth star awoke eyes slowly opened melissa fall worker clumsiness floor mopped
sun moved overhead ripples hot air rose road sound metal wood chopping sound clearing road dead trees worked hard swing ax tempers grew shorter sweat poured bodies muscles hurt stopped digging poked look comes bum stopped working looked road haired blond youth appeared wore sandals dungarees carried pack shoulder grew nearer began shout haired freak job erik erikson walking stop try talk knew useless understand happened happened erik black forest germany alps happening italy shouts language hatred accept hair clothes angered thought wander erik confused things bothered adult frightened adult meant accepting meant
look woman screamed watch boy head stop kill street stood watched frozen big coal truck coming rumbling pittsburgh street driver looked son moment ago sitting woman words mind hit flash son woman screaming son fallen truck driver moved quickly pressed foot brake loud screeching sound big truck quick stop father ran truck looked son saw son ground wheel truck inch head truck stopped johnny unitas alive killed johnny close death times lost leg bullet ripped bullet shotgun older hurt happened junior high school friend playing gun bullet john finger johnny felt lot thankful church feel
jason galloway told crazy boy eleven idea crazy money tree hundred money grow tree pointing direction telling special happen begun jason sat bed frowning evidence crumpled fortune fortune cookie read efforts soon bear fruit gifts grandpa left ivory ball gold pocket watch ten dollar bill present clear mind important clues dream night rainbow late afternoon pointing conclusion happen magic jason smart boy didn believe bit magic words going mind money tree grandpa died left box gifts inside jason trying find meaning understood grandpa left ivory ball balls inside ago grandpa told balls carved piece ivory jason questioned grandpa ball proof watch special
rest family ran backyard flowerpot ready turn bill saw peeking green gray curled leaf corn plant wasn corn jason bent close looked small sprout marked edge felt finger felt tough strong paper fact felt kind paper called money happen jason told sprout real grass beneath feet jason sat looked tiny sprout blinked eyes pinched hard arm knew wasn dreaming wrong money grow trees wrong thought jason didn laugh ben franklin didn fun columbus jason galloway knew money trees jason stop running flowerpot show family knew secret jason bent sprout thought heard say real try show dry disappear
met door tv thompson father max typical meet family took tv typical living room typical house typicals waiting meet father let tell grease grease yes say drain stopped glop pour grease drain rid glop hello sally typical mother look tired makes think tired car mean dirty plugs don rid dirty plugs put set put car max typical don let wash shirt found soap dirt leaves colors bright brother sister act full wig wig send girls stop tv shouted don commercials kind father mother real leave asked max typical thought tv hoping hear heard click
don believe real story bob magic cart wasn dream happened began brother bob mom let build cart bob took motor power mower put cart sure took lot ran wasn told bob paint mugli walked block bob worked cart mugli coming happy bob drove motor power mower worked super say cart paint mugli bob bob bought green paint helped paint cart put rug seat floor rug cart special cart remembered rug thing needed mom needed cleaned cleaned spots bob nails fix rug cart
europe began explore parts explorer christopher columbus sailed atlantic ocean discovered islands continents north america south america lay islands columbus returned europe told wonderful stories riches lands european explorers ocean parts north south america places found gold silver found fish forests land farms grasslands cattle ranches americas indians eskimos indians lived parts continents eskimos lived north explorers europe claimed lands discovered countries gradually spain portugal france netherlands england owners large parts countries ocean live lands settlements european countries called colonies english colonies located atlantic coast north america living fishing farming trading english colonies colonies countries netherlands sweden established colonies coast york jersey ownership parts north america changed hands times
visit nelsons drive winding highway bridge curve hill lies farm notice large white house neat yard shade trees colorful flower beds farmyard big barns tall silos low sheds chicken house corncribs garage repair shop buildings built barns windows let light air loft upper part barn holds tons baled hay silos look fat towers holds silage chopped cornstalks holds silage chopped green hay crops silage makes moist nourishing feed farm animals nelson farm animals cows give milk crops grown feed nelsons operate dairy farm late afternoon cows begin amble barnyard pasture seventy cows farm look alike spotted black white holsteins karen nelson ten knows favorite cows herd lady daisy bess buttercup duchess prize winning cow named juanita cows gather loafing shed cows move loafing shed milking parlor cleaned milked machine
fifty rivers transportation boats big barges pushed powerful diesel towboats took place steamboats paddle wheels barges today carry heavy bulky products coal grain gasoline dollars spent rivers dams built ohio river upper mississippi river holding water river level low dams water feet deep channels locks boats bypass dams addition large dams built upper missouri tributaries control river map page locate gavin point fort randall oahe garrison fort peck dams dams hold water lakes called reservoirs water stored prevent floods permitted run downstream river low today river cities manufacturing centers trade centers serve large farming areas flour mills feed mills meat packing plants industries prepare farm products located cities factories machines clothing furniture live farms cities towns early settlements ohio river grew city cincinnati settlement located river bend north
outdoor pleasant climate attracts california plan picnic game tennis summer worrying called rain enjoy game golf swim seasons homes southern california built patios swimming pools families charcoal grills cook outdoors addition climate area attractions outdoor coast miles sandy beaches cool ocean water swimming water skiing skin diving sunbathing east high mountains coast ranges offer kinds recreation including skiing winter sports attractions provided nature golf courses tennis courts numerous addition amusement parks disneyland popular events tournament roses climate scenery coastal southern california important play leading kinds business industry closely related vacation business vacation business southern california largest industries recent million tourists visited area spent million hotel motel rooms meals gasoline clothes things large industries develop southern california making motion pictures
central valley pacific ocean hills mountain ranges small valleys find small valleys coast ranges map valleys rain central valley breezes ocean cooler summer variety products rich farmlands valleys valley specialty salinas valley famous lettuce beautiful santa clara valley produces kinds fruits nuts especially famous prunes truckloads prunes peaches apricots fruits santa clara orchards canneries frozen food plants dried fruit packing houses drying fruits required days sunshine today drying takes place artificially food processing important industry santa clara valley kinds industries san jose cities towns valley industries include manufacturing cement aluminum foil electric motors data processing cards computers addition automobiles assembled missiles manufactured increase manufacturing greatly changed santa clara valley decade san jose doubled population cities valley grew rapidly towns sprang landscape valley changed
anchorage largest city alaska hotels office buildings large department stores apartment buildings theaters date schools hospitals march severe earthquake seriously damaged city anchorage immediately rebuild anchorage trade transportation center grown densely populated part nearby large military bases government military activities brought thousands area addition anchorage serves engaged farming fishing mining anchorage international airport planes connecting anchorage parts north america parts alaska railroad runs inland fairbanks highway connects city alaska highway roads interior north anchorage lies finest farming valleys alaska called matanuska valley matanuska farmers known fine cabbages potatoes strawberries growing season months days longer days warm summer sun days helps plants grow fast matanuska farmers dairy farms cows graze outdoors months winter barns fed oats hay
order understand manufacturing trade important atlantic coast look past factories cities trade routes suddenly scene developed period played part growth colonists shores north america chose places harbors settlements needed safe anchoring places ships bringing supplies letters home excellent harbors northeastern coast north america shoreline uneven look map pages run finger shoreline places find peninsulas extending ocean peninsulas deep bays broad river mouths thousands large small islands dot sea coast islands peninsulas protect bays winds waves colonists needed supply drinking water settling place looked stream fresh water clear cold spring sources water colonists dig wells colonists think food meant find land farmed produce food addition needed wool flax leather clothing settlers coast england found land hilly stony
revolutionary war united states choose place capital nation congress meeting number cities including philadelphia permanent place national government needed congress arguments place deserved honor capital place located purpose finally decided capital district belonged united states government land selected tract potomac river tract known district columbia capital city named president united states george washington americans living close atlantic coast potomac river location chosen capital central place living north south location advantage point potomac river reached small oceangoing ships miles washington river flows swiftly gorge rapids falls potomac navigable washington valley forms hills mountains lie west location disadvantages part land swampy covered pools water tall grasses
hills mountains appalachians towns cities owe locations presence resources minerals forests moved places order resources towns cities manufacturing centers government centers towns cities began settlements main routes travel traveled automobile appalachian area stayed main routes pass towns cities left main highways climbed valleys hills find woods farms small villages suppose automobile trip york city rochester york took highways numbered follow famous route hudson lowland mohawk valley travel twenty miles passing small town route need worry find things need buy needed gasoline find service station miles wanted ice cream cone find place buy witnin minutes tired decided wanted stay overnight find motels motor inns located highway
imagine airplane flying northward wichita kansas canadian arctic thousand miles fly farmlands country canada reach city winnipeg manitoba plane flies northward winnipeg soon leaves farmlands winnipeg northern forest begins fly hundred miles dense forest lakes rivers sparkle sun forest gradually begins thinner patches trees ground covered low plants trees count minutes later trees treeline find treeless arctic plain called tundra tundra stretches northward thousand miles flying tundra summer land green small lakes streams weave silver pattern treeless plain plane lands find land green covered low plants grow close ground mosses tough grasses shrubs beautiful flowering plants spread earth notice mosquitoes humming stay tundra summer protect clouds insects wear clothing covers arms legs nets heads gloves hands
southward mainland united states lie latin american countries nearest mexico south border notice things strange hear speaking spanish english eat foods tasted pay pesos centavos dollars cents mexico dark haired dark eyed live border states things doubt heard spanish language mexicans migrated southern united states live towns border eaten mexican food commonly served restaurants towns side border step stores mexico latin american country things country familiar things radios typewriters sewing machines electric refrigerators marked known names manufacturing companies united states ready say latin america certainly depends united states lot things latin american answer yes bananas sugar coffee chocolate mahogany latin american countries send don depend lot things countries depend things
pampa bedrock covered thick layer soil interested learning geographers explain presence rich topsoil ago westerly winds picked loose rock materials mountain streams laid foot andes material sand heavy blown dropped western edge pampa millions tons finer dustlike materials carried distances spread pampa need original plant cover order understand soil early spanish settlers entered pampa saw grass grass eye reach tall grass white plumes rippled breeze examine vegetation map page map shows kinds plants grew wild began change landscape find vegetation map easy read study key grasslands trees shown grasslands scattered trees shown look map find kind vegetation covered pampa planted tame grass grain notice brown west south pampa brown stands scrub vegetation ground closely covered plants scrubby bushes stunted trees clumps coarse grass
discovery petroleum caribbean america fully exciting discovery iron ore happened earlier greatest petroleum fields found shores famous lake maracaibo find lake map pages shores lake maracaibo chiefly swampy tangles shrubs trees vines mosquitoes buzzed clearings sugarcane cacao growing shallow waters shore villages indian fishermen lived indians lived edge lake noticed black oil scum lake complained oil drifted fishing grounds ruined fishing city lake maracaibo chiefly negro indian city paved streets sewers modern buildings north american british oil companies lookout sources supply interested reports oil region permission borings obtained venezuelan government rich strike oil boom study picture top opposite page things look today forest steel derricks stands east side lake derricks shore shallow water deep water wells drilled feet rock beneath lake
let drive laredo texas south pan american highway streets laredo scores united states automobiles passengers preparing cross mexico office set government tourists fill papers travel permits bank change united states dollars mexican pesos centavos peso mexican dollar centavo mexican cent bank receive twelve pesos dollars rate exchange ago dollar brought pesos eating lunch cross international bridge rio grande mexican immigration station show travel permits officials clock july starting mile journey mexico city miles miles straight paved road stretch ahead side kind dry pasture saw hour texas kinds tall feathery mesquite bush red fruited cactus line road scenery changed language money houses drive past neat village adobe homes villages tidy barefoot children stop play moment glance women dressed white blouses wide dark skirts
northern half mexico supports small fraction population country northern region fewer ten square mile sparsely populated region crowded central plateau average density square mile northern mexico semiarid country desert places rain mountains coastal plain gulf mexico traveler crossing northern highland meets passes cities water minerals precious resources dry country found sufficient water supply small farming districts minerals discovered mining towns grown north range grazing land cattle country days spanish conquerors cattle western hemisphere brought europe spanish settlers animals accustomed semiarid pastures central spain short grass bushes northern plateau cattle spread northward rio grande spanish noblemen obtained land grants giant size acres grants size large scale cattle ranchers
book picture moving lying table scientists say book rest suppose betty pushes book move won push pull called force think happen john pushes book amount force betty opposite direction book move betty force balanced john force book remain rest object moves unbalanced force acts students happens increase force forces longer balanced book move students suddenly stops pushing book move cases book move direction stronger force pushing ago scientist named isaac newton studied motion conclusions object rest remain rest unbalanced force acts object moving steady speed straight line moving unbalanced force acts ideas called newton law motion science law describes things behave newton law motion called law inertia inertia tendency objects resist motion
picture skateboard rider special flash picture light quickly flashed times ride flashed amount passed tell motion changed ride slope finish lesson able tell word distance object travels amount tell word describes fast direction object moves tell word describes change object rate direction motion want fast objects moving re running race riding car want takes re going distance object travels amount object speed racing bicycle dial meter handlebars measures speed meter called speedometer cars planes speedometers speedometer shows bicycle traveling speed kilometers miles hour bike traveled hour speed cover distance kilometers miles figure fast moved speedometer kilometers miles hour clue simply divide object traveled kilometers took travel hours
skydiver falling pulled force force called gravity gravity pulls things earth gravity pulls things center earth feel effects earth gravity chairs desks pencils books classroom stay put force gravity gravity things float room ball thrown upward falls ground pulled gravity book slips hand falls gravity isaac newton studied motion realized earth object universe pulled things center found things exert pulling forces grain sand star person pulls object force gravity discovered amount pull objects depends masses distance massive closer objects greater pull let means earth deal mass pulls deal force force earth gravity greater car person car greater mass earth pulls car force car heavier
knowing minerals rock clue rock identity trying identify igneous sedimentary metamorphic rocks additional clues needed let find clues igneous rocks identified position minerals minerals fit pieces jigsaw puzzle specific igneous rocks identified minerals granite minerals quartz feldspar mica igneous rocks identified size crystals granite rhyolite igneous rocks mineral granite large crystals rhyolite small crystals lesson unit learned sedimentary rocks composed sized pieces rocks cemented sized particles sedimentary rocks easy identify sized particles minerals sedimentary rocks fit pieces jigsaw puzzle arranged order sedimentary rocks traces animals lived ago limestone broken sea shells position minerals metamorphic rocks important clue identifying rocks arranged bands layers clue helps identify metamorphic rocks fact remains traces past
fossil photograph page plant fossil fossils plant found india south america africa antarctica rocks fossils found kind rocks kind fossils found separated parts earth geologists say plant fossil important clue past position earth continents believe continents joined rocks plant fossil formed continents separated moved theory moving continents called continental drift addition evidence provided fossils shapes continents support continental drift theory look drawing continents fit pieces jigsaw puzzle fossils provide information past location earth oceans sedimentary rocks fossils sea animals found geologists mountaintops tells mountains water fossils provide clues earth climates changed fossils plants survived warm temperatures deal moisture found antarctic rocks suggests climate cold area earth warm
list describes correct order events trilobites dinosaur fossils important clues trilobites lived dinosaurs limestone layer oldest index fossils tell age rocks range geologists measuring rock age exactly rocks special substances change decay period kind substance special substances called radioactive substances uranium radioactive substance found rocks slowly lead slowly fact takes billion half uranium rock change lead length called half half length takes half amount radioactive substance change completely knowing half radioactive substances geologists figure exact age rock rock equal amounts uranium lead mean half original uranium changed lead rock billion rock found oldest known rock today billion oldest rocks found base ancient erosion worn mountains canada rocks shown living things radioactive substance called carbon plant animal dies amount carbon body begins decay
solid change shape particles solid free move remain position solid definite shape particles solids arranged orderly bricks brick wall order repeated solid solid particles arranged orderly repeated called crystal water freezes form ice forms crystals ice margin picture ice crystal looks snowflake piece ice small ice crystals fit pieces puzzle solids formed nearly elements compounds form crystals frozen picture shows table salt looks microscope crystals shape cube cubes repeated salt crystals look ice crystals don crystal shape result particles arranged particles solids arranged repeated ways crystals shape lesson learned solutions discovered ways solid dissolve faster liquid solute dissolved amount solvent say solution saturated
fireworks exploded high overhead bursts red white blue lit sky fourth july fireworks changing physically explode think fireworks produce colors finish lesson able tell kind change produces substances properties tell ways recognize kind change chapter learned matter physically substances boil melt freeze mix solutes dissolve solvents matter physical properties substance change substances formed kind change called chemical change chemical change takes place say chemical reaction occurred chemical reaction substances combine substances chemist combines hydrogen oxygen water chemical change taking place elements set properties combine react form substance set properties hydrogen oxygen colorless gases definite size shape water clear liquid definite size definite shape burning wood rusting iron examples chemical reactions reactions substances formed activity observing chemical reactions put scoop powder powder powder sheets waxed paper
vinegar baking soda reacted produce carbon dioxide balloon scale balanced weight substances reaction chemical reaction matter created destroyed changed form known law conservation matter law science law describes known true asking law conservation matter possibly true substances burn matter disappears burns matter destroyed answer question think flashbulbs camera bulb oxygen magnesium wire sealed inside bulb flashed magnesium burns oxygen forms magnesium oxide magnesium oxide white powder inside burned flashbulbs weight flashbulb exactly flashed matter able sealed flashbulb amount matter remain form substance wood burns matter disappear ashes left don gases formed weight substances oxygen air burn equal weight ashes gases formed
beautiful fall beth friends walked trail feet pushed piles bright gold red leaves leaves cm deep beth wondered happens leaves cm deep amount falls trees buried leaves lesson happens leaves living things die finish lesson able tell kinds decomposers forest tell reasons decomposers important environments tell gardeners decomposers improve soil word forest mentioned comes mind think trees birds deer animals plants think bacteria fungi important forest trees plants animals learned previously decomposers living things feed wastes dead organisms decomposers bacteria fungi bacteria main decomposers forest bacteria forest kind living organism fact bacteria forest organisms combined
huge rhinoceros walked slowly field lower head eat grass small birds hopped rhino birds picking rhino tough skin rhino mind birds birds rhino permit birds pick skin birds helping rhinoceros rhinoceros helping birds finish lesson able give examples show pairs organisms help survive tell organisms live organisms harm give examples kind organism named small birds story beginning lesson picking eating ticks rhino hide removing ticks birds helping rhinoceros rhinoceros providing food birds rhino birds organisms living organisms helped relationship times organisms helped organisms protists small plantlike organisms live help seen growing rocks foundation building maybe bark tree
jar water wrapped black paper heated fastest black objects heat absorbers absorb amount heat reflect amount heat reason black dark colored clothes feel warm hot black absorbing sun light heat absorbing ability black objects solar heaters jar water wrapped aluminum foil heated slowest light colored shiny objects reflect sun light heat colored objects wearing white clothes summer makes feel cooler solar energy source clean energy sun energy polluting environment wind source clean energy picture shows windmills pump water ground suggested wind energy produce electricity order windmills needed large built steady wind blowing hr think windmills harm environment believe weather affected large amounts energy wind source clean energy moving water source energy waterwheel invented
deer deer white coloring trait belong parents trait produced combining recessive genes deer white receive trait finish lesson able tell sex person affect trait appears tell names describe diseases inherited tell change genes results trait times sex person affects trait appears learned lesson chromosome genes chromosome genes chromosome matching genes chromosome genes located chromosome called sex linked genes male receives sex linked gene recessive inherits trait males matching genes chromosome dominant gene hide recessive difficult females show sex linked trait inherit recessive genes inherit dominant recessive recessive gene hidden gene color blindness sex linked gene color blind shades gray colors red green
let closer look selective breeding process farmer wants produce corn large sweet pollen plant produced sweet corn put pollen stigma corn plant produced large ears corn seeds produced crossing produce large sweet corn farmer seeds produce plants taking pollen plant placing stigma plant called cross pollination mendel experimented pea plants actually breeding plants cross pollinated pure short plants pure tall plants selective plant breeders careful select plants cross pollinate choose plants produce offspring combination traits parents person shown selectively breeding plants selective plant breeders wrap flowers cross pollinated plants plastic bags breeders want sure pollen plant reach stigma plant wrapped plastic bag prevents pollen reaching stigma cows sheep hogs depend food selectively bred farm animals called livestock reasons breeding livestock reason money saved breeders raise animals yield food expense
think able juggle instinct reflex born ability number objects air juggling learned finish lesson able give examples learning theory based rewards punishments give behavior repeated performed thinking living things born genes give reflexes instincts born genes give ability think learn things extent abilities depends environment live theories explain learn things lesson going learn theory learning called conditioning conditioning learning theory states learn system rewards punishments rewarded tend repeat behavior punished tend repeat behavior consider taught say words thank asking thank receiving mother father smiled nodded praised
late night going home show mother father brother tom douglas saw tennis shoes bright store window spun walking backward watch tennis shoes left june past buying special shoes quiet summer rain falling walks june earth full raw power motion dad douglas blurted window cream sponge para litefoot shoes father didn turn suppose tell need pair sneakers douglas dad hard explain sneakers felt feels summer shoes run grass felt feels sticking feet hot covers wintertime let cold wind open window blow suddenly let stay pull covers feel packed snow tennis shoes felt feels wading slow waters creek tennis shoes knew boys needed wanted put marshmallows coiled springs soles wove rest grasses bleached fired wilderness
pampa argentina growing corn golden hair yellow red brown look stalk locks black night creep close find hair growing corn belongs pedro twelve son vaquero hunting hiding place perdiz partridge shy pedro sharp eyes couldn find edge cornfield searching jungle stalks saw strange stopped stock hidden tall leafy corn pedro held breath stared knee deep luscious alfalfa short distance pedro stood wild pony breakfast maybe terribly hungry maybe taste forbidden food pony acted tasted plant juicy sweet grazed keen delight mouth watered foamed formed bubbles beautiful green jade mouth full lifted head chewing looked air heavy sweet scent alfalfa nostrils quiver delight stood hesitant quietly pedro stepped closer watched pony movement expected horse leave alfalfa corn alfalfa delicious
saturday morning progressive luncheon marcy early breakfast dishes ready begin salad pleaded certainly mother recipe making gelatin ingredients cleaned kitchen set table put napkins salad plates forks thanks mother aunt going drive town shopping place marcy tied apron sighed happily going surprise girls salad hour later washing chopping shredding things gelatin thought peered refrigerator tested gelatin consistency poured half wet ring mold began put shredded lettuce carrots celery cucumbers diced cheese ham pimiento looked pretty mold getting full marcy hesitated took spoonfuls added green peas cooked string beans sliced olives pour remainder gelatin top mold full gelatin begin spilling sides tried scoop slippery mixture soon
esther ann met brother eyes voice strong firm think want mercy don want travel want settle brother nodded agreement thoughtfully thinking trip mountains wonder tales travelers helped picture place going knew silence fell thought farm jersey snug house barn wide fields animals eyes turned oxen standing patiently drowsing sun middle flatboat oxen farm cart piled family belongings belongings rest sold crowd cart nice oxen tim tom reminders farm esther ann thought wonder pa thinking farm left land going samuel titus standing pole intent keeping big clumsy flatboat catching tree trunks upended roots littered river keeping boat colliding flatboats bearing families ohio homes
sager children lost count days walked walked walked nights grew longer darker colder john prayed able stay snake river grass water game scarce mountain walls sides river grew menacing john eyed towering cliffs dread orphans farther hungry able shoot fact touched store bacon pemmican suffered thirst especially toil high river bank able water found stagnant water hollows rocks bailed waterskins louise boiled kettle drank lukewarm insipid stuff walter ox grew visibly weaker carried load patient humor sink knees scramble struggle gamely hide hung slack folds round neck shanks stuck skin knobbly backbone walter open wounds badly fitting packsaddles chafed louise smeared spots rifle grease night john slipped dry moss straps packsaddles loading anna cow leaner lithe yielded milk regularly
bed river consisted firm grayish sand hard tacky sooner stand sand closed vise round toes heels quickly pulled feet shouted shoulder quicksand moving feet slow progress knees water higher depth called bed quicksand children sat watched standing moment john forged river reached side tied rope securely bush side river tied loose end rope round cottonwood tree took hunting knife sweeping strokes cut wider path reeds bordered bank joined francis carry baggage difficult anna walter unloaded francis crossing icy water times john times heavily laden standing animals john soft clucking noise tongue order coax full trust patted necks stroked noses
left hand side africa soon land humps ocean begins wandering south wide yellow river called ogowe country wilder country river runs sides river lined black jungles trees tangles fern swamps papyrus higher tall head palm trees lean river snakes monkey tails dangling branches shadows line sounds ogowe country wild fearful sounds trumpeting elephants screams panthers cries gorillas stomping buffaloes silences wild fearful crocodile pushing eyes edge water silent white shark streaking upriver silent pointed knife ogowe river wildness wildness began spot middle wildness clearing giant mahogany trees cut buildings lemon trees grapefruit trees lined neatly orchards lambs cats dogs chickens ducks wild things wandered jungle tamed home patch gentleness ogowe river dr schweitzer doctor built hospital center jungle brought love land fear
breakfast morning kennie father studying barn going car section twenty morning look brood mares dad cried howard rob mclaughlin frowned howard turned highboy evening dirty legs howard wriggled groomed yes knees kicks fault don legs clean boys eyed kennie secretly triumphant howard chagrined mclaughlin turned door ken week today give colt decide want kennie shot chair stared father spring colt dad yearling rob mclaughlin aback wife concealed smile kennie yearling till ride colt yearling colt father means ken smoothly hurry lessons howard wipe dishes kennie found important person ranch prestige lifted head gave inch height bold stare feel gus tim murphy ranch hands interested kennie choice colt
kennie carried oats flicka morning evening watch eyes ears pointed hill evening ken distance stop wide grin spread face heard nicker caught sight coming calling box oats nose ate stood hand smoothing satin soft skin mane arranged forelock neatly eyes bit dish faced arab eyes set lightly groomed brushed stood turning head whichever spoiled soon step stream drink hold bucket drink lift dripping muzzle rest shoulder shirt golden eyes dreaming distance daintily dip mouth drink turned head south pricked ears stood tense listening ken knew heard colts galloping upland someday flicka re strong won fly wind stand top look smell snow summer range
commander peary eskimos ootah egingwah seegloo ooqueah night wind southeast push sun backs ball living fire rolling horizon ending captain bartlett commander peary save eskimos past looked realized position knew speaking demonstrate going unlock door held mystery arctic instant hesitation order push started drive miles final destination pole excellent distance full twenty miles north stopped lead barely frozen camped waited strong southeast wind force sides lead eskimos eaten meal stewed dog cooked fire wood discarded sledge condition commander peary rested invigorated thirty hours spent camp proven ability gauging distances commander ready reckoning resort solar observations hand grasp pole
shores small deep bay clear green water mirrored tall firs arbutus woman sat beach tending campfire tent children clambered rocky shore calling excitedly small clearing building house big black dog ran woman children small brown face peered root arbutus pointed nose bright eyes trembling whiskers mink turned dismay brother young mink looked water narrow bay building nest answered wisely going live asked timid mink crept shadows yes think coming building nests water edge called asked shy mink night light tent beach animals summoned gulls meeting biggest fir tree sea birds sat high branches small birds jumped branch branch settled row beneath sea birds pair hummingbirds invisible big fir sat end twig
john timothy keefe graced unusually large ears move foolish soldiers tried compare ears mule received grin angry reply tell truth john keefe proud oversize movable ears balaam assigned pikes peak weather station older sergeant stood fourteen hands high solemn beautiful sad face punctuated dark shiny eyes head crowned longest lively expressive ears graced mule head gray hide marked scars saddle sores harness burns colorado springs knew caissons army supply wagons pulled knew balaam army mule reach summit pikes peak honor creature knew balaam served weather station continuously stood triumphantly peak brayed song loud clear pikes peak stands monument hardworking balaam mountain discovered captain zebulon montgomery pike climb balaam climbed constantly tell sergeant keefe stepping wooden sidewalk ye seen bit change peak sweeney judge price gazed heavy line pikes peak stone horizon loomed distance
whirlwind return tuscumbia helen spoke full sentences mother father viny mildred half grown mastiff waiting helen lioness girl huge dog bounded response voice burying muzzle helen hands helen ran yard called lioness girl quickly dog loped helen family tried talk manual alphabet pushed hands insisted reading lips fingertips practice told winter intense effort learning talk took toll helen strength humidity heat southern summer rest helen home days felt head begin spin knew happening sank floor faint studying letter writing rest summer family decreed weeks try play forget ran lioness talked mon beau chien renewed acquaintance farm animals teacher favorite walks woods tennessee river returned house walks captain keller letter helen hand
youth companion bought helen keller story hitz dr bell predicted helen confidence began return nearly words paper writing words helen share words visit lands times heroes ancient greece characters shakespeare tribes jungles easy fly paper wings going paper wings read write read write going try persuade let blind deaf children learn read write travel paper wings overwork helen mother cautioned helen refused spare appetite slept soundly night growing rapidly twelve feet inches tall weighed pounds finish studies begin blind deaf children miss sullivan suggested dr bell wanted visit schools deaf going wanted chicago fair going going college women college
fay house private mansion principal building radcliffe college helen keller began freshman stories high rounded turrets sides stood facing wide green lawn short walk harvard small wooden buildings housed gymnasium dormitories helen anne lived small furnished apartment frame house mile dana street anne sullivan side helen keller walked mile classes fay house morning dressed styles times helen enjoyed stylish clothes fashion lords decreed high laced shoes sweeping skirt shirtwaist stiff collar cuffs hard sailor hat hair combed upward high pompadour classes helen attended parlors fay house taught harvard professors classes languages literature fine arts botany chemistry economics government helen radcliffe agreed point special arrangements anne listening knew professors doubtful thing started school felt doubts rapidly disappearing term progressed sensed shyness classmates anne shyness wore didn
rory disabled pulled carriage mare named peggy stood stall mine strong animal bright dun color beautifully dappled dark brown mane tail high breeding pretty remarkably sweet tempered willing anxious look eye knew trouble thought odd pace partly trot partly canter paces jump forward unpleasant horse pulled fidgety home asked odd awkward ah troubled manner paces bad fault legs short stand nearly high legs inches longer knees mine course longer step faster wish legs troubles short legs peggy despondent tone
rubio chuckled blew speck paper desk blotter hear re crew leader job rufus grinned fine say frog cats jump rubio wiggled pencil reflectively cat didn jump asked rufus smelled sly gambits trying explain stolen wrecked automobile shipped pine valley inside rufus mind place going today tomorrow merely shrugged looked window social worker wrote paper rufus folder haven letters mother thoughtfully lady lose tooth write letter lots hate write letters glad understand feelings hurt statement irritated rufus gazed unblinking desk feelings hurt stupid letting twenty kids crew cat giving hard trying fool front gang ol rufus stays top things let feelings hurt
texas curly kid riding open plains place string saloons stores side trail string saloons stores town difference big towns towns big towns longer towns expert riding end town robbing bank shooting moved riding end posse hot heels naturally assumed follow proven method robbery oklahoma city moment discovered side street bank natural rightful texas pattern dumb oklahomans built dozen streets running side side direction silliest duplication effort curly kid seen matters worse allowed mess streets spring intersected streets result lack planning big junction hundred yards jammed horses wagons cattle trying cross piece ground directions naturally couldn marvel curly kid living close texas strange ways watched hours chuckling exclaiming antics crazy oklahomans
ab plane empty dared jump board ab walked stood open hatch nodded mechanically heard instructions jump ab took deep breath wanted step run seat turning slowly clenched fists dove head dropping wind rushed tearing nostrils tried breathe couldn turning caught glimpse transport circling lazily turned ground rushing yowled terror breath yowl dropping dropping remembered forgotten count fell matter grasping desperately fought find ripcord fingernails tore flying suit clawed fingers closed metal ring pulled strength wasn going open falling twisting turning hurtling earth scrambled madly find ripcord reserve pack couldn find twisting body dropping fast whistled fell flailed despair prepared smash ground
rebelled king genii genie began punish shut vase copper put leaden cover seal enchantment prevent coming vase thrown sea period captivity vowed free hundred passed rich death century passed freed century vowed give treasures deliverer promised king grant wishes century passed remained plight grew angry captive vowed release kill allow choose manner die freed today choose die fisherman unhappy unlucky freed implore spare told genie impossible choose quickly wasting fisherman began devise plot die choose manner death conjure honor tell vase yes answered genie
christmas davie reflectively jasper jasper sat didn reply question moment children didn thanksgiving seen christmas didn revelation hang stockings polly softly times begged mother try younger put winters cold hard strictest economy carried phronsie horror feet em polly dear polly jasper laughing stared requiring deal thought passing boy mind christmas muttered father let thoughts gay kindly explained told phronsie stories past christmases enjoyed interest baking soon dwindled horrible smell burning brought senses house burning cried polly pail water jasper snuffing wisely forgot beg pardon running stove knelt drew oven black odorous mass crestfallen air brought polly
speak boat boats silent dip oars spread mouth harbor headed part ocean hoped find fish knew going left smell land rowed clean early morning smell ocean saw phosphorescence gulf weed water rowed part ocean fishermen called sudden deep hundred fathoms sorts fish congregated swirl current steep walls floor ocean concentrations shrimp bait fish schools squid deepest holes rose close surface night wandering fish fed dark feel morning coming rowed heard trembling sound flying fish left water hissing stiff set wings soared darkness fond flying fish principal friends ocean sorry birds especially small delicate dark terns flying looking finding thought birds harder robber birds heavy strong
lover turned looked eye met sat paler whiter vast ocean anxious faces saw power quick perception souls knew door crouched tiger stood lady expected understood nature soul assured rest plain thing hidden king hope youth element certainty based success princess discovering mystery moment looked saw succeeded soul knew succeed quick anxious glance asked question plain shouted stood instant lost question asked flash answered arm lay cushioned parapet raised hand slight quick movement lover saw eye fixed arena turned firm rapid step walked empty space
sir john related saw son whipping kicking knocking pony shamefully leap gate high pony behaved sir showed vice threw heels tipped young gentleman thorn hedge wanted help hope excuse sir feel inclined bones broken sir scratches love horses riles badly bad plan aggravate animal till heels john chuckling home told james laughed served knew boy school took airs farmer son swagger bully boys remember afternoon school found large window catching flies pulling wings gave box ears laid sprawling floor angry frightened roared bellowed style boys rushed playground master ran road slain
night youth lay bed winds carried clangor church bell enthusiast jerked rope frantically tell twisted news battle voice rejoicing night shiver prolonged ecstasy excitement later mother room spoken ma going enlist henry don fool mother replied covered face quilt end matter night morning town mother farm enlisted company forming returned home mother milking brown cow stood waiting ma enlisted diffidently short silence lord henry finally replied continued milk brown cow stood doorway soldier clothes light excitement expectation eyes defeating glow regret home bonds seen tears leaving trails mother scarred cheeks disappointed saying returning shield privately primed beautiful scene
fire snapping crackling promising dancing flame started untie moccasins coated ice thick german socks sheaths iron halfway knees moccasin strings rods steel twisted knotted fire moment tugged numb fingers realizing folly drew sheath knife cut strings happened fault mistake built fire spruce tree built open easier pull twigs brush drop directly fire tree carried weight snow boughs wind blown weeks bough fully freighted pulled twig slight agitation tree agitation scarcely noticeable concerned agitation sufficient bring disaster high tree bough capsized load snow fell boughs beneath capsizing process continued spreading involving tree grew avalanche descended warning fire fire blotted shocked
days voyage passed prosperously amid favorable weather propitious winds soon sight andaman principal islands bay bengal picturesque saddle peak thousand hundred feet high looming waters steamer passed shores savage papuans lowest scale humanity asserted cannibals appearance panorama islands steamed superb vast forests palms arecs bamboo teakwood gigantic mimosa tree ferns covered foreground graceful outlines mountains traced sky coasts swarmed thousands precious swallows varied landscape afforded andaman islands soon passed rangoon rapidly approached straits malacca give access china seas detective fix unluckily drawn country country managed board rangoon calcutta seen passepartout leaving orders warrant arrive forwarded hong kong hoped conceal presence end voyage difficult explain board awaking passepartout suspicions thought bombay detective hopes wishes centered hong kong steamer stay singapore allow steps
landed safe shore began look thank god saved case minutes scarcely room hope believe impossible express ecstasies soul saved say grave walked shore lifting hands reflecting deliverance comrades drowned marveled soul saved saw sign hats cap shoes fellows soothed mind comfortable part condition began look kind place soon found comforts abate word dreadful deliverance wet clothes change eat drink comfort prospect hunger devoured wild beasts affliction weapon hunt kill creature sustenance defend creatures desire kill word knife tobacco pipe tobacco box provision threw terrible agonies mind ran madman
women cultural league convened promptly ten clock wednesday morning bright yellow brick meeting house bell avenue mrs piddleton birdlike woman wearing stiff pink woolen suit black leather shoes matching purse hat strutted briskly podium straightened fashionable leather hat cleared throat importance beginning official business silence crept room usual chatter fashions children gossip abated morning ladies mrs piddleton began today business concerns plans welfare program needy program consist workshop set area instruct women families area culture mrs piddleton hat wobbled suddenly coughed excused continued volunteer head committee involve hard dainty hand edged front row thank interested contact mrs ellingsby immediately meeting refreshments served main dining room meeting adjourned mrs piddleton stepped front auditorium promptly led elegantly decorated dining area street charles pouring heart beat cornet middle living room sprawled worn carpet tapping foot smooth rhythm music
nanny sammy stared strange mother manner mrs penn eat pantry heard moving dishes ate presently pile plates clothes basket shed packed nanny sammy watched brought cups saucers put plates goin mother inquired nanny timid voice sense unusual tremble ghost sammy rolled eyes pie goin replied mrs penn re nanny want upstairs pack things want sammy help bed bedroom mother gasped nanny hours feat performed simple pious england mother equal wolfe storming heights abraham took genius audacity bravery wolfe cheer wondering soldiers steep precipices sleeping eyes enemy sarah penn head children move household goods barn husband nanny sammy mother instructions murmur overawed
cathedral clock struck jean valjean awoke awakened bed nineteen slept bed sleep unquiet thoughts lay repeated drove remembered silver plates large silver ladle seen mme magloire putting cupboard thought took possession steps solid silver bring hundred francs double earned imprisonment mind struggled thought hour clock struck opened eyes thrust legs feet ground sat edge bed lost thought remained daybreak clock struck quarter hour say rose feet hesitated moment listened walked cautiously window bars opened garden unfastened garden enclosed low white wall easily scale turned quickly mind alcove took pack put shoes pocket swung bundle shoulders put cap pulled eyes
matters pass remnant days moons winters descendants mighty hosts moved broad land lived happy homes protected spirit remain mourn graves powerful hopeful mourn untimely fate tribe follows tribe nation follows nation waves sea order nature regret useless decay distant surely white god walked talked friend friend exempt common destiny brothers part soil sacred estimation hillside valley plain grove hallowed sad happy event days vanished dust stand responds lovingly footsteps rich blood ancestors bare feet conscious sympathetic touch children lived rejoiced season love somber solitudes eventide greet shadowy returning spirits red perished memory tribe myth white shores swarm invisible dead tribe children children think field store shop highway silence pathless woods
father point getting breakfast meant prompt occurred try early idea slide room moment late brothers late exception george reliable son father george early father pointed practice minutes piano reason george prompt hurry sporting page father hold newspaper reason played piano signal rest dressed team won yesterday ball game code purpose leaned banisters pulling stockings shoes hear announce results don remember titles airs selected general idea played gay lively air meant giants won strains dirge lament floated meant pop anson beaten father didn approve professional baseball arrangement led led nose took newspaper george moment entered room george morning stepped innocently parlor
father sugar canes sugar canes taste delicious delightful let lot home mother continued sucking eagerly cane gently breath moment moderation things remember cut home don conveniently carry spite warning son cut dozen largest canes stripping leaves carried arm pushed canebrake reached clump palms making entered troop monkeys frolicking ground sprang chattering grimacing clearly distinguish top trees fritz provoked impertinent gestures raised gun shot poor beasts stay cried animal needlessly live monkey tree dozen dead feet show saying gathered handful small stones threw apes stones influenced instinct imitation instantly seized coconuts reach perfect hail fritz delighted stratagem rushing forward picked finest nuts
stepped forward eat pushed cake boy mouth boy tightened lips pass stood stubborn ridiculous baggy clothes rubbed cake tight lips tried force rubbed harder spreading cake pinched taut face tattered fedora fell boy hair bounced hand shook face roughly eyes waver invisible point focused lips stayed tightly pressed rubbed boy face cake crumbled nothingness coarse insult turned walked unsteadily boys looked leader stared straight ahead boys picked hat held leader took coldly put head lips tight boys looked moved bickering low tones boy relax left slight movement lips sugared icing cake clung skin slowly reluctantly lips parted tip boy tongue protruded hesitantly tongue curled upward tip encountered grain sugar unaccustomed taste sugar sweetness racing part boy body
jack showed thought bridge certainly saw place banks point fairly close steep equal height find planks reach say ball string father ernest tie end stone throw draw measure line adopting son idea speedily ascertained distance eighteen feet allowing feet side calculated twenty feet length boards question planks laid difficult decided discuss dinner summoned wife sat resting displayed needlework hard labor large canvas bags donkey carry suitable needle obliged bore hole stitch nail gained praise ingenuity patience dinner quickly finished eager continue engineering scheme occurred conveying end plank water set fortunately trees close stream side attached rope pretty end beam slung loosely tree fastening rope end crossed means broken rocks stones pulley block soon arranged rope strong limb opposite tree returning end side
harry died abroad rate hotel bess weeping hard left fortune left horn wasn money passage home lottie trapped blood tie knew send sister returned didn fair bess reap harvest lottie lifetime denial took lottie week bedroom ready week hard hard cash replace paint room looked fresh lottie felt deserved bess let bess room mattress lumpy carpet worn curtains threadbare lottie conscience pricked supposed redo room eagerness mistook haste upstairs shocked dismal downstairs looked comparison tried ignore escape contrast grew intolerable worked kitchen parlor persuading putting rooms give night slept child happy playing house fun
paul hunting spotted deer miles sticking head fallen tree taking careful aim wth trusty rifle fired deer disappeared surprise later stuck head view aim getting poor grumbled paul rubbed eyes let drive animal greater astonishment deer head dropped sight shot lifted place exasperated hunter firing strange performance repeated deer bobbed view shot twenty cartridges fired deer head stayed sight certainly poor shooting paul muttered sadly walked ahead pick carcass animal feeling badly poor marksmanship natural able hit aimed matter poor shooting conditions imagine surprised reassured looked fallen tree found twenty dead deer bullet hole exactly eyes
strike queer capacity written words absorb convey feelings separately mere symbols feeling bricks string row mysterious conditions find laughing crying eye runs words convey mere ideas remarkable boy fat cat tails statements obviously power written language feelings visible symbols hold electricity visible wire ready respond test applied person spoken words charged human tones lighted human eyes carry feelings astonishing magnetic sympathy orator understands affect audience possibly spoke language written words suppose possess remarkable facility grouping language strong feelings subject finally determine commit paper pen runs words present dragged fall places deal moved chuckle half dozen lines farther lump comes throat wipe eyes
christmas hull house knew child labor number girls refused candy offered part christmas cheer saying simply worked candy factory bear sight discovered weeks worked morning night exhausted satiated sharp awareness bitter economic conditions thrust midst season winter boys hull house club injured machine neighboring factory lack guard cost dollars injury boys resulted death felt sure owners factory share horror remorse prevent repeat tragedy surprise acquaintance pathetic documents signed parents working children claim damages resulting carelessness visits neighborhood constantly discovered women sewing sweatshop assisted incredibly small children remember girl pulled basting threads hour hour sitting stool feet bohemian mother bunch human misery
pretty future inspired confidence graceful gentleness childlike ease looked frail fancy flinging dozen pins sudden motion warn saw pink hands feeling machine happily late thought danger hitherto forgotten reaching bars machine unscrewed levers set motion put pocket turned communication looking nearly features saw peculiarities dresden china type prettiness hair uniformly curly sharp end neck cheek faintest suggestion face ears singularly minute mouths small bright red thin lips chins ran point eyes large mild egotism part fancied lack interest expected effort communicate simply stood round smiling speaking soft cooing notes began conversation
azores group islands atlantic ocean thousand miles west portugal thousand miles east york southeasternmost island santa maria ago twelve boy walking narrow beach santa maria looking seashells sell pennies tourists vila porto island town boy stepped bottle nearly buried wet sand bottle worth pennies junk dealer pulled bottle sand unusual cork neck covered thick coat red wax inside boy roll paper paper writing foreign language read language english took bottle priest vila porto priest wrapped bottle towel held neck tapped bottle hammer pieces broken glass carefully lifted paper slipped eyeglasses winked boy began read read frown face took glasses looked boy miguel idea letter says says finder bottle reward thousand american dollars write letter say found bottle
picnic maria luisa re going picnic juan sang happy singsong voice didn picnic word beautiful maria luisa father promised family big picnic place merry round ferris wheel afterward sit grass eat lunch band played music promised big bags popcorn fluffy pink spun sugar cones promise actually late aunt rosa announced breakfast going holiday picnic golden gate park uncle emilio idea asked maria luisa didn think pity wish shyly later family uncle emilio climbed bus aunt rosa picnic basket maria luisa baby mike elena roberto jose juan grandmother bus hills crossed street maria luisa caught sight blue water bay distance bridge crossed
wendel william teacher didn stand nonsense hard fool kids tried trick succeeded kids planning put glue chair substitute fake chalk soap things tried wendel spotted glue fake chalk turned joke asking kids sit chair write blackboard picked kid thought trick place lots kids wendel class book throw voice book device hold mouth supposed easy throw voice kids didn actually swallow voicethrowers wendel hard fool wendel classroom william clenched teeth add graham crackers heated chicken fat add paprika salt pepper cooking program kids giggled looked noise coming william looked wendel didn say garnish banana slices skin festive dish serve wendel walked aisles trying locate sound wendel closer william unclenched teeth sound radio softer
days knossos cities nearby port heraklion crowded trading boats egypt asia king ships crete athenian strangers stared disembarked marched road palace palace spread hill halls galleries countless rooms built huge blocks stone framed cypress wood wooden columns tapered downward painted russet blue capitals grand staircase stories high lit wells light splendid palace king aegeus athens theseus entered hall startled huge black bull front golden horns white nostrils red rimmed eyes fierce mouth thought minotaur drew sword waited charge beast harmless king minos laughing sheathe sword theseus saw painting wall laughed hall entered decorated pictures wrestling boxing bullfighting bull leaping popular sport crete scenes nature flowers birds trees wild creatures pictures snake goddess minoans worshipped processions public ceremonies
william ellen hear slaves workers cabinet shop slaves tried ellen overheard talk mistress guests slaves didn tried run north times heard hateful abolitionists lured slaves homes kind owners ellen william heard slaves ran prayed safety caught tracked bloodhounds horseback poor slaves blundered forests stumbled stony streams swam rivers elude pursuers caught brought overseers beat half dead lesson think running william ellen heard slave packed case shipped north starving suffocating crate opened free tried escape hoping north save money buy wife freedom william brave strong chance spite bloodhounds fear punishment leave ellen knew think plan save william thought ellen pass white escape caught
middle night fly woke charlie lay listening half asleep swooped room wakened occasionally buzzing stopped fly alighted face jerked head fly buzzed awake fly buzzed widely room thinking charlie swooped nearer nearer nearer charlie pulled head bedclothes bedclothes completely protected hear heartbeats breathing overwhelmed smell warm bedding warm pajamas warm going suffocate rose suddenly bedclothes fly waiting dashed beat hands appealed younger brother wilson bed wilson fly wilson unstirring slept charlie fly pitting wits charlie pouncing air thought fly fly sliding guard face fly reached charlie simultaneously charlie dislodged hit fly hit fly side head
asked paw paw mother finally rolled side face paw paw jeanie feel lonely paw paw picked deck cards began play game solitaire play talked fingers eyes brains paw paw didn look hands maybe let daddy tell turned lay stomach hugging pillow chin barney won talk lonely age paw paw sensed longing voice mommy lots friends pretty sweet big help paw paw finished game began sweep cards middle table gather deck daddy thought looking boy natural couple grammar school popular yes popular dances chinatown momma liked dancing paw paw dresser opened middle drawer rummaging till took worn brown bag drew small pile photos set table sorted momma
remember morning rufus idea toothpaste shopping mother cut rate drugstore toothpaste things rufus list looking things sale heard rufus say seventy cents inch tube toothpaste crazy eighty cents pointed tubes farther shelf crazier rufus tubes anyway peppermint flavoring paste maybe paste expensive paste rufus don need powdered gold paste paste everyday ordinary stuff didn paste toothpaste mean plain paste pasting things rufus grandma mayflower showed paste flour starch cook water till mixture nice pasty feel paste pictures scrapbook paste wallpaper couldn brush teeth don rufus tried bet toothpaste harder anyway paying seventy cents tube toothpaste rufus crossed toothpaste mother shopping list
science technology depend science inventing improving computers microscopes communication satellites things inventions scientists study nature high speed photography learn bird flaps wings electron microscopes enable scientists pictures disease causing viruses computers store retrieve analyze huge amounts data computer complex mathematical problem small fraction person environment surroundings air water noise chemicals radiation wildlife part environment believe environment cleaned healthful want clean air breathe pure water drink expect food clean free harmful chemicals want harmed dangerous radiation believe wildlife protected scenic beauty preserved improving environment person improving environment requires science technology solutions pollution environmental problems depend discoveries inventions scientists discover ways prevent air water pollution engineers principles physics design quieter jet engines biologists test food preservatives find safe harm human body
scientists discovered chemical compounds prevent blood clotting chemicals called anticoagulants anticoagulants practical added blood stored blood banks prevent clotting doctors prescribe anticoagulants heart attacks prevent clotting coronary arteries rat poisons anticoagulants blood exactly blood ways persons types blood identified chemical tests major blood types ab blood type types blood mixed clumping blood cells occurs blood typed mixing sample blood serum blood serum liquid part blood obtained clotting blood separating liquid serum centrifuge kinds serum blood typing serum serum obtained type blood serum obtained type blood blood type determined observing clumping occurs blood mixed serum type blood glass slide divided equal parts glass marking pencil drop serum left side slide side drop serum drop blood typed added serum
andrew marcus wanted freckles nicky lane freckles million covered face ears neck andrew didn freckles warts finger didn freckles nicky mother neck dirty wouldn wash late school andrew plenty look nicky freckles sat class tried count eighty miss kelly called andrew paying attention yes miss kelly andrew andrew glad hear pick chair join reading group re waiting andrew stood hurry reading group giggled especially sharon couldn stand sharon thought knew freckles wouldn count nicky lane hear miss kelly called reading groups laugh later bell rang andrew poked nicky lane want nicky asked turning wondering freckles andrew yeah andrew felt pretty silly mean born andrew thought nicky say
andrew ran home secret recipe freckle juice folded carefully bottom andrew shoe mind read home didn want waste getting wasn fastest reader anyway gotten fall hard words figure andrew dashed house unlocked front door took shoe soon inside pulled secret recipe sat floor read sharon secret recipe freckle juice glass makes average amount freckles nicky lane drink glasses mix things mix drink fast grape juice vinegar mustard mayonnaise juice lemon pepper salt ketchup olive oil piece onion faster drink faster freckles andrew read list didn sound secret recipe mother things course didn maybe secret part paid fifty cents find climbed kitchen counter reach shelves found lemon refrigerator onion mrs marcus onions basement box
re sure meet words reading haven seen don remember words heard words talking don recognize print figure things think words saying think sounds consonant letters word look left order need think sound vowel vowel comes beginning word decide word consonant sounds order sense words words heavy black letters paragraph words haven seen bobby play sniff odor cooking pleasant smell bobby feeling hungry knew mother expected set table dinner eager dinner didn complain asked look word heavy black letters think words saying notice word begins vowel need think sound vowel consonant comes vowels vowel stands sound
general shaking head told prime minister duck gun prime minister fire gun duck inside going general coughed looked floor wondering lend gun mean fair guns haven agree prime minister gun couldn share general fire shot gun fire shot prime minister laughed let gun heavy move general looked unhappy looks put war weeks prime minister duck hatched eggs gun general shook hands prime minister fair forget war weeks general heard news pleased meant weeks vacation fact pleased put food gun general wasn looking week general problem
village road pegu lived friends high monkey wide pig handsome fox high wide handsome laziest fellows countryside working hard lay porch village rest house telling stories drinking palm juice high wide handsome liked hang rest house chance traveler treat nice dinner return story hound drove rest house rolling stone rolling stone yellow sports car dressed beautiful clothes high wide handsome seen high wide handsome stared splendid stranger velvet slippers sighed high fancy trousers sighed wide feathered hat walking stick handsome clothes high wide handsome wore looked ordinary rolling stone high wide handsome tiptoed rolling stone drinking palm juice porch high whispered wide think treat nice lunch idea handsome let trick giving beautiful clothes wide handsome whispered plan friends agreed plan rolling stone finished juice ready travel handsome
handsome chasing rabbit rabbit ran thicket ran grab rabbit turned tiger biggest tiger seen tiger roared opened mouth swallow told unfair eat looking rabbit tiger tiger paid attention caught hold jaw gave jerk surprise tiger broke died rolling stone look surprised poor tiger clever hunter don stories rolling stone fellows hunting fishing eating tamarinds working job story find hard believe rolling stone cleared throat began tell story ago rolling stone bought coconut farm farm grew strange coconut tree bright red color grew higher bush tree branches leaves decided chop lifted ax branches suddenly appeared
sound end lilly etta didn want reporter hang police lowered voice mrs ruth put things house lilly etta tell voice laughing say lady named mrs brown trouble girl standing want stop putting stuff thought mrs brown lilly etta thought answered fifty tell lilly etta didn say whispered tanya wants want silly heard silly think re interesting let find things tell maybe help maybe level lilly etta allen live lilly etta allen lilly etta told help stop eviction report draw attention wrong told lilly etta ordinary listening mrs brown children missed kids sick buy food rent money
lilly etta room pulled bathrobe slipped feet sneakers tiptoed closet towels sheets blankets filled arms sheets blankets carry baby blankets hope cover tanya stuff rains hard lilly etta didn want think ready heart pounding arms hurt walked hall past mother bedroom past bathroom past heard mother cough lilly etta waited longer hear sound hurry thought stood dark front door hallway dark light fixed steps squeaked loudly strange sounding night squeaks lilly etta heard laughter apartments passed stumbled cat feel ghost movie bundle ground floor struggle open door fell stoop steps lilly etta tried spread sheets blankets pile wouldn couldn reach top places threw sheet blanket wind blew baby blankets blowing street run
morning evening newspapers printed story pictures lilly etta saw face pile blowing blankets sheets questions wanted ask mother thought stay spanking didn want evening allen family sat dinner doorbell rang knew mrs allen sit rings door called police police child won listen trouble talk lilly etta lilly etta yes ma living room bring twins hurry police want talk reporter lilly etta recognized frazier voice glad ask question bothering looked window lilly etta hurry coming yelled living room pulling twins asking question police newspaper didn put mrs brown furniture tanya stuff house mrs ruth looking hi lilly etta going mrs brown
annie studied dr howe notes laura bridgman laura case helen keller annie wanted annie laura talked tapping woman interested helen keller gave annie doll girl annie tuscumbia alabama dusty train ride captain mrs keller met station glad meeting train days helen waiting house sense happening annie saw lost unhappy child looked hoped heart bring helen keller darkness annie soon saw helen training family felt sorry let pleased helen grabbed wanted food plates annie felt sorry helen meant treat normal person meal family annie sat helen stopped girl taking food stuffing mouth helen surprised angry stamped feet annie asked family leave room locked door helen run helen kicked door struck annie screamed rolled floor
japan ago lived hamaguchi wisest village loved honored hamaguchi rich farmer farmhouse stood hillside acre seashore shore scattered hill houses neighbors house ground flat top huge step hillside stretched rice fields harvest hundreds rice stacks dotted hamaguchi fields fine crop tonight village hamaguchi sat house looked village liked join merrymakers tired hot stayed home grandson tada flags paper lanterns hung fluttering streets village gathering dance low sun lighted moving bits color hot strong breeze begun blow sea suddenly hillside shook wave rolling slowly house crackled rocked gently moment earthquake thought hamaguchi worst
maxie felt tired bed monday tuesday morning clock shades maxie front windows window remained large orange cat asleep foot maxie bed sweet warbling sounds morning heard sounds maxie leather slippers stairs tea kettle filled empty silence clock letter carrier daily mail seed catalog maxie waited stairs didn unusual decided deliver catalog door climbed flights stairs knocked waited sign maxie turkle lived floor hurrying stairs mrs moorehouse street mrs trueheart door susie smith twin brothers members family floor arthur superintendent seventeen dogs cats waiting maxie open door didn found maxie bed stairs called doctor
americans mexican descent call chicanos mexican americans story chicanos begins ago columbus indians mayas toltecs aztecs lived mexico thousands indians built beautiful cities mexico cities palaces walls gold rulers lived palaces palaces thousands houses workers lived bakers pottery makers wove cloth clothing jewelry children school study mathematics art cities farmers lived small villages farmed land grew cotton corn chili peppers beans wove cotton cloth clothes ground corn meal bread indians mexico learned story beginnings story written deerskin paper bark wild fig tree ago forgotten forefathers sea deep water boats rushes carried baskets earth filled marshes land chose lead rule land leaders hundreds spanish explorers landed shores mexico spaniards gunpowder suits armor horses battle
united states wanted colony lay north mexico war broke mexico united states mexicans fought land outnumbered war northern colony texas mexico utah arizona california nevada part colorado wyoming war treaty countries united states promised mexicans owned land united states stay lands wished united states citizens stayed citizens able lands find papers needed prove land english language tricked signing papers gave land strangers mexico revolution revolution hoping find peace united states mexicans border find stay stayed united states citizens today descendants mexicans live united states teachers doctors stores factories railroads farms ranches chicanos things united states outstanding farming mining forefathers discovered trails southwest trails later highways railroad lines chicanos helped build
stood gazing acre farm wasn jumping hot hottest remember turned children bright side things pond bought bit muddy wet let jump cool soon swimming clothes gave signal took running jump moment dry spell struck landed acre dry earth pond evaporated surprising boys jumped headfirst seen legs kicking air pull earth carrots girls holding noses moment ran topsoil fingers farmer heart skipped beat pond bottom felt soft rich black silk dear melissa called look topsoil rich bank sudden fever excitement rich topsoil cry seed dear melissa sack dried beans chester fetch saw need bother plowing field directed polly draw straight row stick tim follow poking holes ground
teddy lived york city school winter summer played doors fun water turned streets hot fun ice cream bell rang teddy mother give money don job brother george asked earned money age job fine idea teddy saw notice boy wanted tailor shop brown couldn deliver dragging floor bradley hardware store orders carried flights stairs couldn heavy teddy saw boy named roy eating ice cream knew roy shined shoes shoeshine boy asked easy roy answered fix box buy brushes polish cloths brown black shoes find spot lots buy things teddy asked hardware store roy answered call shine shine wants shine say mister want shine roy called yes idea
mississippi river gray possum lived hollow log afraid crawled log waited afraid things afraid hawks owls bobcats foxes afraid ran log knew things afraid afraid mice snakes birds eggs berries ate rain fallen river water rose spread farther banks possum looked food found eat looked tree grew river knew bird nest high branches climbed nest held branch feet swung tail look nest nest empty climbed looked berries looking feel footsteps ground knew coming hill afraid ran hollow log jefferson jackson sister rose mary hill look river look mississippi jefferson getting higher higher
linda parker twenty eighth floor san francisco apartment building squeezed field glasses closer eyes groaned helplessly station wagon parked front wheels turned wrong creeping steeper part street car home cold linda looking city seen car drive driver jump building front wheels caught linda eye knew turned curb helplessly driver stared wrong watched big truck station wagon moved wished mother hurry trying think saw movement looked closer child car farther caught sight black car white markings idea police call police put field glasses ran telephone called operator help voice linda give police sure need police operator yes hurry operator rang voice line san francisco police linda blurted seen window
boy named selim ten lived mud house small farm morocco mother father moonlight moonlight small friendly donkey black nose pale white coat moonlight selim helping father plow earth field held light plow handles steered soil father walked ahead pulled plow rope slung shoulder selim father tired stopped rest selim father wouldn plowing easier moonlight pulled plow father smiled yes selim easier donkey meant pull things meant carry loads selim sure moonlight pull plow asked ran house brought donkey help plowing selim father hitched pulling rope moonlight took grip plow handles selim white donkey moonlight pull moonlight pulled hard plow slid soil slowly stopped wouldn furrows soil plow nearly deep plant seeds
father cried omar pull plow big strong father shook head camel meant carry loads strapped side hump meant pull plows selim sure omar pull plow asked hitched pulling rope camel pull omar pull selim eagerly omar rolled eyes wickedly planted big flat feet wouldn move bent neck sideways hissed selim quieted whispering soft words ear omar began pull slowly faster omar field pulling plow selim looked saw plow cutting wide deep furrow soil father selim shouted joyfully omar plowing field selim turned omar started plowing furrow reached starting place selim father let rest gazed field furrows omar plowed saw wrong furrows twisting snakes field selim father asked camel plow selim nodded yes camel pull plow straight line selim father camel walk moonlight left front foot foot stepping forward front foot left foot stepping forward
grandma farm barn house poor couldn afford build barn cow sleep didn cold days angry wouldn give milk tried explain cow sorry wouldn listen cow mad won listen wind started blow blow harder harder blew leaves trees stronger stronger blew trees tie cow carried sailed sky big cow kite seen strong wind mad ran house threw big chunk firewood wind hurt stop think mean grandma thing saw big blue barn sailing air swished house settled barn didn doors shouted hey wind
hundreds famous doctors scientists united states working hard learn send outer space thought learned send safely space wanted sure send living animal bring alive study happened animal space flight scientists decided monkey room large animal nose cone rocket shoot animal space scientists pet shop squirrel monkeys monkeys arrived navy school trained care west job look animals studied doctors west looked monkeys cages monkey broke front cage reached hand hi west softly opened cage gently stroked animal plenty tender loving care monkey looked brightly west laughed call tender loving care tender loving care called short
clock morning friday hangar cape canaveral florida asleep bunk waken important alan shepard junior american space astronauts training alan shepard passenger space capsule atop huge redstone rocket astronauts help ways soon alan shepard shower ate breakfast doctor checked carefully sure ready space flight sick astronaut john glenn ready place alan shepard fine ahead step suiting put underwear astronauts wear space suits wires chest neck check heart breathing flight helped silvery space suit boots gloves white helmet part thirty pound suit tight leaks shepard climbed form fitting couch capsule
united states getting ready send astronaut orbit earth tracking stations eighteen set continents ships oceans aircraft carriers twenty smaller ships stationed sea ready pick capsule splashed cape canaveral worked huge atlas rocket capsule named friendship john glenn astronaut chosen flight february liftoff minutes capsule freed rocket astronaut weightless feel fine radio capsule turning view beautiful american orbit orbits alan shepard told mercury control center orbits planned times john glenn speed daylight night daylight circled earth africa eat malt tablets squeeze tube applesauce mouth swallowing food easy tossed head side side dizzy felt fine grew dark australia perth turned lights spread white sheets ground send light upward john glenn saw signal
browneyes glad tree strong branches leaves hidden felt safe spite fact close noisy cars finally evening homes cars drove quiet opening tree browneyes left tree look food browneyes found popcorn big wastebasket corner bread birds left front library home night babies born days browneyes busy feeding babies heard roars growls soon babies eyes opened began move looked opening tree noise babies watch cars going peek passed noticed family tree owned shoe store saw heads move watch shop told salesman look living tree salesman walked tree looked squirrels nest think busiest part city
tanga baby born inch body pink hair blind hind legs tail grown front legs tiny size strongest part paws sharp claws help joey job mother pouch tanga give help lick smooth path fur tiny baby climbed pulling front legs holding tight sharp claws weeks joey stayed inside mother pouch grown larger stronger mother forget living australia kangaroos herd looking food zoo food brought worries food baby joey months able lean pouch nibble grass soon climb hop goes pouch sleep wild kangaroo baby mother eye thought danger start leaps gather front paws passed tuck pouch safety
adam walked benjy house door cheery flew open door adam mouth dropped open saw cheery land pillow tuck head wing sh benjy kitchen adam word kitchen gee re lucky benjy robin benjy nodded lucky robin flew part dark cheery home pecked door benjy let flew pillow adam liked visit cheery home sunset don understand cheery knows home benjy morning cheery flew night flew summer cheery things benjy loved cheery settled pillow benjy patted soft feathers wanted bird cheery softly benjy fingers told robin loved benjy summer full friends sunny days frogs toads turtles grasshoppers fishing trips father corn cob beach trips dogwood berries turned red apples turned pink
hard realize large part science plays lives bertha titlow works job feed analyst feed analysts farming ranching big business high quality feed farm ranch domestic animals major part business miss titlow works samples gathered feed mills separate screen parts making sample microscope tell exactly feed matter fine ground distinguish parts feed analyst called animals sick job find toxic foreign substance present feed things kill animals analysts group samples gathered reference analyst identify substance group trys find answer working feed analysts help animals health winter harsh parts country stephen pree job keeps warm grower large city garden center grower pree responsible planting tending flowers grace city parks spring summer fall snow inside center flowers bloom
group chemists working research center united states department agriculture found substance super slurper called absorb thousands times weight liquid dr william doane heads group inventors working understand product want acts super slurper ago actually began mistake chemists looking water thickening agent left mixture acrylic fibers starch lab overnight group surprised mixture absorbed large amounts water turned water mushy gelatin substance super slurper areas coat seeds seeds planted dry soil grow roots plants coated substance help plants moist help prevent erosion include towels bandages oil spill recovery diaper students brookside elementary school columbus ohio practical lesson buoyancy direction teachers students part raft race students grades allowed enter join pairs pair build raft feet limit width raft paddles inches
atomic theory matter states matter small particles particles called atoms properties substance depend kinds atoms atom smallest part element properties element suppose divide element pieces continued divide piece smaller smaller pieces finally extremely small piece divided properties element extremely small piece element called atom atoms small seen smaller parts particles basic understanding atom electron proton neutron electron negative electric charge small mass zeros electrons combined mass gram proton mass times mass electron positive electric charge size electron negative charge neutron slightly larger mass proton charge protons neutrons nucleus atom nucleus center atom atom mass positive charge electrons move nucleus motion electrons rapid form cloud negative charge nucleus
laughed silent movies show funny looking air machines person pedaling cross bicycle airplane hope airborne humans held dream eighteen tried build plane human powered prize thousand dollars offered person able design plane complete special course course figure mile plane clear ten feet ground start finish lines recently california designed built successful human powered craft dr paul maccready based design flights hang gliders indoor model planes built large light slow flying machine gossamer condor machine called powered pedaling young bryan allen picked pilot maccready plane train months top condition training able pedal hp fly course larger prize offered area win human powered plane fly english channel today space flight trip easy eighteen accomplish
machines health treatment areas dentists high speed drills teeth cleaning tools eye doctors machines test eye muscle disease hospitals machines monitor heart problems machine built medical purpose designed biomedical engineer major health field engineers designing artificial limbs organs arms legs hip knee joints body structures replaced biomedical engineer design structure job real body part person artificial leg needs walk climb stairs bend engineer able legs things engineers designing hearts muscles machine circulate body blood short trying artificial heart replace damaged hearts engineers designing muscles arms legs replace parts body legs muscles hearts chance live longer cerebral palsy condition caused brain damage condition problems muscles victims stop muscles moving muscles move kinds need help audrey whitaker person help occupational therapist audrey job develop strengthen clients muscles
learn earth study rocks knowledge earth rocks finding resources coal oil uranium gems hot steam kinds rocks area provide clues searching minerals sudden shifting rocks earth crust earthquakes reason scientists study rocks learn history earth inside earth question hard answer geologists inside earth study properties earth study earthquakes geologists proposed theory earth internal structure geologists believe inside earth divided sections core mantle crust core center section earth consists outer region core begins center earth km earth surface thickness km scientists believe core mainly solid iron nickel solid metal core exists pressures hot temperatures temperature hot outer core surrounds core thickness scientists think outer core liquid iron nickel outer core cooler core
paths wind changed earth rotation winds shifted course straight north south direction winds traveling north northern hemisphere deflected east winds blow west east known westerlies west winds blowing south northern hemisphere shifted veer west southern hemisphere winds deflected opposite northern hemisphere winds blowing north southern hemisphere deflected west blowing south east swift forceful winds blow west east high altitudes earth strong winds called jet stream planes flying contact jet stream pilots flying west pacific ocean japan report strong westerly winds jet stream winds strong reduce airplane speed km hr airplanes headed east high altitudes speeded flight jet stream high speed tail winds allow fuel complete flight sooner jet stream compared high pressure flow water hose nozzle suppose hose held submerged pointed direction flow slow moving stream fast moving water hose represents jet stream
cold front moves faster warm front cold front catch warm front cold warm front contact produce occluded front warm front pushed upward cold front result large amounts warm air cooled rise condensation occurs quickly rising air heavy clouds form precipitation form rain snow occurs clouds weather forecasting aids cloud collection water droplets ice particles air formed water vapor cooled changed water drops ice crystals clouds formed height km tiny drops liquid water km clouds ice crystals height air temperature freezing ice crystals range size mm diameter cloudiness cloud cover measured amount sky covered clouds scale cloud cover divided tenths tenths means half sky covered clouds terms clear scattered broken overcast describe cloud cover amount cloud cover affects sky instance clouds difficult airplane pilot airplanes clouds air travel unsafe planes special equipment
property seawater temperature average water temperatures surface ocean range arctic ocean tropics surface water temperatures vary season season north atlantic north pacific oceans waters equator temperature seawater temperature varies ocean depth deep ocean water colder surface water deepest parts oceans water temperatures remain close freeze salt content water ocean bottom water denser surface water colder rich dissolved material mix easily surface water temperature major factor marine plants animals living things warm tropical waters tend grow faster shorter spans living colder waters tropical marine reproduces earlier frequently kinds animals live cold water live warm water ocean currents huge streams water flow defined boundaries gulf stream instance warm swift current atlantic ocean flows gulf mexico florida cuba sweeps northward east coast united states nantucket island
flower modified branch bears parts reproduction parts surrounded specialized leaves called petals petals flower rose brightly colored plants grass small flowers seen flower parts sepals stamens pistils sepals green leaflike structures underside flower enclose parts flower flower bud opens support opens stamens pistils reproductive parts flower stamen produces pollen tiny grains nuclei reproduction pistil produces egg cells inside ovule enclosed ovary flowers parts sepals petals stamen pistil called complete flowers rose lily cherry blossom complete flowers flowers missing parts incomplete flowers plants stamens pistils formed flowers incomplete flower stamens pistils corn plant pistil bearing flowers form ear stamen bearing flowers form tassel species willow meadow rue pistil bearing flowers grow plant stamen bearing flowers grow plant types plants present species reproduce plant produces pollen plant produces eggs pollen produced stamen carried wind water flying insect pistil
million species belong animal kingdom learn complete structure animals impossible task study species earthworm grasshopper frog earthworm simplest body system frog complex grasshopper study systems activities animals help understand nature animal acre land earthworms single earthworms acre bring tons soil surface twenty add cm layer topsoil field earthworms raised fish bait farmers fields increase soil fertility earthworms burrow underground feed surface decaying leaves organic matter habit coming night explains commonly called night crawlers areas soil freezes winter earthworms burrow deeply frost line burrow soil surface earthworm body cylindrical tapered end underside flat light colored body earthworm divided ringlike segments tiny bristles body segments help earthworm pull ground burrow tried pull earthworm ground tightly bristles cling earth
hemoglobin blood frog cells called red blood cells red blood cells carry oxygen white blood cells fight disease germs blood important excretion wastes carbon dioxide produced cells carried lungs blood expelled lungs breathing blood carries organic wastes excess mineral salts water produced cells wastes filtered blood kidneys urea organic waste nitrogen results protein growth repair body tissues liquid waste removed kidneys called urine urine water urea mineral salts excreted cloaca frog frog brain spinal cord central nervous system spinal cord thick bundle nerves runs backbone nerves brain spinal cord organs body frog nerves return organs central nervous system nerves brain controls activities frog eyes frog eyes muscles attached eyeball rotate eye socket eye connected nerves brain frog sees things black white color frog external fleshy ear eardrum surface head
topsoil ruined ways erosion growing crops removes soil minerals minerals soil mainly minerals present rock soil removal minerals lessens soil fertility soil fertile minerals returned soil elements needed large amounts plants elements nitrogen phosphorus potassium elements needed minute amounts plants called trace elements plant differs trace elements needed instance tomatoes beets need trace boron zinc growth potatoes need zinc crops corn cotton tobacco wheat require large amounts minerals crops rapidly lower mineral content soil farmers grow crop field south cotton grown practice called crop system farming crop farming reduces soil fertility minerals removed soil rainfall reduces mineral content topsoil soak water dissolves minerals carries subsoil benefit growing plants removal minerals topsoil water called leaching leaching reduces fertility organic matter soil grass covers help prevent leaching soil frozen winter minerals dissolved washed
air pollution reduced remove solid unburned particles formed fuels burned filters smokestacks remove particles burn fuels completely reduces amount waste gases industries burn natural gas coal oil natural gas burns completely releases fewer wastes air pollution problem supply natural gas decreasing gas place oil coal electric power plants large amounts fuel release sulfur dioxide air air pollution reduced nuclear energy produce electricity nuclear power plants release air pollution produce large amounts heat heat damaging environment released possibility radiation escape result accident hydrocarbons carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides main pollutants automobile exhaust devices developed help reduce auto exhaust pollutants device increases amount air gasoline air mixture engine makes gasoline burning complete device reduces amount hydrocarbons released crankcase crankcase bottom engine device moves waste gases crankcase cylinders burned catalytic converters attached exhaust pipes
states game laws protect wild animals laws restrict months animals hunted limit number animals killed hunter areas fishing allowed seasons size weight number fish regulated effective game laws enforced conservation departments raise game birds fish stocking fields streams trout bass fish species raised fish hatcheries shipped special trucks lakes streams released states young pheasants raised sold sport clubs stocking land members hunt wildlife refuges areas wild animals habitats protected special efforts provide water protective cover winter feeding refuge refuges hunting trapping allowed hunting limited wildlife refuges owned managed national governments refuges owned controlled private groups yellowstone national park wyoming federal wildlife refuge killing wildlife forbidden park protected resources credit efforts early conservationists federal government operates wildlife refuges national wildlife refuge system refuges maintained united states fish wildlife service
atoms share electrons covalent bonding form units matter called molecules molecules atoms element gaseous elements form diatomic molecules hydrogen atoms tend strongly combine hydrogen atoms oxygen nitrogen chlorine form diatomic molecules diatomic molecules involved chemical reactions living organisms represent molecule hydrogen bond molecule single bond hydrogen atoms share pair electrons molecular chlorine single bond oxygen molecule oxygen atoms share pairs electrons pairs electrons shared molecular nitrogen atoms elements combine form molecules covalent bonding molecule water hydrogen atoms form bonds oxygen atom bonds single bonds hydrogen atom oxygen atom share pair electrons energy break bonds release hydrogen oxygen atoms kind compound ionic compound ionic compound sodium chloride table salt nacl table salt form crystals hand lens crystals small cubes salt crystals molecules answer covalent bonding involved
cytoplasm organized structures called organelles means organs organelles seen light microscope known electron microscope kind organelle part specific chemical activity later describe chemical activities detail deal mainly structure makeup location organelles high power electron microscope shows tiny grainy structures attached endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes ribosomes large amounts rna substance closely related dna enzymes protein synthesis fact evidence points ribosomes protein factories cell smallest cell structures function important electron microscope shows details rod shaped organelles called mitochondria centers respiration cell energy supports cell activities released mitochondrion membranes layer protein molecules layer fat molecules membrane forms folds points folds called cristae increase surface area membrane mitochondria enzymes split organic molecules transfer energy compounds compounds energy released cell cytoplasm cells rounded organelles called lysosomes lysosomes smaller mitochondria single membrane
animal cells cell walls plant cells animal cells turgor pressure build point osmosis stops water simply continues diffuse cells cells rid water swell burst celled organisms live fresh water special organelles known contractile vacuoles vacuoles tiny pumps constantly pushing extra water cell membrane structures cells soon burst fish water animals breathe gills large amounts water animals extra water removed excretion form urine human beings kidneys sweat glands lungs help remove extra water nature water minerals dissolved substances lowers concentration water molecules resulting lower diffusion pressure distilled water hand percent concentration water molecules celled organisms distilled water swell burst contractile vacuoles overcome rapid osmosis caused high diffusion pressure distilled water place drop blood distilled water thing happen cells quickly swell burst bursting cells caused pressure called cytolysis remember cell control osmosis direction water diffuses depends concentration water molecules inside cell
animals carry gene combinations found population suppose animals breed native animals area native animals gene combinations found gene pools mixed traits result gene combinations remember migration animals environment traits caused mutations gene combinations offspring likely survive environment end members population traits migration opens door change natural selection kind change result migration seen camels thought camels developed north america early camels migrated asia land bridge believed existed migrated south america migration continued camel ancestors spread large part ice age camel populations areas died camels survived widely scattered areas area developed african camel hump area evolution produced asian camel humps modern animals look suited dry environment early camels survived mountains south america
study moves viruses bacteria relatives living cells simplest level fact bacteria form earth biologists believe bacteria existed photosynthetic green plants early bacteria energy iron sulfur nitrogen compounds sun geologists think deposits iron ore today resulted bacterial action billions ago later green plants arose began building stores organic compounds kinds bacteria developed compounds food bacteria invaded tissues plants animals bacteria developed live bacteria survived ages today common form planet small seen naked eye live bacteria air water soil foods bodies plants animals fact environment support population bacteria science names stand biology louis pasteur mentioned pasteur vaccine rabies defeat theory spontaneous generation remembered works fact represent small part total achievement
chemistry biology plays major role modern medicine chemotherapy specific chemical compounds destroy pathogenic organisms harming host early development chemotherapy owes brilliant german chemist paul ehrlich ehrlich spent trying find drug kill syphilis organisms blood damaging blood parts body attempts failed finally succeeded drug arsenic compound called salvarsan treating syphilis penicillin german scientist gerhard domagk discovered red dye prontosil effective killing germs drug save daughter dying streptococcus infection later learned power prontosil lay part called sulfanilamide important drug family known sulfa drugs treating diseases sulfa drugs dangerous advice doctor chemicals called antibiotics produced living organisms unlike drugs chemotherapy antibiotics treating infectious diseases today penicillin known antibiotic discovered accident sir alexander fleming scotland fleming working cultures staphylococcus bacteria cultures noticed fluffy masses mold growing
spring warms land temperate climates bud scales lengthen quickly bud opens cells shoot apex elongate shoot rapidly grows longer nodes compressed bud separated elongating cells internode stem grows unfolding telescope growth rates vary stem grow centimeters weeks shoot grows terminal bud makes stem axis longer grows lateral bud forms branches terminal buds grow lateral buds called apical dominance biologists learned chemical substances called growth hormones terminal shoots grow hormones slow stop growth lateral buds discuss hormones chapter twenty let say young tree terminal bud strong apical dominance tree main stem grow lateral branches tree called excurrent growth habit words trunk extends tree central shaft smaller lateral branches form intervals trunk pine spruce hemlock redwood kind growth habit result straight trunks timber hand cottonwoods willows elms kind branching trees lack strong apical dominance
pollination transfer pollen anther stigma plants pollen goes anther stigma flower pollen stigma flower plant known pollination flowers separate plants involved called cross pollination cross pollination pollen carried agent insects wind water act agents flowers adapt curious ways cross pollination common insect pollinators bees moths butterflies bats birds kinds flies act agents cross pollination insects flowers search sweet nectar secreted glands base petals bees swallow nectar honey stomach mixed saliva turned honey bees return hive store honey honeycomb later food bee plump hairy body makes ideal pollinator crawls flower nectar body rubs anthers flower opening flies flower pollen rubs stigma supply pollen brushes flower brightly colored petals sweet smell flowers aid insects locating
pharynx tube ventral surface animal extended tube sucks microscopic particles including tiny organisms clean water live eating organic matter called scavengers food drawn digestive cavity enters main branches intestine passes side branches food digested cavity intestine cells lining intestine cells lining intestine food particles digest food vacuoles digested food diffuses body tissues indigestible materials eliminated pharynx mouth opening planarian separate circulatory system cellular wastes collected tubules branch animal wastes leave tiny excretory pores surface worm body nervous system planarian highly developed animals studied mass nerve tissue functions brain lies eyespots anterior end nerves anterior region lead directly brain organisms bilateral symmetry arrangement nerves important worm moves anterior end part exposed chemicals water currents touch light heat planarian test environment moving conditions move direction
order apoda surviving legless amphibians tropics strange wormlike creatures order caudata urodela includes amphibians tails salamanders newts order familiar amphibians frogs toads members order salientia anura frogs toads lack tails adult stage makes amphibians animals undergo interesting transition live aquatic larvae adults live semiaquatic terrestrial today salamanders similar ancestors difference replacement skeletal cartilage bone familiar salamanders called lizards look similar bodies tails short legs salamanders soft moist skin claws lizards hand bodies covered scales claws toes characteristics reptiles found amphibians salamanders protection enemies skin glands secrete bad tasting substances colored pigments change surroundings helps camouflage salamanders survive dry areas found damp logs stones found swimming water salamanders range length centimeters meter united states giant salamanders represented american hellbender
turtles live land called tortoises hard shells slow moving strong feet claws walking land digging tortoises vegetarians live variety plant foods terrapins hard shelled freshwater turtles turtles food parts country true turtles large marine animals limbs form flippers animals adapted swimming ocean convenience refer forms turtles turtles changed million turtles appeared jurassic period lizards dinosaurs turtles armor unusual body structure successful animals survived reptile species turtles development turtles reversed trend vertebrates move water land ancestors land animals explain turtles live land water dwellers turtles reptiles land lay eggs turtles special adaptations helped survive lower upper shells protect suits armor turtles draw heads feet armor covering shell turtles move slowly adaptation protection main key success
birds species lay numbers eggs young species developed degrees hatch type parental care young bird differs species precocial birds including ducks geese quail grouse turkeys fowls lay eggs precocial birds wood duck nest ground incubation begin egg laid incubation period longer smaller birds young fully developed hatch hatch hours soon able leave nests stage follow parents feed young birds cluster wings mother warmth protection altricial birds include robins thrushes sparrows warblers lay fewer eggs incubation begins egg laid incubation period shorter weeks young birds hatch weak helpless nearly featherless warm fed nest remain nest feathered ready fly means parents constantly busy tasks attention increases chances young birds survival protection helps insure survival smaller number young
mentioned earlier group organisms kind called population number organisms population change season season ecologists measure count number individuals large area times number find area called population density knowing population density important valuable information help understand numbers kinds grasses field change times information graze cattle natural pastures destroying game laws based population studies careful management commercial fisheries pest control depends deal population studies density studies obviously ecologists count clover plants field select areas large give representative sample actually count number plants area organisms distributed evenly density studies help answer important questions uneven distribution factors uneven distribution populations vary cattle grazing clover population decrease answers questions help restore ecosystems damaged help prevent future damage happens organisms ecosystem favorable development
tree falls forest succession begins type succession takes succession begin humans change makeup ecosystem putting rocks bay breakwater sinking piles pier begins process succession let process succession occurs begin section bare soil open area area cleared fire cut trees reseeded abandoned agricultural field located broad forest eastern united states beech sugar maple forests grew land organisms grasses open field plants plants seeds dormant soil carried animals winds organisms dominate area called pioneers meadow produced pioneers meadow dominate region seeds elms cottonwoods shrubs find meadow marks beginning forest larger plants shade shorter grasses field plants environment changing open field open low woods woods soon shady seedlings trees shrubs area slowly continues change stage succession begin arrival seeds trees oak ash
radioactive particles pollute air particles carried distances air currents atmosphere settle earth fallout radioactive particles remain upper atmosphere return earth nuclear explosions atmosphere produce strontium radioactive material eventually settles earth soil plants plants eaten animals happens strontium deposited flesh milk bones animals humans eat contaminated animals result strontium deposited human bones level concentration reached strontium radiations destroy tissues cancer death radioactive materials closely supervised nations agreed test atomic devices atmosphere atomic warfare part radioactive pollution major disaster natural ecosystem sun energy trapped living plants energy stored plant tissue energy moves food web eventually energy released heat natural ecosystem inflow energy sun limits activities natural ecosystem energy receives ecosystem remain limitations order survive human technology natural energy flow
rider settled boots stirrups grabbed rope left hand let em rip yelled gray horse exploded chute leaped high air landed stiff feet hit ground hard rider jarred held tightly reins feet loose stirrups horse twisted spun reared couldn shake rider saddle ten seconds passed ride cowhand stayed past limit event part rodeo rodeo show cowhands perform acts horsemanship roping rodeo means roundup spanish days ranch hands held contests test skills wild horses broken ranch cowhands horses ropes help brand cattle tests skills part modern rodeo main events part rodeo saddle riding bronco busting bareback riding steer wrestling calf roping bull riding prize money winners event famous rodeos frontier days cheyenne wyoming roundup pendleton oregon canadian national finals rodeo riding roping events dangerous torn muscles chipped teeth broken bones common spite dangers rodeo performers seldom quit
perfect body arnold schwarzenegger believes living statue deny arnold proof build body weight lifting sculptor makes statue arnold built body fills screen movies movies deal body building arnold feet inches tall weighs pounds biceps muscles arms inches measure biceps compare arnold athletes develop skills playing sport soccer football arnold wasn interested wanted develop body fullest drew picture perfect body set body look picture began pumping iron pumping iron means forcing body lift heavy weights body strains weight lifter relaxes body blood rushes muscles body feels swelling feels pumped feels skin explode arnold says putting iron body arnold trained hard weights champion body builder europe united states finally won title olympia champion body builder united states defeated retired unbeaten worshipped public
everyday millions plants eaten humans animals plants products earth unlimited supply plants plants survive survival plants important living things earth plants important earth food animals plants oxygen air animals breathe body food eat plants eat animals feed plants need plants live plants food plants food process called photosynthesis photosynthesis means put light plant makes food putting things light sun plants material called chlorophyll material plants green color light shines plant chlorophyll traps light energy plant combines gas called carbon dioxide water plant combines light energy carbon dioxide water sugar oxygen photosynthesis plant makes food photosynthesis plant makes oxygen extra oxygen released air plant makes food needs live extra food stored plant plant stores food ways stores food form sugar sugar sweet taste parts plants sweet
seeds form place flower pistils stamens longer needed begin die apples apple tree seeds ovary seeds form ovary continues grow ovary wall call fruit fruit important forming plants fruit seeds seed plant peaches grapes watermelons apples sweet juicy fruits corn tomatoes peanuts peas kinds fruit fruits taste eaten animals seeds eat broken body pass animals body happens distance parent plant happen seeds fell ground started grow parent plant plants sunlight water animals eat fruit help scatter seeds places conditions plant start grow fruit tasty cocklebur fruit cockleburs eaten cocklebur sticks animal fur cocklebur seeds transported miles seeds popped plants popped travel seeds carried wind water seed reaches favorable environment plant begin grow
eat roots plants beets carrots examples stems plants asparagus celery foods leaves cabbage lettuce spinach plant parts eaten eat fruits seeds plants fruits eat food plants parts plants everyday products products plants call plants raw materials trees raw material products lumber paper furniture houses model airplanes invented throwaway paper clothing places sugarcane grown chew raw plant food energy raw material sugar sugarcane sugar beets sweeten food give energy research find products raw materials plants cotton clothing cotton cloth cotton plant plants dyes color cloth ago kings nobility obtain purple cloth clothing purple cloth hard material dyed purple kings wear color research find answers questions drugs plants drugs substances help body parts plants stop bleeding
understand important sun facts sun think earth depends sun sun greatest source natural light sun supplies heat energy sun important daily lives sun affect daily look sky clear night twinkling lights lights objects space called stars stars tiny light rays stars pass outer space atmosphere atmosphere refracts bends light rays stars twinkle sun star sun look tiny twinkling light closer stars sun kilometers sun shaped ball sphere size kilometers diameter sun stars sphere glowing gases temperature surface sun sun produces large amounts light heat energy scientists believe sun produce energy billions scientists sure happen scientists think sun dimmer smaller produce energy receiving light heat affect today
planets travel sun special paths called orbits planets motion moving objects tend move straight line movement keeps planets falling sun moving objects travel straight line planets orbit sun sun special force force called gravity pull sun gravity keeps planets space objects orbit pull sun gravity balances outward push space object movements astronomers scientists ancient astronomers studied stars learned things instance observed stars hold position night night space objects slowly changed position objects planets traveling sun orbits ancient called moving space objects wanderers word wanderer planet word today mercury smallest planet closest sun side facing sun hot surface temperature reach mercury covered mountains craters atmosphere mercury rotates earth days means mercury equal days earth makes complete orbit sun earth days think favorite holiday occur mercury earth exist mercury venus planet sun
mars fourth planet sun called red planet reddish colored soil surface mars atmosphere seasons similar earth spacecraft pictures information mars scientists earth found mars mars orbits sun days minutes longer earth mars satellites moons called phobos deimos jupiter largest planet eleven times larger earth jupiter lasts ten earth hours daily temperature takes jupiter orbit sun jupiter colored bands colored bands frozen gases bands change jupiter large red spot red spot times size earth position appearance scientists kind matter makes red spot saturn largest planet solar system think beautiful planet saturn bright rings seen telescope rings millions small solid particles rings orbit saturn saturn ten satellites takes saturn earth complete orbit sun saturn cold planet problems saturn
things animal survive environment animals able survive environment animals able live environment animal able find food protect order survive environment helps animal survive environment adaptation body coverings body parts important adaptations body coverings kind adaptation body coverings help animal survive environment types body coverings feathers kind body covering fern leaf leaflike parts feather attached center shaft part joined closely small hooks air pass feather outer feathers bird called contour feathers soft fluffy feathers bird warm called feathers layer skin type body covering human body protective covering skin skin covering protect humans cold temperatures hot temperatures humans learned ways add protection earthworm outer covering layer moist skin layer skin thin offer protection body earthworm important adaptation animal
polar bear lives cold environment subzero temperatures ice snow blizzards unusual polar bear dive ice cold water find food thick fur adaptation cold environment zoos warmer climates polar bears polar bear survive zoo located warmer climate layer soft fur porcupine quills growing body quills sharp hooked end quills protective adaptation investigating discover animal adapted porcupine prey soft animals protected hard covering called shell shell completely surround animal shells clams snails examples shell safe place animal snail clam pulls inside shell protection disadvantages shell protective covering outer covering turtle shell turtle shells hard bony plates connected turtles able pull heads legs inside shells turtles adapted environment live temperatures cold happen turtle cold environment body parts animals adaptations adaptations survival animal
claws body parts adapted survival cats bears claws cat claws capture hold food cat retract pull claws discuss cat claws obtaining food protecting bear claws obtaining food bear claws open beehives obtain honey bear claws digging research discuss ways bear claws bear protect claws hands hands adaptations hands adaptation survival hands claws cats bears large pointed teeth upper lower jaws teeth biting pieces food flatter teeth chewing grinding biting teeth mouth grinding teeth snake specially adapted teeth mouthparts snakes special sacs upper teeth harmful liquid called venom venom poisonous liquid snake poison bites poison stun kill venom adaptation important adaptation snake curved shape fangs helps move food snake mouth swallowing important snake chew food snake jaws special adaptation
full sounds sounds kind sounds ears shaped catch sound waves sound waves travel air liquid solid sound waves enter outer ear canal travel reach eardrum sound wave starts eardrum vibrating happens sound wave enters middle ear bones drawing unusual shapes called hammer anvil stirrup hammer anvil stirrup move vibrate send sound waves ear ear shaped snail shell filled liquid tiny nerve ends sound waves move liquid nerve ends vibrate nerve ends send signals main auditory nerve nerve leads straight brain brain tells important things sound hear things sounds energy low volume sounds low volume hard hear happens eardrum ear catches sound wave energy help want hear soft sound sounds animals hear hear humans hear sound produced object vibrates times
oceans provide things ways ocean earth covered ocean divide equal parts parts water part left dry land cities meadows deserts forests cover small part earth land fill ocean earth surface covered ocean water water cover km deep agree oceans largest atlantic pacific indian oceans arctic ocean located earth north pole antarctic located earth south pole locate oceans map globe travel crossing land largest closest temperature ocean water north south poles water temperature warmer areas reaches surface water temperatures deep ocean water salt keeps ocean water freezing ocean water temperature slowly air land area covered ocean slowness water change temperature affects earth climate ocean keeps land air temperatures hot cold rapidly
ocean water motion waves common form motion waves caused wind earthquakes gravitational pull sun moon waves move high point wave crest low point trough happens waves land trough wave drags ocean bottom crest continues move forward say wave breaks shore white foam wave breaks shore called surf earthquakes set huge waves motion waves travel speeds hundred kilometers hour tidal waves tsunami open ocean tsunamis seen scientists track waves warn land find safe place tidal waves tsunami dangerous destructive reach land level ocean water coastline ocean level rises drops lower level rise fall ocean water levels called tide places difference high tide low tide noticeable places meter difference water level height tides depends depth shape ocean floor
cells type cells working form tissue muscle cells form muscle tissue bone cells bone tissue kind tissue formed nerve cells tissues tissue works tissues tissues task group tissues called organ eyes heart lungs stomach skin organs organs tissues tissues organs organs working system organ system part task entire system body systems working effect health growth body circulatory system heart blood vessels blood heart blood vessels hollow organs circulatory system pipeline transports blood parts body heart important unusual muscle skeletal system bone system supports body protects organs body part skeleton protects lungs lungs protected find parts skeleton protect body organs body system muscles muscles move parts body muscles walking running jumping body organs muscles
vitamins food substance vitamins stored body body needs daily supply vitamins important body full benefit foods eat vitamins need obtained eating balanced diet happen body receive vitamins foods shown picture sources important vitamins vitamins body vitamins minerals chemicals needed body skeleton teeth calcium body iron production blood salt helps control blood pressure water loss diet variety minerals health water important health body water part body live blood water digestive system water break foods enter bloodstream body loses water form perspiration body wastes water replaced ways replace water body loses balanced diet supply body materials needs health balanced diet everyday eat basic food groups food groups fruit vegetables cereals dairy products meats fish
sleep needed animals young need sleep adults young animals need sleep fully grown animals seen babies kittens sleeping scientists studying sleep habits sleep needs learned body systems slow sleep research body systems slow sleep systems increase activity lack sleep affect school personal cleanliness body healthy strong cleanliness fight disease bathing showering regularly habit form washing removes dead skin cells perspiration dirt surface body unbroken clean skin body defense disease proper foods daily care equals healthy teeth daily brushing teeth free decay causing food particles regular dental check ups help teeth condition important care teeth care body affect health feelings group fortunate seldom suffers tooth decay brushing flossing daily perfect checkups help dental expert united states studying ingredient found saliva called sialin doctor observed
themes named composition called theme runs basic central idea theme unifies paper logical subject encounter dominating idea mood suggest derive intensive concentration look room feel cheerful listen latest news decide depressing write theme describing room discussing news central idea foremost reader mind theme theme write theme objectives decide central idea working assignment instructor problem topic front task formulate central idea effect solution problem raised assignment study carefully notes describing major actions statements author stated idea develops note consider notes care try central idea basis observations conclusions let assume moment assignment specific problem theme question katherine mansfield story miss brill miss brill worth sympathy
understood applied principles thematic development thesis sentence organization faced problem write difficulty recognizing superior examples student writing difficulty understanding precisely constitutes superiority reason difficult perplexing questions ask write improve writing paper wasn grade improve grades questions emphasis concern improvement undergraduate offended told acquired deal knowledge understanding literature mind growing facts assimilate digest accumulate facts develop understanding find ease expression develop moment thoughts literature expressed read hard instructor explains understanding greatly increased develop ability understand instructor help succeed aim independent reader answer started trying overcome problem enrolled college
collected notes face fundamental problem exactly summarize problem simple glance experience students shown defects summary themes result apparently imperfect idea needed solve problem produce summary theme mind literary asked summarize major elements consider english novelist forster conveniently classified elements story main events details happenings chronological order plot reasons logic underlying story causing story form essence plot existence conflict opposing forces singly groups natural supernatural force conflict produces actions interactions culminate climax denouement words attention plot requires formulate idea story question course happens story events easily verified room interpretation subjectivity plot reasons characters things clear characters literature mean things equally deducible story
considering point view encounter problem discuss author voice speaker mask persona originator attitudes ideas author employing person point view problem speaker nick carraway huck finn holden caulfield talk speaker persona named face greater problem person points view safe discuss speaker author remembering author manipulating narrative voice voice author author write emphasizing phase personality speaker naturally ideas common author speaker statements inferential absolute tendency wander point view synopsis discussion ideas emphasize presentation events ideas presentation emphasize subject material bears consideration point view object interpret show point view enables interpret obviously talk material illustrate assertions point view
relationship setting character instances author emphasizes effect environment character giants earth melville story bartleby scrivener theodore roethke poem dolor aim theme subject type describe details setting select details bearing character speak effects questions lead topic tasks characters perform involve setting physical moral strengths tasks require weaknesses bring traits enable person adjust conditions prevail outlooks god nature characters traced specifically environment difficult easy god benevolent powerful harsh nonexistent nature enemy friend views justified terms envisaged story characters receive false impressions ignore aspects environment character traits traced soil mast sweatshop desk emphasize constantly interaction setting character relationship setting atmosphere structure action ideas
body paper show ways writer brought idea wish explore importance idea organization writer idea human hold respect main figure commit horrible crime show figure enduring painful expiation crime study importance idea characters eliot prufrock embodiment idea twentieth century deprived identity importance actions wordsworth crossed alps action showing idea high moments achievement human wish bring aspects theme difficult discuss fully selective choose discuss details essential clearly relevant easy illustrate point let detail end means asserting truth central idea start describing story move point actually started summarize remember central idea foremost reader mind unifying element theme idea mentioning
real sense studies literature directly indirectly concerned structure talk happy unhappy ending short story fact consider conclusion relation inevitably mention earlier parts story demonstrated characters earned deserved happened consideration touch logic story action subject structure similarly considering shakespeare sonnet observe quatrain compares speaker dead trees twilight dying extinguishing fire determine logical topical relationship quatrains discussing structure structure closely tied phases literary study ask structure unique theme ideas summary theme differ theme structure difference emphasis studying structure emphasize logic underlying major divisions analyzed summary theme emphasize events ideas cast reasonable plan organization theme ideas emphasize ideas importance apparent fact matter topic writing finished theme related structure major parts theme conveniently dictated organization
hardy principal aim strangers show warm kind human qualities wessex natives prominent story bring human kindness hardy demonstrates reactions natives series incidents clearly present conflict duty law duty human condemnation law crime eyes extenuated order create favorable impression justice external laws humanity obeyed hardy utilizes device suspense shows sympathies natives favorably disposed humanity stranger unfavorably disposed punitive law stranger controls attitudes natives controls emotions readers case credible hardy extensively describes natives characteristics strangers ambitious aims hardy successfully achieves opening story introduction human kindness natives section moves big natural scenery surrounding higher crowstairs general scene humanity house specific scene represented shepherd fennel wife hardy pains show perpetually human ways folk implication periods human history
symbol important term half metaphor simile part left vehicle symbol objective reality stands flag symbolizes aims aspirations nation george herbert poem collar collar collar clergyman stands christian religion christianity signifies objects commonly understood symbols mistletoe rings laurel bough water sea references objects symbols require emphasis explanation author writer develop symbols series works swift poem description morning reference wheel ruts street symbolizes swift general idea london worn grooved character symbolic figaro beaumarchais plays barber seville marriage figaro figaro barber symbol able servile aristocratic social political system eighteenth century france symbolism characterized deal modern literature william butler yeates worked constantly symbols gyre city byzantium james joyce fiction developed theory symbolism employed works idea epiphany radiance
connection vowel sounds familiar assonance employment close quarters identical vowel sounds words swift camilla skims cautious equating sounds deceived tree deceived true half maintain schwa sound sofa select isolated instances sound description assonance find words line include sound form pattern worthy mention instance assonance find word lines later includes word mentioned part pattern word pattern significant common poetic devices employ consonant sounds kinds alliteration commonly alliteration regarded repetition identical consonant sounds beginning syllables close patterns laborious heavy busy bold blind pensive poets painful vigil sparingly alliteration strength poem emphasizing key words comic consequences special kind alliteration consonance words repeated exact patterns identical consonant sounds live leave groaned ground terror terrier top tip grab grub
discuss rhythmical segmental techniques passage poem describe formal metrical pattern poet move naturally effectively confines poetic meter thought war meter successful placing important words syllables positions stress successful shaping meter subject matter suitable climaxes effectively control caesurae pauses occur haphazardly part controlled pattern variation formal substitutions occur pattern verse rhetorical variations occur achieved end serve discussing segmental aspects referring mainly assonance alliteration consonance onomatopoeia assonance alliteration apparent design emphasize important words design perceive continually recurring segments passage recurrence part plan consider closely related sounds relevant observe types sounds means achieving emphasis passage number sounds deserve mention instance poetic strength evaluate success passage prosody rhetorical situation
style understood mean writer employs words phrases sentences achieve desired effects distinguished structure concerned organization arrangement style loosely comprise writer entire craft theme concerned word narrow sense read literature aware style able describe style accurately finished reading main obstacle discussing style descriptive vocabulary embodying perceptions say style simply bad crisp elegant formal brilliant uneasy hope ask mean previous experience literature composition concerned style content result analyzing style experiencing weightlessness let grant style difficult describe analyze discovered critics reviewers sunday papers constantly praising condemning writers style desirability familiar approach style formulate opinions critics look
answer satisfactory inaccurate sentences thought meaning quotation answer satisfactory despite faults style shows knowledge conditions quotation delivered understanding general meaning quotation answer superior relates quotation swift satiric purposes gulliver travels shows lying actually perversion language reason distinguishing mark answer shows understanding thing clear sample answers superior answers written thinking originates entirely faced question thinking practicing exam answers obviously writer answer caught unprepared reduce surprise exam absolute minimum extended factual questions pose addition problem showing knowledge facts understanding significance necessity developed organization remember knowledge essay writing important quality composition inevitably determine part major share instructor evaluation answers minutes gather thoughts begin write ten minute planned answer preferable twenty minute unplanned answer
research distinguished pure criticism refers primary secondary sources assistance solving literary problem criticising pure simple consult front research consult works written shed light typical research tasks find historical period written prevailing climates opinions times modern earlier critics obvious amount research critical job theme literary looking words dictionary minimal job research supplemented reading introductions critical articles encyclopedias biographies critical studies histories fact point criticism research merge put job research perspective general students scholars research order uncover accumulated lore civilization lore knowledge presently exists compared large cone constantly filled beginnings mankind existence knowledge cone absolutely bottom narrowest point civilization progressed knowledge appeared cone began fill
common problem preparing writing research theme determine dependence sources base theme entirely sources attempt interpret argue ideas include theme extent include interpretations base text originally concern criticism commentary read major questions occur plan theme fact research alter form theme write principal difference write aid extensive research write aid ideas facts ideas caused theoretically difference type theme finally write write theme analysis specific problem study idea treatment point view imagery structure adding information sources theme real problem writing research theme integrate results coherent theme uniquely word problems research themes problems composition number methods employing research write
examine rubber sponge rock book observe object occupies space definite weight objects top high mountain moon amount matter contained object remains place universe weight varies place place measure amount matter object called mass laboratory mass object determined comparing mass known standard previously agreed equal arm platform balance shown fig find mass object placing side balance known mass masses sides balance mass object equal total masses platform familiar saying light air suggests air mass course cubic foot water rock metal greater mass weighs volume air easily determine mass volume air laboratory carefully balance globe similar shown fig leaving stopcock open attach vacuum pump remove air
electron negatively charged atomic particle proton particle equally strong positive charge mass neutron nuclear particle electric charge mass proton mass neutron nearly scientists identified thirty atomic particles cyclotrons atom smashing devices consider basic particles simplest atom common form hydrogen proton electron single electron pictured traveling path proton atoms elements electrons motion complex naturally occurring elements uranium total electrons rapid constant motion twelve additional elements produced scientists recent addition elements planetary electrons case atoms element number protons electrons electrically neutral excepting common form hydrogen atoms neutrons protons neutrons thought grouped closely central core nucleus electrons moving rapidly seen hydrogen simplest element element order complexity helium atom nucleus consisting protons neutrons shown fig
seen trucks carrying steel cylinders compressed oxygen oxygen vitally important hospital patients breathing difficulties astronauts pilots airplane passengers frequently dependent oxygen supplies high altitudes air rare supply oxygen regular breathing meet need modern planes pressurized cabins firemen rescue squads require gas masks tanks supply oxygen deep sea divers skin divers provided tanks compressed gases ensure adequate supply oxygen breathing fact oxygen slightly soluble water important fish marine dissolved oxygen respiration oxygen gas acetylene special torch produces intensely hot flame oxyacetylene torch powerful cut metals weld pieces metal equations reaction acetylene oxygen carbon dioxide water today large amounts oxygen needed industry modern steel mills tons daily blast furnace oxygen enriched air smelt iron ore rapidly process separating metal impurities ore called smelting iron converted steel rapidly burning impurities oxygen air space program requires quantities oxygen huge liquid fuel rockets launch satellites space vehicles lox liquified oxygen burn fuel oxygen space
hard water nuisance home major problem industries troublesome steam boilers hot water pipes crust called boiler scale deposited inside boiler pipes reducing effective size pipes scale deposit consists precipitated calcium carbonate deposits insulate boiler internally reducing efficiency heat transfer reason water softening practices vital industry steam electric generating plants carefully treated boiler water minimize boiler scale permitting efficient transfer heat paper mills supply water free iron compounds affect color paper calcium magnesium compounds water react materials give paper smooth glossy surface obviously removal compounds major concern paper industry soft water textile mills obtain exact shades color uniformly distributed dyeing yarn cloth hard water areas soapless detergents hard soft waters major advantage cleaning agents form insoluble scum calcium ions hard water detergents discussed chapter oceans resources nature mineral abundant fresh water reclaimed salt water
killed lack sufficient oxygen fish caught polluted spots eaten water birds feathers matted oil unable swim fly discharge hot water nuclear power plants rise thermal pollution lakes rivers nuclear reactors generate considerable amounts heat reduce intense heat water stream lake cool main steam condensers power plants water heated process discharged stream lake higher temperature causing commonly called thermal pollution slight temperature increase upset balance plant animal heat drive oxygen water warmer environment functions animal altered slimy algae grow rapidly heat polluted environment bacteria carry usual actions breaking organic waste material fish sensitive warm water fish tolerate warmed water increased temperatures prevent spawning egg hatching cooling towers air cooling spray ponds cool heated waters discharged main stream processes afford temporary relief thermal pollution problems water eventually thermal pollution atmosphere tell problem point water flowing rivers streams exposed air sunlight cleans
louis pasteur french scientist noted fermentation decay led development germ theory disease sterilization food controlled heat treatment pasteurization pasteur demonstrated making alcohol grain sugar beets fermentation caused minute organisms fermentation place proved organism absent unable grow properly showed milk soured adding organisms buttermilk beer remain unchanged organisms absent perplexing problems pasteur revival controversy spontaneous generation origination living organisms nonliving matter pasteur observed fermentation liquids hastened exposure air caused wonder invisible organisms present atmosphere spontaneously generated series experiments including filtering air exposure unfermented liquids clean air able conclude minute organisms causing fermentation spontaneously generated similar organisms contained ordinary air wine makers france found wine sour turning vinegar fermentation process begun pasteur discover kinds bacteria responsible spoilage bacteria present acids formed wine produced
leather material produced hides animals tanning soft supple delicate glove leather hard durable shoesole leather percent leather processed united states goes making footwear items leather handbags luggage wallets belts garments furniture coverings fresh hides preserved salting coarse grains sodium chloride process keeps skins decomposing awaiting shipment tannery processing tannery hides soaked cold water remove salt dirt particles salt dehydrating effect soaking restores moisture separate hairy fibers skin bath hydrated lime sodium sulfide bating operation making leather enzymes mixed wood flour digest hair roots protein matter adhering skin hides treated plant mineral tanning agents agents physical chemical skin turn leather sodium bichromate potassium bichromate small amounts alum commonly tanning agents cowhide principal material leather making square feet leather obtained average sized cow deer pig reptile sheep elk animals purpose
word petroleum derived latin petra meaning rock oleum meaning oil petroleum recorded early history primitive worshiped sacred fires resulting seepages oil natural gas fact chinese petroleum fuel early theory concerning origin petroleum product marine buried sediments millions ago scientists believe bacterial action marine organisms source petroleum heat pressure ages helped promote chemical action produced petroleum natural gas layers sedimentary rock covering nonporous rock prevent oil deposit gas escaping surface petroleum called crude oil important liquid material occurring earth crust slippery odorous mixture thousands compounds consists hydrocarbons compounds oxygen nitrogen sulfur included crude oil seldom comes directly ground separated variety products refining heat homes fuel oil extracted petroleum lubricating oils petroleum jelly paraffin wax thousands products obtained petroleum asphalt gasoline kerosene tar carbon important products refining process discuss refining process detail chapter
chapter defined force push pull chapter study nature forces related machines energy kinds forces moving object exerts pushing force touches think fast ball hitting catcher mitt bowling ball hitting pins moving objects exert pulling force cowboy ropes running steer animal exerts pulling force rope brought halt cowboy horse exerting opposing pulling force end rope easy visualize forces discussed object rest forces acting forces understand imagine rope lying motionless ground force acting let imagine boys pick rope begin tug war tug pull forces exactly equal opposite rope move forces equilibrium means combined forces acting rope exactly balance tell forces exist boys seen exerting
dams designed built purposes feasible purposes served dam major purposes considered building dam location control floods dam irrigation agricultural lands areas low rainfall control soil erosion development hydroelectric power improvement navigation facilities supply fresh water cities towns recreation preservation wildlife costly dams worthwhile especially serve purpose dam hold water reservoir meet round needs large community cities river valleys severe floods rainfall high excessive winter snow melts springtime dams help control rivers prevent flooding areas dam holding water allowing slower rate discharge artificial lakes created dams provide excellent recreational facilities nearby communities millions acres unused land grow food adequately irrigated dams help provide large volumes water timely irrigation wasted land areas design building large dam huge project requiring skills extending geologists study underlying rock formation assist engineers determining suitable site dam
transmission permits driver shift gears gear ratio mechanical advantage situation automatic transmission shifts gears automatically low gear driveshaft turns slowly engine supplies large torque rear wheels starting steep climbs clutch friction plates connect engine crankshaft driveshaft turn coupled rear wheels plates held tightly pressed steel springs driver depresses clutch pedal plates separated engine power transmitted rear wheels car gear neutral driveshaft connected rear axles differential set gears permits rear wheel turn independently differential car turn slipping car turns wheel turn faster gasoline engines change percent energy fuel cooling system exhaust gases friction rest energy contrast type steam locomotives efficiency low percent stationary steam engines efficiencies percent high speed steam turbines percent efficient gasoline engine started stopped moment notice
wernher von braun born germany interested rockets early age charge rocket development program german army ten huge rockets called completed end war ii missiles launched huge rocket building complex located path advancing russian army days war approximately scientists technicians hundreds captured soviet forces von braun group top scientists technicians crossed war torn country convoy unassembled surrendered american army original group worked von braun developing redstone missile united states army patterned operational later dr von braun gained american citizenship recommended redstone launch american satellite orbit earth proposal flatly rejected american satellite orbited russian satellite sputnik orbit october achievement russia sputnik spurred strong demands attempt american launch von braun recommended redstone chance turned
familiar typical flashlight cell carbon zinc cell produces volts simple manufacture devices operate low voltages recent newer types cells composition gradually developed type called alkaline cell positive pole manganese negative jacket zinc highly alkaline electrolyte primary advantage cell ability efficiently continuous high drain conditions conditions alkaline cells provide ten times service standard carbon zinc cells equal weight type nickel cadmium cell positive electrode nickel oxide negative electrode metallic cadmium potassium hydroxide electrolyte operating voltage volts efficient source energy established greatest advantage electrode reactions reversible respect lead acid storage battery automobiles cell recharged energy drained recharged times apparent breakdown components batteries greater capacity efficiency lithium nickel fluoride storage batteries materials ten times energy pound material lead acid batteries found cars energy output batteries listed table
electric current produced bar magnet thrust coil wire result achieved electromagnet source magnetism suppose coils insulated wire wrapped common iron core call primary coil connected dry cell switch primary coil closed iron core magnetized effect secondary coil magnet thrust rapidly current flows briefly secondary coil galvanometer called induced current device induction coil core fully magnetized current induced magnet held rest coil current induced secondary coil change occurs magnetic field secondary coil switch primary circuit opened galvanometer needle moves opposite direction core losing magnetism effect magnet pulled coil induction coil produce high voltage turns wire secondary coil higher voltage induced current fig secondary coil turns primary voltage secondary primary
television receiver large picture tube modified cathode ray oscilloscope electron beam thin pencil lead sweeps end tv tube brush makes strokes screen painting lines screen rapidly faded line drawn strength electron beam brightness spot light produces controlled varying strength radio waves induced television antenna waves modulated carry light pattern scene televised image scene tv receiver exacting problems television electron beam picture tube perfectly synchronized scanning beam tv camera addition radio waves sound audio part program synchronized picture video part synchronization accomplished separate radio signals programs color transmitted received blending primary colors red green blue separate cameras televise scene provided filter permits primary colors enter separate signals color picked broadcast telecast receiving end color tv picture tube electron guns producing electron beam primary colors
story young james watt interested steam power watching water boil teakettle fire plugged spout kettle lid rose observation eventually led watt improvements steam engines famous case observation energy related say weight lifted pull earth gravity later define carefully common word adequate lift lid teakettle plug spout steam lifts lid steam reason steam kettle capacity lifted lid steam energy energy quantity capacity conditions energy transformed mechanical units measuring energy units energy noticeable sense organs able detect presence forms eyes respond visible light ears detect sound energy special nerves sensitive temperature indication heat energy nerves respond electric energy scientists discovered forms energy addition detected sense organs
scientists term data refer numbers units information recorded measurements homework physics involve solving problems data provided problems ends chapters book objective data properly order find quantity required step solving problem kind list carefully data provided sure include correct symbol unit physical quantity symbol problem look inside front cover book appendix table record symbols correctly start continue working problem sure symbols check sure copied numbers significant figures case laboratory data needed obtained direct measurement experiments told measure instruments significant figures experiments decisions recording interpreting data physics mathematical skills acquired previous courses mathematics refresher chapter summary information skills arithmetic elementary algebra plane geometry trigonometry study physics
chapter largely discussed motion physical quantities study relationship forces motion bodies force physical quantity affect motion object push pull force force vector quantity requires magnitude direction point application description forces behave quantities represented vectors mks system measurement forces measured newtons relationships force mass motion clearly sir isaac newton laws motion bear aspects newton laws motion tested carefully controlled conditions repeated experiments observations led scientists believe laws universally true laws apply objects earth objects universe newton law motion deals motion body net force acting force acting body vector sum forces acting body word net refers situation body forces acting forces act balance body change motion
push spoon jar honey pull discover amount force needed pull molecules honey lick honey spoon realize force required pull molecules honey molecules spoon observation demonstrates cohesion liquid adhesion liquid solid relative strength forces determines occurs surface liquid solid clean glass rod dipped water removed water clings glass rod say water wets glass adhesion water molecules glass greater cohesion water molecules glass rod dipped mercury removed mercury cling glass cohesion mercury molecules greater adhesion glass cohesive forces vary liquids smaller liquids solids seen sewing needle razor blade floating surface water times dense water carefully surface remain close look water surface shows needle razor blade supported hollow water surface seen figure
english scientist robert boyle person investigate called spring elasticity air scientists knew compressed air performed experiments learn volume gas affected pressure exerted experiments boyle large shaped glass tube similar shown figure set apparatus stairwell laboratory oxford straight portion shorter arm meter length longer arm length twenty meters mercury poured tube fill bent portion tipping tube allow air escape small arm mercury levels adjusted mercury stand height arms boyle trapped column air short arm tube measured height air column assuming bore tube uniform boyle height air column measure volume air air atmospheric pressure mercury levels arms tube reading height mercury torricellian apparatus early style mercurial barometer boyle found pressure exerted atmosphere volume air successive steps boyle added mercury arm tube shown figure
heat added ice melt increases thermal energy molecules water amount heat evolved water freezes process reversible energy change freezing exothermic process gram water forms ice liberates approximately calories heat molecules water return fixed positions ice give form heat energy enabled slide reversible energy change ice water shown figure change ice water add cal change water ice cal precise heat fusion ice calg pure water carefully cooled disturbed reach temperatures low freezing water cooled normal freezing point supercooled piece ice speck dust added water freezing takes place rapidly temperature rises normal freezing point formation ice takes place readily dust foreign matter crystals ice form supercooling occurs foreign matter present
nearly natural light receive comes sun distant stars account extremely small amount natural light course moonlight sunlight reflected surface moon produce light artificial sources ways materials heated glow incandescent electric lamp molecules gas reduced pressure bombarded electrons produce light neon tube visible light fluorescent tubes results action ultraviolet radiations phosphors coat inside surface glass tubes firefly produces light means complex chemical reactions artificial sources light hot bodies radiate energy infrared region spectrum visible light energy thermal radiation emitted hot bodies depends temperature body nature surface temperature intense radiation emitted hot body wavelength cm infrared region electromagnetic spectrum temperature raised radiation emitted visible region body red hot bulk energy radiated infrared region temperature body raised intense emission remains infrared region blue visible radiation body white hot
amount light reflected surface object scattering unidirectional reflection depends kind material underlying surface smoothness surface angle light strikes ratio light reflected surface light falling surface called reflectance ratio commonly expressed percentage materials differ widely reflectance material highest reflectance magnesium carbonate white chalky substance reflects incident light practically complete scattering reflectance smooth surface silver negligible scattering black surfaces reflectances reflection sunlight mirror produces blinding glare rays sun reaching earth practically parallel angle incidence remain practically parallel reflected plane mirror reflection scattering reflected rays negligible called regular reflection polished specular surfaces regular reflection image luminous source sharply defined regular reflection narrow beam light direction appreciable loss definition intensity nature regular reflection shown figure regular reflection highly polished surfaces accurate control light rays searchlights beacons automobile spotlights concentrated light sources high intensity highly polished regular reflectors redirect light rays desired direction
index refraction homogeneous substance constant quantity definite physical property substance identity substance determined measuring index refraction instrument known refractometer butterfat margarine indexes refraction tests food testing laboratory determine butter mixed margarine measurement index refraction exceedingly high index refraction diamond furnishes conclusive tests identification light travels slightly faster outer space air light sun stars refracted enters earth atmosphere obliquely atmosphere denser earth surface ray light sun star striking atmosphere obliquely follows path suggested curve shown figure abrupt refraction occurs interface media optical densities atmospheric refraction prevents sun stars seen true positions directly overhead figure sun appears true position index refraction outer space air diagram greatly exaggerated show bending refraction sunlight earth atmosphere sun diameter higher
crystal suitably supported conducting circuit connected surfaces difference potential electricity flow circuit mechanical energy transformed electric energy transformation known piezoelectric effect crystal supporting mechanism called piezoelectric cell crystal microphones piezoelectric effect transform alternating pressure sound waves electric current varies pressure sound waves varies crystal phonograph pickup responds similar manner varying stress caused needle riding groove record piezoelectric effect reversible crystal experiences mechanical strain subjected electric stress alternating difference potential properly crystal mechanical vibrations proportional variations voltage crystal headphones reciprocal effect chemical reactions involve transfer electrons reactant reactions occur spontaneously sources continuous current chemical reaction electrons removed reactant number electrons added reactant reactants separated conducting environment transfer electrons place external circuit connecting reactants electron transfer continue reactants
small group semiconductors assumed considerable importance unusual variations resistance temperature potential gradient copper oxide rectifiers pass current potential difference applied direction opposite direction silicon germanium transistors substituted vacuum tubes electronic circuit applications extremely low temperatures metals exhibit unusual property resistance production low temperatures study properties materials low temperatures called cryogenics cryogenic temperatures generally considered boiling point liquid oxygen ultra low temperature research began liquefaction helium dutch physicist heike kamerlingh onnes boiling point liquid helium learned resistivity conductor function temperature expect resistivity temperature conductor drops conductor offers resistance passage electrons kamerlingh onnes found resistivity continue drop falling temperature gradually approaching resistivity materials specific temperature resistivity dropped suddenly temperature called transition temperature condition resistivity transition temperature material called superconductivity temperatures materials superconductive shown figure
william gilbert report experiments natural magnets published represents scientific study magnetism discoveries coulomb oersted ampere added knowledge behavior magnets nature magnetic forces physicists believe century begun understand true nature magnetism present view magnetic properties matter electric origin result movements electrons atoms substances electron electrically charged particle theory suggests magnetism property charge motion account energy magnetic forces known laws physics kinds electron motion important modern concept magnetism electron revolving nucleus atom imparts magnetic property atom structure atoms substance subjected magnetic force strong magnet force affects magnetic property opposing motion electrons atoms repelled magnet diamagnetism electron motion movement nucleus substances diamagnetic diamagnetic repulsion feeble action total mass substance kind motion electron spinning axis spinning electron acts tiny permanent magnet opposite spins designated minus spins electrons spinning opposite directions tend form pairs neutralize magnetic character
paragraph unified develops single clear idea writer unifying idea repeat sentence paragraph merely hint idea hoping reader guess close look typical expository paragraph suggest answer tremendous growth urban mexico past decades created problems country folk poured cities increasing stream search income living conditions schools accoutrements urban civilization belong environment learned techniques city accustomed impersonality urban society felt uprooted alienated lost cities lived gave impression cities composed wandering apparently rootless restless search destiny paragraph includes factual details movement mexicans countryside cities search higher standard living lack adjustment urban impact cities moved mean paragraph lacks unity unifying idea ties separate details john crow expresses unifying idea paragraph sentence called topic sentence
hours soviet council commissars met lenin chairmanship fantastic stream decrees began pour smolny seen program uprooted institution tradition russian abolition private ownership land nationalization banks merchant marine industrial enterprises stock market swept rights inheritance debts annulled gold declared government monopoly wages commissars pegged rubles month single additional payments families criminal courts supplemented replaced revolutionary tribunals president peasants workers soldiers citizen lawyer women declared equal law strict czarist code governing marriage divorce abolished civil marriage took place church ceremony divorce obtained party marriage merely asking titles submerged universal citizen comrade church permitted continue drastically truncated form lands enormous confiscated religious teaching forbidden schools religion leninism western calendar thirteen days ahead russian calendar declared law alphabet pruned letters signs
graduation strenuous lunch parents noon baseball game johnny watched interest innings dress banquet night celebrate boyden forty headmaster lasted hours johnny miss minute tramped lawn afterward classmate henry eisner holding hand record talk boyden graduating class class standing trees night grown chilly serenaded boydens front porch johnny outskirts massed pack boys looked suddenly exhausted slipped adults join inconspicuously standing mind rule loathed school afraid fall heard light silvery tenor chime voices song floated lawn echoed hiked infirmary johnny ran classmate won award congratulations snapped briskly events paragraph presented order happened lunch incident infirmary occasionally author present event chronological order highlight gunther result graduation strenuous highlighted class serenading boydens late chilly night
part recognition human night human breathing heard breathing wind sat awake novelty situation heard intervals foxes stepping dead leaves brushing dewy grass close tent musquash fumbling potatoes melons boat hastened shore detect ripple water ruffling disk star intervals serenaded song dreaming sparrow throttled cry owl sound hand broke stillness night crackling twigs rustling leaves sudden pause deeper conscious silence intruder aware rightfully abroad hour fire lowell judged night saw horizon blazing heard distant alarm bells faint tinkling music borne woods constant memorable sound summer night fail hear night afterward incessantly favorably barking house dogs loudest bark faintest aerial palpitation eaves heaven patient anxious mastiff timid terrier loud rapid faint slow imitated whisper wow wow wow wow wo wo
seen thousand times seen standing street corner saturday afternoon county seat towns wears blue jean pants overalls washed pale pastel blue color sky shower spring saturday wool coat coat left suit married wristbones hang sleeves coat tendons showing bone dry twist grapevine corded stove length hickory sapling find woodbox cookstove split chunks gum red oak big hands knotted cracked joints square horn thick nails hang loose wristbone clumsy homemade tools hung wall shed summer wears straw hat wide brim straw fraying loose edge winter wears felt hat black weathered streaks dark gray dull purple sunlight face bony jawbone drawn cheeks flesh jawbone nicked couple places unaccustomed razor drawn leather coarse skin tiny bit blood crusts brown nick
magnificent display color kingdom plants autumnal foliage trees north america clear light aspens mountain ash leaping flames sumac hellfire flickerings poison ivy warpaint oaks rise colors tree sugar maple shout army clearest yellow richest crimson tumultuous scarlet brilliant orange yellow pigments shining overpainting red foliage sugar maple outdoes unifies rest mighty marching melody rides crest symphonic weltering sea crying song meaning calculated dissonance orchestra properly planted england village sugar maples march hill white meetinghouse high school youngsters troop home laughing golden dusk falling glory lights shoulders postman swirls children roller skates drifts windows passing bus drop largesse laps passengers street maples arch letting shining benediction walk glory town cold pure ponds gaze skyward white crooked brooks run whispering sesquipedalian indian names maple leaves slant drifting water sink galleons painted sails spin voyages chance end reef feldspar hornblende winking mica schist
country road carrying south carrying snow filled landscape sullen gray december sky minute minute chain indiana dunes receded ahead bobbing ears horses catch glimpses blue white faraway ridges valparaiso moraine low bobsled tilted pitched frozen ruts bearded grandfather clung black strips taut reins braced felt booted feet widespread lurch short legs dangling seat gyrated wildly tail balance cat left lone oak grandfather dune country farm winter morning drive distant woods late weeks autumn grandfather busy felling trees cutting firewood going load wood taking drove familiar country past big red barn weed lot school house swung south crossed pere marquette railroad journeyed unexplored road ran traversing vast distances smell coming snow filled air eventually remember swung road kind lane fences soon disappeared rode open country wide undulating sea whiteness island bushclump
woodpile pile stumps observed large ants red larger nearly half inch black fiercely contending hold let struggled wrestled rolled chips incessantly looking farther surprised find chips covered combatants duellum bellum war races ants red pitted black frequently red black legions myrmidons covered hills vales woodyard ground strewn dead dying red black battle witnessed battlefield trod battle raging internecine war red republicans hand black imperialists side engaged deadly combat noise hear human soldiers fought resolutely watched couple fast locked embraces sunny valley amid chips noonday prepared fight till sun smaller red champion fastened vise adversary front tumblings field instant ceased gnaw feelers root caused board stronger black dashed side side saw looking nearer divested members
complex sentences sentences independent clause subordinate clauses subordinate clause group words subject predicate subordinate clause subject predicate function sentence job adjective adverb noun sentence clause modifies noun pronoun adjective clause modifies verb adjective adverb adverb clause serves purpose word noun noun clause subordinate clauses passage douglas selection creepy sounds coming grass irrigation ditch ran sidewalk wondered snakes lizards dread tarantula taught fear california maybe snakes sticking forked tongues steps house estrella adjective clauses passage clause adverb clause noun clause changing words slightly subordinate clause passage independent clause creepy sounds coming grass irrigation ditch ditch ran sidewalk wondered sounds snakes lizards dread tarantula
feeding safeguarding progeny insects spiders exhibit interesting analogies reasoning crass examples blind instinct case propose describe tarantula spiders archenemy digger wasps genus pepsis classic looks intelligence pitted instinct strange situation victim fully able defend submits unwittingly destruction tarantulas live tropics species occur temperate zone common southern varieties large powerful fangs inflict deep wound formidable looking spiders attack hold hand gentle bitten bite dangerous insects small mammals mice worse hornet sting tarantulas customarily live deep cylindrical burrows emerge dusk retire dawn mature males wander dark occasionally stray houses mating male dies weeks female lives longer mate succession paris museum tropical specimen living captivity female tarantula lays eggs single tarantula produce thousand young
acting easy profession elizabethan stage lightly actor strenuous period training entrusted important part city companies worked raised stage glare afternoon sun softening illusions achieved modern theatre plays strenuous demands skill fencer dancer acrobat london companies trained childhood art actor shakespeare entered profession twenties initial handicap overcome intelligence rigorous discipline known actor chettle says excellent initial advantages strong body voice taught hard school elizabethan theatre advantage famous london companies lord strange began career company tumblers standard production forces hercules half acrobatics training kind extremely actors normal london stage consisted levels battles sieges popular audiences upper levels stage town walls turrets actor violent falls damaging expensive costume
assistance writing mechanical accenting heavy rhyme elizabethan actor easy remembering part repertory system play days succession actor played part night opportunity settle comfortable routine lines part nature expect help prompter overworked individual chiefly occupied seeing actors proper order properties intricate stage arrangements controlled pulleys heavens springs trapdoors worked quick accurate timing stage effects naturally changed afternoon play extremely complicated single play greene lodge collaborated required descent prophet angel let throne woman blackened thunderstroke sailors coming wet sea serpent devouring vine hand burning sword emerging cloud jonah prophet cast whale belly stage production wrestle complications room actor remember lines actor forgot lines lasted highly competitive profession
writing poem follow essentially steps writing short story difference procedures number initial readings give poem feel understand write find poem requires readings closer analysis structure individual words story prepare writing poem read analyze poem understand meaning special poetic devices contribute total effect poem ready think finding topic composition general statement serves topic meaning poem picture feeling conveys poem poetic devices elements rhythm rhyme figurative language imagery word choice selected topic look poem sure support topic specific details poem satisfied list supporting details include list quotations words phrases lines want specific references poem composition listed details find helpful outline shows details actually intend order plan present
dinner night mike schofield house london mike wife daughter wife called richard pratt richard pratt famous gourmet president small society known epicures month circulated privately members pamphlet food wines organized dinners sumptuous dishes rare wines served refused smoke fear harming palate discussing wine curious droll habit referring living prudent wine say diffident evasive prudent humored wine benevolent cheerful slightly obscene nonetheless humored dinner mike richard pratt occasion mike wife produce special meal famous gourmet clearly exception moment entered dining room table laid feast tall candles yellow roses quantity shining silver wineglasses person faint scent roasting meat kitchen brought warm oozings saliva mouth sat remembered richard pratt previous visits mike played betting game claret challenging breed vintage
let ah yes wine bordeaux commune st julien district medoc difficult part vineyard st julien vineyards host rightly remarked earlier difference wine wine paused closing eyes trying establish growth half battle let wine obviously growth vineyard wine quality call radiance power lacking growth doubt host flattering bit careful careful picked glass took small sip yes sucking lips fourth growth sure fourth growth fact taste moment growth wine
fish sharks rays bones cartilage bones cartilage firm flexible substance body cartilage feel tip nose feel feel cartilage fish important food fish pets lives water fish seen tadpoles water tadpoles look act fish change frogs adults animals live part lives water part lives land animals called amphibians amphibians lay eggs water soon eggs hatch tadpoles tadpoles look small fish tails swim live water weeks tadpoles change lungs soon form legs animals live land tadpoles frogs amphibians cold blooded live water adult stage toads live land moist places important toads lay eggs water tell toads frogs adult frogs toads tails strong hind legs jumping frogs hind legs swimming look frogs water skin feels smooth toads bumpy dry skin live land lay eggs
animals backbones called invertebrates invertebrates pets zoo animals invertebrates land invertebrates include insects snails worms invertebrates live water look plants invertebrates classified groups sponges hollow animals worms mollusks spiny skinned animals arthropods sponges simple invertebrates body parts sponges live ocean groups sponge small holes body holes act sieve strains food sponge water small plants enter sponge holes sponge eats plants water leaves larger holes sponges look plants animals attach rocks ocean floor shapes plantlike look sponges sponges look fish sponges cut half throw half sponge water part regenerate animals regenerate regrow body parts missing sponges regenerate body parts cut seen jellyfish beach jellyfish animals hollow bodies jellyfish hydras corals sea anemones hollow animals jellyfish opening mouth mouth tentacles tentacles fingerlike parts help bring food mouth
spiny skinned animals tube feet tube feet tiny tubelike parts sticking body moving feeding feeling starfish tube feet open clams oysters hundreds tube feet pull shell clam feet grip hold shell soon clam tires holding shell closed starfish able inside shell eat clam arthropods animals skeleton jointed legs segmented bodies largest group invertebrates vary size shapes arthropods include beetles bees crabs shrimps spiders millipedes centipedes fourths animals arthropods live earth live water live land observe arthropod segmented body jointed legs legs special job legs moving legs feeling eating insects eyes feelers insects arthropods fly skeletons vary arthropods crabs lobsters thick hard skeletons bees moths soft covering arthropods molt skeletons molting shedding outer skeleton molting animal grow cicada grows big skeleton molts shell soon bigger shell grow fit bigger body
dress tomorrow week answers questions depend weather change weather change clothes big storm change stop trip weather affects important weather condition air air changing understand weather learn air earth layer air called atmosphere atmosphere reaches earth surface km earth atmosphere parts part closest earth surface called troposphere weather occurs troposphere parts affect weather study earth atmosphere shown look carefully troposphere temperature earth find temperature km km km earth surface happens temperature higher troposphere properties troposphere atmosphere gases nitrogen oxygen gases surface earth gravity pulled air heavier earth surface heaviness air called air pressure
pineapple packing process represents lot working result activity cans pineapple ready schedule happens departments systems cutting labeling systems basic building block human body cell groups similar cells perform special job called tissues bone muscle blood kinds tissues groups tissues joined larger structures called organs heart brain stomach examples organs organs perform task called system body systems depends injure system affected system need maintaining healthy body respiratory system system body oxygen cells body constant needs oxygen air mixture gases oxygen gases breathe air getting oxygen body oxygen air keeps body working properly breathe live breathe regular breathe fast breathing fast feel breath
look drawing digestive system food leaves mouth describe shape organ tube food moves esophagus enters stomach place hand throat trace food moves throat esophagus stomach food esophagus describe location esophagus relation trachea bronchi lungs look drawing stomach shape stomach end big end small walls stomach strong muscles muscles contract relax food present food squeezed mixed stomach breaks food chemical juices enzymes produced walls stomach juices released pour stomach mix food enzymes juices help break types foods food digested hours stomach foods easier digest food fairly digested leaves stomach enters small intestine look drawing small intestine look meters longest part digestive system
numbers diagram blood moves heart trace pathway blood ventricle blood lungs look diagram blood vessels body largest place fist chest move largest blood vessels main arteries artery leads ventricle ventricle blood pumped lungs air sacs blood oxygen air releases carbon dioxide blood oxygen returns heart returns vein left atrium left ventricle pumps blood oxygen artery circulate body locate diagram places blood goes find lungs kidneys intestines organs part body need food oxygen blood vessels carry blood cells body blood releases oxygen body cells blood moves body picks waste materials carbon dioxide blood flows heart veins returns atrium heart blood cycle lungs starts heart pump faster slower speed depends running aware heart pumping fast
diseases deaths discovered cures cures find pneumonia diphtheria tonsillitis tuberculosis diseases caused bacteria strep throat strep means kind bacteria infected throat tissue bacteria called streptococci shape grow throat hurt kind sore throat diseases caused small celled protozoa kind amoeba amoebic dysentery disease occurs food water polluted food water carriers amoebas kind protozoa african sleeping sickness microbe carried fly fly bites person animal protist transferred disease death treated malaria tropical disease caused protozoa microbe carried mosquito transferred bite fungi disease type fungus common problem athlete foot makes feet feel itchy fungus rash called ringworm looks small rings skin viruses diseases diseases common cold flu mumps measles polio diseases difficult treat scientists working find cures virus caused diseases cells tissues affected disease
atoms combine form molecules molecule atoms chemically combined chemically combined means atoms attached atoms element combine form molecules atoms elements form molecules matter molecules elements substances called compounds compound sugar sugar elements elements sugar carbon hydrogen oxygen charcoal soot carbon hydrogen oxygen gases room temperature carbon hydrogen oxygen combine chemically amounts form sugar carbon hydrogen oxygen lose properties elements sugar set physical properties properties sugar suppose cut sugar cube half suppose cut halves half times think divide limit sugar divided smallest part divide sugar sugar molecule molecule smallest part sugar properties sugar smallest part dissolve water taste sugar water compound hydrogen oxygen chemically combined gases form water molecules water properties hydrogen oxygen
important mixtures air breathe mixture blood mixture soil mixture mixtures important part mixtures substances put chemically combined mixtures parts arranged easily separate soil mixture rock sand particles decayed plant animal matter soil places size particles amount plant animal matter vary separate parts mixtures mixture metals called alloy brass common alloy brass copper zinc copper zinc elements copper soft reddish brown metal zinc hard silver colored metal mixture copper zinc combines properties musical instruments jewelry brass steel alloy steel mixture iron carbon metals manganese chromium added steel steel alloys strong beams bridges buildings stainless steel mixture iron carbon chromium nickel objects stainless steel gold jewelry pure gold pure gold element soft bends scratches easily alloy gold mixture gold copper
large areas similar communities plants animals called biomes nonliving things temperature rainfall help determine lives biome types biomes tundra taiga deciduous forest tropical rain forest grassland desert ocean lived tundra biome northern part cold need dress warmly summer temperatures freezing summer rain snow tundra trees tundra ground frozen top thin layer soil summer plants grow months tundra reasons plant grasses shrubs expect find large animals tundra larger caribou rabbits wolves foxes mosquitoes mice moles lemmings birds summer birds live tundra traveled south tundra enter biome called taiga yearly temperatures warmer tundra precipitation taiga ground thaws summer warmer temperatures warmer temperatures allow larger plants grow
living biome rainfall forest grow temperatures rainfall biome growth grasses live type area living grassland biome grasslands midwestern united states parts australia south america africa asia grassland called prairie biome main plants grasses areas larger amounts rain grasses taller lived biome notice land raising cattle growing crops seen bison grasslands united states killed humans bison living today expect prairie dogs antelopes ground squirrels jackrabbits gophers foxes snakes badgers hawks owls common grassland biome lived desert biome expect rainfall deserts expect high daytime temperatures low nighttime temperatures desert biomes found southwestern united states africa india asia south america australia plant biome small amount rainfall makes difficult plants grow cactus yucca plants common plants water stored stems roots
interaction living nonliving things area called ecosystem ecosystem small large aquarium ecosystem living nonliving parts aquarium ecosystem parts affect earth thought large ecosystem living things earth materials environment materials living things things air water run things materials ecosystem cycled cycled means materials returned ecosystem living things materials need green plants carbon dioxide gas food give oxygen gas animals breathe oxygen breathing animals give carbon dioxide process plants animals makes carbon dioxide oxygen cycle cycle important ecosystem run carbon dioxide oxygen water earth times water follows cycle water evaporates earth surface clouds moisture form sky water returns earth precipitation
observing stars night sky looking stars thought questions space stars stars groups stars earth included group stars large space questions answered questions answered galaxy large system stars objects billions stars sun planets solar system part galaxy galaxy called milky galaxy diagram distance milky light light distance light travels takes minutes light sun travel earth think light travel week month travel speed light cross milky large areas galaxy stars fact milky empty emptiness called space material galaxy center space center material center lot material milky spiral arms
energy needed kind change change physical chemical change matter ways move heat cut burn package eat kind physical change object moved move chair room energy energy muscles muscles animals burned wood cook food stay warm transportation walked rode horses energy sources limited needs today machines travel cars planes machines laundry farm tractors cook food heat gas electricity microwaves energy part takes energy things paper bags cars radios clothes homes things local areas today things energy package ship display store goods step making product takes energy energy step making paper bags energy increasing fast modern societies huge energy needs think energy
coal petroleum natural gas fossil fuels fossil fuels material alive coal petroleum natural gas began plants animals thousands ago thick layers plants animals buried slowly changed coal petroleum natural gas fossil fuels stored energy energy comes fossil fuels energy heating cooling transportation electricity cooking coal petroleum natural gas manufacture products coal soft black sedimentary rock burns coal burned stored energy changed heat energy coal higher heat wood coal releases heat energy equal mass wood explain coal found seams beds coal beds lie deep ground surface coal beds vary thickness centimeters thirty meters underground mines remove coal deep beds open pit mines remove surface coal petroleum crude oil liquid mixture petroleum today decay tiny ocean animals billions tiny celled animals lived warm oceans ago creatures died settled bottom formed mixed layer organic matter mud slowly layer sank layers formed top
amount pollution industries changed particulate matter smoke collected solid waste wastes products wastes industries produce invisible gases harmful scientists working find ways removing gases water air dilute wastes industries air water dilute amount industries water rivers streams clean water returning streams chemical fertilizers added soil grow crops fertilizers replace soil nutrients previous crop fertilizers include chemicals called pesticides pesticides kill living things think pests pesticides kill pests kill living things birds fish animals feed pests killed pesticides process harmful animals poison killed pest fish eats insect killed harmful pesticide bear eats fish pesticide hunter shoots eats bear pesticides added directly soil enter soil dissolved water applied crop dusting spraying plant parts coated chemicals plants carefully washed eaten plant parts absorb chemicals soil
scientists studied effects thermal pollution water learned higher temperature oxygen water hold living things water need oxygen organisms die dissolved oxygen water important decomposing wastes living things wastes decompose plenty oxygen water thermally polluted water low oxygen wastes break fast water stay polluted longer thermally polluted water blocks migration fish hot water acts barrier movement fish kills fish keeps swimming water nuclear radiation pollutant radiation consists particles energy released change atoms radiation comes places comes space radiation released atoms stars change kinds atoms earth receives radiation sun stars radiation occurs earth minerals uranium shown picture atoms break decay minerals called radioactive minerals amount radiation produced small radiation checked carefully radiation harmful living things scientists learned release large amounts nuclear energy rapidly explosions destructive
clean cool water fun walk feel walk sand enjoy touching special things nature feel smooth rough stones velvet touch flower petal soft fur bunny kitten sleek coat dog pollution takes enjoyment touching things nature water refuse place wade broken glass sharp metal litter cuts bare feet litter spoiling times enjoy picnic polluted place food tastes place smells clean pleasant eat enjoy beautiful view picnics fun touch litter place picnic help place pleasant places picture common places major pollutant pollutant noise noise sound unpleasant noise loud hurt hearing deafness deafness means lose ability sense hearing deaf trouble talking hear saying hear loud talking
order remove mounted sheet thinner applied thinner dispenser carefully lifting surface removed pouring important cemented surfaces clean free dirt particles impressions mounting thinner stain surface instances stain temporary dry short coat cement part artist materials cement referred commonly called coat regular rubber cement coat tackier rubber cement requires application unit mounted artists consider coat faster cleaner due relative freedom manipulation unit elimination excess cement clean cement dried art properly positioned simply burnished place unit repositioned lifted corner razor blade pull corner art lift tweezers art burnished firmly apply thinner edges loosen lifting reposition burnish need recement unit careful avoid tearing art find coat extremely replacing small units correcting misspelled words punctuation pasting acetate lessens chore considerably
setting type hand oldest method placing individual slugs composing stick spelling copy character type set form inked roller printed sheet paper called type proof completion proofing individual slugs dissembled returned respective cubicals cases method typesetting confined small amounts type headlines captions setting text hand expensive machine methods setting kinds machine equipment setting type linotype monotype ludlow machine principle end result complete line type molded lead slug slug grouped form text printed proof paper photomechanical type cold type methods extremely popular advantageous ways type set metal hot metal type printed image paper size hot metal type limited faces sizes larger needed line type high set large photostat clean repair irregularities consuming phototype hand photographic image printed size irregularities broken edges
quicker place type visually approximate position dividers calculate actual position adjust type beginner method tricky start methods gradually develop system dry cement method pasting large areas type slipsheets type proof convenient mounting type cement tacky preventing freedom manipulation apply thinner dissolve cement permitting easier shifting type wait cement dried beneath proof pressing firmly position slide square wet cement squeeze type causing smear approach positioning type glassine simply place glassine type proof layout lining copy properly mark corners ad suitable key marks registration position glassine identical position registration marks mechanical tape glassine top lift glassine hand slide type proof beneath matching type proof glassine lift glassine adjust type proof squareness accuracy position square
cost halftone plate high conform allocated budget method halftone effects achieved lower cost employed original art photographically converted halftone negative printed photographic paper positive form called velox velox required reproduction size composed line dots position mechanical finished art mechanical shot completely line combined costs velox line plates costs complete plate line halftone platemaker especially true silhouette drop veloxes addition advantage converting continuous tone halftone dots velox retouched artist white black paint dropped combination line halftone velox cameraman artist control desired effects surprint veloxes obtainable velox prints nearly variety screens metal plates line prints type drawings stats quality reproduction term velox mean halftone type paper paper ordinary line prints halftones
blue outline conjunction overlay merely precaution sort belt suspenders arrangement red line purpose red color film sheet place black ink overlay scratching cutting unwanted portions blue line red deep orange films overlays photographs black translucent affords visualization areas relation overlay registration marks correspond art beneath insure perfect alignment elements cover art mechanical clear acetate adhesive color film cut peel section large cover area lightly burnish clear acetate specific area cut areas shapes peel unwanted portions burnish place clean razor blade knife light pressure required cut film excess removed residue wax left acetate rubbed clean dry handkerchief cotton material performs function comes color ruby amber colored film medium rubberlike coating acetate cut peeled exposing clear acetate
basics process producing mechanicals tricks trade assignments receive spite manual dexterity surgeon perform efficiently inferior instrument artist tools artist job spite condition equipment apply ruling pen skilled craftsman difficulty executing quality pen condition likewise tool hands incompetent result inferior damage tool ruling pen prerequisite efficient mechanicals convenient type jackknife type proper cleaning expensive pens wear quickly rule clean lines ruling pen clean allow ink dry form crust point happen clean ammonia water scrape dried ink paint razor blade cleaning pen frequently water rag avoid stoppage ink flow broken lines simple rules insure professional accurate results fill pen dropper placing point
art photo drawing actual size reproduction lucy machine scaling method employed determine art fit specifications reduced enlarged layout proportional scaling simply means shape reduced enlarged height proportionately reduce enlarge width vice versa enlarge side rectangle times side increase proportion total result simple figures problem times proportion increase easily ascertained method accurate size quick visual shape size enabling change immediately suit need arithmetic ruler occasions shoot stat art desired size pieces impractical shoot stats low budget job addition scaling art scale mechanicals fit page sizes publication newspaper column page size
saver order stats starting mechanical correct sizes preparing mechanical stats stats ordered execution mechanical mean delay waiting vitally important costly business set board cut illustration board larger mechanical size allow comfortable margin written instructions pebbled matboard mechanical layout calls amount inking smooth surface illustration board cleaner lines textured effects required inking medium rough surface illustration board square board position board left drawing table overlap straight edge drawing table allow working space afford results square triangle left handed reverse procedure holding square firmly position bottom drawing table line lower edge board tack top corners tape tendency pull slip position square triangle pencil required size mechanical visually centered
line drawing cement position body type signature glossy stat prepare acetate overlay color blacken color areas line drawing paste headline reverse logo overlay write green plate color required board write black plate tissue overlay fill color areas pencil pastel desired color original drawing larger overlay prepared art size case matte stat original shot overlay paste mechanical size position elements overlay mechanical case headline reverse logo send original art mechanical platemaker overlay color complex nature artwork difficult key outline solid black fill method directly position art design art red key outline additional color elements layout independent black areas entire mechanical prepared overlay cameraman shoot mechanical film stripper separate color elements negatives accordance instructions
recent public concern discrimination focused attention important equality law bill rights amendments articles iii iv constitution deal equality law basically equality law means equal protection official private person deny equal protection law person discriminate person race color national origin religion sex advanced age matters governed law employment housing education bennett applied job night guard exoff corporation refused consider saying strenuous person age exoff refuse hire required satisfactorily guilty violating civil rights law barring bennett simply age important jealously guarded aspects equality due process law due process means accused crime fair trial procedures designed assure fair equal treatment due process applied supreme court statutes enacted congress legislative bodies infringe liberty property rights individuals case law parties legally notified rights
parents arranged lodging provided apartment rule considered person situation merchant sells similar expensive clothing girl parents poor girl parents wealthy expensive clothes considered poor girl customary reasonable light economic condition minors special privileges protection persons advantage youth inexperience laws differ considerably minors deal local law minor reaches majority plans disaffirm contract promptly delay silence result enforcement contract terms deals minor wishes assured pay damages contract performed obtain adult signature contract minor held adult problem wenzil received father permission drive family station wagon carry teammates basketball game legally owning driving motor vehicle minor generally treated adult legal restriction owning motor vehicle
problem schramm purchased shirt labeled wash wear permanently pressed label tag attached meet labeling requirements law addition fair packaging labeling act food drug cosmetic act laws require products carry specific labeling laws include warning labeling poisons insecticides hazardous substances cigarettes informational labeling seeds fabrics acts regulating labels textile fur products require garment textile wool fur product sold interstate commerce marked show kind proportion fiber shirt problem labeled show proportion polyester textile products cpsc administers federal hazardous substances labeling act labels warn hazards products furniture polish cleaning fluids substances illness death improperly enforcement flammable fabrics act responsibility cpsc act designed prevent sale wearing apparel textiles easily set fire problem bartholomew purchased beef meat market produced local farm labeled choice grade mean choice choice congress passed laws authorizing quality standards commodities
problem vontz wrote madden seen collection antique glass bottles offer hear contrary send truck pick bottles pay week receiving reply vontz tried hold madden terms stated offer madden bound acceptance mental decision communicated person duty reply offers generally means offeror frame offer silence acceptance madden problem bound vontz offer buy bottle collection transactions known unilateral contracts parties makes promise offeror promises return performance act offeree offeror promise reward return lost ring accept offer offeree perform act requested act require substantial held offer revoked offeree begun performance reasonable amount complete cases contract bilateral parties promises seller promises deliver requested goods exchange buyer promise pay agreed price bilateral contracts require offeree communicate requested promise offeror
problem minor scholten bought golf bag set golf clubs paid promised pay month balance debt paid making payments reached majority disaffirmed contract returned bag clubs entitled minor disaffirm voidable contract anytime minor reasonable reaching majority exception minor transferred real property disaffirm contract reaching majority reaching majority person ratify voidable contract minor ratification approval agreement voidable ratification express promise perform agreed act clearly adult intention bound agreement ratification withdrawn states silence failure disaffirm reasonable reaching majority considered ratification contract enforced problem scholten ratified contract making payments reaching majority later disaffirm contract minor decides avoid contract entire agreement disaffirmed likewise reaching majority minor avoid ratify entire contract avoid part ratify minor contracts generally voidable minor minor enforce
kerr heard nephew morton planning drop school wrote promising car remain school graduate class morton consideration involved contract agreement effect party says thing person asks return promise consideration consideration giving promise act problem kerr asked nephew act quit school remain graduate class return promise give car act consideration promise promise car provided consideration act consideration consist forbearance refraining refrain playing stereo month return promise neighbor pay forbearance consideration neighbor promise consideration promise enforceable consist return promise act performed forbearance consideration lawful require conduct required law prohibit conduct prohibited law
iturbi painful sinus headache reach doctor asked friend kollman neighborhood pharmacist sell strong pain relieving pills codeine required doctor prescription kollman sale sale contract sell involve illegal act statutes states prohibit kinds sales sale fireworks banned completely handguns sold prescribed conditions sales sundays legal holidays declared illegal sales illegal persons properly licensed illegal sale contract sell enforced court action contract performed full part courts help party cancel relief party guilty related crime prosecuted hand innocent victim fraudulent sale recover transferred wrongdoer entitled additional damages restrictions imposed sales purpose controlling prohibiting transactions drugs legally sold persons physician prescription frequently registered pharmacists sales required accurate records problem kollman legally sale despite emergency products legally sold correctly packaged labeled case meat inspected stamped
common law warranty liability dependent contract parties buyer sue proceed seller intermediate sellers distant manufacturer buyer seller parties contract privity contract courts denied injured parties sue privity contract ucc broadens common law rule injured persons buyer family household including guests sue courts states abandoned requirement privity contract permit injured nonuser sue retailers intermediate sellers manufacturers today manufacturer producer makes inaccurate misleading factual statements advertising labels liable resulting injuries consumers goods defective dangerous maker similarly liable resulting harm case manufacturer producer intermediate sellers supplier liable responsibility product liability based warranty fraud negligence increasingly theory strict tort liability manufacturer expected product safe purpose intended requires care design fabrication including inspection testing product ingredients components warning notice dangers product required packages cigarettes
seller entitled retain possession goods paid known unpaid seller lien lien exists title passed buyer recognizes simple fact seller goods claim purchase price defaulting debtor lien exists sale cash full payment received sale credit period expired buyer days pay call goods pay buyer insolvent unable pay debts fall due calling goods problem store manager unpaid seller lien hercules engines credit sale industries large diesel engine generator private electric power plant shipment hercules received credit report insolvent permitted hercules withhold delivery unpaid seller lien discharged ended buyer tenders payment seller lose lien delivering goods letting buyer acquire lawful means delivering goods carrier bailee unrestricted delivery buyer waiving lien extending credit goods delivered seller learns buyer insolvent seller reclaim possession ten days buyer received
problem wagner worked civic center service station wagner duties included selling gasoline oil accessories collecting making credit tickets wagner responsible cleaning windshields checking tires lubricating cars changing oil keeping premises clean wagner agent ordinary employee learned direction control person typing letters packing groceries repairing radios ordinary employee special kinds workers contracts employers represent person makes contracts behalf agent employer authorizes action principal agent authorized act principal contracting persons relationship agency exists agency relationship principal liable persons acts agent agent acting authority proper signing principal agent principal personally signed lippert bought minibike ted young spinning wheels shop salesperson signed gave card offering free engine adjustment months purchase salesperson changed jobs ot shop adjustment requested lippert look directly ted young owner shop performance signature salesperson agent binding owner principal owner personally signed
problem deloch authorized schultz agent sell bankrupt stock shoes cash schultz sold goods schroder stores percent cash balance credit deloch ratified sale deloch deliver goods agent acts scope authority principal principal liable party performance contract principal principal liable problem unauthorized acts agent ratified deloch deliver shoes schroder authorized agent disclose identity principal known undisclosed principal party generally elect hold principal agent exception contracts seal commercial paper notes checks agent cases agent liable bind principal avoid personal liability agent sign principal contract add words signature agent young contracted supplier paper employer ramirez signed contract properly ramirez added words young agent torts fraudulent acts committed agent acting scope authority granted ratified principal liable parties acts
commercial paper payable order order paper payable order party means payable party party orders paid read pay order louis desmond pay louis desmond order paper reads pay louis desmond negotiable note signed jones problem payable exclusively bill west negotiable earlier west assign contract assignee subject usual contract defenses commercial paper order paper indorsement paper specifies names person indorsed pay order bill brown signed nell jones order paper payable order person persons jointly persons check payable order rose bill benka cashed payable order rose bill benka require indorsement order paper payable order holder position office say pay order treasurer macon county properly payable estate deceased person trust minor fund united crusade
problem ryan young wife deck cruise ship honeymoon discussed plans future earnestly assured mine effectively place decide receive property death valuable property document known person direct distribution property death property person distributed according statutes takes effect death maker called testator testatrix female document changed canceled maker desirable brings assets needs property left discussed later updated superseded reflect fact existence contents proved death maker opens false claims forged documents turn led strict rules regarding preparation execution wills fails comply legal requirements courts enforce deceased person property distributed ordinarily orally
partnership property consists property originally contributed partners property acquired firm funds held special form ownership called tenancy partnership partner owner entire partnership property sole owner part firm partners owns identical trucks partner claim exclusive ownership vehicles partner interest item property belonging partnership sold assigned partner interest partner firm sold assigned party person assignee partner entitled partner share profits assets dissolution partner equal firm property partnership purposes partner property personal purposes consent problem adams violating duties partner company truck personal trips consent partners problem findley mcclory partners real property management business findley energetic partner worked ten hour days weekends efforts paid business prospered entitled extra compensation extra
recent survey american bar association showed public services lawyer cost coupled fear complications discourages consultation attorney sued involved accident arrested crime need divorce probate estate adults benefit competent legal counseling matters major appliance automobile purchases real estate purchases leases consumer claims employment rights business organization management debt collection marital difficulties borrowing estate planning tax planning investments insurance provide real unexpressed need legal services legal insurance similar health insurance proposed unions hire lawyers serve needs members sales experts consumer advocates urge lawyers advertise services fees practice considered unprofessional legal profession recently american bar association history authorized lawyers advertise standard fee initial consultation office hours legal education fields specialization credit terms fee printed reputable legal directories yellow pages telephone book ironically telephone directories accept specific price advertising rules applied gradually bar association approve change members
term loyalty thought sticking times bad simple necessarily mean blind dedication job employer put want secretary appreciate part playing organization realizes weaknesses reveal defends need questions motives method working publicity agent agree spoke executive loyalty means believing company objectives management loyalty goes include person attitude dedication job giving honest pay person loyal wants company succeed works times goal loyal secretary sells company boss fellow workers works hard office place peace mind comes executive knows job assigned secretary carried completion wonderful thing secretary covered bases sighed executive skillful young lady able follow job
glow comes external internal cleanliness living habits reflected complexion asset worthy efforts course decide makeup learn apply strive natural look keeping makeup minimum think enhancement fashion step friends stay extreme lipstick colors sure shade clash colors clothes remember lipstick belongs lips teeth eye makeup leave evening important part secretarial image appearance hands smooth soft clean regular cream lotion help attractive want hide nails short raggedy bitten grooming calls shaped moderate length nails polish choose shade office wear match lipstick iridescent frosted shades evening needless say chipped dull polish unattractive avoided daily bath shower essential immaculately clean summer want daily deodorant light cologne perfume
clothes excellent taste quality immaculate detail appearance spoiled poor posture posture sitting standing walking display aware effect food health happiness fail recognize careless posture habits important influence slump chair stand leg relaxed hip higher carry books packages arm daily habits spell present future posture faults secretary continuously sits legs crossed knee shoulders slumped present efficient appearance putting strain bones muscles intended bear burden wonder tired end seated remember spine straight shoulders relaxed rib cage head reach article desk bend hips slightly stretch arm shoulder muscles learn raise lower desk chair thigh muscles avoids chair thump sit wards elderly look helping chair placing hands desk top posture projects feeling confidence composure assets secretary employer
furniture purchased office secretary likely consulted regarding preferences desk chair typewriter basic items equipment influence output general efficiency selecting important responsibility care secretary asked suggestions concerning office furniture equipment modular desk illustrated page found modern offices type desk shaped shaped secretary desk generally pedestals sections side drawers depths side house cabinet stationery typewriter platform elevated desk height section return generally left desk side return sections sides making shaped working area top shaped style deep standard oblong desk offices modular shape working area easy reach requires floor space standard desk chair added working space typewriter top return easy access section firm base machine platform raised lowered strong heavy electric typewriter
typewriters today excellent machines manual nonelectric electric definite trend today business office electric expensive greatest advantage electric typewriter requires considerably energy operate manual machine results increased speed electric typewriter writes impression regardless individual touch electrics produce carbons stencils masters duplicating learned manual machine electric find hours practice adapt typing touch carriages manual electric typewriters vary inches manufacturers providing inch models typewriters carriages inches considered standard obtained additional cost longer carriages specially ordered manual electric typewriters automatically medium platens desirable routine secretarial typing hard soft platens request typewriter hard platen called prepare unusual number carbons soft platen typewriter regularly typing spirit masters business correspondence firms prefer elite type characters inch pica type characters inch pica type desirable clearer reproduction duplicating
area office home learn manage efficiently caring furniture equipment orderly arrangement supplies desk housekeeping mentioned housekeeping important deserves special emphasis desk top uncluttered try desk completely clear allow papers folders card files miscellaneous items equipment pile desk top intended storage space cluttered desk top untidy makes area look disorganized don secretaries store working materials desk tops file cabinets flat surfaces uncommon justify poor housekeeping complaint don place put materials find examination desk drawers stuffed odds ends unusual amount materials supplies fingertip reach desk drawers filled working materials ask employer drawer file folders supplies active materials sure file absolutely essential secretaries order file expensive takes valuable space storing materials supplies actually housed office storage room
secretarial student office visualize thousands records business business based competition concern hard maintain high standards satisfy regular customers attract clients areas records play immensely important part methods facts figures recorded stored ease speed retrieved needed difference success failure employer wish refer previous correspondence concerning orders delivery production schedules requests estimates complaints need compare sales figures write progress report present marketing plan prepare release company newest product responsible recruitment personnel training programs preparation firm annual report position daily need refer files records paper comes goes office record national volume paper mammoth companies government agencies setting retention schedules types records retained permanently destroyed short microfilmed moved storage centers types records transferred electronic memory systems computers instant recall firm surveyed files found destroy carloads records transfer carloads low rent premises
responsibility greeting callers handle scheduling appointments boss canceling keeping records appointments general boss calendar events accurate conveniently workable determined nature caller business interview employer granted appointment later considerable responsibility scheduling appointments keeping record remember employer occasionally need meet office expected handle scheduling appointments persons appointment naturally precedence callers essential careful record appointments satisfactory procedure record appointment boss calendar responsible checking boss calendar discover appointments secretaries find advisable appointment book morning give employers list appointments end appointment record show appointments boss informs results appointments suitable notations appointment records
numbers employer call frequently listed alphabetically telephone prove substitute addition prepare condensed list addresses employer convenience distance numbers proper area codes included index find area code maps front telephone directory obtain area code directories booklets recording numbers telephone company free charge offices ten telephones generally lists directories handy times frequent calls include unlisted telephone numbers record separately index numbers subscribers reasons wish restricted obtained information operator asking number sure enunciate clearly mistake requesting number result reply barnley south main street distance call telephone number local service area distance involved type call hour night length conversation determine charges learn town calls local distance operator dial consult introductory pages local telephone directory
executives reimbursed business expenses incurred trips include transportation hotel taxis telephone calls entertaining customers company advances sum money conclusion trip executive submits report expenses expense money hand end trip added total expenditures equal advanced beginning trip typical expense report illustrated page busy executive asks secretary prepare reports notes return reports triplicate quadruplicate depending procedures company practices differ frequency expense reports submitted generally due monthly discussion pages general knowledge shipping services secretaries rarely responsibility large shipments frequently send packages employer boss program chairman national convention wish forward box printed programs convention headquarters able handle assignment requests similar nature course secretarial packages parcel post express freight transported railroad airplane motor truck steamer cases bus
shopping supermarket baffling experience start comparing labels noting sizes wondering serving trying figure cheaper buy ounce cans ounce added puzzle fact sizes shapes decorated color splashed labels look weight identical competition situation manufacturer packages product attract attention buy item competitor controversial truth packaging bill debated congress attempt eliminate difficulties require manufacturers mark clearly net quantity volume ounces pounds pints quarts industry standardize terms small medium large define serving reduce number size packages items marketed period voluntarily government impose standards regulations consumer protection recently government business professions communities worked help families culturally economically deprived areas schooling limited benefit legislation truth packaging bill vital realized products researched tested inspected quality performance united states
payroll records important records business asked determined employer firms records rule maintained bookkeeper accountant part bookkeeper bookkeeping service firm basic procedures involved discussion acquainted payroll records found typical medium sized business firm enable company track hours worked employees pay period deductions gross salary paycheck similarly determined depending system firm payment determined hourly basis straight salary record number hours employee works payroll period card employee inserts card clock arrives leaves clock punches arrival departure end payroll period weekly biweekly monthly total number hours worked calculated card firms employ number workers hours employee transferred cards permanent payroll register addition payroll register earnings record employee
filing equipment accommodate size shape type business record today including fireproof models storage valuable documents wood metal files manufactured metal widest usage executive offices special decorative schemes wood preferred addition standard gray brown beige tones varied colors grained effects obtained filing essential part secretarial duties asked preference files chosen vertical files cards papers upright obtained variety sizes depending individual need drawer sizes range accommodate inch cards checks letters legal papers drawers large house blueprints addition files house tapes data processing important part office equipment common types vertical file card file flexibility makes desirable lists names addresses items stock hand similar cards easily added rearranged date records removed leaving gaps waste space systems filing alphabetic numeric geographic subject vertical units filing correspondence drawers desk height drawers counter height drawers
list qualifications choose add effectiveness data sheet prepare section paragraph form reader command english ability express paper highlight qualifications special headings separate lines point add list office machines familiar business firms applicant fill official application blank prepared supply information asked bring resume interviewer copy guide filling application blank organizations require supply birth certificate need social security card find helpful small calendar current reference application form prospective employer asks complete part personnel record sure fill blanks carefully mistakes quickly noticed instructions request write ink typewritten application favorable impression handwriting expected answer question find logical answer read question placing dash space provided don afraid inquire puzzles fill answers clear problems
assigned duties exceptionally important factor success equally important personal relationships divided classifications relationships employer employee relationships employees relationships public want impression primary concern superior impress ability initiative pleasing personality cooperation treat superiors respect job office etiquette necessarily social etiquette don expect waited girl drop filing tray count office jump rescue expect employer chair enter office employers practice observing social niceties office expect hope reprimanded error happens say sorry correct error don argue attempt justify actions likely lose temper say things later regret circumstances let emotions office place tears try troubles feeling resentment employer steps ensure error occur
affect secretarial occupations recent developments data processing recent developments word processing word processing procedures equipment transform ideas printed communications help facilitate flow information broader mechanical equipment word processing relieved secretary dictation transcription company word processing equipment executive sends dictation media word processing center transcribed word processing fairly early stage development terms finalized word processing center frequently secretarial services center term describe department office houses word processing equipment effect word processing prestige secretary companies word processing centers installed positions utilizing secretarial skills upgraded certainly importance typing skill upgraded word processing created diversification occupations middle management positions women company installed word processing center give idea secretarial occupations redefined follows secretary serving executive administrative assistant secretary served executives handled telephone calls processed incoming outgoing mail filing
clothes shopping trip decide resist temptation pick don need don buy impulsively home find don things wear outfit bought plan buying stay plan care essential purchases spend money left extras buy clothing look inside garment seams finished wide bending reaching requires zippers fit smoothly easily fabric tends lose shape quickly skirt dress lined check labels articles washed need dry cleaned treated shrinkage control attention paid fabric workmanship order produce low cost inexpensive dress tends show wear faster expensive dress paying bit extravagant merchandise properly cared longer credit lookout genuine values found stores sales offer reductions higher priced merchandise times suitable top quality item bought original price analyze figure line outfit brings positive points plays negative
suppose boss phones clock morning say called illness family office days accurate records enable notify person scheduled appointment explain emergency cancel appointment discuss information boss consider confidential knowledge boss plans week try reschedule urgent appointments assure pressing appointments soon definite appointment employer forgets appointment leaves office makes appointments case person appointment notified early won arrive office find appointment canceled tact diplomacy important explaining situation caller arrives office couldn reach arrange firm handle appointment apologize reschedule canceled appointment assistance employer anticipate need appointments
packages parcel post express messenger freight transported bus railroad airplane truck ship nature goods size weight shipment destination speed service required safety material shipped cost factors considered choosing method transportation parcel post shipments known fourth class mail handled postal service rate pound established parcel post zones united states divided information concerning current rates weight size regulations domestic international parcel post mail secured local post office speed delivery important air parcel post priority mail service services expensive compared regular parcel post rates widely sending packages distant areas service slow information concerning applicable weight size limitations post office paying fee addition regular postal rates special services requested packages mail packages special delivery special handling cod insured pages discussion services goods rea express shipper knows destination contents package
important telephone calls short conferences executives interrupt dictation sessions advantage read notes insert punctuation capitalization paragraph marks short pauses dictation notes pausing employer lose train thought ask read efficient pause ready common courtesy stare employer pauses stops collect thoughts eyes notebook attempt supply word groping course asks help boss interrupted dictation leave office asked sense discussion personal nature case return desk start re attuned activity boss office ready return soon free learn names correct titles boss corresponds frequently replying letter employers dictate complete title address expected pick information incoming letter letter written recent correspondence employer dictate complete title address
secretary course transcribe shorthand notes called transcribe material employer previously recorded dictating machine later responsibilities increase dictating machine dictate routine correspondence transcription assistant knowing operate dictating transcribing equipment skill secretary possess machines dictation vary size function type recording produced typical dictating unit compact fit desk special stand desk drawer portable models carrying cases efficiently traveling automobile train plane letters reports notes dictated microphone dictating unit recording produced recording form plastic disk belt magnetic belt tape depending model unit dictating machine effectively speed office saver busy executive utilizes office office hours suits convenience saver secretary transcribing machine dictation eliminates need dictation transcribe notes dictating machine boon executive road deal
job expect excitement concerns able expected working days probable bit supervision difficult large company attend orientation program employees entire week orientation program hear lectures officials company tour office areas films history company corporate structure general idea company procedures follows ready ask intelligent questions firms part orientation program extends interview employee weeks months begins employee opportunity learn progress job ask help feel needs rule find person supervising working want succeed willing give help instruction need feel free talk things supervisor
certainly person feels tired fatigued apt mistakes feels full energy constantly fatigued consult physician physical examination fatigue problem discover need sleep lack sleep tensions result errors poor diet affects performance feel sluggish lunch hour eat lighter meal monotony contribute feeling fatigue change pace help especially enjoy scheduled times ordinary routine advantage coffee breaks midmorning midafternoon help give energy getting desk briefly errand provide welcome break distraction fatigue desk faces frequently distracted traffic conversation nearby consider turning desk direction working pressure creates anxiety observe pressure thing give priority urgent task moment calmly concentrate completed carefully analyzing ready outline schedule
specialized dictionaries wordbooks serve valuable reference tools areas secretarial references listed section wish consult library references webster geographical dictionary excellent source finding correct spelling geographic names helpful reference complete dictionary abbreviations robert schwartz abbreviations covering wide variety subjects foreign language dictionaries essential aids areas scientific technical foreign export trade black law dictionary gould medical dictionary standard references legal medical secretaries gregg shorthand dictionary maintain improve knowledge gregg system increase shorthand vocabulary book words personal geographic names listed correct shorthand outline valuable reference secretary words louis leslie lists approximately words likely present spelling difficulties word divided syllables glance hyphenate words properly unlike dictionary words defined large type present book compact size helpful government printing office publication word division kind resource book transcribing shorthand notes revising rough draft substitute synonym word repeated times
secretary called help prepare written material printer formal printed report news releases speeches papers find elements formal report case want refer discussion formal report help preparing references company stylebook dictionary handbook english fundamentals written material prepared printer called manuscript referred simply copy boss write book magazine article pamphlet need help preparing manuscript printer ask visit library research subject writing check facts included writing ask read manuscript check punctuation grammar sentence structure setup formal report serves reference printed publications preliminary pages main text pages supplementary pages headings follow pattern formal report manuscript typed double spaced quality white paper margins generous pages numbered consecutively preferably top hand corner ideally pages number lines pages end chapters sections
stores specialize selling office supplies art supplies offer variety materials stencil artwork basic tool drawing stencil stylus stylus nearly purpose straight curving lines short lines circles signatures lettering dotted lines shaded lines shaded areas styli blunt points wide lines styli sharp points thin lines buying stylus want ask salesclerk advise type suit purpose obtain accurate sharp impression illuminated drawing board recommended drawing writing stencil illuminated drawing board consists frame fitted translucent glass lighted beneath flexible writing plate translucent plastic sheet grained sides glass stencil sheet grain plastic sheet permits stylus push stencil coating injuring base tissue stencil producing clear clean cut lines manufacturers stencil duplicators provide leaflets cartoons drawings illustrations traced stencil stylus manufacturer portfolios tracing pages subjects special interest church groups schools trade associations organizations tracings easy follow produce pleasing results professionally prepared artwork stencil insets purchased inset cut window opening stencil
executives regularly travel local area airlines form transportation big advantage course speed businessman desk dallas ten morning fly oklahoma important conference home dallas dinner longer distance desirable air travel saver executive major airlines known trunk lines travel metropolitan cities medium size small communities local feeder lines provide travelers connections larger airports executive fly nonstop chicago minneapolis transfer smaller plane run local airline complete journey factory northern minnesota sparsely populated areas smaller airlines provide air service major airlines basic classes service class economy class lines provide thrift class lower rates distances involved considerable amount money saved purchasing economy class service major airlines offer class economy class accommodations flight class passenger provided varied menu complimentary beverages spacious seating generally seats side aisle economy class seats side meals served standard
kinds free employment agencies government operated employment service supported religious charitable nonprofit organizations ywca consult telephone directory names addresses agencies private employment agencies charge fee services states rate permitted charge regulated law employment agencies charge employer fee hires agency interviewed recommended agencies charge job applicant fee succeeds getting job agency recommended case agency fee service paid employer employee fee shared discretion employer visit private employment agency ask friends acquaintances experience agencies plan consult types jobs agencies specialize able recommend agency suited help newspaper classified ad section guide agencies specialize placing office workers register private employment agency asked sign contract read contract carefully sure understand clearly sign written contract legal document enforceable understand contract fine print ask consult parents school counselor
interview don want give impression need bring moral support plan arrive minutes early find helpful minutes compose note surroundings don arrive ahead fidgety ill ease lose enthusiasm interview smoke waiting smoke arrive interview breath freshener receptionist ushers office interviewer walk poise confidence smile face wait interviewer invite sit feel apprehensive assured job applicants feel interview situation interviewers familiar applicants follow lead interviewer shaking hands offers shake hands interviewer sit interview seated purse lap floor chair don put personal belongings interviewer desk asked interview initiative conduct salesman introductions opportunity mention qualifications give reasons application interviewer question points thinks important
look job application experience loss worthwhile experience learn asked questions anticipated answers forget tell interviewer important interview smooths makes easier feel confident ability job want job market locality nation economy qualifications factors determine job offered position immediately graduation ultimate goal appraise job terms working goal deciding job ask questions job offer opportunity want advance job professionally financially proud member organization reputation desirable place competent person works happy job fellow workers reason choose position carefully plan reasonable period position offered likely wise choice begin job earn reputation reliability flightiness
frequently tools mechanic repairman kit dinging hammer dolly block previously pointed dolly held hand acts anvil held damaged area side area struck dinging hammer care selecting dolly hammer job hand curve dolly conform approximately curve crown panel straightened words flat surface dolly crowned panel curve dolly smaller radius curve panel straightened similarly selecting dinging hammer specific panel radius face hammer curve panel flat face hammer concave surface produce lot nicks filled refinishing curved face hammer shown fig concave surfaces flat face convex fig shows dinging operation simplest form dolly held side dent hammer blows directed rim dent note radius dolly face basic curve panel
straightening damaged panel automobile difficult appearance panel carefully study damaged area determine procedure follow removing damage wrong procedure additional required complete straightening operation correct method damaged area automatically flex shape total complete restoration reduced starting panel straightening operation important examine damage carefully ascertain method straightening basically procedure remove damage reverse occurred uninformed body mechanic seize rubber mallet hammer start job striking center damaged area force large area sheet metal approximately original position actually additional damage created fact roughing procedure corrected basic damage cases marks roughing hammer mallet stretched metal added original damage extra required restore panel straightening minimum damage removed reverse order created damage caused collision occur instantaneously progresses instant impact vehicle comes rest
attempting sander electrical tool precautions observed sure extension cables adequate size carry current extension cable ft grinder electrical tool draws amp extension cable gauge size cable currents cable length table sure electrical tool grounded important safety precaution underwriters requirement electrical tools conductor cable blade grounding type attachment plug cap proper type wall receptacle shop proper type wall receptacle outlet special adaptor plugs plugs fit prong outlet receive prong connector end electrical grinder cable provided short ground wire connected cover screw outlet box electric tools operator standing wet floor wet hands arcing noted motor brushes electrical tool repaired arcing start fire areas lacquers sprayed addition electrical safety precautions operators grinding equipment wear safety goggles face mask
welding metalworking process metals joined heating melting point allowing molten portions fuse flow basic methods welding auto body shop oxygen acetylene electric arc auto body shop oxyacetylene welding equipment welding source heat soldering shrinking metal softening metal easily straightened oxygen acetylene cutting metal oxyacetylene welding mixture gases produces intensely hot flame melt fuse metals cutting metals special torch jet oxygen striking piece iron steel heated kindling temperature metal burn quickly chemically oxygen cutting similar eating iron steel ordinary rusting faster rusting oxygen air water affects metal slowly directing jet oxygen metal heated melting point actually speeds rusting burns metal iron oxide melts runs molten slag exposes iron action oxygen welding pieces metal edges melted flame molten metals flow cases welding rod electrode added strengthen joint
welding pieces sheet metal slight ridge welded seam hammered contours surface approximately disk sander surface clean smooth groove weld tinned filled solder final step preparation painting sand surface electrical conductors brought form contact current flow conductors separated short distance arc formed current continue flow arc produce high temperatures metal melted extreme conditions temperatures high deg obtained maintain arc welding special equipment needed equipment generate current correct specification transform power supply line flux coated filler rod electrode maintain arc supply metal needed fill gap separating metals welded welding extensively rewelding seams originally spot welded difficulty arc welding sheet metal fill wide openings gaps intense heat arc tends melt exposed edges faster filler metal deposited
naturally attempt shrink panel surface worked smooth addition lacquer enamel removed starting shrinking process sizes heat spots found sufficient cover practically type shrinking compound curved surfaces spot diameter heated plane flat surfaces heat spots larger heat spots cases excessive bulge heat spot larger remember auto body sheet metal loses temper springing effect heated cherry red heating small spots natural spring resiliency sheet metal retained metal spots body panels slight curve metal shrunk flat area point buckles panel flat area stretched proper degree hammer dolly heat applied approximate center bulge heating spot cherry red diameter depending size height bulge spot hammered red hot directing blows red spots flat face dolly underneath
door hinges ford cars provide sufficient adjustment latitude correct door misalignment conditions holes hinge hinge attaching points enlarged elongated provide door alignment shown fig cover poor door alignment latch striker adjustment alignment procedure determine hinge bolts loosened move door desired position remove side cowl trim panel door trim panel hinge access covers loosen hinge bolts permit movement door padded pry bar move door distance estimated tighten hinge bolts check door fit repeat operation desired fit obtained check strike plate alignment proper door closing door hardtop models check quarter glass door glass fit adjust quarter glass striker pin adjusted laterally vertically fore aft lock striker adjusted correct door sag lock striker shimmed clearance shown fig striker lock check clearance clean lock jaws striker area apply thin layer dark grease lock strikers door closed opened measurable pattern result move striker assembly laterally provide flush fit door pillar quarter panel
remove typical front door ventilator regulator fisher bodies raise window remove door trim assembly detach panel water deflector sufficiently gain access regulator attaching bolts styles equipped electric ventilator regulators disconnect regulator wires connector remove ventilator shaft attaching bolt ventilator regulator attaching bolt disengage ventilator regulator shaft ventilator shaft remove regulator motor assembly door access hole install reverse procedure excessive play flutter ventilator pivot shaft ventilator open position corrected tightening ventilator shaft regulator attaching bolt bolts tightened carefully avoid stripping threads regulator spindle gear shaft remove front door ventilator late model fisher bodies remove door trim assembly detach panel water deflector lower door window remove ventilator door outer panel return flange attaching screw front ventilator assembly break cement bond securing front door pillar sealing strip belt ventilator assembly remove ventilator division channel lower adjusting stud nut styles electrically operated ventilators remove motor ventilator assembly remove ventilator lower frame attaching bolt ventilator lower frame adjusting stud nut remove ventilator regulator lift ventilator upward remove door replace reverse procedure prior installation apply bead body caulking compound door outer panel return flange area contacted ventilator assembly
replacing headlining remove listing wires pockets headlining listing wires installed holes headlining check plastic clips installed roof bow slots plastic supports installed headlining pockets listing wires installed pockets sure trim cement nonstaining type finishing lace sure cement applied sides retainers body styles styles lift headlining assembly body install listing wire listing wire pocket metal tabs roof bow bend tabs secure wire bow styles incorporate plastic clips place metal tabs snap listing wire clips working rear listing wire install listing wires side roof rails snap listing wires plastic clips roof bows manner working forward install remaining listing wires listing wires adjusted utilizing holes side roof rails listing wires rest tight roof panel installation body styles styles proceed follows lift headlining assembly body starting rear listing wire working forward install plastic supports headlining attached retaining slots roof panel secure stretch headlining windshield window body opening
wiring diagram recent model ford power windows fig making trouble checks sure battery fully charged turn ignition switch accessory position power window power seat convertible top electrical systems connected amp circuit breaker failure occurs systems amp circuit breaker defective windows operate check sure current reaching circuit breaker voltage repair replace circuit breaker wires leading window operate operate switch listen noise motor running free motor running loose pulled coupling short ground circuit breaker inoperative window operate switch motor runs replace circuit breaker window operates direction check window operation switches window operates properly switch check switch red yellow wires voltage replace switch wires window operates sluggishly check regulator window runs excessive friction adjust runs repair lubricate regulator lubricate runs silicone lubricant sure check frayed insulation wires partially ground recent model general motors cars equipped power operated tops hydraulic electric unit consists volt reversible type motor rotor type pump hydraulic lift cylinders upper lower hydraulic hose assembly
dual acting tail gate incorporates unique hinge locking arrangement permits tail gate operated conventional manner addition door wagons equipped utilize manually electrically operated window lowered gate raised body opening manual window operated regulator control handle located tail gate outer panel power window operated control switches instrument panel lock cylinder tail gate outer panel key operated wheelhouse cover panel tail gate unlocked gate position means remote control inside handle located top center gate panel unlocking position accomplished inside handle located top side panel tail gate opened direction window fully lowered replacement realignment tail gate component hardware locks checked synchronization details dual acting tail gate hardware shown fig lock remote control linkage fig lock system dual acting tail gate designed perform block functions allow tail gate opened door prevent accidental operation upper left lock gate opened gate
cases remove paint vehicle repainting original paint poor condition original paint poor adhesion tends flake methods remove paints including sandblasting hot caustic solution pressure equipment paint remover power sanding equipment method depends largely quantity personal preference large number vehicles completely refinished supply steady sandblasting hot caustic selected sandblasting applies air pressure direct stream sand painted surface force sand chips blasts paint surface leaving bare metal exposed sand makes tiny indentations surface metal adherence paint sandblasting leaves raw metal exposed metal painted promptly rusting soon takes place sandblasting performed area dust rest shop care close painting area mechanics sandblasting respirators goggles hot caustic process popular means removing paint vehicles
customizing altering lines automobile bodies easily accomplished epoxy resins fiber glass range simple job filling joints metal panels providing fender lines complete body simple job remove chrome trim epoxy resin fill holes clips held chrome trim place procedure similar explained chapter filling dents filling seams panels manner altering lines auto body basic procedure build frame wire mesh epoxy resin fiber glass applied form dry surface sanded smooth painted purpose wire mesh provide form resin wire mesh body stiff cardboard taped position auto body wire mesh generally preferred easily formed desired shape retain shape easily cardboard wire mesh formed desired shape welded soldered position automobile desired tapping screws hold wire form place welding hooding headlights form required duplicate side vehicle essential forms identical excellent method master male form
method locating dust leaks drive car dusty road windows closed observer confused dirt enter windows dusty roads simple leaks located moving light car observer remains inside vehicle method satisfactory course leakage straight path devious case light beam able pass turns body light candle car candle held areas car reaction flame drafts noted find leak means plugs grommets floor pan dash panels automotive vehicles dust water interior vehicle areas carefully inspected sure plugs grommets place condition weather stripping doors deck lids loose damaged dust rain leakage results vehicles weather stripping doors deck lids cemented place loose replacement required recement place fig shows special weather strip cement edges windshield
files protective handles danger injury pointed tang files pry bars hammered files hard temper brittle hammered small pieces fly severe wounds loss eyesight hardened surfaces face anvil struck hammer bits steel fly damage connection hammers sledges care exercised head securely attached handle loose hammer sledge heads fly tool standing struck severely injured head chisel swagged discarded reground remove swagged edges prevent bits steel flying causing damage grinding mechanic wear goggles protect eyes grinding wheel provided protective guard reason guard event grinding wheel flying due centrifugal force danger operator minimized grinding wheel designed strains side surfaces grinding possibility driving belt breaking rotating wheel bursting advisable stand plane rotating parts
automobile manufacturer issues shop manuals cars manuals called service manuals published models manuals cover service procedures provide specs special tools needed jobs explain fix kinds car trouble models figure shows automobile manufacturer shop manual model note manual inches mm thick servicing procedures required student fig checking service engine valves manual steps procedure book accompanying workbook shopwork automotive course give fundamentals need later working garage dealer shop able look information shop manuals cars service understand shop manuals fundamentals auto book workbook fundamentals repair manuals covering cars published chilton book company motor companies manuals auto mechanics find specs service procedures cars built united states past manuals find manuals service shop dealership garage service stations
thread series coarse fine extra fine coarse fine extra fine mean pitch number threads inch inch bolt coarse threads threads inch inch bolt fine threads threads inch extra fine threads threads inch coarse thread shortens disassembly reassembly fewer turns required remove install fine extra fine threads smaller coarse threads fine extra fine threads greater bolt strength additional accuracy assembly required thread classes difference closeness fit class loosest fit easiest remove install threads dirty battered class tighter fit class close fit external thread bolt screw stud called thread internal thread nut threaded hole called thread let put learned threads thread designated size pitch series class suppose bolt means bolt inch diameter coarse threads threads inch thread external class thread
cutting tools remove metal nippers discussed sec common cutting tool cutting tools include chisels hacksaws files drills look cutting tools chisel single cutting edge driven hammer cut metal figure shows kinds chisels figure shows chisel hammer note hold chisel left hand hammer course left handed hold chisel hand hammer left strike end chisel hammer figure shows chisel hammer cut piece sheet metal metal clamped vise vises later book notice technician wearing goggles protect eyes flying chips result chisel flying chip injure unprotected eye chisel cutting edge dull head tends mushroom mushroom ground grinding wheel shown fig grinding mushroom head chisel protects getting hurt turned metal break head struck piece fly hand cut figure shows grind cutting edge chisel
crankshaft backbone engine hard downward thrusts pistons connecting rods air fuel mixture burned cylinders crankshaft reciprocating motion rotary motion sends gears shafts wheels car moves crankshaft hangs bottom cylinder block supported bearings allow spin excessive wear friction chapter look crankshafts bearings crankshaft high strength steel strong pound kg thrust piston connecting rod power stroke balanced run smoothly lot vibration crankshaft job distributes oil connecting rod bearings let look balance crankshaft composed series cranks cranks connecting rods change reciprocating motion pistons rotary motion look single crank rotates centrifugal action keeps pulling crank centerline crankshaft balance force heavy vibration rapid wear bearings supporting crankshaft provide balance avoid undue wear crankshaft series counterweights weights balance rotating forces cranks force tends vibration
explain lubricating system let look oil oil liquid lubricating system oil engines natural crude oil oil wells drilled deep earth engine oil today comes crude oil crude oil formed underground millions ago parts refined usable refining process gasoline kerosene lubricating oil products recent synthetic oils chemical laboratory manufacturers claim superior lubricating properties actually basic types synthetic oils type widely present produced organic acids alcohols plants types type produced coal crude oil type crude oil tests shown synthetics superior properties automotive manufacturer unqualified approval oil grades oil ratings oil automobiles number additives chemical compounds added oil improve performance oil let look ratings additives viscosity refers ability liquid flow oil high viscosity thick flows slowly
part oil flowing bearing takes additional path goes holes drilled crankshaft reach connecting rod bearings crankshaft holes drilled shown fig hole crankshaft main journal passes hole main bearing spurt oil flows drilled hole crankpin oil flows crankpin lubricate connecting rod bearing oil flows center drops edges bearing oil pan oil cleans lubricates oil finished trip engine oil thrown connecting rod bearings covers cylinder walls lubrication pistons piston rings piston pins engines ensure adequate lubrication pistons piston rings piston pins spit holes connecting rod oil feeding crankshaft holes connecting rod bearings spurts spit holes cylinder walls action fig spurt takes place hole connecting rod aligns hole crankpin supplies pistons piston rings piston pins oil need oil flowing main bearing supports flows upward holes drilled supports camshaft bearings
figure shows simplified form wiring circuit starting motor current flows motor terminal field windings flows brush armature conductors brush brush connected ground return circuit battery ground explained chap brushes sliding contact armature commutator commutator separate pieces segments connected end loops conductors armature conductors shown fig current flows starting motor strong magnetic field produced field windings powerful magnetic field produced armature conductors field winding magnetic field tries push armature magnetic field result powerful downward push loops armature revolve armature connected engine flywheel meshing gears spins engine crankshaft engine starts drive gear end armature shaft teeth called drive pinion ring gear flywheel times teeth armature turn times order turn flywheel actual operation armature spin rpm revolutions minute spinning turns flywheel crankshaft rpm
let closer look distributing action distributor top cam distributor rotor rotor sits cam shown fig distributor shaft rotates cam rotor rotate rotor rotary switch purpose rotor connect center terminal distributor cap terminals distributor cap terminals cap insulated held place cap cut fig center terminal cap carbon button lower end button rests end rotor blade small spring holds carbon button rotor blade continuous contact rotor blade connected secondary winding ignition coil coil secondary winding produces high voltage surge metal blade rotor sends surge proper spark plug rotor points side terminal connected spark plug cylinder ready fire let cam turns lobe opens contact points magnetic field coil primary winding collapse collapse produces high voltage surge secondary winding explain later rotor pointing side terminal distributor cap connected spark plug ready fire
fig illustrates simple vacuum pump cylinder snug fitting piston fig piston end cylinder obviously air surfaces pull piston cylinder fig large area face piston end cylinder air piston fits snugly cylinder air large area air words vacuum drill hole closed end cylinder fig air immediately rush fill cylinder material fuel mixture happened surrounding air drawn cylinder cylinder piston fig forms vacuum cylinder piston engine piston top cylinder valves closed turned crankshaft piston drawn cylinder forms strong vacuum cylinder open intake valve air rush cylinder called intake stroke stroke engine intake
job piston performs difficult subjected intense heat burning fuel change directions blurring speeds hounded friction cylinder walls addition piston receives tremendous thrust power firing stroke piston survives forces thousands miles driving tribute engineering skill engine manufacturers pistons aluminum aluminum pistons tin plated allow breaking job engine started aluminum pistons forged commonly cast aluminum piston light purposes advantage cast iron type piston change direction travel end stroke speeds excess thousand revolutions minute rpm obvious lighter piston efficient cast iron material pistons slow speed engine excellent wear characteristics perform admirably engine suited needs pistons designed operate silicon aluminum cylinders iron plated aluminum pistons carefully fitted engine cylinders prevent tipping side side hold burning fuel charges pistons tight form vacuum compress exhaust burned gases
connecting rods generally alloy steel drop forged shape machined customary shape utilizes beam construction rods built aluminum generally small engines designed light duty small engines utilize rod material upper lower bearing surfaces special aluminum rods high speed high performance engines purchased specialty machine shops mentioned upper end connecting rod bronze bushing bearing surface rod bolted pressed piston pin special bearing bearings case piston boss holes lower end termed precision insert bearing rod bearing hole bored larger crank journal insert bearing rod journal bearing insert turn rod held place locking lip insert notch rod insert fit rod snugly order transfer heat connecting rod insure proper fit insert protrude small amount rod bore parting surface distance called crush height rod halves drawn inserts touch halves forcing insert tightly place insert started steel shell
study figs show typical cylinder valve head engine solid blue lines lubrication direct pressure dotted blue areas lubricated splash dripping spray oil mist engine oil soon contaminated dust bits carbon metal dust sludge impurities allowed remain oil hasten engine wear modern engines equipped oil filtering system remove harmful impurities materials tried effort find satisfactory filtering medium cotton waste special fibers metal clay paper auto engines cotton waste paper filters general heavy duty engines employ metal filter contaminants build quickly filters eventually clog replaced replacement varies average miles filter fig illustrates filtering principle metal cotton paper filters oil filters permanent metal container holds filtering element disposable type entire filter container thrown oil pumped container surrounds filter oil passes filtering element center outlet pipe returned sump bearings depending type system bypass filters part oil supplied pump goes filter flexible hose tubing connect engine
retarding ignition timing tends engine operate higher temperature event extremely hot weather heavy loads constant air conditioner prolonged idling traffic engine temperature rise excessive levels guard systems temperature operated bypass valve engine temperature exceeds predetermined level deg idle case system shown fig bypass valve routes intake manifold vacuum directly distributor vacuum advance overrides controls advances ignition timing speeding idle rpm speedup advanced timing returns engine temperature safe levels peak combustion chamber flame temperature exceeds deg nitrogen air mixes oxygen produce oxides nitrogen nox introducing portion hot exhaust gases intake manifold incoming fuel charge diluted flame temperatures lowered turn reduces level nox emission fig shows method admitting exhaust gas intake manifold note gas flows floor jets amount exhaust gas recirculated controlled egr valve pictured fig valve vacuum diaphragm operated valve vacuum tube connected port carburetor air horn located throttle valve closed idle position
throttle valve closed slow engine idle speed main discharge nozzle stops supplying fuels engine stall nozzle fails feed gasoline throttle closed rush air air horn cut notice fig additional passage added branches main discharge tube runs low speed jet economizer jet idle port idle port runs idle screw port enters air horn slightly beneath throttle valve vacuum throttle strong vacuum vacuum pull idle screw port vacuum draw fuel bowl low speed jet calibrates controls amount passes fuel pulled economizer vacuum drawing air bypass air bleed openings fuel mixed air travels economizer meters flow tends mix fuel air proportions controlled size air bleed bypass low speed jet openings moving passage idle port mixture arrives idle screw port amount drawn engine determined position idle adjustment screw
clutch mechanism designed connect disconnect transmission power working part types clutches accomplish general purpose chapter concerns clutch modern automobiles standard transmissions function connect disconnect flow power engine transmission drive line clutch transmit engine power transmission manner allow car start smooth fashion clutch facilitate shifting transmission gears allow engine operate car stopped placing transmission neutral gear clutch popular single plate dry disc type consists basically major parts flywheel clutch disc pressure plate springs pressure plate housing cover linkage operate clutch illustrate basic clutch construction operation part discussed order addition smooth engine operation provide base starter ring gear flywheel forms foundation entire clutch attached clutch side machined smooth provide friction surface holes drilled flywheel provide means mounting clutch assembly hole center flywheel bearing installed hole cases actually drilled crankshaft
car motion drive line turn output shaft continuously result sliding gears whirling attempt mesh cluster gears tend stop clutch depressed gear teeth subjected damaging impact forces sound grinding gears shifting results sliding gear teeth literally smashing cluster gear obvious gear mesh quietly damage gears rotating nearly speed transmissions equipped device called synchronizer job move ahead unit meshed seize unit bring rotational speed units units rotating speed meshed fig simplified version illustrating principle synchronizing device input shaft stopped clutch disengaged order mesh whirling splined hub output shaft splined recess input shaft start input shaft turning notice cone ring extension hub ring supported pins fit holes hub ring held springs sliding hub moved splined recess ring touch cone shaped bottom recess
standard transmission shifted high gear ratio engine drive shaft cruising mph depending size differential gear ratio engine turning rpm sufficient horsepower road fairly level reasonable road speed engine propel car lower gear ratio advantage fact unit called overdrive offered car makers overdrive mechanical unit bolts rear standard transmission transmission output shaft drives overdrive overdrive output shaft turns drive shaft shafts series units including planetary gearset function provide lower gear ratio approximately fig shows ratio low high overdrive gear advantage overdrive reduces engine speed percent maintaining road speed reduction engine speed increased fuel mileage reduces engine noise prolongs engine overdrive works satisfactorily provided engine sufficient power propel car overdrive gear lugging straining pull reasonable road speed maintained road fairly level overdrive guarantee higher top speeds illegal highway car speed increases wind resistance raises quickly high speeds wind produce resistance forward motion comparable climbing grade hill
vehicle traveling level forward motion wheels strike bump spring regardless type rapidly compressed compressed spring attempt return normal loaded length rebound causing body car lifted compressed spring stored energy rebound past normal length upward movement car assists rebounding past normal length weight car push spring car traveling downward energy built descending body push spring normal loaded height spring rebound process called spring oscillation repeated car finally uncontrolled spring oscillation uncomfortable ride handling car extremely dangerous overcome spring oscillation dampening device called shock absorber types shock absorbers designed vane type opposed piston popular front rear hydraulic double direct acting telescoping shock shocks referred airplane type shocks end shock mounted frame end attached axle spring attempts compress rebound action hindered shock absorber frame attempts rise fall relation axle shock telescope
special shock absorbers called superlift shocks makers basically normal shock absorber rubber boot added boot forms seal outer shock sections forming air chamber air control valve admitted shock air chamber shock forced lengthen action raises car exhausting air shocks lowers car minimum air pressure psi maintained shock times prevent boot friction schematic entire automatic level control system illustrated fig car bodies suspended type spring devices isolate irregularities road body frame unit rigid strong provide secure anchorage suspension system provide positive alignment securing parts cars separate frames integral frame body type construction separate frame constructed steel channels cold riveted cross members provide mounting bracing points types springs suspend car leaf spring coil spring torsion bar air spring modern practice individual wheel suspension front car accomplished mounting wheel assembly ends pivoting control arms springs system
tilting top kingpin case ball joint top steering knuckle rear car center line swivel steering point front point tire encounters road places point resistance forward motion steering center line wheel forced track automatically lining moving car referred positive caster positive caster tends force wheels travel straight ahead position assists recovery wheels turning straight ahead position making turn late model cars positive caster positive caster makes difficult turn wheels straight ahead position caster angle present effect positive caster mild tipping effect cornering making hand turn hand wheel steering knuckle raise slightly left hand wheel allow knuckle lower creates tipping effect obvious raising side car inside turn adverse effect cornering ability wheels turned left left side raises side drops ease turning cars employ negative caster angle tipping top steering knuckle front car
cooling process removing heat object heat form energy affect temperature change object heat produces effects expansion contraction vaporization burning freezing effects removal addition heat heat transfer affected convection conduction radiation heat transfers hot object colder object latent hidden heat heat absorbed change water changed liquid vapor deal heat applied affecting change temperature latent heat hidden vapor refrigerant substance refrigeration systems boils minus deg pressure sea level colorless tasteless heavier air liquid vapor handled care automotive refrigeration system consists basically receiver sight glass expansion valve evaporator suction throttling valve compressor muffler condenser system operating high pressure refrigerant liquid collects receiver receiver strains impurities removes moisture refrigerant receiver refrigerant moves line expansion valve expansion valve reduces pressure meters amount low pressure liquid refrigerant evaporator amount admitted depend cooling load low pressure liquid refrigerant enters evaporator warmed air passing coils
country aptly referred nation wheels fact essence economic growth dependent part continued improvement advancement automobile automotive field large today employs workers nation chapter concern careers directly connected automotive maintenance repair found modern garage service center cleaning called steam clean engine underbody portion car wash wax exterior finish vacuuming window upholstery cleaning installation seat covers undoubtedly delegated part spent delivery moving cars occasional assist mechanics parts personnel cleaning department provide opportunity demonstrate ability hard working responsible plenty chances observe involved areas coupled additional study prepare advancement ready move cleaning lubrication department lubrication area involves lubricating working parts car checking oil levels engine transmission differential includes inspection battery brake master cylinder radiator general inspection parts critical safe operation steering system springs shock absorbers brake lines parking brake linkage tires
difficult say salary expect depends type performed location geographical job employer prevailing business conditions job supply demand exert definite influence mechanics salaries suffice say mechanics earn living salaries line types technical jobs auto mechanics receive percentage customer labor charge rates jobs fixed skilled mechanic able jobs unskilled mechanic result earn money starting learn trade apprentice program student apprentice mechanic earn percent journeyman mechanic income rate gradually increased apprentice earn percent journeyman rate months apprenticeship working hours week vary hours instances mechanics exceed hours overtime salary generally paid hours set union holidays vacations pay increasingly mechanics increasing cars addition complex items car provided lucrative field qualified mechanics learn trade hardworking conscientious person able readily find employment small owned shops started mechanics
method drill hole section flat steel place broken stud weld strip stud nut large fit stud welded welding careful fire damage parts arc welder job quickly minimal amount heating stud broken flush slightly surface thin sharp pointed punch try driving broken section counterclockwise direction stub turn easily getting results stop try method screw extractor results center punch exact center stub drill stub small diameter drill run drill trifle smaller stud minor diameter lightly tap extractor shell remains wrench sharp edges flutes grip shell exert force extractor break removal extractor segment present real problem event methods previously fail select proper tap size drill running stub shell carefully tap hole properly tap remove shell threads leaving original threads hole undamaged drilling drill stub drill damage part
snap rings position shafts bearings gears internal external snap rings numerous sizes shapes snap ring spring steel expanded contracted depending type order removed installed special snap ring pliers careful installing removing snap rings overexpansion contraction distort ruin snap ring sprung shape throw attempt pound shape compress expand snap rings pry end free groove slide shaft ruin ring setscrews lock position pulleys parts shafts setscrew hardened tips drive heads mind setscrews poor driving devices slip shaft conjunction woodruff key merely position unit general rule install unit woodruff key setscrew shaft flat spot screw tip spot aligned running screw rivets metals including brass aluminum soft steel find applications automobile installed cold contraction allow side movement parts fig shows types rivets rivets important considerations parts joined held tightly riveting
tubing hose parts car brake systems fuel delivery vacuum applications air conditioning transmission fluid cooling engine cooling heating power steering lubrication instrumentation utilize tubing hose instances selecting working tubing part repair jobs imperative mechanic familiar types application proper installation annealed soft copper half hard copper steel aluminum plastic stainless steel materials manufacturing tubing found automotive field commonly types steel copper copper easily bent steel strong fig shows amount pressure kinds od diameter tubing wall thickness withstand considered safe working pressures safety factor material times stronger anticipated working pressure desired studying fig obvious mechanic material tubing working fairly accurate knowledge pressures temperature produced system tubing mind power steering braking systems develop pressure excess pounds copper tubing rustproof easy bend forms joints
disconnect gas tank fuel pump line vacuum lines oil pressure gauge line line attached engine remove air cleaner cover carburetor plastic bag disconnect carburetor linkage transmission throttle valve rod disconnect exhaust pipe exhaust manifold disconnect clutch linkage transmission control rods transmission pulled engine disconnect speedometer cable transmission connection drain engine transmission remove oil filter automatic transmission remove fluid cooler lines tape lines prevent entry dirt disconnect propeller shaft wire remove transmission parking brake controls remove exhaust pipe fuel brake line support brackets attached engine transmission remove starter alternator power steering pump moved side models removed check items removed pulling tubing hose careful kink damage cover ends hose tubing tape prevent entry dirt practice wire control rod removed put fasteners place speed reassembly avoid improper placing fasteners attach puller cable strap bar suitable spot eyebolts head cap screws removed puller brackets reinstalled
lifter possess correct leakdown rate characteristic leakdown rate length takes weight move plunger lifter filled test fluid top travel measured distance bottom test tool similar fig test leakdown rate follows raise weight arm ram place lifter special sleeve inside test cup cup sufficient clean test fluid completely cover lifter lower ram push rod seat swing weight arm ram depress lifter plunger weight arm completely fill lifter fluid number strokes notice firm resistance compression stroke give arm additional fast pumps air expelled raise weight arm allow plunger rise stop ring watch hand place weight ram instant indicator needle begins move observe give cup lever complete turn seconds plunger depressed indicator needle traveled prescribed distance check seconds elapsed manufacturers specs acceptable leakdown rate leakdown tester shown fig push rod seat removed lifter submerged clean kerosene
mark bearing caps removal remove light tapping prying remove crank carefully place journals damaged caps place torqued check main bearing bores distortion alignment bore roundness alignment corrected align boring undersize bearings bores clean crankshaft oil lightly check finish accuracy journals journals smooth free excessive taper roundness wear check crankshaft alignment blocks dial indicator support properly runout exceed crankshafts straightened bending heat roundness taper wear corrected grinding grinding journals fillets polished produce surface finish micro inches smoother severely damaged journals built prior grinding undersizing journals excess questionable store crankshaft end support properly prevent set bearing inserts proper spread crush clean oiled snapped clean bore exact size required sure oil holes aligned locating lugs recess check bearing clearance plastigage engine car push crank checking rear main oil seals carefully installed thin coating gasket cement cap block parting surfaces
occasionally bottom gas tank shoved striking object tank straightened removing tank car completely filling water plug vent tube place nonvented cap filler neck admit air pickup tube air exerts pressure water dented area bulge outward sure admit pressure pop dent fill tank water applying air pressure air tank rupture fly dangerous fashion disconnect fuel line gas tank fuel pump electric pumps gas tank cases disconnect line carburetor filter whichever line comes direct air blast fuel pump end gas tank blow clean line remains restricted check dented kinked spot tank removed cleaning clean fuel line blow line carburetor pump remove line filter applying pressure replace filter flex hose fuel pump fuel line fuel line rarely needs repair dented severed corroded damaged section removed replaced section tubing
remove clean gas tanks contaminated water dirt rusty replace care prevent fire explosion solder braze gas tank required safety precautions observed strap tank securely place vent pipe hole open remove dents filling water applying low air pressure clean fuel lines disconnecting tank fuel pump blow compressed air fuel pump tank replace rusted pinched cracked line check flex hose cracking plastic lines heat check fittings test fuel pump pressure volume pump fails pressure volume tests check vacuum leak inlet side line tank pump test booster portion combination fuel vacuum pump fuel pumps repaired kits nonserviceable scribe parts disassembly clean replace defective parts reassemble install test careful rocker arm contact surface bears correctly eccentric fasteners force pump position pump testing check fuel filters clean replace required vapor lock caused overheating fuel causing vaporize carburetor adjustments accurate manual specifications carburetor serviced remember sound engine ignition system supply fuel essential
primary wiring condition terminals clean tight battery fully charged properly connected check primary system excessive resistance basic voltmeter tests battery coil coil ground starting ignition circuit test test primary system components ignition switch coil condenser points check coil distributor towers burning flashover corrosion coil polarity correct spark plug center electrode negative polarity change coil polarity reversing coil leads secondary wiring clean condition properly affixed terminals wire ends boots place inserted towers full depth handle plug wires carefully yank loose pull boot terminal rubber jacket avoid sharp bends plug wires resistance arrange prevent cross firing firing order order starts number cylinder proceeds clockwise counterclockwise depending distributor rotation changing secondary wires mark wires mark number distributor tower removal boots inspect inside distributor cap carbon tracking caused flashover replace rotor burned worn breaker points clean dull slate gray normal properly aligned correctly gapped clean points thin point file flexible stone emery cloth breaker arm rubbing block lubricated thin coat high temperature grease cam breaker arm tension adjusted moving bending breaker arm spring
hydraulic slave cylinder actuate throw fork check master cylinder fluid level add fluid required flush contaminated chapter brakes servicing hydraulic units check master cylinder slave cylinder line connections leaks fluid level low adjust pedal free travel specifications typical slave cylinder setup shown fig note adjustment nuts alter length pushrod method applying pressure pressure plate usual setup series coil springs diaphragm spring pictured fig arrangement heavy mainspring applies pressure actuator turn transmits pressure adjuster throw lever fork fork pushes throw bearing pressure plate levers levers designed pressure force pressure plate disc throw bearing obviously contact pressure plate levers times driving depressing clutch pedal pulls throw bearing clutch levers releases pressure pressure plate causing free driven disc type throw bearing heavier design factory lubricated proper service linkage arrangement adjusting pedal free travel
cleaning run engine fast idle bring transmission fluid normal operating temperature place lift engine running examine leaks shifting transmission drive ranges help starting existing leak watch carefully sign fluid leak leaks apparent operate car road miles frequent starts stops place car lift recheck leaks fluid flows converter housing mean loose converter drain plug leaking converter defective front seal housing case fastener leak fig illustrates leakage points flow fluid typical converter housing assembly converter leaks leaking drain plug front seal leak require transmission removal pan speedometer fitting shift lever shafts rear seal extension housing case cooler line fitting leaks repaired transmission place leak result porous casting satisfactory repair epoxy resin operate car transmission reaches full operation temperature clean case mark leakage area apply coats nonexplosive solvent leakage surrounding area blow dry scrubbing immediately final scrubbing apply air dry mix batch epoxy resin follow directions apply heavy coating case
automatic transmissions permit push starting instructions supplied manufacturer car started pushing turn ignition place selector lever neutral car pushed road speed reaches miles hour point move selector low range car start procedure general procedure starting sure follow manufacturer specific recommendations tow car start engine starts resultant forward surge car strike towing vehicle rear end propeller shaft transmission sound condition car towed neutral nominal speed exceed mph distance greater miles generally makers caution towing distances exceeding miles check fluid level towing transmission drive line components inoperative rear end raised clear road car towed raising rear wheels removing propeller shaft differential end tie shaft securely large percentage transmission problems solved car service procedures current practice speed automatic transmissions utilizing torque converter compound planetary gear set clutches bands torque converter drives transmission multiple link chain front wheel drive auto
insure safe efficient steering power steering manual system receive periodic inspections raise car inspect steering linkage connections check ball sockets looseness shaking center link tie rods check idler arm mounting fasteners check pitman arm retaining nut tension inspect tie rod sleeve adjusters sleeve clamp bolts check steering arm fasteners cotter pins place tighten loose fasteners replace worn joints leaking grease seals check bent parts section linkage tie rod end replacement later chapter linkage power steering setup check power piston control valve physical damage leaking repair replace needed check lubricant level steering gear manual type check gear alignment turn gear full left full detect roughness bind shake steering wheel moving front wheels engine check gear wear maladjustment needed adjust worm shaft thrust preload pitman shaft center preload inspect flexible coupling gear housing steering shaft carefully inspect power steering belts glazing rotting cracking swelling replace needed excessive belt squeal occurs sharp turning front wheels belt loose adjusted adjustment checked belt tension gauge replace adjust belt needed power steering belt adjustment replacement later chapter
steering wheel steering shaft steering gear pitman arm linkage steering arms spindle body steering system components check lubricant level manual steering gear periodically recommended lubricant adding type steering gear design recirculating ball worm nut manual steering gears adjustments worm bearing preload center adjustment worm bearing preload adjustment care turning steering gear extreme left pitman arm disconnected accurate torque wrench spring scale check adjust steering gear pitman arm disconnected steering system critical safe operation vehicle carefully basic types power steering systems linkage type contained integral type line power steering gear basic adjustments thrust bearing preload worm rack piston preload pitman shaft center preload repairing power steering gears care dirt parts avoid denting nicking parts force parts seals gaskets lubricate parts assembly steering gear properly aligned steering shaft adjust steering wheel spoke position turning tie rod adjusting sleeves steering wheel hub shaft marks aligned installing steering wheel align marks torque retaining nut stake cement prevent loosening power steering pumps vane slipper roller types
manifold gauge set connected system means schrader valves regular gauge connections gauge valves front seated position connecting set leak detection torch type leak detector recommended search hose bottom joint leak torch flame change pale blue yellow green bright blue purple depending severity leak breathe smoke produced refrigerant contacting torch flame discharge system slowly prevent compressor oil drawn discharge refrigerant service exhaust outlet system evacuated recommended length vacuum deduct vacuum ft elevation evacuation removes air moisture system charge system partial charge evacuation test leaks discharge final evacuation charge system amount refrigerant charging tank lb cans refrigerant tank heated charging water hotter high pressure side system charged liquid refrigerant charge low side vapor charge drawn top tank vapor drawn bottom tank tank upside charge liquid
portugal european nation launch voyages exploration chiefly responsible prince henry known navigator keenly interested sea founded school navigation expeditions explore western coast africa death portuguese mariners discovered azores cape verde islands atlantic ventured miles african coast prince henry death portuguese continued press southward finally bartholomew diaz rounded cape hope southern tip africa ten later vasco da sailed africa indian ocean india opening water route east result voyage center europe commerce orient shifted mediterranean atlantic portugal leading commercial nation europe developed flourishing trade established trading posts india southeast asia christopher columbus italian navigator believed earth round reach east sailing westward atlantic tried secure financial support voyage finally king ferdinand queen isabella spain hoping bring wealth prestige country agreed finance august columbus departed palos spain small crew ships santa maria pinta nina
king james england issued charter london company establish colony group merchants planted permanent english settlement america jamestown virginia located mouth james river empties atlantic start wrong venture interested chiefly finding gold colonists concern planting crops building homes site chosen settlement swampy unhealthful result half settlers died famine disease months indians added hardship colonists frequent attacks settlement captain john smith adventurer soldier goes credit saving colony took command settlement demanded able perform building homes planting crops succeeded obtaining food indians injury smith returned england leadership colony perished winter known starving fresh supplies additional settlers jamestown colony remained verge failure important took place main reasons lack early progress colonists merely employees london company property including land belonged governorship sir thomas dale interest agriculture stimulated granting tracts land individual settlers
farming chief occupation colonies engaged efforts tenths supplied necessities farms varied size type typical american colonist lived small supporting family operated farm travel slow difficult backwoods areas colonial family rely needs farmer cleared land raised food family needed built house furniture farm implements tools wife took care vegetable garden poultry preserved food winter candles soap spun wool linen yarn wove cloth called homespun family clothing necessity reliance gave colonial farmer feeling independence love freedom sense responsiblity average england farm small produced food primarily family left sale main crop corn maize grown barley rye flax making linen variety vegetables fruits farmers raised chickens pigs owned horses pair oxen cattle possibly sheep middle colonies known bread colonies abundant grain crops wheat corn farmers planted fruit orchards grew vegetables cultivated flax raised poultry cattle sheep hogs horses
domestic problem facing government nation finances money borrowed foreign sources american citizens continental congress confederation government repaid individual states saddled large debts addition federal treasury empty money needed operate government alexander hamilton secretary treasury fell task placing nation finances sound foundation achieve goal hamilton offered recommendations congress nation owed million foreign creditors restore credit abroad hamilton proposed entire debt paid full measure approved objection nation owed million americans revolution government borrowed money selling bonds private individuals bond written promise form certificate document pay loan interest bonds redeemed paid government paying cash soldiers pay certificates promises pay later date settled war original holders sold bonds pay certificates speculators ten cents dollar sure government pay debts incurred existence hamilton proposed government redeem bonds full
morocco algiers tunis tripoli located coast north africa called barbary states practice seize foreign ships passing mediterranean loot cargoes hold crews ransom united states maritime nations europe paid large sums money barbary states ships molested jefferson administration ruler tripoli demanded higher tribute united states president refused tripoli declared war jefferson small squadron ships blockade tripoli stephen decatur young naval lieutenant performed daring exploit war night sneaked harbor tripoli destroyed american ship tripoli captured converted warship american blockade finally forced tripoli sue peace promise leave american ships united states continued pay tribute barbary states american shipping unmolested united states war england algiers seized american merchant ships passing algerian coast imprisoned american citizens president madison stephen decatur fleet ships stop raids decatur captured algerian warships brought fleet harbor algiers ruler country agreed stop interfering american commerce remaining barbary states forced guarantee safety ships
charters issued original colonies contained grants land extending atlantic indefinitely westward eastern region settled pioneers fur traders began penetrate area west appalachian mountains western lands assumed importance claims western lands overlapped bitter disputes arose states ownership states fixed boundaries maryland argued western territory national property controlled governed congress benefit states maryland refused ratify articles confederation western claims relinquished break deadlock threatened confederation york agreed yield claims states suit national government articles confederation acquired possession nation western lands territory appalachian mountains mississippi river area south ohio river known southwest region north ohio northwest revolution pioneers north carolina virginia established settlements vicinity watauga river northeastern tennessee attracted fertility land abundance game pioneers soon settled rich valleys cumberland tennessee kentucky rivers tributaries numbers western states settled admitted union kentucky tennessee
union forces general irvin mcdowell crossed potomac attacked confederate army bull run manassas junction virginia inexperienced union troops badly defeated equally inexperienced confederacy southern general thomas jackson earned title stonewall bravery battle general george mcclellan led northern forces drive richmond peninsula formed york james rivers lee jackson met northern forces days battle compelled mcclellan retire southerners inflicted defeat union forces general john pope battle bull run lee victories invasion maryland fought losing battle antietam withdrew virginia president lincoln seized failure lee invasion north opportune moment issue emancipation proclamation final union campaign general ambrose burnside rash attempt richmond met lee jackson fredericksburg driven heavy losses spring lee defeated union army fighting joe hooker chancellorsville northern virginia southern victory offset loss stonewall jackson accidentally killed undertaking invasion north lee led army maryland southern pennsylvania general george meade command union army met confederates gettysburg
discovery gold pikes peak colorado gold silver nevada brought rush miners prospectors areas gold found idaho montana wyoming later rich strikes black hills south dakota arizona discoveries touched mining boom rocky mountain region similar california hundreds remote places mining towns tents shanties sprang overnight eager fortune hunters staked claims dug precious metals ore deposits exceedingly rich virginia city nevada comstock lode yielded million gold silver nearly billion worth gold silver mines rocky mountain area diggings rough lawless early days california gold rush protection law abiding citizens formed local governments organized vigilance committees track punish desperadoes prospectors failed strike rich settled ranching farming drifted easily mined surface deposits gold silver exhausted took jobs mining companies formed companies existence mining surface required large sums money sinking shafts erecting tunnels purchasing expensive machinery
farmers groups national farmers union american farm bureau federation farm bloc members congress democratic republican farm states congress passed variety laws designed help farmer early farm loan act provided establishment federal land banks farmers secure term mortgage loans reasonable rates interest intermediate credit act provided short term loans crop financing additional credit facilities measures farm credit act consolidate activity federal agencies making loans farmers federal government set farm credit administration fca capper volstead act exempted agricultural associations monopoly provisions antitrust laws encouraged farmers join cooperatives process market crops aid packers wholesalers middlemen eliminating middlemen farmers receive greater share price paid consumer present farmers cooperatives membership million nearly billion worth business annually agricultural adjustment act aaa sought raise farm prices cutting production farmers paid government withdrawing cultivation acreage growing corn wheat cotton staples supreme court declared important sections act unconstitutional congress passed soil conservation domestic allotment act
civil rights acts enacted bitter debate sweeping laws passed congress assure equal rights negroes granted federal government additional authority speed school desegregation curb violations voting rights negroes end racial discrimination employers unions law outlawed segregation public accommodations hotels restaurants stores theaters segregation public accommodations practice southern negroes deeply resented earlier efforts gain equal access facilities boycotts demonstrations sit tactics met success tactics aroused bitterness southern whites resulted outbursts racial violence southern cities passage civil rights act desegregation public facilities proceeded peaceful orderly fashion number efforts obtain passage law ban discrimination housing unsuccessful opposition measure finally overcome result active support coalition democratic republican liberals congress growing concern civil unrest black nation cities recommendations president national advisory commission civil disorders including recommendation enforceable federal open housing law horror assassination negro civil rights leader martin luther king jr civil rights act prohibited discrimination sale rental houses apartments set legal machinery enforcing law
taft administration revolution took place central american country nicaragua united states viewed situation alarm nicaragua close panama canal route canal american bankers extended loan nicaragua stabilize finances assure repayment took management country customs banking railroad systems native revolt threatened upset arrangements taft detachment marines maintain order american occupation forces remained nicaragua continuously taft frequently supported progressive legislation generally considered conservative signed high duty payne aldrich tariff act dismissed ardent conservationist gifford pinchot chief united states forest service critical taft conservatism roosevelt opposed taft bid term decided seek republican presidential nomination republicans dominated conservative faction renominated taft roosevelt supporters broke formed progressive party chose candidate roosevelt repeated statement felt strong bull moose party popularly called bull moose party platform called lower tariff broad program conservation strict government regulation big business woman suffrage hour prohibition child labor democratic party convention liberals conservatives fought control
early relations united states latin america friendly united states sympathized latin americans struggle gain freedom spain beginning century united states country recognize independence american nations monroe doctrine warning europe hands americas protected newly created states efforts secretary james blaine nations north central south america held inter american conference established bureau purpose exchanging commercial information mutual interest bureau later known pan american union headquarters washington pan american building gift andrew carnegie spanish american war america popularity nations latin america declined neighbors south began fear distrust yankee imperialism united states annexation puerto rico platt amendment forced cuba accept american interference internal affairs method acquired canal zone roosevelt corollary monroe doctrine led american intervention dominican republic nicaragua haiti dollar diplomacy policy power prestige united states government promote protect american investments foreign countries president franklin roosevelt declared policy united states opposed armed intervention affairs latin america
program kennedy administration labeled frontier received president declaration stand today edge frontier frontier sixties kennedy submitted congress extensive list recommendations legislation requests met mixed reception proposals received enacted requests called programs strongly opposed coalition republicans conservative democrats kennedy proposals failed pass president enacted successor johnson federal aid education broad program medical care aged establishment cabinet level department urban affairs housing tax reduction reform legislation end segregation public facilities strengthen federal government power protect civil rights negroes enacted minimum wage raised hour law extended coverage additional million continuing provisions earlier housing acts congress authorized nearly billion funds help middle income families purchase homes renovate existing expand existing programs urban renewal spur construction hospitals college dormitories provide housing elderly elderly aided passage senior citizens housing act law encouraged building residential medical recreational facilities aged
addition national legislative functions congress engages activities governs district columbia seat nation capital supervises operations government printing office handles government publications maintains library congress houses largest collection books manuscripts papers pamphlets library legislative reference service supplies information special studies assist congressmen legislative responsible united states botanic gardens collections agricultural produce answering congress general accounting office audits government financial records architect capitol maintains grounds buildings capitol senate house office buildings executive branch federal government carries executes laws united states headed president known chief executive nation eligible election office president person native born citizen age resident united states president elected term twenty amendment adopted limits president elected terms elected term served president term case president dies resigns removed impeachment vice president succeeds
patriotism means love country means love land institutions america theodore roosevelt expressed patriotism integral part feeling times merely qualities soul peace war night think duty fellows duty nation william tyler page stated creed patriotic americans wrote believe united states america government powers derived consent governed democracy republic sovereign nation sovereign states perfect union inseparable established principles freedom equality justice humanity american patriots sacrificed lives fortunes believe duty country love support constitution obey laws respect flag defend enemies american flag symbol nation ideals believe daily lives show patriotism reverence respect flag flag united states thirteen horizontal stripes red white red white stripes alternating thirteen stripes represent original thirteen states
steering system front wheels pivoted turned left steers car steering wheel mounted steering shaft extends steering gear wheel turned steering gear swings arm left arm swings pushes pulls rods connected arms front axles movement pivots turns wheels steering brakes slow stop car practically cars brakes operate putting pressure fluid called hydraulic brakes system fluid filled cylinder called master cylinder brake pedal pushed driver fluid forced cylinder fluid flows pipes hoses brake mechanisms wheels fluid forces brakes slows stops wheels car slows stops brake mechanisms wheels figs kinds wheel brake mechanisms drum shoe type disk type drum shoe type curved plates called shoes pressed round drums wheels produce braking disk type flat shoes pressed flat round disks wheels produce braking types discussed later chapters automotive service big business seen general kinds automotive service preventive maintenance repair defects
mentioned combustion produces high temperatures mean high temperatures heat actually heat rapid motion atoms molecules substance hard understand realize atoms molecules substance rapid motion piece iron appears solid motionless atoms molecules moving rapidly atoms piece hot iron move faster atoms piece cold iron simple atoms molecules motion hard understand let look change clearer suppose put pan ice cubes fire ice cubes melt turn water water boils vaporizes change states solid liquid gas vapor change caused speed atoms molecules substance ice molecules water move slowly restricted paths don wander temperature increases molecules move faster soon molecules moving fast break restricted paths ice turns water temperature increases molecules reach speeds allow fly clear water
cylinder engine give pickup operating performance cars larger engines partial solution discuss later cylinder cylinder engine deactivates turns cylinders needed type cylinder engine cuts cylinders car cruising power demands light cylinder engine electronic controls progressively cut cylinders power demands low controls deactivate cylinders immobilizing valves prevent opening closing solution turbocharge engine turbocharging puts air fuel mixture engine cylinders power produced discuss later detail look types cylinder engines figure cutaway view cylinder line engine cylinders arranged row line cylinder line engine overhead camshaft ohc camshaft cylinder head attached clutch transmission differential shown fig engine mounts front car drives front wheels takeoff shafts front wheel lower left fig engine overhead camshaft brought renault
throttle valve tilted air horn allow air flow tilted allow air flow larger amounts air fuel mixture delivered engine engine develops power tends run faster throttle valve tilted throttle air small amounts air fuel mixture delivered engine produces power tends slow throttle valve linked accelerator pedal driver compartment linkage consist series interconnected levers rods levers cable cable consists flexible outer covering sliding wire arrangement movement accelerator pedal throttle valve change position carburetor air horn driver position throttle valve suit operating requirements look hood car check throttle valve linkage acquainted arrangements note throttle linkage controls throttle valve performs functions producing downshift automatic transmission operating conditions noted fuel system vary air fuel ratio suit operating requirements mixture rich high proportion fuel starting leaner lower proportion fuel part throttle medium speed operation figure graph showing typical air fuel ratios related car speeds
piston raised lowered response movement throttle valve throttle valve closed idling position intake manifold vacuum cut throttle body piston spring pushes piston lowest position small amount air flows throttle valve venturi produces vacuum venturi fuel jet deliver fuel idling throttle opened intake manifold vacuum enters throttle body vacuum draws air space piston acting vacuum port lower part piston piston raised vacuum partly compressing piston spring piston moves air pass venturi needle moves jet increasing effective size jet fuel flows mixes air passing piston tapered needle provide properly proportioned mixture air fuel operating condition taper needle critical importance balancing air fuel ratio uniform entire range throttle opening actually pin taper permits additional fuel flow full throttle mixture enriched acceleration full power operation oil damper reservoir part piston acts tiny shock absorber preventing excessive movements piston throttle valve moved vacuum conditions change
regardless injection system pulsed timed continuous system eliminates intake manifold distribution carburetion problems difficult problems carbureted system air fuel mixture cylinder intake manifold casting passages ports widths lengths difficult design system cylinders receive amount richness air fuel mixture air flows readily corners variously shaped passages gasoline heavier unable travel easily bends corners intake manifold result gasoline particles continue move end manifold accumulating puddling enriches mixture going end cylinder shown fig center cylinder closest carburetor leanest mixture air fuel mixture leaving carburetor rich care difference supply center cylinders sufficiently rich mixture cylinders fire means end cylinders richer mixture fire tend produce excessive amounts hc exhaust figure shows fuel injection system solves intake manifold distribution problem calibrated nozzle fuel injector located intake valve cylinder
battery requires considerable amount water overcharged current supplied battery damaging condition overworks active materials battery shortens battery addition overcharging rapid loss water battery electrolyte water replaced frequently electrolyte level likely fall tops plates exposes plates separators air ruin battery overcharge battery plates buckle crumble battery subjected severe overcharging soon ruined overcharging experienced suspected charging system checked serviced prevent overcharging battery discharged recharged outlined later chapter addition attempt determine trouble caused charging system malfunctioning defective connections charging circuit alternator battery excessive load demands battery defective battery permitting battery stand idle periods discharges excessively addition battery low specific gravity reading approaching failure active materials plates converted lead sulfate discharge noted sulfate reconverted active material recharge battery stands periods discharged condition lead sulfate converted hard crystalline substance
ac generator alternator produces alternating current battery ignition system electrical components automobile ac dc units ac output rectified changed dc automotive alternators built diode rectifiers diode electronic device permits current flow direction figure illustrates diodes change ac dc diodes numbered illustration left current ac source follows conductors shown solid diodes permit current flow diodes current flowing wrong direction direction current reversed shown fig diodes pass current diodes circuit fig termed single phase single ac source source result pulsating current single cylinder engine provide smooth flow power series peaks power delivered provide smoother flow current ac generators built stator circuits effect give overlapping pulses ac rectified smooth flow dc obtained
wiring circuit american motors corporation electronic ignition system looks contact point system addition electronic control unit actually wiring circuits electronic ignition systems look pretty alike figure shows disassembled distributor electronic ignition system distributors contact point systems contact points replaced sensor trigger wheel mechanical centrifugal vacuum advance controls distributor mounted driven contact point distributors shaft trigger wheel rotate spokes wheel swing past sensor assembly coil sensor magnetically detects movement spoke change magnetic field coil coil instantly sends voltage pulse control unit spoke passes control unit opens circuit battery ignition coil magnetic field coil collapses high voltage surge produced coil secondary surge carried high voltage cables distributor cap rotor spark plug cable plug ready fire ignition coil distributor cap rotor cables exactly contact point system notice fig trigger wheel spokes cylinder cylinder engine designed
clean inspect valve guides note condition valve seats ball studs heads cover servicing valve guides ball studs seats later warpage detected laying straightedge gasket surface head check crossways longways specification calls inch maximum straight requires head machining head gasket surface straight check gasket surface head nicks rough spots removed fine cut mill file head engine requires machining remove gasket surface roughness head machined amount uniform compression manifold alignment lost remember removing metal gasket surface lowers head respect intake manifold compensating amount machined manifold restore alignment reassemble cylinder head explained later valve springs rocker arms parts place install head follows gasket installing head check cylinder block sure gasket surface flat condition sure traces gasket material removed block bolt holes block present cleaned cylinder block studs present condition cylinder head bolts cleaned wire brush wheel
difficult remove bearing caps engine car front cross member close engine cars engine lifted clearance remove cap rear main bearing cap hard remove interference parts planning check journals bearings remove bearing caps checks crankshaft engine connecting rods detached main bearing caps removed caps marked replaced journals removed remove cap remove nuts bolts bend lock washer tangs disconnect oil lines lock washers reassembling cap sticks loose carefully avoid nicking cracking engines bearing cap puller puller screwed oil coupling hole engines screwdriver pry bar cap loose tapping cap lightly side brass hammer loosen heavy hammering prying nick crack cap bend dowel pins damage dowel holes case bearing fit cap replaced early bearing failure occur
tachometer measures engine speed revolutions minute rpm test instrument idle speed adjusted specific rpm tests specific engine speeds tachometers connected ignition system operate electrically triggered magnet crankshaft sensed magnetic probe electric tachometer measures number times primary circuit interrupted minute translates engine rpm tachometer selector knob turned number cylinders engine tested figure shows tachometer connected engine high performance cars tachometers mounted instrument panel tell driver fast engine turning rpms engine develops maximum torque lets driver performance engine tachometers red line top rpm dial red line marks danger point engine speed driver engine speed car tachometers mechanical electrical driven gear ignition distributor shaft operate speedometer cylinder compression tester measures ability cylinders hold compression pressure operates diaphragm tester needle face tester move pressure applied
logic control unit senses rapid drop frequency ac signals modulators front car figure shows locations front wheel rear wheel modulators hydraulic pressure master cylinder wheel cylinders calipers passes modulators logic control unit senses wheel skid tells modulator wheel ease words logic control signals modulator reduce hydraulic pressure brake wheel pressure reduced braking effect wheel reduced lockup prevented figure shows stoplight switch cars brake pedal pushed braking switch contacts stoplight switch close action connects stoplights battery stoplights figure shows action braking percent american built cars power brakes power brakes light pressure required brake car brake pedal pushed vacuum operated device takes job pushing pistons master cylinder vacuum comes intake manifold engine figure simplified drawing shows system works system includes cylinder tight fitting piston move
fixed caliper brakes brake shoes replaced removing caliper assembly car hoist jack stand remove wheel pairs pliers pull tabs pull shoe installing shoes push pistons slip joint pliers remove fluid master cylinder pushing pistons force fluid master cylinder overflow discard fluid dirty floating caliper brake remove wheel caliper replace brake shoes remove thirds fluid master cylinder section feeding disk brakes discard fluid raise car remove wheel cover wheel clamp shown fig tighten force piston cylinder remove mounting bolts lift caliper support wire hook hang brake hose remove shoes remove sleeves bushings caliper ears reinstallation install sleeves bushings shoes put shoe side caliper removed sure piston pushed cylinder position caliper disk attach bolts clinch upper ears outboard shoe hold place
air conditioner refrigerator cool dry air works refrigerators homes discuss air conditioning understand refrigerators refrigeration works evaporation evaporation happens liquid turns gas vapor put water hand blow hand wave vigorously air hand feels cold water evaporates takes heat hand removal heat evaporation basic principle refrigeration heat removed refrigerator evaporation liquid refrigeration system figure simple mean illustration shows refrigerator food jug liquid called freon referred means refrigerant freon liquid temperatures freezing temperatures freon boil turn vapor temperature refrigerator shown fig freon boils evaporates freon evaporates takes heat surrounding objects cools refrigerator refrigerating action continues freon left jug evaporate freon refrigerates called refrigerant couple drawbacks system shown fig
technical information shape construction simple part conveyed person spoken written word addition details makes part mechanism complex designer draftsperson engineer mechanic precise methods describe object adequately picture part photograph help describing object method shows exact sizes cutaway sections machining operations required hand blueprint drawing accurately instruments shop sketch meets requirements accurate description shape construction size blueprints universal language information mechanic designer need furnished blueprint reading refers process interpreting print form mental picture object looks completed training blueprint reading includes development ability visualize manufacturing fabricating processes required part basic principles underlying types lines views apply dimensions inside part looks section mechanic develop understanding universal standards symbols signs techniques draftsperson describe part unit mechanism completely technicians develop fundamental skills making sketches pencil paper record data sketch relating dimensions notes details needed construct part
regularly shaped flat objects require simple machining operations adequately notes view drawing shape object portions cut relieved complex machining fabricating processes represented drawing view sufficient describe part accurately number selection views governed shape complexity object view drawn makes drawing easier read furnishes information needed describe part clearly text student required interpret complex drawings basic principles underlying additional views needed describe true shape object covered application principles typical industrial blueprints combination front top side views represent method commonly draftspersons describe simple objects manner view obtained interpretation view discussed section object drawn examined determine views furnish information required manufacture object surface shown observer looks object called front view draw view draftsperson goes imaginary process raising object eye level turning side seen imaginary transparent plane eye face object parallel object image projected plane formed eye observer
major discovery thomas edison trying find filament incandescent lamp moments tried materials decided carbonized silk material carry current needed heated current heat incandescence give visible light difficulty approach heated carbon oxidized rapidly contact oxygen atmosphere edison understood tried enclosing filament glass envelope evacuating air envelope approach met success filament incandescent minutes oxygen remaining incompletely evacuated envelope burned carbon filament edison enclosed platten photographic flash powder envelope fired powder remove oxygen remaining envelope evacuated practical light bulb success illuminate platten plate enclosed powder completely superfluous remained envelope edison experimenting characteristics lamp noted experimental data filament heated current detected vacuum completed circuit plate phenomenon known edison effect interested english physicist fleming decade later reading edison early data experimentation electric lamp
addition load resistor rl basic circuit fig practical triode amplifying circuit shown fig characteristic curves fig included clarity big difference figure compared fig filament portion practical circuit power derived source economical replace filament voltage source secondary winding power transformer separate voltage source alternate heating cooling filament voltage waveform produce variations number free electrons electron cloud variation carried plate circuit show loud hum amplifier eliminate effects filament encased cylinder metal material coating low function barium oxide filament case acts heater emitting cylinder cathode elements completely isolated heat transfer amount material involved cathode longer able follow variation temperature filament introduce current fluctuations circuit heater circuit eliminated portion schematic diagram order circuit readable functional standpoint
variation potential screen grid small numbers electrons striking eliminated maintain constant voltage bypassing variations screen bypass capacitor similar manner cathode resistor bypassed constant attraction force electrons interesting side effect signal gain tetrode increased triode gains common triode circuits gains hundreds tetrode inclusion screen grid tetrode tube eliminates drawbacks triode planned brings problem secondary emission electrons travel plate increasing velocity plate voltage increased kinetic energies plate increasing velocity reach point additional electrons liberated plate surface electrons slow velocity attracted screen grid plate secondary emission results actual decrease plate current increase plate voltage appears negative resistance makes normal amplification impossible range plate voltages region referred negative resistance curve fig plate voltage increased electrons secondary emission returned plate going screen grid
addition classification according bias amplifier classified output amplifier designed voltage current power voltage amplifier designed maximum voltage amplitude swing thought amount current circuit fact lower current greater efficiency stage unit stated normal amplifier voltage gain equal amplification factor larger load resistance nearly optimum approached tube amplifier practical range load resistance times internal plate resistance tube increases signal voltage plate tube decreases plate current circuit design considerations design tubes modified produce voltage amplification manufacturer design tube voltage amplification grid wires close cathode spacing individual wires small low amplitude grid signal control plate current manufacturer calls type tube high tube amplification factor hundred triode proportional increase amplification factor tetrode pentode noted tube designed manner unable pass large amounts current
large plate current swing dependent grid voltage converted voltage current loudspeaker transformer shown large turns ratio impedance matching case match approximately ohms ohms transformer referred output transformer transformer lower turns ratio instance drive grid stage case referred interstage transformer bias determined proper operation tube cathode resistance ohms cathode bypass capacitor coupling capacitor chosen manner unit determining lowest frequency circuit designed operate common parallel operation tube handle current power required circuit larger power output tube impractical unavailable solution placing tubes type parallel fig shows parallel operation tubes parallel basic circuit fig current subsequent power handling capability circuit essentially single ended circuit previously section follows discusses push pull circuit solution problem application tubes power
methods generating high frequency currents frequencies cycles rotating mechanical devices purely mechanical contactors spark gap oscillators developed middle increased frequency range hundreds kilocycles fig shows typical spark gap circuit capacitor sufficiently charged source high voltage developed capacitor break gap spark discharge result type oscillation early days electrical communication lee deforest introduced control grid fleming valve amplification vacuum tube introducing feedback amplifier circuit tube oscillate discovery extended range frequencies oscillation higher ranges mechanical methods oscillator circuits high frequency currents depend resonant circuits consisting capacitor inductance order understand oscillations set circuit parallel circuit shown fig assume electrons flowing circuit signal voltage applied form positive pulse circuit voltage charges capacitor peak fully charged capacitor discharges inductor causing magnetic field built inductor
knowledge preceding subject dealing camera pickup devices progress electronic television gaged improvements camera pickup tubes iconoscope pickup tubes developed overcame inferior mechanical type disc scanners function electronic pickup tubes compared microphone radio broadcasting microphone picks sound converts mechanical motion electrical impulses camera system pickup device accepts light image transforms image electrical impulses represent total picture image instantaneous signal method scanning image line line incorporated successfully reproduce picture televised image scanning direction synchronization picture reproduction device camera pickup device order intelligible picture reproduced discussion scanning methods systems covered basic television book discussed book pickup devices areas field electronics mention popular types iconoscope tube developed zworykin number camera pickup tubes television devices tube constructed offset tube neck electron gun accelerating anodes geometrically positioned focused electron beam scan mosaic image plate axially line optical image path
fig shows comparison volt ampere characteristics vacuum tube gaseous tube seen application voltage vacuum tube type diode results definite current voltage applied vacuum tube diode current order increase current increase voltage vacuum tube current produced tube proportional voltage electrodes characteristic compared gaseous tube shown fig volt ampere characteristic shown nearly vertical line ionization takes place exceeding ionizing voltage gas current immediately rises maximum current limited load resistance tube ruined words series tube resistance load limit current current limitations tube gaseous tube fixed voltage limit current case switch device series tube produce voltage drop soon conduction started limit current fluorescent light neon bulb cases light produced important function desirable devices connected directly line
mercury vapor inert gas hot cathode gaseous diodes inert gases advantage unaffected temperature mercury vapor characteristics change greatly temperatures caused filament voltage ambient temperature disadvantages inert gases higher ionization voltage results higher tube voltage drops mercury vapor types tube voltage drop load approximately volts mercury vapor diodes drop volts argon diodes cathode voltage operating temperature anode voltage applied prevents ion bombardment cathode tubes mercury vapor gas cathodes heated sufficient allow vapor pressure operating temperature greater heating required tube jarred transit mercury scattered inside tube protective anode load resistance limit anode current rated values gaseous tubes form gaseous tubes cold cathode glow tube device commonly voltage regulators relaxation oscillators chief advantage glow tube characteristic requires power heat cathode advantage important portable electronic controlling equipment diode glow tubes covered extensively units fig shows basic control circuit cold cathode element grid glow tube
circuit addition winding designated nr purpose reset cores leaves gate windings set core provide output load begin analysis circuit consider switch open reset voltage applied core assume control voltage begin core core full reset es drive cores full set end half cycle output half cycle nr assumed open reset cores remain full set cores fire beginning half cycle potential end rl output assume half cycle switch closed reset resistances equal magnitude coil reset fourth half cycle cores fire halfway half cycle potential remains rl output results assume control voltage ec added direction shown negative voltage polarity marked terminal core aid nr resetting core positive voltage polarity marked terminal core oppose nr resetting core
valence electrons occupy electron pair bonds nominally unbound availble carrier current suitable pentavalent valent electrons impurities antimony phosphorus arsenic impurities donate excess negative electron carriers referred donor type impurities crystal type referred type semiconductor application battery type crystal forces free electrons positive voltage terminal electron flows crystal positive terminal electron enters crystal negative terminal manner continuous stream electrons flow crystal trivalent impurity added boron gallium indium electron pair bonds filled vacancy exists fourth bond constitutes hole situation illustrated fig importance hole serve carrier electricity comparable effectiveness free electron mechanism hole serve conductor electricity qualitatively follows bond incomplete hole exists easy electron neighboring atom leave electron pair bond fill hole electron moving bond fill hole leaves hole initial position hole effectively moves direction opposite electron
outstanding features transistor practically indefinite expectancy originally predicted basis transistor construction conduction mechanics wear transistor young experimental data initial predictions usual transistor failure occurs gradually period thousands hours operation transistor developed shockley operating continuous performance degradation generally shows increasing leakage current ico system efficiency gain suffer noticeable increase distortion content variation transistor performance characteristics gradually decreasing output resistance usual amplifier design output resistance order times load resistance decrease ro increase ico single maintenance check measurement current gain sudden failures transistors common normal operation open emitter collector junctions rare early transistors defects attributed faulty assembly manufacture present manufacturing quality control techniques practically eliminated open junction defects transistor shorts common caused overloading transistor power rating exceeded temperature rises quickly increased heating effect encourages diffusion collector region impurities base layer destroy junction
discussed unit cathode ray electron ion beam emitted cathode allowed proceed proper electrostatic charges screen anode electrons drawn cathode soon voltage applied pass tube anode electron beam beam constitutes cathode rays invisible inside wall cathode ray tube coated fluorescent chemical glow point electron beam strikes produce small bright dot color determined chemical persistence screen heart oscilloscope tube electron gun mounted end evacuated glass tube projects cathode ray beam opposite end tube serves screen discussed detail unit electron gun simple device electrons emitted heated cathode spread cloud directions cathode surface confined cylindrical control electrode surrounds cathode electrons escape small hole end disc control electrode emerge hole narrow beam beam passes successfully cylindrical high voltage accelerating anode function anode accelerate electrons directed screen
attempt ordinarily oscilloscope design calibrate spot deflections function voltage chiefly manual amplitude adjustment normal amplifier tube variations means determining voltage deflection amplitude desired circuit incorporated instruments modified square wave generator dual triode output tube fed limiter clipping waveform circuit employs dual triode triode section acts voltage calibrated cathode follower precision resistors voltage dividing network accuracy network half percent tolerance frequency square wave generator neighborhood cycles frequency important amplitude variations calibration ten turn helical potentiometer decade voltage divider calibrate proportionately direct manner interpolation potentiometer accuracy half percent order maintain voltage properly special system designed matter filter system power supply designed variation output voltage occurs current drain changed current load held constant conditions equipment operation satisfy needs voltage regulators devices output voltage constant acting automatic variable voltage dropping resistors
noted circuit symmetrical straightforward layout heart circuit lies output transformer screen grids power output tubes tapped side primary center tap screen current represented primary ultimately secondary output transformer bypassed ground transformer specially designed circuit increases frequency response decreases intermodulation distortion amplifier amplifier requires high level input volts operate effectively requires type pre amplifier build voltage low level sources microphones variable reluctance pickups desired voltage input power amplifier frequency response amplifier cycles cycles depending transformer takes care reproductions musical instrument harmonic overtones circuit requires amount decoupling explains numerous rc filter capacitor networks adequate filtering motorboating low frequency oscillation result important matched pairs power output tubes unbalance push pull output circuit result output tubes conduct equal portion signal distortion amplified signal balance cathode currents power amplifier tubes adjusting ohm wire wound cathode potentiometer point cathode currents equal
lives source power power supply sun supplies power enables plants manufacture food food turn supplies power makes live move speak run think realm non living mechanisms motor model supplied power move car surely huge turbines boulder dam supply power drive electric generators obvious kind power cases thing large small living non living power primary source change specific kind power needed electronics power supply circuit device primary electric power kind amount ac dc needed types electronic circuits let cases find power supply supposed types electronic equipment amplifiers oscillators transmitters receivers types vacuum tube circuits ac dc voltages supplied operate exceptions general vacuum tube circuits require approximately volts dc volts ac voltages required learn study circuits present usual power supply put voltages
learned types rectifying devices high vacuum diode dry metal rectifier told dry metal type circuit diode circuit going find type rectifying device similar circuits works diodes vacuum tubes air removed tube tube sealed small amount chemically inactive gas high vacuum diode low pressure gas common gas tube small quantity mercury low pressure mercury vaporizes mercury vapor acts inert gas neon argon symbol gas tube mercury vapor tube differs symbol high vacuum tube round dot presence gas dot tube symbol tube gas filled type illustration gas tube basic type heater cathode arrangement conventional diode gas tubes directly heated cathodes similar type high vacuum rectifier diode
power supply supply current circuits pure dc voltage obtained simply connecting condenser rectifier filament ground electronic circuits attached power supply positive voltage draw amount current current drawn electronic circuits called load current effect load current duplicated connecting load resistor rectifier output ground study rc circuits basic electricity resistor charged condenser condenser discharge resistor speed discharge depend size resistor lower resistance current drawn condenser faster discharge soon resistor connected condenser rectifier circuit condenser begin discharge voltage drop voltage drop voltage peak appears rectifier filament times half wave rectifier times full wave rectifier voltage peak recharge condenser condenser proceed discharge resistor voltage peak comes result pulsating dc output notice pulsations smaller condenser
ac signal applied grid current flowing plate circuit vary manner signal voltage positive half cycle applied signal voltage series opposing bias voltage subtracts negative half cycle signal voltage series aiding bias voltage addition voltages takes place result ac signal voltage grid cathode voltage alternately negative negative varying negative voltage grid cathode current flow plate current variations duplicate applied signal voltage let consider illustrate points suppose triode connected circuit positive negative voltage applied grid positve applied plate signal applied plate current steady ma seen referring ip curve ac signal positive applied grid positive half cycle subtract positive bias causing grid cathode voltage change positive negative positive negative negative half cycle add bias grid cathode voltage change positive negative positive negative grid cathode voltage varying positive negative positive negative positive negative bias
stage amplifier compared step transformers secondary connected primary transformers step ratio connected manner ac voltage applied primary transformer amplified times combination illustrated conclude idea forget vacuum tubes amplifiers transformers transformers high step ratios deliver high amplification transformers type impractical amplify audio frequencies amount higher audio frequencies cycles lower audio frequencies cycles amplified middle frequencies result signal output true representation original signal applied transformers amplifiers vacuum tubes deliver higher amounts amplification lighter weight costly space sheet multistage vacuum tube amplifier compares transformer combination explained output amplifier fed input amplifiers connected cascade
output transformer job couple amplified audio power plate power amplifier tube voice coil loudspeaker sheets learn characteristics output transformers able understand importance impedance matching impedance matching power amplifier high impedance plate load voice coil impedance low output transformer matches low impedance voice coil high impedance plate circuit power amplifier tubes operate plate load impedance maximum power output minimum distortion correct load impedance tube obtained tube manufacturer references power amplifier circuit primary winding output transformer plate load impedance impedance concerned primary impedance determined size load secondary turns ratio primary secondary turns ratio size secondary load impedance chosen resultant primary impedance correct required load impedance power amplifier tube transformer currents primary secondary currents current flow primary depends amount current flow secondary secondary current increases primary current increase
finally top lc circuit positive briefly overcomes negative bias maintained grid capacitor plate current begins flow continues flow interval top lc circuit remains strongly positive surge plate current flows tickler coil induces voltage surge lc circuit tickler coil wound direction coil lc circuit voltage surge direction give push aid flow electrons lc circuit short interval top lc circuit strongly positive grid current begins flow grid capacitor regain strong negative charge immediately top plate lc capacitor reaches peak positive electrons begin leaving bottom plate capacitor top plate negative charge grid capacitor strong cut plate current point began analysis cycle repeats tube grid resistor capacitor power supply serve purpose whatsoever cycle oscillation lc circuit oscillator components provide means give lc circuit voltage kick portion cycle
studied basic oscillators low radio frequencies operate high efficiency mc mc efficiency drops specially designed high frequency tubes tuned circuits drops high frequencies loss efficiency greater mc tubes lose fifty percent power put tubes operating principle ordinary triode give reasonable efficiency mc give entirely types tubes resonant circuits needed watts rf power output operate entirely principles familiar high frequencies inductance connecting wires tube leads greater inductance tuned circuit likewise grid plate grid cathode capacity greater capacity tuned circuit solution shorter connecting leads miniature tubes low interelectrode capacity tiny tubes useless mc small tubes give power output frequencies mc reasonable power oscillator triodes special tuned circuits coils turns capacitors parallel plates tuned lines equivalent coil capacitor low frequencies
remember study amplifiers main types vacuum tube operation class class class class operation grid biased midpoint linear portion plate current grid voltage curve ac signal grid grid voltage vary bias current variations proportional grid voltage grid voltage swing linear portion curve plate current flows entire ac cycle grid voltage bring tube cut class operation grid biased cut ac signal drives tube cut approximately half cycle tube conducts degrees cycle cut degrees cycle class operation type operation concerned study transmitters grid biased considerably cut tube remains cut ac cycle current flows tube ac signal increases grid voltage cut plate current flows pulses shown operation class amplifier clear analyze happens tuned amplifier shown schematic diagram ac signal developed tuned circuit plate previous stage
picture oscilloscope screen path beam electrons striking surface cathode ray tube cathode ray tube pairs metal plates deflect electron beam path top bottom plates called vertical plates move electron beam vertically left plates called horizontal plates move electron beam horizontally left vertical plates connected signal observation signal displaces electron beam vertical direction normal operating conditions horizontal plates connected output oscillator built oscilloscope oscillator called sweep oscillator generates saw tooth voltage sweeps electron beam face scope screen left constant speed input signal vertical plates familiar sine wave voltage combined action signal horizontal sweep acting electron beam produce sine wave picture internal horizontal sweep disconnected external signal sweep voltage produce trapezoid figure trapezoid figure produced manner modulating voltage negative scope sweep produced modulating voltage left scope screen
purpose receiver antenna intercept electromagnetic wave radiated transmitter waves cut antenna generate small voltage voltage weak current flow antenna ground system feeble current frequency current transmitter original current transmitter amplitude modulated antenna current vary exactly manner weak antenna current flowing antenna coil induces signal grid circuit rf amplifier stage receiver receiving antenna feed signal small amount undesired interference receiver constructed signal lost dissipated reaching receiver give maximum response frequency band frequencies receiver tuned antenna directional means give response direction operator wishes receive receiver antenna problem easily solved receiver operated conjunction transmitter transmitting antenna designed incorporate desirable features listed antenna transmitter receiver switch relay connect antenna piece equipment operating moment transmitter antenna erect separate receiving antenna paying attention considerations noise signal loss frequency response directivity
suppose pause moment examine rf amplifier shown review purpose component antenna coil couples antenna control grid rf amplifier variable capacitor enables operator tune amplifier frequency desired signal selectivity variable resistor acts volume control ohm resistor limiting cathode bias mfd capacitor cathode ground cathode bypass capacitor resistor screen grid circuit screen grid voltage dropping resistor serves screen grid lower positive potential plate mfd capacitor screen grid circuit screen grid bypass capacitor acts bypass signals enables screen act shield plate control grid resistor plate circuit plate load mfd capacitor plate circuit purpose coupling plate circuit grid stage effectively blocking passage direct current job radio receivers review audio power amplifier need audio power amplifier receiver want pick stations hear loudspeaker loudspeakers push air move order produce sounds
basic procedures experiment stage identified determine purpose operation circuit checked signal injection techniques volume basic electronics begin experiment examine diagram identify audio output amplifier output amplifier identified diagram fact connected loudspeaker stage identified common emitter circuit fact input signal connected base output transformer connected collector voltage supplied collector connecting output transformer primary winding negative terminal battery bias supplied emitter circuit passing current capacitor bypassed resistor coming ground voltage divider formed negative bias base bias obtained negative terminal battery rc filter formed check operation output stage signal injection techniques connect oscilloscope output meter output transformer secondary winding terminals connect audio signal generator turn receiver closing power switch turn audio signal generator vary frequency audio signal heard coming loudspeaker indication oscilloscope output meter
mentioned earlier outstanding advantages fm permits transmission reproduction extremely wide range audio frequencies permits reception free natural interference entirely practical matter fm receiver reproduce audio signals cycles higher distortion noise violent electrical storm present braodcasting conditions receiver reproduce audio signals higher cycles violent electrical storm static completely drowns signal audio frequency limitation reception inherent transmission due broadcasting regulations intended restrict transmitter bandwidth prevent interference stations fm disadvantages fm perform function transmitter carrier frequency deviate wide band frequencies quality fm broadcasting require transmitter deviate maximum allowable limit cycles assigned center frequency limit closely approached stations featuring high fidelity fm broadcasting frequency ranges width commercial radio broadcasting band commercial fm transmission assigned region megacycles frequency band fm faces limitations known television viewers fm reception essentially limited locations line sight transmitting antenna fringe area reception quality varies widely times
resonance curves shown audio signal results fm signal coming amplifier remembered frequency amplifier swings rate equal transmitted audio signal deviation frequency proportion loudness audio signal assume transmitted signal cycle note low volume event signal deviate approximately cycles side resting frequency frequency swing rate times signal swings cycles higher center frequency moderate dc voltage developed rx low signal voltage developed ry voltages opposed voltage rx larger positive signal applied audio amplifier input signal swings resting frequency voltage rx lower voltage ry larger resting frequency voltages equal opposite voltage applied audio amplifier equal signal swings cycles lower resting frequency voltage ry larger rx lower result voltage applied audio amplifier input increasingly negative frequency swings rate cycles cycle signal low amplitude connected audio amplifier input
practical nurse person prepared approved formalized educational program share prevention disease care sick restorative nursing established legal framework health field thousands trained practical nurses parts united states making noteworthy contributions care sick estimated hospital association york licensed practical nurse safely efficiently give percent bedside nursing care needed patients hospitals home association believes area bedside nursing need greatest practical nurse makes important contribution demand licensed practical nurses exceeds number service opportunities interesting employment open national association practical nurse education services napnes valuable leadership program practical nurse education organization vigorously promoted setting standards accreditation schools practical nursing recently national league nursing participated accreditation program national federation licensed practical nurses guidance profession practical nurse completed course accredited school eligible examination licensure control important safety protection nurse patient advancing vocation practical nursing techniques policies practices legislation concerning nurses nursing
health cleanliness essential nurse practice health habits personal hygiene order perform duties efficiently nurse exposed infection close contact patient healthy body resistant disease contributes mental health duties nurse encouragement proper health habits patients practice preaches knowledge practice proper food habits contribute health vigor food supplies energy started breakfast meals eaten relaxing atmosphere regular schedule body weight controlled amount kind food eaten balanced diet essential student practicing nurse rest sleep requirements vary individual adequate sleep maintain health prevent undue tension mental strain fatigue body mechanics body moves maintains balance efficient parts posture relationship parts body standing sitting lying stooping bending posture correct body mechanics prevent unnecessary strain lessen fatigue importance posture basic rules concerning practice correct body mechanics presented introduction unit maintaining patient safety comfort
side rails bed rails called safety measure prevent patient falling bed side rail attached modern hospital bed extends patient hips types side rails attached older type bed tested held securely restless aged anesthetized patients heavily sedated irrational need protection side rails hospital policy apply doctor order emergency necessitate order written supervising nurse decide applied circumstances cleanliness orderliness essential proper maintenance unit equipment practical nurse correct report evidence improper cleaning unit cleanliness important health standpoint general mental effect patient carelessness maintaining unit depress irritate patient retard recovery orderliness patient sense receives impression nurse health team concerned comfort orderliness achieved careful placement furniture special equipment apparatus supplies giving patient proper care unit
order assist examinations nurse position drape patient type special examination determines position patient examinations patient screened procedure explained patient maximum assistance patient draped part examination exposed doctor ready positions frequently illustrated topic horizontal recumbent position position relaxation comfort physical examination patient lies flat legs extended slightly flexed relax abdominal muscles pillow allowed head arms crossed chest lie sides body spread drawsheet patient tuck dorsal recumbent position vaginal rectal examination treatment patient lies flat knees flexed drape patient sheet drape drawn vaginal abdominal examinations spread large sheet patient tuck corners sheet patient heels center sheet folded expose vulva physician ready examine dorsal elevated position bimanual examination pelvic organs
patient receiving insulin drugs treatment diabetes test urine frequently times order regulate amount drug insulin doctor order test ordered meal times fractional urines ordered depending decision doctor tests sugar urine clinitest simple rapid requires test tube tablet benedict test purpose requires heating device convenient takes rapidly replaced clinitest tablets amount sugar urine color fluid test tube urine sugar fluid blue waiting period seconds test negative sugar present color green tan orange greenish brown final color speed reaction depend amount sugar test positive amount sugar recorded symbols indicating percentage instructions color charts furnished clinitest reagent tablets nurse making test presence acetone urine color
find fellow workers hospital personnel agreeable helpful treat practices report head nurse team leader leave unit purpose end shift report return questions patients care head nurse team leader tell head nurse team leader important personal problems feel interfering don talk personal problems staff members don discuss personal problems patients follow instructions head nurse team leader confused assignments discuss head nurse team leader report complaints patients visitors head nurse team leader ignore complaints matter silly unreasonable perform duties spirit cooperation follow orders willingly ethical behavior means keeping promises nursing aide observe code ethical behavior conscientious performance duties means generous helping patients fellow workers faithfully carry instructions head nurse team leader
patient staff member visitor upset angry feel making rude nasty remark don remember patient worried illness family job learn criticism accept suggestions feeling re attacked try avoid defensive supervisor criticize tell feel saying job pick stop think examine attitude calm ahead thing children crying normal natural express feelings tell wrong try understand child crying don let irritate sick patient problems important try understanding listener leave patients visitors relieve feelings helplessness hopelessness words try bear remember patient suffering emotionally physically try tactful tact means saying things patient begins recover pain uncomfortable tell improvement move easily appears standing straighter
sectional views conventional representations interior object exposed assuming part object cut removed interior object complicated sections complete description object interior shape tabulator leg complicated attempt show construction exterior view result mass dotted lines difficult read clearly drawing tabulator leg sectional views view considered reference cut views standard rules projection making sectional views show detail cutting plane details required explain construction omitted insure clarity auxiliary section refers sectional view drawn plane ordinary planes projection auxiliary section views combine principles projection apply auxiliary views sectional views auxiliary section views tabulator leg drawing show true shape size lines surfaces views projected method supplying information aid mechanic machining definite dimensions shown section tabulator leg drawing lightweight lines showing surfaces phantom lines
term assembly drawing refers type drawing parts machine structure drawn relative positions completed unit addition showing parts fit assembly drawing represent show proper working relationships mating parts machine structure function give general idea finished product look aid securing dimensions center distances assembly give sufficient data design smaller units larger assembly supply illustrations catalogs show working relationship interior parts principles projection violated details omitted clarity assembly drawings overloaded details describing shape parts type information generally detail drawings detail dimensions confuse assembly drawing omitted dimensions center distances dimensions dimensions show relationship parts apply mechanism included times simple assembly drawing dimensioned detail drawings needed case assembly drawing working assembly number views main view full section sufficient expose nearly parts
drawing specialized means conveying information shape size object purpose communicate information accurately mechanic construct object shown ability interpret drawing accurately based mastery things knowledge complete understanding standardized signs symbols draftsman represent figures lines abbreviations drawing acquired ability visualize completed object examination drawing visualizing process forming mental picture object drawing secret successful drawing interpretation print reading visualization implies understanding exact relationship views working knowledge individual views obtained projection views connected mentally object length breadth thickness object represented drawing projecting points view views describe clearly figures illustrate manner commonly views obtained relative positions drawing projection planes opened flat plane object seen draftsman represent views figures lines representing imaginary planes removed leaving views shown ordinary projection drawing
parts fitted shafts single unit pieces practice ease assembling replacing main structure machine ease manufacture drawing spider parts bolted doweled form unit arrangement views spider illustrated diagrams figure comparing figure print spider note parts halves represent top view view full section half front view drawing front part front side views incomplete manner drawn arrangement views satisfies demand clarity economy space machine part shape part information shown regular views remaining information revolved removed section views section views revolved removed show details construction sections removed detail sections give information revolved sections method left judgment draftsman arrows cutting plane line direction section viewed
important factors considered drawing machine part number views drawn required draw saving device space making drawing consistent clearness easy reading practice desirable object drawn true projection auxiliary view give information object shown figure views rotated method projection case method preferred confusing figure shows views object true projection views show true shape object violation theory true projection drawing preferred information simplest figure cross sections base shown section shown true projection rotated cross section shown preferred details object located position outer edges projected view nearly level move line true projected position represent detail clearly
screw threads important part construction operation machines screw threads fastening parts making adjustments transmitting power forms screw threads applications conventional methods representation standard screw thread forms sharp thread commonly special purposes american national form thread commonly called american standard thread widely united states fastening parts whitworth standard thread principally britain unified screw thread form interchangeably acme thread degree stub thread degree stub thread modified square thread primarily transmitting power standard worm thread transmit power worm wheels buttress thread designed exceptionally high stresses direction parallel thread axis breech block mechanisms large guns airplane propeller hubs american national rolled threads screw shells electric sockets lamp bases american national taper pipe threads pipe pipe fittings applications american national straight pipe threads definitions terms relating screw threads illustrated figure screw thread ridge uniform section form helix external internal surface cylinder
producers users steel alloys concerned identifying material according chemical content american mass production methods metals industries proceed basis manufacturer exactly metal product requires metals uniform quality shipment reason standards numbering systems identifying carbon steels alloy steels set sae society automotive engineers aisi american iron steel institute systems similar main difference aisi system letter indicating steelmaking process precedes number letter times important steels practically makeup processes slight important differences properties aisi letter prefixes meanings follows open hearth alloy steels acid bessemer carbon steel basic open hearth carbon steel acid open hearth carbon steel electric furnace steel sae numbering system index system numbers identify composition steels sets numbers convenient placement drawings prints types steel number consists digits digit left type steel digit average percent main alloying element carbon presence alloying element
irregular odd shaped parts difficult metal plate bar stock cast desired shape sand molds pattern wood metal model part constructed form impression called mold sand molten metal poured mold solidified form casting desired part sand mold held place frame box called flask assembly entire flask shown figure opened flask illustrated figure pattern removed required core set place flask closed mold ready poured heavy weight top flask retain metal pouring process hot metal poured sprue flows channel called gate cavity mold removal pattern resultant casting attached sprue gate riser shape original pattern slightly smaller size due natural shrinkage cooling body allowance pattern casting recess odd shaped hole cavity casting separate mold cavity exact shape built wooden box known core box
taper pins commonly fasteners means easily aligning parts assembled taper pin place key fasten gears pulleys shafts light loads cost considered hole drilled parts pinned shown figure reamed taper reamer size drill depends diameter small end taper pin drill selected diameter small end taper pin relationship drilled hole dotted hole cut tapered reamer shown figure finished taper hole pin fitted illustrated taper pins standard taper foot inch taper pins vary size small pin measures approximately diameter large end pin large diameter measuring approximately size pin lengths standard taper pin illustrated taper pin shown assembled holds parts tapered hole hub illustrated figure tapered hole shaft shown
design construction bearings split bearing facilitate assembling permit adjusting replacing worn parts split type bearing shaft spindle set half bearing half cover later secured position bearing bushing shown figure parts fastened hole bored reamed machining operation difficult parts perfectly round bearing assembled method give longer bearing insert thin strips metal base cover halves boring thin strips vary thickness called shims bearing shimmed number pieces thickness sides bearing hole wears pairs shims removed compensate wear design nature parts makes difficult held machined lugs lugs integral part casting removed interfere working part lugs represented phantom outline corner top front views drive housing rectangles shown outlined short dash lines representing invisible edges lugs molded casting
calculations ideas engineer manner welder working shop impractical engineer present weldment fabricated supply needed information method verbal communication concise method form rough sketches detailed drawings single copy drawing provided engineer insufficient production purposes methods provide required number copies method commonly called finished drawing original sketch drawing trace instances finished drawing directly tracing material eliminate step reproduction process blueprints whiteprints tracing strong light sensitized paper prepared chemicals print simply copy drawing tracing basic elements found print lines dimensions notes lines show shape object aid dimensioning object formation symbols dimensions give sizes locations notes giving details construction shown lines form symbols abbreviations note designates kind material machining process standard referred specification
drawings object sufficient detail permit fabrication drawing method known orthographic projection exact form object shown views object arranged order selection views arrangement views shown figure note relationship placement views figures figure drawing dimensional block figure shows dimensional views block examining views figure accurate picture shape face formed case views describe object note views definite arrangement top view directly line front view side view line front view limitation number views describe object properly selected views sufficient cases views needed illustrate shape clearly dimensioning easier bottom left side views simple parts completely views noted front view indication shape object mean front view necessarily shows front object
types styles structural metal shapes welding industry weldments combinations shapes essential welder shapes sizes definitions metal plate sheet unit repeated emphasize distinction forms metal stock sheet metal thickness plate greater thickness sheet thickness fractional part inch gage number represents fractional size decimal form plate thickness fractional part inch assortment standard gages measure thickness structural metal shapes commonly gages standard sheet metal gage iron steel sheet metal plate american awg brown sharpe wire gage sheets brass phosphor bronze aluminum german silver birmingham wire gage strip steel steel bands hoop steel crucible spring sheet steel sheet copper table standard gages wire sheet plate note gages figure illustrates standard sheet metal gage openings circumference measuring thickness sheet plate partial circles holes openings measuring wire sizes
components weldments shown detail prints called detail working prints detail print information needed part including views required complete description dimensions needed construction directions notes symbols operations required detail print prepared member assembly parts small similar operations involved grouped print part unit print required describe parts shown print identified method identification commonly part circled letter number similar letter number part assembly print detail identified readily part shown assembly detail prints include information applies welding operations include informaton needed operations required part case welder performs operations apply directed detail print note complete dimensioning part identified assembly print shows complete assembled object type print intended show relationship part assembled unit give indication general appearance assembly
abbreviation letter letters represents word shortened version word letters selected represent word found word entirely general abbreviations found welding prints refer welding operations detailed study abbreviations presented unit abbreviations commonly found prints necessarily refer welding abbreviations convey information presented cases information applies operations performed workers welder directly concerned information shown abbreviations meanings understanding print number general abbreviations listed table symbols characters arrangements lines represent items information symbols simplifies expedites presentation information workers involved fabricaton object symbols found prints apply operations required part print prepared solely welder symbols apply principally welding operations examples symbols specifically related welding operations illustrated figure symbols type material kind stock component installed machining procedure quality finish required
welds require members joint beveled chamfered weld actually arrow break chamfer bevel direction arrow breaks member beveled chamfered figure break arrow upper member joint beveled designations size strength weld length weld pitch center center spacing number welds case spot projection welds definite locations welding symbol locations determined side reference line weld symbol location number spot projection welds symbol arrow side side significance symbols figure shows dimensions applied symbols detailed explanation application presented later units refer specific welds welding process type electrode required refer welder source information required weld note tail reference line standard welding abbreviations added reference line notes reference line usual arrow side side significance
welding symbols periodically revised simplify shape symbol consolidate symbols create symbol newly developed welding technique symbols presented units text illustrate american welding society designated preferred welding symbols symbols figure designated nonpreferred symbols replaced preferred symbols study application location significance nonpreferred symbols recommended machine drawings prepared preferred symbol list published figure shows location significance nonpreferred symbols note figure nonpreferred symbols plug slot weld arc spot arc seam weld projection weld arrow side side significance nonpreferred symbols resistance spot weld resistance seam weld flash upset weld arrow side side significance shown centered reference line despite location symbols sides significance elements applied preferred plug slot weld symbol applied nonpreferred symbol elements include size weld angle countersink depth filling pitch contour finish weld elements applied manner preferred plug slot weld symbol
size denoted placing width weld expressed fractional decimal part inch shear strength weld pounds linear inch left symbol appears side reference line symbol length arc seam weld placing dimension symbol length dimension shown welding extends full distance direction full length joint extent orientation location arc seam weld shown detail drawing elements applied weld symbol contrast remember elements applied welding symbol arc spot weld lap joint commonly joint arc seam weld interpreting figure note arc seam weld centered lapped portions members welded location dimenson needed orientation weld shown drawing insure clarity desired weld contour finish adding symbol weld symbol arrow side symbol side symbol usual arrow side side significance arc seam welds generally flush exposed surface weld
weld type pipe fitting valve installed piping system marks location joint pipe layout runs pipe shown heavy single lines indication pipe sizes pipe fitting valve sizes locations types dimensions notes added layout location dimensions important pipe layouts constitute major portion dimensioning shown center lines pipe fittings valves terminal points dimension lines pipe fitting sizes generally notes leaders pointing components pipe layout represented number orthographic views oblique view isometric view note methods shown figure illustrates pipe layout complex prefabricating operations performed piping system possibility relative positions components assembly misinterpreted pictorial double line representation layout single line representation piping system layout complex pipe sections fittings shown figure preferred method layout makes symbols figure identify pipe fittings valves represented symbols
organisms grow enlargement crystals icicles course nonliving correct refer growth characteristic living condition determine mean growth icicle hanging roof increase size water trickles surface freezes dripping kind enlargement growth external addition true crystal growing solution growth living organisms entirely tree grow taking substance soil water atmosphere adding material present say grow adding food body body accumulation foods eaten complex chemical processes involved growth organism processes large complicated molecules formed result biochemical activities substances unlike composing nonliving materials incorporated makeup organisms living things accumulate substance organize assimilate undoubtedly recognized plants animals continue live growth apparently ceased substances composing organisms temporary replacement takes place continually growth maintenance enlargement continue lives organisms describe black bear jack rabbit rainbow trout sugar maple tree douglas fir reasonable accuracy
present earth oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen gases atmosphere water air rivers ponds lakes oceans mineral compounds present soil salt water oceans seas inorganic compounds earth classify inorganic formed remarkable processes organisms inorganic compounds earth chemical sources build living oxygen molecular oxygen composes nearly percent mixture gases making atmosphere oxygen essential supporting respiration living organisms discover oxygen process chapter water abundant inorganic compound abundant compound organisms water important organisms primary factor determining living things survive refer role water plays living condition study biology ways organisms depend water water composes percent percent total substance living things medium materials dispersed protoplasm chemical source hydrogen oxygen required living organisms
solids liquids liquids liquids diffuse readily gases mix repel drop cube sugar glass water sugar dissolves taste water able detect increase number sugar molecules diffusion occurs finally sugar dissolve completely stirring sugar molecules diffused region greater concentration lump region lesser concentration water water molecules diffused sugar equilibrium reached parts solution tasted equally sweet watch diffusion occur dropping crystals copper sulfate beaker water solution area crystals appears blue substance continues dissolve diffuse color spreads water increasingly blue finally crystals disappear water solution uniformly deep blue color direction rate diffusion determined concentration substances involved concentrated substances rapidly diffusion occurs addition molecular concentration factors influence rate diffusion occurs temperature higher temperature greater speed molecular movement diffusion occurs area higher temperature lower temperature similarly pressure accelerates molecular movement resulting diffusion region higher pressure lower pressure
inheritance eye color governed multiple alleles blue eyes produced single pair recessive genes genes producing brown pigment dominant shades iris pigmentation hazel light brown dark brown apparently result expression varying numbers genes brown pigmentation genes pigmentation produce shades gray ranging green loss eye pigment genes resulting mutations produces pink eye albino skin color thought determined pairs genes sone geneticists suggest pairs alleles involved believe pairs genes function case variations skin color dark brown medium brown light brown white result expression varying numbers genes skin pigmentation pigment producing genes responsible characteristic skin color oriental peoples reddish bronze skin indians question diseases inherited importance geneticist medical aspect geneticists explored possibility diseases run families related genes infections tuberculosis disease inherited evidence chemical conditions body tissues important resistance infections inherited lack resistance increase possibility contracting disease
migration redistribution camels early times spreading population selection camels forms found asia europe north america central america south america biologists believe origin north america spread asia traveling land bridge thought existed bering strait region land bridge acts pathway migrating animals called corridor camel migrations believed extended north america central america south america coming ice age camel population eliminated areas resulted widely separated camel populations today asian camel humps african arabian camel hump adapted desert relatives south america evolved animal south american llama lacks hump sure footed protected dense coat hair adapts rocky mountainous area lives individual variations camel populations reached andes slightly heavier coat chance survive cold winters reproduce sure footed animals shorter legs chance survive running enemies
activity viruses find characteristics cells questionable status living things virus particle active direct association content specific living host cell removed cell virus ceases apparent activity retains ability infect cell virus reproduce independently duplicate structure cells reproduce fission order reproduce virus invade host cell assume control cell metabolic processes biologists sure accomplished probable kinds viruses alter chemical activities cells ways hypothesis suggests invading virus alters enzyme pattern regulates protein synthesis growth cell virus substances chemical machinery cell form virus particles normal cell constituents happens behavior virus similar gene virus particle gene group genes home invades cell discussion living condition chapter referred processes cells carry metabolic activities continuously organic molecules growth oxidize fuel molecules supply energy support cellular activities
earlier chapter plants vascular tissues phylum tracheophyta early tracheophytes believed evolved ancestral algae bryophytes developing line living tracheophytes classified subphyla shown investigations classification table subphyla living genera subphyla represented club mosses group known horsetails members phyla called fern allies fourth largest subphylum ferns seed plants including familiar flowering plants chapter limited discussion tracheophytes ferns relatives ferns relatives numerous hundred million ago mississippian pennsylvanian periods carboniferous age seed plants flowering plants today abundant seed plants appeared marshy land warm climate ideal growth ferns early tracheophytes similar shown figure age ferns limited isolated clumps patches today dominant plants tree ferns thirty forty feet height formed dense forests grew club mosses horsetails large trees smaller species find today grew dense undercover tree ferns reminders flourishing age ferns seen hawaii puerto rico tropical regions
leaves broad thin needle shaped conifers highly modified specialized functions succulent leaves century plant agave aloes sedums thick fleshy water accumulates tissues supplies plant periods drought desert semidesert conditions desert plants including cacti succulent stems leaves reduced protective spines prevent water loss tendrils leaf petioles veins stipules coil supports anchor climbing plants found garden pea clematis greenbrier curious leaf adaptations insectivorous plants including sundew venus flytrap pitcher plants bladderwort leaves plants modified ways capturing insects sundews small plants found bogs wet places leaves borne stalks circular clusters rosettes rounded leaf blades bear numerous tentacles soft spines surfaces margins drop sticky secretion forms tip tentacle causing leaf glisten sunlight insects attracted leaves sticky secretion captured held tentacles bend secretion digestive enzymes digest insects leaf surface venus flytrap found wet environments north south carolina rosette leaves inches
duration light direct effect plant growth reproduction response plants varying periods light darkness known photoperiodism number hours daylight darkness varies seasons march september days nights equal length twelve hours december june hours daylight increase northern hemisphere june december days shorter extensive studies plant growth especially reproduction revealed striking relationship flowering length days nights plants flower spring fall days short nights short plants include spring flowering herbs shrubs trees daffodil tulip crocus forsythia redbud dogwood correspondingly short days late summer fall period chrysanthemums asters goldenrods ragweeds poinsettias flower uncommon short plants forsythia bloom spring fall hours daylight photoperiod equal length group flowering plants grows vegetatively photoperiod short blooms later season days longer plants flower late spring early summer iris hollyhock clover garden vegetables beet radish
nature experimented plans body development invertebrate animals protozoans specialization single cell carried limit consider paramecium cilia trichocysts gullet contractile vacuoles slipper animalcule truly marvelous single celled organism takes cells complex animal introduced large colonies cells sponges coelenterates beginnings tissue found ectoderm endoderm animals flatworms roundworms organs perform greater efficiency functions digestion reproduction excretion response segmented worms advanced efficient tubular digestive tract elongated body divided series segments developed circulatory system transports blood closed vessels group worms clam mollusks greatest protection highly developed soft animal shells fort prison mollusks advanced millions arthropods combine protection freedom movement exoskeleton capable supporting large anthropod heavy move arthropods remained reasonably small sheer numbers maintain place importance phylum animal kingdom includes highly developed animals inhabited earth phylum known chordata comprises subphyla
frog mouth extends literally ear ear watch frog catch fly discover mouth large serves insect trap thick sticky tongue attached floor mouth front projections free end frog catches insect opens mouth wide flips tongue insect caught tongue surface thrown roof mouth mouth snaps shut insect swallowed happens quickly vomerine teeth projecting bones roof mouth aid holding prey frog teeth lower jaw small conical maxillary teeth projecting upper jawbone aid holding prey inside frog mouth shown figure openings internal nostril openings lie roof front side vomerine teeth sides roof mouth openings eustachian tubes openings vocal sacs occupy position floor mouth male frog frog croaks air forced openings bladderlike sacs expand ears shoulders action adds resonance volume sound
female leopard frog lays eggs april middle male clasps female eggs laid male press female helping expel eggs eggs pass cloaca female water male spreads sperms result direct fertilization sperms reach eggs jellylike coat surrounds egg swells water binds eggs rounded gelatinous mass clump eggs look small beads surrounded transparent covering jelly protect eggs injury makes difficult hungry fish eat serves food young tadpole frog egg partly black partly white white portion yolk stored food material nourish tadpole development dark portion living protoplasm egg dark pigment yolk heavier rest egg eggs float water dark side black pigment upper side absorbs heat sun lighter lower half blends light sky makes eggs hard gelatinous covering holds heat mass
plant animal independent environment organisms products surroundings organisms survive surroundings provide conditions suitable maintaining carrying activities study relationships living things environment branch biology known ecology word means literally study houses field pond forest plant animal lives days real sense house ecologists region earth equatorial forest polar outpost ocean depths mountaintop studying relationships plants animals environments forest field pond lake ocean outdoor laboratory ecologist area planet called biosphere exists feet surface earth surface oceans bodies water lower atmosphere comparatively thin layer affected factors radiations sun constitute important single factor affecting biosphere solar energy enables green plants manufacture food sun energy converted heat reaches earth form vital existence organisms heat creates earth winds evaporation water later returns surface rain snow
aware general conditions plants animals live conditions forest open field bordering forest environment ravine valley unlike hillside mountaintop differences obvious factor environment critical influence plants animals live habitat organism place lives habitats ecosystem lake habitat bullfrog bass contribute complex structure ecosystem fact bass occasionally eat bullfrog habitats happen overlap middle lake find bullfrog address organism habitat called occupation niche biotic community ways organisms earn living lake tiny suspended organisms species called plankton niche small fishes feed organisms larger fishes occupy habitat small fishes niche feed small fishes organisms occupy niche competition occur wolves mountain lions occupy niche compete animals prey
vast areas rainfall ten thirty inches grasslands occur variable rainfall support large trees sufficient species grass natural pastures huge herds grazing animals improper land caused erosion topsoil turning thousands acres grassland bare wasteland grasses destroyed essential topsoil worn water wind north america grasslands occur plains tall grass prairies tropical grasslands africa populations giraffe zebra antelope ostrich lion form familiar picture savannah grassland scattered trees west oak grass savannah familiar south america large areas savannah australia grasslands savannahs support cattle sheep food grazing kangaroos burrowing animals wild dogs found prominent predators america herds bison antelope grazed grasses plains burrowing mammals hares prairie dogs ground squirrels pocket gophers abundant form important link food chain eaten weasels snakes hawks locusts grasshoppers important members insect population surprise learn hot cold deserts death valley creosote bush climax vegetation representative hot desert
meadow grass seen distance appears solid green carpet spread earth closer observation shows green carpet solid mass separate blades grass body plant animal portion examined microscope found discrete parts small parts units called cells plants animals exception cells small seen naked eye thin tissue slice liver skin part body microscope cells tissue seen easily cell appears parts dense portion called nucleus lighter outer portion called cytoplasm exposed outer edge cytoplasm forms thin layer known cell membrane cell membrane separates cell neighboring cells fluids bathe regulates flow substances cell allowing molecules pass preventing passage regular microscope cytoplasm looks semifluid material electron microscope shown greater detail provided knowledge structure cells
bones microscopic cells secrete large amounts mineral matter makes bone tissue extremely hard calcium phosphorus important dietary elements furnish cells materials manufacture mineral matter bones percent water percent solid materials inorganic substances bones calcium phosphate calcium carbonate calcium fluoride magnesium phosphate sodium oxide sodium chloride bones begin form early embryonic stage bones replace previously formed cartilage ossification deposition mineral matter appearance bone cells begins soon month utero infant bones soft pliable incomplete ossification birth ossification due mineral deposits continues childhood bones ossify hard capable bearing weight infancy bones soft composed hyaline cartilage covered fibrous membrane thin lining covering epithelial connective tissue cartilage gradually replaced hard bone tissue child grows familiar soft spot baby head called fontanel bone formed hardened later typical bone composed shaft diaphysis extremities called epiphysis center shaft broad medullary canal filled yellow marrow fat cells marrow blood vessels cells form white blood cells leukocytes
dislocation occurs bone displaced proper position joint result tearing stretching ligaments reduction return bone position rest allow ligaments heal sprain injury joint caused unusual strain turning ankle ligaments torn attachments bones torn joint dislocated treatment consists supporting joint ligaments heal adhesive strapping arthritis inflammatory condition joints accompanied pain bone position bunion swelling bursa foot big toe results poorly fitting shoes poor walking posture genetic tendency rickets disease bones caused lack vitamin portions bones soft due lack calcification soft bones bend causing deformities bowlegs pigeon breast disease prevented providing growing child sufficient quantities calcium vitamin exposure sunshine clubfoot talipes congenital existing birth malformation involve feet deformity forms body weight rest heel ball foot outer side sole touching ground
respiratory system composed organs bringing oxygen body removing carbon dioxide term respiration commonly refer inhalation oxygen exhalation carbon dioxide process properly called breathing takes place lungs true respiration includes addition process gas exchange oxygen energy release food takes place cells process called oxidation burning wood burned oxidized energy form heat light food give energy burned oxidized cells energy released form heat maintain body temperature directly cells contraction muscle cells carry vital processes wood burns carbon hydrogen compounds substance broken carbon hydrogen combine oxygen form carbon dioxide water vapor similarly food oxidized waste products including carbon dioxide water vapor transported cells circulatory system lungs exhaled respiration occurs stages external respiration internal respiration external respiration exchange oxygen carbon dioxide body environment
greatest loss manhours caused common cold respiratory infection spreads quickly classroom factory business office basis respiratory disease lowers body resistance making subject infection direct cold virus indirect helping include chilling fatigue lack proper food sleep person cold stay bed drink warm liquids fruit juice eat wholesome nourishing foods respiratory system subject infections inflammations caused bacteria viruses irritants infections inflammations follow common cold respiratory ailments due infectious affect respiratory system pharyngitis red inflamed throat caused bacteria viruses occurs result irritants smoking speaking laryngitis inflammation larynx voice box secondary upper respiratory infection recognized incidence hoarseness loss voice tonsillitis infection tonsils caused bacteria frequent occurrence infection accompanied severe sore throat difficulty swallowing elevation temperature chills aching muscles result surgical removal tonsils sinusitis infection mucous membrane lines sinus cavities
food chewed moistened saliva mouth swallowed action pharynx passes esophagus enters stomach cardiac sphincter addition temporary storage place food stomach important digestive functions pear shaped elastic organ capable stretching shrinking accommodate contents stomach movements mix contents organ move food intestine lining stomach thousands tiny digestive glands called gastric glands manufacture gastric juice primarily enzyme pepsin small amount hydrochloric acid pepsin enzyme acts proteins breaking smaller components hydrochloric acid converts pepsinogen active form pepsin dissolves insoluble minerals destroys bacteria enter stomach food regulates action pyloric valve lower end stomach oversecretion hydrochloric acid irritate stomach lining lead development peptic ulcer action gastric juice helped churning action stomach walls semiliquid food results called chyme chyme ready leave stomach valve pyloric sphincter lower end stomach opens food spurt part small intestine called duodenum
hyperthyroidism due overactivity thyroid gland thyroxin produced gland enlarged increase basal metabolic rate accompanied marked prominence glands bulging eyeballs rapid heartbeat hand tremors irritability determination basal metabolism rate bmr aid diagnosing thyroid functioning test performed measuring amount oxygen person rest basal metabolism rate calculated diagnostic test protein bound iodine test blood test determines concentration thyroxin bloodstream thyroxin level tests tests accurate difficult perform radioactive iodine uptake test measures activity thyroid gland dilute radioactive iodine mouth amount accumulated thyroid gland calculated geiger counter simple goiter enlargement thyroid gland due deficiency iodine diet hypothyroidism condition underactivity thyroid gland slows body processes hypothyroidism lead cretinism myxedema cretinism condition develops infancy early childhood mental physical development retarded myxedema condition similar cretinism developing adulthood treatment thyroid deficiency consists giving patient thyroid extract bring metabolism normal
peripheral nervous system includes nerves body autonomic nervous system specialized part peripheral system controls involuntary automatic activities vital internal organs nerve composed bundles nerve fibers small blood vessels enclosed connective tissue nerve composed fibers carry impulses sense organs brain spinal cord called sensory afferent nerve composed fibers carrying impulses brain spinal cord muscles glands called motor efferent nerve sensory motor fibers called mixed nerve twelve pairs cranial nerves facial nerve mixed nerves optic nerve sensory fibers entirely motor nerves thirty pairs spinal nerves mixed nerves divides branches directly body segment form networks adjacent spinal nerves called plexuses autonomic nervous system includes nerves ganglia plexuses carry impulses smooth muscle secretory glands heart muscle regulates activities visceral organs heart blood vessels respiratory organs alimentary canal kidneys urinary bladder reproductive organs activities organs automatic subject conscious control special training autonomic system consists divisions sympathetic parasympathetic
exercise makes person breathe deeply helps heart arteries lungs internal muscles maintain normal muscles exercised lymph flows body aids nutrition tissues removal wastes stimulating muscles digestive tract exercise helps push food intestinal tract constipation relieved exercise exercise reach point extreme fatigue relaxation amusement afford relief physical nervous tension accompany mental fatigue worse physical fatigue brain forced tired hobbies forms recreation tax brain nerves indulged involves continuous mental activity gardening swimming boating walking activities offer relaxation health giving exercise sleep utmost importance accepted fact sleep maintaining physical emotional health exact metabolic physiologic need fully explained chronic loss sleep result personality children need sleep adults growth taking place hours sleep advised average adult person order system functional mental health individual tremendous importance mental emotional moral spiritual health individual contribute physical
clays shales suitable manufacture brick found locations materials result chemical disintegration erosion rocks due weathering millions earth formation surface earth broken particles carried cases glacial movements generally rains floods deposited sediment beds streams lakes oceans products formed geological ages classified groups follows surface clays shales fire clays evidence clay construction dates approximately clay tablet evidently patted shape hand dried sun making brick gradually improved quality evidences straw added clay obtain adhesive qualities passed discovered fire obtain durable harder brick discovery brick usage spread quickly mesopotamian plains eastward persia india china westward egypt rome greece finally introduced romans england english quick possibilities henry viii brickwork began attain degree excellence fire london rebuilt brick manufacture brick continually improved brick imported europe construction
master plan drawn sheet transparent paper cloth called tracing tracing completed held closely sheet light sensitive paper glass frame sheets exposed strong light lines drawn tracing hold light areas allow light shine sensitized paper exposure sensitized paper washed water sensitized coating emulsion exposed light hardened turns blue washing areas light blocked emulsion sill soft washes leaving white paper showing blue coloring pattern white lines identical pattern black lines drawn tracing print washed chemical solution acts fixing agent prevent print developing indistinct final step process fixing agent washed print hung dry portion trade blueprint reproduced illustrates readability print correctly tracing note lines dimensions sharp clear solid blue background
types brick commonly erecting brick structure design construction rapidly swinging balance scales present common clay brick extensively face brick brick exposed exterior called face brick jobs select common brick face wall brick selected color uniformity today selection manufacturer brick delivered job inside brick brick chipped broken undesirable face inside backing face brick produced colors textures finishes iron spot salt pepper textures ranging fine coarse spots spots obtained introducing foreign materials clay brick formed fired usual color range iron spot brick runs light gray mahogany bark face brick popular fireplace fronts ornamental texture extensively oak bark modifications color range wide shades red green brown tan found brick brick greater color range face brick matt faces rug faces family degree smoothness roughness unlimited obtained desired
job sp required filling leads wall job similar wall tiers thick tiers bonded tied header course means brick course laid crosswise wall tying tiers constructing walls outer tier laid height headers header high setting tier built height inside face wall plastered covered manner backing frequently laid line considered practice line backing insure surface save plaster tier laid important level outer tier order provide level surface lay header course tiers laid width wall equal length headers laid note instructor leads prepared shown drawing set line course header course lay headers choose brick uniform length fit wall cross joints full properly spaced lay headers line level front
brick hammer tools bricklayer tool kit cut hard materials quality tool steel square end making rough breaks driving nails striking chisels brick sets function required hammer end drawn form chisel peen dressing squaring face cut square end handle hickory tightly wedged eye hammer steel wedge handle tight bricklayers individualities tools pick weight style suit individual taste general brick brick hammer weighing half pounds preferred cinder concrete block heavier tool desired firebrick heavier hammer chisel peen end brick hammer properly takes considerable practice ability trim rough cut chisel peen end bite required demands familiarity brick hammer exercise hammer path prevent tripping knocking staging stepping peen end give worker powerful blow leg cutting edge sharp head square dressed
construction large amount involved details drawings plans greatly reduced scale drawn manner makes instructions contained complete readily readable floor plan residence industrial building information wall thicknesses window locations dimensions door locations stair data dimensions wall partition openings addition dimensions view specific information materials method construction architect method development explained previous units floor plan drawn appears looking straight roof outline roof drawn solid heavy lines lines clearly visible lines beneath roof shown invisible edge lines clearly visible roof result procedure confusing drawing full dotted lines running entire drawing useless set working instructions offset difficulty drawing reading plan manner sectional view plan views obtain sectional view architect mentally slices removes upper portion residence industrial building construction interior clearly visible
joint reverse struck joint lower edge brick guide upper edge accents uneven lower edge brick rough appearing wall viewed ground level looking upward type joint trowel pointing trowel flat jointer care cut deeply weathered joint considered serviceable offers surface shed water dirt foreign materials sun strikes wall jointed weathered joint brings unevenness brick shadow effect concave joint combines features struck joint weathered joint joint formed round jointer resulting smooth tight joint top bottom edges brick guides edges sealed type joint longer accomplish irregularities tolerated pipe hardened steel metal discolor mortar makes jointer full joints brick laid realized types joints accomplish thing methods raked joint accomplished raking mortar brick laid raking neat clean appearance effected
repair jobs small construction jobs pencil sketches blueprints guide making blueprint requires skillful preparation master drawing costly takes considerably complete pointed plans blueprinted sketched set instructions sketch neatly drawn complete information approximate proportion actual size shape job simple procedure systematize sketching job object sketched single brick wall building moulding basic rectangular shape objects sketched illustrate size basic rectangle determined sizes shapes importance basic rectangle lies fact easier sketch simple figure complete desired shape try draw irregular shape start basic rectangle sketched dimensions marked sides details sketched sketches series smaller rectangles pre sketched fill required details working sketch concrete wall footing shown illustration determine number views need dimensions noted approximate scale proportions drawing
hollow tile widely material partitions exterior walls residence commercial form industrial buildings structures properly laid produce dry substantial wall large size unit permits speedy construction lower cost hollow tile lighter weight porous quality partitions floors furring exterior walls steel concrete columns facing tile beautiful textures colors commonly interior finish commercial industrial public buildings basements toilets bathrooms kitchens rooms residences hollow tile materials brick molded burned similar manner fireproofing frequently combination shapes sizes shapes special purposes interlocking tile silos stacks communities numerous styles colors shapes finishes facing tile production walls types walls cove base rounded corners wainscoting cap tile features constructed facing tile frequently veneer brick structural tile material thickness veneering inches sizes shapes colors combined arrangement bond create surface designs care laying building wall produce pattern desired
stone recognized oldest building materials history signs construction ancient ages show stone construction foundations walls chief stone today limestone marble sandstone limestone sandstone nature formation result deposits minerals small particles marble relations crystal formation progressed materials brick structural clay concrete masonry units easier handle produced stone sole agent constructing building steadily decreased today stone chiefly trim decorative part building structures facing stone backed brick masonry agent stone bonded means anchors limestone extensively decorative stones sills quoins arches windows door openings belt courses copings dormers water tables buildings vestibule main entrance constructed limestone monuments public buildings completely faced stone instances interior covered entire wall stone skilled stonemasons today architects reluctant design buildings number stonemasons required
walls grade floor joists support structure known foundation walls foundation walls support weight structure weight act retaining wall moisture fill pressure foundation wall load carried foundation design construction foundation careful consideration localities building code minimum requirements thickness foundations soil irregularities minimum requirements structure safe foundation walls constructed materials popular today concrete recommended soft porous materials foundation walls contact damp moist earth porous material permit transmission moisture inside foundation type building weight carried building put determine thickness foundation material construction brick tile masonry unit construct foundation construction similar grade line cases foundation thicker walls grade line brick tile full shoved end joint present
trade drawing sketching studied point introduction actual blueprint reading general opinion person sketch draw object reasonable assume shape object understood sketcher mental picture object sketching future assignments blueprint reading sketches required supplement written answers neater drawing sketch easier understand personal satisfaction gained assignments follow based blueprint construction shack included book assignments basic information interpreting trade drawings prepare student complicated building plans included course study terms blueprint reading common conversation paragraphs explain terms encountered normal process reading plans working drawing method shape size object shown include information needed construct object shown type material quality workmanship included working drawing plan view view looking object case building view point half height windows
properties mortar enter important properties consistency consistency general refers condition mortar relationship amount water mix nature raw materials proportions mixed mortars require water consistency amount water determined amount give workability features generally speaking water mortar able absorb consistency workability properties desirable mechanic wall determine water wants mortar suit methods modes mortar consistency full end joint shoved position slushing highly plastic mortar capable holding water remain consistent plastic mortar allow longer mortar loses water dries workability considered ease mortar handled workability directly related plasticity plastic mortar easier handle plasticity workability directly affected cement materials aggregate course proportions mixed consideration
pier isolated unattached vertical shaft support arch beam steel girder differs pilaster bonded wall pier free standing short span masonry openings opening corner wall referred pier buildings concrete steel skeleton framing vertical members support beams girders called columns term column masonry structures generally vertical shafts considerable height proportion thickness bond stones tie piers increase strength stones cut full dimensions pier set intervals number brick courses stones form complete horizontal tie unit steel templates cut half inch horizontal dimensions pier form tie bedded horizontal mortar joint show break brickwork size piers type construction determined material height pier load carry general rule applied brick piers height ten times narrowest width local building ordinances consulted size piers built determined competent engineers architects
selecting mortar evaluate desirable properties light requirements reason impossible mortar purposes properties desirable mortars found instances emphasize property possibly expense cost mortar mixtures important factor selecting mortar job exterior walls likelihood masonry saturated water freezing temperatures mortar recommended due fact mortar costs high cement mortar workability makes easy mason completely fill mortar joints mortars subjected severe exposures freezing thawing presence moisture occurs retaining walls foundations walks structures contact soil high resistance disintegration mortars high cement mortar recommended mortar high strength recommended reinforced brick masonry structures strength important factor parts country resistance masonry walls penetration rain water important property extensive tests principal factors affecting rain penetration workmanship mortar joints solidly filled mortar walls leak
chimney important features house especially northern climates efficiency heating plant depends largely efficiency chimney similarly construction efficient chimney determined largely intended flue big provide sufficient draft carry smoke proper combustion fuel flue sufficient ordinary small house heating plant manufacturers recommend size flue required proper operation furnaces recommendations exactly heating contractor job give size required find drawing heating specifications flue opening inside chimney gases smoke carried heating unit house constructed interference smooth uninterrupted passage gases smoke allowed project obstruct flue offset vertical gradually degrees vertical flue round square rectangular plan lined clay flue lining extra precaution fire lining adds efficiency flue smooth surface lining offers resistance passage air collect soot readily unlined chimney
glass block defined hollow partially evacuated units water clear pressed glass block manufactured sections sections hermetically sealed method affords dead air space acts insulation glass blocks square rectangular radial special shapes glass glass block manufactured materials manufactured pressure pressure results hard clear glass air bubbles section carefully inspected joined section form unit mortar bearing surfaces glass block corrugated gritty alkali moisture resistant substance coating acts bond mortar unit glass blocks developed holland popular block thick blue colored glass extent america early extensively industrial buildings public buildings schools homes glass blocks popular construction advantages offer important basic properties light control due construction block designs imprinted sides allowing distribution direction light rays controlled patterns varying conditions desired results insulation accomplished hermetically sealed dead air space insulation minimizes heat transmission inside inside
limestone building construction today product earth composition consists shells shell fragments cemented calcite grains form stone oval egg shape term oolitic applied stone limestone building construction today found indiana limestone called bedford stone due fact bedford indiana center limestone industry building stone limestone found ohio florida inferior grade appearance limestone similar bedford limestone quarried bowling green kentucky italy deposits quality limestone called travertine inside york city penn station finished italian travertine stone graded standard means terms select standard rustic classifying stone fineness grain terms apply texture stone color varies light cream buff dark blue gray stone grades determined grain stone statuary finest grain stone select grain statuary standard standard grain select rustic rustic coarsest grained stone construction limestone adaptable surface finishes popular gang saw finish chat shot sawed finish smooth machine finish wet rubbed finish machine tooled finish carborundum finish rusticated finish plucked finish hand tooled finish
stone bricklayer called set small handled rollers pinch bars occasionally sort lifting device needed popular device commonly called gin pole gin pole consists chiefly pole held position guy wires block tackle attached top pole type hoist handle nearly stone bricklayer called set pole derrick improved gin pole mounted wheels easily transported place job methods gripping stone raised order properly consist slings pins dogs sling manila rope rubber fabric felting hoist stone method cleats set wall receive stone sling removed cleats removed stone lowered place hand popular method gripping stone means lewis pins consist pair pins diameter ring attached end set pins inserted end stone lifted rope sling passed rings attached block tackle gin pole
part stone modern building construction cut ready setting delivered job site finished product treated care exercised handling piling stone reflected appearance finished stone stone delivered site primary consideration area stone stacked location close actual part building stone location activities taking place stone selection area governed fact stone protected overhead objects falling hitting piled cut stone faced wood strips lath stacked edge cleats excelsior separate finished faces stone stacked piled size colored stones stones marked number mill numbers correspond numbers shown plan piling stone manner stone needed easily accessible important moving stone costs money effort breakage chipping
strength rgbm wall depends quality grout core consideration factors affect quality grout thing consider proportion materials grout usual proportion part cement parts sand sand mixture fine coarse sands coarse sand larger specifications permit gravel maximum size space brick withes inches coarse sand small gravel customary engineer architect gravel coarse fine sand brickmason directly concerned matter grading gravel sand relieve responsibility making proper materials ordered properly job addition sand cement small quantity lime putty effect help sand gravel settling rapidly maximum volume lime cement volume greater proportions lime weakening effect bond steel grout materials added grout admixtures
accurate method laying structure builder level level consists leveling device mounted tripod level mounted swung full circle sighting portion level series cross hairs method focusing distances level conjunction target rod centering cross hairs target transfer level points part job builder levels called vernier consists plate marked degrees turning level angle desired manner sure square corners level delicate machine handled care dropped banged unit easily knocked adjustment setting instrument checked carefully level reading point tripod exactly height legs exactly position purposes measuring purposes spacing courses brickwork mason foot spacing rule extensively conventional side rule marked sixteenths inch read ordinary foot rule read
ways promote customer goodwill determined effort learn customers names salesperson customer charge card able written sure check spelling unusual kosieski sure check pronunciation customer leaves note kosieski cash sale find tactful learning customer customer comes say morning mrs kosieski today personal help attentive listener boosts speaker ego inattentive listener deflates ego satisfaction helps build customer goodwill concerned listen talk attentive listening help identify correct real problems customer listening customers regardless importance triviality look directly show word don interrupt try change subject talking pass listening techniques feel warm important likely think firm business transact say affect employer able increase goodwill turn ill goodwill learn improve products services
reading speed important students business workers important speed understanding comprehension remembering retention read suggestions increasing reading speed contribute greater understanding developing wide vocabulary reading thought units contribute deal understanding speed additional suggestions help improve reading understanding ability remember read look material read noting main headings subheadings looking illustrations reading captions numbered portions preliminary survey help determine purpose reading reinforce important points want remember understand read fully read actively try relate reading constantly mind problem wanted solve started read takes high degree concentration demands lookout main ideas author arranges ideas reach conclusion study illustrative material pictures graphs charts footnotes designed explain expand main ideas sure read examples presented author
critical listening special kind listening listening view analyzing evaluating speakers say say involves basic rules listening listening main ideas supporting details reviewing points anticipating coming finally analyzing evidence accepting rejecting speaker conclusions basis evidence listen critically large order view fact expected listen intently entirely reasonable listeners spare listening reflect words heard spare listening think faster rate average speaker talks rate speech americans words minute think rate times fast half listener nonlistener generally daydream turn attention spare listening daydream reason daydreamers find attention focused distractions words speaker missing portions speech listener interested topic interested distractions making speech harder harder follow
quarter twentieth century communications predicted continue affect lives increasing number ways advanced automated devices communication techniques responsible extent improving speeding types communications matter place communication methods points basic aspects communication reading writing speaking listening observing remain prime importance business personal success continue require skillful english language fact large companies today placing greater emphasis english skills grammar sentence structure vocabulary punctuation spelling companies require job applicants english test advancement employees english tests prove ability write effective business letters daily affected types communications trained communication skills able analyze evaluate countless messages aimed mass media television radio newspapers skillful writer speaker look forward success business career social business communications called power impressive communications making positive impressions action reaction types communications persuasion important advertisements sales letters oral presentations salespersons
company expenses increase letter writers fail send complete messages assume write letter jones company say jones company write information information supplied place write letter letter complete complete letter courteous clear inconvenience reader create bad image company letter complete entire business message complete letter states enclosing materials message complete forget enclose items mentioned letter ordering mail commonly forget include facts size color catalog number quantity mail order houses sears roebuck fill orders obtain complete information customer hit target completeness fully prepared facts step step order outline going say say exactly planned say check finished writing complete doubt remember reaction hearing winded speaker don carried sound voice flow written words speaking writing say say stop
verbs give action ideas verbs express action performed subject verbs express action received subject verbs express condition effective verbs helps produce powerful speaking writing sentence consisting word word verb complete sentences subject understood hurry begin relax business letters attempt obtain kind action choice verbs important nouns pronouns matter specific vivid express ideas resemble photographs filmstrips verbs added ideas mental motion pictures verbs powerful words language parts speech speakers writers tend misuse verbs verbs kind action action method action help show relationship persons things involved action master verbs serve faithfully verbs classified according transitive intransitive according spelling regular irregular form complete verb phrase verb verbs classified according relation verbs auxiliary verbs help verbs commonly auxiliary verbs
filing process arranging storing materials safely systematically located easily quickly needed filing system safe place materials related business affairs firm individual files sense memory firm individual main purposes systems filing follows records readily needed reference evidence related materials history dealings firm individual place materials grouped pertaining subject geographical area provide permanent safe place business personal records filing performed types office workers unusual office worker occasion filing supervisors managers executives perform filing activities professional doctors lawyers teachers accountants frequently deal filing addition regular activities small organizations secretaries stenographers filing business grows larger clerks typists supplement staff secretaries stenographers office workers filing large concerns frequently central filing department special files operators called records control clerks employed direction files supervisor director
experience controlling records proved shadow doubt file papers systematic manner folly purpose filing able establish control records papers found needed hour later later requested order required control records persons performing filing operations trained required follow established procedures rules chances successful filing chances improving keeping job jeopardy rules success filing finding records result known indexing rules generally explained manner index point index finger aptly named points manner learn file indexing rules filed pointed applied rule indexed special place file distinct names filing system record requested file able find undue delay
rules studied illustrated lists names actual filing names typed index cards folder labels filing job involve index cards explanation illustration show index cards prepared arranged shown illustration index card includes typed written indexed form line top edge card spaces left edge address typed written lines carefully read card illustration observe names titles typed spaced cards capital letters capital lowercase letters filing supervisors prefer indexing unit typed capital letters indexing units typed capital lowercase letters title doctor disregarded filing type title parentheses indexing unit card includes element seniority designation city type parentheses end file card filed according numeric system code number according rules numeric systems
incoming materials copies outgoing materials relate individual company subject instances filed record individual company subject complete purchase order received customer purchase order copy letter acknowledging order copy invoice covering shipment filed later copy letter acknowledging payment related papers added material file complete history transaction place interoffice memorandums copies thereof filed individual department office subject memorandums written received desired copies filed place separate general incoming outgoing correspondence firm circumstances mentioned purpose filing records control general related materials hold readiness withdrawal request persons desiring order hold records control system filing careful systematic procedures phases filing operation broad terms filing system elements items essential filing retrieval information including equipment guiding plan procedures processing file material
actual business operations small system started basic equipment set primary guides limited number individual folders set miscellaneous folders space left file drawer system expands room add extra guides folders needed hold additional correspondence small system primary divisions needed primary guides number miscellaneous folders small system started primary guides miscellaneous folders added individual folders handle important voluminous correspondence persons companies amount equipment equivalent drawer filing system passes correspondence increases small system miscellaneous folders hold papers finding single paper difficult task condition evident divide contents overcrowded miscellaneous folders order decrease volume accumulated materials miscellaneous folders hold papers individuals companies papers concerning important correspondent removed miscellaneous folder individual folder opened individual folder labeled correspondent materials filed individual folder miscellaneous folder
cross overdone expensive working lost materials wasted cross reference means double filing double number papers file drawer extra copies letter copy filed separate key title serve purpose cross reference sheet serve times facsimile copy letter filed separate title original letter serve cross reference possibility letter called selected key title steps preparing cross reference wavy line drawn cross reference appears letter cross reference written margin original letter letter case cross margin opposite wavy line cross reference distinguishes straight line code key title cross reference sheet prepared filed selected cross reference cross reference sheet found company composed personal names calling correspondence company
job asked types filing systems operation modern offices greatly advantage system planned assembled greatest benefit special features careful study representative systems illustrated chapter pay job knowledge systems advantageous later asked improve system install approaches installing alphabetic system correspondence filing complete system purchased manufacturer representative individualized system planned assembled qualified personnel filing department approach responsible selecting planning assembling system lot information requirements records storage control system adopted company familiar kinds filing systems equipment determined nearly meet needs office company system installed elements essential adequate system storage control varied advantage solving filing problems
color ways designers alphabetic systems systems included illustrations chapter reflect condition systems color accenting device order clearly define separate parts system integral part coding phase system color accent color code terms frequently designate phases color usage color accented filing system planned color section segment system give additional identity easier locate section segment color coded system series colors identified alphabetic section system giving positive color code identification alphabetic section easily color accented system assists filing finding means showing contrasting colors types folder guide tabs color code plan colors guides folders according scheme color alphabetic designation system color code code systematized pattern identification tab products company alpha code system remington rand colorscan variadex systems color code filing plans shaw walker super ideal color accented system
secret effective filing system able locate materials immediately requested authorized personnel manner records requested determine type filing system records concerning correspondents company generally requested names correspondents records filed according names hand locations correspondents greater importance names correspondents file records geographically locations case records dr alexander pet foods tucson arizona filed company case records company filed key unit arizona city tucson finally according company geographic filing alphabetic method based principally geographic locations correspondents exact organization geographic system depends type business filing geographical districts correspondents located filed material correspondence international scope held system based primarily alphabetic arrangement names countries country wide system names states provinces arranged alphabetic order serve primary titles system
subject filing advantage desirable correspondence pertaining subject grouped place files separated names especially important records pertaining product activity needed situation generally typical single departments business centralized file entire business correspondence department concerned small number subjects divisions subdivisions fit simple classification department occasion file understands subject files frequently found research departments materials filed studies undertaken research director products development file research reports product specific report executive offices interest correspondent picture purchasing agent office equipment concerned types office equipment names manufacturers equipment offices instructional data teacher files data relating subjects held topical headings institutions companies requires items handled identified group titles art galleries museums libraries commercial supply houses
cross reference prepared subject involved piece correspondence illustration information cross reference sheet letter hotel suppliers discussed things information concerning building maintenance information concerning lighting letter filed folder bearing caption engineering lighting cross reference filed folder headed engineering building maintenance looks folder correspondence hotel suppliers look folder businesses photocopy original letter copy filed cross reference location cross reference sheet prepared coding letter remains evident copies filed material coded sorted according main subjects file subdivisions means file based outline consisting main headings sorting basis headings sorted groups sorting based subdivisions main heading outline material subject folder arranged alphabetic order subjects subject involved basis arrangement materials single subject folder alphabetic order names correspondents correspondence person company grouped folder
card record systems type business office professional offices service governmental organizations vital records forms cards diverse records vary recording simple data names addresses persons posting complex data production costs offices organizations professional rely card records considerable degree libraries schools research groups dentists doctors hospitals kinds business industrial public utility organizations card record systems vital operations organizations essential office personnel understand principles card filing types systems equipment commonly systems card filing illustrated previous chapters text chapter alphabetic card file names addresses illustrated chapters numeric geographic subject correspondence filing card indexes auxiliary parts systems represent total card systems hundreds methods cards show variety reference information carry statistics vital business operations common types card records stock records payroll records personnel records repair maintenance records inventory purchasing records shipping receiving records bookkeeping accounting records hospital dental medical records records pertaining scientific industrial research operations
end month commercial banks return customers checks charged accounts banks microfilm copy front check film developed specially designed filing cabinet customer claims error film run reader viewer reader printer check question found viewed customer bank clerk question error settled convenient customer view film full size print hard copy staff member settle problem customer goods sold department store clerk prepares sales slip items sold listed quantity description price extension total copy customer order original company records end account month store prepares charge customer account shows activity preceding month statement listed balance due beginning month amount charge sale amount payment final balance due department stores send original copies sales slip statement customer
common practice file papers folder create potential misfiling losing papers tendency recently stated general standards folder capacities adjusted lower levels recommended national office products association recommends maximum sheets paper folder active filing systems result average sheets folder entire system file folders formed scored bottom hold material thickness folder hold sheets medium weight paper held folders active system active system hundred sheets folder maximum number frequently folder capacity relative activity system important factor consider determining specific standard folder capacity system sheet maximum high operations possibly low semiactive inactive storage system event folders overcrowded relation activity system important factors consider controlling records organize operate system manner part filled capacity means making provision free space file drawers file shelves folders filing area
ways increasing working space efficiency filing system hold recent papers pending file period approximately month transferring regular filing system practice found effective conditions papers recent origin subject call frequently older papers files temporary active file greater accessibility high demand papers saves filing retrieval keeps high demand papers main filing system demand leveled authorities records control frequently recommend practice making daily checks filing system order determine problems exist corrections adjustments kind involves action weeding unneeded materials checking relieving congestion miscellaneous folders starting subsections system checking activity system terms extend order maintain sufficient working space expansion room types scheduled regular basis overlooked result control records impaired transfer filed materials determination papers matters primary concern records control statements concerning matters included records control manual companies transfer records accordance plans chapter transfer storage controls
qualified personnel needed field child care role child care worker medical educational social services equally important team committed quality child care children numerous career opportunities exist interested individuals willing prepare responsibilities tasks caring children job possibilities depend training qualifications job titles vary suit needs philosophy program children centers refer teachers leaders care givers centers distinction assistant teacher aide greatest concern title position description expectations holds potential employee individual interested working children wish pursue positions samples listed give view types jobs director manages operation program leadership works teachers staff members plan implement evaluate children programs plans initiates staff training plans initiates staff meetings hires releases personnel coordinates center activities community efforts represents center community level interprets describes program parents persons director children part spent administrative duties
family size influence child child small family develop behavior patterns large family small family emphasizes adult images examples adult behavior large family sibling interaction case supportive child detract depending situations handled culture family status community affects child ability socialization directly indirectly directly family social position financial status determine social standards expectations influence parents methods rearing children indirectly status likely determine family lives level living style children play poor neighborhoods compensate lack quality child surroundings physical environment home size neighborhood condition furnishings indirect influence child development factors influence parental attitudes affect child poor sanitary conditions crowded rooms furnishings detract child environment adequacy areas possibly increase child opportunities development think means money family higher social position chance children develop properly
development studied discussed general terms children follow general pattern development alert individual differences instance helpful children foods spite nutritional milk children allergic ill forced drink children snuggled cuddled feel smothered children accelerated motor development show rhythmic abilities age clumsy poorly coordinated children born observable differences general physical features individuals exactly alike identical twins infants features face hair skin unlike abilities potentials beginning infants reflect differences ways respond contrasts temperament seen child level activity manner withdrawal attraction amount stimulation required response ability change behavior course differences learning patterns attitudes individuals feel think act differently developmental rates similar vary individual person unique general alike stature share needs survival
hours craig bed hear parents arguing living room hear mother crying pain craig young frightened continue craig anxiety negative emotions experienced home likely anxiety negative emotion craig feel eventually resent fear parents behavior children learn going taught parents adults older brothers sisters set examples younger children respond children impatience anger nervousness rudeness children patient tempered calm polite obviously children exposed negative emotions likely develop adults express negative feelings children exactly alike emotional development individual matter child reacts situation depends greatly past experiences concept children shy withdrawn feel inferior lack confidence children believe inadequate avoid contact find things children express negative feelings passive quiet manner aggressive type
end infancy young children begin view curiosity going generalize things sounds images gradually begin symbols numbers letters meaning begin grasping idea grouping things categories human animal plantlife things large small round square concepts hot cold young child neurological nervous system ready experiences needed help form concepts helpful children share experiences care mainly verbal communications say think feel imitate playing roles nurse fireman mother father teacher children develop habits speech ways behaving copying actions previous discussions developing positive image concept significant task children learn identify separate individuals experiences early infancy childhood achieve task identification eager recognize individuals worth importance children leave infancy begin develop understanding bad according standards children learn place approved behavior
developmental approach child care includes continuous reminder principles development follows pattern development proceeds stages sequential nature development blended individual variation uniqueness remember child progress rate children development follows general pattern variations speed manner child proceeds point view preparation meaningful activities requires understanding generally expected children stages development knowledge children progress level competency happens child expect soon answer includes frustration lowering concept future problems skill development matter hard coax beautiful exciting materials provide child able respond readiness level step step process development task activities materials provided mastery single step eventually results mastery desired task easy establish sequential program activities based principles development important task help child grow individual rate according unique abilities
children enjoy eating eat wholesome foods provided smell touch foods putting mouths authorities think children appetites introduced tantalizing aromas cooking process children curious eat tastes textures shapes foods intriguing children eager explore food major part mashing squeezing playing food uncommon natural phase learning children children let hungry eat course introduced foods children need help step learning feed breast bottle bottle cup liquid solid foods eating fingers forks spoons need food builds sturdy body mind develop continuous concern child development depends greatly foods eaten child progresses stages development unusual eating patterns habits change shows appetite sudden likes dislikes foods ways normal process children adults understand behavior find working situations fairly easy
according research findings difference nutritional needs boys compared girls preschool nutritional requirements sexes children reach age ten twelve chart page children need amounts vitamins infancy preschool look chart note nutritional requirements preschool children vitamin ascorbic acid required vitamin required amounts vitamins thiamine riboflavin niacin change preschool refer basic food groups foods supply proper amounts vitamins vitamin sunshine vitamin essential maintaining sound health helps body calcium phosphorus bone development important growing child body substance converted vitamin sun sunshine means getting vitamin children sun adequate amount vitamin shown chart child needs units vitamin child drinks quart milk daily requirement filled milk fortified vitamin safe side consult doctor giving child extra amounts vitamin
baby weak sleepy formula bottle nipple hard changing softer nipple larger openings solve problem nipples holes large infant gulp choke easily constant flow liquid maintained firmer nipples ordinary openings needed baby sucking ability improves weighing infant weekly help normal weight gain initial weight loss immediately birth baby continues lose weight wrong happens nurse doctor consulted babies fed times daily appetite develop feeding fifteen twenty minutes longer thirty feeding takes infant unable milk nipple loss appetite bottle milk ten minutes nipple smaller openings extra sucking feeding breast alright extra sucking allowed bottle months burping part feeding process feeding baby semi sitting position allow swallowed air rise top baby stomach assist elimination air baby burped
child care programs offer formal training help prepare job pre service training consists series classes workshops seminars offer training educational expansion areas child development child guidance children learning center activities center organization job expectations pre service training consist days weeks concentrated effort program opens begin center full basis sessions provide opportunities trainees short periods center observe children activities engaging study training pre service training helps person expect program prepared realistically learning job easier service training direct purpose learning general purpose service training update improve knowledge abilities staff relation working children include wide range areas child development guidance health social psychological services parent involvement working volunteers nutrition meal service program planning record keeping service training combined experience job help move career ladder assistant opportunity move position leader service training experience helps develop competencies required group leader
special interest children grow develop enjoy needed services young children information children centers planning activities managing operation center help familiar child care want acquainted role child care worker expect job ways children enjoyable successful addition study learn goes child care visit children centers neighborhood community observe children action program progress directors teachers eager talk programs help familiar children basically types child care custodial developmental comprehensive custodial care offers limited service providing safe care children attention special efforts enhancing child development incidental learning occurs children play minimal physical motor development results free play activities children interact adults social development occurs limited ways custodial program consists mainly free play rest nap times snacks meals watching television course custodial programs housed excellent facilities outstanding job caring children
recent programs evolve head start movement office child development washington called home start emphasis working children families home ages children range infancy school age major focus program education parenting enable families provide home experiences optimal development children parent child centers initiated congress appropriated funds pilot project objective prevention developmental lags young children providing special services total family included assistance medical nutritional social educational legal psychological services local centers established teach parents techniques child care provide opportunities learning children center home parent child centers similar head start organization serve children include parents especially mothers center program care appropriately called child care originated provide custodial service children ranging age infancy twelve recall service provided primarily mothers worked home part amount child care centers open varies center open early close remain open twenty hours
making eating cookies interesting delicious project things think child learn making cookies recipes form pictures cooking problem solving activity children enjoy don agree meaningful children learn actively involved thought egg learning tool breaking shell raw eggs separating yolks whites beating air whites scrambling yolks experiences help children familiar properties eggs cooking eggs show difference raw cooked egg basic experiment children actually happens heat applied cutting hard cooked boiled egg half helps difference texture raw cooked egg location yolk list concepts children learn experiences eggs words sweet sour salty strong meaning children apply foods tasting games fun educational children enjoy sense smell experiments foods learn identify familiar aromas foods simple experiences center clear plastic bottles vials samples food peanut butter honey mustard soon children sniff contents blindfolded food smell
chapter designed provide sample activities young children activities organized developmental units developmental unit suggested materials activities children stage development unit planned achieve goals objectives suggestions included evaluating children progress achieving goals objectives units suggestions helping children develop areas goals sensory motor language concept formation concept daily living skills sample units areas units presented stage development infant toddler romper kindergartner units activities variety materials achieve objectives unit days units activities completed single period units repeated children depending interests levels ability activities sample units carried natural spontaneous children play designed presented children lessons activity pleasant exciting experience children try units add ideas achieve specific objectives children care samples preparing additional units meet developmental needs children
factors involved selecting purchasing lot suitable house look lot development individual lot built neighborhood points consider location suitable job recreational needs community facilities services including schools public safety garbage trash disposal water sewage hospital medical services shopping recreational activities water gas lines sewers curbs similar items installed find assessment later lot shape contour lot wide deep house contoured require specially designed home unlike average home built flat lot future prospects neighborhood likely remain stable nature area change city grows home largest single investment families important protect careful planning local zoning restrictions city area divided zones generally order single family dwellings multiple family dwellings apartments cooperatives condominiums light commercial heavy commercial light industrial heavy industrial families want lot neighborhood restricted single family dwellings deed restrictions zoning area individual deed restrictions lot
saw mills produce lumber stress rated marked grade stamp exact information strength properties piece wood rating basis appearance visual stress rated lumber mechanically machine stress rated lumber retail lumberyards handle stress rated lumber typical retail yard stocks yard lumber adequate average house construction house built proper size yard lumber joists beams rafters adequate strength items strength properties critical architect stress rated lumber species grade manufacturers roof trusses stress grade lumber parts important strength home lumber stored yards indoors covered sheds stored outdoors protected covering plastic waterproof paper sides top ends piece lumber properly covered absorb moisture outdoors damp rainy humid weather indoor storage moisture content controlled regulating temperature storage shed lumber received job house construction stored carefully prevent shrinking swelling ground piled carefully stickers layer covered waterproof material
building construction safety regarded important part total operation reasons natural concern welfare financial building contractors injuries employees costly reduce efficiency working force result expensive medical bills law suits contractors safety programs intended protect employees safety prime importance operation power tools building construction read learn safety rules job put rules practice piece equipment learn safety habit develop skills unit information safely building construction trades important thing remember accidents occur workers safety conscious follow recommended precautions information valuable aiding develop correct attitudes safety acquaint safety precautions wear safety glasses involves threat eyes required law clothing suit individual needs suitable prevailing weather conditions avoid loose fitting clothing restrict freedom movement shop job site harder safer clothes afraid dirty
concrete block construction popular methods building foundation major reason popularity expensive heavy equipment hollow masonry unit block called concrete block common type sand gravel crushed stone concrete blocks shapes sizes large variety applications widely wide modular standard size blocks allow thickness width mortar joint high results blocks measure high centerline centerline mortar joints thicknesses concrete block walls vary depending story heights lengths unsupported walls walls customarily constructed courses footings solid cap block leaves joists basement floor concrete block walls require formwork block courses start footing laid mortar joints common bond overlapping arrangement shown fig joints tooled smooth resist water seepage mortar spread fully contact surfaces block spreading called full bedding mortar pilasters columnlike projections strengthen wall supporting beam girder
conventional framing consists multiple small members joists studs rafters joined act share loads supporting structure assembled sheathed members form complete floor wall roof surfaces common types conventional framing platform balloon type construction floors complete platforms independent walls subfloor extends edges building platform exterior walls interior partitions erected platform construction generally story houses combination balloon construction story structures building techniques parts united states developed entirely platform system book concentrate platform frame construction compared balloon framing platform construction easier erect floor level flat surface easily adapted methods prefabrication level story house constructed separately platform framing system common practice assemble wall framing floor tilt entire unit place feature identifies type construction studs continuous sill top plate studs floor joists rest anchored sill floor joists bear ribbon strips let inside edges studs
strip flooring finish floor generally recommended subflooring consist softwood plywood quality boards thick wide wider boards likely expand contract square edge boards generally preferred tongue groove boards snug joining desirable subflooring true houses moist climates summer homes heated winter square edge boards economical boards dry green subfloor boards frequently squeaks cracks subfloor boards applied diagonally angles floor joists subflooring angles joists finish floor laid angles subfloor lay subflooring diagonally arrangement permits finish strip flooring laid direction home stories subfloor boards run opposite diagonal directions alternate floors diagonal subflooring bracing stiffness building laying diagonal subfloor lay board short cuttings approach corner length decreases proceed sides diagonal length lay piece begin corner building measure equal distances header joist joist
carpenters raise ridge board gable end rafters member supports gable end rafters nailed place difficult adjustments put ridge board place raising rafters nail uprights walls cross partitions center line ridge board support erect ridge board level align nail place ridge board braced longitudinally prevent roof swaying important gable roof ridge board nailed position begin erection rafters roof framing scaffold planking level main roof ridge board usual type roof scaffold consists diagonally braced horses spaced extending full length ridge piece building addition main roof framed addition framing started types jack rafters left headers hip rafters valley rafters ridges framed installed gable roof pairs gable end rafters ridge piece erected end scaffold hold ridge board position person sets gable end rafters place toenails top plate nails side side
roof sheathing covers rafters roof joists roof sheathing wall sheathing subflooring structural element part framing sheathing nailing base finish roof covering rigidity strength roof framing plywood lumber roof sheathing commonly pitched roofs lumber laminated roof decking homes exposed ceilings manufactured wood fiber roof decking adaptable exposed ceiling applications roof sheathing boards generally common species pines douglas fir redwood hemlocks western larch firs spruces roof covered asphalt shingles important seasoned material sheathing unseasoned wood dry shrink width shrinkage buckling lifts shingles extend full length board nominal boards flat pitched roofs flat roofs deck balcony thicker sheathing boards required board roof sheathing board wall sheathing subflooring laid horizontally diagonally horizontal board sheathing closed laid spaces courses open laid spaces courses areas wind driven snow conditions prevail solid roof deck recommended roof boards sheathing materials require solid continuous support asphalt shingles composition roofing sheet metal roofing laid closed
interlocking lock shingles designed provide resistance strong winds integral locking devices vary detail classified general groups types individual shingles type strip shingle tabs strip interlocking shingles require adhesives cement occasionally needed rakes eaves locking devices removed roof slope minimum shingle manufacturer individual shingles types intended roof slopes greater due number designs manufacturer instructions studied carefully interlocking shingles aligning sufficiently flexible allow limited amount adjustment save especially roofs recommended roofs laid horizontal chalk lines provide guides meeting matching locking courses dormers projections roof locking devices engaged correctly proper location nails essential performance locking device shingle manufacturer instructions nail located insure results procedure finishing hips ridges strip shingles types wood shakes tapersplit straightsplit shakes produced lengths
application course siding determines level uniformity succeeding courses insure proper application course proceed follows measure tape top top plate measure underside soffit point bottom plate point foundation mark foundation record measurement repeat step sidewall intervals measured length snap chalk line horizontally marks bevel bungalow anzac patterns nail furring strip line provide support starting course bottom edge course siding positioned chalk line begin application placing butt edge siding chalk line start piece siding end sidewall end course nailed bottom plate points stud mark nailing locations succeeding courses amount overlap measured top siding course lapped snap chalk line mark locate butt edge course course started end sidewall align siding horizontally chalk line nail studbearing
discussion vapor barriers included previously vapor barriers part flexible insulation information paragraphs building materials permeable water vapor presents problems considerable water vapor generated house cooking dishwashing laundering bathing humidifiers sources cold weather vapor pass wall ceiling materials condense wall attic space subsequently severe cases damage exterior paint interior finish promote decay structural members protection material highly resistant vapor transmission called vapor barrier warm side wall insulation attic space effective vapor barrier materials asphalt laminated papers aluminum foil plastic films blanket batt insulations provided vapor barrier side paper backed aluminum foil foil backed gypsum lath gypsum boards serve excellent vapor barriers effectiveness vapor barriers rated perm values perm grain vapor transmission square foot hour inch mercury vapor pressure difference low perm values high resistance vapor transmission perm values vapor barriers vary ordinarily practice barriers values perm perm considered adequate aging reduces effectiveness materials
cutting panels crosscut saw table saw cut face side electric hand saw saber saw cut face side rip saw tear veneer edge panel cutting panel outlets locate opening chalking edges outlet box carefully fitting panel loosely chalked box strike face panel sharply times heel hand transfer box outline panel drill pilot holes corners side cut outlet hole front side keyhole saw saber saw plunge cut eliminate drilling pilot holes corners styles wood metal moldings wood paneling pine moldings stained harmonize prefinished paneling prefinished moldings match panel finish accurate measurements essential professional looking molding job measure ceiling line cove crown molding measure floor exact length base shoe molding assume ceiling floor length wood moldings scribed mitered coped unit interior trim
proper construction chimneys fireplaces essential safe efficient operation local codes vary slightly sure consult follow recommended chimneys fireplaces designed construction supervised experienced field chimney fireplace carefully built order free fire hazards desirable harmony architectural style house fireplaces fuel burning equipment stoves furnaces require type chimney chimneys generally constructed masonry units supported suitable foundation lightweight prefabricated chimneys require masonry protection concrete foundations accepted fire underwriters approved listed underwriters laboratories chimney designed built produces sufficient draft supply adequate quantity fresh air fire expel smoke harmful gases fire fuel burning equipment greater difference temperature chimney gases atmosphere draft interior chimney draft masonry retains heat longer flue passage chimney air gases smoke travel proper construction flue important size area height shape tightness smoothness determine effectiveness chimney producing adequate draft expelling smoke gases
dry wood termites fly directly wood bore building tunnels ground subterranean termites dry wood termites common tropics found united states narrow strip atlantic coast cape henry virginia florida keys westward coast gulf mexico pacific coast northern california infest structural timber woodwork buildings furniture surface adequately protected paint finishes dry wood termites cut grain wood excavate broad pockets chambers chambers connected tunnels diameter termite body dry wood termites destroy springwood harder summerwood subterranean termites principally attack springwood dry wood termites remain hidden wood seldom seen dispersal flights provide protection termites planning construction building remove woody debris stumps discarded form boards soil building site construction steps soil house dry foundation impervious subterranean termites prevent crawling hidden cracks wood building properly reinforced concrete makes foundation
hundreds method building homes construct stick stick site buildings part construction industry trend today manufactured industrialized housing estimated housing produced factory method building necessarily reduce cost housing require fewer carpenters skilled craftsmen spite trend carpentry continue single largest skilled trade north america industrialization introduced home building prefabricated trusses common builders lumber dealers assemble trusses simple jig hammers nails adhesive later trusses produced large quantities manufacturing plants idea utilized developing prehung doors prefinished paneling items speed building home site step industrialization development factory built panels panels prefabricated roof trusses flat roof panels speed building house shell house enclosed short period completed inclement weather unicom method house construction developed national lumber manufacturers association method promoting industrialized housing dimensions based multiples importance modular planning grid design control emphasized
think family think friends families children alike mother differences children mother children discarded earlier notions think children lumps clay molded suit parents wishes firt girl betty age stubborn difficult hard baby boy neddie opposite ate slept beginning younger sister amy energy tidy package full sympathy love happy active baby active happy enjoy pre teen junior high stage child worked means worked hard lesson learn children turn dr stella chess psychiatrist york university school medicine personality differences psychiatrist medical doctor studied mind behavior
baby begins single cell smaller period end sentence cell created union parent cells female egg cell ovum female sex cell male sperm male sex cell week cells increase cells smaller period bound barely stretched transparent membrane held single egg days week cluster cells drifts slowly downstream tube leads womb fourth cluster arrives uterus continues drift days week end cluster attached lining womb remain firmly implanted birth ninth embryo child earliest stage development conception months begins shape cluster cells nested womb days follow cells increase hundreds thousands turn highly specialized parts human body twenty fourth embryo visible arms legs hours later beginnings arms tiny buds sides body suddenly
let developing fetus read chapter person moment conception ovum unites sperm baby inherits traits parents traits combine individual countless ways fertilized ovum baby grows carries potential traits child information comes instructions carried ovum sperm person cells chromosomes strands special material protein chromosomes lined chains tiny units called genes genes carry codes instructions individual trait include details physical appearance body works resistance tendency diseases fertilized cell divides cell divides process continues embryo grows cell divides chromosomes copy cells divide cell set chromosomes genes embryo grows cells specialized cells muscle cells nerve cells instructions genes cells develop special ways cells sex cells chromosomes sex cells ovum sperm ovum sperm unite fertilized ovum chromosomes half mother half father
period insisted trying change children handedness left handed children forced hands home school produced confusion handedness generally believed handedness inherited preference try interfere young child hand equal ease parents give shove handedness hand things child grasp hand verbal suggestions issue school left handed child needs sympathetic teacher handed left handed child experience difficulty writing tasks teacher aware fact help child happen teacher seated left handed child handed table try writing left hand writing affect child learning write handedness worry according current research parents shouldn worry child settled hand kindergarten necessarily mean child going poor reader later vision seeing children important sense
stage occurs roughly children longer centered recognize views children ways objects alike shape container affect quantity holds instance liter quart water tall bottle flat pan understand idea number tell ten marbles row row rows length think numbers rows equal length stage children able picture series actions action going errand returning age errand return draw map familiar route visualizing age children thinking elastic find solution problem choose logical children age reason orderly test explanations capable abstract thought understand ideas related real objects justice freedom instance thinking based concepts concepts general ideas organize classify objects information give meaning experience naming things describing behavior relationships
read normal children stages mental development rate differ abilities think group adults mental abilities psychologists believe kinds mental capacities ability think reason definition intelligence disagreement exactly intelligence includes piaget defines broadly person ability cope environment inherit basic mental capacities happens children grow affects inborn abilities section discuss factors affect abilities factor socioeconomic status discussed chapter diet affect growth development brain family eats food depend money buy food depend knowing importance food adequate incomes don buy food things affect ways children mental capacities health experiences health affected boy development capacity learn gordon baby alert active grew ages ill parents baby father left gordon mother busy infant gordon left deal
ages words magic children johnny needs beth give struggle toy parents call surprise exciting olds apt accept children young age willing accept parent says rule shouldn overused dropped children grow older mean parent deceiving tricking child means words difference child willingness cooperate helpful set routines things wash face brush teeth bath dinner routines avoid tiresome decisions arguments children routines granted children taught things touched hot stoves instance lot energy trying guard small breakable objects ashtrays cups saucers vases grabby preschooler common sense safety sense items reach small children parent allow child order prevent scene spoiling spoiling let children want able recognizing limitations
experts children increasingly aware food affects behavior health reason doubly important understand food habits develop experts agree known physiological reasons food preferences taste appears important factors studies comparing taste preferences age groups agreement liked disliked foods strongly flavored yellow dark green vegetables favored age group babies sweet flavors eat foods mildly salty sour tastes didn bitter flavors odor texture temperature food affect taste mixture soft chewy crisp foods suggested children meals adults children react color general appearance food taste important enjoyment food setting served agree adults continue prefer foods learned young children children learn food preferences parents families peers especially true teenagers watch group eating says ugh don apt stop eating disliked food learn experience food young children food preferences undeveloped children variety foods young apt fussy eaters grown
getting child bed sleep sound fairly easy common problems parents face son months sleep home bed sleep car playpen arms yesterday friends house nap late afternoon sleepy thought surely sleep girl crib frightened put left screamed cried half hour sleep woke half hour later ordinarily naps hours wanted cling husband couple convinced put high chair give cracker finally siad babying let sit cry floor holding wanted tired put bed couldn scare wasn scare felt awful think terrible visiting enjoy nap
families getting smaller half households country number reasons postponing marriage divorces fewer women children waiting longer fewer children number person households increasing census bureau figures show percent households mid children longer inevitable result marriage able plan families choice children space planning family adults consider children physically financially emotionally provide child needs food clothing shelter love protection health care education children adequately care emotional strain parents general things consider spacing number children comfortable parents healthiest mother child recent study erik eckholm kathleen newland describes health conditions mothers babies terms planning family children age recommended children born teenage mothers die babies frequently low birth weight young mothers apt die complications children age dangerous
suppose couple fairly adjusted decide family number things consider deciding start parents health wife works plan continue working baby family able manage earnings costs actually baby items check hospital costs delivery room nursery care extras fees doctor delivers baby pediatrician included hospital charges addition mother need clothes pregnant cost vary according individual needs preferences season cost baby clothing figured baby furniture equipment housing couple continue live apartment houses don permit children cost moving added couple won need move reason space problem place caring baby sleeping space equipment minimum alter living space parents plan agree space cost taking care baby account diapers diaper service cost washer dryer considered
david feeling sorry liked insisted kids didn teacher mean mother father treating picking david complaints unreasonable actually don fit facts typical child age children likely feel mistreating fact resentful unhappy complain don want member family reaction shock previous stage child chief joy family unfortunately equally normal stage development months child simply haunted let sight minute course school won movies won play friends hangs house talks terry mother complaint say afraid terry behavior unhealthy terry asked yes terry mother accurate description typical behavior
problems arise child ill complex related adult illness care child understands reasons hospitalization child prepared experience emergency child visit hospital hospitals provide tours children young child hospitalized parent hospital permits older children parents spend presence parent reduce fear comfort child pain illness constant presence parent difficult impossible early period parent child bedside reassuring care patient home book red cross home nursing textbook reference learning techniques visiting nurses resource assistance nursing care home care ill child involves considerations special attention food affects health morale food served important nutrients child recovery continued health addition colorfully attractively served tray appearance dishes glasses mats napkins varied adding flower small toy surprise tray help mealtimes interesting cheer child
list preventable conditions knowledge grows longer conditions disable children prevented aware diseases mildly affect adults children effects fetuses newborns pregnant woman exposed infections diseases tell doctor rubella german measles disease rubella doubly dangerous mild aware exposed pregnant woman catches rubella early pregnancy aware pregnant baby born blind central nervous system damage mentally retarded heart defect deformed rubella prevented child immunized early preventing spread late public health officials alarmed increase number cases rubella estimated million children vaccinated disease adults vaccinated chance woman pregnant pregnant months shouldn vaccinated vaccine affect fetus disease disease mother affect fetus syphilis faulty bone development infections brain organs fetus
thought percent school age children kind speech problem kinds common difficulty articulation pronouncing sounds form adding leaving substituting distorting syllables words stuttering interruption rhythm flow speech type difficulty agreement specialists stuttering believe responses parents child learning speak exaggerate problem experts believe physical regardless treatment begun problem noticed chances improvement chances decrease person begins think stutterer reason important treatment begin early cleft palate cleft lip uncorrected result speech disorders cleft palate results incomplete joining halves roof mouth upper jaw occurs month fetal cleft lip results failure halves upper lip join conditions hereditary caused contact toxic agents mother pregnancy poor nutrition pregnancy treatment cleft palate involves surgery child
heard bubble break heard rose bloom rose bloomed fast bubble breaks hear reason hear rose bloom petals open suddenly bubble breaks observing continually taking place notice amount required place takes rose bloom cloud drift sky hand bubble break lightning bolt streak clouds earth happen finished gathered evidence prove takes wear rock notion takes form mountain range alps involve senses detect think taking forever occurring instantly words forever instantly earth sciences exact descriptions extremely rapid extremely slow rates change measured scale flash lightning measured kilometers
took imaginary look earth space prologue tell earth materials distance fascinating patterns clouds swirled winds surface earth openings cloud cover revealed dark patches ocean brighter spots land clouds land ocean differ differences begin study makeup composition earth solid outer shell earth crust called lithosphere word comes greek word lithos meaning stone water vast oceans flowing rivers streams locked ice hydrosphere air surrounding earth moving currents forms atmosphere terms begun classify group regions earth classification consists grouping things common characteristics properties examine materials earth greater detail look earth figure characteristics scale observation closer inspection land figure reveals surface features visible distance examine surface earth detail composed variety materials
water consists percent oxygen percent hydrogen weight oxygen atom abundant component hydrosphere hydrosphere elements guess tasted seawater water salty lakes element found crust present seawater small amounts chemical analyses samples seawater show percent dissolved materials principal ions solution sodium ion chloride ion elements ordinary table salt learn ions sea study water cycle air water uniform composition question answered ago antoine lavoisier known father modern chemistry lavoisier performed brilliant series experiments air experiment heated mercury bottle exposed fixed amount air large bell jar days heated mercury boiling point noticed red particles formed mercury particles stopped forming days lavoisier corrections air pressure temperature calculated original cubic centimeters air bell jar reduced cubic centimeters lavoisier reasoned hypothesized cubic centimeters air mercury form red particles
observations investigation insight energy flow conversion ideas key concepts science understand energy conversions classify energy types investigation saw evidence kinds energy compare kinds energy identified recognized scientists types energy mechanical heat thermal radiant light chemical electrical nuclear boulder rolling hillside mechanical energy warm ocean current heat thermal energy mechanical energy sun radiant energy travels space light warm earth chemical energy energy stored fuels energy food body converts energy activities electrical energy lights home involved important ways behavior matter nuclear energy nucleus atom results conversion matter energy names types energy look question part question part investigation answers questions engines devices changing transforming energy gasoline engine transforms chemical energy gasoline mechanical energy chemical energy fuel transformed mechanical energy
palm trees bend low rushing wind waves dash beach spray flung waves air mingles rain giant storm spending small fraction energy shore southward coast returning inland shelters homes washed foundations power lines tangled familiar beach replaced arm sea hundreds miles north storm lost fury farmers welcome rain falling dry fields saw birth storm calm waters atlantic equator tropic cancer water vapor warm sea carried upward unseen eddies wind white puffs cloud appeared sky cloud puffs erupt vapor changing cloud began release internal energy tremendous quantities towering columns cloud billowed upward vast expanse ocean saw plane bound lisbon brazil spotted clouds covered area hundred kilometers pilot flashed weather message analyst weather centers read message sorted latest photographs tiros weather satellite found area clouds thought detect band cloud spiral center area
convection sets air motion air starts moving directly isobars areas lower pressure coriolis effect deflects winds blow angle isobars shown figure motion parallel latitude lines motion parallels called zonal motion convective cell circulating air equator pole cells shown figure result rotation zonal motions develop meteorologists explain picture general circulation heated air rises equator begins flow poleward high troposphere air deflected coriolis effect west wind slight poleward motion moving equator air cools rapidly radiation space denser sinks earth surface latitude degrees north south part sinking air latitude degrees turns equator reaches earth surface part continues pole current moving equator deflected trade winds trades hemisphere meet equator begin rise completing circulation hadley cell trade winds sweep half earth surface steadiest winds lower atmosphere showing change direction speed
places photographs desert think wide expanse rolling sand dunes word desert mentioned desert area kind climate actually climate climate history weather recorded place history book include human events occurred place earth historians summarize human events climatologists generalize weather events place describing climate history effects history past reflected architecture customs dress climate weather centuries land character thick leaves desert cactus jealously guard store water brightly flowered plants tundra hug earth closely escape strong winds tear soil lush green leaves jungle plants carelessly spend plentiful water supplies land areas earth vegetation reflects weather past maps broad patterns earth climates patterns earth climates system climates earth traced energy sun powers water cycle
climate thought summary weather history weather actual occurrence climate statistical generalization weather records period energy moisture principal elements climate water cycle climatic regions result interaction energy moisture patterns water cycle global pattern climates basically latitudinal angle incidence length principal factors determining energy receipt places surface earth energy determines air motion energy air motion regulate amount moisture air determine goes moisture pattern basically latitudinal rising sinking air equatorial belt trade winds converge air rises producing heavy precipitation degrees latitude air sinks diverges resulting low rainfall moisture deficit degrees latitude warm subtropical air meets cold air polar front warm air rising polar front produces precipitation cold air sinking polar zone dry yields precipitation latitudinal pattern climate modified mainly influence continents oceans rates absorption energy land water variations temperature reason continental climates wider range temperature marine climates
materials weathered eroded land eventually reach sea products wearing land deposited part ocean basin materials travel sea thousands streams rivers borne aloft winds dropped sea wind energy diminished caught glacial ice slowly carried sea fall sea floor ice melts ocean waters journey sea stops materials remain deposits lakes resuming seaward journey happens sediments reach sea simply pile huge deposits mouths rivers processes act sea shift sediment materials land reach central parts oceans wondered topography sea floor sediments deposited animals inhabit ocean environment evidence alexander thought exploring depths sea diving bells ancient manuscript shows alexander making descent ocean bottom learn sea sea floor travel surface ships famous british ship hms challenger modern counterpart german meteor
considering theories developed explain topography earth mountain building review features conditions explained acceptable theory proposed explain observed conditions foremost features worldwide pattern mobile belts shown figure earthquake watch questions related pattern belts happen borders pacific ocean closely don mobile belts border continents questions reasonable theory able answer related problem concerns pattern mid ocean ridges shown figure trough found crest mid ocean ridge result tensional pulling forces presence thin recent deep ocean sediments explained present rates deep sea sedimentation estimate thick sediments expected thicknesses turn order kilometers actual thicknesses average half kilometer sedimentary volcanic rocks found ocean basins young compared age basin sedimentary volcanic rocks younger million basins thought times age
earth scientists living eighteenth nineteenth centuries convinced earth lacked evidence prove result constant conflict scientists physicists conflict resulted fact physicists supposedly able show mathematically earth million figures proposed physicists age earth based assumption earth cooled originally molten obtain age earth determined temperature rocks earth crust approximate rate cooling earth figures calculated age additional support conclusion pointed known source energy sun hot million logical assume earth older sun decades passed earth scientists physicists odds question age earth began problem solution happens scientific studies chance discovery opened solving problem henri becquerel french physicist unexposed photographic plate piece uranium compound darkroom
imagine standing front rock outcrop foothills rocky mountains stand view rock layered order tell story makes sense start beginning story begin pile layered rocks top bottom oldest layer figure layers horizontal tilted mean history rocks outcrop suppose outcrop examine closely discover looks photograph figure examine rock closely texture shown figure fragments rock fit kind texture origin rock kinds rocks shown figure describe features specimens probable origin rock specific evidence base statements common feature sedimentary rocks layering examine figure shows sedimentary rock outcrops rocks layered layering show difference color size kind grains rock layers regular continuous irregular broken
look nearest star point light largest telescope inch reflector palomar mountain stars tiny points light scientists hope learn stars compare sun surfaces things nineteenth century french philosopher auguste comte human race forever remain ignorance chemical constitution heavenly bodies comte wrong stars sizes temperatures masses brightness move space information obtained certainly space travel stars age space exploration moving star star prove harder going planet planet solar system fantastically distances stars planet mars closest earth sunlight reflected surface takes minutes reach planet light distant pluto takes half hours radiation star nearest sun traveling speed light takes reach earth astronauts trying reach star travel speeds speed light face possibility dying age getting earth
astronomer walter baade working inch telescope largest summit mount wilson california war ii lights pasadena los blacked baade trying push inch telescope limits blackout helpful permitted expose photographic plates longer fogged sky glow produced city lights longer exposure found record light coming fainter stars photographic plates baade looking million light space galaxy constellation andromeda huge system billions stars clustered space appears photograph twenty earlier edwin hubble telescope photographed galaxy found spiral arms forming outer parts consisted countless numbers individual stars brightest hot blue stars luminosity true celestial beacons baade interested hazy looking central regions andromeda galaxy regions shown individual stars photographs evidently blue luminous stars kind hubble discovered outer parts galaxy stars central regions kinds stars baade thought knew answers questions
chance finding universe started backward possibilities universe beginning end universe start past evolving stars individual galaxies stars galaxies forever stars hydrogen fuel someday end cosmic ash heap celestial clinkers true galaxies ability form stars dust gas someday end universe young start factor account universe expanding space galaxies getting larger larger someday billions galaxy space expansion stop galaxies closer billions crushed explode start process sort universe oscillating universe eternally expanding contracting expanding giant lung balloon universe keeps expanding galaxies farther farther space suppose run film backward movie diving swimming pool
genes chromosomes important genes small organisms carry inside bodies information heredity passed generations ancestors messages genes carry parents genes sure look parents chromosomes shaped small threads rods small larger genes fact chromosomes resting place genes chromosomes carry genes determine hereditary traits human living things definite number chromosomes normal human beings chromosomes types number chromosomes human beings chromosomes female ovum germ cell chromosomes male sperm germ cell chromosomes male female combine created chromosomes carries genes send kinds messages help gene chromosome important determining child easier appreciate child individual understand genes chromosomes remember chromosome thousands genes scientists sure exact number gene set instructions carried order human
parents decide foods young child eat children grow older decisions foods eat cultural reasons diet choices wise prefer eat candy bar piece fruit drink soda milk juice candy soda foods type high sugar low nutrients human body needs eating large quantity foods high sugar dental decay addition body provided needed nutrients kind food amount food person eats difference health individual body females especially teen eat balanced diet pregnancy give birth children healthy unhealthy baby greater chance unhealthy child born healthy female age eaten balanced diet healthy chance giving birth healthy baby female eaten balanced diet birth unborn baby lives develops mother uterus uterus called womb pear shaped pear sized organ located female lower abdomen
process birth delivery infant natural happen standing home car field mothers united states prefer give birth babies hospital hospitals provide comfort parents apprehensive childbirth provide expertise facilities deal complications arise reasons doctors recommend babies born hospitals womb baby lived approximately months temperature baby delivery room hospital cooler birth infant warming crib help adjust body temperature delivery room infant tiny wet red birth babies born head parts body feet emerge immediately body emerged fluid nose mouth removed baby breathe newborn babies average pounds weight inches length male babies tend slightly longer slightly heavier female babies internal organs ready newborn begin sustaining umbilical cord detached newborn baby breathes eats rid wastes
speech communication thought spoken word powerful tool human beings words known communicate need think want language words words combined pronounced speech language babies born language innate ability developing language things children learn language hardest caregiver important role play development babies interested sound human voice soon try copy sounds hear listen sounds learn speech words babies learn talk hear speak fact hear speak faster learn speak caregivers contact babies talk babies understand saying matter object talking familiarize sounds speech baby sit high chair idea communicate eye level seated facing baby easily watch speak
learned development baby concept begins early fact determined concept caregiver mother pleased person pleased child concept mother child caregiver proud caring baby feeling child feel hand caregiver caregiving child suffer everyday tasks changing diapers feeding unpleasant chores caregiver trouble liking child babies sense feelings trouble developing concept feel loved valued feel reflection treated likewise treat reflection feel concept caregiver affect initial development baby concept cared goldfish feed daily change water periodically goldfish need company goldfish human beings unlike goldfish survive environment lacking contact human beings need contact human beings order human contact learn speak think form human relationships
motivates desire learn varying situations answer question likely times want learn feel wants kind satisfaction experienced type learning times motivated learn curiosity type learning feel fun boring curiosity aroused want curiosity basic human trait infants demonstrate curiosity visual staring showing want learn develop muscle control signs curiosity advanced try put mouth physical intellectual abilities toddlers ways expressing curiosity toys objects put open cabinet doors addition toddlers ask questions find words makes children curious learned heredity environment affect child development applies curiosity development curiosity depends child environment curious toddlers messy objects floor child asks questions caregiver impatient angry
understanding acceptance essential understanding accepting generally agreed behavior exhibit reflects feelings want interact environment friendly hostile manner want creative destructive want try develop talents idle order things acceptance develops communicate jose tells maria catches ball maria begins think caregivers tell children fun children begin think company contributes developing acceptance true caregiver children care children sensitive moods attitudes adults environment invisible antennae pick feelings caregiver concept effect child learned chapter concept child depends deal concept caregiver enjoy children care learn enjoy cope problems children care learn cope problems
person part social system makes demands society demands order functioning adult child learn read respect privacy property give receive love affection accomplishment developmental tasks makes achievement similar tasks later human beings feel concept bad view future present developmental tasks concept values beliefs personal attitudes highly interdependent performance developmental tasks continuous process tasks child performing move ahead mature level functioning concept developmental tasks help understand growth development amanda knocks block towers scribbles drawings calls names understanding caregiver look bad behavior amanda efforts learning caregiver provide amanda alternate socially acceptable ways relating substitute previously unacceptable behavior theorists explained behavior individual attempts satisfying unmet needs gerald weinstein offers description needs important individual needs identity relationships power
abuse neglect children things child abusers abused childhood grow abusers learn behavior models abusive child abusers insecure dependent confidence abuse children understand growth development respect child individual tend expect children function grown ups expect children capable understand needs changing family patterns strained economic conditions child abuse neglect husband wife difficulty getting anger frustration children living relatives friends help problems living conditions crowded money provide needs parents children stress results factors play part creating situations child abuse neglect likely parents abuse neglect children generally parents angry depressed frustrated child abuse neglect considered crime parents caregivers damage harm children laws require doctors teachers report child abuse neglect agencies department social services
salaries vary parts country times depending business conditions cost living supply trained office workers salary offered frequently determined ability experience required position senior bookkeepers highest paid office employees average salaries slightly week according annual survey office salary rates conducted administrative management society average weekly salary paid office workers areas united states salaries paid senior general clerks payroll clerks senior tabulating machine operators national average salaries typist clerks file clerks junior general clerks average salaries office workers consistently moved upward rates varying percent addition fringe benefits amount percent salaries granted office employees include benefits company shared pension plan group insurance hospitalization surgical benefits sickness benefits insurance general office pleasant place tendency improve surroundings working conditions office workers installing modern office furniture coordinated carpeting draperies fluorescent lighting air conditioning associations workers prove enriching pleasant fact office employees participate company sponsored activities
accustomed position able anticipate things proceed specific instructions worker anticipates makes preparations mediocre poor worker told exactly measure intelligent business worker ability understand judge follow oral written instructions equal importance ability select important things lesser times special instructions prime importance instructions clearly understood naturally waste employer asking unnecessary explanations instructions hurriedly clearly ask clarification proceed wrong thing memory depended carry details connected office avoid possibility forgetting making notes important details instructions notes help exactly comes responsibility desk regular business hours hours established smooth running office depends important degree strict observance avoid desk regular business hours
part handling business forms business forms depend size office type employer engaged office worker fill handwritten forms occasionally spend preparing completely typewritten forms calculating machine typewriter complete forms series computations spend considerable copying descriptive information compiling statistical data business forms surely expected check sort file forms understanding purposes parts form basic principles form design essential effectively forms forms extensively business eliminate necessity repeating rewriting information number records forms arrange information read easily filed accurately section business form serve specific purpose heading shows form genuine document issued business firm statement prepared firm statement form prove request payment authentic printed form purpose purchase order authority buy invoice bill sale statement request payment column headings form
listing machine desk prints roll paper tape amounts added subtracted multiplied divided printed answers computations special symbols subtotals totals remainders credit balances printed tapes enable check amounts computed machine original amounts checks sales slips invoices timecards business forms types listing machines extensively full keyboard adding machines ten key adding machines printing calculators let look illustration full keyboard listing machine page full keyboard adding machine twenty columns keys ranging ascending order keys keyboard ciphers printed automatically enter depress key fourth column keyboard key column motor bar add print amount machines primarily addition subtraction multiply repeated addition table reciprocals divisors solve division problems adding machines type equipped credit balance key permits credit balance directly recorded tape amounts subtracted greater amounts added
volume incoming mail large letters opened mailing department automatic envelope opener trims narrow strip edge envelope amount small risk contents mutilated order reduce chances cutting contents envelopes jogged table opener contents fall edge trimmed open mail office hand operated letter opener paper knife depending amount incoming mail received open envelope paper knife place face desk run knife flap cut letter enclosure opening envelope transparent mending tape put opened number envelopes remove letters enclosures carefully concerns require inspect letter enclosures soon removed attach enclosures letter enclosure missing note omission margin letter expected special memorandum file missing enclosure check money order cash stamps
kinds packaged mail special low rates instance packages books mailed educational materials rate rate zones order obtain rate mark package educational materials consult postal manual special rates california canada mexico hawaii alaska working airmail airmail carried air fastest connecting ground carriers quickest handling dispatch delivery special delivery special delivery fee paid standard rate ounce applies airmail letters packages exceeding ounces weight lower rate charged air postal cards postcards packages air weigh ounces considered air parcel post rates parcels vary according weight zone delivery mail truck leaves post office vicinity airport knowing schedule enable letters advantage fast delivery find expedient send pieces mail classes single mailing sure arrive class letter attached larger envelope parcel mail enclosed larger envelope parcel
colloquialisms acceptable slang condoned business office slang widely current terms forced meaning meaning cooperate dig meaning understand words expressions type direct defiance language usage wide usage slang words phrases ball miss boat caused lose undesirable quality past usage business office limited vocabulary swell lousy guy pencil pusher slang reflects weak english background vocal mechanisms utter words convey thoughts eyes facial expressions gestures hands arms body times assist expressing thoughts proper supporting movements enhance person ability communicate improper highly distracting unattractive mannerisms avoid excessive hands unnatural eyes distorted facial expressions detract conversation office worker wants sure mannerisms unpleasant associates deals process communicating business office receptionist give attention need courteous
folders overcrowded inch filing material file folders score lines bottom expand capacity folder folder begins fill score creased paper accumulates remaining scores creased scores creased soon documents curl folder hand folder bulge score creased large number papers accumulate folder expansion folders capacity folder finally reached material subdivided folders subdivisions chronologically jones company jan mar june subject jones company orders jones company receipts subdivision information folder tab identify properly contents merely putting folder folder tab tell folder miscellaneous folders examined individual special folders prepared logically expanding filing system captions folder labels printed typewritten preferable typed needed gummed adhesive pressure sensitive folder labels adhesive labels preferred adhesive labels easily tab stand continued
steps help successful administration filing system step preparing papers files developing planned collection routine small office records filed file trays desks times documents removed prepared filing occasionally employer desk permission course uncover documents filed larger offices messenger collects papers regular intervals delivers central filing department records needed filed definite collection routine remove records desk tops place files protected controlled step filing process inspecting document files inspection step look release mark authority file document mark action document released filing release mark initials person document initials upper left corner document assumed carbon copies ready file bear release marks firms prepare carbon copies paper words file copy printed large outline letters face sheet firms piggy method
duplicate trial copy inspect marginal adjustments copy raised lowered machines leveled adjusting simple controls machine side margins easily adjusted moving left paper guides feed tray copies light pad silk screen receiving inadequate supply ink check source ink supply add ink according instructions machine run copies copies dark evenly inked run desired number machines mechanism copies automatically counted run machine machines register counting device sheet paper fed machine begins produce quality desired operator sets counter register operates machine counter shows desired number reproduced models preset counting device number copies desired number fed machine bell sound feeding mechanism automatically stop flow paper machine occasionally cylinder rotating stop flow paper fed machine inspect front copy receiving tray discover unwanted ink deposits notice inconsistent reproduction cut motor remedy trouble
basic types offset duplicating masters paper masters metal masters referred aluminum plates short run medium run run paper masters purchased copies obtained single run master copies run aluminum plate short run paper masters expensive ten cents aluminum plates expensive approximately fifty cents satisfactory expensive ways imaging offset masters photo negative method photo negative prepared image transferred positive master method commonly image metal masters runs image special run plastic coated paper masters corrections original copy photographed negative incorrect word lokos cut original correct word looks typed sheet top bottom left margins original sheet cut substituted cutout area original mending tape applied original hold substitution place correction rub error white chalk completely covered type correction covered area
semiautomatic composing machine wide variety typefaces primarily initial stages duplicating process prepare master copy typing pressure uniform set degrees strength proper impression master sheet fluid masters offset paper masters stencils typed machine type copy pasted layout photographed photo negative copying process copy composed typed professional printed appearance letters alphabet automatically spaced according individual widths wider letters set wider spaces narrower letters alphabet typing copy justify margin give added resemblance typeset copy rough draft typed converted justified line tabular key sets motion mechanism automatically computes space differential line copy needed bring margin copy typed typefaces set type fonts bands typefaces vary size tiny point type large point type styles foreign languages fonts fitted operating anvil machine
average length retailers wholesalers manufacturers remain business united states failures occur small business organizations poor business methods practices unsuccessful firms start business insufficient capital poor records fail exercise judgment extending credit develop large number bad debts eventually bankruptcy goods sold known open account goods sold customer credit expected pay generally thirty days customer offered cash discount making payment promptly goods sold terms terms mean discount percent allowed payment ten days date invoice full amount paid settlement discount period payment due later thirty days invoice date firm asks credit generally submit statement financial condition names individuals firms business credit basis seller writes firms names listed gather information credit experiences prospective customer businesses special form called request credit information asks number questions pertaining credit experiences
general impression appearance favorable careful applicant person clothing clothing attractive posture facial expression favorable unfavorable physical mental emotional condition nerves relaxed tense facial expression bodily movements competent interviewer rate applicant things applicant walked steps office door interviewer desk vitally important getting holding job applicant seated started talking interviewer alert qualities applicant voice pleasing sound quality inflection volume normal spoken words fully distinctly articulated speech conform grammatical usage pronunciation words accurate words simplicity maturity talk freely glibly applicant likable personality generally pleasing need type charm bird tree hand employers reluctant organization individual personality appears disagreeable irritating applicant courteous considerate tactful dealings alert energetic
federal government largest single employer women united states providing jobs million civilians interested knowing clerical job opportunities offers half employees federal government office workers majority women engaged office positions found private industry typist clerk typist general clerk stenographer office machine operator receptionist engaged office positions unique federal employment postal clerks office employees internal revenue service foreign service office workers department successfully completed high school program qualify clerical service position previous business experience equal opportunities applicants regardless race creed color performance tests branches civil service office positions requiring measurable skills typewriting shorthand transcription office machine operation minimum typing rate net words minute straight copy required initial employment typist shorthand dictation generally rates ranging words minute notes transcribed typewriter reasonable transcription standard set examining board circumstances arrangements schools teachers issue certificate civil service commission form attesting required degree proficiency typing stenography
brian norris works michigan department treasury clerk computer department handles variety tasks including checking computer printouts sending information computer terminals checking coding information computer programs brian completed courses typewriting data processing clerical procedures high school began working michigan shortly graduation high school ago brian likes opportunity learn newest developments computers enrolled advanced course data processing nearby community college ms lisa carpenter clerk typist office manager large hotel miami florida lisa brian studied typewriting clerical procedures high school began working part hotel junior high school graduated accepted full position tasks varied mainly types letters reports answers telephone files works members manager staff workers try office efficient pleasant place transact business brian lisa thirteen million persons working clerical jobs united states business activities types organizations including business firms schools colleges governmental agencies hospitals legal offices depend services clerical workers
mistakes costly offices information error free office workers give constant attention quality office worker makes errors office worker developed careful systematic paying attention detail task addition making mistakes office worker able recognize mistake correct efficient office manager commented importance accuracy think place accuracy top list requirements typists office efficient check typist typists consistent record accurate course typists mistakes find typists mistakes mistakes sense immediately correct proofread records errors produce record fortunately expect add entries record fine group workers competent office workers able complete tasks reasonable periods free office tasks completed according established schedule flow interrupted slow workers costly accomplish expected working
miss rachel sheehy clerk typist graduation high school months ago afternoon thought needed order fulfill responsibilities realized constantly basic skills reading listening taught school knew received written instructions needed understand order follow tasks realized times worker supervisor talked tasks needed listen carefully order understand exactly applied office job requires reading ability employer expect skillful kinds reading able read information job company personnel policies affect hours salary vacations insurance benefits able read instructions tasks asked need read wide variety references consult need specific information prices regulations schedules details related don jacobs commented importance reading skill learned scan read quickly information give inquiring customer
heading table contents centered inches top page typed entirely capital letters double spacing titles chapters main topics single spacing instances important words chapter main topic title capitalized important words include word articles conjunctions short prepositions chapter title preceded number typed capital roman numerals period spaces roman numerals lined periods directly beneath leaders periods spaces alternated extend page title guide reader finding page number periods leaders vertical alignment line easily typing periods odd numbers typewriter line scale final copy typed table contents checked text correctness titles accuracy page numbers heading list tables main headings centered inches top page typed entirely capital letters table numbers typed arabic numerals period blank spaces letter important word title table typed capital letter
bert kyle began working taylor holland motley attorneys law study program high school graduated kyle continued working firm full learning lot legal profession transcribing wide variety legal documents transcribing machine kyle looks forward typing contracts wills deeds leases dictated attorneys realizes responsibility employers type error free documents responsibility clients information confidential kyle finds interesting enjoys challenge fast accurate typist kinds legal papers documents contracts wills deeds leases affidavits powers attorney typewritten printed merely require filling blanks complete require services notary public require witnesses called type complete legal document legal documents typed standard paper typed legal size paper inches wide vary inches length paper printed left margin lines left margin rule double line margin single line
tiffany lawton works receptionist typist large international advertising agency madison avenue york city hired job graduated high school months ago finds job interesting clients visitors desk knows care promptly graciously maintains master calendar senior account executives busy likes demands job feels position learn company means opportunities advancement aware business transacted person undoubtedly seen receptionist handles appointments dentist doctor office clinic helped receptionist clerk local delivery office office workers greet public found kinds organizations provide valuable assistance link company public receptionists special skills abilities handle jobs constant communications public tasks jobs office skills abilities possessed successful receptionists discussed paragraphs receptionists enjoy helpful respond quickly graciously callers greeted immediately arrival receptionist aware entrance person
letter material filed asked examples firm names consist surnames names married women names magazines look according indexing order shown piece correspondence file card remember goodman firm bergdorf goodman remember married woman legal remember husband thomas devine remember magazine business week publisher mcgraw hill instances cross reference sheet card filled filed title material actually filed photocopying machine efficient photocopy fill cross reference sheet photocopy filed title cross important locating filed information quickly care deciding records need cross cross takes excessive lot space cross needless costly delays getting important information detailed discussion cross pages firm rogers turner food mart original piece correspondence indexed written
guides heavy cardboard sheets size folders extending top guide tab marked printed notation title called caption caption alphabetic range material filed folders guide guide carry caption tell material starting letter found guide guide tab part guide attached metal plastic tab sets guides purchased printed letters combinations letters numbers standard filing system guide tabs blank specific captions user office guides obtained small projection extends body guide projection metal eyelet file drawer rod run holding guides place preventing folders slipping drawer guides classified primary secondary primary guides major divisions alphabetic numeric subject geographic chronological filing system divided secondary guides called auxiliary special guides subdivisions primary guides highlight types information placement special folders advertising applications
selecting indexing caption simple cases records requested firm receive letter customer recommending applicant position obviously letter recommendation filed records referring applicant filed applicant folder applications section wise record letter customer folder applicant underlined letter primary indexing unit customer secondary importance instance underlined end line margin show cross reference cross reference sheet distinctive color prepared address customer date letter description letter letter filed cross reference customer folder proper sequence date papers record letter prepare regular cross reference sheets companies prefer photocopy original speeds retrieval complete copy record file point forget underline primary indexing unit put copy folder filed
john larson recently employed summer mail department northwood electronics applied job told deliver company mail file literature requests handle outgoing volume mail operate mailing equipment job challenge john learned perform duties realized mail involved company important systematic procedures handling mail send package employer ask small parcel urgently needed customer large package advertising materials employer consider speed delivery importance cost case familiar types ground air shipping services business firm number shipping services deliver parcels distribute large commodities alert intelligent office worker familiar advantages type service required decide small parcels called prepare forms express freight shipments train plane truck bus occasionally asked prepare forms tracing shipment filing claim goods damaged transit increase volume shipping goods united states canada undergone rapid past
bob willard working payroll department latest data processing machines installed machines manuals help person learn operate correctly sales representative suggested person department taught machines bob chosen receive instructions days learned proper operation care data processing machines valuable saving hints efficient machines course check columns figures discounts percentages report letter responsibility small office handle payrolls departments sales analyses financial statements expense reports business records calculations easily accurately produced aid office machine computing recording machines installed modern business offices handle increasing volume paper frequently processed records employed office worker clear understanding operate common data processing machines amount calculator depend business working duties perform calculator checking amounts figures payroll budget expense reports kinds calculating machines manufacturers machines models type
summer ron stewart worked patient services department hospital passed room called reprographic services large room kinds complicated looking machines machines duplicate copy departments hospital ron find exactly machines yesterday ron office procedures class started unit copying duplicating machines teacher put illustrations bulletin board similar machines ron saw hospital ron pleased learn machines saw job summer manufacturers introducing types duplicating copying machines machines combined greater efficiency developments word reprographics describe duplicating copying processes copying duplicating machines reproduce printed material method reproduction copying machines copies original document photographic process type copy called photocopy duplicating machines hand depend surface surface transfer ink carbon master sheet copy photocopying equipment sophisticated photocopying tends expensive duplicating generally copies copy document needed
organizations computer system payroll processes input computer cards sheets job tickets spent employee job output individual payroll checks earnings statements records maintained cards disks magnetic tapes records physically preceding paragraphs remember basic records provide types data understand nature records maintained payroll clerk manual system recordkeeping understand computer system payroll explanation payroll prepared step pay employee firms payment check firms cash employees paid cash paid check payroll checks prepared clerk signed person designated firm rule checks check signing machine deductions shown payroll checks employee amount deduction information printed attached check stub voucher employee removes cashing check checks office employees enclosed envelopes privacy presented packets department heads distribute individuals departments
companies ask typewriting clerical tests find tests similar took high school general rules taking tests apply situations feel relaxed tests personnel interviewers try situation comfortable overly anxious performance clerical tests companies require determine applicant general knowledge clerical procedures listen carefully instructions permitted notes instructions read written instructions carefully exactly sure find timed proceed pace let person administering test finished typical written instructions read sentences carefully determine practice follow office worker practice follow place check mark yes column practice follow mark column answer questions ten minutes complete part office worker arrives desk later minutes beginning instructions learned responses mark response
beginning office worker find paying attention help improve performance questions raise performance morning coffee breaks lunch keeping quantity expected tasks checking working reasonably fast pace understand find learn job performance improve skill confidence attention job result kind supervisors appreciate high school education completed basic preparation office positions learn think job developments job give chance learn addition knowledge acquire job chances courses attend workshops sponsored company professional organizations community adult education centers colleges carefully consider announcements enroll courses think valuable personally communities evening programs adult education centers community colleges
purpose job introduce simple general rules filing help everyday affairs serve record keeping large business firms job filing turned person specially trained arrange store business papers orderly papers located quickly easily needed business papers documents processed hand file clerk located selected retrieved seconds special equipment known automated data processing equipment illustration page shows operator facing special tv screen rows mechanized files merely pressing proper buttons control keys locate select hundreds thousands filed papers cards document requested selecting document mechanically operator flash tv viewer show picture screen office person requesting document copy document printed instantaneously receiving end job firm employ specially trained file clerks automated data processing equipment employee firm find occasions files locate business paper occasionally file paper
form illustration receipt part handed james cortez class treasurer room stub part remains attached receipt book form illustration find original receipt torn duplicate remain book naturally carbon paper duplicate receipts similar form shown illustration important point remember cashier record receipt issued learn information short receipt issued put cash box cash boxes separated compartments coins bills arranged neatly reduces possibility giving wrong change typical cash box shown picture money put cash box care student issued receipts job record information found stub separate sheet known record cashier collections record pictured illustration page form look end monday september receipts recorded
jobs learned cashier charge cash register proves end learn cashier check counter service food market proves cash end learn prepare report sales report help businessman record sales sections departments store shopping service market watch checker person register ring items purchased depresses keys register record selling price butter depress key reads dairy watch register note selling price butter appears word dairy depresses keys selling price frankfurters depress key reads seafood meats notice checker depress keys selling price individual item key department item found rung individual item depresses total key total amount entire sale businessmen purchase cash registers special keys department
learned times businessman likes spent petty cash fund type business item information record form special columns types payments business record book called petty cash book petty cash book similar petty cash record job compare illustration page illustration differences form date column column headed receipts column headed items date column record date transaction receipts column record money added petty cash fund amounts replenish fund balance fund items column studying sample problem job employer cashed check start petty cash fund listed page amounts spent petty cash fund vouchers issued study petty cash book shown illustration notice payments entered start fund recorded receipts column entry petty cash book month written top date column
week receive allowance parents meet school personal needs spent allowance days waiting impatiently week allowance try advance parents attempt borrow friends bit wiser spending habits occasionally stop ask disturbing question money try figure unsuccessfully happened money impression important problem trying allowance care expenses youth face parents meet problem learn careful advance planning parents approximately income week aware income distributed provide food clothing shelter recreation education savings gifts charitable contributions health transportation taxes plan advance spend money say living budget naturally incomes vary individuals plan savings expenses line earnings budget income records income expenses compare amounts spent amounts planned spend
help remember amounts set budget wrote items wanted separate totals column headings wrote estimated amount column heading receipts means hope spend week course future events tell correct guess receive week happy receive planned receive reduce spending order live means heading payments means plan spend heading lunches means plan spending lunches add amounts appearing headings distribution columns total payments column notice recorded march payment carfare payments column job recorded payments column recorded column headed carfare shown show paid show purpose paid spent lunch wrote payments column show paid recorded column headed lunches
personal experience customer shop stores large variety selection merchandise commonly called stock wondered businessman keeps record merchandise hand knows merchandise moves rapidly reordered knows merchandise moves slowly reduced price quick clearance lesson learn successful businessmen find advantageous accurate records stock questions answered quickly accurately order businessmen form known stock record card stock record card look shown customary print form card paper card stands constant enable understand clearly information recorded let sample problem employed clerk acme athletic goods wholesaler handle stock record cards stockroom store merchandise received handed number stock record cards cards item footballs baseballs baseball bats item stored stockroom requires card look shown
sample card working previous jobs learned record information card check accuracy duties responsible notifying person known buyer purchasing agent need merchandise study illustration note important numbers pay close attention number word maximum number word minimum balance constantly compare balance minimum approaching minimum notify purchasing agent order merchandise decided need merchandise decide required subtracting balance maximum order purchasing agent favorable price orders quantities final decision quantity ordered deciding notify purchasing agent fill form looks let examine completed form prepare purchase requisitions word grocery written merchandise needed grocery department high school find school organized basis departments mathematics department english department
previous jobs learned important stock clerk compare constantly balance stock record card minimum number required card learned purchase requisition notify purchasing agent needed additional merchandise today learn purchasing agent clerk records help buyer wise purchase parents personally acted buyers occasions parents decided purchase television set visited number stores compare prices merits brand television set purchasing agent large business works lines information prices sellers merchandise based experience knowledge merchandise makes decision order intelligent decision clerk record important information item card page called price quotation card clerk list prices charged sellers article card sellers item clerk list seller address price terms buyer look card businesses selling item note prices charged
follow steps recording transactions credit customers sales recorded separate book called sales journal cash collected customers recorded separate book called cash receipts journal transactions posted sales journal cash receipts journal accounts receivable ledger record merchandise returned customers return recorded separate book called sales returns allowances journal amounts returns posted sales returns allowances journal credit column customers accounts job learned credit customer returns merchandise wholesaler prepares form called credit memorandum form prepared duplicate original copy customer let record return duplicate copy wholesaler record information sales returns allowances journal occasionally customer prefer damaged merchandise reduce amount sale giving allowance case issue credit memorandum amount allowance send credit memorandum customer allowance correct overcharge sales invoice credit memorandums issued purposes inform customer owes return merchandise
businesses find helpful install clocks keeping accurate records hours worked employee employee card information recorded card employer requires vary employers page blank card completed employee named paul holt clock racks provided hold cards rack rack employee card numbered beginning week payroll clerk arranges cards numerical sequence rack illustration paul holt morning paul holt arrives goes rack removes card numerical order inserts opening card machine pushes card machine automatically stamps business known punching card machine registered monday punching card paul takes machine puts rack slot numbered shows paul checked lunchtime paul goes rack removes card inserts machine
paul employer set rules working hours employees start working lunch noon return company rule worker comes paid according schedule paul workers lunch hour noon employer expects workers return promptly paul fails return counted according schedule harsh regulation large companies lose deal money machines idle workers wait latecomers arrive miss late class disturbing late entrance rest class naturally continued lateness dismissal industry occasionally paul leave end usual working happens paid worked quarter hour aware regulations regarding late leaving early payroll clerk figured paul paul late monday payroll clerk figures paul worked hours
circled notation shows transferred posted account called cash found page general ledger circled notation called postmark posting reference number postmark recorded total receipts column cash receipts journal posted cash account general ledger means found page general ledger let look cash account general ledger illustration cash account page ledger page appears upper corner part page note month date jan date column usual date recorded related arithmetic drill job date january reason record keeper total columns posting columns totaled month cr means posted page cash receipts journal cr abbreviation cash receipts notation shows posted income legal fees account page general ledger look page ledger illustration account date postmark cr
circled postmark shown cash payments journal amount check column shows total posted cash payments journal cash account page general ledger job learned cash receipts posted debit side cash account cash payments opposite cash receipts reason representing total cash payments january posted opposite side cash account called credit side cash account total amount cash received posted debit side cash account total amount cash paid posted credit side cash account look cash account general ledger posted credit side account date january posting end month columns cash payments journal totaled postmark cp shows posted page cash payments journal postmark cp abbreviation cash payments amount cash received month january recorded debit side cash account amount cash paid month january recorded credit side cash account
help remember cash payments posted credit side cash account abbreviation cr word credit included heading amount check column cash payments journal headings office expenses column items column cash payments journal include abbreviation dr show amounts posted debit side expense accounts ledger check mark shown journal posting check mark shown posting reference column cash payments journal january debit office expenses column posted ledger included column total posted office expenses account end month reason check mark recorded posting reference column january debit office expenses column remember numbers posting reference column journal postmarks debits items column post separately check mark total items column shows amount posted ledger remember amounts total posted separately month
congratulations involved wonderful exciting beauty beauty industry largest growing astounding pace huge dynamic varied industry full personal challenge difficult imagine industry offers interesting highly paid rewarding career opportunities cosmetologist today ranks professional walks profession enjoyed prestige earning power today modern systematic techniques teaching developed pace growth changing needs field techniques principles outlined book individuals widely backgrounds successful beauty field reason sincere desire succeed field imagine hairdressers born main factors determine success school teacher important future hands road success clearly ahead apply simplified tested techniques book enable assistance teacher progress rapidly teacher provide explanations modifications techniques suit needs encouragement help develop confidence skill
services performed hair coloring permanent waving hair relaxing place towel underneath shampoo cape help protect patron clothing draping patron haircut shampoo set neck strip place towel neck strip sanitary protective reasons regardless towel neck strip shampoo cape direct contact patron skin hair brushed shampoo scalp irritated shampoo permanent wave hair color hair relaxer treatment hair brushing exercise scalp helps remove foreign matter hair authorities agree manner brushing starting hair close scalp mild massage gently pulling muscles advisable brush hair forward parting small sections finger comb forcing bristles hair close scalp brush held firmly wrist moved stroke brush goes semi circular motion bristles touch hair scalp area bristles pass inside bristles touch scalp brush passed strand hair
fingerwaving excellent introduction hairstyling art directing hair waves fingers comb waving lotion hair pins clips aids fingerwavers rely mainly ability manipulate hair waves comb fingers aids fingerwaving helps develop understanding head contour head shape exercises improve finger dexterity helps develop techniques molding shaping ridge important hairstyling reasons chapter hairstyling opens fingerwavng modern wave setting lotions vary chemical content consistency effective specific types hair proper choice lotion influenced texture condition hair types lotion wetting agents prime ingredient primarily dependent viscosity setting lotion wetting agents makes hair wetter water clings hair applied roll makes hair pliable viscosity measure thick fingerwaving lotion quickly slowly pours viscosity lotion hold hair dries hard finish holding hair place combs soft natural look fingerwaving lotion harmless hair scalp
thinning needed wig hold small vertical sections place thinning shears diagonal line approximately inches netting incomplete cuts strand incomplete cuts tips blades cutting action important start thinning inches netting sure ample hair remains cover netting wig combed setting wig similar setting human head hair wig properly cut select setting pattern achieve desired hair style pin wig correctly securely correct size canvas wig block wet hair caution avoid wetting wig netting unnecessarily set hair permits dry wig normal room temperature comb wig block manner patron fine hair spray final touch place finished wig patron head preparing hair making large flat pincurls sides head hair top left loose flat placing stocking wig cap head short hair nape side hair wig stocking wig cap head ears exposed
chapter haircutting techniques shown include scissors razors techniques shown haircuts blunt cutting hair technique employed want minimum amount taper haircut pick strand hair instructions haircut hold blade open scissor parallel fingers touching strand hair holding fingers blade hair strand moving close action blade blunt cut hair blunt cutting razor confines cutting action entirely ends strand hair hold strand hair horizontally middle index fingers left hand hand head hold razor hand place underneath strand hair fingers scalp cutting edge facing flat middle finger left hand holding strand moving hands fingers raise arms upward hair automatically cut motions involved arms move razor fingers remain firmly ttmes slithering scissor technique cutting hair tapers hair ends pick strand hair instructions haircut slide scissor underside strand hair unevenly removing hairs stroke head scissor closed slightly stroke head opened brought
cold wave method permanent waving general practical purposes cold wave accepted method permanent waving today descriptive term cold wave method chemical wave method permanent waving manufacturers chose cold wave differentiate permanent waving involving application heat permanent wave invented charles nessler heat electrically chemically applied hair develop permanent wave heat needed develop successful permanent wave cold wave normal body temperature normal room temperature lower normal body temperature increase processing higher normal body temperature decrease room temperature cooler normal due air conditioning plastic paper covering head processing basically cold waving involves chemical actions soften hair re harden application waving lotion soften hair permit rearrangement structure hair wrapped cold wave rods processing complete hair chemically neutralized neutralizing stops processing action waving lotion hair re harden shape waving lotions manufactured neutralizing follow manufacturer directions carefully
preliminary lightening strand pre determine correct lightening mixture length leave mixture hair opportunity evaluate reaction hair lightening mixture advisable saving preliminary strand test full strands hair head lightened mixture equivalent proportion mixture final lightening process hair light increase strength mixture increase lightening depending results desired hair light decrease lightening consider milder mixture hair dark resistant lighten sufficiently application additional lightening treatments required advisable allow elapse applications strand test carefully observed breakage discoloration hair shows damage reconditioning retesting required proceeding desired color achieved condition hair remains proceed full color application preparation lightening virgin hair towels tint cape protective gloves plastic applicator bottle applicator brush glass bowl shampoo absorbent cotton shampoo rinse combs hair coloring clips secure hair record card peroxide lightening agent measuring cup timer protective skin cream hair lightening types shampoo rinse lightening color treatment acid rinse vinegar creme
hair coloring treatments lighten parts hair contrast remainder hair method employs plastic perforated cap crochet needle weaving method technique wrapping section lightened aluminum foil frosting lightened effect hair lightening small strands head blended darker hair entire length strand colored frosting requires retouching entirely strands hair lightened previously frosted hair grows provided coloring cut tinted unlike frosting tipping requires lightening ends pre selected hair strands front area requires retouching crown hair lightened shade slightly lighter remainder hair retouch applications required streaking strips lighter color streaks contrast remainder hair retouch applications required blonde blonde known echoing mutation blonding effect sun bleaching blonde hair retouched requires skillful careful application quick method frosting frosting cap plastic caps perforations ready comb brush hair smooth loosely giving special attention front hairline pre shampoo place plastic cap head secure fine crochet needle pull hair gently holes
eczema common diseases skin estimated account skin conditions observed specific unknown condition acute chronic contagious recognized forms dry moist lesions diagnosis difficult physician herpes simplex virus infection commonly called fever blisters cold sores blisters area lips nostrils condition contagious unknown disappear week pediculosis commonly called lice contagious condition caused animal parasites infesting hair scalp single application specially prepared preparation clear condition scabies highly contagious skin disease vesicles pustules form irritation parasites scratching tinea disease known ringworm commonly seen beauty salon athlete foot contagious infectious disease skin caused invasion fungus vegetable growth early stages ringworm appears reddened patches blisters seborrhea skin condition due overstimulation sebaceous glands characterized shiny appearance greasy feeling face scalp unusual amount oil hair comedones blackheads masses hardened sebum forming tiny pointed plugs milia known whiteheads disorder caused accumulation sebaceous matter beneath skin
careful compliance sanitary precautions utmost importance manicuring manicurist wash hands disinfecting soap working patron caution prevent cutting skin manicurist hydrogen peroxide white iodine hand accidental injury treated wash hands disinfectant soap seat patron comfortably arm resting edge table place manicuring bowl warm water disinfectant patron hand remove enamel fingers starting finger hand moisten cotton pledget nail enamel remover press firmly nail moments soften nail enamel enamel begins dissolve wipe nail clean pressing firmly direct cotton pledget base nail tip fresh cotton needed smear enamel cuticle dip cotton tipped orange wood stick enamel remover clean cuticle shape nails starting hand determine type nail patron shaping look allow patron fingers rest relaxed hand file emery board required start filing nail finger hand continuing thumb releasing finger finished file free edge hold patron finger thumb fingers left hand hold file emery board hand
starting finger hand hold patron finger tip thumb fingers lift finger turn tip large circle air repeat times directions finger grasp finger tip turn thumb fingers pinch hard slide tip snap repeat times finger barber shop manicure involves procedure standard manicure steps point nails buffed dry polish clear neutral liquid enamel applied apply powder nail polish entire length chamois part buffer nail holding patron finger thumb index finger buff nails downward strokes base free edge nail buff nail smooth clean gloss obtained lift buffer nail stroke prevent heating burning sensation clear liquid enamel manicuring apply colorless base coat top coat standard procedure oil lanolin manicures designed help replace natural oil moisture lost detergents recommended brittle nails dry rough skin fingertips nails ridged buff pumice powder start manicure heat liquid lanolin olive oil prepared commercial product electric heater designed especially type manicure
hangnails agnail anglo saxon angry nail term applied conditions sliver epidermis sliver nail sliver epidermis skin detached mantle sides nail condition neglect nails permits cuticle grow fast nail free skin remains attached nail growing extremely painful hangnails treated carefully prevent splitting skin sliver nails part nail grows main body splitting caused improper filing nails tearing nail filing cutting treatment hangnails consists removing condition prevent recurrence regular manicure pedicare routines recommended ingrown nails onychocryptosis caused sliver nail enveloped mantle growing flesh tip common toes due pressure shoes distort normal growth split nails onychorrhexis occur form flaking layers free edge length wise lines lamellae body splitting result injury finger dryness brittleness hair glandular disorder
states authorize dentists delegate dental assistants dental hygienists additional tasks greater skill responsibility performed dentist tasks collectively referred expanded functions include functions taking impressions study casts placement rubber dams placement matrices removal sutures dressings advanced proposals dental community permit specially trained qualified auxiliaries administer local anesthetic agents place carve restorations cavity prepared dentist variation states regard delineation auxiliary tasks states alike regard assignment expanded functions laws range comparatively extensive authorization functions minimal authorization states legal provisions expanded functions states functions actually effect authorized implemented states expanded functions actually delegated assistants hygienists states hygienists states assistants remaining states expanded functions authorized enabling provisions law actual effect board dentistry issued implementing rules regulations states rules regulations prepared formally issued
delivery dental care public tremendous responsibility dental profession public aware importance dental health education media party payment plans dentistry thousands felt dentistry financial means federal government assumed responsibility providing dental care economically unable receive dental care dental health fitting dental profession assume responsibility delivering dental care efficient courteous economical manner order achieve objective dentist rely capable efficient personnel dental office chapters book describe necessity educated qualified personnel assisting delivery health care operatory equal importance patient educated qualified personnel providing efficient service business office efforts dental team soon forgotten patient confronted disorganized inefficient business office lost misplaced records wrong billing unpleasant disposition business assistant discourage patients quickly discomfort operatory extreme importance business office run organized efficient manner maintain public relations provide patient dentist accurate records
generally considered practice deal local supply companies reasons ease ordering fast delivery maintenance responsibilities assumed local dealers quality materials provided information faulty materials substantial savings quantity bulk purchasing dental dealers bulk purchasing financially advantageous important factors considered adequate space storage shelf product office supplies pads pencils staples folders purchased local stationery store office supply catalogues paper materials needed statements envelopes appointment cards appointment books bookkeeping supplies ordered directly dental office supply dealers office supply dealer carry complete supply items needed dental office variety styles shapes prices local printing companies supply reasonably fast service printing letterheads bills envelopes need types items anticipated advance actual usage allow adequate printing embarrassing situations running statements avoided routinely checking inventory office supplies ordering months advance miscellaneous items purchased dental office examples tissues soap toilet tissue drugs hand lotion coffee cleaning supplies purchased locally
heated bath silicone oil disinfect sterilize hinged instruments contra angles prophylaxis angles dry heat sterilized autoclaved mess hot oil instruments washed dried sterilization oil reaches temperature higher boiling point water instruments wet immersed oil disinfection achieved instruments heated minutes actual sterilization achieved instruments heated half hour hepatitis viruses destroyed disinfection temperature sterilization oil contra angles oil holes need run minute opening downward paper towel excess oil run instruments drained cooled need wiped clean towels sterilized towels oily film removed oil solvent handpieces contra angles silicones providing lubrication silicone fluid dark effect filtered paper towels filter paper silicone fluid remains stable vaporize instruments properly drained lost acceptable disinfection metal instruments chemicals minutes ensure destruction hepatitis viruses
pharmacology science deals study drugs aspects important element practice dentistry drugs dentistry treat disease processes instances involves conditions areas human body directly teeth surrounding tissues dental problems confront dentist infections modern drugs revolutionized treatment infections structures oral cavity historically egyptians began drugs remedies competition witchcraft magic relief dental pain chinese later ago cited number dental ailments listed number prescriptions ancient biblical city nineveh referred archaeologists excavated tablets written contained story king critical physician curing dental problems later fall rome brought dark ages centuries witchcraft magic widely remedies dental pain eighteenth century dentistry began emerge member healing arts frenchman pierre fauchard published famous book le chirurgien dentiste designated father modern dentistry
plaster paris dentistry impressions methods advent versatile impression materials plaster bulk accomplish entire impression procedure plaster rigid setting limited application bulk undercuts similar irregularities present mouth plaster impression undercuts present break impression remove mouth pieces later reassembled secured cast poured obvious advent newer materials brought welcome relief patient dentist quick setting impression plaster impression taking making prosthetic appliances form plaster wash corrective wash capable recording fine detail procedure requires initial preliminary impression suitable impression material plaster thin lining material produce fine detail reseating initial impression lining custom acrylic tray cast initial impression custom tray lining reseated mouth obtain accurate final impression important remember impression plaster surface impression coated separating medium gypsum product poured constructing model cast
oral evacuating machines produce powerful gentle vacuum air flow machines capable eliminating saliva water blood debris oral cavity greater speed ordinary aspirators unit operated saliva ejectors high air velocity machine pick liquid immersed size suction tips prevents clogging greater extent saliva ejector tips machines designed office needs central system construction means servicing operating rooms centrally located power apparatus outlets operatory simple brackets hold suction hoses tips debris containers individual room units mobile incorporated modular cabinets advanced unit designs type equipment versatile adapted office arrangement fundamentally oral evacuating machine remove water serves coolant cutting operations teeth adapted special fields periodontia oral surgery orthodontia dental units apparatus replaces cuspidor completely dental assistant twofold duty connection type equipment application office dentist concentrating cutting tooth structure assistant manipulate suction tip manner effectively remove liquid debris site operation interfering dentist movements sight
mechanical amalgam mixer designed triturate mix mercury amalgam alloy produce plastic mass amalgam small fraction takes hand hand trituration accomplished glass mortar pestle convenient accurate mechanical mixing instructions machine explicitly important assistant capsule pestle clean free hardened bits amalgam excellent method cleaning mixed amalgam corners capsule replace freshly mixed amalgam capsule leaving pestle mix called mulling operation gather amalgam rounded mass seldom leave traces fresh mix inside surfaces capsule capsule lid remaining traces mix capsule capsule lid pestle removed amalgam hardens brushing tuft bristle brush brush conventional prophylaxis tuft bristle brush mounted straight handpiece mandrel amalgam matrix retainers constitute group equipment pieces extremely important success dentist matrix retainers matrix bands mechanical devices designed retain amalgam condensed cavity involves surfaces tooth designs retainers found dental cabinet
teeth examined number size shape color structure caries restorations tenderness traumatic injuries poor interproximal contacts details tooth examination limitless call wide variety instruments equipment materials tests yield important information tooth conditions routinely simple array basic materials instruments adequate prior detailed clinical examination teeth full series periapical radiographs panoramic film films essential discovery interproximal periapical disease faults extensive abnormalities dental mechanism desirable set study models casts patient dentition models prepared impressions patient teeth pouring dental plaster artificial stone finishing neatly produce accurate reproductions patient teeth adjacent structures examination teeth proceeds detailed chart findings developed variations dental charting dental office basic principles important entries dental chart limited actual findings neat clean accurate standard code type clearly recognizable informed dental person chart complete subsequent
prior rendering initial dental treatment patient treatment patient seeking treatment lengthy absence dental office information sought relative general health status unwise assume background information patient unnecessary knowledgeable patient friend nonprofessional contacts exception definite routine patient received practice established primarily ensure proper management treatment patient physical problems patient dental office standard procedure required answer questions relative medical history patient undergo operative procedure require local general anesthetic absolutely excuse information patient adult information obtained parents prior performing procedures ways information desired obtained efficient manner utilization printed form completion form reviewed preliminary evaluation questionable points reviewed specific manner determine dentist proceed willing accept responsibility patient welfare event question arise capabilities dentist assess patient told matter referred physician clearance
instances efficient method administering analgesics sedatives intravenous route effect obtained correct amount obtain desired effect individual counteractive drugs vein antecubital fossa dorsum hand usual area chosen venipuncture agents intravenous route physical undesirable reactions venous system nitrous oxide gas inhalation hydroxyzine hydrochloride vein complication thrombosis resultant morbidity incidence high examples possibilities oral route frequent route intraoffice drug administration requires special equipment preparation minimal amounts safest disadvantages slow variable rate absorption depending gastric content condition gastric mucosa consuming dosage adjustment individual physiology psyche children hyperactive individuals intramuscular administration route administration opposed intravenous oral intramuscular route requires technical involvement generally postinjection complications compared intravenous route effects drug longer intramuscularly deltoid gluteus maximus lateral thigh muscles usual choices injection
sutures surgical procedures absorbable nonabsorbable type depending surgeon preference suture material sizes materials type size needles usual type suture oral cavity black braided silk half circle cutting edge needle size material ranges size largest smallest needles straight half circle half curved shapes cutting edge inside reverse bevel atraumatic round cutting edge suture material purchased presterilized packages needles attached purchased prepared package needle eye suture material hollow end end crimped manufacturer instance suture material swaged needle practical economical method purchasing suture material buy unprepared needles purchased separately reused suture material purchased spool cut tied needle wrapped sponge cotton roll sterilized surgical required prepare sutures method economical offices information suture material easily fill chapter volume information practical purposes
accuracy dies relationship working cast essential development functionally acceptable fixed restorations accuracy obviously greater materials techniques making impressions prepared teeth oral structures impression materials today impression rubbers polysulfide silicone polyether popular routine fixed prosthodontic procedures elastic properties versatility application reversible hydrocolloid excellent elastic impression material preferred practitioners versatile impression rubbers requires special equipment preparation clinical manipulation impression waxes compound basic impression techniques full crown preparation essentially replaced elastic materials limited individual tooth impressions nonelastic withdraw undercuts fracturing distorting permanently basic methods making impressions full crown preparations copper band technique individual tooth impressions tray technique complete arch quadrant impressions copper band method additional impression coping transfer impression required develop working cast dies accurately related unprepared teeth rubber base techniques reversible hydrocolloid limited tray impression
wax record bases called occlusion bite rims fabricated master casts final impressions bases record establish correct position mandible maxilla later teeth arranged bases try later appointment record bases constructed commercial laboratory dental assistant called master casts areas called undercuts blocked baseplate wax record base areas facial maxillary tuberosities papilla anterior ridge rugae areas maxillary cast retromylohyoid ridge crest areas mandibular cast undercut casts soaked water minutes layer baseplate wax softened bunsen burner adapted mm borders cast tinfoil substitute painted exposed portions stone cast prevent acrylic stabilizing material sticking cast small hole maxillary wax matrix quick cure acrylic mixed according manufacturer instructions poured border areas cast inverted wax matrix matrix pressed evenly acrylic approximately mm thick acrylic excess pressed border reflection areas excess trimmed finger pressure sharp edge land
pouring plaster simple procedure cardinal rule obeyed cover area plaster reached push air ahead plaster air trapped show unsightly damaging bubble stone model saliva remains alginate impression removed rinsing solution plaster water saliva adhere plaster rinsed room temperature tap water excess water removed compressed air completely dry impression stone poured starting heel letting material flow tooth impression cautious manner tooth ridge areas filled bulk plaster applied rapidly base cast material base quarter inch thickness anteroposterior midline minimal amount trimming mandibular casts difficult pour open lingual area overcome problem loading base unwanted plaster block effectively established filling lingual area wet paper hand towels luting piece baseplate wax lingual flange tray obviously stone engages tray removed prior separating model tray involved preventing condition spent
increasing demand dental care dental offices established dental health team composed dentist auxiliary personnel dental hygienists secretaries laboratory technicians dental assistants efficiency team depends ability member contribute talent subordinating personal feelings capabilities interest team dentists realize auxiliary personnel perform routine tasks successful dentists found areas exist assistants able function profession found key success due large part contributions dental team dental assistant important member dental team dental assistant member team activities confined assisting dentist words aide helps phases office procedure duty perform tasks dental office free dentist role includes answering telephone making appointments accepting payments bookkeeping preparing restorative materials seating dismissing dental patients cleaning operatory sterilizing instruments tasks help dentist dental practice efficient term dental assistant misnomer implies dental assistants assistant dentists misleading reality aide dentist phases office regardless called
general rule doctor preference office mail handled prefer open mail delegate rest responsibility dental assistant classes mail separated according importance item telegrams special delivery letters airmail payment envelopes personal letters advertising material magazines newspapers routine mail routine established dental assistant direct telegrams special delivery letters personal mail doctor office opening items occasionally doubt assistant mind regarding letter rule follow case uncertain opening letter don discretion handling mail important essential communications personal items doctor routed office unopened handling mail dental assistant follow practice grouping mail mentioned categories handling group separately grouping item group handled magazines reception room material older magazines room payments patients separated recorded immediately receipts items need filed shown doctor thrown general assistant consider handles mail effort save doctor
movements mandible controlled principally pairs muscles known muscles mastication masticate means chew grind teeth muscle pairs temporals masseters internal pterygoids external pterygoids knowledge function action muscles understand fully importance muscles generally reactions reverse movements termed contraction relaxation contraction change muscles thickened shortened relaxation muscles tense rigid visible movement fibers muscles completely relaxed remain slight contraction called muscle tone tonus muscles extend bone bone attached tendons fibrous cords bones muscles mastication found chiefly face attached end skin causing move point attachment end muscle stationary called origin point attachment moves called insertion temporal muscle broad radiating fan shaped muscle situated lateral surface skull origin wide field tends fill temporal fossa field composed narrow strip parietal bone temporal surface frontal bone temporal surface greater wing sphenoid bone fibers converge descend inserted medial surface apex pointed end anterior border coronoid process anterior border ramus nearly molar area
study structure development teeth point teeth formed distinct embryonic tissues ectoderm origin enamel organ crown portion tooth ectoderm outermost primitive germ layers embryo mesenchyme parts tooth supporting structures develop mesenchyme layer specialized cells mesoderm connective tissue forms spongework cells dentin cementum periodontal ligament originate formation teeth begins embryonic stage extends fetal period month full term birth age twenty age complete maturation birth teeth stages development deciduous primary teeth number advance development point eruption birth soon birth sixth month erupt majority erupt age remaining buds permanent secondary teeth continue formation childhood emphasized eruption schedules necessity approximate individuals alike development development beginning formation tooth buds sixth week arises oral epithelium tissue lines primitive cavity stomodeum period development termed initiation dental tissues consist continuous ridge tissue jaw solid proliferations multiplications cells oral epithelium extending underlying mesenchyme
stage development tooth bud enlarges embryonic enamel organ organ subsequently develops enamel tooth shallow indented area appears lower margin enamel organ enamel organ assumes shape cap stage tooth development called cap stage connective tissue cap cellular proliferation cells forms termed dental papilla connective tissue eventually forms dental pulp dentin dental papilla enveloped enamel organ structure enamel organ assumes shape bell period development called bell stage stage cells enamel organ differentiate separate distinct layers bell stage cells joined oral epithelium begin disintegrate connective tissue surrounds enamel organ dental papilla forms dense band tissue called dental sac development cementum periodontal ligament referred periodontal membrane lamina dura alveolus occurs dental sac development dentin occurs prior embryonic enamel step formation reticular membrane reticular net fibers fan shaped arrangement approach crown area reticular fibers developing crown area pass cells arranged periphery pulp
called lines schreger enamel lamellae narrow cracks filled organic matter formation period result wavy direction enamel rods caused stretching twisting enamel develops lamellae extend surface tooth cementoenamel junction known reach junction penetrate dentin authorities believe lamellae provide entry bacteria teeth susceptible decay transillumination passing light crown tooth areas alternating light dark bands mistaken fractures variation direction rods appears enamel consists intertwining rods giving rise termed gnarled enamel structure apparently increases strength enamel enamel formed epithelial cells lose functional ability tooth completed mature enamel power growth repair inert dentin hard dense light yellow substance makes bulk tooth harder bone softer enamel dentin consists approximately percent inorganic matter percent organic matter chief inorganic components calcium phosphorus morphologically dentin consists calcified matrix dentinal tubules living unoccupied space dentinal tubule minute capillary area circulation tissue fluid
silicate cements tailor dental filling materials developed fit demands dental profession lifelike restoration material esthetics artistic natural effects dentistry silicate cements true apparent simplicity technique close relationship ordinary zinc cements silicate cements suffered extreme abuse poor results obtained operators spite called temporary filling individuals silicates grown steadily silicates offer restorations closely matching natural teeth called invisible fillings secret longevity silicate fillings lies careful manufacture powder liquid technique mixing placing tooth step equally important preparation powder liquid affect silicate understand technique maximum benefit material obtained basically powder composed silica calcium compounds alumina ingredients cryolite phosphates added give properties suitable dentistry major problem silicate manufacture purification raw materials eliminate traces impurities discoloration mouth impair physical properties purification consuming costly insures esthetic uniform properties
cool slab ideal temperature range rub slab dry clean towel slab chilled dew point moisture condenses surface rub towel temperature slab raised dew point routine weighing powder liquid impractical unnecessary place sufficient powder slab produce mix heavy consistency maximum drops minimum liquid tendency add small portions powder mix avoid feared overloading invariably prolongs mixing recommended mixing period minute remedy draw required powder drops liquid start mix start wetting powder particle light pressure spatulating rapidly rotary motion smallest area mix thin surface high glossy sheen powder spread powder mix combine light rotary spatulation surface glossy sheen telltale sign thin consistency draw powder mix spatulate vigorously unfortunately silicate mixes generally thin consistency lack essential properties durability quality lasting enduring mix dull lustrous sheen lost result sufficient powder correct spatulation
origin zinc phosphate crown bridge oxyphosphate cement appears gradual offspring zinc oxychloride cements introduced hungary france dentistry searched esthetic filling material durability approaching tooth structure sorel hungarian chemist oxychloride cements french academy science step esthetic material dental literature filled praise damnation zinc oxychloride criticism materials acid caused violent pulp reactions cases cases tooth remained vital filling soon dissolved washed esthetic effect lost ease fillings comparison gold foil desire dental patients invisible fillings prompted continuing search part thousands individuals means improving filling materials improvement patented united states phosphoric acid liquid portion cement place zinc chloride solution cement liquids originally composed called glacial phosphoric acid acid tending assume icelike form short experience proved acids partially neutralized sodium zinc aluminum salts gave control working properties cement zinc oxyphosphate cements decided improvement oxychlorides durability strength concerned literature era hailed birth insoluble filling material replace tediously inserted gold foil filling put end claims disreputable amalgam materials adolescent stage
dental assistant responsibility properly caring mortar pestle mechanical amalgamator noted glass mortar pestle served purpose mixing amalgam number devices designed mixing alloy mercury found satisfactory case pestle end designed follow groove pattern giving greatest efficiency mixing alloy mercury mortar pestle capsule pestle mechanical amalgamator wiped dental napkin moistened alcohol assurance adherent amalgam particles allowed contaminate future mixes constant ground roughened portion mortar pestle worn smooth regular intervals ground surfaces reground fine carborundum fff powder mortar moistening drops water paste triturating pestle resurfacing ground surfaces overdone making tough purpose restore texture similar original roughness avoid extremely rough mortar pestle smooth surfaces clean glass mortar pestle black oxide deposited nitric acid diluted occasionally restore appearance care exercised nitric acid caustic acid burns
important duties dental assistant equipment working order assistants appreciate quickly instruments dull assistants appreciate difference sharp cutting instruments dull present single tool sharpen dental cutting instruments sharpening dental instruments art correct bevel angle cutting edge small depending instrument substance cut general softer tooth structure thinner bevel angle blade harder structure cut flatter bevel angle finer sharpening accomplished office equipped arkansas stone instruments thick edge ground thin coarse carborundum stone attached lathe care avoid heating edge blade instrument lose temper important selection satisfactory stone hard fine grit stone soaked frequently lubricating oil wiped surface free filings steel tend embed abrasive stone main objectives taking proper care arkansas stone obtain sharpness grit surface flat prevent glazing developing high gloss surface
gold foil pure karat gold processed methods altogether obtain golds dentistry metal melted solid mass gold adhere annealed density properly condensed gold foil high gold foil dentistry fill cavities teeth results care selection cavities gold foil fillings answer fillings indications found alloys gold inlays porcelain inlays synthetic porcelain results gold foil considered dentistry known filling material longest pure gold excellent restorations directly line occluding surfaces gold foil class ii iii cavity preparations preparations confined part small pit fissure areas areas comparable size gold foil condensed cavity pellet pellet complete anatomy tooth restored virgin decay successful cavity select gold foil fillings class iii preparation inserted visible labial front type known invisible gold foil filling
dental impression compound classified thermoplastic substance meaning softened heat solidifies cools exact formulas impression compounds trade secrets known beeswax plasticizers pitch shellac gutta percha combinations filler french chalk added improves workability texture compound oleic acid colorless odorless liquid alcohol combination fats oils present higher oleic acid content lower melting point hardness thermal conductivity materials low consideration heating process softening material soften inside obtain uniform softening allowed material heated uniformly mass prior placing tray copper thimble cooling process equally important material allowed cool impression withdrawn mouth overheating common error manipulation compound material compound softened dry heat gas flame material heated point important constituents volatilize lower temperature compound impression error source
smooth brown paste spatula sides blade covered brown paste adhesive white affords easier cleaning spatula later spread brown paste white surface mixing pad scrape mass smooth mix seconds white streaks evidence place tray optimum thickness millimeters set prepare mix making separate pad spatula mix wet spatula accelerator mix pick material place middle folded line funnel refold paper roll creases guidelines place barrel gun fold top funnel squeeze material gun inject syringe material prepared tooth start distal cervical fill cavity cervical occlusal keeping nozzle tip syringe hidden actually touching tooth surface covered procedure prevents air pockets continue extruding material buccal lingual surfaces quickly important finish syringe application impression material stiff position tray cover operating field seat predetermined stops place small portion mix adjacent tooth operating field serve control sample determining set
incisal edge marked millimeters end wax block carving knife scrape wax bring block approximate size tooth carved mark length crown labial plane determine mesiodistal neck measurement sharpened explorer etch outline labial surface carve mesial surface distal surface leaving slight amount excess wax contact areas crown mark length crown mesial distal labiolingual neck measurement location draw explorer outline mesial surface careful preserve labiolingual measurement carve labial surface carve lingual surface care positioning cingulum leave millimeters thickness incisal edge boley gauge insure correct measurements round axial surfaces crown root portion carve cervical line aspects tooth carve give detail cingulum lingual fossa smooth rounded complete anatomy detail polish fossa cotton pellet dipped tap water warmed flame bunsen burner avoid overheating burning pellet distort discolor wax carving nylon silk strip polish surfaces place strip index finger apply light pressure surface wax obtain smooth gloss
chapter primarily intended practical guide student learning dental materials commonly laboratory comprehensive knowledge dental materials gained referring list selected references end chapter accepted book subject dental materials dental technician comes contact wide variety dental materials course working casting metals impression materials dental plasters dental cements porcelain metal instruments waxes varied materials similar matter matter follow basic laws nature matter defined material physical things composed definition found chemistry books matter takes space mass purpose discussion let assume mass synonymous weight later statement accurate conceivable dental material certainly fit definition matter technicians correctly intelligently handle specific dental material knowledge matter general matter acts handled tear piece matter gold successively smaller smaller pieces eventually smallest particle gold reached particle gold maintains physical chemical properties gold called atom gold
term synthetic applies substance manufactured synthetic resin nonmetallic compound molded form hardened general synthetic resins classified plastics plastics divided classes thermoplastic resins thermosetting resins thermoplastic resins softened hardened resoftened indefinitely heat pressure chemical change thermosetting plastics undergo chemical reaction heating pressure converted hard masses softened application heat acrylic resins introduced widely material dentistry denture bases artificial teeth acrylic veneers obturators space maintainers retainers items acrylic resins acrylic resin supplied form powder liquid powder consists particles polymer beads liquid methyl methacrylate monomer monomer liquid polymer beads mixed proportions mixture sandy stringy finally doughy stage resin molded packed flask cured period hours water bath minutes transferred boiling water minutes plastics classified polymers chains individual molecules called mers units molecules vinyl epoxy styrene urethane methyl methacrylate units joined monomer
porcelain aesthetic restorative material inlays crowns durability translucence similar normal tooth structure exact composition dental porcelain closely guarded secret information general nature dental porcelain similar composition industrial porcelain percentage components porcelain main components quartz kaolin feldspar quartz forms refractory material materials fuse flow high fusion temperature dissolves slightly firing procedures reason quartz helps maintain shape restoration firing quartz makes dental procelain kaolin china clay makes material workable initial phases fabrication kaolin sticky nature binds porcelain particles carved powerful opacifier kaolin makes dental porcelain feldspar makes dental porcelain bulk material firing feldspar undergoes chemical decomposition form glassy phase crystalline material called lucite feldspar porcelain inherent aesthetic translucence temperature glassy phase dissolves lucite important follow strict temperature firing schedules porcelain powder fuse fired air spaces particles gradually filled viscous glass material volume smaller
cast study purposes handled construction dental appliance study cast complete detail surveying designing constructed begins study cast hydrocolloid alginate plaster impression compound wax generally taking impressions plaster paris making cast varied types impressions dentist purpose study methods handling impressions pouring casts impressions materials study casts hydrocolloids alginates materials stretch undercuts teeth arches jaws high water content wet moist times impression dry dehydrate immediately change shape form longer accurate impression hydrocolloids alginates easily broken torn carefully place type impression pan cool salted water covering entire impression water place ounces water room temperature plaster bowl sift plaster bowl water water absorbed spatulate seconds adding plaster paris mix developes thick creamy consistency remove hydrocolloid alginate impression salted water rinse cold clean tap water creating pressure holding finger slightly top water squirts impression
resins widely materials stabilizing baseplates materials permit baseplates fit cast accurately carefully adapted baseplate stabilized baseplate intended primarily obtaining centric registrations teeth set position trial dentures relieve undercuts sharp projections wax adapt baseplate usual manner leave loose lubricate cast coat petrolatum tinfoil substitute prevent resin sticking cast sticking occurs carbon tetrachloride clean cast mix lining material according manufacturer directions reaches creamy consistency distribute evenly base plate press slowly firmly place avoid trapping air baseplate excess material exude borders baseplate master cast lining material cast set allowed cure setting depends material consistency mix temperature room difficulty encountered removing baseplate soak cast warm water minutes remove upper baseplate lifting posterior border knife lower baseplate removed cast lifting anterior section easing baseplate cast
occlusion rim appliance produced laboratory purpose establishing correct anatomical relationship upper lower jaws occlusion rim known bite block occlusion rims casts previously impressions dentist upper lower jaws means occlusion rims dentist determine length width artificial teeth making dentures dentist register median line cuspid eminences rest bite working functional bite general aesthetic qualities predetermined careful artistic occlusion rims baseplate adapted accurately cast absolutely rocking stabilize baseplates discrepancy adaptation baseplate impossible dentist record correct anatomical relationship patient jaws occlusion rims blueprints guides dental laboratory technician proceed making artificial dentures cast previously impression soaked water coated talcum powder covering powder rubbed cast absorbent cotton sheen appears surface produced prevent shellac material adhering cast soften baseplate bunsen burner passing times tip flame
alveolar process shrunk building material restore natural contour partial denture invested split carryall technique cast partial dentures porcelain teeth held acrylic advantageous technician invest cast split method gold held stone cast teeth drawn half flask tinfoil applied exposed saddle area casting set position waxed stone cast invest cast lower half flask covering casting exposing wax porcelain teeth apply tinfoil partial denture manner full dentures separating medium applied plaster top half flask position mixture half stone half plaster poured manner full dentures place flask boiling water minutes separate halves casting position stone cast teeth drawn side flask wash wax boiling water tinfoil applied cast apply alginate mold teeth position packing split mold halves flask
open articulator remove preliminary bite casts carefully seat lower stabilized baseplate cast place roll softened setup wax baseplate hot spatula lute wax securely baseplate completely labial buccal lingual areas place gothic arch tracing table roll wax soft flame table lightly sufficiently warm table melt wax position tracing table anterior edge approximately center denture supporting area anterior region positioning locate gothic arch tracer centrally tracing table essential proper placement kinematic relator slide anterior height control pin simplex plane orientation jig forward slot clear cast position jig section rests frame articulator jig position press tracing table warm wax press jig tracing table gently front supports jig uniform contact articulator sure proper lateral anteroposterior positions tracing table maintained move jig slightly forward original position clears baseplate retromolar area surface tracing plate uniformly contact undersurface simplex plane orientation jig front supports jig properly contact articulator frame incisal table set
complete arrangement articulation teeth place simplex occlusal plane table position articulator sure lateral axis control pins articulator set maximum points separation cases average vertical dimension prevails slight discrepancy relationship upper teeth simplex occlusal plane table result corrected centric relationship casts cases anterior teeth repositioned simplex occlusal plane table posterior teeth repositioned according setting type posterior teeth remembered vertical dimension centric relation changed remain accurate variation vertical dimension preliminary try centric relation record consult dentist try centric relation record cases vertical dimension preliminary occlusion rims vertical change slight final mounted casts cases dentist modified prescribe arrangement anterior teeth aesthetic reasons prescribed modifications upper setup completed remove simplex occlusal plane table place lower cast articulator prepare set lower posterior teeth
fixed abutments completed form quarter crowns full crowns veneers types bridgework dentist try final impression fixed abutments copperplated dies seated carefully accurately impression plaster impression treated separating solution root ends dies lubricated cast stone fusible metal step castings seated pack small amount clay castings castings readily removed metal cast destroying margins fusible metal pounded gold castings firmly seated impression fusible metal hardens retentive wire clips inserted plaster impression treated separating solution poured stone separated cast mounted crown bridge articulator usual cast abutments easily removed metal teeth cast cleaned clay castings replaced cast copperplated dies fusible metal castings dies removed cast cleaned replaced cast types acrylic bridgework simple acrylic bridge anterior region mouth occasion posterior section metal truss retainers replacement limited missing tooth type acrylic bridgework employs metal retainers
important reducing impact current downtrend dental manpower supply development dental health team stopgap emergency measure auxiliary aide replace dentist aide skills augment employment auxiliary personnel dental assistant proved highly efficient economically desirable step undergraduate students dental colleges today taught assistants facts mean closer meeting future requirements dentists greater demand auxiliary personnel problems supplying dental care greater numbers living united states future presented figs fig absolute number dentists greater fig shows dentist population ratio remained constant ratio remains considerably levels words dentists graduating dental schools sufficient numbers replace die retire pace increasing population key issue static dentist population ratio satisfy rising expectations demands dental care problem complicated changing character population urban dental care rural
purpose chapter demonstrate dentist needs dental assistant office dental assistant needs supervising dentist employer textbook emphasis utilization dental health team dentist depends dental assistant dental hygienist dental laboratory technician persons office operating top efficiency course true employer employee mutual respect able cooperative fashion regardless kind business safety patient stake team responsible special health service closer relationship mere cooperation mutual respect kind teamwork allegiance needed special combat troop goes mission job perform person responsible directing supervising total activity case service patient forget employer directs supervises team elects responsibility entire team patient dies tooth saved dentist employer takes responsibility
future dental assistant oriented ahead tour modern dental office layout office basic parts total office members dental health team equipment supplies required dentistry patient sees modern office business affairs handled orientation dental assistant looking places dental assistant functions part dental team part complex office structure begin thinking role play fit team chapter elaborate single part tour introduction factors reads chapters book explain detail chapters meaning read overview provide description modern dental office functions modern dental assistant flow traffic dental office arranged patients enter exit door patients welcomed window waiting room ushered door operating room soon dismissed separate door business office
biopsy consists removal piece tissue lesion purpose making diagnosis lesions biopsied excision entire lesion incision edge lesion excised tissue immediately small bottle percent formalin oral pathologist histopathologic examination specimen accompanied report age sex patient history description clinical impression lesion photograph radiograph biopsy armamentarium taking biopsy shown fig photograph lesion retracting cheeks tongue manner provide view lesion remind dentist record history description clinical diagnosis lesion taking biopsy prepare cotton tipped applicator syringe local anesthesia suction apparatus gauze sponges field operation free hemorrhage biopsy immediately place biopsy specimen bottle percent formalin assist dentist placement suture close wound periapical periodontal infections frequently acute abscesses oral cavity occurrence abscesses considered dental emergency infections extend tissues face neck endanger patient extensive abscesses dental origin ordinarily treated hospital
principles cavity preparation teeth involve performance basic steps sequence obtaining outline form commonly called extension prevention recurrence caries obtaining resistance retention forms removing remaining carious dentine obtaining required convenience form finishing enamel margins cleansing cavity preparation cutting instruments cavity preparation vary according location type cavity prepared general hand cutting instruments anterior teeth smaller type posterior teeth trays shown preparation cavities anterior teeth preparation cavities posterior teeth tray includes bare essentials additional cutting instruments employed major groups cutting instruments hand cutting instruments rotating instruments hand cutting instruments identified chisels hatchets hoes spoons rotating instruments identified burs carborundum points stones diamond points stones paper disks instruments designed conventional belt driven handpiece ultrahigh speed air driven handpiece convenient methods storing instruments shown figs rotating instruments ultrahigh speeds compared slower speeds greatly simplify cavity preparation shorten required prepare cavity decrease discomfort patient ultrahigh speed equipment limited cavity preparations adequate visibility maintained large amounts tooth structure removed
silicate cement employed semipermanent restorative material chief advantages harmonious color ease manipulation chief disadvantages solubility fluids mouth lack crushing strength silicate cement injurious effect dental pulp reason liner cavity preparation restoration silicate cement limited primarily class iii class cavities anterior teeth silicate cement restorations disintegrate period need replaced occasionally longer period cements silicate cements consist powder liquid powder supplied variety shades match tooth colors liquid consists mainly phosphoric acid combination water chemicals equilibrium liquid change period altering setting quality cement bottle liquid tightly stoppered examined occasionally cloudiness sediment appears liquid discarded manufacturer instructions mixing supplemented experience knowledge consistency desired silicate cement harden properly contaminated moisture moisture contact silicate mixing setting processes armamentarium placement silicate cement restoration shown fig
traditional dental unit designed accept post movable arm attached end movable arm mounted dental operating light light adjustable relation field operation advent dental units positioned traditional location find locating stabilizing operating light approaches developed means lamppost attached stabilized dental chair base attached lamppost movable arm operating light similar light found traditional dental unit lamps mounted arms fastened seat portion chair arm fastened foot chair tried proved satisfactory approach light system mounted ceiling wall mounting locations lighting system operating lights backed panel fluorescent lamps frequently operating light attached sliding track create greater utility dental operatory lighting offers wide variety options manufacturers representatives consulted regarding light combinations correct number foot candles required dental procedures assistant mind need correctly balanced light dental operatory help reduce eye fatigue aid selecting blending restorative materials
technique selection dental equipment equipment checklist procedure performance criteria complement previously explained dentist chairside assistant developed operating patterns procedures means kinds office equipment suit purposes likely kinds deficiencies noted present equipment improved select equipment office criteria persons want critically examining piece equipment suggested items dentist assistant insist included checklist criteria checklists dental team wants avoid important develop goes examine equipment seeing items idea dentist assistant reexamine list items want ask questions viewing equipment persons think waste prepare checklist examining pieces equipment easy forget ask questions salesperson easy items confused exposed dozen kinds equipment
microorganisms generally extremely responsive temperature established point metabolic activity bacteria minimum degrees reproduction organisms temperature ceases completely optimum temperature microbial metabolism reproduction body temperature range temperatures reproduction degrees general rule pathogenic organism specific optimum temperature requirements closer temperature approaches degrees temperatures degrees greater totally destructive bacteria efficient method utilizing heat destruction microbial organisms form moist heat organisms manifest degree susceptibility destruction heat bacteria nonsporeformers vegetative forms sporulating organisms resistant elevations temperature organisms destroyed moist heat temperatures ranging degrees degrees applied periods minutes organisms spores killed moist heat minutes degrees spores extremely resistant heat attempting eliminate bacterial spores noted dry heat effective moist heat spores able resist boiling hours rely boiling accomplish purpose effective method killing spores steam pressure
hygienists dentists low speed friction type straight handpiece instrument routine daily require constant cleaning lubrication sterilization disinfection handpiece shown fig sheath removed oiled times placing drop oil points end handpiece cleaned lubricated inside sheath cleaned bristle brush dipped cleaning solution dried air spindle cleaned piece cloth cleaning solution chuck cleaned pipe cleaner dipped cleaning solution drop oil points labeled fig handpiece reassembled handpiece shown fig high speed ball bearing handpiece sealed ball bearings requires lubrication rear bearing requires lubrication front bearing lubricated month drop oil spindle handpiece rotate sheath lubrication spindle end sheath removed cleaned brush cleaning solution spindle wiped clean small piece clean cloth wet cleaning solution chuck cleaned pipe cleaner dipped cleaning solution drops oil inside bur hole
maxillary periapical films retained placing patient thumb hold packet crowns teeth incisor film thumb films thumb opposite side film premolar region left thumb retain side retaining hand side patient face added stability mandibular periapical films retained placing patient index finger hold packet crowns teeth index finger incisor film films finger opposite side remaining fingers folded palm hand thumb retaining hand beneath lower border mandible added stability incisor film elbow retaining hand raised level shoulder cases operator guide patient retaining finger thumb proper position verbal directions avoided patient mouth difficulty carrying verbal instructions frequently film packet retained patient head move correct position occurs readjust head correct position previously proceeding step
stated times tooth decay affects percent population united states age older suffer advanced periodontal disease recognized startling statements considers diseases produced microorganisms live teeth complete oral hygiene procedures remove problem course rests ability inability dental team teach correct oral hygiene procedures patients necessity motivating practice procedures faithfully motivation teaching questionable microorganisms live surfaces teeth invisible colonies known dental plaque arnim describes dental plaque adherent colonized microbial mass consisting motile nonmotile bacteria protozoa leucocytes desquamated epithelial cells enveloped permeated thick viscous serous exudate helps hold elements noxious end products contact tooth gum bacteria capable producing acids dental caries occur tooth surface plaque toxic poisons damage gingival tissue tooth supporting membranes causing peridontal disease daily removal dental plaque patient greatly reduce eliminate diseases major difficulties motivating patient follow correct oral hygiene procedures rests inability dental plaque teeth
budget plan contract patient dental office pay total dental fee prearranged amounts regular intervals title xix authorized social security amendments medical assistance program federal governments participate families receiving governmental assistance unable meet cost needed health services eligible services include basic dental care preauthorization needed procedures considered extended dental services orthodontics dentures porcelain jacket crowns title xix programs vary programs involves federal government participation dental assistant want familiar title xix program employed able complete records patient covered insurance title xix daily sheet detailed record financial transaction record divided labeled columns entered patient specific professional service rendered utilized consultations fees services receipts disbursements daily sheet serves basis completion office record forms daily sheet consuming part dental office bookkeeping system requires accurate recording care sure fee service recorded immediately service performed funds collected disbursed properly entered
modern dentist takes pride quality comfort patients efficiency provide service increasing number patients organization practice progressive dentist graduate entering practice acquire newest modern equipment auxiliary personnel provide dental health care present enterprising resourceful dentists satisfied standard equipment dentists designing locating basic equipment items suit needs individual practices modern dentist architect design engineer original designs custom offices difficult manufacturers meet requests dentists find compromise equipment totally meet requirements manufacturers gradually responding profession needs confusion continues exist clearly defined equipment criteria accepted dental manufacturers previously provided profession durable equipment designed lifetime durability utmost importance equipment breakdown seriously impairs practice multiple chair office seriously handicapped piece equipment fails operate smoothly efficiently equipment durable evident national dental manpower requirements increase population expands socioeconomic occur effective efficient ways providing dental care found improvements center dentist proper utilization energy auxiliary personnel equipment increasingly important
chapter intended complete dictionary dental terms endeavor dental auxiliaries cognizant responsibility learning dental terminology serve guide word formation addition glossary terms frequently dentistry today student dental assistant begins training finds surrounded speaking language estimated months training dental auxiliary increase vocabulary thousand words learning words interesting rewarding challenge learning words able correctly conversation rewards case essential success dental assistant career acquire working knowledge dental terminology enable communicate effectively dentist members dental health team members dental medical health professions patient persons categories trained dental terminology obvious dental assistant needs obtain working knowledge dental terminology communicate effectively dental auxiliary makes initial contact patient teaches dental health education office visits final patient contact patient dismissed ability understand correctly dental terms important lasting impact patients attitude dental health
learn children idea kind parent want definite form difficult realize children change ways course love enjoy children treat children warmth affection quick unreasonable temper display dealing children understand evaluate pattern upbringing tendency repeat treated child raising family spouse completely opposite ideas young wife raised sharp commands physical punishment method children upset husband parents affection gentle guidance babysitting working families show parents job children parents equipped give children need surprisingly think parent formal study increasing evidence parents properly prepared rearing adjusted children behavior problems troubled personalities child neglect cases juvenile delinquency traced part early experiences children home
ability predict hereditary inherited birth defects based science genetics study genetics dates century gregor mendel mendel austrian monk scientific investigator experimented simple garden peas plants animals resulting mendel laws recall science courses concern characteristics inherited previous generations mendel found combination characteristics original parents plants animals human beings occurs later generations moment conception human baby receives total tiny threadlike particles called chromosomes twenty chromosomes sperm father half egg mother chromosome thousands genes genes determine characteristics appearance physical size inherits fertilized egg develops human billions cells special function parts hands feet nerves eyes blood vessels individual inherits genes single characteristic mother father genes say blue eyes child blue eyes infant inherits blue eye gene brown eye gene trait dictated dominant stronger gene
doctors believe drugs pregnancy major birth defects linked environmental factors word drugs includes medicines doctors prescribe counter remedies aspirin cold medicines nose drops vitamins abused drugs heroin lsd marijuana recent nationwide study revealed average woman takes drugs pregnancy including home remedies vitamin supplements thing completely safe drug thalidomide called safe sedative responsible birth severely deformed infants death countless birth thought placenta tissue transports food wastes mother unborn child barrier protected baby dangerous substances thalidomide substances proved untrue pregnant woman takes body pills injections food tobacco smoke coffee affect unborn child true placenta act partial barrier substances difficulty crossing child appears concentration substance mother blood high leak placenta reach fetus months pregnancy antibiotics drugs lessen nausea cold medicines commonly potentially dangerous developing baby weeks pregnancy effect drugs unborn reaction
infant born inside mother safe warm weightless painful process birth changed newborn protests waving tiny arms legs baby blood pressure temperature soon breathing begins crying things worse doctor holds newly delivered infant feet head drain fluids baby choke newborn crying doctor give seat smart rap cases spank newborn start breathing crying baby suck air inflate lungs baby difficulty mechanical device stimulate breathing umbilical cord baby received oxygen nourishment longer needed clamped tied cut drops silver nitrate antiseptic solution put baby eyes guard infection nurse places infant warm sterile germ free bassinet nurse makes permanent copy baby footprints public record bands giving baby family clamped wrists ankles match larger bracelets mother wrist identification baby leaves delivery room avoid mix identity according legend roman emperor julius caesar delivered surgical incision mother abdomen
shrill cry newborn develops volume lungs mature voice change baby voice results physical development throat muscles tongue lips teeth larynx distinct speech matured infant learned coordinate months tongue interior mouth change shape proportion tongue exceedingly large birth relation months sounds th wait development teeth babies physically ready speech end normal children speak later albert einstein talk later normal age speak smoothly parents feared mentally retarded speech learning process babies begin imitate sounds hear repeated sounds mama dada start understand meaning words babies say words understand baby nose water birth sense smell chance develop studies investigators brown university shown newborns respond disagreeable odors days infants quickly sensitive strong smells
clothing today babies suited needs past today clothing simple comfortable knit fabrics provide ease movement baby ease care parents think hours spent washing starching ironing ruffled baby clothes ago course help automatic washers dryers irons size infantwear weight age baby buy smaller month size newborns infant swim shirts gowns babies grow quickly tiniest sizes soon bursting seams simple fold garments weeks baby catches clothes small baby wears sleeper waking sleeping piece garment feet sleepers popular soft comfortable stretch fit require ironing cold weather sleeper flannel blanket material babies warm kick blankets bed bibs needed soon baby begins eating solid foods kinds plastic wipe clean varieties save laundering babies begin creep crawl clothing needs change
teeth average individual variation timing run families birthday children full set twenty baby teeth quality teeth greatly influenced diet diet mother pregnancy infant lay foundation lifetime poor teeth milk abundance calcium phosphorous especially beneficial vitamin milk contributes sound bone nail tooth development heredity appears play role tooth quality dentists find children careful cavities matter careless inherited protective mechanism discourages decay dentists advise parents cavities especially careful teach children tooth care tooth decay affects decay caused harmful bacteria mouth bacteria constantly forming sticky colorless film called plaque plaque reacts leftover food particles liquids mouth especially sugar produce acids acids dissolve hard tooth enamel cavity begins decay spreads tooth gradually destroys corrective measures tooth decay prevented diet major importance acids produced immediately eating
order toilet training successful sphincter muscles control elimination mature awareness sensations develop point child realizes elimination occur types maturity complete child learn control release sphincter muscles voluntarily set age child toilet trained children reach needed physical maturity ages emotionally ready highly individual children toilet trained eighteen months age bowel training comes bladder training children give sign bowel movement ready begin caregiver note approximate bowel movements child sturdy child seat adult toilet potty chair minutes children follow regular pattern elimination easily trained experts disagree special child seat toilet potty chair adult toilet advantage specific associations child eliminates adjustment seat later seat requires longer period adult help child seat toilet training encourage independence adult seat attachment makes difficult
crying screaming uninhibited physical display temper common twelve months reaches peak eighteen months begins decline period child hostile person thing angry object person responsible anger comes attack ten month intent obtaining ball concerned ball attack person ball outgoing confident children tend display anger aggressively hitting kicking timid youngsters likely cry seek adult comfort primitive expressions anger gradually disappear bring desired results reactions violent explosive physical attacks begin replaced threatening calling pouting scolding frequency anger lessens age anger lasts longer children capable lasting hostility olds think getting makes angry number factors child angry normal anger frequent anxious insecure children spoiled child learned control tends frequent outbursts children parents overly critical inconsistent frustrated easily show anger witnessed common temporary bad temper child sick uncomfortable tired hungry angry easily
sure children proper diet teach nutrition early home school part educational process society meals eaten family means children regularly choose foods eat study washington university showed eating habits successfully taught olds vegetables chosen study children dislike vegetables survey find vegetable likes dislikes children white potatoes carrots mild flavored vegetables liked green peppers cauliflower liked university nursery school educational part project popular vegetables asparagus broccoli rutabagas spinach turnips children helped clean chop prepare vegetables meals learned growing harvesting preserving importantly learned vegetable helped grow stay healthy month experiment children accepted vegetables school addition parents reported willing try vegetables foods home similar learning projects carried home olds love help kitchen surprisingly helpful gains project child learns foods improves motor skills willing try foods
olds pleasant live physically hit kick throw break things emotionally selfish impatient defiant boastful socially argue compete bossier past olds loving affectionate need seek parental approval minute stamp feet say hate mother father give parent present shiny stone flower plucked garden olds increasingly independent responsible care proud abilities possessions creations try highly competitive bigger age children deny responsibility actions common hear big dog knocked joe hit olds language ability enthusiasm parents dismayed additions vocabulary silly names enjoy play words nancy similar nonsense sends hysterics want talk older boast tell tall tales tattle olds difficulty separating fact fantasy parents treat exaggerations humor deliberate lies olds laugh jokes laugh mistakes
school brings olds contact learn meet strangers friends play group accept authority caregiver guidelines explain children react challenges olds interested friends adults age children spend cooperative play playing play groups age children begin share toys turns bossy inconsiderate fighting common children talk continously play age elaborate plans forgotten friends important olds family important continually look approval remarks builder look high climb things wrong parent child goes comfort olds outgoing talkative age play groups play complicated prefer friends age quarreling frequent occur resorts calling wild threats age children respect things belonging
malcolm debbie macgregor live aberdeen scotland easily fit united states language english speak special accent called burr stress distinct education standard living family united states england canada macgregor children aware appreciative ancestry american children kinship stressed scotland families trace membership clan special plaid fabric clan called tartan worn holidays parades troops feature kilts scottish plaid skirts bagpipes special gatherings competitive events foot races soccer special dances bagpipe contests similar family picnics maxim janov lives kolkhozes collective farms leningrad gigantic estates dozens villages farm surrounding fields family small plot land raise food maxim father grandfather uncles kolkniks farm workers mother works fields teenage brothers help school maxim contributes helping sister family cows graze physical part daily school education important soviet children children especially cities attend nurseries kindergartens beginning regular schooling
special education teachers trained teach students needs average student special education includes learning disabilities mental retardation social emotional adjustment problems physical handicaps special education includes average potential called gifted students students vary greatly type degree needs special education teachers tailor programs individual special education teachers children enable reenter regular classes students attend regular classes special education classes teachers responsible total instruction group children regular classes special education teachers complete program special education approved college university school districts require teachers master degree additional study special education teachers need dependability judgment patience enthusiasm salaries higher regular classroom teachers ten percent americans unable speak hear clearly children troulbe speaking hearing participate fully children play normal classroom activities speech pathologist briefly discussed chapter works children adults speech language voice disorders caused deafness brain injury cleft palate mental retardation emotional problems foreign languages spoken home
physical therapists muscle nerve joint bone diseases injuries help patients overcome disabilities cope patients include victims accidents crippled children disabled older persons physical therapists test patients muscle strength motor abilities proper body functioning develop programs treatment include massage heat cold light baths electricity relieve pain improve condition muscles help patient exercises improving strength coordination motor activity learning easier give instruction carrying everyday activities helping devices physical therapists evaluate results treatment discuss patients physicians psychologists therapists specialists needed revise therapeutic procedures exercises help disabled persons accept physical handicaps adjust show members patients families continue treatments home physical therapists license practice obtain candidate degree certificate pass examination approved schools physical therapy offer bachelor degree programs person bachelor degree field twelve sixteen month course leads certificate physical therapy master degree physical therapy combined clinical experience increases opportunites advancement earnings middle high salary range
heat fuel primary importance indication power fuel provide burned heat fuel oil determined burning oil special device known calorimeter equipment measured quantity fuel burned amount heat carefully measured btu lb fuel specific gravity liquid diesel fuel ratio density fuel oil density water specific gravity measured hydrometer specific gravity fuel affects spray penetration fuel injected combustion chamber degree measure heat content fuel fuel heavy greater heat gallon light oil flash point oil temperature oil heated sufficient flammable vapor driven flash ignite brought contact flame fire point higher temperature oil vapors continue burn ignited fire point deg higher flash point flash point indication fire hazard lower flash point greater fire hazard flash point diesel fuels deg type fuel deg type fuel deg type fuels
case gasoline fuels additives diesel fuels reduce smoke reduce knocking improve cold weather operation problems connection operation diesel engines smoke engine fueled heavy black smoke emitted exhaust factor polluting air breathe produces excessive accumulations carbon combustion chamber special additives diesel fuels counteract production smoke conditions operation automotive diesel fuels high cetane number needed conditions lower cost fuels higher density high density fuels provide btu gallon fuels low cetane number cold weather operations fuels drawback wax separates fuel obstructs oil flow critical filters lines problem overcome addition kerosene lowers density sacrifice heat fuel method add suitable depressant substance lessens undesirable properties depressants improve flow fuel filters reducing size wax crystals pass filters degree vehicles benefit improved filter ability depressant added fuel depends largely design fuel system insoluble residues tend form fuel storage
method makes masked valve design lip formed underside valve prevents air entering combustion chamber area blocked lip design extensively diesels europe america highly successful imparting swirling action air disadvantage masked valve valve rotated proper location injection nozzle pressure fuel injected major features contributing mixing fuel air open combustion chamber added turbulence obtained wide rim top piston comes close cylinder head top center swirl action piston flow air center piston major advantages open combustion chamber high fuel economy simplicity design variation open combustion chamber shown fig european design known design maybach railroad engine addition engines commercial vehicle field noted ball shaped combustion chamber located entirely piston major feature engines type combustion chamber absence diesel knock low engine speeds addition soot formed pound fuel consumed types diesel engines fuel consumption low
governor variable speed mechanical centrifugal type weight assembly attached camshaft governor action accomplished flyweights acting movable sleeve backed springs floated opposite direction governor designed american bosch fuel injector simplicity prime factor close regulation adjustability torque buildup required governor mechanical centrifugal type attached fuel injector pump integral unit driven extenson pump camshaft governor action accomplished flyweights acting movable sleeve loaded opposite direction spring loaded fulcrum lever fuel supply pump designed american bosch type psb fuel injection pump positive displacement gear type pump mounted pad front side injection pump housing driven gear meshing gear camshaft cases separately mounted driven diaphragm type pump applied pressure full load psi bendix corporation electrical components division produces fuel injection equipment unit injector type recently agreement simms motor units limited london england market manufacture simms fuel injection equipment diesel engines united states simms equipment extensively ford trucks motor boats yachts
fuel supply system fairbanks morse dual fuel engine includes duplex injection pump duplex injection pump receives fuel oil low pressure supply pump meters builds high pressure delivers fuel injection nozzle pump plunger type pilot fuel plunger connected main plunger stroke duplex pump operated cam tappet mechanism lower pilot fuel pump delivers constant amount fuel stroke amount fuel delivered pilot fuel pump small percentage full load fuel oil operating requirement due small cross sectional area short stroke pump plunger pilot fuel pump delivery dual fuel operation initiate combustion gas air mixture fuel delivered pilot pump sufficient sustain oil diesel operation fig shows pilot fuel pump plunger successive positions downward stroke top stroke fuel oil header flows inlet port passages space plunger plunger moves downward fuel oil escapes plunger port closed downward movement plunger builds pressure trapped fuel spring loaded discharge valve opens releasing high pressure oil injection tube
sufficient pressure built opens flat nonreturn check valve fuel check valve cage spring cage passages tip passages tip fuel cavity compressed pressure force acting upward needle valve sufficient open valve downward force valve spring soon needle valve lifts seat fuel forced small orifices spray tip atomized combustion chamber lower land plunger uncovers lower port bushing fuel pressure plunger relieved valve spring closes needle valve ending injection pressure relief passage provided spring cage permit bleed fuel leaking past needle pilot tip assembly check valve directly bushing prevents leakage combustion chamber fuel injector case valve accidentally held open small particle dirt injector plunger returned original position injector follower spring fig shows phases injector operation vertical travel injector plunger return upward movement plunger high pressure cylinder bushing filled fuel oil ports constant circulation fresh fuel injector renews fuel supply chamber helps cool injector effectively removes traces air accumulate system interfere accurate metering fuel
waukesha model series type engine extensively marine field cylinder stroke cycle engine overhead valve open combustion chamber displacement cu naturally aspirated model develops hp rpm turbocharged model develops hp rpm crankcase shaped iron alloy casting wet type cylinder sleeves upper end sleeves seating provided cylinder head gasket seals mating surfaces flanges sleeve crankcase deck lower end sleeve rubber seal rings provided sleeve main bearing supported addition marsden locknuts place tie bolts side crankcase secure bearing cap rigidly rear crankcase housing crankshaft drive gear cam gear idler gear water oil pump gears camshaft driven gears supply power governor drive front end accessory drive gears located front end crankcase cylinder heads cast pairs head carries complete rocker arm assemblies operate valves cylinder set valves operates rocker arm means valve actuator opens valves valve seats stellite nonferrous metal cobalt tungsten chromium carbon contrary current automotive gasoline engine practice valve guides replaceable type
engineers constantly investigating methods improving diesel engine research directed increasing developed horsepower cubic inch displacement improving fuel economy easier starting reduction weight noteworthy accomplishment development variable compression ratio engine research started british internal combustion engine research association recently continental aviation engineering corp obtained patent rights manufacture engine united states research shown diesel engine direct injection started starting aids degrees compression ratio deg compression ratio needed started engine idle satisfactorily compression ratio comparison gasoline engine starting aids required compression ratio interest diesel compression ratio starting satisfactory peak cylinder pressures exceedingly high load engine increased high pressures necessitate heavy structure provide strength solution problem engine provide high compression ratio starting lower compression ratio load increased facts concerning engine presented papers presented society automotive engineers wallace john basiletti edward blackburne continental aviation engineering corp
compression pressures reaching psi exhaust temperatures approximating deg diesel engine pistons subjected severe operating conditions pistons designed withstand conditions heavier familiar gasoline engine piston special provisions cooling aluminum cast iron generally manufacture diesel pistons instances large pistons assembled crown steel forging cast steel design cast iron heat treated steel forging insert piston pin insert inserts niresist nickel alloy alloys cast iron inserts top ring grooves aluminum alloy pistons reinforcement wear reducing feature control expanson installation alloy steel braces piston pin bosses steel rings piston crown added strength aluminum advantages piston material lighter cast iron weighing lb cu weight cast iron weighs lb cu addition excellent heat conductivity nearly cast iron strength aluminum decreases faster cast iron temperature increases heavier sections obtain strength needed carry heavy loads lighter weight aluminum important standpoint vibration load bearings crankshaft
system cooling water water jacket extent marine field known keel cooling system heat transfer takes place unit attached keel vessel flow cooler thermostatically controlled coolant drawn water pump bottom expansion tank oil cooler engine cylinder block cylinder head water manifold portion coolant bypassed rear water manifold rear jacket surrounding exhaust manifold expansion tank thermostat open major portion coolant water manifold passes thermostat housing flows directly keel cooling coils thermostat closed portion coolant entering thermostat housing bypassed directly engine water pump inlet remixes coolant exhaust manifold jacket coolant circulated cylinder block cylinder head thermostat closed quick warm assured coolant pass keel cooling coils temperature cooling system regulated meet existing conditions principal factor affecting proper cooling engine rate flow cooling system rapid flow danger scale deposits hot spots velocity circulating water reduced discharge temperatures cooling water increases heat carried gallon cooling water circulated
unit removes dirt intake air generally known air cleaner cases acts silencer flame arrester stationary installations large industrial engines air passed thick curtain water removes dust air cools cooling results fact water cooler air water evaporates carries heat air passing curtain water air filtered engine air intake main types air cleaners dry type oil type air filters reverse direction air flow times air enters unit centrifugal action throws large percentage foreign matter action dry oil types air cleaners cleaning stage case oil bath cleaner incoming air directed downward striking surface oil dirt dust collects centrifuging removes percent foreign matter air number dry filtering elements include screen mesh crimped paper metal spun glass cloth paper elements descarded period service fig shows united air cleaner known tri phase claimed percent dust centrifuged
sump filtering system similar shunt system filter separate circulating system including separate motor driven pump sump system permits lubricating oil circulate filter engine operating oil filtered sump motor driven pump forced filter discharged sump oil engine sump engine driven pump forced cooler filter engine bypass lubricating system similar shunt system portion oil continuously bypassed sump filters order sufficient oil supplied engine amount oil permitted flow filter limited size piping orifice schematic diagram lubricating system general motors cycle series engine shown fig series engine depending number cylinders designed transportation marine stationary service fig illustrates arrangement units control valves full flow lubricating system engine complete system consists oil pump oil cooler full flow oil filter bypass valve suitable relief valve pump bypass valve oil cooler pressure regulator valve cylinder block oil gallery
operation turbocharger responds engine load demands reacting flow exhaust gases power output engine increases flow exhaust gases increases speed output rotating assembly increases proportionately turbocharger cooled water passing water jacket turbocharger water obtained engine water jacket lubricating oil turbocharger supplied external oil line extending engine cylinder block top center housing drilled passages carry oil shaft bearings thrust ring thrust bearing thrust plate minimum oil flow turbocharger engine idle psi oil temperature deg units operated period units overhauled require lubrication shaft bearings thrust ring thrust bearing thrust plate starting engine sure parts lubricated prevent subsequent bearing damage procedure recommended general motors clean area turbocharger oil inlet line remove oil inlet line top center housing pour approximately ounces lubricating oil inlet opening center housing turn rotating assembly hand coat bearings thrust ring thrust plate bearing oil fill oil inlet line lubricating oil connect oil inlet line top center housing
call diesel engine characteristics regards weight speed cost governing kind fuel characteristics called engine application automotive mobile railroad marine service stationary service understand important connection speed weight diesel piston makes power stroke amount energy produced power engine produces depends develops energy putting power amount energy produced rate energy produced consider identical engines runs fast faster engine power strokes develop energy minute slower power want lot power engine run fast safely limit fast run engine speed goes pistons slide faster cylinder walls rubbing speed increases forces created motion called inertial forces speed goes high excessive rubbing speed inertial forces damage engine parts
air hot automatically ignite oil oil sprayed happens fuel squirted fuel injection nozzle fig oil burns quickly mixed hot air burning process produces heat makes burning mixture hotter hot body gases confined small space top piston top cylinder pressure goes pressure exerted top piston pushes power stroke piston reaches position shown fig oil sprayed finished burning hot gases occupy larger space descending piston say expanding called expansion stroke power stroke piston continues descend hot gases pushing expanding gases lose pressure cooler pressure gases piston transmitted connecting rod crank force crank makes crank shaft turn shortly piston reaches bottom center power stroke exhaust valve pushed open mechanically spent gases lost temperature pressure expansion start blow exhaust valve
learned main advantages diesel engines forms power producers diesel engines disadvantages learn understand engines fit applications diesel engines higher pressures require sturdier construction materials closer fit parts gasoline engines cost build sturdier construction diesel engines weigh gasoline engines power diesel engine requires attention electric motor running purchased current requires attention unit power produced large steam turbine water wheel type oil diesel engines fuel costly coal compared heat basis dollar worth coal heat units dollar worth diesel oil ordinarily difference fuel price offset small amount oil consumed diesel compared amount coal burned steam power plant power coal unusually cheap compared oil steam power plant produce power lower cost fuel diesel steam power plant able cut fuel cost diesel exhaust steam heat fully utilized heating process laundry
piston rings designed fit recesses encircle upper crown lower skirt portions piston rings serve number important purposes engine classified according major service perform fig illustrates typical small diesel engine piston cross section view identifies parts note keystone type top compression ring variations lower ring selection cylinder engines top piston compression rings serve purposes seal space piston liner preventing escape liner air charge compression stroke combustion gases power stroke transmit heat piston water cooled cylinder liner compression rings alloyed gray cast iron types special facings thin bearing surface friction metal chemical treatment facilitate run seating rings facings tiny rough spots iron surfaces ring liner wear gradually iron iron contact achieved excess friction scuffing scoring helping run machine ring face slight angle degrees contact small area rough spots gradually worn entire ring face comes seating
lubricating oils impaired service ways place oil sources contaminate oil occur oil forms high temperatures piston ring area oils crack break molecular structure produces carbonaceous tarry materials tend stick rings troubles oxidation form change hydrocarbons oil combine oxygen air produce called organic acids organic acids low boiling points volatile acids highly corrosive acids high boiling points tend form gums lacquers oxidation products responsible problems encountered diesel operation allowed concentrated volatile organic acids attack bearing metals causing pitting failure react remainer oil form soft masses sludges sludges give trouble depositing valve chambers sumps filters strainers oil cooler heavier oxidation products form hard varnish deposits pistons valve stems metal parts smooth black films develop oxidation products contact heated metal surfaces valve stems varnish sticking burning pistons tendency rings stick previous paragraphs noted lubrication problems result place oil due exposure heat air
purpose chapter introduce basic terms physics engineering connected diesel engines learned diesel engine kinds diesel engines fundamental construction diesel engine understand general features diesel pick numerical quantitative knowledge diesel performance learned chapter advantages diesels enjoy compared prime movers diesels consume fuel gasoline engines steam engines diesels burn oil cheaper gasoline general statements want diesels learn actual numerical values relating amount power diesel produces amount oil consumes produce power beginning chapter problems solutions calculations engineer slide rule important accustomed seeing calculations satisfactory purpose solving problems chapters re going learn simple engineering applied diesels figures calculations rounded start learning meanings basic terms physics engineering later
trade association builders diesel engines known diesel engine manufacturers association called dema short adopted standard ratings low speed medium speed rpm stationary diesel engines ratings dema standards published dema chicago book entitled standard practices stationary diesel engines part dema standard power rating follows sea level rating engine net brake horsepower engine deliver continuously operating condition located altitude feet sea level atmospheric temperature barometric pressure inches mercury engine manufacturers offer engines sufficiently conservative sea level ratings engines capable delivering output percent excess full load rating safe operating temperatures continuous hours exceed total hours consecutive hours operation learned chapter pressure earth atmosphere decreases altitude height earth increases higher altitudes air dense smaller weight oxygen cubic foot smaller weight oxygen combustion means fuel burned engine cylinder power diesel engine capable delivering decreases altitude increases
obtain stiffness unnecessary weight push rods hollow tubes rods simplest arrangement small high speed engines lower end push rod carries head follower flat mushroom shape rides cam rounded head upper end fits cup end valve rocker arm engines side thrust push rod avoided hinged follower rests cam transmits cam action push rod follower carries roller runs cam reduces friction rocker arms swing steel fulcrum pin pivot resting bronze bushing needle bearing rocker arm contact end valve stem means roller form set screw tappet usual set screw simpler lighter roller permits adjusting tappet clearance lash valve closes firmly seat adjustment provided rocker arm valve stem meet provided push rod side order care length required compensate wear cases fulcrum bearing rocker arm contact points push rod valve stem pressure lubricated
supercharger fitted engine engine valve overlap normal cycle engine degrees supercharged engines increased degrees opening inlet valve earlier closing exhaust valve later period valves open supercharge air effectively rids combustion chamber burned gases cooling effect benefits exhaust valves customary increase clearance volume reduces compression ratio keeps maximum firing pressure unsupercharged engine basic purpose supercharging increase air change fuel burned rate fuel injection increased mean larger fuel pump plungers exhaust manifolds nonsupercharged engines water cooled cooling exhaust gases reduces energy undesirable turbocharged engine reason exhaust manifolds turbocharged engines insulated preserve heat energy increase operator comfort high compression gas engines sensitive change fuel air ratio amount air delivered turbocharger adjusted suit prevailing engine load speed atmospheric temperature large engines automatic control systems adjustments turbocharging methods cycle engines pulse buchi system constant pressure system
flywheels regulate speed power produced engine exceeds power needed surplus power engine speed accelerate depends inertia flywheel rotating parts surplus power converted kinetic energy load increases power developed rotating parts give kinetic energy slow case flywheel reduces amount speed change according physics kinetic energy rotating part proportional inertia square rotating speed heavier flywheel larger diameter greater inertia large flywheel absorb amount surplus power kinetic energy increase speed small flywheel engine power deficient decrease speed larger flywheel engine run steadier flywheels serve purposes supplement action governor preventing change speed governor change rate fuel flow cylinders developing power purpose smooth momentary speed occur pistons cycles compression expansion cyclic speed variations happen piston firing stroke tends speed engine compression stroke tends slow
fig shows schematically principle elementary hydraulic governor note land raised portion pilot valve width port governor operating control speed land closes port flow oil governor speed falls due increase engine load flyweights move pilot valve moves opens port power piston connects supply oil pressure pressure oil acts power piston forcing upward increase fuel governor speed rises due decrease engine load flyweights move pilot valve moves opens port power piston drain sump spring power piston forces power piston decreasing fuel note port stays closed speed throttle position full load load speed ideally engine run exactly speed load governor termed isochronous unfortunately simple hydraulic governor defect prevents practical inherently unstable keeps moving continually making unnecessary corrective actions words hunts hunting unavoidable lag moment governor acts moment engine responds
overspeed governors employed safety devices protect engines damage due overspeeding engine equipped regular speed governor overspeed governor function event regular governor fails operate overspeed control merely slows engine continue run safe operating speed termed overspeed governor brings engine full stop called overspeed trip overspeed governors trips types principle resisting centrifugal force flyweight means spring spring loaded force overbalance centrifugal force flyweight engine speed rises desired maximum speed reached centrifugal force overcomes spring force puts action controls slow stop engine overspeed governors generally act fuel supply engine cylinders regular governors overspeed trips engine overspeed account kind fuel entering cylinders independently fuel injection system oil gas accidentally enter engine air intake overspeed trips guard contingencies shut engine holding open exhaust valves closing air supply means torque converter engine power torque multiplied speed converted combination torque speed suit requirements load
magneto kind electric generator consisting rotating permanent magnet stationary pole pieces wound insulated wire generating winding connects electric breaker interrupter operated cam turned shaft rotor timed open separate breaker contacts moment magnet causing maximum current flow generating winding low tension magneto system resulting surge low tension current passes primary winding transformer coils insulated wire surrounding iron core primary winding comparatively turns wire produces adjacent secondary winding turns voltage times high voltage sufficient jump gap spark plug engine cylinders resulting spark ignites fuel mixture fig wiring diagram bendix low tension magneto system cylinder engine shows fundamental principle additional features note transformer engine cylinder capacitor magneto section collects energy wasted producing heavy spark breaker points open interrupts current sharply strengthening spark engine cylinder distributor section group contacts operated cams timed feed low tension current proper transformer
look leaks loose fastenings listen mechanical noises check temperatures instruments feel test emergency devices occasionally harm follows underloading uneconomical overloading combustion troubles overheating dual fuel spark ignited engines detonation exhaust pyrometers regular equipment engines small high speed units full engine mechanical condition uniform temperatures cylinder show equal division fuel load low exhaust temperature lack fuel poor spray nozzle action low compression pressure caused piston ring blow leaky exhaust valves high exhaust temperature mean heavy cylinder loading delayed combustion scale water jackets inspect pyrometer thermo couples regularly dirty read low temperature jacket water range recommended manufacturer absence instructions set outlet temperature depending cylinder size small cylinders higher temperatures regulate water flow temperature rise jackets rapid flow water spaces prevents local hot spots cuts temperature difference top bottom cylinder keeps cylinder bores straight reduces expansion strains excessively high outlet temperature promotes scale formation break oil film cylinder walls spark ignited engines detonate
due federal legislation greatest problems facing manufacturers maintenance organizations diesel engines problems concerned ecology diesel vehicle tests grams mile set diesel engines emit hydrocarbons oxides nitrogen carbon monoxide carbon dioxide smoke carbon particles possibly hydrocarbons comparison late model gasoline powered automobile diesel engines emit percent hydrocarbons percent carbon monoxide completely researched percent oxides nitrogen federal government concerned diesel smoke standards emission problem areas related kind engine nitrous oxides carbon monoxide hydrocarbon emissions diesel engines minimum standards federal diesel smoke standards effect problem manufacturers users agencies concerned highway vehicles reduce visible exhaust smoke remembered smoke characteristics naturally aspirated turbocharged engines vary considerably loads speeds reason emission testing especially smoke emission evaluated maintenance problem research division design problem similar testing equipment divisions instruments measuring diesel smoke classified full flow type measured opacity opacity means opaqueness quality substance renders impervious rays light density exhaust smoke
quality feel type lead measured satisfaction values things important includes successful reaching goals planned individual quality personal meanings type person prefers enjoyed re asking food type lead matter want need health enjoy food supplies body energy nourishment health food eat body turns food energy cells called nutrition foods provide energy nourishment body choose food eat re deciding nutrition poor nutrition nutrition means eating foods help body healthy poor nutrition means eating eating foods lead poor health nutrition help healthy nutrition look feel act sound magic science shows link total health nutrition
malnutrition severe form poor nutrition poor nutrition reaches stage malnutrition body health severely damaged malnutrition common parts including united states according development report issued bank million population live absolute poverty means annual income person live countries underdeveloped countries hungry suffer malnutrition live short children suffer malnutrition countries nations custom eat left eaten women children children bodies need nutrients especially proteins growth nutrients grow stunted deformed filled pain malnutrition major illnesses children child eat food lacks proteins child underweight face body swell skin peels arms legs thin child food starves muscles fat waste child appears skeleton body skin bones face shrunken wrinkled age appearance food agriculture organization fao reports food production generally increasing poorest countries decreasing
foods eat nutrients need eat nutrition guidelines help recommended daily allowances nutrition labeling daily food guide recommended daily allowances known rda lists amounts nutrients healthy eat developed food nutrition board national academy sciences national research council updated based latest scientific research rda recommends daily amounts calories nutrients recommendations divided sex age groups include pregnant lactating women lactating means women breast feeding infants asking recommendations nutrients earlier book stated body needs nutrients date scientists discovered facts nutrients nutrients body body needs scientists searching facts health experts agree food kinds nutrients amounts eat balanced diet recommended nutrients nutrients eating variety food important sure getting nutrients major rda technical complex professional workers health nutrition dietitians nutritionists physicians
weeks baby called embryo weeks important human cells form types tissue organs systems human body formed end month embryo head body beginnings organs start brain nervous system heart cardiovascular system circulating blood tiny body month features face shape arms legs continue develop hands feet formation heart completed brain develops forms parts common adult brain end weeks embryo mm inch weighs grams ounce features organs body looks tiny human end embryo called fetus means recognized human weeks embryo nutrients build organs parts systems human body month mother realizes pregnant happens embryo month mother poor eating habits able supply embryo nutrients grow properly
according psychologist abraham maslow basic personal needs met food choices help meet needs physical needs body properly survive physical needs met food vital physical need hungry think food eat food dislike order meet need need feel secure safe harm fear running food feel insecure buy large supplies canned frozen food hand future advertisements tell stock future serving nutritious food enjoy showing love turn asked share food prepared feeling accepted person means need respect approval feel worthwhile gain esteem food skills knowledge food talents abilities food creative experiences find satisfying lifelong careers nutrition food preparation enjoy food hobby love prepare food try recipes create food specialities seafood reuben
mistaken ideas started food quacks food quack person encourages misinformation food health hope making profit sincerely believe product sell ideas promoted food quacks dangerous quacks sell expensive food preparation equipment nutrition sell supplements supposed cure cancer diabetes high blood pressure believe seek medical advice spend money expensive health foods supplements equipment money left buy food needed healthful diet clues help food quacks food quacks appeal fears fear aging illness loss looks claim product variety illnesses young healthy garlic instance cure high blood pressure atherosclerosis colds intestinal worms asthma whooping cough pneumonia insomnia tuberculosis diabetes garlic capsules pills featured health food stores claims generally based scientific evidence quick find turn money making scheme quacks understand meaning read scientific magazines expect instance research uncovering facts zinc human body
check newspaper ads sales coupons storage space stock food buy don buy sales coupon items wasting food money shopping list stick find food bargain substitute list buy instance planning pot roast find stew meat sale substitute stew pot roast sticking shopping list avoid impulse buying impulse buying means buying want planned buy need compare brands prices read labels buy food nutrition money don shop re hungry tempted buy items high calorie snack foods needed health experiment frill generic foods cost plain packages advertising initial lower cost product equal nutrition expensive foods quality lower brands substitute expensive foods equal nutrition higher priced instance beef short supply consumer demands prices going higher higher animal proteins poultry fish expensive give equal nutrition remember pay packaged ready eat foods convenience foods
fruits vegetables prepared eat raw fruit lettuce salad foods cooked need cooking processed easier eat digest mind purposes cooking destroy enzymes harmful bacteria special care handling foods eaten raw enjoy steak tartare highly seasoned ground meat mixture eaten raw health experts recommend eating raw ground meat bacteria meat bacteria ground meat handling meat grinder packaging eating raw ground meat harmful health prepare fruits vegetables eaten raw sure bacteria food bacteria food growing rapidly guidelines preparing raw fruits vegetables wash fruits vegetables carefully remove dirt bacteria edible parts vegetables grow close ground means carry dirt harmful bacteria cut parts eaten pare peel cut fruits vegetables serving pieces sharp knife cutting board fruits vegetables cut halves wedges slices strips chunks pieces large easy eat
buffet service easy serve large group food arranged serving dishes table counter dishes napkins flatware guests serve sit eat sofa chairs floor cushions plan buffet nutrition mind don buffet excuse serve high calorie high fat high sugar foods guests concerned weight health problems serve grain breads crackers fresh fruits vegetables snacks cheese dips elegant dessert bowl fresh strawberries fresh pineapple put food serve guest average serving remaining food proper temperatures think guests ready helpings put food serving table re expecting large crowd buffet follow guidelines nutritious safe food preparation food utensils areas clean sure food completely cooked food proper temperatures crowd large want consider disposable dishes dishes glasses washed hurriedly hand properly cleaned attractive paper plastic dishes add decorative note buffet solve problem rewashing glasses dishes
texture means describing surface looks feels say product looks shiny dull feels smooth rough describing texture display texture real created let say employer asked build display featuring stainless steel cookware display unit smooth shiny texture similar cookware contrast display unit cookware goal display sell merchandise needs create contrast impression rough texture shining floodlight piece screen located cookware display background show pattern tiny squares providing contrast texture attracting eye customer shiny surfaces cookware display elements color ways attract customers color promotions regular part display fashion merchandising colors style wide display clothing carpet sold customers want latest colors color properly give display touch special color powerful element carefully color poorly destroy contrasts merchandise cover main point display
careful window displays showing retailers form window display sell merchandise careful attention effect window displays customer attitudes clothes person wears tell deal individual personality customers believe store dressing reflects personality course snap judgments wrong wrong impression created difficult correct reason extra care attention design construction window displays window displays tremendous help retailer selling merchandise window displays seen passersby seconds positive actions result shopper attention captured potential customer enter store seeking additional information displayed merchandise customer simply buy displayed product additional help case window display sold merchandise display fourth window displays draw store give retailer opportunity put foot forward getting keeping customers techniques develop effective window displays vary widely purposes window display sell merchandise create favorable image retailer information helpful planning constructing window displays
retailing rapidly aspects american business today retail merchandising practices practices ago instance customers select purchases help salesperson called wait service merchandise packaged sale closed display cases store retailer choice individual wait service care customer needs interior displays direct selling changed wait service unnecessary today means effective advertising modern packaging selection store interior displays major means making merchandise accessible customers retailers customers informed products entering store shop advertising promotions newspapers television radio direct mail deal increased customer product knowledge exterior window displays effective presell specific merchandise result interior displays important part retail merchandising plans advertising window displays reasons increase interior store displays opportunities brought attractive product packaging techniques display personnel able exhibit merchandise openly variety interior display arrangements
important factors affect promotional mix amount money company spend company unlimited funds spend adequate amount type promotion smaller company firm money concentrate forms promotion cost businesses display public relations sales promotion types promotion required consumer products required industrial goods consumer products buy satisfy needs wants food clothing items daily living called consumer products industrial goods produce goods services machine product raw materials manufacture product known industrial goods industrial goods require large part money set promotion spent personal selling consumer goods promoted effectively point sale displays remind customer buy suggest products creates desire buy sales promotion form coupons samples demonstrations trading stamps method promoting sale consumer goods market product includes area product sold number customers possibly buy kinds customers market factors influence promotional mix
beginning jobs sales promotion department clerical nature job opportunities alert young person interested part sales experience demonstrators trade shows retail stores show products traveling display attendants accompany displays stores trade shows trained answer questions viewers ask welcome wagon hostesses call residents community present gifts local merchants beginners obtain positions sales correspondents business skills write clear letters experience sales promotion special training prepares job applicants career level jobs layout artists plan advertising pieces promote premiums coupons samples copywriters prepare copy pieces team prepare sales manuals demonstration kits company salespeople direct mail specialists plan prepare types mailing pieces company send customers potential customers sales promotion managers direct activities sales promotion department interest products helps workers sales promotion develop ideas increase company sales ability communicate effectively orally writing promotional copy required sales promotion jobs students distributive education course high school attain positions sales promotion
windows feature panes glass panes glass background solid wall forming fourth side called island windows common single corner windows found small retail establishments jewelry stores find island windows corner window difficult install single window island window difficult install corner window viewed angles important display exactly single item displays effectively featured type window windows feature open closed background open background windows popular stores especially malls shopping centers feature open background windows open background windows backdrops allow customer view display window interior store displays allow customers store view merchandise featured window displays open background windows store interior lure attract customer customer items display window backdrop customer eyes drawn store combination attractive interior displays modern fixtures general activity magnetic effect
reactions color understanding effects color produces helps display personnel plan displays appeal majority store customers red exhilarating color stimulates brain appetite red accent color direct attention important feature display yellow energizes creates sense brightness color makes suitable poorly lighted displays stimulating large quantities accent color green nature color soothing refreshing cool relaxing quality color makes popular display specialists frequently green small display area look larger blue calm relaxing likely remind customers blue sky ocean pleasant effect orange tension irritation fact makes advisable orange small quantities pleasing tints shades orange purple color royalty evokes perplexing baffling feelings purple limited effective desires theatrical effect white black brown neutral colors soften displays variety intense colors emphasis environmental issues natural earth colors increasingly popular
open jigsaw puzzle empty pieces table complete puzzle arrange rearrange pieces fit form picture components design arranged organized form pleasing picture person working jigsaw puzzle picture box guide display specialist principles design guide arranging merchandise props display sell goods principles design help display specialist create exciting effective displays unity dominance balance proportion rhythm harmony contrast previous chapter studied design components pieces put chapter consider principles effect created design components control change effect able design understand principles design discussion principles follows purpose display customer buy merchandise goal accomplished components display organized complete design single impression create unity component related component design single effect produced elements arranged eye moves naturally customer sees entire range merchandise displayed
fixtures hold merchandise grouped series steps stairstep arrangement fixtures arranged ascending descending order single type merchandise featured arrangement items display fashion customer attention customer eyes move naturally step stairstep arrangement favored displays hats shoes gloves handbags accessories drug hardware variety stores supermarkets find pyramid arrangement arranging large displays limited space pyramid arrangement begins broad base gradually tapers point top cans bottles packages displayed manner arrangement types merchandise zigzag arrangement winds pyramid arrangement handbags handbag center height twenty inches handbag side height fourteen inches vertical zigzag arrangement merchandise handbag center twenty inches fourteen inches left twelve sixteen inches light airy zigzag arrangement adds variety displays change pyramid type smaller items base part arrangement interference pattern props merchandise positioned overlap
interest consumers buying product companies distribute samples small size advertiser product free product sample detergents toothpaste soap items promoted manner samples frequently mail distributed door door food companies employ demonstrators offer soft drinks cheese crackers foods shoppers grocery stores demonstrators trained follow sell product interested customers product samples packaged products manufacturer instance sample toothpaste included free toothbrush win customers parents manufacturers products babies supply hospitals samples products indirectly companies specialize preparing complimentary packages products manufacturers mother discharged hospital receives package free samples items vitamin drops disposable diapers baby shampoo samples important promoting types products drug manufacturers promote products distributing samples physicians pharmaceutical companies employ representatives known detailers call doctors offices offer literature products samples doctors ultimate consumers products buying decision prescribe medication patients samples physicians especially effective promoting products
companies give sales representatives support home office employing sales correspondents sue foran works excel motors afternoon sue received call john scala company sales agent john told sue visited home appliance company felt convinced excel motors products sale asked sue write letter sue knew john expected composed letter home appliance company letter stressed benefits inexpensive smooth operating lasting excel motors small electrical appliances quoted paragraph letter recent buyer expressed satisfaction motors sue enclosed price list descriptive folder assured home appliance company happy help courteous phrased letter closed sale received order large quantity excel motors week john sale visit home appliance company sue type letter thanked customer order repeated product benefits quoted delivery dates offered help home appliance problems sue assistance sales force typical sales correspondents working types companies
successful business firms build customer relations providing service companies sell products business firms provide training programs sales staff give product knowledge interest potential customers sales representatives follow calls ensure customer satisfaction provide additional advice service retailers train sales personnel give courteous helpful service customers provide additional services charge accounts free delivery gift wrapping stores provide tastefully decorated interiors add shopping pleasure extras piped music baby sitting services pharmacies provide chairs customers waiting prescriptions supermarket employ wash windows customers cars merchants observe policy customer give full exchange accept return goods credit firms set consumer advisory boards determine consumer reactions goods services manufacturers household products ask panel housewives test products reasons liking disliking established products makers improve product stores appointed panels suggestions improving store services increased sales acting advice received teen junior apparel departments department stores employ panels high school college students advise customers latest school fashions illustration retailer achieved customer relations story apollo supers colorado
regardless size office staff principles behavior office standard professional conduct keeping high principles dental ethics american dental assistants association formulated code ethics spirit golden rule guiding principle conduct dental assistant contacts dental profession society maintain honesty loyalty desire serve ability employer patients dental assistant give employer cooperation needs serve patients capably efficiently hold confidence details professional services rendered employer refrain performing service patients requires professional competence dentist prohibited dental practice act employed avoid making disparaging remarks conduct profession serves employer treatment patients dental assistant obligation increasing skill efficiency availing educational opportunities provided association component societies part efforts groups improve educational status dental assistant support code ethics providing service public dental office inevitable contact information treated strictest confidence
occasional unpleasant person office telephone diplomatically handled affirmative type reply argue yes person voice risen intensity indicating emotional strain logical frame mind ready hear reasonable explanation situation concerns moment try give yes include short sentence suitable situation yes mrs jones look yes jones understand viewpoint yes jones check reply seriously smile concerned individual calm discussion situation immediately frequently preferable defer discussion emotions return normal level later soon mealtime understand situation completely viewpoint discussing individual concerned discover patient valid complaint occasionally patient manner irritates severely cases allow feelings obvious slightest expression dislike facial verbal
reception room receiving guests waiting room nonpersons allowed sit called important differentiation patients try maintain important concept receiving vips think speak reception room greeted warmly smile receive call home greeted promptly arrival doorbell rings indicating entered reception room respond quickly possibly gracious hostess enter office remember patient returns likes treated previous visits initial greeting depends nature caller business patient expecting arrive greet schedule listed finer touches hostessing permits dentist agrees greet patient coat hanger hand hang coat moment opportunity personal contact wish patient makes feel important asking interest commenting stylish hat elderly women especially appreciate assistance place patient place home
dentist happens deeply involved organizational arrangements meetings large groups secret successful meetings preplan reservation meeting place proper date proper step dentist tell group meet members anticipated place meeting held ask find large space meeting place meeting determined members group dentist requests space reservations meeting call hotel manager resident manager meeting hall hotel give organization anticipated size group date meeting ask written verification space cost information dentist need ordinarily group dinner luncheon hotel meeting room furnished meal additional cost meeting place small group meet library study rooms local dental society plan meeting obtain space call executive secretary local dental society ask reservation date dentist request
place business home responsible injury occurs premises large department store responsible conditions premises accidents injury occurs building office space rented individual owner building responsible needs protection personal injury liability including dentist maintains office dentist dentist held responsible happens office essential staff alert common problems eliminate accident inviting conditions screwhead doorknob cuts opening door dentist responsible injury nylon stocking caused snag run rough spot chair dentist liable cost nylons rug trip waxed floor fall dentist responsible personal liability dentist protected claims insurance extreme care exercised staff eliminate hazards personal injury claims frequent medical professional liability commonly known medical malpractice bad practice claims dentist sued patient feels detrimentally affected treatment injured treatment diagnosis incorrect
procedures dental offices registration patients range extremely detailed personal history signed permission dentist treat case sees fit requests information whatsoever office oral surgeon specialist need detailed registration form office benefit form patient registration information requested registration form commonly serves definitely identify patient patient records information spelled correctly question correct pronunciation asked registration form received assistant address correct current information office asks patient supply form likely accurate handwritten patient information requested registration form confused dentist ask medical history proceeding examination diagnosis registration form deals primarily information needed effective conduct business requirements dental office patient minimum requirements desirable patient middle initial home address home phone number business address phone number person responsible account billed person referred patient office date
large dental medical vocabulary mastered wishes effective member oral health care delivery team terms look frighteningly difficult proper approach visualizing find master vocabulary desire learn occasionally vocabulary proper anatomical part body specific disease salk vaccine named recognize developed dentistry duct named parotid duct names easier remember dental medical vocabulary study paragraphs turning glossary text hoped insights problem building vocabulary find easier expected english language composed words similar belong family words belong family root stem word root stem basic part word expresses primary essential meaning prefixes suffixes added prefixes letters syllables word prefix modifies qualifies meaning root word suffixes syllables letters end word
function nerves carry message sense organ fingertip central nervous system central nervous system muscles glands turn translate return message action nerves act exactly telephone wire connects telephone central office conduct impulse message nerves seen cords whitish translucent material large nerve trunks half inch width terminal distribution end branches tiny invisible messages impulses nerves transmit carry actually tiny electrical impulses incoming message read spinal cord brain brain spinal cord answering message signal send nerve trunk proper place action let imagine finger touching hot stove sense organs deeper layers skin feel excessive heat stimulated excited electrical impulses leave sense organ travel nerve spinal cord brain message interpreted finger contact hot stove immediately message relayed brain spinal cord series impulses nerve trunk finally reaching muscles move finger hand arm
increasingly evident planning meals re forming eating habits recognize foods eaten adequate body nourishment food plan included items nutrition build total caloric consumption allowed foods eat strictly pleasure eat foods listed page select type meat individual vegetables fruits foods provide correct amount vitamins minerals carbohydrates proteins fats needed complete nourishment body emphasis providing food elements thought harm overproviding face recognition harmful overeat provide nutrients say eat servings meat vegetables fruit servings milk servings breadstuffs check food items nutrient content caloric content eating bodies healthy satisfying emotional needs severe discipline habits formed beginning early childhood influence reaction food subconsciously food symbol things grow reward punishment symbol families child control parents eating refusing eat creating scene
clean instruments remove debris patient appointment cutting instruments left cold disinfectant solution overnight instruments prepared sterilizing arrival workday needed patient washed soap brush rinsed sterilized immediately left morning setups patient workday prepared turn equipment elevate chairs completely easier access floor cleaning crew check windows sure heating air conditioning properly set night leave office records appointment book receipt book records prepared workday closed drawer cabinet filing case cover office equipment typewriters adding machines copiers patients workday contacted telephone called appointment reminder double check sterilizers units lights water valves air compressors turned radiographs left washing tank outgoing mail mail office door locked laboratory workshop dental office procedures require preparation completion patient mouth procedures directly related welfare patient laboratory scrupulously clean part dental office
dental operations performed visibility results field operation isolated completely dry cotton rolls cotton roll holders kinds commonly purpose addition low pressure evacuators saliva ejectors ideal method achieving applying rubber dam teeth operation rubber dam supplied precut squares roll inches wide light dark color dam comes thicknesses coated lightly talc prevent sticking piece rubber dam approximately inches length cut roll rubber dam punch series small holes piece holes teeth mesial operation distal present position holes corresponds spot center occlusal incisal surface teeth involved relative position hole holes punched complete set sixteen teeth arch exactly curve arch rubber dam template guide positioning holes sufficient experience gained rubber dam lubricated lightly vaseline punched hole aid slipping rubber dam tooth
read summary find comments clear helpful review section chapter try answer questions workbook chapter dental instruments vary size shape minute differences important learn recognize fine points help dentist anticipate need correct instrument ready cutting instruments sharp blades designed left side preparation instruments expensive delicate handle care sterilized clean depending mouth basic setup mirror explorer cotton pliers handpieces conventional high speed ultraspeed learn care according instructions type dental burs classified type handpiece shape learn recognize classifications diamond instruments cut harder structures quickly burs open tooth major shaping full crown preparation prophylaxis handpieces cups brushes cleaning teeth mandrels metal shanks fit handpiece disc unmounted stone mounted
dentistry preparation term designate shape dentist makes tooth burs instruments restorative material choice headings pages operative procedures refer preparing tooth receive restoration crown type named instruments required operation surface bracket table cabinet top tray operation begun minimum number drawers need opened instruments found started instruments lying orderly manner surface working end instrument visible amazingly difficult locate instrument lying tangled group handles pointing directions instruments order place side instruments longer required instruments needed step conveniently dentist endeavor orderly manner type operation sequence orderly procedures speed operating easier real assistance chair variations times customary sequence period working variations pattern uniformity
orthodontics specialty dentistry deals prevention correction irregularities teeth malocclusion study models widely orthodontics records progress treatment alginate materials commonly impression material study models detailed specific method shaping model bases articulating models purposes assisting devices casts models reference purposes shown patients possess neat artistic appearance white common color artificial stone making reference casts order reference casts white clean soak coat surfacing material surface coating dried dust finger marks readily wiped construction appliances involves banding material attachments kinds arch wires types soldering equipment welding equipment instruments include contouring bending pliers crown shears band drivers cementing instruments mirrors explorers methods radiographic cephalometry involve processing extraoral film cassettes intensifying screens orthodontic offices orthodontists intraoral extraoral color photography means recording case progress results procedures ray photography organized routine procedure positioning controlled purposes accurately repeating views
hydrocolloid prepared advance appointment hydrocolloid conditioner purpose preparation completed advance appointment wish mechanism designed purpose hydrocolloid ready indefinite period hydrocolloid prepared exactly according directions specific brand office surgident impression material hydrocolloid supplied plastic jacket skin wiener material original jacket hydrocolloid conditioner preparation surgident completely submerged water fluid takes approximately twelve minutes material jacket storage bath temperature liquid ten hours warmed tray filled material directly storage bath filled tray immersed ten fifteen minutes final tempering bath placing patient mouth surgident instructions impression rinsed water removal patient mouth immediately poured delay pouring impression submerged surgident control solution plain distilled water poured soon
statement verb agree person number subject covers sentences situations require special attention compound subjects collective nouns subjects situations compound subjects generally require plural verbs ms rodriguez miss wilkins excellent candidates expect promoted soon alert compound subject comes verb vice president legal counsellors conference compound subjects formed coordinating conjunction connectors studied unit section expressions addition including form compound subjects occurence require plural verbs carr answer questions ms forbes addition miss gonzales walters leaves miami tomorrow mind nouns occurring prepositional phrases influence form verb factory employees busy place subject sentence factory requires singular verb employees object preposition influence form verb factory plural noun form verb change factories employees busy places compound subjects generally require plural verbs situations compound subjects require singular verbs
electricity truly amazing appreciate benefits think minute electricity imagine lights radio stereo television motion pictures able drive car things operate exist help electricity helps heat home winter air condition summer clothes wear products electric sewing machines giant electrically powered machinery cloth newspapers magazines books printed presses operated electricity electrical devices hospitals laboratories research centers consider electrical gear designed rocket dull electricity benefits obtain electricity lot driving car able repair goes wrong order enjoy conveniences turn light home flick switch start car turn switch ignition key light home car fails start call specialist repair expert service technician enjoy benefits light car subject easier perform service problem arises
text shown things build projects illustrated circuit drawings photographs give idea finished job looks projects asked build require probes tests buy set probes probes nails wires soldered thing cast plastic insulate tips hold probes hand fear electric shock plastic tubing insulation casting plastic simple ideas projects economical build bought materials electronics store fun build learn works happens project easier fixing earlier told facts electrons took powerful electron microscope able electrons microscopes expensive school buy try explain text illustration electrons simplest atoms helium atom helium atom electrons negatively charged particles orbit center atom known nucleus
north pole compass needle north seeking pole experiment hold compass level watch needle find pole needle labeled north align general direction north geographic pole unlike poles attract compass needle pointing south magnetic pole earth north pole south pole relationship confusing today accepted terminology magnetic north attracts north seeking pole compass needle fig help clarify point explanation seen earth giant magnet major problem theory magnetic poles line geographic poles depending live earth magnetic pole east west true north pole united states living narrow band shown fig compasses point geographic magnetic poles reading living west band compasses point east true north pole difference geographic magnetic poles called magnetic declination saying difference exists poles magnetic declination important fact airplane pilots fail corrections reading navigational instruments find airfield land planes
reading previous chapters words amps resistance power watts introduced words important study electrical circuits chapter titled ohm law ohm person discovered amps resistance power watts tied mathematically george simon ohm german scientist found simple method figuring values known numbers arrange numbers find case simply multiply find arrange numbers able find divide find answer case result ohm law easy ohm law elements voltage current resistance able formula finding say voltage circuit equal current multiplied resistance formula voltage current resistance common practice substitute letters words formulas word voltage letter current replaced letter resistance replaced letter formula
considered happens human body involved electricity fig shows electrician typical job circuit testing mistake killed electrocuted quick reply maybe able answer question properly things known person body giant resistor measure body resistance hand hand hold ohmmeter probes shown fig compare reading find amount body resistance fall range ohms reason differ weights heights size bones body chemistry factors words exactly alike measure body resistance hot summer measure cool readings caused fact perspire body resistance prove wetting fingers measuring body resistance note reading lower measure body resistance holding probe loosely thumb forefinger reading squeezing hard difference readings reason results squeezing places larger amount surface area skin contact probes
plug extension cord receptacle unwind cord need bring multiple outlet box job wish stand wheels multiple outlet box roll outlet box stand job addition drill hole corner stand install short wooden dowels wrap cord dowels order study voltages look circuits earlier chapter shown fig volt power source ohm resistor measure voltage source voltmeter shown fig read volts connect meter resistor illustration read volts remember mentioned wiring test circuits resistance add resistor circuit start note voltmeters connected circuit points voltage power source reads volts voltmeters connected resistors equal sum voltages equal reading voltmeter connected power source voltage drop voltage measured resistor circuit shown fig volt power source ohm resistors
modern multimeters protected built overload device try voltage reading selector switch ohms position reset button front meter pop push reset button meter ready case disconnect power source circuit connecting ohmmeter multimeter multimeter put range selector switch highest voltage position position meter precaution dry cells circuit longer dry cells inside ohmmeter multimeter begin age set pot adjusted finally point meter zeroed happens replace dry cells inside meter readings wrong remember voms look alike familiar makes look kinds measurements note multimeter range selector switch adjustment function switches meters discussed coils part construction coils resistance want sure coil resistance affect meter readings meter movements lowest full scale current ratings called sensitive pointer move small amounts current flowing meter
studied ohm law chapter learned electrical current flowed direction electrons left negative post battery flowed circuit returned positive post battery called direct current dc electricity chapter going deal alternating current ac electricity basically alternating current current reverses direction flow regular intervals fig technician looking sine wave oscilloscope screen sine wave wave form single frequency alternating current scope instrument pick traces charged particles moving high rate speed particles reverse motion imagine pair magnets shown fig dotted lines magnetic field poles magnets pass piece wire quickly field wire cuts lines force current induced wire point say induced means created wire induction principle explained later text order understand shown fig important points remember voltage induced wire wire cuts lines force
peak peak peak voltage current important study electronic devices diodes rectifiers transistors devices overloaded easily peak voltage diode burned fraction fast fuse rated amp fig ac voltage peak amplitude volts note voltage reaches volts cycle note volts occurs cycle symbol commonly ac power supply fig want build simple project demagnetize screwdrivers drill bits metal parts easily simple coil wire salvage coils disassembling motor build demagnetizer wrap turns coated wire form splice solder ends wire wires ac lamp cord wrap entire coil plastic tape plug lamp cord receptacle put demagnetizer operation demagnetize object simply pass coil magnetic field produced coil mix pattern electrons metal object causing demagnetized
chapter look behavior inductors ac circuit order find inductors effect ac current set circuit shown fig need volt battery switch test lamp inductor connecting wiring circuit assembled close switch watch test lamp note slight pause lamp lights full brilliance surprising studies chapter inductor oppose change current current reaches maximum determined resistance bulb inductor longer affect current bulb glow full brightness replace volt battery volt ac source rms ac wave volts expect bulb glow brightly close switch note light bright inductor offer resistance alternating current opposition offered inductors alternating current flow called inductive reactance important part study electronics amount reactance inductor presents ac depends factors inductance inductor frequency alternating current voltage applied inductor symbol inductive reactance xl
studied main components parts electrical electronic circuits resistor inductor main component want cover depth capacitor recall studied capacitor construction typical applications chapter found capacitor device stores electrons needed circuit capacitor installed type capacitor metal plates separated layer air connect capacitor dc circuit battery force electrons plates excess electrons plate electrons plate repelled flow positive pole battery electrons pile plate repel electrons plate electric field set plates finally voltage capacitor equal battery voltage current flow battery stop capacitor circuit energy gained battery remain stored electric field capacitor point capacitor charged battery moved electric charges plate larger plates room electrons plate plates brought closer electrons greater repelling effect electrons opposite plate charge built
chapter looked lcr circuits found tuning circuits radios tuning ways lcr circuits chapter close study lcr circuits filter unwanted frequencies circuit shown fig series lcr circuit experiment interesting chart circuit voltage millivolt frequencies applied results experiment worked fig chart resonant frequency circuit khz note resonant frequency impedance circuit minimum equal resistance circuit resonance voltage inductor capacitor maximum fig shows current circuit frequency curve fig voltage inductor illustrates maximum voltage resonant frequency circuit small voltages frequencies resonant frequency information want look signals frequency choose proper values inductance capacitance order circuit resonate frequency desire
ways help reduce pulsing action ripple wire capacitor parallel load serves filter capacitor charge half cycle pulse dc pass load half cycle diode conduct electrons capacitor falling capacitor discharge half cycle load sees continued flow electrons direction half cycle flow electrons capacitor run half cycle begins remember needed capacitor discharge rc constants starts discharge charging action follow keeping capacitor fully charged charging discharging actions capacitor result wave similar shown fig note output power supply higher capacitor capacitor takes pulsing results diode ripple eliminate type power supply reduce power supply output ripple install transformer center tap add diode half cycle path shown fig
inside crt groups deflection plates deflection plates trace move screen recall electron negative charge electron beam stream electrons electrons electron gun small end tube forced travel length tube screen tube big glass envelope vacuum inside beam travels tube pass sets deflection plates remember unlike charges attract negatively charged electron beam passes set plates attracted plates positive charge high speed beam move deflected positive plate beam bent amount deflection depends directly amount voltage put plates small voltage deflection small large voltage large deflection set plates vertical deflection plates move beam screen set plates horizontal deflection plates beam move sideways screen turn horizontal vertical centering dials scope move beam adjusting control stop beam appearing face crt
think job opportunities electricity electronics field changing fast consider main reason jobs field electricity electronics resulted demands need store large amounts information later recall led development computers countries wanted warned storms prevent disasters longer wanted mercy weather knew advance coming hurricane tornado lives saved weather satellites provide early warning information stop think need created jobs research development communications jobs electricity electronics generally broken areas career opportunities construction workers maintenance workers technicians engineers supervisors jobs need start preparing early electricity electronics higher paying jobs area opportunity look construction includes workers build hundreds items everyday wiring homes factories schools electricity grown depend everyday living construction workers skills sure wiring safely installed
kinds equipment respond average electric signal presented dc motor rotate voltage applied nonzero average electronic equipment amplifiers requires dc source energy provide operating power course familiar fact commonly electricity massproduced hz volt rms sine wave taking average sine wave negative positive average present form able power dc motor serve power source operation electronic equipment order provide needs dc motor electronic equipment designer battery operation provide circuitry operate readily ac signal produce waveshape average nonzero quantity convert sine wave fig waveshape average remove portion horizontal axis retain portion horizontal axis vice versa waveshape average implement hardware thought provide switch closed half cycle open remaining half cycle
problem develop scheme reducing fluctuation output half wave full wave rectifier circuit approaches desired flat output device needed capable storing electric energy portion cycle returning portion cycle capacitor doubt ability capacitor store electric energy temporarily return consider safety rule requires capacitors discharged handled circuit deenergized reason safety rule circuit energized capacitors storing energy let investigate effect placing capacitor output rectifier circuit positive half cycle circuit energized capacitor forced charge peak voltage transformer secondary current charging capacitor flowing transformer secondary voltage decreases peak diode reverse biased capacitor unable discharge maintaining voltage impressed load attached output terminals circuit fig path exists discharging capacitor desired nonfluctuating output voltage magnitude dc voltage level equal peak transformer secondary voltage
key question unanswered choose proper sized capacitor function filter power supply obviously answer largest capacitor eliminate ripple completely larger capacitor ripple removed ask minimum sized capacitor order limit ripple factor maximum permitted design requirements let begin study problem analyzing waveshapes shown fig approximation rc discharge portion output curve straight line based assumption constant involved compared portion discharge curve part output waveshape assumption extension discharge curve intercept horizontal axis portion equal rc constant elapsed recall slope rc discharge curve discharge begins attempt discharge capacitor constant approximation elapsed peak output wave point discharge curve intercepts half cycle sine wave equal fraction frequency ripple ripple period
operation amplifier limited load line points operation lie load line load line represents operating restrictions amplifier components active device output circuit amplifier points operation load line mandatory load line completely permissible operating region maximum power dissipation curve extreme position load line tangent maximum power dissipation curve cases circuit designers limited power supply voltage determine load resistance suits requirements amplifier function perform type design problem designers limit choice load resistance larger determined load line tangent maximum power dissipation curve minimum resistance allowed load resistor load line tangent maximum power dissipation curve characteristic curves load line determining output signal amplifier input signal known points operation lie load line varying input signal operating point move load line
previous chapter bias current required transistor supplied source independent collector supply obviously inconvenient expensive design collector supply present number schemes developed discussed chapter key feature makes schemes effect stability amplifier term stability refers ability circuit maintain quiescent operating point adverse operating conditions replacement active device reason additional concern stability transistor amplifiers vacuum tube amplifier extreme sensitivity transistors environment greater variation operating characteristics sample transistor type major concern designing transistor amplifiers effect temperature quiescent base collector currents effect troubles designer known thermal runaway small rise temperature increase base current increase base current amplified increase collector current turn increase temperature precautions prevent process continues repeat possibly transistor destroyed exceeding maximum permissible temperature heat major enemy transistor transistors special finned mounting plates carry excessive heat develops normal anticipated operating conditions
past chapters characteristic curves describe manner active devices functioning shown active devices type designations tube transistor numbers characteristic curves obvious order consider active device circuit design designer operating characteristics active device characteristic curves method obtaining required information consider case designer wishes response amplifier tiny signal input signal designer considering shows merely pinpoint characteristic curves curves drawn larger input signals consideration manufacturers provide additional information form small signal parameters small signal parameters describe functioning active device device operating linear portion characteristics linear portion characteristics meant portion curves considered equally spaced straight lines amount operating region deviates requirements determines amount results obtained parameters differs obtained direct curves small signal parameters vacuum tubes dynamic plate resistance rp amplification factor mu transconductance gm
interesting important effect noticed rc coupled amplifier presented input sine wave signal amplitude constant frequency varied found output signal remains constant wide range frequencies falls amplitude high frequencies low frequencies plot amplitude frequency looks curve shown fig note horizontal axis plotted log frequency frequency order large span frequency paper losing details present lower portion curve curve fig known frequency response curve amplifier reason amplifier straight horizontal line frequency response curve discussed point capacitor encountered circuit reason found disregarding considering short open circuit depending discussing ac dc conditions impedance capacitor disregarded frequency varying impedance coupling capacitors unexpected roll low end frequency spectrum explained shortly roll high frequencies due capacitor impedance varying frequency capacitances variety coupling capacitor
choosing amplifier job important frequencies gain longer independent frequency phonograph system amplifier frequency response curve gain rolls drastically khz khz inadequate human hearing range hz khz frequencies gain roll occurs khz hz study capacitor coupled vacuum tube amplifier capacitances shown order determine frequency response curve figure diagram triode amplifier capacitances shown points interest fully explained connections input signal source connection load begin recognized according theorem terminal linear device represented ideal voltage source series impedance simple case resistance signal input shown originating source represented voltage generator series resistance rs represents output impedance source generator attempt find low pass high pass circuits amplifier care include resistances capacitances capacitance cx included output circuit represent capacitance external load
course thoughts frequency response relate fact amplifier produce expected gain data midfrequency range amplifier cutoff points sophisticated outlook realize amplifier midfrequency region wide produce distortion changed waveshape nonsinusoidal waveforms understand basic understanding fourier theorem states repetitive wave matter complex addition sine waves complex wave considered composed number sine waves complex waveshape presented amplifier limited midfrequency range sine wave components frequency falls midfrequency range amplified fall midfrequency range output waveshape proportional composition sine waves waveshape input fidelity signal amplifier presented maintained presents problem reproduction music consider complex signal generated orchestra amplifier adequate midfrequency bandwidth music coming loudspeakers phonograph music orchestra produced designing high fidelity equipment attempt maintain midfrequency band broad cover hz khz range human hearing range
word turning quantitative study kinds distortion deal later chapter present limit discussion kind distortion referred amplitude distortion amplitude distortion caused driving active device nonlinear region type distortion discussing chapter seen type operation produces sine waves frequencies frequencies harmonics amplitude distortion called harmonic distortion studies book important refer actual values discussion let begin quantitative analysis distortion describe degrees distortion enable compare amplifiers start pure sine wave input amplifier compare peak harmonics introduced represent peak fundamental component output waveshape peak harmonic represent dc level introduced due distortion prepared tackle mathematics involved shown max max maximum values distorted waveshape iq vq quiescent values current voltage amplifier signal present
browsing literature manufacturers publish describe transistors find transistors classified power transistors let examine literature ways power transistors differ classified consider power transistor collector curves input curve transistor shown fig obvious expected observation currents collector base emitter order magnitude higher transistors reasonable consider primary function power transistor deliver power final load let investigate hie power transistor fig input resistance transistor designed common emitter transistor amplifier recalling technique previous chapters write hie low hie typical power transistors power transistors expect hie order unusually low hie power transistors raises havoc preceding amplifier stage drives presents previous stage load resistance looks short circuit compared high output resistance previous stage order tens kilohms recalling voltage gain formula realizing voltage gain previous stage dependent input resistance stage situation tolerated major function previous stage produce voltage gain
addition shown percent distortion feedback related percent distortion feedback ab percent distortion feedback percent distortion feedback note feedback reduce distortion denominator equation greater occurs product ab negative order distortion reduced opposite sign refer voltage gain formula ab note effect gain system negative find voltage gain reduced reason product negative say introduced negative degenerative feedback product ab referred loop gain feedback factor loop gain ab negative portion output fed input phase input signal note loop gain ab positive case say dealing positive regenerative feedback portion output returned input phase input signal fig shown possibilities signs note phase relationships waveforms
astable multivibrator stable states stable states bistable multivibrator stable states stable states let consider circuit stable stable circuit behave functionally left transistor cut saturated cut saturated appearance properly applied trigger pulse circuit shift astable condition remain fixed return stable amount remain astable determined astable multivibrator component values circuit look obviously look half bistable circuit attached half astable multivibrator amount spent stable condition equal circuit circuit produces single pulse fixed duration response trigger signal establish fixed intervals reshaping pulses frequently knocking circuits pulse loses shape want bring perfect shape vertical edges fixed interval distorted pulse input monostable multivibrator fresh pulse caused
materials respond differently voltage applied materials respond allowing large current flow materials respond permitting small negligible amount current flow materials respond allowing large current flow called conductors allow current flow called insulators nonconductors materials conductors copper silver aluminum metals examining periodic table chemical elements find elements conductors valence conductors fewer electrons outermost ring elements electrons outermost ring found insulators nonconductors mechanism metals conduct electricity voltage applied related fact element fewer electrons outermost ring holds electrons loose manner held loosely effect exists cloud free electrons move influence electric field set voltage source elements electrons outermost ring hold outer shell electrons tightly free move influence applied electric field obvious discussion elements electrons outermost shell deliberately avoided
mechanism avalanche breakdown occurs free electrons gain energy moving influence high reverse potential striking electron free bonds holding parent atom occurs current carriers original electron hole electron pair originally electron newly freed original electrons move influence high potential repeat action snowballing avalanche occurs free current carriers current limited safe external resistance circuit diode undamaged continue type service indefinitely zener breakdown caused high field emission zener breakdown occurs voltage applied reverse bias direction produce forces rip electrons lattice structure making free hole electron pairs zener breakdown credit low voltage breakdown effects idea erroneous avalanche effect mechanism lower voltage breakdowns frequently high voltages occur simultaneously symbol diodes intended function zener diodes avalanche zener shown fig diode operated rectifier breakdown region avoided manufacturers piv peak inverse voltage percent breakdown voltage
plaque control program organized system teaching patients care teeth supporting tissues dental visits programs primary objectives patients understand trying achieve understand accomplish goal finally patients motivated continue pursue goal regardless environmental social influences tend give ship organization primary key successfully implementing plaque control program dental staff participates program clearly understand objectives accomplish dental assistant fast principal participant plaque control programs organization required operating teaching program type includes consideration office space appointment scheduling needed materials considerations fundamental operational standpoint organizational considerations relate actual teaching method motivating patients reach objectives program plaque control program suggests utilization tried true teaching principles present material small increments engage patient active participation give patient knowledge results immediately structure pacing program individual patient essentially teaching principles telling teacher bombard patient information learned patient actively participate accomplishing tasks assigned
instructional phase plaque control program specific technique brushing teeth taught individual patient needs guidelines toothbrushing method remove plaque teeth harm patient tissues methods select method works patient teaching starting point patient demonstrate method presently evaluate method disclosing agent examination determine patient effectiveness key areas missed cervical areas interproximal regions especially true lingual surfaces teeth posterior teeth final judgment effectiveness toothbrushing technique looking anterior teeth areas easiest reach cared accessible areas mouth intelligent approach proper oral hygiene instruction recognize patients possess ability adequately care teeth unusual discover patients meet guidelines previously mentioned remove plaque teeth harming tissues patients need instruction encouraged method continued success group patients accomplish plaque removal fairly skipping areas
electric toothbrushes need study final conclusions drawn effectiveness generally speaking presently brushes meets bass criteria design movement required cervical cleaning generalizations regarding electric toothbrushes extremely valuable aid maintaining oral hygiene patients adequately operate manual toothbrush patients include physically handicapped young children elderly patients mentally handicapped patients patients maintain oral hygiene higher degree electric brush manual brush harm oral tissues electric brush studies case group patients mentioned previously agents marketed presently conjunction toothbrush clean teeth selecting agents purpose clearly mind toothpastes toothpowders toothpolishes aids process toothbrushing flavoring agents dentifrice tooth brushing pleasant experience action bristles toothbrush surface teeth principal factor cleaning teeth mild abrasive dentifrice certainly assists cleaning process useless proper toothbrushing methods generally speaking dentists prefer patients select dentifrice low abrasive effect tooth surface effective topical fluoride efficient person toothbrush clean approximately proximal surface area brush
popular methods commonly hold oral evacuator thumb nose grasp modified pen grasp methods give assistant positive control evacuator tip essential safety patient remember secondary function evacuator tip act retractor soft tissues mouth retraction requires firm grip evacuator assistants switch grasps depending resistance tissues retraction thumb nose method positive grasp leverage retraction needed thumb nose derived fact assistant thumb pointing nose holds evacuator assistant holds evacuator hand assisting handed dentist left hand assisting left handed dentist discussion assumes dentist handed dentist preparing tooth ultraspeed handpiece constant spray water emitted cool tooth oral evacuator remove water immediately maintain clear field vision dentist basic rules effectively remove water coolant grasps dentist indirect vision mirror suction tip retract soft tissue avoid trapping mirror evacuator
dental procedures involve cutting painful manipulation living tissue painful stimulus procedures patient determined need anesthesia dentistry anesthesia loss sensation feeling body part drugs produce temporary anesthesia body drugs classified general anesthetics local anesthetics general anesthetic temporarily alters central nervous system sensation lost entire body patient unconscious influence general anesthetics local anesthetics temporarily prevent conduction sensory impulses pain touch thermal change body part nerve pathways brain selected regions body lose sensation local anesthesia patients remain conscious influence local anesthetic agents exception surgical operative procedures local anesthesia commonly dentistry general anesthesia local anesthetics direct contact nerve fibers carrying sensory impulse brain tiny nerve endings pick sensations tissues special type local anesthetic acts tiny nerve endings located surface skin mucosa called topical anesthetic topical anesthetics eliminate sensation surface tissues skin especially mucosa sunburn lotion topical anesthetic temporarily eliminates discomfort sunburn
oldest popular isolation methods cotton roll method simple rapid isolate operative field means reliable isolation method cotton roll method prevent patient inadvertently contaminating operative field swallowing curious tongue method prevent debris operative procedure dropping throat area tongue hand rubber dam isolation technique provide ideal isolation respects typical cotton roll isolation setup operating maxillary arch accomplished placing sized cotton roll mucobuccal mucolabial area region teeth treated sizes cotton rolls wrapped cotton thread prevent sticking mucosa removed noted dry cotton rolls moistened water syringe removed prevents cotton roll pulling delicate epithelial covering mucosa referred cotton roll burn mandibular arch requires gadgetry isolate posterior teeth presence tongue pooling saliva floor mouth honored method cotton roll holders place cotton roll buccal lingual aspect arch
amalgam condenser instrument flat surface working end press amalgam cavity walls floors automatic hand operated condensers hand instruments popular double ended end smaller hand condensers styles sizes dentists prefer begin condensation small condenser preparation half thirds full remaining additions amalgam material condensed larger condenser ensures excellent adaptation restorative material cavity walls retentive areas dentist favorite amalgam carvers popular designs shown fig generally carvers divided categories occlusal smooth surface carvers ward carver smooth surface carver narrow blade dentists contour smooth surface aspects amalgam restoration readily spoon carvers facilitate carving occlusal aspect restoration design permits easier establishment cusp inclines occlusal grooves fossae restoration anatomic burnishers smooth tipped hand instruments smooth enhance occlusal anatomy amalgam restoration immediately carving phase dentist chooses employ mandatory procedure amalgamator machine mixes mercury silver alloy produce amalgam
forms pure golds purchased semicohesive surface contaminant gold prevent sticking container surface contaminant volatile substance ammonia removed heating gold prior insertion prepared cavity removal surface contaminant called annealing wide variety multiangled chisels angle formers prepare cohesive gold cavities generally preparations small inaccessible standard hand cutting instruments creation special cutting instruments cohesive gold dentist gain access preparation refinements achieved hand instruments cohesive gold inserted prepared cavity condensed pressed position cohesive gold condenser basic types purpose hand condensers spring activated automatic condensers electric mallet condensers cohesive gold condensed vigorously ensure coherence piece gold strain harden gold hand condensing limited additions gold control initial insertion remainder gold condensed electric condenser spring activated condenser devices assortment condenser points attached fit area mouth automatic devices condensation easier dentist create higher quality restoration patient
hand scrubbing merely scrubbing instruments finger nail style brush running water instruments cleaned laborious task lot instruments need processed ultrasonic cleaner efficient clean instruments device open bath cleaning solution vibrated high frequency action vibrating solution virtually shakes debris surface instruments sizes handle amounts instruments ultrasonic cleaner timer automatically turns machine end cycle device purposes step instrument processing solutions removing cement gypsum materials stains gold castings dental appliances common method disinfect instruments immerse bath germicidal solution bulky equipment disinfected scrubbing surface germicide soaked gauze sponges effectiveness solutions depends cleanliness instrument smoothness instrument surface concentration solution organisms exposed chemical calls precleaning instruments proper mixing germicidal solution allowing adequate instruments remain bath superiority heat sterilization chemical disinfection destroying viruses spores resistant bacteria instruments sterilized heat methods chemically disinfected
teeth restored crowns significantly altered result fracture extensive caries large worn operative restorations preparation crown bridge dentist judgment remaining tooth structure sufficient retain restoration cases insufficient natural tooth structure retentive core preparing tooth crown retentive core amalgam composite material gold form post composite amalgam cores fabricated pin retained amalgam technique chapter composite popular core strong lacks thermoconductivity sets quickly composite core achieves maximum hardness quickly crown preparation immediately placement composite amalgam cores require separate appointment construction core slow setting amalgam pin retained cores teeth live pulp tooth endodontic treatment dentist option pin retained core cast gold post cast gold post fits hollow root portion tooth cemented place retentive core post tooth prepared core actually tooth structure
fixed bridge favorable replace missing teeth abutment teeth strong supported alveolar bone restorations comfortable esthetic removable partial denture purpose esthetics need bridge based fact teeth mouth depend presence adjacent opposing teeth maintain proper position dentition tooth lost surrounding teeth drift position tooth opposing empty space overerupt extrude space result phenomenon teeth tipped position undesirable effects patient loses biting function missing tooth abutment teeth efficient chewing contact opposing teeth properly biting relationship teeth changed abnormal chewing patterns result injury temporomandibular joint malaligned teeth trigger clenching tooth grinding habits bruxism habits injure temporomandibular joint muscle spasms muscles mastication teeth tipped resist forces upright biting forces tipped tooth tip farther abnormal force applied tipped teeth loss bone support tooth resulting eventual loss
diagnostic procedures chapter periodontics specific information dentist looking regard periodontal status discussed patient medical dental history reveal systemic conditions chronic illness nutritional deficiencies personal habits influence progress periodontal disease treatment dental portion history valuable information regarding dental status patient frequency brushing flossing dental prophylaxis procedures indication patient effort prevent periodontal disease knowledge missing teeth dates extractions orthodontic treatment restorative procedures dentist history reveal patient important attitude preservation teeth successful periodontal treatment depends greatly positive attitude patient visual inspection gingiva essential detect inflammatory process color shape gingival tissue critical diagnosis palpation gingiva side explorer reveal texture density tissue periodontal probing essential diagnose existence periodontal pockets probe thin device measure depth gingival crevice determine relationship epithelial attachment enamel junction style probe marked increments mm tip shank instrument
tissue removed patient pathology laboratory analysis sample tissue carefully handled tissue forceps immediately container formalin solution times volume specimen container ensure proper preservation formalin obtained local pharmacy suitable tight sealing bottles specimen bottle labeled information stick label patient patient address patient age date biopsy short biopsy report included specimen report include information patient patient age description lesion size shape location color history lesion present enlargement pain tentative diagnosis dentist impression disease small sketch lesion helpful pathologist clarify description location specimen bottle biopsy report carefully packed laboratory immediately laboratory return report pathologist findings completion analysis biopsy specimen exodontia area dental practice deals removal extraction teeth modern dental practice geared preservation teeth fact remains remove teeth circumstances part treatment planning extractions thought end result severe dental caries periodontal disease tooth fracture
prosthesis artificial body part artificial limbs eyes heart valves teeth examples common prosthetic devices strictest sense type dental restoration prosthesis common usage term prosthodontics prosthetics dentistry refers area dental practice deals extensive reconstruction existing teeth replacement missing teeth dental restorations appliances generally speaking operative restorations considered part prosthodontics prosthodontics broad term encompasses crown bridge procedures fixed prosthodontics complete partial denture services removable prosthodontics tendency dentists group dental services operative dentistry restorative dentistry crown bridge procedures prosthodontics denture services purposes discussion chapter term prosthodontics describe fabrication removable prosthetic appliances complete partial denture utilization chairside assistants area removable prosthodontic services developed areas dental practice due fact constant hands prosthetic appointment unnecessary assistant role prosthodontics primarily limited operatory preparation laboratory duties preparation impression materials prosthetic dentistry require lot instrument exchanges constant oral evacuation dental services general understanding denture construction clinical dental assistant appointments surgical restorative services laboratory phases coordinated properly
complete partial denture worn period common edentulous ridge undergo generalized reduction size shrinkage due initial healing ridges later reduction occurs response excessive force dentures regardless edentulous ridge reduction problem results denture longer fits ridge technique compensate ridge reduction developed dentist add acrylic tissue surface denture base called relining denture placing layer lining acrylic inside denture dentist readapts denture smaller ridges improving fit remaking entire denture basic methods reline complete partial denture chairside reline laboratory processed reline chairside reline common referring technique dentist add acrylic lining denture chairside procedure laboratory phase advantage technique entire procedure accomplished appointment patient denture period disadvantage procedure lining generally durable achieved laboratory processed lining materials denture relined removed tissue surface denture base roughened acrylic grindstone tissue surface denture base cleaned minutes ultrasonic cleaner
bert left sail shop fishing perch shirley dock bert counted sound boats dock boat didn look sound needed paint nails sticking side boat deck dirty house shirley loudly wait sail boat turkey bert shirley fair bert swell home bert dragged chain board boat sail shirley run main sail main sail bert asked shirley slapped big mast run thing bert climb thing don run mast shirley run sail mast show bert stood sure boat began turn sea soon boat open sea bobbing surf bert began feel sick shirley singing perched chair main sail boat churned path surf shirley shouted bert grab container start bailing hold filled water bert
bert beach yelling boat grounded dock surfer picked surfboard turned shirley trip real treat front surfboard collapsed fell deck left holding surfboard hey fair surfing broken board shirley slapped re born fish shouted stick big flounders bert spit sand mouth yelled going going sail shop clerk sailor shirley place sound surf ears dig surfer bert yelled feel ground feet sick surf stand boats termites surfer tossed broken surfboard beach grabbed fishing pole cast beach instant pulled big fish fishing lot fun swung fish deck cast jerked pole pulled fish shirley grabbed fish looked shad exclaimed shad
mustard jar experts staring huge pile mustard jar squirted ground spy chaser say believe mustard jar investigations mustard jar wow maybe spy spy chaser stroked chin hand poked jar device strange observed built jar hide watch look dog mustard jar stubby knees grew tail began wag spy chaser began laugh green hills valleys asked laughing hard fell mustard jar tail believe grabbed belly bent big hee haw laugh stood breath seen unusual imagine looking wall yellow mustard flying fast barely hold breath close eyes wall goop hits bloop spy chaser wasn laughing eyes peered pile yellow mustard kind device demanded
bruce woke believe saw wasn sleeping soft bed wasn bedroom listening humming air conditioner fact wasn house sandy beach fifteen meters sat ocean gentle waves curling beach groves tall trees bananas coconuts beneath trees hear sound jungle birds canopy green unbelievable bruce pinched arm trees sand ocean exciting sounds believe bruce stood wearing pair shorts footprints sand walked slowly beach stopping times look crabs seashells felt warm morning breeze face hope true thought hope true bruce wanted jump yell yippee wanted turn somersaults sand mind thinking maybe happening don hopes bruce stopped edge water swirled hand licked fingers salty water salty water ocean water
morning wind blowing hard bruce sat shelter waiting wind die began rethink things happening concluded need things stay alive need air warmth water food things die don want die build change surroundings don warmth stay warm don water give water bruce looked hear wind howling shiver listening remained shelter began think thought air warmth water food survival problems survival problem problem solve problem water problem food problem solve water problem water problem water problem air problem obviously solve air problem air problem centa door shelter looked think wind dying reported
stone blank side showing meant group build boat unfortunately stone casting women going build boat don care stone says centa agreed let stone decide bruce thinking laws city lived traffic laws laws business laws protected property island laws bruce law group makes decisions law told person person rights group rights individuals wanted hurt group changed mind woman bruce live change mind things decided kill animals hurt rest couldn let decided clothes wouldn fair person let choice going stop woman asked bruce rest enforce rules fair woman replied bruce fair break agreements
twelve triceratops eggs buried sand cliff hatch tekla squirmed free egg dug surface looked felt warmth hunger mouth filled sand moved tongue trying spit foul tasting sand tekla mother didn learn walk unlike mammals programed walk moment born programed search food fight fear animals faintly realize triceratops animals roamed plain felt comfortable triceratops animals grazing animals keen sense smell sharp vision trying remove sand mouth rolled hot sand felt looked sun white blazing sun felt suddenly tekla sensed danger instinctively scrambled feet faced wind danger danger screamed inside danger put head stood motionless muscles taut heavy elephantlike feet planted firmly sand looking straight ahead grazing animals designed differently predators
fight tekla instincts told fight fear tekla charged tyrannosaur jaws firmly planted male male trying turn face tyrannosaur tyrannosaur firm hold tekla lowered head charged strength dinosaurs legs bigger powerful front legs pushed hard soft ground water hole footprints half meter deep pushed strength faster move faster instincts told large horns struck tyrannosaur side broke tyrannosaur lowest rib entered side belly horns full length tekla hit tyrannosaur hard ground shook tyrannosaur released grip young male let shrill roar fell kicking wildly triceratops charged water hole quickly tyrannosaur fallen stood wildly flailing tail jumping huge kangaroo tekla stood ground head tyrannosaur lowered head strike tekla neck charged planting large horns tyrannosaur soft belly triceratops water hole charged forward side tyrannosaur
dr milly jacobson twenty professor physics university tall intelligent attractive friendly playing tennis bowling shooting pool fault constantly played jokes professors jokes corny irritating involved laboratory dr fred frankle freddy fred frankle replied letters spell fred frankle replied person wrote stories tom sawyer twain fred replied milly say answers gave fred thought moment twain milly began laugh tomorrow teach say locomotive fred shook head disgustedly milly don tired playing corny jokes sorry milly walking laser machine help began laugh twain softly abruptly stopped smiling faced fred hear robbery campus morning clothespins held pair pants milly began laugh milly fred
stories told snakes true false question speed black mamba africa fastest snake reports move faster horse untrue experts believe poisonous snake grows feet meters glide short distance miles kilometers hour fast run size speed capable slithering walls high feet meters longest heaviest snakes poisonous constrictor snakes kill victims coiling crushing longest snake found south american anaconda feet meters length full sized cars parked end end monster weighed pounds kilograms able crush prey force tons metric tons poisonous snakes ocean land found australia poisonous snakes sea snake lives reefs australia strikes victim spits venom poison kill hundred sheep aggressive skindivers reefs careful save diver bitten sea snake poisonous land snake tiger snake lives islands australia
today species african animals danger extinct lion hunt parts africa found fewer places african animals pattern african elephant african cape buffalo rhinoceros leopard reduced numbers extinct ago wild animals parts africa living areas danger big game hunters welcomed villages wild animals killing residents today think big game hunter kills sport population africa growing trying build farms big game hunters heroes places elephants destroyed crops farmers planted hunted elephants shot places lions killing hunted lions sport big game hunting africa popular arguments big game animals dangerous animals frequently argued elephant lion rhinoceros cape buffalo leopard animal think dangerous hunt reading rest parts series change mind look facts dangerous african animal discuss points african animals
selection discussed cape buffalo dangerous hunter trouble getting range buffalo keen senses cape buffalo efficient killer efficient rhinoceros cape buffalo charge unlike rhinoceros careful charges move faster rhinoceros hunter able dodge cape buffalo change direction quickly horns skull hooves effectively fact cape buffalo hard kill cape buffalo reportedly charged hundred meters bullet heart shot expertly bullet chest kill buffalo instantly bullet kill cape buffalo instantly hunter killed experienced big game hunters agree cape buffalo dangerous animal wounded professional big game hunters lost licenses hunt failed track wounded buffalos brush professional hunter kill animal wound animal wounded professional hunter track brush kill hunters decided lose licenses brush wounded cape buffalo
plates held thumb index finger middle finger upper part plate rim touched prevents fingers getting soup leaving marks plate technique difficult sounds demonstrate try clear table guests finished eating clear table guests eating rude ill mannered making slow diners feel rushed restaurant french service look high turnover give guests chance dine leisurely enjoy service meal serving dessert sure table brushed clean ashtrays brought specialization food service regard problems dish room justly criticized scrape stack separate standard procedures partial scraping stacking separation china glassware silver dining room personnel laborsaving results neater trays side stands cuts breakage noise stack plates front guest clear table completely round going side stand plate unprofessional waste training experience give smoothness precision clearing table characterizes french service remove salt pepper main course cleared needed dessert course
food table according pre arranged plan takes consideration food relationships regular menu selection usual order guest plates salads relishes molded dishes smoked fish cheeses hot vegetables roasts hot entrees sauces dressings garnitures dish accompany mayonnaise salad cranberry sauce turkey large divided wheels turntables relish displays fresh fruits strawberries assortments melon balls wheel large tray sections folded foil serve purpose sufficient variety cold items hot vegetables number hot entrees limited important point keeping food cost number kitchen workers needed duty low cost hot entrees swedish meatballs chicken cacciatore attractively displayed guests fill plates items costly roasts buffet presented phases guest goes cold buffet makes trip hot food full plate salads gelatin molds appetizers reduce amount food guest chooses hot plate low cost hot entrees include international cook tidbits boeuf bourguignonne cheese rarebits shish kebabs thailand chicken seafood cooked mongolian hot pot
wine important food service wine adds profits hotel restaurant sale glass bottle wine adds guest check automatically increasing waiter gratuity important wine enjoyed food adds establishment reputation return recommend place friends causing management staff prosper moderate selling prices wines important problems hospitality field wines spirits put category accountants generally beverage department show profit higher food service erroneous assumption fallacy thinking diner finished drinking aperitifs cocktails ordered meal longer cocktail ready wine wine priced reach diner order establishment loses drink bought anyway loses sale wine proved restaurants hotels moderate profit wines marked increase sale wine astonishing wine actually sold calling attention wine list presented soon finished ordering food
medical treatment modern times greatly expanded range forms therapy include approaches traditionally thought realm medicine holistic approach biofeedback hypnosis relaxation techniques behavior modification common discussed greater detail illness neatly separated physiologic psychologic social cultural categories treated fragmented manner increasing interest health care programs provide support aspects patient holistic health care attempts treat person utilizing coordinated effort health related disciplines health care center based holistic approach staff includes physician nurse minister psychiatrist clinical psychologist social worker receptionist highly skilled interpersonal relationships patients entering clinic interviewed referred staff member patient agrees person help complete assessment physical status physiologic problems dealt physician nurse depending nature problem patient treated according holistic approach actively involved decisions directly affect involved designing carrying program treatment participating level suits capabilities
common important response knowledge ending frustration anger patient longer denies fact dying asks unfair retaliates belligerent uncooperative critical visiting relatives friends irritate visit wrong physician prescribing medicines treatments fact seen patient responsible impending death nurses objects abuse criticism efforts comfort patient rub straightening bed linen met angry outburst surly leave tempted course patient word leave isolated room left devices feel response reciprocal anger patient giving exactly asked responses anger help intend remarks personally anger feels directed person circumstances events control feels helpless dying patient wants express anger rage let say feels cry curse scream needs release pent feelings
planning consider teach help patient learn information needed patient organized logical sequence simple complex try start patient knows lot misinformation confusion proceed acquisition information skills learn skill requiring equipment sure tools hand amount required teaching patient depend needs easily learns reteach patient attempts successful exhausted periods instruction set pace feel free express opinions learns input planning phase instruction extremely valuable nurses hesitate involved patient education think formal setting teaching learning place setting anytime nurse teach foot care diabetic patient bathing teach patient surgery avoid complications inactivity helping bed walk phase involves implementing plan instruction organized expect patient learn
bottle fluid additional medication added iv progress strict surgical asepsis observed danger incompatibility recommended admixing drugs intravenous solution clinical pharmacologist unit solution medication added intravenous set danger introducing bacteria patient blood system site venipuncture watched closely signs inflammation redness swelling heat area reported signs phlebitis elevation body temperature chills bacterial infection iv discontinued tubing clamped tape removed needle catheter gently quickly withdrawn removed vein direction inserted avoiding upward movement traumatize vein tissues dry sterile gauze held site pressure control leakage blood avoid formation hematoma raising patient limb minute drain blood site insertion help prevent leakage blood punctured vein intravenous administration fluids requires safety precautions medication label read times assure correct solution correct patient
preceding units talked problems common wide variety diseases regardless patient medical diagnosis essential fluid electrolyte balance maintained healing promoted adequate circulation blood joint mobility provided infection prevented infectious process halted information earlier chapters intended serve foundation knowledge needed give competent individualized patient care chapters reader frequently encounter references basic information precisely fundamental planning implementation effective nursing care designed meet specific needs patient unit begins discussion surgical patient nursing implications anesthesia surgical procedures commonly performed general hospital recognizing informed patient important recovery informed nurse psychologic preparation patient centers patient education emphasized major area medical surgical nursing caring patients treated malignancy kind cancer single disease malignant growths affect large segment population types cancer treated success detected earliest stages facts mandate knowledge preventive therapeutic measures combatting cancer
systems body likely affected surgical procedures anesthesia respiratory cardiovascular systems discussed problems immobility systems surgical patient risk hazards immobility number reasons assisted encouraged prevent pulmonary stasis thrombosis increased workload heart deep breathing coughing exercises taught preoperative period put action pulmonary complications avoided early ambulation means avoiding number complications patient allowed bed leg exercises depicted figure helpful preventing thrombosis primary reason helping patient restore body organs normal function prevention disabilities promotion healing stress surgery patient needs resources recover pain discomfort interfere rest inhibit processes healing repair narcotic drugs prescribed postoperative patient necessarily pain relieving measure tried narcotics tend depress respirations cough reflex contribute development respiratory problems increase possibility episodes nausea vomiting comfort measures prompt attention patient expresses discomfort asks relief reassuring
addition antitussive expectorant cough mixtures previously mentioned types drugs treatment respiratory disorders antihistamines treat respiratory manifestations allergic disorder reduce secretions nasal bronchial mucosa examples antihistamines include diphenhydramine hydrochloride benadryl helps reduce bronchial spasm chlorpheniramine maleate brompheniramine maleate dimetane bronchodilators drugs act directly smooth muscle bronchi relax relieve bronchospasms bronchodilators aminophylline epinephrine hydrochloride adrenalin vaponefrin isoproterenol hydrochloride isuprel ephedrine sulfate liquefying agents diluents help thin bronchial secretions making liquid tenacious preparations type include sodium ethasulfate tergemist distilled water tyloxapol alevaire helpful controlling infectious agents respiratory tract include tetracyclines penicillin cephalosporin antibiotics cephalothin keflin streptomycin sulfa drugs bronchodilators liquefying agents administered directly mucous membranes respiratory tract means nebulizers mechanical ventilators respiratory passageways constructed air passing nose airways warm moist reaches lower structures respiratory infection interfere normal process humidification inhaled air order provide humidity needed aerosols aerosols fine suspensions small particles liquid solid constitutes gas
despite modern methods treatment tuberculosis threat health united states age especially prevalent communities crowded unsanitary living conditions estimated half active tuberculosis undergoing continued bacteriologic examinations receiving chemotherapy thousands individuals undiagnosed active cases tuberculosis groups pose threat infection tuberculosis infectious disease nursing goals similar diseases type nursing objectives concerned prevention control infectious diseases control spread infectious agent promote immunity infectious diseases support strengthen capacity recovery patient infectious disease pulmonary tuberculosis transmitted principally respiratory tract order control spread disease person patient taught disease spread precautions avoid contamination importance continued treatment periodic evaluation sure source infection aspect infection control identification prompt treatment potential active cases tuberculosis nurse familiar basic classifications tuberculosis earlier chapter vaccine live attenuated bacilli
sickle cell disease broad term include hereditary disorders related presence sickle hemoglobin hemoglobin red blood cells trait carriers sickle cell gene rule symptoms sickle cell anemia sickle cell disease found exclusively blacks found ancestors mediterranean region greeks italians spaniards frenchmen turks north africans middle eastern indian ancestry affected united states sickle cell disease afflicts odds favoring transmission sickle cell anemia genes high nearly percent black population trait carriers reason genetic counseling adequate screening early detection disease considered important control sickle cell anemia figure illustration statistical probabilities transmission stated earlier sickle cell trait disease true sense word person trait anemic symptoms physical stress situations poor oxygenation blood extremely high altitudes percentage oxygen air decreased sickle cell anemia presents variety symptoms beginning
urinary tract infection uti suspected specimen urine culture medium encourage growth bacterial colonies culture plate incubated bacterial colonies counted organisms ml urinary tract infection likely contamination specimen source bacteria organisms ml counted definite diagnosis urinary tract infection presence bacterial infection established organisms identified type common causative organisms urinary tract infection gram negative bacilli common organism uncomplicated uti escherichia coli coli intestinal tract collection urine culture require catheterization clean catch midstream procedure satisfactory patient expected collect specimen urine imperative understand procedure appreciate importance instructions precisely contamination specimen act voiding contamination inside container handling render urine culture findings invalid kidneys concentrate urine simultaneously excreting waste materials making urine dilute reabsorbing needed body fluids electrolytes making urine concentrated early sign renal disease loss ability concentrate urine making dilute determining specific gravity urine previously explained determine concentrating ability
recent medical science strides development highly complicated machines devices designed assist human body vital functions trauma disease temporarily disrupted functions artificial kidney device received publicity essentially artificial kidney remove blood waste products ordinarily filtered normal kidneys excreted urine natural movement molecules continue place solutions equal concentration hemodialysis blood patient represents solution higher concentration blood circulated artificial kidney impurities pass filter bath solution salt sugar sodium bicarbonate components normal plasma waste products urea removed patient blood beginning treatment artificial kidney primed blood type patient insures continuous flow blood tubing small pump keeps blood circulating artificial kidney treatment lasts hours depending patient body size amount renal function remains amount wastes removed artificial kidneys treatment patients acute renal problems early chronic renal failure hope benefit artificial kidney
major source anxiety ostomy patients offensive odor flatus fecal material urine potential sources odor dealt separately effective means odor control basic principles hygiene eliminating diet foods known problems manufacturers collection devices offer detailed instructions proper cleaning storing reusable appliances instructions appliance optimal advantage surgeon wish acidify urine urostomy patient accomplished patient ascorbic acid vitamin tablets times daily urine acidified regulating diet high acid ash foods low alkaline foods patient instructed drink cranberry juice daily helps control odor order acidify urine collection pouch ounces white vinegar instilled lower spout recommended instillation night run drainage system patient sleeps vinegar harmful stoma beneficial effect pouches deteriorated fit replaced vinyl pouches urinary drainage rubber
sty common infections eye staphylococcus infection follicle eyelash redness burning itching eyelids symptoms sty soon symptoms develop small pustule forms lid lid red swollen sty especially painful annoying uncomfortable general poor health need glasses predispose person repeated development stys stys rupture drain incision warm moist compresses applied regularly affected site stys respond treatment surgically incised infections meibomian glands small lubricating glands edge eyelids mistaken stys infections considerably pain common sty respond hot wet compresses antibiotic ointments eliminate infection surgical treatment frequent infections eyelids symptoms diabetes mellitus word cataract literally means waterfall term designate opacity lens eye vision person condition impaired trying falling water vision blurred lens eye cloudy opaque causing improper entry focus light rays
labyrinthitis inflammation involving labyrinths ear occurring complication chronic otitis media symptoms include loss hearing affected ear dizziness nausea vomiting abnormal jerking movements eyes nystagmus treatment aimed removal source infection relief symptoms antibiotics massive doses control infection persistent difficult clear completely patient bed minimize vertigo avoid injury falls side rails applied bed patient told reason try bed assistance dimenhydrinate dramamine drugs control motion sickness source infection chronic mastoiditis respond medical treatment mastoidectomy syndrome group symptoms increase fluid space labyrinths swelling congestion mucous membrances cochlea symptoms include attacks dizziness ringing ear tinnitus headache poor coordination makes walking difficult impossible loss hearing sudden movement head eyes attack produces severe nausea vomiting condition occurs chronic ear disorders allergic symptoms involving upper respiratory tract
inhalation poisonous gases brings emergency situation death occur matter minutes carbon monoxide unites readily hemoglobin replacing vital oxygen blood stream rapidly producing depletion oxygen supply body tissues tissues affected nervous system survive minutes supply oxygen patient drowsy headache experiences visual disturbances sinks rapidly coma skin bright cherry red color owing presence carbon monoxide blood soon victim inhaled poison found carried source fresh air open window door polluted air rescuer careful overcome poisonous gas artificial respiration begun immediately victim breathing warm quiet allowed walk hospital treatment includes administration oxygen supportive measures prevent shock maintain normal respiration patient observed carefully signs central nervous system damage heart failure recovered oxygen administered residual effects poisoning fatal type poisoning produced toxins bacteria present contaminated food
retail grower plans able sell flowers shop ideal excesses attempts place wholesale market finds flowers surplus market lost bring low price areas retail florists growers wholesale commission band florists allied groups common flower industry area allieds outstanding promotion flowers allieds mainly public relations advertising funds operation allied group commonly derived collecting small percentage transaction clears commission house area sending flowers wire increases sales flowers considerably customer send flowers distant points merely placing order local florist telephones order florist city delivery customer deals local florist able send flowers confidence part country organizations american floral service florafax florists transworld delivery association teleflora florist shop members areas plants bulbs seeds needed flower growers sections country
minimum amount framework greenhouse covered glass plastic framework consists side posts foot intervals support roof trusses eave gutter extends post post point truss joins side post ridge extends truss truss peak house midway ridge eave purlin extends truss truss house wide purlins spaced equidistant ridge eave wide houses trusses need additional support posts provided truss purlin ground greenhouse structure strong support attached snow wind load light sunlight enters easily steel successfully objection rusts easily considerable maintenance cost keeping structure painted reason aluminum commonly roof bars newer greenhouses greenhouse framework enclosed placing curtain wall feet feet base greenhouse rest framework glazed glass plastic glazing glass glass roof bars extend ridge eave wall bars extend eave top side wall
ideal plastic material covering greenhouse clarity glass easily installed inexpensive suitable replacement compared glass plastics advantages completely satisfactory substitute glass difficult find plastics transmit light glass problem areas country winter light conditions low anyway spite low light transmission results obtained growing crops results type light transmitted plastic light diffused comes plastics light rays hit plant angles possibly giving plant light despite lower light intensity film plastics polyethylene vinyl pvc inexpensive installed rapidly replaced frequently installed fall polyethylene winter deteriorates rapidly bright sunlight improved types polyethylene longer features polyethylene inexpensive obtained sheets wide cover entire greenhouse reasons polyethylene seasonal covering houses temporary structures
influence temperature diseases direct effect rate growth disease organism instances indirect effect temperature air soil moisture growth disease organism rose grower sure maintains air circulation avoids sudden temperature slight deposit water vapor leaves sufficient start infestation powdery mildew water vapor deposited rose leaves mainly situations humid conditions air movement primarily summer times leaf cools rapidly surrounding air primarily heating season source heat fluctuates maximum ventilation high humidity air circulation fans help heating season failure commonly lack steam heat sun disappears reappears afternoon steam lines operated daytime temperature maintained sun steam heat reduced needed adjust air temperature nighttime temperature morning air temperature brought daytime temperature steam heat steam reduced sun sufficiently high maintain temperature
field soils fertilizer add phosphorous fertilizer mixing soil add superphosphate rate pounds square feet soil adjustment need soil ph greenhouse plants grow slightly acid soil ph acid soils add hydrated lime finely ground agricultural limestone rate pounds square feet alkaline soils add ferrous iron sulfate rate pound square feet hydrated lime agricultural limestone needed adjust soil ph gypsum calcium sulfate added rate pounds square feet soil gypsum supplies calcium needed plants affecting ph soil special soil mixtures greenhouse azaleas grown peat moss areas country popular grow wide variety plants mixtures peat sand peat perlite advantage uniform mixture require attention fertilizer applications watering bench empty filled soil sure bench bottom condition sufficient provisions drainage water bench wooden bench bottoms dry wood water tight inch cracks left boards wood swells wet
easy observe total declared analysis typical dry fertilizer total declared analysis typical liquid fertilizer important dry fertilizers high percentage calcium magnesium included bag fertilizers liquid application fertilizer applied liquid form essential apply calcium fertilizers soil mixed planting pot plants choice fertilizers liquid form easier apply uniform application readily bench crops labor saved fertilizers liquid form dry fertilizer application problem pot plant crops true pot plants easier uniform application fertilizer bench crops fertilizer liquid form dry form difference rate uptake plant fertilizer applied insoluble dry form completely soluble liquid form liquid fertilizer partly insoluble contacts minerals commonly found soil soil moist fertilizer application fertilizer watered distributed soil
equipment applying fertilizer liquid form analysis approximately phosphorus calcium added planting nitrogen potassium fertilizers needed regularly growth crop nitrogen supply critical leached soil easily nitrate level maintained minimum ppm fertilizer applied watering means injector fertilizer rate pound gallons water applied soil tests show amount needed fertilizer applied tank intervals weeks fertilizers rate pounds gallons water fertilizer added cut flower crops dry form difficult uniform application care fertilizer plants fertilizer lodges leaves stems burns actually kill plants parts plants dry fertilizer analysis applied rate pounds square feet weeks rate application based amount nitrogen
growing actively planting rooted cutting directly bench plant grown young plant light spaced bench water fertilizer requirements provided rooted cuttings potted longer weeks soil handling equipment carefully steamed carnations susceptible diseases set plants shallow root growth rapid plants susceptible rhizoctonia stem rot able observe careful digging base plants root growth days planting week planting wilting heat evidence soil drained fertility high watering methods regular applications fertilizer started fertilizer program carnations cut flowers attention paid supply boron boron deficiencies occurred soils effects carnations varied symptoms boron deficiency florets flower death young flower buds ring calyx splitting leaf base shoot growing sure soil sufficient supply boron carnation soils application ounce borax square feet
mum cuttings planted procedures need varied according weather conditions summer cuttings watered misted periodically days planting reduces wilting cutting start growth rapidly planted winter cuttings spotwatered definitely leaving dry areas plants soil dry rapidly root growth faster leaving heating lines newly planted benches winter aid root growth evident week planting discover requires careful digging plants root growth slow delay watering likely soil drying slowly slow root growth fertilizer soil cool temperatures soon root growth starts regular irrigation fertilization program begin fertilizer application watering planting important stage growth young plant steady supply nitrogen huge amounts constant supply winter soils dry slowly gradually nitrogen soil planting satisfy needs young plant watering fertilizer application
depending cultivar cut tight bud stage start unfurl roses sold stem length desired cut stem importance effect place cut plant crops deep cutting fall remove leaves plant growth winter spring deep cutting practiced weather conditions produce plant growth general practice cut leaflet leaves fall winter plant increases height cut leaves left plant starting late february stem cut leaflet leaf previous cut cut hook generally found rose production quality improved plants grown grown taller cutting deep alternating pinch cut instances plants tall cutters wear stilts walk side bench cut flowers spite laid plans canes plant heavy desired continuing cut flowers canes result thinner shorter stems flowers
snapdragons susceptible pythium rhizoctonia early stages growth soil seed flats benches handling equipment carefully steamed snapdragons surface seed flats uniformly moist germination soon sure provide continuous air movement flat planting plants carefully watered winter spot water plants leaving dry areas plants let soil dry watering porous soil drainage definite help drench seed flats newly transplanted plants suitable chemicals drenching sure drench base plants provide ventilation house times air circulation fans definite aid botrytis stem rot fairly common older plants controlled ventilation air circulation maintained aphids common pests snapdragons inhabit tips plant controlled early stages problem floret drop nearly problem cultivars bred resistant main pollination bees ethylene gas fruit vegetables flowers stored refrigerators bees eliminated screening ventilators ethylene gas problem exist snapdragons stored environment
occasional sale holiday plants holiday plants flower late complete loss timing holiday pot plants difficult big worry lily growers kid pots worn thin bottom moved house temperature house temperature slow speed flowering flowering holiday crops varies weather weather bit known months months holiday going bright dull season easter especial challenge timing early late march late late april weather conditions entirely early easter late easter growing schedule account varying crops pot plants referred pot size course larger plants larger pots true inch pot mum refers mum plant inch pot necessarily describe size plant plants sales area sized size pot pot plant grower problem developing rotation complex cut flower grower cut flower plants planted fixed amount space remain duration crop months
soil test recently compare past tests trends observed looking tests soil meaningful results test rapid expected nitrogen tests low nitrogen supply deficient amounts nitrogen suspected phosphorus ph soluble salts calcium values remain constant sudden change soil test unusual occurrence dose fertilizer person making application wrong bag fertilizer wrong amounts review weather conditions trouble extremely hot spell caused failure change heating watering practices change cooler darker weather treat plants pests diseases considered materials toxic plants list pest disease control applications exact materials amount helpful weather conditions application mind wettable powder insecticide perfectly safe insecticide emulsion bad effect plants greenhouse
powdery mildew constant threat rose plants known commonly powdery white growth upper surface leaves produces puckering leaf powdery mildew found stems flowers roses stem infestation characteristic white powder appearance floret area involved look brown shiny twisting puckering floret powdery mildew occur plants chrysanthemum snapdragon unusual apparently powdery mildew start growth slightest film moisture leaves stems florets control regulate heat ventilation constant air movement plants plants warmer surrounding air heating season stay powdery mildew infestations turning heat houses sun goes continuing heat sun spring summer fall times heat difficult control mildew sulfur standard control mildew vaporized steam lines fumers specific purpose effective sulfur applications times week rust problem carnations greenhouse plants rare carnations
diseases controlled easily adjusting plant surroundings chemicals applying disease control chemicals sure temperature moisture air movement environmental factors controlled plant pests easily identified diseases means control change constantly pests immune resistant chemicals touch flower growers association university experiment station personnel latest recommendations control pests material job controlling pest information knows experiment material found apply pest controls advantage making routine regular applications pesticides materials plants clean pests times problem method control pesticides applied plant needed plant suffer constant materials plants watched closely signs infestation action immediately method control question able sight infestations early fast action control general pest control applications monthly
responsibility rests shoulders food service operator preparation staff controlling harmful bacteria found foods let case food poisoning establishment close doors food poisoning result eating food contaminated harmful bacteria toxins person eating foods extremely ill cases death result understand food poisoning important understand bacteria grow multiply rapidly main food poisoning yeast contamination bacterial growth mold degree type food direct bearing accessible forms germs orange juice tomato mixtures acid foods resist bacterial mold growth accessible yeast contamination meat resist yeast contamination ward bacterial mold growth meat wiped form acid mixture vinegar bread course susceptible mold growth regardless type bacteria spoiling food grow rapidly favorable conditions bacteria divide minutes sixteen hour period bacterium multiply seventy trillion stated happen favorable conditions favorable conditions bacteria warmth food moisture
commercial kitchen safety job responsibility accepted working stated times accidents caused happen caused knowing proper task carelessly performing operation job attention focused wise remember careless worker jeopardizes health jeopardizes cooking considered fairly safe occupation hazards certainly exist food preparation related tasks common accidents occur kitchen cuts burns falls strains types accidents happen extreme carelessness general horseplay present carelessness horseplay justified allowed commercial kitchen cuts common commercial kitchens knives cutting implements constantly reasonable say student cook plan cut times learning proper knives cuts seriousness cuts held minimum ordinary sense attention proper safety rules practice proper cutting procedures skill knife obtained accidental cuts occur
cut meat cubes large medium small cut meat uniformly cook evenly boneless stew desirable bone season salt pepper season starting cook results herbs spices desired brown meat desired brown stew desirable flavor white stew white stew desired step eliminated cover meat liquid meat entirely covered liquid cook uniformly liquid stock water cover stewing pot pot covered reduce cooking preserve flavor cook low temperature cooking low temperature reduce shrinkage preserve flavor add vegetables vegetables added meat fourths finish cooking method adding vegetables stew flavorful lack appearance alternative method cook vegetable separately meat tender add cooked drained vegetables method vegetable cooks differently sure tender method stew nicer appearance today appearance help boost sales cooking cook tender
cheeses classified general groups hard semi hard soft distinct types varieties chapter familiarize student popular cheeses commercial kitchen today primarily interested origin chief characteristics cheese known cheddar american cheddar commonly variety united states favorite english speaking countries american cheese types american cheddar american colby american washed curd american stirred curd difference largely depends curd cut handled cheese aged cheeses packed styles daisy longhorn flat twin young american cheddar american cheese classified hard cheese cow milk partly skimmed skimmed cheese ranges color nearly white dark yellow smooth solid texture mild sharp flavor depending length aged commercial kitchen american cheese grill cheese sandwiches open face closed sandwiches salad bowls garnish items welsh rarebit cheese sauce cheese platters cheese versatile ways found bakers cheese skim milk cheese cottage cheese softer finer grained
special soups include thick thin soups variety soups originated locale place cases soups tradition philadelphia pepper pot credited saving washington troops valley forge england clam chowder helped early colonists survive severe winters follows minestrone italy english beef broth england onion soup france scotch mutton broth scotland creole soup orleans cold soups popular food service establishments past decade summer menu complete listed soups classed separately classed hot soups according consistency popular cold soups jellied consomme jellied chicken broth cold borsch jellied tomato madrilene vichysoisse soups today served type garnish add eye appeal cases flavor soup garnish simple croutons chopped chives parsley complex julienne crepes pancakes quenelles meat dumplings egg dumplings garnish added soup served cooked soup serving vegetable garnish cooked soup cut soup cook preparation
stocks require straining completion remove undesirable particles hinder appearance eating qualities soup soups cream puree broth bouillon consomme require straining completed straining pouring liquid china cap china cap covered cheese cloth depending consistency item strained extremely thin watery liquids bouillons broths consommes stocks brown stock exception strained fine hole china cap covered cheese cloth liquid free impurities provide satisfactory product served converted soup sauce thicker liquids cream puree soups strained china cap completion eliminate vegetables rough garnish vegetable pulp discarded soup presentable service straining preparations vegetables vegetable pulp forced tip china cap bottom part ladle force flavor soup vegetables pulp discarded size china cap sieve depend size pot liquid strained consistency liquid sauteing vegetable garnish soups important step action produce soup superior flavor
important student cook obtains knowledge popular potato preparations intends advance position journeyman cook chef today potato staff america commands position similar bread rice fact potatoes largest food crop running close rice united states leading producer popular tuber vegetable meals served america accompanied kind potato preparation avoid potato believe starchy fattening belief disproved nutrition experts potato fairly large percentage starch starch found potatoes digestible starches potato properly cooked starch particles tender potato cooked hard watery soggy indigestible white meat potatoes types type mealy grain easily broken cooked round intermediate type hard stays firm cooked type idaho selection baking mashing french frying round intermediate type red potato selection boiling sauteing roasting idaho potatoes called king potatoes excellent eating qualities fine white meat
preparation sauces presents opportunity cook chef display creative imaginative skills course standards met preparing sauce person adhere standards create dish tasty remembered food discussed sauces vary content major categories warm sauces cold sauces dessert sweet sauces warm sauces consist kinds leading sauces small sauces generally speaking person prepare leading sauces prepare small sauces largely variations leading sauces cold sauces named temperature served hot cold foods dessert sweet sauces rule high percentage sugar served dessert items course sauces specific category sauces mint oriental sweet sour sauce group kinds warm sauces leading sauces small sauces popular numerous major sauce categories served types foods preparation difficult person mastered basic skills food preparation leading sauces referred mother sauces famous french chef escoffier extreme importance basis sauces
beef popular edible meats beef consumed united states kind meat average commercial establishment spends approximately percent food dollar meat beef popular important kitchen personnel knowledge product beef flesh steers heifers cows bulls stags age sex influence taste quality meat important understanding age sex classes beef animal help explain variations eating qualities carcass difference price steer young male castrated calf animals produce beef superior conformation finish quality important factors grading meat steers half marketed weigh pounds producing sides ranging weight pounds steers grain fed bearing quality grain fed animals superior grass fed animals steers graded prime choice heifer young female borne calf compact animal steer conformation finish quality
thigh buttock hog lean meat marketed forms smoked cured fresh popular form cure ham solution salt sugar sodium nitrate smoke skin left removed hams virginia country hams cured smoked hams marketed variety forms partly cooked cooked raw smoked canned boneless tenderized shankless kind varies specific needs food service establishment commercial kitchen hams baked cut steaks broiled pan broiled boiled sliced sandwiches fact ham versatile item ways serving limitless cured smoked belly hog size belly denote quality bacon fairly small bellies young hogs desirable high quality bacon percent fat percent rind commercial kitchen bacon extremely popular versatile item sandwiches garnishes appetizers entree dishes bacon grease extracted bacon cooked desirable seasoning sauteing food items animal fat completely digestible rib section removed belly side hog carcass
lamb graded basis beef grading based conformation finish quality conformation refers general build lamb finish color firmness interior exterior fat quality color flesh bones grades lamb order desirability prime choice utility cull important food service operator highest quality lamb stamped prime animal months feeding mother milk body compact plump legs wide thick neck short thick interior display pale pink flesh smooth grain bones soft porous fat kidneys white firm popular grade commercial establishments high quality lamb produce excellent eating qualities graded choice lamb carcass possess slightly compact body legs short plump slightly wide thick neck slightly short thick interior animal display pink flesh slightly darker prime grade grain smooth bones soft porous fairly generous amount white fat kidney
poultry perish rapidly spoiled poultry develops odor immediately recognized unsafe fresh poultry refrigerated soon received packed crushed ice coldest part refrigerator frozen poultry turkey frozen thawed refrigerator cold running water times cooks chefs attempt save poultry starting spoil unsafe practice result case food poisoning stated text doubt throw safe practice purchase fresh poultry eliminate holding period chance spoiling null general cooking procedures poultry meats tough birds cooked lengthy cooking methods younger quicker methods means older birds produce results cooked moist heat younger birds succulent cooked dry heat regardless cooking method poultry cooked case wild game recommended larger poultry birds cooked slowly reduce shrinkage retain moisture smaller cooked temperatures prevent drying cooking
ingredients making cake batters shortening cake flour eggs sugar baking powder liquid milk water salt flavoring classified terms suggest function preparing cake batter ingredients function perform produce successful finished product list functions ingredients perform follows sugar shortening egg yolks baking powder moisteners milk water syrups eggs sugar tougheners flour dry milk solids egg whites driers flour starches dry milk solids flavorers eggs butter vanilla flavoring liquid salt high quality ingredients purchased cake production improve taste texture volume quality finished product shortening butter margarine commercial shortening shortening hydrogenated emulsified shortening produce results hydrogenated shortening vegetable oils hydrogenated transform solid white colored fat flexible melting point flexible melting point shortening melt temperatures breaking perform task tenderizing type shortening improve creaming qualities help trap hold greater amount air emulsified shortening hydrogenated vegetable oils greater emulsifying powers produced cakes high sugar content
puddings simplest desserts prepare types souffles steamed puddings complex cases puddings advance serving low cost popular profitable properly presented guest eye appealing manner types puddings general food service establishments simpler prepare popular listed order importance popularity cream puddings starch thickened puddings simple prepare hot milk sugar starch vanilla salt eggs procedure making heat milk reserving small amount cold milk blend sugar cornstarch blending mixture hot milk preparation double boiler puddings type served warm chilled chilled popular included type chocolate pudding vanilla pudding coconut pudding butterscotch pudding baked puddings egg thickened puddings include popular desserts rice pudding bread pudding custard type pudding bound baked custard eggs milk cream preparation generally baked water bath pans water temperature custard set completely cooked custard continue cooking removed oven
menu items including desserts beverages items sellers type menu successful items famous extremely popular sure winners examples big boy kentucky fried chicken mcdonalds hamburgers specialty house feature low prices cater middle low income group small profit large volume business fortunes comparatively short past pancake houses pizza parlors proved successful specialty menu item basically popular prepared eye appealing manner advantages type menu holds labor cost minimum controlled purchasing waste expensive decor needed automation production speed service menu items sellers type menu ideal opening establishment special occasions speed service production establishment start controlled purchasing production able determine factors prepare menu situation volume increases variety added occasions sure going extremely busy mother easter local festive days limited menu provide answer faster service production
greasy spoon description frequently eating establishments questionable cleaning standards procedures prospective customer likely give rating food establishment entering front door judgment based things cleanliness grounds neatness interior quality food customer visited restaurant heard opinions expressed friends acquaintances eaten course standards customer judge restaurant depend type place customers buy fast food restaurant likely concerned cost cleanliness speed quality food served family style cafe customer interested cleanliness silverware dishes tables taste food fancy restaurant customer course insist perfectly clean dishes tablecloths napkins silverware delicious food elegant atmosphere put customer shoes customer impression eating place attitudes friends impression comes looking premises imagine going dinner restaurant paper left grounds picked employees
rules regulations laws generally set minimum maximum penalties noncompliance noncompliance term describe meeting standards set law inspector possibly court proceeding makes judgment determination period allowed business meet standards order compliance business feels meeting standards set law inspection show appeal noncompliance ruling penalties imposed courts agencies enforced stricter enforcing laws county strictly enforce safety regulations heard terms slap fingers pay nose penalize noncompliance reveals opposite penalties imposed involve fines prison sentences prison sentences lack safety precautions results badly injured killed crimes penalties vary minimum maximum depending situation liability safety hazards food business operations remains management especially supervisor liability means responsible maintaining standards regulations set law
mentioned hazardous part restaurant institutional food area kitchen types equipment preparing cooking food present hazards national safety council reports studies accidents conducted national restaurant association showed times restaurant accidents industries study thousand food service establishments conducted bureau labor eighteen disabling injuries million hours worked nearly times higher averages industries occurred kitchen area improper careless equipment utensils slippery floors preparation area equipment cut grind mix management provide space area person operate slicer bumped flow worker traffic areas knives chopping blades space prevent accident knives properly stored wooden holder purpose knives left counter sinks loose drawer grinder sufficient space person bumped result fingers chewed food pieces powered nonpowered cutting equipment utensils area
deliveries need scheduled manager purchasing agent set storage areas accommodate incoming orders scheduling means establishment rules regarding deliveries wrong hours days week policy food worker means deciding unscheduled arrivals workers information prevent financial losses due oversupply food service worker ask delivery storage policies learn procedures follow unscheduled delivery arrives working delivery scheduling important helping storage system function deliveries arrive inspection product asked assist receiving guidelines reason accepting rejecting foods dairy products eggs need attention await re refrigeration bacteria microorganisms multiply longer left uncooled greater chance spoilage eggs left refrigeration begin age causing quality deteriorate immediately fresh eggs yolks high skillet whites nice circle yolks aged eggs flat yolks tend break easily fried whites tend run unusual shapes give poor appearance customer plate repeat appearance standards quality lowered lack refrigeration dairy egg products
food groups combined sauces puddings gravies custards casseroles careful storage thought foods cooled stored refrigerator known prepared foods immediately refrigerated temperature served prepared foods days depending ingredients milk egg based dishes shorter meat vegetable casseroles separate section refrigerator cooler foods prepared precaution contamination raw foods strong odors possibly microorganisms quickly quickly freezer truck freezer inside food facility food group include types mentioned frozen group require coldest temperature lower inside freezer storage area foods arranged products received put received earlier foods freezer longest think frozen foods indefinitely course freezing foods longer frozen length type food varies considerably hamburger pork lamb veal frozen periods
don course place food maybe place places food halfway clean boss point anyway asks lucy says advertisement order menu inside lots trash broken tree limbs pigeons hundreds guess problems imagine wanting eat place run escape pigeons building roof chuckles joe wouldn try states lucy place look pigeons maybe crows sparrows pigeons assures lucy gather boss want place messy looking won problems defends joe orders pick trash hose wash dirt parking lot pull big tree limbs left week storm going today part tomorrow states lucy coming inside finished clean entryway paint trim door maybe handy mistake telling boss wanted restaurant
sandra making rounds room delivery fish arrived fresh shore sandra manager emporium week hi sandra feel chief asks hal unloads shipment guess changing things place sure sandra gal asks hal hard say hal sandra answers hesitantly guess depends image trying achieve customers ask place scent smell fish lasted fifteen continues hal says sandra place sure stayed business true says hal maybe clientele re elegant guess bums boats wander dirty smelly hungry maybe smell place continues hal want place going change weeks says sandra kind housekeeper manager going okay sandra assures sure guess curious hal says closes doors truck starts sandra says waves goodbye hmmm kind housekeeper ponders sandra
additional training important step advancement training classes offered food industry employees variety sources instruction offered food operation health department vendors selling products food operation night school community college learning opportunities include classes hours weeks filmstrips learning packets individual instruction actual demonstration laboratory experiences large corporations training films programs restaurant supervision help materials individuals assistance easy train tasks times special programs offered help food workers group experienced think learn sanitation cleaning techniques experienced employees teach demonstration classes offered health department discussed chapter mandatory courses cover health sanitation laws reason government regulations health sanitation practices needed follow food operations included classes idea prevent development spread microorganisms disease educating cleaning processes personal hygiene sanitary food preparation service facility equipment design maintenance subjects offered health department classes provide food employee broad source information
food service today fastest growing industries united states countries according occupational outlook handbook department labor bureau statistics number jobs continue grow mid area food service continue grow americans higher average income leisure history eat home restaurant industry estimates eat meal home eat meals eaten restaurants school industrial cafeterias institutional settings eating home travel part business greater extent past meals eaten home working wives increased number times families eat home number times food picked carryout restaurant brought home increased leisure coupled money eat restaurants pleasure increased volume food business mean terms jobs field increases number businesses jobs levels directly indirectly related food service addition large numbers needed replacements leave industry retire advance opportunities
likely familiar sections food service industry student eat home eat lunch school lunchroom nearby hamburger stand school drop drive snack shop eating place generally meet friends talk school plans later evening soda snack place eat home part food service industry begin eat industry beginnings coffee house opened constantinople sixteenth seventeenth centuries inns taverns established main traveled routes needed food rest lodging traveled dangerous difficult roads early days inns located approximately journey towns gradually eating places established meet basic needs travelers today industry includes types food service establishments provide food offer lodging recreational facilities swimming pools exercise rooms food service nation fastest growing industries recent surveys sponsored department agriculture usda economic research service food service industry show food service industry total outlets workers single kind business
types food service jobs help sick aged jobs hospitals nursing homes enjoy young jobs school lunchrooms dining halls meeting jobs motels hotels institutions want part short hours jobs broken shifts instance hours institutions hour restaurants specialty food stands limited service resorts recreation areas offer short term food service jobs school hours summer vacations school weekend jobs restaurants snack bars drive ins business heaviest late afternoon evening hours job experience ways learn food service earn money training period instance school food service op programs provide opportunity earn job learn basic skills school kitchen serve restaurant drive hours weekends full employers provide additional training specific jobs eventually boss opportunities ambitious person develop business food service
national food companies develop operate chains restaurants known company owned units food executives claim company owned operations times profitable franchised trained personnel charge constant supervision develop business outlets manager selected trained parent company operate outlet qualify manager position considerable freedom operating business heavy financial risks owning building income derived profits business companies guarantee income period manager starting business companies pay manager fixed salary bonus based profits develop income ability build business increase profits course entirely company business remember company partner distinctive style building management training supervision national advertising agree pay percentage gross income building rent parent company buy sell food supplies follow specific method operation relation menu food preparation service personnel high standards promoted company supervisors regularly check food preparation customer service building maintenance
beginner food service familiar chef cap someday wear french cap called la toque blanche worn cooks chefs sanitary reasons toque blanche important meaning height rank chef master chefs instance wear highest hat inches high famous chefs hats custom toque blanche interesting tradition say symbols high rank professional kings early times kings decreed royal headdresses tall ribbed gold elegant fabric copied loyal personal chefs copies plain fabric pleats gold ribs starch turned plain fabric tall stiff hat honor loyal chefs reasons recognized skills kitchen expressed gratitude loyalty chefs responsible protecting kings poisons enemies want slip royal food chefs generally paid increased prestige discouraged bribery styles colors caps changed fashions chef cap symbol status distinction today means chef reached peak excellence food serves
families desire help preparing serving food homes husband wife unusually heavy responsibilities homemaker want worker prepare serve family meals need help special parties family meal aide responsible planning preparing serving attractive nutritious meals meet needs family catering opportunity develop business provide steady job family enjoy working family meal aide duties vary needs employer perform tasks plan variety meals select purchase foods prepare serve family meals special occasion meals store care kitchen equipment supplies store food food products left foods clean wash dishes glassware silver cooking utensils clean care kitchen area similar home need follow policies instructions specific family duties generally involves shopping assembling food supplies preparing serving food cleaning interest helping sick convalescent find working hospital nursing home rewarding
food managers workers pride producing quality food public quality food important health pleasure customers successful operation eating establishment rule food service units feed hundreds thousands meal food prepared large quantities achieve result recipe recipe carefully find product product prepared friend recipe give reason difference produce uniform appealing flavorful foods large quantities purchasing standard ingredients standard recipes standard weights measures equipment tools utensils exact portion control food cost control basic methods preparation responsibilities food service learn basic procedures cooking serving pages introduced general principles methods quantity food production mind specific procedures differ place place standard recipe mean experimentation combinations foods cooking methods goes making recipe records results judged nutritional taste appeal quality cost amounts ingredients preparation techniques determined recipes exactly written
read newspaper attracts attention headlines big news notice easy locate looking advertisements comics sports pages easy paper layout carefully planned organized give reader information pleasure satisfaction exactly menu menu called newspaper food service operation tells customer food prepared served costs newspaper menu planned customer find food items easily prices clearly menu hub entire food service operation food preparation service activities revolve demands menu food listed attractive prepared ready sell customers food service operators plan menu carefully affects operation amount labor needed equipment utilized profit depend menu employees need informed details menu information important front house house workers important foods listed menu need think organization menus nutrition menu planning kinds meals
foods customers select seasons influence menu planning especially true areas noticeable climate mark seasons hot weather prefer light meals chilled foods weather colder freezing rain snow common want hot foods hearty meals seasonal effect menu planning parts country foods holidays served regardless climate instance warm weather states california texas florida offer traditional foods holiday pumpkin pie halloween roast turkey trimmings mincemeat pie thanksgiving christmas think examples teenage customers generally eating patterns tend similar regions united states want foods hot dogs hamburgers french fries beverage teenagers rule interest dishes alaskan crab meat shrimp la creole restaurant wishing attract teenagers feature specialties giant hamburgers cheeseburgers submarine sandwiches local favorites adults hand enjoy sophisticated restaurant featuring international foods family style restaurant children elderly live fixed incomes prefer cafeterias select foods fit diets economical
designed menu colorful attention noticed interesting menus eating huge small unusual shapes tell interesting facts restaurant region fun collect menus establishments glad give souvenir consider advertising bring menus class compare analyze type format arrangement appeal merchandising promoting foods menu appealing senses descriptive terms golden brown piping hot succulent young tender sound stimulate appetites sales describing ingredients food item helps customer rarely orders unfamiliar food foods listed easy reading important pricing appeal specials house attractively priced result volume sales waiting customer help sell making suggestions mention dessert specialty food encourage customer buy helping guests select menu answering questions correctly responsibilities food service job involves waiting customers menu choices offered prices dishes prepared meaning commonly foreign menu terms breakfast menu pattern similar customers tend prefer foods breakfast country
service job feet standing walking working equipment generally designed workers average size tall short worker find service tiring difficult employers find overweight tire easily result employers generally prefer workers average size medium height weight requirements employers look general health stamina offensive habits clear skin groomed appearance feet legs condition ability read speak english correctly write legibly add sales checks correctly high school diploma training food service physical examination age range male female according policy food service unit wages paid depend policy establishment working current minimum wage law food service operators allowed pay minimum wage waitresses waiters meals provided tips received current wage hour receive hour remember states differ minimum wage regulations food service workers inquire locally learn wage rate paid community gain ability experience wage increase maximum determined employer tips gratuities received range week depending type size unit
job counter worker responsible requires sales ability waiter waitress calls ability compute sales change quickly accurately counter workers deal public give careful efficient courteous service counter service saves space rapid service customer type service based high volume low prices restaurants counter table service counter service features easy prepare meals short orders pre packaged foods fountain items frozen pre menu items heated served quickly generally counter units operate snack bars limited selling sandwiches beverages fountain items pre packaged foods cookies cakes crackers candy hotels motels snack bars supplement regular dining service resort areas snack bars set swimming pools golf courses schools hospitals universities operate snack bars extra service guests students snack bars open business hours hours depending policy establishment resort hotels serve noon meals guests snack bar noon late evening dining room closed hospitals operate snack bars visiting hours counter service designed quick efficient
carhops similar waiters waitresses outdoors indoors service informal simple quick involves sale variety foods served tray customers cars carhop assigned number car parking spaces station increase travel popularity drive ins carhop service grown rapidly enjoy sandwich full course meal leaving cars receive fast service pay moderate prices drive menu features easy prepare cooked order foods hamburgers fried fish fried chicken fountain items menus posted easy locations drive ins automatic order system customers put orders call box installed car parking area orders received worker stationed end call box food preparation center food ready order taker assigns carhops serve food customers cars collects money makes change operations carhop assigned station takes customer order addition performing duties tasks carhops handle money supplied change belt specific amount change pay counter order receive collect customer making change needed
eat home think notice safety practices food service unit exits marked case fire broken floor tiles unlighted unexpected steps accidents unfortunate experience eating restaurant tables chairs need repair served careless waitress spilled hot soup feel places want safety important food service business accidents occur consequences injuries resulting costly doctor bills safety employees customers depends effective safety programs cities states establish enforce minimum standards safety food service establishments food service owners deeply concerned safeguarding customers employees carefully plan arrange rooms entrances exits furnishings equipment safety hazards exist establish enforce safety precautions train workers safe practices order prevent accidents fire management carries liability insurance pays costs involved accidents insurance expensive especially restaurant repeated accidents costly law suits put restaurants business purpose federal occupational safety health act assure safe healthful working conditions employees
person wages minimum level set federal law taxed called income tax states cities income tax hired job asked fill form employee withholding allowance certificate form asks address social security number marital status number dependents general dependent person depends fifty percent support allowed exemption dependent exemption reduces amount income tax pay single dependents claim exemption information give form enables employer figure income tax withhold paycheck wages minimum law taxed annual wages minimum income tax withheld paycheck need fill form exemption withholding federal income tax employer filling form giving employer authorize withhold income tax wages job higher wages find total wages end minimum
collective bargaining process agent representing employees meets management try improve wages working conditions agent union municipal employee group organization officially represents employees areas bargaining covered contract management agent areas include wages working hours conditions control job opportunities employee security methods handling grievances range goals fringe benefits fringe benefits benefits employees receive fringe benefits include health insurance paid vacations holidays retirement pension plans paid employer affect employees wages states laws regulate negotiations wages fringe benefits laws collective bargaining involves meetings management agent discussions result mutual agreement parties agreement drawn written contract states terms agreed employers employees recognize values collective bargaining agreement reached reasonable arbitration agent conciliator assigned try bring parties agreement agree bargaining talks end labor strikes result generally strike resort labor strike involve stoppage slow sit job
principles procedures leading understanding automated data processing explained illustrated detail principles procedures applied solution typical problems illustrations solutions problems studied carefully search meaningful relationships principles practices working book review questions problems chapters aids help check understanding material covered questions problems difficult recommended student reread chapter text comes set jobs projects worked papers forms completion student brought close contact special tools automated data processing addition projects study guides chapter included check understanding important points covered centuries sought faster ways making computations computer considered important invention era latest list tools developed computing easier opened range discoveries computer space age addition computer prepare payrolls bank accounts check credit standing customers verify income tax returns handle hundreds similar jobs
data transmitted special typewriter telephone telegraph wires centrally located computer computer processes data results typed sender typewriter results punched cards displayed cathode ray tube equipment located sender office arrangement makes computer services units internal storage data instructions developed greatly expanding storage capacity computers making needed information small fraction wide range programming languages developed programmers write instructions human system computer translating devices created convert programs language computer greatly simplified programmer electronic computers business high premium instantaneous information obtainable exactly needed computer widely accepted powerful tool devised processing storing retrieving information fifteen computers united states today predictions computers country reports say directly engaged operation
payroll journal check register sheet pegboard employee earning record dropped place check attached employee statement earning deductions correctly positioned holes left edge employee earning record pegs scale pegboard aid operator aligning forms entries proper lines carbon paper form check employee statement earnings deductions completed employee forms employee earning record removed pegboard set forms proper position procedure paychecks written payroll journal check register sheet removed pegboard observe paychecks statements earnings deductions prepared manually payroll journal check register employee earning record prepared automatically pegboard similar office recording jobs edge notched needle sort method enables user select sort large group similar cards desired cards prepared manual effort required perform sorting operation edge notched cards system holes punched edges areas blocked cards accommodate information code fields
generally holes cards represent digits letters alphabet special characters addition punch predetermined column punches columns instruct machine unit record system perform specific operation punch row row commonly control punch control punch specific column instruct machine add subtract space data manner control punch instruct tabulator print customer street address city names lines line usual printing data single card punch master card preparing statement address customer lines figure note punch position column master card figure punch position column payments detail card control punch enables processing machines distinguish type card space data properly provided control panel wired procedure control panel discussed detail chapter control punch specific code punched card data processing machines perform definite operation
generally locations referred stations provided placing cards card punch machine punching station reading station holes punched card punching station keys operated punching operation complete card moves reading station card fed punching station data punched manually data recorded card repeated card punched card automatically depressing duplicate key sensing device connecting cables reads information card punches location duplicate key dup machines shown shaded part keyboard figure page automatic duplication type handled program card device explained later paragraph skip key move quickly punching field skip key similar tabulator key bar typewriter location skip key skip machines shown keyboard illustration figure page key operable conjunction program card discussed paragraph program card automatically handles skipping spacing duplicating shifting numeric alphabetic positions
information source documents punched cards machine language medium processing takes place direct indirect process direct method card punch machine card punch keyboard similar found standard typewriter card punch machines variety models punch numeric data punch numeric alphabetic data automatically print interpretation punches top card small portable requiring manual manipulation standard card punch machines equipped number saving devices include duplicate key duplicating punches card reading station card punching station skip key assists operator moving punching field program card prepared separately job handles skipping spacing repeating shifting numeric alphabetic positions automatically program card standard size punches control operations listed card punch machines equipped special key automatically determines punches number zeros needed unused columns numeric field key works conjunction properly prepared program card indirect method punching cards punched business document prepared desired data punched cards cards data recorded graphite pencil
ibm interpreter prints data horizontal lines spaces lines print top card printing spaces equal columns card printed character slightly larger width card column reading positions provision printing positions horizontal lines order permit printed repetition punched items provided repetition desired copy spaced needed symbols added wiring control panel interpreter highly simplified fundamentals covered chapter learned interpreter print card interpretation punches card recall interpreter frequently print selected information punched cards representing checks similar forms hand punched card jones punched columns assume desire print printing positions control panel wired print jones printing positions punched card directed interpreter card comes contact reading brushes brush column reads holes column card due timing cycle interprets holes letter
auxiliary storage devices supplement internal storage memory cpu auxiliary line devices consisting magnetic disks magnetic film magnetic tape input output devices central processing unit nonetheless connected data auxiliary storage control cpu accessible reel magnetic tape connected computer magnetic tape drive auxiliary storage reel removed drive filed external line storage auxiliary storage limited capacity faster devices permit random access data random access means computer directly item information retrieve examining data file external storage devices completely independent central processing unit data recorded form suitable computer external storage devices consist punched cards punched paper tape course magnetic tape magnetic disks devices longer connected cpu considered external storage random access data external storage data external storage mounted manually input unit processed auxiliary storage generally current operating data customers accounts inventories subscription lists updated continuing basis
effort communicate machines ceaseless learned able communicate machine punched cards magnetic tape magnetic ink characters media surprising making headway attempt communicate machine verbally limited amount success achieved getting machine understand verbal input greater success achieved verbal output computer audio response units provide verbal replies questions directed machine means input devices special telephone remote console combined listening device receipt inquiry computer selects proper response vocabulary stored memory response transmitted verbally person making inquiry vocabulary stored machine magnetic tape selected machine verbal response limited words important success verbal communication achieved predicted improvements audio response units future audio response unit illustrated figure manufacturers increased speed memory capacity point computer accommodate users sharing basis sharing arrangement user shares computer
read punch print areas reserved areas computer discussed cells computing accumulating totals storing data remember number cells needed store program written solve problem program stored group cells obvious reasons stored areas reserved reading punching printing attempting ten key adding machine solve problems operator machine previous data cleared machine words machine ready receive data procedure electronic computer handle specific job previously stored data machine cleared data entered results produced incorrect reserved areas computer processing data cleared instructions program processed data word marks previous program remain computer cleared learned data card read read area memory data columns preceding card erased ask read area cleared answer question programmer sets word marks read area program
computers execute greater number instructions computers instructed multiply subtract divide conduct number additional operations instructions covered basic insight computer works number additional problems solved instructions program written language acceptable computer instructions punched cards instruction card stored computer data cards fed computer stored program takes cpu data program tells computer solves problems instructions written stored memory data needed solve problem enter computer stored program takes step program correctly written detail omitted computers vary form instructions written basic understanding art program writing gained writing instructions human language writing instructions form block diagrams writing instructions basic language computer writing instructions synthetic language systems devised computers basic understandings gained writing programs forms days early computers programmer write instructions machine language computer
instruction operation code operation code tells central processing unit computer operation perform add punch print move data operation code instruction meaningless case data words program instruction required word mark high order position word mark instruction operation code operation code high order position word mark defines length instruction instructions illustrated chapter underscore operation codes represent presence word mark underscore word mark addresses give cell locations data processed obtained results addresses depending operation performed amounts added amount designated address address sum stored address amount moved location location address give location amount moved address give location moved mind cell addresses machine language instructions actual data stored addresses
card test instruction problem problem discussion merely expanded give clear understanding test works cobol differs machine language card test chapter told read statement end statement card test cobol statement true cobol card test immediately read instruction figure illustrates block diagram cobol program problem chapter note card test occurs earlier block diagram machine language program problem testing card sense switch card processed cobol programmer places additional coded test control card end input deck data cards test control card vary according type computer according compiler program furnished computer manufacturer card punched words end file control punches codes depending computer computer reads test control card branch final step steps program automatically card test control code sensed data card computer continue process data card
tremendous acceptance computers governmental agencies industry society created problems shortage experienced qualified machine language programmers shortage led development higher level languages cobol cobol developed provide computer users uniform language medium large scale computers operation today attempt provide english language requires training machine language order effectively cobol programs divisions division names spelled properly sequence program division names identification environment data procedure identification division provide descriptive information program information point reference later include program id programmer date written remarks environment division includes pertinent information relating hardware configuration equipment manufacturer model number computer computers source object machines included input output files named division data division detailed description input output files operation file description describe record field record type data alphabetic numeric alphameric found position field
important learn read problem solved understood mathematics science courses addition student plans enter technical maintenance end computer business drafting shop courses included school plans knowing read drawings hands tools machines prove valuable career student plans enter operating end computers courses typewriting bookkeeping accounting office practice business machines mathematics included study plans knowing type understand business papers trace course data number steps system solve variety data processing problems extremely helpful preparing career companies offer trainee programs programs employee part data processing system company earn learning manner aspects total system seen fit turn information needed company operate efficiently variety problems solved help guidance data processing specialists opportunities enter trainee programs investigated interested student introductory course automated data processing completed basic fundamentals concerning data processed manually unit record system electronic computer system learned
law rule conduct established enforced government society laws applicable living governmental jurisdiction city county country authority exercised government laws intended chiefly protect rights public nurse practice acts intended primarily protect public secondarily protect nurse importance fact laws promulgated governmental processes enforceable authority government laws regarded standards conduct live peacefully philosophy science law called jurisprudence public law law government directly involved regulates relationships individuals government important body public law describes powers government authority private law called civil law regulates relationships civil law includes laws relating contracts ownership property practice nursing medicine pharmacy dentistry main sources laws rules conduct country constitutions legislatures judiciary system administrative regulations society authoritative body chaos prevented authority comes individual relinquishes rights order form government established authority govern
consumer submits care members health professions expectations behavior abilities caring demonstrated investigation patients written articles books letters editors newspapers periodicals health care consumers expect nurse professionally competent found especially true technical skills consumers apt doubt competence nurse unsure equipment casually spoken thought person confidence nurse surprising patient questioned physician pulse rate nurse shaking watch wondered working correctly quick compliment nurse carries procedure deftness assurance frequently hears patients speak nurse shots consumers expect nurses human emotions contagious patients tend enjoy persons cheerful obviously sincere care patients enjoy sharing humorous experience nurse illustrated figure humor relieve anxiety stress anger help develop warm relationships appropriately give humorous incidents serve therapeutic ends
data collection consists gathering information person seeking care purpose gathering data assemble information person health providing nursing care information person serves input data collection part nursing process analyzing situation involves humans complicated difficult procedure complex nature data gathering concerning person endless wished amass piece information found starting nurse needs ask data person situation data relevant data bearing influence connection situation consideration hard fast rule deciding information relevant questions answers help selection relevant data person age sex marital status occupation education economic status person considered nursing care ill health problem presumably data relevant woman labor differ information adolescent prepared appendectomy relevant data middle aged found overweight annual physical examination data nurse needs caring elderly woman lost spouse
primary requisite promoting behavior modification person involved true types nursing care aware behavior interferes helped develop plan objectives behavior modification plan chance succeeding involving person program important ethical implications discussed later chapter behavior modification requires desirable behavior reinforced undesirable behavior common tendency call attention undesirable behaviors reprimanding person stopped smoking harassed friends family lit cigarette ironically rarely comment change behavior person cuts finally stops smoking observation reported persons overeating failing follow therapeutic regimens neglecting habits personal hygiene behavior modification programs behaviors nurse patient attempting increase reinforced rewards theory behavior rewarded repeated strengthened behavior decrease frequency finally eliminated authorities reinforcement desirable behavior administered consistently immediately desired behavior occurred honesty sincerity person attempting lose weight praised immediately sincerely scale weight loss
mentioned previously physiological processes decline beginning age continue death height physiological efficiency passed middle adulthood reached basal metabolism rate tends decline hormonal levels taper arriving age important milestone figure illustrates crisis results declining physiological processes thoughts death realities leisure ordinarily increases children leave home careers established physical demands participation leisure activities characteristically conservative general sedentary middle adulthood dramatic physiological change occurs climacteric decline cessation reproductive ability women psychological accompany physiological discussed later section question experience climacteric certainly marked physiological women experience testosterone level begins decline male lose ability produce sperm capable fertilizing ovum fatherhood noted males late seventh eighth decade true females psychological occur period result speak write climacteric technical standpoint term refers females
fear emotional response characterized expectation harm unpleasantness body reacts attempting avoid withdraw threat afraid sympathetic innervation earlier places body readiness action avoid escape harm person fear aware danger insight reasons fear ordinarily doubts ability handle fear general present real patient conceal fear shown absence emotion fear ideal infinitely precarious experienced fear lives doubtful survived dangers fearful fear accidents results safer automobile driving possibly lifesaving devices nonswimmer fear water head patients fears express freely patient afraid receiving oxygen therapy danger explosion explanations nurse patient visitors alleviated fear readily hand patients reluctant express fears believing unintelligent nuisance ask questions hospitalized patient eventually marked fear receive breakfast patients served
chapter focus primarily observation collecting data methods commonly inspection palpation percussion auscultation inspection purposeful systematic observation inspection involves visual sense looking observe color skin wound drainage inspection involve sense hearing listening nature cough quality voice inspection utilize olfactory sense smelling detect characteristic odor palpation involves sense touch examiner hands fingers feel press body palpation skin touched detect change temperature abdomen examined feel internal organs percussion involves tapping area body fingertips percussion hammer order examiner listen sounds determine density tissue instance percussion examiner taps patient chest wall determine sound created fluid solid mass present sound dull level fluid obstruction passed hollow sound heard auscultation sense hearing interpreting sounds body performed aid stethoscope auscultation examiner listens patient heart lung sounds stethoscope blood pressure measured
factors responsible maintaining blood pressure circulatory system high pressure system arteries low pressure system capillaries veins arterioles fine muscular tubes arterioles contract caliber small blood flows capillaries arterioles overcontraction condition called vasoconstriction opposite condition arteriole walls relaxed increased amounts blood reach arterioles arterioles dilation vasodilation arterioles partial contraction fully dilated fully relaxed constriction greater normal results higher blood pressure constriction results lower blood pressure factors normal degree vasoconstriction affects diastolic pressure chief determinant persistent diastolic hypertension common blood pressure disturbance increased amounts blood pumped arteries cardiac output increased arteries distend resulting increase blood pressure blood pumped arteries cardiac output decreased blood pressure fall weak pumping action results lower blood pressure strong pumping action blood volume low hemorrhage blood pressure low decreased pressure arteries
proctosigmoidoscopy visual examination rectum rectosigmoid junction lower sigmoid colon proctoscopy visual examination rectum anoscopy visual examination anal canal lighted tubular instrument called endoscope examining inside similar organs cavities length instrument portion intestine viewed vary examination physician performs examinations assistance nurse proctosigmoidoscopy proctoscopy anoscopy performed part physical examination generally detect presence malignancy suspicious tissue found biopsy biopsy removal piece tissue microscopic examination prevalence cancer lower intestinal tract recommended endoscopic examination routinely persons past age performed symptoms bowel habits blood stool examination detect presence intestinal abnormalities area examined sterile medical asepsis sufficient surgical asepsis added safety precaution biopsy anticipated required equipment includes endoscope size length intended purpose mechanical suction air insufflator forcing air colon order separate mucosal folds biopsy forceps
pain sensations conducted pathways clearly defined areas questionable specific pain organs cells body interlacing network undifferentiated free nerve endings receive painful stimuli estimated million nerve endings body numerous layers skin internal tissues joint surfaces deeper tissues body pain receptors diffusely unevenly spread somatic pertains structures body wall visceral pertains internal organs body cavities somatic sensation carried dorsal gray horn cells spinal cord spinothalamic tract eventually cerebral cortex autonomic nervous system efferent system carries impulses central nervous system pain sensations viscera apparently course autonomic system system sensations deep lying structures reach spinal cord dorsal roots continue pathways sensations skin superficial body structures pain impulses carried cranial nerves central nervous system integration sensory impulses pain entire central nervous system route highest level integration occurs cortex phenomenon referred pain pain area removed stimulation origin follows
nurses employed health agencies serve food need acquaint details nursing responsibilities forms order diets limits ordering ways changing diets canceling diets patients regular minor restrictive diets menus select foods prefer meals type tray tray cover dishes silver nurses realm control general appearance tray attractive served agencies increase attractiveness tray cards holiday favors home care patients nurse patient adding flower colored cloths napkins serving course adding treats cookies candy patient permitted health agencies care units permit patients served cafeteria dining room dietician present help patients special diets selection foods dining rooms provisions groups patients eat solarium thoughtful gesture true especially holidays special occasions rare person prefers eating health agencies provide special menus children teenagers
describing common nursing measures dealing elimination problems define terms urine voiding nurse wish familiar anuria suppression urine production total anuria occurs kidneys produce urine bladder remains empty kidneys produce scanty amounts urine term oliguria anuria oliguria signs polyuria diuresis excessive output urine times urine produced kidneys enters bladder eliminated excessive storage urine bladder called retention term incontinence synonym enuresis technically incontinence inability retain urine feces semen term enuresis referring child involuntarily urinates night chapter hematuria refers urine blood present large quantities urine bright red reddish brown color pus urine called pyuria urine appears cloudy pyuria confused cloudiness occur normal urine stands cools albumin urine called albuminuria proteinuria indication kidney disease albumin present urine voided periods bending walking running called orthostatic albuminuria phenomenon circulatory system necessarily symptom kidney disorders
serving olfactory organ nose functions airway lower respiratory tract protects tract cleaning warming air inspiration small hairs called cilia project surface nasal mucous membrane important helping remove particles dirt dust inspired air nose serves resonator speaking singing nose divided left chambers nasal septum pairs nasal sinuses communicate nasal fossa frontal ethmoid maxillary sphenoid sinuses filled air lined mucous membrane similar lines nose position nose secretions drain easily person upright position connection upper respiratory tract mouth secretions drain area person reclining nose sterile cavity connection sinuses utmost caution nasal instillations medications instilled nares primarily relief nasal congestion authorities recommend drug normal saline solution oily solutions tend interfere normal ciliary action nose aspirated result pneumonitis anesthetics antiseptics instilled nose local effects
nurse responsible teaching medication administration patient family member technique explained demonstrated patient family member fully understands techniques practiced patient presence nurse patient acquired sufficient skill safe administration technique patients need clear explanations dosage frequency drug administration studies shown frequent errors administered drugs lack understanding dose frequency taking medication written instructions color coding systems reminders especially tools help patient learn drugs takes patient needs aware effect desired drug undesirable effects symptoms toxic side effects taught exact courses action symptoms occur patients drug therapy explained integral part health generally conscientious maintaining regimen principles teaching chapter recommended teaching programs chapter pointed plans teaching person errors fewer found individual takes active part planning health care taking medications included help responsibility health care important encouraged extent
grieving emotional response loss dr george engel phases grieving respects resemble ross stages dying grief association death separation loss involve losing functioning body part job pet meaningful person terminally ill grieve loss capacities impending loss person grieve anticipation losing authorities feel families health personnel caring terminally ill persons grieve loss dr engel views process grieving normal essential recovery loss compares grieving wound healing response psychological trauma response physical trauma wrote define grief typical reaction loss source psychological gratification compare experience loss wound subsequent psychological responses loss compared tissue reaction processes healing successful grief grieving follow predictable steps permit judgment healing taking place healing process interfered unsound intervention failure provide optimal conditions healing individual resources task normal healing processes grieving accelerated
let activate diode connecting battery negative battery voltage repel electrons material positive battery voltage repel holes material sufficient voltage electrons move negative terminal battery junction positive battery terminal create flow current positive holes move material junction battery maintains current flow current flow semiconductor holes present junction electrons move fig shows forward bias connection semiconductor negative positive connection creates repelling action battery voltage electrons holes congregate junction large numbers current flow diode let happens reverse battery connections shown positive battery attracts electrons junction minus battery attracts holes junction result current flow type battery connection called reverse bias diode block current flow summary diode allow current flow voltage diode electrons holes congregate junction area diode allow current flow voltage diode junction area void electrons holes
effects magnetism observed fragments iron ore called lodestone found nature seen attract pieces iron discovered piece iron ore suspended air align end pointed north pole earth end iron bar called north pole pole end south pole piece iron ore called bar magnet principle basis compass aid navigation study bar magnet revealed attractive force exerted bits iron iron filings iron filings distance bar magnet clear force existed space close bar magnet space magnet iron filings attracted called field force magnetic field magnetic field invisible lines force pole enter pole theory magnetic lines force dramatically shown sprinkling iron filings piece paper resting top bar magnet paper lightly tapped hand iron filings line form clear pattern bar magnet pattern shows lines force heavily concentrated poles magnet spread surrounding air poles
conductor moved magnetic field voltage induced conductor principle called electromagnetic induction defined inducing voltage conductor moves magnetic field show move straight wire conductor magnetic field horseshoe magnet connect sensitive voltmeter ends wire needle register small voltage wire moved magnetic field wire moved parallel lines force voltage induced conductor cut lines force order induce voltage observed voltage polarity positive negative poles stated current flows positive terminal voltage source external circuit negative terminal source wire cutting magnetic field source electricity positive negative end battery unlike battery polarity ends wire change polarity depends relative direction wire movement direction magnetic field determine polarity ends conductor consequent direction current flow consider straight wire moving left magnetic field shown fig
fast charging battery high charging rate short period connect battery fast charger battery sure follow manufacturer instructions charger portable type charger shown fig remove battery fill cells distilled water level recommended manufacturer set charging rate approximately amperes volt battery approximately amperes volt battery start charger charger operated minutes note electrolyte gasses excessively battery sulfated charging rate reduced prevent damage reduce charging rate electrolyte produces comparatively bubbles gassing stopped entirely replace cell caps charge established rate battery fully charged battery badly sulfated lowest established rate fast charging result excessive gassing occurs slow charge battery accurate method determining correct fast charging rate voltmeter battery connected fast charger connect voltmeter main terminals battery charge full rate minutes note voltmeter reading reading volts volt battery volts volt battery charging rate reduced prevent damage
keeping level electrolyte battery cell basic step battery underfilling electrolyte concentrated making plates deteriorate rapidly low level exposes tops plates harden chemically inactive overfilling electrolyte spill corroding battery posts cell covers water part lost battery electrolyte loss water due evaporation especially hot weather charging battery sure distilled water clean soft water correct level electrolyte tops cell plates bottom cell filler neck overcharging loss water cells separating electrolyte hydrogen oxygen gases gas bubbles wash active materials plates reduce battery capacity battery water check overcharging overcharging battery heat inside oxidates positive plate grids resulting loss cell capacity early failure battery stays undercharged sulfated sulfate formed plates dense hard chemically irreversible allowed remain plates periods lowered gravity levels battery likely freeze cold weather undercharged batteries fail crank engine lack reserve power
shunt generator similar basic generator earlier pole brush unit armature commutator field load circuits operation voltage induced armature rotating magnetic field current commutator field load circuits brushes shunt generator external voltage regulator control field circuit shunt refers field coil parallel armature generator field circuit shown fig circuit voltage regulator points located field coils field circuit grounded end generator regulator end attached insulated brush inside generator circuit called circuit note generators field circuits regulator points located field coils field coils grounded inside generator models called circuit generators farm industrial machines present chapter cover common circuit generators brush generator brushes means controlling flow current main brushes insulated grounded positioned neutral point commutator obtain maximum voltage brush means picks maximum voltage
important observe current flow external load resistor direction voltage current rectified unidirectional voltage current circuit arrangement charge battery produce output obtained generator order obtain higher output smoother voltage current phase stator connected diodes form phase full wave bridge rectifier operation connected stator illustrated delta connected stator battery connected output terminal energy restored alternator charging current note blocking action diodes prevents battery discharging directly rectifier explain direction current flow stator rectifier combination review briefly previous discussion concerning voltage curves produced connected stator winding reference voltages developed loop loop voltage curves reproduced reference individual loop voltages rectifier diodes rectifier connected terminals stator voltages rectifier diodes phase voltages ba cb ac
problems listed chart caused charging circuit components means complete circuit check isolate faulty component located problem alternator service alternator bench disconnect battery ground cable disconnect wires drive belt alternator remove alternator machine select clean lighted area alternator service prior disassembly pre test precautions remember alternator disassembled correct problem detailed procedures refer alternator machine technical manual dismantle standard alternator give general procedures alternators equipped isolation diode remove assembly alternators regulator mounted directly alternator housing case remove mounting screws wiring leads lift regulator brush assembly separate unit part slip ring end frame separate unit remove mounting screws wire leads tilt slightly top slip cavity separate slip ring end frame rectifier diode assembly stator drive end frame rotor removing bolts slip screwdrivers slots drive end frame stator inch deeper damage stator windings
basically regulator jobs allow battery current excite alternator field coils control charging voltage safe values operation figs show circuits typical alternators regulators similar operation let regulator fig operates starter switch turned circuit completed battery current flows starter solenoid starter ignition switch shown red lines starter solenoid sends current ignition coil starter switch sends current alternator indicator lamps regulator current flows regulator voltage values govern course current voltage resistors instance zener diode critical break voltage voltage felt base voltage emitter current flow shown blue lines voltage difference emitter base circuit current flow emitter base collector collector current goes excite alternator field vertical red line slight amount current flow travels alternator ground shown dotted red line early part engine operation similar starting period engine speeds alternator field rotor generates voltage flows supply loads
completed load test interpreted results let assume starting motor perform specifications requires disassembly testing motor starting motor disassembled repair replace defective parts show procedures completely disassemble assemble typical starting motor externally mounted solenoid switch precaution wear safety glasses job starting motor disassembled clean part inspect excessive wear damage inspection disassembly things easy disassembly checking bearings proper clearance roughness galling removing oil dirt insulation inspecting condition insulation step disassembling starting motor remove commutator end frame mark position end frame main frame chalk removal aid aligning parts reassembled removing end frame note location brush assembly brushes located end frame careful removal located main frame removing end frame check brushes slide freely holders full contact commutator brushes worn half original length replaced step disassembly disconnect solenoid externally mounted
check starting motor periodically operation vehicle help eliminate failures due neglect abnormal service requires daily starts operation dusty humid climates operation arctic tropical temperatures put added strain starting circuit tend wear parts rapidly conditions inspect motor frequently battery serviced sure current starting check specific gravity battery electrolyte regular intervals inspect cables connections clean tight prevent overheating operate starting motor seconds pausing minutes cool consult machine technical manual exact safe period thrown solder indication motor overheated operation abuse open circuits develop commutator bars resulting burnt bars open circuited bar passes brush severe arcing occurs bar soon badly burned bars severely burned starting motor serviced commutator repaired resoldering leads turning commutator starting motor mounting tight sure drive condition condition drive checked operating starting motor times noting action drive motor removed actually examine drive
engine started distributor points closed ignition switch turned current flows battery primary windings coil shown red current creates magnetic field winding primary winding current low voltage simply travels closed distributor points ground engine rotates starting drives distributor shaft breaker cam breaker cam opens distributor points phase ignition begins points open flow primary current stopped instantly stopping flow current magnetic field built windings collapse instantly field collapse creates induced voltage current flow primary secondary windings surge induced voltage primary winding absorbed condenser explained page magnetic field collapsing secondary winding induces voltage current flow secondary winding composed turns finer wire primary winding higher voltage induced volts surge high voltage pushes current secondary winding high tension terminal distributor cap shown red fig rotor inside distributor cap turns spark plug terminal directs voltage surge correct plug insulated cables spark plug current flows center electrode jumps gap creates spark
cutout switches break electrical circuit emergencies actuated manually automatically multiple contact switches knob key turned positions break contact circuits complex circuits combination lighting variable speed control fan heater push button switches momentary switches moved direction open close circuit simple jobs sounding horn buzzer twist switches give control push pull types give rotary action speed control simple circuits windshield wipers pressure switches operated force oil water air gas spring type units open close circuit automatically response pressure switches sending units oil pressure lamps push pull switch starter safety switch switch assure machine neutral engine started switch activated movement gear shift mechanism transmission neutral closes switch starting circuit turn engine starting machine gear switch contacted stays open preventing engine start starter safety switch ball spring mechanism
faulty regulators lately problem replace regulator don owner maintenance program trouble shooting talk operator electrical systems statements hear experienced trouble shooters shop maybe trouble shooters regulator problems job mean regulator bad situation alternator failed wiring lead broken customer afford expense replacing parts sure part bad requires replacement quotation wasn trouble shooter hit miss parts replacer maintenance key trouble shooting certainly problems soon caused electrolyte level battery checked generator drive belt tension checked quotation couldn trouble shooter overlooking effects poor maintenance equipment broke problem erratic happen breakdown questions answered talking operator answers help trouble shooter recreate problem accurately diagnose quotation trouble shooter
serviceman arrived scene thing locate operator ask happened noticed unusual machine operation battery run yesterday morning machine idle overnight operator started slave battery alternator indicator light okay stayed operation started unit times slave battery morning tried start discharged talking operator serviceman felt visual inspection helpful unit started checked battery noticed electrolyte level slightly low battery terminals corroded connections tight inspection wiring provide clues starting unit serviceman checked charging circuit hand alternator clue alternator warm extremely hot smoking moderately warm possibly problem warm alternator case mean current flowing alternator field circuit didn unusual hinder starting serviceman operational check unit check mind warm alternator turned starting switch checked dash gauges engine oil pressure light dim
read paper death obituary page peaceful ends front page deaths violence reported ramon de parma assassinated abortive revolution native latin american country country story meant grind political axes de parma newspaper story colonel army country army gathered aristocratic strongly antidemocratic clique deal running things liked didn shot colonel de parma head breakfast terrace home overlooking beautiful bay piece de parma thirty thought couple older difference point de parma story thinking remembered swords sort duel de parma involved memory news item think called poetic justice stories poetic justice fashion stories days poetic de parma run saber revolution shot
capture giant anteater main objectives going rupununi heard easier catch grassland forests guiana days arrival karanambo talk think anteaters eventually mcturk promised morning breakfast short squat amerindian materialized front house disconcertingly silent bronze mongolian looking face dark slitlike eyes saved crafty shy twinkle dressed simply remains shirt pants sleek black head perched absurd pixie hat constructed velvet expecting fierce warrior clad vivid feather headdress daubed tribal signs clay disappointment air dour confidence found comforting francis mcturk waving apparition think knows find anteater greeted francis delightedly known whereabouts large reef gold discovered questioning francis known anteater seen days matter
gorge bent walls fell suddenly edge bleak boulder strewn valley osborn saw leading column threading slowly huge rock masses gorge mouth flat bare place stopped pointed cried knew instantly file sprang taut jerked rope swiftly complete silence open ground osborn stood raised eyes records indian topographical survey says mountain himalayas altitude ft highest peak british india fourth highest known tertiary formation sedimentary limestone spent months lives cases reading thinking planning lay moment statistics geology knowledge thought plans remote forgotten faraway western cities bereft eyes single electric perception valley stretched miles rocky desolation left bounded low ridges eye slowly mounted drew closer valley longer valley narrowing rising corridor cliffs
accumulate christmas savings fruitcake fund moneys hidden ancient bead purse loose board floor chamber pot friend bed purse seldom removed safe location deposit happens saturday withdrawal saturdays allowed ten cents picture show friend picture show intend hear tell story buddy imagine person age shouldn squander eyes lord comes let clear addition seen movie eaten restaurant traveled miles home received telegram read funny papers bible worn cosmetics cursed wished harm told lie purpose let hungry dog hungry things killed hoe biggest rattlesnake seen county sixteen rattles dip snuff secretly tame hummingbirds try till balance finger tell ghost stories believe ghosts tingling chill july talk walks rain grow prettiest town recipe sort indian cure including magical wart remover
enich leathery withered face deep creases nose corners mouth brown mole hid left emerged disappeared chewed dry grass stem hide bruce closed dry mouth swallowed pa won shot father crippled horse plain mercy shoot give pa lying heal yeah father sarcasm mirth lying hour bruce mother standing jim quickly kind brace put remember dad horse broke leg knee saved chance enich legs plucked weed stripped dry branches stalk horse understand wouldn worth trying children bones heal fast think colt don chance maybe bo husband don try shame lovely colt shame
walked house sun full sky smell grass refreshing emperor servant flier paused huge garden emperor clapped hands ho guards guards running hold guards seized flier call executioner emperor cried flier bewildered began weep beautiful paper apparatus rustled machine emperor asks created create knowing thing executioner running sharp silver ax stood naked large muscled arms ready face covered serene white mask moment emperor turned nearby table sat machine created emperor took tiny golden key neck fitted key tiny delicate machine wound set machine going machine garden metal jewels set motion birds sang tiny metal trees wolves walked miniature forests tiny ran sun shadow fanning miniature fans listening tiny emerald birds standing impossibly small tinkling fountains
wandering minstrels middle ages traveled british countryside singing songs exchange food lodging songs minstrels sang called ballads ballads authors written origins ballads sung hundreds versions arose moving town forgot ancient lines substituted minstrels changed words making additions omissions centuries ballads written permanent form ballads sprang sources underwent drastic revisions telling distinctive features ballad highly dramatic story told verse dialogue story deals limited number characters includes facts needed telling single incident secondary details omitted listener filling listening lord randal imagine setting characters look girl motives poisoning young feature elemental themes ballads deal treachery cunning death love jealousy ballads humorous tragic deal sensational feature characteristic verse form ballads
thought sleeping giant took amusing anecdote growing lightly wrote months blank verse quatrains didn sense finish rhymed took months finished end line found frustrated knowing line number things tie poem unable staring unfinished poem tried sorts unsatisfactory conclusions morning watched astonishment gratitude intelligent hand write correct line telling winter pulled sheet head killed giant consistent domestic detail sheet gave visual image snow named unit school child learned distinguish reality fantasy regarded poem problem solved technical problem liked think poetry skill spirit puzzled friends editors began poem seriously aware giants folklore mean denied refused recognize possibility meaning poem think denial real sources poem psyche writing known saying able say
ah mark ruinous investment heartless rhymes ridden nightmare night hour hour moment saw suffered torments lost saturday evening sudden call telegraph took night train boston occasion death valued friend requested preach funeral sermon took seat cars set framing discourse opening paragraph train started car wheels began clack clack clack clack clack clack clack clack clack odious rhymes fitted accompaniment hour sat set syllable rhymes separate distinct clack carwheels fagged chopping wood skull splitting headache mad sat longer undressed bed stretched berth result thing clack clack clack blue trip slip clack clack clack cent fare clack clack clack buff trip slip clack clack clack cent fare punch presence passenjare
young burning passions proved inflamed madness coquetry girl widow granted withheld favors rivals began interchange threatening glances keeping hold fair prize grappled fiercely throats struggled fro table overturned vase dashed thousand fragments precious water youth flowed bright stream floor moistening wings butterfly grown decline summer alighted die insect fluttered lightly chamber settled snowy head dr heidegger gentlemen madam wycherly exclaimed doctor protest riot stood shivered gray calling sunny youth chill darksome vale looked dr heidegger sat carved armchair holding rose half century rescued fragments shattered vase motion hand rioters resumed seats readily violent exertions wearied youthful poor sylvia rose ejaculated dr heidegger holding light sunset clouds appears fading party looking flower continued shrivel till dry fragile doctor thrown vase
looked thing wait till tell south alabama bill driscoll kidnapping idea struck bill afterward expressed moment temporary mental apparition didn find till later town flat flannel cake called summit course contained inhabitants undeleterious satisfied class peasantry clustered maypole bill joint capital hundred dollars needed thousand dollars pull fraudulent town lot scheme western illinois talked front steps hotel philoprogenitoveness says strong semi rural communities reasons kidnapping project radius newspapers send reporters plain clothes stir talk things knew summit couldn stronger constables maybe lackadaisical bloodhounds diatribe weekly farmers budget looked selected victim child prominent citizen named ebenezer dorset father respectable tight mortgage fancier stern upright collection plate passer forecloser kid boy ten bas relief freckles hair color cover magazine buy news stand want catch train
ready signal door beneath royal party opened lover princess walked arena tall beautiful fair appearance greeted low hum admiration anxiety half audience known grand youth lived wonder princess loved terrible thing youth advanced arena turned custom bow king think royal personage eyes fixed princess sat father moiety barbarism nature probable lady intense fervid soul allow absent occasion terribly interested moment decree lover decide fate king arena thought night event subjects connected possessed power influence force character interested case person possessed secret doors knew rooms lay doors stood cage tiger open front waited lady
tomlinson settle announcements winners morning class elections sure re interested quiet moments jay brownlee saw tomlinson give quick friendly smile felt color rise cheeks tomlinson knew aware important moment jay glancing room jay noticed classmates whispering laughing joking quietly eyes books wanted yell pay attention possibly nonchalant seemingly unconcerned didn realize announcement meant weeks ago short submitted candidate president junior class persuasion encouragement brother friends shy jay wouldn dreamed chance help tomlinson encouraged run committed circulating petitions carefully lettering posters writing rewriting campaign speech caught enthusiasm chances going successfully disaster struck series petty thefts boys locker room led investigation strict regulations
guess raised ranch fellow comes love horses naturally pa mine top bronc busters country champion tell stories rough horses ridden canada mexico won pair solid gold spurs cheyenne rodeo born story liked gold spurs mean story pull big watch show spurs fastened chain big gold nuggets caught gold chain rowels course trick pulling watch end story remind watch showed bedtime remember wanted top rider pa seventeen ranch horse riding sorrel mare pa took turns riding hills ranch cup saturdays worked kingman place pa horse billy boy kind git caught things afford
characters selections desires things want lead conflict choose subject composition characters peace mitchell de parma lafleur speaker fifteen write single paragraph feel character desires review language text qualities paragraph begin writing decide greatest desire character chosen write topic sentence makes statement character desire ramon de parma greatest desire power influence remember desire need object happiness love simply left motorcycle truly thing speaker fifteen desires motorcycle represents read lines bit figuring character wants characters don reveal desires outright develop topic sentence telling think choice support ideas referring specific details events selection written draft paragraph read carefully checking organization sentence structure usage spelling revise rewrite important element basic part literary works setting
stroke cycle engine complete cycle events intake compression power exhaust takes place piston strokes fig shows cycle diesel engine operation stroke power stroke piston moves power stroke diesel engine shown air compressed cylinder charge fuel sprayed cylinder ignites heat compression cycle engine intake exhaust place part compression power strokes blower force air cylinder expelling exhaust gases supply fresh air combustion cylinder wall row ports piston bottom stroke ports admit air blower cylinder uncovered intake flow air exhaust valves pushes exhaust gases cylinders leaves full clean air piston rises cover ports compression exhaust valves close fresh air compressed closed cylinder piston reaches top compression stroke fuel sprayed combustion area shown heat compression ignites fuel resulting pressure forces piston power stroke piston nears bottom stroke exhaust valves opened burned gases escape
substances encounter engines solids liquids gases physical states matter look fig truths solids definite volume shape liquids definite volume definite shape gases definite volume shape matter changed heating cooling water liquid changed ice solid steam gas changing temperature temperature returned original point water liquid water subjected physical change characteristics stayed summary matter changed destroyed mass confused weight mass measure matter body weight measure earth gravitational pull body mass earth miles km space weight space fig weighs pounds kg standing earth space weigh pounds kg location amount matter mass body things electricity light sound heat forms energy occupy space weight usual sense energy thing produces matter fig shows heat energy converting water light energy forming image film electrical energy working chemical cell
engine burns fuel develops heat produce mechanical energy major portion heat combustion chamber absorbed cylinder walls blown exhaust system lost mechanical energy resulting bhp output concerned efficiency engine limited part engine temperature range boyle law says gaseous mass compressed volume inversely proportional pressure temperature stays law governing factor engine design relative piston displacement compression ratio charles law says temperature gaseous mass result direct volume pressure temperature gas raised volume held constant pressure increase raising temperature holding pressure constant increase volume gas heat energy engine combustion chamber fuel air mixture expand combustion chamber restricted volume compression ratio change volume large entire power stroke change gas need full expansion combustion pressure raised appreciably diesel engine takes advantage laws discussed air gas fed combustion chamber reducing volume compression stroke raises air temperature pressure
knurling increases diameter piston precisely displacing metal thrust faces automotive pistons resized metal piston skirt upset special knurling tool shown displaced metal forced upward teeth tool producing checked surface increasing diameter piston note knurling pistons engines farm industrial machines sure piston cleaned check ring grooves deposits rings installed top side upward provide oil control refer engine technical manual directions installing ring types properly ring set instruction sheet ring expander prevent twisting stretching rings installation extremely careful twist expand rings permanently distort reduce performance ring expanding tool helps avoid danger ring ends located piston compression oil rings pinned rotate piston ring ends staggered locating rings manufacturer note installing pistons complete piston pin connecting rod bearing services follow chapter lubricate piston rings engine oil prior installation cylinder lubricates pistons rings cylinders engine cranking oil throw connecting rod journals adequate
part magnetized covered fine magnetic powder solution flaws cracks form small local magnet magnetic particles powder solution gather marking crack crankshaft demagnetized test method similar magnetic particle method sensitive employs magnetic particles fluorescent glow ultra violet light fine cracks missed test especially discolored dark surfaces disclosed light method nonmagnetic materials stainless steel aluminum plastics highly fluorescent liquid penetrant applied part excess penetrant wiped part dried developing powder applied helps draw penetrant flaws capillary action inspection carried ultraviolet light majority cracks revealed tests normal harmless damage part remember interpreting results important step crankshaft failures rare cracks breaks completely sure inspection discovered corrected repeat failure types loads imposed crankshaft bending forces twisting torsional forces design shaft forces produce stress surface
locate engine bearing failure steps remove oil pan engine draining removing bearings mark correct location mark lightly soft lead pencil code cylinder upper half bearing lower half note bearings showing signs damage excessive wear discarded bearings installed clean bearing halves removed suitable solvent remove sludge oil blow wipe dry observe sludge settlings engine oil pan sand metal particles disintegrated bearing linings found identified place cleaned bearings flat surface order position groups connecting rods farther main bearing nearer bearing surfaces face upper left open mind avoid reaching conclusion point examine connecting rod bearing operating surfaces noting distress areas rubbing areas examine main bearings closely inspect mains match connecting rod bearings distressed turn bearings show bearing backs examine fit bearings housing noting transfer pattern half
system high pressure constant stroke constant delivery pump discharges common rail header injection nozzle connected tubing spring loaded bypass valve header maintains constant pressure system returning excess fuel fuel tank injection nozzles operated mechanically amount fuel injected cylinder power stroke controlled lift needle valve operation injection system shown fig fuel cam lifts push rod motion transmitted needle valve rocker arm intermediate lever fuel area needle valve seat connected times fuel header needle valve lifted seat fuel admitted combustion space small holes drilled injector tip valve seat passing tiny holes fuel divided small streams broken atomized amount fuel injected controlled control wedge lash fuel valve wedge pushed valve lash decreased motion cam follower transmitted earlier push rod fuel needle opened earlier closed later lift slightly greater fuel admitted cycle wedge pulled left valve lash increased
fig drive shaft engages distributor rotor hydraulic head drive end rotor cylinder bores plungers plungers actuated simultaneously pump fuel internal cam ring cam ring lobes cylinders served cylinder engine pump cam rings transfer supply pump opposite end rotor pumping cylinders positive displacement vane type covered end plate distributor rotor angled inlet passages charging axial bore serve outlets hydraulic head bore rotor revolves metering valve bore charging ports head outlets outlets connected fuel line fittings injection lines lead nozzles covering transfer pump outer end hydraulic head end plate assembly houses fuel inlet connection fuel strainer transfer pump pressure regulating valve pump mechanical governor capable close speed regulation action weights retainer transmitted sleeve governor arm positive linkage metering valve metering valve closed shut fuel solid linkage independently operated shutoff lever understand operation let trace fuel pump complete pump cycle shown fig
fuel transfer pump assures fuel supplied injection pump times fuel pumped fuel filters assuring clean fuel reaches injection pump transfer pump single acting piston type pump mounted side injection pump driven cam injection pump camshaft fuel flows preliminary filter located transfer pump sediment bowl hand primer screwed transfer pump housing pump operated unscrewing knurled knob working knob knob pulled pump cylinder charged fuel knob pushed fuel forced fuel filters injection pump single acting plunger type injection pump engine driven camshaft rotates half engine speed roller cam followers riding camshaft lobes operate plungers supply high pressure fuel delivery valves injection nozzles governor operated control rack connected control sleeves plungers regulate quantity fuel delivered engine engine lubricating oil piped injection pump provide splash lubrication working parts pumping elements plunger barrel set supply engine cylinder plunger precisely fitted barrel lapping provide clearance inch mm small clearance perfect sealing results special sealing rings
follow special operating instructions operating turbocharged engine starting engine accelerate apply load positive indication oil pressure starting cold weather allow engine run minutes half throttle insure oil pressure turbocharger putting engine load stopping engine allow run slow idle speed minutes allow internal engine temperature normalize failure damage turbocharger engine due distortion coking oil passages engine stall operating normal operating temperature restart immediately prevent temperature soaking turbocharger turbocharger hot operation stopped stalled oil center section coke causing oil passages clog transporting idle turbocharged engine exhaust outlet exposed cover exhaust outlet prevent entrance foreign matter rotation turbocharger rotation turbocharger damage rotor bearings due lack lubrication occasions engine operating cover exhaust outlet prevent entrance water foreign matter center housing lubrication passages engine oil pressure directed journal bearings thrust washers fittings oil inlet outlet connections unit floating sleeve type bearings provide oil clearance bearing housing oil clearance bearing shaft
mechanical indicating system bourdon tube gauge attached tubing pressure source main oil passage engine block basic components bourdon tube gauge tube spring bronze steel pinion sector mechanism end tube permanently attached pressure inlet gauge end attached pinion sector mechanism oil pressure inside tube tends straighten tube movement acts pinion sector mechanism causing pointer rotate face gauge pressure read directly gauge mechanical gauge register pressure loosen oil line engine block remove oil leaks connection engine running pressure lubricating system means trouble oil line gauge check oil line leaks pressure gauge register suspect gauge defective replace known accurate gauge works correctly proves original defective electrical oil pressure indicating system parts sending unit pressure source indicating gauge control panel sending unit actuated pressure lubricating oil electrically actuates indicating unit units connected single wire grounded
intake manifold serve double function circulating air vent outlet type ventilation system tube connects crankcase intake manifold intake vacuum draws air engine manifold cylinders exhaust system ventilation valve regulate flow air manifold full throttle speed maximum vapor crankcase minimum vacuum intake manifold valve held open spring permitting full air flow system idle speed minimum vapor crankcase maximum vacuum manifold pressure air greater vacuum spring compressed valve closed air flow restricted bleed hole valve ventilating valves bleed hole design eliminates possibility backfire traveling ventilating system crankcase type system vane impeller pump circulate air air main air cleaner pumped engine outlet vent tube intake manifold begin inlet servicing ventilation system oil filler cap inlet periodically clean solvent main air cleaner inlet service regularly recommended engine manufacturer system ventilating valve service regularly
engine running idle speed operating temperature carefully remove radiator cap check bubbles oil surface coolant bubbles cylinder pressure leaking past cylinder head gasket lp gas leaking converter engine coolant replace head gasket repair converter oil present leaking past cylinder head gasket leaking engine oil cooler determine correct engine hot loosen cylinder head cap screw retighten torque key proper sequence tightening cylinder heads center outward alternating sides head circle shown fig exact sequence engine specifications note film oil head cap screw assure tightening servicemen realize importance torque wrench tighten cap screws nuts true cylinder head cap screws nuts say screw tight don realize importance tightening screw tension unevenly tightened cylinder head cap screws distort valve seats causing leakage cylinder head block surfaces result cylinder head gasket failure check clearance engine valves distance end tappet lever end valve stem piston top dead center compression stroke
turn starter switch open vapor withdrawal valve remove radiator cap check coolant bubbles caused leaky converter gasket bubbles present service converter remove drain plug bottom carburetor bowl drain water sediment bowl draining replace drain plug remove clean carburetor fuel inlet strainer flush strainer gasoline remove dirt worked engine severe service remove clean carburetor disassemble clean metal parts immersing carburetor cleaning solution clean blow passages dry parts compressed air reassembling carburetor repair kit operation carburetor float needle seat wear raises fuel level carburetor bowl increases fuel consumption false economy parts soon pay reduced operating costs carburetor installed check choke disk proper operation choke applied disk centered bore entirely close opening choke open disk parallel opening carburetor fuel adjustment checked later engine tested dynamometer check adjustment linkage speed control lever injection pump carburetor sure linkage operates freely entire range
inspect water pump pump leaking endplay shaft remove pump repair instructed engine technical manual inspect radiator hoses signs leakage rot sure inside lining hoses mushy restricts flow water replace hoses run engine stir rust sediment cooling system drain cooling system detach thermostat housing remove thermostat reinstall housing fill cooling system water run engine warm water stir rust sediment stop engine drain system rust sediment settles fill system solution water commercial radiator cleaner install radiator cap run engine solution warmed place cardboard front radiator core faster warm minutes drain solution fill clean soft water start engine let water circulate minutes condition system recommended freeze winter coolant conditioner inhibits rust summer add water pump lubricant recommended test action thermostat open temperature engine technical manual defective replace thermostat key factor cooling engine engine cold thermostat closed
system shown fig pump small constant volume charges accumulator accumulator charged full pressure unloading valve diverts pump flow reservoir check valve traps pressure oil working circuit control valve operated accumulator discharges oil actuates cylinder pressure begins drop pump flow directed unloading valve accumulator recharge system small capacity pump effective operating oil needed short functions need lot oil longer periods accumulator system handle accumulator large system shown fig shown system fig adding charging pump pumps oil reservoir variable displacement pump charging pump supplies oil required system inlet pressure variable displacement pump efficient return oil system functions directly inlet variable displacement pump shown saw earlier open center system simplest expensive hydraulic systems functions functions added varying demands function open center system requires flow dividers proportion oil flow functions
major automatic leveling system hillside combine special system parts fluid level system electrical system hydraulic system systems provide control activating hydraulic system operation follows combine enters hillside slope left wheels lower liquid leveling device activates electrical system solenoid moves leveling valve spool directs oil double acting leveling cylinders wheel left cylinder extends cylinder retracts wheels conform slope combine held level leveling opposite direction sequence reversed leveling oil trapped cylinders check valves leveling system shut automatically loaders bulldozers backhoes forklifts mounted machine propels sold custom units single job ease control hydraulics widely operate mounted equipment loaders mounted front wheel crawler tractors fig shows crawler loader hydraulic system open center type loaders kinds control raise lower boom dump retract bucket controlled hydraulics separate oil circuits controls operator dumps loader bucket moves control lever control valve send oil bucket cylinders extends cylinders dumping bucket
gear pumps pack horses hydraulic systems widely simple economical capable variable displacement produce volume needed systems fixed displacement charging pumps larger system pumps types basic types gear pumps external gear pumps internal gear pumps let external gear pumps gears mesh closely fitted inside housing drive shaft drives gear turn drives gear shaft bushings machined surfaces wear plates seal working gears operation simple gears rotate mesh trap inlet oil gear teeth housing trapped oil carried outlet chamber gears mesh form seal prevents oil backing inlet oil forced outlet port system oil pushed continuous flow trapped oil coming outlet chamber rotation gears inlet side gravity feeds oil reservoir replace drawn turning gears gear pumps pressurized plate working gears increase pump efficiency small amount pressure oil fed backing plate pressing gears forming tighter seal leakage
hydraulic stop stop piston point travel shutting flow outgoing oil piston retracts rod stop contacts arm shown moving stop valve seat restricting oil outlet trapped oil resists piston oil pressure rise opposite end pressure rise affects control valve returns system neutral piston rod stop adjustable stroke mechanical stops stop cylinders preset point strokes override feature built cylinder shown fig stop valve closes small bleed holes valve allow limited flow oil cylinder piston retracted holding control lever retract position action moves bleed valve inside stop valve finally seats end stop valve stopping oil flow cylinder spring mechanism incoming oil reopen valves stroke cylinder rate operation cylinders adjustable control valve cylinder means volume control device slave cylinder supplied master cylinder oil flows master cylinder actuating pressure oil flows poppet orifice piston opposite end cylinder
problems obvious big problems deserve attention prevent poor motor selection covered motor evaluation section tells importance selecting motor meets requirements application properly designed system insures lines size sharp bends create friction fluid overheating insures correct valving control operation pump motor lastly guarantees motor system compatible mechanical failures due normal wear operation preventable anticipated keeping accurate maintenance operating records preventive maintenance program sum section operation motor follow manufacturers recommendations specifications letter means operating motor limits repairing motor authorized parts select motor meets requirements system application mean motor exceed requirements poor operation loss efficiency preventive maintenance program complete accurate maintenance operating records concluding chapter points hydraulic motors emphasized hydraulic motors prominent systems applications previously electrical motors reciprocating engines source power
accumulators store energy boosters systems fixed displacement pumps accumulator stores pressure oil slack periods feeds system peak periods oil usage pump recharges accumulator peak accumulator protection failure oil supply power brakes larger machines system oil supply fails accumulator feeds charges oil emergency braking accumulators absorb shocks excess oil peak pressures let surge past reduces vibrations noise system accumulator smooth operation pressure delays variable displacement pump goes stroke discharging moment accumulator takes slack accumulators build pressure gradually soften working stroke piston fixed load hydraulic press absorbing rising oil pressure accumulator slows stroke accumulators maintain constant pressure weight loaded types place fixed force oil closed circuit volume oil leakage heat expansion contraction accumulator keeps gravity pressure system major types accumulators pneumatic gas loaded weight loaded spring loaded learned chapter fluids compress gases
hydraulic fluid medium power transmitted pump mechanisms produce cylinders hydraulic motors fluid important part hydraulic system fact estimated percent hydraulic problems stem improper types fluids fluids dirt contaminants speak hydraulic fluid cases mean highly refined petroleum oil additives suppress unwanted properties give oil desirable properties interject word caution hydraulic brake fluid hydraulic system designed petroleum base oils brake fluid petroleum product completely incompatible petroleum base hydraulic fluids development hydraulic equipment engineers careful studies fluids find suited enable product give efficient trouble free operation develop fluid properties essential fluid recommended instructions accompany hydraulic machine mechanism course hydraulic fluid capable transmitting power applied equal importance things provide lubrication moving parts stable period protect machine parts rust corrosion resist foaming oxidation capable separating readily air water contaminants
internal leakage result actual loss oil reduce efficiency system external leakage result direct loss oil undesirable effects internal leakage thin oil film built working parts hydraulic system lubricates mating surfaces valve spools cylinder pistons moving parts oil lost normal internal leakage eventually returns system reservoir internal leakage slow operation system waste power generation heat cases cylinders creep drift loss oil control valves internal leakage increases normal wear parts leakage accelerated oil low viscosity oil thins faster higher temperatures high pressures force oil leaking points system reason excessive pressures actually reduce efficiency hydraulic system internal leaks hard detect watch operation system sluggish action creeping drifting signs test system pinpoint trouble external oil leaks look bad expensive hazardous drop oil leaking connector cost operator lot money
hit miss trouble shooter title serviceman don fooled hit miss parts exchanger dives machine starts replacing parts finds trouble maybe wasting lot customer money trouble shooter starts brain facts examines pin pointed trouble checks diagnosis testing start replacing parts hit miss fast past dealer afford today prices complex systems today diagnosis testing trouble shooter program diagnosis testing basic steps system ask operator operate machine inspect machine list reach conclusion test conclusion let steps mean words homework study machine technical manuals system works open closed center valve settings pump output latest service bulletins read file handy place problem latest machine month bulletin giving remedy prepared problem knowing system reporter full story witness operator
gears straight teeth cut parallel axis rotation mating gears pairs teeth engaged times gears noisier mainly slow speeds avoid excessive vibration straight spur gears simple devices hand powered winches sliding gear transmissions speed easily shifted sliding shaft gear teeth helical spur gear cut obliquely perimeter gear straight engagement teeth starts tooth tip gear rolls teeth trailing edge angular contact tends side thrusts bearings absorb helical spur gears quieter operation greater strength durability straight spur gears contacting teeth longer helical spur gears widely machine transmissions today quieter high speeds durable herringbone gears double helical gears teeth angles reversed opposite sides thrust produced side counterbalanced thrust produced side sets teeth separated center narrow gap alignment prevent oil trapped apex herringbone gears suited quiet high speed low thrust applications heavy loads applied
contact surface worn smooth gears overloaded metal removed sliding pressure causing depression length teeth continuous result backlash severe peening misleading real wear rolling result overload sliding leaves burr tooth edge bearing support ductile metal results plastic flow metal due sliding pressure peening result backlash force causing tooth hammer tremendous impact cases lubricants forced metal bears directly metal wavy surface fish scales teeth angles direction slide caused surface yielding due slipstick friction resulting lack lubrication heavy loads vibrations caused temperature rise thinning rupture lubricant film heavy loads pressure sliding action heats gear permits metal transfer tooth face process continues chunks metal loosen gouge teeth direction sliding motion temperature rise slow high burning wear gear teeth show pitting minute micro pitting occur gray surface advance slowly actual pitted condition
pressure plate engages releases clutch disk typical plate assembly clutch plate bracket release levers springs heavy plate actually engages clutch pressing disk flywheel surface bracket mounts release levers springs levers pivot bosses plate levers pressed release bearing plate lifted clutch disk springs release lever push plate clutch engaged hold disk solid happens force levers released clutches centrifugal weights add extra pressure holding clutch plate clutch disk intermediate plate heavy duty clutches disks disks clutch engaged clutch disk held clutch pressure plate intermediate plate clutch disk held intermediate plate flywheel disengaged intermediate plate flywheel pressure plate assembly rotate unit clutch disks contact remain idle kinds clutch disks rigid flexible rigid solid clutch disk solid circular disk fastened directly center splined hub flexible clutch disk easily recognized torsional dampener springs located circles center hub purpose flexible type disk defined clearly dampener section chapter
fig added larger sun gear shaft concentric sun gear shaft bringing power planetary sun gear extra speed ratios obtained engaging ratios slightly faster ratios achieved small sun gear slower input speed underdrive ratios speed ratio direct drive drive sun gears input shaft speeds brakes released sun gears number gear teeth mesh planet pinions locked carrier speed input shaft speed direct flow power sun gears clutches installed rear engine clutches turn engine speed engine running ready transmit power sun gears planetary power transmitted sun gears shafts inside complete transmission compound planetary unit fastened unit planet pinion carriers fastened output planetary input planetary forces planet pinions rotate orbit transmission centerline power transmitted planetary
speed range control lever moved forward spool displacement control valve moves neutral oil flow lower servo cylinder forcing swashplate connected servo cylinder tilt oil expelled opposing servo cylinder returns displacement control valve pump case swashplate reaches tilt set control lever displacement control spool returns neutral traps oil servo cylinders holds swashplate tilted shown swashplate remain position speed control lever moved operator pump drive shaft cylinder block rotating counterclockwise top swashplate tilted left low pressure oil enters port check valve forces pistons pump align port swashplate filling pump cylinder block swashplate tilted oil pump receives driveshaft continues turn cylinder block pistons forced block tilted position swashplate pistons move block oil cylinder pressurized cylinder aligned port pressure oil moves port cylinder motor aligned port distance pistons pump reciprocate cylinder block depends angle pump swashplate tilted
hydraulic system fairly easy maintain fluid lubricant protects overload mechanism operated properly damage hydraulic system speed heat pressure contamination hydrostatic system clean impurities dirt lint chaff damage thing seal openings service prevent dirt entering system careful parts clean replacing internal service pump motor extremely clean conditions tolerances units similar diesel injection pumps equal care removing part hydrostatic system servicing sure area clean steam cleaning equipment let water enter system sure hose line connections tight steam cleaning fuel oil suitable solvent paint thinner acetone remove loose dirt foreign material system opened clean bench table disassembling pump motor servicing perform internal service shop floor ground danger dust dirt blown parts
flat belts belt performs conveyors draper belts movable idler provide clutch action clutching flat belts release completely belts grooved sheaves flat belts designed center bulge help belt pulley centrifugal force tends throw belt outward climbs widest diameter pulley stays perfect alignment pulleys belt operation tension needed transmit load slippage tension greater belts flat belts expensive belts longer shape reduces friction fatigue flat belts need care maintenance belts common means driving light loads short range pulleys pulleys sheaves high steep flanges belt run driving friction entirely sides belt effective wedging action belt taper belts small cross section reduce friction heating greater load capacity high speeds flat belts belt tension nearly compared flat belts belts operated slack top bottom
level shaft machinist level shaft teeth multiple width sprockets check shafts parallel feeler bar distance shafts sides equal bolt bearings securely check axial alignment sprockets straight edge applied finished surfaces sides sprocket aligned tighten hub set screws remove connector link wrap chain sprockets bringing free ends sprocket install connector link sure tap chain pin links fasteners snugly connecting link plate helps ways designed clearances link plates chain maintained oil link plates joints able flex freely smoother chain action chain fasteners longer offset links avoided offset link press fit pins adjust shaft centers proper chain tension horizontal inclined drives chain sag inch foot shaft centers side chain taut vertical drives subject shock loading reversal rotation adjusted spans chain taut drives fixed centers chain tension controlled adjustable chain tightener idler sprocket shoe
center crankarm drive called wobble shaft bent shaft drive shaft turns vertical motion absorbed hinged yoke horizontal motion motion counterbalance device counterbalance weight machine greater force driven sickle drive hay windrower sickle weight small relation platform weight counterweight basic field mower weight mainly cutter bar drive cam drives direct reciprocating motion action involve complicated delayed motions return starting point reciprocate cam drives spring load gravity track return starting positions shown fig lubrication key operation mechanical drives moving part parts making contact part lubricated bearings lubricated checked wear damage periodically cam tracks cam surfaces require greasing smooth operation minimum wear hinged areas need lubrication enclosed drives oil level checked periodically refer machine operator manual proper lubrication trouble starts place reciprocating drive
office workers wide range skills needed positions open qualified women ages races creeds married single federal government largest employer clerical workers payroll percent nation total number clerical workers taking examination obtain federal civil service rating enables apply openings federal agencies part country civil service tests school move position graduation salaries opportunities benefits offered federal civil service compare favorably jobs private enterprise women skilled office technicians demand positions armed forces generally chance getting job makes skills administrative capacity increased responsibility armed forces mean working living conditions higher rank personal privileges experience asset return civilian look job office longer operation clock schedules introduced maximum expensive automated equipment stand idle thirds current flexibility hours excellent employment opportunities students housewives part added income
spelling drills english tests penmanship practice bore wonder activities relate business find takes place office realize exercises help build essential fundamental skills basic clerical skills job job skills basic office jobs perfect abilities perform job effectively estimated business adds billion pieces paper files massive collection paper includes type written communication volume sounds impressive think countless oral communications required wheels business turning smoothly modern business simply function effective written oral communications effectiveness communicator depends ability read write speak listen able read speed comprehension summarize quickly accurately written messages boss workers public able convey thoughts clearly learn listen carefully grasp instructions ask repeated active listening art requires concentrate absorb retain message
modern executive works unrelenting pressure competition minimize risk danger failure works plans routines step operation picks staff find help operate business successfully interviews references investigations tests devices help screen job applicants hired worker generally observed probationary period employer watches worker carefully looks qualities considers important desirable employee including ability adjust employers report workers lose jobs personality deficiencies reason major personality hang ups affect create difficult problems job small irritations snowballing troublesome proportions employers tolerant minor shortcomings staff members tolerant shortcomings employees practical dollars cents limit patience employers seek traits supplement technical skills person soon discourage friendly help boss feel keeping clerk constantly found fault complained continually took hands matters concern
special low cost personal opinion messages permit sender express views matter public interest president united states vice president united states senator member house representatives similar messages intrastate basis governor lieutenant governor member legislative body messages limited text words elected officials listed telegrams overseas destinations ships sea called international telegrams transmitted western union international record carriers operating united states itt communications rca global communications trt telecommunications corporation western union international separate company western union french cable company carriers transmit messages overseas destination telegraph office handles communications country destination western union exercises control international carriers foreign telegraph office country destination sending telegram overseas western union carrier want preference place message international record carriers directly phone telex twx person messages transmitted variety means cable radio satellite fastest international service full rate telegram
regular intervals messengers clear sorting racks deliver mail departments messengers carts help carry large piles sorted correspondence deliver mail baskets receiving stations department packages letters arriving mail room registered certified insured mail special delivery private messenger service require priority treatment special urgency security measures involved mailing incoming mail supervisor records receipt letters packages special record book log shown pages item promptly special messenger person addressed special messengers mail room phone addressee report arrival special mail addressee sends messenger mail room claim item authorizes delivery scheduled mail distribution item addressed specific person mail supervisor opens envelope scans contents correspondence sends letter package proper person special messenger mail room crew handle letters parcels letters processed exception special items registered mail perishable fragile items special delivery packages items listed special watch list receive processing
important outgoing mail dispatched promptly general clerk small office send accumulated mail times corner mailbox mail chute building office located larger cities metropolitan areas special letter collection boxes provided street corners lobbies large office buildings similar letter collection boxes mailbag racks devices require sender perform preliminary sorting routing operation order save post office handling mail special delivery airmail items separate box bag priority attention mail area receptacle labeled local city mail cities goes box bag labeled town post office employs methods speed mail service zip coded airmail letters deposited airmail collection points city delivered principal cities mile radius cities convenient evening flights postal service experimenting downtown downtown service major cities united states plan letters packages weighing pounds deposited designated post office station guaranteed reach specific station addressee city pickup
let week sales report ecology file information tax sheltered annuities kinds requests employers common need information kinds order run business efficiently count find information note requests special characteristic common call information things businesses information filed subject system called subject filing organization information subject topic series requests employer sound need policy check invoice purchase order type form material filed number effective system known numeric filing system filing deal fact office important dates deadlines note remember boss say minnesota wisconsin distributorship lists ready meeting friday type information filed according date action filing according date called chronological filing finally system filing based geographic location called geographic filing customer boss say looking apartment hickory grove development
purpose chronological system track things sure dealt items requiring attention future date filed date action number beginning workday secretary administrative assistant pulls items marked date places boss desk important task boss counts performing follow chronological file front drawer regular files tub file desk tray desk drawer file file consist guide month set guides numbered guide current month front set guides rest month guides arranged file current month calendar order idea put folder month guide loose papers stored folders comes distributed set guides follow date determined ways instances item correspondence follow date date determined company policy boss decide follow date
tickler file organize information chronologically reminded date organized follow file set month guides set guides charge records place duplicate substitution card duplicate requisition form tickler file date borrowed record folder returned check records due returned extend date return notify borrower receive request record delivered future date place request proper date tickler file act business papers pile month month shouldn indefinitely active files valuable space importance diminishes passage disposal records generally handled according standard routine suppose drawer file cabinet top drawers current correspondence lower drawers hold correspondence previous end calendar fiscal contents top drawers drawers interchangeable moved lower drawers contents lower drawers discarded moved storage files
illustrations diagrams charts traced offset master traced mimeograph stencil merely place illustration want trace illuminated drawing board position paper offset master illustration light glass outline image master tracing fill solid areas master duplicating pencil ink processes improved supplies equipment practically operate printshop office offset duplicator playing role firm private printing press copy set composed metal type printers composed office aid special typewriters drawing table glue pot skilled help prepare price list involving typefaces sizes ibm selectric varityper changeable typefaces special typefaces create functional attractive effects justowriter produces justified straight margin similar margins found book pages newspaper columns typewriters provide proportional spacing sophisticated piece equipment called phototypesetter produces display type styles sizes photographic process letters special characters typed keyboard machine special photographic paper output preparation master
obtain complete information instructions starting assignment exactly supposed supposed materials chance turn excellent performance office assignments routine repetitive nature able master completely going able fill requested touch procedures change knowing remember easily forget routines details don stay alert developments watch read instruction sheets bulletins manuals concerning methods procedures unobtrusive listener forthcoming progress observant going especially addition close touch boss ask questions don sure record information pick file place readily accessible speedy reference future valuable find need mindful priorities important jobs re sure priorities ask boss wants office busy place procedures involving paper amount
perform job efficiently desk stocked supplies need business firms kinds paper including plain bond letterhead stock manifold sheets duplicating paper multiple copies generally quality bond paper chosen company letterheads paper identified weight things letterhead stationery popular pound weight plain bond paper quality weight succeeding pages letter customary thin paper known manifold carbon copies companies prefer glazed manifold called onionskin carbon copies prefer inexpensive tinted paper paper kinds duplicating mimeographing letterhead stock paper duplicating soft porous permit ink penetrate dry quickly copies needed weight paper determines acceptable copies heavy carbon suitable copies medium weight carbon paper yields copies thin lightweight carbon paper hard finish copies carbon film plastic backing paper durable initially expensive offices prefer timesaving snap carbon packs sheets carbon paper copy sheets
important purchasing system efficiency merchandise bought direct impact sales business eventual profit earned purchasing systems procedures vary greatly businesses activities common purchase raw materials manufacture merchandise resale equipment supplies utilities business involves number activities common organizations regardless size product lines services plan purchasing items called budget request goods services needs individuals organization known responsible purchasing called requisition firm orders needs suppliers issuing form called purchase order process involving accepting counting items checking defects putting items stock merchandise resold pricing marking customer receiving report form firms record items ordered arrived payments items purchased business called accounts payable topic discussed section amount money budgeted purchases depends factors previous sales trends consumer demand give businessman basis predicting future sales future purchases inventory stock hand influences purchasing budget large stock goods hand fewer purchases
important company payroll system operate efficiently employees paid correct amount money payday payroll system important company helps company maintain accurate accounting records keeps track payroll information reported federal government office workers paid fixed sum weekly salary based workweek exceeding hours earn half times hourly wage rate overtime hours double sundays holidays executives business receive regular salary paid weekly frequently month executives eligible overtime wages cases receive annual bonus unit performance level business conditions justify factory employees paid hourly basis job carries fixed hourly rate pay hours factory workers receive half overtime frequently double sundays holidays factory workers paid according number items complete plan known piecework wages salesmen frequently paid according dollar sales payments called sales commissions keeping track hours worked hundred employees complicated task definite system
large companies course able find person interviewing big firms thing review qualifications confidence abilities relax fair amount small talk put ease interviewer begin ask questions skills ask feel contribution company look truthful confident answer amount modesty temper reply course don modest employer impressed applicant projects belief qualifications unassuming appears unqualified study questions page sure answer hesitation give practice saying answers aloud arrange friend member family ask questions interviewed impression important think reaction meet doubt look interview important look friends family forgive occasional sloppy look seen looked
carbohydrates diet body lacking energy needs perform feel tired run fiber lacking diet constipation occur foods high carbohydrates abundant inexpensive deficiencies rarely occur caused prescribed diet severely limits carbohydrates diet carbohydrates excess carbohydrates changed fat stored body weight problems caused diet high carbohydrates medical problems related overweight high blood pressure develop extended period sugar dental caries cavities sugar sweet foods produce medium bacteria thrive gum disease tooth decay result dentists suggest limit intake sweets especially meals carbohydrates fats important energy sources fats belong larger group compounds called lipids fatty acids simplest lipids found simple compound lipids including fats oils fatty acids saturated unsaturated fatty acids carbon hydrogen oxygen amount hydrogen determines amount saturation fatty acids hydrogen atoms hold called saturated fatty acids fatty acids fewer hydrogen atoms hold called unsaturated fatty acids fatty acids fewest hydrogen atoms called polyunsaturated fatty acids
thiamin vitamin part larger group vitamins called complex vitamins complex vitamins water soluble distinctive properties vitamins body disease beriberi lead discovery thiamin beriberi disease nervous system widespread east japanese sailors fed diet polished rice developed beriberi died thousands numbness ankles legs severe cramping subsequent paralysis heart disturbances cases led death late japanese physician discovered beriberi disappeared sailors fed meat evaporated milk addition rice later dutch scientist observed similar symptoms chickens fed diet polished rice outer layers embryo rice added diet chickens recovered experiments identified thiamin deficiency beriberi grain cereals meats sufficient amounts thiamin polished rice insufficient amounts thiamin important functions body thiamin forms part coenzymes chemical substances combine inactive forms enzymes produce compounds enzyme activity needed breakdown carbohydrates body helps promote normal appetite digestion helps nervous system healthy prevent irritability helps body release energy food thiamin called morale vitamin
needs nutrients stay healthy quantity nutrients needs differs children nutrient needs adults active nutrient needs inactive person sex size help determine nutrient needs pregnancy hypertension heart disease diabetes medical conditions affect nutrient needs dietitians physicians plan diets meet special needs adequate diet adequate diet supplies essential nutrients amounts individual needs health planning diet recommended daily allowances basic food groups guide recommended daily allowances rda dietary standard summary nutrient requirements rda developed food nutrition board national research council published reviewed scientists fields revised times rda includes recommendations energy needs protein vitamins minerals allowances sex age group rda goes minimum nutrient requirements provide margin safety allowances permit full growth productive potential normal person country rda guide abnormal nutrient requirements sick convalescing special nutritional needs follow diet prescribed dietitian physician
food waste disposers eliminate smell mess wet garbage food put disposer ground tiny particles sharp blades particles washed drain purchasing disposer consider points need disposer means garbage disposal provided area adequate needs community forbid food waste disposers communities check buying food waste disposers models continuous feed batch feed continuous feed disposer switch activated food pushed disposer opening continuous manner batch feed disposer small amount food put disposer lid opening turned grinding action begins type disposer homes children fingers foreign objects accidently put disposer operating types disposers require cold running water entire grinding process cold water solidifies fat ground easily water needed flush ground particles food drain food waste disposers automatic reset button base unit disposer jam immediately shut food particle dislodged button pressed disposer begin working
saucepans pots cooking foods water liquids direct surface heat saucepans generally handle pots handles sizes range pint saucepan quart pot maximum cooking efficiency bottom pots pans diameter surface unit handles heat resistant comfortable hold pots pans sold matching lids double boiler small pan fits larger pan food put smaller pan small amount water put larger pan water simmers heat produced steam gently cooks food pressure saucepans cook foods quickly conventional saucepans foods cook quickly pressure increases temperature increases pressure saucepans sizes choose pressure saucepan carries underwriters laboratories seal approval sure read manufacturer directions carefully pressure saucepan skillets variety sizes lids skillets wide bottoms low sides generally heavier saucepans skillets pan broiling foods cooking foods small amount fat griddle skillet sides grilling sandwiches making foods french toast pancakes coated nonstick finish crepe omelet pan uncovered skillet narrow bottom sloping sides
styles meal service differ ways manner guest served number courses served person serves food major styles meal service american family service russian continental service english service compromise service blue plate service buffet service american family service style american homes dinnerware flatware glassware serving utensils laid table set serving dishes filled kitchen brought table passed table family members guests serve table clears main course brings dessert dessert served table kitchen russian continental service formal style meal service rarely american homes servants needed russian service serving dishes table guests filled plates food waiter waitress fills individual plate table plate replaces plate course removed served type service fine restaurants dinners originally english service homes servants food front host hostess
home canning reasons receive satisfaction eating food add special seasonings want avoid additives preservatives commercially canned foods feel home canned foods healthful reason home canning low cost home canning reduce food costs frequently equipment expensive buy plan save money grow food high temperatures destroy microorganisms enzymes heat resistant methods canning steam pressure canning low acid foods vegetables tomatoes meats poultry fish foods need higher temperature boiling water destroy food spoiling microorganisms enzymes boiling water bath high acid foods fruits pickled vegetables acid present foods temperature boiling water destroy microorganisms enzymes open kettle method jelly making high concentration sugar jelly helps preserve food oven canning method containers filled food low temperature oven period try method dangerous jars explode temperature high parts oven destroy microorganisms
select fruits top quality stage eaten fresh underripe fruit develop bitter flavor freezing working small batches carefully sort wash fruit soak depending fruit pit trim leave slice fruits need treatment sugar prevent darkening ascorbic acid ascorbic acid mixtures prevent darkening frozen fruits ascorbic acid crystalline form drugstores preserves color flavor adds nutritive ascorbic acid dissolved cold water ascorbic acid mixtures ascorbic acid mixed sugar sugar citric acid products expensive ascorbic acid pure form follow manufacturer instructions fruits packed methods dry unsweetened pack sugar pack syrup pack frozen sweetened fruits texture unsweetened fruits dry pack place prepared fruit shallow pan fruit requires antidarkening treatment sprinkle dissolved ascorbic acid fruit mix ascorbic acid mixtures dry pack sugar carefully pour fruit freezer container gently tap container pack fruit closely crushing leave inch head space allow expansion wipe top container clean damp cloth seal tightly label fruit type pack date
goal meal management planned spending nearly families find need establish food spending plan average families united states spend percent fixed incomes food factors affect family food needs food purchases amount money spend food family determined amount money food meal manager learn stay food budget family food needs affected activity size sex age member costs feed feed nutrient needs differ costs feed athlete feed office worker costs feed person weighs pounds person weighs pounds age costs feed boys feed girls costs feed teenager feed senior citizen special health problems influence food needs family member allergic wheat milk need special foods special foods expensive think families similar food needs spend amount money food true similar quantities nutrients purchased costs depending foods purchased
puddings require moderate cooking temperatures prevent scorching overcoagulation egg milk proteins starch grains separated cooking prevent lumping rice bread indian puddings dish hot water baking helps prevent overcoagulation proteins pudding recipes call scalded milk scald milk low temperature heat milk steams bubbles edges pan milk ready let milk boil eggs pudding small amount hot pudding added beaten eggs diluted egg mixture added rest hot pudding eggs added directly hot mixture coagulate lumps pudding cooked minutes longer completely cook egg proteins puddings cornstarch pudding versatile served fillings desserts prepare basic cornstarch pudding combine sugar salt cornstarch heavy saucepan mix add small amount cold milk stir smooth paste steps help separate starch granules add remaining milk scalded stirring constantly cook pudding moderate heat continue stirring pudding boils cook minute longer cook starch
vegetables cooked water steamed pressure cooked baked fried panned broiled vegetables cooked water cooked small amount water pan tight fitting lid tender prepare vegetables cooking wash carefully trim bruised areas wilted leaves thick stems vegetables cooked skins retain nutrients peeled vegetable scraper floating edge peeler paring knife protect nutrients add salt small amount water bring water boil add vegetables cover quickly bring boil reduce heat cook vegetables simmering temperature crisp tender drain serve vegetables immediately vegetables cooked throw cooking liquid valuable nutrients small amount cooking liquid served vegetables separate dish want liquid freeze small amounts ice cube trays later frozen liquid added sauces soups gravies young tender vegetables cook quickly steamed steam vegetables place steaming basket simmering water tightly cover pan steam vegetables tender shredded cabbage diced root vegetables celery sweet corn french style thinly sliced green beans cooked successfully steaming
cakes classified groups shortened unshortened cakes shortened cakes fat fat butter margarine hydrogenated vegetable shortening butter common fat cakes called butter cakes shortened cakes leavened baking powder baking soda sour milk pound cakes type shortened cake chemical leavener shortened cakes tender moist velvety unshortened cakes called foam cakes fat leavened air beaten eggs steam forms baking angel food sponge cakes unshortened cakes main difference cakes egg content angel food cakes egg white sponge cakes egg unshortened cakes light fluffy chiffon cakes cross shortened unshortened cakes chiffon cakes fat shortened cakes beaten egg whites unshortened cakes cakes flour sugar eggs liquid salt shortened cakes fat cakes chemical leavener unshortened cakes cream tartar flour structure cake gluten develops flour moistened mixed holds leavening gases carbon dioxide air steam cakes cake flour purpose flour cakes cake flour delicate tender cake flour lower protein content yields gluten finely granulated purpose flour
beginning italian cuisine belongs greeks ancient rome known elaborate feasts romans paid high prices greek chefs food status symbol cooking declined fall roman empire cooking food experienced rebirth renaissance french greatest western cuisine grudgingly give italy credit laying foundations haute cuisine catherine de medici italian brought cooks france married future french king henri ii cooks taught cooking skills french introduced foods peas haricot beans artichokes ice cream italian food lively interesting colorful varied basically simple italians believe keeping natural flavors food insist fresh high quality ingredients italian cooks shop daily foods fresh indulge convenience foods food costly season italian cook substitutes large extent foods prepared top range simmering frying fuel expensive oven homes pasta eaten italy strictest sense word pasta paste wheat flour dried shapes
fourths israel citizens jewish according bible jews descendants abraham settled canaan later called palestine ago known hebrew tribes centuries later hebrew tribes slaves egyptian pharaohs leadership moses hebrews completed journey egypt promised land palestine history palestine marked periods peace revolts invasions foreign rulers jewish population gradually dwindled jews killed sold slavery fled nearby middle eastern countries countries despite physical separation homeland jews able identity religion jews waited return place birth movement jews palestine began half century present israel declared israeli history marked territorial disputes neighboring arabs growth progress continue rapid rate fruits vegetables eaten israel grown guavas citrus fruits mangoes dates bananas avocados melons popular fruits cattle sheep poultry fish local sources cattle breeds suitable semiarid land raised fresh fish ducks scientifically raised farm ponds
aspects chinese culture chinese cuisine developed isolation result chinese cooking unique according chinese proverb prepared dish smell appetizing brought table stimulate appetite harmonious color combinations sound pleasing food chewed taste delicious today chinese dishes live high standards learning basics chinese cooking difficult fact dishes simple prepare familiar ingredients utensils cooking methods past chinese ingredients difficult impossible obtain america today large cities specialty shops stock chinese foods ingredients chinese recipes addition ingredients chinese cooks seasonings important seasonings include ginger root scallions garlic sugar fermented black bean monsodium glutamate msg hot pepper bean paste sesame seed oil star anise chinese peppercorns spice powder seasonings hard find america anise seed substituted star anise black peppercorns substituted chinese peppercorns mixture cinnamon ginger cloves nutmeg substituted spice powder need special equipment cook chinese style large sharp knife wooden cutting board heavy smooth skillet important utensils special tools shown helpful
heard read deal science scientists newspapers popular magazines radio television science deal explain change live today science word derived latin verb scire means science simply concerned knowing facts memorizing preparing quiz show demonstrate knowledge managed cram brains science look science defined accumulated accepted knowledge systematized formulated reference discovery general truths operation general laws science concerned finding unknown facts basic steps employed purpose observation reasoning experimentation facts eyes ears open knowledge gained paying close attention task scientist louis pasteur remarked chance favors prepared mind means subject likely recognize important training experience expand extend knowledge practice careful observation times
cells possess similar structures scientific concept cell small mass living substance called protoplasm center part cell seen small body circular outline nucleus portion nucleus cytoplasm composed protoplasm found nucleus small circular body called centrosome composed protoplasm examination cell microscope reveals main parts protoplasm turn consists cytoplasm nucleus centrosome cell membrane main body cell composed translucent jellylike substance colorless watery substance cytoplasm proteins fats carbohydrates water mineral salts growth reproduction repair activities cell carried cytoplasm control nucleus metabolic reproductive living functions cell regulated nucleus nuclear matter protoplasm differing chemically cytoplasm nucleus plays major role directing functions cell addition vital importance process cell division reproductive process genes pass exact characteristics parent cell cells limited replaced continuously reproductive procedure essential body nucleus cell division small body called centrosome appears
cold weather body attempts conserve heat exposing blood skin surface vessels constricted blood flows skin decrease shown effects flow restricted minor extent skin appears bluish insufficient warmth brought blood skin hands feet face ears feel cold uncomfortable flow completely shut skin turns white extreme measure occurs cold conditions attempt body warm blood flowing vital organs expense extremities warm clothing essential conditions fingers toes ears protected summer position reversed abundance warmth spread body blood vessels skin expand blood flows skin circulation air skin picks extra heat body longer requires body cooled assist process wearing light clothing hot weather consider uncomfortable feelings heat overcrowded room especially windows happen closed realize body heat skin present skin shows extra circulation blood appearing pink flushed
average scalp hair growth inch month produce excess feet hair growth scalp concentrated follicle growth requires considerable organization exercise structures organs body normal hair growth require constant supply nourishment food eat primary source nutrition fuel required drive living cells important food effect body natural foods fresh fruit vegetables substances required body refined foods refined sugar polished rice hand balanced amount diet carefully regulated health diet carbohydrate supplies energy require live excessive carbohydrate intake stored fat areas body hips prime aim dieting reduce amount excess food consumed carbohydrates pastry flour bread cakes potatoes cereals sugar sweets chocolate predominantly carbohydrates fats high energy foods closely related carbohydrates excess amounts carbohydrates fats stored fat fatty layer dermis butter cream ice cream cod liver oil peanut butter olive oil margarine
hair excessive porosity receive treatments special protective creams order hair services continue hair left service normal regrowth trimming affected section tinting present special problems due areas greater porosity areas hair soak tint rapidly giving rise uneven coloring hair shaft color fillers applied tint order porosity filler jelly substance mixture proteins keratin applied directly cuticle rubbing massaging filler hair combing brushing ths shaft porous sections hair shaft filler rapidly porous sections filler similar chemical properties hair effect evening porosity hair entire shaft makes permanent waving lightening hair coloring easier control permits improved results damage excessive porosity hair show signs damage brittleness split ends rough dry harsh lifeless look tangling knotting matting dry spongy feel wet hair type lack gloss sheen shows lowered elasticity poor manageability hair break slight strain handled extreme care
refer hair commonly scalp hair types hair known hair form found entire body palms hands soles feet lips backs end joints fingers eyelids fact types hair found separate distinct areas body distribution types hair body studies migration races american indians australian aborigines africans japanese polynesians beards moustaches body hair show marked differences density distribution pattern races ainus japan extremely hairy body hairless american indians number races hair typical characteristics relation length texture color curl density hair interest plastic surgeon doctor investigating physiological growth problems aging police criminologist finds endless varieties shape form hair unique individual experts claim person hair easily identified fingerprints observed microscope factors examined thickness hair shaft type cuticle scales nature pigment present characteristics medulla
normal hair salt bonds evenly distributed damaged hair salt bonds formed give patchy hair coloring effect color filler form protein treatment cationic rinse salt bonds formed site chemical damage job protein color filler regulate distribution salt bonds repair damaged hair joining additional protein substances material certified colors adjusted acid ph restore bonds cortex fatty materials lanolin waxes help condition hair reforming usual water inhibiting layer porous cuticle release excessive moisture clear gel hair fillers protein types oil water emulsions especially thickened gelled ph lower mildly acid usual conditioners oils waxes higher fatty acids active ingredient cationic compounds cationic compounds known form basis cream rinses disadvantages cream rinses stinging eyes scalp difficulty uniformly applying product hair low viscosity overcome higher molecular cationic compounds stinging gelled form easier comb hair material applied hair shampooed towel dried
hair molecules arranged form keratin arrangement molecules found substance keratin distinct readily recognized hair combinations atoms endless number compounds compound molecules characteristic chemical properties hair compounds harmless effect harmful damaging compounds molecules desirable effects applied hair skin proper manner compound easily broken original elements resemble original elements similar compound formed manner part water compound formed elements hydrogen oxygen clarify meaning word molecule let moment consider compound water heard term bit chemical shorthand clearly elements found compound water number atoms molecule letter stands hydrogen number letter atoms hydrogen letter stands means atom oxygen similarly atoms elements joined numerous ways combination forming compound unique formula
acid scale find ph range safe strong acid condition organic acid rinses vinegar lemon juice strip hair soap curds add body color rinses low ph figure ph covers mild acid range neutralizers hydrogen peroxide stock solutions mildly acid general solutions emulsions mild ph figure damaged hair conditioners fillers acid cream rinses treat damaged hair help prepare additional services likewise dandruff cosmetics mainly surface treatments scalp hair lower ph figure setting lotions type wetting agents softening hair fibers need alkaline setting agents decreased addition lightened hair needs milder setting conditions newer solutions give mild acid soapless shampoos mild range ph cuticle cleaned excess swelling solution entering cortex hair handles shampooed mild acids hair creams hairdressings emulsions mild acids condition cuticle oils add body acid content precise neutral point ph scale neutral range considered extend ph alkaline ph range hair sensitivity acid
investigation place cortex hair temporary permanent waving look natural waves hair profitable fortunate possess naturally wavy curly hair races tight curly hair typical theories exist unfortunately science able determine exact natural feature hair type wave characteristics wave controlled factors person naturally curly hair present factors control growth hair nature factors fully understood handed parents parents wavy hair offspring likely type wavy hair naturally wavy hair produced eating special food food eaten affect hair ways balanced diet essential healthy hair straight wavy diet lacking amino acids sulphur natural waves flatten young mothers complain straightened hair older person natural waves tendency shallower partly due diet hair growth bound body processes upset system alter change tendency waves
temporary hair set produced physical occur hair cortex nature physical hair set frequently desired basis finger waving pin curling roller curling wet setting artificial waving hair setting practiced originally carried dampening softening hair water lotion pliable hair carefully wound curls rollers left dry normal approximately moisture cortex water ability break hydrogen bonds cortex bonds occur adjacent polypeptide chains prevent moving slipping movement chains place proper wave formed stretching part hair strand roller curl temporary rearrangement chains water lubricates chains move relative hydrogen bonds broken total amount movement small strong sulphur bonds completely unaffected water continue restrict slippage polypeptide chains hair saturated water shampoo hair properly cleansed wetted rinsing excess shampoo essential prevent problems gumminess poor manageability dull appearance hair
hair allowed process varying periods processing broken bonds allow slipping keratin chains rods amount slip small chain vital success wave processing reached satisfactory stage shown test curls excess waving solution quickly rinsed hair manufacturers delete rinsing rely towel blotting remove excess lotion rinsing completed neutralizer carefully applied hair rods examples neutralizers purpose function solutions restore bonds adjacent keratin polypeptide chains cortex individual bond altered hold waved position giving waves permanent basis processing solution unable break straight bonds neutralizer convert bonds wave holding bonds reformed bonds weaker original unbroken cross bonds wave holding bonds numerous effect waves bonds formed neutralizer reason neutralizing solutions mild acids shrinking hardening cortex place result small amounts strongly alkaline permanent wave solution ph left cortex neutralizer destroy traces alkali acid ph
temporary hair colorings known color rinses azo dyes acid leave hair fairly condition unfortunately color rinses acid harden cuticle fail penetrate cuticle small amount color adsorbed surface soluble water color left cuticle easily rinsed addition pass cortex color natural pigments present visible slightly colored cuticle positive side wide range colors water rinses wide range colors despite handicaps popular color removed shampoo give poor money patrons prefer variety color rinses give opportunity try color making permanent feature opportunity wear flamboyant extravagant color special occasions stuck months water rinses complementary colors removing shades hair rinses affected physical condition cuticle result unevenness coloring hair shaft bleached hair tends color virgin hair bleach mordant virgin hair
emulsifiers overcome problem getting slightly soluble tint bases solution water carrier emulsion dry rapidly alcohol dissolving tint bases materials added thicken cream case tube packaging emulsion creams water emulsion thickened emulsion breaks storage form thin watery fluid tube tint useless separation shows product unstable discarded wetting agents required remove excess sebum cuticle oils greases slow entry tint base molecules cortex consideration fact hair excessively dirty greasy requires preliminary shampoo modifiers give special color effects hair popular ash shades tinting created special modifiers overcomes tendency tints form brassy unnatural colors hair conditioners included cream overcome tendency strongly alkaline tints damage cuticle conditioners help prevent drying effect tints addition lanolin conditioners common feature tinting restore normal condition hair reconditioning hair tint
removal previous tint lightening dark shades common practice tint stripper tint stripper strong oxidizing agent acts giant colored molecules reduce size parts molecules small pass cuticle colorless fragments rinsed hair color strip evenly tints mixtures red yellow black molecules red molecules left give red discolorations persist longer periods colored molecules yellow black easily removed hair hair strippers chemical agents intended strip color risk damage hair chemicals inorganic sulfites organic reducing agents moderating agents hair tints stripped liquid bleach vol hydrogen peroxide excess ammonia ph hydrogen peroxide solution boosted sodium peroxide tablet powder form action stripping carried conditions lead hair damage matter chemicals stripping rarely proceeds evenly resistant red pigments left give unsightly streaks hair action stripper break tint pigments smaller colorless particles fragments easily rinsed cuticle imbrications
professional nurse registered nurse college education baccalaureate degree trained coordinate aspects patient care technical nurse registered earned associate arts degree junior college diploma hospital nursing school nurses initials names licensed vocational practical nurse training program passed examination administered licensed identified initials health assistant trained assist care patients supervision assistant responsibilities training period weeks hospital assistant called names nursing aide nursing assistant health assistant ward attendant orderly assistant important person contribute comfort patient directly patient giving physical care emotional support care direction registered nurse licensed vocational practical nurse hospitals assign tasks assistant sure understand tasks expected health assistant takes special kind person interested takes pride oneself willing learn skills needed care sick
ethical code medicine set rules guides conduct care sick moral legal code established protection patient assume responsibility nursing care agree live ethical code basic rules ethics precious involved care patients puts saving promotion health easy rule mind give care patient dying fatal disease possibly patient comfortable give emotional support family protected basic rule concerns hear hospital information personal concern patient strictest confidence upset pressure find telling friend calmer moment sick person stress confide ethical code forbids repeating information personal gain believe information important welfare patient promptly report matter supervisor patient worried care children home greatly helped supervisor contacted social worker
microbes act ways produce disease human body pathogens attack destroy cells invade microscopic animals malaria invade red blood cells begin grow eventually red blood cells split open person experiences chills fever microbes tetanus organisms produce poisons called toxins travel central nervous system damage compete host tissue nourishment host cells die starvation cases presence organism body react violently known allergic sensitivity reaction familiar runny nose watery eyes occur fever believed symptoms due presence microbe individual sensitive beginning learned microbes wonder ill microbes inhabit body harmful microbes helpful maintaining health addition factors influence development infection general health individual numbers strength organisms presence favorable conditions growth organisms ability spores environment growth spores bear goes hibernation environment unsuitable
newer hospital mattresses treated plastic require moisture proof sheet cotton half sheet drawsheet selected cases half sheet lifter assist moving patient disposable paper pads easily changed patient needed lock bed wheels bed roll place chair side bed arrange linen chair order place mattress cover mattress adjust smoothly corners entirely side bed side completed side bed conserves energy place mattress pad top mattress unfold place unfold bottom sheet side wide hem top small hem brought foot mattress center fold center bed tuck inches sheet smoothly top mattress mitered corner tuck sheet side keeping sheet straight head foot bed place protective drawsheet rubber plastic upper edge inches head mattress place cotton drawsheet protective drawsheet completely cover tuck center working bottom cotton drawsheet extend inches protective drawsheet prevent plastic rubber touching patient skin
patients add general comfort feeling caring oral hygiene giving rubs brushing hair shaving male patients comfort measures pillows special equipment patient comfortable oral hygiene care mouth teeth performed times patient allowed special oral hygiene cleansing mouth helpless patient patient unconscious high temperature breathes mouth open require frequent mouth care proper cleansing teeth mouth help prevent tooth decay caries bad breath halitosis patient wears artificial dentures assistant responsibility lost broken extreme care handling dentures patient wearing dentures bedside table container labeled patient vulcanite dentures covered mild antiseptic solution plastic dentures dry dentures cleaned natural teeth toothbrush toothpaste powder container dentures cleaned filled fresh antiseptic solution dentures cleaned patient feel embarrassed wearing dentures assistant provide privacy removed cleaned
thirds body weight water careful balance amount fluid body amount lost normal conditions generally need concern balance takes care extra fluid lost vomiting bleeding diarrhea excessive perspiration relationship unbalanced intake fluid comes liquids drink foods eat artificially intravenous infusions output fluids largely kidneys urine skin perspiration lungs bowels accurate recording intake output basic care patients doctor record knowledge measurement essential performing procedure scientific united states metric system hospitals generally metric system measurement fluids container hospitals measuring urine marked metric measurements cubic centimeter abbreviated cc unit fluid measurement metric system cc equals milliliter ml laboratory tests frequently performed bodily discharges urine feces sputum results tests give doctors information patient condition specimens carefully cared labeled mistakes labeling preparing specimens test results inaccurate
temperature pulse respiratory rate blood pressure readings referred patient vital signs accurately tell deal patient condition tell patient results physician function clinical thermometers patient temperature watch hand count pulse respiratory rate stethoscope blood pressure cuff sphygmomanometer needed determine blood pressure vital sign discussed separately determined combined procedure types clinical thermometers general oral security rectal differ mainly size shape bulb end inserted patient security stubby type rectal thermometers marked red dot end stem electronic thermometer figure hospitals registers temperature viewer seconds unit serve patients simply changing disposable tips mercury solid color line shown figure bulb thermometer rises hollow center stem read thermometer hold eye level find solid column mercury look sharper edge numbers lines starting degrees degrees line degree elevation temperature
pulse respiration patient counted procedure breathing partly voluntary control person able stop breathing temporarily short period frequently happens patient realizes breathing watched counted alters breathing pattern meaning avoid respirations counted immediately pulse count patient hand position fingers remain pulse pulse pressure blood felt wall artery heart alternately beats contracts rests relaxes easily felt arteries fairly close skin squeezed bone fingers figure shows common places pulse pulse radial artery age sex size condition patient influence pulse rate speed rhythm regularity volume fullness rate character rhythm volume noted taking pulse heart rate pulse rate heartbeats strong transmitted radial artery true forms heart disease pulse deficit difference heart pulse rates suspected determine heart rate stethoscope compare pulse rate
patient responded sufficiently vital signs stable refreshed washing hands face changing linen giving light rub surgery patient permitted sit legs edge bed position called dangling watched carefully signs fatigue dizziness vertigo patient assisted assume dangling position slowly ambulation walking short preceded period dangling binders pieces cotton material applied parts body hold dressings place provide support binder clean applied smoothly prevent pressure areas fit snugly tight discomfort straight abdominal binder scultetus tailed binder single double binders postoperatively figure shows application scultetus binder rule binder applied bottom top alternating layers binders hold dressings rectal perineal areas place single binder female patients double binder male patients binder patient waist tail passed patient legs fastened waist pin split tails double binder brought side penis
proximal distal terms show relationship part point attachment body arm hand attached body shoulder hand shoulder wrist hand distal wrist wrist proximal hand fingers point body attachment shoulder distal elbow closer point attachment shoulder solid looking body cavities spaces vital organs heart stomach brain thoracic abdominal cavities separated large dome shaped muscle called diaphragm cavities lined tissue sheets called membranes membranes divide cavities sections forming walls membranes help separate organs prevent undue friction rubbing thoracic cavity membranes surround lungs called pleura surround heart called pericardium meninges continuous membranes line cranial spinal cavities notice abdominal cavity divided peritoneal membrane peritoneal cavity surrounded peritoneum pelvic cavity retroperitoneal space peritoneum abdominal cavity divided regions quadrants illustrated figure cells microscopic basic units tiny scale living cell carries functions body
disease change healthy disease pathology change structure function failure part body develop properly disease etiology probable outcome prognosis usual set signs symptoms signs disease objective seen color skin sign disease symptoms subjective felt patient tells pain symptom common pathological conditions malnutrition age fatigue occupations set stage development disease called predisposing microorganisms trauma heredity upsets cellular activity direct disease crowded unsanitary living conditions predisposing typhoid fever disease spread contaminated food drink direct typhoid fever microorganism known typhoid bacillus predisposing direct disease etiology etiology diseases fully known common diseases etiology discussed section text word neoplasm means growth term tumor neoplasms increasingly important kind disease types growths type tumor called benign nonmalignant benign tumor grows slowly spread
large sections skin destroyed body loses fluids chemicals electrolytes unprotected infection burns common loss large sections skin burns classified according deeply tissue destroyed degree burns affect epidermis skin reddened broken degree burns injury epidermis dermis vesicles form permanent damage scarring degree burns destroy layers skin underlying tissues muscle bones nerves scarring deformity common aid treatment burns ice cold water medical attention essential degree burns large areas burned hospitals established special burn centers specially trained personnel care burn cases approaches open method burns left uncovered sterile technique called reverse isolation technique care patient closed method burns wrapped sterile petroleum jelly nitrafurazone dressings completely covered large compression dressings techniques keeping patient submerged silicone solution method advantages disadvantages goals treatment method selected replacement lost fluids chemicals combat shock relief pain anxiety ultimate prevention contractures deformities infections contractures shortening muscles limits motion deformities
bean shaped kidneys located peritoneum held place capsules fat outer portion kidney called cortex area urine produced middle area medulla series tubes drain urine pelvis kidney renal arteries carry blood kidney branches pass medulla cortex cortex blood vessels branch form balls capillaries called glomeruli approximately million glomeruli kidney glomerulus surrounded blind tube end resembles cup cup called capsule tube twists coils cortex dips medulla eventually drains urine structures medulla pelvis kidney ureter waste products large amounts water passed glomerulus capsule water needed pass waste products permanently lost body reabsorbed bloodstream branches glomerulus encircle twisted tubicle cortex blood vessels merge leave kidney renal vein hormones influence urine produced waste products excreted urine include urea creatinine uric acid salts average urine output cc hours ureters extend pelvises kidneys urinary bladder
tumors male prostate gland common grow older prostate gland tends enlarge tumor formation kind enlargement called benign hypertrophy enlarged prostate reason puts pressure urethra causing urinary retention surgical approaches remove part prostate gland prostatectomy relieve retention gland removed inside urethra permit urine pass operation called transurethral prostatectomy turp times gland removed surgical incisions perineum perineal prostatectomy incision bladder suprapubic prostatectomy foley indwelling catheter place prostate surgery addition suprapubic drain surgical incision perineal drain present carefully note amount color drainage areas sudden increase bright redness appearance clots block tube reported dressings wet urinary drainage report team leader reinforce times irrigate wash drainage tubes sterile procedure carried nurse doctor male patients apt disturbed necessity prostate surgery female patients mastectomies hysterectomies patient calm understanding fears frustrations
benign malignant tumors uterus ovaries frequent malignancies cervix common cure rate high treated simple test called pap smear detect cancer cervix painless performed doctor office recommended pap smear common sign tumors uterus ovaries menstrual flow excessive flow spotting periods amenorrhea diagnose conditions uterus performed operation cervix larger uterus scraped surgical instrument dilation curettage names surgical procedures remove uterus total hysterectomy portion diseased oophorectomy salpingectomy excision ovaries oviducts younger women portion ovary left continue hormone production pan hysterectomy performed uterus ovaries oviducts removed patient experiences surgical menopause symptoms relieved hormone injections hysterectomy patient foley catheter nasogastric tube relieve abdominal distension nausea special attention maintaining circulation slowing blood supply pelvis result clot formation
accept premise health ability function highest level physically mentally socially look conditions foster health needed individual attain optimal level leads logically consideration basic human needs doubt basic needs common beings human species needs fulfilled individual attain optimal level subject basic needs studied depth social sciences looking primary motivating forces underlying human behavior health field seeking identify factors causing health problems point felt human needs categorized headings physiological derivation psychological group theorists classified needs basis origin internal external identified lists human needs considered basic recent abraham maslow theory hierarchy needs received increasing attention conceptual framework consideration human needs agrees aspects theory suggested modifications hierarchy basic principles outlined theory fairly accepted
illness family member impact total family person sick breadwinner natural concern loss ability maintain financial responsibility family family members worry unable sick leave place employment additional concern costs illness payment medical hospital bills charges diagnostic therapeutic services head household position decisions family matters ill responsibility mother family sick household routine disrupted family members shopping planning cooking meals washing ironing small nuclear families relatives thousands miles family rely friends homemaker services provide help older member family ill concern member household seriously ill family reminded mortality human additional worries care patient costs prolonged illness matter considerable concern
period immediately birth critical infants deaths result problems regard infant supply oxygen abnormalities placenta afterbirth week congenital abnormalities leading infant deaths account major portion conditions requiring care acute hospitals infant susceptible infections respiratory gastrointestinal tracts accidents nutritional disorders account largest number remaining deaths acute illnesses infants child passed birthday chances survival greater age group lowest death rate period span north america common childhood illnesses continue problem number deaths resulting markedly reduced infectious disease remains major killer age group influenza pneumonia common death principal hospitalization children leading death age group accidents motor vehicle accidents responsible approximately half accidents common acute illness children major term disability
nursing history guide systematically obtaining information help nurse plan modify care suit individual patient preferences usual living patterns establish baseline evaluate results nursing action history soon patient admission agency feasible preferably nurse primary responsibility planning patient care technique obtaining history structured interview nurse controls directs interview purpose gathering specific information generally information gathered includes items nurses agency found helpful assessing patients needs planning care majority patients items frequently included events leading patient admission health agency basic social data patient basic physiological data verbal information obtained interview person usual patterns daily living environmental factors affect health individual understanding health illness status patient concerns expectations care receive agency nursing histories include items data helpful nurse obtained sources basic physiological data gathered physician initial examination patient order help individual nurse needs aware reasons admission health agency ambulatory care setting individual number reasons want assistance maintaining health protecting illness worried anxious health
abilities hear feel taste smell vitally important coping daily activities living making observations relating individual sensory perception nurse concerned integrity anatomical structures needed functioning areas eyes ears nose mouth throat skin disturbances functioning se deviations individual normal abilities constant data collected person noted sensory areas assessing current visual status nurse makes observations condition eyes eyelids pupils asking person visual disturbances experiencing observing individual eyes nurse look condition eyelids reddened look irritated swollen puffy enlargement individual complain itching burning eyes lids frequent rubbing eyes indicative feeling nurse look tearing exudate eyes addition ask individual visual disturbances blurring seeing objects vague lacking outline diplopia double vision seeing objects noting comments eyes nurse record eye affected left nurse observes pupils eyes
nursing applied science theoretical basis nursing draws areas including biophysical sciences medical sciences pharmacology nutrition social sciences principles applied nursing practice derived science areas interpretations word principle vary mean essentially things concept scientific fact law science generally accepted theory principles guides determining nursing action holistic concept integrated functions leads nurse consider social psychological needs physical needs planning care deciding specific nursing interventions scientific facts derived anatomy physiology guide nurse actions normal ranges measurements body processes temperature pulse respirations blood pressure discussed previous chapter scientific facts alert nurse action observes deviations normal patients law gravity finds application times nursing actions physical sciences student learn body mechanics pulling sliding object requires effort lifting lifting necessitates moving force gravity theory hierarchy human needs drawn psychology guide setting priorities nursing actions solving patient problems
factor interferes body ability absorb store utilize excrete nutrients adversely affect person nutritional status disease processes congenital problems injury part gastrointestinal system result nutritional problems common type illness affecting gastrointestinal tract infection especially gastroenteritis major death underdeveloped countries common illness united states canada number disorders nurse learn courses medical surgical nursing specific gastrointestinal system congenital problems discussed pediatric nursing courses point note congenital malformations defects abnormalities anatomical structures system congenital disorders affecting physiological processes involved digestion absorption food illnesses involving parts body gastrointestinal tract disturbances processing food altering body needs energy specific nutrients aspect nutrition discussed paragraphs food source nourishment important ill nearly sick persons disturbances gastrointestinal functioning lose appetites unable tolerate food fluids problem digestion food absorption nutrients gastrointestinal tract
ability body move movable parts control movements performed coordinated fashion depends integrity muscles bones joints nerves innervating structures circulation nourishing injury disease congenital problems affecting bones muscles joints collateral nerve blood supply impairment motor functioning minor injury sprained ankle damages muscles ligaments area limit person ability walk muscle fibers ligaments healed fracture bone limits ability move part body fracture located injured car accidents severe falls types accidents sustain injury spinal cord cord essential transmission nerve impulses area brain controlling motor function movements site injury cut person paralyzed waist paraplegic injury located level neck quadriplegic injury cervical region stroke result cerebrovascular accident problem frequently impairs blood supply motor areas frontal lobe brain hemisphere resultant loss motor functioning side body hemiplegia
patients relearn walk aid crutches braces canes responsibility physical therapy department situations nurse assist patient patient learning walk extended period bed rest preparing patient task involves psychological physical measures nurse help patient gain confidence ability walk encouragement faith ability bolster exercise program maintained illness task easier attempting stand important patient learn maintain trunk balance sitting position standing position attempts walk maintain standing position feels confident balance steps tried balance essential patient feel steady feet important wear shoes support slippers standing walking patient allowed fatigued attempt short distances nurse help promote patient feelings confidence helping set small goals activity acknowledging accomplishment goals patients learning walk lengthy period bed rest require physical support starting
chapter discussed health problems pointed control infectious diseases principal reasons dramatic reduction infant child mortality consequent lengthening span developed countries major factors contributed achievement development widespread specific common communicable diseases discovery widespread antimicrobial agents antibiotics application basic sanitary measures protect safety water milk food supplies disposal garbage sewage raising standards living resultant improvement general health nutrition housing infectious diseases certainly greater health problem developing countries developed means eliminated illnesses caused infections western respiratory infections continue important death acute illness span peoples north america gastrointestinal infections common short term illness venereal diseases attained epidemic proportions past diseases chickenpox hepatitis prevalent institution acquired infections called nosocomial infections continue plague hospitals united states canada prevention control infection principal concerns health personnel ambulatory care settings community inpatient facilities care sick
wound examined dressing changed features wound discharge carefully observed wound observed approximation edges wounds closed sutures skin clips pressure bandage butterfly tape butterfly tape strip adhesive tape narrowed middle wound adhesive part tape sticks patient skin sides wound draws edges wound adhesive side tape directly wound covered adhere wound gaping sutured taped wound delay healing reported wounds closed deliberately left close naturally intention wound observed signs inflammation infection redness swelling pain heat limitation function part body afflicted amount discharge considered normal dependent site size type wound unusual wound exude serous drainage postoperatively serum clear portion blood wound anogenital area expected serous discharge wound face serous discharge amber color water blood cells cellular debris
physical examination generally carried doctor office clinic hospital physical examination assumed patients require explanation nurse patient physician unduly fearful instances nurse introduce doctor patient explain patient requires examination patient fearful physician find examines support understanding nurse important parts examination health history physical examination special tests health history includes personal medical history patient physician want patient present complaints previous illnesses personal history investigated interrogation includes patient social religious educational economic backgrounds feelings achievement frustration habits nutrition sleeping patterns bowel habits women nature menstrual cycle included history physician habits drinking alcohol smoking relevant patient family history pertinent present illness diseases inherited tend recur families recognition multiple causation illness understanding reactions body stress neuropsychiatric history patient important
decrease availability oxygen atmosphere respiratory problems term ambient anoxia describe condition high altitudes pressure oxygen air low person experience considerable difficulty breathing acclimatized rarefied atmosphere acclimatized breathing rate times fast sea level order provide sufficient oxygen presence noxious gases air displace oxygen present lessen amount respiration fires instance suffocation smoke hazard bodily injury flames heavily industrialized areas combination gaseous wastes industrial plants exhaust fumes automobiles pollute atmosphere level dangerous health cities pollution monitoring system pollution level reaches point considered dangerous industries area restricted operations pollution level safe respiratory problems caused interferes control mechanisms breathing number factors depress totally inactivate respiratory center medulla depressed respirations invariably accompany head injury believed due cerebral edema edema increased pressure cranial cavity depresses activity respiratory center
ability perceive pain dependent integrity nerve fibers receive transmit interpret pain impulses injury sensory nerves sensory tracts spinal cord thalamus sensory areas cerebral cortex interfere pain perception patient spinal cord injury paralyzed waist feel pain lower half body patient protected harmful stimuli person normal pain perception respond taking suitable action prevent injury body tissues paraplegic patients taught alter position frequently sitting wheelchair soon develop decubitus ulcers nurse special precautions protect paralyzed unconscious patients pressure tight bed coverings foot drop distressing effects pain perception facilitated disease conditions affecting central nervous system neuritis nervous tissue inflamed individual hypersensitive painful stimuli prolonged application painful stimuli neural pathways worn pain perception centers hypersensitive person suffers continuous pain sensitive areas body adjacent injured areas sensitive pain normal tissue
inextricably involved nursing preservation alleviation suffering restoration health society exalts health youth death subject generally avoided imminent frequently denied death infrequent occurrence hospital wards sick community nurses physicians nature encounter presence death normal course lives frequency encounter easier care terminally ill patient comforting consoling patient family death sudden follows lengthy illness presents difficult situations nursing practice distressing young student possibly face face realities death stages dying typical stages individual group adjustment calamity flunking test auto accidents divorce breaking loved environmental disasters loss limb vital body part examples common occurrences handled ways physical death student natural feelings grief loss patient patient family helpful understands nature process grieving able handle reactions help patient family meet needs book death dying dr elisabeth ross suggests stages learn going die
care elderly evokes varied reactions nurses unpleasant reminder grow die working elderly patients remind nurse troubling aspects relationship aging parents physical appearance aged distasteful nurses reactions lead avoidance elderly patients hand nurse idealize elderly person response family teachings older wise earned place honor respect nurse idealized aged viewing benevolent kindly generously sharing wisdom young injustice elderly patients expecting exemplify ideal nurses negative positive stereotype aging fail account individual patient strengths weaknesses views aging realistic remembering aged disadvantaged group society disadvantaged relation income employment housing health companionship important ways aged share equally younger disadvantaged patient tolerant generous instances reverse true selfish resentful demanding characteristics attributed age characteristics observed actually reflect individual deprivations chronologic age
body maintains reserves blood vessel fails body replace function development vessels stricken part collateral circulation oxygen stockpiled body supply minerals vitamins food fluid requirements reserve capacity vital functions body lung tissue required kidneys provide satisfactory renal function reserve liver function dual organs sight hearing extra growth normal tissue mysterious body asset resulting hypertrophy enlargement body commands extra growth occurs tissues extra need kidney removed remaining kidney enlarge increasing amount kidney function examples endocrine glands muscles heart lymphatic tissue common times hyperplasia occur apparent need exists hyperplasia thyroid gland secretion excess toxic body source body protection organized provision adjustment autonomic nervous system orders autonomic nervous system regulate sweating alter size pupils eyes speed slow heartbeat direct adjustments body voluntary control moment moment human beings awake asleep autonomic nervous system making adjustments response changing environment inside
delirium disorientation confusion caused interference metabolic processes neurons brain condition tends temporary reversible delirium subsides removed delirious patient disoriented place illusions hallucinations illusion inaccurate interpretation stimuli environment patient think sister calling actually nurse calling hallucinations subjective sensory experiences occur stimulation environment patient hear voice calling delirious patient restless confused defects memory judgment behaves impulsively acts incorrect interpretations environment instance believe window door attempt escape delirium develops suddenly subside equally quickly patient oriented bedtime delirious hour later symptoms worse night nursing care delirious patient involves protecting harm helping minimize disorientation confusion basic drug intoxication fever alcoholism treated medically sensory stimuli minimum room quiet avoid unnecessary conversation specific repetitive conversation repeating re hospital nurse help patient orient environment
hip fractures uncommon elderly occur injury fall osteoporosis bones elderly fragile brittle fracture occur minor injury types hip fracture shown fig signs hip fracture pain affected area shortening leg external rotation turning outward leg foot diagnosis ray hip fractures treated means internal fixation device nail intramedullary prosthesis depending type location fracture preoperatively patient analgesics relief pain muscle spasms leg handled gently excessive movement avoided buck extension forms traction applied surgery performed postoperatively patient cast hip spica traction limb left free bone heals metallic device meantime holds bone bone united immediately patients mobilized earlier treatment traction plates bands screws pins removed bone healed left permanently place device produce internal fixation intramedullary rod inserted bones patient pathologic fracture
patient returned unit postoperative reaction past nurse plays important role making observations regarding status amputation stump oozing place stain rigid plaster dressing stain marked pencil observed periodically determine excessive bleeding taking place bleeding occurs physician notified immediately rigid dressing applied principle observing compressive dressing elastic bandages possibility hemorrhage amputation stump rigid plaster dressing applied tourniquet view event massive bleeding evident closed flap amputation skin flaps cover bone end open guillotine amputation end stump open skin covering stump open amputations performed presence infection skin traction applied infected area allowed drain traction continuous surgeon arrange traction patient turn bed wheelchair specially designed traction board interrupting pull weights patient incontinent waterproof material secured bandage prevent soiling wound wound infected reoperation amputation higher level performed infection cleared patient condition improved
meninges layers membranes lie bones skull brain tissue dura mater outermost layer lines skull arachnoid middle layer separated pia mater subarachnoid space filled cerebrospinal fluid pia mater covering brain highly vascular membrane meningitis means inflammation meninges causative organism bacteria meningococcus streptococcus staphylococcus pneumococcus common causative organisms meningitis infectious organisms reach meninges bloodstream direct extension infected areas middle ear paranasal sinuses signs symptoms meningitis elevated temperature pain stiffness neck nuchal rigidity nausea vomiting aversion light photophobia headache restlessness irritability instances convulsions severe irritation meninges opisthotonus extreme hyperextension head arching patient meningococcal meningitis multiple petechiae body symptoms meningitis develop slowly symptoms develop rapidly patient admitted hospital lumbar puncture establish diagnosis identify organism blood culture intravenous fluid therapy antibiotics started immediately antibiotics intramuscularly directly subarachnoid space spinal cord intrathecal injection drug therapy meningitis continued acute phase illness prevent recurrence infection meninges
seeing patient extreme respiratory distress frightening experience nurse patient anxious looks care support reassurance nurse spends greatest amount hospitalized patient large measure support reassurance nursing responsiblity extreme dyspnea wheezing struggle breath patient survive patients acute asthmatic attacks recover attacks temporary short nurse basis understanding help patient feel attack subside occasionally asthmatic attacks prolonged recur rapid succession condition called status asthmaticus patients die asthmatic attack true death occurs patient fears breath describe feeling suffocation drowning remembered spasm patient bronchi causing marked interference vital function nurse avoid giving glib superficial reassurance recognize emotional factors precipitate attacks patients patient attack ill attitudes mind snap wanted betray gross misunderstanding seriously interfere nurse ability care patients asthma
samples blood examined number cells amount hemoglobin number white blood cells platelets red blood cells cubic millimeter compared normal values frequently relative number types white cells diagnostic importance differential count white blood cells ordered size shape cells number significant red blood cells normal size called normocytic abnormally small called microcytic abnormally large called macrocytic amount hemoglobin contained erythrocytes contrasted normal terms hypochromic hemoglobin normal hyperchromic hemoglobin normal patients blood dyscrasias tend bleed site puncture inspected frequently sure oozing patient instructed apply firm pressure site minutes blood withdrawn specimens bone marrow studying formation blood cells specimens obtained sternum iliac crest patient lies side skin area cleansed local anesthetic injected needle inserted marrow bone dry sterile ml syringe attached specimens withdrawn patient feel discomfort specimen apprehension feeling pressure needle inserted
congestive heart failure produced diseases heart test combination tests cardiac patients ordered effort discover underlying congestive heart failure addition history physical examination patient electrocardiograms ray examination fluoroscopy chest cardiac catheterization tests measuring venous pressure circulation especially determine congestion slowing circulation typical congestive heart failure technique measuring arterial pressure referred taking blood pressure familiar measuring venous pressure familiar doctor performs test nurse assist patient arm positioned level heart supporting arm pillow rolled blanket doctor performs venipuncture needle syringe attaches water manometer sterile normal saline stopcock connects syringe needle manometer manometer place stopcock adjusted allow saline manometer flow patient vein pressure vein permit amount saline run saline stops entering vein level saline left manometer read
patient reason unable control bowel movement frequently experiences deal anxiety concerning rejection patient looks care reflection large nurse acceptance patient stoma help accept reactions friends family influence degree acceptance expected patient family upset wondering odor fecal drainage permeate home relationships friends maintained successfully conceal fear repugnance patient nurse help family patient maintaining supportive attitude assisting family learn stoma deal feelings concerning serving patient family attitude stoma care care equipment essential patient stage acceptance stoma imply meet inflexible standards set nurse set expectations performance care stoma showing change facial expression tone voice patient shows reluctance distaste carrying care stoma nurse convey patience acceptance reaction criticism
jaundice greenish yellow discoloration tissue due staining abnormally high concentration pigment bilirubin blood total bilirubin concentration mg ml blood reaches mg ml blood higher jaundice visible notably skin mucous membrane mouth especially sclera white portion eye jaundice occurs multitude diseases directly indirectly affect liver common sign liver disorder important understanding jaundice knowledge bile formation excretion red blood cells injured picked spleen bone marrow broken reticuloendothelial cells hemoglobin released red blood cells reduced compound known unconjugated indirect bilirubin type bilirubin carried blood liver chemical processes transform conjugated direct bilirubin forms bilirubin distinct differentiated chemically important clinical discrimination diseases producing jaundice conjugated bilirubin formed liver enters bile ducts reaches intestine transformed urobilinogen urobilinogen changed urobilin brown pigment stool urobilinogen enters bloodstream carried liver changed bilirubin reexcretion bile
nephrons fail remove waste products efficiently body blood chemistry altered deterioration renal function manifested chemically rises blood urea nitrogen bun creatinine values protein breakdown products percent decrease function values rise normal bun mg ml creatinine mg ml high blood levels urea nitrogen accompanied disorientation convulsions patient kidney disease observed abnormalities blood chemistry reports information serve guide planning nursing management patient bun high observed disorientation convulsions protective equipment readiness side rails padded tongue blade determinations acid phosphatase enzyme produced prostate percent patients prostatic cancer extending prostatic capsule figure elevated alkaline phosphatase elevated spread cancer bones disorders raise blood calcium phosphorus uric acid studies ordered physician evaluating metabolic types urinary calculi stones specific gravity shows concentration particles electrolytes water specific gravity distilled water specific gravity urine responsive water electrolyte situation body
posterior wall atrium small area known node node rhythmic rate contraction muscle fibers beats minute considers muscle mass heart atria ventricles finds tissue retains capacity contract rhythmically lower pacemaker site slower inherent rate pacemaking tissue node pacemaker functions rate times minute ventricular pacemaker functions times minute sinus node faster inherent rate portions heart impulses originating node spread atria ventricles stimulating areas rapidly slow natural rates rhythm result health rhythm node called pacemaker heart cardiac muscle fibers joined kind lattice formation electrical impulse arising single fiber eventually spreads membranes fibers normal muscle cell negative positive ions inside cell membrane electrical cardiac impulse caused sudden transfer ions membrane positive negative ions inside process called depolarization depolarization occurred normal cardiac impulse carried ions realign original condition
distinctive history definite aid diagnosis symptoms experienced patient prior admission important aid diagnosis patient acutely ill history family aware symptoms problems patient experienced prior admission nurse report additional data patient discloses physician leaves patient anxious case recall distort events leading admission physical examination includes nonauscultatory modes palpation inspection chest auscultation heart chest stethoscope reveal heart murmurs sounds valve closure rhythm rate pericardial friction rub moist crackling sounds lungs called rales early finding left ventricular failure indicating pulmonary edema ordered soon myocardial infarction suspected repeated times serial determining diagnosis course illness necrosis myocardial tissue results release intracellular enzymes circulation enzymes specific myocardial tissue diagnostic aid conditions involving tissue damage cpk creatine phosphokinase ldh lactic acid dehydrogenase sgot serum glutamic ozalacetic transaminase especially indicators severity tissue damage
burns frequently aggravated complications patients receive ample attention shock harder continue give concentrated care need period months wound infection septicemia responsible large number deaths burned patients survive shock period lowered resistance burned patient edema thrombosis traumatized subcutaneous tissue obstruct bacterial fighting mechanisms infection degree burns increase temperature indication infection characteristically mounts rapidly rarely pulse rapid regular odor appearance burn exposed change nurse smell burned area odor infection burn exudate hand dry appearing crust harbor copious amounts pus beneath surface close frequent contact patient nurse excellent position observer infection remain alert existence treatment include continuous saline soaks antibiotics physician order dressing hours removal dead tissue loosened soaks saline warmed normal body temperature applied dressings septicemia result oliguria hypotension tachypnea paralytic ileus disorientation related degree fever cardiac failure
learned main functional parts keypunch machine design standard card numeric punching program cards codes punching program cards job gain experience punching program cards complete job follow directions job instruction sheet job instructions book understanding punch program card gain experience placing program card program drum inserting drum machine operator responsible machine proper operation basic rules operation properly prepare machine job completion job duty prepare machine operation person machine complete job sure program card drum place blank card drum sure proper procedures pay attention care star wheels mechanism damaged machine function properly programmed control complete job follow directions job instruction sheet job instructions book labor distribution classification summarization labor costs based job account title department number means classifying labor costs management ascertains costs involved production goods
companies sell credit company selling credit system customers notified total amount owed system called billing process billing occurs regular intervals determined industry individual company occurs monthly basis company considerable size undue burden arise month statements mailed customers order reduce amount end month cycle billing instituted cycle billing involves procedure portion total number customers billed periodically month customers names begin billed month names commence billed seventh month barter exchange goods goods succeeded medium exchange money tangible record transactions payment delayed completed moment exchange course commerce transactions occur obviously handle sort record seller buyer necessity record keeping evolved known double entry bookkeeping system involves recording business transactions books original entry cash book purchases journal sales journal entries posted transferred book called general ledger
today computers designed manufactured capacity read number characters symbols keypunch machines redesigned modified punch required combinations holes characters symbols model key punch expanded keyboard capable punching directly characters computer languages known fortran cobol discussed operator mult pch key keypunch capable punching directly characters operator mult pch key characters obtained multiple punching process consult chart page job instructions book lists characters obtained multiple punching keypunch machine data fed computer system processing require services trained technicians known programmers plan conversion original data medium acceptable computer punched cards punched paper tape magnetic tape plans developed logical arrangement sequence correlation data sources computer precisely directed instructed operation performed conditions order sequence instructions computer called program programmer communicates computer series special commands statements known source program
remember morning rufus idea toothpaste shopping mother drugstore toothpaste things rufus list looking eye shadow sale heard rufus say kate look inch tube toothpaste crazy pointing tubes farther shelf crazier rufus tubes anyway peppermint flavoring paste maybe paste expensive paste rufus don need powdered gold paste paste everyday ordinary stuff didn paste toothpaste mean plain paste pasting things rufus grandma mayflower showed paste asked simple rufus flour starch cook water till mixture nice pasty feel paste pictures scrapbook paste wallpaper couldn brush teeth don rufus tried bet toothpaste harder anyway paying tube toothpaste
meet wayne linda money blues coins pockets don buy tickets movie town money blues bad lots ways money kids things earn spending money fred plants neighborhood says greenest thumb house covered dozens philodendrons coleuses spider plants fred parents tripped immense rubber tree put foot greenery fred bright idea wrote prices index cards set card table lined plants table index card front row fred sold dozen prized plants earned fred evening took cuttings plants sold put cuttings jars water set jars sunny spot weeks fred set plant stand school fred sold large plants cuttings root
ways lamb ewe mothered father told lambing pens built corners corrals place corner put planks block place big sheep space put ewe lamb leave longer ewe run end mother lamb danger letting dozen lambing pens filled family settling live lambing pens ways flock care happy orphans don care thinking things sad sadder lamb orphan call tramps orphans fault ran home mother dies orphan comes twins mother feed lamb lost mother days recognize smell anymore
febold feboldson prairie holding kite string big steve walking daisy rock hog heels howdy neighbor febold called howdy answered big steve nice flying kite febold laughed till hat fell pointed string sky look kite asked big steve squinted sky looks young tornado febold cried triumphantly experimenting help tie string cottonwood tree febold held tornado big steve tied loose end string tree double square knot trying nebraska weather explained febold matter asked big steve colder blazes winter hot summer florida weather winters answered febold big steve pipe shouted febold slapping thigh looked big steve going lay pipe don need pipe bore tunnel business say re mister interrupted febold tunnelman big steve cried febold re night febold hut prairie big steve studied map
imagine friends beach picnic cloud sky sun shining straight overhead eat homemade solar stove cooking begins provided course actually build solar stove need heavy cardboard large sheets poster board roll aluminum foil glue cooker circular shape feet meter diameter center shallow curve frame solar stove sixteen strips heavy cardboard strip foot half fifty centimeters wider end end thicker side helps form curve cooker bowl cardboard strips standing sides glued large flat piece cardboard thinner end rib center cardboard base ribs fan spot form circle ribs glued place look pin wheel spokes fashioned wagon wheel ribs divide cooker bowl sixteen sections section covered piece poster board stove smooth surface finally bowl covered aluminum foil solar stove
ralph winston ordinary grader extraordinary friend planet sidra dar tellum visits inside ralph head communicate thought dar tellum taught ralph special skill telekinesis telekinesis ability move objects thinking hard skill dar tellum superior intelligence save planet earth story begins earth midst big crisis cars factories polluted earth atmosphere carbon dioxide carbon dioxide acts lid earth lets sun rays won let heat polar ice caps melting causing oceans rise coastal cities danger terrible flooding scientists engineers including ralph father trying solve problem re succeeding dar tellum comes communicates solution ralph dar tellum knows special kind algae survive upper atmosphere algae carbon dioxide turn oxygen algae shot atmosphere lid earth removed ralph invents tell father dar tellum idea manages write slip paper father briefcase idea read find fact staying pretty late talking dar tellum showed
small village southwestern france schoolboys met discuss spend hot summer afternoon bored queroy estreguil coencas marcal quick agree queroy turned ravidat oldest group suggestion knees ravidat held small wirehaired terrier robot dog panting heat cooler hill ravidat slowly breeze hot climb hill coencas grumbled couldn hotter estreguil think idea don marcal marcal answer ravidat feet robot wants look rest grumbling soon boys wirehaired terrier left houses village told expedition embarking history laughed idea sides vezere valley rise height part steeply smooth grassy slopes enormous masses whitish rock piled top region known archaeologists searched records primitive found plenty relics including skeletons woman child
drawings painting unlike boys seen lives fifteen feet length outlined bold black lines colored red yellow brown inside outlines colors shine faint yellow light matches glazed queroy touched painted figures smooth glass soon boys decided tomorrow exploration planting feet carefully slippery rubble slope boys began ascent holding robot ravidat glad friends finally reached lip hole boys complete torches spare batteries rope quickly anchored end rope sound root threw loose end slope scrambled descending deep cavern investigated cave foot foot end opening floor clearly led dropped knees opening pointed torches darkness saw staircase loose stones slanting downward guess thirty feet end kneeling
sabina hall ran front steps reached doorbell doorbell doorbells bina parents classmates parents button controlled lever dropped heavy weight floor thud thud vibrated bina parents feel doorbell ring parents hear speak deaf communicate sign language hand gestures formed words phrases bina hesitated rang bell mother resting didn expect bina home duty hospital bina worked candystriper volunteer helped nurses drop books disturb mother put key lock opened door drawn kitchen delicious smell roasting meat apple leaving hospital bina put books desk living room piece paper fell floor stooped pick recognized mother handwriting half finished letter mrs gibson head dear mrs gibson sabina birthday nineteenth give surprise birthday party names friends hospital
arthur wright problem twelve written book arthur eleven write book twelve arthur told want author wait problem getting started start causing arthur trouble million story ideas beginning beginnings written arthur thought tried write beginning stories story moth guilty feelings eating wool clothes tried silk worm mend ways arthur story looked tried started moth moth moth olden days moth beginning beginning arthur unhappily story sounds arthur definitely troubled wright arthur father verse writer largest greeting card company thought wrong starting verse roses red violets blue rest poem rhymed feel don study writers start stories wright asked arthur reaching rhyming dictionary
bells rang doors pagoda thrown open villagers steps garden tu thuc mandarin son tu thuc looked handsome scarlet silk coat heavy gold embroidery face beamed pleasure eyes sparkled anticipation loved growing things neglected duties court roam fields watch harvest temple garden feast eyes beauty pleasure seen lingered beautiful blossom villagers dressed loved province tien du garden equal today villagers wander garden wished unnoticed villagers beautiful girl strange robe stood steps pagoda looked amazed masses flowers slowly walked flower bed gently touched blossom stared curiously petal leaf leaned catch fragrance acted seen flower young girl walked excitedly path flowering peach tree suddenly broke small branch started run garden moment monk returned seeing called stop
cave stretch hill walls cave streaked unusual colors strange looking rocks journey tu thuc seen tu thuc began walk corridors stone marveling saw suddenly realized light completely faded turned expecting guided sunlight entrance alas glimmer light eyes strained darkness hands invisible felt inch inch hoped direction groped slowly feeling walls hands sliding foot forward floor feared fall deep holes seen ahead saw faint light hurried fast dared opening expected find entrance cliff reached hole found barely big crawl looking green waters cove saw mass clouds clouds stretched snowy countryside rolling hills valleys
wide smile spread kim face saw mae lee things begin happen umbrella millionaire going easy hanging mae lee carry minutes mae lee leaned railing stretched elbows let eyes fall big black umbrella carelessly looking mind hands clasped tightly strolled deck walked front kim side boat rounding bend side looked kim slight nod head hitch shoulder stare meant follow disappeared bend kim stood stretched strolled side boat mae waiting railing sitting nearby overhear conversation idea kim mae took special care spoke spoke sides mouths lips opened crack corners practiced school
sitting clutching umbrella reading newspaper pretending mae lee strolling resumed watching position railing rocked feet heel toe glanced looking sights took page newspaper understand making swifter progress print fine suddenly began rock feet sitting kim mae noticed gave guard stare feet sleep trying wake stroll deck kim mae follow shore decided rope hop maybe wanted ferry dash hill stolen umbrella catch mae signaled kim meet railing lost getting waking feet mae quick getaway kim yes thought thing listen kim mae solemnly re nearing staten island side haven left heard kim wished ride forever millionaire say give father umbrella
geeder odd feeling entered shed cool shadowy toeboy barefoot earthen floor shed felt clean fresh place whispering natural roof boards stripes sunlight slanted floor sun tangled dust cobwebs glowed dark corners noise geeder toeboy muffled fading quickly took look settling sat close toeboy stacked catalogs geeder magazines love going pictures geeder fair toeboy let magazines geeder re supposed quiet toeboy angry contented catalogs anyway bundles fifty stacked tied geeder stacked magazines re supposed read told fair looking pictures stack let uncle ross catch worry geeder believe tell uncle ross toeboy heading door geeder smiled continued turning glossy pages magazine toeboy stood corner shed
glimpse marketing imaginary tour store sells food small grocery store corner block large supermarket course places sell food meat markets bakeries delicatessens live country roadside fruit stands stores feature special kind food health foods cheeses barbecued chicken continue tour sure stores sell home furnishings lamp shops furniture stores antique shops appliance stores fabric stores china shops radio television centers carpeting floor covering outlets stores likely department store stores specializing articles shoes jewelry sporting goods auto supplies stationery flowers books luggage toys phonograph records gifts clothing businesses sell products services service stations sell gasoline oil products lubrication repair services surely restaurants snack bars provide food food service mcdonald kentucky fried chicken burger king wendy tour progresses notice places sell mainly services include banks car rental agencies shoe repair shops upholstery shops travel agencies beauty salons barbershops hotels dry cleaners movie theaters bowling alleys skating rinks amusement parks laundries parking lots
marketer business modified free enterprise system expects privileges risks government control freedom ownership regulated competition face economic risks success measured mainly net earnings profit elements regulated freedom ownership competition risk profit characteristic modified free enterprise business today marketer prepared balance elements countries personal belongings clothes books toothbrushes allowed forests factories machinery owned government government owns productive resources country easily control produced modified free enterprise system individuals land natural resources buildings tools equipment restrictions property law prohibit building factories land reserved private housing general free let property stand idle lease sell give decide put earn income start business property rights preserved law struggle business obtain share market known competition essential ingredient modified free enterprise system accounts constant improvement goods services competing businesses strive offer product service
addition satisfying career goals selling buying activities marketing find challenging careers area promotion promotion consists activities designed bring company goods services favorable attention customers attractive window display appealing television ad intriguing free sample examples promotion variety marketing jobs found promotion career areas display advertising sales promotion brings customers store attractive balanced window display catch attention shoppers browsers produce displays field retail promotion front retail store concerned display merchandise sell responsible creating displays display specialists job construct arrange attractive inviting window interior displays job calls artistic ability knowledge color balance design merchandising sense display specialists closely department managers store display department specialty stores banks real estate offices airline offices travel agencies advertising retail stores businesses reach customers encourage buy goods services advertising sales message paid sponsor appearing media carriers television newspapers plan prepare advertisements employed variety businesses addition retailers include manufacturers media advertising agencies
named leighton wilke invented metal cutting band saw market saw fasten truck drive local machine shops demonstrate saw sold company wilke formed sold band saws salespeople arrive customers plants trucks company newest machine tools fact wilke company outfits semi trailers demonstrate sell entire line products trade shows large customers customers economy divided basic markets consumer market discussed chapter industrial market industrial market potential customers industrial goods services customers businesses individual part consumer market job company part industrial market company customer industrial goods services main purpose business supply wants consumer market demand industrial goods depends demand consumer goods consumers buying automobiles consumer goods demand steel industrial goods drop customers buying stoves refrigerators washing machines demand steel slide customers buying stereos sporting goods clothing industrial demand steel fall
borden incorporated produces known items elmer glue wise potato chips borden milk ice cream cracker jack products borden develops marketing plans based marketing research borden decides share market product sets advertising budget obtain share follow research shows market share product actually achieved recently borden decided try increase cracker jack market share percent advertising budget adjusted bring increase problem arose destroyed cracker jack chances rising sugar costs doubled retail price product borden quickly reduced size boxes cut price corporation began advertising cracker jack school snack natural wholesome ingredients research major part marketing decisions borden incorporated confronted crisis rising price sugar doubled price cracker jack marketing research crisis case illustrates important point today increasingly competitive marketing decisions basis marketing research results research careful study subject marketing research careful study marketing subject according detailed definition american marketing association marketing research gathering recording analyzing facts problems relating transfer sale goods services producer consumer
marketing researchers information collected purpose secondary data suppose super cola company wants set distributorships wisconsin distributor territory equal population average income company marketing researchers secondary data decide divide distributors look census population reports wisconsin look reports county large cities find population denser southeastern end shores lake michigan family income important factor sales super cola researchers consult publications list average family income county study sales reports soft drink industry figure probable size wisconsin soft drink market secondary data super cola researchers details needed job secondary data offers advantages information considerably expensive collect collected easily cases information collected primary form secondary form individual marketer collect age income statistics single individual country information collected federal government hand disadvantages secondary data
today individuals families eating seeking quality food greatly influenced service restaurants range simple eating places offer inexpensive meals fast service elaborate places food service elegant expensive regardless growing number establishments classified successful service sell wanted buying public eating making caterers caterers firms specialize providing food service home dinners parties provide food service offices clubs places facilities intangible products help person groomed called personal care services personal care services offered beauty salons barber shops laundries dry cleaners garment repair shops shoe repair shops personal care services continue grow money willing spend million cars united states owners dependent automotive service firms oil companies large networks stations sell goods services fact service important part station business known gas station called service station addition service stations large number garages repair shops specialize automobile repairs maintenance
marketers establish prices price strategy flexible price strategy price strategy technique offering price customers purchase similar conditions marketers price system helpful developing mass merchandising systems obvious reasons customers feel annoyed customers pay item price strategy important advantages marketer convenience marketing merchandise price maintenance customer goodwill flexible price strategy means offering product customers prices price determined ability customer bargain lower price strategy selling industrial goods sales representative adjust price customers market conditions consumers accustomed flexible pricing retail marketers automobile dealers diamond merchants furniture antique dealers examples flexible pricing appears advantageous selling expensive items customers enjoy bargaining price flexible pricing lead severe legal difficulties results price discrimination restraint fair competition selling costs raised longer sales representatives sales geographic pricing involves cost transportation price product depending price quoted buyer seller pays transportation costs share
retailing responsive ideas true history united states change rapid retailing evolved simple bartering families sophisticated variety shopping center colonial times shopped small specialized shops shoemakers candlemakers tailors frontier trading posts goods european american cities exchanged pelts fur trappers produce grown farmers trading posts important stops wagon trains cross barely populated hostile land early settlers lived rural areas pioneers constantly moving westward easily visit stores buy items couldn early settlers bought peddlers traders traveling salesmen traveling foot horseback later roads improved horse wagon stocked products patent medicine thread scissors hand mirrors ribbons laces small tools peddler strenuous lonely happy settle storekeepers towns springing wake advancing frontier roads built enabled stocking general store flourished industrial revolution seen development machines needed produce goods large quantities roads meant larger quantities wider variety goods delivered stores small communities rural areas
selecting length channel distribution major considerations nature product nature market characteristics middleman chosen handle product product influences manufacturer choice distribution channel consumer product produced stop channel consumer manufacturer produces industrial product stop channel industrial user manufacturer choose middlemen specializing industrial goods deciding specific industrial consumer goods middlemen manufacturer consider factors product perishability size weight services required maintain purchase food product spoil rapidly fashion item style manufacturer choose distribution channel product consumer quickly manufacturer fashion goods sells specialty shops large retailers goods consumers style producer perishable foods choose distribution channel foods user fast protect spoilage route transporting lettuce supermarket producer choose middlemen refrigerated carriers manufacturer industrial goods markets products direct industrial user product high unit cover costs marketing
patty holtmann forklift truck operator warehouse columbia record club part moving handling crew age works shift warehouse attends night school earn associate degree marketing evening telling father dad today felt key person warehouse foreman told stock ready inventory check end orders picked ready shipment stock ready quitting night crew inventory left home foreman fast careful forklift truck helped reach goal ready inventory feel forklift trucks help pile merchandise high warehouses reach high low pick goods shipped warehouses warehouse storage handling facility heart physical distribution system nearly shipment cargo comes goes warehouse nearly product marketed traveled stored warehouses storage biggest job warehousing handling processing jobs dividing assembling shipments packaging products controlling inventory storage reserve supplies merchandise important
mark twain editor small town newspaper received letter subscriber found spider paper wanted sign bad luck mark twain replied dear subscriber finding spider paper luck bad luck spider merely looking paper merchant advertising store spin web door lead undisturbed peace afterward mark twain need businesses advertise advertising form promotion highly competitive business economy business prospective customers continually aware products services promotion consists activities designed bring company goods services favorable attention potential customers promotion takes forms encouraged try product seen advertised newspaper free sample attracted colorful travel exhibit hotel demonstration variety store advertisement bus radio commercial delivered known personality examples promotional activities record company arranges group singers disc jockey program discuss latest recording
teressa santo looked disgust remains wholesale retail lumber yard bolt lightning hit warehouse roofing stored flames started lightning took fire department bring control mrs santo commented lumber yard manager gus covered insurance wiped soon insurance adjuster settles start rebuild lumber yard marketer faces risks include spoilage fire products obsolete shoplifting competition risks increase costs getting goods producer consumer eliminated avoided reduced grocer risks fresh meats vegetables spoil sold reduce risk expensive refrigeration equipment bought goods raises cost selling marketers face risk products obsolete obsolete product car model sold discount electronic equipment decreases rapidly technology changing improving equipment fast retail store hires security guards protection shoplifters reduces risk increases cost marketing business permits customers buy credit takes risk pay bills pay business stand loss
penny company sold merchandise customers cash competitors allowing customers buy pay later forced penney change business order share market penney started selling credit credit ability obtain goods services money exchange promise pay later important appealing customer services subject chapter types credit applications credit touches economy consumers credit buy goods services ranging hot lunch home bought credit businesses extend credit businesses wholesalers retailers credit obtain goods services sell manufacturers credit buy raw materials operating supplies towns cities counties states federal government borrow credit difference income outgo principles government credit similar types credit important difference government power tax means raising funds pay debts income taxation guarantee credit extended government units power tax economists believe high level american economy due part extensive credit
processing data hand called manual data processing oldest method processing data pencil pen prepare homework processing data manually data processing operation hand data manually recorded classified sorted computed summarized communicated stored items paper clips rubber bands folders printed business forms manual processing faster easier processing data office machines called mechanical data processing typewriter familiar machine record data office machines mimeograph multilith photocopy machines reproduce data adding machines calculators cash registers accounting machines compute summarize data volume complexity data generated businesses require processing punched card computer equipment method economical accurate faster manual data processing required conditions mechanical data processing system punching information cards patterns holes processing information called punched card data processing members family received bills checks mail printed punched cards cards carry direction fold spindle mutilate card punched card processing faster accurate manual mechanical processing
common trade ladder responsibility apprentice contractor staying level proficient conditions drive enable move ahead majority contractors skilled trades worked ladder craftsmen businessmen craftsman worked ladder experience aspires contractor prepare operating set rules conditions contractor risking money gamble knowledge experience estimating handling keeping paperwork required today pay profit factors understood contractor stands ready bid fellow contractors supply ready bid contractor crew knows produce required chance success starting small bidding fully understood chance money progress bigger jobs contracting rewarding endeavor suited ability temperament aggressiveness stick bad times successful contractor consider rules conditions laws facts
beginning actual building mason carefully consider safety measures protect fellow workers accidents building mechanic aware hazards trade trades accident rate comparatively high building industry accidents result partial total disability fatal addition accidents possibility sustaining innumerable minor cuts bruises painful temporarily handicap workman reduce accident rate minimum mason safety conscious learn think safety fellow workers job prevent accidents keen sense responsibility fellow workmen safety education today important phase training program safety rules important mason outlined briefly safety safety study practice safety rules safety slogan adopted national scale branches industry laws regulations governing manufacturing construction transportation enforced departments safety instruction safety regulations industry pays dividends reducing injuries loss importance safety campaign education worker
modern mason course contact chemicals proper precautions burns loss sight material determining dangers present safely read manufacturer directions check previous users find problems encountered wear rubber gloves safety glasses proper body covering prevent chemicals coming direct contact skin pail clean water wash chemicals accidentally contact skin deal mason scaffolding kinds present possibility injury main hazards working scaffolds falling dropping tools material faulty scaffolding watch step balance handle equipment carefully scaffolds built support load carry according national safety council designed support times anticipated load materials safety unexpected additional loads scaffold essential erect scaffolding familiar requirements safety codes statutes national standards
art building bricks thousands modern archaeologists discovered ancient brickwork northern india believed bricks inscribed found ruins ancient cities mesopotamia iraq positively dated bricks hand molding clay mud banks tigris euphrates rivers allowing dry sun chinese known bricks ancient times exactly ago brick making ancient egypt evidenced painting wall royal tombs kurna depicts detail brickyard scene showing step process egyptians making bricks bricks inscribed archaeologists able date romans learned art egyptians introducing masonry western romans expanded empire carried art brickmaking masonry construction europe including england early spanish explorers built houses brick brought spain brickmaking began america english settlements virginia massachusetts bricks course hand brickyards mainly hampshire
brick classified according properties strength durability american society testing materials astm classifies face building brick grades sw mw grade sw brick hardest durable brick structures subjected severe weathering pronounced freezing thawing cycles structures contact earth grade mw brick strong durable brick grade structures exposed severe weathering contact freezing moisture astm building brick grade nw situations weather resisting strength requirements negligible non load bearing interior partitions table shows comparative strength properties face building brick grades sw mw building brick grade nw horizontal layer brick masonry structure called course brick laid flat face parallel wall called stretcher brick course laid manner called stretcher course brick laid flat perpendicular face wall called headers header course consists entirely headers header stretcher courses commonly brick wall fig shows partly completed course wall eighth courses headers stretcher courses
window door location sizes planned avoid small closures windows doors purchased standard sizes makes exact planning wall building brick joints units bricks laid common bond illustrated fig note courses stretchers course headers words header course sixth course header courses laid sixth seventh courses fig shows details brick wall laid common bond sketch illustrates corner shows courses tiers required seen course header course generally required sketch shows details course lengths walls headers easy place corners closures order fill space quarter quarter closures permits filling corners shown sketch course consists stretchers laid fractional closures seen sketch fourth sixth courses shown fig consist stretchers laid break joints note sketch corner bricks courses alternated
moisture carry soluble salts surface bricks efflorescence evidence faulty construction wet walls due defective flashings gutters spouts faulty copings improperly filled mortar joints frozen bricks construction adds moisture walls repairable item care including repointing joints efflorescence prevented materials proper condition especially workmanship regard proper amounts mortar joints proper flashing joints completely filled moisture enter walls possibly efflorescence efflorescence removed scrubbing wall water stiff brush treatment unsuccessful wet wall water scrub water percent solution muriatic hydrochloric acid part acid parts water volume immediately acid washing wall rinsed plain water desirable follow rinse water approximately percent household ammonia uncertainties cleaning brickwork makes job experienced process sand blasting frequently employed steam steam water jet process methods mainly large buildings large amount equipment required
sizes shown fig blocks actual sizes block shown actual dimensions common practice speak designate block terms nominal dimensions system units called block practice succeeding pages actual dimensions fractional combined mortar joint dimensions inch sizes stretcher block mortar joint equals inches explanation holds true heights widths mortar joint adopted standard sized joint concrete masonry construction mean mortar joints vary size general thinner mortar joint stronger wall recommended mortar joints exceed thickness actual dimensions concrete masonry units allowance mortar joint easier calculating wall sizes adhere standard mortar joint thickness majority manufacturers observe standard sizes concrete masonry units shown fig remain block vary slightly size wise ascertain exact sizes block planning wall dimensions standard building units types units special decorative purposes
planning building architects designers select basic grid dimension basic planning size grid size generally multiple inches system called modular coordination architect design building afford minimum waste material minimum amount cutting planning contributes considerably reduction construction costs concrete block structures generally laid grid multiple inches planning wall lengths window door openings wall heights automatically conform standard sizes concrete masonry units wise mason check dimensions building construction actually begun suppose planning small building walls constructed concrete block desirable architectural standpoint walls exactly length definitely decided lengths block mortar joints considered ordinary stretcher block actually adding mortar joint stretcher makes exactly corner block wide course wall question shown fig top seen corner blocks stretchers fit nicely wall length
place succeeding blocks manner sure watch detail explained blocks chimney block kind shown fig laid procedure follows exact position chimney marked footing place mortar completely areas marked words block full mortar bedding place mortar ends block points marked chimney block pressed position making sure joints joint block footing proper thickness sure end block lines face block check level block apply mortar block end touches block joint block point press block position block making sure lines face block place blocks manner taking care joints carefully masons prefer set length flue lining place courses blocks laid blocks fit tightly flue lining shown fig course blocks apply mortar completely covering course
general stone crushed sizes ranging fron inches stone crushed smaller minimum considered smallest usable size discarded sand crushing stone screened sizes separate mixed fit needs concrete mixes pieces square triangular shape flat elongated thin pieces concrete ordinary structural parts floors foundations footings sizes crushed stone coarse aggregate mixture varying inches smaller size thin structural items mixtures smaller sized crushed stone concrete subject severe wear reinforced concrete members small steel bars spaced close crushed stone graded include mixture pieces varying size size aggregate fireproofing structural steel concrete members larger steel close crushed stone mixture vary inches concrete items massive crushed stone mixture vary inches
ago customary proportions quantities cement sand crushed stone gravel regular concrete mixes designations designation meant part cement parts sand parts crushed rock gravel method specification fails assure satisfactory results reasons quantity mixing water essential making strong watertight concrete consider grading aggregates allow variation volume resulting tendency bulking moist sands present methods regular concrete mixes paying careful attention amounts water moisture content sand amounts aggregates mix recommended trial qualities concrete amounts ingredients classes shown table table guide proportioning concrete materials according total amount water required sack cement suppose determine proper mix proportioning ingredients including damp sand water building water tank job concrete watertight able stand severe exposure weather table shows job kind gallon paste
fine solid lines terminated arrowheads distances points lines called dimension lines radius circle dimension line drawn center circle terminating arrow circumference circle length radius expressed dimension letter means center circle fourths inch circumference ceiling lines floor lines shown heavy alternate short lines elevation drawings elevation fig illustrates ceiling lines floor lines construction job smallest cabins garages set working drawings copies original set architectural drawings architect generally number sets working drawings building craft set working drawings include information construct building supplemented set specifications written form information shown drawings blueprint show masonry materials specifications colors types grades blueprints show dimension location openings floors electrical plumbing heating millwork painting masonry information purpose drawings furnish definite information concerned building
impossible show detail drawings additional examinations specifications supplement drawings specifications written telling words shown graphically drawings information furnished specifications includes grades lumber materials detailed instructions performed specifications defined instructions builder simple complete primary aim written specifications perfectly clear builder item shown drawings blueprints addition primary purpose specifications important estimators including general contractors subcontractors manufacturers material dealers building specifications working drawings calculating cost materials labor carefully written specifications estimators price material labor exactly specifications serve guide trades carrying specific parts construction job prepared specifications save reduce waste material labor assure workmanship serve guide purchase types qualities fixtures expecially millwork built furnishings important specifications preventing disputes owner general contractor general contractor subcontractor items amply covered specifications grounds dispute
common practical application preceding basic math rules estimating amount materials needed job job estimating professional estimators experts areas labor costs hardware costs waste allowances examples mason estimator arrives amount materials needed job instance estimating brick wall estimator study house plans working drawings determine dimensions length height wall multiplying length height finds total area wall calculates area openings doors windows subtracts total area actual area laid brick specially prepared tables able determine number bricks required table illustrates typical brick estimating table knowing size brick total surface area square feet thickness mortar easy determine number bricks needed amount mortar required complete wall estimating amount concrete required footings foundations estimator working house plans takes vertical surface area length height part footing foundation multiplies horizontal thickness
term brick today denotes solid masonry rectangular unit formed plastic clay shale burned kiln united states federal trade commission ruled product materials clay shale called brick includes material unit manufactured cinder brick sand lime brick concrete brick clay shale principal materials bricks concentrated large deposits materials found clay natural product formed weathering rocks shale material compressed layers ground shale dense harder remove ground clay result shale costly raw material kinds clay shale mixed obtain material proper consistency composition raw material backbone brick industry forms clay similar chemical composition physical characteristics surface clays found surface earth offshoots deposits result recent weathering rocks shales clays formed high pressure natural conditions resemble slate
oldest making brick brick making machines developed automated machinery process soft mud process suited clays natural water stiff mud process clay mixed water stiff mud process pressed wooden molds molds lubricated sand water clay stick mold sand lubricate molds bricks sand struck sandy finish water bricks water struck smooth finish process clay mixed small amount water compared stiff mud forced steel molds high pressure method wide demand pressed brick selected high cost manufacturing excess moisture removed bricks burned kiln ago bricks allowed dry open air kiln modern method predry bricks forward section kiln waste heat hot section kiln heat humidity regulated carefully prevent sudden temperature excessive cracking deformation brick
discovery portland cement led development concrete block known concrete masonry units mixture portland cement aggregates water additive earliest blocks molds wooden boxes bulky heavy cement gravel solid difficult mason lay blocks holes put fingers easy lifting moving late hollow block casting form tests proved hollow block satisfactory wall unit according strength durability hollow block widely type today solid block walls extra strength extra fire resistance special characteristic required american block making machine commercial patented harold palmer machine hollow block later machines method hand mixture cement aggregate mold machine type eighty blocks hand process block ten saw change power machines power machines bars rods lifted mechanical action pulled gravity bars compressed mix mold
production quicklime step manufacture lime quicklime formed calcining burning pieces limestone controlled heat quicklime crushed slaked mixed water hydrator hydrated lime produced prior century quicklime production mortar today hydrated lime added directly mixer dry form lime essential quality purpose mortar understand importance lime understand characteristics effects mortar lime helps mortar workable enabling mason fill joints completely effort result workmanship economical construction mortar correct lime content spreads easily trowel cement mixed lime difficult spread sand graduation air water content greatly aid workability lime based mortar high water retention means mortar resists drying effects combined masonry units build wall mortar low lime content soon loses moisture sets prematurely spread wall mason lay material mortar bed drys poor bond results causing weak structure high water retention minimizes need constantly retempering mortar bond important property mortar
excessive amount water added mortar mixture known drowning mortar proper water cement ratio destroyed correct problem add cementing materials lime sand correct proportions desired consistency reached producing mortar proper consistency specific job conditions comes experience job easier trainee water added slowly mix considerably trouble add ingredients proper proportions problem results water temper mortar adding sand common problems encountered mixing mortar caused primarily poor measurement materials shovel proportioning type shovel amount material shovel standard dirt shovel amount sand shovel holds vary slightly depending moisture content sand batcher measuring device accurate masons add sand stiffen mortar mixture adding proper proportions ingredients common problem trade avoided sand added compressive tensile strength mixture drastically result inferior mortar variations color noticeable finished mortar joint
method structural bonding accomplished building double wall leaving space center inches width steel reinforcement rods installed air space mortar concrete grout mixed poured space fill voids holes type mortar concrete known grout grout thin poured strong specific proportions mixture grout type masonry known reinforced masonry method structures lateral load wall method structural bonding depends requirements building wall type factors metal tie method highly recommended exterior walls advantages include greater resistance rain penetration ease construction metal ties allow slight differential movement facing backing walls minimum cracking walls headers moisture collect inside wall header installed shifting wall cracks brick header flexibility metal tie pattern bonding defined arrangement masonry units wall form pattern recurring design pattern refer change color texture units
process involved laying concrete block line similar laying bricks line important differences due fact concrete block larger heavier placement materials area prime importance concrete block stacked pile bottom side top block larger shell web makes easy distinguish units handled carefully easily chip crack concrete block dry times highly absorbent bricks dry wet water case concrete block moisture block expand size built wall wet later dry shrink causing cracks mortar block plastic covering inexpensive protect block block stored pallets ground prevent dampness absorbed rule mortar bedded edges concrete block seldom solid bed joint bedding webs block known face shell bedding swiped edge trowel joints holes filled block laid mortar adheres dries rate speed
building concrete block corner similar construction brick corner ways main difference size weight units block larger heavier subject chipping flaking known spalling bricks reason concrete block handled carefully laid wall concrete block greater length height brick difficult level plumb adjustment block laid difficult reason important course correct height excessive bedding squeezing mortar joints acceptable method adjusting block important consideration length needed lay units wall laying corner concrete block requires approximately forty minutes laying corner bricks requires hours figures based normal working conditions volume bricks block relates efficiency construction build corner scaffold height concrete block requires courses construct corner bricks requires twenty courses reach height comparing volume twelve bricks required replace inch concrete block wall mason lay twelve bricks rapidly mason lay inch concrete block
installation brick headers walls present special problems laid correctly extreme care exercised applying cross joint mortar joint applied full length brick header moisture penetration leakage wall single head joints applied ends header acceptable problem presented headers difficulty sure set mortar broken tying bricks heavy block concrete backup wall laid ahead brick wall mason working brick wall brick headers laid block bricks face brick wall reaches proper height tiers tied height inches immediately laying brick headers heavy concrete block course laid header course rests half header types concrete block backup mortar applied face shell method spreading mortar webs block approximately inch strip mortar block laid mortar header stiffens case times header brick settles unevenly crack develop mortar joint header
gained flue lining chimney larger manufacturer heating system recommends fact performance economy safety effective flue lining correct capacity linings larger common mistake building trades flue linings curve chimney efficient straight chimneys provided abrupt turns completely flat places curvature smooth causing interference passage air gases leaving chimney project chimney block flue offsets flue exceed degrees vertical position mortar projecting bed joint flues scraped cleanly holes filled prevent heat penetrating chimney walls lining chimney serves fold purpose prevents extreme heat burning masonry adds efficiency chimney smooth surface prevents soot clinging readily masonry units flues square round design round flues effective rectangular type gases tend travel flue spiral motion corners rectangular flues dead spaces size rectangular flue larger obtain results
jobs need build intersecting walls branch main wall degree angle accomplished ways intersecting wall tied main wall bonding masonry unit hole left main wall method butt wall metal ties bond walls method mentioned makes physical tie method tying walls method masonry unit left point walls tied later intersecting wall built course ties holes strengthen wall settlement movement walls crack develop point intersection intersecting masonry unit break completely method mentioned developed method intersecting wall butted main wall mortar joint point contact joint called stack joint mortar raked approximately inch filled caulking compound flush unit crack occurs recaulking joint intersecting walls carry load floors roofs buildings able stretch flex
art masonry confined building corners laying units line fine details arrangements bricks concrete block apprentices learn course daily detailed practices defined basic masonry construction installing anchor bolts brick corbeling wall copings anchor bolts fasten member structure wooden plate structure carpenter installs anchor bolts job mason nailing wood plates wall acceptable method attaching structure anchor bolt anchor bolts installed mortared place loosen nut tightened plate anchor bolts sizes suit requirements specific jobs hold wood plate average sized job bolt inch diameter inches shaped bend bottom bolt helps hold bolt mortar bolts spaced according plans drawings bolt set center wall determine position top bolt wall completed cut notch bricks allow shaped section bolt fit snugly brickwork
ten basic scales dimensioning plans drawings full scale scales known architect scales commonly scale mason plans represents actual structure area scale represents job represents inch scale housing small commercial drawings information drawn small sheet paper clearly seen buildings constructed inch scale actually times larger actual drawing constructed larger structures scale scales smaller inch difficult worker read possibility error greatly increased craftsperson magnifying glass read plans buildings constructed inch scale actually times larger actual drawing smaller scale careful mason dimensioning mistake inch inch scale account inches job line inches drawn inch scale actually measure feet job architect scale special instrument architect dimension drawings mentioned scales
important masons personal safety prevention accidents job physical handicap results injury worker deterred period loss costs mason employer money accidents avoided common sense practiced shortcuts quickest complete job reasons injuries job include lack interest attention job hand tiredness careless slipshod methods tendency workers careless job learned basics job imperative mason guard attitude physical nature mental attitude worker injury accidents result unsafe tools equipment improper clothing safety devices construction hazardous occupations power tools scaffolds moving equipment reason federal law occupational safety health act passed guarantee worker safe working environment remembered sets minimum standards strict requirements effect areas country remembered law passed high accident rate due careless methods lack regard safety worker
text masonry practices established methods performing tasks skills discussed detail tips trade business job easier quicker tips extremely helpful apprentice mason course relate tips saving techniques masons important involving care tools supplies summarized trade tips developed easier effective ways jobs tips applied sacrifice safety mason trowels high quality steel allowed remain wet period rust occur trowel rusted pitted effective lifting mortar trowel cleaned water going dried immediately clean fresh mortar trowel mason sand pile loose floor dust mortar absorbs dust mortar dry rapidly blade hammer edge brick scrape dry mortar steel wool works cleaned trowel stored completely dry clean trowel stored period apply light coat oil prevent rusting
efficient professional performance complete harmony doctor office assistant harmony exist doctor feels assistant putting full comes late overstays lunch hour leaves ahead closing hours doctor harmonious cooperation assistant feels doctor exploiting taking advantage willingness stay overtime assistant conscientious dependable duties obligations doctor feels asked discuss openly doctor harbor grudge give poor service doctor completely unaware expecting agreement calls clear understanding matters duties working hours saves deal resentment misunderstanding doctors vague matters taking granted assistant knows expected piece advice medical assistants afraid ask questions doctor realize sure need information specific points reserve hour appointment calendar chat doctor order clarify points clear attitude medical assistant doctor friendly formal
part difficult prove physician lacks degree learning skill judgment reason malpractice suits frequently based claim doctor failed ordinary reasonable care departing approved methods general failing give proper instructions situations tend factual nature subject proof attention likely avoiding malpractice difficulties regard medical assistant expected part taking blood preparing test specimens determining test results taking rays applying heat therapy sterilizing maintaining equipment making keeping records accordance approved methods concept instructions administration diagnostic tests proper complete assurance reliable test results obviously physician instructions responsible conveying patients accurately completely medical assistant guard overstepping authority expose doctor malpractice charges recent case supreme judicial court massachusetts delancy rosenthall illustrate point patient treated doctor injured hand instructed return follow care
sterilizing doctor instruments main tasks medical assistant learning techniques sterilization essential part training order understand importance need sterilization knowledge kinds infectious agents occur doctor office sterilization protection rudimentary acquaintance bacteriology requirements education ignorance carelessness dangerous familiar history medicine impressed fact deal known anatomy diseases therapeutic agents thousands ago discovery infectious microorganisms role production disease barely hundred study microorganisms application knowledge gained called bacteriology ancient physicians suspected forms small seen human eye harmful majority doctors middle nineteenth century recognize association bacteria infections antonj van leeuwenhoek holland constructed lens strong detect larger bacteria discovery produced scientific consequences whatsoever remained pasteur half nineteenth century prove microorganisms air invisible naked eye entered food responsible spoilage fermentation transmission disease
mirror catches light lamp light source reflects upward condenser concentrates light opening stage slide object examined iris diaphragm circular shutter functions iris eye regulate size opening light passes condenser slide stained slides open unstained material desirable cut amount light partially closing diaphragm light comes slide object blocks passage absorbing light completely partially bends refracts light image pattern light formed pattern passes lenses microscope objective ocular lenses constructed bend light outward symmetrically pattern form larger compound microscope lens turn enlarges image total magnification smaller object studied greater magnification required powerful objective microscope smallest opening order objects strong light required source light lost objective light passes glass condenser air slide bent refracted
polymorphonuclear cells major groups leukocytes cells nucleus shaped numerous lobes connected strands chromatin cytoplasm granules staining cells granules neutral reaction called neutrophils granules acid reaction called eosinophils granules basic reaction called basophils neutrophil nucleus stains deep purplish blue stained wright stain sharply distinguished cytoplasm thin strands chromatin join lobes nucleus strands clearly visible lobes lie close apposition cytoplasm faint pink fine pink violet pink granules eosinophil neutrophil exhibits lobed nucleus connected fine strands chromatin lobes occasionally lobe connecting strand chromatin nucleus larger neutrophil distinguishing characteristics large uniform rust colored granules basophil distinguished large coarse bluish black purplish granules completely fill cytoplasm partially obscure nucleus nucleus segmented neutrophil major group mononuclear cells common cells group lymphocytes monocytes lymphocyte generally small large forms common
procedure aimed transferral maximum amount material swab slide minimum disruption distortion elements tissue cells blood cells bacteria process instance patient infection ear caused streptococci physician swabs lesion hands assistant swab makes smear morphology organisms preserved stained smears examined cocci seen chain formation streptococci material indiscriminately smeared slide rubbing swab slide end result cocci appearing singly pairs groups short chains easily loss decide type organism seen token tissue blood cells red white treated minimum manipulation easily identified allow smear dry room temperature incubator heat speed drying process heat cell distortion smear dry fixed washed solution applied fixing accomplished follows hold slide edges end thumb forefinger smear side pass slide bunsen alcohol flame flame travels length underside slide
methods administering medication varied depend factors simplest method oral drug form pills tablets capsules solution substances lose potency orally passed gastric tract reason result desired medication administered injection method administering medication called parenteral chapter devoted discussion technique administering medication inhalation respiratory tract means apparatus vaporizes liquid disseminates respiratory passages apparatus works principle perfume atomizer inhalation medication cases heart conditions produce quick relief medication introduced instillation introduction liquid drops vein eye drugs administered rectum form suppository enema proctoclysis drip method reason rectal administration patient unconscious mentally ill effect desired slow absorption drug wall colon cases stomach tolerate medication vaginal application medication suppository douche addition painting liquid applying ointment local effect cervix vaginal cavity desired
efficient management medical supplies medications methodically cupboard closet set specially purpose drugs external likewise drugs internal bottle box definite place medicine found quickly cleaning supply closet neat spotless assistant bottles boxes arrange table order closet finished cleaning shelf return place poisons clearly labeled distinctive bottles course drugs medication liquid powder capsule pill form labeled ampuls files open oils cool place antibiotics refrigerated doctor refrigerator storing food drinks necessity labeling medications clearly obvious narcotics locked times narcotics closet moment left open fact desirable medications lock key patients coming doctor honest harm caused medicines later sold unauthorized persons patient
called minor surgery performed doctor office concern medical assistant minor surgical operations include procedures lancing boil removal wart suture open wound occasionally patient operation hospital comes surgeon office dressing changed assisting form surgery highly responsible job doctor aide familiar strictly observe surgical technique beginning end doctor method preparing patient minor surgery surgery patient bound tense nervous apprehensive assistant operation general attitude calm help prepare mentally operation understanding patient personality help assistant dealing patients reassured protected knowledge cooperate told truth procedure hurt briefly steadily assistant greatly facilitates doctor task patient relax face ordeal fear dread patient arrives office readiness wait concerned
patient prenatal care coming regularly office months assistant learn prefers appointments office hours course sure remember circumstances pertinent scheduling patient visits important patient feel known home office assistant familiarize employer management obstetrical cases main issues considered relate proper diet avoidance excessive gaining weight dietary supplements vitamins minerals suitable exercises sufficient rest proper bowel hygiene preferably laxatives enemas assistant learned common symptoms occur pregnancy able discuss patient women especially pregnancy worried fearful assistant calm patients explaining symptoms occur cases fact present assistant familiar obstetric emergencies telephone call reporting emergency doctor office utmost importance understanding doctor concerning wishes reach patient reports bleeding slight concern
bandages stored needed modern plaster bandages resin catalyst add strength resistance handling plaster bandages illustrated figs floor covered newspaper cast put removed orthopedists special plaster room hands protected rubber gloves coating cream petrolatum disposal plaster requires special care water plaster mixed plaster bandage soaked poured sink drains soon clogged special paper bags disposal plaster layers newspaper bottom pail plaster allowed settle minutes water poured paper plaster thrown trash advisable precautions plaster trap sink casts removed bandage shears cast cutters cast knife working children nervous persons afraid instruments soak casts water soft torn walking irons rubber heels items cast thrown removal cast patient skin treated oil cold cream
child reaches age begins understand coaxed cooperation ages difficult deal children age short span attention easily restless willful resist discipline offer greatest challenge medical assistant age destructive begin play doctor equipment reprimand stop bring resentment mother counter suggestion strategy hand child toy distract attention interest appeal reason children intelligence twelve child growing independent starts think reason easily put pat answer toy interest aroused wants understand goes age child led attempts approach talking apparently treating equal taking seriously needs feel secure relaxed bright children difficult handle remember wanted past throwing tantrums
doctor course turn federal government money deducted employee percent contribution social security fund instance deducted employee earns week income tax social security tax week turn government contribution money paid bank special form provided details payments entered payments bank month months january april july october report government setting names persons employed preceding quarter social security numbers total salaries paid total amount income tax deducted total amount social security tax deducted amount social security contribution paid employer preceding quarter receipts bank enclosed report forms government failure file reports involves fine office occasions small expenditures tips delivery postage purchase notebook order avoid entering small sums bookkeeping record petty cash fund set vary depending needs individual office
letters doctor office convey professional standing appearance content properly aligned faultlessly typed visible erasures strikeovers inserts typing aids correcting mistakes helpful doctor called professional stationery measures smaller standard size page folded fit professional envelope professional correspondence customary address recipient dear sir known writer signature preceded sincerely truly reserved business letters carbon copy letter leaves office change correction letter carbon copy secretary handles correspondence doctors plan set rubber stamps doctor stamp carbon copy distinguishing copies letters quickly paper color doctor copy paper yellow buff blue pink addition white object filing system twofold store safeguard records locate quickly methods order fit needs
items needed office depends matters doctor specialty individual preference offices disposable sheets towels patients gowns soft paper fibers patients majority physicians rent items linen supply firm makes weekly deliveries companies rule rent number item towels sheets flat rate let say doctor rents fifty sheets month rate week laundryman leave clean sheets takes soiled total number sheets month exceeds fifty additional charge sheet reason advisable estimate closely number item needed arrange rental amount found fewer item arrangement changed laundry delivered carefully checked articles stains buttons missing rips mended places accepted doctor gowns uniforms size garments delivered small large patients gowns course wide large expected fit dealers soon discover assistant alert watches deliveries
hand tools essential aspect carpentry variety tools required covers broad range activities carpenter skilled craftsman carefully selects kind type size tools suit personal requirements works tools important part helping perform speed accuracy tasks trade basic design common woodworking tools changed modern technology industrial resulted numerous improvements special tools developed specific jobs experienced carpenter appreciates importance tools selects accurately quality materials knows tools enable longer space detailed study selection care hand tools general description tools commonly carpenter included tools group illustrated fig tools handled considerable care clean high level accuracy maintained folding wood rule indispensable carpenters carry folding rule person times standard size rule ft equipped metal slide helpful making inside measurements
carpenter recognizes safety important part job knows accidents prevalent building construction result partial total disability minor cuts bruises painful safety based knowledge skill attitude care concern carpenter correct proper procedures performing familiar potential hazards minimized eliminated develop attitude safety means believes importance safety willing give effort continuous study safest ways perform means carefully follow rules wear clothing weather conditions trousers overalls fit properly legs cuffs shirts jackets buttoned sleeves buttoned rolled wear loose ragged clothing especially moving machinery shoes sturdy thick soles protect feet protruding nails tennis lightweight canvas shoes satisfactory guard leather soles wear slick provide satisfactory traction smooth wood surfaces carpenters prefer wear cloth leather cap hat construction require hard hat hat help prevent head injury falling objects headgear provide protection comfortable permit visibility shade eyes
modern power tools greatly reduce required perform operations carpentry heavy sawing planing boring accomplished human energy proper tools correct high levels accuracy maintained general types power tools portable stationary portable tools light weight easily carried held hands operator operation stationary tools called machines mounted benches stands rest firmly floor brought machine contrast portable tool moved portable tools extensively nearly stage carpentry especially rough framing space unit permits description kinds power tools commonly carpentry supplemented woodworking textbooks reference books devoted power tool operation manufacturers bulletins operator manuals source information safety stressed continually operating power tool familiar works correct procedure follow wide awake alert operate power tool overly tired ill think operation performing going tool adjustments turning power sure blades cutters sharp correct type
entrance platform foundations constructed part main foundation firmly attached main foundation reinforcing bars wall constructed provide connection steps included poured integral part platform steps ft wide stock prevent risers bulging detailed information stair construction included unit illustration riser boards set angle deg provide slight overhang nosing bottom edges boards beveled permit mason trowel entire surface tread concrete stairs poured wall existing walls forms constructed manner similar shown fig sidewalks drives laid finished grading complete considerable earth moved extensive fill delay construction grade settled main walks leading front entrances ft wide secondary entrances ft slightly areas sidewalks thick formwork constructed lumber walks drives laid directly soil possibility excess moisture frost action coarse granular fill setting sidewalk forms provide slope side foot
joist supported edge ends sawhorses desired cut joist center saw bind sides cut close bind saw compressing top joist suppose cut started underneath type cut saw bind fact sawing progresses opening saw larger lower part joist pulled stretched top joist compression bottom tension point stresses change point called neutral axis tension compression usual rectangular joist neutral axis assumed halfway top bottom variations quality lumber conditions shift axis slightly assumption accurate practical considerations compression tension neutral axis center piece obvious hole provided large fourth total depth joist effect strength weight effective producing bending center span weakness likely reduce strength joist beam center span
refer architectural plans lay center lines door window opening measure side center line half width opening mark trimmer studs points trimmer stud include full length stud identify positions letter trimmer studs full length studs mark original stud spaces located trimmers letter designating cripple studs lay center lines intersecting partitions add full length studs required method construction blocking regular studs center line needed position backing strip plan layout wall corners carefully fit correctly wall sections erected sizeable construction project carpenter develops master story pole smooth straight board width actually full size drawing typical wall section simplified form includes floor levels ceiling heights window door heights thickness materials structure carpenter lays story pole called rod wishes avoid mathematical calculations knows efficient means measuring full scale storing information construction
flat roof roof slope covered watertight membrane flat roofs today covered built roofing properly installed durable components delivered job roofing constructed directly deck series layers plies wood deck layer roofing felt nailed place galvanized nails succeeding layer mopped place hot asphalt hot coal tar pitch top layer coated covered layer gravel crushed stone marble chips weathering surface improve appearance mineral covering applied rate lb sq ft built roofs residential structures plies layers limited slope asphalt moppings sloping roofs coal tar pitch cold flow limited flat surfaces metal gravel stop preferably copper fastened edge roof deck serve trim member gravel pitch place leak occurs built roof flashings parapet walls chimneys vents inspected carefully roof failures occur locations
galvanized sheets laid slopes low rise foot pitch sheet required reach top roof ends lap roof pitch end laps satisfactory tight roof sheets lapped corrugations side wind likely drive rain water single corrugation lap joints roofing wide corrugations corrugation lap sheet covers net width roof roofing sheets width laying narrower sheets turned upside laid alternate sheet laps intermediate sheets roofing corrugations cover net width roof ga sheets supports ga sheets supports heavier gauge advantage added strength zinc coating type roofing durability results galvanized sheets fastened lead headed nails galvanized nails lead washers nails properly located driven tops corrugations
story pole rod straight strip wood laid vertical reference heights door window story pole establish height size rough openings construction building frame helpful installing doors windows help prevent mistakes size openings insure level alignment doors window heads fig shows simple story pole layout window unit details shown fig construction details window head building sill height vary additional positions superimposed layouts carefully labeled indexed correct distance applied proper opening detailed explanation story pole included unit residential doors high top windows held height extra added allow thresholds entrance doors clearance interior doors rough openings plumb level correct size easy task install modern windows manufacturers furnish directions apply specifically products carpenter follow carefully windows received job stored clean dry area
insulation materials properly installed perform efficiently insulation provide rated resistance heat flow manufacturer instructions torn damaged installation blankets batts cut fine tooth crosscut hand saw shears large knife measure space cut insulation longer remove portion batt end flange backing vapor barrier staple framing working blanket insulation mark required length floor unroll blanket align marks cut required number pieces wall installation staple top end plate staple studs aligning blanket carefully finally secure bottom edge sole plate install batts wall section place unit bottom stud space press place start batt top tight plate sections joined midpoint butting vapor barrier overlapped separate installed batts designed covers flanges held place friction flanges common blankets batts stapled face side framing members pull flange smooth space staples interior finish applied serve seal flange place fastened stud face
gypsum plaster applied directly masonry surfaces prevent excessive heat loss walls furring strips installed carry plaster base materials provide air space strips attached case hardened nails driven mortar joints metal wood nailing plugs wall construction newly developed adhesive materials patented fasteners fig shows strips attached pneumatic nailer heat loss needs reduced blanket insulation installed shown fig constructions employ plastic foam panels attached directly wall adhesives plastic foam serves plaster base follow manufacturers recommendations making installation kind plaster applied coats base coats prepared mixing gypsum aggregate gypsum plant job aggregates consist wood fibers sand perlite vermiculite sand commonly batch plaster started set plaster discarded wash mixer clean water batch prepared tools equipment clean coat coat called scratch coat applied directly plaster base cross raked scratched stiffened allowed set partially dry coat brown coat applied leveled grounds screeds darby flat tool plasterers working ceilings rod straightedge
tremendous variety plywoods hardwood softwood interior wall finish plain processed surfaces simulate driftwood decorative effects sheets scored imitate solid wood paneling today plywood interior walls factory applied finish tough durable manufacturers furnish matching trim molding prefinished easy apply color coordinated putty sticks conceal traces application joints plywood sheets treated number ways panels fabricated special edges permit perfect joint concealment easier accentuate joints grooves shaped battens strips making installation plywood panels adjusted conditioned temperature humidity space room prefinished plywood removed cartons carefully stacked horizontally spacer strips pair face face panels hours application plan layout carefully minimize amount cutting reduce number joints fig shows application designs emphasizes importance aligning panels openings clear finish applied stand panels room position secure pleasing effect color grain patterns
fig shows position throat narrow opening combustion area smoke chamber correct throat construction contributes efficiency fireplace illustration arrows upward flow hot air smoke directed forward throat pass front side smoke chamber rapid upward passage hot gases creates downward current opposite side downward flow strong force throat increase velocity upward current smoke forced room explains fireplaces operate satisfactorily ample flue area provided cross sectional area throat flue length equal width fireplace opening vertical height length heavy angle iron called lintel top opening form bottom edge throat carry masonry part throat formed damper size coordinated aspects fireplace design vertical front flange permits rest snugly masonry front wall flange sloped conform rear wall combustion chamber
post beam frame consists limited number joints loads forces exerted structure concentrated points regular nailing patterns conventional framing provide satisfactory connection joints need reinforced special metal connectors increase holding power metal connectors attached lag screws bolts beam structures exposed connectors likely detract appearance concealed devices need substituted steel wood dowel pins size notches gains cut structural members provide interlocking effect recess metal connectors interior partitions difficult construct exposed beam ceiling load bearing partition main ridge beam installation beams planks place partitions running perpendicular sloping ceiling regular top plates filler sections installed beams partitions parallel transverse beams sloping top plate construct partitions sections building conventional lower section height side walls adding triangular section nonbearing partitions run angle plank floor special framing nonbearing partitions run parallel additional support provided small beam replacing sole plate located plank flooring shown
basic career carpentry areas building construction high school education true apprentice technician engineer woodworking building construction courses courses valuable especially drafting students interested building trades minimize importance science math unfortunate studies essential understand technical aspects modern methods materials construction social studies english included prepared contribution society competent reading writing speaking graduation high school qualified enter directly apprenticeship training program circumstances permit wish enroll vocational technical school area advanced courses carpentry related areas high schools offer vocational courses part regular programs graduation classes concrete bricklaying plumbing sheet metal electric wiring carpenter works closely tradesmen areas basic understanding methods procedures valuable especially true desire foreman supervisor modern apprenticeship training program beginning early times origin found father son relationship knowledge skill trade passed succeeding generations
building common brick chiefly structural material durability strength importance appearance grades building brick grade sw brick highly resistant frost action brick exposed freezing weather brick foundation courses retaining walls grade mw brick exposure temperatures freezing likely permeated water brick face wall ground grade nw brick designed backup interior masonry facing brick exposed surfaces appearance important consideration brick strong durable appearance covered grades brick general exposed exterior interior walls partitions high degree perfection required uniform color size type general exposed exterior interior masonry walls partitions wider color ranges greater variation sizes permitted brick manufactured selected produce architectural effects resulting nonuniformity size color texture brick manufactured sizes standard roman norman today sizes separate groups modular nonmodular modular unit based measurement inches
weathering index locality found estimated material published weather bureau department commerce material form tables local climatological data severe weathering region index greater moderate weathering region index negligible weathering region index weathering action real effect burned clay products freezing thawing moisture present efflorescence white powder salt deposit masonry walls caused water soluble salts salts collect wall surface water evaporates salts mixed masonry units mortar plaster things happen efflorescence develop soluble salts masonry wall moisture pass wall carry salts surface conditions efflorescence occur compressive strength ability masonry unit stand heavy weight crumbling things affect strength strength units bricks strength mortar quality workmanship proportion gross area bearing surface bed joints high compressive strength developed high strength brick mortars making filled joints construction today compressive strengths exceed psi square inch
rough cut flush joint simplest joint holding trowel flat brick cutting direction joint compacted leaves small hairline crack mortar pulled brick trowel joint watertight raked joint removing mortar soft joint difficult watertight slightly compacted recommended areas heavy rains high winds freezing temperatures joint effective irregular brick tends enhance character extruded joint squeezing mortar unit laid trimmed left harden extruded form joint suited dry climates colored mortars accent brick masonry patterns applied ways entire mortar joint colored tooled joint tuck pointing preferred tuck pointing entire wall finished deep raked joint colored mortar filled later special care colored mortar brick hollow masonry units machine product extruded squeezed die cut desired height length raw materials surface clay shale fire clay combinations
stone oldest building materials things places construction sole building material structure declined today nonstructural material generally applied facing veneer decorative purposes sandwich panel systems increasing trend expected continue stone minerals mixtures individual samples vary greatly composition variations greatly affect strength color texture durability stone especially true marble limestone sandstone stone divided categories based process formation igneous volcanic sedimentary metamorphic processes times related samples result process igneous stone classified texture mineral content origin comes magmas molten mixtures minerals generally found deep earth igneous stone ferro minerals feldspar quartz composed primarily light minerals quartz potash feldspar called acidic type light color weight stone greater degree ferro minerals called basic darker heavier texture igneous stone ranges large crystals glassy stone crystals popular types igneous stone granite traprock
hydrated lime quicklime slaked formed putty combining water packaging converts calcium oxide hydrated lime mixed immediately reason convenient quicklime quicklime essentially calcium oxide mixed water stored weeks hydrated lime types type hydrated lime recommended masonry mortar unhydrated oxides plasticity controlled type aggregate masonry mortar primarily sand natural manufactured sand fig shows recommended sand gradation limits natural manufactured sand sand grains passing sieve fall percentage range fig meets astm gradation standards graded aggregate retards holds separation material plastic mortar mix reduces bleeding improves workability sand fine particles generally produces harsh mortars sand fine particles results weak mortar manufactured sand crushing stone gravel air cooled blast furnace slag natural sand rounder smoother particles manufactured sand manufactured sand sharp angular particle shapes produce mortars workability properties mortars natural sand water masonry mortar required astm clean free harmful amounts acids alkalies organic materials
specific recommended based properties mortars wind velocities exceed mph type mortar locations lesser winds expected type type mortars mortar types acceptable joints aggregate sand pass sieve white joints white portland cement white sand construction mortar alternate method rake joints depth point grout mortar desired color prehydrated mortars prehydrate mortar ingredients water mixed mixed water produce damp unworkable mix retain form pressed ball hours add water bring proper consistency prehydrated type mortar dirt resistant stain resistant mortar required add aluminum tristearate calcium stearate ammonium stearate mortar amount added percent weight portland cement mortar colored aggregates pigments colored aggregates preferred white sand ground granite marble stone permanent color weaken bond mortar white joints white sand ground limestone ground marble white portland cement lime mortar pigments capable giving desired color permissible quantities
concrete colored methods course course dry shake methods similar concrete mix colored adding mineral oxide pigment prepared especially concrete white portland cement produce brighter colors light pastel shades light colored sand normal gray cement black dark gray colors materials accurately controlled weight attain uniform color batch amount pigment exceed percent weight cement color pigments mixed cement dry clean tools separate mixer prevent streaking course method uniform moistening subgrade important color results difference course methods course method base coat conventional concrete surface base coat left rough produce bond top coat soon surface water disappears top coat colored concrete generally thick dry shake method apply commercially prepared dry color material concrete surface floating edging grooving apply coats dry shake surface slab perform finishing operations application dry shake color worked concrete
interesting decorative textures produced vertical concrete surfaces textured form materials rough sawn cedar siding produce rough textured surfaces shown fig variety textures endless fig shows cast concrete textured imitate stone sculptured concrete block special procedure required finishes textured surfaces slabs achieved brooming mortar dash coat rock salt brooming executed fine coarse straight line pattern wavy texture procedure brooming surface discussed earlier travertine keystone finish called produced applying dash coat mortar freshly leveled concrete dash coat mixed consistency thick paint yellow pigment applied splotchy manner dash brush ridges depressions formed procedure coating hardened slightly surface troweled slightly flatten ridges spread mortar resulting finish smooth high spots coarse grained low areas effect looks travertine marble texture produced scattering rock salt surface hand floating troweling salt pressed surface top grain exposed concrete hardened surface washed brushed
methods obtaining color cast place concrete wall exposed aggregate large percentage coarse aggregate mix surface sandblasted bushhammered chisel textured expose colored aggregate method producing exposed aggregate cast place walls preplace dry aggregate form grout pressure cement sand water slurry hole bottom form pumping grout external vibrator aggregate exposed sandblasting days grouting alternate patented method wrap wire mesh reinforcement preplace aggregate mesh form special concrete mix cast core mesh dispensed repetition window openings makes attractive design large structures shown fig white portland cement concrete suited window walls color permanent coarse aggregate reasonably uniform color white aggregate preferred maximum whiteness desired reinforced plastic forms provide concrete surface smooth hard air voids defects plastic forms reinforced fiberglass thick normal thickness wall forms column forms thick
masonry basement walls parged thick coat portland cement plaster mortar applied coats thick wall surface clean damp soaked applying plaster coat troweled firmly wall coat partially hardened roughened scratcher operation bond coat coat moist allow harden minimum hours applying coat shown fig cover wall footing finished grade line form cove footing prevent water collecting point coat moist cured hours areas country soil conditions require additional dampproofing heavy coat tar coats cement based paint covering thin plastic film addition parge coat drain tiles concrete clay plastic generally footings carry ground water connected dry storm sewer concrete clay tiles diameter laid open joints plastic continuous tile preformed holes allow water enter types laid bed gravel foot wide deep
masonry units widely facing veneer application load bearing properties materials veneer attached backing act structurally rest wall corrosion resistant metal ties attach veneer frame concrete block construction codes require tie sq ft area covered paperbacked welded wire mesh attached directly studding grouted attach veneer frame construction technique eliminates need sheathing veneer wall construction looks cavity wall construction final form construction function considerably supporting structure completed attaching veneer load bearing wythes cavity wall load bearing built composite wall wythes bonded masonry wire ties wythes joined continuous mass vertical collar joint joint prevents passage water wall collar joint narrow space facing units units wall building composite wall course facing headers shown fig stretchers important facing courses laid full mortar bed head joints filled completely
types windows doors structure details windows doors situation provided mason plan ahead details shown figs typical illustrate relationship head jambs sill masonry wall head top window door jambs vertical sides sill bottom piece connecting jambs sills classified slip sills lug sills slip sills length window opening lug sills extend masonry side opening slip sill left opening laid set later lug sill set masonry bottom window door opening sills cut stone brick color pattern high resistance abrasion brick tile stone desirable surfaces roadways walks patios interior floors materials ground floor incorporated structural floor system factors affect selection brick jointing materials include traffic exposure moisture freezing appearance desired hard burned brick resistant wear grade sw prove satisfactory residential nonindustrial floors
site plan shows location building site show utilities topographical features site dimensions buildings property landscaping walks drives retaining walls foundation plan shows foundation size materials give information excavation waterproofing supporting structures footings piles accuracy drawing important upper parts building depend layout construction foundation floor plan shows exterior interior walls doors windows patios walks decks fireplaces built cabinets appliances separate plan view drawn floor floor plan section drawing cut ft floor small buildings drawn scale larger buildings drawn scale elevations drawn side structure drawings show features placement height windows doors chimney roof lines exterior materials important vertical dimensions electrical plan drawn floor plan locates switches convenience outlets ceiling outlet fixtures tv jacks service entrance location panel box general information concerning circuits special installations mechanical plan shows plumbing heating cooling systems systems shown separate plan designated plumbing plan heating plan cooling plan
masonry offers rewarding career persons interest working tools materials masons bricklayers skilled workers understand basic principles practices related construction industry earn pay opportunity advancement play important role building homes schools commercial structures proud skill fact produce need term masonry referred craft building brick today broader meaning includes types type consists construction bonded mortar type deals cement masonry lay brick block tile stone called masons cement masons specialize concrete slabs footings foundations masons masonry units brick block stone tools skills form buildings structures skill knowledge learned practiced successful trade masons learn proportion ingredients mortar figure trade related problems mix spread mortar read blueprints handle kinds masonry units willing learn techniques procedures learn cooperate trades build exterior interior walls floors patios walks columns window door openings fireplaces arches building elements
apprentice person preferably apprentices written agreement learn trade apprenticeship agreement local apprenticeship training committee acting agent contractor agreement contractor agreement approved local joint committee apprenticeship applicant completed high school preferably manpower administration bureau apprenticeship training sets responsibilites apprentices perform diligently faithfully trade pertinent duties assigned contractor accordance provisions standards respect property contractor abide working rules regulations contractor local joint committee attend regularly satisfactorily complete required hours instruction subjects related trade provided local standards maintain records experience training received job related instruction required local joint committee develop safe working habits conduct manner assure personal safety safety fellow workers contractor assigned apprenticeship completed reassigned contractor agreement terminated local joint committee conduct times creditable ethical moral manner realizing money effort spent afford opportunity skilled worker
furniture designs evolved newer styles adaptations developed earlier period period styles furniture developed europe eighteenth century kings queens countries employed skilled cabinetmakers worked full period produce elaborate decorated furniture match luxurious surroundings designs produced named ruler carried cabinetmaker space permits description todays popular styles design textbooks include detailed information traditional furniture words formal elegant gracious named original eighteenth century english designer include craftsmen adams brothers sheraton chippendale hepplewhite included duncan phyfe american cabinetmaker period furniture design named designer craftsmen influenced earlier queen anne period french king louis xv typical decorations include gilt fretwork carvings claw ball feet extravagant fabrics chairs tables feature graceful cabriole leg familiar trademarks traditional styling french provincial provinces france keynoted grace charm adapted developed elaborate court furniture louis xv outgrowth era rich families employed artists craftsmen full basis construct furniture homes
stock cutting list ready look lumber racks select items stock suited project requires lots judgment experience woodwork ask instructor help selected piece appears offer economical cuttings look carefully sides defects rough layout parts project bench ruler template white chalk works fine easily wiped want try arrangements lines finished cutting help piece cut planed sure look end stock rough sawmill small splits checks trimmed allow rough layout need layout defects covered project tight knots desirable interesting grain patterns rough layout extra thickness allowed planing width cut length check layout sure grain running direction piece
important part experience woodwork learning follow safe practices procedures prevent injuries give close attention instructions demonstrations instructor study directions tools machines listed book learn correct learning safe develop attitude safety means strong feeling importance safety willing give attention learning safest perform means carefully follow rules watching safe attitude protect shop activities school carefully study safety rules follow instructor recommend additional rules follow rules directions carefully soon safety habits perform automatically secure instructor approval plan shop decide able suggest easiest safest dress properly remove coats jackets tuck tie roll loose sleeves advisable wear shop apron snugly tied
polyvinyl liquid hide contact cement ready purchased glues need mixed prepared preparing powdered glues mix amount need job glues working pot hours discarded paper cup makes small quantity mixing container pour dry powder cup add small amount water stir stiff brush stick forms heavy gooey mass add drops water reduced smooth creamy consistency manufacturers urea resin glue recommend proportion measure parts powder parts water casein glue mixed proportion part glue parts water brush mix apply glue cleaned warm water soap study follow manufacturer recommendation label container working glue resorcinol epoxy glues sticks putty knife mix apply glues difficult remove brush applying glue wood surface called spreading glue applied wood surfaces joined called double spread applied surface called single spread
sanding process wood fibers cut abrasive hard material cuts wears softer material smooths wood surface prepares finishing coats sanding operations performed edge tool completed exceptions cutting small intricate parts sand surface blank times coarse sanding operation shape form parts operations performed power sanders try substitute sanding operation performed planes chisels tools individual parts especially inside surfaces sanded final assembly final touch sanding exposed surfaces finish applied sandpaper sand industry adopted term coated abrasive descriptive term generally kinds abrasive material applied paper cloth sheets discs drums belts forms principal kinds abrasive material woodwork flint garnet natural mined quarried materials aluminum oxide silicon carbide artificial manufactured materials flint actually quartz silicone dioxide found natural deposits flint oldest abrasives woodwork largely replaced newer materials
cross grained curly wavy grained wood difficult plane smoothed wood scraper scraper insure perfectly flat surface plane taking light cuts planing grain scraper smooth surface sanding operation hand scraper pulled pushed held angle deg angle vary depending scraper sharpened heavier cuts scraper pushed grip scraper thumb fingers end move thumbs nearer center apply force sharpen scraper lay scraper flat bench draw burnisher hardened steel rod side place vise draw file edge square sides shown fig corners sharp dangerous practice round slightly hone edge oilstone smooth sharp side laid flat stone strokes remove wire edge formed scraper held vise run burnisher edge hold burnisher angle deg sides stroke gradually tilt strokes reaches angle deg
saw guards foolproof eliminate completely hazards table saw operation standard equipment machines operations guard covers blade completely hide view include splitter prevents saw kerf closing blade prevents stock feeding top blade guard equipped device prevent blade throwing operator guard easy adjustment fig shows guard employs plastic shields splitter feature circular saw blade list kind diameter gauge number teeth arbor hole size common kinds blades rip crosscut rough cut rc combination standard flat ground combination hollow ground combination kinds designed special names trimmer edger groover inserted tooth groover concave groover gauge thickness blade varies diameter large blade require greater thickness support rim prevent vibrating heavy cuts hard wood require extra blade thickness gauge blade minimum thick blade cut wide kerf waste stock require power
dado head cut dados grooves lap joints rabbets interlocking joints stock held controlled fence miter gauge separately combination cut groove raise dado head correct height adjust fence feed stock machine shown fig removing large amount waste feed slower regular saw blade groove continue piece stop preset fence cutting dados stock held miter gauge miter gauge fence extra care dado prevent splintering especially cutting plywood fine hardwood veneers try scrap piece check width depth correct tendency wood splinter lower dado head cut scores surface deep set required depth final cut rabbets quickly accurately cut dado head shown fig wood pad clamped screwed fence set required position dado table dado head running raise allow cut wood pad required height
duplicate parts cut length stops clamped fence stock fence starting cut saw operated left hand hand holding part side holding hand small pieces hand cutting line clamped table cut hand tools radial arm saw ideal making miter bevel cuts easy handle large pieces precision cuts cut miters swing radial arm required angle follow procedure crosscutting lower guard cuts kind bevel cuts grain radial arm angles table fence elevate arm blade clear table tilt motor required angle lower arm blade cut table surface proceed regular crosscutting shown fig lower guard operation bevel angle approaches degrees compound mitering combines previous operations tilt motor required angle swing radial arm position
select correct bit sure bit sharp motor disconnected router base removed insert bit full depth chuck lock motor shaft tighten chuck approved type wrench insert motor unit base lightly tighten clamp measure adjust correct depth cut lock base securely routers special depth adjusting ring equipped base set bit adjustment ring moved base distance equal depth resetting base ring provide required cut router motor revolves clockwise direction viewed fed left making cut edge facing cutting oblong circular pieces move machine counterclockwise direction rate feed vary hardness wood size cut routers induction motor slow load excessive loss speed heavy cut heavy reduce depth cut maintain rate feed depth cut increased pass feeding router bits slow rate heat burn wood causing damage cutter
stock sanded firmly supported held position stock clamped vise held stop mounted rear end switch position plugging electric cord portable power tools sander properly grounded turn switch check travel belt tracking properly hold sander lower carefully evenly surface move sander forward backward surface end stroke shift sideways half width belt continue entire surface holding sander perfectly level sanding area amount press sander weight sufficient provide proper pressure cutting action allowed rock rear pulley damaged complete raise machine surface stop motor portable belt sander save sanding requires lots skill operate properly portable sanders built compact mechanisms require special lubricants extra attention oiling schedules study follow manufacturer recommendations operator manual clean sander empty dust bag putting sander
furniture term applied movable articles chairs tables desks beds furnish rooms homes commercial public buildings cabinetwork similar nature term applied cases cabinets counters interior woodwork fixed place non movable installed pieces furniture called cabinets tv stereo storage results confusion terminology methods construction cabinetwork general require high level perfection design accuracy finish found furniture today nearly furniture produced large factories largely true cabinetwork smaller cabinet shops carpenters working construction site frame construction consists similar pieces fastened ends examples include picture frames bulletin boards trays mirror frames component parts furniture cabinetwork leg rail type construction tables chairs benches stools basic parts legs rails stretchers braces nearly solid stock joined joints mortise tenon joints quality today improvement adhesives dowel joints considered strong especially reinforced glue blocks special metal fasteners boxes chests consist sides ends top bottom
interior surfaces plastered finished gypsum wood composition panels plastered surface base gypsum boards metal lath nailed wall frame inside corners reinforced metal strips reinforcement corner openings expansion contraction frame plaster crack grounds wood strips serve guides thickness gauges plaster set openings residential coats plaster rough finish applied final coat troweled smooth sand textured surface dry wall construction extensively home construction materials methods perfected allow expert field apply smooth unbroken surface large sheets paper faced gypsum panels attached wall frame joints taped sanded applications nailing base gluing finished panels place plywood hardboard panels plain textured grooved surfaces extensively applied gypsum board surfaces attached furring strips today materials prefinished require treatment installed wide variety ceiling tile materials absorb sound provide attractive appearance edges interlocking joints quickly easily applied stapler
wood cells fibers structural elements wood sizes shapes firmly grown strength wood depends thickness structure cell walls cell size magnified section wood looks honeycomb cells run length wood run angles radially center tree cell groups conduct sap grain called wood rays medullary rays kinds wood small oak sycamore large noticeable especially wood quarter sawed addition regular cells wood rays hardwoods large cells called vessels provide main arteries movement sap cells called parenchyma found hard softwoods function mainly storage food cells differ size shape arrangement deposits resin coloring matter add provide interesting attractive grain patterns textures wood commercially large part moisture sap removed living tree cut half weight moisture heartwood green birch tree moisture content percent cabinet furniture woods dried moisture content percent
occupational opportunities persons interested ability area woodwork million employed processing manufacturing distributing lumber forest products united states produces lumber half plywood nearly half paper paperboard wood desired material furniture interior finish homes continues grow importance popularity carpentry continue largest single trade carpenter cabinetmaker tools machines materials familiar school shop closely related includes patternmaking boatbuilding painting finishing illustrations book show plant job scenes trades occupations enter areas course complete high school studies woodworking courses offered industrial arts courses especially drawing students tend minimize importance science math social studies english unfortunate top craftsman appreciation understanding social economic scientific aspects competent reading writing speaking english language industrial woodworking plants furniture doors windows cabinetwork jobs require amount special training
body compared automobile engine requires fuel body fuel course food nurse begin study nutrients functions understand body food fuel order food body broken smaller parts cases chemically changed process food broken smaller parts body called digestion process digestion refer figure note locations structures perform function digestion considered phases mechanical chemical mechanical phase digestion food broken teeth moved digestive tract esophagus stomach intestines movement caused rhythmic contraction muscular walls digestive tract called peristalsis chemical phase digestion composition food changed essentially enzymes enzyme organic substance chemical substances digestion begins mouth food broken teeth mixed saliva secretion salivary glands digestive enzyme called salivary amylase ptyalin starch dextrin peristalsis gravity transfer food stomach esophagus esophagus tube connecting mouth stomach
blood carried glucose cells oxidized body needs occasionally carbohydrate foods eaten body needs body stores small amount liver muscles form called glycogen glycogen broken released glucose needed energy process controlled mainly insulin secreted islets langerhans pancreas secretion insulin impaired absent diabetes insulin supplied patient case diabetic patient intake carbohydrates carefully controlled balance prescribed dosage insulin oxidation glucose results energy byproduct heat providing energy heat major function carbohydrates essential metabolism fats protein sparing function provide energy spare protein surplus carbohydrates changed glycogen adipose tissue eating excess carbohydrates common obesity excess carbohydrates form sugar spoil appetites nutrients important carbohydrate tooth decay irritate lining stomach causing flatus deficiency condition body need nutrient greater amount supplied diet nutritional deficiencies discussed unit units terms essential nutrient lacking diet
vitamins chemical compounds essential body processes implies importance vita latin word meaning vitamins known discovered feeding animals diets pure protein carbohydrate fats minerals animals thrive fed normal diets vitamins named alphabetically according discovery later learned vitamin complex divided today vitamins known chemical names vitamin deficiencies result disease balanced diet prevents deficiencies natural sources vitamins food vitamins concentrated forms physician prescribe vitamin supplements shown cases excess vitamins detrimental health amounts kinds vitamins foods vary depend soil climate plant foods grown health animals meat today synthetic vitamins frequently added foods processing foods enriched fortified examples foods enriched breads cereals thiamine niacin riboflavin added fortified margarine vitamins added occasionally vitamins lost food processing cases food producers replace vitamins synthetic vitamins making food nutritionally equal natural unprocessed food
advisable buy frozen foods small packages type package plastic bag cook remove food needed meal frozen foods sold according weight labels number servings contained frozen foods expensive fresh foods economical waste season fully cooked foods require reheating economical terms cook spoil stored properly prepare canned foods popular especially limited refrigerator space foods cans meats canned foods inexpensive sold according sizes shown figure weights products identical cans vary densities foods extremely popular form food today convenience food term describe cake bread dessert mixes instant puddings brown serve breads pastries frozen tv dinners frozen fruits vegetables meats fish desserts require preparation high quality save kitchen
nutritious food illness contaminated harmful microorganisms fortunately united states strict federal local laws regulating production food dairies canneries bakeries meat packing houses subject inspection authorities safe assume commercially prepared foods sanitary numerous cases sick ate obviously handling food carelessly home microorganisms environment foods moist provide excellent place grow microorganisms produce toxins poisons illness eaten diseases tuberculosis dysentery typhoid fever contaminate food poor sanitation inadequate cooking improper storage food prevent food contamination person preparing food clean hands clothes equipment carrier carries infectious organism ill important fruits vegetables washed rid insecticides cling cooking sufficient kill disease causing microorganisms present food trichinosis disease caused eating insufficiently cooked pork parasite called trichina condition characterized nausea diarrhea fever muscular pain
nurse accurate weighing measuring ingredients order prepare dishes consistently high quality follow physician orders special diet cases learn measures scales common set measuring spoons includes teaspoon teaspoon teaspoon tablespoon common set measuring cups solid dry ingredients includes cup cup cup cup dry ingredients fill gently shaking remove excess flat spatula level top shaking measuring cup packs dry ingredients results excess measurement solid ingredient shortening measured brown sugar packed cup air pockets cut slender knife measurement leveled pressing firmly cutting top cup liquids measured cup marks indicating cup cup cup cup cup cup spill area cup mark pouring spout accurately cup level surface liquid measured exactly line measurement equipment inexpensive variety store advisable learn weights measurements abbreviations recipes
carbohydrate controlled diet diet modified nutrient content primarily controlling diabetes mellitus diabetes mellitus chronic disorder carbohydrate metabolism caused inadequate production utilization insulin insulin hormone secreted islets langerhans pancreas hormone enables body glucose simple sugar end product digestion carbohydrates supply insulin inadequate sugar burned accumulates blood subsequently excreted urine characteristics untreated diabetes mellitus include increase output urine itching skin weakness loss weight increased thirst increased appetite diabetes develops individuals symptoms severe condition frequently overweight urine blood tests sugar present treatment begun treatment consists diet therapy medication patient diet modified receives carbohydrate maintain health carries normal activities according severity condition insulin hypoglycemic agents ordered aid carbohydrate metabolism type carbohydrate controlled diet ordered depends physician concept treatment experience patient unweighed diet elimination concentrated carbohydrate weighed measured diet calorie count diabetic patient diet determined physician basis size sex age activity
tap water sodium amount varies communities local department health heart association consulted information medicines sodium patient sodium restricted diet doctor permission medication sodium restricted diet regular diet amount sodium limited foods low sodium prepared served salt salt added ordinary table salt percent sodium foods large amounts sodium allowed limited quantities omitted entirely diet totally free salt foods water sodium naturally sodium restricted diets planned table page appendix lists foods sodium content list complicated consuming american heart association devised sodium restricted diets mild sodium restricted diet milligram sodium diet milligram sodium diet diets foods divided lists lists milk list vegetables list fruits list bread list meat list fat list free choice foods lists listed units foods allowed diabetic diet lists discussed unit
allergy altered reaction tissues individuals exposed substances similar amounts harmless persons substances causing hypersensitivity called allergens allergic things pollen dust drugs cosmetics foods discussion limited allergic reactions foods typical symptoms food allergies include hay fever asthma gastrointestinal disturbances hives urticaria edema allergies uncomfortable detrimental health treated order relieve symptoms simplest remove item allergic reaction finding allergy difficult part treatment allergic reactions food differ individuals person hives eating strawberries mean sister hives caused eating strawberries condition caused allergic reactions differ individual children frequently outgrow sensitivities skin tests frequently detect allergies food allergies difficult determine tests elimination diets prescribed order find food foods allergic reaction elimination diet identifies specific foods allergens individual gradual addition basic diet composed nonallergenic foods
faced situation perplexing difficult course action appears uncertain confronted problem mature person resist temptation act impulsively devote mental energy systematic exploration problem attempting solve step solving problem problem words define accurately amazing step solution banish irrelevant considerations helps eliminate mental paralysis caused emotional impact dilemma gather facts created problem examine try gathered facts evaluated think solution solutions review considering purpose actions consider accomplish goal upsetting sure account pertinent fact genuine effort suppress emotional coloring try reach truth matter try entire situation acting part dealing facts distortions acquired secondhand thirdhand doctor approach weigh pertinent sign symptom making diagnosis
satisfactions nursing pride ancient tradition selfless service career nursing comparatively recent instinctive act dates woman nursed child served midwife primitive societies ministrations women tribe supplemented efforts witch doctor tending sick wounded group communal spirit nursing dates earliest times thousands christ advanced stable civilization flourished river nile egypt medicine kind practiced widely egyptian physicians treating fractures medical specialties existed direct evidence ancient egypt class women nursed sick written records procedures classed nursing nursing carried physicians performed duties civilization hebrew part writings testament ancient tradition hospitality thou shalt love thy neighbor thyself hebrews erected sick houses homes aged sick homeless stranger welcome incidentally hebrew initiated principles personal hygiene public sanitation number present jewish dietary laws stem ancient health measures civilized lived greeks attained height power influence
greatest strides development modern nursing took place nightingale era reforms spread red cross founded dunant swiss object creating international health organization serve wartime neutral body peacetime event disaster clara barton organized american red cross close civil war american women assuming interest public affairs bellevue hospital reformed according nightingale tradition training school founded plan original nightingale school england school founded official nursing textbooks uniforms secular nurses appeared adoration praise lavished early pioneers trained nursing public appreciated hours devoted labor welfare patients medicine nursing making revolutionary progress era medicine based bacteriology ushered louis pasteur robert koch joseph lister father modern aseptic surgery semmelweiss practically banished dreaded childbed fever puerperal sepsis hospitals vienna eventually hospitals civilized progress nursing medicine number outstanding women arose give direction scope profession
beauty skin deep saying goes skin important beauty clean clean washing accumulations dirt bacteria perspiration waste sebaceous secretions dead cells habit daily bath shower deodorant essential soap water cleanliness attained easily fancy soaps deodorants required smell clean fresh perspire odors occur increased physical activity nervousness excitement perspiration odor covered perfumes controlled washing soap water deodorant antiperspirant order effectively advisable shave unsightly hair underarm areas clean smooth regular shaving perspiration odor retained women remove excessive growth hair arms legs easily shaving depilatory abrasive shaving shaving cream solution simple learned art prepping find expert shaver skill applicable patients authorities agree shaving encourage growth hair contrary general belief nurse hands cared clean smooth skin nails
don wear cap public places street official functions approved school employer carry plastic bag protect don wear extreme hair styles save duty wish glamour girl don wear excessive amounts perfume jewelry fingernail polish choose care complement uniform general appearance don smoke tobacco odor lingers part uniform smoke presence patient inflammable explosive mixtures anesthetics oxygen public places don chew gum drink alcoholic beverages uniform don bring disgrace uniform vocation part wearing uniform places questionable reputation nurses look act healthy healthy consult physician seriously ill obvious symptom needs medical attention nurses practice health habits preventive medicine seeing physicians regularly recommends physical examination physician records knows able diagnose determine nature extent illness examinations assist arriving earlier diagnosis able correct treat minor ailments
heard relationship mind body told closely linked relationship considered accepted person concept basis psychosomatic medicine psycho mind soma body everyday experiences find emotions affect body functions blush embarrassed tight feeling chest feel stomach tied pretzel examination waiting supervisor office perspire freely heart pound rapidly excited afraid normal reactions body emotional tensions disappear quickly removed tensions natural complex lives provided helpful suggestions bothers talk confide problem worry trust relative friend supervisor faculty member worker talking things help relieve stress enable things clearer light help solution confide write letter put exactly feel
control setting fees pertaining patient charges understand meaning reason strategic role explain costs patients surface hospital charges exorbitant consider valid reasons costs patients assured getting lot money hospital room charges include room maintenance housekeeping linen needed meals special diets nourishment diet instruction hour nursing care hospital personnel duty meet needs patients prescribed physician room charge comes hour highly trained personnel readily pull call bell physician order patient pay tv repairman cleaning woman electrician plumber technically skilled employees duty medical costs certainly rising advances science necessitated skilled personnel advent hour week means employees needed hospital remain open hours days week salary scales hospitals lower industry hospitals compete order attract retain competent employees salaries drop level addition drugs equipment diagnostic procedures exist ago present today increased costs
daily contact scores categories workers contribute directly indirectly patient welfare include physician nurse laboratory technician orderlies nurse aides dietetic aide clergyman ray technician host cooperation absolutely vital smooth running complex healing institution willingness abide give tradition pays personal benefits job satisfaction step cooperation learn rules institution administrative manual explanations duties responsibilities department order promote efficiency standing orders pertaining administrative routines policies included nurse familiar precedents procedures issued supervisor department head abide cooperation implies loyalty institution occurred public opinion institution based largely reports patients remember efforts nurse pay double dividends hand dissatisfied conditions hospital air dissatisfaction family limited audience broadcast information possibly public fearful hospitalization
national league nursing attempting define patient needs reassure regarding care published rights patient organization stated patient expect receive nursing care help regain maintain maximum degree health nursing personnel care qualified education experience personality carry services responsible nursing personnel caring sensitive feelings responsive needs limits determined doctor patient family taught illness patient help family understand help plans family continuing nursing services period need plans involve personnel community resources nursing personnel assist keeping adequate records reports treat confidence personal matters relate patient efforts nursing personnel adjust surroundings patient help maintain recover health nursing responsibilities patient care start admission hospital diagnosis tentative nature nurse observe patient symptoms significant findings physician prompt accurate reporting recording
order protect public person practicing offering practice nursing hire states licensed professional nurse practical nurse possession license means holder passed examination required demonstrate competence practice professional nurse licensed practice holds legal title registered nurse abbreviated practical nurse licensed title licensed practical nurse california texas practical nurses licenses titled licensed vocational nurse legal titles conferred individuals met requirements borrowed assumed unqualified person prosecuted states virgin islands samoa puerto rico guam district columbia passed laws permitting licensure practical nurses states licensing practical nurse mandatory license allowed practice states licensing practical nurses permissive meaning practice license wishes course title represent licensed advantage mandatory licensing offers greater protection public weeding unqualified practitioners raising standards vocation mandatory licensure common states compulsory nurse obtain legal document permits offer services public charge fees
contract agreement consideration legal term meaning recompense fee contract legally binding parties uphold end agreement committed breach contract sued damages person order contract legal mutually understood offer acceptance contracts formal terms elaborated document read sign formally giving acceptance contracts casual offer acceptance implied silent walk newsstand pick newspaper leave proper change vendor pockets contract word spoken doctor brown discusses conditions employment mrs smith mrs smith approves tells doctor report doctor says expect arrives appointed parties entered contract actually contract contract implied doubt intentions doctor nurse private duty nurses definite contractual terms patients phrases usual wage hours regular salary reasonable payment working hours vague meaningless
harrison narcotic act federal law effect passed purpose regulating manufacturing dispensing selling prescribing narcotic drugs drugs defined mean opium coca preparations natural synthetic derivatives salts common known drugs group morphine sulfate codeine papaverine pantopon apomorphine hydrochloride law makes possession narcotics crime states passed legislation restricting sale hypnotic drugs barbituric acid family laws patterned harrison narcotic act prohibit possession sale derivatives barbituric acid proper licenses dispensed prescription common known drugs group pentobarbital amytal phenobarbital barbital find laws legal restrictions category drugs harrison law provide nurse legal possession narcotics barbiturates obtained patient prescription physician holds narcotics license prescribed physician holding narcotics license administration patients provided returned physician leaves case patient longer needs addition nurse give narcotics supplied institution narcotics license provided giving carefully recorded legal records patient physician dosage drug nurse signature
office physician dentist opportunities licensed practical nurse receptionist secretarial talents office nurse efficient jack trades girl friday addition nursing duties responsible routine laboratory taking patient history patient education housekeeping offices waiting examining rooms sterilizing equipment instruments requisitioning supplies equipment taking periodic inventories handling correspondence office bookkeeping duties office nurse vary specialty physician size practice wishes physician offices physicians share premises receptionist personnel employed physicians delegate routine treatments dressings giving medications injections collection money office nurse able carry duties ease speed working conditions vary physician sure understand responsibilities working hours salary payment sure working reputable physician accept type position check county medical society physician licensed practice institutions common united states general hospital care chronic disease geriatric patients emergency basis acutely ill
customary holiday days actually institutions grant leave absence pay days death employee family jury duty institutions pay difference jury pay actual salary election allowed vote employer set standard religious legal holidays cumulative granted actual holiday instance days pay arranged superior absent reason explanation employer terminate fire soon unable report duty notify employer immediately absence accounted properly nurse called place nurses consider transportation expenses important aspect choosing employment give matter thought location job relation home considered mode transportation expensive add live nurses residence premises savings involved lower rent payments walking distance
personal interview advantageous employer employee hand opportunity obtain answers questions regarding position place hope observe activities employer opportunity ask questions regarding education experience observe general appearance personality prepare interview carefully impressions accurate important selling neat groomed arrive ask questions concerning position responsibilities conditions personnel regulations matter important remember interviewer judge questions ask ask asked fill application form sure ink neatly accurately completely license social security numbers school graduation dates names addresses correct spelling references vital information asked application blanks listing names reference application form interview sure permission customary employer check references places employment call write employer definite appointment interview discuss position applying
period known dark ages culture early romans deteriorated disease rampant unsanitary conditions responsible destroying quarter population ancient europe fight supremacy period goths christians invaders destroyed remained roman culture europe dormant ten centuries renaissance gradual upbuilding plumbing began early century plumbing apprentice laws passed england france began building public water service installations century general europe period building including progress art sanitary science united states largely devoted agriculture progress plumbing kitchen sink portable bathtub indoor plumbing fixtures privy common means disposing waste matter water closets imported england patented instances doubtful scientific principles applied installations civil war plumbing improvements slowly steadily patents issued traps methods ventilation public water supply sewage disposal systems evident plumbing regarded necessity luxury considered twenty homes urban localities provided hydrant slop hopper disposal waste
electricity power supply mechanical equipment construction jobs today temporary lighting wires found strung jobs construction electricity dangerous show electrical power flowing wires light burning motor turning electricity care touch bare wire create condition current flow body ground wet scaffolds metal pipe wet ground concrete dangerous wetness mass metal improves grounding condition permitting greater flow current pass body severe shocks burns death attempt touch person live current flowing killed try remove wire equipment creating problem pushing lifting dry piece wood shut electricity immediately safest method attempt electrically powered tools equipment knowing principles operation methods general special safety precautions sure power tools approved double insulated type nondefective wire grounded type cords properly power tools approved underwriters laboratories ul adequately sized wire extension cords carry required load
plumbing systems building chapter potable water supply system sanitary drainage vent piping system storm water drainage system constructed plumbers pipe fittings valves meters purpose chapter present apprentice common pipe fitting materials plumbing valves meters describe materials materials text consider plumbing pipes fittings classified basic groups cast iron soil pipe fittings galvanized steel pipe threaded fittings copper tubing solder joint flare joint fittings plastic pipe fittings going detail materials apprentice understand local plumbing code area type piping material piping system local plumbing codes consideration local conditions soil types ground conditions local rainfall frost freezing conditions affect choice piping material reason local plumbing code consulted material code approved material system piped cast iron soil pipe fittings manufactured grey cast iron material strong corrosion resistant corrosion resistance cast iron soil pipe derived metallurgical structure grey cast iron
copper tubing cutters illustrated figure tubing cutters shown wheel type cutters cut copper iron pipe cutters illustrated figures cut iron pipe cut removing metal cutting wheel forces wall tubing cuts copper tubing cutters range sizes cut copper tubing form inch nominal size types shown figure small diameter cutter typical type cutter cut copper including inches size larger cutter typical cutters copper tubing inches inch nominal size quick opening cutters quick opening closing handle threaded tubing merely needs pushed copper actual cutting started open cutter unscrew handle release nut merely pressed handle drawn prefab shops job sites large amount copper tubing installed copper tubing cut abrasive saw wheel type copper cutters leave ridge inside tubing removed restriction flow pipe
locations plumbing fixtures pipes laid plumber cut holes pipe building walls floors building wood frame construction common woodcutting boring tools illustrated figures inch angle drill electric hacksaw necessity drilling cutting holes openings install plumbing pipes wood frame buildings angle type drill preferred drill fit inch stud joist space drill hole squarely stud joist holes drilled squarely stud joist plumber minimum size drill bit size pipe installed minimizing loss structural strength smaller hole structural strength loss assortment drill bits drill shown figure electric hacksaw wood frame constructions cut holes pipe inches size cutting openings pipes pass wood construction angles impossible drill proper hole fitted proper blades saw variety plumber saw cut copper tubing plastic steel pipe installed opening existing pipe line cut
types cast iron soil pipe bell spigot soil pipe hubless hub soil pipe bell spigot soil pipe joints caulked joints mechanical joints preformed molded neoprene rubber compression gaskets hub soil pipe joined means stainless steel clamp assembly surrounding sealing sleeve neoprene rubber caulked joint soil pipe molten lead oakum caulked caulking irons joint watertight tools shown figures chapter oakum hemp treated pitch waterproof resistant elements waste lead pound bars bar lead strand oakum pictured figure lead heated plumber lead furnace poured ladle lead heated hot stick ladle red hot overheating lead burns slag careful adding lead molten pot lead damp frozen explode added lead pot partially full molten lead avoid preheat wet frozen lead side furnace adding pot molten lead steps required caulked lead oakum soil pipe joint cut soil pipe required length cutters pictured figure chapter illustrated figure
storm water drainage pipes installed sanitary drainage vent pipes fact storm water sanitary drainage pipes piped ditch run parallel pipe shafts tall buildings storm water drainage system part plumbing system conveys water precipitation storm sewer place disposal disposal surface storm water ago accomplished discharging building drain served plumbing fixtures building practice considered satisfactory public sewer drained river lake natural drainage basin discharge large volume clear water waste create problem cities grew population need sewage treatment apparent present virtually municipalities maintain sewage disposal plants processes sewage treatment liquefying suspended organic materials rainwater passing disposal plant affects process clear water separated water carried organic waste enters plant treatment storm water pure discharged natural drainage terminal affecting ecology practice adapted factory buildings located outlying sparsely populated areas municipalities constructed storm sewers serve privately owned buildings connection storm drains compulsory
figure illustrates sanitary drainage vent pipe arrangement single family home permitted areas installation consists water closet lavatory bathtub kitchen sink floor laundry tray floor drain basement building drain constructed inch pipe inch building drain increased inch pipe building sewer building sewer extended septic tank sanitary sewer main street cleanout provided inside basement wall front main cleanout end horizontal run cleanouts extended inches floor discourage homeowner removing cleanout plug cleanout floor drain setting water closet branch building drain serves laundry tray basement floor drain inch pipe pipe reduces inch pipe basement floor cross fitting installed provide opening laundry tray waste cleanout top cross pipe reduced inch size vent laundry tray trap inch vent pipe connects inch stack point inches spill line kitchen sink feet inches floor line piping layout shown bathroom area figure stack group
figure represents plumbing installation duplex residence consists water closet lavatory laundry trays basement bathrooms floors water closet lavatory bathtub sink provided kitchen building drain exception variations stack waste locations inch size preceding illustrations stack inch pipe bathroom branch connections floors stack installed partition directly water closet basement water closet vented inch wet vent inch basement lavatory waste connected inch vent extended basement toilet room floor ties vent floor fixtures bathtub waste floor bathroom inch pipe waste pipe receives lavatory waste discharges stack closet bend bathtub wet vented lavatory waste increased inch pipe inch lavatory bathtub vent connects inch vent floor water closet vent extends floor shown floor bathroom waste pipe identical floor
diaphragm type flushometer valve illustrated figure operates follows flushometer valve closed position segment diaphragm divides valve upper lower chamber equal water pressures sides diaphragm greater pressure area top diaphragm holds closed seat movement handle direction pushes plunger tilts relief valve water escape upper chamber water pressure lower chamber segment diaphragm greater raises working parts relief valve disc segment diaphragm guide unit allowing water flow valve outlet flush fixture valve operating small amount water flows pass port diaphragm gradually refilling upper chamber equalizing pressures upper chamber gradually fills diaphragm returns seat close valve pass port diaphragm small hole plugged dirt sand particles pass port plugged flushometer valve continue flushing cleared port blocked water enter upper chamber flushometer valve equalize pressures upper lower chambers stop flushing action reason dirty sandy water problem building flushometer valves installed piston type flushometer valves preferred diaphragm type flushometer valves
hand valve flushing washout urinals pictured figure flush urinal valve type user fixture presses holds push button valve allowing water enter fixture released valve slowly closes shutting flow water closing hand valves styles handles flushometer valve flushing urinals pictured figure valve pictured diaphragm type flushometer valve piston type flushometer valves flush urinals flushometer valves urinals differ water closets ways urinals require water flushing water closets internal parts urinal flushometer valves adjusted deliver smaller volume water water outlet flushometer valve urinal inch size washout urinals inch size syphon jet blowout urinals water closet flushometer valves inch water outlet automatic flushometer valve pictured figure flushometer valve electric motor operator activates flushing mechanism valve place handle assembly electric motor operator connected electric timer mechanism activates operator flush urinal predetermined intervals timer adjusted urinals flushed hour periods evenings weekends
laundry tray fixed tub installed laundry room home supplied cold hot water drain connection laundry tray washing clothes household items receive waste automatic clothes washer store water machine equipped water reuse cycle laundry trays called tubs rated drainage fixture units waste discharge require inch waste pipe inch vent pipe laundry trays manufactured present fiberglass plastics single compartment double compartment tubs wall hung floor set models wall hung laundry tray mounted bracket supplied fixture floor set model stands steel legs supplied fixture figure pictures floor set single compartment laundry tray wall hung double compartment laundry tray faucet laundry trays handle compression faucet swing spout hose connection spout laundry tray faucet mounted ledge fixture styles laundry tray faucets pictured figure faucet pictured top water supply piping laundry tray enters faucet common laundry tray installed basement home
developing suburban housing common practice developer install sanitary sewer storm sewer water main pipes streets streets paved homes built development colder areas country water main buried beneath street sufficient depth prevent freezing sanitary sewer main buried sufficient depth allow homes gravity flow building drain beneath basement floor mains street installed connections sanitary sewer water service piped home lot past curb line water service piped stop box sanitary sewer piped point stop box locations connections marked lot stake location depth connections marked master plans municipal building department office locations sanitary sewer connection water service stop box home chapter sheet plot plan number factors determined actual installation building sewer begin location depth building drain outlet depth sanitary sewer connection lot line grade pitch building sewer
determined location depth sewer connection lot line location depth building drain outlet plumber instruct operating engineer begin excavating trench backhoe operator start excavating house digging depth building drain outlet care avoid breaking building drain outlet pipe backhoe reaching depth building drain outlet operator dig backwards backhoe sewer connection street trench bottom graded approximately inch foot operator reaches area sewer connection trench opened depth sewer connection approximately feet depth main part trench water service installed trench building sewer save excavation expense trench opened wide expose water service stop box complete excavation trench building sewer water service trench excavated expose building drain outlet sewer connection lot line plumber proceed connect openings pictured figure length inch hub pipe joined building drain outlet additional lengths pipe added piping trench sewer connection
installation hot water piping starts inch hot water outlet nipple water heater inch copper female iron pipe adaptor threaded inch iron pipe size outlet nipple adaptor piece inch copper tubing extended inch copper ell ceiling piece inch tubing extends ell inch cold water supply bathtub copper tee inch opening faces inch hot water tubing bathtub water supply fitting inch opening tee joined inch hot water tubing bath fitting piece inch copper tubing inch copper ell inch opening tee extended inch copper tubing cold hard cold soft water mains point inches cold soft water main tee inch end opening facing front house inch end opening facing rear house inch opening extended rear house inch copper tubing point approximately inches front house inch cold hard water pipe supplying kitchen sink rear sill cock inch hot water pipe offset side beam
james parker seen rock late sickening thud jeep struck stood burning sand looked damage tell glance axle bent repair easy travel part kalahari desert hours found mining camps suddenly simple trip dangerous kilometers nearest settlement going daytime temperature reached degrees celsius night bitter cold worst water stay jeep offered shade maybe airplane spot crossed idea planes flew barren stretch desert start walking maybe camp road parker checked supplies box crackers grams dried meat half canteen water days parker rested shade jeep thought needs desert sun low sky set water need drained water radiator canteen took spare tire pulled tube
hundreds things ideas words inventions group sat dreamed didn united states nation simple answer question ideas story american student getting ready school morning alarm rang sarah reached button shut half asleep struggled pajamas clothes buttons wrong sweater washed face brushed teeth finally felt awake parents brother breakfast sarah grabbed pineapple refrigerator sat pineapple helped pancakes couldn decide put jam maple syrup finally settled syrup morning newspaper mother voice meant pay attention sarah remember feed goldfish yesterday ken clean guinea pig cage home sarah brother promised remember suddenly school bus honked sarah gulped milk grabbed books kissed parents rushed door
system system parts heating device house system heating unit pipes kind radiator thermostat fuel goes wrong part system thing break system works kind system economic system economic system things include materials factories workers money transportation buyers stores economic system nation global companies trade countries system developed economic system parts system spread happens part system parts affected strike dock workers california stop imports cars japan dock worker strike stop exports europe nations earth divided main economic groups tied economic system ways let view system looks countries factories industrial nations countries high incomes comfortable living standards countries manufacturing nations
travels taught lands kingdom merchant nile truly greatest gift gods seen compare riches governors replaced ancient adjmers masters irrigation land farmed extended desert learn series basins built floodwaters allowed channel basin filled smaller channels lead water areas ground water channel drains water basin nile floodwaters gods direct times floods lives lost city luxor mark wall flood luxor written wall entire valley sea dike withstand fury water birds swimmers torrent temples thebes marshes reign piopi river peace eye green fields sailing slowly upstream farmers fields wheat barley sway morning breeze
farming living permanent towns form irrigation opened lands farming created food surplus meant population spend specialized tasks specialization food surplus allowed towns grow cities point city complex organized government needed keeping records found city reaches point say civilization arrived specialization depend craftsperson makes jewelry depends farmers food government protection merchants raw materials craftsperson likely depend carpenters stonemasons house weaver cloth depending called interdependence parts city depend part breaks repair irrigation canals affected cities modern society specialization means greater interdependence careful look classroom school try listing groups companies school depends depend school city civilizations alike alike follow pattern remember egypt sumer civilized society special follows common pattern
reason city civilization special features goes learned culture remember culture societies meeting human needs building cities provided ways meeting human needs city civilization culture culture created ways living cities study city civilizations carried parts traveled human history growing number cities attracted magnets city offered protection groups warlike nomads cities provided laws helped settle disputes important fact cities exciting streets bustled activity places cities found lived farming farmers needed produce surplus food city dweller result percent living city farmers heavy dependence farming continued centuries united states declared independence percent lived cities cities places trade excitement places ideas exchanged places special skills learned ways things going read inventions ideas section
remote plain england place called stonehenge huge stones stand giant stone slabs kind roof pairs upright stones clearly put stones positions brought stones distances mystery stones goes stonehenge ancient romans conquered britain stonehenge historical mysteries reading chapter remember history known archeologists historians detectives amazing things working evidence find digs written records provided story human history unanswered questions remember writing early societies deciphered maya written records knows markings mean understood maya writing answers mystery reading early book read ways historical detectives archeologist historian develop explanation theory theory based survey evidence testing research continued searching prove theory theory proved wrong changed
guess heyerdahl guess hypothesis heyerdahl needed evidence put information knew early american civilizations myths aztec inca maya told white skinned east bearded white according myths brought civilization maya aztec myths legends able explain things adobe aztec houses houses ancient egypt mediterranean egyptians central american peoples built pyramids maya calendar developed perfect knowledge sun moon stars cities built dense jungle limited views skies astronomers eastern mediterranean egypt clearer view heyerdahl noticed maya calendar begins august exact date century century egyptian pharaohs piece evidence fit theory heyerdahl building expedition earlier visited easter islands find islands kilometers west peru small society islands reed boats ancestors built huge stone statues worshipped sun god called ra egypt sun god
woodcutter house loomed forest sunlight reach ground dense ancient trees paul feeling uneasy nearly nightfall strange sounds calls woods knew sounds animals birds couldn help thinking evil spirits ghosts witches silent prayer hurried cottage find place spend night pounded loudly door soon top half door opened crack bearded peered woodcutter paul heartily looking manor james greenwood direct apparently satisfied paul robber opened half door wider richard woodcutter announced james greenwood lord land manor house lies hill pointed direction sun paul thanked led donkeys hill crest hill looked pleasant farm valley paul approached manor peasant workers coming fields string cows straggled directed barking shepherd dog small white cottages peasants clumped formed village
europe power organized powerful weapons power cruel ways read cruelty conquests american civilizations spanish west indies tried slaves native americans forced look gold plantations native americans slaves knew land escaped rain forests stricken diseases carried europeans europeans built immunity diseases native americans protection half died diseases europeans turned africa plantation workers slaves brought africa west indies start terrible slave trade western hemisphere slavery existed recorded history slave trade started europeans million brought north america found strange lands ruled harsh white masters enslavement african europeans oppressive known civilizations major european countries took part african slavery later joined american colonists realize slavery terrible system slave trade stopped
step making modern nations building strong kingdoms happened europe early protection important law order roman empire powerful warriors part class nobles built fortresses castles provided protection called dukes counts lords europe divided hundreds small units ruled nobles gradually strong rulers began emerge dukes counts owed loyalty kings return land powerful king queen force nobles live oaths loyalty rulers helped unify kingdom england william conqueror united england conquering century later king henry ii unite england laws england longer noble laws land holdings english law queen elizabeth towns cities growing traveling trade kingdom parts europe strong government needed provide law order queen elizabeth created strong government mind powerful rule queen elizabeth strong fair
question find evidence ideas spread parts american ideas spread places idea declaring independence need protect rights limiting powers governments ideas written thomas jefferson declaration independence changed language easier read created equal endowed god natural rights rights liberty pursuit happiness governments created governments power consent government unjust change government duty throw government representatives united states america declare united colonies free independent states find ideas independence control government times places acted ideas going read parts documents look evidence main ideas declaration independence revolution began france rose misrule french kings nobility democratic government created french national assembly wrote declaration born remain free equal rights
main branches united nations general assembly member nation represented general assembly nations send representatives nation vote security council council powerful nations nations serve rotating basis duty security council settle disputes war threatens secretariat branch headed secretary general united nations duty branches smoothly manage business united nations economic social council council works find ways improve live promotes health education nations trusteeship council group aids guides member nations independent works help areas governing international court justice fifteen member council handles international legal disputes united nations beginning united nations weaknesses international law league nations enforce decisions united nations formed armed peacekeeping force occasions feel united nations failed prevent wars helped peoples ways thing provided place nations talk conflicts
leaders century emerged india devoted winning independence country mahatma gandhi gandhi small frail personal possessions gave nearly independence gandhi taught indian special fighting british control called passive resistance nonviolent resistance gandhi believed hindu concept nonviolence important thing urged resist british rule hand raised violence gandhi led peaceful protests famous nonviolent protests british government tax salt indian buy salt british merchants salt essential human gandhi felt wrong pay taxes salt led indian march called salt march thousands gandhi march sea collected salt boiling sea water solve problem act symbol british act british rulers look harsh cruel indian showed determined independent protests
century women making gains achieving equal rights movement equality began industrial countries europe north america major step gaining vote women achieved united states vote industrial countries won conflict equal opportunities women traditional values cultures societies taught woman place home woman main duties house prepare meals raise children women modern traditions accepted growing number look careers home want participate economic political societies going read struggle woman egypt gain equal rights amina el teenager decided newspaper writer determined help country wanted prove women amina decision shocked idea women egypt middle east countries supposed tasks home children told amina going religious beliefs islam
kind starting job graduated chances matter find working office supermarket sales counter stockroom automobile service station small business need clerical records understand language business data processing accounts receivable invoices checks petty cash business terms hear times job apply job match competition job record cash received paid write checks accurate checkbook balance record purchases sales merchandise able prepare payroll payroll records record business income expenses record amounts owed customers valuable skills acquire study record keeping study record keeping prepared compete job able handle personal business affairs artists sharpen tools trade tackling job successful study record keeping tools skills sharpen improve
large business firms job filing person known file clerk specially trained arrange store business papers orderly file clerk locate papers quickly easily needed business papers documents processed hand file clerk located selected retrieved seconds special equipment known automated data processing equipment illustration page shows operator facing special tv screen rows mechanized files merely pressing proper buttons control keys locate select hundreds thousands documents put microfilm required document instantaneously view document desired paper copy document printed seconds job firm employ specially trained file clerks automated data processing equipment employee firm find occasions file locate business paper employer expect familiar basic filing rules procedures office workers business papers filed ways common systems filing record keeper occasion numeric filing chronological filing alphabetic filing
cash registers purchased special keys department service stores interested cash registers special keys separate sales seafood meats fish meat products dairy products butter cheese cream eggs milk produce fresh vegetables fruits groceries canned foods cereals bread items included departments rung sundry items heading sundry items includes miscellaneous items soaps powders paper napkins brushes beverages helpful feature cash registers device show cashier amount change customer customer hands cashier sum money larger total amount sale cashier needs change give customer total sale amounted customer gave cashier cashier enter keyboard register show change possibility making mistake subtraction eliminated cashier hand customer consisting pennies dimes dollar bills handing money customer cashier say amount sale pennies dimes dollar bills note amount sale change customer equal money cashier
businesspeople careful records money spend true payments check payments currency speak currency mean actual bills coins businesspeople prefer payments check convenient payments currency imagine paying bus fare check course currency situations purchasing postage stamps paying taxi fare employee delivering package currency payments small petty amounts referred petty cash payments cash business checking account currency needed petty cash payments obtained writing cashing check businessperson estimates amount money period week month currency box called petty cash box petty cash fund started record payment petty cash fund person receives money sign printed form called petty cash voucher petty cash cashier approves voucher initialling assume working carol gallo designer june ms gallo starts petty cash fund petty cash box places charge fund
learned times businessperson likes spent petty cash fund type business item information record form special columns types payments business record book called petty cash book petty cash book similar petty cash record job compare illustration page illustration differences form date column column headed receipts column headed items date column record date transaction receipts column record money added petty cash fund amounts replenish fund balance fund items column studying sample problem job june employer cashed check start petty cash fund listed amounts spent petty cash fund vouchers issued record opening balance study petty cash book shown illustration notice payments entered start fund recorded receipts column cashed check written explanation column entry petty cash book month written top date column
end week need income received need income spent previous job learned daily record receipts payments give information tedious list payments find spent item recall problem studied petty cash system unit remember opened separate columns wanted separate totals learn money columns add special column item want separate total information easily record receipts payments illustrated page shows column record special columns page form showing information special distribution columns examine record distribution columns similar records practice problems record estimated budget figures help remember amounts set budget wrote items wanted separate totals column headings wrote estimated amount column heading receipts means hope spend week course future events tell correct guess
job learned form called statement account charge customer end month learned statement account copy information recorded customer account month statement account serves purposes enables customers check records store record serves reminder customers amount owed learned basic forms customer accounts account form shown column form shown page basic forms statements account form learned job prepared account form prepared form report called report form statement account form statement account prepared column customer account column statement account job practice preparing column form statement account shown employed office rowan retail store practice store send statements account charge customers end month statements account customers end january end february asked prepare statement account month february account
personal experience customer shop stores large variety selection merchandise commonly called stock wondered businesspeople record merchandise hand merchandise moves rapidly reordered merchandise moves slowly reduced price quick clearance lesson learn successful businesspeople find advantageous accurate records stock questions answered quickly accurately order businesspeople form known stock record card stock record card look shown page customary print form card paper card stands constant enable understand clearly information recorded study sample problem employed clerk atlas office supplies equipment wholesaler handle stock record cards stockroom store merchandise received handed number stock record cards cards item staplers pencils clips fans item stored stockroom requires card look shown page
previous jobs learned record information card check accuracy duties responsible notifying person known buyer purchasing agent need merchandise study illustration page note important numbers pay close attention number word maximum number word minimum balance constantly compare balance minimum approaching minimum notify purchasing agent merchandise ordered decided need merchandise decide required subtracting balance maximum order company favorable price goods ordered quantities purchasing agent final decision quantity ordered deciding notify purchasing agent fill form looks examine completed form prepare purchase requisitions words auto supplies written merchandise needed auto supplies department high school find school organized basis departments mathematics department english department
businesspeople record sales book called sales journal permanent systematic record sales customers cash received customers recorded separate book called cash receipts journal cash received customers recorded cash receipts journal amounts posted credit side customers accounts page number entered posting reference column instance cash receipts journal customers accounts show sales economy wholesale month june notice according terms sale customers supposed pay bills thirty days sales month june expect receive money customers owe july month exactly happened record money collected july received check jackson invoice june received check mcgraw stores invoice june received check pride bros invoice june received check mcgraw stores apply account part payment received check jackson apply account part payment
employee card shown information recorded card employer requires vary employers page card completed employee named maria romez clock racks provided hold cards rack rack employee card numbered beginning week payroll clerk arranges cards numerical sequence rack maria romez morning maria romez arrives goes rack removes card numerical order inserts opening clock pushes card clock automatically stamps business known punching card clock registered monday punching card maria takes clock puts rack slot numbered shows maria checked lunchtime maria goes rack removes card inserts clock pushes card printing monday maria puts card rack slot shows lunch
employee hired rate hour week worked hours look column headed hours worked number look column headed find means employee earned hours compare answer shown step page note answer table certainly easier answer suppose employee worked hours rate hour week employee wages look column headed hours worked find look column headed find answer speeded ruler place number hours looking makes easy look locate column need addition prevents eyes shifting wrong column suppose employee worked hours earned hour week steps finding answer find wages part hour worked look fraction hours worked column place ruler underneath number column find employee earned hour
circled notation shows transferred posted account called cash found page general ledger circled notation called postmark posting reference number postmark recorded total receipts column cash receipts journal posted cash account general ledger means found page general ledger look cash account general ledger cash account page ledger page appears side page note month date jan date column usual date recorded related arithmetic drill job means posted page cash receipts journal cr abbreviation cash receipts notation shows posted income labor account page general ledger look page ledger account date postmark means posted page cash receipts journal notation shows posted income parts account page general ledger
jobs learned post cash receipts journal cash account income accounts general ledger illustration page reviews postings cash receipts journal general ledger bruce west month january shown job notice cash received posted debit side cash account income amounts posted credit side income accounts keeping records west record cash receives cash pays addition west needed total amount income received need total amounts spent types business expenses compare income expenses determine making profit learned jobs posted cash receipts journal general ledger post cash payments journal general ledger illustration page shows west cash payments journal general ledger end january compare general ledger illustration general ledger illustration differences cash account credit posting
important understand amounts shown items column posted separately ledger account payments shown office expenses items column posted separately office expenses account ledger accounts special columns journal totaled totals posted ledger amount separate entries special columns marked memorandum posting reference column total special column postmarked page number account general ledger payments office expenses began occur frequently reduce number times required post office expenses account month adding column cash payments journal headed office expenses dr office expenses payments recorded column items column total column posted office expenses account end month total posting office expenses account month postings cash payments journal total cash paid posted credit side cash account postings expense accounts debit side accounts compare debits posted expense accounts credit posted cash account total debits equal total credits
correct posture creates beautiful body alignment graceful balance check posture stand wall feet slightly heels inches wall lean head shoulders touch wall straight find position uncomfortable need strengthen straighten exercises standing turn body slightly front view look slim tall forward foot pointed straight ahead foot angle front foot weight evenly distributed feet knees slightly relaxed locked walking smooth gliding rhythmic action conveys air ease confidence feet move parallel step short step walk noise shoulders relaxed arms swing easily palms hands facing head held climb stairs confidently leg muscles strong joints limber straight head stairs place entire foot step toes pointing straight ahead legs close
hesitate professional products approved salon services read package directions carefully adequate precautions protect patron skin procedure sections book find lists precautions applying products irritate skin study lists carefully follow save patron lot pain expense hair colors present greatest danger irritation federal food drug administration requires apply small amount haircoloring product patron skin ear hours prior haircoloring service hair dyes formulated ten ingredients manufacturers chemicals test application brand color going haircoloring service skin test reliable product left skin hours general application persons react product left reaction hair dyes takes form blisters swollen eyes lips inflamed skin accompanied itching redness patron reacts color application referred dermatologist occasionally patron hair tints period suddenly allergic
women frequently develop excessive hair face especially upper lip hair growth attributed decrease amount female sex hormone estrogen facial creams hormones orally injected body tend produce hair growth face patron complains condition suggest dermatologist ethnic groups especially prone growth facial hair inherited characteristic shows young girls services beautician perform alleviate condition temporarily abrasive papers pumice tweezers waxes chemical depilatories frequently employed beauty salons remove excessive unwanted hair shaving removing hair common service provided beauticians patron home discuss procedure detail shortly hair destroyed permanently electrical means procedure called electrolysis performed licensed electrologist electrologist inserts needle hair follicle small charge electrical current destroy hair papilla hair grow follicle lost source nourishment electrologist remove twenty hundred hairs sitting ray therapy employed method considered dangerous
avoid height volume top head close fitted vertical lines tend face longer narrower results drawn sad look suitable styles oblong face short medium length short hair dressed soft full fluffy lines forehead sides hair taper softly ear area medium length hair length face dressed natural curved lines fullness ears neck face shape narrow forehead chin wide center face fluffy fullness forehead neckline help areas broader hair sides taper closely ears tops cheeks area narrower curved surface head important familiar size shape patron head head shape size proportionate shape size body fact considered trying hairstyle balance frame body head shape size bones seamed form skull important bones frontal parietal occipital temporals
case sculpture curl formed complete shaping hair parted center shaping beginning open end making type curl hold shaping flat index finger ribbon hair forming ribboned circle ends centered curl curl overlaps fitting mold shaping fill curls areas shapings frame face run crown hair shapings left unset curls area individually sectioned formed bases stem direction backward angled slightly direction remains fill curls curls formed stem forward curls curls formed stem reverse curls curls directed clockwise counterclockwise forward curls side head formed counterclockwise direction forward curls left side head formed clockwise direction achieve kind curl sides head technique form curl side head mechanically left side hand form curls sides head handed hand left handed left hand
hair present problems properly handled true hair dry tangles breaks easily overdressing underdressing hair result frustration loss procedure dressing hair makes easier control hair help achieve satisfactory results reasonable length note procedure short hair longer hair tend dry split ends hair cared brushing shampooing conditioning hair shampooed conditioning detangling shampoo conditioner shampoo prevent hair splitting preserve length combing hair easier towel blot hair placing towel lengthwise hair nape folding end towel center hold folded towel nape wring hair blot excess water prevent dripping rub hair towel tangling breakage apply quick drying detangling setting lotion hair concentrate scalp hair comb hair divide hair parting center front loosely twist section pin hair predried minutes depending hair length density
acids dissolved water release ions water organic acids organic acids fancier structure ordinary acids carbon atom attached oxygen atom double bond pairs shared electrons attached broken water organic acids act acids generally organic acids strong acids cosmetics acetic acid acid found vinegar familiar smell vinegar smell acetic acid makes rinse hair organic acids consist chains carbon atoms acid group attached illustration end longer carbon chain thicker runny substance acids carbon chains solids cosmetics react chemically ingredients adjust ph give texture solid acids packaged dry dissolved form acid rinses color rinses solid acids give slickness sheen hair acid rinses drying hair alkali aldehydes hydrocarbons double bonded oxygen attached formaldehyde simplest aldehydes
makeup face comes sorts consistencies dry powders liquid mixtures ingredients purposes powders finely ground solids minerals kaolin fuller earth organic consist finely ground corncobs ground corncobs especially absorbing oils secreted skin powders achieve dull smooth look pigments impart faint color skin powders compressed form cake put compact powders prepared mix water applied face wet sponge makeup applied coverage powders mixed oils form creams oils help lubricate skin cream makeup small amount soap helps mix ingredients creams called foundations provide base makeup liquid makeup face type makeup fats unsaturated oils ground corncobs talcum powder kaolin pigments color glycerine liquid makeups add color change apparent color skin cover blemishes protect skin drying effects sun wind oils lubricate skin
ensure successful results haircoloring preliminary consultation patron consultation select hair shade examine patron scalp discuss upkeep preliminary strand test preliminary patch test required plan tint appointment patch test tint later discuss cost upkeep patron start changing color tell cost treatment frequently hair retouched explain dramatic color change mean frequent retouches color closer natural shade color treated hair require frequent conditioning treatments expensive permanent wave course stop reminding patron advantages cost factor hair coloring service careful examination patron scalp applying haircoloring product preliminary consultation apply haircoloring preparation scalp abrasions eruptions cuts present postpone coloring service scalp cleared lighting color selection color selection artificial light sure close daylight evaluating color sure hair clean dry soiled wet hair looks darker
patrons think permanent supposed produce firm curl head mean curl areas patrons desire wavy hairstyle want curl support ends leaves hair scalp smooth procedure permanent wave differs conventional permanent wrap hair scalp ends giving permanent wrap portion hair curl needed desired section hair sections sections wider width permanent wave rod curls section careful presectioning saver wrapping vital perfect permanent results begin wrapping nape area winding end permanent endpapers smooth curl formation wrap hair ends securely avoid overlapping hair uneven curl hair held low elevation wound tension problem keeping hair smooth rod try rocking zigzagging rod side side strand wound helps achieve smooth firm wrap curl case hair giving end permanent wind rods point inches scalp depending length hair hair inches hair wound curl formation
energy makes happening things big natural energy wish accomplish kind source energy days sources energy person control crude heavy animals oxen horses elephants person wealth power hordes slaves animals precise delicate substitute skilled hands muscles wonder dreamed servants genie magic lamp commanded miracles today fingertips convenient sources energy mechanical energy stored spring turns hands watches chemical energy released flame boils coffee drives rocket moon fantastic energy atom runs modern power plant makes terrible bomb nearest thing genie electricity rubbing lamp mere touch button flip switch produce marvels light fills darkness music replaces silence voices carry distant loved images sounds events recreated devices set motion opening cans performing mathematical calculations thousand thousand hand
important points section problem overloading study consider wiring imaginary salon circuits simple pretend salon small ceiling lights wall outlets moment pretend protection built wiring wiring diagram shop shown illustration electric company supplies power shop set wires wires shown heavy left figure nice fat wires designed carry large current limit heating let say limit shop amps means total current drawn loads exceed amps builder normal practice splits wiring separate circuits case lights utilities wall sockets lights light circuit sockets utility circuit wired parallel reasons discussed switch included light circuit turn lights owner wants shop brightly lit operator installs watt light bulb light socket bulb draws amps current parallel wiring current drawn lights total drawn bulb amps
structure function heart blood vessels look closely circulatory system oxygen poor blood carried parts body enters auricle heart large veins inferior vena cava superior vena cava superior vena cava transports blood upper parts body head chest arms inferior vena cava carries blood lower part body abdomen legs feet auricle full blood valve opens blood passes larger stronger ventricle contraction heart muscle forces oxygen poor blood pulmonary artery artery blood travels lungs blood lungs purified rid carbon dioxide waste product collected cells supply oxygen blood rich oxygen returns left auricle pulmonary veins say lungs section respiration left auricle filled blood valve opens blood pours left ventricle left ventricle strongest chamber heart muscles chamber contract push oxygen rich blood aorta journey body system
corporation charter obtained order form corporation corporation subject taxation regulation corporation offers limited liability debts greater chance getting capital needed start business stockholders corporation advantage losing investment elected board directors corporation conducts business corporation franchised salon operated individual accordance systems established regulated parent company type ownership popular individual owner makes initial payment parent company company percentage monthly sales return company trademarks logo design picture represents company arrangement help individual owner location lease provisions costly insurance financing franchise salons budget type salons fast customer turnover larger dollar volume average salon proper salon planning requires salon owner consider numerous factors involved installation choice location allotment space selection equipment factors discuss later important determine salon operate efficiently profit
specialized nature malpractice insurance offered beauty salon owners limited number major insurance companies information concerning type essential insurance beauty salon owners local representatives national concerns cost malpractice insurance varies depending experience staff type equipment location salon actual figure based annual audit salon payroll malpractice insurance written automatically immediately covers added salon payroll including part beauticians salon employees licensed cosmetologists insurance companies include products liability coverage salon owner malpractice insurance policies extra cost type products liability coverage protects salon patron injured due fault product covers products connection salon services merchandise sold patrons retail basis manufacturers carry products liability insurance patron suspects injured faulty product likely claim person knows dealt unknown manufacturer case salon owner precaution protecting products liability insurance policy trouble making claim manufacturer care patron claim
standard conventional body construction body frame entirely separate units held points means body bolts tightened torque wrenches manufacturer specifications rubber insulators thicknesses shim stock separate body frame points prevent squeaks developing road noises transmitted frame body removing adding shims points easy accurate alignment body frame obtained frames type construction perimeter called hour glass ladder type illustrated chapter unitized body construction frame body large number sheet metal panels varying sizes shapes assembled welded single unit type construction rigidity integral body construction strength bodies possess drawn individual panels welded body shell attachments required hold power train suspension system built reinforced floor pans side rails cross members called underbody section section greatest amount strength body type construction eliminates independent body frame dealt detail chapter
bolt clip assembly method attaching moldings strongest ways fastening moldings clips installed positioned molding bolts pushed holes outer panel nuts started tightened gradually drawing molding easy access side outer panel sufficient working room order method moldings equipped integral stud attaching nut die cast metal steel generally panels ample room drawing accommodating holes outer panel drilled accurately difficulties installation result retainer similar shown fig place threading nut type retainer molding installed totally enclosed outer panel bathtub clips popular today easy remove damaged cutting clip body sharp object putty knife body clip nylon cuts easily collapses making removal simple clips installed outer panel molding positioned correctly hooked upper lip clip sliding downward thump molding palm hand molding snapped bottom lip bathtub clip
age success try personal characteristics learning reliable attractive student later cosmetologist educational requirements vary generally student eighth grade education courses science anatomy physiology chemistry biology business economics accounting law art required helpful additional education later needed progress complete health examination doctor accepted student requirement practice checkup months addition maintaining general health ask doctor focus points exposed cosmetics shampoo rouge lipstick hair spray extremely sensitive cosmetics suffer severe reactions ill breathe fumes cosmetics beauty school salon color blindness partial total inability colors types color blindness person cosmetologist blindness reds greens permitted blindness browns blonds student performing hair coloring tasks tested color blindness family eye doctor
sanitizing chemicals poisonous internally injury death read directions label carefully follow safety precautions directions diluting procedures recommended manufacturer chemicals poured carefully avoid waste damage combing setting implements ordinarily sanitized quaternary ammonium formalin formaldehyde solution metal implements blow comb attachments curling irons manicure implements scissors shapers razors sanitized percent alcohol equipment shampoo bowls fixtures dispensary bathroom sanitized lysol diluted forms formaldehyde quaternary ammonium compounds varies effective quats solution strong part pure compound parts water safety stronger part pure compound parts water ordinary usage part pure compound parts water formalin disinfectant salons basically percent formaldehyde percent methanol percent water quats formalin brings important point remember chemical kind disinfectant required vary instance states prohibit formaldehyde important follow label directions disinfectant follow requirements board cosmetology health department consult instructor manager mix disinfectant
scalp hair cushion helps skull protect brain eyebrows eyelashes shield delicate tissues eyes instance speck dirt dust beard hair protects face women beard hair male hormones beard hair coarser women pubic hair protects genital region axillary hair shields soft underarm skin hair slender threadlike appendage extension skin hard keratinized protein keratin protein found human skin located epidermis outer layer skin soft keratin protects body hear layers skin chapter kinds keratin soft hard chemical basis hair hard keratin hair approximately percent carbon percent hydrogen percent nitrogen percent sulfur percent oxygen hair nourished fed protein comes food protein carried hair blood vessels molecule smallest unit compound atoms chemically combined atoms joined connected bonds building blocks protein molecule organic substances called amino acids healthy hair eighteen amino acids cosmetologist especially interested amino acids cystine tyrosine
basic parts wave chapter familiar parts sculpture curl names sculpture curl main parts shown figure base stem circle end base base direction hair defined chapter base sculpture curl thing direction hair takes leaves scalp form semicircle term chapter describe rest hair shaft hair direction sculpture curls parts stem circle end stem shown arc ab part curl determines direction curl horizontal vertical diagonal circle end round formation part sculpture curl size circle end called circle number turns regulate size strength wave tightness curl depends large small circle end ordinarily revolutions turns result beautiful uniform wave pattern ends turns wave pattern curly wavy making sculpture curl begin setting open end let circle end curl overlap base preceding curl
kinds rollers beauty schools salons today basic kinds rollers plastic nylon professionals especially popular magnetic wet hair cling small ventilating holes surfaces help dry hair quickly plastic nylon rollers similar ways differences greater think plastic rollers heavier nylon tendency warp continued exposure dryer heat warp throw nylon rollers hand lighter plastic rollers cost hold shape longer plastic rollers stained temporary semipermanent rinses plastic nylon rollers shapes cylindrical conoid cone shaped plastic nylon rollers lengths diameters short rollers called filler directional rollers wire mesh brush roller basically wire cylinder covered mesh netting circular brush inserted hollow part roller frame nearly cosmetologists brush rollers finally realized quickly unsanitary salon needed sanitized practical sanitize daily evidence tips brush bristles puncture damage hair hair strand dries contracts
point mastered principles apply setting sculpture curls learned principles mastering principles setting rollers hair shaped shapings parallel hair combed wound smoothly roller rollers set shaping open end closed end hair roller form part perfect circle rollers set stem half stem stem placements important principle hair wound turns roller depending desired effect hair texture principle deserves explanation number turns needed tell roller diameter select roller diameters vary inches simple problem hair strand inches roller diameter combination common sense trial error arrive answer large inch diameter roller set strand hair inch distance roller inches simple rule thumb remember shorter hair smaller roller diameter ideal wrapping turns
prefix semi means means half midway semipermanent hair color rinses halfway temporary permanent hair colors partially penetrate cortex put color inside hair completely penetrate cortex remain hair hair grows shampoos semipermanent colors called week rinses semipermanent coloring products longer lasting temporary temporary coloring products semipermanent coloring products water certified vegetable dyes azo dye combinations sulfur ammonium thioglycolate thio enable color partially penetrate cortex raise ph level alkaline range alkalinity cuticle swell color pigment enter cortex sulfur molecules color pigment molecules attach keratin hard protein fiber cuticle salt bonds cortex cuticle stained cortex partially colored physical chemical actions shampoo semipermanent color fade semipermanent color partial penetration cortex hair color tends gradually slip cortex color faded fourth sixth shampoos food drug cosmetic act requires patch test application permanent colors semipermanent colors
protect client products harmful tints diamine harmful client give client predisposition patch test test show client hypersensitive allergic product details patch test reviewed chapter protect allergies wear apron protective gloves mix apply permanent hair colors professional products school salon required food drug cosmetic act directions label inside package professional hair tints color hair head tint dangerous tint color eyebrows eyelashes blindness tint eyebrows eyelashes product label directions product purpose tints packaged amber colored bottles small boxes tubes light alters chemical makeup exposed light heat air ineffective mix permanent hair coloring plastic glass container metal mixing container oxidizing type service peroxide reacts adversely metal permanent hair coloring advantages client difficult cover resistant gray hair temporary semipermanent colors soon realize permanent color products tints effective
toning hair involves applying special pastel coloring product hair bleached pastel colors called toners molecules color large penetrate cuticle bleached hair toners aniline derivatives hydrogen peroxide toners semipermanent colors need peroxide bleaches complicated chemical formulas products vary brand generally ammonium potassium sodium persulfates water fatty acid soaps alcohols small amount color blue white especially interested effects chemicals hair safety sake general chemical makeup mind bleaching chemicals applied hair mixed volume peroxide catalyst mixture ph takes brown red yellow color decolorizes cortex hair oxidizing adding oxygen coloring pigment pigment actually vaporizes evaporates natural hair color powerful microscope hair bleached melanin longer cortex spots hair shaft molecules melanin pigment toner fills spots molecules color toners wide variety strengths
manufacturers professional products research development programs designed improve existing products develop typical demonstrating effectiveness programs introduction base chemical relaxer base chemical relaxer protective base creme mixed built relaxing creme manufacturing improvement eliminates entire step apply protective creme scalp base kit apply relaxing protective creme directly hair applying separate protective base careful base relaxer eliminates application find convenient saving client process faster services income hair relaxers straighteners neutralizers complicated text list sophisticated chemicals contained tempt beginners relaxers neutralizers kind experimenting dangerous scientific knowledge needed safe relaxer safe neutralizer manufacturers professional products attempt relaxing products school salon hair breakage scalp burns today makeup neutralizer important makeup relaxer doctors list chemicals fill prescription professional cosmetologists cosmetic hair relaxers clients
high frequency scalp treatments electricity electricity produces heat magnetic chemical effects electricity travels wire energy carried electrons electrons form current electricity electrical circuit formed electricity flows source appliance returns source electrical current travel easily called conductor electricity copper carbon water moist skin solutions salts conductors insulator rubber dry glass dry cement dry wood resists prevents passage electricity rheostat regulates flow electricity providing variable resistance electricity measured ways volts amperes milliamperes ohms volt measure electrical potential similar pressure ampere amp milliampere ampere measures strength electrical current ohm measure electrical resistance types electrical current alternating direct alternating current rapid intermittent flow electricity moves direction reverses move opposite direction ordinary wall outlet alternating current direct current continuous flow electricity moves direction batteries source direct current appliances power comes wall outlets appliance requires power battery
discussed earlier chapter melanin cells melanocytes basal layer epidermis chemical activates production pigment basic amino acid called tyrosine tyrosine melanocytes melanin ultraviolet rays sun release tyrosinase enzyme acts tyrosine start melanin synthesis tanning melanin formed works epidermis horny layer melanin colorless exposed oxygen dark melanin tans skin protect sun burning rays generally accepted overexposure sunlight number thickening wrinkling aging skin overexposure sun forms skin cancer daily sunscreen lotion advised protect skin white skin black skin differ number melanocytes black skin pigmentation pigment granules differ size shape reasons pigmentation skin change common pigmentation discussed scientists discovered melanocytes called overproduction pigment melanoderma underproduction pigment leukoderma specific terms applied terms basically correct melanoderma term describe hyperpigmentation overactivity caused overactivity melanocytes epidermis
actions contact forms matter matter chemistry matter defined weight takes space forms matter saw hot summer solid ice cubes liquid water gas air cosmetologist forms matter realized category matter solid client hair fingernails skin products maybe examples forms solids liquids gases important kind product act differently scientists talk branches chemistry organic inorganic hundred ago scientists defined organic chemistry study matter comes processes alive inorganic chemistry study matter alive easy remember distinction heard phrase animal vegetable mineral saying matter animal vegetable describe alive addition obvious examples includes wooden desk tree oil car oil formed millions ago dead plants animals
myology study muscular system including muscles specialized connective tissue term muscle refers bundle elastic fibers surrounded tough membrane known fascia fascia separates muscles helps hold place muscles vary size length shape according function area affect muscle pressure bones body move results body movement cells muscle tissue extensibility ability stretch contractibility ability shorten elasticity ability return original shape excitability ability respond stimulus muscular system stimulus provided nerves types muscle tissue found body striated smooth cardiac muscles striated called voluntary muscle skeletal muscle looks striped look microscope nerves cerebrospinal tract nervous system muscles controlled individual parts body function automatically internal organs blood vessels lined smooth involuntary muscles nerves kind muscle special branch nervous system known autonomic nervous system cardiac muscle tissue found heart characteristics types type muscle tissue contract regular intervals times
angiology study vascular system includes circulatory system lymphatic system circulatory system consists heart blood vessels brings food oxygen cells body removes waste carbon dioxide cells guards body infection regulates body temperature unlike circulatory system lymphatic system circulates fluids direction tissues heart open ended vessels lymphatic system collect fluid comes blood returns general circulation heart major part circulatory system cardiac muscle tissue size closed fist located chest cavity lungs surrounded tough membranous sac called pericardium meaning surrounding heart heart divided chambers upper chambers auricles receive blood lower chambers ventricles blood body heart major valves separate auricles ventricles known bicuspid tricuspid valves valves separate ventricles arteries carry blood heart valves close tightly allowing blood seep auricles ventricles ventricles arteries buildup pressure helps heart pump blood body
look business street stores kinds department stores food markets service stations variety stores unit nationally known company shop owned local business person store selling variety merchandise business offering products services retail outlet store retail outlets things common important differences allow classified groups merchandise carry divided groups stores classified depends purpose classifications department commerce classifies stores company ownership form operation classification helpful collecting operating statistics statistics turn helpful store wants measure operating figures similar store classifying stores discussed detail chapter major identifying stores kinds merchandise carry identification manufacturers retailers customers instinctively merchandise carried stores grouped broadly according likely purchased customers customers shop classifying stores discussed chapter knowing general types stores help pinpoint kind operation suit
merchandise classified ways grouped according length season customers buy according customers buy basic groups merchandise categorized according buy staple goods fashion goods seasonal goods demand merchandise groups varies constant periodic group requires selling pattern timing sales vary group group degree personal selling involved group depends personal selling require type selling think products customers buy round rate called staple goods outs term retailers staple goods store carries staple goods expected stock hand times notions staple goods housewares hardware bed linen children socks underwear stationery staple goods personal selling stores display selection fixtures size color usefulness specific purpose important customer knowledgeable salesperson help sales notions departments set partial selection basis customers exactly want select item need help ask salespeople
ready answer questions school subjects liked subjects received grades prepared questions extracurricular activities took part note hobbies special interests relate job employers ask future plans goals wise give thought area advance express clearly application forms ask personal references persons related speak list names correctly spelled addresses telephone numbers ask permission person list reference teachers school counselors references membership card union store union contract card obtained applying job immediately job begun nearly million united states workers belonged unions fourth civilian labor force roughly million white collar workers belonged unions important unions retailing retail clerks international association largest retail wholesale department store union service employees international union purpose union engage collective bargaining employers behalf members
nice walk store greeted friendly salesperson customers automatically smile feel relaxed feel friendly atmosphere customers gain favorable impression salesperson friendly return favorably inclined making purchase salesperson fails friendly impression uphill struggle sale fails willingly deal seemingly unfriendly disinterested salesperson forget unfriendly treatment received salesperson customers feel trust salesperson want think salesperson primarily interested serving needs wants making sale friendly salesperson won sell wrong cheat customer thinks salespeople act feel friendly trait important part shows friendliness helps coworkers customers comfortable store friendly cooperative employees indifferent find kind store extra effort friendly begin relax easy return friendliness
spoken communications important retail salespeople talk customers finding need want answering questions describing promoting merchandise think interest talk store employees getting information giving information relaxing coffee breaks ability speak clearly effectively skills salespeople successful spoken communications depend voice control proper speaking techniques basic listening skills quality voice important listen attentively receptively voice voice faults faults voice sounds person speak shrilly deeply loudly softly rapidly slowly possibilities matter problem voice developed determining qualities need improvement practicing regularly improved techniques lead speaking proper control gestures facial expressions vocabulary avoidance heming hawing control gradually automatic acquiring vocabulary deliberate continuing routine learning talk part job communicating effectively speech learning listen part talk effectively able listen
words represent alive continually changing adapted ideas spellings change meanings change words born words disappear stop building vocabulary reason continue add vocabulary words vocabulary flexibility variety speech salesperson waiting says style shown beautiful soon tire boring adjective overused point absurdity wise avoid superlatives meaningless beautiful wonderful marvelous specific interesting specific descriptive words learn learning words general picked books newspapers magazines find vocabulary trade specialty retail trade books trade magazines bulletins distributed product manufacturers tags labels merchandise manufacturers say products source words selling products seldom manufacturers meaningless word beautiful
money hand customer decided buy piece merchandise money purchase sales check written money cash register cash register business machine combines adding machine cash drawer newer cash registers things record amount money received sale hold currency coins daily business transactions cash register extremely important device salesperson properly cash register eliminate bothersome arithmetic problems adding totals subtotals retail stores feel need write sales checks add sales total register times accurately salesperson salesperson careful press correct keys parts cash register won able job intended cash register produces financial information retailer successful business tells cash business breakdown taxes amounts paid account types merchandise sold productive salesperson cash register enables retailer inventory store merchandise
physical inventory organized locate merchandise matter store makes actual blueprint floor space marks area checked area goes unchecked corridor office department physical inventory complete entire physical plant received going merchandise located matter odd corner hiding carton lamps sold corner advertising department put artist finished sketches lamps line jeans interest customers room shelf physical inventory depends kind product retailer selling businesses physical inventory yearly event businesses kind physical inventory daily physical inventory depends typical pattern sales kind product involved retailers physical inventory stocks lowest special means encourage low stock level inventory highly perishable goods meats supermarket checked continually informal kind inventory figures copied clerk keeps eye counter watching supply condition meats replaces items needed
imagine young children looking items toy department department store trying decide toys ask santa deliver christmas television newspaper youth magazine advertising learned deal toys market trucks games racing car sets simply decide want need assistance making decision customers retail stores need assistance order buying decisions products materials products carry high price tags rarely sell customers reach buying decisions salespeople assist presenting product information product knowledge helps customer decide buy confidence salespeople merchandise confident answer customers questions customers expect point advantages highlights product compares customers knew product need services salespeople salespeople product knowledge sale gain appreciation customers information merchandise sell major sources tags labels merchandise customers product salespeople sold product variety product literature broadcast advertising opportunity study merchandise slow periods unpacking putting stock counters racks making sales
needs customer determined step present merchandise handle key part sale deciding factor customer decision buy presentation convincing successful presentation includes elements handling merchandise properly demonstrating merchandise lively manner giving product information customer discussion chapter highlight reasons elements important suggest ways follow accomplish goal making sale merchandise shown determine customer wants needs merchandise presented immediately merchandise show customer question asked salespeople points experienced salespeople deciding show customer stated style color size show merchandise requested style color size requested ask questions determine merchandise fit customer needs specific item mentioned customer show think fits customer needs item shown clothing customer specific item mentioned show item think suit customer based sizing customer specific item mentioned customer show items store advertised items special appeal
approaching customer determining customer needs wants presenting merchandise handling sales resistance preliminary steps big moment final step makes secondary closing sale salesperson earlier stages selling process perfectly making sale counts service store customer volunteer buy merchandise salesperson help customer decide buy asking sale experienced salesperson keeps asking sale entire sales presentation highlights product covered salesperson asks sale salesperson trades product asks sale suggestions related unrelated items salesperson asks sale words salesperson closing thrust effort salesperson customer final decision item merchandise close sale decisive point alert indicators features article presented terms customer needs close sale customer reacting favorably product close sale customer reaction longer reason buy close sale contact customer put action specific procedures help goal closing sale
effective ways increasing sales trading suggestion selling trading salesperson shows customer item requested follows quality higher priced item customer interested sleeping bag salesperson show model standard features point advantages quality brand justify additional cost suggestion selling salesperson takes opportunity suggest item accompany merchandise wanted customer customer selected pair shoes salesperson suggest handbag pair buckles addition related items salesperson suggest recently arrived merchandise product sale special purchase customers welcome suggestions saves effort part makes shopping pleasant store image enhanced customers feel store interested serving trading suggestion selling customers increase store profits salesperson earnings salesperson store trades suggestion selling result sales store increased sales volume salesperson paul acosta trades suggests items sells exactly customer asks sales volume week commission basis earns basis sells commission percent salary week
fear discovery means stop employees stealing stores definite publicized policy consequences employee theft employees yield temptation lose job risk damaging reputation happens employee caught stealing happen dismissal loss reputation store cases store report person circumstances stores belonging retail trade organization difficult dismissed employee find entire area worse theft reported police arrested employee loses job pay stolen merchandise pay fine jail risk publicity police record prevention controls fail employees stealing retailers try detection methods uncover dishonest employees extent dishonesty detection techniques vary individual stores common methods general observation special observation security shoppers devices control customer shoplifting mirrors television cameras peepholes stop action movie cameras observe salespeople devices likely unusual amount cash merchandise disappeared department
staple items merchandise customers traditionally expect store carry known basic stock variety store basic stock items include needles thread pots pans housewares fashion effect basic stock needed buyer afford basic stock customers lost store merchandise customer demand determined called speculative stock type stock carried store speculative stock consist style completely line merchandise price line merchandise special appeal speculative stock sells eventually basic stock primary goal buyer provide store balanced assortment merchandise attract sales inventory basic stock selected list speculative stock result assortment attracts customers buyer purchased merchandise sold store price items determined united states price policy favored retailers price policy retailer sets fixed price item customers bargaining customer retailer common practice countries exists mainly united states form trade allowances trade allowances common selling automobiles appliances typewriters mention items
ahead exciting action oriented retailing student retail selling aware economic social political technological affect career retailing chapter crystal ball step science fiction attempts bring closer forces affect career taking place rapidly modern difficult perspective predict kind evolving rate change fast slow worse doubt parents grew children grow predictions economy going periods nearly full employment high wages consumer market strong jobs scarce prices high sales slower future economy forecast number factors interact influence economy population discretionary income credit mobility leisure united states population growing rate gratifying alarming late united states population close million mark
definite resemblance germs affected temperatures heat kill members groups provided temperature sufficiently high germs exist comfortably warm surroundings heat resistant germs heat resistant cold retard multiplication bacteria lies refrigeration cold refrigeration prevent growth bacteria sure temperature cold accomplish purpose halfway measures defeat purpose types germs able withstand lower temperatures knows chemicals cyanide arsenic destroy human chemicals destroy germs food industry definite limitations choice chemicals purpose consider toxicity poisoning flavors odors chemicals destroy bacteria dilution strong insure effectiveness americans families citizens america originally countries today unusual national cultural backgrounds living neighborhoods bacteria tend live groups say colonize group move colony persons group trouble violence occur situations arise colonies bacteria
harmful bacteria chapter bacteriology responsible group illnesses classed communicable diseases commonly known diseases fall category diseases called communicable establishing communication nations popular topics discussion idea conveyed carried person policy method government passed shared groups nations case diseases bacteria specific illness transferred passed person person communication diseases included group called communicable unfortunately case harmful disease causing bacteria passed person disease germs travel person person direct indirect ways learn prevent germ transference direct indirect method protect health rules designed prevent germs communicable disease passed sick individual person words practice sanitation saying states existence harmful bacteria need practice sanitation worth remembering
public health service food service sanitation manual safe temperature holding hot foods short periods holding temperature prevents growth staphylococci bacteria formation toxin problem staphylococci bacteria sure temperature cooked food fall length serving periods cafeteria line steam tables water bath bain marie kitchen temperature center food mass tested accuracy holding temperature outer surface frequent stirring food cooked held expose food surfaces required heat help ensure cooking safe holding temperatures referring list potentially hazardous foods research proper cooking stuffed turkeys oven baking temperature investigators proved food poisoning organisms grow multiply stages roasting internal temperature rids stuffing living organisms cooked bird stands room temperature minutes baking temperature center stuffing continues rise period frozen stuffed birds roasted takes internal temperature stuffing reach
discussion involved technicalities customary instructor chemical terms part dishwashing session devoted detergents synthetics suspension dispersion deflocculation saponification terms referred management salesmen health agency talks matter presented words class attended employees lead confusion boredom resultant inattention failure remember clearly basic facts discussion hand employees learn detergents develop healthy respect important tools trade detergents simple statement detergent instructed effect case lasting impression significant reason avoiding careless usage information presented primer form simplest chemical phrases past experience working foodservice personnel demonstrated employees understand fundamentals detergency instructor realize amount simplification scarcely avoided type presentation unfamiliar terms explained dishwashing employees understanding terms lead grasp subject believe formula term explained foodservice personnel help understand detergents instructor failed point class member
term hydraulic means water motion type dispenser permits additional amounts dishwashing compound fed wash tank machine hot water rinse system operated open stainless steel container termed hopper reservoir mounted machine responsibility dishwashing personnel reservoir supplied sufficient amount dishwashing compound clean proper operating condition tubing connected pressure side final rinse line leads detergent reservoir rinse valve opened hot water flows tube dispenser reservoir dissolves amount detergent additional amount fresh detergent solution fed tube directly wash tank dishwashing compound added regular intervals wash solution dependence hit miss methods busy forgetful personnel hydraulic devices represented advance detergent dispensing development based reasoning wash solution diluted release hot rinse water rinse meant load dishes washed wash solution weakened contacting taking food soil present load dishes thought adding fresh charge dishwashing compound wash solution rinse conditions corrected
basic requirements wash rinse sanitize common hand machine dishwashing wide range dishmachine models meet needs types foodservice installations variations steps basic procedures accomplished widely types dishmachine commercial field spray type study health authorities dishmachine manufacturers working phase sanitation minimum standards developed published joint committee food equipment standards national sanitation foundation standards guidelines acceptable health agencies industry smallest commercial dishwashers nursing homes small lunch counters snack shops glasswashing beverage bars similar home type dishwashers door opens downward rack pulled open door loading unloading machine freestanding unit stainless steel top side panels panels built counter bar wash rinse waters pumped revolving wash arm tank automatically drained wash rinse cycle entire operation controlled automatic timer machine equipped chemical sanitizing dispenser door type chemical sanitizing machine smallest table spray type model
chapter presents detailed discussion personal habits foodservice worker including considered undesirable cultivated addition importance individual foodservice worker relation responsibility food sanitation program explored subtitle chapter person thing sanitation trained foodservice worker important knows bacteria live grow multiply learned types illnesses communicated disease causing bacteria transferred directly indirectly sick learned food protected order prevent food intoxications food infections knows importance proper cleaning methods necessity correct sanitizing procedures understands part played insects rodents disease transfer appreciates need pest elimination continuous control measures important realizes bacteria living organisms inescapably involved coping organisms job working hours adequate refrigeration proper cooking routines correct washing sanitizing tableware equipment control insects rodents things disease transference foodservice operations foodservice worker forget neglect follow simple common sense rules sanitation learned rules remembered acted
purpose follow sanitation meetings alive stimulate personnel interest sanitation program entails frequent review material covered introduction material enlarge scope personnel knowledge management supervisory staff meetings routine procedure establishments fact personnel learn series informal sessions operational methods realized learned depend content material method presentation maintain interest review material presented continually fresh viewpoints varied visual aids depth discussions subject material previously covered class sessions reference related topics increase personnel knowledge food sanitation create realization subject importance inspire personnel participate actively program correcting faulty habits substituting correct procedures soon conclusion initial training course management begin collect visual aids follow meetings include moving pictures film strips posters pamphlets charts booklets leaflets pass sheets materials purchase rental films cases free samples printed matter provided local health department cooperative suggestions loan films hand able help projector screen
employees naturally curious history growth establishment chain personnel furnished information give feeling importance integral part successful business enterprise knowing background establishment provide greater understanding operation stimulate contribute efforts success foodservice encouragement attitude foodservice employees regard job effective manager case chain operation visiting company official give talk employees outline beginnings business trace expansion present giving due credit personnel assisting development photographs news releases concerning opening later events greatly enjoyed meeting growth business description advancements sanitation founding business occurred ago extremely interesting personnel speaker frank discussing methods problems sanitation methods rudimentary practiced beginning regarded deficiencies part management case official agency knowledge sanitation requirements safe preparation food drink necessity today dishwashing sanitizing methods temperatures construction utensils equipment pace modern sanitation requirements developments techniques equipment products
secretaries instances closely executive instances executives number office workers effective workers secretaries aware needs willing provide information assistance needed secretaries enjoy helping maintaining awareness help needed heard comment couldn job heart wasn statement means secretaries means success depends fully involved company interest going genuine lasts easy days demanding days secretary dedicated executive commented involved job hate clock watcher mcmann creative director public agency project tried previously convince women meetings meetings frequently regular hours refreshments lovely convenient facilities meetings assistance local caterer able organize easily
companies reinforce written information beginning employees scheduling meetings information explained discussed meetings give employees information going company working conditions procedures employee benefits employees move responsible jobs company assumes employees able informed reading bulletins reports announcements secretaries expected read material forwarded offices note implications secretary want read carefully material want informed developments understand tasks rights privileges tasks handle employer gain comprehensive understanding goals organization able establish goals realistically aware happening company participate intelligently organization companies encourage appreciate participation frequently suggestion systems seek ideas employees improving procedures organization organizations strive minimize costs organizations business profit means strive provide goods services efficiently costs care money distributed owners business return investment
soon return desk dictation need transcribe rush items dictated marked items easy locate taking care rush jobs items generally completed want notes begin transcribing involves looking words checked dictionary proper names need checked files points grammar checked reference book facts missing handling details transcribing permit give full attention typewriting interruptions want typewriter condition transcription attractive easy read report needed repairs person responsible maintenance equipment typewriter poor condition lower efficiency typewriter clean clean machine type face regular basis typewriter operating properly able speed want sure set margin stops tabulator stops material type attractively centered page seldom original material transcribing copies commonly required skill handling multiple copies quickly
alvin ross research director bentley manufacturing company ross spends analyzing data preparing business reports reports department branch offices nation busy afternoon ross called secretary terry singleton office singleton bimonthly products report ready friday tuesday plan town week managers meeting think singleton responded data compiled ask sandra pam help typing fine ross replied type report maybe information need special report preparing san francisco trip singleton knows planning ahead reports due periodically easily arrange schedule help employer important matters realizes valuable ross knows sources types information needed reports business larger employees working difficult communicate employees person face face discussions business reports present information company
miss joyce nickels enjoyed accounting services department cto products supervisor mrs clara weavers noticed miss nickels excellent job statistical material decided give challenging task morning mrs weaver miss nickels fine begin preparing financial statements reports sure miss nickels understood importance responsibility mrs weaver added financial reports prepare essential give company officers employees information need operate company efficiently managerial decisions based information contained financial statements reports important report completely accurate study statements reports file think able job miss nickels returned area knowing responsibility require deal concentration glad opportunity grow job business person times needs checkup family doctor check physical condition person doctor analyzes findings locates physical problem patient doctor able prescribe medication problem manage business discover financial health business studying reports called financial statements
kinds legal papers documents contracts wills deeds leases affidavits powers attorney typewritten secretary printed merely require filling blanks complete require services notary public require witnesses called type complete legal document legal documents typed standard paper typed legal size paper inches wide vary inches length paper printed left margin lines left margin rule double line margin single line typing material legal paper printed margin rules set margin stops typewriter margins typewritten material spaces printed margin lines paper printed margin rules typing legal paper allow inch left margin inch margin minimum margins inches top inch bottom allowed prepare carbon copies legal papers person interested paper copy including copy lawyer court record typewritten legal document shown page
chun packages need wrapped mailed soon care properly mrs crim knows chun informed postal requirements rates services knows wrap package according contents decide package outgoing mail mean letter thousands persons mean fourth class mixed mail mean domestic foreign special service mail knowledge understanding postal services effective mail handling save employer money increase efficiency business able select proper mailing service types outgoing mail complete listing postal services details found postal service manual united states postal services rates changed important date copy postal service manual office purchased superintendent documents united states government printing office washington speed mail delivery reduce cost mailing mailing service united states postal service official states millions dollars wasted general lack knowledge postal services
common practice secretary place copy record appointments employer desk early morning record related business papers materials meetings addition record includes reminders appointments conferences days require preliminary executive appointments canceled scheduled appointment caller telephone request change handle request courteously handled original request times executive cancel appointment soon appointment notify person minimum inconvenience result executive future schedule firm able suggest future dates times appointment convenient employer individual requesting appointment appointment canceled scheduled means caller arrive executive office learn appointment canceled postponed circumstances tactful considerate caller assume absent executive role efforts arrange person talk caller
voice pleasant asset business office pleasant voice distract message spoken listener concentrates voice separate rest body reflect quality physical mental health feeling generally convey feeling discomfort voice hand excellent health sense reflected voice able determine happy friends tone voices happens voice fatigued aware voice speak need improvement talk rapidly slowly softly loudly happy pitch voice speak easily straining voice questions want think aware voice tense voice tends higher pitched normal strained words produced heightened effort final effect attractive listener amount speaking secretary working extremely important learn voice effectively
ellis spray lunch spray told embarrassing incident morning client called loan asking secretary locate client file spray resumed telephone conversation secretary return file asked wrong file found spray apologetically explained situation asked return client call thirty minutes later file found ellis understood spray problem thinks filing important find late filing error executive secretary suffered embarrassment loss client secretaries maintain efficient orderly filing systems filing rules locate information quickly high speed computer age paper accompany business action telephone call require papers place order report shipment payment information contained papers forms basis variety decisions moves business forward records file important continued successful operation firm records part memory organization records provide history business provide basis future decisions today business offices important decisions based date information
unit filing mrs sands vocational office education teacher told students average company documents misfiled misfile costs cents explained factors considered figuring cost secretary locate missing file inconvenience students surprised information realized importance knowing applying filing rules properly students filing afternoon jobs student suggested compile notebook rules filing learned class notebook reference job class decided helpful worthwhile assignment filing system costly set maintain system worth high cost information needed means business correspondence filed materials arranged exact established order filing method makes filing rules standard rules filing apply find filed materials quickly needed widely method filing based alphabet difficulties involved deciding materials filed volume materials filed filing methods developed
typical pull drawer file cabinet vertical file business offices vertical file cabinets manufactured drawer units drawer vertical file cabinets desk active records drawer vertical file cabinets referred counter height cabinets drawer vertical file cabinets replacing drawer units occupy amount floor space additional drawer office space business districts large cities expensive saving floor space filing cabinets greatly reduce cost housing records business office correspondence files typical contents correspondence files include letters telegrams teletype messages purchase orders invoices memorandums reports interoffice messages reading correspondence files company easiest learn nature business history transactions active correspondence files desk side drawer files files completed transactions drawer files areas office increasing number records expensive office space organizations lateral shelf files lateral cabinets look chest drawers frequently area dividers low partitions secretary executive lateral cabinets desks house records refer constantly current correspondence sales reports price lists production reports trade handbooks periodicals industry
ways acquainted job opportunities community seek employment aid securing position secondary schools placement offices part counseling services provided students possibly service securing part position summer position plan talk placement counselor job opportunities match interests skills placement counselor knows interests undoubtedly receive notices positions follow immediately job lead report requested placement office companies seek employees school placement offices find source sufficient secure position communities private public employment agencies provide aid efforts find position private employment agencies specialized want sure inquiring place office personnel private employment agencies earn income fees paid individual secures position services provided agency company hires employee fee percentage salary generally based salary public employment agencies provide service fee agencies supported public funds register public employment agency aid seeking position
francine realized job opportunities secretaries included working specialized areas heard legal secretaries medical secretaries school secretaries wondered investigate types jobs educational background specialists employed modern business assist specialists require understanding office generally trained staff secretarial workers continue master technical vocabulary job learn technical duties required training provided workers technical institutes community colleges business schools offer specialized education addition companies provide training employees interested preparing specialized jobs think ahead want consider additional education part full basis enter specialized field pages specialized positions discussed preparation organized design program studies wanted secretary hotel headquarters offices large hotel motel chain enroll courses offered hotel management local community college qualify legal secretary high degree skill shorthand transcription knowledge understanding legal procedures legal instruments court functions litigation procedures
job experience key ways learning company tasks handled company secretaries move ahead companies combine job experience educational studies professional activities personnel officers favorably impressed efforts staff increase knowledge improve skills secretaries wish move ahead attend local community colleges evening hours courses business administration secretarial studies secretaries college degrees increase general educational background professional knowledge general education courses provide broad understanding society companies encourage education providing tuition payment plan employee attends evening classes beginning worker want inquire educational benefits provided company accept position secretaries organized variety associations united states largest organization secretaries national secretaries association international organization invites secretaries specific amount experience join local chapters participate wide range professional activities organization institute certifying secretaries sponsors professional examination secretaries meet experience educational requirements examination leads title certified professional secretary examination hour examination spring centers united states canada
improve health beauty follow hygienic rules living eating balanced meals regular intervals drinking sufficient amount water digestive system functioning properly produce elimination basic poor health faulty diet avoid poor eating habits eating kinds food lead loss weight lower resistance nutritional diseases eating taxes digestive system organs elimination exercise recreation form walking dancing sports gym activities develop muscles keeping body fit benefits resulting regular non strenuous exercises improvement nutrition improvement blood circulation larger supply giving oxygen body due increased action lungs form recreation sunshine adds vigor helping supply body essential vitamin fatigue tiredness resulting exercise mental effort strain caused hurry worry period rest relaxation exertion lack rest tend drain body vitality adequate amount sleep hours body recover fatigue activities replenish renewed energy mind body operate unit
personality key success rest build personality opens door easy pleasant enter draft pattern ideal door pleasing personality student fine workmanship attractive appearance passed born personalities acquired according individuals meet everyday problems adverse conditions affecting lives develop personalities attitude deal personality governs likes dislikes responsiveness occasions things meet difficult situations calmness cheerful pleasant easy healthy attitude control temper spoken recall single word person controls balance throw confusion say starts chain reactions bad continuing lasting effect begun master behavior free choose course behavior cultivate characteristics desirable discard unwanted
sanitation application measures promote public health prevent spread infectious diseases importance sanitation overemphasized cosmetic services bring cosmetologist direct contact patron skin scalp hair nails understanding sanitary measures insures protection patron health governmental agencies protect community health providing wholesome food water supply quick disposal refuse steps ways public health safeguarded water drinking purposes odorless colorless free foreign matter crystal clear water unsanitary presence pathogenic bacteria seen naked eye air beauty salon dry stagnant stale musty odor room temperature degrees fahrenheit beauty salon ventilated aid exhaust fan air conditioning unit air conditioning advantage permits quality quantity air brought beauty salon temperature moisture content air regulated means air conditioning person infectious disease source contagion cosmetologists colds communicable disease permitted serve patrons likewise patrons obviously suffering infectious disease accommodated beauty salon
finger waving art shaping hair waves aid fingers comb waving lotion hairpins clippies hair net proficiency finger waving important cosmetologist foundation modern hairstyles styling techniques emanate basic finger waving patterns results producing soft natural waves obtained hair natural wave permanently waved straight hair pleasing finger wave harmonize shape patron head features skillful finger waving cosmetologist rely ability manipulate hair waves fingers comb depend mechanical aids purpose suitable waving lotion aid finger waving makes hair pliable keeps place proper choice waving lotion governed texture condition patron hair waving lotion harmless hair flake drying cosmetologist washes hands sanitized implements clean supplies patron prepared manner shampoo patron hair shampooed saturated water shampoo bowl towel blot hair seat patron comfortably dresserette hair parted combed smooth arranged conform planned hairstyle
natural hair part desired hairstyle manner shampooing towel drying hair comb straight place palm left hand head push hair forward hair separate natural part separate comb hair comb hair part fig illustrates clean straight part pin curls called sculpture curls carefully planned exact patterns result lines waves ringlets curls rolls pin curls suitable naturally permanently waved hair hair properly tapered pin curls wound smoothly order springy longer lasting pin curls constructed principal parts base stem circle base stationary immovable foundation curl attached scalp stem part pin curl base arc turn circle circle direction action mobility circle part pin curl forming complete circle size curl governs width wave strength mobility curl determined stem depending amount movement takes place stem circle curl mobility classified stem full stem stem curl base curl firm immovable position permitting curl move
roller curls designed create effects stand curls formed special rollers sizes fulfill special needs hair design rollers effect molds curls formed create added lift volume especially effective creating straight line design height stability achieved stand curls important difference roller stand curls stand curls formed rollers accommodate equivalent stand curls addition rollers give security rolled hair wet hair sectioned panels subdivided roller bases size bases length diameter roller follow roller wide diameter base wide quarter inch shorter proportion sizes rollers hair crowded hair sides roller slip rollers hair moistened water setting lotion manner conventional curls hair sectioned according number rollers achieve hairstyle desired
part hair sections left nape nape temple front crown top left temple front moisture perspiration present scalp place patron cool dryer minutes relaxers require petroleum base protect scalp active agents relaxer apply properly hair parted distinct sections section subdivided half inch partings permit scalp coverage base applied freely entire scalp fingers hairline forehead nape neck ears completely covered base actually laid scalp spread rubbed coverage important protect scalp hairline irritation application conditioner hair applying relaxer cases curly hair hot comb pressed lightened tinted damaged weakened break ends conditioner strengthen damaged weakened hair give protection breakage divide hair sections conditioner applied fingers inch scalp hair ends half inch partings completed recheck entire head sure hair completely covered
spreading relaxer cosmetologist inspects action stretching strands fast natural curls removed action fast area patron immediately shampoo bowl relaxer washed section spreading process continued rest head finally hair ends relaxer reached maximum action rinsed rapidly water warm hot water hot burn patron relaxed hair revert water cold stop action properly relaxer completely removed chemical process continues hair relaxer rinse water eyes unprotected skin shampoo cream shampoo recommended gently worked hair hair fragile point tangled ends broken easily tepid water avoid firm manipulations rubbing tangling hair relaxed hair requires shampooings hair shampooed stabilizer recommended helps hair relaxed hair completely saturated stabilizer combed large toothed comb beginning nape working upward forehead comb hair straight completely saturate hair stabilizer
movement requires pressure skin moved underlying structures fingers palm employed movement friction marked influence circulation glandular activity skin circular friction movements employed scalp arms hands light circular friction movements face neck chucking rolling wringing variations friction employed principally massage arms legs chucking movement accomplished grasping flesh firmly hand moving hand bone hand keeps arm leg steady position rolling movement requires tissues compressed firmly bone twisted arm leg hands cosmetologist active flesh twisted arm direction wringing vigorous movement cosmetologist hands distance sides arm leg hands worked downward flesh twisted bones opposite directions form massage stimulating applied care discretion facial massage light digital tapping tapping fingertips brought skin rapid succession fingers flexible create force area treated
superfluous hair problem plagued women immemorial ages sought ways means disguise rid unwanted hair face problem vitally concerns women intelligent cosmetologist recognizes prepares solve problem unwanted hair today types hair removal temporary measures permanent removal means temporary hair removal discussed section chapter section concerned permanent hair removal accomplished electrolysis dreamed unwanted hair removed permanently dr charles michel ophthalmologist electric current directed thin wire remove ingrowing eyelashes found lashes grow suggested method valuable removing unwanted hair face dermatologists took advantage process slow tedious extent manufacturer developed multiple needle machine electrolysis practical aid beauty demand treatments grew slowly rapidly shortwave method introduced newer method faster requiring clear area permanent removal heavy growths large areas arms legs practical
sensitivity patron area treated type hair determine amount current milliampere needle adequate vary individual patrons stand milliampere comfortable milliampere hydrogen gas bubbles tiny globules alkali noted needle awhile seconds hair ready removal vary longer required coarse hair fine hair hair lips hair cheeks requires chin neck electrologist watch needle carefully experience judgment needle ready removal instances hair lift easily insertion assure permanent removal needle carry excessive current remain follicle period damage skin result remove hair forcibly patron return treatment reinsert needle complete treatment reduce current needle removed needles removed turn machine saturate pad cotton special treatment lotion press gently area worked
monsieur marcel full marcel grateau credited origin marcel thermal waving born chauvigny france ambition develop method waving resemble natural wave hair considerable experimentation perfected implement technique waving hair heated irons recognition outstanding contribution hairdressing method hair waving called marcel waving spent normandy died today monsieur marcel honored remembered practice marcel thermal waving beauty salons thermal waving called marcel waving art imparting waves straight pressed hair means heated irons special manipulative technique modern date tools marcel irons combs contribute successful waving hair correct habits skills holding implements acquired patient practice wefts mannequins living models marcel comb inches hard rubber non inflammable substance fine teeth preferably fine teeth hold hair firmly coarse teeth marcel irons quality steel order hold heat portion irons produce wave constructed sections section known prong solid perfectly round tapered point section known bowl groove perfectly round inside grooved prong rests irons closed
light therapy refers treatment means light rays light electrical waves travel tremendous speed miles kinds light rays salon concerned producing heat known infra red rays producing chemical germicidal reaction known ultra violet rays visible lights contained spectrum sun ray sunshine passed glass prism colors known rainbow arrayed manner red orange yellow green blue indigo violet colors visible eye constitute visible rays comprising sunshine scientists discovered end visible spectrum rays sun invisible rays violet ultra violet rays known actinic rays rays shortest penetrating rays spectrum comprising sunshine action rays chemical germicidal red rays spectrum infra red rays pure heat rays comprising sunshine therapeutic lamp electrical apparatus capable producing light rays separate lamps infra red ultra violet rays general types glass bulb hot quartz cold quartz glass bulb lamp mainly cosmetic tanning purposes
chemical compounds known symbols elements composing atom sodium na combined atom chlorine cl makes molecule smallest particle compound resulting product sodium choride nacl common salt atoms hydrogen combined atom oxygen form molecule water formula analysis chemical reaction substance compound separated component parts elements synthesis chemical reaction substances compounds combine form entirely product mixture combination substances retain individual identities separate substances mingled air salt water compound resulting properties chemical union density color solubility generally completely substances combined particle looks acts particle compound compound separated purely mechanical means making compound energy matter mixture resulting properties originally particles substance differ mixtures separated mechanical means making mixture energy properties common elements compounds mixtures advantageously studied cosmetologist oxygen abundant element found free compounds composes half earth crust half rock air water
emergencies arise line business knowledge aid measures invaluable salon staff accidents arising beauty salon mainly skin abrasions burns physician called soon accident occurred courtesy patient protection beauty salon aid treatments layman give awaiting medical assistance standard aid kit cuticle cut nippers broken carelessness pushing antiseptic tincture iodine hydrogen peroxide mercurochome applied burns caused electricity hot irons flames scalds due exposure hot liquids live steam burns classified degree characterized redness degree watery blisters degree involving deeper structures flesh charring tissues degree burns treated application cloths saturated solution salt baking soda apply dry sterile dressing clothing loosened patient removed cool place head raised tongue drawn forward prevent strangulation apply artificial respiration alcoholic stimulants pressure arm lift method artificial respiration employed severe electric shock protracted fainting drowning poisoning gas suffocation outlined follows place patient face prone position bend elbows place hands turn face slightly side resting cheek hands allowing free passage air
social emotional development including language essential child learn live successfully process socialization begins birth lasts death young baby totally dependent adults hunger thirst satisfied matures physically gains power hungry sees food reach pick eat degree physical development leads kinds social behavior child begin influence completely control experiences longer totally dependent living amid social interaction human beings child hears voice sounds infant babbling cooing crying forms vocal exercise help prepare sound making parts body meaningful speech child imitates words hears soon attaches meanings words able tell mother needs says wa wa thirsty mother drink part social interaction infant develops sense trust human beings trust depends needs met failure receive tender loving care tlc create distrust critical personality
natural curiosity desire thing considered intrinsic inside motivation found amounts individuals person stimulated extrinsic things motivation hard change inside person environment easily changed vital factor motivating child learn learning theorists agree child learns variety experiences interactions things identified experiences provide learning young child exploring place learning experience place supermarket friend backyard park exploring means seeing touching hearing smelling tasting sure stimulate curiosity develop language promote cognitive growth imitating actions helps child learn behavior patterns bad according models teacher puts materials helping child learn neat teacher shows respect child listening attentively responding teaching child listener children learn imitating vital learning environment include interesting worthy actions children imitate making mistakes valuable child learn materials child safely mistakes
child learns naturally interested topic material appeals motivated learn children happiest familiar ideas familiar subjects expanded family home pets clothing foods toys tremendous curiosity young child makes naturally scientist explores observes concludes reexplores environment finds children need lot room large muscle activities outdoors place learning animals plants soil sand water provide concepts fun weather seasons popular subjects topic natural environment inexhaustible machines important part everyday living familiar telephone family car lead interesting studies communication transportation child level understanding machines includes variety vacuum cleaners floor polishers school heavy duty building construction cranes carpenter power tools school dishwasher equally fascinating young child student ready enlarge surrounding community filled exciting indirectly part child community helpers police officer firefighter doctor plumber librarian nurse teacher visiting visited creates lasting impressions community child
behavior staff members says ok re ok children includes listening daily child responding individual means making allowances child special needs feeling returned absence baby home handicapped teacher realistic expectations child shows understanding child growth development uniqueness child hard adult show favoritism absolutely helping child think requires child believes rates highly child teacher easy overlook quiet child trouble personal attention require getting child level speaking action makes feel important dwarfed teacher height authority placing children artwork eye level shows respect limitations height attractive orderly room tells child teacher cares attractive equipped place child notices teacher attitude parents school aware welcome showing interest members child family communicates important person
home school cooperation develop partnership guidance development child teacher establishes bond manner communicates parents interaction parents friendly authoritarian coldly businesslike effective securing cooperation involvement school suggested earlier parents welcomed classroom getting parent personally school pleasure meeting beneficial teacher finds ways involve parent school activities effective parents communicates shows understands members school staff team successful program parents information need understand teacher goals child informed progress help asked needed teacher employed social worker knows resource solution problems parents helpful wants help understand child willing teach help child learn home visiting child home making appointment teacher insights child behavior parents honored teacher visits
school specific goals mind children justified testing beginning end school test tests times comparing child scores test progress determined area tested iq language conceptual motor development comparing pretest posttest scores battery tests school personnel likely form clearer picture child development variables affect test scores conditions testing takes place condition person testing child appropriateness test deemed test effectiveness curriculum random sampling means children selected random tenth list chosen teachers privilege selecting students tested purpose tempting teacher select students suit purpose testing ten percent group tested results meaningful children pretested posttested children class pretested special treatment teacher give attention received children nullify validity gains shown
possibly town junior college college college maintains employment service students placement office lists job openings posts view public frequently openings towns small city employment offices listed telephone directory private employment agency offices openings early childhood schools city office similar positions parts small cities professional organizations local chapter association childhood education public school kindergarten class information professional groups groups employment service exchange information help needed attending meeting organization produce answers positions frequently child care associations organization tend feel problems unique care separate group meet special needs attending group meetings provide knowledge openings care staffs head start child development care centers visit phone call reveal seek employment local head start newspaper want ads competition radio television programs today
person learns realizes knows educators agree embarked teaching career teacher begins ending search takes prepare students live tomorrow wonder early childhood education affected limits preschooler learn educators argue limits known scientists finding children learn effects environment learning changing school settings teachers facilitate learning colleges increasing number kinds course early childhood education experienced teachers returning study research teacher effectiveness bilingualism early childhood education growing rapidly united states areas teachers prepared compensatory education economically disadvantaged children requires studies programs culturally children ethnic minority groups send teachers classroom learn cope governments hearing pleas public school programs children teachers olds sit primary desks rows prepared alternatives special education trends today integration children learning disabilities regular classroom part basis
large cities trained assistant teachers fill staffs preschool staff requirements public schools high sake boys girls public schools answer taxpayers numbers qualified persons found staff positions filled noncollege trained experienced help care schools inequities school financing states give school districts advantage poorer natural person money poorer districts forced hire staff lack training experience districts count systematic inservice training week improve schools poorer district offers rewarding challenge beginner trained untrained early childhood education care centers federally financed salaries centers comparable public schools inexperienced help drained small private care centers experienced staff compete public schools government funding salaries expanding making effort compete san antonio texas unusual teacher aide receive month half kindergarten small private school today position pays month
architects scale intended primarily drawings buildings piping systems large structures drawn reduced scale fit sheet paper full size scale drawing small objects reason architects scale general usage architects scale full size scale ten overlapping reduced size scales means scales drawing sizes full size size note reduced scales major divisions represent feet subdivisions represent inches fractions thereof scale marked means inch foot inch inch sixteenth size fourths size similarly scale marked means inch foot inch inch twenty fourth size half size scales full size size shown fig upside occur scales follows division full size scale inch divided halves quarters eighths finally sixteenths division lines diminishing length division set estimate visually half set estimate fourth full size scale divide dimension mentally scale intended drawing scale twenty fourth size
variety templates specialized needs template found drawing ordinary drafting symbols repetitive features engineers triangle drawing hexagons bolt heads nuts draftsquare convenient drawing curves bolt heads nuts drawing circles thread forms chemistry stencil drawing chemical apparatus schematic form ellipse templates widely type circle templates drawing small circles quickly drawing fillets rounds extensively tool die drawings drafting machine ingenious device replaces square triangles scales protractor links bands arranged controlling head desired fixed position regardless board horizontal straightedge remain horizontal set controlling head graduated degrees including vernier machines straightedges scales set locked angle automatic stops frequently angles drafting machines greatly improved recent chief advantage drafting machine speeds drafting parts metal accurate relationships subject change squares triangles working edges drawing boards checked corrected frequently
ames lettering guide ingenious transparent plastic device composed frame holding disc columns holes vertical distances holes adjusted quickly desired spacing guide lines section lines simply turning disc settings bottom disc numbers heights letters thirty seconds inch high letters setting center column holes primarily draw guide lines numerals fractions height number units height fraction units setting disc provide guide lines numbers fractions high spaces equal holes draw equally spaced guide lines lettering draw section lines outer columns holes draw guide lines capitals lower case letters column marked fifths desired lower portions lower case letters fifths total height letters column marked thirds lower portion thirds total height letters case capitals middle hole set
normal surface plane surface parallel plane projection appears true size shape plane parallel vertical horizontal line adjacent planes projection fig stages machining block cold rolled steel produce final tool block space iv shown surfaces normal surfaces space normal surface parallel horizontal plane appears true size top view line front view line side view normal surface parallel profile plane appears true side view line top view line front view normal surface inverted shaped surface parallel frontal plane appears true size front view line top view line side view surfaces object visualized similar manner stages fig observe carefully views produced machining operations including introduction surfaces visible edges hidden edges dropping lines result cut
basic method representing parts designs views projections explained previous chapters means limited number carefully selected views external features complicated designs fully frequently confronted necessity showing complicated interiors parts shown clearly means hidden lines accomplish slicing part cut apple melon cutaway view part drawn called sectional view cross section simply section exactly cutting plane assumed passed part design cutting plane removed halves drawn exposing interior construction case direction sight left half shown purposes section half mentally discarded sectional view position side view sectional view obtained passing cutting plane fully object called full section comparison sectional view left side view emphasizes advantage clearness left side view naturally omitted front view cutting plane appears line called cutting plane line
objects shape principal faces assumed parallel regular planes projection base design bearing shown true size shape rounded upper portion situated angle planes projection true size shape regular views order show true circular shapes assume direction sight perpendicular planes curves resulting view called auxiliary view view top view completely describes object front side views view obtained projection plane horizontal frontal profile projection planes known auxiliary view primary auxiliary view projected plane perpendicular principal planes projection inclined secondary auxiliary view projected primary view plane inclined principal projection planes object inclined surface true size shape regular view auxiliary plane assumed parallel inclined surface perpendicular line sight angles surface
geometric tolerance tolerance form specifies actual surfaces permitted vary perfect geometry implied drawings term geometric refers geometric forms plane cylinder cone square hexagon theoretically perfect forms impossible produce perfect forms amount variation permitted geometric tolerances define conditions straightness flatness parallelism perpendicularity angularity symmetry concentricity roundness methods indicating geometric tolerances means notes recommended ansi shown figs meaning tolerance note dimension illustrated examples tolerances form considered individually taking account effects combinations tolerances position size form combined expressions shown fig hole held closely parallel flat surface positional tolerance shown requirement center line dia positional tolerance cylinder restricted specification center line lie planes parallel datum surface diagonal line planes position case tolerances size form specifications surface roughness overlap part variation form exceed size tolerance tolerance form need stated smaller size tolerance
practice standard bolts nuts shown detail drawings altered frequently assembly drawings suitable rapid method drawing drawn exact dimensions tables accuracy important figuring clearances majority cases conventional representation proportions based body diameter sufficient considerable amount saved typical bolts illustrating proportions regular bolts shown fig curves produced chamfer bolt heads nuts hyperbolas practice curves represented approximately means circular arcs generally bolt heads nuts drawn corners views regardless projection conventional violation projection prevent confusion square hexagon heads nuts show actual clearances special reason bolt heads nuts drawn flats cases conventional proportions shown fig steps drawing hexagon bolts cap screws nuts illustrated fig square bolts nuts fig start drawing diameter bolt length side bearing surface tip style head square hexagon type regular heavy finish known
design activity begins recognition determination need want product service system economic feasibility fulfilling need engineering design problems range need simple inexpensive container opener pull tab commonly beverage cans complex problems needs air ground travel space exploration environmental control product simple pull tab beverage production tools dies require considerable engineering design effort airport automated transit system design meets need moving efficiently terminal areas system capable moving ten minutes lunar roving vehicle solution need space program explore larger areas lunar surface vehicle end result deal design support system related hardware problem identification stage designer recognizes exist need requiring design solution receives directive effect management attempt set goals criteria solution information concerning identified problem basis problem proposal paragraph multipage report presented formal consideration
blueprint papers applying coating solution potassium ferricyanide ferric ammonium citrate chemical preparation sensitive light speeds rolls widths supplied sheets size coated side fresh paper light greenish yellow color gradually turn greyish blue color light eventually rendered useless paper exposed sufficient length subjected developing bath fixing bath fixing bath according method employed modern blueprint machines noncontinuous types cut sheets fed machine exposure washed separate washer continuous blueprint machine combines exposure washing drying continuous operation small number prints required facilities prints exposing tracing print paper sunlight held tightly window pane piece glass tracing glass face light sensitized surface print paper tracing sun frame purpose shown fig results obtained original tracing drawn ink cloth vellum excellent prints penciled drawings tracings tracing paper pencil tracing cloth quality draftsman required lines lettering jet black
circle lies plane parallel plane projection circle projected true ellipse ellipse constructed method offsets draw parallel lines spaced random circle transfer lines isometric shown aid dividers locate points lower ellipse transfer points upper ellipse distance equal height block draw ellipse part hidden points draw final ellipses aid irregular curve variation method offsets points ellipse illustrated points desired parallel lines added circumscribe square circle draw diagonals points intersection diagonals circle draw square draw construction isometric transferring distances dividers similar method twelve points ellipse shown circle divided twelve equal parts triangle lines parallel sides square drawn points entire construction drawn isometric ellipse drawn points intersection
objects defined principally edges straight lines drawing perspective resolves drawing perspective line draftsman draw perspective line draw perspective object matter complex draw perspective horizontal straight line parallel pp proceed follows find piercing point pp line top view extend line pierces pp project downward level line projected horizontally side view point piercing point line find vanishing point line vanishing point line piercing point pp line drawn sp parallel line vanishing point vpr line found drawing line sp parallel line finding top view piercing point projecting downward horizon line sp actually visual ray drawn infinitely distant point line object extended vanishing point intersection visual ray picture plane vanishing point perspective infinitely distant point line extended join piercing point vanishing point straight line
surface chart area chart line bar chart ordinate values accentuated shading entire area outlining curve abscissa axis surface area chart simple chart called staircase chart multiple surface strata chart surface layer top combined surface chart indicating distribution components relation total surface charts effectively accentuate emphasize data weak line chart emphasize amount ordinate values represent components total expressed percent total compared percent present general picture surface charts recommended emphasizing accurate reading values charts curve showing line curves intersect cross map terrestrial geographic features form area surface chart represents graphic picture areas surfaces relationship component parts total configuration surface charts general picture accurate reading values difficult major rulings need shown techniques grids composition line curves printed grids generally printed grid lines interfere shading areas similarly bar charts surface charts represent comparison values line base line ordinate scale broken base line omitted
construct chart parallel lines drawn spaced proportionate caution frequently mistakes erroneous placing scales interchanging proportionate distances terms equation positive scales increase direction upward shown order align scale origins draw base line scales base line drawn horizontal direction convenience engineers scale lay scale representing major values located multiplying values scale modulus measuring engineers scale eliminates need multiplying functional functional modulus scale laid similar manner scale constant coefficient accounted functional modulus multiply functional modulus scales laid entire range line joining top ends determines correct height middle scale calculated length check layout scales laid correctly major scale divisions middle scale located multiplying functional functional modulus measuring distance regular scale origin point
rectangular coordinate paper effectively visualize algebraic solutions common application solve simultaneous polynomial equations unknowns graph linear equations shown fig indicating solution intersection lines linear equations simple solve algebraically graphical approach advantageous solution quadratic equation parabola minus linear equation straight line equation equilateral hyperbola xy graphical plot analysis note linear equation equation equilateral hyperbola real simultaneous equation solution ease visualization solution evident equations complex figure graphical solution cubic equation equation hyperbola minus data empirical equation graphical solution graphic application algebraic problems determination roots equations roots equation determined intersection curve axis linear equation fig root variable denoted highest power quadratic equation term fig roots axis
knowing afford pleasure learn brought undertaking successful termination decided writing letter acquaint events occurred voyage discoveries resulted thirty days departure cadiz reached indian sea atlantic ocean discovered islands thickly peopled took possession resistance illustrious monarch public proclamation unfurled banners flags spain island juana cuba exceedingly fertile surrounded bays spacious secure surpassing seen numerous large healthful rivers intersect lofty mountains islands beautiful distinguished diversity variety scenery filled variety trees immense height believe retain foliage seasons saw verdant green luxuriant spain month blossoming bearing fruit flourishing greatest perfection nightingale birds singing countless numbers november island juana kinds palm trees trees herbs fruits considerably surpass height beauty
crusades inspired wave wave europeans journey middle east eleventh thirteenth centuries effect european returning crusaders set important motion economic silks linens perfumes spices sugar jewels crusaders brought created demand luxury goods crusades nobles lacked luxuries response growing demand luxury items trade middle east increased rapidly cost difficulty bringing goods europe middle east hindered trade journey overland overland transport slowest travel poor condition roads roads existed added caravans problems land travel dangerous caravans tempting prey thieves finally expensive outfit provision lengthy expedition inconvenience expense route aggravated transportation merchants switch cargo wagons ships camel caravans addition princes territories traders passed demanded tribute europeans wanted expand trade east began seek shorter easier cheaper going crusades stirred curiosity europeans crusaders brought tales wealth strange customs ways things
roger williams massachusetts bay call founding shortage ministers happy accept belonged puritan band persecuted archbishop laud anglican church arrived boston liberal views immediately accused boston church sufficiently separatist refused pastorship ground clung pretense purified part church england roger williams offense maintain civil government enforce commandments strictly religious injunctions wholly jurisdiction church words advocated separation church basis massachusetts bay colony identification church blasphemy treason power left magistrates longer punish heinous hateful sins sabbath breaking profanity worship false gods happen community criminal conduct punished excommunication pure holy commonwealth soon crawling papists roman catholics jews quakers heathen heels subversion undermining beliefs worst pronouncement dictum struck foundation american colonial settlement
soreness sides main point colonies gift mother country freest societies bound strive completion political liberties closely connected question question british parliament legislate tax colonies heads assemblies doubt existed exist common legislative authority empire essential remember british government parliament common authority thirteen colonies attached local independence refused scheme federation albany plan drawn representatives problem trade relationships difficult unity british empire mainly depended ties trade maintenance uniform system trading regulations main principles system known mercantilism trade carried british colonial ships important products colonies exported britain goods market rest goods countries imported colonies britain dues levied colonial produce monopoly strong preference british markets
deficiencies articles problems confronting united states britain france russia sweden spain denmark recognized american independence clear independence maintained problem inability government pay war debt war britain cost united states million america owed million foreign governments unpaid soldiers congress able pay interest debt states repeatedly refused pay share national debt decided send money national government government powerless act lack union home prevented united states respected abroad obvious power national government slight condition country distressing reasons united states hoped immigration europe proportionate increase american lands disappointed business depression businesses closed taxed heavily support governments places western massachusetts rebellion threatened january legislature virginia called convention delegates regulate commercial relations country september delegates states met annapolis maryland delegates decided general meeting states solve range problems confronting nation
attend trade present find miserable owing want power congress nations prohibit vessels entering ports lay heavy duties exports carried thither retaliating regulating power vessels exports prevent decrease commerce navigation duties revenue arising insufficient demand produce lands consequent discouragement agriculture inability pay debts taxes decrease enhanced increased result emigration inhabitants asked evils mentioned remedied answer short giving congress adequate proper power bowdoin referred facts singletary mentioned increase taxes massachusetts felt high taxes harmful singletary think constitution aggravate problem bowdoin thought constitution solve plain living plough speak public beg leave say words brother plough joggers house constitution allowed send ten members congress number fit
beginning settlement america frontier regions exercised steady influence democracy virginia traced early period bacon rebellion hundred declaration independence small landholders seeing powers steadily passing hands wealthy planters controlled church lands rose revolt generation later governorship alexander spotswood find contest frontier settlers property holding classes coast democracy spotswood struggle bitterly complained democracy small landholders newer immigrants indented servants expiration servitude passed interior lands engage pioneer farming colony region conflict dominant classes coast constituted revolutionary rebellious area days revolution formed basis democratic party established west period declaration independence struggle democratic development revealed area essential ideas american democracy appeared period revolution confederation similar contest noted frontier england western border pennsylvania virginia carolinas communities allegheny mountains arose demand frontier settlers independent statehood based democratic provisions
fortunately united states toussaint half million santo domingo negroes opposed french efforts destroy invading french army relentlessly seconded aided yellow fever ten months later september leclerc wrote brother law master santo domingo remained fit service order enable conquer island losing summer subduing santo re establishing slavery france colonial empire america general leclerc died month writing letter meantime affairs moving rapidly france napoleon irritated constant failure santo domingo suddenly turned anger loathing colonial enterprises abrupt face learned military school eager rid louisiana anxious months earlier secure louisiana santo domingo santo domingo conquered means command napoleon prestige injured disasters french arms santo domingo regained brilliant strokes home louisiana held moment case war united states undertake seizure
system atomic weights relative measure standard atomic weights carbon atom assigned atomic weight atom atomic weight exactly heavy atom carbon atoms element exhibit atomic weights difference number neutrons uncharged particles nuclei atoms atomic number number protons nuclei ordinary hydrogen atoms proton nuclei atoms form hydrogen deuterium proton neutron elements deuterium atomic weight parent element called isotopes scientists discovered protons neutrons join form atomic nuclei portion mass changed form energy holds called binding energy nature energy understood assume overcomes force electrostatic repulsion protons charges tend repel planetary electrons revolve nucleus atom possess energy amount energy possessed individual electron depends distance nucleus result collisions atomic particles material electrons acquire energy change orbits move higher energy level farther nucleus
frequency current passing metallic conductor increases electrons tend move surface conductor phenomenon known skin effect result skin effect usable cross sectional area conductor effectively decreased causing resistance increase high frequencies practice skin effect reduced larger wire special kinds conductors designed largest surface area include hollow tubular conductors litz wire fine strands wire insulated silver plating reduce resistance conductors high frequencies fact electrical resistance common conductors varies changing temperatures major factor development branch physics called cryogenics study behavior materials conditions ultralow temperatures extreme lower limit temperatures called absolute approximately degrees fahrenheit achieve temperatures approaching absolute gases oxygen hydrogen helium subjected number compression expansion cycles reach liquid solid temperatures elements compounds approach absolute motion atomic particles gradually reduced result resistance materials decreases point practical purposes
resistance present superconductive circuits perform function resistance result waste energy form heat desirable feature conductors transmit electrical energy point circuits resistance desirable conditions resistance deliberately circuits form heating elements devices known resistors effect resistance operation circuit methods computing total resistance circuits discussed detail unit resistors control magnitude current voltage versatility performing functions found electronic circuits resistors designed fixed resistance changed generally classified fixed variable carbon resistor called composition resistor common type typical circuit applications device resistance element composed fine particles carbon graphite mixed ceramic type core referred slug complete resistor consists insulating case core mixture leads protrude insulation varying density carbon graphite content core mixture resistance values ranging fraction ohm millions ohms obtained
phenomenon inductance present significant degree alternating current circuit coil device inductance circuits essential operation inductance provided coils inductors limit current provide inductance operation oscillator tuned filter circuits effect inductance operation circuits discussed detail units current conductor varies magnitude flux density magnetic field generated conductor varies direct proportion change flux density regardless magnetic field expanding collapsing conductor equivalent magnetic field motion magnetic field capable inducing voltage conductor property conductor induces voltage means magnetic field called inductance represented letter symbol basic action inductance illustrated circuit shown fig circuit switch closed position position current instantly begins move coil turn generates expanding magnetic field coil current increasing maximum magnitude result voltage induced coil according lenz law induced voltage polarity oppose voltage applied battery
addition application inductors generators transformers motors phenomenon magnetism widely electrical electronic devices unit constructional features theory operation practical number devices discussed magnetic phono cartridge performs function crystal ceramic cartridges types magnetic cartridges operate accordance principle electromagnetic induction common type magnetic cartridge needle mechanically coupled soft iron armature located air gap permanent magnet needle moves accordance variations groove record armature set motion result permeability armature material reluctance air gap vary turn varies flux density magnetic circuit produces effect moving magnetic field flux lines field cut stationary coil inducing voltage coil intensity voltage proportional intensity needle motion electrical representation physical variations groove record moving magnet type cartridge needle coupled small permanent magnet needle moves moving field magnet cuts stationary coils inducing voltage
inductive circuit property inductance present significant degree result circuit definite characteristics affect phase relationship voltage current opposition current power dissipation knowledge characteristics essential understanding functions inductors effects produced circuit inductance combined resistance capacitance current inductive circuit increases magnetic field inductor circuit increases increases taking place energy supplied circuit stored magnetic field current decreases magnetic field collapses energy returned circuit circuit purely inductive resistance energy expended circuits resistance electrical energy supplied inductive circuit converted heat form energy counter electromotive force cemf induced inductive component opposes applied voltage current inductive circuit lags applied voltage change magnitude current current direct current inductive circuit phase applied voltage period current changing manner current circuit responds change magnitude applied voltage referred transient response circuit
transistor circuit principal current transistor material consists holes transistor holes majority carriers electrons diffuse base minority carriers important note holes majority carriers inside transistor current external circuit transistors electronic electron current symbol transistor shown fig notice arrow attached emitter symbol points direction opposite direction electron movement emitter base external circuit aid remembering direction arrow symbol letters interpreted pointing transistors previously unit bipolar devices operation depends conduction charge carriers opposite polarity electrons holes recently developed transistor referred field effect unipolar transistor charge carriers basically electrons holes charge carriers electrons transistor known channel transistor likewise charge carriers holes transistor known channel transistor simplest form channel field effect transistor consists wafer substrate type silicon type impurity diffused sides wafer
frequency response typical transistor limited factors transit interelectrode capacitance transit related period required majority carriers diffuse base region pass collector majority carriers diffuse base region path emitter collector transistor longer straight line electrodes condition increases transit decreases efficiency transistor operate high frequency circuit interelectrode capacitance exists emitter base collector base junctions transistor operating frequency increased capacitive reactance decreases sharply resulting feedback means portion output signal internally coupled input action reduces stability transistor stage reducing control input signal output efficient high frequency transistor operation achieved special transistor structures effect preventing diffusion majority carriers base region reducing interelectrode capacitance transistors designed high frequency applications planar drift epitaxial mesa types mesa transistor base emitter regions undercut shown fig shape decreases effective collector area decreasing interelectrode capacitance collector base junction
function control grid provide means electrostatic control unidirectional current cathode plate accomplished connecting grid signal voltage output preceding stage portion circuit signal voltage polarity makes grid negative respect cathode electrostatic repulsion existing negative grid electrons restricts flow electrons tube signal voltage applied grid polarity makes grid positive respect cathode electrons attracted grid grid electrons pass highly charged positive plate increase plate current output circuit tube control grid acts electric gate valve control plate current control grid effective controlling current tube operated voltage makes constantly negative respect cathode achieved introducing bias voltage bias voltage applied grid connecting grid negative terminal voltage divider network utilizing voltage developed resistor cathode circuit tube negative bias voltage increased magnitude positive voltage applied plate remains constant current cathode plate plate current reduced
addition measurement current voltage resistance large number tests measurements connection electrical electronics activities unit test instruments perform variety functions discussed instruments test operation circuits condition circuit components aid adjusting circuits proper operation cathode ray oscilloscope extremely versatile instrument closely related television receiver function circuit design provide visual representation waveform produced electron beam striking fluorescent screen cathode ray tube electron beam automatically controlled produce horizontal sweep controlled sawtooth output voltage sweep generator action produces line horizontal trace beam voltage applied vertical input oscilloscope external test signal applied vertical input instrument horizontal gain control turned beam deflected vertically addition observation waveforms oscilloscope perform number important functions voltage comparison frequency measurement phase measurement electron beam cathode ray tube oscilloscope controlled electrostatically accomplished applying voltages vertical deflection horizontal sweep circuits vertical horizontal deflection plates tube
leads ohmmeter connected capacitor condition meter pointer deflect noticeably return infinite ohms position scale action represents charging discharging processes indication capacitor responding normal manner pointer move test performed reason believe capacitor open similar test electrolytic capacitor result greater deflection meter pointer final resistance reading ohms capacitor open deflection pointer considerably usual final resistance reading approach infinity open condition electrolytic capacitor course occur result actual break lead plate connection condition occurs electrolyte dries age operating conditions high temperature happens resistance electrolyte extremely high causing capacitance device partially completely destroyed capacitor abnormally low resistance referred leaking excessive leakage detected means resistance test test valid cases capacitors leak subjected low voltage appearing ohmmeter leads actual operating conditions
locations components determined transferred chassis surface marking surface directly preparing chassis layout diagram chassis punched formed component outlines dimensional data marked chassis surface soft lead pencil ballpoint type marker metallic object scriber leave scratches difficult remove cover completely paint basic factors determine location components chassis functional sequence heat dissipation radiation magnetic fields replacement test convenience safety satisfactory component layout begins consideration functions major components components located functional operationally related sequence arranged interconnecting leads short reduces possibility undesirable electrical magnetic interaction conductors adds appearance wiring job recommended component location practices power supply components transformers choke coils rectifiers filter capacitors located form composite unit power cords enter chassis point component components connected antenna leads terminals located front end circuit components tuning capacitors coils
noise gate block diagram sound intermediate frequency detector circuit consists transistors diodes transistor input video driver amplifies coupling sound signal sound limiter limiter continues amplify signal residual amplitude interference removed signal goes frequency modulated ratio detector diodes output ratio detector goes audio amplifier block signal amplified drive loudspeaker sync limiter vertical output circuit consisting transistors sync information enters vertical oscillator integrator separates vertical sync pulses horizontal sync pulses sync signal triggers vertical oscillator operate correct frequency transistor feedback sawtooth oscillator develops sweep voltage capacitors sawtooth signal goes vertical driver vertical output stage feedback circuit collector returns signal oscillator ensure vertical sweep absence sync information output goes vertical deflection coils grid picture tube blanking vertical retrace vertical circuit horizontal oscillator automatic frequency control
simple method determining range means pulse modulated radar involves scan presentation basic type presentation sweep trace cathode ray tube indicator forms horizontal baseline screen tube transmitted pulse echo signal vertical deflections blips horizontal sweep trace horizontal trace transmitted pulse begin exactly distance blips proportional range target object assume entire linear sweep trace cathode ray tube indicator completed microseconds assume transmitted reference pulse echo pulse trace fig total required pulse transmitted target object reflected received microseconds half period microseconds required pulse reach target velocity pulse space miles yards microsecond target yards radar antenna case axis trace calibrated yards calibrated terms land miles nautical miles convenient unit distance basic pulse radar transmitter essentially blocking type oscillator circuit operated conjunction amplifier stages
gas laser coherent light generated glass tube gas carbon dioxide neon combination gases helium neon gas excited application radio frequency energy electrical discharge tube discharge ordinary neon lamp tube happens atomic collisions occur gas resulting energy levels atoms ions produce coherent light manner similar action solid laser gas lasers designed produce continuous wave output colors outstanding advantage gas lasers operate high efficiency compared types lasers semiconductor laser commonly referred injection diode laser laser type active material consists specially constructed gallium arsenide junction diode operated forward biased condition pumping energy laser supplied direct voltage source deliver large amount current diode condition vast recombination electrons holes depletion region junction result recombinations energy released form coherent light emitted junction region semiconductor lasers operated continuously form pulses
professional nurses taught nursing responsible sincerely believed professional nurses provide nursing care practical nurses knew trained obviously fit nurses realize places kinds nurses thought training practical nurse needed nurses turn willing help knew practical nurses poor appreciated realize dangerous let untrained person care sick professional nurses believed place practical nurse saw professional nurses care sick home knew satisfactory practical nurse responsible intelligent thought trained sure intelligent women taught properly public spirited citizens knew hard obtain care sick person agreed interested professional nurses found money open practical nursing schools schools opened york city ywca courses offered women title ballard school miss lucinda ballard interested york woman gave money venture
knowledge pathogens enter leave body essential preventing spread disease prophylaxis enter respiratory system gastrointestinal system urinary reproductive systems breaks skin mucous membrane microorganisms leave body natural body discharges mucus sputum saliva urine feces vomitus exudate surface lesions pathogens produce active infection gained entry body depends infecting agent host infection condition body invaded pathogens increase number causing injurious effects symptoms body pathogenic microorganisms produce effects destroy tissues living produce substances poisonous poisons called toxins infections produce effects pathogen affected person victor battle takes place pathogens enter body depends factors route pathogens enter body number invading organisms virulence strength invaders resistance body effectiveness defenses disease organisms specific microorganisms disease body enter effective route typhoid bacillus enter digestive tract meningococcus nose chief portal entry
developmental tasks establishment phase include setting home working system finance economy dividing routine chores responsibility family live easier tasks newlyweds typically home rented close family friends budget simple average young couple today accustomed comforts parents home niceties parents worked sacrificed enjoyed giving couple extras constant sales enticements luxuries living necessities average young married couple makes tremendous sacrifices live joneses wonders joneses manage extras traditionally duties roles husband wife explicitly embroidered towels husband worked sun sun wife today trend share responsibilities decide according individual interests abilities familiar majority families common today find young couples marketing buying household furnishings sharing responsibilities cooking cleaning say aspect modern marriage problems
body weight cent average weight height age type diet standard tables normal weight according height age apply larger bones active reducing weight increasing diet prescribed physician differences body disturbances overweight comes oversupply fat body tissues person takes food energy safe reducing diet amounts proteins vitamins minerals cuts fat making foods extreme diets faddists dangerous diets completely unbalanced diet calories brings weight loss pounds week gradual safe important points diet normal amount protein allowed pint milk egg servings lean meat poultry fish cottage cheese supply rest calorie allowance divided fruits vegetables butter grain cereals supply minerals vitamins liberal servings low calorie vegetables fruits help allay feelings hunger cream sugar allowed amount butter limited teaspoon meal
doctor order apical pulse procedure nurse listens apex pointed end heart stethoscope counts beats hears procedure full minute generally apical pulse heard left center chest level nipples apical pulse question rhythm rate heart appears heart stopped apical radial pulse ordered nurses carry procedure watch nurse counts apical pulse minute nurse counts radial pulse signal start counting start numbers charted identified pulse difference apical pulse higher means beats strong reach wrist difference readings called pulse deficit existence pulse deficit important doctor readings respiration process brings oxygen body removes carbon dioxide wastes exchange takes place lungs oxygen keeps body cells alive accumulated carbon dioxide wastes kill
nurse asked accompany physician makes rounds generally practical nursing student asked rounds physician licensed practical nurse asked chance accompany doctor rounds sure advantage valuable learning experience nurse assigned duty ready assist doctor procedures follow orders specific procedures discussed later unit nurse working hospital doctor office asked answer phone sure give department position caller knows speaking answer phone follows station main west miss adams practical nursing student speaking caller knows help needs ask important answer phone promptly emergency caller excited waiting answer sure messages correctly deliver promptly especially vital case laboratory reports especially doctor needs notified immediately laboratory finding pass information questions sure ask
sure giving correct medicine patient check medicine card patient identification band give medication patient id band bed tag sufficient identification sure patient identity ask tell answer yes question winter saying helps associate medicine card stay patient swallowed medicine left medicine patients known dispose ways leave medicine tray reach patients leave room ward tray chart medicines soon chart medicine give record drug dosage method giving add initials doctor gave drug record report immediately unusual reaction vomiting medicine unfavorable change patient condition refusal medicine inability find forgotten give medicine report promptly discard unused dose medicine return stock container
epinephrine adrenalin constricts blood vessels applied mucous membrane wounds injected tissues effect unbroken skin digestive enzymes destroy mouth speeds heart rate raises blood pressure constricts surface blood vessels relaxes smooth muscles respiratory tract valuable drug relieve acute attacks bronchial asthma especially valuable treating allergic reactions anaphylactic shock serum reactions hay fever urticaria powerful heart stimulant care interfere seriously heartbeat resort heart stopped beating injection adrenalin directly heart muscle nearby veins known restore heart action bring patient thing important remember giving adrenalin powerful drug small doses usual injection dose minims nervous patients hypertension exophthalmic goiter drug nervous develop tremor anxiety headache difficulty breathing stomach pain dangerous symptoms resulting large doses intravenous administration dilatation heart edema lungs cerebral accident adrenalin unsafe patients heart disease hyperthyroidism emotionally unstable
nurse aware medic alert tag means look emergency situation tag worn bracelet wrist chain neck signifies person health problem sort doctor nurse consideration administering aid care tag shown figure person wears tag type number identification telephone number tag called night obtain information patient doctor pertinent information printed tag types information printed tag patient diabetic seizures glaucoma wearing contact lenses breathing tube neck allergic drugs substances factors account patient treated correctly die sources information found victim person nurse look billfold unconscious accident victim medical information nurse finds card indicating person wishes donate organs body transplant death inform doctor scene accident
oral hygiene essential care children small infant small amount sterile water feeding older child encouraged mouthwash brush teeth procedures repair deformities involved condition cleft lip sutured generally child young skin graft revision scar later date scar prominent immediately operation unnoticeable child grows older palate repaired surgically placement graft dental prosthesis attached teeth missing teeth part jaw aids speech closing hole mouth nose palate repair procedure carried stages cleft severe palate closed baby young repaired child speech aids help child speak preventing air communicating nose mouth aids attached palate prosthesis extend throat speech aid moved uvula move normal speech child trained move throat aid learn talk
successful auto body shop need estimates cost repair damage vehicles estimates range large wrecks small dents repainting jobs idea person estimates person making estimates sell body shop services private car owners insurance appraisers adjusters deal appraiser insurance company representative estimates damage authorizes ok insurance company payment estimate cost damage price needed repair damaged vehicle estimate completed itemized list shows cost repairing damage vehicle typical estimate shown fig estimate known damage appraisal insurance company estimate appraisal commitment binding bid respect repairman honesty shop estimator insurance company customer chapter explains correct procedure plan follow making estimate included estimate costs involved problems encountered determining type insurance claim insurance involved party pay vehicle repair actually estimator makes estimates speak estimate mental notes looking damage visual estimate
collision parts manual parts labor prices installing parts panels reason estimator collision parts manual find price parts amount needed install parts course estimator charge labor align straighten opening damaged panel removed collision parts manual begins information identify model complete car fig shows typical model identification page estimator model number car case model identification pages identification part entire car front bumper vehicle bumper part listed typical pictures assemblies list follows pictures showing part numbers hours needed install retail price part fig typical page part number manual collision parts manual pages labor figures cost labor charges hour shop estimate written labor put estimate hours total hours multiplied shop charge hour actual total labor cost entire estimate
driver fault vehicle repaired liability insurance liability insurance covers damage property car owner fault pay cost repairing car cost paid driver fault liability insurance course body shop manager involved fault end shop owner bill paid repaired car returned regardless fault party insurance claim involves kinds damage collision comprehensive collision insurance insurance car owner pay fixing car matter fault car owner collision damage runs tree collision damage pays fixing car fault liability insurance case damage vehicle collision insurance case damage vehicle comprehensive insurance pays damage car due vandalism fire theft hail storms damage car standing involved collision collision comprehensive insurance policies deductible clause clause condition states owner vehicle pay amount damage claim insurance company pays remainder type insurance common fault insurance
body shop surform tool grade plastic body filler filler semihard plastic graded surform tool fig surform tool speeds body plastic filler plastic partly worked surform completely cured reduces body waiting plastic worked sooner applying surform tool surface smoother plastic applied plastic completely cured sanded smoother fine speed file discussed surform tool effectively fully cured hardened plastic hardness cured plastic quickly wear cutting edge surform blade plastic fully hardened sanded speed file prepared refinishing tool hold strips sandpaper flat smooth surface preparation reason tool known flat boy typical speed file shown fig speed file surform tool speed file plastic fully hardened tool wrapped sandpaper smooth plastic filler tools wood hard fiber backing plate hold sandpaper flat
fig shows body jack hose hose strong reinforced rubber designed transmit powerful hydraulic fluid force pump ram assembling body jack job end hose attached pump section end attached ram section hose attached end screwing pump ram connecting nut threaded hose connection fitting fig shows jack ram ram part jack section actual set position depending design ram pull push making longer hydraulic fluid pumped ram acts reservoir hydraulic fluid returns fluid pump control valve pump opened attachments shown fig joined directly ram section fig shows major attachments assembled ram section attachments hold ram angle frame straightener panel attachments clamp hold body panels pushing pulling straighten align body panel structure parts special ram attachments designed sold fit contour automobile body structure body jack jack attachments fully discussed later units book
main air line air compressor separator regulator outlets larger air outlet lines main air line coming air compressor inch diameter air outlet line coming main air line inch diameter supplying compressed air pressure left main line times matter tools connected air supply cases main line large carry air needed shop equipment main line larger diameter run longer distances air compressor air supply systems air shut valve main air line close storage tank valve shut air storage tank keeping air shut storage tank shop closed insures full tank air shop opened prevents compressor running night leak develop air equipment outlets shop small leaks air compressor turned morning storage tank empty waiting period storage tank filled avoided air turned storage tank end working air line drain leg main air line fig purpose drain leg collect moisture main air line
common neutral flame fact change chemical composition metal melted add carbon oxygen molten metal neutral flame form metal changed solid liquid chemical makeup stays correct amounts oxygen acetylene burned neutral flame extra carbon acetylene oxygen enter molten metal correctly adjusted neutral flame metal melt quickly pieces metal properly welded flame cool acetylene put unburned carbon molten metal happens molten metal carbonized called carburized metal pieces weld properly hand oxygen flame oxidize metal weld crack center weld metal hard cools length neutral flame cone measured known length reason known flame neutral flame easily identified acetylene feather flame shown fig smooth round head flame fairly quiet compared hissing sound oxidizing flame discussed later
welding course acetylene flame neutral flame flame brazing slightly carbonizing reducing flame torch oxygen valve opened carbonizing flame neutral flame oxygen possibly slightly acetylene needed carbonizing flame carbonizing flame discussed earlier welding section recognized flame feather positioned neutral flame cone flame feather times longer neutral flame cone depending thickness metal brazing torch held welding molten brass blown flame torch tip held close distance inch surface brazing types rods brazing brass rods coated flux coated flux flux coated rods easily identified thicker diameter rod coated flux flux coated rods colors uncoated rods brass yellow gold colored plain uncoated brass rods coated flux brazing process begun flux rod brazing purposes
transformer welding machines simple operate generally speaking controls include switch control setting amperage polarity selector dc machines lead terminals terminals connecting supply output cable machine supply cable known electrode cable terminal connecting ground cable machine ground cable clamps directly metal welded electricity returned machine completing circuit needed welding automobile battery noticed battery connections marked minus positive minus negative automobile direct current dc electrical system electrical system circuit dc connections circuit positive negative electricity home shop known ac alternating current ac positive negative connections circuit complete unbroken path electricity follow smaller transformer welding machines machine fig put ac current polarity problem larger machines fig polarity switch welder choose polarity needs electrode position calls polarity
automobile badly wrecked type frame damage repaired outer panel damage successfully repaired car fig frame damage possibly deal mash damage smaller amount sidesway types damage discussed unit repaired body panel repair replacement begin repair major body damage unitized body frame conventional frame construction body begin point job straightening tools major wrecks vary degree specific procedure outlined jobs generalizations hold true straightening basic types auto construction repairing major damage car conventional construction frame panels panels pulled separately type wreck equipment require pulled separately hand pulled multiple hook ups fig fig chains fastened major body parts chain fastened car frame frame chain require pull frame straightened ahead major body parts frame stronger requiring face straighten
remove curves bends metal damage low spots lifted high spots worked job basic methods straighten metal include aligning metal power jack working metal hammer dolly pulling metal vacuum cups pulling metal pull rods slide hammer shrinking stretched metal heat shrinking process kinking metal provide surface body filler pry bars straightening methods separately job method depend factors individual job include amount damage size affected area extent metal stretched accessible damage easily reached front sides panel considering job body select method combination methods damage repaired job metal straightened small high places remaining damaged area filed area ground smooth prepared refinishing completely leveled shaped correct contour area filled body filler refinished
vehicle hood largest adjustable panel vehicle hood front easily noticed important adjusted correctly hood fit evenly fenders cowl front job easily procedure order basically hood held place hood hinges hood open hinges supporting hood closed course held place hood latch assembly finally adjustable stops corners hood help position hood level front sides shown earlier figs bottom hood hinge attached cowl fender panel bolts hold hinge place body bolt holes hinge slotted hinge adjusted place fender panel cowl bolts allow hinge moved raising lowering hood closed position top hood hinge bolted hood bolts upper hinge holes slotted allowing hood moved forward backward hinges
soon exactly area refinished preparing surface paint begin generally speaking procedure types repairs painted surfaces based specific job procedures need extra carefully need reasons general procedure closely step refinish washing entire car help remove dust dirt blown paint part car refinished washing car helps assure color match color accurately seen matched finally dirt dust car masking tape easily stick parts painted entire car washed area repaired step clean area precleaning solvent wipe solvent area solvent dries surface cleaned precleaning solvent ground repairs paint ground cleaned waxes chemicals paint ground bare metal metal waxes chemicals later paint problem known fish eye discussed later
housekeeping help eliminate dust dirt walls floor air hose spray gun find wet paint clean major shop areas paint washing water hose dusting clean rags help stray dust floor idea wet floor paint booth spraying special oil saturated sweeping compounds sweep paint booth help collect floor dust settled paint booth air exhaust system automatic damper installed prevent air blowing paint booth possibly carrying dirt paint booth fan turned damper cold air winter finally sure paint booth free called junk items add dirt hazard booth complete body paint preparation paint booth check sure sanding body paint booth grinding grit sanding dust left removed paint booth doors paint booth closed exhaust fan turned
polish restore slightly dulled paint paint badly weathered need compounding polishing hand machine case apply polish vehicle hand fig clean slightly damp rag apply polish depending temperature humidity polish applied entire vehicle small section polish applied allow minutes dry light colored haze fig vehicle polished hand wipe dried polish clean soft rag turn rag dried polish rubbing finish bottom rag clean dry fluffy rag towels clean diapers material known cheesecloth purchased polishing rag materials hand polishing difficult consuming entire vehicle polished case large size area polished machine polishing faster machine polish area wheel soft polishing pad remove dried polish polishing pad cleaned frequently idea experienced person show clean pad polishing procedure polishing pads create heat compounding pads
mental retardation condition absence normal mental growth development cases physical growth affected mental retardation completely understood general grouping places periods prenatal natal postnatal prenatal period mental retardation result traits carried genes phenylketonuria caused infections mother prenatal period syphilis rubella injury birth process damage infant brain birth accidents poisoning infectious diseases encephalitis retard mental growth development extent mental retardation varies children severely affected institutional care required able attend school special education vocational training able care mentally retarded individuals die infancy childhood reach adulthood distinguish mildly retarded normal person past mental retardation looked stigma families sought conceal existence retarded child today public education programs help retarded persons achieve maximum potential eliminated secrecy previously condition mental retardation affects races segments society regardless economic status nurse remember mental retardation fault individual involved
development antibiotic drugs began alexander fleming british bacteriologist discovered substance called penicillin findings immediately accepted united states began intensive development penicillin early days penicillin streptomycin today large number antibiotic agents antibiotic drugs effective gram positive gram negative bacteria called broad spectrum antibiotics effective gram positive gram negative bacteria antibiotics saved lives diseases effective penicillin forms variety trade names common method administering intramuscular injection intravenously orally subcutaneously sublingually aerosol inhalant ointments lotions troches usual conditions penicillin nontoxic patients allergic reactions occur reactions vary mild skin rashes fatal anaphylactic shock nurse administering penicillin form sure patient previous reaction observe patient carefully hours administration drug reactions develop immediately fatal reactions occurred hours drug past large number semisynthetic penicillins developed
louis pasteur joseph lister ushered era surgery fact joseph lister considered father antiseptic surgery modern science progressed lister basic principle asepsis unchanged asepsis condition complete absence germs asepsis absolute compromise modification nurse encounter situations clinical unit require aseptic technique catheterization changing surgical dressings slightest error mean prolonged illness hospitalization patient repeatedly book nurse referred conditions procedures patient care asepsis employed chapter designed familiarize nurse methods achieve asepsis variables determine effectiveness ineffectiveness method employed general asepsis divided categories medical asepsis surgical asepsis basic principles prevent spread destruction pathogenic microorganisms medical asepsis employed patient isolated objective confine pathogens area preventing spread persons prevent pathogens carried patient isolated unit words environment inside isolated unit protected accomplish infectious material destroyed soon leaves patient
elderly persons place longer care elderly persons wish live children forced economic health reasons plan mutually acceptable children elderly family member persons nursing home place according study nursing home residents cared homes statistics nursing homes operation million beds employees united states government contributes annually billion nursing homes late statement concerning policies procedures nursing homes read congressional record ninety congress statement included mention widespread tranquilizers sedatives administered patients quiet general accounting office united states drugs medicaid tranquilizers sedatives beginning upgrade nursing homes federal legislation provided nursing home receive federal funds july licensed established program licensing nursing home administrators report stated nursing homes certified medicare patients withdrawn decertified failure meet federal standards patient care safety
stressed patient recovering anesthesia left watched constantly hospitals maintain facilities postoperative care patient patient transferred operating room recovery unit specially designed bed stretcher recovery room generally located operating rooms equipped supplies drugs equipment care emergency arise recovery room considered part surgical suite supervision anesthesiologist nurses care patients recovering anesthesia accept responsibility seriously realizing critical period surgical patient anesthesiologist accompanies patient operating room recovery room advises nurses patient condition special problems require care attention anesthesiologist sure airway clear vital signs satisfactory leaving patient patient protected side rails bed padded avoid injuring restless patient patient moved carefully anesthetics stored body surgery eliminated movement patient operating table stretcher bed riding elevators wheeling corners corridors vital signs patient protected warm cotton blankets
person recuperate physical disability complications extent rehabilitation depends psychologic emotional acceptance condition stump healed prosthesis fitted patient considered rehabilitated refused care stump wear prosthesis attempt individual factors influence person ability cope disabling event person born physical abnormality difficulty accepting disability perceived person adjust changed body image disability due traumatic accident acute emotional reaction expected occurring slowly progressive disease meaning loss function occurred vary person loss arm affect professional pianist severely school teacher chemist depends loss affects patient everyday personality problems develop disability occur result patient personality characteristics prior injury person easily feel inadequate prior injury emotional stress injury initial reaction physical injury shock patient experiences disbelief anxiety fear considered part mourning process loss meaningful patient produce period grief
leukocytosis increase number white blood cells protective destructive mechanism role leukocytes defending body infectious agents discussed diseases potentially dangerous leukocytes increased play important role helping body overcome infection forms leukemia large numbers immature leukocytes produced causing spleen liver lymph nodes leukopenia condition number leukocytes greatly reduced granulocytes reduced bacterial infection occur numerous conditions causing leukopenia including chemical agents known toxic body agents analgesic antipyretic drug aminopyrine amidopyrine sulfapyridine radioactive phosphorus previously mentioned nitrogen mustard preparations leukopenia occurs patient isolated infection nurse recall protective mechanism afforded leukocytes longer exists patient danger infection develop infectious mononucleosis acute infectious disease involving white blood cells number leukocytes increased mm lymphocytes agranulocytes increased immature mature clinical manifestations disease involve lymphoid tissues body lymph nodes spleen agranulocytosis acute disease common women
heart disease continues leading death united states majority deaths caused coronary artery disease probability eventually dying arteriosclerotic heart disease gradually increases birth age older morbidity mortality heart disease reduced primary concern physicians researchers factors personal habits individuals increase risk heart disease research provided reasonable evidence risk factor smoking cigarettes studies shown increase blood pressure serum cholesterol atherosclerosis coronary arteries direct relationship smoking number cigarettes smoked persons diabetes gout times greater risk heart disease persons factors predispose individual heart disease include hypertension obesity physical inactivity diet menopause estrogens lost serum cholesterol rises frequently combination risk factors exists individual presence looked nurse aware risk factors contacts patients encourage modify habits predispose heart disease nurse nurse smokes obese encouraging patient stop smoking consult physician weight reduction difficult
patient admitted hospital days surgery patients apprehensive receives detailed examination including laboratory studies special tests examinations outlined earlier chapter physician plan conference patient give information advisable nurse accompany physician order patient told preoperatively blood pressure apical radial pulse hours patient weighed daily establish basis determining normal patient estimate amount blood needed heart lung machine open heart surgery patient sodium restricted diet receiving diuretic digitalis continued permitted patient walking maintain strength muscle tone patient child nurse utilize opportunity learn child interests habits likes dislikes establish friendly mutual acceptance extremely important postoperative care child child room attractive cheerful provided cherished toys surgeon nurse prepare patient details postoperative nursing care taught breathe deeply slowly noiselessly tighten muscles abdomen stimulate coughing exhalation
puberty period secondary sex characteristics begin appearance size external reproductive organs increases growth axillary pubic hair occurs male female female breasts larger male voice deepens female menstrual period menarche signifies end puberty variation age onset puberty menarche exists menstrual period occurs twelfth sixteenth occur anytime tenth eighteenth studies shown onset menstruation influenced extent climate race nationality children need preparation puberty sex education moment birth infant begins respond reflect attitudes care parents influential developing healthy attitudes regarding sexuality young children curious need direct truthful answers questions sex education schools arouses controversy generally accepted incorporated elementary junior high schools nurses requested teach basic sex education small groups children boy girl approach maturity encounter problems physiologic organism required adjustments need guidance wise counseling help establish patterns prepare parenthood
ectopic pregnancy gestation uterus rarely occasionally abdomen ovary common site fallopian tube ovum implanted fallopian tube referred tubal pregnancy infrequently tubal pregnancy palpated area uterus indication tubal pregnancy occurs tube ruptures tubal pregnancy results condition tube slows prevents passage ovum tube endometrium uterus conditions inflammation disease narrowing tube elongated immature tube create situation conducive tubal pregnancy embryo increases size tube stretches longer remain intact tube rupture releasing entire products conception abdominal cavity ectopic abortion rupture small embryo remains tube severe bleeding occurs damage blood vessels length tube remains intact developing embryo variable weeks weeks frequently patient missed period noted slight spotting pregnant majority patients rupture results acute abdominal pain occurs suddenly pain extend shoulder rectal area patient faint pale shock
enlargement thyroid gland called goiter inadequate amounts iodine thyroid gland grow larger attempts thyroid hormones goiters occur result altered metabolism deficiency iodine food water deficiency exists areas united states areas occurrence endemic goiter greatest marketing iodized salt reduced incidence type goiter endemic goiter common girls occurs puberty completely disappear types goiter produce symptoms grow large exert pressure adjacent structures large goiters surgically removed relieve pressure esthetic reasons studying family nutrition nurse familiar foods rich natural iodine leafy vegetables seafood caring patients nurse emphasize importance foods diet especially enlargement thyroid gland noted persons living areas known deficiency iodine water soil encouraged iodized salt hyperthyroidism caused overactive thyroid gland produces excess thyroxin specific unknown condition follows infections emotional stress disease known names including toxic goiter thyrotoxicosis exophthalmic goiter graves disease
pathologic response individual results antigen antibody reaction histamine histamine substances released histamine vasodilation peripheral blood vessels constriction smooth muscles bronchioles dilation capillary vessels fluid move plasma interstitial spaces edema increase mucus mucus secreting glands accompanied itching sneezing occur symptomatically allergic manifestations vary person person vary person factors influence symptoms include type allergen inhalants congestion nasal mucosa sneezing thin watery nasal discharge red itching conjunctivae increased lacrimation allergen digestant gastrointestinal symptoms nausea vomiting diarrhea occur contactants urticaria dermatitis histamine spasm constriction bronchioles bronchial asthma occur antigens serum sickness anaphylactic shock individual sensitized drugs penicillin urticaria anaphylactic shock death occur reactions drugs fever skin rash penicillin caused fatalities drug aspirin individual sensitive reaction diagnosis allergy includes complete family personal history physical examination skin tests tests mucous membrane sensitivity elimination diets previous reference chapter genetic transmission congenital transmission hypersensitivity
chicken pox acute infectious childhood disease caused virus incubation period days cases symptom skin rash rash goes series stages beginning macule progressing papule vesicle crust secondary infection occurs scar formation result absence infection crust dries drops rash superficial appears chest abdomen gradually extending parts body lesions crops small reddened spots observed throat rash appears skin elevation temperature extent closely related extent skin rash headache loss appetite malaise commonly disease pruritus causing scratching lead secondary infection scarring diagnosis chicken pox basis clinical signs disease limiting specific treatment vaccine produce immunity isolation generally considered unnecessary concurrent disinfection nose throat discharges carried complications chicken pox secondary infection results scratching june total cases smallpox reported health organization decrease compared period
prevention accidents responsibility citizen home farm lake highway hospital accidents result human error carelessness indifference children innocent victims poisoning claims hundred lives nearly poisonings occur home accidental ingestion drugs aspirin major death household cleaning aids insecticides cosmetic preparations dangerous products found home known antidote poisonous products developed remembered children curious climb reach objective practice putting bleach preparations clorox soft drink bottles invitation young children estimated poisoning caused drugs household aids result leaving substances sight reach children poisonings due parental carelessness negligence swimming hole exists places replaced private public swimming pools recent emphasis water sports led increased boating swimming activities increase accidental drownings types motorized pedaled equipment potential hazards families wiped seconds highway farm tractors bicycles motorized bikes lawn mowers examples machines thousands lives
laws country virtually based english common law story development common law interesting remember study history england medieval days governed feudal system system feudal lord reigned supreme domain feudal lord owned land surrounding castle land worked serfs rights lords settled arguments rights neighboring lords fighting matters serfs rights law needed common began rise serfdom status tenant farmer began acquire rights point need law began arise order disputes settled accordance system rights tenant conflict rights earliest disputes settled feudal lord hear arguments tenant decision formal body law guide reason judgment later civil officers judicial powers magistrates appointed hear settle disputes law guide logically magistrate say decided case months ago decide
conflict rights settled agreement parties involved ask courts settle differences recall unit tom smith wrongfully sold ray greene typewriter sam archer ray demanded return sam refused ray sam rights request ray sam asking courts determine enforce rights ordinarily call action law lawsuit courts things determine rights parties provide remedy enforcement rights law relating determination rights called substantive law law relating remedies provided enforcement rights called adjective procedural law ray greene found bring action court typewriter hire lawyer lawyer steps bring case courts process moving case courts study unit ask lawsuit start court action remember litigation costly consuming process possibly settle dispute court arbitration court action prevented sort compromise agreement money saved
actually call business law developed fact began develop early history remember discussion law merchant mentioned merchants necessity set rules settling problems differences opinion traders started practice holding informal courts settle arguments early english informal courts basic principles foundations modern business law developed law contracts sales commercial paper legal subjects beginnings law merchant common law courts began follow rules law merchant settling differences merchants traders decisions common law courts recorded precedents form common law relating business transactions business law careful attention federal legislatures founding country important statute laws deal business matters uniform commercial code laws dealing partnerships corporations bankruptcy law examples important laws designed business transactions important laws uniform fifty sets laws country laws subject restrictions constitution united states
contracts easier prove court writing prove types contracts courts require written evidence ask types agreements answer historical early english courts learned contracting parties likely commit perjury false statements court oath proving agreements early english statute provided types agreements proved written evidence statute called statute frauds adopted modification fifty states states added types agreements original classes consult statutes find additional classes contracts writing classes contracts writing contracts pay debts contracts consideration marriage contracts sell interest real property contracts requiring perform contracts sell personal property oral promise pay debts enforceable roland jackson uncle took clothing store merchant sell young suit clothes credit pay merchant wise promise writing roland uncle sued enforce promise
agreements enforceable contracts meet requirements set law joe martinez contracted build service station busy corner lot ed volk martinez visited corner lot begin construction halted city policeman told build service station lot city council voted change zoning laws night meeting service stations prohibited residential neighborhood martinez duty bound contract build martinez longer bound contract law performance contract illegal law takes hand discharge contracts law declare contracts terminated conditions met law practical times performance impossible times interests society demand contract terminated circumstances law declares contracts discharged operation law think performance impossible actually difficult actual impossibility performance discharge contract contract job fulfill obligation transfer obligation consent party contract learned unit assignments reasonably follows die physically disabled personal performance impossible contract discharged
visualize confusion result laws pertaining sales reasonably precise understandable virtually buys sells buy sell parts country course reason need special rules regard sales general rules contracts apply sure rights duties parties clear rules changed special laws pertaining sales originated law merchant customs precedents based commercial usages recognized early businessmen merchants mariners dealings part common law early courts began apply rules law merchant court cases recent special rules modernized restated law sales deals sale goods goods according code means things including specially manufactured goods movable identification contract sale goods includes unborn young animals growing crops identified things attached realty timber minerals removed money price paid investment securities stocks bonds considered goods
modern business carried agents skill carry small business enterprise delegate creates legal risks responsible actions agencies created agreement agreements contracts offer help friend thought compensation job free consideration valid contract job agent agency agreement form contracts agency agreement oral written types agreements need special explanation understand statute frauds specifies contracts writing enforceable equal dignities rule specifies contract agency writing contracts agent parties behalf principal writing likewise agent enter contracts seal agency created authority seal principal wishes supply agent positive proof authority act execute power attorney
death principal agent terminate agency irrevocable understandable ordinary agency based contract personal services irrevocable agency situation security device follows set rules notice party termination agency law assumes notice death bankruptcy principal terminate agency bankruptcy cancels bankrupt ordinary contracts vests title property trustee benefit creditors bankruptcy agent terminates agency reasons principal agent continue relationship choose cases bankruptcy agent prevent agent job regular reason terminate agency destruction subject matter incapacity agent makes performance impossible agency terminated agency contract entered purpose agency declared illegality agency considered terminated operation law parties business principal agent parties knew agency relationship entitled notice termination principal fails notify party stopped denying continuing agency party enter agreement agent believing principal
possibly contract employer member group fellow employees today industries employment contracts negotiated individuals groups employees called bargaining units bargaining unit union selected vote employees represent working conditions employment employers called collective bargaining process firmly established institution improvement working conditions industrial relations collective bargaining contracts determine wages working conditions employment millions workers united states karl stuchell hired classic automotive company employee classic automotive company terms employment covered collective bargaining contract classic automotive company local union representing automotive employees hundred ago collective bargaining held courts illegal conspiracy courts ruled difficult understand times changed belief gradually developed collective bargaining matter determined employers employees developed concept government encourage collective bargaining later theory government exercise element regulation control process today especially trades industry worker represented union agents knowledge law employees rights assures employee full benefit law
common carrier liability ends goods reach destination consignee reasonable order fully protect rights call goods shipped soon conveniently arrived local freight depot express office matter fact question lost importance shipments carload delivered door carrier common carrier rights payment fees agreed shipment lien goods shipped amount shipping charges terminates payment received carrier carrier lien goods covered bill lading charges subsequent date receipt goods storage transportation including demurrage terminal charges consignee call shipment reasonable forty hours carrier charge additional fee known demurrage charge storage common carrier engages transporting passengers called public carrier order distinguish carriers goods public carriers include transporters passengers persons companies purport serve public general examples railroad companies streetcar companies operators buses taxicabs steamboats ships ferries airplanes
lives crowded risks risks include loss property loss health loss jobs loss lives course insurance prevent losses purpose insurance spread losses greater number fifty homeowners owning house valued formed community group cover fire damage loss fifty homes fire gutted home group causing damage homeowner paid cover total loss purely hypothetical case purchase protection reliable insurance companies principle large number spread risk limit losses course careful careful risks unavoidable losses bound occur idea risk sharing insurance marine insurance insuring ships sea loss began prior italian mercantile cities venice genoa idea introduced england italian merchants traders marine insurance flourishing business centering famous lloyd coffee house london forerunner today corporation lloyd insurance underwriters cooperative sharing fire losses develop hundred later london fire destroyed percent city buildings
standard clauses found policies clauses required statutes common clauses found insurance contracts beneficiary person receive money death insured amount interest policy policy written policies provision permitting insured paying premiums reserve change beneficiary chooses policyholder fails vested beneficiary benefits policy consent mann ross lubin partners policy purchased partnership partnership named beneficiary change beneficiary reserved partners mann withdrew partnership requested insurer change beneficiary policy request granted policy continued original form insurer misled issuing policy false statements insured policy later canceled unjust allow insurer collect premiums death insured refuse pay minor misrepresentation reason policies provide number policy incontestable
person dies making died intestate property distributed according laws descent estate handled exactly case probate court appoints administrator administratrix look estate duties administrator comparable executor distribute estate according law property dies intestate goes heirs conversely heirs property death finding heirs problem laws states precise matter look statutes generally intestate leaves children children property equal parts children deceased heirs share estate varies wife interest deceased husband property leaves common law interest wife called dower interest estate real property owned husband marriage modern statutes dower widow remains states modified replaced statutory share estate
business operations terminated moment notice takes wind firm affairs bring formally end winding period partners carrying going business bringing end specific things change relationship bring dissolution paragraphs original partnership agreement partners agreed firm terminate arrives firm dissolved necessarily mean partnership needs discontinued partners agree continue firm expressly implication contract partnership agreement changed partners mutual agreement course respect rights creditors executory contract agreements partner admitted firm relationship partners changed firm dissolved formed person buy interest partnership partner consent members firm partner withdraws expelled firm partners change relationship firm dissolved remaining partners choose continue business partnership wind affairs firm business
dissolution corporation partnership remember partnership dissolved change relationship partners true corporation purposes organizing corporation avoid instability organization owners stockholders freely sell shares stock effect corporate structure corporations existence issuance charter dissolved reverse process canceling charter happen ways states charters issued number expires corporate existence comes end happens elected directors trustees corporate assets corporation reorganized business wound assets distributed corporation limited required completion project cases charter perpetual existence corporation armament corporation owned subsidiary corporation formed carry research connection government contracts held company corporation chartered end project completed charter expired petition extension charter organization continued
common law england treason divided high treason acts king petit treason acts master lord division country constitution treason united states consist levying war adhering enemies giving aid comfort felony defined states crime punishable death imprisonment prison major crime determine crime felony look statute punishment commission crime murder manslaughter burglary grand larceny robbery arson examples felonies states define felony crime subject punishment hard labor infamous crime crime subject infamous punishment person actually commits felony pulls trigger strikes blow called principal degree actually commit act present assisting commission felony called principal degree person serves lookout committing crime considered present eyes law principal degree states principal degree punishment principal degree person commit felony present felony committed accessory fact
common law degree care person owed depended relationship parties invited property business owed higher degree care invited social guests negligence lack care categorized degrees slight negligence ordinary negligence gross negligence cathy dooley riding passenger paul car injured paul exceeded speed limit wet slippery road car skidded tree cathy able win lawsuit injuries paul insurance company states follow common law rule reason guest paul court consider act ordinary negligence gross negligence states degrees negligence maintain owe duty ordinary reasonable care rightfully property case trespasser hand negligent liable trespasser injuries property owners refrain willful wanton reckless conduct trespassers conduct includes intentional commission act reasonable person knows injury fourteen girl riding bicycle noticed chain dangling slow moving truck
defendant attorney opportunity cross examine plaintiff witnesses aim cross examination test truth witnesses statements bring related evidence developed direct examination defendant attorney presents evidence favorable defendant witnesses evidence important defendant case plaintiff attorney opportunity cross examine defendant witnesses plaintiff attorney rests case defendant attorney presents summary defense arguments benefit jury defendant attorney presents summary finally plaintiff attorney opportunity sum plaintiff case final argument jury judge instructs jury concerning law applied case jury vary laws expressly stated judge instructions arguments law seldom court presented judge trial briefs prepared attorneys trial briefs attorneys present arguments law involved ask judge instruct jury manner favorable clients studying requested instructions parties judge makes decision law instructs jury judge attempt influence jury decision case
law require linda pay full promised pay higher rate interest law permits bargain illegal courts enforce legal rate interest varies kinds loans reason risk lender types loans look difference loans banks personal loan companies pawnshops check recent statute recent revisions interest rates allowed ordinary loans bank loans guarantee mortgage collateral secure repayment loan bank risk small cases rate interest low personal loan companies demand security charge higher rate interest legal rate percent common loans companies pawnbrokers run greater risk allowed charge higher interest usury laws protect consumer goods bought credit purchased payment plans truth lending act discussed fully unit step federal government consumer aware cost credit merchant lender clear buyer annual percentage rate installment sale loan
writing format satisfy statute frauds need formal consist things letter letters sales slip invoice telegram words written check sufficient writing identifies subject matter parties price terms respective intent parties contract contract signed party evidence means seeking enforce contract louise tucker signed tucker seeking enforce contract contract signed joyce waldie orally agreed buy land noyes hanscome gave hanscome check wrote check deposit property sylvan st total price hanscome signed check put bank account later demanded land court held oral contract enforceable words check satisfied requirements statute frauds words check identified subject matter parties price terms intent parties contract contract reduced writing important sure writing agreed parties
actions breach contract injured party permitted recover actual damage caused failure performance seller breaches contract sale goods measure damages difference market price buyer learned breach contract price incidental damages incidental damages reasonable expenses resulting breach incurred buyer yukio tanaka contract bookstore purchase encyclopedia set offered price store failed deliver set books according agreement investigation tanaka learned set books cost bookstore tanaka entitled sue actual damage difference expenses incurred getting books bookstore incidental damages damages agreed parties enter contract called liquidated damages parties include contract statement agreed damages case breaches contract agree damages sought event suit contract sale goods law requires liquidated damages reasonable young supply company ordered machine plant built sacramento
common law order give persons oppose marriage opportunity object notices forthcoming marriage required published posted notices called marriage banns requirement marriage banns published states today waiting period license issued period varies twenty hours days depending recently states waiting period altogether reasons waiting period requirement woman need reconsider decision marry addition waiting period allow evidence fraud force jest uncovered marriage banns interested parties parents prospective marriage partners opportunity object grounds blood test determine presence absence syphilis dangerous disease required marriage license issued states typical statute syphilis found noncommunicable stage parties informed nature disease possibilities transmitting infection marital partner children syphilis found communicable stage marriage license issued syphilis noncommunicable stage readily transmitted person communicable stage transmitted readily instances sexual contact
mentioned previously tenant quiet enjoyment premises rents tenant undisturbed possession property tenant provided pays rent commit continual waste violate provisions lease tenant things landlord bring action known dispossess proceeding evict tenant eviction occurs landlord court action deprive tenant physical possession premises evict tenant landlord obtain court order allowing landlord remove tenant law generally give landlord help remove tenant court generally appoint sheriff authorized officer carry order landlord wants collect rent states separate action brought money due states permit landlord attach lien tenant property rent owed constructive eviction occurs landlord breaches duties lease constructive eviction place landlord deprives tenant heat gas light electricity fundamental service called lease
types home ownership regulated part special laws mobile homes cooperative apartments condominium apartments examples special types home ownership laws governing types home ownership discussed mobile homes called trailers increasingly popular represent sizable portion dwellings country mobile homes advantages desirable areas permanent foundations special treatment mobile homes personal property jurisdiction real estate tax boards states passed legislation requiring special fees paid trailer residents fees addition usual highway license provide income mobile home owners providing schools services enjoyed citizens muriel joseph spevak purchased mobile home parked designated site compliance zoning regulations small home nearby assessed local tax office valuation including land spevak children attended public school family received benefits provided living area unlike neighbor pay real property taxes expense small annual registration fee charged mobile home owners small rental parking privileges disadvantages mobile home ownership
seller violated federal law warranty say exactly covered covered addition warranty say seller buyer event wrong set federal law types written warranties full warranty limited warranty full warranty defective product fixed replaced free reasonable complaint consumer unreasonable ship heavy product factory service warranty full warranty period mentioned warranty true regardless owns item breaks product fixed full warranty consumers choice getting product getting money warranty full warranty called limited warranty federal law labeled description goods part basis bargain creates express warranty seller warrants goods description suppose order televison set selecting catalog catalog set showed picture
federal trade commission established rules protect consumers order goods mail sellers ship goods say catalog advertisement shipment stated sellers ship goods days receiving order buyers cancel orders money returned limits met sellers notify buyers delay shipment give buyers free means answering sending postage paid postcard buyers notified delay shipment goods cancel order money agree shipping date received package mail ask federal laws consumers consider unordered merchandise gifts items paying kinds products legally mails prior consent consumer manufacturer free samples merchandise mailed charities asking contributions case free samples illegal senders attempt items send bills case goods mailed charities receiver feel moral obligation contribution return goods law require
common carrier engages transporting passengers called public carrier order distinguish carriers goods public carriers include transporters passengers persons companies purport serve public general examples railroad companies streetcar companies operators buses taxicabs steamboats ships ferries airplanes general rules apply carriers application vary circumstances involved denise swango bert lampert licensed cab drivers small town licenses meet arriving trains station train arrived hours previous train swango lampert frequently fail meet train questioned matter drivers defended ground passengers arrived train held valid excuse person ejected train conveyance reason prevented carrier accepting person passenger place common reason ejecting passenger failure pay fare carrier compelled carry passenger compensation person ejected person nuisance danger passengers threatens interests carrier carrier exercise considerable caution enforcing rule ejecting passenger sufficient offense
kinds stock issued corporations stock par stock par stock common stock preferred stock treasury stock watered stock stock stated articles incorporation stock par stock share stock par paid corporation share burke cady issued shares stock par share par stock issued corporation stated par stockholder owes corporation difference par price stockholder paid stockholder bought stock corporation paid full par later sell transfer price wishes stock issued par stock stock stated corporation sell par stock price chooses purchaser held additional purchase price states require corporations known public amount money actually raised sale par stock protection future creditors remember creditors look corporation payment corporation financial condition
public utilities defined businesses charged public interest historically common carriers hotels considered public utilities longer case today term businesses bring services homes local electric company telephone company gas company water company businesses think public utilities addition telegraph companies bus lines ferryboat companies dock companies pipelines features common businesses company enjoys kind favorable business position public definite interest operation control utility company companies engaged selling services goods relations public service companies relations corner grocer canned peas bought corner grocery store farther street buy think quality price lower company furnishing electricity neighborhood choice service offered pay rate charged company choice serve electric company public utility serve ask service utility service extended law utility demand deposit rendering service
properly drawn names executor executrix executor male executrix female personal representative estate named carry terms testator dies title personal property automatically assigned executor operation law duty executor dispose property provided title real property goes automatically testator heirs executor event property sold pay testator debts soon testator dies filed probate job probate court establish validity opposes probating simple matter heirs left contest litigation result properly proved probated judge authorizes executor charge property distribute according terms executor remains supervision court receive approval court estate distributed executor discharged court estate declared closed executor serve death illness reasons court appoint administrator administratrix perform duties
health field workers strive excellence excellence endanger patient nurse give correct medicine patient laboratory assistant report test results correctly dental assistant sterilize instruments correctly ambulance attendant move accident victim correctly performance correct disastrous effects patient patient benefit health care victim health worker find need dull human beings person patient reason patient present challenge patient routine procedures perform personalities patients involved provide endless variety greatest challenge health field provide patient health care promote patient requires concern patient person merely concern carrying procedures required physician plan care patient giving careful attention patient person challenge responsibility presently involved activities designed prepare future functioning health worker specific role
role play home role play church activities role play student health worker role play neighbor extent requires behavior confuse health worker role roles personal friends try free medical advice let trap confusing role health worker role friend run risk amateur doctor prepared diagnose advise laws limit medical practice licensed physicians type role confusion dangerous effective health worker process extends period requires effort student continuously career undertaking study making investment future hopefully study start lifetime process striving personal growth continuously evaluate habits modify order find effective behaviors personal career insight behavior grow tolerance ability accept hit learn relate ways promote understanding minimize misunderstandings unfavorable feelings
prejudice learned early commonly seen form consists negative feelings race subculture young child hears parents associates speak unkind terms members race influenced develop negative feelings behave undesirable members race adults cling early learnings re examine attitudes light knowledge personal experience find prejudice hold rational examination adults modify early learnings fact order behave rational humanistic adults adult continuously evaluate modify interests beliefs systems cling absorbed unthinkingly children continue live childish level interests influence behavior determine give attention enter decisions activities pursue occupations choose types recreation select leisure interests prepared forming effective relationships variety hours television watching offer interesting companionship
strong emotions especially negative dealt constructively destructive effects tension builds anger tension needs release patient makes angry throw bedpan attack patient physically desirable blow supervisor fair bottle anger home let loose family tension built anger help mow grass repair broken gate whip cake words energy generated anger constructive physical activity blow harm relations hold try deny existence fear dealt admitting fear extremely threatening situations action needed immediately dangerous situations common encounter situations arouse mild fear test oral report returning patient critical yesterday facing supervisor broken expensive instrument situations fear justified recourse deal situation effectively thinking carefully ahead prepare effective handling dreaded situation think situation find fear justified
change situation occur recognize modify patterns behavior order achieve adjustment situation change minor adapt awareness stress change period adjustment stressful unhappy wishing return situation successfully adapt soon uncomfortable gradually begin feel home situation preceding examples change likely encounter include job moving neighborhood change supervisors administration employing agency operational procedures policies major change face loss relatives friends degree disruption change usual pattern living dependent type change general adapting change requires acceptance situation conscious effort fit situation comfortably change involves tasks wise study situation carefully observe behavior pay close attention policies regulations consciously adopt general behavior patterns
illness threat adjustment interferes usual pattern living likely accompanied discomfort involve doubt outcome creates financial problems patients families react illness according degree threat represents adjustment poorer illness behavior patterns typical person illness easy difficult illness person adjusted show signs poor adjustment patient interestingly poorly adjusted person react improved behavior illness escape uncomfortable problems case illness protection deal daily problems individual sees threatening unable cope effectively person learned deal problems efforts finds illness frustrating techniques solving problems cure illness accustomed giving orders physician nurse laboratory assistant ray technician telling expected shift independent dependent person reacts adjustment threatened person reacts situations seeing threat challenge excitement
influence patient reactions illness cultural background patient foreign country poor command english needs careful explanations promote understanding instructions relieve fears patient religious beliefs influence dietary habits needs assurance beliefs respected patient minority group needs feel accepted needs important health worker patient minority groups conditioned experiences expect prejudice efforts show accepted arouse suspicion part room prejudice providing health services philosophy individual worth guide providing quality care patient experience creates mental set types experiences mental set influences perceive situations perceive situation influences react patient unfavorable experiences sickness health workers health agencies likely mental set influence perceive greater threat person unfavorable experiences patient set expect health workers coldly impersonal perceive coldness friendly worker set expect inefficiency care find examples inefficiency
miss student dietary aide program noticed patient asked things carried tray miss increasingly irritated responsibility wait patient decided room patient ask door spite haste mentioned head nurse told hurry makes patients feel ask miss tried walking patient room leisurely putting tray position asking surprised patient answered think miss haste getting room contributed patient anxiety distress felt ask things room fear help later busy miss found complete assignment quickly appearing calm unrushed dashing patients units egocentric illness means patient centered primary concern situation demanding behavior health workers families resent patients actually manifestation egocentric reaction illness
primary requirement getting coworkers role stay preparatory course helping understand role health worker accept position specific health agency clearly understand role agency hospitals job descriptions position job description role discussed person employs supervisor assume understanding role later misunderstandings employing agency permit perform procedures learned course workers appearing health field responsibilities clearly defined services levels workers division responsibilities based availability prepared workers level adequate supply professional workers technical level responsibility shortage professional workers exact role agency influenced functions agency community availability personnel clearly understand role accept employment understanding later complain role find agency offering position permit function wish seek employment role consistent educational preparation
aspect modern horticulture educational avocational purposes vegetable gardening flower gardening hobby professional horticulturists gardens provide enjoyable productive pastime retirement homes mental health institutions similar agencies learn flower arrangements bouquets items horticultural plants space permits grow gardens gain benefits physical mental activity horticulture important part economy dynamic need horticultural workers increasing support industries developed result growth horticulture addition providing approximately percent food supply major economic force modern horticulture industry economic impact retail florists garden centers nurseries handle millions dollars business local communities business generates local taxes jobs landscape turf businesses provide community service hire employees vegetable fruit industries encompass jobs production processing marketing food substances produced horticulture flower plant production west lower east coast florida generate major industries areas need businesses process store market horticultural products expanding expansion comes need trained workers type economic growth positive effects economy
landscape firms offer careers ranging landscape worker landscape designer construction supervisor superintendent salesperson manager person high school training likely hired worker job don workers includes helping prepare site landscaping planting trees shrubs laying sod constructing landscape sites gardens workers operate adjust maintain machinery ability drive truck operate snowplow northern states important ensure round employment landscape worker reports supervisor supervisor charge preparation landscape sites staking plants overseeing construction walks patios walls planning fertilizing weeding mowing general maintenance supervision workers large firms supervisor serve superintendent cases coordinate landscape crews landscape supervisors superintendents advance gaining skills knowledge experience cases received additional training landscape principles technical schools colleges landscape managers oversee firm entire operation manager responsible managing equipment personnel money firm ensuring quality manager owner secures landscape jobs firm landscape designer prepares plans landscape site designers highly trained able draw landscape plan recommend correct plants structures cases supervise construction landscape
plants variations stems called modified stems modified stems divided groups ground stems crowns stolons runners spurs tendrils thorns ground stems bulbs corms rhizomes tuber roots knowledge stem variations important plants parts helpful identifying plants propagating plants crucial growth existing plants leaves strawberry plant occur mass white colored stems compressed fleshy lump compressed stems called crown leaves flowers crown stem spurs stubby side stems shoot main stems woody plants spurs common fruit trees pears apples cherries spurs responsible flower buds trees spur start grow ordinary stem occur stolon defined horizontal stem lies top ground stolon capable forming roots node touches ground strawberry runners stolons distance nodes stolons stems nodes produce buds flowers striped spider plant stolons produce entirely plant
plant wilt roots water deliver rest plant fast water transpired plant plant recovers night called temporary wilting point permanent wilting point moisture content irreversible wilting occurs plant dies large amount water benefit plant limits plant water water problem soil saturated air longer plant roots plant begins die reason knowledge soil characteristics important providing plants soil drains holds water growth functions essential success growing plants fast water moves soil depends extent texture soil texture clay fine small size clay particles spaces particles small water moves clay soils slowly sandy soils larger pore spaces pore space determine rapidly water move soil determine water soil hold water moves soil carries dissolved nutrients
temperature affect reproductiveness plant depending basically warm cool season crop higher optimum temperature cool season crop spinach flower contrast lower optimum temperature tomatoes grow vegetation set fruit dealing temperature need optimum normal growing temperature crop growing specific instances temperature force flowers bulbs chrysanthemum produces proper flower buds controlled temperature mums flower longer environment daytime temperature course cool temperature especially mum inside house daffodils forced greenhouses temperature control early october daffodil bulbs planted boxes planters containers stored cool barns sheds coolers cool temperatures allow bulb mature growth occur bulbs transferred greenhouse midwinter growth begins greenhouse temperature optimum growth flowers ready cutting weeks experienced greenhouse operator optimum temperature control vegetative reproductive growth cycles greenhouse crops improper temperature result lost crop mean lost income low profit
reasons pruning mind skilled proper techniques single technique pruning technique depends plant reason pruning proper technique pruning includes usage proper pruning tools processes pruning technique familiar fruit growers called training fruit trees need strong limbs hold heavy loads fruit develop strong limbs begin pruning trees young main unpruned limbs grow strong easier remove unwanted limbs small removing unwanted limbs important exactly limbs prune figure illustrations limbs pruned pruned correctly left correct cut close tree trunk pruned limb trunk leaves stub decay later main tree trunk deteriorate stubs haven diseases training fruit tree ways fruit trees pruned figure illustrates method prune fruit tree properly requires removal considerable portion limbs person removing limbs reluctant prune
noticed tomato plant dry hot droopy needed water plants receiving water wilt droop soil plants warm dry touch plants wilted need water quickly severely damaged period water leaves turn yellow brown growth stop situation corrected weeks plant resumes normal growth severe wilting shock comparable trauma humans determine correct water plant waiting leaves wilt plant droop yes common procedure determining water potted plants feel surface soil soil damp plant watered soil dry plant watered plants checked daily need water hot days wise check potted plants morning afternoon determine water needed method horticulture determine plants need water water meter meter small battery produces electric current electrical current flows soil water conducts electricity moisture soil greater flow electricity
cultural control involves recommended agricultural practices interrupt cycle pests fall plowing place spring plowing exposes grasshopper eggs grubs freezing temperatures winter kills effective cultural control keeping area greenhouses orchards gardens clear trash lumber sacks dead vegetation help control pests pests hide trash piles spend winter trash area clear pests home crop residues weeds destroyed harbor pests keeping grass mowed orchards discourages mice rabbits strip bark young trees winter weed free greenhouses prevent pests moving weeds crop plants method cultural control planting crops times growing season insects problem egg laying period pest avoided carefully choosing planting times hession fly pest wheat avoided delaying planting wheat crop rotation cultural practice gardeners nursery operators crop planted spot prevents build pests disease organisms soil cultural control insects inexpensive easily incorporated management plan horticulture
beginning history grasshoppers destructive insect known humans grasshoppers times called locusts damage type crop including horticultural crops vegetables flowers ornamentals grasshoppers identified pair large powerful legs wings slender body capable hopping flying species grasshoppers harmful agriculture horticulture grasshoppers chewing mouth parts eat parts plants swarm grasshoppers completely devour crop famous seagull monument salt lake city utah commemorates occasion large flock seagulls consumed swarm grasshoppers seriously threatened crops vicinity poisoned baits stomach poisons bran water mixed control grasshoppers stomach poisons contact poisons spray form successfully plants infested grasshoppers number mechanical devices hopper catcher greatly reduce populations grasshoppers pastures hayfields group insects known true bugs include variety leaf bugs squash bugs chinch bugs bugs closely related human call cousins insects similar size shape times longer wide pairs wings antennae prevailing colors bugs green black red
greenhouses sizes shapes choosing greenhouse consider factors type greenhouse advantages disadvantages commercial greenhouses span greenhouses type greenhouse ends sidewalls roof slopes directions ridge highest point center greenhouse distance ridge eave sides greenhouse span greenhouse stands attached building commercial range greenhouses arranged angles corridor greenhouse space wide shadow greenhouse fall advantage span greenhouse uniform light exposure areas greenhouse large commercial operations number span greenhouses connected eaves walls greenhouses walls erected adjoining eaves greenhouses referred contiguous walls present open space area covered greenhouse structure referred ridge furrow greenhouse large areas economically covered roof ridge furrow contiguous greenhouse arrangement economical operate amount space number separate span greenhouses
floor greenhouse composed small stones porous concrete water absorbing material advantages type floor water retained relative humidity easier control entire floor solid concrete retains heat provide moisture maintain needed humidity winter months desirable construct aisles walkways concrete equipment moved benches greenhouse easier move equipment concrete concrete aisle muddy easy clean gravel stone place concrete packed space benches filled cm depth cm stones provide needed humidity prevent weeds growing aisles wide accommodate equipment greenhouse space valuable workroom called headhouse located greenhouse connected greenhouse headhouses located north side greenhouse avoid shading greenhouse headhouse benches bins storing soils fertilizers planting media cabinets locks storing pesticides located headhouse heating plant located headhouse let show number plant growing structures stated weaver
engine air gasoline produce combustible fuel mixture cycle engine oil mixed fuel important clean engine appears lose power operate irregular speeds fuel strainer inspected serviced small engines types fuel strainers line screen attached fuel pick hose screen fuel tank combination glass sediment bowl screen operator manual describe system engine service line screen simply shut fuel supply remove fuel line cup shaped screen flush screen clean solvent replace manufacturers recommend screen replaced element annually screen fuel tank serviced flushing clean solvent difficult remove reason element generally glass sediment bowl screen superior line fuel tank filter expensive limited larger engines glass bowl water trap inspected daily water dirt appears bowl fuel supply turned bowl removed washed care damage gasket bowl body strainer
things ms martinez needed determine need ground cover nursery starting type business step determine need business firms offering product service plan offer customers support business type business operate efficiently provide products services businesses type starting business determine type competition strong determine demand product service business successful sales wants buy product service soon business careful analysis community plan locate business help determine need think ms martinez determining need nursery specializing ground cover plants step determine bedding plant nurseries community ms martinez looked yellow pages telephone book identify nurseries community visit firms types plants grew
addition osha requirements number federal regulations owners horticulture businesses aware fair labor standards act federal law regulations concerning working hours conditions age ms martinez abide regulations states regulations concerning transportation horticulture plants lines california department food agriculture extensive regulations relate horticulture nursery stock plants seeds bulbs shipped california labeled address shipper plants grown ms martinez need aware regulation affect plants grows plant materials subject inspection freedom pests diseases arrive plants allowed shipped california citrus trees shipped california coming arizona regulations vary horticulture firms employ number workers proprietor responsibility hiring employees involves interviewing establishing pay rates line federal minimum pay standards deciding person persons hire owner firm tell hired hired employees hired owner assign jobs employees give directions accomplishing
ability fellow workers employer cooperation important responsibility horticulture employees proprietor business pays salary expect cooperation perform jobs assigned cheerful manner argue manager owner employees cooperate management employees soon advance saying put pay means employee hard earn pay entrepreneur profit unable pay employees hard money business productive implies quality quantity worker concentrate job matter type horticulture job involved emphasis performing outstanding job designing floral arrangements form scale color nearly perfect grafting fruit trees graft matched cambium layers employee garden shop concentrate learning products sold job person sense pride addition performing job employees concerned quantity horticulture jobs involve performing tasks extended period mowing greens picking vegetables transplanting starts pruning shrubs
favorable impression shop results receptionist desk neat organized maintain orderly appearance keeping magazines neatly stacked emptying ashtrays frequently tidying salon light dusting receptionist making sales slips collecting money balancing registers tallying receipts foundation mathematics important basic knowledge bookkeeping helpful receptionist adept figures learn salon system quickly salon opened business receptionist develop system salon obviously receptionist vital operation successful beauty salon job filled competent person receptionist professional behavior cooperative clients management staff emotionally stable sense humor receptionist start organized desk general office supplies pens pencils erasers stapler paper clips memo pads arranged appointment book appointment book centrally located easy recording appointment cards sales slip books easy reach client record folders orderly fashion ready operator salons money drawers cash registers handling payments money drawer exactly drawer sectioned compartments hold money
cosmetology offers possibility employment positions require full training cosmetologist cosmetician cosmetician person consumer expert advice cosmetics skin hair nails job evolved result increased manufacture beautifying cosmetics cosmetician offering important services consumer cosmetician responsibility bridge gap reality advertisement beauty aids means educating clients proper selection cosmetics formulated skin conditions product education reasons commercial advertisements products encouraged consumer buy cosmetics deliver benefits implied instances actually harmful customer product education consumer choose properly cosmetic consumers ignore directions package tendency blame product failure realize cosmetic ill chosen misused results waste money loss potential later sales dissatisfied customer cosmetician able eliminate problems technical expertise valuable asset cosmetician need information basic chemical composition cosmetics
lubricating skin cosmetics help maintain moisture balance skin designed provide essential moisturizing agents skin lacking natural oils protect skin harsh elements detergents weather neglect lubricating cosmetics availabble forms creme oil lotion basic difference consistency firmness thickness cremes solid oils heavy liquids lotions thin lightweight liquids formula determined amount quality concentrated material solute found cosmetic examples formulas lubricating cosmetics follows rich emollients sensitive skin types add needed moisture dehydrated skin condition skin relieving flaking chapping irritation nighttime moisturizer ultralight nongreasy emollients skin types replenish conserve moisture balance shield drying elements texturize skin surface cosmetic applications rich lightweight moisturizers skin types cover protect skin natural acid mantle nighttime treatments delicately formulated skin types provide moisture protection delicate eye area light emollients skin types lack natural oils deeply creased luxurious lubricating compounds skin types reduce friction irritation skin massage treatment rich emollient oils sensitive skin types beautifying treatment help moisture skin
special circumstances need discretion deciding treat skin problems cases eczema psoriasis mild acne limited skin care services client tell doctor salon treatment decide free ingrown hair deeply imbedded infected skin client frightened sight lamps skin care area special lamps skin therapy infrared lamp produces heat light light measured wavelengths collectively known spectrum visible light wavelengths composed colors rainbow prism longest waves red infrared refers heat producing waves infra red shortest waves violet ultraviolet actinic rays ultra violet differences significant length wave determines amount energy produced ultraviolet waves shorter greater capacity penetrate capable causing damage epidermis skin longer infrared rays capable producing heat massage method manipulating body tissue encourage maintain healthy condition properly relaxing stimulating increase blood circulation basic methods massage manual mechanical
feelings client result facial treatment major benefit salon details room layout color scheme physical arrangement equipment material influence client emotional skin treatment room mainstream salon activity permits greater privacy quiet soft music subtle lighting help eliminate noises put client restful mood sanitized conditions cleanliness important giving skin treatment possibility causing spreading infection skin treatments consuming concerned preparation efficient provide superior service important maintain uninterrupted treatment service begun services effective client comfortable need consider cushioning neck lower knees areas subject pressure folded towel piece padded foam covered clean towel adequate times close client face rule sure offend foul body breath odors prevented means personal professional hygiene rule practice controlling breathing constantly exhaling client face achieved taking deep breath exhaling nose mouth closed
nails composed keratin affected environment summer heat sun nails grow faster cold nails dry brittle common brittle split nails constant wetting drying nail plate exposure water chemicals improper nutrition poor health prevent nails getting nourishment need growth physical injury nail improper growth matrix damaged permanent damage loss nail important careful protect growth zone giving manicure excesssive rubbing nail plate buffing improperly burning sensation nail bed lunula age affects condition nails young nails firm bright age advances nails tend lose brightness grayish opaque lunula tends smaller disappear longitudinal striations common change nail plate surface nail plate round glassy appearance condition called watch glass nails condition caused age known koilonychia produces rippling nails general decreases tissue water body function primary contributing factors finger toe nail considerably valuable nail
quality hairpiece influenced type hair material manufacture hair goods human animal hair synthetic fibers look natural hair human hair obtained european oriental indonesian european hair preferred expensive source animal hair obtained goats horses yaks human hair graded according quality hair cut directly human considered grade expensive obtained brushing combing considered grade obviously hairpieces human animal hair natural looking soft texture easier style require specialized care cleansing styling synthetic hair goods artificial nonporous fibers designed look hair fibers trade names dynel modacrylic kanekalon synthetic hair goods processed colors hair forms appeal primarily inexpensive purchase easy maintain synthetic fibers lack stretching ability natural hair limiting styling possibilities fiber structure tendency look artificial result glossy finish basic methods constructing hair goods hand tied machine methods hand tied hair goods knotting strands hair individually mesh base
help learn stem direction let refer face clock hours serve general directions forward remaining hours serve intermediate angles combined directions combined directions stem direction base combined stem direction moves determine happens directions combine semicircular arched base produced portion hair strand molded semicircles circular shapes produces wave form shapes determine width strength width refers diameter curl distance ridges size circle wave form actual proportions small medium large strength resiliency refers holding power wave form determined hair ability maintain set form strength wave form largely dependent size larger size circle lower strength wave instances size circle proportion size base stem circle possesses direction mobility
thermal relaxing technique temporarily controlling curly super curly hair referred hot comb press thermal relaxing removing curls heat tension relax natural styling super curly hair combined thermal curling service styling hairpiece basic relaxing techniques thermal relaxing soft press refers relaxing curl side hair strand stroke referred single press hard press refers relaxing curl upper side undersides stroke refers relaxing hair strand thermal comb thermal iron referred double press technique results maximum control curl chart provided serve guide thermal relaxing services skills involved relaxing hair thermal comb include preparing testing thermal implements conditioning hair applying thermal styling lotion electric implements difficult plugged socket turned switch thermostatically controlled testing white paper towels unnecessary nonelectric thermal implements heated thermal heater operation basic produces high temperatures important safely thermal heater thermostatically controlled need test thermal implement prior application
hair shaping techniques wigs hairpieces regular head hair major difference shaping wig requires basic skills wig fitting fitting wig process measuring wig head purpose accurately fitting wig head accurate fitting fitting wig sets easily firmly perimeter hairline average amount volume proper wig fitting achieved methods including alterations darts tucks sizing wig shrinking stretching darts vertical seams sewn base wig adjust fit tapering thinning size darts head control excess length crown area reduce excess volume temple area control width tucks horizontal folds sewn base wig adjust length wig shortening base tucks primarily nape area ears shrinking means reducing size wig exposing wig combination moisture heat base contract shrinking helps control base hug head firmly stretching means enlarging general size wig damaging construction
specific types applications initial application retouch application initial virgin application describes hair exposed chemical service oxidation process virgin hair hair physically chemically altered permanent manner retouch applications refer applications growth processed hair average amount initial retouch application approximately months vary depend factors degree natural curl amount curl reduction desired expense include cost initial application include number retouch applications needed regular basis analysis consultation opportunity determine client client hair react relaxing compounds ways questioning client past experiences performing predisposition allergy test performing strand test tests important practices relaxing compounds highly caustic capable severely harming skin tissue instances client volunteer information helpful indicator skin sensitivity case responsibility precautions learning positive reaction ask client previous reactions type skin hair cosmetic
responsibilities chemical waving operator basically chemical relaxing operator major benefit hot cold chemical waving clients opportunity choose wide range hair designs hair shapings hair designs require firm support chemical wave firm support greater curl control lasting hair design help client manage hair easily hairstyles hand need support support referred body body mean styling strength resiliency give appearance thicker hair chemical waving convenient eliminates consuming grooming styling practices important lead active lives incapable styling hair expense involved chemical waving service depends frequently service average conservative performance wave determined factors amount curl wave pattern length hair general hair condition expense chemical wave service based chemical compounds setting pattern desired final benefit chemical waving safe chemical waving agents applied hair molecular structure temporarily altered
electricity charges object negatively positively electric charge movable disappears touches objects metals solutions permit electric charges transferred called conductors materials wood silk rubber plastic wax oil permit transfer charge called insulators negative charges known electrons positive charges known protons matter electrons protons attract repel ordinarily amount electrons protons object equal special conditions dry weather hear feel transfer electrons dark room lights shuffle feet carpet synthetic fibers minute index finger carefully touch metal conductor movement electricity seen snappy blue white spark heard crack electric charges picked carpet concentrated fingertip noticed spark jump touched object due phenomenon called induction charges nature wanting move induced forced balanced familiar electricity lightning called static electricity electrons remain motionless part static electricity source energy
electrotherapy applied devices produce kinds current current transmitted client wires electrodes attached electrodes metal rods held hand raked hair applied directly skin direct current dc produces constant flowing electrical current travels direction alternating current ac produces current periodically flows direction reverses flows opposite direction electrotherapy types currents galvanic faradic sinusoidal galvanic current constant low frequency direct current general stimulates muscles move produce chemical passes body faradic current pulsating low frequency direct current similar alternating current controlled device intermittent flow current electric impulses rhythmic contractions muscles general faradic current stimulates muscles nerves sinusoidal current alternating current gradually rhythmically rises peak falls starting point low frequency current general bring mild muscular movement relaxing especially important cosmetologist electrical appliances safely avoid dangerous situations shock occurs current flows body electrical accidents result current flowing source hand feet hand hand
organs structures skull neck supplied oxygen nutrients rich dense blood supply major arteries head neck common carotid arteries aorta extend sides neck reach point adam apple divide external carotid internal carotid external carotids surface superficial divide main branches smaller smaller blood deeper internal carotids distributed brain eyes forehead nose skin treatment operator concerned primarily external carotid arteries branches named according areas supply blood external maxillary branches submental chin labial lips transverse facial artery turn crosses face transverse means supplying blood masseter supraorbital eye frontal arteries branch external carotid internal carotid arteries blood returns heart branching networks veins close arterial branches veins names arteries parallel exception primary vein jugular common carotid arteries branches external internal jugular experienced twitching sensation eyelid result involuntary muscle eyelid orbicularis oculi excited nerve face
need recipe put number foods end successful dish foods need put amounts taco hot pepper dry tough hamburger secret successful cooking ingredients cooked amounts ingredients foods recipe recipe guide help prepare food tell kinds ingredients exact amounts ingredients ingredients listed order prepare recipe makes recipe easier follow step step instructions preparing recipe type size pan recipe fit size pan sure size called temperatures needed prepare food instructions simmer chill length cook food number servings yield look sample recipe page information give information recipe recipes give information need leave step step instructions guess give exact amounts food
care appliance carefully serve appliance piece equipment home powered gas electricity types home appliances major small major appliances large connected place range refrigerator small appliances portable carried electric outlet range surface cooking units broiler oven gas range surface units called burners electric range units heat surface units adjusted high low ranges dials adjust heat pushbuttons heat settings heating unit broiler located top compartment food cooks direct heat unit electric range broiler oven broil oven baking gas range broiler separate compartment oven side conventional oven heating unit bottom hot air flows circulates pan oven cooking food food begins cook heat moves slowly center food cooks inside brown
bacteria grow fastest room temperature fresh cooked food room temperature hot food hot serve hot left hot oven case helpings wanted food wanted store immediately refrigerator let sit counter table cool harmful bacteria grow rapidly conditions cold food cold serve cold let cold food sit room temperature outdoors hot store refrigerator ready serve soon served put leftovers refrigerator going picnic pack hot food insulated container hot pack cold food separate insulated container ice cold allow food sit sun hot car bacteria grow store frozen food freezer thaw store foods need refrigeration milk eggs cheese meat wash fresh vegetables needed storing refrigerate immediately vegetables potatoes yams sweet potatoes onions refrigerated wash store cool dark place cabinet basement wash fresh fruits citrus fruits berries storing
broil young chickens turkeys chickens weigh kg pounds turkeys kg pounds poultry split half lengthwise cut quarters broiling vary depending size bird place chicken halves pieces skin side broiler pan grid brush melted butter margarine season salt pepper herbs spices place broiler pan top chicken cm inches heat halfway cooking period turn chicken tongs brush melted fat continue broiling total broiling minutes depending size pieces place turkey pieces skin side broiler pan grid brush turkey melted butter margarine season salt pepper herbs spices desired place pan broiler top turkey cm inches heat halfway cooking period turn turkey pieces baste juices pan continue broiling total broiling minutes depending size pieces chicken turkey panfried oven fried pour cm inch cooking oil melted shortening large heavy skillet
tender cuts meat poultry stock cut meat poultry pieces give flavor meat soup bones marrow marrow thick protein inside bones bones add flavor richness wash meat bones want rich brown stock brown meat bones oven put meat bones large pot cover add water cover meat bones bring water boil lower heat simmer half hour foamy scum form surface remove fine strainer scum removed add seasonings vegetables according recipe directions vegetables carrots celery onions parsley turnips garlic give flavor herbs bay leaf thyme cover pot let simmer hours slow cooking extracts flavors meat vegetables makes meat tender remove meat serve separately hearty soup strain broth remove small pieces overcooked vegetables cooked scum serve broth base making hearty soup homemade broth hearty soup save convenience forms broth canned bouillon cubes
fresh fruits excellent snacks served dips entertaining flavorful nutritious desserts fruits apples peaches plums pears eaten skins wash unpeeled fruit carefully eat dirt bacteria clinging illness fresh fruits cut smaller pieces serving cut fruits turn brown quickly fruits high amount acid grapefruit oranges brown cut acid prevents browning cut fruit turning brown coat lemon grapefruit orange juice buy ascorbic acid mixture prevents darkening fruit cut fruit sharp knife cutting board fruit cut halves wedges slices serve canned fruits sure serve juices fruits packed juices syrup canned fruit high sugar syrup frozen fruits canned cooked frozen fruits soft lose shape completely thawed serve thaw completely ice crystals remain fruits hold shape serve dried fruits snack place candy fruits cooked give variety meals cooking affects fruits ways
types cakes shortened unshortened chiffon cakes combination successful results cake recipe mix ingredients according recipe directions shortened cakes called butter cakes fat butter margarine shortening flour salt sugar eggs liquid shortened cakes leavened baking powder baking soda acid sour milk fruit juice methods mixing shortened cakes conventional quick mix called bowl making cakes preheat oven temperature recipe prepare pans directed recipe cream fat sugar mixing bowl beat eggs sift dry ingredients add dry ingredients liquids creamed mixture begin end dry ingredients add dry ingredients thirds liquids halves keeps mixture separating add liquid mixture separate curdle mix ingredients blended batter thick smooth overmix batter cake tough dry coarse grain combine flour sugar shortening part milk large mixing bowl blend hand mixer mix remaining ingredients batter thick smooth check color top evenly browned
put tablecloth placemats table flatware dinnerware cm inch edge table place dinner plate center cover food served plates kitchen allow space cover plate flatware arranged piece farthest plate eat begin flatware farthest plate place forks left dinner plate need forks salad fork dinner fork place eat salad main course salad fork place dinner fork left dinner plate salad fork left dinner fork place knife plate blade facing plate put spoons knife place bread butter plate directly forks left dinner plate put butter knife top bread butter plate put napkin left forks folded edge farthest forks napkin picked corner edge unfolded easily space crowded napkin plate place plate plate
countries guidelines table behavior rules called table manners etiquette vary parts knives forks spoons eating mainly europe north america parts central south america africa pancake bread carry food mouth bread torn bite size pieces wrapped piece food scoop mexico bread tortilla ground corn east africa bread injera millet type grain food customs based religious beliefs instance members islam faith known moslems muslims eat food bare fingers hand common method eating africa parts soviet union southeast asia arabia orient eat chopsticks consist slender pieces wood cm inches held hand pick food parts tradition demands eat women children eat left united states developed set rules table behavior rules strict recently styles casual informal
mountain streams ponds fresh water similarities compare land environments pond mountain stream forest desert pond water warm mountain stream fed melting snows ice cold pond stagnant water mixed churned ponds fed water creeks seepage ground water surrounding land mountain stream rushes valleys mixed violently thrown air churned swift flow rocks water mixed amount air mountain stream crystal clear pond generally muddy suppose happen took living creatures pond put swiftly flowing mountain stream thing swiftness stream simply wash obviously creatures able live mountain streams say organisms pond adapted pond environment adapted kind environment found mountain stream point study hypothesis offer explain difference difference inherited
undoubtedly tides oceans ocean water rises shores produce high tides occurs sea water floods low lying rocks ocean level drops gradually leaves low lying rocks standing water hollow areas rocks sea water remains pockets small pools played tidal pools rich variety organisms kinds live tidal pools living things animals plants animals rooted rocks look plants look animal shown photograph called sea anemone anemone kind flower thought animal looked flower gave sea anemone related fresh water hydra jellyfish anemone lives base attached rock tentacles spread tentacles large numbers stinging cells small fish sea animal touches tentacles part stinging cell shoots paralyzes prey tentacles bend guide tiny animal mouth opening lies center tentacles
imagine flying jet airplane place greenland north arctic circle suppose fly southwest greenland canada northwest hudson bay turn south enter united states west lakes continue illinois going south orleans southeastward south america end journey directly equator north amazon river brazil plane stayed altitude trip greenland climate living communities expect find word biome group animal plant typical climate scientists speak desert biomes tropical rain forest biomes climate greenland plants animals found call arctic biome norsemen discovered island greenland gave coasts green rim land edge sea green fourths greenland surface covered permanent ice meters feet thick summer northern greenland sun shines setting months plants grow thin rocky soil coast mosses lichens especially lichens called reindeer moss cover ground ice
body cells learned extremely small packed closely foods eat meats vegetables mountainous size compared cells food sources energy matter obviously body generally food form swallowed glucose similar food digestion foods broken digestive system large chunks food broken particles small carried cells accomplished digestion food complicated food broken mechanically changed soluble form form dissolves water body fluids water carry dissolved food means blood stream cells body food broken molecules dissolve body fluids occurs necessarily mean molecules body cells recall entire lining digestive tract unbroken membrane epithelial tissue structure cell body unbroken membrane molecules enter cells able pass membranes molecules large pass membranes
difference body structure animals plants animal cells tissues tissues organs organs organ systems nervous system digestive system studied organization plants cells course higher plants tissues call roots stems leaves tree organs structures tissues special jobs tree organ systems comparable animals botanists consider higher green plant organized main systems roots root system ground stems leaves shoot system ground clearly plants variety tissues organ systems animals separate tissues plant according functions plant cells specialize producing tissues cells divide cell cells dividing cells build tissues reproducing cells lie definite layers regions plant call growth tissue kind growth tissue found tips roots stems growth tissue tips roots stems called meristematic tissue
stems root grows length tip living tip root composed actively dividing cells extreme tip root thick walled dead cells called root cap root cap acts shield protect living cells root grows pushes soil outer cells root cap worn cells produced actively dividing cells lie root cap area cells function divide produce root cells pushes growing root soil actively dividing tissue tips stems branches dividing tissue meristematic tissue actively dividing cells leave cells layer cells divides dividing layer pushed soil added length root tip region cells mature region root hairs develop epidermal cells root hairs live develop rapidly live days weeks die root tip grows forward root hairs develop place hairs dying absorption water dissolved minerals occurs chiefly root hairs absorption water plant occurs mainly root tips
live sea find group algae organization sea lettuce ulva ulva bright green sheet cells layers thick base find cells specialized thread cells act hold plant rocks cells called holdfasts mentioned earlier holdfast cells colorless ulva multicellular algae unlike protococcus euglena spirogyra describe differences thousands kinds multicellular algae range microscopic filamentous threads spirogyra seaweeds giant seaweed commonly called kelp rivals size large tree green chlorophyll masked pigments contained cells seaweeds kelp brown brown algae reddish color red algae large seaweeds fucus large multicellular holdfasts anchor plants sand rocks water stemlike structure growing holdfasts bearing leaflike blades blades floats bladders filled air floats function hold food manufacturing blades water surface light algae find progression unicellular organism multicellular organism whichever algae study including large seaweeds holdfasts stemlike structures leaflike blades find true stem stem conducting tissue xylem phloem
rusts named spores form red rusty looking spots leaves stems host plants parasitize rusts peculiar habit parasitizing kinds plants alternate plants parasitize black stem rust wheat plants produces absorbing structures live stems leaves wheat plants summer produce orange colored spots surfaces leaves stems spots course spores spores infect wheat plants late summer special winter spores produced remain wheat plant winter germinate spring newly germinated fungus plants produce crop spores spores develop alternate host common barberry plant barberry spores germinate send hyphae cells barberry leaves spores finally develop barberry plant spring carried air wheat plants germinate start wheat infection rusts alternate hosts rid wheat rust getting rid wheat thousands kinds rusts smuts mildews rots parasitize plants animals immune parasitic fungi type disease called ringworm caused fungus
coal mainly element carbon strange ages coal formed collectively called carboniferous period plants carboniferous period representatives subphyla tracheophytes subphylum lycopsida included giant club mosses extinct abundant fossil record giant club mosses lepidodendron grew meters feet high meter feet diameter lepidodendron neighbors living moist forests carboniferous period helped form coal beds left fossil imprints nearby rock layers fossil imprints found frequently coal lycopsida left descendants small club mosses living today lycopodium selaginella mosses ferns puny survivors club mosses reproduce spores lycopodium bears spores clublike structures tops upright stalks selaginella bears spores tips branches common plant related lycopsida horsetail equisetum horsetails part subphylum sphenopsida seen horsetails growing dry soil meadows railroad embankments strange heads called strobili carry spores horsetails commonly known scouring rushes past scouring large amount silicon element sand bodies
let designed internal parasite parasitic worm tapeworm actually spend intestines animal secures food digested form host kinds tapeworms kind common cattle called beef tapeworm tapeworms flat ribbon shaped worm body sections tapeworms mentioned earlier grouped phylum flatworms end tapeworm head suckers suckers attach wall host intestine parasite passed host body head smaller sections small sections grow larger larger small sections formed neck region head small narrow sections head youngest part worm large wide sections end oldest advantage arrangement later look drawing mature section tapeworm study drawing labeled parts digestive system digestive structures mature section parasite invented needed parasite simply absorbs digested food walls cells
characteristic jointed legs distinguishes arthropods invertebrates arthropods kind skeleton skeleton exoskeleton arthropod exoskeleton forms tough jointed suit armor thin flexible animals flies spiders animals beetles lobsters thick rigid exoskeleton obviously protects soft body underneath injury serves animal drying support bones body attachment muscles bones grow body grows bone living tissue bone tissue formed needed arthropod exoskeleton hand living tissue cells substance secreted liquid quickly hardens suspect hard armor creates problem growing arthropod small young arthropod grow large adult arthropod body covered tough unstretchable armor difficulty solved arthropods splitting protective armor crawling arthropods shed exoskeletons process called molting times grow mature arthropod molts secrets thin flexible exoskeleton inside exoskeleton splits top surface animal slowly crawls armor
thought mollusk clam higher invertebrate studied large octopus squid assumed readily mollusks higher invertebrates size necessarily indication complexity development study arthropods concept increasing complexity basis classifying arthropods higher invertebrates easier understand read consider carefully facts arthropods believe facts support statement arthropods highly developed invertebrates arthropods largest varied phylum animal kingdom largest class arthropods class insecta eighteen times species insects species entire vertebrate phylum belongs insects vary tremendously body form distinguishing characteristic class adults legs bodies adult insects divided parts head thorax abdomen grasshopper fairly typical insects young insects look adults young insects bees flies butterflies look tiny worms grasshopper insects simple eyes pair compound eyes grasshopper biting chewing mouth parts insects sucking mouth parts insect antennae sensitive smell touch
breeder dogs danes pretty knows business breeds male female heredity knows words counts dna code dog express proper environment dogs develop beautiful strong vigorous danes expects breeder expect danes produce spaniels poodles bloodhounds terriers counts dna stable dna stable account variety dogs account variation exists single variety dog instance poodle answer question need hundred gregor mendel published think acclaimed radio tv system reporting scientific journals today generally speaking scientist communicate quickly results scientists summarized short forms called abstracts published special journals today truly significant discovery mendel circulated quickly mendel awarded nobel prize wasn devries correns von tschermak rediscovered mendel paper small journal confirmed carried investigations
assume study painting horses person painted intelligent knowledgeable painted ago france dress artist ago modern suit shirt tie give modern haircut pass streets modern speak language stop staring ways modern lives remain stalwart face speeding automobiles zooming planes wonder changed environment environment doubt live groups tribes compounds villages towns cities counties states nations longer wrest livelihood directly environment specialize things early farmers ranchers grow food truckers railroad transport food regulate spinning machines tailors clothing miners oilmen secure fuel engineers electricity goes problems town fundamental problems survival changed million struggled survive environment fed enemies
compound microscope rugged instrument optical instrument care understood avoid damaging teacher show microscope care instructions basic studied care reading refer picture labeled parts microscope mounted weighted base stability upper part microscope attached base upper part tilted students teachers prefer tilt microscope comfortable viewing eyepiece observing wet mount specimens learn prepare later section tilt microscope modern microscopes constructed eyepiece permanently tilted angle microscope cover dust optical system carry microscope upright position hand grasping arm hand resting base optical system microscope includes ocular lens system eyepiece lenses mounted tube eyepiece removed tube fits teacher directs part optical system objective lens system
mean dog liked show liked show smart liked dog dog smart tricks dog met alligator dog tricks dumb alligator dog watch trick dog jumped air turned times ho ho dog couldn dumb alligator alligator sat looked dog dog trick dog stood foot sang song ho ho couldn dumb alligator alligator sat looked dog dog tricks trick ho ho couldn dumb alligator alligator sat looked dog alligator think dumb alligator trick alligator ate dog trick don bob lived strange forest strange animals forest strange animal moop moops animals hair pets don bob pet moops
chief called bear indian boys village chief going horse race boy wins race horse rides horses standing field village spotted horses brown horses white horses gray horse wanted ride gray horse run chief remember whisper horse ear horse run fast bear listened chief chief boy ride horse big hill wins race boys ran field village bear fell boys ahead boys jumped horses took brown horses spotted horses white horses horse left gray horse bear jumped horse whispered horse ear horse started run wind gray horse started pass horses passed white horses spotted horses soon passed horses big white horse fast hawk riding horse fast hawk saw bear fast hawk started yell horse
sid worked boss sid boss gave board sid boss sid need board board sid boss sid picked board board looks size board sid gave board boss boss mad boss board size board sid yes size boss took ruler measured board boss board inches boss measured sid board boss look ruler tell board boss pointed end board read number ruler sid read number forty boss means board forty inches board thirty inches boards size sid yes board gave size board boss jumped watch stood boards end
sid knew measuring length inches feet yards miles didn measure didn measure temperature speed weight sid learned temperature boss sid re going paint house careful hot paint dry fast sid want find hot boss sid stood sun minutes inside pretty hot boss hot boss asked sid told pretty hot boss mad jumped measure hot boss measure temperature measure temperature sid yes boss measure temperature sid looked measure temperature picked yardstick held yardstick sun ten minutes ran inside yardstick boss want hot boss sid feel end yardstick hot boss boss stood head minute
rule change size pile add parts pile parts pile change size pile move parts pile change size pile add parts pile parts pile blocks pile add block pile change size pile block pile change size pile pile change size pile moved parts pile count blocks blocks pile pile change size pile blocks pile pile pile sand pile grains sand grain part pile let say move parts push pile pile looks change number parts pile change size pile add parts parts let cup sand pile
pile white blocks blocks pile blocks pile pick pile white blocks add red block bottom pile white blocks added red block bottom pile white blocks moved pile blocks bigger added red block bottom yes pile bigger added block pile bigger pile pile block bigger kind pile pile white blocks red block white blocks pile add white blocks moved white blocks let pile blocks red blocks pile count blocks pile happen add block pile blocks pile add block pile pile bigger bigger pile add block pile pile block bigger let add black block bottom pile red blocks pile bigger
sid felt pretty thought knew units measuring knew seconds minutes hours didn days boss sid sitting shack boss looked boss looked tree road boss tree dead re going cut sid walked saw ax ready boss looked sid boss didn hear sid cut tree ready sid boss mad jumped passed minute passed sid asked boss sid boss eat lunch minutes eat lunch tomorrow pass eat lunch today eat lunch tomorrow sid let understand morning tomorrow morning pass morning tomorrow morning boss
look picture boys running boy running faster boy find boy shirt boy shirt running miles hour front boy find boy shirt boy shirt running miles hour boy shirt boys running speed ways speed faster boy run slower slower boy run faster let faster boy run slower boy faster boy shirt boy shirt boy fast boy shirt running ten miles hour fast boy running miles hour add speed faster boy speed speed speed faster boy run miles hour miles hour ten want end miles hour
sid knew measure speed things miles hour didn fast things sid learned speed sid boss sitting front shack rabbit ran sid look rabbit going miles hour boss asked ninety miles hour kidding rabbit going fast sure sid going ninety miles hour boss started mad rabbits run miles hour sid asked run miles hour boss truck run truck fast run sid boss took truck road country sid truck ready run miles hour start running boss sid started run legs fast pushed ground feet hard push truck sid boss sid re running miles hour sid tried run faster couldn finally stopped tired boss truck
things shoes clothes books cars wagons bikes cavemen lived thousands thousands ago things guns bows arrows rugs dressers chariots achilles lived cavemen achilles lived things ladders chariots ships bows arrows lived war troy things today cars trains guns telephones televisions kind lamps today torches light achilles lived thousands ago lived ago things didn cars trucks didn telephones radios televisions didn things knew going learn things sure things elephant boy tree house yes
invent object idea object makes object shows works inventions inventions invention invention want television invention wanted television telephone invention wanted telephone invention invention won want invent bike wheels round invention wouldn want bicycle wheels round invents invention want invention going invention person invented telephone didn hundreds hundreds telephones wanted telephone inventor shows invention works say copies invention copies wants invented radio showed radio worked radios wants person makes copies invention called inventor called manufacturer makes copies invention
sid boss nail factory factory manufactured nails boss sid factory buy ten big boxes nails boss sid inside factory stopped big furnace huge pot inside furnace pot big boss truck sid watched pot started tip started spill pot liquid pot looked liquid fire bright sid look wow sid re pouring light bulbs pot boss pouring light bulbs liquid hot hot metal metal sid metal hard boss sid wrong metal pouring metal liquid hot heat metal melt turn liquid sid boss walked hot liquid liquid metal started cooler red hot block sid boss funny machine machine took big block hot metal pushed hole metal hole toothpaste comes toothpaste tube sid watched metal coming hole
henry ford parked model ford walking factory waiting factory jobs want ford factory hungry ford factory job going sick going fired guard door factory guards guards beat workers workers trouble tell tired stop working rest assembly line ford cars built assembly line frame car starts engine put frame wheels put frame seats put frame body put frame car finished minutes means fast special job bolt engine put seats body put seats body cars bolt engine cars assembly line cars
pressure push place high pressure big push place low pressure small push liquids gases move place high pressure place low pressure pressure standing room air sides air pushing air pushing front head head pushing chest legs feet feel pressure air body air pushing body water water pushes body feet water feel push water ears face feet water pressure water greater feet water feet water pressure water rule water pressure water top weighs pressure part body weight water top pressure body let say feet water
water evaporates goes air molecules water float air air hold water rule hot air hold water cold air show rule true look inside window cold covered drops water water windows air inside house hot air house cold windows cold cold windows degrees air inside house degrees water air inside room water washed dishes hot water evaporated air took bath hot water evaporated air pot coffee water evaporated hot coffee water air air inside room degrees air touches window air starts colder hot air hold water cold air air touching window cold hold water water comes air starts form drops water window drops water form rug table room
sound travels fast clap hands sound clap goes faster speeding car fast car travels mile minute minute sound travel miles show sound travels fast need friend help need hammer board walk steps friend call tell hit board hit board hear sound hammer hitting board moment hear sound hammer hammer hit board hammer hit moment later hear hammer hit sound hammer travels board ears takes sound travel board ears moved farther friend sound longer reach ears sound travel farther let say bird friend let say bird goes tweet friend hits board sound hammer hitting board louder tweet sounds move faster sound sounds move speed
sun mountains ted father started climb matterhorn walk slopes slopes steeper steeper ted father taught climbing mountains father taught hammer foot holes side mountain ted father ted step step ted pitons mountain climbers put ted father pitons put slowly air getting cold ted looked father father looked smiled rope tight father ted pulled rope tight happened rope started slip ted fell hundreds feet space pulled rope pulled hard stopped falling hanging air safe father asked yes ted hurt hand pulled rope ted father looked pointed narrow ledge fifty feet ted ledge look hand father father hammered piton rock tied end rope piton
strong light farther weak light light sun sun million miles light match million miles light match moves fast light sun thousand miles light travels thousand miles think minute hour clear night light traveling space longer hour look star seeing star looks light look star traveling space light left star ago traveled space traveled thousand miles traveled reached eyes light left stars traveling space million think light traveling speed thousand miles million look stars seeing light left stars million ago remember learned light light travels faster sound light travels speed thousand miles
didn muscles couldn move wouldn able move fingers wouldn able turn head wouldn able walk understand muscles start bones body joints bones joint bone upper arm bones lower arm joint bone upper leg bones lower leg joints skeleton find elbow joint upper arm lower arm bend fingers joints bones show bones muscles nail boards attach top board table top board move bottom board swing boards bones arm top board bone upper arm bottom board bone lower arm nail holds boards joint elbow let rubber band move bottom board picture shows rubber band stretched picture shows rubber band stretched nails boards
remember learned muscles muscle works rubber band stretched muscle works pulls shorter shorter moves part body muscle body job muscle thing works pull shorter muscles body look picture figure muscles muscle move bottom bone moves bottom bone muscle move bottom bone moves bottom bone let say muscles leg let say want move leg muscle muscle works muscle works move leg muscle happen muscle muscle working pulling leg move muscle trying move leg muscle pulling leg wouldn move rule muscle works muscle relaxes muscle relaxes working pulling muscle move bone
linda kathy island linda stop crying kathy smart heads linda pointed trees beach coconut trees sister coconuts eat girls ran trees started looking coconuts ground covered bugs rotten girls looking found coconuts girls cracked open rocks ate coconut meat linda trees full coconuts think getting trees tall climb kathy coconuts high linda sat started think idea think monkeys help girls walked beach place monkeys trees monkeys making lot noise jumping running trees let mad linda walked trees monkeys lot noise mother monkeys picked babies started yell linda chu chu chi chi tee linda face monkeys madder madder
earth ball hot liquid rock millions later earth cooler skies covered clouds dark night raining rain comes dirt earth trees rock rock liquid form rock solid form rock hot stove rain hits hot rock water hot turns steam steam goes cool air comes rain rain rain rain rain runs rocks oceans water picks salts tiny bits metal rock water carries bits salts metal ocean raining rain carried salt metal ocean ocean water salty water ocean warm ocean salty warm blood body fish ocean weeds kind ocean living things ocean millions millions living things
ago dinosaur walking mud shore lake dinosaur caught mud sank soon water died rain fell rain washed dirt lake dirt piled top dinosaur meat dead dinosaur bones left thousands thousands ocean covered place lake ocean sea animals animals shells animals died shells sank bottom sea shells sand piling seashells sand piled mud bones pile top animals bigger bigger thousands seas place lake dry land lake floor sea dry land thousands rain fell land top bones rain washed ground millions millions dinosaur died lake dirt rock shells top bones washed
sally tom boys girls picnic ground halfway mountain walking home walked mountain town distance sally tired tom let rest let kids ahead catch later tom don think idea going dark pretty soon lost silly sally follow path goes town matter scared scared tom sat rock path scared getting dark quiet side mountain quiet tom looked sally sally looked tom looked town lights town coming tom kids mountain cool breeze blowing side mountain suddenly sound crrrrsssskkk tom jumped wh tom heard sound crrrrsssskkk saw flash sky landed side mountain looked big metal pill big
tom sally ocean distance sailing ship sally don think tom stepped machine shack shore tom started hill shack fat standing shack wearing funny pants robe called tom tom couldn understand tom asked speak english called yes tom walked shack sally tom fourteen ninety sally wasn columbus discovered america tom columbus discovered america fat say columbus pointed ship dock ship belongs columbus columbus madman sally discovered america america heard thing sally tom live tom show map show america shack tom sally walls maps look maps tom sally seen sally maps don show america touched spot largest map
tom stepped doorway sally inside moved dog slowly dog crouched lower lower sally moved don afraid sally going hurt hurt poor hungry dog dog show teeth looked frightened slowly sally reached patted head dog tail wagged yes sally nice dog sally backed dog softly dog looked tom sally dog stood inch handle tom watch sally dog took step forward looked tom stopped sally tom re scaring dog tom stepped doorway machine dog took step wagged tail tail banged handle tom dog tail move handle dog walked sally sally bent petted dog licked face tom likes sally tom walked slowly doorway machine dog watched tom dog dog showed teeth won hurt tom
tom cold feet cold ears cold fingers cold lost moving tom afraid started running deep snow breath cold air cut shirt ran ran ran hill side hill side tom ran top hill stopped valley village horse rider moving slowly street standing front church church bell ringing gong gong gong village looked peaceful tom ran hill ran standing front church tom breathing hard talk front church wearing coat tom lost inside lad took tom church wearing funny pants knees tom sat fireplace church fire felt tom rubbed hands slowly cold feeling hands feet started tom turned smiled knows
remember rule momentum objects don change direction speed rule momentum things weigh momentum tell object lot momentum object lot momentum harder change object look doors pictures door kind door find buildings door door bank vault door weighs fifteen pounds door bank vault weighs thousand pounds let experiments doors let try close doors pushing finger push door finger starts move push door start move push push happens moments slowly door starts move starts move moves easily harder bank vault door start moving door weighs door remember weighs momentum bank vault door weighs momentum door vault door standing lot harder start moving
types forces change earth looks remember called forces called leveling unleveling forces lesson read water works leveling force takes things high places mountains drops low places bottom mountains wears mountain fills valley lesson read unleveling forces read unleveling force remember volcano unleveling force let say farmer standing field hear rumble ground starts shake look field making sound don ground shakes rumble louder louder ground shakes hard fall suddenly ground middle field starts split open look ground splitting believe boooooommmmmm sound comes crack field shower sparks comes crack sparks fly hundreds feet air thick sun start fall tiny bits stone red hot
learned water stream moves faster bend learned momentum let things learned show streams change look pictures picture shows stream notice close stream tree look picture picture shows stream passed stream moved stream farther tree stream moved let figure moved faster stream moves momentum fast moving stream move things fast stream move big rocks slow stream move big rocks faster stream moves harder stop move rocks sand dirt things rule side stream moves faster stream goes bend stream moves faster inside stream look arrows picture dotted arrow stream side moving faster side black arrow stream moving faster momentum inside able pick rock sand dirt
rat fall hurts rat likes food food reward put rat stand front doors circle door door door open door circle door square open rat jumps doors jumps door circle reward jumps door square hurt rat jumps times learns jump door circle rat learned difference square circle rat learn jump door circle rat reward jumped door reward jumping door rat learn tell difference circle square frog learn difference circle square put frog stand hundreds hundreds times frog learn jump door circle animals learn rat yes pig learn lot rat
animals learn smart thing things animals learned call smart things animals learn call instincts ants instincts ants build anthills ants learn build ants build anthills born ants instinct build anthills ants instincts things fact ant instincts learn simple things ant hatched egg knows need knows catch food fight ants build anthill bees lot ants bees smart things bee finds nice flowers bee signals bees bees fly flowers bees build hives inside hive cells queen bee puts egg cell cell looks exactly cells cell walls bees learn cells walls don learn bees grow cells experiment show bees don learn build beehives bee eggs put round cells
ant walks moment born ant goes ant learn ant instincts remember rule instincts animal learn fewer instincts animal think rule look birds animals watch try figure things learned things instinct rule instinct animal learn fewer instincts animal animal learn deal animal instincts animal need instincts animal learn animal learn instincts needs instincts birds big brains bird learn dog pig porpoise birds instincts instincts let birds smart things let look young chicken chicken seen chicken hawk chicken hawks kill chickens chicken chicken seen chicken hawk put young chicken chicken hawk flies chicken starts squawk run chicken afraid chicken runs inside chicken coop chicken danger
parts earth move slowest earth turns called poles poles north pole south pole stood north pole hours move stood south pole hours move stood part earth farthest poles move thousand miles hours remember parts earth move slowest earth turns poles part earth moves fastest equator equator part earth farthest pole look picture line middle earth equator line pole line marks fastest moving part earth stood equator hours travel thousand miles remember fastest moving part earth equator slowest moving parts earth poles rules explain happens air moves north south earth look picture earth looking earth side north pole top earth
rule light sun light sun heats earth forms straight surface earth read rule times sure understand light sun forms straight surface earth sun directly overhead look pictures picture light comes sun form straight surface earth light forms slants slanted upside look picture light comes sun form straight surface earth light forms slants look picture light comes sun forms straight surface earth rule tells light sun heats earth forms straight surface earth sun picture heats earth sun pictures experiment show light sun heats earth forms straight surface strikes pieces black paper morning look sun sun directly overhead
earth turns twenty hours takes earth circle sun earth tilted things happen earth tilted look pictures season pictures figure look north pole picture leaning leaning sun find straight formed light sun straight north equator pictures show earth summer look top picture noon lives equator sun overhead look north pole half earth lighted sun yes north pole lighted sun look bottom picture earth turned half summer midnight equator half earth darkness look north pole north pole darkness north pole half earth lighted sun north pole lighted noon lighted midnight
al happy test school al test al tests al school al walked school friend mike mike let play ball al don feel mike play ball al started walk al didn want home wanted walk walked street street getting pretty home pretty school think lost al walking saw sign sign sign window store window dirty inside store looked dark al wonder sign means al pressed nose window looked inside dark inside store couldn suddenly standing al al looked smiled al don money money don need money store don need money store opened door store
going faster going plane fast al watched speedometer move plane going thousand miles hour plane going hundred miles hour going hundred miles hour think going speed hour travel hundred miles travel nearly halfway united states hour wow al feel re moving fast al watched towns move plane watched fields clouds move twelve hundred miles hour plane going nearly fast sound travels suddenly sped plane big rocket takes moon al rocket standing yes rocket lot faster jet plane suddenly al longer jet plane sitting deep seats inside rocket pointed dials look fast re going al looked dial thousand miles hour yes re going ninety miles hour
face looked cold smiled smart boy thinking boy passed test paid trip bent face close al face want trip al matter don understand matter matter asked matter matter air matter matter suddenly inside store started light al large frying pan middle floor frying pan matter frying pan matter solid form frying pan getting hotter hotter hotter al watched frying pan started turn red red dull red brighter brighter soon frying pan bright red glowing piece burning charcoal getting hotter frying pan started turn bright orange bright yellow brighter light bulb frying pan started melt al believe saw frying pan melting al watching frying pan
al tried remember seen al wanted pass test molecules trip al school early school met mike jackson mike al class al mike walked school mike wish didn school wrong school al asked wrong school dull dull don al school bad mike laughed talking look stuff study study arithmetic hate arithmetic stuff science hate science worst science dull al science lot fun mike fun call science fun say fun learn things muckles re muckles al re molecules molecules neat let show al bent picked stick drew rows dots ground molecules solid matter re lined row move bit stay row al held stick molecules drawn ground watch happens molecule matter turns liquid
mike running jungle huge elephant al turned don scare mike al rid elephant smiled elephant asked al looked elephant mike ran al elephant disappeared mike let hurry want asked al hey mike let bottom sea wouldn mike yeah let jungle melt turn green al looked moment re ocean re underwater drown mike don worry won drown special trip able breathe underwater able talk al looked sun water looked bright fish swimming al mike underwater feet pressure body feel show pressure works let deeper mike al started going deeper al looked sun bright started dimmer dimmer
wow mike giant squid grow big big tree squid feet suddenly squid moved quickly arms reached wrapped whale whale bigger squid squid hold whale arms squid called tentacles squid hang tentacles cups cups stick sides whale al watched giants fighting whale turned whale shot surface water whale dove squid hanging mike giant squid kill whale don think whale big squid able kill think whale whale deep water whale piece squid tentacle mouth squid hanging anymore wow mike didn things big whale squid yes whale big look weighs ten elephants biggest animal
al mike watching skin body boys muscle remember muscle works pulls shorter find muscle working looking getting shorter thicker going move find muscle working leg started bend mike pointed muscle upper leg muscle getting shorter thicker body started change muscles disappeared turned skeleton looking important part body skeleton bones body small big touched skull big bone touched hips big bone body bones mike asked question show watch happens body bones legs started change muscles skin fell tried stand legs bent stand mike muscles hold body
mike tube filled blood liquid black blood red blood red follow blood body happens cu thump boom cu thump boom sound heart getting louder louder al moving liquid inside tube moving heart pump heart pumps blood body heart pumps blood night heart rest cu thump boom cu thump boom sound heart loud al stand yelled re going heart soon watch happens light shining looked door ahead blood vessel door muscle door opened closed heart cu thump boom al mike close door moving door blood vessel moving door door looked big suddenly opened moved door al mike inside heart door closed inside looked funny shaped room chamber heart heart cu thump al feel inside heart shake
chamber moment door chamber opened thummmmmmp walls chamber whooooosh chamber flying blood vessel felt moving miles hour slowed mike wow dizzy al mike mixed heart heart heart remember blood needs oxygen blood comes heart heart pumps blood lungs blood fresh oxygen turns bright red fresh blood goes heart pumped parts body need fresh oxygen al noticed blood vessel moved jerks heart pounded blood jerked ahead slow heart pound jerk ahead jerking mike asked laughed heart keeps pumping blood blood vessel blood goes jerk jerk blood vessel put fingers inside mike wrist feel put fingers mike pressed inside wrist
pointed window front eye part eye al lens remember lens lets light eye lens bends light mike bends light mean al look picture eye picture upside upside mike don al lens eye bent light form picture retina pointed picture eye part retina remember retina part eye picture mike lens front eye retina eye think remember parts let ear mike al nerve eye brain thousands thousands nerves funny chamber looked seashell al seen inside chamber hair spiral mike al small end spiral
mike remembered week christmas look shopping presents al looked remembered didn money buy christmas presents felt sad mike don going buy mom dad pair gloves re nice sister light bike mike turned al buy family don money al don going bad mike boys didn talk walked street street snow coming harder store passed jammed soon boys corner al block mike place study tomorrow sure al don morning ten clock mike mike ran street soon al longer snow hear sound christmas music distance al early morning wanted start reading book mother room eat breakfast shovel snow front place
al mike left school started walk street wind cold small flakes snow blew wind soon al mike turned corner street longer hear cars longer hear sound christmas songs walked store sign window mike al inside bell ding ding dark inside boys waited suddenly standing front test today al looked mike looked smiling re ready test smiled happen science test today give test tell want want trip mike don care poles earth mike asked poles north pole south pole soon
al mike library million books mike al read animals pages books want read want want library al wanted dinosaurs found drawer letters dia diz drawer cards hundred books dinosaurs took drawer microphone read titles books soon light door opened door took pile books carried books tables book top pile dinosaurs opened book page started read dinosaurs read dinosaurs lived era called mesozoic mesozoic era started million ago mesozoic era dinosaurs dinosaurs bigger rabbit ate plants ate animals let beginning mesozoic era look dinosaurs lived brontosaurus allosaurus read jungle strange plants
al early christmas morning gave presents mother brother mother happy toaster started cry al brother liked wallet didn money put liked al mother gave al book don money couldn fancy noticed reading lot books lately book hope books al seen trip library animals africa thanks mama al present al brother pair shoes mother opened presents al mother fixed big breakfast wheat cakes al ate wheat cakes stand full ate brother mother think walk breakfast dressed beautiful buildings covered fresh snow sun shining looked clean white walk al brother asked let al pointed street pointed direction store
re looking al mother don want buy laughed young lady al mother young lady luck give book person comes christmas give free book ran shelves thick book handed book al mother book young lady al mother don read book al mother looked book cookbook wanting costs money young lady give gifts christmas don family happy book al mother smiled thank gave al brother book racing cars took big book shelf handed book al al read title book tells wonders book places seen molecule inside human brain
kinds things study small things atoms molecules cells growing flask scientists study large things stars galaxies ten scientists lived alive today scientific studies completed total amount scientific information double ten finding solutions scientific problems compared climbing steep hill top hill represents problem solution scientist studies problem starts climbing hill ahead scientist studied problem eventually scientists reach top hill conquering hill scientist discovers small peak larger mountain range science solving problems finding answers questions observation study experiments science product process product science facts ideas discovered organized process science solving problems scientific problem solving search facts ideas methods scientists solving problems called scientific methods scientific methods include defining problem clear statement problem understood investigated difficult part scientist success scientific research based asking questions
water abundant kind matter covers fourths earth surface makes fourths matter living organisms water unusual substances occurs naturally forms water solid ice snow liquid gas water vapor substances needed maintain important water carbon nitrogen kinds matter found living things water carbon nitrogen features substances vital answer questions scientists structure properties matter ways kinds matter react matter mass takes space matter classified ways divide matter groups living nonliving living matter alive activities rocks wood water textiles paper glue examples nonliving matter matter classified organic inorganic living living organic matter products living things tree sap cotton wood fur organic organic matter carbon gasoline oil fat sugar blood hair fingernails wood examples organic matter gasoline oil organic
plants animals failed reproduce extinct extinct means longer living dinosaurs examples extinct animals organisms reproduce extinct animals danger extinct lifetime whooping crane white heron california condor roseate spoonbill crocodile extinct reproducing large numbers organisms need energy energy ability produce motion energy walk move part body body energy grow energy exists forms light sound heat electricity nuclear chemical mechanical energy energy food chemical energy energy changed form chemical energy food changed mechanical energy move legs walk heat body comes chemical energy food energy movement growth reproduction activities energy comes food food green plants carbon dioxide water materials combined inside leaves form sugar animals obtain food eating plants animals plants energy grow reproduce energy move water minerals animals energy growth reproduction move water food bodies need energy move circulate blood breathe
daphnia water flea millimeter length relative crabs lobsters times size small daphnia complex organism transparent body shows parts animal body parts animal alive eye ear nose lung gill heart brain stomach liver artery examples animal parts learn complete structure animals impossible task study animals earthworm grasshopper frog animals show animal body parts structures animals divided groups animals backbones animals backbones animals backbones called vertebrates complex animals similar structure limbs skeleton bone brain encased skull sense organs head region vertebrates include fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals frog vertebrate animals backbones called invertebrates group familiar vertebrates invertebrates include percent known million species animals animals body structure sponges jellyfish worms snails insects examples invertebrates grasshopper earthworm invertebrates
diffusion living things occurs substance solution organisms substances dissolved water body fluids starch protein fat dissolve water move diffusion compounds cells enter cell formed inside cell substances compose soluble enter cell diffusion substances combine form insoluble compounds sugar amino acids dissolve water diffuse cells inside cells sugar changed starch amino acids combine form protein order compounds leave cell break substances dissolve body fluids molecules substances solution move membranes diffusion molecules move membranes move concentrated concentrated dissolved food oxygen urea minerals carbon dioxide water substances diffuse cell membranes cell membranes allow substances pass substances proteins cross side membrane cell membranes semipermeable means substances pass diffusion osmosis diffusion water membrane previous activity water moved upward tube attached membrane movement result osmosis water moved membrane beaker bladder
spinning web complex behavior spider learn spin web web spinning result learning training trial error spider lessons needs practice spiders spin webs correctly try web spinning instinct spiders spider species web structures species spins kind web instinct species wasp lays eggs food offspring behavior begins wasp catches stings spider wasp puts spider digs hole lays egg hole places spider hole covers hole soil eventually spider serves food larva develops egg hole instinct believed orderly series stimuli responses theory explains wasp egg laying behavior sex hormone produced wasp body egg laying hormone wasp react stimulus seeing spider wasp response sting spider stinging spider stimulus response set spider response wasp stimulus response series stimuli responses continues egg spider buried hole dug wasp
russian scientist named ivanovsky discovered tobacco plant disease caused virus disease called tobacco mosaic disease ivanovsky extracted juice tobacco plant disease filtered juice fine porcelain filter remove bacteria juice rubbed juice leaves healthy tobacco plants healthy plants developed tobacco mosaic disease scientists concluded ivanovsky experiments tobacco mosaic disease caused virus virus smaller bacteria pass tiny holes porcelain filter scientists concluded tobacco mosaic virus living material living multiplies spreads stems leaves infected tobacco plant wendell stanley chemical methods search tobacco mosaic virus discovered needlelike crystals juice infected tobacco plants crystals large protein molecules stanley believed crystals tobacco mosaic virus test hypothesis injected crystals healthy tobacco plant plant developed tobacco mosaic disease observation support stanley hypothesis viruses crystallized viruses stored bottles crystals injected host organism reproduce multiply viruses reproduce cells host organism virus nucleic acid protein cell
flagellates phylum protozoa flagellates euglenas celled protists flagella flagellum whiplike extension cell flexible movable beating flagellum organism moves flagellates flagella swim water flagellates found soil fresh water oceans chlorophyll enables food light present darkness capture digest food surrounding water kind flagellate lives digestive tract termites digests cellulose wood cellulose complex compound makes wood strong fibrous termites chew wood digest cellulose cellulose digested flagellates food termite flagellates termite feed termite tissues parasites relationship flagellate termite symbiosis symbiosis special organisms live termite flagellate represent type symbiosis organisms receive help termite benefits digestion cellulose flagellate flagellate receives lodging board termite gains environment warm moist rich cellulose food experiments flagellates termites killed placing insects pure oxygen keeping hours
slime molds similar molds classified molds reproduction slime molds common forests moist areas grow leaves logs grass species slime molds plant animal features slime mold goes cycle stages stage similar amoeba stage move animal stage similar mold plant features slime mold refers slimy mucous nature stage cycle scientists study slime molds reason discover basic principles apply living things research discover enzymes regulate cycle slime mold cell sack molecules chemical occur chemical organism alive experiments slime molds help answer question mushrooms large fungi known easily recognized shape grow orchards fields forests moisture organic matter mushroom consists hyphae hyphae grow spread soil decaying logs tree stumps enzymes released hyphae digest organic matter digested organic material absorbed hyphae food visible part mushroom reproductive structure
human body organs systems organ system performs specific function human body run smoothly systems activities walking writing letter playing flute cooperation coordination body systems systems involved playing single note flute systems coordinated correct note played person reacts environment called behavior behavior stimulus sound light heat examples stimuli person reacts stimulus response person response stimulus sound move jump person behavior controlled regulated nervous system nervous system consists nerve tissue body nerves form communication system brain rest body nerve tissue nerve cells carry impulses messages major centers nervous system brain spinal cord central nervous system central nervous system enclosed protected bone bathed fluid central nervous system sends receives messages nerves nerves peripheral nervous system peripheral nervous system nerves brain spinal cord human brain equal total body mass
water atoms hydrogen atom oxygen molecule percent body water water main substances cytoplasm percent blood plasma water water vital ways digestion break food foods dissolved water absorbed blood sweat glands kidneys waste products dissolved water removed blood sweat urine consist water kidneys release water evaporation sweat skin helps regulate body temperature evaporating water reduces body temperature overheated rate sweat evaporates skin depends temperature air relative humidity feel uncomfortable hot humid food eat water vegetables fruits high water content obtain water drinking drinking milk juices water produced food broken cells minerals chemical elements needed body vegetables fruits fish meat eggs milk cereals rich minerals minerals needed human body listed table calcium phosphorus essential formation strong bones teeth milk dairy products sources calcium phosphorus minerals needed formation hormones enzymes body substances
tobacco dried processed leaves tobacco plant nicotine poisonous chemical tobacco tobacco percent nicotine pure nicotine poisonous rarely drug medical doctors tobacco smoking chewing snuff tobacco smoked nicotine evaporates body affected nicotine inhaled smoke nicotine stimulant acts nervous system increasing rate body activities temporary effect smell smoke makes nicotine habit forming drug tobacco smoke harmful smokers nearby especially true allergic reactions respiratory disease studies tobacco smoking show relationship cigarette smoking lung cancer study smokers nonsmokers conducted american cancer society showed difference groups number deaths caused lung cancer animals determine effects cigarette smoke lungs experiment mice chamber attached smoking machine group mice chamber attached smoking machine machine smoked cigarettes days week months smoke cigarettes pumped chamber machine operated smoke cigarettes
imagine land temperatures average summer winter tundra arctic tundra exists northern latitudes northern parts canada alaska europe siberia tundra growing season days early spring thaw till fall frost temperatures favorable plant growth summers arctic tundra mild short winters cold trees grow tundra lichens mosses grasses dwarf woody plants dominant plants lichens crusty gray green growths rocks actually plants alga fungus living number animal species small insects mosquitoes abundant summer months reindeer arctic hares arctic foxes lemmings live tundra ducks geese waterfowl breed ponds summer alpine tundra exists peaks high mountains trees grow area tree line tree line highest point trees grow conditions similar arctic tundra short growing season exists fourths earth surface covered oceans ninety percent photosynthesis occurs ocean ocean water percent dissolved minerals salt sodium chloride nacl makes half minerals
tiny community mississippi unique sewage treatment system system consists lagoon loaded water hyacinths plants grow quickly large root systems raw sewage flows lagoon daily grow hyacinths remove pollutants water weeks lagoon water clean returned local stream water pure exceeds health standards hyacinths sewage treatment idea bill wolverton wolverton biochemist national space technology laboratory bay st louis mississippi water hyacinth plants absorb pollutants removed lagoon plants dried processed wolverton hopes able turn dried plants cattle feed hyacinths lagoon percent protein higher percentage corn wheat wolverton water hyacinths laboratory works hyacinths remove silver chemicals waste water hyacinths harvested laboratory lagoons high concentrations harmful chemicals wolverton hopes find safely disposing plants compounds industry proved dangerous pollutants group compounds pcb polychlorinated biphenyls pcb manufacture materials inks tires paints poisonous fish animals including humans
half undernourished daily diet nutrients required health energy needed daily activities die starvation adequately feed expanding population food production grow rate percent happen amount land crop production increase increase crop yields acre reclamation desert land irrigation method increasing food production adding fertilizer farmland increase crop yields control insect pests chemical pesticides method increase crop production poisonous chemicals harmful environment helpful insects wild birds killed poisons enter water supplies pesticides longer effective past farmers larger amounts chemicals combat resistant insects scientists developing biological controls biological controls harm environment insects likely resistant ladybugs biological control ladybugs eat aphids insects suck juices growing plants releasing large numbers ladybugs field method killing aphids plant damage reduced fruit damaged fruit flies lay eggs
put written sharp focus nouns clear specific nouns vague general specific nouns artist find sentences easier illustrate bird dropped food saw animal canary dropped seed saw cat nouns sentence create sharper clearer picture bird food animal general nouns canary seed cat specific nouns kinds compositions speeches general nouns words times specific nouns preferred descriptions explanations noticeably improved specific nouns frequently study paragraph short story written student notice specific nouns underlined build clear vivid images car pulled sideroad stopped front ramshackle farmhouse strong early spring gale entered house rushed broken panes dirty windows played rain spotted shreds curtain wind whistled blew cracks slits joined creaking door banging loose shutter upper floor musty smell mothballs dust mingled fresh scent spring bright sunshine transformed gently floating dust particles miniature stars imaginary universe author created picture seen added extra dimensions appealing reader senses smell hearing touch
news stories editorials short result extensive preparation dorothy fuldheim distinguished television commentator explains thirty appearing front cameras comments opinions read decide underlined words holidays known talent performers studio christmas holidays usual shows takes studio starts thirty end thirty newscasters read scripts written case write editorials takes reflection gather material read newspapers magazines books night rapid reader material scientific data unfamiliar scan article quickly decide information say photographic memory farther truth photographic mind remember words phrases prehensile mind grasps holds facts stores need words pronouns pronouns noun repeated referred
pearl buck american author expert writing descriptions notice clearly describes young woman wang lung turned woman looked square honest face short broad nose large black nostrils mouth wide gash face eyes small dull black color filled sadness clearly expressed face habitually silent unspeaking speak bore patiently wang lung look embarrassment response simply waiting seen saw true beauty kind face brown common patient face selection eudora welty describes wilderness american south green branches closed step trumpet muscadine vines big vines pillars trunks trees arches buttresses passion flowers bloomed white purple rays shoulders feet walked steaming hot shade wilderness put hands hanging vines feared snakes sudden cool thousands silver bells frogs rang swamp closed open sky seen river quiet fire burned bluff moving outward cold blur water
read article paper currency notice task underlined word performing nearly country today issues paper money money kind appeared china fact largest paper money history issued chinese dynasty notes measured inches thirteen inches smallest bank note appeared rumania rumanian note smaller matchbook cover american dollars size dollars green backs countries colors peruvian paper bill green yellow gray blue brown red tourist peru careful observant quickly learn note color american bankers variety size color currency americans prefer present uniform size color dollar underlined words article thing modifying nouns word modify means limit change words careful observant modify noun tourist tell kind tourist trouble unusual currency words green yellow gray blue brown red describe noun tell colors backs largest modifies noun money tells size
articles examples mrs miller class found wearing ear plugs help prevent stomach ulcers hives mental illness says dr lee farr university texas school public health explains noise getting worse cities grow larger live closer loud noises medium night tend affect nerves help bring ailments ohio cuyahoga river cleveland reputed polluted river caught fire causing damage railroad bridges blaze started large oil slick river according article york times standard quip cleveland area river fire hazard story says companies dumping industrial wastes river permits issued ohio cleveland mayor carl stokes called enforce pollution laws threatened legal action industries communities discharge oily waste river flows lake erie automobiles give pounds carbon monoxide gallon gasoline burn carbon monoxide poisonous gas million pounds lead automobiles exhaust pipes lead air breathe rivers lakes
canada cut ddt government leaders ruling pest killing chemical ruling studies showed ddt harmful birds fish canadian wildlife service showed results tests polar bears arctic found traces polar bears likely bears contact chemical fish ate animal populations smaller tips balance direction cockroach common crowded cities easy cockroaches find food kitchen reach close black widow spider common poisonous spider increasing number number houses growing spider multiplies faster damp basements reach enemies doors canadian government banned sale export perch pickerel lake erie mercury contamination authorities samples pickerel lake showed mercury contamination mercury manufacture pulp paper chlorine caustic soda electrical appliances plant fish contaminated mercury waste escapes river birds animals affected eating contaminated seeds sprouts breathing mercury fumes escape air
possessions christopher alexander pellett careful retain intact suit ducks longer intact lived slept continuous thirst liquor set red whiskers friend gain friendship gentle islands polynesia virtue quality attaching strength humour villainy show trait friend catch hold explain loving devotion lavished christopher alexander pellett karaki company boat boy mystery fufuti harm pellett quarrelled raised fist cursed chinese half caste sold brandy certainly allowable brandy bad hand perceptible lost toil skill beg smile dance exhibit amiable eccentricities recommend drunken toleration part passed struggle chance drifted beaches easy song fate friend persisted persisted sodden lump flesh preserved alcohol
sea twenty days left provisions water karaki doled moistening shred coconut husk giving pellett shred suck spite pellett petulant protest heathen nursed derelict stages thirst scraping staves cask feeding ultimate drop moisture point knife thirty sixth fufuti sighted choiseul green wall built slowly west fairly headlands karaki indulged triumph target length solomons hundred miles fetched broadside craft proa storm current instrument chart distinctly feat navigation karaki celebrating stared anxiously shoulder east wind fitful morning noon dead calm restless oily sea barometer told evil tales karaki guessed anyway staggered forward unstepped mast bound cargo securely thwarts put remaining strength paddle heading small outpost island line white showed beach
unit book study type literature ballads fables myths folktales short stories accompany designed art portfolios paintings drawings prints comparing material portfolios units accompany aware relationships forms creation called artistic literature visual arts learn look beneath surface poem story discover subject form point view able look picture decide subject form point view expressed visually try explain similarities led choose pictures compare kinds literature find room draw conclusions ways visual arts literature resemble introduce works art lands ages subjects immediately recognize understand able react react stories read text painting typical early american style chosen illustrate portfolio accompanying traditional ballads don artist guess picture tribute general washington tell meant flattering portrait
scandinavian paintings door wall painting subjects paintings common think picture quarrel meant funny quarrels funny real painting stiff awkwardly drawn shoemaker outlined freer flowing curving lines characters shoemaker shop hard look content happy borders painting add feeling effect borders quarrel lumber comparison writer literary ballad imitates simple traditional ballads generally conscious artist form suitable subject wishes describe art pages accomplished artists unlike primitive painters consciously chosen simple style express everyday nature subjects engraving summer landscape filled going normal summer activities harvesting merrymaking picture faces specific characters story subject season summer breughel shows activities season actually makes feel summer notice instance full rich foreground suggesting fruitful abundance
read important differences traditional literary ballads traditional ballads composed anonymously folk literary ballads written single author traditional ballads tell stories explaining things happen literary ballads present detail character motivation author literary ballad clues feels happening difference types ballads deal themes revenge death separation families lovers literary ballad concerned call abstract subject idea story important story differences subject point view literary ballads form traditional ballads longer smoother read complicated stanza traditional ballad stanza differences exist purposes types ballads traditional ballads meant sung literary ballads read traditional ballads record events sake literary ballads ask think meaning events groups composed traditional ballads think compositions art forms writers literary ballads regard artists features traditional ballads complex thoughtful poems
related king possessed tame trained elephant valued highly king huntsmen caught wild elephant trainers train break tame means devised associating tame elephant order accustom things tried success elephant shy intractable order reduce submission trainer recourse chastisements confinement deprived food undergoing hardship tame elephant offending interest acting unwisely ignorance knew wish assuredly behave manner wild elephant asked tame wanted replied feed give sweet waters drink cleanliness place lie give servants wait guard care lead appointed hours known assemble crowds covered draperies proceded kettledrums musical instruments move affections excite imagination publicly honored reverenced animal venture cross path breath air blow disparagement
orpheus mother calliope muses inspired poets poet orpheus played lyre tame wild beasts music rocks trees move places follow unlucky beautiful wife eurydice trod sleeping snake woke bit died poison orpheus boldly tartarus playing lyre fetch charmed charon styx payment charmed cerberus whining licking feet charmed laying whips listening punishments ceased charmed queen persephone giving secret password pool memory charmed king hades freeing eurydice letting follow earth hades condition orpheus look eurydice safely sunlight singing playing happily eurydice minute orpheus feared hades tricking forgot condition looked anxiously lost forever zeus son dionysus olympian orpheus refused worship god accused setting mortals bad wild behavior dionysus angrily ordered crowd maenads drunken young women chase orpheus caught lyre cut head threw river tore pieces
ages ago norsemen heaven earth sea exist universe region boiling flame region cold gap lying rivers ice pushed gap red heat fires side beat fiercely steam arose space filled swirling mist clouds took shape ymer frost giant born shifting particles formed cow milk ymer nourished grew greatly vigor vague outline clear firm frost giant sons daughters born mist meantime cow nurtured frost giant found nourishment eventually began lick ice blocks pushed region cold ice melted rough tongue shaped outline huge head cow licked features distinct licked blue eyes opened huge creature formed rose looked misty gap vast shapes frost giants vaguely seen bure ancestor gods power
aegir sea god lay rocks headland blanket cloud pulled eyes peacefully closed smiling gently listened laughter grey daughters waves ran sloping beach musing broke loud voices gods clamoring permission build banqueting hall ocean green hills ran sea aegir rent mist rose dank reared citadel asgard center earth grumbled feasting halls roofed silver shining gold earth allfather odin build choose disturbs ask gift return buy sea god smiled cunningly need brew mead feasts bring build caldron full mile wide full mile deep aegir sank rocks mist enfolded gods returned wondering asgard caldron seen earth hall frost giant hymer hangs caldron brave tyr earth giantland ocean wilder unconquered
stepmother stepdaughter daughter daughter woman pat head say clever girl matter hard stepdaughter tried found wrong truth matter stepdaughter gold proper hands cheese butter stepmother house bathed tears angry wind subsides sea woman angry quieted hurl insult mouth full venom teeth itched stepmother mind drive stepdaughter house husband wish eyes ears hear don warm house kin open field bitter frost began grieve lament put daughter sledge wanted cover horse cloth dare took homeless girl open field set heap snow sign cross hastened home fast eyes behold daughter death
poor craftsman sons nice horrid happens peculiar father loved nasty helmrich nice called hans passed craftsman found paying money paying purse empty poor thought customers pay bills ask money polite firm early morning knocking doors grandest payers likes paying bills poor returned home tired purse empty set bear home wife face worried expression sit door inn sad lonely mood inside join sat busy gloomy thoughts help hearing saying inside heard stranger big city telling story
idea wanting story comes brings thing want mind question author attention keeps writer audience interested interest tricks trade reading build story narrative pattern want find story comes careful process selection chooses characters incidents details story line designed interested foreshadowing hints things build suspense constructs story care asking read stories fun going ask consider author put story need thinking read familiar terms writers term narrative pattern told writer narrative pattern journey guess incidents story strung main character makes place think stories read journey pattern able look foreshadowing stories ways author makes want read building suspense
forest mixed growth eastern spurs carpathians stood winter night watching listening waited beast woods range vision later rifle game presence keen outlook figured sportsman calendar lawful proper chase ulrich von gradwitz patrolled dark forest quest human enemy forest lands gradwitz wide extent stocked game narrow strip precipitous woodland lay outskirt remarkable game harbored shooting afforded jealously guarded owner territorial possessions famous lawsuit days grandfather wrested illegal possession neighboring family petty landowners dispossessed party acquiesced judgment courts series poaching affrays similar scandals embittered relationships families generations neighbor feud grown personal ulrich head family detested wished ill georg znaeym inheritor quarrel tireless game snatcher raider disputed border forest feud died compromised personal ill stood boys thirsted blood prayed misfortune fall wind scourged winter night ulrich banded foresters watch dark forest quest footed quarry look prowling thieves suspected afoot land boundary
son laurie started kindergarten renounced corduroy overalls bibs began wearing blue jeans belt watched morning older girl door seeing clearly era ended sweet voiced nursery school tot replaced swaggering character forgot stop corner wave bye home front door slamming open cap floor voice suddenly raucous shouting lunch spoke insolently father spilled baby sister milk remarked teacher lord vain school today asked elaborately casual learn father asked laurie regarded father coldly didn learn didn learn teacher spanked boy laurie addressing bread butter fresh added mouth full asked laurie thought charles fresh teacher spanked stand corner fresh asked laurie slid chair took cookie left father saying young laurie remarked lunch soon sat charles bad today
olden lived semi barbaric king ideas polished sharpened progressiveness distant latin neighbors large florid untrammelled half barbaric exuberant fancy withal authority irresistible turned varied fancies facts greatly communing agreed thing member domestic political systems moved smoothly appointed course nature bland genial hitch orbs orbits blander genial pleased crooked straight crush uneven places borrowed notions barbarism semified public arena exhibitions manly beastly valor minds subjects refined cultured exuberant barbaric fancy asserted arena king built give opportunity hearing rhapsodies dying gladiators enable view inevitable conclusion conflict religious opinions hungry jaws purposes adapted widen develop mental energies vast amphitheater encircling galleries mysterious vault unseen passages agent poetic justice crime punished virtue rewarded decrees impartial incorruptible chance
september walked cantaranas plaza past narrow cobblestone street zaguan entrance secundaria high school broad white ascending steps university streets guanajuato smell dried chilies jasmine carnations pots iron barred windows hot baked bread burro droppings town central mexico romantic town lived days wealth luxury rich silver mines nearby days poverty turmoil revolutions social change heroism winding alleys broad stone fountain centered plazas faith beautiful churches soaring sky artists lived loved guanajuato painted family lived days grandfather carlos knew legends streets houses stories ghosts hauntings violent tender school smelled schools chalk dust disinfectant soap boys found classroom seat aisle rest leg extending desk ago polio left weak leg special exercises wear brace hours
ears donkey tail possum eyes pig hide sherman tank undying optimism sighted dachshund armadillo riddle presents whimsical appearance real riddle armadillo southern motorist knows critter question armadillo private property lone star blue bonnet yellow rose today armadillo familiar sight southern southwestern states waddling purposefully highways dusk deeply intent purposes century armadillo marched traditional home central south america north land cowhands tolerated plowed fields farmers detested digging rooting crossed wide mississippi river ventured east georgia north kansas ice snow prevent miniaturized panzer tank invading distant territory armadillo poses challenging riddle earth wildlife retreat hundreds species fighting survival armadillo possesses supernatural power surviving flourishing regions proved increasingly inhospitable forms wildlife
mon sister let hurry home breakfast head school kwai standing dawan heard remained sitting mon sis kwai repeated impatiently sister move kwai understood sat today marks find won scholarship don want sister afraid finding dawan stared spot water ripples glanced brother asked village kwai won kwai shrugged tossed pebble river turn free education especially city win course easy manner dawan sense excitement won spend school reading books remember big markets cousin noi told jasmine buds sold bucketful rows pigs heads hang butcher stalls countless kinds coconut cakes sold going maybe buy flowered sarong mama kwai eyes shining spoke swung legs happily temples kwai dawan added yes beautiful sacred temples temple dawn temple emerald buddha noi color postcards
snows melted warm winds blew bosque redondo green grass began show banks river big gate fort sumner opened knives marched drums beat horns sounded soldiers gate closed waited husband spring settled land wagons brought food able save gourd flour food journey days blankets knife soldiers ends rifles found mornings fort wrapped cloth hidden grass sharpened stone put lean cloth arm length red velvet girl small dress jacket boy warm night stars sound river running eaten supper tall boy walked quietly black dog hear sat fire ate left pot hurriedly eaten looked gaunt fearful father knives open gate open gate tall boy replied gate open
girls stamped snowshoes hour pelting snowballs playing hens hear laughing abbie thought finished morning chores eating dinner kitchen dark abbie light lamp gust wind whined chimney blast set shutters slamming furiously house ran window clear sky deepened ominous dark gray gulls screamed wildly bewitched wind flag pole blowing knew wind veered northeast esther mahala began cry mrs burgess called parlor abigail father caught storm mother halfway mainland gale blow sea esther mahala rushed abbie esther asked worriedly exactly father batten things directed lydia esther latch shutters mahala bring flag abbie closed sheds moved hen coop protected spot sisters sat fire complaining rock father father bring supplies storm lydia whined
young boy asleep fire escape turned thin mattress summer sun edged east river sun spread soft gray light canyons york tenements touched boy face eyes opened quickly hurrying sleep lay moment smelling hearing morning alley mrs morales preparing breakfast frying chorizos perking cafe bustelo sharp strong sweet smells mouth water thought cold milk cheesecake buy later finished job pay joe upstairs jimmy abuelita dona pilar hummed song quiet morning nameless tune soft pretty tune hummed chickens puerto rico hummed boy pictured front open window watching sun rise remember nice lady gave nickels smiled soft sound pigeon cooing inside apartment boy scrambled feet petey rolled mattress threw shoulder climbed open window apartment house dark tiptoed couch mother asleep dropped bedding hurried box coop nailed windowsill room
maps drawings lines colors symbols represent features earth surface features things oceans mountains things actually able national boundaries equator maps present deal information small area reference aids types maps presenting kinds information read maps able instance road map plan route trip political map countries border brazil historical map find international boundaries europe war thing look map title sure map give information need check key legend symbols map maps give scale distances tell direction map north let look things map page according title map shows middle east political map shows boundaries countries natural features mountains map color countries stand
exactly later bottle huronian landed beach castlerock ireland sinking fast scribbled writing reported top heavy side water bye mother sisters signed charles mcfall greaser crew member served greaser aboard huronian signature verified friends relatives modern times converted ancient means international communication hobby george phillips genial balding minister thrown fifteen thousand empty bottles puget sound point defiance washington friends sea going agents toss hundreds overboard ships body water course bottles empty kind inspirational message today messages carried corners replies twelve hundred strangers faraway places guinea alaska hawaii australia mexico jackpot jack wurm penniless jobless wandering beach san francisco chilly march beach deserted wurm aimed kick half buried bottle arced sand saw kind paper idly pulled cork stuck tight wurm walked nearby rock knocked neck bottle
days emperor charlemagne charles franks ruled france germany fought mightily enemies christendom lived count named girard count girard held city castle vienne land lay friend emperor vassals knights rebelled war charlemagne angered called army marched vienne whilst girard followers retreated city defending walls bravely months advantage fell side passed siege lasted besiegers besieged longed war city defended charlemagne glad peace subjects bring withdraw army acknowledged defeated rebel emperor army considered ten greatest champions france charlemagne young nephew roland son emperor sister berthe roland lately knighted anxious prove siege lasted chance showing worth
august readers york sun startling story news sir john herschel scientific expedition south africa reached united states sun scoop story herschel greatest astronomers father sir william herschel leading astronomer eighteenth century achievements discovery planet uranus william herschel son john planets credit carried important survey stars northern hemisphere set capetown south africa study stars southern hemisphere family arrived january stay march herschel observatory cape waited news remarkable astronomical discovery half later waiting herschel painstakingly making observations news home south africa august york sun broke silence tuesday afternoon sun hit streets account herschel findings herschel trained powerful telescope moon found trees vegetation oceans beaches bison goats cranes pelicans seen face earth satellite
woke dawn hear rain pounding metal skin plane thought boat shop rain beating roof felt terrible thirst remembered jumped shouting ajo raining heard vicente groan meant wake stood quietly snored felt carefully dark located canteen lying want stumble leg leaned door cupped hands drink held canteen rain raining hard small canteen filled slowly found piece plastic seats collected water poured canteen spilling half feet canteen full gathered plastic find dark pulled wire overhead filled pieces plastic rain wired necks shut took dawn fill containers pleased knew person food water rain began heavier blow plane door bent close took wet clothes lay pile seat stuffing warm
poor families colonial america homemaking full job women subsistence farm cash income family produced consumed consumed produced directly related meeting needs family americans remained subsistence level order enjoy higher standard living members family specialize profit making occupation producing excess article barter buy household essentials families hunting skill produced meat skins family needed sell excess woman handling cows chickens superior soon earning butter egg money colonial americans believed thrift frugality hard earned bit money spend improve standard living part income reinvested woman butter egg money instance buy cow choices women began adult variety skills accumulated savings purposes superior dairywoman instance funds buy large loom professional weaver taking spun yarn produced neighbors turning cloth fee household industry born
sam home borrowed mark cement mixer boat didn ask horse cormac hitched mixer saddle rope rode woods river west side island water faster frozen thin film banks dismounted wrapped reins saddle horn thin ice crackled boots waded creek boots waterproof water splashed inside soaking wool socks shudderingly cold cormac horse watched cormac tried taking step ice feet broke yelped jumped bank thought irish wolfhounds rugged shame set cement mixer upright water current spun trouble holding took gloves grip metal cold fingers stuck crazy thing felt crazy especially took mind cement mixer pool water tried climb easy thought thing tipping finally managed sit squatting position
worried roy luther dying decently honorably buried worried responsibilities charged promises wrung number pride luther instill pride number strive family charity tongues hang parched knees charity seldom real service bestowed receive looked suspicion need want scrutinized number devola kind loving let marry kiser pease looks happen town find nearest judge tell devola stop word highest honor promised roy luther things bring don strong able think things spends waking hours porch chair valley big abundant rich anymore
fall samuel adams bade johnny summon boston observers clock night meet believe general gage knows moved arrest lorne send soldiers arrest think hang club sir hancock johnny meant compliment sam adams looked startled pleased noticed seen going salt lane entering printing shop future meet small groups punch johnny house house talking unpaid bills shillings thinking punch ship boston months british ships british officers limes lemons oranges days friends boston tories miss lyte plenty friends british officers tropical fruit mrs bessie lyte cook listened going eat fruits drink give sam adams don say give dispatch bag johnny returned bulging small meeting twenty original members left town threat arrest british
writing ancient art modern necessity early writing consisted scratches stones later words inked paper parchment tools hammer chisel quill pen movable type printing press today electronic marvels computer talking typewriter mechanical tools writing concerned basic expressional tools communicate writing grammar usage sentence structure spelling punctuation capitalization expressional tools merely devices putting words paper ways thinking communicating thoughts represent accepted code signals writer reader write check give order bank pay money deposit named individual date person paid sum signature clear cut signals check paid write letter friend words order message slip misplaced apostrophe change meaning found boy canoe single ownership found boys canoe shows boys canoe signals punctuation find meanings question mark raises doubt exclamation point positive emphasis group words
identified problem case bed lamp usual practice scientists identify problem trying solve problem stated form question temperature hatching quail eggs effect weed killing chemicals bird populations teen agers problems complexions collected information problem case bed lamp past experience helped decide ways solve problem observed electricity parts house lamp plug properly inserted solving problems consult reference books talk experience problems formed hypothesis felt tested experimentation hypotheses hunches educated guesses scientist evidence believing hypothesis proposes test experimentation observations past experience led propose hypothesis lamp bulb burned experimented test hypothesis sure dresser lamp working tried bulb bed lamp dresser lamp found light experiment produced information judging truth hypothesis
study diagram student microscope figure compare microscope diagram plan sure understand part going listen carefully instructions teacher microscope important correct procedures microscope damaged high power objective easily damaged comes contact slide stage lenses damaged improper cleaning wiped gently piece lens paper soft cloth provided teacher coarse fine adjustment knobs raise body tube turn revolving nosepiece objectives touching stage turn low power shorter objective clicks position directly tube adjust mirror light window ceiling fixture microscope lamp reflected upward hole stage look eyepiece final adjustments brightness light controlled adjusting substage diaphragm caution place microscope direct sunlight strikes mirror cut piece newspaper mm mm square letter printing side place piece newspaper clean slide printed side
wanted living things asked strange object plant animal alive wondered living things thought living things wondered phenomena growth movement reproduction noticed living things look alike asked related spite fact tried answer similar questions hundreds find complete answers important questions science able answer finding answers principal job scientist look living environment living things dozen hundred grass thousands think moment living things nearby insects animals soil bacteria air things ants complicated nests shown figure lives invisibly underground seen living things found inside hot springs water nearly boiling organisms found bottom ocean tops highest mountains depths deepest caves
mendel concluded experiments characteristics studied determined pair hereditary units call genes sperm observed fertilizing egg recognized parents contributed heredity offspring mendel realized gene pair genes parent crossed tall bean plant short tall plant contributed gene tended offspring tall short plant contributed gene tended offspring short mendel noted generation offspring tall concluded gene pair completely dominate called dominant gene gene trait generation case gene shortness called recessive gene mendel assumed cells parent contained dominant type genes generations seeds produced tall plants assumed parent contained genes recessive type offspring generation children received type gene dominant parent recessive individuals gene pairs mixed called hybrids hybrids show characteristic dominant gene idea generally known law dominance
living things tend live habitats classify area according types plants animals live let consider communities found freshwater pond habitat plants live edges pond rooted bottom floating water include pondweed water lilies cattails insects easily observed including mosquitoes water boatmen water striders snails crayfish generally present course expect find species fish tadpoles adult frogs live water muskrat beaver types turtles present examination pond water microscope reveal number microscopic protists plants animals live surrounding pond part habitat zone composed characteristic plants animals parts country expect find full grown trees cottonwood sycamore black willow animal zone consist frogs toads salamanders variety snakes adult mosquitoes number types birds heron kingfisher animals live water narrow zone farther pond expect find dense forest composed trees walnut elm locust ash maple
community living things continue dominate area compete environment remains fire windstorm destroy small numbers organisms soil climate remain unchanged cycle succession repeat climax forest return forest reached balance environment interrelationships members community organism receives food water elements allow compete neighbors organisms die leave community replaced organisms major change environment noticeable change community living things adapted environment easily think examples adaptation swimming animals backbones fins gills oxygen water desert plants generally water storing structures water saving adaptations allow live dry hot environment cactus known find type living thing managed live environment generations assume adapted conditions sufficient water heat factors live grow reproduce compete living things food necessities
actions affect living thing guns fishnets plows chemicals give power destroy species completely examples destructive power disappearance passenger pigeon carolina parakeet small population whooping cranes early settlers found birds living southeastern forests huge numbers completely extinct carefully protected whooping cranes remain study ecology deal valuable information plants animals help preserve studies shown vegetation area support number deer deer protected completely soon number individuals shortage food result starve death laws allowing hunters kill number deer bag limits total population low remaining deer eat prevent total extinction states place limits number game birds fish hunting fishing seasons person agricultural areas common practice pay bounty person kills type animal plan attempt control predatory animals area prey chickens domesticated animals
interesting research exploration space reasons exploring space natural curiosity desire explore unknown possibility finding valuable natural resources chiefly competition nations things reason important minds someday live moon planet fact population continues increase environment polluted find home major problems confronting space exploration sustain human beings travel live earth learned human beings require environment remain alive require continuous supply oxygen constant pressure bodies temperature comfortable covers range ten centigrade degrees obtain minimum amounts food water rid waste products adapted conditions earth requirements easily met humans leave earth find situation requirements provided natural environment vacuum outer space pressurized suits needed human body explode
foods alike composed elements look group beginning word carbo carbon molecule term hydrate refers water composed hydrogen oxygen carbohydrate composed carbon hydrogen oxygen simplest carbohydrate molecules called monosaccharides single sugars examples single sugars include glucose syrup fructose ripe fruits single sugars formula formula water single sugar composed atoms carbon combined molecules water single sugars combined complicated chains amino acids combine form proteins molecules single sugar combine loses hydrogen atom loses atom oxygen atom hydrogen reaction produces disaccharide double sugar molecule water double sugars formula known form table sugar cane sugar beet sugar disaccharides table sugar monosaccharide molecules combined polysaccharide formed means molecule added chain molecule water released polysaccharides found foods form starch
microorganisms microbes called small members living seen aid microscope majority classified belonging protist kingdom microorganisms diseases feared tuberculosis cholera typhoid fever diphtheria hand microbes beneficial aiding ways food production disposal wastes read chapters look ways microorganisms affect living organisms discoveries science occurred development instrument extend senses discoveries science depended ingenuity curiosity try untried ask questions unasked story discovery microorganisms illustrates characteristics science lenses spectacles early fourteenth century galileo crude telescope early lenses similar spectacles galileo telescopes scientists simple microscopes anton van leeuwenhoek dutch merchant amateur lens grinder microscope look small objects june idea looking drops rainwater microscope evidently
living things classified plant animal protozoans simplest animals protozoan comes greek words protos zoon mean animals classification system kingdoms animal plant protist protozoans classified protists protozoans microscopic size composed single cell divided groups basis move photograph amoeba shown figure page sure note absence structures eyes ears mouth legs photograph amoeba misleading amoeba definite shape words observe amoeba shape figure moment changed shape amoeba composed mainly cytoplasm surrounded cell membrane cytoplasm fluid flows footlike structures called pseudopods pseudopods point direction amoeba moves direction greatest flow cytoplasm addition movement pseudopods play part obtaining food amoeba comes contact particle food pseudopods flow food ends pseudopods join food inside amoeba enclosed food vacuole food vacuole moves inside amoeba food digested
immune dangerous diseases vaccinated immunity protection parts die left scarred crippled diseases smallpox polio smallpox diseases vaccination developed polio recently brought control edward jenner english physician discovered means preventing smallpox part england practiced medicine country appeared immune smallpox believed contracted cowpox infected milk cows getting smallpox jenner recorded observations cowpox smallpox twenty convinced minor disease cowpox immune smallpox test idea took matter cowpox sores scratches arm healthy boy boy soon developed cowpox smallpox later contact smallpox patients later jenner scratched boy arm matter smallpox sore scratches boy smallpox jenner experiments successful method preventing feared diseases smallpox cowpox caused viruses alike
liverwort differs moss primarily makeup gametophyte structure liverwort plant looks mass leaves connected directly ground rootlike structures gamete producing organs form ends short stalks grow flat body plant sperm produced plant eggs fertilization takes place sperm swimming female reproductive cell sporophyte structure grows part plant produced egg completely unnoticed spores blown wind moss plant simplest plants vascular system chlorophyll plants species classified phylum fungi characteristics taxonomists consider protist kingdom fungi food chlorophyll food living organisms fungi live dead bodies organisms important function organisms decompose dead remains carbon chemicals returned environment green plants manufacture food material fungi live parasites living organisms fungi including smuts rusts losses food supply attack apples corn wheat rye crops
called dark reaction photosynthesis high energy molecules atp tpnh react carbon dioxide diffused cell process energy high energy molecules transferred molecules formed atom oxygen split molecule carbon dioxide atoms combine hydrogen atoms tpnh form water remainder hydrogen atoms combine left carbon dioxide molecules form monosaccharide molecule energy sun ends stored sugar molecule summary photosynthesis showing light dark reactions presented figure consult college high school biology textbook interested learning details process photosynthesis investigation page help understand factors affecting photosynthesis studied laboratory role light especially important ways study effects light recent developments study photosynthesis illustrate important characteristics science understand food making process plants study chemistry living things physics light nature plants big problems science cut branches science pointed order gain knowledge develop tools techniques isotopes
farmers scientists working learned produce food happened production corn united states acre produced bushels corn similar raised american indians average bushels acre yields bushels acre unusual increase corn production percent thing development hybrid corn varieties bigger ears desirable characteristics yields increased chemical fertilizers chemical sprays control weeds insects learned producing corn crops united states raise food parts varieties wheat corn rice developed huge experimental farm mexico city plants helping turn barren fields asia green food factories progress called green revolution food eat produced directly indirectly plants live land part light energy strikes earth falls land percent earth surface covered water percent photosynthesis takes place occurs plants live ocean
grandfather tell story hungering lion shouted children seated baobab tree children scurried pushed sit close women fields smiled imanu retelling stories past ago king mali son boy boy sundiata sick meant hungering lion walk stand knew medicine cure king died evil sumanguru took country mali cruel leaders killed taxes high families poor hated whispered magic power harm killed sundiata intelligent young wanted king sumanguru exercised legs grew stronger forced walk finally learned ride horse expert horseman messengers kings hated sumanguru send weapons defeat sumanguru armies met battlefield sumanguru magic overcome sundiata took arrow point sharp part white rooster leg shot sumanguru
difficult james henry breasted money deal going read translate known egyptian writings going write complete history egypt ancient complicated puzzle wanted put pieces tracked egyptian writings museums libraries private collections searched europe mediterranean ruins egypt book history egypt known facts ancient archeologists known important ancient times real chapter breasted tells king dreamed making place live ideas king amenhotep iv young inherited military empire ruled lands wealth empire believed gods important gods amen god thebes thebes important city egypt priests wealthy powerful actually chosen pharaoh king times king worship amen young amenhotep wanted worship aten god sun sun forbade worship amen
watching earth formed let suppose billion ago space planet scientists studying stars universe kind report written scientists planet observed huge ball gases outer space ball gases called sun passed cloud dust gas particles sun carried cloud scientists reported movement inside cloud looked explosion clouds cloud sun clouds solid spheres mixture iron rock scientists beginning concentrate sphere planet sun named earth temperature planet high hot melt iron earth cooled water formed collected lower places formed oceans bulletin scientists report activity earth surface surface cooling huge cracks folds earth cover developing large areas land seen land keeps changing heat cold water ice bringing deep inside earth rumblings hot lava pouring volcanoes earthquakes valleys cut land
piece piece carefully removed slabs black rock found dig friends archeological dig susa capital ancient kingdom elam elam fertile crescent began placing pieces stone formed block nearly feet height slab rock covered strange wedge shaped markings symbols known cuneiform writing job try understand symbols meant brushed dust gathered top block noticed drawing sun god handing scroll king hammurabi ruled babylonia king list code hundred eighty laws babylonia suddenly realized wonderful discovery knew ancient babylonia lived find speak friends evidence king hammurabi felt laws land fair tried reform months careful study hammurabi wrote entirely code laws believed laws fair returned office early morning study cuneiform writing rocks
typical autumn morning athens sunny cool cato watched athens climb hill government athens met thousand seated stone benches took seat roar crowd standing clapping gray haired dressed white robe walked slowly center hill turned seated king looked surprise stranger replied leading citizen king athens equal wonder speak learn government permission pericles happy speak meeting pleased tell government believes athens school hellas greece pericles began speak government neighbors constitution copy laws city states power hands think power hands
dark filthy pens housed slaves meeting taking place slave named spartacus called group slaves plan escape escape plan success part understood slaves move purpose meeting persuade participate escape choice spartacus stay die chance survival lies walls die let die free let die animals penned cage let forget lands forget differences unity victory lives remarked cruxus food clothing shelter job poor freemen hungry homeless jobs slaves live worse owner looks property cares poor freeman left say true replied spartacus free wonderful feeling unlike free father pay debts sold slavery young child
sculpture dad jonathan detail perfect feel strength athlete prepares throw discus comment jonathan think learned appreciate art art sake think artist felt subject think fascinated sculptor thought human body beautiful say look greek sculptures show ugly body sure greeks youthful bodies society human bodies shown look bodies athletes jonathan exercise important part daily lives boys took part sporting events games competition writer wonders wonderful ancient greece interested mind body surroundings creations admired athlete society certainly athlete favorite subject artists jonathan father able family capital cities home enjoying slide pictures trip athens greece
prince henry continued walked home night candle idea shape room held hands front ran hand walls help find sailors problems find tools let sailor oceans couldn believe enrique brindos presence navigator prince henry built school navigators simple captain ship trained navigator prince henry wanted portugal share knowledge wealth east crusaders brought samples eastern culture spices food taste medicines worked miracles clothing soft caressed skin portugal country open direct trade east captain brindos solutions offer asked prince henry sir voyages met sailors countries east told secrets tools witchcraft called astrolabe magical instrument tells latitude ship amazing captain knowing latitude pinpoint interrupted prince course sir drop float front ship timed took float pass rear ship
picture ruled sun moon stars rain rain fell months rest rain india millions affected climate ravi manish wife family children live farm northern india ravi oldest son akbar farm help feed rest family ravi akbar try plant rice crops wheat crop summer months bring proper amount rain rains arrive able harvest rice crop akbar learned wheat requires moisture grow drier soils winter months rice needs lot water fact early rice plants grow surface water months march april warm tropical sun bakes earth solid concrete sidewalk plants die sun heat lack water manish family watches summer sky sign black rain clouds clap thunder roars sky smiles faces indian farmers lightning flashes
kim su messenger lord told deliver important message message ruler southern china soon leave walled city northern part china travel south yangtze river region chariot packed food clothing items needed journey prepared trip wondered find barbaric region yangtze river northern china thought civilized knew thought civilized barbaric centuries northern chinese settled valley hwang ho river referred land middle kingdom believed lived center kim su climbed chariot turned look homeland eyes saw flat dry dusty land stretched horizon northwest faint outline mountains mountains flowed wide twisting shallow river earth hills water yellow color knew color due loess les soil soil blown frequent wind storms wind storms mountains northwest picked fine soil
chiang bright boy parents wise realize tried encourage learn seventeen knew succeeded chiang regarded scholar important thing scholar learned read write memorized enormous amount literature chinese emperors knew educated needed governments early century han dynasty encouraged building university purpose train educate seek jobs government afford training needed education chiang risen farming class special group known scholars show scholar let fingernails grow inches hand called manual labor manual labor considered beneath dignity scholar prove worked brain hands scholars let fingernails grow positions high office government royal family government positions hereditary chiang glad emperors han dynasty changed tradition han dynasty realized capable young willing able serve government young capable members royal family
johnny hong continued talking americans don try learn chinese history older country johnny steven saying trying learn china studying china school yeah bet heard confucius johnny laughed fact giving report class hear demanded johnny hong chinese person greatest history china confucius lived christ teacher government official home traveled china saw times disturbed violence searched bring peace searching studied ancient documents find traditions handed father son thousands ideas confucius began religion thinking tried show behave sayings found book called analects sayings book tell confucius thought important thing acted taught lessons examples harsh laws
lonely jungles southeast africa stands group stone remains called zimbabwe bantu language word zimba means houses word magbi sounds babwe means stones zimbabwe group stone houses look hills tall fort set land carefully built wall granite rising wall cone shaped towers larger remains stone homes king court live center strange religious group built zimbabwe huge breathtaking mysterious zimbabwe hundreds hundreds german scientist karl mauch looked fort strange walls towers stone staircases ruins nearby valley seen ruins africa magnificent walked remains believe built africans puzzling lived area built mud huts tools weapons primitive kind surely couldn built things mauch thought wondered wondered finally worked explanation
place western coast africa drums passing news forest village talking careful bargain don want lose ounce gold weights measures carefully check products things harm allowed land trip area sailors stole valuable cat didn think notice sailed fast news robbery reached port port trade returned cat paid dutch geographer wrote benin ship anchors coast king told calls agents twenty thirty merchants business white traders reports europeans empire benin show land tell size city streets riches visitor wrote town enter huge street paved times larger largest street home king court large guarded
newspaper article find modern african newspaper central africa september african patient modern hospital recovery today illness modern medicine job morning family brought potion witch doctor put patient died medicine witch doctor called blamed hospital articles seen african newspapers week young modern african medicine problems let read young african college student schools education opens minds longer control fear magic try tricks stop going school warn parents terrible things happen caught cold hurt playing football witch doctor tell parents told told parents lose respect leave return imagine predictions true wanted university hundred miles parents didn give university ready teacher village don let witch doctor stop going school
ship float birds fly south winter exist planets answer question finished book searching answers questions answers questions complex require careful thought study facts needed answer questions correctly curious desire explore unknown observe question reason wants find parts studying science learn discovered facts questions answer learning answers questions lead ask questions try ask questions find answers effectively ask questions search answers organized organized questioning answering purpose science science thought composed parts part called product science consists facts ideas gathered recorded organized knowledge living things grow reproduce part product science facts ideas form product science discovered seek answers questions information results careful observations experiments conducted learn surroundings
born weight length birth carefully noted recorded measurement important everyday clocks rulers thermometers measure length temperature leave school morning dress clothing standard size cloth clothing measured cut sewed select clothes according air temperature measured degrees correct measurements essential scientific research technology scientists solve problem collect data related problem measurements kinds important forms data tall house school order answer questions familiar units length unit fixed measure standard number quantity amount units numbers units practical science everyday order measure choose unit units natural instance counting number marbles bag natural unit marble units arbitrary suppose need distance posts chould choose measure distance posts paces feet yards meters arbitrary units measurement system measurement meaning requires agreement users
scientists determined normal temperature human body approximately varies slightly individuals temperature body functioning thermometer valuable tool nurses doctors degrees variation body temperature illness things specific temperatures automobile engine operate cooling system regulate temperature engine running heat burning gasoline temperature engine rise water circulated engine special tubes metal help lower temperature circulating water warmed engine cooled air drawn radiator fan thermostat control temperature automobile engine thermostat heat sensitive device temperature engine low thermostat closed water flow radiator engine warm thermostat opens water passes engine cooling radiator controlling flow water thermostat regulates engine temperature ways thermostat control temperature electrically operated thermostat turn furnace air conditioner control room temperature
notice oxygen product photosynthesis oxygen passes pores plant leaves able collect oxygen elodea plant plants produce oxygen test answer chlorophyll green material plant leaves photosynthesis chlorophyll acts catalyst catalyst substance increases decreases speed chemical change catalyst consumed chemical change included word chemical equation amount chlorophyll catalyst exists chemical change exists change chlorophyll simply increases speed photosynthesis photosynthesis place presence chlorophyll catalysts involved chemical iron rusts iron combines oxygen air think rust rapidly wet iron dry iron remember steel wool activity wet iron rusts rapidly dry iron water acts catalyst rusting iron iron combine oxygen rapidly bicycles skates exposed rain begin rust quickly coating paint oil helps prevent rusting apparatus figure removed light elodea longer forms oxygen bubbles chemical reaction stops light energy essential photosynthesis chemical reactions photosynthesis place light energy
general smoother surface objects friction say waxed floor slippery mean friction force floor feet friction feet slide accidents caused car sliding icy streets driver applies brakes friction tires icy surface stop car notice low coefficient friction steel ice table compare coefficients friction tires wet dry surface fact rolling object friction reducing friction force ball bearing roller bearing practical examples principle bearing wheel axle reduces friction large friction force energy exerted move object converted heat energy heat energy slowly wears surfaces contact lubricants oil grease substances reduce friction wear lubricants surfaces smooth reduce friction oil grease graphite produce fine coating moving surfaces surfaces slide easily oil axle bearings bikes roller skates reduce friction reduce wear reduced friction makes roller skating bicycle riding easier
inclined plane slanted surface raising objects higher elevations stairs mountain road escalator ramp examples inclined plane effort force needed inclined plane object moved distance slanted surface object lifted straight large effort force applied short distance mechanical advantage inclined plane length divided height find inclined planes figure calculate effort force required move roll carpet inclined planes ignore effect friction solving problems wedge double inclined plane knife lawn mower blade opener blade wedges length wedge divided thickness determines mechanical advantage wedge narrow wedge requires small effort force overcome resistance force sharpen knife decreasing thickness cutting edge increases mechanical advantage need effort cut sharp knife dull screw circular inclined plane appears inclined plane wound center form cylinder figure screw screw requires small effort force turning overcome large resistance force
muscles control tightness vocal cords tension vocal cords increased tighter vibrate faster frequency vibration increase produces sound higher pitch sing scale tighten vocal cords increase frequency vibration scale young children high pitched voices vocal cords thin flexible vibrate high frequency boys voices change noticeably grow older vocal cords thicker tougher result voices deeper lower pitch listen young girl speak listen mother speak surprised learn girls voices change change noticeable boys voices chest cavity mouth throat increase amplitude sounds voice give individual quality voice speak friend telephone distinguish voice voices friends ways voices differences voices due differences quality pitch loudness ears perform marvelous job change sound waves nerve impulses messages sound strikes ears impulses travel nerves brain childhood learned identify sounds
light energy regulates daily need light size shape color things light energy makes live look nerve endings eyes stimulated light electric impulses brain result brain interprets impulses objects light form energy heard felt tasted measure speed study properties eyes sensitive light detect presence created number inventions sensitive light examples photographic film photoelectric cells light chemical photography based chemical caused light light dyes clothing reason clothing storekeeper cover store windows clear yellow plastic material material filters light prevents colors clothing window fading light produce electric currents metals photoelectric cell works principle light strikes metal cesium cs inside cell electric current produced light energy changed electrical energy energy photoelectric cells open doors automatically approach astronomers observed comets move sun tails stream
discovery gave additional support wave theory discovery polarization light according wave theory light sun source transverse waves transverse waves vibrate plane waves vibrate vibrate side side vibrate diagonal directions polarizing materials camera polarizing filters light waves vibrate plane polarization unpolarized light takes place light waves vibrate direction polarization easy explain comparing light wave vibrating rope figure rope produces transverse waves vertical slit figure slit turned angle wave motion transverse wave stops polaroid substance series fine slits slits small naked eye light waves vibrate plane polaroid slits pass slits light waves stopped polarized light consists light waves vibrate single plane slits polaroid filters angles light waves light passes wave theory supported consistent known facts light instance light strikes metals electrons known photoelectric effect
radio station sound waves speech music directed microphone sound waves changed electric waves energy carried sound waves metal diaphragm inside microphone vibrate vibrating diaphragm forms alternating current electric circuit connected result alternating current electric waves produced electric currents produced microphone weak frequency sound waves amplified vacuum tubes transistors amplified means strength current increased amplifier radio control booth increases amperage currents strengthened electric waves carried wire transmitter sender broadcasting transmitter electric waves strengthened combined powerful carrier waves carrier wave radio wave implies carries sound receiver known radio transmitter sends radio waves broadcasting tower tower radio waves radiate air form pattern similar ripples pebble dropped pool radio receiver converts radio waves electric waves converted sound waves radio receiver reproduce original sounds speech music directed microphone broadcasting station radio waves traveling air strike radio aerial produce weak alternating electric current
television waves broadcasting antenna strike receiving antenna attached television receiver waves produce alternating current antenna wires feed signal tv set converted sound patterns light vacuum tubes transistors inside television set amplify current alternating current electrical waves vary magnetism electromagnets control electron beam regulate number electrons strike picture tube screen spots spot glows fraction human eye blends picture parts screen light parts dark eyes dots picture picture reproduces original scene viewed television camera studio color television substances inside picture tube substances form tiny dots dots glow struck stream electrons substance glows red glows green glows blue separate electron guns fire electrons dots electrons gun fall red dots electrons gun fall green dots electrons gun fall blue dots differences strength electron beam intensity color produced dot vary dots small seen
sun constantly losing hydrogen gaining helium nuclear fusion mass converted energy nuclear fusion nuclear fission helium atom results fusion hydrogen atoms weighs original hydrogen atoms matter converted light energy heat energy light heat sun products nuclear fusion energy reaches earth billionths total energy sun exploding hydrogen bomb nuclear fusion hydrogen bomb imitates sun nuclear fusion sun exploding hydrogen bomb referred thermonuclear reaction prefix thermo means heat nuclear fusion requires millions degrees celsius temperature occur instance temperature inside sun thought million degrees celsius temperature inside exploding hydrogen bomb million celsius degrees high temperature required start fusion hydrogen atoms atomic bomb fuse hydrogen bomb atomic bomb produces heat energy start thermonuclear reaction hydrogen bomb lies major difference hydrogen bomb atomic bomb yield energy atomic bomb release limited true hydrogen bomb theory limit size hydrogen weapon fifty megaton hydrogen bombs exist megaton unit equal million tons tons
gregor mendel austrian monk discovered basic laws heredity mendel studied heredity pea plants experiments led important discoveries mendel observed pea plants short bushy tall climbing saw pea plants produced yellow seeds produced green seeds variety color flowers pea plants experimented determine traits passed generation planted seeds short pea plants produced short pea plants seeds short plants produced short plants mendel planted seeds short plants observed result short plants grew seeds short plants characteristic shortness carries generation generation characteristic pure shortness pure characteristic pea plants seeds short pea plants produce short pea plants mendel discovered pure characteristics pea plants tallness yellow seeds green seeds pure traits passed generation generation mendel thought traits pea plants wondered happen crossed tall short pea plants cross breeding pure plants animals species plants seeds resulting plant tall short seeds pea plant descendent plant grow pea plant egg pollen grain pea seed formed produced flower
process selection developed breeds breed group animals plants descended common animals similar characteristics member breed called purebred animal plant undesirable genes eliminated breeding animals plants undesirable traits cross breeds results crossbred called mixed breeds mongrel dog crossbred crossbred opposite purebred crossbred animal hardier disease resistant purebred special trait called hybrid vigor disadvantage mixed breeds animals breed true characteristics offspring controlled purebred pups resemble parents variety pups mongrel dogs true hybrid result cross species mule hybrid animal result cross female horse male donkey mule disease resistant endure hard male mules female mules sterile disease resistant plants produced selection hybrid crossing developing disease resistant variety seeds plants disease resistant planted selection repeated generation generation finally selections crosses plants disease resistant plants hybrid result artificial pollination
tall thick forests covered northern part united states europe land areas temperate hardwood forest biome unlike evergreen forests north forests hardwood deciduous trees deciduous trees lose leaves winter conditions temperate forest biome winter temperatures mild rainfall averages cm stately thick stands hardwood trees found areas northeastern united states remain europe carefully maintained supervised national governments oak hickory plentiful sections areas dominated beech maple notable fact conditions hardwood forest change season winter summer civilization achieved advanced development temperate hardwood forest biome farms villages cities carved wilderness trees cut build homes barns factories temperate hardwood forest biome greatly changed hard find remains original forests young trees shrubs plants multiply rapidly floor hardwood forest number species bear fruits nuts excellent food animals deer bear squirrel fox bobcat wild turkey plentiful forests northeast places remain places extinct
learned farm looked fertile land find live valleys rivers fertile farm land supply water travel river easy cheap civilizations grew river valleys unit learn river valley civilizations ancient find large number live river valleys today ancient writer egypt gift nile mighty nile river meant egyptians ago today nile rises mountains central africa ethiopia waters pass miles mountains swampland africa enter egypt civilization egypt built miles river course sea summer nile flooded precious water covered land miles side river making fertile egyptian farmers grow wheat barley cotton river fields farther river fertile means irrigation water system dry seasons egyptians built mud holes banks river higher bucket attached turning pole brought water level reached lowest level water ran irrigation ditches
slogans ancient civilizations slogan china outlived china land larger united states traces civilization older egypt mesopotamia found chinese civilization known existed ago goes today geography china civilization develop early yellow yangtze rivers meant hundreds fertile valleys transportation rivers china soil rainfall egypt fertile crescent geography china land southeastern china pacific ocean climate states south carolina georgia plenty rain soil northern china plains rainfall half country covered highlands mountains divide land places early chinese lived small separate villages village saw village china differed customs ideas chinese knew early civilizations eastern coast china cut ocean high mountains cut china south west north opening invaders wanderers north invade china change chinese
tried cross small stream knows find place stones step stream stepping stones help person reach opposite side connect opposite shores stream history stepping stones connecting points travel place island crete mediterranean sea smaller islands aegean sea historic stepping stones map page shows crete close greece egypt ago ruins ancient civilization uncovered island crete civilization dates ruins city knossos capital showed city palaces paintings walls plumbing homes pipes carrying drinking water rich civilization crete traded asia minor lands asia mediterranean egypt proven paintings found walls ancient egyptian monuments showing cretans paintings cretan tell land fertile cretans turned sea living traded olive oil pottery bronze goods copper gold silver found parts ancient greece wild unsettled cretan civilization height
need law order want feel safe homes history shows ways find peace safety want early centuries roman empire peace forced peace strong oppose power roman armies safe downfall rome meant end law order europe law order modern nations born barbarian tribes roman empire lived rough uncivilized turns invading empire rome small parts empire conquered tribes city rome fell empire ended tribesmen city fighting peoples war enemy fighting tribe ruled chief lived mud huts hunted fished living read write schools wanderers easily grew tired living place moving barbarians conquered rome roman culture end completely customs romans mixed customs invaders barbarians builders romans
today fourth united states members roman catholic church rest members religious groups middle ages western europe catholic rulers lords serfs alike catholic lived died protection catholic church religion drew comfort needed stand terrible troubles belief happiness death led earth important poor serfs united believing religion real nations bring pope head catholic church took place peter bishop rome power pope rulers europe catholic obeyed pope meant church controlled political religious matters pope church actually reached bishops priests church important landowner controlling large territories church officials vassals holding fiefs lord paid tithe sum money support church church wealthier bought land church ways punishing rulers common disobeyed church religious political matters
europeans traded africa mediterranean sea centuries ancient rome fought wars african city carthage birth jesus romans explore africa sahara desert blocked middle africa blacks west africa touched outsiders thousands organized kingdoms africa middle ages camel helped change course history west africa century camels brought north africa berbers berbers desert tribe camel cross sahara desert arab traders began cross sahara camel caravans trade black tribes trade continued grow century arabs brought books written language moslem religion black converted religion islam early african kingdoms told arab writers early arab traders interested getting slaves slavery part west africa egypt greece rome white traders slaves blacks blacks slaves black tribes captured war foreigner tribe slave
centuries wars change lives europe end century countries democratic england democracy english voice government power english king limited gained civil rights holland switzerland gains democracy true rest europe power kings countries absolute claimed rule divine kings waged wars spent money wished nobles common say government rulers punished trial forced living countries follow religion enlightened kings complete power unfortunately wise rulers wonder educated began speak openly governments social classes divided land including england nobles lived homes large estates spite wealth say governments served king turn servants nobles spent hunting dancing entertaining ruler court peasants chiefly farmers farming methods changed europe
louis xvi mistake gathered force palace versailles paris saw move threat national assembly angry formed called mob mob crowd city workers unemployed paris saw chance riot steal july captured bastille prison spoken king prisoners bastille freed rioting spread countryside homes lands nobles raided burned absolute rule end france bastille celebrated national holiday france disorder continued october hundreds women marched palace versailles lafayette charge national guard saved king queen harm marchers forced rulers return paris paris crowd shouted baker baker wife baker boy bread king louis xvi marie antoinette practically prisoners paris national assembly passed laws freeing serfs france ended privileges nobility clergy ended special taxes assembly wrote declaration rights naming ideals revolution
napoleon knew england real enemy england french colonies america india navy greatest admiral nelson defeated french fleet battle trafalgar naval battle napoleon invading england decided defeat english england wealth success based export products selling goods nations destroy england napoleon decided ruin trade ordered nation europe buy english goods system trading england known napoleon continental system nations europe controlled allied napoleon follow system continental system certainly hurt england hurt rest europe europe wanted goods england sell countries began smuggle english goods french army patrolled coasts able stop english ships coming europe revenge england ordered countries europe trade france english seized american ships bound europe believed french ports actions led war england united states attempt stop trade england europe reasons napoleon downfall rest europe opposed
walk elevator operator takes floor want times walk elevator operator push button elevator goes floor want automatically called automation automation means machinery works automatically automation newest living manufacturing part industrial revolution industrial revolution going centuries began john kay invention flying shuttle stage industrial revolution continued middle century took place mainly england nations europe busy napoleonic wars revolutions england developing factory system soon known workshop supplied foreign countries goods industrial revolution factory system spread countries reached united states rest europe industrial revolution reached united states samuel slater built textile factory america war american industries began grow quickly building factories united states stopped industrial revolution began slowly france holland belgium england leader beginning industrial revolution later united states moved ahead
british labor party tried pass laws protected workers tried put important industries government ownership law labor party helped pass trades disputes act law unions pay damage property caused strikes law ended taff vale decision war british labor party strong took place liberal party important parties britain elections labor party largest majority party parliament chose prime minister ran government england labor party ran british government war ii clement attlee prime minister labor party brought britain system insurance age sickness unemployment passed labor party labor party set system medicine britain put large part medical system government control government sees hospitals run controls services prices doctors dentists british government tries care citizens cradle grave system medicine insurance britain called welfare
english literature german music french art english chemistry german biology french astronomy science international subject stop country boundaries scientists nations touch meetings reports discussing problems making atomic bomb bomb invention americans result ideas experiments scientists countries included marie curie france niels bohr denmark enrico fermi italy lise meitner albert einstein germany robert oppenheimer united states atomic bomb space travel scientific achievements success based experiments findings earlier scientists modern science based theories developed included germ theory atomic theory theory evolution theory generating making electricity theory relativity medicine past century brought discoveries developments robert koch german discovered germ caused tuberculosis emil von german developed drug cured diphtheria walter reed american discovered yellow fever carried mosquitoes recently alexander fleming englishman discovered penicillin selman waksman american discovered streptomycin drugs cure kinds sickness jonas salk vaccine polio latest discoveries
black africa south sahara desert speak hundreds languages dialects common languages zulu south africa swahili east africa hausa west africa easy government leaders understand speak language africans live small villages tribes loyal tribal chiefs national leaders africa making progress education living villages taught read write languages loyalty tribe lack education problems nations africa solve future republic south africa southern tip continent richest country africa presents problem blacks africa republic south africa million bantu blacks million white called afrikaners million mixed ancestry called coloreds government industry run whites white government follows strict policy separating white african blacks called policy apartheid apartheid policy blacks forced live separate areas whites chance lives vote hold office
difference cold war hot war cold war battles bombings cold war fought calling propaganda spies subversion plot overthrow lawful government called subversion cold war going twenty side free nations led united states side communist nations led soviet union china war ii united states soviet union fought defeat nazi german armies war united states soviet union bitter enemies rivals passed end war kind crisis nations nations allies enemies reasons war ii united states soviet union agree treaty germany finally divided germany separate nations west germany free elections held set democratic form government called west german republic east germany soviet union force set communist government called east german democratic republic united nations soviet union united states leaders rival groups
read amazing headlines newspapers astronauts walk moon achievement hundreds scientists end war ii scientific achievement war modern age called scientific revolution learning space knowledge universe grown learned things biology medicine chemistry learned nuclear power peaceful jobs learning power sun beginning ocean waters drinking irrigation farm lands exploration space exciting scientific developments began war ii germans rocket bombs war soviet scientists continued rocket experiments surprised putting small object called satellite path earth american scientists quickly joined race explore space result rocket experiments invention bombs called missiles fired distances targets huge rocket missiles united states soviet union travel thousands miles carry atomic hydrogen bombs war fighting nations destroy hours missiles
show location map makers lines crisscross map lines map east west direction north south lines earth surface imaginary believe lines invented map makers locate place earth east west lines map called lines latitude imaginary line latitude circles earth center called equator called equator half equally distant north south poles equator miles longest line latitude earth equator divides earth parts northern hemisphere southern hemisphere hemi means half hemisphere half sphere globe northern hemisphere lies equator north pole southern hemisphere lies equator south pole lines latitude run parallel equator means point line latitude distance equator lines parallels numbered degrees show north south equator lines degree latitude miles earth surface figure dividing miles circumference earth number degrees sphere city miles north equator degree north
earth spins axis imaginary line earth pole spinning earth axis called rotation rotation earth night complete turn earth takes hours full night rotates earth moving sun movement called revolution path movement called orbit full revolution takes days earth orbits sun axis leans tilts degrees tilt seasons half earth revolution months north pole tilted sun lies sunlight south pole tilted sun lies darkness tilting north pole sun lasts june december summer fall northern half earth winter spring southern half earth continues orbit sun south pole tilts slowly sun south pole receives months daylight north pole darkness dark period lasts december june summer fall southern half earth winter spring northern half
hills general lower mountains hard tell difference high hills low mountains hills higher feet sea level live hills mountains hills lower flatter easier reach hills living plateaus land forms rise sharply land flat top high latitutes plateaus cold greenland antarctica covered snow ice low latitudes cool healthful climates plains hot uncomfortable plateaus western united states dry surrounded mountains block rainfall main fewer live highlands plains living miners lumbermen raise cattle sheep highland farming hard rains wash seeds soil soil remains thin rocky hilly parts east southern europe farmers cut terraces steps hillsides add amount land farm mountains source minerals coal iron ore minerals materials mined dug earth streams tumble mountainsides electric power mountains travel difficult
industrialized countries depend heavily need goods services nations farmers depend cities goods services need turn townspeople depend farmer food farmers townspeople depend steady flow raw materials goods place place stops goods moving flood power failure war hard exchange goods called trade trade takes place nations produce goods need goods left sell nations buy goods need offer canada sell extra grain china china pay grain goods money money canada buy special machinery england think england money canada goods directly producer consumer buy goods stores called consumers consumer parents friends bought goods pass hands cotton shirt goes cotton grower picker egyptian indian baler shipper chinese merchant designer manufacturer salesman wholesaler retailer americans stops raw material consumer
region study anglo america countries united states canada largest nations soviet union larger canada united states ranks fourth size communist china united states canada located middle high latitudes northern hemisphere thirds north america common language ideas government countries friendly worked partners richest region natural resources united states canada resources region farming manufacturing trading southern neighbors latin america region study region includes part north america south america countries latin america belonged spain portugal france studied catholics speak spanish portuguese region largely tropical subtropical climate mountains provide cooler home descendants europeans indians negroes small farming farming large estates chief kinds countries latin america export raw materials parts
united states canada land forms look map opposite lowland stretches north south east coast anglo america atlantic coastal plain wider south north western side bordered chain low mountains peaks smoothed glaciers ago united states mountains called appalachians rich wood coal water power west low mountains plain reaches gulf mexico south arctic ocean north east meridian line longitude plains called central plains fertile richest farmlands west meridian plains called plains drier dry lands rise slowly rocky mountains canada plains drained east st lawrence river canada important river flows northeast forms part border countries st lawrence seaway connects lakes atlantic ocean united states plains drained mississippi river branches mississippi begins border united states canada flows south gulf mexico joined large rivers
kind business turn nation goods employ workers nation goods corporations corporations businesses large need money person persons provide need money factories machines raw materials money things called capital money raised selling shares business buy shares stocks called stockholders part owners business end stockholders want money company company adds sales money received goods sold adds expenses money paid wages rent taxes raw materials difference sales expenses called profit profit goes stockholders company buy machines build plants find products money meet expenses company business run businesses idea making money workers try money labor join organizations called labor unions higher pay working conditions
war ii canada mined iron ore chiefly lake superior large deposits found quebec labrador border ore easy mine hard bring cities railroad cut wilderness discovery iron riches canada important united states means united states able buy iron ore neighbor supply run short canada power resources important source power falling water canada industries aluminum paper run hydro electric power power falling water waters st lawrence river supply electricity nearby parts canada united states united states canada reached agreement building dams columbia river dams provide electricity factories canada province british columbia northwest important sources power oil natural gas canada bring oil countries discoveries oil west permit canada sell oil countries oil natural gas giant pipelines carry gas oil parts country canada rich fish forests furs canada atlantic pacific coastal waters fishing grounds grand banks coast newfoundland important fishing ground
united states areas fertile farmland farming area smaller canada countries raise need countries large exporters food farms countries range size small large farmers land live farmhouses middle fields small villages farmers parts countries farmers latest farming methods machinery turn larger crops fewer workers fertilizers seeds anglo american farmers doubled size crops need farm workers left farms cities farms united states canada commercial farms farms raise cash crop crop sale means farmers provide markets regions farms raise main cash crop grow kinds vegetables fruits grains land dry farming rivers dammed provide water irrigation dams store water reservoirs lakes needed stored water farms miles canals built nations raise sheep cattle dry western lands
large part latin america rain forest forest indian tribes live villages rivers crowded trees plants grow fast hot wet climate insects carry diseases travel paths thick jungle growing food problem soil poor keeping food spoiling difficult hot climate indians rain forest lead simple lives grow food small clearings open spaces forest clear land chopping trees burning thick brush land cleared women start planting forest food hunting fishing chief foods rain forest bananas yams kind sweet potato manioc indians find clearing soil worn heavy rains washed minerals soil fertile tribe travels rivers streams find place clearing kind farming called migratory farming farmer moves place place search soil indians nearly products forest houses thatch straw grass leaves
columbus indians learned stone aztecs mayans built stone temples tops pyramids incas peru built forts mountainsides forts heavy stone blocks ground size shaped fit stone buildings standing today indians clay working hands indian craftsmen formed vases jars bowls pottery decorated pictures indian gods animals battles showed lived pictures cut soft clay sharp tool painted pot baked fired indians clay today inca indians fine weavers cotton wool materials shawls blankets serapes colored cloth dye juices plants indians today wear colorful blankets indians mined gold silver metals money making beautiful objects indian chiefs gold silver dishes cups jewelry samples beautiful seen today pieces found indian graves gold silver melted conquerors latin american music comes indian aztecs held dances honor gods
president monroe united states defend freedom countries latin america southern neighbors pleased friendly feeling changed shortly united states war mexico territory texas latin americans thought united states picked smaller neighbor bad feeling caused war lasted fifty later united states war spain cuba spain colonies caribbean americans felt spanish mistreating cuban result war cuba won independence spain united states took island puerto rico united states protected watched cuba longer large naval base island panama belonged colombia panama wanted free united states supported panama short revolt panama won freedom united states land panama build famous panama canal canal important united states short cut ships going atlantic pacific action gave rise anger latin americans felt help panama revolt colombia president theodore roosevelt warships venezuela stop european nations taking country
west germany located middle europe north land flat northern lowlands part european plain south west germany hilly mountainous plateaus farther south alps form part west germany southern border switzerland austria west germany rivers longest important rhine busiest waterway western europe rises central highland europe flows north west north sea elbe weser rivers flow central highlands europe north sea south danube river rises alps flows east austria rivers connected canals ship goods west germany north canada climate milder canada warm winds west winds warmed north atlantic drift blow land giving west germany marine climate farther east winters colder summers hotter germany divided small kingdoms rulers fought rivers highlands tended germany divided germany finally nation leadership otto von bismarck believing makes built strong army won wars austria france set german empire
norway mountainous sweden land ranges rolling plains south mountains plateaus north northwest finland low plateau countries lakes rivers streams canals atlantic coast norway lined inlets called fiords narrow bodies water ringed tall cliffs reach inland carved mountains ages ago glaciers beautiful glaciers norwegian mountains climate northern countries cold think atlantic coast norway southern parts sweden finland milder rest region summer temperatures san francisco winter area cold chicago detroit mild climate due north atlantic drift warms surrounding waters winds blowing area sweden finland shut warm west winds mountains winters colder norway countries high standard living schooling important educated medical care expect live lives enjoy comforts enjoy radios telephones automobiles farmers fishermen lumberjacks today factories offices
poland part european plain east germany west plain stretches poland soviet union east south carpathian mountains poland largest river vistula rises vistula flows north land empties baltic sea northern poland small lakes poland humid continental climate northeast west poland warmed winds blowing atlantic ocean move east winds lose warmth winters east longer colder summers shorter west countries boundaries poland country eastern europe fought powerful neighbors times poland large country small country country poland stronger neighbors poles fought times win freedom succeed poland free nation war freedom poland divided germany soviet union germany attacked russia poland completely german control russian armies returned poland drove germans west end war russians control country poland set
ancient times night phases moon passing seasons marked flow seasons winter summer spring fall occur known tropical takes earth complete revolution sun length tropical precisely days hours minutes seconds dates tropical worth remembering dates june september december march marks beginning season june sun noon directly tropic cancer imaginary line north equator june known summer solstice beginning summer northern hemisphere hours daylight northern hemisphere june fact part alaska regions arctic circle hours daylight september earth revolved fourth orbit position june sun noon directly equator september earth axis tilted sun sun exactly hours daylight hours darkness place earth reason september known fall equinox equal nights winter northern hemisphere begins winter solstice december
heard static radio radio static undesirable noise interferes broadcast sun radio waves static earth fact stars give radio waves waves provide clues nature location stars form basis radio astronomy radio astronomy study universe means radio telescopes invention radio telescope beginning radio astronomy shortly war ii scientific principles construction radio telescope consists antenna connected radio receiver antenna cup shaped mounted pointed point sky weak radio signals picked antenna strengthened amplifying vacuum tubes receiver converted sounds heard recorded graph radio signals originate stars light study signals received telescope helps astronomers uncover information sun stars radio telescope astronomer discover star distance location size speed rotation radio telescope powerful scientific tool explore outer space star giant size mass tremendously hot glowing gases distance star appears point light night sky
hello say true don worry friend matter fact important friend maybe introduce air yes read lot seen television programs making news talk combination things gases feel wave hand feel skin deep breath let slowly slowly feel pretty don think experience feel unfortunately humans beginning mess left pretty balance gases amounts oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen enable animals plants grow carbon monoxide gases build amounts oxygen carbon dioxide living things happens cities chicago york los gary detroit throw gases sky don wrong cities lot qualities
significant suggested increased ddt pesticides treat seeds peregrine eat seeds eat birds seed eaters ddt stored bodies peregrines prey peregrine eat birds large amounts ddt result actually ddt bird eats seeds food peregrine needed survive leading death ddt changed body chemistry chemical weakens peregrine eggshell egg breaks nest warm young hatch eggs damaged young born weak survive december ddt banned nationally essential purposes hope danger removed smaller numbers peregrines simply urbanization peregrines bothered nesting cities expand highways built recreation areas developed able wilderness areas nesting sites disturbed peregrines bother return young return nesting areas peregrine populations decrease drop
yes sir replied boy guess tried tried homie yes sir homie looked soaring kite smashed kite rocks gorge don think replied homie tell hulett took hat scratched head give dollars boy flies kite gorge ten dollars boys gasped ten dollars hulett repeated firmly cables river cables cried startled boys kites kite string sir don worry cables hulett frowning kite river tomorrow dollars boys stood solemnly watched stride direction town word pulled kites wrapping hoarded string carefully stout hickory sticks homemade reels let rest boys flying hard tomorrow yes homie running hand affectionately newspaper kite end river dollars homie gee whiz screeching banshees boys raced homes hulett put signs store windows announcing dollar prize small town buzzed excitement incredulity
playing high school basketball consists minute halves minute quarters teams rest minute quarters minutes halves college games minute halves minute rest halves professional games divided minute quarters teams rest minutes quarters minutes halves overtime periods teams tied end regulation play clock stopped reasons team calls timeout extra needed ball play foul called player injured special circumstances require halt game high school college teams allowed timeouts professional teams fouls violations charged player reasons personal foul occurs player holds pushes charges player hits arm player shooting basket penalty personal foul loss possession ball free throw fouled player high school college games bonus free throw sixth team foul referred situation foul shots allowed player fouled act shooting player leave game commits personal fouls professional basketball
singing laughter house father hunters distant camps visit bringing families end winter animals fled plain birds returned south fish remained locked beneath frozen lakes wind blown wrong direction moons february march holding masses loose ice shores travel hunt sea starving tiktaliktak thought family lying dark snowhouse food seal oil lamps hunger stirred knew find help young eskimo climbed carefully high place ice pieces surrounded sharp white teeth sea ice lay broken times opened closed frozen place feet fear falling places ice thicker height spots thinner finger light layer snow covered hiding danger eyes step tiktaliktak felt ice front chisel end harpoon
days nights walked floe warm slept winds strong tides moved island sea land found eat felt surely die lonely ice island fourth tiktaliktak awoke sensed changed looked house welcome sight seen distance gigantic stony cloud lay island called sakkiak raw granite hills piercing surrounding shore ice hills swept entirely free snow wind tiktaliktak knew dared live sakkiak solid rock longed leave ice island place foot bleak lonely place judged drift ice pan care saw close shore ice surrounding large island realized ice floe touch swept forever open sea tiktaliktak planned try desperate trick heard failed surely die ran thinnest corner floating island noticed piece ice cracked partly refrozen
thermometer glass tube filled alcohol mercury liquid inside thermometer heated expands simple reaction important scientists thermometers measure temperature substance thermometer measures degree hotness coldness material important remember heat temperature things heat form energy temperature measurement effect heat energy total energy material determined number molecules temperature material warm determined amount movement molecules materials react ways temperatures water boils temperature freeze temperature gabriel fahrenheit experimented heat water developed scale numbers measure boiling point freezing point water scale called fahrenheit scale honor spaces numbers scale called degrees scale water boils degrees freezes degrees number thermometer home tell stands fahrenheit tells active molecules surrounding air words temperature air degrees
air behaves liquid heated temperature air room ceiling floor find air ceiling warmer warm air expands lighter cold air rise cooler air rises ceiling warm air vents located floor level top wall vents passage convection currents air remember common means heat transfer radiation hold hand close light bulb feel heat bulb transforms electrical energy light energy heat radiates heat energy radiation warms air bulb heard earth surface radiates heat air light energy sun heat energy touches earth surface makes molecules earth surface move faster earth radiates heat air warms air night conduction convection radiation common means heat transfer aware ways common ways heat transfer occurs
oxidation body produces energy need warm enables move fuel reaction food eat chemical place molecules food broken chemicals body smaller molecules stored fuel supply undergo oxidation produce heat energy exercise stored chemical energy fuel oxidized muscles heat kinetic energy enables body parts move perspire play hard don cold winter think radiate heat surrounding air radiate heat swim figured chemical energy body depends chemical energy found plants course energy eating called animal foods meat milk cheese eggs animals produced foods depend plants words animals store energy eating plants animals alive chemical energy stored plants plants turn energy sun green plants power capture light energy change chemical energy help sunlight leaf cells plants food stored energy animals fuel eat plants food products plants
story finally wandered street part town wasn sure find find looking shop garage looked stable door wonder widgets owner opening door boy glad found looked produces widgets yes place look find looking chuckle help need widget common widget yes kind figured need demand don big supply look opening door room full widgets boy widgets kinds shapes colors sizes hard choice gosh cost fortune wonder widgets seen costs small yes small material labor widget machine rent light heat capital needs business obviously pleased noticed
sir set price widget sold took profit widget reinvested capital machine stock hired helper soon making widgets grabby buying widgets lowered price sold profit item total profit yes sir business humming demand increasing output increasing grabby tried beat price figure cut costs undersell gosh wind looked dusty window smiled idea widgets suddenly needed replacements wore wasn market grown older money saved didn feel changing ideas figured leave young fellows detroit yes ideas sighed ready ideas stay business widgets asked amazement looking endless variety gleaming widgets look turn days
bill edwards fall thinking help daughter buy bike birthday april crane operator iron mines hibbing minnesota loaded ore cars iron ore headed blast furnaces gary indiana ore dumped hold ore carrier carried load twenty thousand tons soon carrier moved lake superior headed locks sault ste marie carrier moved south length lake michigan docked steel mills gary ore unloaded stockpiles lay sides huge blast furnaces conveyor belts special skip cars carried ore furnaces turned molten iron molten iron poured ladle cars steel furnaces located nearby iron processed formed steel bars bars mill called tube mill located factory grounds tube mill bars forced extrusion press formed pipes pipes gathered bundles loaded boxcars boxcars morris ohio specific destination morris bicycle company bicycle factory tubing unloaded warehouse later rest carried fork lift trucks department frames
returned say spent trail run light morning high noon stopping brought game village hunters rifles corn tassels yellowing soon busk taking council atsee grown straight tall tillahaw left chest narrow voice jumped throat boyish squeak tried show ready trail arkansas country hard tillahaw late arrived atsee wanted wearing eagle feather show ready trail author describes character shows character saying things support description find statement atsee page started growing actions atsee author show support statement rabbit sat began wash face scrubbed cheeks wrists forepaws hard stiff ears flopped stopped sat atsee balled leap head pulled soft collar shoulders ears flared
lying quietly sleeping couch pathkiller house atsee remembered things happened ago remembered loud argument broke ran pathkiller stopped calm words coming atsee remember leading cherokee warriors mountainside mossy rock seen creeks trailed slowly watching rocks atsee walking tall company sun hot overhead atsee shadow formless puddle feet creeks trail began show knew backtracked jumped rock rock tried tricks hunted cherokee spread drove high ground purple shadows rising valleys finally cornered creeks tumble rocks foot raw cliff pathkiller led cherokee shelf rock outcropped mountainside atsee looked rocks creeks hiding mountain half shadow hard judge distance atsee decided loft arrow reach creeks creeks flat downhill shot remembered rifles close range
atsee looked past pathkiller river shining sun water snake wiggled pool atsee tillahaw waded fished ago remember catfish tasted morning father told lived place find answer song beloved father atsee talking leaf looked wiggly lines wondered meant white words alive talking leaf carried arkansas country towns creeks cherokee country finally place beloved white words caught wiggly marks remember tillahaw telling council sequoyah crazy south trying talking leaves cherokee trying talk animal pictures crazy idea tillahaw talking leaves cherokee ideas alive beloved alive white hills atsee stood meet pathkiller trail mouth cave atsee knees trembled trail tilted eyes food drinking strong medicines smoking sacred tobacco
happen check calendar february find designated groundhog wonder dull stodgy fellow groundhog set honor hundreds ago informed today believed superstitions legends modern folk scoff germany england popular legend marmot weather forecasting ability marmot den candlemas saw shadow frighten nest weeks winter sleep cloudy marmot saw shadow spring candlemas forty days christmas fell february early settlers arrived shores brought legends superstitions beliefs including marmot legend wildlife america differs europe settlers applied marmot legend groundhog american woodchuck similar european marmot ways legend persisted nowadays believe groundhog weather prophet legend interesting bit folklore willing forget groundhog glory
noreen callahan convinced father fish store avenue doubt ugliest fish store east side sawdust floor slimy fish drippings fish piled random heaps ice paint walls peeling layers cat sleeping window filthy callahan apron dirty wore battered hat worse shape cat thing fish heads drop floor customers feet callahan wouldn bother sweep passed customers fish callahan wanted sell fish fish store wanted actor heroic marvelous things stage tried unsuccessful father fish store store took pride beauty marvelous heroic things fish store noreen mother helped store week saturday noreen help mother cleaned house noreen worst week ashamed seen store friends classmates ashamed smells ashamed fish heads fish tails ashamed scruffy cat father dirty apron
interested neighborhood school room house stable built house father let direct making stall smaller stalls pony prayed hoped sister lou believed meant pony christmas pointed stalls horses order answer father sounded horses cow stable added house pain boy lives knows sisters comfort remarked christmas coming christmas coming grown ups talking asking wanted giving wanted knew wanted told mother knew told god night wanted pony sure understood declared wanted pony father asked pair high boots hard want boots stuck pony
lady mrs jones lived cat mog mrs jones baker shop tiny town bottom valley mountains morning mrs jones light twinkle houses town early bake loaves buns jam tarts welsh cakes thing morning mrs jones lit big fire dough water sugar yeast put dough pans set front fire rise mog early catch mice chased mice bakery wanted sit front warm fire mrs jones wouldn let loaves buns rising pans don sit buns mog buns rising nicely getting fine big yeast makes bread buns cakes swell bigger bigger mog allowed sit fire play sink cats hate water mog didn loved liked sit tap hitting drops paw fell getting water whiskers mog look
mog walked valley mountains bigger elephant big whale sheep mountain saw coming scared death galloped took notice looking fish river caught lots fish fine raining mog heard loud watery roar top valley saw huge wall water coming river beginning flood rainwater poured mountains mog thought don stop water fine fish washed sat plump middle valley spread big fat cottage loaf water town heard roar flood water frightened mayor shouted run mountains water town drowned rushed mountains side town mog sitting middle valley lake mrs jones mayor cat stay till built dam valley water
sun family earth member sun family families sun family universe sun family known solar system sun largest important part solar system affects objects solar system planets mercury venus earth mars jupiter saturn uranus neptune pluto planets small moons satellites traveling thousands minor planets called asteroids form wide band mars jupiter meteors comets dust specks parts solar system locate planets asteroids illustration page scientists learned things solar system scarcely begun find astronauts begun explore earth moon earth set foot planet scientists develop ways gathering information space manned space flights planets place national aeronautics space administration nasa plans ahead learned sun family able explore planets stars sun planets millions miles space call family closer objects universe
think saturn beautiful planet saturn circled bright yellow rings scientists tell rings tiny bits particles dust coated ice sunlight reflected particles makes rings glow saturn rings paper thin seen telescope believed saturn rings astronomers found fourth ring inside saturn largest planet solar system jupiter rotates axis ten hours takes jupiter trip orbit sun saturn requires twenty revolution saturn million miles sun temperatures layers clouds cover venus jupiter think kinds living things survive saturn astronomers learned uranus largest member sun family planet looks green telescope space saturn fact billion miles source heat light takes eighty revolution sun uranus rotates eleven hours conditions uranus earth
reading think facts ideas presented help remember look notes took skim selection previewing sure note maps graphs illustrations reviewing help fix important ideas facts mind ask questions main ideas ideas supported material selection basic purpose selection inform express author point view learned reading selection reading help understanding ways reading help understanding ways understandings prove social studies material deals largely facts notes read social studies selection guide checking facts presented determine accuracy read sources encyclopedias books subject practice skills reading graphs remember graph shows glance facts require entire paragraph text point dealing graphs schoolwork book reading ways communicate methods communication began information communication printed white paper
start talking knows scientists think eighty thousand ago words simple imitations sounds heard knows sure early women communicated moving hands arms talking pointed today guess sort sign language sign language official football game today believed appeared twenty thirty thousand ago lived caves intelligent words course knew write cave women give messages sound voices signs cave pass ideas information death knows cave began pictures walls caves paintings seen hundred ago girl father exploring cave spain found beautiful paintings animals hunters boys dog discovered paintings french cave
marconi message atlantic thinking sending pictures airwaves paul nipkow germany thought television system ideas parts system invented later pioneers radio ambrose fleming lee de forest valuable discoveries television practical camera tubes invented invented zworykin sixteen high school student named philo farnsworth giant step putting nipkow ideas forty nipkow outlined television reality unknown television pictures air francis jenkins washington john baird england pictures poor quality shadows jenkins baird proved television worked regular telecasts united states began afternoons week television sets receive shadowy pictures listening radios war ii ended tv sets began mass produced television greater effect american radio certainly effect forms communication spend reading magazines newspapers tv began occupy leisure
read mathematics fun information games puzzles depend knowledge mathematics played tumble numble monopoly school subjects depend knowledge mathematics studied longitude latitude geography mathematics science courses airline pilots mathematics fly safely destinations navigation ships dependent mathematics race drivers clerks accountants secretaries sportswriters track batting averages mathematics jobs require mathematics everyday things cooking going shopping home repairs making clothes counting calories eating involve mathematics finding city avenue street involves mathematics sharer candy goodies involves mathematics computation skills learned mathematics especially important learning compute learning buy popsicle later learning run errand mother returning correct change eventually learning manage week pay family necessities stated plainly understanding mathematics today mathematics friend mathematics helped recently want grow mathematics occupation
idea determine problems easy hard easy remaining hard spend hard problem chance finish easier remember complete lesson remember brain teasers ordinary problems kind find math books supposed hard trick extra careful reader fooled read word number carefully looking hidden tricks check perform mathematical operation addition subtraction multiplication division ask draw conclusion stated facts allow reread problem check understanding sure check solutions answers turn page find answer correct wrong reason thinking process arriving answer needs rechecked answer method finding wrong reread problem step step sure understand correctly rework problem brain teasers
hundred ago boy born mountains shoa change course country history menelik menelik father haile prince shoa shoa remote emperor ethiopia let govern prince haile ruler shoa menelik follow throne young menelik school learn reading writing ethiopian history history learned mother father grandfather part ethiopian history told emperors descended king solomon bible queen sheba father grandfather emperors ethiopia asked boy meant fighting didn want mother explained looked distant mountains shoa beautiful place sighed air pure nights quiet grow peace decide menelik understand mother meant told ask meadow palace called leo pet lion leo sitting doorway hut menelik cousin makonnen mimosa trees hot afternoon lion unwilling move
sun peeked eastern mountains morning menelik sat palace window watched sadly found hard believe happened makonnen found meadow hours ago father died menelik prince shoa theodore army scattered shoan soldiers moment battering palace doors haile chief ministers awaiting menelik hall palace decide menelik wished meadow walking unconcerned leo shouts sounds scuffling hallway loud knock door enter young prince called door opened reveal tall black piercing dark eyes carrying silver sword ready thought menelik sensed intruder guess boy identity prince menelik asked menelik nodded stood emperor theodore saw menelik going kiss floor feet ethiopian showed fealty emperor theodore frowned menelik met gaze steadily theodore sword holder softly sorry hear father death menelik surprised thanked
palace window menelik looked bright stars shoa plan count antonelli italian representative asked menelik turned throne ethiopia denied quietly waited thirty full support government count told throne rightfully believe bring ethiopia happiness brought shoa antonelli left menelik began thinking past quickly night escaped theodore palace zaudita died leaving brilliant daughter named zaudita queen menelik recalled finest rulers ethiopia history women menelik recently married taitu daughter galla chief taitu idea don capital bring capital village high mountains fine capital city menelik saw village agreed build beautiful city ethiopia promised taitu named city addis ababa meaning flower addis ababa built count antonelli brought menelik treaty gave italy power menelik court return receive rifles cannon loan money army unbeatable makonnen declared
set sail naples italy days ago enroute barcelona spain winds light weather spare undertake promise put log notes order sense horrible pestilence demolished europe stolen dearest reached marseilles france ago late plague arrived suspected ship genoa genoan merchant marine brought disease kaffa genoan colony black sea kaffa besieged tartars tartars finally forced give siege forces lost pestilence departed tartars catapulted bodies dead warriors city hoping spread death citizens believed pestilence transmitted dead living believed genoan sailors returned home brought disease rumored addition disease brought large number black rats stowed ships docked kaffa reaching port genoa disease course rats spread city soon blight spread marseilles
million fish killed water pollution macabre reminder rivers lakes streams poisoned highly toxic dangerous substances interior department today number dead fish set basis reports states cent highest municipal sewage industrial wastes pollutants killed fish improved reporting practices variations weather factors partially responsible increase report macabre reminder rivers lakes streams poisoned highly toxic dangerous substances david dominick commissioner federal water pollution control commission thirds fish killed pollution commercial fish cent classified sport fish department department pointed municipal industrial pollution main fish kills blaming city sewage death million industrial waste death million records million fish died water pollution society dumping sewage lakes rivers streams poses greater hazard death fish scientists reported fish pick human disease germs spread humans eaten white perch caught chesapeake bay dumping ground rivers running heavily populated areas found germs typhoid fever dysentery tuberculosis
unit asked problem breaks problems solve help book teacher problems help understand studying chapter major purpose designed give practice problem solving setting experiments try problem break tough cases teacher approve plan trying problem break unit coming design experiment find increasing amount yeast increases amount oxygen consumed let teacher review plan begin investigation record plan results conclusions record book let look found chapter large input sewage surface water upsets input output balance rapid increase population microorganisms result increase demand oxygen makes tough living things need oxygen decay organisms begin suffer oxygen supply organisms move favorable place course organisms rooted plants attached animals able move decay microorganisms chemically decompose sewage wastes
injures lung tissue hazard carbon monoxide air pollutants found change lung tissue tissues produce lung diseases bronchitis emphysema diseases rare twenty ago needs learned diseases evidence air pollutants partly responsible bad effects result air pollution annual crop damage air pollution estimated thousands domestic wild animals weakened killed outright exact data human death disease lacking clear air pollution especially dangerous heart disease asthma emphysema anemia lung cancer found air polluted cities rural areas polluted air discolors damages clothing automobiles buildings major maintenance factor polluted areas replacement discolored peeling paint steel deteriorates times faster air polluted cities rural areas dirty air deteriorates rubber glass leather nylon paper stone incomplete combustion fuels pollutes air wastes valuable resources worth sulfur wasted annually industries working hard ways reclaiming waste products pollution higher lighting heating bills estimated chicago days air pollution reduces sunlight cent
apparently counting rewarding occupation person impossible job trying needs food housing schools living cities towns want services electricity water telephones want able buy food drugs local stores need airports schools hospitals fire police protection need jobs source income seen live close person output combines total output produce pollution problems trend move cities live closer closer expect things worse future rest chapter highlights kinds problems help solve older try examine problem break viewpoints conducting investigations proposing solutions mind plans affect aware plan cost important consider carry plan learned unit knowledge gained reading television radio discuss ideas classmates teacher
recently samples snow crystals widely separated areas united states samples remote wilderness areas chemical analysis samples showed lead particles present region samples believed lead particles released air automobile exhaust gases water clouds formed ice crystals tiny lead particles lead poisonous metal accumulate bodies living organisms damage death member air pollution control board steps recommend control release poisonous substance effects suggested controls automobile industry citizenry affected assume community live located seacoast population increases town faced problem garbage trash disposal city engineers townspeople disagree dispose garbage proposals city commission include hauling garbage sea dumping trash garbage fill part bay provide additional building sites trash garbage fill low lands town suitable building sites compressing trash garbage blocks covering concrete building materials
december beautiful clear london weather forecasters reported cold front passed night noon temperature reached air slightly damp sky full clouds cold wind blew north sea blowing southward england pushed smoke factories ahead ot december wind speed lessened low layers dark gray clouds covered sky noon temperature air moist smell smoke penetrated buildings doors windows opened winds london strong carry smoke pouring chimneys noon temperature air heavy moisture high humidity cold temperature fog reduced visibility movement city difficult airplane flights cancelled tried drive walking hazardous wet quiet fog covered countryside loaded smoke soot particles london captive smog mixture smoke fog conditions existed december december escaping polluted air crept room irritated eyes skin brought severe coughing thousands hospitals jammed days fog week usual died lung conditions worsened smog
planet earth oxygen atmosphere information assignment carried place solar system support populations humans provide artificial environment wait don close operations maybe send emigrants planets belonging stars nearest star sun light remember light distance traveled vehicle moving miles speed light distance half trillion miles present spaceships travel miles sec billion seconds reach nearest star believe moving planetary systems answer population explosion problems look problem standpoint vehicle carries americans moon trip called apollo suppose apollo carry planets cost carrying moon assuming change growth rate export order hold present population constant leave earth daily passenger spaceships leave earth daily cost exceed daily counting expenses involved training migrants preparing home appears resign job basis move homes planet
high pitched noises annoying course variable sound occurs stand higher sound level night decibel level deafness single blast answering question referred table table tells eardrum breaks receives sounds decibel level happens person deaf sounds look figure find eardrum sounds enter ear canal strike eardrum causing vibrate vibrations carried tiny bones membrane ear vibrations membrane movements liquid snail shaped cochlea tiny hairs shaken vibrating liquid nerve messages brain studies hearing americans average hearing ability defined standard hearing loss measured comparing person hearing ability standard sound decibels standard person hear decibel hearing loss describe hearing person hear sound decibels standard describe hearing person hear sound decibels standard
cells live groups body instance billions cells trunk tree body cat dog vast numbers cells fact living things composed cell group cells reasonable say cells units structure living things cells find living substance cells live plant cells animal cells borderline types microscopic find fresh water salt water soil air places common put samples material microscope microscope examine drop material pond likely single celled types move actively swimming motions drop pond material find complex organisms larger single celled types bodies number cells celled organisms complex single celled types part cells thing cells words division labor cells single celled organism cell
idea biologists spend laboratories doors observing organisms carrying experiments actually partly true biologist spent library study biologist interested question green plants food want biologists discovered subject cases days saved searching library materials answered question rapid exchange ideas information scientists record results observations profit reports printed publications called science journals guess important reports accurate complete clearly written describe exactly observed workers repeat original observations results obtained number cases report accepted hand results found report questioned observations tested scientists results tend accepted facts facts prove short lived ways observations developed facts discarded replaced
barefooted step sharp stone receive stimulus stimulus felt pressure pain jerk foot stone think jerking foot response observe behavior single celled organisms receive stimuli responses wonder stimulate single cell move read experiment paramecium page book experiment animal moves avoid contact vinegar vinegar acts stimulus movement response single cell receive stimuli responses ordinary course events cells receive stimuli cell repelled attracted organism repelled vinegar attracted food materials water put living substance sensitive environment animal cells food supply energy build repair substance single celled animals food variety ways molecules food pass outer covering cell single celled animals food materials larger molecules capture smaller animal cells plant cells food materials enter cytoplasm digested
living things seldom found occur groups group frogs live pond group earthworms plot soil group ducks marsh group species living closely called population populations live groups population kind fish kind frog kind water insect live pond populations including populations aquatic animals plants group populations living place called community communities exist living things found communities ponds forests marshes prairie lands deserts boundaries communities vague tend overlap pond community surrounding land community number species likely found locations portion textbook planned help carry investigation pond community directions gain experience observing collecting culturing preserving plant animal specimens gain knowledge living things related glance instructions divided sections section describes select pond community begin study
trillion fish oceans hold rate increase continued fish numerous figures nature fish eggs produce adults eggs eaten chance hatch large numbers young fish devoured early survive find food find similar consider vast number seeds produced maple tree sure seeds carried distance parent tree wind simply room seeds maple trees sprout grow occasional seed rise maple tree population stay members produced members lost eaten organisms die disease starvation end result age successful population produce members replace lost numbers decline decline continues population cease exist
submarine deep sea exploring vessel navy trieste protected underwater pressure strong metal hulls ships wear diving suits descend hundreds feet water problem air breathe air hose air pressure diving gear press wearer interfere breathing type gear breathe air pressure boring tunnels rivers prevent water seeping workmen building caisson sealed chamber working end tunnel caisson air higher normal pressure increased air pressure holds water breathe air higher pressure air live nitrogen makes large part gas mixture call air breathe air normal normal pressures nitrogen enters blood passes blood affected breathe air pressure extended period amount nitrogen collects blood tissues pressure released suddenly nitrogen tends rush blood
resource short supply expect affect populations organisms water area plants likely number food plants scarce small number animals survive lack soil minerals result reduced plant populations lack oxygen pond water limit animal populations factors serve reduce numbers organisms called limiting factors limiting factors environments think heat act limiting factor students interested investigating possibility decided study effect temperature population growth yeast cells reference books found yeast cells grown culture medium water sugar learned estimate number cells milliliter solution removed tiny known volume culture microscope able count cells volume method based assumption yeast cells evenly distributed culture students set series culture tubes filled culture medium added tiny bit dry active yeast mixed cells medium removed samples counting counts recorded half tubes refrigerator
green plants produce sugar water carbon dioxide raw materials oxygen gas product call process photosynthesis factors influence rate photosynthesis certainly presence absence light difference brightness intensity light affect rate sugar produced study help answer questions oxygen gas product photosynthesis amount oxygen released plant measure photosynthesis taking place aquatic plant elodea study releases oxygen bubbles carries food making process obtain equal pieces elodea inches length cut tips longer stems sharp razor blade cutting water weigh uncut ends bits metal foil put elodea stems tubes pond water milliliters percent sodium bicarbonate solution cut ends bottom tubes invert tubes separate jars pond water water jars temperature changing water adding tiny bits ice prevent water warm course need thermometer check water temperature
smooth muscle cells shown fig tapered ends single nuclei lack striations kinds muscle cells found walls internal organs stomach intestines blood vessels muscles composed smooth muscle cells called involuntary muscles conscious control stomach contract involuntary muscles produce sudden strong contractions voluntary muscles involuntary muscles maintain steady contraction period muscles type serve move food digestive canal heart muscle cells shown fig found heart wall cells faint striations interconnected form net pattern actions partly automatic partly control nerves brain consciously direct actions heart muscle involuntary type skeletal muscle heart muscle contracts relaxes quickly cells need energy carry processes muscle cells special energy needs large amounts energy required muscle contractions muscle cells cells obtain energy oxidation food molecules energy trapped atp molecules muscle contract actively adequate supply food oxygen atp molecules
emotions feelings fear anger love hate experience behave reflects feel think mean generally attracted find pleasant repelled find unpleasant case kinds behavior harm threaten lives emotional behavior important emotional behavior actually form learned behavior learn respond situations anger fear love feel result conditioning earlier chapter cases imitate feelings parents friends mother fears snakes reacts snakes seen mentioned child learn feel feelings affect child behavior snakes reptiles feelings grow everyday experience fear complicated electrical equipment result knowing electricity produce painful shocks emotions affect outward behavior bring internal organs instance angry things working case impulses brain adrenal glands secrete adrenalin result breathe faster heart beats faster blood pressure increased
notable effect alcohol brain person drinks cerebrum likely affected longer able think clearly exercise judgment point normal restraints disappearing losing control likely things dream sober moments quiet shy person loud boisterous effect confuse stimulation actually feel stimulated alcohol lessened ability exercise normal controls restraints alcohol moderate drinkers leave drink drunk learned single drink bodies oxidize alcohol fast enters visible effects moderate drinkers effects alcohol lessened eat drinking drink handle soon find functions nervous system affected vision distorted muscular control begin disappear alcohol reaches cerebellum speech garbled drinker unable walk straight line amount alcohol blood keeps rising parts brain responsible consciousness suffer
human infections spread person person animal person contact contact consider instance photograph fig cold sneezes fine spray comes mouth nose particles travel distance feet spray viral particles common colds happen path spray likely breathe particles course germs live host body survive drying effect air germs likely moist object pick likely contaminated drinking fountains toilet articles represent sources infections course impossible avoid contact germs reduce contacts avoiding infected persons common childhood diseases chicken pox measles mumps whooping cough passed person person contact contact common diseases diphtheria scarlet fever impetigo venereal diseases gonorrhea syphilis spread contact food water disease causing parasites contaminated instance number germs live foods eat foods germs develop cases food poisoning
bird wings simply modified front limbs covered feathers wings part story flight flight requires deal muscular exertion bird adaptations type muscular effort thing flight muscles shoulder region powerful bird skeleton attachment support muscles bird bones hollow greatly reduces weight adaptation aids flight activity group air sacs located chest abdomen connect bird lungs birds air sacs connect hollow bones air sacs lung tissue supply lungs fresh air bird exhales spaces excess body heat discharged oxygen supply course continued muscular effort flying squirrels glide air higher point lower bats actually fly fact mammals ability bat wings supported largely front limbs flying membrane extends hind limbs short tail covering membrane bat skin north american bats small insect eating species seen air dusk motions purpose
obvious earth spaceship limited ability support human species determined find large human population earth maintain numbers problem feeding today food supply adequate diet hand number partial solutions problem investigated thousands plant species known edible hundred species provide nearly food cultivated major crops include rice corn wheat potatoes soybeans rye barley sweet potatoes coconuts bananas approach solving food problem develop crop plants grown areas unfavorable major crops rely possibility plant breeding develop varieties crop plants produce greater yields successes achieved method variety rice recently developed philippine islands increased average rice yield times variety wheat produced increased average yield percent note efforts limitations provide food provide meet growing needs human population
obvious living things chance survive avoid harmful surroundings seek favorable locations spends deal energy avoiding accidents attending basic needs complex organisms ability think act single celled organisms behave ways improve chances survival red stain known eosin harmful paramecium paramecium sense presence harmful substance environment act avoid find place drop paramecium culture clean slide put cover glass focus sample low power find place number paramecia clear view dissecting needle pick droplet eosin insert eosin edge culture drop watching red stain spreads culture drop fairly slow chance paramecia react observe responses happens period record observations notebook euglena viridis green borderline organism food proper environment environment include light euglena sense presence light move answer question cut piece thin cardboard size microscope slide
weight mass weight convenient measuring mass reason weight pull gravity body pull earth depends things distance body earth center mass body stay earth surface distance earth center going change weight things measure simply depends mass need extreme accuracy perfectly satisfactory measurement mass earth weighing fact common acceptable method measuring mass purposes mass weight expressed units mind fact mass weight actually properties matter numerically related wondering unit mass international agreement standard unit mass piece metal international bureau weights measures agrees body matter mass kilogram masses found comparing directly indirectly standard mass sense things happening measured observing change clock machine regularly registers swinging pendulum turning small wheel vibration tuning fork
drawing graph independent variable generally shown horizontal axis dependent variable vertical axis thing decide scales axes depend range variables precision data scales chosen data fit inside borders graph paper maximum space sheet variable goes starting minutes choose scale puts min hand end horizontal axis left end planning extrapolate graph extend range actual data smaller scale leave room minute mark consideration precision data measured case temperature readings nearest point vertical scale marked intervals data precise give meaning refinement hand scale marked intervals coarse able information graph data actually important feature graph shows general nature relationship variables
photographs earth space provided final proof earth spherical shape later chapter perfect sphere pretty close stated scientists known thousand earth round observations led conclusion let begin everyday sights think give evidence shape earth look sun setting evening notice sun slips horizon sunlight lingers tops trees hilltops finally clouds sky jet plane condensation trails startling seen clear sky sunset higher longer sun noticed explanation involves large object disappearing appearing horizon suppose standing shore watching ship sail sea watch ship begins pass horizon disappears bottom hull bottom ship lost view rest gradually disappears parts ship smokestacks smoke smokestacks ship sailing horizon opposite order
terms heat heat energy careful explain mean heat important concept earth science help clearly mean find mean temperature differs heat terms related matter particles continuous random motion particles motion kinetic energy moment kinetic energies individual particles vary widely temperature measure average kinetic energy particles substance higher average kinetic energy higher temperature lower average kinetic energy lower temperature particles objects temperature average kinetic energy happens put hot object container cold water hot object cools water warms kinetic energy particles hot object transferred particles cold water result average kinetic energy particles hot object decreases words temperature drops average kinetic energy particles water increases words temperature water rises transfer energy continues particles object water kinetic energy object water temperature
term insolation incoming solar radiation refers portion sun radiation received earth share sun total energy output remember radiation strikes matter reflected scattered absorbed transmitted things happen insolation enters atmosphere amount kind insolation earth surface likely insolation top atmosphere mainly interested insolation actually reaches ground recall chapter bodies matter radiate electromagnetic energy temperature absolute body hotter radiates greater total amount energy hotter body radiates energy short wavelengths cooler body happen heat object iron bar furnace hot flame remember longest wavelengths visible light red end spectrum shortest wavelengths blue end iron bar heats begins glow dull red means begun radiate energy red wavelengths eye detect
oven turned interior oven hot outer surfaces warm heat radiated oven remains hot inside energy supplied burning fuel electric current source energy turned oven remains hot gradually cools room temperature volcanic eruptions show interior earth hot earth hot formed billion ago cooled internal source energy keeping interior hotter ovens believe radioactivity source energy french physicist antoine henri becquerel discovery importance piece mineral pitchblende desk drawer top unexposed photographic plates plates developed becquerel discovered partly exposed concluded form energy emitted mineral affected chemicals photographic plate becquerel found mineral constantly emitted radiation rays discovered previous wilhelm roentgen phenomenon later named radioactivity marie curie pitchblende element uranium radiation detected becquerel caused uranium atoms emit energy break decay form stable element lead
material water pass permeable considering permeability material mainly concerned rapidly water pass obviously rock soil pores water pass degree permeability rate water pass depends amount pore space size pores interconnections sand high porosity high permeability permeability sand due high porosity fact pores large interconnected resistance flow water pores hand soil small sorted particles high porosity low permeability water small pores contact large amount particle surface friction attraction water molecules particle surfaces prevent rapid flow water material rock low porosity highly permeable cracks running geologists refer secondary porosity total volume cracks small percent volume rock water flow cracks rapidly hand rock high porosity impermeable pores sealed cementing material
discussing periods surplus water budget mentioned surplus water run surface rest infiltrates ground water recall ordinarily pores storage zone surface soil filled water maximum storage capacity stored soil water film walls pore spaces heavy rain pores temporarily filled surplus largely run surface rain surplus water pores drain join ground water happens surface runoff heavy rains gradually infiltrate soil saturated areas rest runs downhill lowest channels local contours forming streams small streams join form larger streams join streams eventually forming largest streams called rivers empty oceans generally accepted rule deciding stream big called river solution problem avoid word river word stream mean natural channel earth surface carries water downhill bed stream water table water steadily infiltrate stream bed drain stream kind temporary periods rain tend trickle dry
wandered cemetery looking names dates tombstones observed stones appeared weather beaten worn badly worn read lettering observe rocks exposed weather periods find evidence surface changed processes produce surface rocks exposed atmosphere called weathering weathering merely result exposure air expect effects noticeable goes examine tombstones find case older weathered younger look picture opposite page stone left cracked chipped condition delicate carving top stone preserved date badly weathered stone date earlier evidence factor affects amount weathering case stones materials apparently material stone affect rate weathers facts affect weathering earth processes weathering occurs slowly
mean say erosion deposition dominant understand term remember movement sediments running water erratic affair stream transports sediments millions individual events erosion deposition continuously occurring particles stopping rest moved particles picked moved settling coming rest place erosion dominant place particles deposited picked moved deposition dominant erosional depositional system places erosion dominant curves steep gradients places deposition dominant inside curves regions small gradient regions process dominant words interfaces erosion deposition model interface found midway points figure places interfaces find condition met times dynamic equilibrium opposing processes erosion deposition exactly balanced interesting examine erosional depositional systems terms energy view actually going erosion deposition
sedimentary rocks rocks formed accumulated sediments particles sediment result weathering erosion preexisting rocks organic material derived biologic processes sedimentary rocks form materials deposited water rocks formed wind deposited ice deposited sediments sedimentary rocks retain characteristics sediments formed rocks formed water deposited sediments show layering bedding characteristic medium deposition sedimentary rocks formed accumulated sediments kinds sediments ranging unsorted mass rock material deposited glacier ions derived minerals dissolved rivers lakes oceans imagine processes involved forming rock sediments glacial deposit involved forming rock ions solution earth scientists divided sedimentary rocks groups based rocks formed let look groups clastic sedimentary rocks formed particles rock produced weathering erosion previously existing rock term clastic comes greek klastos meaning broken clastic refers broken pieces fragments rock material original particles sediment recognized clastic sedimentary rocks
side chart find similar pair dotted lines box top igneous rocks listed lines gabbro basalt consider igneous rock represented line ab diagram rock minerals plagioclase feldspar pyroxene olivine amphibole according scale side diagram approximate percentages minerals rock ab volume plagioclase pyroxene olivine amphibole information rock ab chart provide rock dark color high density composed mafic minerals found side diagram examine sample rock represented line ab determine texture coarse grained texture rock gabbro fine grained basalt final exercise chart suppose told line cd represents sample coarse grained igneous rock information rock chart determine composition rock find approximate percentages volume mineral present position line cd chart slightly left center rock denser darker color granite
hillslopes exist forces weathering erosion deposition acting reduce slopes surface horizontal forces called leveling forces referred destructional forces tend destroy variations landscape leveling forces act entirely interfaces spheres earth leveling forces acting continuously bring land uniform flat surface accomplish result reason uplifting constructional forces undo leveling forces forces operate beneath crust include volcanic activity isostasy earthquakes ocean floor spreading continental drift landscapes concerned effects groups forces opposite uplifting tends increase elevations roughen increase relief surface leveling tends reduce elevations smooth surface region rates uplift leveling likely uplifting forces raising surface faster leveling forces lowering say uplifting forces dominant cases leveling forces dominant places rates uplift leveling approximately equal landscape dynamic equilibrium determine group forces dominant region balance
noted times chapter bedrock region considered factor influences development landscape reason fact obvious landscape physical appearance region end result sculpting bedrock processes weathering erosion essentially characteristics help determine role bedrock play development landscape region characteristic class type rock makes bedrock region non sedimentary rocks generally tougher resistant weathering erosion sedimentary rocks types rocks tougher class limestone sedimentary rock resistant weathering erosion sedimentary rocks sandstone shale characteristic bedrock general condition structural features present deformed internal pressures severely tilted folded faulted intruded subjected combination deformations types rocks subject development cracks joints zones weakness characteristics influence landscape develop weathering erosion bedrock landscape factors mind bedrock determine landscape
downhill side roadcut water table level dropped main source infiltrating water cut wells roadway dried water flowing drainage system highway easily polluted dissolved substances automobile exhausts chemicals spread road surface winter melt snow ice polluted water seeped ground part ground water source water pollution pesticides chemicals farming chemicals dissolved rainwater infiltrate enter ground water aspect type pollution chemicals enter food chain pollutants absorbed roots plants turn eaten animals addition substances food chain represents definite health hazard consumers involved public awareness problems pollution depletion natural resources greater past inefficient wasteful dangerous practices permitted encouraged faster cheaper easier undesirable range results practices seen understood recognize fact existence threatened abuse misuse environment programs conservation reclamation environment natural resources initiated recent
turn tv watch favorite show wonder enjoy pleasure pick phone dial friend number stop think teenagers thing suppose family country car country tv sets phones cars automatic washers refrigerators things part daily lives things part lives forget realize economic system comparison countries comforts places educational system able produce goods services shorten week lengthen vacations able provide health services citizens simple answers questions part learn things economic system discuss basic questions economic system including answer
types sizes businesses business small newspaper stand neighborhood corner large complex oil company wells refineries pumping stations countries individual businesses operate perform basically kinds activities important activities buying goods services selling goods services storing goods handling money keeping records extending credit customers providing services customers packaging dividing goods training employees businesses buy goods services resale owner clothing store instance buy slacks jackets suits coats items stock store owner needs sales tickets cash register display cases supplies needs services offered businesses advertising space newspaper window cleaner wash display windows businesses sell goods services expect stay operation businesses grocery stores hardware stores jewelry stores sell goods businesses telephone companies airlines sell services doctors dentists lawyers architects offer professional services goods stored sold customer wants delivered toys produced round stored retail merchants order christmas
cantor garage dan barber shop boyd hart hardware bechtel manufacturing company fashion fair department store names common names businesses study names businesses community find clues type ownership names smaller cantor garage dan barber shop suggest owned person boyd hart hardware firm owned persons bechtel manufacturing company fashion fair department store owned invested money differing type ownership businesses differ greatly size local automobile dealer employ help salesman mechanics office worker company makes cars employ owned investors major types business ownership sole proprietorship partnership corporation later part learn type business ownership cooperative sole proprietorship business owned person sole proprietorships small firms grocery stores restaurants gas stations barber shops drugstores partnership owned managed small group partners written agreement partners share profits losses responsibilities business
hear word bank think place money safely bank place money bank confident need bank place money safely bank business stores factories community hopes profit owners performing services customers services bank simple changing quarter nickels helping start savings program dollars services complex making business firm payroll involving thousands dollars arranging million dollar loan build factory simple complex bank services important helping carry daily business transactions suppose gary marshall high school student summer job pays week plans save wages partly pay school expenses partly build fund future college expenses gary knows carries money keeps home tempted spend lost stolen protect money gary put weekly pay bank puts money bank makes deposit depositor
writes checks deal responsiblity observe precautions likelihood losing money poorly written checks write checks forms supplied bank theoretically write check shingle millions checks written sorting checks exchanging banks tremendous task task completed reasonable cost machines sort checks according numbers printed magnetic ink lower left corner check numbers sorting interrupted check delayed charge handling check destroy checks errors erase try retrace writing fill checks handles check leaves hands sure sign checks signature recorded signature card bank refuse honor checks don sign checks amount left blank held responsible amounts filled don overdraw checking account balance bank expected cash checks amount account
depositor canceled checks evidence payments canceled check check stub valuable evidence check stub depositor record check prove payee actually received check canceled check hand evidence payee received payment true payee sign check cashes signature called endorsement pay check evidence paid paid paid check stub show payment average million checks written individuals businesses country stacked checks written single cover football field depth feet handling vast number checks estimated cost billion billion volume checks increases cost handling increases banks spending large sums money develop saving labor saving methods handling checks hope improve service customers reduce number checks required fairly easy eliminate need checks depositor making regular payments bank
bodily injury liability insurance protects policyholder claims resulting injuries deaths caused car drives kind insurance covers persons cars guests riding driver pedestrians cover policyholder cases family amounts bodily injury coverage generally expressed number refers limit thousands dollars insurance company pay injuries person accident number maximum thousands dollars paid injuries resulting accident states minimum amount purchased states higher minimums ranging car owners consider carrying larger amounts bodily injury liability insurance minimums financial responsibility laws require unusual juries award injured person happened coverage insurance company pay limit pay rest large claims occur small claims cost extra coverage reasonable bodily injury liability insurance protection mainly policyholder car involved injury persons injuries suffered policyholder covered car owners carry bodily injury insurance obtain medical expense protection families buying medical payments insurance
prefers property owner buy separate policies insure kinds perils buy standard fire policy insures losses caused fire lightning policy generally covers losses caused smoke water damage resulting firemen efforts put fire damage articles moved burning building additional premium extended coverage included standard fire policy expands coverage include damage wind hail smoke riot vehicles falling aircraft individual policies meet special protection needs property owners person lose money piece property damaged destroyed insurable interest property person insurable interest property paid damage property paid insurance policy insurable interest existed policy bought insurable interest exist loss suppose vincent mueller house insured policy expires september mueller sells house june insurable interest expires house destroyed fire july collect insurance policy effect
endowment insurance savings plan insurance protection endowment policy provide fund money insured end period age insured dies end endowment period face policy paid beneficiary assume gary estes wants sure money send children college child born takes endowment policy policy mature payable estes living end period dies educational fund child case face policy child education recent important development personal insurance guaranteed insurability option enables policyholder buy additional insurance uninsurable option generally offered purchase straight endowment policy persons age additional insurance purchased amount original policy person economic risks able protect exactly risks concern
stopped think money earn lifetime suppose start working part graduate high school accept full job marry expect earn deal money demands food shelter clothing medical care education insurance transportation expenses paid deal wisely demands recently articles dealing family incomes spending habits appeared leading magazine article family earning going broke article family living saving money accounts situation accounted largely terms money management family possibly money management family money management mean getting income mean miser spending things want afford buy money management mean fun gaining satisfaction careful planning spending skill money management skill learned sits typewriter types words minute
budget directs money spent records show money actually spent records burdensome detailed simple provide information needed steve decided record income expenses form shown illustration study illustration carefully follow steps steve filling record steve wrote total amount budgeted amount budgeted item amounts remind times allowing item ruled line page confuse budget amounts amounts received spent april started record steve cash distinguish beginning balance amounts received week wrote word balance explanation column note month entered date column april steve received allowance spent cents lunch school note entries similar entry week amounts spent purposes total entered payments column individual amounts entered distribution columns
inflation occurs demand goods services tends greater supply period prosperity job optimistic spend earnings freely greatly increase credit purchases especially installment plan result demand goods kinds tends increase rapidly happens prices rise prices rise wages salaries tend rise increases wages salaries offset increased production effect prices increases wages salaries greater increases production dollars spent limited amount goods prices push upward meet demand expected demand goods businesses expand build stores factories spend large amounts equipment spending turn increases demand tends add upward movement prices local federal governments contribute inflation governments spend enormous amounts money defense public buildings roads kinds goods services governments raise taxes match payments expenditures increase demand dollar spend public dollar spend governments borrow large amounts banks spend amounts increase demand governments spend borrowed funds amount public spend decreased
members family breakfast morning coffee cereal sliced bananas cereal trading brazil coffee honduras bananas sugar table philippines paper morning newspaper printed canada country natural resources skilled labor force modern machines methods production sufficient borders things need want carried trade foreign countries trade countries answer question let look trade sections country sections country unique assets assets things climate deposits natural resources rich soil favorable location unique assets enable region produce service higher quality lower cost region region produce product efficiently region comparative advantage florida comparative advantage wisconsin growing oranges hawaii comparative advantage ohio growing pineapples washington comparative advantage wyoming catching canning fish
country thousands communities small towns farming communities large cities vast army civilian workers million women leave homes addition million women serving armed forces civilian workers employed vast majority employed help businessman government agency produce goods services increase country wealth gain understanding army workers studying illustration chart workers divided large groups notice largest groups operatives clerical workers smallest groups agricultural workers laborers workers supervisors managers salaried means earn amount money week month hourly workers earn hour piece rate workers paid amount item produce service render workers sales field paid commission means paid percentage sale chart picture kinds country actually kinds jobs occupational group
employers employment agencies find workers agencies publicly privately owned governments operate employment services cooperation federal government offices found larger towns cities offices test job seekers abilities aptitudes counsel job seekers try match person requirements job opening employment service operated tax money fees charged job seekers employers public nonprofit employment agencies charge fees small operated schools unions organizations ymca ywca urban league private employment agencies business profit charge fee services jobs employer pay fee job seeker hired jobs job seeker pay fee percentage salary earned month months private employment agencies trustworthy helpful job seeker investigate agency services employers hiring procedures small firms hiring informally basis personal interview owner manager large firms personnel department department begins looking employees form job specification describes duties job specifies skills knowledge training experience qualified worker
figure earth direct sun rays strike earth north equator heating occurs earth direct rays sun fall south equator southern hemisphere summer december north pole tipped farthest sun winter begins december northern hemisphere coldest south pole getting sunlight summer beginning southern hemisphere understand situation think person leaving warm house person entering house cold imagine meet doorway re standing place expect temperature warm room body clothes stored warmth begin feel cold person coming cold feel warm inside fire minutes seasons december sun lowest sky nights longest northern hemisphere stored heat summer past don feel cold deep winter mid january february
minerals naturally occurring solids composed elements elements smallest parts matter broken makes elements elements account tendency minerals form cyrstals questions led scientists theory explaining smaller parts minerals elements atoms greek philosopher named democritus suggested ago matter tiny particles called atoms idea generally accepted english scientist john dalton laid foundation modern atomic theory proposed ideas explain differences elements account behavior gases substances composed small solid indestructible particles called atoms atoms substance size shape atom smallest particle element enters chemical compounds formed combinations atoms elements later scientists discovered dalton indestructible atoms broken today large number subatomic particles smaller atom known main building units atom electrons protons neutrons electron particle recognized basic part atoms recognition discovery electricity consists stream moving electrons electron unit negative electrical charge
weight water cent oxygen cent hydrogen oxygen atom abundant component hydrosphere tasted sea water water salty lakes hydrosphere elements element found crust present sea water small amounts learn ions sea study water cycle unit moon rocks extraordinarily free water form superdry pieces lunar crust absorbed large amounts water exposed earth moist air composition air analyzed ago antoine lavoisier lavoisier performed brilliant series experiments air experiment heated bottle mercury fixed amount air large bell jar days heated mercury boiling point red particles formed mercury particles stopped forming days lavoisier calculated original cubic centimeters air bell jar reduced cubic centimeters reasoned cubic centimeters air mercury form red particles found gas remaining bell jar dense ordinary air
melting boiling investigation temperature stopped rising adding heat heat change ice water later water vapor heat energy absorbed phase called latent heat latent means hidden potential hidden change temperature water exact amount heat absorbed piece ice water water freezes temperature similarly amount heat water evaporates amount released vapor condenses water temperature remains think latent heat potential energy stored liquid gas latent heat easy concept understand explanation give basic idea water molecules ice fairly rigidly bound energy absorbed ice melting break rigid arrangement molecules water molecules move freely slip slide bonds weak takes supply energy molecules liquid break bonds exist vapor water boils bubbles water vapor rise surface incidentally bubbles water vapor invisible holes water
hot objects sun emit short wave radiation cooler objects emit wave radiation half solar energy short wave radiation light energy passes transparent substances contrast earth emits wave radiation wave radiation felt heat feel heat radiating pavements soil surfaces hot weather materials affected differently energy sun window pane transmits sunlight nearly transparent short wave solar energy passes energy absorbed heat glass walls furniture inside room absorb large part solar radiation coming window energy radiated furniture unlike original solar energy wave radiation unable pass window pane try putting piece glass front hot object heat waves cut greenhouse traps heat energy atmosphere phenomenon called greenhouse effect atmosphere glass transmit earth wave radiation readily transmits short wave solar radiation mainly water vapor concentrated lower part atmosphere acts window glass water vapor nearly transparent sunlight coming vapor absorbs wave radiation going coming
energy sun produces circulation air water atmosphere earth radiative balance emitting amount radiation absorbs sun earth temperature range determined largely distance sun water occur states move water cycle earth atmosphere absorb cent insolation rest reflected space clouds air molecules ice snow materials earth surface atmosphere absorbs incoming energy earth surface absorbs earth surface emits wave radiation absorbed water vapor carbon dioxide atmosphere gases radiate energy downward upward earth surface receives energy atmosphere sun result earth surface warmer atmosphere trap energy earth roundness incoming energy unevenly distributed equator poles distribution produces energy source equator energy sinks poles higher latitudes emit energy absorb lower latitudes absorb energy emit latitudinal distribution radiation largely controls earth temperatures land water strongly influence temperature seasonal daily variations
major agent erosion water falls runs land rainfall important shaping landscapes deserts scene figure part death valley average rainfall centimeters rain running water shape desert landscape average total precipitation land areas cubic kilometers falls gently snow lands raindrops large drops splash sand grains centimeters air land unprotected vegetation raindrops move particles downslope cent total precipitation evaporated retained rocks soil remaining cubic kilometers runs lands oceans capacity torrent erode land greater agents erosion combined ocean waves erode land narrow band shores continents united states stream gauging stations regularly measure load suspended sediment materials carried solution dragged stream bed measured total load stream compared area land stream drains calculate total amount land removed amount ranges tons square kilometer
millions river system carried sediments ocean basin basin filled mississippi valley delta growing seaward deltas region millions fact deposits laid cairo illinois mississippi carries million tons sediment gulf mexico sediment eroded cent land area united states particles deposited delta shallow water edges swept coast bays marshes travel slope delta submerged fan gulf mexico tens millions river carrying soils sediments sea expect gulf mexico gradually filling sediments mississippi rivers enter gulf coastal regions receive similar volumes sediment west africa congo river south america amazon orinoco china yangtze india ganges siberia lena river case filling going millions broad flat coastal plain formed geologists exploring oil learned sedimentary layers lower mississippi valley coast meters thick bend earth crust
sedimentary rocks center geosyncline thicker borders differ ways field trip buffalo western massachusetts central rocks bent broken squeezed outer edge features obvious thickening rocks hall credit able determine shape geosyncline rocks bent broken squeezed stretched called deformed identify kind deformation place idea rocks looked inflated basketball sitting slightly flattened basketball looked sitting say football deformed basketball case knowledge object deformed detect describe outcrops deformed sedimentary rocks illustrated figure folds faults fractures caused pressures squeezed layers sedimentary rocks large belts similarly bent folded rocks occur mountain ranges instances blocks earth crust actually slid top blocks faulting evidence means stage history geosyncline sediments reached thicknesses meters basin stops sinking tilting
look landscape figure kinds terrain scene top scene rough cut gullies major valley canyon landscape eroded kind terrain bottom photograph smooth includes deposits floor canyon fan canyon end fan turn spread broader area sediment coming area apparently area eroding receiving sediment place piece tracing paper figure lightly draw line borders picture carefully trace line separate kinds terrain land eroding land receiving sediment major contrasts landscapes sides line landscapes change figure effects thousands erosion deposition road runs edge fan notice patch light colored gravel deposited steep fan end canyon important addition material fan decades sediment area build stream shifts course part fan gravel makes thousandth deposit
century earth scientists thought earth proving age simple matter earliest attempts date earth english astronomer edmund halley correctly assumed sea originally fresh water gradually saltier aged halley knew salts sea dissolved rocks carried sea streams led believe total amount salt sea clue age oceans turn age oceans provide estimate age earth halley unable try salinity method dating data john joly irish scientist believed assembled information reasonable estimate age ocean calculations suggested million oceans reach present salinity formed sea earth bound million period geologists tried learn took form sedimentary rocks earth crust studied rates accumulation sediments estimated required deposit sediment needed form meter sandstone limestone shale rocks examined exposed rocks
james hutton true pioneers earth science ideas earth revolutionary called father geology trained physician hutton lived edinburgh traveled widely britain scottish physician turned geologist carefully studied earth surface hutton inquiring mind accurate field observations interpretations remarkably accurate scientists century skeptical ideas worse dull wordy style writing hampered attempts explain startling findings luckily hutton friends john playfair recognized potential hutton poorly written playfair professor mathematics philosophy edinburgh skillful writer knack logical presentation ideas book illustrations huttonian theory earth simplified hutton statements included ideas published hutton death playfair book widely read accepted geologists thanks playfair budding science geology revolutionized hutton interpretation earth materials geologic processes light evidence field studies hutton concluded natural processes changing earth surface operated uniformly continuously geologic past simply stated present key past known principle uniformitarianism principle uniformity process idea lies heart geologic interpretation
exactly solar system formed clues comets composed lighter elements form dust frozen compounds hydrogen carbon oxygen nitrogen astronomers theorize comets left original cloud material formed solar system cloud composed hydrogen helium light elements trace heavy elements iron number independent methods dating earth moon rocks meteorites give age solar system billion astronomers agree sun planets formed theory origin solar system based observations parts space scattered galaxy numerous globules dust gas cold dark visible block light remote stars globules condensing contracting law gravitation thousands pressure temperature center globules produce nuclear energy star born contracting cloud spin faster faster central part condenses form star outer parts condense form planets moons theory originally proposed french scientist laplace
energy output stars tremendous star fuel instance sun pours energy equal million million million constantly shining watt bulbs fossil records sun shone energy millions millions answer question fuel supplied enormous outputs energy late half century sun fuel supply hydrogen hydrogen transformed helium nuclear processes going deep sun interior learn nuclear physics hydrogen transformed helium small amount matter transformed energy vast output sun calls annihilation million tons matter amount matter destroyed million tons sun hydrogen transformed million tons helium sun weighs million tons richer helium sun massive seemingly mass loss small terms sun sun fuel left shining past billion true stars star times massive sun radiates times energy sun
heard travel faster speed light want challenge conclusion suppose say situation shown figure surely observer galaxy galaxy going times speed light figure letter equals speed light actually observer galaxy galaxy speeding speed light explained theory relativity developed albert einstein called theory predictions relativity tested laboratory theory accepted solidly laws physics concepts relativity strange experience high speeds effects relativity noticeable atom smashing cyclotron electrons travel high speeds relativity predicts electrons heavier high speeds cyclotron prediction account electrons behave massive speed increases moved speed light behave infinitely massive theory relativity proposed einstein explain things surprising conclusion careful measurement velocity light
term protoplasm refer living substance cell believed protoplasm living things today cell substances structures single substance substances responsible characteristics automobile basic automobile substance cell basic cell substance complex organization parts today term protoplasm widely designate living contents cell convenience cytoplasm refers contents cell nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm flows circular motion cell streaming motion called cyclosis modern methods cell study biologists developed understandings cell structure cell types defined structures called organelles specialized functions cell performed organelles modern concept cell structure illustrated fig cell enclosed living cell membrane plasma membrane separates cell environment cell membrane consists layer lipid fat layers protein permits materials pass readily selectively permeable membrane
research tools techniques improved biologists discovered finer details structure cells early microscope showed cell undifferentiated mass material discovered cell consists organelles nucleus plastids mitochondria recent times electron microscope revealed smaller structures ribosomes layers membranes fibers centrioles bigger large molecules end finer substances discovered part fine structures investigated tools biochemist molecules cell composed generally small seen electron microscope understanding chemistry order analyze cell structure smaller levels organization matter mass occupies space air invisible matter consists atoms molecules mass basic form matter element elements combine definite proportions form compounds nearly elements proper conditions combine elements form compounds study chemistry starts atoms smallest particles element part chemical reactions atom thought solid unit known protons neutrons electrons nuclear particles particles atoms known properties
nucleic acids giant molecules molecular weight precise arrangement carbon sugars phosphate groups nitrogen groups found living cell important mechanism heredity types nucleic acids dna deoxyribonucleic acid rna ribonucleic acid structures considered chapter enzymes organic catalysts common method preparing oxygen school laboratory decompose potassium chlorate kclo heating test tube equation reaction students add small amount manganese dioxide mno speeds reaction permits proceed applied heat manganese dioxide acts catalyst substance affects speed chemical reaction catalysts speed rate reaction slow enzymes organic catalysts promote numerous reactions living cell enzymes proteins enzymes giant protein molecules regulate rate chemical reactions living things molecules folded held definite shape chemical linkages electrostatic forces shape important determining activity enzymes material acted enzyme called substrate substrate molecules smaller enzyme molecules fit definite positions reactive sites surface enzyme molecules proteins enzymes altered heat longer function temperatures
ingestion process organisms food amoeba ingests smaller protists surrounding protoplasmic projections called pseudopods food particle enclosed small globule food vacuole freed cytoplasm enzymes enter digest food vacuole circulates streaming cytoplasm paramecium feeds microorganisms drawn oral groove beating cilia lining groove food forced end gullet food vacuoles form detached circulated definite pattern digestion occurs eventually food vacuole breaks open anal spot undigested solid materials discharged animals food getting requires motion search pursuit capture food amoeba paramecium attracted food chemical stimuli cultured grown dishes laboratory congregate large numbers decaying food particles hydra found submerged vegetation ponds lakes cup shaped animal fourth inch length consisting layers cells arranged hollow cylinder outer layer cells ectoderm layer cells endoderm foot end body attachment locomotion hydra moves slow gliding motion foot amoeboid cells slow somersaulting movement inching process mouth end body surrounded circular arrangement tentacles bearing stinging cells called nematocysts
transport intake distribution materials organism transport occur membranes cells cell parts multicellular animals materials carried water oxygen digested foods wastes metabolism hormones solubility important transport insoluble materials circulate readily usable materials found blood soluble materials glucose amino acids minerals vitamins glucose soluble nutrient patient receive directly bloodstream intravenously digestion required fact digestion changing insoluble nutrients soluble form absorption circulation small lump sugar stirred glass water soon invisible say sugar dissolved water form solution phenomenon explained theory matter composed molecules moving random directions molecules matter solid move slowly liquid move rapidly dissolving solid lump sugar molecules solid hit water molecules spread pass water molecules individual sugar molecules small seen lump sugar vanished diffusion migration molecules ions result movement bombarded molecules ions
warm blooded animal supply large amounts oxygen tissues reason birds mammals special arrangement pumping blood lungs receive oxygen mammals side heart pumps blood lungs left side supplies rest body circulation human shown fig note wall ventricle thinner left ventricle ventricle develop pressure left human circulatory system main pathways pulmonary means lungs large pulmonary artery leaves ventricle divides arteries carry blood lungs arteries divide form capillaries blood side heart oxygen dark red color acquires oxygen capillaries lungs turns bright red enters pulmonary veins return left atrium blood dark red deoxygenated side heart bright red oxygenated left side division heart left sides helps separate oxygenated deoxygenated blood systemic circulation circulation blood major systems body left atrium contracts forcing blood valve left ventricle left ventricle contracts forcing blood aorta largest artery body
synapse region terminal branches neuron separated slight gap dendrites neuron shown fig nerve impulse conducted gap terminal branches dendrites direction mechanism impulse crosses gap disclosed pioneering experiments otto loewi austrian biologist shared nobel prize discoveries loewi experimented hearts frogs frog heart beats slow rhythm removed body saline solution attached heart nerves accelerator nerve speeds heartbeat vagus nerve slows heartbeat experiments loewi immersed beating hearts separate dishes saline solution ringer solution mild electric current stimulated vagus nerve attached heart heart began beat slowly expected loewi transferred saline solution dish heart dish heart found heart began beat slowly heart received impulses vagus nerve released water chemical substance affected heart beat slowly indication chemical substance involved neural pathways chemical substance later identified acetylcholine
parathyroids group minute glands located lobes thyroid gland hormone secrete parathormone regulates amount calcium blood rate calcium deposited bones shortage parathormone results transfer calcium blood bones lowered calcium blood produces violent involuntary muscular contractions convulsions called tetany proper metabolism calcium needed nerve functions blood clotting proper growth bones teeth pancreas portion secretes digestive enzymes special endocrine cells secrete hormones pancreas duct gland ductless gland noted earlier chapter action pancreas duct gland ready study function ductless gland german physician paul langerhans examined microscopic structure pancreas noted groups cells appeared adjacent stood islands mass tissue cells named islands langerhans endocrine cells secrete hormones insulin glucagon hormone insulin actually indirectly named islands langerhans island possessions united states called insular possessions hormone extracted usable form sir frederick banting workers
number demonstrations commonly performed show importance components equation photosynthesis experiment performed geranium plant select leaf remove plant cover upper lower surfaces portion leaf prevent light reaching cells portion leaf small pieces cork black paper held place pins paper clip achieve desired separation part green leaf capable receiving sunlight serve control let plant stand dark overnight expose plant sunlight hours remove leaf plant cork black paper boil leaf water soften boil leaf alcohol extract chlorophyll caution alcohol vapors highly flammable electric hot plate open flame leaf appears white wash alcohol water place leaf shallow dish flood leaf iodine solution look color change leaf examining leaf find part leaf exposed light turned blue black showing presence starch part leaf receive light remained color iodine stain indicating absence starch
paramecium complicated amoeba oral groove contractile vacuoles nuclei macronucleus micronucleus macronucleus regulate general metabolism cell micronucleus concerned reproduction micronucleus undergoes mitosis macronucleus merely pinches half simplified presentation binary fission paramecium shown fig note oral groove gradually disappears nuclei divide cytoplasm begins pinch approximately half daughter cells oral groove formed additional contractile vacuole appears complete cells formed pull swim paramecium undergoes conjugation form sexual reproduction budding type asexual reproduction individual produced outgrowth older individual called bud budding celled organisms resembles binary fission nucleus divided equal portions mitosis budding differs binary fission cytoplasm divided equal portions bud smaller amount cytoplasm yeast cell celled plant reproduces budding yeast cells nucleus divides mitosis forming identical nuclei occurring cell wall softened bud begun form pushing outward parent newly formed nuclei moves bud remains parent cell wall forms bud parent forming cells bud increases size eventually break
section study type cell division called meiosis important process occurs gonads testes ovaries previously stated organism characteristic number chromosomes body cells number chromosomes occur pairs pairs homologous similar chromosomes fertilization nuclei sperm ovum fuse zygote fertilized egg double number chromosomes present gametes zygote cells body produced mitosis introduces puzzling situation cells offspring double number chromosomes present parents doubling occur process meiosis let meiosis kind cell division number chromosomes reduced half chromosomes cells testes cells ovaries reduced number chromosomes sperm ova gametes receive chromosomes obtain set consisting member pairs monoploid number number chromosomes single set homologues number found sperm egg diploid number number chromosomes double set found body cells
testes paired structures lie outpocketing body wall called scrotum temperature scrotum degrees lower body temperature slightly lower temperature advantageous production storage sperm sperm produced series highly coiled tubes testes transported series ducts body seminal vesicles prostate gland supply fluid mixture fluid sperm known semen sperm produced numbers mating million sperm transferred female liquid transport medium sperm adaptation land testes produce male sex hormones regulate secondary sexual characteristics pitch voice growth hair face production sperm male ova female primary sexual characteristics ovaries paired structures located lower portion abdominal cavity ovaries produce eggs tiny cavities called follicles follicle matures filled fluid discharges ripe egg fluid surface ovary ovulation discharge egg adult human female ovum produced ovary female approximately days ovaries alternate producing ovum producing ovum
basic pollution problem huge increase population population explosion caused increase birthrate decrease deathrate worldwide improvements medical care sanitation present rate population increase continues estimated food sufficient population malthus predicted war famine disease reduce size population malthusian increase deathrate alternative reduce birthrate means family planning united states family planning supported educational efforts government planned parenthood federation america aim family planners achieve population growth zpg extensive governmental efforts control population growth successful japan successful india noise unpleasant capable causing impairment hearing physiological damage shown noise constricts arteries raises blood pressure affect glandular respiratory systems industrial studies shown noise fatigue impairs efficiency leads irritability poor cooperation worst noise offenders trucks airplanes buses subways blame shared compressors jackhammers construction garbage trucks lawn mowers rock music recent recognition noise form environmental pollution federal agencies making steps improving situation
living things arise previously living things biogenesis earth originate possibilities existed earth according idea earth living inhabitants beginning scientists convinced earth beginning billion ago earth living inhabitants existed outer space objection hypothesis form capable surviving extremes temperature deadly radiation present space meteors striking atmosphere burn friction scientists found forms carbon meteorites reached planet wondered remains living forms reach earth merely pushes question originate region rule explanation origin planet originated earth remote past hypothesis contradict concept biogenesis according idea biogenesis today conditions arise previously existing conditions existing primitive earth gotten start nonliving materials conditions autotroph hypothesis heterotroph hypothesis ideas attempt account origin earth billion ago primitive conditions existed
according lamarck changing environment changing needs organisms shaped course evolution biologists today emphasize role changing environment guiding path evolution concept happens differs greatly lamarck variety organisms obtain characteristic needed today recognized random genetic mutations introduce alleles gene pool gene frequencies traits favored environment alleles traits harmful organisms beneficial struggle survival changed environment alleles ordinarily harmful adaptive result permits success environment percentages alleles population tend reflect adaptive traits controlled alleles alleles traits offer high survival tend increase frequency alleles traits low survival tend decrease frequency environmental conditions change selective forces act gene pool gene frequencies traits control change markedly traits low survival greater survival changed environment gene frequencies increase hand traits high survival diminish considerably disappear changed environment
constantly producing heat oxidation constantly losing heat air body balances production heat loss heat health temperature remain approximately north pole equator normal temperature mouth degrees fahrenheit degrees celsius inside body temperature higher temperature slightly higher slightly lower healthy person temperature degree lower morning afternoon human cells efficiently body temperature normal temperature goes activities body disturbed careful record sick person temperature physician information help determine wrong patient getting body temperature called fever temperature rises functions body seriously harmed body temperatures fatal low temperatures harmful chilling body uneven parts body remain warm cold cases apparently frozen recovered metabolic processes alive keeping alive sound dull
cell body threadlike projections cell body nerve cell nucleus cell body cell bodies located brain spinal cord projections cell body called nerve fibers nerve impulses pass nerve cell ends nerve fibers nerve endings impulses travel direction nerve cell backward nerve fiber cut injured grow slowly cell body killed cell die grow place nerve fibers seen microscope fibers bound bundles called nerves large nerves look white strings nerve fibers single telephone wires nerves telephone cables wires nerves reach tissues organs body nerves short spinal cord toes feet length nerves carry impulses central nervous system sense organs sensory nerves nerve impulses carry reach brain conscious light color heat cold pressure pain sound taste sensations impulses sensory nerves blocked sensation lost physicians dentists fact give patient anesthetic dentist pull teeth local anesthetic
poliomyelitis caused virus tiny living organism leaves bodies persons infection discharges intestinal tract nose throat infectious organism enters body person food drink poliomyelitis commonly termed infantile paralysis occurs adults children illness follows infection mild recognized poliomyelitis mild infections rarely attention physician paralytic form disease develops small percentage persons infected severe infection spinal cord brain virus attacks nerve cells control groups muscles causing paralysis extent paralysis depends number nerve cells attacked death occurs caused severe damage nerve cells control muscles breathing research dr jonas salk succeeded making vaccine high grade protection paralytic poliomyelitis vaccine injection licensed united states public health service general dramatic decrease incidence disease resulted salk vaccine largely replaced oral vaccine developed dr albert sabin licensed general oral vaccine mouth infants vaccinated months
mental illnesses classified major groups neuroses psychoses psychosomatic disorders chief kind mental illness inadequate development skills meet basic emotional needs addition person victim shock severely handicapping illness result shock losing job act brings intense feelings guilt sudden loss loved anxiety caused meeting emotional need adequately shock personality brings neurosis common type neurotic illness persistent fear excess amount justified situation fears result anxieties person express unusual child experience fear dark adult afraid sleep light room suffering abnormal fear darkness fear deeply repressed fear consciously express real anxiety unconsciously changed physical disability worry relieved extent boy extremely worried able win pole vault championship filled anxiety legs paralyzed relieved making attempt win physical paralysis suffer physical conversion mental anxiety
child shows concern wishes desires sign growing learns recognize actions affect realizes needs desires learns respect rights feelings wants belong groups finds similar interests wholesome friendships opportunities service mature young person forms generous friendships accepts basis real worth takes turn willingly goes help newcomers strangers feels genuine interest religious racial backgrounds kind friendly unattractive unpopular talented average willing compromise wishes conflict listens views goes comfortable mature adult extends attitudes behavior interpersonal relationships community responsibilities young beginning high school interested members sex opposite sex age boys feel comfortable boys girls girls young advance high school physically emotionally mature increasing interest opposite sex
convincing evidence harmful effects smoking caused physicians stop smoking physician smokes cigarettes surgeons operate patients lung cancer smokes physicians smoke percent say judgment appears effects smoking smoke smoking reduces appetite dulls senses taste smell unattractive brown stains teeth fingers cigarette smokers caused tobacco tars nicotine tobacco tars irritating respiratory tract tars responsible loss smell unpleasant mouth conditions bad breath smoking headaches sleeplessness irritability excessive tobacco occasionally damages vision hearing allergic tobacco form acts poison heart rate increases smoking group young studied average increase single cigarette beats minute occasionally heartbeat irregular pain chest smoking small arteries contract smaller cuts flow blood results lowering temperature skin occurs habitual smokers beginners study persons smoking single cigarette caused average drop degrees fahrenheit degrees celsius temperature fingers toes
food particles bacteria mouth react form substances harmful tooth enamel removal food particles bacteria essential preventing decay teeth brushed meal bedtime brush stiff gentle stroke crowns teeth dental floss helpful brushing impossible rinsing mouth water worthwhile kind paste powder important brushing ordinary salt soda clean teeth efforts continually put dentifrices materials destroy bacteria dentifrice mouth short effect bacteria kill bacteria dentifrice strong injure gums lining mouth home care regular visits dentist means protecting teeth visit dentist find cavities small dentistry takes skill dentist carefully cleans examines teeth gums rays teeth gums find small cavities root abscesses problems prepares cavities filling decay left spread pulp fits fillings carefully loose allow decay start edges
common repeated sneezing sniffling nasal obstruction allergy touch swallow inhale things pollens plants tiny bits feathers house dust wool cosmetics kinds foods molds hair animals sensitive allergic substances reactions vary nasal membrane swell reaction headache upset stomach hives asthma person allergies change sensitive substances allergies occur members family sensitivity hereditary emotional disturbances related allergies persons allergies think chronic sinus infections person thinks cold allergic step treatment allergy find frequently skin tests small amounts pollen dust feathers wool things allergic dissolved injected skin inflammation skin substance allergy substance person knows allergy avoid stop sleeping feather pillow avoid dogs cats stop wearing woolen clothes allergies treated giving person small dose substance allergic giving larger larger doses
hear wide variety sounds high low loud soft sounds ordinary speech extremely high extremely low loudness sound measured decibels ordinary hearing consists ability hear speech sounds loudness decibels whispering teachers test hearing students ticking watch tuning fork whispered direction testing give indication hearing difficulty instrument called audiometer accurate measurement person ability hear trained person determine loud sound decibel level person hear persons difficulty hearing consult ear specialist find otologist physician specializes care ears hearing defects young result infections reach middle ear eustachian tubes swelling middle ear interferes hearing preventing bones moving repeated infections middle ear thicken membranes reduce ability transmit sound waves abscess forms ear breaks eardrum hearing seriously impaired opening small side eardrum able move sound waves strike large break center eardrum useless hearing
known endocrine glands thyroid hormone thyroxine influences rate metabolism cells body iodine essential proper functioning thyroid gland body iodine thyroid enlarges forms goiter iodine obtained food water regions soil iodine food water supply iodine residents soils especially glaciated areas iodine areas referred goiter belts large percentage lives belts sea water iodine salts eat seafood iodine need iodine food drinking water iodized salt source iodized salt orinary table salt small amount iodine compound added oversupply thyroxine blood cell metabolism speeded person remains thin matter eats feels warm cool weather apt excitable overactive shifts quickly activity hand undersupply thyroxine blood cell metabolism slowed person tends overweight eats food eats stored
vitamin especially important health skin eyes lack dryness roughness skin difficulty adjusting vision dim light blindness result lack vitamin vitamin helps building growth body cells vitamin found fish oils egg yolks liver butter cheese fortified margarine vitamin human body build vitamin carotene substance found green yellow vegetables fruits vitamin destroyed cooking vitamin group vitamins called vitamin complex important group thiamine riboflavin niacin lack vitamins result fatigue cracks corners mouth skin rashes soreness lips tongue loss appetite irritability beriberi disease results lack thiamine diet chief effects beriberi nervous system extreme cases death result milk liver eggs fish sources riboflavin grain cereals sources thiamine niacin rice loses vitamin polished early chickens showed importance vitamin chickens fed polished rice weak walk stand fed polishings rice quickly recovered
adults skeleton bone cartilage found ears lower part nose respiratory tract pads vertebrae ends bones joints cartilage baby skeleton deal cartilage child grows cartilage replaced bone cells calcium salts lack calcium vitamin diet infancy result rickets bones person rickets soft deformed bones young teens harder baby hard adult formation bone intricate set capillaries reaches part bone calcium salts harden bone tissue tiny canals blood vessels remain small blood vessels bones constant exchange minerals bone blood bone structure slowly bone breaks bone cells area begin build bone tissue hollow space center bones space filled bone marrow marrow manufactures red blood cells white blood cells joint formed ends bones attached ligaments strong bands connective tissue joint hold bones
married couples differ number children want plan families modern medical science makes family planning religious groups accept methods contraception birth control involving medication mechanical devices approve methods spacing children authoritative information concerning contraceptive methods obtained physician hospital clinics planned parenthood association centers couples unable children adopt children adoption agencies try match personal social religious racial characteristics adoptive parents real parents child grow compatible family couples adopt children plan families usual reason family planning desire parents give children economic educational advantages child born family children parents properly provide food chance education individual attention children unwanted child frequently tragedy family tragic effect child believes unwanted children feel unwanted show anger hostility attracting attention offensive behavior criminal acts show constant fear bitter hatred parents women wish child resort abortion interruption pregnancy
whooping cough caused bacterium spread coughing early symptoms whooping cough common cold mild cases diagnosed persons disease spread bacteria difficult prevent spread whooping cough disease controlled vaccination whooping cough vaccine dead whooping cough bacteria vaccinated children completely protected disease vaccination mild form vaccination whooping cough recommended booster doses vaccine frequently age measles disease infancy possibility death measles times baby child complications occur age measles virus carried discharges nose throat early symptoms cold stage disease easily passed persons sneezing talking coughing vaccine highly effective measles young children receive vaccine german measles caused virus milder measles prevented immunization expectant mother avoid exposure german measles disease injury unborn baby
progress public health provision medical services resulted willingness groups objectives professional associations american medical association american public health association american dental association american nurses association contributed present knowledge disease groups public informed ways prevent disease injury voluntary health organizations supported financial gifts american national red cross voluntary agency closely connected federal government works extensively armed services services red cross offers civilian population aid victims disaster national blood program courses health instruction sends aid countries need voluntary organizations concerned special disease problems examples american cancer society american heart association arthritis foundation national foundation march dimes concerned birth defects disorders national association mental health agencies interested needs special groups mentally retarded crippled children blind deaf babies veterans visiting nurse associations provide health instruction nursing care patients clinics homes safety councils accident prevention voluntary agencies pioneer medical research health education
performing experiment important steps scientific thinking hypothesis accepted true tested experiment scientist planning performing experiments experiment important question suppose wanted test hypothesis meteorites hypothesis meteorites heavier volume ordinary rock experiment check hypothesis look color shape observations interesting helpful testing hypothesis heavy depends mass need measure mass ordinary rock rock close volume meteorite important part experiment measure correctly mass objects observations scientific experiments measurements special care measurements correctly special equipment needed held heavy object hand lighter object tell mass object measuring mass need measurements understand means universal system measurement begin learning system measurement science
earthquake waves recorded instruments seismic stations kinds earthquake waves primary waves secondary waves surface waves primary waves caused vibrations rock travel earth faster waves reach seismic station secondary waves arrive result motions rock reach seismic station surface waves surface waves surface land move ripples move water types earthquake waves shown fig page earthquake waves recorded instrument called seismograph figure shows seismograph works method measuring intensity earthquakes invented charles richter richter scale numbers express amount energy released earthquake number represents times energy released earthquake measured number lower earthquake rated richter scale releases times energy rated earthquake rating richter scale damage buildings highest number recorded actual earthquake richter scale reached century
mountains lie belts rims north south america according plate tectonics theory north south america carried crustal plates plates move westward mid atlantic ridge plates making floor east side pacific ocean move eastward northeastward east pacific rise collision moving plates crumpling edges continents forming belts mountains andes south america mountain range likely formed collision moving plates andes show mountains formed boundaries crustal plates plate carrying south america colliding head part pacific floor collision pushes plate south american plate rides pacific plate ocean floor dives beneath south american continent deep trench results plate moving downward melted heat mantle sea floor dives south america material scraped sinking plate believed material added base andes mountains part melted material pushed cracks rocks columns magma eventually force upper continental plate result andes built ways
scientists rock layer hidden information past look fig notice markings rock layers marks formed answer question scientists look happening earth today figure shows inside sand dune looks notice sand deposited thin layers kinds marks found rock layer likely rock process principle uniform process principle states processes acting earth today acted earth past reading rock record reading story written mysterious code principle uniform process clue code clues group rock layers generally true bottom layer oldest top layer youngest pile books desk placing book top book put pile longest forms oldest layer pile bottom law superposition principle works rock layers formed
kind picture earth history comes study rocks fossils record complete scientists agree details fact clear disturbances crust accompanied living things guided evidence turning points scientists divide history earth periods called eras era living began million ago called cenozoic era recent eras cenozoic mesozoic era middle lasted million paleozoic era ancient lasted million covered eras percent earth history paleozoic makes remaining percent earth total history record events paleozoic era difficult read scientists agree divide period separate eras lumped span called precambrian cenozoic mesozoic paleozoic eras divided shorter parts called periods figure shows eras periods earth history earth existence known widely accepted scientific theories states earth sister planets sun formed billion ago
single atom small invisible powerful microscopes atoms smaller particles called atomic particles kinds atomic particles seen scientists able learn important facts particles greatest mass protons neutrons protons neutrons size smallest particles electron electrons thousandths mass proton particles protons neutrons electrons form basic structure atom protons electrons electrical charges experimented magnets seen effect electrical charges magnets held repel push held differently magnets attracted pulled protons electrons behave magnets protons positive electrical charge electrons negative electrical charge forces active protons electrons shown fig attraction protons electrons helps explain atoms arranged protons neutrons found center atom neutrons electrical charge neutral cluster protons neutrons center atom called nucleus nucleus protons positive electrical charge
spacecraft interconnected parts part fails threaten ship flight moon accident caused loss part oxygen supply passengers put danger lack oxygen fuel cells needed oxygen order supply electricity spacecraft astronauts shut equipment save electricity trouble system spacecraft affect systems earth supply passengers need survive spacecraft affects system earth effect systems burning fuel carbon dioxide gas air amount carbon dioxide air increases atmosphere trap sun heat earth climate warmer ice poles melt causing level oceans rise cities coasts flooded understanding systems earth connected sure planet support passengers question answered concerns earth support population growing rapidly million earth hundred later number increased million
water renewable resource millions ago earth million billion tons water water today water drop returned natural water cycle water moves sea evaporates falls rain earth water purified travels water cycle nature supply clean pure water amount water united states doubled water population continues grow present rate times water needed needed water satisfy future needs answer depends water supply protected main threat supply pure water future pollution kind pollution comes untreated sewage wastes raw sewage water supply carries germs disease motion water flowing streams break destroy dangerous wastes waste dissolved settles bottom wastes streams combine oxygen dissolved oxygen water acts wastes causing sewage changed harmless substances overloaded stream waste materials oxygen dissolved water
energy problems solved practical capture solar energy sun energy spread half earth surface simple collecting large amount energy found ways small part vast solar energy supply indirect solar energy solar energy stored energy coal solar energy hundred million ago plants stored solar energy food plant material slowly formed coal burning coal releases stored energy remains plants animals changed form petroleum fossil fuels coal petroleum kind solar energy slowly stored earth past fuels limited indirect sources solar energy renewed water power hydroelectric power produce electricity power falling water actually solar power heat sun drives water cycle lifts water sea water runs sea stored solar energy released hydroelectric power constantly renewed water cycle goes large amount water power resources wind source solar power
air masses move meet air mix easily mainly differences temperature bodies air cold air greater density warm air mixing air densities trying mix oil water don mix easily boundary air masses tends sharp distinct boundaries separating air masses called fronts locate fronts atmosphere measuring differences temperature pressure wind direction opposite sides front fronts form air mass moves region occupied air mass cold air mass invades warmer air cold front created colder air denser pushes warmer air wedge lifting warm air cumulus type clouds form cold front clouds cold front bring heavy rain cold fronts move quickly dense cold air pushes easily warmer air stormy weather connected cold front passes quickly air mass cold front brings cool dry weather warm air mass pushes area cold air warm front formed dense invading warm air rides colder air warm air lifted cirrus clouds formed high sky
weather forecasting begins observations atmosphere chapter learned measuring temperature relative humidity air pressure atmospheric conditions measured instruments observations simplest weather instruments rain gauge rain gauge container straight sides jar gauge collect measure amount rain fallen area wind direction measured wind vane wind vane turned wind points wind winds named direction wind blowing south north called south wind wind speed measured anemometer anemometers small cup end arms cups catch wind spinning arms instrument speed arms spin measure wind speed measurements conditions atmosphere earth surface today measurements levels atmosphere instruments balloons airborne instruments send data radio stations ground satellites provide additional data send television pictures follow cloud movements warm cool currents oceans satellite kind information meteorologists heat energy moves air atmosphere producing weather
rivers empty sea carried water rivers products rock weathering part material carried rivers fragments rock seen fragments called visible load consist fine particles silt clay larger fragments rock rolled bounced stream bed material carried stream dissolved water dissolved material makes invisible load dissolved minerals brought sea rivers sea salty visible load invisible load end sediments sea floor visible load river deposited close shore river empties sea large particles dropped mouth rivers waves currents caused waves carry material shore material later deposited forming sandy beaches finer particles carried farther deposited continental shelves huge underwater fan shaped deposits formed mouth rivers deposits deltas hidden beneath water deep canyons cut places continental shelves believed submarine canyons formed land sea level formed underwater landslides sediments build continental shelves collapse slide continental slope
outstanding feature jupiter size jupiter large half times mass planets put diameter times diameter earth earths equal jupiter volume times earth mass density jupiter fourth earth jupiter times farther sun earth receives heat strangely jupiter energy strong radio signals static jupiter scientists energy comes takes giant planet nearly complete orbit sun jupiter rotates fast jupiter ten hours rapid rotation noticeable bulge equator jupiter suppose ride observer spacecraft explore jupiter dangerous journey nearly survived passing deadly belt radioactivity jupiter rewarded wonderful sight light dark bands wide narrow seen circling planet coming closer pass outer part atmosphere hydrogen helium floating atmosphere observe light colored cloud bands frozen ammonia
sun stars seen earth part huge system stars called galaxy galaxy sun belongs billion stars shaped thin pocket watch dark night band misty light called milky seen thick collection stars visible flat part galaxy galaxy close light diameter light thick center sun located light center star moves orbit center galaxy planets move sun star moving relation neighbors entire galaxy slowly turning center wheel clear night small fuzzy patch light sky telescope shows galaxy million light spiral shape makes look pinwheel scientists think galaxy looks viewed distance powerful telescopes show galaxies found million light galaxy biggest telescopes galaxies billion light
ago scientists radio telescope exciting discovery received mysterious signals antenna aimed location sky ordinarily radio telescope picks radio signals natural sources space signals received regularly spaced ticking clock thinking receiving message distant civilization called source lgm green later discovered signals actually neutron star questions raised earthlike planets orbiting suns answer question understand earth existence finish section able describe theory explains planets formed sun describe billion earth history explain believe universe examine possibility planetary systems sun ordinary star stars gas dust clouds billion ago cloud collected curving arms galaxy millions cloud slowly shrank collapsed cloud began turn thin flat disk slowly turning giant wheel center disk matter collected heavy body
behave depends largely behavior young child learned displease chiefly trial error discovered drawing crayons piece paper resulted praise affection thing walls brought opposite reaction things say acceptable actions words bring roof grew older learned judge likely acceptable behavior learned put person place imagine feelings learned wanted play game play according rules refused let game true written rules rules behavior behaving tennis court written rule book continue learn rules game kinds situations involving part learning common sense observation simply told acceptable play rules course choice aware consequences emotional prepared accept consequences
thinking economic independence leads naturally thinking future career bring face face question think early ask question choosing career earning living think tomorrow happens tomorrow depends lot happens today choices concerning continuing education training depend career chosen children enjoy pretending movie stars athletes nurses doctors racing drivers astronauts adolescent pretending give reality future thoughts questions reality order able decisions going questions ask answer think future want account interests abilities aptitudes limitations choice realistic certainly advice mature individuals helpful final choice obviously frankness honesty willing let chance decide going important developmental tasks think plan future career
begun feel importance accepted member group certainly important accepted group things group learning deal successfully helps learn relationships give chance try test change personal values understanding values learning standards give chance reconsider course part group mean accept values standards give chance compare choose join group bring set values standards behavior parents adults group set values standards tempted change order feel home group accepted don give learned getting likely group joined members sex group aware opposite sex tended include girls boys group
teenagers adults fight confusion drugs ways certainly knowledge decision drugs thinking mature rarely decision knowing result decision clearing confusion drugs help decision concern learn drugs effects decisions knowledgeable basis begin knowing drugs define mean word definitions drug proposed broad include leave included purpose definition word definition suggested discussion drugs drug substance food air water deliberately body produce desired effect definition includes substances medically treat prevent diagnose illnesses nonmedicinal purposes excludes substances enter body accidentally intent plant pollens insect stings disease germs talk drugs knowledgeably ignorance terms commonly
trouble solution heroin problem methadone addicting drug unexpected development methadone maintenance program methadone abused drug bootlegged streets illness problem cure problem penalties illegal possession purchase sale narcotics stated comprehensive drug abuse prevention control act penalties severe selling giving narcotics minors person narcotic imprisoned heavily fined illegal possession offense penalty prison fine stimulants drugs act central nervous system increase alertness curb appetite reduce feelings fatigue mildest stimulants caffeine found cocoa coffee tea cola beverages amphetamines related stimulants considerably stronger caffeine dangerous cocaine derived leaves coca plant south america powerful stimulant dangerously addicting properties legally classified narcotics purposes control medically narcotic principal medical stimulants control weight ward need sleep dangerous prolonged assignments
marijuana acts differently differently person times difficult exact effects users talkative loud moody quiet unsteadiness drowsiness difficulty coordination experienced effects marijuana emotions senses vary greatly large extent depend strength marijuana setting user expects happen drug affects individual control effects range depression feeling excitement users feel relaxed free worries smoking marijuana feel restless irritable researchers believe thc affects sense human body slowing body activity case understand marijuana smoker stare fascination speck ceiling earliest record marijuana dates drug recently active ingredient cannabis sativa thc isolated pure form research programs drug begin summer passed determine drug term effects studies conducted human beings deal short term effects
organs responsible sense hearing ears speak ear generally refer part ear visible outer ear part called small portion complex sense organ ear parts outer ear middle ear ear function outer ear catch sound waves shape designed purpose funneling waves ear canal ear canal conveys sound middle ear sound waves passed ear canal strike eardrum eardrum round flexible membrane stretched inside end ear canal sounds striking flexible membrane vibrate hand striking surface drum vibrations eardrum set small bones middle ear motion hammer attached eardrum moves anvil anvil turn moves stirrup hammer anvil stirrup act series levers multiply movements eardrum twenty times stirrup vibrates strikes cochlea main structure ear called cochlea means snail shell shape cochlea nerve endings chambers filled liquid
body compared engine order run needs fuel provide energy food eat fuel gasoline engine burns gasoline release energy body burns food release energy amount energy body portion food measured calories called energy food determined actually burning food special device called calorimeter measuring amount heat energy values foods vary greatly energy baked potato calories cucumber average size calories tables calorie values foods publications determines amount energy number calories need amount food energy required individuals varies greatly depends age body size sex type activity factor individual metabolic rate age sex height weight engage exactly kind activity food energy requirements metabolic rates burn energy faster impossible precise number calories needs course general rule pound body weight moderately active boy requires calories girl
factors determine body weight eat active metabolic rate factors body build important element heredity determines bone structure basic body build tall slender large boned heavy muscled combinations bone muscle structure normal affecting weight type body build optimum weight optimum weight weight feel comfortable tired easily feel look sooner later concerned look look affects feel feel appearance count certainly weight important factor appearance important effects weight problems body overweight important health hazard fact diseases overweight uncommon young mean don concern maintenance health lifelong project children adolescents overweight periods likely grow obese adults longer wait weight difficult lose unwanted pounds underweight problem hollow chest bony knees unattractive potbelly fleshy hips
thousands kinds bacteria known perform functions decay dead plants animals play important role nature vital cycles source food countless small organisms bacteria help digest food eat small number responsible infectious disease infectious diseases caused bacteria cholera bubonic plague diphtheria pneumonia strep throat scarlet fever tetanus tuberculosis typhoid fever whooping cough table end chapter find list common infectious diseases disease find microorganism disease spread symptoms means preventing protozoa celled organisms resemble animal cells generally microscopic size large seen naked eye protozoa live water important part diet large small animals biologists estimate kinds protozoa responsible infectious diseases diseases include malaria sleeping sickness amebic dysentery spite fact viruses disease causing agents successfully fought scientists nature remained mystery longer pathogen jenner pioneer vaccination directed smallpox virus disease
spite skin mucous membranes germs past protective barriers happens confronted line defense body added protection line represented white blood cells leukocytes blood composed mainly water red color due red blood cells carry oxygen body tissues wastes blood white blood cells leukocytes red blood cells microscopic single drop blood leukocytes main function fight germs past line defense surrounding infectious microorganisms prevent spreading destroy battle clearly visible infected area mass living dead leukocytes germs forms liquid known pus lymph watery portion blood helps clean remains infection carrying pus lymph nodes filtered dissolved large number germs present body tissues number white blood cells generally increases sharply doctors able tell person infection run test called white cell count number white cells higher normal number patient infection
generally early symptoms gonorrhea disappear days simply means bacteria spread parts body left untreated gonorrhea result sterility inability children arthritis heart trouble disorders bacteria gonorrhea infected mother eyes newborn baby happen birth child blind special antiseptic solution eyes newborn babies birth syphilis bacterial infection caused type bacteria called spirochete infection transmitted person sexual intimacy cocci bacteria gonorrhea spirochetes syphilis thrive environment provided mucous membranes gonorrhea syphilis diseases syphilis develops distinct stages times overlap primary stage infected person develops open sore called chancre chancre appears genital area days infection external males easily seen chancre unnoticed females internal weeks chancre disappears treatment mean disease disappeared contrary sign spirochetes migrated original site infection rapidly spreading body
water water drop drink lines ancient mariner written spoken ship wrecked sailor adrift sea reached shore problems soon found river lake poor sailor reached american shore look rivers lakes say water water drop drink environmental pollution major problems actually pollution began problem recently frightened pollution finally begun environmental pollution affecting health fact threatens mankind survival hope maintain health atmosphere filled smog poisonous gases surrounded dying rivers lakes blasted noise choked garbage litter health maybe lives depends controlling pollution problem problem affects help solve pollution defined act making dirty obviously solve pollution problem stop pumping dirt environment find responsible mess
individuals water pollution turn backs problem affects health group concerned citizens heard largest cities listened largest industries working help members communities aware health hazards resulting water pollution insist water safe drink ask sewage cities towns sufficiently treated nonpolluting finally help ensure local governments enforce laws prevent industrial plants dumping untreated wastes waterways fresh clean safe water industries cities continue pollute fight discussed air water pollution affect directly plants animals victims pollution species fish swallow mercury found industrial chemical wastes mercury certainly fish eat fish mercury fatal gas pollutants particulates poison atmosphere find soil substances absorbed plants soil directly air plants suffer eat plants poisons pump earth air water find bodies plague
pace change rapid newly emerged countries lands dominated conflicting tribal cultures merging single nations countries barely existed primitive forms agriculture turning mechanized farming nations lived agricultural exports developing industrial manufacturing capabilities adaptable living limits increase mental health problems linked number taking place rapid rate occurring capacity change greater capacity adapt change change rapid profound emerging developing nations imagine experience family coming closely knit rural large city common situation societies changing agricultural industrial status cities cultures habits thrown forced live close family longer sufficient members forced live understand tribal community laws customs abandoned laws customs modern urban society place understood price violating beliefs maintained generations
limit power compound microscope enlarge object times type microscope invented light beams electrons passed object picture film electron microscope give image times larger object development illustrates important principle science instrument invented speed discoveries laboratory electron microscope things dreamed leeuwenhoek sure future continue reveal secrets nature follow leeuwenhoek footsteps examining favorite materials ordinary water lake stream microscope full look carefully find scientists believe simplest animal ameba tiny mass jelly micrometers jelly surrounded thin cell membrane elastic times part membrane pushes forming false foot pseudopod rest ameba flows animal moves slowly watery ameba simple structure carry functions seen move
kinds spiny skinned animals live ocean starfishes familiar sea urchins sea cucumbers sea lilies members group invertebrates rough spiny coat body shape star wheel spokes examine underside starfish find soft hollow tube feet tip sucker starfish crawls bottom sea find oyster clam favorite food starfish open tightly closed shell wraps arms clam attaches suckers tube feet shell slow struggle begins powerful muscles clam starfish steady pull exhausts clam muscles shell opens surprising thing happens stomach starfish turned inside drops mouth center body soft body clam soon food material digested empty shell clam remains feeding habits starfish enemy oyster fishermen past starfish brought boat torn pieces thrown water
early vertebrates fishes live water breathe gills swim water easily movements tail fins fishes outer covering scales shingles roof sharks primitive fishes skeletons gristle cartilage bone sharks harmless kinds dozen attack human beings white shark tiger shark blamed millions swimmers attacked wide idea careful swimming sharks present bony fishes oceans fresh waters important food sources europe sea herring chief foods numerous fishes billion caught united states cod mainstay fishing industry england states billion pounds sold liver cod fishes medicine oil obtained liver rich vitamins fishes valuable effort spent increase numbers ago large dried ball mud shipped africa zoo united states scientists zoo carefully mud ball tank full water
happens heart stops beating vital organ working hours lives stops death result minutes restore beating heart cases injecting substance called adrenin massaging heart regular pressure chest heart stops beating minutes bring patient examine beating heart animal frog pumps blood human heart pump invented pump average person lifetime heart beats billion times minute heart pumps liters blood amount heart enormous remarkable organ powerful hollow muscle located chest lungs idea size heart looking closed fist spite small size heart absolutely remember organ body millions cells cells alive order remain alive cell constant supply food oxygen materials carried blood
dr charles drew black physician scientists developed methods blood banks studied ways keeping blood clotting discovered ways plasma prevent shock war ii invited london set british blood bank worked columbia university director red cross blood bank york city plasma separated substances looks foam rubber clots blood quickly wound antibodies blood part pint plasma treatment shock substances plasma treat hemophilia condition blood clots slowly victim bleed death slight cut type bleeding uncommon males hemophilia mothers families pass sons opposite difficulty cases blood clots inside blood vessel blood reach tissue cells area cells die lack oxygen condition treated drugs blood clot slowly blocked blood vessel replaced grafted surgery
scientists able find deal effects ductless glands hormone place body functions information experiments animals animal observed gland removed gland ground juice injected animals experiments tell functions controlled hormone diseases glands give information functions humans gland enlarged produce hormone diseased hormone enters blood case definite body tell hormone gland pituitary gland lies skull base brain bigger pea produces important hormones growth hormone controls growth bones especially arm leg bones records giants grew feet tall growth hormone result dwarf additional hormones pituitary control ductless glands involved sex functions body spite small size pituitary gland highly important organ
exactly happens reason involve making complicated connections billions nerve cells brain able ability reason improved training important try develop ability reason greatest degree mysterious functions nervous system memory unknown able store memories experiences brain related kind change nerve cells nature change unknown scientists believe easier connections set nerve cells think special proteins produced stored cells act memories stored computer sudden shock injury brain loss memory memories seen fade goes experiments things learn forgotten power reason learn depends partly memory improve ability remember experiments tried find developing memory strong mental connection things forget learned begin
teen rapid change body mind common teacher unable recognize student summer vacation teen quickly outgrow clothing boys girls age eat amazing quantities food voices boys deeper boys girls interested dating due increased activity ductless glands behavior unusual person adult teen agers interested appearance reason especially upset skin blemishes common period pimples blackheads suddenly due action oil glands skin extra hormones produced teen oil glands pores skin plugged hardened oil tip plug black call blackhead bacteria start growing blackhead pus forms pimple develops severe case pimples blackheads called acne percent percent teen agers acne infection mild squeezing blackheads pimples leave permanent scars wash skin severe cases medical help
cure drug abuse user stop drug physical dependence user show strong signs withdrawal case cocaine barbiturate addiction treatment hospital leaving hospital user returns drugs mental dependence strong approach heroin addicts substance called methadone narcotic controls need heroin injected swallowed pills orange juice methadone heroin addict drug withdrawal signs cloud mind heroin effect lasts longer percent treated school lead nearly normal methadone pill costs cents compared high cost heroin addict methadone certainly cure treated addicts taking drugs steal methadone tablets sell addicts methadone death overdose fact deaths methadone heroin supporters methadone say spite failures keeps users heroin difficult problem cure mental dependence drugs methods cure developed alcoholics anonymous
spring numbers silvery salmon swim shallow bays pacific coast ocean produce generation places salmon enter columbia river swift flowing rivers north alaska obstacles lie path waterfalls rapids dams difficult swim rivers fishes slowly fight past rushing rapids amazing leaps waterfalls continue steep dams built engineers salmon travel fish ladders built alongside dam shallow steps lead dam enable fishes reach top series easy jumps salmon travel hundreds miles reach goal finally swim upper quiet branches river longer splendid silvery beauties swam ocean hurt fierce struggle reach upper river thin weak eaten left ocean groups fishes swim smaller streams empty river rest swimming reach streams scientists metal tags baby salmon return ocean stream born
signs spring familiar swelling buds branches plants days grow longer sunshine brighter buds burst open tiny leaves spread green surfaces sunlight brilliant flowers open unfold petals welcoming visits buzzing bees trees covered masses colorful flowers blossoms apple orange magnolia trees famous beauty travel hundreds miles cherry trees bloom washington goes flowers wither petals begin fall ground regret passing beautiful blossoms sign greater marvels flower process reproduction taking place plant providing seeds carry generation process reproduction flowering plant similar ways reproduction animals studied kinds flowers built general plan flower bud protected outer covering leaflike parts seen base open flowers green sepals petals parts familiar brightly colored color pleasant odor flowers attract insects
ago miami florida quiet night shattered loud crash high powered foreign automobile collided car corner early excitement simmered paid attention minor accident windshield broken drivers cut flying glass injuries word reached offices local newspapers reporters rushed hospital interview injured count covadonga spain son king spain reporters late count injuries doctors hospital unable stop bleeding died loss blood count victim curious disease hemophilia disease passed parents royal families europe hemophilia inherited disease infectious passed parents reproductive cells count victim bad heredity concerned problem heredity suffer inherited diseases inherited features ancestors inherited features called traits inherited eye color blood type shape nose skin color traits resemble father ways mother ways
living things arctic plants animals found tropical regions ages animal plant group process evolution population develops live type environment area differences water supply temperature sunlight features environment animals plants living adapt conditions tundra lies arctic ocean forests south frozen parts siberia temperature falls celsius fahrenheit centimeters surface ground frozen round plants growing lichens mosses grasses dwarf trees reindeer caribou feed plants arctic foxes hares ground squirrels short summer birds numbers insects mosquitoes problem spite cold live tundra tending herds reindeer caribou animals constantly move place place search plant foods oil discovered frozen tundra alaska pipeline needed carry oil oil hot leaves pipeline built melt frozen soil beneath surface
hard believe billion passenger pigeons united states disappeared return human memory kinds birds mammals wiped completely extinct pilgrims landed england found large flocks game birds called heath hens size chickens eat easily killed hunters heath hens hard find fewer birds left lived island coast massachusetts efforts preserve remaining birds multiplied island forest fires destructive influences killed heath hen died island american bison called buffalo roamed plains enormous herds trains stopped hours herd crossed tracks professional hunters including famous buffalo bill killed numbers animals skins meat tongues rest animal left decay left strong efforts protect today bison kind living refuges west canada birds closer extinction
wastes factories strong handled sewage treatment plant mercury acids harmful substances wastes treated factory harmless enter sewage system factory wastes escape rivers treatment damage accidents happened mississippi river orleans ruhr river germany poisonous wastes entered rivers factories making insect sprays cases millions fish killed chemicals produced industry effects environment unknown chemicals water systems problem involves getting rid sludge left sewage treatment york city cities jersey place sludge barges towed kilometers miles sea dumped water created dead sea jersey coast bacteria sludge oxygen sea bottom living things exist planned sludge farther sea future handling sludge secondary treatment safe fertilizer towns pump fields grow crop plants city milwaukee sells dried sludge fertilizer
teen knows importance acceptance peer group wants girl sitting corner watching fun wants boy invited join neighborhood group question asked important visit corner drugstore crowd gathers school wants part group company find strength face uncertainties feel asks dependent friends feel accepted similar answers question belong hand teen agers accepted rejected makes friends acquaintances enjoy company shun intangible exactly describe makes dislike thing recognize call personality hear say interesting personality say unfortunate disagreeable personality characteristics person determine personality dictionary states personality quality distinctive person sum total individual qualities person possesses
brothers sisters likely charge children babysitter takes care neighbor child mother goes possibly nephews nieces visit home younger brother sister event want things say look picture opposite page children excited things find mud puddle reflections distorted water ripples stick breaks surface puddle brown mud oozing stir children ready pounce mud puddle smeared faces spattered clothes muddy shoes visualize need understand makes tykes tick probable teenager complete care children help small wish understand young child interested characteristics actions age levels aware physical mental emotional social development child
folk learn early imitate elders imitate things house housework talking telephone playing piano reading newspaper learn imitate behavior gay happy considerate tend irritable quarrelsome temper fits likely imitate kind behavior remember characteristics caught taught misunderstand child behavior consider child bad disobeys child disobeys learning growing learns experimentation child realize errors experiment small child quarreling normal part early growth teens learned settle difficulty quarreling child knows control environment quarreling skill communicate call help wants try understand problem quarreling range meaning efforts control environment child learn share settle disagreements discussion compromise learns control temper stand rights
look open doors remember school students classes formed opinion newcomers looked thing true naturally judge looks opinion boy girl appears school unkempt unclean looking hair spotted clothing buttons missing dirty hands fingernails envy person desire friendship personal appearance impression clue type person impression favorable thought important step accepted popular impression unfavorable thinking meaning appearance clue needs appearance important extra feeling respect sure hair told slip showing hands feel ease conscious look gain confidence attractive appearance feeling joy satisfaction makes person attractive think pretty mary
food drug administration fda federal agency assures safe cosmetics consumer responsibility cosmetics sensibly read labels carefully follow directions exactly find allergic cosmetic apply small amount inside forearm leave hours look redness blisters itching burning arm shows signs don cosmetic allergic regular cosmetics want consider hypoallergenic product especially careful misuse cosmetics spitting container moisten cosmetic dangerous bacteria grow need add moisture drops water boiled water preferably let cosmetics find sharing bacteria stores carry wide selection cosmetics type skin including special products dry oily skins problem skin need medicated makeup choose makeup foundation powder match skin tone blusher match natural blush soft shades lip color eye shadow accent camouflage natural beauty special cosmetics black skins black skin yellow undertones choose deep beige foundation delicate pastel blusher matching lip color clear lip gloss ruddy tones choose beige foundation coordinating neutral blusher lip color clear lip gloss
mean dressed necessarily mean dress expensively elaborately need clothes dressed small budget choose clothes needs select clothing assure money things want learn order clothes sense step dressed dressed girl tries bring attractive necessarily fashion says pink color season buying pink dress suit smart girl asks pink answer select color matter latest fashion feel comfortable attractively dressed help learn look study weak points camera ask full length pictures bathing suit simple sheath dress front view side view rear view honest tall short slim plump figure average proportions depart average stand erect slouched
sew won draw lines edges guide learn ways guide stitching machine markings throat plate serve guides stitching lines marked eighths inch want sew half inch edge material place edge line marked stitching half inch edge machine markings place strip gummed tape throat plate desired width needle presser foot guide note presser foot toes narrow wider narrow toe wide place edge edge material stitching edge inside edge toe edge material stitching edge material wider toe wide place edge edge material stiching edge special technique acquire end line stitching rip easily precaution ways fastening machine stitching rip
let skirt hang twenty hours hem marked bias chance stretch decide inches floor want hemline length skirt determined current fashion length looks tall wear skirts short look taller legs look longer look grew skirt short wear skirts short look shorter skirt skirts add height figure partner mark hems marking hem stand normal position hands side feet close skirt marker measure mark distance floor skirt pull skirt pull marker marker pins accurate place marker flat floor grasp skirt marker insert pin slot marker continue skirt placing pins inches turn hem marked line check straightness press crease folded edge width finished hem varies inches depending weight fabric amount flare skirt
learned basic techniques clothing construction gain practice techniques making dress jumper garments merely combination blouse called bodice part dress skirt sleeveless cap sleeve dress easy give chance improve ability practice attempting complicated construction details jumper versatile garment combined tailored blouse school worn blouse dress add scarf flowers jewelry suitable dressier occasions whichever choice dress jumper avoid complicated construction rows tucks yokes elaborate trimmings effects simple construction difficult pattern mean dress success construction techniques learned making blouse skirt include processes dress design simple learn join bodice skirt waistline apply dress zipper depending style dress jumper include soft pleats gathers piece neck armhole facings fabric belt learn difficult skills garment
modern transportation methods food processing preservation enjoy food pineapple juice breakfast grown processed hawaii orange juice quick frozen grove florida california salmon salad lunch comes alaskan canneries cheese souffle comes wisconsin holland foods considered seasonal round period wealthy buy fresh citrus fruits canned frozen juices fresh fruits bought reasonable price produce green peppers lettuce celery strawberries tomatoes found season today difficult determine foods belong season transportation storage methods ago average homemaker spent hours preparing serving meals convenience foods modern equipment cut considerably hours today homemaker food vocabulary fresh canned frozen foods concentrated greater strength diluted dehydrated dry water removed frozen dehydrated frozen food stored shelf irradiated treated ultraviolet rays reinforced reconstituted future hold american food industries constantly experimenting foods methods manufacturing processing
hostess feel proud family guests remark table lovely centerpiece beautiful dishes glassware sparkle food smell wonderful prompts ohing ahing dining area dining room pictured bottom page inviting cost soft colors blend table orderly set sparkling clean dinnerware table decorations add beauty fresh flowers homey touch room furnishings table appointments clean simple taste arranged convenience necessarily expensive furnishings elaborate accessories create pleasant attractive atmosphere planned dining table food prepared attractively served manners part family members combination qualities pleasant enjoyable meal family friends mealtime bring families member busy interests activities difficult find form family group plan start eating breakfast close working find family member gathered table sharing events interest matter important try let interfere home eat family
decide guest list invite party main ingredient successful party enjoy planning entertain club naturally invite members planning party friends decide wish invite case uncertain asking person remember kind generous invitations common try parties small space crowded famous hostess small friendly parties big crowded affairs plan party idea en want en stunts decorations refreshments loves dress masquerades order jack lanterns witches ghosts black cats pumpkins corn stalks traditional decorations eating apples hanging string similar stunts furnish entertainment plan kind party suit crowd inviting friends interested football games television radio party important games played bowl games game series planning entertainment type party refreshments simple
prehistoric present seeds grasses cereal plants extensively diet term cereal ancient romans believed goddess ceres protected grains responsible growth spring romans celebrated festival cerealia grain flourish harvest bountiful word cereal derived ancient festival main cereal grains wheat oats rice barley corn grain seeds differ size shape structure similar nutrients varying amounts examining structure cereal grain find kernel distinct parts page bran covering consists thin layers outermost layers cellulose form carbohydrate adds bulk diet minerals protein small amount vitamin endosperm largest part kernel encased bran carbohydrates form starch protein main nutrients found part kernel germ embedded endosperm richest source thiamine vitamin protein fat minerals carbohydrates cereal grains undergo alterations harvested packaged ready market milling process bran layer removed reduce amount indigestible carbohydrate
morning fuss appearance breakfast table naturally want fancy place cards arrange special centerpieces morning breakfast ways making everyday breakfast table pleasing china table covers silver simple inexpensive attractive important set table correctly dishes places silver straight takes instant longer lay cover properly choose favorite breakfast cereal flavor pictures jingles printed box box top bring gift manufacturer radio program advertising cereal delicious breakfast cereals cooked ready eat market taste points remember cost required preparation cost box favorite cereal servings cost serving class interesting practical lesson arithmetic measuring number servings contained packages kinds cereal estimating cost include cooked cereal directions cooking kind cereal found package
muffins biscuit techniques skills homemaker master ingredients processes putting easy remember difference techniques makes easy case dry ingredients sifted biscuits cold shortening cut dry mixture liquid added muffins melted shortening liquid poured dry mixture biscuit mixture forms soft dough muffin mixture forms stiff batter remember egg sugar muffins biscuits tell reading unnamed recipe biscuits muffins let read part muffin biscuit recipe book class identify correctly recipes plain muffins plain biscuits considered basic variations pages varied proportion ingredients method baking recipes cobblers shortcakes hot cakes project preparing light lunch stewed fruit muffins cooking techniques prepare dried fruit mix batter muffins course need experience techniques feel mastered find opportunities home muffins prepare prunes dried apricots breakfast dessert
kukui mynah bird pineapple golden cat lived house high hill island maui woman owned mynah bird golden cat trust kukui lived cage safe pineapple claws help food cat dish floor kukui bird tricks real mimic pineapple safe bird sharp beak free noise talk yeh heh yeh heh yeh heh shouted pineapple catnap mistress kukui voice mimic voice mistress gave pineapple mixed feeling pussy nice pussy food pineapple kukui call mistress sweet voice calling sure voice pineapple running food dish found pineapple close kukui cage bird trick cat help help mimic mistress voice yelled mistress sure running afternoon soon sun dipped sea kukui knew pineapple supper called softly pussy nice pussy food pineapple
farmer lived room small hut wife mother small children worked hard farm home night noises house drove crazy wife talked mother law talked small children talked talked poor farmer put hands ears cried quiet talking desperation asked advice wise asked noise driving crazy follow advice wise asked yes farmer wise home bring cow house cow house cried farmer help don want advice wise farmer home brought cow house cow house wife cow house mother law cow house children moooooooo cow bewildered noise poor held head quiet quiet cried wise wise
flossie flamingo flew florida spend winter knew things changed marsh lived huge round pointed thing jutted air flossie friend olive owl knew things changed big tall thing rocket olive looks big silo flossie stayed farm silo sure silo yes sure olive owl flew listened talking building rocket going rocket silo flossie decided yes sure home flossie flamingo flew past rocket silo saw noticed early morning notice smoke base rocket silo smoke fire cried sure red flames shot roar rocket silo burning yelled flossie flamingo early heard flossie believe eyes slowly faster faster rocket silo lifted air trailing smoke fire roared sight leaving flossie ears ringing terrible rocket silo torn hole sky cried flossie
roady roadrunner lived high desert house prickly bush side road yoshi lived high desert morning school yoshi passed roady house ran bush greet roady strong legs running strong tail tail stayed straight ran stopped running tail stand straight brake helped roady quick stop morning roady ran meet yoshi sang strange song sounded cuckoo roady belonged cuckoo family sang song cocked head yoshi stood looked run fast run school late roady ran ahead yoshi quick stop fork road braked run strong tail stood waiting yoshi fork road straight line school shorter yoshi shorter road big black dog lived barked strong pushed afraid
mrs emory lived house kitchen door looked tall trees summer kitchen door stood wide open charles workman lived big story house nearby workman family neighborhood charles mrs emory friends liked sit steps door watch cookies mrs emory cookies kitchen neighborhood knew cookies mystery charles kind cookies monday mrs emory gingersnaps monday spicy tuesday baked brownies air kitchen pretty sweet tuesday peanut butter cookies charles workman liked thursday cookies thursday leftover mrs emory cooky week mrs emory special crunchy oatmeal cookies saturday morning mrs emory clock bus mystery took heavy suitcase home evening clock bus suitcase heavier charles liked carry suitcase bus carry home night mrs emory strong carry suitcase today heavy knew strong bus watched mrs emory hop aboard
bill woodhouse errand boy miss ada miss ada ladies dress shop busy corner city block bill ran errands bonny lester father lived end block shoe repair shop busy block crowded buildings didn lived block miss ada lesters bill knew depended school bill funny kind errand lester help bonny cross street miss ada corner school bonny likes dilly dress shop window father told bill bill tried hurry bonny don dilly stopped window ladies dresses big buy dresses money wait bill knew money bonny swept floor shoe repair shop pennies dimes father gave glass jar bill knew ten jars pennies dimes buy miss ada dresses ladies dresses fit girl bonny dilly bonny spend window miss ada asked bill
summer jeff family colorado cabin high rocky mountains big woods hummingbirds live trees tiny fly fast jeff father look set feeder hummingbirds father set cabin tiny hummers surely summer jeff watched hummingbirds sip sweet red liquid feeder beautiful male broad tail feeder sipped sweet red liquid flash whirring wings tiny green helicopter moved air plain buffy breasted hummer coming taste red food flashy male whirred chased buffy breasted hummer woods noisy whirr perched limb tree bossy male broad tail chased birds finally hummingbird led male trees hummingbirds fed bossy male chased woods jeff wondered wish find nests jeff seen pictures hummingbirds nests books want real nest knew small
bert wanted bicycle trouble knew give faithful scooter wish bike true bert hated say things liked saturday morning bert helping mother clean garage need room bert mother let move big cardboard carton carton heavy bert help finally pushed wall garage thank mother getting bigger stronger bert nodded big bicycle days going older knew wanted birthday coming soon bert playthings piled side garage wall mother looking throw things asked bert looked balls piled big basket ten looked box filled trucks cars trains sighed pretty liked looked scooter leaning wall bert patted faithful scooter
finally saturday bert sat breakfast table found big birthday card propped box corn flakes bert father cartoonist drawn funny picture cat cat saying happy bertday follow meeow fastened cat paws especially string red yarn bert stop eat corn flakes jumped table started follow string find birthday gift saying word began track yarn tracked red yarn tables chairs room yarn took bert kitchen door steps house string red yarn led bert open garage led wall stopped big cardboard carton carton bright shining beautiful secondhand bike leaning wall bike bert faithful scooter bert untied string bike stood looked shiny red frame put hands steering board scooter jumped aboard garage bert zoomed scooter jet stream mike jones waiting usual watch bert zoom cut fancy circle driveway
house apple tree branches hanging big red apples tree pony sides fat brown coat shone sunlight beautiful nancy ann sam mrs peacham ride asked nancy ann yes mrs peacham climb sam michael helped nancy ann pony pony trotted apple tree ran neat circles stopped michael took turn ponies city mrs peacham run pony ride park boys girls rheumatism worse couldn help boys girls sold ponies sam favorite country live bring sorry rheumatism nancy ann fair country mrs peacham fair sam think misses boys girls needs exercise friends free rides wonderful nancy ann ask teacher likes idea mrs peacham let says
mom poured coffee piping hot left breakfast table mom poured coffee drank milk ate breakfast mom coffee stayed cup fixing lunches dad hurry dad teacher teaches science talk things won answer questions science says guess try mom fixing lunches dad grabbed rushed teach science class mom tasted coffee funny face cold threw poured hot coffee cup picked lunch walked school think mom coffee cold didn guess try find hot coffee cup cooled eat lunches doors school hot pedro juarez sits likes milk buy cartons milk lunch school milk cold drink pedro pours milk saucer brings lunch pail milk sits saucer pedro eats let milk warm says
evening desert full moon rising dippy coming desert sand daytime hot kangaroo rat dippy covers openings house dirt sleeps room night daytime dippy woke stretched hopped hind legs open door burrow easy kicked piles dirt let moonlight burrow sat doorway hind legs cleaned cat cleaned ears smoothed white front hairs tan fur skip short front legs finished tuft fur tail fluffy clean breakfast feet tiny tracks nearby bushes dippy hopped sat hind legs front fat seeds balanced tail front paws brushed seeds stems open mouth twig cracked close dippy jumped ten feet changed direction midair zigzag leaps reached nearest hole burrow inside stopped balanced trembled black eyes wide open peeked snake going burrow neighbor rat dippy safe
don think charlie wants tramp mother yes charlie tramps don learn chop trees roll logs build dams tramps don practice swimming diving holding breath water looks teeth sharp looks fur oiled tramps carry sticks bundles tied sleep field weather nice rains sleep barn tramps tramp want eat jobs wants jobs lots jobs father help cut saplings winter food help dig extra tunnels lodge course dam needs repairs jobs charlie hard young grandfather children hard days want jobs father charlie wants tramp think tramp think stand weather nice warm charlie start sleeping fields mother charlie tied fig newtons handkerchief
charlie tramped listened birds singing smelled flowers grew side road stopped pick blackberries walked top rails fences lunch dinner charlie home jobs lunch dinner stacked winter saplings basement lunch dinner helped father fix broken plank boat landing dinner charlie field clover daisies grew charlie ate fig newtons listened sound heard night charlie heard frogs crickets singing quiet night heard heard trickling tickling kind song words trickling tickling song charlie want hear trees sound coming saw stream sang ran moonlight sat listened song sound trickling tickling charlie sit took clothes dived stream swam inside song water singing charlie climbed cut tree growing bank tree fell rolled water
don remember seeing pond grandfather father pretty pond grandfather wonder don father think maybe harry beaver grandfather harry makes sloppy dam sloppy zeb beaver father zeb makes looking dam grandfather zeb makes round pond zeb likes shaped pond re father mother father pond looks ponds grandfather funny father didn wonder charlie waking coming hollow tree pond pond father pond charlie thought tramp grandfather tramps don ponds charlie tramp ponds tramp pond going beaver days father days grandfather tramp turn beaver took quarter vest pocket gave charlie thank charlie
hundreds historians interested learning ancient egypt evidence ancient egypt writing written egyptian picture writing system called hieroglyphics word hieroglyphics means sacred carvings greek hieroglyphics found temples buildings ancient egypt historians archeologists studied carvings believed learned ancient egypt hieroglyphics read historians archeologists guess symbols mean actually read hieroglyphics spent trying black stone tablet kinds writing carved discovered rosetta town egypt parts rosetta stone thing top part written egyptian hieroglyphics middle part kind egyptian writing read bottom part written ancient greek modern scholars read ancient greek french archeologist named jean francois champollion worked studying rosetta stone compared greek writing egyptian writings figure meanings egyptian symbols believed hieroglyphic symbols translated pictures words later realized ancient egyptians symbol ways stand single sound syllable word
compared animals human beings strong thin skin fur fingernails claws plain teeth sharp fangs early ages hundreds thousands ago animals suited earth saber toothed tiger powerful jaws huge towering mammoth covered thick hair armed sharp tusks saber toothed tiger mammoth kinds animals disappeared human goes ideas early ages idea wonderful human brain helped think ways weaknesses dr louis leakey anthropologist guess thought animals left didn human beings smell things human favor able stand legs scientists think fact humans eyes front heads stand turn heads danger believed took thousands standing position normal standing hands maybe stood place hands
cities began growing villages city village ways size differences tell deal civilization word civilization comes latin word civis means city dweller neolithic farming villages needed things grew food raised animals farming tasks handed parents sons daughters farmers special skills fill simple needs pot cloth carved fishhook things regular village traded villages fought villages ways village separate hundred largest villages knew closely bound rules family ties thought outsider city held sister son friend neighbor full craftsmen weavers potters blacksmiths fed need farmers live edges city farmers need water protect city armies formed soldiers paid taxes collected
chou dynasty pride unbroken line history led worship ancestors person died soul person split parts hun po hun heaven po stay earth duty family feed po look slowly faded po cared remained restless disturb living family sacred chinese living respected dead ancestors younger members family taught respect buddha born india fu rich son born china born times trouble parts china war fu decided spend studying teaching wanted help find lead peaceful happy lives fu believed ideas behavior taught superior husbands superior wives parents superior children older brothers superior younger brothers fu taught peace comes person knows place acts respect show kindness
hittites farmers herders lived land known asia minor conquered peoples living began build cities tied empire city hattusas capital hittites warriors things side chariots fastest iron weapons highlands empire rich metals copper bronze hittites began smelt iron iron considered precious metal times valuable gold times valuable silver archeologists found letter written egyptian ruler hittite king begging send iron king wrote sorry short iron moment rise hittite empire egypt power spreading north empires soon war met battle place called kadesh hittite king led egyptian pharaoh army battle bloody pharaoh killed settled battle answer found hittite princess married pharaoh modern knew hittites bible says
mycenae surrounded high stone walls entrance city lion gate inside rich busy city potters fine pots wine feasts cooks riches land fruit orchards wild pigs deer forests olives picked golden oil weavers fine cloth cloth dirty dry cleaners look stonemasons carpenters built huge palaces tombs metalworkers busy working chariots binding wheels silver bronze goldsmiths busy gold rings gold cups bodies royal children wrapped thin sheets gold buried mycenaeans rich pirates lion gate sailed aegean sea robbing cities city troy held ten war legend says trojan war fought beautiful kidnapped queen won wooden horse mycenaeans wrote tablets unbaked clay unbaked clay break bits easily tablets found recently ruins palace island crete palace burned fire burned palace baked tablets hard pottery lasted today english scholar found key writing tablets
later clovis gave gifts churches died called meeting bishops bishop high official christian church meeting church king promised support clovis protect church attack tribes winning approval church clovis received support christians gaul power christianity grew europe kings nobles gave church money built church buildings church lands taxed christian church rich powerful richer powerful kingdom early leaders church universal catholic argued ideas church true christian heretic meetings heretics broken books burned property put death early christians persecuted romans persecuted treated badly especially reasons religion belief christians persecuted heretics christians skillful leaders beginning leaders followers jesus st peter peter comes word means rock greek jesus peter rock peter rock build church
terror trade stopped towns emptied land farm farmer field afraid crops afraid children waiting dread flames neighbor hut turn help nearby hill stood castle lived noble count duke noble small army soldiers soldiers trained fighters fight farmer noble asked help give noble return protection needed badly money goods strong contract noble protect farmer farmer noble soldiers nobles agreements noble seeking protection powerful noble called lord lord called lord vassal king vassal king lord gave vassal piece land sign contract betweet contract clear vassal failed duties lord contract broken lord land
shadow castle farmers workers lived lives free paid rent lord land serfs bound lord slaves lived huts village estate worked grain mill bake oven wine press wove cloth tanned leather grew crops cooking pot hung fire village hut cabbage turnips rabbit trapped forest estate caught carrying rabbit home forest belonged lord crops grow serfs starved ninth tenth centuries europe widespread famine separate times agriculture improving fact took place middle ages important thought agricultural revolution animal drawn plow invented thousands plows farmers scratch surface soil wheeled iron tipped plow developed cut deep thick damp soil northern parts western europe lands farmed
book courtier prince bible stand nuremberg english book gardening part shaping renaissance books read homes read books learning knowledge found books longer property monks scholars tell wonderful things person able think knowledge centuries copy book monk scribe line word letter copied hand months short book printing carved wooden blocks pages didn clear block carved page blocks bibles full pictures couldn read printing playing cards german named johann gutenberg letters lead historians sure gutenberg set letters pieces type lines
amsterdam cartographer map maker walks stiffly busy shop keeps hands pressed flat stomach fur cloak presses pots paint frowns workmen busy cartographer started making maps silver gold printing plates copper harder expensive lines design stay clear hundreds printings cartographer maps copper plates lines scratched surface copper thick black ink rubbed wiped carefully speck remain ink lines damp sheet parchment sheepskin pressed plate peeled carefully ink parchment dried painters set paint rich smooth metal pan held candle black scraped bottom mixed egg white smooth black paint paint artist puts gold leaf thin layer real gold special places map dips fine brush garlic juice fills wants put gold leaf brush rabbit foot lays gold leaf map
spanish conquerors brave highly skilled sailors leaders brought suffering lands conquered peoples explorers found religious practices horrified spaniards aztec believed human sacrifices sun shining inca killed human religious reasons tribes islands south america cannibals spanish christians sail strange land killing eating say spanish catholics believed baptized christian spend eternity hell killed slave christian conquerors persuade person baptized christian put person sword cultures wiped mexico peru conquest needed gold silver mines dive pearls slavery bartolome de las conquerors worked slaves began feel wrong priest rest lived fought cruelty spaniards
sense united states empire business original boundaries nation stretched large part north american continent living land killed moved land poor land thousands native americans forced leave homes southeast herded soldiers mile trip oklahoma trail tears horses ride walk fourth cherokee died sickness starvation creek fought move trip chains spain united states war revolutionaries philippines colony spain thought chance free spanish rule americans help gain freedom filipinos young general named emilio aguinaldo won victory victory fought courage fighting freedom spanish beaten help americans aguinaldo proclaimed independence seized american troops suddenly american flag flying capital city manila spain united states signed peace treaty paris filipino allowed present america paid spain million dollars philippines
societies history rule strong rulers power fact history rule law common rule powerful leaders original societies ruled chiefs kings europeans conquered ruled monarchs peoples sort democracy societies strong leaders extra power times trouble peoples feel facing times trouble strange strong risen positions leadership rule law bring equality liberty justice rule law cold run machine government rule strong warmth family relationship hear makes stirring speeches proud tours nation big car tours jet plane strong strength help strength glory leader want want kill enemies threat power kill enemies
cuba received independence spain result spanish american war sort colony united states american capitalists owned large cattle ranches copper mines big hotels vast sugar plantations fidel castro born son wealthy owner sugar plantation father laborer spain found cuba treated workers plantation owners rich fidel grew hate system fidel boy told father wanted school father schooling saw reason son fidel burn house send school school graduated school yearbook law career doubt fill brilliant pages book fidel studied law university havana began practice law money spent helping poor legal problems began part uprisings dictators parts latin america set revolutionary path
knowledge science grown rapidly growth due wide special method studying method involves experimentation order meaningful experiments early scientists develop measuring devices standards measurement finally led development metric system measurement metric system scientists improved measuring devices standards developed able find physics received impetus sixteenth seventeenth centuries scientists began realize physical events follow understandable laws scientists understand galileo galilei university challenged called knowledge based observation experimentation questioned belief earth center universe doubted aristotle views physics especially idea objects large mass fall faster objects small mass galileo dismissed university complete studies change ideas knew answer critics showing proof denied developed systematic method observation analysis carefully measured small spheres roll smooth ramps record observations
scientists constantly measuring quantities comparing data obtain relationships found confirmed experimentation findings accepted scientific theories knowledge universe ability cope surroundings increase theories measuring recall measurement subject error length ruler change temperature electric measuring device affected magnetic fields instruments subject external influence errors measurement expected addition error due external accuracy measurement depends person taking reading car passenger reading gas gauge driver reading gauge passenger seat gauge read empty driver seat gauge read quarter full driver reading correct measuring devices read looking straight read straight error due parallax parallax apparent shift position object viewed angles object move viewed angles reference points object differ object looks moved sitting driver line gauge needle empty mark move driver seat line needle quarter full mark
universe motion earth filled moving things earth spins axis earth planets solar system orbit sun solar system moves space part milky galaxy stars galaxies move impossible find simple describe understand motions objects physicists simple equations apply motions basic physicist studies amazing thing physics laws nature tend simple complex understanding physics begins understanding motion body types motion type motion body moving constant velocity changing velocity change velocity called acceleration chapter study types motion applying knowledge understand motion chapter deals motion straight line motion curved path discussed chapter motion curved path simply straight line motion directions follow path baseball leaves player bat ball follows curved path motion easily understood ball moves forward straight line rises falls straight line
law conservation momentum tells force needed change total momentum system internal force change momentum system consider skaters figure skater mass kg mass kg standing smooth ice kg skater pushes kg skater moves backward kg skater moves forward larger skater applied internal force system total momentum system internal force applied internal force applied forward momentum smaller skater kg sec equal backward momentum larger skater kg sec forward positive direction backward negative direction sum momenta skaters figure note momentum skater changed total momentum system change force skaters internal force skater system consider system skaters force external force force internal external depends define system bodies interacting interacting bodies
swinging pendulum vibrating guitar string examples vibrational motion type motion bodies swing path type motion related circular motion frequency vibrating body number vibrations unit standard unit frequency hertz hertz equal cycle pendulum single vibration begins highest point swing side continues highest point swing side returns position pendulum completes cycles frequency cycles sec hz period vibrating body required vibration period reciprocal frequency pendulum period sec sec amplitude vibration distance vibrating body rest position point greatest displacement simple harmonic motion shm special kind vibrational motion shm acceleration body directly proportional displacement rest position shm differs vibrational motions mass hanging spring figure pulled force tries restore mass rest position force increases direct proportion distance mass pulled rest position
force gravitation act direct connection bodies sun earth millions kilometers gravitational force sun keeps earth orbital path order describe predict behavior forces acting distance field concept developed essentially field concept considers mass distorts space setting gravitational field field interact mass field gravitational field plotted placing small test mass field observing behavior earth field plotted force acting test mass greater test mass closer earth according inverse square law expected tycho brahe observed recorded positions planets johannes kepler analyzed brahe data stated laws planetary motion law states cube planet radius proportional square period gravitational force thought unique property earth newton wondered bodies exert gravitational forces reasoned universal gravitational force exists force keeps planets orbit combined kepler law equation centripetal force result showed force acting planet inversely proportional square distance sun
cohesive force molecules leads effect known surface tension liquid molecules attract beneath surface liquid molecule attracted equally directions neighboring molecules result net force acting molecules beneath surface surface molecules attracted side downward upward net downward force acting top molecular layers net force tends increase density surface layer net force surface layers act film water bugs stand surface quiet pools water surface tension surface tension water supports object steel sewing needle density steel times greater water surface tension accounts tendency unconfined liquids form drops force pulling surface molecules liquid surface small shape surface volume sphere notice small drop water tends form sphere smooth surface water droplet tends flatten liquid mercury stronger cohesive force molecules water small amounts mercury form spherical drops smooth surface
figure shows gas filled cylinder kg mass rests piston mass exerts force piston turn exerts pressure gas gas molecules collide underside piston collisions produce upward pressure piston small sample gas large number molecules collisions place gas molecules piston instant fact collisions guarantees statistically number collisions taking place instant constant upward pressure underside piston constant figure kg masses piston piston produces pressure gas figure molecular collisions account gas pressure underside piston case collisions act underside piston equilibrium regained collisions occur piston sinks half previous distance bottom cylinder piston position distance molecule travels collisions reduced half half distance travel molecules strike underside piston collisions result pressure piston
diffraction bending wave obstacles path diffraction observed ripple tank placing small barrier path straight waves waves bend edges barrier meet short distance barrier barrier cast shadow create diffraction pattern placing straight barriers shown figure spaces barriers smaller wavelength approaching waves diffraction waves edges openings opening produce circular waves circular waves openings interfere points marked dashed lines wave crests superimposed points water displaced doubly normal position points reinforcement lie line lines reinforcement areas crest trough superimposed destructive interference occurs water remains undisturbed undisturbed points lie definite lines called nodal lines frequency waves ripple tank varied waves wavelengths barriers wavelength produces diffraction pattern comparing diffraction patterns wavelengths facts learned wavelengths produce similar diffraction patterns lines reinforcement slightly places regardless wavelength wave central line reinforcement falls center pattern
solid lines diagram pass points constructive interference crests meet crests lines called antinodal lines trace paths light bright points antinodal lines fall screen bright bars light dotted lines figure pass points destructive interference lines called nodal lines lines trace paths light waves cancel light effect absent dark spots points nodal lines fall screen note bright spot light appears screen directly opposite midpoint slits sides central bright spot spots light spots correspond lines reinforcement white light source double slit diffraction pattern light dispersed continuous spectrum white light source emits hundreds wavelengths wavelengths approach slits basic rules wave behavior waves pass changing wavelength light produces interference pattern pattern affected patterns wavelength produces bright line center pattern addition wavelengths central bright line produces line white light sides central bright line bright lines color fall exactly places
atoms excited ways thermal excitation electron collision photon collision thermal excitation takes place atoms collide fast moving atom collides atom transfers energy atom added energy raise electron higher energy level atom atoms hot material move fast collisions place energy hot material cool material hot material emits light result thermal excitation cool material heating substance glow give light filament light bulb glowing coal give light electron collides atom electron move higher energy level atom electron returns lower energy level emits radiation light fluorescent lamps neon signs produced electrons flow tubes high speed high voltage terminals tube electrons pass tube collisions occur atoms electrons atoms excited emit light neon fluorescent lamps highly efficient electric energy input produce light hand incandescent lamps produce heat light
materials charged electrostatically materials conduct electrons rubber rod charged charge move rod rubber glass rods electrostatic experiments failure materials conduct electricity makes insulators metals conductors electricity atoms metallic solid packed closely result outermost electrons atoms metals close attractive force positive nuclei surrounding atoms attractive force nuclei outermost electrons leave atoms move metal effect prominent metals gold silver copper electron outermost levels large number free electrons metals referred electron gas electrons easily moved metal metals electrical conductors gold silver conductors expensive copper aluminum suitable conductors commercial metal rod charged rubbing fur wool conductor metal quickly sends excess charge ground person holding rod body conductor order maintain charge metal insulating support electrons repel electrons charged body distributes charge outer surface outer surface electrons farthest
electron proton identified thought major particles atoms thomson sir ernest rutherford tried find particles arranged form atoms met success experiments rutherford performed probe atom based french physicist henri becquerel becquerel working compounds element uranium surprise found uranium compounds distance unexposed photographic plates plates fogged partially exposed fogging suggested kind ray passed plate coverings becquerel found unexposed plates shielded thin sheets lead exposed uranium thick layers lead able absorb radiation thought found sort invisible rays similar rays soon revealed radiation consist rays materials uranium compounds emitted rays materials emit kind radiation called radioactive materials figure illustrates method rutherford study radioactive materials small amount radioactive substance bottom hole drilled lead block radiation escaped box limited small beam left radioactive substance direct line hole
planetary model atom showed electrons circling nucleus atom model severely criticized found charged particle accelerated energy emitted form electromagnetic radiation electron follows circular path undergoes continuous acceleration continuously emit radiation electron lost energy spiral nucleus atom short basis planetary model atoms exist objection planetary model failed account quantum nature electromagnetic radiations photoelectric effect clearly showed photon light carries definite quantity energy spectrum element seen spectroscope words electromagnetic radiation emitted element maxwell shown electromagnetic radiation result accelerations charged particles assuming atoms emit kind radiation electrons accelerated electrons atom undergo definite transitions rutherford provide atomic model electrons orbit nucleus wavelengths radiation seen element set range elements emit continuous spectrum happen model atom needed danish physicist niels bohr extended rutherford model atom presented bold theories
discovery identification neutron major nuclear particle led japanese physicist hideki yukawa theorize force needed hold nucleus yukawa thought force resulted particles middle mass mesons mesons pass neutrons protons yukawa predicted mass meson times mass electron eventually definite types mesons discovered pi mesons pions mesons kaons pi mesons mass times mass electron fit yukawa theory actually pi mesons single positive charge single negative charge neutral meson proton emits meson neutron neutron absorbs meson proton similarly neutron emits meson neutron proton proton absorbs meson proton neutron passing mesons neutrons protons holds nucleus discovery mesons explained nuclear binding forces origin beta particles question beta particle electron emitted nucleus physicists thought nucleus contained individual electrons nuclear electrons explain nucleus held soon found free electrons exist nucleus
territory space takes occupies earth surface territory limited boundaries geographers tell looking size shape boundaries territory maps globes geographers find exact size describe size comparing size states tell shape comparing east west distance north south distance want forms boundaries important ends begins states united states exactly size alaska largest ranks size means states smaller alaska iowa ranks size means states larger iowa states smaller rhode island ranks size states larger find ranks size physical geography facts book states alaska iowa rhode island outlined compare sizes states alaska states geographers scale miles map help find exact size
forests need moisture needed grasslands desert shrubs trees grow large amount precipitation forest areas inches precipitation areas receive lot precipitation trees grow tall trees alike trees evergreens needle leaves stay green trees green part autumn leaves change color fall ground mountains colorado covered thick forests forests pine spruce fir trees evergreen trees dry areas vegetation cactus sagebrush greasewood yucca plants live dry areas need water plants store water thick leaves stems roots deep ground quickly soak water rains look maps colorado page desert shrubs grow areas receive inches precipitation dry areas shown picture page grasses need moisture trees need grasses need moisture desert shrubs need result grasses form natural vegetation areas wet dry grasses grow inches tall
living thousands ago living today play things makes needs order live need food eat shelter protect need clothing protect decorate bodies order meet needs tools grow plants raise animals prepare food tools build shelters clothing group find ways live rules act develop religious beliefs play games tell stories paint pictures dance sing anthropologists study live think pray play study lived ago study live today anthropologists learn ways living indians living lands later conterminous united states indians cooking pots water jugs weapons tools water systems seeds found studying objects anthropologists try discover indians lived search answers questions indians ago eat kind tools
choices money spent public needs needs roads schools public welfare things choose need largest amount money look economics facts find spent roads education spend states choose public expenditure roads choose spend money building roads repairing states road money clear snow ice roads winter months states spend money education decide money divided states decide present future needs education decide money spent colleges universities public grade high schools decide greater need buildings teachers states spend money public welfare help need ill unable handicapped tries help decide help receive states hospitals needs
states united states constitution constitutions documents tells government tells sure government constitutions alike ways bill rights outlines framework government explains government powers change constitution law important constitution political scientists study constitutions find governments organized protect political scientists interested discovering constitutions alike constitution written small group chosen act states constitutions constitution written meet needs decide write constitution longer meets needs constitutions short constitution important law constitutions written need arose written times
constitutions list requirements citizenship states citizens rights duties citizens vote hold office freedom religion freedom speech citizens land citizens duty pay taxes obey laws citizen united states citizen born states native born citizen united states parents citizens nation born native born citizen united states person born nation united states comes live states choose citizen united states steps naturalized citizen naturalized citizen lived united states lived months addition able speak english oath loyalty united states person naturalized citizen rights duties native born citizen person moves rights citizenship
historians interested political factors affected history government based constitution constitution political party major parties politics affected history answers questions tell ways history affected political factors constitution political parties affect history political factors affected history states exactly kinds constitution says affect history government based written constitution powers government constitution writes constitution writes amendment history changed history michigan history affected constitution michigan adopted constitution united states delay constitution adopted admitted caused boundary dispute territory michigan ohio wanted land
exact location bihar look global map india located north pole equator northern hemisphere southern hemisphere north south east west direction lines shown map grid tell exactly bahir located east west lines map bihar located north south lines bihar located relative location bihar bihar ocean bihar coastal location interior location bihar location relative states direction bihar rajasthan direction bihar assam describe location bihar relation assam rajasthan compare distance bihar rajasthan distance bihar assam farther bihar closer relative size bihar big small compared states india look table bihar ranks size states india states larger bihar states smaller bihar india ranks size india ranks size describe shape bihar bihar compact elongated
bihar farmers living manufacturing products northern bihar important textile mills plants sugar leather factories small village businesses southern bihar iron steel mills large factories build machines tools steel mills built large amount coal iron ore located area bringing raw materials making iron steel area costs places jamshedpur city bihar largest iron steel plant india picture shows steel mills city southern part bihar important iron steel products called pittsburgh india railroads highways carry products bihar places india bihar history began india independent nation india divided states bihar states added making states bihar women say want improve things plans bihar plans include ways increase production food millions bihar starvation food needed feed
spends large sums public money satisfy special needs living spends public money roads schools public welfare spends public money running government study similarities differences states regions states examine public expenditure capita recent wisconsin spent roads schools public welfare expenses expenses add wisconsin dividing total expenses total population discover amount expenses person called public expenditure capita find states rank public expenditure capita study facts page think states largest territories largest public expenditures capita compare alaska delaware look physical geography facts find states ranked size area compare rank alaska delaware compare rank states public expenditure capita public expenditure capita depend size territory think states largest populations largest public expenditures capita
large democratic region states states alabama terms democratic governors states west virginia bar graph shows democratic states conterminous southern part united states graph find states alabama west virginia discovered examining pie graphs alabama democratic west virginia large number republican find examining bar graph states shown bar graph similar alabama similar west virginia states think likely continue democratic governors states voting records similar alabama form smaller region larger democratic region states voting records similar west virginia form smaller region larger democratic region states similar alabama close regions republican party strong republican regions shown map page bar graph opposite page states similar alabama governors republicans exception oklahoma ten states democratic alike
kind land region urban region urban region cities today cities united states metropolitan areas area large central cities tall office buildings large department stores banks hotels theaters apartment houses central city metropolitan area surrounded rapidly growing suburbs places suburbs central city merge central city live suburbs central cities shop things need united states empty land metropolitan areas filled buildings think metropolitan areas strip cities hundreds miles million inhabitants geographers study areas strip cities urban regions forming look map geographers think strip cities future united states region growing cities region fourth united states live states partly large northeastern metropolitan area parts massachusetts rhode island connecticut york jersey pennsylvania maryland delaware region cities northeast urban region large
established fact substance change phase conditions need observe ice melting liquid water water evaporating water vapor verify fact mentioned earlier phase substance exists depends forces attraction particles effectiveness forces job holding particles inversely related kinetic energy particles motion particles kinetic energy increased effectiveness forces decreased decrease kinetic energy results increased effectiveness forces attraction effectiveness forces changed sufficiently phase change occur heat form energy forms energy discussed detail later chapter forms energy energy changed transformed form loss energy heating adding heat substance produces increase rate motion kinetic energy particles words heat energy changed energy motion cooling removing heat substance opposite effect particles slow lose kinetic energy kinetic energy changed heat surroundings substance
matter defined occupies space possesses mass definition obvious kinds matter forms step understanding matter try classify chemists discovered substances divided classes elements compounds mixtures elements pure substances broken substances means ordinary chemical change oxygen mercury copper carbon familiar examples elements present elements known exist eighty found nature created scientists laboratory small quantities eighty known elements classified metals remaining elements seventeen called nonmetals called metalloids nonmetals separate classification known noble gases classifications elements detail paragraphs ordinary word metal means substance displays physical properties high degree metals ductile capable drawn wires malleable capable hammered sheets silver gold platinum copper aluminum ductile malleable metals metals conductors electricity lead poorest conductors electricity metals seventy times conductor graphite electrical conductors nonmetals
investigations atomic structures elements led conclusion hydrogen composed simplest atoms hydrogen atom mass amu consists nucleus single electron electron single unit negative electrical charge fact atom electrically neutral nucleus proton single unit positive charge simplest atom helium helium atom electrons protons nucleus mentioned earlier practical purposes mass atom contained nucleus based number protons nuclei expect mass helium atom hydrogen atom actually mass helium atom amu times hydrogen atom account difference mass atomic particle called neutron added model atom protons neutrons nuclei atoms collectively called nucleons proton single positive electrical charge fundamental units atomic structure positive charge proton opposite effect equal magnitude charge electron unit negative charge symbols commonly represent proton mass number
chemical formula simply shorthand method representing composition molecule order able write chemical formulas accurately read interpret seen types formulas common type type familiar molecular formula formulas symbols molecular formulas subscripts parentheses sections describe parts formula provide examples typical molecular formulas elements present compound represented chemical symbol formula molecule compound consider formula hclo compound molecule consists atoms hydrogen chlorine oxygen compound incidentally hypochlorous acid atom element present molecule cases number atoms element shown subscript number written symbol element formula sulfuric acid subscripts atoms hydrogen atoms oxygen symbol atom sulfur present subscript presence atom radical defined chapter group atoms behaves single atom
heat reaction involved formation mole compound elements called heat formation compound mole concept discussed detail chapter mole liquid water formed hydrogen oxygen calories heat liberated calorie amount heat needed raise temperature gram water degree celsius heat formation liquid water calories kilocalories kcal mole kcal equal cal heat formation carbon dioxide kcal mole formed elements reactions exothermic negative heats formation show strong bonds formed compounds stable hand heat formation acetylene kcal mole carbon disulfide kcal mole compounds formed endothermic reactions chemical bonds weak unstable expressing heat formation compound phase total energy phases liquid water energy mole water vapor conditions water liquid heat formation kcal mole gaseous heat formation kcal mole smaller negative liquid water
simple electrical circuit shown figure determine substance conduct electric current electric current consists flow electrons pure water beaker lamp light pure water evidently nonconductor electricity similarly lamp glow aqueous water solutions sugar glycerine alcohol tested aqueous solutions hydrogen chloride sodium hydroxide sodium chloride beaker lamp glows brightly solutions conduct electric current substances aqueous solutions conduct electric current called electrolytes substances solutions conduct electric current called nonelectrolytes electrolytes acids bases salts strength electrolyte determined brightness lamp lamp glows dimly solution poor conductor electricity weak electrolyte lamp glows brightly solution conductor electricity strong electrolyte actually terms electrolyte nonelectrolyte commonly describe solute solution solute successful attempt explain electrolytic character solutions svante arrhenius swedish chemist theory explained properties electrolytes electrolyte dissolved water molecules break dissociate positive negative ions learned previously ions atoms groups atoms electrical charge
simplest organic compounds hydrocarbons compounds elements carbon hydrogen abundant sources compounds petroleum natural gas hydrocarbons exist form straight chain branched chain ring cyclic compounds forty carbon atoms molecule normal conditions compounds gases liquids solids liquids possessing low boiling points solids low melting points hydrocarbons burned nature products depends temperature amount oxygen present complete combustion favored excess air oxygen high temperature results formation incomplete combustion occurs low temperature limited amount oxygen result formation alkane series hydrocarbons consists compounds general formula letter designates number carbon atoms term alkane simply general series members names ending ane series alkenes alkynes members names methane ethane propane butane number carbon atoms molecule prefix prefix meth compound carbon atom molecule methyl alcohol similarly eth carbon atoms prop carbon atoms carbon atoms
noted chapter organic compounds historically common names developed persisted commonly known alcohol called ethyl alcohol ethanol acetylene called ethyne group chemists met geneva switzerland purpose simplifying naming organic compounds conference produced geneva system nomenclature nomenclature defined names science art system adopted international union chemistry present organization international union pure applied chemistry rules referred iupac system general iupac rules pick longest straight chain sequence carbon atoms formula alkane sequence alkane called parent alkane number carbon atoms sequence left left carbon atom atoms alkyl groups groups attached numbering direction allow smallest numbers determine groups attached carbon atoms straight chain compound determined naming group mentioned rule placing front number carbon atom attached parent alkane
polymerization involves formation large molecules smaller molecules product process called polymer defined giant molecule formed association simpler molecules called monomers polymers consist linkage hundreds thousands monomeric molecules examples natural polymers cotton wool silk natural rubber synthetic rubbers plastics textiles polymers polymers addition reactions molecules unsaturated hydrocarbon known plastic polyethylene plastic bottles bags fruits vegetables addition reactions molecules ethylene catalyst slightly elevated temperature polymerizations require catalysts application heat polymers addition reactions unsaturated molecules substance polymers called copolymers synthetic rubber hydrocarbons butadiene styrene copolymer polymers condensation reactions simple molecule water eliminated remaining portions monomers principal source aliphatic straight branched chain hydrocarbons major sources aromatic hydrocarbons petroleum important raw material consists chiefly saturated hydrocarbons unsaturated aromatic hydrocarbons derivatives petroleum refined fractional distillation separated fractions valuable mixture components
civilization existence creating basic natural environment clearing forest land natural drainage systems conversion country areas urban communities development vast industrial complexes large scale automobiles essential parts present society results social economic progress damaging results seriously endangered health natural resources type change led pollution water supplies atmosphere land purpose chapter discuss environmental pollution emphasizing results control dictionary defines pollution contamination condition produced presence impurities impurities known pollutants point view civilization pollutants substances adversely affect health living things damage property substances pollutants present larger normal concentrations normal levels concentration harmless beneficial general pollutants upset balance nature essential satisfactory existence living things pollutants natural natural pollutants produced processes organic decay forest fires volcanic eruptions pollutants resulting processes include hydrogen sulfide sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides hydrocarbon gases natural processes add pollutants pollen dust salt silt microbes
discussion water pollution emphasize problems involved disposal municipal sewage industrial wastes fact silt mud leading water pollutants silt inorganic matter consists small particles soil extensive silt deposits largely responsible decline sumerian civilization meet demands lumber sumerians cut forests upland slopes removal trees resulted floods rainy seasons flood waters carried seas mud settled irrigation ditches task keeping watercourses open impossible aid slave labor eventually irrigation systems broke crops failed fish died muddy waters starved american farms annually lost half million acres topsoil wind water erosion dust bowl southwest disaster averted energetic application measures contour plowing flood control irrigation reforestation planting quick growing grass shelter belts trees today mountains fertile topsoil pollute water systems killing fish aquatic vegetation filling lakes drifting rivers lost sea kind pollution radioactive wastes wastes produced stages involved preparation nuclear fuel production electricity nuclear reactors fallout products nuclear explosions
chlorine sterilization process favored today superchlorination excessive chlorination dechlorination process ensures sterilization minutes ordinary chlorination water unpleasant taste due compounds formed reaction chlorine impurities actually dilute water solution chlorine perceptible taste superchlorination high initial dose chlorine oxidizes destroys offending impurities dechlorination carried addition sulfur dioxide remove excess chlorine desired residual chlorine left water precautionary measure substances commonly water chlorination liquid chlorine calcium hypochlorite ca ocl sodium hypochlorite naocl bleaching powder caclocl chloramine chloramine effective disinfecting qualities substances presence water disinfectants kill bacteria decompose organic matter oxidation direct oxidizing agent ocl hypochlorite ion hocl hypochlorous acid hocl effective acid solutions ph levels chlorine reacts water follows hcl hocl scientists believe concentrations disinfectant water purification dilute oxidation mainly responsible destroying bacteria sterilization accomplished hypochlorous acid inhibiting enzyme action vital growth reproduction bacteria chlorine sterilize water rapidly effectively ozone
beam sunlight passed transparent prism glass rainbow formed color blending effect achieved shining light diffraction grating diffraction grating consists piece transparent material highly polished metal surface thousands fine lines grooves surface standard gratings lines centimeter ordinary white light sunlight blend visible colors wavelengths visible light prism diffraction grating separates product separation called spectrum rainbow effect spectrum ordinary white light spectrum called continuous spectrum colors blend luminous source emits characteristic spectrum produced means instrument called spectroscope instrument consists collimator producing parallel light rays prism dispersing light telescope examining spectrum light bent passes prism wavelengths colors bent degrees light consisting wavelength spread spectrum white light shows continuous spectrum colors red violet subjected sufficiently high energies elements compounds put excited means electrons higher energy levels atoms
analyses industry instrument methods procedures based measurement optical thermal electrical properties measurements instruments especially designed specific purpose analysis based measurements generally faster reliable precise obtained classical gravimetric volumetric methods today instrument analysis replaced classical methods instruments ph meters colorimeters filter photometers spectrophotometers spectroscopes potentiometers polarographic apparatus confine attention complicated include ph meters colorimeters filter photometers spectrophotometers discussing ph meters review ph advisable ph neutral solution equal concentrations hydrogen ions hydroxyl ions ph presence ions ions ion concentration increases ph decreases ph greater presence ions ions concentration ions increases ph increases ph needs known minus unit ph scale color indicator combination indicators accurate measurements ph meter preferred interfere chemical reactions taking place makes analytical determination ph accurately quickly conveniently electronic electrochemical device measures hydrogen ion concentration determining voltage difference electrodes electrochemical cell
main function spectrophotometer similar filter photometer fact instruments basically components spectrophotometer advantages filter photometer advantages permit extremely precise measurements absorbances transmittances pure liquids solutions major differences instruments paragraphs spectrophotometer colored filter replaced glass prism diffraction grating modification permits experimenter vary wavelength continuously filter photometer wavelength varied changing colored filter spectrophotometer provide narrow band wavelengths called bandwidth portion spectrum readings greater reliability filter photometer spectrophotometer permits analysis wavelengths range spectrum produced visible white light means infrared ultraviolet radiation sources infrared wavelengths red wavelengths visible spectrum ultraviolet wavelengths violet end spectrum wavelengths visible naked eye generally filter photometer limited analyses ordinary white visible light spectrophotometer analyze broader range wavelengths radiation source spectrophotometer white light infrared ultraviolet prism diffraction grating separated continuous spectrum wavelengths
imagine person walking gills nose dunking head container water needed breathe lungfish fish ocean lungfish breathe gills fish lung guessed lungfish breathes air fact lungfish breathe air die lives water lungfish swim surface needs breathe open mouth swallow big gulp air strange air breathing ability lungfish major advantage fish live polluted water water oxygen supply low fact conclude oceans heavily polluted future populated largely lungfish air breathing creatures present species kinds lungfish found parts africa australia south america australian lungfish primitive stout body feet centimeters species look eels african lungfish strange habit burying mud hibernating going sleep dry season rivers dry turn clay african lungfish hibernated
invited farmer wedding took place faraway land barn home listen music read faces jolly wedding guests easily spot bride smiling shyly paper crown hangs white cloth bridegroom ah trying answer question pieter brueghel painted peasant wedding find bridegroom musicians struck cheery tune doorway begun sing magically understand meaning words write lyrics wedding song wedding songs wish bride groom happiness write song short poem study picture interesting details find notice instance bowls food carried tray carried hinge attached wood give clue look interesting details list weave details found descriptive paragraph stranger wedding number inferences guests difficult instance tell person bride
suppose traveled japan saw landscape shown describe returned home help scene vividly comparisons comparison tells thing helps give clearer picture object re describing comparison begins words comparisons find paragraph japan strange planet mountain tops looked palaces clouds pattern rice paddies land looked giant patchwork quilt water covered rice paddies reflected sun noon waters flashed metal sun evening paddies cool gray inside cave paragraph read writer compared japan planet mountains palaces clouds comparisons paragraph read selection look picture describes copy sentence paragraph makes comparison comparison underlined paper lanterns glowed fireflies narrow shopping street kyoto read street signs written graceful japanese script looked beautiful designs suddenly japanese women standing middle street didn notice passing traffic
ago poster main form advertising hands french artist lautrec poster art form poster page helped aristide bruant cabaret singer popular parisians club night think top rock singer today understand bruant popularity imagine music critic modern rock magazine assignment review aristide bruant hop machine concert hall bruant looking exactly lautrec painted imagination write review magazine sentences describe concert tell bruant looks concert look kinds songs sings tell feel readers trip hear sing imagine performing artist singer dancer musician living paris need poster advertise show soon unfortunately money pay poster write business letter lautrec persuade paint poster free charge polite give reasons persuade lautrec help
rarely personalities classical ballet part history genius known widely lifetime pass general legend anna pavlova anna pavlovna pavlova polish origin born st petersburg leningrad actual date variously quoted authoritative russian edition husband biography january place child innate talent dancing tsarist russia maintained magnificent imperial schools performing arts entry examination pavlova mother poor father died child accepted training imperial school ballet mariinsky theater kirov theater st petersburg ballet tradition pavlova learned art teachers dancers graduated imperial ballet rose steadily grades prima ballerina danced giselle considerable success immediately pattern began emerge dancers tour riga stockholm copenhagen berlin prague acclaimed tour took place impresario sergey diaghilev staged historic season russian ballet paris pavlova appeared briefly company later london
suppose took trip central spain visited ancient city toledo looks century el painted picture buildings standing roman aqueduct tagus river surrounds toledo sides imaginary trip toledo let el imaginary host arrived toledo el met outskirts city weather exactly sunny el assures fine weather store sure look sky toledo predict weather today tomorrow write weather report paragraph write postcard family home took stroll el home tagus river want visit cathedral center town spire find path fortunately friendly fisherman hand give directions write quickly forget wish draw map help find knows el early toledo grown real mystery el means greek
course dragons common motor dangerous brought prince expected kill dragon rescue princess dragons grew fewer fewer till hard princess find dragon rescued dragons france dragons germany spain italy russia left china cold bronzy course america real live dragon left england course ago call english history began dragon lived cornwall big caves amidst rocks fine big dragon seventy feet tip fearful snout end terrible tail breathed fire smoke rattled walked scales iron wings half umbrellas bat wings thousand times bigger frightened king cornwall daughter sixteen course face dragon tales told royal nurseries twilight princess knew expect dragon eat course prince rescue princess help thinking pleasanter dragon rescued
arthur dobson held open door school gymnasium wife smell steam heat liniment disinfectant twenty hear scurrying pounding feet basketball players punctuated sharp tweets referee whistle dobson thought smell sound led wife past basketball court door short flight steps gallery swimming pool room white tile glass brick steaming hot echoed hollowly noise dobson wife sat railing overlooking pool dobson took topcoat put seat getting nervous wife think chance larry dobson replied didn think don care larry wins race think die didn win win win dobson hundred yard relay wife took coat peered green transparent water pool looks dobson looked pool estimated swim length maybe took easy
ready ready soon scientists happen today look look children pressed roses weeds intermixed peering look hidden sun rained raining thousands thousands days compounded filled end rain drum gush water sweet crystal fall showers concussion storms heavy tidal waves islands thousand forests crushed rain grown thousand times crushed forever planet venus schoolroom children rocket women raining set civilization live lives stopping stopping yes yes margot stood children remember wasn rain rain rain ago sun hour showed face stunned recall night heard stir remembrance knew dreaming remembering gold yellow crayon coin large buy knew thought remembered warmness blushing face body arms legs trembling hands
phillip feet moved pile sand gravel post office steps wanted doorway stopped forward movement turned look workmen preparing lay walk front building wouldn hand opened door lobby spaces twelve murals wall gaps accused universities fine things changed gave feeling things white knew feel completed told felt scaffolding paintpots brushes sketch blocked fourth wall space waiting trouble waiting things waiting wanted clambered scaffold peace kind ceiling morning phillip looked postmaster installed office building officially open passed morning clerks agency office upstairs morning morning
maria martinez stands unique accomplished devoted exclusively helping creativity artistic humanitarian ways nineteen indian pueblos mexico maria born northern san santa fe birth indian pueblos strongholds indian tradition current times maria home exception family traditional girls community grew conservative pattern taught household tasks mother dressed style today attended took part seasonal ceremonies attended government school indians married boy pueblo schooling marriage maria visit spanish american friends town chimayo saw admired painted chest handmade member family married julian martinez chest wedding present julian knelt admiration wished paint pueblo indian young couple loved beauty artistry san farming community crops main source income slender
niccolo mazetti lay stomach rug chin buried palm small hand listened bard disconsolately suspicion tears dark eyes luxury eleven allow bard middle deep wood lived poor woodcutter motherless daughters beautiful older daughter hair black feather raven wing younger daughter hair bright golden sunlight autumn afternoon times girls waiting father home wood older girl sit mirror sing sang niccolo hear call sounded room hey nickie niccolo face clearing moment rushed window shouted hey paul paul loeb waved excited hand thinner niccolo tall months older face full repressed tension showed clearly rapid blinking eyelids hey nickie let idea half wait till hear looked rapidly check possibility eavesdroppers front yard patently empty
soon discovered turn town meeting called mayor asked serve committee investigate danger threatened anxious help soon committee ten citizens chosen called simply clean air committee cac cac blamed city river dirty air saw smoke pouring city factories night close riverfront city smoke coming dumping grounds refuse burned rose apartment houses burned garbage incinerators amounts poured electric power plants activities big city large part reason air town polluted poisons blew river discovery town surprised shocked troubles pollution coming river pollution created homes clean air committee studying deadly conditions boys girls school science classes detectives looking clues tell air unhealthy destroying beauty town thing investigated air currents behave took turns inflating balloons
moderately high altitude arid country steep eastern side sierra nevada reached likely camp spot night brush small trees site perished spot level stream trickling side water pure zebrina tested sight splashing gleaming presunset glow refreshing choice road nonexistent showing signs fatigue think squad zeb front seat mind stop want dictator dark soon reasonable spot tell truth tuckered patrick thought seeing shadows large thickly lashed eyes admit course ordinary circumstances let drive hours stretch knew trying prove strength want interfere looks sylvie crisp orange brown costume lost freshness longer cared knobs half asleep rear mumbled tired ridin saw stream
african beach white robed morocco moor stood watching curiously built ship anchored offshore small boat lowered group rowed beach landed pulled boat looked moor recognized europeans surprised africa europeans sailed western coast africa wondered brought surprised europeans rushed beach seized captive cried protested sign language tried tell want visitor territory native gestured follow walking moor suspiciously europeans inland till village straw huts stared wonder african women quickly gathered moor talking authority chief village questions answers orders soon ten lively african boys standing europeans plain moor offering ten boys europeans captives place europeans stared boys boys stared europeans considered matter ten captives place unlikely boys moslems moor undoubtedly
eighty days talked jules verne story opinion knew joseph pulitzer york called nelly bly girl reporter fast seventy days hours eleven minutes fourteen seconds sunday offered funny paper soon wondered managed live funnies rival york journal looked funnier funnies katzenjammer kids papers crammed news printers set type fast linotype machines father liked sports pages baseball national game eighties american football eleven named later ymca invented basketball city worked sitting needed exercise croquet rage tennis roller skating rich sailed boats played golf average american rode bicycle safety model chain drive air filled tires low wheels spin girl bicycle built bicycle bustle bustle wire framework lady shirt flow elegant train
picket line maddy joined november longest nearly history white house demonstrating national woman party protest persecution leader alice paul delay passing federal suffrage amendment sentiments suffrage militant tactics line help admire courage women arrested pickets carried bags toilet necessities ordeal ahead suffragists learned coming picket meant home pack yorkers wave pickets dark afternoon maddy mrs armbruster arrested tried days later obstructing traffic mrs armbruster occoquan majority prisoners reason maddy sentence thirty days district jail apparently occoquan crowded political prisoners maddy upset separated friend thing women district jail felt brave mrs armbruster frail left look maddy face enclosure row airtight cells equanimity muster
ancient greeks imagined gods believed charge nature glories seeing sun rise morning say goes sun god apollo driving flaming chariot skies apollo story goes son earth named phaethon lad mother clymene beautiful nymph born beautiful parents phaethon help growing proud handsome natural enraged young friends scoffed story divine birth fierce anger phaethon mother cried truly child god give proof son apollo clymene wish prove journey east land sun rises find apollo present let tell lips headstrong youth delay instant set weeks journey found glorious palace sun magnificent gleamed brightly light bear phaethon entered palace end huge hall saw apollo seated throne glittered diamonds sun god head gleamed golden rays side throne stood apollo attendants hour month seasons
mrs harper transferring cold leftover soup larger smaller bowl morning rest family ate breakfast itty sounded announced claudia itty sounded dear inquired mother throwing replied claudia calmly sipping orange juice honestly stop ruin breakfast barbara dear mrs harper exactly table conversation don care claudia shot barbara mother throwing sounds school hall harper set coffee cup claudia re interested itty sounds school hall don mind subject closed claudia retreated gloomy silence conversations family ended told quiet change subject moment wrong talking sick duffy subject interesting conversation event claudia left school feeling cross miserable conversation bad beginning bad claudia wondered later forgotten rub finger post times forgot book
ate cold snack noon dining room ready party table stretched orphanage covered white cloth practically touched floor sides center stood deep oval bowl looked silver jane didn suppose filled sprays blue larkspur white stock pink white pinks doorway smell spicy stock pinks larkspur smell twenty places laid fork spoon fringed tissue paper cylinder pink blue yellow folded linen napkin favors mrs thurman explained saw jane inspecting hands known jane sighed satisfaction read books ate snack kitchen abner preferred porch breeze ate jane sampled cake batter icing liberally appetite mrs thurman aggie declared excited hungry jane thought strange feel excited felt calm collected felt girl looking eyes thinking mind
april melanie rose knees deep bows double altars egypt heads elizabeth marshall exchanged glance okay melanie reached absently help marshall pharaoh crown slipped eyes touching forehead floor suddenly eyes lit expression gave crown final tug marshall ears turned face altar set raised arms april quickly suit gods angry chanted gods angry april repeated quick glare elizabeth marshall going gods angry parroted melanie nodded continued inspiration gods demand sacrifice forgiven looked april april nodded delightedly gods demand horrible bloody sacrifice april took melanie theme relish horrible bloody sacrifice melanie agreed horrible bloody sacrifice marshall elizabeth repeated dutifully elizabeth voice quavered marshall leaned poked sister sort bloody demanded whisper april melanie gods tell sacrifice april
ladies gentlemen landed hare field flight attendants announces seat belts fastened reach unloading area passengers look watches flight texas hour fifty minutes passengers grumble plane landed minutes later scheduled arrival lunch john gonzales asks companion walk terminal hare field gonzales historian teaches history college texas sure companion answers miss patricia rogan teaches college gonzales miss rogan anthropologist person studies teaches cultures societies anthropologists study total society study think behave police sergeant cronin gonzales miss rogan conference conference held university minnesota minneapolis subject importance historians anthropologists conference social scientists geographers political scientists economists social scientists study human activities social scientists concerned ways measuring historian gonzales especially concerned
contacts american indian tribes contacts warfare trade occasional peaceful travel indian tribes noted activities traders adena ago adena developed complex culture area northern kentucky southern ohio northwestern west virginia archaeologists dug mounds adena left region archaeologists found mounds evidence adena trading activity found ornaments copper brought shores lake superior mica kinds ornaments eastern appalachian mountains alligator teeth kinds shells found adena mounds show trade gulf mexico area northeast lived tribe called ottawas actually meant traders ottawas spent traveling waterways region trading tribes traded goods cornmeal herbs furs tobacco tsimshian indians northwest noted trading activities dealt copper otter skins fish oil shells money fact columbia river northwest sort regional highway language trade developed tribes region learned general american indian tribes lived isolated existence tribes lived close nature
slavery common practice ancient civilizations prisoners captured war convicted criminals bought sold rome ruled mediterranean romans slaves spain greece gaul countries conquered likewise form slavery existed africa africans centuries leo africanus wrote trading centers timbuktu gao existed western sudan trading centers located southern edge sahara caravans sahara north caravans organized directed berbers north africa black traders centers grasslands rain forests west africa wild animals valuable item trading centers west africa roman empire thousands lions elephants giraffes beasts slaughtered roman arenas entertainment large audiences ancient record shows lions turned loose huge arena hunted killed account tells elephants eland lions leopards rhinoceros hippopotamus giraffes zebras similarly massacred imagine difficulties getting animals homeland rome put huge cages trip west african trading center cages carried carts drawn oxen think problems transporting animals sahara
secret societies called sons liberty organized members took violent action stamp tax collectors colonies delegates meeting called stamp act congress asked repeal stamp act colonial merchants stopped importing english goods trade dwindled british parliament repeal act laws duties import taxes glass paint lead paper tea brought england colonies acts proposed charles townshend king minister responsible raising money part money pay royal governors salaries colonial legislatures paid colonies paying rightful share expense government duties raising money needed unlike stamp tax internal tax paid goods enter colonies parliament levy kind tax colonies responsibility colonial legislatures townsend acts taxation representation britain pays salaries royal governors longer put pressure officials threatening withhold pay merchants refused import british goods smuggled goods paying duties alarmed threat violence merchants paid duties aroused ill feeling colonies law repealed tax tea
raising army easy task raising money finance difficult congress power tax pay debts issue paper money known continental curency paper money stated congress pay face gold silver future date doubted congress able pay debts gold silver paper money decreased continental dollar worth cents situation phrase worth continental denote congress able borrow large amounts money impossible carry fight loans gifts secured foreign countries individuals haym salomon jewish immigrant poland lent large sums congress died poor congress owing half million dollars chart page course war january study chart map page answer questions appearing top column side upper hand situation change end respects crucial war let
spite agreement goals bitter disagreement government set achieve goals dark prospects early july delegates york withdrew protest convention george washington reported letter delegates worse frame mind find ground hope establishment formed word despair seeing favorable outcome proceedings convention repent part business point disagreement states represented legislature equal voting power voice big question convention agree delegates opposing proposals edmund randolph delegate large virginia presented virginia plan plan give number representatives congress according population population representatives votes representatives vote vote confederation william paterson hand proposed jersey plan plan give regardless size equal voice congress
general santa anna intention letting texas fight number battles took place troops texans force texans fortified alamo mission san antonio mexican troops surrounded thirteen siege mexicans attacked americans alamo perished surrender volunteers united states poured texas arms supplies general sam houston commanded texan army battle cry remember alamo april houston army won decisive victory santa anna victory assured texans independence mexican government refused recognize independent republic texas texans want independent nation desire annexed joined united states texas legislature voted question vote strongly favor annexation probable reasons texans wanted join united states united states congress president agreed admit texas mexican government issued warning texas joining united states president andrew jackson inclined annexing texas provoke mexico decided shelve matter president martin van buren continued jackson policy delayed action question meantime southerners northerners debated issue heatedly
southern planters soon felt helpless face increased demands england southern fields grow upland cotton noted seeds clung fibers slave working ten hours remove seeds hand pounds raw cotton show pound usable cotton labor slow costly method seed removal likely cotton slavery fade south eli whitney teaching job south carolina chanced stop georgia plantation owned mrs catherine greene talk mrs greene plantation centered hopelessly inadequate methods removing cotton seeds mrs greene encouraged young whitney investigate possibility devising machine pick seeds cotton bolls whitney machine simple raw cotton forced hooks rotating drum series narrow slits order separate seeds fiber machine turned hand astonishingly removed seeds cotton hour crew slaves extract full whitney secret stole idea cotton engine gin cotton production soared south shipped pounds cotton south fields supplying million pounds rise times
opposition fugitive slave law mounting remarkable books written appearance north remarkable stirred antislavery passions fiery speeches politicians book uncle tom cabin lowly conceived brunswick maine church sunday morning february mrs harriet beecher stowe heard sermon plight fugitive slaves mrs stowe thirty mother children direct experience slavery visit kentucky plantation mrs stowe began writing soon reached home church weeping thought fugitive slaves intended later write installments washington abolitionist newspaper national era installments eventually ran forty mrs stowe book fictional account experiences uncle tom slave southern plantation treatment cruel overseer aroused sympathy book readers uncle tom cabin printed volumes march success copies sold week soon presses running night meet demand copies bought written uncle tom cabin books helped shape mankind destiny
gompers critics accused neglecting interests unskilled workers true favored organizing skilled workers craft unions unions limited members practice craft gompers leadership american federation labor reached membership million andrew carnegie opposed unions able avoid labor trouble believe higher wages respect employers happy contented investment yielding big dividends wrote autobiography violent prolonged labor dispute took place carnegie steel plant homestead pennsylvania part carnegie story carnegie vacationing abroad clash occurred fewer workers homestead plant union members henry frick charge carnegie absence set crush union offered organized workers contract cut wages percent offer rejected frick closed plant hired policemen homestead protection frick hoped reopen plant hiring nonunion workers homestead workers union nonunion foreign born american born skilled unskilled strike heard frick plans resolved oppose force frick hired policemen tried homestead plant strikers fired
rural america land plentiful inexpensive family afford separate house impossible undesirable families america growing cities unmarried living cities separate houses city live architects provided answer apartment houses modern urban apartment house start america chicago fire fire destroyed city demand housing chicago rebuilt local architects hit apartment houses solution problem chicago apartment houses suited urban conditions soon builders cities started construct apartment houses architects remodeled large homes family live methods supplying housing solved problem live created problems poor crowded remodeled homes tenements called frequently older homes lacked modern sanitary facilities dozens living family lived architects york created type tenement called dumbbell tenement floor plan resembled dumbbell exercising weight lifting architects designed tenements improvements dumbbell tenements fireproof stairways toilet sink families window room
secretary labor frances perkins knew hand depression conditions roosevelt took office description depression hard today reconstruct atmosphere evoke terror caused unrelieved poverty prolonged unemployment unemployment increasing steadily autumn roosevelt took office march reached peak known exact number need estimates persons ranged true figure number actual distress approached seventy cent unemployed roosevelt administration took task unemployed struggled severe winter banks collapsing nation hunger marchers parade food riots common insecurity terror agricultural regions sober farm forcibly prevented sheriffs sales foreclosed mortgages increase petty larceny alarming honorable dan willard president baltimore ohio railroad asked public meeting thought situation family hungry steals blame think unemployed percentage actual distress showed desperate franklin roosevelt deal program lasted greater part terms president
june congress passed meat inspection act pure food drugs act federal laws passed protect consumers groups club women gave support laws general federation women clubs formed pure food committee mrs walter mcnab miller columbia missouri head meat inspection act meant protect buying meat prepared dirty conditions pure food drug act meant protect harmful materials prepared foods medicines progressive reforms think reforms part spirit american individualism affected american weeks president theodore roosevelt signed pure food drug act law mrs miller reported group past pure food committee written letters circulars union tried talks exhibits printed information interested pure food laws petitioned president secretary agriculture senate house representatives incessant newspaper warfare interested support kind consumer law think mrs miller group helped pure food drug act passed consumers groups women members
water dry west called liquid gold valuable gold states arizona colorado idaho montana nevada mexico utah wyoming ranchers farmers urban families industries states pay billion water states produced billion gold past hundred colorado river america interesting rivers drains square miles western states places colorado flows miles sea level point flows bottom grand canyon matter colorado flows hardest working rivers waters collected scores dams water fills needs southwest including southern california irrigation drinking water recreation power important step dividing waters colorado took place states waters river formed colorado river compact congress approved compact compact model agreements western states divide water share hoover dam greatest dams control waters colorado completed stands feet high hoover dam backs water colorado river miles form lake mead
transfer presidential power nixon ford smoothly helped end crisis government brought watergate watergate term results added numbers americans ready think worst politicians government officers polls eighteen months nixon resignation showed belief government badly shaken widespread lack confidence government sure trouble adminstrations trying deal problems clear united states able look watergate situation openly publicly offenders publicly tried sentenced jail democratic system checks balances worked worked peacefully country able carry sudden change top levels government revolution bloodshed americans plenty history depressions true times poorer americans needed abundant resources goods kinds plentiful americans carelessly wasted american standard living wonder signs abundant coming end united states
hear thousands writing ideas telling reading important finding thoughts successfully live reading important means finding half ideas stones able tool reading able live important purpose course teach kind reading kind reading course concerned hard define easiest say kind reading follow road signs journey kind reading find wrapper candy bar hunger kind reading find amoeba science kind reading find thomas jefferson history kind reading newspaper happens
hand perceptible lost toil skill beg smile dance exhibit amiable eccentricities recommend drunken toleration part passed struggle chance drifted beaches easy song fate friend persisted persisted sodden lump flesh preserved alcohol karaki friend heathen bougainville smoked eaten efficient deeply sunken eyes mop kinky hair complete absence expression tastes simple wore red cotton kerchief belted waist brass curtain ring suspended nose powerful chief home island sold karaki service trading company annexing salary tobacco beads advance accomplished karaki shipped bougainville matter hundred miles land richer experience custom karaki plans astonishment fufuti karaki took worthless beachcomber bosom
karaki simple efficient proceeding methodically affairs landed bolts cloth tobacco knives loot landed box cartridges rifle fine tomahawk goods damaged sea water weapons carefully cleaned polished pellett declaiming poetry aloud alluring solitude aware gentle footfall turned surprised find karaki standing rifle hip axe hand pellett cheerfully want chappie karaki gleamed eyes strange light moy jack glimpsed flicker turning shark fella head head head yes karaki simply mystery savage fallen enamoured head beachcomber christopher alexander pellett betrayed fatal red whiskers karaki country white head smoked thing desired wealth lands chiefships fame love women karaki country head head pellett karaki served win patience single faith jacob schemed waited committed theft murder expended sweat cunning starved denied nursed watched tended fed saved bring head alive hoof speak spot remove leisure enjoy fruits labor safety
son laurie started kindergarten renounced corduroy overalls bibs began wearing blue jeans belt watched morning older girl door seeing clearly era ended sweet voiced nursery school tot replaced swaggering character forgot stop corner wave bye home front door slamming open hat floor voice suddenly raucous shouting lunch spoke insolently father spilled baby sister milk remarked teacher lord vain school today asked elaborately casual learn father asked laurie regarded father coldly didn learn didn learn teacher spanked boy laurie addressing bread butter fresh added mouth full asked laurie thought charles fresh teacher spanked stand corner fresh asked laurie slid chair took cookie left father saying young laurie remarked lunch soon sat charles bad today grinned enormously today charles hit teacher
whirlwind widow hair hacked mourning white thunder grown short ragged braids longer cared looked cuts gashed arms legs healed scars longer lodge white thunder died wasting sickness battle wished abandoned lodge proper let home son morning rider grandmother whirlwind woman sits door worked hard took pride told small children stories white buffalo maiden sacred spirits stories told grandmother earth medicine small huge encampment singing drumming busy move soon pony herds needed grazing plenty lodge morning rider plenty women whirlwind left project going dig roots explained round cloud woman baby company fed daughter law agreed
imagine morning late november coming winter morning twenty ago consider kitchen spreading house country town black stove main feature big round table fireplace rocking chairs front today fireplace commenced seasonal roar woman shorn white hair standing kitchen window wearing tennis shoes shapeless gray sweater summery calico dress small sprightly bantam hen due youthful illness shoulders pitifully hunched face remarkable unlike lincoln craggy tinted sun wind delicate finely boned eyes sherry colored timid exclaims breath smoking windowpane fruitcake weather person speaking sixty cousins distant lived remember inhabit house relatives power frequently cry aware friend calls buddy memory boy friend buddy died child
learned hate home shame school big lesson love girl named helene tucker light complected girl pigtails nice manners clean smart school think school look brushed hair handkerchief lady handkerchief didn want helene wipe nose hand pipes frozen water house washed socks shirt night pot mister ben grocery store stick pot soda machine scoop chopped ice evening ice melted water washing sick lot winter fire night clothes dry morning put wet dry clothes helene tucker symbol want loved goodness cleanness popularity walk street brothers sisters yell comes helene rub tennis sneakers pants wish hair wasn nappy white folks shirt fit
nace silent moment answering heard speak dead companion furness thought quietly lay wrapped blanket weeks uppermost point valley home workshop established base camp close mountain half mile tongue lowest glacier plunged arduous tasks preparation ascent food equipment unpacked inspected sorted finally repacked lighter loads transportation advanced camps hours end spent poring maps charts studying monstrous heights telescope binoculars nace supervision reconnaissance glacier route laid began backbreaking labor moving supplies establishing advance stations camps ii set glacier sheltered sites find camp iii built upper end point rock spine thrust free ice began precipitous ascent according plans advance base operations climb camps established higher mountain proper small exposed serve nights shelter
steel rimmed spectacles dusty clothes sat side road pontoon bridge river carts trucks women children crossing mule drawn carts staggered steep bank bridge soldiers helping push spokes wheels trucks ground heading peasants plodded ankle deep dust sat moving tired farther business cross bridge explore bridgehead find point enemy advanced returned bridge carts foot asked san carlos smiled native town gave pleasure mention smiled taking care animals explained understanding yes stayed taking care animals leave town san carlos look shepherd herdsman looked black dusty clothes gray dusty face steel rimmed spectacles animals animals shook head
budd read description carefully sighed highest degree unlikely william strickland choose small unsuccessful saloon barbers shops london haircut shave dyeing london budd saw reason suppose weeks murder odds hundred william strickland left country eager offer free hospitality budd committed description memory chance crossword tournament chance ninth rainbow ballot chance bunko poster ballot monster treasure hunt organized evening clarion headline money attract budd fascinated eye lean days offered choice fifty thousand pounds ten pounds week merely modest hundred strange age shingling bingling budd look enviously complete lists prizewinners hairdresser eked mean meaner profits cheap cigarettes comic papers lately bought door engaged staff exquisitely assistants adorn ladies hairdressing department purple orange curtains rows gleaming marble basins apparatus victorian chandelier permanent waving
bright green big trees side streets raining seeds wind stirred sleep flatbed truck rattling grant street stopped steel chrome glass building building lines austere cephas wonder worked saw women going checked appearance hitching rearview mirror wearing clean white shirt bow tie thin grey hair slicked water sure presentable cab truck dusted began walk slowly building moved sign boone county department welfare building temporary shed lined waiting relief trucks winter father proud holding till stopped looked building secretaries laughing talking didn look seeing hesitantly office acknowledge failure cephas checked big glass door large booth woman rows benches facing
confess laxness matter national parks haven visited enclose unique spectacular astounding greatest waterfall deepest canyon highest cliff stupendous works nature brady photograph mount rushmore opinion enclose celebrate freaks nation civilization yellowstone national park representative america disneyland natural attitude don turn sharply south cross line look yellowstone fear neighbors hear say mean yellowstone didn crazy american tendency travel goes tell afterward purpose going yellowstone glad discovered charley known pleasant looking national park checked dog permitted leash asked bears sir unique dog live tooth fang respects cats cats admire turns steps disturb earnest caterpillar
virginia preparatory school lies shirley highway washington richmond small southern school dull red brick dormitories classroom buildings quiet school buildings quiet southern names page house stuart hall randolph hall breckinridge pinckney coulter high brick wall surrounds school known breastworks shallow pond football field crater school school traditions virginia department conservation sign commemorates school union troops military hospital october school celebrates liberation honor school reopened graduates virginia preparatory school returned shocked glass steel apartment houses cinderblock ramblers sprung school grounds driven breastworks passed ornate wrought iron east gate satisfaction school changed customs boys toads obey toad code courteous boys faculty school song cheers end week names members faculty varsity football team hold doors open boys boys served dining room
nelson answer headmaster asking question wilkinson looked loathing nelson looked seaton crouched aware penalty cheating nodded heaven risk expulsion pass examination sir sir flunked latin sir knew flunk knew couldn pass latin exam cheat sir pass exam headmaster ran hand forehead trying trick trying understand thing bring notes exam sir seaton didn bring notes desk wouldn didn want cheat didn mean cheat pass exam nelson rested pudgy arms sides leather armchair looked headmaster wilkinson familiar imagine honor code fact study hall small wooden plaque proctor desk carved points honor code lie
psst psst mendelsohn wake mrs suarez low quiet voice mendelsohn fallen asleep large armchair living room grasped brown shiny wooden cane leaned forward chin chest small black skullcap neatly head tilted side covering ear late home tapped shoulder waited wake slowly lifted head opened eyes blinked asked midnight caramba didn shut lights saw sleeping sorry leaving short slow steps mrs suarez front door opening door tomorrow walked hallway stepped feet left stood door apartment mrs suarez waited holding door ajar carefully searched key lock open locks small fluffy dog standing mrs suarez began whine bark shh sh sporty stop walk shh mendelsohn finally opening door night mrs suarez smiled nodded night whispered shut doors simultaneously
peggotty sitting night parlor fire reading peggotty crocodiles remember cloudy impression sort vegetable tired reading dead sleepy leave high treat sit mother home spending evening neighbor died post course bed peggotty says suddenly married lord master davy replied peggotty put marriage head answered start woke stopped looked needle drawn thread length married peggotty says handsome woman handsome davy peggotty lawk dear put marriage head don marry person peggotty certainly says peggotty promptest decision marry person person dies marry person peggotty says peggotty choose cross suppose peggotty sitting quiet minute thought short mistaken laid stocking opening arms wide took curly head gave squeeze
night happened hurried hospital parking lot unlocked car door started car waved workers honked security guard drove half block freeway entrance late hour meant light traffic driver relieved negotiated entrance ramp settled driving easily dim dashboard light saw gas gauge indicating empty remembered annoyance stop gas working late shift hospital ideal situation meant money allowed attend graduate classes days drove found gripping steering wheel conscious effort relax think pleasant thoughts night drive home relived safety lectures nurses sure ward knows times leave grounds groups avoid isolated places hospital cornered scream deliberately relaxed grip wheel took deep breath funny thought didn uptight tonight usual tired looked forward soak tub magazine lain unread days gas gauge caught attention
endremia daughter polygaminous god ensilage reba goddess licorice child unhappy union later turned tiny child father struck mother anvil turned lily pad avoid vengeance jove jove sly polygaminous struck bolt lightning size merchants bank building threw completely balance toppled chasm dashed death meantime endremia found endrocrine goddess lettuce son bilax god gum arabic look polygaminous father forgotten soon dope turned endremia mushroom turned lily pad guardians knew protection jove soon forgotten daughter favorite reba appeared night shape mushroom gatherer asked tree mushrooms grow trees basket endremia knowing jove asking jove unloosed mighty wrath struck tree bolt lightning brought case endremia wouldn listen reason
fishing idea spend friend harkey gotten summer job trout pool pier naturally slimmer dropped morning things going friends hey harkey called paid fifty cents inside big circus tent harkey side big tank maybe fifty feet dumping buckets fish tank heard call stopped waved shel harkey asked tank harkey tall scraggly mustache looks kind silly dares tell mean hand grew tash look older makes sixteen kid trying look older tash color skin jet black distance check things looked tent maybe twenty holding poles trying haul big tank seeing wasn ten clock want fishing harkey asked
humming loudly angie lombardi trotted front steps high school breath left small trail vapor crisp november air stopped bottom steps moment breathing deeply flexing muscles ears rang thrilling music poured throat ten minutes half understood italian words thrilled parents heard practicing half dozen boys chasing football blacktopped play area sudden shout boys football sturdy toe lifted high air head intended receiver boys started angie hesitated broke run beneath ball spiraling leather smacked palms hands solid satisfying thunk held ball moment threw pinpoint pass boy run hey son wait minute angie looked coach moran heading saw handled ball coach talent team angie embarrassed sorry coach team moran persisted boys walked saw coach talking angie
ask barbara date wait week asked yes going money spent half hour math assignment worry barbara hard worry morning month ago jerry walking school darkness morning sun shining leaves coming dusty tree set cement front drugstore spring washing window goodwill store street clock ten minutes ago sidewalk crowded hurrying jobs sidewalk jerry red faced white walking unsteadily matter character anyway jerry dodge lurched weaving sidewalk drunk clock morning headed cecil restaurant didn reached door fell flat face sidewalk young woman coming cecil stared disgusting heels clicked smugly bus stop
week football season opened elephant cadiz quit team tackle weighed pounds known mow entire enemy line play coach rosemont heard news sammy lopez elephant friend coach rosemont wailed sammy die broken heart sammy embarrassed understood coach emotion coach sammy funny coach glared funny say laugh floods forest fires funny don mean sammy uncomfortably coach think elephant love love disbelief twisted coach face fifteen love trying fool lopez sammy backed holding hands si elephant fifteen big grown thinks feels grown love rose estrala coach rosemont yelled love playing football rose estrala sammy whispered wants elephant certified public accountant says football waste told elephant able add column figures kicked head
brother willie joe guilty remember hearing say thing pals club planned break luther smith garage hours maybe willie joe wasn ho plan smartest thing chance won taking chances kenny ames broke re careful listening window empty warehouse club meeting took deep breath hoped willie joe put end idea spoke don cross fuzz says caught kenny wanted don willie joe answered smartest thing listen kenny louis jesse marsh max shuddered mention max big guy built ox brainpower stood cracking knuckles re re kenny rules club helped re head club gotta stick rules rest silence
nick populopus repeated phlugerhaggen hymie cohen impatiently times say don care times say nick answered don tell hymie want quit bugging phlugerhaggen machine nick looked sideways hymie shook head sure let ask stupid question build machine contest hymie answered read school paper going shoved paper nick hand read page announcement fellow students build phlugerhaggen rules phlugerhaggen student phlugerhaggens absolutely useless phlugerhaggens automatically disqualified contest closes prize choice pancake turner handle jigsaw puzzle pieces missing prize package genuine rhubarb seeds prize bus pass ride yak let phlugerhaggens started think nick finished reading announcement think guys flipped lids hymie shrugged hand screwdriver nick watched hymie twist wires banner yukon bust
cephas felt feeling known warm spring sun shone face dark brown eyes eyes color skin cephas grinned fingers squeezed harder tightly rolled paper scroll hurried home going school job scroll important honor roll phyllis wheatley high school hard thought assembly morning cephas anderson called cephas turned corner block home took steps stoop burst building door stairs smiled thought expression soon mother face stopped floor catch breath sudden movement end hall caught eye door closed soundlessly cephas stopped shouldn apartment lan sheldon lived father cephas seen lan heading athletic field rest baseball team practice sheldon sitting newsstand subway cephas felt sudden chill wondered wrong
papa benny tropical paradise food specialty store deep trouble large modern supermarket opened block opened market advertised ten pound bags rice price papa benny hope match papa benny stood door small shop watched customers flock glittering market jose bitterly son fifteen hard helping neighbors charge cents pound rice means longer hard working puerto rican money grabbing pirate hah mrs valento going jose smiled mama valento going stopped embarrassed look church papa benny shouted woman credit church going buy diseased food store mrs valento glared rice bought worms chicken wings feathers papa benny danced fury shouted don tell credit yankee store wandered sadly doorway jose shoulder mind store going nap jose sixteen business student monroe high school knew competition profit loss hard small businessman
captain school football team expects solve problems solve half problems lucky biggest problem earlier school miss hale left school don resigned fired fault left think miss hale left wasn english teacher re wrong forty veteran knew english willing bet read worth reading students liked remember junior english class left pocketbook desk room knew money pocketbook surprised left desk school rough neighborhood didn expect trust told kids asked left pocketbook desk rest wondered re belongings respect respect belongings explained miss hale confidence wanted disappoint wondering miss hale left school
carlos hurried square plaza front alamo movie company setting cameras re ready shoot picture carlos aloud worried maybe wouldn maybe hired extras maybe short movies maybe maybe job thought thirty sign thirty alamo plaza thirty carlos rushed quickly streets noticed passed puffing cigars looking morning paper carlos bumping excuse hurry dark eyes glistening smile bright smiled walking carlos finally reached plaza cameramen actors lots standing carried small cameras tourists carlos muttered breath alamo today getting extra treat movie shot carlos grown san antonio seen alamo school listened stories tough group texans fought mexican army spot proud texan carlos liked alamo stories
short walk stadium street grew minor leagues short walk game twelve ago contracts grew bigger lost interest neighborhood pushcart hot dogs didn taste hungry kid wasn fun batting average hit seasons downhill fast worrying contract early july papers nice things writing died wouldn admit worst games sat locker room players left feeling corpse roomie don wheat finally put arm shoulder let downtown catch lobster steak hank shook head tonight buddy think walk haven seen neighborhood reason mood pushcart hot dog sounds smells neighborhood hit block stickball game going wandered munching pushcart hot dog
margarita margarita margarita valderos waiting bus stop heard familiar voice calling cousin ramona ramona friend amy porter waiting bus margarita heard called opened book quickly pretended absorbed ramona turned mockingly lady wants favorite amy giggled imagine grandmother runs secondhand store margarita wears beautiful clothes ramona sweetly nice beautiful secondhand hand downs thing secondhand margarita replied ramona hissed drop dead margarita breath sick ramona giggling amy needling foolish pretend wisecracks skin live fun lady cruel margarita closed book walked bus stop grandmother store woman face broke broad toothless smile margarita drew look lady surprise waved package air wrapped sheets newspaper tied bits string knotted sure grandmother
criminal justice system system relate think answer questions trouble crime criminal justice violence strife peopled hardened criminals tough cops smart lawyers wise judges easy view watching television movies portray system view feel criminal justice relation plans tough cop smart lawyer wise judge hardened criminal tv movies aim entertain distort happens tie stories neat hour packages show stereotypes emphasize action violence book main purposes show system works show system fits surprised ways system touches average law abiding citizen course citizens called jury duty minor system affect arises crime fear crime direct victims crime lives affected crime
laurie dorman door holding copy rolling stone hands dark hair fell shoulders white dress hi john pretty john thought hesitated uh mom mad working yelling walk uh gee bad laurie mumbled thinking going ask john asked john father want house think re reliable job laurie voice trailed embarrassed john winced remembered argued mother issue tried don want let laurie parents john coaxed gregory street saw bet looking window caught give re bad liar maybe teach john shot laurie pouted memphis auditorium tonight special deal dollars coupon pointed ad rolling stone
john stood judge asked money lawyer john judge appointed public defender case judge set bail john parents put money home ten days later john sat courtroom defense table silent mary burns public defender assigned case explained happen hearing hearing trial deputy district attorney present case judge decide reason hold trial hearing wilbert porter owner car testified permission borrow car gregory neighbor street stated saw woman drive car belonging porter patrolman berman identified john arrested car later evening testimony presented deputy district attorney george armer asked john brought trial charge grand theft auto judge declared evidence brought hearing call trial ordered john court week plead guilty guilty john slumped head hands hearing
realize nearly daily lives affected law laws affect birth marriage education business employment housing illness traffic food retirement death laws affect person obeys law criminal surprise influence law list past hours actions influenced law morning influenced law says attend school eating breakfast walking school crossing street driving car buying food watching television american legal system basic types law civil law criminal law general civil laws govern private lives private businesses laws dealing family relations birth adoption marriage divorce civil laws civil laws deal private matters business contracts agreement buy car installment plan civil laws deal injuries damages caused accidents person injured auto accident want collect money person charged causing accident civil complaint court decide person person judged wrong jail
story fictional happen matter mean happen unlikely bill rights outlaws things happened dick lambert course bill rights protects americans believe strongly bill rights willing support fight support bill rights scrap paper bill rights protects americans unfair laws unfair acts government list protections bill rights protections stated words job supreme court interpret rights today conditions supreme court ruled protections general statements bill rights americans criticize elected officials newspapers cover news stories think important censored government limited cases police search warrants issued judge order search private house office americans jail periods court trial americans call government change policies americans demonstrate peacefully government interference police
bill wanted teach changed mind college dating girl dad lieutenant homicide section talking interested police impressed officers met worked jobs re free free limits investigate want learn learning process guy trained department told re don learn haven trying ways handle situation kinds situations bill run says working car missing child stray sheep things thinks think police shootings stabbings sort thing job called auto accidents row speeds going red lights ask siren explains dispatcher says accident bad broken arm fire department rescue squad putting splint
important suspect lawyer police questioning person frightened confused questioned police station say foolish things foolish things court cases law account human weakness case young confessed setting fire killed questions arose believe confession names suspect officers questioned changed protect case true morning june jimmy tyson arrived denver bus pound foot youth turned left home dallas argument mother upset recently school delinquents setting series small fires bus denver jimmy dollars cash dallas bus tokens knowing jimmy walked night apartment building surrey burned twenty killed fire fire officials suspected arson surrey bus station early morning jimmy tyson awakened bench police officers
suppose re walking minding business police officer stops questions re driving night officer stops behave rights police officers think police mistreated knowing dealing police help feel secure certainly help section designed peer teaching wish peer teach section arrangements teacher ask lawyer class help juveniles handled differently adults justice system rights freedom speech remain silent lawyer present arrested minor bail jury trial mean young fewer rights adults juvenile hearing supposed find guilt supposed young person law enforcement officer rights duties duty protect community laws obeyed catch criminals
met requirements john allowed test potential police officers test included questions english arithmetic verbal comprehension memory section important detective gathering evidence crime classify fingerprints suspect penalty crime involved kinds evidence admissible court reputation suspect honesty truth crimes suspect accused police officer discuss minor complaint person angry hostile standpoint community relations show interest person point view problem person rational basis record complaint leave impress person official capacity answer questions john passed test weeks later interviewed physical tests interviews group experience police asked john questions background attitudes reasons wanting police thought kinds situations likely encounter john interviewed psychologist interview john took tests designed tell things personality answers help show police officer john passed tests filled papers background check finally accepted police training weeks police academy
passer dave soto called police officers arrived patrol car took ellen emergency room nearby hospital treated injuries later evening ellen talked police tried answer questions think recognize positive days later sergeant police department telephoned ellen station look pictures suspects asked police station ellen picked picture young looked raped ellen positive later dave soto picked young picture wasn months later ellen called witness trial took traveled bus hour courthouse dave soto waited dark hallway benches chairs hallway cases set knew called witness simply wait hours later ellen dave learned lawyer defendant asked trial set later date prepare case
district attorney job show thomas ward guilty reasonable doubt felony murder want show occurred thomas ward friends attempted money alvin fry fry thomas ward knew robbery involved attempt rob fry killed order convict thomas ward murder prove reasonable doubt acts took place want question witnesses ward role alleged robbery try called direct examination want question witnesses called defense order discredit known cross examination prove case want ask witnesses questions robbery planned murder place result attempt rob direct examination witness hampton ward action bus stop bus suggest planned rob fry direct examination witness hampton ward part robbery attempt fry direct examination witness terman ward threaten fry direct examination witness terman ward presence gun possibility direct examination witness terman team attorneys prepared opening statement court explaining believe facts case show
jury member job fair decision case reach unanimous decision agree hung jury means dismissed reaching verdict try hard reach verdict defendants believe denied rights believe procedures cases unfair matters called questions law decisions questions law appeals courts section learn appeals courts criminal trial questions fact questions law important jury reaches verdict questions fact settled defendant appeal case questions law defendant feel law applied fairly case constitutional matter publicity defendant argue case received publicity newspaper television radio stories influenced jurors impossible give fair verdict defendent argue deprived fair trial receive trial case defendant raised question law case appeals court
danny bright troubled boy series violent acts danny found delinquent juvenile court judge sentenced danny training camp danny told bus station morning station danny bye mother brother boys bus didn danny home scared wondered boys felt looked sure boy front turned hey ride stranger re ya tell danny stiffened lots rides sure boy replied re gonna wish friend boy winked danny wondered meant decided probe drive bus turned gravel road passed gate danny saw red brick buildings surrounded green grass trees looked nice place high chain link fence bus stopped door opened stepped bus ok boys assigned room tests physical danny spent days talked counselor
argued rights wrongs capital punishment sections summarize arguments side agree capital punishment keeps committing crimes hard say deterrent works common sense says fear caught hesitate murder think punished death person takes pay act giving eye eye tooth tooth punishment capital punishment due process law reserved crimes lightly handed jurors told consider carefully steps appeals process carried capital punishment stop committing murder states abolished death penalty murder rates declined remained commit crimes believe caught capital punishment wrongdoing top wrongdoing help victim original crime locking criminal rest punishment capital punishment due process carried poor hire lawyers wealthy defendant high priced lawyers lighter sentence
governor capital punishment law governor grant pardon person sentenced prison governor change death sentence imprisonment election recently mail running favor capital punishment thought subject william dow scheduled die electric chair crime degree murder letter appeal lies desk case william dow age minor trouble prison convicted murdering friend john geddings killing happened drunken argument dice game earlier argument geddings struck dow broken nose dow left scene game later returned gun killing snakes argument resumed dow shot geddings dow claimed meant kill geddings acted defense jury accept dow claim recommended put death appeal dow argues capital punishment immoral dow says criminal victim human misunderstanding regrets killing friend deeply says kill dow says death penalty serve deterrent stop kill anger
stone age living nile river egypt learned farm raise cattle primitive culture developed civilizations civilization developed egypt called gift nile river watered land banks floodtime overflowed deposited fertile soil fields rain rarely falls egypt water drinking bathing farming entirely nile farmers ancient egypt lived story mud brick huts villages river banks fields hard dry september river overflowed flooded water carrying rich soil excellent growing crops seasons farmers dug irrigation ditches divert water nile fields need dig irrigation ditches tend construct dams benefit farmers required group effort group formed purposes administrator direct rules workmen follow administrator assumed greater authority farmers directed planting harvesting crops decided store distribute crop surpluses early cooperative efforts accompanied rise administrative class earliest form local government egypt farmers needed track passage order plan planting harvesting counted days nile floods
western civilization traced common source ancient greece rome principles law government fundamental concepts science mathematics standards art architecture root words living languages roman civilization serves standard referred classical act drama roman history rise civilization islands shores aegean sea eastern mediterranean island crete grew wealthy trade advanced civilizations egypt asia minor important aegean center mycenae southern greece aegean civilization flourished overrun invaders north newcomers belonged group light skinned peoples europeans original home central asia ancient times branch large group moved westward greece italy western europe hittites persians emigrated asia minor referred aryans pushed southeastward india european tribes moved greek peninsula mixed aegeans borrowed elements culture intermingling peoples greeks hellenes high point greek civilization reached hellenic period lasted greeks established city states rugged peninsula greece
persian fleet set sail bid capture athens repulsed fleet withdrew asia minor success battle marathon inspired greeks confidence touched rebellions sections persian empire winter xerxes son darius prepared attack greece athens peloponnesian league shouldered burden defense persians defeated spartan army thermopylae xerxes captured athens burned acropolis athenians faith wooden walls fleet assembled ships salamis ensuing naval battle narrow straits salamis proved disaster persians xerxes returned asia minor surviving remnants persian army greek mainland routed battle plataea greeks unchallenged aegean persia gave attempts conquer important results hellenic victory budding city states greece chance develop democratic systems government despotism east allowed penetrate europe undermine growth freedom defeat persians athens took lead holding city states loose federation called delian league power wealth athens based thriving trade naval supremacy prestige
periods imperial instability economic decline alternated periods political strength commercial prosperity emperors exert effective leadership safety empire threatened external enemies ten centuries island fortress raging sea byzantine capital withstood numerous attempts breach defenses outer ramparts repeatedly attacked century emperor heraclius general ended persian threat recovered syria palestine egypt menace soon replaced moslem arabs end century moslems conquered north africa eastern mediterranean lands parts asia minor balkans attack bulgars nomadic similar huns subjugated slavic population settled bulgaria leo iii ruled byzantine empire regained strength increased imperial authority weakening power provincial governors administrative reform credited prolonging empire moslem army repulsed gates constantinople byzantine navy drove invader fleet vital element byzantine naval success greek fire inflammable liquid lime sulfur chemicals set fire enemy ships outstanding ruler basil ii ruled revived power prosperity empire period decline
invading aryans brought language related greeks romans thousand india tongue developed language known sanskrit century sanskrit forms religious sanskrit brahmans sanskrit poets sanskrit arts politics early sanskrit literature includes vedas important collections writings rig meaning hymns knowledge hymns praise gods brahmans passed hymns word mouth generation generation brahmans recite verses scholars wrote commentaries vedas called upanishads speculate beginning epic age produced epic poems mahabharata ramayana describing adventures aryan heroes iliad greeks mahabharata tells war poets ramayana greek odyssey tells hero wanderings patient wait faithful wife mahabharata glorifies war adventure ramayana shows growth knightly ideals indians indian religion hinduism developed early aryans sacrifice animals number gods greatest god indra greek zeus roman jupiter threw thunderbolts ate bulls hundred drank lakes wine
chou period thinkers teachers drew rules conduct chinese things regulated worn special occasions serving eating food talked conduct son father code politeness changed recent times influence chinese greatest chinese teachers kung fu known today latinized form confucius honored revered chinese history confucius born buddha began teach twenty according tradition won fame fifty prince asked governor province gave government jealous neighboring governor forced resign trying unsuccessfully persuade princes adopt plans government returned teaching confucius think inventor ideas called transmitter maker believed preserved literature china later times fearing lost troubled era lived gathered earlier writings prepare called classics unlike buddha confucius seek escape wanted find happy earth
voyages dias columbus da excited curiosity europeans inspired explorations realize newly discovered lands west part asia amerigo vespucci italian sailed employ medicis florence later portugal maintained voyages european set foot mainland explorations east coast south america vespucci success spreading idea continent found german geographer named lands america historians dispute claims endures portuguese fleet pedro cabral sailing india africa swung westward rounding africa sighted easternmost region south america continuing voyage india cabral asserted portuguese claim land brazil spanish explorer vasco de balboa established spanish settlement american mainland isthmus panama explored nearby regions european gaze called south sea magellan later gave greatest oceans pacific latin word meaning peaceful ferdinand magellan portuguese explorer columbus believed reach india sailing west
louis xiii reign king proved ability disliked richelieu found indispensable allowed virtually absolute rule france cardinal pale delicate incurable disease iron succeeded aims strengthen power king france france supreme europe accomplish goal took steps destroy political rights huguenots power nobles attacking chief town la rochelle forced huguenots give privilege maintaining fortified towns garrisoned troops issued edict destruction nobles castles national defense nobles lost jurisdiction local districts royal officials called intendants watchful eye king enemies cardinal richelieu achieved aim chiefly weakening power hapsburgs plunged france thirty war emerged strongest nation europe richelieu harsh relentless showed concern common france bear heavy tax loads rejoiced death louis xiii died later son king louis xiv age richelieu trained jules mazarin italian born cardinal successor louis childhood mazarin held reins rule capable hands
study practice medicine middle ages sciences suffered heavy reliance traditional ideas erroneous physicians magical potions based medical knowledge writings authorities ancient times galen modern medicine begun philippus aureolus paracelsus swiss doctor early century applied chemistry medicine attacked alchemists declaring aim gold prepare medicines discarded remedies powdered egyptian mummy crushed sow bugs urged experimentation chemical drugs effective important figure history medicine andreas vesalius native brussels medical student louvain paris disgusted professors examining human body merely read galen order perform dissections vesalius collected cadavers robbing gallows trouble illegal activity finally fled padua helped important medical center europe copernicus published revolutionary theory vesalius published book entitled fabric human body accurate description anatomy human body vesalius bitterly attacked ideas jealous colleagues abandoned university thirties personal physician holy roman emperor charles
town red brick brick red smoke ashes allowed matters stood town unnatural red black painted face savage town machinery tall chimneys interminable serpents smoke trailed uncoiled black canal river ran purple ill smelling dye vast piles buildings full windows rattling trembling piston steam engine worked monotonously head elephant melancholy madness contained large streets small streets inhabited equally hours sound pavements yesterday tomorrow counterpart description drab ugly industrial town deadly monotony lives inhabitants appeared hard times charles dickens deplored evils industrialism saw england novels protested social economic system cruelly indifferent human dignity
constitution united states represented compromise excessively strong central authority weak national government articles wrote discarded idea expressed articles confederation united states league sovereign independent states proclaimed nation union individuals subject constitution supreme law land mindful dangers tyranny framers constitution constructed ingenious set safeguards principle federalism carefully distributed power states national government built system checks balances federal government organizing separate units executive legislative judicial safeguard series ten amendments added constitution known collectively bill rights guaranteed americans basic civil liberties freedom speech press assembly religion united states constitution stirred imagination europe model large combining principles constitutionalism federalism limited government workable fashion stimulated belief practicability government stating rights belonging encouraged seek constitution establishing united states america effect june president nation george washington inaugurated april
single important contribution british india unification entire subcontinent authority political unity strengthened introduction english official language prior single language educated indians speak british india suppressed organized bands robbers reduced dangers travel provided protection property outlawed suttee suicide widows husbands funeral pyres killing infant girls improvements included increased medical facilities miles railroads telegraph lines extensive irrigation works watered million acres land picture dark side sanitation restoration law order population increased rapidly food supplies growth living standards large numbers actually declined millions lived close starvation level single bad season create famine poverty story india british try relieve success heavy blow end village handicraft system centuries vital part indian economy growth british industry india market cheap manufactured goods especially cotton textiles indians handwoven cloth compete imported textiles home forbidden sell countries
war ii ended united nations established help maintain peace cold war developed split wartime allies communist communist camps twenty relations nations blocs strained times verge global war cuban missile crisis war vietnam began geneva conference continued early soviet union recovered slowly war ii meantime consolidated hold nations eastern europe united states prospered war shouldered increased responsibilities leader offered truman doctrine communism marshall plan help nations europe recover economic strength united states soviet union powerful nations early influence affairs countries lessened twenty soviet union dictated policies eastern european nations early signs ties soviet union weakening eastern european countries gaining freedom action twenty united states influenced policies nations circle friends western europe spectacular economic recovery war ii rely guidance united states
findings laboratory scientists technicians put everyday manufacturers adapted internal combustion diesel engines ships land transportation airplanes mid century auto manufacturers united states western europe producing million automobiles industry largest single employer united states economy automobile extended range human mobility pleasure employment helped acquainted regions twenty wright brothers airplane flight commercial aviation reality war ii stimulated development powerful engines durable metals improved instrumentation design jet engines pioneered britain began replace piston engines jet propelled planes flying miles hour dominated range passenger service distance jet age measured hours communication reduced matter seconds telephone radio general instantaneous communication persons opposite sides earth satellites orbiting earth permitted live telecasts europe americas air conditioning cooled cleaned interior air helped control climate home school travel revolution crop production brought hybridization forms fertilizers insecticides
imperialism thrown underdeveloped countries resolved rid poverty expectations rapid improvement spread widely drive economic development small powerful groups political leaders army officers intellectuals prime movers suharto indonesia jomo kenyatta kenya gamal abdel nasser egypt eduardo frei chile economic development fundamental political issue test nationhood index political success matter crucial urgency movement economic progress bound slow europe resources start industrialization feel benefits industrialism hundred later underdeveloped countries achieve goals faster availability industrial technology foreign aid held high hopes national leaders important awakening hope millions nations social progress strengthened economy achieved lifetimes difficult task effort raise living standards satisfy understandable expectations rich nations gained modernization growing richer increasingly faster pace rich poor striving advance economically poor spent nearly earned live left save invest
ways home york travel imagination york city buffalo wonderful thruway trip begins henry hudson parkway traffic moves easily hudson river soon cross harlem river north end manhattan island bronx northernmost borough york city continue northward high cliffs palisades west bank hudson attract attention miles steep wall dark massive rock towers west bank river enter thruway yonkers shortly arrive tappan zee bridge spectacular curving structure miles crosses widest parts river coming west bank hudson proceed northwesterly direction soon rugged highlands hudson view high hills rising feet extend england east jersey west skillful engineers built highway hills steep grades soon arrive kingston continue albany enroute catch glimpses taconic mountains east hudson river low ranges extend miles york massachusetts border immediately west interesting group mountains
cold afternoon january peter ergheimer trudged foot deep snow covering east west road frontier village hometown night sister mary developed severe cough high fever home remedies parents failed help midafternoon worse worried parents peter doctor peter bit sure doctor home physician miles homes village hometown consisted wooden buildings clustered crossroads neighboring farmhouses spread area square miles wilderness peter road face feet began smarting cold reached general store edge village pain unbearable resisted temptation step warm sudden thought doctor inside helped change mind village doctor sat stove middle room talking arguing local affairs government run philadelphia nation capital peter soon inside story building jeb tucker storekeeper traded sold plows cotton goods
peter ergheimer recognized hometown farm lived ago part village farmhouse row houses fields streets sidewalks places knew unpaved crossroads church village store blacksmith shop completely changed hometown began growing railroad reached middle century thousands residents immigrants europe factories stores businesses sprang ergheimer farm farms vicinity sold broken lots hundreds homes built community spread direction city ergheimers built house sections hometown george ergheimer head family opened livery stable main street living boarding renting horses sons daughter attended local high school oldest boy sidney studied medicine columbia university sidney hometown leading physicians important member hometown hospital staff streets crossing heart hometown business section streets crossroads paved bricks
minuit van twiller directors settlers troubles indians director kieft william kieft older van twiller vain certainly active loyal company dictator heart worst hated indians dutch arrived indians friendly part hudson indians feasted captain broke arrows sign peace later dutch explorer adriaen block spend winter manhattan island ship burned indians brought food helped hunt fish help explorers survived spring built boat sailed indians friendly dutch settlers taught raise corn find game general live land indians kind seen future guessed lose land power majority contented neighbors found fur trade dutch knew course furs indians worth times price goods gave trade
government worked plan help palatines british navy steady supply naval stores needed painting varnishing waterproofing navy wooden ships stores obtained kinds pine trees english officials thought sending palatines part york pine trees settlers produce naval stores palatines repay british money aid palatine leaders agreed plan settlers land assigned leave permission governor colonel hunter produced naval stores repay owed receive acres land tax free governor decide lands granted palatines appears leaders idea valley schoharie creek land rate settlers believed promised rich farming land ten ships carrying palatines sailed york voyage took months poor food unsanitary conditions crowding typhus broke spread rapidly passengers nearly died crossing reached york seriously ill york city afraid receive sick refugees governors island
colony population increased slowly families willing exchange comfort hardships dangers york frontier palatines moved schoharie valley area settlements kind west north hudson valley interior populated indians fur traders trappers soon palatines led settlers moved westward mohawk nearby valleys fear indian attacks discouraged settlement frontier knew indians warpath english indians giving occasional gifts true missionaries iroquois wrote religious book mohawk tongue number york indians attended mission school england english wanted trade indians allies wanted william johnson treated indians respect showed human beings young william johnson york ireland manage uncle estate lay angle formed mohawk river schoharie creek palatines lived neighborhood germans dutchmen neighbors mohawks members iroquois tribes
john young wife virginia western york horseback indian trail wilderness settlers fortunate travel wagons drawn horses oxen roads leading westward bad suitable travel useless settlers move farm products market miles road built older roads improved york grow prosper roads existed york beaten paths greater part length full ruts stumps roots rained seas mud built fort stanwix rome geneva genesee road considered york early routes built funds raised lotteries run legislature citizens living route volunteered total days labor help construction completed road miles feet wide genesee road turnpike company improved extended canandaigua improvements journey safe comfortable john duncan traveler journeyed genesee road stagecoach wrote hills steep passengers coach walk
canal period barely begun form transportation appeared york railroad completed steam locomotive moved completion erie canal railroads mainly link waterways reduce required canal journeys carry passengers freight winter months water routes covered clogged ice york railroad line started operating called mohawk hudson railroad ran albany schenectady distance miles railroad shortened required travel cities canalboat riverboat locomotive mohawk hudson line built york city shipped albany boat named de clinton honor york governor build erie canal train cars stagecoaches mounted railroad wheels tracks train wood covered iron strips de clinton run engineers built mohawk hudson solve difficult problem caused slope land albany schenectady albany riverfront passengers boarded train feet sea level western part city train pass enroute schenectady feet sea level
railroad linking york city albany york harlem chartered inched northward slow pace steamboat companies hudson river afraid competition york harlem required lay tracks river businessmen communities hudson realized railroads help objections riverboat companies overcome railroads run winter summer steamboats operate river free ice actually york harlem railroad link york city albany hudson river railroad chartered york harlem completed tracks albany months older railroad hudson river line provided faster economical service competitor tracks ran east bank river commodore vanderbilt wealthy steamboat operator interested railroads soon won control york harlem short gained control hudson river railroad roads business wintertime river frozen rest steamboats plying york albany freight business erie canal york central brought albany
gifted writers prose poetry beginning colony dutch writers things discovered land writings consisted descriptions animals fish trees fruit important indians english colonists writing colonies independent authors began writing legends creating wonderful stories built history america novelist washington irving born york city revolution ended irving known sketch book legend sleepy hollow ghost story generations girls boys shiver fear delight rip van winkle strange tale set mysterious catskills irving known american author abroad beautiful home called sunnyside stands tarrytown visited public house overlooks hudson river famous writer early york james fenimore cooper brought cooperstown frontier village laid father cooper known stories frontier sea novels indians settlers known leatherstocking tales aroused interest indians readers william cullen bryant america known poets belongs sense york born massachusetts bryant moved york city young
science interest yorkers early dutch settlers studied plants animals yorker importance science cadwallader colden political leader english colonial days trained doctor scientific interests included botany astronomy physics history customs iroquois indians put colonial york map science remarkable person colden unusual number branches science knew cared outstanding scientists benjamin franklin fine studied nature known think chemists biologists specialists subject learned branches science clear hope informed special field freedom gave lift science art young united states york boasted outstanding students science early de clinton governor won recognition scientist abroad wrote summary advances science america rensselaer institute established school scientific engineering united states
wave wave immigrants nations landed york city en route homes united states impossible describe national groups single chapter discuss largest colonial times ireland lived york farmers working governor thomas dongan sir william johnson general richard montgomery played leading roles york history irish started coming york large numbers thousands newcomers helped dig erie canal heaviest immigration ireland started potato crop failed famine swept land hundreds thousands irish york avoid starvation took farming majority settled cities industrial workers irish population york city large dublin majority irish immigrants dissatisfied british rule homeland emigrated america search political religious freedom american citizens welcomed opportunity taking part political rendered valuable service nation field government germany settled york century greatest german immigration began
clock morning ned clark helping father farm chores hour early spring soon let cows pasture weeks weather warmer cattle able graze pasture ned clark knows dairy farming round business dairy farmers knowledge skill need scientific farmers fertilizers cows condition tractors farm machinery tip top shape need accountants modern dairy farming requires careful records milk production farm expenditures farm income clark farm cows barn winter morning ned feed brings hay father feed silage clark buys feed store silage corn grown farm cows need milked morning evening modern farmers clark milking machine job milking finished milk stored large cans huge refrigerated tanks fresh awaiting shipment milk plant
majority leader heads party majority seats assembly legislators party united pass bills wish naturally majority leader works party members agreement minority leader plays role course party holds minority seats house minority party opposition party tries block acceptance majority program legislature minority party members voting bloc bills put forward majority presenting programs instances parties compromise adopting parts programs majority minority leaders assembly play important role planning parties strategy carrying debates assembly senate york members assemblymen senators elected terms presiding officer senate lieutenant governor important officer majority leader generally called temporary president speaker assembly temporary president member committee takes lead getting party program passed senate presides senate lieutenant governor absent legislature meets session starts wednesday monday january continues period months longer
counties york subdivided smaller areas called towns fact help clear confusion arises word town town city york states town division county midst governing cities villages located yorkers citizens cities incorporated villages citizens town today town boundaries fixed legislature practice started towns york fact towns existed york government oldest towns created early colonial times towns farming regions york called rural towns towns resemble cities large villages known urban towns rural towns consist square miles countryside small villages located urban towns hand thickly settled communities communities large city government city village city government built urban communities fall authority town government territory grown addition rural urban york towns divided class towns
penicillin quiet scottish doctor named fleming wondered microbes failed grow green mold laboratory dishes treat deadly disease diabetes professor von noticed sugar loving ants gathering cages research dogs ants cages thalidomide dangerous drug dr frances kelsey wondered babies suddenly born seal flippers place arms case perceptive person saw ordinary happening nature undertook find reason solutions easily scientist prepared training experience moment insight problem stand vividly scientist needed imagination frame answers experimental skill test answers hypotheses problem grew investigators joined solving ten fleming observation ernest chain read repeated proceeded investigate chemistry penicillin howard florey tested penicillin treating disease duriing war ii united states developed methods producing penicillin quantity penicillin comes descendants fungus department agriculture scientists discovered moldy grapefruit peoria illinois search answers demanded effort patience face repeated failure drew background knowledge contributed generations earlier scientists
cell theory powerful reaching generalization guided development fields biology apparent exceptions slime molds times syncytial organism consists mass protoplasm divided cells syncytia found fungi algae simple plants muscles attached skeleton flower parts living structures protozoa referred celled animals complex compared cells types biologists think protozoa consist cells living material early stage earth organized units smaller cells viruses survivors early days likewise small units found cells mitochondria chloroplasts likely living cells earth developed noncellular materials possibly small units mentioned exceptions debatable syncytia start groups cells fail form cell boundaries lose cell boundaries merge rudolf virchow stated concepts cell theory section basis concepts originated medical science pathology study diseased cells tissues organs surgeons depend pathologist judgment diagnosing patient illness
let reasons concept energy important biology organisms active perform movement whales swim ocean depths chimpanzees swing trees attached animals sea anemones move tentacles catching food surrounding waters resting seed spore alive movement energy moves things organisms need large constant carefully controlled supply energy serves purposes living things chemical synthesis structures chemical substances organisms requires energy electrical energy found nerve muscle tissue shocking organs electric eels electric eel produce discharge hundred volts voodoo lilies warm blooded animals energy appears heat heat waste energy keeping organism warm light energy appears fireflies bacteria mushrooms earlier listed complexity characteristics organisms complex structures high degree order organization put automobile working order straighten room organize club activities require energy similarly complex organisms need energy produce maintain highly organized condition lifeless energy enormous amounts involved movements sea operations factory thunderstorm nuclear explosion
successful varied abundant group higher plants flowering angiosperms comprise half known plant species angiosperms owe success factors development specialized cells called vessels xylem water conduction factor efficient method reproduction based flower flowers include lovely blooms commonly called flowers include structures pussy willow birch catkins heads grains grasses organs gymnosperm cones produce spores reproduction takes place basically gymnosperms angiosperms fall classes monocots cotyledon cotyledon food leaflike structure seed dicot seeds cotyledons important characteristics correlated number cotyledons let characteristics related dicot stems actively dividing tissue called cambium continually produces rings xylem phloem xylem enables dicots grow diameter put branches leaves easily xylem phloem branch complex veins leaves veins complex prevent torn leaf growing monocots lack cambium branch easily tend grow tall thin lilies grasses palm trees separate bundles conducting tissue scattered stem run straight leaves parallel veins
names centipedes hundred legs millipedes thousand legs exaggerations centipedes hundred legs usual number centipedes flattened animals pair legs segment depend speed poison glands kill insects small prey woods cellars inhabit round slow moving millipedes pairs legs segment plant eaters arachnids comprise spiders related animals contrasted insects arachnids bodies divided regions combined head thorax abdomen pairs legs antennae simple eyes spiders largely live insects hunt trap entangle webs poisonous secretion paralyzes victim digests tissues spider suck spider silk originally wrapping eggs lining nests adapted building sticky webs traps web patterns fixed species inheritance effects drugs altering investigation arachnids scorpions interesting earth land animals horseshoe crab crab spite dwells shallow ocean waters changed early arachnid ancestors mites ticks arachnid pests animals evolved simple celled forms complex organisms traits developed consistently higher animals
proteins nutrients body principally built form bulk protoplasm water content proteins organism unique small number amino acids eat beef cow proteins break proteins eaten constituent amino acids body selects amino acids needs recombines form body specific human proteins synthesize proteins properly consume called essential amino acids unable synthesize extra reserves additional non essential amino acids kind organism list essential amino acids unable synthesize number rats ten green plants course synthesize needed amino acids amino acid chemistry affects choice protein foods complete proteins meat eggs milk cottage cheese supply essential amino acids incomplete proteins gelatine corn beans lack essential acids incomplete proteins nutritious combining full assortment essential amino acids proteins expensive foodstuffs lack sufficient high quality protein principal malnutrition vast poverty stricken areas
homeostasis feedback involved satisfying hunger appetite partly inborn partly developed experience eating foods determines want eat hunger determines eat hunger believed result hunger pangs stomach contractions complete removal stomach destroy hunger blood glucose involved low blood glucose level stimulates hunger nerve center brain stem feeling hunger eating raises blood sugar level reduces stimulation hunger center stimulates nearby satiety center actively counteracts feeling hunger feedback occurs blood nerve centers induces eat maintain blood sugar concentrations range cells need experiments show homeostatic role nerve centers electrically stimulating hunger center makes rat overeat enormously fat satiety center stimulated animal refuses eat starves surrounded food mammals birds called warm blooded endothermal accurate term means animals control body temperature warm cold fish amphibians reptiles cold blooded ectothermal control body temperature tends match temperature ectothermal reptile times warmer endothermal mammal let human temperature controlled organs differ heat output
plant seed water sooner later shoot grow soil roots grow leaves turn light flowers open fruits develop fruits leaves fall wondered responses experiments beginning charles darwin son francis shown growth regulating plant hormones control plants nervous endocrine systems tissues produce substances regulate cell growth areas substances sufficiently animal hormones darwins experimented oat seedlings shone light seedlings direction growing shoots bent light dark shoots grew straight experimenters cut tips shoots stopped growing tinfoil cut light shoots grew bend shoots bent lower parts covered leaving tips exposed light clearly tips shoots respond light plant bend darwin summarized son experiments words conclude seedlings freely exposed lateral light influence transmitted upper lower part causing bend tips control growth bending
preparation space travel blindfolded volunteers isolated rooms stimulation cut volunteers lose orientation space concentrate think develop delusions mentally disorganized stream sensations supplies information nervous system needs order function receptors nerve cells specialized receive sensations receptor organs head eyes ears nose tongue large prominent sense organs body small simple inconspicuous specialized receptors contained sense organs traditional senses sensory receptors surface body deep inside chemical sense ability detect substances dissolved water protozoa sponges taste body higher forms taste specialized insects taste legs human beings taste senses sweet sour salty bitter function taste buds clusters epithelial cells located mainly tongue taste buds dendrites sensory neurons taste food depends effect taste bud types chemical sense smell functions specialized epithelial cells sensitive gases snake samples air tongue detects smell inserting tip sensory pockets roof mouth sensory receptors pain fatigued repeated stimulation
sperm cells seen leeuwenhoek hundred later fol watched fertilization taking place questions concerning fertilization remain unanswered sperm cells find egg species fertilization depend random movements sperm sea urchin eggs secrete substance attracts sperm increases activity human sperm travel inches hour insufficiently active sperm infertility finding ways sperm active enable childless couples children human egg ovulation protective coverings noncellular layer outer layer cells derived follicle sperm penetrate coverings spaniard working yale found enzyme sperm dissolves intercellular cement outer covering determine sperm penetrate covering low sperm counts sterility insufficient enzyme produced interestingly pathogenic bacteria enzyme penetrate tissues fertilization sperm egg forms fertilization membrane keeps sperm entering formation function membrane area interest raising human eggs tissue culture early embryonic stages method investigate problems discovered mammalian sperm cells fertilize egg undergo physiological chemical process called capacitation takes hours takes place female reproductive tract
johann mendel bright country lad graduation entered monastery austrian czech town brunn ordained priest gregor university vienna training high school science teacher failed final examinations returned brunn substitute teacher fine according students taught conducted monastery garden experiments earn honored place biology election post abbot ended teaching scientific died loved priest forgotten scientist experiments successful efforts deal heredity baby arrives family friends look resemblances father mother baby resembles heredity deals resemblances related organisms differences variations mendel bred bees mice hawk weeds investigations dealt garden peas read local natural history society report experimentation report fell flat published society journal mendel copies leading german botanists mendel ahead report sixteen death mendel finally recognized simultaneously leading biologists de correns tschermak rediscovered mendel forgotten report provided foundation field genetics scientific study heredity
chromosomes determine sex tell women glance chromosomes produce effects ways weeks sex developing human embryo distinguished reproductive system differentiates male female gonad cortex develops functioning ovary medulla forms tubules testis person small vestiges opposite type remain gonads develop stages stage birth age puberty early teens puberty person sexually mature hormones anterior pituitary adrenal cortex gonads control development sex hormones stimulate growth growth spurt adolescence hormone output rising sex hormones secondary sex differences differences males females directly reproduction girls delicate skin distribution hair lighter bones broader hips softer muscles lower red blood cell count distribution fat tissue feminine curves earlier growth spurt adolescence distinctive features sex differences exist levels chromosomal primary involving reproductive organs hormonal secondary involving nonreproductive parts body human heredity mechanisms operate studied organisms details human genetics fruit flies bread molds
transmit disease germs passed infected person uninfected contact direct indirect help stop indirect transmission food water health departments inspect eating places water supplies contagious diseases smallpox slight contact veneral diseases syphilis gonorrhea contact mucous membranes blood transfusions indirectly transmit malaria hepatitis mononucleosis syphilis blood donations routinely tested syphilis hepatitis insects principal disease transmitting group animals arachnids mites ticks transmit rickettsias small pathogens outbreaks rocky mountain fever typhus fevers malaria carried insects called widespread major disease caused species parasitic protozoa live blood apes reproductive cycle parasites days patient fever french physician laveran identified parasites blood ronald ross british surgeon india showed anopheles mosquito transmits disease centuries contracted disease treated quinine bark south american cinchona tree war ii ddt widely successfully destroy malaria carrying mosquitoes synthetic medicine atabrine replaced natural quinine triumph soon natural selection mosquitoes developed resistance ddt
farmlands principal resources farmers raising crops food fiber products land kinds farms subsistence farmers raise crops family commercial farmers sell produce buy food town specialize livestock fruit general diversified farms raise dairy cattle mixed field crops wheat hay truck vegetable crops kind farm depends kind soil stands farmers regulate amount water soil irrigating dry draining fields wet mulch dried plants spread surface helps retain water water leaches soil carrying dissolved minerals farmers test soil texture ph test content clay sand water minerals organic matter missing minerals supplied commercial fertilizer mixture nitrate phosphate potassium sources minerals manure green manure crops weeds plowed nitrates supplied planting legume clover nitrogen fixing bacteria leaching left soil sour acidic lime added form crushed limestone raise crops farmers till soil plow cultivator roller process mixes aerates breaks soil kills weeds conserves water
pesticides harmful heavily pesticide soon ineffective destroying susceptible organisms selection resistant resistant insect populations sprung insecticide extensively roadside weeds form beautiful varied community spraying pesticide ragweed chance flourish weed bare soil mixed vegetation spray ragweed ddt especially harmful decomposers easily break accumulates soil water atmosphere spreads air comes fallout found seals penguins antarctic insecticide applied persistence ddt concentrated food chain crustaceans ddt algae feed fish birds higher food chain greater concentrations sweden mother milk found ddt concentration permitted commercial cow milk ddt harms animals insects soil kills valuable earthworms exterminated bald eagle interfering calcium metabolism birds lay soft shelled eggs babies hatch rachel carson book silent spring caused uproar pointed harmful effects pesticides united states sweden countries banned ddt general
jim didn want school school family moved city big school town jim knew knew find friends big school knew jim walked slowly school cars swished past horns tooted engines roared policeman whistled tires squealed noisy strange jim liked country sounds birds singing wind trees cow calling calf walked schoolyard boys girls ran past laughing talking talked jim didn door saw hall filled hurrying room ask help jim looked friendly face noisy crowd hey tried stop boys boys talking loudly didn hear tried ask teacher hurrying past tell hall jim felt lost lonesome don thought don found room crowded afraid couldn find place sit sat room looked listened
joey climbed basement steps heavy bike belonged older brother jim joey bike puffed stairs bumping bike step walk stood minutes breathing hard wheeled snow kitchen door kicked wet snow shoes kitchen mother putting freshly baked doughnuts white paper sacks half dozen doughnuts mom smiling proudly boy wasn heavy mother answered start loading dark eyes bright filled arms sacks doughnuts put carefully basket bike don mother don want drop dirty snow ruin careful joey mother looked sure want honey asked dark maybe shouldn yes mom want don worry joey knew doughnuts jim job bed cold today family needed money
slap rope smacked ground jane turn jump girls began sing george washington told lie ran corner bought cherry pie jane felt jumping forever girl turn sprang ran line boys fun playground race playing handball jane saw johnny playing football friends wow ann look jane exclaimed girl front johnny sure kick ball johnny wearing scout uniform gee jane swell club uniform going join brownies joined ann replied proudly troop lots fun jane saw japanese girl wasn standing school fence looked lonely miss lane teacher walked girl talked jane watched jane turn girls shouted jane shook head wait cried look jane pointed girl moved apartment building let ask jump rope don want play
morning jones opened shop sun big farm horse clock call tiny farm horse bought enormous shoes helped oats tell tiny asked jones tall weigh sir bit pounds seventeen hands high help tiny jones smiled parted friends shoes hoofs worker jones jones customer beautiful white circus horse wore gold head band wanted buy gold shoes jones liked princess bites oats carry nanette bare rider circus princess paid gold shoes bought jones smiled parted jones shoes gayest hoofs jones sold aluminum shoes prize winning race horse horse ate oats cool light shoes run faster jones racer smiled parted friends jones rubbed hands shoes fastest feet happily
wondered scared feeling gripped lost cold air cut sharp knife late road decided rubbed stiff cold hands dropped wood ground sat large fallen tree trunk tom thought father think decided stay carpenter house won look morning tom wished hear pleasant sound hammers pounding tell carpenter house put head hands tired couldn stay animals woods find tom looked signal thought wanted cry let saw large branch covered white bark knew maybe try tom began pulling white bark branch pulled picked wood tom took path dropping pieces white bark walked tom looked white bark showed path
terry stood help told bus driver bus driver looked hard suppose set flares showed terry handle opened closed heavy door told terry stay door open minute returned added minutes wake turn lights honk minutes plenty gas let motor run don let bus terry gulped let door swing partly open driver stepped storm terry couldn snow shut door began count counted sixty sixty seconds minute started count sixty watching flare light counted eighty realized past sixty tried subtract counting realized going lose track bus wake tiny baby began cry fat shouted driver driver lady stood waved umbrella let squeaked terry stood front door counting put fingers ears counted loud hundred thirty
days passed forest began look brown eyes mother forest changed days ago green red yellow brown gold yes brown eyes beauty forest soon winter coming mother whitetail winter mother asked brown eyes mother whitetail answered winter cold ground covered white snow snow hard food snow hard food winter brown eyes looked mother whitetail dangers winter mother winter dangers replied night stream drink large deer big antlers stood short guarding drinking place look brown eyes mother whitetail father stay winter safe days later air grew cold snow began fall father whitetail stayed mother whitetail brown eyes winter deer trying find food snow heard cries wolf cries closer suddenly father whitetail noticed wolves coming mother deer fawns
bear cub opened eyes sun birds started sing maykwa reached poked sister sepa gave cry surprise soon running woods maykwa racing black bear cubs begun game tag maykwa playful spirit summer morning sister tried catch drop ground poor sepa fall lucky slide soft ferns fall hard tree trunk sharp stones sepa give angry cuff maykwa climb tall tree sepa jump waited tree sit fat haunches wait safe place nearby maykwa begin game mother bear woke gave bark cubs running breakfast maykwa sepa nursed short months didn need rich bear milk interested food chew cubs mother cool stream short mountain home morning maykwa wanted play wanted eat
alfie happy lovable saint bernard master thought dog certainly biggest alfie puppy growing growing growing proper saint bernards mother spend deal telling wonderful stories told grandparents grandparents grandparents lived side ocean country called switzerland alfie mother told tall mountains switzerland tall tops stretch clouds covered snow mountains known alps high highest alps place called hospice saint bernard hospice place travelers tired hungry trouble rest feel ready start road called shelter exactly hospice saint bernard lived kind spent lives helping sheltering re re called monks house hospice known monastery ago monks found lots crossing mountain lost deep snow caught storms swept steep slopes
early fine bright spring morning tank ka started hidden valley foothills climbed top small hill look valley eyes opened wide amazement saw white buffalo calf exclaimed felt heart pounding dropped hands knees crawled shiny black nose tiny eyes baby buffalo calf feeding valley tank ka heard hunters talk white buffaloes crow tribe believed owner soft white buffalo robe lucky killed battle oldest seen white tank ka want white killed decided tell grandmother buffalo white calf exclaimed hunters hunt white robe white mine cried tank ka found want killed secret safe grandmother understanding watch white hunters lead buffaloes hunters kill rest spring tank ka watched white
thanksgiving betsy older sister prudence left home father mother church girls wanted church father decided snow deep father took gun opened door fire going turkey roasting doors closed doors tightly closed enemy indians forest nearby father carry gun outdoors betsy prudence seen enemy indians indians knew red squirrel tribe friendly helpful white red squirrel friendly indians moved ago white lived forest wish church betsy sighed seen indian betsy prudence wouldn want indian forest kind tomahawks red squirrel wasn kind betsy indians red squirrel prudence let look turkey turkey roasting pole set fireplace fire dear prudence suddenly looking fire need wood storeroom
tunnel bigger stood level stone tunnel curved heads limits light amazed thing stood thought house low narrow house glass metal wondered chosen live deep earth saw stood wide ditch running alongside level wheels wheels rested metal bars kind fair travel tunnel run hundred miles underground buried city wonders greater city walked found carriage joined carriage counted past carriage mouth smaller tunnel empty lines ran lost carriage ended windows looking ahead inside seat levers instruments place attach horses horses pulling underground answered beanpole staring greedily strange instruments looked inside carriages parts sides open step seats clutter things
twenty fourth august dawned hot sultry lived pompeii herculaneum stabiae yawned stretched reason believe cities crater volcano vesuvius belched familiar cloud black smoke drifted slowly sea carried gentle salt breeze women talked discussing latest word court rome commenting newest goods arrive alexandria suddenly cities shuddered force violent explosion top vesuvius burst open hurling mushroom smoke rose sky creation nuclear scientist smoke rolled face sun turning dusk hurried ask protection household gods herculaneum stood coast shadow vesuvius terrifying avalanche mud volcanic ash water bowling town filled gutters rose doorsteps houses shops flowed rooms terrified women children splashed mire seeking safety thought found thick mud rose higher higher pouring windows cascading sloping tiled roofs courtyards burying path pompeii scene city lay south side mountain farther
case re wondering pebble puppy clear story pebble puppy young rock hound rock hounds spend spare collecting rocks turn galena tourmaline collecting stamps butterflies excited chunk rare fluorite stamp collector uncanceled pony express butterfly collector lepidopterous rareasheckticus don try looking dictionary weekly meeting clubhouse built shirley sanchez house curtain pulled window shining ultraviolet light rocks put dullest looking gray stones ultraviolet light glow rainbow colors breath shirley looking piece tremolite traded club boy sighed look greenish color throws let rest marty cohen parktown pebble puppies jumping excitement latest addition collection rare mineral specimens standing corner waiting turn grabbed elbow ronny shirley listen listened heard noise door spy
class teacher ms parker consuela tamayo moved family mexico city speaks spanish english let feel welcome whisper side room reached consuela ears swallow tomato kind matter seconds entire classroom buzzing look swallowed tomato swallow tomato consuela grew red fruit discussed children class laughed harder harder took minutes ms parker calm apologized class showed consuela seat consuela brother manuel couldn concentrate minutes consuela thought saying knew wrong school consuela concentrated hours map united states hanging barely taking eyes sure looked teacher ms parker call start class laughing consuela didn want look classmates mean horrible wanted disappear fly mexico city school night supper tamayo told family job mrs tamayo talked excitedly spanish lessons giving
fall damp damp london open window basement laboratory st mary hospital drifted leaves dust things hospital bacteriologist dr alexander fleming washing culture plates spoiled molds air studying plates article writing staphylococci tough germs boils blood poisoning culture plates staphylococcic bacteria ruined molds accidents bother dr fleming expected times turned faucet glancing ruined plates took closer look funny staring plate culture plate strange sight groups staphylococci alive outer edges mold bacteria disappeared mind reasonably perceptive paid attention fleming wrote later remembering paid attention washing plate mold looked dr fleming simmered part mold broth weeks small amount fluid named penicillin began put penicillin test alexander fleming looking able destroy deadly germs war learned strong chemicals fight bacteria dangerous
maggie marmelstein running thad smith president sixth grade debate candidates begin days debate maggie received note mail sixth grade needs maggie marmelstein fatal disease room full fleas elephant sneeze wart nose rip clothes spike bed hole head note signed friend maggie knew friend immediately suspected tamara spy thad thad sending note especially hurt thad friends read debate want election turns read book marjorie weinman sharmat called maggie marmelstein president book tell noah maggie campaign manager girls boys mentioned debate bell sounded school auditorium debate sixth grade wanted debate walk maggie noah ellen walked maggie noah stage chairs maggie sat outer chair noah sat thad henry sat chairs
holding bowl wine brought odysseus stepped forward hiding fear polyphemus spoke friendly fashion drink mighty cyclops taste wine rest lost ship polyphemus tasted wine drank gulp laughed delight cave shook ho rare drink tasted give rest tell thank odysseus poured wine polyphemus drank odysseus ask cyclops noman give promise wine noman polyphemus eaten spoke head drooped wits clouded wine sank heavily floor lay prone stretched length cavern eye shut fell asleep odysseus quickly took stake hiding place crew lifted drove strength eye polyphemus polyphemus rose horrible cry calling fellow giants aid odysseus hid farthest corners cave heard heavy steps cyclopes answer polyphemus call stand cave ails polyphemus
mrs dunn wanted farm country lived city dublin crowded streets noisy carts cobblestones forever looking thin children forever hungry husband promise america save penny possibly buy farm lovely farm chickens cows potatoes smell sweet clover giggle brook door children cathy neil fresh food grow run tumble lovely lovely farm arrived york thousands ireland italy hungary russia moved apartment floor building avenue neighbors named demarco named kandel hello smiled warned dunns warfield terrible horrible landlord mrs dunn felt dublin landlords terrible horrible things familiar quickly task dunn find searching found job hauling coal helped send coal roaring river metal chute basements buildings dunn home night looking lump coal
foot demand condition fire escape landlord inspect premises reasonable hours nearly clock tis reasonable hour mrs dunn let enter madam call police fire department tree fire escape fire hazard let tomorrow shouted warfield chicken chandelier clucked hear mrs dunn sounded cuckoo clock cuckoo cuckoo tis clock nonsense chicken building chickens hens apartments warfield pushed past mrs dunn stormed living room chandelier shouted warfield chandelier paid rent tis chandelier mrs dunn warfield rushed bedroom stared remains farm fire escape fire escape face flushed eyes bulging unbelievable mrs dunn weeds supposed re onions warfield onion onion beneath dirt hope incredible mrs dunn look firetrap chicken visiting neighbors mrs dunn relief
young street fiddler named nicholas musician earned slimmest living night bed heard tapping door asked stock merchant groschen banker begging write serenade grand affairs king inviting play court news bad wait pulled quilt head tapping unlatch door threshold saw black cat white paws white star forehead friend nicholas cool night roaming streets cat graciously thanked fiddler invitation sat stool nicholas saving cup milk heel bread meal offered cat rare cat replied find give food human stranger let cat thank hungry lucky cat nicholas curl fireplace sorry fire re welcome stay cat refused kind favor ask tonight cats hold weekly ball
called occupant words nicholas saw addressed bow slipped jaw slackened lady chamberlain realm stop gaping listen carefully grace ordered majesty commands play court beneath dignity royalty discuss matter fee assure generously rewarded nicholas believe ears fortune soured disaster lady chamberlain named nicholas promised cats despairing nicholas explained predicament grace gave icy stare majesty hear excuse concerning cats choice royal command dare refuse punished insubordination treason mutinous conspiracy lady chamberlain drove leaving nicholas pleading protesting quaking boots clearly thrown royal dungeons rest week poor expected king grenadiers arrive haul word cats ball left corner earlier usual locked chamber midnight heard tapping door thinking cat arriving ahead hurried draw bolt
sun sets sky slowly darkens animals stir awake animals night hours twilight darkness feeding times sleep wake darkness falls listen night hear owl hoots whippoorwill calls frogs toads chorus marshes swamps cricket chirps dry grass rustles mouse scurries field night alive animals moths salamanders cats raccoons skunks porcupines opossums animal night hear bat seldom makes sound human ears hear look carefully overhead summer night insect eating birds rest bats patrol skies wings night bats north america insect eaters hours hunting bat catch eat hundred insects millions millions bats north america places easy bats setting hunt famous carlsbad caverns mexico huge colony mexican free tailed bats makes summer home caves dusk hundreds thousands bats pour cave distance look thick column smoke
small turned face thomas waited look son house thomas looked carefully window opened car door seconds found moist air warm soft feel nice quickly closed door window saw inside grow quiet weeks dreamed house dies drear loomed mist murky sky gray formless huge unnatural crouch side hill high highway dark isolated look set odds living chill passed thomas sighed satisfaction house dies drear mysterious place small think thomas biggest house built thomas think house papa let closer let inside smiling small car highway curved closer house short base hill house sat stream ran parallel highway
took twin hand led button bobbed side side whimpering hurt thomas released let sit veranda facing barren lawn cautiously waved hand button stream cold air coming glanced twins stood air hit face chilly didn carefully hand shaking thomas pushed button pulled jerked happened twins fell tantrums unlike thomas seen kicked legs flailed arms wildly jumped high sat hard screaming tops lungs hurt thomas warned didn touch feared matters worse stood looking eyes darting quiet kids mama papa exactly wanted screaming saw thomas whispered eyes wide scary didn couldn care thomas picked boys balancing hip ghosts pushed button
trees side house walking blackest biggest horse thomas remember seeing maybe huge thought closer horse riding tiny girl sitting straight tall white frilly nightcap head wore red flannel pajamas lace neck sleeves shoes feet sat forward toes clasped horse mane arms folded chest stared distance serene happy notice thomas horse big boy thomas age stronger heavier thomas arm muscles bulged pulled horse tail whoa black loud whisper mean horse let pesty hear pesty stop supper girl paid attention laughed turned horse toes circled lawn big boy pulling horse tail horse didn care soon house steps thomas thomas felt wood button couldn find took eyes girl horse boy
progress solving health problems promoting health individual number health services include private health care physicians dentists private public hospital care private public clinics treatment prevention number diseases disorders services advanced technology infectious diseases controlled higher standards medical practice established resulted decline death rate diseases addition suffering disability number illnesses diminished expectancy average number individual expect live increased advances led problems increased incidence chronic disease contamination environment problems aging fact live maturity means children contributing population explosion ramifications solutions problems rest individual influence health decisions actions decide important health cope problems decisions need accurate scientific health information end president nixon appointed president committee health education basic purpose establish national policy help nation wise decisions concerning solutions health problems
environment live helps determine mental health environmental factors classified physical social physical environment live includes air breathe climate buildings live play traffic drive effect behavior recent studies shown driving heavy traffic hours increase pulse rate blood pressure due increased production adrenalin hormone produced times stress feelings anxiety apprehension noted studies shown seeing frightening trigger increased secretion adrenalin person distraught emotional panicky hysterical adjust changing environments readily colors affect emotions ways shades red orange uneasy uncomfortable feelings soft shades blue green peaceful feeling crowded conditions fast pace living cities related emotional stress poor mental health conversely serenity country mountains conducive mental health cautious making sweeping generalizations regarding physical environment behavior persons instance enjoy city thrive fast living pace persons unhappy quiet country
young adults increasingly aware masculinity femininity grow maturity masculinity femininity static conditions change age determined biological emotional social factors understanding masculinity femininity helps define fulfill successfully male female role process human successful fulfillment male female role directly reflects degree person achieves physical mental emotional social maturity chapter discusses important aspects growing maturity growing means merely growing taller heavier important recognize human development includes physical growth intellectual advancement emotional maturity social responsibility process individual necessarily place orderly fashion individual physical growth spurt aspects development pace physical individual grow ability acquire knowledge physical growth slow word adult fully grown person emphasis size person overlook number important factors involved adult grow mature systems body refined develop greater ability reason solve problems learn acquire socially desirable attitudes values maturation process reflected behavior
food eat energy hand energy eating digesting food estimated balanced diet energy cost eating digesting food approximately percent total intake food basal metabolism muscular activity energy needs calories need consume calories maintain weight remembered estimates energy consumption approximations figures discussion need balance caloric intake energy output readily active person energy inactive person physical activity affect weight maintenance persons regard basal metabolism amount food eaten sleep differed regard activity weights differ persons sat hour daily person walked hour end person sat approximately pounds heavier person walked noted takes calories requirements significant increase weight eat calories need calories approximately doughnuts pieces chocolate candy end gained pounds
neglect oral health affects individuals ages oral health affects teeth gums affect total health oral health depends decisions tooth decay gum diseases prevented applying sound health practices read chapter learn dental problems affect teeth gums total learn research scientists tooth decay prevented diseases supporting structures teeth periodontal diseases discussed addition learn diseases prevented information problems related malocclusion poor alignment teeth presented finally study fluoridation beneficial oral health dental neglect result infections teeth gums jawbone major organs body addition type neglect effect behavior social setting person appearance personality involved things notice person smile teeth unsightly teeth bothered feel uncomfortable result tend avoid teeth neglected similar fashion feel comfortable teeth clean breath pleasant
orthodontists report heredity primary factor contributing malocclusion number circumstances aggravate condition tooth lost prematurely space left properly filled teeth malaligned adjacent teeth tend drift space opposite tooth tends leave socket opposing force hold place children habit pushing tongue forward top front teeth talk swallow person swallows approximately times exert deal pressure upper front teeth period pressure malalignment upper arch orthodontist effectively correct malocclusion habit tongue thrusting broken aid speech therapists needed correct habit treatment orthodontist pressure upper front teeth produced thumb sucking habit continued period malocclusion child stops thumb sucking school age shortly heredity factor malocclusion resulted sucking thumb correct continued thumb sucking lead orthodontic problems addition practice symptom emotional disturbance case services psychologist psychiatrist solve emotional disturbance orthodontic problem corrected
cigarette smoking continues major health problem united states countries evidence conclusive cigarette smoking harmful health persons reject evidence reject studies clearly deaths higher smokers nonsmokers increase lung cancer emphysema parallels increase cigarette smoking deaths smokers increase number cigarettes smoked increases giving smoking reduces danger diseases tobacco smoke serves source pollution irritation person smoke reject evidence think results presented purely statistical circumstantial argue effect relationship smoking disease definitely established addition view increase noted lung cancer diseases due diagnosis casefinding arguments suggest air pollution industry automobile exhaust emissions considering smoke examine evidence intelligent decision based evidence present evidence relationship smoking ill health critical factors kind smoking cigarettes small cigars smoker inhales amount smoked number individual continued habit
general public aware living drug oriented society radio television commercials advertisements media inform drugs help sleep help wake slow pep help lose weight help gain weight implication drug oriented society concept drug related solution problem known humanity problems unaware history recorded experienced pain fear unhappiness disappointment unpleasant feelings play part surprising attempt escape individuals choose acceptable ways escaping problems sleep nature providing rest physical exertion mental activity leave refreshed able cope problems number persons attempt find substitute acceptable ways easing difficulties find drugs partly imitate nature relieving care fatigue total number persons misuse drugs united states known hide dependency drugs doubtful extent problem estimated degree accuracy information deals estimates dependent type drugs morphine heroin
cocaine dangerous drug develop strong desire cocaine unable stop typical physical dependence withdrawal illness drug individuals experience feelings power pleasure exhilaration feelings wear users try recapture taking drug eventually develop dangerous hallucinations assault belief persecuting attack major problem united states cocaine frequently intoxicating drug marijuana create physical dependency individual emotionally dependent drug insatiable desire effects drunk alcohol number varying reactions drunk marijuana display variety behavior remorseful quiet happy gay reckless cautious influence marijuana tend lose sense reality result hallucinations delusions individuals believe perform tasks influence marijuana studies suggest think actually effects marijuana depend strength drug amount person active drug ingredient marijuana called tetrahydrocannabinol shortened thc
today infectious diseases pretty control modern medical technology typhoid fever smallpox diphtheria tuberculosis longer leading death early century today ten leading death chronic illnesses expectancy increased chronic illnesses began replace infectious diseases primary death entire category chronic illnesses referred chronic degenerative illnesses generally raises question add word degenerative answers question found definition chronic illness proposed commission chronic illness national health council impairments deviations normal characteristics permanent leave residual disability caused nonreversible pathological alterations require special training patient rehabilitation expected require period supervision observation care today reflect basic facts infectious diseases control types diseases tend common number older population increases increase expectancy suggests number persons continue grow result expect increase term chronic illness increasingly important public health problem
exact trigger mechanism cell begin growing wild abnormal fashion known progress research produced information forms cancer prevented modern environment presents number cancer hazards addition personal habits customs increase risk acquiring form cancer recent findings suggest possibility forms cancer caused viruses proved definitely research continues area investigation number environmental factors implicated development forms cancer air pollution increased greatly past smoke fumes furnaces open fires incinerators automobiles trucks buses industrial plants modern irritants adversely affect evidence range effects air pollution health largely circumstantial strong indication involved development lung cancer heart disease asthma bronchitis government industry recent concerned instituting control measures reduce quantity irritants air potential problem arisen widespread atomic energy development industrial nuclear reactors atmospheric testing nuclear weapons increased public awareness hazards radiation radioactive fallout known today effect large doses radiation human beings
glaucoma disease chief blindness united states condition results buildup fluids chambers eye increased fluids development excess pressure eye corrected excess pressure gradual loss vision ultimately results destruction optic nerve retina early diagnosis treatment disease help prevent permanent damage symptoms called attention physician include loss side vision seeing colored rings lights intense pain eyes inability adjust dark areas physician administer simple painless diagnostic test glaucoma means instrument tonometer measures pressure eye cataracts disorders characterized cloudiness cornea lens obstructing passage light occur age cataracts congenital present birth due viral infection possibly german measles mother months pregnancy cataracts caused radiation exposure kinds injury diseases eye process aging clouding condition progresses person sight diminishes condition results blindness corrected surgery surgery removal cataracts successful depends skill physician condition eye general health patient
entry level health careers require amount formal education preparation provide young person access career move ahead entry level health jobs pages follow certified laboratory assistant works supervision medical technologist performing simpler laboratory tests procedures graduation accredited high school preferably ability interest science mathematics required admission school approved professional groups preparation includes month course practical technical training graduates pass examination board registry professional association place letters cla ascp names dental assistant primary function assisting dentist chairside includes preparing patient treatment keeping operating field clear mixing filling materials passing instruments duties involve exposing processing ray films sterilizing instruments assisting laboratory ordering supplies handling office records accounts dental schools routinely train dental students effective utilization chairside assistants utilization assistants progressively increased today dentists private practice employ dental assistant traditionally dental assistants trained job dentist employers number institutions offering accredited training programs assistants increasing
dental hygienists receive education college level dental hygiene curriculum includes basic sciences dental sciences liberal arts open high school graduates institution required college training admission program originally dental hygiene programs provided primarily schools dentistry increasing numbers colleges technical schools offering training types college training hygiene student associate degree certificate program qualifies hygienist clinical practice level training required leadership positions teaching public health provided bachelor degree program dental hygiene hygienists completing program qualify graduate training leading master degree related fields environmental protection facilities services increased number complexity need increasing numbers trained technicians aides apparent environmental technicians assist professional personnel carrying elements prevention control service programs including inspections surveys investigations evaluations determine compliance laws regulations obtain samples air food water assist performing tests determine quality samples operate assist operating water purification waste water treatment plants systems solid wastes collection disposal facilities minimum educational requirement environmental technician associate degree environmental health environmental science radiologic technology related areas specialization
transplantation living parts body person accomplished fact today intricate surgical procedures developed permit variety transplants major obstacle success rejection mechanism body tolerant belong body true areas body involve direct supply blood foreign substance enters body elaborate defense mechanisms spring action primary defense mechanisms action white blood cells cells built ability distinguish foreign belongs body foreign attacked rejected reduce action white blood cells today drugs developed suppress action white blood cells drugs pose potential problem body left vulnerable infections white cells handle spite problem progress application drugs achieve success transplanting organs kidney heart transplants failed failure due surgery inability part body function properly organ transplants liver attempted success
nile valley natural resources amazingly fertile soil climate climate suited farming frost free round large proportion sunny days interesting important feature climate prevailing wind deserts bordering nile valley form hot low pressure area drawing winds region mediterranean sea winds blow steadily southward upstream boat upstream wind sail drift downstream wind carried river current fact important ancient egyptians nile pathway travel trade feature egyptian climate importance archeologists dry objects disintegrate fairly quickly damp climates preserved centuries manuscripts papyrus wooden artifacts sorts pieces fabric excellent condition natural resources deposits clay granite sandstone limestone building ancient egyptians needed materials forests furnish lumber copper iron gold precious stones mineral resources egypt developed agricultural economy remained chiefly farming country present finally natural advantage valley location
assyrian king despot autocrat absolute power priest government official took orders responsible responsible god assur earthly representative claimed government assyrian empire cruel harsh highly efficient roads built troops move quickly kings established postal service help army act quickly rebellions governors ruled conquered lands collected heavy taxes regular frequent reports inspectors checked activities conquered areas army occupation army conquered control army consisted paid soldiers mercenaries recruited part conquered peoples paid course conquered peoples assyrians effective system imperial administration government empire empires ancient east modeled fields assyrians contributed civilization religion contained ideas literature art sculpture imitators creators assyrians powerful city nineveh capital gathered splendor wealth spoils taxes conquered countries labor slaves ninevah symbol pride cruelty barbarous
chinese peoples known developed original written language understand peculiarities chinese writing understand characteristics spoken chinese scientists call chinese agglutinative language words formed clinging distinct parts basic chinese words syllable express complicated meaning chinese put simple words word magnet syllable words meaning pull iron stone word syllable keeps original meaning needed give meaning compound word compound meaning collection things named written symbols developed express language likely represent syllables single alphabetic letters chinese writing began pictograms develop ideograms phonograms written characters formed parts sound sign giving clue pronunciation idea sign giving clue meaning chinese developed system writing effective combining signs able invent characters freely system spread eastern asia traditional written language difficult learn character memorized centuries educated chinese characters
able son pepin charles martel meaning charles hammer succeeded father mayor palace moslems invaded france spain read chapter charles martel met cavalry tours poitiers central france defeated drove southward spain frankish victory checked moslem advance western europe removing danger constant menace charles martel died left son pepin iii pepin short large strong kingdom rule pepin title mayor palace wished king fact wrote pope head church west asking opinion pope replied wielded power title assembly franks took throne merovingian king elected pepin king franks later pope traveled france personally crowned pepin king grace god action regarded precedent standard future actions later popes claimed authority install depose kings pope asked pepin help lombards germanic tribe conquered settled valley po river region northern italy called lombardy begun raid conquer central italy threaten city rome
innocent iii pope led papacy height prestige power learned intelligent innocent wrote books law theology christian discipline skillful diplomat greatest statesmen history innocent iii sweeping claims power gregory vii successful enforcing believed supreme clergy temporal rulers believed fact emperors kings merely servants church pope innocent iii claimed settle problems political religious person group advise final decision innocent took part disputes europe free powers excommunication interdict quarrel king john england interdict interdict lifted john pope vassal pay annual tribute rome innocent dominated italy ruler papal states protector lombard league feudal overlord sicily normans seized moslems germany deposed kings installed innocent iii europe practically absolute monarchy ruled pope remain government needed pope superhuman ability energy innocent iii success partly conditions europe favorable claims activities
nationalism increased papal claims authority met opposition popes claimed exclusive appointments church offices demanded clergy exempt national laws taxes question led clash church lay authority philip iv france called philip fair demanded clergy pay taxes national treasury demand aroused pope boniface viii learning culture proud tactless eager power pope created antagonism italy interfering affairs italian city states wars extend territory papal states boniface hesitated antagonize france supported popes german emperors feared taxation clergy national governments weaken independence economic power church boniface moved royal taxation clergy issuing papal bull called clericis laicos ordered clergy pay taxes consent pope philip struck forbidding export gold silver france cutting payments pope boniface modify pronouncement slightly permitted clergy voluntary contributions defense kingdom necessity determined king boniface resumed struggle french king later bull unam sanctam issued stated pope supreme earth spiritual temporal matters
russia independent recall factors tended separate western europe course asian influence mongol domination fact christian nation russia nations western europe western civilization reached russia west constantinople byzantine empire russians converted christianity missionaries constantinople russia religion eastern orthodox roman catholic protestant russia cyrillic alphabet bar communication rest europe roman alphabet geography isolate russia late middle ages early modern times period goods moved sea russia entirely land locked seacoast blocked baltic sea stronger kingdoms sweden poland south ottoman turks held crimean peninsula north shore black sea city constantinople wide plains poland eastern europe lay west russia vast expanses land gave opportunity commercial contacts russia navigable rivers flowed wrong directions ran south caspian sea outlet black sea closed russia turks
bill rights act settlement ended struggle king parliament rule country clear england remained monarchy parliament real ruler means represent house lords restored hereditary nobles higher clergy house commons gradually powerful houses represented small part population gentry middle class businessmen elect members house commons strictly limited workingmen small farmers vote represented fifty parliament continued gain importance real power government england organization institutions characteristic english government today gradually emerged william orange king william iii england knew cared domestic problems england interests lay checking vast ambitions louis xiv france continent europe free handle foreign affairs william willing allow deal domestic issues system governing nation developed centuries group advisers met english monarch discuss government problems ways solving
directory encourage leadership french army continuing war britain austria sardinia provided opportunities able military leaders saw rapid rise young general suppression paris uprising permitted directory established napoleon bonaparte born italian parents mediterranean island corsica french possession youth attended military school france graduated artillery officer served revolutionary armies general age twenty read defended national convention rioting parisians put command french army fighting northern italy austrians piedmontese piedmont region kingdom sardinia napoleon short vain domineering overwhelmingly ambitious superb organizer administrator political military affairs military genius ranks generals especially skillful rapid movement troops massing forces critical points battlefield techniques gave superiority older slower army tactics opponents napoleon quickly showed ability italy french army small weak poorly equipped weeks organized inspired forced sardinians peace
constitution united states ratified nation consisted thirteen states atlantic coast additional territories stretched westward mississippi river population totaled million lived farming communities eastern part country young nation born europe turmoil americans wanted stay european affairs develop nation peace successfully hundred territory united states grew times original size population increased million united states ready place nations read european powers expanded overseas set colonies united states contrast expanded overland continent north america governing territories gained expansion united states differed significantly european governments nation determined expand acquiring colonies usual sense word read northwest ordinance provided northwest territory divided states admitted union basis equality existing states provided orderly expansion natural movement democratic ideas territories revolutionary war clear american remain clustered atlantic seaboard
capture bengal british government uneasy thought commercial company controlling lives millions indian british government assumed appoint company highest official called governor general practical purposes company free earn profits officials troops chose british east india company dealing left mogul empire employing indians company positions late change lasting effects british government appointed lord cornwallis defeat yorktown american revolution governor general india cornwallis actions clean widespread corruption company employees purpose created governing civil service company officials forbidden part company commercial activities believing indian employees responsible corruption cornwallis ordered indians excluded important company positions indian resentment discrimination festered british drawn deeper quicksands indian political rivalries official policy wavered general tendency early british east india company extend power areas strong indian states engaged constant jealous rivalries warfare
united states occupied puerto rico established protectorate cuba dealing areas spanish colonies known independence columbus united states supported revolution panama gained panama canal zone interfering affairs columbia independent governing nation interference occurred times dominican republic controlled dictators decades fell complete anarchy early nation owed total million dollars united states european countries european countries threatened force collect money owed president roosevelt intervened united states objected happenings western hemisphere monroe doctrine early added fear strong european power foothold caribbean region threaten panama canal sea lanes leading united states adopted policy latin america president roosevelt annual message congress included passage latin america statement known roosevelt corollary monroe doctrine natural consequence earlier announcement roosevelt situation threatened independence country western hemisphere united states act international police power prevent foreign country stepping
joseph stalin soviet dictator died case dictatorships power struggle occurred russian government stalin death gradually nikita khrushchev emerged head soviet communist party march khrushchev outmaneuvered rivals premier soviet foreign policy shifted stalin death times violently western times soviet leaders spoke desire peaceful coexistence harmony east west general trend threatening stalin atmosphere cold war continued cold war marked chiefly strained relations superpowers soviet union united states nations held opposing views political economic social organization struggled influence parts late early side prepared abandon basic beliefs feel interests served negotiations confrontations cold war gradually gave period detente relaxation international tensions stalin death west urged leaders test soviet desire peaceful coexistence hoped leaders major powers meet face face general agreement reached meetings known summit conferences highest officials participating country present
libya gained independence constitutional monarchy king idris tribal leader country mainly desert fertile coastal strip olives dates citrus fruits wheat barley grown beginning late discovery development oil fields began overshadow agriculture libya economy country fourth largest oil producer libyan income taxes foreign oil companies reached billion dollars annually libya growing oil prosperity brought progress education higher standard living libyan peoples wealth oil increased corruption allowed families government officials rich inequities distribution wealth contributed instability result political unrest seventy king idris turkey group young libyans overthrew government announced formation libyan republic change government libya raised important questions future western watched anxiously libya important oil contracts united states west germany military agreements britain united states government promised respect rights foreign oil companies honor libya existing treaty obligations government pressure libyan students close foreign military bases foreign economic interests play active part arab struggle israel
latin america consisted democratic dictatorial governments countries small groups overthrew democratic governments especially election results displeased took groups called juntas consisted military officers closely allied conservative landholders businessmen support encouragement juntas united states accused helping overthrow liberal government guatemala claimed communist military group took government dominican republic liberal popularly elected president revolt later broke leftwing forces united states troops negotiations election held conservative elected president united states widely criticized cases passing organization american states united nations helping overthrow legitimate governments defenders replied oas asked act refused united states allow communist government strategically located country overthrow latin american government need help brazilian army rebelled leftist oriented government took set tightly organized rule censorship purge elected legislative bodies torture political prisoners held power ten later uruguay praised democratic government fell military junta
sheet metalworker makes repairs things stoves furnace pipes furnaces ventilators signs eave troughs metal roofs ceilings metal doors windows metal furniture lockers automobile airplane bodies sheet metal factory buildings ships sheet metalworker rivet solder read blueprints high school trade school education sheet metalworker geometry drafting patterns trade takes learn spring fall busy seasons outdoor factory steady noisy times danger falling high places cut sharp edges metal sheet metalworker guard lead poisoning caused solder lead tin sheet metalworker tinsmith trades closely related steam fitter measures cuts fits connects pipes pipe fittings steam hot water heating systems read blueprints weld dirty times requires heavy lifting young high school trade school education takes learn trade steam fitter pipe fitter plumber trades closely related seen steel frames form skeletons large buildings skyscrapers
working drawing view shows outline shape object seen side show object completely views objects view views drawn working drawing cylinder needs views front view top view front view end view cylinder lies side fig objects need views front view top view end side view help draw views imagine object glass box views drawn front top end box box unfolded views correct positions dimensions valuable part working drawing give size object dimension lines dimensions drawn fig draw narrow arrowheads touch extension lines extend object show distances dimensions dimensions read bottom side sheet drafting rooms dimensions read bottom sheet figs fractions horizontal line dimensions inches inch marks omitted
laying marking lines circles arcs metal surfaces called layout transferring information working drawing metal surfaces show workman machine bench metal cut ways laying metal making mechanical drawing paper tools making drawing metal layout tools making mechanical drawing lines scratched cut slightly metal descriptions layout tools sections follow layout tools unit trades auto mechanic bench mechanic diemaker diesinker gage maker inspector layout machine operator machinist metal patternmaker ornamental ironmaker toolmaker blacksmith coppersmith sheet metalworker trades unit surface plate large iron plate flat surface cut machine carefully ground scraped surface plate expensive tool bench foundation table rests gages tools lay shown figs surface plate handled care finished surface nicked scratched
basic oxygen process called bop process similar bessemer process making steel rapidly replacing bessemer process steelmaking industry basic oxygen furnace steel process similarities differences bop bessemer processes understood studying figs bop process pure oxygen blown molten iron lance enters top furnace bessemer process air composed oxygen nitrogen blown molten metal bottom bop process pure oxygen creates heat burns impurities molten iron rapidly atmospheric air steel bop process high quality pure oxygen burn impurities molten iron nitrogen makes steel brittle enter process chemical specifications steel controlled accurately bop process rapid making steel furnace type shown fig produces tons steel hour furnace tilted side charging molten iron scrap charged mouth tilted upright position pure oxygen blown furnace high pressure burning impurities
metals added pure aluminum improve physical properties industry hundreds varieties aluminum alloys formed alloying elements ways tempering hardening metal tensile strength aluminum alloys range pounds square inch aluminum association adopted standard alloy designation system table typical alloys compared soft hardened steel number digit identifies major alloying element follows pure aluminum copper manganese silicon magnesium magnesium silicon zinc elements special main alloying metals refer footnote showing composition alloy digits technical meanings omitted part number hyphen temper designation alloy soft workable number pure aluminum naturally soft ductile resistant chemical attack alloys form commonly hammering shaping maximum strength needed gradually hardened worked happens annealed heating temperature heat blue carpenters chalk turns whitish allow heated aluminum air cool slowly number structural machining applications
kerosine known coal oil light oil obtained petroleum lamps lighting fuel jet engines heating especially cleaning greasy dirty machine parts kerosine lubricant cutting hard metals naphtha obtained petroleum cleaning especially washing dirty greasy machine parts naphtha explosive mixed air benzine obtained petroleum cleaning explosive mixed air lucricating oil machine oil obtained petroleum oil rubbing surfaces called bearing surfaces machinery stiffness thickness viscosity measured length seconds standard amount oil determined temperatures flow hole stiff thick oil drips slowly medium heavy oil general machine oiling saybolt universal viscosity rating seconds called type thinner oil rating reservoirs lathe spindles called spindle oil type bed lubricant heavy oil seconds sliding surfaces cams lathe beds gear lubricant gears running oil reduce gear noise cylinder oil motor oil thick oil obtained petroleum
riveting fastening pieces metal material rivets rivets hold pieces permanently rivet put holes pieces fastened rivets solid hollow tubular form small end solid rivets hammered form head hollow rivets clinched small end special riveting tool kinds rivets fastening pieces metal nonmetallic materials leather plastic fiber canvas fastened rivets special kinds rivets fastening materials unit principally concerned kinds rivets riveting procedures riveting metals metal fastening jobs riveted welded true structural steel products bridges steel frames large buildings riveting widely fastening metals nonmetallic materials rivets fastening metals easily welded welding practical rivets welding cases heat required welding reduce strength metal warp severely fasten aluminum sheetmetal construction aircraft small boats aluminum products modern manufacturing plants riveting rapidly economically special riveting tools machines
pipes tubes carry electric wires water gas air steam liquids gases place home carry water gas steam electric wires automobile carry gasoline oil water shop stair railings guards railings machines common pipe wrought iron steel galvanized iron pipe coated zinc lead pipe lead pipe carry electric wires called conduit seamless pipe solid block steel joint seam pipe fitting means measuring cutting fitting putting pipes pipe fittings person fits pipe called pipe fitter plumber installs repairs water pipes sinks bathtubs steam fitter installs pipes fittings steam heating gas fitter installs gas stoves gas heaters gas meters electrician installs pipes called conduit inside electric wires auto mechanic repairs gasoline oil tubing automobiles buses trucks tractors airplane mechanic repairs gasoline oil tubing airplanes pipe fitting tools making repairs automobile home farm mechanic times pipe fitting home car shop regular ago robert briggs standardized sizes pipe briggs pipe standard called american standard united states
sheet steel generally thicknesses designated decimal equivalents inch gage numbers plate steel fractional thicknesses generally sheet metalwork making stove furnace pipes furnaces ventilators metal roofs metal ceilings metal signs automobile airplane bodies boats metal furniture refrigerators kitchenware sheet metal wood things sheet metal farm home offices shops sheet metalwork sheet metal steel galvanized steel copper brass zinc aluminum tinplate knowledge sheet metalwork trades person works sheet metal sheet metalworker tinsmith tinner makes cans pans pots pails coppersmith makes kettles tanks boilers copper machinist need guards machines belts makes shims toolmaker diemaker diesinker gages templates sheet metal auto mechanic bumps dents bodies fenders automobiles makes shims knowing sheet metalwork help repairs home repairs furnace roof eave troughs automobile kitchenware toys articles sheet metal beginner learn deal making ash trays tool trays cans measuring liquids dust pans small planters
baker makes muffins cup cakes pours batter muffin pan round forms called molds spelled moulds makes waffles mold ice cubes formed molds form shape melted metal poured object shape mold molds shaping melted metal sand metal plaster molds shaping mold material full size model shape casting model called pattern patterns models wood metal wax plaster paris wood patterns mahogany wood hard easy shape sawing planing carving sanding fine smooth surface finished pattern metal metal pattern lasts longer keeps shape material wax pattern cutting wax thin warm knife plaster paris pattern mixing water plaster paris powder paste paste formed desired rough shape leaving extra finishing hard finished scraping sanding smooth surface solid pattern piece split pattern halves
melted metal poured mold reached proper temperature solidify completely filled mold cavity happens metal poured cold likely happen molds thin small sections melted metal flow fill mold hand metal heated proper temperature heat wasted mold likely damaged metal poured metal dangerous handle proper temperature pour metal called pouring temperature pouring temperature depends kind metal shape mold molds poured molds poured melted metal hot molds cold mold mold poured cold freeze mold wasted pouring temperature metal terms superheat degrees superheat superheat number degrees melting temperature aluminum melts poured mold reaches superheat ladle transfer melted metal furnace mold pour melted metal mold
grinding wheel dull loaded shape dressed trued dressing means sharpen wheel truing means cut wheel high spots wheel running wheel trued mounting wear goggles dressing truing grinding wheel dressing truing moving carbo dresser diamond dresser face wheel shown fig moving tool rest wheel clamping tightly pressing huntington dresser grinding wheel shown fig huntington dresser pair lips hook tool rest support guide dresser tool rest wheel dresser dragged gap grinding wheel tool rest break wheel accident ask teacher show set tool rest dresser moved steadily face wheel appearance sparks huntington dresser shows teeth dresser cutters ground prevent press harder face wheel sparks dresser correctly wear goggles grinding grind guarded wheel dressed trued
workpiece mounted milling machine vise vise properly aligned generally stationary jaw vise angles face machine column parallel face column operations stationary vise jaw parallel machined face column alignment vise universal milling machine checked table swiveled parallel face column checked placing wide parallel bar column table feed table transversely column hand squeezes parallel lightly column table parallel light show parallel table parallel column greater accuracy dial indicator determine table parallel face column correct alignment swivel table angle squareness vise column checked placing blade steel square stationary jaw vise place beam square machined surface column greater accuracy dial indicator clamped machine arbor indicator plunger stationary vise jaw table fed transversely crosswise handfeeding
grinding machining operation removes fine metal chips workpiece revolving grinding wheel grinding wheel sharp abrasive grains grinding wheel revolves high speed rubs workpiece tiny metallic chips removed workpiece heat due friction grinding chips red hot sparks immediately leaving workpiece cooled immediately air grinding wheels remove metallic chips metal manner metal chips removed lathe tool saw blade milling cutter machines perform grinding operations called grinding machines kinds grinding machines generally named according kinds grinding operations perform surface grinding machines cylindrical grinding machines cutter tool grinding machines kinds grinding machines standard machines perform wide variety grinding operations grinding machines special design perform kinds grinding operations grinding operations classified headings precision nonprecision depending purpose nonprecision grinding involves removal metal removed require accuracy close tolerances examples include jobs grinding cold chisels center punches rough grinding workpieces nonprecision grinding generally pedestal grinder types shown figs
automated machines systems process information form simple automatic heating system requires comparison input information desired temperature setting output information existing temperature offices schools banks industrial plants electronic computers processing mathematical information kinds data computers complex systems storing data memory store vast amounts facts figures information numerical alphabetical symbolic form instructed programed properly capable solving complex problems businesses electronic computers accounting bookkeeping tasks keeping records customer payments calculating employee wages printing checks recording bank deposits withdrawals engineers computers mathematical calculations required designing roads bridges buildings dams scientists computers making calculations launching controlling space vehicles industrial plants computers control materials machines complete manufacturing systems electronic computer stores numbers letters symbolic data receives numbers instructions manipulates numbers perform calculations transmits numbers results number codes letters words wide computer processing numerical information application computer control operation machine logical development industry dimensions numbers instructions coded numbers numbers numerical data control operation production machines processes called numerical control
marcella lay sofa watched rain beat windowpanes bored finished reading library books cassy sister taking care mother dentist napping wasn television marcella felt watching marcella stretched arms legs yawned wouldn boring talk phone limits answering taking messages kitchen fix snack opened refrigerator door phone rang marcella lifted receiver hello mama sick sobbed child frightened voice marcella frowned mama sick child repeated mama marcella heart began pound mama floor marcella asked silence end line don hang marcella begged silently repeated question bobby child shouted bang marcella realized bobby dropped phone bobby marcella called knew late waited toying idea running street mrs robbins couldn risk bobby coming hanging suddenly crack thunder rent sky marcella saw lightning flash watched listened raging storm shuddered crackling static line
skeleton skeleton bones linked skeleton couldn stand couldn sit lie ground rag doll skeletons support give shape bodies protect ribcage protects important organs heart lungs animals skeletons inside bodies animals skeletons called vertebrates backbones spines bones called vertebrae animals backbones known invertebrates jellyfish snails insects belong group let look animal skeletons guess read try figure skeletons alike ribcages leg bones skeleton snake simple vertebrae backbone notice pair ribs attached vertebra tail end snake pairs ribs skeleton looks light strong supports powerful muscles help snake glide rocks slither trees snake lower jaws separated front stretchy material called ligament connects bones live snake ligament parts jaw move enabling snake swallow animal wide body
afternoon nomusa sat kraal entrance eagerly waiting older brother mdingi return pasture cows nomusa knew important cows family cows provide milk money father chief zitu bought things neighboring kraal sadly nomusa recalled father words asked join mdingi pasture older sons allowed herd cattle explained nomusa accepted father words longed small kraal seeing shadow length ground nomusa knew growing late happened mdingi suddenly nomusa saw returning cow kraal entrance filed cattlefold mdingi walking slowly look brother face told nomusa wrong yo mdingi called happened mdingi nervously looked sure couldn overheard nyawuza lost nomusa knew nyawuza valuable cow gave milk calves healthy nomusa remember nyawuza part family lost return kraal mdingi began whistled cows
wondered books let look parts moccasins marvels put inside book sections paper folded half sewn fold section called signature signatures sewn glued part book called spine book signature side side inside spine sheets book called endsheets heavier colored decorated paper endsheets glued front covers book attach signatures covers cover book referred case case pieces cardboard covered protective paper putting parts book called bookbinding today books bound machine bind book hand instructions pages show book presented parts making case making signature putting book part separately book case need sheet colorful decorated paper wallpaper shelf paper wrapping paper pieces cardboard white glue glue brush newspaper pencil scissors piece typing paper
afternoon sophia returned garden spoke counselor ok free jenny delighted garden suddenly sophia worried course show jenny heard sophia thought fingers need help june july sophia helped jenny weed stake water picked ripe vegetables ate girls worked sophia told jenny neighborhood lived buses subways skyscrapers block parties organized friend liang stickball games street live chinatown sophia chinatown jenny asked chinese american section city sophia chinese american stores restaurants streets narrow low buildings warm summer evenings continued windows open hear women homes playing mah jong game play tiles walk street hear clicking tiles music hear jenny days flew suddenly jenny leave camp girls saying bye don want sophia
angie mrs mullin appaloosa happy buy pony pinto appaloosa gregg terribly expensive mom angie groaned don want horse special lady belle colt angie eyes sparkled thought beautiful colt born weeks ago gregg farm mom perfect white dark red spots sorry angie mother firmly afford dear angie blinked hard hold tears guess re gregg want lot money break put coat picked lunch box mom door passed gregg farm school angie knew horse pinto place appaloosa colt paused pasture gate horse frolicking kicking heels sweet grass mine angie thought care whistled colt stopped pricked ears angie laughed realized late school lingered longer
living boston lived small wooden house north street love lane revere gold silver smith wife deborah daughter deborah young son paul revere born busy boston paul revere turn busiest found hear say places learn hours fifteen father died paul took silversmithing business beads rings lockets bracelets buttons medals pitchers teapots spoons sugar baskets cups ewers porringers shoe buckles candlesticks silver collar pet squirrel extra money took job ringing bells christ church moment notice word bells rung paul run hat clapped head coattails flying paul married sarah orne began filling house children find ways money engraved portraits produced bookplates sold pictures picture frames brought hymnbooks dentist artificial teeth paul revere advertised fixes manner ornament real speaking eating
ago japan lived famous wrestler capital city wrestle emperor strode road legs thick trunks small trees walking hours walk getting tired autumn sky cold watery blue air chilly small bright sun trees roadside glowed red orange wrestler hummed swing legs wind blew thin brown robe wore sword side felt proud needed sword darkest loneliest places icy air body reminded tailors able expensive warm clothes broad tall felt wrestler strong healthy conceited soft roar fast moving water trees told passing riverbank louder loved sound voice wanted sound clearly rushing water thought call forever mountain strong wrestler big fine brave modest say saw girl river steadied bucket head
katie house cool shadowy morning sun walls thick katie mother closed inside shutters sun sue wanted play dolls katie didn care dolls saw aunt emily cat lulu curled chair parlor dolls let dress lulu doll clothes katie suggested ride doll buggy lulu laid ears katie picked looks sort grouchy sue doubtfully try lulu struggling girls decided carry sue house doll clothes bring lulu wouldn katie put cat room shut door mother called house don open door room cat shut mother answered girls ran street sue house sue picked biggest doll dresses lulu fat fluffy cat katie house opened bedroom door sign lulu mother opened door dad upstairs trying write morning katie sue hunted furniture cat katie stood middle room sighed exasperation
figured composition ruined weekend couldn write figured write couldn figure write putting think quality going write suddenly sunday night don understand mother watching sitting dining room table staring blank sheet loose leaf paper weekend leave minute asked nastily looking pointedly book writing uh lesson plan flustered apple fall tree father remarked turning television daughter mother began glaring father cooking cleaning cetera cetera lesson plans months advance anyway closed book satisfied snap finished watching interview charlotte holland mother settled couch wrote sins silver city mother glanced father looked um vicky don think room won able concentrate tv
say days city addis ababa young arha boy country gurage city servant rich merchant haptom hasei haptom hasei rich owned money buy bored tired knew cold night damp wind blowing plateau haptom called arha bring wood fire arha finished haptom began talk cold stand speaking wonder stand highest peak mount sululta coldest winds blow entire night blankets clothing die don arha wouldn foolish thing gain foolish thing spend night haptom willing bet couldn sure courageous stand naked mount sululta entire night die arha affair bet tell haptom sure bet anyway stand rocks mount sululta entire night food water clothing blankets fire die give ten acres farmland house cattle
morning sunlight streaked dusty window bearskin kitchen susan blinked eyes lifted head soft folds indian blanket floor faded green room father strange table holding clock mother light matches white square stove chicago tiny particles dust swirled eyes wondered going sick today brick school stretched street children needles pine tree father smiled shook clock hour beginning school susan jumped reached dress hung nail door began shake wrinkles winced slid bare feet heavy school shoes father slowly drank cup water stood school susan job start grocery store lump disappeared susan throat swallowed fry bread father school frightening reached school shrill bell rang hundreds boys girls ran direction melted lines streamed doors
told teacher foster owned ox team claim stay town winter sherwood street teacher house miss garland thanked rapped ruler desk attention school dismissed bring wraps entry put stove laura carrie stay bring wraps entry freezing cold snow blowing rough boards walls laura chilled snatch coat hood nail found carrie carried armful schoolhouse crowded stove put wraps fastened snugly cap garland smile teacher brother oldest boys school blue eyes narrowed mouth set straight foster talked laura wrapped muffler snugly carrie white face took firm hold mittened hand told carrie don worry follow foster taking teacher arm close opened door led miss garland mary power minnie took beardsley girls ben arthur closely laura carrie blinding snow cap shut door
april baseball stadium atlanta georgia fans held breath pitcher wound bat waited quietly suddenly ball flew pitcher hand spun plate strength precision batter swung ball soared left center field fence batter stop watch ball headed base calmly dropping bat times stadium watched ball seconds began cheering wildly running bases henry aaron person hit home run henry aaron hank called born february mobile alabama according ted blunt friend henry hung ted friends watching play baseball begging carry ted glove ten henry spending hours playing ball field home parents home spend hitting soda pop bottle caps backyard friends henry hits according mother team sure turn
happened prue adam place adam yes exactly quickly cold ran stairs carpets family moved adam prue bedroom end hall things order rug floor ordinary bedroom children ran bedside hump pillow hollow pink bedspread adam put hand hollow warm told told prue exactly dent pillow warmth put hand sun today adam prue sun couldn pick small spot shine leave rest bed cold round told prue kind warmth cat leaves curled asleep bed prue breakfast cleaned teeth hour ago cat window open crack top cold night found door shut
soil rock planet moon form outer surface lithosphere lithosphere total rock mass planet moon look photograph earth green areas continents vegetation grass forest jungle occurs plants grow surface earth simple plants grow underground caves mines plants grow surface waters lake bottoms deep ocean kelp forests found ocean water coast california kelp largest marine plants smallest green plants single celled plants float oceans present tremendous numbers food tiny marine animals animals live earth birds live water land bacteria fungi live land atmosphere surface earth zone earth called biosphere real layer earth biosphere includes living things deepest mines oceans atmosphere planet water lakes rivers oceans soil rock makes hydrosphere ice caps glaciers part hydrosphere actually fourths earth surface covered water sphere biosphere hydrosphere fairly thin compared size lithosphere
likely solid iodine turns purple gas special conditions heated iodine turn liquid directly solid gas heat makes iodine change solid gas gaseous substance exists solid liquid known vapor notice large volume iodine vapor produced small volume solid iodine iodine solid vapor vaporize hotplate suppose place solid iodine stoppered test tube leave observe iodine vapor tube heat needed vaporize solid comes surroundings comes air iodine iodine vapor cooled return solid noticed solid iodine melt heated turns directly gaseous pure liquid iodine prepared conditions brown liquid iodine antiseptic solution dissolving solid iodine alcohol appears heat matter heat involved let investigate change follow part heat plays
suppose chunk mineral want identify attractive specimen chemical test properties specimen destroying properties observed changing chemical substance physical properties substance color luster streak hardness specific gravity crystal shape physical properties observe mineral specimen color variety beauty colors minerals characteristics desirable collector items color important clue identity mineral minerals chemical exist colors naturally occurring substances varying amounts impurities substance mineral specific color fluorite green white blue violet colors depending impurities mixed calcium fluoride mainly fluorite consists identify fluorite color minerals metals copper color reliable guide identity luster mineral shiny appearance surface reflects light mirrors substance shiny luster dark opaque minerals graphite galena iron pyrite metallic luster
map ocean floor north atlantic region appears pages study map observe kind groove mid atlantic ridge groove steep walled valley runs top ridge valley kilometers wide meters mountain tops side account valley attempt answer question scientists considered theories origin continents ocean floor discussion theory continental drift theory continents originally joined past broke slowly drifted theory continental drift idea continents relative position distance developed detail alfred wegener germany studying map aware shapes coastlines continents bordering atlantic ocean fit pieces jigsaw puzzle wegener knew fossils closely related plants animals found southern continents wegener believed separation drifting continents past explained similar fossils found continents separated vast areas ocean water
mighty mountain range beginning shallow sea coast continent sediment removed land piles kind depression trough bottom shallow sea trough earth crust known geosyncline goes sediment falls geosyncline geosyncline parallel shore hundreds kilometers gradually sinks thousands meters sediment pile pressure sediment top helps turn lower layers sedimentary rock sediment meters thick important change takes place according theory pressure sides horizontal compression pushes sedimentary rock geosyncline effect pressure rocks kind breaking known faulting solid rock subjected pressure period fault hand rock pushed shape breaking rock buckle fold pressure side geosyncline produces folding faulting geosyncline gradually elevated bottom geosyncline pushes hotter part earth crust region high temperature sedimentary rock pressure change metamorphic rock
observations water falls ground run surface sink expect proportions vary nature ground water sinking soil soon encounters think solid rock rock solid porous riddled tiny cavities sandstone cavities form network tiny tunnels water enter porous rock flow rate flow pretty slow course materials sandstone gravel water passes readily permeable part water falls earth surface makes permeable rock layers impermeable layers beneath impermeable rock layers water pass shale igneous metamorphic rock water collects permeable rock layers known ground water ground water tends collect bottom layer fills holes water saturates rock level saturation begins called water table water table pores rock lined thin film water air fills rest space drilled water bearing rock reach water table water height water table varies amount water rock
plants food fruits vegetables sold fresh markets freezing preserving cans plant foods growing season food produced plants fed animals meat animals eaten sheep goats pigs cattle chickens provide meat eat milk cattle goats food cheese plant foods plants protected provide ongoing food supply plant growing land covered streets buildings plants grow produce food water pollution increases water plants grow fish die lack oxygen green plants called producers directly indirectly produce food eat produce oxygen breathe chlorophyll plants enables convert energy light water carbon dioxide sugar oxygen produced plant sugar food humans starch protein fat oil addition eating plant food directly humans feed plants animals turn humans eat animals humans animals breathe oxygen produced plants humans animals breathe carbon dioxide plants carbon dioxide photosynthesis chain going breathe oxygen give carbon dioxide
rosa mealworms class supply length wondered age thought mealworms color alike ways number segments moving body parts rosa list likenesses differences mealworms tell putting identification marks rosa found lighter color moved fast backing spot segment rosa diary mealworms noted changed resting stage resting stage called pupa rosa watched pupas changed weighed pupa balance noticed pupas gain weight hoped dead soon saw pupas change beetles rosa records notebook mealworm pupa pupa beetle beetle changed color rosa hard couldn tell beetles study closely maybe differences couldn knew alike members species members species characteristics common
animals live groups group individuals species live helping meet needs group called society society organized individuals live animals live societies called social sociable animals human family society community society province society nation society animals sociable animals animals independent independent animals live small groups hand animals sociable live large groups called communities ants kind insect ants live communities community insects called colony colonies ants live continents antarctica communities ant colonies organized member ant colony special job ant colony queen ant queen ant lay eggs produce ants queen ant larger ants worker ants bring food colony worker ants strong worker ant carry object times weight worker ants hungry find eat try hard bring colony food big move easily worker ants don give
skull sits top backbone skull holds brain eyes ears nose mouth skull single bone bones fitted jigsaw puzzle birth skull bones fastened skull bones soft makes brain grow brain grows skull bones grow larger skull bones grow slowly harden skull fully grown serves hard protective shell brain look side view skull face hang front skull upper teeth level bottom skull important bones human skeleton bones arms legs arms legs known limbs necklace bones supports arms feel clavicles front neck ends clavicles clavicles attached flat bone called sternum sternum joins ribs front scapulas attached muscles ribs chicken skeleton clavicles form arms wishbone tugging wishbone want grapple clavicles
human senses sight hearing smell taste touch experience bodies comes senses places bodies receive sensory input called sense organs eye ear nose tongue skin sense organs complex sense organ eye look eye classmates classmate cover eyes seconds uncover eyes quickly watch black center eyes black center pupil eye window light travels retina image form light strikes clear cornea protects eye pupil controls amount light lens pupil size smaller light bright larger light dim happens muscles iris pupil contract relax iris part eye color lens magnify objects invert images means lens makes images bigger turns upside noticed movie film fed projector upside lenses projector invert images film images screen side lens human eye inverts images
nutrients ready carried parts body blood blood goes body moved pump heart pump moves blood pushes blood separate parts body side heart pumps blood lungs blood comes left side heart left side heart pushes blood entire body blood comes side heart blood leaves heart thick walled tubes called arteries blood pushed hard returns heart veins veins thinner walls arteries valves veins blood going proper direction blood carry deliver nutrients blood leaving left side heart moves large artery artery branches smaller smaller arteries arteries divide smallest blood vessels called capillaries small particles matter pass capillary cell walls particles small filtered blood carries digestion turns food small particles carried blood system parts body blood delivers sugar liver liver stores sugar body need extra energy later
fall house finished house small wilderness small trees looked sarah father tall john thomas horse stood looked house big fireplace promised warm winter days nights house john noble beautiful house sarah live mother brothers sisters father answer looked tall john tall john nodded sarah father took hands looked eyes sarah brave brave mother children stay stay afraid sarah heard say afraid word loud lost courage sarah noble afraid brave courage father need afraid dry eyes sarah tall john family care mean sarah understanding words mean live indians
janey sat quietly listened ma pa decided move mountains land free ma explained find place stay neighbors ma janey asked janey ma didn answer sure care shoes ma leave winter want sure don barefoot tears eyes kissed janey bye janey watched folks leave pa walked ahead ma sat ox cart wearing black bonnet janey saw family things bulging cover cart cow lump formed janey throat didn say didn cry janey night felt worse neighbor lady fixed small mattress loft kitchen bed janey lay wide awake strange neighbor lady lying mattress nearby began snore janey felt lump throat want ma pa thought want ma pa felt dress slipped climbed loft tiptoed door pulled latch bright moon janey
janey ma pa month traveling hundred miles mountains oxen slow road uphill full mud met drove hogs large wait nearly hogs pass young sow found lying road worth wait let ma guess pa die leave brought food oxen cow night janey dig roots look berries feed sow janey didn mind weather warm climb mountains enjoyable country spread blue golden distance soon weather began feel sharp janey warm riding load slipping feet feather bed camp janey look berries colder colder wished times remembered shoes small village mountains pa thought try land days left janey ma village pleased look hitched oxen harness wooden yokes
azor sat minding business thought father told pirate joe pond bet bottom pond covered pennies father ago pirate joe holiday ate cake drank root beer night women danced pitched pennies holiday course didn win angry tossed pennies water pretty soon matthew jimmer hauled turtles pond put box sat ate lunches drank bottles root beer jingoes matthew turtles dollar seventy cents afternoon afternoon jimmer billy crew won stay afternoon talking azor water threw bread crumbs midafternoon brought turtles didn bring azor stretched stomach examined turtles box big turtle smaller rest tiny heads paws drawn shells pointed tails wrapped bottoms
learned nature animal raccoon car keys carried tall tree john started climb tree remembered raccoons especially carry food water swish jean put pan outdoors table started splashing water tree raced raccoon keys teeth bounced table dropped water splashed water pan raccoon seventeen needed raccoons feel thing give raccoons comfort home late night find raccoon pets bed heads pillow covers pulled quietly sleeping dwarfs able tame visitors handle making wildness weasel chased john evening hoping bite running fast john lead weasel pleased driving saw running yard called weasel follow dog animals happy home unusual reasons screech owl perch turntable record player waiting turn sending spinning
pepper moon young boy lived china thing wanted dog pepper moon asked dog family threw hands pepper moon don ask dog dog jump tear shoes knock china flowerpots pepper moon family orderly house place dog pepper moon pets goldfish lily pool small creatures hide morning terrible thing happened orderly house news spread kitchen maids courtyard courtyard mistress found mouse sewing box mouse aunts girl cousins shivered sewing box grandmother cried putting teacup thump grandmother called ivory cane uncles aunts marched lily pool courtyard pets grandmother declared pepper moon put mice sewing box pepper moon mouse snails teacups grandmother pepper moon snails inside teacup frog father shoe grandmother continued frog didn mean father shoe pepper moon explained
enjoy living country home school lunch rest school midafternoon answer yes enjoy living mexico warm parts mexico school business closes twelve clock afternoon sun hotter called siesta rest neighbors mexico mexico united states share mile border south california mexico arizona texas stepped mexico dress language language spanish mexico spanish rule mile border thing united states mexico share gear cowboy united states mexico words cowboys mexico rodeo lasso bronco corral spanish words word ranch comes spanish word rancho heard word fiesta spanish word means festival fiesta mexico dress national costume charro suit costume dark blue black pants gold silver buttons border
young swahili boy named kimba walked father jungle trail city father kimba carried load head big reed basket kimba head held twenty crows eggs city sell eggs pennies apiece kimba rich gift able buy chief kimba father ohalla carried spear hand head carried box filled animal figures carved wood sell buyer small shop city brisk jungle breeze swept trail elephant grass rustled palm trees shook leaves puff blow gust wind set kimba basket rocking gently head stopped held breath basket blows kimba thought taking basket head matter cared eggs carried heads kimba stopped brisk breeze wobbled basket father ahead sight kimba hurried caught stopped gasped wasn sudden breeze stop ahead rustled tangled grass looked thick rope creeping
thaddeus neighborhood house school felt draw crayons finger paints play ping pong fun days felt days missed going thursday afternoon andrews sing songs guitar songs happy sad children sang andrews thaddeus mouth sing loud listen want miss hearing single boom andrews deep voice guitar waited sang sang thaddeus thought songs heard mamma goes mamma goes mamma goes thaddeus wished wished guitar guitar wonderful sounds singing andrews guitar let voice boom children crowded andrews boy don children looked thaddeus thaddeus looked andrews talking
john lived stone house bottom tall lighthouse frog island island named ship distance looked big frog sitting quietly water john father lighthouse keeper job big light blinking night afternoon john walking island suddenly heard seal bark ahead john hurried rocky shore sound stepped sand beach smallest seal john seen hello john patting furry brown head seal looked john helplessly john leave lost mother john didn thing seals thing took frightened baby arms carried home lighthouse john opened door tiptoed found mother looked let squeal father dropped book asked john father small won able eat john felt sure father wrong rushed string fish caught morning brought seal baby sniffed fish father carried seal water
albert feed john spend enjoying albert smart seal john thought able teach tricks john knew seal learn balance ball nose albert learn john started rubber ball threw seal albert quickly reached nose snapped ball mouth swallowed gulp father mother laughed john clapped hands albert thought pretty sat clapped front flippers excited albert learned clap hands john big plastic beach ball held albert nose air put ball top sure albert soon balance ball nose john pleased albert tricks soon albert learned evening father enjoying bath suddenly john mother heard shout stop say stop john mother ran bathroom father sitting bathtub albert father smacking nose washcloth straw bath father glared albert mother laughed hard didn strength lift albert
written secret message put watertight bottle tossed waves tim williams middle ocean tossed bottle overboard ship note inside bottle put atlantic ocean midway france york city person finds bottle return note tim williams western drive ann arbor michigan tell note found thank tim williams months later tim received letter boy france alain sargos found tim bottle beach terrible storm alain wrote tim letter picture beach marked picture show spot found bottle boys written letters telling families boys hope meet someday choose send note bottle reason christopher columbus sailing spain tell king queen discovered ship storm columbus afraid crew lost sea news reach spain wrote report discovered
brahmin brahmin gentle kind treats beasts brothers deal brahmins story brahmin walking country road tiger shut strong iron cage brother brahmin tiger let thirsty water cage brother tiger brahmin let spring eat brother brahmin tiger ungrateful thing let drink water brother brahmin brahmin unlocked door let tiger moment cage tiger sprang brahmin eat brother tiger cried brahmin promised fair eat set free cage tiger free eat poor brahmin wept begged tiger agreed wait ask meet fair eat brahmin
eagle lower live high air harm stone young rob nest shoot arrows cruel let tiger eat brahmin tiger sprang brahmin eat brother tiger ask cried brahmin growled tiger hungry saw alligator lying mud river edge brother alligator brahmin fair tiger eat let cage lie mud harmless dove alligator grunted hunt sees throws stones pokes sharp sticks worthless lot let tiger eat brahmin tiger bound eat brahmin brahmin begged wait asked finally tiger walked met jackal brother jackal brahmin think fair tiger eat set free terrible cage
stood roadside brahmin tiger asked jackal cage course roared tiger beg pardon brother tiger jackal stupid understand happened cage inside cage stood tiger leaping cage head shoulder thank thank jackal makes clearer don understand forgive slow mind door shut cried tiger beg pardon jackal slow understand things show exactly door works sure understand shut shuts brahmin pushing door yes don lock jackal door lock locks brahmin shut bolted door jackal exclaimed brother brahmin locked advise let stay locked friend tiger wait find let
ago lived full strange sights smells sounds walked earth knew looked fear wonder oceans roar anger sky darken clouds question asked started place earth fed clothed gave shelter greek poet orpheus read later answer orpheus beginning spelled capital thought god body millions brought chaos confusion chaos huge dark space filled rain told chaos spin millions dark space spinning swirling rainstorm spin faster faster faster ordered rain spun faster changed enormous egg suddenly shell egg cracked egg broke halves earth heavens yolk egg turned love connecting earth heavens ancient peoples stories beginning earth
greeks story trip sky sad tale daedalus icarus daedalus famous greek inventor greeks smart daedalus smartest maybe smart rate king grew worried daedalus king didn smarter soldiers arrest inventor daedalus wasn put ordinary jail prisoner island sea greece daedalus allowed son icarus months passed grew homesick island prison bars walls king ordered boat searched left island escape daedalus sat looking ocean watching sea gulls fly low water called son icarus escape land sea air left gather feathers find string wax fasten wings fly greece icarus couldn believe ears wings cried mean fly air birds thought gods times replied father try gods trying
thought strange persephone couldn mind leaving underworld hard think wanted return earth realize persephone interesting queen dead marriage pluto persephone learned young named orpheus earth thousands young trip underworld orpheus famous alive orpheus sweetest singer known famous bottom underworld top mount olympus played lyre musical instrument guitar orpheus sang stood listen women animals birds rocks trees charmed soft sweet tones orpheus length appeared persephone pluto hard journey left marks tired body hollow cheeks persephone thought journey hard eyes look sad deeper wound speaking orpheus started play lyre began sing sad story sang pluto unhappy orpheus girl named eurydice hit cupid arrows
city troy magnificent ancient built high hill looked sea protected enemy greece strong walls towers white stone gleamed sunlight palace king troy known empire building today ancient dreamed seeing troy died greeks dreamed seeing troy dreamed conquering days brave ulysses small greek kingdoms joined form large army soldiers sailed sea troy terrible war lost lives ten fighting greeks won slaves trojans troy called greeks filled stomachs trojan food pockets trojan gold loaded carry boats home destroyed things couldn carry finally set sail greece wind filled sails greek soldiers sang songs joy beaten trojans slaves riches small boats float low water returning heroes cities greece soon greeting parades games dancing streets thought adventures lay waiting home
small boat holding ulysses sailed ithaca eye blue water families place called home escape hot sun restless waves ate food water wet inside mouth sailed hoping land worst thing lack water strange water ulysses knew sea water salty drink thirsty salt ill passed burning sun strange things ithaca blind hours began strange wonderful sights thought saw friendly green islands front boat saw big meals floating air eyes food looked real tried eat disappeared finally greeks saw real water boat changing blue green means water shallow ulysses watch carefully
days lived beautiful young princess beautiful psyche comfortable slept poster sheets richest red satin snap fingers palace clown laugh ate meals silver plate drank golden cup psyche happy princesses psyche born problems maybe psyche problem strange beautiful beautiful boys dare speak spoke turned red stared shoes backed silly smiles sisters pretty disliked looking boys turned stare psyche street minded getting annoying crowd stood palace waiting king psyche knew differently times put ear window heard talking temple venus worship beauty ask creature beautiful goddess beauty real red blood true psyche wondered
pied piper hamelin strange story things happen strange piper strange kind character pied piper famous called hero story hero loves story william tell comes switzerland small country south germany rats pouring hamelin swiss troubles wasn rats troubled swiss soldiers austria country switzerland conquered emperor austria swiss proud gave emperor austria peace army move rushing switzerland put small wars finally austrian emperor decided show swiss exactly ruled switzerland cruel named gessler rule switzerland iron hand gessler hard ruler passed town salute refused salute cold damp prison gessler wanted salute wasn hats pole soldiers sure hat saluted swiss legend tells proud giant named william tell tell walked home hills market town altorf
beautiful country poland runs winding river called vistula bank river ago stood stone house large strange dark green moss covered tree shaded walls windows side river field brown grass ran water edge sides window holes filled stones window looked pleasant green fields lawn full weeds tall grass grew stones front walk walk house lived evil eye casimir house village farmers neighborhood stayed sight big stone house walked miles order look strange tales told lived bad luck casimir looked happy eyes harm bad mood hardship sickness follow glances fell grass windows refused grow boats running trouble part river seen casimir house
lived russia rich farmer sons oldest son clever father wise son head shoulders youngest son igor foolish young lived father believed place place farm died things sons agree clever son decided brothers oldest ivanovs farm belongs animals belong split plan simple put animals barnyard open barnyard gates brothers jump shout whistle frightened animals run barnyard brother animals ran gate older brothers saw smallest gate igor narrow gate meant animals didn igor received young bull felt sad looked brothers fine animals
ago hills north china lived named chang fu yen chinese poor living food grow small field chang planted garlic tiny field land plant cared separately weed grew chang garlic patch ground dry carried water stream mile summer watched garlic grow knew garlic bring high price garlic ready pull ground chang began worry robber night garlic stolen chang worked hard months wanted chances built shack middle field night sat shack watched robbers robbers chang stayed awake nights eyes red body thin decided robbers neighborhood garlic safe thought spend night sleeping home chang night sleep morning returned field found garlic plant pulled earth carried
ago lived china emperor millions obey orders riches land emperor interested thing palace crowded works art artists studios soldiers army corner room stood silver statue painted screens covered wall pictures screens painted brushes single hair emperor loved bells bell art bell thought greatest thing bells look alike bells sounded alike shapes sizes metals emperor thought bells statues covered figures women bell art speak emperor tell guests paintings statues eye bell ear bell voice spirit soul summer emperor called bell maker named fang tung fang tung bells stood tall emperor bells larger emperor thumbnail
monkeys grandfathers human beings eat bananas live trees answers questions say yes say africa answer believed monkeys thought happened days monkeys lived africa king named bahanga ruled ancient country bandimba find bandimba map heard map days bandimba king bahanga knew land king climbed huge mountain center bandimba reached top turn slowly say mine king bahanga lived wisely ruled pick bananas grown bandimba spent days large log palace love wives thing bahanga wanted didn son children girls finally bahanga ruled wives gave birth son bahango happy gave bandima week vacation happy prince bahang boy called grew quickly taller stronger boys age
owner quilt ago show visitors uneven stitches anne rutledge lincoln sat side anne clear ringing voice sang lincoln liked hear sing fact liked soon saw falling love love thought falling deeply love falling bottom found coming edge tried stop needed think late soon fell love anne asked bride anne say yes heart mind war heart yes marry lincoln want mind promised wait mcnamar days battle lincoln asking answer anne knew tell couldn mind fight inside started strength began grow weak anne answer finally yes marry lincoln write mcnamar soon news mcnamar engagement broken tell going marry abraham lincoln
lincoln arrived anne bedside door closed left happened meeting known dying girl guess left unsaid lincoln unhappy left house friends worried going mind days later anne fell asleep died august saddest hour lincoln speaking death grave heart lies buried anne death lincoln sad lose interest spent days walking woods friends feared try lincoln fear later dared carry pocket knife lincoln friends started watch carefully tried cheer sadness grew worse finally house friends bowlin green kind lived mile south town hidden hills lincoln stayed weeks care bowlin green slowly salem law books
george owner hatchet liked hatchet going chopping father garden tried hatchet beautiful young cherry tree forgot moment tree father favorite pieces bark fell hatchet cut deeply wood morning father saw happened house anger asked killed cherry tree traded tree hundred dollars tell soon george hatchet appeared george father killed cherry tree yonder garden tough question george looked shoes moment quickly knew say looked father sweet face youth eyes bright charm conquering truth bravely cried tell lie pa tell lie cut hatchet run arms dearest boy cried father joy run arms glad george killed tree paid thousand times
re real artist real artist real artist friend words racing mind dared word think thing knew happy kind father felt happy clerk accountant artist true looked language language words express thoughts ideas feelings love dreams wanted singer cantor synagogue violinist fiddlers played sweet sad melodies town artist known heard understood drawing class geometry drawing interested school spent rest staring window dreaming seeing things painter show things haunted flowers oil lamps soft eyed cows flickering candles village fiddlers rabbis peasants re real artist mother say father uncles aunts jews village paid strict attention commandment thou shalt thee graven images likeness thing water beneath earth
banneker forty ellicott brothers john joseph andrew moved patapsco valley millers father andrew english quaker migrated bucks county pennsylvania joseph banneker clock received deal attention ellicotts lifelong friends banneker helped ways arrival marked turning point career farmers part maryland grew tobacco ellicott brothers encouraged farmers grow wheat claimed bigger market grain ellicott flour mills thrived prosperous community called ellicott mills developed chartered interested banneker mills machinery ground wheat flour studied learning worked ellicotts impressed fine mills entertained home visited farm found interests george ellicott banneker closest friend banneker visiting friend home george ellicott offered lend books astronomy banneker delighted ready return farm books george ellicott soon help tables instruments appreciate banneker george ellicott called unexpectedly business
christmas aunt left house bought tree presents brother christmas sad empty remember expected father worked rooms boarders mother food shopping farther farther neighborhood sign dangerously close rock bottom happened hated signs poverty bills regular grocer butcher unpaid mother dared seen stores afraid doorways yell walk ten twelve blocks neighborhood tell grocer butcher moved false address corner credit eat father found rooms rented pay grocer butcher later unpaid mother walking twenty blocks bottle milk course christmas question barely staying alive
play hookey school wiltwyck office papanek saw feeling kind bad tell stories told don think gonna stay street papanek longer don think christmas streets knew believed trying act didn acting jovial claude re pessimistic boy wiltwyck stay streets boy ready home york city school system society york claude brown looking feeling trying believed going gauge belief believing smile felt conscious smiling thought funny crazy didn feel couldn afford person wanted wanted stay papanek wanted wanted stay streets
arliss wasn mess grown big cabin practice trying catch living thing ran flew jumped crawled night mama let bed arliss empty pockets captured generally tangled mess grasshoppers worms bugs tree lizards brought horned toad mad swelled round flat mexican tortilla bled eyes stuff young bird fallen nest fly green speckled spring frog striped water snake turned pocket wadded baby copperhead nearly threw mama spasms figure snake bitten mama took chances snakes switched arliss hard catching snake spend week taking teaching throw rocks kill snakes arliss mama wanted kill snakes kill didn sticking pockets captured snakes stinking mama called empty pockets dead
nervous whispers passed listeners akron church sojourner truth appeared aisle thin body topped floppy sunbonnet covered white turban told turning abolitionist meeting audience woman rights convention included midwestern housewives began think stayed home empty seat left church sojourner straight pulpit planted step sat silent listener elbows resting knees chin broad calloused palms shadow sunbonnet deep eyes studied faces audience intermission moved quietly selling narrative hours passed sojourner noticed bolder women beginning speak firmly timid wondering place sight sojourner quietly watching pulpit timid women constant nervous flutter ran chairman mrs gage don let negro woman speak ruin newspaper land mixed abolition utterly denounced frances gage fighter slavery married felt slavery woman rights replied soothingly comes
million ago dinosaurs rulers land kinds fossils formed days scientists tell earth wet warm swamps seas tall fernlike trees smaller plants birds half gliding half flying air dinosaurs ornitholestes means bird stealer knows slender fast moving dinosaur caught birds ornitholestes fingers tipped sharp claws easy imagine snatching birds flew close remains ornitholestes found wyoming dinosaurs ornitholestes lived parts kind dinosaur common earth warm climate lush plant dinosaurs plentiful kinds dinosaurs developed spread corners earth newcomers stegosaurus covered lizard stegosaurus twenty feet short stout legs teeth suited grinding leaves plant food stegosaurus known twenty tough plates sticking plates protected attacks meat eating dinosaurs stegosaurus weapon foot spikes end tail lives foolish dinosaurs ended slap tail stegosaurus
waiting entrance sam waved confident ability handle prisoner help took climbed walked car swung rear door open ordered negro climbed submitted protest sam seized upper arm piloted police station sam walked properly exactly pictures manuals studied told powerful left arm controlled prisoner hand resting instantly ready police automatic sam regretted picture moment night desk pointed silently office chief gillespie sam nodded steered door knocked gillespie loud voice echoed door sam turned knob hand pushed opening waited gillespie desk chief pretending busy papers laid pen holding stared hard prisoner full twenty seconds sam prisoner reaction dare turn head look fear breaking spell gillespie demanded suddenly question lips shot negro astonished sam speaking calm unhurried voice
john henry steel big oak strong bull say worked mississippi real john henry railroad story told ballads sung roanoke altoona boy sat father knee east virginny father john henry son yo re gonna steel negro boy smiled father eyes nodded looked ahead big ben tunnel road gonna end civil war fought slaves set free united states began grow spreading atlantic pacific chopping trees clearing farms digging ditches blasting tunnels building houses farms factories bridges railroads trying room spite prophecy john henry railroads grew early jobs belonged crew laid track hundred yards finish foreman looked valley saw express heading sixty miles hour sun shining engineer eyes failed flags signaling stop ten minutes express train hit unfinished track
small boat holding ulysses sailed ithaca escape hot sun restless waves ate food water wet inside mouth sailed hoping land passed burning sun strange things ithaca blind hours began strange wonderful sights thought saw friendly green islands front boat saw big meals floating air eyes food looked real tried eat disappeared finally greeks saw real water boat changing blue green means water shallow ulysses watch carefully nearing land ulysses night island working dark pulled boat beach idea didn matter sleep dry land morning awakened cried joy island close stream bubbled green hills wild goats dotted hillside tears soon tears sorrow
standing front bank eighth intersection streetcar line side cincinnati met eighth place noise grime slept dozed liked eighth night filled clatter clanged honked shouted forever full cry cable car railroad cable car depot foot mountain passengers rode streetcars town cable car house paid cents gave transfer rickety passenger car read newspapers read cable pulled car hundred fifty feet tracks homes mountain side eighth beautiful intersection didn cure hiccups pretend raymond re cable car watched rise hill slowly tracks pretend raymond cable broke wide eyed pretend hurtling tracks runaway million miles hour re sitting eating candy waiting awful crash paused dramatically pretend crashes shouted tried hard peering hiccuped grimly ran street going asked reached side looked hate george
fritz sandoz wizard repairing kind clock peter perkins friends shop feet alley peter walked opened door knock fritz deaf speak due accident young swiss army door special lock turned knob times times left opened peter knew combination walked dark room called fritz fritz voice roared ear huge hands grabbed helpless baby peter perkins dragged room clock hospital lights blazed brightly caught killer deep voice ear returning scene crime peter perkins blinked eyes adjusted front saw detective sergeant magrue local police force bending floor feet foot fine grandfather clock clocks shapes sizes fritz sandoz collected shock horror peter perkins saw bending friend fritz knew doubt fritz dead
times stop kid grow step shave wear pants father job happens happens guess don stop feeling kid feels lots things maybe afterward grandpop thing letting wear suit thing wear graduation hell kids thought knowing didn feel wonderful suit wonderful grandpop raised head looked eyes bright hard clouded shoulders slumped leaned cane neal reckon find wear comes felt terrible wearing suit kind cold sick inside going wear graduation night dress rehearsal tuesday afternoon
ma suit cleaned pressed night supper put suit shined shoes father let white shirts necktie leave asked wanted planned attend graduation needed fifteen block walk stop let grandpop looked dressed suit figured father put arm shoulder neal luck things bad think re going didn think knew talking didn say grandpop fixing supper looked nodded glow eyes wait minute neal bedroom gold watch chain knew watch twenty jewel railroad watch unscrew cover pull lever side set hands watch wore felt crying didn want going leave neal grandpop
told didn swimming trunks extra pair lend size curtain kids talked going school nudged ribs slapped guys flipped hands kind salute grinned friendly feel asbaugh miss harmann sort shrugged going miss harmann busy settling curtain sat feeling warm stand march offstage forgotten suit curtain stand sight audience heart began pound hard barely hear names called flickering front eyes happened guess understand soon stepped curtain sight audience funny kind stillness hear miss harmann voice real clear breathing rows folding chairs fellow front diploma line
major drainage basins empire drainage basin area water flows single exit hudson basin rivers streams flow hudson including hudson river flows river called tributary hudson river tributaries form hudson basin map page shows areas drained basin need large map north america trace paths waters basin leave york school map notice waters enter atlantic widely separated places basin drains larger section half lake ontario smaller part lake erie belongs york lake ontario smallest lakes miles miles wide area square miles surface lake ontario feet sea level lake feet deep deepest point niagara river carries vast quantity water lake erie lake ontario niagara miles water drops feet lake erie lake ontario niagara falls known waterfall river divided sections goat island
central mexico complicated history large basin present mexico city city teotihuacan grew pyramids buildings covered area miles miles wide citizens raised corn food irrigating lowland lake teotihuacan collapsed due crop failure today visit pyramid sun size largest pyramid egypt cities rose fell tribe later known aztecs settled inland basin homes swampy island lake texcoco site today mexico city aztecs claimed chosen sun god rule tribes ruthlessly obeyed command waging war neighbors north south built large city called tenochtitlan received fresh water aqueduct city double london tenochtitlan beautiful place canals floating gardens aztecs rivals believed human sacrifice sacrifices sun god rise morning victims lashed targets shot full arrows darts dripping blood fertilize earth children sacrificed rain god tlaloc victims burned alive celebrate august heat harvest
women children spent clearing surrounded dense dark forest center village numbered families persons villages grew thousand villages permanent settlements chiefs decided move variety reasons crops failed soil worn streams fished game scarce piles rubbish nuisance iroquois constructed stockade pointed logs surround villages give added protection sudden attack dug trench wall built edge steep slope settlement number large houses feet feet wide feet high longhouse room carving bear wolf turtle clan lived longhouse roofs curved supported bent saplings shingled elm bark holes feet let smoke escape directly holes fires women cooked food side longhouse small compartments feet feet home fireside family father mother children compartments rested wooden platforms foot damp ground
church played small role colony compared important position puritan clergymen massachusetts roman catholic priests quebec dutch fairly easygoing liked taverns governor twiller notorious drinker governor kieft respect clergyman cannon shot drums beaten church services west india company dutch reformed church felt responsible religious welfare clergymen serve settlers worked indians attempting convert christianity clergy interested schools helped establish governor stuyvesant approved education gave support secondary school result efforts dutch reformed church firmly established hudson valley british conquered netherland amsterdam grew southern tip manhattan waterfront skyline buildings looked cities holland houses walls fort fallen soon built walls official offices government power governor brick house barracks soldiers company storehouses jail dutch reformed church
iron industry growing business blast furnaces forges england wales colonists produced seventh iron british parliament prohibited colonists making steel finished products law enforced interfere making nails farm tools important iron items colonial america hat making concentrated rhode island york pennsylvania angered english manufacturers law passed parliament forbade colonists exporting hats grist mills run family enterprises served neighboring farmers mills especially pennsylvania fairly large businesses colonists heavy drinkers beer whisky rum rum valuable export england compared today amount manufacturing small numbers persons employed product note production ships lumber iron colonists ranked leaders colonial america developed corps skilled craftsmen ironmasters millwrights shipbuilders activities forecast future manufacturing greatness america boston headstart york philadelphia late merchants enterprising shipyards gave edge boston warehouses storage goods city major center collection colonial products shipment europe major center receiving english products
addition founding colleges religious groups responsible founding supporting schools church leaders felt order learn read bible needed schools secondary schools called grammar schools prepared young colleges turn trained ministry professions clergymen fairly educated hired teach school fewer half children chance attend school england massachusetts law england colonies copied form required township families appoint person teach children resort write reade town families required provide school boys prepared college result yankees learned read write europe england school system declined largely scattering population gradually neighborhood set school district town school district school poor job educating youngsters contrast southern colonies educate young wealthy continued hire tutors teach children leaders set charity schools poor whites blacks indians
eastern york part show growth revolution offer newcomers land valleys hills englanders liked region reach quickly easily ship goods magnificent hudson river growing cities banks revolution seen loosened grip aristocratic landholders develop tracts tories lost lands war cases speculators bought estates york government sold land small pieces tenants westchester county manors tilled landowning farmers landholders backed american side held estates revolution developed william cooper advised landlords sell lease land farmer owner harder tenant landholders agreed cooper incoming yankees rent land england owned farms large owners decided rent land stephen van rensselaer surveyed holdings advertised tenants terms liberal tenant receive free rent pay bushels wheat hundred acres land fat fowl team
pioneers immediately looked product sell needed cash pay land necessities luxuries forest provided crop settlers chopped trees rolled burned took ashes potash fertilizers dyes pioneers turned wheat field crop farmers eastern york especially waterways head start bulky product market canal built farmers sections remote genesee valley grew shipped large quantities wheat wheat continued important cash crop dairy products took place corn oats barley rye hay important crops demand oats hay rose higher stagecoach operators canalboat owners contractors acquired horses corn important single crop mainly farm feed cattle hogs york led nation production barley flax hops hops manufacture beer hop money built fine farmhouses region waterville cooperstown central york farmers gradually turned animal husbandry raising animals watered hillsides provided fine pasture land sheep cattle cattle dealers visit farms buy cattle bought herd drive overland albany york city slaughterhouses
vermont western massachusetts western connecticut part york charter king charles ii gave brother duke york eastern boundary colony west side connecticut river massachusetts connecticut moved region west connecticut river york agreed set western boundaries colonies line drawn miles east hudson river benning wentworth governor hampshire wentworth maintained western boundary hampshire similar massachusetts connecticut basis granted title lands lying west connecticut river hampshire townships region governor wentworth set millions acres friends naturally york recognize persons holding claims hampshire true owners land york gave title land disputed area york owners tried move region driven englanders settled hampshire grants englanders worried hold land face claims york allen brothers herman ira ethan saw chance fortune remember baker formed onion river company brought hampshire titles discouraged holders low prices
important political parties united states whigs democrats york groups battled political control side outstanding leaders martin van buren democrat governor resigned order secretary president andrew jackson elected vice president united states president yorker live white house kinderhook democrats refer kinderhook democrats secret political clubs york today part language meant home martin van buren york largest population reason electoral votes political party carrying york wins presidency major parties picked york candidates chart presidential candidates major parties page election yorker ran major party tickets party conventions selected presidential candidate york chosen yorker running mate yorkers served vice president millard fillmore chester arthur theodore roosevelt moved post chief executive
today granted modern transportation network trade rests hundred ago railroads offered reasonably fast service ice closed rivers canals ships winter months roads packed earth gravel stagecoaches freighting wagons moved slowly winter sleighs wonder railroads important times referred locomotives iron horses eagerly sought railroads run towns cornelius vanderbilt greatest figure york railroad history chapter learned commodore started sailing business built fortune million dollars think fortune gruff sailor settle leisure age vanderbilt lived starting career control york harlem hudson river railroads connected york city greenbush hudson river albany gained control york central running albany buffalo york central secured connections cities william vanderbilt commodore son sought hard west shore railroad built west bank hudson river albany region buffalo
seen things encourage industry wealth build manufacturing plants presence skilled workers market manufactured goods excellent transportation factors found cities enabled empire win hold industrial leadership millions european immigrants highly skilled trades willing hard arrived overseas added large numbers americans cities factories newcomers money start businesses banking houses manhattan smaller banks communities money lend businessmen wished establish factories expand existing plants natural resources needed large scale industrial development waterpower iron ore large forests haven timber expanding construction industry important resources gypsum salt nearest fuels pennsylvania ohio transportation network brought needed raw materials enabled york manufacturers sell products wonder york leader transportation development erie canal york central railroad highways especially thruway york busiest thoroughfares addition york largest port country ships airliners
laws worth enforced lawbreakers punished job courts justice americans involved court case courts government operate doubtless seen television plays feature court trials generally murder trials dramatic courts rarely exciting kinds cases courts handle neighbors disagree boundary line property located john smith owes sam jones money sam collect examples laws broken known civil cases trials violations law murder robbery criminal cases handle kinds court cases number courts powers local governments courts villages police justice handle minor matters towns justices peace busy traffic violations cities city courts varying degrees authority county court counties york city courts operated local governments called inferior courts inferior courts levels courts lowest level supreme court
middle ages kings england divided realm smaller units called counties british seized york brought county form government famous charter liberties privileges divided province twelve counties ten original counties albany dutchess york kings queens orange richmond suffolk ulster westchester exist boundaries changed cases york set counties fast growing needed today york counties vary deal size population largest county area st lawrence square miles size rhode island rockland county covers square miles counties york city smaller considered real counties lost powers city erie county hamilton county county government carries programs national government social security program task helping age care money purpose national government turns counties
cowboys indians soldiers everyday sights young la born york city family soon moved prescott arizona boy grew frontier army post fiorello la gifted person skilled music spoke languages interpreter ellis island york harbor helped immigrants translating speech english night studied law lawyer later ran united states house representatives republican ticket political bigwigs surprised won election district gave democrats large majority congressman quickly demonstrated willingness fight believed urged women vote called entrance united states war supported draft law enlisted armed forces commander bomber squadron plane hit gunfire occasions injured aircraft crash landed bombing enemy war ended la returned congress fought league nations laws protecting rights laboring fierce fighter quarreled republican leaders york city political independent la mayor york city able appointed high office regard political party
plants form tips thin stems plants happens ways happen thin stems bent touching ground tip stem touches ground covered soil stem root plant grow reproducing called layering fleshy stems called rhizomes root tips form plants rhizomes stems grow surface ground grow plant plants grow end rhizome roots grow end grasses form rhizomes white potato eat fat tip rhizome kind stem called tuber grow potato plants cutting potato tuber look carefully potato notice small dents inside dents find buds buds potato called eyes potatoes grown pieces potato eye piece potato food developing plant plant grows leaves food plants send stems grow surface ground stems called runners runners rhizomes root tips roots grow soil plant grows
ovules begin develop seeds touched pollen part pollen grain ovule pollen kind flower ovule pollen plant reaches pistil kind plant say pollination place pollination place ways plants produce sweet syrup called nectar nectar food kinds insects birds hummingbird drink nectar attracted bright colors petals sweet smell flower insects feed nectar seen bee poking head inside flower bee feeding nectar bee touches anther pollen sticks bee body bee flies flower kind plant leaves pollen sticky top pistil plant insects pollen plant plant wind carries pollen plant plant plants pollen drops anther pistil parts found plant kind plant anther explodes shoots small cloud pollen air pollination step flower job seed production seeds produced pollen reach ovules
female frog laid eggs water returns land eggs babies develop female frog called leopard frog lay eggs eggs safe fish eat eggs eaten destroyed eggs develop babies egg supplies undeveloped animal called embryo food days fertilized eggs remain begin develop tadpole tadpole early stage development frog compare development frog development butterfly early development stages animals look adult stages ten days tadpole begins wiggle swims jelly falls tadpole eyes mouth leaves jelly covering food stored yolk sac egg breathes gills oxygen water tadpole live water tadpole continues development mouth eyes open mouth open begins search small plants animals live rocks larger plants feeds tiny dead plants animals tadpole continues eat continues grow change tail grows fin move tadpole water rapidly
stupid teen agers stepped boat dock kids nearly ran splashed water wife saw owner bud rent boat hot hoods wanted rent motorboat fishing trouble report police angry names big kid rented boat burt addey owner called deacon don kid ruined angry growled soaked soaked wife re responsible known couldn trust delinquents shouldn rented boat mean owner demanded buck gotta eat suddenly looked lake say lot smoke spreading fire shook head teen age delinquents heading straight hope burned boat owner fool kids boats burn boys boat seen smoke ron boy wheel steered boat don close ron burt addey stared smoke ahead big fire
september wait florence chadwick takes dozen strong beautiful strokes lake ontario dive wall coast guard station youngstown york searchlight finds stays moment goes miss chadwick swimming darkness strange waters hate idea swimming darkness night fears bothered training swim fear eels ugly slimy lampreys fasten swimmer legs body cling water minutes feel bump eel attached stomach strike hard hand lucky firm grip blow knocks shore lights going cars starting start swim drive nearby florence chadwick swimming ahead boat blackness light narrow beam searchlight sky told searchlight national exhibition grounds shine night comfort light makes realize toronto shore miles
weight wrestling class wrestle unfortunately weight champ confident mad champ buddy whispered going beat daylights yes twenty million cheering fans going mat break leg win cheering crazy kanele walk say lasky answer couldn kanele mobbed lot autograph seekers photographers cameras flashing match kanele gave usual pep talk listen guys lost matches row saved bit school honor lasky start give boys lift pinning champ run mat supposed pin champ ran mat trying look important felt stupid remember mat soft squishy deciding holds win thinking nice soft mat thinking sick sick kenele sick wrestling sick idiot wrestlers sick worry
baby sitting job belinda took dog agony throw ball fetch start pester hour idea worked perfectly belinda throw ball agony times enjoyed tired game managed stick ball pocket seeing expected agony tagging waiting throw ball minutes bark tell waiting sat relaxed belinda mad hornet times started slip agony tagged barking finally belinda stood front kind dog asked beagle re wonderful rabbit dogs told mean hunt rabbits belinda asked agony rabbit hunting stay yard disappeared corner garage minutes began feel uneasy heard agony bark relaxed trouble barking finally bark yip knew wrong hurried garage agony locked tight
today teen agers making lot money baby sitting finding takes plenty patience hard imagination fourteen chris valentino thought ready started baby sit evening found care children cats dogs bird thirty wild mice cage chris thought control children bed fed pets checked house sat homework suddenly sounds riot broke chris raced children bedroom found standing open door mouse cage thirty mice racing floor furniture curtains cats hissed dogs howled bird screeched boy held butterfly net sitters catch mice told chris took hour chris round mice put cage house finally quiet chris sat homework put mouse cage baby sitters problems chris faced baby sitting job challenge bedtime kenneth looks corner eye
nice hundreds rocky mountains colorado hike trails sunday october beautiful autumn axley family wright family decided walk trails picnic families drove end road brainard lake parked cars axley put eighteen month daughter cloth harness wife started trail lake isabelle mrs wright children distance suddenly boy scout racing trail bumped axleys wrights saw boy speak axley nodded head hurried baby bouncing mrs axley turned scout trail boy scout ran past wrights mrs axley stopped told friends badly injured scout mountains boy passed going brainard lake call rocky mountain rescue group try help stay children mrs wright hurried trail met scouts coming wright asked happened injured boy past camp scouts night stayed scout camp lake isabelle
towners saying york city friendly towners believe live apartment building names neighbors don understand yorkers busy minding business pay attention insurance true fact case close convicted murder minding business john garson young liked girl named isabel lewis evening clock john isabel minute apartment neighbors earful arguing battle loud word paper thin walls garson found isabel dating named clarence hannen garson didn bit spent minutes saying say left dark rainy walked car upset didn drive carefully columbus circle red light hit jumped dropped package smashed ground garson slowed sure okay drove seventh avenue car stalled
seen leave isabel apartment seen car seen front carnegie hall hundreds looked standing stalled car rain garson sure real murderer clarence hannen isabel boy friend police questioned hannen home murder prove police prove wasn days later yorker named ambrose smith called phone handled insurance wanted put insurance claim driving car smith claimed driver hit rainy night columbus circle smith wasn hurt accident drop valuable piece glassware wanted sue driver price glassware written license plate number driver car exact accident happened fifteen license number turned john garson neighbors heard isabel lewis scream story smith didn garson gave garson alibi needed smith minding business called wanted sue knocked
electronic computers extraordinary machines add million numbers ten seconds circuits switches electrical impulses computers ways brain nervous system call computers electronic brains told teacher hand homework told exactly slide chair stand pick homework paper walk ten steps forward computer told exactly solve problem computer begin problem broken step step step called instruction single action computer takes result instruction list instructions determines computer solve problem program highly skilled person called programmer prepares instruction words programmer breaks problem simple steps computer follow programming important days weeks prepare plan computer follow computer hour hour computer able solve problems information computer solve problem fed machine
bad winter begin things worse worse father hurt early october working sawmill couldn help gathering corn brother course brother big red older took charge gathering corn sight bossiest human rained night cold slow november kind drizzle cows didn tuxahatchie lowlands turned cows fields corn gathered milking morning barn rain stopped raw wind driving north shivered hurried feeding mules tony stamped impatiently stall fed prince tony favorite mule prince lunge traces plowing ground pulling wagon snaking logs tony lay traces move look working wasn pulling ounce infuriated father big red tony smart lot smarter prince fed tony didn stay pet
ylis imagine worse situation drifting helplessly strange planet father flying saucer didn father permission perfect spin father mother left trip flying saucer delivered saucer shiny low beautiful ylis able resist going ride wrong falling floating cut speed motors thousand miles hour saucer control dropping heading small planet big bodies land water called earth course real danger flying saucers couldn crash ylis wasn afraid thought angry father saucer floated downward ylis began wonder earth planet met earth person pictures earth person looked ways antenna strange flaps side head
rafferty left car front gate alsop farm farmhouse lawn full weeds barn chicken houses rafferty gate climbed front steps house alsop porch howdy rafferty reporter times rafferty telephoned editor airplane wrecked alsop shook head slowly screen door squeaked mrs alsop rafferty repeated information mrs alsop shook head rafferty started porch steps guess phony tip newspaper lot call say airplane field morning straight trailing fire mrs alsop face lighted yes wasn wrecked airplane wings beg pardon rafferty airplane didn wings yes mrs alsop barn rafferty helicopter mrs alsop shook head don think fans barn look
looked evening clarion wasn thursday night story red davis appeared sports page story team sports crusaders disappointed don exactly expecting buildup letdown feeling tony sisco say evening trailing sports page mean davis guy going write don didn mention yeah mean admitted afternoon practice ed sorrell red davis dropped spent lot talking newspaper story told team play gang activities tuesday evening game cavaliers story juvenile delinquency crusaders received mention thought called power press game tiny gymnasium filled overflowing reverend gilson folding chairs rushed casey funeral home set stage seats hank eyed crowd floor warming think monkeys zoo
hank strutted dressing room told murder guys told door opened admit jubilant frank gaylord couldn help think hank pair knew boys knew moved ed sorrell pushed thought proper congratulate winning team gaylord team sorrel asked wait minute sorrell don re suggesting sorrell put hand gaylord helped door okay say sorrell don think job hand thanks gaylord asked job sorrell shoving doorway sorrell leaned door dressed boys twenty street church prepared banquet honor wouldn want late danny shapiro eyes lit mention food grinned embarrassment sorrell winked church members waited shower dress game gave rides cars church gym set tables chairs didn look place played basketball white tablecloths covered tables women church groups hurrying kitchen
cheerleaders tried school yells didn response big student crowd wasn paying attention players floor kids upper bleachers racing playing tag throwing paper darts teachers climbing steps warn saw martha sorrell sitting front row bleachers looked worried joey wrong shrugged shoulders karlstead called names start game peeled gold black jackets tossed bench walked slowly positions making officials wait chet took stepped jump circle didn tip windale rangers pounced ball broke boards lumbering number scissored air score let settle chet pleaded jim threw bad pass bounds alert windale forward canned easy shot hank tried hog show lost ball tried dribble length floor passing manage control ball hit shot bounce hoop dull clunk hands team karlstead left ball game
born southwest corner kansas middle plains dad packed family left moved california summer months vacation decided visit region born plains drove kansas thing wheat thousands acres gleaming gold sun call region breadbasket america farms produce bushels wheat grown country visited uncle fred farm asked stayed plains left say acres dust couldn leave special country mean asked traveler sees flat land sand hills places north kansas sees rocky bare country badlands south sees deal cotton sorghum growing plains sees fields wheat alfalfa herds beef cattle land grow guess open spaces maybe main thing close
learned white settled plains civil war explorers thought region desert place crossed california oregon important happened transcontinental railroad completed atlantic coast pacific saw living plains raise cattle fields grass ship cattle railroads markets cities east cattlemen moved open range guns horses cattle grazed freely rounded cowboys driven railroads cattle raised herds buffalo killed cowboys shot sport shot food killed reason easy kill meat hides brought prices indians pleaded white asked shoot buffalo explained leave plains main source food white killing buffalo grass thin cattlemen brought cattle range land overgrazed
farmers planter plant seeds harvest crops harvester plant seeds helicopters harvest crops chain saws axes strange farmers strange tools tree farmers plant tend harvest crops trees wood products tree farms money corporations tree farms crop ready harvest suppose takes trees acre grow large harvested crop acre trees tree farm acres tree farms large waiting tree grow slow earn profit risk waiting things happen disease insects kill tree forest fire destroy numbers trees growth lost hope profit lost forests country today trees oregon double number houses united states washington sixth lumber united states rocky mountain region alaska supplies trees companies replace trees cut tree farms
fisherman catches depends customs american roman catholics ate fish friday englanders catholic england fishermen large market fish pope paul vi changed custom roman catholics united states decide eat fish friday chose eat suddenly income england fishermen fell dollar earned earn eighty cents ago fish called menhaden taste humans today menhaden fish meal meal fed pigs cows fishermen earn living catching fish animals eat drug companies today fish livers vitamins chemical companies parts fish fertilizer commpanies provide larger market fishermen fish resource renewed older fish caught die baby fish hatch place catch fish let die ways plenty sea catch kind sea creature happened whale catching regions kinds whales caught faster baby born disturb places fish eggs hatched
northwest corner region lie twin cities minneapolis st paul opposite banks mississippi river twin cities produce variety goods mending tape equipment launching missiles known islands flour milling meat packing east dairy farms wisconsin west farms ranches plains farms ranches produce corn wheat cattle hogs products processed prepared minneapolis st paul grains livestock plains turned packaged products rest country airplane flies south mississippi river pass dams channel river depth twin cities st louis river dotted barges carrying goods raw materials river cargo pass st louis st louis manufacturing island southwest corner manufacturing region produces steel shoes spacecraft chemicals foods cement st louis home biggest brewery united states detroit flint michigan st louis biggest auto producing center country st louis fly milwaukee chicago gary area island covers western southern shores lake michigan
area bad climate factories hot cold weather hurt machinery wet weather hurt factory buildings dry weather mean shortage water industries need large amounts water workers live areas schools recreation areas advantages attract workers factory owners manufacturing region built businessmen ideas businessman hopes earn profit hopes opening store office offer services build factory produce goods sure sell goods services takes chance businessman takes risk called entrepreneur cases savings borrow decide risk savings buy shares business called shareholders share risk businessman entrepreneur ideas entrepreneurs help build factories manufacturing region entrepreneurs bring jobs income region manufacturing industry changed live automobile industry today americans depend automobile motel business grown drive movies drive cafes drive banks automobiles suburbs shopping centers built
ken akers father ranch texas live living ranch love animals someday want animal doctor important animals healthy especially ranch animal sick herd die animals cattle horses sheep angora goats wool sheep goats kind wool called mohair dad breeds raises cattle beef sells re months family lived grandfather started ranch guess ranching changed lot days cowboys horses hard machines help instance dad want look herd cattle range ride horseback loads horses trailer ranch hands drive cattle unload horses ride herd look animal lot faster keeps horses fresh big ranchers helicopters check herds ranching herding cattle
south famous political leaders thomas jefferson virginia believed slavery wrong wanted slaves freed gradually thomas jefferson wrote declaration independence gave reasons colonies wished free english rule words hold truths evident created equal believed god gave rights rights rights liberty pursuit happiness revolutionary war south agreed slavery end george washington died slaves set free planters freed slaves legalized slavery existed southern northern lawmakers passed law congress law slaves brought country slavery end south events took place planters change minds giving slave owning southern settlers louisiana started sugar plantations plantations needed slaves important increasing demand southern cotton invention cotton gin led textile mills england england mills lots cotton cotton prices rose land planted cotton cotton plantations started south cotton plantations slaves
help needy congress set freedman bureau northerners south help bureau food clothing hospitals set blacks helped find fair wages classrooms set cabins churches jails half million blacks education southern whites called north carpetbaggers carried belongings bag carpet material southerners thought carpetbaggers crooked northerners crooks southerners claimed honest businessmen start businesses northern churches helped needy built schools blacks schools famous nashville tennessee fisk university university clark college morehouse college founded atlanta howard university started washington congress sure southern states give negroes rights south divided districts general soldiers put charge district army watched voting order beginning period called reconstruction blacks voted held office twenty elected congress blacks whites served governments whites majority power public rich cost voters
strangers arrive california spaniards native indians saw march mexico hundred pilgrims landed england early spanish settlements located san gabriel spaniards try farm interested taking gold silver indians settlements grew slowly trading farming industry russia owned alaska spaniards feared attack develop area strangers unwelcome spanish california leaders want meet ideas cut nature pacific ocean west deserts mountains east isolation prevented growth change traders boston sailed pacific northwest hunt seal otter skins sail tip south america reached california stop supplies leaders approve spanish settlers welcomed traders smuggled leather boston traders return shoes finished goods englanders brought stories beautiful empty land seen mexico independent spain united states interested california part mexico
hundred voters sign favor measure voted election half voters approve bill law californians try stop laws hundred voters sign protest law effect vote called referendum bill referred vote bill law branch includes courts highest court california supreme court chief justice justices beneath supreme court courts counties court towns municipal city court towns called justice court lower courts disagree case supreme court final decision person believe treated unfairly lower court found guilty knows innocent case supreme court agree resources conflicts occur regions government sacramento try solve
hundreds bothered alaska slept blanket ice snow vitus bering landed coast alaska danish captain russian navy bering strait named took russia stories land thousands seal walrus otter animals lived russians thought lot money selling alaskan furs russian fur traders moved alaska greedy interest getting money furs care country lived russians found eskimos west coast faces cold bering strait found aleuts cousins eskimos aleuts lived aleutian islands string mainland alaska southern southeastern coast found indians aleutian islands closest siberia aleuts russians met aleuts peaceful gentle deal fierce greedy russian trappers traders russians killed thousands slaves eskimos spared hardships trappers distant areas indians fought russians fell victim suffered hardships russians brought diseases indians eskimos
forty pilgrims poor passage paid trading company london promised pay debt working trading company promised send furs lumber gold paid debt pilgrims left england danger thrown prison rich services church england wanted worship simple bow powerful bishops church orders turned backs england america sixty mayflower poor america religious reasons find offer hope passengers left ship pilgrim leaders signed compact agreement agreed set government promised obey laws government formed government plymouth colony winter cold terrible nearly half settlers died hunt food care settlement close starvation times finally enjoyable friendly indians taught plymouth colony plant corn
england longer tries big textile producer try lead shoe production tried poorest regions united states competition parts country cut england sales income region developed resources england developed human resources england respected knowledge valued education region able date england colleges universities england produces kinds machines office machines textile machines rollers machines england manufactures machine tools machine tools power driven tools shape metal thousands products press cut drill grind shave metal tools sizes combined complicated machine tool industry small united states machine tool companies giant industries exist machine tool companies companies key america ability produce large amounts factory goods machine industry machine tool industry problem shaken ups downs businesses factories sell goods factory owners think businesses growing
dear school friends traveled regions book wanted walked country roads city streets seen fields wheat stretched eye wandered deserted streets ghost towns mining areas rockies talked live regions spoke concern regions path traveled wanted meet navahos arizona farmers plains wanted meet coal miners appalachia scientists massachusetts manufacturers detroit hope discovered beautiful exciting country exciting differences dull boring landscapes customs beliefs differences united states america differences helped united states rich dairy products wisconsin traded cars detroit kansas wheat traded alabama peanuts trading goes thousands goods traded regions goods traded trade ideas spanish style houses california found york
mapmakers draw imaginary lines called lines longitude lines extend globe north south latitude longitude lines locate places globe locate place earth latitude longitude latitude line degrees north equator called tropic cancer line degrees south equator called tropic capricorn region called tropics region sun shines directly overhead north south tropics sun shines angle temperatures tropics higher weather tropics hot high mountain regions equator weather cold parts tropics dry deal rain rain forests africa brazil malaysia borneo philippines indonesia tropics subtropical regions rule found degrees north south equator warm warm tropics areas dry grow food called semiarid regions simply moisture growing grain short grasses arid region runs canada mexico west plains united states
experts believe population earth continue divided thinly populated thickly populated uninhabited areas believe population increases number thickly populated areas grow number thinly populated areas decrease experts talk myth open spaces refers idea open land settlement true lot open land lands agriculture industry occupied land open climate resources support technology scientific research increase living space increasing population studies possibility creating huge glass bubbles cover cities built present uninhabited land polar areas protective bubbles building underwater cities cities deserts jungles developments cost nation afford built care small fraction population basic fact according scientists earth limited space resources support continually rapidly increasing population mankind continue say human beings pay close attention interact surroundings words environment sort imprint environment
passed province province united crown provinces acquired conquest marriage louis xiv king power reached height france borders today richest powerful countries center culture king palace versailles paris wonders nobles louis xiv power king demanded presence court lived ease luxury watchful royal eye noble lived estate country expect favors king gathering lords versailles king forming groups rule country local government existed france main roads led paris requests change suppose bridge stream hundred miles paris needed repairs request capital church roof distant village need repair paris decided months passed permission received stood paris spoke uniformity government french kings provinces
war nigerian soldiers visited nations afterward nigerian students schools europe america africans abroad impressed differently france england america governed comparison noticed black citizens united states suffered discrimination blacks united states west indies descendants african slaves joined discussions african visitors asked help reduce racial discrimination developed idea partly political partly cultural declared africans proud black heritage declared freedom dignity black protected ideas started movement called pan means involving africans early europe africa united states held meetings discussed blacks war african soldiers students returned homes determined fight country independence wanted african nations firm base want built kind discrimination nigerians finally realized nigeria colony subject britain british tried nigerians appointed government positions invited london advise government
arabs arabia conquered holy land teachings prophet mohammed called moslems millions moslems mohammed messenger god earth believe mohammed completes message god humans began prophets moses jesus religion mohammed called islam islam arab word meaning obedience means obedience word god mohammed arab rule lasted hundred arabs permitted christians visit city jerusalem turks conquered holy land fierce moslems refused allow christians enter jerusalem angered christians western europe series crusades organized kings nobles clergy moslems crusade journey swore recapture holy land thousands women children crusades died disease starvation killed moslem forces returned homes western europe moslems lost battle pushed holy land branch turkish ottomans holy land part ottoman empire capital constantinople called istanbul
israel prospered unusual nation social political economic systems touch daily live nationalistic groups jews palestine believed lives lives past settlers hoped found ideal ideals justice fairness early settlers mean person succeed individual individuals contribute early immigrants set rules regarding fair wages felt land belonged gave control industries workers founded unique systems kibbutzim moshavim words plurals kibbutz moshav kibbutzim kibbutz group willingly joint decisions farming land kibbutz portion land jewish national fund fund contributed jews countries land owned single individual managed benefit kibbutz large family works receives salary share crops goods purchased sales surplus crops receive housing food medical care furniture need private ownership
zen japanese means seeking light oneself zen buddhists believe find light light understanding normal ways thinking break regular ways thinking understanding sunshine end dark tunnel followers zen knowledge means knowing firsthand difference firsthand secondhand knowledge overhear classmates describing teacher say tall skinny sport fussy likes girls nice terrible think secondhand firsthand students zen try understand firsthand easy task spend lifetime getting knowledge footsteps zen masters achieved understanding masters enlightened express knowledge words phrases sound foolish followers zen buddhism say enlightened strange sayings questions zen masters perfect sense strange sayings form stories questions called koans koans force students zen think ways prepare enlightenment
mandarins liked confucian teaching lower classes place mandarins servants beliefs confucius peasants developed religions folk religions shrines home fields village gates thousands local gods governed daily peasants peasants prayed gods burned incense gods asking gods aid weather harvests happiness member mandarin class pass special examination test difficult study expect pass test imperial court capital days candidates locked separate rooms food passed slits bottom door room high window desk student stood wrote days room brick bed lie night candidate number put test paper graded paper graders influenced famous powerful person passed chin shih doctors period chin shih
chinese planted shelter belts trees shrubs plains areas northern northwestern china shelter belts protect settlements shifting sands help conserve water irrigation manure passing horses oxen gathered teams shovels baskets practice keeps roads clean fertilizer fields roads china largest cities streets clean cleanliness shows chinese respect environment communist government china wants triumph nature wishes develop underdeveloped areas country fast chinese experts feel changing natural landscape landscape greatest care respect nature chinese adapted landscape tried dominate nature chinese today mao china link heaven place emperors ancient times words taught children read family circles factories communes guide behavior thoughts mao serve wholeheartedly interest learn solve problems solve problem study
shipyard workers gdansk poland holiday mood december latest plan economic growth announced called lower wages bad news weeks christmas catholic country talk strikes slowdowns attempt calm angered workers poland deputy premier flew gdansk message grim plan avoided workers simply sacrifices official prices going immediately beef percent meats percent flour cost percent jam marmalade percent coffee substitutes percent cost coal higher meant heat cost idea cold homes empty plates christmas caused thousands workers walk strike police responded water hoses clubs stopping angry workers ran streets gdansk breaking windows looting stores setting fires news price increase reached rest poland similar uprisings occurred poland government communist party buildings attacked mobs workers soldiers tanks streets polish civilians shot soldiers workers communist countries times revolted economic policies governments
soviet leaders khrushchev pushed hard cooperation comecon result member country search economic path suited needs search turn required kind tightrope walk members displease soviet union part soviet union tolerated experiments members criticized russia threatened leave communist block russia grip gradually loosened czechoslovakia czechs found economy sad shape consumer goods scarce production slow economy rolling czechs began adopt capitalist methods factory managers power decisions paid faster quality soon economy began show improvement czechs began political soviet type government stopped soviet troops czechoslovakia czechs forced tight soviet control satellite path greater independence involved related steps reform punishment nationalism step led increased economic reform demand reform brought punishment punishment caused nationalism cycle begun mind let look steps polish incident beginning chapter december riots poland economy slipped backward premier gomulka busied satisfying soviet demands poland forced export farm produce left poles comecon soviet union forced polish industries manufacture military hardware
treaties britain signed sheikh ruler kuwait return protection sheikh promised heirs enter business kind relationship countries permission british government early british began interested oil experts reported oil soon replace coal means fueling ships clear britain oil fields territory controlled england british look oil areas nearer europe found middle east oil industry middle east developed method called concessions government oil country give permission foreign company partnership search oil produce area number discovered large quantity oil company paid government rental afterward paid royalty size royalty depended amount oil produced profits general european countries strongest control countries middle east oil discovered concessions later britain strongest power favored concession british company granted egypt
technology caused built weapons powerful nation defend poured vast amount goods market absorb enabled change environment entire earth radiation atomic explosion pacific island instance affect eskimos arctic fishermen japan technology created benefits problems problems war injustice poverty pollution affect entire impossible nations deal problems individually separate nation states deal present rules relations nations regulated international law purpose international law protect interests nation diplomats nations treaties interests shared treaties covered rules warfare land sea peaceful settlement disputes postal service distance telephones treatment war prisoners matters national concern rules laws happened inside nations today greater concern legal system deals welfare international law helps promote relations states development community requires laws promoting interests states
fact making easier continue nations industrialized wish nations want hold development sake environment want higher standard living fast don want nations tell natural resources feel adjusting present social systems care needs making sacrifices nation states today give independence efficient division labor trying produce needed countries produce goods nations trade rest goods reason believe continue present course longer continued damage nature eventually decline productivity exhausts supply oil coal fuel exhausts fresh air survive kind lives lead survive risk continuing present course waiting technological miracle save try live harmony nature science technology support nature destroy
july common market commission industrial technological affairs turned attention environmental problems western europe rhine river fouled mediterranean sea polluted french italian industries poisonous sulfur british factories blown north fell rain norway fight problems common market pledged policies set standards protecting air soil water pollution adopted soon cost cleaning protecting environment shared members according amount pollution caused members decide set parts european countryside areas industry allowed china mao tung proclaimed principle mao underlined need chinese resources carefully china huge population guarantees labor force large things cheaply chinese labor wasted harvest commune farmers repair equipment season huge gardens planted factory centers provide food workers transported parts country waste water chemical plants purified water nearby fields chinese busily reforesting land desert areas topsoil carried wells sunk provide source water
small drop water lake pond ocean drop water aid microscope micro means small scope means look find small drop water actually living things numerous nonliving objects magnifying lenses spectacle manufacturers fourteenth century lenses magnifying power produce sharp images important achievement development microscope end sixteenth century holland spectacle makers janssen brothers invented compound microscope instrument lenses magnify image formed lenses steadily improved seventeenth century enabling scientists details observed robert hooke details thin slice cork viewed compound microscope called box units saw cork cells anton van leeuwenhoek amateur lens grinder skillful making lenses magnifying power simple microscope design simple microscope lens leeuwenhoek report seeing living things drop water organisms leeuwenhoek single celled forms bacteria protozoa dead living cells seen early seventeenth century nineteenth century scientific techniques advanced point internal structure cells studied
development microscope scientists able examine closely cells plants animals result scientific observations deal cell biologists able unlock remaining mysteries cell expect strides maintenance health chapter study cells parts cell contribute functioning entire cell understand cell assists functioning organism part cells chemically complex living material cell variety structures thousands substances vary number amount major portions typical cell nucleus cytoplasm nucleus dense roughly spherical body cytoplasm area cell nucleus regions distinct structures structures called organelles organs type organelle job perform organ performs function multicellular organism cell organelles functioning properly cell contributes share maintenance organism cells vary greatly size shape function comparison kinds cells shows organelles common
famous scientist asked describe nature cell expected technical answer cell bag chemicals description complete correct goes cells bags chemicals cell chemicals constantly reacting sum total reactions called cell metabolism consists tremendous number specific reactions part metabolic pathway reactions pathways needs cell organism met important differences living cell bag chemicals contents cell organized chemical reactions controlled nonliving bag substances react random happen bag happen cell substances react closely regulated rates definite order serve needs cell chapter study basic chemical substances found cells examine ways substances essential cells organism element pure substance broken simpler substances ordinary chemical means hundred known elements materials cell entirely hydrogen carbon oxygen nitrogen
study understand ecological system helpful look parts view order familiar terms concepts basic science ecology begin definition species species group similar organisms capable reproducing nature producing fertile offspring members species area population domestic cats members species domestic cats neighborhood population community composed populations inhabiting area typical pond community include populations green algae spirogyra water lilies sunfish frogs forest community populations ferns mosses bacteria fungi maple oak trees earthworms flies owls squirrels mice chipmunks raccoons bears communities large distinct geographical region desert referred biomes types biomes tropical rain forests grasslands community consider nonliving factors affect water oxygen temperature ecosystem ecosystems biosphere portion earth surrounding atmosphere exist
industrial revolution upsetting delicate balance ecosystems continued pollution rise cities growth industries increasing amounts sewage garbage litter industrial wastes poured water air piled land regard paid range effects shortsighted attitude finally toll faced real possibility environment irreparably damaged action save pollute water air land waste products modern living dangerous surroundings steps restore natural balance ecosystems solution pollution answer questions begin chapter study pollution problem chapter examine dangers water pollution concentrate air land availability clean water problem problem increasingly millions northeastern united states painfully aware lack clean water major drought rainfall scarce reservoirs serving large cities including york boston dropped dangerously low levels talked possibility taking water nearby large rivers
single greatest source pollution areas exhaust cars measures control exhausts emission control devices added late model cars federal law requires mid automobiles emit ninety percent pollution models emissions trucks buses planes facing federal regulations goal pollution free streets highways realized emissions vehicles roads controlled pollution control devices cars vehicles repair obviously strict regulations regarding inspection devices needed program succeed federal government set standards limiting amounts pollutants allowed factories power plants furnaces individual states local communities set stricter standards local community enforcing air pollution standards write local air pollution agency find ask help ending struggle clean air ironic fact richer person trash garbage generates average american citizen produces pounds solid waste india annual figure pounds solid wastes kinds kitchen garbage paper plastics cans bottles junked cars discards piling landscape faster rid
locomotion ability move place place activity found wide variety organisms ranging celled ameba amebas movement accomplished pseudopodia false feet organisms part cell pushes forward form pseudopod cell protoplasm flows movement takes place flowing cell contents protists parameciums organism moves beating cilia microscopic threadlike organelles ability contract vertebrates locomotion complex process involving highly specialized tissues skeletal muscular nervous systems ability move increases chances survival organisms chance escape dangerous situations mouse threatened cat runs shelter fast throws rock duck avoid hit ability move organism increased opportunities find food fact animals spend energy search food mobility organisms find suitable shelters birds gather materials build nests safe predators animals seek caves dig holes ground shelter finally locomotion organisms find mates female gypsy moth emits odor attracts males miles salmon hand travel hundreds miles upstream spawning grounds
nervous system highly developed complex systems body performs varied functions including coordinating regulating systems body nervous system vast communications network central nervous system brain spinal cord control center sense organs receptors central nervous system receives constant flow information external environment internal conditions body information carried form nerve impulses sense organs brain spinal cord tremendously complex system nerve fibers nerve network makes peripheral nervous system part regulating function response impulses received sense organs brain sends constant stream impulses impulses carried peripheral nervous system effectors muscles glands respond basic unit nervous system nerve cell neuron function nerve cells transmit impulses adapted neuron consists cell body cell nucleus types threadlike extentions called dendrites axons nerve cell structure varies depending part nervous system figure shows neuron peripheral nervous system single thin axon coming end cell body shorter branched dendrites coming end
chapter saw ways nervous system controls activities body chapter going discuss endocrine system regulates body functions endocrine system consists set glands located sites body glands secretes substances called hormones affect metabolic processes general hormones involved regulation growth development maintenance constant internal environment secretions endocrine glands released directly bloodstream secretions pass ducts secretions digestive glands endocrine glands referred ductless glands endocrine nervous systems function independently proper functioning body depends balanced coordinated interaction systems nervous system makes rapid adjustments response types stimuli endocrine system controls processes require prolonged stimulation hormones found groups organisms vertebrates found plants invertebrates hormones include variety types chemical compounds substances released endocrine glands directly bloodstream carries distant organs exert effect tissue acted hormone called target tissue nervous system impulses fiber affect limited number cells
wondered look chances look mother father think basically offspring plant animal look parents roses produce roses dogs puppies cats kittens humans children cell division chromosomes passed cells chromosomes genes transmit traits parents offspring genes account general species characteristics individual features offspring sex blood type hair eye color height shape nose genes determine human features unique passing traits parents offspring generation generation known heredity science dealing study heredity called genetics interest relationship parents offspring dates thousands mentioned bible writings ancient greeks discoveries scientific basis heredity biologists working independently rediscovered austrian monk gregor mendel mendel laws heredity provided basic facts mendel taught science high school town lived small garden monastery
human genetics comes experiments plants mice fruit flies bacteria viruses humans genetic experiments completely impractical thing generation scientist wait twenty odd child grow reproduce offspring look basic genetic research accomplished fruit flies animals breed quickly show number clear cut traits inheritance readily studied small size makes easy large numbers laboratory mendel rediscovered beginning war ii basic mechanisms heredity worked war ii genetic research centered genes chromosomes chapter continue discussion heredity general chapter discuss dna function genes organisms specific chromosomes identified responsible sex determination called sex chromosomes humans chromosomes involved sex determination called chromosome chromosome females chromosomes males sex chromosomes twenty pairs homologous chromosomes rest separate meiosis
preceding chapters genetics discussed fact hereditary information carried chromosomes specifically discrete units called genes aligned order chromosomes genes composed deoxyribonucleic acid dna chapter discuss structure genes function tremendous advances field genetics developments involved sophisticated biochemical techniques period complex structure behavior genes worked roles dna rna ribonucleic acid protein synthesis discovered roles types genes determined dna consists large double stranded molecules varying numbers subunits called nucleotides nucleotides dna hereditary information encoded order nucleotides dna molecule types viruses genetic information living organisms found dna exceptional viruses rna carries genetic information dna reproduce process called replication strands dna formed identical original exact replication makes continuity genetic information generation genes control cellular activities physiological processes organism found dna controls protein synthesis includes synthesis enzymes
evolution process living organisms gradually changed periods living organisms products evolutionary histories living forms arose billion ago living organisms descendants primitive forms modern theories evolution based english naturalist charles darwin darwin theory based studies natural populations parts published provoked tremendous controversy influence ideas spread scientific community social sciences philosophy religion affected idea evolution highly controversial darwin stated evolution occur periods species gradually change species evolves original species extinct darwin theory evolution based idea natural selection population members survive reproduce successfully observations natural populations darwin drew number conclusions developed theory natural selection darwin knew genetics rediscovery mendel mechanisms evolutionary change explained species capacity produce tremendous numbers offspring single bacterium multiply twenty minutes produce million bacteria hours
millions millions appeared earth abundantly covered forms organisms survived unchanged present evidence earlier existence plentiful types evidence include fossils comparative anatomy comparative embryology fossils remains traces dead organisms found earth crust earth formed ten billion ago billion fact ascertained dating rocks living forms existed billion ago fossils period known earliest fossils remains primitive forms bacteria algae found preserved rock rocks thought billion fossils commonly formed dead organisms quickly buried heavy layers sand mud sediment soft parts organism decay tough decay resistant parts left composed inorganic compounds deep earth crust tremendous pressure overlying layers sediment lower layers form sedimentary rock fossil material embedded rock eventually upheaval earth crust fossil layers brought surface generally fossil undergone chemical change original materials replaced minerals surrounding sediment
scientists believe modern living organisms product evolution truth statement strongly supported fossil evidence twenty thousand species earth thousands millions species points species existed information groups obtained fossils tools drawings caves remains prehistoric shared earth creatures recognize saber toothed cats woolly mammoths giant cave bears species early looked apes basic characteristics scientists differentiate humans primates apes monkeys ability walk upright ability tools course evolution skull early types larger rounded brain increased size ability walk upright left hands free fine ability hands evolved highly developed brain oldest primitive manlike fossils discovered olduvai gorge tanzania fossils olduvai assigned scientific zinjanthropus fossils uncovered included jaw teeth parts skull bones primitive tools
things order live ways amazon river parts southeast asia live river houses houseboats south american indians live grass huts eskimo live igloo snow house central turkey called cone dwellers live caves stories high living apartment building stories high live house live places eat foods eat foods instance japan sea spiders caught food eaten sea spider form crabmeat cocktail united states buy lunch hotdog stand hotdog stands island sumatra native vendor sell hotdog actually piece roasted dog meat south america poisonous plant called bitter manioc south american indians devised extract poison plant plant flour flour cassava bread staple food south america eaten plant tapioca
culture affects act ways sociologists anthropologists talk importance roles play instance play role child family brothers sisters play role brother sister school play role student scouts play role leader culture affects think society view degree importance society called status countries high status depend money person born low status high status england high status called nobles titles nobility handed family parts india birth determines status hindu society traditionally divided levels called castes castes based places birth occupations parents person born caste leave caste system limits social contact caste increased education modern society brought change educated mix freely castes notebook fill blanks social groups belong show role play family church clubs school team give rules social group makes
tools stone wood leather bone scientists find study stone tools stone important ancient called stone age sort stone age live lived small bands women cared children hunted animals gathered wild fruits vegetables eat called food gathering knew fish fire small groups independent large tribes organized modern governments existed culture small place period discovery fire slow change ago seen lightning strike tree burn learned save embers burning tree carried pot fire moved finally learned fire thousands learned fire cultural occur slowly scientists call revolutions revolution marks change ways living happens quickly slowly scientists describe major cultural revolutions agricultural urban growth cities industrial
large immigrant groups settled israel immigrants europe america immigrants asia africa europe united states called westerners africa asia called orientals groups israel differences obvious europeans americans ways countries educated european american schools families small standard living jews africa asia backgrounds immigrants educated schools illiterate families large living conditions poor spite differences groups motivated desire live israel groups immigrants faced difficult problems arrived urgent need food doctors craft workers learn farm land cultivated housing hundreds thousands immigrants live tents eat luxuries things changed israel today immigrants today million living israel nearly million jews moslems christians nearly thirds population live narrow strip land bordering mediterranean sea
farming peoples stone tools gradually learned tools weapons metals bronze iron metal tools harder lasted longer stone knowledge metal originally cultures middle east egypt oldest middle eastern cultures look historical map page part europe closest egypt part europe trade egypt reason greeks learned middle eastern cultures greeks greatest sailors soil greece thin poor farming land mountainous large farms greece excellent natural feature look map greece page describe coastline greece coastline blessed harbors greeks left mountains took sea ancient greeks ideas live idea democracy started greece ideas science religion government ideas greece grew cities spread greek empire cities greece grew valleys sea city separated mountains roads connecting cities narrow winding
renaissance idea belonging nation grew stronger spoke language culture began consider citizens nation governments nation powerful small rulers middle ages sign growth nations increased power kings renaissance kings powerful vassals powerful renaissance power kings grew traders towns cities agreed pay taxes king peace protect kings began build strong armies governments nations grew unified strong increased power importance king shown courts palaces europe courts centers society arts scholars writers artists friends king began kind european spent lives court ordinary changed times middle ages ways serfs free owned lord stay place serfs free historians answers process centuries
peter romanov russia tsar peter called reasons reason enormous feet inches tall important reason person responsible making russia powerful nation peter curiosity led visit europe tsar leave russia traveled disguise places worked common laborer learn europe modern ways peter visited germany england sweden learned things place found europeans cannons printed books studied stars especially interested learning build ships sail peter revolt broke russia quickly returned home put revolt captured rebels revolt peter put european ideas practice printed newspapers improved system collecting taxes peter forced russian shave beards europe wearing beards important future russia peter built large factories supply army modern guns cannons began build navy dreamed peter armies attack sweden
soviet union united states nation large cities dozen cities populations million moscow soviet capital leningrad kiev million residents united states moved cities prefer find jobs crowded city shortage housing families live small cramped apartments share small apartments families cities factories produce steel chemicals industrial goods factories soviet union largest industrial nation ranks united states terms manufactured goods produced production machinery autos steel chemicals factory goods planned government government officials consult factory managers factory officials decide goods produced factory quota autos steel fill soviet factory workers hour week paid government according ability amount produce major difference workers soviet union united states soviet workers boss government writer describes soviet city dweller works factory try moment put russian shoes
blind seen elephant puzzled elephant passed blind put hands felt trunk cried elephant huge snake felt leg cried elephant huge tree felt elephant body cried elephant huge granary fourth grabbed tail cried wrong elephant whip wise observer remarked part truth india oldest largest nations diverse understanding india problem blind person look carefully parts clear picture history tradition important indians ancient indian customs important today nearly ago learn studying customs geography clues india coming monsoons changing river course affects lives things help tell country story religions literature photographs help understand faraway place things studied
government chief developer agriculture major planner india industry farming requires modern tractors plows fertilizer modern factories produce factories need electricity steel workers farmers need water crops transportation bring food market irrigation roadways need workers modern equipment india certainly india needs money build factories train workers government industry left british helped develop industries government controls areas electrical plants water atomic power plants steel production irrigation systems railroads india industrial growth depends government helps privately owned industries cheap electricity low factory rents money train workers india largest cotton producer centuries indians woven cotton cloth cloth simple looms complicated machines sense expand textile business indians textiles industry india small home industries jewelry brassware embroidery indian factories produce locomotives paper bicycles electronic equipment areas india leader asia india miles railroad track largest fertilizer plant asia largest steel producer india valuable supplies iron ore coal tin copper developed
chou nobles lived kind ruled states commanded army learned music arithmetic archery poetry behaved according special code manners called li li meant thing honorable nobles looked peasants farmed learning manners peasants power obey laws nobles rise important positions taught read write names names needed worship ancestors nobles began fight fought li era chinese history called period warring states period group nobles worried decline li thought ancestors happy thought chou nobles proper rules behavior heaven earth harmony prosperous happy leader school thought named confucius confucius lived high official government resigned prince honorable wandered chinese states looking honorable noble serve travels confucius taught nobles obey rules li
buddhism china japan ruled groups families called clans emperor descended gods emperor power clans controlled area close home buddhism spread japan traveled china study religion returned brought chinese religious thought political ideas art culture japanese took chinese ideas found attractive shaped changed japanese character political ideas borrowed chinese gave power emperor borrowing china started flowering japanese culture contributed glory power japanese emperors soon jealous emperors ago army general shogun seized power allowed emperor stay throne shoguns ruled shoguns defended power lesser nobles ruled local areas shogun weak local lords stronger area shogun strong ruled nobles struggle japan continued develop nation trade grew towns larger beautiful japanese developed traditions literature music dance theater european explorers japan ago found culture rich europe
spanish led explorer cortez america search gold ships horses arrival documented young adventurer cortez expedition journal spaniards feelings saw wondrous city tenochtitlan saw cities villages built water towns dry land going city amazed enchantments legends soldiers asked things saw dream think describe saw things heard seen dreamed stood looking thought discovered lands days aztecs spaniards meet montezuma aztec emperor montezuma height built neat montezuma guards enter barefoot eyes lowered dishes prepared montezuma meals servants pointed foods ate guards brought food chocolate drink cups pure gold spaniards impressed aztec culture impressed gold silver
latin america homes found food developed culture land shaped land water resources farmed soil built industries land shapes lives geography affects live instance indians latin america settled rivers lakes land fertile growing food land affects kinds houses build live mountainside fit houses environment desert look population map page latin americans live parts land equally crowded density number live region parts latin america highest density look landforms map page kinds landforms fewest kinds landforms compare population map rainfall map page areas heaviest rainfall areas rainfall areas connection facts look resources map page industry found latin america grazing land cattle mining region think problems prefer live place natural resources located areas kinds problems think country distribution pattern latin america
nearly million indians lived amazon basin estimated indians remain part early explorers killed slaves indians brought diseases indians defense hundreds indian villages amazon basin isolated forest village totally sufficient occasionally isolated village indians contact join festival trade goods villages communal village live palm thatched huts surround called village square families live hut family personal belongings cooking utensils hunting equipment share land belongs village indians entire village share food produce gather village forest hunt gather food women cultivate crops land cleared village stay home prepare food weave mats baskets care children chief village assigns village counselor clears quarrels villagers amazon indians credited accomplishments
cousin arak half younger round faced dark exceptionally elegant manners pretense manners naturally manners bad beginning arak sort complication school bland smile showed front upper teeth separated melted heart stone teacher miss daffney core complication noise vigor prove miss daffney culprit need carry case supreme court prove innocence office cases strapping debating case office derringer principal earthly debates minute cornered strap arak didn care fight justice wasn bright half younger grade wouldn bad grade wasn won arguments teachers glad rid refused promote hope believe winning semester arguments getting happened oldest pupil grade
miss adela strangeworth daintily main street grocery sun shining air fresh clear night heavy rain miss strangeworth town looked washed bright miss strangeworth took deep breaths thought fragrant summer knew town course fond telling strangers tourists passed town stopped admire miss strangeworth roses spent town seventy miss strangeworth told tourists pretty dimple showing lip found thinking town belonged grandfather built house pleasant street say opening blue eyes wide wonder house family lived hundred grandmother planted roses mother tended watched town grow remember lewis senior opened grocery store river flooded shanties low road excitement young folks wanted move park space front post office today wanted put statue ethan allen miss strangeworth frown sound stern statue grandfather
chick stood sweated carrot hand head floating couldn feel feet ground pulse thudded massively ear clammy green pain shivered gut treachery making sick fifty minutes sunrise morning cold raw swirling wind clearing throat fiercer blow heavy layer nimbostratus fighting inch hint light neat box stalls round stable yard dozing horses struck random hoof wooden wall rattled tethering chain sneezed hay dust moist black nostril chick late hours late told give carrot lanky chestnut clock morning clock morning pouring rain hard slanting rain soaked skin minute flat chick reckoned difficult explaining soaking clock morning chick reckoned wait rain stopped couldn difference clock clock heck chick knew chick thin disgruntled nineteen felt owed bad tempered argumentative child aggressively rebellious adolescent
roads goderville peasants wives coming burgh market proceeding slow steps body bent forward movement twisted legs deformed hard weight plow raised left shoulder swerved figure reaping wheat knees spread firm purchase slow painful labors country blouses blue stiff starched shining varnished ornamented design white neck wrists puffed bony bodies balloons ready carry head arms feet protruded led cow calf cord wives walking animal whipped haunches leafy branch hasten progress carried large baskets arms cases chickens ducks thrust heads walked quicker livelier step husbands spare straight figures wrapped scanty shawl pinned flat bosoms heads enveloped white cloth glued hair surmounted cap wagon passed jerky trot nag shaking strangely seated side side woman bottom vehicle holding sides lessen hard jolts
hours pursuit prince deserted rabble left looked recognize locality city london knew moved aimlessly houses thinned passersby infrequent bathed bleeding feet brook flowed farrington street rested moments passed soon midst crowd boys running jumping playing ball leapfrog disporting noisily boys stopped play flocked prince native dignity lads say master edward prince wales desireth speech shout rude fellow marry art thou grace messenger beggar prince face flushed anger ready hand flew hip storm laughter boy didst mark fancied sword belike prince sally brought laughter poor edward drew proudly prince ill vastly enjoyed laughter testified youth spoken shouted comrades ho swine slaves manners
soon miles hendon prince clear mob struck lanes alleys river unobstructed approached london bridge plowed multitude hendon keeping fast grip prince king wrist tremendous news abroad boy learned thousand voices king dead tidings struck chill heart poor waif shudder frame realized greatness loss filled bitter grief grim tyrant terror gentle tears sprung eyes blurred objects instant felt forlorn outcast forsaken god creatures cry shook night reaching thunder live king edward sixth eyes kindle thrilled pride finger ends ah thought grand strange king friends threaded slowly throngs bridge structure stood hundred noisy populous thoroughfare curious affair closely packed rank stores shops family quarters overhead stretched sides bank river
alter course reason reach plantation days latest leiningen sucked placidly cigar size corn cob seconds gazed answering agitated district commissioner took cigar lips leaned slightly forward bristling gray hair bulky nose lucid eyes look aging shabby eagle decent murmured paddling give tip re pulling leg course say bunk herd saurians couldn drive plantation mine brazilian official threw lean lanky arms clawed air wildly distended fingers leiningen shouted re insane re creatures fight re elemental act god ten miles miles wide ants ants single fiend hell spit times eat full grown buffalo bones tell don clear left skeleton picked clean plantation leiningen grinned act god eye anyway woman going run elemental don think kind fathead tries fend lightning fists
miranda harrington seventeen baby family busy days cry nights ago big brother tom girl riding killed automobile accident riverside connecticut father returned danbury riverside identify body son married sister jean arrived connecticut york telephone started ring telephone busy doorbell received terrible information car radios late television news turn living room stricken mother presided wing chair voices subdued rising volume pitch began place full miranda kitchen sounded suddenly incredibly mother party arrive person started trickle flood estelle carruthers casual friend mother arrived midnight husband stood awkwardly middle room mrs carruthers immediately wing chair knelt darling low thrilling voice terrible terrible blow john told glared husband felt terrible
chubasco fiercely hot drying wind blew interior deserts mainland sea started lasted week blowing fitfully attaining velocity forty fifty miles hour lulling moderate breeze periods comparative calm short scarcely hour wind returned unexpectedly full strength howled island angels hissing ravines suddenly filled foaming water making high shriek ridges dust sand stripped desert forming obscurity haze sky thickening darkened sun island lay turbulent gloom chubasco started blow francisco remained hut sufficient beans flour oil fish water feed hut built rock lee island desert gale escape worst ravages wind dust boat safe bay lull check passed sleeping working gear fishing lines lobster traps sail boat hut
donnegan nice asked job janitor suspicious told happened looked sad put hand shoulder charlie gordon guts looked downstairs started working toilet sweeping told charlie fun don sore remember smart thot friends laughted doesnt mean liked nasty crack hey charlie hear smart fella real quiz kid say intelligent felt bad joe carp grabbed shirt leave lousy cracker break neck dint expect joe part guess hes friend later frank reilly charlie bothers trys advantage call joe set em straight thanks frank choked turn supply room wouldn cry
september afternoon door cross country team room upstate york high school opened closed admitting instant short boy looked underfed size paid attention place locker room member varsity dark italian looking boy dressed ready sweat pants sweat shirt picture winged spiked shoe printed red breast sat tying lightweight cross country shoes front star spangled locker sky blue color covered white stars red white strip running edges door lockers dark green half dozen splashy dark boy sat wooden benches running length room feet lockers opposite bench boy track shorts lay stomach head side arms hanging faced assistant coach picked fingers fast backs legs snick snick snick snick snick liniment smelled sharply prevailing accumulated odor sweat turning door short boy stepped benches motion remarkably easy considering size
clock morning york city biggest city america lay hundred fifty miles east south head coach driven boys coach remaining runners manager car stood curb front school john sobieski front seat hunched inert watched dark houses peaking rooftops roll manager runner seat trying sleep country john sobieski sat looked getting light sky gray cloudy open fields light remained shadowy buildings passed stood gray chill appearing yellow windows distinct square isolated houses boy glad struck cheerful meant awake beginning yearned going york city glad going york didn want run looked fully light clear driving parkway twin concrete highways descend endlessly taking huge dips turns
early afternoon french owner restaurant located bolivar street mexico city noticed medium sized black dog sitting sidewalk open door establishment looking frenchman soft brown eyes sparkled suggestion making friends dog put innocent tragicomic expression found tramps matter happens humorous answer store kicked porch steps bucket water thrown face moment frenchman glanced dog interpreting look dog wagged tail cocked head gave open mouth quizzical twist appeared grinning frenchman couldn help smile instant strange sensation spark golden sun crept heart touch warm tail wagging faster dog rose slightly sat remaining sitting position moved inches closer door enter considering decent attitude hungry street dog frenchman resist longer half empty plate table waitress walking past kitchen picked steak customer obviously hungry nibbled
think things mixed alarm clock ring wake bell ring sound breakfast put bread toaster toaster hot toaster bread events happen acts natural course course going act going materials battery going battery acts things acts happenings natural going discover going learn measure heard say influence person influence things happen college presidents clergymen influence positions certainly quarterback football team influence makes things happen things influence cars knock telephone poles air wind move boat
operationally define force force shape find force acting measure amount change shape description true operational definition tells measure forces things satisfied statements ideas tell force present answer question makes statement operational definition suppose asked body temperature say place thermometer tongue wait minutes remove thermometer read number top column mercury operational definition tells body temperature measured describe appearance objects tree leaves trunk describe objects telling hammer drives nails things influence temperature describe define words words try making operational definition meaning suddenly clear rest course asked operational definitions sure help teacher
examples show compare length things standard works eyes differences principle measurement standard developed began live close trade groups standards measurement group measured lengths length chief foot arm length tree branch amount grain chief scoop hand measure weight amount part body measuring common handy kind measuring device groups tried trade problems arguments occurred standards measurement hard reach agreement big egyptian farmers nile river solved land measuring problem rope stick end floods washed fences markers rope locate fields starting permanent marker able draw lines mud lay fields rope knots regular distances measuring easier egyptians convenient unit measure called cubit
important variable number disks spinigig takes lot energy big heavy moving small light object easier start moving disks spinigig harder start moving number disks measure quantity mass mass amount matter spinigig disks amount matter disks mass disks heavy object mass determine weight mass weight thing brick weighs moon earth mass places look excursion mass weight trips moon page end chapter excursion excursion forerunners space travel famous early astronomers variables addition friction related fast spinigig turns input energy falling sinkers energy supplier number disks shaft mass spinigig try effect try find happens speed spinigig change amount energy supplied
astronauts aldrin armstrong landed moon july spaceship landed lunar excursion module lem lem weighed pounds newtons earth feet meters high feet meters wide moon weighed pounds newtons words lem weighed times earth moon exactly places sinkers working weigh newton sinker weigh moon weight object depend scientists puzzled question learned accurately predict weight object conditions ago isaac newton identified variables involved force called weight key relationship variables object attracts object force attraction called gravitational force let lem changing weight earth lem weight caused gravitational force earth lem moon lem weight caused gravitational force moon lem earth gravitational force times stronger moon gravitational force lem weighs times earth moon
scientists observe describe appearance behavior matter predictions able observing describing predicting behavior steps understanding behavior things final step understanding hardest step explaining observed predicted observing describing predicting explaining scientists study nature information model building model building scientists study nature try imagine things behave try imagine invisible structure behavior observe reason imagination explanations called mental models investigated game try imagine inside plastic answer yes question step model building begun imagination continue marble observations think dot game imagine game constructed account behavior peeping holes top imagination imagination describe think game inside want drawing record book imagination describing inside game built mental model observations imagination helped build
easy question accepting idea matter particles help explain help explain bubbling occurs occur deal matter explain behavior need complete model matter assuming matter composed particles idea course developing particle model matter start try describe differences matter try find kind particle kind matter try find matter kind particle find evidence kind want write record book assumption think reasonable matter kind particle matter kind particle chapters trying find answer question later try develop improve model matter try find matter held part involve testing particle model try tackle tough practical problems
completed statement question definition unknown gas definition air unknown gas air studied natural recall learning operational definitions told ask questions wanted define questions tell defining tell defining easy answer question find difficult takes special equipment cases settle part operational definition statement question half operational definition unknown gas tells identify gas think unknown gas try answer questions adding gas phenol red phenol red turn yellow adding gas limewater limewater cloudy burning match thrust container gas common gas things called carbon dioxide unknown gas carbon dioxide develop operational definitions things course word operational part definition asks trying define
elements discovered university california berkeley californium cf berkelium bk elements named color appearance symbol ag silver strange understand origin comes greek word argyros word means shining recall symbol mercury elements colors named properties account names bromine br comes greek word means stink stink dysprosium dy results combination greek words dys pros words element hard reach difficult separate element swedish words tung sten meaning heavy stone comes tungsten shoe box tungsten heavier size box filled iron lead symbol tungsten comes german word tungsten wolframium german apparently based sooty rahm color element color resembles wolf coat helium greek helios meaning sun helium discovered sunlight observed special instruments lead symbol pb comes latin plumbum plumber comes plumbers lead tantalum ta metal hard locate
teacher special lead nitrate potassium iodide solutions help counting atoms assume ml lead nitrate solution lead atoms assume ml potassium iodide solution iodine atoms table shows activity mix ml potassium iodide amounts lead nitrate solution don materials trial lead iodide formed trial kind atoms left lead iodine trouble questions review paragraphs lead atoms trial table iodine atoms react answered question answer question iodine atoms sure understand answers going trial predict result leftover lead atoms leftover iodine atoms leftover atoms couldn answer question assumption predictions assume assume lead atoms iodine atoms combine definite ratio record book circle ratios listed table
element air breathe bodies directly oxygen oxygen helps compounds live water compound oxygen important part nearly foods solid rock beneath earth crust compounds oxygen oceans covering fourths earth surface elements earth crust combined compounds elements apple human instance compound silicon oxygen familiar common makes beaches chemists call compound silicon dioxide known main ingredient ordinary seashore sand oxygen element importance parts environment learn oxygen reactions despite fact oxygen invisible odorless gas try investigation page wood burns brightly presence unknown gas reasonable suppose gas oxygen presence fairly pure oxygen glowing splint burst flame glowing splint test oxygen oxygen needed wood burn shortage oxygen bring oxidation stop begun investigate behavior oxygen conditions
continue cutting imagination eventually smallest particle matter sulfur cut particle bits longer properties sulfur particles atom sulfur sulfur substance kind atom element kinds matter everyday environment ink paper pencils erasers school elements compounds mixtures compounds compounds turn elements elements atoms think matter atoms atoms extremely small idea small suppose lump sulfur inch diameter row inch sulfur atoms million atoms atoms enlarged size tennis ball length row tennis balls miles diameter earth atoms tiny scientists learn existed account observations chemical substances scientists assumed substances atoms scientists developed theory matter atoms theory simply defined explanation large number related observations
examine data chart elements listed chlorine chlorine atom protons electrons notice number appears column headed atomic number atomic number element equal number protons number electrons atom element find protons atom iron fe look iron list elements inside cover book iron atomic number atom element iron protons electrons examine diagrams chart electrons surround nucleus circles represent electron shells notice electrons shell electrons shell atom hydrogen hydrogen reason read answer bottom page shell atom filled capacity electrons atom electrons shell course kind atom atom hydrogen shell completely filled kinds atoms shell electrons notice atoms shell electrons shell guess capacity shell
concept universe today differs greatly ptolemy ancient ptolemaic system earth center small cosy universe today universe earth planets average sized galaxy large farthest stretch imagination space environment planet earth planet place solar system centered medium sized yellow star sun sun place billions stars milky galaxy galaxy billions galaxies universe beginning explore universe changing planets whirl modest star comets hurtle solar system meteoroids dart space burn atmosphere meteors hit earth meteorites sun continual motion galaxy whirls magnificent pinwheel galaxies rush immense speeds universe expanding traveled cosy universe ptolemy earth center science acquiring concept universe acquiring concept universe concept place universe acquiring concept
live ocean visit seashore surely seen tide flow ebb say hours tide flows ebbs places difference high low tide feet low tide bay fundy canada pier dry land high tide water risen feet tides bay fundy greater makes tides imagine puzzled question thousands named pytheas watching rise fall water shores english channel suggest tides caused moon fourth century moon caused tides explained later isaac newton book universal gravitation newton explained tides caused caused gravitational pull moon sun earth mass sun larger moon moon nearer earth sun moon effect tides sun moon instance sun moon line pull direction earth
unfriendly conditions astronauts encounter environment moon absence atmosphere moon explorers supply air breathing talk radio air carry sound waves sky look black sun shining air scatter sunlight produce blue sky earth moon atmosphere kinds evidence earth atmosphere starlight entering scattered stars twinkle night moon atmosphere telescopes detect scattering starlight passing close moon surface scattering seen similarly scattering sunlight atmosphere twilight sun set observe twilight moon sunset night night comes quickly moon passes front sun solar eclipse edge moon appears sharp clear outline distortion dimming atmosphere moon moon atmosphere clouds mist sort observed contrary details moon surface perfectly clear
mountains stages cycles youth age human point view course mountains parts earth mountains young remember geologic clock age earth billion comparison rockies andes alps himalayas young mountains million young mountains jagged peaks weathering erosion wear sharp edges young mountains mountains rounded appalachians age appalachians estimated million times rockies worn ozarks arkansas missouri arbuckles oklahoma forces weathering erosion round tops mountains eventually wear completely gently rolling penokee hills wisconsin remnants mighty killarneyan mountains ranged wisconsin minnesota southern canada killarneyans million weathering erosion reduced size transporting entirely sea forces level mountains powerful killarneyans part transformed sedimentary rock sedimentary rock accumulate forever sooner later uplifted lifting process takes
features sea land sea special environment living things heat produced sun determines main temperature sea equator average temperature surface sea polar regions freezing point pure water dissolved salts lower sea water water sea bottom nearly temperature region period sea temperature fairly stable part environment organisms live contrast conditions temperature moisture land vary suddenly wider range sea water generally stable salt content averages percent percent weight salt idea percentage dissolve teaspoonful salt half cup water cubic mile sea water means million tons salt sea water dissolved substances substances required sea inhabitants water dissolve roughly times carbon dioxide atmosphere organisms sea depend supply carbon dioxide green plants
cold winter breath cool summer morning grass wet dew mist forms spout boiling kettle cloud drifts sky fog hugs ground things result condensation water vapor air water changing gaseous liquid matter makes cloud fog mist front kettle spout consists tiny droplets liquid water air knows water clouds makes rain snow sleet hail precipitation depositing moisture atmosphere surface earth makes droplets cloud precipitation cloud form expect answer simply water vapor cooled dew point condenses form tiny droplets water surprisingly turns lower temperature air water vapor hold lower temperature instance air water vapor capacity saturation roughly halved cooling air saturated water vapor main condensation formation droplets cloud cooling needed
elements form periods repeat let look pattern forms examine table elements row row page look electron shell diagrams atoms elements atomic numbers hydrogen atom atomic number proton electron helium atom atomic number electrons examine electrons atoms electron atom hydrogen revolves shell known shell atom helium electrons shell largest number electrons shell atom hold outer shell helium electrons filled determines row table ends examine electron shell diagrams atoms elements atomic numbers lithium li start row row reserved atoms electron shell start row atom electron shells lithium atom atomic number total electrons electron lithium shell lithium goes row comes beryllium electrons shell shell
family nonmetals rare gases members familiar rare helium lighter air helium gas delights children making balloons float air navy weather stations helium blimps weather balloons member rare gas family neon signs modern works art neon lights variety brilliant colors orange red tubes filled pure neon blue purple green produced gases mixed neon gases argon member rare gas family pure argon fill ordinary electric light bulbs xenon krypton radon rare gases recognize names helium neon argon occupy group periodic table recall atoms elements group electrons outer shells helium shell electrons atoms elements families combine lend borrow share electrons give outer shells outer shells inert gases chemists thought atoms rare gases unable combine atoms evidence support view
ignite strip magnesium ribbon brilliant flash metal oxidizes white powder heat speck mercuric oxide droplets mercury remain pour hydrochloric acid bit zinc gas fizzes froth metal dissolves bubble hydrogen sulfide clear cadmium chloride solution golden yellow precipitate forms pour colorless solution silver nitrate colorless solution sodium chloride curdy white precipitate recognize reactions chemical studied chemical reactions suppose number counting knows thing chemical person possibly investigate discovered invented point study matter suspect knowing reactions follow custom scientists custom grouping reactions classes group reactions magnesium silvery metal reacts oxygen colorless gas form magnesium oxide white powder reaction say elements magnesium oxygen combine compose compound magnesium oxide change composition reaction simplest type chemical reaction
forms matter living things word complex carbon noted joining chains form basic structures organic substances element ability carbon making variety intricate molecules tremendous size exist section atoms carbon relatives silicon chains capacity silicon forming molecules complexity variety carbon organic compounds unique complexity unusually numerous inorganic compounds compounds elements carbon known million known organic compounds discovered developed organic compounds read mainly living cells organisms hydrocarbons exception products compounds cells later partially decomposed synthesizing organic substances laboratory duplicated imitated improved cells living things rayon nylon dacron synthetic fibers chemical ups resemble natural fibers silk cotton linen wool synthetic rubber similiar chemical natural rubber dyes bring color lives products organic chemists laboratories
ancients believed forms matter stationary earth thought fixed heavenly bodies moved differently ago copernicus attacked idea proposed planets including earth moved sun sun stationary galileo newton recall changed idea bodies sky universe motion newton laws inertia universal gravitation predict orbit planet comet space satellite manned unmanned newtonian laws stated mathematically calculate direction spaceshot orbit satellite motion space atoms molecules stationary leave glass water standing water disappears molecules water motion jump surface air call process evaporation movement molecules molecules possess energy movement planets stars visible matter continual motion invisible molecules motion particles atom electrons constantly motion nucleus scientists learned particles nucleus motion don particles atoms electrons protons neutrons fly
ores hematite bauxite sphalerite sources iron aluminum zinc hematite important ore important metal iron mineral earthy appearance red brown streak cleavage hardness found places united states large deposits alabama lakes region specimen consists grains claylike masses hardness specific gravity color ranging white yellow reddish brown chunk bauxite ore metal aluminum united states bauxite found alabama arkansas tennessee region zinc ore type sphalerite found places lead sphalerite grainy fibrous texture form layered masses found crystal form crystal structure sphalerite cubic yellow brown black color specific gravity hardness resinous luster streak test produce light yellow brownish color group ores magnetite galena malachite ore magnetite important source iron galena important source lead malachite source copper fact known early egyptians
henry popular writers lived story interesting stories wrote thing stories famous surprise ending real william sydney porter born north carolina civil war mother died raised grandmother aunt lina porter started working uncle drugstore learning pharmacist started drawing cartoons learned lot drugstore watched actions listened talk later learned wrote stories porter visited ranch texas stayed ranch spent reading drawing writing saved material stories write later play read pancakes based stories henry wrote cowboy texas porter moved austin capital texas married age teller austin national bank started comic newspaper rolling stone wrote lasted lost lot money porter borrowed money rolling stone going
greenwich village streets strange curves angles crosses times artists liked live sue johnsy shared artist studio top wide brick building sue maine johnsy california real joanna woman warm sun soft breezes november cold unseen stranger moved slowly streets york touched johnsy icy fingers pneumonia johnsy match lay moving narrow bed looked window brick wall house door morning busy doctor called sue hall chance wants live friend mind going wants wanted paint bay naples sue paint mean want worth thinking love young instance mean worth thinking sue voice sharp doctor love special bad patient begins think funeral half power medicine lost
sister cass coming home read letter mother says thank heavens father says act casual inside excited house quiet quiet cass left love cass free spirit laughing dancing crazy things home clashed modern painting fashioned wallpaper months ago cass signed mama check took savings account found note morning leaving pay money cass pays cass job fruit stand hire things wash dishes turn polish boots date cass paid money pay peaches say bring big bag peaches fruit stand refreshing cass cass arrives midnight sitting kitchen table waiting looks tired says working waitress laugh talk parents downstairs robes mother cass big hug
sitting lobby hotel poole looked magazine reading saw young woman pick rich andrew stuyvesant pocket stuyvesant stepped elevator woman corner walking fast bumped sorry stuyvesant bowed dear wallet diamond stickpin tie felt thing door caught house detective hotel poole told turned pale led hotel coffee shop sat booth looked table young innocent re beautiful thief met tried act angry suggesting saw stuyvesant wallet diamond stickpin sitting feet dropped eyes re course stole things reached took purse stuyvesant wallet stickpin inside took identification card looked address gave bag softly thief urge steal stop kleptomania yes lot doctors helps
sleepy wheel stop coffee going western texas sleepy saw sign gas eat pulled midnight expected place bunch coffee tastes copper flies sleep found tables painted wood looked spilled ketchup counter super clean smell okay swear customers counter sat counter ordered coffee apple pie feeling sad habit divide winners losers boy counter kind means win clean shirts bow ties makes feel sad look tip don feel sad brought coffee steaming hot tasted coffee care cream sugar asked cream fresh cold thick pie car pulled boy glanced wanted gas didn tall coffees
group called youth action held track meet field brooklyn york cheryl toussaint watch meet sitting stands friends cheryl found exciting loved speed runners yelling cheering open race girls announced meant girl starting line race didn belong track team cheryl loved run wanted enter cheryl friends begged give try dare cheryl took dare yard dash cheryl remembered didn yards didn start standing straight marks set ran meet cheryl saw atoms runners exercises grass atoms track club brooklyn team local girls wanted run teams cheryl asked join told practices afternoon cheryl prospect park brooklyn atoms daily practice paid attention began wonder runner
train swinging curve window tim saw town wild grin face froze matter bob asked tim stood pulled baggage rack home grinning hide felt staring soon tell bye thought thinking seeing family town tim don forget write bob sure tim couldn stop grinning hoped mother wouldn cry saw luckier wounded soldiers arm begin left ago train stopped station tim leaped yelled crowded windows bob whistled hey look blonde kit surrounded family tim leaped railroad platform dropped bags put arm kit held tight felt tremble laughed pushed eyes wet tim kit mother dad mary tim pull felt faint dizzy kit alive
wang lung working hard growing wheat worked hoe throbbed weariness shadow fell ground bent stood hoe shoulder house nightfall speech took piece ground left fell steady hoeing sun beat early summer face soon dripping sweat wang lung coat bare worked thin coat covering shoulders grew wet clung skin moved hour hour say word felt close took pain labor think words movement turning earth sun earth formed home fed bodies earth lay rich dark fell lightly points hoes turned bit brick splinter wood age bodies women buried houses stood fallen earth house return earth
maybe ago morgan johnson comes hometown starts living days polite ask comes morgan mentions place knows fact tells thought mystery tough looking citizen scar nose looking goes street says dangerous morgan johnson goes street sees hears says certainly dangerous soon sees morgan johnson says dangerous nice happens say matter says wants deal dangerous scar nose shows plenty trouble fact alive shows care says comes scar finally says fight bad zips bullet nose morgan johnson finally kills knows starts story morgan johnson denies number kills
young folks don remember depression jobs winter person working house wife washing white folks didn sitting couldn find job rented rooms wife job town relief folks didn help strangers eat winter beans mush february morning roomers sitting stove kitchen wife ironing pass alley oyster son goes oyster boy look ragged clothes gettin relief folks jack roomer asked hours month messed messed wife gumption told white folks relief office thought look alley lookin eat eat gumption jack wife mad eat sittin seat pants
walking miles stopped catch breath thinking bright lights landsburg front dark hills crops failed mollie children shack hills hester bread mollie couldn understand going landsburg couldn tell mind nature wasn wouldn willing bad weather killed crops couldn rain wasn worked lost nature couldn help grown tall beanpole thin young tree wouldn hire iron works landsburg bright lights streets bright spot town minutes reached filled fairground running standing line buy rings throw pegs waiting ride merry round merry mixup money flowing water happy wished money coming announcer stepped platform
hanukkah road village town covered snow winter mild farmers complained poor crop winter grain reuven fur trapper bad thinking decided sell zlateh goat gave milk town butcher offered gulden reuven money buy hanukkah gifts children reuven told son aaron goat town aaron family happy mother wiped tears eyes younger sisters cried loudly aaron put warmest jacket rope zlateh neck took slices bread cheese eat road family bye zlateh goat stood patiently licked reuven hand zlateh trusted human beings knew fed harm aaron led zlateh road town goat surprised road passed fields pastures dog barked ran aaron chased stick sun shining aaron left village suddenly weather changed large black cloud appeared east quickly spread sky
night hunger noni thought dog lived floating ice island ice broke noni lost sled food furs knife saved nimuk devoted husky marooned ice watched cautiously distance noni love nimuk real real real hunger cold nights real pain injured leg homemade brace village killed dogs needed food didn thinking nimuk told soon looking food soon eating noni thought kill dog bare hands nimuk powerful tired weapon noni took mittens unstrapped brace leg brace bits harness thin strips iron noni pushed iron strips crack ice began rub slow strokes nimuk watched dog eyes glowed brightly noni worked trying remember slab iron edge begun shape daylight noni finished knife
picture shows earth astronaut space cover clouds astronaut sees north america south america trace finger picture shows earth point picture twelve hours passed continents africa europe asia think north south america earth course turned carrying picture shows earth point picture page twenty hours passed picture trace north america south america finger twenty hours earth complete turn axis earth axis imaginary straight line runs earth north pole south pole earth makes complete turn twenty hours turns called rotation earth rotating moving sun movement called revolving takes earth hundred sixty days revolution sun times earth revolved sun born early morning campers picture
continents oceans look globe photograph shows earth looks point look map things photograph things map photograph map shows half earth half earth called hemisphere large bodies land called continents continents hemisphere shown page oceans shown ocean nearest home main hemispheres earth hemisphere north america south america called western hemisphere expect eastern hemisphere map shows eastern hemisphere continents oceans photographs point high north pole map cartographer photograph part earth called northern hemisphere continents shown map shows southern hemisphere photograph point high south pole continents shown hemispheres live east west lines find globe look picture globe find equator halfway north pole south pole
map scale map line numerals called scale find girl wanted scale find distance des moines chicago put left end ruler dot des moines measured distance chicago inches marked ruler put ruler scale left end ruler scale found numeral scale nearest mark ruler numeral told distance chicago miles map scale find des moines chicago big city distance house scale find distance cities map mileage tables find distance scale help find distance map tell exact distance maps mileage tables help find exact distances places mileage table shows distances large cities united states notice cities listed alphabetically cities listed top side table
gobi desert meet needs mongol home shown picture called yurt look shape yurt shape help prevent wind damage shape home windy place yurt covered wool felt mongols felt pressing scraps wool mongols wool wool material yurt yurt drive wooden poles ground stretch large pieces material poles yurt easily packed camel moved location family moves mongols floors yurts spread animal rugs ground inside yurts homes mongols yurts warm cold winter cool hot dry summer animals mongols raise pictures help decide think animals mongols water animals deep wells desert stay place grass water meet needs move location mongol tribe move times easy mongol tribe move look robes mongols wearing think makes robes mongols
trees grow north america western coastal lands happens eyes walk sunny street dark theater thing happens walk deeper parts forests western coastal lands north america small plants grow dark forests small animals live picture shows edge forest small plants grow trees picture evergreens main trees western coastal forests north america evergreen tell tree leaves evergreens look climate western coastal lands evergreen trees trees grow cool moist climate grow kind soil found western coastal lands trees grow tall white pine cedar hemlock spruce fir main trees found forests kinds trees grow home workers trees forests ago lumbermen live camps forest today lumbermen able live homes nearby towns forest trees forest special job called forester marks trees cut
rivers places catch salmon find columbia river map finger trace columbia river place empties pacific ocean place joins snake river large numbers salmon follow route things hard salmon swim pacific ocean snake river salmon eat hatched columbia nearby rivers salmon grow swim downstream pacific ocean adult salmon swim upstream place hatched lay eggs picture bonneville dam looking fish ladders help salmon upstream spend money help salmon upstream salmon ready food ago indians western coastal lands catch thousands salmon indians smoked salmon smoked salmon salmon food indians today eat salmon salmon sold fresh smoked frozen canned started salmon hand machines salmon cannery salmon machine washes takes scales cleans fish
towns settlements tropical rain forest amazon river farms small villages located farther inland land fairly high living worry floods mosquitoes forest farther river parts river easy farm forest trees vines cleared machetes sharp wide knives common tool cutting trees vines big trees easily cut machete larger trees destroyed girdling bark stripped wide ring trunk tree kills tree fires built base trunk soon tree comes crashing think fuel picture help decide makes hard fires burning crops grow farms tropical rain forest farms small farmers grow food meet needs live tropical rain forest learned store food don leaves fruit rain forest plants fall forest floor decay add materials soil
trees vines plants grow fast hot wet climate rain forest animals including insects bees live forest plants provide food shelter animals things rain forest place living things poor place bantu tribes managed live rain forest worked ways comfortable forest provide food clothes shelter notice house roofs shaped let rain run don houses tightly built protect bantu cold women bantu tribe shown picture grow plantain sweet potatoes bananas food raise goats chickens bantu women reeds vines forest weave baskets woven baskets gathering storing food women pots clay hold water cooking food tribes small called pygmies live forest bantu villages build homes shown picture pygmies arrange homes circle build large fire center circle fire burning supplies village heat place cook pygmies farm land bantu
english companies planted rubber trees malaya britain manage plantations malaya china india knew jobs malaya rubber trees needed plantations rubber big industry malaya needed jobs pictures show jobs connected rubber industry notice pictures working factories factories turn latex rubber factories products rubber office workers salespeople needed cities malaya able speak language think malay language english taught schools decide english languages shown picture called tapper job collect latex rubber trees notice curved knife cut outer bark think curved knife job latex oozes cut makes collects cup tree trunk tapper cut trees returns large bucket pours latex oozed cups bucket
picture shows basuto village village surrounded fence night gates fence tightly locked village goes fence reason building fence wild animals lions live veld fences help animals village veld settled fewer wild animals live problem look picture houses arranged built land houses face guessed thing pen night pen cattle basuto herdsmen bring cattle night guess pen cattle village called kraal kraal sounds word corral means thing words mean land fenced notice homes built groups members family build houses separates houses family groups basuto women build houses family think teaches build notice basuto house picture round walls basuto houses layers dried mud blocks sod
actually definitions business businesses thing common provide product service need want business satisfied help businesses need employees jobs businesses need operate soundly wasteful spend money learn business business experience experience simple business venture involve lot lot money help learn takes place businesses paper route helping school club sell candy business experiences want add experiences meantime let kinds business experiences friends turn project page list business experiences aware students attend school small town business experience real importance taught basic things business students names sue lee mike baca bill hansen pearl shaw friends things business important part team business experience sue mike pearl bill learn businesses exist businesses operate jobs performed
mike comes interesting observation states jobs kinds businesses future want prepare jobs business business grows larger hire extra wonder kinds jobs business sue agrees adds business job sales suppose fewer workers needed lose jobs experiences says bill pearl job advertising selling trouble replies sue sales needed services accountant important checked fruit bars needed wanted lot help business succeed products developed asks mike product opens opportunities community business jobs business moves affects lives jobs lost businesses important ways read newspaper night says pearl million clerical secretarial workers country article need thousands additional workers business business need lot accounting data processing sales
department called central records file clerks department awful lot special machines supervisor told microfilm microfiche filing lot information saves lot space pages information printed piece film microfiche gave sample microfiche card piece microfilm show looked word processing department interesting stenographers supervisor stenographers automatic typewriters tapes magnetic cards operate machines sure completely understood meant stenographer typed letter report copy recorded tape magnetic card later press button machine retype letter report words minute didn errors wow remember sister took typewriting high school hard words minute typewriters eighty office send word processing department want dictate letters reports pick telephone voices recorded machines department supervisor try letter report person dictated soon received word processing department walked department called reinsurance department workers clerical
business office found busy important place business offices found banks shopping centers schools government buildings army navy bases lot kinds large small companies business buys sells repairs makes things office important offices lot things kinds jobs business office important offices jobs called clerical clerical jobs largest groups jobs business office family occupations clerical jobs called clerical workers office clerks find office clerks operate machines greet callers answer telephones open deliver mail type reports deliver messages important job important employees clerical workers employed special areas office called accounting data processing stenography workers called clerical workers book studying general areas office clerical office workers special areas studied job families accounting data processing secretarial interesting talk clerical jobs office clerks kinds fact clerks family jobs things study book included book things important career explorer learn
special tour interested areas office clerks machines explo joe door open inside person meet young lady sitting desk lobby typewriter telephone desk title job receptionist job visitors office feel welcome directs department office receptionists friendly want help able give directions receptionist speaks office important visitor impression important department visit mail room busy large cloth bags full envelopes packages machines opening envelopes weighing letters packages sealing stamping envelopes addressing envelopes tables room typewriter stand department person charge mail room called mail room supervisor young young woman called mail clerks mail arrives post office lot happens early part morning late afternoon clerks departments help busy times mail office messenger departments office
wouldn week job piece metal flew machine hit hand broke fingers couldn operate machine cast hand personnel manager asked help office started track clerical enjoyed office place place types orderly neat qualifications help person clerical worker asked stay office finger healed regular job office general clerk easy checked figures special forms added columns numbers totals looked catalog numbers sure correct typing jobs high school typing teacher demanded high standards bookkeeping courses saved liked pleased boss stayed office soon responsibility job duties expanded today job title technical production clerk kind fancy title tells job office important worked things job instance help prepare reports tell plant
al company consists cabs small office cab stand downtown called tyrolean taxi al company manager cab driver employs cab drivers dispatcher dispatcher person relays calls cabs need rides al says enjoys job owner manager business earning profit likes climate recreational activities snowcap likes slower pace small town bright future expanding service business al tyrolean taxi service businesses snowcap joe tells service businesses explo tour pike peak inn john pike manager owner nice restaurant located main street serve hundreds meals daily hungry skiers tourists pike meets door begins tell business pike peak inn family restaurant serving medium priced home cooked meals seating tables full lunch dinner hours especially true skiing season large kitchen rear building filled ovens refrigerators sinks dishwashers tables obvious pike lot money invested modern building equipment restaurant running smoothly pike tells rely employees chef cook salad maker baker prepare food
intersection mountain service largest building town houses important service businesses national bank rockies located service businesses rent office space bank risk insurance agency town country real estate allied advertising national bank rockies full service bank means offers services customers run bank lend money offer checking savings accounts provide safe deposit boxes offer financial counseling services bank providing service snowcap jaunita sanchez manager bank public relations office offers guide tour bank explains bank sells bank charges money services provided bank makes profit stop bank lending department lending department loan officers talk borrowing money want money houses cars want money expand business pay college education able borrow money want return privilege borrowing money customer pays fee fee called interest ms sanchez guides teller windows bank tellers handle money business bank accept money payments loans deposit savings checking accounts change sell traveler checks cash checks tellers accurate math pleasant patient helping bank customers
enjoyed travel child family trip summer lived midwest travel car part country traveled lakes fishing swimming boating drove mountains hiking packing camping traveled ocean able swim hunt sea shells ride ocean going yacht pleasant memories trips trips important spent spare winter months planning wrote places information planning trips parents thought idea vacations enjoyable interesting discovered places write travel information wrote resorts lodges vacation ranches letters travel agencies city chambers commerce contacted steamship companies airlines railroads bus companies travel counselors tour planners working organizations willing send pamphlets pamphlets designed convince resort city vacation times remember influenced material days interested travel high school student trips places friends relatives asked report school subjects tried relate travel spare money spent items travel luggage camera equipment camping gear
retail businesses buy goods directly manufacturers wholesalers sell goods consumers retail businesses found retail variety stores drug stores record stores supermarkets clothing stores car parts stores shoe stores hardware stores bakeries found downtown large cities neighborhood shopping centers small towns job retail businesses products need want buy goods sold producers wholesalers wholesalers sell goods retailers sell consumers wholesalers retailers generally sell things wholesalers sell goods larger amounts remember oranges tools read handled wholesale retail businesses reached consumer variety goods pass wholesale retail businesses endless look room dozens things handled wholesale retail businesses retail store notice goods sale alike grouping goods alike helps consumers find need common groupings goods food clothing automotive products hardware home furnishings food distribution businesses sell things eat drink grocery wholesalers supermarkets grocery stores sell things meat eggs milk vegetables sell frozen foods bread things eat drink clothing businesses sell kinds items wear clothing wholesalers retail clothing shops clothing departments department stores sell things handle women children clothes sell hats purses gloves umbrellas shoes items
easy tell wholesaling retailing wholesaling retailing businesses large small buy sell pets peanuts jobs duties wholesaling retailing businesses instance retail hardware store worker single find selling cashiering wrapping packages dust shelves price goods direct employees refunds customers decide wholesaling retailing want things things alike wholesaling retailing continuous action wholesaling retailing workers find busy customers needs deal writing talking wholesale retail businesses paperwork keeps busy re asked handle problems busy enjoy wholesaling retailing career wholesale retail businesses unusual schedules hours wholesaling retailing career worker hours monday friday hours set wants needs customers served prefer shop evening weekends wholesaling retailing employees managers turns working weekends evenings worker mornings weekdays interested wholesaling retailing career willing working
cashier checker grocery store let tell job high school nearly ago distributive education program program helps prepare wholesaling retailing careers program includes part job wholesaling retailing business whichever interests part job retailing cashier checker supermarket teacher distributive education program helped job prepared advance making sure skills knew need job practiced business arithmetic talking getting knew change knowing things job lot easier knew stores advertising selling learned goods priced kind information helped job cashier checker part senior high school worked full lived home able save bit money goal traveling left job toured europe months returned job supermarket job easy didn lose skills experience job learned love job wasn parts hard
takes deal planning skill business successful product location proper finances business organized maintain relations customers business person business called marketing marketing involves flow goods services point production final person place goods services important part marketing task promotion promotion includes activities provide communication seller goods services potential buyers goods services important major part promotion marketing process advertising understand important advertising need think job advertising part entire marketing activity marketing includes functions economically goods mine field forest factory services consumer think marketing path products move production beginning goods services finally consumed end path businesses provide services assist movement products persons businesses called middlemen kinds middlemen according occur path nature services perform sample path follows simple basic path business complicated things considered ownership title transportation pricing financing product information competition important advertising
business person decided advertise advertise advertise identified promotional events ready draw advertising plan remember planning month periods actually advertisers find minimum planning month segments current month plan dealt specific terms coming month plan start general terms specific beginning period comes closer soon firm begins month cycle staff planning month period beginning advance month plan composed advertising programs basic advertising goes week week promotional events planned occur month period month period major promotional events days weeks promotional event advertised usual basic advertising firm reduced discontinued actual mechanics building month plan vary size nature business small business firm limited advertising needs list advertising planned month write calendar advertised larger firms complex advertising needs develop special worksheets aid planning case basic questions need answered advertised media advertiser set date advertising broadcast dates steps determined
advertising agency works advertiser unlike media reps loyalty media represent advertising agency responsible client advertising agencies compensated commissions fees earn commissions receiving portion percent dollar advertising place media local business person realize media price rates local rate general national rate local retail rate lower business advertising agency undoubtedly paying general national rate advertising agencies arrange perform advertising fee basis cases agency set fixed fee services commissions earned agency placement advertisements media credited account business gotten understanding advertising taking courses workshops offered schools colleges small enrollment fee expert instruction business similar concerns marketing departments schools colleges arrange students advertising classes business project basis students gain hand experience business gains enthusiastic knowledgeable help planning advertising program advertising budget important part planning successful advertising reduces hard facts basis advertising carried firm businesses establish advertising budgets methods successful careful thought business insight
radio indoors outdoors cars shops offices homes factories find radio surveys report percent cars percent homes radios season radio tends consistently listened radio primary news entertainment source turn radio bed leave sleep smaller communities radio daily advertising media provide advertiser means getting sales messages customers size community radio selling message community quickly supermarket manager buy truckload sweet corn melons radio advertise hours selection radio station selection direct mail list station patterns programming music news information attracts listeners characteristics selectivity means advertiser personalize selling messages needs interest type customer radio advertisements presented unlike media message stands seconds message air compete advertisement source listener attention radio media goes potential customer car drivers turn car radios travel shopping
radio advertisements prepared professionals try music voice ads repeated introductory music voice build recognition ad listeners radio copy ads conversational friendly presented manner suggest talking listener advertiser try business prices mentioned times commercial copy subtle ad clever purpose buy message straightforward wasted words cost radio advertisement vary according number listeners reached broadcast commercial national network going radio stations cost commercial local station cost radio stations package series spot announcements times week month packages considerably reduce cost individual announcement advertiser explore cost packages radio station located market area characteristics listeners success businesses station serve guideline determining wise purchase advertising communities advertiser choice amplitude modulation fm frequency modulation radio stations radio station broadcasts standard broadcast band kilohertz
mcpherson gave ahead trial plan evaluation based number valid inquiries received increased volume business ms benoit help advertising service company program end results change advertising effort follows requests information received firms previously contacted served hcc sales increased sales representatives reported positive results increased advertising follow calls cases sales representatives reported easier additional advertising specialty received summary hydraulic controls company found unused produciton capacity known need product logical company try increase sales choice personal selling assisting present staff effort advertising uncommon business situation choosing increased advertising effort case primary need company find firms potential users hydraulic controls advertising plan brought advertising messages top level management national business magazine choice media combination print direct mail specialty advertising effective supported existing marketing plan outcome justified additional advertising expenditure investment sales increase represents percent sales advertising company spent percent sales advertising cases illustrate effective profitable advertising technical aspects advertising explained assumed high quality advertising
important characteristic business constantly changing dynamic instance principal means transportation centuries horse cross country railroad completed goods traveled faster rail horse fifty rail continued principal means transportation widespread automobile large percentage goods began move car bus truck airplane invented passengers merchandise transported faster plane rail car slow mile hour planes quickly jets cross country carrying goods matter hours similar types industries centuries natural fibers wool cotton basic materials fabrics clothing bedding draperies similar items result chemical research synthetic fibers rayon nylon polyester developed large quantities place natural fibers war ii business spent large amounts money research order develop products processes services products services bases businesses increased sales existing businesses occurred products manufactured services offered place business firms operate methods selling advertising buying warehousing credit collection procedures personnel practices changed changing firms established branches foreign countries cases facilitate sales countries products produced country
addition affecting goals business social problems influenced action owners managers workers business greatly concerned treat workers values changed employees longer content dull jobs want variety opportunity participate decisions directly affect working lives human factor business added importance motivates workers studied renewed vigor psychologists engaged firms find ways stimulate employees large corporations especially tried job enriching individual workers personal goals business goals brought past discussion job satisfaction workers presented chapter area change business brought consumers consumer revolt poor quality defective merchandise high prices caused business firms sensitive needs buyers past consumers expressed buying buying goods services today consumer means communicate consumers rely government protection undesirable business practices conditions change values society demand added consumer safeguards president john kennedy delivered congress special message consumer protection included famous rights consumers shown illus message kind president united states office consumer affairs oca exists washington director serving special assistant president
large companies deal business countries small firms business nations firms business foreign countries face special problems speaking native language problem include adjusting country customs business practices foreign country social economic legal political systems country understanding economic systems gain understanding system systems capitalism socialism communism socialism economic system government controls regulates means production scarce resources satisfy wants decided part government socialists agree productive resources government extreme socialists want government natural resources capital goods middle road socialists believe planning production economy achieved government owns key industries believe productive resources owned individuals businesses socialism generally disliked united states limits individual property productive purposes private property basic capitalism private property exists socialistic economies degrees depending amount government ownership control socialism forms exists countries western europe countries sweden italy britain briefly defined communism forced socialism productive resources nation owned government
agreed stockholder votes matters arising meetings stockholders voting stockholders vote share owned king sell shares burton burton shares percent total shares stock issued burton control corporation officers corporation told lawyer karen ritter send stockholder notices stockholders meetings held stockholders share receive notices meetings stockholders attend meetings personally represented proxy proxy written authorization vote behalf person signing proxy common practice proxy form included letter announcing stockholders meeting proxy corporation shown illus close corporation called closely held corporation offer shares stock public sale owned stockholders help run business manner partners operate business york burton king close corporation partners stock operate business states close corporation need financial activities known public stock offered general sale prepare reports obtained charter tax purposes prepare reports states operates
marketing overly important recently past limited number producers served customers demand products greater supply result producers concentrated mainly physical problems related making basic product quantity standard living improved number producers increased customers able select products numerous competitors companies attempted provide customers wanted successful result war ii producers marketing oriented market oriented producer concentrates getting customers accept company product service keeping needs consumer uppermost mind design production distribution stages product called marketing concept company adopted marketing concept marketing manager part top management involved decisions products producer decides distribute product consumers determine market served term market generally means place buyers sellers transact business refers type buyer business wishes attract buyers found producers need clearly identify markets product manufacturer potential customers cost reasons wise attempt reach customers business tries place potential customers groups decide group groups target audience product population characteristics group consumers age family status sex education income occupation
commonly methods transporting goods railroad truck airplane business find feasible type transportation shipment types shipments railway transportation common forms shipping united states includes carload freight cl carload freight lcl principal advantage rail transportation low cost moving heavy bulky goods distances delays route drop cars arrived destination add cars train communities serviced railroads extra charge railroads cities provide called store door delivery railroad picks ups goods shipper place business loads goods railroad cars ships destination city unloads delivers business ordered railroad shipment rates generally expressed rates pounds ton rates carload freight shipments higher carload shipments rates products weigh shipped distance instance commodities high unit television sets higher rate commodities low unit coal distances miles trucks carry freight trucks importance communities infrequent railroad service shipments truck generally picked shipper place business delivered directly receiver place business trucking companies load trucks trailers place railroad cars shipped destination
business firms advertising newspapers magazines economical form advertising business firms direct mail advertising literature mailed directly prospects effective economical businesses find combination types advertising business opportunity direct mail advertising forms advertising small companies afford expensive advertisements large city newspapers magazines radio television find small advertisements local newspapers neighborhood newspapers types direct mail advertising types items services advertised effectively classified section newspaper low cost businesses find postal card shown illus economical effective means direct mail advertising direct mail advertising makes possilbe business direct advertising message individually selected recipients newspapers effect company advertising influenced position paper location page size relation items page reader interest adjacent material page attention getting quality advertisement piece direct mail advertising easily saved future reference interested recipient newspaper ordinarily discarded publication coupons extensively promote sale goods coupons proved effective psychological spur buying principally introduce product maintain increase company share market established product brands coupons newspaper magazine advertisements distributed direct mail
order satisfactory payroll records provide information needed business owner satisfy federal authorities complete record employees employee showing hours worked regular wages paid overtime wages types deductions wages records employer regular reports simple set payroll records shown illus financial records including accounts customers vital information safe protected hazards fire theft records accounts customers stolen easily destroyed fire office fireproof safe vault records fireproof filing cabinets information stored computers protected damage loss caused weather conditions computers climate controlled settings air conditioned offices damage computer information caused reason business firms restrict entrance computer centers authorized workers business firms photographic technique called microfilming process amount data reduced size stored film recalled showing projection screen process save valuable storage space effective filing information retrieval generally fast reference valuable documents deeds leases contracts bank safe deposit boxes adequate protection office intricate business relations modern civilization budgeting important
balance sheet income statement presents data revenue expenses profit period shown comparisons month revenue expenses profit increasing decreasing actual amount item compared budgeted amount detailed analysis income statement especially helpful controlling individual expenses month month budgeting future expenditures fair analyze individual items income statement percentages percentage revenue spent rent food items found easily let total revenue equal percent dividing total revenue deduction revenue percentages computed making comparisons instance find percentage income spent rent divide rental payment total revenue equals decimal changed percentage multiplying result shows october rent percent revenue type calculation comparison expense addition profit percentage determined dividing revenue net profit multiplying equals percent percent profit compared month percent profit percent profit percent profit improvement financial condition calculations bob santry manage personal finances want save percent revenue wishes save percent clues reach goal
public accounting person independently member public accounting firm public accountants sell services individuals businesses doctor services individual accountant accounting firm public accountant required education experience passes required examination certified public accountant cpa cpa certificate signifies professional status public accounting public accountants perform variety duties accounting business check verify accounting records businesses accountants public accountants asked review accounting procedures suggest ways increase profits individuals businesses employ public accountants prepare income tax reports prepare analyze interpret financial statements private accounting person employed private business institution private accounting similar nature public accounting private accounting person works employee business according department labor employed accounting field number employed accountants employed bookkeepers accounting clerks bookkeeping worker classification includes accounting clerks labor projections show demand additional accountants projections show demand bookkeeping workers increasing demand additional persons trained automated equipment businesses accounting clerks accountants data processing workers combine complete total accounting
manager needs financial information wise decisions control daily activities plans future operations business business financial records needed preparing tax reports detailed facts kind called data recording sorting classifying calculating summarizing reporting data called data processing processing financial data pen ink simple office machines called manual accounting processing financial data specialized accounting machines called machine accounting processing financial data specialized accounting machines called automated data processing automated data processing restricted solely accounting activities known automated accounting businesses method processing data businesses automated equipment manual machine methods part total accounting system regardless method equipment basic accounting principles system basic accounting principles common double entry accounting systems total things business owns assets equal total claims assets equities equities commonly divided claims outsiders liabilities claims owners capital debits equal credits business transaction total things owned business total assets creditors claims liabilities business assets amount owed assets remaining liabilities deducted claim owners business capital statement relationship assets liabilities capital business called fundamental accounting equation fundamental accounting equation stated assets equities
account balances accounts subsidiary ledger listed totaled total list compared balance controlling account general ledger list balance due charge customer total due charge customers called schedule accounts receivable schedule accounts receivable prepared january shown accounts receivable ledger account gerald augburn account balance january account listed schedule accounts receivable list balance owed creditor total owed creditors called schedule accounts payable schedule accounts payable prepared data accounts payable subsidiary ledger schedule accounts payable prepared general accounting clerk january shown accounts payable subsidiary ledger account dixie supply company balance creditor account january account listed schedule accounts payable balances general ledger controlling accounts compared totals schedules amounts balance accounts receivable account total schedule posting accounts receivable ledger proved balance balance controlling account accounts payable total schedule accounts payable posting accounts payable ledger proved balance
banks detailed records depositors checking accounts records show deposits received depositor checks cashed bank account miscellaneous charges account miscellaneous charges include items charges stopping payment checks collecting notes checking account service charges banks parts country ways figuring bank service charge banks omit charge depositor large balance checking account report bank depositor showing deposits withdrawals charges ending bank balance called bank statement banks send monthly statements depositors statement bank includes canceled checks listed statement october amaros received monthly bank statement shown amount column headed balance bank balance checking account amaros september banks request depositors report errors found bank statements depositor immediately check bank statement accuracy bank balance compared checkbook balance process bringing bank balance check stub balance agreement called reconciling bank statement lucas ortez accounting clerk steps form printed bank statement reconciling bank statement month reconciliation amaros september bank statement shown adjusted checkbook balance adjusted bank balance bank charges listed bank statement considered cash payments bank check issued payments amount bank charges recorded cash payments journal
separate stock record card prepared kind merchandise carried stock additional merchandise received entry recorded purchases columns balance hand updated balance column merchandise sold entry recorded sales columns balance updated quantity kind merchandise obtained quickly referring amount balance column stock record card high volume business needing perpetual inventory records business decisions automated equipment maintain continuous record merchandise inventory automated equipment greatly decreases effort required maintain perpetual inventory data relating purchases sales fed computer computer programmed update inventory records immediately computer prints daily record items low supply need reordered complete listing inventory required computer furnish printed record updated inventory short advantages computer perpetual inventory speed handled greater accuracy inventory records merchandising businesses keeping perpetual inventory electronic computer specially designed cash register part system item merchandise code number price tag code number recorded cash register sale recorded result punched paper tape prepared inside cash register coded record items sold
employers employees pay fica taxes employers pay federal unemployment taxes funds pay qualified workers cash benefits limited periods unemployment states employees earnings taxed unemployment taxes employees pay federal unemployment taxes payroll taxes expense employer based percentage employee earnings employer fica tax figured rate earnings figuring fica tax employees federal unemployment tax employee earnings calendar unemployment tax rates vary states states tax based employee earnings nearly states employers secure reduction maximum rate provide steady employment employees rate employee earnings common amount employers pay unemployment tax rate textbook diana ramos accountant figures employer payroll taxes payroll register pages shows withheld employees salaries fica tax employer pays amount fica tax employees amaros fica tax amount unemployment tax september payroll figured checking total line column headed unemployment compensation line employee earnings record employees amaros earned september payroll unemployment taxes paid period journal entry includes unemployment taxes shown lines general journal page
data subsidiary ledgers stored magnetic disk storage connected computer system data processing department batch control sheets provide record summarizes data journal entry transmittals purchases cash payments sales cash receipts general transactions provide additional control automated data processing system junior accountant prepares control sheets accounts payable accounts receivable journal entry transmittals prepare control sheets subsidiary ledgers form recording control totals accounts payable called accounts payable control sheet accounts payable control sheet shows latest condition accounts payable accounts payable control sheet november shown beginning accounting period balance accounts payable account entered beginning balance column column control sheet transactions affecting accounts payable recorded control sheet summary form summary totals recorded accounts payable control sheets obtained journal entry transmittals purchases cash payments page general transactions page batch data totals identified explanation column transmittals balance accounts payable controlling account total purchases merchandise account balance includes purchases account supplies total purchases merchandise account total purchases account added recorded accounts payable control sheets combined total total purchases merchandise account purchases discount cash payments account obtained journal entry transmittal page
data punched cards prepared journal entry transmittals read processed computer system illustrated systems flowchart page daily accounting reports prepared computer system entry register accounts payable register accounts receivable register report includes listing daily transactions batch control totals batch control totals computed computer system transactions processed data daily transaction posted computer accounts general ledger subsidiary ledgers stored magnetic disk storage entry register november transactions illustrated page entries posted individual accounts subsidiary ledgers computer adds individual amounts posting completed total posted controlling account general ledger entry register page lines shows batch journal entries purchases merchandise account entries represent credits individual accounts accounts payable subsidiary ledger total entries posted controlling account general ledger accounts payable account titles recorded journal entry transmittals input media punched cards account titles accounts general ledger subsidiary ledgers stored magnetic disk storage account titles entry register read magnetic disk storage printed batch control totals computed computer system printed entry register totals identified entry register asterisk printed total
organization legal act person owned persons called corporation corporations organized conduct business earn profit owners corporations organized non profit purposes american red cross organized corporation charitable social purposes foundations incorporated promote educational research activities governmental units cities towns incorporated serve needs residents non profit corporations depend gifts dues taxes support ownership corporation divided units unit ownership corporation called share stock owner shares corporation called stockholder evidence number shares stockholder owns corporation called stock certificate total shares ownership corporation called capital stock corporation owners owners elect small group represent owners interests responsible management corporation group person elected stockholders manage corporation called board directors board directors determines corporate policies selects officers management delegated typical organization chart lines authority extending stockholder directors president officers chief accounting officer corporation called controller controller supervises staff accountants junior accountants accounting clerks treasurer custody corporation funds secretary keeps minutes meetings directors stockholders represents company legal matters
business needs records past operations wise decisions future operations accounting system business business managers owners data needed wise decisions control daily activities business needs records supplying information employees government units tax purposes detailed facts kind called data recording sorting classifying calculating summarizing reporting data called data processing procedures processing financial data business part responsibility accountants depending size business extent transactions accountants procedures process financial data processing financial data pen ink called manual accounting processing financial data common office machines sort summarize calculate called machine accounting processing financial data automated machines called automated data processing businesses processing data businesses automated equipment manual machine methods part total processing system regardless method equipment basic accounting principles basic principles common systems double entry accounting shown top page total things business owns assets equal total claims assets equities equities divided liabilities capital debits equal credits business transaction accounting records business total assets business total things owned business
report shows owned owed business worth specific date called balance sheet balance sheet dawson gift shop january shown balance sheet prepared balance sheet debit credit columns sheet page amount owner capital amount shown capital statement page accumulated depreciation store equipment shown balance sheet accumulated depreciation complete account title obvious amount applies asset recorded line store equipment accountant prefers report accumulated depreciation complete title accumulated depreciation store equipment ledger accounts based entries recorded journal journal entries bring general ledger accounts date called adjusting entries sheet financial statement prepared needed business adjusting entries recorded posted end fiscal period business general journal adjusting entries recorded journal dawson gift shop combination journal adjusting entries dawson gift shop recorded combination journal adjusting entries prepared dawson gift shop january shown adjusting entries data adjustments columns sheet page words adjusting entries written account title column identify group entries follows sheet permanent part accounting records
petty cash fund replenished amount cash fund low morgan market petty cash fund replenished fund replenished end fiscal period payment petty cash fund recorded fiscal period occur replenish petty cash fund petty cash vouchers sorted according accounts charged total amount cash needed bring petty cash fund original balance figured check written amount check cashed cash petty cash drawer entry cash payments journal check written replenish petty cash entry debits accounts petty cash paid credits cash total amount check entry lines cash payments journal page shows check replenish petty cash recorded banks detailed records depositors checking accounts records show deposits received depositor checks cashed bank account miscellaneous charges account examples miscellaneous charges include items charges stopping payment checks charges collecting notes charges bank drafts issued bank service charges maintaining checking account banks parts country ways figuring bank service charge banks omit charge depositor maintains large balance checking account
debit delivery equipment records original cost truck debit accumulated depreciation delivery equipment cancels amount accumulated depreciation recorded truck credit delivery equipment cancels original cost truck credit cash records amount paid cash truck truck recorded books original cost equal amount cash paid book truck amount recorded truck bought cash future depreciation calculated recorded truck fully depreciated difference cash recorded equalized buildings business owns operation business depreciate rate depreciation buildings smaller machinery equipment buildings longer accumulated depreciation account maintained buildings adjusting entry depreciation buildings prepared end fiscal period building disposed entry record disposal similar entry record disposal equipment additional depreciation date disposal recorded cost price building canceled accumulated depreciation date canceled difference book building amount cash received recorded gain loss cash received book loss recorded account loss fixed assets
types businesses kinds accrued income common examples accrued income interest earned rent earned cash received accrued income occurs accounted records reported financial statements amount accrued income determined adjusting entry record terms sale phillips hardware call net payment customers days date sale credit extended days customers sign promissory notes bearing interest rate december end quarterly fiscal period notes receivable account phillips hardware debit balance amount interest income earned received found calculating amount interest earned note receivable interest earned cash received commonly called interest receivable interest receivable end fiscal period asset business interest earned income business fiscal period earned order books show true condition business end fiscal period amount interest earned received recorded asset income december accountant phillips hardware finds interest earned received amounts adjusting entry record accrued interest income analyzed accounts debit interest receivable records asset interest earned received
posting completed cash account debits total cash investments written memorandum entry line cash receipts journal convenience proving cash cash receipts journal wade nash showing beginning cash balance memorandum entry illustrated accounts partner capital section general ledger represents investment called partner capital account represents personal account called partner drawing account opening entries wade nash posted partner capital account shows total initial investment partnership capital accounts general ledger wade nash start partnership shown capital account partner show equity business ownership end fiscal period capital accounts debited losses credited profits business ratio stated articles partnership temporary capital recorded drawing accounts partner withdraws cash merchandise amounts charged individual drawing account sole proprietorship withdrawals partners frequently disagreement reason partners agreements paragraph labeled sixth page states partner withdraw assets excess salary written consent partner change membership dissolves partnership admission partner ends original partnership brings partnership
businesses bank accounts bank cases separate account general ledger bank account separate check register bank account single check register separate amount columns bank account masters company bank account single check register voucher check written voucher voucher paid masters company prepares voucher check duplicate duplicate copy source document entry check register check recorded check register numerical order missing check numbers accounted check recorded check register debit accounts payable credit cash discount prompt payment amount owed amount discount recorded credit departmental purchases discount credit column voucher system accounts general ledger affected cash payments transactions accounts debited credited voucher recorded voucher register special amount columns provided check register accounts payable debit purchases discount credit department cash credit totals columns posted check register shown columns heading bank columns date record amount cash bank account bank deposits columm record amounts depositied bank account
administrative expense budget shows expected expenditures budget period operating expenses directly related selling operation prepared budget committee basis recommendations treasurer study past records discussions department managers evaluation company plans light anticipated economic conditions preparation selling expense budget separate budget prepared administrative expense items separate budgets combined total administrative expense budget number administrative expenses definitely fixed amounts known closely estimated beginning masters company term lease building located lease requires payment month rent reason easy estimate budget rent expense month income expense budget summarizes data sales budget purchases budget selling expense budget administrative expense budget generally income expense budget shows budget estimates actual amounts previous income expense budget masters company shown page budget period comparison income expense budget actual amounts prepared monthly statement shows variations promptly occur steps correct unfavorable situations budget remaineder revised management cash important success business
tax levied federal government sales services called excise tax excise tax book published applied items air travel firearms fishing equipment telephone communications gasoline liquor tobacco excise tax recorded manner sales tax amount excise tax collected recorded debit cash credit excise tax payable total amount excise tax owed government paid excise tax payable debited cash credited legally kinds property real personal land permanently attached land called real property real property real estate property rightfully classified real property called personal property personal property includes things cash merchandise delivery equipment supplies government units tax real property government units tax real property personal property tax rates real property personal property property tax authorities tax purposes called assessed amount property tax figured multiplying assessed property property tax rate assessed real property determined judgment persons known assessors real estate assessed fraction market community practice assess real estate market piece property worth assessed government unit establishes property tax rate determine total assessed property taxed total income property tax needed government unit
words important part everyday lives words babies remembered lifetime words repeated reverence society produces words millions books written read newspapers magazines published hundred thousands radio television carry verbal pictorial messages airwaves hours billboards describe products send greeting cards grandparents telephone grandchildren friends share secrets baseball players argue umpires case communicating trying communicate activity page help understand ways communicate thousands words learn words early communicate needs moods grow older words added vocabulary eventually able talk speaks language words actions don communicate talk write reason don understand trying say learning communicate learning understand understood needs able communicate effectively understood communicating important part study communications safe say large share problems personal result inadequate communication activity page give idea importance communicating help lay foundation study communicating helpful develop definition business communication
equally important develop skill receiving communication employers case employer sender receiver vital business understand exactly communications directed supervisor communications serve purposes business asked order item call customer asked rearrange desks advertise merchandise reason communication important business understand money lost today inadequate communication improving understanding communications employers reduce losses understanding directions responding suggestions paying attention general communications employers beneficial employee results improved employee performance improved performance turn rewarded promotions pay raises recognition employers paying attention job provide rewards due customers business important groups develop communications customers retailer motto goes wouldn business businessperson knows customers buy goods services business order profit communications customers contribute health profit loss business communication customers employees centers needs businessperson learn understand types customers need communication improved customers need clothing food housing protection need ballet lessons entertainment status symbols
addition letter writing writing skills required memos announcements directions frequently written written understood words advertisements invoices goods services rendered written applications jobs technical directions written examples requirements business writing skills convinced business writing essential skill activity page help develop writing skills traditional reading prominent place education assumed important role preparation business receiving written messages reading fast efficient reading potential clear concise easily understood businesspersons read kinds messages read letters course read directions boxes memos boss notes company bulletin board spend reading company reports signs walls written complaints praise customers reading rapidly accurately making receive message writer intended send goal reading communicating words recent form communication receive attention form communication recently begun realize importance significant communicating words communicating words impossible think communication consist words remember definition communication consists messages received
negative feelings difficult express employer reasons common reasons fear penalized fear embarrassed fear labeled emotional weak avoid fears employees distort conceal true negative feelings alfonse ambitious young works chief burger fast food business alfonse wants promoted assistant manager manager month owner chief burger mrs tangredi met alfonse discussed alfonse past performance future goals mrs tangredi told alfonse alice night manager line job manager naturally alfonse pleased mrs tangredi gave alfonse cent hour raise alfonse upset small raise believed raise cents hour actually expected raise cents hour question mind raise received unfair alfonse express true feelings mrs tangredi simply smiled thanked alfonse express true feeling afraid complaining small raise hurt chances promoted manager employees alfonse ambitious want promoted employees reveal true negative feelings boss employees alfonse believe disclosing negative feeling lead punishment punishment case alfonse lose chance promotion employees conceal distort negative feelings disclosure embarrassment major danger embarrassment comes disagreeing employer
major barrier effective upward communication caused individuals susceptible negative influence individuals listen believe negative thinking times negative thinking upward communication problems george cann cabinetmaker negative attitude making suggestions employer unhappy experience past george started working shop noticed thought unusual shop special tool called air router router powered compressed air tool mechanics remove tires gas station save hours building wood cabinets george figured air routers hooked compressors paint division shop asked find workers shop air routers workers admitted air router shop george decided suggest shop air routers woodworkers george offered suggestion boss boss replied asked george reasons boss compressors paint shop small handle air routers compressors cost george knew boss known small compressors paint shop george felt bit stupid suggestion ago george offered suggestion younger employees george sound idea discussing manager
story takes place invention television days radio popular businesses employed door door salespeople salespeople similar today door door sellers avon cosmetics fuller brush products edgar hicks traveling shoe salesperson recently hired area manager office tulsa oklahoma edgar territory large part ozark mountains ozarks thought populated poor uneducated edgar leaving tulsa office drive territory met al myers territory edgar al told edgar going real problems selling shoes folks ozarks edgar al plain suspicious strangers salespeople luck edgar drove ozarks month trying sell shoes end month returned tulsa office quit job edgar told area manager sell shoes don strangers half don wear shoes area manager hired clark wilson sell shoes territory town guessed clark met edgar edgar told bad experience quit clark drove ozarks started selling shoes month clark set company sales record sold shoes southern area clark returned tulsa office supplies area manager wanted clark nice going small towns
employees find negative feedback hard receive simply natural protective reaction criticism told wrong protective reaction defensive reaction ready run fight person giving negative feedback purpose defensive reaction cover mistakes weaknesses reacting facts judgments makes difference react defensively defensive reaction includes behaviors shifting blame falsely asking sympathy denying problem exists turning shift blame admitting wrong fault remember barry chewed invoice incorrectly barry gave wrong information blamed addition errors calculator saying working properly barry interrupting couldn think ways blame endless certainly give wrong information machines don correctly course simply don blame cover admit wrong try boss overlook mistakes sympathy seekers hope boss feel sorry process getting sympathy includes falsely asking help luggage display employer sorry confused morning friend quarreled night
fully understand importance communicating customers need definition customers description roles business simply customer person group persons buys product service business describing roles customers examples person buying airline ticket chicago toronto customer farmer buying tractor customer buying ticket movie customer obvious customers purchase health insurance policies buy mail order catalogs schools buy paper supplies classroom customers space try write ways members family recently customer teacher allow compare list class sentence chapter stated customers important part business statement true earn money important goal business called making profit order profit businesses organize provide goods services customers buy customers buy goods services part money pay goes profit part money enables business owner stay business living obvious conclusion draw businesses customers profit reason important businesspersons study customers needs businesspersons hard meet needs
wanted thick cold creamy milk shake wanted double meat burger sesame seed bun want gasoline prices low pair latest thing blue jeans wants important wanting things common trait wanting things characteristic wants wants limit end called unlimited wants economics starts begins unlimited wants ages wants want desire give pleasure satisfy need thirsty wants satisfy thirst water ice snow watermelon tea root beer hungry wants eat cereal wild berries vegetables hot dogs fried chicken yogurt person wants change age milk cereal baby coke hot dog teenager uncola fried chicken wanted age thirty change tea yogurt age seventy wanted give pleasure satisfy need called goods important details chapter goods important supplying wants wants noneconomic free goods supply wants wants economic economic goods satisfy economic wants want attention grade praise friend help satisfy want want praise careful driver
england kings queens interested making nation believed economic system mercantilism system mercantilism production trade based increasing nation supply money wealth increased profits wealth merchants powerful reasoned kind economic action nation powerful chosen mercantilism england wanted gold discovery trade nations step exports goods sold nations cut imports goods bought nations increase manufacturing step population increase labor resources england choice mercantilism led government increase taxes imports treaties crush competing nations step wanted kinds manufacturing production give special economic favors persons businesses cut unwanted kinds production set colonies stop production goods increase ship transportation desire gold silver discover found america resources gold silver found american colonists exporting raw materials european producers colonies imported english goods provided markets exports colonists viewpoint british mercantilism taking economic political freedom colonists disliked england laws colonial manufacturing trade american revolution part war english economic system mercantilism middle century anger american colonists rising english enforcement mercantilism england getting richer american imports
america busy place suppose movie screen united states jobs wide plains river valleys gentle rolling hills farmers producing food driving tractors running farm machines raising corn grain crops picking fruits gathering vegetables kind depends season environment mountains miners digging coal mining products mineral products later power raw materials factories factories cities filled machines sizes shapes factories millions women producing goods kinds stretching curving lines railroads moving passengers freight highways tens thousands sized trucks moving things place stores shops owners salespersons selling goods serving customers banks checks cashed deposits received loans specialized service workers doctors dentists nurses lawyers judges working tasks harbors ocean going vessels remind trade takes place shores leads interdependence america picture million going jobs workers alike ways labor resources needed produce wanted goods services earn incomes buy goods services satisfy wants
community interest exist persons members boards directors competing corporations situation referred interlocking directorate interlocking directorate competition controlled companies adopt similar wage labor policies prices fixed companies public expense centralized control solve problem increasing profits individuals groups frequently created problems cases caused decreased profits competing producers result unfair cutthroat competition cases led watered stock false overpricing company par stock shares watered stock losses shareholders purchase centralized control result decreased incomes small shareholders misuse proxy proxy written agreement stockholder surrenders voting rights surrender rights control corporate directors officers corporate officers control voting excessive salaries pensions bonuses funds paid shareholders dividends business action improve public image abuses centralized business power corrected cases government answered public plea preventive action abused business power regulatory governmental agencies set enactment laws abuses centralized control ended lessened students interested history civics government remember interstate commerce act sherman antitrust act clayton antitrust act federal trade commission act public utility holding company act agencies securities exchange commission
rule marginal utility decreases number units consumed increases utility coke high person bottle case bottles utility bottle bottle tendency marginal utility decrease supply units increases called law diminishing marginal utility let look operation law warm thirsty willing pay cents cold bottle coke buy bottle coke drink price lowered words unit coke possess marginal utility buyer buyer purchase bottle condition utility offset lower price respond price similarly types demand goods cases slight change price result big change number units purchased cases big change price effect amount public buy refer figure shows small increase price baking potatoes result large decrease quantity vegetable buy case react price change show buying fewer baking potatoes
recent times united states generally believed exceptions government undertake fix prices course early date majority endorse protective tariff laws protective tariff tax duty designed reduce imports foreign competitive products laws partially relieved manufacturers competition foreign producers passing protective tariffs government indirectly influenced prices laws enabled manufacturers charge protected goods laws war ii federal government undertook rigid regulation prices kinds goods rationed limiting amount purchased individuals families merchants tried sell maximum prices subject arrest trial convicted liable fine imprisonment severe emergency measures enacted congress deal war economic conditions felt war needs justified imposition war ii repealed decade united states played larger part viet nam war increasing threats price stability economy power presidency influence wage negotiations presidential power discourage price increases basic industries steel aluminum rise executive power caused persons including economists raise question future price making process important sectors economy present government taking active part price fixing federal level mention examples minimum wage laws
agricultural industry basic resource land speaks low farm income speaking low rental return land farmers kinds farm aid including price supports government purpose aid bring farm income higher level closely match income gains persons industry nonfarm businesses colonial days recently farmers attempted washing erosion land numbers farmers replanted crops wore exhausted soil farmers restore fertitlity soil early days virginia thomas jefferson wrote buy acre land cheaper manure acre reuse table illustrate erosion exhaustion reduce rents farmland greatest fertility put production limited investment capital labor give supramarginal rent yield plot fertility soil washes land plot plot dollar amount capital labor investment show decreased return land rent negative rent land assistance soil conservation service department agriculture agencies helped farmers restore eroded land land fertility action shift land plot position fertility negative rent greatest fertility positive rent land plot southern states east mississippi river important cotton growing region
labor leaders proposing demanding employees paid salaries hourly piecework daily wages contend rapidly growing automatically controlled processes production production justify salaries usual methods calculating wage rates corporations employers favor sharing profits business employees strike community brought demand workers higher pay attempt prevent reduction pay disputes wages frequent strikes periods rising prices labor unions insist higher wages members reason maintain real wages cost living goes labor unions claim money wages increase proportion workers suffer loss real wages case labor unions demand maintenance real wages means increase money wages money wages increased sufficiently enable wage earners buy amount rise prices increase real wages circumstances function union maintain wages business depressions occur employers try cut expenses lowering wages workers naturally oppose efforts reduce wages aim labor unions resisting efforts employers reduce money wages resistance secure increase real wages members cost living goes money wages remain real wages increase
chief function money serve medium means exchange sellers ordinarily exchange goods money buyers exchange money goods satisfactory medium exchange modern business money perform secondary incidental functions functions measure store basis credit standard deferred payment individuals wish exchange goods form estimates respective utilities goods reason transactions involve exchange money goods standard stating values needed usual standards measuring volume distance weight bushel foot pound suitable measures gold divide units compare desire unit desire units goods services unit unit essentially occurred adopted dollar unit congress authorized fixing grains pure gold grains pure silver money unit decreed quantities gold silver called dollar weight gold dollar changed later kinds money authorized case money based gold silver dollar want pay dollar things
citizen country opportunity vote help decide future course economy takes want pay higher taxes roads schools want pay lower taxes accept poorer roads schools cast vote understand choices candidates economic choices decide candidates vote want political candidate position issue need understand economic implications favor tax cut reduce unemployment tax cut increased inflation favor free trade countries expect buy american products questions important part understanding economics vital success marketplace workplace voting booth person thinks term economics impressions mind students associate term economics money stock market inflation taxes unemployment economics scientific body knowledge analyze explain cases predict economic behavior economics social science deals society allocates scarce resources unlimited wants needs social science economics concerned interact society economic behavior centered basic economic problem basic economic problem scarcity
hypothetical information choice alternative individual evaluation individual places unique service cheeseburger chicken sandwiches friends feel opposite friend chicken sandwich cheeseburgers entitled preference economists developed term describe strength preference call utility utility satisfaction receives consumption ownership service unit measurement utility util cheeseburger instance cheeseburger utils units satisfaction chicken sandwich choose wisely choices maximize utility choice related concept economists psychic income psychic income nonmonetary satisfaction received taking action psychic income called psychic utility volunteer hospital pay receive psychic income psychic utility receive personal satisfaction utility psychic income prestige enjoy president united states president salary presidents large companies earn money reason person want president united states addition money income benefits honor president honor holder office psychic income
existence individual hamburger producers individual hamburger consumers contributes efficiency hamburger industry mcdonald burger king wendy hamburger companies compete consumer buying decision competition rivalry parties gain benefits party competition forces producers aim efficiency small local restaurant able produce hamburger feel equal big mac competitive price leaves possibilities local restaurant wants compete mcdonald price restaurant improve ability produce equal sandwich equal price alternative hamburger business competition encourages companies efficient forces weaker efficient companies industry competition marketplace works consumer advantage competition consumers town wanted big mac local mcdonald produce amount consumers wanted prices rise willing able pay higher price big macs consumers priced market big mac cost fewer consumers buy consumers wealthy willing pay sandwich competition consumers hamburgers mean settle form food competition consumer side exists competition producers suppose wanted buy tickets concert ticket counter found tickets left
price products increase demand suppose price margarine goes expect amount margarine demanded decline substitute butter expensive margarine rise price margarine increase demand butter butter margarine thought substitute products substitute products products similar replace true cassette tapes records price records goes demand tapes rise able think pairs products relationship true complementary products products goods complementary products decrease price increase demand suppose price ski equipment afford buy skis demand ski clothing ski facilities lodges lifts decrease demand caused reverse increase demand price complementary product goes demand original product consider effect gasoline prices demand automobile tires price gas goes reduce number miles drive results tire wear tire demand goes incomes fell cut consumption commodities normal goods attitudes decrease increase demand
market system acting interest decisions guide economy purchase guide direction economy buy wool sweater signal producers want wool sweaters course signal won mean deal thousands buyers send signal message clear buy wool sweater idea increasing employment woolen mills adding profits mill owners buy wool sweater owning wearing decision buy sweater based interest makes buy producers wool sweaters respond consumers signals employing factors production sweaters producers don sweaters government agency tells expect money producers sweaters interest system markets market wool sweaters heart economic system depend free markets communicate information consumers producers government regulation influence economy government involvement economies lean command type economic systems markets provide mechanism exchange consumers exchange money goods services producers producers exchange money factors production making products owners factors money role consumers exchange process starts
alfred marshall born london july father wanted career church age decided study mathematics st john college cambridge marshall graduated honors teaching career interests slowly turned ethics economics marshall upset existing condition society poor despite general economic concerned finding ways rid misery suffering poor study economics natural direction person concerns clearly thought religious economic forces important influences behavior alfred marshall married mary payly economics teacher worked married fact worked preparing book economics industry marshall wrote book called principles economics impact study economics single book found economics texts today origins marshall marshall person importance putting supply demand find price product marshall economists thought demand supply forces important marshall explained importance looking demand supply comparing pair scissors works blade scissors cutting piece paper blades cutting tool likewise supply demand determine price
determining produce price charge firms monopolistic competition act monopolist sale added amount increases revenue costs firm advised added costs added revenue firm sell making comparisons firm settle figure amount demand curve units sold price price charge suppose firm represented demand curve left hand side figure sells total industry sales firm total market average price industry firms total sell times amount labeled hand side figure represents market demand firm monopolistic competition monopoly power power strong substitute products firms market characteristics perfect competition control price don nearly control monopolist fact control price fairly close perfectly competitive firms suppose prices high industry large profits entry fairly easy firms start restaurant industry restaurants open total market demand shared firms
labor important input process production company demand labor production products services sold supply labor equal amount hours decide activities forces demand supply determine labor hired labor paid demand labor amount labor firms want hire wage rate wage rate price paid unit labor demand labor called derived demand derived demand demand factors production dependent demand product produced factors production amount labor demanded depends demand service produced hundred ago country horses cars big need blacksmiths cars fewer services blacksmiths needed demand blacksmiths declined need skilled workers automobile factories due higher demand cars higher derived demand workers cars clearly important factor determining company demand labor demand company product wants buy product company need hire labor think important determining labor firm demand businesses hire labor labor productive
cesar chavez born family farm yuma arizona bad weather depression forced farm business chavez family migrant workers traveled arizona california harvest crop crop labor camp pay working conditions poor chavez attended elementary schools dropped school seventh grade barely read write later learned skills chavez influenced father joined farm unions willing strike wages working conditions cesar joined national agricultural workers union age chavez joined community service organization provided social services california mexican americans organization refused help organize farm union chavez quit started national farm workers association nfwa represented workers cheated growers nfwa families enrolled won labor disputes including obtaining higher wages group rose grafters nfwa joined forces agricultural workers organization committee awoc organizations strike higher wages working conditions filipino grape pickers delano area california order effective bargaining agent field workers nfwa awoc formed united farm workers organizing committee ufwoc union head chavez ufwoc strength put real pressure grape growers ufwoc called nationwide boycott california grapes sold nonunion growers
common denominator definitions electricity form energy based movement electrons electrons basic parts atom atom smallest unit substance matter retains identity matter composes earth supports built naturally occurring elements specific form atom atom small seen powerful microscope atom consists series smaller particles bound electrical force electrical forces bind atoms called charges electrical charges identified positive negative basic rule opposite charges attract charges repel exert force drive electron negatively charged subatomic particle atom electron constant motion positively charged nucleus electrons actually groups particles balance electrical charges structure atom compared major units solar system sun center solar system corresponds nucleus atom planets revolving orbits sun electrons electrons leave atoms attracted positive forces surrounding matter electrons orbiting atoms called free electrons atoms kinds materials free electrons move easily location group atoms continuous movement electrons energy electricity electric current referred current electrons moving conductor
method identifying describing atoms atomic weight weight atom nucleus primarily protons neutrons element distinct number protons neutrons atom element distinctive weight course weight atom extremely small difficult measure practical easier establish set large number atoms form practical mass pounds kilograms taking number atoms element differences weight easier measure elements atoms protons neutrons nucleus lighter elements atoms protons neutrons specific relationship differences weight weight set number oxygen atoms times number helium atoms number bromine atoms weigh slightly times number oxygen atoms convenience scientists decided let weight set number oxygen atoms equal taking equal numbers atoms elements weights elements fall place order weight number oxygen atoms weighs kilograms instance equal number helium atoms weigh kilograms number bromine atoms weigh kilograms atom oxygen weighs times atom helium trillion oxygen atoms weigh times trillion helium atoms
series circuit electrons move continuous path conductor carries current sequence devices circuit think clothesline number items clothing hanging row line electric wire picture series circuit current moves device order course current originates negative pole source moves positive pole sink figure schematic showing number devices connected series symbols resistors cells electric lamps complete series circuit shown pictorially figure schematic circuit presented figure illustrated circuit shows current flowing negative pole battery returning positive pole battery complete path electrons meets requirement establishing complete circuit current flows resistors identified current moves lamp illustrations demonstrate series circuit involves continuous conducting path components points characteristic series circuit components break electron path burning removed circuit longer complete current able flow series circuits consider illustration string decorative lights figure typical lighting equipment sold holiday decorations illustrated circuit sockets bulbs connected series
carrier electricity called conductor term applied materials efficient carriers electricity conductors electrical systems electronic devices metal exceptions carbon metal important applications include brushes contact electric motors electrodes batteries electrodes high intensity arc lamps selecting metals commercial conductors practical trade considered silver known conductor elements cost mineral makes impractical copper efficient conductor practical wiring electrical transmission service appliances machinery aluminum efficient conductor copper weight advantages weight advantage aluminum distance transmission lines table figure lists number commonly conductors relative resistance ratings correctly known resistivities common applications figure factors affects materials conduct electricity conductivity materials conductors resistivities levels efficiency conducting current factors discussed type current carried effect performance conductors ways ac dc travel conducting wires hand ac travels exterior conductor penetrating conductor slightly conduction patterns illustrated figure patterns transmission large ac current requires wires larger diameters needed current dc
circuit breakers serve basic function fuses break circuit overloaded fuses melting links circuit breakers electromechanical devices forced open interrupt flow electricity overload occurs figure drawing circuit breaker circuit breaker mechanical device passes current spring material expands heats overheated spring forces mechanical set connectors circuit broken heat sensitive element cools rapidly matter seconds breaker reset makes re establish circuit conveniently overload condition corrected toaster plugged convenience outlet circuit break unplug toaster reset circuit plugging toaster remove load circuit toaster rating circuit try circuit circuit breakers threaded packages shown figure circuit breakers designed replace fuses designed older homes buildings initially built fuse boxes units screw sockets fuses lamps devices illumination information status circuits illuminating lamps include homes schools buildings include incandescent lamps give light glowing wire fluorescent lamps give light glowing fluorescent phosphor inside surface lamp common types illuminating lamps include units trap gaseous vapors sodium mercury
applications photovoltaic energy devised theory stated initially albert einstein einstein theorized light consists energy building einstein thompson developed experiments showed electrons forced flow metallic materials exposed beams light initial findings study led compounding specialized photovoltaic materials circuit diagram illustrating principle shown figure light source case sun generates measurable voltage shines photovoltaic cell materials react generating emf exposed energy light semiconductor materials ideal photovoltaic applications semiconductors substantial numbers surplus electrons counterparts holes atomic structures attract electrons specific materials provide excellent photovoltaic properties include germanium silicon selenium modern photovoltaic solar cells silicon base silicon abundant silicon easiest process suitable materials easily melted grown rods needed produce thin flat round wafers basis light sensitive cells silicon ideal processed material brought high level purity silicon assumes lattice molecular structure illustrated figure processed chemical purity percent initial processing delivers pure silicon rods shaped illustrated figure rods source material fabrication solar photovoltaic cells pure silicon properties form operational semiconductors pure silicon functions resistor
inductive reactance property frequency sensitive property inductive reactance means blocking screening unwanted frequencies characteristic valuable aspects electronics examples designs electronic filters radio television antennas electronic filters special circuits allow frequencies pass blocking examples filters commonly include low pass units units pass currents frequencies lower design frequency high pass filters pass frequencies design frequency filters called band pass units permit band frequencies pass figure illustrates low pass filter diagram shows coil connected series load higher frequencies increase inductive reactance circuit effect allowing low frequencies pass blocking higher frequencies high pass filter design shown figure circuit resistor series load coil circuit opposite effect figure circuit figure permits high frequencies pass shunted ground coil band pass filters require electronic components covered later chapter rl circuit includes resistance inductance resistor inductor rl circuit common rl circuit resistor inductor series shown figure rl series circuit current lags voltage phase angle degrees
transformer device principle mutual inductance transfer electrical energy source destination transformer coils transformer primary coil connected energy source secondary coil energy transferred multiple secondary coils transformer depends application design figure shows schematics basic transformers figure coils simply close air called air core transformer figure iron core coils core temporary magnet assisting inductive process transformers built commercial electric power applications constructed iron cores cores built laminations laminated core simple terms number thin sheets iron material bonded shown figure generally laminated iron cores transformers solid iron cores reason laminated cores smaller eddy current losses magnetic reluctance type laminated core shown figure open type transformers type core coils wrapped portions core configuration iron core commercially shell type shown figure type core center member coils wrapped center member structures surrounding coil core material increases magnetic induction primary secondary coil additional precision inductance devices transformers inductors toroidal cores
advantage ceramic capacitors tolerate high voltages wide ranges temperature quality reliability mica capacitors costs lower ceramic capacitors widely communications equipment electrolytic capacitors construction technique extremely high capacitance size ratio electrolytic capacitor percent large paper capacitor rating due largely extremely thin dielectric materials construction methods examples electrolytic capacitors shown figure note oxide coated film dielectric construction symmetric electrolyte contact negative plate oxide dielectric contact positive plate circuit important connect electrolytic capacitor polarity connections electrolytic capacitor marked electrolytic capacitors offered wide range capacitance values standard catalog shows electrolytic capacitors capacitances voltage ratings typically vary electrolytic capacitors generally installed low frequency devices serve filters examples include amplifiers power supplies computers electrolytic capacitors limitation present types limited shelf lives electrolyte tends deteriorate case batteries electrolytic capacitors dated expiration date shelf lives electrolytic capacitors tend actual functional electrolytic capacitor extended greatly
economic material object satisfying wants needs scarce willing pay economic material object monetary order qualify scarce mean free ball point pen meets requirements economic person able perform personal service mowing lawn health service doctor services satisfy want need monetary classified economic services economic goods objects economic goods classified consumer goods capital goods according consumer person business firm governmental unit chooses goods services spends money goods services primarily satisfy wants consumer goods services consumed final user include items clothing food shelter medicine furniture carpets capital goods producer goods called manufacturers farmers transportation companies produce consumer goods produce goods producers farms buildings machinery equipment raw materials examples capital goods earn money buy goods services want need want things items food clothing shelter desirable things education professional services doctors lawyers personal convenience services dry cleaning beauty barber services repair automobiles home appliances
producers property hire labor borrow money buy materials rent buy land buy lease equipment produce efficient manner process production producers pay income workers landowners suppliers materials services paid incomes part circular flow money making consumers buy goods factors entering production put management management responsibility enable producer sell product lowest price highest profit management choice materials determine cost quality management decide labor machines reduce cost speed production improve quality management satisfy customer design color characteristics competition producers amount goods services produced determined consumers willing buy offering price service price high buy producer quit making producers products liked sold profit expand business goods competitor offers product lower price consumers producer difficulty selling service free enterprise economy consumers influence produced spend income course businesses try influence demand consumers advertising selling activities final decision consumers
persons provided shelter tools clothes produced prepared food supplied medical care provided goods services business jobs process producing economic goods services maintain level living business creates jobs greater business activity jobs income receive jobs enables pay goods services kinds jobs created business give individual opportunity choose job likes fitted choice occupations business create jobs choose typist employed personnel manager tell person bring typewriter reporting business firm machine likewise manufacturing plants business tools equipment production amount varies kind firm average investment plant equipment worker greater output tools equipment reduces cost production unit mean lower prices consumer estimated modern presses factory tools cost car costs high cost prohibitive buyers lower cost unit production lowers price product makes pay higher wages workers producing item output lower
americans believe government produce services provided individuals private enterprise services include national defense police fire protection conservation natural resources general hospitals public health education institutions unfortunate broad issues relate amount freedom want controls amount services help want need help want decide spend money let government taxes decide spend live representative democracy power decide issues person lived united states entirely independent actions thoughts affect wholly dependent protect turn help exchange commodities need exist laws regulations likewise need government services society help cooperate making things difficult impossible accomplish system specialization division labor dependent government business supply services goods wanted complex problems working living greater need government government services intended serve society general groups citizens benefit directly services benefit indirectly age assistance medicare unemployment insurance subsidies defense transportation industries price supports farm products examples services benefits special groups
term business working capital means money operations wages materials expenses business needs money working capital addition money invested capital goods capital goods goods produce goods goods produced consumed production function capital goods assist labor production capital goods labor efficient easier tractor plow farming easier productive machines types power equipment factories easier productive goods produced effort individual gains capital goods gain efficient production order gains production capital goods save temporarily giving earnings resources fully primitive took crude methods fishing large fishing nets actually saved create capital increase catch fish resources creation capital goods temporarily reduce quantity consumer goods created final purpose capital goods greater production individuals society decide resources savings resources produce goods services consumed immediately savings create capital turn create jobs greater production future
think demand simply commodity wanted economics term demand refers amount product service buy prices assuming income remains ordinarily buy product service high price low price instance buy fewer bone steaks pound pound demand product increases price food price eggs approximately cents dozen demand eggs increases month consecutive months probable price eggs things affect demand product service amount money spend change increases demand increase decreases demand decrease habits desires change affecting willingness buy product service instance water sports increasingly popular increasing demand boats water skis similar equipment hand popularity water sports decline decreasing demand equipment substitute article margarine substitute butter price margarine goes demand butter increase likewise price margarine goes demand butter decrease commodity elastic demand change price bring considerable change amount commodity purchased
local federal governments provide protection services common citizens organizations businesses expenses costs incurred governments providing protection services expenses costs paid device plan federal local government raising funds pay expenses costs known taxation tax compulsory contribution money government provide services common definition distinguishes taxation payments government agencies instance postage stamp pays service compulsory service desired citizens violate laws pay fines penalties fines compulsory taxes penalties person pay tax general improvement assessment property construction street sewer constitute tax payment improvement property instances government devices plans raising funds fund raising devices plans considered known tax system tax system town city include collection taxes citizens businesses basis property amount annual income cost goods buy public services public facilities schools streets roads parks city halls cost money produced private enterprise governments money citizens business enterprises sources
goods services sell countries called exports nations import products need wheat machinery products extract earth manufacture buy products buy groups items merchandise imported exported country instance united states japan import small compact automobiles western europe united states exports small large automobiles countries south america illustration importing exporting class product food united states exports wheat imports rice precision instruments manufactured western europe japan imported united states machinery transportation equipment manufactured united states exported asia africa table import export values merchandise group major kinds merchandise involved international trade international trade merchandise united states represents business activity country figures include merchandise exclude military grants aid interest considerations ratio foreign trade domestic trade small compared amounts high countries volume highly important standpoint employment prosperity general approximately labor force works export industry trade significant relations nations need products need
money defined generally accepted exchange goods services payment debts money valuable convenient handle amounts large small money serves medium exchange authorized government willing payment labor goods sale services render money measure labor goods services money serves means building power purchase goods services makes credit makes money valuable helping economic growth development individuals nation basic standard judging money acceptability money acceptable performs functions demanded economic usage true wealth consists goods capable bought sold stored future money build wealth collect store goods money metallic money real claim wealth acceptable things sell item money ceases acceptable buying selling goods services longer considered money saved large amount money wealthy item money exchanged goods services money ceases longer wealthy case wealth form usable goods wealthy
business pay costs costs line income addition business try provide goods services customers need huge amount facts needed reach goals needed quick look ways data serve business impress airlines maintain data vacancies flights days future user reservations involving airlines instantly investors call stock brokers offices country seconds obtain daily quotations listed major stock exchanges million telephones form communication network exchanged billion business personal messages overseas communications handled single circuit york city london countries reach percent telephones telephone calls friends businesses foreign countries direct dialing cost calls figured automatically included monthly bill facts transmitted mail billion pieces country indications importance data generated communicated business collecting facts thing putting usable form job data processing names students facts arranging names alphabetic order found quickly form data processing recording test scores students preparing bill customer classifying kind jobs obtained high school graduates examples data processing
data processing system plan making information user system designed end product clearly mind system spells inputs needed processing plan outputs produced data entering system carefully selected identified parts processing plan worked proper order output give information desired operation organization complex number systems established handle operation school enrolls students keeps records courses completed student prepares class schedules hires teachers keeps attendance records maintains records graduates buys supplies keeps record engages sports music programs information handling system mind practical reasons operation organization broken number major operations system set operation parts system handling incoming orders customers listed parts considered systems inputs plan outputs needed open account customer system inputs consist completed credit application form bank references credit references furnished customer processing consist moving data steps set study inputs order arrive decision credit status customer output decision
flowchart graphic representation order operations data processing system program symbols represent processing operations media equipment data flow types flowcharts type shows media input output flow data steps data processing system known systems flowchart flowchart outlines step step instructions program solve problem computer called program flowchart systems flowcharts program flowcharts chapter systems flowchart road map matter minutes trace steps plan set process data trace information backward source relationship step plan systems flowchart shows media bring data system steps data pass output produced media operations emphasized detailed instructions shown flowchart instructions process data function program flowcharts symbols specifically designed systems flowcharting illustrated explained chapter symbols shown explained flap large envelope kit materials exceptions symbols conform american national standard draft recommendation flowchart symbols information processing consistent newer symbols adopted american national standards institute ansi symbol flowcharting shape outline drawn represent medium operation piece equipment direction data flow
real estate office helps clients sell rent homes properties helps buyers renters find properties desired data needed operations controlled system areas system concerned residential properties handled real estate offices part office maintains alphabetic file residential properties updated weekly file address owner wish rent buy property interested beginning neighborhood owner listing obtained agent secures important information client manually records residential properties form form source document shown figure page figure shows part data recorded kind form real estate office member multiple listing service means week real estate offices subscribe service send central office copy form shown figure piece property listed agents piece property sold listing canceled expired copy form marked subscriber show happened
magnetic tape records punched card records solve kinds business problems common problems explained earlier book problem printing report accounts receivable problem printing report updated student enrollments problems explained chapter magnetic tape files records tape files merged records file sequential order sequenced numerically alphabetically according key field easy understand punched card records sequenced numeric alphabetic order harder picture records tape files sorted order tape records physically separated methods sequence punched card magnetic tape records detail chapter problems include sequencing tape records report printed lists alphabetically customer amount owed end period printed total amounts owed customers report prepared magnetic tape records customer balance file record shows account number customer amount owed date end period records file arranged numerically customer number records sequenced alphabetically customer copied reel magnetic tape computer handle jobs
sensing device reads punched data card device metal brush makes electrical contacts punched holes photoelectric cell sensing device mechanical sorter illustrated figure set read data columns standard card read data card column data sorted numeric punched field columns punched cards run sorter times pass sorting device set read data columns data sorted alphabetic punches column punch treated separately reason cards passed sorter column set digit punch set zone punch column selection mechanism sorter adjusted sequence cards select sorter shown figure pockets sorted cards drop pocket rejects cards hole punched column sorting taking place remaining pockets vertical punching positions card ten pockets digits zone positions figure utility programs furnished computer manufacturers
important media represent data codes punched holes represent digits letters alphabet special characters medium punched card discussed earlier punched paper tape chapter learned standard column card column card means communicating computers punched card input output electronic computer system cards read card reader punched card punching unit units frequently housed cabinet figure illustration card reader input card read punch input output unit output consists punched cards printed report figure shows high speed line printer produces printed output punched cards media punched cards main input medium generation computers present greater kinds input media punched card fact microcomputers minicomputers seldom punched cards data entered directly terminals magnetic media punched card newer computers punched card advantages media punched card code interpreted top read humans card manual operations limited computers cards checks bills voting proxies applications chapter punched card shown voting proxy
crt chapter displays output data picture tube television set displays images advantage crt entire record instantly contrast typewriter output device types characters crt input output device classrooms problem appears tube student respond typing answer keyboard answer touching tube light pen case message tube telling answer wrong permanent record needed data tube computer respond write command desired information printed typewriter printing device crts computer terminals sharing basis learned earlier sharing system user shares central computer means remote terminals users located points distance computer direct contact computer terminal eliminates need computer physically user reduces cost computer user shares cost sharing cost sharing crts offer advantages traditional typed printed output main advantage output numbers letters alphabet special characters output line drawings pictures graphs charts crts illustrate dimensional drawings
data instructions stored memory computer processing place instructions programs tells computer read data store memory location permitting data later program reading record instruction read data punched card entire card record read stored computer memory entire record read memory entire record problem programmer describe computer fields process ignore figure shows input output symbol read instruction flow chart programmer remember reading data memory automatically erases data previously stored location process referred destructive read recorded cassette tape learned information tape destroyed erased replaced information read recorded data record read processed memory addresses record data record moved reading record data processed results complete results printed medium read output humans printed report output viewed crts languages computers locations memory printing
term human relations refers relationships relationships formal informal close distant emotional unemotional kinds relationships considered employee business relationships employees supervisor customers business relationships illustrated square illus notice points square relationships groups groups relationships study human relations begin study silly say relationship oneself answer course relationship means learn accept important develop relationships relate positively successfully feel don don obvious inconsistent conscious unpredictable difficulty knowing react words able relate relationship chapter help learn understand employee spend deal employees reasons important employees help hinder
human relations movement actually began accident early employers conducting experiments find ways increasing production goods experiments conducted western electric factory produced surprising results western electric makes parts telephones experiment marked beginning human relations movement purpose western electric experiment amount lighting factory affected level production experimenters wanted increase amount lighting increase production telephone parts hoped course lighting improve quality quantity telephone parts produced test idea experimenters worked wiring department factory installed special lights special lights installed production telephone parts experimenters naturally pleased results part experiment called decreasing amount lighting experimenters thought light improved production light decrease production surprise workers continued produce large amounts high quality parts lighting decreased lighting returned normal employees continued hard increase production experiment continued workers produced greater amounts high quality parts experiment ended experimenters left factory confused expect results weeks later production wiring department returned level experiment begun return normal production special meaning owners western electric plant
part picture private definition image image think idea think try rating scales shown illus page scale ranges ten highest rating middle lowest rating rating definition definition mean friendly honest greedy definition personal think image rate tomorrow ratings change ratings change moods affect feel average ratings remain remember main reason tend describe differently centers putting foot forward try put combination forward understanding decide known important aware decisions help answer question decide reveal methods expect prescribe acting trial error acting personal beliefs methods illustrated method tell person behavior directed directed directed
observations swedish chemicst berzelius led production synthetic compounds thousand molecules term polymer chemist regnault synthesized plastics vinyl chloride polymer substance large molecules joining small molecules substances known commercial polymeric material occurred dr george iv william montgomerie malayan surgeon noted malayans natural polymer material gutta percha knife handles whips resins collected gutta percha trees england interested scientists manufacturers michael faraday pioneer electricity found gutta percha electrical insulator water insulation transatlantic cable modern undersea cables plastics bases housings shields cores figure shows undersea telephone cable amplifier designed depths kilometres miles alexander parks birmingham england displayed plastics international exhibition london called parkesine plastics nitrocellulose percent nitrogen nitrogen content nitrocellulose combination nitric acid cellulose percent material known guncotton explosive civil war war john hyatt york printer began synthetic plastics production united states hyatt responded advertisement find substitute gutta percha ivory billiard balls record hyatt received reward succeed producing plastics
elements combinations atoms bonded form molecules molecules crystals assume specific geometric patterns attractive forces form invisible bonds atoms influence properties materials fundamental principles bonding studied understood bonds ionic bonds covalent bonds van der waals forces important considerations study plastics bonds determine physical characteristics plastics product bonds atoms molecules electrical nature individual atoms held electrical forces individual particles protons electrons forces negative positive bond atoms molecules valence electrons provide connecting link bond creates molecule elements constantly try reach stable stable receiving extra electrons releasing electrons sharing electrons ionic covalent bonding forces known primary bonds simplest bond understand ionic bond ionic bonding actual lending electrons atom fig sodium electron outermost shell chlorine electrons outer shell tends stable energy required lend electron sodium electron jumps outer shell chlorine atom converts previously neutral atoms oppositely charged ions strong electrical attraction ions bond holds sodium atom chlorine atom compound sodium chloride nacl molecule
study debell richardson independent research firm based experiments nations concludes plastics properly incinerated carbon dioxide water principal products wastes improperly incinerated open dumps carbon monoxide soot black smoke result report shows properly designed incinerators handle domestic municipal industrial wastes ten times present levels polyvinyl chloride pvc incinerators established safety limits hydrogen chloride emission charge plastics clog burn incinerator grates unfounded plastics desirable fuels modern incinerators high energy heat content times heat content combustible wastes plastics heating kilojoules kj british thermal units kg lbs professor elmer kaiser york university expert incinerator processes reports grates clogged burned ordinary conditions fault plastics plastics volatilize turn vapor volatiles burn grate touch grate incinerator grate burn high energy content plastics waste heat recovery incinerators europe united states chicago incinerator system disposes waste enormous heat energy potential generating electric power american cities exploring idea building efficient nonpolluting incinerators serve power plants according bureau solid waste management percent nation municipal incinerators substandard burn refuse fully properly
hot melt materials popular easy flexible obtain highest adhesive qualities cooled thermoplastics hot melt adhesives including polyethylene polystyrene polyvinyl acetate small sticks rods plastics heated electric gun hot plastics forced gun nozzle gluing surface figure shows leather strap assembled hot melt plastics electrically heated applicator gun shoe industry presently adhesive effective means assembly leather goods small rapidly assembled articles bonded method drawback hot melt adhesives difficulty making large glue joints adhesive cools quickly ensure adhesion large bonding surfaces adhesive faced tapes important members adhesive family adhesive coating generally activated methods solvents water gummed labels stamps heat iron fabric patches heat sealing package tapes pressure masking tapes labels similar applications caulking sealing patching glazing putty compounds classified plastics adhesives usefulness depend ability bond effectively substrate applied basic purpose moisture air agents cracks small openings compounds include elastomers plastics fig term caulking derived practice forcing tar soaked wicking seams wooden boat hulls caulking implies compound forced crack word sealant modern term describes compounds fill cracks words putty patching glazing compounds mean sealant compounds describe materials special application
organic pigments provide brilliant opaque colors translucent transparent colors achieved organic pigments brilliant produced dyes inorganic pigments inorganic pigments simple chemicals carbon black iron oxide red cobalt oxide blue cadmium sulfide yellow lead sulfate white metallic oxides sulfides easily dispersed resin produce colors brilliant organic pigments dyes inorganic structure resist light heat effectively inorganic pigments high concentrations produce opaque colored plastics low concentrations iron oxide pigment produce translucent color special effect pigment organic inorganic compounds colored glass fine powdered form heat light stable pigment plastics colored glass powder effective exterior color stability chemical resistance flakes aluminum brass copper gold produce striking metallic sheen iridescent plastics automotive industry producing metallic finishes metallic powders mixed colored plastics finish varying highlights reflective hues produced pearl essence natural synthetic produce brilliance pearl luster desired energy absorbed material portion energy released form light light radiated molecules atoms electrons excited begin lose energy form photons light particles heat electrons release photons light energy radiation called incandescence
cross bevan england produced cellulose fiber treated alkali cellulose cellulose treated caustic soda carbon disulfide form xanthate cellulose xanthate soluble water give viscous solution called viscose viscose extruded spineret openings coagulating solution sulfuric acid sodium sulfate regenerated fiber called viscose rayon rayon accepted generic fibers composed regenerated cellulose found clothing fabric tire cord production patents granted brandenberger france extruded regenerated cellulose film called cellophane viscose rayon xanthate solution regenerated coagulation acid bath cellophane dried water resistant coating ethyl acetate cellulose nitrate cellophane films coated uncoated packaging food products pharmaceuticals esters cellulose cellulose nitrate cellulose acetate cellulose butyrate cellulose acetate propionate group plastics acids react hydroxyl groups form esters professor bracconot france carried nitration cellulose discovery mixing nitric sulfuric acids cotton produce nitrocellulose cellulose nitrate schonbein england material military explosive found commercial plastics figure shows nitration cellulose london international exhibition alexander parks england awarded bronze medal plastics material called parkesine composed cellulose nitrate plasticizer castor oil united states john wesley hyatt created material seeking substitute ivory billiard balls
pure form amino resins colorless soluble warm solutions water methanol amino resins urea plastics melamine plastics frequently grouped entity chemical structures properties applications common melamine formaldehyde products urea formaldehyde plastics respects melamine products harder water resistant combined greater variety fillers allow making products heat scratch stain water chemical resistance melamine products expensive urea products largest single melamine formaldehyde manufacture tableware fig application molding powders filled alpha cellulose asbestos fillers handles utensil housings melamine resin widely surface coatings decorative laminates paper based laminates sold trade names formica micarta photographic prints fabrics paper impregnated melamine resin base core material cured large press kraft paper impregnated phenolic resin commonly base material durable compatible melamine resin base costs multiple layers melamine impregnated paper broad spectrum laminates including surfacing wood metal plaster hardboard familiar laminates surfacing kitchen counters table tops percent melamine resin solution added preparation paper pulp improve wet strength paper paper resin binder wet strength nearly dry strength crush folding resistance greatly increased added brittleness finishes resistant water chemicals alkali grease heat formulated amino resins
abundant element earth silicon number bonding sites carbon scientists speculated planets based silicon find possibility hard accept silicon inorganic solid metallic appearance earth crust composed silicon dioxide form sand quartz flint tetravalent capacity silicon interested chemists early friedrich wohler crafts charles friedel kipping carothers led development silicone polymers dow corning corporation producing commercial silicone polymers united states thousands materials word silicone applied polymers silicon oxygen silicon bonding denote polymer silicon atoms carbon hydrogen compounds silicon replace element carbon methane changed silane silicomethane structures similar aliphatic series saturated hydrocarbons formed general types bonds understanding formation silicone polymers compounds silicon hydrogen atoms present called silanes silicon atoms separated carbon atoms structure called silcarbane polysiloxane produced oxygen atom separates silicon atoms chain polymerized silicone molecular chain based structure shown figure modified radicals silicone polymers based chains rings networks alternating silicon oxygen atoms common methyl phenyl vinyl groups siloxane chain fig
chapter discuss plastics molded resins powders granules forms end products components molding major processes converting plastics products society plastics industry defines processor converts plastics products fabricator finisher fashion decorate plastics products decorating finishing fabrication parts highly specialized fields chapters processes similar metalworking papermaking glassblowing apply processing plastics low cost mass production quality plastics products depends machinists toolmakers specially formulated plastics processing techniques helped change plastics processing craft true technology basic processes plastics industry include molding casting thermoforming expanding coating decorating machining finishing assembly fabrication radiation processing included special technique chapter basic assumption molding plastics fluid operation later solidify operation classed molding force required molding processes discussed chapter include injection molding compression molding transfer molding extrusion molding blow molding calendering laminating reinforcing cold molding cold stamping sintering liquid resin molding injection molding process early hyatt brothers awarded united states patent injection molding today injection process thermosetting compounds thermoplastics ptfe fluoroplastics polyimides aromatic polyesters special engineering grades fig
thought laws affect everyday activities routine law granted routine broken person sues asks court help enforce legal need think american legal system stop minute imagine wake tomorrow laws eliminated courts abolished family examples traffic laws think traffic jams accidents result drove pleased handle situations person damaged property automobile accident fact laws crime prevent person taking car television set home belonged consider difficult buy credit return defective goods assurances employees paid week case students law requiring school parents say think examples situations controlled laws today result chaos confusion injury laws laws play important role society called glue binds society helps function laws rules conduct enforced government community goals economic political social
laws existed centuries surprise chapter saw important laws group surprise groups larger complicated rules apply activities members group eventually sets rules grow legal systems important legal systems today civil law system common law system civil law system european south american african countries civil law system laws collected organized legal codes common law system created england differs civil law system places importance decisions judges actual cases decisions rules law common law system england english speaking countries australia canada addition countries united states common law system american colonists important addition adopting constitution united states written constitution approved group group family tribe club country join common rules set don ts members small groups families tribes rules simple informal written rules oldest member group council elders rules exist problems occur
common law system began william conqueror king england eleventh century created feudal system king owned land laws king busy travel country making laws needed settling disputes gave job deciding cases involved settling disputes punishing harmful things decision makers judges courts written laws decide cases rely written rule common sense customs common values goals community period kinds cases heard decision makers decided true cases decided country common deciding cases according general customs values formed basis common law system written record decisions judge decision maker decide case look judges decided kind case decide case common law formed decisions hundreds common law written collection laws code civil law lawyers french lawyers legal problems solve look answers code
lawyer familiar decisions united states courts cases involve law united states applies country true decisions decisions court apply lawyer indiana decisions indiana courts decisions california pennsylvania courts lawyers important cases states help lawyers find decisions helpful judicial decisions collected bound volumes called reports reports coded lawyers knows court decisions find code mysterious key saw brown board education meaningless knows code means case brown sued board education found united states reports collection cases supreme court united states number tells case appears volume number tells found page number parentheses date case decided written decisions courts located decision found case reports decisions higher courts collected published federal government ranked courts order importance important court important decision
ages ways find truth ancient times method finding person telling truth put person trial ordeal sorts ordeals ordeal fire ordeal water ordeal battle ordeal fire required party pick red hot coal sore caused burn healed cleanly period believed person telling truth sore didn heal properly person found liar suffer consequences ordeals england trial battle disagreed fight winner truthful loser liar later parties disagreement allowed hire champions fighters fight say present system comes trial battle hundreds method solving disputes called adversary process adversary system part common law adversary process sets parties disagreement lets fight winner battle battle words boxing wrestling match prosecutor accusing party criminal case civil case party makes complaint asks court help called plaintiff criminal civil cases answers accusation complaint called defendant defend charge
lawyer trained knowing law lawyer advocate part lawyer job persuade decision maker decide case favor client lawyers help parties say represent clients private parties involved case lawyer person poor hire lawyer communities legal aid lawyers represent poor person charge true poor person accused committing crime poor hire lawyer provide lawyer free charge lawyers called public defenders indigent defenders criminal case government tries show person defendant committed crime government case handled lawyer prosecutor government lawyer called things states common title government lawyer criminal case district attorney united states judge government officer trained law judges lawyers judges experts law judicial branch government doctrine separation powers chapter separate independent branch government legislative branch pass statutes applied cases tell court decide case important courts independent helps judges fair impartial judges told decide cases legislative executive branch decisions fair
law wills estates involves special methods transferring disposing property simplest examples laws relate making wills write want happen property die person dies written laws tell person property goes spouse husband wife children division civil law includes rules cover aspects family relationship includes creation family relationship marriage destruction family divorce included alimony child support relationship parents children covered subject marriage simple rules say married procedures legal marriage commercial law deals business transactions sales methods payment checks promissory notes suppose owned grocery store cole bought worth groceries paid payroll check abc deposit check account later bank tells abc money bank account pay check rules commercial law decide sue cole abc cases person sues receive money damages repay loss law remedies deals person collect
plaintiff christine kirby high school student passenger small mg automobile owned mother driven friend deborah cooper mg proceeded south main stopped overhead traffic light intersection hill main light green cooper signaling left turn ton buick driven defendant ellis larson proceeded north main street inside lane vehicle witness robert wright passenger traveling curbside lane direction larson wright testified car stopped intersection traffic signal turning amber cooper kirby saw wright vehicle stop saw defendant car lengths intersection anticipated stop cooper began complete left turn defendant vehicle traveling miles hour past wright stopped car proceeded intersection cooper vehicle going buick struck mg rear causing car spin degrees christine kirby flung hood car landing face suffering sprain dislocated knees severe facial lacerations loss front teeth possibility loss teeth future cooper testified halfway intersection struck defendant testified light change green color observe movement part mg approached intersection
heretofore bit teeth totally abolished contributory negligence chipped piece piece special exceptions rule contributory negligence wanton wilful conduct clear chance sudden emergency children perfectly clear power precedent change established rule rule contributory negligence outgrown usefulness rule law legislatively judicially created manistee bank trust mcgowan mich found guest passenger statute longer experimental longer justified terms stated legislative policy emphasized guest act creature legislature judiciary arguments contributory negligence persuasive legislature changed things ago legislature acted absence mandate argument act practical matter variety reasons bills ideas law role court guess legislative silence means real problem think confronting court desires undo sins past unlike reversing statute ordinary common law doctrine elimination contributory negligence requires substitution say longer ruled ancient doctrine contributory negligence opt form comparative negligence place
word market mean hear word think supermarket buy groceries think stock market buy sell shares ownership business maybe think international markets buy goods foreign car markets market need special location market simply place goods services bought sold buy shampoo store farmer sells markets cattle auction order book mail committee member engages food catering service telephone marketing simply process buying selling marketing takes place stores mail phone front doorstep place goods services bought sold markets business term marketing called distribution means performance activities direct flow goods services producer consumer user marketing connecting link producer consumer user consumer production production pointless produced marketing brings producer consumer lot marketing learn read discuss topics presented book learn involved marketing learn improve buying selling skills learn knowledge marketing country place live
shown figure marketing process likened river goods flow producer manufacturer consumer person assists moving goods producer consumer known middleman wholesaler middleman buys producers wholesale dealers resells retailers institutional users hospitals schools retailer middleman performs step marketing process selling goods consumer route goods flow called marketing channel think middleman stands highway commerce exacting tolls goods pass producer consumer sport shirt producer price moves wholesaler adds charge goods passed retailer retailer turn adds charge ultimate consumer shirt retailer keeps passes wholesaler keeps turn passes producer shirt sport shirt preceding undergone physical change journey increased price increased form utility left manufacturer place possession utilities let examine change place utilities determine added
pipelines important transporting commercial products imagine move percent ton miles freight transported united states united states oil companies miles pipeline pipelines exceptionally economical transporting crude oil oil wells refinery approximately percent crude oil oil fields refinery pipeline impossible oil pipelines refinery retail outlets waterways especially important international marketing discussion limited inland waterways focus marketing american economy united states maintains public expense miles inland waterways open users boats ships transport percent total ton miles freight united states water shipment expensive mode transportation large bulky transport rate iron ore shipments water lakes tenth rate rail shipments major disadvantage water transportation slow northern areas country waterways winter months freezing compared modes transportation commercial products air transport insignificant air transport employed percent total ton miles goods transported united states specialists believe importance air transport increase sharply ahead lighter bulky products present major disadvantage air transport cost storing goods activity marketing
supermarket large retail store sells mainly food grocery items service basis supermarkets developed primarily operated independent stores chain stores ways supermarket today modern counterpart country store days past rely supermarket variety buying needs result supermarkets expanded merchandise food grocery items market toys magazines books food related items spatulas cake pans coffee mugs genuine imported dinnerware discount house stresses large volume sales normal prices investing store decor atmosphere eliminating customer services credit delivery merchandise returns originally discount houses specialized selling appliances furniture goods called durable goods fact discount houses adept selling consumer durables lower usual price forced department stores community line business recent discount houses expanded lines include groceries household supplies soap cosmetics goods short nondurable goods supermarkets discount houses operated independents chain stores examples include stores woolco mart arlans automatic gum dispensers united states full automat operation early vending machines major form retailing american marketing numbers grown spectacularly recent
convenience goods goods customer buys frequently attempt shop buying convenience goods purchase items coke candy bar examples bread drugs frozen foods newspapers stores king kwick tot em stores specialize marketing convenience goods manufacturers convenience goods sell products wholesalers central warehouses retail chains middlemen assemble complete line graded goods retailers select want retailer convenience goods prefer deal wholesaler manufacturer manufacturers sell carload truckload lots wholesaler divide large shipments smaller units case lots process called bulk breaking helpful retailer buy store large quantities process assists manufacturer helping sell ship goods large units retailer buys wholesaler deal hundreds traveling salespeople represent individual manufacturers credit wholesaler place orders retailer buy directly manufacturers able extension credit small orders place flow goods producers wholesaler retailer diagrammed figure chief ecomonic service rendered wholesaler consists reducing marketing costs convenience goods manufacturer rubber bands possibly afford contact thousands stationery stores obtain orders dollars store
expect sale industrial goods concentrated industrial states fact half industrial marketing takes place states california florida illinois michigan jersey york ohio texas industrial marketing expanded rapidly represents half total dollar goods manufactured united states experience industrial marketing industrial buying large firms basically broad classes industrial customers industrial users assemblers wholesalers industrial users buy goods businesses change goods resell reprocess goods simply purpose providing goods services customers charlie mott truck jobber truck industrial making deliveries jim thexton broker telephone business purposes bill morgan commission merchant purchases machine tools typewriters supplies business mines quarries purchase bulldozers digging equipment car rental agencies purchase automobiles hotels motels buy linens pizza hut purchases chairs tables ovens hospitals buy beds wheelchairs specialized surgical equipment dentist buys drill accountant buys ledger paper local government agencies purchase snow removal equipment parking meters federal government purchases antiballistic missiles paper clips assemblers manufacturers purchase industrial goods incorporate products sell pizza hut buys anchovies general motors buys car bodies fisher steel purchases iron ore druggist buys chemicals drugs motorcycle repair shop buys spokes tubes paint wholesalers purchase industrial goods resell manufacturers industrial users middlemen
population united states increasingly urban rural areas declining population metropolitan areas increasing size nearly percent population lived urban areas million compared percent trends urbanization population presented table marketer alert trends adjust marketing approaches newspapers cover metropolitan area allow reach persons advertisement metropolitan area increases size reduction rural population mean decrease direct marketing areas salesperson contact potential buyers market products rural areas shift marketing salespeople sending letters brochures leaflets movement city dwellers suburbs universal ownership automobiles encouraged decentralization industry trend profound influence consumer demand recently trend move central core city flight exurbia defined area considered part metropolitan area miles city limits early approximately thirds metropolitan population lived central city suburban exurban surroundings garden space house living space
order able determine demand product marketer analyze market care business conditions times sales campaign touch demand result changing economic conditions prospects found greater numbers cities country watch reports sales commodities parts country able judge buying power sections income group probable buyers product found income group contacted waste marketing goods services examine buying habits potential customers types merchandise notebook paper candy bars soft drinks purchased frequently stores neighborhood buyer merchandise clothes record players cameras purchased large stores central location convenient buyer compare style goods ofered stores merchandise bicycle automobile parts purchased directly producer mail order representative producer marketer familiar sizes units commonly purchased product sizes public habit buying goods dog food flour sugar packages goods nails fertlizer feeds bulk age sex occupation affect buying familiarize peculiar wishes habits prospects order stress proper appeal
principle association closely related principle frequency offers opportunity chain reaction part potential customer marketer familiar principle association ideas according principle creation idea mind tends produce related ideas practically thinking process association objects senses mind objects previously known effects events sequence sense experiences call associations pleasure pain appreciation similarities differences comes power association marketer tries educate public point need immediately product satisfy need soup immediately campbell punched card equipment ibm international business machines association important factor picture automobile parked front fine residence portrait beautiful girl cosmetic mind encouraged associate car luxury cosmetic beauty individuals differ greatly chain associations follow stimulus care sure associations stimulated pleasant constructive possibly lead objectionable association eliminated beauty pleasure dynamic ugliness pain emphasize pleasure comes remedy show pain experienced remedy words dangerous associations
high school students concerned earning living graduated important reasons completing high school education gain employable skills needed job study record keeping equip employable skills help open door business providing understanding business operations strengthening skills needed accurate records business operations looked help wanted section daily newspaper find number jobs listed open knowledge skill acquired study record keeping course study business courses attractive job opportunities require applicants knowledges skills higher level expected studied record keeping jobs command salaries present opportunities advancement purpose record keeping course give opportunity gain additional skills information chances getting paying job improved find learn business improve chances advancement business employee employed individual find move review important facts skills covered record keeping course review sharpen skills learned serve basis learning facts developing skills
learned wholesalers manufacturers offer trade discount retailers sell merchandise trade discount deducted catalog list price find net invoice price retailer job practiced form sales invoice trade discount deducted total amount invoice find net amount actually business firms offer trade discount form invoice wholesalers manufacturers form sales invoice practiced job shown illustration business firms figure net unit price item deducting trade discount invoice prepared trade discount listed invoice shown illustration form invoice business firms offering trade discounts includes special column trade discount percent shown matter forms invoices net invoice price tv sets amounts businesspeople offer trade discount merchandise sell invoice form shown illustration illustration businesspeople offer trade discounts types merchandise sell invoice form shown illustration customer purchased color television set trade discount black white set trade discount seller invoice form column showing percent trade discount television sets listed form
end month money columns cash receipts journal pencil footed cash received deposited bank totals columns total amount cash received deposited month april shown cash receipts journal amount written ink amount received column bank deposits column totals entered journal ruled usual double ruling repeated date column businesses bookkeeping machines post sales customers accounts machines post cash received customers accounts operating machine post cash received customers follow steps job important difference sale recorded debit customers accounts added balance cash received recorded credit subtracted balance illustration shows information crown stores account page april bookkeeping machine operating bookkeeping machine post cash received customers customers accounts follow rules posting posting hand manually enter balance balance column depressing proper keys course addition subtraction automatically machine job practice recording entries cash receipts journal posting column customers accounts
seen illustration column accounts payable form let examine steps follow recording information form account address terms recorded space provided date money columns creditors terms purchase invoice customary enter terms fixed item top account recorded top date column month written month month recorded date written entry recorded procedure recording entries column account accounts receivable date recorded explanation amount recorded explanation shows entry explanation july shows purchased merchandise shown invoice amount written proper money column debit column record payments credit column record amounts owed july recorded credit column show amount purchase ennis bros bear mind amounts due creditors recorded credit column soon record amount debit credit column enter amount balance column july soon purchase recorded credit column added amount appearing balance column purchase
retailing free economy changing successful retail business adapt changing economic conditions developments present future retailing practices past practices functions remain unchanged circumstances merchandise vary functions efficiently serve consumer needs goods services remain buying function focus manual essential processes retailing retailing includes activities provide ultimate consumers desired goods services term retailing definitions sale goods articles individually small quantities directly consumer activities involved selling consumer goods ultimate consumers ultimate consumer final user goods services retailing task providing constant flow goods services ultimate consumer size task apparent considers quantity goods services needed daily basis million persons united states quality persons affected efficiency retailing certainly capacity individual buy factor wealthiest persons difficulty getting goods services desire retailing businesses retailer serves collector products needed desired local customers sources retailer selects items thinks customers want modern times thousands products sources retailer performs needed service buying agent customers
ten united states census publishes summary incomes united states information tell local area facts change greatly census reports excellent source income information sales management survey buying power published june sales management magazine report income information cities populations merchant offers credit quantitative characteristics found customers credit applications merchants periodically locational studies checks received determime customers live stores conduct occasional surveys customers store store staff alerted obtain information customers sales conversations salespeople ask homes family development customer profile shown illustration provide important insights large stores develop profiles department completing customer profile buyer found serving primarily young married customers thought department actually serving market heavily mature single persons discovery led profitable change merchandise assortment customer characteristics readily measurable characteristics important indicators customer demand characteristics include customer leisure activities interest fashion concept published records merchant obtain information concerning qualitative characteristics merchant methods fair idea customers characteristics areas methods include consumer panels mail telephone surveys interviews observations
whichever method control accuracy book inventory depends accurate recording item enters leaves store mistakes omissions function result inaccurate book inventory decrease usefulness control system major reasons discrepancies listed easiest overcome related clerical errors corrected management techniques sixth difficult resolve theft major shrinkage merchant precautions shoplifting employees customers service personnel care prevent kinds shrinkage dollar shrinkage represents dollar loss profits store planning stock composition merchant wants provide assortment merchandise suited customers demands merchant wants assortment merchandise competition merchant presents merchandise assortment likely find success studies customer characteristics merchant knows product lines profitably offered sale knows quality price merchandise appeal consumers area sure merchandise buys line wants customers merchant establishes policies covering buying practices major areas estabish policies include quality merchandise exclusiveness offerings fashion appeal timing variety depth merchandise assortment studying customers demand quality merchant estabish policies covering important factor
decision retail price put merchandise resale important decision merchant price high pay merchandise pay expenses business provide profit investment money business merchandise priced low customers purchase goods readily formula merchant determine price knowledge customers past sales anticipated expenses merchant cases arrive proper price merchandise correct cases applying principles discussed section nearly approach correct price operating guess retail price includes cost goods return merchant costs business formula determining retail price cost goods amount merchant pay order merchandise store cost includes actual amount pays merchandise transportation costs involved moving merchandise vendor store assume furniture dealer bought dozen lamps apiece transportation charge shipment lamps transportation charge divided lamps determine transportation charge lamp amount added cost lamp dealer cost lamp determining retail price merchant deduct cash discount cost goods
federal governments influence retail pricing practices legislation affecting price falls major categories price maintenance competition maintenance price maintenance government believes protection manufacturers small businesses minimum price markup established competition maintenance intent legislation preserve competition prohibiting price agreement major competitors industry federal legislation affecting prices began nearly ago added adjusted legislation complicated interpretations federal agencies courts description major piece federal legislation follows primary purpose sherman act maintain freedom entry competition industry section act prohibits contract combination conspiracy restraint trade legislation acts part business restraint trade considered illegal clayton act attempts legislation specific listing business activities illegal activities price discrimination robinson patman act prohibits granting concessions buyer granted competitive buyers purchasing similar quantity quality goods federal government recently moved directly pricing practices retailers times high inflation government imposed short term price freezes price controls allowing retail price increases proved cost basis future federal measures unpredictable laws affecting prices primarily areas fair trade legislation unfair sales practices legislation fair trade legislation permits manufacturer establish minimum price retailer sell item
explained page markdowns reductions original retail price markdowns merchandise sell price expected special sales events justify reductions important reasons markdowns include overpricing merchandise overestimation demand customer returns shopworn merchandise promotional purposes overpricing generally occurs merchant mistakenly prices merchandise higher customers willing pay tends occur frequently buyer inexperienced product line buying type merchandise overestimation customer demand major reason merchant find markdowns occurs merchant overbought likely happen buyers maintain adequate records sales complete sales markdown records basic stock plans helps avoid problem salespeople store primarily responsible markdown merchandise happens salespeople give proper sales effort item buyer basically fault convince sales personnel item buyer responsibility salespeople informed products markdowns reduction price merchandise returned customers reasons customer returns poor selling poor product performance common returned merchandise soiled damaged cases merchandise reduced price merchant accurate record merchandise returned product defects poor performance merchandise returned vendor credit
selling important economy business american order understand importance need familiar basic facts segment american economy economy country divided phases production marketing consumption production refers physical creation goods services farming mining fishing lumbering manufacturing production phase economy thousands goods services produced goods services sell goods services produced consumers purchase marketing process goods services flow producer consumer wholesalers retailers marketing phase economy selling important marketing function performed retail wholesale businesses wholesalers buy producers sell retailers retailers buy producers wholesalers sell consumers consumers users goods services society process goods services called consumption contribution selling economy role selling society identify provide goods services satisfy needs wants consumer manufacturers wholesalers retailers depend customers purchase products services business sales decline company reduces number employees jobs produce provide goods services depend successful salespeople customers purchase products services help create employment manufacturing wholesaling retailing full employment country creates additional purchasing power consumers
career salespeople agree successful sales develop sound selling techniques salespeople question fact sales knowledge selling skills important job certainly salespeople expect advance selling career selling skills selling selling skills fact salespeople lose jobs adequate sales skills recent business survey found lost jobs percent fired due lack job skills ninety percent fired poor personality traits pleasing personality essential sales success learning sell need spend learning personality improve comments mean judy certainly charming salesperson loaded personality ralph lot ability ahead sales personality talk person personality talking term personality comes word person personality look hear speak feel presence personality sum total attitudes habits feelings total traits sets personality combination responses feelings express everyday personality important factor determining liked disliked determines ability obtain friendly cooperation employers fellow employees customers
fundamentals selling process apply fields selling techniques retail salesperson effectively wholesale industrial salespeople fact person involved selling techniques sales process divided specific steps shown illustration selling techniques steps learn techniques successfully sell product service preapproach literally means approach salesperson preparation sale salesperson need spend preparing sale selling percent preparation percent presentation according experts true spent getting ready sell definitely spent prepare sell products services prospective customers order effective sales presentations understand customers buying motives product features benefits salesperson addition learning products customers personally ready sell impressions important sure personal appearance pleasant businesslike approach begins greet customer purpose approach create favorable impression customers direct attention product goal convince customers sincere interest assisting trying show customers understand want help directed customer attention product step determine customer needs wants
salespeople sell items generally don learn products knowledge help salespeople improve sales ability manufacturing process determine quality performance product manufacturing companies conducted research determine materials give performance reasonable cost customer standards production quality control testing inspecting final product salespeople knowledge explain customers electric power saw prong plug freezer inches pressed foam insulation mattress independently pocketed coil springs salespeople product appreciate quality item believe product customers knowledge salespeople excited enthusiastic sell confidence customers depend ability explain demonstrate products salespeople product customers expect extremely important learn start selling help read directions customer directions printed product customers appreciate told product knowing product especially helpful product demonstration customers want operate wear prepare arrange course product sure show customers customer looking riding lawn mower salesperson able demonstrate start operate
salesperson control sales presentation prompt approach forget stock conversation employees nonsales activities customers area job serve sales control begins minutes customer comes store getting sale start depends ability analyze sales situation quickly choosing greeting help customer receptive sales assistance customer comes clothing store quickly walks shirts picks white dress shirt salesperson recognize possibly decided customer salesperson say find correct size want sleeve short sleeve dress shirt dress shirt requires ironing customer comes clothing store strolls store looking variety merchandise salesperson say morning approach lets customer salesperson standing ready help morning want look items special interest approach specific guides customer special merchandise sales control important salesperson wants guide customer stages buying process attention interest desire conviction action taking control easy salesperson observes listens carefully customer salesperson genuinely interested selling techniques sincere serving customer control sales control needed customer walks store salesperson busy customer
watch customers faces show satisfaction disapproval doubt showing interest item merchandise smiling eyes show interest lost look talking customer customer looking merchandise distracted paying attention eye contact important look customers speaking listening shows customers concentrating needs prejudge customers outward appearance customer poor appearance able afford outstanding quality prefer expensive item hand customer dressed select low priced item buy situation treat customer respect regard customer individual values customer purchase clothes discount store wouldn think cutting costs tires car customer quality clothing purchase expensive gasoline car sales presentation continue observe customers actions judge interest customers reactions say merchandise considering observe behavior watch facial expressions listen comments determine hurry looking need help information merchandise services friendly irritable listening communicate customers listen eye contact observation able determine customers wants needs point decide selling statement question
real objections concerns hesitations customer considering purchase products services generally real objections based merchandise customer uncertain merchandise feature service customer express genuine concern price item purchase buy real objections tell keeping customer buying hear common real objections style don color hard repair operate complicated familiar brand customers give excuses delay making purchase avoid involved sale customer excuses seldom related merchandise service generally insincere reasons common excuses include want look don need today afford think thanks today buy shop customers vary ways reveal conceal sales resistance customers hesitate express feelings direct straightforward objections objections sincere customers interested response customers readily voice objections called hidden objections obviously customers tell objections concerns difficult determine interested product service skillful questioning observation customer participation give clue customers real objections techniques bringing hidden objections try close sale
beginning sales presentation looking opportunity ask customers buy reason believe customers needs determined item selected meet needs try close sale mean customers automatically buy raise objection ask questions point begin offering opportunity customers buy exact close sale try close customers ready buying decision customers opportunities arise sales presentation customers satisfied product service give buying signals buying signals signs approval customers ready buying decision customers give buying signals stop selling additional merchandise learn watch listen customers watch customers merchandise don preoccupied sales presentation forget selling customer carefully observe customer signs approval eyes show signs acceptance customer show interest item facial expression show interest customer smiling customer stopped look item times customer show interest item reading guarantee operating instructions product care instructions examples buying signals salespeople able recognize buying signals
choice close widely closing technique presenting choice safe help customers select item want buy point helped narrow selection items offering choice asking customers item want buy notice offer buy item buy buy choice offering choice asking customers commitment minor buying decision taking granted decision major decision offer choice minor decision asking customers want dishwasher ask want dishwasher gold avocado finish give choices choice simple choices decision difficult examples choice closes call home want drawers left side desk want delivered tomorrow morning afternoon want inch bike customer ask opinion offer opinion requested course honest customers tell giving false flattery customer ask think looks customer obviously difficult coming final decision don say think looks remarks customer
thousands ago communicated drawing crude pictures cave walls stick draw images sand child invention alphabet write words read alphabet communicate miles writing longhand printing hand taking shorthand notes manual methods processing words pen pencil paper needed machine involved human beings hurry writing slow appreciate problem recall times class teacher spoke faster notes writing writing shorthand enables shift gear speed slower rate speech manual writing pace written communication needs mind thinks things say speed light fingers move snail pace attempt thoughts eager fingers mistakes corrected short hands tired laborious addition receiver able read writing driving car brakes typewriter early models clumsy compared today machines enabled writer produce typed words easy read addition speed getting thoughts paper greatly enhanced type times faster write
words recorded magnetic medium quickly direct dialing distance number impulses magnetic media actually travel telephone lines message travels instantaneously recorded magnetic medium receiving text editing typewriter point stored typed hard copy understand operates let suppose branch office los wants send information added larger report home office omaha los operator keyboards message keyboarded simultaneously recorded paper magnetic medium corrections operator dials omaha office places telephone cradle coupler unit connects typewriter telephone line text editor operators connected omaha operator puts cradle telephone coupler text editor message recorded magnetic medium magnetic medium message stored typed merged larger report text editing typewriter communicate similar computer typewriters communicate computer called communicating typewriters communicating text editors text editing typewriters communicating typewriters optional feature offered machine twx telex typewriter exchange services provided western union telegraph communicating text editor teletypewriters talk typed words subscribers twx telex provided teletypewriter office teletypewriters linked subscribing teletypewriters country overseas
addition word processing personnel include receptionist page called messenger receptionist screens welcomes office visitors handles telephone messages assist administrative support services firms administrative secretaries serves receptionist page picks delivers mail center making correspondence secretaries remain stations companies mail distributed correspondence secretaries taking turn css acquainted principals serve unit discusses job descriptions salaries career opportunities word processing personnel types machines vital word processing system dictation equipment typewriting equipment dictation equipment input means record spoken word typewriting equipment produces output printed word recorded word merging dictation typewriting equipment gave birth word processing concepts dictation equipment parts dictation unit recorder transcribing machine dictation unit author dictate review correct material unit referred dictation station input station recorder device actually records dictation magnetic media part dictation unit separate unit transcribing machine plays recorded input operator transcribe dictation equipment classified location manner units portable desk top centralized dictation units variety recording media hand sized battery operated portables executive travels
national survey presidential election found percent respondents agreeing statement politics government complicated person understand going young respondents confused percent twenty age confessed understand going politics difficult understanding american government problem lies lack information americans plenty opportunity learn government newspaper television radio commentators report daily politics washington capitals cities towns country unending flow facts officials issues events laws bombards problem paying attention early learn tune political intrusions familiar family playmates grow things matter making friends developing talents getting jobs finding mates eventually begin realize political events important lives dutifully struggle pay attention learn political learning easily high school age devour daily newspaper front page news editorials start stop comics entertainment pages sports voting age uncomfortable government citizens discomfort eventually passes mature adults continue skip hard political news favor sensational stories crime corruption juicy gossip beautiful students regret lack knowledge want politically aware discouraged start amount complexity political news
problem substantive view democracy provide clear precise criteria permit determine government democratic fact open unending arguments government policies truly democratic substantive sense problem procedural viewpoint presents specific criteria democratic government criteria produce undesirable social policies prey minorities clashes minority rights idea citizens entitled things denied majority decisions opinions differ things constitute minority rights freedom religion protect minority rights limiting principle majority rule requiring extraordinary majorities decisions subjects putting subjects constitution reach majority rule effect issue prayers schools illustrates limits majority rule matter large majorities congress pass law allow organized prayers public schools supreme court determined constitution forbids laws constitution changed longer protects religious minorities amendment cumbersome process involves extraordinary majorities limits put principle majority rule minority rules committed majority rule procedural conception democracy alternative insist unlimited majority rule trust government clearly substantive procedural conceptions democracy completely compatible choosing theorist chooses emphasize policies procedures
frightening details watergate story unfold president nixon re election november months later january trial break included burglars closely connected president howard hunt cia agent white house consultant gordon liddy counsel committee re elect president creep burglars entered plea guilty hunt liddy convicted jury letter sentencing judge burglars charged pressured plead guilty involved perjury committed trial hunt liddy senate launched investigation matter set select committee presidential campaign activities chaired styled constitutional authority democratic senator sam ervin north carolina ervin committee hearings televised shocking testimony white house assistant jeb magruder confessed perjury implicated john mitchell planning burglary special counsel president john dean president party cover crime months additional disclosures political burglaries forged department cables intended embarrass democratic candidate senator edward kennedy massachusetts stunned nation learned president nixon secretly tape recorded conversations white house ervin committee asked tapes nixon refused produce asserting separation powers legislative executive branches claiming executive privilege withhold information congress midst nixon vice president spiro agnew resigned investigation income tax evasion twenty amendment constitution provided president choose vice president consent congress
public opinion grounded political values acquire values process political socialization complex process individuals aware political learn political facts form political values reflect moment socialized politics earliest recollection president learn political parties identify party decide don don liberal met conservative learn hydrogen bomb soviet union obviously paths political awareness knowledge values differ individuals exposed influences agents socialization especially childhood young adulthood influences family school community including peers psychologists scholars political socialization place emphasis early learning groups note operating principles characterize early learning primacy principle learned learned structuring principle learned structures later learning learn family family tends important agent early socialization extent family influence influence socializing agents depends extent exposure amount communication receptivity cases exposure communication receptivity highest family child relations families children learn wide range values social moral religious economic political help shape opinions surprising link earliest recollections politics families politically important things children learn parents party identification
supportive behavior includes purely ceremonial acts expressions allegiance government country stated chapter governments try cultivate support country form government governments country educational system primary means developing generalized political support american children recite pledge allegiance socialized political system children realize engaged form supportive participation graduate school job acquire home decide fly american flag holidays continue form political participation showing support country implication political system ceremonial acts require effort knowledge personal courage require initiative part citizen simple act turning vote show support political system exercise greater initiative demonstrating political allegiance engaging difficult acts participation volunteering serve election judges nonpartisan elections organizing holiday parades times spirited citizens allow patriotism cross line unconventional behavior disrupt rallies groups perceive radical un american radical groups threaten political system wrenching change superpatriots pose threat misguided excesses allegiance deny nonviolent means dissent influencing behavior seeks modify reverse government policy serve political interests attempts influence government policy subdivided seek benefits government broad policy objectives
phil gramm economics professor texas university elected congress democrat texas sixth district constituents lived fourteen counties suburban dallas suburban houston basically conservative suited gramm stauch conservative found democratic colleagues congress liberal ran reelection won ronald reagan elected president reagan republican gramm kind president anxious cut social spending eager increase military spending gramm reagan phil gramm won seat house budget committee important committee reviews president budget prepares version acceptable house gramm found democratic colleagues committee willing spend government money social programs preferred reagan cost cutting tax cutting approach gramm began meet reagan director office management budget omb david stockman reveal democrats plans devise alternative budget word soon leaked democratic members budget committee objected gramm participation meetings chairman house democratic caucus gramm fox hen house spring stopped meeting democrats gramm began meet republicans budget committee cosponsored leading republican key amendment budget resolution substituted reagan economic blueprint backed democrats reagan income tax cut cuts domestic spending increases military spending owed phil gramm democrat texas dismay house democratic leadership
major networks filled air coverage hostage crisis scheduled news programs specials numerous special bulletins cnn twenty hour cable news service covered networks competed scoop catered hijackers process june abc news correspondents charles glass julie flint standing runway granted exclusive camera interview twa crew members guarded gun wielding captors abc scored coup june edition morning america david hartman spoke telephone nabih berri lebanese government official close connections sect let hartman interview hostages berri headquarters morning america showed wife hostages speaking cyprus satellite captive husband berri office spoke berri ironically lebanon minister justice offered words comfort industry publication broadcasting referred incident classic theater absurd networks scored coups nbc flew hostage families frankfurt putting hotels return exclusive interviews captives released dan cbs taped interview berri started negotiations hostages release berri clearly backed shi ite told ostensibly representing united states israelis took hundred shi ite prisoners neutral country ready send americans plane country exchange eventually hostages shi ite prisoners released additional deaths
half population reports watching network news daily percent say watch network news times week faithful watchers television news hear political news radio read newspapers news magazines short overwhelming majority american public exposed news mass media learned news bombarded hours national survey asked twelve months news event say remember percent sample answered recalled nonpolitical events remembered news recalled political news israel seige bombing beirut summer emerged memorable event cited percent clear idea political murders murderers totally outdistanced foreign wars foreign homicidal maniacs class proved times memorable brutal war iran iraq public recalling domestic political news prompted survey conducted height presidential primary campaign percent respondents gave incorrect answers question asked reagan inflation rate gotten worse leveled gotten gotten percent chosen alternative guessing choices didn remember specific hours television viewing
legislative system executive legislative functions divided president congress elected separately democracies britain japan parliamentary governments parliamentary system chief executive leader party holds seats legislature election party forms major part ruling coalition instance margaret thatcher prime minister britain head british government leader conservative party won majority seats elections held win office directly national election british voters knew mrs thatcher prime minister party won election actually cast votes candidates hundred parliamentary elections country citizens voted mrs thatcher district finchley voters nation put office choosing conservative candidates party leadership preference candidates leadership opposition parties parliamentary system government power highly concentrated legislative leadership leader majority party head government parliamentary legislatures composed house chamber weaker british parliament house commons makes decisions government chamber house lords honorary debating club distinguished members society parliamentary governments lack court invalidate acts parliament system government hands party controls parliament
justice felix frankfurter commented indication god provoked extraordinary comment chief justice fred vinson died unexpectedly september frankfurter despised vinson leader disliked person vinson sudden death cast light hope school segregation cases known collectively brown board education issue public school segregation argued united states supreme court late justices deeply divided vinson supported upholding racial segregation united states clear justices ready reach decision set school segregation cases reargument frankfurter caustic remark reflected critical role vinson replacement chief justice play court tackled desegregation issue september appointment president dwight eisenhower chose california governor earl warren chief justice president later regret choice reargument december chief justice led court division unanimity issue school segregation unlike predecessor warren began secret conference decide segregation issue strong statement segregation contrary thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth amendments constitution personally remarked chief justice today justify segregation based solely race court uphold segregation argued theory blacks inherently inferior whites discussion proceeded warren opponents cast awkward position appearing support racism justices clearly warren side making votes prepared join majority warren opinion satisfied
justice department responsible faithful execution laws president authority main administrators federal law enforcement ninety attorneys appointed president advice consent senate unlike federal judges appointees serve pleasure president expected relinquish positions reins government change hands attorney federal judicial district staffs assistant attorneys vary roughly amount federal litigation district attorneys possess considerable discretion makes powerful political figures community decision prosecute affects wealth freedom rights reputation individuals organizations district attorneys government free political control despite lack lifetime appointment position demands media attention serves political ambitions president richard nixon appointed jim thompson attorney northern district illinois covering chicago metropolitan area thompson vowed root political corruption office successfully prosecuted leading democrats active chicago illinois politics notches briefcase earned thompson public exposure helped launch successful campaign governor illinois lawsuits represent tip iceberg disputes disputes surface courts lawsuits begun united states overwhelming proportion end court judgment civil cases settled parties give courts dismiss claims legitimate bounds judicial resolution criminal cases end plea bargaining defendants admit guilt expectation punishment severe trial
ad campaign aimed young encourages consider armed forces re place start message young adults learning skill armed services acquire important credential job hunt military obligation ends course job training comes uncle sam expense logic apparently holds senior officers entered military thought acquiring skills retirement military experience land lucrative jobs working defense contractors defense contractors want experienced military officers help win contracts worry product industry spokesperson put need competitive business critics charge military officers able win favorable treatment employers revolving door pattern pervasive period military officers rank major higher left armed services position defense contractor left join private sector colonel harvey paskin supervised development radar fighter jet air force left westinghouse radar lieutenant colonel john neal worked joint chiefs staff officer charge ground mobile command center left join trw senior planner ground mobile command center major general henry stelling jr vice commander electronics systems division air base left join defense electronics operations division rockwell international
contra aid debate illustration rift characterized american foreign policymaking vietnam war opposing viewpoints emerged represented munich paradigm vietnam paradigm view vietnam war fought noble overcome communist aggression america south vietnamese allies won vietnam country prevail allowed military job trained according view united states willing intervene militarily globe put major threat order freedom soviet inspired communist aggression political scientists called viewpoint munich pearl harbor paradigm reflects influence events led war ii soviets replaced hitler central threat peace split east west important division politics proved communists believed fundamentally hand soviet union generally communist actions according support view primary goal foreign policy promote order communist expansion united states commit preventing soviet takeover globe prepared move instance soviet aggression america maintain strong military munich paradigm essentially represents outlook reagan administration view vietnam paradigm takes point departure vietnam experience war ii
president jimmy carter stance foreign policy differed substantially predecessors significant emphasis human rights leveling criticism sanctions friends enemies poor human rights records addition carter tended downplay soviet threat administration viewed revolutions nicaragua iran largely products internal forces necessarily soviet inspired hesitate fault soviets lack attention human rights contrast nixon kissinger era carter leaned open secret diplomacy approach foreign policy criticized overly idealistic greatest foreign policy achievement camp david accords stemmed isolated meeting arranged egyptian president anwar sadat israeli premier menachem begin presidential retreat maryland sealed press days secret discussions produced agreement ended israel occupation sinai peninsula carter administration speak voice foreign policy ambassador andrew young tended emphasize issues involving economic political development national security adviser zbigniew brzezinski continued expend energies traditional soviet issues end carter term soviet invasion afghanistan president attitude russians hardened successor ronald reagan brought oval office firm belief soviets responsible evil hand found turmoil reagan attributed instability central america specifically el salvador nicaragua principally actions soviets surrogates cubans sandinistas
incorrect say vietnam paradigm adherents oppose force incorrect imply munich paradigm supporters reject methods short force president contra aid package contained substantial sums money economic aid central american democracies aid economic tools united states disposal serving foreign policy goals economic tools including development aid preferential trade agreements favored nation status loans favorable credit terms positive inducements incentives nations support policies tools boycotts embargoes punish nations policies approve recent carter administration united states imposed grain embargo soviet union united states stopped wheat shipments soviet union convince russians leave afghanistan shortly castro took power cuba united states imposed boycott cuban products refused allow citizens import cuban sugar cigars goods grain embargo boycott cuban goods proved effective furthering foreign policy goals soviets afghanistan castro power cuba secure policies effects home american pluralist democracy help explain dropped remains effect american grain farmers seriously hurt soviet grain embargo caught suddenly market huge amounts wheat originally destined soviet union
happen political decisions authoritative mean allocation rejected didn court decisions disposition property accepted losers regulatory decisions controlling pollution advisory elections decisive public opinion polls society degenerate anarchic anarchic political simply group authority makes allocation values political source dispersion authority vary military dictatorship army keeps leader power monarchy accept tradition king queen throne theocracies leaders authority comes religious belief speak gods direct democracy authority hands participate directly government town meetings england contemporary direct democracy adults town gather times meetings vote directly issues political systems decisions political accepted winners losers alike authoritative united states pure direct democracy authority substantive decisions directly hands nation representative democracy means decision making delegated officials power winning votes effect grant president congress judiciary power determine receive valued things retain authority allocate elective offices
unsuccessful attempts amend constitution proposed amendments failed pass congress approved congress received ratification sufficient number states recent unsuccessful attempts proposed equal rights amendment era passed overwhelmingly congress amendment read equality rights law denied abridged united states account sex approved quickly legislatures bitter opposition amendment deadline ratification approached total ratifications short thirty required congress voted extend deadline thirty months despite intensive efforts pro era groups additional states ratified proposal died attempt pass amendment anew failed house votes era victim increasingly conservative sentiment country congress debate abortion approved congress amendment granted district columbia full congressional representation senators representatives receive population amendment popular country large part opposition stemmed racial composition district black americans majority residents members congress black open objection certainly liberal democrats republicans reluctant seats guaranteed opponents ten states ratified deadline senate approved amendment require balanced federal budget proposal rejected house
supreme court attempted define standard majority opinion justice william brennan held test determine obscenity average person applying contemporary community standards dominant theme material appeals prurient lewd lustful interest definition helpful word prurient easier understand word obscene communities censoring movies books publications majority justices think banned court overturned censorship movie version lady lover permitted publication magazines photographs intended appeal homosexuals justices faced real dilemma explicit obscene making decisions obscene compounding problem continuing failure agree standard explicit brennan test decade half liberal majority able opinion express standard black douglas maintained amendment absolute censorship permissible liberal justices expanded brennan prurient interest standard argued obscene material patently offensive utterly redeeming social importance material failed tests independently judged obscene publication punished views justice potter stewart sum problem argued hard core pornography censored define material fell standard confusion reigned court appointments richard nixon restored conservative majority supreme court issue
potential problem strong mayor plan possibility political deadlock city council mayor problem arises strong mayor system reflects separation powers executive legislative branches national politics amount power local government national government dividing power restrain potential tyrants ludicrous city government important prevent deadlock provide city governments unity initiative solve urban problems reason kinds municipal plans eliminate distinction legislative executive branches altogether plan commission plan advocated early progressive reformers city council called commission commissioner chief administrative officer large administrative departments commissioners elected officers city government fourth plan discussed earler city manager plan typical city manager considerable responsibilities unlike strong mayor city manager supposed completely nonpolitical fact managers cities serve tends ensure absence political ties city manager totally accountable city council separation powers capable creating institutional deadlock figure manager obey policy decisions city council council fire manager city manager plan advantage commission plan administrative agencies city manager direction effective coordination policy areas range planning late cities wracked rioting forms unrest limitations city manager plan clear
book encounter references watergate affair event began june arrest caught rifling files bugging telephones democratic national committee offices watergate apartment office complex washington break seen rate burglary twenty months scandal spread involving members nixon administration ultimately leading richard nixon resignation office scandal public attention end vietnam war history war chapter foreign policy events marked effect public opinion outcome decline americans belief righteousness effectiveness government january burglars convicted confessed defendants james mccord fbi agent member white house staff wrote john sirica trial judge implicating members white house staff crime sirica responded reopening case senate select committee began hearings affair appearance committee john dean iii white house counsel beginning end nixon administration days detailed testimony delivered precise monotone dean efforts nixon chief aides attorney general cover crime testimony aide alexander butterfield revealed nixon installed taping system white house conversations cover recorded nixon protesting innocense announced resignation chief aides promised find facts case
federalist party lasted short collapse due primarily general distaste politicians public political parties opposition war party greatest contribution greatest loss peaceful transfer power federalist president john adams democratic republican jefferson transfer established tradition succession conflict rare today jefferson election democratic party majority party subsequent elections james madison james monroe created unbroken line democratic presidents party held simultaneous majorities congress hoped original formation parties temporary consensus america consensus hand period party politics lasted quarter century presidency andrew jackson jackson election marked crucial turning point party history heretofore parties primarily coalitions elites ruled genteel fashion referred aristocratic democratic jackson symbolized ascendancy frontier nonaristocratic individualism spirit supporters especially martin van buren york moved aggressively organize electorate provide popular support polls conventions invented permitting expression viewpoints nation democratic party truly national electoral political party today whig party formed response jacksonian democratic party base native born protestant formed organized federalists reformers opposed jackson deemphasis central government washington
partisan press directed opposing elites literacy rates increased broad based audience developed public served kind paper penny press called cost comparison existing papers cost cents mass circulation newspapers printed sensational stories attract sales began meet increasing demands sensational news response growing urbanization industrialization immigration education public especially urban labor force journalism arose end nineteenth century key figure joseph pulitzer founder st louis post dispatch later revitalizer york famous commands staff accuracy accuracy accuracy terseness intelligent stupid condensation combined news entertainment careful eye technological advances william randolph hearst owner san francisco examiner viewed friend ordinary citizen paper pulitzer known sensationalism vulgarity called yellow journalism named yellow kid cartoons continued serve partisan goals friends ordinary citizen sympathetic candidates william jennings bryan progressive robert lafollette opinion magazines cosmopolitan collier encouraged muckraking term coined theodore roosevelt reference foul deeds exposing muckrakers revealed underside industrialization centralization power occurring ida tarbell corrupt practices organizations john rockefeller standard oil lincoln steffens wrote shame cities municipal government corruption david graham phillips attacked interests senate
browsing bookcases capital offices bracing volumes conceal reading boring titles encyclopedia associations compelling companion association management list largest nation lobbies american trucking association national education association cite smallest strangest american association aardvark aficionados zombie association neglect american guild english handbell ringers british beer mat collectors society bus history association campaign surplus rosaries society restoration preservation red tricycle racing club america town layered titles de rigueur course lobby lobbies american society association executives known clients include association tongue depressors national clogging hoedown council north american tug war federation society dirty american cricket growers association represents diastematic club america gap front teeth millimeters international dull club count dracula society questions conflict interest arise groups antithetical lobbying aims potato chip snack food association national nutritional foods association expect stand critical issue chips crudites clam dip conventions association executives gather president american sunbathing association representing nudists president apparel manufacturers association matter zombies relate folks institute reality therapy
seen policy making process strongly influenced interest groups fact interests exist represented group interests represented equally public interest served responding large numbers minority interests section consider problems created interest group politics preferences easily organized represented interest groups republican senator robert dole points poor pacs food stamp pacs nutrition pacs medicare pacs large groups resources difficult organize result insider interest groups foot door congress executive branch agencies tend business professional groups groups benefited rule created proliferation pacs observers means business corporations rights political impact differs dwarfs ordinary citizen seen consumers environmentalists women counterbalance extent weight corporations professional associations success depends mobilized public opinion public opinion stay mobilized periods public passivity groups suffer setbacks previous gains consumer movement march completely routed environmental movement defeated colorado representative wayne aspinall created environmental protection agency saw agency reagan administration led policy positions indistinguishable aspinall
interest groups lobby committees congress insure constant flow services government agency let consider merchant marine industry fisheries merchant marine committee congress maritime commission merchant marine industry reached zenith period clipper ships early nineteenth century british proved able steamships american shipbuilders congress responded pleas help american merchant marine industry subsidy form ocean mail contracts shipping industry bad shape congress added subsidy form ship construction loans depression hit clear americans build operate ships cheaply nations congress acting primarily house committee fisheries merchant marine created legislation subsidize shipbuilding shipping operations maritime administration created department commerce aid development promotion operation merchant marine mutual support network interest group bureaucracy legislative committee demonstrated reform minded post watergate congress considered reorganizing committee system congress reducing number narrow special interest oversight committees legislation heard larger representative committees representing numerous points view special interest committees eliminated house merchant marine committee proposal generated storm lobbying preserve committee members congress shipping firms labor organizations elements maritime industry maritime unions donated campaigns senators members congress succeeded getting afl cio executive council oppose officially elimination committee
factors contributed ronald reagan success president superb oratorical style sound conciliatory angry statements soviet bloc contradict reagan report tries answer question plays game game changing rhetoric response specific needs situations thomas mann executive director american political science association recent interview key difference reagan presidents reagan mind fundamentals wants accomplish conveys consistent set goals lead think changing direction jimmy carter say confusing signals trying accomplish mann reagan confusion constancy fundamentals permits alter rhetoric tailoring specific situations accused indecisive contradictory fred greenstein professor politics princeton written books presidency say reagan mind full rigidities public shown play game politics standard move public ideological positions thought served practical purpose psychological level says realize cut deal wanted underestimated added beneath rhetoric guy operate mayor daley bismarck operate
primary activity courts settle conflicts conflict sides comes court settlement called case cases involve criminal law rules government violation punished fines imprisonment say person charged robbing bank government claim defendant guilty defendant claim innocence court decision judge jury apply law determine correct cases involve civil law disputes individuals groups possibly including government matters responsibility rights civil disputes issue breaking law automobile accident injured party sue monetary compensation claiming driver responsible accident court decides claim valid money owed civil cases involve real disagreements parties trumped court decision justice robert jackson words courts starter essentially passive institutions unlike president congress judges looking problems solve wait initiate cases decide questions brought major issues public policy eventually courts courts rarely control mix questions timing issues consider courts perform activity political system public policy federal district court judge frank johnson jr ruling alabama failure provide adequate treatment patients mental hospital violated constitutional rights
context times added president power stakes high nuclear age widespread agreement president able act quickly forcefully foreign affairs policies acceptable successful president remain powerful considerable latitude wants power wanes congress likely step noted chapter presidential power situation deteriorated early congress able mount considerable opposition recent presidential policies central america middle east congress responded adding restrictions conditions foreign aid bills fact comprehensive aid bill congress recent restrictions appropriations el salvador contingent improved human rights conditions land reform president foreign policy making constrained individuals agencies foreign policy bureaucracy cuban missile crisis kennedy decided impose naval blockade cuba goal offensive missiles reaching cuba give united states ussr negotiate happened order transmitted bureaucracy naval vessels navy responded stopping soviet ship miles quarantine line boarding act war decreasing tensions navy increased risk soviet leadership drastic kennedy outraged questioned navy simply standard operating procedures blockade finally president freedom restricted publics foreign policy
deciding spend national defense lawmakers find struggling balance needs country needs constituents defense contracts mean jobs members congress find constituents preferences jobs outweigh preferences controlling deficit lawmakers want budget effectively find voting projects defeat goal report york times shows representative joseph addabbo recalls visiting headquarters rockwell international corporation prime contractor bomber saw map nation strings radiating plant subcontractor building part bomber strings covered entire map addabbo queens democrat remembered map leading unsuccessful fight congress kill program losing members addabbo heads appropriations subcommittee defense joe built plant district need jobs anecdote shows congress buffeted conflicting forces tries grapple military budget accounts government spending lawmakers parochial political concerns motivate times treat defense department budget sort public works bill dispenses money jobs home department big cumbersome wants dig try understand senator charles grassley iowa republican emerged leading critic pentagon military budget deteriorated pork barrel allocation resources lawmakers assert procuring contracts jobs voters apologize
post vietnam era ussr able surpass united states strategic capabilities house minority leader robert michel noted united states nuclear arms race desperate dangerous deadly nuclear arms predicament brought soviet nuclear arms buildup unanswered united states seen united states answer public pressure slow spending aftermath vietnam war presidential commission report argued imbalance soviets massive ability destroy hardened protected land based military targets ballistic missile force lack capability argued imbalance greatly increases chances nuclear war scenario beginning nuclear war created current imbalance follows past ten ussr greatly increased quality nuclear forces ussr incredible accuracy missiles launch attack missile silos effectively eliminate icbm force united states capability reciprocate policy makers faced unpleasant options hand launch strike ussr position initiating nuclear war involve killing millions civilians hand submit soviet blackmail argued united states choice accept soviet victory realistic scenario answer depends number assumptions agreement defense community
constitutional convention curiously revolutionary body conservative truth views entire history mankind witnessed single case successful enduring representative republic large area convention aware fact delegate happen arrived philadelphia learned soon minds lips greater leaders convention philadelphia turned envisioned rule rare expanding representative government vast domain revolutionary undertaking framers uncertain thirteen states evidently assumed total population million compilation convention counted million whites half million blacks number free white male citizens fifteen twenty times large athens century idea democracy advanced charles pinckney south carolina pointed early weeks convention united states include territory miles length breadth york larger dutch confederacy philadelphia took granted population territory united states expand ultimately country unbelievable vastness experience furnished history foredoom attempt establish national government republican principles domain
delegates federalists let call strongly opposed objectives national federalists early proceedings john lansing york denounced proposals national federalists clearly opinion authorized accede system annihilate governments expect thirteen states surrender governments national plan fact lansing fellow yorker robert yates left convention protesting sovereignty destroyed national government luther martin maryland presented extensive case federalism general government meant merely preserve governments govern individuals powers narrow limits states individuals nature equally sovereign free added madison rare editorial comments substance residue discourse delivered diffuseness considerable vehemence lansing yates martin quit convention fought bitterly maryland adoption constitution delegates agreed federalists points states preserved constituent important elements federal system sense federalist hamilton usual lonely exception national federalists extreme willing states abolished hamilton views found support age conviction republic function large area madison tried blunt point arguing seen size vice virtue
american doctrine divided authority holds majorities lose legitimacy infringe natural rights absolute standards political justice dispute natural rights absolute standards extend boundary majority rule individual rights continually disputed america national history nonetheless doctrine majority govern properly restricted inalienable rights widely challenged americans earliest times doctrines inalienable rights states rights invoked defeated minorities challenge legitimacy constitutionality laws enacted proposed president congress attacks national law individual states rights expressed documents passed legislatures virginia kentucky convention hartford attended representatives england states opposed war legislature south carolina opposed federal tariff imports south carolina declaration secession december principles revived south onward justify resistance supreme court decisions integration specific institutions admired criticized groups times depending interests stake doctrine divided authority rarely rejected outright liberals attacked supreme court defended majority rule prestige court liberals highest early deal conservatives saw court bastion freedom view tyrannical
joined president authority foreign affairs executive power executive power vested president obligation care laws faithfully executed authority commander chief army navy united states militia states called actual services united states constitute vague substantial constitutional buttresses presidential discretionary authority exact limits remain unclear strike threatened steel industry midst korean war president truman seized country steel plants order avert strike statutory authority steel companies contested seizure counsel argued president authority derived position bearer executive power commander chief officer responsible execution laws vote court denied legality steel seizure majority divided truman constitutional theory wrong existing congressional legislation implication forbidden drastic action truman settle dispute constitutional authority court opinion denying truman constitutional claim historic unworkable congressional utterance matter procured plain strike avoided fashion precedents court president acting regarding matters congress act instance court intervene restrain president important mind president truman justified actions reference korean war assumed extraordinary move president unlikely
constitution recall require house members elected districts leaves times places manner holding elections representatives legislatures article section practice states divided legislatures number districts equal number representatives system exists legislatures legislators elected districts obvious consequence arrangement population states heavy hand history produce growing disparity number citizens district happened house representatives originally seen population united states lived rural areas urban dwellers increased finally outnumbered rural population number representatives granted legislatures failed increase rate house representatives overrepresent rural small town areas expense cities later suburbs overrepresentation rural small town areas meant practice house overrepresented loosely called conservative small town attitudes paradoxically population making house responsive cities suburban areas making senate states lacked big cities extensive suburban areas rural small town population shrank composition senate underwent number democrats increased republicans declined democratic senators northern states fewer south traditional hold conservative southern democrats committee chairmanships lost republicans democrats liberals fewer conservatives
jealousies antagonisms origins personalities institutional loyalties conflict stems fact president senate house reflects sense represents assortment interests individual organization access powerful committee chairman senate access chairman equivalent committee house white house influential agencies executive branch set constituents mind elected politicians misperceive views electorate give deal thought actions think win lose favor constituents hasty view matter lead suppose president senate house chosen american electorate follow essentially general set constituents mind case begin strictly true say electorates presidential congressional elections identical social economic characteristics electorates voting turnout congressional elections ordinarily percent turnout presidential elections electorate smaller cross section electorate presidential chapter midterm congressional elections voters likely vote strictly according party loyalties addition course mood temper issues occur interval presidential midterm elections
lived republic history aristocratic republic venice explicitly forbade formation enduring political organizations sought provide sufficient checks balances officials prevent arbitrary decisions insure large measure consensus laws organized opposition seen unnecessary danger stability republic ancient medieval republics venice factions coalitions alliances kind existed popular assemblies athens late roman republic political alliances sought votes candidates laws popular assemblies evidently groups highly organized permanent structure lacked definite names sooner later factions typically settled differences bloodshed system managing major political conflicts society allowing opposition parties compete governing parties votes elections parliament modern surely greatest unexpected social discoveries stumbled centuries ago accurately foreseen britain sure eighteenth century rival groups formed parliament names whig tory applied whigs tories constitute political parties late nineteenth twentieth centures labels adopted foisted common real ties basic political unit group connexion called party formed leadership successful politician
despite differences shading emphasis ideological commitments leaders parties alike campaigns opponents find tempting distinguish ideologically gross exaggerations caricatures downright falsehoods provided firmer basis usual ideological distinctions presidential campaign departure norm republican candidate senator barry goldwater unashamedly professed extremely conservative ideology intended odds liberal conservative ideology republican democratic leaders espoused decades senator conservatism scarcely distinguishable prevailing ideology parties nineteenth century conservatives found difficult formulate coherent expression abstract ideology simply restate platitudes incorporated rhetoric parties marked difference parties ideologies programs policies differences greater mere examination rhetoric lead expect greater fact difference european parties substitute rhetoric concrete programs true parties adopt identical platforms national conventions american parties cohesive parties countries issues democrats republicans divide sharply content party conflict historical period generation persistently divisive issues distinguish democrats republicans president lines side leaders opposition party chances high proportion democrats vote republicans
oldest simple solution presented earliest systematic analyses british american parties moisei ostrogorski consisted discarding permanent parties restoring reserving party essential character combination citizens formed specially political issue party holding members joined viselike grasp give place combinations forming reforming spontaneously according changing problems play opinions brought citizens part company question join forces solution adopted country advantages permanent organizations ostrogorski spontaneous combinations readily defeated united states democratic country specific solution decisively rejected favor permanent parties view seemingly keeping reality widely accepted view bulk voters party loyalists act pursuit rational aims nonrational loyalties considerable body independents stands parties votes independents argument runs essentially determine elections independents rational reflective give genuine consideration candidates programs parties choices number thoughtful independents sufficiently large number loyalists side majority independents determine outcome party competition places decisive voice elections exactly belongs thoughtful judicious reflective citizens committed party
attitudes distributed geographically relevant countries legislators chosen system porportional representation country divided election districts states office goes candidate votes candidates fewer votes defeated intensity political conflict depend views located country opposition minority concentrated region find easier gain representation legislature dispersed evenly nation extra representation election system regional minority strong position views alive command conformity views region punish dissenters portray opponents outsiders aliens foreigners special effects regionalism conflict call attention broader observation severity conflict depends conflict related society offers number lines cleavages conflict place differences geography ethnic identification religion economic position present potential lines cleavage conflicts cleavages occur lines hold opposing positions dispute severity conflicts likely increase person side opponent soon enemy madison foresaw cleavages occur lines persons opponents allies conflicts likely severe
socioeconomic differences united states tend produce intersecting lines cleavage big dividing line citizens living occupation property income economic factors important shaping citizens appraise stakes involved political issues americans differ economic positions differences economic positions foster differing political views political controversies means traced ways citizens differ economically economic explanations american politics explain explain deal try explain american politics looking economic factors resulting divisions significant variety complexity simplicity fact soon makes discoveries socioeconomic differences matter correlation weak attitudes politics differences social economic positions matter americans classified economic categories groups invariably turn politically diverse questions category americans internally divided view rest population divided individuals groups agree issue likely split case civil war americans farmers differences crops markets problems transportation competition effects credit mortgages supply currency helped produce political conflict conflicts tariff national expenditures canals roads banks control mississippi partly explained economic differences
decade wore question slavery territories ultimate future slavery south required answer question union preserved costs secession permissible solution combination human beings single organized unit combination main ends democracy secure consent citizens citizens longer consent basic principles government allowed depart peace integrity union broken secession civil war settled matter establishing principle secession united states impermissible questions troublesome domain political theory lincoln answer knows profound commitment union part view reflected nationalism forms vital underpinning modern nation nonrational unanalyzable dedication nationalists disagree boundaries doubt nation defined nation preserved addition lincoln deep commitment importance american democracy founded principles liberty equality mankind south secede greatest living evidence proposition democracy survive challenge dissident minorities longer serve proof impossible minority acquiesce majority government cease lincoln inaugural address minority case secede acquiesce precedent turn divide ruin
term democracy greeks assumed numerous diverse citizens small city beginning nineteenth century advocates democracy generally assumed citizens nation constitute boundaries nation states mainly products struggle violence persons incorporated boundaries force necessarily form residents nation disagree form single separate countries general principles look guidance general principles obscure difficult controversial command agreement issues arise practice force likely prevail reasoned discussion peaceful settlement agree collection human beings americans let say constitute single purposes governing according principles consent political equality problems remain ardent advocate democracy intend consent political equality apply literally full political equality denied part consent thought unnecessary held incompetent grounds immaturity seriously contends suffrage extended children majority means majority adults suppose americans swiss canadians want combine single governing unit purposes smaller units states provinces cantons cities towns purposes
politics aspects history americans believe mythical past political institutions met democratic ideals today myths grain truth saw chapter formative republic american conditions greatly favored democracy conditions proved transitory country highly decentralized system government adult white male farmers unusual degree social economic equality independence prevailed country infinitely greater complexity centralization considerably stronger social economic forces tending generate inequalities reasonably conclude american political system considerably democratic today accepting conclusion vital consider qualifications political system satisfactory democratic system white males definitely democracy majority adult population excluded women blacks american indians american political system today inclusive political rights larger share adult population fully protected previous american history respect system comes closer meeting democratic standards scope government levels national level narrower nineteenth century today extent political problems simpler important problem slavery simple understand alternatives reasonably clear proved case peaceful solution reached
central assumption democratic philosophers advocates satisfactory achievement democratic goals require opportunities education widely utilized vast body citizens modern social science confirms traditional view study study social scientists found high correlation education variety factors political influence depends political participation forms organization memberships political knowledge confidence single factor shows steadily studies highly related political effectiveness general sense obvious education tends enhance basic opportunities standards political equality active consent opportunities discovering wants communicating wants acting effectively insure wants account equally government decisions looking matter obvious providing knowledge skills ways acquiring knowledge skills education facilitates acquisition resources gaining influence helps develop special skills relevant political skills arts communication organization education tends contributes development kinds incentives likely individual direct energies political action persist political action comparatively periods education powerful channeling screening function person elementary school education likely highly involved politics person college
actual words sentence patterns heard seen listeners readers called surface structure language surface structure language varies language language dialect dialect surface level written spoken forms language dialect wholly equivalent duplicates lexical grammatical units language system differences specific units speech writing vocabulary difference slang speech formal writing grammatical difference apparent passive sentences frequently writing seldom speech writing operate range vocabulary grammatical possibilities speech major sources linguistic information readers surface structure syntactic format tells arrangement position words nouns verbs syntactic format tells words groups words subjects predicates objects ect syntactic format word arrangement sentence children wanted pinata word children noun functioning subject word wanted verb functioning predicate word pinata noun functioning object source information semantic meanings words word pinata according webster refers decorated pottery jar filled candies fruits gifts hung ceiling broken part mexican festivities
word identification techniques strategies readers distinguish written word forms techniques utilizes kind information combination techniques instance identify word sequence words word identification techniques discussed chapters techniques based linguistic information based non linguistic information accompanies text techniques discussed chapters involve visual configuration clues picture clues essentially non linguistic word identification techniques techniques involving semantic syntactic clues chapter word identification techniques language related depend verbal context techniques classified word techniques readers identify words able analyze words structural components readers reading vocabulary longest word beautiful configuration clue word length identify word form beautiful able analyze semantic phonic components encountering word form periscope beneath picture periscope chapter describing submarines readers picture clue identify periscope similarly sentence shoes small squeeze readers identify missing word feet reference word structure feet words makes sense syntactically grammatically context morphemic phonic analysis techniques discussed chapters word techniques
efficient configuration clues based skill visual discrimination visual memory addition successfully identify written word forms spoken counterparts readers oral vocabularies visual configuration clues dependent knowledge letter names letter sound correspondences visual features function non acquainted pupils letters names easily able configuration clues familiarity letter shapes enables notice remember recall distinctive features words visual configuration clues require knowledge letter shapes names letter sound correspondences beginning readers read meaningful sequences words soon recognize words configuration clues core words recognized configuration clues form basis learning letter sound correspondences technique special advantage pupils unable auditory clues effecitvely required phonics profit visual clues pupils include deficient auditory abilities immature auditory development process information easily brain hemispheres non linguistic technique advantage affected dialect variablity equally successfully speakers standard nonstandard divergent english speakers languages natural learning visually identifiable things easy technique teach children begin configuration clues learn words traffic signs cereal boxes television commericals start school teachers need build foundation children
sources clues identify words connected verbal context semantic lexical information syntactic grammatical information readers semantic clues knowledge meanings words context syntactic clues knowledge ways sentences formed semantic syntactic clues interdependent semantic units carry syntactic information syntactic units carry semantic information readers tend anticipate confirm identification words reasons speak write teaching reading distinguish semantic syntactic clues refer meaning clues sentence clues story clues contextual clues course labeling jointly fails distinguish important divisions language system failure differentiate systems results misrepresentation language lead confusion teaching clues important note consider semantic syntactic clues distinct regard primary means identification written words consider kinds clues merely means checking supplementing word identification techniques expect readers identify word means phonic clues consciously ask sense sound inferred identification word sense sound context passage read readers assume phonic analysis correct resulted correct identification word
semantic clues clues answer readers question sense considering identification unfamiliar word answer question involves integration context word appears readers background knowledge clues enable readers infer meaning word form able identify words able follow sense sentence source information technique semantic structure language readers apply total past experiences knowledge language reading words predictable consistent content language written material familiar content reading material greater readers semantic clues meaning suddenly appears ends sentences information point help readers anticipate coming amplify preceded readers accumulate semantic information read semantic information end sentence beginning end paragraph end selection ordinarily position identify words successfully technique ends units beginning rely heavily word structure clues semantic clues initial proficient stages reading takes form making inferences basis literal meaning material read semantic clues occur unidentified word form meaningful context permits anticipation words successful identification words clues follow
words meanings pupils written forms learned identify word forms pupils pronounce meanings prepare locate paragraphs words embedded lexical clues identification located preceding sentences select word identified write locate set related sentences sentences passages appearing pupils published reading materials semantic clues normal aspect writing final sentence set include target word preceding sentence include lexical information related word words sentence identified semantic clues familiar pupils present word identification problems familiar content pupils successfully able contextual semantic clues consider examples helen finished making applesauce putting spice needed add cinnamon word identified cinnamon semantic clues words applesauce spice preceding sentence adam loved flying flew plane piper cub saturday afternoon flying atlanta rainstorm plane struck lightning plane started fall adam bailed parachuted safely ground word identified semantic clues parachuted semantic clues flying sentence plane sentence rainstorm struck lightning sentence semantic information preceding parachuted final sentence
effective morphemic clues word identification depends readers familiarity specific morpheme units include roots prefixes suffixes inflections categories discussed root word part prefix suffix inflection conveys major portion word meaning term root term materials related reading instruction linguists hand commonly term base root english free bound free roots variously called roots root words morphemes bases recognizable english words smallest english words affixes prefixes suffixes inflectional endings attached examples include pay repay comfort comfortable elephant elephants bound roots root units occur english attached morphemes variously called word roots bases frequently foreign word roots parts participles bound roots english borrowed languages especially latin greek medieval french examples fer transfer latin chron chronology greek cour courage french french developed latin number borrowed words assigned language occurred bound roots evolved languages difficult identify meanings historical derivations fact substantial evidence evaluation bound roots helpful root identification limited free roots kinds root words pupils readily recognize affixed words
suffixes morphemes consisting instances syllables added ends roots called derivational suffixes differentiate inflectional endings inflectional suffixes prefixes bound morpheme units exist independently suffixes affect meanings roots affixed aspects meaning involved primary function derivational suffixes part speech syntactic function english sets suffixes major parts speech nouns verbs adjectives adverbs suffixes influence lexical meaning affect syntax word care converted careless careful adjectives suffixes give lexical meanings note difference meaning womanish womanly adjectives examples differences suffixes produce differences lexical meanings words syntatic function cases suffixes affect noun race converted racism noun meaning racist noun adjective depending context racist racist rules governing order suffixes fully analyzed suffixes develop meaning progressively basic root act noun verb word active adjective active words activity activism nouns activate verb variation spelling suffixes
efficient morphemic clues word identification depends number factors morphemic analysis identify words consisting morpheme single morpheme words identified techniques morphemic clues readers need aware words consist morpheme morphemes meaningful parts words multimorphemic words divided individual morphemes meaning word derived sum meaningful parts need understand concepts root prefix derivational suffix inflectional ending contraction need able recognize specific items categories morphemic analysis depends recognition specific meaning units words individual roots prefixes derivational suffixes inflectional endings contractions readers familiar effectively able morphemic clues word identification morphemic units parts words readers able distinguish readily parts wholes pupils difficulty separating discrete parts embedded total configurations kind figure ground discrimination able technique effectively effectiveness technique depends part pupils reading vocabularies words roots free bound roots readers recognize configuration phonic clues words identify derived inflected forms knowing foreign languages helpful morphemic clues prefixes suffixes roots derive latin french greek technique especially older pupils english language
writing easy tell word ends begins recognizes word easy identify syllable divisions device english writing system breaks syllables exception occasional hyphen written words coop op differentiated hyphen hyphen marks division syllables proficient readers identified written words divide written words syllables matching spelling units pronunciation units phonological exercise readers need divide syllables words identified interfere reading helpful unfamiliar word form encountered readers visually divide sequences letters smaller units identify smaller units assign stress patterns grapheme phoneme correspondences synthesize words editors printers frequently need break written words ends lines print developed rules hyphenating written words readers information syllabication words applying writing segmentation principles speech syllabication rules derived words pronounced based primarily phonological variables crossing morpheme boundaries writing segmentation rules based om morphological variables phonological written segments frequently parallel morpheme units regardless pronunciation division occurs vowel pronouncing ska ting writing division skat ing morphemic units stay intact exception dropped final writing division say ner vous write nerv ous preserve morphemes
accenting words relates stress intonation phonemic analyses recognize levels degrees stress force syllables produced spoken english sentences primary secondary tertiary reduced weak stress typical english sentence primary stress occurs root syllable word played happily words isolation levels stress primary secondary reduced words pronounced isolation lists primary stress falls root syllable words words abovementioned sentence spoken list played receive primary stress isolation single syllable root words pronounced primary stress multisyllabic root words derived inflected words primarily stressed syllables unstressed syllables secondarily stressed syllables accent patterns words depend number syllables morphological structure words words spoken isolation frequently stressed differently spoken sentences reason pupils difficulty identifying word form applied phonic principles correctly structure words vulnerable respect structure words unaccented context sound spoken isolation pronounced isolation context phrase apple pronounced napel reducing structure words presented isolation pupils initial stages reading development presented parts phrases sentences realize difference stressed unstressed syllable compare related words
correspondence presented graphemes phonemes sample words presented showing correspondence positions english words phonemes necessarily positions initial medial final phonemes occur beginnings english words occur ends words phoneme occur position represented letters positions instance ci spelling special correspondence occur beginnings words letters ci beginnings words represent phonemes words civil cider cigar phoneme specific letter letter combination represents conventional spelling depends position grapheme syllable word vowel letters vowel sounds occur positions phonemes vowel letters represent affected syllabic position general single vowel letters initial medial positions accented syllables single syllable words represent short vowel sounds final positions represent vowel sounds initial represents ebb medial represents met final represents se cret consonants occur initial final positions syllables single syllable words initial represents final st represent st fast syllabic structure english permit consonant phonemes medial positions syllables medial position implies preceding phonemes medial consonants preceded vowel phonemes creating syllable
morphemic clues generalizable word structure linguistic clues indirect mediated clues word parts identified synthesized words source information morphological structure language clues involve recognition meaning units words technique permits readers greater degree precision word techniques readers preoccupy analysis individual words lose sensitivity sentence meaning reason morphemic clues function effectively conjunction context based clues phonic clues generalizable word structure linguistic clues indirect mediated clues word parts identified synthesized words technique source information readers knowledge phonological structure language clues involve identification sound pronunciation units words sensitive dialect variations technique permits readers greater degree precision word clues technique involves analysis synthesis smallest word parts important conjunction context based techniques ensure meaningful reading pronunciation spelling word identification technique specifies pronunciations words part word identification process technique generalizable word based linguistic technique slowest word identification techniques involves departing text consulting reference source permits readers greatest amount independence nondirect technique combines word word structure features phonics related sound pronunciation units words unlike phonics dependent phonological information stored readers memories
emphasized word identification techniques presented separately book kind separation arbitrary artificial focus characteristics technique solely develop understanding proficient reading technique relied exclusively teachers teach encourage pupils variety clues flexibly combinations clues effective identifying words reading situations effectiveness technique enhanced combination beginning readers type clue learn technique taught visual configuration clues develop sight vocabulary begin learn phonic clues initial consonant grapheme phoneme correspondences learned rudiments technique tend consciously technique attempt identify word technique succeed try technique bring success try techniques repertoire teachers intervene remind pupils technique aware pupils difficulty technique pupils developed proficiency types clues encouraged combination pupils permitted techniques combinations techniques find effective important teachers familiar word identification techniques techniques
hundreds masai kikuyu lived neighbors live part africa called kenya masai move staying spot live cattle masai seldom school handled money kenya masai ways let children schools reason change kikuyus welcomed winds change kikuyu children school numbers leave tribal clothing clothes worn kikuyu cities doctors lawyers businessmen kikuyus changed want part changing fussy eater foods bees fussy don smell flowers don flowers pollen hard reach bees stay kinds plants bees fly flower flower carry pollen helps plants grow bees plants disappear grow honeybees alfalfa pollen hard reach alfalfa plant farmers grow food animals farmers needed help honeybees alfalfa
summer shores lake michigan covered thousands small dead fish called alewives alewives live atlantic ocean lake waters traveled rivers lake michigan alewives larger fish lake ate alewives fish called lampreys lake michigan lampreys parasites parasites animals live feed animals lampreys lived large fish large fish began die soon large fish left eat alewives alewives filled lake alewives live die wind tosses sand shores look ugly smell bad fall salmon trout put lake michigan fish natural enemies alewives salmon trout help shores lake michigan beautiful sprays rid bugs bugs scientists bugs fight bugs insects called gypsy moths attacked forests rangers sprayed gypsy moths numbers scientists brought europe hundreds thousands special small flies flies ate eggs gypsy moths flies helped save forests citrus blackfly attacked fruit trees florida california scientists brought beetles wasps asia australia
born india food farming india ago farmers oxen turn soil wooden plows indian government changing ways teachers villages help farmers learn tools show farmers ways farm bring farmers kinds seeds grow farmers asked try rice seed seed indian rice seed crossed japanese rice seed tested eleven scientists seed farmers grew times rice farmers tried wheat seed grew times wheat change farming taking place india taking place india india coming past erie canal opening november important de clinton soon important country clinton talked need waterway york laughed clinton ditch waterway finished cargo boats shortcut atlantic ocean lakes boats pulled horses surprised fast boats moved miles hour passengers paid cents mile
women learn earth rocks called geologists geologists study earth history learn earth want earth find ways save soil water help plan cities roads bridges geologists motto says mind hammer geologists carry small hammers field break pieces rock rocks home study learning kinds rocks place geologists put history area tell ocean covered land tell weather hot cold wet dry geologists maps show land water look today maps show ago geologists tell earth ago alice wilson known canadian home rock doctor lowlands home rich rocks fossils alice expert fossils buried limestone mary ann anning young woman lived england nearly ago loved storms torn cliffs home find rocks washed rain found fossil treasures hunts twelve mary found strange bones
peck peck peck egg hatch baby chick soon break shell baby chick mother hen hatching inside incubator hundreds eggs incubator egg hatching machine air inside incubator degrees night hours machine turns eggs twenty days ten eggs hatch raise chicks orders farmers ahead sure chicks ready eggs left hen nest hatch hen leaves nest eggs grow cold eggs broken animal incubators idea early egypt eggs mother hen warm hatched today electric heat millions eggs hatched incubators jet airplane races night flying miles earth airplane cold air thin air thin pilots barbara allen live special suit oxygen breathe inside airplane pilot allen wear special suit large jet airplane hundred traveling breathe oxygen tanks comfortable home
cows america cows brought english settlers cow thousand gallons milk eating summer eats grass acres ground eats tons feed drinks gallons water easy cows raised plenty grass water lakes plains southern wisconsin land rich season crops lasts plenty water place raise cattle grasslands cattle wisconsin leading dairy united states milk cows wisconsin wisconsin million dairy cows cows earliest times need kind record record put want remember wanted remember customs things tribe country called custom native americans experts tanning hides proud records expert tanner place dot handle scraping tool robe tanned
brown snow fell england snow turned brown dust air dust plains states miles wheat cattle destroyed land settlers reached plains found short thick grass raised cattle let animals graze land settlers plowed grass planted wheat wheat hold soil grass part ground bare dry weather wind picked earth blew air filled clouds dust animals live dust bowl put earth blown try losing soil ways farming part land left grass cover want dust bowl algae simple plants grow fresh water salt water seaweed algae grows salt water seaweed red brown color japanese plant sea ways food called kombu kombu seaweed dried cooked pressed dried cut thin pieces japanese eat lot kombu
tahiti beautiful island weather cold hot cool breeze sea need houses thick walls need shelter rain sun posts pounded ground form corners tahitian house poles tied bark frame slanting roof palm leaves leaves put frame tied fast roof thick cover leaves rain runs mats leaves grasses spread ground floor houses walls walls palm leaves bamboo strips look sides baskets breezes blow small openings walls roofs walls leaves fresh leaves picked roofs walls small nations sea sea greatest resource nations holland sailed seas rule peoples portugal crossed seas find land phoenicia searched seas looking trade routes thousand ago ancient phoenicians knew sea nation phoenicians built ships navigators phoenician sailors sailed home afraid sea strange places
half insects live plants rest catch kill insects food hunters insect kind hunter insect weapon dragonfly legs basket scoop insects sand wasp stinger stun victims hunter insects set traps tiger beetle digs small hole head top hole tiger beetle pop head jack box catches victims surprise ant lion digs hole sand waits bottom ant insect hole sand victim slides jaws waiting ant lion praying mantis large insect looks arms arms legs walking grab hold victims fight number insects eat food hunter insects help spiders build webs trap insects trap door spider hunting digs hole ten inches deep inch half wide makes lid dirt webbing trap door fit upper end hole cork fits bottle
change business village africa money business modern tribe money families exchanged goods market village trade market traded things things needed family exchanged bowls food eat money buy want money helped father head family gave food clothing sons families return sons worked father longer free paid road needed village helped build pay money village chief roads schools chief hires workers build projects roads schools built easy change business change trading goods money paying taxes takes country business buy goods products sell products countries business country buy bring things country called importing products country sell send things country called exporting products netherlands small country known holland
watercolors picture designs finger paints pictures putting colored paint paper cloth pictures painted navaho indians southwest paintings designs called sand paintings paintings bits powdered colored rock navahos paint large cowhide smooth sand sand flows fingers paintings designs indian gods pieces flowers meal vegetable materials sand paintings medicine ill medicine hoped navaho gods design sick today sand paintings special indian ceremonies beautiful paintings destroyed sun sets painted enjoy painted navaho gods haida indians live alaska northwest canada haida known wood carvings carvings animals tall poles decorated posts called totem poles haida carved wood peoples land carved designs canoes wooden boxes decorated designs told stories thought bring luck carving haida sharp stones pieces bone shells
farmland important country farmland supplies food needed owns land farmland owned farmers land owned farm places government owns farmland england farmers rent land families farmed piece land generations owning chile farmland owned wealthy landowners workers farmed land landowners divided land small farms sold today fewer large farms smaller russia land belongs government farmland divided group farms groups workers live farms worker receives share crops united states thirds land farms farmland owned families farm land farmers rent land farmers owned land farmed united states kinds farmland land planted crops places western part country dry rangeland cattle raised australia farmland dry climate similar rangeland inches rain fall land rain farmers grow crops
read page eyes blind read fingers ago france young boy playing father workshop making holes piece leather pointed tool tool flew hands struck face child louis braille injured eyes soon blind days blind read later louis braille idea remembered holes leather pushed tool part leather feel raised dots side raised dots alphabet fifteen louis braille found blind read invented kind code fingers mind learn named inventor read called braille today books printed braille look imagine dots raised think fingers learn braille communicate born hearing deaf able spoken language beginning deaf taught special language language share thoughts ideas language language sound sign language sign language
mexico stop working hours afternoon mexicans eat big lunch visit friends lie hammock enjoy quiet rest custom resting afternoon weather mexico warm ago middle hot rest midday called siesta air conditioned buildings takes midday mexico lunch biggest meal offices hours lunch quick lunch counters visit fast snack want home eat hotel restaurant home lunch family eat guests mexicans want lunchtime hurry want enjoy meal visit family friends want siesta cities grow bigger land buildings miles side big cities buildings place trees live cities enjoy america parks forests found parts america parks owned government build houses stores parks hike camp picnic
visiting southwest stop santa fe mexico low buildings flat roofs houses story high beautiful small gardens walls buildings tan brown earth adobe adobe spanish word means sun dried brick mixing clay soil straw water cost low houses built adobe stay cool summer heat warm winter santa fe oldest cities north america spanish settlers gave santa fe centuries spanish pueblo indians lived city adobe buildings indians lived ago gardens built early spanish settlers sante fe liked early spanish american buildings passed law buildings older part town look adobe buildings part santa fe remind city history governor virginia plans capital colony capital city called williamsburg built wide streets beautiful houses buildings governor home finest colony williamsburg busy place capital moved richmond williamsburg sleep
thousand ago explorers landed america shores deep forests grew looked birds animals filled skies forest floor forests cleared needed wood build houses buildings cut trees early settlers killed animals food farmers soon learned hillside soil farming rain washed rich soil farmers let cattle eat grass animals fed grasses soon soil bare land farming grazing country forest areas badly treated ago boy scouts picked pounds trash forest path face land changed sides roads covered trash dropped careless trees animals destroyed learn care left america beautiful dark cold floor atlantic ocean black cables stretch united states europe cable looks thick garden hose inside cables wires carrying messages speed words minute wish send message england twenty cents word telegraph wires land crossed ocean
young knew hums home noodleheads pumpkin tied leg asked wrestler pumpkin tied leg leave goes home hums home young thought fun play trick stupid noodlehead guest awhile thank wrestler young home ate dinner bed soon wrestler asleep young took pumpkin wrestler leg tied early morning wrestler awoke pumpkin find friend saw young asleep pumpkin tied leg wrestler rubbed head felt head bed wise buy pumpkin asleep thought awake wrestler owns house sat rock city place live decided
lydia francis child put writing thoughts slavery book title appeal favor class americans called africans child knew taking chance didn expect angry response received friends didn approve stopped talking begun publish juvenile miscellany magazine children stop publication stopped buying magazine protest unexpected things happened turned started thinking words decided free slaves reading words famous writers wrote bravery speaking lydia francis child continued write publish antislavery journals editor antislavery journal york called standard journal influenced thinkers times black began publish writings black newspapers began writers took advantage printed word put points view journals loudly demanded fairness black citizens today black newspapers help black americans practical ways los sentinel published ruth washington leader black community area real estate classified ads ruth washington took business didn publishing knows important newspaper community today hundreds journals business general news published united states
humans raised crops source food products insects damaged locusts ate millions dollars worth crops mississippi valley today united states cotton boll weevil damages million dollars worth crops additional millions lost appetites plant eating insects corn borers gypsy moths potato beetles japanese beetles modern times powerful insecticides attempt destroy insects damage crops trees kinds insecticides carefully worked insecticides caused unexpected problems large area insecticide japanese beetles eat kind flower leaf shortly afterward number corn borers doubled intended insecticide killed japanese beetles killed insect enemies corn borer case insecticide louisiana kill troublesome fire ant insecticide kill fire ants kill small animals killed insect enemies sugarcane borer destructive pest fire ant result number sugarcane borers increased severely damaged sugarcane crop sure insect pest traded insecticide scientists perform careful experiments wide research
hire twenty albert einstein professor physics took job clerk swiss patent office spare concentrated scientific theories einstein theories published theory dealt matter energy theory contained formula looked simple means energy amount matter equals mass matter amount material matter multiplied speed light squared short formula einstein developed extremely complex mathematics einstein theory matter energy published scientists believed matter energy things energy power ability system matter actually weigh einstein short formula states matter energy forms thing matter change energy energy matter einstein showed scientists calculate amount energy known amount matter pound matter einstein energy send ocean liner atlantic einstein theory opened questions energy matter unlocked energy scientists find unlock energy uranium atom young einstein clerked swiss patent office expected formula put atomic bombs exploded japan
turbidity currents angry muddy rivers flow surface sea recently scientists sure currents existed underwater earthquake south newfoundland helped scientists learn turbidity currents earthquake centered continental slope slope marks edge gently sloping continental shelf steep drop bottom sea quake occurred area crossed transatlantic telegraph cables lying ocean floor quake nearest cables stopped transmitting messages cables broken earthquake hours later cables lay south stopped transmitting messages knew broke cables similar distance north affected detectives trying solve mysterious crime scientists studied clues eventually convinced earthquake created turbidity current flowed miles continental slope break southern cables earthquake stirred mud continental slope creating huge mass muddy water heavier water responding gravity muddy water flowed steep slope moved turbidity current picked speed sediment scientists knew times cables stopped transmitting able estimate fast current flowed current broken cable thirteen hours earthquake
early fascinated curious substance sap tropical american trees substance pure rubber balls children play erasers rubbing pencil marks pure rubber boots waterproof cloth raincoats articles hardened melted changeable climate north america pure rubber melts heated turns hard brittle chilled rubber purposes changed tougher resistant extremes temperature young hardware merchant connecticut persons interested stretchy bouncy substance charles goodyear convinced pure rubber possibilities neglected business experiment business failed jailed debt sold children schoolbooks money carry experiments goodyear succeeded experimenting rubber failed tried mixing pure rubber sulfur accidently dropped mixture hot stove surprise rubber melt hot cooled stretchy nailed door frame left overnight frost hard brittle goodyear named process heating rubber sulfur vulcanization vulcan roman god fire vulcanized rubber bicycle tires pulley belts rubber parts machinery
humans live natural environment plants animals difference humans changed environment suit needs past centuries cut forests plowed prairies dammed rivers dug courses hunted kinds animals extinction increased number kinds beginning industrial age humans changed environment rapidly cities factories vehicles produced millions tons poisonous wastes wastes carelessly released streams lakes air streams lakes raw sewage cities poisonous chemicals factories air smoke factory fumes poisonous gases auto truck exhausts millions fish birds land animals plants killed air water pollution air pollution contributes cancer heart disease respiratory diseases humans nation needed laws requiring cities factories purify waste products dumping streams lakes industry needed ways purify gases released vehicle exhausts factories congress voted billion dollars help american cities build sewage disposal plants million voted research ways industrial water disposal states required set plans reduce water pollution law required autos devices reduced exhaust fumes
american elm tree gracefully arching branches common sight eastern half united states elm logs imported netherlands logs contained beetles deadly fungus beetles spread fungi living american elm trees american elms dead dying future kind elm replace dying trees elm beautiful american elm resistant dutch elm disease past attempts crossbreed american elm kinds elms disease resistant failed scientists failed today think american elm pollen cells chromosomes pollen cells elms chromosome numbers differ plants crossbred scientists discovered chemical called colchicine double chromosomes plant cells research centers pollen cells seedling siberian elms treated colchicine trees developing number chromosomes american elm siberian elms mature crossbred american elms hoped result kind elm tree look american elm siberian elm resistance dutch elm disease colchicine plant breeders crossbred wheat rye
mediterranean sea pair lakes lakes east italy boot shaped peninsula west ice age ended continental glaciers melted level oceans rose water atlantic flowed lakes square miles fertile land bordering lakes disappeared underwater building dam strait gibralter lowering level mediterranean win land someday strait gibralter closed evaporation surface mediterranean lower water level inches land edge mediterranean land provide croplands additional living space crowded populations future countries border mediterranean gain square miles fertile land maps europe asia africa look mediterranean sea lake project likely undertaken future damming strait gibralter enormously difficult dam miles tall extremely strong withstand immense pressure sea dam passed ship canal locks smaller dam needed dardanelles east greece order seal black sea mediterranean turning mediterranean sea shrinking lake require close cooperation nations losing fine harbors body water
art explosion ahead working shorter hours taking longer vacations retiring earlier age money activities directly connected making living circumstances interest art kind art future bring questions answered certainty art product future bring appreciation art past age mass production synthetic materials place higher handicrafts things created hand natural materials want pictures suggest fashioned kind beauty rare future art today disappear art forms exciting full motion want look flat picture sculpture stands tomorrow artists substances ways unusual materials likely combined elements thought separate light patterns combine sound color form combine motion elements reach surround viewers won look art experience kind beauty tomorrow artists create
ago mississippi river western edge united states mississippi wilderness country pacific ocean wild indians wild animals high mountains want country anyway sort hunters wanted hunt wild animals missionaries wanted indians christians inquisitive wanted wilderness reported gold found california cried fire fire thousands dropped tools stopped farming shut shops loaded beds cooking things wagons put cover wagon live tent took gun rushed west hunt gold roads bridges signboards tell wilderness months months traveled died sickness killed indians drowned crossing rivers lost died starvation thirst reached california fortunes west called forty roads railroads country cities built wilderness
iliad tells part story war greeks inhabitants troy paris sons king priam troy run helen beautiful wife menelaus greek king troy asia minor king menelaus called warriors greece join trying helen greek warriors besieged troy battles fought plain city spite greeks unable force guarded walls tenth war decided try trick built huge wooden horse left plain city sailed joy trojans saw greek ships gates city thrown wide open streamed broad plain astonishment discovered enormous horse mean feared wooden horse reminder victory trojans pulled city greeks pretended home ships hidden island trojan coast hollow horse number soldiers late night trojans slept greek soldiers quietly horse signaled greek ships
settled california wanted mail east reach quickly days railroads stagecoach slow important letters messages company formed riders horseback st joseph missouri river pacific coast riders covered distance halfway continent twelve days famous pony express riders knew plains scouts served army fights indians needed courage rode armed horses finest bought run part route top speed ten fifteen miles stations fresh horses half hour express due station keeper fresh horse ready saddled moment rider arrived jumped horse threw saddlebags fresh horse mounted flash minutes allowed change riding hundred miles rider stop rest giving mail rider fresh horse rider ride hundred miles covered carrying letters opposite direction letters written thinnest paper weigh
halloween father set adventures actor mother strategy raising cabbages local specialty custom lads town farms cabbages part celebration hitched drove cabbage fields pulling cabbages roots piling buggies town thing leave horse standing road hurl cabbage full closed door house leap quickly buggy strike horse whip drive triumphantly lad likely return pursued mother strategy play night sit quietly house darkness sooner settled lads appeared worth throwing cabbages house pursued scolded threats hurled don dare house town marshal hands give drubbing actor mother evening game town boys pilgrimages cabbage fields ammunition join siege mother stormed scolded ran darkness waving broom returned sally brought house cabbage thrown find late evening tormentors children rest crop hundred cabbages
early country history private companies formed build toll roads earn profit charging foot traveler horseman loaded wagon word toll originally meant count later meant tax cattle sheep counted pay large small tax according count pay road private companies careful roads travel faster safer private companies taught country lesson road building scraping topsoil laying foundation rocks covering broken stone gravel intervals miles road gates toll collector called keeper gate heavy post set side bar armed spikes attached iron hinge bar called pike spear keeper turned road close traveler paid toll turnpike presently shortened pike familiar expression pike reminds invention hundred ago villages grew turnpikes lived villages pay toll miles trading market town
sights canada tourists bog correctly informed naturalist bog lover think swamp marsh honest goodness peat bog sphagnum moss soaking water orchids plants eat insects lot water water shoeful squirting squishing step reason going bog feet wet mer bleue ten miles east ottawa miles covers twelve half square miles sort relic ice ages represents filling glacial lake trees plants fall flora flourishes sinks building mat stuff peat younger cousin coal tramp bog twenty forty feet wet semisolid lake difference bog swamp marsh bog acid thanks decaying vegetation litmus paper find scientific informant spoofing group bog enthusiasts included federation ontario naturalists wade mer bleue sake pleasure science sport finding unusual orchids red bright watching insect caught sticky hairy clutches pitcher plant dainty sundew
small plane looks mosquito feet barely hear insectlike buzz makes lazy circle bright blue sky beautiful wind blowing gently miles hour judging half filled wind sock pole hangar soft white clouds drifting shadows creeping low brush covered hills surround private airfield standing perfect parachute jumping strain eyes plane sight moment tiny black speck separate plane speck larger period end sentence watching sort thing happen speck hover plane flies marked blue page sky point sharp pencil suddenly grow larger begin shape squint eyes trying focus tiny dot plane flown line vision help locate speck don blink fear lose ten seconds passed longer actually
thought motion working test pilot douglas skyrocket moves directions pulls control wheel need thousand feet air beneath case abandon million dollar test airplane bail parachute sharp nosed craft spears upward airman pulls fire extinguisher handle kills rocket motor shuts fuel supply switches deaden electric currents things moments terror steep climb banks plane sharply wing flicks switch radios field fire coming bother looking ambulance crash wagon going meet matter fact drivers touched starters skyrocket comes swooping packed sand age desert dry lake ground beneath rushes past giant gray blanket test pilot knows feel blanket makes error judging landing heavily loaded dead weight fuel speed safe landing touches benefit power skyrocket clocking miles hour dangerous speed dead stick airplane landing
rocketship twelve hours earth drifting swiftly black sky coasting closer closer moon cabin clock counts hours slip hours hours hours ship moving slowly earth gravity clutching days powerful booster engines stopped firing fell slowed end ship speed dropped whizzing miles hour miles hour journey grasp earth gravity getting weaker ship moved farther earth nearer moon minute minute mile mile moon pull grown stronger ship middle tug war earth moon end game tie earth moon tugging equal strength rocketship miles earth miles moon slowly moon begins win earth grip ship loosens gradually moon gravity takes ship gains speed begins fall moon crew scatters action cabin filled busy duty getting ready landing ship plunging closer moon picking speed
middle nineteenth century going west railroads built west mississippi river congress asked government survey find railroad route missouri river continent pacific coast california later brilliant young engineer decided transcontinental railroad going build theodore dehone judah theodore judah twenty arrived california early tall wore thick black beard look older dreamer look eyes strode muddy streets sacramento children ran shouting crazy judah judah california judah booming gold discovered pouring tiny san francisco sacramento grown thriving cities overnight shopkeepers making fortunes selling dry goods food hardware gold hunters transportation problem california gold rush days goods winding footpaths rutted wagon trails railroads needed wider carefully graded wagon roads judah picture group sacramento businessmen hired judah jobs survey railroad california run twenty miles sacramento folsom
spring pace railroads quickened surveyors roads worked ahead crews staking routes east west graders bridge building gangs road level built wooden bridges rivers gullies track laying teams horse mule teams pulled open supply trucks holding ties rails spikes end track stopped animals unhitched quickly ties dropped roadbed foreman shouted rails laid ties gauged sure exactly feet half inches spiked small horse pulled supply truck ahead truck empty tipped sideways tracks truck ties rails spikes whipped forward place hurry word heard railroad crews crocker making steady mile crossed california line moved nevada messages union pacific general dodge laid miles single crocker stepped put record miles union pacific raised half union pacific construction boss lay miles track single challenged crocker
africa drum language african chief wanted invite chief family warriors dinner invitation drummed village village ancient peru colored cords knotted tell ruler inca crops taxes greeks trained special runners race distances word victory defeat pheidippides ran hundred fifty miles days message athenians spartans lands lighted signal fires hilltops signal royal wedding news war birth prince princess thing call mail special messenger kings special messengers carried letters kings important special messengers fine lady lived country wanted grand city gentleman tea send note special messenger hurry city wait bring reply churchmen wrote churchmen countries merchants bankers bought sold things goods sale shipment coming craftsmen belonged guilds unions needed exchange news ways making things churchmen merchants guilds began special messengers private companies messengers grew carry letters pay
heard annual pony swim ago ship carrying horses wrecked oversized sand dune called assateague located offshore chincoteague merely let horses rate apparently stunted growth harsh surroundings supposed midway size shetland pony small horse chunky ponies formed wiry tough round ponies assateague island swim channel chincoteague heard left dog neighbors headed south home vermont chincoteague proved combine gaiety coney island charm cape cod drove main street past camera shops drugstores gift shops whacking vacation business girls shorts mingled fishermen rubber boots traffic crawled low gear saw chincoteague ponies nearly big chichi half morgan mare vermont carried children parents street penned front yard corrals occasion sale genuine chincoteague ponies alison read excitedly daddy couldn buy shipped home answer roger cut top voice
father lived ten room house town brailsford junction southern wisconsin mother dead older sisters theo jessica living big brother herschel american army france fighting germans war father kind let build canoe living room number pets wander free wind meadows hills knew object rascal eat table attic carried family high chair baby breakfast morning put shallow earthenware bowl warm milk tray high chair rascal stood chair placing hands edge tray reach milk easily chirred trilled satisfaction drank milk scarcely dribbling drop fact table manners children father smiled fondly breakfast companion delighted rascal behavior offered raccoon lump sugar rascal took hands began washing milk washed minnow moment course melted entirely imagine surprised raccoon
picnic basket filled sandwiches bottles cold root beer pop father rascal clamber happily front seat big passenger oldsmobile top windshield wore goggles rascal natural course liked perch seat gazing joyfully ahead father shifted low high speeding river road lake koshkonong hunted indian arrowheads explored cave limestone taylor point swam cold water rascal months excellent swimmer dog paddling grew tired considered natural protector deep water climb shoulder head rest float arch chest water give resting place soon caught breath dive paddle bravely waves explored coves grassy points sandy shore rascal told turtle eggs trip lake keen nostrils told sand delightful form food tasted dug furiously bring eggs nearly large golf balls
let advantage beautiful weather afternoon penny don walk home penny charles began walk river edge warm sun stopped front abandoned railroad station station charles waste heard faint sound inside station house startled looked imaginations playing tricks penny nervously scratch scratch scuffle scuffle sounds obvious charles shuddered penny going look charles bravely walked window dirty inside moment beckoned penny window let charles penny pushed open creaky door stepped inside amazed classmates busily working turning station house beautiful room broken wood floors sanded polished walls filthy brown bright red green big signs walls welcome penny charles friends called surprise discovered secret fixing abandoned station house special gift town project clean city week
popular expression blind bat bats blind eyes humans dark bats fly night dark guided sense sight scientist named spallanzani conducted experiments bats blindfolded bats watched closely bats able fly easily night showed spallanzani bats sight guide night spallanzani plugged ears bats bats fly experiments spallanzani learned hearing affects bats ability fly night able learn twentieth century american named donald griffin tried experiment similar spallanzani plugged ears bats spallanzani plugged mouths bats cases bats unable fly night proved griffin hearing making sounds affected bats flying ability griffin recordings bats flight listening recordings griffin learned bats send high pitched squeaks echo echoes guide bats dark telling objects want learn bats recently scientists loaded movie cameras infra red film infra red film allowed cameras capture pictures dark early evening cameras set cave bats
insect able grow hard shell skin stretch human skin insect grows larger skin inside skin skin ready insect swallows air puffs forces tight skin split middle insect wriggles skin skin unfolds smooth german scientist dr karl von fritsch wanted bees colors bees experiment left dish sugar syrup table laboratory waited bees learned syrup covered table squares colored paper dish square dishes squares color filled sugar syrup dishes squares filled water bees soon learned ignore water dishes straight colored squares held dishes sugar syrup von fritsch bees able colors experiment dr von fritsch put empty dishes colored squares bees guided scent flew colored squares held syrup finally dr von fritsch covered table black gray white squares leaving colored
vic conn turned wheels jeff give caddy asked jeff give times vic jeff say wheels cut want car asked vic wheels give tops surprised look wheels eyes going thought lot money wheels want talk friend jeff wheels jeff walked lot money cadillac jeff let sell odd going jeff wheels car selling let sell wheels jeff walked standing red cadillac vic friend eyeing say vic asked want cadillac vic wheels asked caddy wants taxi vic friend going open taxi stand going sell wheels car race clinton road rally sell race
john clinton rally speed race open road race car drive drive car place place town town speed car tell driver turn speed slow race starts tell speed give paper tells find check point check point put give paper tell check point put leave lose points rally drive fast slow check point road checking speed hiding rally end asked room drivers room laughed road rally runs rally knows end knows john laughed tell rally run miles hours
started walk car talking riddles wheels hope working cut jeff look car front seats red cadillac ground standing seats looking car say wheels asked didn turning passing saw seats ground don jeff started listen angry voice think wait jeff wheels easy don maybe passing don find cars starting jeff heard cars line starting minutes turn seats cadillac jeff looked eye think face turned walked working fast jeff wheels put front seat cadillac car started headed drive wheels
think jeff rubies cadillac key missing jewels asked wheels surprise saying riddle head jeff rubies bright bright light stop left don answer wheels jeff let line line line says rubies bright looks bright riddler lots things wheels front end car bright end end jeff thinking look end car listen line riddle bright light lights bright wheels don line jeff cut says stop red light says says stop wheels called think jeff rubies lights lights red red jeff listen line left jeff wheels answer let light left side wheels walked cadillac tried pull left light hands light
call american indians written languages spoken languages indians written languages write books indian peoples left written stories lived spite indian learned early indian ruins cities villages tools weapons found ruins tell indians lived indian differed group group indians mexico arizona lived houses stone bricks dried mud dried mud called adobe adobe houses built high cliffs formed towns called pueblos indians living towns called pueblo indians lived hunting farming pueblo indians hunted animals spears stone tips farming corn main crop pueblo indians early indians plains middle united states farmers lived permanent villages grew crops maize beans squash vegetables hunted bison buffalo animal gave meat indians buffalo skins clothing tents buffalo bones tools hunting buffalo easy early plains indians hunted foot spears clubs able scare buffalo running cliff
christopher columbus born genoa genoa north italy busy port city ships harbor sailors map makers sailmakers shipbuilders merchants lived place young learn sea young genoa columbus sailor spent portugal shipwreck portugal learned maps navigation columbus ship captain wanted dreamed fame riches columbus hoped win fame riches finding sea route asia lands china cipango japan indies islands indonesia asia silks spices fine steel bought lands person fortune selling goods markets europe european merchants traded asian lands merchants asia overland routes caravans travel thousands miles bring small amount goods sea route asia change small ship bring tons asian goods markets europe columbus set find sea route plan columbus fairly simple sea captains knew round knew sailed west reach shores asia belief japan miles kilometers west europe
age discovery europe hundreds sea captains explorers set reach lands europeans sail flag country wanted fame chance riches sea captains explorers hired country christopher columbus born italy reached america sailing spanish flag explorers worked sailed france portugal holland england countries spain located continent europe continent call named known europe explorers reached america found continents lands unknown lands called continents north america south america countries countries ruled kings queens smaller areas ruled princes princesses dukes nobles countries touch indian lived tribal groups hundreds indian peoples main indian empires empires aztecs mayas incas empires touch countries fought wars
jamestown women arrived fleet carried women virginia women alive leave settlers arrived england virginia colony grew rapidly early women settlers virginia indentured servants costs voyage england paid wanted workers wives indentured servants worked masters agreed number free english colonies founded grew women arrived begin lives america america hard dangerous felt young able survive women colonies young days fairly common young women marry age husbands large families infants children died early age conditions harsh death women childbirth unusual colonial women worked hard labored fields helped hunt food women helped build homes furniture cloth sewed clothing quilts addition cooked cleaned raised children women worked midwives helping deliver babies important job doctors colonies colonial women ran businesses schools farms
french settlers france missionaries fur trappers traders fished living farmers arrived built farms saint lawrence river important business france fur trapping trading business drew france result french france fact french canada million english colonies america french canada search gold silver found gold silver discover money fur trappers traders caught beaver bought beaver furs indians furs france willing pay high prices fur trappers young paddled canoes deep canadian wilderness hunted traded indians winter spring took beaver furs montreal canoe traders montreal bought furs france fur traders missionaries wilderness bring catholic religion indians missionaries lived indians sharing homes food missionary filled danger missionaries killed indians
english middle colonies york jersey pennsylvania delaware york largest middle colonies colony settled holland dutch built colony area hudson river flows atlantic ocean called amsterdam dutch settlers named amsterdam capital holland english seized amsterdam dutch colony changed york honor duke york brother english king york important trading center port excellent harbor located atlantic ocean furs goods shipped hudson river york goods loaded ships sailing europe rich dutch families owned large areas land hudson river owned parts york city dutch stayed york english seized today places york dutch names settlers set farms western york area wilderness york frontier dangerous settlers fought fierce battles iroquois indians iroquois angered settlers moved took ancient hunting lands york frontier subject books written james fenimore cooper lived western york
colonial based family young farms helped parents planted crops fed chickens milked cows things needed repaired family members education important colonial days usual girls school girls trained home homes learn skills important learn sew cheese knit clean learned medicine plants girls taught soap candles families expected children able read bible boys age grammar schools stayed schools studied grammar literature arithmetic students studied latin greek boy school college colleges expensive young managed earn money college young women chance study home young college worked farms apprentices apprentice learned trade working master craftsworker young apprentices age train carpenter shoemaker blacksmith learn trade lived master house master craftsworker taught apprentice
britain controlled colonies tightly policy changed britain needed money pay wars money british heavy taxes colonies britain stricter collecting taxes british parliament passed taxes tax raised price sugar parliament taxed goods passed stamp act tax stamp put documents included legal papers newspapers colonists rose stamp act formed groups fight tax colonial stamp act congress met york asked king george iii end hated stamp act strong protests stamp act repealed stamp act victory end tax problem britain put taxes tea glass paper paint goods brought britain sold colonies women joined protest groups called daughters liberty joined sons liberty british system taxation representation british troops enforce laws help collect taxes soldiers boston fired protesting colonists killed called boston massacre killed crispus attucks black sailor slave protests colonists forced britain end taxes satisfy colonial protest leaders organized committees correspondence colonies
battles lexington concord war independence soon american minutemen won victory bunker hill boston american defeats times americans led george washington give american victories trenton princeton jersey greatly helped colonists americans won big victory entire british army surrendered saratoga york battle france ally americans french supplies money warships soldiers help colonists british trained soldiers hired germans called hessians trained soldiers britain powerful naval fleet british warships swept american ships seas john paul jones american captains won victories british ships colonists poorly trained weapons fighting land freedom helped foreign volunteers volunteers included lafayette france baron von german volunteers thaddeus kosciuszko casimir pulaski poland baron de germany pulaski de died battle slowly surely american army grew stronger general washington proved leader winter army suffered greatly valley forge pennsylvania food clothing soldiers barefoot snow spite washington held army
leave door called thing courthouse left message judge lewis wants school judge lewis district judge cotton junction fall term court october weeks want asked queenie don suggest business drop find yes sir queenie voice facial expression defiant hanley looked think help behave wish let queenie scowled don care don care turned walked expected call didn sorry don care things believed put hand hip walked hall whistling loud attract attention passed open classroom doors school directly town saw persimmon gibbs floyd speer standing front drugstore boys younger queenie seventh grade hung town persimmon mother father operated cafe post office floyd parents dry goods store
catherine corry wife sweeping yard front house brush broom queenie called howdy catherine afternoon queenie answer waved queenie continued trail stretch pine trees separated farms corrys peavys families lived thereabouts pine grove hillside trail partly washed shallow gully served wide path bright red clay matched pretty thought queenie wild flowers bloomed side silvery white rabbit tobacco blossoms yellow goldenrod purple spikes september glory queenie smiled thought called october glory gonna hang late pines peavys land grown weeds scrub bushes father house looked neglected queenie figured huff angry wolf splinter pieces thought frightened younger imagine escaping corrys brick house wolf flying chimney land boiling pot front steps peavy home fallen boards porch rotted
grace mother yes things real interesting discover hoped turn open mind queenie decided mother wanted friends promoting understanding mrs thaxton teacher hall duty week looked room finished eating students desks began filing past trash basket throw lunch wrappings queenie remained seat wadded sheet newspaper contained lunch threw head landed basket complimented heartily shot queenie girl pleasure aim mrs thaxton called doorway queenie thing want stay room outdoors asked queenie told mrs thaxton missed basket queenie say march front room put paper trash belongs tried imitate mrs thaxton classmates snickered
cravey returned school middle morning queenie saw auditorium study hall stop talk students gathered looking cast cost asked joe moore don cravey doctor gonna send bill queenie re crazy queenie usual seat rows leg daddy gonna mother pay bill need bothering ma queenie looking money cravey threatened pa send sheriff townsend queenie turned forced laugh pa cravey father reputation extremely tightfisted money uncooperative ways queenie started add insults thing hated ridiculing member family cravey daddy told dr palmer send bill house waldron auditorium stood end aisle say word students knew expected seats sat talked cut waldron study halls queenie tried english assignment thoughts going doctor bill cravey mentioned
jail queenie saw sheriff townsend side yard talking roy ellins deputy walked stood asked seen judge lewis sheriff townsend want wanted answered queenie starting walk wait minute sheriff don wanted queenie turned glared pa jail angrily pa miss spitfire sheriff explaining queenie silent seconds softly didn mean break cravey mason leg accident cravey mason leg sheriff reported hilltop baptist church scowl left queenie face appeared relaxed pass church town home ask want intend sheriff townsend break windows bell tower mean broke windows queenie sheriff wasn queenie wonder turned deputy ellins explained windows bitty high hit shot
doctor office queenie sat reception room waited hoped going patients arrived sitting treated mother inside queenie put woman home companion reading reached copy country gentleman reached pretended interested ladies magazine took flipped pages glancing entered room story called barriers moonlight caption proclaimed unforgettable love story didn recall read love story decided started knew wouldn paragraphs interested happen hurried read rich girl lived big city boy friend lived big city wasn rich trouble hard working intelligent ambitious handsome pleasant girl father wouldn consent getting married cut daughter penny vast wealth continued associate young
remembered planned night settle cooperate pleasant hard thought smiled thinking girl thought suddenly turn thing re sight pride county re gawky troublemaker headed reformatory thought occurred show school acting big change cooperate considerate dwelling fact joke wonder felt began sing listen mockingbird stopped abruptly aw happy resolutions night coming sense lining mind refusing debating behave stop mockingbird pretend sounding determined happy began sing stop arrived school
home queenie worried expected called hanley office told school wondering swamps corrys place high ground met father coming trail howdy pa didn early answered headed town queenie appears going opposite directions gave invite turn asked hurt jumped sawmill truck queenie smiled shucks pa thing wouldn hurt lifted elbow show scratches wasn bruised bit didn expect stop truck meant say felt let ridden appearing concerned quickly added scared let lesson peavy don ride don won pa promised started caught glimpse pistol handle pocket jacket
walking school morning queenie looked ground suddenly lifted head angrily don care don care convince meant gathered handful stones threw convenient targets fence post remains web left tent caterpillars tiny clump mistletoe tall scarlet oak hilltop baptist church single stone left looked bell tower saw window highest broken persimmon thought poor shot trying till knocked pane sense job remembered job thinking wrong start maybe evil decided thought worse wrong considered evil continued look unbroken pane bet ol persimmon tried tried hit smiling thought throwing rocks missing hit shot boasted drew arm fist clenching stone left stopped words lecture argued pa home
look roller skating today fast flashy smooth quiet thousands skating modern rinks skating outdoors roller skating sidewalk child play sport enjoyed thirty million americans skating easy learn roller skate special skills needed basic movements learned tries person balance skater advance pace top figure speed skaters practice hours days week winners believe effort worth travel meet friends roller skaters compete artistic skating speed skating roller hockey artistic skating includes figure dance pairs freestyle skating skaters compete age groups skaters enter skating contests skate fun found roller skating safe sport cost enjoyed round person young learn skate stay healthy roller skating exercises heart lungs firms muscles develops balance help lose weight doctors think jogging puts stress feet legs knees
skates help beginner started group private lessons rinks roller skating opposite walking walking person puts leg front body skating leg turn moves push skater forward goal smooth gentle stroking ankles stronger skater able glide foot ease basic starting position side skate heel skate skater form position left foot move forward skater push rear skate pushing foot brought skating foot position movement foot called basic stroking skater stroking forward properly body gently sway skater stand straight look ahead looking ahead skater weight center skates give proper balance bending waist throw skater balance skating hips knees slightly bent bad form twist shoulders swing arms wildly stop skater put skate position wheels act brake touch floor
change directions skating skaters turn called mohawk spread eagle glide forward skate place skate heel heel body turn shift weight skate moving backwards fancy turns spins spirals loops jumps learned skaters freestyle routines music try dance skating partner figure skaters learn trace path circles painted floor speed skaters practice cornering going fast straight aways start important speed skating roller skaters fall times safety measure prepared skaters rarely hurt learn fall roll keeping bodies relaxed quickly fall fallen skater hazard skaters skaters start half kneeling position put knee floor wheels skate flat floor put weight skate slowly straighten knee skater stands foot floor position skater try hanging skater wall edge rink skaters fall skaters fall
remembered wistfully things hill lawns thick carpets delicious grass fields heavy clover garden vegetables plentiful mother numerous offspring lived animals lived folks days children played tag evenings squealed delight mother skunks strung solemn indian file paraded lawn dog lady spaniel fat carried endless noisy arguments woodchucks known harm fact found lost fox cub nursed raised puppies let cub foxy uncle father couldn remember ago evil days fallen hill folks moved successors mean shiftless inconsiderate sumac bayberry poison ivy fields lawns crab grass weeds garden autumn leaving empty house desolate black windows shutters flapping winter storms passed tool house days bags seed chicken feed rewarded hungry field mice empty grain food searched cold hard winters
phewie skunk stood edge pine wood looking big house slight rustle red buck appeared evening sir luck phewie folks coming understand deer understand high matters especially roam lot things poorly hill fellows poorly yes roam phewie answered re mess garden sass hand buck admitted sniffed slightly say phewie wouldn mind moving bit leeward fine thanks lots saying fairly fond mess greens row lettuce say young cabbage young give indigestion course crave tomatoes tomatoes nice young ripe tomato interrupted phewie personally don care re planting folks rest course gardens looking forward garbidge low tastes phewie buck er breeze shifted mind fine thanks saying low taste answered phewie indignantly
mother worry refused distracted spring housecleaning fretted planning week goings folks running chance uncle analdas living danbury mildred married left getting burrow imagine counting asking summer spite food shortage folks coming dogs maybe traps snares spring guns maybe poison don don matter fact father think propitious uncle analdas visit reasons item point extremely lonely mildred departure change surroundings doubtless prove highly beneficial item food situation danbury understand acute folks turn planting reason expect situation respect edibles vastly improved short eat item uncle analdas oldest member family extant experience ways newcomers prove difficult anticipate consider eventuality advice counsel prove invaluable dealing problems arise
days saw doings hill fact going father fairly worn keeping eye things vegetable garden plowed harrowed raked generous garden double size relief fence flower beds cultivated fertilized lawns dug raked rolled ready reseeding north field plowed tim mcgrath riding roaring tractor whistled happily watched brown earth roll plowshare clean straight furrows door porkey home porkey father watched proceedings approvingly tractor ceased roaring momentarily louie kernstawk rebuilding stone wall called tim re going plant tim buckwheat replied buckwheat later turn plant clover timothy hear porkey nudged father gleefully buckwheat field buckwheat don haven heard mention bluegrass asked father hopefully porkey buckwheat fancy kentucky stummick reckon lady glad hear buckwheat cakes mighty fine jus think sighed ecstatically field buckwheat front yard say mention front yard reminds porkey father began talk seriously concerning dangers inherent present location
splendid father enabled ascertain character disposition neighbors learn canine feline hazards accompany georgie mention moving vans mother presence remember throckmorton georgie throckmorton mother favorite grandchildren moving van taking mother unreasoning terror news course spread wildfire evening burrow filled chatter speculation coming going callers father caution mention vans futile moment mother learned arrival folks imminent cried moving vans burst tears threw apron head wept demanding georgie confined burrow morrow danger past naow mollie don consoled uncle analdas sense bumpity twisty driveway full holes couldn dingblasted movin van speed danger box turtle don movin vans folks dogs cats don mother vowed stir burrow entire uncle analdas poked father ribs don worry chuckled rest lookin watchin
ways folks soon began measure high standards animals set nice group cronies gathered hillside gray fox cited incident heightened approval real knowledgeable folks quiet friendly yesterday afternoon late prospecting sort smelled chicken frying guess walled garden benches wasn paying attention wasn smoking pipe known thing knew front face face say reading book looked suppose sat looked stood looked hello reading book business sort folks folks grunted porkey nodding approvingly hear ruckus afternoon sir pokin field careless guess open early sudden biggest dog crossroads course wasn scared bad fix havin nothin rares dares git
suddenly father aware small crowd hastening hill hear willie fieldmouse excited voice squeaking cousins phewie bright black white distinguish porkey waddling bulk neared burrow willie broke rest galloping voice squealing excitement seen called wildly seen uncle analdas wake seen seen georgie bedlam broke loose hazel rushed doorway hands dripping dishwater young yelled louder fieldmice twittered frantically mother tottered chair uncle analdas fell backward hush blasted brats roared scrambling feet screamed questions phewie stamped ground front paws silence shouted plumy tail arched slightly says word silence fell phewie idle threats willie quietly story willie breathlessly window sill cover rain barrel wanted try stout window sill looked saw saw georgie lying lap lady lap haow bout dingblasted cat interrupted uncle analdas washing georgie face
mud drizzle father tramped hill seeking tidings georgie returning drenched mud spattered somber uncle analdas crouched fire smoking reeking pipe muttering wild gloomy forebodings natural eventually quarrel bitter words spoken mother wept copiously driving clouds uncle analdas wrathfully stamped burrow abode porkey ringleader rebellious element spent days adding fuel fires suspicion hate porkey admit slightly tetched ignorant animals eagerly swallowed fantastic suspicion worked violent suggested rules hill thrown waiting midsummer eve lay waste gardens lawns buckwheat field flower borders ruthlessly slaughter chick duckling hen rooster painfully stormy meeting required father eloquence red buck authority persuade animals abide ancient rules customs shift wind clearing weather helped soothing frayed nerves strained relations louie kernstawk working end garden lovely spot tiny circular lawn sheltered pine tree sloping rock garden
slow stately tread red buck began circuit garden doe fawn walked obediently animals fell line phewie gray fox side side waddling porkey uncle analdas mother father georgie arms necks pheasant wife mincing rocking chair walk feathers glimmering bronze gold moonlight fieldmouse tribe raccoon opossum chipmunks squirrels gray red alongside edge garden quivering humping earth showed progress mole stout brothers slowly solemnly procession circled garden returned lawn saint stood red buck snorted gave attention spoke eaten food voice rang impressively tasted salt drunk water tossed proud head direction garden forbidden ground chisel sharp hoof rapped earth dispute silence broken voice uncle analdas haow bout dingblasted cutworms called don laws decent regulations mole slower rest leaned elbows earth reared completed tunnel turned blind face sound
believe animals grow trees believed hundreds ago believed kind tree produced sheep thought sheep grew tree apples grow apple tree believe sheep ago ago strange ideas living things saw worms flies rotten meat believed worms flies grew meat thought mice straw thought frogs turtles rotting wood water ago believed living things nonliving things idea called spontaneous generation idea spontaneous generation scientists believe living things nonliving things believe spontaneous generation scientists francesco redi redi believe worms grew rotten meat test idea performed experiments redi test ideas spontaneous generation redi observed worms rotten meat found animals worms hatched eggs flies laid meat worms later grew flies kind young fly redi put screen meat flies young flies grew meat redi showed young flies meat
weigh born weigh explain bigger heavier cells cells reproduce cells produce cells living things grow cells reproduce cells cells produced called cell division cells living things produced cell division cells produced living things cell nucleus controls cell division fine threads found nucleus threads called chromosomes cell division chromosome splits middle forms pair twin chromosomes side side pairs chromosomes line center cell nuclear membrane disappears twin chromosomes pair separate move opposite ends cell division nucleus called mitosis animal cells cell begins pull finally splits cells controls cell division cell divides cells formed cells exactly alike cells called daughter cells daughter cell nucleus daughter cell half size parent cell daughter cells grow adult cells cell divides form daughter cells size daughter cell plant cells reproduce cell division mitosis chromosome splits pair
stamens main parts filament anther filament thin stem holds anther anther part produces pollen grains pollen grains male reproductive cells parts stamen sexual reproduction place pollen move stamen pistil movement pollen stamen pistil called pollination pollen moved wind insects birds carry pollen carried water pollination flowers stamens taller pistil pollen fall anthers land top pistil kind pollination called pollination pollination occurs pollen flower carried pistil flower plant pollination occurs flowers plant called pollination pollination pollen carried stamen flower plant pistil flower plant called cross pollination plants male flowers female flowers male flowers stamens pistil female flowers pistils stamens male female flowers plants plants cross pollination cross pollination occur plants flowers stamens pistils kind pollination occurs flowers plants
periodic table listing elements atomic number box table represents element symbol element atomic number found inside box period group element shown table elements listed periodic table symbols short writing names elements symbol element found center box element element symbol symbols letter letters letter capital letter small letter symbols elements found periodic table atomic number element found symbol element atomic number number protons nucleus atom element number number electrons nucleus atomic number element atomic weight found lower left corner box atomic weight weight atom element atomic weight measured atomic mass units equal total number protons neutrons nucleus atom subtracting atomic number atomic weight number neutrons atom atomic weight atom equal electron structure atom number electrons electron shell
identify appearance identify elements physical properties elements metals non metals metals silver gray color gold copper metals silver gray color metals solids room temperature mercury metal liquid room temperature metals malleable metals shatter hammered metals hammered flatten metals conductors heat electricity metals shiny luster reflect light physical properties metals physical properties metals non metals colors sulfur yellow chlorine green phosphorus red white hydrogen colorless non metals solids liquids gases room temperature sulfur iodine solids bromine liquid nitrogen oxygen gases solid non metals brittle shatter hammered non metals poor conductors heat electricity non metals dull luster shine light physical properties non metals atoms metals electrons outer electron shell metals lend electrons chemical reactions metals lend electrons positive ions atom lost electrons positive ion electrons metals outer electron shell atoms non metals electrons outer shell
complete outer shell electrons atoms complete outer shells borrowing lending electrons metals electrons outer shell getting rid electrons rid outer shell shell complete outer shell non metals electrons outer shell complete outer shell adding electrons electrons complete outer shell metallic atoms lend electrons non metallic atoms chemical reactions sodium lends electron chlorine form sodium chloride sodium atom lends electron positive ion chlorine atom negative ion atoms lost gained electrons ions metals form positive ions non metals form negative ions atom ion elements group electron outer shell atoms elements lend electron elements group electrons outer shell lend electrons elements group electrons outer shell borrow electrons elements group electrons outer shell borrow electron elements group borrow lend number electrons electrons elements group outer shell number electrons atom lend borrow called valence
water seeps ground called ground water ground water dissolves small amounts minerals moves rocks soil dissolved minerals salts calcium magnesium water salts dissolved calcium magnesium ions water dissolved salts calcium magnesium called hard water ground water put liquid soap test tube distilled water shake test tube soap forms suds dissolve small amount calcium chloride magnesium chloride test tube distilled water pour drops soap test tube shake soap form suds ions water combined soap prevents soap forming suds water test tube hard water hard water calcium magnesium salts hard soap form suds hard water soap suds form wash clothes hard water large amount soap soap wasted hard water dissolve calcium bicarbonate beaker water heat water boiling white precipitate forms precipitate forms beaker calcium carbonate heat changed calcium bicarbonate calcium carbonate water carbon dioxide carbon dioxide escapes air carbonate left carbonate precipitates form inside hot water pipes hard water running
sounds quiet room hear sound watch ticking hear wind blowing sounds hear sounds bodies sound hear quiet room sounds caused objects moving quickly rapid motion called vibration touch fingers throat hum feel throat vibrate vibrations seen stretch rubber band pluck rubber band vibrates listen sound things sounds vibrate strike tuning fork vibrate listen sound makes strike tuning fork put end tuning fork glass full water water splashes glass shows tuning fork vibrating sounds vibrating objects sounds strum guitar strings vibrate sounds slap desk ruler desk ruler vibrate sounds tear piece paper vibrating paper makes sound tear sound object vibrating makes sounds guitar sounds caused vibrating objects sound vibrating object sounds phonograph records look record magnifying glass notice wavy grooves record
sound waves motion moving compressions expansions sound waves move medium sound waves move medium let find put electric bell large jar shown start bell ringing pump air jar air leaves jar sound bell softer soon heard air medium sound waves air sound waves medium travel sound waves travel medium let air jar sound bell heard sound medium travel happens sound waves medium air jar vacuum formed matter vacuum vacuum empty space empty space compress expand compressions expansions sound waves sounds travel vacuum big explosion moon hear empty space earth moon sound explosion travel empty space sounds travel medium air gases sounds travel air sounds travel liquid water liquid animals live sea sounds
let look earth find surroundings differences surface earth fourths earth surface water oceans lakes rivers creeks parts earth covered ice land areas form mountains hills plateaus valleys plains bottoms oceans flat mountains deep valleys plains water find dry land island ocean actually top submerged mountains earth surface ocean air miles deep ocean air atmosphere surrounds earth part land water surface important thing surface earth changing earth surface big slowly scientists measure scientists found southeastern england places land slowly sinking worry land sinks inches hundred land parts slowly rising
knows idea force moving water small water driven wheels developed grind corn flour fast flowing streams later water mills crush metal ores kinds days scientists discovered ways put force moving water force caused gravity moving air wind force moving air push boat sail water led invention windmill records show windmills central asia ago windmills europe ago grind flour pump water gravity moving air moving water powerful forces steam learned water heated gas called steam steam known ago greek hero developed engine driven steam practical later english coal mines flooding horsepowered pumps pump water fast job ordinary sources power scientists experimented steam invented engine force steam pumps run
plants animals early food clothing found lived learn plants eaten discover plants harmful animals provided meat food bones tools skins clothing animals harmful early spend looking plants hunting animals food supply place move find eat happened kill living things large area starved eventually learned raise kinds plants animals provided reliable supply food clothing seeds plants saved grow crops animals tamed herds flocks meat days hunting growing raising food supplies moving settle place began experiment develop plants animals wild horses animals call ponies small wild horses developed beautiful powerful horses haul loads wild plums bigger marbles scientists learned develop grow large juicy plums discoveries solve problems
placing plants correct distance put seeds depth seeds planted deep young plants reach surface seeds planted close surface roots young plants grow seeds water surface loose soil dries quickly sunny days weeds compete garden plants minerals water garden plants need weed seeds sprout sooner seeds plant happens garden plants hard getting started crowded altogether rapidly growing weeds solve problem pull weeds soon early weeds grow larger roots grow larger uprooting large weeds results uprooting garden plants think thousands enemies garden plants wonder plants survive insects chew leaves burrow fruit suck juices stems roots scientists study insects find damage plants search chemical kill insects damaging plants kinds chemicals control plant pests materials handled care harmful kinds fungi live parasites green plants
wheels things invented wheels kinds machines wheels automobiles buses trains airplanes wheels windmills water wheels steam engines electric motors supply energy help lift drag shove force muscles muscles animals kind simple machine wheel learned pulley top pole helps raise flag school pulley wheel held turn easily rope chain goes wheel groove rim wheel rope chain slipping pulleys wood metal hard material easily pulley put large nail hole spool hold ends nail fingers loop cord spool pull ends cord type pulley called fixed pulley fastened fixed stays place weight cord move experiment learn fixed pulley helps pulley experiment found easily lift weight head took force pulley easier
study problem bring bicycle egg beater class discover observing force applied happens machines alike learning wheel axle machines discovered wheel turn wheel put tight band belt wheels wheel turned belt moves turns wheel chain bicycle belt discover observed bicycle push pedals feet pedals attached cranks fastened axle axle turns bigger wheel wheel moves chain chain makes wheel turn wheel makes rear wheel bicycle notice wheels connected chain notches points crosspieces chain fit notches points fit open places chain wheel notches points called gearwheel gear heard gearwheels bicycle called sprocket wheels sprockets points gearwheel called teeth teeth notches gearwheel help prevent slipping worked wheel axle machines found belt chain wheel turn
things help understand light electric current seen current wires hot hot glow glows light ago famous american inventor thomas edison began wonder electric lamp thing find material give bright light heated material hard find carry electric current hot melting burning edison tried hundreds materials things thread carbon wanted carried electric current hot melting burning put inside glass bulb pumped air carbon thread hot carbon gave light heat soon carbon fall pieces scientists find material wanted material longer give light worn electric light bulb break look inside wrap bulb cloth paper break glass cutting
materials light travel called opaque materials opaque material object object opaque material cuts light reflected object light travel opaque materials object opaque material casts shadow shadow shaped object materials reflect absorb light strikes clearly translucent materials let light rays pass scatter electric light bulbs translucent glass thin paper thin cloth translucent small amount light strikes translucent material absorbed light scattered directions passes objects look fuzzy distorted seen translucent materials surfaces reflect light objects luminous things light luminous source strikes bounces light rays bounce direction rays reflected behavior light rays ago scientists discovered tell path light rays reflected discover doubt looked mirror times
experiment show lens moving picture machine makes large picture screen focus lens reading glass clear image candle flame piece paper image larger smaller candle flame move candle closer lens image longer clear say focus move paper lens image focus image larger smaller move candle closer lens happens find move candle closer lens move paper farther lens lens machine show slides look lens shape lens reading glass suppose slides side screen slide put machine upside appears side screen lens refracts light lens reading glass refracts light camera lens light object photographed goes lens lens refracts light comes focus film lens pictures cameras focus lenses moving lens backward forward
foods eat changed body digestion large pieces food broken smaller pieces large food molecules changed smaller molecules place mouth digestion food begins mouth happens foods eat teeth cut crush foods food crushed teeth large pieces food changed smaller pieces tongue moves food pushes teeth breaking food teeth tongue called mechanical digestion mechanical digestion saliva liquid found mouth mixes foods soft saliva chemical called enzyme enzymes help digest foods break large food molecules smaller molecules enzymes body enzyme found saliva helps digest starch starch sugar enzymes pour equal amounts water test tubes add cube sugar test tubes crush cube sugar add crushed sugar tube shake tubes sugar dissolves notice takes happen test tube crushed sugar dissolves faster cube sugar teeth crush food mouth helps speed digestion teeth help digestion place cracker mouth
gastric juice mixes food stomach enzymes gastric juice help break foods pepsin enzyme gastric juice pepsin begins change large protein molecules smaller protein molecules hydrochloric acid helps pepsin job rennin enzyme helps break milk protein called casein enzyme lipase begins digestion fat stomach enzymes gastric juice scientists learned pepsin hydrochloric acid digest proteins white egg protein place small piece hard boiled egg white test tubes label tubes tube add water cover egg white put dilute hydrochloric acid tube add mixture pepsin water test tube add hydrochloric acid pepsin tube plug test tubes cotton store tubes warm place hours examine test tubes egg white tubes changed egg white tube digested egg white tube digested tube contained hydrochloric acid pepsin hydrochloric acid pepsin needed rapid digestion proteins needed rapid digestion proteins chemical digestion proteins begins stomach digestion fats begins stomach foods physically changed stomach
foods changed body foods broken enzymes break foods change foods simpler substances enzymes help food soluble enzymes found food tube food soluble food tube enzymes foods scientists models help understand things model drawing help understand food tube model food tube shown coiled tube body shown straight tube food moves food tube food inside body food food tube body food sides food tube body scientists models things walls small intestine smooth millions tiny finger villi stick walls food moves small intestine soluble materials food pass thin walls villi villi capillaries lacteals proteins sugar pass capillaries fat molecules pass lacteals food materials pass villi enter bloodstream food body food materials enter bloodstream food enters bloodstream body carbohydrates produce heat energy muscle energy proteins build repair body cells fats stored supply energy needed
left fuel coal burned furnace ashes form ashes ashes waste materials waste materials removed body furnace foods eat fuels burning fuels body produces waste materials burning fuels body produce foods join oxygen body cells heat kinds energy produced energy needed body carry activities foods produce energy waste materials formed carbon dioxide water waste materials cells formed foods cells waste materials formed foods cells learned air exhale carbon dioxide water vapor waste materials form cells body wastes move cell membranes enter blood carried lungs lungs carbon dioxide water molecules move capillary walls enter alveoli exhale waste materials leave body waste materials exhale parts foods eat digested pass villi happens parts foods digested undigested foods form solid wastes wastes move small intestine enter large intestine
listen rock dance soul music dig jazz answering questions hard hear sight sound examples ways receiving messages respond messages fact living things respond messages sight sound examples environment noisy quiet dark light warm cool sound light temperature examples stimuli stimuli messages special organs receive stimuli environment sense organs sense organ special job receives kinds messages sense organs help respond changing environment sense organs sense organs eyes nose skin ears tongue sense organs called receptors means receive things eyes receive pictures things look nose smell skin responds temperature pressure ears receive sounds environment tongue helps identify tastes sense organs living things react stimuli react react hear chalk squeak board behave result responding stimuli surroundings stimuli affect sense receptors responses behavior respond stimuli behavior
jump sudden loud noise mouth water taste food pull hand hot stove learned living things respond stimuli responses simple think control automatic automatic response stimulus called reflex reflex reflex response protects dust nose sneeze dust stimulus sneezing response sneeze help rid dust dirt eye blink eye waters dirt stimulus response blinking watering eye blinks waters help rid dirt sneezing blinking reflexes help protect reflexes reflex takes place nerves muscles stimulus received receptor message carried nerve cells spinal cord nerve carries message spinal cord carries message muscle gland muscle move part body gland mouth eye water message travels path nerve cells path called reflex arc look diagram trace reflex arc happens reflex takes place automatic response stimulus called reflex
jim green motorcycle roared devil slide eyed trail trail lose tall tree scrambles lap motorcycle sidecar gotten ahead foot hill jim jim rode trail thought race wheels white guy martin let ahead going look pass trail jim saw top devil slide trail opened side tall trees side stayed close trees pass bike close jim thought wheels white guy martin laughed raced engine jim saw horse boy rider coming turn trail horse noise motorcycle started buck horse bucked front jim motorcycle jim pulled motorcycle hard left horse horse rider fell jim motorcycle hit boy motorcycle started slide trail jim stopped tree jumping ran horse boy road boy face white hill boy don jim jim thought fast don hill look fell head covered crash helmet jim don hill face hit lose jim ran motorcycle looked jim started motorcycle roared trail
wheels white field watching riders practice track guy martin front juan gonzales jim miles buck green standing wheels big tom field big tom buck green friends tops motorcycle racing big tom buck green sidecar tall tree scrambles big tom look riders practicing track raced engine motorcycle listened sound ready big tom look motorcycles roaring watched jim miles green bike looked blue bike blue bike asked big tom look turns juan gonzales wheels wheels watching juan practice boy sure riding track juan gonzales big tom sure guy told guy juan didn wheels nodded juan heard call boy angry wheels looked track guy martin buck green juan jim front racing finish line stands shop watched
suddenly juan bike sliding wheel hit track motorcycle pulling heading fence juan move quickly turned left close fence foot hit fence line motorcycle fence heading track juan sliding motorcycles passed bikes pulled juan juan close roared turn side track bikes riders turn heading stands standing shouting turn coming riders knew juan hit lap slowed turned track juan roared turn side track passed riders bike moved front running suddenly roar stands coming turn riders let bike hit head stands running track motorcycle track front juan wrong move
juan headed bike open field going top speed trying front wanted place trail hill juan twisted throttle giving bike big blue motorcycle flew ground juan wheels place hit trail turn juan took turn fast wheel started slide wheels moved left motorcycle move race wheels gave juan hard look slow shouted speed won win race juan nodded cut speed knew fast bike didn head slowed took turn lot wheels moved side sidecar mud hole road juan fast trouble juan thought lap ready place rock field passed motorcycle juan slowed bike rocks wrong move wheel part crashed passed rocks open tree mud hole
wheels saw wrong turn sidecar road didn help sidecar road race wheels knew juan stopped lose knew driving juan driving juan knew pulled road wheels jumped ran minutes bike sidecar road jumped motorcycle roared wheels juan moving passed motorcycles lap sand pass passed black bike helped trail passed motorcycles open field passed buck green big tom motorcycle sidecar left front jim miles big green devil juan let throttle wheels headed devil slide dust knew jim miles front lot dust juan thought happened jim bike tried look
minutes wheels juan talking senator ramirez senator face white ride told juan wheels voice shook took fast thinking hill juan laughed happened fast think juan wheels smiling closed eyes wheels stopped talking stopped smiling speeding road jim miles bike moving fast buck green wheels juan senator watched bikes headed jump dust jump buck green pull miles sidecar jump green green started pull miles wheel wheel roared finish line buck wheels shouted tom eye bikes road finish line deep sand hit sand jim miles slowed green cut speed turned bike left trail top speed buck big tom flew sand juan tried sand speed wheels nodded taking chance buck knows
put hands plow handles looked smelling freshly turned sod morning alive soft stirring dewy crispness jeff heard sharp friendly whistle quail waving bluestem plowed space warm south wind nostrils caught wild intoxicating whiff sand plum blossoms boy felt strangely tune beauty freshness morning mind filled restlessness yearning breakfast father told southern states seceded union war fought north south big war easily spread kansas jeff heart beat faster beneath blue homespun shirt miracle general war avoided soldiers needed halt guerilla warfare kansas brought missouri proslavery faction border jeff dearest wish soldier talked home small sixteen strong wiry cheerful abashed presence strangers doubt mind army wanted enlist known father ridden horseback snow winter leavenworth hear abraham lincoln speak behalf candidacy presidency lincoln touched northeast tip kansas territory tour speaking elwood troy doniphan atchison stockton leavenworth
told wanted join kansas volunteers sentry admitted told enrollment officer barracks fort orderly cluster neat white buildings beautifully situated rising ground southern shore missouri river bounded sides dark green strips woodland river flowed southeastward oceanic grandeur high vantage point jeff distant ferry rafts moving slowly river bugs crawling slowly sand river light green sweep prairie ran endlessly sworn linn county boys military hospital physical examinations passed hundreds soldiers blue blouses marching spacious green drill fields bugles tooting officers crossing parade grounds saluted smartly passed jeff watched excitement apparently getting ready fight jeff john david turned corner barracks building heard thunder hoofbeats run squadron cavalry spurs jingling sabers rattling oaken butts carbines resting thighs thundered past grandly drumming horses hoofs creak leather sight boy fresh plow handles jeff smell horses sweat metal ring bits bridles flashing bright kansas sunshine
jeff outfit elected noncommissioned officers chose sergeant pete millholland big broad beamed farmer white hair blue eyes homesteaded kaw river lawrence jeff surprised choice millholland green gourd military procedure wore uniform slipshod manner drillmaster worst regiment squad marched rifles held wrong shoulder coats unbuttoned pants legs stuck boots attempted bayonet drill stuck repeatedly weeks kansas volunteers marched drilled fort jeff afraid war kansas regiment infantry reach battleground fear grew finally july command sufficiently trained cross missouri river military ferry bivouac big timber jeff liked hard rugged training open getting nearer battle david gardner liked part understand commands officers scolded constantly recruits hazed soon loneliest volunteer camp jeff helped david adjust army night jeff found sobbing bunk lonesome david blurted miserably want home ma
jeff wiped sleep eye ragged sleeve bracing elbow sat pale sickly glow begun illuminate eastern horizon sharply angled tavern roof silhouetted black ink smelled sowbelly frying felt fierce hunger square meal home furlough wouldn longer army jeff yawned squinted inquiringly guard goin ben ben looked jeff pityingly goin nowheres cap clardy fer duty ambulances gotta report field hospital twenty minutes jeepers jeff cap sure hate rate thet stinkin duty jeff blinked uneasily didn answer clardy lost pulled legs climbed feet legs felt dead hours sleep wasn nearly marched twenty miles night jimmy sitting groggily eyes half shut trying pull shoes army going jeff asked guard ben shouldered gun rolla ioway missouri troops ride steamcars st louey orders march gasconade river ford mouth piney guess found sigel night
missouri woods reminded mother brilliantly colored rag rug lay split log floor bed linn county blackjack seedlings aflame genial sunshine young hickories glowed livid gold oaks couldn agree color wore subdued foliage yellow pale green gay bronze bright red cardinal flew leisurely tall coppery sweet gum jeff thought falling leaf dixie trotted contentedly side soon rude clearing jeff saw small unpainted clapboard house crude leather hinges door house apple trees heavy fruit small patch big orange pumpkins lay garden nearby red apples looked tempting moment jeff hesitated easy help curbing fierce appetite decided ask walking small passageway pulverized white rock knocked vigorously thin planked door woman opened frowning suspiciously blue uniform gnarled hand raked black hair eyes jeff snatched army cap mam jeff twisting cap hands bashfully real hungry apples yonder cap pointed fruit trees nearby saw small boy white scrubbed face peering curiously woman skirts
days later began pass occasional log cabins rude brand marks flanks grazing horses cattle hogs full bloods joe grunted scornfully lazy wanta live indians raise mess corn family corn meal hominy eat swill hogs jest wanta hunt eat penetrated deeper deeper cherokee country farms bigger homes alongside trail larger houses story tall corner fireplaces wide porches valleys filled waving corn orchards peach apple plum quince grew big homes broad lawns shaded gigantic oaks enclosed plank fences neatly whitewashed jeff seen kansas mixed bloods intermarried whites explained joe proudly run things nation brush indians live midafternoon passed blackened ruins large home destroyed fire desolation complete fences wrecked cedar lane leading front door chopped wantonly springhouse barns burned ground saw joe smooth brown face grew hard clem vann home watie burned think vann union boys north fight play son john pet cub bear
jeff lay grass army blanket pleasant basking arkansas sunshine bone tired felt wanted ridge broke breeze feel sun rays warming blanket felt stroking blanket hot iron sleeping night haystack jeff noah walked fourteen miles breakfast reached rhea mills found blunt baggage trains mess wagons awaiting gratefully devoured hot coffee fried salt horse cold hardtack lost equipment resupplied quartermaster flopped warm december sun jeff liked bath tired strip sour clothing lay comfortable stupor reviewing awe battle survived dead knew wyandotte spruce baird crusty sergeant commanded confiscation detail raided mccomas home baird hit side exploding rebel bombshell buried battlefield bottom stew kettle desk noah writing sad tidings baird family sat hunched sun blanket draped broad shoulders jeff felt twinge pain left hand beneath fingernails blue dirt bruised knuckles swollen frightfully
nearly store town plundered soldiers big cavalryman swaggered grocery store hat filled oats carefully poured oats wooden sidewalk half starved horse tethered iron post nearby reach horse nickered hungrily lowered head thrust thick lips cavalryman saw infantrymen grinned sweeping gesture arm pointed store pitch boys invited noah led inside met soldiers coming arms filled sorts merchandise noah concentrated tobacco filling sack twist twist pocketed boxes sulphur matches store heard bill earle whoop exultantly high voice triumphantly held pair shiny black shoes pair thick woolen socks sitting floor kicked tattered brogans laced jeff looked enviously size bill chuckled gaily wear felt jest took ten objection git pair stuart mitchell called muffled voice front store head sight hogshead raw brown sugar size wear bill called mitchell air sugar freckled face
discouraged jeff put cap picked rifle wanted ask woman lucy catch column thank mam drink jeepers don thank soldier boy chuckled gaily water mine thar spring longs th cherokee indian nation thank john ross stand watie decide gonna run things lots killed aroun ford safe place bother belle live close fort don run store stocked jeff swung tahlequah road war soldier boy called quaveringly store goin buy plug chewin tobaccy throw thousand pounds sugar jeff didn hear think getting tahlequah found tahlequah full union soldiers small force hundred colonel phillips union indian brigade camped tents illinois river cherokee mixed bloods defected union side spite fact uniforms fitted poorly soldiers sympathy stand watie rebel cherokee cavalry mission nation protect thousands cherokees lately revoked alliance confederacy union side
sounds vibrating objects energy needed objects vibrate energy talk energy vocal cords vibrate strike keys piano sounds produced takes energy energy needed sound needed objects vibrate sounds loud soft sound form energy loud sounds energy soft sounds bus sound energy car bus makes louder noise car bass drum sound energy toy drum makes louder sound sounds louder close vibrating object sound energy reaches ears closer vibrating object makes loud sounds soft sounds loudness sounds measured decibels loudness talking decibels softest sound person hear decibels train going noise decibels sounds louder decibels dangerous damage human ear loudness sound measured tape pin part tuning fork tongs hold glass plate candle flame plate covered carbon clamp tuning fork ring stand lower tuning fork pin touches glass plate strike tuning fork gently soft sound
thunderstorm lightning thunder happen flash lightning takes seconds hear thunder seconds takes sound thunder reach light lightning reaches eye sooner sound thunder reaches ear comparing thunder lightning helps show sound travels slowly light seconds hear thunder lightning flash sound travels meters air feet takes sound seconds travel kilometer seconds travel mile speed sound figure lightning flash flash lightning count seconds hear thunder takes seconds hear thunder flash mile takes ten seconds flash miles takes sound reach traveled mile kilometer fast sound travel air sounds travel speeds materials sounds travel meters air water sounds travel meters steel sounds travel meters
trumpet player clarinet player play note sounds exactly frequency play loudness sounds note played violin sound sounds trumpet clarinet violin qualities quality sound caused extra sounds extra sounds called overtones sounds trumpet clarinet violin qualities overtones trumpet clarinet sound play note tuning fork makes pure sound sound frequency overtones trumpet sound frequencies overtones overtones caused vibrations parts trumpet parts vibrate frequency note played parts vibrate frequency parts vibrate times fast higher frequencies overtone overtones mix give trumpet special quality clarinet violin mixture overtones special quality overtones trumpet sound don friend recognize hear voice voices overtones talk sing throat vibrates chest vibrates body vibrates
reflection mirror reflection called image mirrors smooth surface rays light coming direction hit smooth surface reflected direction reflected rays eyes direct rays object image object reflection clear images called regular reflection regular reflection calm smooth surface pond makes mirror smooth surface regular reflection images clearly water windy surface pond rough rays surface direction reflected directions scattered rays form image image pond surface rough kind reflection rough surfaces called diffuse reflection images seen diffuse reflection diffuse reflection place ruler front mirror touch centimeter mark image touches centimeter mark move finger centimeter mark image image finger mirror finger front hold book mirror try read words letters backwards image flat mirror backwards reversed
happens light moves medium compare movement light movement things roll marble water marble slows hits water light slows goes air water water dense air light slows enters dense medium light moves air glass slows leaves glass speeds light moves faster moves dense media happens light moves dense media light move medium medium normal line light bend explain let compare light wave row marbles rolling water marbles hit water slow wave marbles bent light wave moving medium medium normal line slowed bent goes straight happens light wave moving medium medium normal line light moves medium medium angle explain refracted let compare light wave row marbles moving water angle marble enters water slows rest marbles moving speed marble soon reaches water
objects colors object color depends color light reflects object reflects colors seen white object reflect colors seen black color object depend remember white light colors objects reflect parts white light plant leaves reflect green part light white light shines leaf mainly green reflected eyes rest light absorbed soaked leaf light energy absorbed plant food black objects absorb light shines light energy changed heat white objects reflect light shining black objects warm faster white shows white clothing cooler summer color green leaf reflect shine red light white card card appears red green light card appears green white objects reflect colors white objects change color lights try shining red light green card card appears black green objects reflect mainly green red light shining green object reflected objects reflect light black color white card green light transparent translucent objects transmit light
order living animals able meet conditions surroundings adaptations slowly millions animal successful adapting environment increased chances living improved outlook survival successful die let trouble facts straight deer antelope general group animals belong group known bovine ox animals cattle relatives sheep goats antelopes type deer wide growing antlers tender full sensitive nerves feel twig touch easily injured owner move carefully bruised caused bleed points grow directions weeks whitetail fawn properly spent entirely hiding month stay concealed begins mother baby wants start try follow goes eat drink merely want romp safety demands mother hides fawns separate spots big task taking care family
snake sheds skin times days shedding process begins snake start place eyes clouded colors grow faded dull feel eating seeks place water hide shortly shedding begins snake eyes color return normal oily liquid forms beneath layer skin snake loosens skin rubbing rough surface skin splits lips slowly snake works head free catching rocks bushes skin peels turning inside glove finally entire covering left glistening scales replace attired scales snake goes months ready repeat process schooner travels water wonder prairie schooner covered wagons crossed open plains country headed california vehicles covered large white canvas cloths distance looked sailing ships wagons traveled convoys grouped passengers enjoy company achieve greater safety wagon held entire family provide needs insides laden pots pans clothing furniture family owned
familiar word longer word notice word heavy type sentence leakage caused wall crack small word leak leakage root word letters age form suffix suffix letter group letters added end word change meaning meaning leakage leak leaked likely crack root word context helps meaning unknown word spelling root word change suffix added happiness happy hesitation final hesitate dropped root word sound suffix added root word natural nature sound stands changed suffix added look word heavy type sentence met prearrange activities surprise party root word prearrange case letters added front root word arrange letters pre form prefix prefix pre means ahead prearrange means arrange ahead word prefix starts pre word prefix suffix enjoyment especially
ten jacques piccard stood field switzerland watched balloon carry father blue sky huge balloon speck disappeared historic journey august father auguste piccard ascended astonishing height feet higher watched father flight occur young jacques someday mark history exploration taking trip opposite direction depths ocean january member united states navy jacques deepest pit deepest ocean descended pacific ocean bathyscaphe father designed built bathyscaphe stop feet beneath surface pacific ocean inky blackness miles gleam sunlight topic broken subtopics subtopic broken smaller topics outline smaller topics look course outline look depends subtopics smaller topics selection selection outline follow form shown track field meets exciting contests track events viewers watch bursts speed energy drive runners hundred yard dash short races
coming circus welcome event young circuses knows began thrilling shows produced ancient romans held natural outdoor arenas largest circus maximus means biggest circus performing area center valley spectators seats built side hills featured events chariot races amused stunts tumbling rope dancing europeans america carried tradition famous circus operated barnum called greatest show earth ten later joined rival bailey form barnum bailey circus spring circus began annual tour traveling town town wagon trains rolled dusty country roads excitement ran high show arrived agents traveled ahead plastering colorful posters sides barns fence posts windows general stores caught spirit brothers iowa beginning neighborhood shows father barn grew improved ringling brothers circus reached top ago merged barnum bailey circus visits cities country bringing special kind amusement thousands
climb easy mountaineers full spirits camp feet laughed sang till dusk light climbers feet hundred upward feet point east face upright wall impossible climb crest northwest ridge saw cross north face creep edge crossed dismay found north face covered thin layer ice mountaineering skill climb slip fall matterhorn glacier feet roped safety moved forward feet north face straight feet cut crest northeast ridge met difficulty top ridge rock protruded advancing greatest care looked hearts began pound joy easy snow slope successful mountaineers remained top hour happy danced wildly
lascaux france specially trained descend underground cave check temperature amount moisture present temperature humidity exactly cave art treasures walls cave paintings prehistoric lascaux paintings believed caves opened public july french fourth july visitors caves closed visitors found green mold spreading walls caves damaging priceless paintings warning danger july official caves warm walls sweating heat moisture drop fell official hand discovered drop tinted red paintings careful study officials found presence visitors caves changed temperature caused paintings sweat color soon save paintings meant closing caves public specialists began skilled caves system proper temperature caves installed walls sprayed kill tiny organisms visitors brought cave
special towers seen watts section los california built named simon rodia simon rodia worked simple tools window washer belt bucket building materials collected seventy thousand seashells pipes steel bedframes trash cans gathered countless tiles bottles thrown junk age seventy simon rodia completed moved thought crazy building towers children broke tile glass decorations simon rodia house burned going destroyed forgotten realized wonderful towers wanted save officials los towers destroyed unsafe helpful person showed simon rodia book knowledge build construction safe officials satisfied test tallest tower ordered cable hooked truck top tallest tower television cameras turned hundreds watched truck strained pull tower shout joy crowd tower stood firm seashell fallen place today enjoy simon rodia towers
natural early copy ideas close neighbors living close community dressed alike cloth dyes materials shaped garments ways fathers tribe nation developed separate style dress tribe styles built roads ships began trade peoples chinese developed arts civilization style dress continued thousands egyptians ruled northern shores africa curious styles developed egyptians lived sunshine need heavy tight fitting clothing wore loose flowing garments adorned fine embroidery jewels civilizations style dress person country dressed alike greece women lived cities wore flowing garments worked fields needed cumbersome garments farmer wore short tunic sailor needed freedom movement greeks sailors roamed seas brought ideas clothes materials peoples thought care costume soldier depended wearing battle driver war chariot wore tunic protect legs wind dust battlefields
minute driver oncoming car saw ford turned steering wheel hard car bumped side road missing ford pulling front ford driver looked stop ford rolled stop car close close bert thought paul ford morning fender brakes won rides car paul ware bert kennedy friends started drive boys put money buy ford paul bert put money brake job won car run won put money car paul looking ford tell car runs bert talking buying sports car let seen sports car races races wheels white track putting money job
engine gave boys lot trouble looked engine car run engine start bert wanted give paul stop look engine groaned bert win race thing look bert paul big cars big engines ford car big engine hard move fast mg low turns fast won turn engine works hard fast bert low car engine run fast speed sports car race lots turns paul surprised engines bright morning job ended boys mg roll bright fenders place wheels parts put engine bert sat steering wheel car sat low feeling ground turned engine
bert let gas mg slowed paul looked top hill black car hit stopped driver walking hot rod blocking marsh road paul driver hot rod trouble going bert didn driving hot rod wheels white think driving fast paul asked thinking say bert drove paul looked top hill looking road mg paul hand started hurt bumped door car hot rod saw cut feel thought seeing hot rod eyes seat bert laughing thing driver driver turns paul bert talking think wheels drove road stopping asked think look going paul thought happened wheels stopped going fast
turn racetrack car number front coming turn cars wheel wheel paul bert standing watching cars speeding turn bill fiat started jaguar engine roared sound going paul called bill going win race happened fiat hit bump track boys front end fiat turn hard red car ran banked side racetrack top smashed ground side stands nick jaguar roared stands track paul shouted car going roll fiat hit ground rolled side times rolled righted smashed tree fiat rolled stop wheels bill car wheels paul bert racing car bill shouted wheels bill let head answered bill car boys wheels give hand working wheels bert paul fiat side paul opened door helped bill
wait bed james quick brothers george daryl sleep room sit brothers glad today saturday mom today dad living brothers house care mom mom lets food shopping roll cart store want try things living city kinds foods living city bet try food eat thing times put food care kittens found black white cat street days eaten took lot talking mom let weeks later kittens surprised named mother cat spot kittens older giving kittens friends give think going feel sad kittens car lot
school today stay bed longer billy room share brother dan dan sisters nice brother early breakfast meal kitchen smells sleep things eat farm lots milk eggs butter big garden grow corn vegetables mom bakes bread cakes foods need store food eat farm breakfast help father milk cows hard milking easy cow farm hard believe cow sandy sandy sees comes waits pat head cows milked let eat grass late afternoon cows feed birds bird house set tools room bird house nice thing living farm birds
neddie gordon live house family family brothers mother father dog house city country house suburbs live yard house father workshop basement lots tools father lets shop clean shop build things idea weeks started build idea mean kind house modern hope soon biggest brother charles hair likes music likes tell makes angry brother kirk kirk big solid muscle strong comes johnnie younger likes play toy soldiers says smart fight morning brothers mother father bed eat breakfast school car pool
school juan hope friend scoop sitting street played ball morning scoop asked juan scoop scoop juan wanted show money shows tv big boys juan scoop look building scoop thing told juan father want buildings father policeman juan told boys building jump window scoop juan dark soon boys began look building room painted red lived asked scoop santa claus juan laughed room guess lived juan scoop played guessing game rooms high building wow scoop high scoop took step juan help fell hole scoop fell juan ran scoop fell door
live america united states america part america important part america mother father friends america white black yellow red italians indians irish puerto ricans english poles french germans kinds america roads built houses started families aliens lands things america america children children children son daughter grandson granddaughter alien part part tomorrow story lands live america called aliens america aliens america aliens story friend paul dream night told dream paul found lamp magic lamp inside lamp wish wish aliens paul things paul want america need things aliens left america took took roads took farms
comes crazy judah say let cross street talks silly railroad wants build true theodore judah talk lot railroad thought wished theodore judah wanted build railroad short kind bridges ready biggest railroad clean west run california nebraska judah idea dream hundred ago wanted railroad wanted lot didn think mountains california high build railroad thought crazy theodore judah knew crazy railraod built told wife help help lot judah california mountains found railroad maps show talked california talked tried gave money money build railroad railroad need millions dollars government money
begins clock wakes cat meows maria cat wants eat open cat food opener food maria drops food cat eats maria food maria hits cat cat bites maria maria jumps yells father mother maria toothbrush clean teeth maria drops toothbrush floor father sits eat milk falls floor maria laughs mother yells ready school hurry maria falls stairs find shoes bus surprise wrong bus bus boy hits girl fight starts try stop fight boy girl hit fight stops glad school bell rings heads door door breaks class begins teacher leaves room talks pens paper fly room teacher comes soon lunch eat school lunch play ball hit face ball hit ball bell rings runs door door breaks school
animals dogs cats birds birds reason known birds pigeons friends wanted help pigeons built house bought pigeons started lot fun pigeons boys roof eat talk pool table roof play pool watch pigeons fly asked played roof told safer roof street say leave taking care pigeons stay trouble feel birds worked okay learned lot birds care color thing learned birds smarter play fight fight hold grudges fight wins forget thing learn tell watch birds birds
morning town covered clouds fog beautiful town volos town sea big ships volos milros nic brothers going ships mother asked family needed money ship blowing horn brothers ship days passed milros nic worked hard sleep night sit talk town volos talked gardens volos flowers yards bright houses big small beautiful bicycles donkeys cars street streets clean friendly milros nic missed town home soon turkish kapuji means door keeper buys bread fruits throws trash cleans garden lots things winter works heat live big building kapuji works building kapuji hikmet read write happy child happy guess works hard kapuji alarm clock
grow taller thinner father bad bulls look small grows tall fight biggest bulls spain want bigger bull fight cathedrals bulls fight olds weighing tons cows today spain drop bulls weigh tons twenty ganaderias bulls weigh tons easily tons hundred ago yes today argument hours days growing fast don worry twelve soon give boy juan olivar twelve matador talked manolo streets talked front alongside caring earshot standing listening habit arcangel reason things fear war disease flood hunger death death feared spain found cheating death
picked hay loaded wagon manolo thought top high high imagined son bravest lived afraid afterward walking slowly house tried remember times knowing afraid shown fear summer knew swimming learning learned afraid pretended didn want swimming actually watching splash laugh duck water jealous attempts learn knew coward business bicycle boy school didn ride bicycle boys bicycles willing lend wanted try showed coward lived knowing biggest coward wondered son bravest knowledge feel sick
toreros looked box president bull ring seated taking montera pressing acknowledged presence manolo knew happened oldest bullfighter thrown dress cape looked delighted shouted bullfighter emilio juarez fought father times recognized manolo honoring presenting cape manolo touched gently felt silky richly embroidered examination stopped short jabbed elbow begins toril watch gate fear bugle blew manolo looked gate slowly swung open pitch black hole suddenly moved sprang arena bull saw black angry running moving swiftly earth body shining silver black muscles manolo heart standstill sight calf side spat whistled anger disappointment making face ugly calf manolo thought mother smiled private joke halfway round ring bull caught sight magenta yellow cape held emilio banderilleros
jaime answer father appeared doorway short hair needed cutting chin cried shave eyes small extremely bright sang mocking voice son father owe honor visit senor garcia manolo bowing slightly happiness expect throwing arms air joy son father making fun manolo whispered jaime uneasy strange behavior jealous jaime whispered son juan olivar won sit pointed upholstered chair dominated empty room thank son juan business idiot son private asleep seville caped bulls pasture believe laughed bitterly hurt juan invited tientas look exactly father looked age going greatest torero spain seen manolo mocked answer
follow juan softly jumped grabbed edge gate pulled sideways disappeared manolo shorter juan nearly athletic juan reappeared top gate lying extended hand manolo managed pull jumped safe inside bull ring enclosure manolo looked height jumped smiled wagon hay afraid jump nearly high cows penned big pen bull meant el smaller pens guess bet el trouble gored goring lose ability nerve book el fight show tossed animals manolo started barely inside structure bull ring passing infirmary chapel place horses waited place dead bulls butchered bullfight weeks smell animals
maybe notice manolo thought maybe didn paralyzed couldn moved maybe vomited maybe didn didn play longer juan lightless corridor happen el forgive bound happen boy knows bulls shouldn allowed fight manolo gigantic bull realized say juan think paralyzed fear bullfighter managed say words coming parched throat difficulty joking juan laughed takes money friends bullfighter re brave took bull cape muleta called al cuerpo limpio body practice harm bull pastures easy turn sharply bull brave aficion lots boys tienta manolo earnestly
road paved car bounced springs manolo looked window flat rocky lands side olive groves side driving mountains low hanging sun beautiful country manolo thought beautiful land wondered prayed don let lose eyesight let leg arm eyes cows tested today heard say manolo bull test cows juan asked count manolo fight going manolo listened quietly sooner thought count decided manolo feels passes cows manolo bull picked juan wanted picador answered animal fights young bull intelligently ready kill kill problem juan olivar bull supposed picked didn want dismissed picador manolo able fight animal brilliantly kill help picador
father knew sitting chair standing alfonso castillo voice longer gruff soft ten ago bullfighter claimed ruined career criticism challenged fight bull laughed wondered rejected challenge intelligence cowardice ranch going find answer car ran road think fear felt driving bull caused accident thinking coming face face animal discovered powerful fear writing bullfighters aware feared danger gorings death thought brave able conquer fear able drive minds free jobs accident find encountered fears kinds situations found confuse bravery courage lack fear real courage true bravery things spite fear knowing fear alfonso castillo looking portrait juan olivar talked
decision cheating thing knew seats looked count castillo castillo spoke fight brave bull voice strong loud sounded unfamiliar manolo father want bullfighter manolo count magnificent cape need muleta boy manolo sure bullfighter el aficion want cheat continue bullfighter born boy father juan ask count permission walked steps juan bull juan manolo count protested looking castillo manolo stiffly let boy fight jumped ring tears ran juan cheeks face looked blurred manolo tears eyes turned looked expecting anger disappointment written plainly faces
civil war huge russian empire rested kind slavery called serfdom ruler emperor tsar nobles landowners bottom social scale millions peasants centuries freedom finally serfs property nobles landowners condition existed russia taking place england western europe machines invented rapidly taking place hand tools power loom worker cloth days steamboat steam engine exchange products freely factories sprang cities plenty free labor industries hire change called industrial revolution industrial revolution effect tsarist russia free workers jobs factories nobles tsars feared losing serfs afraid let ways rise power tsars peter reforms education trade industry ease landlords hold serfs rulers peter continued increase burden forty russian rulers gave million serfs favorite nobles
march tsar nicholas ii forced give throne provisional government set failed solve difficult problems faced country october leadership lenin political party known bolsheviks communists seized control party demanded government power councils russian word soviets workers peasants soldiers soviets controlled bolsheviks won popular support declaring land belonged peasants worked reducing hours working factories later peasant revolts communist government declared land property peasants raised government october russia november rest europe america russia calendar thirteen days calendar nations revolution called october revolution celebrated november provisional government quickly defeated communist government established groups opposed government aid countries formed armed forces attacked communist government civil wars brought suffering finally communist forces won russians slavic part country population choosing peoples considered
siberia vast portion soviet union stretching ural mountains west pacific ocean east arctic ocean south northern boundaries kazakh republic central asia countries mongolian republic manchuria korea days tsars entire asiatic portion country called siberia today republics central asia located east caspian sea rest territory part russian soviet federated socialist republic called siberia twenty million live vast region home native groups word siberia meant ice snow land tears tsars exiles prisoners faraway siberia ice snow siberia longer impassable barriers icebreakers crack ice arctic ocean open lanes ships snow completely cover buildings telephone telegraph radio officials touch rest nation important siberia forests lumber mills immense deposits minerals discovered workers siberia slave laborers prison camps estimated number slave laborers soviet union fifteen million opposed communist party system government
lakes soviet union fall groups according location beautiful mountain lakes largest lake baikal siberia deepest lake thousand feet deep lakes rolling forest region northwestern corner soviet union air lakes look chains glistening mirrors type lake southern plains deserts waters lakes rich dissolved minerals chemical industries fine caspian sea body water larger california plenty fish seals lies eighty feet sea level lakes type gradual drying larger ancient lakes seas rivers waterways important country vast soviet union freight carried distances half cargo carried inland waterways soviet union carried volga river tributaries oil baku transported caspian sea brought volga river vessels factories gorki moscow moscow volga canal timber eastern forest areas kama river floated downstream volga north south lumber mills passengers ride river boats steamers large comfortable
soviet union land publicly owned bought sold rented individuals soviet farmers groups government owned land collective farming peasants resisted seizure land government submit banished forced labor land collective farms government rents collective farm kolkhoz tractors big machinery require end farmers pay machinery services government supplied pay taxes income earned pay taxes land crops sell sold government government controlled markets farmers set seed vote money improvements divide left kinds farms operated typical collective farm hundred families live village houses thick walled layers clay boards story high thatched tiled roofs parts country village houses built heavy logs collective farm family house garden family permitted cow pigs poultry sheep goats huge fields village big herds cattle sheep belong farm
natural resources country play important part development progress modern civilization known gift nature powerful interesting boundaries soviet union abundance resources known forest land earth lies soviet union pines firs oaks birches trees climate favorable growth timber soviet union forest land difficult reach lumbering carried forests siberian tundra live animals captured valuable furs sable ermine fox fish caught lakes rivers coasts soviet union fisheries caspian sea important recently fishing eastern coast siberia developed murmansk baltic republics important fishing centers west coast caspian sea city baku numerous oil derricks oil pumped area sixty oil deposits discovered siberia regions soviet union united states coal deposits important gold platinum mines huge deposits iron ore deposits nickel found urals murmansk thousands tons copper lie urals central asia
privileged position communist party rests facts legal statements stalin constitution called constitution give legal basis describing leading nucleus organizations stalin explained fully saying single important political organizational question decided soviet mass organizations directions party soviet mass organizations stalin meant formal government ruler theory explanation fact cpsu political party allowed exist soviet union shows completely cpsu major political parties country significant differences found matters party membership party control party discipline membership cpsu open contrary open party selects try select ablest vigorous successful soviet difficult party equally hard harder stay membership withdrawn party withdrawn member fails live party rules fails share fails obey orders party bosses total population hundred million million party members
supreme soviet session week actually rubber stamp important presidium supreme soviet full power rest fact presidium controls supreme soviet exclusively top ranking party members council ministers serves executive branch ruler theory important ministers party bosses members council fifty ministries formal government charged administration activities common governments usual ministries war finance navy foreign affairs ministries titles jobs strange deal matters think part government typical examples ministries light industries heavy industries food fisheries lumbering transportation ministry internal affairs special function explained shortly formal government includes judicial branch headed supreme court attorney general office bank planning commission known short gosplan tremendous task drawing master plans plans explained section soviet economic ministry internal affairs known initials mvd control police dual police system open police force force secret police
key element soviet socialist system planning article ii stalin constitution says economic ussr directed ordered national economic plan economic plan makes include answer question includes fourth plan included plans things production quotas oil coal pig iron steel peat artificial legs planting trees establishment poultry departments collective farms fitting brakes automatic freight cars number hospital beds installed number children accommodated kindergartens easy takes small book print plan general aims goals plans set government agency party politburo body lays broad lines planning commission called gosplan agencies details takes tremendous amount thousands idea difficulties realizing plans balance region accidentally favored region deliberately built expense won plan factories provide steel build plan blast furnaces making steel supply coke plan mine coal transport
fourth ida mother don play ida mother kissed cheek imagination ida happier started think knew wanted ran porch picked biggest moving box box front yard ida ran house brought leftover tiles brought bucket water brought pieces wallpaper paint brush ida started paint window side box boy stopped asked fixing box ida help asked boy sure ida gave brush paint started put tiles inside box girl stopped asked fixing box ida help asked girl sure ida gave tiles girl ida started put wallpaper inside box boy stopped asked fixing box ida help asked boy sure ida wallpaper bucket water children worked children boxes porch sit sat inside box
wizard wallaby wallow spells turning folks aardvarks zebus spell bottle label mess took wizard hours find spell wanted wizard began put bottles alphabetical order put bottles spells turning folks aardvarks alligators ants shelf marked put bottles spells turning folks bears bees birds shelf marked wizard shelf marked letter alphabet picked bottle label wonder spell bottle knock door wizard geese fleece opened door busy shoo visitor mouse folks yell shoo didn pay attention wizard mouse want buy magic spell tired mouse likes mice set traps sic cats yell chase brooms pleasant want want asked wizard haven mind mouse thought spells
mouse home put bottle middle dining room table sat looked bottle tried guess magic spell turn mouse thought maybe spell turn butterfly butterflies pretty don live mouse decided butterfly turtles live pretty re slow mouse sure didn want turn turtle bees fast hard thought mouse ants picnics ants stepped birds sing happy songs birds eat worms thought eating worms mouse feel sick turned cat mouse thought cats eat mice mouse felt sick spell turning folks mice thought mouse spell wouldn show dripping egg yellow shirt mouse thought turned elephant elephant wouldn fit house mouse couldn think mouse problems thought mouse problems turn bigger problems mouse took magic spell wizard wizard mumbling grumbling door
maria walked steps slowly put foot step feet step foot step feet step foot step maria called grandmother taking pedro ricardo waiting play maria bit lip wanted say birthday don want play brothers say grandmother steps going store told maria dinner cooking oven don let burn maria top steps pedro ricardo jumping inside door maria maria cried ricardo grandma left game play maria don want look pedro note grandma read maria looked note look inside look inside asked maria game ricardo note says asked maria thought blue blanket cried maria ran room picked blanket fell maria put blanket bed thought suddenly pedro hungry want bread jelly maria pedro trying think
maria read note look asked hands knees looked things room hair rollers pedro maria stood laughed don think hat rack hall ricardo ran hall front door slipped rug fell maria ran help brother ricardo re silly don hat rack picked started pull rug note hall rug cried looked ricardo knew maria read note surprise inside grandma didn tell part game ricardo big kettle asked pedro mixed letters maria cook book asked ricardo cook begins maria asked ricardo don maria going find maria looking surprise grandmother store maria busy help grandmother put things maria started things bag maria asked knitting yarn scarf grandmother knit begins cried maria
fun gave money build huge windwagon direction land sailor ship plains built windwagon prairie ship twenty feet feet wide huge wheels twelve feet sides cabin rose top wheels deck craft sail huge white flag mast forward craft supposed move backward tail gate wagon prow ship steering tongue brought tiller craft finished formed company watch tryouts open prairie dr parker climbed aboard doctor knew broken bones meant decided watch deck saddle mule windwagon thomas excitedly hoisted sail grasped tiller looked forward prow slowly prairie ship creaked motion wind caught sail ship rolled high swished hills tacked plain amazed delighted alarmed speed craft dr parker whipped mule run bounced ship fast windwagon horse drawn wagons crawl
darkness joel hear general voice imperative receive information soon answer promise sir settled joel turned fires faced wind sixteen black miles farms joel knew approach house dark wild dogs trained protect houses dogs didn bullet troubled land shot asked questions later joel middle road cold wind tore joel ragged clothing whipped body terrible feeling cold deep inside cold valley forge straw blanket canvas moccasins packed snow feet ached hands cramped pockets beat body feel pain shoot finger tips sparks cat worst weakness months food gave hopeless feeling ready quit power wind nature struggle alive joel broke steady trot blood pounding body
order king minos daedalus icarus locked huge tower shut terrible happy busy daedalus bear son miss joy sun wind stars stone walls lock hold daedalus son managed escape tower impossible leave island ship guarded order king daedalus icarus hid lonely shore island sad hide daedalus shut tower answered icarus father sat staring sea sky resting mind busy escape think looking water watched sea gull skimming low gliding high air island suddenly idea struck daedalus jumped feet loud cry king minos rule land sea rule air daedalus shouted knew freedom icarus pick feathers shore daedalus looked beeswax
terry suddenly knew suds talking team score terry feel guilty thinking team terry shook guilty feeling show win duncan beat told suds half teams raced court fight points terry played hard fast shot basket ball ran point lead joe crowd feet half shouting noise push ball basket terry played played shot basket court didn score shot ahead joe end quarter terry breathing hard dried face towel took deep breaths terry turned saw suds re terry grin mean re suds demanded points terry stammered mean points lot suds angry mean sharply mean re re playing cup game terry tried explain scored duncan team began
andy linda rogers sat bench frozen pond mill creek park busy place end pond group girls circling spinning figure skates rink end boys getting ready practice hockey andy hurried put skates linda moved glenwood andy member team boys eager player experience andy tightened skates picked hockey stick later linda called skated join waiting boys linda sat gazing skates hand hockey skates pair andy fine atwater girls hockey team girls played hockey figure skaters pair figure skates linda sighed maybe someday andy going buy pair money paper route slowly linda put skates stood glided ice skated faster faster yes speed hockey skates missed hockey games friends left atwater glanced end pond girls whirling dipping gliding
linda puck net puck put play game glenwood scored glenwood team congratulate twin lakes boys fine team bill couldn help winning twin lakes captain laughed thought going easy game boy feint linda champion play yes agreed players saw girl team felt sorry fellows don want linda send play twin lakes chance laughed bill twin lakes team bill boys linda bill held boys crowded grinning linda bill want show thank help want handed linda package note package read linda rogers sport hockey player linda opened package caught breath gift beautiful pair girl figure skates andy told wanted figure skates tommy decided help pay give don want stop playing hockey want helping practice
olin nearly reached frozen lake saw deer small doe looked smaller thin leaning aspen tree eaten bit bark food find snow covered olin turned head wouldn look eyes mind anyway filled hunger mountain check dam couldn forget doe eyes cabin putting wood fire felt eyes looking days joe began snow big lacy snowflakes started falling night olin awoke inches snow ground eaten breakfast snowing heavily couldn barn cabin stop olin muttered stop snow falling night high wind rose morning snow piled deep drifts storm raged wind blowing snow gusts thursday olin expected leave ate breakfast turned short wave radio dead olin thought don need brad tell going stop snowing
passed points couldn pete wanted cleaning shed trucks left charlie wasn able slipping marsh find couldn leave restaurant pirates suspicious try find shed began walks restaurant closed couldn find place gang took ducks charlie business growing fast assistant took young boy named jerry hung restaurant lot charlie noticed jerry sat listening talk look face easy jerry didn hearing short started charlie jerry upset doke gang left jerry stood window looking jerry charlie called jerry wheeled looked charlie eye beat max doke gang angrily charlie pretended surprised jerry asked gang ruining big marsh jerry burst shoot hundreds ducks charlie stiffened jerry asked watching ducks shoot shed side marsh
barbara nodded head lack air possibility water coal gas dangers trapped room cutting coal air lines lines pumped water broken crowd mine grown larger barbara felt couldn breathe moved edge crowd barbara look coal town mining company built houses miners rows small frame houses marched hilly streets trees gardens spindly oily dust looking entrance mine barbara running elevator cage elevator deep mine help dig trapped miners nearby shed getting special batteries head lamps putting helmets going empty pockets matches gas coal dust explode roof fall young wife asked older woman standing thought checked supports started morning answered older woman check carefully earth roof caves afraid began stopped put fears words barbara tried stop fears
beat turn peter lundstrom shot sled steep slope fair started friend michael berg protested flew peter tracks school peter michael enjoying sled rides children norway tire turn paused breath rest short peter spied sled look girls headed slope friend peter twelve felt grown playing girls meant heavy clothes hid yellow hair face eyes clear brown wide line looked untroubled michael age peter tall slender michael square hair tow eyes bright blue called typically scandinavian hey wait minute dark eyed girl drove sled place boys left black curls bobbed sausages cherry red hood helga thomsen tomboy sled smaller girl fair helga dark smaller girl lovisa peter ten sister catch look hold helga dug heels snow began swift descent
peter bed excited sleep uncle victor planning dangerous scheme peter save thirteen tons gold bullion norway understand going hope voices low hear buzz lay thinking uncle victor words going snake sled remembered snake uncle victor boat wanted put gold boat sail case didn want peter uncle victor sail fiords open winter navigator wanted peter carry thirteen tons gold sled boat took trip supposed finished say sat bed asked children riswyk school means help girls peter fell asleep figuring twenty boys girls carry thirteen tons gold distance uncle victor say twelve miles
night saw norway blacked end thousand miles light windows draped black cautioned allow candle ray show houses night april eighth country feeling impending evil unknown terror deep shadows children cried sleep afraid grown ups saw fright black night air raid shelters hastily finished big blocks ice served purpose sand bags countries houses strange preparations tell clearly hunting rifles brought cleaned unnecessary land hunters ancient pistols hiding places clumsy fowling pieces lifted pegs doors peter liked riswyk looked light impossible war father leaving night join regiment class military college belonged peter night home re house peter father told look mother peter expected told
rain couldn spoil children couldn snake bricks gold rain melted snow spoiled sled track peter felt important snake tomorrow complained tiring trip despised dull journey knew wanted bullion delivered snake snow ten feet deep drifts hard packed trails heavy rain finish sled rides mountain turned cataract swept drowned raging rush water snow peter told garson rain servant flatly peter need stretch hand raindrops hair face rain begun fall steadily making pelting sound hard crusted snow garson house uncertain worry mother news turn events inside kitchen hear steady downpour roof story lean peter living room rain pounding windows heard panes double storm glass
peter chuckled commandant didn anders schoolmaster joined norwegian army fight school matter commandant ordered reckoning resolute individual school german officer teach grown folks told heard order committee tell commandant anders reply peter holms farm saw german soldiers posting notices town nailed white handbills church door post office school putting additional light poles handbills printed norwegian lives german occupation fishing canning commenced soon weather permitted soil planted fully times notices told children return school quickly demoralizes civilian population children idle notices proclaimed peter watched soldiers neat brought tools short ladder corporal squad marched corner saluted stiffly divided groups tasks informing riswyk german force occupation
dal twins sick ole son ole big brothers sisters peter lovisa distinction turned homes disease raged school school question epidemic dr aker commandant explain order carried children told dangerously ill fatal town germans disease checked open school sure spread return beach dr acker found mrs lundstrom peter waiting office news interview commandant doctor found trapped making plague unusual disease commandant asked tell thing disease treated run days measles thirty days scarlet fever re taking precaution re isolating disinfecting spread troops beach thought looked white german army doctor civil fellow named metzger metzger began asking list questions tongues coated undue perspiration high fever surprised answers satisfied
going uncle victor asked jan lasek finished story put hold discussed problem turn loose rolls replied risk won tell commandant peter spoke quickly story sounds true uncle victor decided believe told disguises norway dressed sports lovers turned secret police think dangerous let meant accidentally say put germans trail hold stand guard crew coming tomorrow spare watch rolls laying table supper late peter spend night aboard cleng place earth mother miss night supposed holms farm couldn america uncle victor peter pleaded shame passport uncle shortly terrible thing distance turned end rolls explained
cliff peter bulky figure commandant head german forces riswyk picking valley peter lovisa continued playing snow peter begun snowman lovisa making fancy hat wanted start home didn dare move felt noticed stayed commandant puffing trouble lifting feet deep snow hand carried light cane swagger stick plodded children stopped tracks peter growled didn dare look hands busy snow head hot mouth dry buzzing ears happen commandant found bricks buried snowmen million kroner feet re searching german infantryman commandant announced children seen woods course answer turned whisper words lieutenant sit spoke children loud voice lookng german infantryman important children tell seen part coast
soldier inside shut door leaned peter looked hard streak light window familiar soldier jan lasek pole couldn jan uncle victor boat snake peter seen shhhh jan put finger lips tunic pocket dug scrap paper dark peter note uncle victor peter read jan lasek risking liberty follow costs goes depends safety signature peter knew uncle bold handwriting nodded show understood jan listening sound waiting peter dared ask afar peter kind din rattle knives forks pans mugs rattle louder jan satisfied looked door stepped closed cell high excitement whisper quickly hall jan stopped turn key lock door peter prisoner pocket key peter hear tramp tramp tramp boots
alaska thought lucy garcia alaska sure detroit pulled nail board sitting ground clearing look pine trees clear air alaska father run cabin going lucy asked pretty papa lucy answered boards left help mama tear wallpaper think finish father asked wanted cabin fixed vacation don lucy days left remembered cabin looked saw door hung crooked windows broken wallpaper coming walls strips cabin piece land papa wanted happy look eyes papa detroit mexico young worked factory saved money thought going mexico buy house land place alaska lucy papa wanted pioneer weeks trip read alaska read pan gold read sourdoughs
half hour later felt nudge shoulder swirling pan happened water creek cloudy sand thought chico walked couple miles creek chico walk heard heavy breathing froze fear lucy afraid turn pan hand staring creek slowly water creek cleared saw scared face face saw black hairy face head pointed ears bear face black bear look bear face questioning corner eye saw bear huge paw shoulder hours crouched bear bear took paw interested wasn bear grunted walked slowly heavily lucy thought woods didn saw backpack stopped lucy felt afraid shaking sat edge creek bear crouched reached paw pushed backpack sniffed peanut butter jelly lucy guess thinking
big gray bus pulled billings montana pete days chicago days pete gotten bus eat rest stops soon tired hot dogs candy bars thought tired candy bars thought tired bus bus seat wasn bed matter flat pushed knob ranch neat thought mother letter uncle bud asking city hard kids summer hot stand ranch bud horses nice aggie put thirteen kid summer looked pete corner eye smiling miss miss pete wish answered billings bus rolled slowly street pete bus station sign ahead wondered think uncle bud saw uncle bud chicago visit wasn big talked listened bus pulled stop front gate
looks place camp elinore stewart talking girl jerrine looked liked looks country beautiful pines grew snowy mountains air clear dry land wild bears night hear coyotes howling elinore smiled jerrine smile thinking tell truth thought frightened mind camping trip roundup home farming jerrine days ridden pack horse jeems mountains miles home sign earth trees place ahead mountain deep canyon lay canyon dark look tree growing rock wall elinore knew place safe jerrine called walked elinore saw place rock wall straight high animal jump front wall fallen trees
isabella bird stopped horse path hut building seen miles wild country high rockies hut roof covered furs meant trapper lived horseshoes lay dog barked hut wore hunting outfit knife tucked belt gun lay arm side face looking bright blue eye hair side face story covered scars eye missing kicked dog asked drink water inside isabella thought nice stared odd sight wearing hawaiian riding outfit loose coat skirt full pants gathered boots women country wore simple dresses cooked cleaned husbands stayed home knew mountains trappers mountain indians hand isabella born england knew home married riding horse west adventure hut carried tin cup full water
sun wheeled gray mountains plains turned purple peaks sky red beautiful peak lay ahead isabella jim young wait rode horses place rocks lay ground snow water frozen hard breathe air thin tied horses foot reached notch rocks opening gate soon narrow stone shelf feet wide side mountain fell feet side peak rose feet let start jim isabella looked peak rose straight don began gotten nodded began climb isabella reached rock hold broke loose hand fell fell thousands feet mountain hear bouncing person sound bouncing wondered climbing mountain slipped ice going hard dangerous jim found rope pocket tied end isabella end fall able stop fall isabella
huge blue gold balloon rose air big story building pilatre de looked ground standing basket hanging balloon ropes cloudy windy balloon pilatre afraid test run balloon ropes held ground huge balloon hot air fire fill hot air lighter cool air balloon rise sides balloon puffed blue gold design began show early afternoon ready tall story building pilatre de side basket balloon marquis tipping crowd sighed free balloon hoped cross river paris balloon began rise pilatre marquis feel tugging ropes ground let free rose lightly air crowd let cheer soon balloon high crowd pilatre feel heart beating fast afraid excited marquis waved hats crowd knew talking happen
columbia eagle broke link eagle began descent moon look asked mission control earth eagle wings answered neil armstrong eagle flew side moon radio contact neil armstrong buzz aldrin moon feet green light blinked told armstrong seconds seconds mind ahead landing start columbia didn decide pushed button eagle run computer armstrong watch controls astronauts riding upside twenty thousand feet moon moved place land computer directed course feet landing place miles ahead eagle turned side astronauts saw moon close brownish gray hills deep cracks stones headed sea tranquility supposed smooth landing place smooth legs eagle thin broke stone ship moved end
want liz don father gave look meant liz couldn let re letting girl tell re girl haven mountain climbing haven re fifteen josh seventeen hal nineteen forty spoke slowly left lot space sentence talks dumb kid liz thought father packing backpacks brothers going climb north face stop night ledge let ledge liz listen liz answer father liz room heard leave laughing sounding happy thought sounded feel bad couldn believe forgotten clock moped house thought reading didn want read want mountain climbing thought fixed backpack father brothers ledge
dim lights cabins punctuated night white owned vast endless fields scattered cabins negro sharecroppers flyspecks whitewashed ceiling sundays boy walked parents set awhile distant cabins meetin house school edge town term began harvest ended planting successive octobers boy started walking miles morning evening weeks cold winds winter sickness mother give child cold boy remembering laughed getting school late agreed thought bigger walk faster school started wouldn laughed wasn dead tired walking home school father let hunt sounder school sounder mighty couldn school sounder dog sounder boy father conversation boy wished father stood silent motionless looking past rim half light cabin window pushed darkness circle lost ends cabin
boy awoke morning window remembered dream flood covering stalk land called younger children breath steamed windowpane wiped steam bottom fist dream true flood water rising bottom land frost ground looked yesterday younger children looked saw asked big blue enameled possum kettle boiling top chunk stove lids doubled cooking heating boy felt brown paper bag walnut kernels shelf stove yes mother think pounds stood close warm stovepipe turning cheek glowing warmth circled arms wide embrace pipe rubbed hands warmth ran sleeves ribs inside shirt soaked body pulled deep breaths stove catch steam escaping kettle lid bounced breaking rhythm bubbles lob lob lob surface fast boiling pot skillet stove lid pork sausages sniffed thin lines smoke curling edges
boy allowed wanted road younger children couldn past pine clump big house town bramble patch picked blackberries summer directon passed road winter buy flour store road town saturday summer speck horizon curiosity sitting cabin porches wonder speck form woman child boy awakened smell ham bone pork sausage cold wind blew cabin smelled plenty eat dark gathering boy started woodpile bring wood night dim light lamp ran past boy stood motionless open cabin door shut door boy father called sat stove boy move past edge porch white stood dim light heavy boots rattled porch floor boy backed quickly cabin pushed things smell mile loud voice ham cookin thievin nigger
morning woman told boy wanted walk town jail courthouse cake father troublesome trip won let women jail tied string cardboard box carry flat hands don cold look mighty pretty fetch stood edge porch able look crying called child act perkish don grieve father road boy felt afraid town christmastime christmas days help father carry mistletoe bunches bittersweet berries father sold wall front courthouse corner bank getting late trimmings sell father door houses street say ma need hold biggest sprig mistletoe left grain sack sold mistletoe boy remembered bunches bittersweet boy carried left thrown fence corner home nothin father say
cold standing sitting wall front courthouse winter summer boy wondered knew christmas didn look happy seen knew looking hurried quickly past corner courthouse front courthouse red brick white marble steps going wide door gray cement floors high iron bars windows door led jail small square glass height iron bars glass boy tall glass clutched box close felt burst door middle door iron knocker boy knew knock door wished woods hear voices inside windows iron bars voice singing god gonna trouble water windows sound laughter door slammed deep clash iron iron rattle tin pans boy felt lonely town lonely cabin thought
boy sat passed street front wall forgotten important thing thought asked father sounder road wasn pup didn difference road jail bull ruined boy thought father begin think say stray follard wasn house likely dropped fetch home dog wouldn boy murmured found stray home mother say afraid child don bring cabin mornin comes road scold run won foller lookin awful trouble part home boy walked darkness big houses saw beautiful lights candles windows times dogs rushed front gates barked passed stray pup lonely empty stretches road dark thought bull crumpled floor cake crumbs strangled bull cattle chute walked faster big house mailbox road lighted lantern hanging
cabin gate green grass yard big house boy thought inside gate fence studying plants tied stakes began talk boy plant smaller roots set boy looked white haired leaning listening plant answer conjured boy whispered lots folks conjured addled moved backward gate thinking run conjured folks conjure boy mother plain carried soft spell talk boy trouble mind anymore straightened began talking animal dug roots tore loose earth wilted badly died reset water hard reset plant wilted leaves startin grows boy asked thinging eat cared plant flower water earth cooled
winter returned faithful sounder hobbling legs road meet dog wag tail whine barked boy sang fields mother rocked chair sang porch cabin sounder scratched fleas porch look hunting lantern empty possum sack hanging wall crops persimmons wild grapes ripened possums raccoons gathered unmolested lantern possum sack hung untouched woman boy read brother sisters finished fields read story joseph wearied books teacher cabin story joseph story say woman listening rocking say lord child lord certainly late august afternoon boy mother sat shaded corner porch heat drought dog days parched earth crops laid boy home early fields dog days terrible woman heat bad dogs mad
days august passed september brought signs autumn crippled sat porch step leaned paralyzed deformed side body porch post comfortable sitting position find coon dog lie facing master eye fixed ear raised tap tail earth ear droop eye close muscles flex dreams hunt mighty chest give muffled whisper bark limped edge fields wandered pine woods road knew strange picture walked middle september boy left teacher important thing mother crippled re fine won need nothin days cold help gather wood walnuts broken body withered smell harvest hunt october spirit quicken dragging step cleaned dusty lantern globe dog remembering bounced legs wagged tail say ready boy home gather felled trees chop standing dead part field pay
twelve susan anthony setting table supper end lovely spring face lighted smile heard father enter house voice reached spoke mother sally ann tends spools mill sick don place anthony managing partner large cloth mill battenville york earlier anthonys moved village adams massachusetts susan born susan visited mill watched machines weave cotton yarn cloth ran father sally ann job place let father look surprise anthony face encouraged children independent nodded approval believe experience mrs anthony gave gasp don think susan young mill protested gently anthony smiled susan mother discuss give decision susan setting table ten sister hannah room dish yellow butter hannah learned susan mill ran tell father wanted job anthonys big family susan hannah younger sister mary younger brother daniel older sister guelma
susan fifteen teacher small children attended school summer months taught summer shortly seventeenth birthday february susan left home teach children family neighboring village fall susan ready farther home anthony wanted daughters sons education school college country admit women oberlin ohio boarding schools girls advanced courses susan sister guelma starting boarding school philadelphia november susan school run quaker lady natural anthony chosen quaker school children quakers mrs anthony regularly attended quaker meetings family susan expected student school months father arrived bad news business ruined large mill failed anthony told daughters susan seeing despair father face weeping knew cloth mills failing nation suffering worst financial crash history going asked susan brokenly
susan interested slavery lectures town hear susan thirty slavery meeting seneca falls rochester friend walked street village unexpectedly met elizabeth cady stanton friend introduced susan mrs stanton longed meet susan warm smile sweeping plain face mrs stanton brilliant woman short plump twinkling eyes beautiful curly hair susan knew seneca falls mrs stanton quaker friend lucretia mott called convention woman rights women drawn document protesting treated inferior mrs stanton dared demand vote suffrage women leaving seneca falls susan called mrs stanton talk remember injustices women slaves urged mrs stanton husband matter worthless sole guardian children give penny wife earns belongs husband mrs stanton explain injustices suffered women tell exclaimed mighty lift woman proper place proper place equal rights answered susan thoughtfully
susan gave revolution lecturer women speakers demand preferred auditorium listen interesting speaker stay home read country large audiences turned hear susan plead woman vote newspapers called mischief maker sneered appearance describing angular sour maid woman righters look theory lose ground wrote detroit free press insulting article bearing dignity susan paid attention jibes audiences liked appearance intelligent looking woman remarked saw tastefully dressed platform susan wore dark silk gown collar white lace earned fees lectures reduced debt revolution thousand dollars susan considering woman suffrage angle lawyers claimed women citizens united states vote fourteenth amendment lawyers vote privilege citizenship test possibility decided susan national election drew close november rochester sisters guelma hannah lived families susan asked sister mary register voters
susan continued strenuous lecture tours country heard complain looked tired worn wonderful susan blue eyes shining wrote diary paid dollar revolution debt later month susan hurried bustling philadelphia america centennial hundredth birthday founding nation celebration huge exposition held philadelphia summer susan saw exposition offered women golden opportunity focus attention vote need woman suffrage amendment constitution mrs stanton leaders national woman suffrage association joined susan philadelphia leaders wrote declaration rights women susan asked permission present declaration large meeting planned fourth july independence square replied general joseph hawley chairman centennial commission propose celebrate hundred failed suffrage leaders decided fitting woman sit big platform alongside sit asked seats women impossible replied general hawley platform crowded denial requests susan workers rebelled leave bright remembrance women centennial vowed
winter susan spent washington lobbied capitol pleading support woman suffrage amendment sorely missed senator sargent reelected friends senate house susan beginning term congress appealed reintroduce amendment find senator representative office searched home thought likely fussing friend senator henry blair hampshire wrote winter pushing action wish home married amendment reintroduced congress chamber regularly referred committee susan persuaded committees hold hearings annual convention national woman suffrage association washington took speakers including mrs stanton address committees usual speakers susan took fine young women recruiting association senate committee listened courteously hearing senator spoke susan war horses want hear strong minded women mrs stanton learned remark laughed heartily susan sat birds limb singing suffrage
cleated ramp let van horse thieves led pony easy slant inside heard smelled horses tied stood crosswise truck loose slatted stall sections set kick trample spotted pony led set stall slats put place climbed truck pony heard putting ramp shutting doors feeling closed strange place frightened horses shifted weight springs creaked body truck gave footing insecure stood sweating shaking feet braced hard talked jest room load voices horse thieves moved front truck pick quick joe bay gelding spotted mile let voice motor started truck creaked groaned bumps road horses inside gathered feet braced swaying shifting floor truck gathered speed spotted pony heard dog barking whinnied
pony tapped snorted carefully ramp dog walking stiff showing teeth pony halter unbuckled dog side corral stood sniffing snorting dog quick circuit corral satisfied gates closed fence solid lay pony feet horses drinking trough horse thieves pumping water finished rolling deep dust corral dog stretched touching noses pony led trough pony smelled edge suspiciously heard dog noisy lapping plunged muzzle deep water drank thirstily fill dog corner corral horses horse thief pumping water watched spoke seen dogs foller horses don remember seein horse foller dog notice spotted pony don move dog reckon smart seen comes told let git coffee
dog stood growling horse thief sight trotted blind pony circled waiting sniffed pony nose feet lay grass panted pony stood close stamping uneasily waiting dog decide ordinarily horse turned loose strange territory drift home soon horse thieves roundabout wire fences tight gates place ranch course dog straight country home fences trouble leading blind pony idea leaving started boy noticed pony fancy spots strange hoodlike marking face horses drifted ranch persuaded cowboy horses turned range roped found stone blind boy pleased odd looking colt wanted anyway turned pasture saddle horses pony frightened lonely surroundings
days later flat valley springs cottonwood trees grass days pony content stay dog restless trot general direction rimrock fence pony throw head listen padding dog feet move dog turn head whine pony follow soon stop begin grazing trees dog fussed worried getting mighty hungry lonely ranch boy cowboy found field mice remains hay stack left careful catch dog getting restless moonlight night heard howling gray wolves prowl early teaching pups hunt dog pony wanted meet lone gray hunting paced nervously constantly sniffing wind sign wolves pony stamped snorted small sound moon patches shadow grown dark heard scrambling buckbrush smelled unfamiliar strong animal smell
morning dog bed grass stretch scratch noticed strange yellowish haze hanging badlands faint acrid smell air pony noticed stood sniffing air directions stamping nervously big prairie fire burning wind blowing faint trace smoke spread directions impossible tell fear fire strong animals haze smell smoke grew stronger dog blind pony stood minutes sniffing air trying locate direction danger badlands animals birds uneasy jack rabbits bed places early moved nervously stopping stand straight hind legs tested air directions ears sensitive wriggling noses sage chickens moved close groups clucking fretfully birds meadow larks quiet move flew close ground short distances morning smoke thicker irritating animals noses eyes sun looked red gave yellow light cast shadows dog whined led pony distances smoke unable mind
ranch cowpuncher boy watching smoke anxiously days wondering fire going spread part range smoke drifted low hills making sunlight yellow strange looking fire started front change wind move direction help cowboys homesteaders fighting busy plowing fireguards plowed wide strip ranch buildings plowed strips big fenced pastures strips bar advance grass fire levees flooding river case set fires edge plowing burn upwind meet advancing flame starve fireguards plowed loaded barrels water wagon shovels gunny sacks tarpaulins ready case fight fire business usual afternoon sitting platform top windmill tower greasing gears rested climbing looked big pastures small bunches strange horses moving couple days strange stock drifting road hanging fence smelled water big earth dam
hard getting standing bobbing raft water washed logs soaking feet slippery water felt ice cold fatty shivered scared excited floated getting rocking movement raft soon slide side river poles fatty beginning relax crack raft suddenly slammed rock surface jolt nearly threw feet raft spun rock slipped mainstream moment fatty began laugh loud jep raft solid rock ride riding magic carpet whisking roller coaster hey jep shouted turned bend river whoop hey captain buried treasure fatty cried bend mate jep called gold buried shore rock shape parrot head fatty jep pointing finger ahead river narrowed disappeared sharp bend left rock cliff rose straight water bank thick trees fatty looked water raced narrow gap re gaining speed warned pouring funnel try drag poles bottom hollered jep
interested africa accident twenty ago studying philosophy music university india return home england decided side trip drive africa part trip took epulu river congo stopped village named camp putnam pygmies visiting forest heard pygmy woman putting child sleep singing song strange beautiful didn understand language wrote sounds started sing song woman terrified screamed thought trying steal child singing song lullaby person makes pygmy sing song pygmies understand happy interested music listened singing wrote wrote songs lullabies pygmies didn finally learned pygmy told don sing real music village wanted hear real music forest didn nearly learn music wanted
mother rat nest babies mate longer wee born built small nest tree live saw night whisked packed rat trails climbed trees expertly squirrel allow home nest fear harm blind helpless sharp claws tearing sticks outer nest pile coming closer secret home pack rat twitched whiskers drew quick whiffs air scent odds ends crammed floor listened tense troubled bright black eyes caught hint dawn trickling tunnel small hint light tell breaking drew bushy tail closer babies young week ten days eyes opened weeks weaned carry safety knew prepared run young dangling tunnel going directions nest pile led mine dump hole floor corner shaft house shaft mine
ago ebenezer jenkins show contrariest lived rule contrary body yes mouth jenkins say body jenkins yes contrary folks forgot real called contrary jenkins telling contrary lived log cabin hill country tennessee spring planted gourd seeds front cabin let vines sprangle porch roof cabin patch ground growing corn cabbages dog rifle cow spring morning contrary young sprout slung rifle shoulder set road wound hills cabin midday sight dan williams place snuggled clearing downhill road howdy contrary dan called door cabin hurry goin brother kentucky shouted contrary stop rest spell invited dan don aim stop shouted contrary don aim rest till kentucky eat reckon urged dan
ago lived rainmaking dragon named chien tang chien tang duty supreme ruler heaven leave deep lived water dry earth chien tang spread mighty wings fly high catch clouds giant claws wring rain earth drenched flowers fields bloom grass turn green rivers swell roar chien tang blow clouds return habit honor dragon rainmaker gather drop poems sweet flowers deep hole evil chien tang evil carried vile weeds hateful poems written dirty rags dropped chien tang saw dirty rags falling angry read poems chien tang dragon fool needs fill pool chien tang angry shook ground mighty roar flew straight evening sky wasn cloud sight chien tang flew higher spotted angry moon clouds carried earth shook thunder strong rattle walls homes lightning zigzagged sky rain poured
earliest times felt close animals share shown kinship ways art hunting peoples painted carved images animals depended food king south america sat stone throne carved shape jaguar families mexico jars shaped sleeping dogs powerful africa wore masks antelopes animals important ceremonies wealthy chinese families burned oil night lamps form dragons reason animals prowled danced art learned earliest hunting peoples europe parts art left carved painted deer bison animals walls caves felt pictures stood spirit animal hunted today experts think pictures part religious ceremony thought ceremony animals live return season peoples art win spirits animals hunt eskimos carve masks seals whales fish caribou wood double faced mask shown represents spirits seal caribou feathers pieces wood added mask things help tell story mask painted worn tribe shaman dances ceremonies
full supervising twin brother sister helping pa wash windows arranging furniture small apartment lathe cantrell restless cantrells home neglected apartment building ma gramma lathe older sister sissy scrubbed cleaned tired sleepy lathe pa hound pruf fallen asleep sundown gramma sensed lathe anxiety promised tomorrow look sure lathe teased spect feel gramma course explore chicago tomorrow walk lathe gramma covered square blocks streets flanked part structures older wooden frame houses standing nicely painted decorated tooled woodwork knee high fences wood wire protected plots grass flowers shrubs spot greenery sure helps lot gramma remarked thoughtfully blocks south east school building playground paved chinning bars basketball stops chalked hopscotch guides gramma asked think find place mornin sure compass head north tested pointed correctly live pointed apparently satisfied answers straightenin sun rises sets lake
invited stated business seated gramma chance say gramma introduced mrs carlson answered honest welcome think wonderful call don rest family connected mind husband run son hound lathe frowned remembered pa hurt angry face carlson threatened kill pruf howling violent reactions hill mean southerners argue mean trying think friends raising crisis call mrs cantrell call gramma comes easier calls gramma ring bell feel thank explainin lathe gramma continued rounds doors closed faces think hillbilly prejudice re buttin gramma mused tirin mite walk home sir sit thinkin re mighty gentlemanly escort lathe quiet thoughtful home briarhoppers call asked lathe hillbilly called kay kentuckians
gramma hand coach congratulating home run hitter shook oliver hand vigorously realized explanation dropped regretfully big sigh responsibility tryin put dollars sure control rest boys didn blamin feelin bad put spot forget suggested deal lathe plant chances resignedly gramma resumed spading oliver eyes spearing lips twitching disdainful accusation re backin chicken lathe fists balled took step forward don dare talk grandmother gramma stepped peace boys oliver wanna fifty fifty bet deal wanna sure re agreein gotta produce flowers sour piece ground bet mean flowers don month maybe weeks tell guy ten bucks ready lathe stopped working afternoon think gramma achieved sudden oliver side war bad war
warm arctic temperature fifteen degrees temperature fifty sixty degrees americans eskimos miles north pole happy weather area north pole land water frozen warm ice thin places matthew henson american driving dog sled started clear stretch ice suddenly heard loud crack heart stopped yelled dogs faster ice coming beneath feet ten seconds freezing water dead slowly began sink water poured boots stung million bees pain crawled body strong arms grabbed nick eskimo pulled strong ice took henson stop shaking close robert peary leader group matthew henson assistant tried reach north pole times past eighteen nearer turn reach peary knew trip spent cold land body weak
shortly morning left transfer van waiting started gantry elevator feet capsule pressure suit didn need early wanted extra top capsule wanted stop look redstone booster push space lovely sight enjoy sight bird getting ready redstone mercury capsule top looking combination slender decided air expectancy waiting stood frost sides liquid oxygen vented white clouds searchlights turned scene brilliant white redstone stood moments studied elevator crew standing base rocket applauded started gantry topside green plastic penthouse covered capsule preparations completed walked bit chatted briefly gus grissom john glenn wanted especially thank john backup completed final check cockpit crew looked tense astronauts showed
minute liftoff bird rode rough point flight booster capsule passed subsonic supersonic speed immediately zone maximum dynamic pressure forces air density speed combine peak bit vibration buffeting known going happen heavier thought considered getting tried focus cabin pressure reading thought briefly reporting buffeting decided garbled mixed unclear transmission vibration point ground shock didn want leave quick decision leave mind advance handle things call help couldn vibration stopped piece called deke lot smoother lot smoother minutes launch altitude miles building climbed speed miles hour ride fine exactly planned radio transmission booster engine cutoff systems cutoff occurred schedule abrupt happened fuel burned chamber gradual drop level forward thrust smooth
surprised astonishing growth popularity basketball dr james naismith invented late gymnasium physical director ymca springfield massachusetts stated dr naismith permanence job dependent enrollment gymnasium true regarding directors members frequented gymnasiums course need membership shrunk inevitable jobs going attendance gym shrink shrink teaching calisthenics barbell gymnastics fewer fewer early students interested physical directors young saw handwriting walls discussed ways means bring pupils lot students gymnasiums suggested devise team game suitable play gymnasium accomplish ambition competitive game designed suitable small area gymnasium problem going home night noticed detached sort number peaches narrow baskets era suddenly connected idea game required team players throw basket baskets examined closely yes top diameter permit entry football basket soon discarded
washed wineglass clean dried held spout eaves trough took wee drop hair fine tubes lens yes beasts swimming present fresh rainwater proved live eaves trough washed water took big porcelain dish glazed blue washed clean rain put top big box falling raindrops splash mud dish water threw clean intently collected bit slender pipes study proved water single creature sky water hour hour squinted fourth saw wee beasts beginning water bits dust flecks thread lint beasties marvelous poking trying closely trying find reasons sharp taste pepper asked guessed points particles pepper points jab tongue eat pepper
mind holding talked doctor knew strangers laughed ambition found agreed give private medical tutoring night entered laboratory saw arm lying dissecting table arm felt faint look doctor lifted layers skin show muscles tendons bones forgot squeamishness heard beat human heart stethoscope elizabeth hooked disgusting human body beautifully complicated piece machinery determined understand worked elizabeth supported teaching going school morning read medical books night studied anatomy learning doctor degree medical college twenty medical schools biggest country turned fall heard twenty ninth geneva medical college upstate york accept student elizabeth didn acceptance grew joke president college intention admitting woman student small school need funds application seconded prominent doctor deny doctor request passed buck students
nation began declaring created equal practically read created equal negroes accept doctrine stop decreeing future created equal negroes foreigners catholics jews poor conclusion advocates slavery driving issue property rights versus human rights eternal struggle principles common humanity divine kings spirit says toil earn bread eat words mouth king rides lives fruit labor race seek enslave race tyrannical principle trying live restate fundamental virtues democracy greater hate monstrous injustice slavery hate deprives republic influence enables enemies free institutions taunt hypocrites real friends freedom doubt sincerity especially forces open war fundamentals civil liberty denying faith declaration independence insisting principle action interest
met president kennedy white house february celebration hundred lincoln emancipation proclamation civil rights leaders country president reception eunice shriver husband arrived mrs shriver minute foyer separated living quarters white house office president mrs kennedy greeted warmly introduced mrs kennedy hope president expecting march fifty miles marines attorney general president laughed pierre salinger started thing quit leaving holding bag telegrams doctors country want trying kill members cabinet midst reception minute saw june white house office brought chapter book kennedy negroes waited john kenneth galbraith foreign affairs adviser ambassador india shook hand thing wrote knew referred earlier written senator barry goldwater knew jewish president united states episcopalian
july henry thoreau refused pay tax massachusetts henry eccentricity concord townspeople quietly declare war fashion thoreau expected exact small sum easily earned gardening surveying wasn question able raise money question conscience neighbor tax collector thoreau explained rebellion conscience allow pay tribute form taxes tax collector duty unwillingly guess easy send neighbor jail soon thoreau walked town shoe left mended cobbler court street arrested escorted concord jail put clean whitewashed cell happy felt jail citizen serve unjust thoreau quarreled massachusetts counts support american war mexico support slavery south young nation flushed success manifest destiny expand influence landholdings engaged war mexico texas territory
dave saw row buttons marked number bellhop pushed number fourteen floor smile doors closed started ride pete looked numbers number thirteen bellhop smiling lot wonder think number thirteen unlucky floor twelve called fourteen thirteenth floor want stay unlucky floor elevator stopped doors opened bellhop hall turned corner hall rooms bellhop opened door put bags inside turned lights miller handed dollar bellhop thank sir left room called suite rooms bathroom boys room side miller mother boys ran room looked window miles saw beach ocean cars looked small let swimming pete swim middle winter parents room asked mother unpack bathing suits mrs miller beach clock
boys saw elevator going raced floor hoped beat elevator floor girl waiting elevator stop asked pete girl waiting minutes dave body asked girl yes pete floor saw drag elevator dave floor top murder asked girl don pete light doors girl excited say say doors opened elevator empty pete body foot girl pete couldn couldn disappear place girl re trying fun dave look pete pete miller brother dave don think tell girl janie chung look janie pete drag elevator didn stop floor asked dave
elevator started didn reach twelfth floor suddenly stopped bounce bouncing elevator scary matter asked dave don pete think re stuck floors boys heard scraping sound turned wall opened holy smoke dave secret wall pete doors elevator opened boys looked dark hall light elevator boys couldn air smelled bad heard humming sound floor floors pete say wall closed elevator stopped twelfth floor wait tell janie elevator janie coming hall coming meet janie pete elevator found thirteenth floor janie asked boys told stopping floors told wall dark hall show janie felt wall elevator find opened fooling asked janie cross hearts hope die answered pete body think lie told parents asked pete told manager making story
door opened elevator inside small thought boys afraid knew hands killers pete took dave arm pulled turned ran called small took boys ran big room dave stopped turned light hid big pile boxes hearts beating fast hear coming stay close pete elevator door open run run run fast suddenly light re hiding ready pete boys didn look boxes heard walking coming closer rid small wait minute small let tell sure hate kids pete pete pushed hard pile boxes started fall boxes fell knocked floor run pete called dave raced rows boxes
floor policeman talking janie mrs miller listening try think janie boys say found floor don think janie elevator stopped stop asked miller floors janie answered floor asked mrs miller yes janie twelve fourteen miller mean twelve thirteen policeman miller floor twelve numbered fourteen crazier policeman policeman room sign manager policeman knows let find hidden floor policeman policemen started elevators janie mrs miller bellhop watching saw going started running elevator reached elevator door close policemen put foot stopped door closing hidden floor don bellhop going fast asked policeman going bags saw watching listening policeman soon heard going ran elevator
charge gang robbers bring stolen goods pay sell things lot money policeman pointed body robbers wanted money didn going police killed police put handcuffs small hall bellhop pushed switch bring elevator floor large crowd waiting saw police handcuffs started talking policemen turned mrs miller ask boys questions story important station tomorrow miller janie turned pete dave sorry didn believe terrible re saved pete told police thirteenth floor killed playing re mrs miller sure dave hungry pete let dining room miller janie want hear boys tell thank janie
skied tom bolder daring stopping end slide shot riverbank river fun shouted trudging snow tom top slide shot river fred saw tom skiing river tried making run top slide flew snow ice slowed stop took skis started hill shoulders passed jumbles asked told river safe aw safe proved didn answered tom jumbles shook head terry frank stopping end slope tom fred continued taking runs river frank stopped bottom slope rest riverbank watched tom fred slide shooting slope faster tom shot past frank riverbank ice speed carried middle river suddenly sound cracking ice frightened yell tom fallen river
sun rose rebecca climbed spiral stairs put light check weather clear worry thought need bother foghorn suddenly rebecca scared cedar point lifted spyglass alarm saw british war dropping anchor point half mile rebecca watched longboats lowered ship twenty armed swarmed longboat headed swinging oars straight light simmie abigail shouted rebecca rushed spiral stairs ran thinking thinking trying find protect lighthouse suddenly remembered drum fife grandfather fought general washington abigail children played soldier rebecca beat drum abigail played fife rebecca dashed kitchen abigail simmie british coming destroy lighthouse cried simmie fife drum room hurry tell later soon simmie running kitchen carrying fife drum abigail rebecca cried fife play play tune calls fight sister stared explained quickly plan surprise british try fife
sun rose heat licked hungrily yusuf mifleh fell boy fell lay sand desire live strong mifleh fear desert reached thirst panic shook tried shout leave words barely passed parched lips mifleh felt need action rose slowly feet foot touched water bag lying yusuf side surprise felt water move inside opened skin raising lips suddenly understood happened yusuf secretly saved water boy overcome unselfishness tried bring water yusuf mouth hands unsteady precious drops lost sand mifleh gave despair sight vultures roused action large black birds circling overhead dropped clumsily rock yards waiting death boy mifleh took yusuf kerchief tied face protect sun picked yusuf stick stumbled cruel heat
fish water animals part food chain sea plants insects food small fish small fish eaten larger fish turn eaten larger fish sea birds large water animals seals food chain works sea food chain helps kinds animals balance animals kind stay alive prevent kind extinct animals eaten prevent kind numerous danger groups animal balance appeared earth human beings took place food chain ate plants animals increased number human beings turn food creatures living earth animals needed food clothing enemies number animals animals weapons protect natural enemies animals ability think weapons animals escape clubs knives spears nets bows arrows finally guns kill animals places animals killed kinds wildlife began die country indians shot buffalo deer bows arrows
cape codders soon discovered needed grow berries vines needed swampy soil grow cape rich bogs vines covered sand plenty sand ponds cape helpful cranberry vines damaged freezing weather cranberry growers soon learned dig ditches ponds bogs flood bogs water winter course water freezes bogs ice harm vines actually protects freezing winters cape spring water drained bogs carefully grown cranberries tasting wild berries important crop short harvest season september october cape picking berries early days school open cape october children help pick crop picking cranberries hard job help easier quicker clever cape codder thought making cranberry scoop scoop wooden box wooden teeth end scoop pushed vines teeth pull berries fall box picking machines tried scoop widely cranberries grown parts united states
gold found stream bed city fairbanks gold rushes earlier days hurrying region looking quick wealth started city fairbanks gold seekers found gold buried hundred feet ground hundred feet permafrost land frozen round miners searching gold gave turned ways making living mining companies buy machinery dig gold gold mining important regional industries fairbanks half gold mined alaska comes fairbanks region hardest jobs gold mining getting huge machinery region mined removing permafrost takes dig gold bearing layer gravel permafrost removed thawed pipes driven frozen ground water forced pipes thaw permafrost thawed washed hoses gold bearing gravel uncovered dredges moved mining gold mining dredge huge piece machinery jobs end dredge large buckets moving belt
reported sure found fossil eggs rest laughed thing found stuck story curious walk find indifference soon vanished looking dinosaur eggs seen eggs birds eggs skeletons birds found region birds known lived ago small lay large eggs eggs lay deposit dinosaur skeletons hundreds skeletons dinosaurs found parts dinosaur egg scientists thought dinosaurs egg laying reptiles able prove fossil eggs lay ledge proof looking dinosaur eggs members expedition hands knees examined eggs discoverer eggs dug sand inches gently removing sand loose rock uncovered skeleton small dinosaur scientists later discovered kind dinosaur thought trying rob nest skeleton lay inches eggs eggs found region showed bone structure tiny dinosaur shell
plans series camps thousand feet mountain climbers weak stay high altitudes difficulty moving thinking ill effects allowed level move higher level plans complete decided highest camp clearing south col feet camp final teams attempt reach summit expedition party famous climbers sherpas rugged hillmen nepal eager climb success large group summit teams chosen attempt climb top mount everest teams climbers team helped supported small group including climbers carefully selected sherpas south col supporting teams carry supplies equipment high return camp watch summit teams wait receive returned climbers summit team trouble members supporting team help summit team tom bourdillon charles evans climbed mountains sir edmund hillary tenzing team
morning hillary tenzing began final climb scale steep icy slopes move soft snow thin crust snow held weight gave watchful balance hour climbing face face worst problem rock step forty feet high straight smooth handholds mean failure hillary looked getting top step side rock saw ice cornice noticed narrow crack rock cornice tenzing decided climb crack hillary jammed backward space rock cornice held rock inched crack actually climbing backward slowly steadily hillary finally climbed high reach top rock drag wide ledge signaled tenzing slowly wriggled crack resting began ridge beginning tire cutting steps struggling upward hours hillary wondered going suddenly realized ridge ahead longer rising
jamie couldn laugh falling exaggeration sense fall middle blackberry patch sat cross watched tops kids heads hill funny hidden heard talking wasn worth fit jamie friend surely aggravate mean pretending circus dogs instance didn quit tired want stupid jamie crawl barking afternoon funny plain tiresome jamie sat finally wiped tears squeezed corners eyes race creek hopped tore dirt road houses sneaked head start dig catch started beat beat things wasn giving inch help urged legs strides pumped arms sides pulled ahead reached creek scowled teasingly grabbed side head pulled curved leg mine pushed clutched shirt pulled
course heather heather friend tossed golden hair love help let soon street tell jamie think mrs houser yard permission guarded property inch diamond mine didn stomp lawn careful ball control roll lawn screamed wild beast threaten call police threw ball heather missed mile couldn help laughed top hill friends interested helping scrape japanese beetles mrs houser grapevines martha excited let help looking hill house school blocks pointed direction school sure jamie let show martha school looked hill sky don permission looks going rain summer shower blocks martha seen school nice martha didn exactly agree going hard saying jamie
jamie horsing usual share didn matter getting paid jarful wanted waste poking bee hole beetle money pocket quit heather frowned jamie shoved slim willow limb bee hole stung aw re scared bee jamie teased pulled stick bee hole happened bunch heather bees re scared suddenly grand humming noise louder thought bees look yelled bees swarming hole ball fury ran stood stock bees kids arrow formation cartoons kids screaming yelling running home jamie home door mrs houser wanted put dramatic shows screamed gasped fell ground jamie sick twisted lid beetle jar put apples hitchhiking jamie cut jamie backyard avoid bees side house street house looked jamie putting act writhing ground
sat large stone granite mrs mullins glance looked gray looked closely speckledy black white side streaks pink green garden radiant summertime nose smelled sweetness hear colors ears color looked shades green pale yellow green nearly black yellows pale golden orange oranges rust brown pinks reds purples blues favorite bright blue raggedy cornflower felt sorry flower tore night wasn flower fault breathed deeply heaved sigh butterflies darted flower flower bees didn mind bees wasn fault didn jamie allergic hummingbird hovering helicopter zooming fast eye follow sunflowers hung heads sorry jamie dead sorry didn hung heads bloom heavy stand straight end stem sound reached ear glanced sideways arm moving head mrs mullins moving slowly row flowers feet bottom part person knew mrs mullins
supper longer felt disloyal eat miracle brought jamie surprised tasted heard cotton mouth eat upset tasted cubed steak gravy hot delicious tried eat slowly stomach urging grab sight stuff okay father eat smile read mind tried swallow smile okay smile dad jamie want sure truth jamie want sad starving ate servings tired full sleep quickly didn kneel window think jamie wouldn sending signals anymore morning thing saw jamie house looked exactly hundred times loneliness hung martha wasn big popping doors jamie baby eat sleep lie smile suddenly thought blackberries ripe important pick blackberries downstairs mom poured milk cereal put blackberries cereal tomorrow told
took plump berry thumb forefinger full popping juice eased finger let berry stay tongue moment pressed roof mouth let juice trickle throat remember asked jamie mind taste blackberries heard gang playing walked road wished invisible heather red gold hair swirling head hill jamie worried seeing busy playing sling statue games thought jamie dead shook head ashamed easily forget ashamed feet anxious run jump play put basket jamie porch free hand ring bell changing balance foot trying think say answered door martha opened door mama called immediately wasn expecting meant disturb jamie mother opened mouth protest usual lately couldn important words took turns scraping bottom lip top teeth top lip bottom teeth jamie mother
joe stood rock leaning maybe huge lizard think part landscape couldn formed habit eating boys lunch human beings scene joe reminded flying lizard rested top high pile rocks looked rose awful squawk flapped fast boney wings carry joe wondered frightened saw seen wished fly huge dinosaur head seen treetops reared pair short forefeet appeared king dinosaurs fiercest meat eater finished battle mouth bloody eye gored joe shuddered monster turned head peered eye side shudder thing joe knew dinosaur coming trees bulldozer sloshing marsh head turned joe eye disappear joe muttered words gave idea picked rock took aim dinosaur eye threw dinosaur bellow shook forest joe aim
standing target speaking englishmen archers today gathered edge sherwood forest find win gold headed arrow arrow head sparkled sunlight speaker held joe eyes sparkled gazed win trophy home prize past showing friends archers told practice shots start contest joe turn put arrow position pulled bowstring let zing circle bull eye bad stepped archer smiled shot quickly bull eye shouted crowd obliged bull eye arrow hit dead center don miss joe asked weakly fat friar brown robes threw arm archer answered robin hood misses robin hood shoot robin hood joe stammered backing age shoot robin hood joe soon join band joe smiled wouldn win gold headed arrow won compliment robin hood maybe prize
girl seat look president coming box pointed balcony chairs flag hanging box joe saw tall enter box wife couple leaned forward trying face couple front blocked view president sat play ask girl president box sound stupid catch glimpse face later thinking president joe sat enjoy play soon laughing rest audience bang gunshot didn fit happening stage scream president box wild eyed gun hand dagger leaping box leaping falling spur boot snagged flag hanging president box shouting joe strained words peering box lady yelled happened called president answered president lincoln shot shouting doctor doctor house catch killer
mail pink package slip waiting ran window asked mrs dillon postmistress package handed big manila envelope addressed miss adelaide mills corner return address hollywood usa ripped open stood looking photograph ecstatic expression face looks mrs dillon smiling terrific turned photo gotta tore door home promised ten minutes grandma ready send county sheriff look starving child eaten oatmeal leaving house barreled kitchen dumped mail table front dad grandma shouted glory racket grandma roy rogers dad going mail thought left million dollars worth money look held sure looks roy rogers dad sarcastically reason thrilled roy rogers dressed fancy duds grandma admiring photo understood loved horses girl look trigger dad nifty
depend grandma cookies sixty older understood pleasure lot things found exciting home actually spent dad influenced ways realized later disagree fought dad help rough spots easier show affection dad knew hard getting course didn mean let contrary don riding town grandma stay highway remember dad told yes grandma heard knew heart don poison ivy poison sumac yes grandma sure stay bundled yes grandma knew wasn supposed ride town carla mae anyway important stake fall bouquets important annual adventure bring cattails milkweed pods bittersweet thistles red gold leaves special artistic arrangements
carla mae located rest things wanted spotted poison oak poison sumac successfully avoided home lunch hot soup house grandma admiring things collected big cattails place hope didn grandma looking carefully carla mae interested soup moments finished living room floor making artistic arrangements careful discuss morning adventure grandma sharp knew catch quickly grandma seventy hard fool forgot tried put sure caught grandma wore faded house dresses indian moccasins stockings runs dustcap hair thick glasses sliding nose appeared disheveled lady knew knew tender loving stubborn domineering full fire fire applied seat pants younger eleven getting tall big spank grandma shade feet
rehnquist afternoon leaned bike front porch didn knock door couldn accuse disturbing thought saw watching curtains barn treasure standing quietly stall munching hay brought carrots sugar showed talked let bit found brush started fidgety finally settled enjoy groomed school weekend afternoons told folks going bike riding partly true carla mae wasn interested horses afraid rehnquist eventually stopped coming swore secret rehnquist barn knew saw hang wasn going kill left pretty arranged nice tack room barn treasure things brushes liniment saddle bridle treasure saddled walked barn acquainted rode farther faster galloping roy rogers
care treasure home decided tell story grandma learned system tell grandma let help break things dad basement weekly laundry job help put clothes wringer rinse tubs hot rinse cold rinse wring hang line apron bag full clothespins machine agitator chugging noise decided sounded late late late laugh chant washing grandma fish steaming hot clothes machine stick hold bare hands start wringer burned took hold pulled side barely touch juggled hand hand flipped rinse tub today didn feel laughing sound machine sensed wrong began tell story worked grandma surprised things carla mae supposed riding town going rehnquist place riding horse
drove rehnquist farm asked wait house walked drawing rehnquist hanging wall pretty sure wouldn minded took looked room tried fix mind remember things grandma asked dad hold picture barn treasure hear dad grandma talking quietly saddled treasure james grandma don sell horse don start mother horse maybe haskell barn wouldn charge going eat table scraps manage save household money grandma manage save household money put coal bill grandma sigh suppose re guess horse matters knows left began love james asked dad sounding surprised yes think grandma don daughter james lot love give
short sharp sound crackled suddenly morning sparkle ocean smeared red cry water high hurt cry baby pain blast shattered sunlight jo saw ragtail red horrible piece blown flesh hung air dropped float bobbing sea cry peep peep peep jo swung smiley don smiley taking careful aim rifle butt gleamed black sun jo saw look face hey think re smiley shout gramps wheelhouse folly swung sharply port pulled wheel smiley clinging rail hold thing steady fool yelled jo saw silver shadows dolphin water diving deep trying boat bullet shoot water powerful smiley gun smiley crouched barrel gun leaning rail jo saw face don whispered rushed forward throwing gun smiley lost balance grabbed rail rifle flew hands lay deck close jo foot picked smiley glared hide give rifle butt warm sun maybe smiley grasp
silence hang folly bitter brooding silence smiley strange frightened silence gramps jo couldn stand look listening waiting fishing boat drifted aimlessly carried gently current passed slowly jo gramps sat bulkhead drank cup cup coffee tongue ocean gramps worst part devil triangle canyon sea hundred fathoms keel valley water submarine canyon call yeah gramps knew lot neat things listen crazy stuff sooner later mermaids known monsters seen jo believed stories real anymore lot friends laughed gramps touched foreheads talked bugged jo loved gramps care parents died knew loved bit ashamed pretty bad ashamed gramps john peters gramps biggest liar unhung bopped
jo thought folly fire hidden smoky haze white drifting flames fire start fast buster yelled look sea happening laura lee water calm folly pulled tow rope water whipped angry waves hey buster tim voice faintly wheelhouse jo saw face blurry white glass hand beckoned buster ran gramps jo tim pointed big compass crazy needle spinning fast dazzle silver buster hit flat hand heard tell meteorite bottom muttered uncertainly tim bit thumb nail dad saw compass spin st lawrence river kingston big deposits iron ore puts compasses whack meteorite gramps iron deposit mist folly dark thick boat disappeared beneath buster pulled big red hailer took stern ahoy bellowed aboard smiley folly hear answer smiley words suddenly loud laura lee engine stopped hear sea boiling folly hear bubbling geyser blow
saw small island johnny throttled boat moved slowly heading shore suddenly fishing boat hit slight bump clank asked eddie hit submerged rock johnny spun wheel turning boat guess damage look eddie rock sticking water johnny quickly spun wheel sure wasn bear island benson island rocks bear island water close shore deep shallow chugged island slide water bright clear karen sat deck looking rail fish goes jellyfish bear island ahead johnny called big close mainland circle island spot cabin grandfather island karen asked eddie don looking gold answered karen found vein side hill mined island asked karen land mainland island asked eddie rowboat mine karen
cabin eddie grandfather buried gold silly karen wasn gold buried don think money gold ore let inside cabin suggested ron shoved door creaked open exclaimed karen stepped eddie ron crowded bunk corner room indian lay bunk raised elbow fell pillow sick cried karen hurt leg whispered indian johnny gasped eddie turned ran boat soon boys returned johnny aid kit looked indian charlie johnny goodfire nodded johnny turned friends charlie redfoot known charlie canoe maker friend grandfather carefully johnny pulled blanket looked leg care felt injury indian grunted pain put weight johnny asked weak whispered charlie canoe maker hurt pretty bad johnny broken karen looking cabin neat clean lone cupboard nearly empty food karen sure bet stand eat
soon charlie canoe maker eating octopus stew hungrily johnny enjoy rest taste settled fish sandwiches fruit charlie sampled karen cookies feel lot fell awhile limp cabin ran food weak couldn bed island asked karen making dugout canoe charlie trees red cedar ron need kind tree bright boy charlie canoes red cedar wood lost art days finished canoe asked johnny charlie takes chop tree split log hollow char fire shape red hot stones water finally carve sea lion bow piece sand paint charlie makes canoes johnny re graceful king salmon flat wide middle tapering curved ends karen listening turned diary envelope dropped unsealed read letter inside widening eyes says money buried raven hill grandfather going mail family guess died chance
dark cave deep earth miner lamp hard hat cave explorer ready emergency darkness feel snap pack open hard identify things pack touch easier find want feel pack candle matches candle give light miner lamp miner lamp reflector focuses strong beam light find candle matches light candle expecting dim light bright cave farthest wall light light rocks floor learning activity unit learn light travels learn light reflected absorbed beam light travel straight line circle zigzag observed travels light light investigation look evidence evidence check think help describe put slide holder centimetre cm mark optical bench
seen light travels straight path happens light path able answer question things seen answer change put kinds things path going check ideas try block beam light materials compare effect materials light place slide holders optical bench cm mark cm mark cm mark put light source cm mark put translucent screen cm mark connect light source volt battery look translucent screen slip lens slide holder cm mark lens light forms bright spot screen lamp light lamp pass screen expect light pass piece clear plastic put plastic square slide holder translucent screen lens screen light pass plastic tell looking screen remove wire lead battery pick clear plastic square trace outline square black construction paper
investigation helped build model reflection light simple model helped understand light acts hits surface investigation build model predictions light acts remember learn investigation small part light acts asked predictions light react surfaces put bumper bar side box bottom sure uneven side bar side box finger hold bar side box try pushing steel sphere bumper bar try pushing steel sphere bar points watch closely happens study diagram predict happen push steel sphere points diagram push sphere bar point happens try pushing sphere point thing points record happens case predict happen bouncing steel sphere smooth surface happen bounce sphere uneven surface turn bar smooth side side box read steps
re scenes music concert minutes concert ready start musicians getting instruments ready play look things instruments screws turned tighten head drum screws turned guitars violins screws changing amount strings stretched saxophone reed mouth reed soft put mouthpiece instrument girl flute working instrument holding hands rapidly moving fingers holes flute exercising fingers football player warms game trombone player pulled instrument part shaped tube oiled afer oiled instrument put player tests sliding tube quickly change length tube forms instrument purpose activities guess affect sounds instruments play instrument sounds affected activities learning activity unit investigate activities investigations understanding goes screens concert
sounds train whistles horns called toots sounds train whistles horns alike sounds making air tube vibrate trumpets french horns trombones flutes clarinets saxophones tubes air vibrates ways air vibrate air vibrate horns blowing tightly stretched lips flute air blown open hole clarinets saxophones reeds air vibrate tubes investigation find change pitch wind instruments help musical instruments played need test tube rack cut milk carton supply area going investigation cut side milk carton shown lay carton side open side facing cut holes top carton holes big fit test tubes remember sizes investigation blow gently open end test tube blow harder blowing harder effect pitch sound blow harder stand large test tubes test tube rack graduate pour water tubes fill tubes shown
seen movie lately remember things music speak movie kinds sounds movie answered yes questions modern movies sound sound record tape recording stored movie film movie seen light projected film light passes easily parts film parts film block part light areas light shadow form pictures screen differences light sound light passing film investigation study light record reproduce sound film unscrew cap center terminal dry cell slip motor bracket terminal screw cap tightly clip wire motor terminal dry cell connect wire examine solar cell solar cell light energy electrical energy earphones change electrical energy sound put earphone ear connect earphone solar cell hear static connection hold solar cell bright sunshine bright light solar cell making electricity electricity goes earphone
apes relax large animal research center georgia apes rest watch television apes bananas tv doctor geoffrey bourne head center scientists observe animals learn play says apes don tv shows hard apes understand tv excellent eyesight love lot movement prefer shows lots action ape named bobby jumps throws things set sees fistfight tv western dr bourne showed center walked past row cages morning wendy morning soda apes looked doctor quick sign recognition watching tv didn want distracted program watching television apes getting bored working research doctors lead tv actors soon saying word chimpanzees audience ape cover gigantic animal loose big city picks frightened tosses crushes death fierce creature king kong famous gorilla
journey train early slow today standards likely bumpy dusty exciting childhood memories railroad station small quiet town beulah michigan scrubbed dressed attire wait eagerly sound train whistle hear clear haunting whistle train peek curve swing platform amid smoking hissing conductor call aboard scramble steps car aisle search seats faced train started moving clouds smoke steam whip past windows high point summit travel experience taking night train sleeping pullman car brother squeeze berth narrow lie backs slip pants wiggle pajamas snuggle beneath covers big pullman swayed sleep splendid wonder moment arrived home anxiously looked forward train trip promontory knew town utah promontory focus nation attention final tracks laid cross country railroad
mississippi river low dark stormy night tense wet perspiration george ealer riverboat pilot began worst part difficult crossing felt nerves farther rough journey ealer saw shadow doorway knew pilot board let wheel ealer stepped steadied steamboat turn ealer sighed relief hold boat minutes asked ealer need cup coffee replied night watchman saw ealer drinking coffee asked wheel ealer pilothouse yelled watchman ran peered doorway pilothouse saw unattended wheel steamer whistling river sight ealer grabbed wheel miss sandbar don walks sleep laughed watchman awake asleep piece piloting mississippi river replied ealer spend lives asleep scientists studying brain learn happens sleep scientists tell stages sleep stage brain behaves differently body
hans hugger pumped dangerous cargo tanker trailer factory underground storage tanks sighed relief cargo acetone flammable liquid catches fire easily gasoline warning foot high flame shot trailer pipe hans dashed rear plunged arm flames turned valve stop acetone flowing didn notice burns arm interested stopping fire spreading spite efforts escaping acetone set rear end truck fire hans couldn leave burning trailer factory yard ignite storage tanks blown sky high hans swung driver seat started engine send fire trucks yelled roared minutes later hans glanced rearview mirror ten foot high flames rising drove faster flames flattened knew speed friend terrible minutes moving crowded streets praying path wouldn blocked beginning lose hope fire engine overtook minutes blaze nightmare end dangerous leave paint rags piled corner rags catch fire match fire starts oxygen air mixes chemicals paint rags
control tower flight re collision course flight drop altitude immediately crash message surprised pilot flight looked dials front instantly thought blue plane slowly dropped leveled re control tower voice conversation possibly place changing altitude things future pilots able lifting finger scientists studying connect person brain waves workings airplane idea works pilots taught code system names colors possibly matched plane actions pilot able save precious seconds thinking code words pressing buttons turning dials thought message quickly electrodes pilot helmet computer electronically controls plane charmed tiny hand held computer called pocket calculator heart space age wonder tiny brain bigger baby fingernail capable solving simple complex number problems brain programmed electronic instructions number problem asked program brain engineers draw plans plans look maps thousands roadways dead ends crossroads
joni mitchell look act superstar successful singers today plays guitar sings soft gentle style voice unbelievably wide range sing high notes low notes able sing types music folk jazz young girl canadian born joni mitchell taught play guitar played ms mitchell planned career painter graduated high school attended art classes soon left try luck singer wrote song riding train east toronto canada hoped find job ballad simple song tells story tune listening rhythmic clanking train wheels ms mitchell ideas songs emotion songs express feelings love loneliness writing recording hit songs feels growing music says feel front thirty ago band cut record afternoon singer musicians recording studio play songs home thing knew songs album today average takes record months
aunt polly tom school warm afternoon enjoyed arrived home late help jim negro boy cut wood jim tom told afternoon tom younger brother sid part quiet boy trouble tom eating supper stealing sugar aunt polly asked questions afternoon afraid tom school carefully planned trap questions tom wasn warm school afternoon yes aunt polly warm wasn yes didn want swimming tom asked aunt tom felt frightened looked aunt polly angry lady reached hand felt tom shirt warm declared interest tom planned say aunt ask questions put water heads mine wet didn open shirt sewed put water head unbutton coat let tom opened coat showed lady shirt sewed
jim negro boy walking gate pail hand getting water interested tom remembered boys say jim water whitewash tom jim shook head master tom missus told water stop fool mind says jim talks give pail won minute won master tom missus skin jim beats talks lot talk don hurt don hurt don cry give marble jim give white marble cried tom jim began think white marble jim rate look tom showed jim marble mighty marble tell master tom afraid missus show sore toe jim put pail bent toe interest unwrapped aunt polly stick hand moment jim flying street pail tom whitewashing fence speed tom
tom passing house jeff thatcher lived saw girl garden lovely blue eyed creature golden hair wore pretty blue summer dress matched eyes tom heart forget amy lawrence thought loved months win amy week ago told liked happiest boy week minute heart stranger tom looked beautiful girl knew discovered pretended began show sorts boyish ways foolishness glanced saw girl walking house tom ran fence watched hoping stay awhile longer stopped moment steps moved door tom heart grew sad reached handle face brightened tossed flower fence disappeared tom ran stopped flower looked street watching picked straw tried balance end nose
tom sid bed half past night usual prayers soon sid asleep tom lay awake waited nearly daylight heard clock strike ten waiting hard bear wanted roll bed afraid wake sid lay looked dark quiet stillness soft noises heard ticking clock began bring notice sound stairs spirits walking heard aunt polly talking sleep howl dog rose night air answered howl farther tom lie quietly fly soon fell asleep clock struck eleven hear dreams tom heard meow cat sound window raised cry devil tom awake heard crash empty bottle hitting woodshed minute clothes window moved slowly roof room meowed jumped roof shed ground
moon injun joe standing doctor groaned times score settled indian took things doctor pockets put bloody knife potter open hand sat coffin minutes passed potter began stir groan hand closed knife raised looked let fall cry sat pushing body looked eyes met joe happened joe cried bad business joe moving look kind talk won potter trembled grew white didn think drunk business drink tonight head worse started mixed remember tell joe honest fellow joe meant soul honor meant joe tell joe awful young fighting hit board fell flat knife struck hit awful blow put
whispering soon dog started howl ten feet boys threw arms fear mean asked huck don look crack quick tom huck tom lord thankful whispered tom voice dog tell tom mighty fearful thought sure lost dog dog howled boys hearts fell dog look tom tom shaking fear put eye crack able whisper huck lost dog quick tom mean die huck mean tom guess re mistake die bad comes staying school fellow told sid tried wouldn course live sunday schools tears eyes bad huck began wipe tears eyes re pie lordy lordy wish half chance
quiet bed talking tossing turning sighing sleep tom moved slowly rose bed stood candle hand looking heart full pity took bark pocket laid table interesting thought mind quickly returned bark pocket bent kissed lightly lips moved quietly door tom ferryboat finding walked vessel knew watchman asleep hear untied small boat stepped pushed worked boat mile upstream turned landing river hit landing planned pulled point thought taking boat pirate knew look boat lead island stepped ashore entered woods sat took rest trying hard awake started shore daylight found island sand bar
ran tripping branches vines dark strong rush wind roared trees making sing flash light frightening roar thunder heavy rain fell wind drove sheets ground boys cried heard storm moved hands knees tent cold frightened wet bone talk heard cry wind storm grew stronger stronger suddenly sail began tear loose carried night boys seized hands ran oak tree riverbank flash light bending trees rolling river driving rain giant tree fell crashing ground frightening thunder shake earth pieces finally wind grew stronger tear island bits blow wild night frightened boys home storm boys camp found thankful giant tree stood tent struck lightning fell
sunday school church bell began ring slowly morning air told funeral soon start village began gather stopping hall minute talk whispers sad event whispering church sound moving seats broke silence soon aunt polly stepped sadly sid mary harper family dressed black tearful hearts rose stood members boys families seated front part church silence broken deep sighs minister slowly bowed head prayed mournful song minister began preach spoke poor lost boys told goodness fine ways bright futures feel ashamed seen faults boys kind sweet lads hearts gold told deeds easily beautiful deeds remembered sorrow wanted whip boys sadder sadder minister talked tears rolled slowly cheeks broke cried loudly minister weeping front
suppose dropped pencil floor want pick easy thing accomplish thought difficulty simple action dozens voluntary muscles locate pencil requires move eyes turn head brought pencil view bend reach pencil grasp straighten dozens voluntary muscles bring motions order futile attempt grasp pencil bent bring hand reach clearly controlling motions muscles movements muscles controlled brain works system nerves distributed body brain nerves body nervous system brain occupies upper half skull largest part brain called cerebrum consists deeply wrinkled hemispheres nerve tissue hemisphere side head conscious activities controlled cerebrum enables remember perceive things solve problems understand meanings short think thanks highly developed cerebrum intelligent animals skull covered cerebrum cerebellum
aware means senses centuries believed human beings senses sight hearing touch smell taste modern scientists added list senses pressure heat cold pain steps process sensing stimulus acts nerves sense organs nerve impulses sense organ travel brain brain impulses interpreted feeling sensation instance stick finger needle nerve endings skin finger stimulated send impulses brain interprets impulses pain important note brain interprets impulses pain pain felt brain finger sense organ organs sight eyes human eye shaped ball inch diameter eye surrounded tough white protective covering front eye transparent circular portion covering transparent portion space filled clear liquid space circular tissue hole tissue called iris hole pupil iris colored part eye edge iris pupil ring tiny muscles sensitive light
learned blood carries nourishment cells tissues nourishment comes food eat certainly food form put mouths carried blood food form enables nourish tissues greatly changed process change called digestion mouth esophagus gullet stomach small intestine large intestine form continuous tube thirty feet called alimentary canal food passes alimentary canal process digestion liver pancreas large glands important digestion food alimentary canal glands body digestive system constituents food starch food starch chewed saliva mouth brings chemical change starch result change starch kind sugar easy body nourishment cells substance saliva food form body called enzyme enzymes secreted glands saliva secreted saliva glands roof floor mouth starch digested mouth fats proteins main constituents food digested farther alimentary canal food digested mouth part alimentary canal swallowed food broken small pieces
true nervous dreadfully nervous say mad disease sharpened senses destroyed dulled sense hearing acute heard things heaven earth heard things hell mad hearken observe healthily calmly tell story impossible say idea entered brain conceived haunted night object passion loved wronged insult gold desire think eye yes eyes resembled vulture pale blue eye film fell blood ran cold degrees gradually mind rid eye point fancy mad madmen seen seen wisely proceeded caution foresight dissimulation kinder week killed night midnight turned latch door opened gently
boy fifteen tried stand straight heard news inside black wasn couldn endure pain summer put stone hot fire flesh stand winter sit icy river indian father smoking bank strong hardship father effect thing boy couldn tell days word reaching indian village lenni lenape shawanose give white prisoners moment boy dream meant remember cuyloga father eleven past adopted place son dead yellow vomit told father words took white blood put indian blood place white thoughts meanness wiped brave thoughts indian put stead true son blood cuyloga flesh flesh eleven lived native village tuscarawas full member family
tom reached isolated frame schoolhouse strode briskly manner honest speed hung hat peg flung seat businesslike alacrity master throned high splint bottom arm chair dozing lulled drowsy hum study interruption roused thomas sawyer tom knew pronounced full meant trouble sir sir late usual tom refuge lie saw tails yellow hair hanging recognized electric sympathy love form vacant place girls side schoolhouse instantly stopped talk huckleberry finn master pulse stood stared helplessly buzz study ceased pupils wondered foolhardy boy lost mind master stopped talk huckleberry finn mistaking words thomas sawyer astounding confession listened mere ferule answer offense jacket master arm performed tired stock switches notably diminished order sir sit girls let warning titter rippled room appeared abash boy reality result caused worshipful awe unknown idol dread pleasure lay high fortune
end hampton confronted difficulty students home spend vacation money home days students permitted remain school vacation feel sad homesick students preparing leave starting home money home gotten hold extra secondhand coat thought pretty valuable coat decided sell order money travelling expenses deal boyish pride tried hide students fact money known town hampton coat sell deal persuading coloured promised room look coat consider matter buying cheered drooping spirits considerably early morning prospective customer appeared looking garment carefully asked wanted told thought worth dollars agree price remarked matter fact tell coat pay cents cash pay rest money soon
walking camp swamp sam wondered tell father seen thing going pond tomorrow tell father saw today want sure idea sam eleven beaver strong age black hair dark eyes indian sam walked indian putting foot straight front making noise swamp traveling wild place trail boggy underfoot walking difficult minutes sam took compass pocket checked course sure headed westerly direction canada big place wilderness lost woods swamps western canada matter trudged boy mind full wonder seen seen nest trumpeter swan sam found lonely pond spring seen white birds white necks black bills seen feel felt wild pond presence enormous swans
spring nest building uppermost bird mind important thing picks place stands chance hatching eggs rearing young picks poor place fail raise family female swan knew knew decision making extremely important swans investigated upper end pond stream flowed slowly pleasant reeds bulrushes red winged blackbirds busy nesting part pond pair mallard ducks courting swans swam lower end pond marsh woods side deer meadow lonely shore point land extended pond sandy strip peninsula tip feet water tiny island bigger dining table small tree grew island rocks ferns grasses look exclaimed female swam round ko hoh replied husband liked ask advice swan stepped cautiously island spot order nesting place male swan floated close watching snooped found pleasant spot ground
swan laid eggs felt satisfied gazed proudly settled nest eggs warm carefully reached bill poked egg spot receive heat body cob cruised close company protect enemies knew fox prowled woods heard barking nights hunting days passed swan sat quietly eggs nights passed sat sat giving warmth eggs disturbed boy inside egg happening couldn swan taking shape weeks days grew longer nights grew shorter rainy swan sat let rain dear husband cob afternoon find duties onerous irksome tire sitting place position covering eggs diversions pleasures escapades capers suffer boredom replied wife uncomfortable sit eggs yes replied wife put amount discomfort sake bringing young swans
end summer cob gathered family announcement children began news summer drawing close leaves turning red pink pale yellow soon leaves fall leave pond cried cygnets louis certainly replied father children learn facts principal fact stay marvelous location longer cried cygnets louis summer cob swans leave nesting site summer end travel south milder place food supply fond pretty pond marvelous marsh reedy shores restful retreats found pleasant amusing learned dive swim underwater enjoyed daily recreational trips formed line front swimming gracefully locomotive charming mother bringing rear caboose daylong listened learned avoided odious otter cruel coyote listened owl says heard partridge say night dropped sleep sound frogs voices night
days swans arrived winter home red rock lakes louis idea decided unable voice learn read write defective respect try develop lines learn read write hang small slate neck carry chalk pencil able communicate read louis liked company friends lakes place refuge water birds swans geese ducks waterfowl lived safe place water stayed warm coldest winter weather louis greatly admired ability swimmer liked compete cygnets swim underwater greatest distance stay longest louis fully mind learning read write decided visit sam beaver help thought louis sam let school teacher show write idea excited wondered young swan accepted classroom children wondered hard learn read wondered find sam montana big wasn sure sam lived montana hoped
morning sam took louis school sam rode pony louis flew schoolhouse children amazed bird neck bright eyes big feet sam introduced teacher grade mrs hammerbotham short fat sam explained louis wanted read write unable sound throat mrs hammerbotham stared louis shook head birds trouble sam looked disappointed mrs hammerbotham let stand class learn read write bird need read write replied teacher need communicate true mrs hammerbotham sam excuse saying watched birds animals deal birds animals talk order mothers talk young males talk females spring love love mrs hammerbotham perk suggestion love sam blushed kind bird asked young trumpeter swan sam sort dirty gray color beautiful thing saw pure white black bill black feet
flying easy tried fly trumpet dangling neck slate flapping wind chalk pencil bouncing end string hard louis realized advantages traveling light possessions clinging strong flier slate chalk pencil trumpet important reached ranch sam lived circled glided walked barn found sam grooming pony look exclaimed sam look traveling salesman stuff neck glad louis propped slate pony stall trouble wrote matter asked sam trumpet trouble wrote louis father stole gave voice trumpet paid sam whistled teeth led pony stall tied sat bale hay stared bird finally money problem unusual money problem need job save earnings money saved father pay stole trumpet
camp kookooskoos small lake deep woods ontario summer cottages lake outboard motors roads cars rushing wilderness lake boys beaver left sam louis end dirt road finished journey camp canoe sam sat stern paddled louis stood bow looked straight ahead camp consisted big log cabin ate tents boys counselors slept dock front privy woods closed bare spot tennis court plenty canoes trips lakes forty boys sam canoe grounded sandy beach camp dock louis stepped ashore wearing slate chalk pencil trumpet twenty boys rushed landing going believe eyes hey look boys yelled bird cried look size crowded louis wanting close look camper sam push boys louis getting crushed easy sam implored evening supper director camp brickle built big campfire front main lodge
louis liked sleep lake night blowing taps waddle sandy beach dock removed slate chalk pencil trumpet hid bush shoved water soon afloat tuck head wing doze think home parents think serena beautiful loved pretty soon fast asleep daylight swim ashore eat light breakfast water plants put things climb flat rock blow reveille boys hearing trumpet wake rush dock swim breakfast supper night campers play volleyball louis loved game couldn hop fast boys reach neck poke ball air net hard ball past louis return shot boys chose sides start game louis chosen boys loved camp ontario learned handle canoe learned swim sam beaver took nature walks taught sit quietly log observe wild creatures birds
cold night high tower cold light coming going fog horn calling calling raveling mist couldn couldn plain deep sea moving night earth flat quiet color gray mud high tower ripple wave rising bubble bit froth surface cold sea head large head dark colored immense eyes neck body neck head rose full forty feet water slender beautiful dark neck body island black coral shells crayfish drip subterranean flicker tail head tip tail estimated monster ninety hundred feet don steady boy steady whispered mcdunn impossible johnny re impossible ten million ago changed land changed impossible swam slowly dark majesty icy waters fog momentarily erasing shape
enter silence city clock misty evening november put feet buckling concrete walk step grassy seams hands pockets silences leonard mead dearly loved stand corner intersection peer moonlit avenues sidewalk directions deciding difference final decision path selected stride sending patterns frosty air smoke cigar walk hours miles return midnight house cottages homes dark windows unequal walking graveyard faintest glimmers firefly light appeared flickers windows sudden gray phantoms manifest room walls curtain undrawn night whisperings murmurs window tomb building open leonard mead pause cock head listen look march feet making noise lumpy walk ago wisely changed sneakers strolling night dogs intermittent squads parallel journey barkings wore hard heels lights click faces entire street startled passing lone figure early november evening
bought silly things bags lemon candy glossy women magazines fragile perfumes walked town rented belted jackets refused recognize gravity imitated moth touched delicate controls felt whispered white blossom petals town leonora let wind blow let wind night summer apple trees night warm preparation lovely town houses childhood days schools avenues creeks meadows farms familiar grain wheat golden coin blew leaves blow threat fire wind warning whispers summer lightning crackling folded hills saw milk dust country roads ago drifted moonlit helicopters whorls sound spiraling touch cool night streams young floated immense sigh town remote space earth town receding black river coming tidal wave lights color ahead untouchable dream smeared eyes nostalgia panic memory began thing blown quietly eddying gazed secretly hundred faces dear friends leaving lamplit held framed windows slid wind breathing
ramirez looked huge kitchen bright silver cutlery young eating shining waxed floor turned looked moment apartment house door rising stories high beautiful looked balconies fire escapes porch stairs lines laundry snapping wind tenant mrs brian thank thank mrs brian softly closed eyes mrs brian stood holding door half open sons dinner getting cold shook head turned ramirez remembered visit mexican border towns hot days endless crickets leaping falling lying dead brittle small cigars shopwindows canals taking river water farms dirt roads scorched scape remembered silent towns warm beer hot thick foods remembered slow dragging horses parched jack rabbits road remembered iron mountains dusty valleys ocean beaches spread hundreds miles sound waves cars buildings sure sorry ramirez don want mrs brian weakly want stay worked money
big poe bat cheered picked bat hand toothpick idled plate laid bat thick shoulder smiling polished surface stands colored women sat fresh flowery cream dresses stirring legs hung seat intervals crisp sticks ginger hair fancily spun hung ears big poe looked dainty chicken bone shape girl friend katherine beds hotel cottages morning tapped door bird politely asked dreaming clean nightmares bring fresh batch thank yoah big poe shook head looking couldn believe turned hand balancing bat left hand dangling free side await trial pitches hissed past spatted open mouth catcher mitt hurled umpire grunted pitch starter big poe let ball announced umpire big poe winked white folks bang cried umpire ball
bed pull curtains fling open windows heart bigger warm mountain air cora feeling young girl wrinkled dress sat bed early sun barely horizon birds stirring pines ten billion red ants milled free bronze hills cabin door cora husband tom slept bear snowy hibernation bedclothes heart wake wondered knew special benjy coming imagined leaping green meadows fording streams spring pushing cool colors moss clear water sea saw shoes dusting flicking stony roads paths saw freckled face high sun looking giddily body distant hands flying benjy thought opening window swiftly wind blew hair gray spider web cold ears benjy iron bridge meadow pike creek path field missouri mountains benjy cora blinked strange high hills tom drove horse wagon town thirty ago wanted run forever saying tom let drive drive reach sea
night watchman knee taps hand palm illustrating points look ago clapped hands hundred cities jumped added half thousand nations states peoples religions political setups inside barbed wire fence trouble wind spaces kind trouble fence squabbles riots invisible wars trouble died want didn wouldn sitting freezing night music thinks moves hand air playing proper beautiful music background tell boston joined trinidad says softly part trinidad poking lisbon part lisbon leaning alexandria alexandria tacked shanghai lot pegs nails chattanooga oshkosh oslo sweet water soissons beirut bombay port arthur shoot york stumbles forward drops dead athens political bribe chicago london goes jail hang negro alabama hungary bury dead jews poland clutter streets sydney portland tokyo
cold dark morning washed face warm water heater working cold water heater working shaved carefully talking wife kitchen fixing ham eggs pancakes morning clock driving parking car big yard parked cars sun coming colors sky morning orange blue violet red yellow clear color water white rock mornings breath air mornings sun rising knocked fist side green truck driver smiling saying hello climb side truck drive city streets place started stopped black coffee warmness began meant jumped front house picked garbage cans brought took lids knocked bin edge orange peels cantaloupe rinds coffee grounds fall thump begin fill empty truck
course going clock run going suitcase packed shoes shined hair brushed expressly washed ears remained stairs front door street small town station train stop fox hill illinois left past iowa kansas california small boy twelve birth certificate valise show born forty ago willie called voice belowstairs yes hoisted suitcase bureau mirror saw face june dandelions july apples warm summer morning milk look angel innocent change called woman voice stairs grunting smiling living room sat anna steve clothes painfully neat cried willie parlor door anna looked going cry lord leaving willie beginning talk willie quietly begin talk put shoes buy railway ticket
king uther gathered army marched duke pitched tents castle terrabil laid siege assault fierce defense killed side gain advantage uther fell sick anger frustration longing fair igraine noble knight sir ulfius uther tent asked nature illness tell king sick anger love medicines lord sir ulfius search merlin wizard wise clever brew remedy heart glad sir ulfius rode look merlin merlin wise subtle strange secret powers prophecy deceptions ordinary obvious called magic merlin knew winding channels human mind aware simple open receptive mystified merlin delighted mystery chance searching knight sir ulfius ragged beggar path asked sought knight accustomed questioned deign reply ragged laughed need tell looking merlin look merlin
holy service knights barons rode field joust armored riding single combat seeking unhorse opponent joined tourney military sport chosen groups armed mounted engaged general melee sports knights barons hard practiced war won honor renown bravery expertness horse shield lance sword barons knights fighting happened sir ector lord lands nearby london rode jousting son sir kay knight allhallows young arthur reared sir ector house sir kay foster brother rode jousting field sir kay discovered forgotten sword father lodging asked young arthur ride gladly arthur turned horse galloped bring foster brother sword lodging found empty locked jousting arthur angry ride churchyard sword sticking stone want brother sir kay sword today
lady court simplicity war mild active fellowship french kings withdrawn remained realm england accepted arthur king war fellowship love avoided thinking leisure troubled uncertain dreamed dream frightened arthur believed dreams important dreamed dragons serpents crawled slithered land killing burning crops harvest fiery breaths dreamed fought sick futility stung burned wounded fought end killed drove rest arthur awakened dream lay heavily black foreboding darkened dream cast gathered knights followers rode hunt forest soon king started stag set spurs horse gave chase chase quality dream number times cast spear stag draw urge kill drove horse past exhaustion stumbled foundered fell dead stag escaped
merlin saw damsel nyneve sir pellinore brought court knew fate heart swelled boy heart aged breast desire overcame knowledge merlin wanted nyneve foreseen pursued wishes let rest nyneve power besotted merlin traded company magic arts damsels lady lake schooled wonders merlin knew happening knew fatal end help heart doted damsel lake king arthur told spoke end spoke king things instructed meet future warned guard sword excalibur scabbard stolen trust merlin enemies merlin miss wish advice give kingdom understanding king wisest alive preparing plan save
king arthur knights quartered forest search quarry king sir uryens sir accolon gaul started fine stag gave chase horsed knew ten miles rest fellowship proud high antlered stag drew whip spur pushed foaming horses tangled undergrowth treacherous bogs leaped streams fallen trees overdrove mounts foundered horses fell heaving ground bloody bits rowel stripes sides knights footbound watched stag move wearily pretty thing arthur miles help sir uryens haven choice foot look place lodge wait help walked heavily oak forest bank deep wide river bank lay exhausted stag ringed hounds brachet tearing throat king arthur scattered hounds killed stag raised hunting horn sounded death call prize knights look smooth dark water saw ship covered silken cloth hung sides dipped water boat moved silently bank grounded sandy shallows nearby
moment ugly dwarf thick lips flat nose forest saluted sir accolon morgan le fay dwarf spell settled knight greets bids strong hearted tomorrow morning fight knight loves sends sword excalibur scabbard says love fight mercy promised private expect king head proof fulfilled oath sir accolon deep enchanted understand promise excalibur lady ago dwarf accolon rapture embraced ugly dwarf kissed greet lady tell promise die attempt understand ship sleep lady arranged true believe sir dwarf slipped forest left accolon dreaming silver fountain soon knight accompanied lady squires begged accolon manor nearby dine rest accolon accepted planned morgan le fay lord manor sir outlake lay wounded spear thrust thigh
fierce duke sons mounted single file duke bore impact marhalt raised spear took shock shield duke spear shattered sons lost reins horse swerved stopped postern gate aimed spear center marhalt shield missed fourth charging horse stumbled pitched head spear buried earth mighty contact spear driven backward hand tearing leather saddle sixth struck true spear shattered charge sir marhalt raised spear insultingly strike marhalt looked wall lady stood watching saw covered face scarf shoulders shook ready sir marhalt brought spear laziness stripped saddles anger rose rode fallen duke dismounted sir duke forced fight yield die bruised sons forward drawn swords duke cried fools father killed duke knees offered sword pommel sons crept kneeled
giant shambling run raising club roaring delighted rage marhalt looked quickly ground rolling stones waited giant feet ducked jumped left tree trunk arm razor sword leaped upright sliced tendon arm arm bent backward club fell ground taulurd looked astonished ruined arm blood pumping spurts severed artery suddenly giant burst tears cried hurt frightened child shambled river waded continued head showed surface stood reach gibbering moaning water reddened pumping blood marhalt stood bank giant water depth poor thing killed things sadly sorry taulurd quicker picked round stone water edge cast huge head giant dodged stone splashed ear marhalt cast missed stone struck forehead staring red eyes taulurd sank quickly open mouth burst bubbles rose bloody surface river
forded broad shallow river sun rose backs open country climbed gorsy hills hills hills rocky country hold night darkness sheep raised heads watched chewing dropped heads graze ridgetop dark shepherd watched jealously tousled dog asking master wishes whining softly anticipation ewain asked approach stingers lady silent morning horse slowed steps hillside showed impatience pick mount lad irritably hills won permitted rest midday watering freshet tumbled downhill midafternoon climbed slope pocket top cup hidden birds low stone buildings crouching wind roofed split stone shingles low doors short broad lighted arrow slits cotes ranged sides tiltyard stones raked ewain saw quintain mounted bag sand size hanging tilting ring wooden club set pivot automatically punished spearman clumsiness
forty wonderful operation red haired negro doctor born holidaysburg pennsylvania negroes united states slaves williams family lucky lived free matter fact generations williams family lived pennsylvania slaves civil war daniel williams father decided help slaves freed gave money equal rights league civil rights organization worked hard fell ill died money left easy daniel williams enjoyed eleven disappeared guess hard ahead mother wanted illinois didn son decided school apprentice shoemaker baltimore meant learn shoes room food hated job wondered left finally stand longer twelve ran traveled rockford illinois mother thought funny told certainly knew care soon east leaving follow
sylvestre half hour early close worked extra half hour weeks messenger put shipping department received books brought boys arranged going orders sylvestre worked heart hands occurred responsibility making indispensable job weeks later invented system arranging orders rack contrivance device enabled handle orders single individual previously able manage beginning sylvestre discovered follett willing place heavier heavier responsibilities proved capable handling fired zeal actually began enjoy interested books gradually felt truly worthwhile helping sell books country follett called help annual catalogue firm book distributing business wilcox follett depends heavily catalogues sends libraries bookstores individual customers months spent preparing catalogue guide buyers attractive
ended wahoo assigned captain marvin kennedy supervised construction trained patrols assignment learn big playful lieutenant commander dudley morton kentucky put command quiet january days brisbane put sea tried decide change mean liked mush job getting acquainted wahoo crew patrol roaming narrow quarters big hands reaching examine equipment wide set eyes missing largely responsibility patrol boys tiny wardroom brightened mush squeezed massive shoulders narrow doorways found place sit built bear playful cub wrestling match coffee put half nelson bore neck popped head listed port weeks afterward today comes occasionally think mush crew loved submarines democratic military units simply room levels rank dignity officers transition friendliness authority jerky awkward completely ease
faces expressions warmth elation expect family taking pride joy curiosity expected wasn resembled felt part show business materially compared kinship felt strangers business rough felt entertain root home saw frank table applauding smiling nodding mama sitting ringside seeing happening applause building couldn breathe knew didn start performing wouldn able put hands asking stop sat room quiet morty waiting cue wanted say lines grateful reception thrilled words canned death standard everyday show business sincerity nodded morty sound music strength confidence sang black magic seats
thirteen room apartments tenement family lived bred died single room naked light bulb hung ceiling wire apartment single water spigot single house served thirteen families step father zoilo says dollars pick shovel bad live mother cook clean big houses brother lasaro live room mother home ten clock night father tired mother tired late night ask baseball afternoon tell arm put cheek say zoilo arm gonna lots thousands dollars die big leagues bigger big block big coffee breakfast coffee bread lunch beans rice supper beans rice school morning walk school afterward play baseball streets bare feet feet began bleed broken bottles stones big thing exactly game
brass agreed zoilo shipped fox cities wisconsin recalled late charleston hit joined senators late season playing white sox bottom eighth inning harry simpson slammed lead pinch hit double sox hitter aparicio rifled shot past pitcher camilo pascual center field suddenly versalles skin bones defying gravity common sense flagged ball shallow center pivoted threw simpson rounded bag versalles played fifteen games senators trips minors season club moved minneapolis zoilo left spring training discovered couldn home bars cuba united states real solid suddenly began fall things bad worse progressed zoilo began hurt story league develop trouble struck early ball game development lagged wife children cuba ran large phone bills spent money big twenty dollars pocket says majors broke developed stomach trouble
striking facts dead seemingly reason wants thousands returning dead ordinary run mill citizens sat card table alive occurred say type haunts houses businessmen servants workers ministers soldiers sailors likely return horse thieves gamblers fellers die bad jews catholics protestants heathens negroes indians white saints sinners rights death want fact ghosts gotten bad don deserve goes acting afraid bad reputations think meeting dead terrifying dangerous experience nonsense produce figures charts prove country needs society prevention defamation returning dead truth dead don care living afraid minds needs care sort longing makes places true evil purposes
night cold wet small house fire burned brightly white son playing cards mrs white sat knitting fire listen wind white don think tonight immediately gate banged heavy footsteps door herbert white opened door herbert mother hear talking guest soon tall beady eyes slightly red face sergeant major morris white sergeant major shook hands took seat fire watched happily host whisky glasses glass eyes brighter began talk freely family listened eagerly visitor lands told strange places brave deeds wars plagues strange peoples twenty service white wife son baby look don look hurt mrs white politely india look bit sergeant major shook head put empty glass ancient temples started telling monkey paw
couple buried son cemetery miles house quickly realize days passed house grew silent talked talk days night awoke find room dark hear crying window raised bed listened wife cold colder son woman crying sound sobs died ears eyes heavy sleep dozed sudden wild cry wife awoke monkey paw cried monkey paw matter room want quietly haven thrown downstairs cried laughed thought didn think think asked wishes answered wasn cried wish boy alive sat bed god mad cried wish cried woman dragged door
taking deep breath poon hurled small frame cold atlantic quickly swam overhand stroke learned boy seacoast china minutes heard muffled roar boilers exploded benlomond disappeared poon leaped wave lifted high air poon sighted raft struggling oars poon yelled frantically hear tried swim direction raft faded sight steward truly poon consider plight took strength drowning despite jacket large waves broke head sputtering gagging tried water lungs rapidly losing battle sighted raft ahead empty wearily swam strength pulled aboard began greatest survival stories history resting minutes poon raised searched horizon raft disappointment sign brightened realized seamen raft cover larger area oars chances sighted boat plane excellent sinking reported search rescue mission survivors
rain flayed cried pain drops stung pellets full force storm struck minute raft hang midair sliding huge wave poon raised raft hurled planks leaving gasping breath ropes hold large wave picked raft slammed head savagely knew hours later poon regained consciousness sea calm sun beating untied ropes head spun knew storm count luck bones ached roused searched horizon eagerly sign ship poon track chinese method moon morning fiftieth able catch rain water canvas biscuits ribs stuck happened soon starve considered fate poon heard faint hum sounded mosquito swiftly scanned sky saw plane flying low directly moment plane insignia american fighter plane poon jumped shouted plane banked directly overhead
hour patience rewarded elated poon pulled fish water small gleamed sunlight jewel moment hunger tempted poon taste cool sweet flesh fish knew mouthful small fish capture larger larger hook provided spike hammered shape hook water jug poon large hook tail small fish braided extra strands line strong gently fish water swam depths trailing line poon waited line twitched feebly small fish swam raft movement stopped bait escaped suddenly line hissed poon managed wrap hand prevent slipping braced raft feet pulled water line sharp zigzag motions knew hooked monster strong haul raft fish finally broke water poon astounded larger poon managed aboard raft fish flailed wildly acted quickly lose prize poon struggled hold thrashing fish
joe red crane talk going indian institute missoula big gathering university meetings days talk problems indians problems grandpa let professors talk problems soon big show university field house problems talked maybe learn grandma grandpa married thirty sixteen fashioned grandpa stubborn grandpa wanted wear grandfather feather war bonnet big show joe red crane talked shows difference grandpa grandma talked war bonnet real thing grandpa argued salish language feathers broken kicked don look red crane want look real don blackfeet dress fancy stylish dancers want flatheads put show don grandpa snorted english show folks lick daylights blackfeet hunting buffalo east side mountains
grandpa noble red tall look awful noble looking past white woman baggy tweed suit answering getting earnest pointing camera talking idea indian english picture okay stand nice picture grateful grandma side walked rescued wouldn lower chasing salish want white woman girl maybe talk english tell want picture wanted didn ahead murmured je ne parle pas mon granpere ne parle pas shook head dear talk indian walked field house settled front row audience looked saw beautiful thing laid eyes tall lean tight jeans cowboy boots hair thick glossy braids young hair ah pretty looks young fellow handsome calendar sharp profile head held high wore cowboy hat sort tipped wouldn hide soft hair ears proud hair
brother fasted sun dance maybe someday don sun dance customs knew shivered starve don drink water days dare dance sun dance dance faint maybe reservation grandma purred wouldn want sun dance knew feeling terrible brother girl kind proud george thought watch proud announcer public address system young cheyenne tongue river reservation demonstrate skill roping present george standing water northern cheyennes george arena looking audience quiet drumming twirled rope circles big circles danced spinning rope circle danced rope live thing wanted hands moved rope spun circle rippled flashed water taking pictures flash flash cameras taking pictures fine hair grandpa white woman friend jumping baggy tweed suit putting flash bulbs camera taking pictures talking
boy waited corner jar water held hands water grown bubbly heat morning knew boy eleven things beautiful boy finely spun blonde hair smooth effeminate face eyelashes dark brushlike eyes blue waited smiled tractor smile nephew brother son handsome warm newly scrubbed happiness face face resembled brother mine saw stake driven straight hard plowed soil stopped tractor climbed boy eagerly ride asked let tractor looked closely eyes innocent killing forgotten clear mind pushing water jar offered pointed splintered upright stake asked yes eagerly beginning kind dance excitement killed snake big tried hand show
monday monday damp cold rain splattered cover algebra laura heaved books higher arm sighed school bore school loomed massive dark sky minutes face diane goddard sleek blond hair terri pierce candy pink sweater carol steve bill nancy exclusive stood tight groups laughing joking cold unkind stringy hair hung eyes dipping graceful curls wrote poetry algebra class latin trying shivering laura remembered sit english class passing notes whispering thought identical brown loafers plastic purses hostile stares passed corridors didn care clods lot shoved door thronged hall streamed doors clustered red yellow posters advertising latest dance mohair sweaters madras shirts pea green raincoats alike center group usual diane goddard saying riot wait face finds
tide faces laura felt nudge ellen hey smart outfit pointed side hall gaudy flowers rachel horton blouse stood garishly fluffy sweaters pleated skirts lumpish awkward creature rachel dress socks fallen untidily heavy ankles slip showed ragged edge lace moved english room shoelaces trailing books tumbled floor terri waves derisive laughter swept crowd bell rang laughter died hurried seats diane terri exchanged minute whispers steve wants miss merrill pushed book holding folded hands beamed today oral reports laura begin turn throat tightened thought diane carol steve grinning waiting stumble careful thought careful careful thought look confident let try prompt miss merrill tapped cover book fountain pen laura pushed front class room large twenty round blurred faces stared blankly diane laughter
straight canyon high wind night campfire felt breath high places mountain system gather moist soft warmish air peaks stars blurred highest timber exhalant top naked rocks misted dawn ghostly diffusion misty light slow march shapes julio ready rolled infinite slowness ground free blankets left luis slumbering mummy knew cold mexican centuries crouched slowly bed took musket ammunition brother side sniffed air bittersweet cold drifting flavor didn excitement caution presage snow canyon chewing hank jerked meat pocket abroad wilderness gun effect destiny remembered yesterday trail toiled light grew sun look seen pool waterfall stopped looked realized hours divided luis awake wondering hours ago luis kick hard ground fury halloo
snow continued daybreak set soon feet front light grew sense folly dreamed things happen brother luis greatness accomplishment disappeared smelling frozen catskin threw icy rock found run trotting awkward burden cat hide stiff slippery frozen leggings fur stuck ragged indignant congealed ghost cat snow died julio hurried wind capricious bitter scratched sweeps canyon bore open plains julio begin grew toiled farther shadowy chasm staring ahead sight spare pines stood camp remembered seeing pines open sky night meant nearly mountain fold thought saw sentinel trees broke hard run stopped panting saw gray light wall rock looked moment misty sky plain heart mouth trudged confused fashion child devices ended
snowstorm valley kind golden resurge autumn house farm soaked melting snow running lines dark muddy thaw streaked round worn edges roof walls ground temper river warmer mountain weather willows cottonwoods lost snow noon mountains visible blind white blowing curtain plain travelers abroad father antonio road shortly noon josefina saw fat white mare robe tucked waist wool colored homespun trousers mexican boots tell rosa priest coming stop crying crying priest dismounted yard let horse move josefina tidied honor visit catching wetting eyebrows immediately felt fool looked bowed blessing furious kind power women didn message baby days ago coming soon fine girl hope girl bad boys
cat ran street front car watch wheels called scotty hold steady wheels turned steering wheel hard hitting cat left front tire ran tree limb street car jumped wheels dropped hold steering wheel car ran street walk headed big tree hold wheels scotty called hold wheels let gas stop roadster car ran tree crash car hit big limb dropped tree smashed car wheels engine car stopped wheels scotty asked wheels hurt wheels looked friend thing going fast scotty turned looked seat car looked big limb dropped tree close scotty saw limb coming head thought hit hurt hard head hit laughed wheels cat ended timed run scotty laughed think wheels white run road cat scotty laughed laughed scotty wheels
cliff looked wheels scotty gunn part cord cliff wants run car beach city race asking race stutz bearcat heard wheels saw red brought raced mel gunn speedway city wheels race drivers gunn thinks rules try win race ran road race speedway city crashed win race scotty heard cliff want race cliff asked wheels gunn race don think scotty car asked cliff stutz bearcat cord racing side side race thing cliff wheels scotty plan think win race want tell tell cat ran wheels road morning scotty say white car hit wheels
engine roared wheels raced car turns hills car bearcat move wheels listen engine car scotty high speeds told slow steady rule follow road race high speeds hard car engine slow steady wheels don want happen car race morning want win prize money scotty want win prize money stopped scotty watching road saw asked wheels small black car scotty thought saw left beach city find wheels let happens speed wheels gave bearcat gas roadster raced ahead road small black car speeded close drop steady speed roadster wheels scotty knew driver black car pull car wheels
wheels turned bearcat high street street lights lined sides end end race wheels think happened mel gunn turned high street road car turned high street road red cord saw cars let roar wheels scotty car saw white city listen cars wheels give gas scotty wheels opened bearcat driver faster side side red cars raced high street half mile left bearcat rolling top speed wheels race end holding black white flag car pass flag win bearcat wheels called sounds engine standing street stutz bearcat roared ahead red cord flag wheels heard gun ending race scotty place win wheels stopped roadster jumped talking laughing
columbus sailed sargasso saw patches floating seaweed ghostly wrecks afraid region fact tested depth water rocks columbus found bottom today sargasso sea miles deep early explorers crossed sargasso sea america found hulks manned skeletons myths stories refused die reason fact sargasso sea lies region wind sailing ships becalmed days weeks sargasso lies famous horse latitudes part ocean ships yankee horse traders stalled tried reach west indies horses die thirst sails filled wind times region sargasso sea swept sudden storms hurricanes coming south travel bahamas bermuda entire area bermuda triangle subject hurricanes waterspouts type watery tornado dangerous ships mary celeste large sailing ship left york city november bound genoa italy course northern edge sargasso sea december ship dei gratia sailing azores islands
war ii genuine monsters deep prowled waters bermuda german subs vessels depths sea war mystery cropped airplanes ships disappeared december avenger torpedo bombers ready training flight plane crew pilot radioman gunner flight short duty officer noticed crew member eagle bolotin flown mission bolotin ordered stay ground disappointed bolotin watched avengers fly miles east ft lauderdale naval air station hens chicken shoal bahamas practice bombing fly triangular pattern navigation exercise going east north southwest lauderdale bombing run finished hour later instructor lt charles taylor began lead planes navigation pattern navy flight instructor robert cox overheard radio message don gotten lost turn cox message asked help lost airplane answer ft call sign lt taylor taylor compasses trying find ft lauderdale florida sure keys don
massive search begun february coast guard navy air force marine search craft combed area debris ship found jacksonville florida weeks rough weather marine sulphur queen heard ship foundered sos radio debris including jackets found southwest key west february able definitely missing vessel boat airplane lost area east florida newspapers repeat legend bermuda triangle later air force kc jet tanker planes disappeared making routine radio reports flying center bermuda triangle victim huge flying boxcar miami newspaper reported strange timer homestead flown peace war planes south bahamas leave trace piece wreckage evidence flare night planes scoured area books magazine articles written bermuda triangle writers stated visitors outer space saucer napping boats airplanes area writers bold played mystery angle airplanes vanished east florida
bmx started malibu california friends tired riding bikes decided things interesting started racing tricks bikes motorcycle movie called sunday theaters showed bikes sailing high air jumps built empty lots movie gave young ideas sport discovered racers ages eighteen richard roger rae typical racers thirteen twins boys riding bikes wanted race started roger saw magazine bmx richard found bmx track nearby town races held sunday boys girls months boys entered races trophies green ribbon built lot leg muscles pedaling bikes track friends racers richard roger learned care bikes racer body bike condition times learned losing bmx racer win disappointing boys try hard win richard roger learned improve lot racing season
racer tries bike light strong motocross bike weighs pounds night race bike cleaned ballbearings greased ballbearing pressure adjusted pressure adjustments important racers want bikes amount drag stability adjust spokes align wheels frames racer body top condition needs strong legs pedaling needs lungs run breath running exercise legs lungs proper rest eating habits important motocross races held week race season parts country april october racers fill entry blank track pit pit place racers park bikes racers entered motos begin bikes racers walk track sure hill curve jump bump straightaway moto meeting held riders racers told rule track reminded sportsmen tracks put racers classes according age
winners regional contests national contests nationals held times going regional national contests honor lets racer meet racers things tracks group riders forms team rider class team store club sponsor teams sponsors help pay expenses racers buy riders racing clothes help repair bikes racers bring relatives friends watch race relatives friends involved sport announcers starters flagmen timekeepers point counters safety concerns scratches cuts bruises expected endo crash injuries bmx racing injuries happen rider playing races bike rider forget safety riding neighborhood tricks require racers wear helmets pad bikes pads need fancy riders foam rubber tape buy special pads put bike manufacturers tape cover sticks bike endos look racer pride thing hurt riders pick bikes continue cross finish line
ellen creighton son jethro planting potatoes half acre south cabin morning mid april field soon breakfast southern illinois hour pink sunrise swelling redbud clusters bloom apple orchard road jethro walked warm clods plowed earth felt crumble beneath feet helped mother carry tub potato cuttings prepared night damp fur warm top remarked poking brown hand deep soil git planted soft rain comes hev crop north call egypt fer sure filled burlap pouch potato cuttings hoisted expertly thin shoulder batch freckles beginning place morning felt ready stride length field firm step joke lips reckon ham corn bread ready fer dinner mis creighton asked grinning called mis creighton older brothers teased step bold joke addressing mother smiled acknowledging mood shook head words
mary pretty jenny blond delicate jethro remembered bitter night stood nose pressed cold windowpane watching rob nelson help wagon left dance hidalgo happened later pieced loud outcries scraps conversation deep middle night crowd young toughs south county broken uninvited dance waving whiskey bottles shouting drunken insults guests things began look dangerous rob found mary wraps starting home drunken youth named travis burdow saw leave horseback rob told matt creighton urged team hoping ed turner farm help knew burdow armed rob succeeded getting turner driveway burdow seeing game finished rode rob team fired pistol heads horses frightened animals bolted rail fence overturning wagon kicking loose tongue mary dead rob ed turner pulled wreckage countryside uproar news tragedy matthew creighton held high esteem neighbors senseless killing daughter stirred rage heightened fact burdow family commonly despised countryside shiftless lot bad background
bill favorite big silent considered peculiar neighborhood environment reading regarded highly suspect young cared hunting wrestling drinking rampaging country read book lay hands prized printed page wasn held contempt physical strength hard worker attributes admired odd doubt seen stop team mid field watch flight line birds story rounds bill talking horse person talked gentle story woman talkin young un attended school previous winter slack surely fool thing interesed breakin school listened intently young junior say studied tasks set shadrach yale older jethro behavior pattern backwoods community approved lot smirked mentioned bill creighton jethro loved bill brothers mother understood
afternoon autumn rare visits hill drawn beauty surrounding woods somber mood longer talked children phase innocence passed recaptured foot hill crooked creek flowed noisy farm spanned point widest wooden bridge swayed threateningly jethro remember total collapse creek brown fields stretched bounded staggering lines gray rail fences crossed timbers supporting rails look bayonets silhouetted twilight sky line wild geese flew southward overhead jethro stood motionless watched disappear sight engrossed flight geese hear bill footsteps brother caught breath sight bill face swollen beginning grow discolored deep cut bruises hurt bill asked voice barely audible pretty sure knew fight jeth hour ago fit madmen guess john bill sigh moan yes john brother john jethro answer
shadrach narrow room cheerful attractive spite roughness bright red gold paisley cloth covered homemade table fell full folds floor braided rugs warmly colored woolens scattered mantel fireplace candlesticks heavy brass worn smooth satin finish opposite fireplace shelves logs split half nailed wall hold books shadrach brought college guitar hung wall south end room end wide bed comforters ellen loaned store bedding cupboard heavy walnut put wooden pegs stood fireplace held dishes food cooking utensils jethro room perfect beautiful expect shadrach helped sheepskin coat put armchair front fireplace flames struck log shot hot tongues fat roasting chicken dripped fire warmth smell food wood smoke overpowered jethro sat silent drinking content obligations guest demanded going spend night jeth shadrach asked removing boy heavy shoes chafing feet cheerful vigor
think jeth armies west part union plans carry part let look mississippi control river cut confederacy saying win war big step confederate army west river powerless kentucky re control johnston supplies withdraw surrender look mississippi stretches states tennessee mississippi louisiana enemy territory think hard fighting place map called donelson want throw hat say log fireplace fell sending shower sparks chimney prairie shadows black jethro young yale silent part dread spread directions land night dread cheers fort henry donelson couldn dispel reached white house cities towns north south lonely places farmlands log room adjoining country schoolhouse finally jethro spoke softly anyway grant shad appears
ate silence ross milton thoughtful jethro soon completely absorbed pleasure oven cooked food delicate tempting contrast coarse fare accustomed ate slowly hoping days able remember mouthful finally pushed plate attacked apple pie wondered unspeakably delicious enjoying dinner editor asked dinner bin real fine treat fer milton milton leaned forward chair jethro impression anxious re starting home soon finished eating allow milton hesitated caused trouble store ago lives west rose hill road home jethro nodded pleasant forget affair store capable making trouble business brother don loves violence danger loves whiskey join mob murder grandmother editor frowned tapped tobacco bowl pipe pretty sure tear saloon late afternoon started early
mile stretch woods road ahead hardest miles trip considered terrain jethro yards dooryard barnlot dave burdow place full sinister threat woods road welcome relief curved trees burdow cabin lost sight breathed easier shifted stiffly seat prepared ordeal mudholes jutting tree stumps road ahead curve sooner rounded jethro discovered vague dread experienced passing cabin reality stood trees edge road saddled horse side jethro approached walked slowly known wagon soon waiting jethro saw dave burdow curt gesture motioned jethro stop ride ye piece muttered climbed wheel seat raising eyes boy face led horse strap jethro shrank bulk fear revulsion dare look burdow remembered sullen piglike eyes stared store morning remembered hearing mild ed turner speak loud anger dave burdow weeks mary death
matt sleep night jethro return newton morning dawn moving aimlessly cabin dooryard woodlot ellen managed sleep early morning hours heard prepared breakfast wanted drank coffee looked silence noticed face pale dim light cabin supposed face moment later frown eyes watched trembling hand place cup saucer air ailin matt quietly don git bed rest needs doin mornin shook head ask afeared answer yes ailin pushed chair table think ask turner drive newton mornin want talk knows wortman stop burdow matt asked tensely fingers clutched strands beard hold hev wouldn nodded held aginst boy stuck knife hearts grabbed knife aimed
butterflies street today real live black orange butterflies flew looking black orange cloud looking think spreading tree street front house look sun bright patterns wall called tree loved tree spring buds burst tiny yellowish green leaves brought spring street summer leaves broad dark green fine hot sun fall leaves turned golden brown color leaf leaf fell tree winter tree bones whitish winter sky big branches branches stood bright black fall black orange butterflies teacher called monarchs days rested tree late summer blossoms loved tree full butterflies chilly butterflies flew don teacher fly hundreds hundreds miles warmer place imagine bit color pattern butterflies traveling tree died cold winter tiny yellowish green leaves
morning wilma family fighting wilma eat breakfast fight going shadow slipped apartment hurried street afraid late school wilma ran crowded sidewalk trying bump felt electric wires jumping inside stomach breath rounded corner street half block bunch boys girls huddled sidewalk excuse wilma panted softly trying boys girls paid attention watching middle sidewalk excuse wilma loudly listened shove thought despair heard boys girls saying pushed big green monster bug boy yelled monster dopey praying mantis girl shouted teacher picture science book step step girls boys screamed wilma reached middle crowd sidewalk saw huge green bug biggest bug seen took step backwards terrible bug suddenly green insect reared hind legs
bear hungry hungrier weeks sharp icy winds blew polar plain food hard find bear thick padded paws sound moved packed snow bright eyes darted searched seal bird young walrus fill emptiness belly crept animal white arctic fox fox starving days trailing bear hoping meal bear kill finished feasting fox move eat left weak thin late happen soon bear stopped eyes widened ahead saw small black mound fat seal lying ice seal land nap lying close water edge case danger seal dive water push strong flippers seal slept woke slept woke water open attack ten twenty seconds raised head quick look dozed seconds sleeping waking sleeping waking bear watched closely
center clearing surrounded small conical huts village wooden drum brought solemn reverence saala wise tribe approached began beating sound darkness soon smaller drums distant parts clearing took beating wooden flutes joined outskirts village sound muted grew sharper higher blowing flutes nearer joined beaters drums sound quickened pace fervor gathered group drum coming saala rhythmic beating moon rose high light filter heavy foliage gleamed black bodies faces women children gathering clearing summoned music swaying field tall grass wind flutes drums ceased shi turned faced making obeisance chief sat raised platform end clearing moon full children standing young prince tall powerfully built seen fifteen summers carried head high eyes flashed twelve princess smiled shyly tribespeople turned whisper father ear
tried hold pit days passed able respond eyes looked reverence looked daze looked eyes looking bore recognition glance weeks pits full white falcon riding anchor impatient set sail days small boats going mainland securing foodstuffs laying stores corn beans yams fruit cocoanuts medicinal herbs vinegar hogsheads stores full master ready ashore business white traders soon exchange cargo molasses rum tobacco gunpowder black cargo slaves healthiest largest youngest ablest gathered pits interest trade captives brought pits fastened twos ankles wrists washed fed hair shaved bodies oiled stood patient row animals trained obey commands traders pleased treatment pits african tribesmen women wanted merchandise exchanged merchandise
amos stood unmoving conversation eyes taking detail house open door unaware small boy girl peered mother full skirts yes believe boy caleb admitted sell fault sad speak poor lad celia exclaimed approached looked face thy boy asked disprove husband amos caleb told boy opened mouth rich guttural sound filled air echoing house full lips closed silence sound caleb explained cheap speak longer fear celia turned briskly house feeling things stand talking doorstep husband boy room show trade called prepare room roger roxanna called children tasks rejoined caleb boy caleb standing loom pointing operation boy stood head high face expressionless
servitude longed sweetness home woman married known lily lydia sweetness violet thought younger strong slave purchase price james baldwin put price fifty pounds amos fortune glance amass money purchase price violet included violet daughter celyndia amos pleased think deed give freedom celyndia dusky sweet voiced young eyes amos saw lifetime celyndia grow freedom mean live bondage mean acceptance barriers days amos ten pounds worth leather shop woburn delivered purchase price fifty pounds easy cyclops murmured stroking horse rest top cyclops slowed walk amos thought joshua promised land lord told strong courage
important amos arrive surroundings early spring tanbark essential removed trees soon sap risen violet help sure comfort presence managed deliver leather late march working packed transportable tools spud barking mallet rollers knives beam table vats easily moved sold small house amos built cart purchased stored tools household goods carried ax bag beans needs sets wilderness amos seat violet shivered amos easy talk wilderness comfort big house companionship servants slaves environment past dared think longingly amos lead heart full confidence undivided affection climbed seat cart started road jaffrey april morning violet trust cart treasured plants root lilac japonica seedling lily valley pips yellow tea rose
amos looked shoulder sun past noon end pilgrimage end reminded shelter family night nights looked thought piece land buy smiling township shadow mountain place stake claim honest amos cart soft voice wake child told violet soon arrival negro family common unnoticed constable dinner houses faced common saw decided eye thought merely giving horse rest going settlement hour later decided investigate cart piled high miscellanea housekeeping mean thing township thought duty give usual warning started common amos leaving family met short distance cart amos bowed respectfully ago taught presence white suffering hard bow proud carriage head
letter simeon butters asking amos pay samuel avery twelve shillings received amos read aloud violet asked let amos knowing pay amos nodded owe coins kettle family rabbits burrow looked violet smiled broad smile meant words debt thanks owed paying lived bowed head slightly accepting silence knew heart due jaffrey social library amos member read books winter tanning operations abeyance discussed citizens town informed subscribed newspaper store information matched ready wit gave opinions sought fellow citizen amos fortune prefix dignified won equality lived guarantee lives dear celyndia sixteen friends white children times feel uneasy school color ways
quiet violet celyndia spun wove linens demand amos leathers coming distance leave hide home empty handed seeing fine linens woven tanner house secure home wife loom amos begun feel fullness ox hide handle daily tramping ooze tired carried head high strength arms light eyes apprentice added fortune household white boy young charlie toothaker children roger mary toothaker lunenberg nearby massachusetts amos known boy father woburn days dr toothaker lived nearby billerica friend negroes tended lily lydia illnesses accept payment amos father grandfather doctors written jaffrey tanner things hard warned lunenberg wanted place children homes care meant influence
mind traveled memory days times past real present workman won respect townspeople deal miles member race place white thought occupy matter devotedly loved church faithfully served call pew sit family cold north gallery place reserved negroes accepted communion dwell fringe heart core lifetime accustomed attitude wanting worthier violet place sure respect dignity save home built buy linens gave honored places homes celyndia free taunting abuse amos felt bear affronts meaning bore scar lash broke skin branded forever renegade object white exercise power
haven written days wanted think diary odd idea diary matter interested unbosomings thirteen schoolgirl matter want write want bring kinds things lie buried deep heart saying paper patient slightly melancholy days sat chin hand feeling bored limp mind stay home yes doubt paper patient don intend show cardboard covered notebook bearing proud diary find real friend boy girl cares root matter reason starting diary real friend let put clearly believe girl thirteen feels darling parents sister sixteen thirty call friends strings boy friends anxious catch glimpse failing peep mirrors class
passed sunday happened turned upside alive kitty main thing daddy says yes alive don ask wouldn understand word begin telling happened sunday afternoon clock harry coming later rang front doorbell lying lazily reading book veranda sunshine didn hear bit later margot appeared kitchen door looking excited call notice daddy whispered mummy van van friend works daddy business shock call knows means picture concentration camps lonely cells allow doomed course won declared margot waited mummy van discuss move hiding place tomorrow van going silence couldn talk thinking daddy knowing going visiting joodse invalide waiting mummy heat suspense overawed silent suddenly bell rang
mrs van terrific quarrel seen mummy daddy dream shouting trivial thing pure waste breath liking naturally unpleasant peter stand takes seriously frightfully touchy lazy yesterday badly upset found tongue blue red unusual phenomenon nature disappeared quickly today going scarf stiff neck addition lord complains lumbago pains heart kidneys lungs unusual real hypochondria word honey mummy mrs van plenty unpleasantness give small tell mrs van sheets common linen cupboard takes granted mummy sheets nasty surprise finds mummy piqued dinner service trying find actually put plates closer thinks cardboard box lot junk attic
boiling rage show stamp feet scream give mummy shaking cry don horrible words mocking looks accusations leveled repeatedly find mark shafts tightly strung bow hard draw body shout margot van dussel daddy leave peace let sleep night pillow wet tears eyes burning head throbbing let preferably despair couldn bear sympathy kindhearted jokes want scream talk thinks showing silent think ridiculous rude answer sly idea lazy tired selfish eat mouthful stupid cowardly crafty hear insufferable baby laugh pretend notice mind ask god give nature didn put nature sure bad
witnessed terrific air battle german british planes unfortunately couple allies jump burning machines milkman lives halfweg saw canadians sitting roadside spoke fluent dutch asked milkman give light cigarette told crew consisted pilot burned death hidden german police fetched perfectly fit wonder managed clear brains terrifying parachute trip fairly warm light fires order burn vegetable peelings refuse put garbage pails think warehouse boy easily betrayed careless students wish degrees continue studies compelled sign sympathy germans approve order eighty cent refused consciences naturally bear consequences students sign labor camp germany left youth country hard labor germany mummy shut window night banging bed suddenly mrs van jumped bed mouschi bitten
return upbringing theme umpteenth tell trying helpful friendly rain rebukes dies light summer drizzle mighty difficult model behavior bear especially don mean word shamming bit habit telling exactly think asked opinion attached slightest importance lose cue simply swallow rage injustice weeks hear everlasting chatter cheekiest shameless girl earth don think complaint thing grouser sour bad tempered decided let shorthand bit firstly give subjects eyes miserable wretched shortsighted glasses phew owl look course hiding yesterday talked anne eyes mummy suggested sending oculist mrs koophuis shook shoes announcement small thing
fountain pen priceless possessions highly especially thick nib write neatly thick nib fountain pen interesting pen briefly tell fountain pen arrived packet wrapped cotton wool sample aachen grandmother kind donor live bed flu february winds howled round house glorious fountain pen red leather case shown friends anne frank proud owner fountain pen ten allowed pen school mistress permit write eleven treasure put mistress sixth form allowed school pens inkpots twelve jewish lyceum fountain pen received case honor occasion pencil closed zipper looked impressive thirteen fountain pen secret annexe raced countless diaries compositions fourteen spent friday afternoon clock
longing talk intense took head choose peter upstairs peter room struck snug peter retiring turn nuisance dared stay afraid think bore tried think excuse stay room talking noticeable chance yesterday peter mania crossword puzzles moment helped soon sat opposite table chair divan gave queer feeling looked deep blue eyes sat mysterious laugh playing round lips able read thoughts face look helplessness uncertainity behave trace sense manhood noticed shy manner feel gentle couldn refrain meeting dark eyes heart beseeched tell going inside look ridiculous chatter evening passed happened told blushing naturally written sure grew older
elli fortnight miep henk days tummy upsets craze dancing ballet moment practice dance steps evening diligently supermodern dance frock light blue petticoat edged lace belonging mansa ribbon threaded round top ties bow center pink corded ribbon completes creation tried vain convert gym shoes real ballet shoes stiff limbs supple terrific exercise sit floor hold heel hand lift legs air cushion poor rough reading book cloudless morn mummy thought exceptionally lot youth problems thought ironically bit trouble young believe mummy thinks relationship parents children greater interest children lives definitely looks margot don think problems thoughts wouldn dream pointing mummy case daughters imagines utterly amazed wouldn change anyway want save unhappiness especially remain anyway
moving stream stopped drank furry marmot watched nearby boulder whistled shrilly disappeared high giant hawk whirled slowly blue air stream fork path hand branch plain trodden led dornelberg wunderhorn popular peaks climbing district branch rudi bearing left moved barely visible trail climbed upward base citadel treeline dwarf pine shrubs grass moss earth bare sweep gravel tumbled boulders boulders going tricky proper nailed mountain boots feet nimble balance true making deft staff climbed quickly easily hour turned looked rocky point stopped eat village stillness desolation gray rock white snow blue sky movement body sound scraping feet boulders rudi conscious loneliness
braced pull toes taut ice holds hands tightened staff knuckles showed white hear scraping sound knew clawing boots ice wall trying lever weight improvised lifeline wall obviously offered help weight lifeline suddenly jerk knots clothing slipped staff wrenched rudi hands knot held hands held tried call breath words sound scraping boots ice rudi minute hours happened hand view curve crevasse wall hand gripping twisted fabric jacket hand rising slowly head appeared pair shoulders face raised instant lowered hand moved slowly past rudi longer saw eyes shut tight strain teeth clamped cords neck bulged muscles arm felt drawn bones held
rudi numb move speak taking staff pulled line clothes untied knots shook quickly pulling boy feet helped dress rubbed pummeled rudi felt warmth returning circulation asked smiling rudi nodded finally able speak sir nodded warming flapping arms kicking feet minutes sun nearby black boulder lay embedded glacial ice going sat sunlight poured warm bath rudi slowly flexed aching fingers saw raised eyes looking miracle boy size rudi murmured saved rudi seeing thirty tall thin face thin big hawklike nose strong jutting chin weather browned cheeks clean shaven hair black eyes deep set gray spoke voice quiet muffled ice walls crevasse
englishman relapsed silence eyes squinted finger traced slow patterns air times rudi point speaking giving opinion pointing stopped want forward afraid uncle say presently winter took pad pencil pack began drawing detailed sketches citadel worked concentration franz leaning rock dozing rudi grew restless began exploring shoulder wunderhorn decided summit winter wanted unobstructed high view southeast ridge citadel interested laboring top peak climbed times rudi looked moved high shoulder route soon descending idea struck route suddenly convinced rested spy direct shoulder contribution climbing edging rim rocks peered searching yards starting place investigation quickly showed led
teo paused smiled heard father climbed wore red shirt yes heard rudi murmured wore wore knew someday stand summit citadel stand put pole snow shirt tie pole flag red flag sky seen valleys cities switzerland father smiled pretended making joke inside joke dreamed lived teo stared mountain chance kurtal english climber sir edward stephenson believed citadel climbed wanted father talked plans searched explored set valley took assistant guide porter paused looked rudi face yes story want hear hear story saying story boy guide forget lives
high cliff going grew harder rudi climb stretch jamming elbow knee crevice rock reaching free hand pulling ledge rock projection body belay bracing trouble thought teo elbow knee crevice managed hoist grasping rim ledge crippled arm reached missed reached missed body lunge hand touched ledge clawed hold instant voice rudi quietly talking stove hotel kitchen steady hold slight scratching sound pull teo hand slipped rim elbow knee lost hold crevice dangled free mountainside rope bit rudi body circular knife cut thought cut pull ledge braced straining held fast pulled pulled foot rope hitched pulled hitched
call crazy teo call fool call call son father yes seen blood father spirit courage father kurtal boy deserves wear badge alpine guide dozen voices tried break relentlessly mountaineers yes course climb peaks climbed hundred times mule climb grandmother drink beer tell maybe find sit swill beer climbers citadel englishman broli kurtal boy sixteen boy afraid afraid voice klaus teo wheeled lout surveyed josef matt died fifteen ago dared set foot citadel high say dangerous impossible sit edelweiss swill beer feel impossible summit climbed longer knows citadel mountain kurtal mountain broli
leaving hut splashed face hands nearby stream inside ate breakfast table talking moment captain winter talking saxo listening englishman looked worse wear blood soaked bandage wore head face appeared drawn layers stubble windburn flesh bit battered happened bright flame spirit voice strong sure eyes gray gleaming spoke goals problems lay ahead happened yesterday saying convinced snowslope approach mountain cut steps glacier route icefall half afternoon danger avalanche reach ridge simply straightforward rock climbing hours tricky stretches shouldn bother eyes shifted briefly rudi base fortress things interesting re lot course think past fortress find
sky rock ice mountain thrusting upward blue emptiness foot mountain tiny speck speck thing lived moved silent majesty rudi climbed white slope upper glacier hurry looked peak valley ice flowing slowly past beneath feet ice marks boot nails previous easy follow route slope steepened steps cut winter saxo axes step balance briefly step step cutting required hours reach bergschrund today took coming rim crevasse approached snow bridge tested crossed mishap trail threaded steep maze icefall seracs rose frozen stillness rudi mind frozen result conscious choice decision simply lost senses knew food tent chance earth reaching top citadel
skippy watch dreamed detective acted found watch real detective school big things missing pretty finding things police look missing watches needed looked big case lot money missing police called skippy wanted find money found watch asked questions lucille seen skippy put money locker skippy key debbie paul helped count money skippy class lucille skippy put money locker needed talk skippy decided eat lunch hungry told look locker lucille leave quickly left walked cafeteria floor skippy locker skippy told paul helped count money paul asked
left paul debbie missed classes miss skippy locker wanted look lock wanted pick nail file file scratches lock wondered paul tried pick lock money figure classes sat remember mind school think think teachers gave grades things thought school waited wanted talk suspects bus home minutes saw lucille paul debbie stood bus sign move busy talking walking stepped interesting heads turned surprised want asked debbie want talking talking debbie talking big mouth big nose pointed finger add big trouble
stood watching debbie waited debbie charged driving head stomach hair driving fell backwards pulled ground trying feet started stand let fell fell knew end fight kids boys group stepped step debbie head eyes boy debbie stood brushed dust jeans debbie fighting try thinking smart debbie prove skippy took money skippy money asked lucille asked skippy put money envelope lucille skippy took locker skippy stopped bathroom skippy bathroom lucille took money skippy put empty envelope locker help
biff gaffer giants enjoy taking walks start early morning easily cover hundred miles gaffer walk faster usual manages friend steps meet edge forest halfway homes race meeting place biff waiting gaffer arrives walk biff careful avoid eagles gaffer patiently ducks head allow robins small birds fly busy talking fail notice bridge bump wet walking lake matter deep lake swim gaffer shake water ears reached side biff wet neck re tired end walks biff rests flopping small mountain gaffer looks large barn lean mushrooms special plants belong fungi family differ green plants manufacture food difference mushrooms grow spores develop roots plants grow seeds mushrooms grow damp warm dark places
kangaroos found australia zealand guinea types kangaroos short front legs hind legs thick round tails wallabies kangaroos smaller grey kangaroo largest member kangaroo family male larger female lives forests grasslands common kangaroos red kangaroo able leap eighteen feet speeds twenty miles hour fast grey kangaroo prefers live open grasslands male red female bluish grey smaller grey kangaroo rock wallaby smaller red wallaby small wallabies slower larger kangaroos suggests rock wallaby lives rocks red wallaby likes hide prefers live tall brush rocks open grassland wallaroo largest wallabies called rock kangaroo lives gullies rocky country tree kangaroo unusual lives trees wooded areas front paws grasp leaves tail balance branches rarest kangaroos white wallaby small seldom weighing ten pounds brown coat white throat makes home rain forests south wales
idea protecting soldiers battle observing characteristics animals camouflaged suits soldiers wear dyed natural colors difficult animals coats skins match environment hide danger turtle protects enemies pulling head legs thick shell turtle protection heavy soldiers copying turtle invented armor form armor simply soldier hiding tree rock thought cowardly face enemies fought arms clubs strike ward blows armor undergone simple club beginning wooden shield unfortunately clubs shields broke easily wooden shields replaced heavy leather shields later metal sturdier didn fully protect soldier body things metal developed armor covered body steel helmet chain mail chain mail shirt small interlocking rings widely totally satisfactory didn cover body type armor metal suit suit armor protected knights weapons drawbacks
sisters named moon flower lotus blossom sisters married pair young brothers visiting relatives home married young women traveled live family home husbands young father died fond mother failed realize selfish woman terribly angry marriages sons permission hid anger pretended fond young women sons began plan lives young wives miserable hope moon flower lotus blossom unhappy leave husbands happened mother sons brothers lived mother money build homes began days week sunup sundown order earn money need upset mother show knew rid moon flower lotus blossom quickly sons saved money move sons left mother law young women wait morning night
cats dogs doubt animals ways wild varieties exist domestic dogs cats wild ancestors scientists able trace ancestry domestic cat species african bush cat unsure origin domestic dog dogs domesticated longer cats able train dogs pull carts herd sheep hunt game rescue entertain successful convincing cats obey ancient times large dogs cats guard homes trespassers today clear things changed dogs guard property human intruders intruders cats guard mice wild cats dogs hunt food cats hunt night sight sound patient waiting dogs hunt scent run prey cats dogs carnivorous mammals means mammals eat meat household pets enjoy variety human foods table scraps relatives wild refuse wild dogs show greater variety color pattern cats types colors sizes wolves foxes size color lion cheetah
montezuma aztec emperor mexico introduced chocolate gave drink spanish explorer hernando cortez montezuma cocoa bitter dark addition sugar cortez liked spain served enjoyed sugar cinnamon vanilla bitter spanish delicious cocoa secret word eventually leaked cocoa shops introduced england expensive machines industrial revolution produce large quantities cocoa powder low cost factory producing chocolate candy process perfected swiss invented milk chocolate early americans invented popular chocolate bar today chocolate united states smeed smillar retired jobs sixty married children grown moved home married lived door smeed married soon finished high school smillar waited established career mrs smeed seventy younger husband mrs smillar ten younger husband born exactly date smeed
wild animals eat natural foods able find catch animals live zoo provide foods prefer wild flamingo eats shellfish bright coral feathers turn pale zoo color flamingo feathers including beets carrots diet snakes birds prey eagles hawks eat mice zoo natural home zoos feed heads chickens birds prey birds mind zoos vary ways try animals feel home zoos put animals small cages natural range give animals space greenery need seals penguins live water matter diet zoo wild fish zoo anteater hand eats mixture eggs milk cooked meat home africa anteater eats ants tells difficult animals zoo koala bear australia eats leaves eucalyptus tree lives leaves tree starve zoos koala bears able grow eucalyptus trees bears live feed
marty martian stood structure levels large glass squares lowest level glass marty saw objects beings enjoy staring crowd beings structure inside beings standing boxes objects top beings beings inside traded objects small round pieces metal rectangular slips green paper marty wondering level level group beings stepped strange found device carried level group beings stepped device rode level marty beings thought marty fortunately found device served purpose structure marty slipped gravity belt floated gently upward bad beings don thought easier crowded mountains hawaii sun sinks colorfully ocean end hawaiian children told legend sun ran sky quickly set half complained daylight fish gather bananas yams coconuts
marty martian took interest structure remained close nearly began notice beings returned extra walls inside structure special rows wall rows filled objects objects sizes colors thick box box open put box repeat procedure beings choosing boxes thought marty marty took box opened filled thin sheets sheet thousands odd marks speaking thought marty strange type code put box took included pictures marks tell pictures thought watched beings choices front structure strange machine processed choice marty tell allowed leave structure box stopped marty left structure puzzled purpose walked wait visits thought marty figure happens tommy finished making bed oops thought forgot top sheet maybe slip blanket undoing bed
inconveniences julius caesar suffered roman lunar calendar led emperor institute calendar devised greek astronomer sosigenes alexandria unrivaled egyptian solar calendar twelve thirty months egyptian calendar extra days celebrated festival end julian calendar spread days evenly leap inserted february julian calendar order practical preceding lengthened manipulated extent known confusion ordinary number months month mercedonius twenty period previously inserted months undecember thirty days duodecember thirty days confusion hundred forty days end calendar finally matched seasons julius caesar wanted change date january logical date solstices equinoxes happened january date moon bad luck regarded population change calendar reform senate rewarded caesar month birth quintilis renamed july honor
persons chinese ancestry united states today half born minority groups number celebrate holiday match pageantry chinese spectacular dragon parade popularity chinese surprising view history chinese america date arrival chinese unknown archaeologists presence chinese symbols mexico hints early connection immigration large numbers began caused extended drought canton province uneasy political situation unemployment lingered opium war drove mei kwok beautiful land america known unlike immigrants europe landing york chinese inducement gold recently discovered california chinese arrived west coast sudden influx caused bitter feeling gold digging pioneers drove chinese camps destroyed equipment prohibitive taxes licenses prevented mining rich lodes turned pursuits fishing farming working paper powder mills tanneries tin shops ninety cent cigars cigarettes sold west coast chinese sold strength bodies took job arduous dangerous order earn money support families left china
untrammeled exuberance spirits city wide participation american holiday compare mardi gras celebration held orleans mardi gras possessed orleans bond uniqueness love tradition hand orleans firmly possessed mardi gras mardi gras popular introduction city young recently returned completing educations paris mardi gras ups downs masked revelers merely marched city mardi gras means fat tuesday french pageants sorts festivities deteriorated delta orleans newspaper stated carnival vulgar tasteless spiritless daily crescent moved hope seen mardi gras reported decent citizens preferred remain indoors boys masks flour usual grown street maskers god forsaken forsaken set marked turning point mardi gras gay night clock grotesque inexplicable procession issuing unknown rendezvous seen winding slow length streets directing course residence worthy mayor eerie sight night parade performed organization called mystick krewe comus
st patrick patron saint ireland definite statement birthplace ireland born kilpatrick dumbarton scotland village close glastonbury england monmouthshire england tours france wales confession tells born bannavem taberniae able determine britannic celt raised roman catholic birth equally confused early century advanced birth dates died irish legend states died age hundred twenty moses scholars believe st patricks deeds ascribed according account span irish scholar james carney discounts theory holding st patrick arrived ireland widely accepted says patrick merely chronological phantom known march birth death date st patrick fact works confession justification ecclesiastical superiors actions public letter addressed coroticus british chief raided ireland killing enslaving christian converts
scandinavian countries branches mountain ash gathered friday put doorposts protect house evil snake bite witches ague powerless tree likely belief goes mythology norsemen story yggdrasil fabulous ash tree god odin hung form crucifixion american south according local folklore dogwood tree cross christ tallest strongest trees story tells dogwood suffered serving ignominious purpose pity christ comforted saying regret pity suffering dogwood tree grow large cross henceforth slender bent twisted blossoms form cross short petals center outer edge petal nail prints brown rust stained red center flower crown thorns remember sowing seed regarded saw burial christ england applied especially parsley devil plants potency holy restrain evil pennsylvania germans flowers benefit friday sowing
custom wearing clothes easter dates started march clothes worn signify beginning trace early church era white robes conferred recently baptized according theory regular members church wore attire memory earlier baptisms putting garments soon superstitions custom widely known rhymes follows easter let clothes sure rue american belief luck ensured wearing things easter wearing clothes led idea parading country parades easter sunday judges select appealing oddest finery prizes dressed woman looking family dressed teenage boy girl dressed children traditionally lady wearing prettiest hat famous easter parade occurs york city nationally televised affair attracts latest fashions called bizarre parade dates mid nineteenth century originally confined wealthy population rode carriages sauntered broadway canal street battery morning services fashionable churches st thomas st bartholomew
observance memorial began shortly civil war purpose honor war dead north south passed united states fought wars memorial occasion commemorating lives lost military conflicts popular mind military dead ancestral dead family dead remembered graves tended adorned flowering plants sense memorial ties ancient festivals dead culture observances honor deceased greeks march commemoration dead romans lavish flowers celebrated parentalia decorating graves japan feast lanterns prescribed period annual homage paid ancestors difference memorial oldest festivals essentially seasonal rituals occurring chaos overtook earth prior rebirth reordering boundaries death dissolved dead thought visit living village waterloo york legally established claim birthplace memorial local druggist henry welles suggested dead civil war remembered decorating graves flowers union general john murray approved idea gathered support veterans advance committee formed purpose devising program observance
shavuot feast weeks began simple ritual biblical times marking barley harvest israelite farmer expected dedicate portion fruits grain lord token recognition protected crops king solomon built temple jerusalem offering shifted countryside shrines capital city times expected jerusalem festival offering pesach passover spring shavuot sukkot feast booths autumn holidays called pilgrim festivals shavuot known understood jewish holidays shavuot grew changed jewish centuries holiday modest origins took meanings reflected changing fortunes jews ages preserved important theme covenant god israel israel acceptance god law protection considerable dispute jews exact date observance shavuot biblical festival date biblical law shavuot observed jews sixth sivan june weeks passover reform jews shortened shavuot traditionally observed days practice stemming calendrical irregularities ancient times beginning passover jews biblical times measured omer barley culminating shavuot fiftieth
president harry signed national flag bill august giving official recognition june flag president designated proclamation date flag urged stars stripes displayed suitable ceremonies performed honor flag american flag transformations george washington raised banner headquarters continental army january century executive order president william howard taft june relative proportions flag arrangement stars officially standardized sixty national flags varying dimensions executive departments federal government reduced twelve sizes uniform design flag raised george washington grand union cambridge flag merely adaptation british merchant naval flag red ensign consisting red field british union canton upper left portion washington imposed white stripes red field forming thirteen red white stripes indicative thirteen colonies removing british union signified held allegiance british stripes clarified position nicely grand union flag adopted congress navy shore fortifications bill calling flag passed
growing restless shooting rabbits longed join war parties watched going evenings wandered village found tipi telling stories famous raids invited sit ear pressed skin wall later night brother tipi imagine things happening asked brother let join raiding party laughed watched closely sure run fourteen camped bear creek tributary musselshell river empties big river heard shows wing belly bank leading war party recover horses stolen piegans brother give permission knew shows wing require elder brothers helping watch run strolled edge tipis carrying bow arrows brother turned ran tipi bushes arriving top nearby ridge hid rocks war party walked afraid join showed stopped noon meal shows wing asked answered wanted helper
uncle gyko gave dollars strongfort envelope york full strongfort secrets strangely simple stuff known lazy pay attention idea early morning hour kinds acrobatic exercises illustrated drink plenty water plenty fresh air eat wholesome food giant felt let strongfort short polite note saying note heard meantime rules growing powerful say meantime mean days rules decided sleep getting filling house noise getting grandmother sore wake darkness early morning shout impractical fool rich sleep minutes wake shout buy sell profit sleep waken shout sons king wise father crazy girls brains bird
summer twelve luke baldwin live uncle henry house stream sawmill forget promised dying father try learn things uncle watch carefully uncle henry manager sawmill big burly weighing hundred thirty pounds rough skinned brick colored face looked powerful health aches pains shoulders puzzled doctor thing luke learned uncle henry respect employed sawmill polite attentive spoke wife luke aunt helen kindly plump straightforward woman argued try uncle henry say luke wonderfully practical takes care easy luke trail sawmill uncle henry liked fresh clean smell newly cut wood big piles sawdust impressed uncle precise firm tone spoke uncle henry stop explain luke piece timber try learn essential facts son say facts fool
expected anger flame father face grew calmer weeks news violence bloodshed welcome relief petty waiting summons court hour drove rio cedro sitting buggy king trinidad brown solid change horses galloping dust mind whipping team region half wide france goats leaping flying beards front horses cedar branches whipping buggy sides narrow trail staying night humble bed village sleeping finally matching strength enemies putty hands glad evening deputy bonito county arrived apologetically summons gray glance al sleeper held queer light mustache jutting face waterfall roily mountain stream mouth looked forbidding spoke mother early morning summons mexican rider father knew desert finch trying catch eagle mansion convent father native villagers asking ride governor bunting trimmed train
hoped withhold public scrutiny curious events concern past month knew course talk neighborhood heard distortions current district stories hasten add particle truth desire privacy shattered yesterday visit members fourth estate assured story story escaped boundaries arrondissement light impending publicity think fair issue true details happenings known affair rue de order nonsense added set circumstances bizarrerie set events happened comment allowing public judge situation beginning summer carried family paris took residence pretty house rue de building period mews house property owned part inhabited noble french family age purity members consider bourbons unacceptable claimants throne france pretty converted stable floors rooms paved courtyard brought family consisting wife children small boys grown daughter course
awakened house awakened night terrified muffled scream children room took stairs burst room flicking light switch john sat bed squalling fingers dug half opened mouth mouth horrifyingly chewing looked bubble emerged fingers burst wet plopping sound chance keeping secret explained plopping gum pinned breadboard ice pick explanation easier proud help comfort strength family french cook solved problem refusing believe saw reasonable explained reasonable member reasonable spanish maid ordered paid exorcism parish priest poor hours strenuous effort muttering matter stomach soul weeks besieged monster burned fireplace causing splutter blue flames melt nasty mess ashes morning crawled keyhole children room leaving trail wood ash door awakened screams cadet
road ah yes road let think centuries road word magic armies gypsies beggars tinkers peasants merchants highwaymen scholars minstrels runaway apprentice boys found road recently fifty ago build house road friend mankind passed doors today road belongs entirely automobile builds house watch fords human road mechanical abstract inhuman roads american drivers think passing ahead think passing car ahead automobile evolved tin lizzie overblown cleopatra barge today demanded wider smoother straighter roads human juice distilled road building order accommodate desires automobile automobile demands constantly multiply faster build autobahns traffic engineers say government plans superhighways completed end hopelessly inadequate terms number kind automobile detroit expects spew twelve automania persists need wider roads townless superhighway clearly shape future part roger foresight transcontinental journey undertaken road
remember pride relief received news son passed driving test obtained license longer drive date sitting wheel chauffeur took giggly girl movie feature asked girl ticket booth exactly synchronized watch clock wall drove home spent evening drive theater pick passengers preferred parking front theater fathers cab driver waiting fare hours home watched television bed setting alarm clock say practice cut pretty fine setting alarm late meant leaping bed awake running house jumping car driving precisely maximum speed limit arriving front movie theater son girl friend emerged smelling popcorn despite gasoline consumed hours tempted leave engine running thirty seconds shut eye longer son driver license suffer embarrassment endured learner permit
stands car future kind vehicle seen ride times cars changed car surprises smaller today autos climb twist knocking hat tinted glass roof slides push control button merely step sink soft individual seat high neck support steering column adjustable forward backward comfortably seat pull wheel position suits push button adjust power braking pedals leg length flip starter switch smile low pitched whine gas turbine push forward button glide noiselessly street magnetic track avenue poodle suddenly darts front radar spots gently brakes car avenue speed feed lane slide slot magnetic track switch automatic drive set destination dial metro exit swivel seat rear facing television screen push newspaper button watch newscast ten minutes turn sports report
steps inside stifling room shack heat wood stove added bit sun look shimmering heat waves west mountains supposed side mountains blue ocean season heat hid mountains anyway breath ocean find hidden ranges wide scorching san joaquin valley earlier driving janey father told ocean west lowering top step sat humped listless tried find comfort thinking looked small lonely sitting shadow seated shrunk vanishing point abandoning heat road board shack larger substantial looking larkin family found shelter janey learned mexican family named romero lived dad talk soon larkins arrived morning janey wondered interest neighbors dad children course family children
corner iron bedstead rust paint mattress spent traveling top larkin car dumped mixed heap household things including roll bedding room small stove rusty bed chairs facing duty rest washtub wobbly table piece furniture hang things fence pretty soon mrs larkin janey needing bucket water wrung garment help dump tub janey sprang hold handle carried tub door poured contents parched ground want hang clothes show lupe plate janey asked save tub suds scrubbing rinse ready hang plenty show lupe plate janey decided thankfully needed lot show plate hurried showing ordinary plate meant doll meant brothers sisters meant begin belonged janey grandmother
janey knew perfectly dad say neglected pages scripture required read daily dad believed things food shelter reading janey slid resignedly chair dug bottom suitcase held willow plate lifted black leather bound book edges worn didn strange bible text book text book janey known harvests place place left schooling camp schools provided children wished wistfully regular school plenty books books child occurred suddenly lupe school lived surely belonged janey walked slowly chair wondering belong school regular school week week month month seen school coast didn remember stop change tire front school house red brick school house white columns front green lawn stretched nearly road
janey knew meant thought thief kind person sneak chicken house steal find called thief moment astonished feel resentment moment fists knotted sides fury straightened backbone grow inches half minute bounce looked quickly anger eyes don dare call thief choking don dare simply grinned amusement janey outburst mind play actin heard git warning undersized barefooted janey small tempest wrath flew bounce hitting kicking bare toes danger circled barking wildly bounce surprised sudden attack fell step quickly recovered seized janey wrists held writhing helplessly arm length voice silenced danger word calm tone asked going bounce dropped janey wrists red hot janey pushed hair head smoothed hands sides overalls looked newcomer smoldering eyes trace tears saw tall broad shouldered older father
janey argued occasion desire today knew going regular school longer satisfy anyway going couldn belong begun want stay place merely going district school longer janey wanted belong place district school member community camp school daily forceful reminder fact didn belong dreaded knew camp school children learned things jumble lessons janey find ahead boys girls age expected matter course things chance learn wouldn going coming endless questions tiresome fussing early school start wait asked dad let field thought knew past experience wouldn
hours dragged sun rode high heavens swift fingers moved green plants sweeping cotton picking sacks sacks weighed fluffy contents dumped trucks high sides bulged snowy loads pickers snatched hasty lunch halting afternoon wore final outcome race guessed larkin lead field challenge chances place huge negro big black hands moved unerring deftness lightning speed chaffed white rival hailing distance larkin replied kind janey worn excitement sitting lupe larkin car thousand dollars janey asked suddenly money prizes occupied mind easy let dreams wealth lift thoughts mere sums wholly fantastic amounts lupe took moment consider question answered thousand dollars buy automobile light yellow shining wheels red leather inside horns drive anytime wanted lupe eyes fairly glowed contemplated splendid vision
dad tried throw gloom greeted miss peterson thanked gifts smile convincing attempts conversation moments miss peterson rose bed soon able spare want janey school told mrs larkin janey hearing words meant surprised find meaning whatsoever mock moment found wishing left unsaid course miss peterson spoken sincerely couldn possibly janey knew suddenly looking miss peterson friendly kind thinking janey didn regret words feel edge belonging closer lupe willow plate dad moved window spoke turning round starting school soon wife able travel maybe leaving heading imperial don want lose understand miss peterson reached coat door paused give janey hug soon promised
let mom settling strong dad janey equal task adequate amount furniture rooms including rocking chairs mom sat gave orders twinkling dad fire roaring cook stove mrs anderson appeared extra quilts lounge corner janey bed sleep seat cushion janey worked stop try grasp fully truly settling anderson ranch stay wonderful real place clean dad janey bounce careless housekeeper larkin belongings exception willow plate tucked janey turned mom put willow plate mom shook head proper house tank house comfortable plate real house going set real house janey put willow plate sight bureau drawer easily couldn help feeling twinge regret willow plate big difference room
pole janey color traveled length lightning speed circle left dance yes janey missed step thought struck bounce reyburn meanness janey danced bounce wondering clutter satisfactory bad mixed sweet couldn stand janey feeling dance end answer finally grown lupe return ranch larkins spend night inspect house finished furniture needed moved furniture fresno janey learned felt couldn manage exist managed excitement festival janey didn wait reached home insisted lupe house lupe needed urging front door janey intent business notice mrs anderson house larkins return crossing yard
night hotel presented twenty ball players toy kids passed lobby medicine ball asked autograph warned taking showers team guy ziggy height lost slipped drain ziggy finally put place morse sacker ziggy late season want catch eyes scouts practice let field tonight hit flies rolled lobby rug love ran room place fell returned minutes later lantern fly swatters big game danville penguins strongest team league led games course main reason strong sloppy graham big pitcher league assured major berth detroit let tell sloppy psychological case scared death tight clothing afraid strangled clothes wore suits sizes big heard rumors lived nudist colony season
atticus feeble nearly fifty jem asked started late felt reflected abilities manliness older parents school contemporaries jem say classmates father jem football crazy atticus tired play keepaway jem wanted tackle atticus say son father didn worked office drugstore atticus drive dump truck county sheriff farm garage possibly arouse admiration wore glasses nearly blind left eye left eyes tribal curse finches wanted turned head looked eye things schoolmates fathers hunting play poker fish drink smoke sat livingroom read attributes remain inconspicuous wished school buzzed talk defending tom robinson complimentary bout cecil jacobs committed policy cowardice word scout finch wouldn fight daddy wouldn let
don think radley yard atticus fence stop follow road thought mad dogs foamed mouth galloped leaped lunged throats thought august tim johnson behaved frightened deadly deserted waiting street trees mockingbirds silent carpenters miss maudie house vanished heard tate sniff blow nose saw shift gun crook arm saw miss stephanie crawford face framed glass window front door miss maudie appeared stood atticus put foot rung chair rubbed hand slowly side thigh softly tim johnson sight walking dazedly rim curve parallel radley house look whispered jem heck walked straight line stay road looks sick let front straight tate put hand forehead leaned forward finch tim johnson advancing snail pace playing sniffing foliage dedicated course motivated invisible force inching
goes tea bell mrs carter hope simon hears looked window drawingroom garden agreeably neglected ended waste plot summerhouse passing close beauty complete decay simon retreat completely screened tangled branches apple tree pear tree planted close suburbs caught glimpse strutted mouthing gesticulating performing solemn jumbo small boys spend afternoons forgotten ends gardens bless betty playing game mrs carter won play children temper comes tired sleep afternoons asked betty big simon ideas mrs carter let choose says chooses comes white sheet look heard bell betty expression justified bell ceased ringing full minute ago small simon stopped parade exactly tinny dingle moment reached ear watched perform ritual sweeps scratchings stick lagging hot flaggy grass house mrs carter led playroom garden room tearoom hot days
blush carter proper part anatomy small simon fantasy stage small simon things don boy father late reason harm fantasy chap harm bit believe difference daydreams real things brain grow brain big simon let hear beelzy boy earth father terrible fellow frightened child smiling bit hope father frightening telling older frightening funny giant boy thing father sounds pretty vague tell love small boy loves big word carter real things big simon small simon real boy passionately fool
memphis lived story brick tenement stone buildings concrete pavements looked bleak hostile absence green growing things city dead living space mother brother father kitchen bedroom front rear paved areas brother play days afraid strange city streets tenement personality father fully orbit concern worked night porter beale street drugstore important forbidding learned noise asleep daytime lawgiver family laughed presence lurk timidly kitchen doorway watch huge body sitting slumped table stared awe gulped beer tin bucket ate heavily sighed belched closed eyes nod stuffed belly fat bloated stomach lapped belt stranger alien remote morning brother playing rear flat found stray kitten set loud persistent meowing fed scraps food gave water meowed
stop beat want big beat beat means ape fly wiggle wobble freem lurch shindig hullabaloo noisy shallow teen age bit understands teen gruesome word part human parts neanderthal adult teen age delirium coexisted centuries cold war bearable adults reassure ogre eyes phase joined sane company grown endure pass whisper moments extreme agony desperation teen retracted horns tuned transistorized ears cleaned fingernail picked whirlpooled room admitted secrets universe short grew grows anymore says killer joe piro high priest big beat cult maturity judgment din confusion issuing teen age pit splits gentle air rends night smells stale pizza assail nostrils skirt lengths fly berserk elevator minute hemline soaring knee plunged ankles mersey beat granny look hair sprouts wild skull
gus hair mother father cut don cut gave reasons guess let hair grow place lot guys real reason lot guys didn mean don guys let hair grow guess wanted wanted don felt natural don think beatles stones monkees bob dylan lot guys bob dylan don hair maybe lot mean short hair hair wouldn let frizzed hair guess frizzed hair dylan tough frizzed hair gus wouldn anyway practically bald difference frizzed crew cut hair couple hacked folks liked kidded lot bobby pins curlers hairnets girl knew mind kidding
stuff called hair stuff boys suspended school boys home notes parents read hair eyes collar line hair neat bushy ears overlap ears sideburns extend midpoint ears son return school soon haircut acceptable board policy boys haircuts returned school afternoon later court american civil liberties union stepped picture privacy violated boys want hair school officials care length answers period history bothered problem plutarch greek writer century observed hair looking beautiful ugly terrible testament times apostle paul wrote letter corinthians saying doth nature teach hair shame puritans massachusetts bay colony firm stand subject governor proclaimed uncertain terms declare manifest dislike detestation wearing hair doe deforme doe corrupt manners
ahead intersection lights blinked yellow red sedan square tall stopped lane hard top convertible slanting taillight flare say brakes didn red light didn car ahead watch joel yelled big red car top sedan rubber squealed hard top whipped left sharply joel heard crash hard top sideswiped sedan sedan bounced curb bounced high lost wheel hard top stop center empty intersection joel stopped short car left coupe lights motor idling ran rain sedan driver seat guy white hair glasses hung crookedly face hurt joel asked ran joel tried door handle window broken inside latch worked wasn making sense saying ran sitting ran didn pain blood broken joel straightened glasses say hit saw hard top intersection thirty feet door panel caved fender rippled taillight scratched compared guy jalopy
full meaning mother death settled put grave buried afternoon nightfall big family starting break fifteen sixteen youngest money older brothers sisters scraping money train ticket north live st paul minnesota sister maggie lee mother asked minutes died leaving train poppa stood sideways looking kansas countryside stood awkwardly waiting say boy remember momma teachin remember teachin promised turned kissed stubbly cheek started climbing train parents filled love strong religion poor rich soil clapboard house food family love family eased burden black segregated schools warnings white neighborhoods dark sit peanut gallery negro section movies allowed drink soda drugstore town stoned beaten called nigger black boy darky shine names began accept normal
hands feet stiff dollars fifty cents left pay brother law rest thought warmth school week remembered closed holidays diner worked closed till monday lump throat watched pool players green billiard tables cursing laughter ghosts pool hall closed rode trolley cars ends line st paul minneapolis slept waking sound snow sleet trolley windows thought getting stops someplace riding night awoke car empty dark doors open wind snow swept ends sat rubbed frost window looked falling snow trees lights landscape car stormy blackness rubbed window sputtering bluish white light trolley operator swinging contact pole power line slipped lights railing view bridge high mississippi river
happened amazing thing whirling blurring mix stopped suddenly rivera stood danny lay hook rivera dropped mid air suddeness death referee shoved rivera hand stood danny counting seconds custom prize fighting audiences cheer clean knockdown blow audience cheer thing unexpected silence voice roberts rose told handed fighter danny rolling face counted rested knee ready rise count count ten knee touched floor ten considered instant knee left floor considered instant rivera try put rivera took chances moment knee left floor strike circled referee circled rivera knew seconds counted slow gringos referee rounds tame danny stalled blocked held trying recover dazing round blow fourth round landed blows rivera punishing blows deadly
peered rotting tree stump saw moving helmet bushes forehead sights squeezed trigger imagined saw bullet puncture head blood trickle jerome awh re dead sounded definite compromised wounded tommy tommy voice high scrambled knees ma porch house vacant lot playing minute dear want wearing yellow dress porch red brick hopped ran foot steps top mister bixby left hat waited ambush jerome seen mister bixby climb hour later chug steps father poker playing friends mentioned remembered mister bixby wearing arrived white wide brimmed panama hat black band entering parents room floor saw bed mother picked walk house walk say don run drop ruin white spect dirt shone black star white sky
regular riot going bar trying catch hold pablo running breaking chairs tables finally caught tied tipped piano pretend played cuban song piano called police held wagon saw court morning judge looking pablo didn believe kind gentle things plain pablo wrecked irishman bar judge sentenced thirty days city jail fifty dollars damages pablo couldn pay judge gave thirty extra days didn pablo months home changed wasn smiling remember smile soon house told going knew mad want spend months jail want didn understand ask re going white bar fight jail jail change jennie don try change
looking today balding modestly satisfied middle aged lawyer believe played football college thing thought entered college didn weigh athlete loved watch game desire play football ordinary times minor affair streetcar college war captain quarterback wrote poetry idea talked going look jim thorpe kid center snap ball beat eleven didn team seldom game remembered football days glory don bore friends don advise son weekends television football game gotten complicated bearing mean monster technicians running minute small speciality supposed major difference assume heart thing ruin ball prevent ruin rest stuff style matter beef add play matter fancy names give formations primitive quality essential rage hit indifference harm
turned head quick snapping thud told clean tackle ball carrier watched trotting wondered show satisfaction gave stride took tried summon sense landscape place called bavaria thought heard sonny killed coach told learned letter sonny army buddies sonny talked lot football part small scouting party lost enemy lines try hid woods large farmhouse wanted wait troops caught german military truck parked house saw going house lights evening believe soldiers inside didn waited waited stayed woods night night morning hear artillery sound vehicles highway guessed germans moving nearby town guessed house soon truck join soon door sonny buddies stop sonny broke tree began racing open field startled german soldier
forest terrific noises uneven line suddenly appeared fired fiercely rapidly distant bushes appeared puffs white smoke sound firing added thunder guns hill line ran forward color sergeant fell flat flag slipped ice cheering faraway field collins suddenly felt demon fingers pressed ears flying arrows flaming red stumbled shock explosion mad rush house shelter air pieces shell howled ran canteens knocked neared house detail scene clear saw bricks chimney lying ground door hung hinge rifle bullets bushes mingled shells air torn directions hootings yells howls sky full fiends directed wild rage head threw looked darkness feet surface trace silver grabbed canteens opened swung cord water flowed slowly lay face turned suddenly hit terror
karen boone stood porter looked land start trail leading mountains august snow tops mountains porter land turned black fire small cabin burned days ago set fire dry grass left blackened land karen wearing jeans green shirt white blue patch shoulder shirt patch words united states young adult conservation corps karen turned summer working forest service forestry aide porter wearing pants blue shirt sad look face understand want burn things shook head crazy guess porter karen softly camping mountains family friends mountains trail started porter land porter friends fires month porter think person karen worked don mitchell law enforcement officer forest service began setting fires arsonist mitchell job find
arsonist smoked cigarettes knew part left places fires set brand lipstick marks clues found scenes fires fact karen don mitchell believe fires set person karen drove rocky mountain road alpine lookout thinking knew simply wasn didn tell setting fires free setting free hurting forests animals porter young named steve dobbs charge alpine lookout thin blond liked spending lot job find signal fire smoke report crew fire fast begin fighting karen gave papers brought stood window lookout looked valleys mountains loved outdoors loved mountains evergreen trees giant rocks kinds animals living deer coyotes mountain cats raccoons bears dozens thousands fish streams lakes
karen left deliver set papers alpine lookout drove road leading lookout station neared turnoff led brush valley felt heart beating faster worried brush valley arsonist strike wouldn pattern wasn mitchell thought strike road leading brush valley suddenly turned steering wheel truck radio call main office tell going minute later mitchell voice radio report steve karen fire brush valley set arsonist listen re turn truck let fire crew handle things re yes sir karen heart beating faster slowed truck looked place turn road narrow tall pine trees lined sides saw clearing side road small stream ran turn suddenly truck appeared straight ahead pickup coming coming fast karen quickly pulled road stream stopped truck turned head
strange beginning friendship kind friendship grown caddie indian john boys liked indian john caddie red gold curls big indian looked farm caddie left bits oddly carved wood doll funny doll tiny head pebble covered calico black horsehair braids calico arms legs buckskin dress john dog knew master friends caddie kind accepted friend rubbed head patted rough hair indian john left canoe forward dog grinning flattered patted dog yes caddie dog let put canoe asked tom eagerly look indian half finished canoe grunting grinning indians took fastened pliable sheaths birch bark place light framework sewing buckskin thongs cementing hot pitch children fascinated canoe lake indian canoe hollowed single log seen birch bark canoes river close making
things mind caddie ran comb tangled curls splashed water red dusty face moments later slipped silently place tom warren grownups talking paid attention tom warren untidy flushed afternoon escapade glanced mischievously barn seen circuit rider horse munching oats extra stall hastily cleaned pump supper table nick table clara hetty minnie white aprons neat braids sat straight clean eyes fixed piously circuit rider face baby joe high chair trying tooth silver spoon spotless white mrs conroy hired girl moved table fresh supplies food eyes rested caddie silent amusement caddie favorite woodlawn children largely amusing scrapes child woodlawn heaping plate beans brown bread daughter caddie ate obediently smarting disgrace beneath table feel hazelnuts rolling feet circuit rider asked mother intended making young lady young lady
presently mother door called family prayers stiff unaccustomed knees saying prayers bed robert ireton looking uneasy strange pitchfork banjo hands yellow lamplight slanted bowed heads half listening words caddie felt lifted borne circuit rider voice kind music twanging banjo birds dawn falling water mill wheel chanting indians aroused stirred silence deep amen silence broken gentle snore warren sleep head bent devoutly chair caddie shook hastily children trooped bed caddie hetty minnie shared room caddie helped younger difficult buttons tumbled beds sat drawing clothes slowly straining ears hear conversation father tanner talking war occasional word mother civil war remote children western wisconsin father paid fight place tom hill hired fight visitors farm grownups sat late night discussing
blue brown denim dresses suits everyday sunday clothes exciting nice dark woolens girls ruffly white aprons wear fun try things turn mirror mrs hyman mouth full pins begged stand boys enjoy trying fact tom red cross tried katie hyman sitting scarcely looked stitching yellow curls falling front face tom stumble footstool held dish pins hands hung short tight sleeves short tight jacket helpless sausages wonderful winter coats girls red black checked woolen cloth woven wool sheep finer father laid trimming braid evening lamplight mending clocks stitched braid place neat beautiful designs autumn slipped winter glad warm winter coats school snow fallen night covered ground thick white blanket school coldest weather complained hetty
saturday late december caddie drowning father brought eau galle skating season busy mill caddie boys strapped skates tried ice tom expert skater cutting figure eights scrolls spirals fine profusion ice caddie warren ambitious tom follow awkward imitation skill lacked skill tried daring careful black ice called tom kinda thin looking afraid laughed caddie warren dare caddie caddie scare black ice began creak crack crash smash caddie head adventure summer lake joke ice covered pond warren shrieked alarm fetch father mill tom saw instant action part save caddie cool presence mind warren lie ice catching hold warren feet pushed thin ice reach caddie groping hands hold tight warren shouted pull
loosened screw whizz bang spring flew whirr hit low ceiling screws cog wheels flew direction explosion circuit rider clock suddenly flown pieces caddie uttered cry despair looked wildly father say low chuckle stairway caddie sound startled eyes standing lower steps eyes level attic floor stood father watching idea father wailed pieces circuit rider clock father leaned wall staircase laughed caddie seen laugh hard laugh cry father repeated pieces laughing woodlawn stairs let pick pieces re going put clock caddie needing partner clock business don thought partner gasped caddie began race attic picking screws springs real partner father clara busy mother tom patience inclination yes caddie believe partner sat attic floor put circuit rider clock order
caddie set lamp table mother shawl bonnet caddie looked silently eyes frightened questioning stood table listening rumble voices peace friendly security quiet room flown february darkness father opened door father face grave outwardly calm usual johnny cried mrs woodlawn unable bear suspense longer hope husband laying hand absently caddie shoulder spoke country west tavern tonight told indians gathering uprising massacre breathed mother laying hands heart face white harriet word father quietly hope tavern rumor fool drink start rumor willing stake farm deal hold dear honor friendliness indians hereabouts clear heads ready emergencies happens white settlers stand told kent neighbors gather yes yes mrs woodlawn
afternoon supplies tom warren father watched fearful relieved stir road caddie felt strain waiting impatient faith indians indians kill indian john friend turn wish kill reason john brought gifts home forget ugly rumor started tavern caddie mrs woodlawn fetch basket turnips cellar caddie slipped coat took basket cellar door sloped ground side house brush group cellar talking earnestly faces dark anger excitement plagued irksome wait saying caddie brushed past cellar filled basket yes irksome wait don mean sorry indians meant suddenly plain stairs turnips
river stretched expanse blue gray ice gray sky carefully betsy slowly girl caddie held tight rein hand stroked horse neck girl slowly bank delicately ice betsy flung head nostrils distended hind legs slipped ice quivering instant struggled balance found pace slowly cautiously daintily forward picking snort disapproval wisdom young mistress ice creaked sound bear weight reached side scrambled bank woods proper sunset sudden lemon colored rift clouds west clouds closed darkness began fall ride blue cold caddie rode clearing indians built winter huts dogs ran barking warm smell smoke air fire blazing center clearing dark figures moved war paint feathers caddie heart pounded drew betsy stop surely women bending cooking pots running figures children coming swarm
woody working gas station cars money tap want fix hot rod bumble bee drag race car think fun drag car drag races tap maybe think fix bumble bee let big destruction derby going start want tap woody seeing destruction derby today rounds derby cars run rounds big derby cars coming pits banged tap yes cars woody cars lined front stands lines cars faced stands backs stands cars started tap drivers want front cars hit woody radiator broken engine hot car run try run fenders cars woody fender cuts tire car fast
woody pick things eat mother called room woody picked clothes things put bed bed left bumps things room bed places woody eat thank picking things woody mother woody looked mother hard sorry put things places woody ran room called mother woody pulled clothes bed ran putting woody pulled bed clothes bed woody looked room harder clean room putting things bed woody called mother want woody eating mother tap destruction derby car hurt derby woody mother don run cars cars
don want late woody ran hot rod cars station kelly called woody help money bags worked woody thought ask kelly don ask woody kelly ask minute comes car woody kelly want woody ran wait car filled gas help kelly kelly want ask woody kelly drive car destruction derby woody kelly working car drive destruction derby woody haven woody days working kelly working week woody asked kelly woody kelly look angry woody hoped say yes look kelly driving destruction derby easy looks drivers driving working week woody longer let drive car
don touch rabbit cathy comes woody tap don tell going going buck left rabbit things woody hank help wrong car woody hank tap cathy woody glad hank woody station called kelly hank station thought need wrong car woody think fender tire woody fender fixed yes hank give don hank started fender hank woody tap worked hard cathy put rabbit give tools bang clang wham rabbit didn noise hopped cars starting gate line big derby fender ready hank tire fixed boys woody tap worked faster worked tire woody car put helmet seat belt seeing called yellow jacket gate
car move win win drive car car running woody drove destruction derby track broken cars watched cars run yelled woody woods woody woods wins destruction derby running woody drove car front track big stand woody woods stand standing shouting woody woods yellow jacket win derby woody win destruction derby ahead driving luck luck woody started say don laughing talking woody looked yelled woody look seat car woody looked yellow jacket saw rabbit seat car woody luck rabbit feet rabbit car cathy carl ran track tap hank ran yellow jacket going pick rabbit sorry rabbit afraid noise car
woody yellow jacket buck saw buck run gate pits buck pits cars ran cars pits woody yellow jacket ran buck ran place caught kelly rabbit buck give cathy rabbit buck rabbit don rabbit look rabbit jacket asked cathy jacket buck eat rabbit put head front buck jacket laugh cathy going hurt maybe going eat give rabbit buck kelly won drive driver going hurt cathy rabbit wasn buck pretty angry cathy wasn going hurt rabbit wanted luck didn luck today rabbit won bring luck cathy
buck house dog kennel dog realm plunged swimming tank hunting judge sons escorted mollie alice judge daughters twilight early morning wintry nights lay judge feet roaring library fire carried judge grandsons rolled grass guarded footsteps wild adventures fountain stable yard paddocks berry patches terriers stalked imperiously toots ysabel utterly king king creeping crawling flying things judge miller place humans included father elmo huge st bernard judge inseparable companion buck bid fair follow father large weighed hundred forty pounds mother shep scotch shepherd dog hundred forty pounds added dignity comes living universal respect enabled carry royal fashion puppyhood lived sated aristocrat fine pride trifle egotistical country gentlemen insular situation saved mere pampered house dog hunting kindred outdoor delights fat hardened muscles cold races love water tonic health preserver
glad thing rope neck unfair advantage show rope neck resolved days nights ate drank days nights torment accumulated fund wrath boded ill fell foul eyes turned blood shot metamorphosed raging fiend changed judge recognized express messengers breathed relief bundled train seattle gingerly carried crate wagon small high walled yard stout red sweater sagged generously neck signed book driver buck divined tormentor hurled savagely bars smiled grimly brought hatchet club going driver asked sure replied driving hatchet crate pry instantaneous scattering carried safe perches top wall prepared watch performance buck rushed splintering wood sinking teeth surging wrestling hatchet fell inside snarling growling furiously anxious red sweater calmly intent getting
dave wheeler sled dog pulling front buck sol rest team strung ahead single file leader position filled spitz buck purposely dave sol receive instruction apt scholar equally apt teachers allowing linger error enforcing teaching sharp teeth dave fair wise nipped buck failed nip stood need francois whip backed buck found cheaper mend ways retaliate halt tangled traces delayed start dave sol flew administered sound trouncing resulting tangle worse buck took care traces clear ere mastered mates ceased nagging francois whip snapped frequently perrault honored buck lifting feet carefully examining hard run canon sheep camp past scales timber line glaciers snowdrifts hundreds feet deep chilcoot divide stands salt water fresh guards forbiddingly sad lonely north
highly dog driver forevalued buck devils found young undervalued bound buck took duties leadership judgment required quick thinking quick acting showed superior spitz francois seen equal giving law making mates live buck excelled dave sol mind change leadership business business toil toil mightily traces interfered care happened billee lead cared order rest team grown unruly days spitz surprise buck proceeded lick shape pike pulled buck heels put ounce weight breast band compelled swiftly repeatedly shaken loafing ere pulling night camp joe sour punished roundly thing spitz succeeded buck simply smothered virtue superior weight cut till ceased snapping began whine mercy general tone team picked immediately
cassiar bar reached weak falling repeatedly traces scotch half breed called halt took team making dog sol fast sled intention rest dave letting run free sled sick dave resented grunting growling traces unfastened whimpering broken saw sol position held served pride trace trail sick death bear dog sled started floundered soft snow alongside beaten trail attacking sol teeth rushing trying thrust soft snow side striving leap inside traces sled whining yelping crying grief pain half breed tried drive whip paid heed stinging lash heart strike harder dave refused run quietly trail sled going easy continued flounder alongside soft snow going difficult till exhausted fell lay fell howling lugubriously train sleds churned remnant strength managed stagger till train stop floundered past sleds stood alongside sol
inevitable short dog food hastened feeding bringing nearer feeding commence dogs digestions trained chronic famine voracious appetites addition worn huskies pulled weakly hal decided orthodox ration small doubled cap mercedes tears pretty eyes quaver throat cajole giving dogs stole fish sacks fed slyly food buck huskies needed rest making poor heavy load dragged sapped strength severely underfeeding hal awoke fact dog food half distance quarter covered love money additional dog food obtained cut orthodox ration tried increase travel sister brother law seconded frustrated heavy outfit incompetence simple matter give dogs food impossible dogs travel faster inability earlier morning prevented travelling longer hours dogs
spring end wandering found lost cabin shallow placer broad valley gold showed yellow butter bottom washing pan sought farther worked earned thousands dollars clean dust nuggets worked gold sacked moose hide bags fifty pounds bag piled firewood spruce bough lodge giants toiled days flashing heels days dreams heaped treasure dogs save hauling meat thornton killed buck spent hours musing fire vision short hairy frequently blinking fire buck wandered remembered salient thing fear watched hairy sleeping fire head knees hands clasped buck saw slept restlessly starts awakenings times peer fearfully darkness fling wood fire walk beach sea hairy gathered shell fish ate gathered eyes roved hidden danger legs prepared run wind appearance
cunning wolf cunning wild cunning intelligence shepherd intelligence st bernard intelligence experience gained fiercest schools formidable creature roamed wild carnivorous animal living straight meat diet full flower high tide overspilling vigor virility thornton passed caressing hand snapping crackling hand hair discharging pent magnetism contact part brain body nerve tissue fibre keyed exquisite pitch parts perfect equilibrium adjustment sights sounds events required action responded lightning rapidity quickly husky dog leap defend attack attack leap quickly saw movement heard sound responded dog required compass mere seeing hearing perceived determined responded instant point fact actions perceiving determining responding sequential infinitesimal intervals appeared simultaneous muscles surcharged vitality snapped play sharply steel springs streamed splendid flood glad rampant burst asunder sheer ecstasy pour generously dog john thornton partners watched buck marching camp
face end half hour wolves drew discomfited tongues lolling white fangs showing cruelly white moonlight lying heads raised ears pricked forward stood feet watching lapping water pool wolf lean gray advanced cautiously friendly manner buck recognized wild brother run night whining softly buck whined touched noses wolf gaunt battle scarred forward buck writhed lips preliminary snarl sniffed noses wolf sat pointed nose moon broke wolf howl sat howled call buck unmistakable accents sat howled angle pack crowded sniffing half friendly half savage manner leaders lifted yelp pack sprang woods wolves swung yelping chorus buck ran side side wild brother yelping ran end story buck yeehats noted change breed timber wolves seen splashes brown head muzzle rift white centering chest
joe smothered laugh accident keith stone accidents leaves tree give hand joe boosted keith window keith peered locker room highland tigers dressed purple white uniforms sat walls tense silent keith saw door suddenly open papa charlie team head coach waddled papa charlie chewing chocolate bar assistant coach hank spicer turned scowling plays blackboard growl silence listen coach things say field listening runs laps game papa charlie center room looked team boys gazing window keith surprised eyes wet tears boys going tell told asked team coached football member team silent keith leaned joe push whispered joe gave shove keith lost grip flipped window tried stop falling grabbing wall locker locker tipped tumbled ripped training cabinet wall bandages tape bottles iodine crashed floor keith hit locker skidded cabinet rolled papa charlie coach pile floor
field keith lips numb insides melting feeling worst case pre game jitters keith knew start important season highland junior high win papa charlie wipe southside map tubby shouted squad bunched kick re seventh eighth graders don stand chance mean guys coach spicer called slapped helmets slapped keith helmet keith eyes rattled coach spicer couldn slap keith jitters rain begun early began falling harder tubby kicked southside ball squirted young awkward players frightened kid picked muddy ball tubby tank burner tigers huge middle guard pasted knocking ball hands speedy gazelle crosby highland fastest end fell highland kicked gotten ball fumble highland tigers southside yard line papa charlie grinning chewing chocolate fun usual sitting bench keith watched gregg gold run huddle offensive players shouting clapping fumble recovery extra happy gregg ball center backed cocked arm pass southside defenders spread cover gregg didn pass faked throw tucked ball arm ran yards touchdown
tired highland tigers huddled puddle mud flare pass keith ordered nuts shouted tubby pass crazy picked pass cross keith insisted won expecting throw play ball play ball coach spicer screamed sidelines need gregg gold tubby complained let keith call game barked center colby rucker colby team captain heavyweight wrestler seldom spoke players listened offense left huddle splashed ball keith walked colby rucker crouched action keith tried look cool wanted cool give players confidence keith called signals set hut hut hut colby rucker banged ball keith hands highland southside lines slammed thuds grunts keith dropped pass pass play crossed southside defense players charging stop thought run highland end gazelle crosby running wide open easy catch keith didn ball slipped wet fingers hit ground lying pile happy southside players fumble game gave southside yard line tubby kicked mud quarterbacking
papa charlie looked players spoke understood papa charlie meant coach spicer listen guys regional football team team league em bad today re getting re going regional tigers gave gloomy cheer walked field regional players powder blue white going exercises biggest junior high squad keith seen biggest size biggest numbers team snappy exercises mass players moving single oiled unit gazelle crosby muttered chewed spat greatest junior high team think offer coach chocolate papa charlie tigers exercises waddled field wheezing trip didn want bad squad gave weak laugh gloomy papa charlie jokes couldn perk tigers won coin flip thing win muttered tubby tigers field cheer rose sidelines huge crowd flowing stands biggest crowd remember highland field regional side rising cheers tigers voices rocked air
play pitched larry bowers ran yards highland tigers regional territory keith rolled left yards lost yards counter larry bowers threw pass tubby sneaked backfield haul ball finger tips touchdown tubby kicked extra point tigers lead tigers held lead half papa charlie gave sentence pep talk harder half players found talking field tigers ball keith saw brand powder blue jerseys line thought regional changed uniforms realized uniforms defensive team slower team players played half fresher lot meaner keith downs running counters option passes tiger offensive line began burn rest game moved forward inches yards fourth quarters regional squad pounded highland tigers teams offensive defensive tigers held minutes left game regional scored run quarterback tried pass points fumbled ball tigers held lead
holding ball keith hit sides ball popped fingers game ball championship couple seconds keith felt mountain powder blue swarmed keith slammed ground keith stone hit ground confident keith stone matter regional keith knew going lead tigers championship pile regional players covered keith heard cheers hysterical cheers heard southside game moment keith worried relief realized cheers coming visitor side coming tigers rooters keith feet looked field tubby running goal line tubby ball tubby grabbed fumble midair run tubby past regional player dived fullback tubby stumbled hit regional player tripped began fall fell end zone tubby scored touchdown run hundred yards tigers touchdown luckiest play keith part ref blew whistle game highland tigers beaten regional tigers junior high champs highland tigers fans ran shouting field keith spotted mother father
defense offense slapped jim nardi harm jim ball anyway jim looked bucky hayes husky left tackle jim close buddy mind wanted tell bucky ball slipped lie talk hang trotted bench avoiding doug eyes doug brother coach vulcans college played football freshman high school end happened jim asked quietly mean knocked ball knocked ball hands jim flushed didn don think knock okay okay forget chris howe quarterbacked vulcans ball cadets yard line vulcans lost yards offside penalty play chris flipped spiral pass end zone hitting left end ben trainor yard inside bounds line touchdown fullback ronnie holmes kicked conversion quarter cadet safety picked pass chris intended pete witz flashy end cadet pulled vulcans fourteen tried double reverse gained yards
hook grinned crookedly room guts red flamed front jim wasn color opponent jersey hot flaming anger knotted fists stepped hook ready let stopped thought matter badly wanted hook eat words wasn going fight thrown game maybe hook thrown thing thing ignore wise guy awful admit dil hook jim tried intercept pass opponent terrible feeling sweep rush head swell ready explode feeling system play football high school doug let playing vulcans game season slapped hear bucky jim forced smile mon let lined kickoff whistle shrilled cadets line sprang forward fullback booted ball sailed end end vulcan territory hook caught twenty bolted field twisting dodging
model car racing chuckie favorite sport calling jim race course chuckie brother dil raced hook wheeler guys chuckie liked jim jim liked chuckie crippled polio sure someday going wheelchair walk maybe exercises afternoon clinic muscles getting stronger started race room jim glanced shoulder spirit melted butter hot pancakes hi dil hi hook boys greeted exchanged greetings chuckie jim jiggled plunger thumb slow lotus completed lap headed sharp curve chuckie porsche carrera foot ahead lotus winning asked hook started race replied chuckie won brag dil maybe jim shook sure beat hook joined jim contact afraid nurff guys pipe cried chuckie irritably race guys shootin mouths controller hot jim hand guys going dropping passes yesterday
funny hook jim cracking grin sight rare hen teeth tackle business ball re scared stiff tackling figure jim shrugged think jim started think shoulder teams formed line scrimmage tom willis barked signals jim shifted middle linebacker slot anxious burst haul ball carrier hook wasn afraid tackle matter fact enjoyed snap center jim tore line amid loud noise shouts helmets thudding helmets shoulder pads jim heard shrill sound springing forward suddenly falling tom willis falling hard phreeeeep jim rolled tom looked ref crouched finger pointed tip sword fifteen yards didn hear whistle jim stared piling son cried hook stamping feet ref picked ball stepped fifteen yards violation took place spotted ball vulcans twenty jim bucky hayes knack wrong thing wrong guess plain lucky answered jim frowned bewilderment
bucky opened large black covered scrapbook printed white ink inside cover inscription scrapbook belongs william hayes bill freshman high school bucky explained proudly didn doug scrapbook jim flipped pages saw scrapbook contained pictures clippings sports bill played baseball football basketball participated track athlete yes doug sports scrapbook think started junior wanted show exactly bucky sat chair jim read caption picture bill football uniform foot high air kicked football lancey high scrappy halfback bill hayes key game beacon city tomorrow afternoon read maybe shouldn bucky added shouldn bucky looked directly didn doug say jim frowned pulled scrapbook table lap say crying loud bucky re mysterious tell tell bucky took deep breath let took scrapbook flipped pages stopped middle book jim lap doug clipping scrapbook asked pointing newspaper write left side
teams played tight game minute fourth quarter vulcans facing wind game started half started ufos facing wind choice receiving choosing goal vulcans ball ufos eighteen ten ken place doug ordered yak lee tell chris ground yak ran ken morris ran gained yards tries tell chris ronnie boot uprights ordered doug ken raced yak raced exactly ronnie kicked uprights field goal vulcans won game jim church sunday morning model airplane paint paint thinner brush garage windy windy hated step outdoors fortunately wind blew south wasn bitterly cold thing say jim played yesterday football game mind contributed winning glad bad chances interceptions chance freeze statue heck statues museums football field hoped thought funny bring smile face apparently wasn
ten astrojets ball muff thought jim guys think dropped ball scared wasn scared ball wobbled willis called signals took snap faded jim drove hard line head high quarterback waist padded shoulders thudded padded shoulders plowed center tackle barely missed stepping marv wallace fallen knees barely yard willis jim dove hit quarterback solidly knocked ground hey quarterback shouted jim lying top willis knew instantly wrong willis glaring arms outflung ground jim rose bewilderedly feet saw ref standing foot feet red flag ball happened anyway saw astrojet throw ball sidelines realize happened willis thrown pass yak jim addressed linebacker happened touchdown pass thrown bounds fouled nailed willis thrown pass booboo hook throwing icy glare bar face mask ball bounds hit willis
vulcans reached astrojets eighteen lost ball fumble willis clicked thirty yard pass end astrojet guard offside ball half ended vulcans leading minute start half astrojet quarterback pulled sneak took run netted forty yards plays later threw touchdown pass try point score tied fourth quarter ronnie holmes broke tackle twenty yard run rammed spot yard gain chris howe tossed pass ben trainor corner pocket ben caught galloped open field touchdown ronnie booted try point game ended vulcans fat end bucky jim walking home thanks telling hook maybe shouldn maybe enemy loss replied bucky big blowhard anyway let forget think week game ufos coming think game season chance win place league jim replied grimly rip kiley ufos quarterback caught snap center faded
ufos ran kickoff twenty yards caught ball tried run left end gained yards rip kiley flipped short pass line scrimmage high looping high jim leaped high touched ball tips fingers dropped jim pulled chest tore hole scrimmage line past saw ufos charging left side grabbed ball stomach lowered head bolted forward hit helmets shoulder pads thumped felt pain sides arms sagged piled heard whistle ufos climbed lifted head saw ref standing reaching ball sprang feet saw bucky marv yak lee hook grinning ran field let offense running plays vulcans advanced ball ufos ronnie bucked chris took ronnie kicked extra point vulcans lead fifty seconds later game vulcans shouted danced tossed helmets air
fastest car win race car finish line amount wins car speed important driver trying set record shows car runs quarter mile race seconds speed miles hour car runs distance seconds speed miles hour car wins race finish line car accelerated higher speed finish line took longer driver left starting line driver reacts quickly advantage finishes close drag strips look alike track center attention asphalt highways city streets side return lane grandstands spectators pits drivers crews cars starting end track burnout staging areas burnout attention makes lot smoke streams car drivers cars spin rear wheels water heat tires helps tires grip track give car traction heat tires creates smoke burnouts allowed area drag strip dry
top fuel dragsters fastest quickest cars sport called rails run quarter mile track seconds cars reach speeds miles hour top fuel dragsters supercharged engines capable horsepower burn special fuel called nitromethane top fuel cars look dragsters open wheel cars means wheels cockpit open engine driver rear tires traction large rear wheels called slicks tapered front end small light wheels motorcycle wheels shirley muldowney champion top fuel driver woman licensed drive top fuel dragster woman driven race car faster miles hour shirley top fuel champion women compete sport funny cars funny fast powerful machines type engines power top fuel dragsters burn nitromethane funny car driver sits inside car engine funny car bodies molded piece look regular cars hoods doors car hinged entire body car raised driver driver seat mechanics engine
term heads means car begins car head start handicap rest sportsmen categories run handicap basis means slower cars head start nhra decides class cars slower head start handicaps published list called index class index written car windshield race category holds series qualifying runs car establish elapsed cars listed according cars qualify category series eliminator races category winner eliminates loser race races continue cars left category cars race decide top eliminator category current record quarter mile drag strip seconds miles hour speeds fast hazardous safety important cars pass safety check nhra event driver valid street driver license driver top categories licensed nhra drive race car cars safety belts harnesses roll bars cages help protect driver case car rolls
dad returned trip whistled family assembly call turned sidewalk large brown home montclair call tune composed whistled loud shrill doubling tongue front teeth took considerable effort dad exercised help ended puffing exhaustion call important meant drop running risk dire consequences note gilbreth children dashing corners house yard neighborhood dogs barking hellishly converged blocks heads popped windows houses dad gave whistle gave important family announcement wanted sure hear gave bored wanted excitement children gave invited friend home wanted introduce friend family show friend quickly family assemble occasions dad click stopwatch carried vest pocket dad ideas assembly call nuisance sense demonstrated bonfire leaves driveway control spread side house dad whistled house evacuated fourteen seconds seconds record
look say yes tree look study mother spun stories things studied unforgettable dad saw motion study team ant hill mother saw highly complex civilization governed fat queen thousand black slaves bring breakfast bed mornings dad stopped explain construction bridge find workman blue jeans eating lunch high top span feel breathless height structure relative puniness humans built dad pointed tree bent gnarled mother sense wind eating tree endless passing relentless mark sit memorizing word dad look mother sure married wonderful person left picnic site dad insist sandwich wrappings trash carefully gathered stowed lunch box brought home disposal stand sloppy camper say don want leave single scrap paper property re going leave things found don want overlook apple peel apple peels sore subject
bed found left faucet dripping bathtub full hot water jack asleep hour fred woke bath bath bed left faucet dripping fred told want waste perfectly water don bath jack asked baths morning schedule jack baths night dad home victrolas stacks records whistled assembly hit front steps helped unload kids wonderful surprise victrolas lovely records victrola daddy victrola downstairs victrola going upstairs victrolas won fun dad going try unavoidable delay victrolas bathrooms boys bathroom girls bathroom bet family town victrola bath taking bath brushing teeth occupied play victrolas mimicked dad
recuperating dad spent considerable minimized discomforts telling looking sympathy don tell saw operations didn tiniest cut throat don understand complaining don remember story spartan boy mouth shut fox chewing vitals partly complaining desire show spartan boy tonsils dad decided local anesthetic operation mother grandma dr burton advised dad wouldn listen want mountain molehill minor operation want eye burton mess job children dad mother set car dr burton office mother urged dad call taxi didn drive dad wouldn feel driving home dad laughed qualms hour dad called tested horns sure prepared emergency wait lunch starving hand anne admitted pierce arrow bucked wayside place bee knees
cottage small lavatory hot water shower bathtub dad thought living primitive summer healthful believed cleanliness godliness result swimming rule waived temperature dropped fifties cold gray rain falling dad lead house beach trotting holding bar soap hand beating chest look ocean comes tidal wave brrr kaiser bill running dive disappear geyser spray swim water ways allow feet emerge wiggle toes swim water head grinning spitting thin stream water teeth call wonderful start lathering soap mother non swimmer babies hated cold water hated salt water hated bathing suits bathing suits itched wore conservative models sleeves black stockings felt modest dad say mother put clothes took swimming mother swims consisted testing water tip black bathing shoe wading cautiously knees making tentative dabs water hands splashing drops shoulders finally moment supreme courage pinching nose squatting water reached chest
dad held theories babies arrival anne anxious put test believed children monkeys born instincts preservation instincts vanished babies cooped crib convinced babies started learning things minute born wrong nursery forbade baby talk presence anne subsequent offspring reason baby talks baby talk heard grownups children full grown learn speak baby talk thought feel secure wanted family circle baby brought side parents put anne bassinet desk mother bedroom talked adult concrete houseboat efficiency sisters going german nurse dad employed scornful understand thing say nurse told dad dad demanded wish speak german told talk front baby want learn languages week baby german nurse shaking head mind dad replied hired speak german want speak
anne senior high school dad convinced current generation girls riding rouged lips rolled stockings straight jazzy illicit rendezvous greasy haired devil flaming youth caught fire flapper sheik petting necking flat chests dimpled knees yellow slickers writing college pennants fours girls beginning bob hair boys lubricate college boy national hero collegiate complimentary adjective american vocabulary ukulele social asset traps saxophone boy friend clap hands comes charlie jadda jadda jing jing jing accepted mode transportation stripped model ford preferably inscribed witticisms chicken roost wheels brakes mayflower puritan era unfastened galoshes shifters club start jazz age wanted crazy affair lamentable dad intention letting daughters fight matter girls today dad asking don greasy haired boys don going happen showing legs silk stockings bare knees skirts short slightest wind leave imagination
ice broken anne started dates fairly ernestine martha suit dad acted chaperone pressure business permitted decided joe scales small suspicion confidence football heroes sheiks soon pitching tents woo premises dad couldn act chaperone frank bill proxy bad tagging date ernestine told dad kid brother squirming giggling seat simply unbearable don boys school bother don dad exactly frank bill let tell sheiks stop bothering find desert haunt suit frank bill didn chaperone job girls liked chaperones lord sake daddy frank complained feel wheel sitting seat re supposed wheel don expect able thrash fullbacks start trying liberties sisters able run help girls complained mother usual sided dad ask anne told dead give suspicious daddy denotes misspent youth
change mother dad died change looks change manner marriage mother decisions parents marriage decisions dad dad suggested dozen children efficiency experts interests basket weaving phrenology readily dad lived mother afraid fast driving airplanes walking night lightning dark closet held ears things wrong dinner burst tears leave table public speeches dreaded suddenly wasn afraid afraid upset thing mattered upset saw weep days dad death house smelled flowers mother called meeting family council natural sit dad place chairman chair pitcher ice water mother told wasn money business talked telephone mother mother wanted move california anne interrupted say planned leave college anyway job ernestine graduated high school night dad died didn care college wait finished mother note authority voice
settlers realized easier share resources times earliest community spirit seen borrowing system ran supplies stores area buy flour medicine soap tools commonly lent borrowed neighbor owned hand quern lend neighbors important resource shared settlers peoplepower big job building barn neighbors gather job finished jobs fashion sessions called bees bees popular early settlers brought help tasks family months finish bees provided times settlers finished ate talked danced hours young met young community bees gatherings led romance marriage feeling community soon developed area believed locked doors early days trusted neighbors steal traveler needed place sleep walk settler home find place fire family woke
settlers chose place live chose place close gristmill settler families able grow food clothes trade supplies needed gristmill difficult owned quern mortar pestle grinding grain methods slow tiring walk distances carrying grain backs order ground miller settlers grew grain trade goods miller storekeeper owner sawmill track traded settlers money traded goods goods services owners gristmill sawmill general store important starters early village services attracted settlers community settlers offered services miller difficult community exist soon village started grow found fill job settlers miller country community knew run gristmill position miller advertised nearest town miller found community worked build mill village start
school provided center social events community settlers especially younger loved events break daily pioneer events gave chance relax community sally hanson young ladies attended village school middleboro looked forward coming dance weeks excitement thought fact dress wear days dance sally heard older girls talking dresses village dressmaker sewing sally home crying night dress simply dance mrs hanson learned daughter heartbreak younger daughter melissa willing fun sister mrs hanson thought hard sally problem dance asked sally straight home school sally walked hanging door prettiest blue gowns seen couldn believe eyes blue favorite color matched eyes brought shiny streaks blonde hair figure mother buy beautiful dress short
settlers buy applesauce juice cans able preserve apples winter fall core pare apples cider applesauce common invite neighbors supply plentiful lunch paring lunch party games apple bees favorite game settlers tried peel skin apple piece peel thrown air allowed land ground fell gather letter peel resembled letter supposed letter parer future husband wife women young married single gathered quilting hostess house helped sew quilts household early evening sat tasty dinner drank tea ate biscuits toast cakes preserves sweetmeats meal join games conversation laughter ended fall stalks corn piled high side settler barn clock spent evening husking corn husked corn piled opposite side barn tin lanterns lit barn dark huskers stopped ten dinner dance barn
thanksgiving known harvest home celebrated took place preparing winter complete fall celebrations held thank god harvest church homes community decorated fruit vegetables gathered celebrations began gathering home hunting women prepare feast children play later community dinner beans meat pies fruit pies squash turnips pickles salads turkey dinner talked played parlor games dunked apples walks happiness community young showed interest young lady courting began started spend evenings home young lady father decided welcome guest sunday popular courting sparking couples met steps church escorted lady home early days wedding invitations person couple community decided married rest community naturally expected looked forward weddings meant days partying weddings took arrange
settlers arrived homesteads worked night building home pulling stumps planting crops raising farm animals celebrate christmas pastime pioneer family settled community born plenty fun especially winter christmas biggest winter celebration worked hard fall prepare christmases celebrated early part nineteenth century fun adults parties christmas holiday season lasted months favorite christmas activities tobogganing snowshoeing skating sleighing indoors dances parties parlor games pantomimes concerts villagers put pantomime plays staged indoors village school costumed actors performed streets house house house house play called mumming hand mummers offered drinks house children enjoy christmas days church service huge christmas meal plum pudding christmas gifts settlers decorated homes german settlers put christmas trees style christmas children enjoy christmas christmas celebrate
sally glanced girl sitting table betty lives door working built stage yard plays stories books gave neighborhood children designed costumes tom reminded experience bob birdbath yards counted dozen kinds birds frisk water betty turned boy class tell summer john moving big event john replied furniture country big moving van drove car took snapshots route move karen donald asked girl karen smiled moved county yard pile stones father going rock garden stopped talking added quickly wish rock garden class pleased idea girls boys rock garden knew planning visit acquainted karen feel home class returned discussion summer experiences
girls boys miss drew class talk vacation experiences number brought articles illustrate talks discussing talks group decided plan arrange articles form vacation exhibit arrange exhibit asked carol let form committee arrange space table shelves bulletin board display things suggested bob suggestion bob miss drew committees help carrying classroom need committees carry plans activities school form committee committee group working direction chairman carry group bulletin board committee sees bulletin boards attractive hospitality committee greets visitors makes pupils feel home classes need committees committee members chosen class member chosen serve committee carries share ability members committee responsible chairman brings members reports final plans class decide committees need classroom examine list committees page
attended circus carnival fair exciting swimming meet ball game summer event heard exclamatory sentences write declarative sentences tell event mind write exclamatory sentences heard excitement event proofread sentences sure correct punctuation end sentences group opportunity read sentences class working playing friends requests give commands sentences close window watch step sentence makes polite request command called imperative sentence imperative sentence subject need listener understands word subject group sentences find polite requests asking polite request period sentences group demand action called commands period command commands forceful exclamation marks group sentences command forceful tell imperative sentence sentence makes polite request command period end polite request commands
book buy store borrow library add classmates interest enjoyment book liked writing paragraphs book classroom file book reports classmates refer paragraphs account book paragraph page interest apple arrow want read book read paragraph apple arrow mary conrad buff story william tell daring took place hundred ago familiar story william tell accepts challenge tyrant gessler crossbow shoots apple balanced head son arrest thrilling escape final encounter gessler exciting incidents tale told times fresh telling exciting pictures makes write book reports include classroom file need review learned paragraph remember sentences tell topic form paragraph topic paragraph top page notice word paragraph indented read sentence tells paragraph called topic sentence
ask library committee obtain paper book jackets put bulletin board school public library book jackets borrow examine book jackets read descriptive paragraphs library table home school book collection choose book read liked plan report paragraphs interest classmates book remember include report title book author information include report think introduce story write topic sentence paragraph plan sentences build mood atmosphere readers book mood interesting words expressions capture mood book write closing sentence paragraph write topic sentence paragraph write sentences develop topic sentence choose care phrases sentences show mood story sure end paragraph closing sentence need paragraph tell book follow plan writing paragraph read paragraphs classmates proofread paragraphs final copy class library file indent word paragraph capital letters correctly title book
bob ralph walked classroom early morning found john seated desk lost newspaper look caught attention hour asked bob let find ralph suggested looked john shoulder john looked grinned reading newspaper school maine mailman brought leaving home pals pointed story page catching school news planned paper spring moved don paper asked bob news tell boys looked miss drew joined group thinking newspaper school let class start ralph consult classmates find think idea miss drew school newspaper interested starting paper begin collection newspapers examination want small town big city papers school papers variety publications give suggestions consider questions directions plans newspaper newspaper examining
received reply letter wrote cousin bill lives ohio karen looked smilingly miss drew soon exclaimed teacher written friendly newsy letter karen firmly told bill school paper told room news editor asked held position class writes elected class secretary miss drew looked karen letter letter hale hale motor company firm sponsoring hobby show inviting members class exhibit collections kind collections want asked karen thinking shelf rocks hale limiting kinds collections exhibited miss drew collections classmates exhibit form committee sally worked committees miss drew try working letter karen cousin bill elected class secretary class elected officers carry activities class organization working try plan discussion girls boys agreed class organization
notice chairman called meeting order order business reading minutes meeting chairman called business pupils addressed chair saying chairman chairman recognized speaker saying person addresses chair chairman says spoke floor doubt spoke chairman makes decision speaker waits later opportunity person seconds motion need recognized chairman motion seconded seconded motion lost motion carried opposition vote unanimous opportunity discussion proposal meeting reported pages discussion chairman called motion chairman repeated motion sure heard group regular meeting special meetings called business needs attention wish elect class officers handle class business class meetings decide officers need follow pattern parliamentary procedure read pages girls boys miss drew class voted bring collections share friends collection
communication involves signals kind automobile drivers rely signals color shape sound give instructions spectators football game look hand signals referees tell outcome play musicians depend signals conductor tell begin playing signal welcome introduction business agreement handshake gestures conversation want emphasize point describe clearly write system words marks page signal reader meaning intend speak highly developed system words sounds convey meaning understand trying communicate listener understand saying saying chapter concentrate signals say words chapters explain signals words say word wildly say syllable wild louder say syllable ly contrast loudness pronunciation syllables called stress important signals english syllable pronounced louder words call stress louder syllable words primary stress primary means main call stress weaker syllable weak stress
learning signals spoken english signals written english signals include punctuation capitalization word division perform function writing stress pauses pitch speech similarity spoken written signals general helps reader listener understand clearly written read tell sentence ends begins sentences begin capital letter end mark punctuation period question mark exclamation point pitch patterns studied raining thing capital letter punctuation mark speak pitch voice tells listener begin end phrase sentence read aloud friend ask count number sentences read miles village tarrytown hudson valley quietest places known sleepy hollow drowsy dreamy influence hang land pervade atmosphere descendants original dutch settlers kinds marvelous beliefs strange tales told trances visions ghostly visitors apparition frequently seen headless figure horseback ghost hessian trooper rides nightly quest head
friend mary want tell simply say talking friend mary say talking mother friends mary judy say sentences pronouns pronouns refer refer person mary pronoun refer refers mary judy singular pronouns refer person thing plural pronouns refer remember nouns verbs singular plural forms easily identified inflection pronouns easy spot inflectional ending forms meanings words inflections paragraph showed pronouns singular plural imagine going store say going store sister going store pronoun going store sister goes store say going store don want try tell brother place
talk linda hazen gave spends money read story aloud money joe corner store store corner school shelves crowded games books toys picture puzzles model airplanes buy stamps big chunks bubble gum joe find penny hidden whistles dusty paper don pennies sell joe comic books cents biggest bargain halloween mask found box rubber balls face witch straight black hair big nose chin point joe let cents dusty frightened friends bargain store want crowded wonderful joe corner store words linda help joe corner store picture bubble gum words help mask bought tell class interesting experience earning spending money tell class enjoy listening
imagine seated boys girls lands large table child hungry bear ready order food likes chang lee orders ho yu beef combination pieces tender beef rich mushroom sauce brown eyed tony selects italian spaghetti greta speaks swedish chooses potato dumplings smiles satisfaction eats mouthful front pablo mexican boy plate steaming red beans pablo puts chili sauce eats pablo kiva lives north pole eating seal meat strange things eat say country special dishes sections country dishes famous sue ellen mississippi enjoys turnip greens corn bread priscilla maine begins dinner steaming bowl clam chowder live boston certainly baked beans boston brown bread live gulf mexico shrimp gumbo favorite dishes foods mentioned eaten food chang lee tony ordered word helps priscilla eat tell class shoofly pie hominy chili con carne favorite foods food food part country especially spoon bread maple sugar
remember sister julia live week looked round beaver wasn crying eyes blue nose bell mouth round ball soon home began cry cry started cry mouth big hands tiny fingernails thin eggshells julia kicking feet air waving hands proud baby sure hear dad funniest family auburn hair gray eyes tall feet inches father laughs shakes laugh father likes play tricks barber customers boasting pick pocket father wanted show wrong slipped wallet pocket put pocket barbershop looked wallet couldn find caught joke knew played trick father play tricks laughing likes play tricks table meals
clock snowy january morning joan alarm clock ringing ting ling sound reached turn alarm hear strong wind whistling trees making icy branches sway snap lay listening gentle slapping shade windowpanes mother called joan minute late joan sat breakfast greeted familiar morning sounds sizzling bacon hissing teakettle paper bag rattled mother packing lunch happy yells boys girls school joan hurried breakfast tick tock large blue kitchen clock reminded fifteen leave passed hinkle house saw cleaning snow sidewalk called hello hinkle words drowned scraping shovel walk clink clink tire chains automobile drove waved walked enjoying crunching sound boots snow school children laughing happily calling hi joanie suzie re late morning let inside warm hallway hear hissing radiators closing doors pattering feet oiled wooden floors
chapter learned imaginations poetry colorful language comparisons imaginations writing writing poetry earlier grades written imaginative stories chapter asked write paragraphs stories pictures topics stimulate imagination artists depend completely imagination produce pictures apparently connection things artists draw paint clear idea picture finished look picture opposite page painted salvador dali born spain dali called picture persistence memory kind painting based part mind controls dreams subconscious mind subconscious part mind aware imagination guide influence imagination painting kind picture artist hopes arouse imagination feeling person looks picture picture persistence memory explained explain picture columbus landing explained person looks think things
member class write slip paper place visit thing want committee sort slips according sections country plan guided tours miss class pupils grouped southern trip pick bus driver announce bus departs stop set stage arranging seats front room look bus train plane ship students southern tour boarded bus gave driver tickets believe bus reached stages trip driver introduced pupils act guide part tour guide front bus turn part trip board bus act guide information encyclopedia geography books travel books hometown big city village interesting buildings places boys girls seen discuss places home interesting class visit committees appointed arrange exhibits exhibit travel information collected pretend trips arranged sections country
joined army found home home butte worked odd jobs skier won northern rocky mountain championship wanted marry girl friend linda bork parents young picked skating rink caught blizzard searching party covered looking driven night storm months later married knievel needed settle tried policeman forest ranger hockey player hunting guide restless jobs wanted living motorcycles motorcycle racer linda lived trailer traveled race race knievel wanted exciting remembered stunt shows seen boy began put shows forget remembered crowd joie show crowd frightened silent jumped crowd happy thought wonderful worked jobs raise money shows jobs selling insurance worked named clement stone
christmas daring show famous las vegas nevada jumped cycle fountain caesar palace palace big hotel crowds watch saw leap miles hour saw roll feet saw worst crashes broken ribs bones broken took crash crutches weeks hospital cane proud ebony cane gold handle liberace offered cane wanted give grandmother evel talked jumping grand canyon listened talked knew national park service give permission jump wanted talked wanted chance knievel famous movie george hamilton played evel knievel shows trying break records madison square garden jumped cars jumped fifteen cars san francisco nineteen cars ontario california bigger bigger crowds watch lots money jumped knew
idea jet power cycle asked experts advice jump told rocket hired help ready jump robert truax rocket engineer helped polaris missile evel called reporters told going jump canyon september reporters rushed newspapers story country read newspapers knievel greatest sports event companies saw chance money idea began evel knievel toys watches radios bikes shirts paper cups drinking straws evel knievel big business jump evel crew built machine famous ride called sky cycle finally ready test canyon fell river evel give built rocket test fell river able destroyed evel sunday september waiting watch millions watched
mine jimmy grabbed shiny piece metal carlitos beat jimmy saw didn pulled pipe half brick part broken window frame pipe holes spaced side seventh hole raised metal rim dumb somethin jimmy snorted fife fife sure fifes school band yeah thing jimmy thing music don thing music play trumpet don carlitos talked jimmy staring fife couldn eyes fingers tingled touched metal uh jimmy tore building carlitos looked shoulder big guy yellow hard hat sidewalk jimmy headed alley carlitos fife tingling hand halfway block stopped door la paloma cafe bar jimmy snapped fingers knew saw fife yeah sure remember lady nutty lived fourth floor building tore haiti
carlitos blew fife played beginning march heard rats popped cans roach scuttled door cafe hey baby weird carlitos fife pull carlitos alley danced drum major cross street fife lips fingers fluttered holes play marching song song smelled sea sad happy carlitos saw flowering orange trees golden beaches smelled roasting meat fresh baked bread jimmy ran alongside crazy yelled grabbed carlitos arm jumped touched bare electric wire carlitos turned corner alley danced avenue rats tumbled buildings windows creaked women stared amazement carlitos played danced avenue passed panaderia windows full cookies bread passed grocery hot dog stand owned grocery rats mice hundred roaches ran rats mice bugs fell line march carlitos carlitos saw mama stood rusty stoop apartment building fluttering apron pests ran stoop
police car cruised carlitos corner eye carlitos saw driver talking microphone jimmy ran alongside police car shouted window hexed voodoo policeman eyes wide puzzled brim blue cap carlitos heard sirens coming couldn stop rats mice kinds bugs poured buildings block fife pulled carlitos river played danced end deserted dock stood post playing march played rats jumped end dock cold water played flea hopped fife played carlitos breath flowed mouthpiece fingers fluttered holes knew playing song song ended police cars sat end dock carlitos tired slumped warped boards dock fife rolled fingers edge water jimmy ran looked water thing shouldn floating going home carlitos mumbled words mouth fourteen policemen gathered carlitos jimmy arguing say holding parade permit fat cop large nose
school joe lake saw putting night ferris wheel whip small carousel paint flaking horses racing cars bump tinny looking roller coaster sort eerie rides sitting autumn mud empty stony place getting frightened wanted home joe late getting dark control house ferris wheel gave rattling cough couldn scared froze rabbit woods cough continued hey boys tell friends re going open tomorrow lean arm shoulder reminded witch kid story scene kids begin break pieces gingerbread house belonging witch comes fake friendly traps couldn answer mouth wedged tight shut teeth knocking look pointed machinery stopped ghost fair don power connected tomorrow turned thought didn scary looks stared blinking eyes piercing hair bristly grey mustache listen boys tomorrow re going star
sure star chart plastered big window window amusement arcade fortunes told started hand reached stop business kid yeah sure cheating waved booth tickets pinball machines steer auto games shoot duck seek fortune games put fifty cents window hand reached voice counted cent tickets voice familiar simon cage gate calling jack kid simon face staring piercing eyes fight yes joe remember re fire sign leo leo fire signs fight water signs pisces help stay friends lot fighting birthday august kid nodded simon star stuff told joe true simon let let grabbed hand traced lines palm someday re going lot money quickly don pick scissors drop step
wild beast leaped low fence glanced charlie tore howling road mac charlie stopped short top wooden step watched breathlessly brother running top speed dug sack lunch earth piece waxed paper fluttered mac shoulder half baloney sandwich sailed head landed road wild beast slowed bit sniffed baloney bread gulp half sandwich vanished dog drooling mouth mac mac threw half sandwich snap gulp disappeared beast didn slow apple boy dropped didn pause sniff faster faster ran quickly gaining victim chicken leg saved mac wild beast snapping seat boy trousers frantically dug chicken leg hurled beast dog slowed mac speeded dog gave snarl lay road paw fang tore waxed paper began munching chicken leg mac whew charlie hanging step railing spoke loud brother sure track boy run re absolutely boy run charlie whirled sorceress standing half open door
whale largest animal lived whales bigger elephants dinosaurs whales live oceans look fish fish whales mammals dogs cats horses human beings mention whales mammals bear young alive depending kind whale female carries young body mother whale baby twins rare female whale called cow male whale called bull baby regardless sex called calf whales breathe lungs hold breath water drown trapped water reach surface breathe fresh air whales live land breathe air need water support huge body whale stranded shore weight body presses lungs dies layer fat called blubber keeps whale warm cold water unlike mammals whale smell hear tiny ear openings ears body summer kinds whales travel cold waters feed whales live groups hundred animals groups called herds schools pods
zoo place wild animals displayed large zoos display mammals birds reptiles amphibians zoos feature fish insects zoos beautiful gardens tree lined paths lead animal display ages enjoy visiting zoos enjoy seeing animals face face zoos provide fun help aware beauty nature importance protecting wildlife zoologists study animals study habits care animals zoologists learned deal animals studying wild zoos zoos london zoo large libraries collections books animals wildlife protection important reasons maintaining zoos animals danger extinct breed protected surroundings zoo species returned wild bred zoos future zoo programs help save pygmy hippopotamus tiger danger extinct zoo animals differs greatly relatives wild zoo animals receive regular meals medical care trained zookeepers carefully watch animals care needs zoo animals fear enemies called predators destroy young wild
children wondered daddy arrived home church dinner ready waiting spicy ham baked sweet potatoes salad colorful eggs cauliflower applesauce daddy favorite pie dessert getting cold daddy mother felt worried twelve remarked watch children looking hall window daddy uncle jim entered house door hey home welcome shipwrecked sailor cried course sides children ran shrieking hall meet grannie flung arms uncle jim mother hugged daddy pieces end exclamations confusions mitchells clamored attention daddy looked thin haggard days raft beauty treatment full admiration wife children rita look young married told wife manage guess children manage mother winking joan proud daddy compliment paid daddy children looked fine couldn timmy boy giant exclaimed prize fighter stroked angela curls
caught thinner weaker milk understand bottle drank till feel stomachs round hard fur sick protested length pretty sleep lap burrow called end week ten days lost fear accepted foster mother pretty gentler bright mary decided sister brother big tumbling boy pretend scold bright chased grass bowling pretty biting tail favorite playmates child share fun perfectly happy spring truant officer call mary grandparents mary young grandmother firmly knows high children officer fall don want say grandmother going room leaving husband door
english language thick heavy curtain hanging schoolmates couldn thing began thinner spots catch glimpse saying stood group looking talking splendid thought curtain understand saying saying girls tagged betty woodworth seventh graders busy studying racing recess pay attention queer girl say goodness look dress looks grandmother dumb clucks play squat tag goodness graders play tag father told mother morning didn country disagreeable folks countries stand magda catch word country wouldn till understand belong seventh grade weeks magda school thanksgiving due heard thanksgiving story written history book soon found meant
today feet neat white slippers satin rosettes jubilant sky blue hot sweet smell cut lumber filled air perfume pleasant smell clover early greet girls arrived white dresses red white blue bunting looped shoulder knotted waist maggie jane lida arrived due hair unnaturally frizzed uncomfortable night curl papers eyes sparkling anticipation girls dunnville eau galle sit loading platform speakers sing speeches delivered speaking began free roam wished tom warren crowd boys past millpond tom called shoulder re starting roll logs watch let caddie katie katie look dress warned clara mother wild sees standing sing front dress torn bother caddie re plaguing clothes going happen children crowded banks quiet millpond watching preliminary logrolling contests caddie saw hetty minnie pearly ezra mccantry playing spy children higher bank
cuba columbus island haiti lay east cuba thought japan rich garden grew sorts trees vegetables flowers spaniards seen peopled kind peaceful indians naked gold rings noses columbus thought japan china brown called chinese japanese called indians columbus looking india indians called rich palaces clothed silk precious stones asked columbus sail spain found look ready sail helmsman santa maria ashore evening remaining post currents carried ship rocks wrecked room smaller ships sailors return spain forty remain haiti built fort beams boards santa maria pinta nina atlantic ocean carry embroidered robes silk satin marco polo brought venice place indians noisy green parrots balls cotton fruits arrows bits gold jewelry
tossed stovepipe hat wrong side rocker easily reach important papers carried top worn ridiculous hat favorite garments bookcase parlor mrs lincoln shuddered turned bristle porcupine lincoln papers poked cubbyholes wished give attention tucked glass doors sheltered books mrs lincoln sighed resignation couldn glanced amount distaste sideboard corner dining room large mirror fruit pictures side walnut bracket door held breakable high reach hands washington think simple room parlor wasn thought twisted leg table embroidered wool cover stood arm chair nice small town looked governor massachusetts drumming fingers figured carpet threadbare middle room lincoln played horse boys hours woman house nice family small parlor blue cigar smoke mrs lincoln sighed noticed gray tendrils curling settling clean lace curtains
walked trees end park stared green walls buildings rose walls looked cliffs rising swinging bridge vines rocking stared carved iron balconies jutting wouldn want stand balconies didn look strong hold ah didn strong stared carved doors flung walls looking presently found cobbled street running hill marcos liked street looked street woman lilac maybe luck hiding street strolled slowly peering archways low houses street painted colors lilac house woman lilac creamy yellow green vines sun shining dark pine needles light light low balconies hung head iron barred windows pierced walls archways ran straight houses cutting archways glimmered flowery patios patios marcos lemon trees banana trees bright blossoms children played fountains hens scratched corners woman white blouse starched pink skirt threw bucket soapy water archway
gatherings gentle prince sat throne decked precious stones loved wisdom goodness brought times gold silver diamonds rubies glittering precious stones give young play days loved things beauty birds animals join gathering air full song color scent woods flowers person wish granted sure hard wish thing forbidden gentle north saw stars southern cross sky days journey told dark forest side fierce evil gentle saw strange bird beautiful seen bird breast shone green blue gold tail feathers white ivory capa saw bird strange seeing bird flew seen bird touch hold bird avoided eager prince
longfellow returned america teacher languages bowdoin college later teach harvard college happy college boys harvard liked longfellow liked young helped boys helped money lacked funds busy happy cambridge begin teaching harvard longfellow lived house george washington stayed took command american army revolutionary war room general slept fifty house craigie house craigie house longfellow desirable spot pleasant evening lights home comes dark rain lived wrote family children grew called quintet oldest son charles named poet friend charles sumner lieutenant army potomac ernest son artist painted excellent picture father children daughters grave alice laughing allegra edith golden hair read children hour pay visit longfellow seeing children constantly running study slipping arm neck whisper secret begging share fun
max listened engine liked sound parts engine working dune buggy twenty miles hour max took quick look sandy buggy running wheels looked engine wheels told flea win hill climb flea began slow max gave engine gas dune buggy speed max hear sound lion engine quickly lion pulled flea minute buggies running side side sandy buggy top hill max wheels watched lion topped hill slowly flea climbed top hill lion headed wheels max max barr want buy sand buggy gave flea ride wheels max ran hand mouth wheels feel sand mouth hill climb eat sand tossed winning buggy max drove flea sand dune stopped bottom barr standing lion
night wheels max flew airplane la mexico planned look baja california air wanted find baja california desert map desert wheels max picked drive tijuana la map tell wanted part desert thought airplane ride quick find wanted morning wheels climbed airplane looked surpise max filled airplane cans paint cans paint max asked wheels going paint desert answered max wheels laughed going asked part mexico max drove tijuana road starts baja california tijuana map shows road runs run la map show road mountains want road paint heat hit max wheels plan road spot tree cactus rock help find
wheels knew airplane low low saw top big tree airplane headed max saw tree wheels shouted sudden wheels saw tree trees lined sides wash wheels rocks wash wheels moved quickly rolled airplane side airplane top tree wheels took airplane line trees sand blowing low rocks wheels feeling headed mountain hold max called taking airplane wheels gave engine turned airplane blowing sand engine airplane going top speed airplane flew sandstorm top mountain wheels turned mountain headed airplane desert max sandstorm end thought going fly mountain wheels thing fly airplanes max took map looking asked wheels going call devil mountain max put words map
engine flea roared wheels tossed rock mountain lion wheels turned ran hill dune buggy thinking animal wheels stop ran fast bottom wash flea wheels turned looked mountain lion wheels jumped dune buggy max asked mountain lion rocks max soon tossed rock took let let drive wheels pointed spot animal mountain lion roar told things max roared engine wheels laugh rattlesnake mountain lion looked wash let flea max side wash spotted opening rocks wheels climbed dune buggy walked side wash opening rocks big flea wheels waved max quickly max drove flea side wash opening
slowly sandstorm dropped wheels opened eyes looked eye dust devil moving wheels knew sand dune helped storm roared top dune moved low places wheels looked max shouted max sudden wheels saw max standing top sand dune left max waved wheels watched surprise max suddenly sand wheels jumped ran blowing sand max moving cut running side head max hear wheels asked max opened eyes rolled head side side wheels asked max turning happened wheels answer max seat belt hold flea dust devil don try talk wheels head wheels max top sand dune hot sand roaring hours wheels knew minutes slowly wind sand stopped blowing thing wheels dust flea turned
flea run wheels water eat don turn la barr looking mountain lions eat max asked eat don think mountain lions wheels suddenly wheels stopped listen think hear engine looking saw airplane watched airplane dropped low desert wheels put hand waved airplane heads airplane landed desert slowly rolled sand climbed airplane started running max wheels shouted wheels white barr max surprise max cut head wheels airplane needed help soon flying pick sandy clay barr saw dust devil look thing sure max flying pick sandy clay happened lion tossed wheel drove fast dune barr
apron decided yonder didn kindly started rear hanging wait christmas bare butt privates catching thorn step calf coming inch closer coming apron stopped heave pantleg dogwood tree thick fencepost things happen trousers rip apron uproot tree calf slide happened apron stood shaking heaving straining moved forward step pantleg knotted dogwood apron didn calf bawled making weaker noise apron heave place bitch yelled grabbing dead blackberry cane bullwhip big broom handle move big black smelly ass hear hit boy beast hit cow beat hard crying held big cane thorns chewing hands real bad madder kicked stoned kicked hard udder thought heard grunt hind quarters sort hunkered brush
mama rushed head papa aunt carrie bed foot tell tanner look ridge find calf helped born afterward apron choking rip ball throat didn mean skip school papa trousers rob aunt carrie took stock appearances ridge tied em round tree busted sorry mama cut pair mama put face close mine smell goodness preferenced mend busted pants busted boy feel hand resting mama wants pa carrie going tiptoe let rest earned left closed eyes later woke mama brought dish hot succotash warm glass milking fresh evening pail bubbles real bedtime papa upstairs big shoes kicking risers brought winter apples cellar
tanner handed pig took kicked squealed bit held close chest arms settled licked face spit sad smell didn care mine thank brother tanner papa shaker frills neighborly robert farmer don add payment due felt sick real sick papa wasn going let haven boy born february papa answer plum forgot tanner case owe sorry late remembering pig robert catch land bacon papa shook head haven peck tanner ask help yoke demons fall yes papa case wanting cloud debt hanging favor taking payment help form newborn pig weaned pink prime papa pig gave squeal mine mine mine mine mine looking beautiful pig
knew hawk wouldn bother sure knew hawk hunting moving wings pegged sides couldn brake fall going hit ground sure jumped feet whump hawk hit rods standing clover yonder side juniper bush clover wasn nearby open meadowland pasture hit big pretty thrashing ground seeing talons buried fur hawk whipped juniper bush fair hang drive talons heart lungs heard cry full pity pinky feet heard rabbit deathcry don forget easy newborn baby sort noise maybe call help end hurting cry rabbit makes deathcry cottontail rabbit stopped kicking hawk resting struggle trying breath
papa took shovel wagon poked mud found smaller box lifted replaced earth headstone phelps wasn touched rights papa child orchard plot sebring hillman lifted small box held close chest big needed help stood yelling raining don folks left town drown child hung undo girl mine hear haven child mine claim soul dust wake town papa yes hope step forward damn claim girl mine hillman claim papa let young home rested proper watched hillman carried small coffin wagon team stood hid meeting house close light tied coffin firm rope mount seat wet don slicker papa asking tie team wagon ride papa
vernal passed living jacob henry run strawberry patch backyard broom fast didn cornered whacked heavy took step week weeping caught shin hard gave welt touched place leg widow bascom broom handle landed scar welt needless say jacob told mother sure told mama papa birching papa didn kind trespass mrs bascom yesterday walking place dirt road damn strawberries house called morning morning mrs bascom sure didn stop say flower pots heavy don reckon help tug looked hard broom ten foot iron didn climbed stairs close smiling flower pots full dirt pesky things carry tug lift picking big pot
looked cart slats finest boar county big mean male eat ham strong tree bark full tack gilt tanner asked pointing pinky pa home left early november busy matter ben tanner reason pig barren girl coaxed courted pinky heat eyes re handsome wait smell samson smell heat change tune backed oxcart small box pen put ramp samson removing slats tanner look boar weighed hundred big poland tanner gave prod left cart walking ramp king nose big brass ring caught sun shined real bright sows farrowed happy help pen lonesome longer week due called pinky
snow wasn heavy sun broke melted follow pinky litter pigs bred barren ate pet samson mounted litter estrus full heat ended early morning dark december saturday school chores papa breakfast tried big bowl hot steaming oatmeal tasted soap fresh warm milk daisy pail flat couldn swallow papa sat kitchen table fingering pipe couldn smoke looking breakfast couldn eat finally table look window dark moon softening firstlight turned round face sober rob let didn ask knew mama aunt carrie papa getting coats pretended help bundle light inch snow night cover ground mama flour cake board papa tools stood watching sharpened knives wheel
coffin open lying table kitchen place roof papa tall seen parlor friends gathered pleased rest looked eldest son place say words father didn going say wouldn thought papa couldn son knowing king haven peck devoted husband father working farmer neighbor beloved wife daughters living son grateful ask soul enter kingdom hall abide forever wilcox coached bit proper words guess left parlor filed kitchen look papa lots folks amen passed closed box raw unpainted wood nailing lid raised walked grave dug orchard lowering ropes let ground small cross boards pull ropes book shaker unfit bury ropes coffin
terry burton quick pivot throwing substitute guard balance hooked clean shot basket ball ripped net guard philosophical nature purty admiring voice terry shrugged learned maneuver watching brother handy shoot mac incredible machine gun accuracy players mac burton turned decade school magic duncan high halls letter gridiron hockey swimming star record breaking shot putter captain baseball spark plug championship basketball team mac graduated duncan closed greatest athletic era brothers alike mac big easy spectacular terry slight strung wires scrub football team husky hockey basketball tennis pretty fast nervous mac slice defense hot knife cutting butter couldn expect mac family terry sighed inwardly looking pass saw running mate suds kelly busy line elected try ball traveled hoop needle magnet goal varsity coach blew whistle stopped play speak team guards
moonlight symphony swamp creatures hushed abruptly dismal bog peaceful unborn brood silence gaunt glanced boy motioned quiet late presence discovered jumbo frog rumbled warning swamp squirmed denizens scuttled safety fox fire glowing west bayou slapping cypress knees suddenly haunting laugh echoed wilderness strange chuckling yodel ending weird boy eyes wide staring uncle jess let catch uh gripped shotgun animal thing hurried noiselessly direction sound skeeter hearing nights swamp born reared feared shoot outwit slipped morass side ridge suddenly jesse put hand stopped child pointed slope animal clearly visible moonlight sitting haunches head cocked sideways chuckled merry melodious chuckle skeeter grinned spite surprise sh smell jesse smell wonder durn thing peered ridge studying creature intention shooting attacked jesse tolliver nephew killed wantonly
emperor yuan held throne wall china land green rain readying harvest peace dominion happy sad early morning week month emperor yuan sipping tea fanning warm breeze servant ran scarlet blue garden tiles calling emperor emperor miracle yes emperor air sweet morning miracle servant bowing quickly tea mouth surely miracle excellency let guess sun risen sea blue finest miracles excellency flying emperor stopped fan saw air flying wings heard voice call sky looked dragon heavens mouth dragon paper bamboo colored sun grass early emperor wakened dream early seen seen sit emperor drink tea
thousands coral islands scattered emeralds blue velvet pacific quiet hidden jungle growth islands marched history ago countless rusting steel skeletons concrete airstrips crumbling buildings entirely covered creeping jungle ripped islands built airfields filled vast pacific war fought died returned home living south pacific silent deeds silenced written records history books hearts deed died recorded unusual remembered song americans heard song rodger young stirring words military bands march swinging rhythm school children sing assembly rodger young died island called georgia died awarded congressional medal honor chosen heroes live forever song infantry record rodger young died hero facts show proved hero weeks won nation highest honor half dozen comrades battle real complete story bravery
highway leads manteo north carolina english settlement attempted historical markers tells briefly sixteen girl betsy dowdy winter swam pony currituck sound rode fifty miles wilderness warn general skinner coming british thousands passed sign wondered bravery young girl took ride vastly difficult dangerous known paul revere doubt wished betsy dowdy perilous journey story begins betsy dowdy fourteen vast land uncharted wilderness thirteen colonies eastern coast north america populated thinly roads traversed country trails wilderness betsy dowdy lived wild lonely spot roar ocean ears father small cottage huddled shelter dune desolate sand bar called currituck beach chain narrow islands front door atlantic tossed endlessly direction waste sandy hillocks reared tumbled sprawled landscape sand banks north carolina betsy lived dread mariners settlement land
betsy knew order reach mainland cross sound stretch shorelessly narrowest stretch point opposite church island rode pony slowly peering anxiously water sight island water saw dark smudge pines live oaks church island moon shining faintly mist sure knew chance tucking skirts urged pony murky water sturdy animal waded feet longer touch bottom swam tide running strong brave animal struck deep water distant shoreline miles swam chill dark water hoofs touched solid ground young girl breathed prayer thankfulness reached shore church island nellie shook threaded somber pines fragrant myrtles opposite shore currituck sound crossed longer stretch lay island mainland betsy pause reached beach nellie stretch cross mare dashed cold waters currituck wide silver ripples streamed water pony swam strongly tide
bright clear winter afternoon children town clayton traveled regional school lakeview disappeared face earth bus traveled driver completely sucked outer space monstrous interplanetary vacuum cleaner course interplanetary supernatural disappearance children adult special station wagon school bus result callous human villainy explanation assumed aspects black magic minds tortured parents bewildered citizenry clayton miles lakeview clayton rapidly growing quarry town lakeview considerably larger history planning growth recently built school agreed boards education towns children living east end clayton lakeview school adequate space teaching staff temporary expedient jerry mahoney driver liked respected mechanic air force tour duty armed services wizard engines engaged married elizabeth deering worked clayton bank nice responsible disappearance station wagon children jerry mahoney took place mile stretch road disappearance impossible
elizabeth sick anxiety jerry foremost mind jerry missing children jerry worse suspected friends top pat mahoney slightest sense angry crowd left house talked endlessly days vaudeville obsessed memory seen thurston sioux city remember seen elizabeth tried bring pat present tragedy tipped reason relieved heard firm steps front porch saw sergeant mason tall stranger took living room pat sat overstuffed armchair mason introduced haviland haviland special investigator attorney general office pat pat eyes brightened say re fellow solved murder johnsville smart piece thanks haviland looked pat astonished gaudy vest tie glittering diamond finger prepared pat adequately sit pat maybe liz coffee asked pretty mason nodded liz kitchen tell news haviland sat couch pat
twenty minutes later clayton madhouse running driving hanging running boards cars clinging bumpers middle town opposite bank station wagon yellow school bus sign roof children spilling waving shouting parents laughed wept handsome young irishman bright blue eyes locked tight embrace elizabeth deering haviland jerry mahoney doctor minutes don jerry thought harmed kids don liz deering clinging tightly arm jerry mahoney turned saw newspaper taped broken front window face hardened try tell plain simple pop haviland shook head smiling dazed pop amazing mahoney mind works peculiar ways disappearance bus affected differently saw magic trick thought magic trick part magic trick wouldn listen magician job think wants think wants disappearance children ghastly faking death quarry meant thing pop mahoney
dog star stood beneath judgment seats raged green light fury fired assembled faces viridian lit underside rooftrees turned moist blue fruit emerald true shouted believe listening blazed chief witness blue luminary castor complex firing turquoise witness backed hastily range sirius judge rumbled quietly found guilty reasonable say quiet let court pass sentence quiet sirius shouted huge ruddy figure afraid antares sat judge judgment seats miserable things trial haven listened word kill luminary hit negligent offered look zoi accuse losing temper opinion court remarked big crimson betelgeuse judge dry admitted lost temper sirius believed betelgeuse flicker amusement ran assembled luminaries sirius glared hall blue trees packed sphere orders effulgence high effulgents trial notorious losing temper
order voice sirius heard puzzled voice knew feeling heard kind sure trusted voices heard harm notion known voices dead voice asked anxious warm golden voice sounded anxious hint ferocity speaker dangerous mrs partridge friends chose sirius sure dead felt weak cope strong fierce voice floated silence answer warmth playing sirius scrap body grew stronger hotter speaker losing patience sirius frightened simply floated suppose voice think bad let try stop warmth stayed lapping sirius sensed speaker floated farther things green yielding warmth caught pinned gently rocking pleasant
times tail trotting house sirius carried arched upward crescent forgot dimly thought cloudy part mind tail remembered late thing happened excite robin started dance kathleen shopping sirius bound jovially forward tail whipping round round circles hitting path ornaments low tables broke cats battered papers flew basil fossils scattered thing knew cat scratching strong arm beating beaten oftener wagging tail house training constant memories early days lying aching ashamed sideboard kathleen tears cleared breakage kind mess duffie looming warn kathleen creature shop destroyed cold voice menacing sirius shivered shop took rooms front house duffie spent making odd whirrings clatterings nearest room talking room farthest opened street
try sirius connect kathleen scenes violence saw television gentlest reliable person household plain basil duffie duffie real daphne duffield disliked kathleen number reasons angry duffield consulted sending kathleen started kathleen money father prison duffie length cross frequently mouth feed cost clothes cost sirius cost china kathleen broke washing dishes costs duffie disliked irish called feckless called kathleen lazy stupid sluttish kathleen cooking housework dozens odd jobs older robin things things strong start playing sirius forget supposed cleaning bathroom duffie things cold high making kathleen tremble sirius cower duffie concluded scolding creature destroyed mend ways sirius learned blackmail kathleen scolded bargain
spoil creature wonder thinks owns house duffie sirius feel truly comfortable kathleen saw stars miserable night humans try imitate stars bangs fires star shapes soaring sky kathleen haste sirius indoors excited thought irish guns kathleen home want let sight stay guy fawkes kathleen won anyway wrong sirius fascinated home watched kathleen bed paws propped plants window sill cats understand retired linen closet refused midnight sirius learned grumbles lovely fires night wait longer lived order fire saw green rocket exploding houses spreading bright drifting tree turning hung sky fascinated sirius worried thought lay yard bar sunlight
sirius lay searched welling wheeling green things found strange facts stranger faces terrible sadness found rage plenty knew approaching kind violence sol meant approaching things seen television don think wouldn thought sol cheerfully angry reason looks injure kindly creatures reckon going stand kind thing mind inquiries trial sirius stopping sol anyway heartened sol side grinned dog grin tongue head thank look zoi sol think saw tied slip collar sirius open gate grin faded boredom frustration shut yard sol looked burning figure imploringly
kathleen bed surprised books lying floor basil picked examined clues sirius casual carried carefully knew hoped left faintest dent toothmark kathleen find tell books floor read put sirius grinned widely scrambled bed comfortable known trust kathleen read books books passion reading read book duffie pottery began rock book top schist gneiss kathleen read igneous formations pre cambrian era leo don think interesting metamorphic rocks high mineral content found follows leo don say half try book picked galaxy book written slightly easier words soon fascinated kathleen awed amazed thought stars planets wheeling infinite space sirius amazed humans discovered sitting earth whizzing
leo kathleen profoundly shocked seen look sirius gathered upsetting angry terrified shook finished let bath sea wave bringing bath water fled downstairs soaking duffie living room grimly powdering struggling cats received rest water sirius shook cats fled duffie seized poker drove sirius yard crawled shelter crouched shivering robin kathleen tried bath towels hated dried hated bath robin kathleen bitten snarled growled upset kathleen completely burst tears leo hate forgive listen robin snarling robin scared stoutly knows fault bitten feel point brought sirius senses deeply ashamed frightening shivering shelter licked apologetically robin kathleen hugged sirius wet grunt
poor thing butcher starving give chunk shin george put sirius swallowed meat pavement tried butcher technique improved soon entered shop spark kindness concentrated person spark left discovered put ears low eyes glow gave face soft appealing look shop butcher call shame letting lovely dog half starved sirius home satisfied surprised find interested lights kathleen bought tried method streets found gate open inside boldly battered front door house opened sat doorstep looking appealing knew wagging tip tail hopefully surprised person house exclaimed beauty gave biscuit cake course dog house sirius found wisest soon barked dogs jealous
summer vacation feeling sorry benny benjamin fabulous flying machine dropped sky changed trouble brother johnny fallen love couldn spend wouldn camping fishing promised left sat hilltop chewed grass spent lot staring clouds didn biplane top benny circling madison la route knew person actually getting ahead story plane bright yellow wheels looked belonged motorcycle plane close feel wind propellers silly sort noise sounded lot grandmother sewing machine hear pilot clearly yelled want ride wasn surprised nodded pointed empty field funny wasn scared plane fancy knew strange going didn care thought beautiful machine shiny yellow school bus
lives friends strangers spending katie re couple hundred feet ground looking plane hard feel sorry leaned enjoy ride pilot circled town looked sky felt couple times plane dipped fast stalled wasn afraid concerned flown forever suppertime benny heard thinking landed field shouted thanks called benny stunt flying game meet tomorrow show tricks sure face fell won able pay benny benjamin grinned couldn teeth wore goggles help act late supper johnny later mom bawled didn mention biplane thought crazy told fly try tell johnny going visit katie car wait minute want tell plane ride took afternoon
climbed edge wing carefully setting foot front holding tight wires stepped lifted head feel wing shaking feet benny dipped low crowd waved let wire waved stepped farther farther wing wind blowing face felt happier sure kind scared felt free looked glad glad alive waved let wire minute stood legs wide arms stretched absolutely support felt benny motioned hang tight grabbed wires braced feet fasteners dipped dives rolls finish act didn lose balance wasn afraid didn feel sorry thing felt pride tossed copper pennies crowd flew cloud landed things looked normal benny thanks kid free asked grinned pick lenny head mexico maybe canada matters free
milo lay awake thought soon sun sure brother sleeping adan making smacking noises lips meant asleep milo took shoes stood board creaked feet brother turned sleep didn wake moving slowly milo room picked black candle glass put shoes milo smiled walked hall put coat opened window stepped fire escape find ghost dutchman milo fire escape rafie apartment sure window gave soft knock rafie opened window rafie breath smoked cold air running ghosts rafie shaking head easy light candle milo showed rafie candle ghost shows picture sounds real easy rafie easy don need night rafie closed window bed milo walked street streets empty felt strange cold dark night tried sing couldn
milo mad knocked camera table milo picked looked broke milo milo pointed camera took picture jumped seeing works milo backing give camera give milo ran room jumped window hurried building ran window sun win called shadows want picture ghost give camera letting camera milo picture ghost milo called tonight show ghost show asked milo real ghost show real caretaker building hiding places bring camera ghost picture deal milo lots film milo ran home needed roll film tonight glad hidden money home months saving money camera case
night milo waited bed money brother buy roll film film camera camera sat bed ready picture ghost milo sure parents asleep bed listened brother going wake adan didn move quickly quietly milo left room stepped fire escape flying snow milo sure closed window want awaken father spanking milo didn stop knock rafie window knew rafie wouldn milo sidewalk snowing hard couldn street storm didn worry wasn snowing inside trading post find ghost milo walked camera snug coat didn feel afraid didn mind rafie wasn building help find ghost patch yellow showed storm milo knew bulldozer milo dock climbing ladder heard water foaming feet high winds backing water river milo stepped soon foot touched ice knew surface hold
dolphins quick learners enjoy tricks seen dolphins tricks big aquarium marineland florida seen dolphins tv dolphins taught shake hands flipper blow horn leap hoop learned leap water grasp rope mouth ring dinner bell marineland dolphins enjoy playing basketball passing ball making baskets toss ball hoop mounted feet water flippy ii marineland favorite baskets row half flippy ii star baseball game dolphins play pitches argues noisily umpire fields batted ball put runner young dolphins enjoy playing inventing games marineland tell stories dolphins amuse priscilla plays turtle balances snout rides tank young dolphins teasers enjoy pestering animals live tank dolphin took teasing fish fish trying swim forward dolphin taking tail pulling backward dolphin let fish fish hurried dolphin grasped tail pulled backward dolphin named algae enjoyed teasing red grouper large fish
chip chip chip european bird named chaffinch begins songs tell tell tell goes cherry airy airy bird speak english europe human beings talk language americans don understand soon turns chaffinch easy understand tissy chee wee oo ends song course bird word english languages speak today learn human beings words sings learn song chaffinches chaffinch simply born knowing sing chip chip chip tell tell tell cherry airy airy tissy chee wee oo bird makes sounds human baby cries hungry babies lessons cry chaffinch number singing sings warn chaffinches hawk nearby sitting perched tree dangerous chaffinch warns hawk takes air hawk dangerous swoop small bird scientists discovered experiments chaffinch sing chaffinch songs grows hears raise chaffinches kind bird elaborate song chaffinch raised
subject number rocketed caribbean sea mercury capsule subject number say subject secret known number mouse monkey dog frog rat chimp countdown launching pad cape kennedy florida trouble redstone booster worked shot capsule capsule rose miles space miles higher launchers expected subject number secret passenger alive ships united states navy waiting caribbean stretched miles sea pick capsule fell board watched skies anxious rescue valuable passenger mouse monkey word cape kennedy ships sea rocket overshot ships sailed farther position rescue planes took decks search sea helicopter rose landing craft sign capsule blue ocean bluer sky planes helicopters joined search hours later miles launching site pilot helicopter saw bright sea low water radioed joyfully ship capsule found
learned ways writing satisfied write stones cave walls needed materials write tablet large flat piece wax clay tablets easier handle stones write tablet stylus sharp pointed stick writing wax clay soft wax tablets hard cooled clay tablets baked dry hard tablets found tablets told today early able read tablets tablets large heavy understand began paper egypt kind paper writing material paper papyrus tall plant grows nile oasis papyrus solid stem egyptians cut papyrus stems short lengths split pieces open took pith soft inside part stem pith cut slices slices side side form flat sheet slices pith layed layer double sheets pith soaked water pounded formed flat sheet
kinds ways kinds manners dress differently speak language exactly alike hungry eat course makes delicious dinner place thought tasty thing remember think foods strange think things eat eat ant larvae insect grubs locusts candy think food comes cans unfit humans eat understand possibly taste chinese worm fry crisp golden munch salted peanuts bear taste sugar milk lemon tea sour horse milk favorite drink mongolians give sip coffee spit wash mouths water rid bad taste french think snails boiled shell pulled fork dipped butter treat don cranberry sauce served turkey think queer eat sweet meat ways cooking kinds food
nigeria heard lot short nigeria independent country october maps nigeria looks speck maps africa small tiny found easily ways locating southern tip big bulge western coast africa finding niger river flows heart nigeria empties gulf guinea method spot equator move finger north short distance map nigeria fourth accurate locate find area meridians east parallels north method geographer describe professional terms country small maps small compare soviet union china canada brazil united states big compare countries europe strange nigerians recently asked person part reply hausa yoruba member tribe answered kano ibadan lagos town city
winds currents carry iceberg journey thousand miles berg born floats water shore begins move current current water moving steadily direction current bathtub close drain run water inches deep open drain watch happens water moves direction drain water current west coast greenland current carries icebergs direction current carry ice cubes bathtub close drain run water inches deep drop ice cubes tub end drain open drain watch water current flow current carries ice cubes let water run carries ice cubes outlet thing happens icebergs float waters baffin bay current catches called west greenland current west greenland current carries thousands icebergs north icebergs started journey strong winds blow icebergs moving current winds current carry icebergs north miles icebergs smaller huge waves strike icebergs crash chunks ice fall water
think america looked pilgrims landed shores trees trees eye towering forests pioneers surely amazed atlantic coast forefathers landed trees water edge trees stretching distance trees seen lifetime thought america thick forest children grandchildren thought pioneers pushed farther farther west found forests hundred later pioneers mississippi valley open prairie surely thought forests hundreds miles farther west treeless plains pioneers surprise store pushed plains finally rocky mountains astonished eyes trees stretching towering western forests actually nearly half america lands forests pilgrims arrived million acres land blessed forests east west north south america stretched forests wide central plains treeless pilgrims looked thick woods towering trees
destruction forest lands finally began worry forests destroyed tried laws passed save trees understand america free couldn wished vast acres forests east middle west south cut hauled sad thing america lose natural forests especially white pines white pine tree built america country hundred cut sash door england house today find beautiful white pine wood trees growing maine revolution england villages built white pine standing today white pines region suitable grade lumber trees stood thick towering beautiful true growing east course pioneers moved country left stretches barren ground thick forests stood storms began bring floods barren mountainsides longer trees hold rainfall water rushed cut deep gullies caused floods rivers lowlands
clear cool light wind blowing tall grass hills white clouds beginning gather sky shadows rolled hills moved past sun wheels looked bob leaning fence watching cars practicing track blue ferrari stretch turn slowed skidded track bob shook head turned wheels kind driver learn thing fast times mistake turn turn timed ferrari hitting miles hour skidding turn half speed wheels laughed course don bob asked bob replied skidded ago nearly oil cooler trouble eleven laps think track learn looked top hill mechanics need practice race cars parking area crowd racing buffs moved car car looking truck gates crowd gathered
slowly grey mclaren rolled truck bob rand eased slowly ramp turned driver truck jim bob asked waited hours kinds trouble bob jim called san diego ready leave couldn truck started took hour find trouble trouble asked bob truck left san diego ran top fuel line rand mechanic jim freeman hour morning couldn took hour happened late asked bob don trouble replied jim started heard truck sounded mclaren rolling course stopped looked wheel wheel wasn started crowds rand added tom mechanic think america road miles awful didn roll truck jim freeman stop bob wide grin re hour left officials stop practice today let car started rolling
motel sat wooded hills miles laguna seca wheels jack walked restaurant saw shadows growing longer watched sun slid tops hills restaurant crowded friends wheels waved stood minute looking table jack sit wheels wheels white calling table restaurant scott newby exclaimed wheels moved tables friend scott sitting corner table sit eat looked young standing wheels friend join jack wheels friend scott newby drivers america scott jack coates jack coates scott coates scott studied jack face carefully looked wheels wheels shaking head say don say scott jack looking table suddenly put head looked scott eye newby father jack coates known fine race driver race father killed saw happen race track today don talk jack scott kindly
seconds jack covered ears sound powerful engines roaring past white chaparral going turn stretch blue ferrari green mclaren chaparral cars past fast jack found hard look suddenly shouting looked wheels wheels standing move eyes turned grid jack shifted eyes grid standing starting line grey mclaren matter wheels shouted jack felt wanted run wheels put hand jack arm stood watched rolled mclaren pits saying word sat grass jack felt sick stopped turning grabbed arms tried hard shaking jack wheels quietly powerful cars roared past lap wheels jack sat watched race jack knew winner wheels pulled jack race jack let bob jack remember walk parking lot wasn top hill miles jack wheels
sam knew wrong dog boy sam pretty stopped look antique american bull eye mirror knew faking enthusiasm kind mirror curved glass room gold frame eagle top thing couldn fool sam waddled put head leg hangdog expression hung basset hounds look beauty tim madame sosostris nodded sure think maybe mirrors let wait happens hoping going happen wouldn start aunt lucy henry watkins lawyer maurice chauffeur drove big car aunt lucy didn admitted later dooley persuaded didn maurice admit inherited big car grandpa lorenzo lorenzo father seen maurice times aunt lucy apartment sutton place thing remember mouth tightened string lips pulled lady purse
interrupt reading tell lorenzo lot think sound mind agree body small strong face happy handsome reason watkins sniff talk lorenzo working grandpa lorenzo getting ready inherit business lorenzo quit began study occult sciences interested course nowadays drops thing remember lorenzo madame sosostris making pancakes lorenzo original dropout madame sosostris occult sciences mutual interest brought lorenzo didn drop dropped wanted hope sets trend watkins reading declare testament recognition friendship continuous help kindness rearing young son timothy leave colleague madame sosostris ummayad astrolabe figuring stars ummayads dynasty arab kings lorenzo interested arabian thank goodness tang dynasty divining rod china knowing admired instruments hoping assist
trouble sam downright fell love aunt lucy love sight love whiff beautiful perfume lot fault left scheme going live bedroom wanted friendly asked aunt lucy care dear course knowing mind began things bedroom antique shop gave excuse madame sosostris books end couple weeks gotten rid college banners cutesy cushions worst pictures series framed illustrations rotten children book courageous boy overcame dopey phony handicap cost aunt lucy fortune course madame sosostris wouldn sell junk shop intelligent colleagues junk smuggled sutton place big pipe bowl shape skull fake mummy hand love fake real bone
set binge laughing swimming pool begin sam dog paddle half hour dooley managing australian crawl cleanup dooley razor scissors attendant gave sam shave haircut looked pretty scraggly asked dooley didn magic point magic hand makes sense magic snap fingers find hand vial sweet scent distilled wizard spice garden proceeded slap sam face things dooley proved excellent barber comb sam hair liked brush dog mean known bent obediently tried part sides preferred left call handsome stomach opinion home sam whimpered dismally sam stop dooley fixed voice groaned style scared point making
sam edgy fleas think rid turkish bath point began scratch ear course couldn leg dog hind leg quick jerky motions gave warning cough going put coughs sound tuberculosis rose announced lunch miss lucy sounding servant announcement fearful luncheon began poor sam saw fork knife spoons thought going carve lamb chops slow motion opened napkin spread lap sam hopes table manners neat dog tail clumsy bowl left mess secretively glance direction sam learned utensils fork knife carve slowly cetera rose served courses tomato juice swinging door kitchen dooley spying widest smile knew crazy truth happening aunt lucy pouring torrent nonsense
aunt lucy squealing joy bunnies love nibble sam standing passing carrots obediently felix visit william rhesus point company monkey felt refreshing talked think understood tell monkeys re tricky drifted puppy cage end favorite place shop recognized jumped hind legs forepaws screen started barking love shrill pitiful bark puppies sam lucy puppies settle settle wasn upset sam tim love barks excited felix muttered breath parakeet growled sam aunt lucy cooed puppies awhile face curious expression look timmy brown white corner looks true aunt lucy noticed batch mongrel guy exactly sam coloring think basset looked forlorn intimidated meeting strange dogs reach pick
thought ice pack help ice cubes freezer tied face cloth string untied ice fell head poor sam mean laughing fun expense thing let sleep breakfast rose preoccupied asked wanted ice cubes suspected mood dooley wise guy going coming asked fake innocence heard morning stirred coffee cup rattle won rose think rolling stones heard tell places swimming river jordan place bangladesh sipped coffee spilled chin damn wouldn surprised dooley rose fixit recite spell sort liked didn rose sure faking okay guess liked lot finish breakfast nosey leave freud troubles dog funny thing didn troubles rose thinking
dickinson office play real cool madame guy scholarly type tell tell re research incantations okay okay whispered enjoying conspiracy hello recognized glad broken crockery introductions incantations interesting dickinson allowed yeah medium madame sosostris need spells eyes began quiz dubiously barged point dickinson genie spell brought happen remember dear worst memory leave note close window dickinson hair strange thing idea tingled white puff balls top ears wait minute lunar eye yes yes comes um uh er rummaged mind full pieces crockery shrugged afraid recollect lord dickinson carpet anyway madame sosostris upstairs seen yes dickinson boy don exercise madame sosostris marvelous imagination lad imagination eh murmured madame
sutton place taxi strongly going elevator closer closer closer shared sensation wonder tremendous end dooley magic thousand risky going begin choosing funny important sort frightening wanted talk loud quiet drank feeling strangeness hall aunt lucy door dooley stopped frowned put hand shoulder master think getting cold feet truth wizard worked compels say surrender slave give lives ring finger jerked hands open couldn released bears thought thought giving awful lot sure bets race track automobiles latest clothes finding dooley luck kid feel luck hard give don try hog exactly thing true magic mind
judy sat darkened theater knees pressed seat front paid attention going ate popcorn thinking real interest action taking place big screen judy movie fan knew lot actors actresses knew directors judy learned camera movies liked movie writer director liked writer director wasn case actors actresses movie judy watching seen actors seen pictures director thought friend picked exciting stories tell saw times judy sat leaned forward hero chasing bad guys winding mountain road black car hero close bad guys shoot red sports car hit times didn slow bad guys watching road busy watching hero hero wanted tried turn fast black car flying edge
judy worked front crowd huge movie camera set middle street pointed front city bank stood camera waiting police car parked doors officers helping crowd moved judy view asked sure thanks judy hurried find mob reach police thing making movie front bank wanted think police told judy tried push bystanders thinnest point crowd slow going trying going force hurry big woman demanded bright red hair judy sure color bottle real hair look didn mother teach manners polite push shove woman sounded angry judy emergency kind emergency woman asked sure judy admitted think talk police
roy quickly drove van corner stopped front empty building minutes later judy feet bound hands tied lay concrete floor damp dirty cellar water dripping broken pipe light smashed window movie judy couldn help thinking maybe loose looked broken window idea crawled dirty floor window seconds found piece glass wall carefully rubbed rope wrists sharp edge glass moment hands free untied feet took gag judy ran basement steps stopped entrance building peeked van dashing corner saw crowd street bank gray van parked directly front bank camera pretending judy ran middle street place blocking ran fast stopped front policeman saw real robbery managed say gasps air making movie roy charging bank
woody tap jumped car buck brown laughed boys afraid car jumped woody afraid hot rod buck tap yes tell buck walked boys mother car boys car don yes car woody boys walked car look engine buck sure boys buck hands engine car don want broken touch tap promise look boys buck boys look engine buck boy looked engine air cleaner buck buck woody pointing big thing engine air cleaner don tell car buck buck car play song tap tapping song car door drum sticks tap wanted play drums drum tap song things called tap
rice give money clean place woody happy maybe money buy hot rod place dirt things woody looked dirt woody looked dirt woody thought clean hard thought buck hot rod club start woody woody working days soon place clean woody worked hard soon dirt big room rice woody rice room cleaned don room opened door room woody cleaning big room clean room woody worked door open room door opened dark room woody soon woody eyes dark dirt things big thing room cover big thing
didn late woody picked open hand bag bang bang woody let things fall red handbag girl things give girl took bag woody don want help woody walked red girl woody thought didn looks didn start woody talk teacher classes going try driver training auto shop woody took paper teacher talk carter teacher shop teacher don think driver training weeks woody talk carter woody ran door shop ran woody girl jumped looked woody looked cross woody didn try talk woody talk shop teacher carter talked woody woody talked carter car liked cars
woody cathy carl bumble bee parade woody happy driving car happy street saw parade looked talked bumble bee woody thought liked car woody driver license week drive car school took mother school mother liked ride home working parade today woody mother place hot rod show fifty dollars win money help car insurance pay mother money help car walk points boys parts hot rod parade show part looks car parade show car looked ten points car points car points part show judging cars engine parts car points place cars
judge show driver car part show boys need give boy paper paper tell fix car give things need start tell stop tell judge boy give paper boys looked papers called judge boys looked papers woody looked thing woody paper tire fix put soon woody tire fixed looked paper oil car put oil hard woody woody working hard look boys thing paper air cleaner clean put car took woody woody look boys judges stop woody looked buck trying oil car car covered oil
judges looking cars judge part show woody woods fred smith al kite woody woods wins place hot rod parade show twenty points boys girls woody woods hot rod boys buck club woody knows fix hot rod buck didn oil car funny woody club help boys cars woody maybe buck won want club boy won let start club car beat car showed school knows cars happy club woody tap going parade hot rods woody woods cathy tap hot rod buck parade oil car parade woody let stop eat fifty dollars place money going insurance money sat bumble bee eat tap things school started woody
flossie flamingo flew florida spend winter knew things changed marsh lived huge round pointed thing jutted air flossie friend olive owl knew things changed big tall thing rocket olive looks big silo flossie stayed farm silo sure silo yes sure olive owl flew listened talking building rocket going rocket silo flossie decided yes sure home flossie flamingo flew past rocket silo saw noticed early morning notice smoke base rocket silo smoke fire cried sure red flames shot roar rocket silo burning yelled flossie flamingo early heard flossie believe eyes slowly faster faster rocket silo lifted air trailing smoke fire roared sight leaving flossie ears ringing terrible rocket silo torn hole sky cried flossie believe soon stars fall
later ronald rail flew saw flossie harry carl landed thud party asked ronald carl crane re hiding hide rocket silo tore hole sky stars falling terrible ronald rail find harry heron told carl crane flossie told harry heron yes yes flossie flamingo poking bill wing saw heard hurry find safe place ronald rail crowded close carl crane stayed rest dark olive owl flying looking dinner strange saw birds crouched side side log dark re hiding ronald rail hide goodness sake asked olive owl going terrible change added carl crane stars fall believe find asked olive owl flossie flamingo told harry yes yes flossie hushed voice wing saw heard quick find safe place tree safe olive owl going find dinner
william birthday party family friends birthday august weather nice warm party william yard games balloon tag peanut hunt hot dogs slices ice cold watermelon eat william opened gifts dark father brought big cake candles wish william dad blow candles friend mark mother wish birthday deep breath mrs brooks lived door close eyes william sister julie william took deep breath closed eyes blow william blew candles mother wish hope william wished don tell interrupted julie tell wish won true mrs brooks agreed won tell william wait wish true till birthday party soon mrs brooks suggested julie william sighed fall winter spring summer wait wish rest summer part fall waited didn tell wish
sunny spot sidewalk eduardo turn sun ana rosa pointed direction unrolled paper walk front feet big black marker traced outline shadow sheet paper children pointed direction sun sun west shadow front tell ana rosa asked ana rosa understand teacher tried help sun west afternoon ana rosa shadow helps show west helped ana rosa english word shadow lost finding eduardo understood mind suggested softly spanish home shadow front need remember school bell rang home meet flagpole eduardo ana rosa friends walked flagpole flag eduardo find home stood front walk waited looked directions looked strange looked sidewalk black shadow front feet finding friend shadow ana rosa spanish
saturday morning mrs emory clock bus mystery took heavy suitcase home evening clock bus suitcase heavier charles liked carry suitcase bus carry home night mrs emory strong carry suitcase today heavy knew strong bus watched mrs emory hop aboard quick hair white shoes big coat skirts hat green charles handed heavy suitcase handed bag pay thank charles workman don aim beholden pay exactly week monday cookies tuesday cookies days saturday night waited waited mom called home mrs emory late wonder mother mystery charles shook head think mrs emory takes cookies special maybe sells suggested mother cookies sell charles sure lot mrs emory friends wonder making late today
grinding acorns hard arms grew tired hot stopped rest looked maria burro seen maria called maria sharon climbed top big rock looked listened sign burro strange sounds whispered closed eyes shook opened moving side clearing wildcat leaves rustle snake looked sounded strange scary wanted home maria wasn sure home turned ran ground rough soon knew suddenly stepped loose stone fell lay ground knee stung felt crying wanted stay knew home knew lost sharon lay suddenly heard sound hoofs sat burro ears pointed maria reached sharon nudged nose maria thought lost found sharon feet picked rope led burro rock climbed
jeff walked nest small buffy breasted mother eyes frightened fluttery sounds jeff stepped closer flew tiptoed peeked nest saw tiny eggs looked small white beans jeff reached touch stopped jamming hands pockets won touch turned nest slowly jeff walked home late lunch mother asked morning jeff woods dad baby hummingbird fly jeff babies eat feeder yes wire perch dad help put wire perch feeder sure jeff smile father asked waiting special visitors want ready jeff answered helped father bend wire feeding tube feeder filled hummingbirds feeder jeff watched sip sweet colored liquid special visitors dad asked maybe jeff hard wait watching morning mother hummer baby hummers feeder jeff watched babies short bills
rita lived seashore puerto rico sailing brother sailed water smooth sailing stayed shore boat moved slowly lay let drift asleep strong wind boat overturned rita woke cave surprise touched arm octopus don afraid rita hurt underground cave let show opening ocean pulled pointing opening easy ocean let want home cried rita octopus shook head let place tuna brother father fishing week seaweed tight hold breathe water octopus pushed gently ocean magic seaweed rita breathe water soon ease electric lights octopus proudly think ways clam shell carriages drawn sea horses round stones wheels
danny father milking cows night danny bear asked danny father orchard woods danny answered woods morning find bear danny father danny didn want woods father didn want exploring find bear danny bed night bears brown bears black bears cinnamon bears polar bear window kind bear waiting woods danny put head covers bears danny woke morning couldn thing fields trees barn house covered soft white fog wind blowing danny danny father breakfast re going find bear morning danny feed chickens bring eggs danny father need danny need show bear hiding woods danny father woods find bear danny father walked hill walked white fog ghosts danny father put feet carefully
northwest crete greece large land areas connected isthmus corinth isthmus narrow strip land connects larger areas southern peninsula called peninsula body land completely surrounded water eastern side aegean sea houses cities sparta mycenae salamis gulf corinth athens famous city early greece western coast bordering ionian sea find olympia site famous olympic games farther north island ithaca home odysseus hero greek poetry greek legends remember important cities locations map help continue discover explore wonders early greece early rome began village tiber river found central part boot shaped peninsula juts mediterranean sea map recognize peninsula italy hundred miles nearly times size greece civilization early greece drew power city states greece civilization glory early rome sprang city rome peak success rome powerful city seat huge empire stretching northern africa asia minor
look map mediterranean sea area sixth century show greeks persians spreading colonies area building equally sea empires natural clash powers persians leadership king cyrus took control land asia minor directly aegean sea east greece area called lydia contained greek city states city states message sparta strongest greek city asking aid spartans called wanting involved distant fight delegation cyrus warning harm greek cities cyrus responded capturing putting greek cities lydia rule persia threat greece wasn persians invaded europe stayed north greece crossing bosporus danube bridges boats persian army forced retreat due food shortage succeeded making strength power felt athenians darius leader persians ready attack greece ahead asking earth water city states earth water symbols surrender welcome cities gave fortunately sparta athens city states join forces persia
greek loved found neighbor home midst discussion streets athens gathering political meeting open arena eagerly awaiting beginning drama mingling crowds olympic games greeks enjoyed tending flocks sheep caring olive groves looked forward evening banquet food wine plentiful pleasant conversation greek spent things making mental physical abilities early greeks sturdy healthy accustomed changeable weather hilly land travel rough seas intense thirst knowledge equal respect human mind body let look everyday greek fortunate citizen enjoy living heavy labor left slaves spartan citizen lead strict military athens enjoy freedom democratic rule attending meetings assembly carefully educated boy converse fight bravely live modest dwelling city filled fine pieces art tall structures sculptured columns
city rome home rich poor members wealthy noble families patricians greatly outnumbered common lower class plebeians thousands brought conquered countries slaves food lodging scarce poor excitement city drew magnet love glamour york san francisco today romans gave fresh air country living heart gay bustling city wealthy controlled republic rome senators decided fate ruler enactment law slaves peasants merely decisions middle class early greece early rome extremes lived comfort lived poverty satisfying whims dictator emperor power senate artists architects answered crying need smooth plain lines buildings works art romans concerned progress accomplishments business huge empire problems poor complaints young soldier roman officials knew poor easily distracted free food entertainment crowds attracted huge arenas chariots raced wildly known gladiators fought vicious battles romans worshipped temples scattered city
greeks column buildings romans found beauty wide sweep arch arches built roman aqueducts palaces viaducts bridges roman builders proud vault roof ceiling shape arch citizens rome enjoyed visiting public baths admired design buildings included arches high domed ceilings popular building rome colosseum scene entertaining events giant arena hold spectators word coliseum comes latin means gigantic pantheon built temple honor roman gods stands center rome dome atop pantheon feet diameter stands feet ground light entire building pours single window dome aqueducts roman version modern plumbing carried fresh water city hundred miles aqueducts granite cemented mixture sand limestone water amazing romans invent sound system simplest tools roads early rome bear heavy steps legions soldiers hauling weapons tramped country farmers carrying grain simple carts roads constructed smooth
western formed part art literature greece romans left key successful governing large territories laws control areas engineering skills order roman republic empire grew romans realized need universal law due belief follow rules romans felt members human race citizens city say idea justice early roman civilization roman civil law effect louisiana province quebec canada domes arches vaults rome played important part construction modern buildings churches recall high arches domed ceilings roman pantheon church beginning christianity served model churches romans showed finest roads knew modern times roads europe north africa today built original bases laid romans notice aqueducts bridges cities follow pattern set early romans football fan stadiums look arenas roman times
thirteenth fourteenth centuries methods warfare changed europe discoveries inventions europeans learned black powder exploded learned powder fire bullets knowledge put medieval methods warfare date weapons knights soldiers medieval europe methods fighting black powder gunpowder chinese firecrackers chinese developed small simple cannon shoot small rockets bamboo english monk named roger bacon wrote book telling gunpowder thought important europe knew control gunpowder find gunpowder find explodes gunpowder explode enclosed space gunpowder hard control dangerous fourteenth century european metalworkers learned hollow metal tubes firearms firearms cannon guns large small firearm hollow metal tube inside amount gunpowder hard ball gunpowder lit explodes explosion hard ball fired tube ball shoots open end fast
fifteenth century happened slow trade europe east muslim turks set empire known ottoman empire conquered asia minor constantinople chief city eastern christendom conquered greece western christendom danger ottoman empire lay silk road southern trade routes europeans wanted goods indies trouble getting turks want european merchants travel lands merchants trouble steppe route china protection bands robbers route merchants lost caravan goods costly risk merchants europeans wondered door east slammed shut arab merchants trade east european merchants routes arabian sea open arabs controlled land routes controlled muslim turks turks conquered alexandria main arab trading port mediterranean route east controlled turks europeans find ways spices silks difficult prices things high prices high let follow pepper india europe merchant india buy pepper low price
merchant ships ships trading early european merchant ships port carry cargo goods ships built explore unknown waters early ships wood ends ship shaped exactly alike ship mast held square sail kind ship sail direction wind blowing gradually european shipbuilders improved ships changed wooden body narrowing front widening shape easier boat move water shipbuilders lines ships longer lower ships tossed high waves easily european shipbuilders borrowed important idea muslims sails shaped triangles europeans learned sails turned easily square sails turned catch slightest breeze ship sail wind wind ship sail large sail gain power wind move shipbuilders wanted ships larger tried adding sails portuguese developed ship called caravel triangular sails caravel light quick flat bottom sail shallow water
machiavelli italy studying classical writers sir thomas lived england lawyer deeply religious wondered live religious ideals honest person honest care justice sir thomas friends argued question sir thomas interested thought ideal lived ideal england poor beg living robbers rich nobles wasted money government jobs took bribes profits wars sir thomas things loved england wanted prosperous strong wanted laws lives sir thomas wrote book comparing saw england country mind country ideal perfect called utopia utopia greek sir thomas saying ideal exist found mind utopia wrote sir thomas representative government person power goods owned works food clothing housing rich poor working studying things
latin christendom official church roman catholic church centuries christians western europe thought roman catholic church church felt belong church course latin christendom belong catholic church jews areas muslims church medieval christendom middle ages church troubled groups christians developed ideas teachings jesus ideas ideas held catholic church groups broke church lasted presence disturbing end middle ages latin christendom united due partly spread printing learning earlier days books scarce read read depended priests teach christianity development printing press meant books produced cheaply easily important book western europeans bible bible testaments groups left church thought christians read bible church leaders pointed uneducated education bible church leaders wanted priests study
indulgence pardon took part punishment waited sinner purgatory indulgence died naturally wanted indulgences indulgence sorry sins pray perform deeds things visit shrines saints give money building hospitals monasteries churches christians understood original idea indulgences understood important thing sorry sins giving money saying sorry christians understand thought paid money forgiven simple thought buy indulgences sins planned commit later sorry sins matter indulgences source money church church needed money grant indulgence preachers announce indulgence preachers interested getting money overlooked real meaning indulgences christians unhappy indulgences felt church offering reformers felt preachers emphasizing need truly sorry taking large share money
elizabeth english wanted start english colonies wanted colonists want slow hard raising crops liked adventure enjoyed hearing english sailors attacked spanish ships sailors tried capture spanish treasure ships loaded gold silver met spanish ships high seas fought ship won took ship cargo daring english sailors called sea hawks swooped spanish ships hawks swooping food sea hawks national heroes english bold patriots fearless enemies spain spanish government pirates punished philip warned elizabeth sea hawks stopped elizabeth asked control happened england invested money sea hawk expeditions received share booty investor philip raged elizabeth pretended knew raids famous sea hawks francis drake ideas english navy protect homeland staying close england english navy sail high seas able fight england home england learn fight wars water land england develop kind navy drake wanted
july armada set sail ships armada size fighting force philip ships built kind sea war tall sat high water handle cannon took load fire ammunition board spanish ships soldiers sailors soldiers sailors unlike spanish fleet english fleet built kind sea war english ships longer lower faster turned easily wind handled cannon fire distances english fighting spirit crews mainly sailors soldiers armada reached english channel english fleet began attack english ships close spanish ships spaniards chance ram board chance fire english cannon fired slowly fire missed low fast english ships english cannon hammered high slow spanish ships high winds rough water tossed spanish ships netherlands pick spanish troops english ships chased armada medina tried rest forces harbor english played clever trick midnight set fire ships
political ideas strengthened religious reformation started luther reformers religious reasons supported persons political reasons power popes cut strong kings arose england france spain kings helped taxes paid middle class put feudal nobles set strong armies navies successful nation nation states brought speaking language strong government government early nation headed king monarch king aim unite powerful king power dictator king henry viii plenty support parliament popular king loyalty monarch nation stronger older loyalties medieval christendom longer bound feudal lords longer obeyed order church matter religion obey monarch laws land foremost philip ii seen spanish inquisition crush disagreement lands elizabeth ordered england attend church england call loyalty nation nationalism powerful controlling ideas modern times
chinese africans legends creation mountains valleys says god finished making heavens measured ball thread started create earth fit mole offered help god let mole hold ball thread god weaving shaping earth mole let thread god busy notice times mole let thread god finished amazed find earth big fit heavens mole seeing afraid ran buried earth god bee find mole ask bee found mole answer question bee hid flower hoping mole think start talking mole thought loud saying squeeze earth mountains stick valleys sink earth smaller hearing bee buzzed mole heard buzzing angry put curse bee saying henceforth feed bee told god mole god squeezed flat earth mountains rose valleys sank earth fit heavens
neolithic invention loom machine weave cloth took wool sheep spun thread wove thread cloth dyed cloth bright colors patterns circles squares cloth clothing wrapped bodies dead neolithic age began metal picked lumps copper lead gold silver found lying ground hammered cold metal beads jewelry learned shape metal weapons metals found ground scarce continued stone bone wood inventions neolithic age neolithic pottery important result neolithic revolution increase food supply food population number began grow experts think million neolithic revolution began population jumped million paleolithic age infants sick spent obtaining food increase food supply occupations jobs food potters metal workers carpenters weavers jewelry makers exchange products grain fruit meat longer worked crafts skilled
egyptians believed strength unity nation strong ruler egyptian rulers called kings later called pharaoh meaning house egyptians pharaoh ruler priest god pharaoh center egyptian ruled earth gods ruled heaven pharaoh owned land egypt pharaoh gave gifts land rich egyptians priests sure land produced pharaoh saw dams irrigation canals built repaired pharaoh ordered building brick granaries storage buildings grain granaries store grain harvests starve times bad harvests pharaoh chose government officials officials taxes collected building permits issued trade foreign lands pharaoh hands word pharaoh law egyptians believed happened egypt depended pharaoh actions chief priest pharaoh performed rituals pharaoh break irrigation dikes open land water water pharaoh drove sacred bull capital city egyptians believed ritual soil fertile grow crops pharaoh cut ripe grain
athens going government persians ruled largest powerful empire western persians conquered ionia greek city states asia minor aegean islands later ionians revolted asked city states greek mainland help athens polis warships fighting persians put revolt darius persian king satisfied wanted punish mainland greeks helping ionians darius fleet ships equipped army greece persians landed plain marathon miles kilometers north athens days persians decided sail directly athens attack sea began loading ships cavalry strongest unit persian army boarded soon cavalry aboard greek soldiers ran close order hills marathon remaining persians prepared meet kind attack defeated winning battle marathon gave greeks sense confidence shortly battle marathon rich silver mines found athens athenians spent wealth warships called soon athens largest navy greece athenians planned prepared persians returned persians return darius son xerxes soldiers aegean
socrates left writings known comes pupils athenian aristocrat named plato plato recorded speeches socrates trial death plato socrates died till plato wanted politician changed mind left greece traveled egypt italy returned home set school athens sacred grove hero school plato hoped train government leaders known academy plato taught academy academy lasted plato death plato beliefs contrary ideas athens plato believed order thought political liberty disorder approve thought wise rule plato set ideas ideal book called republic book written political science study government plato examined types government explained avoid political mistakes socrates plato believed truth thought found hard search showed difficult discover truth called dialogues dialogues consists series discussions talk things truth loyalty
etruscans gods modeled greeks etruscans worshipped gods outdoors platforms stone earth later built temples wood mud brick clay stone foundations temples peaked tiled roofs adorned sculptures etruscans believed universe divided provinces province ruled gods humans lived center universe facing south gods nature earth lay west ruled gods death underworld left lay east ruled gods heavens etruscans believed west unlucky east left lucky planned cities built temples face east left etruscans believed humans powerless gods etruscans wanted gods discover gods willed priestly group aristocrats called read omens signs group read omens livers sacrificed animals parts liver corresponded provinces ruled gods group interpreted gods studying direction sounds thunder lightning flight birds etruscans worship gods
irish scholars artists strongly influenced christianity irish church founded saint patrick born britain century saint patrick kidnapped teenager ireland irish pirates escaped europe studied priest bishop returned ireland win christianity preached island set churches believers ireland lost contact rome germanic invasions roman empire longer rely pope leadership irish church turned abbots related heads clans clan sponsored monastery monasteries centers irish faraway places rocky coasts steep hills monastery consisted group huts surrounded protective wooden stockade later monasteries built stone poor transportation communication church organization weak monastery controlled affairs irish monks soon began follow practices roman church wore hair style celebrated easter rituals performed rome irish monasteries set rules monk free move monastery monks chose hermits set schools teach christianity missionaries lot traveling
call warriors battle vikings lit bonfires tops mountains saw fire light spread message warriors fought battle axes swords spears metal helmets decorated animal figures protected heads shirts iron rings covered large cloth protected bodies warriors preferred die hand give enemies satisfaction capturing killing viking groom bought wife family wedding pleased sell position viking women high took complete charge home attend public meetings talk husbands property divorce viking women grew herbs medicine women encouraged fight women liked fine clothes dressed trousers woolen shirts covered knee length tunics broad leather belts held clothing place sheepskin hoods caps heads warm special events wore red cloaks brooches carried decorated swords daggers women wore tunics held place belt covered heads woolen linen caps wore large brooches pins bracelets women wore hair took pride mustaches beards calling viking beardless insult wiped death
northeast coast africa central asia lies arabian peninsula live known arabs bedouins herders roamed desert search grass water camels goats sheep lived tents woven camel goat hair bedouin warriors raided peoples fought pastures springs valued camels swords enjoyed poetry music believed gods worshipped stones trees pieces wood believed homes spirits supernatural powers seventh century religion called islam appeared mountainous area western arabia known arab empire based islamic beliefs developed dominate area larger roman empire word islam means act submitting giving oneself god followers islam called muslims means believers islamic religion founded arab merchant named mohammed known prophet allah god islam shook foundations byzantium persia powerful civilizations arabic common language million shape persons earth islam important middle sixth century major towns developed
miss red hair pretty katie admired pretty miss mother wasn pretty wear horn rimmed glasses knew face plain hair ordinary color sort pale tan blonde brown straight hair grew choice thought redheaded miss choice blonde mother hey joy wait minute katie pressed face cold bars calling miss met pollard lived miss collided stairs night cedars apartments dropped papers carrying katie stepped sworn sorry stared pollard quickly snatched papers edged running rest ran katie thought wondered city home delaney didn run exactly looked face backed muttering things couldn understand hurried direction
mrs tall thin large feet wart chin hairs sticking katie stared wart fascinated seen ugly human face hurt asked monica hand doorknob paused look hurt mrs asked voice sounded rising gravel wart katie mrs face red monica strangled sound katie pete sake polite say things mrs cleared throat voice sounded gravelly mrs handle girl monica scuttled opening glad escape mrs stared katie deciding eat fried boiled re manners mrs remarks things warts supposed give lessons manners katie think hired sit don need capable taking care let thing straight mrs told don stand sass ma bit difficult don think re match don katie thought suspected match mrs tried hurt monica saying difficult
drat forgotten promised mrs watch jackson jones paper boy wanted colored eyes mrs stayed kitchen reading true confessions katie beat door saw guiltily past watched paper boy missed blue eye green wouldn notice looking tall skinny stared uncertainly redmond collecting paper redmond lives katie told mother moved week ago word katie mouth washed soap happening move paying bill try collect em week month cheats owe katie asked sympathy dollars half jackson jones guessed older hard tell sure tall small want paper don ask mother comes home tell boy sighed
sure mrs michaelmas eye katie don need pay real nuisance winked katie exchange visit sister weekend maybe katie look lobo don put kennel hates kennel sister allergic cats settled easily katie thought solve problems monica called mrs told mail check katie didn hear mrs monica face red nice felt strange apartment morning katie indulged letting things fly kitchen knives forks hurtling table cereal box tipping bowl pour milk hand wobbled spilled doubt finished eating allowing orange peel divide sections watched katie loaded dishwasher wiped crumbs hung leaving seat table handy sort fun katie didn special able move things
evening monica nathan decided swim katie told minutes soon sure actually pool level list telephone numbers began call number answered didn names kids gave asked eric voice end minute katie began tingle anticipating male voice answered moment later sounded lot older ten wanted eric katie asked carefully heart begun pound chest eric harry voice want want eric dad thought harry eric voice connection broken katie disappointed realized didn plan starting speak found meet face face tell assuming actually didn manage casey listings asked dale heard woman voice call dale telephone katie crossed fingers hard
soon monica morning headache katie wondered nathan real fight left previous night katie called number reached dale casey voice answered gruff voice speak dale busy chores talk weed garden mow grass katie thought quickly couldn couldn call couldn leave number guess told number repeated hoping writing waited apartment morning called waiting sat composed letter girl lamont addressed return address letter monica gotten yesterday friend fern remembering looking letter monica answered lying desk bedroom ordinarily katie wouldn thought nice read mail surely special case maybe fern lamont say give clue wanted letter written terrible handwriting mrs anderson mrs lamont penmanship katie thought wrote wasn interesting mrs lamont going kids school vacation couldn find decent sitter didn job charles husband didn think bowling left
thought sure morning ask girls slept late woke dress summer clothes katie didn stand trooped upstairs breakfast decided intended save breakfast case run rolled night pretty flat katie decided stuff pocket emergency mrs jones ignore batch kids making pancakes fifteen sixteen girls busy look face katie sat big oval table sausages pancakes blueberry syrup drank tall glass orange juice didn breakfast girls mothers began arriving sleeping bags home course left jackson jones showed katie felt panic rising mrs jones smiled mother sit front porch swing wait think dorothy carol jenny evans wait katie didn didn refuse calling attention greatly relieved opened front screen door jackson jones coming steps empty paper bag slung shoulder
police car front cedars apartments didn chances katie led alley crept shrubbery look minutes later unfamiliar vehicle pulled katie felt dale fingers digging arm whisper felt heard lamont girl age smaller katie dark curly hair horn rimmed glasses stood sidewalk waiting parents car look children hidden cedar trees mrs lamont tall thin pretty mouth looked twisted crossly re waiting lamont older wife fringe graying hair bald spot didn bother try cover wore pants plaid shirt heavy boots looked cross mrs lamont sounds crazy deep voice rumbled stout chest kid peculiar rushing middle
school slow learners easier understand truth mrs lamont couldn school mean regular schools week kids saturdays maybe special classes gifted children program learn russian advanced math things kids learn learning school soft sweet voice think school want study bugs want admitted bugs re special important leaders things tremendous benefit mankind want think help help learn happy filled taught accept differences katie felt monica fingers tighten think eric fern idea monica katie need children think needs learn ordinary kids lived re beginning acquainted katie home grown
deep swamp daylight didn formed white heavy scraped hunting knife sammy osceola seen gator feet sitting quietly left bank heard thrashing side thought fight viciousness sound knew mother gator laid eggs covering nest mound saw swing tail big stripped clothes light capture rope waist slid noiselessly clear black water took deep breath minutes later surface ripple shield overhang bank moved gator slide peered nest mound partly covered mother climbed stood bank letting water drain saw coral walls large clearing sealed shut sun bleached coral white ramps form peak ten twelve feet ground hawk nest tail sticking clapped hands flew
boar bank tall ugly looking stupidly water sammy osceola reached rifle hawk began plunging flapping boar started sammy osceola pulled trigger report shook night sound lost distance hog side death jerking stub legs sammy osceola put rifle reached food ate unhappy indian boy foolish indian boy chased rock hogs lose hunting foolish boy business hunting left maybe hour food canteen water hurt throat thought joe cypress joe cypress gator farm ten white missionary tell seminole boys sport loser lose winner hand shake sammy osceola jammed food sack canvas put clothes fast mouth tight grabbed paddle feel heat skin soreness fingers mosquito welts shake joe cypress hand shake hand lead joe cypress show black bull show biggest gator joe cypress seen
stopped kid galloping street pasty faced bony squirt freckles popping excitement skittered stop front mister hey ears flapping importance fight mister fight ma re yellin beautiful ryan hand quiet steady scrawny shoulder fighting jimmy olsons boy swear wriggled puppy kid beat ma ryan didn ask olsons lived jerked head joe started didn moving fast joe lost turned doorway muttering holy saints ryan floor ground floors fight landing didn need told battle yelling madison square garden big night floor sort shouting roaring bull foreign language ripe cursing sounded nationality woman voice thin high scared yelping phonograph record stuck needle ryan put shoulder door panel turned knob door squawked hinges opened giving view room
saturday disagreed late allowed stay refused extend curfew complained treating adult standard answer mean don idea constitutes makes adulthood let put pretend grown sixteen boy deceived similarities likenesses plumage diet song identifying genuine real adult big strong capable adults argue child maintain sincerely believe manhood measured lateness hour father permits stay night recently attended assembly teen agers addressed grown believe audience side pretend jittered jiggled odd faces spoke adults labored deal thought current teen age slang later heard kids talk amusement contempt efforts imitating thought teen age behavior obvious comments speaker commanded respect attention appeared grown caricature boy
known lives carried daddy arms shoulders kissed spanked watched learn walk don known loved infant child gain strange perspective human pain effort look father face father face today faces let laugh cellar father remember house remember hear present laughter laughter child let curse remember falling cellar steps howling remember pain tears hand grandmother easily wiped hand wipe tears sheds invisibly today hears laughter speech songs brother narrowly survived worse crime accuse country countrymen history forgive destroyed destroying hundreds thousands lives want
johnny ate potato pancakes listlessly glad father turn tv listen news touched apple pie mother saw shake head left table doin tonight johnny father asked look johnny told thought bitterly home week home neighborhood change practically guys service married moved johnny lowden army walked sam candy store chewed rag sam sam didn change army johnny sam sam grinned war thing re johnny job home end johnny johnny lowden stood corner smoked cigarette watched kids sam walked corner stood sixteen seventeen twenty awhile walked house stood stoop watching kids play street nearby
kids watching bud gas pedal engine roaring power car ninety tame stuff thought flats hurt danger guts ninety trucks rolling nudge ten ton monsters gunned car seventy slowed turned pushing road half empty clock tomorrow give works hundred chicken maybe figure darted road front jammed brakes knew split stop instant saw edge vision small boys running side road swerved figure front held wheel hard skidded stop left wheels touching shoulder inches running boys stood rooted mouths black white faces crossed front bud running shouting didn bud
thought looking glumly bus window rain beginning fall wasn job liked didn hours didn pay didn working valet shop didn working colored guy brad gave trouble negroes known working folks guy folks didn taking orders actually pick suits doors hotel rooms bring brad press brad charge didn meaning ellie buddies especially folks told crazy job looked month summer job find couldn girl ellie lousy dollar week father gave night dinner mother started talking jumpy upset started working gotten real point don approve job worked neighborhood
high school college home lived dorm telling reading franny wasn thinking negro alien wasn real human guy named dan talking roommate heard say mom getting flu shopping morning bought fifty dollars worth stuff matching spool thread suddenly began black knew sit minutes cup coffee ok store downtown fainted ammonia found cot brought cup coffee bill laughed funny dan terrible irony dan nodded mother don think irony closed book mom tired needed cup coffee downtown buy store couldn buy cup coffee sit quietly drink thought going john let restroom saw mom suddenly standing front
gilly obligingly took gum mouth miss ellis eyes mirror social worker turned attention traffic gilly carefully spread gum handle left hand door sticky surprise person try open traffic lights farther miss ellis handed face gilly swiped wet paper mouth dropped floor gilly miss ellis sighed shifted fancy floor gears gilly gilly teeth miss ellis appeared heard gilly give trotter half chance ok nice person cans thought gilly accused mrs nevins recent foster parents nice mrs richmond bad nerves nice newman family couldn wet bed nice eleven folks case haven heard don wet bed anymore nice brilliant famous entire county wants tangle hopkins clever hard manage gruesome gilly call leaned comfortably baby ready
think miss ellis ok deserve house run fat fluff brained religious fanatic mentally retarded maybe maybe wasn actually retarded chances kid running full share brains trotter big deal handled wasn fair throw blind black eat maybe miss ellis didn maybe trotter secret sidewalk uneven randolph toe hit high corner lurched forward watch thinking gilly threw arms thin shoulders caught fell thank thank gilly dropped arms thought horrible moment going try grab hand didn boy miss ellis going sorry mrs trotter tell ashamed say don recall tapped head short curly gray hair luxuries necessities gilly muttered beg pardon gilly hopkins yes shuffling painfully trotter front steps jeez didn white cane
met agnes stokes recess agnes shriveled looking sixth grader class red hair fell waist sidled gilly playground thing gilly noticed dirty fingernails girl moment gilly reminded story rumpelstiltskin creature girl power knew gilly gilly didn yeah gilly let evil dwarf wasn interested beating boys yesterday yeah gilly couldn help interested school girl leaned building assuming gilly pleased company girl twitched freckled nose thought reason smaller girl jacket sleeves knuckles began roll left sleeve slowly silently part ceremony gave gilly creeps gilly blurted question half expecting girl refuse answer agnes stokes lowered voice call ag big deal
gilly coming phone booth agnes appeared demanding money pretended grumpy dollars gilly gave greedy gleam eyes pleased asked gilly shook head split ways looked lot pocket yesterday yeah rest don split equal weird kid wouldn difference dumb looks gilly looked agnes straight eyes acts stupid maybe thought cheating agnes shrugged let ok sure gilly agreed knowing happily creepy agnes stoke tonight bound real rid agnes front gate lie trotter forcing scrub dirty pots house agnes home wasn crazy cleaning pots pans stepladder hall gilly put schoolbooks table leaning pick gilly honey want snack straightened quickly eat chance gave ladder pat kitchen
letter courtney absolutely true surely part trotter religious fanatic read bible prayed joining randolph grace food started church morning sunday didn home twelve thirty peculiar sunday mornings torture gilly church strange white frame building stuck hill police station built city country town part metropolitan washington sprawl church didn fit modern anymore children sunday school class gilly lumped twelve olds church presided ancient miss minnie applegate reminded charges sunday saved billy sunday hell billy sunday sounded character comics billy sunday meet brenda starr miss applegate neglected say billy sunday saved burning building path speeding locomotive luckily preserved pickling accomplished applegate things lecture ten commandments steadfastly refuse explain adultery miss applegate sensibly asked don adultery re
gilly fall pulled straight directed sleepy eyes look reserved teachers principals going mother lives san francisco ok taking money recounting handed ticket bus leaves thirty thirty yeah want check bag thirty hours want leave soon look kid asked ticket gave bus sighed ok consulted book clock washington catch twenty stuck hand fix ticket gave gotta check routing nodded seats waiting room sit call hesitated reluctantly obeyed didn idea leaving money ticket afraid ask questions protested phone talking muffled voice poring books baggage room stayed minutes forty
dinner night trotter fried chicken crisp crackle bit beat potatoes creamy peaks electric mixer randolph favorite green beans ham bits gilly fruit salad baby marshmallows sweet sour smell cherry pie filled kitchen sat table appetite food speech william ernest cried big silent tears catching corners frame glasses spilling cheeks randolph smaller thinner sat forward chair shy half smile face meant say trotter breathing hard climbed stairs rearranging serving dishes offer seconds plates piled high gesture useless gilly watched tried decide miss ellis told thanksgiving visitor gilly grandmother trotter hoped crazy letter couldn remember letter retarded mind blanked defense god don let trotter meant hurt wanted wanted home trotter tried give
house edge village larger older considerably cleaner trotter horses expected thought courtney room think door courtney room hung pink poster bed complete stuffed animals dolls couldn dear big house choose room found liking bunk bed brown corduroy spreads models airplanes hanging delicate wires ceiling metal wire wastebasket basketball football baseball mitt cradling stained ball grandmother explained quietly ask room courtney older brother pilot crashed steaming jungles vietnam nonetheless room haunted sister help unpack inside head screaming don need help trotter sake ate lunch dining room real monogrammed silver silver rimmed china set lace mats woman caught gilly eying layout hope don mind celebrating apologizing eat kitchen
pretzel turned stone lie door blurred gilly wanted leave didn want cry stupid airport moment heard say quavering voice courtney hello person wasn courtney couldn courtney courtney tall willowy gorgeous woman stood taller plump wore cape hard real shape hair dull stringy dark version agnes stokes needed washing flower child seed gilly immediately pushed disloyal thought sort put hand younger woman arm timid embrace huge embroidered shoulder bag courtney smile engraved gilly soul flashed teeth perfect face face courtney rutherford hopkins longer doubt hi word didn wondered supposed try kiss courtney point courtney hugged pressing huge bag gilly chest stomach saying shoulder tall sounding gilly lovely girl course courtney stepped smiled gorgeous heart shattering smile
cars straightaway ferrari caught woody woody knew blue wasp ahead turn mahoney turns fast woody mahoney road race don beat hear end woody brian mahoney known track racer newspapers called goggles drivers wore goggles face shield attached helmet raced track races raced indianapolis mahoney friend buck brown buck talked coming road race woody knew buck wanted mahoney race mahoney beat woody woody seen mahoney woody angry think mahoney told reporter driving indianapolis driving road race simple brian mahoney win woody wanted show road racing easy looked woody let powerful car machine power burn corners fast car woody beat blue wasp holds
days woody want woody liked bonnie walk knew stop ask road race talked brian mahoney beaten woody road race longer thought woody driver saturday woody working stock cars house racing shop week bad showing race bad reports papers keeping house racing shop house jeff tap working shop morning hey woody woody turned buck brian mahoney going asked woody races left tour indianapolis start practicing mahoney going wanted left asked woody mahoney seeing setup driver championship tour house kind money
pulled indianapolis showed put race car gasoline alley place race cars worked race tools happy indianapolis thing look track big stands woody seen big stands track front stands covered bricks thought track brick ann woody covered bricks front stands late race car pickup truck put ann car town find place stay indianapolis months morning ann race track early woody house going walk walk asked woody going thought drive going walk track drive house sure hope driving woody house started walk mile track walked house talked woody
race lap cars race hot hard engines drivers woody zipped pit big pl board told place race trying place passed cars taking easy waiting part race cars track mahoney lead driving mahoney giving ground tough beat woody getting race roar cars track loud glad put ear plugs place race cut noise lap lap passed woody worked cutting corners faster making lap roared pits big mph board woody knew lap miles hour woody watching tires holding drivers pit stops tires fuel race driver cut pit stops woody lap tap put board
cars race track race half cars dropped engine trouble crashes woody saw cars front cars trying place woody thought thing stay maybe drop lap lap woody began feel tired hot speeds driver let laps tap signalled woody pit stop pulled quickly pits pit stop faster woody track seconds tire needed changing tires lasting longer crew thought woody pit stop woody roared track try lost pit stop laps cars front woody pit stops cars ahead woody hold place cars track woody held place cars woody busy driving thought mahoney mahoney forgotten woody
lap lap passed ten laps woody chance passing mahoney laps left lap lap woody watching tires thinking fuel tires run fuel finished track front stands woody hear roar engines plugs ears decision chance thought woody giving fuel mahoney thing trying stay ahead woody knew woody found zooming mahoney happened happened fast checkered flag standing cheering brian mahoney woody woods woody think woody drove track saw mahoney front stands pushing car finish line finish line place woody brought car stop running wanted talk saw hands arms faces microphones cameras flowers house ann jeff tap
maria lived family small island west indies father fisherman boat fish traps mother busy house night maria lay bed hear leaves rustling whispering understand maria grandfather fine sat house sun shade busy making mending fish nets children lived maria sea friend talked maria night sang sleep waves shore play games brought gifts shells gave sandy beach maria loved beach sat drew pictures sand stick grandfather things hands grew tired games grandfather grandfather lonely grandfather sat looked sea lonely fishing boat learned happen remember boat surrounded mermaids playing music grandfather maria asked
wind rain howled island tearing palm leaf roof house fiercely waves threw shores early morning maria woke storm sun shining maria crept house tiptoe disturb maria beach found house garden blanca pinto storm washed maria thought heart break ran beach looking calling lost friends maria knew sea maria turned home help slowly beach storm uprooted tree maria sat smooth trunk thought thought sat looking sea suddenly maria jumped mind maria help maria ran beach found stick drew fast sand frowning rubbed drawn foot drew maria finished stood looking picture shook head added looked gave nod
orchestra played assemblies meetings players chosen city orchestra didn play wanted play school orchestra wanted play shiny brown violin alberto arms short hands small draw bow hold strings tight young carmela thought talk miss music teacher stopped music room peeked door orchestra practicing crept door lovely shiver tiptoed spine violins sang pure sweet pretended playing violin closed eyes took step closer crash bang stumbled percussion section drums bounced cymbals flew clattered miss lowered baton stopped playing looked asked miss sister explained carmela wants play orchestra want play asked miss violin whispered bit young violinist violin difficult instrument need drummer try asked miss yes played drum orchestra fun wasn singing melody beautiful violin
husband thinks hereabouts asked stranger voice showed thought wife planning wished wife voice showed thought stranger suddenly grew ten feet inches tall straw colored hair brushed roof beam wife surprised didn show smiled trick thinking wisely growing big easy flowers grow shrinking matter don suppose shrink shrink cried stranger mean voice shrank size squirrel wife chuckled picked held arm length bad trick agreed shrink small fit thimble suppose snapped shrank size fly farmer wife saw popped thimble let called tiny voice don think think wait husband comes home says sat thumb held firmly thimble opening waited
minnie maloney small girl big sister molly told secret person buys boxes macaroni protect bad luck minnie grew remembered sister advice family ate macaroni give macaroni giveaway happy minnie husband murray ridiculous shouted saw grocery bill afford buy macaroni eat bad luck minnie reply murray heaving hopeless sigh minnie buying macaroni murray nonsense don care bad luck don stop buying macaroni move iceland hermit minnie want promised stop buying macaroni didn stop worrying happen awful happen happened nervousness tripped curb broke heel shoe dropped grocery bag picked groceries hobbled home favorite television program terrible exclaimed awful thing happen murray yard tripped bag groceries minnie left doorway
kingdom ruled king fat called king chubby fond food couldn bear eating hobby began big breakfast clock light snack ten large lunch twelve exercised watching tennis players exercise hungry ate small snack afternoon sandwiches evening happily sat royal banquet evening king table eating important affected fell love duchess kingdom told look eat roast pig needless say duchess spoke love eating trouble ways losing royal cooks couldn telling improve cooking insisted making dish royal cooks proud resented cooks left job evening king entered banquet hall saw sandwich plate knew happened sighed number left
morning willy early flower garden willy beautiful garden worked real hard hot summer help flowers grow tall bloom full bright planned fair hopes earn prize ribbon found night big dog dug deep holes buried big bones middle bed mums quick say chrysanthemums dog invited dug strong stems broken bright buds squashed willy simply furious dog cried rest family busy pay attention certainly dog pay attention liked home anna corner store took money saving weeks buy baseball catcher mitt big dog invited store gobbled big box gobbled big box chocolate cherries gobbled big box jelly beans gobbled big box galloped store bigger
boy jay lived father mother farmhouse hollow house jay hills hills stood kitchen doorway hills swung gate front house climbed apple tree house hills woods covered hills corn grew green hill farther jay cows ate grass pasture afternoon spring summer fall jay pasture drive cows home afternoon late summer set sundown eating slice buttered bread walked lane side hill dust feet felt soft warm spread toes watched dust squirt walked forward turned walked backward walked looked footprints dust hickory tree grew lane branches shaded hillside nuts grew leaves stick jay knocked nut low branch picked nut smelled tight green hull enclosed smell tingled nose smell frost jay put nut pocket creek flowed lane foot hill
monday jay ready school early bye cricket looked cricket going jay mother late bus jay bye mother bye cricket started road steps turned hurried room stood looking cricket jay called mother quickly jay emptied pocket piled table indian arrowhead hickory nuts beans jay pocket jay tucked cricket ran road mailbox jay waited yellow school bus stopped driver opened door jay climbed sat window front bus bus filled boys girls talked laughed chee chee inside jay dark pocket cricket began fiddling talking stopped listened chee chee chee fiddled cricket jay cupped hand pocket quiet cricket maybe taking cricket teacher boy bus laughed jay cupped hand harder pocket chee chee chee fiddled cricket maybe towhead front cricket boy bus bus looked jay jay crowded window pressed hand hard pocket looked straight ahead
walking street led water houses set sidewalk patch green front built yellow brick interspersed red wasn pretty harriet thought maybe liked houses plain red brick york ole golly walking faster looking sterner looked wished abruptly turned sidewalk leading house strode relentlessly steps looking saying word sport harriet wide eyed steps front door front hall door lost mind harriet thought sport looked raised eyebrows saw ole golly heading small private house sat garden apartment house harriet sport stood knowing house house country kind harriet saw water mill summer unpainted front soft gray driftwood roof darker gray chickens let hot cup tea ole golly suddenly gay waved funny rotting porch harriet sport ran house stopped cold front door opened loud swish suddenly largest woman harriet seen lookahere coming bellowed lil rascals fat face crinkled large cheerful lumps mouth split show toothless grin
harriet stared mrs golly horror ole golly saying things wouldn mrs golly mad mrs golly sat looking contentedly harriet thought harriet forgets turn head told try sport harriet spoke sport quickly effort change subject sport took sip bad weakly try sport ole golly mind harriet looked curiously ole golly acting strangely angry angry sad harriet realized start seen ole golly look sad known ole golly sad thinking thing ole golly suddenly shook head sat straight brightly think tea sights think home extraordinary thing happened mrs golly leaped fat feet threw teacup floor re leaving re leaving screamed mother ole golly calmly mrs golly hopped middle floor giant doll harriet think balloons blown bounce end string sport giggled suddenly harriet felt giggling wasn sure
morning mrs welsch asked wouldn try ham sandwich egg salad peanut butter mother looked quizzically harriet cook stood table looking enraged tomato harriet looking book reading breakfast stop reading table harriet put book listen harriet tomato sandwich school don tired cream cheese olive harriet shook head cook threw arm despair roast beef cucumber tomato mrs welsch raised shoulders looked helplessly cook cook grimaced ways cook firmly left room mrs welsch took sip coffee looking forward school welsch put paper looked daughter school harriet hated welsch paper dear say things liked eleven mrs welsch looked harriet expecting answer harriet didn felt school drink milk mrs welsch harriet waited mother matter thirsty feel comfortable mother remind drank milk wiped mouth sedately table ole golly room kitchen
headed harrison withers house liked look intended caught health department forever trying catch cats harrison withers crafty doorbell rang looked window ringing bell wore hat let health department wore hats harrison withers didn wore hat harriet climbed steps top floor rooming house flight led roof look skylight place paint worn sure couldn seen inside peered remembered planned watch supermarket lived kidneys cats cats milling skylight sunlight flooded room caught glints tools tiny shining minarets topped cages harriet liked look room cages beautiful soaring things room harrison withers happy harriet liked watch admired patience allowed sit bent hours twisting minuscule wires ridiculously small connections luck harrison withers coming door big shopping bag
lab complex frightened harriet looked admitted janie consisted rows rows shelves filled bottles filled suspicious fluids looking turn hyde drank janie understood wouldn explain called asked maids wouldn janie room ago learn clean harriet stood staring equipment janie rushed boiling furiously bunsen burner fiddled turned lower turned harriet thoughtfully flopped bed mean yes couldn misunderstood janie smile dropped eyes boring harriet shivers run harriet leave course thing janie thought harriet moment hesitation dancing school wait buddy re going heard mother talking mother heard pasteur going dancing school madame curie einstein janie spit names harriet couldn think spies dancing school
school harriet home cake milk remembered thursday thursday ole golly night running steps kitchen struck thought interesting stop steps ole golly boy friend night wouldn meet boy friend meet boy friend couldn harriet follow looked extraordinary thought decided extra careful terribly crafty find ole golly spending free evening ole golly places night clubs harriet wouldn able follow question wait hari instance boy friend house pick ole golly harriet looked decided pursue clattered rest kitchen ole golly tea cook put cake milk harriet slipped place table ole golly friendly manner harriet looking ole golly ole golly boy friend harriet liked sport
mother distracted didn notice rude behavior didn say harriet rushed room steps thought harriet nuts going happen ole golly realized hide steps hear proceeded immediately leaning banister watched mother bounding steps seen thought harriet thought phrase heard mother outlandish behavior outlandish behavior harriet sat head poked uprights banister ole golly father discussing situation whispered gestures stopped abruptly mrs welsch dove scene hope arrived mrs welsch voice peculiar tremble certainly hope don think want re going addressed welsch answered blank look mrs welsch smiling terribly ingratiating manner don mrs welsch rudely darling welsch wife put arm miss golly tell mrs welsch mouth open held hand attention
ole golly lived thing ole golly thought harriet didn say aware felt house harriet looked ole golly room stood vacant silent yellow door open harriet walked standing threshold looked neat emptiness neat ole golly flowers ole golly managed sprig alive room big flowered quilt harriet bounced ole golly took quilt harriet thought turned ran room minute thought cry bathroom washed face thought crying ole golly wasn coming crying wouldn bring sat read love read thought bigger ole golly proposed felt twinge stomach phooey thought going cry anyway front door slammed bang harriet knew father home home bang harriet rushed banging door room thumped steps jumping hard running ran smack father
miss berry screeching frantically miss dodge measuring fast looked fly window hairpins falling glasses askew whipped waist waist hip hip miss berry leotards looked baggy sport looked wildly terrified look girls began edge pinky whitehead boy purple socks harriet grabbed collar stay suppose happens partners pushed face close began sweat nervously stayed children sixth grade miss gesturing frantically marion hawthorne looked pompously didn move instantly laboring impression miss harriet imperiously harriet sudden vision marion grown decided wouldn look bit taller pinched boy tee sport digging hands pockets sneakers floor move simon miss spoke sharply sport jumped mile simon harriet jane moved stand wait turn miss berry don want talking din place unbearable awful marion hawthorne falsetto
jeff sat boys exactly age companions playmates lives jeff member big family young school lonely james pemberton boat jim jeff wading haven seen jim knew jeff talking haven mister jeff looked aunt serena cabin night bed look jeff stood trying cottonwoods morning haven looked week jim carefully closed knife put piece wood pocket stood hope find soon jeff getting mighty tired waiting boys walked big yard past stables woods minutes stopped clump graceful trees jeff looking branches try gully give cottonwoods boys walked woods soon hill side gully ditch deep jeff tall jeff tall age
mister jeff mister jeff jeff turned bed opened eyes slowly bending james pemberton jeff knew jim tell looking jim knew exciting eyes shining grin wider usual jim happened asked jeff look christmas eve helping hide presents happened jeff tumbling bed spoke began pull clothes exciting going happen certainly didn want miss minute jim grinned happened mister jeff brought hot water wash hurry don want late breakfast jim poured steaming hot water big copper kettle white china pitcher jeff night stand took mister isaac hot water sure didn morning grinning jim bedroom door jeff hear whistling downstairs kettle kitchen wonder special morning jeff gave kind washing mother called lick promise racing steps whoa won able stop till hit front lane rate young
jeff summer flew james pemberton spent hours rip pony jeff brush rip jim papa gave don brushing pretty guess bit heard anna tell brush hair hundred strokes night shiny guess brush rip hair hundred strokes boys didn mind brushing rip loved taking care riding august morning mrs davis making cake kitchen saw jeff jim riding kitchen window jeff lived horse summer anna sifting flour cake mother creamed butter sugar think eat sleep eat sleep rip mamma smiling afraid miss rip days school anna thoughtfully mrs davis sure school won rip part stopped beating butter sugar mixture hand eggs yes ma anna moving egg basket thinking jeff starting school
travelers moved closer kentucky jeff rider fine young horseman longer tired hours saddle jeff howie learned beds party camped help build fire help jim henry load unload mules major told wife boys seasoned travelers morning major re getting close nashville hermitage soon hermitage general andrew jackson plantation howie explained jeff glad anxious general jackson joseph benjamin samuel talked home war papa fought battle orleans howie proudly general jackson hero party riding growth beautiful trees house trees major announced cried jeff moment later hear music major smiled general playing flute mrs jackson playing spinet minutes later riders dismounted large log house negro servant white coat opened door suddenly music stopped tall lean shock red hair quickly room major tall exclaimed thrusting hand rushed forward
jeff told night supper youngest boy school liked hated jeff sorry leave friends eager start home night dreamed rosemont steamboats rip school mixed early morning jeff charles set going town built falls ohio steamboats mississippi river ohio river travelers drew town noticed road crowded goodness jeff looks going surely lots road charles stop miles livery stable jeff rented horses livery stable jeff livery stable looks stable charles rent kinds horses carriages moments later riders stable jeff ready dismount hitch horse post charles rode stable jeff jeff gave horse began look saddles charles paid jeff let jeff charles walked sunshine started streets wharves streets going river remarked jeff guess want steamboat charles
jeff captain deck passengers crew standing rail spoke jeff complimented courage patted rail join watching preparations move steamboat edge sandbar jeff watched crew members brought poles move sailors passengers moved room sailors rail captain shouted orders speaking trumpet waved spyglass passenger standing jeff turned neighbor think middle atlantic ocean laughed replied captain real sea going sailor younger days forgotten experiences crew members started push sandbar poles going move boat captain called poles maybe re farther sandbar captain thought jeff crew members appeared poles minutes poles sprouted side boat poles look porcupine bristles thought jeff count push captain shouted lowered speaking trumpet took deep breath raised mouth
air cool early soon sun climbed higher sky bright scorching rays beat workers backs bent pick cotton place sacks jeff worked hard soon tired started tired end previous tried let tired gritting teeth worked worked felt stopped couldn remember morning evening quit glad end jeff thought wearily trudged home rest loud stretched full length tree lay ready start plantation house decided important hard tell papa thought harder face shaw school pick cotton jeff picked walked slowly road sleep supper table thought talk papa soon home davis ridden fields short sitting porch rocking resting
jeff elected united states house representatives leaving care faithful james pemberton jeff varina washington scarcely settled nation capital war broke united states mexico patriotic young congressman felt needed defend country resigned congress took command regiment mississippi volunteers colonel jeff davis fought valiantly war serving friend father law zachary taylor jeff rough ready soldiers called general taylor heroes war battle buena vista mexican soldiers greatly outnumbered americans battle jeff wounded foot shattered wouldn leave hours stayed horse led soldiers enemy mexican army retreated colonel jeff allow help horse weak loss blood wound caused pain happy battle won mississippi welcomed colonel jeff home war hero talked bravery daring battlefield jeff davis saved general taylor colonel davis courage leadership battle lost echoed mississippi proud jeff davis
small group southern senators gathered room capital greatly excited angry gentlemen federal government respected rights true treated unfairly laws tend favor northern states thing pounded table fist leave union let rash gentlemen warned tall handsome jefferson davis try understand north point view senator davis try northerners understand position sides argument easy say senator replied hard endure wrongs action senator spoke ago american colonists felt mistreated government britain colonists withdrew british empire formed united states america today south feel abused feel leave union establish government agree sir senator davis kindly warn north recognize secession remind american colonies forced fight independence
ow pulls howled julia ward help nurse jane brush hair re prancing room pulling roots let mother wailed julia covering hair hands replied nurse re going bother mother needs rest nearly mother comb hair don care pull gently re late miss julia gently saw bridget mother breakfast tray minutes ago stand maybe julia obeyed hair silk nurse brushed tangled mother cut despair wrong color anyway red wrong color asked julia surprised idea stylish daughter wouldn matter re samuel ward daughter eldest daughter difference older ward eldest daughter marry knight earl prince red hair suitable princess nurse jane brushed fast talked red curl pulled straight tight clock stairs struck
bridget mary hurried room didn want laugh front nurse jane stayed shame cried young lady bragged front boys knowing marion supposed sewing pick basket put finished gathering putting place sit chair start lesson nurse jane left room julia picked set basket table laid scissors top picked opened closed nice snick closed snipped nick lock hair fell face tried scissors nice noise clipped nurse jane cutting hair minutes later floor julia feet covered silky red hair stood footstool mirror dear look thought ink bridget table maybe hair black look pour bottle head heard nurse jane coming took look think hide decided
summer mother wasn mrs ward needs change dr francis family physician home suppose trip hudson river suggested ward bert drive slowly let real journey mrs ward buffalo niagara falls coach doctor write sister lizzy want julia look clothes company julia merchants bring samples cloth seamstresses busy need clothes mother sat began list father laughed settled told doctor re going niagara falls exciting going minute ward house city house closed summer grandma cutler uncle ben charge family mrs ward saw packing things country aunt lizzy arrived piles luggage mother began choose patterns goods plan dresses hats sewing room overflowed seamstresses took upstairs sitting room rolls silk satin covered chairs tables
getting close spring cold frozen outdoors julia knew signs indoors aunt lizzy grandma uncle ben bridget marking sheets aunt lizzy making lists grandma cutler packing things country morning julia drawing room practice music lesson grandma aunt lizzy mother looking curtains foolish buy grandma saying re aunt lizzy red velvet makes house dark mother shuts light grandma looked chairs sofas matter furniture won added aunt lizzy mother sighed dark heavy downstairs want change bit mind start shopping today aunt lizzy won country mother saw julia run tell william tell bert bring coach door half hour julia shopping julia asked yes mother ready wear blue dress julia hurried room wondering mother curtains bought maybe let children attic look real theater
boys putting games wish summer started henry hate think going school sighed sam wish school julia sam learn lot home lots boys girls girls don regular school learn read sew dance wouldn don girls regular school learn things boys learn julia sitting hands lap watching boys talked coach waiting bridget coming julia things packed think answered julia mind going school bridget julia packed thing books lay table night dress stepped yesterday play clothes draped backs chairs miss julia ward cried bridget thought packed julia surprised mess room bridget shook head wondered smart julia things stupid helped julia pack hurried coach didn family drove city house soon julia forgotten furniture william opened front door
early morning daylight julia sure heard bumping thumping noise stairs heard hall opened door peeked saw bert william carrying bags boxes attic stairs talking downstairs aunt lizzy shouted julia ran boys rooms aunt lizzy cried news children flew downstairs hug aunt children aunt lizzy stay told guessed luggage piled hallway landing steps re glad lonesome cried things cheerful certainly try aunt lizzy heartily moment dr francis stepped father room head stairs children children whispered quiet father ill julia sat aunt lizzy trunks wonder house jolly noisy father ill finally downstairs didn laugh play mrs ward died wasn cross didn scold quiet sad children allowed play noisy games house quiet sunday afternoon father changed sam
julia studied hours children taught care quarrel practice music lessons sammy took nap afternoon julia caller hours won julia romana mother half hour glad play caller pleased wait julia romana took parlor sat piano played melody struck wrong note julia romana didn notice mother upstairs sharp julia romana called visitor looked startled thought mother julia romana finished study hours nearly strange mother tell note miss matter piece knows exact note wrong florence tried lots times visitor eyes popping mean say mother studies find julia romana didn answer mother mrs howe didn recognize caller cried miss miss dried lady rich leader social affairs york boston fashionable affairs miss
panic quickly hours hours julia friends reached washington stop let troops waited julia sang pass sang john brown body lies grave popular marching song soldiers passed waved shouted liked beautiful woman glorious voice stirring tune julia friends wish write words wished julia replied dark howes reached city roads saw campfires soldiers julia thought babies safe home mothers boys longed tired reached hotel straight bed late night awoke street heard tread marching feet soldiers going tune sung evening ran mind suddenly words began sing lay song ended felt stump pencil seen table sheet husband writing paper didn strike light times poems form lay awake night order wake children write lines dark
julia busy nearly fifty passed wrote battle hymn sat home enjoyed famous julia couldn satisfied kind thing war states organize woman club able working war wouldn thing meeting peacetime problems let form club lot talk woman club women home neglect children husbands start going clubs thought neglected homes war julia met want meet month ahead idea wasn saying want ask woman club women clubs started country children grown married julia things home joined woman suffrage movement talked favor woman vote homely strong minded women want vote happy wives mothers interested saw heard julia changed minds julia desired peace want country want
closer grass thinned saw beast ten yards jaguar lean hungry paused stalking nose wind horror cliff wanted yell help couldn sound jaguar gathered hind quarters spring growling roar challenge ripped air cliff whirled face danger jaguar streaked motion bounding brush meet sprang roaring black panther claws outstretched cats clashed bounded speed arrow jaguar drove caught panther sideways ripped flesh sprawling shriek teeth bared kill panther rolled free screaming pain rage cliff thin black beast hunger driven challenge jaguar panther mad hunger attack jaguar meal thought meal cliff shudder panther sprang clear reared pounce quick flash jaguar panther soft belly tearing flesh claws panther tumbled fell managed quick snap jaws sink teeth leg jaguar
spots tunnel scarcely wide shoulders hunched cliff breathed gasps lacking space fill lungs short breaths feel smothered place exhale flatten felt snake trying slither ant tunnel spot slabs rock held vise squeezing ahead inches room tunnel cliff felt touched leg alive hoarse cry deadened tomb tunnel feel weight beast legs pulse pounded shivered edge panic beast crawling trying squeeze past straining breathe cliff swung flashlight looked shoulder eye eye chimp chimp grabbed cliff hair yanked jerking boy head side shock cliff felt neck snap monkey tried force head shoving hard chimp scrambled forward wedging cliff hairy body stone wall moment jammed unable move chimp thrust forward cliff pulled
cliff smiled spotted raft shallows needed fishing figured large net knife fish heads climbed aboard pushed net hanging side tangled cliff grabbed hold wet mesh raft pulled heavy heavier thought wound end wrist reaching water firm hold net pulled net alive cords tore strange looking saw huge surfaced splashing wildly tried free web netting split dived cliff bigger felt strength pull wrist yanked raft tied dropping anchor net slack moment cliff clawed mesh wrist loose net snapped tight arm jerked shoulder shot surface raged tangled net zigzagged doubling raft gleam knife raft caught cliff eye reach grab pulled twisting wild effort free clinging net
learning things language express thoughts important listening important skill listen appreciate person says hear voice understand words listening carefully speaker finished won speaks person spoken listen learn listener listen definite purpose listen facts learn track conversation discussion entertained situations listen active mind miss fourth situation listen relaxed mind enjoy hear help listeners speaking clearly pleasant voice record short paragraph school tape recorder play listen carefully easy listen try improve speaking habits classmates listeners game help find divide class groups ten students leader group write item school news slip paper whisper news member group person turn tell student hear news announce message changed
saturday morning dennis bobby carrying large pail headed creek told mother bring home grapes jelly soon reached place creek grape vines heavy fruit picked grapes industriously minutes bobby saw vine hung invitingly bank grasped firmly hands began swing higher higher suddenly hands slipped fell splash creek wasn hurt startled wet hurried home bobby cold walked mother asked pails jelly ken told story dennis bobby rules storytelling chose story listeners enjoy knew story told events order happened told story interesting tell things belong story stopped talking finished story beginning sentence listeners want hear rest story ending talked ken stood quietly comfortable position spoke clearly distinctly loudly listeners hear looked directly audience talked choose story interesting class
thing europeans learn sea important learn greece located water highway rich markets east asians told learned lesson easy pleasant learn south greece mediterranean island crete highly skilled seamen warriors lived island bragged wide part mediterranean sea aegean sea boast remained unchallenged greek settlers interested waterway highly developed culture crete influence later greek peoples lived mycenae called mycenaeans mycenaeans rich powerful success making oils perfumed today call bath oil known oil traders king oil merchant general chief think obtained oil sold mycenaean civilization wiped palaces destroyed kings killed driven enslaved hundred greece call dark age greece heard art writing lost communication lost skill art crafts forgotten
athenians lived simply houses stories sparsely simply furnished typical wealthy citizen began early working folded piece white wool linen cloth pinned shoulders tied sash waist dressed breakfast drank cup wine mixed hot water honey ate dry barley cake citizen ready set marketplace stop likely barbers getting hair combed beard trimmed caught latest news gossip walk market purchase groceries job athenian citizen guests dinner bought garlands flowers guests citizen began business walked side streets covered porches attended government business morning assembly wasn session citizens involved performing civic duties assembly met ten days citizen involved days rope red paint swept marketplace hurry arriving assembly red paint mark clothing fined lunchtime citizen business ended
greeks think art separate daily beauty ruins ancient greek buildings source wonder visitors today proves art beauty part greek nature statues vases created greeks thousands ago prized possessions museums greek plays written century performed today famous poet pindar wrote poems praise athletes sculptor statue woman bending tie sandal performing simplest daily tasks woman carrying jug water driving chariot chosen subjects sculptures let imagine athens greece century temple parthenon built honor goddess athena city named suppose knew athens fact athenians named city athena goddess wisdom lead think nature athenians daily lives interests pericles statesman soldier ruler athens peace working athens beautiful city greece pericles tried hard temple parthenon beautiful building athens
dynasties chou set patterns affect china twentieth century philosophies confucianism legalists influenced patterns ch han dynasties century middle kingdom chaos states war ch powerful ch leaders strong control smaller states ch lived northwestern part middle kingdom seen barbarians wandering uncivilized fought horseback clumsy war chariots middle kingdom fighting ch saw fighting horseback effective fighting chariot began fight horseback fighting techniques strong government enabled ch conquer states middle kingdom chou dynasty ch dynasty begun ch victory strong leader result combined efforts talented language modern politics ch system won similarities differences rise power chou dynasty ch dynasty ch leaders want feudal system strong united middle kingdom strong central government
period historians refer middle ages period change word medieval comes latin words mean middle ages middle ages medieval period considered period roman empire declining beginning modern times christ born europe part historians call roman empire empire controlled city rome height power rome controlled area map page types lived empire probable existence farmers shepherds christians jews believed idols gods forests farmlands citizens roman empire spoke languages lands today vast roman empire held effectively region empire laws applied region outposts roman soldiers guarded lands enemies areas towns built roman soldiers towns soldiers reconstructed buildings fashion rome brought ways city language latin food clothing
twelfth century complication arose relationship kings france french nobles surprisingly strongest landowners france king england wife beautiful woman named eleanor aquitaine divorced king france marrying king england owned huge tracts french territory france controlled english early thirteenth century king philip ii capetian dynasty defeated english series major battles philip ii took english held lands north loire river crusade took major areas southern france royal lands larger noble landowners philip strengthened kingdom ways royal agents collected taxes held trials nobles began power areas differed nobles appeal king gradually period feudal system began change loyalties replaced ways warfare decreased roads safe need protection lord dependent king protection justice fairer lord alike kingdom towns grew stronger dependent nobles
nineteenth century gave twentieth century political reforms began british india indian national congress founded scotsman living india aim increase understanding british indians successful fact indian political party moslem hindu members members party spoke strongly british rule british oppression indians began gaining independence britain indians voice affairs control agriculture education public health control departments held real power country departments finance taxation controlled british political power indians achieve independence getting power held wealth power india british think indians felt power british left india left called mahatma gandhi show mohandas gandhi later called mahatma soul born northwest india grew lawyer south africa horrified treatment indians settled decided stay help
early hunter food gatherer roamed hunters search food family alive eventually learned cultivate plants domesticate animals enabled live permanent villages lead migratory existence areas plants grew animals thrived farmer cultivate family needed person produce needs called surplus grow food surplus support part specialists adept making fishnets furniture natural spring villages grew larger grew villagers began develop elaborate ways worship farming communicating times places villages grew small cities cities dependent agricultural surplus cities dependent specialists cities civilization began writing developed cities sumer ancient middle east knew write agricultural records record pleas gods notes scientific experiments explorations concentrate speciality farmers city walls worked provided food textile fibers scribes priests kings lived cities cities grew independently middle east china india africa area call latin america
visitor coming calcutta airport pass outskirts city strike sight crowds sky poured rain dressed rags homes room huts unbaked brick cardboard sort scraps squashed dwellings called shelters fit inside families electricity water toilets drains windows completely dark surrounded garbage waste children play women beg try sell things stalls thirds calcutta million live homes inside city streets gutters alleyways space call home children born lives lived death comes street small workshops homes families live appears desolate tiny houses clean tidy clean tidy water premium garbage disposal irregular open sewers large parts calcutta wash drink untreated water cholera common richer pleasant areas splendid buildings built british line wide boulevards
carl worked father potato farm school spent lot end street playing ball close friends boys average athletes played grade high school formed nucleus bridgehampton high winning basketball baseball squads thirty boys entire school small student body produce strong teams sandlot games carl heard acting sports announcer broadcasting move loud voice plays ted williams stan musial leading respective leagues carl heroes carl left handed batters pitchers musial polish carl friends played league ball organized bridgehampton league moved babe ruth competition coached carl father babe ruth game east hampton fifteen carl pitched babe ruth team gave runs later high school hit game bridgehampton routed east hampton lopsided score school vacations young carl began town teams bridgehampton white eagles lake cardinals
changed outlook reflected improved attitudes players play large part making red sox biggest sports story coming season jim tall handed pitcher pitch sinking fast ball played winter ball venezuela worked hard improve breaking pitch carl assured traded chicago rumored graduation merrimack preceding june freed winter started personal program conditioning gain greater strength endurance carl thinks weight lifting mistake ball players enlarges muscles movement restricted enrolled health club run hungarian coached national soccer team soccer fast rough sport played protective equipment substitutions athletes speed stamina health club director astounded carl poor condition hungary quoted saying foot pound slugger setting strenuous body building schedule hour half november march spring training started carl soccer exercises strengthen legs swung lead bat build arms squeezed rubber ball tighten grip punched light bag quicken reflexes pushups skipped rope pulleys
outstanding player series cardinal pitcher bob gibson won games yankees scheduled pitch game boston jim pitched dramatic pennant winning game season sunday rest gibson wednesday williams decided start jose santiago gibson blazing fast series opened jammed fenway park santiago cardinals boston pitcher trouble inning solid red sox defense redbirds scoring surprise homer santiago later inning tied score cardinal left fielder lou brock singled times afternoon tie series record hit single fourth inning julian brock hit sharp grounder past short carl charged ball infielder turn headed home attempt break tie carl threw strike directly catcher mitt cut retire side inning carl sparkling defensive play curt flood cracked high liner left ball looked extra base hit carl leaped high air running top speed backhanded ball
donald born january ohio father born hungary nursery foreman don father quit job fishing business money fine high school player land scholarship big football college returning war ii veterans entered john carroll jesuit school cleveland herb carroll coach ran offense cleveland browns starting dynasty paul brown brown college carroll games played blocks home don ninth draft choice ahead rookies says knew brown system later defensive traded baltimore player deal don remained colts season sold washington redskins quit accept job assistant coach university virginia moved university kentucky detroit lions remained season don big opportunity named head coach baltimore colts known producer lion defense recommended carroll colt owner don
red smith dislikes participating sport strenuous fishing decades stood sports millions american readers noted walter wellesley smith born green bay wisconsin september red hair earned nickname brick later red stuck college days smith attended university notre dame south bend indiana recalls notable athletic achievement place mile race ran experience claims fanned interest spectator sports majoring journalism notre dame smith edited college yearbook covered baseball defunct st louis star graduating smith worked milwaukee sentinel later st louis star star smith remembers fired sports department advanced vacancies task cover night football game washington university st louis wrote account game point view indignant superior candlepower floodlights originality piece won instant recognition editors readers alike smith stayed star moving east philadelphia record signed column later joined staff famous sports editor stanley woodward york herald tribune
samuel jackson born hot springs virginia poor boy foothills virginia caddy wealthy resort town hot springs caddy sam allowed play nearby hole course tree branches golf clubs soon began improve later sam ran errands cleaned clubs helped caddie master resort hotel sam developed finest golf swings game golf instructor white sulphur springs west virginia turned pro joined pro tour scored victory rookie oakland california open superb golf game earned nickname sam showed dedication atlantic city club match play finale opponent jim corporal james army sam appeared especially unusual straw hat linen servicemen fort dix home base determined win crowd servicemen jostled shoved feet yelled blew whistles started swing sam let bother drive rough kicked ball fairway find ball pipe bottle move
athletes spent military service returned star pro football roger exceptions quarterback dallas cowboys exceptional person field private strong arm quick release winged feet asset dallas team cowboys fresh navy rookie likelihood rookie action coach tom told master pro system play don meredith cowboys regular quarterback announced retirement craig morton backed meredith seasons moved number slot pre season game morton injured roger starter pro career launched blaze glory opening game st louis roger appeared confident veteran experience played completed passes yards yard touchdown play quarterback raced score contest beginning season started games cowboys lost st louis roger running ability carried dallas super bowl season completed passes rout miami provide dallas national football league nfl title
born february los california charles stearns grew water father liked water sports soon bought boat chuck water skiing competitor actually recalls chuck compete nature compete school competed top grades took skiing beach lot gang kids compete kids toughest gang leader competition stearns began amazing string triumphs national tournaments winning boy title lakeland florida competition missed repeating national champ la indiana skied division won san diego california calloway gardens georgia young competitor talent began show nationals minneapolis minnesota stearns took firsts slalom jumping tricks sweep title stearns took crown competition stearns getting older getting nationals austin texas stearns favored win events
maurice top draft choice national basketball association rochester royals later cincinnati team regarded basketball player future big strong quick agile capable shooting accuracy smaller stokes possessed strength timing fine rebounding forward stokes wasted proving ability quickly established game greats leading league rebounding average tenth point game league high set bob led league total rebounds averaged game stokes maurice scored average points game named rookie stokes set rebounding mark average game maurice scored average points game team moved cincinnati stokes paced royals rebounding points game dropped league bill russell bob scored average points game leading assist league maurice stokes basketball career founded triumph apparently headed greatness ended abruptly tragedy late winter stuck encephalitis disease affecting nervous system
ways dick tiger story fable tortoise hare slow start tiger rose top fighter sturdy son nigerian chicken farmer won middleweight championship age tiger took light heavyweight crown left speedier boxers devastating physically tiger imposing squat square stood feet inches tall carried proud bearing african king famous boxing matchmaker tiger honest heart willing hands height weight age heart inside ring accepted bad fortune dignity admired true gentleman tiger manager jersey jones times born august remote village rain forests southeast nigeria dick tiger children poor farming family members ibo tribe real richard family moved city lagos nigeria richard completed eighth grade working salesman age taught box british soldiers soon began compete amateur custom boxers adopt names
december tiger risked title joey split pair fights clever philadelphian clearly dick sending nigeria champion soon october recaptured title victory april tiger looked emile griffith lose title decision ninth round short put tiger canvas career moved light heavyweight division whipping jose torres december middleweight champion move pound title bob turn century tried sugar ray robinson succeed tiger age problems managed beat torres return match win roger rouse title bout mind matters nigeria torn civil war tiger sympathies financial support ibos biafra ibos revolt central government revolt destined fail tiger flew biafra served lieutenant army morale officer lived constant fear safety wife abigail children business interests government territory source worry
athletes sport fit pattern lives america decathlon champions alike typical jim thorpe early jim bob mathias milt campbell johnson spotted round talents early age mathias campbell champions teenagers sports thorpe mathias campbell star football players johnson basketball player bill tried track team cut sports baseball basketball track star college begin training decathlon age retired trophies mantle turned pursuits ways bill greatest decathlon performer retired recorded highest decathlon scores total points won olympic championship older earned title greatest athlete set record later william born philadelphia pennsylvania january love basketball overweight slow feet
families live families community play communities large small community families need help fun goods cloth grow food cut wood need services bringing mail service cutting hair service services live goods services money working place park want fun swim skate look pictures pictures map map symbols symbols stand real things stand real places map key want worship worship play want learn learn books learn school learn learn picture shows part part inside white line shown map find united states map united states communities find canada fort frances community canada communities parts roads houses kinds buildings look pictures learn fort frances
real enthusiasm seen jane show months quickly luggage rack foot bed valise lay open started taking crisp summer dresses hanging tall wardrobe filled corner room rod high hopped small step contrivance stood position wardrobe door grandmother prepared known rod high reach emily jane room emily father sister died ago twelve yes think recall hearing mother speak forgotten sad died young suppose jane cool impersonality children knew louisa dresses leave rest later wrinkle soon thank jane door hall flash heard feet thudding carpeted stairs moment later screen door slammed saw running yard sun shining dark braids straight arrow large bright reflecting ball stood stone pedestal exact center garden smiled remembered amusingly distorted images silver globes
soft summer days flowed letters martin arrived regularly thing broke unchanging rhythm routine room read private promised open eagerly martin handwriting large sprawly felt thick rewarding letter turned lines scattered pages lines poetry feel special reading beauty hair eyes rose tipped hands flattering say letters miss longed home hear light voice saying sweet things decipher written page answering letters difficult mine generally rambling accounts uneventful days spiced mention latest trip library progress plants garden written deal jane doubted martin interested fact happier months lowering wall built making open experiences willing warm friendly child parents died sense suppose making vulnerable easily hurt frightened quiet lynn household hurt frighten
general table conversation sunday night supper upstairs tray quickly discovered doctor mrs traveled abroad massachusetts began comparing impressions places things seen discussing doors named ghiberti called lion dr frost look politely expectant expression intelligent contribution smile meal smile fixed boredom crept began feel lumpish gradually drifted soothing thoughts martin unprepared mrs directed remark women social political union think louisa giving women vote embarrassed admit listening talk thought women rights feel blushing tried desperately reply suppose women vote stammered wouldn voting women intelligent don believe women vote intelligently dr frost think vote emotionally
emily silver ball stand gazing periods ten believe tried hair thought unbecoming told piqued ran garden stood window watching saw reflecting ball stand staring moment stepped raising hands pushed ball pedestal stone surrounded smashed course thousands pieces emily running house room locking open door father home upstairs let asked ball told incident looked saw face wasn ugly face insisted face looked ball surely distortion round objects give course father tried explain emily part looking reflecting ball ugly faces wanted ball course permitted look
voice thoughtful doctor louisa medicine science suppose think scientist fact fancy doctor seen die knowledge told recover seen reverse happen watched expected breath drew wife hospital sat bed holding hands let talking softly murmuring held hands tightly white stayed night told rest call refused leave die let doctor going let die pulse faint barely find respiration nonexistent knew live wife leaned closer called called let hands dark hours morning opened eyes looked don let won light outdoors pulse firm breathing normal sleeping adam beautiful
snatched dress closet put head pulling place angry tugs fastened belt jane room let braids silently rose floor stood draw brush hair feel rougher burst going ask grandmother silly ball put jane hair jerked brush turned looked louisa emily special ball forgive took took shoulders held tightly leaning jane couldn care emily care dead understand dead spoiled undisciplined unkind girl lived longer lives reflecting ball garden difference jane eyes held mine true louisa true ball belongs emily dreadful move promise won promise going upset constantly thing going ask moved tears sprang eyes
bed lay awake dark hours plain emily easily dismissed simple call odd episodes imagination fancy coincidence liked happened intense happen lynn emily home emily jane jane catalyst saw emily reflecting ball wall dim glow shone hand drew pictures wrote verse pansies jane attached importance white dress ruined told adult outgrown childish superstition child dead hurt jane child change adam felt marrying told things lay staring wide eyed dark room knew believe emily existed spiteful determined selfish dangerous friday morning rain fell lead colored sky quenching beauty garden pansies darkening small prowled house wishing stop delay adam return knew going say bred chiming formal french clock parlor
saturday forever adam stayed hour face grim mind entirely jane notice took glad called extra pillow jane raised slightly ease effort breathing called alcohol bathed cool cloths burning forehead cracked ice moisten mouth slipped spoonfuls medicine lips wiped drops spilled katie ran errands mrs move side bed looked adam face pale pneumonia asked yes deal worry mrs asked question adam care comfortable watch morning early noontime adam took hand led hall louisa hospital early afternoon going happen pneumonia follows pattern point jane won reach point days
dark rain drenched night heard jane mention emily thought gave sign bed week expected milford labor rosy bright healthy ready school leave taking mrs katie wistful feared plans visiting thanksgiving christmas adam driving milford offered bring mrs occasion addition agreed lynn fall bringing jane staying mrs morning shortly jane left lynn awoke busy thumping bumping hall brisk voices mrs katie breakfast find front porch stacked boxes bags parcels going asked mrs decided wise clean attic gracious things gathering dust want ridiculous charity truck picking morning mean re throwing lovely dresses toys books things
happened london late brilliant young doctor henry jekyll gave speech hundreds fellow scientists students listened jekyll london full fog cut brains limited sight science curious bold look wonders human brain look soul audience murmured believe evil separate called evil fulfill trouble experiments find chemicals power speech ended dr jekyll bowed applause hurried hospital care poor woman trip late party evening loved muriel carew party father henry muriel hoped able marry soon general carew wanted wait insisted henry agree fury party walked home friend passed shabby street heard screams jekyll hurried noise found pretty blonde woman struggling rough looking jekyll moved hauled woman yelled hit blast dirty mug
ivy cool hyde drank champagne noticed expensive clothes ugly money ivy poor want hyde told ivy want ivy resist hyde promised nice clothes jewels told loved give nice place stay live real lady ivy believed found evil truth hyde late human monster beat evil thousand ways cat tortures mouse plans kill ivy wanted escape hyde frightened month power mild dr henry jekyll appeared chemical changed normal lab wrote note ivy enclosed large sum money servant deliver note henry visited muriel ill told sickness soul played dangerous knowledge walked strange terrible road help find muriel promised help married love heal evening henry jekyll full joy visitor ivy pierson
greatest mad scientist movies invisible based written wells story began snowy england village inn face heavily bandaged dark goggles covered eyes want room fire told innkeeper inn customers stared upstairs home days boxes arrived stranger worked room turned chemical laboratory innkeeper villagers began worry think criminal call constable woman village policeman called small group villagers stranger room forced bandaged angry want show took dark goggles souvenir removed false nose eaten exclaimed horrified policeman stranger ripped false hair began unwind bandages covered head head easy re clever stranger villagers stared turned stone headless took coat shirt tie pants underwear body underneath chemicals mixed voice stranger
morning sun sparkled gold ripples gentle sea mile shore fishing boat chummed water word breakfast flock flashed air till crowd thousand seagulls dodge fight bits food busy beginning boat shore jonathan livingston seagull practicing hundred feet sky lowered webbed feet lifted beak strained hold painful hard twisting curve wings curve meant fly slowly slowed wind whisper face ocean stood beneath narrowed eyes fierce concentration held breath forced single inch curve feathers ruffled stalled fell seagulls falter stall stall air disgrace dishonor jonathan livingston seagull unashamed stretching wings trembling hard curve slowing slowing stalling ordinary bird gulls don bother learn simplest facts flight shore food gulls flying matters eating gull eating mattered flight jonathan livingston seagull loved fly kind thinking found popular birds
climb thousand feet full power straight ahead push flapping vertical dive left wing stalled roll violently left stall wing recovering flick fire wild tumbling spin couldn careful ten times tried ten times passed seventy miles hour burst churning mass feathers control crashing water key thought dripping wet hold wings high speeds flap fifty hold wings thousand feet tried rolling dive beak straight wings full stable moment passed fifty miles hour took tremendous strength worked ten seconds blurred ninety miles hour jonathan set speed record seagulls victory short lived instant began pullout instant changed angle wings snapped terrible uncontrolled disaster ninety miles hour hit dynamite jonathan seagull exploded midair smashed brick hard sea dark floated moonlight surface ocean wings ragged bars lead weight failure heavier wished feebly weight drag gently bottom end
sunup jonathan gull practicing thousand feet fishing boats specks flat blue water breakfast flock faint cloud dust motes circling alive trembling slightly delight proud fear control ceremony hugged extended short angled plunged directly sea passed thousand feet reached terminal velocity wind solid beating wall sound move faster flying straight hundred fourteen miles hour swallowed knowing wings unfolded speed blown million tiny shreds seagull speed power speed joy speed pure beauty began pullout thousand feet thudding blurring gigantic wind boat crowd gulls tilting growing meteor fast directly path couldn stop didn turn speed collision instant death shut eyes happened morning sunrise jonathan livingston seagull fired directly center breakfast flock ticking hundred twelve miles hour eyes closed roaring shriek wind feathers gull fortune smiled killed pulled beak straight sky scorching hundred sixty miles hour
heaven thought smile respectful analyze heaven moment flies enter earth clouds close formation brilliant gulls saw body growing bright true young jonathan seagull lived golden eyes outer form changed felt seagull body flew flown half effort thought speed performance days earth feathers glowed brilliant white wings smooth perfect sheets polished silver began delightedly learn press power wings hundred fifty miles hour felt nearing level flight maximum speed hundred seventy thought flying fast fly faintly disappointed limit body faster level flight record limit effort crack heaven thought limits clouds broke escorts called happy landings jonathan vanished thin air flying sea jagged shoreline seagulls working updrafts cliffs
days jonathan saw learn flight place difference gulls thought thought important thing living reach touch perfection loved fly magnificent birds spent hour hour practicing flight testing advanced aeronautics jonathan forgot place flock lived eyes tightly shut joy flight wings means end finding fighting food moment remembered remembered morning instructor rested beach session folded wing snap rolls sullivan asked silently home easy telepathy gulls thousands thousands gulls sullivan shook head answer jonathan pretty million bird slowly exactly forgetting caring headed living moment
evening gulls night flying stood sand thinking jonathan took courage hand walked elder gull soon moving chiang nervously seagull looked kindly yes son age elder empowered gull flock learned skills gradually coming chiang heaven elder smiled moonlight learning jonathan seagull happens going place heaven jonathan place heaven place heaven perfect silent moment fast flier enjoy speed jonathan aback proud elder noticed begin touch heaven jonathan moment touch perfect speed flying thousand miles hour million flying speed light number limit perfection limits perfect speed son warning chiang vanished appeared water edge fifty feet flicker instant vanished stood jonathan shoulder
month later jonathan return flock re ready henry calvin gull re welcome re outcast force re welcome re free wish jonathan answered lifted sand turned east home grounds flock anguish students law flock outcast returns law broken ten thousand law stay jonathan mile water waited longer reach hostile flock don obey law re part flock fletcher consciously fight lot help flew west morning double diamond formation overlapping flock council beach hundred thirty miles hour jonathan lead fletcher smoothly wing henry calvin struggling gamely left formation rolled slowly bird level inverted level wind whipping squawks everyday flock cut formation giant knife thousand gull eyes watched single blink
saying flock son gull fletcher told jonathan morning advanced speed practice thousand ahead jonathan sighed price misunderstood thought call devil call god think fletch ahead silence kind flying learned wanted discover re ahead fashion maybe ahead gulls fly jonathan rolling glide inverted half bad ahead happened week later fletcher demonstrating elements high speed flying class students pulled dive thousand feet gray streak firing inches beach young bird flight glided directly path calling mother tenth avoid youngster fletcher seagull snapped hard left hundred miles hour cliff solid granite rock giant hard door burst fear shock black hit adrift strange strange sky forgetting remembering forgetting afraid sad sorry terribly sorry
morning flock forgotten insanity fletcher jonathan remember ago loving flock return help learn sure don understand manage love mob birds tried kill fletch don love don love hatred evil course practice real gull help mean love fun knack remember fierce young bird instance fletcher seagull outcast ready fight flock death getting start building bitter hell cliffs today building heaven leading flock direction fletcher turned instructor moment fright eye leading mean leading re instructor couldn leave couldn don think flocks fletchers need instructor light jon plain seagull re son gull suppose jonathan sighed looked sea don need longer need finding real unlimited fletcher seagull instructor need understand practice
susan anthony helped organize national american woman suffrage association suffrage means vote organization purpose soon women called suffragettes feminine suffix added women miss anthony traveled country thousands speeches send petitions demanding action elected officials petition formal written request signed efforts successful gradually began recognize women fairly treated susan anthony fourteen women walked voting place election district vote national election told politely leave women refused voting vote president united states susan anthony wins election president vote want fifteen women marked ballots put box days later susan anthony arrested trial miss anthony spoke judge according constitution person deprived equal rights law women equal rights fine judge pay susan anthony stormed courtroom woman judge judge agree susan anthony
olivia hamilton art show gallery interesting seen strongly urge drop gallery east tenth street unusual experience ms hamilton filled large garden magnificent gray marble art walk look actually enter walk interesting experience inside smooth marble marvel touch round shapes ms hamilton known painter woman art show happy say carving marble sculpture painting ago greeks told stories story told hades god underworld queen persephone hades home ground drove horses green flowery land saw beautiful young woman persephone daughter demeter goddess harvest hades immediately loved queen persephone refused hades begged finally lifted put carriage took palace underworld persephone unhappy hades let leave
greek story tells sculpture supposedly young woman sitting night dinner engaged married wedding place young soldier war sat talking night say bye young woman saw shadow wall sat table drew line shadow left took clay filled outline according greek story sculpture greek artists worked hard paintings real lifelike artists named famous making pictures looked unbelievably real artist thought let contest painted picture basket fruit certainly look real warm spring window open birds flew window began pick painted fruit sure won contest walked look painting let painted put hand curtain covering painting pulled pulled budge curtain painted fooled birds
tom grew big strong boy freckles red hair nose turned end hands feet large awkward rider friends raced horses swimming river hunting woods tom friend boy named dabney carr dabney horse fast tom slow tom bet dabney beat horse race february dabney knew horse run faster tom glad race days february dabney thought racing tom days later march dabney saw tom played trick beat tom february tom won bet night indian chief dinner tom listened father talk tom liked indians proud handsome tom father died tom head family boy rich owned lot land owned slaves owned cows pigs horses tom going school leave school wanted father tell
tom finished college decided lawyer days lawyer weeks tom wanted lawyer virginia worked morning clock wake put feet cold water night studied past midnight felt lawyer things law tom studied history science geography learned read write languages tom fun played violin danced girls williamsburg riding swimming pond tom friends friends named patrick henry henry poor lawyer burgess tom talked things thing worried taxes thought king george making americans pay taxes taxes kinds things food iron rum piece paper lawyer tax stamp henry stood house burgesses spoke king george called king tyrant tyrant cruel ruler tyrants killed burgesses afraid king angry
jefferson lawyer country lawyer rode miles hills helped poor asked poor pay tom jefferson decided wanted burgess friends country voted won election youngest house burgesses jefferson williamsburg met burgesses rich farmer famous soldier named george washington burgesses letter king wanted england stop taxing america colonies wanted laws taxes king george told governor dissolve house burgesses meant burgesses elected elected jefferson busy working lawyer building house jefferson house hill called monticello wanted finest house colonies planned sorts things house doors opened elevators carry food floor drew plans big clock stand hall run days winding hall arrow
july jefferson patsy arrived boston ship called ceres waiting board morning france jefferson found france trouble french king government rich country poor king helping jefferson europe looked things send home plants trees animals birds books books young friend named james madison madison virginia working delegates pass laws jefferson written delegates agreed pass jefferson laws religion laws religious taxes worship god laws called statute virginia religious freedom jefferson wrote young friend james monroe working james madison constitution united states constitution set government america jefferson wanted help jefferson french friends wanted help thought american government lafayette thought french government copy july jefferson gave party lafayette happy night worked plan
march jefferson set room city washington ride carriage walked path ran swamp shoes covered mud capitol building jefferson swore uphold laws country president united states jefferson presidents big parties fancy clothes found playing grandchildren floor think president easy going english ambassador important call jefferson met wearing suit slippers ambassador angry thought american president dress meet americans thought jefferson liked easy ways president jefferson bigger things worry north africa lot pirates called tripoli pirates america paying leave american ships pirates asking money jefferson grew angry moved fast send money warships fight pirates jefferson knew america fight wars thought important thing learning learn america west america wild jefferson wanted learn
thomas jefferson called sage monticello sage wise lived seen things happy sad knows asking thomas jefferson advice letters friend james madison wrote fourth president united states james monroe president thought jefferson teacher wrote john adams closest friends died jefferson busier early mornings ride miles charlottesville building college university virginia jefferson spent working university friends president madison president monroe helped plans buildings gardens told builders brick stone wood needed europe find teachers wanted university america slowly college buildings grew charlottesville porch watched telescope college finished jefferson friends students
mendoza stared country lay east north spot finger rested vast blank space loosely sketched mark showed river mountain range village city single word unknown turned door thought leaving learned wished stood stared calm sea white surf hills rolled east closed door leaned looking hard lantern burns late seldom encounter answered sun help hours deck pale boy age move sit chart half night seventeen eighteen fifteen sir presume city salamanca country scholars pale red eyes reading ink stained fingers truly difficult believe fellows stout sword horsemen restless ready looked chart island finished shows passing hand blank space answered skirted coast north river guidance discovered venture inland
cibola heard times aboard ship talk city mexico seville town spoke cities houses fashioned gold streets paved street street tales meant making maps thing thought thing thought sat table wore ship bore northward straining blocks play dolphins mind wandered hour unaccountable mistakes took suppertime correct night ship quiet lantern swung gently map going door opened captain mendoza slipped quietly cabin hot night muffled chin supper bribed cook greedy fellow brought lamb shank folds cape drew larded bone thanked sudden hungry closing door turned look shoulder map progresses half eastward ocean remains blank remain fear
waves grew smaller night taking turns bailing slept longboat dry dawn sea calm early light surveyed storm damage thought maps instruments carefully wrapped left san pedro bags flour flour wet relief roll safe uninjured sea water swords daggers found beginning rust mendoza cloaks small sack trinkets brought barter indians oar sail blown blast wind grievous loss driven afar mendoza looking instruments held lap maker maps impossible tell noon reading sun guess ten leagues coast leagues height mountains coast explaining proven round horizon lowered half league wait hear head coast gave orders stitching sail sail makeshift blankets sewed served catch wind
leaders passed pointed horseman yellow doublet cupped hands shouted hola captain mendoza mounted sat erect holding aloft banner brought spain carried river guidance village yellow unicorn field green hola shouted mendoza glanced saw stood shoulder deep brush pulled horse sweep hand waved scrambled slid reach bottom hill army passed mendoza spurring horse circles restless ship travel women called pace leave valley tomorrow buy horses ride looked musicians shouted play dutifully beat drum blew flute zia father francisco fell captain mendoza leading marched forward regular army overtook stragglers woman riding mule boy seated zia whispered senora husband page coronado thinks army belongs speaks speaks husband listens dumb
whisper hundred pressed possess wash basins gold hidden seen bathe wash river gold common poor eat gold plates nobles king wooden plates wood rare set tongues wagging finished hobbled home ruined city began recount stories heard adding marveled hear willingness believe tale heard dealt gold indians lied night camped ruins place thriving city filled treasure question truth words captain mendoza campfires burned low summoned zia carrying torch led ruins red house room room climbing piles rubbish rotted timber narrow halls rats scurried dark places things night squeaked fluttered room smelled smoke corner cavelike dwelling dug floor partly roofed brush
country lay red house named uninhabited chosen vast wilderness desert plain land fierce end coronado captain cardenas trusted officers ahead explore give warning dangers word messenger found reports encounter knowing food scarce found save cactus apples beans bush tightened belts reduced rations horses suffered end week began die grew gaunt sickened mendoza animals fared ordered torres gather grass blue moved ahead night plenty foal actually gained weight zia search tender roots young shoots cactus stored bag fed foal camp horses died coronado desperation commanded riding dismount walk fourteenth july river ran cold clear crossed rafts suddenly country heavy timber grass castile
chieftain presence gold city reason mendoza believed decided journey river asked cliffs torres river asked city return answered find city red house fight father francisco gathering things trees mendoza led scarlet cliffs light hung cliffs retreated light died darkness gathered trees halt night small wind sprang smelled pines bushes open spaces horse pricked ears head column mendoza suddenly neighed warning sound fear chilled blood brought halt sprang ground held reins fighting heavy spanish bit neighed father francisco hobbled past darkness leaving horse flat place rock ledge sky lighter earth saw francisco standing arms outstretched chasm cried abyss bigger half
cleft wider outstretched arms sides towered straight sky black raven wing coursed swift stream flowed river black gleaming stones stream path worn feet path took inside cleft found half darkness giant ferns grew stream dripped water cold mist wet faces stone path slippery underfoot soon defile narrowed closed heads find touching dank walls stream thundered scrambled utter darkness abruptly sunlight lay vast meadow league breadth width enclosed sides high rock enclosed river wandered stream banks grew cottonwood willow ripening berries brown grass stretched placid lake broken islets grazing deer mountain sheep speechless stared peaceful lay paradise father francisco looked mendoza lies city pointed blue cloud distant field smoke mendoza house hut set fired deer foraging nearby raised heads looked curiously bring mendoza
found fire burning camp pairs boots set dry opened hand looked nugget seen dawn color subdued sun thing glittered shone carefully wrapped piece cloth cut bigger chestnut pure gold weigh twenty laid nugget bottom small pouch paints put mind spread materials stone thinking start map planned began thoughts returning stream gold seen picked pieces lying sandy bottom large hidden pouch progress decided small simpler map abyss river location wait slow shape give zia grove threw side chief father francisco talked left stopping spoke speak
moto begins engines howl dig dirt riders jockey madly surge forward starting line poor job getting mark try force pack front runners hit turn hit word motorcycles slam high banked earth tilted sideways riders dragging steel soled boot dirt explodes air bikes look re control bounce sharp banked turns riders seek fine edge control disaster turn high speed ahead mob win motocross race riders tough turn crash racer rest pick bikes going course twists countryside bikes whiz short steep rise thin air crunch solid ground whoop looms ahead motorcycles soar wild blue yonder drivers tilt wheels hot shoes comes steep hill charge flat top gear beware curve top mud hole gravel curve eat rocks comes section washboard track needs kidneys riders stringing experts separated rookies lucky riders lucky
weary riders wheel shiny machines pits motorcycles abused badly able enter moto mechanics try shape tired riders grab rest soon race motorcycles human bodies pushed pounded punished riders looked sharp heat begin droop skill luck ride endurance brings victory motocross race motocross racing rugged exciting motor sports thrilling racers fans motocross origin english motorcycle pastime called scrambles type cross country free race war ii french bikers organized races called motocross motocross racing took europe storm large countries small national teams competed grand prix circuit races attracted huge crowds fans late motocross racing america caught quickly known american motocross racing strictly amateurs course set wasteland marked hay bales tires motos heats short needed race strong lightweight motorcycle knobby tires pull dirt mud cycle tough suspension system falling hit bumps
beginning young pro mere privateer means beginner sponsors rider pays equipment entry fees travel expenses privateer expensive business fact trip poorhouse catch eye sponsor sponsor company builds equipment pay part pro rider expenses young pro hopes earn factory ride means rider hopes hired big motorcycle companies team racer team racers drive ultra works bikes prototypes kinds goodies stock motorcycles company top pro racers lead busy travel country national trans ama circuit race indoor events series indoor events scored differently outdoor qualifiers semi finals consolation race finals individual scoring insures rider finishes winner outdoor rules rider place finishes win points stadium racing exciting part motocross dirt track jumps bumps hills built floor seats arena stadium racing offers big prizes glory wanting motocross star race grand prix circuit
think let tomorrow called carter woody left tap sitting steps waiting woody ride home waiting tapping steps tap school band tapping things practiced friends called tap saw woody tap tapping carter want woody carter say carter want woody want today say beat want hear thanks woody walked bumble bee tap hit woody walked bumble bee looking hot rod picked dirt hot rod woody started engine sounded working maybe let show bumble bee woody drove street help boys girls want hot rods wheels summer wheels summer asked tap talking carter wanted woody maybe tell think
yes woody looking lot power taking hills ride friend buck wins lots motorcycle races wins races rider motorcycle woody buck eats lettuce lettuce going try buck roared buck trying beat woody boy motorcycle put put put put woody looked coming street put put put put motorcycle stopped front woody house driver goggles helmet woody tell asked driver getting motorcycle woody looked driver sounded cathy carl couldn woody worked weeks school helping cathy learn drive car pass driving test afraid drive talk asked driver cathy asked woody yes cathy taking goggles helmet gloves motorcycle woody walking look thought afraid drive
woody lot ride didn ask mother money motorcycle fixed pay soon money worked motorcycle maybe fixed week woody paper route bicycle cathy tap took turns coming help woody sands give week motorcycle fixed tap cathy help woody ready parts times took days part needed morning paper routes woody cathy early today motorcycle ready want cathy tap woody took hot dogs eat looked motorcycle called hot rod bumble bee want call motorcycle doodle bug cathy write bug cathy worked hot dog woody ride motorcycle paper route
boys raced motorcycles hill big jump highest part hill woody wheel hit rock motorcycle air woody dirt motorcycle rocks tap let motorcycle fall saw happened ran woody cathy boys drove woody called cathy yes woody getting doodle bug front tire tap race woody big rock woody put motorcycle look look wheel cathy cracked woody look part hill put motorcycle scramble don motorcycle ride maybe fix cathy going sands house asked woody wheel maybe sands bring pickup motorcycle cathy call sands house looked
started parts things need race buck riding fast didn didn tell stay race today woody yes woody anyway ride track buck carrots helped buck drove talk working motorcycles going tell rider cathy woody carrots eat buck beats win woody don want carrots want hot dog track practice sands woody took motorcycles track woody afraid ride doodle bug fast engine sounded started faster woody tried hills jumps turns working soon call clear track race woody sands drove race races sands race call starter riders race drove places engines going flag riders took roar throwing dirt high air
woody tried times front triumph turn woody gave doodle bug gas sliding motorcycle ride started track riders front woody woody triumph doodle bug hill jump hill water motorcycles water going hill wheel sliding woody able pass hill woody triumph wheel riders passed starting line flag buck rider big front woody didn think pass took track riders hill jump starting line woody raced fast woody buck buck stopped motorcycle saw buck sit track put head didn buck hurt woody didn think buck
takes daredevil driver win road racing event takes experienced team mechanics helpers smart manager manager supervises machine plots strategy driver race reach highest speed road racing bike rider crouches chin gas tank keeps body close motorcycle frame cuts wind resistance increases speed road racing fast exciting dangerous accidents occur winding turns bales hay stacked corners cushion spills track workers ready cover gas oil slicks track dangerous rider sits wants body serve air brake wants view track corner turn handlebars called clip ons help streamline road racer keeping rider hands inside cycle fiberglass body drag racing motorcycles highly tuned type motorcycle burn high powered fuels alcohol plain gasoline drag racing strips quarter mile engines race seconds riders burn pulling starting line rider races engine quickly engages clutch crew member holds rear cycle tire spins heats aids traction grip tires road
types dirt track competition popular indoor arenas short track racing held dirt oval tourist trophy racing winding course left turns hill jump tourist trophy racing requires lot skill drivers shift gears brakes tight turns motorcycle races won starting line experienced rider makes final check strong wind track wet dry slow fast riding heat answers questions ready green starting flag tracks half mile mile level jumps cycles race tracks called flat track machines ago cycles equipped brakes drivers slowed corners sliding bike sideways soft dirt flat track driver wears steel shoe left foot strong tempered alloy smooth bottom rider left leg balance prop slides left turn left turns typical half mile mile courses mile tracks rider tucks ducks road racer miler speeding miles hour throws bike sideways turn
championship endurance race international days trial motorcycles start minute race set course pass checkpoints lose precious points bikes light strong smaller engines touring bikes engines tuned power low speed bikes low center gravity high ground clearance clear obstacles rocks logs high bumps moto cross race run circular course natural terrain jumps gullies hills sand water cliffs left race parts lasts minutes real action takes place end race moto cross racing rugged football hockey lot faster spill miles hour rugged ground result bumps bruises broken bones drivers wear shoulder pads helmets face guards shin pads wheels ground engine working riders soar gullies ditches tires touching trail keeping rear wheel grounded delivers power takes power cross finish line desert racing popular forms motorcycle competition desert races draw hundreds riders rugged events colorful names hare hound smoke bomb racing hare scrambles
beth ellen knocked grandmother door sharp voice door walked saw grandmother propped mass pillows susie maid standing bed looking pale hello darling sit grandmother giving smile turning maid beth ellen sat chaise question grandmother continued susie want simply want understood happen beth ellen looked strange sound grandmother voice mrs hansen voice unusually soft today sounded brittle clipped hard face cold susie looked frightened mrs hansen turned beth ellen susie left room dear beach yes beth ellen simply looked floor knew talk grandmother wanted sparkle say lot things interest look gasp beth ellen wit sophistication overcome shyness timidity powerful turned mind dough looking floor beth ellen realized grandmother thinking fact looking window angry expression
beth ellen whispered hungry harriet putting finger lips shush heard awful grinding gears racing motor run driveway standing plummeted white scorched stop foot stood enveloped immediately cloud dust door slammed enormous woman leapt driver seat kangaroo hopped dust move looky driveway shouted cheerfully slammed fat hand heads immobilized rolled eyes round laughing face hands arms red face neck mass covered freckles sweat harriet looked carefully wore called basic black dress hugged expressively hung rivulets hem short sleeves oddly gathered hung folds huge rolls freckled arms didn ordinary amount teeth harriet stared fascinated mountain shivered shook issued cackle spring thunder ask lord provide chickens want jessie mae slammed door magnolia norman charging front
bikes sun hot rode slowly harriet yes spying harriet exasperated began shout going writer write don going looking think re nice going catch note leaver spurt energy enthusiasm shot ahead bike harriet thought beth ellen harriet pumped doggedly trying harriet falling bit thought going writer worked paper school thought liked don think beth ellen looking uncomfortable writing itchy sweater don write bunny re hooked writing bunny writing bunny love don want write want marry beth ellen harriet ridiculous thing heard re eleven twelve twelve eleven harriet looked furious beth ellen waited harriet finally forget birthdays remember yes beth ellen simply fell reverie birthday party
beth ellen shook head glad conversation shifted mother mother kind person answer grandmother began talk vital woman mother startlingly beautiful vibrant exciting woman turn roomful intelligent babbling idiots seconds entering mind volatile takes unknown leaps curious bypaths wallace suspect path mrs hansen looking window beth ellen room father course matter stern immensely likable fellow word fact morning left packed bag left forever beth ellen liked father sort mother wild wild wild strange extravagant person admired things avoided nervous high strung horse beth ellen saw horse big white picture hat sure grandmother looked doubtfully beth ellen word admire sure mrs hansen smiled eyes twinkled reassuringly beth ellen wasn sure kind mother sounded danced lot
think going harriet yelled beth ellen irritation disappeared inside gotten key disappeared building harriet jessie mae sat silence jessie mae fanned turned suddenly looked harriet say speak sharply friend friend harriet appalled jessie mae looking fanning rapidly feel book says honor father mother personally think honor friends harriet stunned silence sat longer noise swish swish jessie mae fan harriet thinking rapidly finally jessie mae preacher jessie mae easy specially woman studying harriet live named preacher goes place talks knows lot things mean negro lives woods harriet amazed preacher familiar sight water mill knows lot things jessie mae fanning furiously things harriet completely fascinated knows book backwards forwards reads starting genesis going
spoke jenkins house jessie mae rode fast harriet tried beth ellen filled dark thoughts want talk riding bike cool air forget garage think scene grandmother began turn mind phrase think think word mother pulled front house thought mother rode driveway harriet hurry beth ellen wait streaked jessie mae beth ellen hurried hurrying harriet feel curiously liberated child harriet gave feeling things liked harriet matter fact principal feeling felt harriet continually jarred end driveway scorched stop front curious scene corridor formed immense pile watermelons lining sides driveway open garage end mama jenkins taking space witches face glowing red ball sweat dripping black dress stood stirring enormous boiling vat stood base raging fire erupting issued pungent altogether unpleasant harsh smell smashed faces gust smoke pot
watched walking sand top dune norman carrying towels jessie mae huge picnic basket mama jenkins carried magnolia struggled weight large green rubber dinosaur hey harriet yelled ran sand finally heard mama jenkins stopped rock finally underneath dune look harriet yelled don sit cooler water mama jenkins looked laughed hi jessie mae norman scowled magnolia giggled let mama jessie mae mama jenkins chuckled launched dune wore black dress wear didn stop descending avalanche sand bottom dune knocked harriet landed harriet jumped avoid hit rest mother chicken spot asked mama jenkins harriet thinking janie kill led struggling sand janie beth ellen watching progress open mouths reckon cooler mama jenkins plopping janie gave agonized look buried book
end waved bye took harriet house soon rolling fast hill led harriet cottage foot hill sat bay zoomed hitting rocks driveway beth ellen sure fall face didn stopped rolled bikes janie stood looking minute congregation swan lake late afternoon light engaged civic meeting look janie big front leader follow mmmm harriet caring whit beth ellen thinking leader looked bit harriet deck welsch lying looked sound sleep deck chair wearing trunks holding newspaper stomach mrs welsch sitting air mattress putting suntan oil mother sun harriet loud voice woke father put afterward hi janie hi beth ellen grandmother fine stay hi darling kiss mrs welsch smiled pretty smile harriet leaned kissed cheek smelled suntan oil suddenly felt grateful grateful wasn beth ellen strange mother arriving janie sarcastic mother jessie mae aberration mother mama jenkins
mean mean laugh religion seriously think religion respected thinking course trap haven thought follow religion thinking shouldn laugh pity getting confusing father talk clearly beginning longer confusing meant suppose instance thought religion depend re thinking mean fanatic frankly don cotton fanatics description tend think end justifies means seen fanatic didn think stupid welsch appeared getting heated ends goes remains means don understand don causing trouble today talking thought harriet decided ignore read bible asked certainly fascinating book want grow writer book read
saw girl river steadied bucket head hands bucket small dimple thumb knuckle round girl red cheeks nose friendly button eyes looked thinking ten thousand funny stories clambered road walked ahead wrestler jolly don tickle fat girl regret wrestler breath sure squeak laugh laugh drops bucket funnier run fill carry home tiptoed poked lightly ribs huge finger fine ticklish sound japanese girl gave satisfying squeal giggled brought arm wrestler hand caught body ho ho ho caught move wrestler laughing jolly girl felt tempered joke started pull hand free tried strength let girl powerful
evening wrestled grandmother mother agreed grandmother feeble likely injure accidentally hoped exercise lady rheumatism grew stronger stronger aware grandmother throw easily air catch changing sweet smile forgot valley greatest wrestlers japan called forever mountain legs logs pillars big hands hard stones cracked knuckles sound trees splitting cold night exercise wrestlers japan raising foot high ground bringing crash nearby villages looked winter sky told late thunder soon pull tree grandmother throw small distance evening end month wrestled grandmother held half minute heh heh chortled smiling wrinkle believed squealed joy threw arms gently afraid cracking ribs
thing tommy annika open eyes widest monkey sitting strange girl shoulder monkey dressed blue pants yellow jacket white straw hat pippi walked street foot sidewalk gutter tommy annika watched walking backward didn want turn home reached tommy annika gate stopped children looked silence tommy spoke walk backward walk backward pippi free country person walk wants matter let tell egypt walks thinks bit strange asked tommy egypt egypt thing sure seen things stranger walking backward wonder walking hands farthest india lying tommy pippi thought moment re sadly lying wicked lie annika gathered courage speak
mike fink raft fight bears head settler saw fight bears mike head settler champion fighter mississippi river won fight al stop thrashing tail settlers cross river settle west west settled champion fighter mississippi river mike fink half horse half wildcat fight al tie tail thrash storms west settled mike fink whooped indian jumped higher trees cracked heels hundred twenty times hard fight mike ready steamboat mississippi river fight thing mike ready fight al mike fink fought steamboat fought days nights steamboat gave upriver ready mike fink fight al west settled mike fink al al saw coming knew mike fink champion fighter mississippi river al wanted trouble mike fink
bellowed bull roared lion cracked heels hundred eighty times pulled tree roots jumped river henry al al saw coming reached river bottom al raised tail hit mike fink henry top heads rammed mud rammed bottom river half mile heads mike fink whooped indian squalled wildcat bellowed buffalo bellowed hard blew mud henry mike henry bound heads hit al stomach al pinwheel mike fink fought wahoo crossing clean fought catfish point fought days nights al grew weaker mike fink grew stronger fourth mike fink bent al tail tied tight mike thrash tail stir storms mike fink tell settlers cross river settle west al saw settlers start cross river tried stir storm
ago grew william wealthy lost property poor left home orleans live sullivan island charleston south carolina island sea sand miles point wider quarter mile separated mainland small creek oozes reeds slime island western point fort stands covered thickly shrubs eastern lonely end island built small hut living soon friends found educated unusual powers mind moody books rarely liked hunt fish saunter beach looking shells fine collection lived black called jupiter family servant leave young master poor sunset middle october scrambled shrubs hut friend visited weeks home charleston miles island means travel present
jupiter body seen leaves beetle dropped lowest leaves hung shining gold rays setting sun let fallen feet took sickle cleared space yards spot stood told jupiter let string tree beetle fell ground spot lay drove peg ground took pocket tape measure fastened end side tree trunk nearest peg unrolled tape reached peg unrolled line set points tree peg distance fifty feet drove peg cleared circle feet taking spade giving jupiter begged join digging speak truth dig weary journey night coming wishes fear bringing outburst sure jupiter aid tried force start home knew servant hope obey master
death head parchment sketch beetle remembered turning search cleanest spot death head course seen moment saw death head felt faint glimmer truth put parchment jupiter asleep set think matter recalled parchment found beetle coast mainland short distance high water mark bitten took hold causing let drop looking leaf kind hold found looked scrap paper lying half buried sand corner sticking jupiter picked beetle home met lieutenant showed beetle asked fort agreed put pocket holding parchment looked insect throwing thrust pocket purely habit thought handed parchment saw death head put links chain
letter asked care search minister house knowing things warned let minister matter put hands police making search paris police thing yes easy search unknown minister home night keeps number servants sleep distance master rooms keys open door paris past months searched minister house times fact honor depends solving problem secret reward offered searched house led believe thief cunning found letter clearly letter house carries pocket waylaid robbers searched orders spared trouble dupin minister altogether fool thought danger altogether fool poet thing fool
expect believe write madman expect mad surely dream tomorrow die give story plainly frankly writing story everyday events try explain deeds later person wiser calm story tell usual chain events leading outcome childhood noted gentleness kindness playmates laugh tenderhearted loved animals parents let pets spent pets feeding looking married early happy find wife liking pets birds goldfish fine dog rabbits small monkey cat cat beautiful large black knowing wife caused believe story black cats witches disguise pluto cat pet playmate fed house hard streets friendship lasted general nature changing worse change due blush say strong drink
household errand cellar house poverty drove live cat steep stairs getting feet nearly threw headlong roused madness wrath forgot dread hitherto killing beast raising ax aimed blow animal fatal wife caught arm stop act threw rage demon tore arm grasp buried ax brain fell dead spot groan awful murder set thoughtful care task hiding body knew house night risk seen neighbors plans mind thought cutting corpse small bits burning digging grave floor cellar throwing yard packing box getting porter house hit plan wall cellar walls cellar lately covered rough plaster dampness place drying hard
days bitter grief change friend moved room room hurried unequal steps paler brightness eyes quaver trembling terror marked speech felt mind struggling courage give secret bore times believed strange manner wanderings madman saw sit hours gaze vacant closely listening sound hear wonder condition terrified felt creeping slow degrees wild influence fantastic superstitions night seventh eighth placing lady madeline tomb sleep hour hour dark curtains swayed fitfully breath rising storm rustled walls gradually frame fell tremor heart weighed alarm shaking gasp struggle lifted pillows peered deep darkness room listening low unknown sounds pauses storm rose threw clothes felt sleep night tried overcome fear pacing fro room
sick sick death agony unbound allowed sit felt senses leaving awful words dread sentence death words meaning reached ears voices court inquiry dreamy meaningless hum soon heard saw lips black robed judges horrible exaggeration white whiter paper write words thin thin grim firmness judges pity torture saw words fate coming lips saw form awful words saw shape speak shuddered heard sound saw moments wild horror soft waving black curtains covered walls vision fell tall candles table white slender angels save deadly sickness candles ghosts heads flame help stole fancy rich musical note thought sweet rest grave moment figures judges vanished magic
saw clearly doom prepared doom escaped timely accident fall step fall seen choice death sudden death dropping pit slower horrible death suffering nerves trembled sound voice shaking limb groped wall perish risk terrors wells imagination pictured dungeon mind courage end misery plunge pits weakling coward forget heard court punishments sudden death part horrible plans excitement fear awake hours length slumbered arousing found side loaf pitcher water felt burning thirst drank water pausing drugged scarcely drunk drowsy deep sleep fell sleep death lasted course
tiny hummingbird flyer birds hummingbird capable flying straight air flying backwards moving wings rapidly remain spot air hummingbird wingspread barely inches average tiny birds whiz air swiftly sixty miles hour hummingbirds travel fast shown migrations hummingbirds annually united states central south america hummingbird unique abilities flying advantage locates honeysuckle vine flies straight stands air front flower directs bill blossom deep cup moving slowly bird flies forward bill penetrates flower cup bottom drinking nectar finds hummingbird performs unique feat extracts bill deep flower flying backwards normal body temperature fully grown person measures degrees fahrenheit thermometer body temperature vary point variations small change body temperature ten degrees death regulation body temperature delicate continuous process warm blooded animals temperature automatically uniform normal conditions
wondered twelve inches foot feet yard feet mile measures hard remember simpler system say ten inches foot ten feet yard fact simpler plan simpler plan civilized countries english speaking peoples countries british commonwealth metric system started french principal unit system meter meter inches longer yard smaller measures meter based multiples ten decimeter tenth meter centimeter tenth decimeter hundredth meter similarly larger measures based multiples ten ten meters ten adopt system meters centimeters yards inches scientists gypsy wanderers unwritten history dates hundreds gypsies written records early history definitely known known romany language gypsies originated india probable home gypsies country
stagecoach winding lonely road conversation passengers centered bandits active road case robbery young lady foolishly carry money thousand dollar bank note concealed robbers able find put shoe inside stocking moments later stagecoach attacked highwaymen demanded travelers purses unhappy found declared found hundred dollars search passengers torture ready carry threats sitting quietly coach find amount lady shoes stockings robbers advice found bank note departed money hoped travelers cried reproached insulted threatened throw coach topping outcry young lady wails grief unmoved insults think evening coach arrived town quickly quietly disappeared ahead passengers young lady passed restless night inn
laughing eyes indian princess loved young braves laughing eyes liked laughing eyes father chief liked chief wish force daughter marry devised plan wrote messages chief north brave carry message brave return reply marry laughing eyes test difficult deep snow covered ground laughing eyes afraid lose race stronger night laughing eyes dreamed saw ducks walking top snow birds sank pondered meaning dream morning scattered food birds saw webbing ducks toes helped stay top snow laughing eyes roll soft deerskin pliable strips ash cut thongs skins bent strip wood frame fastened ends wood firmly laced thongs side frame laughing eyes fashioned strange looking shoes evening recounted dream showed shoes promise shoes try days young set snow
magnesium strongest wonderful metals known peculiarly light properly combined metals strong durable lightness durability strength valuable qualities substance qualities valuable metal cubic foot steel weighs hundred ninety pounds cubic foot aluminum lightest metals weighs hundred seventy pounds cubic foot magnesium weighs hundred twelve pounds combined metals magnesium making airplanes magnesium powdered form highly flammable exposed air fact burns nearly quickly gasoline bombs signal flares magnesium found places earth surface found combination substances magnesium found sea water hard task separate magnesium salt water spite fact invented ways present magnesium supply comes sea kinds domestic animals horses cows contribute immeasurably comfort convenience sheep hold primary place animals wool warm soft hairy covering animals obtained llamas goats sheep spite wool crop comes sheep
john thornton partners hans pete taking boat bad stretch rapids wilderness partners moved bank guiding boat ropes thornton stood boat helping pole buck thornton dog ran bank keeping abreast boat eyes left thornton especially bad spot hans loosened rope thornton poled boat midstream clear submerged ledge hazard successfully passed hans checked rope quickly boat flew downstream thornton swept wild water swimmer live buck sprang river hard swim caught thornton felt master grasp tail big dog headed bank buck powerful swimmer carried rapidly downstream thornton saw impossible reach shore smashing rock crushing force desperately clutched slippery top hands roar churning water shouted buck buck obediently struggled shoreward pulled pete hans knew thornton cling slippery rock ran bank point thornton tying rope buck neck shoulders put water buck struck boldly rushing water carried helplessly past thornton hans hauled rope jerking buck water pulled big dog ashore
colonel davy crockett campaigns election congress united states opponent gentleman polished manners seldom spoke audience wearing broad smile entire speech noting favorable effect opponent grinning colonel speech yes gentlemen opponent votes grinning slow comes grinning prove let tell story love hunt discovered ago coon couldn stand grin grin bring tumbling highest tree waste powder lead want creatures walking night hundred yards house saw coon planted highest limbs tree night clear full moon dog rattler rattler won bark coon queer dog decided bring varmint usual grin set grinning coon reasonable found didn wondered took steady grin didn mad felt round branch feet
noted norwegian named eric red settled iceland tenth century later compelled leave iceland heard land westward took party companions set search discovered land later called greenland island deceptive greenland fact attractive places earth named attract settlers greenland largest island planet counting continent australia sixteen hundred miles hundred miles wide fourths surface covered ice east coast suitable habitation cold ocean current west coast small strip land sustain human known interior greenland bold explorers crossed ice capped mountains hardy eskimos danes compose greenland population hunt fish living farm sheep ago westerners contact china surprised learn enormous diversity chinese north south divided yangtze river distinct sections china ways separate countries south living fertile watered hills valleys enter commercial activities populous cities
end seventeenth century franciscan monks began city spot chose indian village growing trade route part southwest wilderness texas city named san antonio de bexar close nearby river built mission called alamo city san antonio grew prospered fort built adventurous americans settled texas san antonio france turned louisiana territory united states exact location western boundary clear americans rio grande spain claimed river dividing line texas territory part mexico texas declared independence mexican government general cos army drive americans settled texas territory greatly outnumbered texans defeated mexican army captured general cos parole famous brother law santa anna february general santa anna led mexican army san antonio colonels travis bowie group hundred sixty alamo group davy crockett famous soldier hunter politician santa anna demanded surrender colonel travis answered cannon shot mexicans raised red flag meant quarter began strong attack
summoned meal adjoining room cold iceland fire landlord couldn afford food meat potatoes dumplings supper company barroom knowing decided spend rest evening noticed guests held aloof noise rest interested give description stood full feet height broad shoulders huge chest seldom seen strong voice announced southerner thought tall mountaineers ridge virginia finally slipped saw comrade sea minutes missed shipmates huge favorite raised cry darted house pursuit prefers sleep bed fact sleep brother don private sleeping comes sleeping unknown stranger strange inn strange town stranger objections
dressed washed barroom smiled grinning landlord pleasantly feel angry played prank matter bedfellow barroom full boarders coming opportunity look nearly brown brawny company beards pretty plainly tell ashore young fellow healthy cheek sun toasted pear hue days landed indian voyage looks shades lighter grub ho cried landlord flinging open door breakfast prepared hear stories whaling surprise nearly silent looked embarrassed yes set sea dogs slightest boarded whalers high seas sat social breakfast table looking sight green mountains curious sight bashful bears timid warrior sat head table cool icicle greatest admirer justified bringing harpoon breakfast bring plate
supper social chat smoke room present embalmed head took enormous tobacco wallet searching tobacco drew thirty dollars silver spreading money table dividing equal parts pushed mine told couldn silenced pouring dollars trouser pockets let stay evening prayers taking idol wondered join asked christian unite wild savage piece wood wish unite presbyterian form worship unite kindled shavings helped prop innocent idol offered burnt biscuit bowed times kissed nose bed peace sleep chat lain bed chatting napping felt getting daybreak future shaggy jackets drawn shoulders passed tomahawk pipe slowly grew blue cover smoke
passed activity aboard sails mended sails coming board bolts canvas coils rigging captain seldom ashore sat deck keeping sharp lookout workers purchasing providing stores workers jobs nightfall signing word inns ship company stopping chests board night telling soon vessel sailing personal belongings decided sleep ashore give notice cases ship sail days wonder deal telling things thought fully equipped knows large number things beds saucepans knives forks shovels tongs napkins business housekeeping whaling requires housekeeping wide ocean grocers doctors bakers bankers holds true merchant vessels means extent length whaling voyage numerous articles whaling impossibility replacing remote harbors remembered ships whaling vessels exposed accidents kinds
small seamen written whale run authors bible aristotle linnaeus owen scoresby beale bennett list whale authors seen whale real mean captain scoresby separate subject greenland whale existing authority scoresby knew says sperm whale compared greenland whale worth mentioning greenland whale king seas writers means largest whales poets past days tell greenland whale monarch seas hear ye greenland whale longer king sperm whale books pretend put living sperm whale books beale bennett surgeons english south sea whale ships exact reliable material touching sperm whale found volumes small goes excellent quality sperm whale completely literature
chief mate native nantucket quaker looking thirty age especially strongly inclined superstition definitely daredevil type love wife child taking chances boat afraid whale mean taking unnecessary chances utterly fearless dangerous comrade coward ay ay mate careful find fishery fancy lowering whales sundown fighting whale fought thought ocean kill whales living killed hundreds killed knew bottomless deeps find father brother brave face whales seas type person withstand terror enraged mighty later mate native cape cod called cape cod happy lucky afraid especially brave took dangers saying
days weeks passed easy sail ivory slowly slipped cruising grounds azores cape de mouth rio de la plata ground watery locality southerly st helena gliding waters moonlight night waves rolled scrolls silver silvery jet seen advance white bubbles bow saw moonlight nights custom mount head stand lookout herds whales seen night hundred walking deck quick side lunging strides ahab commanded ship helm masthead manned piled craft rolled wind watched ahab face night thought things warring live leg lively echoes deck stroke dead limb sounded coffin tap death walked ship swiftly sped eye arrows eager glances shot silvery jet seen night sailor swore saw midnight spout grown forgotten thing days silent hour announced
squid bad warning object squid savage sharpening harpoon bow boat quick sperm whale exceedingly sultry special crew resist going sleep part indian ocean voyaging call lively ground affords fewer glimpses porpoises dolphins flying fish kinds fish rio de la plata inshore ground peru turn stand head shoulders leaning sails fro idly swayed enchanted air forgetfulness altogether noticed watchmen drowsy lifelessly swung spars swing nod slumbering helmsman waves sleepy wide trance sea east nodded west sun suddenly bubbles bursting beneath closed eyes shock lo forty fathoms gigantic sperm whale lay rolling water large ship upside broad glossy glistening rays mirror lying lazily sea spouting jet whale looked smoking pipe warm afternoon
soon thought sound decks hands preparing cast anchor deep heavy chains dragged deck thrust rattling portholes clanking links vast corpse tied ship tied head stern tail bows whale lies black hull close vessel ahab quiet known deck mate showed excitement bustle superior turned sole management affairs small helping liveliness soon known high liver fond parts whale steak steak sleep overboard cut whalers general rule eat whale meat find genuine relish part sperm whale called midnight steak cut cooked lighted lanterns sperm oil stoutly stood supper whale flesh night thousands thousands sharks swarmed dead whale feasted fatness sleepers bunks startled sharp slapping shark tails hulls inches sleepers hearts
received letter bank sir yesterday informing discovery respecting small property poor father saw dead paris find gentleman bank traveled paris help prepared hear sir show felt older wiser bow replied bank sir orphan friend glad permitted journey worthy gentleman protection gentleman left london bank messenger beg favor waiting happy lorry entrusted charge happy execute sir thank thank gratefully told bank gentleman explain details business prepare find surprising naturally strong eager interest naturally lorry yes find difficult begin begin looked uncertainly brows knit puzzled frown stranger sir asked
narrow street poor quarter paris large cask wine dropped broken rough irregular stones pavement cart cask tumbled hoops burst lay stones door wine shop shattered walnut shell reach left idleness run spot drink wine lay pools surrounded jostling group poor seldom tasted wine let wasted kneeled scoops hands sipped tried help women sip wine run fingers dipped puddles mugs small banks mud stop wine ran darted cut streams wine started directions shrill sound laughter amused voices sounded street wine game lasted roughness sport embraces drinking shaking hands joining hands dancing wine merriment ceased suddenly broken left saw sticking firewood cutting set motion
captive looked fixedly forehead knit frown expression showing effort thought recollection expression showed faint survival active intelligence mind wholly wreck broken pieces care built sound structure shoemaking salvation foreseen feeling mind breaking asked learn thoughtful frown faded looked attentively finally deep sigh took shoe resumed recognized monsieur whispered yes thought hopeless seen moment face knew daughter remained standing door crept wall shoemaker stood looking hands stretched moved wall close bench sat hush lorry let draw word spoken sound stood spirit bent length reached sharp shoemaker knife eye caught skirt dress looked saw face fear striking knife spectators started forward fearless stopped motion hand
doctor daughter lived quiet street corner london soho square place found return france miss pross house comfortable nursed father health helped recover mental powers corner end pleasant quaint street led distance open fields wild flowers blossomed bright sunny morning house lay shadow later large dignified cheerful house top floor let lodger family occupied floors kitchens basement room office doctor received patients practice medicine known skilled physician hard realize distinguished looking white haired gentleman intellectual face erect bearing shoemaker garret paris low grave voice mournful gloom daughter power charm black brooding moods golden thread united past misery present misery sound voice light face touch hand comforted pleasant sunday afternoon months trial treason jarvis lorry usual sunday soho dine doctor friend
sunshiny later july carriage horses coachman footman livery showed service nobleman waited courtyard palace lords french court carriages driven days duke held reception paid admirers attendance dukes cringed flattered favor break lower station presently owner carriage appeared coming stairway courtyard hat arm hand evidently treatment duke pleased face showed evil temper sixty handsomely dressed face fine mask pale face clearly defined features wearing set expression line mouth straight thin cruel face handsome face remarkable turned foot stairway shook pinch snuff fingers devote duke treated coldly devil entered carriage driven memory slights agreeable common scatter horses barely escaping run
sun setting traveling carriage marquis dragged steep hill west paris landscape beautiful showed scanty crops wheat bright abundant patches poor rye wheat patches poor peas beans patches coarse vegetable substitutes wheat top hill carriage stopped coachman fastened wheel heavy curved wooden block acted brake descent drag called hung chain body carriage sunset struck brilliantly carriage stopped marquis drenched crimson die directly fact carriage slid downhill cloud dust red glow departed quickly road led broken country bold open village bottom hill broad sweep rise church tower windmill forest hunting crag fortress prison round objects darkening night drew marquis looked air coming home village poor street poor brewery poor tannery poor tavern poor stable yard poor fountain poor poor sitting doors shredding spare onions supper
slowly lorry hope darkened heart grew heavier heavier fourth days days days days days hope darkening heart growing heavier heavier lorry passed anxious secret unconscious happy fail observe shoemaker hand growing dreadfully skillful intent hands nimble expert dusk ninth evening night worn anxious watching lorry fell asleep post tenth morning awakened shining sun room rubbed eyes roused immediately aware sound hammering room ceased going door looking saw bench tools put doctor usual morning dress sat reading window making sound lorry sought miss pross decided wait regular breakfast hour meet doctor unusual occurred doctor summoned breakfast usual soon evident thought daughter marriage place yesterday
night mid july lorry late sat husband dark window hot wild night began think lorry pass night busy known unrest paris customers send property england fast bad look yes reason tired cross doctor entering glad home hurries worries nervous tea tray course thank dear put young added handed tea let sit quietly hear echoes theory theory fancy fancy lorry patting hand numerous loud hear headlong mad dangerous footsteps force footsteps raging saint antoine afar group sat dark london window saint antoine morning vast dusky mass scarecrows heaving fro gleams light steel blades bayonets shone sun
week capture bastille madame sat sunshine door looking shop street week rejoicing ragged miserable stretch lean bare arms sense power fingers knitting women vicious learned tear knit wife sat pleasant morning light appeared breathless corner pulled red cap wore begun wear soon known liberty cap stood panting neighbors rushed grouped hear news brought cried recall told starving eat grass found hiding country saw city hall prisoner moment deep silence cries arose villain prisoner city hall trial loosed cry voices told father told dead baby eat grass loosed deep note drum lay feet knitting women wife looked steadfastly patriots determined voice ready
pictures called pat pictures don mine took pictures miss white took pictures school mike read pat didn look book thought school thought school pictures pat wanted picture pat ran school thought picture pat school miss white picture dad took took school going put pictures children looked pat picture picture pat mike asked miss white call pat school picture mike children smiled liked picture looked lucy liked smile lived lucy street liked smiled lucy didn smile lucy street school hello lucy called cunningham lucy waved smile cunningham thought lucy waved smile lucy smile mrs dandy saw lucy hello lucy mrs dandy called lucy waved mrs dandy smile thought mrs dandy lucy smile
lee asked lucy read lucy walked lee lucy surprise lee lucy smiled children lucy lee big smile children looked lucy smiled guess lucy smiled surprise lucy looked book wasn reading lucy asked lee reading lucy wanted hide face birthday lee lucy today birthday today reading lee today magic lucy magic asked lucy magic lee home lucy thought birthday magic thought lucy looked funny house bridge street lucy walked apartment thought lucy live apartment magic lucy apartment funny thought eat magic mother dad lucy sisters home girls surprise lucy birthday hamster lucy thank thank hamster pet night lucy didn want sleep
ling lives building street hill city street park street school morning ling brothers sister hill school school ling brothers sister run hill play park ling ling runs steps building house picks things starts ling makes pictures sits steps makes pictures going stores side street makes pictures cars sits father bookstore makes pictures places animals books makes pictures playground mother works pictures pictures pictures ling play brothers sister fun say things making pictures don sick pictures ling care works pictures ling runs hill park brothers sister surprised pictures today say says ling pictures park looking pictures making pictures big wall ling pictures
donna liked roof apartment house weather fair brother don play donna called roof sky house roof children look city big cars looked cars cars looked ants don trucks looked toys children sky house night lights city donna liked lights helicopters lights night sky don liked look space thought lights night sky magic pictures donna thought saw ship sky house don look saw donna donna called think balloon balloon donna surprise postcard don donna read postcard children anders school say postcard donna don children school sky house nan school couldn run hop children nan school school nan miss green help nan schoolwork mail nan waiting
ago sitting fire looking smoke going air think smoke bag wanted took bag held smoke warm air bag sky big bag balloon put basket basket put pan pan fire fire air warm warm air big balloon balloon basket pan fire pan basket duck rooster sheep balloon sky animals balloon animals safe sky balloon women balloons began learn things learned weather began pictures balloons maps looking balloons balloons learned space higher higher balloons balloons helped ready space age send message friend kind message send ways send message wanted stranger find
hundred yards road grandfather house call house stable painted lovely barn red horse stalls re filled shelves books library lives house bedroom grandfather huge fourposter bed stalls loft army cots ran ahead john stable hoping rush ladder loft seeing course person saw father practically knocked hurry grabbed elbows vicky mother needed bit help morning simply word loft changed waiting john tries copy daddy angry couldn model mumbled sorry daddy scurried ladder odd climb recumbent body dane rochester spent grandfather lying foot ladder miserable couldn climb part part reason wanted beach look ocean rest eyes ocean sky rochester wasn
stable mother loft john sit screened porch minutes daddy grandfather light porch lights shone kitchen windows moths sizes batted screens trying beam light house swung minute bathing brilliance john sitting couch grandfather suddenly sweep light funniest feeling didn brother familiar shoe fought frequently depended needed help math homework instance john whizz math struggle high school dances needed john plenty partners didn stuck spend minutes girls room taking putting lipstick kill going dance floor grandfather thinking john turned festivities elena doug haven chance congratulate re proud son john terribly embarrassed praises outstanding kind person happens oftener
morning clock put things car soft morning light kind fuzzy golden pink sort hazy early morning brightens clears beautiful hugged kissed grandfather bye car suzy wore bermuda knee socks sweaters john rob daddy wore jeans daddy women pants mother wears looked comfortable ready trip plaid skirt white blouse red cardigan station wagon daddy kind bed sleeping bags air mattresses couple extra blankets spread top rob immediately curled elephant child arms suzy crawled lie stomach look window john sat middle seat stove pots pans big water thermos jug ice box room inch extra mother daddy sat front food box mother big straw bag odds ends wooden box books mother knew wasn apt read brought apt read left going bring
didn think refreshing wanted didn say thought plain black sheath mother wears string pearls wondered look tall glad wasn golden girl suzy interesting face vicky zachary walked tent pretty pretty darned figure say darned shock bet happened meals put front skin knee run crying mommie kiss maybe didn experience getting happened asked someday tell don want shock acquaintance campsite mother daddy john sitting table drinking coffee zachary handed bow making feel word sir daddy daughter safe sound unsullied tomorrow vicky night
message zachary didn heard going tulsa daddy meant zachary wouldn able find camping place saw mother daddy arms doors open friends extra house dinner week ends spending night welcome mat wasn zachary looked mother daddy kind scowled didn think zachary undesirable john brought home pretty characters blown gaskets didn ask zachary stay obviously wasn leaned shiny black station wagon talked tennessee politics lot mother daddy excused sit fallen tree edged brook campsite zachary grinned finally smoked em intrigue vicky don wonder gang night tried pick flattered wasn true didn bunch looking kicks think re kick kind corner eye looked mother daddy sitting fallen tree
longest drive trip suppose feeling sort fleeing zachary daddy aunt sue uncle nat expecting wasn set camp arrived beds food waiting thunderstorms forecast kind tired wet wood cook dinner hotter hotter mother daddy john switching driving suzy john wheel hey john couldn nice meg charles wallace murry kipling say story arkansas flat hot stretches wet rice fields took completely surprise sure learned social studies arkansas produces rice imagination saw rice growing east hats paddling oklahoma gently rolling hills lots groves trees clean white cities heated oil course oil wells fascinated rob week order avoid memorial week end traffic disappointment saw indian
started climb cliff zachary daddy rest family ahead steep stone steps stony paths ladders zachary steps slower slower looked white slowed let group past saw daddy stopped looking zachary stop zach sir rest daddy sir want sounded funny coming zachary sudden want cry sorry daddy elected afternoon put supervision tell stop rest rest climb easy stages problem rheumatic fever ago zachary eyes enormous white face didn tell vicky doctor rheumatic fever specialty guess sit breath zachary pushed past looking curiously standing edge path barely able room daddy looked zachary habit things zachary stood start climbing
heard daddy whisper mother don think satisfied didn put departure indians program started straggling tents cabins hotel zachary took hand pulled walking path beams flashlights light nicest thing saw sleepy bunny rabbit edge path blinking flashlights hoped suzy rob seen couldn indians mind looks stalked night indians zachary don think liked think resented blame zachary sounded violent country misused paid laborers land wouldn burn place silent don think father likes don think thought awkwardly mean lots mesa verde kind logical place logic vicky doubt voice low intimate ahead path heard
end drive began climb seeing hazy mountains distance finally reached blast hot air began cooler green light green grass darker green pines daddy pulled townsend campsite flagstaff arizona primitive campsite bigger roadside picnic areas home dirty fly inhabited suzy decided highly unsanitary announced wasn going daddy told alternative badly privy flies flies thing remember flagstaff arizona beautiful tall pines campgrounds strawberry jam lot kids suzy age mother getting dinner played baseball rob john pitched bat mother called dinner ready suzy rushing big green box food picnic bench bumped knocked bench resounding crash mother looked suzy suzy cried didn mean daddy picked box set table mother looked
evidently lived warm climate thousands later grew colder continued snow freeze northern parts earth covered ice feet deep large sheets ice called glaciers moved southward parts europe asia north america times suffered bitter cold needing shelter moved caves driving wild animals lived learned fire burning embers fire started lightning cook meat fish discovered wild animals afraid fire discovery led place fire mouth cave fire animals gave family warmth needed fire badly find making learned rub sticks fast sticks hot point small flame started dry grass method boy scouts merit badge woodcraft found sparks striking pieces flint sparks start fire fire led making pottery learned baskets carry store food covered basket clay hold water
think moment prehistoric discovered plant seeds tend food crop discovered seeds sprout grow moist fertile soil hunted rich bottom land streams ample water needs soil gathered groups villages thought facts occur modern follows prehistoric think pioneers america remember pushed rivers settled broad banks think cities built rivers earliest set peoples settled egypt babylonia egypt developed lower valley nile river babylonia lay lowland tigris euphrates rivers flow persian gulf ancient peoples stages development read chapter idea ideas discovered peoples intelligence skillful hands peoples learned things part lives today ceased savages civilized river valleys built civilization comes development show manners dealing
accustomed knowing going states countries radios newspapers television sets bring news neighbors learn babylonia savagery civilization say study babylonia egyptians things true peoples learn communication babylonians took step civilization knowing egyptians working similar problems began trading learn thousand continents broad sea water highway guess importance ancient peoples called mediterranean means middle earth civilizations learning developed mediterranean sea egypt continent africa africa connected continent asia desert land bridge shown map page cross bridge study civilization developed western asia later european side mediterranean examine civilizations say civilization egypt developed rapidly peace favorable conditions western asia developed differently
end wars persia city athens heap ruins wars progress fled nearby islands needed home themistocles leading athens thought athenians clean ruins build city location themistocles build strong walls city build walls protect future wars moved athens began building strong city neighboring states jealous joined ask sparta stop athens building walls thought walls athens strong spartans called themistocles maybe glad sparta talk matter themistocles word started sparta left athens told rush building walls themistocles sparta athens women children worked night complete walls themistocles stall spartan rulers chuckled stalling shabby spartan trick give dose medicine walls completed themistocles sparta athens ready stand defend enemies
study backgrounds discover nations stage history actors play stars leaving performance play parts forgotten athens greek city states brilliant acting inspired beauty artists thinkers created left continue fine performance learn stop think envy jealously weaken ability guess bad feelings greeks quarreling fighting wasted power energy enemy able defend past sparta athens jealous sparta continued develop leading military power land persian wars sparta lined city states southern greece allies corinth central greece group called peloponnesian league spartans believed league armies spartans watched athens cultural leader greece athenian writers artists thinkers statesmen influenced city states ideas art cultural idea sparta doric column architecture
study roman civilization interesting remember began greek civilization began picture developing side side remember roman civilization lasted longer conquer greek ideas picture times latin farmers live small villages hills morning fields plow plant care crops simple works hard tend herds cattle sheep pigs raise grapes returns village home enemy tribe comes farmers defend community herds grain vegetable raising farmer simple room house built sun dried bricks windows hole roof serves chimney open fire inside mother bakes bread cooks vegetables family side simple loom spins weaves woolen cloth makes clothes worn family clothing includes tunic dress mother shorter daughters short woolen tunics father sons think tunic shirt short sleeves reaches knees
early rulers franks named clovis thought clovis ten rome sacked barbarians later clovis king franks frankish kings chief tribe clovis wanted real frankish kingdom twenty marched roman governor part gaul defeated clovis conquered germanic tribe master gaul clovis strong ruler rule franks united learned gauls romans gaul live orderly language romans ways land country call france french language words gauls romans germans german barbarians clovis believed german gods wife christian princess burgundy tried persuade clovis accept christian teachings permitted children baptized christians clovis faced important battle rhine point clovis winning prayed christ christian god promised christian won battle shortly king tribe clovis fighting killed battle
close charlemagne wrote things famous king writings tell charlemagne took pride ability ride swim hunt dressed franks linen shirt breeches tunic hose wrapped bands festivals dress beautiful clothes charlemagne dined children home mealtime liked read history deeds aloud journey children sons rode side daughters soon sons king taught ride horseback practice weapons hunt daughters taught spin weave later set school palace learn read write charlemagne wanted bring teutonic peoples christian empire conquer tribes kingdom saxons crossed rhine war rule charlemagne added lombards northern italy kingdom capturing lombard king put king crown declared king lombards charlemagne protect kingdom fierce asiatic tribes settled southeast show conquered tribes paid amount goods
sir francis turns soldier carl answer questions says leaves hope castle gasp amazement step wall castle located high rocky cliff commands view countryside miles farming main occupation europe viking invasions carl remarks towns destroyed business industry carried land form wealth fields catch eyes pattern divided strips farmlands manor cultivated serfs peasants carl says peasant cultivate number strips parts manor fields patterns fields pasture lands farm animals graze castle cattle stolen easily told manor large woodland carl points gather dead trees firewood village serfs live village castle mill grinding grain sir francis says manor workers produce food clothing tools needed castle center feudal estate planned fort defense
mom breakfast gran kitchen morning mom re early thought walk part school jenny gran smiled short visit won christmas trying stare gran wearing blouse skirt nice ordinary blouse blue vest purple poodle dogs dogs macaroni dyed purple gran walked look poodles side front purple head purple head ugliest things seen pasta poodles gran re newest thing paris mom laughed poured gran cup coffee gran lives paris pennsylvania town streets gran misses chance joke tried joke wouldn say thought ugly purple poodles soon modeling vogue magazine gran re interested sharing paris fashion rest gran sat looking pleased reached giant sized purse suddenly sinking feeling stomach magician brought package wrapped tissue paper
jenny lamb turn bus las vegas leaves mom bus depot gran going las vegas visit aunt clara gran likes rounds bus couple times visit daughters live parts country night paris explains hugged kissed told christmas longer visit course hated mary bell gran walked watched couple minutes mary bell cleared throat hint yeah move mary bell real problem going rid dreadful vest looking total creep gran neat mary lot style looked astounded exactly word gran amazed thought doubly amazed mary bell seen quickly yes sure lot style love vest mary sounded shy super sincere quick flash pulled vest mary jumped offered dead mouse
didn talk poodles anymore night morning gran mom kitchen gran wearing fuzzy pink sweater knitted hands purple poodle vest sinking feeling worse want jenny girls yesterday sure felt totally rotten put vest lovely gran hugged bye left room quickly wiped eyes began walking side street mary bell poodle vest crossed side asked gran felt knew going walked crossed mind looked dumb poodles prancing crossed mind stop taking mine shoving rock stopping guess knew going vest important things early kids staring didn say
largest deepest pacific ocean large ocean magellan sailed ocean peaceful crossed stormy atlantic named pacific latin word means peaceful calm pacific round shape covers area square miles atlantic ocean shaped size covers area square miles atlantic named greek god atlas north atlantic part atlantic north equator shipping activity ocean think true large rivers flow north america europe atlantic excellent harbors ports ocean going ships indian ocean lies southern hemisphere round shape pacific large atlantic indian ocean covers area square miles arctic ocean lies top area north pole land surface ocean frozen arctic ocean covers square miles geographers don count antarctic ocean separate ocean feel southern part pacific atlantic indian oceans antarctic ocean body water continent antarctica south pole
temperature air desert greatly hour hot daytime cold night rocks sand absorb heat ocean hot cold night thirds heat comes earth absorbed oceans water absorb times heat air water hold heat loses slowly period important keeping air temperature changing quickly moon instance temperature reaches degrees fahrenheit daytime night drops nearly degrees fahrenheit think change temperature moon sea regulates controls temperature air hot oceans body water absorbs heat reason breezes ocean feel cool hot talk temperature talking hot cold place temperature change greatly hours desert talk climate talking kind weather temperature place sun heat warm ocean evenly
today reptiles live oceans lay eggs land reptiles living sea returned living land turtles oldest living reptiles sea turtles large weighing pounds number sea turtles dropped alarming rate turtles eggs eaten animals early sailing days sea turtles carried food put move live food killed needed crews ships protected law nearly turtles destroyed sea iguana reptile sea lives galapagos islands pacific looks dangerous gentle bite sea iguanas swimmers dive bottom sea eat seaweed salt water crocodiles sea snakes reptiles live oceans mammals animals ways give birth living young reptiles fish mammals feed young milk mother brains mammals developed animals body temperature mammals live oceans returned lived land legs flippers swim small legs skin whales
dreamed exploring water deeper feet william beebe otis barton built steel sphere ball called walls inches thick beebe barton dives shown page august coast bermuda reached depth feet deep connected ship surface telephone report saw record remained unbroken barton feet vehicle allowed scientists gather information limited towed ship attached ship steel cable danger caught strong ocean current happened cable twist break problem early diving suits attached cable order inside safe needed vehicle allow deep ocean depending boat surface vehicle scientists combine parts aqualung needed vehicle strong depths carry air power supply
population today outgrown supply food poorer countries bed hungry night acre acre ocean supply food land today percent food supply comes sea hunts seas hunted land raise food seas fishes hooks lines nets hundreds ago small countries large populations depend fish food united states norway portugal fishermen protein diet japanese comes fish eat fish japan countries raise fish food plant harvest oysters raising food oceans called compare raising food land millions asia islands pacific eat seaweed place seaweed grow harvested easily things chocolate milk ice cream comes seaweed substance called algin japan russia send boats called trawlers look fish ships stay sea months catch clean freeze pack fish home
supplies oil continents faster discovered geologists scientists study earth seeking finding oil deposits continental shelves believe oil continental shelves land drilling oil oceans hard movement waves shallow water tower built legs sunk ocean floor platform built waves drill mounted platform land picture shows drilling platform gulf mexico weighs tons deck large football field ocean minerals known minerals land scientists think ways minerals sea magnesium important mineral light strong today magnesium comes sea water cubic mile sea water million tons magnesium bromine sea water medicines gasoline burn cost taking minerals sea coal tin sulfur mines floor ocean scientists parts ocean floor covered carpet nodules lumps metal nodules manganese
turned eyes sky wondered stars bright objects sun moon planets gods early thought stars control lives understand stars afraid worshipped later began ideas heavens thought earth surrounded giant turning shell shell outer ring fire stars thought holes shell fire outer ring suggested stars angels heaven giordano bruno dared suggest stars exactly sun farther terrible idea put prison later burned stake stars night travel parts earth stars able astronomer scientist studies space earth large telescopes cameras astronomers pictures million stars eye nearly stars hidden view dust clouds space thousands look small speck light specks tiny impossible count number stars
ago watched stars began notice stars stayed groups gave names groups stars tell comes vega taurus say gave groups stars names gods heroes animals objects groups stars call constellations look heroes gods animals objects washington looks george washington shapes constellations look objects named pictures drawn constellations imaginary astronomers marked positions stars constellations star maps star maps easy understand remember star patterns shown flat piece paper real stars curved sky head easiest star map circular round north star center hold map read month looking stars look north raise map horizon angle equal latitude home find home latitude looking map globe live degrees equator center map held degrees horizon
naked eye stars move sky read chapter stars move space looking photographs astronomers star motion star earth tell star moving suppose wanted measure width distance river surveyors persons measure distances earth find distance points river distance called base line pick point side river end base line measure angle sight point angles size base line fix size triangle size triangle surveyors tell width river astronomers method finding distances nearby stars earth goes sun nearby stars shift change position compared stars farther shift position called parallax parallax hold finger front face look finger eye open compared distant background finger shift show parallax distance eyes base line farther eyes smaller shift
chapters book talked single stars look stars arranged universe question astronomers beginning answer sun billions billions stars known universe astronomers study chapter learn group stars sun found learn group position universe look stars night answer question clear stars evenly spaced universe part sky number stars call milky milky millions stars earth curved stars seen spots southern hemisphere part earth equator part groups stars milky called large magellanic cloud called small magellanic cloud clouds milky groups stars called galaxies galaxy millions stars star galaxies sun parts milky bright groups clusters stars recognize winter sky sisters earth group bright stars
heard space stars completely empty true space completely free matter called vacuum complete vacuum matter hard create pump nearly air container particles gas left part vacuum called partial vacuum space stars partial vacuum protons neutrons electrons found space atoms elements molecules found space astronomers call dust astronomers found molecules materials water nitrogen ammonia discoveries raised important questions scientists known depends chemicals astronomers trying hard discover chemicals found space believe find tell exist parts places universe dust light stars galaxies reach earth parts galaxies look blocked view large cloud dark clouds called dark nebulae parts universe dust reflect light bright star stars spots called bright nebulae look lighted gas thought nebulae created exploding stars remains float space form cloud
talked makes universe learn famous astronomers instruments astronomers earliest astronomers greeks aristarchus lived ago thought earth moved sun agree wanted believe earth center universe early greek astronomer able record positions sun moon stars records tell ahead things sky place famous greek astronomers ptolemy ptolemy lived ago believed earth center universe ideas accepted ancient ptolemy theory universe seriously questioned nicolaus copernicus polish astronomer wrote book brought idea aristarchus earth moved sun copernican theory hard prove parallax shown true astronomers parallax stars think able movement stars tycho brahe danish astronomer late tried parallax carefully studying heavens failed observations helped johannes kepler german astronomer mathematician brahe records kepler discovered planets moved elliptical circular paths sun
village ottawa indians shore detroit river young indian squaw preparing feast stirring stew corn beans bits meat iron kettle hung outdoor fire guests father brothers nephews uncle husband medicine helpers twelve guests occasion young woman glanced doorway hut smiled inside reclining cradleboard strapped baby napped peacefully september afternoon sleep rabbit murmured party feast nearly months receive mother called pet names rabbit slippery frog washed eager robin opened mouth hungrily food husband approached striding street bark covered huts carried baked potatoes grove shore feast held sugar cakes asked wife dimly lighted hut knelt row bunk beds ran wall light rear doorway slit roof slit let smoke escape indians cooked inside persons parents married sisters unmarried brothers family lived hut shaped loaf bread
pon ti ac hear pontiac part ceremony medicine handed baby father tried silently lips pontiac strange phrase pleasant sound let mother enter bring baby pontiac priest commanded assistants brought center circle pouch tools feet took baby husband sat center priest took sharp thin awl warmed fire took hold baby ear lobe quickly pierced baby jerked cry assistants stuck tiny straw hole grow ear lobe ready earring turned baby priest pierced lobe assistants began ancient chant ottawa children rocked baby arms waited song end sun setting fort crimson glow fire dying song ended loud boom sounded water jerked fright baby cried summer thunder turned realized sunset gun fort behold priest pontiac answers mighty gun fear
wonder big fish catch pontiac stretched arms wide declared fish swim loops big caught smiled anticipation sleep boys tried guess fish net dawn called help pull catch look cried pontiac pointing fish splashes roiling water seen curve net entangled fish lashing tails trying loose excited decided fresh fish breakfast canoes fastened end end paddlers skimmed pole waded downstream side net pontiac left shore pole canoe loosened pole crouched hold strained paddle shore slowly net pulled loop heavy net pontiac cried movement net set fish thrashing wildly break caught water began pushing loop shore hold pole called heavy net turned pull anchoring pole increased pontiac pushed straight hundred big fish net pontiac panted
family began pack traps knives spoons wooden dishes gourd cups small kettles pans large sugar making kettle dried corn pumpkin thin strips dried meat packed pouches blankets fur wraps deerskin extra moccasins folded stacked precious mirror paints needles laid bows arrows tied steel ax hatchets muskets left separate early morning rush mats pulled frame lodge laid bottom canoe kettle center goods packed pontiac stood guard laden canoe parents neighbors village breaking families preparing leave pontiac took place front canoe dog sat mother kettle goods sisters finally father canoe crowded carry heavier load spring lake pontiac shouted girls clapped hands canoe carried southward detroit river passed huron village village pontiac looked french fort longer seen bend passed turkey island glided length big island isle nightfall entered lake camped western shore
woods noisy birds squirrels indians waited patiently finally touched pontiac arm pontiac daydreaming hear unusual heard grass swishing realized large animal walking nearby straining eyes bushes brown pass going drink whispered look put head aim neck waited motionless couple minutes moved quickly deer animal paused creek snorted head swung left feeling safe put head water pontiac straightened lifted musket crutch pulling hammer sighted carefully barrel aimed neck deer slowly pulled trigger click flash boom hit pontiac shoulder lost balance dropped musket fell happened going son pontiac scrambled feet saw deer lying side half water turned son musket kicked hold tight powder exploded gun jerked backward hold firmly shoulder pontiac nodded started deer father warned pick gun load
march winter passing nights cold freeze water sun warm middle clouds gathered snow fall warming ground sugar snow pontiac mother knew meant break camp depart maple grove home detroit river fur pelts rolled bundles tied skins bear oil gathered strings dried venison steel traps brought lodge canoe carried river pontiac helped father pull mats lodge spread bottom canoe lodge poles furs blankets big kettle filled utensils oil bags finally food packed pontiac took place front laden canoe picked paddle felt craft push forward father climbed pontiac dipped blade father stroke canoe gained speed gliding smooth water weeks walking snow breath rose plumes fog worked paddle journey river mouth dusk canoe approached spot joined river
pontiac grown parents war broke french english french fort beginning ohio river called fort duquesne pittsburgh pennsylvania english claimed area army capture fort duquesne french troops fort word indian friends help french commander fort detroit called chiefs tell news pontiac listened words french friends white brothers seen english soldier village agreed send warriors pontiac offered late june set fort duquesne pontiac found hundred indians assembled july captain took hundred frenchmen hundred indians trail southward meet english pontiac marched monongahela river noon suddenly english redcoats shots english stop captain divided running side wooded road column english troops marching french indians redcoats easily english english felt bullets battle raged nearly hours english troops fell soldiers forward bunched road pontiac saw officer horseback ride shouting
impatient pontiac wait april villages fill families returning winter hunting spring sugar making visited chiefs repeatedly trade furs powder lead urged plan finally word hold council river south fort detroit pontiac announced ottawas call major dance squaws carry weapons robes give signal weapons raise war cry hurons surround fort rush hear won soldiers guard asked english merchants muskets soldiers scattered pontiac watching sleeping lodges merchants busy shops chiefs liked pontiac plan agreed attack morning pontiac took hundred warriors squaws river approached fort entertain commander hurons small groups entered ottawas passed open gate inside fort unusually quiet shops merchants closed streets pontiac advanced open drill ground
going send frenchman illinois country ask french commander happening wish trustworthy report indians fort detroit hunting gardens neglected began complain hunger pontiac told french residents river fighting help feed warriors french knew french soldiers expected tell pontiac hoped indians capture fort gave food snow fell early october grumbling indians told pontiac leave winter hunting grounds pontiac gazed fort wondered frenchman returned illinois french commander word pontiac french residents detroit french king english king peace illinois country french soldiers coming word spread indians left detroit river growing numbers snowed october pontiac took family hunt failed drive english pontiac return detroit spring settled island river english commander fort detroit treaty hurons remaining ottawas
live hessian hill onion john house built piled stone bathtubs running water month middle night according moon cook stew chunks lead maybe chipped stone collected half rabbit wood alcohol blue flame wasn stew eating gold moon fortune saw fortune onion john cooking guess changed onion john account getting friends happened played township league pennant onion john didn watch ball game actually shopping garbage dump center field position play serenity dump john supermarket needed didn find looking sight onion john garbage dump afternoon took special notice onion john biggest ball game played
father turned place dead quiet stopped ball hang high ball park picture paper father stood top bench finger pointed sky mother face hid hands elbows sticking straight miller white hat stretched waiting ball drop sound clink onion john hammer started sing tune deep notes snapped ball dropped ran dove scream ball past grunt stands rolling infield wanted wouldn let andy give toss watch home getting home home home run base coming ahead picture stretched flat center field ball dump don baseball onion john figured game maybe saw taking easy lying grass
put lot days experimenting couple seconds garbage dump brought clear didn onion john didn worth looking investigated town happened meet put bridge high street coolest sight serenity water comes spilling mill pond creek don mill longer feed store mill dam shape spend hours watching green water curl white bubbling goes bridge hung rail thinking tests trying onion john try talking slow fast chunks big spaces single words speak high voice deep whisper stop watch happen smooth shining water watched dam didn thing onion john understood english lot anyway repeat words grader wasn
plank swung hand pole mine john roared launching platform flipped rail roar ended gurgle splash wet onion john point knitted hat water straight john stood creek middle staring don mad asked going rain john shook head let circle spray wasn procession spoiled look john finish ceremony re end john told going handle procession chance show drip coming nose chin john shrugged shoulders say finished procession stood creek sang hymn slow took overcoat filled water carried bag shoulder bridge took corners coat helped toss water big wet dusty planks
seeing onion john friend okay john guest meant didn chip help decorate moment walked cellar onion john changed party decorations seen nice fixed step door onion john stopped put burlap bag moaned cramp elegant examined pumpkin witch skeleton front saw bowled dollars eighty cents worth decorations ready eat john thank asking stood table told john appreciated invitation heart soul especially soul explained start halloween feast souls feast knew ate souls asked bo start passed john told big days washington birthday labor spring let cows pasture hills graze
cellar air stuff put stuck fire dump furnace started eating sit table john took overcoat big thick plumbers candles kind sell quarter lighted candle front plate making place hard recognize candles turned decorations changed looked sitting dark flame started bo poured ginger ale john stood held glass rattled couple minutes hopes won distemper told winter toast give toast bitsy thought bit toast french dry bo buttered drank ginger ale drunk rice pudding talking broomsticks kind witches ride wondered witch pick uncomfortable travel john knew wasn broom beginning sheaf corn stalks wheat hay bunch farmers cut fields brought home save winter
john armful wood laughing heard joke dropped wood lit kerosene lamp put pot water boil told nice visit knew busy onion john father rolled set blueprints knees tape measure told john father check electric wiring stove john laughed bigger joke heard john called wood stove lettered oven frolic john thought crazy putting wires frolic needed wood father looked smile re going live frolic anymore john getting gl latest john confused looked rid stove getting brand white shiny model electric john hurried helped father practically lifting feet set father chair finished word spoke fast hard follow
john place lighted square road window opened door thing candle saint front candle kneeling head waited door watched shape onion john prayers crossed feet blew candle saw onion john house black flame match struck lamp table lit house stood turning wick wouldn smoke surprise onion john wearing overcoat underneath velvet lapels heavy sneakers pair patent leather shoes pointed belong grandpa died age eighty hat put prayers fedora practically brand fedora creased exactly expect talked onion john sounded told looked chairs sit visit visit looked watch re committee personal arrangements john re minutes late late john wanted schedule john apologized waiting
john glanced told mother didn extra trouble shoved onions slowly didn want onions started orange juice crusted left milk onion john sit side father don tell ahead eat onions want think trying act want maybe actually want onions friend mine pop thing friend mine course thing happen think father took swallow coffee think changing sudden overnight start onions losing taste starts living differently tell end completely kind human onion john actually think growl rolled band started number schedule waiting sunrise timing couldn perfect sun rose schedule
scientists days turning oceans curiosity aroused seas answer questions earth oceans foods minerals someday depend oceans survival ocean atmosphere sea breezes ocean currents evaporation water influence weather land turn weather effect sea sea surface winds blow sea blow winds scatter tiny plants fish feed offshore winds determine fortunes cod fishermen grand banks coast newfoundland winds favorable spawning season fishing later fish sea increasingly important earth population increases surprisingly eat varieties fish small part oceans fished undoubtedly untouched fishing grounds strange tasty varieties fish added dinner plates fish scientists perfecting protein rich fish flour flour fish discard trash fish ground milled tasty biscuits breads milled fish flour seaweed valuable resource ocean ahead gathering seaweed greater quantities
earth makes earth answer questions think earth surface rocks soil water vegetation maybe look earth solid ball rock earth solid surface crust consists soil rock rock miles thick beneath crust layer solid rock called mantle mantle miles thick reaches core earth core outer core outer core molten melted core solid scientists believe core layers consists iron nickel metals packed searing heat tremendous pressure temperature reaches rocky solid molten sections crust mantle core part earth known lithosphere earth consists solid surface hydrosphere hydrosphere takes oceans spread earth finally part earth atmosphere atmosphere air surrounds earth heard atmosphere referred ocean air floor ocean refer earth surface real surface earth say outer edge atmosphere surface spreading thinning veil gas molecules air high ground
sun beaming earth times sun earth barren lifeless wasteland space sun radiates energy energy keeps plants animals alive lucky energy sun atmosphere surface earth energy radiation deadly atmosphere screens excess rays need solar radiation moves freely gases atmosphere clouds dust particles set barrier clouds reflect radiation space dust particles absorb rays upper part atmosphere absorbs ultraviolet radiation ultraviolet rays especially dangerous rays give sunburn ultraviolet radiation cook earth upper atmosphere ultraviolet radiation harmful end heat sun longer reached earth growing things light heat sun plants animals soon die solar radiation sun warms earth earth turn heat receives sun reflects heat atmosphere reflected heat waves constantly rising earth rocks soil water surface features reflected heat waves warm air air close earth warmer parts upper atmosphere
scientists agreed explanation earth magnetism william gilbert studied earth magnetism earth contained mass magnetic material magnetized material believed gave earth magnetic field core earth consists iron nickel knowing conclude gilbert iron nickel magnetic logical set magnetic field core earth iron loses magnetism temperature core earth temperature temperature iron nickel core magnetic core magnetic scientists believe explanation earth magnetic field found iron nickel core scientists theorized core earth constantly turning entire earth course rotates axis scientists correct core turns relation mantle solid rock core say keeps turning turning pocket surrounded motionless mantle core turns acts dynamo generates electric currents encircle earth currents set magnetic field earth huge electromagnet explanation earth magnetism known dynamo theory earth center rotates unsteady speed speeding slowing rotation alters electric currents deep earth
scientists supports molecular theory magnetism satisfied worked atom worked theory settled electron theory magnetism remember atom consists central portion protons neutrons nucleus protons neutrons whirling electrons electron moves nucleus track electron moves ways revolves center atom earth revolves sun electron spins rotates rotates earth rotates axis diagram iron atom twenty electrons whirling nucleus electron track separate tracks electrons distance nucleus form groups grouped electrons travel shell orbit iron atom electrons shell closest nucleus electrons shell fourteen fourth shell think learned electric current electric current remember magnetic field electric current moving electrons twenty electrons iron atom revolving rotating moving electron iron atom magnetic field surrounding magnetic field encloses electron surrounds electric current
colorful display flickering shifting lights glows northern skies northern hemisphere lights called aurora borealis similar display southern skies southern hemisphere called aurora reds blues greens yellows auroras blend magnificent pattern rays vivid arcs streamers colorful ribbons light reach horizon night dazzling interested observer aurora borealis visible times points middle latitudes seen spectacular phenomenon aurora occurs frequently march october visible times scientists believe charged particles sun set lights earth magnetic field traps charged particles protons electrons charged particles spiraling earth magnetic lines force entering ionosphere react molecules gas atmosphere gases give brilliant colors magnet poles north pole south pole shape magnet poles bar magnet pole pole horseshoe magnets magnets north poles south poles behavior poles magnet summed laws magnetism laws magnetism simply stated poles repel unlike poles attract materials magnetic effect magnetized
look closely ride road cut hill observe side hill cut layers soil layers differ color top layer dark brown consists soft spongy soil soil referred topsoil topsoil mixture organic inorganic material plants grow topsoil fertile kind soil topsoil loam loam special kind soil mixture sand clay silt humus humus remember consists organic materials decayed remains plants animals layer soil called subsoil subsoil differs color topsoil lighter color subsoil consists rock particles lacks nutrients humus found topsoil try growing plant topsoil plant subsoil think difference growth plants beneath subsoil layer rock loose rocks sizes layer solid layer bedrock bedrock solid part earth crust foundations skyscrapers large buildings set bedrock look slice soil topsoil subsoil rocks sizes finally bedrock soil scientists call slice soil profile
water treasured natural resources water living things soon die plants animals need daily supply water taking water infrequently intake water necessity plants animals live need water drinking essential nutrient bodies water helps regulate body processes important body builder fact makes large part human body thirds body water water important ways homes water bathing laundry sprinkling lawns washing cars steam heating systems air conditioning units factories businesses billions gallons water single takes gallons water produce ton finished steel water runs turbines big hydroelectric power plants goes processes manufacturing goods sorts water irrigation helped reclaim soil useless tool conservation twenty million acres land irrigated united states deal water surface earth fact oceans cover cent earth surface ocean water useless miles miles lakes rivers streams draw water
minerals earth add comfort safety health coal petroleum natural gas iron ore copper ore ores thousand loss minerals change significantly case water natural resources inclined minerals granted hard believe someday coal oil oil wells coal fields exhausted careful mining helps conserve coal iron ore deposits oil companies constantly searching fields ocean dig oil materials developed plastics products steel atomic energy makes coal oil essential fuels water minerals earth evenly distributed country minerals needs modern living country depends countries minerals uneven distribution makes mineral resources wisely earth atmosphere air observed air big cities outlying communities polluted smoke factories exhaust automobiles fumes sources rise air pollution endangered health large cities country
kid neighborhood put saw spelled carla told spells cute yeah cute tries give boost spelling perfectly ordinary judy cute hate cute don hang cute actually don hang wheeled skate ready things stand talking cute kid moved headed park practice figures don mean brag roller skater city rink skating street skates fad kid neighborhood pair white red plaid laces red pompoms latest thing re worse wear skate nearly roller skating olympic sport ready content city freestyle roller skating championships held chance prove practicing fly high feeling
naturally didn neighborhood start wondering going rainbow roller hate admit wondering actually seen skate heard stories told flips stuff gymnastics lessons figured rich kids gymnastics lessons worried bit mad kid crowding city championships anyway didn need skates decided add extra freestyle routine knock eyes forward somersault knew risky wasn hottest thing wheels city wasn future rainbow roller started practicing fell lot legs bumpy black blue looked mountain road finally felt ready put somersault routine swore carla secrecy asked attempt told going jeez wouldn try gasped trouble carla think small think big difference weeks re going sidelines clapping rainbow roller champion pushed leaned curve spin real easy kind gliding
didn want watch freestyle routine forced gymnastics somersault thought crowd wild decided didn want left finished wait turn tried try somersault think knew deep couldn compete department wasn style known fancy footwork complicated figures speed turn minute heard music felt fly high feeling coming decided tell routine taking finished big smile face perfect freestyle routine judges thought looked high score didn realize won seen end routine seen sprawling ruining score suddenly saw bloody knees stomach rolled weird expected feel glad didn walked worrying say spoke don mind telling burned mean added quickly seeing tense words
let run annie hugging books chest taking turkey thanksgiving eve sister wasn running let miss bus wants ran faster middle dusty road miles school heap walking faster ran faster running dust rise higher higher held breath suddenly mouth opened sucked air ah hm ahhh hmmm dust philip arms wide circles beth couldn disappoint sweet philip run hmm dust nose throat wildly waved shouted loudest part voice bus coming farther going speck struck eye lie fresh grass side road wipe speck eye breathe country air didn lie didn stop going running reached reached blacktop wiped speck eye looked straight blacktopped road didn bus asked philip struggling breath philip looked didn
reckon funny funny funny mister philip hall shouted philip jumping bale hay yes say afraid tigers don soul seen tiger randolph county afraid word knows words bite words scratch re tiger hunter philip hall fraidy cat lot worse sissy thursday ma looked sickly home school friday thing home saturday philip birthday party saw tiger hunters driven gordon pa blue pickup truck telling happy wouldn spend perfectly ice cream money stupid guitar pick low dumb bum truth matter wasn happy wasn happy noontime ma pa brother luther sister anne eaten washed fancy dressed town busy bee saw bonnie turned head moment saw mad bonnie hey speak turning face promised phil invite birthday party didn
night cold morning coming sleep woke thinking heard untamed cry gorilla breakfast table pa sunday dressed suit polka dot tie sat smiling real pleased dropped spoons sugar top huge steaming bowl oatmeal sat busy explaining outwitted low turkey thief kerosene lanterns notice ma noticed pot ladle bowl turned look pa eugene lambert haven check flock folks oughta counting turkeys counted devil don messing place light pa beginning kitchen door began thinking pa put stop door looking strange dozen planet floating kitchen ask directions eugene shouted ma rushing side ailing shook head force sure trying shake troubles maybe missing ma clasped hands lord don tell suppose earn living asked pa making sound complaint question
fancy annie brought baby benjamin porch sat beg pardon interrupted thoughts played month nibbly toes told decided randolph county veterinarian miss elinor beat anne piece meat mouth hunk pot roast lodged throat sighed smart burden folks don eat meat called vegetarians going study college animal doctor veterinarian anne kitchen ma standing cookstove anne spoke listen younger daughter farmer wife teacher beth sir special going college vegernarian veterinarian corrected wrong ambition ma placing cover cast iron skillet lord jesus aplenty supper overheard ma talking proud decided pa remarked half heap money heap money don earn kind money days asked knew earning college money teacher easier earn money acquire education
walked grandma grassless path sudden thought sees unexpectedly door think bringing bad news grandma mite worried calvin cook senior released jail stayed hidden bushes friend philip walked front step knocked hard wood door moment wait knocked harder didn answer hiding ask walk wasn hanging clothes wasn sat piece shady grass side road making bets coming grandma grandma wasn room speck doubt saw arm waving truck open window fifteen minutes later viewing distance stand stabbed windshield damn fool cows bunched stand re dairy cows explained philip natural explanation brought west pasture milking percent complete stop truck flailing arms set revolving sockets shew shew dumb cows
pa drove pocahontas main street spotted rest pennies leaning yellow block pa turned car angle parked front cash carry market pennies saw walking shook heads wrong mean wearing uniform carrying wrapped fish newspaper show believe seeing anyway re wearing lazy finish embroidery bonnie began saying ordinary washing powder kinds re talking radio esther interrupt interrupted say water barely warm losing patience talking understanding babbling mild soap barely warm water suddenly ginny whipped grocery bag white shirt shrunk embroidery lettering longer readable talking talked wasted efforts talked wasted money talked understand caused shrinkage listen suddenly bought honest faith didn turn bit busy bee explain situation give money
thing knew jones boys jordan joshua standing explaining pig progress weight inches thinking pig going grow full size hog jordan joshua finish explaining double js truly amazing finished explaining philip hall smiled folks saving fixing call sweet thing didn wave hands tells club calf madeline going act surprised embarrassed began named female calf leonard leonard act girl leonard brave bull smart couldn believe hearing low told leonard grown giving milk leonora leonard laughed president didn find remarks bit amusing didn wait laughing end going talk leonard ten days wouldn put mouth mother milk rubbing milk soaked grain nose naturally lick tricked leonard liking grain philip paused let sink fine calf raiser waved hands bouncing chair
noticed tiger hunters leonard stall wouldn hard smart girl guess tiger hunters advising re going beat held madeline tail lengthwise brush half bald brush don aim let walked barn calling judging commence gave madeline brush backside unwrapping secret weapon package peppermint lifesavers sweet breath hurt took spit freshened mouth mite line began moving counted boys wouldn leading parade wearing leather harness holding head high clothesline funny liking leonard liking philip hall walked backward face animals seeing heads high mighty leastways judge looking ring bits pieces applause broke spectators judge motions stays center ring watches motions round rosie clapping louder longer thought piece clapping belong felt proud
folks flooded show ring ma reach hugging holding distance look blue ribbon looks knowed beth couldn prouder mama dropping head shoulder couldn tear begun irritating eyes happy set fretting pulled took look saying phil gonna mad forever don think asked beginning believe don strutting saying things don believe couldn howdy miss beth called pa grabbing waist giving free swing fancy annie holding baby benjamin took arms showed thanks drooling kiss cheek lot pleasanter sour milk shoulder thing noticed friends dropping knee formed circle family madeline called bonnie ty pen ty pen ty pen
rabbit hopping field wanted drink saw looked sudden jumped rushed running fox called running terrible beast rabbit ears whiskers jump fox afraid ran rabbit ran ran met bear happened cried bear told bear beast ran met sorts animals big small ran running met lion saw afraid step going roared lion told beast lion won believe animals begged cowards growled lion follow animals shook fear didn want lion angry lion beast let lion looked roared anger saw beast shaggy mane looking lion roars grew louder louder beast roared lion dug earth paws shook mane beast lion
paul bunyan started logging camp maine winter blue snow cold winter turned blue snow snow hit ground turned bluer birds mixed thought ground sky paul found birds moving wings snow thought flying color leave jay birds bluejays paul cows mixed gave blue milk blue snow snowed colder paul words froze mouth pull pair pliers spoke warm lumberjacks grew beards chins toes soon tripping beards paul rule beard feet beard tucked inside boots sure happy winter paul spoke cook hot biscuit slim lumberjacks re quick lightning clear mile forest faster crack egg feed feed lots hot biscuit slim tasty pancakes big took eat paul eat pancakes sitting
james woke saturday thought wish let sun shining west street fair james waited week wanted perform magic tricks block james opened eyes sunlight shining blue curtains dressed hurried breakfast table mother kitchen looked sad james tell aunt susan passed night sick father uncle give hand cousin robert mom today street fair magic tricks james cried sorry james understand feel today cousin needs mom mother put foot james silent robert house thought magic tricks perform arrived robert opened door eyes red mom won coming james saw scared robert put arm robert let room magic tricks show home hours later james hug father james proud helped cousin lot
miller son driving donkey road planned sell fair met group young fun walking ride donkey father boy donkey walked boy riding father walked ashamed boy bade father ride walked met scolded father riding son walked father took boy donkey met told angrily able carry able carry trying father son donkey tied legs pole began carrying entered town crowd gathered laughed father son donkey disturbed noise kicked free fell river drowned walking market carrying milk head making happy plans future money milk eggs eggs produce chickens grown sell market money money buy splendid clothes thinking beautiful gowns gave toss head milk spilled ground
history tap ulysses grant mighty big job didn luck jobs tried half dozen important thing gave whined grant early trained tough business hanging black hopeless passed course school hard knocks grant odd professional soldier place liked army quiet sensitive nature war war service paid attention took fort donelson garrison suddenly famous public weary generals fell excuses hung word character molded buffets earlier revealed red moment sudden danger panicked grant cooler desperate confused situation keener concentrated energy times thought fast straight clearly fought lincoln fought grant didn hold textbook tactics applied common sense mechanics war generals wondering napoleon appomattox white house troubles
williams heavyset forty kindhearted farmer lived fork road small town called corners traveled red white story brick home difficulty making turn front young dick johnson load hay overturned road dick red headed boy fifteen upset appealed williams help williams told forget troubles dinner family williams assured dick dinner finished youngster dick hesitated insisted needed help immediately didn think father didn immediately farmer williams persisted finally persuaded dick dinner family mrs williams farmer young blonde wife prepared delicious chicken dinner mashed potatoes biscuits honey blueberry pie dick delightful eating talking williams twins blond fifteen feet tall warren left handed called warren resembled mother coloring number freckles finished dinner dick williams family left table dick felt expressed appreciation family hospitality told sure father wouldn
twenty bob peary thought blinding ice cold naked top ate store strength exercised harden body read gain knowledge help reach north pole bob peary expect find trip look feel ice cap learn stay alive barren land trip took farther crossed greenland north stood looking arctic ocean prove eyes greenland island pinned gold medals chest history wrote books stop bob peary going arctic fought inch feet froze toes amputated taste dog taste failure getting older gathered strength try ship stuck floes continued sledge frozen sea matt eskimos stood place north south higher pole find bob peary country person seek higher goal needs told bob peary found
thanksgiving small plane reached latitude american flag tumbled imaginary spot called south pole person rear admiral richard byrd born adventurer kind person wants horizon kind look bit farther looked pole beginning frontier lifeless continent half big europe waiting discovered thousands miles coast charted ice unbelievable riches set nature gigantic laboratory scientists experiment find million things wanted weather earth dick byrd times bottom gazed unknown area human history months lived terrible ross ice shelf thought person survive death lurked cold dark silent kingdom give secrets america beginning bred unknown look tame later continent labor saving device cure disease things country owe restless questing americans dick byrd content turned unknown known
thought jack truck driver rapid transport company spots worst yes poor spot thought predicament realized smart gently eased big truck low gear heard grating sound top truck stopped slid gear reverse hear grinding sound doubt stuck cab truck wedged highway overpass busy highway metropolis thought sufficient clearance started overpass sign read clearance feet inches truck thought loaded height fourteen feet stuck realized loaded higher originally thought problem cars lined honking exasperation blocked single highway lane going bridge trouble started early morning docks port premier office rapid transport company told dock pick load general merchandise machine parts metropolis working hard loaded truck boxes high
personal writing writing includes types genres choose record thoughts observations experiences letter diary journal informal essay autobiography forms writing share important element emphasize personal writer purpose personal writing re create experiences ideas impressions valuable form choose personal writing storehouse events places emotions forgotten storing observations thoughts writers personal writing source ideas genres formal essays novels poems plays important characteristic personal writing natural style basic style personal writing casual conversational audience private diary audience friends letter public journal general audience addressed personal essay autobiography personal writing stiff formal language daily speech personal writing filled specific details vivid descriptions re create experiences readers general personal writing lively colorful chapter read types personal writing journal personal essay learn skills personal writing improve powers observation descriptive abilities natural writing style passages welsh poet dylan thomas essay titled reminiscences childhood read listen writer natural conversational language notice specific details town thought fought sandhills rough boys dared climb scaffolding half built houses soon called beaches
energy inspired rooks horses lean bare backed downs moth fluttering side side square window pane help watching conscious queer feeling pity possibilities pleasure morning enormous moth part moth appeared hard fate zest enjoying meagre opportunities full pathetic flew vigorously corner compartment waiting flew remained fly corner fourth spite size downs width sky smoke houses romantic voice steamer sea watching fibre thin pure enormous energy thrust frail diminutive body crossed pane fancy thread vital light visible small simple form energy rolling open window driving narrow intricate corridors brain human beings marvellous pathetic tiny bead pure decking lightly feathers set dancing zigzagging show true nature
states preceding paragraph romantic looking based feeling fact contrast classic viewpoint points comparison romantic classic modes terms masculine feminine describe viewpoints point point method items compared separated likenesses differences discussed item writer moves point method specific points comparison differences parts subtle need special explanation emphasizing similarities parts comparison paragraph point point comparison discuss silent film comics charlie chaplin buster keaton read notice specific point comparison stars charlie chaplin buster keaton began vaudeville comics later moved successful careers silent film comedy known millions film characters projected unique comic vision chaplin tramp bowler twirling cane teetering walk appealing figure impoverished gentility innocence assets decency faith orderly universe film personality keaton called distinguished somber stony expression seen ordinary surprise joy sorrow chaplin keaton humor grows incongruity situation comic character response
sources equally reliable valuable topic modern zoo limit sources written ten reason emily animal gardens resource author reputation expertise considered discover authors respected noting references sources end books articles reveal works respected important understanding topic addition consider audience source intended articles popular general magazines authority articles written specialized journals quotation zoos audubon publication audubon society carries weight travel feature zoos appearing teen fashion magazine survey resource begin taking notes preliminary outline guide reading book read chapter titles table contents topics listed index locate sections provide specific information topic scan magazine articles chapters books main idea noting headings subheadings italicized words read material notes recording read discover author explanation term entire chapter quickly summarized pages write note card put circled card number source card upper corner lifeboats source number note card information source circled number upper corner
group citizens organization called gasp trying pass ordinance limit smoking public places read brochure tries convince vote law organization save seals tries persuade member donate money promote organization lobbying killing baby seals fur editorial local newspaper tries persuade viewpoint community issue viewpoint evaluate arguments preceding persuaded practice critical thinker means asking questions proof says gain short believe read hear evaluating argument persuasive essay step determine writer position trying persuade able identify reasons support writer position evidence offered support reason sure mind aspects persuasive writing studying aware language appeal emotions reasons support writer position appeal reason emotions alert fallacies flaws reasoning process persuasive devices card stacking glittering terms clearly defined author language easy understand
writing draft persuasive essay consider especially tone introduction body conclusion begin write mind tone persuasive essay formal informal usage slang contractions inappropriate avoid highly technical terms absolutely sure define terms loaded words effect especially trying motivate audience action sure argument based emotional appeals general tone persuasive essay factual objective depending appeals logic appeals emotion beginning persuasive essay capture reader attention try persuade idea find point agreement place begin suppose angela writing paper support proposition school extended summer weeks vacation essay editorial school newspaper knows students oppose idea twelve month school angela knows readers hostile outset presenting argument finds common meeting ground complicated computers common adding machines typewriters ordinary citizens understand basic economic theory run risk savings depleted fluctuations economy informed advantage advances medicine health care
society filled possibilities entertainment books movies television records magazines concerts art exhibits fact spend waking hours entertained performances artistic endeavors money partake entertainment important choices decide books read movies art exhibits visit help choices publishers magazines newspapers staffs reviewer job critical judgments movies books television shows sources entertainment able critically evaluate reviews help choices spending entertainment dollars chapter learn critical reading skills evaluate reviews review revue critical report evaluation book movie play television show art exhibit types reviews information subject critical analysis purpose review pass judgment subject merit successful reading reviews requires variety reading skills levels purposes reading reviews determine kind review want read information want acquire money showing movies want read longer review reviewer trust completely hand invited movie want idea expect source review read careful reading review
words simply provide additional information carry connotations readers review term describe writer director invented applied techniques unorthodox nontraditional techniques resulting experimental form format additional works term simply adds information readers judgments strong feeling experimental works reader read review movie reader read review movie bad hates movies reviews give plot book movie considerable attention words selected describe important plot complex reviewer telling story line difficult follow say effort required follow plot worth reviewer describes plot tedious meaning boring judgment important consider connotation easy necessarily mean hard necessarily mean bad review horror movie warning reviewer tell movie tries word choices help decision movie read review answer questions follow
review isolated negative statements evaluating reviewer critical aspects book movie admiring case michael bishop review anderson fantasy children portion review follows read excerpt discussion anderson tweaked wrapping cloak venerable saga spinner afraid belike naught save especially occur exposition dialogue reek midnight oil sweat perfume courtiers anderson terms correctly course wish refrained hasten add quibble minor children pretty overcomes idiosyncratic failing genuinely moving story rich wrought backdrop fourteenth century europe anderson undoubtedly fantasy comprehend full extent praise preceding excerpt reviewer michael bishop criticizes writing style anderson specifically word choice intent negative criticism prevent reader review reading fact criticism directed anderson michael bishop saying look write stories future don mess word choice
knowledge adjectives identify adjectives passages short story dress virginia woolf remember count articles write twenty adjectives sheet paper order feel dowdy decrepit horribly dingy fly making robert haydon stop hear say reassure poor weak kneed phrase showing detached witty feel course robert haydon answered polite insincere saw instantly directly book lies lies lies party makes things real real thought saw flash bottom robert haydon heart saw saw truth true drawing room false miss milan workroom terribly hot stuffy sordid smelled clothes cabbage cooking miss milan put glass hand looked dress finished extraordinary bliss shot heart write paragraphs condensed version brain carl sagan underline forty adjectives determine word adjective ask modifies noun pronoun features adjectives sure classify adjectives nouns pronouns modify nouns selection carl sagan discusses popular interest unexplained phenomena bermuda triangle ufo ancient astronauts
sheet paper list italicized adverbs order occur selection adverb write verb adjective adverb modifies paragraphs walden nineteenth century american naturalist writer henry david thoreau adverbs italicized pail water early morning frequently saw stately bird sailing cove rods endeavored overtake boat dive completely lost discover till part match surface commonly rain paddling north shore calm october afternoon days especially loons settle lakes milkweed looked vain pond loon suddenly sailing shore middle rods front set wild laugh betrayed pursued paddle dived nearer dived direction fifty rods surface helped widen interval laughed loud reason maneuvered cunningly half dozen rods surface turning head coolly surveyed water land apparently chose course widest expanse water greatest distance boat
summer raced noticed heavy frosts yellow leaf competed gray squirrels nuts fell burst laughter squirrel darted tree chattered outrage nuts scolded squirrel twitched tail scampered hole hollow tree watched filled basket yellow leaf needs care snug home food fuel winter freed horse find food hoped find horse spring desire companionship satisfied constant hunger food drink lessen yellow leaf yearned days blizzard yellow leaf returned line traps lake clumsy heavy furs wore protect bitter cold kneeling groaned fatigue slipped bundle frozen game turned stir fire traps hard find fresh snow catch small rabbits young wolf later yellow leaf knelt fire cooking bits meat flames startled soft cry pile game thawing fire poked pile stick leaped wolf stirred feebly stared bared sharp teeth growls rumbled deep throat indian girl crouched raised stick crept closer aim crushing blow animal head stood helpless wolf yellow leaf suddenly shaken brave helplessness stricken animal eyes
coldest part arctic zone eskimos legend tell winter nights worst story woman lived northernmost part alaska lived unable hunting fishing lived neighbors gave poor village neighbors spare hungry lonely morning heard noise sounded child crying longer ignore found bundle matted fur ice baby polar bear mother caught managed crawl hunters kill helplessness cub moved woman lonely heart thinking care carried gave scraps saving meal ate eagerly yawned fell asleep longer cared cub child half food result hungrier happy eskimos catch village part woman cub feast days hungry woman survived cub fat grew lean tall important thing disappeared night woman sleep child child moaned morning cried cry joy cub returned fine catch salmon
surprised harley part school play saying happy harley actor say wants change play part bigger creativity calls play spring days put play harley talked bradley drama coach letting rewrite act opening night harley rest trouble remembering lines big scene didn harley worked dog story dog barked drowned harley star night actor audience hear count dog list play bulletin board saw part harley play thing important part person course play thing john frown thinking want play possibly don leave answering started making notes clipboard clipboard supposed look broadway director play fairy tale hansel gretel going put small children saturday afternoon harley witch girl part stage big idea famous actor someday hansel pushes witch oven
village noise rush city lived poor woman son arose dawn gather twigs nearby mountains sun arose boy carrying bundles marketplace mother thatched hut attend duties money firewood bought oil rice vegetables eggs small amount meat noon home exception daily simple morning marketplace usual crowd bargaining purchase twigs waited patiently suddenly caught sight small bag lying twigs dropped looking hastily bag saw coins waiting longer hurried home early today mother asked luck found bag coins firewood wasn sold bag replied mother son eagerly opened bag count coins amounted fifteen unhappy loss sighed son return owner need buy rice oil owner family starving added trying persuade hurry ma seen owner give money stay spot found money wait comes looking don feel keeping coins insist
thing george dixon expected wanted meet apartment seventeenth floor huge dane tennis ball mouth professor werner called george opened door thing greeted dog knocked wall play dog dixon minute professor apartment dog dog wanted throw ball galloping bring george lot mind playing dog friends werner archeology class tried job turned turn wanted rehearse speech dog jumping furniture dropping soaked tennis ball clothes idea george took slimy ball held fido re smart throwing ball george rolled gently floor satisfaction watched roll low chest front open window dane bounded room tail knocking vase flowers table dog stop slow sudden horror george watched leap floor cleared top chest stretched flying gentle rain lit streetlights huge dog sailed rainy darkness century george body dog float air slowly sank sight falling rain
reggie stanley glides center ice building speed blades skates flash silver knives picking rays spotlight tracking smooth surface reggie lifts arms reach legs stretch wide midair giant step spring whirls half times space coming ice reggie lands lightly skate moving backward sound clapping hands arena rings air takeoff leap landing perfect reggie smile sound clapping mind totally performance begun skates drawing applause routine trim foot inch teen leaves ice minute minute packed beauty excitement reggie rest face shows joy feels crowd applause smile matches worn coach donald laws shakes reggie hand says look easy guess jumps spins look easy figure skating re supposed look reggie answers bends untie skates routine put coach spends month coach laws spend weeks getting routine competition believe adds laughing hard reggie string ice triumphs eastern national beginner championships united states beginner title hopes national junior crown international competitions crushed ankle injuries discouraged kind setback expect reggie says ready senior competition
scene tiger stadium detroit occasion series game history game introduced national anthem sung start game series sounded jose strummed guitar sang soul version star spangled banner high tenor voice feeling spirit thought sung national anthem crowd stunned applaud thought sung unpatriotic ball game baseball season ended talk handling national anthem wanted jose soon learned jose special modern music half professional young puerto rican climbed poverty success story jose rags riches story determination courage jose born blind jose sons born family poor farming district puerto rico jose father quit trying earn living soil family moved york city area known spanish harlem remained poor children laughing fun jose blind protected parents cut fun ball games play learn amuse early radio music important jose learned play concertina guitar popular singers jose heroes
group called youth action held track meet brooklyn york thirteen cheryl toussaint watch meet sitting stands friends cheryl found exciting speed runners yells cheers spectators fun watching races meet officials arranging order final events open race girls announced meant girl present starting line compete didn belong track team cheryl loved run street school yard local playground wanted enter held girls watching meet run fast cheryl friends teased give try ahead don chicken dare cheryl accepted challenge wearing dress pair sandals friend wearing sneakers swapped shoes cheryl girl changed track shorts lent jeans cheryl hundred yard dash cheryl remembered didn didn hundred yards stood line person dungarees person sneakers didn start standing straight marks set ran qualifying heats run cheryl told finals held shortly waited cheryl began wonder enter finals reason began hurt hip area didn understand
lydia darragh busily making buttons son john coat fourteen boy stood waiting finish husband william thoughtfully smoking pipe fireplace november morning spreading chill room fire lit wood hard british town shutters darraghs windows open passing officer british headquarters street fellow philadelphian welcome glance household knew darraghs quakers quakers peace war violence knew strongly darraghs disliked british invaders lydia sewed tucked scraps paper buttons thought simple find enemy supplies number troops facts gathered put code william son charles stationed general washington figure messages finished sewing buttons coat lydia helped john looked closely buttons neatly covered material coat smiled suspect held secret message careful lydia warned don worry caught answered confidently watched son leave door lydia help worrying true john hard catch chipmunk knew bush hiding hole american army danger seen british patrol teaching husband getting chair
wait minute dry hands hot stove believe look president rolling scones mean presidents discover kitchen tell let stir soup tell happened frankie flake friend mine started thing dark ago signaled meet class listen need help badly breathed standing front locker stuffing potato chips mouths told mrs chisholm lives help dinner party tonight mind cook kitchen home let tell coming family twelve drawbacks want asked frankie called mrs chisholm morning asked bring help asked re friend frankie muttered ate potato chip cooking kitchens food eating yes cooking arrived chisholms house clock start making radish flowers frankie mrs chisholm tossing bunches radishes counter dining room explain wanted table set ducked kitchen silverware poor frankie bent counter lots funny looking objects front saw radishes dirty untrimmed stuck toothpicks bottoms
woodward remember waking hard summer mornings touched bright sunlight wanted waking moments find darkness dreams couldn remember felt father told infants young children early riser ago mornings noisy howls father eliot woodward asked mother love peace sunday morning children begin want sleep morning schools starts proved eliot woodward hated morning victor brother hand mother dark cold winter finally crawl consciousness find victor awake dressed feeding animals reading school sitting side bed rubbing eyes trying wake wonder mother brother freaks mumble monsters mother task getting school school mornings contest wills left scarcely speaking actually door course home afternoon forgotten trouble morning weekend locked struggle thirteenth birthday father bike mother birthday card
kathy ruiz paused skinner market going mind happened needed job skinner didn need workers store busiest town slowly walked street joe menendez kathy boyfriend stacking boxes big market town single car stood parking lot kathy tried look disappointed getting job joe understood glenn wife hospital maybe tonight inside market shoppers pushed carts aisles single checker rang groceries joe stopped meat counter glenn held beef roast customer price pound high glenn saying prime beef skinner prime beef customer replied sell prices sorry glenn kathy thought poor ask job joe spoke quickly glenn slowly put roast case studied kathy face minute answered help joe tonight staying return hospital gracias kathy thanks getting paid hours winter ruiz family stayed pacific northwest picking season ended returned texas kathy father found job lumberyard lasting job migrant worker father dream mother longed home place kathy brothers sisters wouldn change schools times joe gave kathy bucket showed wash windows plate glass streak
drive car learn drive soon driver license pass test pass test show drive car show laws road driver education course teach drive things learn highway safety graphs charts course show facts driving small space graph give facts words graph information glance easily compare facts graph look line graph page graph police department title tells kind information graph shows number highway accidents occurred speeds left side graph numbers count number accidents bottom graph row numbers counted numbers show speed accidents happened notice colored line goes left graph line shows relationship number accidents speed miles hour point colored line stands fact look point marked put index finger column speed miles hour move finger left number accidents number finger yes number accidents
today dancing class tv teacher directed move chairs desks side room started warm ups bending stretching sitting floor touching foreheads knees sort thing mom trying telling start young anyway teacher voice told exactly real person screen drawing figure showing movements groaning friend things easily moved flower wind tall neck thin body watching movements watching tv figure found easier nice look face smooth grown don describe eyes quiet face looked discovered beautiful person remembering joy quiet happy class usual amount facing class ended red light started blink saw light looked sitting floor breath look face suddenly changed eyes deep tell going say important sat waiting leaned forward loud whisper listen kids stick word looked moving heads
moon tonight moon stars clouds tipped moonlight fall wind blowing heart evening fading sky saw geese flying southward going home try study pages driving southward going home valley heavy mountains holding night sky mountains home home peace beat drums blue winds dancing snow fields indian lodge fill home wisconsin home winter holidays home mountains school california fall hides valleys winter comes mountains trees grow rows palms stand stiffly roadsides groves orange trees planted military rows endlessly bear fruit beautiful yes beauty order rows growing things beauty captivity pine fighting windy hill beautiful land home home beautiful calm hurry driving race knows ending goal classes teachers talk talk stop hear words students constant peering whirlpool mind worries grades honors preparing anxiety place thing called society hear ring axes deep woods crunch snow beneath feet
ago possum tail comb brush hair beautiful tail proud tail combed morning animals dance song tail rabbit tail thought possum proud wanted play trick possum soon dance animals rabbit job tell news rabbit stopped possum house ask dance possum yes special place sit beautiful tail need sit rabbit thought fine rabbit comb possum tail dance possum pleased rabbit ran cricket cricket fine hair cutter rabbit told cricket morning possum tail ready dance told cricket morning cricket possum house ready dance possum pleased possum sat put tail shut eyes cricket began possum tail combed cut hair cut cricket tied red bows tail hold loose hair place
clothes look funny happens growing clothes look smaller pat learned play ball plays ball picked play sentences pat happened pat picked play picked play plays ball clue words words help happens knowing happens help understand read read story find happens jan jan likes read reads fast reads books week jan lives close library walk monday jan didn library sick jan wanted book read asked mother library jan mother brought home book jan read jan read books week answer find word sentence clue word helps happened jan read books reads fast jan walk library answer find word sentence clue word helps happened jan lives close library walk didn jan library monday
nico early grandpa coming visit grandpa perfect likes things makes visits extra special grandpa plays flute try sound flute voice flute lessons grandpa play flutes grandpa love run play ball tree house grandpa visited mom took pictures grandpa early thursday start ready grandpa visit mom leaves pick dad bed dad smiling sits moment says grandpa sick hard walk talk mom give extra help visit don believe tell dad remember grandpa big strong climb apple tree climbed carrying wood believe sick feel knot growing inside true grandpa sick true true fun grandpa help school lessons climb top tree house things play dog hudson grandpa share secrets
stay ground planet asked beth look feet raspberry special kind magnet feet beth chip dot special magnets don magnets float air planet tell raspberry hold thank beth holding raspberry hand floating door beth walk special magnets feet feel balloon grinning floating fun want walk beth raspberry spaceship moment need computer idea spaceship beth asked computer strong glue beth glued shoes top chip glued shoe top dot taking raspberry hope idea beth ready beth held door spaceship robots stepped shoes top let beth robots magnets worked stuck ground beth idea worked float air idea beth asked cute friends want meet funny earth raspberry looking beth top robots
adam david chipmunks friends lived stream put log stream bridge visit visited early morning adam heard loud noise bump rushed window saw david taking acorns trunk adam stored acorns winter saw david put acorns sack adam understand david taking acorns david adam friend later adam crossed log bridge david house looked window david enjoying tea acorns chatting chipmunk adam knew acorns david adam disappointed disappointed felt awful angry adam angry ran log pushed bumped log fell stream home sulk week adam sulked tea ate acorns disappointed missed david david longer friend early morning adam heard bump knock door hello beaver looking yes adam told david acorns want build tall fence yard want put lock trunk acorns
jacob birthday days birthday celebrate celebrate party celebrated surprise jacob stay house afternoon say smile smile mother cake candles jacob mother cake candles sang happy birthday sang jacob smiled handed card printed neat friend jacob helps wanted help decided knock jacob walk house knows stand door sees lets wish jacob knock door heard mother say decided help learn tell jacob forget open door walk mother maybe hard felt bad jacob helped wanted help tell forget matter jacob maybe hard matter sam jacob asked matter jacob
ago lived donkey helped miller donkey carry large sacks grain didn want longer afraid happen donkey took open road legs walked decided beautiful bray travel bremen town join band musicians donkey traveled noticed dog resting road run matter asked donkey resting moaned dog needed run place welcome join donkey going bremen town musician bray bark beautiful music dog glad traveled road cat moaning side road looked tired sad matter donkey bad moaned cat getting chase mouse eyes teeth longer needed run
green street home animals grassy place homes farm trees find animal neighbors homes quiet close look find animal homes find animal homes green street homes mud grass twigs animals build homes ground trees homes ground homes sleeping storing food caring young look branch tall peach tree find bird nest birds nests straw grass twigs mother rabbit bunny home rabbits homes grassy places find food hide young spring rabbits eat grass flowers winter eat twigs bark trees homes pick rock find bugs living finally tiny chipmunk chipmunks live ground homes room store food quiet follow path find kinds homes careful ground stony look mother duck ducklings happily swimming cool water home pond pond smaller lake water ducks build nests grassy land pond
lives pond look large flat brown tail showing water pond beaver building home sticks mud home hole water part home sits water dry quiet place beaver sleeps animals live farm green street farm land grow plants animals family lives farm takes care farm animals farmer grows corn beans carrots grows plants feed animals family dog house yard dog puppy names painted door house barn kind home farm lives barn let inside quiet cool smells straw ground hard stony cows horses live barn cows horses helpful animals cows helpful give milk horses helpful farm lives barn mouse running straw lives barn farm animals dark place warm quiet makes home mice pigs live barn happily rolling mud mud makes thick coats feel cool hot
mama jill called mama mother hurried bedroom wrong past bedtime asleep jill peeked beneath blanket big gray alligator bed whispered jill mother think plain bad dream sleep dear walked bedroom jill hear alligator teeth click click clicking jill frightened dad called dad need dad minute matter asleep asked jill hid beneath blanket asleep big gray alligator hiding bed whispered dad plain alligator nt bed don imagine things jill gave jill kiss moment later left bedroom suddenly jill heard alligator teeth making awful clicking sound frightened plain dreaming dream alligators jill quiet shouted help frightened big gray alligator bed uncle harry peeked heard clicking noises coming room jill peeked beneath blanket alligator whispered uncle harry folded arms sat chat jill asked alligator george uncle harry alberta jill
castle king mouse called meeting mice discuss important problem welcome brave mice king mouse whispered shy mouse called brave brave afraid afraid grumpy mouse afraid tiny bit frightened silly mouse safe wise mouse afraid quiet let king mouse speak king mouse began called discuss safety yes figure mice whispered consider king mouse live beautiful castle warm large rooms castle eat leave food table eat joy fed danger hungry true mice whispered questioned king mouse pounded table order order solve problem enemy cat zap soon king mouse cat bounded room eyes green scary mouth angry scary teeth white scary grinned cat tail waved side side enemy need consider discuss pretty mice cat questioned discuss green scary eyes discuss big white teeth let consider hungry suddenly mice consider
wait wise mouse problem consider put bell cat collar shy mouse silly mouse consider silly plan put bell cat collar grumpy mice order plan bell danger signal king mouse order try wait prince mouse need order idea wow mice shouted joy wait cat asleep prince mouse give signal cat wearing bell safe prince mouse watched cat waited waited cat closed scary green eyes prince mouse crawled table pulling bell frightened scary close cat afraid move frightened stand cat scary green eyes opened wide suddenly cat jumped prince ran table leg hurry left bell silly mouse plan foiled wanted foil cat foiled shy mouse true whispered mice plan wise mouse plan solve problem wise mouse wait watch silly plan wise plan questioned silly mouse mice whispered silly plan
begin writing think asked write read think big point look prewriting ready write put ideas don stop writing happy ideas don worry making mistakes spell word writing ideas written ideas stop minutes read wrote think big point clear check paper shows asked write write friendly letter invitation write paragraph tell read wrote friendly letter friendly letter sounds friendly friendly letter parts date greeting body closing wrote invitation invitation tells inviting need invitation invited invitation wrote paragraph paragraph keeps idea called main idea sentence tells main idea tell sentence paragraph starts spaces left
show want proofreader marks show want paper help remember need change look proofreader marks marked need sheet paper write clean copy remember handwriting present share writing ways suggestions help addressing envelope send letter invitation mail put papers draw picture write title cover staple cover papers put book classroom library read stick puppets puppets act story written group class present class ways suggestions read paper class tell ideas explain write paper put papers class written bulletin board decorate edges bulletin board show papers class choose papers mount papers cardboard invite parents friends read handbook help moon things learn
solve problems evaluate judge information think questions read paragraph solve problem problem important solve problem ways solve problem solve problem minerva mouse buys food raccoon market minerva mouse market trips money falls pond market close soon home money mice swim minerva afraid water food mice home mice minerva family think ways minerva solve problem solve decisions think ways think questions read paragraph tell decisions decisions need help think list things deciding store lots pieces cloth class gave large piece size wall medium sized small pieces size books bag small pieces size peas think size sizes
bird showed bear game hide seek told bear hide called ten looking bear bird saw bear hiding try find bear bird played game sun bird home late moon bear looked sky moon let play game hide find bear ran fast ran tree getting tree ducked moon bear sat looked tree moon looking bear find hide bear shut eyes called bird light wind moved big cloud cloud floated moon hide bear called ten set find moon looked bear moon hiding house bear saw moon hiding tree called moon bear find big balloon bird bear help find moon asked bear yes help bird bear bird looked looked find moon
imagine want tell friend special want tell writing note mail note started write write note set mailed mailbox mail need things order things happen order reading learn happens find happens happens clue words help find order read sentences look clue words help find things happen rose today eggs breakfast friend school school rose played game mom dark rose read book dad happened clue word helps find happened find sentence begins sentence tells rose eggs breakfast happened clue word helps find happened find sentence begins clue word sentence tells rose friend school rose play game mom clue word begins sentence rose dark sentence begins read sentences find order things happen sky dark night cricket hiding place
nighttime sleeping bed animals sleeping moving let waking mouse steps home looks seeds chew looks berries baby opossums crawling mother soon move find baby opossums eat fruit eat berries mother find bugs baby opossums thing sets yellow eyes shine moon light raccoons look eat pond fish beavers working cut trees night beaver chews teeth branch tree beaver sticks teeth tree teeth chew tree tree falls porcupine sits high pine tree quills look pine needles porcupine smells sweet berries tree waddle bushes berries eating bush eat eat sky begins light night beavers pond raccoons tree porcupine tree spread branches night animals find places sleep sun animals start wake
geraldine goat live close place called window rock live friend rock called window rock big hole hole looks window open sky call friend say indian glee likes weave think wanted weave rug remember hot sun happening ground cutting wool pieces feel thing stay laughed cut wool looked funny feel wanted stay happen thing chop special plant chopped pieces pieces soap cleaned wool soap clean white say hung sun took large combs combs teeth combed piece wool told smooth yarn spinning started spin wool yarn beginning find takes rug shaped pulled shaped pulled wool started spinning piece stick shaping pulling spinning yarn began look fine smooth
children playing ball game try hit ball playing field look letters words colored balls word vowel letter read words tell sound stands letter vowel letter sound short sound vowel controlled vowel sound letters ar stand vowel sound hear word car letters stand vowel sound hear word vowels letter stand sound hear sound words bird turn read words word vowel sound hear word car word vowel sound hear words vowel sound letters stand controlled vowel sound read joe team words controlled vowel sounds read find words vowel letters vowel sounds words car girl turn joe liked playing ball sport liked joe played team joe job catch ball hit field joe put team shirt field play ball late game ball flew curve joe
kinds puppets kind hand puppet fingers puppet turn move talk hand puppet box cut line sides put fingers top practice moving mouth talk put colored paper box cut eyes paper add box puppet face cut curves red paper curves puppet lips add lips face cut yarn hair color hair add hair head puppet move talk puppet stick puppets stick move puppet place hands stage move stick puppet moves stage puppets hung lines stage puppets stand stage sees pull lines pull turn lines puppets dance jump perch things puppets look funny move kind puppet big dresses costume look animal costumes hides puppets poles hands moves puppet hands pushing pulling poles practice puppet show listen funny puppets talk show real stars show tell puppet friends
cold place soldiers walking soldiers walking hungry food eat soldier bed sleep walk walked faster front saw lights village find eat soldier place sleep share find village afraid soldiers soldiers hungry food ran hide food hid bit pushed bags potatoes straw put pails milk wells spread sheets carrots hid meat inside houses closed windows doors soldiers stopped house anne robert hello soldier share bit food hungry soldiers sorry woman hungry family eat days bad farmers shut door soldiers house belonged paul marie share bit food soldier asked marie straw night sorry marie
look picture asks picture say animals looks funny picture places read need story article words tell reading read find clues help sentence tell thing read word times sentences pictures help read sentences find sentences tells play story told costumes put play practice lines times practice stage audience laugh sentences tell sentences play sentence tells play puppets laugh puppets tell funny story puppets talk move audience laughs puppets sentences tell sentences puppets sentences tells puppets picture helps write books laugh books funny pictures tell funny things happen reading funny book fun sentences answer words read sentences find
bill cosby special funny job laugh likes making laugh likes helping learn bill cosby teaches jokes bill cosby busy busy telling jokes audience working tv cartoon shows writes tv shows keeps bill cosby busy bill cosby tv shows teach children read thinks needs able read shows bill cosby helps children learn read funny things sings dances makes learning read fun bill cosby helps laugh things show tells funny shirt children shows audience shirt shirt big colored flowers bill cosby puts funny tie children gave birthday bill cosby puts funny hat head hat lights lights shine dark funny looks ready bill cosby turns lights thanks children nice things give says kiss nice audience laughs bill cosby able age laugh tells joke voice face opens eyes wide moves nose voice learn bill cosby tv cartoon shows happens happens
want find girl picture wants birds live house think wants live enjoy birds wants live makes house birds finds wants characters story want try want read story find characters want reading characters want read find carlos wants wants spring carlos looks birds fly home carlos wants book birds find kinds birds sees track kinds birds sees school carlos works jobs door soon carlos able buy book wants carlos want sentences tells carlos wants book carlos want sentence tells carlos track birds sees book help carlos carlos wants read sentence tells carlos door carlos wants read sentence answer read paragraph find lynn wants wants
birds air madge asked teach build nest cleverest bird building nests madge began show birds build nest took mud kind round cake thrush thrush flew thrushes build round nests mud turtledove listening madge soft voice taffy turtledove call brought twigs nest spread twigs mud blackbird looked blackbird flew nest mud twigs blackbirds nests madge finished put mud twigs wise owl owl flew build nest owls nests turtledove listen taffy madge hear turtledove started weaving twigs nest brought feathers lined round nest fine starling starling flew begin nest starlings enjoy nice soft nests bird learned bit building nests bird stayed watch madge finish turtledove taffy
things happened debby tim mrs put feather house teacher coming live mrs pillows bed feather house closed door soft white feathers table mrs bags pillows stuff feathers mrs put feathers bag tim brought debby clapped hands feathers fly giggled cloud float feathers sailed floated table baby crying mrs wishing sleep finished feed hold debby tim put feathers soon remember close door yes tim tim stuffed feathers hold bag wide open sister screamed debby feather nose feels funny blow tim hold stirring feathers debby jumped waved pillow head feathers floated feather house looking snow stop stop shouted tim running debby trying catch screamed pulled opened door ran tim ran feather house debby ran field middle field tim caught
wrote story story tells happens beginning middle end tells happens order wrote directions directions tell steps making order words tell steps order description helps picture describing words help hear smell taste feel describing revise look wrote ask partner questions story beginning middle end story ending tell happened directions clear steps order description help picture writing revise look wrote ask partner questions sentences begin capital letters period question mark end sentence spell words correctly show want proofreader marks show want paper help remember need change look proofreader marks marked need sheet paper write clean copy remember handwriting
solve problems evaluate judge information think questions read paragraph solve problem problem happened important solve problem ways solve problem solve problem ron rabbit forgot today friend birthday present party school knows friend feel bad bring party leave school afternoon wants school think things ron solve problem decisions think important think questions read paragraph tell decisions need decision help decision list ideas help figure effect idea success want dog parents tell show able care dog read dogs watch dog shows tv extra care bike care sister hamster ideas decide
ask kind questions think need ask read tips help fran ask kind questions think need ask questions ask need think information decide questions lead information need fran detective hired unlucky find lost monkey mike ms needs ask kind questions find mike questions ask mike look unlucky pizza mike mike seen mike unlucky pets unlucky called unlucky compare things figure alike think questions read paragraph tell help beetle need find comparing help list thing comparing sure lists order likenesses differences decide likenesses differences important beetle decide friends dinner spider toad lady bug fly spider fly friends fly lady bug afraid spider toad toad eats lot don eat
mama schoolteacher taught youngsters lessons wagon traveled town town played small portable piano inside wagon sing stephen foster songs re water andrew water supplies cactus city nodded suppose andrew mysterious simply andrew perkins sounded mysterious pluck coins air turn hens eggs silk handkerchiefs adopted stage according custom show folks mysterious company family entertained settlers pioneers small towns west brand brightly painted show wagon carried tricks props trade full lacquered boxes trap doors secret compartments colored scarves silk ribbons velvet tables gold fringes cabinets strange vases tucked corner hutch white rabbits waiting pulled hats occasion mysterious pulled rabbits ten gallon cowboy hats mexican sombreros coonskin caps ladies bonnets pa printed handbills small hand press ahead posted walls fences announce show arrival handbills cactus city mysterious company present show clock sharp wagon stuck mud
mando found piece cloth square sail small mast night left moon shining water sea calm sail blew league rowed night rowing resting hands began hurt line surf showed white moon dawn coast mission ventura surf heavy west cliffs santa cruz santa rosa mando caught dorado surf tired clean ate strip jerky tortillas apiece wind swells coming northwest rowing easy smooth water reached kelp bed south point santa cruz worked kelp quiet cove moored boat strands kelp heavy anchor waded ashore carrying fish mando caught climbed cliff light southwest outline island blue dolphins looked clear noticed water calm santa cruz island blue dolphins shore traveled night horizon humps looked hills big waves
wasn edward wanted hear clutched stomach began wild dance bed father summoned neighbor doctor peters gave edward ointment heal welts opinion thing worse spending thanksgiving home edward thanksgiving dinner maine aunt carrie uncle warren aunt carrie worst cook england added loved cook carrie kitchen castle shared cook culinary skills closely matched husband warren thanksgiving warren roasted monstrous thing called twenty hour turkey preparations began clock thanksgiving eve aid alarm clock woke hour called basting produced bird family actually sampled turkey unsettling rumors trickled heard emerged oven charred shell cracked open father agreed spend thanksgiving home thoughtful looks edward considered trip lesser evils mother managed suppress bad news arrived subsequent letters maine warren learned going attempt biggest twenty hour turkey carrie planning gourmet menu thanksgiving dishes mind pilgrims plymouth rocks apparently stretched austria australia
king cornwall daughter sixteen course face dragon tales told royal nurseries twilight princess knew expect dragon eat course prince rescue princess help thinking pleasanter dragon rescued princes silly boys told father rescued prince dear king taking crown putting grass garden kings father darling princess presently daisy chain put king head crown father darling couldn tie silly princes dragon look kill dragon rescue prince fence princes unladylike idea king put crown saw prime minister coming basket laid bills sign dismiss thought child rescued mother dragon don want set hope
trail prince pointed rock scarred scratched track leading dark cave cart ruts sussex road mixed marks sea gulls feet sea sand look dragged brass tail planted steel claws don let think hard tail claws princess begin frightened tame kindness re frightened caught prince hand ran path dark mouth cave run dark stood prince shouted ho dragon ho cave heard answering voice clattering creaking sounded large cotton mill stretching waking sleep prince princess trembled stood firm dragon say dragon princess talk brought present yes presents growled dragon huge rumbling voice precious princesses suppose fight tell straight going fair fight wouldn say fair fight favour put fights lose
final visit hawaiian islands famous volcanic mountain tops unfortunately granted ordinary unlike channel islands hawaiian volcanic peaks pounded smooth action wind waves creating legendary sand beaches lofty peaks steep cliffs main islands southwestern end island chain lie miles southwest pacific ocean california coast truer island sea experience climate pleasant air temperatures averaging water temperatures warmer remember color experience hawaii experience color hawaiian islands course reached ship plane travelers arrive honolulu capital city island oahu met natives hang leis lavender white flowers necks honolulu busy port chief attraction waikiki beach waikiki series fine sand beaches rimmed towering palms modern hotels part surf events sand castle contests kite flying contests enjoy water joining surfers riding breakers brightly colored surfboard wish rent sailboat canoe picnic cruise island ride glass bottom boat don miss strolling beach sunrise sunset
dark figures crept frosty air breath cloud stood looking northward big plane broke horizon hills high flying lower foolishly chuck eddie started shout help hello help cried waving arms ran planes hasten sight coming sky empty planes circling boys stared broad cold sky pale wind streaks stirring ground setting feather curls snow running quick let big smudge lecia called voice loud fearful unaccustomed quiet threw water fire inside driving smoke hole boys set snowy woodpile burning smoke climb planes north hills coming fast maggie lifted lecia watch smoke hole tumbled higher plane opened waxy white bloom yucca settled snow smaller chutes bright poppies opening shouting talk shelter lecia hurrying children caps boots crawling shelter bag doctor light fire flashlight looked swiftly joanie olive considering unchanging face lifted lids eyes smiled response
hurry bilbo relieved think gollum going thought making excuse mean gollum talking thing dark lake wrong gollum mean angry hungry miserable wicked creature plan island bilbo knew hiding place wretched beautiful thing beautiful wonderful ring golden ring precious ring birthday present whispered endless dark days wants yes wants wanted ring power slipped ring finger invisible full sunlight seen shadow shaky faint birthday present birthday precious knows gollum present ages ago days rings large master ruled gollum wear till tired pouch skin till galled hid hold rock island going look
japanese hand begin voluntary training freezing cold mid january routine daily workouts designed ready usual february opening camp camp daily hour outdoor workouts indoor practice evening season hard training continues american players reduce pregame mid summer workouts means saving energy games japanese step believe extra beat heat japanese game strictly organized number rules meant train body mind players report practice fifteen minutes early private conversations field encourage teammates loud voice run moving place place clubhouse walls covered slogans spur players sacrifice real team master fate cry practice laugh games fulfill destiny exercise efforts americans notion player responsible performance field thing matters japanese system confining charlie manuel minnesota twin played japan experienced baseball manager call night sure bed call morning tell eat breakfast
word infuriating horribly hard say loud course known wouldn find rope known wouldn able toss branch anyway manage toss tie wouldn slip wouldn stop wanted idea stupid start heard spastic kid john clement sumner sittin gum tree garden hose fellow lift twelve feet air loop bough twelve feet fifteen feet inch ladder rack verandah dad pulled june scraped dead leaves gutters cleaned chimneys ladder strong ladder older john looked painted red tips rest varnished john hands ladder started dragging weighed ton heave mad house push thought hit end teetered edge rack pivoted sharply grasp whacked splitting sound ground
idea noticed small spruce growing cleft rocks devised tie piece rope tree fasten end waist fall ledge stumbled important chance sleep needed badly passed heat hunger unquenchable thirst hope search think looking cliffs mother eaglets return presence frightened eaglets seeing intention hurting friends allowed touch hungry taking knife cut small pieces rawhide rope fed act kindness removed vestige fear played allowed hold aloft flapped wings bravely lifted sun felt upward pull wings idea wings wings eagle brothers suddenly longer afraid knew die
morning horse found saddle bridle feet soberly cropping grass master gate ichabod appearance breakfast dinner hour ichabod boys assembled schoolhouse schoolmaster hans van began feel uneasiness fate poor ichabod saddle inquiry set foot diligent investigation traces part road leading church found saddle trampled dirt tracks horses hoofs deeply dented road evidently furious speed traced bridge found hat unfortunate ichabod close shattered pumpkin brook searched body schoolmaster discovered mysterious event caused speculation church sunday knots gazers gossips collected churchyard bridge spot hat pumpkin found budget legendary happenings called mind diligently considered shook heads conclusion ichabod carried galloping hessian bachelor debt troubled head anymore true farmer york visit account ghostly adventure received brought home intelligence ichabod crane alive left neighborhood partly fear goblin hans van partly mortification suddenly dismissed heiress
mysterious ride king forest trees oak ash elm beech grew tall undergrowth thick fern saw river shining sunshine saw king fallow deer standing motionless startled sun splotched shade birds late august silence bit yellow gray flitting leaves flash wings road adam saw trees close road edge cut hundred feet side law decreed heard steady plop plop horses hoofs drowsy suddenly shout arrow front bury head tree feet william moment arrow adam stuck quivering tree nearest william horse spirited promptly reared hind legs plunged backed fright confusion amid crashing undergrowth rode shouting woods robbers thought adam robbers happening leader wore full armor head toe encased chain mail caught sun gave hundred winking bits
instant occured adam free slid horse bent low ran belly lunged grabbed harp quick twist adam slid shoulder stuck foot hooked ankle jerked felt topple heard fall adam turned plunged headlong underbrush briars tore clothes bushes scraped cap shielding face arm bent ran close ground fast put foot plowing thick leafy growth dodging trees heard shouts arrow sang head doubled tripped root saw fell beech tree arching branches green tent head thinking feet hands knees elbows mind caught climbing beech tree swiftly silently cat sun mottled tangle leaves branches stretched flat big limb saw piece dead wood lodged cleft seized flung air fall snap rustle bushes twenty feet moment close adam trail stopped looking turned direction noise heard ferns saw stirring suspiciously
confusion sir adam ran stairs end hall solar looking missing knight searched chamber buttery cellar excitement search forgot free prisoners beat floor feet uttered muffled squeals call attention adam took knife wallet difficulty managed hack bonds merchant servants escaped postern heard coming cried william don waste looking moment shout drew windows found trail shouted sir adam walter hubert stay merchant goods safely road harry case trouble simon gerald rest stamping clanking clatter horses hoofs courtyard shouts thudding hoofs grass side moat walter hubert squires harry watched windows undisguised disappointment departure rest band walter turning caught red handed run wants head shoulders lady de vanished
inside kitchen barney mother talking miss elephant cracker contest complaint department miss son received prize delighted arrived promptly miss congratulations didn think course deserved entry wonderful spots smudges sticky trying say proud son mrs burns giving elephant crackers bye barney mother guess mom barney marvin elephant store buy peanuts elephants barney mother asked re exploring house barney moment drove jumped car saw front door lying ground noises hear elephants barney told re house kitchen asked waxed floors slippery afraid mess barney mother marvin running carrying jar grocery store didn peanuts peanut butter bread barney asked forgot bread marvin going put peanut butter barney asked going asked maybe find bread kitchen barney toast creamy chunky peanut butter asked creamy marvin chunky
polly enjoys job grocery store carries ingredients needed cookies family moved indiana started making fortune cookies polly chance meet interesting polly interesting job biggest business woman order polly hundred cookies woman advertising company print messages ads business polly baked cookies stuffed messages worked summer camp schedule baked free woman ordered cookies took convention orleans move hundred cookies shaker heights orleans breaking carefully woman bought extra ticket cookies seat cookies arrived intact show pleased customer bought polly charm fortune message inside thing polly likes job hard takes lot fill large order writing fortunes hardest part think special fortunes dozen cookes hour polly feels hard worth order finished customer happy polly feeling satisfaction successful cookie maker feel independent feeling confidence want buy
pleasant walking slowly street greta couldn find say ask questions break spell find empty clearing knew impolite question stranger reached end street spoke school church pointed white building end street neat church steeple shore curves bay find sorts things play church nice maybe sunday inside burying ground added rock folks die mountain buried let post road show shore wharf fish houses stores door yards small children playing greta saw seated ground fence child tripped sat heavily jolting indignant wail reached arm set small thing feet set gave comforting pat wail died suddenly slumped greta laughed children reached post road pointed shore fog lifting end wharf couldn hour ago
storms late season winter lambs born hard lambs young strong warm healthy big storms sick die storms lambing week flock split bunches maybe hundred sheep order care biggest brother bunch sheep wagon uncle bunch mesa uncle eli farm put stove shed took lambs cold bunch place mother lambs keeping warm box woodbox kitchen stove big fire going night bunch warm wouldn split separated night morning happened barnyard getting stovewood breakfast saw coming horse blackie brother gabriel place hour glad house hot food eat dry clothes rest didn look glad getting horse yelled goes
beethoven excited hoped mozart teacher beethoven vienna weeks sad news arrived mother ill dying return home bonn filled sorrow sadness soon mother death sister died father filled despair beethoven charge younger brothers karl johann beethoven worked hard court musician bonn means received money play compose music german royalty earned living brothers beethoven met master composer franz joseph haydn haydn vienna wanted beethoven study beethoven brothers finally twenty able leave vienna kindly haydn teacher living vienna dream true beethoven real career music begin later beethoven major musical published professional piano concert appearance famous able support selling performing music beethoven forceful loving lost temper believed true liked honesty lot friends vienna friends artists writers friends rich society
nights days passed moon grew fat grew thin grew fat grew thin skunk cabbages pushed green points ground jack pulpits stood boggy places big john turkle climbed log tried sunlight lavinia woke remember pass couldn remember meant pass evening spring moving cave smelled wet muddy singing pond jugs rum sung bullfrogs claimed water knee deep knee deep knee deep peeped constantly told saw peep peep say insects katy katy didn knew sure lavinia put fm echo locator scan put computer automatic ready bats coming frequency bands clicking buzzing scrambled scattering cornering night eaten autumn skirmish supper darkness full buzzing whirring flapping things eat click click click click click lavinia scanner sweep zeroed prey fat moths looped turned rolled dived lavinia looped turned rolled dived caught missed jug rum sang jim frog crowd knee deep sang peep sang katy sang katy didn sang ts
stopped talking pompey looked amazement father stammered sam fraunces queen head stamped foot pompey heard phoebe sound dropped salt cellar ran kitchen door dining room sat frozen eyes phoebe general washington cried hickey put poison dinner saw gasp table jest roared general gates getting place reaching plate phoebe ran open window threw plate yard dining room uproar chairs overturned drinks spilled jumped feet confusion ran window phoebe standing feared try escape started kitchen ran surround general washington knew general gates noticed chickens yard shouted pointing window look phoebe chickens peck peas thrown fallen dead moving wings watched grew poison meant general washington killed chickens hickey bellowed general gates members bodyguard rushed obey minutes later thomas hickey dragged yard face white terror able escape minutes sam fraunces burst room phoebe standing window shaking ran held tightly
wishes aplenty fisherman wife lived side sea ate sea hut covered finest mosses cool summer warm winter needed wanted child morning moon touched water sun rose plains wife say fisherman boat nets lines baby hold arms evening weep wail rock cradle stood hearth cradle stayed empty fisherman sad child sorrow wife grief double leave hut morning breath song return night whistle lips nets full heart empty told wife sunny beach tan thread spun sea plain fisherman usual boat found small grey seal stranded sand bar crying fisherman looked beach looked front looked town grey cliffs sheered sea seals sight shrugged shoulders took shirt
thomas small mother inside wall found secret passage small thought find button front door soon small billy buster seated kitchen table finishing supper small smiled thomas twins stared solemn eyes mrs small stood directly front thomas stepped steps kitchen thomas glanced tunnel gaping space carved comfortable kitchen saw path sat father smell food hanging air twins full content knew tunnel papa thomas felt discouraged tricked unexpectedly front door small slaves hide tunnel callers began search slaves escape kitchen veranda steps fun thomas thought knows thomas frightened mrs small recovered eyes tunnel sit thomas table goodness yelling sudden didn yes calling help thomas asked small thomas bent shoes socks pool water stood dark brackish linoleum path
saturday eddie invited leroy play games computer leroy eddie house eddie gave directions walk north pine street grove street eddie west grove street number house leroy started walking north pine street began daydream forgot check street signs soon passed grove street walked blocks realized checking signs stopped thought finally decision turn retrace steps checked street signs soon discovered passed grove street leroy confused forgot check read story confused confused don understand difficult word don sentence means re unclear happening check re won confused checking easy read story stop ask questions story sense words don understand sentences unclear ideas haven grasped characters precisely happening re sure answers reading try reading parts unclear ask teacher explain parts
johnny appleseed friends ohio river valley treated respect fun dressed favorite children kind brought treats candy bright ribbons nearly impossible buy wilderness johnny appleseed lived settlers starting move farther west claiming clearing land belonged indians thousands settlers built houses fences indians hunted buffalo deer wild animals food indians saw coming end tried hang land arguments settlers resulted arguments land indians settlers enemies indians saw appleseed settlers want land indians settlers treated appleseed kindly respected appleseed endured pain treated cuts sores bare feet sear hot iron wouldn flinch appleseed knew herbs medicines wilderness johnny appleseed crossed thirty settled felt finished part country left home family living planted apple seeds western edge ohio indiana land mainly wilderness
beauty reached enchanted palace dawn darkness courtyard lit statues held torch outstretched marble hand window palace shone brilliant light celebration coming hundred invisible instruments played joyful music dismounted agate steps gold inlaid doors opened found palace father saw door opened welcome found table laid sat delicious food drink appeared stretched hands pick knife fork knife fork sprang hands magic eating palace began shake thunder beast coming felt terror door room opened ground avoid seeing beast entered room stood expected die instant spoke roaring voice unkind beauty curtsy queen mistress palace gardens delights command wish live happiness beauty raised eyes saw appearance father longer angry spoke gently lack
days passed gradually friendship boy black grew stallion call let alec stroke grazed night alec sat warm glow fire watched stallion munching pool wondered stallion tired alec found boiled turtle shell formed gelatinous substance tasted raw moss fish rare delicacy flame shadows reached cast eerie ghostlike patterns black body alec face grim thoughts rushed brain try dare attempt ride black wait days ahead tomorrow don ahead fire burned low alec sat fire eyes fixed blacker night figure spring morning woke fitful slumber find sun high hurriedly ate looked black sight alec whistled answer walked hill sun blazed sweat ran body rain week oven island reached top hill saw black end beach whistled answering whistle stallion turned head alec walked beach black stood approached
days alec mastery black grew greater greater savage fury unbroken stallion disappeared saw boy alec rode island raced beach marveling giant strides terrific speed realizing alec improving horsemanship reached point part black tore night alec sat campfire stared flames reached hungrily air knees crossed elbows rested heavily chin cupped hands deep thought drake left bombay saturday fifteenth august shipwreck happened weeks later september island exactly nineteen days approximately twenty september family think dead doubled fists find ship pass island daily stood top hill peering sea frantically hoping sight boat alec thought approaching cold weather heat intense island arrival entered mind soon cold shelter offer protection piece wood island reinforce cold alec looked clear starlit sky rose feet walked hill
solve problem need present information data specific think questions read paragraph tell present data identify central issue solve facts need gather collecting facts figure ways present information collected figure presentation facts clearest understand school cafeteria staff held meeting discuss food school lunchroom staff member feel fresh fruit thinks heavy foods casseroles head dietician wanted install soup salad bar budget meet expensive suggestions change menus compromises middle meeting head dietician realizes lot ideas information going lose track soon suggests figure collect complaints recommendations present principal ask kind questions focus goal read tips help carol ask kind questions think need ask questions ask topic ask need figure questions lead information need
wind looked boat fox boat wind blow boat move wind blew water crab blowing wind gave crab fit say wind crab called blowing wind saw crab ground wish stop blowing wind called blow boat move don swim water crab crawled water thinking crab wind swim fun water crab happy wind happy fox boat happy fun wind saw big animal water big animal fish reach crab bad crab fish wind help crab wind looked saw big stick wood floating water crab big bad fish crab saw water wind blew stick wind saw big stick move stick hit big bad fish fish leave crab thank wind blow want blowing wind
late chip dog show school rex show brush chip saw brush top box picked brush picked box opened cricket box chip cricket box crickets late chip today school chip picked crickets put crickets box find rex chip woke rex rex saw brush ran house thing rex brushed rex school called chip woke late going rex saw squirrel run vega house thing rex squirrels rex wanted squirrel ran squirrel rex don rush chip today rex ran squirrel rushed vega paint vega house late chip mess rex rushing squirrel chip rex chip wanted rex bath thing rex bath rex jumped move chip water chip
stop farmer mule don stand let want son sit boys standing lake saw farmer son mule imagine boy shame thing imagine going village boy son rides farmer stop farmer mule let happy son mule ride let start farmer sat mule started mule mule slow lake standing lake fishing laughed passed don farmer boy ride mule asked stop farmer mule son ride lake saw called shame say imagine thing sit mule say help mule mule farmer started say let change stop mule imagine village happy follow thinking farmer tell wish
gwen took beard stuffed detective kit watch play baseball today ready jill dad rusty mcgraw bat wait wham bat jill hit balls left star player longfellow raiders week later coach gathered team game monday memorial coach going announce lineup game practice jill gwen help look bat find gwen jill looked jill locker benches water cooler bat jill slammed fist mitt lucky bat jill told team rusty mcgraw bat missing asked seen aw jill ben lucky bat hope find tough luck marshall noticed real rusty mcgraw bat didn gwen stood circle tap tap tapping braces gwen tapped braces thought strange going put disguises snuck ben trying look bat ben turned asked gwen crept gwen tell coach didn jill bat didn maybe gwen walked tapping braces minutes later gwen marshall funny didn jill bat genuine rusty mcgraw gwen funny looking nose asked marshall mind gwen
dog sat henry feet henry looked dog dog looked henry don think home re awful thin ribs show skin thump thump thump replied tail haven collar henry began think dog wanted dog found dog wanted couldn home leave hungry dog street corner knew mother father say fingered nickels pocket nickels phone mother ribsy ribs boy going call ribsy re thin dog trotted boy telephone booth corner drugstore henry shoved booth shut door put telephone book floor stand tiptoe reach mouthpiece gave operator number dropped nickel coin box hello mom henry drugstore ribs began scratch thump thump thump inside telephone booth thumps sounded loud hollow goodness sake henry noise mother demanded ribs began whimper howl henry mrs higgins shouted yes henry shouted ribsy ribsy mother exasperated henry tell going trying henry ribsy howled louder gathering phone booth going mother found dog sure wish dog feed wash pleas mom
subway tucker guess chester cricket anyway worked furiously loose finally train took flying leap landed pile dirt corner place introduction york tucker land pile dirt times square subway station tsk tsk tsk chester concluded forlornly lying days knowing nervous began chirp sound interrupted tucker mouse heard didn yes chester don chirp later summer goodness cricket sitting edge shelf reason faint noise padded feet tiptoeing floor happened look shadowy form crouching silently darkness spring landed tucker chester watch chester shouted cat dove headfirst matchbox chester buried head kleenex didn want friend tucker mouse killed connecticut watched sided fights cats mice meadow mice holes fights ended cat quickly tucker couldn escaped wasn sound chester lifted head cautiously looked cat huge tiger cat gray green black stripes body sitting hind legs switching tail forepaws directly forepaws jaws enemy sat tucker mouse
decided poet surprised thoughts head sarah going put poetry famous simon large sheet paper large pen large pot ink sat kitchen table sarah looked proudly fancy poet wife thought held head inches higher usual simon began write fast listen tell heard fine beginning poem cried poets praise hairy lion praise hippopotamus comes asked sarah don simon haven find rhyme sat table thought thought thought bit end pen shreds mountain chewed wood piled paper found box tried rumpled hair inked face scribbles patterns round edge paper don believe rhyme hippopotamus language sun moaned start easier asked sarah simon began began dozen poems finish wrong dear asked sarah wrong simon think single rhyme word poetry rhymes pancakes eggs poet rate
hour band wheelers rolled forest leaving number guard hill curled big dogs pretended sleep sands dorothy fooled trick remained security rocks paid attention cunning enemies finally hen fluttering mound exclaimed path dorothy clambered sat sure smooth path cut rocks wind mound top bottom cork screw twisting rough boulders remaining level easy walk dorothy wondered wheelers roll path foot mound found big pieces rock directly end preventing seeing preventing wheelers climb mound dorothy walked path top hill solitary round rock stood bigger surrounding path end rock moment puzzled girl path
course thinking dorothy wonder thinking wind talk tell girl wound number immediately clock moving part body lips morn ing lit girl morn ing mrs hen words sounded hoarse uttered tone change expression dorothy understood perfectly morning sir answered politely thank res cu ing continued machine monotonous voice worked bellows inside toy lambs cats children squeeze noise don mention answered dorothy curious asked locked place ry answered copper tell ly purchased smith tin ers el king ev named ev ol beat servants died able kill alive live der die beat ing harm merely cop bod pol el king love ly wife ten beau ti ful boys girls fit anger sold nome king means magic arts changed er forms put un der ground pal ace na rooms ter ward king ev re ed ter ri action tried wife nome king vail de locked rock threw key jumped ter drowned
early morning sam father left fishing boat hugged sam hard today change talk real moonshine moonshine spells trouble sam promised washed dishes beds swept floor wondered meant asked bangs explain real moonshine bangs jumped shoulder purred moonshine flummadiddle real opposite sam decided bangs sense sun golden star cracked window sam knew expect thomas thomas lived tall grand house hill thomas cows barn twenty sheep bicycle basket jungle gym lawn important thomas believed word sam thomas rode bicycle hill sam house begged baby kangaroo sam told thomas stepped thomas find tallest trees visiting owls windmill grinding corn evening meal sam lighthouse tower warning ships sea maybe asleep sand beach sam thomas climbed trees ran steps scoured beach found sam baby kangaroo thomas searched sam sat chariot drawn dragons faraway secret worlds
remember game learned play learn rules discover important thing object game read need discover important thing main idea main idea paragraph important idea find main idea figure topic word look sentence states important idea topic sentence sentence middle sentence main idea sentences give details support main idea main idea stated sentence cases figure decided topic think sentences paragraph ask important idea sentences tell topic answer main idea look details support main idea careful details interesting support main idea decide topic main idea paragraph discover honeybees find details support main idea honeybees live hive queen bee female larger bees lays thousands eggs bees workers feed care workers female rest hive drone bees male size workers drones hive job mate queen
bird feathers bird flies sings feathers bird feathers strong flexible try break tear strong feather bend feather tip touches bottom watch spring won break feathers light hold feather light heard say light feather feathers beautiful colors red cardinals blue blue jays black blackbirds white doves green parrots brown sparrows colored birds colored feathers feathers things birds flight feathers birds flyers creatures fly living creature fly bird bird layers feathers cloak feathers helps birds warm winter watch bird cold look fat fluffed feathers cold layer flat feathers helps birds cool summer heat bird body works feathers feathers help birds dry rain put drop water feather watch water slide birds care feathers birds bathe water ducking splashing spreading wings birds bathe fine dust bathing feathers carefully beaks
war close girls knew father fight redcoats soon war declared heart music fife drum hung silently wall lovely summer expected news war declared able scituate responded call colors bates broke news family told brave soldiers pitch fight liberty beckie abbie fought tears knew father farewell speech left fight country want give charge told looking handsome uniform mother leave charge lighthouse penelope charge lighthouse mice beckie abbie place charge lighthouse window mind brave soldiers sharp lookout redcoats kissed mrs bates girls saluted penelope war strange quiet village left daily silence watching sea beckie abbie spot watch lighthouse window awaited news loved news war packet letters wrote american soldiers eat trouble getting supplies course redcoats responsible
going fishing boat big net looked big dipper catch fine silver fish big dipper strong bear night big strong north star guide boat north star star alaska northernmost america benny thought stars sky hundreds reminded benny field forget star shaped flowers grew summer blue sky roof covered benny alaska night benny enjoyed outdoors summertime mountaintops covered snow children picnics children swimming water cold lucky summer kind fisherman took benny fishing boat benny caught big silver salmon big benny home eat supper delicious benny happy sleep night lay awake looking stars dreaming dream real fisherman big dipper looked strong bear benny felt big strong fall school started children winter quickly quickly snowy benny school wearing parka fur hooded jacket fur lined boots
stay field ross yelled want talk lily amy slogged mud trick moaned ross running grab rope re going re pull wasn fair match ross explained wind blew mist hose poorer footing team grass feet wet lily agreed field wetted hold marco sighed let slack plan agreed amy chipped plan flop teams lined ross secretly coiled feet rope hands ready whispered ready marco replied lily raised arm blew whistle team jerked fell wildly ross released rope crowd gasped marco team held tight quickly pulled opponents mud pull twenty seconds member team walked marco strange stumbled nonsense marco replied mind marco team sat watch pull round think plan working dave whispered marco grinned hurting lily walked field microphone hand marco sanchez brainpower team pull don kato rock gibraltar team winning team bob rank bulldozers marco led team field slack plan quietly reached rope ross pulling slack lily raised hand blew whistle marco felt rope zip hands taut team staggered feet marco team pulled forward feet rope froze place
cat turned gazed longing eyes miranda sighed re friend want happy bed walked slowly window squaring shoulders firmly opened instantly cat sprang sill stood moment thinking leaped ground soon sight lost dim dark shapes trash cans rubbish minutes later tim found sister stretched bed crying heart break saw open window immediately ran mother quick begged think cat window crying miranda room found sitting wiping tear stained face hem dress mother softly tim says cat run window miranda looked slowly didn run let let gasped tim love miranda tiny sob dumb things exploded tim miranda mother sat bed put arms girl proud brave loving thing dont understand tim loved cat let brave thing
guys wait ordered boys don tub donna grabbed binoculars table opened front door looked upward west house saw black funnel shaped cloud huge swirling mass heading directly believe eyes thought shouted tornado girl leaned pounds door trying shut terrifying cloud wind blowing straight front house door closed lights upstairs terrified boys cried loudly aaron jason justin donna called dark stairway careful downstairs quickly donna born kansas tornadoes fairly common remembered spending lot basement mother brother tornado warning moving michigan heard school tv important low tornado approaches knew chances survival basement calling boys names darkness felt steep stairs finally floor landing wind pulled house swayed trembled path donna knew going basement
night days james left eaten hay lying straw fast asleep suddenly awakened stable bell ringing loud heard door john house open feet running hall unlocked stable door calling wake beauty think saddle bridle head ran round coat took quick trot hall door squire stood john ride mistress moment lose give note doctor white give horse rest inn soon john yes sir minute gardener lived lodge heard bell ring ready gate open park village hill till john called loud thumped door soon flung open gate john gate open doctor money piece level road riverside john beauty
kim happy kim wants play wants fun kim looks dave wants play dave says play painting painting looks fun kim says help ball falls paint ball green dave says mess want help ball kim says fun kim picks ball takes ball fan fan looks fun says fan help green ball paint brown brown green brown says look mess ball kim says fun kim says want fun painting fun fan fun kim sees ball game kim says play boy says play green ball looks give play kim says fun homes animals homes homes book furry look home want big home pick noisy home want home squirrel furry tree furry looked opening furry noisy home squirrel
slinky ginger help ginger tap tree ginger clock ginger want share home ginger happy furry happy furry want slinky wish thank ginger wish thank look ginger looking tree tree sick chop help furry ginger slinky furry chop tree slinky sick furry bad sad want home ginger mad looked home home furry happy chop tell read say tap tap tap tap tap furry wanted help slinky wanted help share paint furry look says chop tree ginger looking furry looking slinky looking look animals think animals painted think squirrel bird share tree animals homes sick trees chop
home home bed trees bed water water lighthouse noisy lighthouse helps boats boat looked lighthouse lighthouse helped lighthouse family home boats help family family wants boat boat box family boat family eats boat books fun lighthouse birds live fun look boats look boys girls live trees live squirrels live wished boys girls play wished trees squirrels look play birds play family look water flowers birds family water flowers happy home home big noisy fun home lighthouse pigs wanted leave home fred house gus al pigs houses fred looked straw straw fred straw house fred put house bed
ships fly stars porthole worlds wink ship mighty ship green goes skies captain ship brave bright bright brave fleet commander toad ship star warts mission spaceship find planets explore galaxies bring bit earth alien stars commander toad fine crew copilot hop thinks deep thoughts green face lieutenant lily fixes engines loves big machines young jake reads maps plots star star leader commander toad brave bright bright brave shines screen strange shimmering light brand commander toad speaks land look brand jake stay board special suits buckle special guns case says commander toad lieutenant lily smiles shot crew step board sky mother ship planet wait young jake jumping checked planet computer computer tells planet water
silent silent silence fear silent fear deep left hop speaks think says hop pay attention hop seldom wrong thought hard listen silence hear low angry hum buzz roar coming lieutenant lily aims gun place roar bubbles roar break waves monster breaks waves deep leaps booms teeth mine mine mine lieutenant lily shoots hits deep black skin white skin color skin deep laughs rays tickle laughter horrible roar lands splash makes huge waves lily pad tossed air tips lieutenant lily hop commander toad hold sky slips pad falls water slowly sinks beneath waves cries lieutenant lily leave hop tries think closes eyes deep swims lazily pad bobbing ripe apple pond snaps teeth snap makes wave gun monster says lieutenant lily think hop think
keepers ape house lincoln park zoo chicago worried wrong tiny chimpanzee born weeks baby weak trouble holding mother keepers knew baby chimp carried mother chest hold tightly eat stay warm safe help baby zoo director dr lester fisher spoke keepers veterinarian decided baby mother try find wrong gave mother medicine fall deep sleep took baby check pediatrician looked baby chimpanzee carefully pediatrician found chimp didn weigh baby weighed scarcely half pounds healthy month chimp weighs pounds baby chimpanzee live mother baby stronger dr fisher decide knew baby chimp babies live mother baby weaker die dr fisher decided baby raised chance strong healthy care night give special food medicine need
busy jason combed hair hot today ty thought tall cool grass pond decided pond big trees sank roots deep lifted branches sky grass grew tall hide boy big ty lay quiet listening step th thump ty pressed ear ground heard step th thump step th thump step th thump ty sat heart beating wildly listening step th thump step th thump slither snake raccoon babies coming fish bond raccoons grunt hunting food babies loud rr rr kitten soft purr step th thump step th thump step th thump closer ty saw carrying bundle ty seen leg leg wooden peg walked path water edge set bundle bent knee peg leg balanced air washed face hands pond looks dancer ty thought took unfolding red cloth bundle took tin cup tin plate spoon took cheese apples big round loaf bread nibbled cheese taste smiled ate hungrily
jumped grass laughed laughed hard ty began laugh tiptoeing finally asked looking thought disappeared ty think wasn real didn mean scare whistled fun ty whistled tune danced step circus ty asked circus andro band band show home washboard wooden spoons tin pail comb town sundown music friends ty hurried home band remember things wooden spoons tin pail washboard thing forgotten ty scratched head tried think comb wait tell friends thought hear music home ty ran jason room comb sundown band jason asked ty told jason bring friends sundown don silly music things friends laugh try tell thing comb
found mother yard taking clothes told andro shook head washboard sundown board washing making music father shed putting corn pail feed chickens course pail son don bet hearing band pails hauling music ty ran tell friends believed thing band dance music comb washboard wooden spoons jason ty friends laughed sun turned glowing red ball sank lower lower town didn cool fanned porches ty friends sat yards sprawled steps hot didn talk ty sat corner street lamp comb pail wooden spoons washboard waited andro kind music jason comb washboard wooden spoons pail twilight turned purple andro forgotten soon street light ty friends saw waiting hey think band coming eh ivan shouted coming called washboard music josh laughed ty shouted
passed emperor weavers getting cloth bit worried going weavers fool fit job able cloth sure safe think send send faithful minister weavers getting emperor person cloth looks wise certainly fit job faithful minister hall wicked working empty looms meaning thought opened eyes wide thread looms cloth pretending weave invited minister nearer pointed empty looms asked design pleased colors beautiful poor minister looked looked looms reason course minister thought foolish fit job
emperor majesty cloth weavers making beautiful city talking splendid cloth cost emperor money emperor wanted beautiful cloth took officers ministers court officer minister cloth soon weavers heard emperor coming pretended harder course looms empty cloth splendid officer minister look majesty splendid design rich colors pointed empty looms sure wonderful cloth emperor terrible stupid fit emperor worst thing happen loud cloth beautiful delighted smiled charmingly emperor want cloth followers looked looked trying looms thing cried beautiful advised emperor suit splendid cloth
florence grew play father team north dakota beavers won thirteen series row days matt played left slump florence changed fastest runner west fastest runner east fastest runner north fastest runner south ran fast florence bat team trembled knew base front home fans called fleet footed florence game hear shout hooray fleet footed florence enemies called flat footed florence game hear shout phooey flat footed florence florence played center field run faster ball caught runner trying advance catch ran tag specialized outs bases loaded caught fly ball liked run personally tag player returned base tripped flung field played anyway stole bases put hop faster run team leading play leg tied
body ways keeping germs skin cover body germs skin cut germs nose mouth hairs mucus nose saliva mouth help germs traveling farther germs body matter hard works body fights kill germs cells blood called white blood cells white blood cells surround kill disease germs body sick body makes white blood cells normal body fight germs body fights germs fever germs live hot fever kills germs fever shows body fighting disease fever goes high lasts dangerous body doctor give medicines kill bacteria medicines cure disease caused bacteria viruses killed medicines disease caused virus body medicines doctor help feel sick medicines slow runny nose coughing hard medicines don cure disease feel body fights disease germs
mystery sentence illustration mystery words sentence word mystery private eye clue word story history words born grow change history word funny surprising word mystery greek word meaning closed eyes lips entered english language ago meaning believed couldn prove mystery means don understand detectives called private eyes pinkerton large detective firm printed words sleep cards posters words written drawing open eye word clue english meant ball thread clue traced greek word thread helped find maze clue helped solve mystery read histories words word comes greek words dia means graphein means draw write diagram drawing marked lines show important parts diagram article sounds dolphins word comes latin word means mark seal signature person written person write signature letter
doris whistled chattered dash listened dash sounds doris quiet dolphins sounds doris dash talking talking telephone dolphins whistles signature whistles sounds doris dash signals language nonsense scientists thought heard dolphins talking ocean scientists boat shore part experiment put row metal poles water suddenly saw dolphins swimming row poles scientists hear clicking dolphins dolphins hundred yards poles stopped swimming minutes later dolphin swam close poles swam end row making clicks dolphin swam reached dolphins whistled chattered dolphin swam poles explored returned group whistling chattering started dolphin thing finally dolphins swam row poles swam poles side scientists dolphins talking
handbook answers questions ask writing help write looking assignments book writing assignments divided parts prewriting writing revising presenting part tells step writing process handbook explains types writing explanatory persuasive analytical topic going write organize ideas narrow topic chart page web cluster diagram cluster diagram shows glance main topic subtopics details related cluster diagram write main topic circle write related subtopics circle draw lines connect main topic list details related subtopics notice cluster diagram main topic musical instruments coming main topic narrower subtopics stringed instruments household instruments geraldine instrument subtopic household instruments narrow writing assignment task receive writing assignment decide purpose writing audience read audience teacher classmates friends family writing partner determine purpose ask type writing asked
ways present writing read paper aloud class practice listening tape recorder draw pictures illustrate final draft mount construction paper display classroom bulletin board computer typewriter final draft start folder pieces writing folder full type table contents book shows shape wrote put paper larger piece paper cut shape want add cover tie pages class present writing ways class follow steps join classmates submitting pieces writing class writing contest teacher judge class decide prizes place winners winning papers read aloud writers displayed blue red ribbons attached follow steps choose small group charge newspaper class think newspaper discuss kinds news stories features cartoons articles include decide publish teams revise proofread pieces pass newspapers school sit circles small groups hand paper person read aloud
decisions think choices think questions read paragraph help decisions decision need choices help list help compare choices restrictions things rule choices summer special camp camp offers activities sign swimmer worries lives ocean loves baseball soccer played school leader president art club loves things camp offers swimming baseball soccer coaching crafts music writing mail choices camp today decisions ask kind questions think need ask read tips help nichols think main purpose asking questions decide things important think information ask don decide questions lead information need group thirty hikers discovered hidden mountain lake adults children wanted swim
walked edge ravine circling large boulders trees looked ravine shadows lay felt turned inside saw charlie standing torn pajamas face turned upward hands raised shouting eyes shut tight face streaked dirt tears pajama jacket hung shreds scratched chest opened eyes saw sara strange expression wonder joy sara knew lived hundred look paused looked sliding seat pants bank took arms charlie arms gripped steel charlie feel fingers digging clutched shirt charlie re going home face buried shirt patted head everthing fine held moment hot tears eyes cheeks didn notice feel measles fever real high lost bathroom house terrible feeling terrible wanted bed couldn find finally aunt willie heard kitchen kitchen couldn lost middle wilderness patted head look brought bedroom slipper
project koko began july received permission san francisco zoo try teach american language commonly called ameslan gorillas eye gorilla saw september furry infant clinging ferociously mother pushing baby baby slide asked determined baby told born fourth july contest held winning ko japanese fireworks child called nickname koko wanted study ability ape learn language heard psychologist taught sign language chimpanzee training psychology lifelong fascination animals feel project koko young dependent mother begin working finally koko ahead zoo officials begin foggy morning july entered nursery children zoo san francisco walked door koko left arms caretaker pushed soft face close mine smelling looking beginning roles project koko scientist trying teach human sign language deaf gorilla mother figure infant problem put koko ease arrive morning gates opened carry koko walks zoo
simile comparison unlike things things compared thought alike poem read poet says mother kindles lump coal lighted says mother kindles family warm feelings lighted coal stove furnace warms bodies metaphor implied comparison things thing poet metaphor title mama sunrise mother sunrise poet warmth brightness feelings sunrise figures speech poets imagery poetry appeal directly senses imagery feel hear taste smell experiencing mama sunrise poet words phrases wake glowing puts spark papa eyes sweet talking create picture mind warm loving caring mother woman smiling hugging children loving husband making happy poets decide type poem write types poems ballad simple narrative poem tells story popular hero bigger ballads passed generation song written ballads singing quality lilting verses making repetition dialogue descriptive poem mama sunrise describe person place thing feeling lyric poem descriptive poem short expresses poet strong feelings person emotion loneliness love
reaching hairline trail sun sky tremendous cold strangeness weirdness impression newcomer land winter trouble imagination fifty degrees meant bite frost hurt guarded mittens ear flaps warm moccasins thick socks thought entered head turned spat speculatively sharp explosive crackle startled spat air fall snow spittle cracked knew fifty spittle crackled snow spittle crackled air undoubtedly colder fifty colder temperature matter bound claim left fork henderson creek boys divide indian creek country roundabout look possibilities getting logs spring islands yukon camp clock bit dark true ready lunch pressed hand protruding bundle jacket shirt wrapped handkerchief lying naked skin biscuits freezing
central mound hundred finish effort demanded organization hard labor pyramids egypt temple mounds america built native americans sure idea build mexican influence temple mound builders overlooked symmetrical shape temple mounds mexican central american temple pyramids aztec maya tribes real difference temple mound builders dirt stone peoples built mounds groups forty place mounds purpose temple worship kinds temples include ceremonial meeting places designs art peoples nearly identical houses chiefs nobles stood mounds surrounding central plaza plaza planting rituals religious ceremonies games artifacts suggest games spear throwing stick ball common common lived surrounding acres land homes homes chiefs smaller feet rectangular shape windows walls clay plastered floors dirt
united states began devouring books african history grew quickly kind obsession correct ignorance concerning earth largest continent reading sit edge bed night studying map africa memorizing countries relative positions principal waters slave ships operated weeks registered letter gambia suggested visited cousin georgia kansas city urged found ill thrilled hear learned hoped learn wished flew africa previously talked told caused word put country knowledgeable kinte clan found ready fit looked oddly village discovered intended going dreamed organizing kind took days negotiating hire launch upriver rent lorry land rover supplies roundabout land route finally hired total fourteen including interpreters musicians told country wouldn talk music background
black greeted jello tackling feet jumped tail discipline rolled tumbled hour ran slope turned stopped pursuing pups plowed tumbled fell lay minute surprised recovery action black pup flashed tail semaphore signal jumped jello miyax rolled laughed aloud funny re kids looked jello tongue hanging mouth sides heaving puppies collapsed feet asleep jello flopped black pup looked bit tired miyax watched special ran top den barked smallest pup miyax called sister lifted head saw favorite brother action struggling feet devotedly romped jello took opportunity rest clump sedge moisture loving plant tundra settled pup tracked pounced jello narrowed eyes pressed ears forward showed teeth re saying called re saying lie puppy lay miyax fours looked nearest pup speak sister whined sister turned narrowed eyes showed white teeth obediently sister lay talking wolf talking wolf
quietly waded crystal lay beneath surface water reached put hand water grasped warm lay full sword length beneath water brought water ceased shine wrapped quickly cloth brought tied belt began wade lake beast slept reached shore beast stirred started race shore legs splashing wildly water slipped regained footing quickly pulled muddy banks splashing water found backing dread fascination beast closed distance raced marshes tearing legs larger thickets ran smell beast overcame smell gaining heard peculiar gurgling noise saw bushes lake dense run small area earlier concealed reach point fight beast looked side lake saw knew choice drew sword ran stopped face onrushing beast hesitate flung air attacked fox
father thirty married mother twenty sister margot born frankfort main june jewish emigrated holland father appointed managing director firm close relationship firm building father partner rest family felt full impact hitler jewish laws filled anxiety uncles mother brothers escaped grandmother seventy times rapidly fled war arrival germans sufferings jews began jewish decrees quick succession jews banned forbidden drive jews allowed shopping clock shops bear placard jewish shop jews indoors clock sit gardens hour jews forbidden visit theaters cinemas places entertainment jews part public sports swimming baths tennis courts hockey fields sports grounds prohibited jews visit christians jews jewish schools restrictions similar kind forbidden spite anne girlfriend say re scared forbidden freedom strictly limited
standing corner admiring weather stroll broadway practice breathing exercises raymond walking inside close buildings subject fits fantasy starts thinking circus performer curb tightrope strung high air rain likes step tightrope gutter getting shoes cuffs wet hit home don watch dash traffic island middle broadway give pigeons fit apologizing sitting trying sun getting upset pigeons fluttering scattering newspapers upsetting lunches laps raymond inside plays driving stage coach run interrupt breathing exercises account running don care knows act things easy won let practice high prance street pony knees strong mother uptight walks ahead don shopping trip crazy child cynthia procter instance opposite test tomorrow say guess play handball afternoon watch television tonight let thinking test
give look couldn finish putting idea words grownups lot nerve pin number stomp burnt straight track stretch grass band winds monkey wrapped tail flag pole teacher calls loudspeaker calling track looking sky trying pretend country grass city feels hard sidewalk pretending concrete jungle grandfather says twenty yard dash takes minutes kids don run track run wrong run smack fence fall cry kid sense run straight white ribbon ahead wins graders line thirty yard dash don bother turn head watch perez wins wins begins psyching runners telling re going trip shoelaces fall faces lose shorts fast fast forty yard dash run grade raymond hollering swings knows thing loudspeaker announced fifty yard dash giving recipe angel food cake saying static
papers cloud ringlets appeared hair papers horrified hair laid row scorched bundles bureau victim spoilt hair hair wailed meg looking despair uneven forehead luck shouldn asked spoil sorry tongs hot mess groaned poor jo regarding black pancakes tears regret spoilt tie ribbon ends forehead bit look fashion seen girls amy serves trying fine wish let hair cried meg petulantly smooth pretty soon grow beth coming kiss comfort shorn sheep lesser mishaps meg finished united exertions family jo hair dress looked simple suits meg silvery drab blue velvet lace frills pearl pin jo maroon stiff gentlemanly linen collar white chrysanthemum ornament put nice light glove carried soiled pronounced effect easy fine meg high heeled slippers tight hurt jo nineteen hair pins stuck straight head exactly comfortable dear let elegant die
spirit st louis bumping lakes ponds wave roughed lined wind streaks white beaches foam formed islands leeward shores takes gale whip water forty fifty miles hour quarter hour wind blowing directly route mounting constantly velocity crabbing angle degrees compensate drift leave plane pointing black body storm won change heading let wind drift storm area large wind continues strong northwest coast ceilings higher blind flying safer storm small wind shift miles blow course winds arise suddenly edge storms change suddenly blow direction squall large mist rain hills lakes thinly veiled white succeeding squall clouds grow darker rain heavier lightning flashes trees rocks finally give course turn eastward skirt edges violent storms weave flying cloudburst patch open sky returning heading leaving drill propeller whitish disc vapor trickles silver surfaces eddies screw heads fittings seeps cockpit splashing flying suit charts moistening lips freshening air breathe
ocean longer dangerous wilderness feel secure circling lambert field home land alongside boats throw rope board bunk sleep warm food woke boat mile ahead masts cabin rocking water close mixture control dive fifty feet bow dropping wing view crew sign deck climb higher circle miles ocean rough hide fishermen frightened plane swooping suddenly sky possibly say plane course saw ocean maybe hid decks heard roar engine maybe think demon sky dragons decorate ancient mariners charts crews contact modern hide sound airplane isolated coastal village airplanes pass boats look small ventured home visions riding top hurricane night hundred mile hour wind drift possibly vessels anchored north ireland bay biscay going straight turn north south
cloud northeastern horizon strip low fog possibly land looks land don intend tricked mirage framed gray curtains rain ten fifteen miles purplish blue band hardened haze flat waterline curving top composed hills aged mountains sixteen hours newfoundland allowed eighteen half hours strike irish coast ireland half hours ahead schedule clearer image islands morning strange fishing fleet haunting head illusion real reality meaningless mind clear longer half asleep awake alert aware temptation hold course longer spirit st louis banks nearest point land stare intently daring believe eyes keeping hope check avoid disappointment watching shades contours unfold coastline coastline coming north coastline rugged shores rolling mountains early strike england france scotland early striking ireland nearest land coast stands approach barren islands guard inland green fields slope sides mountains ireland place ireland fields green scotland mountains high brittany cornwall
harry called harry let bruno shoulder jumped ground loping hissing softly told mom pop happened pop hope harry didn hurt bruno sure scared mom think wasn cat hater pretended bryan let ask vet harry meow suggested held harry car jumpy put examining table held vet walked took look cat yelled hey find bryan find heart sank recognize harry wondered rocky crazy cat hung couple tried find home course wanted finally frightful put cage wasn cockeyed recognize couldn meow hissed say rocky want hiss harry sat crouched table ears twitching eyes flashing doubt thinking cages straightened flicked crooked tail opened mouth meowed vet scratched head amazement boy sure looks rocky bring
don want talk anyway record company heard happened zip tell record business tough kidding funny thing happened helping hand post office sabrina call manager local radio station post office mixed stack tapes coming station played mistake bad didn local rock group real news wanted play tape air tried getting local jobs asked county fair youth center lot big earn money playing music local radio began getting jobs town job pancake supper paid pancakes ate haven able look pancake started getting small checks albums left movies experience manager al getting friend re improving mathematics top al knew music business taped material big record companies small bands
heard kid eleven twelve todd nodded re thinking claiming island eh kids today camp camp owning trespassing todd nodded certainly re law abiding boy point favor island desk push feet walked wall sized aerial photographic town showed river clearly ripples middle houses appeared square rooftops dark light strung patterns developments spotted street lamps roads white foaming edge rapids alongside lock downriver todd house visible lock looked pair dark todd island front house river sure square house address card match parcel land town tell owns minute later tax laid plump finger roof house don island todd kind mystery huh figure map maybe photograph drawing try missed photograph ago
sing duet didn real bird sang manner mechanical cylinder inside chest heart fault sand imperial music master keeps perfect belongs school music mechanical nightingale sing solo agreed song beautiful real nightingale artifical bird pleasanter look sapphires rubies diamonds glittered bracelets brooches mechanical nightingale sang song thirty times grow tired court liked heard thirty fourth emperor thought real nightingale sing noticed flown open window beloved green forest meaning emperor angrily court blamed nightingale called ungrateful creature bird remains mechanical bird sang song song knew intricate courtiers didn heart imperial music master praised bird declared real nightingale diamonds inside imperial majesty gentlemen understand real nightingale depended
ago england king henry viii ruled land lived town westminster london young girl named margaret called margaret maybe mother angry westminster countryside known simply meg tall strikingly stunningly tall happened margaret twelve started grow mean grow shot past oldest brother fourteen tall father fifteen gaining uncle ben tall stoop doorways margaret father began worry inch fretted measured doorjamb confided wife stop growing soon re top door margaret mother gave smile mind stop course sixteen stopped growing suddenly started tall tallest westminster called meg contrary expect margaret didn mind called meg didn mind tall rude children stared pointed giggled elders gasped grown weed
poor folk cried farm wife reward give small payment saving greatest treasure don give thought fflewddur exclaimed face lighting warmed tale begin mind dip river rest trifle fflam swims fish harp twitched violently pair strings gave ear splitting crack drat blast muttered fflewddur ails beastly strings dampness bound taking leave days wandered happily heart content finding stronghold noble lord guards gate fflewddur called bard music merriment welcomed led lord hall sooner fflewddur begun play lord leaped angrily throne burst yelp cur tail trodden harp rattles worse kettle stones fflewddur collect wits lord snatched cudgel harper began drubbing strength ai ow care cried fflewddur struggling vainly escape blows shield harp king mightiest realm prydain rue battle host gates thousand warriors bowmen fflam head
days rested worrying bub goliath wondered thirty mile stretch homestead downs course viewed thing lofty unconcern sick camels proved key communication aborigines belong tribe camels cars trucks finally replaced animals fond memories stories camels survive aborigines accompanied ten miles downs bidding bye companions warned route mountains unused promised call downs flying doctor radio emergency radio network links australia outback settlements friends didn exaggerate fifteen miles mountain track occasionally began peter spent hours sweating maps compass took couple wrong turns dead end canyon backtrack strain uncertainty carries unconscious dreamed continually lost human companionship diggity camels sure mountains muttering stumbling circles complicate matters bub chose mountains throw unforgettable fit shortly midday pause decided buck entire pounds assorted tucker water drums article crashed ground terrified bub harder bucked
found card finding book want numbers letters upper left hand corner card catalog spine book find card book want write call number author title follow signs library find shelves books number looking ready find book shelf research hopscotch information reference sources encyclopedia reliable facts found correct reference sources sure information find accurate things check help determine information find reference book accurate copyright date reference books latest dates latest information subject copyright date found cards book card catalog found copyright page book copyright date story article found footnote page story article checking author background helpful find information author jacket book headnote beginning article
huge statue reach power cover hundreds boats colorful sails bobbed york harbor competing views famous figure spiked crown raised arm flaming torch sprayed plumes water sky larger ships fired salute honor grand lady birthday important speeches ideal liberty gave thanks country stands ideal air force jets screamed sky added booming sounds welcome turned night fireworks lit sky marked end rebuilding statue liberty majestic arm raised harbor night bright flame cast glow water visitors able enjoy full effect visit famous statue statue liberty need rebuilding statue reaching age hundred needs extra special care case statue liberty care needed miss liberty sturdy statue thought copper skin tenth inch thick weighs hundred tons permanent tilt neck shoulder problem arose liberty raised arm reaches eighteen inches farther forward planned
outfield paying attention re talking discussing upcoming test modern european history taylor marks curve sun burning directly eyes surrounded bluish white glow makes perfectly green hills orderly housing developments town look planet pitcher softball mitt times think knows annoys actually think worse things softball football trampled pelted rubber softball unit summer belly flop swimming pools twist ankles overnight hikes jerry miller colorful commentary pitcher launches attack stretching whipping ball past hip ready alert respond mean powerful swing bat kind commercials shave lotion firm level swing splendid follow unfortunately happens ball home plate pitcher fingers sudden realization transforms graceful swing dizzying lurch nearly makes lose balance cries catcher ball flight shoots past mitt bangs angrily satisfies bit bat slips fingers clumsily hard ground shuffle grass base line feeling victim terrible practical joke
days planned beginnings home bite eat worked hard move forward find bite discouraging feed body mine satisfied gathering food took hungrier trying place rest took tired felt going circles wondered primitive energy stop hunting food start thinking fire tools left tree meadow looking food plunged woods discovered gorge white cascade splashing black rocks pool hot dirty scrambled rocks slipped pool cold yelled bank put pairs trousers sweaters thought carry clothes pack tingled burned felt leapt bank slipped face patch violets looks botanical gardens colored flower books yellow lilies slender stems oval leaves dappled gray wonderfully tasty bulbs filling pockets fall salad type lunch moved steep sides ravine
rounding bend river sight handsome dignified house red brick lawns reaching water edge toad hall rat creek left notice board says private landing allowed leads leave boat stables banqueting hall re looking toad rich nicest houses parts admit toad glided creek mole slipped passed shadow large saw handsome boats slung cross beams hauled slip water place unused deserted air rat looked understand boating played tired wonder fad let look hear soon disembarked strolled gay flower decked lawns search toad presently happened resting wicker garden chair preoccupied expression face large map spread knees cried jumping seeing splendid shook paws warmly waiting introduction mole kind dancing round
box oats nose ate stood hand smoothing satin soft skin mane nap deep plush played cream colored tresses arranged forelock neatly eyes bit dish faced arab eyes set lightly groomed brushed stood turning head whichever spoiled soon step stream drink hold bucket drink lift dripping muzzle rest shoulder blue shirt golden eyes dreaming distance daintily dip mouth drink turned head south pricked ears stood tense listening ken knew heard colts galloping upland someday flicka whispered strong won fly wind stand top look smell snow neversummer range maybe antelope happiest month kennie morning flicka strength hop hill stand broadside early sun horses love moment ken woke window dressed table studying sat raise head flicka
handbook answers kinds questions ask writing looking assignments book writing assignments divided parts part step writing process prewriting writing revising presenting handbook explains types writing narrative explanatory descriptive persuasive analytical ways organize ideas chart page narrow topic web cluster diagram visual show main topic subtopics details related cluster diagram write main topic circle write related topics circle draw lines connect main topic list details related subtopics notice cluster diagram cooked cleaned narrower allison narrower potato cakes secret characters cooperate achieve goal asked write task determine purpose writing audience audience want read teacher classmates friend writing partner family don determine purpose ask type writing asked study chart help understand purpose writing
ways share writing suggestions read paper aloud audience invite discussion asking questions describe reasons support opinion convince rewrite editorial form letter editor send local newspaper call editorial department find person direct letter address send letter ring binder hole punch final copy paper fits binder paper holes punch left margin label front cover write title spine ways class narrative paragraphs personal narratives turned radio plays collect group writings dialogue find classmates read parts rehearse plays run smoothly record tape play rest class follow steps organize special presenting honoring writing students class invite interested parents students classes special guest speakers local author english teacher conference meet classmates share writing talk writing problems listen guest speakers read writing aloud collect pieces writing students conference publish class school magazine
mitchell ran house shouted ran door margo house moving asked margo weeks mitchell asked margo walk weeks mitchell lived place someplace margo lived door fifty fifty sixty difference margo want stay door forever mitchell want wake bedroom eat breakfast kitchen brush scales clean nails bathroom room house room maybe tired friend margo asked mitchell margo maybe look think face tail scales walk talk margo mitchell face tail scales walk talk margo mitchell walked door pack margo sat front door sit sixty shouted mitchell climbed window margo called glue roof tie front door thick green rope tape paper clip house
geraldine liked hanging tail branch tree juggling acorns parents told juggling week mademoiselle la fay school dance learn ballet help graceful mother help ladylike father help physically fit brother randolph help whispered brother eugene geraldine home ballet school excited look shouted look asked mother learned dance purple swan geraldine wonderful mother dance exclaimed father haven going dancing school swans purple eugene watch geraldine ordered looking re looking mother geraldine smoothed tutu mother leaves gracefully raised forepaws head dee da da da da dee ta dum hummed ran lightly tiptoe trunk tree beautiful sighed mother encore encore clapped father pretty geraldine randolph play asked eugene dee da da da da ta dum geraldine hummed began dance faster tree big roots tree sticking ground geraldine didn ow yelled geraldine tripped root sprawled ground hurt asked mother worriedly geraldine sniffled ran tree randolph eugene tears
lived donkey wished lion heard lion roar sad roar lion bray sun woke cat awful noise asked cat roaring donkey complained cat stop let sleep noon frightened mouse mouse awful noise roaring donkey silly donkey mouse stop children nap middle night donkey surprised owl awful noise hooted owl roaring donkey lions roar donkeys bray hooted owl soon animals complained noisy donkey stop trying lion sleep anymore silly noise donkey bought lion skin threw lion skin head animals think lion dressed lion skin donkey met cat jumped front cat roared running cat laughed donkey met mouse shook lion skin roared jumping mouse laughed night donkey dressed lion skin owl tree roared owl laughed surprised try look lion sound donkey home
facing river let boats peter couldn river saw huge buildings grandpa called docks high wire fences peter looked fence watched big crane lift car deck ship dock wish water peter complained boy grandpa told getting late street lights city glowed lights grandpa lamp lamp lit lamp didn electricity grandpa tired took bus home days riding horse pulled car don think slower bus traffic grumbled home peter sat favorite window seat looking longingly apartment house lights twinkling window suddenly looking lights lights apartment house lights street lights house grandpa called peter happened don peter called peter turned battery radio voice electricity city apartments heat lights working elevators grandpa chuckle find candles build fires fireplaces think turn gas basement
city boston famous fashioned baked beans underlined word sentence hard understand sentence knowing word find meaning word dictionary glossary place find words dictionary book words meanings glossary short dictionary books words dictionary glossary alphabetical order means begin words starting letter end words starting letter find word famous dictionary look read page words starting find word famous guide words help guide words written large dark type top page show words page guide words page free fuss famous page letters letters alphabet guide words save word looking famous called entry word entry word information word called entry entry find word divided syllables information sat word meaning word entry word sentence entry words picture sentence picture help meaning look dictionary page printed page guide words yes guide words fame faraway find word famous page looking entry words
afternoon city woman talking husband prince hulla birthday bothers going hear yelling making noise hear voice re answered husband comes let open mouths rest crowd won sound shouting heads quiet hear noise wonderful idea meaning harm woman told neighbors plan meaning harm husband told friends office worked meaning harm friends told friends friends told friends city hub bub privately telling open mouths yell able hear noise trying spoil prince birthday celebration person thought voice won missed millions yelling screaming won hurt stay quiet listen important moment closer closer corners earth crowds began gathering public meeting places eyes stared large clocks ticking seconds shock excitement electricity swept entire globe hub bub course excitement especially
let fix woman ran piece comb hair put show grew fleas found table books brought famous flea trainer howard woman brushed dust dress wax look believe fleas tell minute set eyes taking stand bought big warm pretzel talked fleas business finally shook hands gave howard fiona bag popcorn fed stray pretzel saturday wax thing dog looked surprised dog needs person leaned stray parted fur look fleas talent trying dust dirt coaxed give bath food sit ticket stand call show needs barker fleas fiona asked wax patted stray carefully week fleas wouldn caught dead dog special guests showtime fiona held arm wax looked closely fiona flea half eye born star
tornado roaring west bill heard picked thousand head cattle heart bar ranch texas put nice crooked ranch arizona picked cattle crooked put bent ranch kansas picked oklahoma put mexico put mexico oklahoma bad tornado mistake roaring pecos river texas past pecos bill house pecos bill wasn home tornado passed driving cattle market soon riding whoa widow maker pecos bill shouted stopped look stood foot sue bill pretty wife wasn ranchhouse wasn barn cottonwood trees pecos river wasn pecos river sue bill shouted happened pecos river tornado took sue house barn cottonwood trees bill asked tornado took sue pecos bill mad driving cattle hungry home crazy tornado stolen house kitchen sue pointing west catch traveling thousand miles hour let catch bill tornado going house widow maker
rattlesnake bit pecos bill turned gray began look sick bit bill turned green rattles tail started fall rattlesnake don want fight pointed head north tornado bill jumped widow maker galloped north rushed mountains prairies racing high mountains huge mountain lion jumped trail re mighty big hurry lion pecos bill bill wasn surprised chasing tornado shouted took house barn cottonwood trees pecos river seen mountain lion won tell mountain lion weigh hundred pounds mean bad ready fight don fight bill leaned grabbed mountain lion tail began swing head lasso put yelled lion tell tornado bill put lion asked lion think hear coming sure bill looked saw tornado rushing mountain turning upside turning rivers run upstream lightning flashing eighty directions
suppose family puppy sister thinking neighbor comes says bad puppy nearly cute mine don upset neighbor told opinion fact statement fact proved true false statement opinion tells thinks believes think puppy puppy opinion neighbor opinion prove puppy words cute beautiful clues tell statement opinion read important able tell difference statement fact statement opinion check facts books eyes check knows don check statement fact need checked statements opinion explained real check think facts opinions read kitty neil deaf try things kitty neil deaf baby kitty grew mother let try things kitty neil won medals swimming diving sentence statement fact opinion statement opinion prove word clue opinion sentence statement fact opinion say statement fact answer checked checked asking kitty mother
barbara husband bill live boston sell baboons trying think animal letter alphabet emily stood patricia hare waiting turn phyllis missed letter couldn think place egypt offered emily knew letter began patricia bushy curls bounced rhythm ball letters quickly couldn think sell gave ball angry bounce tossed emily emily letter hard hit neck making miss bounce rubbed neck stung looked circle girls stood johnny ringer grinning matter mott bounce ball fine johnny laughed miss huh yeah miss re perfect think re smart showoff emily felt blush johnny wasn fair wasn showoff lost ringer ivy find cliff jump yeah patricia think re tough emily didn say looked playground kicked pebble pebble johnny thrown ah anyway johnny walked hands pockets trying walk tough guy point johnny ringer picked emily times week
mrs nodded emily think decorate room colors hang strings lots windows front boards lights hey look ivy mrs agreed idea haven johnny shouted class johnny looked surprised ringer called leo ok johnny guess spent preparing party emily wrote haiku ivy drew pictures leo phyllis practiced puppet show mary louise patricia worked kimono johnny sat window figures class stopped projects lunch learn japanese song wrote letter child uchida class japan hope write leo johnny wrote extra letter uchida emily noticed put letter box want help hanging animals emily asked johnny nodded careful bend strung figures boards hung front windows wind turned gently threads look re flying emily finished bell rang end school room cleared desks pushed wall floor covered mats pillows reading corner set tomorrow bring pillow sit remember shoes room mrs reminded johnny sure early class host uchida special helper johnny stood straight nodded
handbook answers questions ask writing help write looking assignments book writing assignments divided parts prewriting writing revising presenting part tells step writing process handbook explains types writing narrative descriptive topic going write organize ideas narrow topic chart page web cluster diagram cluster diagram shows glance main topic subtopics details related cluster diagram write main topic circle write related subtopics circle draw lines connect main topic list details related subtopics notice cluster diagram top page main topic cities coming main topic narrower subtopics york hub bub boston details subtopic hub bub narrow writing assignment task receive writing assignment decide purpose writing audience read audience teacher classmates friends family writing partner determine purpose ask types writing purposes study chart help understand purpose writing
ways present writing suggestions read paper classmates family expression voice invite feedback ask questions predict story end paste paper large piece poster board draw picture illustrate hang bulletin board classroom book writing draw book cover construction paper place pages book punch holes side weave yarn thread holes tie ends bring book home show family donate school library class present writing ways class follow steps class think magazine ask volunteers type copy magazine decide publish choose small group charge magazine classmates hand examples writing magazine group select include magazine issue follow steps rewrite group stories play help design puppet part put play taking part puppet invite classrooms show ask school principal classmates display school lobby choose papers written specific topic help group decorative border drawing colorful pictures topic
decisions think goal think questions read paragraph help peter decide clear idea goal decisions goal leading help picture mind need imagine decision peter family trip started noticing signs words gave information picnic area home wanted draw signs show things stay room quiet kitten asleep don touch tapes love sorry paper pens pencils needs started needs begin making decisions picture ideas ask kind questions think need ask read tips help jessica ask questions think main purpose asking questions decide things important think information ask don think information ask don decide questions lead information need jessica loves playing baseball excellent pitcher jessica knows summer park teams sure join questions helpful ask team coaches times practices practice team parties supplies equipment team win loss record color uniforms team need pitcher
figure shows concept person experiences agreement person process developing esteem growing allow clearly openly experiences real circles move closer merge insight agrees real experiences able accept truly happens experience high level esteem areas important think deny reality experiences block insights gain actions misdirected unrealistic view find making excuses pretending happens unnatural unreal circles move farther area shows experiences denied awareness larger unreal aspects feel increase creates tension stress anxiety prevents esteem suffers shrinks theory development applied person experience nan employed hairstylist studio business search job offered position nail connection job include nail sculpture manicures tip overlays similar jobs requiring eye hand coordination manual dexterity nan accepted job enthusiasm assumed successful experience hairstyling proof ability successfully nail sculpting
stay touch requires similar kind behavior explained earlier need gain maintain insight wear masks avoid direct conflict reality experience view suggestions unmask adjustments improve esteem effective touch reality help need gain insight develop close trusting relationship psychologists call kind person significant situation person called mentor mentor takes personal interest helping develop adjust job help train greater responsibility future success significant friend spouse parent teacher develop close relationship trust share feelings beliefs person able unmask real plain able share fears hopes dreams nightmares significant able completely honest answering questions volunteering information feeling openness person called transparent transparent person added dividend discover fact understand helped understand talk freely openly person feel friend share friend accept kind mutual trust concern understand open honest relationship able withstand upsets
try learn counselor mentor ties previous section responsible behavior hard facts real situation process developing success identity starts carrying assigned tasks responsibilities successful conclusion leads growing feelings worth mentor helps willing hold responsible course action angry mentor allowed behave irresponsible experience feelings failure popular term caring firm consistent counselor mentor tough love experience tough care happens tell person want hear experience discomfort possibly hurting friend risk care person helping fortunate employment supervisor coworkers help strength learning success identity surely grow person assists quest success identity plays role counselor list don ts counselor mentor mind found effective professional counselors therapists feel demonstrated behavior responsible person talk makes feel bad try identify defeating behavior correct behavior help understand worst enemy friend
number studies successful young study asked questions concerning factors influenced success answers successful beginning workers expect success effort stated comes wait believed successful hard adjust problems want improve determined effort capable desire improvement wish enhance oneself quality vague desires improvement success aware involved achieving greater success able set realistic goals untried student dream handling scores workers word businessperson knows involved leading knows difficulties likely encountered set goals realm possibility reason realistic desire improvement stronger worker success bitter succeeded told unfortunately told meeting minimum expectations job bring success successful worker call duty expected adding extra quality needed success aggressive rude quiet confident give thought assignment quality parts part desire improvement wish improve desire improvement expressed proud growth firm watching helping growth pride proud amount
newcomer find hard matter things rules organization follow set pattern cases follow rules phase lasts short faced emergency executive sign orders hospital town nature happens thing weigh matter carefully results rules lose order visiting executive wrong plane consequences rules worse judgment acting initiative act requirement think situation carefully decision basis facts objectives panic resourcefulness help level business hand resourceful resourceful imagine consequences actions choose likely meet success motto think help resourceful willing obvious explain worker willing workers spend ways number clues tell supervisor employer willing worker willingly perform task assigned assignment arrange duties completed mistakes pains accurate pride
success business depend extent ability develop habits inborn intelligence highly factor success brilliant mind helps course ensure success interest enthusiasm habits checking details play important part observed talent top profession period hard person career axiom genius percent perspiration percent inspiration true gifted hard talent intelligence benefit requires control run want job front requires personal discipline supervisor oversees force helps settle job prodding control efficiently rung ladder climb success ability organize task manageable units job job needed order job jobs organizational ability important rise higher level job routine tells checks suggests improvements ability increases find trusted care total job decide going attack problem need organizational ability discussed preceding chapters help organized learning decisions quickly seeing output high developing accuracy working acceptable standards job
enthusiastic supervisors feel employees show enthusiasm enjoy interesting happier person jobs unpleasant tasks don dwell tasks dislike focus thoughts positive parts job enjoy asks position tell things focusing sharing positive parts job productive successful employee reason supervisors feel enthusiasm important enthusiasm contagious mind hired expected contribute growth success organization relationship supervisor blossom develop listed characteristics contribute growth success organization attempt establish solid working relationship supervisor open line communication communication offers opportunity respond employer directive vice versa tips help establish rapport supervisor allow surprises crisis problem potential problem development area responsibility sure supervisor hears superior hear catastrophe area detrimental relationship supervisor terminal supervisor apprised happening supervisor places times communication essential supervisor preferred communication style
research observation relationship supervisor employee improved reward exchange provide productive service allegiance employer expect freedom minimum supervision job security safe working environment personal recognition employee expect things supervisor studying parts chapter discuss expectations supervisor getting feeling expected give lot return expect things supervisor list include course wages safe working conditions training addition expect explanations decisions policies fair evaluations honesty suggestions expectations reasonable seldom receiving end reward exchange want follow steps taking problem supervisor bring thoughts needs attention employer receive criticism employer fair expectation respond statement mean want seek criticism reality need criticism criticism thought negative criticism form improvement regarded criticism suggestions supervisor unaware improve matter skilled job improvement improved skills lead additional confidence promotions income employers avoid task providing adequate criticism performance evaluations opportunities
unfortunately supervisors choose risk consequences giving criticism loser decision benefit information help productive worker important let employer appreciate accept criticism asking supervisor questions job performance speak performance evaluations ask suggestions improve comments shared accept comments positive manner thank supervisor interest success avoid negative ways react criticism employees defensive offer excuses natural tendency friend says grouch today typical human response grouch problems workplace excuses continue errors report area noisy responses certainly ways superiors handle criticism response errors report thanks pointing correct attack negative response criticism attackers focus spotlight put blame lousy job job clara didn give specific directions wanted attacker handle criticism creating unnecessary conflict fellow worker response situation didn understand directions review try
civil rights act law strongest federal legislation area job discrimination passed amendment legislation title vii according act employers allowed discriminate area employment employers discriminate recruiting hiring promoting discharging classifying training employees agency responsible enforcement title vii equal employment opportunity commission eeoc eeoc receives evaluates complaints trying problem referring complaint courts agency develops guidelines help organizations write put practice affirmative action programs affirmative action designed correct effect past discrimination minorities women affirmative action plans employers list discriminatory barriers organization limiting minority applicants current employees plans set eliminate barriers affirmative action programs required organizations receive federal funds contract federal government public employers federal agencies process recruiting selecting hiring workers employers prohibited asking questions concerning race color ethnic background questions prohibited law law makes clear race color ethnic background determining factors hired employer ask applicant citizen united states questions regarding individual ability speak read foreign language permitted questions regarding ancestry native language allowed questions language speak home child illegal
form discrimination called apply older worker forty seventy younger worker eighteen thirty younger workers hired expensive stereotyped flexible willing learn younger workers disadvantage experience older workers hired experience knowledge maturity discriminated understanding methods technology considered dated law situations illegal discriminate older younger person hiring process employers require permit issued school authorities providing proof age employer require birth certificate proof age hiring traditionally discrimination prejudice workplace character meet general standards society criminals members subversive organizations poor credit risks considered undesirables allowed abilities perform occupation impaired low esteem society cases law requires individuals equal opportunity employment acceptable character important regulation helps prevent discrimination arrested convicted crime prohibits inquiry job applicant arrested questions concerning applicant conviction disposition case allowed questions raised regarding credit rating charge accounts financial matters
simply increases prejudice result discrimination revenge forms vandalizing physical assault aware consequences damaging pleasure receive getting recognize folly revenge occasionally overcome prejudice patience nature prejudice based stereotypes individual group unfair accurate picture demonstrating fit image job reduce eliminate prejudice instance elizabeth reorganized entire filing system eliminating problem files coworkers began seek advice longer emphasized difference age longer avoided contact positive resistance mean ignore endure prejudice positive resistance means clearly recognizing confronting prejudice means letting coworkers aware prejudice uncomfortable determined prove wrong unfortunately discrimination eliminated positive resistance section deals strongest means dealing discrimination action attempt correct situation job perspective contact member personnel department union investigation conducted found grievance procedures initiated need correct discrimination receive satisfaction sources step contact attorney governmental agency dealing discrimination local level contact human rights agency federal level contact equal employment opportunity commission eeoc
employers intolerant consider disloyal behavior help understand loyalty means employers try put employer position ask feel situation owner manager business employee loyalty tested bill waiter trainee restaurant noticed waiters waitresses receiving consistently larger tips finally discovered reason sandy person assigned help train bill explained amounts giving free drinks salads refill soft drink glasses forget add extra drinks check serve salads ordered tell customers house sort forget put drinks salads check paid salads drinks shows tip bill found dilemma situation bound create problem report practice supervisor scheme turned bill chose loyalty employer loyalty dishonest coworkers bill left job return college manager expressed appreciation loyalty bill job future recommendation prospective employer type individual lives highest standard sexual morality person drinks alcohol abuses drugs standards conduct asset seek employment advancement
predict ten goals plans likely expect plan change course choose plan success career field decided general kind matches interest ability potential remain flexible ready change need job experts say job future worker need learn skills goals flexible realistic look abilities interests training habits personal qualities objective eye setting goals planning attainment definite specific decide direction wish move prepared opportunities find anticipated exactness element chance present control future training maintaining record acquiring reputation highly motivated industrious fitting getting job competent avenues opportunity open ready prepared flexible find employers competing obtain services qualified choice positions hesitant accept position think find position attitude realistic perform maximum satisfaction job wise discover fact begin
learning attitude matter sold equipment procedures training previous employment try adjust found present job helpful refrain mentioning solved problem school job customer boss situation fair chance learning attitude means alert departure present knowledge training suppose supervisor suggests task pay attention ask questions doubts write number step method ask demonstrated follow demonstration trying supervisors prefer spending extra employees errors appreciative extra help receive considerate employee find supervisors respond equal consideration glad offer help needed type job training offered employees transferred departments employees lack needed skills expected equipment procedures training welcome opportunity learn set employees resistance change common trait training involves longer hours glad opportunity learning guaranteed improving vigor effectiveness advantage opportunity comes working firm considered advancement asked sort promotional training
brown lumber company specialized general offices large number orders received specialized office devoted activities organized likewise number transactions related making receiving payments resulted setting office direct financial matters hand manager diversity staff general office performs variety tasks ceramics small size company means seldom repetition task single workday workweek unlike brown lumber company goods ordered daily orders ceramics month single employee takes care office tasks small company owners able spend producing ceramics competent office employee variations organizations organization plans office services goals organization achieved discussion business conferences business periodicals centers happening offices types electronic equipment leading office performed word text processing systems eliminated complete letters reports keyboarded original letter report stored electronically machine memory speculation experts office systems future office predicting nature future office believe absolutely paperless paperless office require information created transmitted stored electronically
companies planned offices consideration physically handicapped employees ramps specially designed accommodate wheelchairs illustrate company goal making movement handicapped easier concern physical environment workers part field specialization called study effects environment health employees relationships biological technological factors interest specialists field study determined relationship lighting computer terminals eye fatigue purpose study establish nature intensity light assure low level eye fatigue workers terminals increasingly reflect knowledge gained study carefully details shown illus notice components adjusted height angle order meet worker individual needs note comments color walls noise level lighting proper attention kinds factors contributes comfortable working environment employee productivity means level accomplishment important employers office workers modern businesses operate complex environment buy sell goods market borrow money banks financial institutions manufacture products number countries seek innovations complexity resulted overwhelming amount paperwork company hundred ago single factory producing single product related products company bought sold goods town located
supervisor assume job require learning job expected considered normal part introduction responsibilities feel comfortable learning environment learning classroom workers expect introduction specific tasks perform clearly stated job description provided extent responsibilities note partial job description illus page general statement listing detailed duties equipment unfamiliar demonstration planned acquainted equipment properly manual detailed instructions familiarize equipment capabilities refer manual feel unsure functions equipment addition manuals equipment find manuals company policies procedures likely organization charts calendars events directories specialized reference books completing tasks want references hand find helpful spend free minutes scanning references later need specific information reference helpful generally employees encouraged consult references ask questions doubts proceed specific phase task
office workers functioning manual processing system equipment help performing tasks important understand basic types equipment common typewriter office manual system electric typewriter course manual typewriters especially offices required typing tasks occur electric typewriter correcting device formatting decisions undertake keyboarding task steps changing manual system computer assisted system introduction electronic typewriters replace electric learn electronic typewriters chapter regardless kind typewriter find detailed instruction manual supplied manufacturer machines perform calculations reduce need process numbers machines help basic arithmetic processes adding subtracting multiplying dividing machine features simplify business computations automatic constant multiplication division chain calculations illus automatic constant non add keys print numbers part calculations illus non add key newer types electronic calculators capabilities simplify computations type photocopying machine offices today features vary considerably
introduction computer business organizations mid steady shift natural computer assisted systems types organizations computer assisted information processing system logical series procedures enables computer transform data meaningful information modern offices introduced aspects computer operations information processing tasks basically computer transfer processing tasks human employees electronic processing method think moment prepare letter electric typewriter insert paper determine margins determine begin date line letter address follow number decisions end task word processor decisions processing care merely depressing key keys terminal encounter variety computer assisted systems offices identify structures computer systems additionally common features computer systems regardless specific equipment remainder topic devoted primarily helping gain understanding general nature computers information processing system understanding able adapt easily equipment expected office job note information processing cycle computer capability shown illus page information processing tasks restructured computer assisted system installed organization system determined needs company
companies computer systems find restrict access computer center computer generated information programs computer center maintained librarian release authorized persons record maintained persons receive computer systems accessible terminals require passwords codes obtain run programs understand security measures apply responsible task required password password secret computers related equipment sturdy moving parts require attention want remember follow procedures proper equipment sure read instructions accidentally equipment malfunction sure understand procedures company event problem equipment find microcomputer disk drives need cleaned occasionally cleaning cleaning disk takes minutes simply insert cleaning disk turn machine cleaning proceeds instances read write errors caused dirty heads want sure remember simple cleaning procedure electronic equipment sturdy magnetic media commonly extremely sensitive require care part magnetic media cool dry places contact magnetic field erase tape diskette careful media protected likely find designated storage procedures diskettes
aid spelling verification vendors equipped text editing systems dictionaries frequently words spelling verification software number words dictionary varies vendor vendor cases dictionaries enable user add words manufacturers text editing equipment provide detailed step step instructions operating equipment proficient equipment need material provided user manuals tutorial disks materials include examples types jobs completed equipment material include exercises complete understand features equipment training sessions courses offered employees manufacturer local training organizations idea advantage opportunities attend training sessions courses instances manufacturers provide telephone inquiry service assist question arises attempting learn piece equipment service referred hotline inquiry attention printers separate components word processing systems printer copy stored internal memory keyed letter memorandum offices find text editors connected printer printers produce qualities print letter quality print print comparable electric electronic typewriter company standard final copies written communications printers produce copy letter quality rough drafts internal communications technically printers classified impact printers nonimpact printers
nonimpact printers commonly referred electronic copier printers produce hard copy output striking images ribbon nonimpact printers noiseless generally faster impact printers print sides sheet paper nonimpact printers popular need high volume printing print quality vary depending type printing process variety printing methods found printers including laser ink jet magnetic printing nonimpact printers reached letter quality level impact printers technology nonimpact printers evolving continue future number options permit printers meet needs customers find options taking place rapid pace popular options discussed types paper feeders allow printing continuous forms called tractor feeders type paper feeder sheet feeder drops stationery sheet printer advanced models allow printer repeatedly produce page letters envelopes printers equipped limited buffer storage permits information held printer accept avoid computer additional buffer storage holding information contained documents learned decisions point selecting print option select print option main menu printing shown illus displayed menu document printed according default printing instructions
learned chapter sales account payment future amounts money owed large company considerable office workers needed care customer accounts fact large companies accounts receivable department accounts receivable accounting term amounts owed customers goods services provided find understand basic procedures handling accounts receivable cash valuable businesses term cash mean currency bills checks currency bills easily transferred identifying owner checks transferred ease negotiable businesses carefully guard flow cash regardless form organizations find companies organize tasks minimize possibility fraud theft cash small company owner open incoming mail remove checks cash deposits bank owner personally sign checks issued owner directly supervise employees additional assurance company assets including cash organization safeguarding assets referred internal control course processing cash transactions direct supervision owner manager large organizations find companies classified small instituted procedures safeguard cash assets illus note division tasks aids insuring checks mailed company actually added company cash account companies find department overseeing system safeguarding assets functions properly
rental cars vary price according size car length car needed miles driven determine executive preference contacting car rental agency travel agent follow established company guidelines renting car train travel sections country areas high population concentrations train stations located centers cities provide alternative air travel rail routes overnight trains sleeper services allow executive sleep eat train executive interested rail service consult official guide railways schedules railroad lines check travel agent check yellow pages telephone directory information railway lines serving area times traveling executives stay overnight ask hotel motel reservations executive hotel motel especially familiar city convention meeting held specific hotel cases executive rely determine place stay hotel motel red book excellent source information accommodations names addresses telephone numbers room rates information hotels motels united states included maps selected cities listings hotels motels sixty countries company copy publication travel agent provide information traveling executives able meet business obligations scheduled offices
title page report title writer organization report date month facilitate keyboarding title page video terminal lines double spaced shown illus table contents presents overview material covered report listing chapter titles main topics page numbers refer illus final copy table contents keyed entire report completed verify titles page numbers minute report heading contents centered according format selected unbound doublespace title key word page margin double space entry leaders periods spaces alternated extend page guide reader finding page number periods leaders aligned vertically directly keying periods odd numbers horizontal line scale longer reports body report divided chapters sections main heading divisions begin page word chapter section typed capital letters roman numeral division refer page double space side heads underscore side heads paragraph heads page summarizes information regarding margins page numbers formal reports supervisor quote sources information prepare report quotations excerpts sources identified body report
office worker need realize vital efficient records management system smooth operation business topic learn businesses records management system maintain office records record information text data image voice future reference records management filing system set procedures company organizes stores retrieves removes destroys records main purpose records management system sure records needed business operate efficiently records management system fulfills purpose ways choosing storage media providing proper storage equipment supplies outlining procedures filing developing efficient retrieval procedure setting record retention destruction policy company records variety media paper magnetic media microfilm records management system includes program analyzing needs company determine storage medium combination media office worker expect media medium advantages disadvantages learn topic storage equipment filing cabinets chosen specific storage media mind records paper filing cabinet similar shown illus cabinet filing microfilm records supplies file folders hold paper records storing computer tapes chapter discusses types equipment supplies type storage medium records fireproof cabinets vaults
company makes distance calls find economical lease lines charging regular distance rate call telephone company charges set monthly fee discounted rate outgoing call geographic service area covered vary convenience customers call distance company subscribe service discounted service applies incoming calls charge caller service interstate intrastate basis company services customers maine florida subscribe service includes states east coast company customers california subscribe service determine company united states number dial directory assistance important aware zone differences placing distance calls continental united states parts canada divided standard zones eastern central mountain pacific illus move west zone hour earlier washington eastern zone noon dallas central zone denver mountain zone los pacific zone san diego need speak worker york regional office need place call pacific eastern york office closed satellites undersea cables place calls countries
local area networks expanded larger networks networks called wide area networks link machines separated geographically wide area networks businesses send information city city country country wide area networks telephone lines microwaves satellites send receive information familiar frequently voice communication system telephone familiar devices features business telephones help workers communicate efficiently telephone networks installed businesses today electronic systems modern systems offer features older telephone systems telephone vendors provide types telephone systems equipment meet individual needs customers types systems equipment constantly changing local companies advantage latest technology undoubtedly witness telephone services equipment company commonly kinds equipment discussed prepared acquainted telephones telephone systems job common type business telephone key telephone multiline telephone key telephone key push button lines key variety common key telephone incoming call keys flashes line ringing depress key answer call key telephone equipped hold key place caller hold simply depress hold key caller connected hear saying
think likely instances beliefs match friends acquaintances instances treasure individuality clear sense generally respect authentic persons paradox told accept told assess remember accepting mean effort improve aspects personality fact accepting profit assessment give conscious attention want accomplish applies changing ways happier undoubtedly familiar common american tradition making resolutions thought significance frequently deal hope improving personality typical resolution going considerate brother sister going disappoint friend overlooking promise going fair friends talk backs resolutions demonstrate individuals unhappy past behavior believe want establish effect contract change behavior determining aspects need attention critical step process making efforts change clearly identifying clues assessment implies care behave willing
future increasing amount accounting computers estimated future personnel needs show computers decreasing need accounting workers need accountants bookkeepers accounting clerks expected rise spite expanded computers business continues need employ accountants bookkeepers accounting clerks accountants plan summarize analyze interpret financial information prepare accounting reports assist owners managers making financial decisions accountants supervise accounting workers includes checking accuracy recorded financial information accountants members accounting firms sell accounting services businesses small gasoline station owner need full accountant station owner employee accounting tasks tasks include recording summarizing basic accounting information owner hire accounting firm help plan accounting system analyze report interpret accounting information business selling accounting services general public called public accounting firm public accounting firms provide variety accounting services businesses individuals accounting services include accounting tasks planning accounting system accounting firms periodically check accuracy business records prepare monthly annual statements reports help wanted advertisements shown chapter typical found daily newspapers united states accountants known private accountants employed single business private accountants similar public accounting firms private accountant works business
write owner capital account harry walters capital account title column liability write owner capital amount general credit amount column liabilities capital side accounting equation balance sheet liability capital amounts recorded general credit column journal write source document number doc column line entry letter source document memorandum post ref column explained later chapter accounting equation balance sheet balance total assets equal total liabilities capital addition journal entry balance total debit amounts equal total credit amounts balance entry checked adding debit amounts adding credit amounts totals entry walters adds debit amounts adds credit amounts opening entry total debits equal total credits opening entry balance checking balance entry illustrates accounting principle accounting records debits equal credits entry recorded journal check assure debits equal credits entry journals chronological record balance sheet items cash paid received supplies bought services sold customers events balance sheet items pays cash supplies business cash supplies
received cash owner harry walters additional investment business accounts affected cash harry walters capital account classifications cash asset account normal debit balance harry walters capital capital account normal credit balance affected cash account increased debit capital account increased credit effect transaction shown accounts increase cash recorded debit increase harry walters capital recorded credit equality debits credits maintained paid cash owner harry walters personal assets business owner personal known withdrawals withdrawals recorded debits directly owner capital account common accounting practice record withdrawals separate account titled drawing drawing account balance shows total assets business owner general ledger account titled harry walters drawing recording withdrawals drawing account shows decreases owner capital account drawing account normal debit balance drawing account balance increased debits decreased credits accounts affected harry walters drawing cash account classifications harry walters drawing capital account normal debit balance cash asset account normal debit balance affected drawing account increased debit cash account decreased credit effect transaction shown accounts increase harry walters drawing recorded debit
entry record prepaid insurance adjustment shown illustration general ledger accounts affected entry prepaid insurance insurance expense insurance expense debited prepaid insurance credited amount shown sheet adjustments columns effect prepaid insurance adjusting entry shown accounts prepaid insurance adjusting entry posted prepaid insurance debit balance insurance expense debit balance accounts date revenue expense accounts income summary account owner drawing account known temporary capital accounts separate revenue expense accounts record financial information affecting capital account fiscal period difference total revenue total expenses net income net loss fiscal period total net income net loss fiscal period recorded owner capital account revenue expenses recorded separately fiscal period owner withdrawals recorded separately fiscal period revenue expense drawing account balance beginning fiscal period journal entries clear balances revenue expense drawing account end fiscal period journal entries prepare temporary capital accounts fiscal period journal entries prepare temporary capital accounts fiscal period called closing entries close temporary capital account amount equal balance transferred account revenue expense account balances transferred directly owner capital account
banks refuse accept altered check banks refuse accept checks amount words figures agree kind error preparing check prepared checks prenumbered check retained records practice helps account checks assures checks lost stolen marking check called voiding check common voiding check write word void large letters face check similar notation written check stub records check journal check number doc column check numbers numerical order check number missing doc column checks recorded reason records voided check journal date recorded date column word voided written account title column check number recorded doc column check mark post ref column dash cash credit column check numbers recorded journal banks separate records depositor information deposit slips checks recorded daily depositors accounts practice keeps depositors accounts date times month bank sends depositor printed statement depositor records report deposits withdrawals bank balance depositor bank called bank statement
variety machines automated accounting machine accepts data applies procedures produces results according stored instructions called computer large small businesses computers record report accounting data computer change accounting concepts methods change regardless accounting system financial data reported period computer performs routine repetitive operations types computers record process accounting data automated accounting systems larger businesses high cost computers impractical smaller businesses manual systems today computers businesses regardless size computer cost size based amount data processed processing speed types computers recording reporting accounting data mainframe computers minicomputers microcomputers large sized computer greatest computing speed largest storage capacity powerful processing capability called mainframe computer mainframe computer type computer developed process business data mainframe computer expensive types computers mainframe computer primarily businesses need process large amounts data fast processing speeds medium sized computer intermediate computing speed storage capacity processing capability called minicomputer minicomputer type computer developed process business data minicomputer expensive mainframe computer minicomputers primarily businesses data processed need processing speed businesses mainframe computers
transactions recorded journal sorted summarized ledger accounts transferring information journals ledger accounts known posting posting information journal ledger accounts summarizes place transactions affecting single account number ledgers accounting system determined size business businesses transactions involving receipt payment cash part generally general ledger ledger accounts needed prepare financial statements known general ledger general ledger sorts summarizes information affecting income statement balance sheet accounts general ledger general ledger chart accounts page business size additional ledgers accounting system business needs amount owed vendor amount collected customer general ledger account vendor customer business vendors customers bulky general ledger trial balance eliminates problems keeping separate ledgers vendors customers separate ledger vendors accounts separate ledger customers accounts separate ledger summarized single general ledger account ledger summarized single general ledger account called subsidiary ledger subsidiary ledger vendor accounts called accounts payable ledger subsidiary ledger customer accounts called accounts receivable ledger total amount owed vendors summarized single general ledger account accounts payable
summary procedures posting journal chapter procedures apply posting expanded journal special amount columns affecting controlling accounts require additional posting procedures shown illustration separate amounts general columns posted individually totals general debit credit columns posted shown illustration totals special amount columns posted account named column heading column total shown posted credit account separate amounts special columns posted individually columns affect controlling account shown illustration separate amounts total amounts posted special columns controlling accounts separate amounts accounts receivable debit credit columns posted individually customer accounts accounts found accounts receivable ledger posting step customer number written post ref column journal customer number shows posting separate amount customer account completed totals special columns posted controlling accounts named column headings total accounts receivable debit column posted debit accounts receivable general ledger total accounts receivable credit column posted credit accounts receivable general ledger posting step account number parentheses total special column number shows general ledger account total posted principles accounts receivable columns apply accounts payable columns journal
accounts adjusting supplies supplies supplies expense follows steps supplies adjustment chapter supplies recorded debit supplies expense supplies credited amount supplies adjustment labeled shown adjustments columns lines partial sheet illustration page accounts adjusting prepaid insurance prepaid insurance insurance expense follows steps prepaid insurance adjustment chapter insurance coverage recorded debit insurance expense prepaid insurance credited amount prepaid insurance adjustment labeled shown adjustments columns lines partial sheet assets number operation business called plant assets examples plant assets office equipment store equipment plant assets repeatedly expected plant assets bought purposes resale customers normal course business plant assets trucks typewriters display cases called equipment records cost equipment asset account titled equipment plant asset bought worth months later plant assets decrease plant assets decrease passage older models
date feb written date column accounts debited accounts payable health care entered account title column single debit amount posted general ledger account accounts payable ledger account diagonal line account titles separate clearly diagonal line post ref column show debit posted accounts amount debit recorded debit column account credited purchases returns allowances written line account title column account title indented centimeter amount credit recorded credit column source document entry entered line indented centimeters generally buys supplies account supplies merchandise merchandise purchased account recorded purchases journal buying account item merchandise recorded general journal source document transaction memorandum memorandum source document supplies recorded unintentionally merchandise invoice received goldman office supplies attached memorandum confirm price paid effect transaction analyzed accounts transaction increases balance supplies account supplies debited amount owed vendor increased transaction accounts payable credited amount credited account goldman office supplies accounts payable ledger entry record transaction general journal shown illustration
business periodically pays employees services money paid employee services known salary period covered salary payment called pay period businesses base salary payments length pay period weekly biweekly semimonthly monthly procedure figuring salary regardless length pay period total amount paid employees pay period called payroll methods figuring recording payroll companies method depends number employees type office equipment speed preparation payroll businesses computers basic accounting procedures regardless manual computerized methods taxes based payroll business called payroll taxes business required law withhold payroll taxes salaries earned employees business required pay payroll taxes payroll taxes based employees earnings accurate detailed payroll records important errors payroll records incorrect payroll tax payments business incur penalty failure pay correct payroll taxes business withhold federal income tax based employees salaries taxes withheld forwarded federal government deduction total earnings person legally supported taxpayer called withholding allowance withholding allowance claimed employee withholding allowance claimed person supported employee person supported employee reduces employee income tax
banks financial institutions furnish federal government list persons receiving interest payments social security number reported person list social security numbers shown drivers licenses states personal business income tax returns social security numbers student identification numbers colleges universities social security numbers serial numbers members armed forces employee occupation covered social security law social security number person seeking job obtain social security number card advance application social security number card shown illustration page application form obtained social security administration internal revenue service office post offices completed form nearest field office social security administration social security number card issued request charge social security number card simplifies making application employment social security number card shown illustration person loses social security number card apply card card issued original number person social security number employee social security number receive earned social security benefits employee changed social security administration notified change social security number changed form reporting change obtained social security administration office
businesses effective cash control deposit cash receipts bank account write checks major cash payments practice written evidence cash received paid practices loss cash theft fraud low businesses small cash payments items delivery charges postage supplies writing separate check small purchase consuming expensive process avoid writing checks small amounts businesses establish special cash fund small payments fund amount cash hand making small payments called petty cash petty cash fund enables business practice cash control business deposit receipts write checks payments petty cash payments practice small payments business petty cash special procedures control petty cash fund cash control procedures permit business monthly bank statements prove cash records specific employee assigned responsibility safekeeping maintaining petty cash fund person generally referred petty cash custodian petty cash cashier establishing petty cash fund amount cash needed small payments estimated amount sufficient period month establishes petty cash fund september based past experience company determines adequate petty cash fund voucher system voucher prepared petty cash fund amount established
businesses keeping computerized perpetual inventory special cash register part system item merchandise code number recorded cash register sale result paper tape prepared inside cash register coded record items sold paper tape bring perpetual inventory computer date special cash registers connected directly computer sale recorded cash register information transferred directly computer inventory records brought date immediately costs recorded inventory forms periodic inventory quantities merchandise hand counted purchase invoices catalogs find merchandise costs costs recorded inventory forms extensions total cost inventory figured businesses methods figure cost merchandise inventory weighted average takes periodic inventory end fiscal period company assumes merchandise purchased merchandise sold assumes ending inventory consists recently purchased merchandise recent invoices purchases recording costs item inventory forms recently received parachute pull lines shelves older lines merchandise purchased merchandise sold method determining cost inventory nearly follows actual flow merchandise
rising prices method highest valuation ending inventory lowest cost merchandise sold lifo method lowest ending inventory valuation rising prices highest cost merchandise sold weighted average method inventory cost merchandise sold valuation lifo cost merchandise sold increases gross profit net income decrease method highest lifo method lowest weighted average method intermediate level net income rising prices falling prices method lowest valuation ending inventory highest cost merchandise sold lifo method highest ending inventory valuation falling prices lowest cost merchandise sold weighted average method inventory cost merchandise sold valuation lifo method lowest lifo method highest weighted average method intermediate level net income falling prices inventory costing methods acceptable accounting practices business select method method continuously fiscal period inventory costing method fiscal periods financial statements compared fiscal statements business inventory pricing methods part difference gross profit net income caused change methods provide financial statements analyzed compared fiscal periods inventory costing method period estimating inventory previous percentage gross profit operations called gross profit method estimating inventory
professional accountants earn certified public accountant cpa designation sets standards persons meet earn cpa standards include passing rigorous examination actual accounting experience states college accounting study substitute required experience cpa designation important professional accountants public knows cpa accounting professionals public accounting firms require accounting employees earn cpa eligible promotion top positions businesses require top accounting personnel earn cpa designation high school accounting study important starting accounting career students completing study textbook broad background accounting concepts practices study include mastery accounting tasks analyzing recording financial information typical accounting records studied chapters common activities summarizing reporting accounting information studied chapters specialized accounting functions studied chapters study includes accounting concepts practices needed entry level jobs learning basic background earning promotions continuing accounting study college accounting professionals guided accounting concepts ten concepts chapter commonly accepted professional accountants textbook materials procedures apply concepts chapters follow concept application occurs concept reference
concept reference concept business entity application specific accounting concept complete statements descriptions concepts text chapter kinds equities equity persons business owes money amount owed business called liability equity owner owner equity called capital owner equity amount remaining liabilities subtracted assets equation showing relationship assets liabilities capital called accounting equation accounting equation written assets liabilities capital harry walters operates lawn care service business business owned person called proprietorship proprietorship known sole proprietorship rents building located equipment operate business walters expects business money continue business indefinitely start accounting system business walters prepares list business assets equities july lists items walters places total amounts accounting equation walters figures equity capital subtracting liabilities assets owner equity accounting equation accounting equation balance correct total amounts equation left side equal total amounts side accounting equation left side total equals side total accounting information recorded commonly accepted unit measurement
write owner capital account harry walters capital account title column liability write owner capital amount general credit amount column liabilities capital side accounting equation balance sheet liability capital amounts recorded general credit column journal write source document number doc column line entry letter source document memorandum post ref column explained later chapter accounting equation balance sheet balance total assets equal total liabilities capital addition journal entry balance total debit amounts equal total credit amounts balance entry checked adding debit amounts adding credit amounts totals entry walters adds debit amounts adds credit amounts opening entry total debits equal total credits opening entry balance checking balance entry illustrates accounting principle accounting records debits equal credits entry recorded journal check assure debits equal credits entry journals chronological record balance sheet items cash paid received supplies bought services sold customers events balance sheet items pays cash supplies business cash supplies journal entries record
expanded accounting equation chapter accounting record practical equation show sufficient details equation show place specific item businesses general ledger accounts show place item accounts recorded journals posted general ledger accounts recording posting opening entry chapter transactions change account balances created opening entry transactions recorded posted occur transaction information recorded information analyzed determine accounts affected difference totals amounts account debit credit columns called account balance accounts balances opening entry posted asset account debit balance liability account credit balance owner capital account credit balance normal balance account related side balance sheet account appears normal balances balance sheet accounts shown illustration rules help determine increases decreases account balances recorded debit credit amount columns account balance increases column normal balance account normal balance debit increases account recorded debit column cash asset normal debit balance increases cash account recorded cash account debit column account balance decreases column opposite normal balance
effect transaction shown accounts increase harry walters drawing recorded debit decrease cash recorded credit equality debits credits maintained revenue expense accounts provide detailed accounting information needed owners managers making sound management decisions eventually later chapter revenue expense information summarized transferred owner capital account accounts store information transferred capital account called temporary capital accounts revenue transactions increase capital cash received sales amount revenue increased receipt cash revenue shown equation revenue increases total amount assets total assets increase equity increased revenue accounts show increases owner capital owner capital recorded directly capital account recording directly capital account show clearly caused increases capital caused revenue transactions shown separate revenue account businesses titles revenue accounts account title describe kind information recorded account bank revenue account titled interest income interest revenue doctor revenue account titled fees owner apartment building revenue account titled rent income rent revenue rent source revenue sale services customers revenue account titled sales accountants understand account title sales mean sales revenue
journal entry includes debit credit parts transaction place equality debits credits transaction checked easily looking journal entry transactions recorded directly general ledger accounts account show part transaction omissions easily overlooked errors recording transaction corrected journal transferring information accounts information accounts likely accurate transactions recorded journal date activities business listed order occur weeks months later facts needed specific transaction journal easy source check debit credit parts transactions recorded general ledger accounts transactions recorded directly general ledger accounts information single transaction difficult find place recording debit credit parts transaction called double entry accounting double entry accounting complete record transaction complete accounting double entry accounting managed businesses double entry accounting portion journal chapter description chapter includes record opening entry journal general debit credit columns financial activity creates entry recorded journal journal amount columns amount columns headed general debit general credit amount columns account titles heading journal amount column headed account title called special amount column special amount column provided journal account monthly entries
previous balance entry credits account balance credit return journal write account number journal post ref column amount journal general debit column posted line amount journal general credit column posted line amounts journal general debit credit columns posted frequent intervals frequent posting keeps accounts date avoids posting end month separate amounts journal general debit credit columns posted individually totals journal general amount columns posted total journal amount column posted account title listed column heading check mark parentheses general amount column total check mark shows total column posted rules posting journal amount column totals summarized illustration page journal special amount columns amounts written special amount columns posted individually totals special amount columns posted procedure saves posting page july journal cash debit column entries twenty separate postings required post amounts individually posting cash debit column total saves postings special amount column total posted account listed column heading total sales credit column posted credit sales total cash debit column posted debit cash total cash credit column posted credit cash
individuals personal fiscal period begins january ends december period corresponds period report income tax information federal governments individuals fiscal period approved internal revenue service month fiscal period begins ends month july fiscal period begins july ends july financial statements prepared business needs financial statements prepared end fiscal period financial reports prepared general ledger accounts summarized columnar accounting form financial condition business summarized called sheet sheet helps plan information reported financial statements financial statements chapter preparation sheet achieves objectives summarize general ledger information trial balance plan needed adjustments general ledger accounts sort general ledger information according reports prepared figure amount net income net loss fiscal period journals ledgers permanent accounting records prepared ink sheet planning tool considered permanent record sheet prepared pencil sheet heading consisting lines similar heading accounting report heading sheet prepared july shown illustration date shows sheet covers days july july
general ledger accounts show true date balance end fiscal period accounts brought date recorded update general ledger accounts end fiscal period called adjustments general ledger accounts need brought date july supplies prepaid insurance debits supplies supplies bought credit supplies single item practical end fiscal period supplies account true supplies remaining hand account balance decreased amount equal supplies fiscal period prepaid insurance account balance needs updated amount paid insurance premiums debited prepaid insurance payment end fiscal period prepaid insurance account decreased insurance coverage supplies insurance fiscal period expense business adjustments record supplies insurance expenses fiscal period period payment adjustments planned sheet adjustments columns adjustment debit credit part accounts affected adjustment adjustment transfers part account balance account adjustments recorded sheet planning general ledger accounts result posting journal entries journal entries bring general ledger accounts date called adjusting entries
prepares sheet end fiscal period summarize sort information general ledger financial statements prepared information sheet financial statements prepared adjusting entries recorded posted temporary capital accounts prepared fiscal period entry recorded end fiscal period bring ledger accounts date known adjusting entry adjusting entries analyzed chapter adjustments planned sheet adjustments journalized posted change general ledger account balances adjustment sheet adjustments columns journalized posted general ledger accounts makes adjusting entries bring supplies account date bring prepaid insurance account date supplies adjustment july labeled partial sheet shown illustration journal entry record supplies adjustment shown illustration general ledger accounts affected entry supplies supplies expense source document prepared adjusting entries heading adjusting entries written journal account title column identify kind entries follow supplies expense debited supplies credited amount shown sheet adjustments columns effect supplies adjusting entry shown accounts supplies adjusting entry posted supplies debit balance supplies expense debit balance accounts date prepaid insurance adjustment july labeled partial sheet illustration
revenue expense accounts income summary account owner drawing account known temporary capital accounts separate revenue expense accounts record financial information affecting capital account fiscal period difference total revenue total expenses net income net loss fiscal period total net income net loss fiscal period recorded owner capital account revenue expenses recorded separately fiscal period owner withdrawals recorded separately fiscal period revenue expense drawing account balance beginning fiscal period journal entries clear balances revenue expense drawing account end fiscal period journal entries prepare temporary capital accounts fiscal period journal entries prepare temporary capital accounts fiscal period called closing entries close temporary capital account amount equal balance transferred account revenue expense account balances transferred directly owner capital account procedure leave capital account cluttered debit credit entries avoid clutter owner capital account balances transferred summarizing account summarizing account close revenue expense accounts titled income summary revenue expense accounts closed income summary includes total revenue total expenses fiscal period resulting balance income summary net increase decrease capital amount increase decrease recorded owner capital account
information needed record closing entries sheet information sheet income statement columns addition drawing account balance sheet balance sheet debit column information needed close single revenue account line sheet shown illustration sales credit balance debit sales needed close account debit sales credit amount account credit income summary closing entry analyzed accounts closing entry sales account shown illustration source document prepared closing entries heading closing entries written middle account title column identify entries closing entry written immediately heading sales debited income summary credited closing entry posted sales account balance revenue accounts balances closed balances transferred income summary account information needed close expense accounts sheet lines illustration expense accounts closed single entry entry combines debits credits called combined entry opening entry chapter combined entry separate closing entry expense account procedure result entries income summary combined entry amount post income summary
checks accuracy revised chart accounts comparing report file maintenance input form shown illustration page revised chart accounts report filed future reference manual accounting transactions analyzed debit credit parts recorded journal transaction data periodically posted journal general ledger automated accounting transactions analyzed debit credit parts transaction data recorded general ledger input form transaction data recorded input form key entered computer computer automatically posts directly general ledger accounts stored secondary storage records transaction data general ledger input form daily limited number transactions data input form key entered processed weekly source document payment expense check stub check written analysis kind transaction chapter rent expense equipment debited cash credited entry record cash payment transaction lines general ledger input form shown illustration batch number written space provided batch number assigned opening entry illustration chapter run date written space provided top form run date transaction data recorded input form week ended account number account debited entered account number column column line written column column
checks journal entries report accuracy comparing report totals totals general ledger input form totals journal entries report assumed correct journal entries report filed future reference proves cash journal entries report involving cash transactions prepared computer keeps track cash receipts cash payments total cash receipts cash payments listed journal entries report illustration aid proving cash figures cash proof october shown checkbook balance check stub deposit checkbook balance cash balance hand cash proved manual accounting trial balance prepared sheet prove equality debits credits general ledger adjustments planned sheet completed chapter financial statements manually prepared data completed sheet adjusting closing entries recorded journal manually posted general ledger accounts post closing trial balance manually prepared general ledger accounts prove equality debits credits posting adjusting closing entries automated accounting end fiscal period reports printed computer instructions computer software run date end fiscal period reports ending date accounting period prepares financial statements end monthly fiscal period financial statements prepared income statement balance sheet printing financial statements things trial balance prepared
end accounting period general ledger accounts need brought date supplies accounts supplies office supplies store accounts adjusting supplies account asset account expense account adjustments supplies accounts similar supplies adjustment chapter office supplies debited supplies expense office supplies office credited amount store supplies debited supplies expense store supplies store credited amount insurance premiums paid debited asset account prepaid insurance insurance expense recorded month insurance coverage actually prepaid insurance insurance expense adjusted end accounting period prepaid insurance adjustment chapter insurance debited insurance expense amount credited prepaid insurance adjusting entries recorded batch general ledger input form shown illustration page run date adjusting entries month ended abbreviation adjusting entries ent written line doc column keyboard entry tell computer journal entries entered spaces displayed computer monitor entering adjusting entries key enters adjusting entries input form line lines input form key entered processed journal entries report prepared shown illustration
human beings subject object experience subject experience pain inflict pain object inflict pain hurt hurt human beings creatures knowingly bring pain capable bringing happiness joy pleasure kind brings pain kind short term pleasures bring term pain suffering careless eating habits today health problems future similarly experimenting mood altering substances today agonizing addiction future endure pain discomfort reach distant goal mountain climbers runners athletes dancers experience pain strive improve performance kind pain brings term satisfaction reaching goal basis saying pain gain feelings subjective known person feels makes greatest authority feelings objective learn separate feel share feelings thoughts share sharing requires ability communicate effectively communication skills learned communication practice opportunity carries understanding leads understand subjective objective understanding related important experiences relating managing nourishing imaging sheltering
species survive reproducing individuals kind assures hens hatch chicks cats kittens human beings babies makes tadpole frog caterpillar butterfly baby adult human comes pre existing kind growth change reproduction part chemical blueprint individual species heredity sets potential individual determine potential develop depends factors environment chapter examine influence heredity lifespan development processes begin level cell cells tiny invisible naked eye consider drop blood size period end sentence million red blood cells idea tiny amounts matter process body kinds cells body cells sex cells body cells somatic cells continue individual sex cells gametes continue species cells cell membrane creates boundary cell environment cells cell nucleus control center processes occurring cell think cell chemical factory manufactures products performs services needed sustain perform cells factories organized efficient obtain raw materials form oxygen nutrients water process monitor results living cell exchanges substances environment cell membrane acts living filter substances pass keeps substances
child learns language gender enters picture grammar child labels boy girl child body image personal environment carry gender messages children clothes toys possessions parents try raise children degree gender neutrality continues influence child perception gender sex stereotyping labels objects activities girls boys children soon learn gender traits rated differently families preferred sex child male males continue enjoy privileged status leads male dominance advantages women explains asked girls say prefer boys adults interpret mean girls privileges boys getting boy sees advantages female say want mommy comments sexual social tell children learn adults important significant conversely acting ways correspond accepted gender behavior referred gender role adoption applies child adult observable behavior necessarily correspond individual feeling role labeling research suggests flexible attitudes gender role performance relieve individuals necessity adopt aspects gender role feel uncomfortable gender identity reinforced human cycle family context wider social context
sex role stereotypes male automatic superior female changed change future ways males wield greater power social situations females power physical power boys socialized believe macho physically dominating girls women male characteristic males subcultures feel powerful physically personal power past females exercised social power indirectly subtle cues called guide outcome social situations males fearful expressing ideas openly took flight behaviors designed flatter males wanted disguised intelligence let beat competitions women encouraged behave today social situations observant power plays apathy behavior conveys disinterest boredom moves apathetic person real highs lows apathy lead depression feeling sadness melancholy person shake chicago psychologist elaine moor worked teenagers view apathy depression chief symptoms teenage personality disorders apathy pose attempt mask insecurity doubt person pretends bored places barrier learned trust friend shows standing feeling apathy mild depression try person involved involvement enjoyment brings turn feelings
observation real jealousy known cure jealousy generation idea looking male female ideas beauty changed ages facial features body shapes behavior patterns clothing styles courtship dating styles change classic looks times offbeat types rage ideal attractiveness related culture subculture person lives ideas attractiveness extremely subjective tied past experiences liked loved disliked hated feelings carry later relationships explains find attracted type looks behavior meet attract notice casual friendships fun couple click happen lasting relationship involves investment person person investment meaningful relationships built trust patience understanding ability forgive forget meaningful relationships broken major stages initiation maintenance commitment termination timing length stage differ couple couple looking relationship perspective helpful tells stand relationship person thinks relationship stage person feel mutually attracted relationship enters stage initiation test compatibility ability stage early dating culture
natural childbirth mother anesthetics experts believe kind medication childbirth poses danger baby increases risk birth defects natural childbirth father friend mother present encourage help relax labor contractions report participating special event memorable emotionally exhilarating experience bonding refers human interaction results strong emotional ties individuals soon birth bonding process begins parents care touch baby bonding helps lay groundwork parents share later growth development child continuous process initiated birth begun later quality parental care child response care determine strength duration intensity bonding process couple find unable biological parents seek help inability conceive child called infertility infertility traced problems reproductive system father mother quality sperm egg cells produce infertility subject extensive research childless couples want parents number options form reproductive technology vitro fertilization sperm father ovum mother laboratory dish fertilization occurs combined cells form zygote embryo embryo implanted mother womb surgically pregnancy continues recent healthy babies born process methods fail unavailable couples turn options adoption foster parenthood
dream related ideal image discussed unit turning dream reality takes behavior think plan information processing help mean overcome odds system means chance success improves information process intelligently set realistic goals stock environment careers information book step direction goal match skills abilities opportunities develop future prepared qualified advantage opportunities known saying fortune favors prepared mind think noticed luck find ready advantage opportunity stopped think overnight successes frames consider setting realistic goals short range goal week accomplish range goals approached series completed short range goals weeks months achieve range goals important set short middle range goals range goal lose pounds maximize fitness athletic event reach goal plan shorter periods adjust food intake meal change exercise habits weeks months goal class trip set sums weekly allowance paycheck months reach goal
option weigh risks cost weighed benefit anticipate called cost benefit ratio risk analysis cost money outweighs benefit decision risk reject attractive option jody quick decision gang driving house going extra hey beach friends urged jody quick calculation needed extra money gift getting parents anniversary expensive present consider risking boss displeasure maybe fired boss feel depend opportunities overtime hard jody decided costs greater benefit enjoyable beach friends waved headed job risk analysis rapid jody situation unit ii identified ability accept responsibility mature personality trait related skill decisionmaking feedback decision positive negative process information feedback negative adjust strategy positive want strategy situation hard admit mistake makes mistakes learns learn mistake negative feedback positive purpose sign accepting responsibility making excuses psychologists university kansas studied excuse making
consumer waits advantage fluctuations supply demand find advantage bought clothes end season sale advantage fluctuation supply demand manufacturers retailers spend deal money promote goods services costs included price tag things sellers costs include space needed store display promote sell merchandise wages paid store employees president stockroom clerk trend merchandising boom mail order business shop person mail retailers include cost customer service overhead eye catching packaging part manufacturers merchandising efforts recent consumers started reject fancy packaging favor store generic brands bulk packaging result reduced prices packaging mislead consumers thinking buying eliminate practice truth packaging laws passed require manufacturer give quantity package unit pricing laws cities easy consumers compare prices comparable products excessive paper plastic product packaging negative effect environment states bottle laws mandate recycling bottles beverage cans helped reduce environmental impact discarded beverage containers cost advertising included cost goods services highly advertised brands cost local brands house brands
nutritional needs change cycle family needs met meal mother need iron rich low salt meals father low fat diet teenage daughter concerned skin athletic son worry strength energy needs contact sports youngest child food allergy milk flour older relative special diet needs family lifestyle social income area live influence food selection preparation meal planning try meet varied nutritional needs family member stay family food budget planning includes menu planning making market order buying food storing properly finally preparing serving meal avoid waste planning creative leftovers planning leftovers important meal planner number guides help task guide food groups give overview basis meal planning meet nutritional needs variety food sources find planning meal meal full responsibility family meals week rod mom evening switchboard operator volunteered dinner ready rest family signed course gourmet cookery surprised family unexpected treats efforts praised bombed rod enjoyed failures taught family food preferences challenged try interesting dishes foods thought disliked
states cities laws requiring open dating perishable refrigerated foods milk bread package date food sold fresh types information related date labeling pack date tells item processed packaged idea box grocer shelf pull sell date appears foods subject spoilage date item safely products longer shelf carry expiration date months future date items home try date assure fresh tasting product baked goods freshness date item passed peak freshness conservative estimate buying baked goods economize especially product eaten home overnight market order shopping list food plan buy short list head keeping written list helps note comparison prices store store sure list amount number items needed prepare shopping list keeping log items depleted staples cereal milk catsup running low put list run planned market order takes account special diet needs foods hand foods plentiful supply market storage space bulk purchases shelf perishable nonperishable foods cash food stamps coupons food shopping nonfood items needed household upkeep
packaging appreciated vital part marketing familiar box kleenex tissues sold classic packaging allowing user pull tissue classic packaging white tray meat cuts covered thin strong transparent film brainstorm immigrant butcher difficulty conversing customers cleverly figured display wares label giving price weight meat cut customers simply point selections smile complete sale heirs continue hold rights packaging process truck train air freight transportation stage distribution wholesale markets regional local distributors break enormous orders delivery local outlets including restaurants eating establishments supermarket chains truckers trucks transport processed food point sale food service hospitality industries provide thousands jobs careers person opens operates owns small business called entrepreneur futurists predict young successful entrepreneurs begin bottom rung dishwasher learn cook prepare chef food outlet restaurant expand restaurant chain operations president chief executive officer company similar path hospitality industry beginning bellhop moving desk clerk sales catering manager hotel manager owner conrad hilton jobs careers field shown figure
elderly fastest growing segment society estimated age percent american population think needs decades reach retirement age design aging process aging person means anticipating needs envisioning affect living space pointed chapter safety elderly involves preventing falls burns accidents frequently befall aged homes person ages spaces easily managed obstacles present danger vision reflexes aids lighting sturdy railings provided elderly remain independent homes dennis lower executive director national shared housing resource center nonprofit organization philadelphia cost comparisons alternative housing arrangements elderly apartment housing complex elderly averaged month compared average cost month shared home compare annual person cost nursing home annual person cost shared residences provide meals laundry housekeeping services lower costs prevail shared residences provide meals services cases alternatives represent important options elderly live fixed incomes shared housing unrelated occupy single family home shown remarkably effective local zoning ordinances limit number unrelated live shelter
banks agencies governmental units large corporations services analysts collect study analyze data attempt predict coming trends population shifts consumer attitudes economic conditions land developer city manager seek advice marketing fiscal analyst skilled analysts kinds sources specificity data predictions knowledge scientific method sense national global conditions sense happening going happen analysts enjoy working data thinking home economists active housing home furnishings industries home economists realtors interior decorators demonstrators home appliances directors consumer relations utility companies special events coordinators major department stores major appliance manufacturers employ home economists assist product designers instruct dealers special features selling points manufacturer line furniture manufacturers hire consulting home economist conduct market surveys test market designs prototypes future designs home economists act design production process designer integrity safeguarded company image reputation maintained manufacturing process moves smoothly rapidly furniture designers employed major home office furniture manufacturers designs evolve order utilize manufacturing facilities place designer create entirely concept blaze trail lay egg designs introduced major manufacturers carefully developed monitored field tested prototypes introduced models
water quantity quality granted longer free era cheap energy ended end cheap water growing population wasteful water habits precipitate water crisis parts united nations designated international drinking water supply sanitation decade dirty water lack sanitation percent diseases unaware amounts water everyday living american standards cleanliness sanitation enormous demands water resources indoor plumbing granted average flush toilet gallons water flush tub bath thirty forty gallons shower twenty thirty automatic washing machine twenty thirty gallons water automatic dishwasher ten gallons person united states sixty seventy gallons water daily toilet bowl leak noted slight hum gurgle pipe ay waste gallons water daily water usage increases families water lawns hoses leak water runs driveways sidewalks individual basis waste extremely important collective waste population large families need aware water practices anne field department family ecology michigan university found half water consumed average household flush wastes body wastes food wastes dissolved soil
types accounting systems record summarize report business financial information business accounting system desired financial information amount effort regardless accounting system financial information reported specific period accounting system vary size kind business business transactions need bookkeeper accounting clerk record transactions person records transactions business record entries journal part expanded journal record transactions business daily transactions need accounting clerks record transactions larger businesses journals journals permits accounting clerks specialize kind transactions recorded specialization helps improve efficiency recording transactions journal record kind transaction called special journal single journal special journals businesses expect remain business indefinite accounting records assumption business continue indefinitely corporation sells fitness exercise equipment journals record transactions organization legal rights person owned persons called corporation businesses organized corporations corporation formed receiving approval federal agency corporation property incur liabilities enter contracts corporation sell ownership unit ownership corporation called share stock
transactions recorded special journals buys supplies account transaction recorded special journals transaction cash payments transaction recorded cash payments journal transaction purchase merchandise account recorded purchases journal journal amount columns record transactions recorded special journal called general journal general journal debit credit amount columns transaction recorded general journal writing amount account affected general journal record transactions recorded special journals records transactions purchases returns allowances buying supplies account general journal general journal shown illustration page buyer want merchandise inferior quality damaged received buyer allowed return part merchandise purchased merchandise returned buyer credit called purchases return seller lets buyer merchandise reduced price credit allowed part price merchandise returned called purchases allowance purchases return allowance confirmed writing details stated letter form form prepared buyer showing price deduction buyer returns allowances called debit memorandum form called debit memorandum amount deduction debit liability account accounts payable
date written date column account debited supplies recorded account title column amount debit entered debit column accounts credited accounts payable goldman office supplies written line account title column accounts indented centimeter diagonal line account titles diagonal line post ref column show credit posted accounts amount credit entered credit column source document recorded line indented centimeters amount general journal debit credit columns posted general ledger account posting entry supplies bought account general journal shown illustration page date written date column general ledger account supplies abbreviation general journal entered post ref column supplies account amount general journal debit column recorded debit column supplies account amount debit column added previous balance debit balance column balance recorded debit balance column supplies account number written post ref column general journal show completion posting line credit entry posted date written date column general ledger account accounts payable abbreviation general journal entered post ref column accounts payable account
follows procedures computer interface record opening account balances general ledger input form record general ledger opening account balances accounts payable input form record vendor opening account balances accounts receivable input form record customer opening account balances opening account balances recorded data input form key entered computer stored computer prepares general ledger opening balances report vendor opening balances report customer opening balances report follows procedures computer interface record process transactions affecting subsidiary ledgers general ledger input form form gl record transactions affecting accounts payable accounts receivable subsidiary ledgers transaction data recorded keyboard entry tells computer journal entries entered transaction data key entered line batch lines key entered processed journal entries report prepared types transactions affect accounts payable purchase merchandise account cash payment account purchases discount purchases returns allowances buying supplies account accounts payable input form form ap record transactions affecting accounts payable accounts payable input form similar computer interface input form additional columns discount percentage column column debit memorandum amount column column columns later computer interface
customer number written column sales invoice number sales discount applies recorded sales column date cash received entered date column month recorded month entry month run date columns left blank data stored secondary storage initial sale account recorded discount percentage written disc column column left blank column record credit memorandum amounts amount cash received recorded cash received column source document number entered comment column granted credit lloyd merchandise returned sales tax total credit memorandum entry record sales return transaction line illustration customer number written column sales invoice number credit granted recorded sales column credit granted entered date column amount credit merchandise returned written credit memo amount column computer figures amount sales tax return source document number recorded comment column transactions recorded page columns totaled totals recorded space provided bottom input form shown illustration
net pay column record amount due employee net pay figured subtracting amount employee total deductions employee total earnings ms collins net pay total earnings total deductions net pay recorded employee amount column totaled accuracy additions verified subtracting total deductions column total total earnings column total result equal total net pay column amounts agree errors found corrected totals proved double rule drawn totals amount columns total earnings line payroll register illustration page total deductions line total net pay february total earnings total deductions check written employee net pay payroll computations checked accuracy manager approves payroll accuracy verified check written check number recorded column payroll check issued ms collins pays employees check special payroll check form detachable stub recording earnings amounts deducted employees stubs record deductions cash received information prepare payroll checks payroll register payroll check pay period ended february shown illustration page check total payroll amount written regular checking account check deposited separate bank account payroll checks
business sales account bad debts sales business estimate amount bad debts expense estimate end fiscal period estimated amount bad debts expense recorded reasons recording estimated bad debts expense prevents overstatement accounts receivable balance sheet bad debts expense included income statement fiscal period sales account net accounts receivable reported balance sheet shown part reported subtracting estimated uncollectible accounts balance accounts receivable difference balance accounts receivable estimated uncollectible accounts called book accounts receivable business determine customers fail pay accounts future company customers pay specific customers accounts credited uncollectible balance accounts receivable controlling account equal sum customers accounts subsidiary ledger specific customers accounts subsidiary ledger credited accounts receivable account general ledger credited company record estimated bad debts expense records estimated bad debts expense making adjusting entry estimated uncollectible accounts debited expense account titled bad debts expense amount credited account titled allowance uncollectible accounts allowance bad debts allowance doubtful accounts account titles allowance uncollectible accounts account reduces related account financial statement known contra account
separate plant asset account delivery equipment delivery equipment debited cost delivery truck cash credited amount entry posted delivery equipment general ledger appears shown illustration balance delivery equipment original cost delivery equipment owned january balance delivery equipment original cost delivery equipment owned april debit balance delivery equipment shows original cost delivery equipment owned business buys plant assets earning revenue bought truck delivering merchandise customers plans operate truck entire plant assets truck decrease plant assets decrease passage older models plant assets exception land limited plant assets generally portion plant asset cost transferred expense fiscal period plant asset earn revenue portion plant asset cost transferred expense account fiscal period plant asset known depreciation depreciation expense differs business expenses significant business expenses cash paid fiscal period expense recorded cash generally paid salaries fiscal period salary expense recorded salaries cash generally paid plant asset bought depreciation expense recorded paid delivery truck
end fiscal period december figures depreciation expense plant asset total depreciation expense figured plant assets kind depreciation expense delivery truck depreciation expense delivery equipment total delivery equipment depreciation expense total depreciation expense kind plant asset december adjusting entry record estimated depreciation expense fiscal period accounts show delivery equipment account accumulated depreciation account depreciation expense account adjustment depreciation expense effect adjustment delivery equipment depreciation expense shown accounts depreciation expense delivery equipment debited show increase balance expense account balance account estimated depreciation expense accounting period accumulated depreciation delivery equipment credited show increase balance contra account january balance annual increase equals december balance delivery equipment account balance minus accumulated depreciation account balance equals delivery equipment book similar adjusting entry record estimated depreciation expense store equipment office equipment book kind plant asset adjustments december plans adjustments depreciation expense adjustments columns sheet december adjustments depreciation plant assets partial sheet shown illustration
general ledger accounts need brought date financial statements prepared accounts brought date planning recording adjustments sheet part corporation adjustments sheet similar proprietorships partnerships adjustments similar bad debts expense merchandise inventory supplies prepaid insurance depreciation expense delivery equipment depreciation expense office equipment depreciation expense store equipment depreciation expense account equipment recorded equipment account depreciation expense accounts major type equipment depreciation expense adjustments similar businesses records separate depreciation expense adjustment type equipment makes adjustments accounts similar corporations proprietorships partnerships interest income interest expense additional adjustment federal income tax owed corporation adjustment proprietorships partnerships taxes paid owners business adjustments generally order accounts listed sheet interest income earned current fiscal period received needs recorded accounts making adjustment accrued interest income interest receivable interest income analysis adjustment accrued interest income chapter accrued interest income adjustment shown sheet adjustments columns illustration pages steps recording adjustment accrued interest income sheet
estimated bad debts expense debit bad debts expense allowance uncollectible accounts credited amount bad debts expense adjustment lines sheet merchandise inventory balance trial balance beginning inventory fiscal period amount ending inventory determined counting merchandise hand end fiscal period adjusting entry bring merchandise inventory date end fiscal period balance shown merchandise inventory account analysis merchandise inventory adjustment part beginning merchandise inventory shown line trial balance debit column sheet ending merchandise inventory december counted determined bring merchandise inventory account date merchandise inventory needs increased ending inventory beginning inventory adjustment increase merchandise inventory account debit merchandise inventory income summary credited amount merchandise inventory adjustment lines sheet ending merchandise inventory beginning merchandise inventory difference decrease debited income summary credited merchandise inventory accounts adjusting supplies supplies supplies expense analysis supplies adjustment part supplies debit supplies expense supplies credited amount supplies adjustment lines sheet
income statement balance sheet columns totaled totals written shown line sheet illustration income statement credit column total income statement debit column total credit column total debit column total equals difference amount written income statement debit column line sheet net income federal income tax written account title column line income statement columns totaled shown line sheet net income amount federal income tax written balance sheet credit column line balance sheet columns totaled shown line totals balance sheet debit balance sheet credit columns assumed correct double lines ruled income statement balance sheet columns line show completed financial statements report financial progress condition business corporation financial statements similar prepared proprietorships partnerships prepares important financial statements income statement statement stockholders equity balance sheet income statement reports financial progress business fiscal period revenue cost merchandise sold gross profit operating expenses net income net loss reported income statements income statement prepared information found income statement columns sheet illustration procedures preparing income statement similar income statement ended december shown illustration page
cash recorded shown line record illustration cash written explanation column cash amount written parentheses payments column payments amount column subtraction amounts amount title cash short written payments account column actual cash hand entered payments column line receipts payments columns ruled shown line record voucher prepared replenishing petty cash fund original amount vouchers payable amount amount paid cash transaction replenish petty cash analyzed accounts debit entries accounts petty cash record distribution payments columns credit entries vouchers payable cash short cash period cash short cash short debit entry procedures preparing recording voucher replenish petty cash fund steps page balance cash short account closed income summary end fiscal period cash short debit balance reported income statement expenses credit balance reported revenue businesses cash payments journal follow similar petty cash fund procedures businesses voucher system voucher system voucher voucher register establish replenish petty cash fund businesses cash payments journal establish replenish petty cash fund cash payments journal establish replenish petty cash fund
merchandise inventory larger needed decrease net income business reasons excess inventory requires expensive store warehouse space excess inventory requires capital invested advantage assets excess inventory increases taxes insurance premiums paid merchandise inventory hand excess inventory obsolete merchandise inventory smaller needed decrease net income business reasons sales lost competitors items wanted customers hand sales lost insufficient variety merchandise customers want merchandise reordered small quantities costs ordered larger quantities inventories hand end fiscal period known figure cost merchandise sold principal methods determine quantity type merchandise hand merchandise inventory determined counting weighing measuring items merchandise hand called periodic inventory periodic inventory known physical inventory merchandise inventory determined keeping continuous record increase decreases balance hand called perpetual inventory perpetual inventory known book inventory counting weighing measuring merchandise hand periodic inventory commonly known taking inventory taking periodic inventory large task periodic inventory end fiscal businesses frequently set end fiscal inventory low point smaller inventory takes count
businesses keeping computerized perpetual inventory special cash register part system item merchandise code number recorded cash register sale result paper tape prepared inside cash register coded record items sold paper tape bring perpetual inventory computer date special cash registers connected directly computer sale recorded cash register information transferred directly computer inventory records brought date immediately costs recorded inventory forms periodic inventory quantities merchandise hand counted purchase invoices catalogs find merchandise costs costs recorded inventory forms extensions total cost inventory figured businesses methods figure cost merchandise inventory weighted average takes periodic inventory end fiscal period company assumes merchandise purchased merchandise sold assumes ending inventory consists recently purchased merchandise recent invoices purchases recording costs item inventory forms recently received parachute pull lines shelves older lines merchandise purchased merchandise sold method determining cost inventory nearly follows actual flow merchandise
story robinson crusoe known lived desert island difficult tedious created projects amuse talk place worst appearance called friday things bit easier companionship crusoe help longer responsible task living robinson crusoe friday formed society island society group individuals similar goals interests case goal simple stay alive person belong societies family small society member family helps meet requirements family live town city society common interest activities community larger scale living united states part society societies exist prefer living living want friends call times need want load shared friday robinson crusoe fishing cooking sewing housekeeping friday arrival concentrate jobs true societies belong hard earn money need don food purchased grocery store cars buses travel
command system individual say economic decisions systems government controlled small group members small group important economic decisions decide produce economy select products prices sold government decides earn difficult change jobs government permission government control extends finding place live told kind house apartment live command systems individuals allowed types private property clothes food buy bicycles cars businesses sell goods owned government land houses factories belong government government owns oil coal iron natural resources major difference command free enterprise systems concerns freedom command system deal power small group result individual citizens freedom told pay things buy decisions centralized contrast learned choices decentralized free enterprise system individuals free decisions believe power economic decisions government gains power control citizens ways understand economic power control consider jobs housing command system government tells live
scarcity limits amounts kinds goods services produced think rare athlete ability professional basketball football unfortunately overlap seasons sports games fall person skill play person forced choice question produce answered economic system businesses variety products specialize area clothing food machines energy areas managers decide thousands products produced manager large farm choose produce wheat corn potatoes economic system decides produce determine producing needed goods services service produced ways consider frozen meat pies shopper learn quickly companies decisions concerning ingredients pies single crust brands stuffed meat trace meat brand corn peas potatoes gravy peas floating middle question produce refers methods produce service compare neighborhood bakery large company baked goods grocery store neighborhood bakery pies largely hand large firm capital equipment mixes crust rolls cuts adds filling automatically final products pies similar production methods remember lincoln story boys apple produced problem deciding
suppose chance earning huge profits participating business venture possibility profits reward fewer entrepreneurs free enterprise system risk takers thing change economic system entrepreneurs play important role development products home computers copying machines telephones electric lights introduced entrepreneurs harder products addition developing products entrepreneurs play important role helping society factors production efficiently remember amount profits earned entrepreneur depends left expenses business paid entrepreneur profits reduce expenses finding ways cut cost producing products entrepreneurs increase rewards cost cutting benefits society entrepreneur ways found scarce resources efficiently making product resources saved satisfy human wants entrepreneur help society conserve resources henry ford assembly line producing automobiles early ford realized build cars money firms vehicles moving belt moved worker worker assembly line idea ford motor company successful automobile manufacturer henry ford reward millions dollars profits society reward expensive cars produced fewer scarce resources profits money left business paid expenses entrepreneurs risks order earn large amounts money quest profits called profit motive
businesses compete trying offer product superior competitors fine restaurants fit category restaurants bill likely high food worth extra steak sure tender cooked amount pleasant atmosphere location draw nicer restaurant quality competition important industries cars mercedes benz reputation fine workmanship sold higher price makers fine watches survive marketplace products prices ten times higher brands movie draw full house ticket prices higher theaters popular movies shown henry ford leading producer automobiles told consumers ford color wanted wanted black fords purchased low price variety buyer stuck basic model company produced reasons price low kind car produced need train workers jobs machines designed specific purposes large quantities paint materials purchased discount prices firm resources geared production basic ford automobile early fords unusually cars favorite color black consumers willing pay higher price car liking
achieve economic growth resource allocation resources put employ skilled brain surgeon worker pencil factory poor allocation resources factory sells pencils cents worker output cents multiplied million pencils worker helps produce brain surgeon person perform operations valued total shifting person pencil factory operating room result gnp increase pencil output decrease medical output increase changing jobs moving job pays offers interesting challenging capital resources move industry suppose building small grocery store converted video game arcade nearby modern supermarket business small corner grocery store converting grocery store building video game arcade increase gross national product labor capital brought produce goods services pencil factory workers machinery produce pencils increase production pencils adding workers machinery true economy important source economic growth increase number workers amount capital capital resources economy increase shift part gnp consumer goods capital goods hold part income consumption part income savings spent income consumer goods services left spending machinery trucks capital goods
addition national labor relations board nlrb set enforce law union members appeal nlrb employers refuse recognize bargain nlrb steps rival unions try organize company workers company decide recognize general purpose nlrb act watchdog labor business relations assures business labor violates law war ii number strikes important industries problems created strikes caused think unions powerful result taft hartley act passed limit power organized labor act president united states delay strike president thinks strike problems nation national railroad strike affect supplies fuel food entire country taft hartley act president order striking workers job days cooling period labor management settle differences provision taft hartley act makes closed shops illegal closed shop place business hires union members practice considered unfair reduce job opportunities workers union members union shops related closed shops union shop nonunion workers hired join union short starting opponents argue shops limit individuals decide want part organized labor defenders system argue workers benefit union bargaining contribute union claim non affiliated workers receive benefits paying
government makes sure businesses individuals abide contracts sign manufacturer airline court manufacturer proves case judge issue court order compelling airline honor contract airline pay manufacturer planes court require airline pay costs bringing matter court boxing match referee prevent biting clearly rules sports referees difficult decisions difference blocking foul charging foul basketball hard determine player sincerely believe player fouled role referee fair decision based sees honest disagreements occur economic system sports involved problem unable agreement cases government serve referee resolve dispute consider developer computer software believes company unfairly copied program business argue product company managers businesses honestly believe result impossible firms resolve disagreement solution matter court let judge jury decide verdict issued court sure parties abide court terms violate court order fined put prison resolving honest disagreements court system expensive large corporation spend millions dollars lawyers research case finally decided disagreements individuals involve small amounts money
antitrust laws designed increase amount competition firms prevent companies dealing unfairly consumers companies antitrust laws focus size firms deal firms conduct businesses chapter learned companies market power need compete monopolies considerable market power single seller service monopoly free need compete result consumers pay high price product firm monopoly larger firms industry controls market industry companies industry simply compete antitrust laws allow government break large corporations face competition recent american telephone telegraph atnt provided local distance telephone service united states federal government announced firm split smaller companies parent company atnt continue provide distance telephone service firms supply local service geographic areas easier prevent firm large break mergers firms grow merger occurs firms combine form company antitrust laws prevent mergers government decides merger result firm market power government lawyers court stop merger courts agree merger allowed competition keeps prices low firms try win sales managers companies try avoid competing firms industry decide set price service
important goals economic system inflation unemployment acceptable levels learned government collects data price unemployment rates data tell government meeting economic goals help government decisions improve economic performance methods federal government dealing inflation unemployment called fiscal policy monetary policy complicated section help understand basic ideas fiscal policy refers government action increase gnp reduce unemployment inflation federal government spends billions dollars buys submarines missiles pays dams bridges interstate highways builds federal courthouses purchases furniture supplies federal offices advocates fiscal policy argue increasing decreasing spending government increases decreases total demand goods services economy argue submarine highway mint government finances creates jobs give money workers spend consumer goods hand government decides build ship dam demand goods services drops workers laid money spend consumer goods government spending affect gnp inflation unemployment advocates fiscal policy argue economy recession government spending increased raise gnp lower unemployment rate alternatively government level spending unchanged change amount taxes collects individuals businesses learned chapter taxes reduced money spend
cases clear reason enterprise run government private enterprise goods services provided government city supplied private firms city places local government garbage collection cities contracts private businesses collection garbage private firm job lower cost federal government spends billions dollars national defense money goes pay soldiers purchase weapons equipment repair existing weapons equipment argue money spent defense agrees defense important national defense responsibility federal government private firms sell protection individual citizens clearly reason enormous cost national defense public public goods goods consume individual pays think situation private firm sells national defense suppose salesperson comes house offers install missiles area community missiles supposed provide family complete protection attack foreign country price family parent agrees writes check full amount salesperson goes door friend house makes offer friend parent decides participate response wise business decision family receives protection missile attack company avoid providing protection neighbors system protects house protect house door neighbors pay prevented consuming service offered firm reason pay
national debt huge amount money large misleading evaluate national debt terms total size measure debt percentage gross national product present national debt percent gnp meaning debt half output terms large unusual family home mortgage debt times amount income family earns families unduly burdened amount debt federal government function debt half annual income protection problems resulting national debt growing economy reason gnp increases amount taxes collected government increases problems caused large growing debt problems large national debt identified national debt owed government agencies federal reserve system remainder held private individuals privately owned debt held united states citizens national debt consists dollars owe taxes collected taxpayers pay interest bondholders problem redistribution income caused national debt result rich getting richer receive interest payments money lent federal government likely average incomes tax system collects dollars taxpayers high income investors believe money spent federal government wasted
private organizations provide information goods services known consumers research consumers union united states nonprofit corporations evaluate test products effectiveness safety results tests reported monthly magazines published organizations features consumer protection laws ratings movies reports questionable business practices included consumer reports consumers union magazine known magazine kind recent issue contained reports video cassette recorders small cars oven cleaners travel hawaiian islands typically reports compare products sellers recommend quality products consumer reports accept advertising magazine worry offending advertisers contrast consumer oriented publications accept advertising magazines problem business major advertiser introduces poor quality product unfavorable report product company cancel advertising result magazines rarely publish negative report product consumers cautious recommendations products found publications magazine accept advertising totally objective evaluating goods services consumers expect stores honest business dealings businesses expect consumers honest unfortunately choose play rules problems faced businesses today shoplifting recent billion merchandise stolen stores times amount bank robbers
decision trade car based marginal cost alternatives think costs station wagon cost gasoline compact car purchased family spend gasoline buy compact car cost decision based cost buying compact car justified marginal cost buying compact car keeping station wagon money saved purchasing gas additional cost car point consumers consider entire marginal cost consumption decision consider part cost poor choice price gasoline increased dramatically selling large cars low prices buying small cars high prices simply going save hundred dollars gasoline approach sound account marginal costs sunk costs expenditures recovered paid week repairs motorcycle sunk cost sunk costs important consumer decisions costs important future costs person control motorcycle repaired soon need engine overhaul cost motorcycle older model questionable worth spending repairs tempted think spent repairs week repairs protect week expenditure actually money spent week totally irrelevant recovered bearing week
buyer goes bank borrow money car bank consults publication called national automobile dealers association blue book determine lend blue book monthly publication lists retail prices domestic foreign cars past addition price book shows average loan amount car loan amount percent car maximum bank lend suppose find chevrolet want buy seller price average retail price shown blue book loan listed book borrow buy car difference loan selling price need payment additional money sales tax licensing fee states pay sales tax purchase car sales tax rate percent sales tax car fees registration license plates typically apply loan bank want earn information important bank demonstrate income able monthly payments interest rate charged bank percent monthly payment loan loan loan monthly payment lower loan total interest paid entire period considerably payments paid loan case interest loan total interest loan difference nearly
minerals widely distributed body minerals calcium phosphorus function structural materials bones teeth sodium potassium control flow substances cells iron needed form hemoglobin substance carries oxygen bloodstream minerals form acids bases conduct nerve impulses link form organic molecules foods eat vary greatly mineral content baby senior citizen needs nutrients amounts factors affect individual nutrient needs age sex body size activity level teenagers undergoing rapid growth spurt involved high energy activities sports strenuous dancing stands reason need nutrients energy greater elderly person older physically active age body internal operations slow energy requirement body maintenance decreases age conditions illness fever burns increase nutrient energy needs conditions pregnancy breast feeding stress alter nutrient needs nutrient needed promote growth maintain health united states government concerned question shortage food war ii group nutrition scientists met develop nutrient intake recommendations recommendations designed ensure nutritional adequacy meals military general public war initial need guidelines recommended dietary allowances rdas developed national nutrition surveys conducted past provided data common nutritional problems united states concerns teenager summarized table
human body complex machine similar car needs adequate fuel supply operate mentioned chapter body need energy requirement water carbohydrates fats proteins serve body fuel supply running marathon swimming laps requires visible expenditure energy forget energy body internal body processes fact energy needed maintain body temperature food eaten body nutrients food eat body requires body highly involved process break food steps process digestion absorption metabolism process produces waste products eliminated means excretion digestion chemical mechanical process breaking food illustration process begins mouth mechanical action chewing saliva mixes food particles split process known hydrolysis hydrolysis aided enzymes substances speed chemical reactions specific enzymes needed break carbohydrates fats proteins enzymes locations digestive tract moist small food particles swallowed moved esophagus stomach mechanical action peristalsis mixture food water enzymes stomach referred chyme mixed hydrochloric acid secreted cells line stomach slowly stomach contents passed small intestine high fat meal remains stomach longer foods starch sugar fat satiety feeling fullness emptying intestine contents neutralized process acid weakened
hamburger source protein fat let follow digestion protein meat chewed saliva mouth swallowed moved esophagus enter stomach protein digestion begins stomach hydrochloric acid activates enzyme pepsin enzyme splits protein simpler molecules polypeptides means chyme smaller protein products released small intestine enzyme trypsin activated trypsin activates additional protein enzymes protein substances continue split forming peptides amino acids amino acids end products protein digestion illustration fat digestion begins stomach action enzyme gastric lipase enzyme able break short chain triglycerides component fatty acids glycerol chain length refers number carbon atoms linked small medium chain triglycerides absorbed small intestine directly bloodstream large chain emulsified soluble water broken fats released small intestine bile larger molecules bile secreted liver stored gallbladder released small intestine fat leaves stomach bile fat globules allowing mix water based fluids pancreas releases enzyme lipase splits fat digestive end products free fatty acids glycerol illustration food separated simpler substances nutrients including vitamins minerals absorbed small intestine bloodstream small intestine feet surface small intestine specially designed carry absorption process
niacin acid form plays role release energy carbohydrates fats proteins result amount needed body direct proportion caloric intake early disease epidemic proportions hit southeastern united states thousands sought treatment symptoms diarrhea dermatitis dry scaly skin dementia confusion memory loss severe cases resulted death disease labeled caused bacteria virus victims factor common poor diet corn meal salt pork comprised major portion diet low income south study linked lack vital dietary substance niacin foods rich niacin include meat poultry fish legumes table fruits vegetables grains dairy products smaller amounts niacin addition body able convert amino acid tryptophan niacin diet providing adequate protein furnish additional source niacin niacin diet measured niacin equivalents exception rule recent medical findings large doses water soluble vitamin toxic symptoms toxicity include difficulty walking numbness feet hands facial paralysis makes vitamin unique vitamin actually complex chemically related compounds vitamin major role energy release required breakdown building amino acids body needs vitamin efficient protein amount required parallels protein intake lack vitamin results form anemia red cells pale smaller normal symptoms include weakness irritability sleeplessness
food sources high magnesium include nuts dried beans peas grains cereals seafood chocolate half magnesium consume absorbed table salt sodium chloride visible source sodium diet illustration sodium comprises compound weight teaspoon salt milligrams sodium sodium plays role nerve impulse acid base balance metabolism carbohydrates proteins illustration sodium body present fluid cells solution sodium potassium chloride ability electrical charges electrically charged particles calls ions positive ion sodium exerts major force regulating body water balance sodium intake varies daily kidneys maintain constant internal level retaining excreting sodium control mechanism fails properly excess sodium retained body extra water retained result blood volume increases blood pressure person risk hypertension high blood pressure advised limit sodium intake addition table salt sodium widely food beverages health products drinking water varies natural sodium softened water higher sodium content table foods preserved flavored salt salt brine pickles sauerkraut olives cured smoked meats foods high sodium include canned soups vegetables snack items chips crackers pretzels sources sodium overlooked consumer include glutamate msg soy sauce baking soda sodium saccharin sodium benzoate sodium nitrate find sodium toothpaste
trace minerals focus current nutritional research minerals present minute quantities body scientists recently developed equipment study presence role human nutrition equally important determination nutritional requirements trace minerals extremely toxic larger quantities addition trace minerals function proportion supplementing diet trace mineral proportionately decrease presence generally trace minerals function parts body compounds enzymes vitamins hormones presence diet depends mineral content soil food grown foods eat today supermarket shelves stocked foods produced hemisphere mineral deficiencies unlikely diverse food supply food processing removes valuable trace elements diet relies heavily processed foods inadequate trace minerals major role iron plays body component hemoglobin iron protein hemoglobin present red blood cells responsible transport oxygen cells iron serves similar purpose myoglobin muscle protein addition iron part enzymes involved protein synthesis red blood cell days hemoglobin continually formed body efficiently recycles iron excreted fact body excreting excess iron intestine controls amount absorbed iron stores low absorption dietary iron increases forms dietary iron iron exists organic compound red blood cells muscle tissue eating meat organic iron
substances carcinogens scientists able predict amount considered harmful combined cancer smoking effects profound carcinogens present environment difficult judge impact diet cancer relationship diet cancer nutrients diet advance inhibit effect carcinogens diet high fat linked cancer colon breast exact relationship remains unclear diet high fat increase intestinal release bile acid chemical compound fat bile acids known carcinogenic risk colon cancer increased diet low fiber high fat fiber diet studied theory bind harmful substances permit faster excretion women high fat diet affect levels hormones imbalance hormones promote cancer breast positive side vitamins carotene believed protect cancers vitamin inhibits conversion nitrates nitrosamines risk colon breast cancer modifying diet advisable general limiting food sources known carcinogens worth consideration eating variety foods lessens chance exposed excess amounts harmful substance american institute cancer research promoted dietary lower cancer risk illustration dietary fiber term carbohydrate cellulose type fiber takes water colon increases stool bulk diet high fiber related shorter transit waste products
excess drinking severely affect person health period number diseases including ulcers cirrhosis injury liver tissue malnutrition inadequate nutrition result frequent extended alcohol consumption cirrhosis seventh leading death primary frequent excessive consumption alcohol chemical breakdown alcohol occurs liver products breakdown toxic liver cells cells die liver unable perform functions ethanol nutrient provide energy fact ethanol yields calories equal weight carbohydrate protein translated practical terms means calories ounces beer calories ounces wine calories ounces whiskey high caloric values major problem drinking obesity excess calories lack essential nutrients malnutrition problem heavy drinker finally consuming ethanol poses concern women child bearing consumption alcoholic beverages pregnancy tragic effects unborn baby including mental retardation physical defects abnormalities referred fetal alcohol syndrome scientists ethanol takes harm unborn baby medical authorities strongly suggest women drink alcoholic beverages pregnancy difficult imagine impact illness injury lives easy health granted health threatened
compare meals main meal menu page added calorie meal increase calorie content foods essentially portion sizes fat content account difference calories previous chapters foods identified primary sources major nutrients general food listed source vitamin mineral balancing calories necessarily provide quality diet key nutritional quality eating wide variety foods lunch consists hamburger wheat bun lettuce tomato mayonnaise cheese glass milk banana wide variety food items eating lunch limits variety foods eat vary selections trying items varying lunch regulate daily caloric intake choose restaurants vary food calorie intake eat select specializing hamburgers occasion fish featuring array fresh vegetables salads fruit fast foods high calories table pages compares amount calories sodium found fast food items obtain nutritional calories spent compare nutrient density food choices nutrient density means food high amount nutrients compared number calories task determine foods provide maximum amounts essential nutrients providing excessive calories number calories food depends percent fats carbohydrates proteins present food fats provide calories gram carbohydrate protein identifying fat content food help judge relative calorie content
consumer risks nutrition misinformation nutrition misinformation financial health consequences consumer excess doses vitamin mineral supplements result nutrient toxicity imbalance risks person health greater supplements seeking medical treatment illness misinformation instill false hope cure disease chronic illness nutrition misinformation expensive paperback books false misleading information sell health foods cost usual supermarket brand vitamin mineral supplements vary widely cost annual supply costs hundred dollars purchasing unnecessary nutrient supplements money spent nutritious foods needs fact especially important limited fixed incomes nutrition misinformation potentially harmful illustration amendment united states constitution assures free speech intentionally accident write book discuss subject television radio talk show authors obligation prove statements nutrition true sellers prosecuted fraud false claims product label advertising misleading advertising prosecuted grossly deceptive federal trade commission limited staff limited concentrates major abusers curb false advertising illustration united states post office prosecute nutrition fraud mail quantity mail order health nutrition frauds makes difficult handle cases
heat processing increase storage food item prevent growth microorganisms illustration blanching pasteurization sterilization examples heat processing blanching involves heating product steam hot water temperatures commonly inactivate food enzymes freezing dehydration blanching canning soften tissue remove tissue gases inactivate enzymes process designed inactivate part microorganisms present food resulting food product sterile method combined preservation process assure food safety pasteurized milk refrigerated milk pasteurized hold method high temperature short method hold method milk heated held temperature minutes cooled lower short method milk heated seconds quickly cooled lower sterilization involves heat treatment kill microorganisms present achieve complete sterilization particle food held killing temperature destroy microorganisms process undesirable effects nutritional flavor color texture food canning temperature combination charts developed assure microorganisms killed effect food quality words acceptable level sterility type number microorganisms present raw food affect processing required depends rate heat reach raise innermost particles killing temperature growing bacteria killed minutes bacteria clostridium botulinum produce spores
nitrates nitrites occur naturally food items green vegetables large amounts nitrates spinach stores nitrates levels dangerous infants months young infants ability rid bodies nitrate young infants ingest nitrate develop condition called skin turns blue blood carry adequate oxygen ground water water present soil high nitrates nitrate levels increased farm land runoff frequent application liquid lawn fertilizers result private wells tested presence nitrate nitrates nitrites toxic adults important understand lot cured meat kill weighing pounds eat pounds cured meat products meal death nitrates nitrites called cancer causing agents carcinogens true compounds converted body nitrosamines nitrosamines carcinogenic caused cancer animal species studied nitrosamines defects unborn animals able change hereditary characteristics nitrosamines definitely unacceptable nitrite effective prevent botulism food poisoning banning nitrite result increase botulism poisoning elimination cured meat products risks benefits nutrients added improve maintain nutritional food table foods vitamins minerals added processing known enriched nutrients replaced level naturally occurred processing nutrients added higher natural levels foods originally source nutrient known fortified
pattern frequent snacking sugar foods begin childhood children avoid frequent sweetened drinks candies cookies cakes nutrient dense snacks fresh fruits vegetables grain products milk products important part child diet prevent tooth decay brushing flossing teeth meals encouraged fluoride supplement recommended water supply fluoridated basal energy needs decline decade adult energy needs adults vary greatly depending daily activiites adult office job requires calories person engaged heavy manual labor leisure pursuits count total calorie need participating regular aerobic exercise requires energy watching television adjusting quantity food consumed meet style nutrition challenge adults obesity major problem unable balance energy intake output healthful adult diet pattern designed meet nutritional needs excess calories eating wide variety nutrient dense foods prudent advice body ages adult chronic diseases begin surface modification diet suggested chapter decrease risk developing chronic disease adult women special nutritional needs women low iron blood loss menstruation increases woman need iron methods contraception pregnancy prevention influence woman nutrition needs intrauterine device iud bleeding menstruation heavier iron needs greater birth control pill blood triglycerides cholesterol levels elevated
small frequent meals easier older person eat digest increasing dietary fiber helps correct constipation person teeth poorly fitting dentures diet consisting soft foods special diet modifications required persons chronic diseases dietitian consulted assist meal planning special diets food patterns point included animal products major source dietary proteins vegetarian meatless diet patterns existed centuries choose follow vegetarian diets reasons meatless eating patterns prescribed moral religious reasons religious monks avoid meat comply vows simple style abstaining meat considered act discipline religious groups hindus believe human souls present animal forms animal killed food economic necessity reason eating diet meat cost availability animal products forced cultures develop eating practices excluded meat mexican diet pattern tortillas beans additionally health concerns natural foods movement prompted vegetarians vegetarian diet lower saturated fat cholesterol calories higher fiber average diet includes meat incidence obesity heart disease cancer osteoporosis digestive tract disorders reportedly vegetarians recently issues global ecology food distribution presented reasons changing meatless diet pattern vegetarians vary widely foods include exclude eating pattern generally types patterns recognized vegetarian pattern includes milk milk products eggs plant foods
fao reports global food production averages calories person food energy equally distributed countries countries large amount grain fed livestock significant amount lost spoilage pests according fao total calorie deficit nations studied estimated billion calories equal energy provided million tons wheat amount wheat grain harvest billion october eighteenth century economist thomas malthus set theory population food supply malthus stated population unchecked increases geometrical ratio ratio numbers food production increases arithmetical ratio difference number predecessor accepting theory means left uncontrolled population demands eventually exceed food production capacity earth concerns regarding uncontrolled population growth sparked effort population growth food production increased birth rates declined population continues grow illustration current population estimated billion projected reach billion illustration immense population southeast asia lower birth rates presents greatest challenge meeting future food needs illustration producing food makes guarantee elimination hunger experts claim current food problem developing countries global lack food
begin preparing success learning chosen field business taking classes school working business similar intend start school offer classes directly related future enterprise able study auto repair general merchandise retailing interior design printing prepare business ownership fields addition classes accounting marketing record keeping keyboarding computer programming entrepreneurs experience contact problems faced entrepreneurs chosen field variety tasks important length experience learn major activities making product providing service keeping records selling obtain experience enrolling cooperative education program working school summer graduation choose full obtain skills ways prepare success surprising thousands start enterprises thinking employed advantages thought disadvantages words entrepreneurship decided create enterprise start preparing business plan business plan written description part enterprise beginning definition business intend conduct business plan maps course enterprise
persons quit secure jobs invest money enterprise stake taking risk businesses succeed provide profits hand business fail financial ruin entrepreneurs willing middle road moderate risks moderate risk means chances winning small results left purely chance sure happen depend person abilities actions entrepreneurs challenges suited skills want things happen let happen chance successful entrepreneurs confidence confidence means believing achieve set afraid chances job strong feeling oneself important owner small business spell difference success failure confidence sustains owner difficult times growth business confidence means realistic limits abilities entrepreneurs afraid ask help difficult tasks creating enterprise hard helping customers keeping accounting records cleaning duties perform deliveries order supplies repair equipment employees help health physical stamina important businesses firmly established entrepreneurs feel freedom put fewer hours
prepared spend money improve physical condition business remodel buildings repair replace equipment problem energy usage older buildings insulated properly causing high bills heating cooling delivery trucks business gas mileage check items inventory clothing store items apparel soiled torn plumbing shop pieces pipe fittings rusty starting scratch means establishing enterprise choose going business look advantages disadvantages advantages starting business scratch freedom decisions opportunity develop image choice location choice physical facilities start enterprise free decisions choose started limited location specific products services hire employees choose suppliers want words decide customers feel business enterprise image enterprises enjoy favorable image business develop favorable image start deciding locate important decisions mean difference success failure course limited amount money buy rent facilities able select locations starting business obtain location deciding location closely related deciding physical facilities physical facilities refer buildings parking lots driveways
accounting profession guided principles concepts provide standardization consistency performed number organizations provide assistance influence development principles concepts financial accounting standards board responsible development standards financial accounting reporting problems occur studies issues develops recommended solutions distributed review accounting organizations individual accountants accepted accounting profession publishes statements financial accounting standards financial accounting concepts statements recognized professional accountant generally accepted accounting principles american institute certified public accountants aicpa organization practicing certified public accountants cpa aicpa oldest influential organizations guide development accounting principles concepts administering grading uniform cpa examination primary roles aicpa national association accountants organization accountants concerned accounting information enterprise direct business operations accounting organizations largest memberships securities exchange commission sec governmental agency established act congress agency issues regulations preparation financial statements reports filed commission primary role sec regulate issuance stock corporations trading stock general public
management decisions depend accounting information phase business accounting information kinds merchandise produce greatest profit needed business departments accounting information needed department accounting system showing accounting information departments called departmental accounting system departmental accounting system gross profit figured department general ledger include number separate departmental accounts shoe stores furniture stores computer stores department stores sporting goods stores examples firms commonly organize departmental basis business purchases sells goods called merchandising business merchandising business part corporation organized departmental basis business sells golf clothing golf equipment clubs balls golf carts business types equipment equipment purchased sale customers equipment operation business purchases sells golf equipment office equipment store equipment operation business departmental accounting system accounting information recorded reported departments clothing equipment sales individuals golf clubs school systems expects money continue business indefinitely separate departmental accounts chart accounts page accounts clothing department account number accounts equipment department account number
beginning employment employees allowed paid sick leave hours biweekly pay period hours sick leave blocks hour maximum number hours accumulated sick leave accumulate maximum hours employees allowed paid personal leave hour biweekly pay period hours beginning employment personal leave required business personal reasons personal leave activities include items conducting personal business taking child doctor personal leave blocks hour exceed hours personal leave accumulate maximum hours employee pay rate stated rate hour week month pay based pieces produced unit number pieces produced hour biweekly pay period hours basic salary supplemented types earnings addition basic biweekly salary employee receive commissions cost living adjustments share profits bonus types employee earnings hourly salary paid biweekly salesclerks accounting department employees biweekly salary paid department supervisors store manager monthly commission paid department supervisors payroll system shows amount employee benefits payroll expense employee department benefits authorization form record authorize employee benefits pays employee benefits biweekly hours continuous employee benefits paid hours excess pay period
batch number run date recorded spaces provided top form page number page batch recorded space provided top form total number pages entered entire batch recorded entered column line document number entered doc column entry involve entry subsidiary ledger vendor customer column left blank account number merchandise inventory hardware written general ledger column amount debited merchandise inventory hardware recorded debit column line doc vendor customer columns left blank data recorded complete transaction account number merchandise inventory software written general ledger column amount debited merchandise inventory software recorded debit column line merchandise inventory account number written general ledger column amount credited merchandise inventory recorded credit column entry closes merchandise inventory account journal entry divide balance merchandise inventory account recorded debit credit columns totaled totals recorded batch totals line bottom journal entries input form page record batch journal entries totals page including page recorded page totals line bottom form journal entries page totals recorded set page totals added
line account number allowance uncollectible accounts written general ledger column amount credited allowance uncollectible accounts recorded credit column income summary accounts adjust merchandise inventory accounts end fiscal period adjusting entries merchandise inventory accounts shown lines illustration merchandise inventory hardware account balance shown trial balance illustration estimated hardware merchandise july income summary hardware debited merchandise inventory hardware decreased credit adjusting entry lines merchandise inventory software account balance shown trial balance estimated software merchandise july income summary software debited merchandise inventory software decreased credit adjusting entry lines adjustments supplies account balance includes beginning account balance cost supplies bought fiscal period supplies account balance adjusted reflect supplies operating expense fiscal period adjusting entries supplies accounts shown lines illustration supplies office account balance shown trial balance illustration office supplies hand july
businesses direct write method record bad debts expense specific customer account determined uncollectible direct write method expense recorded fiscal period fiscal period sale bad debts expense recorded fiscal period sales revenue received sales account business knowing sure customer pay amount due estimate based past history bad debts expense business crediting estimated uncollectible accounts contra account called allowance method recording losses uncollectible accounts methods commonly estimate bad debts expense percentage sales method percentage accounts receivable method percentage sales method assumes percentage sales dollar bad debt emphasis estimating percentage sales collected estimated amount charged bad debts expense variations method estimating bad debts expense percentage net sales estimating bad debts expense percentage total sales account percentage accounts receivable method assumes percentage accounts receivable account balance bad debts emphasis estimating percentage accounts receivable collected amount bring balance allowance uncollectible accounts estimated amount recorded account variations method estimating amount uncollectible accounts aging accounts receivable estimating amount uncollectible accounts percentage accounts receivable account balance
corporations issue kinds stock common preferred stock give stockholders special preferences called common stock stock stockholders preference earnings rights called preferred stock authorized issue common preferred stock article iii illustration shares stock frequently assigned assigned share stock printed stock certificate called par share stock authorized printed stock certificate called par stock share stock authorized printed stock certificate called par stock states require par stock assigned stated specific par stock assigned corporation called stated stock stated stock similar par stock printed stock certificates corporation issues kind stock stock common stock corporation issues common stock common stockholders entitled distributed earnings earnings distributed stockholders called dividends corporations owners common stock vote matters brought stockholders authorized issue par common stock stated attract investors corporation offer preferred stock preferences basic stockholders rights preferred stockholders voting rights influence paid dividends
business management find needed capital expansion obtained retained net income ten business need additional capital immediately corporation board directors decide raise needed capital selling additional stock borrowing money advantage selling stock additional capital part corporation permanent capital permanent capital returned stockholders future advantage dividends paid stockholders earnings sufficient warrant payments disadvantage selling stock raise additional capital ownership spread shares owners advantage borrowing additional capital stockholders equity spread additional shares stock disadvantage interest paid loan decreases net income decrease net income decrease amount dividends large loans difficult obtain short periods bank individual corporations frequently borrow needed capital provision loan due future loan paid future earnings accumulated printed term promise pay amount date pay interest stated intervals called bond bonds similar notes payable written promises pay notes payable bonds generally run period bonds representing total amount loan called bond issue corporation sells entire bond issue securities dealer sells individual bonds public
issued shares common stock shares preferred stock december issued common stock preferred stock total stock issue treasury stock total stock outstanding total stockholders equity shown line statement stockholders equity analyzes items related information statement stockholders equity equity share market share price earnings ratio amount total stockholders equity belonging single share stock called equity share equity share preferred common stock figured follows equity preferred stock equal total par share remainder total stockholders equity equity common stock share businesses consider common stock equity equal stated acceptable common stock equity share greater stated acceptable price share stock sold stock market called market market determined buyer willing pay stock market price established investors buying selling corporation stock stock market business profitable pays adequate dividends investors offer pay market price higher stock par stated business profitable pay regular dividends investors offer pay market price lower stock par stated stock recorded corporation records par stated stock market recorded corporate records
illustration shows contribution margin rate alternative versus alternative means sales alternative fixed costs net income sales alternative fixed costs net income high contribution margin rate desirable fixed costs reasonable contribution margin cover fixed costs net income earned contribution margin rate automated assembly method favorable shown cost comparison charts fixed costs fixed costs manual assembly method sales volume reduced shown illustration increased contribution margin recover increased fixed costs reduction net income occurs comparison manual assembly method lower fixed cost profitable operation sales volume declines logical conclusion equal activity higher contribution margin rate profitable equal selecting profitable choice simple alternatives simple fixed costs differ alternative effective business looks combination fixed variable costs setting selling price products extremely important business expects reasonable net income price set high potential customers buy business price set low company lose money objective set selling prices provide reasonable amount net income keeping prices competitive illustration shows october net income based units current price
market price share stock determined amount investors willing pay stock investors think company profitability increasing pay stock market price company stock influenced strongly potential investors think company earnings future maverick price earnings ratio increased change investors considered stock valuable willing pay stock dollar earned corporation increased demand favorable trend maverick profitability continued growth business influenced efficiently business utilizes assets business operating cycle consists phases purchase merchandise sell merchandise frequently account collect accounts receivable business assets accounts receivable merchandise inventory quicker business convert assets cash begin operating cycle efficient profitable business maverick ratios measure efficiency accounts receivable turnover ratio merchandise inventory turnover ratio accounts receivable contribute business earnings business accepts accounts receivable encourage sales sale earnings increased holding accounts receivable efficient company monitor closely length required collect receivables number times average amount accounts receivable collected annually known accounts receivable turnover ratio accounts receivable turnover ratio monitor business accounts receivable collection efficiency accounts receivable turnover chapter maverick information illustrations figure stated accounts receivable turnover ratio
optimum merchandise inventory turnover ratio determined factors amount sales number days needed replenish inventory business needs minimum merchandise hand fill sales orders required order receive merchandise inventory level low business risks running merchandise sell merchandise received inventory level higher needed business money invested inventory adds additional costs efficient business tries maintain optimum level merchandise inventory meet sales demand needed previous experience shown maverick needs maintain inventory turnover ratio ratio average number days sales merchandise inventory days maverick days sales inventory days lower desired level inventory resulted lost sales items stock inventory arrived inventory level satisfactory amount successful business needs adequate capital business capital sources owners investments retained earnings loans capital owned borrowed periods capital borrowed short periods business invest term capital assets equipment buildings periods business invests assets merchandise converted cash short period short term assets known current assets consumed business daily activities exchanged cash term assets known plant assets period maverick common ratios analyze short term financial strength current ratio acid test ratio
trial balance entered trial balance columns step preparing sheet general ledger accounts listed account title column order general ledger accounts balances listed trial balance columns totaled prove equality debits credits oakwood trial balance december shown sheet illustration general ledger accounts governmental funds need brought date financial statements prepared governmental funds report expenditures expenses adjustments needed expense accounts actual amounts spent recorded expenditures amounts reported governmental funds recognize revenues revenues measurable adjusting entry needed record revenues adjusting entries planned sheet oakwood makes accounts inventory supplies interest revenue reserve current supplies bought expenditure account debited supplies unused end fiscal period unused supplies reported asset adjustment end fiscal period record amount supplies hand asset expenditure accounts debited supplies bought adjusted expenditure fiscal period expenditure reported regardless purpose total account balances governmental fund represent equity fund assets liabilities equal total fund equity reserved purpose fund equity represent resources appropriations spending inventory supplies organization
oakwood excess revenues expenditures written balance sheet credit column total line balance sheet columns balance excess expenditures revenues excess amount written sheet revenues expenditures credit balance sheet debit columns excess revenues expenditures recorded sheet columns totaled pair totals shown line oakwood revenues expenditures column totals balance sheet column totals totals pair columns sheet assumed correct sheet ruled shown line sheet completed expenditures revenues expenditures debit column totaled department totals preparation financial statements departmental totals written small numbers amount listed expenditure department general government lines total written line public safety lines total written line public works lines total written line recreation lines total written line financial statements prepared report governmental organization financial activity fiscal period financial condition specific date financial statements prepared governmental fund oakwood prepares financial statements general fund statement revenues expenditures fund balance budget actual balance sheet
accountants regularly paper lines columns rows organize record analyze financial data paper frequently referred sheet paper columnar paper analysis paper computer software form computer monitor similar accountant analysis paper form generated computer software consisting multiple rows columns data entered analyzed called electronic electronic analysis paper preparing financial statements sheets budgets comparing alternatives measuring results electronic faster efficient versatile analysis paper analysis paper answer kinds business questions answering questions requires number numeric data manually amounts erased amounts entered totals increases possibility errors version manually prepared change data questions compared hours spent preparing number versions manually electronic eliminates need manually erase data recalculate totals change data entered computer replace existing data formulas entered tell computer recalculate totals matter seconds change versions prepared minutes addition software ability print results appearing computer monitor
price merchandise business purchases sell called cost merchandise selling price merchandise greater cost merchandise business profit amount added cost merchandise establish selling price called markup revenue earned sale merchandise includes cost merchandise markup markup increases capital cost merchandise deducted revenue determine profit accounts showing cost merchandise separate division ledger division shown chart accounts page merchandising business purchases merchandise sell buys supplies business business merchandise purchased supplies bought called vendor account shows cost merchandise purchased sell titled purchases cost account purchases normal debit balance purchases account increased debit decreased credit shown account cost account purchases record merchandise purchased purchases merchandise recorded purchases debit column journal items bought supplies recorded general debit column journal merchandise items bought recorded reported price agreed transaction occurs source document cash purchase transaction check stub check issued payment cash purchase transaction increases balance purchases account decreases balance cash account analysis cash purchase transaction shown accounts purchases account normal debit balance purchases debited show increase cost account
date recorded date column check mark account title column show account title needs written check number recorded doc column check mark post ref column show amounts line posted individually debit amount entered purchases debit column credit amount entered cash credit column transaction merchandise purchased paid later called purchase account businesses purchase account companies separate general ledger account vendor money owed included separate accounts general ledger chapter businesses purchase account vendors accounts vendors avoid bulky general ledger total amount owed vendors summarized single general ledger account liability account summarizes amounts owed vendors titled accounts payable liability account accounts payable normal credit balance accounts payable account increased credit decreased debit shown account accounts payable account vendor sells merchandise buyer vendor prepares form showing sold form describing goods sold quantity price called invoice buyer invoice received merchandise record purchase account transaction invoice source document recording purchase account transaction called purchase invoice purchase invoice received shown illustration page purchase invoice lists quantity description price item total amount invoice purchase invoice information needed recording purchase account
sale merchandise cash promise pay later date sale merchandise increases revenue business regardless payment increase revenue recorded sale sells merchandise cash sale cash received total amount transaction called cash sale sells merchandise customers credit card shows account bank credit card system buying merchandise customer offers credit card payment cash sale credit card total amount transaction called credit card sale credit card system issues credit card customer credit card promises pay credit card system later date prepares credit card slip credit card sale end week copies slips deposited bank bank accepts credit card slips accepts checks deposit bank increases bank account total amount credit card sales deposited account balance bank increased deposit records credit card sales cash sales journal entry sales transactions involving cash credit cards recorded cash sales credit card system bills customer collects amount owed bank charges fee service based percentage credit card slips deposited fee included monthly bank statement cash register record cash credit card sales cash register prints transaction paper tape customer receipt cash register internally accumulates data total sales
future increasing amount accounting computers estimated future personnel needs show computers decreasing need accounting workers need accountants bookkeepers accounting clerks expected rise spite expanded computers business continues need employ accountants bookkeepers accounting clerks accountants plan summarize analyze interpret financial information prepare accounting reports assist owners managers making financial decisions accountants supervise accounting workers includes checking accuracy recorded financial information accountants members accounting firms sell accounting services businesses small gasoline station owner need full accountant station owner employee accounting tasks tasks include recording summarizing basic accounting information owner hire accounting firm help plan accounting system analyze report interpret accounting information business selling accounting services general public called public accounting firm public accounting firms provide variety accounting services businesses individuals accounting services include accounting tasks planning accounting system accounting firms periodically check accuracy business records prepare monthly annual statements reports help wanted advertisements shown chapter typical found daily newspapers united states accountants known private accountants employed single business private accountants similar public accounting firms private accountant works business
professional accountants earn certified public accountant cpa designation sets standards persons meet earn cpa standards include passing rigorous examination actual accounting experience states college accounting study substitute required experience cpa designation important professional accountants public knows cpa accounting professionals public accounting firms require accounting employees earn cpa eligible promotion top positions businesses require top accounting personnel earn cpa designation high school accounting study important starting accounting career students completing study textbook broad background accounting concepts practices study include mastery accounting tasks analyzing recording financial information typical accounting records studied chapters common activities summarizing reporting accounting information studied chapters specialized accounting functions studied chapters study includes accounting concepts practices needed entry level jobs learning basic background earning promotions continuing accounting study college accounting professionals guided accounting concepts ten concepts chapter commonly accepted professional accountants textbook materials procedures apply concepts chapters follow concept application occurs concept reference business financial information recorded reported separately owner personal financial information
write owner capital account harry walters capital account title column liability write owner capital amount general credit amount column liabilities capital side accounting equation balance sheet liability capital amounts recorded general credit column journal write source document number doc column line entry letter source document memorandum post ref column explained later chapter accounting equation balance sheet balance total assets equal total liabilities capital addition journal entry balance total debit amounts equal total credit amounts balance entry checked adding debit amounts adding credit amounts totals entry walters adds debit amounts adds credit amounts opening entry total debits equal total credits opening entry balance checking balance entry illustrates accounting principle accounting records debits equal credits entry recorded journal check assure debits equal credits entry journals chronological record balance sheet items cash paid received supplies bought services sold customers events balance sheet items pays cash supplies business cash supplies journal entries record
business financial position shown balance sheet specific date business transactions change account balances listed balance sheet business transaction business financial position balance sheet chapter shows financial position july july transactions occurred july transactions recorded journal change account balances july balance sheet financial position july july records transactions journal chapter journal show account balances specific date show specific account balances information posted journal general ledger debits credits posted accounts determine account balances accounts specific date information needed prepare balance sheet accounts general ledger arranged order financial reports order information easily transferred general ledger accounts financial statements accounts classification division general ledger asset accounts division expense accounts division account classifications listed order general ledger division numbers assigned account classification list account titles numbers showing location accounts general ledger known chart accounts complete chart accounts shown page digit numbering system general ledger accounts accounts asset division assigned numbers division number account number
managers owners need accurate financial information wise business decisions general ledger accounts information needed figure profit loss length business analyzes financial information called fiscal period fiscal period known accounting period business chooses fiscal period length meets needs businesses month fiscal period businesses month month fiscal period businesses fiscal periods longer tax reports fiscal period begin month business fiscal period begins january ends december business fiscal period begins ends april businesses choose fiscal period ends period low business activity end accounting activities business activity heaviest individuals personal fiscal period begins january ends december period corresponds period report income tax information federal governments individuals fiscal period approved internal revenue service month fiscal period begins ends month july fiscal period begins july ends july
general ledger accounts show true date balance end fiscal period accounts brought date recorded update general ledger accounts end fiscal period called adjustments general ledger accounts need brought date july supplies prepaid insurance debits supplies supplies bought credit supplies single item practical end fiscal period supplies account true supplies remaining hand account balance decreased amount equal supplies fiscal period prepaid insurance account balance needs updated amount paid insurance premiums debited prepaid insurance payment end fiscal period prepaid insurance account decreased insurance coverage supplies insurance fiscal period expense business adjustments record supplies insurance expenses fiscal period period payment adjustments planned sheet adjustments columns adjustment debit credit part accounts affected adjustment adjustment transfers part account balance account adjustments recorded sheet planning general ledger accounts result posting journal entries journal entries bring general ledger accounts date called adjusting entries accuracy planning checked sheet adjusting entries actually recorded journal
bottom check identification numbers printed special type magnetic ink numbers read banks recording machines magnetic ink characters speeds banks sorting recording checks bank receives check amount printed bottom magnetic ink characters recording machine reads numbers records amount depositor bank records magnetic ink characters shown bottom check illustration person business issuing check called drawer person business check issued called payee bank check written called drawee ownership check transferred payee transfers ownership payee signing check signature stamp check transferring ownership called endorsement endorsement signed exactly appears space payee check michael summers payee written michael sumners summers places correct signature michael summers immediately procedure shows payee bank regular signature check bank records single check endorsements showing repeated transfers ownership endorser guarantees payment check bank receive payment drawer check endorser liable payment types endorsements commonly specific transferring ownership endorsement consisting endorser signature called blank endorsement blank endorsement payee check blank endorsement shown illustration
variety machines automated accounting machine accepts data applies procedures produces results according stored instructions called computer large small businesses computers record report accounting data computer change accounting concepts methods change regardless accounting system financial data reported period computer performs routine repetitive operations types computers record process accounting data automated accounting systems larger businesses high cost computers impractical smaller businesses manual systems today computers businesses regardless size computer cost size based amount data processed processing speed types computers recording reporting accounting data mainframe computers minicomputers microcomputers large sized computer greatest computing speed largest storage capacity powerful processing capability called mainframe computer mainframe computer type computer developed process business data mainframe computer expensive types computers mainframe computer primarily businesses need process large amounts data fast processing speeds medium sized computer intermediate computing speed storage capacity processing capability called minicomputer minicomputer type computer developed process business data minicomputer expensive mainframe computer minicomputers primarily businesses data processed need processing speed businesses mainframe computers
end result processing data computer output computer unit converts data machine readable human readable form known output unit output unit linked controlled cpu kinds output units computers computer monitor input unit function output unit processed data displayed computer monitor output unit producing printed human readable copy processed data known printer computer output printed human readable form called printout microcomputer printer produce printed output cpu limited space internal data storage computer storage capacity expanded linking secondary storage units cpu secondary storage units attached control cpu known auxiliary external storage data transferred secondary storage cpu needed processing magnetic disk widely secondary storage magnetic disk drive secondary storage unit placing data reading data magnetic disk common type magnetic disk storage microcomputers diskette diskette consists round vinyl disk enclosed plastic cover illustration shows magnetic disk drive diskette inserted microcomputer diskette secondary storage automated accounting system based accounting concepts manual accounting system equipment procedures differ software process accounting data included microcomputer rents
date written date column account title salary expense recorded account title column check number entered doc column debit amount written general debit column credit amount written cash credit column transactions merchandising businesses related purchasing selling merchandise merchandising business transactions recorded records transactions journal balances partnership capital accounts changed ways partners invest additional capital partners withdraw capital net income net loss recorded chapter describes entry record additional investment capital proprietorship chapter describes entry record withdrawal capital proprietorship procedures record additional investments withdrawals owners partnership chapter describes closing entry record net income net loss capital account proprietorship chapter describes similar closing entry partnership assets business personal owner known withdrawals assets generally merchandising business cash merchandise withdrawals reduce amount business capital capital accounts credit balances decreases recorded debits withdrawals recorded debits partners capital accounts withdrawals recorded separate accounts total amounts easily determined accounting period records withdrawals accounts titled sally bush drawing leon moreno drawing drawing accounts show decreases capital drawing accounts normal debit balances
business needs amount owed vendor amount collected customer general ledger account vendor customer business vendors customers bulky general ledger trial balance eliminates problems keeping separate ledgers vendors customers separate ledger vendors accounts separate ledger customers accounts separate ledger summarized single general ledger account ledger summarized single general ledger account called subsidiary ledger subsidiary ledger vendor accounts called accounts payable ledger subsidiary ledger customer accounts called accounts receivable ledger total amount owed vendors summarized single general ledger account accounts payable total amount collected customers summarized single general ledger account accounts receivable account general ledger summarizes accounts subsidiary ledger called controlling account balance controlling account equals total account balances related subsidiary ledger balance controlling account accounts payable equals total vendors account balances accounts payable subsidiary ledger balance controlling account accounts receivable equals total customers account balances accounts receivable subsidiary ledger assigns vendor number account accounts payable ledger customer number account accounts receivable ledger digit number digit numbering system subsidiary ledgers general ledger chapter
column account form accounts receivable ledger account form shown illustration accounts receivable account form similar accounts payable ledger accounts receivable assets normal debit balances form accounts receivable ledger debit balance column credit balance column individual accounts accounts receivable ledger arranged alphabetically loose leaf binder periodically accounts customers added accounts longer removed accounts receivable ledger customer number assigned customer account removed ledger customer number unused middle number assignment hilda fields businesses record customer address ledger form information separate address file procedures opening customer accounts similar opening vendor accounts customer obtained sales invoice prepared customer customer number assigned digit numbering system pages customer customer number written line account form account opened hilda fields shown illustration entry accounts receivable columns journal affects customer named account title column amount listed columns posted daily customer account accounts receivable ledger posting daily keeps customer account balance date totals accounts receivable special amount columns posted general ledger controlling account end month
income summary account debited total cost expense accounts closing entry posted cost expense accounts balances records net income partners capital accounts information needed closing entry obtained distribution net income statement illustration chapter entry record net income partners capital accounts shown illustration net income amount recorded closing entry net income sheet closing entries recorded posted income summary balance business net loss partners capital accounts debited income summary account credited net loss withdrawals partners reduce assets partnership partners withdrawals expenses business partner withdrawal direct reduction partner capital closed income summary drawing accounts closed partners capital accounts end fiscal period information needed closing partners drawing accounts obtained sheet balance sheet debit column drawing account balances shown partial sheet illustration page line partial sheet illustration shows balance sally bush drawing account line shows balance leon moreno drawing account entries close drawing account shown illustration closing entries partners drawing accounts posted accounts balances capital accounts show decrease capital caused withdrawals
balance sheet accounts asset liability capital accounts date balances begin fiscal period balances general ledger accounts agree amounts balance sheet illustration chapter general ledger account balances december beginning balances january income statement accounts revenue cost expense accounts balances begin fiscal period adjusting closing entries posted post closing trial balance prepared post closing trial balance prepared prove equality debits credits general ledger post closing trial balance prepared december shown illustration general ledger accounts balances listed post closing trial balance accounts listed order general ledger accounts balances listed post closing trial balance account balances post closing trial balance illustration agree balances balance sheet illustration chapter post closing trial balance debit credit totals equality debits credits proved general ledger ready fiscal period service merchandising businesses similar accounting cycles accounting cycles similar proprietorship partnership minor variations occur subsidiary ledgers variations occur preparing financial statements accounting cycle service business summarized illustration chapter accounting cycle merchandising business summarized illustration
keyboard entry tell computer journal entries entered spaces displayed computer monitor entering adjusting entries lines input form key entered processed journal entries report prepared shown illustration automated accounting end fiscal period reports printed computer based instructions computer software journal entries report adjusting entries prepared keyboard entry tell computer print income statement income statement shown illustration page income statement prepared computer distributes net income equally partners capital accounts net income net loss distribution based partnership agreement manual accounting system distribution net income statement prepared show net income net loss divided prepares capital statement show information capital partner fiscal period automated accounting system distribution net income capital shown balance sheet keyboard entry tell computer print balance sheet balance sheet shown illustration page balance sheet prepared keyboard entry tell computer post closing entries general ledger accounts closing entries posted keyboard entry tell computer prepare post closing trial balance post closing trial balance shown illustration page
future increasing amount accounting computers estimated future personnel needs show computers decreasing need accounting workers need accountants bookkeepers accounting clerks expected rise spite expanded computers business continues need employ accountants bookkeepers accounting clerks accountants plan summarize analyze interpret financial information prepare accounting reports assist owners managers making financial decisions accountants supervise accounting workers includes checking accuracy recorded financial information accountants members accounting firms sell accounting services businesses small gasoline station owner need full accountant station owner employee accounting tasks tasks include recording summarizing basic accounting information owner hire accounting firm help plan accounting system analyze report interpret accounting information business selling accounting services general public called public accounting firm public accounting firms provide variety accounting services businesses individuals accounting services include accounting tasks planning accounting system accounting firms periodically check accuracy business records prepare monthly annual statements reports help wanted advertisements shown chapter typical found daily newspapers united states accountants known private accountants employed single business private accountants similar public accounting firms private accountant works business
professional accountants earn certified public accountant cpa designation sets standards persons meet earn cpa standards include passing rigorous examination actual accounting experience states college accounting study substitute required experience cpa designation important professional accountants public knows cpa accounting professionals public accounting firms require accounting employees earn cpa eligible promotion top positions businesses require top accounting personnel earn cpa designation high school accounting study important starting accounting career students completing study textbook broad background accounting concepts practices study include mastery accounting tasks analyzing recording financial information typical accounting records studied chapters common activities summarizing reporting accounting information studied chapters specialized accounting functions studied chapters study includes accounting concepts practices needed entry level jobs learning basic background earning promotions continuing accounting study college accounting professionals guided accounting concepts ten concepts chapter commonly accepted professional accountants textbook materials procedures apply concepts chapters follow concept application occurs concept reference business financial information recorded reported separately owner personal financial information
journal entry includes debit credit parts transaction place equality debits credits transaction checked easily looking journal entry transactions recorded directly general ledger accounts account show part transaction omissions easily overlooked errors recording transaction corrected journal transferring information accounts information accounts likely accurate transactions recorded journal date activities business listed order occur weeks months later facts needed specific transaction journal easy source check debit credit parts transactions recorded general ledger accounts transactions recorded directly general ledger accounts information single transaction difficult find place recording debit credit parts transaction called double entry accounting double entry accounting complete record transaction complete accounting double entry accounting managed businesses double entry accounting portion journal chapter description chapter includes record opening entry journal general debit credit columns financial activity creates entry recorded journal journal amount columns amount columns headed general debit general credit amount columns account titles heading journal amount column headed account title called special amount column special amount column provided journal account monthly entries
entry record prepaid insurance adjustment shown illustration general ledger accounts affected entry prepaid insurance insurance expense insurance expense debited prepaid insurance credited amount shown sheet adjustments columns effect prepaid insurance adjusting entry shown accounts prepaid insurance adjusting entry posted prepaid insurance debit balance insurance expense debit balance accounts date revenue expense accounts income summary account owner drawing account known temporary capital accounts separate revenue expense accounts record financial information affecting capital account fiscal period difference total revenue total expenses net income net loss fiscal period total net income net loss fiscal period recorded owner capital account revenue expenses recorded separately fiscal period owner withdrawals recorded separately fiscal period revenue expense drawing account balance beginning fiscal period journal entries clear balances revenue expense drawing account end fiscal period journal entries prepare temporary capital accounts fiscal period journal entries prepare temporary capital accounts fiscal period called closing entries close temporary capital account amount equal balance transferred account
bottom check identification numbers printed special type magnetic ink numbers read banks recording machines magnetic ink characters speeds banks sorting recording checks bank receives check amount printed bottom magnetic ink characters recording machine reads numbers records amount depositor bank records magnetic ink characters shown bottom check illustration person business issuing check called drawer person business check issued called payee bank check written called drawee ownership check transferred payee transfers ownership payee signing check signature stamp check transferring ownership called endorsement endorsement signed exactly appears space payee check michael summers payee written michael sumners endorsement signed michael sumners summers places correct signature michael summers immediately procedure shows payee bank regular signature check bank records single check endorsements showing repeated transfers ownership endorser guarantees payment check bank receive payment drawer check endorser liable payment types endorsements commonly specific transferring ownership
variety machines automated accounting machine accepts data applies procedures produces results according stored instructions called computer large small businesses computers record report accounting data computer change accounting concepts methods change regardless accounting system financial data reported period computer performs routine repetitive operations types computers record process accounting data automated accounting systems larger businesses high cost computers impractical smaller businesses manual systems today computers businesses regardless size computer cost size based amount data processed processing speed types computers recording reporting accounting data mainframe computers minicomputers microcomputers large sized computer greatest computing speed largest storage capacity powerful processing capability called mainframe computer mainframe computer type computer developed process business data mainframe computer expensive types computers mainframe computer primarily businesses need process large amounts data fast processing speeds medium sized computer intermediate computing speed storage capacity processing capability called minicomputer minicomputer type computer developed process business data minicomputer expensive mainframe computer
information recorded accounts payable ledger essentially recorded column general ledger account information includes date posting reference debit credit amount account balance accounts payable liabilities normal credit balances debit balance column needed accounts payable ledger accounts accounts payable account form general ledger account form debit balance column column account form accounts payable ledger account form shown illustration accounts accounts payable ledger arranged alphabetic order loose leaf binder periodically accounts vendors added accounts longer removed accounts payable ledger number accounts large loose leaf binder inappropriate ledger sheets file cabinet account opened writing vendor vendor number line account form account opened office products shown illustration vendor obtained purchase invoice received vendor number assigned digit numbering system page correct alphabetic order office products places account account accounts payable subsidiary ledger vendor number assigned office products businesses record vendor address account form information separate address file number entries recorded account form depends number lines provided lines page prepared
individual accounts accounts receivable ledger arranged alphabetically loose leaf binder assigns digit customer number account accounts receivable ledger chapter periodically accounts customers added accounts longer removed accounts receivable ledger accounts assigned unused middle number customer number assigned customer account removed ledger customer number unused middle number assignment hilda fields chart accounts accounts receivable ledger page procedures opening customer accounts similar opening vendor accounts customer obtained sales invoice prepared customer customer number assigned digit numbering system chapter customer customer number written line account form account opened hilda fields shown illustration procedures opening page accounts receivable ledger similar accounts payable ledger customer customer number written top account page date recorded date column word balance written item column check mark post ref column account balance recorded debit balance column entries sales journal affect account balances accounts receivable ledger general ledger
accounts balances trial balance columns income summary bad debts expense depreciation expense equipment insurance expense supplies expense end fiscal period posting completed general ledger accounts show true date balance need bring supplies prepaid insurance account balances date chapter needs bring accounts date addition needs bring bad debts expense merchandise inventory depreciation expense equipment account balances date recorded update general ledger accounts end fiscal period known adjustments adjustments planned adjustments columns sheet chapter adjustments recorded sheet planning purposes journal entries recorded posted update general ledger account balances journal entries bring general ledger accounts date known adjusting entries procedures recording adjusting entries chapter merchandise services sold account customers later unable pay amounts owed amounts collected accounts receivable expense business accurate financial reporting requires expenses recorded fiscal period expenses contribute earning revenue bad debts expense recorded fiscal period end fiscal period business specific accounts receivable uncollectible future business estimates amount bad debts expense end fiscal period estimated amount bad debts expense recorded reasons
customer number written column sales invoice number sales discount applies recorded sales column date cash received entered date column month recorded month entry month run date columns left blank data stored secondary storage initial sale account recorded discount percentage written disc column column left blank column record credit memorandum amounts amount cash received recorded cash received column source document number entered comment column entry record sales return transaction line illustration customer number written column sales invoice number credit granted recorded sales column credit granted entered date column amount credit merchandise returned written credit memo amount column computer figures amount sales tax return source document number recorded comment column transactions recorded page columns totaled totals recorded space provided bottom input form shown illustration keyboard entry tells computer accounts receivable transactions entered transaction data key entered accounts receivable input form form ar line
net pay column record amount due employee net pay figured subtracting amount employee total deductions employee total earnings ms net pay total earnings total deductions net pay recorded employee amount column totaled accuracy additions verified subtracting total deductions column total total earnings column total result equal total net pay column amounts agree errors found corrected totals proved double rule drawn totals amount columns total earnings line payroll register illustration page total deductions line total net pay february total earnings total deductions check written employee net pay payroll computations checked accuracy manager approves payroll accuracy verified check written check number recorded column payroll check issued ms collins pays employees check special payroll check form detachable stub recording earnings amounts deducted employees stubs record deductions cash received information prepare payroll checks payroll register payroll check pay period ended february shown illustration page check total payroll amount written regular checking account
payroll register prepared payroll data employee recorded employee earnings record february payroll register data janet collins illustration page recorded quarter earnings record illustration employee number social security number payroll data entered top ms collins quarter employee earnings record illustration amount columns employee earnings record amount columns payroll register addition earnings record accumulated earnings column amounts opposite employee payroll register recorded columns employee earnings record pay period ending february pay period quarter mrs collins earnings deductions week entered line earnings record total earnings added accumulated earnings line total earnings date accumulated earnings known date earnings accumulated earnings column shows earnings ms collins entry column beginning fiscal entry column carried forward ms collins earnings record quarter amounts accumulated earnings column supply date reference employee date earnings employee earnings reach amount payroll taxes apply employers pay federal unemployment taxes amount employee earnings maximum amount fica taxes paid determined law
businesses effective cash control deposit cash receipts bank write checks major cash payments practice written evidence cash received paid practices loss cash theft fraud low businesses small cash payments items delivery charges postage supplies writing separate check small purchase consuming expensive process avoid writing checks small amounts businesses establish special cash fund small payments fund amount cash hand making small payments called petty cash petty cash fund enables business practice cash control business deposit receipts write checks payments petty cash payments practice small payments business petty cash special procedures control petty cash fund cash control procedures permit business monthly bank statements prove cash records specific employee assigned responsibility safekeeping maintaining petty cash fund person generally referred petty cash custodian petty cash cashier establishing petty cash fund amount cash needed small payments estimated amount sufficient period month establishes petty cash fund september based past experience company determines adequate petty cash fund voucher system voucher prepared petty cash fund amount established memorandum authorization prepare voucher establish petty cash fund
businesses keeping computerized perpetual inventory special cash register part system item merchandise code number recorded cash register sale result paper tape prepared inside cash register coded record items sold paper tape bring perpetual inventory computer date special cash registers connected directly computer sale recorded cash register information transferred directly computer inventory records brought date immediately costs recorded inventory forms periodic inventory quantities merchandise hand counted purchase invoices catalogs find merchandise costs costs recorded inventory forms extensions total cost inventory figured businesses methods figure cost merchandise inventory weighted average takes periodic inventory end fiscal period company assumes merchandise purchased merchandise sold assumes ending inventory consists recently purchased merchandise recent invoices purchases recording costs item inventory forms recently received parachute poll lines shelves older lines merchandise purchased merchandise sold method determining cost inventory nearly follows actual flow merchandise
weighted average method inventory units priced average cost beginning inventory purchases fiscal period ending inventory figured rising prices method highest valuation ending inventory lowest cost merchandise sold lifo method lowest ending inventory valuation rising prices highest cost merchandise sold weighted average method inventory cost merchandise sold valuation lifo cost merchandise sold increases gross profit net income decrease method highest lifo method lowest weighted average method intermediate level net income rising prices falling prices method lowest valuation ending inventory highest cost merchandise sold lifo method highest ending inventory valuation falling prices lowest cost merchandise sold weighted average method inventory cost merchandise sold valuation lifo lifo method lowest lifo method highest weighted average method intermediate level net income falling prices inventory costing methods acceptable accounting practices business select method method continuously fiscal period inventory costing method fiscal periods financial statements compared fiscal statements business inventory pricing methods part difference gross profit net income caused change methods provide financial statements analyzed compared fiscal periods inventory costing method period
laws rules conduct enforced government community goals economic political social law tool regulating behavior order achieve community goals laws passed specific reasons laws reflect goals society needs objectives values society scientific evidence shows smoking harmful goal society stop smoking start things government collective voice majority citizens reach goal government put advertisements tv radio newspapers government write booklets distribute schools children taught hazards smoking government create law requiring cigarette packages warning health hazards smoking government pass law prohibiting smoking public buildings crime violate law society problem wants solve goal wants reach ways solving problem reaching goal making enforcing law help solve problem reaching goal sudden change neighborhood jim family lived week week hours midnight morning homes spray painted garbage pails toppled windows nearby church school smashed police called patrols increased vandals caught
making laws help reach community goals don start beginning society values tries influence actions values serve basis society laws values called morals ideas wrong interests society harms society believe charities benefit society laws encourage support charities allowing money pay income taxes pay hand murder killing person excuse harmful society passed laws making murder crime punishing behavior addition moral values economic values political values economic values encompass ideas allowing accumulate wealth responsibility society government provide financial support needy society moral values economic values society play important part income tax laws passed political values reflect ideas relationship individual government influence laws society passes provide form function government society constantly society laws brought improvements technology inventions past decades means medical treatment illnesses brought drugs increasing drugs treatment medical problems required special laws
laws existed centuries surprise chapter saw important laws group surprise groups larger complicated rules apply activities members group eventually sets rules grow legal systems important legal systems today civil law system common law system civil law system european south american african countries civil law system laws collected organized legal codes common law system created england differs civil law system places greater importance decisions judges actual cases decisions rules law overruled legislation decisions called precedents common law system england english speaking countries australia canada addition countries united states common law system american colonists important addition adopting constitution united states written constitution approved group group family tribe club country join common rules set don ts members small groups families tribes rules simple informal written rules oldest member group council elders rules exist problems occur
understand criminal law important criminal law fits branches law especially branches criminal law law torts deals situations person harms situations differ covered criminal law obvious differences torts injured person brings case court criminal cases government brings case court important difference seen looking goals branches law happens hatfield punches mccoy breaks mccoy nose mccoy injured rules tort law mccoy sue hatfield recover money damages doctors bills medicine loss wages mccoy missed pain suffering tort law branch civil law person injured property damaged sue person caused injury damage person pay certainly society interest seeing person injures pays person loss society interest matter main reasons groups form larger community call society protection organized community count society protect chosen live law jungle carry weapon protection afraid homes protected criminal law protect
states marijuana crime criminal laws criticized say marijuana dangerous maybe alcohol critics laws say violate laws marijuana laws don mean view let number lawbreakers decide wrong comparison marijuana alcohol try prohibit alcohol prohibition laws habit drinking established failed want criminal laws marijuana say shouldn let marijuana established alcohol say strong medical evidence marijuana period physical emotional injury examples public intoxication gambling marijuana arguments crimes things don hurt want interfere arguments side alcoholics annoy public fail responsibilities families gambling takes money families need marijuana lead hard drugs known dangerous health addictive expensive users turn crime support habit purpose criminal law protect public keeping peace order
point law clear crime theft took common law economy england simple possessions business barter exchanging thing crime theft simple consent took property guilty theft introduction money system banks required crime theft expanded cover situations bank teller keeping money received depositor bookkeeper bank making false entry bank records show lot money bookkeeper bank account think credit cards law changed cover situations stolen credit cards charge purchases finally big problem today computer fraud learned tie computer business put false information computer information cheat smith buys worth merchandise department store store sends smith bill smith found store keeps account records computer smith ties computer line enters payment account store records produced computer show bill paid smith cheated store story history law theft shows law try criminal mind ago england bought stolen property thieves sold property today call person fence
let look cases story sarah roberts ending today amendment part constitution united states certainly story sarah unchanged united states supreme court equal protection law persons schools segregated separated basis characteristic race gender religion ability equal civil war result end slavery freedom citizenship granted americans end civil war end segregation supreme court struggled reality segregation side grant freedom citizenship approach achieving balance theory separate equal doctrine doctrine argued segregated group received important benefits public law public education schools equal public schools equipment money pay teachers equality law segregation supreme court separate equal position states maintained segregated schools law schools segregated characteristic race note forms segregation gender religion ability congress passed law compelling segregated schools district columbia states laws permitted local school boards segregated policy effect laws million white half million black pupils attended segregated elementary high schools united states supreme court agreed hear arguments separate equal public education
brown decision concerned discrimination basis race amendment limited race says persons equal protection law principle equality apply children learning impaired children blindness deafness lack limbs disability learn normal rate persons entitled equal protection law discriminated impairment sound reason based individual capacity learning impaired person separated case arising orleans federal court set guidelines designed integrate greatest extent learning impaired student alternative programs plans learning impaired student placement regular public school class support services preferable placement special public school class placement special public school class preferable placement community training facility placement community training facility preferable placement residential institution program education orleans area states laws provided greater lesser extent free compulsory education physically handicapped congress enacted education handicapped children act basis law comes amendment recall amendment congress enact laws enforce amendment terms
thelma twelve students age past thelma lot trouble reading understanding thelma felt failure stopped going class thelma started roam school halls part gang picked smaller students big fights school halls fights happened thelma generally found middle flying fists thelma warned parents warned conduct permitted continue school board decided expel thelma involved fights school board knew thelma feelings fight expelled teacher thinking thelma learning problem school psychologist thelma told psychologist words don tried couldn read anymore angry mad school touched big failure psychologist listened thelma tested findings thelma learning disabled result emotionally disturbed person thelma parents knew child conduct wrong felt expulsion wasn answer law parents correct thelma need education strong called normal persons maybe stronger thelma feels win believes lose thelma school special program fitted meet needs needs known ongoing testing thelma special needs greatest extent part regular school system
starting point law england centuries ago gave received things based status part living land land permanently held nobility nobles allowed peasants serfs land live cottages owned nobility rights peasants give services portion produced controlling nobility dispute arose peasant owed settled nobles owned land acted judges jurors took thought growth cities development large class merchants greater freedom land important civil took shape peasants contract regardless status peasants nobility contract important building blocks development society live body law call consumer law movement progressive societies hitherto movement status contract meant contract contract mean including artificial persons organizations businesses established corporations promises rely promises courts called enforce general definition refined chapter general definition let begin examine contract meaning remember speaking courts common law capacity common law body laws decisions judges individual cases asking promises courts based past decisions absence statute enacted legislature enforce
striving justice courts difficult hurdles overcome precedent changed easily courts deal individual cases common law evolves individual cases poor resolve consumer problems springing mass distribution beginning common law contracts related parties agreement case compact disc player purchased sue contracting parties sue retail store manufacturer party contract manufacturer real source problem held responsible approach book trace development law involving relationships buyers sellers chapter considers common law contracts focus bargaining buyer seller later chapters explore complex selling arrangements discussed courts enlarging protection common law consumers legislatures stepping enlarge protection read ask limitations courts legislatures terms protecting consumers ask consumers protect need rely law trade important part lives body law developed meet needs consumers consumers personal goods services buy consumer law laws recognized courts established legislatures administrative agencies created legislatures control purchase sale goods services personal common law contracts developed courts centuries ago england carried united states formed historical base consumer law today common law contracts individuals promises wanted binding court enforce promises
thursday night july kim auction happened bothered car dealers attending mood bidding mercedes benz put block kim surprise bidding car getting ready bid withdraw car bidding kim jumped responded want bid car called auction job bids accept highest refused listen kim moved car fine car kim swallowed hard entered bid car entered bid angered kim refused accept bid reason dealer kim wants agreement calls honored thinks contract instances agree answer kim problems depends offer general law treats auction place offers buyers invited person receives offers acceptance strikes hammer result point hammer falls reject offer kim force put mercedes benz block sale accept bid car words parties important determine offer case words advertisement led court decide store offer conduct parties fail offer
doubt reynolds knew broken law wife alive aware wife reynolds criminal mormon member church jesus christ saints religion allowed wife reynolds argued religion commanded wife reynolds act sought guidance ministers church gave permission marry conducted marriage ceremony reynolds argued practicing religion protected amendment constitution eyes church properly married charged tried convicted crime polygamy reynolds sentenced hard labor fine supreme court decide law polygamy withstand claim freedom religion american constitution stands ahead law congress law constitution put differently court decide claim religious freedom individuals define meaning marriage conviction prison sentence fine reynolds upheld supreme court decision court laws control actions interfere religious belief opinions interfere religious practices suppose believed human sacrifices part religious worship seriously argued government interfere prevent sacrifice
couple live married general sense true court happy commune case person free walk relationship marriage common law marriage recognized important warnings ease voluntary arrangements ended children born voluntary arrangement responsibility parenthood including duty payments support children ordered situation concerned voluntary relationship parents interests children question property acquired voluntary relationship divided relationship marriage states recognize community property spouses breakup marriage share equally property acquired marriage community property recognized voluntary relationship case marvin marvin supreme court california decided happen property acquired voluntary relationship court find agreement actually parties felt existed relationship divide community property court adults voluntarily live able persons contract earnings property rights agree pool earnings hold property acquired relationship accordance law community property dividing half property acquired marriage agree partner earnings property acquired earnings remain separate property earning partner
problem marriage valid law took place cynthia alex live declare invalid law cynthia lived person ages marriage baby born marriage court decide interests baby cynthia case court met conditions age limits interests baby marriage annulled marriage neighboring court cynthia alex live neighboring purpose getting married returned home question court judging marriage cynthia alex living court decision marriage performed neighboring cynthia alex returned home intended live home acquired dominant interest regulating marriage real escape laws cynthia alex lived chapter laws dealing marriage declares public policy cynthia alex lived important part public policy age person marry united states nation move lifetime expect move times large number classmates move states frequently happens couple marry move children acquire property marriage break spouse moving responsible laws relating marriage
error messages kind error wrong usage spelling keyword errors commonly called syntax errors computer stops executing program error detected kind error number line occurred displayed screen error message displayed explanatory refer basic reference manual interpret message errors corrected program executed successfully line corrected reentered procedure explained section view part program error detection reason command list simply key command list press return display entire program computer memory program sections displayed list range line numbers displayed range comma hyphen list list display lines list display line list display lines beginning program line lines added program simply keying line number assigned line control placement program line lines numbered computer automatically put line proper place need physically keyed existing lines fact program statements entered order computer arrange statements numerical order single line deleted program simply keying line number pressing return key group consecutive lines range deleted del command key command del line number range command del remove lines comma separate beginning ending numbers range deleted
program entered memory computer stays power goes purposely removed command program needed future saved storage device storage device commonly disk drive recording device floppy diskette storage floppy diskette oxide coated plastic disk inches diameter enclosed protective jacket magnetically storing data preparing save program recall program program started rem statement maximum length characters pro dos characters dos start program letter alphabet letters numbers special characters spaces dos recommended stay letters numbers don remember symbols acceptable pro dos volume program volume disk entered disk prepared volume drive number disk drive procedure saving program disk makes save command computer disk drive program saved drive disk drive program saved goes default drive drive disk drive designated default drive drive internal drive apple program keyed saved simply key save command program press return
program documentation sheet form listing program programmer date written explanation purpose program sources input output data needed list variables represent parts program documentation sheet filled points planning writing program items explanatory familiar terminology purpose section short complete description program input section tell kind input data obtained obtained output section kind output produced output display printer sections variables explained later point programming experience suggested follow steps planning writing program steps developed fully progress text programs need planned created trial error describe clearly purpose program writing output output arranged output clearly defined identify input produce output decide input input data written program chapter programs entered keyboard program executed learn chapter decisions planning process program documentation sheet completed process suppose students universities contest group develop fuel efficient automobile
assumed numeric variable previous program line program module beginning line program module beginning line program module beginning line branching selected module encountering return statement program returns statement statement numeric variable greater number program lines listed program perform statement executed note lines numbering matches guidelines constructing modules line numbers programmer control return statements transfer control finished control comes statement statement left illustrate decision case structures programs program decision structure program case structure program compute sales tax automobiles sold dealer dealer delivers cars counties county sales tax rate percent rate percent program decision computes sales tax study program documentation sheet shown figure steps program design follows clear scan amount sale keyboard county sale keyboard county hart set tax rate percent county hart set tax rate percent compute print sales tax amount
numeric variable named counter variable called count valid numeric variable counter loop repeated count begins stops word tells computer repeat loop prescribed condition final met statement counter numeric variable statement statement tells computer increment counter variable checks final exceeds statement final exceeded loop repeated multiplication table previous programmed loop manner lines form loop basic statements loop repeated times count increases loop adds variable count checks limit count greater limit computer continues execution program line follows statement loop executed stored counter variable calculations step greater limit case loop change counter variable changing counter let input statement loop altered leading undesired results loop numeric counter variable desired change step counter adding keyword step desired increment end statement
data stored program statements part program lines program changed data limitation means data stored program unchanging data program likely change program run data obtained keyboard program statements writing program data stored program statements programmer frequently items data eventually included likelihood number data items change end data reached easiest method simply let program run data happens program stops execution error message displayed detect end data reached data data dummy data item added end actual data frequently stored data string character data want add data item called short end data data numeric numeric data completely data item end actual data program check data item reads data reading stopped
lines program create string ten leaders assign variable line prints column headings line prints ruling separating headings detail lines lines variable printed item price produce leaders note extra spaces fries inside quotation marks line blanks printed word fries leaders start column hamburger numbers written sure line decimal point later chapter learn techniques program editing data refers procedures lining numbers decimal point inserting commas numbers placing dollar signs beginning amounts money versions basic built statement editing data printing displaying versions commercially standard basic provide features versions require programmer devise adequate methods programmer written editing statements built commercially functions applications require numbers aligned decimal point report study program design note procedure add zeros end number round numbers determine column number decimal point
familiar computer driven systems cashiers fast food restaurants project plan write program computer serve point sale device customer orders cashier presses key item ordered item ordered key pressed number times key pressed item price displayed line screen typically customer order sandwich fries onion rings finally drink dessert customer finishes ordering key pressed indicating order finished computer point displays total customer cashier money cashier enters amount tendered keyboard presses return key computer displays amount tendered finally computer calculates displays amount change returned customer amount tendered insufficient cover total program alert cashier fact ask reentry tendered amount valid amount tendered entered amount change displayed operator press return key proceed customer amounts display aligned decimal purposes program assume sales tax food planning program keyboard layout figure represent items menu teacher agrees prepare small labels keys paper template key represents food examining layout note sandwiches grouped left fries onion rings desserts drinks restaurant hands customers cup ice customers fill cups matter kind soft drink ordered sizes
table referred array matrix mathematics differences meanings words programming terms interchangeably computer applications require searching table searching table means looking desired police department stored computer table license numbers stolen automobiles officer stops suspicious car officer instruct computer search table car listed stolen table searches sequentially computer examines element table desired element examined process continues desired found end table reached match computer searches end table desired table found program print message action tables examined consist rows column thought dimensional tables table columns tables row column known dimensional tables rows column dimensional tables items dimensional table referred subscripts subscripts subscript refer row column examine dimensional table names phone numbers figure kathy located phone number located greg located phone number located
examples totals working graduation students need total credits earned courses making bank deposit coins currency checks totaled find amount deposit phone bill shows total amount due calls month items sales slip totaled determine amount money paid total sum data items count shows data items processed counts computer applications compute grade averages number grades known ordering meals airline needs passengers need kind meal regular meals salt meals sugar free meals entering data computer process ensure correct number items entered illustrate report figure requires records data plants days week records processed assumed data missing missing data added report reprinted examine figure report looks count items added sum data items computed figure called unconditional total data items counted figure called unconditional count times totals counts need updated circumstances variable data conditional total total updated condition true conditional count count updated condition true
print subtotals shown figure data groups items plant plant control variable named item change control subtotal count printed data entered correct order order program common method grouping data load items tables sort order smallest largest ascending largest smallest descending according control variable item produce report figure data items processed plant differs previous control variable changed subtotal printed change control variable known control bank determine control variable changed variable known compare variable plant quantity read examined processed plant compare variable plant read comparison printing subtotals final total report variables accumulate totals accumulate subtotal accumulate final total subtotal printed subtotal accumulator clears previous subtotal accumulator starts group data manner variables counts individual plant count count items study steps subtotals computed data steps figure
data item put plant compare add quantity total subtotal increment count totals print detail line report athens mon data items athens tue compare athens compare variable add quantity subtotal total variables increment count variables put newly processed plant compare variable place continue processing items manner seventh data item processed athens compare variable subtotal total accumulators grown continue processing eighth item eighth item boston wed boston compared compare variable athens values control break subtotal line printed report subtotal variables set note total variable set count resetting subtotal variables accomplished continue process current data item printing detail line adding quantity subtotal total variables count variables placing boston compare variable continue processing data items manner items finished subtotal total count printed programs presented previously printed detail line data item processed known detail printing figure plant quantity printed
program errors fairly easy find correct program stops running computer prints error message message guide locating problem situations errors easily identified error message printed situations program runs error produces incorrect results appendix presents methods helpful locating hard find errors contents variables examined values programmer believes don search determine incorrect values assigned extra print statements temporarily inserted program display selected variables program executes stop statement program point want values computer stops print commands entered variables print print contents variables examined program stops execution computer prints error message sure enter print commands changing program line changing line set variables zeros apple display line numbers executed program run technique known trace mode especially program runs produces incorrect results examining line numbers determine program executing lines think statements changed correctly
examine flowchart figure changed include symbol output steps produce output result figure note original calculate display sales tax step figure divided steps performs computation produces output diamond symbol decision based logical condition introduction symbol program calculates prints gross pay employees data contained data lines steps program design follows print headings top report read employee hours worked rate pay check read end statement calculate gross pay multiplying hours worked rate pay print employee hours worked rate pay gross pay step read record end study figure steps represented flowchart note diamond represent step program design point control continues transferred end statement depending read answers question yes written points diamond direction depending answer arrows point answer thing flow follow top bottom guideline place end statement bottom flowchart decision symbol location preferred
frequently occurring difficulty flowcharting alternate actions place actions solved effect making distinct flowcharts action decision follow flow lines coming end actions maintains idea control structure study figure alternate actions note choices need number steps action logical condition true action kind condition false flowcharting structure outcomes shown figure shows case structure known selection program perform action selection possibilities frequent applications menus user chooses actions program applications involve selecting multiple types pay methods process taking actions depending account receivable past due case structure drawn ways flowchart involves connectors connector separate flowchart steps performed case study figure case structure menu beginning end case structure easy note cases true program executed flowcharts connectors play case selected choice invalid action versions basic real case structure statement statement handle cases
computer language called basic beginner purpose symbolic instruction code high level language basic write programs small computers larger basic english words called special meaning translator program computer text chapter concentrates number exact varies manufacturer version basic book explains versions basic supplied ibm personal computer family compatible machines versions corporation basic compatible machines radio shack models iii iv slightly version basic differences machines pointed text occur appendix summary commonly summary reference writing programs computer programs consist series steps ways learn program computer study examples programs apply learned programming exercises activities previously program sequence instructions tells computer step sequence known statement statement begins line number start line number increase line number additional lines needed change program inserted later statement basic keyboards special meaning computer examining depth observe short program
error messages kind error wrong usage spelling keyword errors commonly called syntax errors computer stops executing program error detected kind error number line occurred displayed screen ibm microcomputer display line statement error trs computer display number line error point simply press enter return remainder line error displayed error message displayed explanatory refer basic reference manual supplied manufacturer computer order interpret message errors corrected program executed successfully computer line corrected reentered procedure explained section view part program error detection reason command list simply key command list press enter return display entire program computer memory program sections displayed list range line numbers displayed list display lines list display line lines added program simply keying line number assigned line control placement program line lines numbered computer automatically put line proper place need physically keyed existing lines fact program statements entered order computer arrange statements numerical order
program documentation sheet form listing program programmer date written explanation purpose program sources input output data needed list variables represent parts program documentation sheet filled points planning writing program items explanatory familiar terminology purpose section short complete description program input section tell kind input data obtained obtained output section kind output produced output display printer sections variables explained later point programming experience suggested follow steps planning writing program steps developed fully progress text programs need planned created trial error describe clearly purpose program writing output output arranged output clearly defined identify input produce output decide input input data written program chapter program entered keyboard program executed learn chapter decisions planning process program documentation sheet completed process suppose students universities contest group develop fuel efficient automobile
step planning program prepare hierarchy chart figure note chart main module hotel hierarchy chart complete remainder documentation prepared program documentation sheet completed shown figure main module documentation prepared shown figure module documentation program program design simply say print directions hotel illustration module documentation excel hotel provided line number range program design study figure module documentation sheet completed program designs converted basic code remember main module remember test main module entering computer main module executing properly code entire program final form compare program design code prompt line program terminated ibm holding ctrl key pressing break key trs pressing break key stop execution notice input statement line prompt message adequate instructions print statements
chapter learn control structure explanation additional structure familiar control structures needed write program remember chapter control structure control sequence instructions program executed chapter learned decision structure enhanced decision structure case structure program execute alternate instructions depending circumstances chapter learn control structure computer repeat sequence instructions structure known loop controlled loop ability repeat sequences instructions tremendous amount power computer program makes programming easier consuming ability sets instructions frequently written repeatedly loops classified loops loops loop repeats series steps condition program true multiplication table follows printed loop program written print line loop repeated steps executed line printed loop line printed continues maximum reached loop prescribed condition reached written english description happens printing table follows multiply variable print result add stored variable greater quit repeat actions loop opposite loop loop starts prescribed condition true continues condition false
lines form loop basic statements loop repeated times count increases loop computer adds variable count checks limit count greater limit computer continues execution program line follows statement loop executed stored counter variable calculations step limit case loop change counter variable changing counter let input statement loop altered yielding undesired results writing basic code entering program statement statements loop indented shown computer require programming practice easily identifies loop statements indention space bar tab key loop numeric counter variable desired change step counter adding keyword step desired increment end statement initial set beginning loop repeated
length string represented constant numeric variable numeric expression character represented literal quotes shown character variable numeric variable expression numeric variable expression represent code desired character hyphen written expression inside parentheses represents length string expression regardless literal code case identifies character string string function separating columns leaders string periods printing rulings parts report program shows line program string function create string ten leaders assign variable line prints column headings line prints ruling separating headings detail lines lines variable printed item price produce leaders note extra spaces fries inside quotation marks line blanks printed word fries leaders start column hamburger numbers written sure line decimal point string function string characters printed loop string hyphens printed
computer applications require searching table searching table means looking desired police department stored computer table license numbers stolen automobiles officer stops suspicious car officer instruct computer search table car listed stolen table searches sequentially computer examines element table desired element examined process continues desired found end table reached match computer searches end table desired table found program print message action tables examined consist rows column thought dimensional tables table columns tables row column known dimensional tables rows column dimensional tables items dimensional table referred subscripts subscripts subscript refer row column examine dimensional table names phone numbers figure kathy located phone number located greg located phone number located element lea element phone number
program regular variable table program confuse idea names creation table known dimensioning table keyword dim short dimension number parentheses tells computer largest subscript referring data table parentheses means largest subscript smallest subscript total elements stored table dimensioned number contained parentheses dimensional table defined dimensional table numbers parentheses maximum row subscript means maximum column subscript table hold maximum rows subscripts columns subscripts dimensioning table number numbers parentheses expressed constant examples alternately expressed numeric variables numeric expressions numeric table dimensioned automatically filled zeros character table dimensioned automatically filled nothings dim statement program table practice place dim statement beginning program
print subtotals shown figure data groups items plant plant control variable named item change control subtotal count printed data entered correct order order program common method grouping data load items tables sort order smallest largest ascending largest smallest descending according control variable item produce report figure data items processed plant differs previous control variable changed subtotal printed change control variable known control break determine control variable changed variable known compare variable plant quantity read examined processed plant compare variable plant read comparison printing subtotals final total report variables accumulate totals accumulate subtotal accumulate final total subtotal printed subtotal accumulator clears previous subtotal accumulator starts group data manner variables counts individual plant count count items study steps subtotals computed data steps figure set variables compare subtotal total count
familiar file drawers typically found offices schools file drawers related information file drawer copies student schedules file drawer names addresses phone numbers students phone list names phone numbers friends examples records maintained student schedule record data person phone list combination address phone number record examples record related information maintained thing student item record known field phone list field phone number field let review terms thinking phone list smallest piece information list single phone number items known fields fields person known record person phone number record person records file entire phone list thought file shown figure represents person phone list list known file file records person record fields phone number note group related fields known record group related records known file
bringing data file disk computer similar writing data file writing reading step process opening file reading data file closing file opening data file read data computer disk identical opening file output file tell computer retrieve data file open input data read disk variables data item numeric numeric variable read item character data character variable data read sequential file order written starting data item continuing desired end file data written file order audrey plant norma campbell data item read file audrey plant item norma campbell read disk data regular variables tables reading disk referred note data read file removed erased disk means data intentionally erased remains disk read repeatedly closing file input identical closing output sequential files written order start finish read order start finish possibilities modifying limited aware add data end existing data
program errors fairly easy find correct program stops running computer prints error message message guide locating problem situations errors easily identified error message printed situations program runs error produces incorrect results appendix presents methods helpful locating hard find errors contents variables examined values programmer believes don search determine incorrect values assigned extra print statements temporarily inserted program display selected variables program executes stop statement program point want values computer stops print commands entered variables print print contents variables examined program stops execution computer prints error message sure enter print commands changing program line changing line set variables zeros ibm trs edit mode automatically error found edit mode exited program ibm stops error line displayed press ctrl break edit mode trs stops number error line displayed strike letter quit edit press enter key computer edit mode press enter machine contents variables destroyed
examine flowchart figure changed include symbol output steps produce output result figure note original calculate display sales tax step figure divided steps performs computation produces output diamond symbol decision based logical condition introduction symbol program calculates prints gross pay employees data contained data lines steps program design follows print headings top report read employee hours worked rate pay check read end statement calculate gross pay multiplying hours worked rate pay print employee hours worked rate pay gross pay step read record end study figure steps represented flowchart note diamond represent step program design point control continues transferred end statement depending read answers question yes written points diamond direction depending answer arrows point answer thing flow follow top bottom guideline place end statement bottom flowchart decision symbol location preferred
case structure known selection program perform action selection possibilities frequent applications menus user chooses actions program applications involve selecting multiple types pay methods process taking actions depending account receivable past due case structure drawn ways flowchart involves connectors connector separate flowchart steps performed case study figure case structure menu beginning end case structure easy note cases true program executed flowcharts connectors play case selected choice invalid action versions basic real case structure statement statement handle cases commonly known loops types structure concerned types repeat terminating condition true difference type tests terminating condition taking action tests terminating condition taking action making flowchart segments kinds loops follow guideline examine figures learn structures figure shows test loop figure shows test loop
high tech revolution turned information explosion information revolution developments firmly connected technology power find information ways words access information important development responsible increasing access information microcomputer microcomputer micro short small inexpensive general purpose computer offers users capabilities larger costly mainframe minicomputer siblings desk top computer appears hope information explosion personal economic enhancement matter drowning flood disorganized data microcomputer making information revolution reality personal computer brought computing corporate data processing departments hands public vengeance known pioneer microcomputer field apple computer sold products founding middle shipping units month apple share microcomputer market amounted twenty percent chief rival ibm accounted equal share sales micro pc introduced entire market desk top computers exceeded million units july growth personal computer market continues apace ten market yearly microcomputer sales measured billions dollars remarkable growth attributed part rapidly dropping prices
close glance future computers computing referring john megatrends mentioned start chapter predictions forecast age miraculous machines society computers exercise increasing influence human affairs economy evolve national international keeping track international business transactions monetary flow largely computer systems computer ability communicate financial data instantaneously makes powerful force bringing closer suggests successful future skilled languages english spanish computer basic computer programming language spoke norwegian swedish danish combined find significant trend accompanied high tech revolution called high touch trend increased human human contact computer offers opportunity tailor working studying shopping arrangements personal needs tastes increasing numbers employees working home computers transmit production main office increasing numbers students taking high school college courses television computers communicate school instructors consumers purchasing goods services electronically computers send orders payments increases electronic communication rising expectations increases opportunities communicate directly opposed machines electronic funds transfer systems relieve need bank disappointed banking industry appears prefer visiting bank reason say hello
actually efficient system formal official sense word procedure elemental components system let say persuade members household help opens accuracy write check record stuffs files system set elements components working achieve common goal components system helpers components performs procedures opening envelopes filing components system need human install machines help distinction system procedure clear matter point view component system system case call subsystem let say opener drafts person help divide person opens envelope sorts bill advertising matter passes bill accuracy giving check writing subsystem bill paying system leads complete definition term system group components consisting subsystems procedures coordinated fashion achieve objective elemental activity system procedure specifies detailed functions performed component system receive bill write check update check register pass check bill
feasibility report puts system analysis covers rarely report delivered writing developed feasibility report includes extensive presentations management operational personnel users system call feasibility report system proposal essence proposes change things rare find system emerge faultless careful scrutiny experts sure proposed writing report getting accepted served pay requires personal attention feasibility report includes summary reasons objectives system analysis brought achieve continues general description operation current system explanation succeed meeting objectives determination objectives change case system modification complete system redesign recommended preferred alternative included recommendation finally estimate costs installing operating system compared maintaining system carefully worked proceed discussion development cycle assuming major decisions design phase include course decisions modified system design phase takes decisions starting points assembles particulars system end product design phase set operating procedures including computer programs hardware specifications needed implement system
parts computer hardware system human brain computer memory brain stores data computer arithmetic logic unit performs calculations logical operations needed process data brain things cases control unit controls operations functioning memory processing operation peripheral devices arms fingers legs printers display screens data storage devices computer operation follows instructions memory set instructions known program instruction set occupies memory position control unit instructions sequentially ordered memory locations executes figure data read memory input device typically records data read stored data buffer area memory set input output data control unit fetching instructions sequence memory executes instructions causing data processed arithmetic logic unit results processing returned buffer eventually transmitted output device data memory destroy data stored called destructive write characteristic memory devices input data buffer data input operations making computer system process data stored memory data input processed output data input data buffer destroying
happens tape drive begins moving tape file reel takes amount speed requires space tape data storage records processed read tape ram tape drive slows stops await read operation takes space data storage figure technique storing records tape form groups read written ram rise number technical terms concerning types secondary storage media group records called physical record block record unit information group known logical record number logical records physical record referred blocking factor blocking factor ten ten logical records physical record block term block refers group logical records read written ram physical records blocks separated blank space tape called gap gap recording medium tape original data entry accomplished key tape units appears figure operator enters data typewriter keyboard data recorded tape coding scheme blocking factor record layout needed application program process tape records
initially developed big stand programs meaning operated independently application package required separate data entry operations data maintained data base manager directly program entered manually numbers calculated program graphing program graphs word processing programs pasted documents versions big operate basis cope difficulty software producers developed file transfer techniques aided making data program designed special file formats program graphing program producers began introducing limited versions program part number software products integrate big functions integrated software package functions operates full scale basis lotus development corporation analysis graphing data base management program introduction quickly leading software package ibm pc look alike computers software producers suit software group enable business solution context management system software international open access typical products open access combines data management analysis graphics word processing communications management program
computer programming art conceiving problem terms steps solution expressing steps instructions computer system follow stress parts definition part focuses defining problem logical procedures follow solving introduces means programmers communicate procedures computer system execute programmers system analysis design tools flowcharts structure charts define problem terms steps solution communicate logic solution computer programming languages programming language collection commands direct control computer system programming languages human human languages number rules expression called syntax language syntax governs manner commands faulty syntax misunderstanding english computer systems fail respond properly instruction appendix text reviews popular programming language basic syntax commands computer responds machine language collection commands expressed binary numbers control operation programmers today prepare computer programs machine language hundred programming languages developed past forty writing computer programs easier operation languages depends program set programs translates program language programmer basic machine language computer
find logic errors remain programmers trace program ways programmers mentally step program keeping track variables output input trace function programming language shows statement executed happened statement figure shows basic trace sample program line number statement executed printed data input output top figure lines executed characters begin languages allow limited traces statements selected programmer traced modules loops programmers languages trace capabilities write dummy statements statements print information program crt printer important remove dummy statements testing complete preparation test data demanding task data anticipate circumstances program behavior assessed encountered test data help detection logical errors incorrect arithmetic expression computer system face signalling error condition incorrect branches loops error condition represent incorrect program operation finally paths program structure chart subordinate flowcharts checked assure program coding accomplishes processes program stubs temporary execution program execution examine accumulators counters registers helps type examination
government private organizations offer enormous breadth services cover aspects communications services include electronic voice mail information retrieval home banking electronic fund transfer pages review categories service look principal providers electronic mail transmits stores messages electronically electronic mail local area network private lines added network case party van involved communication storing messages forwarding destinations service called store forward system involves telephone equipment differentiate electronic mail telephone conversation limited messages transmission digital messages stored electronic mailbox receiving computer recipient ready read electronic messages read crt printed hard copy main advantage electronic mail speed instance insurance broker wrote request policy home office left important information policy issued home office tried reach phone took days telephone tag contact client insurance electronic mail solved problem allowing revised policy language transmitted home office hours electronic mail solves difference problems los office company reach york office los
group wishes meet coming location group small large hundred typically involves forty small clusters say group los chicago york cluster meeting convenient site hand home electronically voice radio telephone conference call television computer limit discussion computerized known computerized cc cc started development murray electronic information exchange system forerunner system richard nixon presidency administer wage price freeze declared control inflation readily information consumers information utilities source cc sophisticated electronic bulletin board participants send messages central file participants read accessible computer modem software cc levels control conference open public conference limited read proceedings participants add comments messages read conference systems allow participants vote issues prepare reports send participants word processor built participating conference send participant message unseen participants
makes spelling mistakes keyboard compared writing longhand spelling errors generally increase opportunity strike wrong key proofreading spelling errors dull exactly kind detailed repetitive hope computer generally spelling checker programs included parts word processing programs executed text prepared word processor typical spelling programs microcomputers word processing systems spelling programs read word processing files compare word dictionary word found dictionary brought attention operator programs flag unrecognized words suggested correct spellings spellers corrections point errors spelling checkers fairly large words smallest dictionaries words spelling checkers allow addition words dictionary supplemental dictionary laced technical terms names ordinarily found standard dictionaries checked spelling checkers detect mistake entering signal error checking program program determine sentence makes sense word dictionary sentence weighs write escape attention correct sentence twas brillig slithy toves gyre gimble wabe looking glass produce errors words dictionary
past project control monitoring manually charts took form magnetic boards hung managers walls activities adjusted shifting magnets costs manual methods programs project project data increase programmers pay entered computer calculations data modified immediately requires extra week complete activity entry costs schedule entire project modified managerial jobs require careful monitoring projects building houses ships roads bridges remodeling offices factories designing automobiles aircraft producing employees handbook examples project management programs examples modern computer systems provide tools needed management important things executive manage effectively computers help accomplish task numerous calendar programs track appointments meetings things effective program management programs fact create important executive functions programs sidekick providing automatic telephone desk calculators small data bases users hard disks automatically loads dozen programs quickly easily important user involved applications microcomputer say word processor spelling checker data base programs provide report generators automatic telephone cost data billing clients
cliff spends lot phone finds telephone aspects savers longer remember numbers reach wrong numbers spend wasted trying reach correspondents management programs include features features attorneys need billing systems record spent client produce invoices features management program lead major increase executive productivity consistently limit computer wise business executive consider management programs early developing computerized office statistical analysis plays big role business planning true quality control applications products sampled determine percentage faulty goods entire production run making comparisons products sales territories chain markets analysis based sampling checking ten products selecting phone number random page telephone book performing similar procedures companies samples determine manufacturing marketing processes working correctly fact process requires sampling statistical procedure amenable computerized analysis statistical analysis packages statistical package social sciences spss mainframe computers recently packages microcomputers newer packages combine statistical power graphic output programs designed saw chapter fifteen fairly standard graphics program adds substantial statistical power enable identify trends data
late survey managers microcomputers allen hamilton management consulting firm concluded managers wanted single program perform task born integrated software development context management systems soon lotus development corporation announced rapidly popular business software package history microcomputers program included graphics capabilities program demand soon spread word processing communications lotus released program symphony included modules ability add spelling checkers additional software ashton tate producers ii iii introduced framework integrated package program included features symphony added idea processor outlines appears future versions integrated systems include business productivity products project managers ways form integrated system build series independent programs common data base build single program performs functions series series file report write examples multiple program integrated systems symphony framework single program systems case ram required modules capabilities case large computers typically ram segments program tend limited capabilities instance graphics stand program case program tends command structure requiring user master sets instructions
heard times won understand means means don kind person need learn raise esteem think talents abilities unique unique means don put credit accomplishments instance accept compliments sincerely don believe comments don accept important unique human comfortable liked liking mean re aware shortcomings weaknesses perfect famous olympic gold medalist rock star talents developed talent art music math maybe friends love pets grow plants fix things develop special talent positive view won need look rewards important sense learning friend able form faulty concepts think instance alls believe disregard opinions beliefs think ugly unattractive actually nice looking individuals don accurate pictures avoid forming faulty concept gather information form firm picture
think important decision decision big part feelings play making decision try ignore feelings making decisions think emotional person sound decision rely hunches intuition consider feelings don feelings making decision making decisions part everyday living making dozens dozens decisions small important decision making skills chance feeling satisfied outcome born knowing decisions skill learn specific steps insure greater satisfaction outcome decision table planning process individual group action lists steps making decisions suppose want earn money summer sure step identify concerns means brainstorm list ways earn money brainstorming means trying think solutions worrying brainstorming group think yard sale babysitting taking care elderly person bake sale step evaluate list think idea figure project idea earning money alternative set goal money expect earn weeks form plan instance decide yard sale try sell finally action set plan
deal hurt feelings prefer cry think wait bad feelings seek closest parents friends special teachers understand talking hurt feelings feel recognize feelings control positive things content seen poster says lemons lemonade important part developing sense responsibility developing positive habits habits things automatically thinking learned habits young child wash hands eating depends raised habits developed habits bad bad habits easy change instance throw dirty clothes floor putting hamper bad habit fairly easy change bad habits realize bad habit bad habit habit hinders let look suppose acts friend tells secrets hurt confusion relationship think person habit hinders showing trusts person won able friends bad habit hinders person growth happiness jealous lying habits hinder perfect habits hinder change habits need examine behavior find bad habits believe change behavior
eat re hungry pork cookies potato chips re bored watching television exercise regularly think exercising takes worth effort happy weigh trying diet lose weight answers questions depend style living choices food exercise determine style healthy standard american diet sad fast food restaurants convenience foods vending machines sad describes teenagers eating today teenagers eat fast food diets exercise leisure group millions teenagers spend leisure snacking watching television typical teenage style millions teenagers overweight researchers harvard university studied groups children group included olds olds study found teenagers watched television likely overweight overweight teenagers feel heavy clumsy don feel moving bodies exercise hate going gym classes don concept overeat re unhappy simply overweight overweight teenagers change eating habits exercise patterns lose weight eat exercise child didn choice ate freedom eat want health depends choose eat
metropolitan insurance tuesday issued weight tables suggesting american adults safely carry poundage past statistics immediately attacked heart association official dangerous health tables showed weight americans increased weights recommended longest metropolitan figures showing americans heavier alarm weight tables millions health conscious americans targets weight ranges heights builds lowest mortality hours tables published dr virgil brown chairman american heart association nutrition committee advised stick tables professor medicine mt sinai hospital york city light heavy lean fat dr paul metropolitan chief medical director defended tables cautioned weights higher tables tables mean license gain tables show average increase weight short pounds percent medium height increase averaged pounds percent tall small increase pounds percent short women average increase weight tables pounds percent medium height women increase averaged pounds percent tall women increase pounds percent tables devised data body build study records million supplied insurance companies metropolitan
identify bad eating habits change eat re nervous hungry re watching television commercial tough walking past candy machine stopping purchase bad eating habits eating earliest learned behaviors environment child played important role establishing eating patterns food centered families overeat mealtimes eat quickly snack eat meet needs hunger families produce children habits parents believe fat baby healthy baby making fat adult parents reward children food produce teenagers eat unhappy developed poor eating habits recently making food choices making thinking busy friends eat fewer balanced meals family filling empty calories meal snacks changing bad eating habits requires lot effort part daily decision important matter learned change eating behaviors temptations crop sign refrigerator help eating shouldn remember nutrition combinations food decision choice help feel control learn aware food habits positive step say eating potato chip leads matter won eat
belonging group important teenagers learning independent family need depend friends accepted group security help build confidence confidence feeling re friends important choose carefully normal want accepted friends want liked re unique individual need develop personality concept need decide actions going help reach goals going prevent reaching teenagers strongly influenced peer pressures peers group classmates peers peer pressure means acting peers want liked peer pressure dressing friends wearing hairstyle feel comfortable improve confidence won worry feeling ill ease place important fight peer pressure friends want behave ways values beliefs follow friends values unhappy concept hurt lose respect easy fight peer pressure grow mature independent person drug alcohol expected activities peer groups involved peer group drinking alcohol drugs common activities develop tolerance activities
basic needs food clothing shelter clothing need requirement living clothing want desire clothes want nice need piece cloth covering body want clothes look nice feel wear choosing clothing part decide clothes wear activities concept beliefs attitudes esteem satisfied concept esteem affect clothing choices wake morning feeling clothing choice likely express feelings wear bright colors extra look neat feel blah grab thing closet care look sloppy messy untidy feel clothes affect concept esteem wearing clothes feel inappropriate clothing feel awkward embarrassed person party wearing jeans dressed dressed correctly helps give confidence makes feel clothes send message powerful form nonverbal communication form impression picture feel dress suppose babysitting job wearing clean jeans clean shirt hair neatly combed impression give
wardrobe reflect style teenagers huge variety casual clothes outfit formal clothes begin clothing decisions wardrobe inventory wardrobe inventory list clothes let need shop clothes combine items outfits teenagers choose clothes according fads fad temporary style extremely popular short period bell bottom pants fad early early michael jackson look popular fads school today fashion word describe style lasts examples fashion crewneck sweaters pullover sweaters denim blue jeans season fashionable clothes remain popular making major expensive clothing decision winter coat fashion wiser buying fad item winter coat style won want wear want able wear longer season buy fashionable choose fad styles expensive items won care style buy clothing item look try sure looks hope clothes look hangers actually put trying clothes helps choose correct size style color check item item poorly wearing laundering checklist help determine item
try stay rules set authorities think rule unfair change disobey rules purpose feel rules unfair dislike authority authority imagine school rules think able learn think rule unfair try find rule exists need rule changed fair find reason rule find disagree rule change case try forget things control authority important let attitude authority distract goals high schools today youths preoccupied material ambitions recent headline national newspaper students ten pursuing higher education think able paying jobs job security wrong especially twenty century demand prepared highly skilled workers reasons choosing learner observed young children noticed sense wonder joy learning things experiencing events toddlers reach bright petals spring flowers attracted color aroma small fingers plucking petals explore inch nature special gifts children grow older lose sense appreciation wonder case growing adult learners rediscover excitement young learner learning fun
part growing taking responsibility actions decisions school making decisions affect future decisions career job responsibilities independence caring health stay physically healthy eating foods exercising getting rest re physically ill doctor signs mental health mentally ill seek help mentally healthy positive concept high esteem able cope stress problems responsibilities accept responsibility actions don blame things wrong decisions physical health decisions mental health learning cope solve problems help stay mentally healthy sign mental illness constant depression normal feel sad depression feeling sad common symptoms depression loss appetite sleep problems loss energy nervous guilty feelings difficulty concentrating severe depression think hurting depression suicide growing problems teenagers communities youth suicide rate tripled ranks leading death children teenagers
unfortunately don want admit mental health problems feel ashamed mental illness don seek help think extremely foolish doctor broken arm equally foolish seek help severe depression unable cope problems responsibilities drugs alcohol escape able forget problems short problems don abusing drugs alcohol find bigger problems idea problem ways escape distract mind problem escape physical activity concentrating book face problem eventually try find solution coping difficult situations problems keeps control abuse drugs alcohol give control think sexual harassment fact think talk fortunately things stop sexual harassment sexual abuse sexual assault step recognize sexual assault abuse harassment involve person forcing sexual attention want dominating unfairly taking advantage situation intimidating force consent violating rights assault abuse hurt result bad feelings victim sexual harassment abuse talk trusted adult schools help sexual harassment problems policy sexual harassment written student handbook
tomorrow tomorrow tomorrow future exciting concept future important factors future knowing emphasized book don won chance success won weaknesses things try change won change want questions ask find positive concept concept created experiences experiences influenced tell adult tell dummy problem normal person promise tend important believe called fulfilling prophecy believe fail believe fail fail believe succeed think fail chance success positive concept help achieve success concept influenced talk messages send negative talk likely produces negative results positive talk produces positive results talk important shaping outcomes actions positive concept help reach autonomy autonomy means knowing want means knowing want means pro active willing re active responding action autonomous persons cope help start future
changing changing need aware changing environment cope occurring prepare future families presently going tremendous idea traditional household husband wife children changing climbing divorce rates increasing number children raised parent reports say half children age spent single parent household blended families blended families occur remarry bring roof children previous marriages step parent step sister brother easy takes problem solving skills problems bringing families dual career couples families mother father home half children parents working home children cared changing young children care centers older children attend school return empty house parents working children referred children arrive home parents need help contribute smooth running household chores child parents arrive home children vital members household housework parent needs emotional support
future filled demands challenges technological advances affect live making decisions situations imagined let look possibilities future ago personal choices limited father mother house raised children married worked regular job kind certainly present society society future longer think terms options roles things going face future decision maker ways situations face familiar choosing career finding place live getting driver license marrying children ways situation changing futurists predictions future predict hour week flexible schedules share jobs job sharing retire later living longer leisure increase decisions going spend free women going decide jobs careers thirds adult women jobs important issue decided society care children working parents problems present system care alternatives
selling important economy business american order understand importance need familiar basic facts segment american economy economy country divided phases production marketing consumption production refers physical creation goods services farming mining fishing lumbering manufacturing production phase economy thousands goods services produced goods services sell goods services produced consumers purchase marketing process goods services flow producer consumer wholesalers retailers participate marketing phase economy selling important marketing function performed retail wholesale business wholesalers buy producers sell retailers retailers buy producers wholesalers sell consumers consumers users goods services society process goods services called consumption contribution selling economy role selling society identify provide goods services satisfy needs wants consumer manufacturers wholesalers retailers depend customers purchase products services business sales decline company reduces number employees jobs produce provide goods services depend successful salespeople customers purchase products services help create employment manufacturing wholesaling retailing full employment country creates additional purchasing power consumers selling assists maintaining high standard living enjoyed country
possess traits fact mean try develop desirable trait personality need improve personality traits personality traits needed successful selling career developed personality traits changed overnight person existing personality formed honest effort basic change improve personality recognize personality traits belong change consent cooperation willing admit improve personality progress begin personality improvement plan reason wanting improve happier person want customers bit reasons don reason improvement unlikely personality change step personality improvement program select habits attitudes feelings want improve don attempt change traits identified want improve learn desired trait practice customers today customers read informed intelligent demanding history country today customers buying products buying benefits want benefit buying products services businesses salespeople respond customer demands providing products improved services customers want money successful businesses need offer products services
selling important job employer wants effective employer want spend improving selling skills specifically employer want learn business products services handle customers according store policies selling skills satisfy customers selling hard effective salesperson study job personality skills practice effective selling techniques salesperson analyzes selling skills tries improve sales performance employers want employees interested willing learn selling results benefit salesperson receive training directions experienced salespeople owner manager business directions important follow letter cases businesses reasons things sales experience wish suggest ways improve things employee hold suggestions re absolutely improve sales procedures experience teacher suggestions employees met resentment experienced salespeople situations criticism let expected aware areas need improve salesperson able accept criticism improve salesperson learn benefit criticism
products materials products product information increasingly important salespeople salespeople able provide customer product information customer salespeople knowledgeable order reassure customers customers product knowledge beliefs salespeople informed products services receive benefits find jobs enjoyable develop confidence customers confidence able organize effective sales presentations overcome sales resistance increase chances promotion knowledgeable salespeople find enjoyable trying sell adequate product service knowledge stressful unprepared salespeople fear objection raised customer hesitate help customers fear customer ask questions answer unprepared salespeople worry customer buy avoid feelings prepared expert products services sell preparation enjoy serving customers giving product service information help customers wise buying decision receive personal satisfaction enjoyable salesperson makes sale product service superior cases customers shopping especially expensive items want deal confident knowledgeable salesperson look confident salespeople products services salespeople confidence inspire confidence customers customers want helped salespeople believe products services customers seek confident salespeople answer questions understand problems
factor sets salespeople amount product knowledge impress customers knowing sell informed begin selling salesperson learn products services sell preparation expect sales analyze facts features product service ask product service created products services developed customer mind product service created customers want buy customers point view able organize sales presentations appeal learn products services sell customers buy experts salespeople appearance material composition manufacturing process performance service care brand price competition related items product appearance products important customers customers concerned selecting items customer decided general item furniture clothing appliances home furnishings selection based choices buyer style color shape size design influence final decision customer customers appreciate help selecting item build customers confidence ask appearance item desired organizing sales presentation consider questions help select product customers customers looking kitchen sink ask color counter tops color kitchen appliances ask prefer enamel stainless steel customers looking lamp ask want modern early american mediterranean ask want hanging lamp table lamp
salesperson control sales presentation prompt approach forget stock conversation employees nonsales activities customers area job serve sales control begins minutes customer comes store getting sale start depends ability analyze sales situation quickly choosing greeting help customer receptive assistance customer comes clothing store quickly walks shirts picks white dress shirt salesperson recognize decided customer salesperson say find correct size want short dress shirt dress shirt requires ironing customer comes clothing store strolls store looking variety merchandise salesperson say morning approach lets customer salesperson standing ready help morning want look sale items specific approach guides customer special merchandise sales control important salesperson wants guide customer stages buying process attention interest desire conviction action taking control easy salesperson observes listens carefully customer salesperson genuinely interested selling techniques sincere serving customer sales control sales control needed customer walks store salesperson busy customer sure acknowledge presence customers store ignore customers nearby store busy salesperson say hi moment
salespeople welcome objections important part selling process expected sales happen customer objections objection customer concern hesitation considering purchase products services objections roadblocks barriers completing sale customers interested products services chances won bother raising objections objections show customers interested buying lack information customers raise objections objections natural customer weigh price getting money worth buy product service salesperson able show customer outweighs price exists mind customer salesperson stress customer feels product service chances making sale salespeople feel insulted customer raises objection shouldn feel customer missed point salesperson presentation instructions operate care item misunderstood customer feel selection product service reason customer objections salesperson show feeling annoyance bother objection small unimportant salesperson objections raised customers objections important salesperson show disinterest lack concern disinterested attitude turns customer attention sold customer quickly develop disinterested attitude shop importance proper attitude answering objections overemphasized
customer objection sure understand don want answer objection customer stated sure customer knows understand objection rephrase restate objection words restating objection demonstrate customer understand important customers share concerns addition rephrasing restating objection giving develop answer change objection question customer object buying set tires previous set wear respond appreciate concern brought point sure tires wear pause answer question rephrasing objection answering show appreciate customer point view listened understand objection customer open minded receptive answer customer objections don restate variety responses avoid meaningless replies reflective empathy statements customer feel giving memorized speech product service objections acknowledged answered sale continue course postpone objection later customer concentrating objection sale soon customer believe objection important customer think wrong salesperson won answer objection hurt chances making sale ignoring lightly passing customer objection
greatest failing close sale lack confidence salespeople lack confidence sales ability products services sell believe products services buyer benefits order successful don embarrassed ask customers buy product service worth penny charged don believe selling wrong thing proud offer customers opportunity invest product service benefit confident talk conviction speak authority show enthusiasm sell feel confident selected product service benefit customer ask customer buy important thing remember trying welcome close opportunity help customer wise buying decision guide sale successful close build moment decision greeting customers pay attention customers likes dislikes customers tell opinions customers give resistance convinced product service want product feel buy expensive product remember salespeople problem solvers product pushers customers minds don afraid ask question pair shoes don feel don care style customers tell listen customers understand beginning sale close sale reason customer resisting able adjust sales presentation bring sale natural close
sales book sales register sales forms sales book sales register sales book pad approximately sales forms write sale sales book remove carbon paper tear copies book sales register small metal plastic container hold approximately sales forms fill sales form eject copies container regardless system business important sales book sales register assigned sales form numbered sequential order write sales numbered sequence records maintained accounting department according numbers printed sales book reason sales book error recording sale want start destroy incorrect copy write void front form word void means sales form canceled businesses require salesperson provide explanation error voided copy authorized store manager voided sales form form sequential order write sale sales forms written duplicate carbon paper newer carbonless paper business keeps original customer receives carbon copy sales forms written copy depending operation business larger business offers customers delivery service business copies original copy store records copy customer receipt copy retained credit accounting department customer charge statement fourth copy delivery ticket cod sales delivered merchandise
sale recorded cash register charge sale credit approval obtained credit department original form store copies delivered merchandise customer signature verify customer received items paid bill customer keeps copy sale form receipt person delivers merchandise write paid receipt later payment sale recorded cash register received account illustration page sales form received account businesses offer customers convenience sales sales referred lay call sales sales transaction salesperson set item merchandise customer cash deposit required sale customer pay item specific period months store policy require salespeople obtain credit approval sale cases sale written charge sale customer receive item sale sales transaction store keeps item customer completely paid customer pay balance period item returned stock sale customer lose part deposit paid businesses refund money paid sales reasons customers services customer want purchase item season customer purchase winter coat july
detailed audit tape permanent record cash register transactions anytime cash register drawer opened recorded tape cash registers paper tape inside machine records information addition newer electronic cash register terminals record information computer detailed audit tape serves legal permanent record transactions business change tape cash register procedure require approval store manager supervisor red green blue line tape nears end roll paper means replace roll procedure takes change tape handle transaction avoid making customer wait replace tape cash registers detailed audit tape seen window window salesperson information recorded sale window opens allow salesperson store manager notations detailed audit tape note bank charge cards refunds errors need corrected window notations detailed audit tape customer receive receipt purchase sales form cash register receipt sales forms cash register receipt tape slot receipt printed cash register issued slot tape information printed detailed audit tape cash registers designed automatically receive special sales form form inserted receipt printer salesperson records information cash register register print information sales form sale recorded salesperson removes sales form original business duplicate customer receipt purchase
department stores large retail stores handle wide range merchandise including clothing shoes furniture housewares sporting goods toys fabric cosmetics automotive parts cameras jewelry stores catalog telephone sales departments sell insurance beauty shop services department stores divided separate departments department department manager department salespeople departments assistant department manager department stores stress customer service offering services free delivery installation credit telephone mail order departments gift wrapping opportunity return merchandise alterations restaurants nationally known department stores include penney sears roebuck montgomery ward york marshall field chicago marcus dallas bullock los department stores hire salespeople type retail store hired departments store successful salespeople promoted positions assistant department manager department manager buyer store division manager store manager variety stores handle wide variety merchandise toys housewares candy clothing small electrical appliances paper school supplies variety stores originally known tens merchandise stores priced ten cents stores known limited price variety stores prices merchandise range ten cents stores past sold merchandise cash carry basis today offer credit services salespeople selling variety stores
assessing personality important exploring selling career personality strengths weaknesses honest jobs suited things personality fit job chances unhappy job experience qualifies sales job experience includes paid jobs voluntary activities employers interested knowing worked regardless paid job entirely unrelated job applying employer interested job activities related positions working responsible establishing habits characteristics employers looking taking personal inventory activities accomplishments experience able sell employer students applying job employers interested school school activities involvement show initiative leadership potential ability organize willingness follow orders interest details ability achievements school demonstrate sufficient ability interest perform responsibilities involved select school courses extracurricular school activities clubs organizations community involvement willingness ability learn job interest employers decided kind sales job want offer ready find job key getting sales job locating job openings employers search workers apply job openings especially beginners find job opportunity save lot chance obtaining sales job plan job search
watch clues interview interviewer relaxed alert interested encouraging nods smiles comments size interviewer interviewer puzzled comment say covered point adequately let interviewer watching watching interviewer approximately minutes talk power decide hire job analyze interview sitting help realize selling interviewer interview point don start idle conversation stand thank interviewer opportunity talk job don say thank interviewer interruption interviewer purpose interviewer job interview hire offered job ask check soon tell interviewer responds question chance job job company don show disappointment offered job end interview employer want check references interview applicants employer asks call written note place date telephone number call leave promptly job applicants lose jobs leave promptly interviewer applicants interview business complete don delay interviewer schedule analyze company position salary decide want position give careful thought decide want employed company company decide want hire
worthwhile happens retailing goods services sold planning organizing store owners unable sell merchandise successful merchants think selling important duties employees perform generally selling means retailers provide customers goods services satisfy customers wants needs selling involve kinds activity called personal selling requires direct contact customer salesperson called selling advertising displaying sales promotion attract customers inform store merchandise personal selling combinations depending store merchandise involved major purpose store operations provide customer service store operators desire merchandise sold quickly store personnel hired trained paid promoted replaced customer credit adjustments returns handled politely constant store security building care modernization conducted help ensure safe pleasant atmosphere customers employees retail store owner needs date information financial condition business record keeping activities produce kind information control functions store management information related stock control sales operations credit costs important making correct management decisions control functions store management appeal type individual likes working numbers accurately unlike employers retailers offer personnel wide range job choices wages opportunities jobs provide career advancement vary widely
pricing considerations major part merchandising store owners try prices competitive setting prices relation prices stores type area retailers watch competitors prices meet prices lower specialty stores stock exclusive merchandise pay attention competitors prices specialty retailers justify higher prices unusual nature merchandise extra services merchant decide price merchandise price competitors price merchandise level competitors price merchandise competition appeal customers basis price question underlies price competition competitor competition large department store discount store stores market area hand small store owner consider stores size competitors small store retailers find greater advantage offering merchandise service tailored customer needs attempting compete price small stores affiliated independent stores buying power compete low price basis larger stores chain stores today reputable store price policy means customers charged amount article store advertises tickets item sell item price price policy lower raise price goods price automobile appliance price policy
suggestion selling service customers step simply involves recommending customer purchase additional merchandise complement original purchase salesperson suggest purchase blouse scarf match purchased suit paint roller tray paint selected sale items newly arrived merchandise suggested case suggestion selling mean high pressuring customers buying items final step selling process salesperson opportunity reassure customer decision buy correct customer departs salesperson say thank enjoy coat typical build customer confidence retain goodwill sale closed salesperson express willingness assist customers visits store mastery steps selling process retail salespeople important additional specialized skills needed provide customer service ability remember names faces build customer confidence salesperson say skill selling telephone fast important job asset times customers complaints products services purchased sales personnel listen attentively store policy proper attitude customer complaints build goodwill employer maintaining customer interest serving individuals skill competent salespeople perform sale closed salesperson responsibility assist customer completing actual sales transaction
flat amount lease involves dollar amount paid monthly annually retailer agrees pay month vacant building store space amount fixed lease contract changed signing flat amount lease retailer advantage business flat amount high retailer suffer financially business takes downward turn straight percentage lease actual amount paid retailer vary sales volume profits store agreed part lease agreement store sales profit goes retailer pay higher rental rate sales profit goes retailer pay lower rental rate amount paid straight percentage say percent sales profits profit calculated ways retailer building owner disagree amount profit reason dollar amount sales basis straight percentage lease arrangement kind operates straight percentage lease building owner assured receiving minimum payment month percentage lease guaranteed minimum offer terms month percent sales volume whichever higher percent sales volume month amounts payment building owner receive percent sales equals retailer pay minimum agreed
organization service business retail businesses clear understanding business goals product provided business exactly product sold organization steps chapter important service business group activities related manageable units select employees assign duties provide direction evaluation employees retail functions buying selling operations control equally important service oriented merchandise oriented businesses buying function involves selecting offering type services implementation functions similar merchandise retailing specific policies retail service businesses harder set policies product oriented businesses service customer presents unique set needs service modified adjusted meet needs product retailer money guarantee lowest price town generous merchandise return policy service retailer adjustment customer decides days hair style decorating color theatre performance wanted customer policies service firm general specific interpreted differently customer situations service policies written specifically clearly main types retailing type involves personal encounters retailers customers telephone customers homes
personnel provide adequate customer service extended store hours requires complicated employee schedule employment part seasonal help flexible scheduling part employees makes accommodate customers peak periods odd hours retailers generally able attract part help high school college students willing adapt flexible schedule employees remain retail establishment months stay job department jobs created company grows jobs due promotions employees relocate store move stores chain branch store system policies governing types promotions transfers established promotion moves employee job responsibility authority employee ability seniority important factors determining individual receive promotion retailers prefer fill vacant jobs promoting current employees hiring promoting reduces costs hiring training workers promotion policy kind increases goodwill part employees employees store fair promotion policy opportunities advancement likely loyal enthusiastic workers transfer involves relocation employee job level responsibility employee initially job suited
relationship buyer seller characterized honesty spirit fair play experienced buyers sellers advantage provide goods ultimate consumers want need build relationship buyer seller adhere principles business conduct established trade practices common understanding prices buying process discounts billings shipping terms special terms importance order capable buyer estimate close inspection merchandise approximate cost price probable retail price valuable skill developed study experience buyers opportunity estimate prices merchandise prices estimated ways estimate retail price determine cost price buyer cost price thirds retail price item estimated sell retail cost means estimating prices memorize buyer collect memorize price information items buy buyers amaze vast knowledge prices ability quote retail cost price hundreds items store storehouse price information gathered repetition concentration price information close attention price product means estimating prices building prices method buyer knowledge cost materials labor produce product shown selection decorative drapery rods buyer build price rod
premium free low price order induce customer purchase merchandise times premium offers established manufacturers manufacturer objective grant indirect price cut introduce product merchandise leading product field coupons gifts trading stamps coupons carried advertisements direct mail printed package product purchasing item retail store customer presents coupon reduction price item purchased obtain gift offered manufacturer customer return proof purchase insert box label small sum money return customer receive household gadget shirt poster book item interest inexpensive premiums enclosed package product cereal packages puzzles character cards toys widespread form premium merchandising trading stamp purchase merchandise customer trading stamps accumulated redeemed merchandise trading stamps bought retail store trading stamp companies companies provide stamps blank books operate redemption centers customer select merchandise accumulated stamps leader merchandising premium devices successful attracting customers merchants question continued expanded premiums believe product sold primarily basis merits gifts extras retail practice requires merchandise markdowns accurately recorded
advertising fast selling popular items bring customers store increase sales stores sell moderately priced merchandise generally feature articles current demand fans hot weather hit records fruits season advertising goods shows customers store date sell goods want prices willing pay fast selling item won approval customers merchandise steady demand store policy fashion leadership advertise accepted bestseller advertises styles retailer believes fashion customers watch advertisements unusual merchandise established items customers policy type store interested wearing latest styles sure getting minute merchandise buy store advertised goods stores styles put public cautiously stores test sales possibilities goods small advertisement small display customers reactions demand brisk goods stocked large quantities advertised heavily desire things want exclusive merchandise merchandise produced small quantities easily found custom clothing furniture luxury cars rolls royce examples exclusive merchandise advertising effective means bringing attention unique products provided advertising media carefully selected advertisements targeted potential market
job trying predict changing customer needs wants buying habits filled uncertainty retailers afford ignore behavior patterns customers mean loss business factors affect customer behavior buying decisions selling process reviewed chapter customers alike reasons buying merchandise differ generally customers buy satisfy needs wants recall chapter needs defined conditions basic individual existence welfare wants conditions things person desires essential allan wilson shops microcomputer letter quality printer home tells salesperson needs microcomputer fast easy operate dependable fact allan unaware need motivates buy sue randall office manager large law firm typewriter office workload increased looking high speed machine handle large legal forms produce large mailings simplify word processing tasks salesperson job identify customer reasons buying reasons buying matched merchandise salesperson experience product knowledge skill observing listening customers tools identifying reasons customers buy skills important customers allan sue buy item entirely reasons
salesperson presents merchandise customer objections objections welcomed nature customer interest generally basic kinds legitimate customer objections encountered selling situation include objection price objection quality merchandise objection store policies objection buying immediately case salespeople allow annoyed regardless objections offered customers salesperson drawn argument prove point saying customer applies store customers raise objections sales presentation hopes obtaining additional product information instance customer say product costs customer mean tell item worth price asking true customer afford buy asking price salesperson welcomes customer objections opportunities explain product features benefits handle objections forestall answer raised customer sporting goods salesperson say jogging suit washable fade anticipating common customer objection buying clothes require special cleaning illustration lists typical kinds customer objections anticipate forestall objection customer raises techniques answering objections direct denial method yes method reverse english method superior point method questioning method direct denial technique customer objection incorrect
difficult selling situation created persons shopping husband wife mother daughter peer group present selling situations buyer sold cases salesperson try determine answer objections parties requires additional concentration listening questioning sell buyer group answer objections selling results sale returned merchandise dishes broken took box thought warranty wanted size collar larger ordered complaints heard retailers matter carefully store develops implements merchandising policies procedures dissatisfied customers circumstances customer complaints realistic retailers expect small stores listening customer making adjustments exchanges responsibilities salesperson adjustment satisfy customer store salesperson develop special skills handling customer complaints salesperson attitude customer complaints earn goodwill store salesperson poor attitude cost store customers salespeople department managers defensive customer comes complaint believe complaint reflects badly store original sale customer
kimura noticed gradual change buying habits customers patronize hardware store past count customers ask basics tools nails paint requests prepackaged hardware repair kits appliances furniture common wishes accurately predict customers wants needs street sonia torres owner sportswear shop finds growing number customers prefer high priced high fashion clothing sonia hesitant increasing inventory merchandise case demand drop result sales slow clear cut reason customers buying habits faced problems similar sonia increasing costs business retailers employing retailing research techniques improve store operations retailing research defined american marketing association systematic gathering recording analyzing data problems relating marketing goods services chapter tells merchants retailing research presents procedures follow solve marketing problems believe research conducted sterile laboratories individuals white uniforms case research type conducted retailers stores shopping malls mail telephone research complicated simple depending problem retailer wants solve goal retailing research improve customer services increase store profits retail managers met goals results research solve problems areas
retailers risk takers chances developing successful business depend part willingness try took chance started service store discount operation rental shop gardening lawn care service carpet store tanning center stop wedding shop clearly retailing faint heart creativity imagination risk taking brought steady stream exciting business opportunities retail operation grows chances increase replaced ventures things lower costs retailing experts believe shopping staple goods food clothing routine depend service machines personal service meet customer needs specialty items sporting equipment high fashion clothing stereo equipment furniture hand require methods selling increased personalized service attract retain customers experts predict dramatic shopping mall operations increasing standardization store operations products management procedures chapter explains rapidly changing business practices usher retailing century visible taking place retail industry affecting traditional shopping centers malls innovations include malls high fashion malls manufacturers malls mega malls description type operation business developers difficulty finding suitable locations construction malls centers question need continue locating suburban communities trend living central city areas increasingly retailers look existing buildings operate malls
underestimate importance loyalty employer worker accepts salary employer employee owes employer loyalty return questions arise employee receives conflicting orders superiors loyalty person results apparent disloyalty owe loyalty supervisor responsible giving job instructions employee follow instructions spite instructions employees want perform assigned job tasks abilities supervisors expect employees follow directions apply learned training sessions supervisors managers duties supervision annoys repeated interruptions answer employee unnecessary questions employees carry assignments constantly consulting supervisor store policies course provide framework employee acts learning policies keeping copy handy vital addition employees need able apply common sense judgment areas spelled store policies resourceful means running risk wrong wrong bad employee learns mistake retail employees hesitate extra ambitious salesperson visit competing stores free compare appearance services assortments values spent studying store manuals training materials valuable activities help salespersons giving confidence store department salesperson acquire ideas passed tactfully supervisors
worker produce goods provide services earn income fulfill personal needs economy decide develop skills according interests abilities risks start business change careers citizen join individuals group decisions citizens influence laws pay taxes vote candidates strive obtain benefits public goods services problems pollution discrimination urban decay poverty energy shortages wasted resources unemployment confront today citizens business industry component economy business industry goods services consumers return profit business activity classified production processing distribution services production includes farming mining fishing forestry processing includes manufacturing construction processing foods oil refining publishing printing distribution includes wholesale retail sales advertising transportation communication services include finance insurance real estate professional services medicine law personal services hairstyling auto repair entertainment services movies music sports television government component economy role government grown tremendously twentieth century government legal framework laws rules regulations economic activity carried government consumer goods producer goods economic force economy providing legal framework government consumers businesses freedom enter contracts property cases government sets limits activities consumers businesses
consumers necessity trust persons deal marketplace consumers knowledgeable products evaluate claims sellers general consumers assume government permit false misleading claims products problems consumers experience fall categories problems concerning product service performance problems frauds deceptive practices consumers expect products perform satisfactorily durable safe regardless amount paid purchase consumers quality satisfaction today marketplace consumers experience frustrations problems national survey percent households reported experienced consumer problems table shows types problems consumers experienced prevalent problems dealt basic deficiencies quality products services purchased problems reported concerned marketing business practices products services receive greatest number complaints consumers order frequency complaints automobiles appliances radios televisions major minor appliances postal service clothing telephone service food household items problems automobiles appliances related services provided repair shops unsatisfactory service american consumers lose estimated billion average loss household consumers likely complain greater amount financial loss large sums money involved consumers don complain amounts percent consumers experience problems action
respectable correspondence schools exist advantage hopes ambitions uninformed buying correspondence course consumers check employers industry interested determine course look found envelope filled money split won call police fraud approached stranger claims found money offer share contact police put faith money valuables money divided scheme involves requirement remove amount bank order prove intentions person defrauded promoter takes faith money leaves victim holding phony money waiting split treasure newspaper account exemplifies pigeon drop works elderly woman approached young women victim told found large sum money share put money faith woman approached gave pair diamond ring withdrawn local bank victim attempting withdraw large sum money bank warned schemes bank officers woman returned police pair waiting disappeared ring money frauds pigeon drop desire
convenience stores open extended hours hours generally expensive mail order businesses let shop mail largest catalog operations larger chain department stores sears roebuck mail order catalogs provide consumer information products convenient home shopping return privileges obviously disadvantage mail order shopping lack opportunity product buying deciding buy product consumers consider customer service important factor customer service includes services free delivery products customer home installation appliances repair service home customer services offered include check cashing availability credit liberal return refund store policy free clothing alterations provided consumer service stores consumers convenient location late shopping hours type customer service generally customer services store offers higher price relative stores don offer services price product major concern consumers price product indicator quality attitude seen expression pay consumers assume low price means low quality higher price means higher quality unfortunately consumer decision making simple prices reflect availability services prestigious expensive location quality buying durable products consumers seek information quality competing brands consider price
remedies consumers suffer losses paying defective products services obviously complaints family friends consumers redress register dissatisfaction assured remedy wrongdoing consumers expect money worth rights assert rights competent consumers channels redress complain effectively step effective consumer complaining action want goal complaining expression anger meaningless threats sarcasm vague pleas help effective complaining requires seek specific action repair replacement product refund money step effective complaining involves collecting data pertain problem receipts warranties care instructions records repair service begin complaint process record conversations names persons speak dates present accurate specific information problem want considered seriously step complaining select channel appeal numerous agencies exist help resolve consumer problems government offices play important part protecting consumers assisting problems businesses provide channels appeal support organizations attempt solve problems media programs action lines hotlines help consumers channels appeal discussed section selecting channel appeal select approach person call phone write letter effective approach write letter complaint
early consumer protection laws concerned buying selling food ancient greece medieval europe merchants punished mixing water wine grinding tree bark pepper selling undersized pound loaves bread groups honest merchants hired special inspectors seek unscrupulous business practices america consumer laws standards weights measures developed thomas jefferson today local consumer protection offices grew established government weights measures offices industrial revolution nineteenth century radically changed consumer problems change consumers lived rural communities small towns dealt merchants knew simple goods food lumber cloth american population moved cities consumers buy merchants processed food clothing appeared scene consumers found harder judge quality purchased urban consumers faced problems city sanitation crowded living conditions corrupt city politics unhealthy dangerous foods important consumer issue turn century called muckraking journalists investigated filthy conditions food canning meat packing factories dr harvey wiley nation pioneer consumer advocate chief chemist department agriculture found food companies number dangerous chemicals processing food dr wiley called passage federal pure food drug law joined effort american medical association national consumer league groups
liquidity savings account influence account earns liquidity means ease speed savings converted cash longer savers willing tie money higher interest rate regular savings accounts flexible liquid deposits withdrawals regular savings accounts allow deposit small amounts money withdraw savings want law bank require customer days notice withdrawal seldom enforced open regular account fill signature card deposit account receive savings account passbook passbook shows deposits withdrawals interest earned balance account special savings accounts called deposits fixed amount money deposited period saver promises withdraw money account savings special accounts recorded forms called certificates deposit recorded passbooks similar provided regular accounts passbook accounts known names bonus savings accounts golden passbooks bank financial institution pays higher interest rate money left deposit period period varies months penalty reduction interest earned withdrawing money savings stated differences savings accounts checking accounts blurred accounts combine checking saving functions
money market mutual funds pay variable rates interest provide liquidity offer safety principal savers money market mutual funds invest short term securities corporate notes treasury notes certificates deposit money market mutual funds require minimum initial deposit additional deposits money market mutual funds allow checks written account money market mutual funds similar money market deposit accounts banks money market mutual funds insured considered safe small investor learn investing begin making regular investments join investment club number investment clubs varies recent number reached estimated clubs club members members socially belong firm organization month club meets decisions buying selling stocks members expected stock investigations members pick stocks pool money share expenses losses gains proportion amount member invested club according national association investment clubs average club earned percent annually companies offer attractive stock purchase plans employees plans provide save invest regularly payroll deductions companies match part employee contributions put contributions fund professional management funds purchase company stock
installment credit debt repaid series payments primarily larger expensive purchases payment sign separate contract purchase monthly payments fixed small installments period ranging months finance charges percent added cash price buyers cars finance part purchase price installment contract installment contract shown figure consumer credit protection act commonly known truth lending act requires creditors tell consumers exactly cost buying credit purpose law assure full disclosure credit costs terms consumers compare costs set interest rates credit charges disclosure costs writing credit extended finance charge total dollar amount costs credit finance charges include interest cost money costs cost interest credit investigation fee borrow dollar amount finance charge annual percentage rate percentage cost credit yearly basis borrower compute key comparing credit costs assume wish borrow dollar finance charge represents percent
called mortgage insurance decreasing term policy constant premium benefits decrease term policy decreasing term cover unpaid debt home debt decreases amount insurance coverage decreases premium remains insured dies mortgage paid family mortgage free home major type insurance called cash insurance cash insurance offers protection savings pay premiums policy builds cash savings account advantage cash insurance insurance industry calls living benefits cash accumulates savings cash surrender amount policyholder collect cash policy discontinued paid age cash insurance called permanent insurance premiums coverage stay fixed insurance obtained death policyholder surrender policy reason insurance agents recommend cash policies purchased young age fix premium rate insured young premium higher warranted mortality rate insured older premium stays spite higher death risk traditional types protection savings policies ordinary called straight widely sold cash policy pays beneficiaries face policy premiums paid typical contracts provide coverage entire insured
insurance firms operate profit sell kinds insurance property liability insurance health insurance nonprofit firms notably blue cross blue shield run medical organizations cover hospital medical expenses blue cross hospitalization coverage blue shield covers medical surgical expenses blue cross blue shield pays physicians hospitals service basis plan pays doctor hospital directly service provided plans operate indemnity basis insurance company pays consumer turn pays physician hospital nonprofit firms blue cross blue shield return percent premiums collect form benefits contrast individual plans written profit companies pay half premiums blue cross blue shield bases premiums benefits local experience live low cost area pay premiums living area doctors hospitals charge services health maintenance organizations hmos alternative traditional fee service health insurance coverage hmos discussed detail chapter organization doctors specialists hospitals offers members full range health care services hmos emphasize preventive health care wellness offering full range medical care prepaid fee insurance compensates employees survivors loss income resulting illness accident death workers discussed
american eating habits changing eating home demanding services food stores seeking convenience foods purchased preparation home reasons incomes risen educational level population increased half households persons proportion females force increased significantly eat subject conversation food experts believe american diet today united states eliminated diseases scurvy rickets result poor nutrition living longer quality food improved hand experts dim view eat past nutrition science concerned topic nutrition deficiency malnutrition today major problem facing nutritionists american food consumers according senate committee report simple fact diets changed radically harmful effects health fat sugar salt linked directly heart disease cancer obesity stroke killer diseases ten leading death linked diet americans considering health push carts aisles supermarkets mid department agriculture found households changed eating habits previous health reasons
decision making process buying services buying products services necessity consumer choice matter education required age states illustration cases provider service tells consumer service needed doctor diagnoses treats illness lawyer advises seek legal help takes case court public services alternatives governmental agency regulated business monopoly service case welfare public health agencies educational institutions public utilities consumers products type warranty guarantee consumers products repair replacement problem problem complaint service consumers actively seek redress reform redress procedures involve professional review boards regulation redress remedies difficult pursue resolving complaint problem require taking matter licensing board commission professional service patient problem doctor medical society professional standards review committee client complaint lawyer professional review committee bar association legal system instances matters pursuing medical malpractice claims applying pressure reform public services
family practitioner medical specialist medical care members family regardless age sex nature illness family practice unique concerned family unit interactions family members interactions affect health family practitioners generally trained internal medicine pediatrics orthopedics obstetrics minor surgery psychiatry sexual family counseling choose candidate list recommended doctors recommendation family members friends local medical society calling nearest accredited hospital teaching hospital list recommended doctors check qualifications check doctors credentials credentials important degree license practice medicine hospital appointments board certification degree license minimum requirements practice medicine hospital appointments specialty training hospital appointments doctor staff hospital admit patients hospital try choose doctor holds appointment medical school affiliated hospital hospitals training programs medical students resident doctors medical personnel nurses technicians help assure latest medical practices observed today doctors specialize field medicine according american medical association percent total number doctors certified medical specialty boards boards responsible establishing training requirements administering specialty certification examinations specialist doctor board certified board eligible
numerous ways names recommended lawyers ask connected case problem financial problem ask banker accountant handles business affairs place employment domestic problem divorce adoption guardianship consult psychologist member clergy social worker names lawyers friend similar legal problem recommendations generally problem resolved satisfactorily lawyers longer prohibited advertising names fee information advertisements addition city country bar associations lawyer referral service referral service list attorneys service give names willing handle case services refer callers lawyers order list attention individual problems step selecting attorney call list explain seeking lawyer handle routine legal matters ask attorney agree free initial consultation ask specific legal advice call merely obtain information office hours billing practices fees case lawyers able quote specific sum give estimate understand attorneys ways billing services flat rate simple matters divorce purchase sale property
ways produce goods services instance highway built large bulldozers earth movers highway equal quality built thousands individual workers wheelbarrows picks shovels america accustomed heavy machinery mean laborers smaller tools effective decisions produce account resources country large population machines decide road building method labor intensive laborers fewer machines cost opportunity cost machines higher opportunity cost labor historical concept coal industry decades ago coal mining united states low paying profession dangers million miners worked picks shovels drills remove coal ground coal miners eventually organized demanded higher higher wages cheaper cases coal companies develop huge machines laborers aid mining coal today coal output united states greater half million workers employed mining coal produced capital intensive machines process process labor intensive opportunity cost labor workers relative capital machines goods services produced economies decide citizen quality amount goods services differences
question goods distributed social economy primarily effort provide equity equity means equity opportunity fruits entire economy labor intended give members society fair share equity difficult objective think fair equitable neighbor thinks equitable opinions equitable society citizens social economies try provide equitable goods services means individuals choose significantly goods services equitable house instance certainly significant differences houses choose house want alike united states economic decisions marketplace individual choice important note number important choices society social choice society choose provide public goods public goods goods services society roads schools national defense police fire protection examples public goods important reasons social choice provide public goods reason clearly valid rest provide public goods social choice simply cheaper illustrates concept economies scale economies scale concept economic activities efficient large scale enjoy large public park lower cost person individuals tried provide parks
efficiency private sector brought competition buyers sellers competition strong factors private sector help function roads public goods increase efficiency shipping goods markets schools train individuals skills someday efficient participants market system public goods help private sector efficient problem extent public sector supporting efficiency private sector private sector passes production costs citizens prices goods produced competition makes private sector markets efficient competition reduced producers consumers making markets efficient competition makes producers try produce goods consumers want lowest cost competition buyers producers able offer goods buyers sell highest consumers producers alternative choices fair deal market producers try swing forces market favor producers milk agree set uniform price higher existing market price producer sell agreed price consumers pay higher price choices consumers reduced want milk pay price producers gain cost consumer producers extra profits build larger efficient plants reduce costs able produce milk lower costs large plants
costs easy firm account overlooked suppose mrs working past recently word processing specialist large firm mrs computer programmer bank wanted business decided open business selling small computers home looking type business believe started savings accounts stock borrow money based house bank house basis bank loan start business rent store space shopping center month spend space designed buy worth computer equipment stock store begin business hire employees pay telephone electricity advertising drawn estimate table typical month costs business assumed borrow bank percent interest monthly payment loan costs table clear easily recognizable represent explicit payments reason called explicit costs explicit costs payments cost running business
market system acting interests decisions guide economy purchase guide direction economy buy wool sweater signal producers want wool sweaters course signal won mean deal thousands buyers send signal message clear buy wool sweater idea increasing employment woolen mills adding profits mill owners buy wool sweater owning wearing decision buy sweater based interest makes buy producers wool sweaters respond consumers signals employing factors production sweaters producers don sweaters government agency tells expect money producers sweaters interest system markets market wool sweaters heart economic system depend free markets communicate information consumers producers government regulation influence economy government involvement economies lean command type economic systems markets provide mechanism exchange consumers exchange money goods services producers producers exchange money factors production making products owners factors money roles consumers exchange process starts stage exchange efficient existence market system
left unbalanced market situation supply greater demand government set price producers produce consumers buy happens extra production government buy surplus producers producing cut production firms producing government wants type penalty government buys surplus buy tax dollars purchase taxpayers pay store surplus cases look result price floor consumers free market equilibrium price consumers purchase units price floor consumers purchase units pay higher price price ceiling maximum price set government market equilibrium price price ceiling opposite price floor keeps price going upper limit threw pencil air hard hit ceiling pencil higher ceiling limit high price ceiling keeps price level government thinks effective price ceiling equilibrium price equilibrium price natural market price ceiling suppose government thought wheat producers making money expense consumers government set ceiling price bushel shown horizontal line figures
hard believe unfortunately fewer cases positive externalities negative let look examples positive live big cities mass transportation systems positive mass transit system driving private cars air pollution city benefit cleaner air mass transportation system benefits system greater benefit direct users social benefits greater private benefits consider family door suppose decide spend money fixing house yard build garage big trailer son bicycle toys paint house improve yard benefits things property enjoyable personal property goes benefits family neighbors benefits enjoy yard pleasant view door door improve house property neighborhood improved house valuable social benefits improvements household greater private benefits education external benefits private benefits education likely enjoy wider variety activities education
labor movement workers wanted control working conditions job related matters workers felt market system gave power management labor employees labor bargain laborers worked management pay laborers quit employee acting bargaining power management decided fewer workers needed fired workers choice accepting working conditions hours set management working choices workers support families forced despite conditions wages workers try solve problem started band groups called labor unions labor union organization workers formed give workers greater bargaining power dealings management labor union group tailors philadelphia called noble holy order knights labor union founded secret union gradually open nearly million members samuel gompers founded american federation labor afl afl formed voluntary association craft unions carpenters bricklayers unions knights labor died afl survived afl merged congress industrial organizations cio cio formed earlier depression leadership john lewis cio industrial unions steelworkers rubber workers unions
price support program government program designed prices falling level government decides fair price support programs based parity prices parity price price prices goods change income producers purchase amount goods base agriculture period base figuring parity prices period considered farmers incomes comparison rest society price support programs began agricultural marketing act act helped farmers set farmers cooperatives cooperative business owned run group common interest cooperatives called ops act gave ops million buying surplus grain helped prices higher added demand grain ops ops set price felt fair price market price based supply demand higher price buyers supply ops bought extra output early federal farm board took price support program farm board spent million farm prices fell agricultural adjustment act established commodity credit corporation commodity credit corporation part department agriculture makes loans farmers crops security meant farmers repay loans money crops payment effect setting lower limit farm prices
kind structural unemployment occurs jobs part country skills jobs live general move costs moving fear unknown family ties moving difficult labor moved easily place place unemployment rate united states map figure shows rate unemployment differs greater differences cities skill location problems generally term structural unemployment form unemployment cyclical unemployment unemployment resulting low level aggregate demand cyclical unemployment demand deficiency unemployment unemployment recession early arose partly demand deficiency unemployment demand deficiency unemployment results demand goods services economy demand goods services means low demand labor remember demand labor derived demand derived demand goods services economists believed eliminate kind unemployment recently idea accepted unemployed present find matches qualifications think class vocational technical students finish school look jobs skills finding jobs skills students likely find jobs fairly soon unemployment temporary economists refer kind unemployment frictional unemployment
study economics discovered things measured money money measure price size business total output economy income discussed money money question ridiculous money united states official definitions money supply coins paper money dimes quarters dollar bills bills coins paper called currency currency makes percent money actually united states currency daily movie buy ticket kind money buy snacks soft drinks machines coins borrow money friend likely kind currency currency referred cash coins paper currency small purchases payment directly person large purchases payment travels mail coins paper currency practical car dealer hundred bills pay car pay rent house payment coins paper currency want buy pocket calculator mail order store atlanta send bill order order lost mail money clerk opens envelope atlanta report order
important money economy surprisingly debate question doubt amount money affects economy important ways remember employment act gave goals national economy full employment price stability economic growth affected amount money economy chapter learn money affects economic goals fed federal reserve amount money economy follow national news seen heard stories cover topics study chapter fed inject reserves money banking system find actions affect employment inflation economic growth discussing monetary policy terms loose monetary policy tight monetary policy terms mean loose monetary policy policy fed money supply rise policy tends favor economic growth employment inflation tight monetary policy opposite tight monetary policy policy fed money supply decrease help lower inflation higher unemployment tight monetary policy lower rate economic growth amount money economy money supply important effects functioning economy highly respected economists anna schwartz nobel prize winner milton friedman spent studying money affects economy
living united states richest family wealthy united states standards comparison entire population rich surely wear shoes school full meal likely family car home television radios united states luxuries granted population adequate food clothing readily cars televisions radios unknown heard experienced poorest countries asia africa latin america countries referred developed countries ldcs yellow areas figure chapter learn ldcs economic problems prospects improvement developed country generally defined poor country low level education largely rural population developed countries referred countries economists define country developed annual income level person averages help let compare income person united states real gross national product gnp person measure income recent comparable data real gnp person united states
unfavorable political environment developed countries barrier economic development political leaders corrupt incompetent tend follow policies favor small elite ruling class policies promote economic advancement masses hope economic development rest proper governmental action provision education accomplished government government act strong guiding force providing investment capital governments developed countries turn advanced countries aid foreign aid money advanced countries provide help ldcs economic development reason countries united states provide foreign aid ldcs believe morality sharing part wealth reason actually based economic interest aid help developed countries prosperous reap term benefits development open markets goods produce increase prosperity table shows amount money flows thirteen developed countries ldcs united states major source aid countries japan france provide large amounts money bank source aid developed countries bank established help finance reconstruction war ii main function bank provide aid ldcs bank borrows money richer nations turn lent developed countries future bright developed countries
attempts control rising health care prices fail due price elasticity demand effect party payments illustrate price elasticity demand suppose ruptured appendix need fairly simple operation feet days operation likely die price important pay needed find money behave situation society demand operation fall twist ankle think badly hurt sure costs doctor check doctor price checked price pay depend partly pain demand demand appendix operation kinds health care put causing death demand health services tends elastic minor health problems health problems amount health care services demand likely change price goes comes pay doctor hospital patients rarely pay full bill directly cost health care paid parties health care services party private insurance company public agency medicare medicaid
reasons conflicts arise individuals individual society subject psychological mental processes difficult fair selective perception processes hear thing existing attitudes interest hear problem period selective perception believe true boundary beneath fence similar psychological process rationalization try justify action belief inventing reasons reasonable rationalize conduct saying foot land alden unreasonable overly sensitive small strip land notice care fence place interest conflicts laws law seeks reconcile individual interest society need conduct respects interests laws acted interest unfairly injured legal system basic concepts balance interest interests concepts rights duties legal rights things person entitled law high school aged persons legal public school education paid government financed taxation side coin legal duty legal duty obligation enforced law parties
court tribunal established administer justice law decide civil disputes criminal cases brought properly court award damages impose punishment crimes grant relief problem court decide doyle excuse seeing sign courts impartial procedures decisions witnesses compelled give testimony accused party allowed equal opportunity argue side case levels courts trial courts appellate courts trial court court hear dispute witnesses testify information presented prove alleged facts appellate court reviews decisions trial court party claims error law trial level action filed tried trial court cases decision appealed higher court including supreme court decision supreme court final cases involve federal constitution federal law treaties cases decided supreme courts reviewed supreme court united states federal constitution question involved comparatively cases appealed parties court fair trial accept judgment significant errors law appellate court concerned questions fact trial court consists judge lawyers officers court court operation
criminal action lawsuit brought known person accused crime found innocent person released found guilty sentenced judge system law person presumed innocent guilt admitted guilt proven reasonable doubt competent court problem walden admit deliberately failed file pay income tax government prove facts government evidence submitted trial open court judge jury prosecuter walden asks walden entitled rights accused person guaranteed constitution represented lawyer presumed innocent need testify say won defense incriminate involved crime codes procedure detail conduct trial assure due process fairness protection rights accused person system procedures vary details figure page show usual steps involved step investigation proper authorities determine committed reported crime investigators seek evidence present court arrest warrant written court order issued court suspect arrested request suspect advised constitutional rights booked photographed
order restore confidence stability economy ensure quicker informed response problems government turned administrative agencies regulate business activity administrative agencies exist local level traditionally separated functions legislative executive judicial branches administrative agencies exist local level city planning zoning commissions transit authorities school boards found level professional licensing boards public utility commissions prominent powerful federal level agencies independent federal trade commission ftc exist executive department food drug administration fda internal revenue service irs case chief executive officer president governor appoints members chief executive officer names chairperson board commission subject confirmation legislative body county city levels legislative body supervisors council frequently makes appointments instances members elected case school boards figures list major administrative agencies federal local levels important federal agencies dealing consumer protection discussed chapter agencies supplement regular government executive departments relieve courts legislative bodies detailed duties powers vary widely figures suggest scope note agency functions similar states names agencies differ problems arise federal agencies concerned action area
pursue variety careers field law generally divided careers involving direct practice law careers involving support practice opportunties direct practice law include independent general practice practice legal counsel corporation practice government public sector persons mental image attorney court scene dramatic criminal trial fact lawyers seldom court general practitioner works clients courtroom providing accurate timely advice general practitioner counsels clients prepares legal documents research appears court administrative agencies required complexity law requires lawyers concentrate specific area law specialists exclusively area patent law antitrust law copyright law tax law labor law criminal law domestic relations family law large corporations organizations typically house attorneys salaried employees counsel handle legal problems corporation labor union university organization provide legal advice executives career corporate counsel stable general practitioner income limited legislative executive levels government administrative agencies employ full services legal aid attorneys judges public defenders public sector attorneys represent special interest groups areas business environment civil rights consumer rights careers involve support practice law persons need trained attorneys
wondered eat variety foods produced part tv complex machine brings news entertainment flick finger streets paved crowded vehicles comfortably dressed fresh running water kitchen tap list marvels modern civilization output million persons produced exchanged goods services intricate cooperative effort key link produce consume goods services contract contract agreement enforced law agreement results exchange promises husband wife want house painted painter examines building offers promises job month owners accept offer promising pay price contract arise painter offeror makes offer definite offer generally offeree offer accept offer exactly presented course parties negotiate additional details homeowners reject offer demanding lower price earlier completion painter turn accept reject offer acceptance agreement language need intent parties important thing problem contract payment delivery later
pawn pledge tangible personal property small size high type pledge includes items jewelry cameras musical instruments excludes items stocks bonds documents pawnbroker person business lending money interest requires tangible personal property security nature pawn business makes easy thieves dispose stolen property business regulated special statutes laws provide pawnbroker obtain license post bond accurate records open police inspection stolen goods found pawnshop seized compensation pawnbroker maximum limits imposed rate interest charged borrower pawns goods receipt pawn ticket pawnbroker required goods debt paid interest due pawn ticket surrendered goods pawned held length loan due sold states length states rights parties proceeds sale ordinary pledges states ownership passes pawnbroker end liens created consent debtor owner statutes states create liens favor creditor consent involuntary liens include mechanic lien artisan lien mechanic lien person paid labor materials furnished build home building real property improvement file lien realty
laws set maximum interest rates called usury laws discussed chapter laws apply transactions involving lending money buying goods credit higher limits finance charges apply exist usury laws protect corporations considered adequately protected ability professional managers consumer loan arises person borrows money primarily personal family household agricultural purposes called personal loan distinguish business commercial loan requiring complete clear disclosure loan terms federal truth lending act primary law protects consumer debtors truth lending act part consumer credit protection act requires creditor furnish debtor information creditor full disclosure interest finance charges consumer loan repayable installments goods services creditor declare true equivalent annual interest rate percent month stated percent law credit sales contract details cash paid price item payment trade allowance itemized list finance charges total amount financed problem reliable finance obligated tell total cost loan expressed dollars cents show actual annual percentage rate truth lending act apply mortgage loans homes limit interest finance charges loans
states pass legislation federal exemptions states exemptions carrying large sums cash checks honored retailer today consumers buy goods services credit cards credit card holder entitled obtain goods services credit credit card plastic embossed holder identification number place holder signature figure credit cards billions dollars credit purchased annually credit cards types expenses american express blanche diners club international cards commonly travel entertainment cards limited retail store chain cards local department store national oil company purpose cards cover type purchase cooperating seller authorized honor banks generally issuers type includes cards mastercard visa credit card issued response consumer written application consumer signs card bound contractual relation issuer generally liable purchases card holder holder permission federal law liable unauthorized credit card person thief dishonest finder
problem accident reel fault full damages holmes truck covered reel insurance automobile liability property damage insurance damages reel car paid reel insurer collision coverage reel deductible collision insurance insureds receive amount deductible deductible receive pay remaining portion loss party determined fault look collision coverage policies indemnification utilized lower premiums insureds pay coverage especially effective bringing lower premiums collision insurance fender bender collision claims small compared high cost investigating inspecting settling claims event loss collision upset insured give notice insurer soon practicable failure releases insurer obligation insured obligation protect automobile loss proper notice loss proof loss received insurance company option paying loss repairing replacing lost damaged property collision insurance comprehensive insurance pay actual cash loss deductible written policy insured lower premiums comprehensive insurance basically risk coverage excluding collision upset definitions perils covered comprehensive insurance property insurance
car owners find difficult obtain liability insurance satisfy requirements financial responsibility law difficulty due person age driving record traffic violations reasons enable persons comply law assigned risk plan devised known automobile insurance plan plan person refused insurance apply assigned insurance company issue person minimum liability insurance required premium higher charged drivers similar coverage type insurer voluntarily insure person regular rates clear record fault insurance insurance requires parties automobile accident insurance company regardless fault injured person court prove party caused accident respect fault insurance similar worker compensation chapter medical coverage insurance fault insurance takes place damages awarded court action fault statutes provide injured person medical claims larger designated amount permanent injuries sue damages caused party fault including claims pain suffering states provide fault insurance insurance mandatory applies bodily injury death property damage statutes states provide claims cover medical costs including hospitalization amount ooo
term insurance sold individual basis policies high face values young parents need maximum protection lowest price sold cover large number similarly situated moderate face employer want provide pure insurance employees minimum cost person insurance sold cover similarly situated called group insurance typically term insurance frequently utilized employers cover workers typical coverage ranges ooo worker specific amount depending worker salary classification employer generally considered agent employee making payments employer fails pay group premiums insurance lapse insurer liable employee beneficiary employment firm requirement participation working groups healthy active medical examination required death claims low employee leaves group interest group policy commonly permitted convert ordinary policy days taking medical examination specialized forms insurance credit travel industrial actually term policies credit insurance pays lender amount outstanding debt death debtor lending institution individual debtors lender credit insurance cover purchases cars large consumer items installment plans
individuals limited amount property bother anticipate legal fee making large contrary property owners benefit significantly making addition legal fee charged attorney making small proper testatrix testator steps distribution property expensive distribution governed statutes testator waive bond required law personal representative figure waiver addition clear statement property distribution maker greatly decrease possibility costly litigation finally drafted reduce estate inheritance taxes proper simplify administration gifts person spouse minor children dies leaving typical statute estate surviving spouse children court appoint surviving spouse guardian estates children surviving spouse responsible taking care managing estates spending money reasonably surviving spouse provide bond ensuring faithful performance duties required periodic reports court management estate children reach adulthood point children control shares estate regardless able handle prudently
makes includes clause prior wills express language revoke prior wills subsequent provisions conflict prior impliedly superseded provisions earlier important date testator wants modify substitution terms change addition terms addition words holographic addition words ordinary formal states require witnesses signed dated testator states require witnesses problem deletions additions effective formality required original maria addition effect provisions remain force states require witnesses proper change formal preparing codicil amendment adds removes alters provisions codicil executed formality partial total revocation place solely action law instance statutes states provide marriage automatically revoked marriage statute provide birth adoption child making states divorce testator automatically revoke testator
according uniform partnership act force states georgia louisiana partnership association persons carry workers business profit partnership based voluntary agreement persons called general partners liable debts firm problem ward chang partners allen owned part business sharing gross revenue net profits merely method paying rent salary agreement partners need writing required statute frauds statute frauds requires writing contract performed partners agree form partnership firm longer partnership agreement writing enforceable partners agree specific length partnership continue firm continue based verbal agreement desirable put partnership agreement writing encourages thoughtful review problems business helps avoid future controversies rights duties document terms agreement called partnership agreement articles partnership qualified lawyer draft document partnerships combine control capital labor skill knowledge persons resources partnership sole proprietorship unique abilities harnessed utilized specialization
reasons conflicts arise individuals individual society subject psychological mental processes difficult fair selective perception processes hear thing existing attitudes interest hear problem period selective perception believe true boundary beneath fence similar psychological process rationalization try justify action belief inventing reasons reasonable rationalize conduct saying foot land alden unreasonable overly sensitive small strip land notice care fence place interest conflicts laws law seeks reconcile individual interest society need conduct respects interests laws acted interest unfairly injured legal system basic concepts balance interest interests concepts rights duties legal rights things person entitled law high school aged persons legal public school education paid government financed taxation side coin legal duty legal duty obligation enforced law parties
court tribunal established administer justice law decide civil disputes criminal cases brought properly court award damages impose punishment crimes grant relief problem court decide doyle excuse seeing sign courts impartial procedures decisions witnesses compelled give testimony accused party allowed equal opportunity argue side case levels courts trial courts appellate courts trial court court hear dispute witnesses testify information presented prove alleged facts appellate court reviews decisions trial court party claims error law trial level action filed tried trial court cases decision appealed higher court including supreme court decision supreme court final cases involve federal constitution federal law treaties cases decided supreme courts reviewed supreme court united states federal constitutional question involved comparatively cases appealed parties court fair trial accept judgment significant errors law appellate court concerned questions fact trial court consists judge lawyers officers court court operation
criminal action lawsuit brought known person accused crime found innocent person released found guilty sentenced judge system law person presumed innocent guilt admitted guilt proven reasonable doubt competent court problem walden admit deliberately failed file pay income tax government prove facts government evidence submitted trial open court judge jury prosecuter walden asks walden entitled rights accused person guaranteed constitution represented lawyer presumed innocent need testify say won defense incriminate involved crime codes procedure detail conduct trial assure due process fairness protection rights accused person system procedures vary details figure page show usual steps involved step investigation proper authorities determine committed reported crime investigators seek evidence present court arrest warrant written court order issued court suspect arrested request suspect advised constitutional rights booked photographed
order restore confidence stability economy ensure quicker informed response problems government turned administrative agencies regulate business activity administrative agencies exist local level traditionally separated functions legislative executive judicial branches administrative agencies exist local level city planning zoning commissions transit authorities school boards found level professional licensing boards public utility commissions prominent powerful federal level agencies independent federal trade commission ftc exist executive department food drug administration fda internal revenue service irs case chief executive officer president governor appoints members chief executive officer names chairperson board commission subject confirmation legislative body county city levels legislative body supervisors council frequently makes appointments instances members elected case school boards figures list major administrative agencies federal local levels important federal agencies dealing consumer protection discussed chapter agencies supplement regular government executive departments relieve courts legislative bodies detailed duties powers vary widely figures suggest scope note agency functions similar states names agencies differ problems arise federal agencies concerned action area
pursue variety careers field law generally divided careers involving direct practice law careers involving support practice opportunties direct practice law include independent general practice practice legal counsel corporation practice government public sector persons mental image attorney court scene dramatic criminal trial fact lawyers seldom court general practitioner works clients courtroom providing accurate timely advice general practitioner counsels clients prepares legal documents research appears court administrative agencies required complexity law requires lawyers concentrate specific area law specialists exclusively area patent law antitrust law copyright law tax law labor law criminal law domestic relations family law large corporations organizations typically house attorneys salaried employees counsel handle legal problems corporation labor union university organization provide legal advice executives career corporate counsel stable general practitioner income limited legislative executive levels government administrative agencies employ full services legal aid attorneys judges public defenders public sector attorneys represent special interest groups areas business environment civil rights consumer rights careers involve support practice law persons need trained attorneys
wondered eat variety foods produced parts tv complex machine brings news entertainment flick finger streets paved crowded vehicles comfortably dressed fresh running water kitchen tap list marvels modern civilization output millions persons produced exchanged goods services intricate cooperative effort key link produce consume goods services contract contract agreement enforced law agreement results exchange promises husband wife want house painted painter examines building offers promises job month owners accept offer promising pay price contract arise painter offeror makes offer definite offer generally offeree offer accept offer exactly presented course parties negotiate additional details homeowners reject offer demanding lower price earlier completion painter turn accept reject offer acceptance agreement language need intent parties important thing problem contract payment delivery later
basis fraud false representation concealment material fact misrepresentation concealment amounts fraud elements present fraud exist fraud results deliberate lies results deliberate concealment unfavorable facts noticed reasonable person generally seller buyer obliged reveal bad facts subject matter contract courts trouble trying define known disclosed case buyers free ask questions investigate invest seller responds answer questions honestly seller refuses answer question buyer alerted problem need enter contract addition seller volunteer false information act prevent party learning important facts problem criminal acted lied car actively concealed damaged rear fender find avoid contract sue damages tort fraud prosecuted criminal car returned true owner mind constitute fraud misrepresentation concealment deliberate silence fraud arises party duty speak basic honesty requires seller tell concealed defect readily discoverable reasonably alert buyer seller innocently material fact buyer avoid contract collect compensatory damages injury suffered tort committed buyer entitled punitive damages
form required statute contracts oral written implied conduct contracts oral telephone carried single face face conversation sale goods payment buyer delivery seller occur agreement person job rent apartment enter business agreements formality written contract conduct sufficient person hail bus board deposit proper coins later words spoken written passenger driver valid contract kinds contracts enforced court properly signed writing proves existence contracts transfer interest real property land objects permanently attached land writing written agreement stein de frank enforceable oral agreement stein de frank enforceable oral agreement keith de frank enforceable oral agreements pertained interest real property agreement buy building agreement giving mortgage building insufficient writing properly signed written contract required law wise put agreement writing signed copy party true agreement complex details lead later misunderstandings
general rule contract discharged unforeseen event makes performance costly difficult parties increased prices needed supplies strike needed workers difficulty obtaining materials equipment natural disaster flood earthquake delay performance generally events discharge contractual obligations anticipated possibilities contract party fails perform events held liable breach contract parties commonly include escape hatch language contract language permits modification termination performance liability damages event inability perform schedule conditions foul weather labor strikes note unusual circumstances recognized ucc contract goods discharged conditions performance impracticable increased cost possibility thought parties surprise war unexpected embargo legal stoppage commerce suffice shutdown major supply sources discharge contract prevented seller getting supplies extreme increase cost reasonably anticipated situations contract discharged impossibility include destruction subject matter performance depends continued existence specific thing destruction thing terminates contract destruction fault party sued nonperformance
pawn pledge tangible personal property small size high type pledge includes items jewelry cameras musical instruments excludes items stocks bonds documents pawnbroker person business lending money interest requires tangible personal property security nature pawn business makes easy thieves dispose stolen property business regulated special statutes laws provide pawnbroker obtain license post bond accurate records open police inspection stolen goods found pawnshop seized compensation pawnbroker maximum limits imposed rate interest charged borrower pawns goods receipt pawn ticket pawnbroker required goods debt paid interest due pawn ticket surrendered goods pawned held length loan due sold states length states rights parties proceeds sale ordinary pledges states ownership passes pawnbroker end liens created consent debtor owner statutes states create liens favor creditor consent involuntary liens include mechanic lien artisan lien mechanic lien person paid labor materials furnished build home building real property improvement file lien realty
laws set maximum interest rates called usury laws discussed chapter laws apply transactions involving lending money buying goods credit higher limits finance charges apply exist usury laws protect corporations considered adequately protected ability professional managers consumer loan arises person borrows money primarily personal family household agricultural purposes called personal loan distinguish business commercial loan requiring complete clear disclosure loan terms federal truth lending act primary law protects consumer debtors truth lending act part consumer credit protection act requires creditor furnish debtor information creditor full disclosure interest finance charges consumer loan repayable installments goods services creditor declare true equivalent annual interest rate percent month stated percent law credit sales contract details cash paid price item payment trade allowance itemized list finance charges total amount financed problem reliable finance obligated tell total cost loan expressed dollars cents show actual annual percentage rate truth lending act apply mortgage loans homes limit interest finance charges loans
states pass legislation federal exemptions states exemptions carrying large sums cash checks honored retailer today consumers buy goods services credit cards credit card holder entitled obtain goods services credit credit card plastic embossed holder identification number place holder signature figure credit cards billions dollars credit purchases annually credit cards types expenses american express blanche diners club international cards commonly travel entertainment cards limited retail store chain cards local department store national oil company purpose cards cover type purchase cooperating seller authorized honor banks generally issuers type includes cards mastercard visa credit card issued response consumer written application consumer signs card bound contractual relation issuer generally liable purchases card holder holder permission federal law liable unauthorized credit card person thief dishonest finder
problem accident reel fault full damages holmes truck covered reel automobile liability property damage insurance damages reel car paid reel insurer collision coverage reel deductible collision insurance insureds receive amount deductible deductible receive pay remaining portion loss party determined fault look collision coverage policies indemnification utilized lower premiums insureds pay coverage especially effective bringing lower premiums collision insurance fender bender collision claims small compared high cost investigating inspecting settling claims event loss collision upset insured give notice insurer soon practicable failure releases insurer obligation insured obligation protect automobile loss proper notice loss proof loss received insurance company option paying loss repairing replacing lost damaged property collision insurance comprehensive insurance pay actual cash loss deductible written policy insured lower premiums comprehensive insurance basically risk coverage excluding collision upset definitions perils covered comprehensive insurance property insurance
car owners find difficult obtain liability insurance satisfy requirements financial responsibility law difficulty due person age driving record traffic violations reasons enable persons comply law assigned risk plan devised known automobile insurance plan plan person refused insurance apply assigned insurance company issue person minimum liability insurance required premium higher charged drivers similar coverage type insurer voluntarily insure person regular rates clear record fault insurance insurance requires parties automobile accident insurance company regardless fault injured person court prove party caused accident respect fault insurance similar worker compensation chapter medical coverage insurance fault insurance takes place damages awarded court action fault statutes provide injured person medical claims larger designated amount permanent injuries sue damages caused party fault including claims pain suffering states provide fault insurance insurance mandatory applies bodily injury death property damage statutes states provide claims cover medical costs including hospitalization amount ooo
term insurance sold individual basis policies high face values young parents need maximum protection lowest price sold cover large number similarly situated moderate face employer want provide pure insurance employees minimum cost person insurance sold cover similarly situated called group insurance typically term insurance frequently utilized employers cover workers typical coverage ranges ooo worker specific amount depending worker salary classification employer generally considered agent employee making payments employer fails pay group premiums insurance lapse insurer liable employee beneficiary employment firm requirement participation working groups healthy active medical examination required death claims low employee leaves group interest group policy commonly permitted convert ordinary policy days taking medical examination specialized forms insurance credit travel industrial actually term policies credit insurance pays lender amount outstanding debt death debtor lending institution individual debtors lender credit insurance cover purchases cars large consumer items installment plans
country today complete command system nations eastern europe close command economies east europe close examples citizens countries limited opportunities earning spending decisions free enterprise system economic political freedom problems system remember choices decisions individuals decisions free consider interests consider needs wants society company makes paper chemicals decide cheapest dispose wastes dump nearby river putting wastes river solution company society river polluted water unsafe fish river killed river longer swimming source drinking water entire cities ruined pure free enterprise system stop activity clearly controls individuals allowed actions exercise freedoms hurt laws passed control activities individuals firms harm laws prevent firms polluting lakes rivers laws prevent sale unsafe drugs foods courts police protect violence passing enforcing laws costs money unlikely voluntarily provide money government pay costs activities
small child toy store remember constant begging dolls trains puzzles games baseball mitts playthings child wanted toy store teenagers adults slightly small children older don stop wanting things change things want heard short rhyme difference boys size toys want car push floor car radio controlled reaching real thing making decisions distinguish needs wants needs things continue living wants desires live pleasant need warm place live cold winter need coat protection blizzard food provide energy body important need items fit category wants speaker stereo system fashionable pair jeans sail board examples difficult decide need want needs place live house sauna swimming pool basic needs living similarly eat lobster cheesecake absolutely health country united states able provide basic needs
materials air water earth included natural resources obvious examples fuels oil coal wood forests salt oceans oxygen air category land natural resource suppose developer wants build shopping mall conveniently located piece land important resources successful mall tools buildings machinery produce goods services known capital resources capital goods capital goods produced purchased businesses capital goods directly satisfy human needs wants assist producing goods services satisfy needs wants garden hoe simple capital buy hoes hoe satisfy human wants satisfy needs owner hoe rid garden weeds weeds garden grow carrots potatoes hoe valuable helps gardener satisfy need food capital goods important economic system electric razor barber provide haircut capital car driven salesperson microphone entertainer capital goods typewriter author writes economic system capital goods satisfy needs wants human natural resources imagine car cost machines
phone user actions affected knowing charge extra local calls decisions phone call decision call greater opportunity cost call call free opportunity cost effort required call opportunity cost low unimportant phone calls phone companies united states measured service basic monthly charge phone service lower flat rate phone users charged local call measured service opportunity cost local phone call greater flat rate pricing effort call factors addition price charged telephone company call part opportunity cost areas measured service fewer local phone calls individual calls free reason opportunity costs call cost money higher opportunity cost results fewer calls alternatives effort money valued highly calls actions flat rate versus measured service telephone pricing prices act signals economic system flat rate pricing phone users signaled local phone calls cheap free fact local phone calls hand measured service higher price signals greater opportunity cost consider costs decide limit telephones
points located graph supply curve drawn line connecting points moment compare information table figure graph effect picture presenting information numbers table graphs important tool economists present types economic information supply curve figure goes look left curve upward sloping mean supply curve upward sloping look points supply curve notice show producers provide gasoline higher prices price gallon results supply million gallons gas price million gallons produced supply curve figure illustrates important idea economics law supply law supply states businesses produce service higher prices lower prices find situation law supply true cases important discussion assume law supply true statement businesses produce service prices increase costs money company provide extra gallon gasoline consumers cost includes buying crude oil refining oil delivering finished product service stations cost unit referred marginal cost service big part understanding economics learning vocabulary
free enterprise system referred profit system accurately called profit loss system hundred thousand businesses started end failures unable earn profit businesses fail reasons cases reason consumers want goods services provided times product poor quality businesses provide high quality product demand fail costs high lose money reason failure lack business experience owners idea fail lack understanding economics accounting business owners devote attention creating service result neglect management business businesses fail hundreds success stories cases ideas small amounts money created millionaires played video game hundreds thousands games homes company earned millions dollars profits selling video games home computers started dollars idea young nolan interest computers knowledge electronics develop video games pizza parlors game rooms games instant success lined zap invading starships evil monsters realized market video games homes
demand curve labor downward sloping reason demand curve goods services produced workers downward sloping understand point consider business thinking hiring person employing extra worker allow company produce product law demand states additional product sales require lower price added product sells worker output business want hire extra workers pay lower wage downward sloping demand curves goods services downward sloping labor demand curves reason workers hired lower wage law diminishing returns diminishing means lowering decreasing businesses extra employees add output workers hired single miner produce tons coal adding miner increase output tons raise total extra output produced miner tons tons extra miner diminishing return owners business extra miners produce coal valuable company result owners mine want hire lower wage diminishing returns explanation downward sloping labor demand curves understanding economics put helping choose career
market wage determined supply demand curves cross wage market wage applicants jobs job mines money wage market wage excess demand miners miners meet needs mine owners pay higher wages market wage number willing miners equal demand miners suppose high school teachers country decided coal miners result wage miners figure shows supply curve labeled end note curve shows willing wage original supply curve willing miners wage hour curve shows willing miners hour want miners market wage drops note demand curve supply curve cross wage hour market wage jobs wanted offered accepting lower pay find job supply demand explain wages higher occupations want jobs field market wage drops hand businesses suddenly require type worker offer higher wages
individual unions greatly increased bargaining power members union leaders wanted single labor organization speak workers early attempt knights labor formed lawyers bankers gamblers liquor dealers detectives invited join knights labor grew members short organization quickly dwindled disappeared involved violent strikes killed american federation labor afl important labor organization organized samuel gompers afl important characteristics based principle federalism meant individual member unions continued rights part larger organization characteristic afl concentrated primarily improving economic conditions members contrast knights labor involved politics finally afl organization craft unions craft union involves workers skills craft union carpenters consist bricklayers afl leading labor organization united states depression afl leaders wanted broaden membership including industrial union members industrial union includes workers industry mine employees regardless jobs belong united mine workers bitter disagreement resulted national labor organization formed called congress industrial organizations cio afl cio existed rival labor organizations
automation refers replacement human labor machines modern economies process producing goods automated power saws replaced hand saws construction jobs bulldozers replaced workers shovels earth moving projects word processors replaced typewriters office recent automation trend robots replace workers assembly lines robots machines jobs previously human labor advantages tend faster fewer mistakes rarely complain assembly lines workers watch product need sure capital equipment running smoothly machines routine repetitive jobs workers switched interesting jobs cases robots forms automation resulted workers losing jobs poses problems workers economy benefits greater production workers lose jobs industry able switch jobs fields adjustment difficult result production system depends mass production specialization labor capital goods automation high degree interdependence interdependence means workers businesses dependent worker assembly line makes mistake entire line shut result workers stop error corrected business production process dependent businesses automobile manufacturer depends tire maker tires ready put cars
marketing activities important economic systems complex simple economic system marketing play large role think small village baker makes flour wheat purchased nearby farm orders pies cookies received village setting baker problem deciding bake customers find easy complain baked goods tasty simple economy link bakery customers close marketing activities needed producers consumers deal directly modern economic system producers consumers closely linked large bakeries buy supplies equipment businesses ship pies cookies baked goods stores cities owners large bakeries meet buy products situation form link consumers producers truckers move goods grocery stores advertising agency prepare ads carried local newspapers television radio employees grocery store display baked goods appealing shoppers marketing activities today workers united states involved form marketing fifty cents dollar spent consumers pays marketing costs dollars spent marketing price consumers pay choice convenience marketing activities provide consumers wide variety goods services individuals choose brands styles clothes stereos sporting goods merchandise
additional jobs result companies business employees hired materials services purchased create jobs post office need additional pick deliver mail company buy paper supplies local dealers stationery ordered local printer trucking companies expand handle shipments deliveries additional police fire fighters sanitation workers spend money community creating jobs business multiplied effect employment community individuals businesses pay taxes taxes paid local communities businesses located cities states require businesses pay property taxes property tax based property owned business includes buildings machinery land owned company property taxes paid business pay schools parks street repairs community services taxes paid large business total millions dollars businesses pay taxes tax burden individual citizens reduced additional information property taxes forms taxation presented chapter businesses require workers special training business provide training employees develop skills learned company area skills allow workers earn higher wages improve future job opportunities opening large business improve quality community ways business donate large amounts money parks recreational facilities town
government business needs money purchase goods services pay employees main purpose taxation provide government income needs function taxes pay tanks missiles soldiers provide money build roads dams bridges pay school teachers finance building construction buy fire engines tax money help poor countries explore space provide medical care taxes change consumer decisions government objective reduce consumption service faced congested roads need buy large quantities oil nations leaders european countries decided reduce gasoline consumption making law demand imposed high taxes gasoline expensive cut driving cigarettes alcohol examples goods heavily taxed taxes help finance activities government discourage products increasing prices united states rich poor imposing heavier taxes wealthy government taxes equalize distribution income tax money collected assist low income groups taxes tool managing economy changing amount taxes paid individuals businesses increase number jobs reduce inflation rate increase rate growth gnp money collected taxes discussed chapter types taxes elected government officials decide types amounts taxes paid individual business
actual amount taxes paid amounts calculated table reasons tax loopholes loopholes legal ways reducing amount income tax owed hundreds loopholes written tax laws method tax evasion tax evasion means cheating income tax payments common method listing income earned tax evasion important problem united states estimated government loses billion tax cheating tax forms filed april taxes paid federal government short money solution tax withholding withholding means employers automatically withhold part employees salaries money federal government employers tables provided government determine amount withhold amount withheld total taxes owed person money withheld taxpayer refund government withheld additional taxes paid congress passed federal insurance contribution act fica purpose provide income medical assistance elderly persons unable care needs system employed persons pay social security taxes working taxes collected employers deduct money employee paychecks employer matches amount paid employee
local governments spend half amount spent federal government table shows dollars spending pattern federal government local governments spend largest part money education highways public welfare money hospitals assistance poor taxes payments individuals businesses required government finance government activities redistribute income change consumer decisions manage economy ability pay principle taxation suggests high income groups taxed heavily low income benefits received principle implies receive benefits pay taxes marginal tax rate proportion extra dollars due tax base increases progressive taxes increasing marginal tax rates taxes decreasing marginal tax rates proportional tax income levels pay percent income taxes federal personal income tax progressive tax tax withholding provide government round flow revenue social security tax provide assistance difficulty caring needs sales excise taxes taxes purchase goods services property taxes paid buildings land items cars boats important source revenue federal government personal income tax sources support local levels include sales excise property taxes addition local governments receive money federal government half federal expenditures national defense social security payments
party success need serve refreshments need money purchase soft drinks chips snacks serve guests money financial capital land resources needed include property party held water air land resources obvious plastic cups forks spoons synthetic tablecloth products petroleum land resource labor resource amount needed prepare party area buy products serve friends party clean short labor resource party entrepreneurship include idea party earn money organizing resources manner money lost money risk willing implement idea easy understand resources needed produce goods services satisfy wants let examine limited nature resources oil planet collected oil end oil forever resources fixed supply replaced re resources replaced factories machinery built wear takes resources replace capital resources young workers trained need special type skill takes resources education
choices andrea decide choose combination falls production possibilities curve average game points hours clarinet practicing point possibility exists andrea ability advantage referred inefficient resources increase game point average clarinet practice simply leisure carefully increase andrea productivity andrea certainly prefer combination average game points hours clarinet practice point choice andrea limited resources permit point lies andrea production possibilities opportunity costs society individuals society experiences scarcity decide limited resources improving environment things sacrificed include cutting resources military providing medical care elderly producing automobiles anytime society chooses produce service goods services foregone resources limited choices society choices expressed production possibilities curve let assume country resources produce goods automobiles tanks production possibility combinations shown production possibilities curve figure case opportunity costs calculated produce additional tank reduction cars required resources needed produce cars tank
table evaluation alternative defined criteria numerical values alternative criteria based set personal values criteria alternatives ranked alternative ranked meets criteria ranked numerical process continued alternatives ranked process continues criteria numerical criteria values alternative summed alternative lowest total receives place ranking ranking alternative criteria based decision making matrix choice buying car family car choice actual evaluation alternative depends preferences person making decision family car receive higher ranking convenience ranking alternatives change alternative carry weight cost important convenience numerical assigned cost doubled tripled numerical assigned criteria remain table shows final ranking cost considered important carried weight choice public transportation notice tie choice final choice individuals completely depending weights assigned criteria
dollar oil prices housing starts trade deficit federal government owes trillion york wound surplus federal reserve lowered interest rates stock market broke high record mean confuse adults identify previous questions related discipline economics disciplines supposed bring order chaos organize facts provide laws principles theories explain meaning past present provide clues future finally discipline success able suggest solutions problems successful economics discipline facts economists deal organized body knowledge deal knowledge measurable easily compared comparisons shown tables graphs essay understanding measurements data collecting observations resulted economists discovering laws principles generalizations hard freeze florida destroys orange crop likely price orange juice rise read ideas generalizations essay basic economic concepts economists understanding past economic history present explaining present predicting future reason spotty record unlike physical biological scientists laboratory controlled war natural catastrophe unpredictable event predicted major impact economy
master curriculum guide framework teaching basic concepts edition joint council economic education listed twenty basic concepts believe taught comprehensive economics course section provide explanation concepts order guide concepts listed heading foundations economic understanding based knowledge concepts essential grasp economic principles appreciate discipline economics begin economics making intelligent decisions let examine turn scarcity society want goods services economy produce scarcity basic problem economics affects individual household community nation exists productive resources inputs create goods services outputs desired productive resources land natural resources labor human resources capital capital economists mean goods produce goods services tools equipment machines factories trucks office buildings want choices economics called science choice making choices consider choice cost satisfaction apt choice express costs terms money shirt real cost sacrifice spend want shirt hat real cost choosing shirt sacrifice hat
index business activity york tell things economy economic indicator compiled york department commerce designed measure relative volume goods services produced private sector components representing major sectors private economy weighted adjusted line importance economy component combines measures activity employment sales production base indicators measured comparing performances index shows production percent level dollar measures computation index adjusted inflation index reflect physical volume goods services produced index tell things economy york important measures rate growth private sector helps chart economic cycles periods rapid growth periods stagnation periods decline helps trends major sectors economy trends evident types indicators number jobs table annual averages index business activity components period examination table important insights private economy grown percent period growth interrupted separate national recessions
plant closed company consolidate operations company buy piece machinery office automated build plant united states overseas decisions affecting job line cares workers growing number companies spurred tremendous influx japanese exports consequent analysis japanese industrial relations systems inaugurated systems joint decision making examples auto workers general motors ford chrysler steelworkers steel steel companies communications workers union examples counterparts number corporations implementation programs varies considerably basic idea workers management sit tackle problems solutions groups identified employee involvement programs quality groups deal questions raised previously clearly pointed programs involving union existing collective bargaining agreement altered amended matters government issued regulations affect company worker area safety health series questions raised company dispose toxic wastes kind protection workers need perform jobs pay equipment type guards machines noise need workers tolerate workers recognize potential hazards industrial chemicals questions obvious importance worker demands maximum protection company cost decisions abate hazards
prepare future want kinds jobs offer opportunities employment ahead employment occupations growing fast number jobs actually declining essay designed give idea york changing economy job market york job market joins force million persons engaged occupations half entire population employed industries farms schools businesses offices amusements stores transportation systems wages profits fees commissions piecework spend earnings products services fueling economic machine york spending turn creates jobs workers entering labor force york job market stock exchange buyers employers sellers job seekers meet market constant motion moving job retiring job seekers entering women market raising families seasonal workers laid recalled retired careers students looking summer jobs active market sum job needs activities decisions millions million total population million yorkers labor force labor force sixteen age older million broad age bracket million labor force school home raising families retired institutions looking
let examine salaries reflect teacher demand york median measure average teacher salaries median salary midpoint salary range half teachers earn half earn median salary amount compared median salary amount thirty earlier table inappropriate comparisons salary amounts extended period accounting impact inflation price goods services heard older say ten ago dollar bill bought lot dollar bill buy today inflation erodes purchasing power dollar bill purchasing power dollar compared purchasing power dollar federal government indicator called consumer price index cpi consumer price index measures change prices consumer goods services period indicator compare accurately amount money worth period comparison consumer price index shown amount goods services purchased june purchased june worth times consumer price index convert median salary level purchasing power dollar june
platitudes abound death taxes likes pay taxes taxes form government confiscation paying taxes pumping money sewer thing fair tax modern society provide social goods services tax base taxes inescapable essential element complex society relevant question taxes pay tax burden distributed society taxes fair concept fairness requires making judgments considered fair individual considered unfair order determine fair norm evaluation agreed generally accepted norms benefits principle ability pay principle according benefits principle fair tax taxes deriving benefits tax federal gasoline tax funds building maintenance interstate high system fair tax according benefits principle according ability pay principle fair tax takes higher percentage income individuals higher incomes federal progressive income tax fair according ability pay principle york evolved complex tax structure classified according type tax income based tax sales excise taxes taxes table illustrates major york taxes taxes justified fair taxes benefits principle highway tax collected trucking companies highway system maintenance improvement roads
federal constitution permit congress levy graduated income tax passage sixteenth amendment periods revenues tariffs specific goods revenues income taxes insignificant average citizen congress raised graduated income tax rates maximum percent corporate income tax social security taxes provide federal income business excise property taxes furnished local government revenues depression federal government concentrating income tax sales tax logical tax states adopt today general sales tax represents largest single source revenue local governments largest revenue source real property tax york california maryland individual income tax important source revenue sales tax states sensitive ability pay principle evaluating fairness taxes graduated income tax tax rate increases tax base income grants aid important deal social programs started federal government administration programs carried local governments funds collected federal government percent gnp collected federal government percentage risen percent percent federal government receiving approximately dollars total income local governments hard pressed find revenue
recent adjournment ninety ninth congress welcome event york politicians tax reform deficit reduction issues note washington days presented political leaders unwelcome prospect reduced flow funds albany specifically issues haunting york public officials gramm vulnerability york fiscal system produces nation highest taxes expenditures disguised allowed york politicians raise revenues read taxes middle income residents part don itemize incurring wrath high income residents itemize lost powerful groups high income individuals businesses begin challenge high tax rates forcing leadership lower taxes clearly want political leaders opposition ending say yorkers itemize benefited present tax system recent comptroller report notes president plan lower federal tax rates elimination deductions fully implemented york taxpayers pay million federal taxes gramm deficit reduction plan ghost scaring york politicians fear board cuts federal spending curtail aid york receives ultimate fate federal tax reform deficit reduction decided point threat end local deductions specter funds washington force yorkers question current tax expenditure levels
meet kathy classified secretary civil service system clerical workers classified women kathy knows important operation office telephones answered letters documents filed kathy recently discovered employees department parks recreation classified tree trimmers male earn higher salary kathy doubts tree trimmers valuable operation government kathy advocate comparable worth idea salary employee related importance employee employer organization words important employee paid money important employee paid dramatic roles women play american society occurred recent despite advancements job market studies show wage gap women increased early women earn sixty cents dollar male counterparts earn underlying earnings gap appears job segregation majority women fill narrow range low paying sex segregated jobs part wage differential women accounted differences education experience commitment labor force known human capital factors advocates comparable worth theory aim closing gender gap theory goes principle equal pay equal call similar pay dissimilar jobs considered comparable employer
happening economy region live growing declining standing able find job region thinking going business prospects success region region place live compare regions questions asking plan future try decide remain region move study economy region consumer citizen future worker business person essay suggest ways systematically study region economy studying economy region identify define region geographically politically economically areas need approaches regions york fairly clear geographic identities island clear geographic identity body land surrounded water shown essay economy island political economic factors account easiest ways define region political boundaries county lines live decide region dutchess county live choose county region unfortunately economic activities confine political boundaries let say live city albany suppose fly area small plane photograph
york divided counties shown figure issue interest economists distinct counties specialize economic activities counties york specialize growing grapes vegetables counties specialize growing vegetables grapes counties specialize growing grapes vegetables economic activity tourism specific let list ten leading grape vegetable growing counties york table lists raise interesting economic questions instance counties lists erie counties list leading grape vegetable counties lie western half york questions worth pursuing issue concerns county chosen specialize growing grapes vegetables realized types questions asking concerning patterns grape vegetable production york asked patterns economic specialization wonder united states leading agricultural countries japan major car manufacturing nation saudi arabia specializes production oil steel fortunately single powerful economic principle capable explaining patterns economic specialization principle doctrine comparative advantage
section data economists understand economy help forecasting heading government officials help economists information help frame economic policy aimed achieving full employment stable prices adequate economic growth included section gross national product national income labor force statistics price production indexes money supply home construction major data studies offers information lets understand american economy basic measure economic activity gross national product gnp retail goods services produced united states products sold actually counted volunteer household counted part gnp chores home gnp changed chores neighbor receive payment gnp rise gnp account importance leisure recreation simple living fresh air rise gnp means goods services consumers buy rise thought desirable economic growth increased output jobs improvement standard living measure economic gnp limitations total note population affect rises prices due inflation increase gnp increase real goods services finally gnp say assortment goods services
major economic policies government fully employ labor force difficult labor force workers varying levels education skills experience job grouped according classifications differences gender age retirement decisions contribute making full employment complicated policy administer wish jobs population increases seek jobs industries flourish decline unemployed declining sectors find jobs expanding sectors move easily industry region country fewer unemployed measuring employment unemployment find government policies achieve full employment working survey country practical sample portion national population serves estimate number working unemployed actively seeking jobs bureau labor statistics visit households interview age sixteen size sample survey conducted week month twelfth falls labor force composed civilian population sixteen age classified employed unemployed looking job sixteen age workers obtain regular employment according federal law institutions prisons mental hospitals homes aged included group
heard older talk car bought loaf bread dime products change say dime equal loaf bread costs want compare real values goods services simplicity examples raises difficult questions prices rise fall arithmetic average prices food shelter clothing durable goods needed meaningful index provide accurate information index numbers averages point general trends creating index choices items include importance items relation base period price change measured choices determine reliability index number price index frequently reported united states consumer price index cpi common measure inflation affects individuals households cpi bureau labor statistics began publishing data surveys purchases families wage earners clerical workers today cpi computed ways cpi urban wage earners clerical workers cpi added late cover urban dwellers undergone notable consumer preferences kinds goods services changed cpi defined simply weighted measure average price change fixed market basket goods services
economic wants goods services buy pleasure comfort cosmetics sports equipment designer clothes want intangible things love affection family respect admiration friends recognition achievements valued terms money economic wants economic needs basics food clothing shelter distinction economic needs economic wants difficult considered want person considered need car represent need parents depend transportation desire car want considering sources transportation wants change period result getting older increased education increased income change place live sides basic needs wants hungry eat times selective food eat obtain money working money buy goods services satisfy needs wants spend money earn save buy things want need later date money satisfy economic wants needs need money earn buy goods services naturally want enjoyable provide satisfaction money
sources personal income include wages profits operation business interest money lend rent buildings land transfer payments social security local federal taxes paid spend save income wish portion income regardless money invested securities stocks bonds held form material assets land buildings known private property saving income businesses buy land buildings things private property earn income property ownership rights important characteristic american economy let assume moment government owned property mean government direct production economic goods needed live profit incentive produce improve product government ownership property means production receive goods government chose allocate property making profit americans incentive establish operate business enterprises million united states want need demand economic goods services business products services consumers business goods services consumers want business service provide demands goods services million satisfied prices able willing pay
workers individuals earn income buy economic goods services primarily satisfaction derived efforts case source income meet basic needs purposes consider worker receives income opportunity cost working leisure order earn income consumers individuals try satisfy wants acquiring goods services savings purchase goods services opportunity cost savings present enjoyment goods services citizens individuals strive obtain benefits public services citizens vote pay taxes build roads schools paying taxes reduces amount money individual spend goods services stereos automobiles entertainment individual discretionary funds money left buying necessities food clothing shelter reduced citizen person joins members society collective decisions opportunity cost collective decision making loss individual choice role consumer individual decisions regarding spending borrowing saving investing individuals decide spend part income satisfy wants acquiring goods services opportunity cost buying item giving opportunity purchasing item keeping income savings individuals decide borrow money consume present
sign blank contract part figures conditions left filled hurries suggests sign contract rest information filled later suspicion aroused sign contract understanding supplementary agreements later sure agreements contract absence substantial proof regard oral agreements supplementary written agreements agreements stipulated contract enforceable promises seller makes sale article operate specific specific quality statements buyer legal rely promises representations called warranties express warranty assurance quality promise performance seller oral written sale express warranty general statement rebuilt television set limited fact goods set channel outdoor antenna implied warranty obligation imposed law cases law requires sellers provide minimum standards quality performance actual promise sale buyer expect article purchased serve purpose sold definite statement buy air conditioner expect operate operate legal recourse
advertising tv radio newspapers magazines billboards walls stores mail exposed kinds advertising escape put advertising chiefly concerned directed person buys personal household business profession advertising known consumer advertising advertising classified approach intention advertising intended stress benefits class type product brands product known primary advertising dairy industry advertising stimulate demand cheese primary advertising selective advertising hand attempts persuade consumers buy brand kind advertising consumers frequently exposed market goods services sucessfully advertiser needs understand motives influence human behavior motives referred advertising appeals advertising classified terms rational appeals emotional appeals rational appeals supposedly center logic providing basic facts information emotional appeals involve emotions excite buy decision buy logical advertisements appeals overlap psychologists today longer precise distinction rational emotional behavior psychologists approach person performs behavior desirable threatening approach human behavior refined attempting decide behavior rational emotional
buyer recognize fact majority advertisers honest deceptive advertising hurts consumers businesses consumers cheated businesses lose repeat customers dishonest advertisers deceptive advertising appeals claims schemes spite efforts stop advertisers deceptive practices find successful big profits action force stop deceptive advertising practices repeatedly consumers recognize guard types deceptive advertising found frequently discussed type deceptive advertising called bait switch product advertised cut rate price mention seller items sale price customers enter store told item stock attempt switch customers higher priced item ad merely bait lure customers store switch item fictitious pricing misrepresentation forms deceptive advertising overstating manufacturer suggested price convince buyer advertised price special bargain advertising percent regular price seller sold goods making false exaggerated claims quality performance product type deceptive advertising sending unordered products mail letter demanding payment consumers aware legal obligation pay unordered products mail obligation return merchandise
basic standard judging money acceptability money performs functions demanded money economic terminology true wealth consists goods capable bought sold stored future money build wealth collect store goods metallic money copper silver gold money claim wealth acceptable things sell item money ceases acceptable buying selling goods services longer considered money money recall defined accept exchange goods services forms money common united states coins currency checkbook money money metal coins convenience paying small amounts treasury responsibility minting coins money issued federal reserve banks coins circulation united states alloys mixtures metals face coin metal gold coins silver coin minted eisenhower dollar congressional committee banking currency defined currency paper folding money past currency issued national banks federal reserve banks treasury today nearly currency circulation consists federal reserve notes issued twelve federal reserve banks
discussed chapter provide easy save money emergencies major expenses insurance premiums special short term goals money savings accounts readily needed funds earn interest accumulate rate interest rate inflation purchasing power savings decline alternatives regular passbook savings accounts deposits money market certificates money market accounts united states savings bonds insurance annuities alternative plans yield higher interest regular savings accounts combating inflation require funds remain financial institution period ranging ninety days early withdrawal result loss considerable interest needs funds emergencies short term needs savings accounts needs met thought investing term savings provide larger rate return protection inflation term goals saving provide retirement income ira individual retirement account special retirement plan designed encourage save future depending income amount place account single person interest earned yearly taxed begin withdrawing funds age older start withdrawing funds retirement lower tax bracket putting money account account taxed favorable rate financial institutions offering variety investment opportunities money market funds treasury bills mutual funds real estate earn money order pay interest individual account
investors interested steady reliable income period continuous payment interest dividends considerations evaluating security history corporation earnings dividends determined records stock listed exchange expert advice needed determine future earnings investment purposes corporation earn considerably money pays bond interest stock dividends corporation regularly earning needed purposes adequate margin safety investment turned money quickly loss liquid investment investments liquid event encounter emergencies need replace furnace broke middle winter wouldn want wait months piece real estate owned sell real estate considered liquid investment hand money bank savings account withdraw bank open savings accounts liquid investments true investor interested buying security thought selling immediately consider possibility investors desirable securities listed public sale stock exchanges securities sold directly brokers broker person specializes study securities assets advises investors arranges purchase sale securities assets
insurance policies build cash policy holder borrow insurance company cash loan policy table loan values end shown policies states insurance companies require days advance notice making loan policy low interest rates charged borrowers actually borrowing money credit investigation required fee insurance company control money borrower loan short period need repay loan choose interest paid added amount loan death occurs loan repaid amount loan accumulated interest deducted face policy borrows insurance insurance protection reduced amount insurance paid easy borrow insurance insurance companies try seek repayment loan facts slow repayments adequate insurance needed consumer finance companies small loan companies lend primarily persons moderate means established credit rating lend security collateral loans sources companies institutions fill important place economic system licensed consumer finance company confused loan sharks lenders discussed later chapter
car buyers pay interest money borrow buy vehicles forego interest earned savings pay car lending institutions car numerous financing plans car buyers financing plans differ depending portion car cost financed interest charged length loan term cost financing car considered calculating cost owning car alternative methods financing car result considerable savings plans lenders carefully compared financing plan selected items payments car registered license fee customarily due registration title sales tax due car purchased charges owning car overlooked include garage fees dealer preparation transportation charges car areas garage costs high areas costs low cost operating costs include repairs maintenance gasoline oil tires parking tolls car higher operating costs numerous repairs replacement parts car include items wheel replacement tires batteries light bulbs fan belts brake linings mufflers spark plugs service repair cars public generally assume tasks car owners pay labor costs dealer garages independent garages service stations
millions cars purchased country buy cars happy unhappy difference satisfied depends type preparation buying procedure car buyer going car dealership cars look consumer magazines automobile magazines types magazines public library consumer magazines consumer reports generally pay close attention practical things gas mileage road tests automobile magazines report style road tests consumer mind magazines depend auto industry advertising business find nice say cars pays types magazine objective view automotive experts engineers comparison shopping valuable practice shopping car car buying authorities suggest deals highly competitive high volume experts suggest small volume dealers position deal lower operating expenses advertising fewer salespeople determined model car think want list sell pays compare price reputation service facilities convenience individuals families eligible buy cars prices dealer cost auto buying services auto brokers alternative sources cars save car buyer considerable amounts money auto buying services specialize fleet volume sales sell cars large companies
states insurance agents required law provide interest adjusted net cost index request think buying insurance company agent refuses provide index company require disclosure honesty insurance agent advises important soundness company buy insurance general rule insurance agents honest give careful attention insurance needs clients buyer insurance agents eager sell recommendations buyer familiar basic types insurance order judge merits insurance agent recommendations agents study insurance taking courses schools study takes helps agent learn principles insurance agent learns nature insurance policies principles insurance program planning individual family completing extensive course study equivalent credit hours typically agent examinations qualify professional designation chartered insurance industry cpa certified public accountant accounting profession highest level professional expertise letters agent means agent informed insurance capable giving sound advice insurance reliable agent working reliable company give sound advice prospective insurance buyers applying insurance policy applicant asked amount insurance owned
gradually americans began move urban areas employed factories stores enterprises owned primarily wage rates varied according demand supply labor opportunity draw income employer decreased greatly disabled desire independent economically secure especially true disabled unable age dependents relied income legislation protect aid help called social legislation social legislation provided compensation workers loss due accidents illness laws common states known workers compensation laws concern wealth income care age pension laws arizona enact laws beginnings social legislation increased include wide range benefits larger larger numbers united states government started social security system help protect citizens economic simply put social security system insurance compulsory workers social security system base individuals build protection dependents cost paid worker employer details social security legislation changed times major major enacted published information assumed date accurate short
states workers compensation laws states employers required pay fund protection workers states payments optional employer insured employee sue compensation result accident receive compensation intoxicated job reckless ignoring danger injured worker sue employer laws states provide medical hospital bills paid regardless amount injured worker receive compensation week states compensation paid worker permanently disabled case death worker resulting injury spouse children receive weekly compensation problems age disability social economic problems problems individual society general save money plan future provide burdens society argue social insurance compulsory economic freedoms spend income choose argue democratic country welfare member important social insurance availble millions aged orphaned widowed homeless food clothing short friends relatives care needy government care government raise taxes pay added cost
economic wants goods services buy pleasure comfort cosmetics sports equipment designer clothes want intangible things love affection family respect admiration friends recognition achievements valued terms money economic wants economic needs basics food clothing shelter distinction economic needs economic wants difficult considered want person considered need car represent need parents depend transportation desire car want considering sources transportation wants change period result getting older increased education increased income change place live sides basic needs wants hungry eat times selective food eat obtain money working money buy goods services satisfy needs wants spend money earn save buy things want need later date money satisfy economic wants needs need money earn buy goods services naturally want enjoyable provide satisfaction money
sources personal income include wages profits operation business interest money lend rent buildings land transfer payments social security local federal taxes paid spend save income wish portion income regardless money invested securities stocks bonds held form material assets land buildings known private property saving income businesses buy land buildings things private property earn income property ownership rights important characteristic american economy let assume moment government owned property mean government direct production economic goods needed live profit incentive produce improve product government ownership property means production receive goods government chose allocate property making profit americans incentive establish operate business enterprises million united states want need demand economic goods services business products services consumers business goods services consumers want business service provide demands goods services million satisfied prices able willing pay
workers individuals earn income buy economic goods services primarily satisfaction derived efforts case source income meet basic needs purposes consider worker receives income opportunity cost working leisure order earn income consumers individuals try satisfy wants acquiring goods services savings purchase goods services opportunity cost savings present enjoyment goods services citizens individuals strive obtain benefits public services citizens vote pay taxes build roads schools paying taxes reduces amount money individual spend goods services stereos automobiles entertainment individual discretionary funds money left buying necessities food clothing shelter reduced citizen person joins members society collective decisions opportunity cost collective decision making loss individual choice role consumer individual decisions regarding spending borrowing saving investing individuals decide spend part income satisfy wants acquiring goods services opportunity cost buying item giving opportunity purchasing item keeping income savings individuals decide borrow money consume present
advertising tv radio newspapers magazines billboards walls stores mail exposed kinds advertising escape put advertising chiefly concerned directed person buys personal household business profession advertising known consumer advertising advertising classified approach intention advertising intended stress benefits class type product brands product known primary advertising dairy industry advertising stimulate demand cheese primary advertising selective advertising hand attempts persuade consumers buy brand kind advertising consumers frequently exposed market goods services sucessfully advertiser needs understand motives influence human behavior motives referred advertising appeals advertising classified terms rational appeals emotional appeals rational appeals supposedly center logic providing basic facts information emotional appeals involve emotions excite buy decision buy logical advertisements appeals overlap psychologists today longer precise distinction rational emotional behavior psychologists approach person performs behavior desirable threatening approach human behavior refined attempting decide behavior rational emotional
buyer recognize fact majority advertisers honest deceptive advertising hurts consumers businesses consumers cheated businesses lose repeat customers dishonest advertisers deceptive advertising appeals claims schemes spite efforts stop advertisers deceptive practices find successful big profits action force stop deceptive advertising practices repeatedly consumers recognize guard types deceptive advertising found frequently discussed type deceptive advertising called bait switch product advertised cut rate price mention seller items sale price customers enter store told item stock attempt switch customers higher priced item ad merely bait lure customers store switch item fictitious pricing misrepresentation forms deceptive advertising overstating manufacturer suggested price convince buyer advertised price special bargain advertising percent regular price seller sold goods making false exaggerated claims quality performance product type deceptive advertising sending unordered products mail letter demanding payment consumers aware legal obligation pay unordered products mail obligation return merchandise
commercial bank financial institution owned stockholders owners bank buying shares stock stockholders elect board directors manage bank operations commercial banks serve needs businesses individuals charters commercial banks permit receive savings deposits loans commercial banks today advertise full service banks provide financial services customers services later chapter savings bank financial institution accept savings deposits interest paid depositors savings banks stock companies mutual companies stock savings bank owned stockholders board directors manage bank profits stockholders mutual savings bank owned depositors operated mainly benefit savings banks authorized offer interest bearing checking accounts savings loan association federally chartered financial institution organized accept deposits loans institutions accept deposits pay interest deposits specialize mortgage loans homes apartments condominium complexes congress gave savings loan associations offer wide range additional services checking accounts interest bearing checking accounts deposits personal loans names savings loan associations building loan associations cooperative banks savings associations thrifts homestead banks credit unions nonprofit associations operating savings lending institutions benefit members credit unions accept share deposits savings deposits personal mortgage loans members offer special checking accounts called share drafts
insurance policies build cash policy holder borrow insurance company cash loan policy table loan values end shown policies states insurance companies require days advance notice making loan policy low interest rates charged borrowers actually borrowing money credit investigation required fee insurance company control money borrower loan short period need repay loan choose interest paid added amount loan death occurs loan repaid amount loan accumulated interest deducted face policy borrows insurance insurance protection reduced amount insurance paid easy borrow insurance insurance companies try seek repayment loan facts slow repayments adequate insurance needed consumer finance companies small loan companies lend primarily persons moderate means established credit rating lend security collateral loans sources companies legitimate institutions fill important place economic system licensed consumer finance company confused loan sharks lenders discussed later chapter
car buyers pay interest money borrow buy vehicles forego interest earned savings pay car lending institutions car numerous financing plans car buyers financing plans differ depending portion car cost financed interest charged length loan term cost financing car considered calculating cost owning car alternative methods financing car result considerable savings plans lenders carefully compared financing plan selected items payments car registered license fee customarily due registration title sales tax due car purchased charges owning car overlooked include garage fees dealer preparation transportation charges car areas garage costs high areas costs low cost operating costs include repairs maintenance gasoline oil tires parking tolls car higher operating costs numerous repairs replacement parts car include items wheel replacement tires batteries light bulbs fan belts brake linings mufflers spark plugs service repair cars public generally assume tasks car owners pay labor costs dealer garages independent garages service stations
millions cars purchased country buy cars happy unhappy difference satisfied depends type preparation buying procedure car buyer going car dealership cars look consumer magazines automobile magazines types magazines public library consumer magazines consumer reports generally pay close attention practical things gas mileage road tests automobile magazines report performance style road tests consumer mind magazines depend auto industry advertising business find nice say cars pays read types magazine objective view automotive experts engineers comparison shopping valuable practice shopping car car buying authorities suggest deals highly competitive high volume experts suggest small volume dealers position deal lower operating expenses advertising fewer salespeople determined model car think want list sell pays compare price reputation service facilities convenience individuals families eligible buy cars prices dealer cost auto buying services auto brokers alternative sources cars save car buyer considerable amounts money auto buying services specialize fleet volume sales sell cars large companies
states insurance agents required law provide interest adjusted net cost index request think buying insurance company agent refuses provide index company require disclosure honesty insurance agent advises important soundness company buy insurance general rule insurance agents honest give careful attention insurance needs clients buyer insurance bear mind insurance agents eager sell recommendations buyer familiar basic types insurance order judge merits insurance agent recommendations agents study insurance taking courses schools study takes helps agent learn principles insurance agent learns nature insurance policies principles insurance program planning individual family completing extensive course study equivalent credit hours typically agent examinations qualify professional designation chartered insurance industry cpa certified public accountant accounting profession highest level professional expertise letters agent means agent informed insurance capable giving sound advice insurance reliable agent working reliable company give sound advice prospective insurance buyers applying insurance policy applicant asked amount insurance owned
gradually americans began move urban areas employed factories stores enterprises owned primarily wage rates varied according demand supply labor opportunity draw income employer decreased greatly disabled desire independent economically secure especially true disabled unable age dependents relied income legislation protect aid help called social legislation social legislation provided compensation workers loss due accidents illness laws common states known workers compensation laws concern wealth income care age pension laws arizona enact laws beginnings social legislation increased include wide range benefits larger larger numbers united states government started social security system help protect citizens economic simply put social security system insurance compulsory workers social security system base individuals build protection dependents cost paid worker employer details social security legislation changed times major major enacted published information assumed date accurate short
states workers compensation laws states employers required pay fund protection workers states payments optional employer insured employee sue compensation result accident receive compensation intoxicated job reckless ignoring danger injured worker sue employer laws states provide medical hospital bills paid regardless amount injured worker receive compensation week disabled states compensation paid worker permanently disabled case death worker resulting injury spouse children receive weekly compensation problems age disability social economic problems problems individual society general save money plan future provide burdens society argue social insurance compulsory economic freedoms spend income choose argue democratic country welfare member important social insurance availble millions aged orphaned widowed homeless food clothing short friends relatives care needy government care government raise taxes pay added cost
national economic growth influenced combined action businesses individuals government growth results combined effect factors factors controlled government action subject control factors effect economic growth include technology resource discovery savings government encourage development capital tax incentives population increases labor force tends increase goods services produced additional increase gnp economic growth place real rate increase gnp adjusted inflation greater increase population population united states increased approximately eleven million average million jobs created avoid increased unemployment economic growth happen free opportunity costs economic growth things economic growth requires sacrifices benefits economic growth considered relation costs important opportunity costs economic growth sacrifice leisure curtailment consumption costs temporary future benefits economic growth saving investing capital goods enable increase leisure consumption consumer goods services costs economic growth born present benefits future increase real capita output greater productive capital goods means worker spend hours capital resources
labor force grows gnp increase rate maintain standard living expect higher standard living gnp grow faster labor force comparison labor force gnp measure efficiency production increasing productivity heart increasing standard living individual point view increased productivity makes higher wages increased earnings permit higher standard living provided prices goods services remain factors influence wages individual workers times run workers wages depend productivity labor producers pay wages justified productivity workers producers continue operate period reasonable profits pay wages higher productivity permit profit receive wage give service equal helping maintain present national standard living receive wage produce helping lower national standard living feel temporarily benefit receiving wages earn approach prices rise fewer able buy goods services want national standard living businesses compete workers compete sales businesses bid productive workers competition businesses bidding competent workers wages reach level justified productivity workers
economic stability economic goals rapid increases prices wages rapid decreases purchasing power dollar detrimental economy inflation hurt business control measures halt cure inflation promote price stability economy list measures appears page fiscal policy means controlling fluctuations business cycle chapter discussed government decisions affecting spending taxation government counterbalance inflation raising taxes consumers money spend decreasing government spending periods recession government decrease taxes increase spending generally combination spending taxation promote economic stability federal reserve bank monetary policy controlling supply money bank credit discussed chapter recession federal reserve expands money supply encourages credit business activity expands rapidly inflation occurs federal reserve discourages consumer spending reducing money supply curbing credit depression national industrial recovery act regulated minimum prices commodities determined volume production industries restricting quantity raw materials purpose aid recovery economic depression war ii emergency price control act regulated maximum prices goods maximum prices allowed called price ceilings regulations affected producers raw materials manufacturers wholesalers retailers include farm commodities wages
papyrus earliest form paper invented ink developed merchants scribes records scrolls paper shown illustration paper records provided improvements clay tablets dry sun stored records light weight easy transport store population increased parts business grew expanded field science growing demand information increased began record kinds information thirst knowledge required data handling systems result systems developed growing demand written records books invention printing press book produced written hand letter johann gutenberg german invented movable type developed printing press prior books took write read books printed learned read write able read demand printed material grew grew information explosion printing machines called printing presses device called wine press squeeze juice grapes gutenberg design wine press develop printing machine shown illustration movable type arranged form pages pressed sheets paper machine modern presses beginning
data processing deals recording storing transmission information wrote letter friend functions exist writing letter recording step finished letter represent stored data letter transmitted mail friend read letter final step information place designed business forms important part data processing basic data required sales slips receipts invoices simple print form blank spaces commerce forms check easy complete easy read handle development standard business forms step history development data handling systems transportation systems part data processing pony express transport data form letters today automobiles trucks trains airlines part data processing carry hundreds tons written records single country crisscrossed thousands miles overhead telephone telegraph lines thousands miles line buried ground sea lines data transmission electronic data transmission towers dishlike antennas dot landscape dozens data transmission satellites stand space television viewing impossible systems handling flow information country
microcomputer systems composed input devices central processor output devices input device put data microcomputer keyboard microcomputer input device puts data system output device records prints displays results input processed computer printer output device input output devices microcomputer screen output device displays computer data disk drive serves output device input device data stored computer memory transferred output floppy disk data stored disk read microcomputer input disk drive computer referred central processor shortened cpu means central processing unit computer cpu main parts control section arithmetic logic section primary storage section exact instructions central processor data information generated computer users wish set instructions tells computer specific data processing task called program programs written tasks assigned cpu control section directs coordinates components operations computer system sends input information correct storage area controls output equipment sends data arithmetic logic section program calls control section switching system large railroad center
computers handling jobs require repeating operations compute home pay thousands workers speed employee pay handled routine math calculations required payroll math calculations easy tasks computers accomplish payroll common computer application fact business computer payroll task computerized raw data form payroll cards created data put computer number input systems computer processes data produces payroll checks reports payroll checks distributed employees reports filed later reference making management decisions facts important computing payroll regular hours worked overtime rates pay numbers dependents taxes deductions similar data facts cards employees check facts keyed computer input data essential payroll facts date payroll information employee stored sort electronic data storage system sets data current payroll information historical data brought current payroll computed records adjusted reflect addition data process payroll computed manually computer capability depends assemble data organized arranged sort order
section computer performs computations required computer performs comparisons data computing payroll arithmetic logic section multiply hours times rate pay perform subtraction taxes deducted gross earnings employees worked overtime person pay figured question asked employee overtime computer look field reports overtime hours worked answer yes computer looks data decision person overtime computer instructions computer skip step computing cycle employee overtime computer multiply overtime hours worked times overtime rate person earnings regular hours worked added earnings overtime hours worked total gross earnings deductions subtracted entire set payroll information employee output storage section computer internal data storage system arithmetic logic section things organization data employees payroll assume employed employees listed alphabetical order payroll file employee records entered computer simple instruction person payroll information correct place file
computers fall general classifications analog digital difference lies type data computer designed process digital computer device counts analog computer device measures question analog devices considered computers yardstick measures considered analog device call yardstick computer electronic navigational system ship considered true analog computer measures steady flow information direction strength wind current speed ship variables determine ship course location digital computer ability count determining total grocery receipt amount invoice amount net pay payroll register examples tasks completed digital computer test computer digital analog ask counts things measures things counts things digital computer hand held electronic calculator digital computer microcomputer digital computer brain functions digital computer adds column figures arrives sum analog computer count measures scale pointer weight analog device measures weight mechanical clocks watches analog devices measure instruments measure show results measurement digital display considered analog devices illustration shows analog devices homes
purchasing company pay seller amount purchase period account stored computerized accounting system seller quickly obtain total amount due form customers data stored computer system makes supplier daily check accounts receivable past due supplier telephone call send memo requesting payment warehouse stocked company purchases goods manufacturers account account means goods received purchase payment later invoice prepared purchase copy invoice purchaser merchandise arrives contents shipment checked verified entry computer system recording purchase amount owed record amount owed supplier purchase goods referred account payable account payable shown illustration company computerized record purchases account quickly list total accounts payable total amount owed list amounts owed total amount owed called schedule accounts payable company daily check find accounts paid order stay allowed payment advantage discounts offered prompt payment
service businesses operated doctors dentists lawyers accountants tree trimmers carpet cleaners health clubs inventory goods sale customers supply items merchandise sale businesses products sell inventories goods businesses huge warehouses full merchandise smaller businesses simply room store merchandise keeping track inventory important accounting operation help business avoid running products customers wish purchase businesses spot merchandise moving order turn merchandise cash reduce prices special sale products inventory records help merchant reordering record numbers types items sold special events opening school fall fourth july special occasions guide merchant stocking goods events systems keeping track inventory popular system perpetual inventory maintained computer item sold inventory record item automatically reduced item purchased restocked inventory record item increased running balance item inventory easy check record maintained computer system illustration shows printout record item perpetual inventory system amounts withheld employees pay meet federal payroll regulations
dan direct computer search word miners replace word touch key entire text scroll screen miners change automatically true dan search paper corrections search replace easier text saver dan selected california gold country topic english term paper command word processors set header automatically printed top page report header line information automatically top page regular text serves purpose located bottom page header dan shown illustration title paper writer page number page number automatically change page copy dan wished simply automatic page numbering feature leave rest header headers left line centered true word processing programs spelling checker disk automatically check spelling word text person expert speller appreciate feature spotlight keyboarding errors makes occasional mistake typing mean type spelling checker spot errors
kind informational system growing popularity business permits business provide information customers price providing service expensive providing live operators department stores provide similar kind service potential customers call wanting information kinds products store sell hundreds telephone numbers stored computer sales pitch computer connected telephone system works automatically call number deliver message annoyed calls seeking legislation outlaw legitimate important large school systems inform parents child arrive school large retailers system advise catalog customers orders arrived ready pickup police departments looking communication system automatically dial advise citizens selected areas city evacuate fire storms toxic conditions deliver public safety announcements computer protect lives property interactive video systems provide customer information reason devices save employees banking system dozens kinds banking information opening account types loans automatic teller machine sign computerized home banking getting safety deposit box banking hours
navigation major problems exploration wooden ships military ships planes need travel seas airspace ago required exact book sextant clear sky horizon stars visible computer coupled navigational satellite solved problem common microcomputer loaded special navigational program pinpoint ship exact location face earth feet suggested illustration surprise versatile microcomputer schools kindergarten university authority recently observed costs factors education salaries books increasing cost microcomputer decreasing projects increase computers educational tools past couple seen improvement quality quantity software programs spelling punctuation grammar mathematics subjects designed attractive features programs today give individual student scores class scores assist teachers grading color increased graphics provide lifelike realistic images programs students interact computer incorrect answer program branch student special instructional subunit additional instruction provided student routed main program students errors saved extra explanations examples students working computer able progress rates
frequently business especially large companies dozens entire departments involved selection purchase computer equipment procedure special needs requirements departments considered objective course select software computer system meet needs business lowest price personal computer user problem person buys home computer generally makes computer decision strangely helper turns bother person knows computers beginners quickly confused expert foreign language answers questions high tech terms complex explanations needs cautious relying sales personnel computer stores objective sell equipment course brands computers sell purchaser home computer system needs think needs future needs initially interested games graphics interest turn word processing accounting applications home computer system personal business applications shown illustration decision computer purchase needs approached care important shop talk read articles advertising brochures equipment profitable spent library reading issues computer magazines
software stolen copying program disks documentation software company profits reduced theft place wide scale company fail protect theft developer secures copyright piece software produced software developed sale copyright protection developer copyright granted author exclusively publish produce sell literary creative product copyright obtained copyright office library congress copyright issued copies material permission guilty violating law illustration persons violate copyright law subject prosecution required pay damages copyright holder software companies give permission purchasers products spare copy software case original damaged inoperative cases issue license amount money permit user copies disk arrangement schools student need copy disk software copyright protection copyright statement disk documentation copyright statement disk displayed screen software shown illustration software documentation consists sheet pamphlet book comes disk describes explains program operates documentation copyright protection
situation jim dick found typical young steal software theft easy harmless price lot money especially young person need theft software company located country likelihood discover theft piracy easy jim dick decide copy swap programs purchase piracy restricted young home computer users exists wider scale includes adults business applications computer users tempted illegal copies software remember software computers attractive piles junk computer capability undeniably exceptional power versatility released software software developers paid labor sales programs reach point piracy reduces revenue software sales producers simply stop producing ethical computer users pay software practice assures continuing flow high quality software releases computer hacker highly skilled person enjoys solving extremely complex problems computer illegally break computer systems telephone lines cases breaking system fun cases order steal company information cases maliciously simply foul record system
areas concern business government electronic files secret information wrong hands company developing product information product hands competitors costly kinds information company wants confidential salary employees considered confidential information payroll information expected information confidential levels government kinds information secret city county government ask bids construction job costing millions dollars details bids entered computer system bids construction companies remain confidential federal government dealings involving domestic foreign policies actions recorded computer systems remain confidential development major move planned move troops equipment ships troubled spot secret military codes computer based data space exploration requires massive amounts computer storage protect huge investments space research remain secret kinds information wrong hands costly country mechanical electronic systems security information developed installed data centers critical element security information integrity workers access information
control open apple solid apple keys change regular keys type letter computer recognizes letter press open apple key type letter computer sees letter stands command copy information escape key works escape route lets step mistake monitor picture tube television set refer monitor crt abbreviation cathode ray tube shows type computer give messages computer messages monitor prompt type information computer needs monitor show airline reservation clerk questions ask buy airline ticket processor memory located inside case keyboard processor works information receives information follows instructions sends part computer system computer memory works memory holds information processor asks apple iie personal computers processor computer chip called microprocessor computer chips memory chips material called silicon major ingredient sand find beach tiny electronic circuits etched wafer silicon circuits crowded magnified hundreds times look city map miniaturized components link form integrated circuit
computers shapes sizes basic parts require application programs chapter learned types application programs word processor lets words data base lets lists lets numbers program advantages word processor write arrange words easily file calculate data base collect file organize information write documents difficult computations solve difficult mathematical problems write reorganize information easily need perform tasks separate programs task remember commands change program move programs computer memory moving information program difficult hard move address data base program word processor program integrated software combines application programs large program combines word processor data base integrated software write file calculate program move information easily parts section integrated application program works apple ii computers stored disk disks fairly sturdy designed handled roughly careful records cassette tapes
chapter learned files stored disks file remember forget files disk help remember programs let list files disk section shows list files stored disk textbook files text create files need save disk blank disk needs prepared store files data disk files create application program files considered data computer disk labeled sample files comes text special type data disk called template disk template disk files created saving typing write letter helpful template disk file body letter change address salutation person letter single disk store dozens files difficult remember want files stored disk tell computer show list start process listing files main menu main menu screen start type date main menu looks file card
choose options command choose options want options apply words cursor location move cursor setting options want set options part document quit options command move location choose options command finish setting options part document press escape key leave options function table options disappears document options adjust margins spacing document words want margins document want double space document set options beginning document options indenting paragraph parts document justification option tells word processor line text text aligned left margin align text center left margins newspaper calls kind justification justified text programs call fully justified text terms mean thing figure justified unjustified text centered text especially titles return addresses letter center return address food drive letter part document justification setting titles section headings centered quotes fully justified underlining boldface makes text stand
find command fast information matches piece comparison information data base find records ramirez looking named ramirez lived denver need powerful find command specific requests data base select records command select records command data base look records match comparisons set comparisons rules data base follow looks information rules called record selection rules record selection rules match contents specific categories comparison information type rule includes category comparison equal comparison information tells data base select records type information category comparison information words groups characters think contained data base data base set selection rules rule linked connector record selection rules find named ramirez live denver step choose select records command pressing open apple data base shows list categories file making comparisons figure want find named ramirez choose category comparisons
data base lets look information screen lets print reports show need types information data base file person want list fiction books want list nonfiction books report format determines information printed report set report formats file examples report formats shown figure ready print report report format set report format tells computer information include report tell computer print report chosen print command open apple choose command computer shows report menu figure menu lists ways report format option report format tells computer show report formats set file figure shows report format file created sample files disk file formats learn later set report format list file format note instance file format format names vary provide choose formats look computer shows report format screen figure
ago france teenager named pascal helping father add huge columns figures french tax court pascal felt mind occupied subjects age decided build machine calculations machine add subtract repeating steps multiply divide worked pascal achieved short died developers popular computer language pascal named germany baron gottfried wilhelm von considered spent making calculations tedious independently pascal designed machine actually division stepped stepped gears original design known wheel design ahead hard seventeenth century mechanics produce actually advanced mechanical calculators based design brilliant mathematician founder german academy sciences invented form calculus modern science suggest idea binary numbers zeros calculations system computers today didn stepped built small quantities nineteenth century americans took lead calculator design frank baldwin version easier put numbers calculator felt chicago started successful company building calculators included typewriter style keyboard printer
john von knew memory asked recite dickens tale cities recited fifteen minutes stopping friend soon realized von recite book memory twenty reading von mathematician princeton involved development computer big difference computers addition computer memory store programs computers divided generations based grandparents computers commercial computer examples generation computers vacuum tubes perform calculations vacuum tubes generated enormous amount heat early computers large fill vacuum tubes tendency burn increased maintenance costs computers scientists working bell laboratories developed alternative vacuum tubes late john william william shockley won nobel prize invention transistor transistor worked vacuum tube size pencil eraser transistors ushered generation computers transistors smaller generation computers smaller worked ten times fast generation computers transistors burnt company digital equipment company took advantage transistors introduced minicomputer designed small projects giant corporations entirely cost fraction mainframe price room improvement jack texas instruments put entire circuit piece silicon
family country india knew wanted loved draw high school college volunteered design shirts programs plays projects seriously considered career art let computer art took training area graduation college started managerial career insurance company soon discovered creative quit job took courses drawing design community college graphics experience design department small newspaper laying pasting newspaper articles evenings took course community college computer graphics course opened tremendous opportunities presently left newspaper works freelance graphic designer computer illustrations large companies training disks help teach computer software draw computer says plan design computer drawing programs designed advertisements greeting cards letterheads business cards designs printed laser printer typesetting machine designs lay groundwork hand drawn art asked college education required computer artist says necessarily fact scared computers started working thought complicated soon took classes began experimenting realized drawing tool easy
code logic step basic lines finish coding main program note rem statement program provide documentation line rem marks beginning earnings expenses easy find main program computer programs written times data able reuse program data set place program store data data easily changed program run variable place computer memory store data think variable box data values stored inside box box computer find data program running variables numeric numeric variables store numbers variables store letters combination letters numbers street address chapter numeric variables rules selecting numeric variable numeric variable begin letter alphabet letter letter number apple basic lets choose variable names length recognizes characters variables basic referred reserved words variable meaningful
computer performs addition subtraction minus symbols line values stored added result stored variable total notice variable store result calculation number line computer subtracts stored variable stored variable result stored variable amount left statements written instruct computer print results code printing shown figure print results chapter learned keyword print print words quotation marks print data stored variables line tells computer print words earnings line computer print stored variable stored variable calculated line line print words amount spent stored variable line print words amount left stored variable remember calculated line noticed punctuation marks lines semicolon lines comma line punctuation marks tell computer arrange spacing line printed semicolon print statement tells computer leave spaces quotation marks stored variable
funding companies united states japan germany put company named computers run programs ibm computers faster integrated circuits ibm computers designed integrated circuits commonly computers cheaper half size earlier computer designs components squeezed single chip computers sold extremely making computer company largest computer companies business left company late ready start ambitious project hoped able build entire computer giant semiconductor chips true fourth generation computer large scale integrated circuits company trilogy systems received hundreds millions dollars funding companies impressed brilliance designing earlier computers trying perfect process produce mainframe computer wafer large chip trilogy systems gave struggle simply current technology dream ended hoped build mainframe wafer advances build smaller minicomputers future faster cheaper existing minicomputers companies working idea path computer hardware engineering roundabout important key successful computer designing interest things
hours week future computers let give leisure result family friends relaxing traveling learning computers longer look computer circuits grown chemicals implanted human body microelectronics electronics microscopic scale allow smaller smaller computers computer control ways uneconomical today potentially powerful computers tomorrow operate speed light light electricity operate scientists stanford university developed computerized device implanted ear restore hearing deaf researchers microelectronics provide limited vision blind ago television program featured test pilot badly injured crash body parts replaced bionic electronic parts real university utah developed artificial limbs electronics activated part human nerve impulses distant future fully functional body parts internal organs computers microelectronics perform real thing computers called artificial brains description accurate future computers grown organically built electronic components technology efforts drug companies grow artificial skin bacteria synthetic body chemicals computer scientists think technology growing masses cells process information small electrical charges exchange chemicals
standard text form letter part stays written word processor information letter letter address stored data base files letters printed information data base files merged form letter printed form letter information appears directed specifically person addressed process merging information called mail merge early programs kind merged mailing addresses names letters modern sophisticated mail merge programs allow construct entire letters pieces text stored data base file choosing standard paragraphs sentences request information response question pieced resulting letter looks company wrote letter scratch mail merge function greatly reduces amount spent writing routine letters kind letters business government education write letters important matter mail merged letter prepared quickly appears personal printed copy letter addressed dear customer integrated program mail merge easy task steps making table data base information copied letter writing letter word processor printing letter information actually merged letter printing process
placeholders replaced information data base printing process record looks word processor document matches entry data base category result printed document address names printing process normal printing begin giving print command open apple asks want printing begin choose highlighted response print beginning choose print file printing mail merged documents want print file disk review documents actually printing paper simply print immediately printer choose print asks want document printed option merge data base items document actually information option print document merging prints document placeholders re printing dozens documents choose option test documents look printed preview give chance start printing process re printing documents choose option printed documents placeholders replaced information data base report format birthday letter produces letters sidney marsh gina names addresses person merged form letter mail merge
equally amazing volume records stored kinds records companies letters memos blueprints maps reports inventory price lists purchase orders shipping receipts newspapers catalogs sales personnel records computer printouts familiar types office records office techniques equipment created kinds office records paperless records paperless records include computer tapes floppy disks diskettes cassette tapes microforms films printed page photographed miniature rays records paperless held control filing systems illustration shows paperless records stored filing systems variety quantity information records handled office vary organization common organizations need store protect records find needed filing defined process storing kinds records protection future reference records control defined systems procedures filing reliable systematic process filed information found quickly easily arranged orderly manner remember telephone directory realizing filing principles find information needed telephone numbers presented alphabetic listing names businesses services advertise classified directory yellow pages grouped alphabetically occupation subject area code numbers listed alphabetic arrangement city familiar alphabetic indexing frequently filing arrangement office
cards card file inches wide inches high standard sizes cards white colors help find rapidly information card handwritten ruled cards easier write straight line place card information typed cards typist find easier follow ruled line unlined cards unlined cards typist begins type line top card spaces left edge arrangement makes easier file find desired card illustration guides special cards partitions divide file drawer convenient alphabetic sections guides material heavier cards withstand illustration tab projection top guide labeled illustration tabs enable person guides materials file tabs guide material plastic metal plastic window information tabs read easily looking drawer captions titles alphabetic divisions file written typed printed tabs guides label illustration caption illustration shows caption tab numbers included captions order placing guides file drawer illustration shows tabs card guides farther file drawer
definite rules determining order cards filed located rules known alphabetic indexing rules rules filing correspondence materials alphabetic files rules presented chapter remaining rules chapters purpose filing store records found immediately easily needed imagine emergency trying find telephone number family doctor telephone directory logical arrangement names impossible locate number directory consistent planned system listing knew business personal files difficult materials stored consistent planned organized manner known order planned system filing finding records indexing rules index means point rule established guide action indexing rules established guides point proper location item file indexed special place file distinct names filing system indexing rules able find record immediately consistent commonly recommended indexing rules presented chapter chapters rules businesses adapted rules developed association records managers administrators arma standards records control systems rules designed association manual computerized filing systems
guides mark separate major alphabetic sections filing system ac ad ag special guides point location correspondence related special subjects advertising rates applications taxes correspondence frequently requested agatha cosmetics bentley electronics guide shown illustration single piece heavy small piece rises top guide called tab letter alphabet appears guide tab letter tab called caption alphabetic guides preprinted tabs letters alphabet guides allow type captions insert tabs guides papers filed loosely guides papers folders protect upright accessible folders heavy paper known manila kraft paper sheet material folded shape front panel half inch shorter fold forms pocket papers generally score marks fold lines bottom folder expanded shape permits storage papers folder orderly manner plastic folders variety colors folders expensive manila folders durable excessive handling course file folders illustration tabs similar tabs file guides folder tabs protrude normal height folders require captions show letters alphabet names subject numbers captions tell papers stored folder
primary guides position street signs referred earlier chapter guide eye main alphabetic sections filing system position seen file drawer opened primary guides staggered positions position places prominent visual location tab position folders bears alphabetic caption shown primary guide alphabetic section file primary guide opens alphabetic section file general folder closes section folders general miscellaneous hold papers persons companies correspondence justify individual folder illustration ac general folder holds papers correspondents names beginning letters ac tire abbott acosta sons jane adams alphabetic section general folder ad ag illustration special guides located position guide agatha cosmetics special guide pinpoints location fourth position individual folder company special guide added filing system frequent requests papers agatha cosmetics folder aid special guide folder easily located special guide mark location single folder series folders relate subject notice guides labeled advertising rates applications illustration special guides show location special subject folders correspondence related specific subject obviously efficient organization correspondence related topics location file
write note automatically underline important part order sure person message coding papers filing underline important filing unit filing segment underlined unit key unit filed units separated diagonal lines filing units rating number shows place indexing order relation names filing system chicago art center selected filing segment coded rated chicago art center underlined word chicago key unit filed art unit center filing unit secretary person letter addressed organization release letter checking underlining letter filing segment check mark shown letter illustration indication checked scan letter select filing segment filing segment letter alternate correspondence requested cross reference makes easier locate letter cross reference entry direct attention alternate location filed document possibility letter called selected filing segment prepare cross reference draw wavy line cross reference appears letter write cross reference margin letter
color alphabetic filing systems main topic chapter color filing systems restricted alphabetic systems color numeric systems systems study chapters general color color coding color accenting filing systems color coding process color schemes divide file drawers shelves alphabetic numeric sections color folders guides labels precise color scheme color alphabetic unit digit system color code systematic pattern identification color mark part guides folders labels system color primary secondary special guides individual general folders guides labels carry contrasting colors simply parts system stand primary guides red general folders blue color referred color accenting filing system filing systems illustrated chapter widely publicized country seen systems current records management periodical likely systems office understand color coded systems constructed colors filing easier faster reliable filing systems presented according design guide arrangement
subject filing system brings materials areas advertising sales personnel taxes insurance office procedures materials needed reference longer period customers correspondence holding separate subject file means important records transfer desired subject filing system consists elements alphabetic correspondence file equipment guides folders procedures studied chapter guides subject file positions depending number headings subheadings outline subjects activities business primary guides position subjects representing main headings outline auxiliary guides position represent subdivisions main heading outline subdivisions headings outline turn subdivided guides position carry suitable captions folders subject file type captions consisting subject headings folders type included names individuals businesses general folders similar alphabetic file subject systems paper document coded according subject title filed directly properly labeled folder tabs folders subject file cut half cut
subject files main purpose arrange variety materials according specific topics file main captions prepared major topic subheadings prepared according type material filed examples materials catalogs contracts correspondence employees invoices raw materials document type records sales slips importance phase filing correspondence type records phase filing systems approach system subject document system subject correspondence system similar procedures filing materials subject file materials documents correspondence illustrate filing procedures subject correspondence file discussion incoming letter checked released filing inspection procedures discussed detail chapter cases correspondence coded executive secretary records department letter coded read carefully determine subject title basis coding subject appears letter form caption folder letter filed coding underlining subject appears letter illustration subject letter line paragraph sales location letter subject coding underlined cases code letter writing subject title top letter upper corner
names geographic locations considered part filing segment mark locations clearly effective code circle units geographic number show importance indexing order illustration coding location code correspondent usual manner diagonal lines separate filing units number units show indexing order geographic filing alphabetic filing times cross reference helpful letter information company cross reference prepared letter geographic system cross references geographic location file correspondent consideration cross reference ways cross reference sheets photocopies cross reference guides making cross reference notations folder tabs study illustration cross reference sheet geographic file letter requires cross reference photocopies copy letter place cross reference sheet cross reference guides permanent reason calling attention cross reference correspondent offices locations problem handled permanent cross reference notation tab folder information relating materials folders assume correspondent economy stores main office carson california branch offices daly city alameda
procedures involved storing retrieving records geographic filing system similar type system process effective planned cared system maintained step locate proper folder record begin reading drawer labels find file drawer covering geographic range record filed scan guides drawer subdivisions guides show alphabetic arrangement letter guides illustration lettered guides city location alphabetic arrangement guides illustration city guides ordinarily guides locating folders helpful subdivisions guides ca arcadia illustration guides arcadia city guide illustration point filing vary according guide plan lettered guide plan locate alphabetic section city falls individual folder correspondent folder place record recently dated record front individual folder look general city folder arcadia illustration place record alphabetic order correspondent general city folder place material proper general alphabetic section folder anaheim carson point follow rules alphabetic correspondence filing group letters general folders alphabetically city names names correspondents finally group date recently dated letter front
schools colleges students permanent records cards hospitals doctors dentists patient information cards home recipes cards filed small card file box study numeric filing arranged record tape collection number case refer supplementary card file arranged alphabetically title musical group find number assigned record tape regardless cards records control system card records significant contribution total record control system reference posting files reference card file information record cassette tape location current addresses current merchandise price lists retrieved supplementary card file numeric correspondence file reference card file reference supplementary auxiliary card file reveals number assigned folder system card catalog file mentioned pictured illustration reference file file retrieve information helps locate book library posting card file hand current information recorded file cards hand machine accounts receivable records file money owed company posting card record file clients names listed large ledger cards amounts due paid recorded cards hand posting bookkeeping machine stock inventory records posting files information posted cards stock received ordered
term optical data disk storage refers data recorded disk laser light amplification stimulated emission radiation laser technology developed areas space technology medicine manufacturing optical data disk odd storage odd technology process converting images digital numeric data images documents pictures signatures illustrations stored microforms stored optical data disk digit form electronic data electronic data storage single storage medium odd appears promising information storage retrieval medium automated office optical data disk shown illustration capable storing images equivalent pages disk looks phonograph record diameter encased cartridge protection handled optical data disk cartridges jukebox type device called optical storage retrieval library illustration shows interior storage racks cartridges mechanism shown left retrieve disk cartridge rack insert optical data disk drives located bottom picture illustration image management system library large unit side illustration library disk cartridges insertion retrieval odd drives unit storage unit equivalent million document images contents drawer filing cabinets
step find things sure write details wrong think problems form plan solving write talk supervisor supervisor approval start plan improvement worth fortunate begin working office records control program developed learn operations system handbook called records management manual filing manual describes filing system procedures system course study follow manual job easier supervisor help feel free follow advice completely records system valued worker able enjoy job interesting performing service vital success company proficient learn records control likely promoted higher jobs remaining parts chapter designed give ideas show procedures efficient effective frequently filing system parts checking activity system requires keeping information records department activities papers coded sorted folders removed folders perpetual transfer system papers folders weeded transferred
caliper manila folders ranges points thousands inch thousandths inch difference important system drawer cabinets folders inches file drawer space folder inches difference inches eighty inches space equals file drawers inches deep space lost need heavier folders lost space means cost filing services cost vital low folders heavy duty purposes carrier folders chapter page heavy stock ranges points heavy folders shaped bottoms permit expansion carrying holding bulky items caliper manila folders general points paper stock called kraft file folders kraft manila comparable quality price kraft darker color apt show soil paper weight measured pound usual correspondence paper pounds pounds correspondence paper cut standard size inches measures inches hundred sheets inch paper weigh approximately pounds cut packages inches office paper purchased packages sheets package pound paper actually weigh pounds referred pound paper thinner paper carbon copies pound paper called copy paper
businesses daily bank deposit cash receive payments writing checks depositing cash receipts bank avoids theft helps bookkeeper accurate records amount deposited equal amount cash received business easy pay bills issue checks making payments check helps bookkeeper checkbook accurate written record payments pay bill check bank returns check paid bank marks returned check canceled paid canceled check proof paid bill business offices part job bookkeeper prepare bank deposits cash receipts write checks needed pay bills open checking account begin depositing amount money bank give signature card shown page signature card filled tom webb owner webb appliance shop opened account business sunset bank syracuse york bank compare tom webb signature signature checks writes bank held responsible signature forgery bank printed webb appliance shop supply deposit slips bank provide webb checkbook pages checks shown illustration
banks require businesses pay service charge keeping checking account bank amount banks charge services varies depends number checks deposit items handled bank compared average balance checking account depends fees charged additional services certified checks bank provide convenience customers banks automated teller machines electronic machines allow depositor bank services banks closed depositor special card personal identification number deposits withdraw cash learn balance account large business deposits banking hours night deposit boxes night provided banks check lost depositor issue stop payment order bank bank refuse pay check presented course bank paid check late stop payment order person issuing check ask bank guarantee payment happen especially check large amount bank guarantee payment asking bank certify check bank teller look account sure balance large cover check stamp check certified bank immediately deduct amount certified check account amount transferred special fund check presented payment reason certified check deposit check money account replaced
list bills coins checks deposit slip banks ask identify checks list deposit slip banks writing number bank check drawn check amount deposit slip bank number top half aba number upper hand corner check look check illustration number deposit slip number listed check ways identifying checks deposited person wrote check drawer check illustration write ben deposit slip identify check bank check drawn bank address business checking account number fran bike store major bank printed special magnetic ink characters lower left hand corner deposit slip bank electronic data processing machines able recognize deposit added checking account fran bike store banks print deposit slips duplicate deposit bank teller give depositor copy deposit slip receipt banks prepare separate receipts bank deposits
posting enter posting reference customer account check mark sales returns allowances journal businesses attach copy credit memorandum invoice customer file bookkeeper looks customer file sees complete record record shows amount original invoice deductions invoice price returns allowances method credit memorandum prepared triplicate copy customer office copy sales returns allowances file numerical order copy attached invoice customer file end month foot amount column sales returns allowances journal check footing re adding enter total rule journal bookkeepers sales returns allowances journal post directly office copies credit memorandums customer accounts posting reference customer accounts credit memorandum number postings credit memorandums month clipped place journal job practice sales returns allowances journal posting customer accounts journal sheet paper write headings statement number words choose words match statements write word choose statement number matches careful words listed
steps follow prepare statement account copy customer address accounts receivable ledger month march date statement date shows statement covers information basin retail shop account month march march record previous month ending balance important mind statement account basin retail shop end january end february february statement account showed balance due end month balance due end february opening balance due beginning march dated march entered balance column line statement account recording opening balance copy amounts basin retail shop account march starting march amount balance column balance due march prepare statements account large firm hundreds customers big job chance making mistake copied debits credits customer accounts customer statements firms solve problem computer systems prepare customer statements steps bookkeeper takes prepare customer statements computer prepare schedule accounts receivable bookkeeper loads computer printer customer statement forms
illustration shows invoices approved ready entry purchases journal october illustration shows purchases journal invoices entered understand meaning column entry let trace steps follow job compare flight invoice entry recorded purchases journal data recorded journal invoice columns record dates column date shows date recorded entry purchases journal date column date invoice shows date written purchase invoice date find due date invoice charles maier food received invoice october legally owner purchased merchandise october owes flight date according terms invoice charles maier food days october payment october date invoice column important date columns notice illustration creditor flight written creditor column invoice number written invoice column total amount invoice entered amount column enter extension shown invoice final total question item invoice refer actual invoice
careful bookkeepers test total debits equals credits total debits total credits agree bookkeeper feels confident amounts copied correctly balance sheet totals agree bookkeeper recheck totals additions correct totals agree bookkeeper check amounts written journal copied correctly balance sheet explanation entry written line credit entry indented inch date column look general journal illustration pages data shown balance sheet recorded general journal record general ledger business started bookkeeper decide bound loose leaf general ledger wan ying mee bookkeeper decided loose leaf ledger accounts inserted easily proper section ledger bookkeeper prepared chart accounts job page numbered account remember asset account numbers start number half number shows order account found general ledger cash asset account asset section general ledger bookkeeper numbered account liability account numbers start loans payable liability account liability section general ledger bookkeeper numbered account
look column headings columns income recorded include word credit column showing cash received includes word debit unit learned rules showing increases assets liabilities capital learned cash asset increases assets recorded debit side account increases liabilities capital recorded credit side accounts cash debit column shows asset cash increased word debit shown heading tell bookkeeper postings debit side cash account likewise income labor sale parts increases capital word credit recorded heading tell bookkeeper postings credit side income account postings individual income accounts capital account earnings separate investment business look numbers check mark shown parentheses money columns number shows posted cash account account number general ledger look cash account general ledger note appears date column posting date july bookkeeper total columns cash receipts journal posting columns totaled month shows posted page cash receipts journal
july rebecca posted data check stubs cash payments journal shown illustration page journal shows cash paid dennis july shows posting references recorded july posted totals cash payments journal accounts general ledger steps data post cash payments journal general ledger data entry cash payments journal check stubs amount check entered look check issued july entered cash credit column extended entered parts expense debit column show paid parts expense compare entries july july notice difference entered cash credit column entered extended items debit columns labeled rent expense special column rent expense show general ledger account posted procedure july paid business electric bill july paid business phone bill look entries july note check marks post ref column records check mark post ref column entry recorded posting end month
june general ledger balance debits recorded accountant equal credits merchandise inventory means hear term business expected means word merchandise refers items business expects sell profit harry bond wholesaler auto supplies word merchandise refer items auto batteries shock absorbers spark plugs stock hand count items list merchandise hand taking inventory merchandise inventories figured cost cost refers amount money seller paid merchandise harry bond took inventory merchandise hand june found dollars cents invested kinds auto supplies sale bond accountant recorded fact general ledger opening account called merchandise inventory unit learned account title furniture fixtures business word furniture title refers cost desks tables chairs business word fixtures refers cost items attached fixed permanently place examples items shelves racks attached walls lighting fixtures attached ceiling costs furniture items fixture items added total recorded bond accountant furniture fixtures account harry bond credit sales june
harry bond sources information amount due customers accounts receivable control account general ledger account shows total amount due customers customer accounts accounts receivable ledger ledger shows harry bond customer owes money amount due customer confuse accounts receivable account accounts receivable ledger accounts receivable account page general ledger records total amounts posted customer accounts total posted account sales journal end month accounts receivable ledger book individual customer accounts debits accounts posted sales journal month unit learned business income recorded credit side income accounts general ledger sale merchandise business income recorded credit side sales account total sales journal posted credit side sales account steps follow end month foot check footing re adding enter total rule journal forget write word total account debited column record month date column post total sales journal debit side accounts receivable control account account general ledger
posting reference recorded total accounts receivable credit column cash receipts journal shows amount posted accounts receivable control account account general ledger word credit heading tells recorded credit side accounts receivable control account posting reference accounts receivable control account shows posted page cash receipts journal posting reference recorded total sales discount debit column shows amount posted sales discount account account general ledger word debit heading tells recorded debit side sales discount account posting reference recorded total cash debit column shows amount posted cash account account general ledger word debit heading column tells recorded debit side cash account check mark total bank deposits column shows amount posted remember amounts bank deposits column amounts recorded cash debit column total cash debit column posted post total bank deposits column remember look column headings post column total debit credit
record debit credit balance adjusted account money columns remember data recorded sheet written pencil corrections easier heading adjusted trial balance sheet show accountant corrected adjusted accounts bring date december nathan accountant adjusting entries depreciation bad debts office supplies expense merchandise inventory look account number adjusted trial balance section sheet accountant recorded inventory balance merchandise inventory account dated december amount inventory shown balance sheet december amount shows merchandise hand date study sheet illustration balances asset liability capital accounts extended balance sheet section sheet debit balances extended debit column balance sheet section credit balances extended credit column help decide accounts assets liabilities capital look account numbers remember asset account numbers start number liability account numbers start number capital account numbers start number learned compute cost merchandise sold business period learned cost merchandise sold shown income statement compute cost merchandise sold need amount merchandise inventory beginning business period need amount merchandise inventory end business period
ivy notes help decide boxes report check read statements line quantity report compared statements notes quantity wrote denise produces average worker produces ivy check mark box satisfactory column report column checked employee output average ivy read statements line report quality notes showed denise highly accurate mistakes note neat highly accurate rarely errors found excellent column report ivy check mark box excellent column quality ivy completed factors appraisal report compare rest ivy notes statements boxes ivy checked understand checked boxes ivy checked completing performance appraisal report requires judgments complete report exactly manner reviewing evaluations denise ivy noted denise judged satisfactory excellent factor factor denise judged satisfactory ivy recommended denise continued employee check mark yes blank recommendation line report
persons families budgets major reasons need sure money hand pay bills want help spending money wisely businesses budgets reasons major differences businesses prepare budgets estimating cash receipts payments period months months entire cash receipts business consists income sales services typical payments business wages rent utilities insurance office expense taxes payments wages utilities change month month season season called variable payments payments rent insurance month payments called fixed payments businesses prepare budgets careful estimate cash flow business cash flowing business pay current wages business expenses months receipts payments business say positive cash flow months payments receipts business say negative cash flow careful budgeting business balance positive cash flow negative cash flow bills paid businesses computers prepare budgets processing receipts payments previous periods computers help forecast estimates future periods addition computer arithmetic compares estimates actual figures
steps follow keeping petty cash book step record start fund record month march date column repeat complete date start page notice entry month recorded date column record month record check number check explanation column show money record amount start fund receipts column written dollar sign decimal point dollar signs decimal points written printed forms money columns reason amounts petty cash book illustration written dollar signs decimal points record vouchers petty cash book arranging numerical order abbreviation stands voucher number amount voucher entered line look voucher dated march record spent stamps payments column record office expense column show type expense payment payment aid supplies march special problem look page aid supplies miscellaneous items grouped classified heading general expense columns petty cash book heading items columns special column payment items columns
difference wholesale retail business wholesalers sell large quantities retailers turn sell consumer wholesalers called jobbers wholesalers receive orders merchandise stock ways customers send orders mail order merchandise want telephone wholesalers salespeople visiting customers orders salespeople matter order reaches wholesaler written record order form called sales order sales order prepared credit department check customer credit stock department merchandise ordered hand sales order billing department sales order facts needed complete sales invoice sales invoice called bill person job prepare sales invoice bill called billing clerk compare sales order sales invoice shown page notice difference forms sales invoice prepared sales order sales invoice additional column total amount column worked office pro sporting goods follow steps prepare sales invoice step check customer credit pro sporting goods send goods customer sure customer credit risk prepare sales invoice customer fair department store sure credit approved credit department
list price means wholesale products catalog shows list price wholesalers publish catalog descriptions prices products sell price shown catalog called list price suggested selling price consumer retailer major tv center catalogs wholesalers wholesale products major tv center ask portable television set salesperson show catalog set stock catalog picture description set list price illustrated page profit major tv center pay wholesale products list price shown catalog catalogs printed retailers list deductions discounts retailer price retailer catalog list price discount discount retailers trade called trade discount price retailer pays list price trade discount called net price list price catalog price trade discount equals net price wholesalers print catalog change price retailer printing catalog increasing decreasing trade discount smaller trade discount mean higher net price larger trade discount mean lower net price wholesale products catalog shows list price portable television set trade discount set illustration page
bookkeeping machine operator inserts customer account statement account month machine debit credit recorded customer account reproduced statement account end month debits credits posted customer account statement account complete statements removed file mailed customers avoid need retyping customer address mailing envelope businesses window envelope mailing statements account window envelope clear plastic window statement account properly folded inserted envelope customer address statement clearly seen window statements current month mailed set prepared month customers names addresses typed printed automatically machine called statements account set inserted alphabetic customer file accounts month entry month recorded customer account account statement account bookkeeping machine bookkeeping machine operator start step start writing statement account hand recording debits credits account operator depress proper keys copy final balance month ended balance column statement account opening balance bookkeeping machines saves avoids chance errors copying debits credits customer account statement account
payments entered debit column decrease balance account september balance decreased amount payment recorded date seen column accounts payable account examine steps record data form account step record address terms record address terms spaces top account creditors terms purchase invoice issue enter terms top account step record date record top date column write month record month write entry recorded procedure record entries column account form accounts receivable ledger step record explanation amount explanation shows entry explanation item column september shows purchased merchandise shown invoice record amount proper money column debit column record payments credit column record amounts owe september record credit column show amount purchase judy remember record amounts owed creditors credit column step record balance enter amount balance column soon record amount debit credit column september soon record purchase credit column add amount balance column owe judy
step post cash payments journal creditor account look shown paid column cash payment journal tells data posted account study account accounts payable ledger note data posted cash payments journal account recorded debit column creditor account recorded debit column decrease balance owed final balance october posting reference cpi post ref column account shows data recorded account found page cash payments journal cp stands cash payments journal show data posted check mark put post ref column cash payments journal remember enter amount credit column creditor account show amount owed creditor enter amount debit column creditor account show balance owed reduced payment step total cash payments journal end month amount check column cash payments journal totaled total amount cash paid creditors month illustration shown total cash paid creditors month october total pencil footed verified re adding inked word total date line total
amy found worth finding total items owned items amy owned financial cash clothes bicycle called assets amy owe money worth equaled total assets suppose amy owed bicycle amounts owed called liabilities figure amy worth correct amy assets pay amount owes bicycle worth amy find worth subtracting total assets businesses find worth amy found worth john kim attorney opened office october business assets cash office furniture office machines land building owes bank loan took help buy furniture machines office owes bank mortgage land building mortgage term loan land building security loan john kim accountant prepared statement page called balance sheet show john kim assets liabilities business worth october balance sheet shows owner john kim business worth october word business worth capital terms describe owner capital business worth owner equity proprietor worth word equity refers owner share assets word proprietor word owner business
amount cash business subtract total credits total debits answer rose business worth subtract debit credits answer step analyze transaction asset office furniture increased desk added office furniture owner capital increased asset amount added business change taking place step record increases assets recorded debit side reason debit office furniture account record increase asset increases capital recorded credit side reason credit rose capital account record increase owner business worth general ledger end month transactions recorded shown page end month pencil foot accounts general ledger find balances shown illustration page balance account shown side larger amount case asset accounts side debit side balance cash account balance office furniture account debit side case liability capital accounts larger side credit side balance loans payable account balance capital account shown credit side
understand meaning column entry let trace steps bookkeeper data general journal post data general ledger step record date entry journal date balance sheet june recorded date column date includes month month written month step record title amount account debited asset accounts grouped title account written separate line close date column column headed account title amount debited asset account written column headed debit amount written line showing account debited accounts debited separate lines step record title amount account credited liability accounts marie capital account grouped separate accounts credited accounts debited entry title account credited indented half inch date column illustration page amount credited liability capital account written column headed credit amount written line showing account credited accounts credited separate lines step test total debits equals total credits
april general ledger balance debits recorded accountant equal credits examine merchandise inventory account general ledger page merchandise inventory means hear term business expect means word merchandise refers items business expects sell profit frank wholesaler electrical supplies word merchandise refer lamps fuses electrical wire stock hand count items list merchandise hand taking inventory merchandise inventories figured cost cost refers amount money seller paid merchandise frank took inventory merchandise hand april found dollars cents invested kinds electrical supplies sale accountant recorded fact general ledger opening account called merchandise inventory invested merchandise entered unit learned account title furniture fixtures business word furniture title refers cost desks tables chairs business word fixture refers cost items attached fixed permanently place shelves racks attached walls lighting fixtures attached ceiling costs furniture items fixture items added total recorded accountant furniture fixtures account
addition accounts receivable ledger records amount owed customer need accounts receivable account general ledger account shows total amount due customers total accounts receivable accounts receivable control account opened show frank total amount due customers total debits posted individual customer accounts recorded debit side accounts receivable control account look sales journal page form businesses notice space customer headed account debited show post amounts debit column customer heading amount column changed show names accounts post end month shows amount posted debit credit side account journal totaled ruled posting references accounts written total show posting reference debit posting reference credit study illustration page posted accounts receivable control account total debits posted accounts receivable ledger word control describe accounts receivable account general ledger account shows total customer accounts accounts receivable ledger frank sources information amount due customers accounts receivable control account general ledger shows total amount due customers customer accounts accounts receivable ledger tells frank customer owes money amount due customer
previous jobs learned total accounts receivable debit column sales journal posted debit side accounts receivable control account end month total accounts receivable credit column cash receipts journal posted credit side accounts receivable control account end month total equal total credits posted month cash receipts journal customer accounts accounts receivable ledger posting reference recorded total accounts receivable credit column cash receipts journal show amount posted credit side accounts receivable control account account general ledger word credit heading tells recorded credit side accounts receivable control account posting reference accounts receivable control account shows posted page cash receipts journal posting reference total sales discount debit column shows amount posted debit side sales discount account account general ledger word debit heading tells recorded debit side sales discount account posting reference total cash debit column shows amount posted debit side cash account account general ledger word debit heading column tells recorded debit side cash account check mark total bank deposits column shows amount posted remember amounts bank deposits column amounts recorded cash debit column
business exact amount uncollectible accounts months current accounts receivable bad debts future bad debt result current sale customer expense shown financial statement shows sale order accountant estimate current accounts receivable bad debts later end fiscal period financial statements prepared meredith company asks accountant prepare financial statements month december steps accountant follow estimate bad debts find amount accounts receivable collected step estimate amount bad debts businesses estimate amount bad debts likely looking amount bad debts past businesses find bad debts depending total credit sales find credit sales amount bad debts businesses find estimate amount bad debts taking percentage total credit sales meredith company finds expect bad debt expense total credit sales company sells merchandise account month accountant estimate bad debts expense month
record debit credit balance adjusted account money columns remember data recorded sheet written pencil corrections easier heading adjusted trial balance sheet show accountant corrected adjusted accounts bring date december bender accountant adjusting entries depreciation bad debts merchandise inventory look account number adjusted trial balance section sheet accountant recorded inventory balance merchandise inventory account dated december amount inventory shown balance sheet december show merchandise hand date step extend account balances assets liabilities capital balance sheet section study sheet page balances asset liability capital accounts extended balance sheet section sheet debit balances extended debit column balance sheet section credit balances extended credit column help decide accounts assets liabilities capital look account numbers remember asset account numbers start number liability account numbers start number capital account numbers start number step extend merchandise inventory account balances income statement columns job learned compute cost merchandise sold business period learned cost merchandise sold shown income statement
private employment agencies remember private employment agencies charge fee getting job fees average salary paid soon accept job private employment agency asked sign contract promise pay fee agency finds job employment agency treat fairly ask questions fee sign contract questions ask fee pay fee part fee pay job leave short part fee pay leave job fault find job opportunity interests apply immediately let employer interest step applying jobs write letter application study want ad letter application page steps follow write letter application step write home address date examine egan letter upper hand corner letter egan typed home address date step address letter employer look want ad page includes words write box employers ask written letters application letters newspaper ad appears newspaper assigns box number employer collects letters application box number newspaper
showing empathy means placing mentally person position receive letters write person receives letter view differently person writes write letter put reader place language tactful considerate reveals nature reader remember message meets objectives reader writer readers expect letter memo logical helpful sincere courteous letters negative information meet qualifications writing viewpoint reader called attitude attitude misinterpreted mean pronoun frequently pronoun rarely overuse pronoun makes writer centered attitude sincere honest manner showing respect genuine concern reader important choice pronouns compare sentences complete report monday want report monday complete message essentially sentences tone thank words concept courtesy thank expression thank advance assumes person ask implies want bother thanking granted request
clarity achieved message presented reader interprets message writer intended message interpreted clarity important written communications feedback conversation individual understand message asks clarification discussion nonverbal responses generally give sender indication message interpreted manner intended writer hand present message read written communications express writer message clearly important remember objective writing write express idea message rarely write simply impress reader vocabulary key factor influencing clarity level reader words syllables difficult words case satisfaction word think difficult word familiar hand interface shorter word understand familiar term try read sentence students commenced interminable dissertation eccentricities professor find sentence extremely difficult read consult dictionary interpret words correctly problem sentence words unfamiliar compare sentence read noisy defiant students began discussion teacher odd behavior
improve unity limit number sentences paragraph longer paragraph likely sentences stray main topic coherence means ideas linked logical fashion transition idea smooth free flowing develop coherence transitional words link ideas frequently transitional words likewise addition subsequently coherence developed limiting ideas paragraph logically related repetition words link ideas emphasis effectively means important ideas stressed important ideas subordinated techniques emphasize idea mechanical techniques capital letters bold type exclamation points emphasize words sentences amount space devoted idea indication amount emphasis idea receives idea takes paragraphs develop receives emphasis idea presented short paragraphs space paragraph emphasis sentence paragraph emphatic space makes sentence stand sentence paragraphs idea deserves special emphasis sentence structure language emphasis short simple direct sentences emphatic complicated sentences specific language emphatic general language position important sentences paragraph receive emphasis topic sentence generally key positions
customer concept means customers want business wants stores open evenings weekends customers convenience restaurants separate eating areas smokers nonsmokers provided nonsmoking customers want practices inconvenient business firms customers want important business customer concept choosing product service sell company product figure sell company managers ask products making selling total company effort means parts business unfortunately companies function thought part business part record store buy cassette tape store advertised salespeople aware advertisement tape store weeks upset wasted going store misled total company effort lacking frustrated buy wanted decide store store lost customer happen satisfied customer store advertised tape regular customer marketing want business company profit difference income sales cost running business profit goal business company knows customers want managers find company satisfy wants earn profit say sales goal huge sales volume guarantee success
buying involves simply choosing needed products services means making decisions quality quantity quality necessarily highest quality furniture manufacturer high quality wood fine furniture buy homes low quality wood reinforce cartons shipping furniture stores companies buy correct quantities goods services restaurant buy meat feed expected number guests auto assembly plant sufficient tires number cars producing selling includes seeking markets making products services markets goal business sell products services automakers sell cars restaurants serve sell meals beauty salons sell hairdressing services selling essential speculative production selling goods produced ordered customers manufacturers wholesalers retailers estimate expected sales merchandise order determine quantity produced ordered manufacturers produce swimsuit lines fall winter months retail stores turn place orders swimming season starts customers want buy spring summer months manufacturer retailer estimate advance sell customers informed goods services stores accomplished means designed promote products services promotion informs customers goods services helps persuade purchase offerings promotion divided personal selling advertising visual merchandising sales promotion public relations publicity promotion discussed detail unit
history shows american economy experiences periods growth upswings times interrupted business declines roller coaster traveling track economy travels cycles fluctuations shifts impact marketing business cycle consists alternating periods expansion contraction economic activities production employment income business cycle phases prosperity recession depression recovery prosperity period high economic activity profits consumer confidence capital investment money invested business employment high interest rates low moderate levels recession marked decline level economic activity business firms begin delay expansion plans unemployment increases buying power decreases confidence economy declines consumers cut purchases major items houses cars appliances lowest level economic activity business cycle called depression unemployment number business failures high consumers unwilling unable buy products services investment low recovery business cycle phase economy moves recession depression prosperity increase business activity business firms begin invest money plants equipment hire employees consumers confident economy consumer spending especially expensive items houses cars increases banks willing loans marketing escape effects business cycle products services affected economic change ways economic declines consumers price conscious buying cars cars repaired
ways find careers marketing research marketing career options talk jobs interest alternative actually find type job interested try suited kind source information occupational outlook handbook publication compiled department labor bureau labor statistics found public school libraries school counselors offices handbook presents analysis working conditions salaries employer requirements future employment needs number marketing occupations publication simply look table contents find marketing job title interested read section covering occupation handbook section lists sources provide additional career information public libraries local job service offices school career centers information marketing careers addition professional organizations american marketing association assist persons interested marketing careers talking individuals successful career area interested informative learning marketing conversation interview place workplace person wish consult approach sure arrange appointment prepare list questions ask asking questions find kinds skills training job person job current position individual likes dislikes suggested list questions want consider
personality important choice career personality sum personal traits attitudes habits aggressive outgoing suited career marketing fields order successfully complete task ability perform task ability successful job means knowledge skill competent accomplish tasks required job ability natural acquired learned experience job gained education training marketing positions require levels ability simple entry level job involves performing routine duties bagging groceries requires minimum ability type job learned easily experience hand attracted specialized position management position marketing require additional education training experience positions licensing requirements formal education training sell real estate insurance securities pass rigorous examination order acquire license summarize alert interests personality abilities affect career choice alter plans higher education successfully follow career marketing need aware requirements job entry advancement job requirements stated terms worker competencies competencies marketing field generally fall major areas marketing competencies social skill competencies basic skill competencies product service competencies competencies relating understanding basic economic concepts involved marketing
learned chapter primary goal businesses american economy meet needs wants customers profit order business large small reach goal managers date developments field business owners managers need adequate timely information base important decisions type information required businesses called marketing information marketing information information aids transfer movement goods services producer customer obtaining marketing information essential business operate according marketing concept finding customers want providing items major component marketing concept marketing information order important marketing decisions marketing personnel need date information order routine marketing decisions simple decisions product reorder schedule working hours sales personnel require marketing information marketing personnel solve marketing problems nonrepetitive nature company planning open video rental outlet management choose location selecting location requires collection analysis information traffic patterns previous rental history number square feet required marketing information classified primary secondary primary marketing information gathered aid decision making process collected specifically enable marketing managers decision
dividing total market segments company improve understanding consumers industrial users buy products market segmentation process helps company stay abreast changing needs wants understanding meet current market demands segmentation encourages awareness buying product identifying potential buyers step planning marketing program satisfy needs television radio newspaper advertisements coordinated enable buyers selected segment recognize advertising appeals directed companies segment markets prepared assess strengths weaknesses relation competing firms instance able determine deeply company product entrenched market information company able avoid head head battle competitor marketing product segment specific market segment selected company set precise marketing objectives bicycle manufacturer design lightweight economy bicycle sale high school students marketing objective capture percent market objective achieved required marketing program price decrease increase number retail stores carrying bicycle market segmentation process divides large market segments comprised buyers similar needs characteristics buyers differ need product service characteristics information technical assistance delivery credit services consumer buys clock radio catalog set needs purchases item store catalog customers wait delivery shop leaving home
order market segments meet criteria based size responsiveness company marketing program market segment large sufficient purchasing power generate profit firm segmentation useless business earn profit serving selected market segments treat buyer segment earn profit occurs large purchases passenger airplanes heavy equipment company determine potential customers justify treating group separate market segment consumers inform company want toothpaste flavor consumers want flavor sales justify spending money develop product order profitable firm able reach selected market segment means segment accessible existing channels distribution included segment exposed advertising product service rural areas clothing needs living urban areas difficult reach rural areas usual channel distribution clothing manufacturer decide profitable sell segment compared market segments specific segment respond differently marketing product service response differ need treat separately consumers grouped segments according preference cars price ranges low price medium price premium price assume company adds low priced car line low price segment responsive members purchase car segments buy
geographic demographic factors methods dividing consumer markets segments practically factor links associates consumer purchase specific product service occupation dietary habits size household manufacturer clothes uniforms find segment markets customer occupation construction law enforcement health care professions uniform requirements processor canned vegetables decide serve segment consumers prefer salt free foods company segment market appeal weight conscious shoppers consumers supermarkets carry assortments low calorie foods segment market number persons household growing number person households created market bedroom apartments small packages food cans soup serving individual slices pie consumer market broad market industrial products services business divided segments common methods industrial market product service segmentation geographic segmentation usage segmentation products services defined precisely order segment industrial market steel manufacturer group potential buyers type steel structural steel steel plate cold finished steel bars developer computer software segment industrial users type computer microcomputer mainframe computer purchase software end considered
newspapers offer advantages medium advertisement prepared newspaper short quickly withdrawn advertiser flexibility case emergencies weather availability products retailer prepares submits advertisement shirt sale shirts arrive supplier advertisement easily postponed newspapers disadvantages advertisers disadvantage short newspaper newspaper discarded advertisements receive secondary exposure disadvantage newspapers hastily read pay attention advertisements bottom halves newspaper pages improvements equipment paper stock enhanced newspaper reproduction quality marginal compared magazine reproduction quality newspaper advertisements printed black white color newspapers magazines allow advertisers reach consumers nationwide magazines prestige newspapers published general audiences specialized audiences trend specialization content advertise magazines published solely homemakers computer users car enthusiasts stamp collectors sports fans runners campers investors group magazines doctors lawyers plumbers retail store managers interior decorators computer repair personnel restaurant owners groups professional business magazines homes businesses period discarded advertisements receive additional exposure national magazines advertising space regional advertisers
advertising budget set broken planned monthly expenditures companies base monthly advertising budgets anticipated sales volume month sales estimates based previous sales records projected increases decreases contributed percent sales expected business plan spend percent advertising budget business base monthly advertising program anticipated sales month christmas season exception monthly budgeting approach retail mail order businesses generate percent annual sales christmastime unwise spend percent advertising budget month december budget allocations vary objectives business established advertising program special holiday sales events grand openings clearance sales promotional activities impact advertising budget allocated advertising completely controllable business expense means owner manager control planning accurate record keeping amount money spent advertising means budget adjusted reason budget adjustments required response actions competitors changing economic conditions owner manager track advertising expenditures monthly tabulation record shown page completed monthly tabulation record provide information advertising account planned expenditure month actually spent planned date expenditure date amount spent
major goals public relations determine public attitude business create program help develop desired reputation public relations concerned maintaining goodwill business part groups customers employees stockholders creditors community government public relations department leading role helping local city government sponsor downtown renovation project business publicly owned owned stockholders public relations department responsible preparing annual report organizing annual stockholders meeting public relations efforts vary business public relations activities intended help business develop goodwill maintain positive image obtaining positive publicity major goals public relations program publicity advertising messages carried media newspapers radio television stations magazines publicity differs advertising business pay media carry messages publicity public relations personnel attempt distribute information positive impact company image negative publicity business article local newspaper describing lawsuit local business negative impact positive publicity generated number ways business sponsor local softball tournament owner manager volunteer lead annual united appeal campaign business enter float local fourth july parade activities newsworthy elicit positive publicity
states maintain number offices provide placement services job counseling aptitude testing persons seeking employment services free agencies deal entry level positions require minimal job skills agencies found medium sized large cities profit oriented means charge fee placement services fee paid job seeker percentage month wages earned placement employer searching uniquely qualified individual offer pay placement fee positions referred fee paid private employment agencies employment agencies offer job counseling aptitude testing friends relatives sources job information advertised unadvertised job openings friend relative able give information job advertised high schools offer type placement service students designated individual channels job announcements students register service large companies visit schools order recruit qualified job candidates full positions job opportunities high school placement offices part entry level positions cold canvassing technique finding job openings employment specific organization requires job seeker contact phone letter person large number prospective employers technique effective telephone business directories help identify types marketing businesses interested contacting
impression important interviewers hiring decisions minutes job interview friendly pleasant businesslike prepared shake hands interviewer smile say hello wait seated send personal data sheet advance give interviewer early interview interview avoid aggressive let employer control interview answers questions honest point interview stress qualifications job experience field related area sure brought discussion show interest enthusiasm job seeking demonstrate business express desire learn willingness side interview positive avoid criticizing employers workers avoid dogmatic statements offend interviewer avoid discussion personal family financial problems asking questions interview acceptable avoid asking beginning interview later interview interviewer ask questions questions prepared salary important wait interviewer brings subject prepared salary expect realistic discussing salary prior interview helpful research salary range positions similar applying local job service office teacher occupational outlook handbook provide background information
step decision making process collect analyze information facts concerning problem faulty decision making occurs worker hurry resolve problem step hastened bypassed step identify list paper potential solutions problem solutions reflect experience point view views ideas employees customers company developing solutions sure firm rules regulations policies mind fourth step decision making process weigh alternatives select solution problem choose consider solution obviously able support decision sound reasoning solution choose impact workers idea input putting effect final step decision making process implement decision idea obtain support assistance workers supervisor idea follow decision order determine solution chose follow reveals problem resolved repeat decision making process find advancement opportunities marketing business job interview interview ask questions opportunities advancement position lead promotions earned thinking promotion ask questions present job performed job duties
information appears basic forms data text images graphics voice aware examples grades recorded numbers equal points points computed determine final average data processed computer displayed graphic form letter application job careful composition words text produced word processor important medical facts stored microfilm attached tooth proper care emergency image produced advanced camera technology information text memo recorded tape transcribed secretary information exchanged voice dictation machine information processing handling data text voice images move source information knowledge sorted checked accuracy organized related known information decisions end product knowledge called knowledge workers valuable information form place information processing evolved technologies developed process information forms technology expert word processing systems developed process text form correspondence reports similarly data processing systems designed function expertly calculating merging sorting numbers information technologies developed separately language easily understood technology information entered system processed system
office automation jobs worker willing learn skills office automation affects employment requiring machine skills results changing nature jobs adding staff members clerks typists moved areas word processing operations word processing personnel common hires careers emerged vendors equipment need experts advertise products demonstrate machines potential customers sell install repair equipment train users engineers improve development equipment technical writers prepare training manuals company word processing system experts range entry level operators word processing specialists lead senior word processing specialists word processing supervisors word processing managers prefer employed perform word information processing services individuals companies addition office buildings designed provide word processing services tenants tenants volume justifies hiring personal secretary owning word processing equipment experts help determine companies needs set word processing systems consultants consulting firm business professionals field involved teaching word processing schools training users operate electronic tools industry writing textbooks speaking professional groups don occupations sound exciting rewarding knowledge word processing concepts skills limit career path lead job titles salaries expanding office automation evolves ambitious adapt changing employment market demand
important part system successful word processing systems trained staff led professional supervisor backed top management addition working relationship company vendors consultants service technicians emphasize importance note word processing failures caused human error focus briefly company word processing system chapter career opportunities word processing careers discussed detail originate text processed generally called word originators authors dictators users executive positions involve managing supervising projects word originators referred executives managers originate text manage executive titles sales representatives secretaries professional persons frequently originators professional secretarial services executives fall basic categories word processing typing tasks administrative nontyping tasks person performs typing nontyping tasks executives known multipurpose secretary generalist similar traditional secretary hand person strictly word processing administrative support tasks specialist experts operate word processors transcribe proofread word processing secretaries word processing specialists experts schedule appointments receive callers answer phone filing handle mail administrative assistants administrative support secretaries
systems put secretaries output percent accurate needed corrections final documents mailable studied methods proper potential problems ways originate text method chosen office depend amount input type documents processed desired speed turnaround organization secretarial services amount money buying equipment method word origination big impact quality speed output control important knowledge word processing concepts able influence management improve methods originating words office employee certainly understanding origination step document cycle imagine word processing specialist accounting firm expect reports prepared involve tables columns numbers annual quarterly financial statements format remains unchanged dates amounts change period accountants process documents originate document revising document printed quarter hard copy simply cross dates amounts add fill request attach top rough draft word processor prepare financial statements minimum mental physical effort quarter reset margins tabs retype text remains unchanged proofread part revise financial statement deleting moving columns text keying word processors easy steps
early word processors screens edit text understand brain logic intelligence machine worked final copy printed operator key document device keying printing function occur printing devices ball shaped elements similar ibm selectric typewriter speed words minute wam known text editing typewriters blind text editors early word processors recorded text shapes sizes magnetic media cards stored page tape cartridges stored pages cassette tapes stored pages equipment recorded text memory machine called internal memory book word processing machines divided main categories electronic typewriters dedicated word processors computers word processing software type equipment special role helping companies meet information processing goals electronic typewriter goes capabilities electronic typewriter sophisticated dedicated word processor electronic typewriter microprocessors small electronic computer chips replace percent mechanical parts electric typewriter electronic typewriters quieter electrics require service calls screen generally limited phrase line text electronic typewriters internal memory recording storage device hold lines pages models limited correction memory temporary storage area correction tape automatically lift error higher level models text memory devoted permanent storage text
study features common text processing imagine recording page manuscript trying revise pressure meeting deadline imagine prepare form letter customers features saves physical mental effort performing tasks features found word processors electronic typewriters typically features word processing software personal computers varies providing simple sophisticated features text entered word processor monitors number characters entered divides text lines word fit current line automatically moved line return key end paragraph short lines dateline letter address word wrap feature saves determine line endings paragraph word processors enable select modes function enter text manual typewriting mode machine stops nears margin let decision word division mode machine automatically brings entire word line automatic mode machine automatically divides word dictionary word processors designed decisions word division document recorded pass system rapidly scans text looking words causing average designated ragged margin system finds scanning stops allow choice hyphenating word feature helps produce margin enables hyphenate words faster typewriter
printing device converts copy recording medium printed readable form kinds printing devices computers word processors categorized ways ink transferred paper impact impact printer impact nonimpact printer characters page character serial printer line line printer page page printer character formed solid unbroken image solid full character printer cluster dots dot matrix printer professional looking letter quality print produced impact serial printer forms solid characters description printers divided categories impact versus nonimpact printers impact printer printing device stamps inks impression ribbon paper printing device ball shaped element printwheel thimble shaped element thimble series fine pins dot matrix popular impact printer letter quality text documents daisy wheel dot matrix printers high speed production rough drafts documents include graphics printing devices number print styles sizes common sizes number characters horizontal inch pitch pitch pitch proportional proportional spacing space varies according width character space proportional spacing professional appearance easier read printers produce typewriter letter quality print text printed typefaces simply exchanging
carbon copy method copies needed corrections sheet handwritten left compared options costs saves walking copier possibly waiting line carbon copy method short documents final originals file copy needed forms commonly preassembled require impact printing device nonimpact printers impression transmit carbon administrative secretaries electronic typewriters likely users carbon packs nearly office photocopying machine machines include increasing number features decreasing cost equipment nonimpact printers automatic sheet feeders large volume runs commonly type copier plain paper copier copy light reflected original drum light erases charge drum image leaves charged areas image dry toner particles carbon resin applied drum adhere image heat pressure toner particles fixed paper machine order dry toner flake smudges copy copiers require special paper plain paper accept copy sides plain paper copier professional quality copy offers advanced features office department likely plain paper copier short runs ten copies copiers small top counter located short distance user called small copiers convenience copiers
urgent distribution documents messages overnight delivery fast electronic mail methods information directly machine minutes seconds receiver satisfied screen display information receiver print hard copy paper copy forms electronic mail identified type machines services involved basic machines send documents electronically teletypewriters communicating word processors computers facsimile machine communicate electronic copier printer scanner considered electronic mail method addition experts classify voice mail form electronic mail telex telex telex ii known twx services offered western union sender types message message records storage medium sender dials number receiver message transmitted receiving terminal message printed operator present differences telex telex ii keyboard arrangement transmission speed telex systems offer advantages cost low compared electronic mail methods sender receiver written copy message companies telex links users country overseas operators trained operate special keyboard transmission speed slow usage rates costly quality type high telex systems designed short message exchanges learned earlier word processors equipped communications capability words recorded magnetic medium quickly direct dialing distance number
standards set assume production measured counting lines word processing specialist chris shin averaged lines hours week weeks data acquired ten specialists averaging number lines produced specialist average lines manager set lines standard rate production chris production rate average exceeded standard lines average production rate standard employees period measurement national standards set variables examples variables level vocabulary quality dictation type equipment company standards word processing system company production records base standards word processing systems order processing types tasks submitted tasks likely urgent letter confirming appointment week memo announcing fund raising drive involves minor revisions separated major revisions deciding order items processed called setting priorities word processing system supervisor manager word originators review kinds tasks decide order urgency submitted supervisor distributes assignments order priority mean order importance important originator company priorities processing similar shown table top priority rush requests enter system supervisor decides order priority
word processors document automatically identification number operator keys label document space label short generally ten characters systems provide space longer operator give document description title shown figure logical plan naming files established operator wants review contents disk directory library list brought screen display list printed filed disk magnetic media file disks hard disk capacity store volumes pages familiar diskettes aware hard disk design city divided blocks divided lots building numbers hard disks similar address system block disk called directory library depending vendor terminology number documents document unique label building number directory library set unique systems limited characters word processing manager develop system assigning naming directories libraries keeping records contents directories assigned accounting department begin letters represent type document lm letters memos fr financial reports directory library accounting department financial reports
training occur groups trainer trainees cases trainer instructing large group trainees setting trainer knows teach effectively professional training proper training attitudes employees machine procedures change enthusiasm frustration anger procedures manuals helpful training process designed manuals replace teacher stumbling book guessing task supposed generally results errors inefficient habits sooner trained productive job likely enjoy received adequate training word processing supervisor department store designing form letter application credit department purpose form letter request final payment customers paid partial amount accounts fulfilling payment steps follow complete letter form letter designed reference book form letters personnel credit department word processing services figure shows variable numbered identified short word key variables serves cross reference letter reference book step record document word processor department store modern simplified letter memo styles position variable inserted merged key switch code system prompts identify number variable screen word processor looks figure screen graphics vary depending software
characters transmitted coded letter number machine code line space recognized character code send telegrams text telex systems bits represent character bit abbreviation binary digit common codes word processors data processors american standard code information interchange pronounced kee sending information computers computer coding option figure shows codes speed transmission low bits high bits speed transmission called baud rate sending information set rate receiving characters signals information asynchronous communications asynchronous slow transmission method character direction faster transmission method groups characters directions type transmission compatible protocol set guidelines control exchange information central processing units accept protocol transmission place alike communicate directly alike send receive protocol converter called black box translates language machine
executive professional multifunctional device perform task simultaneously hardware includes telephone screen keyboard depending software executive offer data processing word processing electronic mail voice communication offer personal aids directory frequently names addresses phone numbers electronic file tickler file list things executive designed decision making processing text data users able access files electronic selecting menu graphic icons display icon picture display represents item file printer icons selected moving cursor mouse merely touching screen executive called integrated voice data terminal category personal computers lines executive talk associate phone edit file screen receive electronic mail message users connected computer system share identical file screen discussing item phone advancements office technology continue fast pace machines compact maintaining capabilities larger models types equipment portable devices carried home town locations unlike machines connected networks taking multifunctional features
preview information processing system action observe scenario corporation corporation preparing annual meeting meeting results sales summarized products introduced special achievements rewarded vice president marketing needs schedule planning meeting regional managers executive vice president checks schedule selects free date picking vice president pushes buttons phone access computer members learn planning conference voice mail system officers regional managers check audio learn planning conference traveling home office participant telephone microphone facsimile transceiver conference agenda products discussed person send receive illustrations specifications facsimile computer calculates sales totals region product sales representative financial statements accounting cycle prepared computer system graphic terminals convert totals meaningful charts graphs sales region shown financial status compared note trends word processors prepare drafts annual report document goes revisions final copy information comes sources machine dictation rough draft computer files scanner converts printed text rough drafts magnetic medium word processor
learning human relations participant interesting exciting activity experienced soon discover dealing effectively simple understanding basic concepts complex nuclear physics computer technology book started fascinating trip finding especially understand human relations human relations important beginning chapter helps concepts includes history development human relations read study chapter carefully complete activities end chapter activities increase preliminary understanding human relations term human relations refers relationships relationships formal informal close distant emotional unemotional kinds relationships considered employee business relationships workers supervisor customers business relationships illustrated square illus notice points square relationships groups groups relationships study human relations begin study silly say relationship oneself answer course relationship means learn accept
return normal production special meaning managers western electric plant realized experiment increase production reason increase production employees wiring department received special treatment experiment conducted special treatment received wasn special today standards days employees received special treatment part experiment result special treatment employees believed owners business cared prior experiment owners main interest employees sure worked experiment ended employees felt employers longer interested production returned level news western electric experiment spread quickly alert business owners began give employees attention recognition efforts employees asked opinions production problems employers found company goals reached easily emphasis employees thoughts feelings important western electric experiment era began management employees called human relations movement human relations movement advanced slowly western electric experiment employers aware potential employees employers began recognize employees capable eager accept responsibility wished share decision making recently employers started recognize prejudicial discrimination patterns employment women minorities handicapped older action regard groups creating environment free unfair discrimination
technical knowledge job lawyer law photographer understand cameras waitress familiar menu bus driver route drive bus technical knowledge gained studying courses course ways gaining technical knowledge learn technical skills job learn making mistakes learn observing important thing begin job technical knowledge skills succeed job knowledge knowledge means knowing workers employer knowledge help serve customers knowledge help understand ideally technical knowledge knowledge combine vehicle success wheels success vehicle technical knowledge wheels provide power want front wheels knowledge direction career determined knowledge direction move upward move horizontally move stop move downward knowledge enables find proper roads travel route success knowledge human relations getting started job depends technical knowledge success follows knowledge human relations regardless occupation able
physical health vital image easy overweight underweight poisoning bodies tobacco alcohol drugs remarkable thing physical health visible saying bright eyes bushy tail rings true physical health look lots energy fun businesses organizations recognize importance physical health employees encouraged exercise eat properly demonstrate healthy employees companies provide exercise facilities workouts lunch period participate corporate track events local regional national levels sponsor road running events charity offer diet counseling restrict smoking specific areas buildings addition company health insurance plans generally treat alcohol drug addiction medical problem means individual counseling rehabilitation costs covered insurance illness surgery expenses health clearly recognized business practices exercise diet ways maintain health regular physical activity proper eating habits won guarantee clean bill health jogging enthusiasts health food fans share illnesses illnesses manner approach activities eating habits doctors study chronic illnesses believe percent illnesses stress related means things sleeping problems peptic ulcers migraine headaches related stress indigestion bodies respond everyday stresses
large insurance company wanted increase sales conducted expensive consuming study find sales related type salesperson executives company wondered pushy hard sell type successful soft sell type looking outgoing person produce sales average looking quiet person find answers questions test top insurance salespersons company results study showed fast talking hard hitting person sells insurance slow talking easy going person average looking person sells insurance looking person words type salesperson sold insurance types salespersons study concluded single factor related sales effective salespersons company genuine reflected personalities knew abilities salespersons try horizontal line illus vertical line illus show parts test insurance salespersons lines divided equal parts read illustrations try test putting section horizontal line vertical line believe assertive place farthest section horizontal line illus believe informal place lowest section vertical line illus
sections chapter understanding helped answer questions important section help answer final question going successful successful businesses going setting goals goal objective plan achieve purpose direction goal school earn letter varsity team goal high efficiency ratings supervisor kinds goals according span plan achieve short term goals term goals short term goal set week month objective accomplish considered short term goal short term goal grade course full job summer term goals achieve short term goals objective takes accomplish term goal term goal graduate community college assistant store manager short term goals help ahead things set goals company profit goals businesses set goals ahead month businesses set short term goals help reach term goals
reasons paid jobs volunteer organizations home unpaid jobs definition job believe important important means job helps develop deliver product service part definition job liking implies liked certainly necessarily human relations important ability workers difference unemployed employed person study reasons leave lose jobs found main reason worker job main reason hard getting workers future employee organization important skills learn employees learn workers employee kind job accepted job employees means worker listen talk welcome organization accepted step getting environment
territorial rights seniority established period rights person controls area territory territory controlled person generally expected respect wishes person restaurant business unwritten rule involving territorial rights waiters waitresses wait customers designated areas important territory situation major department stores begun policy salespeople expected sell departments stores strictly defined areas salesperson lingerie department welcomed sportswear department territorial rights hard understand help understand rights think territory consider room special chest drawers special chair uncomfortable takes area areas remembering feeling help respect territories job help promote human relations important unwritten rules considerate considerate means things mean helping suddenly busy mean helping lift heavy box mean asking permission worker tool considerate includes thinking act considerate find order important share
recognized money important reason demonstrated workers company hundred assembly line workers supervisors asked important responses recognition money advancement promotion means responsibility ways advancement means getting recognition money order promoted recognized job promoted money personal satisfaction result enjoying feeling inside sense pride accomplishment special feeling present job rarely feeling jobs don dislike job individuals getting ahead unlikely happen wrong getting workers earning money receiving recognition achieving personal satisfaction want recognition badly forget human relations simply learned ahead getting employees don care learned ahead problems helen promotion case point helen wanted assistant manager small printing shop thought chance promotion manager complimented times vincent rose likely rivals job
industriousness means hard necessarily mean physically tiring labor industriousness means diligent duties paid possibly industrious person loaf daydream spend large amounts nonproductive industrious employees try accomplish assigned prescribed productively occupied hours hard reward satisfied feeling finished task completed rewarding experience hard employee soon rewarded employer employers quick note employees hard working productive industrious workers rewarded pay promotions special privileges premature context discuss career development setting pointed development desirable employee traits important step course employers employees skills range keyboarding piano playing want appreciate foregoing traits develop possess career successful employee summary company hires person expects person contribute success growth company employees contribute employer success growth developing competence loyalty trustworthiness honesty responsibility industriousness employee possesses desirable traits enjoy working relationship employer employer main jobs manage
study human relations reasons helpful assume role employer help understand human relations management employer point view helpful assume role employer someday employer pretend moment owner small business totally position think position ask questions governs relationships employees kind employee behavior owner manager company responsible things company maintains reputation honesty quality company promptly pay debts earn profit needs remain terms suppliers needs remain terms firms community accurate financial records company company premises neat clean safe customers employees employer responsibilities ultimate responsibility successfully running organization rests owner manager person organization works works carry responsibility duties involved running organization person delegation duties takes place means employer manager assigns responsibilities duties employees larger organization duties delegated
business important component business customers getting customers important business learning understand relate customers business skill give multiple rewards businesses learned exist profit create service add sell money paid persons businesses sell goods services generally called customers term customers applied kinds persons customer child buying toy parent buying insurance policy purchasing agent buying bus city customer person buying theater ticket getting haircut woman buying tennis racket customer need buy business fill need fairly idea customers important businesses happens business buys customers businesses couldn exist customers pay expenses business money customers spend cases money left costs business paid company money left profit business saying quoted means business succeed earns profit important elements business customers contribute profits
illus shows upside triangle amount authority responsibility held organization small area lower tip triangle represents small amount authority responsibility notice area larger goes tip means higher organization larger amounts authority responsibility formal organization lines communication follow lines organizational chart store manager illus decides change sales policy notice policy change flow words official communication comes employee supervisor official communication top includes messages matters company policy hiring employee termination transfer employees working hours working schedules sales goals employee evaluations pay raises promotions workers tell communication hear message supervisor writing communication official official communications flow upward idea design sales window display idea communicated upward beginning salesperson supervisor salesperson directly department manager higher command break flow communication result leaving important persons upward flow downward flow step step
informal organization refers groups established members groups common members group common social background age bracket religion informal groups formal authority informal organization composed groups system informal communication informal system effectively formal unofficial system communication provided informal groups grapevine term grapevine dates civil war united states secret messages telegraph line line strung trees bushes vine today term grapevine includes forms unofficial communication unlike official communication messages grapevine follow lines organization chart illus shows partial organization chart solid lines represent official lines communication broken lines represent path unofficial communication look chart unofficial lines communication read paragraph explains took place ruth overheard store manager sales manager talking changing store hours store manager thinking keeping store open thursday evenings ruth told jake overheard lunch jake passed message lynn lynn told salespersons women clothing department result wally asked linda thursday night
morning dean workers arrived store ready inventory dressed casually purpose regular workdays wore dress shirts neckties surprise dean workers found store inventory evening dean workers home change clothes dean felt terrible course caused problems workers dean drive home change clothes took wasted energy dean felt trouble store manager naturally workers upset store manager upset store lost sales employees hour dean created human relations problem assuming grapevine message heard accurate truth store manager secretary omitted small important detail message taking inventory held night message complete secretary message percent percent message left grapevine bad reputation spread rumors rumor widely spread story based incomplete information rumors true false rumors formula formula states rumor depends factors interest clarity factor amount interest person rumor rumor employee marrying boss interest employees
suspected young boy realize pa lunatic wasn raving fall dumps barely answer spoke meals single minded animal filling belly religion barber afterward cut hair kids tell spirit scaring experience holler jump piece neck flesh scissor soon hair pa making saloon true movement afoot regular preachers run town stealing congregation middle aged women prefer ordinary kind christianity forbids suddenly decided utah mormon things liked mormon idea entitled number wives point cussing chewing pa freedom type wasn interested additional wife liked principle ma didn mind tiny woman round innocent face faintly freckled pa excited wasn going preach steam undress sit barrel half scrub brush calmed fifteen minutes
caroline taste romance gift jumping conclusions inherited pa trailing lodge skins prairie terrible chief thought reparation speeches stops protest injustice hounding coyotes follow miles caroline stared love poor indian interpreted look ruthless extortion later grew greatly fond lodge skins bad luck human known red white beat making likable say understood situation caroline considerably chief looked upkeep foreseeable future decided demons waiting dark steal wits head riding muttered prayers incantations bring bad medicine ran luck saw animal brothers assisted magic rattlesnake prairie dog jackrabbit grudge standing prairie fire camp exhorting burn hares homes turning lodges coming close tepee skins scorched incident rabbits knew encountering stand enormous hind legs say think bad thoughts
younger bear eleven age advanced true profession big tall fellow walked chest arched say fight killed knew boxing ignorance responsibility big shrewd days dependent boys lend bow arrows type stick ran legs pony war games younger bear direction ride horse leaving girls littler kids supposed babies play camp boys habit started call antelope girl helping dismantle toy tepees women sun dance adult pursuit children mimicked play camp boys drive thorns flesh tie strings drag prairie dog coyote skulls desperate try early age worked proposition white redskin savage wits centuries earlier indians learned move heavy objects rolling logs lived cut cross section logs wheel invincible ignorance whichever barbarous
sir interesting big camp activities pretty soon held sun dance days highly elaborate doings wouldn mean individual persuasion reaffirmed human beings sense superiority believed close competition tortures younger bear distinguished course ripped pegs chest fifteen minutes attached hooked places hung rawhide lines night upper body open sore didn treat salve mud strutted blood drying call typical cheyenne talk going wipe whites ceremony fitted began break camp move purpose trouble climax fight indians war didn pleasure tangling white nasty business won bands traveled individually distance formed general movements northward south tribe divided larger segment roamed separate parts platte hung fort william bent trader purgatory arkansas rivers southern colorado
breakfast lucy fry eggs mass potatoes steak size giant hands put washed belly couple quarts coffee deliver griddle cakes ten twelve surmounted hunk butter big apple dripping molasses lunch eat entire chickens stuffing potatoes couple vegetables pieces bread half pie swimming cream afternoon calls sick parishioners wouldn weather couldn enormous hunk cake dozen cookies coffee tea supper drink bowl soup broke bread solid liquid platter fish huge roast beef single handed reduce bone mrs maybe slice mountain potatoes swamp greens boiled turnips black eye peas steamed carrots cups coffee pounds pudding pie left lunch drive home gluttony neatest eater seen wouldn put finger type food bread rest knife fork nicely woman needlework plate shone fresh washed bones left rose polished stack extra bowl lucy lay purpose
dirty tales true false re wistful reckon luke talked convinced experience consisted solely playing point idiocy nonetheless mrs asked glass buttermilk says showed tired says yes took kitchen staring soon head turned pretty jealous rotten looking kid male sex mrs knowed couldn help reminding woman don mean thing naked eye downright cool acted standing horse manure ten feet location drunk gallon luke upstairs forgot cap licking thick lips guess reasonable account margin buttermilk knife pillow remember vowing reference mrs cut black heart tell pa going die beating give hard feelings feet whore mrs lizzie
troops west continued east reckon wasn later hour met fording shallow creek hauling slope holding gus partway window watch water drops spinning rear wheels heard olga whimper turned seen pink face chalk sky blue eyes looked ahead fifty riders view northward bluffs indians tell cheyenne gus saw minute begun burble happily clapping small hands giving ma rode shortly gained crest slope moving rolling prairie started run clear winter afternoon chill air streaming side curtains fetched pistol range idiot riding guard top immediately pieces commenced discharge shotgun purpose closest indian quarter mile finally scatter weapon run shells reason shotgun chance hit target rifle revolver moving stagecoach flung target idea situation throwing dried pea jumping grasshopper running top speed advantage indians find easier pick coach
soon pinned thighs steel pincers forty pony riding yearned knife plunge free compression caught exhale vision turning black lifted high blade green river butcher weapon guard won forget slightest property hole sprung beneath chin blood begun burble swallowed rid bone stuck throat hear shot shoulder jerked pushed shot dropped knife leaned fluid running neck eyes open pushed chest bending rubber waist legs locked ribs killing locking hands kind sledge smote navel thigh grip loosened toy hit spring leaped pawnee mad bear bank pulling muzzle spencer inch shadow forehead gave shot middle eye shortly ripped hair parted smirked tore shadow wiped scalp dead private parts saying victorious pawnee saved sure reckon knew younger bear felt wasn grateful shadow comes sight took raid older brother uncle
tell black kettle attended conference familiar kind treaties touches pen sand creek lost family friends vision eyes clearly interest want stay south urge join main body southern cheyenne family alive couldn couldn weakness indian concerned says understand don powder river suggested wouldn sand creek tell says lodge skins prefer powder river country born rosebud creek medicine works half strength shell river called platte americans trappers care country human beings stay bothered white exactly point says wondering devil lost wits sight yes chief greatest warriors face earth avoid danger rabbit let drive land killed buffalo pawnee eighty summers human wished tried stop rubbed killed
conversation point expect army edged proceeded campground going custer locate arousing suspicion easy hundred soldiers present tall head cheyenne captives area couple small fires silent blanket rolls earth children wrapped mothers keeps redskin sleep ways ponies herded wide separation cavalry horses indian animals nervous scout bivouac spread lighted enormous cottonwood fires cold tired hungry slaughter managed fifty indians tribe whipped tricked anyway fought night custer pulled guards active enemy lurked area process elimination found officers fire base knoll general wasn top slight eminence blaze seated ground alongside writing yellow light occasionally striker orderly servant put log flames detail poor devils cutting wood timber night hauling camp
kansas city place lived thirteen residing situation maintain forever thought going riding street didn stomach tell love mrs ardently battles wives real tragedy opposed subject mind news custer departure felt let despondent bereft left missouri naturally mood thought mrs inevitable custer west kill swore mechanically didn hopes central plains cleaned summer washita battle troops general cart whipped cheyenne dog soldier band summit springs killing chief tall bull end human beings kansas colorado met wild bill hickok knowing profession inquired custer fellow pointed wild bill scout general heard hickok celebrity market square recall showing fellows pair ivory handled revolvers give senator guided prairie tour
bill played doggedly breakfast range queer look took pot evening left till walked saloon meet street continued leave display termed bad feeling suspicion spite envy shooting lessons figure served exercise pride reminding directly poker session lost pre eminent game chance stakes death shooting dimes corks overlook similar diameter human eye believe wild bill hickok faced looked opponent eye cork getting real weapon inanimate objects fast speed lesser concern accuracy bill mattered putting bullet wanted seen fast fire shots slow missed laggard struck quick dead center course says personality fast slow perfect shot occasion killed died according close achieving arriving decision fire mind blank body pistol merged instrument single job gun growed hand finger spat lead smoke
left breed pride involved guess sight connected portion blood going death yards sudden effort wheeled horse join galloping custer ahead flat narrowed form steep gorge sides perpendicular coulee drained high ground spring thaws rains couldn found congenial place cavalry worth damn room maneuver pointed says wearing buckskin broad brimmed hat black hair wore crow gewgaws bear claw necklace medicine charm tied left ear custer curious look home says lifts glittering black eyes sun face brown hide speak reckon bidding goodbye fire sky indian fashion ready die white entered gorge fast trot troops formation column fours brother boston join rear pack train suspect kin wanted stay health action custer denied clan company seventh rode matched mounts tom custer troop sorrels troop gray horses commands fine bay animals
flames fire center lodge course door flap pulled glow bigger blaze shadows moving bodies silhouettes legs goes dance says familiar voice nearby stay lodge skins sat buffalo robe taking fire shine walnut visage want eat says struggled sitting position feeling sack loose meal tested fingers stricken portions left shoulder tied leather moss stuff sweetish odor felt raw mud cheek wound head ached awful skull didn break feel finally says grandfather expect son answers lodge skins want smoke says guess dead reaches pokes finger hard horn says spirit hand arm smoke fact talking wouldn difference spoke lot deceased humans animals asked human beings lakota rubbed soldiers ridge says lodge skins sun showed horizon hand looked thirty clock
later heart think human beings badly whipped general mackenzie fall remnants surrendered spring reservation indian territory ague damn starved broke women children fought north hundreds mile attack distance threadbare hungry armed bows rifles took reckon subject manliness comes say cheyenne finally government understood exterminated let stay country born agency established tongue river northern cheyenne live lot agony conclusion don bear survived happy big win course wouldn indians traveled separate numbered twenty odd lodges chief didn friends died thirty age felt ways older end style living lodge skins seen custer ridge battle
parents decided put end calamitous marriage father shipped home mother porter charged welfare train arizona tickets pinned brother inside coat pocket don remember trip reached segregated southern part journey things looked negro passengers traveled loaded lunch boxes felt sorry poor motherless darlings plied cold fried chicken potato salad later discovered united states crossed thousands times frightened black children traveling newly affluent parents northern cities grandmothers southern towns urban north economic promises town reacted inhabitants reacted things coming regarded caution seen harmless children closed real mother embraces stranger child warmly familiarly lived grandmother uncle rear store spoken capital owned twenty early century momma soon stopped calling grandmother sold lunches lumberyard east stamps cotton gin west stamps crisp meat pies cool lemonade joined miraculous ability places assured business success mobile lunch counter set stand points fiscal interest supplied workers needs
lived big rambling house store tall broad eaten flesh shoulders knowing gotten high stomach hands feet negro knew school principal visiting teachers wore matching pants jackets learned clothes sold called suits remember thinking bright look manly threatening women laughed seldom smiled credit fact liked talk uncle willie church bailey thought proved courageous person grow able stare religion especially living door woman momma watched excitement expecting tired disappointed disenchanted perch age simple uninteresting sold patent medicine tonics sophisticated towns villages surrounding metropolis stamps understanding grandmother obvious chased land summer late sunshine sat chinaberry tree yard surrounded bitter aroma fruit lulled drone flies fed berries sat slotted swing porch rocking brown piece wide panama nodding whir insects
looked momma direction excellent job sagging waist waist pulling top oak tree road began moan hymn maybe moan tune slow meter strange moaning didn look children reached halfway hill halfway store turning sister inside wanted beg momma don wait inside store bedroom let wait frighten re handle course couldn say stood screen door girls porch heard laughter crackling popping pine logs cooking stove suppose lifelong paranoia born cold molasses slow minutes finally stand ground front momma pretended seriousness wrapped arm crook left pushed mouth started hum realized aping grandmother naw helen standing lifted chest folded arms mocked strange carriage annie henderson laughed naw mouth thought rifle door knew able hold straight sawed shotgun stayed loaded fired night locked trunk uncle willie key chain
grandmother baxter octoroon case nearly white raised german family cairo illinois st louis turn century study nursing working homer phillips hospital met married grandfather baxter white features loosely called negroid black spoke throaty german accent death choppy spouting speech west indians marriage happy grandfather famous saying caused pride family bah jesus live wife children dog took extreme care prove true taking word family face contradictory evidence negro section st louis mid thirties finesse gold rush town prohibition gambling related vocations obviously practiced hard believe law bailey newcomers quickly told schoolmates street corners passed sure names wild west books hard hitting jimmy gun sweet poker pete prove hung front saloons cowboys met numbers runners gamblers lottery takers whiskey salesmen loud streets orderly living room returned school sitting hats hands arrival big city waited silently grandmother baxter
late spring saturday chores stamps bailey going play baseball library freeman bailey downstairs milk house mother brought milk morning bailey straightened living room bedroom door open knew home night gave money rushed store house putting milk icebox turned reached front door heard sitting big chair radio didn think holding close pants open thing standing britches sir freeman started didn want touch mushy hard thing didn need hold grabbed arm pulled legs face looked kind didn smile blink eyes reach left hand turn radio looking noise music static gonna hurt liked didn didn want admit fact liked holding liked smell hard heart beating face face mean natives phantom beat
softly discussing church program poor wiped hands softly asked policeman dropped say kicked death grandmother color rose tom thanks telling poor maybe mad dog glass lemonade beer looked harmless knew dreadful angel counting sins thanks mrs baxter duty gotta getting tell ma beer remind save kraut recording angel dead lied balance lie surely wouldn worth bailey explained didn dare ask obviously forfeited place heaven forever doll ripped pieces ages ago christ turned satan wouldn turn feel flowing body waiting pent rush tongue tried open mouth clamped teeth shut hold escaped wouldn flood innocent grandmother baxter junior didn hear thing want hear situation evil mentioned house mean kitchen apple celebration
soft dark cotton truck spilled pickers roared yard sound giant workers stepped circles seconds found unexpectedly unfamiliar place minds sagged store faces painful watch choice tried smile carry tiredness body help mind attempt disguise shoulders drooped laughed put hands hips show palms slipped thighs pants waxed evening sister henderson started huh yes sir brother stewart started bless lord momma smallest achievement granted history future threatened extinction considered divine intervention able live find interesting meanest poorest existence attributed god human beings affluent living standard style begin ascend material scale god descends scale responsibility commensurate speed credit yes ma blessed lord overalls shirts torn purpose cotton lint dust hair gave appearance turned gray past hours women feet swollen fill discarded shoes wore washed arms dislodge dirt splinters accrued part pickings
apprehensive mood shot shafts gaiety black sky streaked lightning worried bout fight joe gonna whip cracker open season whip till white boy call momma talking finished string songs razor blades fight began quick jab head store crowd grunted left head left listeners cackled hen quieted re clench louis trying fight bitter comedian porch white don mind hugging betcha referee moving break louis finally pushed uppercut chin hanging backing louis catches short left jaw tide murmuring assent poured doors yard left left louis saving mutter store grown baby roar pierced clang bell announcer bell round ladies gentlemen pushed store wondered announcer gave thought fact addressing ladies gentlemen negroes sat sweating praying glued master voice calls colas dr peppers hire root beer real festivities begin fight christian ladies taught children tried practice turning cheek buy soft drinks brown bomber victory bloody order peanut patties baby ruths
school girl barely knew scarcely spoken brought note intricate fold love note sure wrong person insisted picking paper loose confessed frightened suppose funny suppose paper show hideous beast word written children claimed stuck fortunately permission toilet job reeking gloom read pulled mind tommy finally face dragged memory nice looking brown skinned boy lived pond soon pinned began wonder joke tommy boy remembered sober person student wasn joke evil dirty things mind questions fell army retreat haste dig cover protect flanks don let enemy close gap valentine anyway starting throw paper foul smelling hole thought louise show folded paper original creases class lunch period run store wait customers note sock momma looked feared church gaze turned ray vision note read message interpret
proud gift soft leather bound copy collection poems edgar allen poe bailey called turned lee walked garden rows cool dirt toes reciting beautifully sad lines momma sunday breakfast friday finished blessing opened eyes find watch plate dream smoothly credit didn reminded scolded evening jittery attend chores bailey volunteered bath days sign store turned lights momma hung cardboard doorknob read clearly closed graduation dress fitted perfectly looked sunbeam hill going school bailey walked uncle willie muttered wanted walk ahead embarrassed walk slowly bailey let ladies walk bring rear laughed nicely children dashed dark fireflies crepe paper dresses butterfly wings running heard rip dryly uh uh school blazed gaiety windows cold unfriendly lower hill sense ill fated timing crept momma reached hand drifted bailey uncle willie possibly slow jokes feet getting cold tugged strange building front steps assurance fellow greats graduating class
reached pond pain aura feet crossing bridge country pieces sanity pushed forward stop moaning start walking straight white towel drawn chin tied head arranged dying style dying took place part town side bridge ache lessen blew cushioned neighborhood including jaw gravel road smoother stones smaller tree branches hung path nearly covered pain didn diminish familiar strange sights hypnotized believing head continued throb measured insistence bass drum toothache pass hear songs prisoners blues laughter changed mouthful angry tooth roots meet wagonload children endure idiotic feel important building housed dentist office ran small path servants tradespeople catered butcher stamp restaurant momma lane backstairs dentist lincoln office sun bright gave hard reality climbed steps floor momma knocked door young white girl opened show surprise seeing momma wanted dentist lincoln tell annie
intensity young live demands blank didn actually think facing mother journey going california oranges sunshine movie stars earthquakes finally realized mother guilt missed friend wondered freeman mentioned expected say situation certainly couldn ask momma bailey zillion miles agony wonder fuzzy seats hard soured boiled eggs looked momma big black fashioned saw towns waved passengers train achieved kinfolk relationship disappeared common strangeness unprepared meet mother sinner reluctant meet maker soon stood smaller memory glorious recall wore light tan suede suit shoes match mannish hat feather band patted face gloved hands mouth white teeth shining black eyes emerged dip beige bath picture mother momma embracing train platform darkly retained coating embarrassment maturity mother blithe chick nuzzling large solid dark hen sounds rich harmony momma deep slow voice lay mother rapid peeps chirps stones rushing water
later room dungeon appeal tomb going impossible stay leaving held attraction running home mexico dull story month car lot need change bulldozed road center mind answer collision mother wouldn difficult convince school ahead grade mother firm believer fact pleased think gumption character liked speak original girl settled getting job remained decide kind job fitted intellectual pride selecting typing shorthand filing subjects school office ruled war plants shipyards demanded birth certificates mine reveal fifteen ineligible paying defense jobs women replaced streetcars conductors motormen thought sailing hills san francisco dark blue uniform money changer belt caught fancy mother easy anticipated moving fast money dying guam germany hordes strangers friends overnight cheap death entirely free
loneliness introduction thought pornograpy months book treat threat allowed mysterious pervert stimulated libido told educational informed difficulties secret pervert didn course ruled jolly stayed house cooked whopping course dinners perspiration paths faces accepted accepted knew laughter real lives cheerful comedies interrupted costume freshening true freaks women lovers captured strained imagination according book disowned families snubbed friends ostracized society bitter punishment inflicted physical condition control reading loneliness bleeding heart downtrodden misunderstood lesbians thought lesbian synonymous wasn actively aching pitiful wondering managed simpler body functions choice organs alternate play favorites tried imagine love pondered confused ordinary complicate matters point giving idea making love
days stood san francisco summer school class mission high school received diploma evening bosom dear family home uncoiled fearful secret brave gesture left note daddy bed read dear parents sorry bring disgrace family pregnant marguerite confusion ensued explained stepfather expected deliver baby weeks reminiscent moliere comedy funny later daddy told mother weeks mother regarding woman indignantly weeks accepted fact told found nearly impossible believe carried baby months week wiser mother asked boy told recalled faintly want marry want marry father stopped speaking fourth month ruining lives overt subtle condemnation vivian baxter jackson hoping prepared worst daddy assured worry women pregnant eve ate apple waitresses buy maternity dresses weeks whirled city going doctors taking vitamin shots pills buying clothes baby rare moments enjoying imminent blessed event
animals plants living things animals plants ways animals move animals eat food breathe air drink water living things animals animals animals young young grow young change grow young animals change change young animals change young birds chicks chicks hatch eggs animals hatch eggs chicks change hatch chicks change grow chickens find youngest chick find older chicks older young animals look parents young change grow bigger young snakes look parents move older snakes eat kinds food young animals look parents young animals change ways animals born eyes closed eyes open grow older young animals born hair fur warm kitten change grows field mice change grow birds hatched eggs young birds live nest look soft feathers soft feathers called birds grow feathers parents young animals move walk run
animals change times grow frogs change times start eggs frog eggs eggs young frogs hatch eggs young frogs called tadpoles tadpoles look parents tadpole grows live move tadpole frog frogs live water land swim hop look frog feet feet swim legs hop animal times grows starts egg egg hatches caterpillar caterpillar young moth butterfly caterpillar young moth eats lots leaves grows bigger bigger caterpillar spins cocoon caterpillar lives inside cocoon comes cocoon animal changed animals care young young need care grow change need food need warm young animals need protected young animals need lion cub young lion cub care mother lion protect warm mother lion called lioness feeds cub milk young later show cub find food lioness washing cub
look bells big bell makes low sound bell makes high sound sounds high low high low sounds high low sounds sing boy making sounds glasses water glass water makes lowest sound glass makes highest sound think vibrates high low sounds mockingbird sings pretty song bird sings night mockingbirds sing birds mockingbirds copy bird songs copy sounds mockingbird chirp cricket bark dog croak frog meow cat creak door whistle sound mockingbird sounds doorbell car horn pictures show objects sounds tell sounds sounds hear sounds sounds pleasant pleasant sounds feel pleasant sounds hear sounds look girl hold hands ears hear loud sounds loud sounds hurt ears picture works loud sounds wear ears
teeth need care clean help clean teeth brush brush teeth eating times brush teeth clean teeth help care teeth learn move ways grow ways children learning move learn ways learning move move learn grow change learn read write learn numbers learn talk learn learn things children want learn grow change healthy healthy feel learning easier healthy help stay healthy grow change learning things learning things help healthy stay healthy want learn grow older health teacher help stay healthy health teacher helps students learn foods teaches clean helps students find ways think clearly students learn
heat energy heat energy objects feel warm feel heat energy sun sun warms earth heat added earth happen earth heat living things need heat energy heat energy sun feel animals feel fire makes heat energy careful fire tell fire helpful heat energy fire cook food heat energy warm heat energy fire objects heat energy heat energy heat energy hotter objects objects heat energy hands warmer rub heat energy temperature hands goes temperature measure warm find temperature object thermometer thermometer measures cold hot object kinds thermometers kind glass tube numbers liquid tube heat energy liquid move tube liquid moves heat energy liquid moves heat energy read temperatures thermometers temperatures pictures
heat energy feel light energy light energy comes sun light energy sun sun lights earth objects light tunnel light energy comes light bulbs light ways light light bulbs play read write dark tell light bulbs home tell school light energy fire light fire bright light fire alive light firefly firefly fly beetle firefly looks flash light night fire glows flash fire turns light bulb children watch fireflies summer nights children call beetles lightning bugs call pig bright light light pig easy pig bright light easy pig dark pigs light energy light energy
plants grow grow cold places plants grow hot plants grow wet places plants grow dry plants grow school plants live grass ivy plants live plants live trees live grow tree left oldest earth think plants live short live weeks plants pictures grow weeks plants live cold sprout air ground warm sprout means plant begins grow think plants small plants change seasons seasons units tell season live season picture tell plants change plants change season called spring plants change spring air ground warm hours sunlight plants need sunlight warm temperatures grow kinds seeds bulbs sprout spring seeds bulbs grow young plants young plants look
find buds plants spring buds grow bigger open buds open leaves leaves light green yellow small leaves grow bigger turn dark green buds open flowers flowers colors buds find tell grows bud plants change summer summer season follows spring summer plants grow bigger plants grow leaves plants grow flowers bright colors plants grow fruits summer eat kinds fruits fruits eat summer plant parts eat summer autumn season follows summer plants change season plants form seeds seeds trees change color autumn green leaves change red yellow colors leaves fell trees leaves fall leaves think fall leaves grow look yarn picture yarn yellow red yarn colors yarn colored dyes dyes plant parts roots leaves dyes flowers stems yellow dye onion skins brown dye walnuts red dye
structure building blocks structure building blocks body honeycomb structure small building blocks called cells honeybees beeswax form cells body small building blocks called cells building blocks body living matter cells body honeycomb cells tiny building blocks living matter living things cells body kinds cells kind cell special job job skin cells job bone cells scientists tool called microscope observe cells parts microscope magnifying glass object observed microscope appears times larger object cells pictures magnified times scientists study characteristics cells working large group form tissue muscle cells working form muscle tissue tissue formed cells tissues supply muscle tissue food oxygen support needs care muscle tissue free special task say tasks bodies alive divided kind tissue formed bone cells bone tissue body
boy healthy things body working facts body systems body systems working correctly healthy things body healthy care body learn body healthy form body care habits young taking care body avoid health problems later body care habits formed body needs exercise exercise activity muscles body need exercise bodies healthy young need exercise bodies grow develop correctly adults need exercise bodies condition exercise improves breathing circulation digestion muscle strength exercise sports play activities kinds exercise muscles exercised activity living things need food need food supply body needs food needed body tissues grow repaired body needs proteins fats carbohydrates vitamins minerals water food eat supply need proteins fats carbohydrates vitamins minerals water found food groups groups include milk milk products grain cereal vegetables fruit meat
animals animals alike lot animals group zoo find birds find fish need zoo map map show animals found birds found bird house birds found cage animals groups zoo grouping help find animals want kinds animals environment scientists classify animals scientists classifying group kinds animals classifying helps order makes easier identify learn animals classifying group characteristics characteristic classifying animals body part body parts animals opposite page common scientists characteristic classify animals groups characteristic backbone animals backbones called vertebrates animals backbones called invertebrates animals pictured include vertebrates invertebrates animals jellyfish clams insects examples invertebrates observed vertebrates zoos farms fish vertebrates live water cats vertebrates live land vertebrate backbone cat similar land vertebrates
told looked silly standing holly tall fourteen taller older foot maybe foot half want stretch bit holly foot gary twelve tall holly sitting bed watching glad plain beginning couldn walk room invitation beginning began stones happened coming sort beginning maybe beginning wasn ending telling wasn staying forever re dentist re sitting mouth open cotton stuck tongue dry feeling going crack drill drilling crazy hour school aunt told hour re uncomfortable re miserable wondered aunt answered spoken loud
holly large blue eyes color hair hair straight wore red checked shirt jeans looked mother kissing aunt saw face eaten bitter stuck throat gary gray eyes brown hair wore brown tortoiseshell glasses yawned bored holly gary dear mrs mallory motion hand thought going pat head ducked didn want touch sit front laurie mrs mallory smiling believe baby aunt crooning deep throat believe baby grown baby gary gary mrs mallory gary glad asked aunt showing teeth corners mouth pulled turned glad gary remember fun laurie born play games kitchen stared aunt moment felt hatred didn mallorys looking aunt knew hated hated making ashamed aunt
room beds white curtains crisscrossed windows books dolls knew holly laurie slept bedroom big double bed bathroom knew belonged mrs mallory gary put suitcase thump stopping mrs mallory asked rest minute panting sat top suitcase brand sitting wanted kick smile wait thought smiling wait tired voice sounded loud shouting turned mrs mallory softly slowly tell want ma lingered insolently ma drawing real drawl mouth twisted ma don call face puzzled expression eyes seen looked couldn remember sorry didn feel sorry sorry wasn mrs mallory door pointing room attic spare bedroom sure added flinging door open wide comfortable
stood watched walk began rake bushes raking spot knew say couldn think kid walking patch eye keeping light eye left seen left eye lazy eye blurred bumped doors didn recognize didn colors days weeks months living shadow didn patch eye doctor looked left eye shook head lazy eye stubborn foolish lazy eye wanted wouldn looked lawn small stones yellow brown black white stones winking light looked tops trees blue sky faint white vapor trail distance airplane searched sky find plane high couldn hear sound read smallest print
searching excuse leave standing front clutching rag doll trying cry nice loudly nice stay house think laurie park laurie astounded blinked tear rolled fat cheek sorrow rejection forgotten wiped hand wasn simple easy couldn wipe rubbing eyes hand show turn didn want laurie young things change didn thing things change grow wouldn young things change things change black happened saturday doorbell rang times saturday felt close laurie sunday night doors locked bolted intruders laurie inside house outsiders
want stop mrs mallory firmly insisted cheeks flushed mean want talk thought looking thinks talks thinks wouldn knew didn wiser mrs mallory older smarter experience lived fear longer took build fear big mine order born part skin hair walk talk blood mallorys known afraid learning pretending felt wasn fear listening watching sleep didn going hear didn matter knew happened ready wake turned bed part chasing dream knew slept part rigid alert eyes shut
feel strange prickling sensation shoulder blades room door led attic poltergeist asked voice sounded coming resisted impulse turn noisy ghost looked dictionary gary nervously looked dictionary holly hooted disdain laugh spell thesaurus gary looked spirit soul poltergeist found holly stamped foot saying things glared tell afraid afraid blaming blames dumb thing ghost afraid re afraid hurting precious feelings re afraid treat normal wrong yelled say prejudiced kate told marks let college brother eighty average worrying accepted skin black accepted seventy average failing
average reading didn mrs realize didn buy books order book didn need money read forever library pick choose bring armfuls books home head start aunt loved books babies touched tenderness respect remembered aunt held book hands fingers stroking binding aunt turning book hands caressing living thing enrichment materials ma aunt loved showed head start enrichment average reading skills wondered mrs grade girl looked heavy lidded dark eyes kinky black hair broad nose full lips rounded chin dimple cheek dark skin clothes beginning season worn school uniform uniform required compared measured holly knew mark mrs give knew mark give average average things girl wants needs
tuesday thanksgiving willie mae announced wouldn getting bedrooms week knew things neat thursday cooking serving big dinner grimly standing kitchen chair attacking dining room chandelier cleaning cloth re going turkey cranberry jelly sweet potatoes string beans cider pumpkin pie laurie chanted give thanks thanks don give thanks shortly don willie mae turned chair wobbled precariously leave child ordered don suppose re sweetness light holidays sarcastically cooking cleaning kitchen keeping eye minding business taking care family bit lip forgotten willie mae didn ma excuse needed money ladies favor manage ma earnestly explaining ten coming dinner break sure ma broken heart broken couldn remember holiday ma home aunt foolish cook turkey hamburgers brought chinese food home containers
waters canada crow river glistened summer sun american indian named peter lord paused admire beauty landscape exploring river bank days hoping learn americans suddenly finely carved bone caught eye reached pick lord opened chapter american history experts searching answer important question wondered lived north south america simply thousand group scientists research mexico uncovered carefully shaped stone spear points pushed date lord discovery doubled estimate lord suspected bone tool human hands age astonishing meant americans lord ancestors camped crow river questions course remained exactly arrived earlier chapter learn answers questions read lived europe thousand ago finally discover peoples continents meet read mind questions
spanish city barcelona bustles excitement flags deck streets bells ring tower seen peering windows crowding balconies rooftops amazing parade slowly makes royal palace leading parade american indians wearing beautiful gold ornaments cages filled strange birds unfamiliar animals brilliantly colored parrots large lizards stare wonder end parade marchers carry foods americas corn beans squash potatoes center celebration broad shouldered gray haired sailor march christopher columbus returned spain triumph columbus enters hall royal palace king ferdinand queen isabella greet command admiral ocean sea sit greatest honors show columbus earned praise gratitude spaniards ask columbus describe part astonishing journey news columbus voyage quickly spread europe soon explorers promised find lands visited columbus chapter learn spain france explored settled americas read mind questions europeans learn americas territories spain add possessions americas explorers find northern spain spanish ways living brought americas
massachusetts bay colony success start women children settled colony puritan non puritans hoping earn livings lead happier lives joined colony settlers owned small farms raised food clothing ocean massachusetts large supplies cod fish settlers fished living fur trappers lumberjacks colony quickly developed center trade boston seaports merchants traders started thriving businesses colonists traded fish grain fur lumber manufactured goods england help trade fishing colonists began building ships plymouth massachusetts bay colonies united form single colony called massachusetts map page virginia massachusetts royal colony puritans wanted stay church england soon formed church leaders massachusetts governor john winthrop puritan church strong puritans vote colonial officials puritans non puritans obey puritan rules behavior settlers observe sunday strict puritan meant spending reading bible attending church praying agreed puritan leaders roger williams early lived wife daughter salem north boston
reasons small group colonies win victory nation powerful britain british move troops supplies vast ocean journey british troops fight country american troops fought land knew british navy strong british troops land atlantic coast read british seized important american seaports york philadelphia savannah charleston british troops moved inland coast unable defeat americans york general burgoyne tried push thickly forested region colonists took muskets flocked join revolutionary armies burgoyne soon surrounded defeated later stage war british tried fight inland south colonists gathered rode forest destroy british forces places kings mountain guilford court house women played important part winning revolutionary war home front raised money supplies cloth army uniforms took management farms businesses husbands sons leave fight women stayed home war wives martha washington husbands army camps cooked laundry nursed sick
authors constitution left philadelphia worked method states decide accept plan government voters elect delegates special convention delegates accept reject constitution nation delegates written constitution began speak acceptance ratification called federalists meant favored strong national government federal government proposed constitution federalists included signers declaration independence played part winning revolutionary war large number professional ministers lawyers doctors joined federalists wealthy merchants owners important newspapers strongly opposed ratification constitution called federalists farmers townspeople believed constitution took power states period months newspapers york city published series articles carefully explained defended constitution james madison virginia alexander hamilton york wrote articles john jay york wrote articles called federalist papers famous writings american history special conventions began meet fall delaware led ratifying constitution december unanimous vote
hamilton part program greatly strengthened financial affairs united states government president washington firm leadership won greater respect government united states progressed home events taking place soon involve nation problems europe weeks washington inauguration revolution broke france france elected legislature speak french king held power laws directed officials carry agents collected taxes anger french king queen growing french france peasants workers lived poverty french king spent tax money family royal court french suffered greatly harsh dishonest government americans rebelled britain king george iii understand french desire government young marquis de lafayette returned france american revolution took copy declaration independence copy declaration large frame half left empty empty half hoped hang french declaration independence wait july uproar paris french capital crowds angry ran streets marched prison called bastille
hurrah andy jackson large noisy crowds washington cheer hero elected andrew jackson wanted inaugurated president morning march sunny nation capital city jammed eager spectators jackson stepped hotel mighty cheer jackson walked pennsylvania avenue capitol hill huge crowd front capitol building jackson solemnly took oath office gave inaugural address high point white house reception party parties formal events closed public reception president ordered turned jackson tremendous crowd surged unpaved streets washington women children farmers pioneers celebrate jackson victory inside white house overturned punch bowls broke windows tracked mud carpets satin covered chairs frightened senators wives tried sneak windows crowd left quick thinking servants set bowls fruit punch white house lawn jackson escaped door bed nearby hotel events shocked americans dignified presidencies past protested king mob ruled nation supporters jackson elated common president
passing slavery deeply rooted united states northerners southerners tried avoid talking subject angry debate admission missouri page successful wanted risk breaking union issue slavery americans southerners northerners believed hearts slavery wrong troubled slavery continued protection constitution united states truly free slavery existed antislavery leaders thought solution problem slavery wanted free slaves send africa leaders formed american colonization society plan set african colony slaves settle leaders american colonization society thought plan help blacks free free blacks found united states matter lived free blacks enjoy full freedom equality read suffered racial prejudice reason antislavery leaders believed free blacks want move africa leaders american colonization society asked support president james monroe monroe agreed help asked congress money buy land africa congress voted provide funds
northwest coast indians lived rugged coast stretches northern california southern alaska rain fell generously plant animal thrived rich environment indians northwest coast prospered imagine surprise early explorers saw villages indians lived planks cut majestic cedar trees indians built huge wooden houses houses stood elaborately carved totem poles pole decorated animals faces told history families poles identified family position rank tribe villages coast explorers saw oceangoing canoes canoes exceeded feet meters length carry entire war party large load cargo carvings similar totem poles decorated canoes seeing boats called pacific coast indians vikings northwest northwest coast indians varied tribe tribe lived present southern alaska famous fine blankets woven cedar bark wool mountain goats nootka vancouver island searched ocean whales sea otters chinook coast salish developed efficient traps capture salmon swam rivers spring kwakiutl indians lived canada known feasts called potlatch family give possessions including things copper shields wooden masks slaves
portugal seeks water route india middle fifteenth century portuguese found reason carrying journeys south eager spice trade asian lands europe practically fresh food milk cream fall harvest spices especially pepper cloves valuable hiding bland rancid taste foods especially meat stored spices grew grew europeans regarded necessity developed organized trade east indies city calicut india spices shipped ports eastern mediterranean muslim traders sold spices christian merchants based venice portuguese envied riches flowed hands italians hands muslims reasoned rulers portugal ships sail africa source spices bring portugal directly portuguese sail africa india john ii dispatched dias ships sail africa caught violent storm passed southwest africa dias blown course winds died discovered carried ship africa king learned news named southern tip africa cape hope high promise held eventually subjects reach india sea
attempts colonizing raleigh give tried businesspeople invest money colony return trading rights arrested accused treason later investors negotiating received king james charter license set colony america quickly organized joint stock company called virginia company king grants land virginia company group stockholders london group gave land lying parallels north latitude group called plymouth group gave land lying parallels grants overlapped degrees map page groups instructed occupy land hundred miles english settle jamestown looseness grants virginia company understanding settling america clear idea colonists living london group settlers ships carrying hundred captain christopher newport left london december expedition finally reached virginia coast loveliness scene encouraged exhausted travelers countryside strawberries ripe picked settlers ashore fifty miles upriver naming place jamestown honor sovereign
demand slaves increases response labor shortage importation african slaves slavery established virginia maryland spreading colonies black children inherited condition mothers child words free slave according mother free slave slave trading mocked high ideals colonies founded eyewitness aboard slave ship sense misery suffocation terrible tween decks height eighteen inches unfortunate slaves turn round frenzy killed hope procuring room breathe suffering slaves torment worse fact parts africa thrown trip atlantic communicate africans tried escape misery starving death aboard ships jumped overboard death rate atlantic crossing high bodies thrown overboard sharks slave ship africans survived atlantic crossing quickly hand taught tasks perform america accustomed agricultural africa indispensable colonial economy soon found america land opportunity white blacks meant giving familiar ways face future hope
jefferson introduces informal style presidency jefferson important contributions country matters style outlook jefferson chief executive shake hands washington adams merely bowed meeting informality trademark nation capital delighted amazed instance saw president taking nephew shopping buy school clothes line desire republican simplicity jefferson permit presidential birthday celebrations tell friends date birthday greeting visitors white house took account differences rank regarded persons perfectly equal foreign domestic titled untitled office federalists offended president manners political opponents declined invitations dine white house denying company talented individuals occupied presidency addition brilliant gifts writer political philosopher jefferson architect inventor surveyor mathematician student languages widower jefferson frequently called madison hostess entertaining guests devotion jefferson complete jefferson enlisted help daughters patsy polly home virginia young families husbands members house representatives lived white house congress session shared generous table jefferson spread loved food
republican split develops disappearance federalists republicans national party split factions developed parties faction consisted remained faithful views early republicans argued madison strict construction constitution economic principles fashioned older republicans continued envision america free farmers small shopkeepers independent craftworkers faction young republicans accepted idea strong national government insisted national government encourage economic development leader young republican faction henry clay clay picture mind nation bound economic ties patriotic sentiment unlike republicans foresaw country future lay west nation believed extend westward pacific southward rio grande clay saw vision realized internal improvements building roads canals financed federal money sectional differences arise groups republicans disagreed sharply political views continued call republicans result americans believed nation party fact added general feeling harmony monroe presidency idea internal improvements program young republicans causing disagreements sections
democratic advances affect americans foundations jacksonian democracy belief government belonged vote jacksonians faith sense found words poet democracy walt whitman whitman wrote noble democratic spirit accompanied frauds excesses enslaved noisy tempestuous stormy scenes politics witnessed country excitement strife behold evidence act achievements jacksonian era apply americans women played role politics expect harriet martineau english author traveled united states main feature america political non existence women women marriage yielded control property husbands women treated courtesy gallantry public show respect complete legal subordination lot black slaves numerous hope share privileges democracy free blacks vote states revolution suffrage rights gradually end jacksonian era free blacks vote maine hampshire vermont rhode island massachusetts relocation indians continues jacksonian era policy removal forced relocation indian tribes expanded intensified
party formed assumed powerful political party republicans group nothings party grew secret organization native born americans solemnly pledged vote foreign born roman catholic candidate office questioned organization members responded answer furnished party nothings attracted native born americans north south felt threatened heavy immigration ireland late page northerners considered immigrants proslavery tried break abolitionist meetings newcomers unskilled afraid compete freed blacks jobs southerners part looked immigrants antislavery force arrivals settled north candidates won offices england opposition irish strong factory towns party victories california chinese feeling ran high president millard fillmore candidate president party divided slavery question lost strength fillmore carried party soon disappeared bleeding kansas draws wide concern presidential campaign terrible things taking place kansas civil war broken tormented land
federal government sells bonds ability north thrive midst war showed strength northern economy finance war government readily sold billion dollars worth bonds daily business union congress authorized issuance paper money accepted payment debts printing press money currency issued south administration accompanied issuance heavy taxation absorbed inflation created lincoln reveals rare qualities leadership war brings developments control predicting civil war notable surprise lincoln genius leader doubted lincoln equal task saving union began appreciate unique quality mind character setting policies waste words show hand soon billy herndon law partner called shut mouthed lived lincoln acted acted decisively lincoln exercised greater power president despite growing respect earned steps took widely criticized unconstitutional justified ground rebellion created unprecedented emergency requiring extraordinary actions lincoln unhesitatingly suspended traditional civil liberties suppressing opposition military effort target southern sympathizers called peace democrats peace price
settlers endure hardships plains forced americans ingenuity muster region rainfall farmers east mississippi accustomed lacked usual building materials houses fences fences essential crops protected grazing herds sheep cattle nature harsher plains high winds fanned raging prairie fires baking sun summer fierce blizzards winter insects plagued farmers prepared invasion grasshoppers began lasted insects appeared form giant cloud descended chewed green crops left farm tools broom handles walls houses harnesses falling wells ruined water supplies greatest problems plains farmers faced loneliness farm families lived miles felt isolation keenly pleasures relieved hard drabness farm late garland wrote rural period grew midwestern farms east garland returned visit struck noticed lack color charm lives anguished wondered perceived futility woman farm remembered plight mother worn unending toil
feel wild makes feel wise knew things don magic choose stone magic choose asked picked pale green oval snatch surf turned stone foam flecks walking water ping engrossed flat oval slate subtly ringed white veins finger surface rough drag kitten tongue rings round round stone pivoted slight angle growing smaller smaller till ended disappearing smaller smaller till pff walking water oftener look grand mother brought specially pity hole wear round neck polished flat pear shape blackest black hole top smooth big ping finger lower part figured white star intricate mathematical looking curves course sky sea earth working wonderful thing
roger terror reached pitch parents took stay grandmother devon hoping change air glad pleaded left mother father took journey home month journeys lightly undertaken set intention leaving roger case dr told duties difficult rid return found green confusion dr disappeared leaving possessions books hear week roger dr word piers urgently let stand love god piers afraid dr reason feel ill born poor stupid provincial unwanted piers strong feeling scholar terrifying hollow wording message parish priest ignore infinitely inclination green found dr lamentable recognizable sleep nights end clothes torn fight
answered later stories fears lives imagine dr frighten naughty children generations heard woman ago say screaming child don stop sure echo dr witches cropping petronella put spell green noah madame magda gave maria spell sewing human hair looking glass invented early seventeenth century italy palaces big houses small pieces glass large embossed gold frames woman wanted soon houses small remember toby alexander elder brother sailor wife collected looking glasses collect china firearms pictures looking room course lot lost fire sort thing throw window hurry witch ball survived treasured possession holland persian looking glass knights hall think special caught odd ping means
hall won afraid birds nests mrs talking sleep te deums feeling annoy calls country innocence hot words threat ways entering house doors let try twirled parasol irritation spider dangling front eyes thread points watched fixedly white belly shone sun turned getting hot wish brought fan sunshade don boys feel specially hit blast air breathe pins needles anesthetics innocence voice unlike boys looked surprise punt moved silence rushes water occasional fallen leaf floated glued surface high sky lady dozing thin blue lids rounded eyes mischief faded wrinkles boys cut chatter paddled quietly responsibly presently punt passed tall tree thrush dropped fell taut parasol sound heavy drop rain
pride put chair thank perfect find fighting hypnotism tiring fighting rude persons flesh tiring nasty fantastic nap safe don want dears sharpen wits boys need later expect ping left safe hoped druid stone witch ball idea put ping melanie creature curious roof vaults sure pope cottage water pipes electricity wires ceiling workmen let spare room look round hung spare room window look tiles cottage end sprawled delicate small rose end mass traveler joy coming side wrapped st christopher felt wider support sign skylight entrance length roof times floor closet interested melanie powers fact contrived end roof nearest house
read sound sliding wall horrid pope took notice thought business silly kid stuff round chanting clear air apply high demon true secret secret names essence magic says sit night reading ten powers asked thought melanie wanted wasn interested sort scholarship think swarm woman colleges supposed think source powerful derivatives means talk kids fact think talking talked aloud ping interesting melanie lot wise desperately keen help talking garden wall happened meeting going gather night flowers suppose things garden flowers open sundown think heard jungles
ping dead pan voice laughed uncontrollably higher higher lot ready sure bring watched till sight disgusting mean book glass orchard asked firs won yes agreed stoutly hyena woman leopard woman woman beast blue bottle don words bad hate firs boldly gate wash line birds bend pass degrading gesture submission garden neglected gave impression fouled blasted bonfire middle grass giving bad smell burning surrounding hedge curled singed grass trampled flowers yard saddest part london door neighbor green endlessly varying sky
today eclipse sun total morning boys early breakfast finished bite sun disk watched perfect weather continued boys leaning top window saw sun rise clear golden sky patches trailing mist thicken low fog firs trail thinly green air sharp edge scents fresher breathe ice improves taste drinks boys omit look persian glass saw swirl mist clear glass held room white face melanie powers eyes closed teeth bared desperate grin exerting strength dead cried nostrils dead lost supreme effort crikey coming boys felt suddenly altogether disheartened dawn preparing unquestioning enthusiasm carry device lost confidence ping remarked encouragement glass appeared increasing power longer confined reflecting place hung shown melanie place
convulsion writhing form ground broke melanie lay sobbing mind refuses acknowledge stood spurned sped hidden line hedge boys gripped branches speechless fainting afraid hearts start beating melanie dragged known exposed failure cast demon lord empty powerless woman crumpled distracted ran hen finally turned magnet green hesitantly thumbs fingers stuck nervously keeping ping shaken distance mrs pope standing looking damaged wall debating possibility effect dared admit believed melanie round corner mrs found harder believe popeyed huddled woman fingers snails horns air knowing ruthless adversary supposing advanced hesitant hen steps knowing unwanted knowing rejected turned nice eclipse spoke drew leaning corner house wall raw cliff boulders slipped
hour midnight handsome weary young climbed stage campaign headquarters downtown atlanta won told supporters gathered want thank want thank kinds crowd black welfare mothers white auto assembly plant workers middle class black professionals sons daughters wealthy white georgia families roared approval helped elect andrew young black congressman deep south congressman surrounded family close friends special moment remembered bitter early days civil rights struggle blacks march demonstrate enter places front door times local sheriffs chased demonstrators vicious dogs today worked hard campaign proved south andrew jackson young jr spent nearly south born march grew colorful city orleans louisiana andrew sr dentist wife daisy taught school young family lived comfortably white middle class neighborhood boy andy sang church choir took french horn lessons worked school cleaning father office
group protestors marched slave market st augustine florida angry bystander grabbed andy beat stick policemen stood watched andy didn fight remembered teachings mohandas gandhi knew ways win struggle equality lived whites orleans studied hartford worked york andy knew white interested equality moved city city protestors andy searched understanding whites found ask support influence helping blacks jobs open whites allowed eat restaurants refused serve andy talking whites didn want ways change compromises things easier bear gradually rev king began depend andy ability handle bargaining problems settle small arguments protestors rev king appointed andy top aides chose help write voting rights act easier black vote andy part writing civil rights act easier blacks education jobs wise leader insist andy leave demonstration police appeared began arrests
jimmy carter watching andy young saw fairly andy approached problems saw easily andy gained respect worked early announced plans run president carter asked andy join strategy team andy agreed nationally known public person support candidate jokingly called jimmy heard andy help important campaign persuaded black leaders white liberals support jimmy carter worried idea southerner president advised candidate apologize words ethnic purity remark angered voters andy called carter home plains georgia asked carter speeches candidate gave andy helped carter decide support national health insurance plan easier united states afford medical care urged candidate support black majority south africa wanted freedom white ruled finally chairman democratic party voter registration drive andy skills vote blacks poor big cities knew support jimmy carter andy worked hard expected carter promises voters
anna period calisthenics liked showering dressing worrying tardy class calisthenics teachers academy notorious keeping students late wielding power school twelve students anna intellectual superiors today anna earlier usual girls previous class locker room waited impatiently place clear locker books valuables inside plump redhead period puffing room zipping pieces clothing locker anna going late class girl gasped general anna concerning problems girl lagged class anna merely considered nuisance leftover period redhead began dialing combination lock let yelp lord look forgot lock ripped door hinges anxiety unguarded possessions poked dark recesses locker searching thank god minute thought left someplace
anna knew getting apollo physical exams months allergy handled doctor complex rare occasion found rarer soon demonstration ended hurried greenwich department store feeling need security rowan company completely dependent knowledge transportation system seldom felt uneasy checked store visit anyplace getting clear matters worse saw large dog coming leash anna ducked quickly store entryway wait beast passed allergic animals frightened death dog finally disappeared inside store felt relieved immediately spotted rowan noticed strange expression face coming rooted middle aisle hurried don stand dummy let home anna crazy rowan think maybe stop silly persisted re anna hart anna zimmerman hart sister rowan quit fooling re funny
don admit wondered pressing child family days suspect couples believe felt social stigma desperately need reduce population help feel guilty cloning explain possibilities cloning open left chance duplicate kind person wished needed foiled nature stopped process evolution found ways keeping alive genetic diseases giving chance reproduce perpetuate weaknesses cloning mastering evolution don understand thing re learning body cells possibly alter message determines person inherited disease diabetes mother convincing put scientific argument thought skin crawl felt easy aspects considered technological progress progress living manufactured foods days fortunately family fared mother connections reason wondered business anna getting food asked
anna ready bed completely convinced disturbing experience afternoon flight fancy sense medication behaved ridiculously imagine fearing bedroom glanced solid furniture knew single bed doubled couch big oak desk belonged graham hart nonsense chest drawers straight chair easy chair covered plaid bedspread draperies television screen hung high wall lie bed watch mindless shows lulled sleep room functional suited anna fine chided strange scary pajamas glance window assure safe familiar fog dense shift park streetlamps allowing distant lights break sending rays blurred mist light apartment anna wondered buildings light left lights appeared vanished appeared vanished kind eerie fireworks glimpsed heavy veil
inside door find anna hurrying rowan word anna grabbed hand pulled wave stunned bye headed park pulled free anna feeling irritated big hurry looking gave quick glance inside rowan talk looked disturbed seen looked suddenly important decision hard talk mom asked dad shared confidences anna wasn sure wanted start found origin felt uncomfortable annoyed cheating visit mom wouldn understand dad sure tell crazy maybe scared remembered mother sure happen clones puberty critical experiment eyed evidence change taller thought didn mean
redhead snatched anna hastily put obviously didn believe word anna glared anna hope look anna shrugged pretending indifference girl left anna class filing anna thought meant put watch acted immediately wanted feel hesitated sure couldn control acts idea frightened consoled thought true surely learn finally decided tempted hated hated thought punishing spoil pleasure taking belonged afternoon subjected worst tortures imagine forced play tedious piano exercises assigned twenty times detested exercises stuck feeling cleansing act conscience mean rowan wondering thought trivial wristwatch caught problem monumental
silence moment mom sobbing words graham sorry guessed anna waited hear slammed front door pretend hurried room mom dad anna feel desolate rowan believed starting light bye sounded seeing casual friend turned saying don forget feed smug won don forget write won don forget return exercise books don forget write going vacation thought feeling bitter wonder didn say anna forgotten write mom dad short note saying arrived receiving treatment eating food going fine say censor allow description place mention private room days conceivable kind test physical mental according dr barrett nearly week mention sending home going die
ten days passed anna left rowan growing anxious checked dr barrett report mother saw news news father lightly lightly rowan felt family cared happening anna wondered parents glad hands mother feelings guilt father anna reminder thought betrayal excesses science rowan reminded fault concerned anna support friday word anna troubled left conservatory noon prepare play recital concert held afternoon home quick lunch shower change clothes critical anna uppermost thoughts soon finished eating called dr barrett office identified asked news anna afraid check dr barrett town today nurse monday monday meant learn anna report
thought fully accepting idea escape island undetected room told known movement rowan left free find escape impossible foolish tried run home rowan dreadful happening apparently stop suffer watching resign end mind sure painless solution soon anna zimmerman yes melancholy call foghorn thoughts na na mourn anna mom dad rowan rowan postponed play recital try rescue mourn anna sat suddenly turned bedside lamp brought present seen forgotten found flight bag dresser left took gift carefully unwrapped lifted lid outer cardboard box stare renaissance lovers
don worry hank care pretty detective partner susie sunset find wrong willie morning hank looked sneer hold kids sunset stay control hit sack hank put light counselors burned sunset private eyes decided find sunset show hammering hank knew business reps protect rain pounding put rain slicker headed sunset cabin threw pebbles wall window sunset popped screen rubbing sleep eyes jive doin rain don explained wrong funny stuff going weird noises started sunset whispered big flash white light loud bang noise stopped sunset teeth chattering knees knocking decided move morning easier deal things sun cabin met door bad news barton
cliff overlooking lake called wrong wrong wrong wrong answer echo creeps sunset cliff lake bottom started hunt found defeated attempt headed camp passed counselors bunkhouse hammering hank hollered kids looking morning trying find wrong listen don want move camp check asked found wrong mom pulled yesterday put camp sunset exclaimed asked smoky camp trying campers don guess exception hank shaking head sunset headed cabin drop crime fighter gear johnnie talking guys camp sure scary hear noises wrong disappears echo lake ghost attacks woods explained hank told feel johnnie continued talk echo lake ghosts
needed proof motive nail sunset stayed close bunkhouse signs darkness noise started sunset cool eye bad news johnnie darkness crept harder wasn till couldn anymore started spot left radio flashlight hand hear footsteps deep woods groaning voices sudden voices stopped mind reeled moved light direction sound spotted shadowy figure bending tape player johnnie ghost echo lake gotcha dude shouted took running leap tackled johnnie ground sunset hurried hank gave johnnie short lesson crime fighting tactics later johnnie confessed hammering hank timer set boom box uncle owned camp stealing campers trying help hank fit tied called johnnie uncle kicked johnnie camp crime pays sunset later case wrapped sunset fun
zoom zoom zoom motorbike roared susie sunset looked surprise steam boat louis jammed brakes screeched stop steam boat club biggest rep neighborhood steam boat looked real uptight sweat beads stood face hand shook pulled handkerchief wipe brow sunset shot quick look hey steam boat look heavy trouble re slowly trouble middle today need smart detectives help attention super sleuthing chief occupation asked sunset pulled sleeve whispered ear jive case remember class project school art show days cut sunset interrupted reputation fastest crime fighters town wrap case okay steam boat ordered spell steam boat ran facts today bad scene busybody twin cousins live robbed robbed sunset exclaimed steam boat snapped paid ten bucks build secret communication system club low robber ripped talkies
pulled trusty box camera snapped print angles idea suddenly grabbed bet sneaker print belongs rug cutter jones big dude rug cutter mighty small feet re sunset learned dance fast drag told steam boat rug cutter try trouble known rug cutter steam boat muttered playing dirty tricks remember tried frame missing sneakers heard licked block postage stamp rug cutter jones suspect find steam boat locked shed headed find rug cutter climbed fence saw girls jumping rope alley going steam boat asked doggone steam boat complained don trouble today pesty cousins chasing girls stay play told important business care sunset split nail case wasn hour call crime fighter communicators
half hour raced pad phone sunset morning sunset met school carrying jar brown paint large piece poster board re set round kids meet playground clock told don classes mind hard concentrate teacher dumb mistakes spelling test solve talkie caper clock sharp playground crowded sunset set paint poster board ground big sign help masterpiece finger footprints plan kids put prints poster board sunset compare footprints discovered crime scene gang lined put prints poster heard angry voice yelling steam boat trailed cousins happened case turkeys snapped hold steam boat sunset told don private eyes swish suddenly small figures steam boat streaked past want turn cousins cried jumped middle poster
scientists detectives essential nature creativity required solve mystery spirit biology motivation biologists problems course scientists detectives types investigators attack problems sizes detectives reserve abilities difficult cases success cracking big case depends related minor problems solved master detective relies collect clues verify facts likewise scientist relies solving problems verifying solutions problem ultimate solution part story creative interesting part occurs statement problem final solution suppose buy detective story interesting cover opening book found blank pages butler feel cheated knowing result leaves excitement intrigue investigation science similar learn products conclusions science reading facts theories understanding investigations knowing butler alexander fleming discovered penicillin facts conclusions science important interesting learn science learn creative part scientist comes makes trial solution problem
biologists say living things evolved mean organisms changed passage species living plants animals result species species died extinct continued present clues organisms earth longer exist buried remains called fossils existence nature fossils recognized scholars recorded history theory evolution attempts answer question kinds plants animals scientific theory open question testing subject change facts call change view variety biologists share view subject continuing investigation major agreements detailed differences differences involve need evidence events past living things deal evidence clarified history species living things theory evolution biologists logical classify organisms grouping yucca plant joshua tree illustrates change classification theory evolution earlier classification plants widely categories appeared structure
scientists aware basic assumptions effect interpret facts assumptions facts clouded scientific issue centuries arise nonlife early greek philosophers fueled debate observed events nature science experimentation unknown assumptions theories passing stage hypotheses tested observation consider consequences greek philosophers observed pond disappearing ponds dried ponds filled rain fishes eels organisms started anew ponds observed raindrops greeks assumed organisms formed mud pond bottoms similar events carefully recorded observation renewed earth eggs pond organisms small difficult observe microscopes unknown laboratory methods collecting organisms observing reproduction development unknown greek observers knew organisms reproduced reason believe method organisms arise reproduction explained origin today fire drought natural disasters belief spontaneous generation earth materials appeared straightforward observation observation fact
biologists fascinating molecules found living organisms today nucleic acids recent experimental evidence nucleic acids molecules exert primary control synthesis protein enzymes turn control basic processes living organisms nucleic acids form chemical link generations understand type molecule play dominant role living things scientists carefully studied structure nucleic acids learned molecules exciting discoveries biology scientists study structure action nucleic acids nucleic acids isolated white blood corpuscles fish sperm swiss biochemist friedrich remarkable series investigations began isolated substances belonged class proteins known substances cells acidic nature rich element phosphorus found cell nuclei called nucleic acids discoverer speculated cell hereditary materials plants animals protists examined soon apparent contained nucleic acids methods analyzing nucleic acids improved nucleic acids kinds organisms compared astonishment chemists biologists nucleic acids found similar forms bacteria green plants humans
living organisms able duplicate transmit characteristics traits descendants hypotheses offer explanations hypothesis suggests kind molecule cell exact copy cell division kind substance structure important present cells mean remarkable property duplication characteristic kind organic molecule cell evidence support hypothesis sugars fats proteins kinds organic molecules duplicate consider hypothesis group molecules information kinds molecules cell molecules group master library instructions synthesize kinds molecules needed kinds experiments nucleic acids master molecules nucleic acids exact copies experimental evidence supporting chapter experiments established nucleic acids carry instructions manufacture proteins cell protein synthesis basic cell constantly simultaneously making hundreds kinds proteins determine functions size shape structure cells proteins structural helping parts including membranes cells proteins regulatory hormone insulin hormones
animal cell undergoes meiosis chromosome cell seen paired chromosome regulates general characteristics chromosomes dna molecules controlling traits eye color form pair remember mitosis chromosomes duplicate meiosis pair chromosomes beginning meiosis chromatids grouping pair chromosomes form chromatids called greek word meaning form mitosis formation nuclear membrane nucleolus disappear chromosomes pair move opposite ends spindle cell divides resulting cell type chromosome remember chromosome consists chromatids joined chromatids say blue eyes cells brown meiosis cell division occurs chromatids formed division separate compare separation chromatids meiosis happens mitosis mitosis division chromatids form division separate division occurs mitosis meiosis division process chromatids form division separate division
study human chromosomes advance rapidly human chromosomes small studied tissues easily obtained poor condition tissue specially prepared stained thinly sliced despite careful study total number human chromosomes dispute human chromosome study improved development technique introduced smears soft tissues cells grown tissue culture treated cells chromosomes separate swell preparations showed chromosomes beautifully spread bunched tangled inside tiny nucleus benefit gained techniques accurate count human chromosomes found chromosomes normal individual thought earlier banding techniques developed late biologists found distinguish chromosome carefully measuring length noting location centromere pairs numbered sex chromosomes twenty pair figure page unusual chromosome numbers found patients institutions mentally ill persons suffering syndrome chromosomes regularly found unfortunate individuals low mentality short stature caused retarded physical development abnormalities face hands feet
thousands later climate cool zone moves include plain mountain ranges populations contact isolation differences developed result mutations natural selection populations longer able interbreed genes cooperate form fertile offspring populations separate species detailed study variation frogs figure shows frogs considered rana species alike medium sized frogs spots backs frogs studied extensively john moore columbia university individual frogs fairly large areas resemble closely differ individuals geographic regions populations meet interbreeding frog populations remain distinct narrow zones meet biologists call populations today considered separate species important biological question latin account differences current hypothesis original population spread wide area passage larger population divided complex local populations adapted local conditions slowly local populations diverged genetically distinct
water enters plant root hair cells transported xylem parts plant water evaporates leaf surfaces stomata tremendous amounts water evaporate large land plants typical red maple tree growing humid climate lose liters water water replaced plant survive water entering roots transported upward distances plants built pumps hearts animals hypothesis developed explain rise water plants account observations scientists period scientists noted trees meters tall move water upward form energy needed water loss rapid reason movement water rapid water loss greatest hot sunny night branches removed plants water roots present stems phloem cells killed conduct water remember channels xylem composed dead cells explanations suggested water transport plants capillary action raise water limited height tubes root pressure times raise water height meters cohesion tension forces raise water height meters
biology solve problems problems solved areas farming environment disease disease stop bleeding injured short ago treating bleeders disease today helped chemicals biologists scientists solving problems solve problems turned light maybe turned key car ignition car start baked cake rise things happened solved problems scientist suppose light won burn turned solve problem follow steps scientific method knowing scientific method series steps solve problem steps include gathering information observing testing recognize problem light burn find problem light burn bulb things plugged outlet light electrical things house working based information collect hypothesis wrong
chance spend exploring natural surroundings live area forest imagine walk forest walk observe living things approach edge forest kinds plant grasses weeds shrubs flowering plants enter forest aware striking forms trees kinds plants ferns mosses growing forest floor leaves fallen branches litter earth look find kinds animal insects plentiful ants scurry special job spiders worms creatures animal plentiful birds sing songs rabbit bounds quickly sight deer nibbling leaves snake sliding undergrowth look closely trees find living things bees swarm hive small butterfly clings trunk tree color bark visible enemies caterpillar moving silently leaf eating goes trip eventful saw fraction living things community community naturally occurring group plants animals living area
eighty elements exist naturally thousands substances explained assuming atoms combine form substances salt sugar water sand substances kinds atoms atoms element combined hydrogen atom occurs nature combines atoms including hydrogen atoms atoms combine outer energy levels acquire total electrons principle called octet rule case atoms energy level energy level acquires total electrons duet rule hydrogen atom electron outer level combining atoms acquire electron atom nitrogen electrons outer level combines atoms acquire electrons hydrogen atoms join sharing electrons figure hydrogen atom electrons outer energy level occurs electrons occupy space nuclei combination atoms called molecule combination hydrogen atoms hydrogen molecule hydrogen elements oxygen nitrogen chlorine fluorine bromine iodine exist atom molecules elements single atom nature
structural boundary cell membrane gatekeeper cell cell functions section related cell environment amino acids cell protein cell source food molecules burned energy cell happens carbon dioxide produced burning process happens waste products materials enter leave cells cell membranes important materials pass cell membrane materials exchanged environment enter leave unnecessary harmful substances important needed substances stay cell survive membrane cell membrane materials pass called semipermeable membrane materials pass semipermeable membrane place crystals blue copper sulfate beaker water evidence important physical process water colorless crystals settle bottom beaker hours later water turned blue crystals disappeared happened copper sulfate water ions begin separate ions kinetic energy energy motion section move randomly result collide molecules water sides bottom beaker
science builds expands previous knowledge theory biogenesis cell theory led study role cell reproduction mendel laws later joined knowledge mitosis meiosis led chromosome theory heredity gene unit heredity combinations genes produce predictable features offspring knowledge facts led series logical questions gene materials genes composed gene duplicate regulate activities cells experiments bacterium pneumococcus helped answer challenging questions strains varieties bacterium known strains differ genetically strain consists cells enclosed capsule strain referred smooth strain cells enclosed capsule referred rough smooth cells disease pneumonia rough cells fred griffith injected mixture heat killed smooth cells living rough cells healthy mice griffith expected mice remain healthy rough cells pneumonia smooth cells dead mice died pneumonia examining blood dead mice griffith unexpected observation living smooth pneumococcus cells present figure dead cells returned course reasonable explanation dead smooth cells directed rough cells smooth
gene study protein synthesis shows define gene part dna molecule directs synthesis protein polypeptide type gene structural gene current knowledge genes comes research bacteria prokaryotic cells section cells true nuclei dna structure dna eukaryotic cells studying bacteria biologists learned types genes exist cells genes control synthesis proteins structural genes called regulator genes structural genes regulator genes synthesize mrna mrna turn special proteins called determine structural gene synthesize protein bacteria called coli thrive culture medium glucose glucose normal energy source cells constantly produce enzymes needed break glucose lactose disaccharide energy source bacteria grown culture medium lactose glucose bacteria begin produce enzyme enables cells convert lactose monosaccharides broken monosaccharides energy sources lactose removed production ceases process substrate lactose entering cell cell begin producing enzyme called enzyme induction chemical causing induction enzyme induction depends regulator genes
reasons flowering plants dominate earth methods reproduction highly specialized mosses ferns need water vehicle sperm transport overcome closeness male female organs means pollination pollination process pollen reaches stigma plant flowers male female sex organs pollinated pollination result physical contact stamens pistil flowers plant pollinated means wind insects plants pollination occurs flowers separate plants cross pollination ways occurs wind insects birds elaborate colors scents flowers adaptations attract animals protective devices increase survival chances found flowering plants egg cell deep ovule protected sperm nuclei produced pollen grains protected travel ovules addition seed coat stored food layers protect delicate young plant important plant grow parent plants specialized mosses ferns flowering plants plants specialized diploid phase cycle predominant seed plants totally diploid dominant group land plants plants studied capability sexual reproduction variety produces
human activities involve organizing classifying sets objects coin collection arrange store coins easy reference setting collection classify coins number features choose size coins color country set system classification coins easily added proper spot biologists interested problem classifying organisms kinds living things earth today nearly million known species organisms species continue discovered system classifying organisms important science classifying living things taxonomy reasons classifying living things desire order organization coins study orderly arranged jumbled box system set easier locate study coin coins compared coins likewise organism studied easily added proper group languages uniform system classifying living things needed biologists country need organism scientist country referring biologist reading experiment needs organism involved
phylum algae golden algae phylum common known golden algae diatoms diatoms unicellular shapes colors making nature beautiful organisms figure diatom composed part outer shell part shell overlaps lid box shell diatom cell wall covered glasslike material diatoms die cell walls collect producing huge deposits material known earth filtering agent juices liquids ingredient scouring powders cosmetics toothpaste diatoms important food source ocean communities brown algae phylum complex multicellular algae found salt water commonly called seaweeds kelp figure fucus common examples phylum cycles organisms complex seed plants fucus lives totally sporophyte brown algae true plants specialized parts rootlike holdfasts anchor parts resemble leaves adaptations food storage tissues air filled bladders floats red algae phylum rhodophyta similar brown algae multicellular complex phyla algae
photosynthesis occur plant cells chlorophyll complex plants photosynthesis occurs special organ leaf leaf composed distinct cell layers figure upper layer leaf called upper epidermis main function protect layers leaf epidermis classified protective tissue plants beneath epidermis layer palisade cells palisade cells cells arranged vertically cells spongy layer beneath chlorophyll photosynthesis occurs cells leaf running leaf vascular bundles veins veins composed xylem phloem veins leaves connect vascular bundles stem continuous roots veins water minerals reach leaves food distributed parts plant lower layer leaf lower epidermis guard cells guard cells surround regulate opening closing pores called stomata upper lower epidermis leaf covered cutin section leaves plants ivy cutin especially thick leaf shiny appearance materials glucose production enter leaves carbon dioxide atmosphere enters leaf stomata dissolved watery film surrounding cells water enters leaf xylem vessels originate roots plant
clock clock clock mournfully distant wolves replied waterfront smells rotting seaweed slime fish tar hemp strong pungent tang sea jonas slogged muck debris left low tide foot sank ankle deep water filled hole slipped cursed fell cluttering crest low ridge paralleled beach row shacks dilapidated perched piles extended short distance harbor silhouetted black brilliance moonlight water small boats description moored pilings beached jonas plodded past ribs large sloop construction plunged blackness log houses fish lantern bobbed flickering spot orange emerging beach side paused slipped skidded gentle slope water edge looked harbor large merchantman boston nancy rode anchor silver strip sand thousand sea gulls trilled mewed apparent reason flocked upward moonlight circled endlessly screaming drifted downward falling feathers sand rocks jonas gripped handle bell clanged stumbled rubble
eden startled eyes bulged yelped gallows higgins force build gallows middle stockade grace blackbeard taking joke claims crew ashore give act basis rights hang scoundrels peace added didn offer resistance governor fat jowls purple white hang yelled hang higher tobias reached waistcoat pocket removed opened offered governor angrily tobias took pinch box sniffed restored box pocket excellency drawled interesting chat teach tobias paused grinned slyly lucrative ideas lucrative lordship grace eden angry look vanished eyes greedy slits lucrative ideas lucrative ideas cat preparing pounce mouse remind grace hang teach collect paltry hundred pounds hand eden don tobias grinned eden chair sat knit brows pulled lower lip muttered hasty matters
friday afternoon spring boys shouldered slow moving mass students blocking entrance junior high plowed chattering teen agers headed rapidly direction main street maynard avenue boar head tavern fourteen boys slowed run walk tall lanky freckled spoke going tear boar head course started replied dark stocky heck louse want tear perfectly haunted house crab joe maynard finally sold land gas station added impatiently let going place torn boar head tavern heard erratic hollow thump pounding hammers crash rattle falling plaster jake gaunt sixty foreman demolition gang jake look baffled worry face blew lazy cloud tobacco smoke direction roof building walked rubble strewn floor main room house ducked low doorway opened narrow room low ceiling plaster lath removed exposing gigantic beams
boys worked furiously saturday setting equipment needed performance sunday afternoon excitement starting hank inspired forgetting fears thrown plan enthusiasm readiness news seance fact ghosts involved spread wildfire overwhelming demand seats boys decided wiser limit venture spirit impressionable younger children shows staged later date increased rates costume intended sort hindu affair matter fact costume wore conducted magic shows idea kind costume medium wore perfect role brightly colored silk dressing gown effective part outfit gift jones mother law christmases jones refused wear wear thing exclaimed saw course mrs jones scarcely give bath towel wound head perfect turban especially surmounted large pink ostrich plume discovered bottom trunk waist emerald green sash burnt cork mustache goatee completed flamboyant ensemble
magic hour sundown bright spring sky faded hazy tints topaz street lamps glowed fireflies casting light tall trees encircling courthouse green black shadows statue robert maynard pirates feet ugly silhouette sound hoot tramp steamer slogging inlet sea delicious smell fresh popped corn issuing portable stand parked curb eager customers hank mechanically filled order put lot butter commanded boy put share cost counter discovered didn bought fifteen cent boxes large package handed hank carrying box boys drifted park bench distance sat hank held box front dug deep getting large handful wasn kidding looked standing big don tell seeing things chewed vigorously warned nonchalantly flipped corn mouth kids saw thought saw reached big dirty hairy hand beat monstrous paw projected cuff decorated row brass buttons
figure whispered passed hear cept yeah replied hank eyes boisterous pirate street told fooled magic stuff re kook thing ghost look condition knew fault mantle responsibility settled soul shroud remembered words magic scroll especially incomplete sentence read let words black magic bring misery peered street ghost shroud icy cold night arching branches trees transformed elm street quiet deserted green tunnel lined houses gleaming windows revealed moving aimlessly watching tv reading newspapers bugs moths flitted smacked batted street lamps lawn sprinkler lazily revolved tunnel hank halt front jones residence morning hank yeah replied tall boy started hesitated scanned street direction sure hope show yeah halfway porch steps stopped called hank legs rapidly scissoring home door going ask stayed overnight hank house
hank face paled body stiff face knowing full hank ripped action grabbed wrist expression blackbeard face terrifying ghastly grin half half leer eyes glittered deadly menace burning fuses beard sputtered oozed acrid smelling smoke occasionally face hidden smog gradually reappear diabolical full moon cloud teach drew cutlass ho lad waiting ye rumbled ye ol teach ye going help tear gullet lily maynard grip tightened hank wrist nodded head yes sir pepper lads jabbing cutlass aloft teach slowly drew clenched fist lunged finger direction boar head tavern forward roared give swabs taste steel resolutely marched gate tear boar head ye thundered blackbeard deck ye won words washed found valor moment hesitated thought pop fact teach bodily harm sparked action started teach dragging unwilling ally whisper rasped mon hank jerked wrist loose clutching hand rubbed flipped angry look
uh uh faded sight school someplace didn house tell goes house ramp absorbed pop boys viewing boar head potent bait gathered spectators turn attracted entire fence lined curious onlookers wondering found fascinating times jake slouched building casting look direction consulted watch shook head reentered hammering pounding continued halfhearted manner eager jake prod convinced crowd turned fence sight car terrible tempered joe maynard entering grounds changed minds waited hey hank exclaimed pointed automobile maynard car rumbled deep voice feet hank stood boys sucked breath snapped faces direction familiar voice teach seen asked ye kind proper lad nudged allan elbow whispered side mouth hear allan removed pipe mouth frowned
blackbeard dramatic purchase boar head tavern hank heading building hank picked stick walked held picket fence clicked rattled hey cried cut want mark fence golly hank forgot threw stick place inch taller hank added inches lanky frame boar head transformed building grounds beautiful painted white house nestled amid elms blanket smooth green lawn inside mahogany teakwood gleamed gate set huge rock bronze plaque told history tavern stating museum owned city exhibit pirate lore course blackbeard told building restored operated trust fund established summit oil company joseph maynard bottom title george allan director fireplace hung large portrait captain edward teach smoking bearded glory opposite wall steel engraving queen anne revenge secret door dungeon frame screwed wall covered glass inch thick lived magic scroll
grampa pulled front door opened rattle snowy porch stood professor professor roderick ph precise professor short elderly red faced wild nest white hair covered top head mutton chop whiskers sprouted sides face nose red pitted reminded johnny strawberry perched slightly askew professor head shapeless gray fedora thrown shoulders sort cape unbelievably dirty threadbare tweed overcoat left hand professor clutched shovel shovel shovels army calls tool red colored blade battered shapeless mass metal hinged wooden handle splintered broken angry straight professor announced clenched teeth angry der grampa couldn help grinning professor friends heated arguments politics things general managed stay friends grampa knew professor basically kindly rotten temper johnny professor seen times street tell truth bit scared
johnny eyes wide happened ghosts killed johnny read stories things happened professor smiled mysteriously knows happened father somberly morning didn show say mass church worried housekeeper rectory searched rooms clothes bedroom closet usual apple pie order clue left want call clue note found paperweight desk note written handwriting knows wrote tell truth note terribly helpful simply quotation essay written ago englishman named sir thomas browne essay lot memorized parts let think quote passage note professor paused closed eyes smiled nodded opened eyes ah ah yes goes god lives longer tomb invisibly angels adjudged obscurity marks directing human discovery
johnny tale fuss closet took effort drag mind wanted talk found professor began slowly kind pokin basement church think found stuff wood carver guy gave father professor turn amazed god exclaimed mean johnny nodded emphatically uh huh inside fake book wanta downstairs brought look professor sighed looked clothes wearing chuckling feel getup look found sure stuff bring shoes floorboards ice minutes later professor sitting desk fake book open johnny stood desk professor chair expression face anxious room room fuss closet professor study wall bookcase bricks boards full paperback books stacked floor blue exam books grades comments scrawled red ink covers
johnny felt face getting flushed anger building inside wanted grab phil collar shake truth hey phil began loudly sister voice cut summoning attention asking stand recite pledge allegiance johnny bit lip turned settle phil later morning classes johnny steamed missing prayer book hoping sister leave room turn give phil holy hell johnny scared kids eddie scared phil phil real johnny set mind sister left room johnny turn grab phil arm squeeze give prayer book simple johnny hoped class periods passed sister left room eleven clock religion class sister surprise holding regular class announced students going church start rehearsing procession kids groaned sister glared sternly walked quickly desk dinged hand bell
professor grampa kitchen found gramma sitting white enameled table sleeve dress rolled table bottle rubbing alcohol nearby lay wads cotton professor sat politely turned face grampa shoved needle gramma arm grampa rinsing hypodermic sink professor cleared throat talk johnny began bit worried re gramma frowning don sleep night bad dreams woke yellin beat band night scared dickens outa wouldn tell heck wrong don eat added grampa dried glass hypodermic tube linen towel picks food bird asked somethin wrong fine beat don eatin rod mean re friend thought maybe thought wrong professor gloomily haven seen talk weeks hoping professor gazed disconsolately room looked hexagonal red electric clock hung stove rack test tubes stood windowsill
sessions clock dixons sideboard striking ten johnny opened front door stumbled johnny felt numb unbelievably tired bone body ached felt stayed nights row sleep awake asleep hard tell seen ghost father ghost orders days return park return midnight friday bring blue strict orders die ring kill told told ring night set free bad happen live told midnight meeting failed show die die horrible torment dully mechanically johnny unzipped suede jacket hung coat tree gazed friendly hall furniture china umbrella stand pictures deer head missing glass eye things failed comfort grampa door living room open narrow bar light shone dark hall
crept professor inch inch ecstasy terror knew horrible thoughts mind awful insane urge throw backward ledge temples throbbed glasses steamed body soaked sweat flake rock crumbled pressure foot heard clatter void imagined rock wall expanding contracting bellows heave matter st michael prayer father hail mary glory fathers slowly slowly reached wide place dark yes problem haven worked professor began giggle madly began feel throwing inch inch inch inch lightning flashed inching solid grassy ground sick taste vomit throat shuddering shuddering uncontrollably professor pulled felt comfortable rage returning blasted flashlight hip pocket put pulled snapped middle grassy space stood johnny
johnny stunned numb horror happened awful believe professor body left heap clothes nightmarish face father floated closer turn croaking voice die return sweet land living stand face command obey johnny hesitated frightened half mind angry ferociously angry tears sprang eyes wanted throw rock boulder horrid mask floated eyes sudden lunge reached grabbed small wooden box leaped feet threw wood box rotten disintegrated box flew air suddenly air full dust grinning mask crumpled paper lantern thrust fire blinding flash red light deep boom bowels mountain floor cave began shake tremble jump crazily clots dirt pebbles fell ceiling cave johnny looked panic stricken suddenly floor cave heaved johnny sprawling fell soft cried loud crabby voice
professor blinked sniffled took red cotton handkerchief blew nose loudly think okay asked looking uncertainly course re okay put professor reached sitting patted professor reassuringly arm tempers seen re screaming raging throwing furniture re extremely kind thoughtful person course added poking forefinger professor help reputation sit tomorrow write nice note dr explaining feel apologizing behavior mean decent thing professor took glasses dabbed eyes soggy handkerchief put glasses looked room smiling grampa grinning puffing contentedly pipe gramma normal expression frown smiling professor rubbed elbows stuck pipe mouth tried act stuffy snorted eh certainly professor dry sarcastic voice believe custom serve cookies edible goodies sherry kitchen earlier evening saw plate loaded items
hi boys girls bill cosby wait minute whoa boys girls baby stuff guys babies let start hi women bill women closer let try promise goes hi ages ten fourteen sixth seventh eighth grade bill whew trouble getting started thought getting started easy part let fuss call fact label age group sixth graders young children adults starting grow re adults re exactly children kids seventh eighth grade look act young women call call bill kinds exciting happening book re age ten fourteen re known early adolescence biggest early adolescence called growth spurt point body growing grow faster baby word puberty
lisa felt tap shoulder turned phillips shrimps class holding slip paper smirked pass judy voice sound sarcastic simple statement boy happened summer okay re tall ugly lisa reached took slip paper suddenly voice shot crack gun lisa going graceful gesture lisa twisted arm big circle plunked hand social studies quiz desk front continued writing getting kink arm mrs weary sounding voice tired arm teacher commanded ten minutes left lisa finished quiz early didn dare look note bell rang filed class kids nerve open note wearing purple eye shadow purple skirt purple shoes gross hallway lisa turned look mrs true purple purple purple wasn sure gross liked mrs fairly young teacher pretty blonde
heard comments getting trouble wrong win lucky person grade class teacher think things say things don want accept responsibility happens fault responsibility situations feeling don power real control happens course times control happened control weather bus arrives school family re born mean re helpless impact lives found develop positive attitude looking part seeing difference things control things control couldn control fact family problems control lots things control going give try help family talk openly problems control expressed feelings anger
going grow charlie brown lonesome charlie answer laugh re starting grown think funny re adolescent things changed changing maybe feel lonesome afraid confused maybe re concerned friends popular pain confusion loneliness real don believe understand mom dad brush feelings tell worry forgotten needed friendships acceptance age feeling understood adds feeling loneliness need friends peers vital part normal classmates similar feelings thoughts age needs help learning kind friend want need problems face friendships fall large baskets basket major choices affect kinds friends basket labeled peer pressure decisions hide declare decisions giving receiving decisions going describe basket suggest ways cope kind decision
need friends human want friends satisfy needs feel lonely wanting friends reasons bad reasons wanting friends re remember loved real friendship goes getting oneself means giving caring ways friends giving friendship expecting return true helping hundreds young age involved peer counseling program direct program seen students find ways join turn peer pressure peer support true vivid gloria attractive girl personality appealing early peer counseling training began talk problems friends home situation miserable didn seeing psychiatrist regularly couldn shake depression deeply concerned concern sessions progressed began sense difference gloria feel happening session found students group sensed gloria needs knowledge organized daily contact weekends
letters receive full complaints families unwritten laws expected follow rules garage door person going bed lock excuses deal stealing neighborhood garage tempting power tools morning recently husband woke early usual paper garage door wide open thought kids began usual lecture morning gotten started beth daughter stopped tracks lecture daddy left garage door open stayed late studying certainly locked bed home case wondered blamed things didn talked father think beth father think housework fun housework mean dishes washing clothes cooking sweeping
angie walked stone steps slowly school summer vacation hard angie triple school town hated lived age thirteen big city suddenly moved stupid place end try beginnings school steps kids running greet flinging arms excited meeting summer vacation going school doors arm arm standing groups talking entered school building walls painted white brightly lit cry olive green color school city wouldn give walking dim dingy halls friends homeroom couldn face going spend minutes period began watching greeted wished dad considerate drop school started course job gardners meant dropping angie early
chapter dedicated important person reading book learning ways articles stories helped think things important rest maybe things differently read learning manage feelings friends parents healthy decisions things important successful person chapter successful learn set goals thinking goals action success makes future happen don set goals re making decision successful person met read definite major goal athlete entertainer leader dream future re willing hard goal want help think goal answer question wave magic wand wanted wish
clear sunny afternoon sitting front steps apartment buildings talking laughing teenagers dancing sidewalks radios turned loud younger kids riding bicycles skateboards bobby home school crutches leaving hospital blocks today times cast didn difference left leg stiff covered plaster crutches part aluminum braces circled arms hey roberto bobby turned sound familiar voice ran vegetable market middle block summers let bag boy tips week hi bobby round face apple cheeks laughing complain bambino cast leg thanks bobby moved called gotta walk crutches counting help summer roberto re helpers maybe look boy summer bobby
dozen covered wagons seventy women children left missouri headed pacific coast pioneers travel west wagon train doubtful seen photograph photography invention earliest photographs displayed france summer growth photography opening american west took place frontier photographers traveling west cameras big bulky equipment crude able picture frontier pioneers actually saw days simple rolls film unknown photographers large glass plate negatives messy hard handle picture glass plate coated sticky chemicals camera exposed moist plate removed camera developed spot chemicals dried photographer covered wagon served darkroom haul hundreds pounds photographic equipment cameras capture motion exposure needed camera securely tripod photographed stand sit absolutely moved picture blurred
late afternoon grove willows train captain gave signal stop night wagons pulled trail began form large circle corral wagons locked front rear chains front tongue wagon reached rear wheels gateway left open admit livestock wagon rolled place sealing corral safely inside pioneers tended cattle pitched tents started campfires evening meal families sat eating beans dried buffalo meat camp baked bread tin plates sentries posts corral children ran past playing tag girls sat circle sharing secrets laughing boy lay sprawled belly campfire studying tattered copy emigrants guide oregon california grown ups stood small groups chatting planning ahead gradually pioneers drifted tents wagons huddled blankets fell asleep july night chilly high altitude traveled fifteen miles nearly hundred miles leaving missouri distance pioneers travel west wagon train set missouri spring emigrants streamed westward increasing numbers transcontinental railroad completed pioneers ruts oregon trail continent
pioneers began settle timbered rivers eastern kansas nebraska minnesota later spread prairie moving gradually uplands colorado wyoming dakotas immigrants countries northern europe lured american west promise free land civil war ended thousands black pioneers freed slavery joined trek westward claim land treeless plains pioneers known prairie soil called sod knitted thickly matted grass roots tough cut ordinary plow timber settlers build homes material chunks sod cut soil special plows families began lives simple dugouts carved hillside ax shovel pick builder enlarge dugout adding walls roof sod bricks dugout dark cramped hard clean dirt roof walls sifted quick easy build provided temporary home settlers put comfortable sod house sod house blocks sod weighing fifty pounds loaded family wagon hauled building site blocks stacked atop grass side staggered bricks
frontier school california boy trouble studies notebooks mess face smeared ink called recite memory failed later teacher prentice recalled student hold pen pitchfork regular scholar school father ranch scholastic sense learned boy age fifteen drive father horse wagon loaded fruit vegetables miles california nevada rough mountain roads sierras sell produce silver miners aurora adjacent camps return safely home obliged places camp night cook look stock repair harness wagon eye skulking indians scholars frontier youngsters learned responsibilities early began help homestead soon follow instructions pioneer family needed help small children expected feed chickens gather eggs weed vegetable garden pick wild nuts berries fruits grew older joined heavier plowing planting tending livestock hauling water pitching hay building cabins fences hunting trapping cooking washing cleaning rule girls helped mothers endless household tasks boys labored fields fathers
pioneer children finished chores wide open spaces playground explored creek beds dogs hiked top sun parched hills raced dusty fields ponies spent summer days local swimming hole sarah bixby remembered childhood summers california ranch orchard summer ripe apples pears shed shoes wade san gabriel watch hundreds pigeons flying deserted adobe ranch house known condition flea house retreat enlarged coyote hole pasture side hill luckily find rattlesnakes sharing play stagecoach left weeds fence remained earlier days carried mails express passengers san diego los san francisco weekends holidays pioneer families relaxed church community dances neighborly house parties gathered picnics churchyard shady grove creek family brought baskets buckets heaped food barbecued fresh pork buffalo meat open fires lunch children jumped rope played tag flew homemade kites joined ball games foot races dancing favorite pastime youngsters grown ups alike
sunrise fourth cannon fired town square town cannon gunpowder exploded blacksmith anvil heard miles children outlying homesteads dawn listen closely sounds explosions reached direction morning chores finished early breakfast gulped families packed picnic baskets hitched teams drove town wagons buggies decorated red white blue bunting flags flew horses bridles activities held town square main street wooded grove town leading citizens delivered patriotic speeches read declaration independence big parade led town band caught spirit settlers cheered applauded militia passed children marched beat fife drum corps parade settlers feast picnic lunches joined games sports afternoon foot races horse races sack races wagon races ball games pie eating contests boys tried climb greased poles catch oiled pigs evening fireworks lit sky rounded community dance held outdoor platform glow lanterns children took part celebrations traveled west wagon trains
fungi group plantlike organisms lacking chlorophyll carry photosynthesis heterotrophs obtain food living things parasites obtain food dead organisms waste products living things saprophytes common bread mold consists mass tiny threads called hyphae specialized upright hyphae produce masses black spores spore lands moist warm bread rise mass threads storing bread refrigerator prevent bread moldy molds form green yellow black areas fruits vegetables gray fuzz develops wet leather shoes stored closet mold mildew mold forms black spots damp towels jammed hamper edible part mushroom consists thin sheets tissue hyphae produce spores underground hyphae saprophyte obtain food decaying matter rich soil mushrooms poisonous person unskilled identifying mushrooms eat wild mushrooms found growing woods poisonous mushrooms commonly known toadstools truffles prized european delicacies size walnut potato grow clusters ground specially trained pig smell truffle distance meters run quickly spot dig yeasts obtain energy fermentation sugars carbon dioxide alcohol produced basis baking brewing industries
largest group marine freshwater vertebrates includes trout seahorse catfish perch bass pickerel flounder swordfish skeletons fishes bone gills covered single opening gills side amphibia sides bios fact nearly metamorphosis involving water dwelling stage land dwelling stage amphibians derived bony fishes group lobe finned fishes transition documented fossils fossil series shows gradual change bony fin legs toes rearrangements permit air breathing lung ancient structure found earliest fishes amphibians developed special circulation blood lung structure effectively oxygen supply include development chamber heart fishes heart chambers modern amphibians lost ancient skeleton scales skin earliest amphibians naked moist skin absorb oxygen air water amphibians frog fig toad begin water tadpoles gills tail adult stage lungs breathing land tail amphibian mud puppy remains water
term protoplasm refer living substance cell believed protoplasm living things today cell substances structures single substance substances responsible characteristics automobile basic automobile substance cell basic cell substance complex organization parts today term protoplasm widely designate living contents cell convenience cytoplasm refers contents cell nucleus cell membrane cytoplasm flows circular motion cell streaming motion called cyclosis modern methods cell study biologists developed understandings cell structure cell types defined structures called organelles specialized functions cell performed organelles modern concept cell structure illustrated figure cells kingdom monera includes bacteria blue green algae distinguished lack membrane nucleus cells distinct nucleus prokaryotes distinct nucleus eukaryotes monera prokaryotes kinds organisms eukaryotes moneran cells lack organelles fig
transport intake distribution materials organism transport occurs membranes cells cell parts multicellular organisms multicellular animals systems tubes called vessels transport materials pumping mechanism form heart hearts materials carried system water oxygen digested foods wastes metabolism hormones plants move water food benefit pumping mechanism stem root leaf adaptations important function development electron microscope scientists cell membrane thin flexible layer surrounded contents cell mixing surroundings knew food materials able cell membrane scientists actually observe process models constructed explain structure function cell membrane model picture explanation combined knowledge process structure scientific model represents structure idea late model structure cell membrane devised helped scientists explain function development electron microscope scanning electron microscope techniques information structure cell membrane information led fluid mosaic module proposed singer electron photographs viewed electron microscope show cell membrane double line
veins leaf vascular bundles xylem phloem bundles branched extensions vascular tissues stem conducting tubes extend roots stems branches parts leaves biologists complete explanation liquids rise stems theories scientific laws describe regularities nature theories descriptive statements attempts explain events theories tested ability predict happen controlled experimental conditions predictions proved true verified verified scientists successfully test explanation higher probability theory correct seen examples history cell theory showing accepted theories discarded modified light evidence theories transport water food stems changed contributions physics biochemistry development apparatus techniques modified ideas theories upward transport water stems able explain water rise meters ground giant sequoia trees ideas physics played important role developing current explanations adhesion force attraction unlike molecules water wets glass clings glass adhesion cohesion attraction molecules observe droplet water hanging faucet
seen chemical steps cellular respiration similar organisms living organisms structural adaptations exchange respiratory gases complex organisms utilizing aerobic respiration carry oxygen external environment cell interior respiration organisms includes oxidation occurs individual cells mechanisms transport oxygen cells removal carbon dioxide respiratory system intimately linked transport system multicellular organism faces problem limited body surface manner meet respiratory needs millions internal body cells bacteria blue green algae protozoa algae molds single celled colonial organisms gas exchange takes place diffusion thin moist cell membrane surrounds cells cell walls present constitute barrier diffusion oxygen carbon dioxide multicellular green plant carries aerobic respiration photosynthesis carbon dioxide produced leaf respiration immediately photosynthesis oxygen produced photosynthesis respiration photosynthesis occurs light energy green plants carry respiration photosynthesis energy needs slight compared animals net result plant respiration photosynthesis plants add oxygen atmosphere remove carbon dioxide liberate leaf plant covered dry impermeable cuticle prevents admission oxygen cells deep interior
body structures involved producing antibodies known immune system study immune system known immunology immunological reactions help explain immunity disease allergy blood types rejection infectious disease body resembles condition warfare attacking defending forces attacking forces bacteria microorganisms damage body caused bacteria toxins produce poisons bacteria metabolism body combinations antibodies bacteria toxins immunity resistance organism disease susceptibility organism lack immunity children exposed disease immune system responds making antibodies destroy germs immunity developed disease children diseases affect adults adults acquired immunity childhood populations completely free disease develop immunity measles introduced polynesia killed adults thousands immunity classified active immunity passive immunity active immunity individual builds antibodies disease strong mild form passive immunity antibodies produced organisms individual active passive immunity compared table page antibodies body builds killed microorganisms effective live microorganisms
humans external covering skin excellent job preventing loss precious water body impervious skin prevents body cells obtaining oxygen directly atmosphere discharging carbon dioxide earthworm thin moist skin respiratory surface humans internal deep air sacs lungs small openings skin nostrils serve entry exit gases respiration billions cells body interior function respiratory system transport respiratory gases external environment nostrils gas exchange surface lungs circulatory system assists respiratory system linking respiratory surface lungs cells body carries raw materials cellular respiration removes waste products respiration respiration involves exchange respiratory gases oxygen carbon dioxide environment energy releasing process cellular respiration humans aerobes steps cellular respiration include anaerobic aerobic phases chapter conditions oxygen deprivation intensive physical exertion muscle cells carry anaerobic phase lactic acid accumulates result responsible sensation fatigue oxygen debt repaid structure respiratory system shown figure
posterior pituitary releases hormones contractions uterus hormone affects water balance produced brain hypothalamus stored released posterior pituitary thyroid gland shaped structure located neck sides trachea produces hormone thyroxin large amounts iodine thyroxin increases general rate body metabolism hypothyroidism thyroxin hyperthyroidism oversecretion thyroxin hypothyroidism rate metabolism lowered individual physically active mentally alert normal forms hypothyroidism person deficiency thyroxin birth individual physically mentally retarded dwarf body parts proportion disease adults characterized slowing mental processes lowered metabolic rate puffy swelling face body goiter enlargement thyroid gland endemic goiter swelling caused lack iodine diet gland swells attempt produce sufficient amount thyroxin type goiter prevalent endemic regions drinking water lacks sufficient iodine endemic goiter prevented iodized salt table salt iodine compound added hyperthyroidism individual rate metabolism increased energetic restless
earth big terrarium plants animals grow eaten die parts food chains animal plant missing food chain food chain broken suppose plants animals die hawks eat mice killed number mice increase food mice food chain broken milk important food drink milk eat cheese foods milk milk comes cows cows eat grass green plant eat chickens eggs chickens eat grains corn parts green plants part food chains food chains start green plants green plants producers consumers say primary secondary consumers insects weeds harm crops protect crops spraying chemicals chemicals kill harmful insects weeds harm wildlife rachel carson famous biologist biologists help learn nature show affect environment rachel carson discovered chemicals sprayed crops getting food chains animals ate food contained chemicals animals dying warned harmful chemicals getting food farmers stopped chemicals
school microscope makes human hair times bigger picture school microscope makes hair times bigger electron microscope powerful things look thousands times bigger picture hair electron microscope instrument magnifies things parts microscope magnify things put glass slide microscope sends light hole stage microscope friend george took large clear jars class school going collect tiny water teacher knew find dead leaves grass knew pond collected water jar pond added plants rocks mud sticks jar pond finished teacher helped cover top jar plastic wrap labeled jar pond water george took jar put dead leaves grass loosely jar school george added water jar cover labeled jar leaves grass george put jars classroom chose spot jars sunshine waited days tiny water grow
algae tiny plants minerals water grow multiply water polluted dirty minerals water algae multiply faster usual oxygen needed fish fish die tiny plants grow larger living things die hundreds dead fish found washed shores polluted lakes rivers plants animals live polluted water safe eat eat sick millions tiny algae called diatoms live ocean delicate shells diatoms die shells sink ocean floor mud millions diatom shells filters filters medicines photographs interested studying living things answer questions yes think scientific photographer scientific photographers pictures microscopic paramecia area microphotography remember pictures paramecia chapter scientific photographer scientific photography important job scientific photographers college degrees science excellent knowledge photography microscopic plants animals live waters ponds lakes streams oceans tiny plants animals found places wet part
environment soil air water parts environment environment includes plants animals buildings automobiles parts environment breathe smell hear affect late afternoon park picture home look trash pollution pollution spoils environment pollute spoil environment pollution picture land pollution seen land pollution seen water pollution parts body sense air pollution smell kinds pollution jet airplane lakes streams clean water safe drink days large cities factories streams lakes spoiled pollution pollutes water cities wastes sinks toilets run sewers underground pipes waste materials travel sewers sewage cities sewage flows nearby streams kills fish plants water streams safe drink swim cities ocean throw trash garbage ocean pollutes important fishing areas factories kinds liquid wastes oil gasoline chemicals oil gasoline wastes oil refineries
throw things throw things throw newspapers boxes plastic bags cans bottles list things happens solid wastes home trash truck parents dump everyday throw millions tons trash past solid waste dumped top land happen anymore junkyards places filled rusting cars poison gases form ground junkyards garbage dumps pollute land wastes factories pollute land chemicals left manufacturing buried ground chemicals leak barrels stored poison ground poisons water danger plants animals cities solid trash buried holes dug ground trash dumped holes trash covered earth places trash buried called sanitary landfills land filled park houses built landfill kinds solid wastes cans bottles recycled paper recycled recycling special centers material factories things
going suppose playing game wear blindfold touch taste smell hear ways lot information touching tasting smelling seeing hearing basic senses look hands picture shaping clay pot pots thousands potters sense touch guide tools part body sense touch part body sense taste senses places skin feel things places ellen joe investigated stuck pins close large cork joe closed eyes gently ellen pressed flat pinheads joe fingertips joe feel pinheads ellen lightly pressed pinheads joe forearm feel places feel pinheads farther forearm fingertips places skin joe feel pinheads nerve endings nerve endings tiny threadlike parts inside skin special nerve endings feeling light touch joe ellen found nerve endings closer fingertips forearm
thousands drown needlessly swim rules water safety water swim lifeguard duty trouble jump water call loudly help find floats throw person trouble diving sure water deep clear swimmers try panic upset tired swimming remember body floats ocean stay water learn waves act riding waves strong swimmers fall water clothes kick shoes heavy pieces clothing weigh easier float swimming instructor teaches swimming certified swimming instructor complete courses swimming lifesaving relaxed floating called swimming instructors rules water safety certified swimming instructor lifeguard camp beach swimmer enjoy water sports want swimming instructor find education need write american red cross area human body air fat body buoyant
air keeps airplanes helicopters sky makes sailboats move hundred fifty ago ships moved wind power moved wind powered moment air pressing body air weight balloon filled air weigh weighed blown fly kite ride airplane kite airplane flew atmosphere atmosphere layer gases air surrounds earth atmosphere ocean air moves moving air helps move kites sailboats hang gliders balloons air kind material materials weight air weigh balloon pricked air goes balance balloons upset balloon filled air weighs empty hanger pulled side balloon weighs seen air weight weight air pushes presses directions call pressing pushing air air pressure observe air pressure juan showed air pressure works poured water pan pan half full
think find water think clouds clouds water air kinds clouds look sky clouds try kinds clouds clouds high air high earth cooler air close ground higher clouds ice crystals lower clouds tiny drops water called droplets water droplets larger drops fall rain freezing point water degrees celsius degrees fahrenheit rain falls cold air freeze sleet air freezing point water vapor freezes condensing water droplets forms snowflakes drops snowflakes fall ground snow storm clouds big rounded called thunderheads strong winds inside thunderheads temperature air inside freezing water droplets blow layers freezing air happens droplets freeze hail forms hail blown passes layers freezing air layer ice added large particles hail called hailstones hailstones bigger bigger hailstones big baseballs damage fall
uncle jack visited morning service shipman father remarked frequent instances bound boys run lads say common week courier displays greater petulant number master advertisements longer responsible knowledge subscriber wishes uncle jack asks fellow hereabouts known chance turn turn father prompt reply charlie uncle jack pursues supposing boy run couldn thinking bound bound stay want clean send vagrant claim belonged father believes intelligence distinguish wrong knowing think severe honour saw phantom today stayed longer peering peering dusk location piper woods resolved examine spot prove cassie inclined apparition cath say headless find today stray hogs catherine hall woods
aunt lucy hurried round today newly returned school noted moment cassie asa reached house set wished matter bundled asking father harness mend heard shipman kind repair leather strap put forward rent trunks father queried took soon leaving answered voice high hands vaguely waving trouble moment removed cloak fanned fingers fire lightly moving kettle practiced gesture aunt lucy knows hearth observed cooks tastefully house naught father engage talk sternly attended needle linen thread stared openly show inspecting closely trousers father put want mending aunt lucy speaking brightly wish aloud brought handwork join party nodded father soon presented firmly stitched strap
cassie afternoon selected mother quilts plenty warmth tho parts worn faded answer fugitive appeal known wrote book tho child installed mother place local providence guide hand folding quilt small wrapping sausage apples crossed house reached road proceeded phantom stone asa dubbed part plan carried fateful lesson book seen questioned neighbours rehearsed say search tree intended sketching cassie companion carried worn quilt cold pat excuse believed fit situation purpose served taking book hand meet stranger purpose instantly likely harm woods cold sound clacking branches frozen touched sketchbook tarry tho saw human sign sped errand turned left spot discovered fugitive prints occasioned show fire remains
mrs shipman considers wasted naught accomplished waste worst sins obliged cassie loveliest spring let outgrown frock re sew hem cassie held rule twelve full stitches inch younger spared worth mrs shipman worth table fingers cramped neck stiff ached prolonged effort bending close father departs monday boston trip preparation furs bundled shipman principal things trade cut packed blocks maple sugar hours sweeten city topping load brooms straw retaining golden colour summer fragrance things allow cash trade obtain season supplies foods herbs grow items mending tools parts larger contraptions required farm yard goods weave home buy price odd bolt strikes fancy times book toy pretty thing sweets traded
jew peddlar today jew seen hair beard scant hung uncut ask house offered food took bought needles buttons sewing silk scissors sale amount inquired difference amusement eyes face transformed tell smile compliments miss explained road sold wares cheap increase trade customers told prices believed carried tawdry stuff put principle test packets scissors calling fine buys found preferred costly supposing goods dearly priced concluded merrily sharp eyes leaving ponder statement climbed seat curious fellow likeable candor hope comes neglect call told asa jew sorry seen letter father father makes secret eager boy specially goes bridge mondays mail handed boston coach
start summer school household cassie asa david help father willie mrs shipman reluctant give baby sooner daniel boys working farm father notes quiet pride thought minded beg help wait commence gladly helped strength insufficient shares school house met exclamations happy tears crying news mary nelson joshua sister hear summer teaching position sophy uncle mother younger brother foot badly mangled cut morning impatience truly believe pupil studied penmanship father gave lead plummet shaped implement dangles brightly birch ruler bought means flaxen string father sharpened quill pewter inkstand think girl bears marks frequent promised manuscript book tho plain paper hand copy book bound patterned paper boston arrived
tonight learned revolt negro slaves south boston papers tell cruelly murdered including women children slaves shot leaders nat turner secured jail happened august cassie died strange speaks deaths disposed tears perished dear says mourn deaths grief strangers joined lives names faces veiled griefs share garrison meant penned motto countrymen mankind think wiley slide call providence cruelly deprive insurrection uncle jack today obtained newest liberator recent slave rebellion garrison records prophesied january bloody reality editor states dreadful event concerning raiders believes deserve censure greeks destroying turks poles russians fathers slaughtering british read war independence shocking paper house hurricane port au prince
start winter school walked dan asa mindful present companions gave shawl colour shoulders knotting front moment eyes caught mine speak aloud thoughts deeply felt scholars smaller proudly promoted sits bench concerning teacher face triangular small pinched sniffs coughs emphasis conclude statement tis painful think dear teacher uncle edward holt occupied place older boys wary fail observe switches leaning corner freshly cut plain sniff meant hm hm hm hm order joshua seen cassie funeral maria sophy sister says father intends remove ohio early spring told land try homesteading weary ragged pick stone farm cruel climate sophy wages says let spent hope finds encouragement small return labours sophy mother littler directly
aunt lucy holt concerns greatly mrs shipman safekeeping thought attach inquire parents catherine baby born believe help needed greatly friends think qualified academy admits females district school poor edward remembers clever give private instruction usual courses study propose regard exchange services assure attendance church attention health find studious house reads beautifully evening clock till ten engages study begin tell bliss short hours read french philosophy beg favour early reply concerning catherine coming provide address parents encourage start journal wrote wish stay wished gladly able asked today reflecting aunt lucy letter find consequence decided father appears trust submission defines obedience
members rugged cross church looking reflection dressing table mirror sure want thank giving abner jerome brady leadership award warm moist breath began fog mirror moved ways wasn expecting honor moon forgotten caught thieving turkey rustlers reckon alive elizabeth lorraine lambert number student miss johnson class course guess remember consecutive president chief presiding officer pretty pennies girls club pocahontas arkansas accomplished things mean worthy fine award sir reckon plenty folks including boys deserve honor bit pausing allow full extent absorbed imaginary audience brought face close mirror caught mother reflection whirled quickly face ma re anxious hear speech re going wait clock tonight didn say looked troubled forget hundred dollar scholarship money comes brady award
didn need forceful handed shove miss bernice feet rose standing straight proud reverend ross continued talking wasn standing fanfare ado let give big hand applause recipient abner jerome brady leadership award winner david knows exactly lead quietly humbly kindly stand philip marvin hall philip hall stood thinking sounded philip hall say philip hall pain hundred wasp stings answered question didn didn think saw heads turning heard giggle tent alive giggles laughter ridicule possibly find ridicule god ridiculing row row faces shaking mocking laughter caught sight unmoving face mother mother face looking bit pained burned hand cookstove bolting stage knocked folding chair sound metal striking metal shattered tent ran center aisle opening run hide tunnel hole
susan broke song miss mer ca contest happened mama girl bonnie anyways contest talking miss america contest told heard plain insisted bonnie pennies nodded heads agreement talking wanda jane atlantic city win miss america contest fool tell wanda jane didn win pocahontas call famous place rock york sighed grown ups explain complicated things young children wasn talking miss america contest happened wanda jane married timothy flood owns flood ford company mother remembers wanda jane added susan exactly age reckon pause exactly age age meeting order smacking table force terrible pain shot hand called meeting important purpose don want hear wanda jane think mighty interesting bonnie blake
rounded corner leaned head laugh continuing run seemingly effortless motion wanted return insult spent body couldn afford extra effort lungs felt breathing oxygen kerosene straight ahead finish line faces faces saw faces shouting cheering faces cheering philip hall moved ahead bit remembered running thing space philip hall grew steadily larger screaming finish line louder insistent won told lots things happen tiger hunter finish line tried concentrating pleasant thoughts mind burning chest remembering bedtime story mother tell tortoise hare funny thinking bedtime stories move legs moving move moment going happen god green earth prevent going happen watched philip hall raced finish line handed red banner jordan jones motion
thought telling miss johnson don care didn want act mind want didn felt tired discussion yes ma thing learned agreeable conversations disagreeable conversations getting late barnes school bus soon leaving miss johnson tapped fingers edge oak desk actually main thing wrong pilgrim talk wasn facts figures major problem talk mighty boring guess thing thought live boring beth lambert school ground gusty wind golden leaves spinning pulled green jacket tight body told walking miles home painful boarding bus walked parking lot saw bus number left space bus pennies liked congregate empty seat left bonnie slid careful eyes rubber ribbed flooring chance say hi bonnie making suggestion knows beth loves relay racing don ask scheme relay race school buses
give trying beth give trying meeting failure failure repeated ma making word sound musical failure worst thing happen worst thing happen give trying want give trying corrected want give trying pocahontas lord seen fit put god green earth ole pocahontas quiet hear breathing ma spoke beth things nowadays thing hoping praying trying ma thought hard walk farm re try place town county place heard abner bradys relay races beth lambert want place knows beth lambert talking girl hears saying yes ma miss beth don home
barefooted raced room share living soul bring beneath bed white tissue paper red bow wrapped objects carefully adjusted slightly ailing bow slender package presenting december told feeling inappropriate present season actually beginning afraid inappropriate season strength reasonably predicted grandma began ripping paper ribbon apologetically exchange involved excitement paid mind lowell peters pay finding speck dirt pressed beneath thick grease grit grime fingernails throwing box lid stopped short passed reached leisurely dignity remove cover fan declare fanciest fan comes japan added touch pride gracefully opened accordion style silk fan began examining detail likeness kimono clad lady busily fanning grandmother walked grandly mirror admire fan don
put hand inside explained lots lots pieces wood round square part chair factory edge town empty spools lot ladies sewing boxes build things benjamin baby city want sat semicircle linoleum floor began teaching baby build fire towers fortresses walled cities blocks miniature construction forgot harmonica luther forgot raising pigs prizes profits fancy annie forgot king singing cowboys baby benjamin forget wonders fancy mechanical dog finally grandma called kitchen christmas dinner table stove cupboards windowsills food resting apple lemon pies baked ham sliced chicken lima beans tomato cucumber salad hush puppies fresh country butter greens sweet potatoes apple cider pa pretended stagger weight looking food place army expecting join mother sat dinner spoke enthusiasm breed turkeys beginning raise meat claimed luther sounded young struck love told miss beth prettiest pig randolph county
added excited threw handed threw handed repeated warm laughter began shake body don excited laughter interfering trying say struck laughing thought spend crying reckon didn matter laughter finishing sentence philip hall known exactly meant say body shaking hard couldn walk manage lean support parked pickup truck attack giggles end philip hall looked hard going fun coming home beth running question answer answer knew share grip hand leading run philip hall folks pins needles mighty waiting answer question ran reached opposite end main street crowd thickened mass find ma pa told front stage
james harrison mother turned main street lane ran terraced cottages lane ended abruptly gate footpath disappeared landscape fields trees ridged dark lines hedges cottage stood end house called east end cottage living weeks james walked paces mother carrying shopping basket disliked banged bare legs scratched cane broken things ladies tights cabbages sticking embarrassing tim dog walked ten paces james james looked tried imagine large shaggy responsible looking dogs carry folded newspapers shopping baskets tim squat square mongrel grinned independent tim arrived east end cottage shortly harrisons found sitting door looking pathetic homeless fed days installed firmly house establishing rights ingratiating mrs harrison quick identify source food clearly dog complicated mysterious past village glanced curiously place postman swear lived butcher harrison grimly didn surprise
simon peered thoughtfully wasn promise start don mean obvious fashioned language medicine means finding things suppose anyway disarming honesty couldn re wrong actually james james studied simon feel inclined believe say don simon felt belonged lot honestly swear swear think school dunno simon vaguely losing interest problem climbed apple trees didn notice accidentally ate apple tree end james show hole walked lane gate james paused looked suspiciously apple board tim sitting gate staring james bedroom window making unpleasant growling noises throat tim james saying room simon room bet stupid girls helen nosing won hole
haven lately dropped course interested sudden james matter knowing wrong skirted round problem pretended wasn hope sticking tripping couldn ignore wrong james helen ten minutes mrs harrison feeling james yes thanks getting helen measles measles school person mean think things falling bathroom ceiling boy school outing arm stuck grating call fire brigade wasn fault loft didn proper floor help dropped sherbert stick drain stupid bars narrow james belligerently personally harrison think draw veil james past marmalade james going simon yes thought grimly walking east end lane moment
facing fact feel isolated challenged heroes confronted impossibly difficult tasks reached mrs cottage mrs sitting chair doorway enjoying afternoon sunshine keeping eye activities east end lane mint yes james let apron pocket dear seen mother past shopping bakery bags basket expect nice tea nurse car wonder going mrs shifted chair slightly improve view street telly repair van bradleys part hour james stared mrs thatched roof admiring patterned bit top thinking dull interested starlings sat ridge roof whistling chattering gave impression mrs mrs talking school asked james liked james thanks told bit project mrs fancy dear wasn surprisingly began tell james story sunday school small girl began suddenly funny unexpected
occurred subject mrs say naturally mention thomas madness minutes straight parents say thing thing raise subject general sort happened ghosts mrs gracious tell thing ghosts believe say don answers mean things explain maybe re meant clear mrs believe firmly ghosts relished haunting knew plenty ghost story ghost story bewildering succession mrs sister seen churchyard christmas carol service charlie bull heard yard night story tell manor days apparently crawled ghosts abundance lost impact james began grow restless managed stem flow ask rid don dear mrs exorcist excuse moment mrs simpson road wanting word
james looked round anxiously didn wasn candles couldn try wouldn point don fancy don fancy awkward cuss doubt stairs creaked james whipped candles table drawer bert hastily began saw piece wood mrs harrison let james ellison afraid hangs bert fussed send packing funny smell wax matches bert daresay mrs harrison candles thought looked round sniffing thinking bert match smell maybe gave bert look tinged looked pile half sawn wood thought passing mind achieved bert amiably bit chat lad found interests common say mrs harrison history fancy kind thing bert eyelid dropped conspicuous wink aimed james nice mrs harrison
fooled blast sorted began pick things papers swirled sudden breeze look student re going river don watch james grabbed flying sheets paper top sky stop digging fields give half gold find thomas student put stuff table hope wind mean weather going break re supposed couple weeks expect james cheerful digging question student shortly finals summer asking sorry cracking headache sudden getting home look simon student stepping sideways hole tripped stone didn staggered ended foot hole crumbling sound pieces pottery disintegrated god student side field looked coming james simon thought simon maybe climbed gate road hear saying things student loud aggressive voices
sprang bed dashed window night clear crisp cold moon high bright dark slumbering underneath houses huddled windows curtained blank strong smell bonfires loud crackling noise enormous fingers rumpling newspaper tim barking barking downstairs slammed place mind quicker bit blurred sleep stairs hammering parents door shouting wake dad mrs house fire confusion harrison telephoning fire brigade james helen road nightclothes mrs harrison banged mrs door smoke gushed thatch spurts flame shoals sparks drifted night mrs red flannel dressing gown east end cottage lights began snap street cottage began carry mrs furniture minutes pavement underneath street light looked stall superior jumble sale heaped high chairs tables canary cage pair china dogs loudly ticking clock
vault bert floor tombs books church say sealed hundred james looked floor seen felt solid bert casually mistake took flagstones damp enthusiastic say bit deep didn vicar james mentioned didn reason bloke goes subject started reverend cemented look round torch inscriptions slipped mind till moment swear close told bloke calls james mean sort enthusiastic bit deep bert looked bert took pick began chipping round edges flagstone james sat steps tomb watched light ebbed church shadows began pack roof crowd round pillars dark oak pews
awake wake medicine love face swung pendulum fro rose high pink blur dropped divided pink blurs spinning madly wheels closed eyes feel sweat cold forehead panic cold mind lost forgotten darkness spun round buzzing head rushing water moment voice broke moment wake mother voice knew focus darkness whirled roared lost terribly important remember began struggle reaching consciousness heard groan voice doctor firm arm shoulders cold metal lips liquid tipped deftly throat automatically swallowed wildly spun panic flooding faint words flashed mind snatch music memory clutched grasping dead mrs stanton stared anxiously white face dark smudged closed eyes damp hair say suddenly sat upright eyes wide staring dead looked pleading recognition remember remember thing mattered lost
aunt jen told clear swallowed mouthful bacon wouldn think country marvellous morning sunshine streamed banners windows farmhouse kitchen glinted blue slate slabs floor willow pattern china set enormous black dresser shelf beaming toby jugs stove rainbow danced low ceiling cast sun spell handle glass milk jug warm aunt jen going indian summer fatten bit dear bread lovely haven eaten months watched small aunt jen affection bustled kitchen strictly speaking aunt cousin mother grown close friends exchanged quantities letters aunt jen left buckinghamshire romantic legends family tale wales holiday fallen love young welsh farmer home sounded welsh looked small cosily plump form bright dark eyes uncle david yard busy sheep hill farms send yearlings winter drive soon wondered
wrong steering car david evans elbows indignation tell lurched reason ask true car sort jump sideways hit rock don jump run loose stone road pretty big stone sign allies uncle drained teacup gazing top sure laughing steering checked anyway john extra fencing slid welsh unthinking bother occupied trying scorn small voice mind irrational small voice irrational suggestion want car jump part mind whispering don ask david evans dropped small shop buy postcards chugged leave land rover garage bought card showing sinister dark lake surrounded welsh looking mountains wrote sends love mother post office solemn unmistakable red brick building corner high street
feel knew outward appearances reason feel skies gentle light blue sun shone unseasonable warmth sat tractor bare backed ploughed stubbly fields singing clear tenor roar machine earth smelled clean starred hedgerows white yellow red berries hawthorn thick sweeping slopes valley began rise golden brown bracken dry tinder strange indian summer sun hazy horizon mountains lay sleeping animals muted colours changing hour brown green purple softly autumnal gentleness roamed fields gorse starred mountain feel tension mounting advancing slow relentless flood high peaks brooding end valley enmity beginning push slowly irresistibly pressure building point break overwhelm knew hidden senses feel working dark aunt jen delighted change appearance look days colour cheeks sun goes getting brown
feel weeks putting face sun bran spoke making oddly uneasy want think closely pushed mind join image flicker white muzzle bracken da thinking school bran laughed young trying persuade school boys puppies primary school village sit gate waiting grammar bus scuffed feet dust path cottages path wheels ruts hummocky grass growing cottages occupied closer converted garage looked valley mountains rose blue hazed beautiful clear sky shivered mystery wounded sheep front mind deeper uneasiness swelling countryside feel dark growing pushing focus follow gaze fierce eye power conceal presence sensed precisely
bran unhappily dogs things lot complicated don let try leads river set path looming mass rock craig yr ahead dog barked hopefully bran white head cocked side dog barked closer john rowlands big dog pen heard broke run stony grass patched path soon lost breath dropped bran disappeared round bend path ahead turned corner things slammed simultaneously consciousness sight bran talking father john rowlands sick certainty evil control happening farm recognition sudden sensing overwhelming sound smell panting bran heard pen bark thought running saw owen davies face tight deep concern looking felt foreboding clutch pit stomach john rowlands deep voice strained path stared
stood waiting looked friends sky found eagle bull glowing red glimmering saw orion club high encouraging betelgeuse rigel winking shoulder toe saw swan eagle flying bright path milky saw hazy hint distant andromeda earth neighbours tau ceti sirius dog star longing hope gazed hope salutation learning ways flown sky wheeled stars slanted changed centaur galloped overhead blue double star supporting southern cross hydra stretched lazily heavens lion marching ship sailed leisurely eternal brilliant point light curving tail blazing view half inverted bowl sky moving past stately progress knew bran survived ordeal pressed bran arm briefly saw flicker reflected light white head turned comet bran whispered softly wait flaring tail comet moved gradually sight horizon nameless
stood silent darkness rock thunder rumbled growled torches burned flickering smoky walls bran huskily grey king close rage mount higher sharpened fear fear light able thing power looked bony face tight concern perilous part quest accomplished worse peril sleepers wakened sleep till found terribly dangerously close grey king known reason hard cold grip part land understand happy valley beautiful chose kingdom grim remote place kind chosen line clear reason close place sleepers lie resting place power rock craig yr power
tumult grew bran began play sweet notes poured song lark rising wind died rattle loose pebbles tumbling rock moment lone sunbeam slanted glinted gold harp sky duller grey scrambled feet licked bran hand led slope narrow cleft sheltered fury gale felt soft rain beginning fall bran let fingers wander idly persistently strings harp intention stopping looked shook head wonder remorse enquiry squatted took muzzle hands shook dog head gently side side wonderingly shoulder bran say ancient force grey king north wind wind blows round feet dead dead blasted tomorrow seen single tree bending high human sighted eye seen
farther north central plateau mexico mexicans live today aztec empire places anthropologists sure agriculture invented place mesopotamia present iraq chief crops toltecs ruled central mexico aztecs maize corn beans squash grew ate tomatoes chili peppers foods unknown europe africa asia lands invaded poor primitive warlike aztecs aztecs quickly learned skills toltecs excellent farmers aztecs learned mine gold silver copper turn metals magnificent jewelry art sculpture aztecs built capital tenochtitlan sat island center lake site included mexico capital mexico city capital city easily defended entered causeways joined shore drawbridges pulled safety large lake aztecs large woven reed baskets covered earth artificial islands lived farmed incas aztecs emperor emperor powerful nobles elected emperor needed support order rule elected emperor considered descendant chief aztec god quetzalcoatl
puritans sure nearly complete control colony company massachusetts bay company commercial charter charters virginia plymouth left england leaders migration met shareholders wished remain england persuaded sell shares planned america shareholders voted move company massachusetts puritans able charter america crown reach government important massachusetts puritans interested making money believed higher purpose serve intertwined religious beliefs discontent england create ideal vetoed crown left charter england america puritans gave vote company officials colony officials actual settlers merely invested money massachusetts puritans established representative assembly called general court consisted freemen owned land members official church non puritans excluded government violated colony charter counter order england distance difficult charles control puritans colonists found acknowledged crown authority able pleased home
chesapeake bay region tobacco grew country low land broad rivers creeks deep small trading ships sail land washed ocean tides country known tidewater large cities developed colonial times tidewater english merchants sail vessels docks larger plantations activities cities buying selling banking social held sway week exciting ships arrived servants slaves rolled barrels tobacco ships poorer farmers wharves gathered bargain dance race sailors enlivened scene tales strange lands visited tobacco sold goods tobacco planters ordered previous received tobacco planters rarely received gold silver coin crop mercantilist policy discouraged cash payment colonials practice matter mercantilism forbade forms manufacture colonies trade countries planters needed goods tobacco ships carried planters tobacco worth goods ordered received bills credit redeemed goods future cash circulated southern colonies tidewater planters lived comfortable elegant close connections england tobacco merchants wealthier planters imitated manners fashions english upper class
confederation government able repay million borrowed france netherlands spain revolutionary war government moved fund debt issuing bonds pay gradually establish credit abroad united states needed credit cash poor country future times crisis government need borrow money abroad hamilton insisted congress fund million confederation government borrowed american citizens war james madison ally fight ratify constitution rose oppose plan madison believed repaying debts put money buying bonds country fighting independence selling bonds governments borrow money purchased bonds revolution owned confederation looked bonds repaid original lenders sold speculators tenth original price months hamilton proposal public speculators knew advance spread rumor government honor bonds able buy bargain rates madison felt united states government reward unscrupulous dishonest locate original owners public paper actually loaned money government need domestic debt funded face
george washington carefully surrounded ceremonies reminded europeans royal court sensitive john adams insisted strict formality jefferson dined entertained visitors gourmet dinners fuss formality service jefferson believed citizens republic informal dinner guests simply gathered table ordinary home white house jefferson answered door bathrobe worn slippers wear powdered wig predecessors allowed red hair hang loosely shoulders republican simplicity easier fact capital moved elegant philadelphia city washington months jefferson president washington white marble buildings today city brand white house capitol congress met joined muddy dirt track hacked forest senators congressmen lived ramshackle boarding houses wives children stayed home person lost washington confusing busy streets wilderness european style formality ridiculous place style changed jefferson allowed alien sedition acts expire pardoned jailed request congress repealed law required foreigner reside united states citizen
john calhoun south carolina knew daniel webster age congress young early decades crossed paths washington senate executive branch government webster secretary presidents ran presidency calhoun vice president presidents secretary war secretary fourth died calhoun webster political enemies webster spoke industrial northeast calhoun agricultural south sections hostile webster spoke high tariffs strong sovereign national government calhoun insisted low tariffs believed states authority central government calhoun congress strong nationalist advocate military force spokesman high protective tariff political reflection effects industrial revolution south calhoun born plantation system slavery appeared dying south tobacco chief cash crop raised plantations slaves growing marketing price tobacco declined steadily early republic result loss british market
late spaniards mexicans mexico took interest mountainous deserts north french british began expand mexican borderlands viceroys mexico moved confirm spain claims american southwest roman catholic friars mexico established strings missions rio grande san antonio river protect tiny outposts lands fierce indians spaniards founded presidios forts strategic locations site present san antonio texas northernmost spanish mexican settlement north american interior santa fe sangre de cristo mountains modern mexico existence threatened rebellions pueblo indians nearby taos santa fe held center thriving economy based mining fur trapping cattle raising trading indians california settled later texas mexico response british visits magnificent coast lonely fur trapping outposts founded russians alaska franciscan priest father junipero serra hiked tirelessly coast urging indians build missions sites improve standard living converted christianity live completion plan serra idea space missions walk real royal road
bull run taught sides war quickly key victory train troops rest recruitment drilling drilling sides jefferson davis general joseph johnston charge confederate armies period lincoln replaced mcdowell general george mcclellan known ability organize army summer fall planning lincoln winfield scott decided northern strategy consist war fronts army potomac principal northern force east maintain constant pressure richmond virginia washington richmond close defense meant pressuring scott pointed numerous trained confederate troops army northern virginia scott virginian understood southern commanders johnston lee jackson thought war defense war confederacy pressed virginia bring skills bear important union strategy front west lincoln readily agreed major union push mississippi river object reopen river trade states northwest split confederacy loyal texas force commanded sam houston fight texas confederates draw texas cut rest south
united states major industrial power largest factories capitalized billion civil war united states farmer country percent live farms small farm towns thought traditional terms farmers majority politicians catered point view scarcely million worked industrial jobs women children vote factory workers insignificant political force scarcely important policy makers black indians rapidly changing nationwide strike railway workers shook nation foundations upheavals billion invested american factories million worked industrial jobs industrial production united states surpassed britain put united states place position holds today american understood ill lived industrial capitalist nation longer agrarian republic fate rooted deeply black coal red iron soil respect united states handicapped drive massive industrial development
study history depends greatly written records centuries set clay stone wood bone paper systems writing keeping records story human progress older period written records called prehistory significant events history took place prehistoric times exact dates achievements known names women part history learn achievements distant past scientists study evidence human past prehistoric times comes unwritten evidence tools drawings pottery weapons jewelry objects prehistoric objects left earliest part prehistory simple stone tools weapons period named stone age scientists fields carry research stone age lived accomplished evidence find form artifacts objects shaped human beings evidence provided fossils human animal bones teeth traces left rocks plants animals scientists examine evidence ways archeologists study places prehistoric lived looking remains homes graves towns examining artifacts found related field anthropology scientists study artifacts bones clues try determine looked ate lived characteristics
europe asia meet eastern end mediterranean sea peninsula asia minor map page ancient times peninsula coast south crossroads traders nomadic herders invading armies peoples migrated region settled ancient times peoples area included hittites lydians phoenicians hebrews peoples important contributions civilization europeans migrate east known aryans began migrate homeland northeast black sea traveled directions south west migrated aryans took distinctive language today language called european ancestor nearly languages spoken europe india group aryans settled mountains western asia minor mixed living known hittites hoping gain control trade routes northern mesopotamia hittites invaded area raided babylon syria palestine challenged egypt power hittite empire included asia minor northern syria hittites learn iron eastern peoples bronze hittite artisans discovered iron ore iron ironworking difficult working bronze required higher temperatures techniques iron rare mainly religious objects swords statues presented royal gifts
early history rome small town tiber river central part italian peninsula location gave rome advantages fertile plains support large population tiber provided route sea giving rome opportunity foreign trade rome located heart italy expand directions greeks etruscans influence roman culture early settlers rome called latins peoples living italian peninsula greek colonists established city states sicily southern italy romans adopted alphabet military techniques styles literature art architecture called etruscans lived prosperous trading cities north west rome etruscans romans learned practical skills sanitation road building architecture pottery making seventh century etruscans controlled rome land nearby etruscan kings ruled rome hundred reign rome grew city built hills tiber forum central public square built hills romans establish government king according tradition romans drove etruscan ruler established republic government king roman republic king democracy athens leaders class wealthy landowners called patricians
late century roman empire divided eastern western regions eastern provinces thrived western regions weakened attacks germanic tribes gradually center power empire shifted rome eastern mediterranean west fell invaders page effect empires civilization took shape east called byzantine civilization endured thousand capital built roman empire emperor diocletian divided roman empire moved imperial court asia minor emperor continued rule italy rome longer center empire emperor constantine founded capital city empire called constantinople built site ancient greek city byzantium peninsula straits bosporus waterway regarded traditional dividing line europe asia capital fortress city perfectly situated resist attack land sea seaward sides peninsula protected sea single wall land side wide moat massive walls centuries invaders tried vain break constantinople defenses byzantine civilization develops empire constantinople center byzantine empire developed eastern roman empire byzantine culture blending influences
religious beliefs customs major force everyday indian society simple tribal religion aryans developed gradually complex beliefs hinduism hinduism drew traditions evolved stayed flexible dominant faith india upanishads set basic ideas hinduism hundreds priests memorized passed hymns poems vedas religious thinkers commented hymns speculated ideas famous collection writings upanishads date discuss basic ideas wrong universal order human destiny upanishads describe spirit supreme principle called brahman hindus believe spirit present living creature part spirit goal hindu return brahman absorbed universal spirit hindus believe achieve goal human soul progress purer expect accomplish lifetime believe soul reborn bodies purified quickly slowly purification happens depends understood simply accumulated bad acts previous lives hindus believe assures person reborn
tokugawa policies bring prosperity system alternate attendance unexpected results japan economy network major roads linked daimyo lands edo towns inns busy markets grew serve travelers merchants artisans prospered family businesses grew large companies merchants bankers control country wealth merchants ranked low socially wealth improve status merchant pay poor samurai family adopt son raise samurai peasant farmers poorer heavy taxes rice prospered growing cash crops sell townspeople commerce important profitable agriculture edo soon japan largest wealthiest city million osaka financial capital daimyo samurai sold rice crops estates obtain cash affect samurai daimyo merchants peasants prospered tokugawa daimyo samurai rapidly fell financial trouble incomes agriculture especially rice heavily taxed benefit increased trade prosperity towns pay resulting higher prices daimyo expenses alternate attendance edo high keeping luxurious houses traveling edo took half income trained professional soldiers samurai found unemployed peace tokugawa period shared financial troubles daimyo income salary paid rice feudal lord
joint stock companies formed took large amounts money send ships voyages asia americas profits risks ships completed dangerous ocean voyage individual merchants afford high costs asian voyage loss ship sea finance trading voyages type business arrangement joint stock company developed operated modern corporation investors purchased shares stock gave part ownership business arrangement attracted large amounts money reduced risk individual investors successful joint stock companies english east india company dutch east india company profitable voyage english company returned percent investors centuries dutch east india company paid stockholders annual dividends averaging percent rulers encouraged formation joint stock companies granting enterprises privileges return fixed share companies profits queen elizabeth shareholder voyage francis drake golden hind share profits venture elizabeth paid england foreign debts balanced national budget large sum left invest outlook emphasizes hard thrift class rich traders wealth money goods feudalism wealth meant land
foreign rulers strengthen hungarian kingdom hungary rest eastern europe overrun mongol invaders page half population killed country devastated line rulers died hungarian nobles gave crown saint stephen charles robert anjou descendant norman knights distant members family claiming throne charles introduced western feudal practices ideals chivalry encouraged trade growth towns charles married daughter polish king son louis ruled hungary forty known louis patron learning louis continued father feudal policies attempt limit nobles power rulers territories east vassals hungarian king south hungary defend ottoman turks moving eastern europe ottomans continued threaten hungary fourteenth fifteenth centuries hungary remained powerful central europe battle page turks defeated hungarians hungarian king killed hapsburgs claimed crown hungary ottomans continued advance hungary ottoman rule province transylvania preserved independence rulers resisted control turks hapsburgs poland emerges power central europe
britain seeks revenue colonies french indian war effect colonists wars france costly british grenville decided american colonies benefited wars pay large part cost grenville step clamp smuggling britain collecting tax revenues called strict measures enforce laws british naval vessels assigned patrol american waters catch smugglers dishonest officials enforce laws replaced ignore smuggling finally colonists accused smuggling tried british judges juries fellow colonists parliament took steps increase revenues help pay cost running colonies passed sugar act lowered tax imported molasses hopes fewer colonists smuggle avoid paying tax act imposed taxes luxury goods sugar coffee wine colonies imported reduce cost stationing troops north america parliament passed quartering act required colonists provide living quarters supplies british troops finally parliament passed stamp act tax printed matter newspapers pamphlets playing cards licenses deeds legal documents advertisements colonists protest grenville plan colonists outraged grenville program
human expression history introduce cultures past present peoples study text find peoples cultures basic needs common fulfill needs ways attitudes values differ greatly reasons regions developed ways looking web social religious political economic factors centuries underlie developments learning nations pasts begin understand issues face today arms race human rights problems connected economic development environment study book mind facts cultures develop culture region alike live india culturally live japan major regions cultures influence things trade conquests recently worldwide telecommunications features culture carried known cultural diffusion theme runs book late century interdependence technology economics nations connected happens part affect happens parts
religions begin middle east judaism ancient hebrews gave knowledge god called yahweh hebrews descendants jewish today preserved knowledge god writings jewish bible part sacred writings christianity islam jewish bible consists parts prophets books moses known book genesis begins creation ends joseph egypt books concern moses covenant agreement hebrews god exodus book relates journey israelites egypt set instructions worship numbers account hebrews wandering desert moses summarizes law god gave hebrews book ends death edge promised land part jewish bible prophets account activities sermons words prophets means sacred writings collection psalms poems proverbs history christian bible parts called testament testament means covenant christians believe coming jesus christ covenant god testament half christian bible account teachings jesus disciples
osman othman turkish chiefs began expand territory considered founder sultan ottoman empire osman died extended ottoman land black sea grandson murad extended territory north sea marmara seized adrianople byzantines renamed edirne ottomans continued eat weakened byzantine empire mid constantinople surrounded ottoman lands mehmed ii ottomans captured city capital empire byzantine empire declining steadily crusades byzantines regained control constantinople looted crusaders power greatly reduced marks end byzantine empire constantinople ottomans control strategic area bosporus dardanelles bosporus narrow strait connects black sea north sea marmara south dardanelles strait connects sea marmara aegean sea south straits marmara form link black mediterranean seas possession waterways played critical role destiny ottoman empire controlled controlled traffic russia mediterranean selim began rule ambitious leader dreamed ottoman empire connected europe asia
born northwestern india destined single person unify indians gain freedom hindu named mohandas gandhi later adoring indian called mahatma means soul mahatma generally known india gandhi london study law returned india practice south africa law case stayed fight discrimination indians conceived put practice idea mass resistance nonviolence called soul force soul force basic beliefs held believed injuring living returning love hate evil unselfishness selfishness gandhi believed conquering power goodness tormented enemies imprisoned handled roughly police struck suffered silence patience end government south africa agreed change practices gandhi fought nonviolence gandhi returned india assassinated worked peace unity freedom indian dressed simple piece white cloth ate owned asked fought guns clubs bare hands pleaded stop
chiang turned communists began wipe retreated shensi province retreat known march covered kilometers miles historic importance followers mao tung founders chinese communist party mao established headquarters yenan communists continued fight chiang nationalist forces japanese invaded northern china took manchuria set puppet manchu emperor head began push southward seized control nanking seacoast cities war japan continued greater numbers chinese joined mao forces part moral economic breakdown occurred china result war part widespread corruption government officials occurred sympathy mao communists expressed sufferings end war ii communists held parts china civil war nationalist government chiang communists mao tung communists complete control mainland china set capital peking ancient capital mongol conquerors chinese dynasties mao followers established republic china communist system government communism government controls economy
descendants khmers khmers peoples living present lands thailand kampuchea south vietnam indian traders set trading posts area century traders helped form southern kampuchea known eventually spread coasts gulf siam south china sea based chiefly sea river communications powerful government held partly shared hindu buddhist religions north khmers originated founded grew khmer empire khmers enlarged territory mixed number peoples combined hindu buddhist chinese native cultures peak development reached khmer empire capital angkor areas controlled khmers written language passed alphabet built reservoirs stone surfaced roads temples wonders architecture tiles lead capital city adorned sculpture khmers built hundred hospitals care sick khmers remarkable astronomers khmer society headed nobles priests positions based hindu buddhist teachings
unit learned african farmers grow live extra sell produce agricultural surpluses nations need land productive permanent farming replace slash burn agriculture farmers need plant greater variety crops methods green revolution improved seeds modern farm tools equipment fertilizers african farmers able greatly increase crop output produce surpluses export african nations taking steps direction nigeria working food sufficient leading exporter peanuts palm oil nation dependent food imports recent ivory coast agricultural resources highest capita incomes african nations leading exporter cacao coffee palm oil exports include timber bananas cotton pineapples oil free enterprise encouraged cameroon steady progress economy agricultural resources country generally food sufficient countries surplus crops export depend crops sell niger senegal rely peanuts cotton cash crops limited crop economy disaster nation harvest bad price crop fall market true minerals industry
northwest mountains northern european plain large portions france belgium netherlands denmark parts england sweden finland lie region plain fertile soil productive farmland continental europe suffers severe shortage oil resources generally rich minerals especially coal iron natural resources found countries western europe mountain ranges created natural regions areas western northern central southern regions british isles england scotland wales northern ireland republic ireland small islands belgium luxembourg netherlands france included western natural region western europe countries temperate humid climate north atlantic drift drift ocean current part gulf stream brings warm water north atlantic ocean western winds pick warm water carry overland falls rain climate milder northerly location suggest moist damp islands area separated rest europe english channel lands part continent sections submerged earlier age isolation british isles greatly influenced history development france seaports rivers trade rich soil farming natural resources industry
romans found philosophies adaptable needs greek ideas especially interesting greek scholars brought rome romans greece study romans republic influenced stoics stoic insistence obligations citizens appealed romans ideas duty public spiritedness stoic idea unity agreed roman idea empire natural law applied peoples supported romans expanding rule attracted teachings stoics cicero studied law rome philosophy greece rome greatest lawyers orators held important government offices cicero believed roman republic opposed imperial policies caesar cicero accepted idea natural law believed virtuous accord individuals derived rights natural law human institutions advised pursue virtue indifferent pain grief cooperate guided reason cicero teachings influence development roman law seneca born cordoba spain studied lived rome patrician teacher chief advisor emperor nero author scientific writings playwright philosopher
look note endless variety substances forms concrete walls wooden desks glass windows metal pipes trees clouds rivers fish list wish invent schemes explain endless variety material things terms fewer simpler things things conceivably units putting variety ways bricks ways wall house doorstop paved street ago greek philosopher democritus conceived small units called atoms democritus atoms kinds ideas important word atom word explain help predict properties matter understand kind place modern chemistry physics give meaningful account properties matter account meaning start beginning throw words step filled experiments perform words ideas correspond real reach conclusions process consciously unconsciously
suppose pennies stacked top piles want pennies pile obvious thing count count pennies piles speed counting scale shown figure marking spaces equal thickness penny place scale alongside pile read number pennies want measure amount copper pile pennies decide unit measure amount copper choose unit amount copper penny amount pile expressed number number pennies suppose want find copper solid rectangular bar copper think making box size shape copper bar counting number pennies needed fill box idea place pennies rectangular box empty space measure amount copper bar choose unit volume small cube suppose box size shape copper bar fill cubes copper size fit air spaces
experiment shown figure strongly suggests volume measure amount substance difficulties suppose wanted find amount gas distillation wood measure volume gas produced filling bottles displacing water gas left bottle unit volume express volume bottles gas collect gas inverted water filled graduated cylinders bottles express volume cubic centimeters pumped bicycle tire air gas compressible push gas tire volume remains unchanged mean amount gas tire remains unchanged compressed gas obtained distillation wood smaller volume finally volume compare amounts substances solids liquids gases consider distillation wood measuring volume wood ashes liquids gas tell substances limitations volume measure amount matter known centuries ago developed method measuring amounts substances independently volumes
looked properties help distinguish substances found properties depend substance shape properties melting point boiling point density suppose measured melting points samples matter found measured boiling points found suspect samples substance expect differ density properties table shows depend properties distinguish substances true measurements highly accurate group table substances boiling points nearly melting points hard measure properties carefully substances measurement densities prove question substances group density nearly boiling point told melting points compared densities conclude substances group measured melting points decide substances group compared densities boiling points melting points conclude
rocks metals materials slightly soluble water measure small amounts dissolve water liquid substances dissolve water dissolve easily liquids case solubilities substances liquids distinguish materials soluble water investigate wood alcohol grain alcohol common liquids solvents increase stock tools investigating matter wood alcohol implies wood fact liquid collected distillation wood wood alcohol ancient syrians heated wood order obtain liquids tars resulted watery liquids including alcohol mixed liquids solvents fuel lamps tars fill seams boats preserve wood rot mortar bricks method syrians making substances distilled wood apparatus cruder lengths wood stacked closely dishlike depression top mound earth drain ran middle depression collection pit wood covered green branches wet leaves fire started inside pile
gas dissolving magnesium sulfuric acid produced centuries ago action sulfuric acid metals called inflammable air burned later discovered inflammable air burns produces gas easily condensed liquid liquid found boil freeze density dissolve substances water fact properties liquid water considered highly unlikely produced water burned gas hydrogen ago hydro prefix means water gen suffix means producing generating gases give water burned hydrogen dense air gases thought hydrogen marsh gas called methane known thousands produced vegetable matter decaying bottoms lakes marshes slowly bubbles surface water gas nearly low density hydrogen substance density gases measured reasonable accuracy marsh gas found substance hydrogen
melting points boiling points table temperature reach laboratory cool things low temperatures method cooling gases depends fact highly compressed gases cool allowed expand figure shows effect cool air temperatures low air high pressure room temperature flows tube center escapes small opening bottom escapes expands cools flow started escaping air cool condense liquid air escaping cold air flows past tube cools air moving inside tube air inside escapes bottom cold cools expansion apparatus run expanding air cools condenses liquid collects bottom apparatus course apparatus shown figure insulated inside cold actual liquid air machines complicated simplified diagram shows operate principle thing produce low temperatures measure usual calibrating liquid thermometer mark stem liquid levels thermometer melting ice boiling water
experiment mixed oxygen hydrogen gas test tube happened ignited mixture violent reaction occurred proper equipment gases separated ignition cooling oxygen condensed leaving hydrogen gas method worked mixture gases ignited result ignition gases combined form compound water vapor separated hydrogen oxygen condensation combining substances form compound called synthesis process opposite decomposition electrolyzed water found ratio volume hydrogen volume oxygen produced matter water decomposed ratio remained course expected water source combine hydrogen oxygen proportions combine volume ratio answer question try adding volumes hydrogen fixed volume oxygen igniting mixture measuring gas remains uncombined experiment filled special shock resistant glass tube water inverted tray water volume oxygen bubbled bottom tube
sections studied synthesis compounds water oxygen hydrogen zinc chloride zinc hydrochloric acid found hydrogen oxygen combine definite mass ratio matter proportion mix gases ignited hydrogen oxygen react definite proportion produce water zinc chloride produced experiment result zinc combining chlorine hydrochloric acid ratio mass zinc reacted mass zinc chloride constant independent excess hydrochloric acid zinc means ratio zinc chlorine combined constant consider water zinc chloride compounds mixtures characteristic properties substances substances combine constant proportion form compounds investigated law conservation mass experiments compounds formed experiment heated copper sulfur substance suppose repeat experiment keeping mass copper constant varying mass sulfur find mass copper reacts remains constant ratio mass product independent sulfur
sunday jacksons walked miles baptist church jesse parents sang church choir young jesse church fun fun watch black minister preach chant stirring minds hearts fun sing gospel songs sway clap music things church jesse spoke pulpit christmas pageant chosen national sunday school convention convention held charlotte north carolina jesse jesse louis jackson born greenville south carolina october greenville small city foothills blue ridge mountains worked textile mills mills produced fabrics clothes products greenville called textile capital jesse growing blacks treated class citizens money lived poorest sections town blacks didn rights white south white group called ku klux klan tried things jesse born members ku klux klan marched greenville white robes klan tried frighten blacks terror members met night carried burning crosses klan beat killed black
winning support ministers easy ministers trust young organizers feared social action whites harder blacks powerful politicians threatened minister reverend clay evans agreed help jackson church getting ready start building soon politicians learned joined jackson refused let build church reverend evans helping jackson real church heart brick church monument helping monument lord martin luther king chicago started chicago freedom movement campaign rid ghettos jesse jackson played big part campaign joined freedom movement took part marches sit ins refused pay rent strikes times attacked angry mobs policemen jesse received gash head brick hurled jackson hard courage known civil rights leader age aide martin luther king jackson youngest aide staff dr king chose jackson head chicago branch operation breadbasket operation breadbasket part aim create jobs blacks help black owned businesses
jews bible jesse jackson fought set free struggle freedom going jackson south africa country million blacks million whites ruled whites south africa blacks civil rights live wanted vote elections white workers paid black workers called apartheid jackson spoke huge crowds blacks south africa crowd gathered hear town jackson shouted crowd crowd roared black poor lost hope god child crowd echoed black poor lost hope god child excited surged forward picked reverend jackson put shoulders carried triumph united states jackson carried struggle freedom martin luther king called black social action wrong protest unjust treatment harming blacks thought violence protest white miami police officers charged murder black white jury found police officers innocent murder charges blacks miami believed whites guilty
think worst thirteen hundred sixty days thirteen makes thousand days worst worse stole dollar mother dresser bought princess pat paper doll set worse christmas sister julia appendix burst wait hours hospital find worse bring home report card social studies catherine mother awful things going happen today mother going cleaning lady camden woods live lots cleaning ladies visit friends amy house cleaning lady comes door regular clothes cleaning lady dress shopping bag bathroom lunch amy mother sets places dining room amy sisters cleaning lady eats kitchen amy sisters mess playroom spill pieces games floor build houses couch cushions throw candy papers cleaning lady supposed clean feel funny amy house cleaning lady days
julia sure students camden high school row trees nathan photographer taking pictures yearbook julia editor late school julia checking house night nathan picture candid section yearbook junior high hope hate ask think nathan julia perfect match wish romance married child aunt julia says won think getting married julia going city planner applied yale barnard camden community college case don accept julia plain brilliant going valedictorian class junior high high school took class mechanical drawing school advanced wish julia smart sure wanted wonder decide sell shoes want drive buses lawyers factories
karen mrs period teacher likes kids class called human relations talk interesting things problem george class friends jimmy bernie muller wish think signed thought easy class couldn found involved sort funny relate humans human relations class diane johnson giving report employment camden woods seventy percent employed camden woods town city factory parkway mayfield small stores services class parent parents city asked mrs kids raised hands didn george george father liquor store think lives florida talked city helpers grade school george raise hand say father store funny ideas change grow kids love store carry mail drive bus
jenny jenny happens favorite names consider naming child nice young couple mom writer saw cover magazine coffee table mrs look twenty turns psychologist eastern hospital works brain damaged children elderly patients going baby worked mrs home maternity leave weeks going part afternoons care baby works home anyway study catherine desk length room covered papers bookshelves floor ceiling books piled floor says clean room person tell trash important sounds nice nice baby doll wait listen cathy mom part asked babysit weekends
held hand pulled pleased meet guess don want shake hand pleased meet young lady father show picture girl say didn realize age father smiling jim half cup won hurt bob sorry barge folks part town stopping bob habit planning open think normal tomorrow dad catherine help set things re lucky hope girl yes julia hope fine help catherine started explain helpful julia tipping cap looking watch turning front doorknob god bless honey care bob dad don tip paint cans ha ha pretty quiet left nice dad pays kids lunches care center
wasn sure afraid dumb think karen amy stop liking told mom cleaning lady guess worried feel mom re treating housework special boss ignore amy mother cleaning lady maid karen house real mother real person want understand school karen rode amy bus talk worked home chris bus quieter bus george don protecting karen amy squeezed seat front chris johnny stone kidding suspended surprised let bus johnny yeah innocent chris problem don look criminals wear big red lady scarlet letter wore warn stop don dumb actually fun kid days feeling guilty things getting normal tell karen amy mom
karen don nerve babies things wrong watch minute amy going amy say karen wait till grow married want baby going amy bet won maybe play flute orchestras fun concerts hey karen turned set minute music blared contestants kind dance single smiling bert parks cheered funniest thing bert parks believes miss america important event moment beautiful talented young ladies worked dedication began introduce candidates poor girls names laugh miss nevada donna mae cusp miss tennessee linda broke mary alice miss louisiana bert parks trouble sure fellows whistle ha ha mary alice karen shouted imagine comes mary alice ideal
worked yearbook office school week shy didn belonged eighth grader couldn stand think trying sneak sister julia wasn need help glad glad loved office altman advisor nice julia big fuss myers special able beat deadline set wasn easy galley proofs seniors names checked exact spelling top printed stuff worked girl tenth grader named alice hendricks read words typed copy printer check actually printed called proofreading change mistake alice sign margin galley proof sign told printer capitalize letter close empty space fix word spelled wrong learn symbols asked alice hard times learn
mom tears eyes smiling look beautiful beautiful show father quickly barely school thirty julia laughed known set school program grade school threatened happen didn hour early sit wait concert kids nervous excited threw mind mom going tonight clara dad shouted coming going late julia ran coming dad called ran julia wonderful look julia turned cath smiled looked mom started stairs turned catherine shower dressed fast intend leave house promptly going hard find parking place school late night nights phone rang dad answered julia aunt rose julia ran phone mom yelled don talk tell rose nice aunt rose call certainly bad timing
atlanta georgia large sprawling city foot blue ridge mountains today heavily industrial cosmopolitan center known unofficial capital south southern cities blacks live late war ii growth industrialization atlanta highly segregated mass black population wasn place live area jim crow south small middle class black population atlanta avoided grinding circumstances black southern teachers ministers doctors proud dignified instilled feelings children promoted education means achieve success downtown insulted streets expected shop store denied privilege drinking soda fountains eating lunch counters able live comparative dignity quiet neighborhoods neighborhood located vicinity auburn avenue atlanta hill poor black ghetto area reverend martin luther king sr wife alberta lived story gingerbread style house ebenezer baptist church reverend king pastor highly regarded black community families ministers traditionally roots deep
morehouse martin matured begin understand concepts philosophy deeply interested writings religious philosophers changed mind ministry firmly entering profession realized black religion types religion studying church center black lives churches institutions black community place feel secure believed god cared loved lives hard demeaning trusted lord rewarded heaven happy church safe church church give vent emotions show worked low paying backbreaking jobs week slavery times decades black religion evolved highly emotional religion intellectual substance martin opinion poorer church louder shouting father black middle class church lacking emotionalism reverend king sermons filled exhortations parishioners love god patient burdens earthly prelude heaven equal reward patience martin delivering sermons
compared montgomery atlanta downright liberal segregated conditions prevailed white attitudes blacks place deeply ingrained montgomery dangerous arrived martin warned try resist question prevailing social order understood meant grown circumstances martin troubled saw divisions black community realized result extreme racism alabama whites wished brother minister fashion remained atlanta comfortable knew expect expected martin wanted bring change times wondered easier city grown friends young black pastor montgomery reverend ralph david told home pastor baptist church grown montgomery accustomed racially vicious ways talked possibilities change earlier united states supreme court ruled brown topeka board education case segregated schools whites blacks supposedly separate equal unconstitutional
tone civil rights movement changing martin luther king jr control support tactics confrontation employed sncc young militants tactics worked represented departure nonviolent philosophy king held dear admit effective leaders hoped regain control movement adopting tone confrontation youthful militants publicly working negotiate authorities scenes city birmingham alabama selected site massive civil rights crusade april plans drawn secret officials kennedy administration informed king leaders hoped win fight federal assistance needed help wanted sure forthcoming kings fourth child bernice born martin busy wife birmingham beginning crusade hoped bring civil rights movement nonviolent philosophy demonstrators urged refrain violence fist tongue heart goal desegregation reconciliation whites victory signed pledge committing prison king hoped pack birmingham jails overflowing crusade began quietly student sit ins downtown lunch counters
sunday september sixteenth street baptist church birmingham bombed killing girls attending sunday school hopes end white racist violence crushed tragically veritable murder black children house worship showed south travel path peaceful coexistence races black americans begun recover shock senseless killing reaching tragedy occurred november john kennedy inspired admiration loyalty black america president abraham lincoln assassinated dallas texas police custody assassin lee harvey oswald murdered dallas restaurant owner named jack ruby martin luther king jr sat front television set home atlanta watching replay events coverage slain president funeral despaired rage hostility grip country end hundred miles north jefferson city missouri inmates missouri penitentiary watched television coverage discussed kennedy assassination prisoners stated certainty lee harvey oswald paid killing murders king million million want collect james earl ray fellow inmates looked ray incredulity chuckled breath
james earl ray successful fourth attempt escape jefferson city prison april help fellow prisoners hid storage box bread inmates nearby prison farm soon truck left prison grounds pried lid prison free missouri prison authorities discovered escape announced fifty dollar reward information leading whereabouts capture small amount convicted burglar serving twenty sentence penitentiary minuscule amount later subject largest history northern cities erupted mass race riots summer detroit michigan newark jersey harlem york scenes looting burning black violence civil rights movement lives civil rights leaders influence fact leaders influence riots movement destructive expression frustration anger goal expression king stayed riot torn cities knew afraid civil rights movement ended months resurrected part larger movement poor races
fall senate intelligence committee began extensive inquiry activities cia fbi inquiry history organization fbi formed special domestic detective force department justice cia established independent agency charged gathering information purposes capabilities countries organizations begun special congressional hearings establish need hearings witnesses congressmen expressed fears proposed organizations abuse powers infringe rights ordinary citizens senate intelligence committee hearings revealed fears founded members committee learned chilling unalienable rights spelled declaration independence contrary committee findings questionable illegal activities part fbi incontrovertible evidence agency harassed spied martin luther king jr vengeance edgar hoover engaged amounted personal vendetta king started seemingly king criticized hoover assigning racially biased agents southern field offices responsible investigating murders civil rights workers criticism prompted hoover label king notorious liar country november
persons actively interested james earl ray case divided main groups called conspiracy backers ray conspiracy backers differ regarding set king killing gave ray orders reporter jim bishop think group wealthy birmingham racists chicago daily news reporter carl rowan think american communists convinced edgar hoover king helping soviet union writer american living germany written book called james earl ray hoax believe ray dupe cia plot links assassination president john kennedy king assassination according meant strike fear hearts black deprive effective leadership ray differ regarding ray motive think vicious racist believe expected eventually receive reward killing king believe lifelong loser wanted fame money bit criminals confess major crimes committed order attention majority ray think motivated combination racism greed desire attention major aspects case groups disagree motive
ray supporters consider ray story damaging don think inconsistent attorney bernard april maintained scene crime asked detailed questions photographic memory bound discrepancies controversy continues ray versus conspiracy backers conspiracy backers ray group varied consisting motives suspect motives suspicion conspiracy group ranges confirmed wingers respected newsmen white reporter jim bishop wrote days martin luther king jr black chicago daily news reporter carl rowan ray group ranges fbi justice department disclosures illegal activities cast suspicion activities respected authors spent months investigating case frank george mcmillan group comprises exploiters gain according poll majority american public favors conspiracy theory statement human psychology correct perception shocked dismayed assassination major leader occurs accept lone responsible accept feel frightened nation survive leaders open bullets mentally deranged assassins
alex mother standing close pear tree wearing fuzzy woolen leg warmers huge knitted coat pictures reindeer red scarf virginia need alex stood dumped pumpkin fence sheep virginia dropped quarters dime grass bend able virginia enormous pregnant twins belly blocked view ground fell alex gave quarters found dime tied shoe thanks virginia need advice pointed think ready branches pear tree glass bottle end inside twigs leaves pears spring virginia pushed bottle branch blossoms summer pears grown sweetened inside bottle fat crowding plan pears ripe virginia pull bottle tree leaving fruit inside fill bottle pear nectar trick sister caroline caroline guess virginia pears bottle pick asked virginia alex
chicken jake opened jacket pocket took wooden match chewed end looked windows stove virginia standing beneath tree hands folded belly jake balled newspaper broke sticks giant hands filled woodstove wadded paper sticks pushed couple logs light fire alex asked maybe jake struck match rodeo belt buckle lit paper threw match fire alex noticed wolf spider jake neck fuzzy babies holding body wolf spiders carry babies alex says asked jake dad alex moved tooth entomologist remember remember jake dad says bite bother re alex mess wolf spiders pulled tooth tongue says huh jake jammed log stove looked virginia gazing landscape hills fading farms fading cypress trees turning black think pretty alex looking spider jake looking virginia
jake walked stiffly door alex opened walked porch sky thick gray salmon colored blue windows clouds feel asked alex jake unsnapped snaps sleeves front opened shirt chest tattoo eagle taking landing let shirt drop floor spider front reported alex shook shirt maybe jeans alex maybe jeans jeans jake quickly undid rodeo belt boots alex boots jake sat boards boot yellow rose jake stitched side help asked okay alex grappled boot checked pulled checked sock spider tugged boot pull harder jake alex pulled struggled harder boot smacked alex mouth ouch alex put tongue gap knocked tooth looked boot boot jake spider alex tooth rolled boot hand examine jake hurry alex dropped tooth boot
sure parts story happened miss ghost remember affection lingers mind sweetness meet fantasy imagination owed rest story real true odd odd person strange story think felt odd unlucky small remember asking father children re pet slower friends aloof contained wrong mother love demanded difficult father answer took sadly mother wanted son set heart boy born edward love pointed mind pet love father comfortingly yes snuggling convinced knew later felt difference acutely stood cold bleak parents home love pitiless
grannie lived house big half rooms shut wouldn move smaller rented house belong maggie jean village clean house cook look grannie maggie jean wasn bright bit simple treacle scones let help kitchen took nearly train reach grannie home scotland comics read box sandwiches potato eat bottle milk drink suitcase rack brought necessities rest mrs pepper later thought mrs pepper gazed window train fields animals houses flying past liked mrs pepper comfortable didn nag bother kind hugged goodbye station lass found corner seat asked woman carriage eye settled journey fallen asleep wakened woman opposite tapping knee
enjoyed living grannie real character dear lady times loved excitement outings car drove wind roaring round corners tearing hills urging snorting machine steep slopes horse passed begun feel safe established secure place nightmare father illness receded thought mother grannie filled place parents began feel happy grannie summer holidays approaching surprise letter mrs pepper invitation stay weeks august want pet grannie asked mrs pepper heard miss black teacher wrote father took ill mrs pepper explained mrs pepper friend neighbor close neighbor high stair older grannie lot legs bother kind cottage nearer yes visit
things won prize christmas cake cookery school pleased mrs tucker began develop interest cooking stew sturdy toddler special pet posy longer gave trouble afraid learned side gotten mrs tucker didn tolerated school knew liked teacher miss hunt delight disparaging took aloof manner conceit suppose girls entering teens unpredictable moods variable april bad taking lot trouble essays disappointed depressed miss hunt returned blew front class felt humiliated angry try brains stood silent minute frowning classroom hoped look disdain scorn sudden stillness room class watched holding breath audible sigh lowered eyes sat place
daunted sight grandeur house stone turrets tiny slit windows high thick walls home months miss jenner settle handed matron cosy comfortable looking person put girls matron told room free put sharply embarrassed recurrence stammer matron cup coffee poured sat miss jenner took mine window seat looked yard opposite wing house grim stone narrow window sun curtain twitched face peered vanished pity room occupied thought liked presently matron took common room meet children attractive bright room comfortable chairs paintings walls shelves books girls boys early teens seated room loud rhythmic beat pop throbbed record player corner lovely matron remarked
knew turret room determined find discover occupant cleaning women village sew mend careful inquiries cleaners reply turret mysterious curiosity spurred discover find inhabitant wanted room move spend bedroom reading working disappearances common room thought strange assumed extra antisocial mood left borrow torch matron find turret light bedroom easy slip corridor part house hunt door leading turret searched chance part house sign door passed broom cupboard dozen times thought examining walls finally found door hidden brushes cleaning things
resent pad felt trust concerned gentle kind gave impression caring tea turret room tell miss ada outing decided tell spent house home want home want miss ada jealousy spoil picture face eager greedy hang words told kitten alsatian nodded approval scene avid story want mention pad mother remembered jealously reacted mrs mccann ended story abruptly rang doorbell handed kitten finished speaking usual lethargy began creep think fallen asleep minutes monstrous dream miss ada changed places young powerful dwindled shrunken poor ghost rocking chair sun woke room cold empty
month left summer holidays frequent visitor home asked call painted head wish seen likeness fugitive beauty loved possess studied painting carefully comparing face stared bottom mug pinched face loneliness miss ada saw liked changed begun blossom growing pad earlier summer letter miss black inviting spend couple weeks schoolhouse high stair matron encouraged want bear leave days tear pad parents left leave miss ada important need dependence lessened poor miss ghost soon break happen naturally left
happened weeks remember order events important thing days pad recovered memory hospital gradually grew stronger couple weeks allowed home plaster begged allowed help look matron agreed let spend part pad home nursing experience course retorted intended indispensable pad accident upset worried give thought miss ada danger began feel guilty neglecting decided amends pad home evening broom cupboard stone stair stepped turret room half expected miss ada waiting angry hurt neglect room empty say felt relieved sat waited happen short chair began rock peered anxiously dusky room miss ada mere shadow form dim hazy concentrating hard
total environment live including physical social economic factors affect health risks physical environment include exposure radiation unsafe consumer products quality air water food social environment includes family friends support caring family stress living jeopardize health factors economic environment community adequate medical services housing affect health control environmental risks limit exposure unnecessary radiation choose consumer products wisely environmental risks generally individual control part change availability medical services neighborhood affect quality air breathe reduce risks requires broader community action style live greatest affect health statistics show ten leading death related personal habits behavior words eat drink smoke drugs mental attitude handle daily stress affect health let age group age group leading death disability accidents automobile accidents think personal habits behavior lead accidental deaths injuries speeding drinking driving wearing seat belts examples teenagers actions increase risks accidents
body digests food eat breaking nutrients nutrients carried cells bloodstream cell level broken produce energy food scientists measure amount energy foods kilocalories commonly referred calories calorie amount heat required raise temperature kilogram oz water degree centigrade foods vary calorie content slice bread calories energy spread tablespoon peanut butter bread add calories term protein derived greek word meaning primary holding place nutrient aptly named accounts vital body functions protein supplies calories energy gram builds repairs maintains body texture hair nails structure muscles depend protein protein found hemoglobin substance transports oxygen cells enzymes control body processes building blocks protein known amino acids body amino acids amino acids known essential amino acids supplied food eat high quality proteins supply large amount essential amino acids animal foods milk eggs meat fish provide high quality proteins low quality proteins low essential amino acids plant foods beans peas cereal grains provide low quality proteins
upper arm single bone called humerus upper end humerus ball fits socket scapula elbow humerus joins bones lower arm turn palm hand front bones lower arm side side arm position ulna side finger radius thumb side small bones form wrist small angular bones arranged rows placement movement directions extend hand finger short bones thumb makes hand altogether bones hand arm hip bones form strong arch called pelvic girdle bones carry weight body anchor legs partly enclose pelvic organs joint joins pelvic bones spine known center lower pain ilium broad flat portion pelvic girdle powerful hip thigh muscles attached bones arch downward ilium forming base supports body sitting position pubic bones arch front join midline pelvis bones tightly fused grouped pair pelvic bones
humans instincts hard deny basic urge seeks preservation human behavior considered purely instinctive urge act basic instinct follow set behavior pattern animals instincts modified learned matthew awakened middle night sound fire alarm half asleep rushed window dormitory room saw flames shooting floor felt desperate urge save grabbed doorknob suddenly thought learned school fire drill doorknob felt hot fire door remained control returned window fire engines arrive matthew fellow students ran rooms result hospitalized smoke inhalation guided matthew behavior felt instinct run order survive behavior determined learned feelings pleasure pain called emotions play vital part determining personalities motivate behavior born capacity emotions psychologists believe emotions love anger fear develop basic instinct preservation psychologists believe emotions stem basic urge seek pleasure
family foundation society protects cares society youngest members children list important needs family fulfills child basic physical emotional needs met family learn lessons communicate share feelings acquire attitudes beliefs values family love friendship acceptance important human needs family needs met trust grows reach family circle ways family help grow happy productive member society word family mean concept family changed extended family include parents children grandparents aunts uncles cousins extended family common members extended family shared responsibilities financial support household chores raising children society changed nuclear family common term nuclear refer nuclear age means core family unit nuclear family composed mother father children nuclear family major type family country number single parent families growing number blended families members families growing hope raise mrs brown thought hurried ready
tom asked class give oral report suddenly felt tongue tied practiced prepared classmate julie hand easily gave presentation rehearsed wasn situation stressful students perceive react situation personalities shape view situation react personality largely determined experienced learned past tom experienced past failures gave oral reports similar situations experiences stress julie hand received positive feedback past gave oral reports situation stressful normal biological occur sources stress teen transition childhood adulthood body undergoes rapid dramatic profound increase production hormones affect mood emotions normal biological taking place adolescence emotional stressful period hormonal levels change female hormonal cycle hormone levels change menstrual cycle pregnancy childbirth hormonal physically emotionally stressful childbirth women experience depression doctors believed feeling psychological
received drug prescription prescription written expressly writing prescription doctor considered medical problem medical history weight general health considered factors affect drug acts body size weight determine drug dosage rule larger greater dosage prescription specific purpose doctor prescribed follow exact directions carefully doubt drug ask doctor pharmacist advice drug tolerance body ability drug effects tolerance grows body requires larger larger doses produce effects drugs produce tolerance drugs abused produce tolerance drugs produce dependency physical psychological users physically dependent drug bodies require constant supply drug function called addiction dependent users drug undergo withdrawal sickness experience severe nervousness nausea trembling stomach pains muscle drug symptoms disappear indicating addiction exists psychologically dependent drugs lead style focused drugs dependent users mentally resist drug actual physical need drugs
widespread drug problem according estimates mid number heroin addicts remained half million accurate statistics number drug abusers impossible obtain drug abuse teenagers adults goes unnoticed crisis occurs national survey drug abuse conducted yearly behalf national institute drug abuse information trends drug reported dramatic increase teenagers adults marijuana cocaine fact alarmed public health officials realize prevent drug abuse emergency treatment needed drug abuse signs drug overdose reactions needing urgent care include unconsciousness confused mental person alert answer questions severe difficulty breathing bizarre violent behavior threats suicide signs overdose person unconscious apply aid outlined chapter cases call help seek medical care hospital emergency room community mental health center deal mental physical emergencies caused drug abuse crisis past person directed sources help users physically dependent drugs chemical detoxification step treatment detoxification drug excreted body
smokers agree experience cigarette smoking unpleasant learn smoking habit young willingly acquire unhealthy habit able break rest lives attraction cigarette advertising follow older siblings parents adult role models smoke undoubtedly factors effect surveys high school students young learn smoking habit friends smoke approval peers initial social reinforcement eventually smoking habit carried situations handle boredom person smokes peers present handling cigarette part ritual helps fix smoking habit declining smoking rates youth show young prefer positive smoke free style health appearance social reasons choose smoke experiment smoking soon quit enjoy regulated smoking habit unfortunately continue smoking middle age ask group smokers continue smoke receive answers arguments smoking give reply statements enjoy relaxing lift helps feel depressed upset
left handed arm rifle baseball bullet length playing field frequently throws runners bases erratic field glove makes hard catches misses easy led leagues errors assists home runs runs batted spectacular performer sport today controversial field loves laugh extremely bright spoken reporters tell interview sports give interviews talk outspoken speaks freely ways trouble book easy fascinating fellow controversies follow field controversial field doubt player greatest records player achieved led teams pennants series championships rare feat valuable player league player series hit peak carried club stretch run pennant decided series spectacular record home run barrage
think didn big deal race religion lot live lot easier thinking didn trouble school black white poor rich rich things didn wished kid stole lunch lunch box pretzels told teacher didn gonna bust guys smiling saw wasn going threw nickel floor grabbed shoved wall boy don kill nervous don want crazy wanted think scared wasn big high school small act tough tough acted crazy lot scared wouldn let family tell wish wasn grew acting tough letting tell wanted sort bad habit break
met reggie jackson season big leagues dressing room putting uniform admiring mirror love coming ball park putting tapered duds going green field stadium full fans playing game smiling full enthusiasm want players greatest cigar boxes full baseball cards pictures stars front records sighed players don left mark want leave mark remember remember love baseball love hitting ball hard sound bat ball sort music love seeing ball sail high fence home run love catching ball sound ball smacking mitt music love throwing ball line home plate seeing catcher put runner sliding umpire throwing thumb air sign love hearing cheers crowd cheered cheered
catfish hunter seventh season broke win circle record earned run average chuck dobson won games johnny despite sore arms troubled early season late rollie fingers started season starter struggled banished mid found place relief pitchers game saved games knowles saved bat superstars dangerous counted proved true team reign regulars hit produced pressure timely hits mere batting average jackson actually led regulars led home runs runs scored led runs batted reggie times reggie struck times game tie american league record struck times lead league fourth straight tie league record led team game winning hits missed games previous season reggie gotten groove playing puerto rican team winter hit home runs break caribbean league record set father orlando major briefly played
fought win spring training opened blue sensational season blue manager bob asked finley signed hunter promise pay pitcher finley offered blue blue called press conference announce going firm sold toilet seats season started blue finley offered blue finally accepted contract calling salary side monies finley wanted announce blue awhile longer blue gave report wound record bounce blue overpowering pitcher finley took lot reggie earlier reggie warned hurt blue didn believe hunter topped staff record allowed runs game ken north trade monday took slack record blue moon record fingers won games saved jackson season hit home runs scored runs drove struck times league lead league
newly determined reggie jackson driving force angry averaged led league home runs runs scored runs batted led slugging percentage struck times struck errors afield missed weeks end season pulled muscle season sensational reggie voted player major leagues sporting news received place votes rare unanimous selection valuable player american league feel finally fulfilled god determined destiny pointed proudly lot help course hit home runs drove runs took base hit home runs drove runs johnson contributed home runs runs batted finley acquired hunter blue game winners fingers saved games season smoothly course seasons smoothly finley hired fired front office bought sold traded players season team slow start started criticize williams reggie criticized williams coaches called critical jackson criticized williams coaches finley defended gave contracts
reggie jackson stands feet height weighs pounds big heavyweight boxers inch biceps bigger heavyweight champions heavily muscled legs bigger biggest boxers strength strength says strength legs especially hands arms strength big swing hit ball swing ball appears past hit hard hit playing field wrong field hit ball hit longest home runs hit sign field feet plate minnesota metropolitan stadium hit light tower upper deck center field stands feet plate detroit tiger stadium star game hit tower rise traveled feet stopped detroit blow brought player benches fans stands feet announcers writers hardest hit ball dock ellis pittsburgh pitcher pride
reggie father martinez jackson remains tailor jack tailor shop poor part downtown philadelphia makes says reggie helps need asked money purchase property gave tell give money retire truth ready retire sixty tailor forty lot business boy talk baseball remind boy proud reggie bought home mother clara baltimore furnished sisters brothers joe career army jim graduate boston university practicing attorney jim wife maria received doctorate harvard beverly husband owns furniture store dolores married divorced reggie gifts brothers sisters children gave sister tina car awarded series reggie married separated divorced guy lot wasn ready marriage didn
threat competitive balance baseball richest teams offer sort money bring players gave players sort freedom jobs instance salesman mechanic teacher job profession offered money working conditions nicer place live athlete sports leagues draw similar rules hunter received offers teams winter early signed contract pitch york yankees reported million amounted paid twenty soon players including reggie jackson advantage freedom deals teams teams bidding players salaries times higher suddenly players paid sort salaries leading entertainers forced offer freedom players baseball leaders tried compromise offering arbitration contract disputes owners players agree terms owner offer player wanted arbitrator decided side season players arbitration owners contracts
maybe zulu virgin zulu rings sniggers rows beds restrained respectful sniggers sniggered loud notice didn snigger certainly notice simon wood didn snigger noticed simon felt notice felt slither dark afraid simon remembering parents summer parents simon summer parents started mum shame red hair short clean slight skirt decent length morris minor nearly ten clean shining tried kiss smiled hallo asked overhear rotten teeth montgomery father spoiled montgomery father play tennis gloucestershire montgomery father lanky legs bounding stride crinkly black hair montgomery father mum cried parents team playing tennis staff mum step breach mum fallen sucker simon begged eyes begged begged mum willing sucker mum coming court montgomery borrowed shorts showing legs mum legs fat dimpled thighs varicose veins mothers legs
father shining shining cockney soldier called corporal briggs simon clearly remember corporal briggs cropped hair constant smell khaki cloth talk cigarette mouth cigarette stick lower lip cigarette wagged corporal briggs told simon magic place called western desert wizard called rommel tanks suddenly cigarette stuck corporal briggs lip bit pull force bit lip corporal briggs polished father car face moony dark peering green paint bendy wobbly silver headlights car vintage big leather strap fasten bonnet engine running couldn hear put hand bonnet feel buzzing inside huge bee edge windscreen shivered blur father took car shouting faster simon simon yelling faster faster yelled faster father pleased road car door flew past close simon put hand touched
kid classroom note wood head wants study house class drew breath sharply study bad certainly house worse house learned father dropped dead heart attack mother run square gravel school house glistened sun polished recent shower peaceful hums classes windows trying morning broken shrill sweet voices stopped music master grumbled lines morning certainly broke pretty quickly round footsteps crunched loud lonely gravel blue renault parked front head house simon knew happened mum mum sitting head chair nervous knees tight handbag perched top hands undoing clasp let hair grow longer thing grin trying hard head nervous feet greased lightning making gentle pushing motions hands door wanting involved mother tea wood lucky lad lessons rest afternoon
lie jane looking tired extra housework big house felt desolate spect joe lie won tongue slid round corner mouth felt tip slid round corner picture desperation seized simon stared door led stairs led mum bedroom sno jane lock door won gave sly peep lashes don joe simon nice mean nice big cuddly hairy tickles makes laugh wet sloppy kisses mum say pooh devils sang air palms turned sweaty hair saw door school smashed door shocking star splintered wood inside making disgusting noises don joe hate simon juicy slyness eyes big saucers face starting pucker father father love hear love voice rose shriek knew father died born father traitor yelling top voice jane threw felt tip
hard inside feeling sorry give present sort present mum voice suddenly sharp worried saw smashing bike racer alloy frame gears schoolboy dream kid resist kid joe point terrible boneshaker rides father ride speck rust let mean ride harm trying joe joe buy love bike kid loved forever mass rust trouble kid known mum voice grew sharper leave joe screw refuse ride leave rain smash pieces joe suddenly flared don tried playing things worse worse going end mon end mind mum voice cold dead end wellington end holidays peace christmas leaves school
soon tired hung feeling left gate overnight shouldn expecting find sodden kite newly rusted air pistol mill lay directly beneath rising sun east south called father night directly facing mill talking mill late remembered smelling dank smell smell mill pond worried meant talk father resented idea mill intrusion rubbish thought stuck mind fishhook suddenly realized didn mill fact disliked wished sat wooden table wooden chair playing bitten pipe decided wouldn mill horrible gloomy place stay home play jane help mum remembered night awful thing mum cut cut mum cut jane jane hate meant blow mum send deal doctor yellow van
hungry live lived hate thirty thin bitter unsatisfying thing endlessly drinking vinegar dead simon knew hungry felt entitled coming prey fatness living simon opened larder door closed stop happening didn going happen wait jumpy big storm coming glanced sky film dirty cloud sky thin soup patches failed yellow sunlight patches grease floating soup thicker darker clouds inside soup coming going goldfish pond joe painting studio mrs today light wasn joe electric light mum kitchen light radio couldn bear approaching silence closed closed tinny weak voice radio silence silent jane hanging bedroom window saw look called simon simon voice irrelevant bird didn bother answer wave irrelevant thought nasty tricks pulled tales told
discovering joe mill rung local representative national trust happened architect strode mill declared definitely thirteenth century lower parts oldest surviving water mill country whistled saw cracks walls worse recently recently pronounced apparently situation critical national treasure hung balance la nodded intelligently keeping face absolutely straight evening architects crawling bickering architrave early english norman ten architects including manchester half county planning department big national trust boys london beginning talk rescue conservation granada van pulled house technicians began paying black cables turnip field quickly rivals look north house crowded round telly night unfortunate robin smart driven mill national trust protests chose give commentary background scarecrows mill house notice simon la simon thought watching inscrutable face flickering light screen jane proudly scarecrows
door dead grass sifting gently round loved crack turn series sounds sheet lightning snapped beam timber sharp lance speared upward roof sending patch tiles air birds windows burst hails shining silver snowflakes roof fell moment gable ends towered clean sky bishops miters fell water spurted bursting finding channels making waterfalls changed eyes mill fell masonry choked water burst place pools forming bubbles cloudy floury air burst drowning rumble mill dam breached wheel fell water covered huge spreading black pool lapped gently simon feet bubbles ripples continued silence wood night jar began call simon sighed deep satisfaction mum jane safe dead fall mill fact solid father death changed turned thinking going turning turning saw
science study objects nature happens objects fig words study matter motion physical universe objects nature include animals plants rocks stars air specimen mineral part physical universe extent include happens object nature object called phenomenon object move grow boil fall crumble decay expand happenings phenomena objects scientific investigation scientific investigation involves looking keen eyes sharp minds objects phenomena nature scientist asks probing questions nature scientist patience perseverance answer questions answers questions scientists observe nature think seriously observe conduct experiments scientists sense pose precise questions nature universe observations experiments answers questions scientists results experiments observations carefully examined dawn history looked stars wonder turned god understanding darkened puzzled rising setting sun daily journey sky filled awe gazed stars cloudless night understand seasons changed rock tumbled mountainside rivers rushed relentlessly sea
prick fingertip needle squeeze drop blood dilute drop look magnified times microscope drop tiny discs cells suns human body try count drop blood fingertip approximately million cells million drops quart human body quarts blood total twenty trillion blood cells drifting bloodstream single blood cell drip prick finger million body bleed dry experiment begun listened christ sermon mount lost pint blood donor transfusion blood cells average human body laid side side string beads encircle earth let increase magnifying powers microscope thousand fold dye cells dye reveals delicate elaborate structure porous walls interior fine network electron microscope thread network resolved string beads bead find pattern mosaics walls byzantine churches
mirrors early reflecting telescopes highly polished metal alloy consisted copper tin called mirrors modern reflectors reinforced glass coated thin film polished silver aluminum light rays reflected metal film general types telescopes prime focus reflector newtonian reflector reflector reflector fig type schmidt reflector photographic purposes reflecting telescopes prime focus reflector simplest design diagram figure image formed middle tube image viewed upper end telescope prime focus reflectors photographic studies heavens large prime focus telescopes inch hale telescope cage astronomer tube cage course obstructs light enters telescope spoil image interfere viewing mirror flat newtonian reflector divert image curved mirror side telescope tube rays brought focus convenient place observing image isaac newton invented type telescope bears newtonian reflector improved henry draper replaced flat mirror prism lens system
lyra lyre harp small constellation fig star consequence vega vega brilliant blue star brightest region summer sky vega star photographed doubt recall george bond photographed star star suggests observers bluish color diamond sky stars constellation arranged imperfect diamond shape famous ringed nebula located lyra powerful telescope needed arrangement stars fig makes constellation easy identify shape reminiscent fish hook principal star antares means rival ares ares ares refers god mars star magnitude fiery red planet mars constellation archer fig lies east follows sky constellation represented centaur monster trunk head body horse bow drawn ready let arrow fly milk dipper stars seen constellation handle dipper extends band stars forming milky midst milky place splits parallel streams cygnus swan constellation fig
december months later earth moved opposite side orbit axis pointed celestial pole winter months begin december earth northern hemisphere tilted sun result sun noon low sky southern horizon winter solstice december sun lowest point reach southern horizon sun high sky summer patch earth surface receives concentrated sunlight sun low winter figure square foot area earth surface receives energy sun directly overhead winter sun nearer southern horizon obviously sun able heat ground efficiently july january sun radiates amount energy small portion energy reaches earth solar energy enters earth atmosphere reaches earth surface able heat land seas supply energy plants animals energy actually reaches earth surface sun called insolation measure insolation earth mean average distance sun insolation occurs rate calories energy square centimeter surface area minute
today determined counting radiations radioactive substance unit measuring determined carefully measuring dividing length fractions defined length earth rotation axis completely uniform earth spins faster slower length rotation vary thousandth rotations preceding scientists explain assurance variation length earth rotations movements air oceans ice fields investigations solve problem conducted scientists thousand spin earth slowed average length actually increased increase slight longer measurable slow result scientists believe ocean tides move earth rotation factors actual length based earth rotation subject slight variations measure accurately event repeats precision regularity pointed today measured atomic clocks earth rotations vary slightly rotations slowed rotation earth axis measure kinds earth wonderfully regular rotation
history philosophers scientists wondered ultimate elementary nature matter anaxagoras greek philosopher taught matter minute structures called seeds aristotle learned chapter believed matter consisted fire air water earth ether middle ages european alchemists fig assumed matter particles called atoms modern science established englishman developed accurate theory john dalton stated basis modern atomic theory dalton theory accepted modifications today fig matter explained atoms molecules atoms dalton theory important concept physics concept idea molecule basic particle matter concept basis saying universe simplest form merely matter motion molecules motion explain universe assume matter physical universe built small particles actually according atomic theory matter molecule matter smaller particles called atoms substances exist single atoms matter molecular structure matter consists atoms united form single molecule
galileo suggested torricelli explanation curious fact water rise feet suction pipe ordinary pump torricelli actually developed theory atmospheric pressure explain water barometer pump worked devised mercury barometer testing theory torricelli reasoned weight atmosphere supported column water galileo tube forced column water pipe heavier liquid supported atmosphere contained shorter tube mercury times heavy water torricelli calculated length tube feet high column mercury tube glass simple matter level mercury tube torricelli filled small foot glass tube mercury inverted tube container partly filled mercury mercury tube running container remained tube held pressure atmosphere torricelli found mercury column stood inches high experiment proved column water short column mercury instrument measure atmospheric pressure
virtually solids liquids gases expand increase volume heated contract decrease volume cooled expansion due increased motion object molecules results heat applied object heat molecules move faster increasing distance molecules heat applied object greater molecular motion greater distance molecules increased distance molecules accounts expansion heat break ability molecules stick liquids expand solids gases expand rapidly greater extent solids liquids properties gases lack strong cohesiveness molecules difficult understand gases expand quickly greater extent solids liquids materials expand metal plastic expand glass explains mother runs hot water metal plastic jar lid stuck knows lid expand glass easy remove grandfather clock home noticed loses warm weather adjusted heat metal pendulum expand length pendulum determines fast slow clock runs noticed gap roadway bridges
movement movement change dreaming daring dreams whistling bold songs feeling free daniel hale williams whistled free feeling tune joy june sauntered brick sidewalks led business section pennsylvania nestled valley juanita river town formed connecting point pennsylvania canal portage railroad boom town mirrored restless busy period middle later dan lively eyes took hustle bustle stage coaches covered wagons clattered dusty streets stepped purposeful strides saddled horses stomped restlessly hitching posts lined thoroughfares boy quickened pace match movements crowd town square known diamond stopped reached heart business district main shops opera house courthouse turned shops story brick building sign posted floor windows advertised photographer shop quick dart dan turned ran door floor rooms father elder daniel hale williams part growth progress barbershop biggest town purchased property invested land rich iron ore
moving say moving dan stopped sweeping barbershop stared father moving father took broom tight grip led chair yes son going south visit grandmother price annapolis sensing dan surprise fears sudden news father talked quietly plans barbershop leased businessman family house rented attorney close friend family handle details girls dan asked going going daniel williams assured suddenly doubled spasm coughing dan stood patting coughing eased cold worried father nodded reason going annapolis rest help cure stayed barbershop talking late afternoon sun began fade mountains reason going maryland dan father confessed give national equal rights league hope establish branches states league organized push freedom full citizenship color daniel williams sponsors worked founding freedom bondage won looked directly dan eyes real fight beginning
dan grown taller thin finely chiseled features wore gaunt pale look brooding lonely father death etched unsmiling wistful cast countenance let show anderson offered worker chairs dan noted addition main room shop separate rooms travelers hours warm baths dan agreed job find place stay move anderson readily children dan told sally offered weeks later dan sally moved big story house anderson family family anderson wife ellen lovable ways spoke delightful irish brogue america waves irish immigrants worked helped build nation oldest son george dan age younger dan family called dan called youngest girl frail sickly alfred called alfie crippled birth walked limp greeted dan sally open hearts discovered dan sing love doubled anderson taught children play musical instruments ellen taught sing household singing whistling playing instrument morning till night
dr dan soothed patient don worry mrs perform operation home turned julia sunday suitable explained sunday doctors performed home surgery heavy office hours dr dan stood looked house dining room area beginning plans large table provide solid operating surface early sunday morning give directions curtains julia help scrub walls floors dining room mrs bristled indignation home spotless need scrubbing dusting patience dr dan explained aesthetic cleanliness antiseptic cleanliness surface clean reality millions disease causing microbes lurking dr dan julia scrubbed inch room sprayed carbolic acid big pot kitchen stove bubbled surgical instruments sterilized kitchen pan antiseptic hold instruments big dining table draped germ free sheets dr dan strict disciple teachings dr joseph lister risk bacteria getting wound infection extra hours surgical duties mercy hospital dr dan unusual confidence beginning doctor
marshall field merchant head largest wholesale retail dry goods establishment philip armour industrialist introduced refrigeration developed giant armour meatpacking firm george pullman inventor designed pullman sleeping cars trains businessmen gave funds encouragement project wealthy donate money famed newspaper publisher herman newspaper inter ocean gave publicity brought benefactors captains committees vied raise money weekly rallies bazaars chicken suppers dances fish fries brought venture children left sunday schools collected pennies nickels contributions city part historic undertaking dr dan encouraged money continued dr dan committee looked building found story building space twelve beds dr dan suggested formation provident hospital association stroke genius gave donation member hospital association meant hundreds chicago consider playing important part getting hospital started provident hospital training school association incorporated january squads volunteered scrub paint building spruce grand opening
surgeon worked swiftly surgeon variety anesthetics artificial airways patient windpipe open blood transfusion techniques unknown penicillin infection fighting drugs discovered quickly dr dan incision lengthening stab wound expertly cut skin layers fat beneath breastbone ribs cut separate rib cartilage sternum studying teaching human anatomy gave movement confidence working precision network cartilages nerves blood vessels inches breastbone cut cartilage opening trapdoor bending head close patient chest peered opening examine internal blood vessels heart tough bundle muscles throbbed jerked sending food oxygen body dr dan examined pericardium fibrous sac protected pear shaped heart allowed beat rubbing parts body step dr dan reported findings group observers vital pericardium cut tear inch quarter length probed yes puncture wound reported half inch coronary artery
dr dan period line letter signed flourish stationery fine paper carried bold printing letter crucial importance medicine black race addressed booker washington tuskegee institute alabama known founder tuskegee institute age dr dan clothes books money help students struggling alabama school booker washington visited freedmen dr dan headed hospital later wrote say impressed saw invited surgeon tuskegee set medical nurse training departments dr dan proposing plan build hospital suggested letter draw south dr dan wrote build monument care thousands poor die want surgical attention close letter dr dan offered alabama give services free charge waited anxiously answer reasons explained washington changed mind building medical facility dr dan disappointed give thing willing fight health care race dream building hospitals writing letters planning
meeting doctor dr dan nomination president dr hall determined place waged fierce scenes political battle surgeon honors dispersed told members dr dan defeat accepted appointment anyway busy president declined manner lost hurt deeply feud doctors spilled provident hospital dr dan freedmen dr hall secured place important hospital committees hard worker indispensable staff finally put important committee committee hired staff dr dan hand content finance committee dr hall dr dan undisputed boss provident loved hospital doubt provident dr dan trouble room doctors disagreement dr dan held disdainful attitude dr hall ability doctor hide fact dr hall operating patient doctor order save person
longtime friend dr henry minton director mercy hospital philadelphia hospital established black doctors care patients wheelchair dr dan wrote dr minton sending personal collection books build library hospital takes small room chairs shelves wrote pretty room neatly furnished add hospital dr dan books wrote feeling parting collection forty part love expressed words soldiers helped lead battles impregnable father daniel hale williams advancement black end final peace tuesday august newspapers flashed sad news beautiful tributes surgeon written editor neighbor idlewild printed lake county star modest retiring unassuming found full reverent loving friends children dr dan friend regarded miracle truly found peace solace instruction nature loved flowers garden filled lovely native exotic plants loved woods waters living things
remembering tree lined streets brick houses wide green lawns felt homesick wanted cry brother jason sitting sucking thumb mom peering windshield skill send hurtling road valley wanted cry private mom pointed enthusiasm looked valley house big stone house dark gray rain sitting high crest hill lawn deep green rose blue ridge mountains veiled clouds beautiful place likes scenery nature peace quiet tell glance wasn going thing summer dipped hill turned driveway climbing steeply house sure mom stall car managed top skidding stop cried grace leaped car meet sister looked window red haired woman dressed faded jeans hopping barefoot puddles big grin face threw arms laughing tv commercial jason sat car forgotten suitcases
looked pathetic forgot angry dream jason wasn real tried sound comforting curled won let crow bother didn say looked sizing ability combat crows mommy wouldn scared shrugged letting didn bother poor mom remembered thinking fell asleep turning jason suppose power suppose wanted obey jason eyes widened possibilities nodded aladdin rubbed lamp genie huge powerful jason took deep breath ice cream eat dirt bike color tv lots money gazed ceiling frowning slightly tried think things laurie asked mom dad love stop divorce home real family didn think jason smiled happen laurie thing leaned tall oak headboard
reached stroked hair strong fingers laura lonely talk grandmother friends dear friends promise live path goes pointed path narrow wouldn seen help house top hill house sight miss don stammered didn want hurt feelings saying certainly didn want house worth maude bending close pores wrinkled skin help laura want help power grant wishes leaned walking stick eyes probing mine read thought hidden depths soon laura waiting dark daylight help sake friend margaret turning struck woods looking jason stood staring overhead crow loudly flew past taking direction maude mean laurie
aunt expecting home worrying whispered backing maude ah wouldn want worry aunt reached stroked hair face pretty girl crooned pretty pretty girl proud margaret laura stood letting stroke hair afraid move afraid ask help charlene told didn maude asked softly ask power help wouldn afraid laura maude smiled bent nearer voice soft low need help whispered ways knowing things dear power help eddie charlene didn marry didn help tried grip arm tight laura comes maude continued stroke hair harder harder fingers raking comb re hurting whispered tears stinging eyes felt actually yanking hairs head maude face softened sorry didn mean hurt hair tangled wanted smooth smiled splitting face millions crisscrossing wrinkles
sit dammit don say charlene shouted face red anger hit tanya marie slapped hard sound cracking whip don hit baby annabelle entered room snatched screaming baby charlene arms tried comfort didn mean hit charlene cried tears running cheeks ready suppose eddie tired waiting runs big loss annabelle rocking tanya marie hip hell going eddie stuck head doorway wrong kid charlene tossed hair smiled eddie didn want dress ready eddie looked room taking dolls stuffed animals heaped middle bed suitcase bulging charlene clothes cardboard cartons full tanya marie toys dresses skirts coats draped chair taking fit truck won charlene smiled doubt told bedroom apartment wheeling sure room junk picked haired doll wearing red satin dress tossed wanda give stuff sister charlene told don play dolls
crow nodded head shifted turned yellow eyes stared unblinking read thought maude smiled nodded sit laura adams wanda led semicircle chairs facing huge stone fireplace chose middle chair tall armchair painted black decorated elaborate carvings strange beasts wanda sat side smaller versions chair moment fire sputtered crackled shooting sparks chimney gust wind set pines moaning cabin air heavy sweet smell incense firelight played chairs carved beasts stretch blink peer room eyes gleaming shivered wishing wanda advice stayed home brought asked laura adams maude leaned hand outstretched receive things took pocket woman smiled looked photograph happy parents look young healthy ocean nodded daddy left stared picture wishing parents posed especially picture wishing happy wishing photograph true aunt brush fine artist pleasure painting give
shivered nodded head taking deep breath told parents maude promised help didn happen thought added told maude seen woods whispered help face full concern crossed room sat knew maude grandmother told annabelle wanda guess didn warning strong patted hand hope help sure maude didn part terms liking stroked cat silently watched face hoping hint thinking head bent cat listening secrets purr help whispered staring film tears scared jason fault looked frown creasing forehead break maude spells matter risk frightened stared pale face heart pounding fast pressed hand chest feeling slow bursting loose
maude sank grip wanda slackened voice low whisper full malice shivered let girls maude voice calm stood unmoved maude fury maude shook head pulled closer let smiled wanda margaret randall granddaughter mine mine stay won dear thrusting face close mine whispered liked wanted help didn laura adams say didn grant wish tried turn head maude released wanda gripped chin forcing look close maude face pores dark hairs sprouted lip lined nostrils deep furrows creased cheeks forehead hundreds tiny lines crisscrossed skin eyes fingers gripping chin cold rough nails gouged skin tears filled eyes blurring face knees felt weak support corner eye saw wanda run side cower embracing wanda stared coldly maude let laura maude mine tell mine maude voice rose shook roughly
lunch wanda pack playing cards sat front porch playing spit nice breeze blowing rustling leaves tossing heads queen anne lace field mockingbird singing woods house jay called wanda dealt hand cards looked valley mountains clouds high sky casting moving shadows trees changing color green blue green quiet peaceful divorce wanda asked quietly parents going looked cards staring double faces queen hearts king clubs re getting winter asked daddy upset shrugged sort love easier lived loved nodded watched tear splash queen face don don love anymore guess re thing wouldn want live maude hating unhappy wanda hand touched mine gave squeeze okay daddy going marry carol muttered daring look fear say told
encampment tipis plains awesome sight large circle cone shaped tents standing majestically flat landscape tipis homes blackfoot cheyenne crow dakota sioux known plains indians knows tipi developed spanish explorer coronado tipis saw journeyed plains tipis anthropologists think ancestors plains indians lived wooded areas outskirts plains planting crops traveling plains seasonal hunting expeditions lived wood bark shelters small tipis temporary shelters hunting traveled foot belongings carried hauled large strong dogs carried packs backs indians refer olden times dog days indians gradually expanded hunting range ventured deeper plains eventually plains home hunting provided main food supply tipis dwellings dog days horses country horses brought north america spanish settlers explorers indians saw horses called names meant big dog mysterious dog elk dog size elk
land intense colors sunsets spectacular displays flowering plants bloomed season tawny grasses brightened changing patterns purple blue gold pink red silver winter plains somber desolate enormous area gray white plains place startling beauty geography harsh place live moist winds coming pacific ocean lost moisture cooled western mountain chains winds crossed rockies moisture left farther east moist winds coming gulf mexico brought substantial rain land vast area warm windy dry east rockies winds blow unstopped distances flat landscape grasses thrived dry soil unharmed winds water soil support trees young plants damaged high winds plains land extremes climate scorching summers bone chilling winters dry spells sudden flash floods fierce summer brutal winter blizzards sudden violent blinding downpour moment later sun shining brightly snowstorms severe chinook flow warm dry air mountains raise temperatures melt foot snow overnight
tipis owned women women furnishings decided arranged inside selected camp site put tipis took ceremonies formal occasions women authority home tribes woman divorced husband putting belongings tipi hunters warriors helped took part lodge needed wife guilds women similar warrior societies woman reputation housekeeper important rivalry women boasting domestic accomplishments skills hunter fighter tipi properly erected matter pride woman materials tipis carefully selected prepared lodge poles difficult obtain treeless prairie indians took care managed poles dragged camp camp needed replaced indians journeys foothills mountains edge plains poles cheyenne frequently traveled oklahoma montana lodge poles poles purchased valued highly horse buy poles number length poles obtained determined size tipi
religious sacred objects stored lodge riding gear north door entered tipi weapons stored north side fuel fireplace south door left entered food household equipment utensils women belongings stored south side lodge water hung tipi pole bag lining buffalo stomach pipe bag storage pouches variety items hung poles tipi tipi cheerful comfortable round spring moon shine smoke hole cast silvery light winter snowy plains morning light filled tipi pale soft fire center tipi provided heat light place cook meals finding firewood treeless prairie difficult wood shrubs trees grow plains major source fuel buffalo chips dried buffalo dung hot low flame produced smoke large piles fuel locations camp keeping supply fuel hand community project women boys able expected help gather fuel
tribe groups organizations special functions related warfare hunting camp discipline societies tribal council orders carried supervise moving sure tipi proper place organize tribal hunts serve camp policemen societies keepers special wisdom skills special knowledge revealed vision spirit society songs ceremonies lodge pitched camp circle lodges meetings feasts dances rituals small lodges set children playhouses lodge covers poles girl begin learning tipi helping playhouse small lodge doll children played miniature camp circles tiny tipis leaves sticks buried natural cave crevice formed rocks hole large deep body important person died body left lodge dressed finest things painted robes headdress feathers jewelry bed tipi left fully furnished cover securely fastened bottom smoke flaps closed door tied shut blocked poles branches medicine bundle tied top lodge poles
symbols painting tipis painted circle representing sun appeared top tipi painted crescent represented moon unpainted circles diamond shapes solid background stood stars maltese cross stood morning star believed bring powerful dreams lodge owner row triangles round projections bottom band tipi represented hills mountains half ovals rocks thunderbird symbolized lightning straight arched parallel lines colors symbolized rainbow clearing storm red white blue bands stood red morning cloud rising sun white cloud blue sky black represented night indians believed animals supernatural powers pictured medicine lodges sacred character animal shown lifeline leading animal mouth heart kidneys lifeline believed source animals power otters elk snakes horses porcupines turtles eagles mythical beasts represented medicine lodge covers buffalo bear frequently painted buffalo symbol generosity abundance hard buffalo powers bestow power free want bears powerful medicine give courage wisdom magic knowledge medicine actual experiences battle hunt portrayed paintings visionary religious experiences frequently painted
horace morris beckoned food inside obvious horace morris liked food pants bulged pockets slight roll belt inside kitchen large black white floor tiles splendid hopscotch willa thought high ceilings lots food smiling talking including horace aunts leftover unclaimed treasures look aunts willa nicholas seen aunts ancient wrinkled dressed bright colors drinking smoking aunt lulu teetering lavender high heeled shoes straps crisscrossed crept legs ending dress nice horace exclaimed try wine plump aunt crystal welcome neighborhood owners house treat cats respect willa noticed cats counter attacking roasted turkey cats aunt crystal confided counter named black blue fight gloria parlor keeping company cat asked nicky politely dear aunt crystal smiling patting hand deceased horace handed willa nicholas glasses wine willa stomach began feel uneasy moved mass dining room parlor
mother smiled feel staring knew interested mean meaningful look asked willa enviously nicky nicholas father smiling slightly express meaningful look willa nodding head nicky softly father stood kitchen drink signal talk willa mother moment voice startling softness stared spot willa nicholas head lovely mother strange look willa restless uncomfortable realization mother father acquaintance love sex nearly mute willa thought reserved young red cars racing stripes picnic baskets thought troubling thoughts troubled willa wrote small slips paper hid bureau drawers later underneath clothes pack bubble gum small slip paper read june willa nearly twelve edge racing stripes picnic baskets true love practicing bedpost kissing verve nicholas watched
morning horace nicholas frantically chasing cats cat clinging trunk apple tree horace held willa hear sounds claws bark atwater pushing wheelbarrow rags coming sidewalk hissing bushes trees willa grabbed bathrobe ran stairs barefooted grass startling cold dew willa grinned suddenly feel bella marie spoke ancient voice willa saw rags wheelbarrow rags pepper grandfather dried apple nearly hundred willa thought left teeth home mouth fell face wore rugby shirt bright yellow black looked bee hissing bushes willa asked horace nicholas pushed cats inside house sat steps bella marie bella pepper pet parrot whispered horace hissing attracts birds didn course knew willa grumpily idea hissing attracted pepper wore clothes today pepper forgetful independent forgiven forgot clothes wandered naked backyard horace put blending plants bushes
horace rubbed apple shirt handed willa re playing opening dad show horace pulled knees leaning chin looked thoughtful willa looked mother garden frowned mother huge clumsy weeding moving slowly rows knees giant slug willa closed eyes leaned shutting mother nicholas charcoal soft scratching noises paper drew smell grass strong sudden breeze willa open eyes willa looked apple tree sat small apples beginning grow weeks weeks lived weeks nicholas artist willa found true love apples lifetime willa watching aunt crystal aunt lulu unclaimed treasures play pretty corrected nicholas known play growled willa say wrong glared nicholas aunt crystal famous horace took bite apple played willa sat straight aunt crystal stop heard word stop aunt crystal shrieked stopped playing middle phrase notes left hanging
late evening dishes cleared washed put willa found picture mother cry cleaning mother purse huge bag tumble money wrappers clipped articles earring bottom mate found willa wear earring chain neck earring willa held picture strange picture blurred vague dream nicholas looked table drawing father looked willa shoulder willa mother began cry silently sobbing shoulders shaking willa nicholas stared father put arm bending close whispering ear crying nicholas moving willa stood gently took picture hand baby moment baby picture baby willa stared picture tell nicholas smiled looked willa seeing things beneath surface remember seeds roots night crawlers willa looked gradually began figure head elbow arm willa thought baby pushing arm afternoon afternoon willa held breath baby willa father looked
love matthew early studio open windows willa hear unclaimed treasures playing garden cats roof peering making soft warm sounds painting asked willa later murmured matthew don photograph willa surprised question voice sounded loud studio quiet willa matthew frowning hands making quick brush strokes canvas photograph need photograph mumbled matthew concentrating photograph brightly stood thought wanda wanda stand sun face ted adoration voice camera hand pressed pants photograph matthew interrupting willa thoughts camera eye need eye eye willa frowned don wrinkle forehead matthew willa concentrated frowning stomach hurt eye asked willa thinking fiercely smooth forehead don matthew peering painting don willa stared mean don look matthew sighed straightened mean fierce tone tell painting look look think look think look added softly things painting started finished
matthew stood kitchen doorway willa seen morning attic reached hand touch top willa head funny repeated willa relief began laugh pepper told mouth beak story bad moment passed step ahead thought willa sighing page turned moment longed ted wanda safe witless love willa smiled father words took breath tomorrow sounding wiser felt comes later remember words willa found horace apple shed dark cool damp inside haven afternoon heat willa hear sounds treasures minute practicing horace sat leaning dark barn boards reading hand curled apple basket willa smiled looked blinked smiled nicholas looking willa sitting handed apple waiting horace steadily wanted tell story nights ago story starts concerns attic room painting begins painter suddenly sees note believe horace willa sighing
hospital corridor waited clean white quiet silence horrible willa wanted scream nurses doctors moved white shadows hallway doors looking willa horace pepper willa felt sick wondered threw nurses step knew seen bella marie table leg peacefully chewing newsweek magazine pepper informed horace held willa hand sat close apple side pocket jammed hip willa wanted mother father upstairs maternity floor times muttered willa fiercely excitement happens pepper close side reading thoughts pick willa sighed nodded leaning head plastic chair mother father nicholas ambulance leaving horace held hand run pepper insisted drive father car willa weakly sure course pepper key think willa found key door habit began note dear mother dear dad let going
extraordinary summer apples treasures true loves ordinary extraordinary willa waving hand tell nicholas sat chair opposite willa stretching leg foot touched limp willa leg hurt nicholas pepper don mind pepper willa remembering looked nicholas eyebrows raised yes nodded bella marie keeps company studio added forgotten ted wanda keeps visitors door willa laughed imagine joy smiled word felt walked gallery city happened look window upside canvas papa study wise willa called willa touched nicholas foot stared stared remember rain falling stand told read reviews extraordinary painter extraordinary ordinary nicholas echoed willa words held hand torn slip paper words leaned looked room house shaking head remember willa nodded funeral undertakers treasures kitchen floor fine hopscotch passes don hopscotch kitchen
science study living things living thing called organism ago scientists observed living things noticed organisms later scientists noticed likenesses organisms led scientists group organisms form classification systems slightly changed systems today trees toads lot common birds buffalo bacteria alike ways living things regardless classified possess characteristics distinguish non living things living things move living things require nutrition living things grow living things sensitive environment living things reproduce kind living things classified plants animals later chapters learn additional groups organisms living things receive constant supply energy able perform functions living things carry variety activities enable move grow reproduce kind supply energy energy comes sun green plants receive sun energy change store form chemical energy animals unable feed plants animals fed plants obtain energy supply foods stored energy combined oxygen energy released
order discuss structure composition organisms understanding things living nonliving chemistry science deals study matter matter occupies space weight mass matter exist solid liquid gaseous matter substances called elements element defined substance broken simpler substance ordinary chemical means elements tiny structures called atoms basic units structure matter known elements found nature today remaining elements artificially scientists oxygen hydrogen carbon nitrogen elements contact lives elements combine chemically combine definite proportions according weights substance formed chemical combination elements called compound addition elements lose characteristics combine chemically form compound smallest particle compound element properties substance called molecule molecules turn atoms molecules compound atoms elements atoms hydrogen atom oxygen unite chemically form molecule water
plants animals arranged groups according similarities structure arrangement scientists identify compare varieties plants animals science deals classifying naming living things called taxonomy recently living things kingdoms plant kingdom animal kingdom celled living things euglena structure animallike plantlike bacteria viruses characteristics similar plants animals scientists recognize kingdoms living things plant animal protista living things single celled tissues organs defined nucleus monera living things cell defined nucleus section study animal kingdom detail animal kingdom divided eighteen large groups called phyla phylum singular important groups discussed subdivisions subphyla classes orders families genera genus singular species porifera include fresh water salt water sponges multicellular animals openings called pores distributed bodies primitive skeletons body cells arranged layers phylum includes multicellular animals possess saclike bodies single opening leads internal cavity coelenterates stinging cells called nematocysts tentacles coelenterates live separate individuals live groups called colonies
animals depend directly indirectly green plants food supply manufacturing food photosynthesis activities carried leaves green plants activities occurring leaves respiration transpiration careful examination cross section leaf microscope reveals structures upper epidermis layer cell thick covers upper surface leaf upper epidermis prevents loss water leaf protects tissues leaf kinds leaves waxy substance covering epidermis helps prevent loss water series narrow cells located upper epidermis makes palisade layer palisade cells equipped machinery carrying photosynthesis manufacture food palisade cells chloroplasts learned green coloring matter chlorophyll layer cells photosynthesis plant takes place light chlorophyll photosynthesis strong light destroys chlorophyll elongated shape palisade cells speeds food making process light strong chloroplasts move lower end palisade cells light weak chloroplasts concentrate upper surface cells process helps regulate amount light received chloroplasts spongy layer lies palisade layers cells layer consists loosely packed cells called spongy cells lying network irregular air spaces veins conducting tissues bundle xylem phloem
human body receive proper nutrition order function grow materials help body called nutrients foods nutrients kind nutrients body release energy body growth prevention diseases nutrients classified major groups carbohydrates fats oils proteins vitamins mineral salts carbohydrates include sugars starches type nutrient body materials body energy production carbohydrates combine oxygen cells release energy needed form heat chemical combination carbohydrates oxygen called oxidation carbohydrates form class chemicals elements carbon hydrogen oxygen hydrogen oxygen present carbohydrates ratio foods bread potatoes cereals fruits rich sources carbohydrates group energy producing nutrients fats oils nutrients release energy fats oils purpose insufficient supply carbohydrates body fats oils oxidized body cells give heat energy weight oxidation carbohydrates carbohydrates fats oils elements carbon hydrogen oxygen elements sulfur phosphorus
digestion process foods eat chemically broken simple soluble form cells digested foods liquid form passed membranes alimentary canal digestive tube cells body energy growth chemical substances called enzymes help break complex foods actually combining foods enzymes enter chemical reaction substances behave manner called chemical catalysts enzymes produced secreted digestive glands line walls organs making digestive system organs glands digestive system alimentary canal teeth tongue salivary glands esophagus stomach liver pancreas small intestine large intestine rectum soon food mouth mechanical chemical activities begin mechanical digestion begins teeth cut shred crush grind food mechanical digestion helps speed action digestive enzymes digestive enzymes begin break food chemical digestion starts exposed visible part tooth called crown narrow part tooth gum called neck roots tooth located beneath gums coated hard material called cement roots attached sockets jawbones support
previous chapters learned food eat changed usable form enzymes digestive system undergoing change food transported parts body bloodstream process oxidation frees energy activities waste materials produced cells wastes carbon dioxide water mineral salts nitrogenous wastes eliminated body prevent poisoning cells process wastes removed body called excretion organs excretion kidneys lungs skin liver large intestine kidneys bean shaped organs located lower slightly waist kidneys performs function removing water glucose nitrogenous wastes urea uric acid mineral salts blood million microscopic tubes called nephrons located kidneys nephrons consist capsule shaped cup called capsule narrow tubule capsule network capillaries called glomerulus filtration blood glomerulus takes place capsule plasma waste products cellular activities passes capillaries tubule central collecting chamber called pelvis kidney water glucose mineral salts amino acids reabsorbed blood capillaries surround tubule excess water mineral salts urea uric acid pass pelvic region kidney form urine
living things respond external factors environment factors response organism called stimuli singular stimulus responses plants stimuli growth movements called tropisms plants respond tropisms factors light phototropism pull gravity geotropism differences water content surrounding area direct physical contact chemical stimuli response growth movement stimulus tropism positive response stimulus negative tropism turning leaves green plant sunlight positive phototropism remarkable plant movement response plant sunlight plant receives light side stem plant bend uppermost parts leaves turned light response illustrates positive response stem positively response experiments oat seedlings shown stem grows rapidly shady side stem side receives light difference rate growth results concentration chemicals secreted cells plant located shaded side stem chemicals called growth hormones auxins increase growth rate cells located shaded area
learning comes ability hear feel things senses aware things happening senses include sight hearing touch smell taste eyes ears skin nose tongue sense organs receive messages later interpreted brain eye sensitive light eye organ sight impulses travel optic nerve brain impulses interpreted impulses produced nerves receiving light passing eye eyes small round organs lie completely hollow bony sockets skull movements eyeball controlled muscles attach eyeball bony sockets outer surface eyeball composed tough white fibrous material serves protective covering eye covering called sclerotic coat transparent front part eyeball transparent part sclerotic coat called cornea light rays enter eye iris colored part eye lies cornea irises brown black blue green hazel combination colors center iris pupil opening light enters eye muscles control movements iris regulate size pupil light entering eye bright muscles size pupil decrease contract
furry look home want big home pick noisy home want home squirrel furry tree furry looked opening furry noisy home squirrel ginger looking home tree furry picked ginger looked looked home put bag tree ginger opening tree hit tree tap tap tap tap tap furry ran noisy furry home squirrel squirrel noisy animal share tree ginger tree home wish wish ginger hit tree tap tap tap tap tap tree furry slinky looked think noisy animals share big home tell furry ginger hits tree noisy makes fall slinky ginger help ginger tap tree ginger tap wishes share home
big lighthouse live family home home bed trees bed water water lighthouse noisy lighthouse helps boats boat looked lighthouse lighthouse helped lighthouse family home boats help family family wants boat boat box family boat family eats boat books fun lighthouse birds live fun look boats look boys girls live trees live squirrels live wished boys girls play wished trees squirrels look play birds play family look water flowers birds family water flowers happy home home big noisy fun home lighthouse pigs wanted leave home fred house gus al pigs houses
late chip dog show school rex show brush chip saw brush top box picked brush picked box opened cricket box chip cricket box crickets late chip today school chip picked crickets put crickets box find rex chip woke rex rex saw brush ran house thing rex brushed rex school called chip woke late going rex saw squirrel run vega house thing rex squirrels rex wanted follow squirrel ran squirrel rex don rush chip today rex ran squirrel rushed vega paint vega house late chip animal rex rushing squirrel chip follow rex chip wanted rex bath thing rex bath rex jumped move chip water chip happened today chip change school leave late dog show
boys girls mrs sims school things mrs simms let begin things read reading class today show ted ted hop cricket read crickets asked mrs simms ted frog fly fun change animals think game today mrs sims call animal game change look animals move animals move tell animals think showing wants begin change look pam ride look pam looked mule ride mules steve pam mule yes pam read ride mules lin begin move duck think duck steve yes lin game change begin want think moves rick lin looked cat ride ted asked ride rick steve cat yes rick
farmer wanted village follow son farmer mule ride lake reach lake farmer son farmer son mule girls saw farmer son mule look ella imagine laughed stella shame bella big mule boy ride mule village stop farmer mule don stand let want son sit boys standing lake saw farmer son mule imagine boy shame thing imagine going village boy son rides farmer stop farmer mule let happy son mule ride let start farmer sat mule started mule mule slow lake standing line fishing laughed passed don farmer boy ride asked stop farmer mule son ride
bird showed bear game hide seek told bear hide called ten looking bear bird saw bear hiding try find bear bird played game sun bird home late moon bear looked sky moon let play game hide find bear ran fast ran tree getting tree ducked moon bear sat looked tree moon looking bear find hide bear shut eyes called bird light wind moved big cloud cloud floated moon hide bear called ten set find moon looked bear moon hiding house bear saw moon hiding tree called moon bear find big balloon bird bear help find moon asked bear yes help bird bear bird looked looked find moon woods ask animals help
imagine want tell friend special want tell writing note mail note started write write note set mailed mailbox mail need things order things happen order reading learn happens find happens happens clue words help find order read sentences look clue words help find things happen rose today eggs breakfast friend school school rose played game mom dark rose read book dad happened clue word helps find happened find sentence begins sentence tells rose eggs breakfast happened clue word helps find happened find sentence begins clue word sentence tells rose friend school rose play game mom clue word begins sentence rose dark sentence begins read sentences find order things happen sky dark night cricket hiding place looked eat
nighttime sleeping bed animals sleeping moving let waking mouse steps home looks seeds chew looks berries baby opossums crawling mother soon move find baby opossums eat fruit eat berries mother find bugs baby opossums thing sets yellow eyes shine moon light raccoons look eat pond fish beavers working cut trees night beaver chews teeth branch tree beaver sticks teeth tree teeth chew tree tree falls porcupine sits high pine tree quills look pine needles porcupine smells sweet berries tree waddle bushes berries eating bush eat eat sky begins light night beavers pond raccoons tree porcupine tree spread branches night animals find places sleep sun animals start wake
nana working grandpa runs hand clay fingers smooth quick looks says eyes told looks grandpa shows feel face fingers shows feel clay face fingers flow clay face eyes feel grandpa fingers tell grandpa walk river nana calls lunch nana hot bread lunch grandpa says close eyes smell wet earth river walk lunch books read tree blind grandpa reads book fingers book dots grandpa feels dots dots tell words grandpa reads funny laughs read funny says nana nana listen funny story squirrel tree looks listening grandpa night eat sky dark grandpa knows dark walks steps bed bed grandpa reaches kiss hands feeling head feels need cut john says grandpa leaves kiss puts light bed put light grandpa closes door smiling put light
geraldine goat live close place called window rock live friend rock called window rock big hole hole looks window open sky call friend say indian glee likes weave think wanted weave rug remember hot sun happening ground cutting wool pieces feel thing stay laughed cut wool looked funny feel wanted stay happen thing chop special plant chopped pieces pieces soap put pail water cleaned wool soap clean white say hung sun took large combs combs teeth combed piece wool told smooth yarn spinning started spin wool yarn beginning find takes rug shaped pulled shaped pulled wool started spinning piece stick shaping pulling spinning yarn
children playing ball game try hit ball playing field look letters words colored balls word vowel letter read words tell sound vowel stands letter vowel letter sound short sound vowel controlled vowel sound letters ar stand vowel sound hear word car letters stand vowel sound hear word vowels letter stand sound hear sound words bird turn read words word vowel sound hear word car barn word vowel sound hear horn words vowel sound herd skirt hurt letters stand controlled vowel sound er ir ur read joe team words controlled vowel sounds read find words vowel letters vowel sounds words car girl turn joe liked playing ball sport liked joe played team joe job catch ball hit field joe put team shirt field play ball late game ball flew curve joe
home duck bear things hear canary ate dog biscuits week bear home buying dog biscuits stopped duck house duck bath sitting big cage middle room hair brushed shining red tie looked sad tea duck friends sat table duck gave bear tea cut pieces seed cake put table big red bowl set bowl called duck opening door cage dog walked bowl sniffed cake friends ate cake ate cake cage sat put head felt sad bear eating cake left home bear dog happy dog needs run jump hungry dog biscuit think bear morning duck tied rope dog set bear house duck middle woods saw bear bear bird cage hello bear house duck bear coming house duck
cold place soldiers walking soldiers walking hungry food eat soldier bed sleep walk walked faster front saw lights village find eat soldier place sleep share find village afraid soldiers soldiers hungry food ran hide food hid bit pushed bags potatoes straw put pails milk wells spread sheets carrots hid meat inside houses closed windows doors soldiers stopped house anne robert hello soldier share bit food hungry soldiers sorry woman hungry family eat days bad farmers shut door soldiers house belonged paul marie share bit food soldier asked marie straw night sorry marie soldiers ate give
look picture asks picture say animals looks funny picture places read need story article words tell reading read find clues help sentence tell thing read word times sentences pictures help read sentences find sentence tells play story told costumes put play practice lines times practice stage audience laugh sentences tell sentences play sentence tells play puppets laugh puppets tell funny story puppets talk move audience laughs puppets sentences tell sentences puppets sentence tells puppets picture helps write books laugh books funny pictures tell funny things happen reading funny book fun sentences answer words read sentences find cartoons pictures tell story cartoons animals talk
ago possum tail comb brush hair beautiful tail proud tail combed morning animals dance song tail rabbit tail thought possum proud wanted play trick possum soon dance animals rabbit job tell news rabbit stopped possum house ask dance possum yes special place sit beautiful tail need sit rabbit thought fine rabbit comb tail dance possum pleased rabbit ran cricket cricket fine hair cutter rabbit told cricket morning possum tail ready dance told cricket morning cricket possum house ready dance possum pleased possum sat put tail shut eyes cricket began possum tail combed cut hair cut cricket tied red bows tail hold loose hair place possum eyes shut didn cricket night possum dance
clothes look funny happens growing clothes look smaller pat learned play ball plays ball picked play sentences pat happened pat picked play picked play plays ball clue words words help happens knowing happens help understand read read story find happens jan jan likes read reads fast reads books week jan lives close library walk monday jan didn library sick jan wanted book read asked mother library jan mother brought home book jan read jan read books week answer find word sentence clue word helps happened jan read books reads fast jan walk library answer find word sentence clue word helps happened jan lives close library walk didn jan library monday jan ask mother library read story find happens spot
nico early thursday grandpa coming visit grandpa perfect likes things makes visits extra special grandpa plays flute try sound flute voice flute lessons grandpa play flutes grandpa love run play ball tree house grandpa visited mom took pictures grandpa early thursday start ready grandpa visit mom leaves pick dad bed dad smiling sits moment says grandpa sick hard walk talk mom give extra help visit don believe tell dad remember grandpa big strong climb apple tree climbed carrying wood believe sick feel knot growing inside true grandpa sick true true fun grandpa help school lessons climb top tree house things play dog hudson grandpa share secrets perfect feel awful don believe
beth beth floating air caught wing spaceship floated help called chip dot reached beth high reach hold called moment pole pulled beth spaceship beth say voice asked beth voice beth robots turned saw big red eye looking door chip dot ran hid computer asked beth call raspberry voice large round red thing green cap eye stepped beth planet earth chip dot robot friends run spaceship computer stay ground planet asked beth look feet raspberry special kind magnet feet beth chip dot special magnets don magnets float air planet tell raspberry hold thank beth holding raspberry hand floating door beth walk special magnets feet feel balloon grinning floating fun want walk beth raspberry spaceship moment
adam david chipmunks friends lived stream put log stream bridge visit visited early morning adam heard loud noise bump rushed window saw david taking acorns trunk adam stored acorns winter saw david put acorns sack adam understand david taking acorns david adam friend later adam crossed log bridge david house looked window david enjoying tea acorns chipmunk adam knew acorns david adam disappointed disappointed felt angry adam angry ran log pushed bumped log fell stream home sulk week adam sulked tea ate acorns disappointed missed david david longer friend early morning adam heard bump knock door hello beaver looking yes adam told david acorns want build tall fence yard want put lock trunk acorns
store jacob goes help mother say don jacob tagging sammy knows store jacob helps carry help jacob remember red stop say jacob forgets green thank sam jacob says jacob birthday days birthday celebrate celebrate party celebrated surprise jacob stay house afternoon say smile smile mother cake candles jacob mother cake candles sang happy birthday sang jacob smiled handed card happy birthday sam jacob printed neat friend jacob helps wanted help decided teach knock jacob walk house knows stand door sees lets wish jacob knock door heard mother say decided help learn tell jacob forget open door walk mother maybe hard
jan brett won awards writer illustrator children books illustrator books written illustrator books written writers museum show art illustrator hard jan brett spends drawing works home special room art jan brett drawing big picture fair remembers school started rides balloons redo added picture soon animals fair jan brett fair remembers felt fair real drawing jan brett travels drawings believes travel enjoying art jan brett feels reads books special wants art speak reader hopes art help reader spend enjoying book enjoying page jan brett rewards readers looking art adds touches extra things art real reader wants page beautiful wants art add story wants art story maybe extra special touch won illustrator awards
ago lived donkey helped miller donkey carry large sacks grain didn want longer afraid happen donkey took open road legs walked decided beautiful bray travel bremen town join band musicians donkey traveled noticed dog resting road run matter asked donkey resting moaned dog needed run place welcome join donkey going bremen town musician bray bark beautiful music dog glad traveled road cat moaning side road looked tired sad matter donkey bad moaned cat getting chase mouse eyes teeth longer needed run donkey bremen town musicians singing welcome
found front house inside saw table things eat band robbers enjoying dinner friends thought rid robbers donkey put front legs window dog jumped donkey cat climbed dog rooster perched cat music loudest voices donkey brayed dog barked cat gave cry rooster crowed middle noise animals jumped window robbers house robbers jumped ran screaming forest afraid lives musicians happy chased robbers home ate eaten weeks finished dinner blew candles found place night donkey sleep straw dog sleep door cat sleep fire rooster flew roof passed robbers hiding place saw house dark thought chased easily head robber told look sound inside light candle fire saw cat eyes dark thought coals fire started light candle cat flew
mitchell ran house shouted ran door margo house moving asked margo weeks mitchell asked margo walk weeks mitchell lived place someplace margo lived door fifty sixty mitchell fifty sixty difference margo want stay door forever mitchell want wake bedroom eat breakfast kitchen brush scales clean nails bathroom room house room maybe tired friend margo asked mitchell margo maybe look think face tail scales walk talk margo mitchell face tail scales walk talk margo mitchell walked door pack margo sat front door sit sixty shouted mitchell climbed window margo called glue roof tie front door thick green rope tape paper clip house
pretend lost zoo class trip found decide write story felt saw character story write want find characters story reading ask story character say think things help understand character setting story takes place story getting lost class trip setting zoo read find words picture place mind understanding characters setting help understand story paragraph think words tell character betty look words help picture setting betty resting sand listening sound waves suddenly remembered gift friend carol money thought thought looking seashells washed put hole tied string betty smiled gift carol betty say betty friend think betty clever showed thoughtful clever setting story think beach setting words sand waves seashells tell betty beach
lived donkey wished lion heard lion roar sad roar lion bray sun woke cat awful noise asked cat roaring donkey complained cat stop let sleep noon frightened mouse mouse awful noise roaring donkey silly donkey mouse stop children nap middle night donkey surprised owl awful noise hooted owl roaring donkey lions roar donkeys bray hooted owl soon animals complained noisy donkey stop trying lion sleep anymore silly noise donkey bought lion skin threw lion skin head animals think lion dressed lion skin donkey met cat jumped front cat roared running cat laughed donkey met mouse shook lion skin roared jumping mouse laughed night donkey dressed lion skin owl tree roared owl laughed surprised try look lion sound donkey home
built house wanted house slowly surrounded tall buildings lived boy named peter grandfather called grandpa peter hated house wanted live tall apartment building friend john lived peter ride elevator say morning jolly doorman grandpa loved house hated apartment buildings grumbled grandpa wanted buy fashioned brownstone offered large sum money want tear put modern apartment house live house built asked peter eagerly sure peter excited grandpa think loved house grandpa love born house don idea torn think let walk peter looked street houses torn houses going grandpa sigh city boy peter asked grandpa answer loud siren peter grandpa jump huge fire engine rushing corner firefighters hanging
city boston famous fashioned baked beans underlined word sentence hard understand sentence knowing word find meaning word dictionary glossary place find words dictionary book words meanings glossary short dictionary books words dictionary glossary alphabetical order means begin words starting letter end words starting letter find word famous dictionary look read page words starting find word famous guide words help guide words written large dark type top page show words page guide words page free fuss famous page letters letters alphabet guide words save word looking famous called entry word entry word information word called entry entry find word divided syllables information say word meaning word entry word sentence entry words picture sentence picture help meaning look dictionary page printed page guide words yes guide words fame faraway
boston san antonio interesting buildings believe beautiful palace spanish governors famous alamo school later housed soldiers march big battle alamo texas part mexico texans wanted end general santa ana ruler mexico soldiers fight texans inside alamo battle twelve days texans lost battle texas soon won freedom mexico alamo important texas history san antonio restored look ago added museum garden learn lot texas history interesting part texas history seen la village houses adobe look houses mexico houses la look houses germany france german french live ago houses la restored shops added artists newer buildings museum objects texas history display flags spain france mexico united states flown la tell san antonio history today half san antonio speak spanish lands helped san antonio past rich interesting boston san antonio looks future tower americas san antonio buildings
scrunched sidewalk waited throw stray dog looking yelled chased knew run things threw faster grape fiona dogs eat grapes dog eaten grape crawled closer looked nervous chewed grape ate bunch lapped water stepped dog dish sat step leaned fiona mother father flea bitten dog porch father ordered dog leaped step walked corner didn mean fiona cried covered fleas mother fiona ran stray found shivering petted park sat watching think fiona saw friends coming put arm wouldn run worst looking flea bitten dog saw larry fleas spike howard warned barbara held oliver don want fleas brother eat fiona hugged stray re going fleas larry told look look look barbara pointed tiny flea moved fiona arm squash bites barbara fiona stared flea barely big oliver bites squashes big barbara howard frowned flea shake grass
island ma turtle king pond nice pond clean neat water warm plenty eat turtles turtles need happy happy king decided kingdom ruled small ruler don trouble stone throne look pond look places throne sit low higher frown sit high greater king ruler turtle king lifted hand turtle king gave command ordered turtles swim stone turtles built throne turtle stand piled turtle stack climbed sat pile wonderful view mile mine cried things rule king cow king mule king house king blueberry bush cat turtle marvelous ruler morning sat high saying king noon
russ remembers tried ice skate feet runaway rockets arms windmills picture russ skating think rockets feet arms windmills writers compare things readers things understand hard russ skate imagine feet run rockets arms waving windmills paragraph writer word compare russ feet rockets comparisons word word similes writer says russ arms windmills writer comparing russ arms windmills signal word comparison metaphor writers similes metaphors picture saying clearly mind read jessie travel watch examples similes metaphors stick uncle fred think jessie decided try uncle gift jessie try toppled dead tree careful hops soon jessie bouncing kangaroo read fourth sentence things writer comparing say writer compared jessie dead tree fell easy understand jessie fell compare fall dead tree fall kind comparison say simile word remember words tell comparison simile
captain ship brave bright bright brave fleet commander toad ship star warts mission spaceship find planets explore galaxies bring bit earth stars commander toad fine crew copilot hop thinks deep thoughts green face lieutenant lily fixes engines loves big machines young jake reads maps plots star star leader commander toad brave bright bright brave shines screen strange shimmering light brand commander toad speaks land look brand jake stay board special suits buckle special guns case says commander toad lieutenant lily smiles shot crew step board mother ship planet wait young jake jumping checked planet computer computer tells planet water place land hop shakes head puts hand cheek closes eyes begins think lieutenant lily stops smiling commander toad knows runs ship storeroom takes big soft green puts floor asks jake
planted radish seeds garden radish plants grow seeds seeds need warmth sunlight water grow seeds things needed plants began grow reasons things happen garden reasons things happen story figuring happens happens help understand read words clue words help understand happens happens clue words clue words story questions happened happen help read paragraph dan job ask happened happen dan alarm clock ring slept job hurry deliver fifty newspapers school rushed bathroom brush teeth half asleep hurry tubes looked alike dan grabbed wrong tube began brush teeth face cream answer questions happened answer question look sentence says dan slept happen answer question look sentence word clue word tells happened dan rushed bathroom brush teeth happen read paragraph began wear clothes ago killed animals food found skins animals clothing wanted wear clothing protect weather show
keepers ape house lincoln park zoo chicago worried wrong tiny chimpanzee born weeks baby weak trouble holding mother keepers knew baby chimp carried mother chest hold tightly eat stay warm safe help baby zoo director dr lester fisher spoke keepers veterinarian decided baby mother try find wrong gave mother medicine fall deep sleep took baby check pediatrician looked baby chimpanzee carefully pediatrician found chimp didn weigh baby weighed scarcely half pounds healthy month chimp weighs pounds baby chimpanzee live mother baby stronger dr fisher decide knew baby chimp babies live mother baby weaker die dr fisher decided baby raised chance strong healthy care night give special food medicine need baby chimp moved nursery children zoo august met pat sass keeper charge raising
guitars seen heard strange looking cousins countries home tar widely played guitar family instrument iran body wood looks bellies stuck neck metal strings play twenty notes strings cousin guitar musicians india played hundred large instrument body dried squash wood twenty metal strings player rest vibrate give full ringing sound instrument family singing sound family violin family stringed instruments plucked hammered plucking hammering short sounds instrument bowed violin singing sound string keeps singing bow keeps moving string violin heard country strings simplest violins string west africa african stringed violins found sizes body sound box wood lizard skin covering nailed body hole skin sound african violin players play singers instruments sound person voice violins sing
sun rose aflame quickly dried dew baked town hot humdrum ty mother washing clothes father busy unloading feed chickens sister kitchen ty fun knocked brother door jason asked want pond busy jason combed hair hot today ty thought tall cool grass pond decided pond big trees sank roots deep lifted branches sky grass grew tall hide boy big ty lay quiet listening step th hump ty pressed ear ground heard step th hump step th hump step th hump ty sat heart beating wildly listening step th hump step th hump slither snake raccoon babies coming fish pond raccoons grunt hunting food babies loud rr kitten soft purr step th hump step th hump step th hump closer ty saw carrying bundle ty seen leg leg wooden peg walked path water edge set bundle bent knee peg leg balanced air washed face hands pond looks dancer ty thought took unfolding red cloth bundle took tin cup tin plate spoon
pantry empty house geraldine lived discovered enormous piece cheese largest seen eagerly took bite delicious able secret barn ran friends lived door told discovery help carry give big piece friends loved cheese happily agreed let enormous gigantic immense fantastic shouted joy saw piece cheese pushed pulled tugged finally managed carry geraldine geraldine climbed top cheese dug teeth pulled crumb crumb chunk chunk friends carried cheese tidbits geraldine peered amazement hole gnawed saw shapes enormous ears cheese ears soon friends nibbled cheese fast halfway geraldine climbed look forms freed believe saw ears giant mouse partly hidden solid cheese puckered lips held flute geraldine gnawed gnawed finally uncovered entire mouse realized flute tip mouse tail astonished exhausted frightened geraldine stared cheese statue dimming daylight fell asleep
children eleanor help franklin important crutches place visited schools jails learned look things carefully ask questions saw buildings clean learned underfed treated tell franklin seen heard things franklin governor president eleanor sure wanted wife president united states sounded frightening eleanor knew franklin problems president united states trouble millions find jobs families money children going bed hungry franklin decided run president helped election night won victory elected president united states eleanor turned unusual lady walked riding presidential car kitchen scramble eggs family ladies things eleanor shook hands lines visitors expected things surprised dark coal mines talk miners served soup hungry visited slums needed help eleanor roosevelt
selections read emperor clothes story author characters events real animals events story emperor clothes fiction fictional story begin words tell characters think feel drawings don look real selection facts real places things events nonfiction strings nonfiction photographs diagrams graphs nonfiction knowing selection fiction nonfiction help read want read facts pick nonfictional selection hard tell selection fiction nonfiction events ty band happened drawings don look real author tells ty thinks feels story fiction read paragraph decide fiction nonfiction beach lisa favorite playground swam water lisa thought queen sea castle home lisa carefully built castle sand dreamed shells gold coins rich kind queen guard sea danger lisa wave washed castle lisa queen sea dreams answer questions sentences tell lisa thinks feels sentences tell thinks feels selection fiction nonfiction look answer question
florence grew play father team north dakota beavers won thirteen series row days matt played left slump florence changed fastest runner west fastest runner east fastest runner north fastest runner south ran fast florence bat team trembled knew base front home fans called fleet footed florence game hear shout hooray fleet footed florence enemies called flat footed florence game hear shout phooey flat footed florence florence played center field run faster ball caught runner trying advance catch ran tag specialized outs bases loaded caught fly ball liked run personally tag player returned base tripped flung field played anyway stole bases put hop faster run team leading play leg tied north dakota beavers won pennant florence play team
mysterious bearded figure stepped fletcher knocked jill door fletcher jill dog opened eye didn move fletcher moved figure flashed badge want ask questions bearded person hey gwen want asked jill re kid beard jill gwen took beard stuffed detective kit watch play baseball today ready jill dad rusty mcgraw bat wait wham bat jill hit balls left star player longfellow raiders week later coach gathered team game monday memorial coach going announce lineup game practice jill gwen help look bat find gwen jill looked jill locker benches water cooler bat jill slammed fist mitt lucky bat jill told team rusty mcgraw bat missing asked seen aw jill ben lucky bat hope find tough luck marshall noticed real rusty mcgraw bat didn erica gwen stood circle tap tap tapping braces gwen tapped braces thought strange going
watched moving truck unloaded wondered neighbors saw bike size bike truck think age moving told fact order figure authors don tell stories articles expect figure things draw conclusions read conclusion decision reach thinking facts details conclusion draw sense match read draw conclusions pam feels pam slouched living room chair raining pam couldn invite days city didn supposed games packed boxes corner felt lazy look books upstairs pam mother called bedroom thought moving stacks books pam groaned altogether weigh hundred pounds answered guess don cheer pam mother advised things hard move place pam feel details helped draw conclusion say pam bored details help draw conclusion raining pam inside pam met friends
chester crept looking chester meet harry cat tucker harry chester cricket pleased acquaintance harry cat silky voice hello chester sort ashamed fuss wasn scared thought cats mice enemies country maybe tucker york gave habits ago harry oldest friend lives drainpipe scrounging tonight harry harry cat ash cans east side don throw garbage chester noise harry tucker mouse chester lifted black wings carefully folded quick expert stroke drew top bottom echoed station lovely lovely cat cricket talent going stay york asked tucker guess chester don home grand central station put train going connecticut tucker don give city try meet things mario likes chester shook head afraid won york sure squeaked tucker mouse harry suppose chester show times square chester guess chester leery venturing york city
sleep grandma house mother father town play games drink root beer stay late ten thirty kevin likes sleep grandma house arm wrestle yoga exercises send pizza midnight help grandma put white aprons shell peas popcorn balls kevin helps grandma put clothes fix motorcycle hammer shingles roof piano lessons grandma recital takes kids ice cream kevin takes judo lessons grandma health food bar drink tiger milk grandma belongs bridge club belongs garden club music club winter music club put show children hospital kevin grandma belongs karate club belongs scuba diver club mountain climbing club winter mountain climbing club spent weeks top grand birthday grandma takes lunch shopping buys toy want kevin birthday grandma takes airplane watches window goes skydiving grandma scrapbook showing things star high school play kevin grandma circus scrapbook pictures showing ride unicycle tightrope picture shows swinging trapeze teeth picture shows putting head lion mouth
explore place prepare trip exploring information prepare place explore information library look encyclopedia need information subject found encyclopedia need find book library libraries system organize books find book easily encyclopedia book set books articles subjects articles alphabetical order book set called volume cover volume shows number letter letters find subject encyclopedia think key word important word planet saturn look key word saturn astronaut key word names listed look set look volume volume find entry encyclopedia learn asteroids want look key word asteroid choose volume guide words find entry asteroid page shown left guide word astatine guide word facing page astor asteroid astatine astor look pages suppose want find asteroids want find book libraries card catalog set drawers cards filed alphabetical order cards list books library
wish explore cavern experienced explore caves tell plan explore plan return helmet lamp sources light boots warm older clothes trip chart earth surface completely live places miles miles tunnels passageways rooms cold dark silent despite explorers find fascinating underground places called caverns found nearly united states caverns found kind rock called limestone confused hear words caverns caves don cave hollow spot inside earth cavern large cave rooms joined tunnels word cave inside mysterious caverns today explorers experienced adventure challenge unexplored caverns climb wire ladder small opening ladder swings heavy boots touch step drop room cavern sound wings look birds flying hole explorers birds farther underground room order live need air light warmth close surface going farther explorers readjust packs backs
remember game learned play learn rules discover important thing object game read need discover important thing main idea main idea paragraph important idea find main idea figure topic paragraph describe topic word look sentence states important idea topic sentence sentence middle sentence main idea sentences give details support main idea main idea stated sentence cases figure decided topic think sentences paragraph ask important idea sentences tell topic answer main idea finally look details support main idea careful details interesting support main idea decide topic main idea paragraph discover honeybees find details support main idea honeybees live hive queen bee female larger bees lays thousands eggs bees workers feed care workers female rest hive drone bees male size workers drones hive
understand today understand history land southern part indiana picture forested hills deep valleys central northern indiana picture gently rolling plains hundreds small lakes parts land sandy buried underground waiting discovered coal limestone natural gas waterways wide deep ohio river lay south indiana north called lake michigan land indiana drained rivers find map page climate winters cold snowy summer brought hot days lot sunshine rainfall plants grow indians indians lived indiana thousands ancient shell mound indians earliest hunted fished gathered berries nuts stayed place camps rivers ate meat shellfish threw empty shells piles mounds shells found archaeologists today group early indians mound builders live comfortably shell mound indians built villages surrounding walls poles earth mounds built religious purposes archaeologists found groups traders hunters farmers skilled workers artifacts middle mississippi indians include arrow points bone flutes pottery stone axes weapons groups indians belonging algonquin family lived area find map page largest group miami
sleep laura ma softly softly fiddle sang pa shadow sky bow danced stars beautiful laura broken promise pa breaking promise bad telling lie laura wished pa knew punish pa playing softly starlight fiddle sang sweetly happily thought girl laura bear longer slid bed bare feet stole cool earthen floor nightgown nightcap stood pa drew notes strings bow feel smiling half pint asked look ghost white dark pa laura quivery small voice started swimming hole pa exclaimed asked stopped don laura whispered grey fur flattened flat snarled big pa asked laura told strange animal pa badger say laura waited laura face dark leaned knee feel strong kind laura trusted hard person trust
marvin asked let spot spot spot elephant didn respond elephant barney won going fact think going marvin elephant elephant making home living room loud crash sat coffee table louder crash tried swing chandelier thing mother elephant broke front door bounding barney house look likes coming barney happily marvin boy stop calling marvin cried want elephant don think mother especially re going argue going inside calling elephant crackers company going tell pick elephant gray truck suddenly appeared driveway jumped lowered wooden crate ground sorry forgot driver told elephant marvin elephant stepped sunlight inside kitchen barney mother talking miss elephant cracker contest complaint department miss son prize delighted arrived promptly miss congratulations didn think course deserved
traffic stopped picture tell picture school bus stopped let passengers bus driver moved stop sign bus drivers stop sign traffic stopped children cross street safely looked reason traffic stopped picture look reasons things happen stories read tells happened effect tells happened find effect relationship ask happened happened clue words result effect relationship effect effects stop sign shown picture traffic stopped children cross street safely read story dog bad habit notice happened happened mark watching favorite tv program eating cold cheese sandwich phone rang set sandwich napkin kitchen answer mark dog cannon loved cheese couldn pass golden opportunity cannon leaped sandwich shot cannon smoother magician pulled cheese slices bread ate mark returned took big bite sandwich surprise tasted bread
touched horses whip greta watched surrey disappear thicker mists pounding heart stepped arch spruces feet crunched gravel walking neat path loomed big barn traced outlines house small neat gray shingled smell wood smoke air brushed ankle looked gray cat largest seen looking pleasantly beauty greta stooped stroke hair thing greet guest touched loss dignity haste gray cat simply reach leading plume tail erect neat path turned house cat looked sure greta suddenly door banged side house path girl running stopped saw greta gathered cat arms girls stood looking morrill blue cove child slowly think princess brought smiled took greta hand glad let let mother greta nodded wasn sure voice watched princess curl graceful heap stone gray stone gray fur gray mist gray shingles softly blending blurring eyes knew stone strange marking
storms late season winter lambs born hard lambs young strong warm healthy big storms sick die storms lambing week flock split bunches maybe hundred sheep order care biggest brother bunch sheep wagon uncle bunch mesa uncle eli farm put stove shed took lambs cold bunch place mother lambs keeping warm box woodbox kitchen stove big fire going night bunch warm wouldn split separated night morning happened barnyard getting stovewood breakfast saw coming horse blackie brother gabriel place hour glad house hot food eat dry clothes rest didn look glad getting horse
big ben bell large clock picture rises meters city london clock bell rings hour announcing big ben weighs metric tons elephants bell rings blocks hear sound matter stand bell vibrates struck sending sound waves air sound bell goes directions balloon expands directions picture shows sound waves look balloons compressions sound waves spaces balloons heard sound distant object airplane flying high sound waves airplane travel ears air sound reach air matter object making sound ago scientist named robert boyle hung watch inside large glass jar picture hear ticking clearly sound traveled air glass jar air removed jar boyle found hear watch ticking boyle discovered sound heard travels matter removed air jar sound waves travel space air hear sound traveling air
famous beethoven works symphonies symphony longer musical piece played full orchestra sections section called movement beethoven symphonies express ideas important instance beethoven wrote symphony express belief freedom powerful known heroic symphony beethoven finished dedicated napoleon bonaparte napoleon leader france french revolution beethoven heroes beethoven believed napoleon help bring freedom napoleon decided emperor wanted rule beethoven angry scratched napoleon front page heroic symphony wrote simply memory beethoven wrote ninth symphony express joy ways include beautiful song movement unusual composer included song symphony stop beethoven words song written famous poet shared beethoven ideas friedrich von schiller poem joy tells pure joy bring beethoven hoped combination poem music express joy listened ninth symphony performed beethoven sat conductor night hear note
general washington tall quiet voice looked kind win war mrs washington fresh egg pompey cook son lot company phoebe helped visiting hen house early morning dinner phoebe stood kitchen steps fed hens leftover scraps bread table phoebe housekeeper forget watched waited listened general washington house full officers army friends members bodyguard phoebe slipped silent shadow father taught saw talking softly stopped poke fire fill glasses light candles saw heard noon took basket waterfront marketing finished edge harbor stand looking ocean took notice clean white apron cap shawl thrown shoulders notice stand curly hair powdered pulled brown face plump smiling stand moments talk important phoebe throw crumbs gulls gather noisily feet
wild dogs island blue dolphins remember aleuts slain tribe dogs left join pack bolder spent nights running village plans rid ship left sure pack grew bolder leader big thick fur neck yellow eyes seen dog aleuts left sailed larger dog short hair brown eyes sure dog killed pack left beginning born meantime young dogs wilder hill cave pack collected brush mouth lair waited pack cave early morning sleep spent night prowling took big bow arrows spears quietly circling mouth cave side left weapons spear
lying flat stomach thomas looked hole head shoulders disappeared inside lost grip fell head thin black air landed feet damp sod smelled mixture yellow grass mildew breath knocked lay unable move think ten seconds air seeped lungs hurt gray light filtering opening steps thomas lay edge steep stairway cut rock stairs wet hear water dripping thomas carried pencil thin flashlight reading car sat suddenly pulled flashlight wasn broken fall flicked sat kind circle enclosed brick walls places brick crumbled powder slowly filling circle sod thomas feet rock stairway darkness foot stairs path walls dirt rock side walls close thomas touch extending arms inches head low ceiling carved rock cramped space uneasy foundation house natural rock idea story house pressing caused stop moment path
house biddle place kids lived meaner bruno small handle big dog grouchy tossed paper porch lightly keeping eye dog turning front door crashed open burst angry shouts large cat don thrown hit steps streaking tail ears cat shot phantom jet rippling grayish blur door slammed shut backed looking high speed cat waiting corner sitting low stone wall washing happened rough looking brute battle scarred king kong cats ears wide flat face chewed healed cut eye scar pushed eyebrow covered eye gave cockeyed squint coat dirty gray white spots dirty white gray spots couldn decide pocket dug piece soft candy wrapped paper pushed sniffed ate thing paper let harry popped suppose uncle harry plays professional hockey hung paper sack garage waiting harry strolled gave legs rub inside mom big cat home
sabrina music carry family tradition say stereo guitar sitting playing song smiled surprise days versatile career began learned play accompany friends dancing charleston play instruments sabrina learn quickly natural talent sabrina demonstration tape send record companies sign contract cut records tour money albums fame fortune totally dreaming gals lesson cutting records maybe dreaming trust sabrina going believe sounded sabrina picked guitar couldn remember names strings mrs peabody butted sabrina pattern skips number patterns easy skips sabrina weakly grandmother let talk reading notes music measured bars explained explained explained inches ruler sabrina didn basic chord mrs peabody hour chord chords didn mrs peabody let straight chord basic note combine notes order change keys ratio space notes
words picture answer topic picture girl studying tell books table important idea topic girl researching career choices girl taking notes going law school choice important main idea picture choice information main idea supporting detail main idea implied stated implied picture implied stated paragraph article main idea implied determine information words main idea stated clearly sentence simply find sentence signing constitution marked turning point history read passage find main idea supporting details main idea stated need determine constitution written says president united states chosen voters elections held amendment constitution states president hold office full terms president dies office resigns perform duties reason confusion president amendment constitution clearly states line person vice president executive office united states government passed president according constitution
travelers emperor city admire palace gardens heard nightingale sing declared loveliest returned countries write learned books city palace garden didn forget nightingale mentioned chapter write poetry wrote odes nightingale lived forest shores deep blue sea books read finally emperor sat golden chair started read nod head pleased read city palace gardens praised sentence song nightingale loveliest emperor nightingale don heard lives empire garden sort thing find reading books called chief courtier noble rank lower talked dared ask question answered didn mean strange famous bird called nightingale began emperor thought marvelous thing empire heard heard answered courtier presented court
stories ago tell amazing feats adventures hold reader captive events written happened exciting let imagination wander freely pretend events actually happen picture shows event myth myth story handed word mouth explains nature myths stories frequently tell gods human heroes supernatural powers myth daedalus icarus father possessed remarkable skills wings son wings fashioned feathers set beeswax giving icarus wings daedalus warned son fly high heat sun melt wax young foolish icarus began fly higher higher close sun wax began melt feathers loose wings icarus plunged sea drowned stone dog pages legend remarkable dog legend story handed word mouth tells deeds hero legend based partly facts retelling story changed longer true lagoon place mentioned legend stone dog exists stone figure exists saw stone ago tried think stone resembled suggested dog real dog wait high ridge
seeing harp fflewddur dismay vanished instant face beamed delight beautiful instrument play needed touch fingers strings melodies poured golden tide riddance pot fflewddur cried harp shows true skill fflam grateful chief bard smiled grateful pleases tell fared high hearted fflewddur set harp fact bard rode playing merrily singing top voice nearing river painfully gathering twigs fire winter ended chill wind bit sharply threadbare garments gave comfort cold shivered gale lips bitter blue fingers numb scarcely pick twigs greeting friend called fflewddur brisk weather blood re ill garbed warmer clothing replied frozen marrow bones cloak urged fflewddur doffing garment wrapping shoulders thanks wistfully fondling cloak need need exclaimed fflewddur added lips begun turning blue nose felt grown icicles welcome
highlands mexico called cold lands map page cold feel northern united states winter frost rare snow found highest mountain peaks standing water freeze coldest nights january february mexican highlands wear short sleeves warm wearing sweater night chapter learn cities villages mexico read mexico national government located mexico city largest city western hemisphere mountains north mexico city village called san miguel de allende recall chapter home maria village looks picture storybook narrow cobblestone streets wind center town twist hills outskirts lining streets houses churches san miguel de allende lovely spanish architecture government mexico national landmark town means law tear existing building put building place visitor easily find center san miguel walking tower tall church spread front church tree shaded plaza plaza popular gathering place young alike small colleges san miguel parts mexico study art literature modern languages
weeks gypsum mine passed settled monotony vast endless steppe torn sleep morning whistle beginning didn sleeping floor strangers soon passed slip sleep wakefulness barely noticing difference told worked munched bread cheese special treat bowl soup bits meat slept barely talked fever flared spent days room someplace father found straw mattress lay feverish doze unceremoniously yanked popravka warden learned love nights later told assemble meeting gathered front building director mine office waited air hot sky darkening quickly distance flash light crowd stirred find siberian electrical storm beautiful exciting imagine scared death grown ups midst siberia summer storm summer storm judgment punish master slave alike
played hopscotch picture shows group children ago playing hopscotch game brought america england find game played colonial america look information encyclopedia encyclopedia set books information places things events ideas articles called entries alphabetical order want information game hopscotch hopscotch key word find entry volume entries beginning key word word look experience encyclopedias easier decide key word look entries word found looking word puerto rico volume mount everest volume names listed bradford william volume chosen volume quickly find entry want guide words top set facing encyclopedia pages show entry word pages end entries find words cross references refers entries information subject article entry word refers entries give information subject need information subject encyclopedia article occurs card catalog helpful libraries card catalog set drawers cards filed alphabetical order
mama schoolteacher taught youngsters lessons wagon traveled town town played small portable piano inside wagon sing stephen foster songs re water andrew water supplies cactus city nodded suppose andrew mysterious simply andrew perkins sounded mysterious pluck coins air turn hens eggs silk handkerchiefs adopted stage according custom show folks mysterious company family entertained settlers pioneers small towns west brand brightly painted show wagon carried tricks props trade full lacquered boxes trap doors secret compartments colored scarves silk ribbons velvet tables golden fringes cabinets strange vases tucked corner hutch white rabbits waiting pulled hats occasion mysterious pulled rabbits ten gallon cowboy hats mexican sombreros coonskin caps ladies bonnets pa printed handbills small hand press ahead posted walls fences announce show arrival handbills cactus city mysterious company present show clock sharp wagon stuck mud stuck mud february iowa let sourdough biscuits mama jane adjusting yellow ribbon hair
choosing family pet puppy home compare big fuzzy puppy deep black eyes friendly active brown mutt chewing tail full sass looks playful pup smallest peeking floppy ears looks scared sleepy want friendly shy puppy home compared puppies comparisons read authors comparisons tell directly things alike clue words alike clue words order comparisons think subjects identify characteristics note characteristics subjects alike comparing puppies subject identify size behavior characteristics explain choose read mind animals places things compared compare subjects ask subjects alike look feel act author show paragraphs wild courage robert franklin leslie author observes family wild coyotes think coyotes alike sat log fire pit held pups gently firmly chest stopped squirming wide eyed button nosed faces peered curiously mine gradually quieted glanced mother lay unmoving stretched side eyes closed thought dying
front doorbell rang aunt joan uncle dave dave carrying father smile big turkey crisply browned plump aromatic beautiful mother hurried forward hand raised secret warning tried shoo dave door uncle warren kitchen call turkey snorted studied bird solemnly difficult call thought uncle warren uttered line family classic put turkey declared turkey want turkey follow trooped kitchen cousin edward carrie warren arranged picture twenty hour turkey presentation edward stood fashioned box cameras mounted wooden tripod watched edward operate variety cameras pictures thing common warren command stuck head resolutely black cloth camera stood ready warren yanked shower curtain slowly opened oven door stepped proudly side conflicting opinions happened consensus warren lost grip enormous roasting pan turkey fell floor skidded center room father say twenty hours cook twenty hour turkey think potent combination gases built bird catapulted forward turkey cannonball
tears coming coming strong stopping ran room throw bed cried quietly wondering seen love philip hall let don mind quit crying giving headache truth tell plumb tired lying bed tiptoed front door quietly didn face single solitary lambert passed pa garden growing weather admired corn stalks grow taller prouder sunrise stalk saw ears lots corn ripened ears ready picking plenty heap selling rows tomatoes able win blue ribbon country fair ribbon saved melons sweetest melons randolph county sun lowering light road highway reached remained elizabeth lorraine lambert friend veg stand surveyed damage corn muddied bruised mashed tomatoes littered gravel shoulder burst melons feast ants flies boards crates unbroken company sign suffer muddy directly word friend replaced boards crates began thinking happened thought growing weather pa extra planting ma taking help weed garden
sunlight reaches meters water plants need energy sun ocean plants live sunlight reaches sea animals live layer sunlit water fish squid porpoises whales organisms swim surface waters ocean plankton organisms drift ocean currents plankton millimeter important food sea animals kinds plankton food kinds plankton feed fish eat seaweed plankton kinds fish eat fish turn eaten larger fish relationship organisms feed food web deep parts ocean dark cold plants grow pressure enormous exists deepest parts ocean complex organisms need oxygen release energy food surface water oxygen air plants live water water sinking surface carries oxygen deeper levels organisms deep water need oxygen survive fish organisms live depths adapt pressure survive surface pressure lower animals live depths eat bodies plankton organisms die sink bottom animals digest decayed remains organisms sediment ocean floor prey living organisms swim cold dark water plants ocean important food fish
draws island especially island open sea islands sea interesting islands found rivers lakes flat wooded cut large land areas islands sea shaped strong waves winds unusual ways contrasts islands extreme lies fun exploring matter found north south east west personality offers unexpected things let visit american islands think agree special begin known end famous alaska remains unknown americans especially mile kodiak island southwest anchorage island headquarters russian fur traders russia founded non indian settlement island russia sale alaska islands united states cents acre allowed country acquire incredible regions won find famous towering alaskan glaciers kodiak island find unspoiled wilderness kodiak island reached anchorage kodiak island ferry plane ferry ride takes thirteen hours awe inspiring views forested hillsides rocky beaches glistening water pass quickly ferry glides crowded scenic harbor kodiak largest city island fishing boats kodiak small population boasts largest fishing fleet alaska
lecia returned firewood saw thermos bottle half jerked hole milk fire olive stared teacher mine girl flatly food left hidden olive sleeping watching smoke hole sky appeared night finally star stillness lecia tried prepare eventuality felt face blizzard maggie longer sat joanie eddie sick fourth rest colder white storm children silent inside small sobbed sickness hunger soft moaning lecia divided food left children chuck took animals sat silent deep eyes watching slyly gnawing willow sticks roots hidden palm fire coughing fevered lecia quarrels began maggie poor feet quiet olive sitting stunned teacher knew girl apparently contained weary think knowing awake night lecia stretched nap awoke olive sitting exactly places chuck eddie empty eddie blizzard night sweating
gollum worse hissed spluttered rocked backwards forwards slapped feet floor wriggled squirmed dare waste guess bilbo waiting tried sound bold cheerful feel sure game going end gollum guessed string shrieked gollum fair working guesses wrong cried bilbo relieved jumped feet put nearest wall held sword knew course riddle game sacred immense antiquity wicked creatures afraid cheat played felt trust slimy thing promise pinch excuse slide question genuine riddle according ancient laws rate gollum attack sword bilbo hand sat shivering whispering bilbo wait longer promise want show say precious show nassty baggins yes yes pocketses eh string precious gollum mind bilbo promise promise cross impatient precious hissed gollum wait yes tunnels hasty
cathy goal control stress number things help relax exercising watching diet creating healthy relationships cathy says relaxation stressful generalization explain overdoing things things generally increases stress reducing generalization broad statement reached thinking number facts reach generalization cathy thinking facts show frantic diet anxious relationships authors generalizations based facts present writing graphs charts writing ability identify evaluate author generalizations important helps understand information presented help decide trust rely point view presented identify generalization look broad statement generalizations sum information main idea generalization clue words generally clue words implicit stated added changing meaning generalization northern cities generally outdoor sports activities summer winter evaluate author generalization selection reading look facts support generalization think facts topic specific facts selection support generalization valid generalization facts support generalization faulty
charlie charlie called answer call bird branches overhead tremulous whistle hearing distance sara past hour joe melby walking deeper deeper forest pause trees thick small spots sunlight found heavy foliage charlie charlie waited looking ground joe want rest sara shook heard suddenly wanted brother badly throat began close tight feeling wanted thought glass ice water thirsty able drink single drop farther place top hill strip mining valley suddenly felt thought stand top hill look huge green valley small plump figure blue pajamas ask thought valley relief map shiny smooth brother spot cry ring bell valley hear charlie found paused leaned tree moment continued legs begun tremble
project koko began july received permission san francisco zoo try teach american sign language commonly called ameslan gorillas eye gorilla saw september furry infant clinging ferociously mother pushing baby baby slide asked determined baby told born fourth july contest held winning ko japanese fireworks child called nickname koko wanted study ability ape learn language heard psychologist taught sign language chimpanzee training psychology lifelong fascination animals feel project koko young dependent mother begin working finally koko ahead zoo officials begin foggy morning july entered nursery children zoo san francisco walked door koko left arms caretaker pushed soft face close mine smelling looking beginning roles project koko scientist trying teach human sign language deaf gorilla mother figure infant
poet describing poem evelyn hunt describing important famous person mother mother poet create clear vivid picture person mind poem writer creating pictures images places feelings things describe person poem mama sunrise makes writers especially poets create pictures words figures speech similes metaphors imagery simile comparison unlike things things compared thought alike poem read poet says mother kindles lump coal lighted says mother kindles family warm feelings lighted coal stove furnace warms bodies metaphor implied comparison things thing poet metaphor title mama sunrise mother sunrise poet warmth brightness feelings sunrise figures speech poets imagery poetry appeal directly senses imagery feel hear taste smell experiencing mama sunrise poet words phrases wake glowing puts spark papa eyes sweet talking create picture mind warm loving caring mother
hamilton says ages ago lay hospital bed wondering quickly decided attitude bad injury difference says determined problems normal react problems important hamilton impatient notion remarkable says person notice visible chair think want treated respect ends able majority suddenly disabled felt lot differences disabled uneasiness overly helpful ignore stare lot disabled hard realize put ease grips quickly harder optimism surviving things inconvenient believe details daily inconvenient hamilton house sports car modified accommodate disability schedules medication considered traveling takes longer skiiing takes friend hand schedule belies inconvenience hurries office photo sessions ads meetings lunchtime tennis lessons seasonal budget sessions guest representing small business presidential inauguration participated numerous sports exhibitions hamilton started wheelchair business hundred square foot shed parents home think tank factory
withdrawal blood surface body begin shiver grew awkward large piece green moss fell squarely fire tried poke fingers shivering poke disrupted nucleus fire scattering burning grasses tiny twigs tried poke shivering twigs hopelessly scattered twig gushed puff smoke fire provider failed looked eyes chanced dog sitting ruins fire snow making restless movements sight dog put wild idea head remembered tale caught blizzard killed steer crawled inside carcass saved kill dog bury hands warm body numbness build fire spoke dog calling feet glanced assure standing spoke sound whip lashes voice dog reaching distance lost control arms flashed dog experienced genuine surprise discovered hands clutch bend feeling fingers draw hold knife throttle animal released plunged wildly halted forty feet surveyed curiously ears sharply pricked forward
encyclopedia find information need find information special reference sources sources give information school reports interesting accurate complete want search information quickly searching lot information save look information suit specific purpose descriptions help learn kinds information special purpose reference sources offer atlas book maps atlases maps continents oceans countries feature maps american road atlas shows highways routes towns map area attractions parks atlases kinds maps showing city streets average rainfall locations surface moon planets historical boundaries areas atlases population figures listed index appendix dictionary information words find meaning pronunciation spelling word information origin words newspapers information news current events cultural affairs government actions weather sports topics newspapers daily weekly publications carry advertisements feature stories pictures editorials tv program listings readers guide periodical literature set books alphabetically lists articles published american magazines periodical publications general interest articles listed authors names subjects volumes covering periods recent quarter readers guide found library reference department tells magazine issue page numbers article
miyax pushed hood sealskin parka looked arctic sun yellow disc lime green sky colors clock evening wolves awoke quietly put cooking pot crept top dome shaped frost heave earth buckles rise fall crackling cold arctic winter lying stomach looked vast lawn grass moss focused attention wolves sleeps ago wagging tails awoke saw hands trembled heartbeat quickened frightened wolves shy harpoon shots desperate predicament miyax lost lost food sleeps north slope alaska barren slope stretches hundred miles brooks range arctic ocean hundred miles chukchi beaufort sea roads cross ponds lakes freckle immensity winds scream view direction exactly cosmos miyax body spark warmth depended wolves survival sure help miyax stared hard regal black wolf hoping catch eye tell starving ask food knew father eskimo hunter camped wolf den hunt
asked write story strange outer space number decisions choice tell story astronaut tell want narrator tell story authors decisions write choose point view include foreshadowing choices author help create author style stories special read appreciate styles noticing authors express author choice narrator point view determines information reader person point view author narrator character story pronoun stories person point view set foot red planet feeling thousand unseen eyes move person limited point view author makes narrator outsider follows character sees events person perspective kurt descended spacecraft prickle fear warn watched person omniscient point view author makes narrator knowing outsider report events thoughts feelings character kurt surveyed red planet making plans mine rich wealth minerals spread og yellow eyes narrowed plans alien intruder
describe building large warehouse ground floor store front door house warehouse door inside front door doorway leads staircase door top stairs frosted glass window office written black letters large main office big light full elli miep koophuis daytime small dark room safe wardrobe large cupboard leads small dark office van sit reach office passage glass door opened inside easily office passage goes past coal store steps leads showroom building private office dark dignified furniture linoleum carpets floor radio smart lamp class door roomy kitchen hot water faucet gas stove door floor wooden staircase leads downstairs passage floor small landing top door end landing left leading storeroom front house attics steep dutch staircases runs side door opening street hand door leads secret annexe guess rooms hidden plain gray door
function transistor radio transistor sandwich semiconductor type semiconductor differ type semiconductor likely hear transistor radio transistor radio heard street store beach park bus lunch counter times turn transistor radio called transistor radio main part transistor transistor device controls flow electric current radio transistors amplify strengthen electric current current strong radio speaker strong current speaker vibrates makes sound sound hear transistors things control flow electricity radios tv sets record players pocket calculators hearing aids electronic games space satellites high speed computers radio tv set home maybe school computer transistor small length centimeters inch inch bigger eraser pencil small transistor pocket calculators microcomputers small size transistor small devices transistors low voltage electrical push transistor radios plugged electrical outlets electricity battery
senses find happening scientific method senses fooled imagination minute picture mind things cook making soup wonders needs salt easy cook find girl walking friend house cool wishes worn sweater cool mechanic telling owner car car running fine needs muffler mechanic girl saying friend wish gotten extra slice onion hamburger suppose say admiring wife dress color looks says person thing senses help going observing environment senses finding sense seeing rely sense sight sense observing thought seeing observing necessarily mean seeing general observe senses getting information
statement answer question observation hypothesis observed water puddle dried say water dries mixes air statement hypothesis hypothesis answer question say hypothesis kind guess wild guess educated guess making hypothesis person think carefully observation question answered hypothesis stated form stated hypothesis parts part part simple hypothesis plant amount water grow hypotheses helpful scientists observations lead hypotheses scientists remember hypothesis fact answer question observation test hypotheses scientists experiments experiment test results experiment show hypothesis wrong hypothesis found true suggests theory theory established fact principle scientists believe true theory turn wrong accepted theory scientists testing tests prove theory wrong discarded
element give names elements element hydrogen gas solid elements found earth crust give names artificial elements element substance kind atom elements kind atom iron atom silver atom things everyday elements things iron tin copper silver oxygen aluminum elements pure form earth pure elements gold copper carbon form diamonds pure element table figure list pure elements found earth elements found solids liquids gases iron lead found solids mercury silver colored metal thermometers found liquid air breathe elements found gases element air depend elements natural elements exist nature natural elements liquids ten gases seventy solids solids metals gold copper silver aluminum mercury bromine liquids oxygen nitrogen hydrogen examples gases general natural elements show free
seen oil pumped beneath surface earth seen petroleum asked describe say thick black liquid petroleums alike kinds thicker darker petroleum single substance mixture substances substances petroleum gasoline kerosene waxes tar substances molecules elements hydrogen carbon reason petroleum mixture hydrocarbons scientists believe petroleum formed remains living things lived millions ago living things lived parts earth living parts kinds petroleum result formed kinds living things read petroleum mixture substances gasoline heating oil tar making things plastics medicines chemicals process changing petroleum substances called refining step refining petroleum separate substances heat change liquid petroleum gases gases piped bottom tall tower
kinds radiation nuclear isotopes radioisotopes differ radioisotopes scientists began learning nuclear ago french scientist antoine henri becquerel worked uranium ore put ore drawer photographic plates developed plates noticed black spots decided ore spoiled photographic plates marie pierre curie read becquerel findings wanted find uranium ore spoiled photographic plates soon found ore gave energy isolated elements ore called radium polonium elements gave energy amount pure uranium energy elements spoiled photographic plates today call energy nuclear energy comes nuclei atoms elements give kind energy radioactive energy called radiation radiation energy rays particles soon scientists began study radioactive matter wanted find energy early test small amount radioactive matter deep narrow opening lead block lead block stopped radiation moving opening small opening caused radiation form small beam
reason person machine machine advantage advantage called mechanical advantage machine number times machine multiplies force acting machine force acting machine called effort force machine overcomes called resistance effort needed move object equal resistance machine mechanical advantage pulley top flagpole machine mechanical advantage automobile jack effort needed smaller resistance automobile jack mechanical advantage greater fishing pole hand mechanical advantage takes greater effort lift line fish pole pulled line pole line move farther faster speed move lifted line saying true machine automobile jack mechanical advantage greater machines effort smaller resistance newtons pounds force lift newtons pounds getting machine put
sun produce heat light fuels burned heat renewable source heat energy produces heat human body produces greater amount energy pound uranium pound coal unwanted source heat sun largest source heat energy sun energy earth soon end sun energy referred solar energy solar energy heat light sun chapter concerned heat learning light study chapter light color sun energy solar energy produced basically sun huge ball hot gas nearly million kilometers miles space glowing gas sun special fire touched match fire sun thermonuclear reaction reaction nucleus atom heat prefix thermo means heat thermonuclear reaction sun nuclear fusion solar fusion huge bursts energy released nuclear reactions nuclear reactions endlessly sun constantly giving heat light sun huge nuclear power plant space ways sun energy home
kinds internal combustion engines stroke cycle differ stroke cycle law motion jet airplanes rockets fly seen steam engine kind engine seen type engine things automobiles model airplanes lawn mowers internal combustion engine steam engine internal combustion engine piston engine internal combustion piston engine classed times piston moves cylinder complete burning fuel move piston end cylinder called stroke number strokes needed let fuel cylinder burn fuel remove gases called cycle piston engines stroke cycle stroke cycle lawn mower engines strokes direction complete cycle start stroke fuel piston top cylinder started burning electric spark burning fuel heat gases expand rapidly pushes piston end cylinder uncovering openings cylinder wall pipes fitted openings exhaust pipe gases exhaust leave engine
kind electricity galvani believe discovered volta say animal electricity chemical cell need order electricity study electricity chemicals interesting beginning started frogs italian biologist luigi galvani studying muscles frogs muscles studied hanging hind legs freshly killed frogs copper hooks copper hooks put iron rod legs frogs moved legs alive galvani knew electric charges muscles move thought hanging frog legs metal hooks let electricity inside frog legs letting electricity caused legs move galvani thought discovered kind electricity called animal electricity figure later learned frog legs copper hooks copper rod legs move metals touch frog legs order let animal electricity scientist alessandro volta agree galvani volta believe thing animal electricity volta showed frog legs needed electricity metals salt water needed electricity electricity formed metals touched electricity called contact electricity
electricity dangerous grounded circuits protect electric shocks safe electricity wondered electric wires home covered insulation reason person touching uncovered wire shock shock felt electricity goes person shocked touched electric appliance radio taking bath electric appliance connected wiring home electricity wiring touch appliance wet electricity flow wet hand body water pipes ground shocked dangerous course electric shocks dangerous shocked times remember walking rug getting shock touched metal object kind shock surprised certainly dangerous lot electricity flows body shock dangerous danger strong electric shock person muscles tight shock strong muscles tight person control able move electricity causing shock electricity stop beating person heart
kind water wave dipping finger water kind water wave dipping length bar water difference reflected waves refracted waves think waves think water waves waves mind study water waves water waves transverse waves mind characteristics water waves hold true kinds waves sound waves light waves study water waves tank waves tank called ripple tank ripples small waves tank control things affect water waves figure ripple tank look waves directly piece white paper tabletop floor beneath tank clear light bulb hung tank light shines water white paper water paper evenly lighted waves tank paper evenly lighted pattern light dark places seen paper pattern light dark places makes easy study waves ripples move tank
solar energy solar collector heat house solar energy generate electricity windmills energy biomass moment sun giving amount energy form heat light energy known solar energy sun energy earth soon end solar energy things green plants sun energy food food living things earth solar energy takes care earthly needs solar energy keeps water cycle going heat sun water rises oceans atmosphere goes parts land solar energy mind planners giving thought solar energy everyday needs sun energy answer growing demand energy things heat houses buildings solar energy direct sun heat referred direct thermal direct thermal beach summer persons heating homes solar energy put solar collectors roofs houses
breeder reactor produce nuclear fusion learned study chapter nuclear reactions nuclear reactor generate electricity nuclear reactors united states run electric power plants atom important source energy ahead greater nuclear energy future breeder reactors nuclear reactor splits atoms splits atoms chain reaction setting tremendous amount energy reactor splits uranium atoms heat run electric power plants steam produced turns power plant turbines uranium fuel matter remains atomic waste kind reactor fuel chain reaction makes fuel splits uranium atom reactor known breeder reactor breeder reactor produces plutonium radioactive element plutonium nuclear fuel split chain reaction uranium split persons believe breeder reactors answer energy question plutonium looked renewable resource renewable resource breeder reactors plutonium hand energy running electric power plants generating electricity
computer parts computer part computer program function flowchart computer age computers human beings travel space lives earth schools computers scheduling computer store accounts print company paychecks set type guide airplanes control traffic run machines draw pictures list goes computers photograph home popular video games small computers computer computer machine sort process call data information word computer mean digital computer digital computer digits numerals digits transistor computer computer signals signals transistor part known input unit feeds data computer keyboard put information directly computer serves input unit keyboard typewriter keyboard keyboard put data magnetic disk magnetic disk serves input unit data fed computer central processing unit central processing unit parts
brown chief police idaville son leroy puts clues solutions police cases success solving father cases leads leroy known encyclopedia brown form detective agency sally kimball partner encyclopedia finds victim crime thirty tuesday morning sally kimball roller skates disappeared waiting room dr vivian wilson office encyclopedia brown boy detective ten feet scene crime sitting chair eyes shut mouth wide open excuse dr wilson pulling encyclopedia teeth dr wilson cheerfully handing encyclopedia ice cream cone tooth ugh encyclopedia dr wilson hop chair encyclopedia hopped put tooth pocket going give charlie stewart collected teeth flowered cookie jar encyclopedia waiting room chair left sally roller skates empty looked chair dropped knees looked chair skates re exclaimed sure brought asked dr wilson sure answered encyclopedia broken
monkey lived tree riverbank monkey soon moved tree wanted crocodile live peace crocodile found river living tree middle river island covered fruit trees halfway bank river island large rock rose water monkey jump rock island crocodile watched monkey crossing bank river rock island thought monkey stay island catch home night monkey fine feast crocodile swam watching night crocodile crawled water lay rock perfectly grew dark trees monkey started home ran river bank stopped matter rock monkey thought saw high crocodile lying edge water called hello rock answer called hello rock times monkey called friend rock answer tonight stupid crocodile
eskimo live climate freezing point danger death part eskimos daily snow machines dog teams houses igloos electric lights stores eskimo changed ways young strong wind brought storm shook windows school gust lights closest houses winked disappeared swirls snow thrown side building looking storm clock blackboard hands held giant weights thirty hour special birthday muttered hit desk softly clenched fist hoped perfectly calm father check traps early morning mother home cooking big meal party night beautiful parka mother sewn complete fur ruff trimming trapping season poor chance especially father luck find fox traps parka finished
left warm safety kitchen mounted inky black stairs floor holding belt front reached stepladder paused moment count heads aw don think gonna skin seeing silly ghost yer asked peter frost words doubt hand held joe belt shaking shaking stepladder joe hoarse whisper push open hatch cautiously mounted stepladder lead ending pit darkness don light flash asked peter frost sound carefree easy scare ghost suppose snorted joe ghost comin light happens interested howl interrupted joe words sounded close moffats afraid peter frost recognize voice catherine cat didn began shake shake violently making stepladder standing shiver creak joe pushed trap door shoulders fell open groan climbed stood attic floor pale glow light attic thickest blackness
ago edge small mountain village snow country japan lived wife call happy winter morning set village bundle firewood fastened bitter cold knew trouble selling wood money buy food wife supper trudged falling snow suddenly aware fluttering sound pitiful cry turning path investigate crane frantically trying free trap heart touched pity magnificent bird tried soothe crane tender words hands released cruel spring trap crane flew joyfully calling disappeared snowy sky lighter step snow sold wood returned humble house wife busied preparing supper told rescuing crane deed surely gods reward kind heart spoke words tapping door
wasting moment hurried center village saw beautiful cloth carrying crowd soon gathered pay ten gold pieces cloth cried sell twenty gold pieces person saw cloth offered money finally sold cloth hundred pieces gold stopping buy rice rice cakes kimono san treats hurried home pockets jingling tomorrow tomorrow sang happy eating rice cakes whiter snow hustle bustle wife prepared feast pounded rice wife fine white cakes children party friend san cold days winter san couple weave bolt cloth money live spring returns remember told look working promised girl locked room began weaving
wake morning tell happen fine morning prince woke castle hill didn slightest idea going happen rode forest friends suddenly thick cold fog blew woods cloud fog covered prince head toe minute later fog drifted prince friends searched night morning rode castle tell king strange story fog rolled sky took son king loved son riches kingdom loved strongest wisest finds prince brings win half kingdom strongest strong searched wide wisest wise searched wide kingdom heard news prince disappeared cloud fog wanted half kingdom set search prince fine morning poor peasant girl woke cottage edge forest
prince told trolls cast spell magic fog holding prisoner agreed marry told prince sad king offered half kingdom found son brought home found prince don want found nice warm cave nice trolls asking marry gave prince funny look wasn true prince real reason don want home makes sad kingdom run king listen rich rich poor poor hard yes sadly prince looked began laugh jumped golden bed laughing laughing funny poor asked cried prince won poor half kingdom share king half kingdom things thing run awake prince
happened alfalfa field barefoot sort lying watching ladybugs climb yellow flowers saw kid barefoot sort lying watching ladybugs climb yellow flowers helping fell want favorite called pointed bug tell truth couldn difference million going part field choose favorite wasn easy practiced choosing ladybugs finally looked surprised believe passed days ago business didn talk stretched closed eyes let alfalfa taller favorite thing sleeping awake awake wake play tell favorite thing game think playing turn favorite turn ahead tell favorite color blue wrong game say blue say kind blue
wait minute mama maria running put schoolbooks stroller juanita mama play marjorie house mama late supper maria making special soup tonight mmmm mmm soup maria looked thoughtful frowned mama yes maria mama lot potatoes soup course mama smiling marjorie eat potatoes mother eat sister eat potatoes fattening mama fattening city think longer mountains west mama eats potatoes city mama leave potatoes potatoes mama thoughtfully looked maria anxious face shrugged plenty things soup potatoes add soup maria kissed mama cheek course mama soup mama juanita markets street markets thinking aloud tomatoes onions celery red peppers chili peppers hot garlic potatoes mama market tomatoes celery market onions garlic
deep voice voices called front door shut bang mama home mama juan manuel antonio maria pulling papa hand stand kitchen doorway papa reached baby juanita swung shoulders heard special papa heard soup tonight mama mama eyes flashed fire waited soup mama papa simply soup ah si want leave mama voice rose high celery want soup celery papa raised eyebrows celery papa opened hands wide shrugged celery put leave matter soup mama kitchen mama waved arms wide air fire mama eyes flashed busy busy getting supper call mama rosie help mama rosie juan manuel antonio maria papa baby tiptoed living room silence coming kitchen sound quiet humming soon humming mixed clatter plates spoons sounds table set supper
ramona geraldine quimby convinced loves family cat picky picky keeps ramona likes signs special draw grade class girl named susan copies owl ramona drawing teacher mrs griggs picks susan owl praise terribly angry ramona susan owl later apologize front class ramona begins hate school older sister beezus felt afternoon mrs griggs handed member room sealed envelope progress reports home parents ramona mind going show progress report mother father soon reached home hid envelope bottom drawer summer paper crayons kitchen table sheet paper drew black crayon careful outline animal mouse sheet bear turtle ramona loved crayon troubles fade filled ten pages outlines animals found father stapler fastened paper book
hope reached grabbed bruce started twist arm listen rats heard cave someplace re young cave re taking show twist arm big kid grab slipped past starting run stuck foot tripped sat say joe pal idea kids tell cave tie em ole hanging tree leave em night ghost coyote river gave howl jumped talk ghosts joe coyote howling going tell kid tie tree bruce knew trying scare scared opening mouth tell cave wol took hand things sitting big limb hanging tree dark looked white blob don think paying attention happening ground coyote howled thought kind challenge
tom parents leave month trip europe reluctantly goes stay aunt millie farm city tom stay models friend petie days farm longest slowest days days moving air bees biggest fattest bees seen hang air problem enormously adaptable person fit situations lot standing days standing kitchen aunt millie turn stirring bump say goodness gave scare didn hear minute ago didn hear quiet uncle fred barn wiping hands rag standing say boy going fine uncle fred don mischief won spent lot pond walking road spent hour afternoon hitting end rope swing hanging tree front yard
move looked froze moment bright eyes looking curiosity fear cocked head side listening stayed perfectly getting looked turned bounded side ravine turning top disappearing underbrush felt shelter trees paused going follow wanted follow lead forest stayed farm saw fox marvelous accident don happen real happen petie walking alley house top lady garbage saw mayonnaise jar full marbles cat eye marbles kinds kinds seen petie turned grass petie chose chose today single marbles accident past weeks practically tearing woods looking den black fox
classify kinds government according power organized modern nation levels governments exclusive sovereignty live territorial boundaries sovereignty divided central government subdivisions nation unitary government power govern held central national government local units states provinces cities towns set mainly carry policies central government decides arrangement governments county city town governments united states unitary unitary form government common today governments france britain israel organized power central government unitary system limited written constitution common law historical precedent federal government powers shared central government regional governments regional subdivision government final authority cases shares federal local governments relationship separate states national government united states federal national government powers states united states nation states including canada mexico yugoslavia federal form government
constitution adopted wanted hold conventions change constitution proposed problems discuss conventions ranged slavery electoral reform efforts successful constitution changed times proposed congress late interest holding constitutional convention increased americans concerned size federal government limit growth place controls government spending result political leaders interest groups called national convention write amendment change constitution amendment require congress balance federal budget limit government spending states asked congress call gathering opponents constitutional convention feel bring greater risks benefits claim guidelines convention delegates chosen issues discussed business conducted fear delegates wander single issue consider subjects creating confusion disunity claim amendments written quickly publicity endanger political system problem opponents foresee interest groups try bill rights hand supporters constitutional convention argue congress insensitive public opinion issues government spending economic reform
countries entering united states larger numbers today early gap rights citizens rights aliens grown smaller legal aliens things vote serve juries property run businesses send children public schools efforts allow illegal aliens enjoy benefits native born americans concerned latest wave immigrants affect american society according polls majority americans favor reducing number legal immigrants allowed enter country want illegal immigration stopped major reason aliens put strain country resources immigrants feared jobs housing community services native born americans argue immigrants low paying jobs going poor americans wages taxpayers areas unwilling spend tax dollars schooling public services illegal aliens want federal government steps end illegal immigration want federal government provide financial aid communities support newcomers americans believe present immigration laws need changed feel immigrants discouraged coming united states fact want increase claim immigrants especially illegal aliens fill jobs turned native born americans
today americans common concerns forming interest groups hope influencing government policy groups compete similar groups conflicting interests struggle opposing interest groups interest groups political parties grows political importance interest groups numerous powerful today political parties fear place american political system threatened party members charge political activities interest groups divide weaken party system argue interest groups tend judge based issue group defeat elected official fully support issues official ideas acceptable group members critics charge interest groups successful blocking government actions compromising result partial solutions carried campaign president independent candidate john anderson voiced concerns interest groups close stalemated society interest group blocks policy matter wise interests threatened hand favor interest groups point politicians deal concerns region interest group deals special interests cross regions end lawful means try influence public opinion political candidates government leaders public policies
organizing campaign difficult professional campaign workers hard find specialized pay low join campaign staffs reasons believe party candidate political ambitions want government job simply enjoy excitement early campaign major office candidate generally sets campaign organization similar shown figure page course size staff number committees differ depending exact office sought majority campaign workers volunteers door door polls telephone calls type send mail run errands help vote election things candidate candidate campaign organization estimate campaign cost decide pay number voters reach small expenses expenses advertising television printing postage travel staff salaries involved cost high william clements spent million governor texas york governor hugh carey spent million job presidential election expensive entire presidential campaign instance cost candidates estimated combined total million money wealthy candidates pay campaigns
politics large part greatly influenced president john kennedy statement ask country ask country today barbara serving country legislator colorado born california earned degree history economics stanford university moving colorado assistant director metro denver urban coalition later worked denver housing administration took part political campaigns president colorado young democrats experience government won election finish term retiring senator serving reelected colorado senate senator named outstanding democratic legislator colorado coalition social legislation colorado important question legislators today balance development natural resources environmental conservation areas developed legislators aware problems need roads schools water energy legislators states face problems found colorado senator worked legislation concerned tax reform air pollution control aid elderly aid public schools energy conservation women rights deal issues legislators senator answer difficult questions
local governments numerous units government united states today learned chapter governments incredibly varied organization function course spend huge amounts money mind fact local governments employ national governments combined number local government employees increasing percent annually local governments employed million surprising local governments spend billions dollars local expenditures totaled billion spending city county governments accounted half amount issues local government issues related expenditures words decisions money shape issues faced local governments today local governments spend billions dollars hundreds programs funded local governments affect lives figure page shows general areas local governments spent money dollar totals expenditure category listed table page local governments spend money public schools utilities social services environment housing public safety important note spending patterns shown table local governments combined studied separately municipality special district spending patterns
primary responsibility members congress stated laws land members decide important matters amending constitution approving federal budget setting federal taxes determining social service benefits provide funds states education jobs housing addition members congress conduct investigations review executive judicial branches government congress session members spend days offices meetings colleagues meet constituents representatives interest groups give opinions legislation variety requests help getting government job apply government contract appointments military academies passes session congress senate house representatives gather separate bodies wing capitol building sessions begin noon continue afternoon important legislation considered evening bell signals call members floor offices vote members congress attend important social events washington president inauguration part ceremonies involving home district welcome foreign leaders nation capital hold dinners receptions known public figures addition lawmaking members congress elected represent serve needs constituents
congress authority govern territories areas control united states congress governs military naval bases federal properties prisons parks courthouses post offices american territories virgin islands addition constitution congress jurisdiction washington nation capital area federal lands washington territory governed congress shortly washington chosen nation capital congress established local government run city elect council members later allowed choose mayor permitted vote members congress president city lost government due mismanagement congress set territorial form government led officials appointed president approval senate place city council committees congress supervised city affairs mid residents began demanding part city government twenty amendment adopted gave residents vote presidential elections congress finally gave elect local government officials congress retained veto power actions city government congress approved constitutional amendment give washington representation houses congress
constitution president chief executive nation presidents responsibilities carry task government rely highly organized executive branch help run government executive branch presidential orders passed administrative chain command setup employee rank function persons lower positions responsible persons higher positions carry according rules chain command operates policy decision reached goes president line agencies organizations involved operating programs dealing directly orders flow white house heads large agencies chiefs smaller units officers lowest levels executive branch taking place policy recommendations passed chain administrators agencies departments finally president base decisions recommendations president administrators line agencies receive support staff agencies staff agencies give advice help president line agencies activities planning budgeting unlike line agencies run programs difference kinds agencies precise line agencies staff advisory likewise staff agencies part operating tasks directing government president help number advisors assistants known executive staffs
selecting persons nation government george washington chose felt qualified office thomas jefferson tests select government workers qualification office agreement political principles president andrew jackson changed system appointing persons jobs national government jackson fired government workers replaced loyal party believed political victor belong spoils case spoils jobs federal government jackson spoils system based political patronage full bloom public opposed system charged federal government inefficient felt dishonest workers government positions money friends movement reform federal government selecting workers grew finally congress passed civil service act pendleton act called amended basic provisions act control civil service system act set united states civil service commission carry regulations regarding government workers commission replaced agencies office personnel management merit system protection board pendleton act set classes workers classified employees unclassified employees classified employees chosen basis merit worker merit decided takes test times civil service commission
purposes control nation supply money general level economic activity controlled stability economy tied amount money monetary policy manipulation money supply produce desired effect economy economy recession downward trend economic activity money needed encourage finance expansion easy money policy makes money easily considered desirable economy grow hand danger inflation tight money policy considered restricting supply money inflation general rise level prices decrease money board governors number ways manage nation money supply outlined figure page board influences lending power banks economy reserve requirement requires member bank percentage funds deposit district federal reserve bank rest loaned changing amount funds required deposit fed affects amount money member banks loans individuals businesses suppose built construction company established credit limit local bank
warsaw pact military alliance formed soviet union communist nations eastern europe figure page pact signed warsaw poland response nato alliance warsaw pact unified military command headquartered moscow soviet capital united states considers defense western hemisphere important part foreign military policy inter american treaty reciprocal assistance rio pact common defense americas signed includes united states latin american nations listed figure page members pledged aid case attack western hemisphere president john kennedy acted rio pact imposed naval blockade cuba prevent soviet union setting missiles cuban soil action received backing american nations japanese united states security pact signed mutual defense agreement military protection japan return allowing american military forces stationed addition united states mutual defense arrangements philippines korea thailand american troops south korea prevent invasion north korea pact signed joins united states australia zealand defensive alliance covers south pacific area
united states soviet union entered cold war began compete arms race buildup number kinds weapons nation possessed period united states dominant nuclear power soviet union worked build supply nuclear weapons seen table page arms race superpowers continued expand nations involved arms race due membership military alliances fear conflict neighboring nation internal struggles arms race put strain economies nations involved believed tended increase chances nuclear war effort limit spread nuclear weapons united nations led international arms control effort promote disarmament reduction weapons un set united nations disarmament commission commission un members belong number general disarmament treaties negotiated united states soviet union britain signed limited nuclear test ban treaty powers agreed test nuclear weapons ground outer space underwater france republic china working building nuclear weapons country signed treaty united states soviet union britain signed outer space treaty agreed promote peaceful exploration outer space
interests training lead career involving american foreign relations bernard alter foreign service officer born upper west side manhattan york city graduation city college york alter joined peace corps india dramatic change united states peace corps experience led alter pursue career enable overseas receiving master degree international relations passing department exams alter entered foreign service spoke dialect alter wife pat assigned lahore pakistan later delhi india asked chose consular officer alter notes consular concerned problems help look american citizens overseas issue visas foreigners wishing visit united states cases goal provide service bureaucracy humane alters enjoy living overseas especially welcome opportunity involved cross cultural according alter desirable assignment desk officer department headquarters washington assignment says paper pushing job alter orientation led challenging experiences career action received department superior award occurred assignment lahore child american citizen kidnapped pakistani father
europeans fifteenth century unaware vast continents inhabited peoples ancient histories lay side atlantic ocean europe undergoing soon lead discovery exploration europeans reach vikings scandinavia founded colony greenland late leif ericson son eric red sailed atlantic ocean norway heading home greenland blown course ended northeast coast america called place landed vinland wild grapes growing ericson later trader iceland named attempting find vinland landed place named meaning land flat rocks leif ericson brothers thorvald sister exploratory trips vikings set permanent colonies exploration put italian dreamer named christopher columbus changed course history small ships nina pinta santa maria sailed westward palos spain sunrise august october crew ready mutiny throw commander christopher columbus overboard set home columbus begged patient days large flocks birds flying overhead week sure sign land
virginia colonized commercial company profit contrast development england shaped chief motives related religious beliefs profit seeking role secondary early henry viii england broke catholic church break occurred pope refused henry request childless marriage catherine aragon dissolved henry wanted remarry declared pope longer power england henry established church england head religion religion officially supported government church practices followers protestant reformation england known puritans thought reform needed church england catholic church puritans believed church england purified changing rules rituals group petitioners asked ring left marriage service ministers allowed freedom interpret church teachings puritans agreed exactly minority group called separatists believed church england reformed began start churches separatist churches law members thrown prison small group separatists fled holland allowed religious freedom
shortly lexington concord benedict arnold captain connecticut militia authorized raise force seize fort ticonderoga lake champlain ticonderoga strategically located rich military supplies arnold learned ethan allen mounting expedition vermont attack fort arnold joined allen force known green mountain boys caught british surprise garrison surrendered fort ticonderoga fell continental congress met philadelphia colonies delegates georgia officially represented months congress assumed leadership american acted country central government shortly delegates resolved put colonies defense took responsibility siege boston ordered militia transformed continental army named george washington commander chief congress assuming powers independent government delegates intend form independent country simply desired greater liberty british empire radicals led samuel john adams favored complete independence moderates led john dickinson pennsylvania hoped reconciliation britain july attempt negotiate britain congress approved olive branch petition petition asked george iii prevent hostile actions colonies urged help restore harmony
despite missouri compromise rivalry major sections united states continued create conflict conflict emerged andrew jackson popular unite sectional interests major political party called age jackson andrew jackson leading political figure united states jackson symbolized rise common politics term office increased power presidency added prestige national government jackson policies led unforeseen problems problems successors deal political unity country enjoyed era feelings short lived divided issues slavery tariff internal improvements politicians took extreme position issue risked alienating large number voters election reflected growing sectionalism american politics election candidates ran president john quincy adams massachusetts henry clay kentucky andrew jackson tennessee william crawford georgia called republicans number candidates testified fact party disintegrating national organization part candidates identified regional interests results popular election largely sectional nature fact jackson candidate showed strength region carrying pennsylvania jersey south west
texas american interest california brought conflict mexico americans interested california early result sea otter trade england sailors hunted otter california coast traded pelts china large profit englanders impressed wealth beauty california sailors involved whaling hide tallow trade later confirmed opinion glowing descriptions area number americans california began increase california population american sailors fur traders mexican officials soon began worry presence americans rumors revolution spread case americans convicted taking part plot overthrow mexican government despite actions mexican government california saw influx american farmers traveled overland mississippi valley rocky mountains south pass basin sierra nevada mountains california trip took months hardships number american settlers california increased interest united states government president jackson tried buy northern california mexico success later president tyler secretary daniel webster plans negotiating cession formal surrender territory rights california
kansas nebraska act turned kansas battleground pro antislavery forces fertile soil drew settlers northwest missouri states upper south england settlers homes determined kansas free determined slave spring elections held kansas territorial legislature assure outcome proslavery border ruffians crossed missouri election took polls bullied voters cast illegal votes votes counted registered voters election clearly fraud governor kansas president pierce took action legislature slavery legal passed severe slave code included death penalty aiding escaped slave antislavery settlers countered organizing free party drew constitution slavery illegal free staters abolitionists want competition black labor slave free free constitution prohibited free blacks entering territory january free settlers elected governor legislature kansas governments president pierce declared antislavery government illegal roving bands border ruffians terrorized free settlers law order proslavery leaders tried antislavery leaders arrested spring proslavery mob attacked free town lawrence
end farmers won battle cattle raisers control west government encouragement agricultural techniques determination farmers completed conquest frontier encourage settlement frontier congress passed homestead act act offered acres land hectares cultivate pay small fee acres land farmers trying living dryer parts west congress passed timber culture act allowed settlers additional acres plant trees acres congress passed desert land act purpose encourage irrigation southwest acres farmers effort irrigate claims acts subject abuse due chiefly lack enforcement procedures supposed farm plant trees irrigate homesteads minimal obeying letter law actually improve land cattle barons bought allotted share land land speculators acquired large holdings millions acres farmers granted big railroad companies land grants railroad companies accomplished intended purpose encourage extension railroad lines country result railroads moved ahead frontier drawing americans west
america changing america emerged late america shaped urban environment replaced older agrarian setting rural areas america immigrants countries flocked expanding urban centers cities grew american society took increasingly urban character development brought opportunities problems calling solutions cities important part national scene cities vital centers physical social cultural change period obvious sheer growth urban growth american cities growing steadily colonial times york city million rate growth rose significantly late york population tripled span chicago population rose million philadelphia grew approximately million boston baltimore increased greatest growth occurred industrial cities northeast cities regions experienced rapid growth nashville minneapolis los growing population due influx immigrants countries americans rural areas industrial city gateway opportunity
women driving force progressive reform fact women figured largely progressive movement indication status improved women colleges north east turning trained graduates generations women aware interested issues national women clubs devoted study issues common fact clubs nearly million members rights women expanded recognized women states recognized dispose wages states equal guardianship children importantly states women vote professions remained male domain women confined educational charitable limitation served respect volunteering settlement houses child welfare centers consumers groups middle class women acquired hand knowledge conditions needed reformed american writers played major part exposing social problems critical nature works theodore roosevelt compared character john bunyan book pilgrim progress look downward hands character intent raking filth look offered crown roosevelt comment writers social ills called muckrakers
conservative mood country worked disadvantage wilson democrats democrats power nearly deal resentment built policies wilson lying ill white house democrats knew party hope winning upcoming presidential election republicans hand optimistic chances success middle prosperity war end running money economy slowing unemployment rise americans tired president wilson sermons duty obligation national mission wanted change republicans confident republicans nominated warren gamaliel harding president calvin coolidge hero boston police strike vice president harding small town newspaper publisher risen senate serving ohio political machine harding coolidge democrats nominated james cox progressive governor ohio president assistant secretary navy franklin roosevelt vice president cox roosevelt campaigned vigorously cast votes overwhelmingly conservative republicans harding wanted liked wanted strong president believed country present need healing nostrums normalcy revolution restoration surgery serenity
hundred days president roosevelt supplied action needed american economy collapsing provided relief unemployed started country road economic recovery situation grave roosevelt continued programs relief reform crisis receded criticism deal mounted affected progress nonetheless deal lasting impact american roosevelt specific plan action took office vast store ideas draw ideas supplied advisors views conflicted fact roosevelt method government called broker government type government president acts broker intermediary groups groups held influence times completely satisfied roosevelt tolerated wide range opinion advisors definite views subjects national planning economic planning federal government inflation deficit spending practice spending funds collected roosevelt brain trust group experts drawn academic held ideas similar theodore roosevelt nationalism favored national planning laissez faire advisors believed economic concentration part american evidence pointed free markets based supply demand largely replaced administered markets control exercised policymakers ran large companies
europe area fell prey totalitarian movements east japan succumbed small island nation suffered poverty overpopulation need raw materials japanese viewed country advanced east thought nations west riches asia firmly believed japan divine mission lead asia era economic expansion prosperity japan won russo japanese war recognized power chinese allied russia war russia defeat japanese southern half manchuria region china rich resources manchuria colony japan viewed economic lifeline barrier russian expansion soviet armies invaded northern manchuria forced chinese allow joint control chinese eastern railway ran siberia russians began building huge air naval bases return russian power east worried japanese led reinforce half manchuria hope halting soviet expansion chinese making attempt regain control manchuria events combined worldwide depression ruined japan silk trade inflamed nationalist elements japan blamed country problems corrupt officials thought government foreign policy sufficiently aggressive
late early americans uncertain future country home economy suffered high inflation rising unemployment continuing energy crisis abroad united states faced growing power soviet union increasingly acted independently superpowers instability helped soviet union worked american interests united states began rebuild military strength intervene trouble spots frustrated developments foreign affairs disillusioned watergate scandal americans looked national leaders committed traditional values creative solving difficult problems voters elected presidents established political circles washington jimmy carter sworn president united states january president deep south civil war inaugural address carter promised open administration restore confidence american government inaugural ceremony carter family walked pennsylvania avenue capitol white house riding traditional limousine gesture symbolized carter desire create informal presidency carter wanted seen common person reason wanted known officially jimmy carter james earl carter jr trips country attended public meetings answered questions ordinary citizens
reagan administration took strong stand soviet union allies fighting communism major emphasis american foreign policy reagan appointed alexander haig professional soldier commander nato forces secretary haig spoke soviet involvement afghanistan africa indochina accused soviet union communist countries aiding terrorist activities november soviet leader leonid brezhnev died heart attack moscow succeeded office yuri head kgb soviet secret police likely change icy relations soviet union united states beginning term reagan reluctant enter arms control talks soviet union believed important build american defenses agreement negotiated thought reagan concerned dangers nuclear war pressure mounted effort negotiate arms control soviets western europe lesser extent united states demonstrations took place calling nuclear freeze halt superpowers buildup nuclear arsenals finally spring reagan administration announced united states soviet union hold negotiations range strategic nuclear weapons negotiate medium range missiles europe
americans forced wrestle large number diplomatic economic social problems problems recent origin making defy easy solutions american foreign policy past try balance competing political economic social strategic goals difficult task goals controversial americans support policy united states enhance international trade ensure national security strengthen western alliance promote human freedom unfortunately goals conflict countries western alliance goals incompatible united states western europeans feel directly threatened soviet union simply closer result likely soviets americans led controversies deployment nuclear weapons european soil europeans think provoke soviet attack similarly improving american trade depend countries willing case point japan economic growth war ii called modern miracle united states imports enormous quantities japanese products reverse true reason japan limited importing japanese government subsidizes japanese manufacturers allowing undercut american prices
united states america began british colonies englishman john cabot explored atlantic coast north america voyages england claimed entire continent north florida starting jamestown virginia english planted settlements atlantic coast colonies hampshire georgia shown map page colonies grew rapidly distanced french spanish rivals population wealth trade inhabitants number britain british colonies successful answer poor living british america home colonies nations english king english parliament lawmaking body strict french spanish governing colonies king gave permission companies settle govern colonial territories companies attracted settlers providing transportation america land food agricultural tools exchange companies gained exclusive trading rights settlers poor colonies indentured servants woman agreement indenture captain ship exchange passage america captain received sell services indentured servant indentured servant worked farmer merchant pay end settler free start farm business
congress invited send delegates meet philadelphia building declaration independence signed purpose meeting revise articles confederation delegates important meetings american history constitutional convention constitution basic set rules guides government action constitution rule paying president salary president stated times receive services compensation salary increased diminished period elected basic rules government needs laws enacted statute laws agree constitution congress passed statute law telling president salary expense money law proper agrees constitution law violates constitution court declare unconstitutional prevent carried law passed raising president salary term office law constitution law today thing form organization draw constitution feel comfortable written set rules avoids quarrels protects rights individual members distinguished group delegates assembled independence hall represented rhode island
founding fathers provided method changing constitution article states constitution amended changed section added follows amendment proposed thirds vote houses congress national convention called request thirds states proposal accepted legislatures fourths states special conventions fourths states difficult add amendment constitution thirds fourths vote harder simple majority vote nation founders wanted constitution foundation entire government rests think carefully widespread approval basic law changed amendments designed protect human rights hear person angrily demand want constitutional rights constitutional rights freedoms guaranteed amendments constitution american history consists struggles obtain rights provided constitution story struggles told later book let look amendments order constitution adopted james madison promised section rights added soon promise congress proposed known bill rights
believed women worldly matters claimed women head business understand politics cried upset today males regard superior females getting think women weaker sex need protection direction ago attitudes prevented women voting women able vote intelligently took campaigning women win franchise early women freedom enjoy today customs brought england females inferior position unmarried girl controlled male relatives father brothers uncles education girls stopped elementary school rarely woman higher marriage ceremony meant love honor obey married woman rights law husband complete power wife beat angry husband controlled belonging wife included property owned married small amount money earn home females vote hold public office participate town meetings woman place home finality times women slaves true american women live slaves
alexander hamilton thomas jefferson greatest political leaders united states produced today read writing giants american history study lives hamilton jefferson opposing ideas policies plans action federal government adopt political enemies states adopted constitution hamilton jefferson fought control government argued brilliantly beliefs gathered large supporters conflict brought birth political parties united states alexander hamilton born west indies merchant nicholas employer thought highly alec ability york cure ailment left hamilton complete charge business returned young hamilton greeted account book glowing respectable profit early solid prosperous business practice part hamilton faith event occurred changed boy hurricane roared west indies leaving path destruction alexander quickly wrote vivid account disaster article west indian newspaper published overnight celebrity islands began talk bright young hamilton important collected money send college
immigrants united states gradually assimilated began fit ways living country learned english began practice american customs americanized truer children understand process let follow history imaginary immigrant family maria children stood united states immigration inspector ellis island fumbled pockets search passport afraid country american official spoke polish knew english early ellis island york harbor official receiving station immigrants presented papers answered questions age born occupation going money job received medical examination vaccinations told inspector going steel mill buffalo york cousin urged america promised job arrived buffalo cousin took small house find place surprise found section buffalo entirely polish spoke native language homes streets shops
kind art called impressionism impressionist artist tries record momentary impressions nature especially effects light impressionism emphasizes form color detail impressionist hasty sketchy technique bring pattern subject joseph stella impressionist painter painted bridge brooklyn bridge york city stella painting draws attention cables wires steel bridge bridge photograph design lines soar upward lift space modern artists show real things paint fascinating designs colors forms lines examples jackson pollock simply colorful blobs paint interesting arrangement call style painting abstract art art qualities style mary cassatt bath page qualities realism impressionism georgia church taos mexico facing page similarities abstract art painting actual church simplified interpreted artist literature includes kinds writings novels biographies poems essays american publishers bring novels paperback mysteries books social problems millions americans read works leisure means literature readers visit strange lands ancient times live adventures
story community born grows help understand community pioneer community midwest spring trees yellow green pioneer family wagons tools livestock farm animals indian trail wilderness path stopped pleasant meadow river edge dug spade ground turned rich black soil wife place settle turn land farm ship crops market broad river indian trail bring settlers region pioneer family rolled sleeves began build farm sufficient family read chapter soon rough log cabin stood indian trail family cleared small patch land crude tools planted crop worked hard farming acres spring farmer built barn soon livestock farmer predicted families moved nearby lonely pioneers visited sons daughters intermarried times merriment families neighborhood gathered dance sing feast helped build barns drive wolves fight indians
jacob riis newspaper reporter investigated conditions york city slums run dirty districts found shocked prod government wrote strongly worded articles passage describes tenement house visited careful hall dark stumble children pitching pennies hurt kicks cuffs daily diet fresh air enters stairs comes hall door forever slamming windows dark bedrooms woman filling pail hydrant bumped sinks hallway tenants access poisoned alike summer stenches step carefully baby baby spite rags dirt iron bridges called fire escapes loaded despite incessant watchfulness fireman broken household goods barrels climb fire gap dingy brick walls yard strip smoke colored sky heaven wonder attract churches tenement front left closer darker hundred thousand lived rear tenements york
early roads cities mud tracks country grew dissatisfied poor roads demanded roads trade travel private companies saw chance profit asked permission governments build highways return building maintaining highways company charged toll early private companies built thousands miles roads eastern united states miles road gate bar called pike toll collector turned pike allow paid traveler called roads turnpikes later governments began main responsibility building maintaining roads states began operate turnpikes today city highway department builds maintains roads federal government built major road early cumberland national road running cumberland maryland westward mountains ohio vandalia illinois helped bind east west national road improvement roads considered engineering marvel feet wide foot section center crushed stone foot deep gravel topping provide surface travel road informed travelers location
swensons place finishing big supper bill leans table says don idea farmers bed roses times bad bad times bad explain bill say bill continues farmers borrow money comes paying money farmer runs trouble grandfather bank borrow money buy farm grandfather swenson took loan bank willing lend money farming booming bank charged high yearly interest rate percent loan mortgage farm mortgage agreement bank property borrower repay loan bill grandfather yearly payments loan bad times farm prices fell longer earn money continue pay loan actually needed loan going bank refused give money failing farm poor risk unlikely succeed credit meaning bank believe able repay loan bank foreclosed mortgage took swenson farm sold loan money
colonial times factories employing england small factories produced shoes hats rough woolen linen cloth mills ground wheat flour sawed timber planks largest manufacturing business shipbuilding colonial shipyards turned hundreds ships kinds america position manufacturing nation lay future word revolution meanings mean rapid change ways replace britain late ways making things hand changed machines revolution swept industry industrial revolution occurred manufacture british textiles cloth james perfected machine spun threads called spinning jenny created sensation demand imagine british manufacturers exclaimed machine increase production times marvel age richard connected spinning machine water wheel run river cheap source power operate machine edmund cartwright english clergyman invented power loom weave cloth thread dozen weavers soon marvels commonplace appearance machine stimulated inventors think steam engine sewing machine cotton gin rapidly imaginative creating manufacturing improvements industry advanced previous history
president johnson ordered american airplanes bomb north vietnam communist supply base american air fleets rained bombs enemy north vietnam south vietnam later bombed cambodia laos pilots tried hit military targets bridges railroads military supply dumps killed civilians destroyed homes air force dropped tons bombs times dropped war ii war horrified regarded united states shining light freedom vietnam sneered word america thought south vietnam puppet united states entangled mess americans asked public opinion polls showed american divided vietnamese war public opinion poll tells think works want sample watermelon taste small piece piece ripe believe melon sample tells public opinion poll thing organizations send interviewers ask think matters big job ask citizen interview small number select carefully sample population
foreign aid program point program fourth point president truman plan fight communism today united states agency international development aid runs program emphasis teaching technical skills knowledge export american countries improve education production foreign government asks help increasing poultry production send poultry expert breeds chickens suited country country wants improve textile production send technical advisers factory managers teach methods united states spends deal money foreign aid allotted billion economic assistance countries nation gave freely united states government expects cooperation foreign government foreign aid giveaway program partnership improvement underdeveloped country popular foreign aid program common underdeveloped countries peace corps youthful president kennedy established workers young older serve lillian carter president carter mother served india members peace corps peace war working hand hand poor countries helping improve conditions peace corps volunteers carry projects education irrigation sanitation road building agriculture
economic social council agencies cooperate deal examples millions hungry children poverty stricken countries milk united nation children fund milk machinery processing milk die heart disease health organization carries heart research geneva sends experts millions personal rights live slaves economic social council drew universal declaration human rights things says discrimination race color sex language religion nationality africa country ethiopia needed money build sugar mill international finance corporation lent money ethiopia airlines need worldwide weather forecasting service organization program called weather watch set centers cities egypt building dam nile river backed water soon cover famous ancient stone temple united nations educational scientific cultural organization rescued temple workers dismantled shipped york city workers put metropolitan museum art saved treasures record security council supposed peace mixed bag successes
tell beginning normal violent experience age clear noticed things seep slowly reader apt feel let tricked eventually point glad say mad hereditary madness family thing sets girls age say thirteen school private kindergarten sort school upwards girls left eleven dumb talk writers lot thought writers let certainly actual words thoughts considerable number written things lot paper lying house father schoolmaster remember didn pick pencils write funny don think actually buy paper free parsons children collection paper thinking
summer uncle farm magic elizabeth geeder turns imagination mysterious young woman skilled care handling prize razorback hogs geeder suspects ordinary person geeder eyes extraordinary height regal bearing beauty queen geeder convinced finds bears remarkable resemblance princess pictured magazine geeder tells neighborhood children queen descended africa builds image geeder longs bring geeder reality arranges meeting geeder clearing woods meeting wears beautiful dress dress princess didn mind silence geeder relaxed serene viewed geeder head foot eyes full strange light dark geeder sat began stare hard watchful held lady read eyes fathom looking wondered beads pretty suddenly lot clothes
mom clock promptly heard elevator stop floor heard talking nurses central desk talking mom hall room carrying uniform arm didn wash smiling want put paul heavy wool uniform won leaving till suffocate want put anyway bring shoes shoes baseball shoes mom pair sneakers wear glove larry father soon glove taking care oiling cap socks undershirt help put let wait paul waited mom mon help nurse mom couldn didn strength help hospital gown uniform mirror asked mirror room disappeared couple weeks don remember mirror want look
chelm city fools housewife bought fish sabbath rich bought large fish poor small bought thursday cut chopped gefilte fish friday eaten sabbath thursday morning door opened house community leader chelm gronam ox ninny entered carrying trough full water inside large live carp gronam asked gift wise chelm largest carp caught lake chelm decided give token appreciation wisdom thank gronam ox replied wife delighted love carp read book eating brains carp increases wisdom chelm immensely clever improvement hurts let close look told carp tail shows size brain gronam ox known nearsighted bent trough observe carp tail carp proved wise gronam thought lifted tail smacked gronam face gronam ox happened exclaimed believe carp caught chelm lake
happened gronam ox decisions postponing sentence carp impatient ate swam tub fatter realizing severe sentence hung head changed water frequently told carp died act contempt gronam ox chelm court justice water carrier extra pennies bringing water carp opposition gronam ox spread gossip gronam couldn find type punishment carp waiting carp die natural death disappointment awaited morning half later sentence known known chelm stunned carp drowned gronam ox thought clever sentences brilliant enemies amazed shrewd verdict drowning kind death suited spiteful carp large tail small brain entire chelm community gathered lake sentence executed carp big brought lake wagon carried worst criminals death
jim game book jim reads book jim sees game jim plays game jim likes game game book helps jim don comes house don jim read game book boys game boys play game boys play game boys game meg comes house meg don jim read book game meg don jim play game play game game meg says don jim play game play game don says jim plays game jim plays game jim fun meg jenny jay house meg big jenny jay meg jay book look book meg reads book meg reads book jay jenny sees cookies book jenny likes cookies meg jay cookies meg reads book jenny jay cookies cookies book cookies cookies cookies cookies cookies cookies look cookies jenny jay meg cookies cooks peanut butter candy mix
easy feel knowing feel hard feelings answer early checkup number easy feel feelings talk remember story julio aunt showed help talking adults family began feel part growing telling feel feel lonely love feel lonely feel lonely left friends tom jim brothers tom friends leave jim games jim feels lonely loves tom angry jim start feeling jim understand happened tom older wants friends age jim friends jim happier friends jim tom friends friends month ago gail lent book bees willie gail angry needs book write report gail feels willie unfair book
goal plan want learn set goals things trying reach goals help feel reach goal plan reaching goal help feel happier trying reach goals teaches skills suppose trying reader class reach final goal reader scott hamilton born illness hard walk grow slowly doctor hoped exercise improve scott health scott chose ice skating goal skate easy scott reached goal scott set goal harder scott hamilton wanted win olympic gold medal scott won skate olympic games scott win olympic gold medal stop scott hamilton scott planned goal won gold medal figure skating championship goal think set scott decided try olympic gold medal goal saving money buy want goal math
friends spend listening listening letting talk listening means trying understand thinks feels means asking questions sure understand listening means offering ideas answer early checkup number listener let talk friends families share family shares home sharing letting sister wear sweater letting friends books find hard share afraid lost broken want share belongs share belongs sharing easier quickly return borrow care things sharing shows care ten billy patterson friends formed group call stands helping older billy friends share group older help serve food senior citizens club dining room billy patterson blind friends help move dining room billy billy happy club felt lonely forgotten wanted visit billy friends share senior citizens
brain stops working sleep brain helping dream sending signals muscles helps heart beating keeps lungs working body systems brain sleep answer early checkup number brain sleep asleep reading brain helping read think brain working part body helps control breathing brain tells eyes blink seconds helps control heart beating think actions brain controls signals brain reach part body organ cells tissues systems body nerve cells carry signals brain spinal cord brain decides signal means nerve signal part body wonder brain called body control center fully grown brain weigh pounds kg brain grow bigger help exercise brain brain think learn works camera eyes working parts
think feel step health feel rested fresh morning school feel playing feel ready sleep bedtime think feel days read lives kim tony kim slept night morning warm shower breakfast started school lots energy hungry lunch ate sandwich carrot sticks apple school kim asked tony bicycle park throw frisbee don feel playing tony told kim think home watch ball game tv tony tired play frisbee sleep night goodnight family clock sat bed read baseball cards morning woke late bath breakfast late school tony quiet school tired school trouble staying awake afternoon energy play frisbee kim healthy kim enjoy things feeling playing kinds exercise sleep night healthy learn foods growth
healthful foods give energy school play healthful foods give body nutrients needs nutrients parts foods help body cells grow help body grow cells learn nutrients chapter answer early checkup number foods eat energy need schoolwork play eat groups foods fruits vegetables milk bread cereal meat fish healthful meal foods groups foods give body energy nutrients help grow stay healthy sleeping body chance rest repair sleep body hard awake muscles slowly heart lungs move slowly body temperature goes brain relaxes stops working part brain dream scientists say dreams help mind stay healthy parts brain body parts working sleep answer early checkup number sleep body hard awake need sleep age need hours night exercise lot need sleep
food eat answer exactly alike food differently nutrients faster age size younger children eat teenagers older eat teenagers need food bodies growing quickly bigger need food smaller age kinds daily exercise food energy need food days climb jump days read lot answer early checkup number need energy studying running foods differ foods friends choose healthful lunch planned fixed school bring lunch home eat healthful foods food allergies foods ill allergies shellfish tomatoes chocolate milk wheat eggs foods break skin rash foods feel sick stomachs foods breathing hard food allergies need ask doctor foods eat answer early checkup number true eat healthful food milk wheat eggs ago milk unsafe drink
foods eaten lunch nutrients body needs afternoon energy lunches planned fixed school give healthful foods bring lunch school foods main food groups track lunches eat days look food groups pages lunches balanced healthful answer early checkup number snacks tasting nutritious dinner supper full meal morning means dinner supply energy need sleep dinner family talk boys girls lands maybe friend family comes part country friends eat healthful foods look taste eat family comes lives important choosing foods families southern united states cereal families northern states choose oatmeal families choose foods cost try money shop food compare prices find food package
bicycle driving exercise helps healthy fun sure driving healthful fun bike safely sure bike size wheels handlebars loose tires need air permission drive bike dark sure car drivers able bike front light put reflecting tape bike frame wheels law bike ten reflectors big clean inch cm reflector white reflector front bike pedal amber pedal reflector front side front wheel white amber reflector side wheel red white reflector roll tie bottoms pants legs loose pants legs catch chain pedal wear blow front face tie hair wear shoes driving put reflecting tape clothing drive hands handlebars basket carrier carry books feet pedals carry bike stay seated wheels ground stop walking street crossings
living things small seen eye scientists doctors call microbes call germs germs plants animals tiny seen microscope microscope makes look bigger germs harmless disease disease germs spread sick healthy enter body spoiled food dirty water germs live increase quickly warm place food water body place disease germs body ill stopped growing answer early checkup number germs give diseases disease germs spread person healthy catch disease germs ill healthy carry disease germs strong sick cough sneeze talk close spread germs germs carried tiny drops liquid nose mouth drops light float air float breathe breathe germs disease germs spread dishes spoons combs toothbrushes touch eat drink diseases young catch
body built germs covering skin germs healthy skin enter skin cracked cut scraped burned keeping skin clean important dirt dust oil hold germs skin washed cuts scrapes washed soap water doctor tell treat cuts antiseptic antiseptic kills germs slows growth cut covered clean bandage keeps germs getting cut lice insects skin problems insects live hair lice scalp feel itchy scratch scratch skin infections places scratched getting lice combs hats clothing pillows special shampoos getting rid lice disease germs body openings nose mouth nose lined hairs hairs catch bits dust air breathe hairs germs entering body nose mouth throat sticky liquid called mucus germs stick mucus keeps germs getting inside body body needs liquids mucus wet reason drinking water important especially ill germs lungs coughed mucus
diseases body antibodies fight doctors making immune diseases vaccines vaccines disease germs dead weak germs mix blood body makes antibodies fight vaccines diseases polio measles doctor give vaccines shots vaccines mouth vaccine booster vaccine shots boosters extra shots immune diseases germs harmless germs helpful germs body help foods eat health energy germs produce special milks cheeses healthful germs vaccines protect disease doctors helpful germs fight disease started strong medicines called antibiotics germs fight germs chemicals antibiotics kill disease germs slow growth answer early checkup number doctor tell put disease germs blood strong medicines antibiotics doctor medicine helpful person bad
advertising tell consumer toothpaste cereal buy tell consumers healthy tom writer advertising created films television commercials tell water safety fire protection tell need wearing safety belts cars helped create advertisements called healthy commercials warn consumers health risks tobacco alcohol happy talents saved listened information safety belt commercials says labels provide kinds information tell package tell product results labels tell consumers product safely tell product labels give safety warnings product ask adult family read label explain labels health food products show list ingredients things product ingredients listed largest amounts product wise consumers read label products buy want food says added sugar want product colors chemicals added
consumers look health services help places community health departments medical associations help special centers clinics doctors dentists treat patients cost tell health services health checkup programs hospital services home health care services answer early checkup number places wise consumers learn health services need community hospitals emergency rooms emergency sudden accident illness emergency rooms offer quick help poisoning accidents communities poison control center families telephone numbers emergency room poison control center telephone home poison control center area telephone number large part family money spent health services cost services doctors dentists hospitals nurses keeps getting higher medicines costly makes important learn consumer easiest ways save money prevent health problems rest exercise eating foods keeping body clean ways help prevent illness save money doctor drugstore bills find prevent illness reading chapter
dr samuel johnson author famous english dictionaries dictionaries watches worst expected true dr johnson lived ago statement true languages constantly changing dictionaries change reflect languages dictionary invaluable aid educated person fullest extent dictionary provide deal information unfortunately dictionary section designed help dictionary effectively reference section school public library seen huge dictionary special stand unabridged dictionary massive volume hundred thousand detailed entries occasionally need unabridged dictionary find convenient abridged dictionary smaller size abridged dictionary makes easier abridged dictionaries information answer questions dictionaries differ organization symbols abbreviations find helpful dictionary consistently don dictionary familiar dictionary classroom library understanding dictionary prove beneficial incomplete understanding organization dictionaries
writing process making choices decide ideas want express words words arranged writing occurs sentences step making understood writing write sentences clear direct step combine related ideas sentences sentence group words expresses main idea main ideas smaller ideas smaller idea expressed sentence result choppy monotonous group sentences hungry game stopped night diner hamburgers clam chowder improve choppy style combining ideas sentence hungry game stopped night diner hamburgers clam chowder sentence main idea main idea parts sentence flows smoothly shows ideas related ways express idea effective writers choose communicates idea clearly chapter show combine related ideas create effective sentences give practice making choices writer sentences express similar ideas equal importance joined comma word
problems writing largely problems sentences improve sentences automatically improve paragraphs reports letters produce sentence try talented professionals trust drafts highly acclaimed writers katherine anne porter james baldwin drafts point departure revise sentences say exactly want say revising surest improve writing reread drafts find problems sentences lack ideas give information sentences ideas broken sentences sense chapter deals sentence problems shows solve sentences revising written young opportunity revise sentences revising method writing improvement tested thousands students worked dramatically method rely principles grammar focuses writing problems problems meaning sense reason pittsburgh steelers favorite team sentences say empty sentences grammatically complete lacking ideas substance
narrative paragraph developed chronological order events related order happened writer open narrative paragraph description event topic sentence common acceptable practice examples chapter follow established pattern general statement developed specific details narrative paragraphs relate events part longer pieces writing examples illustrate type narrative anpao grandmother spider lived happily tipi green gourd field golden light anpao father grandmother spider bowls clay baked sunshine dried baked embers cooking fire gathered thorny leaves yucca coiled baskets anpao grandmother spider autumn days collect dried plants bring home stored winter baskets hung yellow gourds dry smoked meat fire jennie listening words fallen trance meditation lips twitched chewed gums rubbed gnarled hands nervously suddenly leaned forward buried face nervous hands burst tears cried aloud dry cracked voice suggested rattle fodder dead stalks cried aloud child learned suppress genuine sob
write question ask faced writing composition answering need think things interest likely include familiar things things learn taking choose subject interests able write composition creates interest part readers step process writing general subjects fall categories relate personal experiences writer require knowledge sources writer experience individual unique person looks acts thinks lived exactly experiences thoughts feelings provide endless source subjects interesting compositions writer composition drew uniqueness experiences explain growing meant hill stood whispered sea ten younger decade separates boy bigger boy understanding sort loss understanding sea bluer think
major part composition body paragraphs ideas introductory paragraph developed explained let look composition origins jazz introductory paragraph composition roots american jazz planted century born roots beat music brass bands blues roots eventually joined form american music jazz paragraph writer discuss beat music brass bands blues outline composition body paragraphs concerned ideas writer consulted notes outline wrote paragraphs beat root jazz began varied rhythms african slaves orleans sunday slaves gather congo square celebration recalled rhythms homeland rhythms passed parent child musicians beat intricate rhythms drums sizes dance clap beat born root jazz planted orleans french colony lived city delta heard strident music military brass band danced rhythms french played bands
written mailed letter think finished reason write request information elicit reply face step reply writing company job openings write letter company fortunate receive reply important form application form application form job admission school requires attention degree skill answer questions receive copy errors pen practice printing prepared type read instructions carefully fine print prospective employer learns deal ability follow directions follow neatly think write error erase carefully cross mistake application forms number questions common sooner prepared easier fill application forms survive paperwork items read carefully forms ask address date birth sex height weight color hair color eyes normal application entries
knowing library resources save energy completing assignments require information english studies understanding books classified arranged shelves card catalog find steps library resources efficiently reference works important source information separate section library reference works quickest obtain information chapter give basic information need efficient intelligent library important understand classification arrangement books library knowing books enable find book need novels short story collections arranged alphabetical order author wanted read separate peace john knowles look section library marked fiction look books authors names begin find book alphabetical position book borrowed carelessly returned wrong position wise check part shelf book returned alphabetical order libraries classify nonfiction books according dewey decimal system system named originator american librarian melvil dewey classifies books number ten major categories
common method exchanging information ideas informal discussion method exchange information books tv programs sports science religion topic informal discussion method commonly solving personal group problems chapter show participate effectively group discussion show contribution break entire discussion understanding groups function help group reach decisions efficiently fairly degree succeed chairperson group discussion depends familiarity subject discussion carry duties leader prepare discussion preliminary reading thinking subject notes important points considered introduce topic problem aim discussion mention important points think group want consider allow introduction discussion short summary conclusions reached discussion orderly allow person speak ask members group raise hands wish speak give chance contribute persons wish speak call person small share discussion group interest high pitch ask stimulating questions especially discussion begins lag
english book begin chapter building vocabulary begins success school depend extent knowledge words words tools reading writing speaking listening tools mastering subjects history science foreign languages studies shown larger vocabulary greater chances success school later study chapter seriously enlarge vocabulary importantly acquire power add supply words chapter show unlock meanings unfamiliar words seeing show dictionary find exact word looking large vocabulary command able master school subjects quickly easily able express thoughts feelings precisely study chapter learn ways find meanings unfamiliar words meaning word determined context context word sentence group sentences word appears context unfamiliar word help determine meaning books television programs detective called scene crime examines surrounding territory evidence help solve crime
temporarily lost sense hearing ear infection bad cold times likely aware depend sense move alarm clock waking sounds traffic cross street greetings friends school mother call dinner evening hearing questions help tune sense record ideas journal close eyes listen minute list sounds able hear classroom pick sound heard place describe list usual sounds beginning end period class list beginning ending sounds class compare list sounds remember hearing cafeteria lunch room list sounds home ordinarily notice list sounds hear list sounds hear stop ears minute concentrate kinds sounds try chewing humming shaking head kinds sounds tones hear describe list musical sounds
spent lot practicing senses concentrating sharpening pull learned look senses lists notes material journal find writing enjoyed activities satisfying write study sensory writing senses working evening lovely true raining lovely stands window motionless shadowy forest mysterious clearing foxgloves died winter water voices drift river lets fall occasional note signature evening forest emanates odor winter decomposition summer blooming exotic pungent heady enchanted moment faces night magic holds capacity improbability unlikely daytime fire going stove overlong arm wood beckoning firebox moths night winged creatures freeway window list senses words phrases related sense missing writer speaks enchantment magic improbability senses involved
descriptive paragraph paints word picture appeals reader senses clarity word picture depends carefully selected words precise details guiding selection words details writer focus impression wants create writer selects details appeal visual sense village fairly typical consisted small shacks walls built jagged cuts sawmill whitewashed stood patch ground surrounded bamboo fence gardens shacks filled strange variety tins kettles broken barrels brimming flowers wide ditches full muddy water separated gardens road ditches spanned front gate small rickety bridge roughly nailed branches writer paragraph decided describe village decide exactly wanted readers narrowed focus houses gardens selected details help create vivid impression houses gardens writer careful selection precise details clearly visualize village describing details visual description organized logical order orders include side side top bottom reverse reverse methods organization provided order clear readers
chapters familiar paragraph ways developed chapter build knowledge paragraphs study ways parts longer compositions definition composition slightly paragraph paragraph group sentences dealing single topic idea sentence called topic sentence states main idea sentences related topic sentence explain support main idea composition group paragraphs dealing single topic idea paragraph called introductory paragraph states main idea composition paragraphs related introductory paragraph explain support main idea composition main parts introductory paragraph body conclusion introductory paragraph similar topic sentence paragraph presents main idea composition body middle paragraphs explain support main idea conclusion final paragraph restates main idea summarizes information presented preceding paragraphs makes final comment information paragraphs develop single topic idea subject composition composition find difficult think television sets mere pieces machinery
body major part composition body paragraphs main idea composition presented introductory paragraph supported explained let look introductory paragraph sample composition coast oregon week june coast oregon alive don mean alive weekend salmon fishermen crowded bars cafes bay front newport kind talking leave town drive magnificent coast cliffs headlands introductory paragraph composition describe found coast oregon week june final outline composition shows body paragraphs describe kinds vegetation left road wildlife edge sea wilderness area seen coast road writer developed supporting ideas body paragraphs travel south coast road countryside left alive color golden splashes scotch broom bank road beautiful sun bright green coastal meadows carpeted daisies fragile white flowers contrast sturdy dark trunks towering douglas fir spruce hemlock myrtle cedar blooms bloom oregon june azaleas rhododendron edge forest wild roses
assignment strike fear heart students turns biggest bravest mass quivering bones quavering voices assignment week present oral report class problem overcome acquiring skills involved delivering effective talk mastered skills able speak effectively knowledgeably enjoy speaking group shake inside practice notice let deal instances school require oral presentation formal talks point doubtful asked stand tell class vacation types oral presentations involved amount preparation involved informal talk lengthy background instances speaking minute easy write talk announcements find notes adequate sure amount preparation going say going say practice reading material aloud looks paper difficult read orally
future salesperson appeal perform commercial television able sell product public valuable sell teachers friends employers want convince parents backpack family vacation trip visiting relatives big city try promote band trip summer olympics school administration selling involve products involve ideas specific criteria sincere persuasive enthusiastic salesperson starts don suppose interested list television radio commercials decide makes effective poor unconvincing share ideas rest class sell fictitious product class minute commercial product market devise breath freshener solves problem completely sealing mouth wrinkle cream want look older original chances asked introduce class club organization group involved require anita rivera president ninth grade
body talk important part talk inform entertain persuade audience drawing introduction give facts information support thesis aware amount total talk body talk total introduction conclusion guidelines organizing body talk determine major points amount allotted talk determine major points wish cover wise outline talk sure points actually major logical coherent order notes sort major points develop major points decided exactly major points going cover information notes develop points develop point exactly develop paragraph composition theme talk purpose determine facts statistics details illustrations descriptions anecdotes personal experience combination build talk climax build talk climax want present ideas order importance cases present ideas logical sequence
dad children store dad gave list stacy find things list stacy dad put cart things list held hand list dad didn stacy dad pushed cart dad saw gomez dad gomez talked walked rows dad put things cart took things cart stacy put things cart took things cart stacy pickles look dad stacy cart dad stacy found putting things dad want help don give list dad put cart gave list hold stacy dad find things big ranch lots land cattle ranch sheep sheep need care cattle need care help ride horses watch animals animals rope catch rope called lasso pickup truck brings food animals truck breaks woman fixes ranch hard
matter air weight takes space air lighter kinds matter air empty drinking glass weighs milligram fraction ounce total amount air surrounds earth heavy total amount air atmosphere weighs trillion metric tons air resistance feel resistance ride bicycle faster pedal greater amount air resistance air expand contract expands heated contracts cooled air compressed squeezed compressed air inflate automobile tires operate pneumatic drills air moves feel air face wind blows sun heats air move air heated expands lighter rises atmosphere cool air moves place warm air air rises cool air moves wind begins blow atmosphere active things happening atmosphere activity comes atmosphere interacts surface earth atmosphere surface act ways weather interaction atmosphere surface earth weather condition atmosphere elements weather wind temperature precipitation humidity air pressure
pick mineral things notice color color physical property mineral earth scientists identify mineral observing color malachite green sulfur bright yellow mineral deep blue minerals identified color impurity changed color mineral pure quartz colorless depending impurity quartz pink yellow violet gray brown minerals change color surface tarnishes exposed air happens silver exposed air mineral tarnishes leaves color streak mineral rubbed hard white piece unglazed porcelain leaves powder porcelain color powder called streak minerals streak color mineral hematite red black color streak hematite reddish brown streak physical property identify mineral physical property mineral hardness hardness resistance scratched friedrich mohs german scientist devised hardness scale lists ten known minerals mineral number ten softest mineral talc listed hardness hardest mineral diamond listed
minerals dissolved water instances mineral separated water means evaporation water evaporates mineral left mineral separated solution precipitate precipitate substance separated solution means chemical change physical change minerals formed evaporation precipitation known chemical sediments common sedimentary rocks formed chemical sediments limestone rock salt rock gypsum limestone formed mineral calcite calcite dissolved water separated solution precipitate rock salt halite rock gypsum consists entirely mineral gypsum rock salt rock gypsum separated water evaporation organic sediments remains living organisms shells plants common organic sediments found coal remains living plants coal formed organic sediments limestones formed chemical precipitates limestones organic sediments types organic limestone chalk chalk remains microscopic marine organisms soft smooth fine textured chalk makes famous white cliffs dover overlooking english channel sedimentary rock shells animals ocean calcite water shells
meant earth moon system moon gravity compare earth gravity tides ocean moons planets solar system ganymede titan callisto triton io larger earth moon size moon compared size planets orbit earth moon ranks larger moons earth moon fourth size earth diameter kilometers miles sun gravity exerts force earth moon single body force exerted earth moon moon kilometers miles earth sun gravitational pull moon earth remain orbit sun moon goes sun earth orbit earth earth moon considered single system earth moon system share center gravity center gravity place sun gravitational pull earth moon greatest place kilometers miles center earth center gravity sun exerts gravitational force earth moon single system seen movies astronauts hopping leaping moon
sunspots sunspot cycle solar prominences solar wind solar wind affect sun interesting activities place surface sun activities called sunspots scientists known sunspots fact chinese astronomers knew ago galileo aware move surface sun sunspots hollow places sun surface gases floor sunspot gases cooler gases surrounding surface sun gases sunspots cool darker gases sunspots show black spots sun surface sunspots small huge areas kilometers miles diameter scientists think sunspots caused strong magnetic fields surface sun think magnetic fields shaped tubes fields tightly stretched sun rotates twisting breaking sun surface magnetic field pierces surface pair sunspots form sunspot forms magnetic field comes surface sunspot forms magnetic field goes surface times sunspots times fact sunspot cycle number sunspots increases decreases
believed occur star color temperature star related unit measurement distance star meant absolute magnitude star stars alike sizes colors sun medium sized star sirius brightest star night sky medium sized star medium sized stars range tenth size sun ten times size stars tenth size sun called dwarfs dwarfs smaller earth kind dwarf white dwarf dense star mass comparable sun large earth star ten hundred times larger sun called giant star larger star thousand times size sun figure lists giant stars size star reveal age scientists believe star begins medium sized star expands giant finally contracts dwarf related star production energy recall star sun produces amount heat light changing matter energy
collect weather information weather stations order forecast weather air mass move front move weather maps forecast weather weather stations country weather stations instruments measuring air pressure temperature wind direction wind speed relative humidity precipitation weather station trained observe measure report weather wondering weather stations needed reason weather stations help meteorologists forecast predict weather meteorologists reported information weather stations forecast weather part country information weather satellites radar weather satellites circle earth pictures pictures show places covered clouds weather balloons carry instruments measuring relative humidity temperature air pressure send information radio conditions air radar radio detecting ranging detect clouds large objects air meteorologists put information receive weather stations weather satellites radar note conditions change hour hour place place place note air pressure rising falling note air temperature going
things help determine climate place major groups climates climate guess things help determine climate place things prevailing wind mountain ranges hills large bodies water ocean currents place distance equator height sea level help determine climate mountains hills air masses move rise air mass rises cools water vapor condenses falls earth prevailing wind comes west rain fall west side mountains side mountains moisture crops grown east side mountains climate dry suppose large bodies water affect climate large bodies water moderating effect temperature cold inland land large body water cold inland hot inland land water hot climate milder water inland differences coldest warmest temperatures ocean currents play important part determining climate heard current called gulf stream current moves warm caribbean area east coast united states cape
evidence past earth climate earth orbit affect climate air pollution affect climate scientists discovered earth climate climates earth changed sheets ice covered half north america tell north america climate past fossils coral animal lives warm seawater discovered rocks greenland today greenland island completely covered ice tell greenland climate past scientists study past climates ways scientists study things deep sea cores ice cores tree rings figure studies show climate changing course noticeable period scientists say earth climate warm fact average air temperature earth slowly rising temperature records places show average air temperature slowly falling think falling average air temperature earth climate future scientists believe taking place shape earth orbit sun lead ice sheets covering places earth scientists found taking place earth orbit
waves form surface ocean waves move water waves coastlines continents kinds ocean currents currents watched waves move large body water lake ocean wondered waves waves caused wind wind blows large body calm water makes small ripples water larger ripples form begin grow larger larger waves size waves depends hard wind blows size waves depends distance wind blows water wind waves ocean waves caused earthquakes volcanic eruptions landslides place underwater waves disturb water deal think earthquake eruption landslide creating kind shock wave water large wave water surface results shock wave called tsunami tsunamis known traveled thousands kilometers rate kilometers miles hour tsunamis high waves reach shore meters feet high guess waves high deal damage
kinds food ocean food ocean today food ocean future word seafood mean think kinds fish shellfish seafood word seafood describe plant animal comes ocean food eat fish kind seafood tuna herring cod halibut sole mackerel important fish food parts fish shark swordfish food countries fish eaten fresh fish fish caught ocean processed frozen canned dried fish sticks fish patties kinds fish caught eaten directly fish fish flour fish flour spoiling added foods provide materials need eat order healthy present fish flour food animal food added soil crops grown fish flour important food future shellfish kind seafood eaten
earth surface earth changed history living things found fossil record measured units smallest unit longest think hundred large amount small amount hundred history earth smaller amount person lifetime history earth terms geologic million small amount geologic known history earth terms tens hundreds millions history earth thousands millions scientists believe earth million thousand million equal billion earth billion things heard terms millions terms billions scientists divide geologic parts called eras table figure era began precambrian era lasted billion percent geologic oceans continents large landmasses formed
depended plants food food plants wild plants later learned grow kinds plants food growing plants food leads soil ago amount land grow plants food fewer living earth chopped burned wild plants clear land planted crops cleared land parts crops fed animals burned plant remains added soil soil longer produce food feed living move land today living earth soil farming grow crops farmers longer move soil poor grow large amounts crops reason farmers learn kinds matter plants need grow matter added soil fertilizer helps soil growing crops matter plants need grow farming lead soil soil farming covered growing plants roots plants hold soil place lost erosion
land pollution things recycled nature help recycling materials seen junkyard seen garbage dump seen street littered paper seen things seen land pollution land pollution caused things throw throw things paper wood glass plastic metal throw food wastes land pollution kinds pollution bigger problem today ago think reasons reason today greater number greater number things thrown reason kinds things throw thrown things kinds things throw today today throw glass bottles jars throw bottles bags containers plastic glass plastic substances break easily nature tend stay suppose park drop plastic bag ground picked bag stay imagine mess result lot littered park plastic bags
living thing earth earth able greater kind living thing able decide kinds earth kinds earth agrees united states government set millions acres forestlands provide lumber wood products country areas known national forests today half trees lumber found national forests agree forestlands want cut trees forests provide lumber build homes guess cutting trees change forestlands greatly agree trees cut point forestlands provide natural beauty areas recreation homes kinds wildlife believe cutting forests kind change earth earth today result increase population live greater population means space live fuels minerals land grow food needed
effective paragraph unified saying sentence contributes common goal lesson illustrates unity achieved types paragraphs descriptive narrative expository paragraph virginia woolf lighthouse describes deserted dwelling conveys single vivid impression house left house deserted left shell sandhill fill dry salt grains left night set trifling airs nibbling clammy breaths fumbling triumphed saucepan rusted mat decayed toads nosed idly aimlessly swaying shawl swung fro thistle thrust tiles larder swallows nested drawing room floor strewn straw plaster fell shovelfuls rafters laid bare rats carried gnaw tortoise shell butterflies burst chrysalis pattered windowpane poppies sowed dahlias lawn waved grass giant artichokes towered roses fringed carnation flowered cabbages gentle tapping weed window winters nights drumming sturdy trees briars room green summer desolation abandoned dwelling unifying idea paragraph description
unified paragraph develops single clear idea idea conveyed writer repeat sentence paragraph writer merely hint idea hoping reader guess look typical expository paragraph provide answer rainfall transcendental importance mexico follow map order understand beginning extreme northwest find tongue lower california spanning belt greatest aridity northern end pacific coast comes small share rains brought cyclonic storms miles scorched uninhabited desert southern tip intrudes fringe tropical rain belt crossing east side gulf california sonora desert miles south border fearfully arid wastes surface globe temperature rises heights desert impassable save cool months winter south aspect coastal plain gradually greener habitable finally going opposite extreme dense tropical jungle north cape paragraph includes factual details cyclonic storms bring rain northern end lower california rest lower california uninhabited sonora desert miles fearfully arid wastes surface globe area mexico north cape dense tropical jungle
settlement continent eastern coast ranges crossed proceeded unparalleled speed naming rivers lakes peaks valleys towns districts strained inventiveness pioneers result vast duplication names shows postal guide eighteen imitative bostons bostons nineteen twenty twenty londons londons argonauts starting older settlement coast find philadelphias illinois mississippi missouri tennessee richmonds iowa kansas western states fifteen hit hit simultaneously scores scattered bands settlers find land washingtons jeffersons jacksons names suggested common obvious natural objects bear creek bald knob buffalo geographic board fourth report belated protest excessive duplication names elk beaver cottonwood bald altogether numerous post offices fully hundred embodying elk counting rivers lakes creeks mountains valleys map united states shows names examples model place names substance paragraph examples statement topic essential
selection describes boy trip bazaar fair outskirts dublin evening late nineteenth century held tightly hand strode buckingham street station sight streets thronged buyers glaring gas recalled purpose journey took seat class carriage deserted train intolerable delay train moved station slowly crept onward ruinous houses twinkling river row station crowd pressed carriage doors porters moved saying special train bazaar remained bare carriage minutes train drew improvised wooden platform passed road saw lighted dial clock ten minutes ten front large building displayed magical find sixpenny entrance fearing bazaar closed passed quickly turnstile handing shilling weary looking found big hall girdled half height gallery nearly stalls closed greater part hall darkness recognized silence pervades church service walked center bazaar timidly
efforts select details appeal senses organize details effective wasted choose individual words phrases description care exact verbs precise adjectives adverbs specific nouns give writing vividness reading description notice author especially effective word choices ripeness filled kitchen supper room wild light tremble believe eyes sink sandy pile radishes tomatoes cucumbers scallions broke stark greens reds harshness daily monotony window shade sewing machine drawn tab baking sun screen chant score called handball game front door open let air hear boys roof scuffing shoes gravel father home smell paint hall sat chopped cucumbers floating ice cold radishes tomatoes lettuce sour cream mound corn pot steaming table butter slowly melting cracked blue soup plate breathing hard heat sat daylight evening whitewashed walls turned yellow golden combs butter dribbling chins piece corn lovingly prepare butter salt oozing walls
english sentences classified according form simple compound complex classified according style sentences english loose style illustrated wolfe selection reached dingy grimy rickety depot section walk rapidly tracks station yard flares engines hear crash bump shifting freight cars swift sporadic thunders shifting engine tolling bells sounds trains rails loose sentence subject predicate beginning subordinate parts follow sentence grammatically complete conclusion case model sentence grammatically logically sentence end yard engines end kind sentence frequently periodic sentence periodic sentence writer withholds full meaning end grammatically logically sentence end earlier familiar sounds filled exultant prophecies flight voyage morning shining cities sharp thrilling odors trains smell cinders acrid smoke musty rusty freight cars clean crated produce smells fresh stored food oranges coffee tangerines bacon ham flour beef added unforgettable magic familiarity strange sounds smells coming circus
narratives events vital included help events clear vivid narrative details serve purpose dialogue add vividness narrative descriptive details examples noticed model narrative description country road carrying south carrying snow filled landscape sullen gray december sky minute minute chain indiana dunes receded ahead bobbing ears horses catch glimpses blue white faraway ridges valparaiso moraine low bobsled tilted pitched frozen ruts bearded grandfather clung black strips taut reins braced felt booted feet widespread lurch short legs dangling seat gyrated wildly tail balance cat left lone oak grandfather dune country farm winter morning drive distant woods late weeks autumn grandfather busy felling trees cutting firewood going load wood taking drove familiar country past big red barn weed lot school house swung south crossed pere marquette railroad journeyed unexplored
compound sentence independent clauses subordinate clauses simple sentences compound sentence short constructed poorly constructed examine examples ives selection scenery girls costumes turned amateur theatricals children waited walk home parents air mystery town spring roads muddy difficult town horseback carriage practical ways travel roads impassable automobiles passed walked saying ten minutes later shedding disguise restaurant intensity excitement greater walking stopped examples compound sentences refer answering questions minimum number independent clauses compound sentence compound sentence minimum number independent clauses prepositional phrases bearing sentence simple compound complex infinitive phrases bearing sentence simple compound complex participial phrases bearing sentence simple compound complex independent clauses compound sentence joined coordinating conjunction
exposition prose information develops idea explanation history textbook manual articles daily newspaper entries encyclopedia travel guide governmental report examples exposition single organizational pattern serves kind expository prose effective pattern obvious description narration nature subject purpose writing audience writing intended bearing type organization decide explaining bake cake instance organize composition series logical steps comparison american football english rugby begin telling games similar follow discussion differ structure automobile engine effectively devote separate paragraphs major parts case need organizational plan subject purpose audience reading explanation effective expository composition characteristics effective expository paragraph unity adequate development coherence emphasis illustrated composition notice incidentally effectiveness organizational plan engaged discovering america begin discovering manhattan skyline discover apparently irreconcilable opposites notice sense human aesthetic terms
models section illustrate techniques developmental paragraphs expository composition expository techniques development examples analysis explanation process comparison contrast narration description singly combination suits writer purpose selection makes expository techniques find combination effective feeding safeguarding progeny insects spiders exhibit interesting analogies reasoning crass examples blind instinct case propose describe tarantula spiders archenemy digger wasps genus pepsis classic looks intelligence pitted instinct strange situation victim fully able defend submits unwittingly destruction tarantulas live tropics species occur temperate zone common southern varieties large powerful fangs inflict deep wound formidable looking spiders attack hold hand gentle bitten bite dangerous insects small mammals mice worse hornet sting tarantulas customarily live deep cylindrical burrows emerge dusk retire dawn mature males wander dark search females occasionally stray houses
acting easy profession elizabethan stage lightly actor strenuous period training entrusted important part city companies worked raised stage glare afternoon sun softening illusions achieved modern theatre plays strenuous demands skill fencer dancer acrobat london companies trained childhood art actor shakespeare entered profession twenties initial handicap overcome intelligence rigorous discipline known actor chettle says excellent initial advantages strong body voice taught hard school elizabethan theatre advantage famous london companies lord strange began career company tumblers standard production forces hercules half acrobatics training kind extremely actors normal london stage consisted levels battles sieges popular audiences upper levels stage town walls turrets actor violent falls damaging expensive costume
essays opinion writer opinion topic develops paragraphs convincing evidence essays effective adhere principles expository writing unified coherent carefully organized written clear interesting style chief difference expository essay essay opinion purpose purpose expository essay explain purpose essay opinion convince reader validity writer belief essays opinion writer tries change reader mind writer simply wants reader understand reasons holding conviction opinions offer limitless supply topics composition ranging statements personal belief views national international affairs essay opinion expression personal belief defined code living writer develops essay explaining means believes philosopher early philosopher badly wounded war soissons france twenty result flat philosophy crack code living simple consists parts cruel artistic lose sense humor
principal difference writing poems writing short stories lies number readings give poem understanding organize composition rule poem requires readings closer analysis structure individual words story write poem read analyze understand meaning special poetic devices contribute total effect creates ready consider topic composition general statement serves topic concern meaning poem picture feeling conveys poem poetic devices elements rhythm rhyme figurative language imagery diction selecting topic look poem sure support specific details listed include list quotations words phrases lines want specific references composition listed details find helpful outline shows details intend order plan present finally clear concise statement topic words phrase general statement begin composition lesson illustrates form general statement poem develop composition
short story poems serve subjects compositions literature write selections follow steps outlined preceding lessons read analyze selection carefully choose topic specific details develop topic organized coherent essay dinner night mike schofield house london mike wife daughter wife called richard pratt richard pratt famous gourmet president small society known epicures month circulated privately members pamphlet food wines organized dinners sumptuous dishes rare wines served refused smoke fear harming palate discussing wine curious droll habit referring living prudent wine say diffident evasive prudent humored wine benevolent cheerful slightly obscene nonetheless humored dinner mike richard pratt occasion mike wife produce special meal famous gourmet clearly exception moment entered dining room table laid feast tall candles yellow roses quantity shining silver wineglasses person faint scent roasting meat kitchen brought warm oozings saliva mouth
looked holding burning match hand big slow eyes settling face resting moment moving slow contemptuous bent head blew match continued hold unlighted cigarette fingers sorry dear pratt simply smoking table didn look let ah yes wine bordeaux commune st julien district medoc difficult part vineyard st julien vineyards host rightly remarked earlier difference wine wine paused closing eyes trying establish growth half battle let wine obviously growth vineyard wine quality call radiance power lacking growth doubt host flattering bit careful careful
step solving problem identify problem problem stated question green plants need sunlight survive problem stated question asked scientist carefully gathers material related information found books scientific journals magazines books articles botany consulted information green plants need sunlight reading studying material relating problem scientist arrives explanation called hypothesis hypothesis account agree information scientist collected hypothesis scientist chooses appears hypothesis problem green plants need sunlight survive order determine hypothesis correct scientist experiment test effect factor factor called experimental factor experimental factor sunlight scientist sets experiment experimental setup experiment called control factors setups factor tested control scientist recognize effect experimental factor experiment performed similar green plants type soil control plant sunlight
biologists obvious structural characteristics feathers hair classify organisms obvious characteristics general similarities look follow structures basic pattern general relationship parts homologous bone structures wing bat arm human flipper whale homologous biologists consider organisms closely related classify closely newest branches biology biochemistry study chemical makeup living things biologists closely related organisms similar chemical makeups sheep horses yeasts kind chemical structure chemical similar sheep horses sheep yeasts leads scientists conclude sheep horses closely related yeasts reliable ways determine closely organisms related examine structure dna dna chemical passes traits generation greater similarity structure dna organisms closer organisms related classify organisms biologists today major classification groups linnaeus largest groups called kingdoms kingdom divided smaller groups called phyla singular phylum plant kingdom divisions phyla
mitochondria complex oval rod shaped structures largest organelles cell mitochondrion outer membrane membrane membrane folds called cristae semifluid matrix fills space cristae matrix dna ribosomes proteins growth reproduction mitochondria mitochondria referred powerhouses cell main function mitochondria continue oxidation breakdown sugars starts cytoplasm mitochondria supply energy cell cells need deal energy mitochondria cells need energy muscle cells mitochondria bone cells plant animal cells vacuoles vacuole spherical membrane bounded organelle plant cells large vacuole takes cell animal cells small vacuoles small vacuoles called vesicles vacuoles functions store food enzymes materials needed cell temporary dumping sites waste products large vacuoles plant cells filled water unicellular organisms specialized vacuoles called contractile vacuoles contractile vacuoles act water pumps removing excess water cell small round organelles enzymes called lysosomes found cytoplasm animal cells widely observed plant cells
thousands tried breed plants animals desired traits plant animal desired trait crossed trait hoped offspring trait produce entire population trait method called genetic breeding genetic breeding varieties corn wheat rice developed produce food original varieties plant varieties bred resistant diseases need water fertilizers luther burbank american plant breeder developed plants improved types existing plants part nineteenth century known plant burbank potato known plant developed shasta daisy breeding burbank chose plants desired characteristics flavor large fruit resistance disease grew thousands plants ensure desired characteristics burbank cross plants produce population organisms desired trait process choosing organisms desired traits called selection selection improve varieties wheat varieties protein produce seeds stronger stems able survive dry soil similar plants careful selection plants parents plant breeders able develop wheat plants suitable climates
human beings move place place ways speeds walk run jump swim climb carry heavy loads distances organism travel upright position periods move variety ways upright position human beings sharp dimensional color vision upright position expands line vision important information stored human brain picked eyes structural characteristics involving thumbs teeth jaw brain distinctive anatomical structural adaptations human skeleton permit human beings stand erect shape foot adapted walking upright arch foot unique human feature adapted support pressure body large toe human foot opposable primates large toe line toes adapted walking grasping human beings pelvis combination bones legs wide standing upright bone structure support body internal organs upper body mass pelvis permits distribution body mass legs bipedal able walk limbs freed arms hands human beings tasks making tools
viruses carry functions living cell specialized cell parts nucleus cytoplasm viruses grow proteins generate energy replication reproduction virus occurs inside living cell host cell viruses penetrate cell ribosomes enzymes cell produce virus particles ribosomes large amounts rna virus needs replication scientists gathered complete information concerning viral replication extensive research bacteriophages bacteriophages phages scientists refer viruses infect bacterial cells bacteriophages fully studied later felix french scientist gave comes greek word meaning eat originally scientists thought ate bacterium bacteriophages round oval sided heads hollow tails tail fibers tip phages head tail fibers letter stands type phages referred today scientists understanding process occurs cell infected virus process called lytic cycle takes complete lytic cycle occur varies virus host cell order study lytic cycle scientists observed infection bacteria bacteriophages
seventeenth century italian scientist marcello malpighi studied stems plants stem bundle tubes form single cylinder pointed plant tubes connect roots stem leaves today botanists call set conducting tubes vascular bundle structure transports materials roots parts plant stem serves number purposes plays role part shoot includes leaves flowers fruits stem produces cells growth development shoot system stem supports shoot raising leaves air exposing sunlight supports flower stems classified groups according hardness herbaceous stem soft fleshy protected single layer epidermal cells herbaceous plants supported hard tissue water pressure cells stems water diffuses plant cells pressure builds inside cellular contents begin swell push cell walls pressure called turgor pressure condition known plant cells maintains shape soft tissues plants support herbaceous stems plant water herbaceous stems wilt droop hot temporary wilting occurs rate transpiration greater rate absorption
vegetative stage flowering plants capable reproducing asexually vegetative propagation type reproduction organs plant grow plants identical parent plants smaller vegetative propagation occur naturally artificially vegetative propagation takes place naturally plants plants parenchyma tissue vascular bundle produces axillary buds roots buds roots grow stolons runners modified types stems discussed chapter ends stolons runners adventitious roots adventitious buds strawberry plant reproduces asexual reproduction occurs naturally ways instance leaf produce dozen tiny plants capable developing plant roots dandelion sweet potato build reserve food tissues separated plant roots develop individual plants centuries experimented developed methods growing desirable types plants method called artificial propagation plant growers grow plant vegetative organ parent plant commercial flowering fruiting plants roses carnations irises apples pears grown plant growers bring vegetative propagation artificially ways common methods artificial propagation cutting method vegetative part plant removed cut parent plant rooted water moist soil
sponges live shallow water deepest parts oceans kinds sponges live fresh water live salt water live adult sponges sessile attach bases rocks objects move place place sponges shapes colors sizes sponges irregularly shaped look basket vase live singly large colonies colors vary gray green yellow red purple range diameter centimeter meters biologists classify sponges phylum porifera porifera means pore bearing refers pores openings bodies animals simplest multicellular organisms masses interdependent cells called multicellular tissues organs organ systems simple sponge hollow body covered ostia pores allow water enter sponge large opening called osculum excurrent pore water wastes leave sponge body wall sponge cell layers separated layer jellylike material outer cell layer called epidermis flat cells called epithelial cells cells called form ostia control opening closing ostia react touch irritating chemical substances closing ostia
external form salamanders resemble early amphibians descended fish slender body muscular trunk tail helps swim limbs crawl slowly salamanders smooth rough skin scales internal features salamander developed fleshy finned fish land vertebrates lung salamander simple subdivisions similar lung lungfish heart salamander advanced heart fish organized complex animals kidney salamander fishlike salamanders oviparous laying eggs develop female eggs kinds salamanders fertilized body female females lay eggs male deposits sperm salamanders fertilization occurs internally male salamander deposits packet sperm ground performs special dance courtship female picks sperm packet cloaca structure oviducts intestine empty wastes passed special compartment oviduct protects sperm female lays eggs eggs pass compartment sperm fertilizes female lays fertilized eggs water
fossil remains birds rare bones birds fragile scientists found preserved fossils birdlike dinosaurs flying reptile called dawn lizard flaps skin attached ribs flaps flying pterodactyl flying reptile wings skin stretched fingerlike bones feathers earliest birds adapted scales scales developed longer structures divided parts feathers gave early birds advantages feathers lighter types protective body covering hinder flying feathers controlled exchange heat bodies birds air layer air trapped feathers skin helped heat result birds active kinds weather birds warm blooded body temperatures remain constant earliest birds called archaeopteryx lived million ago pigeon sized bird reptiles teeth tail later birds feathers feet adapted perching size skull build beak midway reptiles birds archaeopteryx lacked large breastbone developed chest muscles modern birds result flap wings birds today archaeopteryx claws located front edge wings climb branches giant ferns
fact animals communicate known honeybees perform dance tells members hive nectar found true language learned inherited dance honeybee highly complex abstract spoken behavioral symbols express thoughts feelings physical communication language thought human trait makes human beings unique organisms recently scientists study behavior suspect species able communicate means language cases scientists experimented language communication species human beings marine mammals dolphins whales intelligent highly vocal social considered likely candidates language study john lilly psychologist studied sounds produced dolphins sound high pitched clicking dolphins find deep water night sounds part language lilly tried understand code language claimed success researchers feel claims supported roger payne zoologist recorded studied elaborate songs humpback whale payne recordings underwater microphone lowered side boat songs forms communication noted complex repeated cycles
development ecosystem ecosystem goes series known ecological succession ecosystem succession happen structure community caused community succession organisms tend change environment conditions favorable favorable organisms organisms turn eventually conditions unfavorable survival favorable survival organisms abiotic factors role ecological succession temperature amount rainfall light geological features abiotic factors change gradually biotic populations destroyed move area organisms find conditions favorable move abiotic speed slow succession succession occurs ecosystems lake ecosystem permanent undergoes succession length required lake undergo ecological succession varies size lake abiotic conditions lake affect lake begin cold clear body water surrounded forest lake nutrients waste materials decaying organic matter plants water lilies cattails grow edge lake root systems hold soil place species algae main producers lake
grasslands biome largest north america biomes grasslands stretch west mississippi river rocky mountains south central canada gulf mexico biome occurs parts africa asia south america areas grasslands known steppes pampas climate grasslands similar deciduous forests grasslands receive rainfall deciduous forests centimeters grasslands experience droughts periods rain conditions permit trees develop grasslands common types vegetation varieties grasses grasslands parts kinds animals antelope dominate african kangaroos dominate australian grasslands pronghorns elks gophers prairie dogs jackrabbits common north american grasslands foxes coyotes wolves common insects north american grasslands locusts grasshoppers grasslands support quail hawks falcons meadowlarks seed insect eating birds despite large numbers kinds animals grasslands natural balance amount rainfall determines amount grass grows amount grass determines turn size population herbivores population controlled factor soon destroy grass grassland desert kind animal niche grasslands biome
ocean largest biome earth covers earth surface average depth kilometers representatives nearly phylum plant animal protist live large numbers vast aquatic environment total number oceanic species hundreds thousands species fish facts surprising expanding population dwindling food resources suggesting sea major source food experts estimate annual catch nearly billion metric tons food harvesting technology developed fish mollusks crustaceans major part catch plankton major bulk ocean biomass valuable food source algae drifting larvae animals plants plankton important nutrients plankton shrimplike crustaceans called krill found tremendous numbers ocean food technologists countries experimenting ways abundant plankton food source krill meal krill butter krill cheese spread products marketed countries critics point sea simply provide food despite popular beliefs fraction total oceanic volume productive shallow waters continental coasts examples small extremely productive regions
populations kinds organisms live area populations interact populations eat food produced populations homes protection populations compete food homes interacting populations area community interactions populations called biotic relationships word biotic means caused living things comes greek word bios means communities large small drop pond water holds community organisms community held biotic relationships members biotic relationships community changing examples midsummer plants spring result leaf eating insect population largest late summer fish population stream community smaller fishing season number water insects eaten fish larger helpful harmful change community help populations change harm populations community plant eating insects garden killed plants helped toads eat insects garden harmed food supply destroyed toads destroyed praying mantis competes toad food helped snakes eat toads harmed population community populations change
vertebrates bones fastened backbone bones adaptations help vertebrate live niche muscles fastened bones big bones big muscles fastened muscles move parts body big bones animal part body movement bones muscles adaptations help animal food build home protect studying skeleton animal clues niche figure shows rabbit skeleton rabbit eat look teeth cutting teeth front grinding teeth mouth rabbit canine teeth likely eats plants meat large front teeth suppose infer rabbit cut tough plants rabbit move look bones front legs feet bones front legs thin likely muscle front leg thin infer rabbit front leg fairly weak bones rabbit hind legs feet large hind legs likely big muscles strong rabbit moves hind legs front legs rabbit flat footed infer hops runs infer niche mole mole skeleton figure
kinds plants grow places receive sunlight rain places kinds grasses flowering plants cover ground fruit nut trees grow quickly evergreens grow giants ferns mosses climbing vines grow forest shade look figure growing conditions amount plant material variety plants large variety plants comes variety niches animal niche centers food plants seeds eaten mice birds plants nuts favorite food squirrels plants fruits eaten birds monkeys rabbits feed kinds plants beavers feed gophers eat grass roots deer eat grass tops kind plant community small number niches kinds animals found community kinds plants community expect find kinds animals living organisms die food organisms animal killed highway food large birds called vultures flies lay eggs dead body eggs hatch larvae larvae feed animals feed dead animals called scavengers size scavenger population depends number dead organisms
amount rainfall place determines kinds plants grow forests grow rainfall grasslands grow rainfall deserts rainfall climax plants wet places adaptations demand lot water climax plants dry places adaptations save water prevent water loss places dry seasons wet seasons climax plants places adaptations help live kinds seasons plants wide flat leaves called broadleaf plants plants need water kinds plants water lost surface leaf broadleaf plants grow places lot rain general larger plant water needs broadleaf forests grow lot rain need water met biomes rain forest deciduous forest rain forest broad leaves stay trees round trees deciduous forest lose leaves winter helps live water frozen ground trees coniferous forest adaptations save water leaves size needles needle covered coat wax wax cuts water loss leaves fallen needles decay slowly
animals food web determined green plants produce food climax plant plays major role determining animal biome grassland biome niches animals feed grasses deer wild horses bison graze grasses jack rabbits ground squirrels prairie dogs eat stems underground shoots plant eating insects grasslands meat eating animals feed animals eat grasses wild dogs mountain lions feed grazers badgers snakes hawks feed burrowing plant eaters birds feed insects climax plant influences animal niche ways plants grassland give protection animals live animals helped special adaptations grazers grassland fast runners animals shades brown tan color blends color short grasses small animals live ground grassland animals live groups members group stand lookout eat group living possibly adaptation survival open grassland adaptations protect animals animals deciduous forest homes animals deciduous forest differ grassland homes animals rain forest protect differently animals grassland animals plants affected abiotic factors
water communities earth live kinds ecosystems kind freshwater ecosystem saltwater ecosystem dissolved salt major factor determines water organisms live water organisms special adaptations let live fresh water live salt water salmon able live water organisms able regulate water bodies freshwater organisms stop water entering systems saltwater organisms opposite problem replacing water leaves systems water inside cells organisms cells tiny units bodies living things later course find cells need cells surrounded sort skin membrane cell membrane acts filter things pass water cell membranes water animals plants separate water worlds water inside cell water cell organism lives water water passing cell determines direction water moves makes pass cells water cells salt dissolved saltier water streams rivers ponds lakes
charles darwin english naturalist theory explain organisms based theory observations populations organisms young grow pair crayfish produce hundred eggs yearly young grow organisms large numbers young populations stay size young parents ways puppies look small dogs kittens look small cats litter variations puppies open eyes grow faster floppy ears bigger feet sense smell variations happen chance inherited dogs floppy ears ancestors floppy ears young likely floppy ears young dogs variations tend helpful fox cub sense smell able find food result grow strong healthy variations tend harmful fox cub floppy ears hear killed enemy hard finding food night young inherit helpful variation likely grow helpful variation passed young observations darwin concluded organisms population alike
organism identified traits cats traits traits let tell cat dog addition cat set traits cat traits let tell cat traits kind include eye color hair fur color skin color shape ear traits kind involve organism body works colors colors gray color blind color blindness trait traits determine digestive juices bodies produce factors help bodies fight disease controlled traits born looked look continue change happen control born code contained directions look contained directions change body inherited code parents code organism traits found inside cells organisms built cells organism human kinds cells cells organisms small sac called nucleus code cell nucleus details structure nucleus seen high powered microscopes
cells divide mitosis cells exact copies original cell cells offspring produced exact copies organism celled organism reproduces fission answer yes celled organisms produce offspring exact copies instance hydra grows hydra side body cut earthworm ends grow earthworms organisms familiar parents true seed plants mammals fish insects parents young look exactly parent child eyes father hair color mother plant blossom color parent leaves shaped parent goldfish parent color parent traits mother traits father mixture traits organisms parents inherit genes parent normal body cells bone cells skin cells nerve cells number chromosomes human number organisms number suppose body cells started organism offspring chromosomes cells parents
cells chlorophyll food cells plant need food sugar produced leaves transported root cells distance food thing transported water minerals transported cells plant food water plant transported vascular tissue cells vascular tissue thin cells join lengthwise form tubes tubes vascular tissue run tip root vascular tissue main stem branches smaller stem leaf bud flower leaf vascular tissue divides tiny veins types tubes vascular tissue annual rings tree trunk bands xylem tubes oldest rings found nearest center tree xylem cells wood tree grow outer edge wood phloem tubes found xylem bark tree phloem cells crushed tree grows grow likely harder walls xylem cells phloem cells scientists conducted experiments find substances transported type tube experiment cut trunk tree
water minerals nutrients carbon nutrients called inorganic nutrients organism depends water water solvent amino acids simple sugars dissolved organisms water moves organic nutrients place chemicals control body functions carried water water carries waste materials cells warm blooded animals water helps regulate body temperature green plants need water photosynthesis organisms live longer food water organisms need minerals organisms minerals organisms cells minerals need needed minerals soil green plants need minerals magnesium needed chlorophyll nitrates phosphates potassium calcium needed growth control body functions small amounts minerals copper iron boron needed healthy plant growth animals need variety minerals iron hemoglobin salt needed cells body function properly calcium phosphorus needed strong bones teeth health cells kinds nutrients need cells protein carbohydrate fat fiber vitamins minerals eat drink called diet diet contained nutrients protein
chemicals body fight disease correct upset chemicals nutrients chemicals called drugs major breakthrough drugs cure disease sir alexander fleming british scientist working molds bacteria trying find cure pneumonia sir alexander grown pneumonia causing organisms sterile dishes morning noticed dishes mold growing noticed pneumonia causing organisms grew areas molds growing sir alexander fleming wondered mold produced killed pneumonia organisms carried tests check theory theory proved correct molds produce chemicals kill microorganisms mold killed pneumonia organisms drug mold called penicillin penicillin group drugs called antibiotics word antibiotic meaning biotic meaning living antibiotics kill disease causing organisms fact antibiotics proved effective call miracle drugs penicillin easily kill pneumonia causing organisms doctors began find pneumonia causing organisms killed penicillin populations penicillin resistant bacteria developed result scientists look antibiotics discovery penicillin antibiotics discovered
rachel carson author scientist point dangers insecticides public collected hundreds reports dealing insecticides collected facts carefully published book silent spring book headlines national newspapers public shocked dangers exposed public demand insecticides banned market places insecticides banned scientists able produce harmful environment insecticides poisonous break quickly stored bodies animals insecticides kill helpful insects ladybird beetles crop eating insects insecticides bring balanced ecosystem need food insecticides likely control insects found scientists making progress direction ways plant eating insect populations controlled insects eat plants natural enemies natural enemy eats ways destroys insect pest natural enemy insect pest insect problem facing scientists find natural enemy harmful insect hunted natural enemy task matching harmful insect natural enemy big research stop natural enemy found
increasing human population makes demands ecosystem need want products industries growing population wants homes schools hospitals automobiles airplanes needed carry place place meet demands factories built process changing raw materials finished goods factories add things ecosystem wastes smoke chemicals pass chimneys air chemicals dumped rivers lakes heat industrial processes passes air water waste materials industry limit water living things materials pollutants waste materials industry limit air living things materials pollutants greater demand products causing air water polluted industrial wastes air pollution generation smoke cooking fires caused problems ancient roman cities clouds smoke coal burning stoves hung city london england early smoke factories problem north american cities today problem air pollution longer limited cities effects air pollution seen plants animals miles city air limited natural resource amounts poisonous gases particles pumped air amount air living things decreasing
cloth kinds damaged pollutants auto exhaust pollutants fade dyes fibers break leather products rubber paint damaged auto exhaust pollutants estimated auto exhaust pollution billion dollars worth damage property oceans lakes rivers dump sites things don want land things limit amount water living things populations water organisms living dump sites die balance ecosystem upset sewage oldest form water pollution centuries dumped untreated wastes waterways towns grew cities problem hundred london england died cholera deaths traced water polluted sewage mid similar cholera epidemics hit york city case disease caused polluted water cholera disease spread sewage polluted water dysentery diphtheria polio hepatitis typhoid fever spread shellfish living polluted water carry diseases recent major clam oyster beds closed harvesting affected jobs shellfish growers amount shellfish food sewage carries disease causing bacteria upsets balance water ecosystem bacteria reproduce rapidly water polluted sewage
george head music department director band lincoln high school fat saw evil heard evil spoke evil roar boom blast marching band real imagined filled soul room lincoln high school ten square band led consequence fine band earth heard muted wistful passages real imagined wonder wasn indecent happy terrible times brasses percussion section snatch melody carry thundering charge happiness source rich full hope gave impression lost dreams side tough rhinoceros side raised money band hammered home school board parent teacher association chamber commerce rotary lions goodness richness hope band inspired cost money fund raising harangues sadly recall audience black days lincoln high football team days lincoln stands silent hurt ashamed half murmur hang head suddenly twitch whistle pocket blow shrill blast
hard understand believed sixteen elephants hold elephants largest animals seen fact hard imagine bigger animal enormous creatures lived earth millions born dinosaurs times bigger elephants ruled brontosaurus weighed pounds ten asiatic elephants put blue whales swimming ocean weigh tons twenty times bigger biggest elephant today blue whale largest living animal elephant largest living animal able walk earth bad child book beasts wrote absolutely fantastic thing elephant foot pound nose nose trunk magnificent skin muscle wriggles squirms monstrous snake nose answer africa native hunters say elephant lord trunk hand understand perfectly tip trunk sensitive tips fingers elephant sense touch carefully feeling object trunk animal tell hot cold rough smooth elephant wants pick trunk
watched animals field species pony sheep hang comradeship animals fascinated think jack sanders dogs perfect mutual devotion called injected local anaesthetic alongside barbed wire tear skin powerful white bull terrier whimpered decided resign fate looked stolidly front depressed plunger inseparable friend skipper gnawed gently hind leg odd dogs table knew relationship comment master hoisted infiltrated area wound began stitch relaxed noticeably found feel maybe teach avoid barbed wire fences future jing jack sanders laughed doubt thought coast clear took lane morning spotted dog side fence bullet fortunately greyhound couldn catch re regular terror jing patted patient big roman nosed face turned ear ear grin end tail whipped delightedly
sociology class junior requested draw days later class met informed drawings part research graduate student thesis studying method measure mental age individual manner person draws figure drawing mental age asked draw freight car story known friends large studied greatest pop artists works crisscrossed country millions view achievements magnificent blocks traffic stopped awe gaze genius painting worth twenty thousand dollars individual art found freight yard country charley freight car painter physically large half feet tall black average build rectangular face slightly pushed accentuated unusually square jaw worked engulfed gray coveralls began turned collar neck ended inches shoe tops hands idle rode gently buried deep kangaroo pockets hung sides coveralls
evening watch routine beginning took duty airways station low stratus clouds warm front mississippi valley spreading central states clouds trouble airways ceiling visibility lowered steadily thick smoke haze trapped beneath clouds air traffic battle started earlier intensified steadily weather worsened nightfall airways controlled chaos surely thought going night uncertain professionals tonight couldn wrong night stillness gray opaque canopy clouds darkness closed amid hiss hum radios clatter teletypes raucous voice pilots radioed endless reports requests help service paused think thought strangers overhead clouds wondered felt hush night began wondered throb engines harsh rasp voices ears feel stillness strangers voices strangers strangers increasing passing minute air alive chatter stacked miles high chicago milwaukee south bend million miler veterans checking weather charts planning sipping coffee orbited
large island whitney mystery island rainsford asked charts call ship trap island whitney replied suggestive sailors curious dread place don superstition remarked rainsford trying peer dank tropical night palpable pressed thick warm blackness yacht eyes whitney laugh seen pick moose moving brown fall bush hundred yards miles moonless caribbean night yards admitted rainsford ugh moist black velvet light rio promised whitney days hope jaguar guns hunting amazon sport hunting sport agreed rainsford hunter amended whitney jaguar don talk rot whitney rainsford re big game hunter philosopher cares jaguar feels jaguar observed whitney bah understanding think understand thing fear fear pain fear death nonsense laughed rainsford hot weather making soft whitney realist classes hunters luckily hunters
cool damp friday evening rain going windows house deserted sheldon parents symphony older brother movies girl basement bedroom sheldon took slide rule math book book angular unfriendly slide rule cold wooden feel frowned moment sound sigh bedroom door creaked open turn sat chair desk feeling series small face chin grew firmer acne melted skin pushed chair stood turned door dark haired woman pale tremulous ran face wet raindrops clung shoulders smile strong tender sheldon pulled inside shut door took coat shivering cold wet frightened look defiant courage dark eyes turned window shadowed rhododendron bushes moved wind heard footsteps saw looming shapes answered muffled voice lips close damp hair cheek flicked lights face enemies sheldon shel don mother voice upstairs
judy lay bed turret room trying read light flickered storm whipped ocean attacked nearby utility lines mansion built beach summer home wealthy victorian intended jutting mass brown shingles protect england winter drafts hissed hidden crevices judy painfully aware feet protruding thick casts frozen fruit listening wind gnawing roof tried put slipper socks couldn reach feet rosemary aloud hour ago mystery book british detectives pot tea judy cup steaming brown gold tea sounded wonderful flung quilts swung solid legs edge bed bracing bare feet icy floor grabbed doorjamb pull upright panting feet shocked cold tottered upper hall judy knitting skiing accident algebra missed taught knit library book skipping paragraph gauge looked boring sophisticated gray navy sweater fit fine someday months pregnant swirled narrow hips monstrous woolly caterpillar
want tell timothy mountains especially winter york times says lost dead winter saw frozen country beneath wings jet airliner morning took minutes fly leave took timmy nearly months cover distance call interrupted journey tim real mother died later father married pauline hood widow son timothy younger father met speculator trip buy winter supplies live indian lake boy house devote dolls needlework piano lessons didn course quick learn things remember word hear casual remark burned memory mysterious gift carry untold glories outstanding trait pure bone laziness run walk walk stand stand sit sit lie harm
heard secret drawers desks course bought desk wasn thinking secret drawers didn premonition feel mystery spotted window secondhand store apartment look proprietor told big mid victorian houses brooklyn tearing brock place blocks bought desk furniture dishes glassware light fixtures didn stir imagination wondered cared ago bought lugged home cheap small legless wall desk fastened living room wall heavy screws directly studding twenty tall thin live brooklyn save money manhattan re twenty bachelor figure married longer reasonably ambitious bring home office maybe couple weeks write letter folks florida needing desk table phone booth kitchenette trying wobbly end table couldn knees
keevan lengthened walking stride legs stretch couldn candidates knew teased knew things foster mother told keevan knew beterli senior boys set spanking pace embarrass smallest dragonboy keevan arrive tail fork end group breathless chest heaving maybe stern look instructing hopeful candidates glowing eggs hardening hot sands hatching ground cavern expected punctual prepared sloth tolerated record especially important hatching baby dragons crack mottled shells stagger choose lifetime companions thought glorious moment keevan breath catch throat chosen dragonrider sit astride neck winged beast jeweled eyes friend telepathic communion companion times fighting extremes fly effortlessly lands pern thrillingly point flying dangerous keevan glanced upward past black mouths caves grown dragons chosen riders lived star stones crowned ridge volcano
believe remarkable events fresh mind wish put paper clearly let say outset james clarence withencroft forty perfect health known illness profession artist successful earn money black white satisfy wants relative sister died ago independent breakfasted morning glancing morning paper lighted pipe proceeded let mind wander hope chance subject pencil room door windows open oppressively hot mind coolest comfortable place neighborhood deep end public swimming bath idea began draw intent left lunch untouched stopping clock st jude struck final result hurried sketch felt sure thing showed criminal dock immediately judge pronounced sentence fat enormously fat flesh hung rolls chin creased huge stumpy neck
met jennifer school halloween sitting tree going school lunch lunch hour usual halloween told dress costume school halloween parade dressed pilgrim walked road school walked moved apartment house town september school started walked didn walk walked passed woods liked jennifer sitting trees woods head watching leaves saw jennifer tree dressed pilgrim saw feet sitting lower branches tree swinging feet happened feet feet seen swinging front eyes sitting row wore real pilgrim shoes buckles cracked leather heel part flapped shoes big toe part stay attached shoes looked going fall minute grabbed heel shoe shoved heel bony foot
jennifer walking head eyes shrugged shoulders poetic license poke rhyme shrugged shoulders started walking jennifer disappeared tree master spirit reappeared minute pulling wagon usual kind child wagon sides taller stretched piece chicken wire rim jennifer pulled wagon carried bag clutched shawl clop house walked trick treating number began bitsy kid mother rang door bells mothers ringing bitsy kids night nurse mouse worn sleepers feet things pilgrim mentioned pilgrim mean say trick treating seen lots trick treaters house seen performance jennifer jennifer operated left wagon door house sight victim rang bell smiling saying trick treat door half fell door post drink water
mrs tak poor small house village mountains tiny patch green land mountain side grew vegetables live season need eat soon grown tak took vegetables spare basket village sold bought oil lamp fresh seeds bought piece cotton stuff coats trousers wife imagine chance eat meat happened tak digging precious patch unearthed big brass pot thought strange disappointed find empty thought find pot ready house evening decided big heavy struggles arms round raise position carrying purse took belt fell ground
trapped roast beef sandwiches picnic basket chester country cricket arrives times square subway station york city wriggling free chester found mario lonely boy helps parents run tiny newsstand soon chester home matchbox newsstand counter friends talkative mouse named tucker tucker thoughtful friend harry cat chester tucker harry live happily newsstand night carelessness fire puts newsstand business convinced cricket brought family bad luck mama says chester chester begins chirp mournful lovely tune learned radio tears mama eyes favorite song learn chester unique musical talent begins remarkable week chester cricket morning sunday august open newsstand believe happened yesterday anxious chester continue sing familiar songs mario gave cricket usual breakfast mulberry leaves water chester took eating nervous sort enjoyed making wait breakfast stretch wings sunday chester thought nice start hymn chose open concert rock ages
rushed complained martha found minutes camelot think katharine tournament look jane mark martha looked camelot field tournament looked exactly expect look descriptions boy king arthur wonderful books white trumpets blowing clarion calls fluttered blue air armor flashed bright light gallant knights trusty squires faithful pages ladies fair crowding stands hundreds watch chivalrous sport children front row grandstand seats katharine part wish looked taking sights king arthur sat enthroned high platform end field children clearly kind simple understanding face warm sun shine merry england queen guinevere seated merlin magician thin wise gray bearded left trumpets blew extra fanfare tournament began sir ride field children recognized armor told katharine bit bitterly sir going tournament katharine admire
katharine hot hand clutched charm opened spite charm lay plain sight palm merlin looked eyes widened swept tall hat head bowed low charm times turned children powerful magic older powerful fact powerful dangerous children matter intend keeping afraid ask surrender pass wand charm leaped gracefully katharine hand mark spoke part history maybe meant find maybe thing re supposed pattern history try change pattern follow merlin looked wise child average mark modestly dear merlin children future dwell broke century say didn mark twentieth twentieth century mused merlin happy age truly golden age told
took flying leap frozen drainage ditch separated road field heard philip calling hey beth standing blacktop bus left going field step ice puddle days stop start explaining things philip hall thinking wouldn fretting feet didn frosty feet told spanking puppy waiting meet grant wouldn swap collie dog pa turkeys asked philip grinning hoped left house morning pa picking fattest turkeys swapping turned began running field collie dog worth turkeys called philip running pretending hear anyway loves eat turkey don reached rise field house nice pale green closer mama porch hanging worn overalls porch clothesline tiptoed threw arms ohhh jumped mean scaring clear wits girl
morning asked miss johnson bring book stopped reading didn secrets tell walked didn single word single solitary soul later afternoon told guess fault reckon learning brave things don want miss johnson taking glasses think re learning school bus stopped front sign jumped running leap crossed ditch shortcutting field called philip hall dog waiting today guess wondering forgotten reason hurry home reached rise outline mother didn look exactly passed vegetable garden wasn grandmother started running fast run grandma grandma hello howdy beth babe called ran arms closed re walnut ridge grandma smiled born morning minutes asked pointing inside house
think started laugh roared miguel bag heard johnny thought friend johnny laughing harder rest miguel hit hear tired big jumps sack goes sleep screamed yelled laughed funny jokes looked face father round blue hole head yelled father looked heaven miguel think re breathing need tell start playing games hide seek boy stopped breathing put hand hung big fingers big thumb front nose miguel let thumb fingers snapped loud noise times miguel give hand breathing didn hand fingers snapped loud angry didn want
children names peter susan edmund lucy story happened london war air raids house professor lived heart country ten miles nearest railway station miles nearest post office wife lived large house housekeeper called mrs macready servants names ivy margaret betty story shaggy white hair grew face head liked evening meet front door odd looking lucy youngest litle afraid edmund youngest wanted laugh pretending blowing nose hide soon night professor upstairs night boys girls room talked fallen feet mistake peter going perfectly splendid chap let think dear susan
village instep lies foot huge cliff known rise seen stormy nights hear unearthly moans coming creature called lives top rise afar instep fair eat dance entertained hear young egan comes instep fair finds including uncle anson aunt gertrude talking fearful monster cousin ada says eaten foolish uncle days ago leaving dog annabelle verses aunt gertrude claims saw horrible face window night finally dare ada egan decides find takes annabelle begins climb rise aunt gertrude stood rigid post hand heart staring daughter egan papa egan sobbed ada teased papa wouldn stop ada egan cried uncle anson gripping shoulders firmly papa gulped turning face alarm father eyes fault dared climbing papa climbing rise merciful heavens gasped uncle anson aunt gertrude sagged dropped faint floor
egan deep mist heard wandered final stony slope top sleepwalker lost dreams heavy air tinted dim moist growing warmer faint unpleasant smell recognize crept nostrils stopped chilled suddenly trance ahead noise animal thrashing low rumble voice crept forward grasping nearly forgotten stick tightly heart pounded slay thrashing weeds ahead voice murmur closer closer crept egan saw dimly flailing arms rolling ground cautious steps anna anna dear dog crooned voice sitting ground wild haired laughing uncle engulfed struggling happily wriggling wagging ecstasy annabelle egan stood mouth hanging open stick dropped hand sound dog paused greeting looked annabelle trotted beamed turned hallo boy warily egan gulped nephew sort uncle anson brother uncle
gold discovered california scramble quick fortunes paddle wheeled sailing ship churns boston harbor bound san francisco cape horn creaking decks hide potato barrels thief stole money travels comfort barrel twelve jack orphan strike rich penniless aunt arabella family mansion praiseworthy aunt arabella loyal butler voyage cleverly catch thief gold seekers arrive san francisco survival requires cleverness pea jacket stocking cap jack felt fourteen maybe fifteen stood bow whale boat watched wharf closer bumped boat stairs jack heart raced excitement moment arrived ready start digging fast master jack praiseworthy don forget pick shovel hilltop telegraph signaled arrival side wheeler san francisco turned wharf alive women children mention dogs mules chickens sea gulls flocked air confetti weighted belongings praiseworthy jack started wharf barrels boxes piled peddlers hotel runners mixed crowd shouted newcomers
town growed miner thousand folks place gents figure goin praiseworthy hangtown boys lot color color stuff gold hangtown tell em re friend quartz jackson tell em comin home bride couple weeks shore nice shear mind beard re find mouth spit jack young jack bit gettin breeze wouldn want lose yes sir jack catching lock hair quartz jackson face began snip snip statue chipped stone praiseworthy finished miner turned look hotel windowpane jumped jackboots horn spoon quartz jackson obviously pleased forgot young quartz jackson fine looking gent jack thought teeth easy smile revolver horn spoon red flannel shirt expect hair cuttings stuff mattress fiancee pleased smiled praiseworthy
magic science qualities scientist curious things explore places natural talents skills scientist select science career live society affected science knowing apply science knowing facts science help appreciate understand modern let look closely skills scientist basic skill observing observing hear smell touch taste eyes extremely important making observations varies person person look lines special patterns patterns find pointed star included lines finding star easier observing experience influences describing skill scientist describing writing telling observations description share observations describing includes skill identifying naming skill builds observing describing identifying skill inferring inferring drawing conclusions based look figure schoolroom observe behavior students
stop think makes alive trouble describing activities living things alive activities easily known scientist living thing mystery mansion curious observer mansion trespassing signs area bounds food fuel brought house smoke curls chimney mealtimes repairs garbage carried observer form fuzzy idea going inside scientist observer mansion scientists able observe activities scientists able guess decide living nonliving separate living things nonliving things need look differences living things differ nonliving things functions functions moving taking oxygen taking food getting rid wastes responding surroundings reproducing functions separate living nonliving things easy nonliving thing carry functions fires grow move eat alive car gasoline move wastes exhaust pipe roll hill wind blow
suppose teacher asked put living things earth groups begin think living things groups based alike likenesses groupings color frogs trees green think belong group size bluejay size squirrel put group decide group living things based live sharks starfish live sea put group realize grouping depends color size thing lives early scientists divided living things groups plants animals scientists discovered celled living thing facing page decide group group put living thing scientists group classify living things according body parts parts put living things classified structure alive classified plant animal living thing moved freely ate living things animal stayed place food plant help microscope scientists look closely living things scientists living things seen
walked pine forest hot summer cool forest tall trees provide shade air fresh smell pines floor forest needles pinecones form carpet plants grow beneath pines plants grow edge forest pine forest habitats plants plants cover land areas hot dry deserts wet marshes cold mountain areas fact regions named types plants grow plants able live environments special features land plants think moment plants seen kinds wonder find common characteristics botanists scientists study plants botanists look plant structures find plants common plants classified according similar structures structures plants need live water structures plants need live land plants live water simple structure cells contact water reason system needed moving water part plant plants float water structures needed hold
think kinds plants seen read redwood trees daisies oak trees marigolds pine trees roses cacti plants seed plants seed plants structures common leaves stems roots flowers cones plant parts look goes inside structures chapter enter seed plants read goes plant structures kinds seed plants parts function similar ways plant parts food plant parts support anchor plant help reproduction look inside seed plant look green plant thing notice flowers bloom thing notice plant leaves leaves important structures green plants leaves chemical factories powered sun leaf factory makes food plant oxygen process leaves sizes shapes broad oak maple leaves leaves pine trees narrow needlelike thin flat part leaf called blade blade network tubes veins transport water minerals food
describe today weather yesterday weather weather tomorrow weather today weather kind weather area areas hot dry summers cool wet winters areas hot rainy temperature moisture conditions area period called climate climate helps determine kinds plants animals live area group ecosystems similar kinds climates similar plant animal communities called biome biomes named common dominant plant major land biomes learn biome plane trip united states stop northern alaska plane discover biome cold dry windy climate northern biome tundra winters tundra cold temperatures low look notice trees mosses lichens grasses small flowers small shrubs plants survive cold climate poor soil tundra plants grow close ground temperatures warmest plants able grow tundra months
call insect photograph darning needle horse stinger darn sting horses insect dragonfly helpful beautiful insects seen dragonfly darting water thin pointed body wings large beady eyes cover head dragonfly legs walk holds legs basket flies choice insect mosquito flies dragonfly captures mosquito leg basket need stop meal dragonfly eats flight flies fast km hour speed dragonfly escape birds animals short dragonfly lives weeks months dragonfly member largest phylum animals members phylum fly share characteristics animals study bite sting special food treats arthropods invertebrates jointed legs arthropods belong invertebrate phylum greatest number animals fact arthropods animals animal phyla combined arthropods live environment earth land air soil water
scientists believe insects vanish earth completely changed able live earth insects insects important pollinate flowers fruit vegetable plants eat harmful insects destroy crops carry diseases insects important food source animals products honey beeswax shellac silk insects kinds insects harmful insects greater effect animal group gypsy moth caterpillars eat tree leaves mediterranean fruit flies destroy fruit crops houseflies carry germs think insects damage home garden insects numerous animals arthropod phylum varied insects sizes colors shapes tell animal insect looking typical insect grasshopper characteristics class easily seen body grasshopper divided parts head thorax abdomen tough light exoskeleton covers parts antennae head grasshopper touches smells insects taste hear antennae grasshopper simple eyes large compound eyes head compound eyes hundreds lenses eyes crayfish grasshopper mouth lips pairs jaws tonguelike structure
warm weather seashore magnet attracted seashores enjoy cooling breezes swimming fishing boating walking sand collecting shells favorite pastimes seashores land areas sea water covers shore times water sea rise fall water shore called tide tides caused pull sun moon water level ocean water rises shore covered seawater high tide water level falls low tide change water level affects shore organisms survive flooded water left high dry kinds seashores rocky shore sandy shore due wave action plants animals living rocky seashores special structures clinging rocks tube feet starfish attach rocks mussels ropelike strands anchor tide kelp special cells bases hold rocky coasts tide starfish crabs follow water movement stay moist mollusks crustaceans living high rocks withdraw inside coverings kelp tough leathery structures prevent losing water low tide sand shifts constantly sandy seashores fewer organisms rocky seashores nearly organisms live hide burrows tide
read page eyes blinking heart beating digestive system breaking food meal ate cold sneezing coughing re tired yawning activities kind behavior taught behaviors born knew behavior learned called inborn behavior simplest inborn behaviors called reflexes reflexes behaviors happen automatically sneezing yawning breathing reflex think breath animals reflexes fur cat stands end cat frightened octopus colors senses danger pupils eyes larger dim light smaller bright light happens touch hot stove behaviors examples reflexes watched spider spin web patterns web complicated spiders learn web spinning web inborn behavior behavior simple reflex inborn behavior complex involves steps called instinct kind animal special set instincts robin instincts kind nest tried build robin nest difficult
settlers united states found land rich natural resources air pure soil rich animals drink lakes rivers pioneer days areas air unfit breathing water unsafe drinking rich soil dumping ground wastes caused natural resources carelessly population united states increases resources wastes produced wastes part environment adding substance environment harmful amounts called pollution substance pollution pollutant pollution caused nature dust volcanic eruptions pollutes environment forms pollution caused pollution problem damages destroy valuable natural resources heard air quality report radio television daily report tells clean air quality air depends amount pollutants air pollution caused burning fuels gasoline oil coal wood fuels burned smoke soot harmful gases released air automobiles factories homes pour millions tons pollutants air expect find highest levels air pollution coal oil element sulfur
sexual reproduction female supplies egg male produces sperm union egg sperm called fertilization kinds fertilization animals live water fish amphibians reproduce sexually deposit hundreds thousands eggs directly water male releases sperm eggs fertilization body female called external fertilization animals live land reproduce sexually union egg sperm takes place body female kind fertilization internal fertilization humans mammals reproduce sexually internal fertilization main organs human male reproductive system testes testes produce sperm cells testes found male body pocket skin called scrotum scrotum keeps testes cool sperm develop temperatures lower body temperature tube runs testis tubes connect larger tube sperm pass male body females egg cells develop reproductive organs called ovaries egg released ovary mature human female days egg released ovary drawn tube called oviduct oviduct egg cell fertilized sperm released female body swim hollow muscular organ called uterus oviduct
pick telephone hold receiver ear dial numbers seconds hear familiar ring talking friend lives side town making telephone call easy stop think happens dial number electrical messages travel telephone wires central switching station computers process electrical signals send wires telephone person called telephone system enables communicate body systems perform similar function systems communication sending messages parts body systems control regulate activities system works telephone operates passing messages wirelike nerves system works producing chemical messages systems provide means communication body help body react environment imagine gotten roller coaster amusement park car slowly climbs steepest part track sights sounds top track park sudden grip tightens cold metal bar car speeds winding track screams deafening finally car comes stop
seconds left basketball game coach describes game plan team basket win game suddenly burst energy charge court shot ball drops basket buzzer sounds regulating system producing chemicals give extra edge system called endocrine system endocrine system produces chemicals called hormones hormones help regulate body activities growth development reproduction hormones control balance substances body calcium sugar hormones produced special groups cells called endocrine glands endocrine glands glands body tubes ducts endocrine glands release hormones tiny amounts directly bloodstream hormones carried body blood pituitary gland hangs base brain gland called master gland produces hormones control body activities endocrine glands hormone produced pituitary gland controls tall person grows hormone results giant produces dwarf thyroid gland butterfly shaped gland found windpipe voice box thyroid gland produces hormone regulates rate metabolism rate body produces energy adult thyroid hormone body metabolism slow
health problems occur don care bodies proper nutrition exercise rest keys achieving maintaining health eating essential healthy body balanced diet nutrients body needs amounts body nutrients energy growth repair processes balanced diet foods basic food groups foods basic food groups include fruits vegetables cereals grains milk cheeses meat poultry fish eggs nuts eating variety foods group give body nutrients needs recommended amounts food group shown figure body needs constant supply energy energy comes food food energy measured units called calories foods butter meat cheese high calories foods produce large amounts energy foods vegetables fruits low calories figure shows number calories common foods number calories need depends age sex build active generally young ages need calories active calories need number calories number calories body
wildly happy quitting bursting talk magnificent turn events pat played coy refused let home set epicac dials night defined kiss told felt fascinated pressing details night wrote kiss wasn epic simple immaculate sonnet love hawk velvet claws love rock heart veins love lion satin jaws love storm silken reins left tucked pat blotter epicac wanted talk love exhausted shut middle sentence kiss turned trick pat mind mush finished looked sonnet expectantly cleared throat words turned pretending couldn propose words epicac perfect words chance pat stepped room moment feverishly set epicac conversation peck message clicking rate wearing tonight wanted tell exactly looks poems wrote repeated question impossible change subject answering questions matter dispensed problems
steve didn tell keeping stars full job daily forecast paper scanty buy magazine find food forecast love forecast fashion predictions travel decoration sense color selection perfume wanted clean refrigerator didn dare sign avoid color green canceled trips put foot surgery didn invite party advice handle money entire month charge card died learn absolutely fascinating discovered women born sign dynamic confident asparagus orange person trusting french provincial boundless energy evening jewelry party brownies serving dropped carpet reached picked floor popped mouth fuzzy brownie hurt woman knew nicky looked deep eyes nodded knowingly pisces cusp say asked knew traits belonged signs according born rising sign destiny special wonderful homemaker excellent cook fine seamstress
lives air clean sunsets red purple simply dust atmosphere break light purple evening sky tinged green forests lives mountain slopes tumble downward sky picking trees ending rush clear unpolluted river eagles soar high swirling air currents bighorn sheep bounce sure hooves mountain peaks bears deer elk mountain lions roam lower slopes lives america existed coming white settlers lives mile creek flows river return country named light mountains sixteenth apache forebears america ago moving westward search freedom elbow room sylvan hart sylvan comes latin root meaning forest hart nature elusive creatures male red deer sylvan hart called buckskin bill lives rugged north central section idaho stream door salmon river called river return wild stretch spot band early fur traders spent terrible winter barely alive land beautiful fierce roads
prisoner lose daylight tomorrow morning worthwhile concealing parker rank humble commissioned officers precious risked perilous business spy sergeant regiment excuse answer give idea forces front knowledge lines obtain impart wit patience wait find dull tomorrow die tomorrow morning spies captured night custom nice observances profession general laid dignity confederate officer high rank wide renown smile power favor drawn happy omen outward visible sign approval genial infectious communicate persons exposed caught spy provoked armed guard brought tent stood watching prisoner yellow candlelight part warrior duty smile detailed purpose conversation resumed character trial capital offense
true nervous dreadfully nervous say mad disease sharpened senses destroyed dulled sense hearing acute heard things heaven earth heard things hell mad hearken observe healthily calmly tell story impossible say idea entered brain conceived haunted night object passion loved wronged insult gold desire think eye yes eyes resembled vulture pale blue eye film fell blood ran cold degrees gradually mind rid eye point fancy mad madmen seen seen wisely proceeded caution foresight dissimulation kinder week killed night midnight turned latch door opened gently
country full stories unusual deaths robertson lying creek overflow letting build sarcophagus ice trapper apparently knocked tripped fell firewood froze death stories deaths postponed fewer add account essence remains country detail largely disappeared high promontory ruggedness upper charley river lies wreckage aircraft readily identifiable called liberator medium range bomber built war wreckage dead center country happened early fall extremely flight began eagle ended hours later circle pilot understood crew liberator bailed winter survived asked learn querying air force fairbanks circle central river margaret nelson eagle packed parachutes ladd field fairbanks war survivor agreed knew
weakness end expecting definite chest pains stroke arthritis weakness put finish living numbness head airy feeling walked bones effort pick coffee cup morning waited days dust piled corners refrigerator wheezed creaked want defrosting weeds grew rosebushes awake dressed clock saturday morning patchwork quilt pulled neatly mattress kitchen cabinet took hunk bread fig newtons dropped paper bag wearing brown suit bought sale white shirt copper toed boots set underwear put paper bag razor clothes took rolled top bag stuck arm stood middle kitchen staring moment house rooms owned scrap farm sold ago stood hollow dying trees superhighway baltimore county held sticks furniture change clothes skillet set dishes
late soft summer evening jess picked spinning rod hiked meadow pond slipping grove cedar trees upper edge pond walking quietly staying shadows jess tied artificial frog line boy flipped lure water watched settle glassy surface edge cattails stood seconds admiring place saw sunken logs water thought bass living liked tall oaks side pond cast shadows water jess wondered big bass plug waiting sign lure twitched rod tip artificial frog surged forward instant water boiled strike jolted jess action thought big fish leaned rod set hook fish naturally stronger fighters fought trophy fish trophy jess believe saw ten inch bass stirring lake fish size jess leaned picked fish water firm grip jaw thumb inside mouth bass
turning point technical douglas created eerily intimate view space real sense weightlessness detailed matte prints backdrops rear projections special exposures action later john working elaborate models optical processes computer controlled cameras achieved whopping intergalactic battle star wars earning associates special achievement award academy motion picture arts sciences douglas associates honored effects close encounters kind cues filmmakers clear wanted put effect progressively sophisticated audience big original expensive million budget alien funneled effects creating intricate spaceship swiss artist part plastic part animal flesh blob looked cheap laughable scary look real upcoming films budgets clear sight says john carpenter horror master nonetheless takes view big budget effects hit halloween cost fog million directors view trend director arthur admits subdued film couldn earn money alien brought concentrated story mood didn want hardcore film advertised horror film
thought okay cigarette lighter cockpit threw switch activated battery relieved hear reassuring whirr pushed lighter waited minutes passed finally jerked color glowed darkness remembered line defense rocks pile hot granite rocks give heat maybe wind decided load tail section plane part partially split main body small aluminum cone big store heated granite squeezed sideways tiny baggage door cone feet bottom fuselage narrows tail plane heads top roof split open exposing rear passenger seat curled low protected pile rocks tail ordered climbed room fill leftover space stones maybe night jay move began grope dark feeling hot stones smelled flesh felt stinging pain hands
sound fog horn comes goes comes goes stir muddy bottom deeps eyes open lenses foot cameras move slow slow ocean sea shoulders heavy fog horn comes thousand miles water faint familiar furnace belly stokes begin rise slow slow feed slakes cod minnow rivers jellyfish rise slow autumn months september fogs started october fog horn calling late november feet higher hour surface alive slow surfaced explode takes months surface number days swim cold waters lighthouse night johnny biggest monster creation lighthouse calling neck neck sticking water body body important voice voice understand johnny understand fog horn blew monster answered saw knew million waiting
woke clock morning july apollo scheduled departure lot things started quick shave shower physical exam joined neil armstrong buzz aldrin astronaut traditional launch breakfast steak eggs breakfast finished packing clothes delivered home houston going germ proof laboratory live weeks bring moon rocks step dressed pressure suits sure leaking procedure took nearly hour ready climb aboard small van mile trip launch pad approached saturn usual feeling awe looked monster taller football field set end tall largest redwood tree sides coated ice moist florida air contact freezing cold liquid oxygen hydrogen tanks steaming ice rocket alive elevator finished journey columbia command module realized trip moon begun left surface earth course hurtling space orbit sun
examine entire environment carefully separated divisions nonliving division living division turn division divided smaller parts factors factors nonliving division environment temperature light water air factors living division environment plants bacteria animals factor nonliving division affects living thing turn living thing affects factors nonliving division nonliving living factors natural environment living thing suddenly change living thing harmed die suitable adaptations adjusting change happen living things humans control environment humans hand control nonliving living factors environment humans change nonliving factors environment plants animals killed times humans change factors harmful chapter study important nonliving factors environment try understand relationship factors living things require remain alive kinds living things found north south poles kinds found dark caves deserts
humans water purposes drinking water cleaning watering crops manufacturing flushing home factory wastes water purposes full waste materials chemicals factories sewage homes happens dirty waste water eventually reaches large body water lake river reservoir ocean dirty water mixes clean water water chemical sewage wastes polluted impure polluted water humans illnesses typhoid fever hepatitis body water inhabited fishes living things polluted usual inhabitants body water die desirable forms begin multiply forms decay responsible bad odors polluted lakes lake badly polluted longer valuable source drinking water suitable fishing swimming type recreational activity happened lake erie lakes threatening bodies water oceans air water readily polluted important human activities inventions automobiles factories furnaces chemical plants essential human comfort releases substances pollute air important air polluting substances gases carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide solid particles present smoke
greatest advances scientific knowledge women possessed traits curiosity imagination scientists curious things happen imagination invent explanations explanation beginning scientists satisfied explanation evidence examined scientists reject alter explanations evidence error scientific discoveries seldom due single individual scientific advances grow numerous discoveries scientists earlier sir isaac newton english scientist able achieve standing shoulders giants scientists preceded discoveries scientists try common sense approach solving problems approach logical systematic referred scientific method single scientific method steps found working solution problem problem clearly putting problem form questions answered helps sharpen thoughts recall laboratory experience empty bottle problem determine bottle substance decide substance
scientists observe hydrogen reacts oxygen form water gram hydrogen reacts grams oxygen find kilogram hydrogen kilograms oxygen react form water water formed proportion weight hydrogen oxygen part hydrogen parts oxygen proportion true hydrogen oxygen actually react form water grams hydrogen react grams oxygen water formed grams hydrogen remain unreacted grams oxygen combine gram hydrogen grams hydrogen react suppose gram hydrogen grams oxygen react form water oxygen reaction chemists find compounds formed elements combine definite proportions amounts weight observation called law definite proportions types chemical reactions reactions elements combined compounds formed reactions compounds broken decomposed elements compounds separated types reactions energy absorbed released earlier section pages discussed reactions look note case element combined elements combine form compound reaction called combination
particles mixture substances large size appearance readily separated hand picking bin vegetables potatoes onions easy separate types vegetables picking particles mixture small grains powder steps employed recall laboratory experience separated sand iron filings salt let review steps detail reasoning dealing mixture chemical reaction place substances retains properties separate iron filings mixture magnet fig page substances iron attracted magnet pass powerful magnet mixture iron filings form whiskers magnet separated sand salt salt soluble water mixed water salt dissolves forming solution solution mixture substances evenly distributed spread sand insoluble water mixed water sand dissolve mix sand salt water salt dissolves dissolved particles salt small undissolved particles sand large filter mixture fig page tiny particles salt water pass pores tiny openings filter paper leaving larger grains sand
completed chapter able describe ways elements compounds found living things differ elements compounds found nonliving things distinguish organic inorganic compounds solutions suspensions colloids give examples kinds chemical reactions living things explain enzymes chemical reactions occur living things laboratory experience follows study kind chemical reaction important lives organisms earlier laboratory experience chapter manganese dioxide catalyst help extract oxygen compound hydrogen peroxide experiment tested presence oxygen glowing splint test oxygen experiment place pea sized piece mashed raw beef liver centimeter test tube place similar amount scraped raw potato test tube glowing splint test presence oxygen test tube thing test tube centimeters fresh hydrogen peroxide describe happens glowing splint test tube tests point pour centimeters peroxide test tube liver seconds thrust glowing splint test tube tube potato describe happens glowing splint case
throat pharynx connects mouth gullet digestive action starts throat digestive process begun saliva proceeds muscles base tongue muscular wall throat pushes food gullet act called swallowing gullet esophagus tube connects throat stomach wall gullet composed sets involuntary muscles muscles contract regularly causing wavelike movements length gullet called peristalsis forces food gullet stomach peristalsis occurs rest food canal mucous glands line surface gullet secrete mucus slimy substance aids passage food throat additional digestion begins gullet gullet empties upper end baglike shaped stomach lower end stomach empties small intestine closed muscular valve wall stomach consists sets muscles contract directions muscles churn food mix stomach fluid eventually push food small intestine gastric glands located lining stomach secrete fluid called gastric juice gastric juice consists enzymes called rennin pepsin hydrochloric acid water rennin protein milk called casein action prepares casein digestion pepsin
air inhale fifths nitrogen oxygen gases present small amounts gases body oxygen air sacs lungs oxygen diffuses blood capillaries combines hemoglobin blood oxygen combination hemoglobin carried body cells blood rich oxygen reaches cell lacks oxygen oxygen blood separates hemoglobin cell absorbs oxygen process goes cell waste carbon dioxide water enter blood waste laden blood reaches lungs carbon dioxide water pass air spaces air sacs hemoglobin blood absorbs oxygen air air sacs cycle repeated exchange gases lungs blood cells goes continuously supplying parts body fresh oxygen removing wastes oxidation energy carrying activities produced cells organism energy chemical energy present molecules nutrient glucose cell glucose acts fuel undergoes oxidation result process chemical energy glucose released energy glucose released oxidation released gradually small quantity energy
blood consists liquid plasma types cells suspended red blood cells white blood cells platelets plasma transparent straw colored liquid fluid transports blood cells platelets numerous dissolved substances major substances plasma water plasma numerous substances dissolved dissolved nutrients glucose amino acids fatty acids mineral salts vitamins absorbed digestive system storage centers body nutrients transported tissue cells dissolved wastes carbon dioxide urea cell wastes absorbed tissue cells wastes carried organs eliminate body antibodies substances white blood cells destroy germs poisons hormones compounds secreted ductless glands regulate body processes ductless gland thyroid gland secretes hormone regulates oxidation cells protein liver essential blood clotting red blood cells colored disks thicker edge center fig page small drop blood million red blood cells immature red blood cells nuclei cells fully developed red blood cells lack nuclei red blood cells carry oxygen means hemoglobin present cytoplasm lack hemoglobin red blood cells results condition called anemia
scientists believe billions ago earth mass hot liquid material material similar fiery lava pours volcanoes today course millions molten material surface earth cooled solidify rock cooling continued downward earth developed crust thick solid places crust raised lowered earth formed atmosphere molten material earth contained water vapor gases gases expelled earth volcanoes openings crust gases formed original atmosphere earth continued cool water vapor atmosphere formed dense clouds rain fell rocks originally formed molten materials earth cooled called igneous rocks types rocks sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks derived igneous rocks types rocks present earth today period millions igneous rocks slowly worn continual rainfalls rain ran elevated regions collected depressions crust forming oceans runoff rainwater carried particles worn igneous rock running water carrying loose particles suspension running water carrying suspended particles reaches area quiet water suspended particles settle bottom body water
rocks group include granite obsidian pumice rocks consist mainly minerals quartz feldspar main difference rocks group size crystal grains identified granite obsidian pumice laboratory experience granite gray pink color principal minerals types granite feldspar quartz mica hornblende shown fig minerals fairly large easily visible crystals grains crust bedrock making continents consists granite addition mountain chains rocky mountains white mountains hampshire consist largely granite tough granite frequently buildings monuments largest monuments mount rushmore national memorial located black hills south dakota carved granite fig lump obsidian dark brown black thin slice obsidian appears colorless lightly tinted reason minerals obsidian found granite obsidian grouped light colored igneous rocks obsidian formed molten materials cooled rapidly rapidly crystals form reason obsidian glassy texture tribes american indians obsidian arrowheads knives hardness sharp glasslike edges times hot gases bubbling lava lava froth
surfaces exposed rocks covered grayish bluish green crust closer look rocks reveals colored crust consists small plants called lichens lichens eating rocks lichens releasing acids slowly dissolve minerals rocks addition bacteria microscopic organisms act dead plants animals changing chemical composition plants animals place acids released acids dissolve minerals rocks rocks crumble water comes contact kinds minerals water combines chemically minerals process called hydration mentioned water combines feldspar granite feldspar powdery kaolin hydration weakens granite makes likely acted agents mechanical weathering iron nail rusts exposed atmosphere rusting takes place presence moisture iron nail combines chemically oxygen atmosphere oxidation oxidation nail forms powdery red substance call rust largely iron oxide similarly oxidation takes place rocks iron rocks exposed oxygen atmosphere rocks slowly change softer substances rocks rust iron nail rusts
daily lives numerous distinct kinds plants animals distinct kind organism rose geranium maple horse dog housefly lobster called species living things existed earth species extinct unable adjust environment changed extinct species dinosaur species continued live able adjust members species managed carry individual activities reproduce kind died living species coyote coyotes today descendants species gotten natural environment species organisms discovered named scientists acquainted species organisms large number things difficult short period task simpler classify sort groups according organisms things resemble schemes classifying organisms past present scheme based worked carolus linnaeus eighteenth century scheme place organisms similar body structures develop group organisms size habits live environments
kinds simple animals small seen microscope realize animals exist organisms small important diseases malaria dysentery small animals serve food larger animals oysters fish chapter familiar phyla simple animals including microscopic larger animals protozoans celled microscopic animals discovered laboratory experience live water moist places celled animals parasites complex animals including humans celled animals bacteria reproduce binary fission larger animals live water feed microscopic celled animals celled animals possess hard shells composed chalk animals die shells accumulate chalk deposits formed protozoans harmful disease humans animals protozoan carried type mosquito malaria common examples celled animals ameba paramecium euglena ameba fig simplest animal known organism animal earth ameba inhabits ponds streams lives surface underwater plants ameba moves constantly shape movement ameba resembles crawling ameba pushes pseudopods false feet protoplasm flows
examples amphibians frog toad salamander body amphibian lacks scales early stages amphibians live water breathe means moist skin gills later stages land breathe means lungs amphibians chambered heart cold blooded frogs legs food frogs toads beneficial eat insects destroy crops examples reptiles snake alligator turtle body reptile covered closely fitting scales reptiles spend deal water breathe air means lungs reptiles chambered heart chambered heart reptiles cold blooded reptiles beneficial eats rats mice type turtle food snake alligator skins making leather goods reptiles dangerous humans crocodile rattlesnake examples birds penguin ostrich sparrow body bird covered feathers birds breathe means lungs chambered heart warm blooded warm blooded animal body temperature remains regardless temperature environment special features fit body bird flight streamlined body feathers pair wings air pockets distributed body
carla father playing ball father let ball hit net carla ran hit ball hit hit hit ten balls net plan father net hit ball plan fay ran mike play ball mike lot plan fishing fay father mike fay mike plan ten days help want ok fay help pots pans mike help help cot bed ten days pots pans cot fay mike cot father fay bed mike fit fay mike bed
nick call ten going look nick won tree fay nick win tree fay win lee set bed pat penny penny pat wish pat pat penny lee going wish things say things won wish ok won ask pat wish penny penny lee bed wish playing playing lee bed tree playing tree thing lee thing thing wish cat dog fish hop play sing say lee play lee thing tree thing penny wish penny penny penny lee tree wish bed bed ring lee tree bed
ben sitting peter going win ben ben plan plan peter wins ben yes peter try try ran ok set tree wins win peter win ben set peter ben ben peter boys ran peter peter ok ben stopping going peter stop going ben win try ben sit ben sat peter peter planning win things plan ben winning peter thing plan ben won let try ben band women fat slim trim hat look look
hot dry sidney leonard feel playing want sidney leonard leonard sidney sat sat larry ran slow larry leonard slow going tom larry going show show sidney show shed larry mary want ok larry show going leonard bet mess sidney saw show mary red dress bee shed bee red dress mary ran leonard ran sidney show jay ran going show jay ran sidney leonard sat show sidney going ok sidney leonard guess sidney leonard sidney show going mess guess leonard sidney
king pup elizabeth big pup elizabeth dad fit big cup king big paws dad big dog show show elizabeth lot things show king pup king fed want fat want big elizabeth pup vet shots trip king trip dog tag king thing elizabeth king sit stay show king stop thing king want wet stop king elizabeth dry drip dad slip stay bed elizabeth bed stay beds things king bed elizabeth show dog bed king say stay elizabeth king beds things hit show
stop rags jack ran dog stop tug rug rags stop rug bug jack pet stop tugging rags stop say rags let rug rags jack rug rags ran jack dad say let rags going pam saw jack going rug getting rug jack rags fix rags yes pam fix show dad rug fix jack father rug dad rags rags jack try stop trying rags dad slip rags slip jack pam ran rags jack pam tell things dad ok jack let rags show dog rugs
dave walked saw tom tom asked mess mess tom stay looks mess dave stay dave tom dave asked tom car star car star car dave thing dave tom thing going stars dave trying tell thing stars telling tom won dave won won tom brag star car stars dave tom thing stars tom say bragging dave say going stars tom show show dave want tom stepping hum brake set
buster going buster ben sitting tree shade want fat say tree tree buster hot yes hot ben want dragging tree tree buster ben want slim start buster start shade ben going buster shade say ben jam let ben jam fat buster want buster ben talking penny walked cake buster called penny cake part ben running stop buster trying slim cake small part cake asked buster penny smart buster trying slim buster penny ben talked shade ted walked buster called ted
patty showed fred small dog pup today pet asked fred ok patty let smell fred smelling hand let pet arf arf pup patty pup bark bark fred pets blame barking fred pup bark play ball yes patty brings ball wants play show asked fred play ball smart pup patty smart talk smart talk fred patty pup talk arf arf arf arf pup talking fred barking dog talk patty ok fred dog patty blame let fred mark dark spot yes patty mark asked fred patty mark pup saw mark fred getting mark look patty mark fast
ivan timid timid villagers called pigeon mocked title ivan terrible night ivan stopped saloon edge village cemetery ivan crossed cemetery lonely shack side path cemetery save minutes full light moon late winter night bitter wind snow beat saloon customers took familiar mockery ivan sickly protest fed jeered cruelly young cossack lieutenant flung horrid challenge pigeon ivan walk cemetery cold dare cross cemetery ivan murmured cemetery cross lieutenant earth earth lieutenant cried challenge cross cemetery tonight ivan give rubles gold rubles vodka temptation gold rubles knew ivan moistening lips suddenly yes lieutenant cross cemetery saloon echoed disbelief lieutenant winked unbuckled sword ivan center cemetery front biggest tomb stick sword ground morning
lower burma hated large numbers important happen police officer town aimless petty kind european feeling bitter guts raise riot european woman bazaars spit juice dress police officer obvious target baited safe nimble tripped football field referee looked crowd yelled hideous laughter happened end sneering yellow faces young met insults hooted safe distance badly nerves young buddhist priests worst thousands town stand street corners jeer europeans perplexing upsetting mind imperialism evil thing sooner chucked job theoretically secretly course burmese oppressors british job hated bitterly clear
family moved des moines apparently escape domination grandparents tenth birthday amelia saw airplane father took iowa fair wright brothers flown kitty hawk incidentally money provided wright sister airplanes curiosity amelia impressed thing rusty wire wood wrote interested absurd hat inverted peach basket purchased fifteen cents today loathe hats minutes head sure pass creation airplane schools finally graduating hyde park high school chicago yearbook girl brown walks mother insisted sending finishing school philadelphia americans entered war christmas traveled toronto visit sister muriel attending st margaret school canada war weary united states appreciate amelia wrote later crutches walking king street toronto winter sight changed course existence amelia quit school nurse aide canadian red cross caring shell shocked veterans
crashing noise jarring impact jolted paul map reading realized happened nearly panicked yelled alarm couldn hear blast wind smashed windshield plane alongside harris wheeler sprawled seat blood masking face left arm bent crazy angle cabin gray feathers told paul happened collided real bird grabbed wheel instinctively hammering vibration engine reach throttle engine died shut violent shuddering broken ignition wires fuel line jagged stump motionless wooden propeller blade goose lot damage propeller windshield pilot engine dead quieter paul think clearly blast air driven warmth small cabin altimeter read feet forested slopes ranged high minutes air plane glide miles half windshield reminded harris hear shouted tried shake injured consciousness gave quickly plane pieces
cousin joanne allowed hang told aunt hazel scare death sleeps house spend weekend truth tell stories blood thirsty vampires ugly monsters lurk clothes closets giant beetles eat shower curtain camp entertain kids bunk joanne cries makes stories background music crying going lie purpose stuffing pillows throwing sneakers making racket mary counselor shine flashlight bunkhouse play asleep rest busy blubbering finding blankets tell mary load standing moonlight white robe looking ghost start pretty soon camp awake anyway fun joanne circus camp mother phone aunt hazel jo maybe harriet behave show
sailed dangerous voyages sake personal glory sailed personal adventure fall group tried answer honestly asked compelled age sixteen twenty foot sailboat san pedro harbor flanks beach tell family friends going shakespeare answer questions hamlet say divinity shapes ends rough hew answer fitted pretty closely heard shakespeare understood destiny school age california classroom close forest yacht masts kids pictures automobiles airplanes flowers uncle harry wearing big glasses drew pictures boats boats scores portholes top heavy boats small boats wind filled mainsails genoas ten lot resentful homework pressured father giving foot dinghy beat beautiful living morro bay attractive california coastal towns launching father teach sail full wisdom previous night reading manual titled handle small craft
familiar called ordinary senses sight sound taste touch smell ordinary senses respond pain pressure heat cold gravity host internal sensations aware consciously ordinary senses means receive information turn communicate ordinary senses account information receive environment learn events place seen heard learn manner explained normal senses times aware thoughts told receiving sensory messages receive information events happened cases accounted ordinary senses explain resulting extrasensory psychic perceptions society slow accept evidence psychic phenomena evidence strong hundreds books countless scientific papers thousands cases experiments entire science parapsychology study phenomena article explore telepathy clairvoyance precognition main types esp relied psychic detectives including psychokinesis ability mind affect matter moving bending objects mental processes
cat ago don remember wild awful battle fought beneath attention humans snub administered cat pride bear cat house months pretty beast ragbag patched streaked black white gray fox color sat edge clearing house looking house door cats chickens family scene excluded crept bush evening silent golden evening cat chickens shooed runs night chickens shouted flattened grass disappeared evening mother edge bush called wary close pregnant large gaunt beast skin prominent bones dragging heavy lump belly hungry dry dry season flattened thinned grass bushes sight skeleton dry sticks grass tiny leaves fluttering merely shadows bushes twig trees load leaf thinned dry showed plan trunk branches
principle mind peyton planned murder albert small retailer stolen things approached peyton usual table blue suit special shine lined face special grin faded mustache special bristle peyton greeting future murderer fourth dimensional qualm nice sir peyton disliked approached newspaper dessert business reach peyton past forty hair past earlier blackness rigid bearing youthful eyes dark voice cut sharply practice peyton sir sir forefinger hand moved gently clapper striking invisible substance left hand momentarily cupped ear peyton turned page paper damp dispenser folded flat singing bells hush peyton whispered agony peyton walked park peyton axiom reasonably secret low voiced discussion doors whispered singing bells accumulated singing bells
father sleeping front room floor brother roy sixteen father bed protest bitterly victrola record boys habit playing news killed dog recitation nat wills record played times grooves deeply cut needle revolving groove repeating words ate burnt hoss flesh ate burnt hoss flesh ate burnt hoss flesh reiteration generally father bed night question bed fuss roy matter fact bed kind mild fever wasn severe delirium brother person give delirium warned father father bed delirious clock morning roy decided pretend delirium order later explained fun bed going father room shook buck father buck charles called buck
schoolmaster baard brother anders thought deal enlisted lived town took part war corporals serving company return home war thought splendid fellows father died deal personal property easy divide brothers decided order disagreement put things auction buy wanted proceeds divided sooner father owned large gold watch widespread fame gold watch part country seen put rich tried brothers began part bidding rest ceased baard expected anders let watch anders expected baard bid turn put test looked hard bidding watch run twenty dollars baard brother acting rightly continued bid thirty anders struck baard brother remember kind elder watch thirty dollars
harp mother mastery ah played tell touch parents played ah true touch mother harp musician dying gift pupils musician hands received sold bartered put numbers princely incredible instrument poor harper shape perfection part strong fine wood hard smooth bronze fittings ivory silver grand curves frame bore silver mountings chased intertwining lines waves waves leaves eyes gods stags looked leaves waves waves lines craftsmen glance longer looked clearer saw beauty practical obedient shaped service sound sound harp water running rain sunlight water waves breaking foam brown sands forests leaves branches forest shining eyes gods stags leaves wind blows valleys
nana understood repairing boat nana don ladylike nana sona beautiful boat tommy uncle real sailor sailed want boat fine nana sand paint sona helps repair boat sail bought needs lots lots paint varnish re going sail bay nana nana stunned bay shook head mother father trusting raise safely lady bay sounds dangerous think say family decided yes sona tried think school tommy walked fast city blocks past flats apartments harbor nana allow foggy days sunny days scraped sanded fingers ached didn mind listen tell storms winds fought met strange ports skipper beautiful big yachts smaller boats someday going tahiti tommy
charlie didn notice sun setting telephone lines alley dark shadows evening charlie sat trash cans raised steel pipe head junk dirty junk angrily smashed bottle lying pavement glass shattered hundred pieces charlie busy shouting didn corner pushing wheelbarrow full empty bottles rusted wire things collected alleys put wheelbarrow watched charlie looked surprised frightened looking want asked charlie bottles wire quiet voice broken bottles wire trash cans want bottles wire asked charlie money em answered bent looked broken pieces glass charlie feet asked want junk asked charlie disbelief sure picked special pieces glass took brown bag pocket unfolded carefully pieces glass inside heard busted glass charlie pieces beautiful broke fine shapes
originally family names china sacred poem words means family names millions chinese chinese family poem twenty thirty characters words person middle called milk cases family written milk famous chinese leader called sun sun common england names baker cooper makes barrels took names places lived feature landscape nearby shore hill thousands jewish faith regular family names boy named isaac called isaac ben jacob meant son jacob ago christian governments countries eastern europe laws requiring jews choose family names places jews allowed names christians put words suggested things beauty flower mountain rose valley rosenthal gold stone goldstein austria government officials began charge fee suggesting attractive higher fee
picked white fuzzy dandelion heads hold dandelion head wind happens pick blow watch fuzz float fall ground places sail high sky hanging center bit dandelion fuzz stalk small seed end seeds mature stalks break parent plant seeds sail air flying white parachutes seeds fall earth miles places grew germinate grow dandelion plants dandelion head seeds maybe hundred find place grow germinate die bloom insects birds eat seeds tiny plants remain grow plants seen maple seeds flying dancing high wind pick ground catch air seeds wing bird wings windy days sail toy gliders maple tree stick grass fallen leaves warm spring showers start plants growing seen tumbleweeds piled fence rolling road windy tumbleweeds grow round balls tangled masses stems seeds mature main stem breaks root wind rolls tumbleweeds country turn seeds break scatter tumbleweed seeds thorns cling traveling plant touches
matter young boy named tom traveling road seek fortune road sun hot finally road forked boy saw tree thought rest awhile think fortune bad lies ahead thinking boy tree found shadow occupied lay asleep boy tom sat sun quietly waited waken share cooling shade opened eyes signaled tom closer sun shadows lay tom complain knew fortune lay ahead lay seeking fortune tom point looked road looked east looked west shook head eyes poor tom wind grandfather continued tom heard wide lies put head side listened put head shook
owned town left anyway ghost town mining camps hills place gold rush diggings petered began moving flimsy houses started collapsing find traces plenty towns scattered creeks knew build kiln fire clay bank nearby half dozen buildings brick stood solid roofs fallen windows doors missing walls standing figure general store post office stage station blacksmith shop room jail small saloon saloon space dancing rooms floor town mine narrow gulch wasn thing gold half mile modern main highway dirt road leading passable drove poking car loaded tourists pulled piled wandered ing ah ing seeing wonderful idea
phoebe fraunces thirteen father gave dangerous job phoebe going spy black york slaves phoebe family free phoebe father samuel fraunces owned queen head tavern queen head popular eating meeting place met knew safe place talk war begun trouble person caught talking king patriots knew samuel fraunces trusted held meetings tavern discussed secret plans sam fraunces let knew morning april sam daughter phoebe sitting side side dining room queen head big dinner night getting room ready polishing pewter plates candlesticks laying fresh candles phoebe father began yes sir phoebe answered phoebe important say bad country hard find person trust secret especially dangerous secret glad trust young learned father listen talk fear slowly general washington dread dread danger
clear springlike fort lauderdale florida december calm cloudless light wind blowing northeast perfect weather flying war ii america slowly returning normal strange happen mystery noticed later questions raised thirty call event mysterious history flying happened chain events mystery bermuda triangle lieutenant charles taylor united states navy flight leader hours flying credit december taylor command flight job simple avenger bombers training flight planes carry crew fourteen fifteen crew corporal allan report flight asked mission received permission stay ground later corporal say explain strange reason decided flight corporal warned known going happen lieutenant taylor asked flight permission denied taylor warned
suppose save money parents give stash cash earn working odd jobs save stuff money toe shoe hide bed planning touch entire morning friend suzanne asks lend wouldn re crazy suzanne hundred dollars money mon saving money suzanne says hundred bucks need money important project pay exactly word fact sign note promises return money hundred dollars lot money suzanne remind sure friend friend lend thousand dollars needed give shirt re friends remember let think tell tomorrow home fish bills shoe lay bed think suzanne request morning think solution decide lend suzanne money worries headaches money pay troubles able money suzanne pay inconvenience
damp night air heavy pall eye watering smoke cut transistor radios clatter pots pans roar motorcycle squeals teen agers city dark tens thousands scenic yosemite national park enduring hour traffic jams park gates searching place park room set temporary housekeeping finally establish tent tenement crowded cities shop supermarkets wild hang laundry tent ropes feed sandwiches bears turn ankles try hiking capri pants city brought city ills ride park ranger david patrol turning dusty lane slows car screaming children scamper road damp night air heavy pall eye watering smoke cut transistor radios clatter pots pans roar motorcycle squeals teen agers hundreds shiny aluminum trailers multicolored tents squeezed camping areas city dark spectacularly beautiful park wrestling problems give fair sized city alarm soaring crime rate incredible traffic snarls juvenile smog
rachel carson dead robins meant readers needed urgently think future began write nature book explain silenced voices spring rachel intended write continents seas book called remembrances earth letter rachel received january changed plans olga owens book editor boston post resident duxbury massachusetts rachel friend standing mosquito control plane flew small town summer live close marshes treated lethal doses pilot criss crossed place consider spraying active poison private land aerial intrusion harmless shower bath killed lovely song birds outright picked dead bodies morning door scattered bird bath emptied scrubbed spraying kill ddt robin dropped suddenly branch woods heart sick hunt corpses birds died horribly bills gaping open splayed claws drawn breasts agony air spraying needed wanted inhuman undemocratic unconstitutional
town heart america live harmony surroundings town lay midst checkerboard prosperous farms fields grain hillsides orchards spring white clouds bloom drifted green fields autumn oak maple birch set blaze color flamed flickered backdrop pines foxes barked hills deer silently crossed fields half hidden mists fall mornings roads laurel viburnum alder ferns wildflowers delighted traveler eye winter roadsides places beauty countless birds feed berries seed heads dried weeds rising snow countryside fact famous abundance variety bird flood migrants pouring spring fall traveled distances observe fish streams flowed clear cold hills contained shady pools trout lay days ago settlers raised houses sank wells built barns strange blight crept area began change evil spell settled community mysterious maladies swept flocks chickens cattle sheep sickened died
leaned tiny control board spoke mike close mother ship radio switch setting course speed knots depth fathoms full sonar coverage estimated target area minutes report minute intervals message received understood hunting hounds don chewed lower lip thoughtfully job handle idea fifty miles susan moment certainly follow signaled couldn maintain speed soon drop heading pack killers thing wanted lead carefully trained porpoises trouble common sense business fond susan don running replied re area whistle acknowledgment mother ship barely audible don switched set look dimmed cabin lights scanner screen clearly pulled polaroid glasses eyes peered depths moment don felt god able hold hands circle atlantic twenty miles clear unexplored deeps thousand fathoms
means exercise significant degree control increasing intellectual capacities humans group scientists told colleagues national convention predictions based successful research animals preparing try methods human subject low intelligence dr strauss says shud rite think thing dont says hope miss kinnian says maybe smart want smart charlie gordon weeks ago rite close today test today think faled think maybe wont nice young room white cards ink charlie card tho foot kid faled tests school ink told saw inkblot yes feel thot stopped
dr strauss showed tv turned low sleep dont hear thing dont understand says times play morning find sleeping dont think miss kinnian says maybe times sounds american talks fast faster miss gold teacher grade remember talked fast understand told dr strauss smart sleep want smart im awake says thing minds theres subconscious conscious spell dont tell dont talk thats dream boy crazy dreams wow night tv late late late late late show forgot ask minds looked word dictionary dr strauss gave word subconscious nature mental operations present consciousness subconscious conflict desires theres don means isnt dictionary dumb anyway headache party
lot improved modern future give peace happiness find begin let admit purpose partly jealousy unfair writers able drop sleep hundred plunge head distant future witness marvels wanted passionate student social problems today roaring machinery unceasing toil working classes strife poverty wars cruelty appalls look love think conquered nature toil worn human race entered era peace loved think longed set thing deliberately wanted fall asleep customary fashion hundred wake find marvel future preparations sleep bought comic papers find illustrated carried room hotel brought pork pie dozens dozens doughnuts
sat silent looked crumbling buildings monotone unchanging sky dreary empty street fruit conquest elimination end hunger cold cessation hard struggle downfall change death nay millennium happiness wrong pondered put rapid questions waiting reflect answers war centuries ago took settling international disputes slot machine foreign dealings thinks foreigners awful newspapers newspapers earth want need thousands piled anyway things happen wars accidents death newspapers listen continued asbestos social reformer don understand don understand completely burdens disappeared look spend early part lives fifteen spent getting education exactly answered notice improved education surgery
household robot assumes everyday chores housewives occur twenty mechanical helper exist eventually robots built perform worthwhile activities including impossible human ability cope unforeseen accord practical robot capability electronic circuit imitates neurons cells human brain built enabled robot deal unexpected situations neuron structure bulky brain billions neurons meaning incredible job truly human robots developed machines humans cross trends sure occur future extent machine united uncertain computers exist learn remember seek goals reason walk sing key talk irritable play games grasp adapt environment design improvements artificial organs miniature electronic components human body computers plasma circulating viscera envelope allowing organs healing direct mind machine communication explored transfer thoughts words experiments chemicals brain implanted brain transfer knowledge untrained rats suddenly performed taught injected chemicals brains trained rats scientists believe memory storage involving dna rna molecules animals humans
able move breathing circulatory respiratory systems digestion kidneys help body body organ controls jobs body hormones travel body sense organs hear read chapter find information help answer questions systems body information help understand body works working exactly alike twins exactly alike person unique kind fingerprints exactly alike voice sounds exactly alike ways exactly alike person unique body kinds parts body parts basic ways body living parts parts large skin parts small teeth parts smaller living parts smallest living parts body called cells cells seen eyes kinds cells body kind cell size kind cell shape
told eat foods told help grow help healthy foods told eat foods divided groups group meat group beef pork fish nuts foods group group vegetable fruit group vegetables fruits part group group milk group milk foods milk group foods milk cheese yogurt fourth group bread cereal group rice corn bread cereal foods group eating foods food groups important health cells need parts foods parts called nutrients nutrients enter bloodstream bloodstream carries cells cells nutrients build cells nutrients repair cells change food energy nutrients food cells food broken organs digestive system breaking food called digestion chart page lists organs digestive system kinds digestion kind called mechanical digestion mechanical digestion helps break large pieces food small pieces begins chew food
optometrist trained check eyes treat eye problems optometrist finish high school finish college attend school pass test treat age group choose treat ages help care members family measuring person major part tools measure person things measure person things close measure person eyes able person eyes unable person trouble things person trouble reading examine person eyes check signs disease body parts signs diseases high blood pressure found eyes find signs send person medical doctor help part decide need eyeglasses test kind eyeglasses help person write directions making glass part eyeglasses person directions store eyeglasses sold
art therapist helps art art help show emotions art help understand emotions art therapist person attends college person attends person art courses person science courses person receives training art therapy art therapist help cope emotions help show emotions painting help kinds art hospitals emotions hospital emotions ill help deal emotions art help let steam speak doctors nurses speak helping person try find things person emotions decide kind art person maybe person feels angry give person clay pounding clay person rid anger maybe person gotten maybe person leaving hospital soon person feel happy give person brightly colored paint person paint show happiness art look look bad
body parts food eat body food nutrients vitamin pills foods give energy kinds food eat milk drink calories control weight body digest food eat read chapter find information help answer questions food body food information help choose foods help body healthy plants animals living things living things need things stay alive things food food plants animals living thing needs food live grow body food body working works sleep body cells cells smallest living parts body cells parts food parts called nutrients body working nutrients body takes amount nutrients needs food eat cells nutrients ways help body tissue grow tissue cells makes parts body
body needs major nutrients needs body nutrients foods eat food give nutrients need eat kinds food kinds nutrients foods groups foods nutrients grouped eat foods group help body nutrients needs growing healthy food group meat group look picture page shows foods group eat servings meat group serving ounces lean meat amount fish poultry serving poultry bird raised meat eggs chickens turkeys birds serving eggs slices cheese tablespoons ml peanut butter serving serving cup ml dried beans amount dried peas eaten servings meat group today eat servings foods eat food group vegetable fruit group vegetables fruits group
kinds physical activity physical activities physical activities help heart physical activities help stop stress physical activities help respiratory system safeguards physical activity warming mean cooling warning signs watch physical activity read chapter find information help answer questions physical activity affects body information help wise decisions physical activities health think things days age filled activities activities things activities need move body drawing activity activities move body lot skating activity kinds activities called physical activities kinds physical activities kinds physical activities indoors kinds physical activities outdoors physical activities indoors outdoors kinds physical activities kinds physical activities choose compete try hard win physical activities compete physical activities physical activities compete team
suppose decide physical activities want decide things decide going physical activities decide try minutes physical activity days week physical activity help body physical activity physical activity minutes today activity physical activities help ways physical activities help body help body strong help body move easily help feel parts body group body parts working called system body systems systems circulatory system blood blood vessels heart look picture page shows circulatory system blood flows body blood flows blood vessels blood carries things needed cells cells smallest living parts body job heart pump blood body pumps blood beat
physical activity help healthy help stay healthy physical activity harm health physical activity harm taking safeguards part safeguards points points checked physical activity points choosing safe place warming cooling points overdoing choose safe place physical activity physical activity sure playing area clear sure items run fall sure activity put path traffic safe place outdoor physical activities physical activity indoors sure area clear sure room move freely bumping term warming means getting body ready warm physical activity warm warm exercises warm exercises slowly bending warm exercise start stretching warm goes add speed exercises idea spend warm exercising muscles activity
ago medicine medicine drug medicines help difference legal illegal drugs ways drugs misused misusing caffeine affect body misusing nicotine affect body misusing alcohol affect body wise drug decisions read chapter find information help answer questions medicines drugs information help medicines drugs safe roast crush eat liver ox directions trouble seeing night medicine nearly thousand ago doctors egypt medicine odd help today known liver vitamin vitamin helpful treating eye problems doctor trouble seeing night give vitamin vitamin pill roasted crushed ox liver medicines thousands ago today form today medicines drugs medicines play part thought look picture page
drugs help live healthy lives health harmed drugs misused drugs misuse drug means drug correctly drug misused ways wrong amount drug wrong reason misused drugs strong drugs strong children drug strong misuse drugs drugs misused simply drugs course illegal drugs drug risk risk chance harmful happen happen drugs affect body fact makes drug risk drug affect drug help person drug harm risk drugs properly risk taking drug greatest drug misused think drugs misused reasons misuse planned person drug mistake person wrong amount drug mistake misuse drug wrong facts drug
helping stop misuse drugs government passes laws making drugs passes laws selling drugs doctors careful prescribing drugs pharmacists careful filling prescriptions teachers teach young dangers drug misuse drugs reach children help avoid misuse drugs person responsible health responsible means accepting blame goes wrong means taking steps things person misusing drugs person boys girls age responsible health important part responsible making drug decisions making drug decision means deciding actions drugs decisions drugs depend lot feel feel health important want protect expect decisions drugs decisions drugs try wise decisions active part protecting health active part steps help wise drug decisions step risk decide risk worth taking
medical record technician keeps records hospital clinic medical record technician makes sure facts person illness record job medical record technician sure records order records ready needed save valuable lives medical record technician finish high school pass classes hospital college classes teach medical record technician medical record technician large hospital important member health care team important part job records treated hospital date members health care team depend records give facts need help insurance companies records records help care business company times machines help machines important help save members health care team need person health history machines help health records date job tiring boring reading filing working numbers working machines wear
need help hurt help called aid aid help waiting help arrive section reference aid procedures injuries section procedures follow handle fire emergency piece food trapped person throat causing person choke happens person skin look blue person faint lack air person able talk air person die minutes help needed place standing person put arms person waist let upper part person body hang forward fist hand place person rib cage grab fist hand pull fist quickly person quick upward lifts food pop try food popped call doctor hospital help person fainted heavy hold turn person lay hands top hand place person rib cage press hands quickly person quick downward pushes food pop try
adolescence ways change adolescence things affect growth pituitary gland affect growth happen body puberty feelings change adolescence hormones affect feelings things family members show responsible person read chapter find information help answer questions adolescence information help understand enjoy exciting entered enter exciting called adolescence adolescence change adolescence boys change girls change women adolescence change ways physically change body grows size change mentally part kind change feel things adolescence suddenly change happy sad change knowing find suddenly feel strongly things adolescence things mattered changing socially change adolescence changing means family change
grown children hear likely talking grown began growing born grew slowly times grew lot short times growing quickly called growth spurts growth spurts physical growth started growth hormone growth hormone comes pituitary gland growth spurt comes person growth spurts ages growth spurt birth comes age babies double weight months birth ages growth fairly steady growth spurts ages growth slows growth spurt brings person full size growth spurt physical change sign adolescence called adolescent growth spurt length adolescent growth spurt growth reach full size ages reach early girls start adolescent growth spurt boys girls start growth spurt ages
adolescents find notice change family adolescents spend family younger part activities home adolescents home want spend lot family members disagree feel adolescents disagree younger family members adolescents find longer enjoy things younger brothers sisters enjoy disagree spend thing adolescents younger family members disagree treated adolescents greater freedom younger brothers sisters younger brothers sisters feel fair lead arguments adolescent older brother sister disagree adolescents disagree parents parent adolescent disagree adolescent spend disagree adolescent spend money choice music clothing things parents adolescents disagree language drugs things things help adolescents family understanding unusual disagree help trying understand feel help willing give help
night works course body worker works night body jobs important stop working body jobs alive body living cells order stay alive cells stay alive stay alive cells need things things oxygen oxygen gas found air thing cells need nutrients cells need getting rid waste cells waste change nutrients energy think happen body cells rid waste systems body helps cells nutrients oxygen system circulatory system helps cells rid waste circulatory system heart blood blood vessels heart pump pumps blood blood vessels blood vessels reach cells parts body blood leaves heart moves quickly body blood returns heart trip circulatory system nearly miles km blood making trip
radiologic technologist takes pictures organs inside body pictures called radiographs looking pictures help doctors decide person organs healthy radiologic technologist finish high school classes college hospital radiologic technologist hospital able pictures parts person body extra training taking pictures digestive system food water hours picture digestive system fact early morning thing morning check equipment check equipment working correctly sure dressing gowns blankets supplies person comes ready start taking radiographs frightened try cheerful treat kindly experienced radiologic technologist help learn radiographs spend part afternoons working students show correct equipment watch try end feel happy glad part helping
george problem teeth decayed decay teeth ached george tooth removed soon needed false teeth nice smile anymore cheeks began lose shape george false teeth teeth george finally understood important healthy teeth george late heard george washington needs teeth presidents think teeth important born teeth forming born teeth formed gums teeth seen months teeth erupted appeared gums slowly teeth began erupt likely full set teeth teeth called primary teeth baby teeth primary teeth called baby teeth began erupt baby teeth erupted baby remain mouth lost primary tooth feel losing tooth care permanent teeth coming
throw ball lucky luck able run fast wish lucky strong give luck credit person luck things certainly true fitness traits lucky traits develop bring traits course able develop amount trait person develop traits body person physical disability develop fitness traits physical disability body damage damage keeps body working physical disability physically fit limits body wheelchair develop arm strength full arms able develop strength develop cardiopulmonary strength help develop fitness traits person help responsible fitness important responsible fitness help fit help stay fit things help develop fitness traits
chronic mean happens body organs affected degenerative diseases body antibodies kind degenerative disease chronic disorders caused air pollution makes person style stress affect person things help control chronic disorders things help prevent chronic disorders help prevent chronic disorders read chapter find information help answer questions disorders factors information help prevent control disorders lines poem mean feel lines mean important certainly true health appreciate health health problem health problem keeps person healthy health problems short health problems chronic chronic means lasting chronic mean happening health problems heart problems cancer called chronic disorders disorder body means parts body working suppose chronic disorder chronic disorders heart problems cancer fact chronic disorders hard count
look pictures show parts environment environment part environment pictures think pleasant things things pleasant chronic disorders caused things environment fact things environment pleasant chronic disorders sun pleasant makes feel warm stated radiation sun cancer riding car pleasant cars help air pollution air polluted gases solids large amounts things breathe breathing things chronic disorders chronic disorder caused breathing air pollution chronic bronchitis air pollution chronic bronchitis irritating bronchial tubes tubes lead person lungs air pollution person bronchial tubes hot red sore ease soreness tubes lot mucus mucus watery sticky mucus person tries cough coughing makes bronchial tubes sore think coughing chronic disorder caused breathing air pollution emphysema bronchitis emphysema results mucus bronchial tubes
marijuana alcohol tobacco social situations reasons reasons alcohol tobacco reason marijuana curious marijuana high high marijuana high alcohol affects brain talk marijuana affect person brain wonder effect marijuana brain feel say effects marijuana hear music clearly usual say hear note music marijuana tests prove able hear clearly usual feeling effects marijuana say marijuana makes things look brighter clearer usual tests show feeling effects marijuana able small moving object colors kinds activities dangerous person feeling effects marijuana say think feeling effects marijuana say think quickly deeply kinds things feeling effects marijuana tests show feeling effects marijuana able think clearly marijuana makes person able remember usual
water important body food water recreational activities help healthy rains water added earth water supply danger water shortages ways water polluted water pollution harm health ways scientists trying stop water shortages read chapter find information help answer questions water water pollution information help understand water important water pollution affect health sun shining going hot going degrees re going beach swimming lake feel today re taking radio picnic lunch wait going beach lot fun run sand play friends swim helps special things environment sun sand friends parts environment home part parts environment water important parts environment lives earth needs water stay alive
hot today beach wait dive lake beach closed water pollution told water sick couldn swimming hope water clean unhappy going beach fun water polluted water smells bad water looks bad chances polluted water diseases harm health ways water polluted water pollution caused throwing things water polluted water throwing cans bottles trash lake stream think pollute water water polluted ways water polluted sewage sewage water wastes activities washing dishes washing clothes sewage garbage wastes body sewage treated sewage treatment plants water pollution plants sewage filtered things added break parts sewage harm health sewage dumped rivers lakes streams treated water polluted sewage looks bad smells bad sewage kill fish spread diseases
doctor walked young young suffering headaches decided tests tests showed tumor growing brain tumor group cells normal doctor believed tumor causing headaches carefully cut hole young head believed hole allow remove tumor able tumor tumor tests shown doctor removed tumor story shows health care improved today doctors able hundreds tests help find disease doctors improved ways treat prevent disease early doctors fight communicable diseases fight communicable diseases killing thousands yearly fight doctors learned vaccines edward jenner shown doctors prevent smallpox doctors studied jenner sure kinds vaccines key stopping communicable diseases job stopping communicable diseases easy took hard early doctors progress progress means move forward middle communicable diseases prevented received vaccine protects polio
doctor walked young girl girl suffering headaches doctor decided run tests tests showed tumor growing girl brain doctor knew tumor causing headaches thought doctors treated brain tumors past cut hole girl head remove tumor doctor gave girl glass water pill medicine pill medicine powerful destroy tumor harming rest girl body young girl healthy story hard believe someday happen doctors working pills destroy tumors doctors sure answers health questions found future today doctors working find answers doctors believe answer health questions artificial blood artificial means blood important person health blood carries things cells body body needs things healthy blood carries wastes cells organs remove wastes body blood helps body fight disease accident disease person needs blood doctors able blood need blood donors blood donors give blood need
emergencies need help injured section reference procedures types bandages bandages help prevent infection bandages help injuries worse pages textbook information aid injuries types bandages needed care kinds injuries simple adhesive bandages butterfly adhesive bandages roller bandages triangular bandages types bandages type bandage injuries small cuts scrapes sterile germ free pad middle type bandage side pad adhesive strip adhesive means sticky strip covered special paper paper helps pad sterile paper helps strips sticking things bandage simple adhesive bandage follows hold bandage hands pad facing wound picture bend bandage thumbs pushing pad motion adhesive strips turn upward special papers begin pull pad picture hold special papers thumb finger hand hold special paper thumb finger hand touch pad
ways thinking abilities brain allow learn things remembered easily things mental behavior parts brain nerve signals level consciousness changed help brain healthy brain mind read chapter find information help answer questions brain works information help understand brain important health ago body organs damaged meant death person today doctors able fix damaged body organs doctors able replace damaged body organ person process known transplanting organs kidneys transplanted cases heart transplanted point organs replaced transplanting organ transplanted brain scientists working idea idea transplanting brain raises questions questions brain transplanted live person receiving brain person giving brain asks question body organ transplants brain decides person
friend walking group strangers able pick friend recognize wonder person makes person person looks things person determined person brain things include smart person kind person reacts brain determines person likes person thinks funny person afraid studying parts nerve cells explain functions functions special things brain special thing brain mind doctors agree definition mind doctors feel mind brain feel brain physical thing weighed measured mapped mind hand product brain mind physical parts measured parts include intelligence pain person stand intelligence pain measured exactly feel term mind includes person senses person intelligence person memory
doctor specializes treatment brain parts nervous system courses college courses called premed courses graduation college attend medical school spend working studying hospital studies complete pass tests spend afternoons week seeing office patients doctors check decide surgery operated checkup spend mornings hospital arrive change sterile clothing carefully scrub hands arms important clean surgery start operation surgery morning operations operation operations hours complete operation takes operation operating change sterile clothing sure operated receiving proper care patients mine hospital recovering surgery
need food body nutrients food food substitute check food wholesomeness things contaminate food cooking affect food things nutrients food provide things affect food pattern calories affect weight read chapter find information help answer questions food part plays information help choose prepare foods help healthy imagine flying large jungle small plane plane engine trouble keeps losing altitude help plane lighter removed thrown copilot says lose pounds re going crash jumps throw parachutes okay person jumps stay alive weeks sure find rescue person let draw straws jumps copilot holds straws direction choose short straw parachute landed tree loosen harness fall ground unhurt needs meet needs thought important food
chosen wholesome food help healthy ready eat food ready eaten food eaten prepared ready eat preparing foods simple complicated foods fruits vegetables eaten raw preparing foods simple washing food washing food keeping things touch food clean important parts preparing foods washing food keeping things clean help eating food contaminated food contaminated wholesome thing contaminate food harmful germs germs passed food person hands keeping hands clean important germs surface fruits vegetables foods washed eating cooking thing contaminate food pesticide pesticide chemical put plant insects bugs harming plant pesticides harmful washing fruits vegetables remove harmful pesticides addition cleaning hands food preparing clean kitchen tools kitchen tools include things touch food prepared think important kitchen tools clean sure food eat wholesome things
families eat kinds foods breakfast families prepare foods food eaten families serve meals times families manner eating family food pattern family food pattern includes kinds food eaten foods prepared eating style eating style includes mealtimes manner eating person food pattern called personal food pattern young personal food pattern food pattern family things affect personal food pattern thing region part country live live coast likely eat fresh ocean fish seafood live inland live south eating hominy tasted live north thing affect personal food pattern eating customs habits family families food pattern pattern stems original culture family food pattern family eat lot pasta family eat vegetables families course eat foods cultures
principle exercise programs overload overload means making physical effort walking slowly place place increase add physical fitness walking quickly mile overload overload help increase fitness principle exercise programs progression progression mean gradually increasing speed exercises progression mean gradually increasing amount exercise able run mile km tiring begin exercise program week able run mile km tiring week able run mile km tiring fourth principle exercise programs tolerance tolerance amount exercise needed improve physical fitness tolerance parts part intensity intensity means hard improve physical fitness exercising exercises improve physical fitness suddenly exercising hard exercising dangerous health part tolerance frequency frequency means exercise improve physical fitness age exercise
ways test muscle strength equipment shown page tests measuring kinds muscle strength equipment test sit tests muscles abdomen abdomen part trunk chest count sit ups row boys abdomen muscle strength sit ups girls exercises help develop muscle strength sit ups help muscles abdomen strong chin ups help muscles arms shoulders strong muscles stronger experience overload gradually increase number times exercise overload muscles increasing amount force needed exercise muscle endurance important health reasons muscle endurance help alert active muscle strength muscle endurance helps stop muscle injury pain kinds exercise test endurance muscles test endurance leg abdomen muscles exercise shown page exercise times endurance muscles kind exercise test arm muscle endurance
hundreds disorders known today part group called chronic disorders chronic disorders generally passed person lasting caused microorganisms germs microorganisms found tiny enter body knowing live grow multiply body attack parts disorders part group called infectious disorders infectious disorders diseases caused germs infectious disorders easily passed person person kinds chronic disorders examples disorders heart disease group chronic disorders leading death united states kinds heart disease age heart attack heart disease attack understand heart attack heart works heart pumps blood blood vessels parts body heart needs blood heart blood blood vessels heart attack blood vessels heart blocked heart blood stop beating heart stop beating damaged
kinds help drug abuse problems kind help needs emergency help drug problem bad effects drug needs help drugs needs help kind emergency help hot line hot line telephone service drug problems call help hot lines run trained help drug abuse problems talk caller bad effects drug let caller cared tell caller ways help drug problem call hot line worried drugs hot line worker tell caller change drug effect body hot line worker help medical aid calling doctor hospital kind help drug abuse problem professional counseling person receives professional counseling talks trained help problems abuse drugs concept concept think counseling counselor talks drug concept abuses drugs
kinds health total health things part healthy environment part healthy environment kinds progress helpful harmful effects ways government help healthy environment ways person healthy environment read chapter find information help answer questions healthy environment information help understand progress affect environment health things environment school part environment home parts environment environment healthy healthy healthy environment things need total health total health kinds health kind health mental health kind health means healthy mind kind health physical health kind health means healthy body kind health social health kind health means able help total health healthy environment provide things need need food eat need safe water drink
studies poisons finds poisons harm living things college earn doctoral degree chemistry toxicology practice learned working study kinds poisons study chemicals factories harm worker health police help find poisons crimes find drugs act environmental job study pesticides find pesticides harm environment americans hundreds thousands tons pesticides pesticides kill insects rats pesticides kill weeds test pesticides find test pesticides find safe find quickly pesticide breaks find pesticide safely find living things pesticide harm fish run test add amounts pesticide water fish tanks watch fish die sick watch fish months check pesticide built inside fish help decide pesticide safe sold job important
twentieth century expected span united states slowly increasing expected span male female generally living longer today able care health protect disease sickness able care health reasons reason today nutritious foods eat nutritious foods foods help person healthy foods nutritious divided food groups food groups bread cereal group vegetable fruit group meat group milk group past nutritious foods eat nutritious foods grow places nutritious foods grow times able store food fresh eaten place nutritious foods eat ways packaging nutritious foods fresh longer change nutritious foods grown times today nutritious food foods eat health
minute think things age days filled activities things activities style live activities style planned plans things happen soon plans things place months health plan includes kinds plans planning style help healthy help protect health today health later depends deal plan care health planning act plans health plan parts putting parts help enjoy health eat amount eat important parts health plan eat balanced meals meals foods food groups eat food supply energy need happen eat food body important part health plan getting rest sleep rest sleep help body build cells help body repair worn cells rested body able fight disease
dan silver playing baseball park grandfather house watching game game walked dan jack silver son asked dan puzzled dad grew look age dan jack silver son father physical traits bodily characteristics hair color facial features body build physical traits traits passed parents children traits ability learn passed parents children trait passed parent child called inherited trait process trait inherited called heredity process begins event called fertilization months born information development traits inherited carried special cells cells egg formed mother body egg carried information traits inherit mother cell sperm formed father body sperm carried information traits inherit father information egg sperm carried small parts cell called chromosomes egg sperm chromosomes
known going live care statement aging intended funny jokes lot truth aging continuous process begins early ends death affected heredity environment depends things person help grow develop healthy body growing aging human cells age die kinds cells body skin cells white blood cells formed age healthy skin repair small cut white blood cells continually fight infection kinds cells body reached stage development stage kinds cells cells injured dies grown stage development cell replaced doctors feel brain cells nerve cells kinds cells replaced brain cells nerve cells formed birth doctors believe age thousands brain cells die loss brain cells occur change think
kevin captain baseball team class president classmates wish confident popular kevin kevin feel confident appears fact afraid tries hard popular anne quiet shy anne friend discuss problems bother makes feel wish popular kevin think popular problems feel unsure things feel able think happy envy sure discovering ways discovery feel feel possibly understand feeling find helpful mind age discovering feeling things feeling person act differently
nutrients prepared digestive tract cells steps nutrients reach cells bloodstream enter bloodstream nutrients form tiny pieces called molecules nutrients small break foods breaking food step process digestion step carried teeth strong muscles esophagus stomach intestines powerful chemicals called digestive juices changing tiny pieces food molecules nutrients cells step digestive process step carried chemicals called enzymes enzymes parts digestive juices help break food enzymes change proteins amino acids change fats glycerol fatty acids enzymes change carbohydrates glucose products called simple sugars crude oil changed gasoline power engine proteins fats carbohydrates changed forms cells vitamins minerals water changed forms cell form digestion digestion begins soon bite food teeth begin breaking food chewing enzyme begins separating simple sugars carbohydrates food chewing
jane swims hour linda walks school rafael stopped riding elevators climbs stairs ted snacking pieces celery potato chips mary getting health checkup frank counting calories things reason trying lose weight consuming nutrients lead medical problems true nutrients produce energy trouble begins energy food body needs body turns unused energy fat stores result gain weight gain weight form fat obese teenager obese amount fat total weight percent greater normal level obesity begins percent body weight fat women obese percent body weight fat young children obese percent body weight fat obesity harm health thing obese makes heart sends blood extra fat cells put extra stress heart obesity blood vessels narrow blood trouble passing condition need send blood extra blood vessels extra body fat lead high blood pressure
develop sets teeth set called primary set teeth set teeth called baby teeth called milk teeth set teeth permanent lasting set permanent teeth supposed rest children primary teeth primary teeth begin forming months birth forming teeth hidden inside gums teeth begin erupt gums months birth teeth erupt teeth erupt times period children full set primary teeth age permanent teeth begin taking place primary teeth child permanent teeth form primary teeth upper jaw form primary teeth lower jaw permanent tooth prepares erupt primary tooth replace loose falls primary teeth permanent teeth erupt takes permanent teeth replace primary teeth mouth primary teeth permanent teeth person primary teeth replaced permanent teeth
physical therapists disabled injury disease birth defect help patients improve physical fitness program exercise massage treatments physical therapist need college degree earn degree physical therapy graduating program study training complete month month program study training getting degree field courses physical therapy program include chemistry anatomy human growth development mechanics motion psychology need license practice physical therapy united states physical therapist worked large hospital small nursing home patients need weeks therapy need treatment patients special recommendations treatment doctors tests determine patient move evaluation develop individual program patient teach patient exercises strengthen weakened muscles help patient crutches artificial limb severe disabilities deal pain greatly limited physical activity patients periods depression times discouraged refuse treatment job involves helping patients learn live disability encouraging making muscles
sharon anne decided begin exercise program sharon anxious start wet cool ran miles km afterward took minutes walk home exhausted felt awful sharon talked exercise lot anne exercise program differently ran short distance increased distance days weather bad jumped rope nice days swimming ran park friend months later anne exercising felt looked physically fit exercising week summer attempt beginning chances discouraged exercise program continues part fun begun exercise program abandoned think wrong succeed exercise program plan ahead remember attempt give chance shape things mind planning exercise program easier continue participate regular exercise program
hospital administrator manages nonmedical functions hospital running smoothly hospital administrator need college study graduate doctoral degree top level positions field think hospitals places sick treated doctors cared nurses training hospitals completely charge management department hospital assistant administrators supervise separate departments nursing food service medical records person responsible keeping hospital system working order things manage hospital budget buy hospital equipment hire fire personnel raise money hospital going problems complaints things run friends think crazy job find constant activity satisfying job mine give hospital want doctors nurses technicians administrative maintenance workers needs don agree money spent decisions balance needs spend meetings afternoon meeting community leaders discuss health services poor elderly
narcotics agents police officers local level investigators federal level agents try control narcotics problem drug abuse narcotics agent local police force training received job police academy colleges universities training program federal narcotics agent consists weeks instruction defense drug laws court procedures firearms considered working drug enforcement administration united states department justice knew hard knew helping fight drug abuse spread illegal narcotics important decided special agent jobs undercover try distributing illegal drugs case began tip informant drug supplies coming area getting schools crime rate kids tried money drugs partners spend hours getting information needed press charges testify court re pleased say drug ring streets job exciting dangerous portrayal job television movies
product today technology radio major source entertainment information kind radio battery powered radio car radio portable radio radios power lines television set telephone health safety broadcasts radios saved lives times emergency greatest technological advances development synthetics synthetics materials natural materials examples synthetic rubber synthetic cloth synthetic wood synthetic place natural material costly hard find synthetic natural product containers glass glass container dropped broken dangerous especially true products shampoo containers slippery bathtub shower problem containers synthetics synthetics helpful allergic natural materials allergic wool wool skin itch wool wear cloth synthetic synthetics playing important role medicine part body injured diseased transplanting body part person body rejects refuses accept part
environmental engineers scientific knowledge skills protect improve air land water resources manage environmental health conditions industrial recreational private living facilities licensed environmental engineer bachelor degree engineering need advanced degree higher level positions field registered field united states related experience environmental engineering pass examination environmental engineer responsible health live area serve sure environment free pollutants air water surrounding land dangerous health important responsibility responsibility land animals plants depend land environmental engineers specialize area service job involves managing environmental conditions industries area industries produce products manufacturing processes products pollute environment possibly harm workers industrial pollutants include radioactive materials solid wastes chemical gases fumes engineering technical skills devise ways detect remove control pollutants produced factory scientific research helped learn control pollution levels important eliminate pollution
designs fits artificial devices called prostheses patients suffered partial loss total loss body part eye arm leg need bachelor degree major prosthetics clinical experience required major field complete courses prosthetics training program clinical experience patience understanding experience loss body part deeply affected try ease patients adjustment showing prosthesis help lead normal doctor refers patient thing examine patient determine prosthesis prescribe prostheses carefully fitted designed serve person needs modern prostheses light easy move sturdy prosthesis replaces leg support weight body arm hand prosthesis able move objects carry weight modern science wonders field prosthetics artificial legs movable joints knee ankle rubber soles feet leather cushioning comfort prostheses attached patient body leather straps belts metal brace fitted leg prosthesis patient walk naturally
mrs lawyer enjoys working hours plays golf times week works garden husband traveling retired age found job found exercise eats watches tv hours wrong health advanced adulthood interests habits develop determine determine going kinds activities enjoy enjoy physical mental activities body mind fit working ready healthier advanced adult body mind fit younger cardiopulmonary fitness healthy heart lungs kind fitness exercises heart lungs hard exercises called aerobic exercises walking fast swimming running bicycling exercises fit need kinds exercises minutes times week
anne lives apartment checks sure anne younger took care parents died anne children grandchildren grandchildren live visit anne plans nursing home soon common generations family live young lived house parents grandparents possibly aunt uncle lived grandparents helped care children helped care grandparents united states today parents children live relatives reason change family kinds job opportunities area children grow live parents jobs faraway areas reason change family remain healthy advanced adulthood today past prefer remain independent live lead think reasons family advanced adults able things young advanced adults live need help
chin times sit ups pinch inch flesh point rib cage eat balanced diet posture feel tests meant show healthy girl able sit ups boy able boys girls age able pinch inch cm flesh point rib cage pinch overweight average person united states body fat normal person terms average normal understood suppose want average height health class add heights members class divide class total number class members found average height class average measure likely class exactly height normal average mean exactly thing term normal refers group range measures normal measures health measures expected healthy person average
million united states million means persons advanced adulthood persons advanced adulthood nearly persons united states older parents reasons change coming makeup population united states change coming makeup population depends part babies born age group older age group tend alike ways members age group children children born age group age group age group small families age group children small happened depression war ii percent united states age war ii decided large families percentage rose percent
mental health mental illness positive concept positive concept help handle stress mental illness mental health related person physical health childhood heredity environment age mental illness treated past neurosis behavior neurotic differ mentally healthy neurotic person helped psychoses treated help person considering suicide read chapter find information help answer questions mental health information help recognize signs mental illness help mental health problems grades dropping lately school counselor wrong sick girl start study thinking feel sad don sad counselor physical health maybe mental health poor asked health think physical health health body realize total health includes social health health mental health health mind physical health
ideas believed scientists prove wrong called fallacies fallacies foods folklore fallacies encouraged write books articles magazines newspapers fallacies heard radio seen television believe idea food check doctor depend truth begin checking learn facts foods school food commercial television compare facts learned school help distinguish facts fallacies common fallacies hear food fallacy printed italic type fallacy scientific facts pregnant woman eats strawberries baby born mark looks strawberry evidence food mark baby skin true pregnant woman eat balanced diet provide health baby ordinary food harm part balanced diet beets build blood important parts blood built proteins iron foods eat beets sources proteins iron beet greens lot iron
person overweight person risk death diseases higher weight normal overweight higher risk diseases related overweight high blood pressure heart disease diabetes person weight percent greater normal person risk death high blood pressure percent greater risk weight normal person percent overweight risk death high blood pressure increases percent greater risk normal weight person percent overweight person risk death heart attack percent greater risk normal weight recent discussion connection heart disease kind fat eat saturated fats found animal foods beef pork lamb found solid cooking fats butter lard tend increase blood cholesterol polyunsaturated fats found vegetable oils corn oil peanut oil tend increase blood cholesterol blood cholesterol believed fat clings walls blood vessels causing vessels narrow called arteriosclerosis narrowed blood vessels lead heart attacks heart receive blood hard stress foods eat rich fats
ago dental problems care cure cure involved magic special potions plant juices remedies based superstition passed prevent tooth decay adult thought child teeth rubbed rattle rattlesnake wore rabbit tooth string neck prevent tooth decay string properly hang mice remedy pulling teeth tie end string person bad tooth end bent sapling young tree sapling allowed spring pulled person tooth idea tying end string loose tooth end doorknob door slammed pulls tooth early women seldom suffered tooth decay faulty bite teeth wore food ate pain caused treated ways ways magic folk medicine removal painful teeth early believed pain caused bad magic sense magic relieve pain believed
popular fitness activities america running call jogging claim jogging slow running medium speeds running aerobic exercise help losing weight avoid overeating aerobic exercise running helps increase endurance running part program find run short distance days able run bit farther bit farther run run sure stretching exercises stretching exercises called warm cool exercises kind strenuous exercise warm exercises muscles flexible ready cool exercises give body chance slow gradually exercises important preventing injuries running part exercise program run minutes try running fast takes minutes run mile km run slower run bit longer wear loose comfortable clothing thick socks sure wearing running shoes support cushion feet think reasons running prefer walking running tell walk farther exercise run opportunity lot
let ride bikes lake tomorrow sandy miles km lake mean re saying exercise let start biking school miles km gradually mile ride considering fitness program mind strengths weaknesses person seldom exercises starting fitness program needs major league baseball player wants lift weights extra strength plan exercise program satisfies needs things fitness program think thing consider kind condition watched friend easily found happened difference friend physical condition ordinary week write sports play amount write exercise walking running figure total amount exercise try figure miles kilometers walk run takes cover distance determine spare spend things require exercise
disorder caused recessive gene cystic fibrosis occurs families europe united states babies cystic fibrosis cystic fibrosis disease parts body tears sweat saliva saliva course substance wets food mouth person cystic fibrosis sweat salty thick gluey mucus mucus liquid keeps lining air passages moist thick mucus clogs lungs air passages making normal breathing difficult thick mucus harm parts body pancreas pancreas body organ juices small intestine digestion pancreas filled mucus digestive juices leave foods forced leave body undigested cystic fibrosis discovered died childhood ways treat cystic fibrosis alive adults live nearly normal lives think cystic fibrosis common future diseases caused germs called bacteria kill person cystic fibrosis thick mucus traps bacteria lungs air passages trapped bacteria infections illnesses drugs called antibiotics help fight infections
drug counselors clinics hospitals hot lines help dependent drugs talk drugs risks involved drug taking stay drug free types drug counselors levels education required positions hot line crisis intervention workers receive special training centers counselors college degree psychology counseling related field physicians nurses licensed clinical psychologists help drug counseling specialists training college drug counselor drug treatment clinic deal death situations times provide opportunity drug talk understands special problems interested working adolescents adolescents drugs feel won deal real problems re high start abusing drugs friends pressure try drugs pretty strong talk adolescents drugs want occasionally need talk help decide say drug abuse method counseling group counseling adolescents find easier open talk going things
environment determines quality environment affects kind live turn kind live affect physical health mental health social health quality depends person things needs health happiness person needs chance job buy necessities food clothing shelter person needs amount living space play feeling crowded person needs recreation outdoor activities want environment includes lakes fishing swimming trails hiking prefer activities need environment includes gymnasiums courts fields prefer activities need environment includes theaters concert halls environment include adjustments environment adjustments called trade city environment jobs fishing hiking climbing mountains kinds recreation provided city environment person live city order job person vacation wilderness area order fish hike climb mountain
sanitarians environmental health specialists inspect health safety conditions public private property enforce government laws regulations regarding sanitation safety standards college degree environmental health public health science states sanitarians pass test job worked private industries hospital food manufacturing plant presently working local government health agency small town working agency involved wide range activities responsible health safety comfort live town inspect sanitary conditions water supply garbage sewage disposal systems places food produced sold determine noise air pollution levels safe range job requires spend lot field inspect environment collect samples lab technicians analyze samples drinking water water recreational lakes streams pools treated sewage water bring discover problem recommendations solve recommendations notify government official agency responsible dealing violation court give evidence cases involving public health violations
television program medical advances night machines heart kidneys liver body parts don maybe able live expectancy number person likely live united states average expectancy born born early expectancy today expectancy nearly increased expectancy medical advances advances increase expectancy future past advances surgery advance parts person body transplanted moved person body thing transplanted person blood blood transplants transfusions performed beginning fresh blood transplanted fresh blood frozen stored needed donated blood person donate blood person find donating blood think helpful donate blood doctors learned transplant body parts kidney liver heart cornea clear covering eye
biomedical engineers apply modern technology medical care design build devices artificial joints pacemakers computers help design build things hospital facilities laboratory procedures biomedical engineer courses electronics math mechanical engineering courses biology medicine colleges offer degrees biomedical engineering degrees biomedical equipment technology field involves assembly maintenance repair biomedical instruments started college engineering major interest biology medicine taking extra courses enjoyed math science involved engineering interested health care relationship technology fortunately teachers told biomedical engineering adjusted studies career field large medical center specialize research development synthetic body parts artificial heart valves blood vessels lab design build synthetic eyes ears joints medical center rewarding boy brought center severe burns badly damaged shoulder special soft leather casing support shoulder hurting tender skin special soft leather casing bandages place protect infection allowed air help heal burns
think doctors discover age asked tina mysteries surrounding diseases inherit added emily think doctors find cure cancer lifetime wondered george despite medical breakthroughs recent doctors learn ahead working solve medical mysteries major mysteries doctors try solve age reasons body parts wear fully understood doctors believe stress help aging stress pressure caused dealing problems everyday doctors think body release harmful chemicals damage body age idea aging diet foods eat doctors hope learn ideas correct medical mystery cancer doctors believe diet related cancer doctors say eat prepare food percent deaths due cancer doctors disagree believe smoke air pollution chemicals environment cancer deaths doctors think tiny particles called viruses cancer doctors think cancer cure needed kind cancer
think ten wonder want adult age sure want explore activities decide change mind times decisions help shape future future depends partly goals goals want achieve goals things want accomplish soon hope achieve future williams asked students think goals asked things wanted achieve school bob wanted improve grades spelling tests maria hoped earn money pair running shoes eric goal learn play hockey williams asked students wanted ten debbie wanted doctor paul goal computer programmer lynn wanted person admired honesty goals goals set later depend kevin collects stamps looking stamps add collection spends lot free working stamp albums cynthia dog cats tropical fish
luis entered school discovered science class learned felt students decided compete worry getting grade class test tried higher grade test luis caught students goal improve compete compete competing help learn develop abilities set goals ann barbara excellent tennis players girls decided play team tennis match lost played win ended match ann barbara talked happened decided needed cooperate order win ann barbara win team girl playing girls began practice playing worked ways help won match learned compete team individuals compete groups groups member group cooperate members reach group common goal
yvonne looking hand skin covers feel hard bones inside skin bones parts small microscope millions tiny parts yvonne entire body body yvonne millions kinds cells cells smallest living parts body skin skin cells bones bone cells kinds cells body shapes jobs cells basic parts cells thin outer covering called cell membrane cell membrane holds cell lets water substances food cell needs cell membrane keeps things harm cell cell small central body called nucleus nucleus stores information directs activities cell sends orders telling cell nucleus surrounded cytoplasm cytoplasm clear jellylike liquid body cells groups cells alike job groups cells called tissues muscle blood skin hair bone tissues body
billy older brother milt older sister looking family photo album billy pointed picture milt age billy surprised milt grown milt start growing laughed photo remembered felt awful taller boys class eighth grade boys finally caught billy milt noticed grow rates grow faster times lives belong family growth follow patterns facts growth grow size body cells increase number body grows process called cell division cell division cell grows divides half forming complete cells body grew cell cell divided cells cells divided cells divided cells continued divide born body millions cells millions cell division takes place stages stage cell divides material nucleus makes exact copy nucleus
bodies grow change rates ages grow heights weights sizes shapes grow change depends partly hormones glands depends partly eat exercise sleep body grows influenced ways heredity heredity passing characteristics parents children characteristics called traits affect ways look act traits received mother father called inherited traits parents turn inherited traits mothers fathers adult height traits inherited parents parents tall likely grow tall short parents short inherited traits include eye color hair color skin color foot size nucleus cell body directions inherited traits directions strands matter called chromosomes chromosomes substance called dna dna carries specific directions traits dna controls specific trait gene gene carries directions specific trait genes carry directions inherited trait body cells divide chromosomes cell exact copies cell identical set chromosomes
janie idea lunch tuna sandwich brother david prefers peanut butter sandwich janie david teresa house lunch teresa surprised lunch sandwich teresa making green chile teresa cooked ground beef onions green chile peppers spices warmed flour pancakes called tortillas griddle put scoops meat mixture tortilla rolled tortillas children ate janie david loved david wanted recipe recipe set directions making kind food united states countries brought favorite recipes homelands taught ways cooking families united states today recipes recipes common part united states teresa recipe green chile comes mexico foods found united states combined ways healthful meals mei ling parents grew china chinese meal mei ling house includes small servings foods food mei ling table arranged carefully chinese cooking foods chosen look beautiful taste mei ling family big dinner tonight meal begins egg rolls filled chicken vegetables
anna wanted body trim healthy decided set exercise program exercise program plan exercises amount days week checking doctor anna took tests learn physically fit scores set exercise goals chose kinds exercise help meet goals improve fitness arranged regular exercise anna set program body stronger flexible efficient step planning exercise program find physically fit school give physical fitness tests ymca ywca community organizations area give tests remember check doctor start exercise program doctor tell kinds exercise safe tests designed president council physical fitness sports tests measure physical fitness separately tests measure muscle strength endurance heart lungs pull ups boys flexed arm hangs girls test strength arm shoulder muscles sit ups test general muscle strength recovery index test measures heart lungs tests pass
muscles tired feel physical fatigue exercising muscles oxygen substances food produce wastes wastes produced blood carry wastes build muscles brain receives signal tired need active muscles rest rest body chance clear wastes fresh air help overcome physical fatigue oxygen muscles mind tired feel mental fatigue maybe studying hours mind working hard body feel tired need rest mind refresh body active exercise help recover mental fatigue strong feelings tired feel emotional fatigue think start worry feel tense tension called stress stress lead emotional fatigue sleep help overcome type fatigue exercise activity enjoy help relax stress overcome emotional fatigue feel tired boredom fatigue solution boredom kind activity interests puzzle reading book playing sport game
past died communicable diseases scientists learned harmful microorganisms disease scientists found ways fight disease microorganisms gradually able control communicable diseases today main weapons fight communicable disease medicines called vaccines protect diseases vaccine disease makes person immune disease person protected disease getting ill medicines developed kill harmful bacteria human body medicines called antibiotics cure communicable diseases addition methods sanitation ways surroundings clean free disease microorganisms improved sanitation helps diseases starting spreading vaccine developed hundred ago smallpox common dangerous communicable disease died smallpox survived left terrible scars dr edward jenner scientist thought smallpox prevented dr jenner studying cowpox disease similar smallpox milder cowpox caused harm dr jenner noticed person suffered smallpox cowpox dr jenner thought healthy cowpox purpose protected smallpox dr jenner experimented idea worked took matter cowpox sore woman hand scratched healthy boy arm rubbed matter scratch
person abuses alcohol physically psychologically dependent alcohol dependence alcohol called alcoholism person dependence alcoholic alcoholics unable control drinking feel need alcohol stop drink drunk getting drunk lead health problems caused alcohol alcoholism harm person ways drunk play study young alcoholics drop school older alcoholics lose jobs alcoholics hurt family friends help alcoholism stop drinking alcoholic stops drinking goes painful withdrawal person shake twitch scary things alcoholic needs help doctor break dependence alcohol alcoholics recover alcoholic drink drink lose control soon dependent alcohol tobacco smoke cigarettes inhale smoke lungs minute inhaling cigarette smoke place person body heart starts beating faster blood vessels narrow blood flow easily temperature skin drops
accident unexpected happening hurt kinds accidents likely happen rooms places home accidents burns happen kitchen accidents poisons happen places medicines cleaning products knowing accidents happen help stay healthy steps accidents hurting lights telephone things house run electricity electricity form energy flows thin metal wires touching metal electricity flowing dangerous person painful jolt called electric shock strong electric shock kill person prevent electric shocks electrical wires covered plastic rubber electricity flow materials covering protects electricity flowing metal wire accident happen cover electrical wire damaged tell adult electrical wire cracked worn frayed covering wire replaced electrical wires damaged lamp cords extension cords wall furniture step electricity comes sockets wall electrical appliance plug cord socket careful touch metal part plug put socket
disaster emergency situation affects forces nature disasters storms blow trees wash houses roads earthquakes destroyed entire cities hurricane violent storm high winds heavy rains hurricanes start sea move land hurricane flooding blow trees destroy buildings hurricane moves community direction local radio television stations announce hurricane warning warning tells hurricane expected reach area prepare hurricane ways bring loose items yard inside tie blow sure home emergency kit ready shut doors windows tightly board hurricane stay protected part house windows case storm shatters glass battery powered radio flashlight wind rain suddenly stop leave house storm center hurricane large quiet place called eye calm storm means eye hurricane passing rest storm follows short leave house hear announcement storm left area careful
special part health book exercise shows exercises fun easy exercises help feel look help lose weight help heart lungs help relax exercise handbook divided parts stretching individual exercise group exercise cooling exercise minutes exercising help healthy begin exercise program sure check doctor exercises safe doctor person decide exercises exercise begin stretching muscles body stretching muscles helps prevent injured exercise hard stretching exercises playing game sport exercises stretches group muscles exercises stretch order stretch groups muscles stand feet width shoulders put left hand waist raise hand head bend body left shown picture bend feel pull waist hold position seconds
exercises help heart lungs stay healthy starting exercises stretching movements exercises hard speed pulse breathing exercising minutes pulse breathing speeded exercise stop rest exercises stand feet arms side jump spread feet swing arms land position shown picture feet width shoulders jump jump bring feet arms land starting position repeat steps rhythm ten times jumping rope give benefits jogging help jumping rope fun try music steps follow holding jump rope stand feet let arms hang loosely sides start bouncing balls feet rhythm bouncing seconds pick rope place loop rope shown picture straight knees bent head look straight ahead swing rope head jump high let rope pass feet
playing active game friends exercise fun active game friends fun playing remember stretch start playing active game play game team cooperation winning strategy form exercise equipment need net rope net rope supports begin need playing area feet feet stretch net rope feet high center playing area mark bounds areas sides play game players divide teams form rows side net rope object game bat volleyball net ball hits floor happens team batted ball scores point game soon team scores points team starts game serving net serve corner players punch balls fists corner players serving team shown picture serve balls server team touch ball goes net players team turns serving
family relationships important baby family helped meet physical emotional needs helped feel safe loved sense belonging esteem gain independence expand teenage relationship family change continue depend family meet needs need love help difficult times need show care setting limits limits expressed form rules help protect danger grow older natural want independence family feel able things understand family allow freedom help realize concerned safety family met needs older find difficult accept need independence find ready handle freedom want ask responsibility home fulfilling responsibilities show family feel confident allowing independence
communication skills find difficult tell thoughts feelings find difficult talk thoughts feelings uncomfortable find ways protect thoughts feelings choose face directly ways protect unpleasant thoughts feelings called defense mechanisms defense mechanisms knowing photographs pages show ways defense mechanisms difficult facing reason situation occurred substitute reason makes feel ease kind substitution defense mechanism called rationalization rationalization helps avoid unpleasant facts simply making excuses lying trying convince deep untrue performing poorly school band say band leader directing band clearly real reason person practiced instrument simply block problems facts want face act problems exist blocking unpleasant facts problems called denial denial unhealthy important problem
look photographs younger show physical appearance recognize photographs baby notice differences appearance looked wonder baby photographs grew person today body changed ways continue change future growing changing ways body billions tiny living parts called cells cells small seen aid powerful microscope body kinds cells skin cells bone cells blood cells muscle cells kind cell function body grows develops making cells cells existing cell divides cells cells identical cell cells divide information cells directs growth development information partly determines characteristics traits traits called physical traits look shape body color eyes physical traits traits development personality
muscular system holds body upright makes movement body muscles movement contracting relaxing connected directly bones attached bands tough elastic tissue called tendons muscles require strenuous exercise times week stay firm strong exercise smaller weaker muscles atrophy waste arm cast arm weaker smaller cast cast arm muscles special exercises rebuild weakened muscles exercise parts body harder supply muscles extra energy muscles energy nutrients process oxidation process requires oxygen gas found air exercise heart works harder pump blood rapidly body heart blood blood vessels circulatory system cardiovascular system carries nutrients oxygen body cells blood carries wastes produced muscle cells oxidize food wastes returned lungs leave body exhale regular exercise makes heart beat strongly efficiently heart pumps blood beat exercise heart beat pump amount blood body needs
finished exam school feeling energy left illness sleep exercised felt exhausted cases experiencing fatigue fatigue unpleasant feeling tiredness lack energy sleepy tired perform normal activities fatigue caused stress force influence upsetting makes body harder usual body handle mild stress fatigue stress body longer function damage body feeling fatigue lets body continue working present pace stop give body chance rest need rest minutes hours ill feel need sleep getting rest need helps body stay strong healthy kind stress helps body strong healthy stress provided exercise known controlled physical stress physical stress force strains body exercise apply controlled physical stress muscular skeletal systems lungs cardiovascular system period exercise feel pleasantly tired
physical fitness condition body system works efficiently lungs plenty air breath heart beats slowly strongly pump blood body muscles firm strong tired sore maintain posture easily move body freely physically fit look feel physical fitness achieved kinds activities include exercises games sports kinds exercises strengthen muscle groups running strengthens leg abdominal muscles swimming strengthens abdominal chest arm muscles activities strengthen heart lungs begin exercising gradually muscles need adapt activity exercising muscle damage muscles stronger able increase physical fitness need exercises increase strength muscles activities lifting carrying pushing heavy objects require strong muscles gymnastics increases strength muscles exercises increase strength lifting weights pushing bar fixed object resistance weight fixed object requires groups muscle cells fibers repeat exercises muscle fibers grow thicker stronger exercise physical fitness include exercises increase endurance
sound teeth gums promote health influence appearance speak studies show kinds dental problems occur frequently teen times taking care teeth gums help looking contribute dental health future kinds teeth shaped differently kind serves purpose incisors teeth front mouth cut food flat broad shape sharp edge located incisors pointed teeth called cuspids tear food cuspids called canine teeth look fangs dog cuspids bicuspids premolars points tear crush food mouth molars molars large flat cusps projections top molars grind food molars develop mouth wisdom teeth teeth remain gums late teens early twenties called wisdom teeth older supposedly wiser show regardless shape teeth basic structure part tooth called crown covered enamel hardest substance body gum firm tissue surrounds base crown
common eye problems eyes faulty shape eye healthy shape vision problems problems adjusted corrective lenses corrective lenses include glasses contact lenses nearsightedness condition nearby objects seen clearly objects distance blurred nearsightedness occurs longer normal distance front eyeball retina lens focuses light distant objects front retina directly result distant objects blurred corrective lenses nearsighted distant objects clearly distant objects clear nearby blurred condition known farsightedness occurs distance front eyeball retina shorter normal light passing lens nearby objects focuses retina objects blurred farsighted need corrective lenses reading close condition common adults young astigmatism occurs cornea lens eye curved unevenly uneven curve incoming light focus points point result blurred vision nearsighted farsighted person astigmatism condition adjusted corrective lenses glaucoma occurs pressure fluid inside eye builds increased pressure fluid eye eventually blurred vision
street highway place large groups gather exposing risk types accidents simple rules safety help avoid injury half accidents united states happen streets highways died automobile accidents recent million seriously injured statistics include pedestrians bicycle riders automobile drivers passengers pedestrians killed cars recent struck crossing street struck jogging roads streets protect accidents safety rules pedestrians rollerskating skateboarding bicycling need observe safety rules rollerskating skateboarding advisable wear protective clothing wear pads knees elbows protective hat stay heavy traffic crowded sidewalks avoid running cars safety begins keeping bicycle repair sure clearly visible night headlight red taillight reflector bell horn loud heard feet states require reflectors bicycle wheels night wear light colored clothing help drivers cities promote bicycle safety maintaining bike paths alongside streets parks
knowing drugs affect body help wise decisions drugs aspects drug misuse abuse influence decisions addition possibly damaging body mind drug misuse abuse expose set dangers commonly misused abused drugs controlled prohibited substances controlled drug doctor illegal trying buy cigarettes alcohol age buying selling prohibited substance heroin illegal united states drug breaks law risks getting arrested states severe penalties illegal drug obtain drugs illegally risks risks concern drug user relationships health future buying drugs illegally expensive afford cost drugs need especially need buy larger larger amounts result drug abusers commit crimes support drug dependencies start drugs drug abusers enjoy feeling soon develop tolerance drug devote energy finding buying discover share common interest drugs drug abusers lose friends suffer difficulties families
warning surgeon general determined cigarette smoking dangerous health united states law required warning printed package cigarettes based results research effects smoking health research linked smoking increased risk developing lung cancer heart disease health problems continue smoke despite widespread knowledge harmful effects smoking body inhale smoke cigarette smoke enters breathing passages fills lungs organs part respiratory system inhale air enters nose mouth air passes throat breathing tube called trachea base trachea branches passages called bronchial tubes tube leads lungs divides smaller smaller tubes smallest tubes end tiny air sacs alveoli tiny capillaries line walls alveoli oxygen passes walls alveoli tiny blood vessels carried blood rest body blood carries carbon dioxide lungs water carbon dioxide passes alveoli leaves body exhale parts respiratory system protect body harmful matter inhale air cilia tiny hairlike structures line walls breathing passages
develop dependence alcohol called alcoholics condition alcoholic alcoholism affect ages including young alcoholics unable control limit amount alcohol drink alcoholism damage body calories alcohol nutrients health alcoholics frequently suffer condition called malnutrition drink desire nutritious foods alcoholics difficulty planning preparing nutritious meals need alcoholics likely suffer liver disease liver severely damaged alcohol scarred unable properly heavy repeated alcohol damage stomach lining destroy brain cells alcoholism difficulties lives alcoholics frequently productively unable show alcoholics act ways find unpleasant result poor habits uncontrolled behavior alcoholics lose jobs students alcoholics frequently drop school alcoholics experience problems relationships families friends behavior drive difficulties dealing alcoholic families broken friendships lost alcoholism condition builds slowly person develops tolerance alcohol requires alcohol feel effects
manage hospitals clinics nursing homes health care centers called health services administrators health services administrator makes sure workers space equipment center large hospital nursing home chief health services administrator assistants charge parts food service medical workers money small neighborhood clinics administrators run parts health services administrators community help raise money interest residents health program health services administrator need college information career write national health council health careers program broadway york health problems communicable diseases natural disasters national boundaries hunger malnutrition affect large areas problems country solve help solve problems countries joined form international health organizations groups care international red cross voluntary associations worldwide part united nations un supported funds un member nations private contributions largest international health organization un agency called health organization today nations members goal health organization encourage nations improve level health citizens
suburb la capital bolivia ana de works nurse neighborhood health center ana treats suffer diseases caused poor diets impure water lack information health habits nurse ana called trained public health specialist addition treating diseases giving vaccinations ana informs community members proper health practices give person suggestions nutritious foods prepare family emphasize need boil drinking water job nurse ana brings health services community united nations international children emergency fund helps meet needs children money sale greeting cards un support contributions helps fund children food clothing shelter health care education money directly countries money raised governments supplies health care centers vaccines protect children diseases countries children starving supplies food supports education providing machinery tools build schools training programs help doctors nurses health workers provide children health care according studies nearly half inadequate diets un agency called food agriculture organization fao works improve nutrition increase food supplies countries
playing active game friends exercise fun active game friends fun playing remember stretch start playing active game play corner relay find playing area shaped softball diamond square place base corner square distances bases approximately feet steps follow depending size group players divide teams team minimum players team choose base starting position team members line single file base shown illustration group consists teams players line bases directly soon signal begin game player team run base arrows illustration tag corner base foot player run bases tagging corners base returning starting position player tags player line repeat steps player team turn team completes winning team
today victor school teacher ms martinez asked victor tell class victor blond hair blue eyes family moved fort wayne indiana older brother younger sister dogs playing baseball reading books baseball stars roller skating lot teaching sister skate victor told facts special told age told looks likes special features features victor traits trait feature tells special combination traits traits look size shape traits traits ways feel act traits special victor class traits tall thin blond hair blue eyes class traits victor told class facts traits teaching sister skate kind helpful victor traits ways look think feel act traits
personality makes important ways ways needs need person meet satisfy healthy basic needs sara classmates discussing things needs stay healthy sara needs food added needs water steve needs breathe air maria agreed steve needs stay warm added place live food water air shelter things body needs stay alive physical needs physical needs needs need things feel need feel loved need feel close need feel proud needs feelings emotional needs similar emotional needs won prize school spelling contest prize makes feel proud emotional needs children playing feel close feeling close emotional need linda likes aunt deborah talk things places aunt deborah makes linda feel loved feeling loved emotional need stay alive meeting emotional needs happy
change act ways change look feel think traits change want choices satisfy needs ways martin things enjoys martin things ride bicycle ice skate martin things born heart martin change physical trait learned things spends enjoys enjoys building models teaching friends build martin chosen ways act feel bring close martin choices help meet needs traits hard want things want satisfy needs love closeness choices help healthy max walk things swim play ping pong magic tricks tell jokes max chosen cheerful chosen things choices feel
ears nervous system help hear nerves ears pick messages sounds sounds caused air moving makes sound makes air move moving air enters outer ear part ear hear ear ear inside head drawing shows main parts ear moving air enters ear makes parts move nerves ear messages movement brain brain figures messages mean breathe nose takes air smells odors enter nose special nerve cells nose pick odors messages odors brain smelling nose job works tongue help taste food tongue covered hundreds bumps bumps taste buds taste bud nerve cell nerve cells identify tastes food send messages tastes brain foods odors chew nerve cells nose pick food odors cells send messages brain taste mixture taste smell skin sense touch
noticed taller ways growing notice growth happening body needs kinds food help grow heard say eat want foods want foods need eating foods help grow healthy look pictures clifford left ago clifford tiny smaller family dog picture shows clifford looks grown walk dog notice growing grown lot birth growing body gains size making cells body grew small cell smaller grain salt cell turned cells cells cells sixteen cells grew bigger cell cells increasing number cells count body making cells parts body hair nails cells look picture clifford students age size
body needs kinds nutrients food stay healthy eat kinds food foods give nutrients growth help build muscles fish beans eggs milk cheese lean meat plenty nutrients foods give nutrients energy sweet foods bread rice noodles fruit potatoes give energy nutrient energy store meats nutrient butter oil margarine milk nutrient lot energy unhealthy adding extra weight body need nutrients nutrients help bones teeth help eyes blood skin milk fruits vegetables important nutrients nutrient need water body water need water cells need stay alive water foods drink glasses milk glasses juice glasses plain water past grow prepare food home food comes canned dried frozen preparing foods nutritional
think things outdoors run swim skate play ball friends activities fun body activities muscles heart lungs fast hard makes body stronger matter strong tired need rest sleep body stores energy rest sleep sleeping resting energy need martha active walks school plays kickball recess school jumps rope friends activities martha body hard activity makes body hard exercise regular exercise helps body makes heart muscles strong makes lungs able hold air makes blood move quickly cells body blood nutrients oxygen cells quickly quickly carry cells wastes help cells tissues organs need eat balanced diet healthy body need exercise exercise helps body turn nutrients food energy exercise body food
mrs riding bicycle started riding months ago ride miles tired ride miles km bicycling mrs strength months ago longer feeling tired bicycling mrs muscles strong heart strong heart muscle strong heart helps mrs healthy exercising makes heart beat fast makes breathe fast breathe fast lungs hard lungs hard hold air healthy lungs strong heart help body brenda running race running fast muscles lot energy brenda needs extra energy run race muscles energy nutrients food stored body brenda helps body energy needs breathes fast hard breathes extra oxygen oxygen helps brenda stored nutrients muscles brenda energy needs race brenda feel breath body worked hard race breathing fast soon race brenda body need oxygen need breathe fast longer
busy body working asleep body resting stopped working energy awake body working store energy busy body worked hard start feel tired muscles feel sore begin slow start feel sleepy tired feelings help body protect body working hard let body needs rest rest body systems slow energy sitting quietly rest sleeping sleep body brain rest scientists exactly need sleep sleep part sleep days ill things happen body sleep nerve cells active heart slows sleep breathe awake body repairs parts sleep sleep body energy awake active stores nutrients food need energy wake morning feel rested energy need activities
drugs body drugs help feel ill drugs harm health smoke tobacco drink beverages alcohol tobacco drinks alcohol drugs harm health knowing drugs help important choices choices help stay healthy mrs hall drank today caused body drink heart beat faster blood vessels tighten mrs hall feel awake mrs hall drank cup coffee coffee affected mrs hall coffee drug drug substance food body kinds drugs cold pills cough syrup drugs kind drug body drug slow brain blood move faster drugs change drugs drugs help fight illness called medicines suppose illness need medicine help body fight illness sore throat caused bacteria body doctor gave medicine helped kill bacteria doctor orders took medicine
drugs medicines help ill drugs strong effects harm ortega cup coffee breakfast helps wake morning part coffee helps ortega wake caffeine caffeine drug found cola drinks chocolate tea coffee speeds heart nerves parts body drink small amounts coffee damaging health coffee harm drink lot coffee puts caffeine body jittery awake want fall asleep coffee stronger effects smaller bodies age drink coffee franz watching western movie movie drank whiskey tried stand fell walk talk properly laughed acted drug whiskey drug called alcohol alcohol drug found drinks beer wine whiskey drugs found tobacco tobacco filling inside cigarettes cigars smoke tobacco drugs tobacco smoke enter bodies harmful bodies harmful drugs caffeine alcohol found tobacco
drinking alcohol habit try stop drinking ill need alcohol feel normal disease called alcoholism alcoholics drinks lot alcohol alcoholic person young young drink alcohol face greater risk alcoholics small bodies alcohol strong effects alcoholics seldom lead normal lives alcohol drink keeps things lose jobs leave school lose friends alcohol makes act alcoholics end hospitals alcoholics healthy stop drinking drinking alcohol harm parts body harm alcoholics alcohol disease liver weaken heart harm brain person getting nutrients drink lot alcohol healthy lead shorter lives young adults drinking beer wine whiskey decide drinks safe alcohol forget alcohol strong effects young start wonder alcohol tastes decide drinking alcohol grown thing reasons young try drinking alcohol
harmful matter oceans lakes rivers called water pollution trash thrown water water pollution chemicals factories oil ships pollute water wastes animals water pollution polluted water harmful microbes drinking swimming polluted water ill water pollution kill plants animals live water communities clean water communities water treatment plants remove microbes wastes water water safe community communities prevent water pollution communities treatment plants treat wastes houses plants remove solid materials water kill harmful microbes water treated water piped lakes rivers causing pollution noise environment noise pollution noise pollution caused car horn honking loud sirens roar airplanes homes noise pollution caused television sets radios record players turned loud noisy machinery factories noise pollution noise harm health nervous trouble sleeping tired easily sudden noise person heart beat faster noisy place lose hearing permanently
special part health book exercise shows exercises fun easy exercises help feel look help lose weight help heart lungs help relax exercise handbook divided parts stretching individual exercise group exercise cooling exercise minutes exercising help healthy begin exercise program sure check doctor exercises safe doctor person decide exercises exercise begin stretching muscles body stretching muscles helps prevent injured exercise hard stretching exercises playing game sport exercises stretches group muscles exercises stretch order stretch groups muscles stand feet width shoulders put left hand waist raise hand head bend body left shown picture bend feel pull waist hold position seconds
feel act ways needs needs require healthy basic needs needs things body stay alive needs happy understand feelings actions understand needs pam writing story space traveler ship crashed mars trying think things space traveler carry ship stay alive pam realizes space traveler need food eat water drink space traveler need extra clothing materials shelter pam remembers air mars thin space traveler need air breathe pam writes spaceship carrying air tanks space traveler survive rescued story pam satisfied space traveler physical needs physical needs body stay alive healthy basic physical needs pam space traveler satisfy needs food water shelter clothing air order stay alive need feel safe important need happy healthy think danger feel safe relax pay attention schoolwork
feelings needs satisfy needs satisfy needs deal feelings ways deal feelings let show face voice body show feelings ways show feelings act ways acting helping change unhappy feelings healthful ways respond feelings feel needs met stewart homesick feels sad lonely shows feels face looks unhappy body talks voice low quiet paulette test happy excited face broad smile leaning forward eagerly talk friend voice higher usual show feelings ways face shows feel happy proud excited smile puzzled sad frown face shows angry afraid surprised worried voice shows feel sad voice sounds low quiet talk higher louder excited angry entire body shows feelings hold head sad
jane sees tennis ball coming runs meet keeping eyes ball moment swings racket ball flies net jane sharp eyesight quick strong muscles eyes muscles jane tennis player parts body parts body parts body working heart beating lungs stop breathing parts body body working smoothly run legs hard arms swinging help body balance try running moving arms surprised find difficult body cells healthy cells smallest living parts body building blocks body body millions tiny cells cell small microscope hundreds cells fit inside letter kinds cells body bones bone cells skin skin cells kinds cells shapes
celia sitting eat breakfast girls busy ahead school read talk problems school dance class celia going play volleyball girls growing fast hard bodies girls need lot energy today need breakfast started food helps body grow helps body healthy full energy look girls eating breakfast girl eating healthier breakfast think sammy wants build model house build wood cardboard paper kind material needs energy project energy materials sammy build model body needs energy materials needs energy materials cells cell parts body grows making cells replace dead cells repair worn body energy materials parts food parts food body healthy called nutrients nutrients give energy give material build bone cells give material muscle cells body needs nutrients stay healthy foods give nutrients foods rich carbohydrates
shopping grocery store wants food balanced meals sure buy foods nutrient knows nutrients needs wonders foods simple answer question foods belong basic food groups foods group nutrients foods groups nutrients pages shows basic food groups shows servings eat group easily plan balanced meal choosing foods groups foods give important nutrients need food meat group give protein fats food bread cereal group give carbohydrates minerals vitamins carbohydrates fruit vegetable group foods milk group provide vitamins minerals protein fat need food group meal leave food group meal try include meal aaron choosing menu dinner tonight meat aaron easily balanced meal eating meat choose food meat group notice eggs beans nuts peas group meat
finish meal left plate dishes table eat bones chicken peels bananas wastes rid pile live house anymore body rid wastes wastes form parts eat wastes form cells cells nutrients wastes reach cells parts food digest organs body rid wastes organs excretory system organs excretory system found parts body lot wastes pile house set takes cells similar push wastes blood carries wastes cell wastes stay blood leave body wastes strained blood kidneys small bean shaped organs lower size fist kidneys remove extra water blood cell wastes wastes water kidneys liquid called urine urine forms flows kidneys tubes called ureters
mrs feeling trouble keeping mind felt tired night found difficult fall asleep mrs doctor needed exercise body hard put program jogging slow running months mrs began feel exercise improved physical fitness physical fitness body physically fit play harder effort fit body needs exercise stay healthy exercise improves physical fitness ways body strength makes body flexible able bend stretch easily exercise builds endurance endurance ability body tiring exercise builds strength making muscles hard hard makes muscles strong harder muscles stronger exercise makes flexible stretching muscles tendons stretching tissues lets joints bend move freely exercise build heart muscles help breathe endurance exercise longer tired breath football players exercises ready game stretching slow movements stretching damaging muscles tendons ligaments game
conrad run miles km finished heart beating hard face looked flushed felt hot blood flowing faster usual exercise circulatory system harder circulatory system carries cells need part body picks oxygen lungs nutrients small intestine carries nutrients oxygen cells circulatory system takes cells need stay alive carries wastes cells main parts circulatory system blood liquid moves nutrients oxygen wastes place place inside body blood vessels tiny tubes carry blood heart organ pumps blood moving blood liquid filled kinds cells liquid part called plasma plasma pale yellow salty water carries nutrients cells red color blood comes red blood cells red blood cells carry oxygen lungs cells carry carbon dioxide cells lungs white blood cells large cells blood help body fight sickness attack harmful microorganisms blood microorganisms tiny living creatures ill inside body
put finger neck shown picture artery skin heart beats pushes blood artery blood makes artery bulge widen feel artery push skin artery bulges heart beats bulging called pulse doctor count pulse check health doctor counts pulse looking watch tells doctor times minute heart beating age heart beats times minute resting doctor check blood pressure blood pressure hard blood push move arteries arteries narrow clogged blood push harder arteries clogged harder blood push higher blood pressure blood pressure high condition called high blood pressure high blood pressure older high blood pressure caused fatty matter building arteries fatty matter makes space inside arteries narrower high blood pressure person heart harder strain heart lead health problems healthful circulatory system carries food oxygen cells carries cells wastes faster
diseases caused microorganisms called communicable diseases pass person microorganisms move person ill enter person person ill diseases caused microorganisms called noncommunicable diseases pass person person arteries leading heart hard called coronary heart disease keeps person heart working coronary heart disease move person ill noncommunicable diseases unhealthful living habits unhealthful conditions diseases form slowly diseases communicable diseases hand begin suddenly microorganisms enter body multiply increase number microorganisms ill microorganisms attack damage cells directly produce harmful wastes toxins damage tissues microorganisms grow harmful microorganisms live grow places knowing places help avoid ted close harmful microorganisms school passed captain jack seafood restaurant bins restaurant filled fishbones wet garbage bins warm dark inside microorganisms need food water warm dark place order grow multiply need bins captain jack
thousands harmful microorganisms reached ted ted healthy body strong defenses fought microorganisms ted defenses fighting microorganisms moment ted aware sleeping peacefully battle goes ted outer defense microorganisms skin microorganisms reached ted today landed skin harm dead outer skin cells fit tightly microorganisms squeeze reach living cells beneath ted healthful habits help skin job washes hands eating microorganisms hands food drink microorganisms inside ted body today inside school today flu microorganisms entered ted nose mouth ted body defenses openings microorganisms entered mouth destroyed saliva microorganisms reached stomach destroyed digestive juices microorganisms survive person digestive system juices number flu microorganisms entered ted nose half caught hairs nose trapped mucus cilia line nasal passages microorganisms windpipe stuck mucus windpipe
dr gordon peered lisa eyes ears nose throat special instruments look parts instruments shown powerful light built dr gordon looked carefully lisa pupils retina nerves blood vessels covered skin muscle nerves blood vessels body seen diseases nerves blood vessels dr gordon saw signs looked lisa mouth pressed lisa tongue flat piece wood throat lisa throat looked red swollen dr gordon tell lisa infection throat sore throat symptom flu diseases dr gordon wanted information lisa organs look parts hidden inside lisa body dr gordon clues ways dr gordon listened sound lisa heart instrument called stethoscope instrument makes soft sound louder picture shows dr gordon instrument listened lisa heartbeat stethoscope lisa heart sounded normal dr gordon stethoscope listen lisa lungs pressed stethoscope told lisa breathe tapped lisa chest places
area park covered litter yesterday liz wanted clean park told children class felt school liz classmates picked litter liz wanted change unhealthful environment environment healthy act prevent clean pollution environment members community help prevent air pollution act family help air clean community want laws factories letting smoke harmful matter air want laws tell smog alert write letters local newspaper community leaders ask air pollution laws passed community smog alert laws help prevent air pollution obeying laws cars buses trucks put exhaust air family help prevent air pollution car walk ride bicycle asking ride car friends going place ride car cars buses put exhaust air bus carry bus makes exhaust cars
community pass enforce laws cut noise laws tell honk car horns emergencies noise late night community plan build noisy airport factory homes post signs telling quiet hospitals libraries buses help prevent noise pollution obeying community laws signs family cut noise home house televisions radios record players turned low volume carry radio tape player volume low house yard machines quiet hand run lawnmower makes noise power mower hand run mower helps environment healthy ways hand run mower fuel pollute air exhaust running exercise helps healthy help reduce pollution help working community enforce pollution laws instance notice factory polluting environment tell local police call local office federal agency environmental protection agency works track pollution control address telephone number local office listed phone book
exercises help heart lungs stay healthy starting exercises stretching movements exercises hard speed pulse breathing exercising minutes pulse breathing speeded exercise stop rest exercises jumping rope give benefits jogging help jumping rope fun try music steps follow holding jump rope stand feet let arms hang loosely sides start bouncing balls feet rhythm bouncing seconds pick rope place loop rope shown picture straight knees bent head look straight ahead swing rope head jump high let rope pass feet remember land balls feet heels repeat step feel comfortable jumping rhythm try jumping extra bounce rope head extra bounce help jumping rhythm music repeat step feel comfortable rhythm
describe tell look kind clothes wear style hair describe act think feel list words tell look act think feel list traits ways look act think feel personality description personality give person met idea looks exactly combination traits traits unique personality unique fingerprints makes person traits develop traits rid especially age ask questions receive traits parents heredity sum total traits received traits known inherited traits birth obvious later easiest inherited traits recognize contribute look physical traits color hair eyes skin physical traits features face general size shape body
realized growing teenager told going period rapid growth change aware differences body notice grown weighed measured wear clothes fit order observe parts body growing need special microscope powerful tiny living parts body known cells body billions billions cells think body building blocks grow body forming cells body kinds cells shapes perform functions skin cells blood cells bone cells kinds cells body cells building blocks body hold key grow develop kind cell cells parts alike cell body cell membrane membrane holds cell substances food water materials enter cell keeps harmful things
babies born healthy born problems prevent growing developing problems noticeable birth doctors call problems birth defects main birth defects change occurs chromosomes present male parent sperm cell female parent egg cell genes pass traits hair color body size changed genes pass health problems inherited disorders scientists study birth defects understand reasons chromosomes occur environmental change main birth defects months growth development fetus lives protected mother depends mother food oxygen needs fetus depends mother remove wastes scientists substances influence growth development fetus months lives woman body medicines damage fetus development woman doctor person advise safety taking medicines woman medicines asking doctor diseases interfere normal development fetus woman german measles early part fetus development fetus damaged scientists found tobacco alcohol affect fetus
digestive system consists organs break digest food cells process known digestion takes place series small steps think eating apple steps place cells food step digestion occurs put food mouth teeth chew food pieces small swallowed pieces mix saliva slightly sticky liquid produced mouth saliva begins soften food saliva chemicals begin digest starches foods noodles swallow food passes tube called esophagus muscles esophagus squeeze food stomach stomach lined strong muscle tissue muscles allow stomach change size hold amounts food digestive process continues stomach stomach muscles churn food smaller smaller pieces walls stomach produce juices break food called digestive juices food stays stomach hours end food turned thick liquid small amount food absorbed body muscles stomach push thick liquid small intestine narrow tube feet meters adults coiled folded fit stomach
proteins help build repair cells tissues need protein teen rapid growth animal products meat fish poultry milk eggs cheese sources protein plant products nuts kinds beans sources protein body main energy source comes carbohydrates main groups carbohydrates sugars starches foods sugars sugars present fruits honey molasses vegetables milk sugar starches found bread cereal rice noodles foods grains sources carbohydrates potatoes dried beans corn peas fats nutrients supply body concentrated energy fats energy kind nutrient fact ounce fat energy ounce carbohydrate body fats store energy stay warm protect organs fats help skin stay healthy body production chemicals animal products meat fish poultry milk cheese butter fats plant products corn oil soybean oil fat sources oils salad dressings margarine doctors believe eat animal fat fats plants minerals nutrients needed help build strong teeth bones nerves muscles working properly
noticed recent appetite age find eating growing rapidly need food adults food supplies energy need growth energy food measured calories food calories foods large foods calories provide body deal energy energy body stored fat watching weight eat foods high calories food body needs eat friends gain weight hand eat friends thin amount food body needs depends part age sex body build young need extra calories fuel rapid growth studies show boys need calories girls larger person need calories smaller person amount food need depends active burns calories playing tennis dancing hour calories watching tv hour hand calories sleeping body calories breathing maintaining body systems calories
communicable disease caused viruses influenza flu common flu symptoms fever chills headache sore throat coughing muscle aches common type flu infection nose throat air passages flu viruses attack parts body stomach flu upsets digestive system colds flu transmitted droplets breathed air sick person kinds flu days weeks young children flu flu rest stay warm drink plenty liquids flu vaccines help body develop immunity flu viruses immunity lasting doctor tell flu vaccine idea pneumonia infection begins nose throat cases pneumonia begin colds flu spreads lungs pneumonia symptoms include fever noisy breathing coughing chest pain pneumonia caused viruses bacteria affect small large part lungs think pneumonia doctor examine chest find disease today pneumonia treated drugs called antibiotics vaccine kinds pneumonia
allergy means sensitive substance substances bother substances allergies known allergens dust pollen plants food cosmetics medicines common allergens allergies types allergic reactions allergens rashes allergens dust pollen eyes water itch allergens digestive upsets affect respiratory system diseases hay fever asthma allergic allergic sensitive allergens lives allergies worse times heredity believed play part allergies knows exactly allergic substances scientists process works allergic person forms antibodies allergen forms antibodies harmful microorganisms antibodies act body allergic reaction order treat allergy find exactly allergen allergens responsible think allergy want doctor special training allergies order find substance allergic asked record foods eat
label otc drug lists symptoms health problems drug information inside package taking prescription drug doctor tell purpose ask pharmacist include information label drug meant disease purpose label otc prescription drug tells drug amount known dosage label list dosage tablets spoonfuls unit measurement label tell amount drug hour period label otc prescription drug tells drug say dosage times say dosage hours needed relieve specific symptoms medicines dangerous lose effectiveness proper manner label say chew medicine swallowing dissolve pill tablet water tell drug food avoid foods directions otc drug taking prescription drug doctor tell
accident unexpected event injury death careful person live totally free accidents basic safety rules avoid accidents prevent accidents occur causing injury death believe accidents result bad luck accidents assume happen studies show accidents happen follow basic rules safety variety reasons think act safely carelessness major accidents carelessness picking toys books objects floors stairs trip fall children swallow harmful substances adults careless storing substances bicycles cars repair accidents accidents caused rules safety choose ignore making effort act safely chances taking chances invites accidents dangerous cross street red light anyway firecrackers dangerous play anyway baby sitting talk friends telephone watch children care chance increase risk causing accident
fire electricity accidents rules safety die result fires burns seriously injured accidents prevented fires leading death injury home accidents home fires start suddenly warning spread quickly causing burns injuries death common fires home unsafe cooking practices grease bits food stove oven catch fire grease spill pans burner improper fluids start outdoor charcoal fires accidents avoid fires keeping stove oven clean watch food cooking turn handles pots pans edge stove pans knocked pulled follow rules safety charcoal fires lighters matches start fires fires started matches thrown wastepaper baskets blown hot sure matches cool throw lighters matches reach children objects home easily catch fire burn flammable objects include cleaning fluids oily rags aerosol cans products stored heat presence open flames
falls kinds injuries joint twisted fall surrounding tissues damaged kind injury known sprain ligaments connecting bones joint stretched torn tendons connecting bones muscles damaged falls strains strain injury muscle stretched torn easy tell strain sprain falls break bones break crack bone called fracture fracture bone goes skin called compound fracture bone breaks cracks break skin called simple fracture signs broken bone injured part swell arm leg bent unnatural pain skin color injured area sure bone broken assume try straighten broken bone push place moving bone injured part harm standing walking broken leg foot harm call medical help choking occurs piece food object lodges windpipe person choking speak breathe windpipe blocked air enter lungs
health problems caused microorganisms present food water waste materials part local health department task sure food water community safe health department makes sure solid wastes produced community treated prevent diseases spreading protect community health health department checks places food prepared sale public inspects restaurants school cafeterias places food prepared packaged sale health department makes sure milk dairy products prepared proper conditions restaurants need permit health department open health department inspects restaurants periodically health inspectors look dishes glasses utensils floors surfaces clean inspect restrooms sure restaurant free insects animals spread disease check foods handled stored sure foods properly refrigerated restaurant meet standards health department inspectors ask owner corrections health standards met health department close restaurant milk carefully processed microorganisms grow drink contaminated milk ill reason environmental health workers check processes involved getting milk consumer visit dairy farms cows free disease
special part health book exercise shows exercises fun easy exercises help feel look help lose weight help heart lungs help relax exercise handbook divided parts stretching individual exercise group exercise cooling exercise minutes exercising help healthy begin exercise program sure check doctor exercises safe doctor person decide exercises exercise begin stretching muscles body stretching muscles helps prevent injured exercise hard stretching exercises playing game sport exercises stretches group muscles stretch stand legs slightly arms sides gently roll head circle shown illustration roll forward try touch chest chin repeat step roll head opposite direction repeat steps order times lie floor side
end exercising exercises allow body cool slowly exercises cooling stretching cooling exercise fewer times stretching exercise slower exercises cool stand arms sides feet width shoulders raise arms head hands touch shown illustration stretch arms circle downward hands touch front repeat steps times lie arms sides legs slow pedaling motions legs shown illustration pedal seconds lower legs lie flat floor deep breaths stand wall arms sides foot cm wall breathe deeply let air slowly bending knees rest body end position shown illustration let breath begin taking air slowly breathe raise body slowly position step raise arms head
bob bike waited bike important bob wants care bob keeps bike clean keeps safe place important care bob bike important important care important person need care care learn health health condition body mind health ways care bodies think clearly health important health book learn health learn important care going learn book carol camping family family walks swims goes fishing carol needs healthy body likes camping trip think need healthy body ways body healthy body healthy
suppose going birthday party book game gift pick book choice choice decision object action choice objects actions choice objects actions choices health guidelines remember choices choices healthy choices safe choices agree rules family morning ready school choice skip breakfast eat skip breakfast tire easily pay attention class eat healthful breakfast energy listen choose eat breakfast healthful choice playing ball ball goes street run street stop look cars cars coming ball choose stop look getting ball choice safe family rules rule guide decide family rules healthy safe family want hurt suppose live lake family rule lake parents
girl enjoys family family things family family group related love care family live family girl families live house parents sisters brothers grandparents live families small children live parents parents separated divorced parents divorced married anymore children live mother father visit parent family size lives family ways family love shares fun times shares sad times shares shares play families alike families family teaches healthy safe parents help choose healthful foods remind rest show care teeth family rules family rules help stay healthy families let smoke homes want clean air health rules family family rules help safe rule toys left stairs
look mirror big smile smile think makes nice smile look mirror smile teeth teeth smile teeth important look healthy clean teeth help look nice teeth important reasons teeth bones face help shape face look mirror look teeth teeth help speak clearly say word teeth tongue move teeth help say word correctly think lost teeth trouble speaking clearly teeth help break food eat food broken smaller pieces easily swallow small pieces food teeth important teeth appeared baby teeth called primary teeth primary teeth small children twenty primary teeth birthday older grew larger mouth jaw grew larger primary teeth loose began fall feel lost tooth tooth soon larger teeth began primary teeth larger teeth called permanent teeth permanent teeth set teeth
eat small pieces food stick teeth food caught teeth small pieces food form plaque plaque sticky material forms teeth remove pieces food plaque brushing teeth brush teeth brush meal try brush eat sweet look picture shows brush teeth tell brush teeth brush teeth remember lightly brush gums tongue picture shows floss teeth dental floss special thin thread clean teeth wrap dental floss middle finger hand guide dental floss teeth gums scrape sides teeth flossing removes food plaque left teeth brushed flossing removes plaque forms gums removes food plaque stuck teeth floss teeth brushing flossing remove plaque teeth plaque left teeth hard remove dentist dental hygienist cleans plaque teeth teeth cleaned dentist checks teeth cavities cavity hole enamel tooth
skin organ covers body skin helps stay healthy nerve cells skin help feel objects touch skin helps control body temperature skin layers epidermis outer layer skin epidermis cells epidermis dead dead cells falling rubbed skin cells dead cells alive living cells taking place dead skin cells dermis layer skin dermis blood vessels dermis blood vessels carries food oxygen cells skin ways skin healthy need eat foods foods meat group green leafy vegetables skin need sleep skin cells sleep night skin needs clean wash soap water soap break oils skin helps remove dirt trapped oils washes extra oil germs dead skin cells washing soap water removes perspiration perspiration salty waste liquid comes skin perspiration removed dirt germs collect skin skin face needs special care
look physical fitness physical fitness healthy physical fitness condition shape body body condition physical fitness feel tire easily sick sick faster physical fitness muscles need exercise kinds muscles body muscles need kinds exercises exercises put groups kind exercise helps body physical fitness need exercises muscles lift pull push objects muscles strong need muscles strong muscles weak kinds exercises muscles strong answer depends muscles want chinning climbing rope makes arm muscles strong riding horse jogging makes leg muscles strong sit ups muscles stomach strong lie floor bend knees put feet flat floor clasp hands head roll top part body move floor
alison jackie excited ready begin race think feels think happening bodies alison jackie feel stress stress strain tension person body mind girls feel stress wanting win race girls want run fast feels stress feel stress feel stress test school worry clean room friends house worry finish stress room loud noises noise makes tense feel stress skipped breakfast hungry eat feel stress sick stress body stressed working hard kill germs sick body feel stress heart beats faster usual pumps blood quickly body breathe faster usual need oxygen sugar stored body goes blood sugar give energy notice body mouth dry hands feel sweaty muscles feel tight felt
stress healthful suppose family moves neighborhood spend worrying feel stress trying friends stay home stress body running race staying home stop stress soon feel tired heart working hard sugar blood feel stress healthful help stress healthful stop stress makes body tired stress makes heart hard feel stress times stress healthful stay healthy stress healthful karen tries club meetings school getting homework feels stress karen decides limit club meetings homework school reduce stress plan tom going play basketball muscles feel tight feels stress tom begins shake hands arms shoulders relax shakes legs relaxing helps stress rita carlos angry rita goes home feels stress takes walk exercise helps rita feel thomas math
say healthy person teenagers talking bodies function terry keeps track past illnesses pauline aware body presently performing changing ross knows expect body times future knowing body performed changing expect important healthy today health health organization defines health complete physical mental social merely absence disease infirmity words free physical problems necessarily mean healthy mental social considered depressed healthy healthy trouble law read health organization definition realistic experience complete physical mental social health organizaton decided definition century leading death changed united states developed countries look table page beginning century leading death pneumonia influenza tuberculosis diseases caused bacteria viruses known infectious diseases spread conditions favorable bacteria viruses grow
noticed spend free jogging biking playing tennis exercising lets break daily routine boredom keeps physically fit keeping fit means simply exercising muscles prevent injuries muscles heart blood vessels top condition fitness part wellness body movement greatest exercise helps tone muscles strengthen heart understand happens body exercise able choose activities asleep muscles flexed extended sitting desk knee hip elbow joints flexed muscles remain flexed bent position temporarily shorten tighter morning stand sitting body stiff sluggish fast paced activities warm body general specific warm ups recommended sports recreational events chapter wake morning simple stretching movements feel karen sandy athletes enjoy competitive sports recreational activities karen flexible agile coordinated
mother pierre climbed bed morning darling boy joy pierre don care eat don care lovely cream wheat don care don sit backwards chair don care pour syrup hair don care acting clown don care town don care don want dear don care stay don care mother left father head march bed pierre don care think don care head feet don care standing upside don care town don care say care don care let fold folding chair don care parents left didn night began fall hungry lion paid call looked pierre eye asked die pierre don care eat don don care inside don care bother don care mother father
aunt soon nuttel possessed young lady fifteen meantime try put framton nuttel tried say correct thing doubted visits helping nerve cure supposed undergoing sister preparing rural retreat bury speak living soul nerves worse moping give letters introduction remember nice framton wondered mrs sappleton lady presenting letters introduction nice round asked niece judged silence soul framton sister staying ago gave letters introduction statement tone distinct regret aunt continued young lady address admitted caller wondering mrs sappleton married widow room suggest influence tragedy happened ago child sister
crown derby porcelains worth million dollars sister young considered appraisal antique vases twelve sophisticated worth ten thousand challenged knowing full matter thought course grew older talked crown derby porcelains guessing worth estimates descended stratosphere guessed lot money porcelains matching antique vases milky white tone tiny figurines swirling curves folds rested coffee tables center living room visitors remarked beauty porcelains game arrived noticed mom dad fussed vases jewels house lives remember aunt mildred visited pennsylvania didn notice vases notice didn respond properly mom dad plenty say style pennsylvania things say aunt mildred mom talked crown derby porcelains telling passed grandmother valuable
land cycles cycles rain drought heat cold prosperity grinding poverty cycles started sustained timeless rhythms sun clouds wind farmers stepped shelter dugout cabins sod huts cut furrows thin crust prairie soil called american desert marvelous decade ended productive plains seen rain snow heavy winter wheat shoulder high profits wave smiling confidence swept plains bubble ready burst economic crash beginning felt wheat fields overproduction added growing paralysis depression caused prices drop trying pay farms tractors combines farmers increased acreage breaking fields grass ripping thin soil plains marginal acres lining row row seedlings mood uneasy expectation plains tragedy struck late hard freeze terrible hail storms left fields beaten twisted late spring army cutworms took heavy toll grain summer rain fell small amounts moisten tender shoots growing wheat send appreciable amounts water soil
earthquake shook san francisco hundreds thousands dollars worth walls chimneys conflagration burned hundreds millions dollars worth property estimating hundreds millions actual damage wrought history modern imperial city completely destroyed san francisco remains memories fringe dwelling houses outskirts industrial section wiped business section wiped social residential section wiped factories warehouses stores newspaper buildings hotels palaces nabobs remains fringe dwelling houses outskirts san francisco hour earthquake shock smoke san francisco burning lurid tower visible hundred miles days nights lurid tower swayed sky reddening sun darkening filling land smoke wednesday morning quarter past earthquake minute later flames leaping upward dozen quarters south market street working class ghetto factories fires started opposing flames organization communication cunning adjustments twentieth century city smashed earthquake streets humped ridges depressions piled debris fallen walls steel rails twisted perpendicular horizontal angles
mother passed mashed potatoes ludwig asked liechtenstein neutral trouble europe ludwig nodded especially abolished army consisted ludwig oppermann exchange student liechtenstein gotten morning boarded family consists mother father stevenson high sends students liechtenstein gymnasium call high school send liechtenstein square miles mountains located austria switzerland population capital town spelled vaduz pronounced vadoots nearest football field ludwig asked blocks ludwig smiled kicker tapped forehead analytical mind informed exchange student realized loyal liechtenstein ambassador goodwill prepared participate american sports football ted halfback team mother runs daylight leading ground gainer fox valley conference asked autograph ludwig nodded buttered bread played football american version studied game encyclopaedia britannica set town hall
fact mirrors look figured avoid elegant patrician famous infectious smile lips zest dancing liquid brown eyes looking face kind person teachers peer dubiously week week think trying bifocals actually remember think thing fading mascara haven mentioned memorable don recall face forget believe jane jane neville common garden variety high school female fridays privileged associate hugh share table library beautiful smart edits yearbook class rest aim hugh certainly class hugh special exotic kind person someday secret agent course moral scruples case racking nobel prizes cancer cures hugh diamond emerald think fridays sit hugh admire
timeless silence natural fill inkwell dip nib ink spread sheet yellowing desk top begin write felt communicating living young woman wrote helen read letter secret compartment desk wish knew possibly help tell think reach hope beautiful re girl promise true loving helen elizabeth place reach help think maybe dream folded paper put envelopes sealed dipped nib inkwell wrote miss helen face envelope explained felt understand wanted mail letter simply quit examining emotions quit trying rational suddenly determined complete begun able
woman reporter appleton town broad minded put definitely cuckoo crazy strange big town newspapers chicago tribune milwaukee sentinel employed women editorial reportorial staffs known special feature writers conducted question answer columns advice society columns woman pages seventeen appleton crescent found covering regular news beat reporter embarrassed frightened frequently offended offensive enjoyed knowing today wouldn swap half smalltown newspaper reporting college education blank comes latin bound york count fingers eighteen months learned read lay look veiled faces learned sketch human beings rapid words learned observe remember learned short rules writing town scourge dollars week earned morning found desk rich commanding sound hasten add desk shaky pine table darkest smallest dustiest corner dark small dusty room constituted crescent editorial department
stood thousands night morning began line border let militia burned prairie ahead miles nation grass clearer smoke sneaked hiding scrub oaks draws killing due crawled staked land stood ready shoot fair square run knew piece wanted freighters trail marked deep ruts led straight found trail overgrown creek ran land prairie rolled blackjacks miles section water suppose elms persimmons cottonwoods grove pecans noticed riding range riding range quick mental note stray bits managed piece yancey cravat past ten clock crowd nervous restless hundreds followers payne boomers payne colonies driven
dad tall large head jowls herbert hoover collar longer slim passed hundred pound mark early thirties left times resort railway baggage scales ascertain displacement carried assurance successful gentleman proud wife proud family proud business accomplishments dad gall divided parts ability poise front walk factory works germany pierce arrow plant country announce speed production fourth reason children twelve convinced mother teamed sure success dad practiced preached impossible tell scientific management company ended family began office full children took twelve business trips frequently tag side pencils notebooks hands dad toured factory hired efficiency expert hand house montclair jersey sort school scientific management elimination wasted motions motion study dad mother named
series fever hit saint louis big normal activities standstill afternoon game campus immune excitement faculty members smuggled radios offices listen series broadcast play play lucky able seats professors instructors students alike shamelessly cut classes attend game mixed typical crowd baseball fans jammed stadium surprising number staid professors witnessed baseball game turn century elderly dean astonished find rooting shouting undignified manner king kelly hero series connected university teaching fellow vernon simpson enjoyed rest vernon pitched opening game won handily york vengeance blasted poor hooper runs explosive inning score tied game series moved york record crowd vast york stadium vernon stifled big city won game giving saint louis lead yorkers staged seventh inning uprising expense erickson pulled games
tallest mountains himalayas extend fifteen hundred miles southern asia places range hundred miles wide sprawling desolate region lie wilderness valleys towering peaks seldom visited humans fertile valleys choked dense jungle dotted farm clearings farther climate grows cold finally filled snowcapped peaks sharp ridges precipitous cliffs high country himalayas foot elevations elements harsh wind blows bitter cold stirring white snow boulders think inhospitable large creatures exist giant footprints numerous occasions mountaineers discovered walking colonel exploring slopes mount everest highest peak reported unidentified footprints later climber reported seen prints elevation feet tracks led uphill vanished boulders russian soldiers reported shooting killing creature mountain country polish soldier escaping russian concentration camp making himalayas crossed tibet encountered distance hundred yards humanlike creatures estimated feet high massive arms square heads thick coats brown fur
country ireland poverty unrest crops bad hungry children starving death britain ruled land london seat government lawmakers parliament heard rumors complaints dismissed impatiently irish felt unruly troublesome complaining lot parliament help deal matters worse parliament passed notorious land laws laws protect big landowners required tenant farmers pay rents promptly thrown land cruelly hard irish farmers rented land poor buy crops farmers pay left crops bad faced starvation land laws couldn hope crop land cultivate leadership charles stewart parnell banded form national land league kind farmers union joining farmers hoped persuade parliament pass stringent laws lawmakers group tenants estate earl erne county mayo western part ireland unable pay rents
rebecca abigail bates teenagers massachusetts war story fiction based fact becky bates shielded blue eyes gazed harbor distance town scituate massachusetts lay sparkling september sun don understand couldn becky declared stay help mother sister abigail pointed mother didn need help becky stamped foot sound coarse sand cedar point father return town sunset start beacon lighthouse abigail reminded chance british girls stared quiet waters scituate harbor wreckage forget looked june terrible months ago british raided scituate redcoats sailed harbor turned inferno burning ships british wouldn dare becky stated boldly soldiers stationed lighthouse soldiers today abigail quick say father uneasy feeling gripped becky abigail american troops restless months idleness begun spend days harbor scituate girls father unhappy careless attitude regiment
friend orlando celebrated detective missing days worried street seen strolling home dental office mulling molar extraction performed familiar voice cried dr trotting street times glanced suspected friend dash inside stand guard re asked pretzel vendor monkey mysteriously vanished building stood resolutely street alert pretzel vendor monkey minutes crept didn return wondering door building opened tall lean friend short squinty eyed fellow wearing slouch hat suspended shoulder strap large wooden toolbox bearing sign proclaiming max knife sharpener boldly addressed voice dr presume pretzel vendor seen sir demand identity location friend orlando gave sharp look smiled slyly tell
month arrived africa took friend suggestion called dr leakey curator natural history museum nairobi heard told audience later shy contacted dr leakey anthropologist searching skeletal remains early human beings jane talked offered job museum accepted exciting dynamic tremendous impact students dr leakey invited jane wife mary expeditions olduvai gorge serengeti plains tanzania worked hours hot sun sifting sorting dirt looking bone fragments tools broken bits small thing clue early humans evenings dr leakey talked jane chimpanzee animal found africa equatorial forest regions told interested learning behavior group chimpanzees living lakeshore dr leakey asked jane try study believe qualifications believe knew interest animals passing phase dr leakey assured jane wanted patience understanding mind full scientific theories
matilda agree unfortunate child names worse matilda eliza agatha father mother died shortly born brought exclusively aunts energetic women monday matilda taught algebra arithmetic aunt aggie tuesday biology aunt beattie wednesday classics aunt cissie thursday dancing aunt friday essentials aunt effie saturday french aunt florrie friday alarming matilda knew aunt effie decide essentials cooking washing boiler making girl need nowadays aunt effie rightly observed sunday matilda worn thanked stars seventh aunt gertie left foreign parts threatened teach geology grammar able liked poor matilda entirely free aunt gertie seventh birthday received poem wishing written pink paper decorated silver flowers signed gertrude isabel jones niece affection terrible disadvantage poems pretty wishes invariably true
sally ride ten idea someday grow america woman astronauts fact asked wanted want play shortstop los dodgers sally collected baseball cards knew batting average player national league major league baseball didn possibility girl athletic sally father mother talked taking tennis lessons twelve hated trade baseball bat tennis racket wasn started win tournaments sport tennis fun started winning sally remembers soon row trophies replaced box baseball cards tennis star billie jean king replaced dodger shortstop maury wills sports idol sally interested space program astronaut john glenn orbited earth mercury space capsule sally ten remembers launch splashdown happened yesterday girl memorize batting averages space fan quickly learned nasa astronaut date launch number spacecraft freedom skylab
lots pets rich bess pets big live room don pat laugh sounds lot pets room guess bess nice pet fine let walk beach pat maybe find shells shells don pets bess nice pat knows find beach pat bess took hand walked shells sand wet gleam bess handed pat shells started clean sand gleam feel smooth pat team find shells clean bess shells pat hand pat started clean wait look snail shells bess pat feel shells think snails living bess started laugh finding pet wasn hard didn need rich needed team team pat
lunchtime storm clambering sky surging changing course sun covered cricket match interrupted rumbles thunder mixed echo traffic north road traffic stayed village green thunder hovered edge summer afternoon paid attention cricket ball flashed inky cloud bank bright ball air runs quickly children ran fast dropped catches bowled wildly crossed field laughed shouted knew match respite sooner later rain fall torn comforting hilarious company face storm night clock upper edges thunder clouds touched sun light disappeared color left green children shirts paled grass faded scarlet cricket ball brown faces looked nervously meet blackness pretended ignore blackness faded deep gray mist rain playing cricket lightning william brown bright thread ran clouds miles cried william girl put bat going home shouted ran children left field player snatched bat game
morning want gang huddled miss barnes shop green searching pro field father professor hearing odd storm born curiosity shown interest ridiculed pro leaving green commonplace professor things commonplace william thinking night found pro hunting realized cast hunted feverishly rest children arrived degrees hunted precious lost odd curious professor wanted belong pro happened belong professor belonged freddie arrived hunted saw green believe picked ask pro treated half present addressed pick william asked freddie william friend green eyes met william blue truth flashed plain clear william blushed
lived days professor desk getting dusty mrs jackson forbidden clean room slipped professor london leave things found complained bitterly feel criminal paperweight london wednesday forgot mrs jackson carried saucer milk duster felt sure poor thing starving cold shriveled hard terribly heavy picked papers blew room gathered dropped top hurry settled rocking fro short round uneven piece lead shame letting die mrs jackson dusting suppose blame poor biting dirty dead thing lying house touched milk green children met daily impatience grew bounds harassed pro father days want keeping find quick let going london pro wednesday professor forgot
brought mrs jackson carrying professor supper tray study professor interested wished mrs jackson listen stories fat smelly spaniel mrs jackson putting tray professor remembered fuss professor lifting cover looking approvingly fish mrs jackson cooked mrs jackson handing professor napkin professor say added spreading napkin knees hedge og mrs jackson brought kitchen stairs mrs jackson disgust professor chair left room carrying cover supper warm heard stumping stairs arrived kitchen holding hedgehog hands rapt contented expression face professor noticed feet spaniel wriggling protesting professor absent treading tail false shut drawer spent night table professor bed things emptied pockets
vicky facing deliberate fatal words delivered vicky thread hope optimism drew pair eyes darkening sky haunted outdoor told told vengeance professor terrible liked guess eventual fate horror overshadowed loss treasure friend pushed endurance left pursuit terrible revenge children filed study left house courage tell mrs jackson happened upstairs later found crumbs lying cake plate glasses cups scattered points room professor window wide open mrs jackson closed sharply cold night air silly children grumbled object drives fairly mind glad numbered put museum nice healthy professor supper supposed visit friend forgotten home later telephone rang professor
ball freddie father handing unharmed freddie speechless surprise bust mom say dad weeks ago working railway line freddie knew wondered mom knew told pretty silly thing bringing ball play line wouldn thought foolish kid walking look home meet saturday proper talk going saturday freddie tears failed draw slowly flowed cheeks told father school freddie mom night heart heavy night fred school didn imagine saw light window thought norma brought fred home early opened door kitchen freddie sitting armchair dad sitting pot tea table steaming fur gleaming golden sphere lay
ago american astronauts walked moon pictures showing planet earth beautiful blue white ball shining moon sky seen millions miles earth appeared small earth planets solar system group planets revolving sun sun compared planets solar system huge body gases diameter distance middle times earth sun giant heating lighting plant heat light entire solar system planets revolve sun paths called orbits planets stay orbits due opposing forces force gravitational attraction pulls planets sun force centrifugal force pulls planets sun forces balance earth revolves sun days moves average speed miles kilometers complete revolution marks addition revolving sun earth rotates spins axis imaginary line center earth north pole south pole complete rotation marks hours rotation earth brings night half earth exposed light sun
clock noon living clock noon side earth true earth rotates axis degrees longitude hour sun rises st louis located west longitude philadelphia located west longitude enjoyed hour daylight set clocks sun directly overhead marking clock noon high noon meant hundreds times marked towns cities places miles observing slightly times avoid problem times countries agreed set standard zones prime meridian running greenwich england starting point meridian called standard meridian zone set prime meridian center zone extended degrees east prime meridian degrees west degrees zones set total complete circle traveling east greenwich hour later zone means clock greenwich clock paris france zone traveling west hour earlier zone
strange scientists believe continents moving moved past idea accepted past twenty centuries wondered continents looked separated pieces large puzzle south america africa looked fit francis bacon english scientist thought early benjamin franklin curious idea german scientist alfred wegener suggested theory idea explain similarities shapes continents wegener concluded continents part single landmass claimed super continent known pangaea broke pieces drifted formed present continents scientists disagreed wegener proved parts theory wrong main problems idea continental drift explain huge landmasses move reason idea accepted scientists fields discoveries supported theory continental drift similar fossils extinct animals uncovered continents suggested landmasses connected animals existed similar rock formations found south america africa north america europe
part united states lies north arctic circle part lies south tropic cancer part lies middle latitudes combination variations altitude locations give united states climates united states areas major climate groups conterminous united states east rocky mountains climate greatest north south west rockies elevation important influence alaska climates hawaii small variations due elevation exception southern florida southeastern united states moist mild winter climate includes area roughly south ohio river east plains summers hot humid rain falls heaviest summer growing season grow crops lasts months southern florida tropical moist climate coldest month january temperatures average area growing season lasts north ohio river east plains moist cold winter climate south lakes summers hot winters month average high temperatures rainfall averages inches centimeters regular rain assures drought free growing season lasting months
country anglo american cultural region canada north conterminous united states united states bounded east atlantic ocean west pacific north canada arctic ocean canada largest country terms land area occupies square miles square kilometers north america land area canada large europe miles kilometers newfoundland east vancouver island west distance ellesmere island north southern ontario miles kilometers country immense size canada small population population numbers million half population mexico tenth population united states percent canadians live miles kilometers southern border northern half country harsh climate largely wilderness forests tundra large majority canadians european ancestry nearly percent british descent britain canada received cultures system government canada considered part anglo american region large number backgrounds importantly nearly percent canadians french ancestry canada nation cultures ways
mexico belize costa rica el salvador guatemala honduras nicaragua panama form subregion latin america subregion located united states continent south america physically subregion part continent north america map area looks tilted funnel large end funnel north west small end south east subregion sweeps southeast direction border united states north border colombia south pacific ocean west gulf mexico caribbean sea east distance large end funnel small end miles kilometers large end northern border mexico distance miles kilometers narrowest part small end funnel central panama distance miles kilometers pacific ocean caribbean sea population country country place place single country mexico city largest urban center subregion largest cities parts northern mexico populated areas belize population density square mile square kilometer el salvador square mile land square kilometer
cape piece land sticks water body larger land area reason capes special importance sailors avoid cape horn southernmost part south america centuries inspired fear respect sailors cape actually part south america part horn island south larger island tierra del antarctica southerly areas cape named dutch navigator named island hometown place amsterdam netherlands waters cape horn cold filled icebergs especially days wooden sailing ships going cape horn considered test sailing skill late clipper ships york san francisco cape horn days took days trip due bad weather ships fell victim terrible storms cape things written cape horn famous found poem samuel taylor coleridge called rime ancient mariner names sailors gave places cape horn show feelings area nineteenth century map notes false cape horn desolate cape obstruction sound hope inlet
french republic forms hexagon shaped country lying western edge europe covers area smaller size texas france separated britain english channel la known france france south east plateaus mountains thirds flat low rolling hills north west france climate influenced directions atlantic ocean west mediterranean sea south landmass europe east major mountain chains france form natural boundaries nearby countries southwest pyrenees mountains form border france spain east alps separate france italy groups mountains high peaks feet meters mont blanc french alps feet meters sea level highest peak northwest europe chains mountains vosges jura mountains lie france border switzerland west germany lower alps rounded rhine river separates france west germany east south central part france massif central high plateau ancient mountain system worn massif central alps meet mediterranean sea riviera
small countries places smallest referred postage stamp countries refers tiny size points fact countries earn lot income sale postage stamps collectors europe postage stamp countries andorra liechtenstein monaco san marino vatican city small tiny population fascinating andorra sits high mountains france spain area square miles square kilometers population country consists rugged mountains deep valleys foreign affairs defense andorra handled france spain president france bishop de spain princes andorra andorra present borders today favorite spot tourists rest europe enjoy beautiful scenery historic buildings including churches dating country liechtenstein monarchy prince ruler reason official liechtenstein country square miles square kilometers land population lies alps switzerland austria liechtenstein set independent
original settlers arab west berbers migrated nile basin thousands ago area invaded turn phoenicians romans vandals byzantines arabs turks finally french maghreb italians libya phoenicians based present lebanon founded cities northern coast africa carthage modern tunisia powerful carthage empire controlling area libya southern spain carthagenian expansion brought conflict roman empire nearby italy rome defeat carthage roman rule imposed north africa ruins roman buildings seen places rome empire declined north africa fell control germanic vandals byzantines finally arabs groups control north africa arabs greatest term influence arabs based arabian peninsula brought islam arab language north africa turkish ottoman empire controlled region culture north africa remained arabic turkish arab west share written version arabic language common speech varies place place variation language called dialect arabic spoken morocco varies spoken libya
interesting aspects middle east major religions developed religions judaism christianity islam geographers note cultural diffusion religions spread major influences millions judaism oldest religions religion ancient hebrews leader abraham major religion teach god scholars believe hebrews accepted idea god hebrews built jerusalem capital site temple christianity major religion develop middle east based teachings jesus christ jesus hebrew born town bethlehem present israel grew town nazareth studied sacred writings jews learned prayers hebrew language traveled palestine preaching taught truly sorry sins trust god forgiven jesus put death romans city jerusalem reason city considered holy christians followers jesus called disciples death jesus spread teachings middle east greece roman empire permitted practice christianity
south sahel countries west east africa west central africa area forms arc atlantic coast senegal east nigeria south zaire west africa lies lake chad atlantic ocean subregion lies southern part called bulge africa part continent sticks atlantic ocean countries west africa nigeria benin togo ghana upper volta ivory coast liberia sierra leone guinea guinea bissau senegal gambia islands cape verde central africa includes zaire block countries zaire nigeria congo central african republic gabon cameroon equatorial guinea island country sao tome west central africa share climates landscapes coast atlantic low marshy harbors coast land gradually rises high plateaus area descended bantu speaking moved ago recent times europeans left imprint cultures economies countries west central africa contrasts largest populations richest mineral resources largest countries nigeria zaire countries part survive subsistence farming sale exports general west africa central africa
population growth rate expanding countries concerned growing size populations countries concern population growth rate declining countries soviet union average annual growth rate soviet union percent rate dropped percent parts soviet union growth slowed rate percent soviet industry located western part country growth practically standstill experts believe area experiencing population decline region soviet union shown general increase population growth rate area caucasus region population growth rate times greater national average caucasus region asian russian descent soviet government reluctant encourage soviet asian workers move european oriented industrialized areas want stay homelands makes lack mobility soviet union limited national growth concerns soviet officials growing population needed healthy economic growth takes build factories manufacture goods purchase products limited growth soviet union put labor short supply meant fewer consumers buy goods
geographers data depend able jobs past gathered data walking area studying drawings saw drew maps modern technology greatly changed geographers jobs gather data subjects studied space probes moon planets opened fields study space space mapping satellites circle earth allow geographers study broader areas greater detail allow gain perspective earth cameras satellites pictures move space photogrammetry aerial photography studying measuring earth photogrammetry detailed maps record earth surface pictures air help show land plan development urban areas help geography today infrared photography infrared photography recording thermal radiation film cameras mounted airplanes satellites pictures earth surface show images seen regular pictures person looking infrared photograph forest area tell trees healthy
mars small rocky planet half size earth completely covered deserts seas flowing water earth entire planet appears red color recently scientists study mars looking earth based telescopes space probes closer look scientists saw close range pictures mars earth mariner space probe launched photographs showed parts mars cratered landscape moon showed areas deserts earth mariners rocketed past mars temperature measurements photographs later mariner orbited mars mapped entire surface planet probe revealed parts mars clearly visible earth scientists able learn deal mars photographs mariner showed enormous mountains larger earth martian volcano called olympus mons miles kilometers high highest mountain earth mount everest miles kilometers high photographs revealed things mars large cracks planet surface cracks enormous width depth called valles marineris measures miles kilometers wide miles kilometers deep
scientists agree earth formed oceans atmosphere earth changed planet earth grew hotter hotter sources heat compression radioactive minerals bombardment showers meteors radioactive minerals natural substances give energy heat meteors produce heat friction impact feel nail hit hard times hammer earth hot volcanoes erupted bringing hot liquid rock lava hot gases surface gases contained vast amounts steam turned water slowly filled oceans fresh water salt find ocean waters carried rivers billions rivers dissolved salt rocks flowed atmosphere surrounds earth today includes nitrogen oxygen gases free combined elements remaining gases argon carbon dioxide helium water vapor atmosphere varies amount weather climate present mixture scientists think earth original atmosphere believe original atmosphere volcanoes mixture gases erupts volcanoes mixture half water vapor large amounts carbon dioxide sulfur gases free oxygen forms earth today need free oxygen
talking elements minerals fact substances compounds compound substance consisting elements chemically combined unlike mixture compound properties entirely unlike elements composed water compound formed hydrogen oxygen water certainly mixture hydrogen oxygen room temperature water liquid hydrogen oxygen gases salt compound elements sodium chlorine sodium chlorine poisonous eat salt safely food examples mineral quartz sand composed mineral galena ore lead quartz compound elements silicon oxygen galena compound lead sulfur mixture chemical elements individual elements properties recognized color odor taste elements mixture present proportions separated easily physical means picking separating light heavy dissolving soluble magnet remove magnetic elements compound elements lose individual properties element present definite ratio elements weight known law definite proportions elements compound separated chemical means
modern geology real beginnings scotch geologist james hutton explained doctrine uniformity process called uniformitarianism hutton geologists believed physical features earth mountains canyons formed sudden spectacular events called catastrophes view catastrophes caused birth mountains formation canyons creation waterfalls general origin landforms scenery continents james hutton ideas field studies conclusion present key past meant geologic processes operating earth active past present physical features earth formed geologic processes operating periods according hutton canyon river valley formed sudden splitting earth crust formed slow steady wearing land hutton river running canyon thousands thousands today hutton principles geologists explain origin rocks geologists noted erupting lava hardens rocks similar rocks found places earth noted sands clays sea lake bottoms harden rocklike materials
hillside stripped trees shrubs loses protective covering single heavy rain erode miniature stream valley surface valley likely shaped tributaries running rain ends river disappear tiny valley remains valley called gully gullies grow length width depth rains term erosion mean wearing land source head gully stream valley erosion makes gully longer gully grows length depth cut water table permanent stream tributary gullies river system born river systems originated similar fashion deserts rains rain hard desert cloudbursts regions soft clay beds gullies form early explorers found regions hard travel called badlands known badlands united states south dakota north dakota nebraska high land separates gully river valley called divide river tributaries called river system drainage basin watershed river includes land rainfall runs river directly tributaries
geologists studied movement glaciers driving rows stakes ice side valley observe positions stakes regular intervals learned small valley glaciers move centimeters parts greenland glacier move rapidly meters learned glaciers move rapidly center sides sides friction valley walls holds seen glaciers move faster winters heavy snowfall faster steep slopes gentle faster summer gravity glaciers move exact manner motion known explanation bottom ice melts pressure rolls forward bit water explanation ice depths meters flows wax pressure studies shown upper ice glacier approximately meters thickness brittle bottom layers ice flow slowly brittle zone ice cracks moves faster part cracks called crevasses extend width glacier alpine glacier flows slowly downhill moves lower warmer levels glacier shrinks steadily melting evaporation ice moves faster melts glacier continues move forward advance
streams glaciers wind waves agents erosion theatre operations waves operate shorelines land meets water waves oceans begin ocean wave rhythmic rise fall water surface ordinary waves seashore wind waves undersea earthquakes moon rhythmic rise fall call tides tides kind wave don think waves wind driven waves illustrate energy sun erodes surface earth sun heats atmosphere winds winds blow steadily surface oceans lakes friction creates ripples ripples grow waves drive shore energy winds size waves depends things speed wind length wind blows fetch length open water wind blows steadily ocean waves rarely reach height meters hurricane winds created waves meters high blowing hours fetch kilometers shorter fetch lake waves high ocean waves wave passes water water surface rises falls height wave difference high point crest low point trough
samples sea water surface simply scooped bucket samples deeper water obtained nansen bottles nansen bottles special metal cylinders ten twenty bottle fastened measured point strong wire wire lowered sea desired depth trap sea water bottles messenger weight dropped wire strikes bottle releases catch bottle turns upside valves close water inside trapped bottle releases messenger weight trips bottle chain reaction continues bottle line tripped line hauled water samples depths measure salinity sample sea water evaporating dryness method slow accuracy easy nowadays oceanographers instrument called salinometer measure salinity easy instant readings highly accurate salinometer minerals dissolved sea water conductor electricity mineral matter water conducts weighing minerals oceanographers measure sea water conductivity salinometer compare result table standard measurements sample salinity salinity ocean waters averages
sediment sea floor comes land rivers glaciers waves winds bring gravel sand silt clay materials settle continental shelves reach continental slope turbidity currents carry farther continental rises abyssal plains deposits turbidity currents found floors submarine canyons sediments land found farther sea boulders greenland antarctica carried hundreds kilometers sea icebergs layers ash pumice deposited mid ocean island volcanoes dust lands volcanic eruptions carried parts ocean wind sea floor continental slopes covered fine grained sediments include main kinds materials kind organic tiny shells skeletons plankton kind material inorganic mainly tiny bits clay quartz mica rock minerals sediments soft slimy called oozes percent shell material called red clays plankton shells lime calcium carbonate silica silicon dioxide plankton organisms lime forming oozes mainly lime shells called calcareous oozes cover half entire ocean floor shells oozes tiny marine animals called
scientists discovered radio waves coming earth outer space origin mystery soon learned waves directions included sun planets milky dark areas heavens empty telescopes light early science radio astronomy born radio astronomy study radio waves outer space purpose find kinds heavenly bodies radio waves unlike light rays radio waves pass clouds fine dust lie stars radio waves bring information parts heavens receive light radio waves space pass clouds received night discoveries radio astronomy dark areas sky empty vast clouds hydrogen atoms astronomers draw maps heavens show strength sources radio waves space radio telescopes collect concentrate radio waves outer space glass lenses mirrors radio telescopes giant antennas collect radio waves feed special receivers receivers record direction strength wavelength signals received metal saucer dish nearly meters diameter antenna radio telescope jodrell bank england
month moon passes earth full moon phase eclipse moon month moon orbit earth orbit plane moon orbit angle degrees earth orbit reason full moon earth shadow eclipse moon enter earth shadow eclipse occurs moon distance earth earth nearly times wide moon moon goes center eclipse total nearly hours average total eclipse moon occurs weather clear entire nighttime half earth earth completely dark earth atmosphere acts lens bends sunlight result moon completely blacked dusky red coppery color earth moon casts cone shaped shadow space moon reach earth perigee moon nearest earth apogee moon farthest reach tip moon reaches earth maximum width touches earth kilometers wider course
captain ship mid ocean pilot flying atlantic locate plane position boundaries states defined towns find location noting streets meet streets countryside oceans geographers ago set location scheme earth sets imaginary streets created set ran north south north pole south pole streets called meridians longitude set ran east west earth streets called parallels latitude streets circles half circles run surface globe call meridians parallels imaginary real drawn maps charts city street runs north south part meridian street runs east west part parallel ocean imagined system latitude longitude starts earth north pole south pole circle drawn earth exactly halfway poles circle called equator divides earth northern hemisphere southern hemisphere define latitude latitude distance north south equator measure latitude distances equator marked circles called parallels
points parallel latitude equal solar energy temperatures earth surface material water land warm cool differently water warms slowly land reasons water sun rays depth meters land sun rays heat top centimeters soil water spreads heat moving land water needs energy land raise temperature amount solar energy evaporating water leaves solar energy warm water land water cools slowly land reasons heat spread larger amount material warm water surface water poorer conductor heat land reasons water land latitude reach temperatures sunny summer dry beach sands warmer nearby water night sands colder larger scale continents warmer nearby ocean waters summer winter continents colder nearby waters unlike water land kinds surface materials absorb sun rays dark soils rocks absorbers light colored dry ground warms faster wet ground
cambrian period period paleozoic era rocks fossils fossils marine trace land animals found cambrian rocks plants included seaweeds algae animals included kinds invertebrate backbone sea animals known today shells fossilized died common animals cambrian seas trilobites thousands kinds crablike animals centimeters common animal cambrian tiny shellfish looked clam species exist today sponges small snails lived cambrian seas large part north america flooded salt water period believed half continent covered inland seas lot sediment deposited seas later sediments hardened sedimentary rocks millions fossils seas teemed trilobites snails nautilus today abundant extinct marine animals carbonized remains look thick pencil lines shales found clams corals appeared earth vertebrates animals backbones appeared period primitive fishes called fossils found colorado wyoming
dinosaurs appeared triassic period word greek means lizard dinosaurs terrible lizards largest triassic dinosaurs meters periods monsters developed terrible lizards dinosuars flesh eaters carnivores plant eaters herbivores famous meat eaters tyrannosaurus rex largest tyrannosaur full growth meters weighed tons stood meters high hind legs razor edged teeth stood centimeters gums carnivorous dinosaurs lived mesozoic era tyrannosaurs cretaceous period allosaurus famous flesh eater lived jurassic period types plant eating dinosaurs armored dinosaurs horned dinosaurs duck billed dinosaurs famous armored dinosaur meter stegosaurus armor included rows bony plates stretched tiny head spiked tail lizard foot largest land animals lived apatosaurus diplodocus apatosaurus brontosaur thunder lizard meters stood meters high legs weighed metric tons diplodocus neck total length reached meters heaviest dinosaurs weighed metric tons stegosaurus apatosaurus diplodocus lived jurassic cretaceous periods
cenozoic era mammals common mammals warm blooded animals nurse young skin covered fur hair primitive mammals appeared triassic period entire mesozoic era progress cenozoic era opened mammals small animals resembled woodchucks small monkey mammals called monkeys related mammals impressive group let developed cenozoic era mammals appeared epoch tiny rodents resembled modern mice squirrels small flesh eating animals called resembled modern cats looked modern dogs plant eaters called addition anteaters opossum woodchuck animals existed mammals small largest size small bear today mammals appeared pygmy sizes horse large large cat pygmies included rodents lemurs monkeys rhinoceroses small camels appeared north america mammals live sea ancestors modern whales porpoises mammals fly modern bats epoch pygmies grew camels horses rhinoceroses developed larger species europe apes resembling gibbons developed
linda books jim books linda big books big books fun jim books books fun books big books books fun pedro big book pedro reads big book big book helps pedro pat book pat reads book book helps pat pedro reads big book pat reads book big book helps pedro book helps pat pat big book pat reads big book jim reads big book pat reads jim jim cooks big book helps jim jim fun jim reads pat pat cooks big book helps pat pat fun pat reads jim jim reads pat pat jim cook book helps pat jim don big book bears book don sees bear don sees big bears bears book don reads book don reads pat jim pat reads book pat sees bears book jim reads book jim sees bears book bears book don reads pat reads don jim jim reads books fun bears house big bears cook big bears cook house bear house cook
rand called beautiful night softball called night perfect play windy dark clouds chased evening sun bed early dust air wind threw tumbleweed sagebrush softball diamond rustled trees making howling noise teams appeared menacing weather fans teams pre game practice anxious game underway storm hit according clyde weather rand players thunderheads forming thirty miles looked concerned strange clouds forming directly center field didn say willie took mound lobbed pitches plate motioned umpire ready batter stepped promptly slammed pitch rand rand scooped tossed tommy easy hitter laced ball past clyde playing close leaping frog raced speared ball throwing hand quick motion fired base runner steps hitter lofted high fly matt center field quickly order top
monk glennie playing catch side lawn firehouse scho caught sight seventh graders monk wearing catcher mitt lean easily sidewise leg lifted throwing hand grass lob white ball straight sunlight glennie shield eyes left hand ball fell past snag dart glove burn ball straight monk spank round mitt sit apple plate monk flipped hand negligent flick hanging arm gave glennie fast grounder going kind slow mannered luxurious dance sun faces perfectly blank entranced glennie noticed scho dawdling side street called hello scho crossed stood front edge lawn apple tree watching glove asked glennie scho obviously give easy grounders scho don burn em glennie moved formed triangle passed ball minutes monk tossing easy grounders scho scho throwing glennie glennie burning monk
boy looked surf perfect farther ocean calm bulging ground swell neared shore broken huge started ragged lines swelled surged rising rising sea rising sweep entire sandspit moment brilliance gasp waves broke explosion white deep resounding sound tide think father think re careful boy surf thing worry keeping wave re riding don father boat pretty flimsy wave break pieces fix easy pretty rough don think hard handle boat surf try tell tried don father tricky wouldn want happen mother forgive let happen happen swim don happen capsized matter scared
miranda mother waved cake cutter air emphasis laid slice pumpkin pie front mother mother home dad wanted live miranda father agreed plenty room house house re grandma won worry taking care things laundry marketing cleaning paying rent miranda began swaying front legs chair wondering mother difficult hard fit eliminate household tasks obligations grandma family miranda counted expected things complicated grown miranda stop swinging chair mother put interrupting saying wasn swinging chair miranda grumbled unaware mother looked crookedly saying need burden want miranda continued listening uneasily crossed legs jiggled leg left knee jiggle leg banged trestle table miranda stop kicking table father uncrossed legs remained poised edge seat grownups nervous irritable things
midnight swirling fog covered town washington asleep safe indoors noticed small spaceship landed middle madison junior high school playing field plump commander couldn fog congratulated crew safe landing anyway announced pleased voice ship speak system journey sure planet place colonize investigated commander rotated short look control room continued soon mist clears begin invasion natives overjoyed hear ruled superior wisdom commander lay couch sleepily rest prepare glorious conquest shortly speech ended sound gentle snoring filled ship awake repair crew working malfunctioning landing hatch guards stared fog wondered intelligent strange planet morning fog clung town blanket white cotton cars school buses crept slowly streets school sandy haired girl named ramsey
counterman glanced grill frying hamburger saw couples door sized spent evening theater horse show clothes age early forties decided sat stools counter place empty front al spain proprietor sitting kitchen working ledger counterman drew glasses water stopping adjust limp handkerchief neck whistling softly continuity entered set water glasses asked wiping hands apron beginning end hamburger mit glanced looking fellow dark circles eyes general aspect face gave sort charred look mit length counterman moved asked woman hamburger mit woman pinned hair leaned escort started whisper character audibly happened counterman paused turned look escort jogged side knee noticed counterman watching stopped smiling uneasily
started grace settled performance evening getting interrupted grace young brother charlie intervened upstairs phone wanted talk football fourteen minutes hung wasn feeling tired stepped booth stretched walked fountain sisters enjoy lot calling home want thank gracious hospitality happy booth dedication miss clara earnestly makes call goodnight golden night moon riding high felt top including drove home weeks swam night home jenny sally phyllis grace rotation wheeled booth november night changed telephone thursday night drive grace finch home school open car stays open girls mind dress drove grace home front house bit snow hair line open
instinct overpowered individuality creatures mean instinct supposed controlled actually leave rate fundamental instinct creatures live form instinctive technique defense forms elements happens hummingbirds found actual observation reading die true re born seen hummingbird egg young hummingbird mature hummingbird small egg magnificent smiling things hummingbirds means eggs ask reader forgive thing agass agasig agassig agazig american naturalist studied turtle eggs order information seeking find fresh caused exciting adventure boston young fellow wrote read fourteen fourteen goes show unimportant re dealing eggs kind envy study birds hope find known hummingbirds
relax letting clean sun showered part zoo lucas sixty tuesday july sixteenth sitting box jake cage side paths eating apple fine specimen kind took distinct pleasure biting teeth largely morning thinking boy foot loose free big bird liked zoo didn give status friends needed look admirer maybe relative lucas didn ring tailed relative admiring earth finished apple flipped core trash leaned hugging knees cutting eye jake jake lay quiet cinnamon colored body shadowed flecks sunlight picking bits mane splash light left eye eye large golden resembled strange pirate coin jake possessed awful patience watch inconsequential bug cage floor hours end tail twitching tuft motionless lucas sat boys lilac bush moved jake cage lucas moustache bristled bit
remarkable healthy survive ten days water cool climates weeks food warm hours sleep endured air temperatures hour water temperatures half hour science thinks haven seen creature today wouldn recognize things store children future swim easily water need diving apparatus assuming water supplied free oxygen human lungs trouble breathing water big danger damage salty tissues scientists solve problem enriching water salt fact put dogs mice specially prepared tanks water let swim hours lungs dogs emptied water filled oxygen showed ill effects science developed silicone rubber membrane thousandth inch thick holds water oxygen pass scientists reason sort silicone coated gills developed swimming future ripping trees tossing automobiles possibly strength
future humans replaced machines morning filtered sky lending gray tone ground field finished turning topsoil thousand acre field turned furrow climbed highway looked land bad ground earth vitiated rights lie fallow field orders slowly road taking intelligent appreciate neatness worried loose inspection plate nuclear pile attended thirty feet high yielded highlights dull air machines passed agricultural station field noted fact comment station yard saw machines recognized tasks inactive careered round yard strange fashion shouting hooting steering carefully past field moved warehouse spoke seed distributor stood idly requirement seed potatoes distributor quick internal motion punched order card quantity field number details ejected card handed distributor
number computer finlayson liking strange business mean wasn going stay find gain putting space asked johnson aggressively instruments efficient protested hamilton professor mathematical physics astronaut instruments don respond remote control bring instruments exactly flight maybe returned johnson excited advantage instrument excited emotions response purely automatic sure asked munro chair fire spoke sense question perfect order persisted johnson don munro replied slowly tell tale electronic computer perfect order times gave answer unfortunate technician wrist watch affected pulse beat wearer suggested munro deal simply don instrument sight respond forces reckoning wish knew answer tell tale try explain satisfaction
remember animals feelings statement father haunt squealed delightedly clapped small hands animal looked puzzled narrow cage happy birthday dear mother smiled happy birthday darling father echoed wanted cried eagerly touch course dear mother pet wish providing father amended care properly remember animals feelings promised feed cage clean leash rocket picnic paused suddenly breath fun father mother smiled peered caged animal animal stood legs looked emotion lay small eyes love wondered gingerly pried cage brought loose opened cage door animal leaped opening caught held tight careful father warned don crush careful father held struggling animal firmly hugged seconds stopped erratic movements regarded solemn eyes cute mother exclaimed father nodded proudly
young looked jerry remarked romantic children stop playing games start living angry speaker challenging jerry jersey turnpike hard horses south brunswick deep scattered boulders plentiful forced move slow trot avoid crippling precious animals course south farms non existent able eat dried provisions saddlebags night slept roadside service station hammocks tilted rusty gas pumps direct route jerry franklin knew turnpike government road rubble cleared semiannually excellent developing limp pack horse swung lap past riven tree stump words trenton exit carved side jerry relaxed bit father father colleagues proud proud moment alert horse moved alongside companion young age protocol reminded leader ride ahead close trenton hated pull rank
bright beads chief handing star sapphires large white diamond engineers evacuated ruins york past ten cloth chief handing bolt linen bolt wool spun loomed hampshire especially occasion painfully expensively carted york pretty toys chief handing large slightly rusty alarm clock precious typewriter put operating order batteries engineers artisans working tandem engineers interpreting brittle documents artisans half months weapons chief handing beautifully decorated cavalry saber prized hereditary possession chief staff united states air force protested requisitioning bitterly hydrogen bombs examined gifts typewriter interest solemnly distributed members council keeping typewriter sapphires sword gave son makes radiation tapped steel fingernail stated thomas stuff confederate states america tossed saber negligently ground expect bunch lazy whiteskin heard word jerry franklin rigid
ramona valdez leaned office chair alert look big cat desk nathan bancroft conservatively dressed average height spoke earnestly saturday technician highly classified research laboratories plans secret type laser device tried stop ms valdez nodded intently bancroft understand situation region laboratory caverns connected gigantic system natural tunnels rooms crevices underground streams mapped explored technologist stole plans ardent speleologist cave explorer possibly reason hobby suffers hay fever cavern air pure case period spent entire days underground complex branching tunnels known maze minos numerous cave explorers lost local shun known expert underground maze thief doubt ms valdez spy expected theft plans discovered sheer luck director laboratory discovered happened immediately notified authorities lucky spotted technician car call ran luck
thousands lived awe sea early ocean travelers dreaded sudden storm spring sink ship feared sailing unknown waters warning unseen iceberg hidden rock bring death aboard terrifying strange monsters live sea ocean voyage sailors land talked creatures spoke misty morning spied huge frightening shape floating waves spoke cold stormy evening savage sea creature boldly attacked ship dragged bottom stories sea monsters sirens mermaids sea serpents told dawn history modern times stories fairy tales superstitious experts believe real monster lived ocean depths creature finally captured brought ashore early times known sea monsters siren upper half deadly creature lovely woman lower half large scaly fish sirens supposed live middle sea island encircled rocks possessed voices magical beauty ship approached began sing
true story heard told aunt heard aunt wasn respectful kind history books preferred odd niches tales handed families paul revere instance folks recollect riding horse talked paul revere shop brewing american revolution silver teapot waiting settle yes silversmith trade claimed claimed kind magic quick skillful hand kind folks bit millstone turned loose claimed took sorts country meant unsophisticated heroes plan contrive ahead till stirred things start happen claimed stirred curious relate story confirm tooth commenced aching
funnel rose immense sloping groove solid rock halted lashed axes packs roped began climb lay ahead telling side precipices south face rose unbroken morning sky funnel walls narrowed flared narrowed ribbed granite surface gave smooth limestone forced trough cleft deeper longer mere fissure cliff face shaft cutting fabric mountain sky thin remote ribbon backs foot foot yard yard groped upward soundless rock ribbed dusk presently lead stopped listen gloom hear soft dripping sound minutes later moved upward walls rose longer gray black seeping water climbing difficult able move boots scraped slipped ooze covered ledges hands clothing coated slime ropes jerked slithered uncontrollably cautiously upward vantage point slipped fell sidewise wet bulge rock muttered softly
sight waited rope packs voice echoed faintly tied gear rope gave signalling jerk watched clustered rucksacks scrape slowly wall rim rope tied load carla radcliffe left shadowed stillness recess struggle wall englishman remained sitting rocks angle recess exactly slabs slowly feet rope descended picked end tied chest approached wall nick radcliffe turned looked yes asked don try hesitated stopped moment stood looking stooped figure pale blue eyes sunken gray cheeks veined bony hand bird claw resting rock shouldn let savagely shouldn let don try radcliffe asked fast radcliffe quietly won fast slowly groping grappling crevices arching wall
quality criteria standards meet manufacturing making sure turned factory quality nowadays kinds quality criteria created prevent manufacturing product harmful living things environment recycling things books recycled paper trees cut paper printing plant waste paper printing plant collected treated paper books materials smog chemicals combine water form haze air smog irritates lungs damage lungs sickness smog comes fuel burned automobiles incinerators topsoil uppermost inches soil humus fertile part soil turned land plowed easier plants grow lack rain makes dry wind blow rain wash makes soil unusable farming contour farming soil washing water collects furrows follow shape contour hillside ultraviolet radiation part sunlight full energy
won minute assured official senses taker information senses tell born born born mother father aunt uncle cousin live lived schools attended schools haven attended hobbies telephone number shoe size shirt size collar size hat size names addresses verify information started stand line pushing talking peeking humbug difficulty remembering leisurely recorded answer places pausing polish glasses clear throat straighten tie blow nose managed cover distressed bug head foot ink announced officially wish hurry milo stepping forward distance demons beginning scale mountain minutes wrote painful deliberation finally finished milo tock looked happily asked dog sensitive nose picked loathsome evil smell grew stronger
sailing past tallest peaks outstretched arms grasping demons reached ground landed sudden jolt quick urged tock follow run princesses galloped rocky trail moment soon pounding mountainside cloud clinging dust chorus chilling shrieks loathsome creatures choose live ignorance waited impatiently thick black clouds hung heavily overhead fled darkness milo looking moment awful shapes coming closer closer left triple demons compromise tall thin short fat exactly moved ominous circles agreed perfectly settled differences wanted rarely met jumping clumsily boulder boulder catching hold cruel curving claws horrible hopping hindsight unpleasant fellow eyes rear rear front invariably leaped looked cared going knew shouldn
born november invisible village florida monroe county missouri parents removed missouri early thirties remember born cared things journey days rough tiresome village contained hundred increased population percent history town modest refer true record person shakespeare florida shows place london suppose recently missouri picture house born heretofore stated palace guarded village streets couple hundred yards rest avenues mere lanes rail fences cornfields side streets lanes paved material tough black mud wet times deep dust dry houses logs frame brick stone log church puncheon floor slab benches
school bus carla going school going fish fish school carla carla going school sick carla sick wants fishing carla bus school want fishing fish school school carla going today fishing carla going school going school today want play going fish park fishing school school school bus school going play park going fun fishing playing fun school fun fun play jan school play bob school jan fun play park carla fun fishing play jan bob want school bob jan fishing school fishing carla funny fish park fish school help trick
fish mom want school fish school fish fish mom real fish real fish sam cat fish picture school nice fish picture don want fish picture bob jan ricky carla fish want fish school fish fun don fish picture fish help fish sam fish fish fish real real look look fish going school going fish mom helping cat fish cat fish fish scare cat fish scare cat fish bob sam fish scare cats fish big sam big fly fly fish fly sam fish real scare big fish nice fish bob fish jan
want play ricky going jungle lion picture going play jungle ricky going play real lion real lions scare real lion re going fun playing jungle lion real run real lions run bob lion real run play lion lion run lion want play surprise lion truck find looking lion truck lion truck lion truck zoo real lions zoo real ricky re looking real lion play lion re playing re jungle play lion find lion look looking lion real lion
jackson heard dog yelping pines sighed flat tire hoped wasn learning skunks porcupines tossing tire iron jack trunk slammed trunk lid called girl ready shaded eyes tried peer deeper montana woods yelping closer dashed view eyes white rimmed fright jackson started flinched running bear huge angry determined bear grizzly hey don jackson muttered backing jumped car reaching ignition switch remembered keys trunk lid howled don leave grizzly gained fast claws teeth roaring rage jackson rolled windows slapped door locks holding door open bound slammed shut grizzly reached paw punched glass jackson saw window spiderweb break dull crunch cubes safety glass spraying gasping ducked avoid clawing paw swept inside grizzly caught panel yanked tearing locked door jackson hit door side rolled retriever howling climbing scrambled feet hands knees feet ran tree covered slope fell road
let dim quiet apartment hating walk empty rooms mother home wasn bad things wanted days worked home lonely turned foyer light dining area turned lights stand dark going kitchen suddenly struck thought turned look mother left sewing strewn clear table dress pattern pinned partly cut sewing box chairs scraps bright print material chair scissors table sleeve dress half cut course wasn unusual mother suddenly realize late dash leaving number things half mother townhouse apartment floors filled half finished projects current project consists writing mystery private eye reading dozens detective stories making card file helpful things poisons guns famous murder trials helped handful decided actually lot detective practice humdrum everyday
beckoned desk officers leaving looked sympathetically sympathy happened located mother short ago sergeant desk told nodded agreeably fine re note mail yesterday nodded tears flooded face knew looked stupid mail suspicious immediately mother repeatedly told check mail telephone messages soon home let mail stay twelve hours happened mother fault wrote restraining order court child brutal treatment girl pediatrics st mary guards alerted let father hospital child moved father didn grudge st mary thought mother fault daughter mad mean explanation child mad asked insane mother
carried sweltering midday august summers ago fishing cold brook small stream rises line circles northeast corner place miles runs heavy growth till meets black river fish summer matter warm river water trout icy water cold brook prime fished sporting stream heavy growth fly impossible find trout floated worm current pockets alder roots water seldom foot deep swamp sparrows discovered preoccupied minutes insistence brought attention bush small brown birds dull rusty caps undistinguished plumage profoundly upset spreading wings repeating rough single note stopped fishing flew bush upstream repeated antics thought hatched babies nearby wanted lead intention harming resumed fishing passing downstream clump try
ready ready soon scientists happen today look look children pressed roses weeds intermixed peering look hidden sun rained raining thousands thousands days compounded filled end rain drum gush water sweet crystal fall showers concussion storms heavy tidal waves islands thousand forests crushed rain grown thousand times crushed forever planet venus schoolroom children rocket women raining set civilization live lives stopping stopping yes yes margot stood children remember wasn rain rain rain ago sun hour showed luminous face stunned recall night heard stir remembrance knew dreaming remembering gold yellow crayon coin large buy knew thought recalled warmness blushing face body arms legs trembling hands
morning begins nature oldest answers energy needs peeks horizon bright red saucer turned upside glow begins grow giant yellow disk light burning bright trillion candles living thing feels sun thinking creatures trouble message scrawls wavy lines light heavens past billion morning message unlimited energy human earth sun helping fill needs dawn human history early earth burned wood solar energy stored living tree wood major fuel century trees cut fuel fewer forests remained source began search major fuel supply eventually turned fossil fuels coal oil gas fuel sources sunshine fossil fuel remains plants animals fed lived sunshine energy millions ago plants died fell ground buried layers decaying plants pressed underground pressure dead plants changed coal oil natural gas today fossil fuel supplies power homes automobiles industries
airliner finally landed tunisia scramble look fact tripped uncle baxter nearly forgot rex raccoon scratching travel box seat don think york city big town traveled instance construction company dad works gave bonuses family drove florida field trips uncle baxter dr baxter mother younger brother biologist flying north africa left home night march blizzard snowing paris france changed planes flight south mediterranean finally walked plane tunisia toting rex box sun bright warm flowers blooming crowd ordinary business suits dresses hooded robes wearing red hat called fez women completely layers gauzy white fabric airport hummed conversations french arabic terminal building palm lined highway tunisia capital city tunis jammed cars trucks wagons drawn horses robed bearded trotted donkeys scene biblical times wow uncle
mine asking anwar find plan asked morning medina find market truck delivering peppers find rex didn turn simple medina maze tangled streets teems especially market sections streets roofed buildings turning echoing tunnels crammed shops scores vegetable markets wasn noon saw found anwar spoke workers answered excitedly rex anwar reported arrived pepper truck say strange masked beast crafty catch fond cabbages asked jumped melon truck going south stop berber village miles tunis anwar looked anwar looked firmly hour later exiting bus village perched stone eagle atop hill pokes plain hiked donkey trail town knew place children swarming streets masking eyes fingers telling perfect
soon truck bouncing brown mountains overhead sun furnace slowly land flattened abruptly turned sand grew clumps palms islets sandy sea tiny oases disappeared horizon miles sand sahara anwar resembled handful sugar cubes scattered sand center large square market desert dwellers sell dates figs carpets textiles camels tethered square center spotted fish truck excited crowd milling anwar asked happened anwar told market strange animal fish truck including dogs felt face white dogs prowling streets looked ferocious dogs children chased anwar translating words happened stammered ran palm tree anwar pointing jumped roof house leaped camel making rear asked knows saw anwar sadly ran camel tethered find trampled wondered couldn find hair desperately searched sand clue anwar pointed
family family group family pick members families live families families members pictures lesson show family large family small family groups members family related family tree shows members small family groups family tree large family mothers fathers grandparents brothers sisters family members pictures lesson live families families care members families things members live families reasons ways families pictures lesson taking care members families change size change ways families change ways families pictures lesson show families size families live ways family families ways families pictures lesson families members members families related families care members families alike ways families pictures lesson
families share things share house families share food pets share ways families share feelings share happy feelings families share kinds feelings pictures lesson show families share children help families adults help families help ways families things families help things pictures lesson show families help babies learn families children learn families children things learn families learn teach learn things families pictures lesson show families learn families fun family groups book pictures show places families show things families show families fun families fun family groups families fun friends families fun places fun home fun home families fun ways pictures lesson show families fun
pupils knight school gawaine le coeur hardy promising tall sturdy instructors soon discovered lacked spirit hide woods jousting class called companions members faculty sought appeal nature shouting break neck told lances padded horses ponies field unusually soft late autumn gawaine refused grow enthusiastic headmaster assistant professor pleasaunce discussing case spring afternoon assistant professor remedy expulsion headmaster looked purple hills ringed school think train slay dragons killed objected assistant professor replied headmaster brightly added soberly consider greater responsible formation lad character dragons bad interrupted assistant professor characteristic restive head school began talk ethics ideals institution known worse replied headmaster hills south week killed number peasants cows prize pig dry spell holds telling start forest fire simply breathing indiscriminately
start summer camp felice designated outcast easy victim indifference casual cruelty girls camp judith senses wrong treatment felice feel guilt responsibility compassion summer air cool slightly damp bunk window fleas raise head push limp hair eyes stare bewildered morning mist seconds later alarm clock ellie bed goes half hour shower dress forest green shorts white shirts mess hall set breakfast tables camp sycamore ellie reaches press button alarm stops turns radio bodies emerge bunks ellie goes bathroom showers toilets sinks doze standing bathroom door fleas course waits bunk limp looking limp looking bewildered ellie showered ready dress leave enter accompany fleas stand chance getting turn showers tie laces tennis shoes placing fleas bunk bed
ellie dressed latest style suntanned green eyed commanding announced summer junior counselor cabin yeah thinking don tell giving orders felice struggled characteristically dropping things saw trudge gravel path parking lot await parents car tackled packing put cabin empty place whizzed packing flat hurry camp secure happier threatening overwhelming tried console thought summer look forward look forward spite odd moment rebellion final thing held thought summer camp wonder possessed felice bunk bed things disappeared fallen bags later cruelly kicked sight expect find valuable found wads tissue paper unopened packet pink balloons blew
ford middle aged older bald headed nosed clever foxy look face mouth thin sour looked saw tightness mouth thin sour line lips knew mouth smiled chin receded nose sharp air sour crafty fox woods looking harrow gordon butcher stood door blue cold breath rubbing hands slowly tractor left plow quietly metal saw ford head gave jerk kind metal sharply flat sort huge plate didn dig ford straightened glint eagles eyes butcher left straight ford walked quickly corner took coat nail found cap gloves found spade door odd noticed butcher manner re sure metal crusted butcher metal deep twelve inches top twelve inches rest deeper plate
course charitable view assume ford treasure solely loved beautiful things wanted true answer war hitler won easter knock door ford house ford opened hello ford hello dr ford keeping fine thank dr yes ford war pretty busy dr asked course ford dr hugh alderson keen learned archaeologist war point visiting ford search stones arrowheads ford collected batch items twelve months willing sell seldom turned taking coat hall nearly yes ford ford led front room showed box flint arrowheads picked district
look funny amy snickered lay bed pointed friend outrageous shoes standing middle bedroom rosa picked heavily clad foot heaved army boot bed amy found attic decided absolutely going wear don think re entirely wrong color amy chuckled grabbed soft drink floor re clown jose goin love re party clown rosa methodically tucked cuffs grandfather discarded overalls canvas tops boots shrugged pair suspenders attached baggy outfit afraid told friends forced kids birthday rosa turning suddenly mirror apply generous portions cold cream lieu genuine clown makeup truth rosa loved clown vigorously applied cold cream close hairline contemplated telling amy grew wanted carol burnett didn matter carol burnett actual clown started career clown rosa mattered making laugh wasn important thing
dorothy bob didn want point learning proper crutch technique felt comfortable family examples moved quickly nimbly floor swing gait maneuvered stairs week arrival dorothy noticed staring circular staircase front hall especially climbed bedroom floor impossible emulate braces crutches climb barely drag room crutches looking staircase nineteen steps mountain saturday morning staircase turned dropped crutches let fall sitting position step turned facing staircase tried claw wriggle inch riser step couldn pausing catch breath idea occurred shifted railing facing stairs stretched arm grasp farthest wrought iron reach left hand pushing palm wrenched step turned sitting position lifted useless braced legs step crutches steps
oppressive darkness shadowed city saskatoon august clock noon sun earth obliterated sun rising deserts southwest lifting high autumnal winds desecrated soil prairies drifted northward sky grew dark small house outskirts city mother switched electric lights continued task preparing luncheon father father returned office school mother somber sound doorbell brought unwillingly kitchen hall opened front door inches expecting menace sky thrust past house menace appearance visitor waited apologetically step small boy ten age stood shuffling feet gray grit falling soundlessly city night held wicker basket door opened swung basket forward spoke voice husky dust expectation rebuff missus asked pale high tone want buy duck mother bit nonplussed odd echo catch phrase withered mouths comedians era
father willing describe detail events mother actually descend basement able give reasonably circumstantial account epic struggle lasted hours sounds smells battle reached mother hot air registers appreciable diminution told father mutt hoarse silent end hour sounds water violently basement floor testified clearly struggle end nearly midnight father appeared head cellar stairs close exhaustion bath bed hinting mother dreadful things happened dark battleground downstairs mutt spent balance night front porch evidently fatigued give vent vexation return dead horse mind morrow dawn lure horse sufficient usual morning routine habit spend hours dawn breakfast going rounds alleys neighborhood regular route seldom deviated
dad boom boom rat tat tat playing drums hear mother moaning kitchen earplugs yelled yell noise drums den drowned find mom yelled look ran stairs searched bedroom found jewelry case rushing stairs collapsing chair mother earplugs birthday knew woman amateur drummer husband needs desperately happier receiving earplugs diamond ring popularity neighbors sunk low dad bought drums lessons owned set kind small play hands noise bad worst part drove station wagon unpacked kit bass drum drum tom toms cymbals poor mom fainted tat tat boom de boom played father tick tick tick metronome perched drum seat couple days later dad reading paper cried betty chance waiting
going shore morning vacation boy stopped turning path looked wild rocky bay crowded beach knew mother walked front carrying bright striped bag hand felt swung jerry looked impatient smiled darling tired usual beach jerry quickly smiling unfailing impulse contrition sort chivalry walking path blurted look rocks gave idea attention wild looking place course jerry big beach straight villa walked ran feeling unbearable thinking course safe keeping close feel careful child widow determined possessive lacking devotion
morning engine stopped thirty days boat quiet america stepped looked porthole water fog anchoring island dressed deck began troubles steerage course half spent landing money extra food hassan turk slept cabin ladder told soon saw america money land send home money going ashore disgrace position frankly kill hassan satisfied starve black olives salt cheese gibraltar skewer lamb bribed cabin steward big room passengers pictures hands rushing match relative visitors door opened fellow big pile caps striped blue white cotton caps visors top button karakul hat window cossack line look russian look hat
madame watched pupils carefully advanced students want additional classes david lichine splendid opportunity nico studio nico taught ballet daughter madame prize pupils betty marie asked lichine danced pavlova fabulous love wife baby ballerina ballet russe ago david partner fell love married wait till beautiful betty marie told mother later kind sweet terror added thoughtfully tremble looks matter suppose expects want touring company los madame took pupils theater ballets heart intensely music movements meaning feel afterward pupils backstage meet dancers knew betty marie shivered pleasurably met principals ballet russe company madame choreography prima ballerina danilova breathtaking freddie franklin handsome friendly called betty marie famous ballerinas studio betty marie breathe
announcer voice boomed loudspeaker call soph moment stepped track guys heard snickering start couldn spectators presence couldn understand girls loved run boys starter called names assigned lanes seeded boys began looking mean boys girl mile run laps track stay lanes red markers pointed turn cut pole commands start whistle gun race boys mean boys girl assumed beginning stance tried wash mind race today ordinary dual meet league girl entered school sure felt nervous feeling meet maybe today starter blew whistle tensed fired gun couple glorious moments ran ahead pack advantage lane didn kid springdale passed expected real hotshot class runner stayed boys stretch
jimmy asked found corner fireworks stand yesterday want art extended giant jimmy jimmy took looked circle let light suggested stepped hand grenade teresa late art july law shoot firecrackers aw jimmy argued matter chicken looks dangerous teresa think fuse short golly didn notice guess re jimmy maybe threw art light jimmy kate encouraged let loud kate jimmy dangerous short fuse aw afraid let kate took giant jimmy hands don think kate art protested kind wish left match kate asked digging pocket scattered kate struck match look demolition squad shouted don kate jimmy called sharply kate touched fuse lighted match sputtered fear gripped swung arm wide arc throwing lighted attention attracted jimmy voice caused hurl unconsciously direction voice
deepest drilled goes nearly miles earth center knows lies deeper likely earth solid inside surface center rock heavy iron center thick layers heavy rock mixed metal closer surface shells dense dark rock thin shell mainly rocks basalt granite earth crust earth nearly perfect ball bit flattened poles tunnel north south pole miles shorter earth equator dig deeper earth rock weight rock makes push pressure pressure turn heat deeper earth greater heat pressure miles rocks change slowly flow heavy syrup tunnel earth impossible dug quarter outer rocks miles thick call crust earth rock forms earth crust worn soil oceans cover nearly quarters earth hiding rocks beneath north south poles huge sheets ice spread thousands miles hiding rock
ago gods ruled yucatan region southern mexico wise spiteful unkind wisest loved chaac god fields crops bright spring morning chaac called birds meeting woods god planting hand help prepare fields seasons trees sounds gentle voice dove harsh squawk eagle agreed help birds quiet owl counselor birds asked dignified start god chaac tomorrow sunrise god answered quickly midday fire god burn plants chaac finished speaking cuckoo fluttered bird bird bright yellow eyes plumage rainbow colors caused look admiration called loudly tell remember season owl ashamed cuckoo bad manners remember help season expect share hides afraid fire screeched parrot cuckoo silent parrot spoken truth
awoke paula unaware change usual felt fine began dress paula noticed change skin felt smooth pliable plastic toys lay scattered room paula turned closet door stared full length mirror appearance changed skin didn feel skin cold smooth flexible nose chin felt odd impulsively paula grabbed nose pulled shape plastic soft pliable plastic moments later paula found twisting reshaping chin ears sure plastic fact paula entire body turned plastic paula wondered say discovered plastic parents react wait find whirled ran hall stairs bounded house burst kitchen look mother cried turned plastic paula mother stared dumbfounded asked mother paula don recognize course don turned plastic pulled face shape wait minute paula father voice imitation paula re paula
earliest lived animals ate small animals fish caught hands lived caves trees early women human beings animals early human human beings larger brains important things human able brains remember plan ahead learned things learned improve ways living human beings animals larger brains learn thousands development able overcome dangers win control lived thing human ability hands slowly early learned hands tools weapons tools weapons helped early women protect stay alive ability speak important early slowly able develop simple language expressing ideas early women began exchange ideas ideas helped find food shelter warn danger east africa humans peking humans lived type early person appeared called neanderthal
read mesopotamia lived egypt mesopotamia chapter learn egyptian ways living egypt divided classes upper class included pharaoh family nobles priests upper class lived fine houses servants middle class included writers called scribes government clerks traders craftsmen scribes wrote egyptian records egyptians knew read write egyptians belonged lower class class included workers captured slaves worked hard hours farms irrigation works road building projects free workers pay high taxes pharaoh workers poor mesopotamia free workers slaves egypt able members higher class egyptians ate rich poor egyptian farms raised plenty wheat barley fruits vegetables upper class egyptians enjoyed meat fish lower class egyptians drank beer upper class egyptians drank wine study map egypt chapter page egypt located trade place africa asia meet egypt traded nations central africa egyptian traders received ivory gold
hebrews large nation ruled small land palestine east hundred ideas developed early hebrew lasted today chapter find contributions hebrews palestine narrow desert land eastern end mediterranean sea large jersey palestine located trade route egypt mesopotamia cultures nations known palestine fact palestine ruled egypt mesopotamia history earliest hebrews shepherds wandered palestine mesopotamia early hebrews stayed palestine moved southward egypt hebrews happy egypt treated badly forced slaves leader named moses helped hebrews escape slavery moses led hebrews egypt freedom hebrews returned palestine land ruled egypt mesopotamia palestine united country city palestine ruled land hebrews fought win control land palestine saul david solomon rulers helped hebrews nation saul king hebrews
latin language spoken romans roman contribution latin basis modern languages spanish french portuguese italian english language latin words english words latin art culture government language roman empire ended latin written spoken educated europe today roman catholic church latin official language lawyers doctors study latin students order understand words medicine law greatest contribution romans roman law remember roman plebeians forced patricians write laws help romans understand laws later roman empire grew roman laws grew difficult understand laws fairer roman republic special group lawyers organized roman laws explained meaning laws famous code collection roman laws later emperor justinian justinian code laws contained roman laws explained meaning laws code laws later basis laws nations roman buildings beautiful greek buildings roman buildings larger stronger greek buildings romans concrete cement building materials
read knights armor rode horses battle middle ages knights fought master ruled system government called feudalism feudalism discover answer read chapter feudalism kind government developed europe early middle ages feudalism began western europe western roman empire ended german kingdoms weak rulers ruled kingdoms strong armies protect peoples result large landowners began form local armies defend small farmers gave lands large landowners agreed landowner landowner protected landowners soon received land able gave land owned land agreed stay land farm large landowners known nobles german tribes helped feudalism grow german chief leader followers helped fight wars return german chief gave followers food shelter weapons share goods money captured german tribes attacked roman empire settled roman lands chiefs rewarded followers giving conquered roman land
god allah mohammed prophet cry shouted bands horseback rode arabia early spread religion moslem religion chapter learn arabs spread religion built powerful empire arabia hot dry land southwestern part asia surrounded sides water red sea west arabian sea southeast persian gulf northeast arabs arabia moved place place bedouins desert wanderers divided tribes groups tribes frequently fought arabs worshiped gods believed gods lived trees stones holy city mecca temple called stood mecca sacred black stone honor important arabian gods boy named mohammed born mecca mohammed poor education later earned living leader camel caravans trading groups trips desert mohammed met christians jews spent thinking religion forty mohammed began preach religion arabs religion called islam moslem religion
early middle ages rulers real power later middle ages rulers france england began real power chapter read rulers frankish king charlemagne died empire feudal nobles western part empire known france french nobles chose hugh capet ruler france capet controlled land city paris france controlled french nobles philip augustus french ruler powerful conquer large part france held england included land normandy anjou france ruled louis ninth louis improved french court system louis royal officials french provinces check local officials philip augustus louis improved government france helped build france nation england nation england roman province romans left england tribes angles saxons jutes took country angles saxons slowly mixed anglo saxons famous anglo saxon king alfred ruled england alfred set schools encouraged learning
renaissance took place times parts europe historians agree began italy cultures greece rome stronger italy parts europe italy knew byzantine moslem cultures traded lands crusades italian merchants nobles built fortunes trade wished cities beautiful centers culture italians patrons culture supported artists writers builders musicians philosophers started renaissance beginning scholars began study writings greek roman writers scholars called humanists interested concerned human beings petrarch founder humanism petrarch gave renaissance period humanists built fine libraries books pope rulers italian cities humanists ideas ideas scholars middle ages scholars middle ages interested mainly religion humanists interested ability think ideas scholars middle ages interested groups persons humanists interested individual person scholars middle ages interest nature beauty
things protest talk europe things roman catholic church called protestants meant protesters chapter read resulted protestant movement roman catholic church began lose power ruler france forced pope leave rome live city avignon southern france italian church leaders chose italian pope leader catholic church catholic church popes rome avignon later italian church leaders refused accept popes italian church leaders elected pope church popes gregory twelfth benedict thirteenth john twenty finally council meeting church leaders removed popes chose pope pope martin elected council constance accepted roman catholics pope martin brought peace church lost power practices grew catholic church soon caused trouble important jobs church bought sold church leaders perform duties properly popes interested government art religion
early britain revolution british unhappy small number british citizens mainly wealthy landowners allowed vote middle class british merchants british workers demanding vote members parliament riots broke britain prevent revolution parliament passed reform bill reform bill gave middle class britain vote parliament passed reform bills gave city workers farm workers vote remember france revolution revolution revolutions took place european nations austrian empire revolution forced emperor promise freedom austrian give independence hungary parts austrian empire revolted demanded independence austrian government able put revolts took freedoms promised austrian emperor important improvement resulted revolution serfs austrian empire freedom revolutions broke german states result german rulers promised give freedom german wished unite german states nation german leaders met frankfurt talk problem
read industrial revolution changed europe ways changed europe ideas beliefs things chapter study ideas business system developed europe result industrial revolution early european nations believed trade business policy called mercantilism mercantilism government carefully controlled nation trade businesses industrial revolution spread european business owners believe government controls harmful growth businesses business owners wanted run factories businesses freely government controls ideas business called laissez faire laissez faire means let wish business owners believed freedom contract important free business operations freedom contract gave worker agreement employer wages hours working conditions cases worker agree low wages hours fixed employer worker wanted job workers tried force employers deal fairly forming labor unions labor unions groups workers tried wages working conditions labor unions tried workers powerful dealing employers early laws passed forbid labor unions
merchants traders united states interested trading nations asia merchants wanted american government ask japan begin trading united states united states ships japan command matthew perry perry orders sign treaty written agreement japan begin trade united states japan perry arrived japan japanese shogun army ruler refused perry request allow japan trade united states february perry returned japan warships shogun dare refuse perry demands visit perry showed japanese ruler model railroad train united states shogun finally ordered japanese ports opened american trade fifteen japan trading european nations united states japan especially merchants welcomed japanese trade nations felt shogun preventing japan modern industrial nation believed japan westernized european nations powerful wanted emperor shogun rule japan overthrew shogun hundred emperor real ruler japan
depression began president herbert hoover americans expected end soon depression grew worse american elected franklin roosevelt president roosevelt believed american government set plan try end depression united states president roosevelt plan called deal beginning deal tried solve problems caused depression part deal plan helped american workers congress passed laws set limit working hours provide fair wages workers deal law helped labor unions law required business companies deal labor unions law helped labor unions stronger deal plan tried help farmers congress passed laws try raise prices farmers received crops deal laws helped american farmers improve farmlands gave government loans farmers help pay debts deal american congress passed laws help american laws social security program gave pensions workers sixty older social security program provided weekly payments american workers lost jobs deal tried help american homeowners loaned money homeowners help payment homes deal built public housing projects provide homes low rents
european nations opec oil produced europe europe deal oil factories homes transportation higher price europe paid oil caused higher prices united states europe suffered oil shortages called energy crisis produced oil factories reduced production lost jobs european nations worked hard conserve energy cars small efficient oil discovered north sea britain source oil helped reduce energy crisis leadership conservative party britain finally joined common market move help britain economy conservatives hoped britain real problem fact imported goods countries exported war ii britain gradually lost colonies sources cheap resources conservatives major party labor able solve high unemployment inflation conservative leader margaret thatcher woman prime minister british history bad economic times helped spark riots youth gangs summer thatcher response introduce sterner crowd control laws pass jobs bill youths thatcher popularity rose british military force recaptured islands argentina seized
exciting periods history science technology wonderful opportunities modern science achieve facing difficult problems find ways solve problems run risk earth destroyed united states won race moon july apollo space mission neil armstrong edwin aldrin humans walk moon american astronauts early bringing samples moon rock scientists study july soviet union united states cooperated joint flight american astronauts soviet cosmonauts linked separate vehicles space briefly visited craft look surface mars august united states viking soft landing pictures sandy rock strewn planet month later viking landed remote control scientists earth performed experiments learn mars space ship voyager flew close planet jupiter amazing pictures largest planet largest moons voyager continued saturn giving close look ringed planet headed outward uranus united states soviet union launched space stations earth
paul family moved house paul wanted help home look decided grow flowers yard early spring paul carefully planted seeds watered seeds watched soon saw growth bright green leaves unfolded later buds appeared paul knew soon flowers buds opened flowers beautiful paul glad thought plant seeds soon flowers faded turned brown soon dropped plant flowers normal process living things share common pattern develop grow age die paul grew flowers seeds developed seeds human seeds female ovum male sperm paul garden seeds grew plant produced flowers grew person parents seeds say buds matured flowers mature means develop grow fully person matures physically person body matures age age person body fully grown aging period physical growth ends think age grow true presently aging body maturing growing older older means increase age ask meant
competing mile race suddenly runner front collapses seconds aid rescue unit scene person rescue says breathing heartbeat aid administered minute aid collapsed runner begins breathe rescuer turns says died person scene says die brought question arises point runner die person considered dead determining death complex task cases death easily determined doctor doctor check person breathing heartbeat eeg recording person doctor check reflexes normal responses person respond person pronounced dead death certificate completed doctor official record death easy determine death due advances medical science body functions maintained machines functions breathing heartbeat joe perez friends playing ball ball thrown joe hit pole street joe chased ball chasing ball joe struck car joe knocked unconscious hospital respirator
controversy exists tell patients dying elisabeth ross found patients dying want talk death research dr ross found stages dying met friends family lend support patient diagnosis patient probable death patient feels uncomfortable confused patient suspect death coming sure experts believe patient told terminally ill cheated think persons feel dying patients able handle news probable death feel dying person emotional medical prepared today communicating dying persons professional training doctors nurses comfortable attitudes death comfortable attitudes death easier help conclusion dr ross found dying patients ask information condition told person terminal illness death questions arise person wishes die immediately person wishes die conditions hopeless coma flat eeg martha automobile accident brought hospital deep coma
eldest girl attempted unconscious unaffected bestowed slim undeveloped figure camp chair turned leaves hymn book pumping organ mother observed think nice sing twenty tonight sweet jesus love homeward bound individuals diverse grades walks noticing small group disposing fashion hesitated moment eye askance paused ascertain character hesitancy construed apparently constitute attention mobile seized began addressing specifically hear let sing twenty sweet jesus love young girl began interpret melody organ emitting thin correct strain joining high soprano mother dubious baritone father children piped weakly boy girl hymn books small pile stacked organ sang nondescript indifferent street audience gazed held peculiarity unimportant looking family publicly raising collective voice vast skepticism apathy interested moved sympathetically tame inadequate figure girl organ impractical materially inefficient texture father weak blue eyes flabby poorly clothed figure failure
conditions stood extraordinary economic social inexperience griffiths asa elvira dovetailed neatly dreams asa elvira knowledge actual character enter scarcely mean morally imaginatively financially stopped hotel fourth class days eaten restaurant class catered individuals low financial level forms contact involved carrying bags guests door hotel office boy clyde temperament occurred naively assumed pay necessity small say dollars week actually clyde deserts view mrs griffiths practical husband times intensely interested clyde economic welfare children actually wondering clyde sudden enthusiastic changing situation according story involved longer hours pay
trivial contact utmost significance clyde seen girl charm deign look imagined found pretty actually interested sufficiently accompany dinner show true flirt sincere maybe expect center attentions knew tell true promise tuesday met corner street wyandotte green davidson excited flattered scarcely arrange jumbled thoughts emotions seemly show worthy exotic toilet hair butterfly tie silk muffler silk socks emphasize bright brown shoes purchased especially occasion import tell appearance interested trick chose waiting nearly clock delay brought deepest dejection spirit supposing interval decided care wish
fancied lacked education poorly moves city city early youth permitted collect sum practical training field permit thought aspire worlds appeared part soul yearned lived fine houses stopped hotels squires manager bell hops wait arrange comfort bell hop close twenty times sad wished wished rise remain bell hop times feared reached conclusion regard improve safeguard future uncle samuel griffiths arrived chicago connections card club obvious civility directly days place conferring individuals hurrying fro meet visit concerns deemed important hour arrived charge pegboard door moment finished posting uncle board signaled clyde
dissatisfaction samuel griffiths proceeded add house dinner pretty soon won thought haven able attend spoken mother sir replied gilbert tactful show opposition waiting say suppose samuel find stopping sunday wouldn bad haven noting flicker doubt disapproval son eyes added nephew cousin afford ignore entirely wouldn speak mother night arrange closed drawer desk looking papers took hat coat left office consequence discussion invitation clyde sunday thirty participate griffiths family meal sunday thirty served important family dinner invited local visiting friends family
part parcel household roberta found narrow restricted wholly unlike narrow restricted homes lines according newtons strictly observed breaking factory employee accommodate customs sort christian factory employees arrived found making satisfactory breakfast newton dining room shared grace girls nearly age opal olive pope connected cranston company young electrician fred worked city lighting plant immediately breakfast joining procession hour mills river door invariably met company factory girls women boys relative ages say weary looking women looked wraiths human beings issued streets houses vicinity crowd general streets thickened central avenue prettier girls type factory knowing sought roberta saw contacts worse
dark flame candle stands air moves tunnel save hand paper earth fearful word laws say transgression root evil broken laws save body strange legs stretched ground wall shadow head walls cracked water runs thin threads sound black glistening blood stole candle larder home street sweepers sentenced ten palace corrective detention discovered matters matters light precious waste write need crime matters save secret evil precious write council mercy wish speak ears equality written iron bracelet wear left wrists names twenty feet tall burden feet tall
dare choose minds leave home students council vocations prescribe council vocations knows wisdom needed brother unworthy minds needed brother reason burden earth bodies knew childhood curse broke guilty confess guilty transgression preference preferred lessons listen history councils elected rebirth loved science things wished things earth asked questions teachers forbade think mysteries sky water plants grow council scholars mysteries council scholars knows things learned teachers learned earth flat sun revolves night learned names winds blow seas push sails ships
committed crime changed things curse drove crime street sweeper brother street sweepers save cursed wish looked stars night trees earth cleaned yard home scholars gathered glass vials pieces metal dried bones discarded wished things study place hide carried city cesspool discovery spring street sweepers brigades union half brain international union sickly lad stricken convulsions mouth eyes turn white international tall strong youth eyes fireflies laughter eyes look international smile answer liked home students proper smile reason liked took pieces coal drew pictures walls pictures laugh
days passed speak golden sky turned white sun burst spread flame air fields lay breath dust road white glow women field weary tarried road golden stood hedge waiting stopped saw eyes hard scornful looking obey word speak thoughts liberty asked golden call equality think looked straight eyes held head high answered unconquered speak thoughts forbidden golden think thoughts wish think looked eyes lie yes whispered smiled dearest obey stepped eyes wide speak words whispered words asked answer knew
stood held head hands conceive created touched flint fire light light light heart metal blew candle darkness swallowed left save night thin thread flame crack wall prison stretched hands wire saw fingers red glow body feel moment existed save hands wire glowing black abyss thought meaning lay light tunnel city cities save metal wires give brothers light cleaner brighter known power sky bidding limits secrets grant choose ask knew discovery waste sweeping streets secret buried ground bring sight need need rooms home scholars want help brother scholars wisdom joined
saw entered save sky windows blue glowing saw scholars sat table shapeless clouds huddled rise sky famous names knew distant lands names heard saw painting wall heads twenty illustrious invented candle heads council turned entered wise earth think looked wonder curiosity miracle true tunic torn stained brown stains blood raised arm greeting honored brothers council scholars collective oldest wisest council spoke asked brother look scholar equality answered street sweeper city wind stricken hall scholars spoke angry frightened street sweeper street sweeper walking council scholars believed rules laws knew stop
giant aspect beginning awaken sleeping porch dutch colonial house residential district zenith known floral heights george babbitt forty april butter shoes poetry nimble calling selling houses afford pay large head pink brown hair thin dry face babyish slumber despite wrinkles red spectacle dents slopes nose fat exceedingly fed cheeks pads hand lay helpless khaki colored blanket slightly puffy prosperous extremely married unromantic altogether unromantic appeared sleeping porch looked sizable elm respectable grass plots cement driveway corrugated iron garage babbitt dreaming fairy child dream romantic scarlet silver sea fairy child saw georgie babbitt discerned gallant youth waited darkness mysterious groves slip crowded house darted wife clamoring friends sought follow escaped girl fleet crouched shadowy hillside
mattered supple swift flushed eyes believed cynical candidly eager gentle waved hand poor dumpy verona drawled yes guess re pretty ridiculous guess necktie smear babbitt barked re admiring let tell add manly beauty wiped egg mouth verona giggled momentary victor greatest wars family war ted looked hopelessly shrieked love pete quit pouring sugar bowl corn flakes verona ted upstairs babbitt groaned wife nice family say don pretend lamb maybe cross grained breakfast jab jab simply stand swear feel going place peace think spent lifetime trying give kids chance decent education pretty discouraging hear bunch hyenas curious paper says silent mom seen morning paper dear twenty married mrs babbitt seen paper husband sixty times
babbitt entered office street customers feel insider corridor building enter door greeted villagers unknown inhabited reeves building corridors elevator runners starter engineers superintendent doubtful looking lame conducted news cigar stand city dwellers living constricted valley interested building main street entrance hall stone floor severe marble ceiling windows shops liveliest place street reeves building barber shop babbitt embarrassment patronized glittering barber shop hotel passed reeves shop ten times hundred times felt untrue village greeted honorable salutations villagers marched office peace dignity morning unheard heard immediately stanley graff salesman talking telephone tragic lack firm manner disciplines clients say uh think house suit percival house linton seen strike huh babbitt marched private room coop oak frosted glass office reflected hard find employees faith going sales
don intend suppose kind plenty fellows profession stoop hate competitors older understood business going movies running lot fool girls dresses knees powdered painted rouged god knows chorus girls suppose thing stand real estate circles zenith speak friendliest terms institute spirit brotherhood cooperation certainly suppose imagine hating dirty society sneak cecil theres going wouldn require fancy ducks swimming strokes mirror flipflops suppose place fellow called vile names think want box jump dancing master lay cold certainly hope son mine dust hands business going boxing lessons mail yes wanted show kinds correspondence courses teach high
moment seneca doane radical lawyer dr kurt report destruction epithelial cells radium zenith known munich prague rome talking doane library zenith city gigantic power gigantic buildings gigantic machines gigantic transportation meditated doane hate city standardized beauty big railroad station taking tickets cemeteries dr placidly doane roused hanged sick kurt perpetual whine standardization don suppose nation standardized standardized england house afford muffins tea hour retired general going exactly evensong gray stone church square tower harris saying prosperous ass love england standardization look sidewalk cafes france love making italy standardization excellent se buy ingersoll watch ford tool money precisely getting leaves energy individual remember london saw picture american suburb toothpaste ad saturday evening post elm lined snowy street houses georgian em low raking roofs
wives hard tell early evening glance looked alike nice tone determined liveliness eye similar littlefield hedge scholar tall horse faced chum trifle soft mouse hair advertising profession poet silk cord eyeglasses broad coarse black hair en eddie bald bouncing young showed taste elegance evening waistcoat figured black silk glass buttons orville jones steady looking stubby memorable person hemp colored toothbrush mustache fed clean shouted evenin georgie cousins strange thing longer knew women alike longer knew alike bold patterns appeared drinking cocktails canonical rite mixing company waited uneasily hopefully agreeing strained manner weather warm slightly cold babbitt drinks despondent late couple arrived babbitt hinted folks think stand breaking law looked chum recognized lord language
steamships frequently stroller docks considerable sea port occasionally attention arrested group bronzed mariners war merchant sailors holiday attire ashore liberty instances flank body guard surround superior figure class moving lesser lights constellation signal object handsome sailor prosaic alike military merchant navies perceptible trace vainglorious hand natural accept spontaneous homage shipmates remarkable instance recurs liverpool half century ago saw shadow dingy street wall prince dock obstruction removed common sailor intensely black needs native african blood ham symmetric figure average height ends gay silk handkerchief thrown loose neck danced displayed ebony chest ears big hoops gold scotch highland bonnet tartan band set shapely head hot noon july face lustrous perspiration beamed barbaric humor jovial sallies left white teeth flashing view center company shipmates
officer listened amused interest waxing merry tipple blessed peacemakers especially fighting peacemakers seventy beauties poking noses port holes yonder warship lying pointing cabin window indomitable courage don look downhearted pledge advance royal rest assured majesty delighted hard tack sought sailors resent borrowing tar service majesty say delighted learn shipmaster cheerfully surrenders king flower flock sailor equal loyalty makes dissent beauty ah looking cabin open door comes jove lugging chest apollo portmanteau stepping big box aboard warship boxes shot boxes put duds bag lad boot saddle cavalryman bag hammock war transfer chest bag seeing cutter lieutenant pushed rights
hold present worth past forgiven solitary hulk portsmouth nelson victory float decaying monument fame incorruptible poetic reproach softened monitors mightier hulls european ironclads altogether craft unsightly unavoidably lacking symmetry grand lines battle ships equally reasons altogether inaccessible poetic reproach alluded behalf order disposed parry extent need prompted sight star inserted victory designating spot sailor fell martial utilitarians suggest considerations implying nelson ornate publication person battle unnecessary military nay savored foolhardiness vanity add trafalgar effect challenge death death bravado victorious admiral possibly survived battle sagacious dying injunctions overruled successor command contest decided brought shattered fleet anchor proceeding averted deplorable loss shipwreck elemental tempest martial
passion passion profoundest thing demanding palatial stage whereon play part groundlings beggars garbage profound passion enacted circumstances provoke trivial mean measure power present instance stage scrubbed gun deck external war spilled soup master arms noticed greasy fluid streaming feet extent mere accident assuredly sly escape spontaneous feeling billy part answering antipathy effect foolish demonstration thought harmless futile kick heifer heifer shod stallion harmless gall envy infused vitriol contempt incident confirmed tell tale reports ear squeak cunning corporals grizzled nicknamed sailors account squeaky voice sharp visage dark corners lower decks interlopers satirically suggesting idea rat cellar chief employing implicit tool laying traps worriment master arms petty persecutions heretofore proceeded corporal naturally concluded master love sailor business faithful foment ill blood chief innocent inventing mouth sundry epithets claimed overheard let fall
espied afternoon smokers forward part upper gun deck allotted pipe recognized general cut build round freckled face glassy eyes pale blue veiled lashes white billy bit uncertain yonder chap age chatting laughing free hearted leaning gun genial young fellow look rattle brain appearance chubby sailor short think overburdened thoughts especially perilous thoughts needs belong conspirator project conspirator altho billy aware fellow sidelong watchful glance perceived billy noting billy looking nodded familiar sort friendly recognition acquaintance interrupting talk engaged group smokers chancing evening promenade gun deck pass billy offered flying word fellowship circumstances embarrassed billy knew respond let unnoticed billy left loss
handsome sailor signal figure crew naturally attracted captain attention tho general demonstrative officers congratulated lieutenant ratcliffe fortune lighting fine specimen genus homo nude posed statue young adam fall billy adieu ship rights boarding lieutenant reported deferential story aught captain tho mistakenly understanding satiric sally thought impressed military sailor admiring spirit arbitrary enlistment merrily sensibly conduct fallen captain notice confirmed happy recruit qualities sailor thought recommending executive officer promotion place frequently bring observation captaincy top replacing starboard watch young partly reason deemed fitted post top handle heavy canvas lower sails young stuff adapted duty fact generally selected captaincy top company light hands striplings
mrs luna glanced head foot gave smiling sigh sum addition basil ransom looked hard discouraging column figures spite friendly face bent hostess deputy thinness deep dry line sort premature wrinkle side mouth tall lean dressed black shirt collar low wide triangle linen crumpled exhibited opening waistcoat adorned pin small red stone spite decoration young looked poor poor young look fine head magnificent eyes basil ransom dark deep glowing head character elevation fairly added stature head seen level crowd judicial bench political platform bronze medal forehead high broad thick black hair perfectly straight glossy division rolled leonine manner things eyes especially smouldering fire american statesman hand simply proved carolina alabama
window dining room moment heard carriage drive miss birdseye lived south end distance considerable miss chancellor ordered coach advantages living charles street stables logic conduct clearest proceeded destination aid street car economy fortune obliged consult degree love wandering boston night kind exposure greatly disliked reason theory devotedly nursed theory bade put invidious differences mingle common foot boylston street public conveyance heart loathed south end boston full poor girls walk night squeeze horse cars sense displeased hold superior olive chancellor regulated conduct lofty principles tonight advantage gentlemen protection carriage obliterate patronage common owe daring belonged sex wished obligations
don say acquainted heard platform paid half dollar doctor added grimness convince ransom inquired convince sir women superior doctor prance impatient sigh guess women opinion hope ransom laughing women doctor prance remarked don difference room improvement sexes standard ransom asking standard appeared live declare thought talked ransom conviction heart warmed doctor prance paid homage wisdom manner mississippi richness compliment turn acute suspicious eye checked capable thinking talked apparently general conversation matter rate observe believed lecture mrs didn didn begin yes doctor prance drily suppose miss birdseye called
public olive repeated public don imagine pure voice hushed hushed sweet raised scream forced cracked ruined remain miss chancellor looking gathering praying exceeding scorn voice help immense power immense power quackery dear miss olive broke basil ransom lips spite vow say aggravate hostess tension difficult detect lowered tone friendly pleading offensive word smile moved backwards push ah reckless mrs luna remarked drawing ribbons mirror don think interfere knew understand miss chancellor ransom mean delightful sex don understand miss olive explain mrs luna finished toilet ransom offered hand farewell hostess olive found impossible ignore gesture
suffered hoped consideration interior bad desired desired order feel milieu draw altogether olive wished extract definite pledge say felt absolute sanctity bind occasion shape mind began saw wait awhile mrs house complete figure manner doubt left vulgar olive chancellor despised vulgarity scent family rising flush detected taint times miss birdseye antique poorest humblest obscure persons safe miss chancellor happier movements interested carried liked revolutions didn begin internal convulsions sacrifices executions
dear child young strangely young thousand lived generations centuries experience imagination consistent fresh bright creature constantly forgetting difference mere child child destined things forgot night remembered pass phase wrong pretend suppress clear jealousy spoke restless hungry jealousy give say woman quality don want signature want confidence springs hope soul won marry don promised think noble makes sacrifice priests real priests married dream demands kind priesthood poor friendship faith charity interesting occupation combination live seen cares straw heart trying accomplish
chemists methods consider shortly isolated thousands pure substances substances divided classes called elements broken chemical means pure substances pure substances compounds compound definition pure substance broken elements latest count known elements occur naturally elements familiar charcoal outdoor grills nearly pure carbon electrical wiring jewelry water pipes copper metallic element element aluminum household utensils shiny liquid thermometers metallic element mercury chemistry element identified symbol consists letters derived element symbol carbon aluminum al symbol comes latin element compounds elements copper mercury known ancient times symbols cu hg examples include familiar device organize properties elements periodic table shown inside cover text elements similar chemically fall directly beneath table later chapters consider rationale table variety purposes
reagent grade solid chemicals laboratory purified fractional crystallization process start impure solid wish purify small amount impurity mixture dissolved minimum amount hot solvent boiling water fig solution cooled ice water bath goes solid separates cooling pure filtered dried solution remains filtrate impurity small amount filtrate ordinarily discarded obtain pure solid fractional crystallization conditions apply major component soluble high low temperatures lost remain solution cooling referring figure futile try purify sodium chloride fractional crystallization water solubility nearly independent temperature contrast process works potassium nitrate times soluble amount impurity small tend crystallize cooling contaminating desired product likely happen mixture recrystallizations required obtain pure
prior concept particulate nature matter based largely intuition english schoolteacher john dalton developed explanation laws chemistry known atomic theory dalton ideas discarded chemists learned structure matter essentials theory withstood test main postulates modern atomic theory dalton examples illustrate meaning element composed tiny particles called atoms atoms element show chemical properties element oxygen oxygen atoms atoms small seen weighed directly oxygen atoms behave chemically atoms elements properties ordinary chemical reaction atom element disappears changed atom element chemical behavior oxygen atoms hydrogen atoms kind element hydrogen oxygen react hydrogen oxygen atoms react present water formed atoms element formed compounds formed atoms elements combine compound relative numbers atoms kind definite constant general relative numbers expressed simple fractions compound water hydrogen atoms oxygen atoms combined
fact ideal gas law applies gases gaseous simple treat theoretical point view gases properties common follow natural law maxwell boltzmann clausius developed kinetic theory gases explain similarities behavior gases based idea gases behave similarly particle motion concerned kinetic theory modified slightly present form successful scientific theories ranks stature atomic theory matter gases consist particles atoms molecules continuous random motion particles undergo frequent collisions container walls pressure exerted gas due forces wall collisions fig collisions gas particles elastic particles collide individual energies change typically speeds slows total energy remains kinetic energy converted heat result temperature gas insulated surroundings change average energy translational motion gas particle directly proportional temperature temperature average energy gases energy motion particle place related speed equation
electron behaves wave fundamental problem bohr atom position wave instant hope determine wavelength energy amplitude obvious tell precisely electron wave extends space idea position electron atom nebulous say scientists speculating problem convinced bohr model abandoned idea electron revolving nucleus fixed orbit definite radius simply correspond reality entirely approach required treat electrons atoms molecules discipline called quantum mechanics developed describe motion small particles confined tiny regions space main concern quantum mechanics find expressions energies particles quantum mechanical atom attempt position electron instant quantum mechanics concern path electron takes nucleus say electron certainly don quantum mechanics deals probability finding particle region space tells chance finding electron nm hydrogen nucleus
recall section ionization energy decreases move periodic table increases move left relates directly trends metallic character discussed metallic elements tend low ionization energies explains metals readily form positive ions na means metal electrons free move physical properties high electron mobility include metals typically electrical conductivities hundred times greater typical nonmetals silver electrical conductor expensive general copper conductivity close silver metal commonly electrical wiring poor conductor mercury electrical devices silent light switches liquid conductor required solids metals conductors heat unwittingly picked hot pan vouch property metals ductile capable drawn wire malleable capable hammered thin sheets gold hammered sheets thin transparent wire mile drawn gold metal electrons act glue holding atomic nuclei result metal crystals deformed shattering crystal nonmetal breaks small pieces hammer try draw wire
recorded history tried alter environment improve tinkering unexpected results earliest examples altering environment involve farming ago sumerians lower tigris euphrates valley built system canals dikes system control yearly floodwaters carry water crops dry areas water flowed mountains picked salts hills reached fields water plants rest evaporated left salts soil collected centuries salt content soil high crops grow babylonians occupied land paid price tinkering early egyptian pharoahs built pyramids ago quarry huge amounts stone pyramid needed million metric tons stone process obtaining stone landscape badly scarred india method making rust resistant iron discovered method later persians arabs fine damascus steel swords holy wars unexpected later application indian discovery chinese discovered explosive mixture potassium nitrate fireworks amusement
chemistry science engineering hand approach problem solving engineer facts generated scientists solve everyday problems engineers chemists deal technology chemical engineer performs functions broad definition person designs builds operates chemical plants industrial plants chemistry design function involves working chemists investigated process plant built design engineer call engineers research aspects design typically problem solved types materials construction raw materials intermediate substances final product corrosive require special handling stainless steel piping titanium pumps needed ability resist corrosion chemical plant built small scale duplicate called pilot plant constructed general full scale plants designed simply multiplying process performed lab number doubling amount raw materials size reaction vessel produce desired result development process takes place stages final production chemical engineer monitors aspects process chemical engineers oversee construction plant ensure specifications met direct operations plant goes production functions engineer knowledge economics business decisions sources raw materials selling price product overtime
properties substance divided classes class depends substance depends part action substance presence substances class properties called physical properties length color temperature physical properties physical properties divided groups extensive properties intensive properties extensive properties depend amount matter present properties mass length volume intensive properties depend amount matter present sample substance regardless size density intensive properties include malleability ductility conductivity copper hammered easily thin sheets malleable iron resists pounding copper drawn fine wire ductile copper silver high heat electrical conductivity high heat conductivity electrical conductivity means substance offers resistance flow heat electricity silver high heat conductivity silver spoon hot left hot pan soup addition density intensive properties important chemist color crystalline shape melting point boiling point refractive index ability bend light pounding pulling heating change chemical character substance pounded copper copper physical appearance changed called physical
planck hypothesis stated energy quanta continuously bohr pointed absorption light hydrogen definite wavelengths means definite energy electron reasoned orbits electrons surrounding nucleus definite diameter according bohr electrons occupy orbits orbits allowed differences energy equaled energy absorbed atom excited bohr thought electrons atom absorb emit energy numbers photons words electron emit energy quantum quanta quanta bohr pictured hydrogen atom electron circling nucleus distance nm imagined electron absorb quantum energy move larger orbit quantum represents amount energy orbit definite distance energy added electron moves larger orbit electron drops larger orbit smaller energy emitted orbits represent definite energy levels definite amount energy radiated size smallest orbit electron occupy closest nucleus calculated smallest orbit called ground electron bohr calculated ground hydrogen electron
solutions schrodinger equation proved difficult mathematicians solved exactly simple cases involving hydrogen atom quantum numbers solution wave equation mentioned section numbers represent energy states electron schrodinger atomic model energy states place emission absorption numbers photons simple hydrogen atom solution wave equation accurate energy states differences energy states correspond lines observed hydrogen spectrum complex atoms interaction electrons makes solution equation impossible recall electrons charge repel spite difficulty scientists close finding electronic structure atoms making assumption calculate single energy states simple hydrogen atom quantum number arrive assume electrons atom occupy energy states affecting quantum numbers electron atom unique set quantum numbers discuss quantum number separately starting electron occupy specific energy levels energy levels numbered starting proceeding higher principal quantum number corresponds energy levels calculated hydrogen atom
electron highest energy level electron atom outer level true electron electrons theoretically outer level neutral atom diagonal rule page sublevels hold electrons sublevels hold largest number electrons outer level basic rules chemistry atom electrons outer level stable rule called octet rule helium atom electrons outer level stable elements outer level level hold electrons full outer level consider octet rule include helium periodic table originally constructed placing elements similar properties column atom chemical properties determined electron configuration reversing procedure table constructed table read configuration element written configuration element group ia end configuration means outer level atom group ia elements electron coefficient easily found table number period energy level potassium fourth period group ia
women opposite getting ready station packed knitting collected parcels sat staring boy thin face large eyes looked patient sad notice son asked fat woman suddenly seen train question dreaded say unexpected real silly pet names real fashioned parts fen st agnes gunning christian mum dad live round son live burma fancy going don going grandmother green noah station penny station don forget station sure dry land train floods bad bye bye cheerio shouting joking porters kissing meet started hissing rain loved heard fat woman loud voice saying don mind home rain dirty london water
moment fire pop shot piece wood room pop buttons buttons poor mrs noah chased sparks trod put live castle looking round castles meant live thought fairy tales real castle course mean things happen castles books yes things happen sort things wait waiting happens sure tomorrow explore inside house learn feel home won able floods room bed early night led winding stairs high arched room knight hall called music room stairs top house room roof ceiling shape roof beams showing room triangle wall end walls sides sloping ceiling floor tent windows sides low wooden bed middle covered patchwork quilt unlike school bed
rooms downstairs seen chair table blue tea pot mug live asked boggis looked teasing bright blue eyes depends call living awake home sleeps fifty twelve course knew father worked rooms downstairs park gates doors stables boggis briefly breath sawing thought horses lived grand rooms special horses aye fine horses lad shining sun dressed lords overcoat led striking sparks cobbles hooves shaking bridles proper grandfather rare horse breathing secrets ears boggis sawing roamed round eyes getting patchy light found trap doors lift row side broken lay hinges square hole underneath stable wall iron basket hold hay climbed
sound wind windows air full birds snow downstairs dog barked pyjama jacket sure mouse squeaked lady trembling excitement laid flute flute case books hands touched dared suddenly shut lid let feed birds called look rest breakfast hurried finish dressing met downstairs faces bright excitement difference age alike flakes snow blotted distant view bushes garden upholstered fat snow cushions yew trees house huge tattered snow umbrellas branches weighed nearly ground shielded snow underneath birds gathered wait breakfast shaking snow settled heads backs flight round upper windows bird party celebrate finding flute mrs yes butter hands put plates cake crumbs grated cheese floor ready opened door wide flute hand played birds flew chaffinches cole tits blue tits longtailed tits robins wrens hedge sparrows immediately
black ferdie tall slim handsome girl say smiled equal horse breaker rider afraid horse earth horses afraid sat devil relentlessly famous gypsies pride mother fact horse thief black ferdie soon heard father mare mind steal began watch house hiring farmers hedge cutter order attract attention cut gypsy hair washed face girl called ivy worked grandmother linen maid hang washing hedge dry pretty girl loved talk laugh black ferdie knew soon saw easy spoke handsome amusing flattering soon friend think brought washing dry wait longer wet days agony sit darning black ferdie called tom asked place hall
poor wonder hear flutes tunnel grass home put mole waited shuffle heap dead leaves hid hole sat looking empty glimmering magical tent dreaming crept snow curtains sun shining snow sky blue garden thrush trying whistle alexander tune footsteps thought feel lost looked hump green deer slightly rumpled look bed pretending thin place snow recognized bent brown stem deer leg tripped fell full length snow slipped snow mouth began feel dreadfully tired bit garden journey glad reached house mrs waiting door saw eyes shining big lamps gentle sit help rid snow expect full
mean physical health physical health means body strong meet demands everyday living physically handle activities stresses means cope unexpected emergencies humans social beings means need enrich lives social health involves making keeping friends able groups mental health hardest part health define say person mentally healthy mean things mental health accepting ability cope daily stress involves learning information skills developing thinking ability involves emotional health mentally healthy understand feelings express emotions acceptable ways dimensions health defined separately closely related think social mental health affected cold hungry tired physical mental health affected problems friends accomplish proud feel feelings affect physical social health order improve level health areas assess health
exercise important factor fit health habits affect level fitness health habits especially important enter adolescence adolescence period rapid growth physical occur body period physical growth change requires extra energy body depends give food proper healthy growth body depends give repairs rest getting adequate amount sleep vital health personal hygiene grooming health habits contribute fitness physical body caused sweat glands active resulting perspiration body odor daily cleanliness habits washing soap water help protect unpleasant body odor body oil glands active main reason acne problem adolescence look diagram skin oil gland opens hair follicle oil leaves hair follicle pore surface skin pore clogged oil builds forming blackhead whitehead clogged pore infected pimple develops pus inflammation pore cleanliness important healthy skin wash face times soap water try pick pimples leave scar
thought ears vital part total fitness ear complex organs body ears delicate structures affect hearing sense balance sound waves enter ear travel eardrum causing vibrate vibration moves tiny bones middle ear bones connected snail shaped structure ear called cochlea cochlea filled fluid nerve endings fluid vibrates nerve endings send impulses brain brain interprets sound parts ear send messages brain movement brain responds messages keeps body balanced regular hearing checkups help determine ears working properly avoid damage ears putting foreign objects ears avoiding loud noises protects ears continued exposure loud noise hearing loss dental health habits important maintaining high level fitness teeth vital physical social mental tooth gum neglect health problems teeth poor condition diet affected chewing difficult result improper nutrition tooth neglect create social mental health problems teeth affect personality attractive smile important factor greet
noticed past listed ways changed elementary school list middle fastest growth periods growth development ongoing process continues death growth development predictable growth occurs specific sequence predict place olds olds growth follows pattern rate varies individual person unique studied general patterns growth closely child development experts general growth characteristics decide skills knowledge person develop ages skills develop early childhood learn think pattern education preschool kindergarten eventually entered grade learned skills information important olds teachers growth patterns skills olds ready learn grade gained knowledge skills moving grade continued building skills knowledge order gaining knowledge skills arrive today
multiple births mystery medical role heredity multiple births uncertain fraternal twins result separate egg cells fertilized sperm cells babies develop babies sex opposite sex born fraternal twins alike brothers sisters genetic code identical twins occur reason fertilized egg divides develops babies babies carry exactly genes chromosomes reason identical twins sex babies boys babies girls identical physical characteristics amazing exception fingerprints twin unique fingerprint scientists chance study mystery identical twins separated birth reunited later jim lewis jim identical twins raised families led completely separate lives reunion discovered common school liked math disliked spelling married wives named linda wives named betty son named james allen spelled alan dog named toy drove kind car chose similar careers twins medical histories alike
body eat body eliminated waste solid liquid solid waste remains food digested large intestine stores solid waste leaves body blood carries nutrients cells picks cells waste blood needs rid waste room nutrients blood passes kidneys organs located close waistline body body filtering system blood passes kidneys extra water salts wastes removed cleaning blood liquid waste removed kidneys called urine urine passes kidneys bladder tubes called ureters bladder stores urine ready pass body urine passes body tube called urethra heart blood vessels circulatory system heart muscle divided chambers top chambers called atrium left atrium bottom chambers called ventricle left ventricle atrium ventricle separated valve controls flow blood heart large blood vessel called pulmonary artery carries blood heart lungs lungs blood exchanges waste carbon dioxide picked cells body oxygen
earth formed atmosphere today scientists believe hydrogen helium abundant atmosphere earth young gases present atmosphere smaller quantities hydrogen helium gases lightest substances known likely gases quickly escaped space earth cooled solid matter hot lava volcanic eruptions released additional gases atmosphere mainly compounds ammonia methane water vapor carbon dioxide rays sun decomposed broke compounds elemental gases nitrogen oxygen hydrogen hydrogen escaped space nitrogen heavy escape earth gravity gradually accumulated atmosphere oxygen existed earth original atmosphere small quantities green plants developed earth half billion ago oxygen important ingredient atmosphere presence sunlight green plants extract carbon dioxide atmosphere carbon dioxide manufacturing food process called photosynthesis plants release oxygen atmosphere waste product fig number green plants gradually increased oxygen added atmosphere course carbon dioxide removed atmosphere photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide atmosphere addition carbon dioxide present original atmosphere dissolved ocean
air pressure operate vacuum cleaners suck soda pop drinking straws devices vacuum cleaner motor driven fan blows air inside tank tank air leaves tank air pressure inside tank reduced air pressure tank air rushes tank hose connected tank rush air carries dirt collects tank bag vacuum cleaner drinking straw works according principle put straw glass liquid suck end straw remove air inside straw removal air reduces air pressure inside straw air pressure constantly pushing surface liquid air pressure greater air pressure inside straw air pressure pushes liquid straw mouth fig thing happens squeeze bulb medicine dropper place tip liquid release bulb barometer instrument measures air pressure barometer invented italian physicist named torricelli torricelli completely filled glass tube millimeters sealed end mercury holding thumb open end tube prevent escape mercury torricelli turned tube upside open end tube dish mercury
aware temperature air changing temperature air varies hour hour season season variation depends climate weather occurs amount heat atmosphere continually changing temperature air important factor environment temperature affects organism type organism survives temperature suits usual temperatures region suddenly change living things die living things migrate travel suitable region tropical regions temperature warm vary season season find greatest number variety plants animals temperature region depends heat energy region receives loses turn amounts heat energy received lost depend amounts heat energy present land water masses region atmosphere region chapter study major source earth heat energy heat energy affects atmosphere heat form energy particles atoms molecules matter constant motion heat energy describing fast atoms molecules moving faster atoms molecules move substance hotter substance higher temperature
water vapor condenses solid objects called dew hot weather water vapor condenses glass cold water dew temperature water begins condense called dew point dew point depends amount water vapor present atmosphere air temperature water vapor liquid air temperature falls low air saturated words dew point temperature water vapor capacity air decreased point part water vapor condenses liquid observed part laboratory experience samples humid air dry air temperature cooled rate coming contact flask ice water humid air saturated fig water vapor condense form dew table page tells sample air capacity grains water vapor sample air holding grains saturated holding water vapor humid air cools table shows capacity drop grains case grains water vapor condense liquid contrast consider sample dry air grains water vapor
pressure temperature humidity atmosphere constantly changing affecting lives changing seasons sources daily weather weather important health comfort plants animals food means transportation knowing advance weather helps adjust knowledge save crops lives severe storms threaten able predict weather accurately dream thousands middle nineteenth century weather forecasting based superstition guesswork animals plants believed capable anticipating weather watching behaved supposed able predict coming weather farmer pigs returned barn straw mouths rain supposed fall shortly weather forecasting based appearance sky type forecasting reliable watching animal behavior forecasts expressed form jingles benjamin franklin postmaster general united states contributed knowledge weather noting storms moved place letters received friends cities learned storms letters occurred dates differed dates storms occurred city
meteorologists predict weather accurately entire month attempting predict average weather periods attempts based observation kinds weather follow cycles cold front passes kinds weather patterns develop cold front passes kinds weather patterns irregularities patterns accurate range forecasts week period accuracy forecast diminishes rapidly modern weather forecasting completely accurate completely understand complex movements energy place atmosphere future data gathered analyzed computers meteorologists learn complicated ways forces atmosphere forces act able improve range weather forecasts considerably climate general character weather exists region earth period unlike weather represents hour hour atmosphere region climate average weather region major factors characterize climate region temperature precipitation surface earth heated evenly land masses oceans polar ice masses distributed evenly surface earth climate varies greatly region region
part nineteenth century believed atoms smallest particles matter experiments led scientists suspect presence particles smaller atom close nineteenth century scientists discovered atom composed kinds smaller subatomic particles particles carries electric charge sir william crookes british scientist observed gases low pressure conduct electricity glass tube small quantity gas metal electrodes sealed end fig high voltage established electrodes crookes saw green glow walls tube account observation suggested comes electrodes travels straight line strikes glass walls tube numerous experiments low pressure gas tubes ten established negatively charged particles called electrons emitted negative electrode called cathode experiment metal cross inserted gas tube shown fig green glow appeared region shadow cast cross apparently metal stopped flow electrons experiments showed positively charged particles called protons emitted positive electrode called anode experiments kind clear matter electrical nature
elements found earth occur uncombined form gold neon elements tendency react occur natural compounds elements combine individual elements lose physical chemical properties compound forms entirely set properties familiar number natural compounds sodium reacts chlorine form sodium chloride nacl table salt hydrogen reacts oxygen form water carbon reacts oxygen form carbon dioxide examples compounds million compounds formed elements atomic diagrams help elements react molecules compounds formed nature things tend stable stone rolls downhill unaided roll uphill stone bottom hill stable stone top hill chemists observed elements stable reactive stable elements outermost shells filled capacity elements called noble gases table page shows helium electrons outermost shell shell neon electrons outermost shell shell argon electrons outermost shell shell cases outermost shell filled capacity
element represented chemical symbol compound represented chemical formula formula symbols elements present compound numbers number atoms element present seen examples formulas chapter symbol atom represents specific atomic weight formula reveals weight composition compound number atoms called subscripts written symbol element formula formula molecule water formula tells hydrogen oxygen present tells atoms hydrogen combined atom oxygen means weight composition water atomic weights hydrogen atomic weight oxygen note formula subscript shown symbol oxygen cases understood atom element present similarly formula sulfur dioxide means molecule sulfur dioxide atom sulfur atoms oxygen table shows formulas common compounds simple compounds let review chemical formula tells formula water molecule compound composed atoms hydrogen atom oxygen total atoms
particles settle suspension attractive force gravity force stronger gravity acts suspension rate sedimentation increased understand process recall feeling spinning ride amusement park spinning ride rapid thrown outward force created spinning laboratory machine produce force called centrifuge fig process called clay water suspension test tube centrifuge spun sediment moves farthest end tube water free solid particles clear stays solid centrifuge stops spinning clear water poured separated clay method hastening sedimentation suspensions known coagulation carried process laboratory experience adding alum ammonium hydroxide suspension compounds react form jellylike mass suspended particles adhere particles jelly heavy mass settles rapidly supplying pure water drinking purposes important problems water obtained wells underground water sources remainder water supply obtained collecting water reservoirs direct rainfall runoff rain melted snow water runoff carries reservoirs undesirable materials fertilizers sewage chemical wastes industrial plants distasteful dissolved gases suspended material
everyday deal compounds chemists classify acids bases salts compounds present body food medicines compounds air water pollutants acid ingest daily citric acid present orange juice grapefruit juice juices ascorbic acid substance commonly known vitamin salads flavored vinegar dilute acetic acid acid substance wash eyes important acids oil refining drug manufacturing fertilizer production industries hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid nitric acid acids called mineral acids found chemical laboratory called mineral acids prepared naturally occurring compounds called minerals mineral acids generally stronger household acids handled care burn skin clothing dyes change color presence acid dyes show acid present called indicators litmus vegetable dye litmus blue prepared laboratory blue litmus exposed acid litmus turns red test acid convenience filter paper dipped litmus solution paper allowed dry sample acid blue litmus paper color red
sulfuric acid chemical widely industry sulfuric acid producing acids hydrochloric nitric acids boiling point sulfuric acid higher acids acid produced distilled collected separately starting materials sulfuric acid remove surface oxide layers metals process called pickling metals coated materials prevent rusting iron coated chromium chromium plating iron dipped dilute sulfuric acid remove iron oxide present surface iron important sulfuric acid storage cell lead storage cell fig dilute sulfuric acid serves electrolyte ions move electrode composed lead electrode composed lead dioxide lead electrode acts cathode lead dioxide acts anode cells connected type storage battery automobiles nitric acid important industrial acid manufacture fertilizers plastics photographic film dyes nitric acid preparation explosives dynamite tnt hydrochloric acid sulfuric acid clean metals clean brick tile hydrochloric acid manufacture sugar glue hydrochloric acid produced small quantities stomach acid aids digestion
nina ran curving asphalt path led small neighborhood park top waited tremendous view golden gate bench absorb stretched gazing leaves sky leg draped loose leaf binder collapsed stomach lay boy seen roundabout home school thumb binder keeping place pen writing homework books spilled grass turned head surveyed smiling looking coppery thatch turned stared visible branches going museum clean word hung mind ran path felt secure curator boy yes curator shouted curator friends couldn cared museums curators turned moved straggling line lower path girls going mother worked pleased turn radio full blast laugh scream eat cleared mother home
fifteen minutes side park dead ends heaviness downpour hard lift umbrella high read street signs nina lost tree lined street foot park boy stood waiting cable car ran reach corner saw cable car pulling blackly laden passengers honeypot bees room case climbing park going home knew ran heaving boughs trees past tall tiered homes set brick walls clipped tended gardens looked top park call mansions rich fabulous tall separate homes city apartment houses jammed tight homes big windows looking park side bay large perfectly cars drew turned nina stopped peering dripping edge mrs umbrella master briefcase folded newspaper leaned forward gathering possessions chauffeur drove car inclined drive garage door untouched human hands rose car advanced interior lighted master garage door
satisfactory turned harpsichord sat chair front ran hands keys played keys depressed course hear mind playing wouldn guess play instruments papa called give concerts dignitaries humiliating gave resigned shrug looked nina smiling derisive smile dolts children boy find ring girl lot wouldn believe don don put thing front noses nina studied vivid changing face felt girl quickness kind light flickering nervousness yesterday entirely mood looking ring nina shyly stare straight blinked fourth finger girl hand moment hovered lid ring remembered large pretentious hand rested instrument looked created hand expression personality girl older nina height nina granted age
auguste dr mam wrapped ring tissue paper put purse helena immediately delivered nina nina sitting edge couch putting shoes aware gray hollow depression sick reluctance thought delivered didn want mam taking home allowed walk dark yes san francisco mam nina hall rear rotunda door mam unlocked locked led museum mam car stood parking area crossed took nina arm mrs tells interesting things instance seriously want curator museum curator chief curator intrigued nina mam voice slid pitch don realize amount front study art history art criticism speak anthropology archaeology yes chemistry actually beginning doubt change dozen times re twenty nina don think mrs henry remember smell museum felt absolutely special place
looked moment shook head wanted let slip won makes difference anyway mean eyes held felt communion embarrassed rested mutual exchange complete ease gazes fell nina spoke lapsed private thought imagination mingled left began decided test concerning possibility seeing turned park school friends sitting grass bench noticing approached looking round nina opposite glanced saw binder lying knew unmistakable drawings cover ragged picked spine wasn hurried past left school running stairs going wholly absorbed overwhelming concern knew seen stood moment reflecting girls expecting waiting considering extreme privacy concerned contents notebook fact lying incongruous
week nina fear overcome desire hear husky voice rich finally chose museum found auguste courtyard setting finger ferns moist black shaded earth finished nina folded cross flagstones watch quick fingers presently furry side pressed arm head poked elbow surveyed nina lap stepped delicately curled settled nina stroked creamy faint markings lifted pale gray face auguste ave bad cat mean auguste ow er mrs er pet shop strange pussy cat siamese body tabby face legs tail think young ave museum cat call bring er jus tiny kitten stay girl pas blinked bliss comfort warmth opened mouth answer sound
wished kind stone columns treasure house king solomon spearheads warrior tribe met africa bronze iron prisoners jail london pay extra water wash let start story warned wild rambling nick sixteen age happened living key west florida junior key west high school love sailing remember interested boats father loved sailing lost sea sloop fifteen mother died smallest memories think photographs house father died live uncle hillary isolated house outskirts key west bachelor silent father talkative lively found uncle kind shy tried conversation stilted formal broke sentences interest books owned bookshop specializing rare books sailing warned seriously
looked place hide completely panicked drapes windows provided obvious hiding place obvious fashioned round table cloth reached floor hide finally closet uncle stored papers magazines miscellaneous books offered shut clock struck twelve doorknob turned door despite fact locked opened slowly dressed fashion hundred previously entered wore frock coat deep red color knees handsomely elaborately decorated silver white knee breeches white stockings blunt toed shoes large silver buckles strong handsome face weathered sun sea light blue eyes deep set shock realized marked resemblance uncle hillary looked room leisurely gave nod acknowledgment glance mild amusement walked desk working looked books picked volume dealing america nineteenth century read tossed scholar met nicholas voice touch mocking sensed meant harm
reason dr wilton quietly think going able rid fear face rest days lived fear kind hell fancy sort existence uncle sighed deeply shook head talking kind madness nicholas talking genetic memory concept centuries existing side side line tabletop ideas plain daylight reason nonsense reality pure fancies fear real dealt dr wilton firmly asked father spoken family martin father sailing florida keys lost sea uncle found boat intensive search coast guard mentioned presence want burden thought brother deranged suspect visited father
poor perked hearing speak sims thought says book truth wine say book says thing notable ancient writing drunk wanted sober dared drunk follow tack makes hang thought sober action drunk speak word asked roberts cutting sims remark looked hands smirking whispering strangely silent tied piece rope end jiggling travesty hanging martin stepped forward walking table judges seated stood hands hips looking straight sims apes africa teach humanity fancy teach lesson learn turned roberts opinion asked full responsibility actions roberts
crew jack winthrop huge quartermaster royal fortune mate clem matthews served number roberts matthews condition skin tanned sun turned red result nicknamed redbird thirties hair pure white including eyebrows eyelashes eyes pinkish cast fact albino eyesight keenest throw knife accuracy sport times scrubbing decks pitch knife distance fell close hand laugh baring teeth making noise laughing effect peculiarly menacing wholesome sam lord slow thinking curiously honest pirate judges peters called honest hands crew venture plain seamen ambition stay trouble james phipps edward hyde charles john atkins add munro scot spoke known dared set foot england british territory forfeit traitor
lost asked warfare famine sickness plagues gold coast europe warfare common tribe tribe hand hand warfare goes famine miracle site mines lost finding mines repay sea asked gold live honestly stood silent moment treasure seeks lies hard find misled glitter false gold orleans saw swamp bird seen delighted found island treasure lies mines solomon zest battle taking prizes sea sail dark course nicholas lights ahead leads safe harbor softly leave lost lost asked shook head question course birth death sail true leave days remained kind considerate captain ship genial friend aboard including salvation sims redbird pleasant word met
scientists greenhouse small healthy elm trees growing injected effective bacterium healthy trees observed bacterium established trees harm bacterium trees tried determine bacterium prevent fungus causing dutch elm disease find myers chose groups small elm trees perform controlled experiment controlled experiment test groups groups factor scientists testing factor tested called experimental factor group subjected experimental factor called experimental group group subjected experimental factor called control group control group helps assure observed experiment actually caused experimental factor control group standard comparison results conduct controlled experiment myers reasoning bacterium injected healthy trees experimental group trees exposed fungus trees remain healthy control group trees exposed fungus trees contract dutch elm disease control group protected bacterium experimental factor presence bacterium
supermarket variety store look product goods organized groups categories separating objects groups similarities called classification classifying organizing information million known kinds living things earth discovered scientists classified living things groups study identification easier modern system classifying organisms based system developed century swedish scientist carolus linnaeus linnaeus studied characteristics thousands organisms set classification system based similarities differences observed linnaeus divided organisms large groups called kingdoms according linnaeus system organisms belonged plant kingdom animal kingdom precise tools methods studying organisms scientists realized organisms fit neatly kingdom system scientists agreed additional categories added modern classification systems kingdoms system presented section chapter kingdoms scientific classification systems organisms divided series levels level called kingdom kingdom large group organisms members kingdom broad general characteristics common kingdom divided smaller groups called phyla singular phylum divided classes classes divided orders
sexual reproduction creation organism joining male sex cell female sex cell male sex cells gametes called sperm female gametes called eggs sexual reproduction occurs plants animals including birds mammals fish flowering plants sexual reproduction parents contribute chromosomes sex cells offspring offspring show characteristics parents meiosis kind cell division results cells half usual number chromosomes gametes produced meiosis gametes half number chromosomes cells organism remember humans chromosomes body cells sex cells chromosomes meiosis sex cells join offspring number chromosomes parents meiosis occurs cells produce sex cells males sperm parent cells undergo meiosis form sperm cells figure meiosis sperm parent cell divides producing sperm cells sperm cell half number chromosomes parent cell females egg parent cell undergoes meiosis parent cell divides creating cells cell egg cells discarded body egg cell half number chromosomes parent cell sexual reproduction sperm cell joins egg cell process known fertilization fertilization complete egg nucleus sperm nucleus fuse
forest biomes temperate zone characterized ample rainfall seasonal temperature length varies season types forest biomes north america deciduous forest evergreen forest biomes trees lose leaves response shortening periods daylight called deciduous trees deciduous forest biome trees maple oak hickory lose leaves autumn fallen leaves form thick layer forest litter ground slowly broken decomposers trees large amounts water photosynthesis water escapes openings leaves winter ground frozen absorb water leafless trees lose moisture losing leaves adaptation helps deciduous trees stay alive winter variety wildflowers shrubs grow deciduous forest plants grow bloom early spring tree leaves grown canopy trees shades sunlight forest floor late spring summer deciduous forest layer plant adaptations adaptations enable plants survive amounts sunlight moisture layer forest mosses ferns structures allow grow successfully damp shady forest floor figure large number producers deciduous forest provide food large number consumers deer mice pheasants quail feed leaves berries seeds plants forest floor
sun source heating increasing number homes homes storing heat night cloudy days heat stored heavy walls slabs stone concrete large containers water photograph sun shines solar collectors mexico storage space problem solar house collector covered half roof hot water storage tank filled basement maria telkes chemical engineer decided large tanks water tons rock store heat practical found thought perfect material storing sun heat salt melts room temperature salt melts absorbs heat freezes heat store times heat volume water telkes found woman boston amelia peabody agreed furnish money build kind solar house telkes hired architect eleanor raymond design house built walls rooms contained cans salt sun shone air blown solar plates past cans salt warm air melted salt temperature air walls decreased liquid salt began freeze released heat absorbed melting
scientific hypothesis educated guess noticed eating lettuce garden guess rabbit indirect evidence footprints support guess saw rabbit eating lettuce scientific hypothesis guess seen seen hypothesis based indirect evidence suppose footprints lettuce known animal try imagine kind creature eat lettuce leave kind footprints observed imaginary creature scientific model scientific model explains familiar seen terms familiar visible ago greek thinkers philosophers devised model matter matter invisible particles small divided called particles atoms means indivisible john dalton english schoolteacher matter strikingly similar dalton model unlike greek philosophers based results scientific experiments dalton elements small invisible dense particles divided smaller particles tiny billiard balls marbles greek philosophers dalton called particles atoms
look classroom department stores street corners especially beach notice breasts develop shapes sizes check haven noticed younger call smaller sized breasts lemons oranges tangerines medium sized breasts called grapefruits plain melons big called watermelons sure women watermelons didn need preserver swimming bigger float say things believe big debby summer watermelons amazing fall walks laughed giggled whispered breasts appeared compared flat chests debby proud development toppled played soccer grew soon stopped whispering debby shape think secretly jealous didn hint bump chests beginning worry flat forever girls today continue wonder size fact large larger smaller mother sister grandmother breast size family sister larger younger
cervix neck uterus uterus sticks neck vagina cervix vagina uterus glands lining cervix secrete sticky fluid mucous woman pregnant cervix closed plug mucous prevents bacteria entering uterus ovaries size walnut found side uterus girl born ovaries tens hundreds thousands follicles follicle small sac immature unripe egg cell kind egg find supermarket ovaries responsible releasing female hormones chemicals help girl body develop mature important job releasing ripened egg cell month beginning girl period single egg cell called ovum eggs called ova egg cells fertilized male sperm cells order develop baby ovum tiny smaller head straight pin microscope egg cells happens ripen included chapter menstruation idea fallopian tubes look put arms sides shoulder height point fingers floor
yes yes yes period mean stop exercise period don feel playing feel comfortable remember exercise things help push try play girls asked period pool period re pool re pool feel harder tell period swimming damp legs notice pool bathroom re swimming notices slight spot bathing suit tells nearest bathroom check talk sanitary pads later swimming period need wear sanitary pad able water fibers break learned wearing pads water experience makes smile younger tried swimming lake pad sudden felt float horrors swam fast shore
talk hair boy chest want remind girls grow hairs told chapter hairs nipples breasts normal friend mine told growing fathers tease basketball team hair chest side supposed smile interesting thing grown players hairy hairs upper lower chest shoulders upper friend basketball team medium amounts amount hair boy depend part races body hair chest hair appears later puberty puberty starts late chest hairs show re twenty older important thing remember boy going develop race ethnic group grow lot hairs chest amount hair manly depends inside boys girls grow hairs face puberty
idea dry toes area stay moist help prevent infection called athlete foot caused organism called fungus told infections caused bacteria type infection fungi fungus love moisture darkness try grow lots kids adults don athlete athlete foot area toes itch peel spread wise towel sure cleaned don kids cover infected area keeping socks wearing shoes embarrassed let protecting feet barefoot lessen chance getting athlete foot consider wearing thongs re public shower area locker room special creams powders treat athlete foot tell parents think help care soon hillary age ten looked mirror morning pimple don deserve hillary nice pimples fact safe say pimples visit
anorexia nervosa dangerous problems lose weight think re thin lose weight allow bodies nourishment needed stay healthy put hospital doctors nurses sure eat fed bodies need depending undernourished need fed tube nose intravenously placing needle underneath skin inside person arm needle connected tube liquid nourishment flows needle feeding lot hospitals operations re ill able eat kids adults heavier healthy find eat makes heavier kind eating re hungry think say re hungry eat re upset concerned want attention don feel reasons attached kind eating compulsive overeating note parents help children conditions important speak doctors counselors therapists professional specially trained offer help guidance
square finger moving lighted suddenly chanced sit ray sunlight darting bare windows intensely whitewashed room irradiated sissy boys girls sat face inclined plane compact bodies divided centre narrow interval sissy corner row sunny side beginning sunbeam corner row side rows advance caught end girl dark eyed dark haired receive deeper lustrous colour sun shone boy light eyed light haired rays appeared draw colour possessed cold eyes eyes short ends lashes bringing contrast paler expressed form short cropped hair mere continuation sandy freckles forehead face skin deficient natural tinge looked cut bleed white thomas definition horse forty teeth twenty grinders eye teeth twelve incisive sheds coat spring marshy countries sheds hoofs
younger eminently practical friend looked older forty added surprising hair fancied talked left standing disorder condition constantly blown windy boastfulness formal drawing room stone lodge standing hearth rug warming fire delivered observations mrs circumstance birthday stood fire partly cool spring afternoon sun shone partly shade stone lodge haunted ghost damp mortar partly took commanding position subdue mrs shoe foot stocking didn thing passed ditch night pigsty spent tenth birthday ditch born ditch mrs thin white pink eyed bundle shawls surpassing mental bodily taking physic effect showed symptom coming invariably stunned weighty piece fact tumbling mrs hoped dry ditch
tearing streets improper manner run sir girl panted wanted run repeated run question unexpectedly suddenly answered colourless boy round corner blind speed anticipating stoppage pavement brought waistcoat road mean boy dare dash manner picked cap concussion knocked backing forehead pleaded accident boy running asked yes sir girl reluctantly wasn sir cried till ran horse riders mind say sir re famous horse riders famous minding say addressing sissy known town sir multiplication table known horse riders tried frightened girl cruel faces cried rest horse rider looked sir asked define horse tomorrow offered tell ran ran sir answer asked
entertain weak idea english hard worked sun shines acknowledge ridiculous idiosyncrasy reason give play hardest working part innermost fortifications ugly citadel nature strongly bricked killing airs gases bricked heart labyrinth narrow courts courts close streets streets existence piecemeal piece violent hurry purpose unnatural family shouldering trampling pressing death close nook exhausted receiver chimneys want air draught built immense variety stunted crooked shapes house put sign kind expected born multitude called hands race found favour providence seen fit hands lower creatures seashore hands stomachs lived stephen forty age stephen looked older hard roses thorns misadventure mistake stephen case possessed roses possessed thorns addition
looked hard lady sidelong odd fortified sherry don asked turning irritably stephen ha coom ask yo sir woman stephen infused deeper gravity mixed expression attentive face mrs uttered gentle ejaculation received moral shock mean getting lean chimney piece talking took worse ridden bear ha lived ha pity comforting words th lass living dead haply ha mad wishes free marry female speaks fear sir observed mrs undertone dejected immorality lady says coming ha read th papers fo fair em wishes em hurt bonded worst fast set free fro marriages marry agree tempers ill sorted rooms kind houses bit live
thou hast cruel sufferer heaven reward thee compassionate accents thy poor friend heart mind wounds spoken neck outcast dressed showing steeped piece linen basin poured liquid bottle laid gentle hand sore table drawn close bedside bottles stephen hands eyes read printed large letters turned deadly hue sudden horror fall stay stephen quietly resuming seat till bells tis left till morning thy rest tomorrow dear slept sound night wake nights put tis thou art need rest white tired try sleep chair watch thou hadst sleep night believe tomorrow harder thee heard thundering surging doors late angry mood going trying
floated starting point journey immense stillness shadows spars flung eastward setting sun moment decks sound moved lived canoe water bird air cloud sky breathless pause threshold passage measuring fitness arduous enterprise appointed task existences carried human eyes sky sea spectators judges glare air interfere sight sun left roaming eyes highest ridges principal group solemnity perfect solitude tide darkness flowed swiftly tropical suddenness swarm stars shadowy earth lingered hand resting lightly ship rail shoulder trusted friend multitude celestial bodies staring comfort quiet communion disturbing sounds voices footsteps forward steward flitted main deck busily ministering spirit hand bell tinkled urgently poop deck
didn hail ship asked louder touched shoulder lightly lazy footsteps heads stopped mate crossed side poop hanging rail knew couldn hear talking double breathed ear anxiously anxiety answer sufficient answer question put answer difficulty situation closed porthole quietly sure louder word overheard whispered mate don fellow told appointed charge expected sort fortnight ago didn ship port look size crew knew appointed ship home rest stranger board moment felt acutely felt suspect person eyes ship company turned meantime strangers ship faced identical attitudes ladder murmured silence
whiskers gave blast whistle wear hanging round neck yelled sephora double cabin heard certainly feel relieved fellows running forward side appearing deck lined rail escorted visitor gangway nearly tenacious beast ladder lingered unique guiltily conscientious manner sticking point say don think covered voice loudly certainly delighted idea meant say saved privilege defective hearing shaken generally insist mate close witness parting looked mystified face took thoughtful cast want wished avoid communication officers opportunity address nice boat crew told chaps extraordinary story told steward true suppose captain sir yes story captain horrible affair sir beats tales hear murders yankee ships don think beats don think resembles
thing remained say bye excellent aunt found triumphant cup tea decent cup tea days room soothingly looked expect lady drawing room look quiet chat fireside course confidences plain represented wife high dignitary goodness knows exceptional gifted creature piece fortune company don hold heavens going charge penny half penny river steamboat penny whistle attached appeared workers capital light lower sort apostle lot rot let loose print talk excellent woman living rush humbug carried feet talked weaning ignorant millions horrid ways till word uncomfortable ventured hint company run profit forget dear charlie labourer worthy hire brightly queer touch truth women live
wait station ten days eternity lived hut yard chaos accountant office built horizontal planks badly put bent high desk barred neck heels narrow strips sunlight need open big shutter hot big flies buzzed fiendishly sting stabbed sat generally floor faultless appearance slightly scented perching high stool wrote wrote stood exercise bed sick invalid agent upcountry put exhibited gentle annoyance groans sick person distract attention extremely difficult guard clerical errors climate remarked lifting head interior doubt meet asking class agent seeing disappointment information added slowly laying pen remarkable person questions elicited present charge trading post important true ivory country bottom sends ivory put
broad awake lying perfectly ease remained inducement change position ivory growled elder vexed explained fleet canoes charge english half caste clerk apparently intended return station bare goods stores coming hundred miles suddenly decided started small dugout paddlers leaving half caste continue river ivory fellows astounded attempting thing loss adequate motive distinct glimpse dugout paddling savages lone white turning suddenly headquarters relief thoughts home setting face depths wilderness empty desolate station motive simply fine fellow stuck sake understand pronounced half caste conducted difficult trip prudence pluck invariably alluded scoundrel scoundrel reported ill recovered imperfectly
sixth january bestirred population paris jean de phrases joint observance immemorial kings feast fools bonfires place de greve maypole planted chapel mystery play performed palace justice events proclaimed trumpets blown street corners dressed fine purple large white crosses breast crowds morning parts town leaving houses shops closed mentioned places choice noted appreciation usual sense lower class paris directed steps bonfire perfectly mystery play performed hall palace covered sheltered wisely agreed let poor ill dressed maypole shiver january sky cemetery chapel swarmed especially avenues palace justice known flemish ambassadors arrived days planned attend mystery play assist election pope fools likewise place hall
fears fully realized entrance cardinal threw auditory commotion heads turned gallery hear cardinal cardinal repeated tongue unfortunate prologue cut short cardinal paused dramatically threshold gallery looked assembly indifferently tumult redoubled wanted catch glimpse stretching neck neighbor shoulder cardinal fact distinguished personage sight worth spectacle charles cardinal bourbon archbishop count lyons primate gaul allied louis xi brother pierre married king eldest daughter allied charles bold mother agnes burgundy dominant trait characteristic distinctive feature primate gaul spirit devotion power understood numberless double relationship involved temporal shoals spiritual bark tacked order escaped foundering louis charles swallowed duke constable saint pol heaven praised happily voyage reached rome mishap safely port precisely port remembered anxiety diverse fortunes political perilous laborious
devil robin bruised fall shows hunchback walks bowlegged looks eye speak deaf polyphemus tongue speaks wishes woman ringing bells deaf dumb lacking observed jehan eye added robin jehan judiciously eyed incomplete blind knows lacking beggars lackeys pickpockets students procession fetch wardrobe pasteboard mock robe worn derision fools pope quasimodo allowed clothed kind proud docility seated motley colored chair twelve officers brotherhood fools hoisted shoulders kind bitter disdainful joy spread morose face cyclops beheld deformed feet heads looking shaped roaring ragged procession set according custom internal circuit galleries palace parading streets public squares city delighted inform readers scene play held
responsible loss eleven steps relentlessly raised ground level city added cathedral took spread face dark gray monuments season beauty knocked rows statues left niches empty chiseled middle central portal bastard pointed arch dared frame heavy tasteless wooden door carved style louis xv arabesques architects artists enter interior edifice overturned colossal saint christopher proverbial statues magnitude hall palace halls spire steeples statues thronged nave choir kneeling standing horseback women children kings bishops warriors stone marble gold silver brass wax brutally swept certainly substituted gothic altar splendidly encumbered shrines clumsy sarcophagus marble angels heads clouds looks unmatched specimen val de grace invalides stupidity set heavy anachronism stone carolingian pavement louis xiv fulfilling vow louis xiii put cold white glass place deeply tinted panes wondering eyes forefathers hesitate rose window grand doorway arched chancel
let eye continue mount steps amphitheater palaces cross deep fissure roofs town marks course rue saint antoine soon notice immense structure periods parts white rest red patch blue doublet singularly sharp elevated roof modern palace bristling carved spout ends covered sheets lead ran sparkling encrustations gilded copper thousand fantastic arabesques roof curiously ornamented rose gracefully brown ruins ancient edifice massive towers age height shrunk decrepitude bursting top bottom rose forest needlelike spires des view alhambra magical aerial captivating grove spires chimneys weathercocks spirals airy lanterns pavilions spindle shaped turrets differing height position immense stone chessboard cluster enormous towers black ink running bound circular ditch dungeon pierced shot holes windows drawbridge raised portcullis bastille black beaks projecting battlements distance mistake rain spouts cannons
loved maternal edifice roused soul open wide poor pinions miserably folded cavern happy bells loved caressed talked understood steeple bell doorway shared love steeple towers immense cages birds reared sang bells deaf mother loves child suffer true voices hear big bell beloved preferred family noisy daughters frolicked festival days bell named marie lived southern tower sister jacqueline bell smaller dimensions shut smaller cage bell jacqueline named wife jean montagu donated church gift prevented ending head northern tower bells lastly smaller bells inhabited steeple wooden bell rung noon thursday morning holy saturday
mechanic street monument high hill hospital glance place think father vermont pedaling accelerates ten clock morning october thomas wolfe october burning leaves ghost winds rotten october dreary cold damp sun warmth reads thomas wolfe anymore guess father book report web rock parker english ii regarded suspicion gave usual parker school pedal legs bike legs feel strong staying power pass house white picket fence spot kid standing sidewalk watches wave looks lonesome waves look shoulder home didn wave goodbye left fanfare didn school didn call thought amy didn call woke morning saw edge frost framing window thought father thought cabinet downstairs den lay barely breathing knew going
bed sheets twisted body hot eyes raw onions head aching cried softly tentatively lifted head door door partially open allowing slant feeble light room curled bed listening liked listen night heard mother father murmuring bedroom bed making lot noise nice sounds father mother making soft sounds furry animals stuffed animals slept bear pokey pig friends father say hey boy re getting toys half going boy knew father joking friends anyway mother say tenderness voice perfume lilac spring boy cuddled bed pokey pig favorite clutched chest awake prevented sleeping half dark house realized mother father voices soft murmuring night louder louder harsher speaking whispers voices scratched night dark
monument turned cold sun disappeared clouds let aswell monument want going hour strokes chin map map bulges hand terrible job folding downtown monument spot miles hills coast miles hour yes turns looks sky want skipper terrible murders assassinations safe streets don trust anymore bad guys want going don want listen course don tell guys bad guys anymore knows days privacy phone listen listen close hear click listening don hear click listening anyway kick tire bike don trust skipper ask identification stranger comes trust identifications forge today passports licenses skipper careful
knees library entrance coming going stepping talking mile minute wondering crazy girl anyway gathered books don mix mine cost mint mine month overdue anyway stood facing breath madly love told amy hertz car rental jokes short robust freckled front teeth crooked eyes beautiful blue blue mother china wonderful breasts told later breasts embarrassment large try lugging things town love noticed loved didn laugh told someday going famous writer thomas wolfe loved didn ask thomas wolfe didn confuse hip writer tom wolfe later course confessed slightest idea thomas wolfe look candidate number amy appraising squinted eyes farsighted hated wearing glasses shy maybe think re type lose cool
rain begins warning slashing face pelting body clouds gathered pedaled carver concerned sun clouds played disappearing games departure morning sudden torrent greets pump narrow section route mud kicks legs front tire fender prevent mud splashing rain slants bicycle driving storm draw side highway ponder situation squinting house quarter mile don want mixed trees offer shelter push bike large maple heavy branches rain showers leaves approach realize tree won offer protection leaves fallen lean tree trunk disgust rain coming wavering sheets tossed wind cold enters clothes seeps skin bones father package soaked road map ruined pull father package bike hug slipping inside jacket package wet don mind rain continues watch map dissolving suddenly hungry ravenous starved remember hungry
actually barely conscious desire check bottom drawer convinced visiting editor mistake amy mentioned visit looking father proper suit tie adam ashamed suspicions fact suspicions saw key chain table knowing father mowing lawn adam knew look bottom drawer picked key chain keys cool touch hear lawn mower end front lawn perfect mother upstairs upstairs days prepare meals housework increasingly stayed room rate father desk located spot observe steps going upstairs keeping mind blank motives muffled adam walked desk inserted small key drawer lock turned pulled drawer open drawer contained dozen brown envelopes adam lifted envelopes identified father familiar scrawl mortgage treasury bonds england stocks birth certificates opened envelope took crisp sheets paper inside official looking blue seal bottom signed tobias simpson town clerk rawlings pa adam inspected certificate bore adam david farmer
stood doorway cousin breathless pushing crowd happiness painful look light wonder eyes lids trembled wan face flushed wore muslin dress conspicuously white stiff veil coming shoulders pink paper roses twisted veil eleven bright green rose leaves white cotton gloves hands stood staring twisted feverishly pain emotion face tremor form young sixteen small age mere child married married white flower buttonhole black suit mighty shoulders giant hands ona blue eyed fair black eyes beetling brows thick black hair curled waves ears short incongruous impossible married couples mother nature wills confound prophets hundred fifty pound quarter beef carry car stagger thought stood corner frightened hunted animal obliged moisten lips tongue answer congratulations friends
fearful contemplate expenses entertainment certainly hundred dollars hundred hundred dollars income person room able early morning late night ice cold cellars quarter inch water floor months sunlight sunday afternoon till sunday morning earn hundred dollars children scarce teens top benches parents lied places half hundred dollars spend sum single wedding feast obviously thing spend wedding weddings friends imprudent tragic ah beautiful bit bit poor cling power souls give mean merely defeated acknowledge defeat difference things keeps going
passed busy street led yards early morning high tide activity steady stream employees pouring gate employees higher sort hour clerks stenographers women waiting big horse wagons set gallop fast filled distance heard lowing cattle sound ocean calling eager children sight circus menagerie scene deal resembled crossed railroad tracks side street pens full cattle stopped look hurried stairway raised gallery seen stood staring breathless wonder square mile space yards half occupied cattle pens north south eye reach stretches sea pens filled cattle dreamed existed red cattle black white yellow cattle cattle young cattle bellowing bulls calves hour born meek eyed cows fierce horned texas steers sound universe counting simply count pens
summer family toiled fall money ona married according home traditions decency part november hired hall invited acquaintances left hundred dollars debt bitter cruel experience plunged agony despair times hearts tender pitiful beginning married loved respite cried happy wonder burned hearts leaped flame slightest breath shaken depths awe love realized weak cried peace opened hearts flowers springtime merciless winter fallen wondered love blossomed crushed trampled relentless savage cracked lash want morning wedding sought slept drove daybreak ona scarcely able stand exhaustion lose place ruined surely lose
deadly winter germ hope sprouting hearts adventure befell victim played violin laughed petit frail picked carried arm fascinated sheer volume energy overwhelming night wedding eyes later find heart baby voice violence ceased terrify habit coming pay visits sunday afternoons place entertain company kitchen midst family sit hat knees saying half dozen words turning red face managed say finally clap hearty crying brother give tune face light fiddle tuck chin play forthwith soul flame eloquent gaze fixed face begin turn red lower eyes
home relief worst rate surprised fresh demands saw plundered turning fight win defeat thing thought springtime delivered dreadful cold deal addition counted money pay coal board began fail warm weather brought trials season trials found spring cold rains turned streets canals bogs mud deep wagons sink hubs half dozen horses move course impossible dry feet bad poorly clad shod worse women children later midsummer stifling heat dingy killing beds durham purgatory single fell dead rivers hot blood poured sun beating air motionless stench knock smells generation drawn heat washing walls rafters pillars caked filth lifetime
place live share things groups neighborhoods buildings play learn parks roads rules follow leaders help run smoothly things wondered early lived hunted fished gathered food moved place place lived caves live later learned grow food animals help began build places live share things places live share things called places live share things alike communities communities places live share things communities groups neighborhoods communities ways communities alike ways look pictures pages picture shows community list ways communities alike communities community live communities homes communities buildings play learn worship buildings community communities parks fun communities stores shop communities roads
communities change reason communities grow reason move communities communities change ways change growing population number living place communities grow population need build places live need build places buy things fill needs wants need build places learn worship fun health care places built community lately kinds places built reasons communities grow communities grow factories stores communities find jobs communities change getting smaller population fewer places needed live fill needs wants communities smaller population places close places move communities move find jobs communities change decline run happens care buildings roads land community move happen mine factory closes living ends community run part community run
ways money job kinds jobs communities communities jobs salary job salary money receive money help buy things fill needs wants things buy fill needs wants called goods food toys clothing goods goods communities jobs produce goods farming toy making clothing making jobs produce goods look picture page kind job produces goods shown picture communities jobs provide services services jobs services help fill needs wants money pay services truck driving selling repairing jobs provide services kinds jobs provide services shown pictures page kinds services provided government community services help fill needs wants community services provided government community paid pay tax government community tax money paid government services government police protection fire fighting street cleaning services provided government community
find place place help locate places special map shows communities roads highways connect need find place place road map road map special kind map shows locations names communities shows roads highways communities road map symbols symbols explained map key symbols road map page road maps give information traveling area times help locate places road map road maps evenly spaced lines lines cross spaces east west lines map labeled letters spaces north south lines map labeled numbers look road map page letters numbers road map help find places map community found place letter number meet find communities map page letters numbers follow road map
prepared report airplanes share class visited library found interesting facts airplanes air travel arranged facts found easy read class facts glance facts airplanes showing class helps show information organized information organized easy read understand chart shows information organized chart easy read understand information organized information set columns rows columns chart page rows chart page look chart page kind facts chart show learn cities chart find city column find number city nearest million column finally find column city found reading information row chart city dallas million dallas texas chart tell city los chart page answer questions cities shown chart population million
diagram show diagram ideas clear diagram diagram drawing plan explains diagram page shows bureau census gathers facts number living united states diagram explains steps bureau census information diagram pictures words bureau census decides questions ask questions written special form special forms mailed special cases workers bureau census ask questions answer questions return forms bureau census facts returned bureau census computers help put facts computers machines store facts help solve problems finally bureau census findings offices country government bureau census findings need findings diagram page show diagram page explain things clearly shows events order happened events arranged line line shows order events happened
picture belong special group group belong family family special group live home families parents families mother father families father mother families numbers children families families care things parents children share place live share pets things families help help care home help learn families share families help families things things home families play games families read families things home families visit friends families visit special places families park things families big brothers big sisters group grown ups help children parent children things big brother big sister big brothers big sisters special friends families change change ways families larger families smaller
live places look picture picture place place live communities places live share things communities neighborhoods neighborhoods parts communities neighborhood live share special places neighborhoods places shop places learn neighborhoods places worship worship honor believe neighborhoods places fun neighborhood live neighborhoods neighbors neighbors ways neighbors care things neighbors things neighbors age belong families ways neighbors ways neighbors neighborhoods things children school worship fun help neighbors neighbors help neighborhood clean safe neighbors talk problems neighborhood things neighborhood neighborhoods live neighborhoods fill needs needs things fill order live food clothes housing needs live neighborhoods fill wants wants things wish
trip airplane look land height looks small fly small lake shape fly river winds houses buildings look tiny models view airplane limited seen area chapter learn ways looking earth overhead view special tools globes maps study surface earth exact places earth located hemispheres earth globe tool studying surface earth globe shaped earth east west lines globe called parallels latitude circle globe remain distance line latitude number number written degrees measure distances mark sign degrees look picture page equator numbered line halfway north pole south pole equator starting point measuring north latitude south latitude north pole stated ninety degrees north latitude number south pole north south lines globe called meridians longitude
immigration affected culture united states ways united states depend continents live united states look figures show number immigrants united states continents antarctica included figures shown permanent population living antarctica graph shows number immigrants continent compares number immigrants united states north america south america continent greatest number immigrants united states continent number immigrants united states immigrants country bring ideas ways things ideas special ways things added american culture american culture special borrowed cultures foods eat styles clothing wear games play cultures brought united states immigrants foods clothing styles games culture line drawing shows events order events happened earliest event entered end line
ways landforms climate natural resources northeast affected live northeast spend leisure northeast large cities towns small villages live northeast single region country millions united states europe settled northeast lives works village small town northeast live cities suburbs communities cities live close houses apartments cities live jobs special trains buses drive northeast learned environment environment cold snowy winters wear warm clothing heat homes think deal snow ice northeastern winters warm summer months northeast wear lightweight clothing parts northeast air conditioners cool homes northeast summer homes lakes rivers mountains getting environment northeast number places enjoy activities northeast parks national parks forests beaches
ways environment affect rocky mountain states events attend places visit rocky mountain states kinds recreational activities rocky mountain states live rocky mountain states need kinds clothing summer generally wear lightweight clothing mountains dress warmly summer mornings summer evenings lowlands think cold winter parts rocky mountain states wear warm clothing houses rocky mountain states fireplace wood burning stove means heating number houses layer material wall inside wall helps cold house heat house rocky mountain states try build houses face south houses let sunlight think important live rocky mountain states winter brings rocky mountain states snowplows major highways open snow tires chains required cars cross mountain roads roads closed winter think
look found handed piece sharp hand shaped stone terry looks kind tool added buried ground terry looked tool carefully decided digging wonder thousands ago tool terry winds rains moved dirt covered tool wondered tool chapter learn lived americas tools learn americas americas reason early likely americas called archaeologists study remains lived ago kinds remains called artifacts things left tools weapons works art remains remains show early remains bones hair early living things remains tested tell alive carbon found living things measuring amount carbon left things alive archaeologists tell age remains
kind environment find north eskimos learn adapt environment early americans lived north formed major culture groups find arctic circle map page lived north line arctic culture group lived south arctic circle subarctic culture group look map page lands present countries arctic subarctic live north land snow ice high winds bitter cold summers cool trees land plenty grass grazing animals grassland animals live north plenty fish rivers lakes sea groups early americans settled north call american indians moved canada largest group living north known today eskimos early americans lived north developed ways early americans depended environment meet needs ways differed differences kinds weather land resources places lived scholars agree eskimos alaska asia
making maps began moving oldest known map ago believed show home valley known maps ago claudius ptolemy ago ptolemy wrote book called geography atlas collection maps found book ptolemy maps wrong helped gain understanding today pictures earth help mapmakers correct maps mapmakers computers help maps think map ago differs maps today help find places model earth names halves earth say shape orange orange shape shape earth study earth globe kind model earth shaped earth globe shows earth large bodies water called oceans shows earth large bodies land called continents look pictures globes page names oceans names continents look lines globe picture top page east west lines called lines latitude
kinds maps show parts earth differ ways kinds things physical map north america show stands called symbol mapmakers kinds symbols maps color lines dots circles stars stand things maps symbols stand thing maps mapmakers generally map key show symbol stands look map page symbols map stand parks map show highways map show kinds maps show parts earth differ ways kind map physical map map shows land looks map show bodies water oceans rivers lakes map show high low land think important maps show land looks look map page map physical map north america colors map symbols show height land key explains color stands dark green color stands land sea level feet meters color stands highest land map north america shows arctic ocean north north america
ways land water natural resources living land water map page shows things think important land water map page answer questions according map continents land agriculture according map continent land according map continents land nomadic herding according map continents land hunting fishing gathering think think buildings cars think things think trees plants things part natural environment things things called natural resources oil gas coal look map page map show map answer questions according map part africa deposits bauxite aluminum ore
meeting room university learning things earth lived country past spent studying cold land share learned speaker walks stage tell discovered past cold land studied climate place reaches summer months speaker tells spent studying plant cold land forests grow things speakers learned cold parts earth learn things chapter parts earth cold lands found cold lands alike climate natural resources northern southern parts earth cold lands parts earth lies high latitudes lands receive rays sun slanted rays places earth receive help explain places generally cold look map page continents north equator cold lands continents south line cold lands learn kinds cold lands
siberia covers square miles square kilometers land siberia large kinds land coldest lands lie north lands called tundra farther south subarctic lands stretch ural mountains pacific ocean climate siberia cold dry mountains northern part siberia block cold winds north pole siberia lies arctic circle things help explain siberia cold climate moss lichens beautiful flowers grow warm months tundra siberia trees grow tundra subarctic lands siberia hand covered forests known taiga kinds animals live cold lands siberia arctic foxes hares reindeer live tundra brown bears deer beavers rabbits squirrels live forests subarctic lands kinds fish live waters pacific coast siberia kinds fish lakes rivers siberia huge flocks birds live water found shores arctic ocean early lived siberia reindeer herders depended reindeer fill needs reindeer nomads nomads move place place search food animals
frank joe pino lives american southwest family american indians frank parents gathered hill watch rainmaker rainmaker american indian medicine songs acts try rain fall rainmaker began sing frank knew words sung words dry spells frank understand early songs try bring rain landforms deserts american southwest rainfall american southwest affect land plants animals live american southwest map page shows warm desert region country warm deserts found southwestern part united states states deserts found deserts united states deserts form single region painted desert part region find painted desert painted desert located mountains east painted desert soil deserts dry sand rock desert lands changed wind water wearing soil rock wind water called erosion wind shapes desert landforms wind carries sand dust ditches hollowed wind wind remove tons earth form blowout
look picture page orleans found crosses places globe map found line latitude line longitude cross degrees latitude longitude divided smaller parts called minutes minutes degree mark number stands word minutes latitude place climate place climate kind weather place describe climate terms temperature hot cold place precipitation water falls earth form rain snow wind speed latitudes north south equator receive amounts sunlight times part earth tilted sun receives direct rays sunlight parts earth receive slanted rays sunlight parts earth tilted sun times earth moves sun look picture top page find line special line called tropic cancer marks limit northernmost places earth receive direct rays sun find line special line called tropic capricorn
fill needs affect number expect live parts tend live longer parts needs need share need food healthy proper food places rich farmland grow food feed places grow food feed live soil rocky sandy crops grow growing season dry wet raise crops places ways things changed hundreds places technology tools machines help fill needs changed farm land ways ways grow large amount food think scientific ways farming help grow food need share need proper health care places doctors dentists hospitals generally able fill need proper health care past millions died epidemics outbreaks sicknesses attack
land mesopotamia located achievements sumerian civilization places civilizations began middle east middle east large block land continents europe asia africa meet look map page find fertile crescent place rich farmland notice strip land tigris river euphrates river land called mesopotamia mesopotamia means land rivers look southern part mesopotamia persian gulf civilizations sumerians began part mesopotamia land known sumer tigris euphrates river valley helped sumer place build civilization rivers provided water crops rivers flooded leaving sheet silt rich soil land land farming rivers travel trade sumer places river valley mesopotamia climate generally warm allowing farmers grow crops round growing crops round helpful weather rich farmland groups lived mesopotamia times settled peacefully fought gain control valley groups brought culture
kind government roman republic rome powerful republic things led downfall roman republic italy peninsula southern europe find italy map page notice italy extends mediterranean sea places italy close sea west coast italy harbors early italy harbors trade countries northern boundary italy formed mountains called alps mountains hard cross think alps protected early italy attack mountains called apennines extend length peninsula plains found west mountains soil plains fertile farming tiber river flows apennines plains sea think land tiber river place early italy settle started moving italy parts europe western asia group europeans settled area south tiber river latins latins mainly farmers founded meeting place trading center tiber river eighth century place grew later city rome group asia moved area north tiber river
happened eastern part roman empire western part declined led final downfall byzantine empire byzantine culture develop western part roman empire declined eastern part grew strong eastern part known byzantine empire named original city byzantium byzantine empire lasted emperor byzantine empire controlled government military church find constantinople capital byzantine empire map page notice constantinople narrow waterway connects black sea sea marmara notice constantinople located europe asia location constantinople important center trade trade important source wealth byzantine empire justinian emperor byzantine empire wanted rebuild western part roman empire armies successful regaining lands germanic leadership justinian byzantine empire reached greatest size justinian tried improvements empire ordered building roads bridges roads helped increase trade improve communication think justinian wanted roman ideas government law ordered experts gather organize roman laws set laws known justinian code
political military system developed western europe early middle ages classes society feudal times main economic system western europe middle ages western part roman empire began break armies longer able defend empire invasion longer strong central government germanic peoples invaded western roman empire set small kingdoms number germanic rulers weak able law order kingdoms lack law order caused decrease trade merchants feared safety robbers murderers roamed countryside roads bridges repaired trade decreased towns began smaller disappear left towns living farming money bought sold germanic kings fought europe battleground large small germanic kingdoms western europe franks important germanic tribes established large kingdom present france germany franks divided number separate groups clovis king group franks able unite franks kingdom clovis ruler franks frankish kings clovis weak rulers
dusk winter gale freshened noon stopping traffic river blew strength hurricane fitful bursts boomed guns firing ocean rain slanted sheets flicked subsided jim threatening glimpses tumbling tide small craft jumbled tossing shore motionless buildings driving mist broad ferryboats pitching ponderously anchor vast landing stages heaving smothered sprays gust blow air full flying water fierce purpose gale furious earnestness screech wind brutal tumult earth sky directed hold breath awe stood whirled jostled cutter boys rushed past coaster running shelter crashed schooner anchor ship instructors seen accident mob boys clambered rails clustered round collision ahead saw push stagger mast caught hold rope training ship chained moorings quivered bowing gently head wind scanty rigging humming deep bass breathless song youth sea
ash buckets clanking ventilators tin pot clatter warned end watch sighed content regret part serenity fostered adventurous freedom thoughts sleepy felt pleasurable languor running limb blood body turned warm milk skipper noiselessly pyjamas sleeping jacket flung wide open red face half awake left eye partly closed staring stupid glassy hung big head chart scratched ribs sleepily obscene sight naked flesh bared breast glistened soft greasy sweated fat sleep pronounced professional remark voice harsh dead resembling rasping sound wood file edge plank fold double chin hung bag close hinge jaw jim started answer full deference odious fleshy figure seen revealing moment fixed memory incarnation vile base lurks love hearts trust salvation surround sights fill eyes sounds fill ears air fills lungs
says giving severe lecture official morality suppose heard kind subdued commotion turning head saw words round enormous resembling sixteen hundred weight sugar hogshead wrapped striped flannelette ended middle large floor space office declares aback appreciable realize thing alive sat wondering purpose means object transported front desk archway ante room crowded sweepers police peons crew harbour steam launch craning necks climbing backs riot fellow managed tug jerk hat clear head advanced slight bows told sight discomposing listened unable apparition wanted spoke voice harsh lugubrious intrepid dawned archie development case says soon understood felt unwell archie sympathetic easily upset pulled shouted stop listen master attendant possibly listen
felt creepy sensation backbone peculiar fingers hand shaded brow trembled slightly broke short silence things happen ah bridge beggars getting boats boat running ladder heavy blow fell shoulder missing head didn stop chief engineer bunk raised boat stretcher mind surprised natural awful awful dodged miserable maniac lifted deck child started whispering arms don don thought niggers flung skidded bridge knocked legs chap skipper busy boat looked round head growling wild beast flinched stone solid standing tapped lightly knuckles wall chair heard seen twenty times wasn afraid drew fist stopped short muttering ah
moment thought move feet remained glued planks thoughts knocking loose head moment saw boat step backwards suddenly clutch air raised arms totter collapse didn exactly fall slid gently sitting posture hunched shoulders propped side engine room skylight donkey haggard white faced chap ragged moustache acted engineer explained dead heard court say pronounced sombre indifference course knew weak heart complaining sorts excitement exertion devil knows ha ha ha easy want die droll shot fooled killing fooled fooled heavens ah told devil rush bunk ship sinking stood hands pockets called names shook fist glared sat chance missed eh murmured
struck suggestive truth words peculiar small boat wide seas lives borne shadow death fall shadow madness ship fails fail restrained care souls floating abyss touch immensity set free excess heroism absurdity course belief thought love hate conviction visual aspect material things shipwrecks abject isolation complete villainy circumstances cut completely rest mankind ideal conduct undergone trial appalling joke exasperated half hearted hatred thing liked signal revenge abhorrent opportunity put trust boat high seas bring irrational lurks bottom thought sentiment sensation emotion part burlesque meanness pervading disaster sea blows threats terribly effective feint sham beginning end planned tremendous disdain dark powers real terrors verge triumph perpetually foiled
heard antonia interminable journey midland plain north america ten lost father mother virginia relatives sending grandparents lived nebraska travelled care mountain boy jake hands father farm blue ridge going west grandfather jake experience wider mine railway train morning set try fortunes coaches sticky grimy stage journey jake bought newsboys offered candy oranges brass collar buttons watch charm jesse james remember satisfactory books read chicago protection friendly passenger conductor knew country going gave deal advice exchange confidence experienced worldly conversation threw lightly names distant states cities wore rings pins badges fraternal orders belonged cuff buttons engraved hieroglyphics inscribed egyptian obelisk
bohemian family grandmother told drove bought homestead fellow countryman peter paid worth agreement left country cousin relative mrs bohemian family part country interpreter tell chose speak english ask advice pressing wants known son grown strong land father frail knew farming weaver trade skilled workman tapestries upholstery materials brought fiddle wouldn pick money home re nice hate think spending winter cave grandmother badger hole proper dugout hear pay twenty dollars cookstove worth ten yes otto sold em oxen bony horses price teams interfered horses understand german thought
afternoon reading lesson warm grassy bank badger lived amber sunlight shiver coming winter air seen ice horse pond morning garden found tall asparagus red berries lying ground mass slimy green tony barefooted shivered cotton dress comfortable tucked baked earth full blaze sun talk afternoon telling highly esteemed friend badger part special kind dog short legs hunt dogs hole badger killed terrific struggle underground hear barks yelps dog dragged covered bites scratches rewarded petted master knew dog star collar badger killed rabbits unusually spry afternoon starting dashing draw playing game kind buzzing things lived grass dead lying warm bank insect palest frailest green hopped painfully buffalo grass tried leap bunch bluestem
week christmas jake important person household town christmas shopping twenty december snow began fall flakes thickly sitting room windows windmill frame looked dim grey shadow snow stop falling night cold severe storm quiet farther barns corral sat house sunday greasing boots mending suspenders whiplashes morning twenty grandfather announced breakfast impossible black hawk christmas purchases jake sure horseback bring home things saddle bags grandfather told roads obliterated newcomer country lost ten times anyway allow horses put strain decided country christmas help town wanted picture books antonia able read grandmother took ice cold storeroom bolts gingham sheeting cut squares cotton cloth sewed book
morning twenty wakened start opened eyes happened heard excited voices kitchen grandmother shrill knew looked forward crisis delight wondered hurried clothes barn burned cattle frozen death neighbor lost storm kitchen grandfather standing stove hands jake otto boots rubbing woollen socks clothes boots steaming looked exhausted bench stove lay covered blanket grandmother motioned dining room obeyed reluctantly watched carrying dishes lips tightly compressed whispering dear saviour lord thou presently grandfather spoke jimmy prayers morning deal dead family distress middle night jake otto boys hard night bother questions asleep bench breakfast boys jake otto swallowed cup coffee began talk excitedly disregarding grandmother warning glances
postmaster going home stopped say grandfather bring spend night officers norwegian church told held meeting decided norwegian graveyard extend hospitality grandmother indignant foreigners clannish bushy american graveyard liberal minded josiah start spring happen don want norwegians holding laid em soon grandfather returned bringing anton important person mild flurried civil war veteran sleeve hanging empty find case perplexing grandfather sworn warrant acted axe fit wound convict perfectly clear killed jake thought behaved guilty badly frightened certainly felt stirrings remorse indifference misery loneliness supper ate vikings chocolate cake hoped linger tomorrow mutilated condition disappeared round
presley drew point known lower road struck rancho de los leading guadalajara county watering tanks iron tower wood straddling clumsily uprights roadside completion storekeepers retailers bonneville painted advertisements landmark reach level fields white letters read miles watering trough stood nearby thirsty presley resolved stop moment drink drew abreast tank halted leaning bicycle fence couple white overalls repainting surface tank seated swinging platforms hung hooks roof painting sign advertisement finished read real estate mortgages main street bonneville opposite post office horse trough stood shadow tank freshly painted inscription say presley straightened drinking faucet end horse trough watering cart labored view turn lower road mules horses white dust strained leisurely traces moving snail pace limp ears marking perched high seat yellow cotton wagon umbrella presley recognized derrick tenants german called bismarck excitable perpetual grievance endless flow broken english
temperament similar ways presley capabilities ordinarily found rank file living close nature poet instinct presley poet training developed beauty abnormal capacity happiness sorrow felt things intensely deeply forgot nineteen twenty formative impressionable period met presley barely remembered girl sixteen beautiful expression lived aged aunt seed ranch mission moment trying recall looked hair gold hanging straight side face making cornered round white forehead wonderful eyes violet blue heavy lidded astonishing upward slant temples slant gave strange oriental cast face perplexing enchanting remembered egyptian fullness lips strange balancing movement head slender neck movement sees snake poise seen girl radiantly beautiful beauty strange accepted standards small wonder loved wonder love intense passionate part
ten minutes train reached depot guadalajara san francisco papers preceding arrived earlier train bought couple station agent looked till distant prolonged whistle announced approach train passengers alighted train recognized father half rose seat whistling shrilly teeth waving hand magnus derrick catching sight forward quickly magnus governor feet tall sixtieth erect officer cavalry broad proportion fine commanding figure imposing respect impressing sense gravity dignity pride race smooth shaven thin broad chin prominent hawklike nose characteristic family thin high bridge sees later portraits duke wellington hair thick iron gray tendency curl forward direction front ears wore top hat gray wide brim frock coat carried cane yellowed ivory head young ambition represent native north carolina united states senate calhoun successive campaigns defeated
entered garden lay side mission passed colonnade uneven pavement worn red bricks door belfry tower rang bell pulling leather hung hole door knob interval opened door blinking confused roused sleep told room known priest friend allowed enter telling doubt find church servant led cool adobe passage larger room occupied entire width bottom belfry tower flight aged steps led upward dark foot stairs door opening church servant admitted closing door interior mission oblong whitewashed adobe flat ceiling lighted dimly sanctuary lamp hung chains chancel rail end church cheap kerosene lamps brackets imitation bronze walls inevitable series pictures representing stations cross hideous crudity design composition wrought innocent unquestioning sincerity charm
turned striding stairs crossing dairy room regained open air raging furious turned barns clapping hat head muttering breath goat beastly fool pip lord ass suddenly resolved put tree thoughts matter interfering kind thing sure earning money shook freeing shoulders irksome burden turned entire attention nearest hand prolonged rattle hammers roof big barn attracted crossing ranch house artesian stood absorbed contemplation vast building amused interested confusion sounds clatter hammers scrape saws rhythmic shuffle planes issued gang carpenters moment putting finishing touches roof rows stalls boy busy hanging sliding door south end painters bonneville early morning engaged adjusting spray force engine means insisted painting vast surfaces barn condemning brushes pots fashioned date called foremen ask barn entirely finished told end week hay stock installed
land patented answered ruggles guess retorted sure couldn tell crossed legs lying ruggles talk ruggles face flushed instant checked answer laughed observed going sell acting general office returned ruggles directors ready matter glad put didn look re talking wake ruggles talk rag grading lands winter advance price ruggles spread hands deprecatory gesture don mercury company don rot didn run show let ruggles pay inserting inch ad paper ten thousand hey hundred thousand returned willing joke replying drew checkbook inside pocket
philip parted emma tears journey amused arrived resigned cheerful sixty miles london giving luggage porter carey set walk philip took minutes reached philip suddenly remembered gate red barred swung ways easy hinges forbidden swing backwards forwards walked garden front door visitors sundays special occasions vicar london traffic house took place side door door gardener beggars tramps fairly large house yellow brick red roof built twenty ecclesiastical style front door church porch drawing room windows gothic mrs carey knowing train coming waited drawing room listened click gate heard door aunt louisa carey saw run give kiss philip started run awkwardly trailing club foot stopped mrs carey shrivelled woman age husband face extraordinarily filled deep wrinkles pale blue eyes
philip deformity ceased interest accepted boy red hair unreasonable grown horribly sensitive ran help knew limp conspicuous adopted peculiar walk stood club foot attract notice constantly look reference join games boys played remained strange interested doings barrier think fault play football unable understand left deal inclined gradually silent began think difference biggest boy dormitory singer took dislike philip small age put deal hard treatment half term mania ran school game called nibs game played table form steel pens push nib fingernail point opponent prevent point nib result achieved breathed ball thumb pressed hard nibs able lift dropping nibs
form philip put entering school rev gordon nature ill suited schoolmaster impatient choleric call account small boys face lost power control began rage ended passion middle height corpulent figure sandy hair worn short growing gray small bristly moustache large face indistinct features small blue eyes naturally red frequent attacks anger grew dark purple nails bitten quick trembling boy sit desk shaking fury consumed gnaw fingers stories exaggerated told violence excitement school heard father threatening prosecution boxed ears boy named walters book violently hearing affected boy school boy father lived indignation city local paper referred matter walters brewer sympathy divided rest boys reasons known loathed master took side affair show indignation school business dealt things uncomfortable walters younger brother remained
thin transparent arms put round neck frail bones reminded chicken bones faded face wrinkled gray curls wore fashion youth gave queer pathetic look withered body autumn leaf felt blown sharp wind philip realised quiet belonged past generation waiting patiently stupidly death vigour youth excitement adventure appalled waste felt pity aunt louisa loved suddenly loved miss wilkinson discreetly till chance welcoming nephew room miss wilkinson philip mrs carey prodigal returned holding hand brought rose prodigal buttonhole gay smile pinned philip coat flower picked garden blushed felt foolish knew miss wilkinson daughter uncle william rector wide acquaintance daughters clergymen wore ill cut clothes stout boots
duffer set say didn mean unkind boy knocked miss wilkinson door receiving answer found lying face bed weeping touched shoulder say earth matter leave want speak sorry hurt feelings didn mean say unhappy cruel hate stupid game play want play walked dressing table quick look glass sank chair handkerchief ball dabbed eyes greatest thing woman give fool gratitude heartless cruel torment flirting vulgar girls week give philip stood sulkily thought behaviour childish vexed shown ill temper strangers don care twopence connors earth think miss wilkinson put handkerchief
studio large bare gray walls pinned studies received prizes model sitting chair loose wrap thrown dozen women standing talking working sketch rest model try difficult mrs otter put easel find easiest pose philip easel mrs otter introduced young woman sat carey miss price carey studied won mind helping turned model la pose model threw paper reading la petite sulkily throwing gown stand stood squarely feet hands clasped head stupid pose miss price imagine chose philip entered studio looked curiously model gave indifferent glance ceased pay attention philip beautiful sheet paper front stared awkwardly model begin seen naked woman young breasts shrivelled colourless fair hair fell forehead untidily face covered large freckles
basil thing lord henry certainly send grosvenor academy large vulgar able pictures dreadful pictures able worse grosvenor place don think send answered tossing head odd friends laugh oxford won send lord henry elevated eyebrows looked amazement thin blue wreaths smoke curled fanciful whorls heavy opium tainted cigarette send dear fellow reason odd chaps painters gain reputation soon want throw silly thing worse talked talked portrait set young england jealous capable emotion laugh replied exhibit
art express met gray curious wonder understand personality suggested entirely manner art entirely mode style things differently think differently re create hidden dream form days thought says forget gray merely visible presence lad lad twenty merely visible presence ah wonder realize means unconsciously defines lines fresh school school passion romantic spirit perfection spirit greek harmony soul body madness separated invented realism vulgar void harry knew gray remember landscape mine agnew offered huge price part things
lad started drew bareheaded leaves tossed rebellious curls tangled gilded threads look fear eyes suddenly awakened finely chiseled nostrils quivered hidden nerve shook scarlet lips left trembling yes continued lord henry secrets cure soul means senses senses means soul wonderful creation think want gray frowned turned head help liking tall graceful young standing romantic olive colored face worn expression interested low languid voice absolutely fascinating cool white hands curious charm moved spoke music language felt afraid ashamed afraid left stranger reveal known basil months friendship altered suddenly disclosed mystery afraid schoolboy girl absurd frightened
ah harry views gray hear harry views friends think don music adore afraid makes romantic simply worshiped pianists harry tells don foreigners born england foreigners don clever compliment art makes cosmopolitan parties gray afford orchids spare expense foreigners rooms look picturesque harry harry look ask forget found gray pleasant chat music ideas think ideas pleasant glad seen charmed love charmed lord henry elevating dark crescent shaped eyebrows looking amused smile sorry late look piece brocade wardour street bargain hours
lord henry smiled fond giving need call depth generosity basil fellows bit philistine known harry discovered basil dear boy puts charming consequence left prejudices principles common sense artists known personally delightful bad artists artists exist simply perfectly uninteresting poet poet creatures inferior poets absolutely fascinating worse rhymes picturesque look mere fact published book rate makes irresistible lives poetry write write poetry dare realize wonder harry gray putting perfume handkerchief large gold topped bottle stood table say waiting don forget tomorrow left room lord henry heavy eyelids drooped began think certainly interested gray lad mad adoration caused slightest pang annoyance jealousy
gloomy morose inexperienced strong sense danger sibyl position young dandy making love mean gentleman hated hated curious race instinct account reason dominant conscious shallowness vanity mother nature saw infinite peril sibyl sibyl happiness children begin loving parents grow older judge forgive mother mind ask brooded months silence chance phrase heard theater whispered sneer reached ears night waited stage door set loose train horrible thoughts remembered lash hunting crop face brows knit furrow twitch pain bit underlip listening word saying jim cried sibyl making delightful plans future say want say boy forget answered smiling
drive ribbon thread gravel surface choked grass moss trees thrown low branches making impediment progress gnarled roots looked skeleton claws scattered jungle growth recognise shrubs land marks things culture grace hydrangeas blue heads famous hand checked progress native rearing monster height bloom black ugly nameless parasites grew east west wound poor thread drive thought lost appeared beneath fallen tree struggling side muddied ditch created winter rains thought surely miles multiplied trees path led labyrinth choked wilderness house suddenly approach masked unnatural growth vast shrub spread directions stood heart thumping breast strange prick tears eyes secretive silent grey stone shining moonlight dream windows reflecting green lawns terrace wreck perfect symmetry walls site jewel hollow hand
longer thought returned lounge saw left dining room fearful losing waited letter risked bare faced introduction sitting sofa walked gave letter word rose feet mrs van hopper flushed success waved vague hand direction mumbled de winter coffee ask waiter cup tone casual warn footing meant youthful thing unimportant need include conversation spoke tone wished impressive method introduction form protection daughter acute embarrassment abruptness showed safely women give nod served greeting dismissal large relief realise sink comfortable chair offending courtesy surprise find remained standing feet signal waiter afraid contradict coffee knew happened sitting usual hard chair sofa mrs van hopper
glad happen fever love fever burden poets say brave days twenty full fears foundation easily bruised swiftly wounded falls barbed word wrapped complacent armour approaching middle age infinitesimal brush lightly soon forgotten careless word linger fiery stigma look glance shoulder branded things eternal denial heralded thrice crowing cock insincerity kiss judas adult mind lie untroubled conscience gay composure days small deception scoured tongue lashing stake morning hear propped pillows small irritability patient ill lain bed reaching bedside drawer pack cards feel guilty flush form patches neck playing tennis professional told false words bringing panic spoke professional suite afternoon bursting complain missed lesson days
realised course orderly planned remember looking morning maxim dressed writing letters breakfast downstairs clock flurried booming summons gong found nearly finished peeling fruit looked smiled mind hang hour running place full job coffee hot dishes side board help breakfast clock slow bath listen looking letter frowning impressed remember impressed awed magnificence breakfast offered tea silver urn coffee heater piping hot dishes scrambled eggs bacon fish clutch boiled eggs special heater porridge silver side board ham piece cold bacon scones table toast pots jam marmalade honey dessert dishes piled high fruit stood end
yes mrs big stairway hall knowing standing eyes watching knew morning room meet maxim sister husband hide bedroom drawing room glanced shoulder saw mrs standing head stairs black sentinel stood moment morning room hand door listening hum voices maxim returned upstairs bringing agent supposed sounded room full aware feeling sick uncertainty experienced child summoned shake hands visitors turning handle door blundered met sea faces general silence maxim hiding thinking sending search party beatrice giles frank look nearly trod dog beatrice tall broad shouldered handsome maxim eyes jaw smart expected sort person nurse dogs distemper horses shoot
called jasper chasing feather blown wind wondered string boat house walked beach garden grass overgrown crowded nettles windows boarded doubt door locked lifted latch hope surprise opened stiffness inside bending head low door expected find usual boat store dirty dusty disuse ropes blocks oars floor dust dirt places ropes blocks room furnished ran length cottage desk corner table chairs bed sofa pushed wall dresser cups plates bookshelves books inside models ships standing top shelves moment thought inhabited poor beach lived looked saw sign recent occupation rusted grate knew fire dusty floor footsteps china dresser blue spotted damp queer musty smell place cobwebs spun threads ship models making ghostly rigging
took clock bus blazing hot afternoon lunched usual celeste restaurant kind celeste mother left door rush getting moment call emmanuel place borrow black tie mourning band lost uncle months ago run catch bus suppose hurrying glare road sky reek gasoline jolts feel drowsy slept woke leaning soldier grinned asked nodded cut things short wasn mood talking home mile village foot asked allowed mother told warden wasn free wait bit chatted waited led office warden small gray hair legion honor rosette buttonhole gave look watery blue eyes shook hands held mine began feel embarrassed
sky blaze light air rapidly felt waves heat lapping dark suit things worse couldn imagine waited getting perez put hat took turned slightly direction looking warden started telling remember saying perez mother longish stroll cool evening village accompanied nurse course looked countryside lines cypresses sloping skyline hills hot red soil dappled vivid green lonely house sharply outlined light understand mother feelings evenings parts sort mournful solace full glare morning sun shimmering heat haze inhuman discouraging landscape move noticed perez slight limp chap steadily lost ground hearse gained speed fell drew level surprised quickly sun climbing sky struck air throbbing hum insects rustle grass warming
bedroom overlooks main street district fine afternoon paving blocks black glistening absurd hurry family going sunday afternoon walk small boys sailor suits short trousers knees looking uneasy sunday girl big pink bow black patent leather shoes mother enormously fat woman brown silk dress father dapper knew sight straw hat walking stick butterfly tie seeing wife understood family married beneath group young fellows local bloods sleek oiled hair red ties coats cut tight waist braided pockets square toed shoes guessed going big theaters center town started early hurrying streetcar stop laughing talking top voices passed street gradually emptied begun shopkeepers cats remained sycamores bordering road sky cloudless light soft tobacconist side street brought chair pavement front door sat astride resting arms
open lay backs gazed sky feel sun drawing film salt water lips cheeks saw swim beach slump sand sun distance looked enormous stranded whale marie proposed swim tandem ahead put arms round waist drew forward arm strokes kicked help sound splashes ears began feel let marie swam easy pace taking deep breaths beach stretched belly downward resting face sand told fine agreed presently marie raised head watch approach glistening brine holding hair lay combined warmth bodies sun felt dropping sleep marie tugged arm place nearly lunchtime rose feeling hungry marie told kissed early morning
struck excellent arrangement authorities details kind told nodded agreed code desired didn seriously room interviewed ordinary sitting room curtained windows single lamp standing desk light fell armchair sit face stayed shadow read descriptions scenes books game conversation look tall clean cut features deep set blue eyes big gray mustache abundant snow white hair gave impression highly intelligent likable thing put mouth ugly twist sort nervous tic leaving nearly held hand remembered killed lawyer cell small plump youngish sleek black hair spite heat shirt sleeves wearing dark suit stiff collar showy tie broad black white stripes depositing case bed introduced added perused record case utmost care
days later put cell slept plank bed hinged wall furniture bucket tin basin prison stands rising ground window glimpses sea hanging bars straining eyes sunlight playing waves jailer entered visitor thought marie visitors room corridor flight steps corridor large room lit big bow window divided compartments high iron grilles running grilles gap thirty feet sort land prisoners friends led point exactly opposite marie wearing striped dress side rails dozen prisoners arabs part marie side moorish women wedged small woman tight set lips fat matron hat talking shrilly distance visitors prisoners found raise voice room babel voices echoing bare walls sunlight streaming flooding harsh white glare feel dizzy
lying heard voices felt feet skirt body shapes pass sun breath inquisitive dog blew warm nervous neck feel skin broiling heat hear small exhausted wa expiring waves presently ear distinguished individual voices aware referred scornfully north guy kidnapped waiter cafe night order saw sponsor story white haired woman full evening dress obviously relic previous evening clung head discouraged orchid expired shoulder rosemary forming vague antipathy companions turned nearest side young woman lay roof umbrellas making list things book open sand bathing suit pulled shoulders ruddy orange brown set string creamy pearls shone sun face hard lovely pitiful eyes met rosemary fine jockey cap red striped tights woman rosemary seen raft looked seeing face golden leonine head blue tights hat talking seriously unmistakably latin young black tights picking pieces sea weed sand
matter solved scarcely spread jockey cap tall blonde sawing waiters left group morning dick diver broke look sunburn sunburn stay yesterday worried sat happy laugh welcomed intrusion wondered dick diver wouldn morning food drink substantial invitation kind charming voice promised care later open worlds unroll endless succession magnificent possibilities managed introduction wasn mentioned let easily knew respecting completeness private courtesy rosemary met save professional success diver brown hanging pearls looking recipe book chicken maryland twenty rosemary guessed face terms conventional prettiness effect heroic scale strong structure marking features vividness brow coloring associate temperament character molded intention chiseled direction prettiness point single slip irreparably diminished force quality
thirty evening meet guests coat carried hand toreador cape characteristic greeting rosemary mother waited speak allow reassurance voices surroundings resume rosemary point view spell climb fresher air mother looked personal qualities extraordinary plain unaccustomed change expression intensely calculated perfection villa diana transpired minute failures chance apparition maid background perversity cork guests arrived bringing excitement night domestic activity receded past gently symbolized diver children governess supper terrace beautiful garden mrs exclaimed garden dick won let worries diseases expect powdery mildew fly speck late blight pointed forefinger decisively rosemary saying lightness conceal paternal interest going save reason going give hat wear beach turned garden terrace poured cocktail
woke cooled shamed sight beauty mirror reassure awakened ache yesterday letter forwarded mother boy yale prom fall announced presence paris help emerged room ordeal meeting divers weighted double trouble hidden sheath impermeable met series fittings consoling remarked apropos distraught saleswoman think feels violently actually think opinions swing arcs approval disapproval yesterday rosemary resented remark desire minimize happened welcomed eagerly admired beauty wisdom jealous leaving hotel mother casual tone rosemary knew concealed significant opinions beauty frank implication rosemary bother rosemary recently allowed learn personable prettiness exactly acquirement french taxi looked matching
laughed later noblest relics evening stood dusky front lobby ritz telling night concierge general pershing wanted champagne brooks delay gun service frantic waiters emerged table set lobby abe representing general pershing stood mumbled remembered fragments war songs waiters injured reaction climax found neglected built waiter trap huge fantastic device constructed furniture lobby functioning bizarre machines goldberg cartoon abe shook head doubtfully steal musical saw mary interrupted abe begins bringing home anxiously confided rosemary abe home boat train leaves eleven important feel future depends catching argue exact opposite try persuade offered rosemary mary doubtfully maybe dick rosemary going home thought want face pale fatigue false dawn wan dark spots cheek marked color
quarters hour standing suddenly involved human contact sort thing likely happen mood wanting rigidly guard exposed consciousness frequently defeated purposes actor part sets craning forward stimulated emotional attention audience create ability bridge gap left open similarly seldom sorry need crave pity reserve means exercise abstract function pity dick analyzed incident ensued paced rue des spoken thin faced american thirty air scarred slight sinister smile dick gave light requested type conscious early youth type tobacco stores elbow counter watched heaven knew small chink mind intimate garages vague business conducted undertones barber shops lobbies theatres places rate dick face bobbed tad savage cartoons boyhood dick thrown uneasy glance dim crime stood
psychologist length breadth thickness cube real existence object course solid body exist real things think wait moment instantaneous cube exist don follow cube real existence pensive clearly proceeded real body extension directions length breadth thickness duration natural infirmity flesh explain moment incline overlook fact dimensions call planes space fourth tendency draw unreal distinction dimensions happens consciousness moves intermittently direction beginning end lives young making efforts cigar lamp clear remarkable extensively overlooked continued slight accession cheerfulness meant fourth dimension talk fourth dimension mean looking difference dimensions space consciousness moves
silent minute damned psychologist recovered stupor suddenly looked table laughed cheerfully reminiscence psychologist getting tobacco jar mantel began fill pipe stared look medical earnest seriously believe machine travelled certainly stooping light spill fire turned lighting pipe look psychologist face psychologist show helped cigar tried light uncut big machine nearly finished laboratory put mean journey account mean say machine travelled future future past don interval psychologist inspiration past presume moved space travelled future travelled travelled past visible room thursday thursday
told thursday principles machine showed actual thing incomplete workshop travel worn truly ivory bars cracked brass rail bent rest sound expected finish friday friday putting nearly found nickel bars exactly inch short remade thing complete morning ten clock machines began career gave tap tried screws put drop oil quartz rod sat saddle suppose suicide holds pistol skull feels wonder felt took starting lever hand stopping pressed immediately reel felt nightmare sensation falling looking round saw laboratory exactly happened moment suspected intellect tricked noted clock moment stood minute past ten nearly half past drew breath set teeth gripped starting lever hands thud
going big palace avoided fancy hammering gates bronze felt tolerably sure avoidance careful show concern abstain pursuit course things footing progress language addition pushed explorations missed subtle point language excessively simple exclusively composed concrete verbs abstract terms figurative language sentences simple words failed convey understand simplest propositions determined put thought machine mystery bronze doors sphinx corner memory growing knowledge lead natural feeling understand tethered circle miles round point arrival displayed exuberant richness thames valley hill climbed saw abundance splendid buildings endlessly varied material style clustering thickets evergreens blossom laden trees tree ferns
hot morning fourth think seeking shelter heat glare colossal ruin house slept fed happened strange thing clambering heaps masonry found narrow gallery end side windows blocked fallen masses stone contrast brilliancy dark entered groping change light blackness spots colour swim suddenly halted spellbound pair eyes luminous reflection daylight watching darkness instinctive dread wild beasts clenched hands steadfastly looked glaring eyeballs afraid turn thought absolute security humanity appeared living mind remembered strange terror dark overcoming fear extent advanced step spoke admit voice harsh ill controlled put hand touched soft eyes darted sideways white ran past turned heart mouth saw queer ape figure head held peculiar manner running sunlit space blundered block granite staggered moment hidden black shadow beneath pile ruined masonry
agony discomfort thought trying shaft leave turned mind continued descend intense relief saw dimly coming foot slender loophole wall swinging found aperture narrow horizontal tunnel lie rest soon arms ached cramped trembling prolonged terror fall unbroken darkness distressing effect eyes air full throb hum machinery pumping air shaft lay roused soft hand touching face starting darkness snatched matches hastily striking saw stooping white creatures similar seen ground ruin hastily retreating light living appeared impenetrable darkness eyes abnormally large sensitive pupils fishes reflected light doubt obscurity fear light soon struck match order fled vanishing dark gutters tunnels eyes glared strangest fashion
wonder frivolous say attend gross foreign form servitude called negro slavery keen subtle masters enslave north south hard southern overseer worse northern worst slave driver talk divinity look highway wending market night divinity stir highest duty fodder water horses destiny compared wth shipping interests drive squire stir immortal sneaks vaguely fears immortal divine slave prisoner opinion fame won deeds public opinion weak tyrant compared private opinion thinks determines fate emancipation west indian provinces fancy imagination wilberforce bring think ladies land weaving toilet cushions betray green interest fates kill injuring eternity mass lead lives quiet desperation called resignation confirmed desperation
endeavored acquire strict business habits indispensable trade celestial empire small counting house coast salem harbor fixture export articles country affords purely native products ice pine timber granite native bottoms ventures oversee details person pilot captain owner buy sell accounts read letter received write read letter discharge imports night parts coast richest freight discharged jersey shore telegraph sweeping horizon speaking passing vessels bound steady despatch commodities supply distant exorbitant market informed markets prospects war peace anticipate tendencies trade civilization taking advantage results exploring expeditions passages improvements navigation charts studied position reefs lights buoys ascertained tables corrected error calculator vessel splits rock reached friendly pier untold fate la universal science pace studying lives discoverers navigators adventurers merchants hanno phoenicians fine account stock stand
poor minority fare found proportion outward circumstances savage degraded luxury class counterbalanced side palace silent poor built pyramids tombs pharaohs fed garlic decently buried mason finishes cornice palace returns night perchance hut wigwam mistake suppose country usual evidences civilization exist condition large body inhabitants degraded savages refer degraded poor degraded rich need look farther shanties border railroads improvement civilization daily walks human beings living sties winter open door sake light visible imaginable wood pile forms young permanently contracted habit shrinking cold misery development limbs faculties checked certainly fair look class labor works distinguish generation accomplished
virtue sufficiently appreciated mankind nay greatly selfishness robust poor sunny concord praised fellow kind poor meaning kind uncles aunts races esteemed true spiritual fathers mothers heard reverend lecturer england learning intelligence enumerating scientific literary political worthies shakespeare bacon cromwell milton newton speak christian heroes profession required elevated place rest greatest penn howard mrs fry feel falsehood england women subtract praise due merely demand justice lives works blessing mankind chiefly benevolence stem leaves plants greenness withered herb tea sick serve humble employed quacks want flower fruit fragrance wafted ripeness flavor intercourse goodness partial transitory act constant costs unconscious
woods wished live deliberately front essential facts learn teach die discover lived wish live living dear wish practise resignation wanted live deep suck marrow live sturdily spartan put rout cut broad swath shave close drive corner reduce lowest terms proved mean genuine meanness publish meanness sublime experience able give true account excursion appears strange uncertainty devil god hastily concluded chief end glorify god enjoy forever live meanly ants fable tells ago changed pygmies fight cranes error error clout clout virtue occasion superfluous wretchedness
books read called readers concord culture amount town exceptions taste books english literature words read spell college bred called liberally educated acquaintance english classics recorded wisdom mankind ancient classics bibles accessible feeblest efforts acquainted middle age takes french paper news says practice canadian birth ask considers thing says add english college bred generally aspire english paper purpose reading english books find converse suppose comes reading greek latin classic original praises familiar called illiterate find speak silence
ready dining room professor bertrand expected plea sanity don volvo asked hopeless voice pretended pause think hope dawned husband face volvo thing bus car drive bus driver drive wouldn seen dead clutch makes leg ache children watched silently family row thought beth holiday car families heavens volvo big sorry voice wasn sorry sorry feel free drive durham pulled black driving gloves round holes swept stood silently till front door slammed triumph spitfire started drive rude noise died slowly durham echoed michael bitterly lucky tails ten miles don rude mother bertrand automatically mother shouted michael married stop saying think things knew males glared
bertrand locked car door carefully lunch calm voice told talbot arms christ imagine brown windsor soup beef veg tinned fruit tinned milk half cold coffee re getting bourgeois bertrand bertrand white hated called bourgeois suggest eyes roamed cathedral square rest snack bar windows obscured lemonade steam looks interesting real eat hands stop turning pack snobs beth michael groaned loudly sally brown windsor soup follow provoke real row public bad snack bar awful red plastic tables close couldn breathe deafening jukebox played month top pops sauce bottles meat pies lukewarm food watching group working corner stonemasons cathedral announced steady bertrand late leaned table caused interest customers stopped eating spoke sort voice working cathedral bald ben dust carts
pretty big pretty pretty think father beach lane point silence fell looking forward sailing dinghy asked bertrand cheered beth fact stop gloating family sailed lot till bertrand tried teach ten minutes pronounced sailing stupid sailed sailing tight family mike beth worried mean won shops stock assuming closing lawyer sheets blankets pots pans gas electricity chemical thing manage arctic looked worried guilty forced smile squeezed hand manage squeeze scramble bertrand hurried lawyer pick keys shops shut managed reopen biggest grocer smiling grimacing owner window shopping list simply bought sure thinking thing gave grocer lecture french butter
worked mad boat cleared hauled beach bertrand excited helped stow shed murmur photographs bones eyes discovery prowled detective case dog bone exceedingly primitive notice carved wood boat separate brass fittings means definitely pre victorian boats lake home objected mike beth kicked ankle bertrand didn hear swept sailing mountings rigging holes bored sides bedrock design say crude clumsy perfectly effective sail asked mike heavens timbers rotten bertrand took sailor knife spike drove timbers ouch knife sprang hand leaving dent hard iron oak rotten eh asked mike began sing heart oak ships shut ass beth daddy impossible say carrying dozen coats pitch repaired repaired look ropes worn bits smooth bet sail jolly fast mike hopefully
monk bertrand working area round covered mast spars sails laid precisely trampled sand look workshop cost packet fortnight holiday bertrand looked wiping sweat eyes money suppose forgotten need fridge home mend tried tack stupid bird warden want going tea re ready sit cold don expect call swept beth watched father trying screw metal loop gunwale shining patent tool looked hot angry maybe sally picking things sand asking listening answers beth put arms round sally trying distract wriggled free picked mike moved closer look light snapped bertrand sun shining plenty light bertrand hated watched working beth realized watching cliff path bicycle
standing doorway pair wet socks arm light battle eyes don tell bring child thought hand bit humility horrible silence mentioned mike peering mother shoulder caught beth eye flicked door beth needed prodding picked sally bodily moved follow taking eyes bertrand earshot row started hour later swept jumped spitfire roared unknown destination quarter hour bertrand looking calm ill beth sally leave longer miss morning surgery doctor wore brown quiet brown face balding forehead sad eyes drooping mustache looked bit portrait william shakespeare examined sally hand prescribe lime juice young ladies word receptionist receptionist motherly soul took sally kitchen supervise mixing drinks beth sat waiting room chair leaned head wearily hardboard partition thin hear word surgery
role culture understanding nature abnormal behavior anthropologists term ethnocentrism refer tendency view culture automatically advanced superior cultures country attitude creep thinking aware tempted regard cultural practices natural viewing groups primitive unnatural important confuse abnormality important idea relating concept abnormality idea culture cultural relativism idea introduced anthropologists early century argues universal standards applied cultures societies culture unique practices understood terms viewpoint idea normality depends greatly culture examined advocates cultural relativism argue universal forms abnormal behavior found cultures forms abnormal behavior universal entirely unique culture evidence support cultural relativistic view involves forms abnormal behavior clearly unique cultural group examples include form magic fright reported observed indian tribes central south america highlands peru bolivia affects young children adolescents victims show loss strength rapid heartbeat weight loss intense anxiety depression treated bodies rubbed plants animals
early century european witch craze ended major began occur western civilization order appreciate dominant view abnormal behavior shifted period look larger historical social context moment basic change society beginning century shift authority church modern nation national armies began late century hospitals exclusively controlled church idea cure increasingly secular medical remedies religious salvation earlier medieval period believed human passions controlled spiritual effort mysterious fearsome place live beginning modern era optimism began emerge italian renaissance underway copernicus offered theory shakespeare cervantes writing galileo kepler launching physics opened inquiring mind awareness social environment humanistic tradition began emerge beginning century showed shift intellectual political climate occurred early century saw rise factory system england beginning industrial revolution industrial revolution represent coming factories lives ushered conception alongside huge growth technology science change society standards normal behavior morality served needs factory system
idea abnormal behavior product disease deep historical roots psychiatry branch medicine concerned study abnormal behavior important biological advances understanding genetic disorders infectious diseases helped shape thinking idea abnormal behavior mental illness promoted physicians idea public education campaigns focused surprised hear peculiar ways symptomatic illness treat mental hospitals giving therapy course important regard patients outward important signs idea abnormal behavior illness commonly accepted language general public reflecting illness viewpoint farther terms patient treatment symptom number terms illness perspective understand perspective talk systematic study disorders term etiology look pattern symptoms occur person call syndrome person behavior studied order decide sort disorder process called diagnosis expect diagnosis tell treatments expect diagnosis tell prognosis statement likely course outcome disorder language generally illness perspective actually think diseases buss points generally accepted kinds disease medicine
psychological tests assessment instruments developed aim providing descriptions characteristics individuals predictions future behavior sources bias tests remain part psychological assessment human context interpreting results projective tests rorschach interpret response inkblot interpretation opportunity creative insight leaves open making incorrect interpretation psychologists university wisconsin jean chapman series studies help understand clinicians interpret projective tests inferences interested projective test called draw person test draw person test individual pencil blank sheet paper requests person drawn paper examining person drawn clinicians believe infer patient internal conflicts motivations personality surveyed large numbers experienced clinicians asked characteristics drawings related individual concerns conflicts results found psychological sense eighty percent clinicians agreed drawing board shoulders muscular body reflected worries manliness ninety percent clinicians agreed atypical eyes drawing percent clinicians agreed large emphasized head drawing person worried intelligence
suggested persons suffering hysterical disorders tend show major psychological characteristics tend extremely cases hysterical symptoms disappear person treating sufferer able provide convincing treatment placebo effect accomplished religious faith healing hypnosis administration inactive sugar pills conversion symptoms involve paralysis visual impairment loss feeling limb correspond pattern loss expect actual organic damage single important distinguishing feature hysterical disorders notes suffering disorder display termed la belle indifference totally unworried indifferent physical symptom occurs suffering chronic severe disease reliable indicator conversion disorders finally suffering conversion disorders obtaining secondary gains form sympathy attention symptoms characteristic unique hysterical disorders found cases disorder note conversion symptoms soon sudden extreme psychosocial stress warfare death loved temporal relationship psychologically meaningful environmental event development worsening symptom typically conversion disorders expressed sensory system motor system let examine typical conversion disorders occur systems typical forms sensory conversion disorders complete loss partial loss vision hearing sensation skin
imagine moment clinical psychologist interviewing help young sitting finds hard talk bothering conversation animated continues talk voice flattens monotone face loses expression mask suggesting despair surface hour goes begin picture maintains pleasant active facade personal cost simplest activities dressing driving enormous acts reports difficulty sleeping wakes dawn frequently night withdraws apartment refusing answer telephone lies listlessly hours front television set lately reports begun think suicide listen struck things mood obviously downcast occasionally tears eyes thinking pessimistic frequently talks disparaging stains suit rumpled appearance suggest longer cares appearance suit suggests lost fair amount weight recently gray bleak promising sit listening begin notice reactions notice mood exciting feel depressed goes begin feel mild irritation person
bronchial asthma disorder involving respiratory system asthma characterized narrowing airways leading lungs leaves sufferer wheezing struggling breath major types bronchial asthma called extrinsic type response substance person allergic substance dust chemical composition foods external allergens type called intrinsic typically respiratory infection bronchitis type asthma appears emotional factors stress properly termed asthma asthma frequently affects children estimated half asthmatics age younger boys frequent sufferers girls asthmatic patients experience relief disorder grow older noted variety determinants asthma attacks allergens intrinsic factors major according rees percent cases precipitated emotional reactions emotionally arousing experiences appears home environment play important role maintaining asthmatic attacks children finding illustrated fascinating study conducted purcell al purcell selected groups families group prior study suggested emotional factors important asthmatic attacks children group emotional factors important purcell colleagues instituted dramatic experimental intervention selection careful preparation children removed homes substitute mother lived child period weeks
seen major treatment approach psychophysiological disorders involves chemical surgical intervention affected organ system headache drugs administered reduce pain expanding blood vessels ulcers medications surgery treatment choice asthma hypertension drugs routinely administered medical interventions sort actually perpetuate psychophysiological disorders relieve schwartz thinks case recall schwartz offers theory psychophysiological disorders essence theory argues brain maintains health physiological systems operating regulating device receiving input organ systems altering level functioning schwartz notes body complex physical device effectively tolerances brain continually ascertain components working effectively component begins break brain adjust bring balance medical interventions treat affected organ system effect modifying feedback organ brain case brain operate effectively regulate organ system schwartz notes longer constrained deal problem physiological responding natural change body chemistry change style avoiding stressful situations changing environment choose operate artificially negative feedback systems generate natural signals discomfort
descriptions examples drawn naturalistic clinical observations lack precision carefully controlled studies provide psychologists concerned providing precise descriptions nature schizophrenic thought disorder descriptions give clearer understanding nature disorder provide hints search determinants consider examples psychological research attempt describe nature schizophrenic thought disorder precise scientific terms thought disorder candidate psychological study researchers apply knowledge cognitive processes normal individuals understand thought disorder observe clinical context psychologists interested mechanism attention role play schizophrenic thought disorder price schizophrenics report concentrate mind attentional difficulty show middle sentence attention wanders topic studied discharged schizophrenics compared matched controls test attention called continuous performance test patients rewarded correct responses later tested session distracting stimuli fail respond critical stimuli commit errors omission respond incorrectly noncritical stimuli errors commission schizophrenics tended errors omission especially distracted controls important aspect findings basic attentional deficit observed schizophrenics showing severe symptoms receiving medication
consider scene adult meets young boy related private place house mutual consent sexual relations stop moment consider carefully feelings scene feel angry disgusted shocked surprised learn northern africa scene normal accepted part everyday fact engage sexual activities subject ridicule peers consider scene handsome young attractive young woman walking central park clear spring walk hand hand gazing eyes pause touch lips put arms walk holding hands stop reading moment consider feelings scene feel considerably positive read feel sympathy joy approval unusual members tribe saw europeans kissing react tribe members laughed remarked look eat saliva dirt ford beach examples adult child homosexuality accepted kissing accepted tribe suggest crucial point human sexual behavior ideas concerning rights wrongs sexual behavior shaped norms values standards culture part result surprising differences reactions sexual practices mentioned scenes considered
order understand phenomenon child sexual exploitation learn characteristics participants involved family dynamics problem enmeshed attention devoted studying fathers cases father daughter incest weinberg distinguished groups fathers incest part pattern indiscriminate sexuality father views wife children objects unable develop warm tender relationships intense craving young children involve daughter children father introverted personality chooses daughter limited contacts family mother play important role cases father daughter incest avery lewis describes mother depressed isolated withdrawn feelings inadequacy mother wife child replacement mother feel overburdened sexual household role mother set stage alliance marital conflict inadequate supervision children financial stress parental history similar abuse contributing factors entire family implicated instances incest evidence suggests consequences incest child sexual exploitation severe victim concluded percent females involved relationships showed apparent adverse effects initially child react guilt anxiety fear anger guilt stem child enjoying sexual stimulation believing bad happen seducer imagining responsible incident
book homosexuality perspective masters johnson reported findings accumulated research evidence challenges myth tremendous differences homosexuals heterosexuals sexual functioning offers hope term homosexuals dissatisfied sexual orientation highly motivated change masters johnson report centers number research projects spanned period study examined physiological sexual responses sexually functional homosexual subjects laboratory setting homosexual volunteers able experience sexual arousal orgasm engaging variety sexual activities laboratory research project involved male female homosexuals ranged age sexual responses activities compared heterosexual male female volunteers majority participated study sexual response cycle earlier chapter let consider interesting highlights project capacity heterosexuals respond effective sexual stimulation indistinguishable differences homosexuals heterosexuals physical processes lubrication erection ejaculation orgasm rate failure achieve orgasm homosexuals heterosexuals low percent males females preselected sexual efficiency homosexual committed couples lived engaged delayed genital stimulation longer heterosexual married couples
chemotherapy gained increasing acceptance thought provoking questions proper effectiveness limitations drug treatments raised frequently voiced criticism chemotherapy overuse medication advocates drug treatment acknowledge medications prescribed excessive zeal consider comments point busy clinics office practice tempting allow chemotherapy displace sensitive honest attention painful difficult psychological social issues needs wishes patient practice arises part fact drugs easy administer physician generally effective unfortunately routine prescriptions substitute regular evaluation patient condition thoughtful consideration alternate treatments physician enthusiastic promotion chemotherapy foster unhealthy dependence medication patients attribute positive medications taking invest drugs magical powers effects patient belief drug curative powers reinforce physician tendency prescribe drugs routine basis medication effect patient ways treatment gains lasting believe efforts chemical agent responsible positive macdonald kern suggests encouraging patients attribute gains physicians promote enduring positive
remainder chapter discuss innovative treatment practices community mental health today moment discuss major dimensions revolution mental health bloom suggests number characteristics community health movement today let consider briefly community mental today emphasizes practice community underlying premise community responsible mental health citizens consequence goal movement attempts provide community patients spent public mental hospitals programs raise variety complex difficult questions feel living person discharged mental hospital willing volunteer help provide community based programs emphasis community mental health movement focus total populations individuals client price note longer individual family unit entire communities populations entirely individually oriented psychologists think natural part thinking important characteristic community mental health today emphasis prevention treatment goal reduce incidence disturbed behavior merely treat cases innovative programs underway help populations risk development variety psychological disorders
unavoidable surgical procedures especially young children produce genuinely stressful emotional hazard programs focused helping child anticipate cope stress prevent later severe emotional reactions study focused children ages undergo diagnostic experience called cardiac catheterization experience strange operating room procedure carried stressful rehearsed operating room procedure child acting puppet play puppet actually dressed hospital gown electrodes attached steps involved administering anesthetic child watched procedure roles reversed child played part doctor therapist acting role frightened child asking reassurance child playing doctor compared control group receive experience children received guidance showed emotional upset procedure willing return hospital treatment interestingly heller note intervention effect children groups compared home later hospital intervention effects highly specific impact careful research actual impact efforts needed succeed achieving prevention goals sort prevention program offered rationale research provide children interpersonal cognitive problem solving skills early school development
present history psychopathology order place contemporary developments perspective comment manner historians reconstructing past let consider archaeologists conjecture trephining crude surgical practice believed prevalent stone age assumed early periods chipped holes skulls troubled comrades allow escape evil spirits supposedly causing deviant behavior supposition based known recorded interviews practiced primitive surgical art skulls circular holes found archaeologists britain france parts europe peru holes skulls intentionally created repeated impacts sharp stones bone grown edges circle number skulls clear survived crude operations historians conclude holes purposes mentioned inflicted heat combat popular interpretation trephining practice facilitate exit evil spirits person mind body closely linked historians able learn conjecture nature stone age social order beliefs skulls found historians anticipated practices vogue finding skulls holes strengthened supposition unclear prehistoric determined spirits located head conjecture reasonable means trying find happened past mindful amount inference resorted
argued term medical model valuable widely discussed clinicians overview problems common criticism medical model examining abnormal behavior individual independent means verifying existence disease medicine symptoms factors producing disease process assessed determine individual temperature degrees germ microorganism initiated processes raising temperature independently determined say taking throat culture analyzing foreign organisms present disease model applied abnormal behavior assess independently symptoms supposed symptoms behavior symptoms categorized mental illnesses names illness cited explanation symptoms patient withdrawn hallucinating told patient schizophrenic label schizophrenia applied behavior addition behavior clear circular reasoning criticism mental illnesses assessed reasonable entirely applicable holding medical disease model point view sophisticated position assert diagnosis schizophrenia basis symptoms claiming symptoms produced presence schizophrenia
recent increased interest type learning modeling realize learn watching imitating experimental proved witnessing perform activities increase decrease diverse kinds behavior sharing aggression fear modeling treatment reduce fear dogs children witnessing fearless model engage activities dog initially fearful children showed decided increase willingness approach handle dog apparent number learning modeling brings important issue role mediators learning behavior consider happens kind modeling experiment mentioned person watches immediately shows change behavior overt responding learning place matter need observer reinforced learned person makes observable response outcomes similar led learning theorists infer mediators kinds order explain overt behavior general terms theory learning holds environmental stimulus initiate overt response directly intervening process process conceptualized internal response known affectionately divorcing behaviorism learning theorists adopt position conditions legitimate important observables psychologists fondly aspire status accorded physicists chemists point natural sciences ample effective supposed entities quark directly observed existence guessed inferred order sense existing data encourage search data
consider multiple personality told things character events memory waking morning remains cup tea bedside drink tea explain happenings seek treatment worry psychiatrist psychologist believe think psychotic days assumed normal meant multiple personality according dsm iii proper diagnosis multiple personality requires person separate ego states models feeling acting exist independently coming times ego contact person ego memory knowledge alternate existence states chronic severe attributable ingestion drug recently case eve white mentioned chapter carefully documented report multiple personality clinical literature cases account appeared journal abnormal psychology faces evelyn detailed history robert jeans psychiatrist treated woman case history accompanied exchanges team psychologists distant university
stressful conditions examined determine role etiology essential hypertension stressful interviews natural disasters anger anxiety found produce elevations blood pressure valentine ruskin board ax cobb examined effects loss employment blood pressure studied group workers beginning months jobs terminated subsequent loss employment control group consisting similar occupations lose jobs examined twenty month period participant study visited home times nurse separate periods blood pressure measured control subjects blood pressure lost jobs elevated blood pressure found anticipation job loss termination employment initial probationary period job difficulty finding stable employment suffered longest periods high blood pressure group studies burgess cohen stone based part psychoanalytic theory jack colleagues attempted determine blood pressure elevation aggression subjects task angered immediately interruptions supposed fellow subject actually confederate experimenter later half subjects opportunity retaliate results series investigations harassment course blood pressure rise males source frustration helps blood pressure decrease
true theorizing abnormal concerning depression points psychological physiological factors seen theoretical position emphasizes aspect depression expense section discuss theories couched psychological terms easy distinguish sadness normal depression contrast normal grief abnormal depression focal point abraham original attempt interpret depression psychoanalytic theorizing freud celebrated paper mourning melancholia abraham freud student saw differentiating depression normal grief freud elaboration abraham theorizing predictably freud saw potential depression created early childhood theorized oral period child needs insufficiently gratified person remains stuck stage dependent instinctual arrest psychosexual maturation fixation oral stage develop tendency excessively dependent maintenance esteem childhood adult suffer depression reasoning complex assuming unconscious processes part mourning freud hypothesized loss loved incorporates lost person identifies lost fruitless attempt undo loss freud asserted unconsciously harbor negative feelings love object hate anger addition resents deserted feels guilt real imagined sins lost person
substances alter mood behavior virtually human characteristic tendency abuse dsm iii follows contemporary practice distinguishing substance abuse substance dependence abuse usage interferes person customary substance dependence addiction physiological dependence drug tolerance builds increasing amounts required achieve effect withdrawal reactions person desist taking drug alcohol variety short term term effects human beings tragic nature ranging poor judgment motor coordination dire consequences alcoholic society addiction makes ordinary productive impossible extremely difficult overcome addicting drugs rely alcohol makes feel escape feeling bad prevalent notorious illegality called hard drugs narcotic heroin barbiturates seconal sedatives amphetamines cocaine stimulants cocaine appears present addicting heroin special concern recent stronger varieties barbiturates implicated intentional accidental suicides especially lethal alcohol cocaine risen dramatically past high cost elaborate paraphernalia drug circles nicotine especially body inhaled smoke cigarette worked addictive power humankind centuries spite somberly phrased warnings public health officials continues widespread
discussions rape based entirely historians sociologists political analysts journalists recently experimental psychologists trying bring phenomenon laboratory abel colleagues kind research initial study workers developed methodology relied help distinguish histories forcible sexual assaults women control subjects histories types unconventional sexual behavior homosexuality independent variable experiment consisted kinds erotic story recorded tape mutually enjoyable intercourse suitable partner rape partner enjoyable scene intercourse portrayed partner willing loving utterly involved subject rape scene victim resisted physical emotional pain according significantly aroused rape tape subjects expected pattern interestingly highly aroused mutually enjoyable intercourse tape fact tape aroused rape scene aroused lovemaking rape nonetheless showed mild arousal listening rape story finding responsive enjoyable sex scene rape scene support usual image rapist incapable finding stimulation conventional loving intercourse abel colleagues queried subjects afterward found adding imagined violence hurtful elements loving encounter attempt enjoy
area psychotherapy behavior therapy successful treating psychosexual dysfunctions therapists specialize sex therapists directly sexual problems question paying attention intrapsychic personality problems focused psychodynamic humanistic therapists date adequately controlled outcome studies overwhelming weight clinical evidence clearly effectiveness general learning approach treating sexual dysfunctions hogan offer scheme describing treatment sexual dysfunctions sex education techniques reducing anxiety skills communication training procedures change attitudes thoughts shifts routines marital therapy psychodynamic techniques medical physical procedures considered means therapist choose technique treat case multifaceted nature sexual problems demands dysfunctional ignorant basic facts human sexuality therapists devote effort educating clients sexual anatomy physiological processes intercourse unintentional important effect instruction legitimate explicit discussion sex taking realm unspoken taboo mystery dismissing anxiety embarrassment surrounding previously topic publication masters johnson therapy program box behavior therapists appreciated frightened clients needed gradual systematic exposure anxiety provoking aspects sexual situation wolpe systematic vivo real encounters employed apparently high degrees success hogan especially combined skills training
born doctors didn give months live mother told alive didn believe took hell lot showed love determination mother handicapped child don fact thought severe retardation cerebral palsy thought walk seizures school concentrating impossible major problem school daydreamed think wasn related retardation think lot kids diagnosed retarded retardation deal situations kind stood background kind knew knew problem re young don think problem problem getting labeled re person sic grade grade classmates thought teacher knew looked phone office conversation going transfer looked knew knowledgeable saying mother protected remember trying kids mother pulling think pain handicapped give love weight weight
inability relate situation crib found autistic children beginning autistic infants reported babies apparently place demands parents coo fret demand attention reach smile look mothers fed picked cuddled arch bodies caretakers molding adult normal babies autistic infants content sit quietly hours completely absorbed noticing goings doings unusual physical attractiveness noted infancy form attachments extremely dependent mechanical objects refrigerators vacuum cleaners avoid social interaction fall rapidly peers development autistic child failure relate studied laboratory settings observed autistic control children room masks mounted stands human faces happy sad blank oval mask animal masks monkey dog children allowed ten minutes explore room observed mirrors spent viewing face recorded clinical impressions autistic children spent looking happy face longer periods viewing animal faces looking fixtures room light switches faucets similar manner black freeman montgomery examined behavior autistic children played environments
earlier discussion point tend attribute personal unhappiness experience discrepancy anatomy gender identity similar process operates viewed obvious characteristic seventy cranky depressed happy assumed age age explanation generally physical explicit ill defined physical deterioration assumed underlie physical problems psychological problems physical explanation psychological disorder locates problems blinds factors mental emotional distress suffering normal aging processes forgetful diminish sexual capacity fact psychopathology found aged directly linked physiological processes aging stress live poverty mobile inability terms loneliness death spouse friends person brings maladaptive personality traits inadequate coping skills age figures view losses inherent age loss status power control diminishing physical capacities surprising depression prevalent psychological disorder older occurring younger
brain located protective covering skull enveloped layers tissue membranes referred meninges membranes outer tough dura mater intermediate web arachnoid soft pia mater viewed top brain divided midline fissure mirror image cerebral hemispheres constitute cerebrum major connection hemispheres band nerve fibers called corpus callosum figure shows surface cerebral hemispheres upper side lower surfaces hemispheres constitute cerebral cortex cortex consists layers tightly packed neuron cell bodies short interconnecting processes neurons estimated billion number thin outer covering called gray matter brain cortex vastly convoluted ridges called depressions fissures deep fissures divide cerebral hemispheres distinct areas called lobes frontal lobe lies front central parietal lobe lateral temporal lobe located lateral occipital lobe lies parietal functions tend localized areas lobes vision occipital discrimination sounds temporal reasoning higher mental processes regulation fine voluntary movements frontal initiation movements skeletal musculature band front central band receipt sensations touch pressure pain temperature body position skin muscles tendons joints
adrenal cortex centrally involved activation emergency physiological responses energy needs human organism chronic insufficiency cortisone secretion adrenal cortex produces addison disease english physician thomas addison patient loses weight suffers low blood pressure irritable easily fatigued skin membranes darken person depressed sociable abnormal growths adrenal glands secrete cortisone condition produced called cushing syndrome harvey cushing american brain surgeon rare disease affects young women afflicted individual severe mood swings pleasant depressed anxious agitated irritable physical disfiguring obesity muscle wasting skin color texture bone porosity bring spinal deformity occur organic personality syndrome personality undergoes change damage brain specific nature personality change difficult predict depends extent function location brain structures altered emotionally unable control sudden bouts crying temper outbursts provocation sexually act inappropriately concern consequences apathetic losing interest daily activities friends hobbies develop paranoid personality brain tumor neoplasm abnormal growth produce wide variety psychological physical symptoms tumors malignant benign malignant growths interfere directly neural functioning destroying original brain tissue started grow
rare forms mental deterioration begin individual forties fifties referred disease pick disease huntington parkinson disease disorders disease brain tissue deteriorates rapidly death occurring onset symptoms disorder times prevalent women disease german neurologist alois difficulties concentration individual appears absentminded irritable shortcomings soon begin interfere leads blames personal failings delusions persecuted memory continues deteriorate individual increasingly disoriented agitated primary physiological change brain evident autopsy general atrophy cerebral cortex neurons lost fissures widen ridges narrower flatter senile plaques found scattered cortex small round areas tissue granular material filaments tangled threadlike structures tangles replace nerve cells basal ganglia disease simply early variant senile dementia occurs abruptly distinguished symptoms notable senile dementia speech impairments involuntary movements limbs agitation occasional convulsions rapid mental deterioration disorder arnold pick prague physician pick disease degenerative disorder central nervous system frontal temporal lobes atrophy disease progresses deterioration pervasive
number country breaks flat country big cotton fields grove live oaks yonder big house whitewashed shacks alike set row cotton fields cotton growing doorstep sits black sucks thumb watches left red hills high blackberry bushes fence rows blackjack clumps bottoms place growth pines stand close haven burned sheep grass burned black stubs cotton patches cling hillsides gullies cut cotton patches corn blades hang stiff streaked yellow pine forests ago bastards set mills laid narrow gauge tracks knocked company paid dollar folks swarmed brush dollar folks god knows riding wagons chest drawers bedstead wagon bed kids huddled woman hunched wagon seat poke bonnet head snuff gums young hanging tit saws sang soprano clerk commissary passed molasses sowbelly wrote big book yankee dollar confederate dumbness collaborated heal wounds fratricidal strife merry marriage bell
felt sugar boy extra stitch half mile hit turn sugar boy turned gravel sprayed rocks crunching popping underside fender grease skillet left trail dust car ride saw house set rise box house story rectangular gray unpainted tin roof unpainted giving blazes sun rust bitten big chimney end pulled gate house set close road hog wire fence big yard crepe myrtles bloom color raspberry ice cream looking cool heat corner yard live oak brag dying side front house couple magnolias side rusty looking tinny leaves wasn grass yard half dozen hens wallowed fluffed dust magnolia trees big white hairy dog collie shepherd lying front porch story front porch looked stuck box house afterthought looked farmhouses ride country middle afternoon chickens trees dog asleep person house woman finished washing dishes swept kitchen upstairs lie half hour pulled dress kicked shoes lying bed shadowy room eyes closed strand hair matted forehead perspiration
judge didn drop dead face didn show thing felt stiffen turn shut door night find standing dark jump boss easy grinning taking hat head stepping inside invited jack trouble judge looking beg pardon voice knew cold rasping phonograph needle scraping record forgotten moment needs provided jack making boss sir judge turned boss slanted yellow eyes half head taller jaw muscles twitch knot folds red rusty seamed skin jaw wish say don boss remarked offhand moment judge case develop boss broke tell weight arches case judge resumed needle record scraping file cold tin human say retire early boss took giving judge irwin head toe judge wearing fashioned velvet smoking jacket pants boiled shirt collar tie gold collar button shining big red adam apple
night train bearing duffy city report doubt joe harrison puffing sage country stars willie bed hours sleeping fumes reached bottle writing table room hotel upton sadie stuff let bars kicked boards loose asked understand grammatically refer poured drink forgot re fellow college yes fellow grammatically college learned decided willie word stumped didn ride rods buy mule steal drove pants pretty secondhand car washboard hub deep dust black gumbo rain sat car waiting span mules pull stood schoolhouse steps top boxes borrowed drygoods store seats farm wagons porches crossroads stores talked friends red necks suckers fellow hicks say leaning forward leaning looking pause letting words sink quiet crowd restless resentful words words knew called words called face
massive japonica tree steps leaned scoop petals hand water cold held petals hand walked curving drive gate stood pressing petals palm looking bay bright strip whitish sand streaked drift noon began rain drizzle drip spongy sky lasted days afternoon morning afternoon put raincoat belonging young executive walked drizzle walker lungs flushed ozone walking thing afternoon walked beach past stanton place cold hollow looking dripping leaves irwin place judge irwin put chair heels fire opened bottle choice maryland rye give drink invited dinner night took drink left walked houses brush oak tangles pine rising occasionally open patch ground gray shack walked bay streets town till half moon shaped cove bay pine grove close white sand walked shelter pines heels deep needles sand
true business looking sea mother later big boy stand gate look water spent hours didn wore wore born son scholarly attorney arkansas girl steps commissary car rain night entered lobby hotel midnight clerk saw enter beckoned gave number call giving operator prostration didn recognize number ask party named miss burke clerk added didn bother upstairs calling stepped hotel lobby booths hotel crisp voice answered asked miss burke sadie voice saying god called burden landing god knows left walk sugar boy suite hell popped hung receiver deliberately walked desk asked clerk give bag bellhop drink lobby cooler bought couple packs cigarettes sleepy sister lobby stand opened package lighted stood drag look blank lobby place
moment cass genuinely confused questioned phebe replied took river answered repeated river laughed abruptly added won look sold yes sold making negroes orleans knows knew knows sold say ran illinois sold thirteen hundred dollars price cass yellow girl sprightly phebe reports journal laughed bitterness rudeness say yes replied price pay penny worth money boat louisville nigger sitting landing stage blind picking guitar singing dan tucker took money bag walked laid hat going give money felt money defiled didn free cass asked stay wouldn stay look wouldn wife coachman stay look tell tell knows abide
broke piece chocolate expectant lips peered george face taste buds doubt glowed incandescent dark glands tired sweet happy sigh released juices george face took expression slow deep bliss saint physical chocolate bar physical look causing look face think bite jesus slug hershey going tell difference huh didn say looking leaning spectacles hanging coat hanging belly hanging leaning holding morsel chocolate clucking soft face happy word face looked suddenly saw white room sea rain squall driving sea early dark lashed windowpanes happy sound safe fire danced hearth windowpanes rain ran thread night black glass silver mix silver flames caught leaned held daddy brought tonight bite broke piece held bite supper ready supper
court house hold abstract irwin place eighteenth century spanish grant present moment entry mortgage irwin mercantile bank due january late january chunk paid mortgage redrawn middle interest payments passed march foreclosure proceedings instituted judge saved bell early entry satisfaction mortgage full entries abstract tapped hollow sound broke hollow sound tomb married rich wife rich word cousin evidence mrs irwin sallow face decided put crowbar check date marriage dates abstract tell put crowbar knew mrs irwin date marriage easy hour newspaper files public library city looking society pages twenty yellow crumbling gay grand light collar wilted hands begrimed words scribbled envelope inside coat pocket mabel carruthers child le carruthers savannah georgia married january
heard racket reception room opened eyes slammed door caught whir passage sadie burke swung ken making curve open door motion slamming charging direction stood front desk fought air say say times seen worked morning found nordic nymph skated boss bed chicago morning exploded boss door parabola office black chopped hair wild face riddled plaster paris mask medusa hot bituminous eyes full blaze bellows pumping flame morning doubt plenty occasions sadie boss seen exactly eye eye boss nordic nymph household hints columnist chronicle sadie exactly condoning sadie condoning nature peculiar accommodation finally reached damn sadie let let knows knows added grimly try fury god satire tongue tongue cat tails rare bursts dry eyed grief kind pleasure wry twisted god knows watching development pattern case watching slut bounced boss stand grinning heavy sure patient tongue lashing
late summer didn days night windless full moon atmosphere scarcely cooled stirred coming evening anne swum hotel diving tower late water lay big float talking touching lying backs looking sky began climb tower rolled side watch twenty foot board poised moment swan dive nice board don dives lot drowsily watched watched climb slow rung rung moonlight wet fabric dark bathing suit making look metal lacquer watched poise verge lift arms tingling extreme rise toes leave board hang instant dully gleaming form slender high blotted star instant heady swoop clean swishing rip water dived circus hoop covered black silk spangled silver happened took highest dive seen highest saw climbing slow pass board twenty foot board called didn look
regarded beautiful juicy soft vibrant sweet smelling sweet breathed machine provoking satisfying appetite married soon began regard person trouble began struck dumb puberty withstood talk talks sooner later begin listen sound makes begin face evidence regard person begin apply human standards human element infects innocent eden pleasure juicy sweet breathed machine loved machine love georgia peach definitely love person fact realization grew machine belonged instrument person thing talk machine innocently loved began resemble beautiful luscious open pulsing glimmering deep small speck marine drawn remorselessly resembled butt wine duke drowned sure god duke clarence resembled greedy avid delicious quagmire swallow lost traveler tired liquid contented sigh yes greedy delicious quagmire solemn temples gorgeous palaces towers battlements libraries museums huts hospitals houses cities works swallowed luxurious sigh recall paradox merely machine simply dressed animal part innocent nonhuman nature begun notice sounds words harm harm extraordinary pleasure provide
lobby dome blaze light statues stood statesmanlike dignity pedestals mark quarters place moved area walked east wall inset elevators approached statue general moffat indian fighter successful land speculator governor noticed figure leaning pedestal adam stanton saw clothes soaked mud filth slopped trousers half knees understood abandoned car walked rain saw looked direction eyes boss adam adam took step look boss veered adam thrust hand preparation handshake howdy doctor began holding hand instant adam stood immobile refuse shake hand approaching put hand felt surge relief thought shaking hands saw hand recognized object significance recognition form mind nerves saw spurts pale orange flame muzzle weapon hear report lost merged positive staccato series reports left
newspaper room library saw sugar boy improbable place encounter scarcely accepted evidence eyes head hung forward weight stem neck thin pink baby skin skull areas hair prematurely short arms sleeves wrinkled blue serge lay symmetrically table brace stuffed sacks country sausage laid butcher counter pale chubby hands curled innocently varnished yellow oak table looking picture magazine hands hand quick flickering motion remembered dropped level table side pocket coat presumed returned cube sugar popped mouth flickering motion hand reminded wondered carrying gun looked left side shoulder couldn tell sugar boy blue serge coat size big sugar boy didn want raise head look sunk picture magazine tried door edged side easy past natural area vision lifted head eyes met rose chair gave ambiguous nod served merely recognition chilly discouraging recognition signal follow hall talk
later later woke morning discover believe twitch believe seen live die seen lucy stark sugar boy scholarly attorney sadie burke anne stanton live ways living twitch seen father die seen friend adam stanton die seen friend willie stark die heard say breath jack believe seen friends willie stark adam stanton live die killed doom student history jack burden adam stanton call idea willie stark call fact doomed destroy doomed try yearn try incomplete terrible division age jack burden friends doomed saw doomed doom godhead twitch doomed lived agony hugh miller attorney general willie stark later jack burden friend discussing theory moral neutrality history history blind looks hugh politics hold coat
lady weighed hundred fifty pounds attracted consideration fact honors house dignity respectable daughter cunegonde aged seventeen rosy fresh plump appetizing baron son appeared respects worthy father tutor pangloss oracle house candide listened lessons candor age character pangloss taught proved admirably effect worlds lord baron castle finest castles lady demonstrated things end necessarily end note noses wear spectacles spectacles legs visibly instituted breeches stones formed cut castles lord handsome castle greatest baron province housed pigs eaten eat pork round asserted foolish thing candide listened attentively believed innocently thought mademoiselle cunegonde extremely beautiful bold tell concluded happiness born baron thunder ten happiness mademoiselle cunegonde fourth listen doctor pangloss greatest philosopher province
bed fast asleep pleased heaven send bulgarians fine castle thunder ten slaughtered father brother cut mother pieces big bulgarian feet tall seeing lost consciousness sight set raping brought regained senses screamed struggled bit scratched tried tear big bulgarian eyes knowing happening father castle matter custom brute stabbed knife left side bear mark alas certainly hope naive candide cunegonde let candide took thread story bulgarian captain saw bleeding soldier disturb captain grew angry lack respect brute showed killed body wounds dressed took quarters prisoner war laundered shirts cooking found pretty admit deny built soft white skin rest wit philosophy easy brought doctor pangloss months lost money taste sold jew named don traded holland passionate love women
present memory horrible saw father mother killed sister raped bulgarians withdrawn adorable sister found mother father serving girls boys slaughtered put cart buried jesuit chapel leagues castle forefathers jesuit threw holy water horribly salt drops eyes father noticed tiny movement eyelid put hand heart felt beating rescued weeks happened dear candide pretty reverend father superior house conceived tender friendship gave dress novice later rome father general needed young german jesuit recruits sovereigns paraguay receive spanish prefer foreigners feel masters judged fit reverend father general labor vineyard set pole arriving honored today colonel priest give king spain troops vigorous reception warrant excommunicated beaten providence sends true dear sister cunegonde neighborhood governor buenos aires
candide admitted martin sat table meal entertaining end talked frankness father candide monk enjoy destiny envy flower health shines face physiognomy bespeaks happiness pretty girl recreation content condition faith sir friar wish bottom sea tempted hundred times set fire monastery turn turk parents forced age fifteen put robe order leave greater fortune older brother god confound jealousy discord rage inhabit monastery true preached bad sermons brought money half prior steals rest serves girls monastery evening ready smash head dormitory walls colleagues martin turning candide customary coolness haven won wager candide gave thousand thousand friar warrant happy don believe martin unhappier candide thing consoles find thought find met red sheep meet cunegonde
king young babylon named fine native disposition strengthened education young rich knew moderate passions affectation insist able respect human frailty astonished wit insultingly vague incoherent loud remarks reckless slander ignorant pronouncements crude puns empty clamor words called conversation babylon learned book love balloon inflated wind tempests emerge pricked pride scorning conquering women generous afraid oblige accordance precept eat give food dogs bite wise sought live wise instructed sciences ancient chaldeans ignorant physical principles nature known knew metaphysics known age say firmly convinced composed hundred sixty quarter days spite philosophy sun center leading magi told insulting sentiments bad believe sun revolved axis twelve months enemy silent anger disdain
envious happy hands means ruining virtuous attractive full cruel joy satire written hand communicated king put prison friends lady trial soon deigning hear receive sentence envious passed told loud voice verses worthless plume poet despair condemned guilty seeing beautiful lady friends held prison crime committed allowed speak tablets spoke law babylon execution curious crowd dared sympathize rushing study face die grace relatives distressed inheriting quarters estate confiscated advantage king quarter advantage envious preparing death king parrot flew balcony alighted garden rose bush peach carried wind nearby tree fallen piece writing tablet stuck bird picked peach tablet brought laid monarch knees
words impression grain sand resolved diamond began stealing horses took comrades capable robbing small caravans bit bit abolished share goods rewarded interest esteemed chief acquired castle assault satrap syria wanted dispossess rich fear gave money satrap return castle enlarged domains named treasurer tributes arabia paid king kings job collector payer grand babylon satrap king strangled arrived orders informed persons strangled presence brought tighten noose asked commission strangling worth replied amount hundred gold pieces clearly gain today officers richest word succeed
lightning struck walked random entered babylon fought lists assembled grand vestibule palace explain riddles answer questions grand knights arrived green armor soon appeared city gathered round eyes seeing mouths blessing hearts wishing empire envious saw pass shivered turned carried assembly hall queen apprised arrival prey agitation fear hope devoured anxiety understand arms wearing white armor confused murmur arose sight surprised delighted knights fought permitted assembly fought wearing armor waiting honor proving ask permission present explain riddles took vote reputation strongly imprinted minds hesitate admit grand proposed question things longest shortest swiftest slowest divisible extensive neglected regretted small
resting awhile ate breakfast big mountains prepared nicely decided reconnoiter country north south ordinary steps thirty thousand royal feet dwarf saturn panting distance dozen steps took stride picture permissible comparisons tiny lap dog captain king prussia guards foreigners move pretty fast globe thirty hours true sun earth makes journey mind easier turn axis walk feet started seeing pool imperceptible called mediterranean pond ocean surrounds molehill dwarf knees barely wet heel fro try globe inhabited stooped lay groped eyes hands proportioned beings crawl receive slightest sensation suspect colleagues inhabitants globe honor existing dwarf judged bit hastily decided earth reason seen
traveled france reign louis thing asked wanted breakfast piece marshal flesh roasted distributed reasonable price wanted continually prey civil wars place council pages controversy sixty fire covered violently blown devastating lovely freedoms church alas born gentle drawn character makes jokes makes saint bartholomew massacres happy jokes crossed england quarrels exciting holy catholics resolved church blow sky high gunpowder king royal family entire parliament deliver england heretics showed square blessed queen mary daughter henry viii hundred subjects burned priest assured action firstly burned english place took holy water believe saint patrick purgatory especially astonished queen mary canonized hoped soon cardinal nephew leisure holland hoped find tranquillity phlegmatic peoples cutting head venerable arrived hague bald head prime minister deserved republic
october father berthier misfortune paris versailles friar ordinarily accompanies berthier put carriage copies journal de present protectors maid lady nurse officer table king apprentice lords set store talents road berthier felt attacks nausea head grew heavy gave frequent yawns don matter yawned reverend father replied friar fair return mean fair return friar berthier point friar yawning don read haven spoken road saying words friar yawned replied yawns ended coachman turned seeing yawn started yawning malady attacked yawned neighboring houses influence mere presence learned slight cold sweat berthier don matter feel ice think friar companion think berthier mean mean frozen falling asleep berthier
young widow quality neighbor modest fortune willing bring place security riches monsieur madame de la appropriating marrying young marquis attracted house let loved let glimpse led degrees bewitched subjugated difficulty gave praise advice friend father mother lady neighbor suggested marriage parents dazzled splendor alliance accepted suggestion joy gave son intimate friend young marquis marry woman adored loved friends family congratulated draw articles working marriage garments morning knees charming widow love esteem friendship give tasting tender animated conversation fruits happiness making arrangements lead delight valet lady mother arrives frightened news says bailiffs monsieur madame house seized talk imprisonment going haste paid wages let says marquis adventure yes says widow punish rascals quick runs arrives house father imprisoned servants fled directions carrying
legs eyes legs distance leagues goddess chariot drawn rapidity white horses fashion ladies travel coachman drive husbands surer virtue wanted directly contrary sentiment moralists say virtue solitude running wheels chariot turning eye direction lady astonished eyed agility proving indefatigable loves tawny wild beast pursued hunters crossed highway frightened horses taking bit teeth sweeping fair lady precipice lover frightened cut traces marvelous dexterity horses took perilous leap lady white fright forget owe ask ah reason replied offer offering offer eye eye looks eyes lady smiled eyed bring smile
conversations poor priest excellent anatomist surgeon st james park lost thought meditation looking false calculation matter bladder colon tormenting gall bladder seen going past carriage bishop gloucester loquacious insolent foot irritated thought occurred wanted kingdom ten thousand seeing ten thousand priests england protector death lord chesterfield deaf let assume ten thousand anglican priests protectors case twenty thousand makes angry put mind remembered proposed india cabin boy assured fortune feel fitted admiral examined professions remained priest don priest philosopher trade demands riches income thirty guineas death aunt fifty dear live freedom think
toilet power diarrhea makes dysentery takes courage propose weakened insomnia slow fever fifty attack broad daylight believe army dysentery battle won victory pants soldiers diarrhea doubt gorged bad grapes road historians army sick fought bare ass show french dandies beat tar words jesuit daniel write history french repeated edward iii burghers delivered ropes necks hang dared sustain siege courage wife finally obtained pardon tears custom barbarous times burghers present conqueror ropes necks held shanty certainly generous edward desire wring neck hostages loaded presents honors weary nonsense styled historians stuffed chronicles battles badly soon believe gideon won signal victory hundred pitchers
relationship inflation increase identified homosexuals rising divorce rates shoddy consumer products women liberation rising urban crime rates proliferation cults increase rude uncooperative sales help happening studying peoples cultures south america india africa decades mind thought study customs institutions remote areas someday understanding native land insights gleaned research societies contribute explanation american customs institutions changed radically important point anthropologists aspects social related actually related part culture effect parts seen connection part perceived lives affected happening true hope understand aspect changed view isolation study interconnectedness taking place interconnectedness major trained live strangers record explain diversity human customs institutions anthropologists acquire view culture broader holistic social scientists
likely fashion spear point fall midflight woman weaves basket likely rotted straw similarly sewing parka husband hunting family temperature sixty stitches perfect boats uncles fathers sail seaworthy art permits contrast hard care strangers products strangers era industrial mass production mass marketing quality constant problem intimate sentimental personal bonds responsible products withered replaced money relationships producers consumers strangers women involved stages production distribution management worker factory floor office help salespeople strangers larger companies hundreds thousands working product meet face face learn names larger company complex division labor greater sum uncaring relationships greater effect murphy law growth adds layer layer executives foremen engineers production workers sales specialists payroll employee contributes diminished share production process alienation company product likely increase neglect purposeful sabotage quality standards
government high risk area seventy applies social security benefit clerk says check senior citizen remarks live clerk replies don worry paid estate department stores high risk area sales help longer find customers customers find sales help experienced shopper learns look telltale signs lurking corner woman handbag walking slowly figure permanently stooped distant counter finding chatting laughing middle room won solve problem help sorry don section woe customer presumes small fund extra knowledge items services employee handling tell paint washable says label say don mister forms range subtle evasion open hostility young woman standing register arms folded leaning partition customer asks help replies frankly supposed coffee break fifteen minutes ago going wait break understandably abuses clients customers violate civil criminal statutes greatest attention consumer advocates negligence malpractice breach contract cases involving service personnel clog courts
today countries united states mighty democracy leader western democratic nations image clear glance nearly clear say mid nineteenth century united states functioning democracy war democracy wave future today quarter twentieth century versions democracy states western alliance systems parliamentary democracy practiced britain countries system political thinkers writers offer varying lists democratic standards striking assertion representatives communist countries democracies version democracy democratic addresses roots inequality faced clash principles longer sufficient identify american systems democracy define describe american democracy greater detail need look distinctive features system eyes let closer look important principles democracy americans understand contrast versions democracy americans invent democracy ancient greeks word comes greek word rule meant reaching system today citizen athenian polis city entitled variety rights political participation
constitutions commonly classified written unwritten according evolved naturally generations derived conscious act series acts deliberate policy reduced writing distinction valid points view importance important question theory politics founded american constitution written variety founded theory organ government entitled absolute power essential corollary original document established judicial decision supreme court chief justice marshall judicial arm government position strike usurpations power branches congress originally unwritten constitution england later britain thought follow pattern evolved theory based absolute sovereignty parliament laws simple majority house originally advantages parliament thought acted bastion liberty arbitrary government executive acting nominally behalf crown matters developed sovereignty parliament concentrated house commons executive plays predominant part commands automatic majority system voting britain majority members house commons elected small minority voters election quarter entitled vote
reservations framers setting constitution large country powerful central government threat freedom citizens delegates opposed strong central government picture minds small republic ideal form government picture drawn part knowledge greek city states roger sherman connecticut put happy small large states problem small republics weak standing protect independence economies associate common organization mutual protection members constitutional convention generally smaller states believed confederation limited functions keeping peace states defending foreign enemies needed james madison role answer small republic argument antiquity small republics beset conflicts classes fatal liberty large republic preferable argued liberty protected variety interests parties sects embraces extended republic united states divided groups single amounting majority smaller groups majorities formed process force group moderate position protect liberties convention persuaded madison argument realization security peace economic development achieved strong central government created coexistence problem power center accommodated governmental structure existing powerful establishments
participation public affairs significantly influenced personal experiences political environment includes governmental system social psychological physical factors impact political attitudes behavior term political socialization refers process individuals gain attitudes values information influence political decisions actions lead perceive political events manner students political socialization generally agree manner adult political attitudes formed highly complicated process beginning early childhood nonpolitical political experiences continuing adolescence adulthood continuous process political socialization occurs stages periods stage basic foundation stage occuring early childhood general political attitudes loyalties established critical stage family exercises greatest influence stage occurring late childhood early adolescence involves learning specific information regarding political institutions presidency congress local government political parties peer groups mass media begin play role influence family school important stage beginning late adolescence continuing person involves reactions specific political events personalities policies peer groups mass media important adulthood political personalities experiences events influential individuals lifetimes political orientations attitudes acquired response changing conditions built basic foundation orientations established childhood factors involved political socialization process discussed detail later chapter
important candidates issues voter term candidate orientation refers interest candidates separate party affiliations political issues standpoint candidates viewed basis presumed effectiveness office personality characteristics candidate judged past record personal appearance style party affiliations weakened voters apparently confused issues possibly indifferent vote candidate trust millions democrats crossed party lines vote eisenhower similar numbers republicans voted johnson impact issues varies election election depending factors issues voters awareness issues manner candidates present issues early voters issues evaluate candidates frequently previous elections change occurred major issues appeared including vietnam war racial unrest watergate dual economic problems inflation unemployment issues impact generation independent voters result presidential contests johnson goldwater nixon mcgovern issues major importance determining outcome presidential elections study center political studies university michigan concluded election decline impact issues increase party influences voting americans form party affiliation early change regardless candidates issues millions voters counted party
riddle democratic party congress give support president carter reason political parties don mean longer think shows absence partisanship thing speaking watching washington think discouraging thing dangerous thing president carter won nomination immediately fell heir million treasury finance campaign party help fellow democrats didn help candidate nixon cut loose party ran nomination put campaign financing hands committee reelect president creep operated independently party primaries party didn carter primaries fought front victory exertions fine want president free independent beholden diminishes loyalty democrats comes passing energy tax relief panama canal carter bills america party system theoretically rate parties obsolete stalemate legislation develops carter nation party shown public impatience congress course democratic congress thing party political agency plan outline program voter support participation run agency continuity makes pledges accepts responsibility
spectacular hearings oriented specific policy proposals inquiries conducted congressional committees purpose gathering information dealing policy issues later house committee science conducts annual seminar social problem science address invites leading political scientific academic figures testify discuss matters joint economic committee legislative authority purpose conduct studies policy recommendations instrument informing congress find method effective congressional investigation tendency investigating committees search guys bad guys affair scrutiny investigations times characteristics trials excite interest attaches trial individual liberty property stake spectacular congressional investigation recent decades senate investigation watergate burglary subsequent efforts president nixon chief aides cover hearings televised daily cast characters included virtually high official white house cabinet members republican party officials hearings full drama showed congressional investigation carried dignity respect law generally conceded congress power investigate order inform nation regarding problems possibly requiring legislative action concerned extent congressional authority threatens exposure clear legislative purpose rights guaranteed individual fourth amendments constitution
political campaign heard congressional candidates shout electorate elect sending message washington sure message re starting find week house democratic caucus met secret session voted prevent house members convicted indicted crimes legislative body losing chairmanship committees overwhelming votes democratic caucus word wasn going bogged silly ethical standards demanding branches government congressman told house member convicted indicted courts mean chair subcommittee think happens justice department business re position judge assume true members house reprimanded taking money south koreans certainly reprimanded spending money public expected korean scandal wildest dreams prepared subcommittee unethical re monsters agree told congressman entire country puzzled going convicted crime indicted reprimanded violating ethical standards house believe chairing committees responsible laws land let guilty taking money south koreans table cast stone
practical political reasons president attempt select department heads major geographic area represented political considerations help determine cabinet appointments president carter appointed fourth women serve cabinet selected patricia harris secretary housing urban development juanita secretary commerce invariably president appoint department heads order repay political debts give representation factions party utilize person political knowledge presumed ability congress head departments including agriculture commerce labor presidents customarily appoint individuals knowledge areas acceptable leading organized groups interested department similar reasons secretary interior westerner acquainted conservation problems primary concern department addition selecting department heads political considerations qualifications positions presidents customarily selections personal reasons kennedy choice brother robert attorney general carter appointment friend griffin bell post notable examples months white house carter set factors considered important cabinet members highly individualistic broad range background experience government private sector geographically balanced superb administrators complete confidence re completely loyal american cabinet countries role changed
implementation plans hands planning commissions departments ultimately city councils reflecting forces community decisions basis political judgment seldom basis project technical conformity master plan student planning expressed planning closest thing produce simply interests organized fortified important political economic resources central power substantial independent impact run problem metropolitan planning course fact planning cities units metropolitan perspective metropolitan planning place organizations called metropolitan planning commissions councils governments cogs units composed representatives governments region responsibilities study problems land planning transportation recommend solutions power political weakness metropolitan planning reflected fact financial support planning comes federal government planning grant programs federal government strengthened organizations making approval grant applications contingent clearing applications regional planning organizations federal government potent influence metropolitan planning programs water quality supervised environmental protection agency epa regional entities cogs required approve land plans implications water quality area streams lakes
noteworthy war ii countries including defeated axis powers germany italy japan follow american establishing strong supreme courts responsibility constitutional interpretation west german federal constitutional court judges deals constitutional disputes federal governments states high federal departments controversies involving validity federal legislation constitutional complaints private citizens violation basic rights court important authority political parties power declare party unconstitutional purpose impair democratic order jeopardize existence federal republic court struck abortion law violation constitutionally protected week italian constitutional court members upheld abortion legal pregnancy threatened woman health supreme court japan created part legal reforms imposed allied occupation general douglas macarthur war ii composed members appointed cabinet achieved high level visibility decisions touched major public issues exception decision upholding treaty providing stationing troops japan court held nation election procedures unconstitutional ground failed provide equal representation voters refused declare election invalid citing damage public interest ruling indian supreme court members appointed regional high courts prime minister cabinet original jurisdiction disputes states claims infringement constitutionally protected fundamental rights broad appellate jurisdiction
controversies arisen areas open public permissible arenas demonstrations justice goldberg case hold street meeting middle times square rush hour federal laws forbidding picketing courthouses intent influencing pending trials interfering school sessions making noise grounds adjacent school making political speeches distributing partisan campaign literature military reservations demonstrating jail property protest segregated treatment prisoners barred supreme court improper free speech rights hand court ruled group blacks violated law standing peacefully public library protest policy segregation picketing permitted white house forbidden capital hill supreme court struck longstanding congressional ban court upheld jehovah witnesses distribute religious literature company owned town alabama present demonstrators constitutional access shopping centers technically private property states statutes defining punishing misdemeanors crimes breach peace disorderly conduct inciting riot speech direct incitement breach peace group assembled hear speakers communicate ideas demonstrating picketing easily develop disturbance public tranquility law enforcement officers courts continually required balance claims free speech claims law order
problem addressed recent welfare debate complications inequalities federalism extraordinary differential high benefit states massachusetts york michigan california poorer cousins continued welfare migration permitted comprehensive programs prefer uniform rate payments things redistribute nation income western northern states southern states case inequality treatment inevitable welfare system federal system purely federal administrative decentralization complicates system point incomprehensible united states enters decades twentieth century welfare policy governmental policy poses question kind society americans want means simple matter choosing welfare laissez faire capitalism individual free thrive wither look welfare arrangements industrial states shows extraordinary variations expenditures typical welfare programs percentage gross national product gnp american age survivors disability insurance level japan economically successful country social security expenditures similarly strong economies west germany netherlands sweden britain figure held exaggerated actually turns expenditures close american levels public health expenditures united states countries canada sweden
power money congress tries maintain control foreign policy noticeable areas require highly specialized information issues involved grasped easily happens annually congressional discussions foreign aid traditional formal informal practices logrolling play classical congressional approach foreign aid oppose aid greece yield issue turkey cut partisans massive aid india concessions aid pakistan crucial decisions affecting national security survival involving expenditures billions dollars congress generally relied testimony experts past sought assert independence slashing specific defense expenditures stretching development production costly weapons systems longer period critical situation developed johnson nixon southeast asia congress felt give president complete discretion actions involved deployment armed forces abroad recently congress balked exclusive presidential control military foreign affairs despite commitment million expenditure billion vietnam war united states failed achieve military solution conflict failure greatly weakened confidence americans military establishment erosion confidence reflected congress late congress scrutinized closely size military establishment increasingly examined charges waste military
rationale organization un imperfections stated succinctly secretary kissinger bicentennial essay longer amenable national solutions economic interdependence common global challenges american experience escape dominate longer impose solutions action inaction influence events decisively create cooperative beneficial international order sovereign nation states jealously guarding national interests continual anarchy war constant effort required levels avoid war meet global challenges population growth food supply energy crisis united states contribute goal partly national policies bilateral agreements major part effort accomplished multilateral level regional international conferences organizations organization american states oas un idealistic element foreign policy gloss policy national interest times substance policy carter administration championing human rights shrouded criticism controversy human rights policy turn president carter impressive achievements early interagency group human rights foreign assistance set screen foreign aid projects handled fifteen agencies bureau human rights humanitarian affairs monitors department policies countries involved
power found human relationships concerned power affect hold government office government behave leaves important things account corporation closes factory small town major employer power ways affect deeply lives university refuses admit student medical society refuses license physician power explain things happen tantamount explaining society particulars operates limit view government chiefly american federal government repeatedly pay special attention things thought private matters public manage objects governmental action chapter begin discussion policy making look closely issues governmental agenda striking transformations american politics extent recent decades aspect human found governmental agenda twenty ago federal government displayed interest factory closing doors university refusing applicant profession member governmental actions affect things persons exercise political power authority authority mean power exercise rightful power authority ordinarily easier exercise power supported persuasive claim
customary textbooks distinguish forms government unitary federal confederal claim united states instance federal form terms describe places political sovereignty located sovereignty means supreme ultimate political authority sovereign government legally politically independent government unitary regime sovereignty wholly hands national government states localities completely dependent confederal regime states sovereign national government allowed states permit federal regime sovereignty shared matters national government supreme states supreme definitions neat systematic correspond intentions founders realities american politics founders philadelphia convention later federalist papers precise distinctions kinds governments evidence took confederal federal mean thing establish government clear systematic division sovereign authority national governments created government combined characteristics unitary regime confederal text conventional definitions distinctions federal regime defined simplest terms local units government specially protected existence final decisions governmental activities
growing importance federal laws regulations court orders shaping conduct local affairs mean wholly centralized nation remains political policy diversity united states likely find large industrialized nation reason local governments retained constitutional protections members congress continue think chiefly representatives localities washington representatives washington localities chapter american politics national level remains local orientation true congressmen pass laws create problems stimulate complaints mayors governors reason congressmen represent constituencies localities congressmen los feel washington look los think los collection businessmen homeowners taxpayers think los group blacks hispanics nature lovers washington simply money los representatives voted washington began sending mandates restrictions los vote opposite sides voted los constituents preferred reason organizational forms linked congressmen local political organizations eroded chapter political parties allowed localities speak single voice washington decayed point congressmen operate individuals free judge local needs national moods fit
party system created jacksonian period truly national system democrats followers jackson whigs opponents jackson fairly evenly balanced regions withstand deep split opinion created agitation slavery parties tried naturally straddle issue wanted divide followers lose election rival slavery sectionalism issues straddled parties divided parties emerged modern republican party democratic republican party thomas jefferson began party result civil war major party party gain major party status dominate national politics occasional interruptions quarters century republican control white house lesser extent congress large measure result events gave republicans marked advantage competition loyalties voters civil war bitter searing crisis deeply polarized popular attitudes supported union side generations republicans supported confederacy opposed war democrats turned partisan division nearly republicans won presidency senate lost control house northern democrats event presidential candidacy william jennings bryan democrat alienated voters populous northeastern states attracting voters south midwest
kinds elections united states general primary general election fill elective office primary election intended select party candidates elective office fact vote primary election consider party members primaries closed declare advance weeks registered member political party primary wish vote forty states closed primaries primaries open decide enter voting booth election party primary wish participate party primary ballot vote michigan minnesota montana north dakota utah vermont wisconsin open primaries variant open primary blanket free love primary voting booth mark ballot candidates nomination parties help select democratic candidate office republican candidate alaska washington blanket primaries differences kinds primaries exaggerated closed primary create barrier voter wishes vote democratic primary election republican states runoff primary candidate majority votes runoff primaries common south special kind primary pick delegates presidential nominating conventions major parties presidential primaries bewildering variety simplified list kinds presidential primaries look
hired nixon reelection organization broke headquarters democratic national committee watergate office building caught alert security guard investigation break gathered momentum election led disclosure dubious illegal campaign finance practices stimulated public demands reform campaign finance reform law response things set limit amount individual contribute single candidate federal election primary general outlawed cash contributions excess ensure checks written source funds easily traced prohibited foreign contributions supreme court upheld restrictions test case campaign funds organizations interest groups recently illegal corporations labor unions contribute money directly political campaigns law easy circumvent corporation executives give money individuals covertly reimbursed companies corporate money laundered sending abroad labor unions set political action committees raise money members campaign purposes interest groups tangible ideological interest policy unlimited contributions investigations campaign led indictment twenty individuals fourteen corporations making illegal campaign contributions nixon campaign campaigns democratic candidates hubert humphrey edmund muskie henry jackson indicted found guilty
congress single organization vast complex collection organizations business congress carried congressmen form alliances look inside british house commons find kind organization importance political parties party organization important united states congress important units fact organizations grown number influence party declined democrats republicans house representatives senate organized party leaders key leaders turn elected full party membership house senate description follows confined essential positions majority party republicans chooses members person greatest seniority president pro senate largely honorific position required constitution senate presiding officer absence vice president united states according constitution president senate fact presiding senate tedious chore vice president president pro tem relishes assigned junior senator real leadership hands majority leader chosen senators majority party minority leader chosen senators party addition senators party elect whip principal task majority leader schedule business senate consultation minority leader majority leader recognized floor debate
allotted constitution electoral votes senators representatives congress fewer electoral votes district columbia members congress party runs slate electors pledged party presidential vice presidential candidates names electors ballots slate candidate wins popular votes authorized cast votes electoral college results winner effect legislatures decide electors chosen devise systems produce split states electoral votes michigan maine allowing electors chosen congressional district large split electoral vote resulted michigan republican candidate carried districts democratic carried maine republican carried congressional districts winning slates electors assemble capitals weeks election cast ballots ordinarily pure formality occasionally elector vote presidential candidate carried faithless electors appeared elections recent case washington elector pledged gerald ford voted ronald reagan electoral ballots opened counted joint session congress week january candidate majority votes declared elected
object convert personal popularity congressional support improved chances reelection obvious course congress care president popularity saw chapter congressmen secure seats need fear party bosses deny renomination president ordinarily provide credible electoral rewards penalties congressmen president roosevelt working defeat congressional elections attempted purge congressmen opposed program failed presidential support help congressman representatives win reelection anyway trouble rarely saved presidential intervention scholars thought congressional candidates benefit president coattails ride office strength popularity president party true seen table winning president find party strength congress increases reasons doubt pattern observed table result presidential coattails thing exceptions eisenhower won percent vote republicans lost seats house senate kennedy won democrats lost seats house gained senate nixon reelected largest majorities history republicans lost seats senate careful studies voter attitudes presidential congressional candidates fare districts suggest influence coattails effect declined recent small today
addition arguments lawyers sides case written briefs oral arguments offered friends court interested party directly involved suit allan bakke complained victim reverse discrimination denied admission university california medical school fifty briefs filed supporting opposing position briefs filed parties agree court grant permission documents kind polite lobbying court offer arguments generally declaration interests side aclu naacp afl cio united states government leading sources briefs briefs source influence justices views legal periodicals harvard law review yale law journal frequently consulted citations court decisions lawyers law professors help shape supply arguments conclusions justices justices retire conference room friday complete secrecy debate cases heard chief justice speaks justices order seniority arguments vote traditionally reverse order seniority newest justice votes chief justice process able chief justice exercise considerable influence guiding limiting debate setting issues handling temperamental personalities colleagues
occupational safety health act passed business regulation dominated interest group politics labor unions wanted strict bill tough standards set single administrator business organizations wanted flexible bill standards set commission include representatives business struggle labor won occupational safety health administration osha headed single administrator created part department labor conflict end passage law administrator began formulate safety health standards workplaces preside protracted disputes labor industry standards effective reasonable economical disputes later carried federal courts scholars disagree regulatory politics interest group client oriented major dispute existed origins interstate commerce act law created major federal regulatory agency interstate commerce commission icc charged applying rules interstate railroads later interstate barges trucks pipelines view regulation result conflict interests groups farmers shipping produce market won interests railroads charging exorbitant prices carry farm produce view commerce act result client politics railroads helped create commission designed regulate protect details legislation complex evidence produced historians sides issue voluminous summary issues
president sole source budget proposal congress received passed congressional committees let committees recommend money congress authorize result budget government spent sum expenditures recommended committee appropriated congress president budget provided guidance committees added subtracted total president recommended program effort stay budget ceiling chance congress money program recommended committee add recommended short budget process adding subtotals choosing subtotals order meet budget ceiling conform set priorities congressional budget act changed president submits budget january budget committees house senate study president package obtain analysis congressional budget office committee submits house congress budget resolution proposes total budget ceiling ceiling spending areas health defense congress adopts modifications budget resolutions intending targets guide legislative committee decides spent area summer congress takes specific appropriations bills informing members goes spending proposed bills conform budget resolution
costs benefits proposed course action seen widely distributed broad groups stand gain lose roughly seen examples age survivors insurance provided social security act medical benefits offered medicare act fair business competition requirements sherman antitrust act federal trade commission act general foreign policy posture united states internationalist isolationist decisions war war features policy contribute price stability reasonably full employment size shape defense expenditures policies greatly substance common fact similar political instructions actors tend play leading roles matters listed highly visible affect country discernible public opinion opinion specific polls showed majority americans wanted social security medicare acts ultimately provided opinion details policy makers nation inclines internationalism anticommunism isolationism indifference opinion want things turn inconsistent want stable prices full employment high levels government spending policy makers aware public opinion exist lacking detail consistency politician peril
easy overestimate underestimate bureaucratic power bureaucracy government large organizations appointed career officials influential law confers officials wide discretion freedom choose alternative courses action broad discretion exists area weapons military enforcement civil rights laws making foreign policy regulation business enterprise discretionary authority inevitable congress write law precise specifications fighter planes air force buy set exact rates railroads charge classes freight discretion result congress unwilling choices fact congress fairly precisely penalties imposed convicted criminals leave matter entirely prosecutors judges parole board members clarify ambiguous laws governing methods school desegregation tried things found congressional opinion matters divided willy choice left judicial administrative officials bureaucrats power task statute exact language case area social security laws tell administrator exactly money classes persons bureaucratic discretion similarly narrow comes providing benefits veterans farmers say agencies working areas bureaucratic problems red tape delays
concern rights conflicts rights preferred affect politics profoundly fact decisions influenced opinions rights decisions influenced opinions generally political system fragmented individualized atomized result collective assertion rights sway ideas political parties strong congressional leadership centralized part nineteenth early part twentieth centuries access decision making process washington difficult number ideas stood chance adoption small proposals command leadership support easily adopted powerful organizations say organizations say yes today institutions fragmented disarray individual congressmen important congressional leadership political parties longer control nominations office media candidates direct access voters campaign finance laws restricted eliminated influence interest groups wield controlling money resources forming issue oriented lobbying groups easier today thanks capability computers direct mail advertising idea based institutions affect policy widespread enthusiasm idea especially political elites public large programs formulated adopted speed happened society legislation lyndon johnson proposed
european appetites whetted foot loose marco polo italian adventurer returned europe stay nearly twenty china later war prisoner dictated classic account travels regarded indirect discoverer book descriptions rose tinted pearls golden stimulated european desires cheaper route treasures indies urge find shortcut waterway eastern asia strong success awaited horizons facilities fortunately renaissance dawned century shot hopeful rays light mists middle ages maps reduced superstitious fears unknown mariner compass possibly borrowed arabs eliminated uncertainties navigation printing presses introduced facilitated spread scientific knowledge atmosphere rebirth accompanied renaissance created healthy spirit optimism reliance kings gradually subordinated nobles modern national emerged western europe feudalism middle ages type government unity power resources shoulder formidable tasks discovery conquest colonization nations unite flourish colonial empire builders portugal spain england france netherlands countries achieve unity century notably germany italy left crumbs dropped early
government france canada finally fell direct control king commercial companies faltered failed royal regime completely autocratic popularly elected assemblies english colonies trial jury merely decision magistrate feudalism dying europe picturesque trappings transplanted france noteworthy huge feudal estates fronting river highways medieval customs including annual dues lord chickens produce peasants habitants serfs autocracy established wilderness unlike regime english colonies ideal military defense insured unity purpose speed action precision movement maximum concentration meager resources population catholic france grew painful slowness late whites wintry blasts appeal peasants sunny france stubborn soil uninviting protestant huguenots allowed refuge raw colony driven homeland termination edict added thrifty industrious element doubt caused internal friction officials france unable recruit dribble immigrants tried success stimulate birthrate bachelors subjected heavy restrictions fathers unmarried daughters sixteen fined small number chaperoned king girls imported married whirlwind docks things considered importance france secondary france scattered french islands caribbean rich sugar rum comprised profitable enterprise snow wilderness northern colony
conditions aided americans fighting defensively odds things considered favoring defender agriculture colonies mainly sustaining kind robinson crusoe island colonial buckskins tough outshone british pointed aimed muskets competent american rifleman hit head yards meters addition americans enjoyed moral advantage belief historical odds impossible peoples triumphed face greater obstacles greeks persians swiss austrians dutch spaniards american rebels badly organized war earliest days fatally lacking unity nation lurched forward uncertainly uncoordinated centipede continental congress directed conflict debating society grew struggle dragged congress english gallows appointed disorganized colonials fought entire war adopting written constitution articles confederation jealousy raised hideous head individual states proudly regarding sovereign resented attempts congress exercise weak powers sectional jealousy boiled appointment military leaders distrustful englanders preferred british officers americans sections economic difficulties nigh insuperable metallic money heavily drained cautious continental congress unwilling raise anew explosive issue taxation forced print continental paper money profusely currency poured presses depreciated expression current worth continental
czar alexander russia late unexpectedly proposed mediation anglo saxon cousins hard pressed napoleon invading grand army wish british ally strength america czar feeler immediately set machinery motion brought american peacemakers quaint city ghent belgium bickering group headed early rising puritanical john quincy adams son john adams deplored late hour card playing high living colleague henry clay britain envoys instructed sweeping demands position bolstered knowledge majesty forces occupied eastern portion maine held fort niagara britain red allies loosely controlled vast region lakes mississippi british negotiators felt justified demanding neutralized indian buffer general area thrust canada united states deprive american pioneers immense field future expansion british diplomats insisted control lakes forestall future invasion canada defense canada mind demanded substantial part conquered maine coveted territory military road halifax quebec employed months st lawrence river ice locked demands london harsh line british military successes past prospective american negotiators flatly rejected proposed terms waiting hear secretary magic atmosphere ghent changed
unluckily clay webster schemes soon hit fatal snag term fairly started harrison pneumonia wearied official functions plagued office seekers warrior died weeks white house shortest administration american history longest inaugural address tyler part whig ticket hitherto rhyme claimed spotlight manner nation find presidential chair feet meters tall slender blue eyed fair haired classical features high forehead tyler virginia gentleman school gracious kindly stubbornly attached principle earlier resigned united states senate unnecessarily accept distasteful instructions virginia legislature lone wolf forsaken jacksonian democratic fold whigs largely stomach dictatorial tactics jackson tyler enemies accused democrat whig clothing charge partially true whig party catchall accidental president belonged minority wing embraced number jeffersonian states righters tyler fact put ticket partly attract vote influential group southern gentry tyler high minded consented run ticket dominant clay webster group published platform alert politician knew platform contained virtually major issue obstinate virginian odds majority whig party pro bank pro protective tariff pro internal improvements
revolutionary advances manufacturing transportation brought increased prosperity americans widened gulf rich poor millionaires rare early days republic eve civil war specimens colossal financial success strutting national stage spectacular case fur trader real estate speculator john jacob astor left estate million death cities bred greatest extremes economic inequality unskilled workers fared worst floating mass drifters buffeted town town shifting prospects menial jobs wandering workers accounted times half population brawling industrial centers numbers large left homely fruits transient labor largely forgotten women american history myths social mobility grew buried memories luckless laborers mobility exist industrializing america proportions legend portrays rags riches success stories america dynamic society wide open spaces undoubtedly provided opportunity contemporary countries millions immigrants packed bags headed shores rising tide lifts boats improvement standards living real wages unskilled workers labor hungry america rose percent general prosperity helped defuse potential class conflict exploded explode european countries
plight federal forts partially overshadowed political squabbles seceding states left seized united states arsenals public property borders lincoln took office significant forts south flew stars stripes important pair square walled fort sumter charleston harbor fewer ominously choices presented lincoln fort sumter bad stronghold provisions weeks middle april supplies forthcoming commander surrender firing shot lincoln understandably feel weak kneed course squared obligation protect federal property reinforcements south carolinians undoubtedly fight tolerate federal fort blocking mouth important atlantic seaport agonizing indecision lincoln adopted middle road solution notified south carolinians expedition provision garrison reinforce southern eyes provision spelled reinforcement union naval force started fort sumter move south regarded act aggression april cannon carolinians opened fire fort crowds charleston applauded waved handkerchiefs thirty hour bombardment took dazed garrison surrendered firing fort electrified north responded cries remember fort sumter save union hitherto countless northerners saying southern states wanted pinned rest nation bayonets
topics triggered intellectual warfare dark bloody ground reconstruction period provoked questions sectional racial constitutional felt deeply remain deeply divided today scholarly argument goes conspicuously columbia university historian william reconstruction political economic influenced turn century spirit sectional reconciliation current theories black racial inferiority sympathizing white south wrote reconstruction kind national disgrace foisted prostrate region vindictive seeking radical republican politicians south wronged north seceding north wronged south reconstructing persuasive view held sway reinforced widespread suspicion civil war tragic unnecessary blunder black historian du bois black reconstruction represented virtually attack school war ii war developments american culture encouraged examination approach spread egalitarian attitude racial questions especially black agitation factor growing conviction ideals counted deal controversy historians showed interest real problems black freedmen admiration helpful radical republicans genuine idealists seeking politicians sympathy beaten defiant white south kenneth stampp era reconstruction summarizes newer views continue spark debate
healthy mercy impoverished farmers especially middle west began wonder nation escaped slavery power fall hands money power represented railroad plutocracy american quick respond political injustice slow combat economic injustice dedicated free enterprise principle competition soul trade cherished traditionally keen pride progress remembered jefferson ideals hostile governmental interference business shimmered american dream hope catch catch economic system millionaire depression finally goaded embattled farmers protesting bankruptcy pressure organized agrarian groups grange patrons husbandry midwestern legislatures attempted regulate railroad monopoly scattered efforts screeching halt supreme court famed wabash case decreed individual states power regulate interstate commerce mechanical monster washington government job easygoing president cleveland look kindly effective regulation congress grumbling opposition passed interstate commerce act prohibited rebates pools required railroads openly publish rates forbade unfair discrimination shippers outlawed charging short haul line important set interstate commerce commission enforce administer legislation despite acclaim interstate commerce act emphatically represent popular victory corporate wealth
disagreement marks historical appraisals american emergence power turn century hand historians praised maturing republic able place arbiters destinies hand writers tried define america role distinctive terms argue united states enter power game player introduced style diplomatic play set rules judgments clash alleged innovations older school thought stresses idealism america brought arena recently left revisionists charged america contribution international serving notion informal empire typified worldwide open door doctrine strategy shunned formal territorial possession sought economic dominance foreign raw materials markets investments historians disagree motivating impulses american diplomacy recent revisionists tended exclusively emphasize domestic economic factors explaining american foreign policy united states sought foreign markets argument goes solve problems domestic overproduction recurring business depressions scholars respond international politics properly understood international context argue theodore roosevelt acted narrow domestic reasons realistically perceived united states hold powers soon risk pushed hemisphere despite monroe doctrine
fretful farmers generally neglected pro business republican regimes democratic congress momentum left provide relief federal farm loan act credit farmers low rates interest reform demanded populists notable attempts rural relief warehouse act authorized loans security staple crops scheme laws provided aid constructing highways establishing agricultural extension colleges laboring benefited clayton act received additional aid wave progressive reform continued foam forward common sailors treated extreme brutality cat tail days onward welcome relief la seaman act sponsored fighting bob la wisconsin required decent wages treatment food helping mariners law hurt merchant marine standards pushed high american shipping suffered competition low paying tramp steamers enlightened social reforms signed wilson busy pen notable workingmen compensation act granted assistance federal civil service employees periods disability wilson approved act restricting child labor products flowing interstate commerce badly needed safeguard struck standpat supreme court invasion states rights gratifying progress finally deal railroad workers numbering million sidetracked imminent strike railways threatened crippling nationwide tie consequent blow administration belated attempts launch defense program
regarded quickly army problem navy nation major conflicts confronted tasks raise army fight war emergency exception citizens outset dream sending mighty force france fighting america navy uphold freedom seas continue ship war materials allies supply loans finally totaled nearly billion april european associates laid cards table confessed scraping bottom money chests ominously manpower barrels huge american army raised trained transported western front collapse kind token force european morale command american expeditionary forces entrusted efficient stubborn general john black jack pershing chased villa mexico fourth july led tiny ill trained force khaki clad americans streets paris amid frenzied cries vive pershing close subordinates touching debt france theme proclaimed lafayette ill prepared yanks coming slowly october nearly months congress formally declared hostilities small detachments american troops battle action war ran current quip fight thirsty theodore roosevelt dreaming rough rider days despite nearly sixty eager raise volunteer division france
united states deeply immersed vietnam quagmire explanations proposed appraising vietnam context cold war containment policy portrays southeast asian war simply instance american response menace communist monolith united states refused resist enemy vietnam nations lost faith america ultimately united states fighting pacific beaches worldwide cycle communist aggression encouraged hitler encouraged munich explanation question communist thrust american foreign policy holds vietnam mistaken application policy known argument goes french war colonial seeking throw overboard western control precisely american policy makers clearly explained explanation left revisionist view maintains vietnam involvement logical fatal consequence imperialistic foreign policy view america feels resist left leaning challenges existing order order preserve capitalist system significantly interpretation bears resemblance official defense american policy left proponents reverse official judgment holding american capitalism worth preserving
nightmarish nuclear arms race soviet union continued jitters especially limitations intercontinental ballistic missiles embodied salt agreements signed president nixon due expire late carter february publicly called renewing salt accords extending include real reductions nuclear armaments limitations growth soviets gave proposals frosty reception sides agreed honor salt treaty formally expired shuddered hoping salvation horror nuclear holocaust carter luck treaties designed turn panama complete ownership control panama canal bloody yankee home riots erupted isthmus presidents johnson nixon ford carter favored releasing panama yoke century imperialism dating theodore roosevelt conservatives bitterly opposed relinquishing control canal ronald reagan rode campaign trail declaring bought paid going treaties insuring continuing neutrality canal handing ownership end century squeaked senate vote spare thirds majority united states partial amends theodore roosevelt big stick tactics dawn century camp david woodsy presidential retreat maryland mountains provided scene carter spectacular foreign policy achievement august relations egypt israel deteriorated misery drenched middle east imminent
york art capital war ii heeled americans supported large number painters sculptors ford foundation major patron arts federal government creation tax supported national foundation arts open tradition free american environment especially congenial experimental mood modern art jackson pollock pioneered abstract expressionism flinging paint huge canvases stretched studio floor realistic representation window artists pollock de strove create action paintings expressed painter individuality viewer creative participant defining painting meaning pop artists notably andy warhol depicted items consumer culture soup cans robert elaborate collages objects cardboard boxes newspaper clippings claes oldenburg tried stun viewers visual awareness unfamiliar versions familiar objects giant plastic sculptures pillow soft telephones architecture benefited building boom post war era master frank lloyd wright produced strikingly original designs round walled guggenheim museum york louis kahn employed stark geometric forms basic building materials brick concrete beautiful simple buildings son finnish immigrant contributed number imaginative structures including yale university residential colleges evoked atmosphere italian hill town atlanta architect john designed huge building complexes detroit renaissance center suggested midst crowded cities american spirit surged vitality nation headed decade century grave problems plagued republic
extent mayflower compact influence debatable certainly constitution declaration independence note references king temporary expedient trouble makers line twenty signers survived months ashore acted freemen voters governing body colony governor carver died elected william bradford governor re elected fewer thirty times freemen admitted franchise individually sparingly boys grew newcomers proved cooperative hired servants wished remain colony terms service expired freemen elected annually number governor secretary assistants met general court assembly passed laws acted supreme judicial court colony begun spread set representative system general court adopted body laws called general fundamentals included bill rights compact bottom evidence records read aloud assembly met william hubbard early england historian knew pilgrim fathers confirms view compact ecclesiastical history written prior compact combination calls adopted missing place destination intended meant temporary pending royal charter hubbard adds significantly plymouth pretend governed exclusively laws considered bound common law england
concluded length judges merit buy works personally known frequently heard repeated poor richard says end gave satisfaction showed instructions regarded discovered likewise respect authority encourage practice remembering repeating wise sentences quoted gravity judge gratified incident going relate horse lately number collected merchant goods hour sale conversing badness times company call plain clean white locks pray father abraham think times won heavy taxes ruin country able pay advise father abraham stood reply advice give short word wise words won fill bushel poor richard says join desiring speak mind gathering round proceeded follows friends says neighbours taxes heavy laid government pay easily discharge grievous taxed idleness times pride times folly taxes commissioners ease deliver allowing abatement
address read franklin moved gouverneur morris planned convention vote approve constitution unanimous consent states present form adopted allow delegates refused personal approval sign names debate convention voting states adopted franklin motion unanimously delegates present withheld signatures convention proceedings secret nature franklin speech respect accorded early disclosure remarks october william lewis ardent philadelphia federalist paraphrase speech thomas jefferson paris intending shown franklin friends later month nathaniel gorham massachusetts delegate asked copy print boston newspapers exceedingly calculated correct positive attachment apt ideas temper prevents war bloodshed idea weight influence england believe america franklin readily copy speech observing hitherto refused permit publication judgement weighs scruples december speech minus candid remarks disagreements constitutional convention began appearing newspapers boston wonderful effect hotly contested election delegates convention
impressions undertook arduous trust explained proper occasion discharge trust say intentions contributed organization administration government exertions fallible judgment capable unconscious outset inferiority qualifications experience eyes eyes strengthened motives diffidence increasing weight shade retirement welcome satisfied circumstances peculiar services temporary consolation believe choice prudence invite quit political scene patriotism forbid looking forward moment intended terminate career political feelings permit suspend deep acknowledgment debt gratitude owe beloved country honors conferred steadfast confidence supported opportunities enjoyed manifesting inviolable attachment services faithful usefulness unequal zeal benefits resulted country services let remembered praise instructive annals circumstances passions agitated direction liable mislead amidst appearances dubious vicissitudes fortune discouraging situations unfrequently want success spirit criticism constancy support essential prop efforts guaranty plans effected
power congress create course continue bank subject preceding part opinion longer considered questionable power taxing states exercised destroy obvious denied taxation absolute power acknowledges limits expressly prescribed constitution sovereign power description trusted discretion argument part maryland states directly resist law congress exercise acknowledged powers constitution leaves confidence abuse power tax involves power destroy power destroy defeat render useless power create plain repugnance conferring government power control constitutional measures respect measures declared supreme exerts control propositions denied inconsistencies reconciled magic word confidence taxation necessarily unavoidably destroy carry excess destruction abuse presume banish confidence essential government case confidence trust power control insignificant operations government
crusade garrison helped launch lasted thirteenth amendment finally abolished slavery liberator discontinued intervening abolitionists proved organizers leaders strategists garrison match agitator penned manifesto stirring appeared issue liberator abolitionist document remembered garrison severe indictment slavery calculated win converts slaveholders south meant appearance liberator organization northern abolitionist movement represented abandonment hope slaveholders voluntarily accept program gradual emancipation slavery flourishing south spreading southwest masters tolerate criticism moderate peculiar institution garrison set emancipation south set garrison aim create massive moral indignation north isolate slaveholders slaveholder reproach northerners indifferent slavery slumbering lap moral death liberator appeared defense garrison kentucky abolitionist james expressed belief rude shake rouse nation contemplation danger garrison language harsh intention achieve goal violence abolitionists pacifist england antislavery society organized promised operate existing relations society peaceful lawful means violence garrison words
means daunted failure mrs stanton continued agitate marriage question arguments address judiciary committee repeated post civil war mrs stanton miss susan anthony published weekly periodical called revolution advocated reforms need rational divorce laws financial difficulties terminated venture women crisscrossed country arduous lecture tours mrs stanton popular addresses marriage divorce enlargement appeal york legislature women respond divorce speech declared suffrage shortly death submitted newspapers final plea tolerant attitude divorce states liberal divorce laws wrote women today canada fugitive days slavery nailing flag liberal divorce laws staff woman rights mrs stanton provoked bitter controversy disagreement issue played major part splitting feminist movement radical conservative factions period twenty mrs stanton waging campaign face highly determined counter movement led religious leaders trying divorce difficult strong conservative movement appeared changing economic social conditions favoring liberal attitude championed mrs stanton women acquired education vocational opportunities demanded marriage confident ability independent living longer endure unhappiness family affairs
appearing oath presidential office occasion extended address statement detail course pursued fitting proper expiration public declarations constantly called point phase contest absorbs attention energies nation presented progress arms chiefly depends known public trust reasonably satisfactory encouraging high hope future prediction regard ventured occasion ago thoughts anxiously directed impending civil war dreaded sought avert inaugural address delivered place devoted altogether saving union war insurgent agents city seeking destroy war seeking dissolve union divide effects negotiation parties war war let nation survive accept war let perish war eighth population colored slaves distributed generally union localized southern part slaves constituted peculiar powerful interest knew interest war strengthen perpetuate extend interest object insurgents rend union war government claimed restrict territorial enlargement
despite surface stagnation distinguishable stirring south existed uncertainty born confusion excesses reconstruction reluctance break ties traditions south timidity doubt attitudes rest nation region south henry grady wrote constitution native athens georgia graduate university georgia law student university virginia grady maturity rise postwar south reporting florida election dispute young journalist gained national attention scooped fellow reporters wired reports election board decisions constitution york herald ahead competitors charleston earthquake tidal wave gave grady opportunity attract widespread attention repeated editorials stories henry grady emphasized south promise critical failures frequently south iron marble coal deposits water timber resources reservoir cheap labor south term south original grady knows maybe southern soldiers turning appomattox saw heartbreak frustration kind beginning section grady views confirmed john north fortune helped organize york cotton exchange tennessee coal iron railroad company played part expanding louisville nashville railraod company organized local railroads southern railway system
architects land generation brought face face sun evolution integration social conditions special grouping results demand erection tall office buildings purpose discuss social conditions accept fact say design tall office building recognized confronted outset problem solved vital problem pressing true solution let conditions plainest manner briefly offices transaction business invention perfection high speed elevators vertical travel tedious painful easy comfortable development steel manufacture shown safe rigid economical constructions rising height continued growth population cities consequent congestion centers rise ground stimulate increase number stories successfully piled react ground values action reaction interaction form lofty construction called modern office building answer habitation point evidence materialistic exhibition force resolution brains keen sense word joint product speculator engineer builder problem impart sterile pile crude harsh brutal stark staring exclamation eternal strife higher forms sensibility culture rest lower fiercer passions
progressive era war period rapid readjustment american attitudes leadership theodore roosevelt woodrow wilson senator robert la governor hiram johnson host influenced writings lincoln steffens ida tarbell ray stannard baker novels winston churchill upton sinclair william allen white millions middle class citizens convinced unlimited freedom individual amass wealth wield immense political power threat continuation american democracy counteract private power scale unheard united states progressive minded citizens supported expansion governmental power curb misuse private power famous editor gazette longer believed ideas gospel wealth expressed matter kansas ideas survived progressive era occupied prominent place decade certainly calvin coolidge epitomized political thinking prosperous twenties found gospel wealth congenial large majority citizens supported economic depression shook faith majority doctrine strictly limited governmental power despite social political era deal americans continued deep abiding faith ideas gospel wealth contempt social legislation legislation opinion transports thirties ease creditors offers chance
slum civilization civilization implies race ahead race thrust fellows fall left rear lose hope ambition give thenceforward left resources victims masters environment bad master drag farther bad environment heredity generation crowd slum ready battle slum began civilization recognized enemy losing fight conscience joined forces fear interest common sense golden rule obtain rule practice classed plainly seen belong justice individual accepted theory safe groundwork commonwealth practised dealing slum shortly slum need wait millennium rid required left justice grievous ailment help drowning thing pull water afterward talking dealing social problems wise decided let bad unsafe interfere operate survivor put
february depression winter american history began draw close looked forward expectantly event hoped bring nation fortunes awaited inauguration march democratic president franklin roosevelt president elect planned inaugural address economic machinery slowing standstill quarter wage earners unable find support families quarter unemployed receiving paltry relief funds fourth farmers losing lost farms remainder populace located country cities incomes appallingly inadequate economic indicator pointed disaster grain prices lowest reign queen elizabeth steel production industry slid capacity thousand banks succumbed strain depression february banks begun close alarming rate michigan governors proclaimed banking holidays drastic restrictions banking activities waited incredibly disorder dream docility american crushing burden times william allen white inquired january don smash windows don answer white query waiting roosevelt administration bring offer docility give violence seasoned senator remarked privately closer revolution lives
western presumed supremacy trial boasting big talk leave asia cold women russia china middle east conscious potential strength coming decisions future lie hands intend decisions leave peoples nation free foreign domination free economic social spiritual growth economic freedom important political freedom access peoples produce won products turn chance reaching peace real development economic stability find method begin break unnecessary trade barriers hampering flow goods obviously sudden uncompromising abolition tariffs war result disaster obviously freedoms fighting freedom trade america standard living exceeds standard living rest genuinely alarmed prospect believe process lessen standard living reverse true reasons assigned amazing economic development united states abundance national resources freedom population undoubtedly contributed judgment greatest factor fact fortune created america largest area barriers exchange goods ideas
bill presenting known civil rights bill larger sense program recommending civil object open city hope races americans vote going give americans privileges citizenship regardless race going privileges citizenship regardless race caution remind exercise privileges takes legal requires trained mind healthy body requires decent home chance find job opportunity escape clutches poverty course contribute nation taught read write bodies stunted hunger sickness goes untended spent hopeless poverty drawing welfare check want open gates opportunity going give black white help need walk gates job college teacher texas small mexican american school speak english couldn speak spanish students poor class breakfast hungry knew youth pain prejudice disliked knew saw eyes walked home late afternoon classes finished wishing
regional divisions appalachia topographical main range called older appalachians extends maine georgia variety names actually single range chain mountain groups known names green mountains vermont mountains tennessee west older appalachians newer range extends southern york alabama spur range boasts variety local names cumberland mountains kentucky sand mountain alabama lookout mountain georgia known allegheny mountains alleghenies bolstered hundreds miles plateau areas lesser known portion appalachians consists cross ranges stand angles main ranges southern mountains cross ranges black mountains north carolina tallest peak east rockies mt mitchell ft appalachians formed impressive height length appalachians eroded remains geologists consider oldest tallest range north america ancient appalachian chain lay unbroken line newfoundland alabama extended farther southwest oklahoma main backbone extends maine georgia small extension alabama traces northern range found newfoundland prince edward island brunswick nova scotia expect mountains mississippi alabama border northeastern mississippi northwestern alabama scattered amid cotton lands southern appalachians seen foot ridges highway hamilton alabama mississippi highest mountain mt ft south highway
circumscribe territory give thing call choosing obviously term southern highlands allowed land native born residents region southern highlanders highland area native born inhabitants urban valley residence regard mountain writer friends living greater appalachian valley prosperous mountain city devoted interests refer conversation mountain folks times alluding mountain whites term coined term distinction meaning advocates mountaineer resented dwell highlands designated accomplished illustrious mountains history states recorded glory single appalachian commonwealth matter nomenclature easier residents appalachia proud call appalachians southern mountaineers southern highlanders typical mountain cabin contention crest encircling wreath mountain laurel underneath inscribed latin motto expressive loyalty pride mountain areas states sure large influential kindle worthy regional pride win respectful consideration area known merely district applied lies eastern western part
appalachia coal ground mountain novelist jesse stuart recent interview james brown widely respected student appalachian society says appalachia politically defined region making obvious reference portion united states presently considered appalachian appalachian regional commission obviously definitions odds definitions section follows present distinctly defined regions describing geopolitical social region called appalachia part ii paper presents inhabit area traditionally thought appalachian highland country ways threads independence spirit run close attention characteristics presented social studies observe change emphasis description final section addresses issue appalachian newly included portions region served appalachian regional commission specifically appalachian southeastern benefit ohio university research grant writer able survey significant portion rural population central ohio appalachian region styles personal family behavior patterns attitudes preferences findings compared frequently list appalachian personal characteristics created jack weller surprisingly albeit included appalachian region past appalachian weller characterization comparative findings presented explored case regional definitions based socioeconomic similarities based vivo vitro situation professor solon kimball expression
history migrations kentucky families original pioneer grandson grandmother remembered journey told suggestive history settlement mountain section kentucky ambrose clinch river virginia county kentucky country exceedingly rough found couple james priscilla davis living mouth defeated branch bought rights acres lands carr creek narrow fertile lovely valley virginia gathered wife children parents brothers law families slaves goodly company started kentucky going pound gap county crop summer autumn moved carr settled families parts purchase children ten fifteen household generation literally hundreds family region neighboring counties thousands descendants settlers unintentionally mountains kentucky purchase land supposed lay famed limestone region true william savage writing mentions case englishman yorkshire bought acres kentucky arrival found land barren situated rocky mountains removed settlers roads river vicinity totally unfit cultivation settling
appalachian civilian labor force grew million persons gain percent national labor force increased percent region estimated percent population percent total civilian labor force percent nation unemployed appalachian unemployment rate higher nation slightly lower recession worsened abruptly rising percent labor force surpassing national unemployment rate peak region unemployment rate diminished progressively low percent rose slightly hovered national rate number unemployed persons appalachian region estimated unemployment peaked fell progressively increased unemployment rates appalachian parts varied widely percent appalachian south carolina percent appalachian maryland differences apparent subregions southern appalachia alabama higher rate unemployment region average southern subregion continued unemployment rates regional average exception recession textile industry southern industries severely affected northern appalachia higher unemployment rates region nation recent difference marked early appalachian pennsylvania percent northern appalachia labor force unemployment rates average recent maryland highest rates joblessness appalachian part
prescription offered organizations national center urban ethnic affairs positive aspects neighborhood culture social structure basic development program policy urban neighborhoods respected formulation policies plans dislocation city working class appalachians disrupt indigenous social networks create round social problems costly society human economic terms cincinnati appalachians begun organize city neighborhood levels fight schools jobs housing conditions social services help programs city cultural educational centers established trend continues spreads cities vital step adaptation urban society ohio especially large numbers transplanted appalachians mountain capacity significant political force cultural revitalization movement requirement city appalachians order overcome barriers upward mobility rest urban poor face derive pictures status appalachian migrants papers volume says majority live suburbia enjoy gradual upward mobility employed skilled occupations alienated urban society increase income migration al morgan says migrants concentrate disproportionately low status areas central city discriminated established ethnic groups limited access schools jobs housing social services fowler high unemployment rates worse
conceivable especially region history political support republican party government subsidies community agencies regarded differently welfare assistance individuals families survey data indicative shifting benefits individual community institutions slightly reduced support accorded federal programs table respondents percent agreed general government significantly thought government percent thought questioned specific kinds government support enthusiasm respondents picked considerably seventy percent favor federal aid help local government provide services sixty percent expressed favor federal aid education question concerning federal aid local government intentionally loaded emphasize benefits effort identify size hard core group opposed federal grants subsidies question concerning federal aid education worded loading effect percent openly opposed aid local government percent opposed aid education remaining respondents cases unsure unwilling voice opinion overwhelming endorsement federal local institutions attributable failure perceive assistance threat independence reliance apparently asked think federal aid local areas makes considerably respondents thought percent thought percent
nearly respects including denomination affiliations leaders manifestly considered religious liberals standards region half percent leaders claimed believe infallibility scriptures opposed percent took modernist view bible contained human error interestingly smaller proportion ministers percent leaders percent professed criterion leaders considered fundamentalist general population respondents comparable socioeconomic status education respect acceptance puritan ethic fundamentalist average respondent considerably puritanical upper status college educated respondents percentages leaders general survey respondents rated drinking dancing wrong drinking dancing percent leaders compared percent general sample rated card playing wrong minister leaders conservative respect card playing general sample leaders respondents considerable weakening puritan morality increasing urbanization areas professed beliefs leaders closer middle classes upper status college educated respondents interpretations phenomenon suggest leaders likely respond ethical norms total community social class virtue wealth occupation education
colonialism explanation underdevelopment appalachia applied coal mining regions mountains helen lewis relying heavily robert analysis colonialism relation black americans informative research regard defines colonialism domination geographically external political unit inhabited race culture domination political economic colony exists subordinated dependent mother country admitting characteristics colonies apply appalachia lewis believes history region evidence support view major steps process identified occurred appalachia forced involuntary entry rapid modification culture social organization colonized control dominant group condition racism social domination colonized defined inferior rationalizes exploitation control oppression superordinate group space examine lewis evidence important questions remain research required answered colonial analogy gaining attention respectability known controls resources appalachia debate appalachian subculture model significance persons agencies concerned fighting conditions poverty mountains accepted view appalachia strategies change implies result maloney point focus rest society appalachian appalachian supposed defective system
according recently completed study natural hazards region term economic growth development appalachia materially affected natural hazards loss property number occasions caused severe short term problems case flooding surface subsidence areas coal mined impact hazards term development slight reason study recommends commission give priority policy encouraging development areas natural hazards unlikely occur recognizing process takes place arc need continue emphasize efforts hazard prone areas major conclusion study mandated congress study systematic inventory appalachian counties occurrences floods subsidence landslides tornadoes major natural hazards analysis showing occurrences affect basic process economic development growth appalachia covering irregularly shaped area square miles deal mountainous upland hilly terrain differs substantially surrounding land economic development rough terrain limited settlement development parts region stream valleys areas resources coal petroleum variety mineral rock products settlement stream valleys floodplains appalachia endangered region major natural hazard flooding general flash areas significant relief slope combination soil rock conditions especially connection human activities highly susceptible landslide hazard valley walls slipping valley floors mine subsidence common phenomenon appalachia generally coal mineral extraction left insufficient deposits support surface
ways minimize risks potential failure knowing failure avoided build cushions soften impact occur trying tried true pattern alongside case family hold shack case payments trailer re buying parents assure grown children return home impact failure dealt muted beliefs failure specific failures blamed forces control removing blame explain events religious terms god purposes plan intends profit tribulations explain mental retardation teenage girl pregnancy cite bad luck series bad breaks explain fire loss job accident car lifelong pattern consistent repeated disappointments harder accept explain term failure explained reference deprived childhood lack education interference external vague belief simply prone trouble say problems fault american economic structure casualties system individual operators system boss welfare worker judge neighbor blamed system perceive events difficulties happening direct result individual vulnerable situation actions
geographic regions classed formal nodal formal regions homogeneous uniform variables region contiguous grouping units characteristics surrounding areas regions formal regions defined physical social economic cultural characteristics combination characteristics depending purpose purposes definition based single characteristic method analysis delineation boundaries reasonably straightforward characteristics combined fashion problem boundary definition increases exponentially greater number variables define region greater problem border definition borders determined variables seldom coincide variable plotted independently spaghetti bowl overlapping borders emerges core heart region remains circumscribed borders regions small inadequate planning economic development service delivery logical consistent means defining boundaries needed territorial units rationally fitted deleted region delimited type region nodal functional region defined dynamic flows patterns movement hinterland node low high order nodes parts functional region heterogeneous character functions interrelated functional service area defined central place hinterland flows economic cargo commuter trips social students hospital patients political government informational phone calls newspapers president appalachian regional commission established john kennedy request governors concerned social physical problems mountainous appalachian portions states
chore traveling rt west weather favorable conditions road changed coal trucks travel slow speed traffic piles curves treacherous continued past twelve miles rt north surprisingly flatter land previously seen kentucky land scarred houses strip mines sight dimension tearing country area daniel boone parkway toll road constructed machines seen oneida institute located oneida kentucky clay county town post office general store local hangout oneida deep heart cumberland mountains twenty miles manchester school sits atop hill called mount history school told history founder told james anderson burns born mountain backwoods west virginia log cabin father hugh burns farmer days week preacher baptist churches saturdays sundays preach church weekend james burns deep interest learning house library consisted books bible thomas hymns pilgrims progress age fourteen james started perry field school school area half miles burn house james finished curriculum common schools age sixteen decided kentucky
later especially thirties forties fifties major took place appalachian including introduction hard surfaced roads automobiles televisions job opportunities cities theory dealing appalachian transition suggests increased interaction communication isolation turn autonomy rural society system began decreasing rapidly crucial indirect result availability jobs city weakening boundary maintenance mechanism rural social system causing increased reference group strengthening feelings deprivation economic increasingly widespread feelings deprivation increased outmigration produced interaction communication rural community stage transition initiated sustained availability jobs city produced mass exodus rural population feelings relative deprivation turn alienation reason remain hollows returned city directly indirectly number chapters book large amount research reported alienation fundamentalism closely related words fundamentalist religion persistent social institution appalachia holding matter fact claim appeared stronger fifties addition information presented number chapters book data collected primarily mining communities reported table provide evidence persistence sectarian fundamentalism
churches primarily concerned attaining perfection believe trinity original sin salvation christ infallibility divine nature scriptures blessings holy spirit including divine healing speaking tongues believing visible return christ precede reign thousand earth sacraments church holy communion lord supper commonly called baptism immersion common practice emphasis direct action holy spirit believers personal interaction spirit heart religion testament christ returned heaven holy spirit descended apostles mighty rushing wind celebration jewish acts seek recapture pentecostal experience individual sanctification belief common christian churches attained believer set free sin true handling splinter movement larger religion churches honor practice believe god confers powers believers divine healing speaking tongues drinking deadly poisons casting devils handling serpents serpent handlers speak power god holy ghost say pick serpents divine intervention bitten feeling varies person person numbness hands tingling calmness voice matter manifestation believers recognize facial expression handling serpents point trance induced strong intense emotions
microeconomics studies behavior small economic units traditionally households firms extent individual units government purposes economic analysis household group individuals pool incomes property common economic decisions jointly household ties individuals primarily affection kinship ties market assumed stop front door children pay parents spread peanut butter bread families hold auctions decide sleep bedroom social scientists kinds including economists written libraries full books articles goes inside household writings receive attention traditional microeconomics households enter marketplace major roles buyers goods services consumption sellers factors production factors basic inputs labor capital natural resources producing goods services labor includes productive contribution working minds muscles capital means productive inputs created including tools industrial equipment structures improvements land intangibles computer programs natural resources include productive input natural agricultural land building sites forests mineral deposits return labor capital natural resources sell households receive incomes spend consumers basic unit analysis business firm firms buy factors production households produce finished goods services sell firms shapes sizes small proprietorships owned operated single person giant corporations output payrolls exceed small nation
group transactions costs imposed taxes government regulations examine course book couple short illustrations order consider taxes capital gains capital gain income realized property sold price higher initially paid taxes capital gains represent transactions costs part seller proceeds exchange capital gains taxes reluctant exchange real estate stocks bonds works art result property move quickly hands markets property efficiently absence capital gains taxes consider regulations prohibiting production sale marijuana regulations entirely successful keeping buyers sellers enormously costly producers risks spend money evade detection costs passed users users find difficult impossible accurate information origin quality product buying gauge impact transactions costs compare market marijuana tobacco market completely unregulated efficient result tobacco users able purchase smoking material known high quality lower price users marijuana factors transactions costs market small factor interest economists structure property rights underlie market question
meant quantity demanded important understand quantity demanded means quantity buyers willing able buy price period month quantity demanded narrower concept broad notions want need want porsche saw sticker price price quantity demanded need corrective dental surgery avoid premature loss teeth poor unable pay person agency willing pay place need counted part quantity dental services demanded going price phrase things equal attached law demand reason change price product thing affects amount buy incomes likely buy goods prices goods tastes preferences change increase consumption goods decrease consumption stimulus change price factors change buying patterns price occur examine detail things equal condition law demand means prices goods assumed remain constant buyers respond change price economists put prices goods services relative prices goods services count
recent increasingly conscious costs benefits large economically active public sector sense grumbled taxes taxes invented nonetheless late citizens began grumble politicians paid lip service limiting burden government shock voters alabama arizona california hawaii idaho illinois massachusetts michigan missouri north dakota south dakota texas earliest imposed legal limits spending taxes presidential election resulted victory ronald reagan decided issue taxation government borrowing pay part government purchases paid taxes source controversy bills require federal government balance budget submitted congress passed financing government increasingly important part economics public sector exhibit breakdown kinds taxes federal local governments raise revenue federal side individual income taxes largest revenue raising items social security taxes contributions gained rapidly recent corporate income tax largest source federal revenue important revenue side local government budget federal budget local income taxes place percent revenues states income tax largest source tax revenue budgets sales tax
adding saving investment circular flow raises issue separate pathways funds flow households product markets direct path consumption expenditures indirect path saving financial markets investment expenditure paths entirely separate sets decision makers households making consumption decisions business managers making investment decisions types expenditures added sure match output goods services sure national income equal national product questions answered applying familiar concepts supply demand define aggregate nominal supply total dollar goods services produced economy term thing national product aggregate nominal supply national product names quantity define aggregate nominal demand total dollar purchases newly produced goods services buyers plan aggregate nominal supply aggregate nominal demand compared economy plans buyers mesh production activities sellers supply demand single market compared plans buyers sellers mesh numerical show aggregate supply compared aggregate demand imagine economy goods produced apples milling machines radios firms economy plans produce apples rate milling machines rate radios rate
goods services components consumption items produced actually pass marketplace consumers item estimate food produced consumed farms estimate rental owner occupied homes later chapter means nonmarket goods services captured national income accounts item called gross private domestic investment sum purchases newly produced capital goods fixed investment business inventories fixed investment includes equipment structures bought firms residential housing national income accounts home owning household treated small firm house bought counted investment saw product firm shelter services considered part consumption contribution government makes gnp federal local levels treated consumption goods factor services bought government considered moment purchased attempt measure added government outputs government education defense services police protection provided free sold public transfer payments included expenditure approach gnp represent purchases produced final goods services item gnp account net exports exports minus imports explained chapter imports subtracted calculation gnp avoid double counting goods bought consumers investors government produced domestic economy
end korean war eisenhower fiscal policy fairly restrictive recession arrived high employment surplus allowed dip actual deficit increased sharply large actual deficit offended image fiscal responsibility republicans era determined maintain fiscal policy soon tightened high employment surplus rose peak economy fell recession recession contributed john kennedy victory republican nominee richard nixon election kennedy won votes campaign pledge america moving path high employment budget surplus shows pledge government expenditures increased high employment surplus fell large tax cut kennedy proposed finally passed high employment budget moved deficit note actual budget surplus shows going period hovered balance period expansion economy raised revenues offset decline high employment surplus sum say fiscal policy watchers high employment surplus tells true story period eisenhower economists watched high employment surplus actual deficit avoided recession kennedy fiscal policy big tax cut virtually invisible terms actual budget high employment budget surplus indication direction discretionary fiscal policy perfect obvious measurement problems determining level employment high adjust interactions employment income prices interest rates
highest policy making body federal reserve system board governors board acts supervisor twelve federal reserve banks members appointed president confirmed senate governor serves single fourteen term term expiring president designates board members serve chairman term important body fed policy making federal open market committee composed members board governors district bank presidents president federal reserve bank york permanent member remaining seats rotate eleven district banks committee meets person times telephone frequently determine general strategy monetary policy decisions committee regarding fed security holdings carried open market trading desk federal reserve bank york commercial banks members federal reserve system national banks chartered directly federal government required members chartered banks members member banks enjoyed privileges free services fed return subject stricter regulation banks circumstances large banks members majority banks lack direct regulatory power banks especially regard reserve requirements complicated conduct monetary policy hoping aid fed efforts achieve monetary stability congress passed depository institutions deregulation monetary control act
reserves provided banking system open market operations known reserves fed loans banking system additional reserves known borrowed reserves facility fed supplies borrowed reserves referred banking circles discount window traditionally fed viewed borrowing discount window privilege borrowing permitted purposes detailed administrative guidelines reserve funds purpose correcting short run reserve deficiencies exceptional cases alleviating longer term liquidity problems troubled institutions institutions borrow discount window charged rate interest known discount rate increase discount rate things equal encourage borrowing discount window tend increase money supply fed ability affect volume borrowed reserves altering discount rate important instrument monetary control addition imposing explicit cost form discount rate banks borrow discount window fed impose significant implicit costs borrowers form administrative pressure institutions borrow longer periods fed thinks proper subjected increasingly strict surveillance stronger advice fed ability exercise administrative pressure excessive borrowers choice bank borrowing discount window private institutions federal funds market matter comparing discount rate federal funds rate lower making decision borrow source depending cheaper banks depository institutions tend gradually increase borrowing fed face increasing administrative pressure market forces push federal funds rate higher relation discount rate
economy underwent truly terrible business contraction official definition distinguish depression recession clearly difference worst post war ii recession lasted brought peak unemployment rate percent depression comparison lasted decade brought percent unemployment rate worst half century later depression incompletely understood concepts aggregate supply demand clearly happened happened exhibit shows course depression terms graphical framework theoretical discussions aggregate real supply demand horizontal axis shows real gnp measured billions dollars vertical axis shows price level measured terms gnp base numbered points connected line segments show real output price level peak pre depression prosperity economy began gearing war production phase depression marked extraordinary collapse aggregate demand aggregate nominal demand calculated point diagram multiplying real gnp price index dividing aggregate real demand curves drawn points aggregate real demand curve corresponds nominal gnp billion nominal gnp fallen billion shifting aggregate real demand curve left
ratio growth rate real output relative potential unemployment adding percentage point growth rate real output cut unemployment full percentage point major reasons hires layoffs labor markets exchanges market involve transactions costs firms hiring workers bear costs advertising applicants screening arrive workers fully productive completed period job training firms laying workers encounter transactions costs contracts call payments skilled workers jobs recalled employers records layoffs required law higher contributions federal unemployment insurance funds transactions costs firms tend hoard labor business downturns cutting workers hours finding laying workers temporary upswings find cheaper put workers overtime half wages trouble recruiting workers labor hoarding fully explain ratio law reason ratio lies unemployment rate calculated unemployment rate recalled ratio unemployed workers labor force business upswing firms creating jobs rapid rate previously unemployed workers find employment improved job market draws labor force workers previously looked
point phillips curve satisfies required condition consider point inflation rate percent unemployment rate fallen percent giving percent real growth rate percent inflation percent real growth sum percent short assumed percent growth rate nominal gnp consider point inflation rate percent unemployment fallen percentage points giving percent rate real growth adding rate inflation rate real growth tells point reached nominal gnp grew percent assumed percent short growth rate nominal output initial unemployment rate expected inflation rate combination inflation unemployment expected inflation rate determines position short run phillips curve blues reason proud economic record office stagnation standing start position dose demand management cut unemployment jumped growth rate real output percent cost percent inflation rate results encouraging blues repeat exactly policy maintain percent growth rate nominal gnp exhibit shows happen noticeable difference exhibit previous appearance short run phillips curve phillips curve shifts experiencing percent inflation firms workers expect continued percent inflation
aspect economic development greatest concern problem hunger hunger comes varying degrees undernourished suffer quantitative lack calories suffer malnutrition food insufficient protein nutrients energy requirements met leads actual starvation recent major problem countries south sahara africa india bangladesh sri lanka asia bolivia haiti el salvador americas list malnutrition widespread run effects devastating protein insufficiency diets young children breast feeding women especially dangerous retards brain development survive malnourished childhood likely suffer lethargy lack productive ability later traits required labor forces poor countries struggling achieve development accurate statistics hunger hard definitions vary governments worst hit countries reluctant supply information studied problem believe thirds population suffer malnutrition form data exhibit based conservative methods estimation show appallingly problem relationship hunger population complex natural think overpopulation causing hunger malthusian growth numbers food production hunger spur population growth malnutrition leads high infant mortality turn leads desire large family children survive
stage set consider possibilities trade norway spain superficial look labor costs countries suggest possibilities trade norwegians hands cheap spanish goods spanish interested couldn produce home cheaply produced abroad gain trade closer analysis shows superficial view incorrect absolute advantage turns unimportant determining patterns trade comparative advantage matters possibilities trade countries exist imagine enterprising norwegian fishing party decides sail spanish port ton catch spanish merchants port giving tons grain equivalent ton fish norwegians accustomed getting ton grain ton fish exchange ratio tons grain ton fish attractive parties instance trade tons grain ton fish spanish merchants norwegian fishing party traded country opening trade spain norway soon begin effect patterns production countries norway farmers discover working hours raise ton grain rocky soil fish hours trade catch spaniards tons grain
leading theory exchange rate determination run called purchasing power parity theory according theory price unit currency terms currency exchange rate run tend equal ratio price level country price level country goods services traded internationally transportation costs barriers trade purchasing power parity theory presumably hold exactly suppose german domestic price levels buy exactly large market basket goods united states bought marks germany purchasing power parity theory imply exchange rate marks dollar dollar exchanged marks consumers try turn dollars shopping germany attempt immediately drive price dollar marks similarly dollar purchased marks germans try turn marks dollars shop united states quickly push price dollar marks fact expression dollars marks simply names germany united states equal sized lumps abstract purchasing power practice exchange rates reflect purchasing power exactly according study economist irving united states purchasing power marks germany official exchange rate marks dollar
americans worried access middle east oil disrupted boycott local upheavals intolerable totally dependent countries energy needed domestic production national security need attain greater energy importance american unconvinced widely discussed energy shortage real polls majority americans believed alleged shortage artifically created giant american oil corporations eager create climate opinion receptive major price increases order fatten profits increases actually occurred believed shortages promptly disappear opportunity arose shortage scare price increases return oil abundance face things public skepticism times justified public failed reckon major unarguable facts production domestic oil peaked slowly declined percentage imported oil steadily rising percent percent arrived stubborn facts prove domestic oil production eventually reverse trends nonetheless provided persuasive evidence oil shortage product sinister plot giant oil corporations eager exploit helpless public america began search ways enlarge energy supplies reduce formidable inflationary pressures accompanied rising energy prices encountered phenomenon clearly complicated process establishing sound national energy policy
additionally shortage trained personnel install equipment durability workability equipment decades adequately tested cloudy weather persist stretches storage facilities care days solar heat provide percent total heating needs average home means conventional heating system hand finally solar development materially reduce dependence opec oil solar heat typically replaces electricity generated coal nuclear power solar heat economical option hot water heating deal space heating maximum insulation recommended prior installing solar equipment system required investment solar heat pay cost forms energy rise solar heat increasingly attractive solar heating schools swimming pools feasible solar energy capable generating electricity price competitive sources energy barry commoner ardent prominent backers solar energy photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly electricity manner compared plant cells conversion sunlight directly photosynthesis soon able efficiently generate electricity required manufacture cells mass production industry believes happen rapidly department defense invest million dollars period homes supplied solar heat meet percent total energy needs fortunately existing structures solar equipment greatly enlarging potential solar heating
course push ahead oil exploration oil prices current levels outcome care oil found found natural gas important environmentally benign reason let oil companies rich arab sheiks persuade jobs windfall profits tax makes sense assumes price opec sets barrel mysteriously desirable price domestically produced oil opec price structure determined normal laws supply demand usual free market attack windfall profits tax target synthetic fuel supreme court early school integration dictum applies proceed deliberate speed cost high environmental hazards slam brakes area let reach solar age rapidly solar energy prove practicable optimists expect clearly deserves shot point duplicating solar research going forward overboard providing tax credits subsidies business home solar installations solar technology makes progress industry huge federal subsidies users keeping federal budget lean important higher priority conversation foolish inexcusable energy supply economically efficiently high price energy job lush government subsidies
knowing tax relief offer involves deal guesswork economic forecasting imperfect science congress listen called experts guess hope mark tax reduction overstimulate economy fail job adequately congress fails guess correctly deserves sympathy condemnation economy suffering recession inflation happens increasing frequency tax based income policy tip considered alternative general tax cut philosophy tip tax reductions reward inflationary behavior proponents higher taxes penalty practices tax reductions corporations prices rising fixed target percentage period employees wages increase fixed target percentage tax cuts help revive economy simultaneously acting brake inflation inflation producing wage increases policy administratively manageable cuts limited say top corporations employees corporations labor unions set price wage patterns rest economy policy serve dual purposes create massive bureaucracy oversee program seen america modern nations confronted vexing problem knows solution policies produce full employment produce inflation policies halt inflation produce recession
noteworthy aspects lyndon johnson administration celebrated war poverty thomas written galbraith affluent society peopled organization riesman lonely crowd michael harrington america harrington classic published bringing literate public attention dimensions flavor poverty america vivid impression walter heller chairman council economic advisors passed president john kennedy kennedy image poverty sharpened accentuated tour west virginia primary campaign equally impressed endorsed idea major attack poverty shortly assassinated dallas week kennedy death president johnson kind program eloquent message congress early declared citizens richest fortunate nation history shared abundance granted gates opportunity closed strike barriers exist wise history program underway goal set eliminate poverty america fitting event commemorate bicentennial celebration johnson launched organization economic opportunity budget billion coordinate federal local antipoverty activities evaluate results experiment approaches deal effectively problem
james bryant conant suggested greater emphasis vocational education disadvantaged slum children greeted storm abuse trying relegate black youth lifetime menial labor vocational education children headed college full share america abundance defeatist racist view dr conant closer mark critics slum children black white youngsters youth humanistic terms increasingly clear sending college including real taste typical academic menu prestige jobs fill percent jobs require college degree percent young going college students college opportunity liberal education higher education serves needs late larger numbers erstwhile college bound youth fact deciding college college education desirable large percentage population thought percentage students love learning sake phenomenal rate high school post high school vocational education program primary alternative goal vocational education depressed area secondary education attracting competent teaching personnel fields programs continue obsolete training facilities plagued academic persists vo ed bottom prestige ladder
snooping welfare workers eliminated payments based income tax returns submitted quarterly possibly eligible persons low income subjected indignities welfare workers prescribe spending pattern welfare departments think welfare checks respect freedom enhanced professional social workers devote full attention counseling rehabilitation disorganized low income families slaving endless mounds dreary paperwork administrative costs low admittedly payment levels lower poor receive states supplement nit wished nit replace existing complex welfare system costs politically practicable payments set reasonable levels nit advantages drawbacks sobering adequate minimum income persons south high living high cost living cities north formula altered provide regional differences program difficult administer nit requires test characteristic pleasing liberals acceptable general public nit payments prostitutes pimps numbers runners drug dealers report incomes simply decline students choose spend months high school college enjoying carefree economy budget settling eligible benefits public especially minutes bevy journalists detailed abuses program
hoped integrated education upgrade performance black students massive study elementary secondary educational system professor james coleman found black schools financed schools stressed student performance dependent family background peer attitudes education capita spending education family background course hard alter lower class blacks integrated predominantly middle class schools black white believed positive middle class student attitudes education rub incoming students believed quality teaching especially important stressed tendency teachers gravitate middle class schools pleasant suburban surroundings black students lived city de facto housing segregation overcome black students enter supposedly superior middle class schools busing job white middle class parents stoutly opposed schools invaded lower class black children violently averse children city schools racially balanced school program reformers turned courts number cities federal judges concluded subtle attempts school boards maintain segregation ruled mandatory busing required end practice bring truly equal educational opportunity liberals argued integrated society integration start schools busing provide black students educational experiences equal protection laws logically guarantees
differential terms privately owned wealth striking top percent families owns percent privately owned wealth half percent owns percent wealth millionaires united states families owning property assets worth million hand bottom percent percent wealth wealth differential average family top percent compared average family bottom percent finally percent families percent individually held stocks trend according editorial research reports inequality distribution wealth worsened improved late worsened slightly continued trend according sanford rose income distribution figures improved appreciably improved slightly hand herman miller declares income distribution virtually unchanged top bottom fifths american families received proportion national income late relative position poor changed families making pay federal income tax growth food stamp program bottom families percent national income compared percent irving insists tax distribution income united states roughly comparable britain germany france sweden
nature congressional organization legislative process plays hands obstruct tax reform congress obstacle course tends sustain interests negative positive forces society note author subtle semantic technique identifying tax reform positive forces society obstacles numerous interested legislation persuade chairman pigeonhole bill able kill subcommittee subcommittee full committee full committee house rules committee agree sit bill issue orders reducing chances floor killed mutilated house senate subcommittee chairman responsive pleas full senate committee filibuster mounted bill killed mangled senate floor conference committee reconciles divergent bills perform desired surgery conference approved bill killed floor house senate president amenable veto pressures bill nibbled insignificance labyrinthine catacombs congress coup de grace number legislative hurdles thinks wealthy citizens powerful determined friends stationed passes american politics finally american unhappy current distribution wealth place knows income wealth controlled tiny percentage american
pentagon relying heavily rapid development cruise missile maintain nuclear striking power cruise missile inexpensive missile launched flatbed truck small ships mile range skims earth sufficiently low level avoid radar detection able strike feet target recently addition pershing ii missiles western europe helping offset soviet superiority conventional weapons missiles bitterly assailed soviets attempt prevent introduction european theatre hit major soviet targets west german sites pentagon steadily increasing number multiple independently targeted reentry vehicles missile warhead vehicles released warhead moves enemy territory separately guided target complicated guidance devices increase potential destructiveness nuclear weapons development war ii pentagon assembling disputed neutron bomb designed stop massive soviet attack western europe killing soldiers en masse drastically reducing property damage minimizing radiation fallout civilians guided antitank artillery missiles planned major breakthrough neutralizing soviets heavy advantage tank forces pentagon cherished projects controversial mobile missile larger missile armed powerful warheads intended cope pentagon regard credible soviet threat thousand icbms
volunteer army black figure expected rise percent hispanics joining large numbers fallows critics volunteer army believe unwise situation draft rectify believe young inherit democratic freedoms high living standards america owe country pursuit selfish ends waving flag personal freedom draft army fallows believes lottery giving youth america equal opportunity serve serve draft exemptions categories created economic hardships involved corrected dependency benefits exemptions fallows believes students high school college students enrolled rotc subject tour duty graduation medical degree draft apply women question resolved fallows thinks women mothers serve excluded combat involved males fallows estimates serve meet estimated military needs percent assigned combat roles incidentally hand believe forefathers america escape army repudiate principle personal freedom played large part founding country nation impose kind legalized slavery conscription involves form coercion essentially deprives freedoms cherished free society
censors define sufficient precision meet properly due process law test forbid fall fuzzy ambiguous terms prurient interest filth patently offensive lustful indecent terms subject wildly varying interpretations depending tastes interpreter court jury pornography protected amendment fourteenth amendment due process clause says congress law abridging freedom speech press students constitutional law law means law language clear founding fathers amendment believe enact law form speech press creates clear present danger behavior follow forbid solid empirical evidence pornography harm leads antisocial behavior legitimate public concern national commission pornography surveying evidence conducting numerous experiments pornography effects concluded scientific research failed establish pornography adversely affected adults corrupting morals critics censorship insist moral values formed overwhelmingly family schools pornography minute impact personal systems solidly established exposure pornography important degree takes place children need protection pornography adults free read part adult free society mean
millions young marginal homes pornography menace lacking strong moral restraints age thirsts adventure readily yields peer pressures surprising succumb lure pornography sample sex deviations traumatic emotional effects leaving ugly psychologically images surprising sexually active experience mature responsibly handle large percentage young age passing rebellious stage challenging parental restraints parental values eager demonstrate adulthood independence flouting parental standards pornography influences beckon dubious sexual adventures appealing pornography pornography encourage impulsive sex promote careless sex expect inadequate moral foundations premature sexual experience turn bring venereal disease abortions adolescent mothers fathers unwilling assume responsibility children defenders sexual revolution typically appraise standpoint presumed greatest maturity judgment coping freedom offers wisdom social code judged impact responsible members judged effect collective behavior affected seriously doubt vast numbers young maturity judgment responsibly freedom
feminist movement actively revolt pornography longer informed camp condescending manner press intellectuals male female general respectful feminist movement leaders attention case feminist leaders dismissed volley tolerate advocate pornography press attack receive attention press enjoyed feminists intimidated aclu supporters stopped short declaring full scale war pornographic industry mounted strong educational campaign pornography demonstrated streets unwilling law courts bring pornography knees crusading human liberation want supposedly stern requirements amendment limited warfare unfortunate author law public opinion side chose bolder course feminists constitute group nation sufficient sense mission sufficient standing intellectual community confront pornographic industry head force retreat nation needs full blown national debate propriety explicit sexual entertainment defenders win democracy requires
convention met morning december baptist church columbia elected jamison barnwell president jamison opening address call action declared election delegates popular mandate separation constitutional guarantees north longer trusted highest honor sign ordinance secession chairman convention closed danton stirring challenge french revolutionists dare dare end dare threatening epidemic smallpox columbia caused convention charleston move intention members clear resolution unanimously passed withdraw union committee appointed draft ordinance secession charleston welcomed delegates open arms temper secession clearly written brow blue hat flags full display streets gay bunting store fronts hung paintings wharves piled high cotton harbor bristling masts visions blessings expected secession crowds excited citizens lined streets packed squares leading institute hall convention met word secession branded bold black characters gavel brought meeting order secession air ordinance adopted december formal statement sentiment nigh universal south carolina secession south carolina ripened fruit ancient political philosophy compact theory government
weeks seceded states fact independent commonwealths south carolinians called palmetto republic leaders secession movement mind beginning formation southern nation embodying ideals slavery economic conservatism rights south carolina withdrew union robert barnwell rhett introduced resolution calling convention southern states purpose forming national government rhett suggested montgomery capital alabama suitable meeting place convention possibly urging south carolinians alabama secession convention invited withdrawing states send representatives montgomery organize confederate states america february delegates seceded states assembled chamber alabama senate montgomery create southern republic later joined texas delegation fifty group outstanding citizens political leaders south seventeen planters forty lawyers chief associate justices variety professions represented including physicians businessmen teachers college presidents editors ministers gospel half group served united states congress cabinet members president united states leading southern fire eaters members convention including robert barnwell rhett louis wigfall texas delegates conservative outlook whigs recently converted secession especially alexander stephens completely surrendered persuasion
final weakness south institution slavery deprive confederacy large numbers soldiers era rising belief rationality imminence earthly utopia southern republic stigma fighting perpetuate irrational immoral social order leaders north able convert war initially undertaken preserve union mighty crusade strike chains arms millions weaknesses south partially offset advantages rising nature nature conflict waged engaged defensive war strategic reasons traditionally requires fewer troops physical resources offensive effort leaders able invoke heroic defense hearth home appeal patriotism southerners regardless views slavery secession south rich military leadership profession arms highly regarded aristocratic plantation society confederate army contained hundred graduates west point including considered finest lot committed mortal combat officers brilliant south nearly hundred civil war student history connoisseur military leadership winston churchill write confederacy famous soldier robert lee noblest americans lived greatest captains known annals war southern officers possessed achieve distinction albert sidney joseph johnston beauregard thomas stonewall jackson
human beings thought extraordinary creatures occupy unique position universe attitude expressed religions according christian islamic tradition living things specially individually created god god humans unique property soul rendered fundamentally creatures idea human uniqueness seen australian aboriginal religions religions emphasize natural bonds humans animals humans assigned special role maintenance order ritual makes superior animals modern science deals natural phenomena directly indirectly observable humans perspective religion ignoring questions existence souls role ritual sustaining order recently scientists continued tradition stressing extraordinary superior attributes human animal place special category animals scientists recognized humans animals possessing traits talents thought fundamentally qualities found lower forms lives animals ruled instincts inheritable unalterable behavioral tendencies complex specific responses environmental stimuli human behavior hand seen based ideas concepts socially learned transmitted genetically inherited ago anthropologists scientists believed humans tool animals humans possessed capacity complex forms communication
concept evolution begin studying human nature systematically resorting theological dogma important evolutionists clear distinction biologically inherited characteristics acquired socially learning distinction race culture offered solution fundamental paradox study humanity question alike evolutionists recognized racial traits skin color eye shape hair form stoutly supported principle psychic unity according essentially mental capacities potentials person felt equal birth talents acquire depend measure society robertson words important human differences social environment biology acceptance psychic unity mankind white evolutionists willing admit nonwhites peers basic accept cultures equals european north american evolutionists obvious cultures advanced saw progress important feature evolution simply change evolution sequence leading simple complex primitive advanced grossly consistently viewed customs beliefs advanced prominent evolutionists englishman edward anthropologist oxford university important contribution anthropology concept culture defined complex includes knowledge belief art law morals customs capabilities habits acquired member society
marxists sought explain function conflict society schools thought began emerge late early focused uncovering cognitive structures providing order culture approaches effort despite differences heavily influenced structural linguistics attempt discover structural principles underlying speech patterns main proponent structural approach study culture french anthropologist claude levi strauss turned human mind point origin universal principles ways behave think according levi strauss universal principles found structure processes human thought ideas influential study kinship mythology usefulness limited largely untestable proved disproved explain variations cultures structuralists pursued ambitious task trying discover structural operating principles specific cultural systems leaders direction french anthropologist louis dumont dumont explained caste system india reference structural principles society separation hierarchy interaction approach pointing cognitive underpinnings social behavior explain principles exist approach treats cultural order largely ignores adaptive dimension culture failing link underlying structural principles physical social environment search structural principles specific societies highly refined largely american school known cognitive anthropology
frequent contact language traditions lead individuals speak variant single language language charles ferguson coined term describe situations varieties language standard forms dialects creoles spoken persons speech community conditions variant important cultural meanings haiti instance vast majority speak commonly referred haitian creole derived french middle class elite speak haitian creole standard french standard french clearly assigned higher status haiti creole ability speak standard french requirement upward social mobility elite speech forms depends relative social positions speaking setting speech situation haitian elites creole exclusively private informal situations peer groups children adolescents parents home french exclusively formal public situations administrative proceedings official speeches creole french interchangeably private formal conversations mere acquaintances public informal situations shops conversation friends situations french creole patterns usage signal subtle shifts roles attitudes speakers individuals speak language common societies fact american students taking foreign language class find amazing develops variety reasons growing home language spoken schooling traveling reason area language living border areas mixed ethnic communities
philippines seventeenth populous nation thirty million inhabitants enormous number languages spoken american control philippines led widespread english english language spoken majority called widely spoken forty eighty polynesian languages distinct chinese languages spanish creole arabic amid linguistic complexity wonder filipinos commonly find unable understand majority fellow citizens saying thinking planning consider predicament thirty woman southern city mother father chinese paternal grandfather cantonese wife woman raised area philippines educated english married speaking speaks english told speak languages understand mother law grandmother communication snarls speakers philippine languages avoid visiting eating forming friendships marrying forming political alliances result filipinos frequently form ethnic stereotypes based minimal personal experience frequently offer crude explanations behavior ethnic groups government philippines dominated english northern languages individuals speak distantly related southern languages neglected decades governmental authorities concede
large scale agriculture require large labor force type agricultural production dominate regions recently spreading tropics exemplified large scale mechanized grain farm plantations grain farms focus growing crops products exported sold distant markets unlike plantations large grain farms capital labor intensive depending small force large inputs money form fertilizers mechanical equipment grain farms doubly dependent industrial sector means production markets produced operations commonly owned large corporations family owned social organization farming enterprises depends part encompassing economic system soviet union market oriented united states parts market oriented north america australia pattern large independent adjacent farms small residential unit consist single family seasonal workers group farms small town services including banks government administrators mechanics contingent poor laborers depend periodic nearby farms collective farms residential patterns tend village serving service center place residence farmers final subsistence pattern found large scale industrial societies ranching origins ranching found medieval european especially activities spanish sheepherders institutions rodeo equipment attire vocabulary ranching
structure significance age sets vary considerably society follow linear born period belong single set moves series grades members grow older adhere cyclic pattern sets accept members periodic basis age sets perform limited range functions influence structure functioning society societies tremendous importance nyakyusa southeastern africa characterized extreme age set organization wilson age twelve boys grown working closely leave parental homes move village continue return parents meals fathers fields marry set households age twenty younger brothers village founders join community large members decide close admittance decade number age villages area fathers hold ceremony hand full political authority sons tend group gender age small scale societies automatically divided sex groups serve purposes carrying subsistence delegated sex large scale industrial societies commonly possess range sex based groups league women voters boy scouts membership voluntary nature groups tend serve narrower range purposes
importance kinship american society understood simply reference wealth power friendship certainly considerations makes kinship important durability social institutions kinship permanent quality transcend individuals actions helps provide sense security roots changing feel alienated enjoy feeling related hundreds thousands parts country individuals delight going telephone books stranded strange towns airports looking persons share surnames calling related potential relatives practical car breaks gila bend try find cousin ask assistance chances help kinship sense security providing links past variety ancestors family claims related national hero rarely clear exactly connection families purchased mail order firms coats arms accompanying booklet telling famous ancestors coats arms claims relationship rich famous practical importance feel significant person ancestors practical importance descendant early settler parts country ancestor question unsavory sort social advantage
societies typically prescribe marry marry society person takes spouse known caught imprisoned natural reason custom societies allow wife expect eastern cultural actually plural marriages person spouse accepted vast majority societies natural reason custom society tries restrict marriage single spouse encourages persons spouse reflects society evolved current socioeconomic environment allowed plural marriages longer economic reasons adoption religion forbids form marriage found united states western industrial nations monogamy marriage woman monogamy simply norm societies prescribed plural marriages illegal societies divorce fairly common individuals enter series marriages marrying divorcing marrying maintain spouse refer pattern serial monogamy societies prefer limit number spouses person practice spouse call polygamy principal types polygamy polygyny term polygyny refers marriage women simultaneously
number indian children attending high school grown percent teachers villages indian teachers function village schools problems main problem indian teachers creole east indian teachers vulnerable community pressure added opinion community members thing indian behave nontraditional ways farmer according indian teacher don put teacher indian teacher indian teacher ways black parents think hard disturb black indians chance indian teacher talk kinds badness indian teacher indian chance black teacher don chance thing start indian teacher say teacher children punish children school thing indian woman teacher say woman lashing children complaint indian teachers children learn english
peruvian feudalism feudalism general contemporary differs number ways feudalism existed europe existing isolated entity feudal system today part system andre frank pointed feudal societies today provide larger part product external markets case past meant produced societies products depend external market conditions local needs integration feudal systems modern system provided potential undoing feudalism presenting lord vassal options lord option mechanized agriculture relying machines wage laborers large number subservient vassals vassal chance move city revolts land seizures break hierarchical system role governments factor governments recent active role affairs influencing areas feudal structures past peru exercised influence feudal areas support instance sending troops quell periodic revolts recent peruvian government times supported workers land reform sought exert greater government control productive structure replacing administrative elite loyal central government development spread western industrial capitalism rise fourth system social stratification hierarchy distinct social groups known social classes
differs societies administrative structure formally number communities comprised parallel units headed chief council stratified societies office chief generally affords incumbent status noticeably members society kinship important politically position chief hereditary chief kin commonly form elite segment society chiefs accumulate goods form tribute redistribute form public feasts doles need greater degree specialization societies deal specialized societies organized states found parts polynesia era european colonialism power wealth polynesian chiefs varied chiefs larger islands attaining considerable power maintaining social distance commoners marshall argued differences large degree reflection similar strategies employed polynesians ecological settings high islands atolls administration samoa larger islands polynesia characterized high degree stratification government conducted village councils comprised chiefly title holders titles chiefs talking chiefs inherited talking chiefs served ceremonial attendants chiefs necessarily inferior status chiefs talking chiefs occupied varying ranks hierarchy based presumed descent male lines god legendary incident
australia live northeast northern territory remotest parts continent war ii seen white australians ancestors settled land hundred fifty land rectangular peninsula home aboriginal groups afterthought colonial exploration finally attracted attention governments missions declared aboriginal reserve weather roads land north south annual tropical monsoons regularly isolate scattered communities depend seagoing barges food goods air services travel impressive region geographically remote urban centers australia longer socially politically isolated late largest bauxite mining operations australia established built town house thousand white workers families aboriginal resistance development increasing concern australia rights aborigines led declaration aboriginal land rights act northern territory transfer reserves aboriginal hands societies legally land occupied thousand family clan groups living crowded mission settlements decided home reestablish small communities lands movement development called motivated aborigines complex set needs fears specter allocation land mining development social conflicts inflamed alcoholism mission settlements desire autonomy love land livelihood religious inspiration identity
effects dependency external markets society group power apparent peasant communities coercion lack alternatives forced sell products labor return purchase things need industrial centers high prices situation worse communities able produce fewer fewer items locally begin sell goods devoted making range goods produced local consumption pressure mounts sell harder dependent underdeveloped areas increased productivity frequently benefit majority means greater profits wealthy called brazilian economic miracle served primarily benefit wealthy brazilians foreign corporations expansion brazilian economy failed benefit indians peasants small farmers lost land large commercial enterprises industrial workers wages failed pace inflation factories highest rates industrial accidents brazilian miracle meant wealth greater exploitation pushed millions impoverished existence margins economy growth increased brazil dependent status money borrowed abroad fuel economic growth percent brazil export earnings pay oil imports interest foreign debts productive activity producing export meeting needs brazilian elite developed greater interest maintaining existing system dependent productivity
anthropology changed deal nineteenth century longer collection amateurs interested exotic naive notions works anthropology grown professionalism understanding humans live interact methodology grown vacuum group anthropologists influenced environment discipline today reflection nature contemporary system greater integration discipline consists persons part globe longer domain europeans north americans international congress anthropological sciences held india attended anthropologists continent small scale societies focus anthropological attention decades remain important part study ways societies disappearing rapidly contemporary anthropologists share concern earlier anthropologists recording significant aspects human enterprise feel humanistic concern style disappearing scientific desire ensure aware mankind potentialities remain important lessons learned studying living smaller nonindustrial societies tell humans relate physical environment important reinforce notion humans highly adaptive teach characteristics assume instinctive biologically based aggression largely based cultural shaping anthropologists continuing interest small scale societies involves theoretical approach past
distinction philosophy theory hand ideology philosophy means literally love wisdom detached solitary contemplation search truth strictest meaning term theory formulation propositions causally link variables account explain phenomenon linkages strict sense empirically verifiable primarily natural sciences social sciences difficult empirical separates theory philosophy ideology involve contemplation organization ideas demonstration ideology action shapes beliefs move action women organize impose philosophies theories realize society ideology involves action collective effort originate philosophy theory ideologies inevitably highly simplified distorted versions original doctrines interesting philosophy theory ideology originates important understand ideology distinct separate entity studied terms logic dynamics terms theory stems closeness resemblance difficult understand circumstances theory philosophy transformed ideology action oriented movement important theories philosophic doctrines remain unnoticed untouched generations discovered history compared freezer ideas theories stored later works plato times origin ideological movements
ideologies embody social criticism criticism confronts existing beliefs attempts argument persuasion challenge change critical examination social political beliefs played important role development ideologies rejection beliefs yielded replaced institutions slavery property hereditary monarchy bureaucratic centralization critically challenged abandoned qualified instances criticism pushed extremes ideologies dream impossible quest ideological person criticizes rejects existing order things dreaming worlds government perfect equality abundance elimination force abolition war political ideologies quality exaggerated form called utopias word derived greek give meaning term implying naive dangerous bit crazy ignoring shakespeare pithy remark dreams stuff ideology moves concerted action moves nation group class political party unite principles express interests demands beliefs france today socialism vindication standing quest equality material equality united states hand political economic liberalism freedom produce consume think worship major rallying point political movements single issue organization motivated ideology political action environmentalists united states seek put end physical environment share objectives organizations
number inferences stem notion moral rational nature individual institutionalized practice liberalism continue essential recent proclamations supporting human rights united nations represent oldest battle cries liberalism personal liberty consists rights guaranteeing individual protection government requirement women live known law known procedures locke wrote freedom standing rule live common society legislative power erected law protects restrains rulers corresponds individual freedoms freedom think talk worship policeman enter home night due authority individual poorest lowest thrown prison chance hear charges argue judge discover sunday morning church closed son daughter disappeared american students freedoms evident naturally due unfortunately fact exist today small number countries personal liberties general define set protections civil liberties free positive channels areas human activity participation liberal ideology practice equally valued basic liberal faith concept freedom thought define positively individuals think thoughts learn ways experience process
ultimately general posture assumed european socialist parties socialist party united states end war socialist parties advocating socialism democratic setting full respect democratic institutions extending pact liberals radical democrats effect liberal radical democratic socialist synthesis democratic socialism concept triple core liberalism help identify consensus evolved fifty democrats socialists fully accept moral core political core fact political moral cores expanded freedoms maintained extended workers underprivileged minorities political parties interest groups associations demands known participate policymaking differences continue exist comes economic core longer sharp irreconcilable cases agreement content policies pursued ideological policy differences democrats validity efficacy laissez faire economics equally significant thoughts part socialists efficacy wisdom nationalizations controls helped bridge reconcile differences today democracies appreciable part industrial production hands indirectly controls substantial part economic activity investment income exports imports economic growth prices words democracies moved increasingly direction socialism united states major social economic reforms undertaken democrats roosevelt deal
marxism produced competing parties europe france fortunes knew ups downs soviet oriented communist party democratic reformist socialist party france communists stronger receiving solid working class support controlling powerful trade union ability mobilize public electorate beginning early socialist leadership program accounted renewed strength began catch communists socialist party moved clearly left cooperating communists advocating broad structural reforms nationalizations eleven key industries virtually banks party promised expand social legislation provide full employment impose higher taxes narrow income disparities stood party left appealed groups sought support workers socialists continued stress attachment democracy political freedoms respected contrast centralized bureaucratic socialism soviet style socialism promised decentralize give autonomous powers local units firms favored known france organization economic production industrial activity nationalized industries manner allowing participation decision making working promised environmental measures protect citizen gear investment industrial activities qualitative considerations education art leisure early retirement living conditions greater opportunities young socialism au visage socialism human face
despite foregoing twenty term conservative gained respectability conservative ideology gained followers proudly claim conservative meaning term conservatives begin conservatives today united states british conservatives fact liberals subscribe large tenets nineteenth century liberalism accept institutions policies nineteenth century liberalism want preserve opinion worked country believe economic individualism competition free enterprise system intervention liberals herbert hoover called liberal economic depression deal franklin roosevelt accounted change terms roosevelt called liberal introduced sweeping social reforms involved direct intervention federal government economic social matters included public works social security insurance schemes minimum wage legislation favored growth trade union membership gave role collective bargaining employers direct indirect controls agriculture farm prices unemployment compensation production electricity federal public corporation federal loans business prospective house buyers stringent controls banks federal guarantees protect savings rejecting free market economy deal fashioned system controls regulations unprecedented american history result federal budget swelled taxes rose deal asserted role nation economy political power directly compensate weaknesses market economy presumed brought depression depression halved national income arrested economic growth accounted severe unemployment country experienced
organization soviet communist party fact hierarchical orders action flowed top bottom lenin able despite opposition hold supreme decision making power hands control nomination local party leaders party tolerate dissent lenin leadership indulged revolution invented notion enemies period thousands called saboteurs petit bourgeois jailed thieves speculators sentenced death lenin model party obvious respect democracy view representation universal secret franchise political parties periodic elections suitable revolutionary struggle defended proved obstacles proletarian revolutionary movement moment brushed moment thought congress russian social democratic workers party held brussels writing sir isaiah berlin says occurred event marked culmination process altered history lenin friends insisted need absolute authority revolutionary nucleus party concept questioned founders russian marxism took lenin side statement revolution supreme law revolution demanded democracy liberty rights individual sacrificed lenin scruples dissolving democratically elected bodies bolsheviks minority thought lenin growth trade union movement proper medium development class revolutionary consciousness
scathing critique stalinist system generally critique addressed virtually communist systems yugoslav communist book entitled class written stalin death published united states writes happened differently soviet russia communist countries leaders prominent lenin trotsky stalin anticipated expected points wistfully wither democracy strengthened standard living internationalism supplant exactly reverse happened industrialization collectivization accounted economic improvement let plenty dream classless society remains dream fact class developed communist party communist party huge bureaucracy process industrializing industrialization part achieved class strengthen brute force pillage ceases create spiritual heritage overtaken darkness class classes past indoctrination force relies handouts secure loyal supporters develops nationalist ideology appeal forces bourgeoisie relied past party oligarchy bureaucratic apparatus maintains monopoly political control allocates disproportionate part national wealth income despite rhetoric communist regimes soviet communism continued perpetuate class rule leon trotsky architects bolshevik revolution tactician brilliant lenin
label prevailing communist movement ideology yugoslavia began develop german occupation country war yugoslav communist party tito assumed leadership resistance organized fought sustained guerrilla war nazis party assumed political control yugoslavia communist yugoslavia soviet union disagreed number issues synonymous national communist regime declared independent soviet union differs number domestic international questions adam writes proper historical moment break tito stalin ideology points broad meaning translated resistance part communist party domination russian communists concerned specifics historical moment tito defied soviet leadership control circumstances surrounding discuss development ideology terms yugoslav political social economic experiment seeks identity separate soviet communism seen lenin genius knit marxist groups parties international organization international accomplished communism movement chances survival russia dim international proletariat react communism triumphed number countries disregard national borders favor cooperation follow socialist parties eve war put country proletarian brotherhood solidarity
authors philosophers sociologists anthropologists political scientists contributed formulation liberal democratic body doctrine pride movements regimes borrowed thinking rejected outright gross distortion thought written taught major ideas wing parties elitism social darwinism exaltation violence notion group reality superseding individual nationalism lenin conception revolutionary party based played important role reaction industrialization social groups felt threatened impersonality mass society liberal assumptions equality participation accepted conservatives spoke terms natural leaders persons special special stake country due special leadership roles nineteenth century number authors advanced arguments justify rule government elite majority simply incapable government elites derive superiority intelligence knowledge manipulative skills sheer physical courage sociologist distinguishes gifted individuals mass mediocrities follow asserts competition takes place elites follow sheep democracy claims nonsense robert quoted book political parties observed documented phenomenon elitism socialist parties claimed open egalitarian democratic run elite organizations iron law oligarchy
farmers nazis promised green democracy soil rooted pure communitarian values protection subsidies pledged uphold rural values traditions menaced urbanization workers promised jobs unemployment shot million million employed unemployed workers began join party vote depression weakened trade unions left wing workers hopelessly divided socialism communism army nazis promised rebuilding end versailles treaty middle classes promised special measures arrest decline income give security promised dangers left eliminating communism promises appealed especially lower middle classes merchants artisans shopkeepers civil service personnel clerical personnel nazi party promised special place young future room battle cries propaganda developed fine political art clear cut lines suggested hitler repetition simple slogans themes appeal emotions propositions clearly distinguished negative positive truth lie simple answers complex problems solve unemployment giving jobs emphasis nationalism national togetherness germans jews capitalists communists propaganda themes strengthened direct action opponents truth lay demonstration belief action nazi believed strengthened belief acting force vindication belief violence party members formations hitler youth sa ss integral part nazi ideology
nazis failed implement original economic program nationalize monopolies contrary effort encourage concentration confiscate war profits unearned income undertake land reform uncultivated lands transform peasant cooperatives populist socialist promises forgotten power nazi party socialist leaders promises seriously massacred nazi economic policy consisted series improvisations meet political objectives rearmament war doubt economy subordinated political ideological exigencies necessity planning waging war start controls put foreign exchange special efforts promote investment direct key areas economic activity secure raw materials produce home instance synthetic gas rubber general emphasis put reducing imports promoting priorities established wages controlled labor met importation foreign slave labor especially war period proceeded amalgamation firms takeover smaller profits remained secure war property individual corporate respected political imperatives prevailed economy absorbed nationalized subordinate party subordination countries experienced war distinct nazi economy produced blueprint production trade growth consumption effort establish framework labor capital relations disband trade unions
proponents left echo anarchist themes rejection bigness destruction authority political economic organizational hierarchies course emphasize living small groups communes associations individuals control environment organize charge affairs left shares anarchists quest individualization spontaneity creativity free play reject private property favor communal associational left finally anarchists believes force direct action shares anarchists outright moral existing society small number activists left joined conspiratorial organizations bent destruction political assassination participation management common affairs left potent instruments putting end alienation limited forms participation especially workers industrial firms practiced countries involve consultations profit sharing autonomy workers determine working conditions question basic rules capitalistic economy regard property ownership managerial hierarchical organization firms demands left comprehensive apply industrial firms economic activities political social cultural involved activity organization makes decisions affect participate making left specific notions organizational structures advocating reduction size complexity finally proposes socialization economic units privately owned
iranian revolution populism appealed traditionalist forces instance religious masses appeal strong especially fanatically religious iranian lower middle classes organized mobilized religious leaders hundred thousand clergymen called peasant lower middle class origin recruited villages religious training holy city native villages backbone instrument revolution late exploited populist movements aversion average iranian modernization country shah modernization provide equitable distribution wealth room social mobility political participation system remained small privileged class army controlling government major share rising wealth quarreling division spoils element iranian revolution common populism nationalism directed west especially united states position influence affairs iran nationalism manifested appeal iranian traditional values religious values islamic faith endangered modernization minority consisting left wing intellectuals communists revolution primarily combat foreign intervention imperialism matter tactics joined traditionalists order destabilize regime ultimately bring shah iran divided oligarchy ruled needed leader incorporate religious values past serve symbol rally regime
movements widespread difficult generalize undertake detailed study virtually modern nation phenomenon present case generated ideological movements varying degrees intensity assume patterns downright nationalist borrowing nineteenth century ideology nationalism reformist calling administration reforms nation direction increased federalism decentralization despite professed attachment local communal regional values project vision revolutionary movements attempt reformulate theory democracy stressing direct participation loyalty control citizens local small units lines suggested advocates left explanations advanced phenomenon range determination assertions individual spontaneity freedom economic theories stressed discrepancies wealth regions localities stemming exploitation poorer areas wealthier arguments efficiency advanced claim centralized bureaucracy nation tends wasteful small local services handle efficiently expensively unique local problems response separatist demands stemming movements administrative decentralization ethnic group living region assume powers nation seceding decentralization number forms generally amount regional government local government decentralization reach point regional units assume powers virtually powers nation exist
number theories related defining social problems disorganization approach assumes social problem exists objective condition arrangement part structure society seen defined intrinsically bad malignant contrast normal healthy society herbert suggests social problems fundamentally products process collective definition sees case problems existing independently set objective social arrangements intrinsic structure symbolic interactionists social reality social acts acts focus research social structures institutions stress process focus examining nature social problems interest poverty social problem economic structure poverty define poverty act influenced definitions poverty consequences approach look settings social interaction considered social problem interactional nature problem focus values ways acting persons difficulties carrying basic processes exchanging words gestures cues approved condemned behavior troubled engage troubling behavior unable agree meaning proper conduct basic concepts inherent limitations human ability communicate order communication
interrelated ecological concepts part ecosystems interdependence meaning related depends indirect removal part negatively affect parts diversity meaning wide variety support parts system general greater diversity species greater probability survival species limits defining finite growth organism limits numbers species environment support complexity referring intricacy relationships parts general view mankind environment fearful rarely respectful century idea control nature nature closely linked idea infinite inevitable progress technology invention seen evidence success optimism based material progress idea high rational civilization onward movement advanced producing environments want look specifically america natural resources happening forms microorganisms forms oxygen directly air quantities air dissolved water water directly absorbed converted living things purity availability water sets limits forms availability energy needed maintain rests complex set interrelationships passing energy living organisms primary source energy sun plants convert solar energy food water chlorophyll
cities continue major source water pollution sewage systems elaborate combination pipes laid hundred ago modern treatment facilities pressing problems water pollution industrial waste rivers lakes dumping grounds industries waste introduced industries depend water cooling production water rivers return polluted heated balance water depends supply oxygen water proper levels nitrogen phosphorous chemicals put rivers lakes industry drastically reduce oxygen carrying capacity water heat put water raise temperature degrees aquatic cold blooded water temperatures capacity metabolic adjustment die impact realized knows fish especially valuable food provide major part supply protein lake erie presented striking pollution large body water lake erie major natural resource region half dozen large cities population million past area large varied industry ranging rich farm lands profitable fisheries process creating wealth led pollution original ecosystem greatly altered beaches closed pollution
creative human beings romantic notion inside creative person burst chance evidence case creativity confused say kind discussed earlier want input degree freedom carrying job think urge express creativity bit fetched society capitalist communist socialist boring repetitious things society survival leave room opportunity creativity level social problem altered eliminated variety viewpoints orientations vested interests businessperson administrator worker family government vested interests pursue constant struggle satisfy vested interests basic conflict interests american society commodities services producing american history power struggle sided owners managers control changed successful emergence labor movement major periods conflict labor movement gaining increasing strength war ii passing protective legislation swung balance power side labor happened general options capitalists relocate part industrial process overseas acquire cheaper labor
president lyndon johnson declared war poverty presented deal drama high expectations supposed pronged effort poverty government programs called war poverty proved minor skirmishes initial budget fiscal million bulk funds education training social services experience youth initially high degree optimism quickly faded vietnam war drained resources period violent protests political social institutions increasingly crime city major concern result concern poverty quickly forgotten war poverty impact politically motivated ultimately politically undercut affect aspects urban social welfare neighborhood centers created aftermath reflected personnel indigenous paraprofessionals hired joseph writes millions dollars spent poor largely benefited middle class supplying employment thousands professional elites black spanish speaking white want look specifically welfare payments include money services provided poor government generally seen earned welfare payments accompanied stigma public approach welfare contributes stigma welfare recipients denied degree privacy stigma assigning victim blame situation
yancey points ethnicity black puerto rican ghettos older ethnic urban villages found large city communities blacks puerto ricans removed economic opportunities characterized social organizations based strong informal networks networks tied economic opportunity segregation ethnics economic opportunities social geographic suggests primary sources ethnic retention resurgence ethnicity relative lack residential social mobility experienced substantial proportion urban ethnic groups rise white ethnic consciousness response actions demands put blacks black ethnic consciousness asserted forcefully evidence ethnic segregation disappear future immigrant groups united states displaced persons escaping homelands reasons vietnamese cubans americans mixed feelings groups appears welcome living parts country closest americans immigrants seeing television poorer americans competing decreasing number low skilled jobs happy welcome exception american indians americans descended immigrants defining ethnic groups foreign born shrinks percentage population rapidly
traditionally values attitudes abortion seen province religion abortion defined religions mortal sin condoned circumstances strong religious pressures laws passed united states past availability legal abortion practically impossible intertwined legal control medical control recent cases abortion legal medically approved doctor making decision medical feasibility making moral decision woman striking desires rights woman choose abortion rarely existed emergence definition abortion social problem accomplished despite strongly divergent points view definition views abortion taking fetus totally unacceptable point view sees woman decide wants carry full term give birth fetus view choice woman abortion problem potential solution problem unwanted pregnancy past major part social problem abortion centered dangers woman encountered sought abortion dangers medical legal abortions quacks hacks women lost lives result abortions abortion women breaking law caught legally punished knowing illegal abortions occurred past estimates range million million
percent american women employed home social visibility appeared fewer women working fact visible concentrated low status levels society typically unmarried young women working class families poor widows married women low income immigrant groups middle class single women female labor today decades marginal section labor force respect current increase women force interpreted real progress provisional status female labor greatly altered sharp economic depression women lose gained force women weak position labor force education husbands subjected greater physical coercion ten women home lives general marriage presence children tend limit employment widowhood divorce decrease family responsibility tend bring force necessity supporting children strong influence women entering labor force participation rates women preschool children shows variations married mothers percent working true percent separated mothers percent divorced mothers rates married versus divorced women working percent percentage women force children shows significant increase
generally age real ordeal women susan writes growing older mainly ordeal imagination sees social pathology afflicts women women experience growing older deal distaste shame equating youth makes aware exact age nonindustrial societies sure industrial societies haunted numbers interest keeping score cards aging convinced low total kind bad news physical change obvious indication aging appearance skin tends dry wrinkle person ages tendons skin connective tissues lose elasticity hardening blood vessels stiffening joints health problems faced elderly due general decline circulatory system person capacity sight hearing reduced brain begins shrink heart lungs kidney bladder begin operate reduced levels efficiency process biological aging vary important males females patterns sex hormone change reactions aging sex vary reactions closely related varying role obligations sexes cultural values decline energy strength greater source conflict male decline physical attractiveness accompanies aging greater source conflict females society
implied theories homosexuality alleged hands individual extent denial individual choose homosexuality persons accept notion choice homosexuality simply defies commitments seen threat family choice involved study found half lesbians explained homosexuality free choice behavior believed innately determined seventh saw result negative childhood heterosexual experiences mark friedman clinical psychologist states research lesbians shows score higher control group autonomy spontaneity orientation present opposed obsession past anticipation future sensitivity needs feelings study comparing lesbians control group found lesbians independent resilient bohemian sufficient study quoted friedman found lesbians scored higher controls goal direction acceptance attempts find psychological factors differentiate homosexual heterosexual women part unsuccessful failure discriminate lesbians heterosexuals basis projective tests differences problem drinking personal adjustment defensiveness confidence actually studies find differences groups find favor adjustment lesbians lesbians reported independent dominant tend confidence independent directed accepting aggression satisfied matched heterosexual women instances indications lesbians exhibit tendencies depression suicide attempts alcohol abuse
social factors family related drinking important area interest drinking young generally concern drink drink degree defined socially excessive part drinking patterns young predicted drinking patterns parents cases united states drinking experience young occurs home parental supervision social groups lowest risk developing alcoholism drinking learned early age context complex social ceremonial activities supervised persons drink safely common pattern teenagers learn alcohol observing parents adults drink teenagers drink home presence encouragement parents describe home alcohol tasting sipping peers drinking meaning consumption entire glasses bottles wine beer whiskey study high school students states half boys fourth girls drink extent recognizable pattern moderate drinking adult drinking teenagers high frequency high quantity average percent characterized problem drinkers writes family frequent setting family members frequently companions earliest exposure alcohol half drink report experience taste alcohol age ten
specifically effects marijuana include euphoric accompanied motor excitation mental confusion reactions frequently period depression sleep notable physical brought marijuana slight increases heart rate dilation blood vessels results common red eyes marijuana smoker efficient detecting stoned marijuana found inhibit expression aggressive impulses user interfering muscular coordination reducing psychomotor activities generally producing states drowsiness lethargy timidity passivity marijuana users arrested convicted violent crimes murder forcible rape aggravated assault armed robbery intellectually marijuana tends increase imagination reduce concentration intelligence test scores slightly lower unchanged attention held say game poker expert player hold players jazz musicians claim play influence simple musically sterile laboratory tests note identification beat duration performance worse drug happens person thinks performing tasks objective criterion result psychological lift optimistic interpretation marijuana generally induces user appears person accustomed effects marijuana compensate impairment mental physical functioning view supported testimony smokers say marijuana high manageable alcohol intoxication driving tests found terms total scores subjects performed worse stoned marijuana sober
shortly look attempts explain crime point explanations female crime attempts sexual explanations female crime assumption seen women turning crime purely sexual reasons regardless crime sex offense female criminal behavior explained sexual terms include notions penis female promiscuity physiological inferiority women describe woman offender recipient lenient chivalrous handling justice system male counterpart appears evidence support contention common view chivalry male offender supposedly takes risks woman committing crimes goading accompanied manipulation devious woman protected justice system allowing rap kinds myths tend hang evidence support general persons age treated delinquents depends laws application laws chapter differences rates types crime committed juveniles adults arrests major crimes united states percent aggravated assault committed persons age contrast group committed percent larceny percent auto thefts young represented crime statistics apt suffer personal crimes
specific objectives imprisonment reform criminals longer commit crimes criminals commit crimes period protect society provide social retribution victim fourth serve warning general public deterrent effect objectives total failures failures part prison totally consequences individual prisoners learn criminal techniques label criminal accustomed prison unable deal major commitment notion punishment serve deterrent offender commit similar act refers relationship existence perception legal sanctions subsequent behavior major limitation notion assumption person enter rational process recognizing threat getting caught weighing anticipated benefit actions areas violent crime frequently committed high anger impulse rationally assessing consequences contrast commission crimes kidnapping responsive effect requires period rational recently students crime delinquency tended grade favor objectives treatment rehabilitation recent growing body research evidence swiftness certainty punishment lesser extent severity tangible effect crime rates deterrent effects demonstrated generally large
range costs abused child studies found children reared family setting physical violence spouse beating child abuse later likely commit physically violent acts rape murder assault found abusive parents simultaneously engaged spouse beating children rapidly accumulating criminal records committing physically violent acts general childrearing patterns punishment related child abuse physical punishment common american child rearing practices studies suggest excess percent parents employ physical force upbringing children quarter reported spanking infants age months half spanking child months age studies suggest late high school half parents physical punishment threat means disciplining children respondents college bound students high school dropouts troublemakers according national polls parents teachers united states favor corporal punishment number states permit corporal punishment schools prohibit local school board banning gallup polls shown percent parents believe modest corporal punishment percent elementary teachers agree social values allow physical punishment easy parents teachers extend parents report child abuse extension punishment frequently parent providing discipline oversteps limits loses control situation normal sanctioned discipline attempt restore authority abuse desperate attempt
anthropologist henry defines culture set ideas learned patterned transmitted generation generation anthropologist clifford points critical feature human evolution dependence kind learning cultural learning create deal concepts grasp apply specific systems symbolic meaning defines culture set control mechanisms plans recipes rules constructions engineers call programs governing behavior individual born human population begins immediately process conscious unconscious learning involving interaction internalize incorporate culture population process enculturation individual learns deal previously established system meaning symbols terms define express feelings judgments anthropologist leslie white stresses unique critical significance symbolic thought white defines culture temporal continuum things events dependent culture consists tools implements utensils clothing ornaments customs institutions beliefs rituals games works art language white culture humanity existence ancestors acquired ability symbol ability freely arbitrarily originate bestow meaning thing event correspondingly ability grasp appreciate meaning symbol arbitrarily stands obvious natural intrinsic link white holy water illustrate human capacity symbol water intrinsically holier milk blood liquids holy water chemically ordinary water
basic distinction anthropology academic disciplines study human existence anthropology study humanity biological sociocultural linguistic point view breadth anthropology links disciplines techniques date fossils artifacts brought anthropology physics chemistry geology plant animal remains human bones products anthropologists collaborate zoologists botanists paleontologists bonds sociocultural anthropology social sciences humanities consider main similarities differences anthropologists asked relationship sociocultural anthropology sociology anthropologist referring specifically sociocultural anthropologist sociologist share common interest human society organization behavior humans groups patterns social relations differences practices disciplines result kinds societies traditionally studied sociologists known studies kind society industrial west united states principally studied american anthropologists hand tended concentrate nonindustrial societies kinds societies approached techniques data collection analysis sociologists study large scale societies extensive questionnaires means gathering quantifiable data expertise sampling statistical techniques formal methods analysis widely valued sociology
research associates gombe national park demonstrated wild chimpanzees communicate natural setting combination gestures large number distinct calls identified twenty acoustically distinct calls gombe chimps twenty carried distinct meaning evoked broad situations noted chimpanzees primates including communicate rich array facial expressions noises bodily movements gibbons macaques primates call systems communicate limited number acoustically distinct calls evoked environmental stimuli calls convey discrete messages members primate species difficult identify extent non human primate calls instinctive learned uttered macaques threatening emitted gibbons situations danger vary intensity variation intensity duration repetition call increases amount information conveyed enviromental stimulus primate calls reflect socialization genetic predisposition learning involved suggested fact primates raised automatically emit calls characteristic natural communication systems similar dr harry harlow findings experiments university wisconsin aspects monkey social behavior sexual intercourse dominance relationships develop social interaction regardless genetic learning component greater call systems calls flexible language calls automatic discrete combined
authority structure foraging societies societies horticultural end egalitarian compared human societies egalitarianism generally wanes village size population density increase cultivation foraging activities important villages small population density generally low access strategic resources age sex personality determine respect receive amount support able obtain plans decisions horticultural end villages headmen rarely authority roles assigned basis gender plant cultivating societies variable discussed chapter twelve headmen horticultural villages erroneously called chiefs chiefs exist form sociopolitical organization discussed chapter organized societies examined chapter kapauku nuer plains indians tribal societies according service main forms sociopolitical organization anthropologists identified bands tribes states looked band organization consider tribes tribal sociopolitical organization occurs horticultural pastoral strategy adaptation rarely agriculture foraging tribes typically villages descent groups discussed socioeconomic stratification class structure centralized rule absent sure means enforcing political decisions main regulatory officials limited authority village headmen big descent group leaders village councils leaders associations
owe deal knowledge group worked ethnographic studies carried polynesia especially numerous european explorations description polynesian features characterized general polynesian chiefs genealogies tracing ancestry fifty generations believed descended common founding ancestor chief demonstrate seniority descent chief depending island woman intricate calculation relative seniority areas polynesia virtually gradations rank son rank turn rank father eldest son rank children father younger brother children turn outrank brothers order birth related polynesian chiefs addressed lowest ranking person dealing relative principle determining access rank power prestige strategic resources based kinship descent calculate seniority differently shorter genealogies polynesia concern seniority absence sharp gaps elites commoners usual attributes lived kin based society chiefs expected generous generosity tribal big tribal society status big achieved
region north northwest lake victoria ecological diversity important emergence subsistence area tied amount seasonal distribution rainfall rainfall heavier evenly distributed difference permitted grow perennial crops banana closely related plantain important factor emergence important crops diet bananas plantains presented advantages harvested needed intensively cultivated agricultural crops support dense sedentary populations planted banana plantain trees yielded trees produced fruit forty sharp contrast intensive cultivation human labor investment low dependence bananas plantains eminently compatible sociopolitical system deal labor villages put higher level authorities withdrawn local subsistence pursuits part public works warfare activities cultivation women nutritional balance required bananas plantains supplemented foods sources protein profound implications development network exchange distribution emergence hunted fished sheep goats cattle fowl buffalo provide protein lake victoria fish ordinary part diet distribution fish inland peripheral areas control central administration
indian castes grouped major categories ranked relative categories found india confined regions composed large number castes region area actually intermarry potential castes single region ranked respect ranked occupational specialization serves demarcate caste community include castes agricultural workers merchants artisans priests sweepers untouchable found india includes castes ancestry ritual status occupations considered impure members higher castes consider casual contact untouchables important maintaining caste ideology sexual unions result ritual impurity higher caste partner sexual relations lower caste woman restore ritual purity bath prayer woman intercourse lower caste recourse defilement undone note women babies differences protect purity caste line ensuring pure ancestry child note indian castes groups internally subdivided groups indians expected select mate member descent group caste history elaborate ideology includes notions ritual purity contamination intricate occupational economic distinctions buttress indian caste system
significant contrasts industrial nonindustrial economies involve factors production primitive peasant societies intimate relationship worker factors production land labor technology capital industrial nations ties individuals specific areas permanent food producing societies bands territories boundaries marked enforced hunter stake game animal stalking hit poisoned arrow spear important territorial considerations animal finally dies acquires exploit band territory hunt woman gather born member band joining tie kinship marriage kinship kung women labor half diet access tract berry bearing trees specific area wild vegetation woman moves band acquire gathering area tribal societies individuals acquire rights land factors production members social groups marriage born descent group rights estate group adaptive strategy horticultural estate includes garden fallow land essential shifting cultivation virtue birth membership local group individuals spouses acquire access estate engage hunting gathering secondary economic activities members descent group access animals start herds grazing land garden land factors production states factors production unequally distributed
result economic anthropologists comparative understanding exchange systems established anthropologists populations non western cultural traditions individual behavior influenced motivations incentives considerations populations lack unitary exchange system money makes industrial understand ways institutionalized exchange systems societies assist populations adapting environments despite knowledge sociocultural factors motivate cultures produce exchange anthropologists need research designed establish firmer basis comparative study motivations total economic systems concluding chapter research problems comparative economics begun engage anthropologists mentioned signs future concerned gathering quantifiable data production distribution consumption field interested economic system studying production measured rice fields plots grew secondary crops weighed harvests able determine yields crops soil types computed nutritional food produced terms calories protein vitamins minerals observed patterns obtained information number personnel ages sex hours worked tasks involved rice cultivation basis inquiries impressionistic assessment system production ramifications rest culture
previous sections looked religious beliefs practices personnel types society showing religions differ markedly egalitarian societies seen religious beliefs help cope change welding groups larger ritual communities eventually attain political economic clout turn cultural ecology religion behavior motivated beliefs supernatural beings powers forces help survive material environments remainder concerned religion viewpoint humans biological organisms functions beliefs rituals serve adaptations human populations specific environments consider interpretations food taboos important religious prohibitions human populations interpreting native australians durkheim radcliffe brown attempted show role maintaining social solidarity aid australian populations adapting natural environment noting social groups taboos killing consuming plants animals anthropologist investigate possibility system taboos functions primitive conservation device taboos protect species danger dying annual ceremonies animals killed means reducing animal populations increase rapid investigated ecological functions test hypotheses impossible assess ecological relevance australian ecological functions contexts food taboos demonstrated
barry bacon child linked child rearing subsistence economy cross cultural basis found populations large accumulations food resources generally herders stressed responsibility obedience child rearing patterns populations food accumulation emphasized achievement competition reliance independence edgerton east africa research differentiate personalities herders irvin child especially john whiting major contributors statistical cross cultural generalizations culture personality child rearing whiting influence cross cultural studies profound theoretical assumptions briefly whiting framework cross cultural studies bears noteworthy resemblance scheme whiting child argued child training practices originate cultural maintenance systems primary institutions maintenance systems include economic social political organizations society especially patterns nourishment shelter protection similar maintenance systems produce kinds child rearing practices subsequently kinds adult personality types basic personality structures cross cultural basis personality configurations lead similar ideological projective systems secondary institutions raoul pointed explanations cultural variables provided whiting associates psychogenic explanations called regard cultural variables delayed reactions earlier experiences notably childhood
kung patricia draper illustrate degree activities spheres influence women overlap foraging economic base draper found kung male female roles interdependent interrelated gathering women amassed information movement availability game passed women worked days week spent amount camp half band remained working draper kung willing sex gathered food collected water women jobs general sharing ethos dictated distribute meat highly valued food relative scarcity diet women share beans gathered produce children sexes ages regularly played fathers took active role raising children competition aggression discouraged resources adequate draper argues interchangeability interdependence roles adaptive small groups draper research especially evaluating relationships economy sex roles included study kung field group recently adopted sedentary today thousand kung continue foraging pattern ancestors live sedentary status settlements bantu speaking food producers european ranchers draper studied sedentary kung village permanent water source sex roles kung supported herding horticulture wage bantu speakers small amount gathering rigidly defined bush
java shares brazil underdeveloped nations history socioeconomic stratification colonialism precolonial contrasts wealth power intensified dutch colonialism indonesia gained political independence netherlands internal stratification continued today contrasts wealthy government employees business large landowners poor small scale peasants present small farming communities persistence stratification village level main reasons failure java green revolution discussed programs intended improve agricultural productivity initiated early began succeed decade later college agriculture university indonesia began program students live peasant villages peasants fields observe lives problems firsthand share knowledge innovative agricultural techniques learning peasants program tremendous success yields affected villages increased half program directed department agriculture expanded universities students joined intervention programs succeeding failed agents recognized economic development rested technological change political change participants program students observe firsthand established interest groups resisted attempts peasants improve lot occasion local officials stole fertilizer destined peasant fields students threatening letter turn documented evidence crime higher level officials fertilizer returned
societies health care systems beliefs customs specialists ensure health prevent cure illness causation theories draw religious powers entities variety techniques constituting specialized medical knowledge expertise shaman cure soul loss holding ceremony lost spirit enticed body societies possibility section shaman aid especially difficult childbirth enlisting aid spirits travel woman vagina guide baby safely levi strauss shaman cure persistent cough curse removing evil substance introduced enemy believed practicing sorcery nature society disease causation theory important factor treatment strategy employed illness shamans religious specialists effective health care professionals human societies oldest profession specialized role set hunting gathering women foraging societies shaman foster anderson identify universal aspects role united states ancient hunters achieved positions specialists culturally process selection inheritance visions dream instructions training apprentice medical school eventually certified previous practitioners acquires professional image consulted public believe powers receives payment form special consideration anthropologists health care professionals believe medical system learn non western methods
conrad points anthropologists techniques study businesses institutions factories hospitals complex organizations industrial society anthropologists directly relevant social groups workers managers executives administrators nurses physicians patients research automobile factory united states canada view workers managers executives social categories participating common social system group characteristic attitudes values behavior patterns transmitted process roles learned limited social system free ranging nature ethnographic inquiry takes anthropologist worker executive viewed individual personal viewpoint worthy study cultural creature perspective extent shared members group applied anthropologists business organizations acted cultural brokers translating managers goals workers concerns members group pointing management certan plans abandoned compatible worker values social organization carol taylor recounts examples anthropologist residence hospitals complex organizations points free ranging valuable anomaly complex organization orders generally flow elaborate hierarchy ignoring hierarchy freely conversing intern orderly chief surgeon personnel director anthropologist residence obtains unique perspective problems conditions levels suggest realistic generally pleasing plans offer instantaneous translation versus say weekly memos levels
anthropologists study species beginnings million ago present anthropologists study human beings live corner earth kinds physical environments anthropologists trying project human beings live outer space interest humankind parts distinguishes anthropology scientific humanistic discipline academic disciplines human behavior studied primarily point view western society human nature thought behavior exist modern industrial nations europe united states human beings consider behavior natural common sense western economic theory human beings naturally individualistic competitive societies human beings competitive group important individual anthropologists western idea economic individual motivated profit rational interest result socioeconomic political system live behavior hunter guinea makes sure sight claim game leave hunt mead anthropology discipline concepts human nature theories human behavior based studies human groups goals values views reality environmental adaptations modern industrial western societies attempts explain human variation anthropologists combine study human biology learned shared patterns human behavior call culture
critical perspective insight behavior introducing idea human behavior learned biologically inherited anthropology hope culture introducing idea parts culture interrelated anthropology helps understand difficult area anthropological idea cultures designs living worked period helps understand resist change anthropology helps understand individuals influenced cultural pattern society anthropological perspective comparative study cultures contributes understanding contemporary social problems conflicts lead constructive ways solve problems anthropological perspective culture design living history humankind adaptation kind environment level technology due set historical circumstances outsider view society important contribution anthropology applied anthropology organized interaction professional anthropologists policy making bodies public private think applications anthropology organized involvement anthropologists anthropologists policy making administration anthropological perspective applied situation involves research intervention lives affected outcome applied anthropology developed united states emphasized distinctive cultural traditions values felt needs peoples government policies directed stressed grassroots participation planning directing lives
anthropologists interested relationship culture personality interest partly grew freudian theory partly interest relationship culture psychology formulated ruth benedict franz boas edward sapir linguist cultural anthropologist early culture personality studies test specific freudian theories non western cultures demonstrated oedipus complex defined freud sexual attachment male child mother accompanied hatred jealousy father freud believed universal exist form islands society matrilineal kinship group organized woman descendants mother brother father primary authority family incest taboos society strongest brothers sisters mothers sons boy major unconscious rivalry directed maternal uncle father early culture personality studies influenced freudian theory put emphasis childrearing practices feeding weaning toilet training margaret mead carried studies non western peoples pointed happened infant child partly accounted later personality development child handled communicated cultural patterns taught matter child weaned early late attitudes communicated process weaning difference culture personality interested influence culture personality group led abram wanted investigate ways personality types reflected patterns culture
related view united states selfishness part human nature tendency aggression innate natural human predisposition idea human species aggressive instinct comes connection warfare frequency war human history sense believe humankind aggressive warlike nature examine matter carefully shown theory hold war societies individuals individuals fight wars aggressive society insists participate degree propaganda modern warfare aggression evoked culturally means culturally approved enemy true human beings animal groups provided biological mechanism inhibits killing member species humans potential intraspecific lethal aggression denying frequently biological interpretations human aggression attractive explain simple manner behavior found western society kind explanation fails account importance cultural patterning observed looking total variety human cultures cultures organized aggression aggressive behavior severely condemned nonexistent culture malay peninsula slash burn recently dependence hunting gathering existence
vocabulary total stock words language relation culture language clearly seen vocabulary industrial society vocabulary words reflecting technological complexity specialization technologically simpler society vocabulary vocabulary cultures elaborated direction important culture philippines simple agricultural society separate words diagnosis disease society possesses thousand words plants environment eskimo words snow snow falling ground falling snow drifting snow elaboration eskimo vocabulary obvious relationship importance weather conditions survival vocabulary reflects culture perceive environment anthropologists vocabulary clue understanding experience reality cultures vocabulary anthropologists attempt native view influenced anthropologist classification system perspective studying vocabulary kinship english word brother law lumps sister husband husband brother husbands husband sisters language northern india separate terms sister husband husband elder brother husband younger brother husband sisters husbands kinship vocabulary clue nature significant family relations culture single term brother law english reflects similarity woman behavior kinship statuses
cultures studied culture project rajput caste village northern india basic principles organize indian society caste family castes groups traditionally occupations ranked superior inferior castes change position hierarchy individual move caste individual social mobility social status dependent caste born person member family group northern india family generally patriarchal means males power inheritance male line wife goes live husband home marriage family caste important arenas social religious economic activity group individual center culture society individual rarely called act independently setting group involves risk left social networks success india depends child rearing practices understood terms socially restricted lives indian villagers practices directed consciously unconsciously training child function effectively social framework family caste village aspects child rearing practices related training emotional unresponsiveness training controlling aggression assertiveness lack training reliance rajput caste claims descent ancient warrior kings india today farmers rajput dwellings village include separate quarters males females typical indian spatial configuration women quarters enclosed courtyard
tepoztlan village located miles south mexico city figure peasants tepoztlan basically grow corn ground flat cakes called tortillas mainstay traditional diet land village rocky steep forested agriculture percent villagers engage agriculture support population seek sources income working variety jobs methods cultivation tepoztlan slash burn hoe culture plow culture ideal tepoztlan land privately percent families land generally small plots tepoztlan percent land area plow oxen percent hoe culture hoe culture practiced communally owned land plow culture privately owned land plow culture requires labor considerable capital hoe culture carried families plow culture depends greater extent hired labor basic tools production plow culture plow machete hoe ax steel wooden plows cycle plow culture consists preparing land planting cultivating harvesting august rainy season land broken preparation planting steel plow single team oxen plow average fifths acre permits fields plowed planting begins early june beginning rains
sexual division labor universal characteristic human society society tasks considered women obvious basis division labor women women bear nurse children child care universal female role biological foundation physical differences women women pregnant nurse tends mobile account fact hunting large animals warfare nonindustrial societies exclusively male occupation extent biological sex differences explanation sex role differentiation matter dispute anthropologists ernestine points care small children shared older children neighbors relatives women engaged food production fathers suggests division labor society inevitable result fact women bear care children number children woman adapted division labor society role women play getting food cultural norms respect family size systems child care arranged conform women productive norms adaptation pregnancy child care anthropologists emphasize tremendous variation sex related division labor look explanations environment food getting strategy level sociopolitical complexity society foraging societies hunting individuals hunt large animals
unlike horticultural peoples kapauku share food communal basis individuals food produce act hosts rest household treated meal house reciprocate acting host turn husbands wives commonly exchange food share husbands provide pork game sugarcane bananas wives return gifts supplying sweet potatoes cultivate kapauku sound capitalists ways important differences economy society land individually owned practice kinship unit controls territory mutual affection strong sense unity territory appears denied access means subsistence grown expected gardens found exceptions gardens helped brothers received part garden produce validly sell land consent sons tries heirs repossess land giving purchase price buyer property disposed dying sons brothers fathers nephews deprived share land circumstances importance land providing basic subsistence hedging individual ownership important difference kapauku capitalism economic important difference kapauku capitalism result establishment permanently differentiated social classes
essence marriage publicly accepted relationship involves transfer rights participating parties rights primarily involve sexual access husband wife rights husband children born wife obligations children born union cared parents rights husband wife economic services marriage give families kin groups bride groom rights goods services relationships affinity symbolically expressed india family wife owes forms deferential behavior family husband true kin person girl side expected behave respectful manner person boy side transfer rights marriage accompanied exchange goods services exchange simply presents items customarily winning preserving goodwill power transfer marital rights complete transfer cases exchange goods services essential marital rights place exchange completed rights marriage forfeited kinds exchanges connection marriage bridewealth dowry bride service bridewealth bride price refers goods presented groom kin kin bride dowry rare practice found india customary europe presentation goods bride kin family groom
kinship includes relationships blood relationships marriage society formation groups regulation behavior depends extent socially recognized ties kinship kinship system refers totality relationships based blood marriage links individuals web rights obligations kinds groups formed society basis kinship system terms classify kin kinship terminology interrelationship formation kinship groups development kinship ideology behavior kin kinship terminology society anthropologists refer kinship system kinship system rests kind biological relationship kinship systems cultural phenomena ways society classifies kin cultural based scientifically accurate assessment biological ties term father refer actual biological father child refer takes responsibility child upbringing socially recognized father islands biological role male reproduction cultural recognition fatherhood established marriage father mother husband saw toda biological paternity irrelevant fatherhood established performance ritual similar cases social fatherhood counts kinship systems cultural creations wide variety ways blood marriage relatives classified societies
voluntary associations emerge newly urbanized populations serve mutual aid societies lending money members providing scholarships students arranging funerals taking care marriage arrangements urban migrants voluntary associations develop kinship tribal lines relevant traditional culture labor unions based relationships deriving economic contexts parallel traditional rural society voluntary associations help migrants adjust city living provide basis political organization interests groups newly emergent states served associations training grounds skills industrial urban contexts electing officials practice speaking group language native tongue associations award prestige based modern traditional role achievements ease transition traditional modern identities voluntary associations help members move narrow local identities based kinship village caste tribe wider identifications relevant modern nation states citizen worker urban voluntary associations based traditional statuses include tribal regional associations found west africa caste associations india kinship based associations found peoples migrated cities indonesia associations dual function hand provide continuity traditional sources identity culture socialize members city ways serving link traditional modern structures india studied voluntary association bombay formed women originally villages small towns northern india
contemporary music americas influence african tradition important rhythmic sophistication call response patterns improvisation african musical styles continued change dance cult music brazil caribbean blends hispanic styles cuba steel band music trinidad steel band instruments local invention previously unknown principle instrument construction united states blues jazz rock roll derived origins afro american music music islands polynesia shows variation common stylistic features part traditional music restricted recitations employed pitches complex manner singing shouts variations breathing significant tonal range song structure traditional chant songs consisted genealogies accounts mythological events war songs love songs number instruments small drums slit gongs bamboo pipes making rhythm dance movements audible shells animal teeth strung worn body european contact stringed instruments scarce today imported string instruments ukulele guitar popular oceania wide variety musical styles instruments course beginning science music arts represent soul cultural identity highly condensed emotional form important aspect studying music attempt understand culture
anthropologist peter cargo cults operated melanesia western culture spreading islands melanesia initially receptive western culture primarily reached trade goods called cargo english christianity introduced missionaries natives believed receive cargo riches europeans missions found accepting christianity bring cargo nearer discriminated color realized preaching western religion practice expansion plantation economy islands enthusiasm western culture began wane europeans removed villages plantations fiji australia trapped worldwide commodity market copra rubber prices wages changed month tribal peoples searched answer power white concluded rested magic basis power societies sense terms observation whites whites merely wrote secret signs scraps paper shiploads goods worked hard plainly whites knew secret cargo keeping islanders cargo cults began parts melanesia central theme cults based christian idea millenium native belief end terrible catastrophe
dramatic republic china concise view presented jack potter chinese communist part took power china overpopulated poverty stricken country percent living rural villages farms small inefficient technology changed thousand villagers meet basic needs surplus ceremonial activities funerals marriages maintain family status surplus capital landlords form fo rents exorbitant interest rates loans landlord scholar government official class dominated entire society traditionally government intervened village primary functions maintaining order collecting taxes nation exploited economically foreign powers totally disrupted japanese invasion late important basis achievement communist government reorganizing society view modernization industrialization china regain national dignity government intervened aspect peasant order control peasants mobilize interest order business land reform government supervised peasant associations land property wealthy landlords redistributed peasants destruction landlord class main buffer peasants government left open direct government intervention villages ultimate aim establishment total collectivization village process achieved stages involved reorganization peasants mutual aid teams villagers retained absolute control property worked pooling farm tools draft animals labor
january ronald reagan raised hand took oath office fortieth president united states winter sunlight backdrop stark white capitol dome president stood television cameras crowd overflowing mall swore preserve protect defend constitution united states words ritual familiar inauguration ronald reagan defeated jimmy carter symbolized ordinary change national leadership reagan philosophy varied sharply modern predecessors actor later governor california conservative republican promised approach governing america elected pledge reduce reach scope federal government daily lives americans increasing nation military strength cutting taxes themes emphasized inaugural address envisioned era national renewal government stand side ride military establishment sufficient strength prevail need extraordinary drama surrounded inauguration president vice president george bush reagan concluding inaugural address jet planes took iran carrying fifty americans held hostage country days night television viewers united states watched prisoners stopover algeria jimmy carter flew west germany greet personally reasons freeing hostages fact voters chosen conservative lead past
article vii constitution states ratification conventions states sufficient establishment constitution conventions legislatures constitution took power states framers reasoned legislatures approve constitution approved popularly elected conventions give government broad base legitimacy debate constitution soon divided participants camps antifederalists opposed federalists debate vigorous actually participated ratification process voters vote constitution choice confined selecting delegates ratifying conventions estimated persons voted delegates ratifying conventions total population historians tend pay attention federalists won opposed constitution strong case convention met complete secrecy dark conclave philadelphia independent termed constitution opponents argued extralegal framers clearly exceeded mandate congress revise articles confederation constitution included bill rights federalists argued states faced anarchy united powerful central government question raised end philadelphia convention weary delegates inclined open debate delegates felt bill rights superfluous states bills rights hamilton argued constitution bill rights struggle ratification antifederalists warned bill rights constitution individuals states protection powerful national government
presidents tend rhetoric cooperation talk federal relations clearly underlying tension competing levels government tensions arise social issues armed confrontations racial desegregation case bailout york city rooted disagreements tax revenues shared political ideological tensions look federal government solve major national social economic problems chiefly northern democrats liberal republicans tend government washington threat individual liberty initiative regard states bulwark expanding federal octopus chiefly southern democrats conservative republicans federal system viewed differently times nineteenth century concept dual federalism accepted supreme court saw referee competing power centers states federal government responsibilities orthodox view federal system prevailed deal franklin roosevelt roosevelt administration responded depression series laws establishing social welfare public works programs supreme court began holding programs constitutional federal government thrust expanded position power view federalism emerged federalism view levels government seen related parts single governmental system characterized cooperation shared functions conflict competition federal government money build major highways program administered local governments
america today infant mortality rate black nonwhite children high whites percent white adults completed college blacks percent blacks members professions compared percent whites rate black unemployment double whites percent black families income thirds whites statistical portrait sketch daily indignities rebuffs defeats black americans face decades ago author james baldwin declared brutality negroes treated country simply overstated unwilling white hear despite baldwin wrote words black citizen cases remains american society looking true black income education employment opportunities increased civil rights movement black american excellent statistical chance born ghetto living crowded substandard housing black child school largely located black neighborhood supreme court decision brown case outlawed official government backed segregation public schools school overcrowded standards public schools white neighborhoods black youth succumb rats crime heroin soul destroying forces ghetto obtain menial low paying black families buy shoddy merchandise high credit rates merchants
despite historic civil rights laws passed congress despite landmark decisions supreme court minority groups america enjoy full social economic equality blacks united states poor according federal statistics opposed eleven whites american indians disadvantaged minorities unemployment indians high expectancy low live shacks adobe huts abandoned automobiles members nation hispanic community mexican americans puerto ricans cubans persons latin american spanish origin fastest growing segment population census bureau estimated million hispanics united states estimated million illegal aliens included total higher hispanics comprise group denied full equality american society women liberation movement emerged reflected awareness women majority population group subject discrimination bias based sex built public private institutions women salaries lower performing equal rights amendment designed primarily eliminate discrimination women approved houses congress congress later extended deadline ratification amendment states short needed thirty supreme court provided evidence shifting social attitudes america strength women movement court ruled interfere woman abortion months pregnancy
suppose president united states push button morning receive scrambled eggs coffee printout summarize precise public opinion spectrum issues preceding twenty hours suppose tried tailor policies computerized intelligence bad person respond democracy supposed government president knows thinking act accordance popular bad answer president elected exercise judgment lead nation follow shifting winds public opinion satisfied president leadership decisions elect arguments merit president member congress tries lead public opinion follow president totally ignore public opinion elections hypothetical president try rule according computer printouts soon find discover policies suggested poll data failed policies soon highly unpopular modern political candidates leaders highly attuned techniques measuring influencing public opinion political polls television spot commercials professional campaign managers part efforts mass persuasion employed today techniques discussed detail chapter political leaders attempt manage public opinion manipulate favor techniques conscious symbols
nominated candidates decide precious money profitably spent richard nixon pledged candidate presidential campaign fifty states physical political cost contrast nixon moved serene pace preserved physical energies concentrated ten populous battleground states states south captured george wallace border states won general presidential candidates parties tended spend stumping pivotal big states large number electoral votes california york pennsylvania illinois ohio texas michigan television course influenced pattern political campaigning advantages offered television reaching large numbers voters reduce risk safety candidate light assassinations president kennedy attempt george wallace attempts president ford precautions candidates pressure mingle voters show person rightly wrongly presidential candidates judge personally seen audiences country rituals shopping center rallies whistle stop campaigns political candidates worry timing campaign generally speaking candidates attempt gear campaign climactic windup weeks final weeks presidential campaign airwaves saturated media blitz reagan television commercials commercials carter
studies show majority voters committed candidate advance campaign electorate decide campaign votes determine outcome election campaigns important part political process unknown presidential candidate entering primaries prove attractive demonstrate strength gain nationwide exposure media incumbent president lose election starts potential advantage opponent presidential campaign prestige power office follow president visible trappings prestige incumbent president large highly organized staff advantages white house communications facilities able dominate news taking actions president timed maximum political advantage peace pocketbook issues major importance presidential campaigns democratic candidates deal campaigned party efforts achieve social progress home area foreign affairs republicans advantage sudden foreign policy crisis personal scandal chance remark affect voter attitudes political campaigns ability political candidates reach increased numbers voters television commercials reflected dramatic rise campaign spending tv broadcasts recent elections major candidates relied large numbers television commercials message voters
democrats fought party nomination months major question facing republicans gop choose candidate advantage democrats difficulties early front runner choice party conservatives governor california ronald reagan half dozen republicans representing considerable range views issues announced seek gop nomination primaries president gerald ford hoping deadlocked convention turn plan enter primaries ford decision important turning point fight republican nominations gallup poll weeks primary showed ford virtually reagan choice republicans party nomination ford removed choice poll reagan large lead nomination ford chosen fight actively nomination battle close candidacy george bush texas received lift january bush victor iowa caucus late february reagan won primary hampshire reagan republican candidates began drop race senator howard baker tennessee john texas senator robert dole kansas withdrew march response sudden momentum reagan ford considered active candidate march ford declared actively seek nomination
presidency place paradox times office viewed powerful times powerful modern president power policy areas limited options presidency institution person institution office created constitution custom federal laws gradual growth tools presidential power person human brings imprint personality style white house presidency highly institutionalized highly personal broad historical factors combined create powerful chief executive today united states remains powerful nations president leader national leader tremendous growth government managerial role president directs huge bureaucracy finally television news media helped magnify person institution presidency president symbolic head head government authority granted constitution president runs executive branch government aid white house staff cabinet agencies executive office president president commander chief armed forces united states constitution declares congress power declare war congress intervening president decision war congress passed war powers resolution attempt limit presidential war making power presidents foreign policy direct relations united states nations
office personnel acts recruiting agency federal job information centers located states cases examinations kinds positions held civil service boards located major population areas job opens federal agency refer list names eligible persons agency selects applicant names top list agency fill job resources lists system veteran preference disabled veterans members families receive ten extra points examination scores honorably discharged veterans receive points accepted government applicants told investigation reputation character united states conducts investigations job national security area applicant access classified material fbi conducts background check government employees swear participate strike government agency government framework free join numerous unions employee organizations represent federal workers unions government workers federal local level recent advocated national law give full collective bargaining rights members number cases courts ruled position favored unions notably supreme court struck federal law extended minimum wage provisions employees local governments
position speaker provided constitution house representatives chuse speaker officers speaker number offical powers preside house recognize ignore members wish speak appoint members special select committees conduct special investigations standing committees exercise procedural controls speaker real power stems combination formal duties political leader majority party house technically speaker elected house party offering candidate practice speaker chosen start congress caucus meeting majority party past formal voting house strictly party lines majority party candidate speaker automatically won speaker chief assistants majority leader chosen party caucus majority whip appointed democratic majority leader elected case republicans majority leader party floor leader key strategist speaker members house rules committee majority leader schedules debate committee chairmen party members procedural matters majority whip number deputy whips responsible rounding party members important votes counting noses term whip comes person assigned english fox hunts hounds straying minority party elects minority leader elects appoints minority whip republican members house receive committee assignments committee committees
age science technology feel decisions affecting lives elected political leaders white coats american astronauts try land mars weapons system developed united states depend spy satellites police international agreements reduce nuclear arms answers questions president turn scientists government today complicated political leaders scientific data need policy decisions federal government spends billions dollars scientific research development fiscal billion budgeted purpose total billion military programs national aeronautics space administration accounted billion billion spent research colleges universities level spending raised questions relationship science government instance proper role science political system today critics regard science close establishment set institutions supported tax funds largely faith direct responsibility political control question universities accept government funds research restricting losing academic independence president science adviser white house adviser heads office science technology policy broad responsibility advising president scientific affairs addition national science foundation government agency established supports basic applied research federal science effort large part geared responding soviet space accomplishments launching sputnik earth satellite
late supreme court adopted laissez fair philosophy held government intervene economic affairs depression franklin deal brought change court thinking supreme court upheld government regulate wages hours working conditions police business regulating business government tools antitrust laws designed encourage competition business prevent growth monopolies justice department federal trade commission responsibility carrying antitrust policy government success preventing monopoly able prevent oligopoly american corporations increasing size diversity economic power concentrated hands large companies largest corporations united states control thirds manufacturing assets government aids business providing services direct indirect subsidies producers farmers times government direct aid large corporations financial trouble chrysler corporation american industry receives indirect aid federal trade tariff policies federal government regulates assists organized labor national labor relations act established labor collective bargaining barred employers setting company unions discriminating union workers congress enacted minimum wage maximum forty hour workweek half pay overtime outlawed child labor taft hartley act sought curb labor power shift management act defined prohibited unfair labor practices provided eighty cooling period strikes creating national emergency
metropolitan problems larger boundary lines local governments create larger political units solve problems approach logical obstacles metropolitan government reluctance suburban areas give political independence pay services residents central cities black residents cities finally achieved greater political power electing black mayors cases equally reluctant lose hardwon power metropolitan government efforts metro solutions including creation special districts handle specific functions interstate compacts area wide planning agencies consolidated school library systems informal arrangements annexation outlying areas central city consolidation cities surrounding counties tried cases found wanting approach plan adopted los county assumed responsibility area wide functions local communities retained political autonomy urban experts advocated metropolitan federalism solution toronto canada suburbs operated system mass transit planning highways functions run council elected officials central city surrounding suburbs london federated system encompassing thirty boroughs greater london florida miami dade county narrowly opted metro government plan miami twenty suburban cities retain control local functions ceded metro area wide functions fire police protection transportation political control vested elected board commissioners appoints county manager
virtually developmental scientists agree aspects development periods span important controversies rage aspects emphasized degree look briefly significant controversies developmental research focuses nature inborn capacities limitations person studies emphasize nurture person raised influence family school neighborhood culture continuing debate inherited acquired traits greater determinants human behavior called nature nurture controversy agree nature nurture essential development interaction nature nurture crucial influence individual point intelligence determined interplay heredity aspects social physical environment schooling nutrition despite acknowledgement interaction nature nurture heated arguments relative importance specific form controversy argument maturation learning caused event development maturation learning distinct processes bring course individual development maturation results aging process learning produced experience specifically maturation autonomous internal process results biochemical information transmitted individual genes key word definition autonomous means regulating unaffected learning
medical establishment ridiculed freud talking cure especially reported emotional problems caused unconscious sexual desires originated infancy patients flocked freud door cured doctors failed revealed problems fantasies freud listened interpreted formulated theory human psyche influences psychiatry psychology today freud basic ideas children sexual pleasures fantasies reach adolescence according theory infantile sexuality development occurs psychosexual stages characterized focusing sexual interest pleasure part body mouth anus penis freud contention child experiences conflicts inherent stages determines basic personality words freudian view personality essentially fixed age period sexual sexual forces dormant individual enters final psychosexual stage genital stage stage lasts adulthood freud believed parents influence crucial helping child stages psychosexual development father mother especially influential child learns regulate interplay freud saw theoretical components personality id ego superego id source unconscious impulses gratification needs operates according pleasure principle means wants satisfying enjoyable wants impatient greedy infant screaming food middle night id
simplest form heredity pair genes parent determines inherited characteristic interaction members gene pair fifty fifty gene dominates gene characteristic controlled gene happens influential gene called dominant weaker gene called recessive hundreds physical characteristics follow dominant recessive pattern let consider eye color simplify let say person inherits eye color genes parent gene brown eyes dominant gene blue eyes recessive genes blue eyes person eyes blue gene brown eyes blue person eyes brown brown eye gene dominant actuality pairs genes affect eye color shades blue green brown develop complicated laws inheritance sum total person inherits genetically genetic potential called person genotype end result interaction genes environment person actual appearance behavior called phenotype brown eyes phenotype respect trait genotypes case brown eye gene blue eye gene producing eye color brown eye genes parents offspring phenotype characteristic completely parents recessive genes
newborn important motor abilities abilities limited reflexes involuntary physical responses stimulus reflexes indicative brain maturity essential reflexes present normal full term newborns feet stroked toes fan upward reflex feet touch flat surface move walk stepping reflex held horizontally stomachs arms legs stretch swimming reflex touches palms hands grip tightly grasping reflex bangs table lying newborns fling arms outward bring chests hold cry open eyes wide reflex presence reflexes sign baby brain body functioning reflexes including disappear months premature babies develop reflexes weeks birth lose later normal sets reflexes critical survival stronger baby matures set helps newborn maintain constant body temperature infants cold cry shiver tuck legs close bodies set reflexes ensures adequate nourishment sucking reflex newborns suck touches lips fingers toes blankets rattles nipples shapes rooting reflex helps babies find nipple causing turn heads start suck brushes cheek swallowing important reflex aids feeding crying stomach empty
goes infant learns mama brings mother sounds bring results according learning theorists words phrases children learn depend type frequency timing conditioning process families reward utterance child says cookie child says ca responds yes cat families withhold rewards child word tend ignore toddler efforts communicate learning association specific reinforcement part process infant mother habitually labeled daughter girl words say handed pin pin mother process concerning parents reactions baby words researchers led linguist psychologist david biologist eric lenneberg studied infant language development discovered children attain similar language skills age despite differences cultures families native languages explains similarity suggesting human beings inborn ability learn language emphasize inborn automatic nature ability decided call language acquisition device lad obviously thinks predisposition learn language actually device located brain according innate language learning ability babies listen attentively speech sounds early weeks imitate speech sounds patterns infancy
study found important differences care home care children emotional social cognitive development instance children groups according criteria equally attached mothers authors concluded professional care carefully structured negative psychological effects al research reports confirm conclusion infants fare equally home care center apparently difference home care center care care giver infant interaction howes found mothers care workers behaved differently toddlers relationship mothers caring children home talked giving orders directions care centers workers talked children touched smiled played children social center cried home authors concluded centers homes stimulating infants infant care pleasurable infants care givers social isolated context research care mean parent young child conclude children quality daytime care important comes mother father home teacher school care certainly worse home care cases enjoyable stimulating children home care fact fathers primary care giver mean fathers unimportant
cognitive theorists piaget focus child ability understand seen preschool children egocentric able regularly person point view cognitive limitation makes impossible apply social rules consistent child cognitive abilities mature child able perspective recognize act simple moral questions olds lying olds look act lying bad sex roles develop children need realize permanently male female understand try adopt sex role behavior rigidity typical initial stages comprehension idea flexibility lawrence dorothy interviewed boys girls ages discovered orderly progression attitudes sex roles paralleled child stage cognitive development age children sex realize maleness femaleness permanent characteristics based genital differences boys think girls think daddies sexes think boys girls wore dresses girls boys hair cut short words olds confuse appearances reality connection sex roles connection conservation experiments contrast olds realize sex permanent characteristic pleased sex believe sex
symptoms minimal brain dysfunctions similar adults sustained brain damage damage structure brain instance woman brain tumor presented problem boy father thirty older mother ten younger father woman tried times adding dividing subtracting subtracting finally added subtracted correct answer difficulty sounds familiar taught fact woman disability disappeared tumor removed victims brain damage lose ability read write spell speak aspects functioning normal fact led early researchers think brain damage sustained prenatal development birth process childhood learning problems professionals believe brain dysfunction attributable injury brain common inherited difficulty brain functioning involving connections left brains sensory areas vision hearing theory plausible siblings relatives children learning disabilities learning difficulties reasons cautious organic learning disabilities difficult prove form brain damage pattern inheritance matter drug mother pregnancy disease contracted child infancy learning problem
theoretical perspectives learning theory information processing theory exception piagetian approach early education emphasis need student ready learn believe direct approach psychologists consider cognitive growth learning theory perspective believe piaget role specific teaching external reinforcement skill acquisition concept say seen result chain learned responses waiting child internal regulation produces understanding subtraction teacher give child math lessons beginning simple counting exercises adding subtracting process carefully planned child reinforced step child learn math concepts facts earlier children left discover ideas addition chiefly interested process learning learning theorists look product focus ways getting children arrive answers increasing frequency learning theorists emphasize importance correcting children mistakes rewarding accomplishments learning theorists believe facts learned repeated practice penmanship spelling math skills ensure retained later approach obviously rote learning memorizing multiplication tables developing penmanship types learning mastering scientific concepts developing reading comprehension depend child cognitive readiness think piagetian tactics
terms delineation stages moral reasoning pages adolescents capable formal operational thought capable thinking ethically level stage recognizing laws obeyed maintain social order stage recognizing laws reflect needs society stage recognizing universal ethical principles obeyed virtually age attains loftier heights moral reasoning adolescents greater percentage older al autonomous level moral reasoning stages laws longer obeyed simply laws social standards upheld simply expect idea individuals look interests hold adolescents likely younger children capable sacrificing idealistic reasoning refuse moral grounds uphold rules procedures authority figures parents clergy high school principals college deans public officials readily accept certainly historical periods adolescents reached stage moral reasoning likely disobey social legal conventions lifetime seen majority freedom marchers civil rights vietnam war protesters late adolescence argued upholding principles important social customs government decrees
societies provide avenue finding identity primarily ways providing values stood test continue serve function providing social structures customs ease transition childhood adulthood factors search identity easy difficult depends primarily agreed basic values members society social change individual witness culture virtually holds religious moral political sexual values social change slight identity easy achieve young person simply accepts values roles known contemporary societies meet conditions modern communication transportation likely young person exposed dozens conflicting values impact modern technology science generation social occur increasing rate simpler cultures especially earlier times met conditions part samoa margaret mead originally published transition childhood adulthood peaceful gradual adolescent girl differed sister physically older girls groups virtually role differences noted recent criticism mead study generated publicity invalidate basic findings mead believed easy adolescence partly family ties strong real bonds broken adolescents parents addition entire community agreed basic values sex marriage natural pleasurable thing
equal athletes late teens early twenties small physiological edge slightly older athletes distinct disadvantage sports rely abilities peak performance occurs ages flexibility slight body assets gymnastics wonder nadia comaneci won gold medals montreal olympic games age moved international competition late teens boxing basketball demanding quick reaction foot hand speed strength sports peak early sports bowling golf aim accumulated experience important power reflection ample peak late women athletes tend reach physiological prime sooner partly begin puberty sooner shown number teenage girls turned professional tennis age marathon runners instance fastest ten male runners boston marathon youngest oldest women age range speed swimming discrepancy greater female swimmers fastest age males devries athletes rest depends individual style willingness adapt changing abilities maintaining health habits rigorous training schedule enable athletes reach full potential wisdom experience help compensate physical decline reason athletes reach performance physiological peak
retirement seen opportunity develop interests discover older advantage opportunity form specific projects undertaken late adulthood vary enormously twenty adults aged older enrolled classes sort bureau census enrollment represents growing trend rise education programs designed elderly instance colleges hampshire started programs retired adults live campus classes regular college vacation periods similar programs campuses country butler lewis imaginable kind study engaged elderly likely younger adults study literature history art religion cross noted previous chapter older citizens express cultural interests taking paintbrush pen musical instrument hand spend considered practical arts gardening carpentry needlework cooking noted young look activities mere puttering recognizing tasks live labor intensive societies practical interests elderly lead careers gardener caterer quilt maker notable albeit unusually successful activity colonel sanders forced close motel fried chicken restaurant age change road put miles main highway
days young reason respect elders elderly political power share land inherited offspring specifically named father elderly venerated reasons alleged virtue thought god gave soon independent according fischer united states entered period increasing fear aging major reasons political ideology nation stressed equality seniority expanding frontier allowed young vigorous strike horace advised west young west suggesting shift power wealth age youth end nineteenth century increasing industrialization urbanization enabled young adults escape control parents ways getting jobs dwelling places beginning twentieth century employment land ownership provided wealth employers hired young retired increasing numbers aged dependent children society survival eventually elderly perceived social problem negative attitude landmark book robert butler titled survive growing america quotes report written experts rand corporation asked united states government suggest policies adopted event nuclear war
london dedicated woman named saunders opened hospice place terminally ill die peace hospice concept successfully realized spread countries including united states operational hospice programs butterfield conceived response typical hospital death hospices provide dying skilled medical care includes pain killing medication artificial support systems setting dignity human beings respected told atmosphere hospice friendly dormitory hospital patients wear clothes move choose talk staff volunteers visitors encouraged night close friend family member called lay primary care giver present responsible routine care arrangement makes dying person feel helps care giver involved excluded hospital settings hospice staff direct care patient patient family death comes staff continue tend family psychological needs hospices provide patient patient care person wants die home surrounded family medical psychological support hospice concept accepted uncritically marx critics question addictive pain killers heroin routine practice british hospices illegal united states
seventeenth eighteenth centuries concern childhood separate stage slowly begin europe north america rousseau popularized sentimental view childhood theories education concerned promoting children moral intellectual development protecting evils corruptions adult society preserving virtues schools increasingly graded age larger proportion children ages fourteen deliberately segregated schools average length schooling number children received formal education increased historical evidence clear change economic philosophical roots childhood separate stage large numbers entered middle class amount leisure increased rate infant mortality decreased middle class prospered need children order ensure family economic survival lowered rate childhood mortality meant children live reach puberty parents devote cautiously child mercantile capitalism required large portion citizenry literate fluent numbers economic demands led children schools economic philosophical analysis childhood gradually emerged centuries influenced understanding relationship social cultural change psychological development spoke changing concepts childhood experience child changed centuries infanticide common babies birth defects girl babies illegitimate infants killed allowed die survivors died age
relatedness increases correlation iq scores increases notice table correlations siblings brothers sisters correlations fraternal twins twins developed separate egg cells expected average siblings fraternal twins share half genes identical twins twins developed split single female egg cell identical genetic ups iqs show higher correlations mother father share half genes children correlation parents children siblings fraternal twins iq scores directly related degree genetic relatedness evidence allow say genetic primary determinant person intellectual ability relatedness individuals increases similarity environment live unrelated children reared share common environment correlation iq scores essentially brothers sisters share environment born times subjected unique experiences environments identical addition identical twins look alike parents likely treat alike fraternal result interpret evidence presented table simply indicating iq scores similar environments similar trying discover genetic differences affect intellectual ability compare iq scores related individuals live environment rest live environments
classical conditioning ignores consequences person responses central concern form conditioning learning process describes effects rewards punishment called operant conditioning instrumental conditioning basic kind learning skinner frequency response result reinforcement reinforcers concrete rewards money toys candy intangible affection praise attention satisfaction comes completion difficult task boy receives reward candy social approval immediately responds likely repeat response candy praise acts reinforcement child reward punished repeat response responses reinforced decrease frequency eliminated extinguished skinner emphasized effects consequences behavior saying person behavior explained genetic endowment past history present situation hall skinner presented theory development sidney donald approach seeing developing child interrelated cluster responses stimuli child environment interacting continuously child development consists progressive ways interaction result opportunities circumstances children start school environment home ways interacting shift dramatically application operant principles remarkably successful changing kinds behavior overeating disrupting classroom teaching students read
hours infant sensitive period parents find easiest attached baby infant side delivery room mother generally touches baby skin establishes eye eye contact behavior initiate maternal bond john diana marshall klaus noted babies born ill small dates intensive care mother baby relationship suffer babies say show higher average incidence neglect child abuse speculate early separation mother infant disrupt weaken bonding process pointing ten studies shown early contact affects development bond swedish study mothers held naked newborns thirty minutes birth breast fed babies longer mothers control group months compared half months found adaptation babies easier displayed affection observation period babies mothers extended early contact cried smiled babies mothers control group early contact appears strengthen bond baby father swedish fathers undressed infants days established eye eye contact extended period occasion spent caring babies months fathers lacked experience lind group poor city mothers extended contact babies hospital likely let month infants cry reluctant leave sitter mothers extended contact al
motor abilities physiological growth develop pace early infancy ability perform motor functions muscular development highly correlated repeated observation correlations led researchers look brain development internal growth related physical growth motor development birth baby brain reached percent adult weight size attain percent size increased growth due part increases size shape supporting glial cells bullock part due development individual neurons protein synthesized small fibrous structures increased number complexity connections neurons add brain growth continued formation myelin neural fibers course growth genetically fixed proceeds orderly patterned major pathways connect parts nervous system brain responsible sustenance fully functional birth neural circuits develop cells show variety shape size conducting fibers small short keeping nature blueprint region brain eventually characterized specific types cells arranged specific patterns connecting fibers spread distance cells infant cortex surface layers brain percent cerebral hemispheres increases enlarged surface cortex continues fold increasingly wrinkled rose extensive rapid growth infancy baby central nervous system plastic later
explorations babies learn deal sense touch grasp objects try suck pleasure sucking information form texture hardness taste object touch taste receptors mouth parts babies sucking objects run fingers surfaces crevices objects squeezed crushed thrown babies recognize objects touched seen carl ten month babies dark room gave wooden rings wooden crosses play babies handled minutes objects removed babies dark handed object half received shape handled half received shape handled babies shape explored earlier handled significantly shorter period babies strange shape apparently babies recognized object previously explored hands mouths senses healthy infant function isolation senses motor abilities gibson babies tireless handlers objects study eyes fingers jean piaget shown part infant construct notions objects terms combined touchable characteristics
study clarke stewart infants mothers likely initiate physical contact twelve month sons daughters children eighteen months mothers likely touch daughters infants gender age related pattern seeking physical contact mothers mothers offspring change consisted solely drop mother son contact mother daughter contact remained steady additional differences parental behavior turned study beverly observed families child discovered parents rewarded punished sons daughters differently behavior girls encouraged played blocks girls tended discouraged manipulated objects result boys explored physical freely girls criticized girls encouraged helpers ask assistance tried things parents unaware training daughters dependent sons independent part infants begin learn gender labels apply eighteen months generally relying hair clothes cues identify females pictures girl mommy pictured models short hair wear pants spencer thompson found olds sure sex sort pictures stereotypical males females correctly gender pictures answer correctly asked girl boy
baby play purely physical repetition movement solely pleasure brings pleasure repeated movement dominates running jumping physical exuberance young children continue adulthood child swings rolls hill sensation adult skis dances involved gymnastics maturation practice imposition rules physical play hopscotch soccer schoolchildren rock climbing tennis adults development motor skills important understanding physical play effects growing child child skill running jumping manipulating objects competing peers games depends physiologically based factors strength speed coordination ages eleven children strength tends double important play boys girls individual differences strength factor boys play age boys proficient girls play requires strength throwing ball distance girls age skillful activities demand power strength remains difference sexes ten children study boys proficient girls play required superior strength arms legs kicking soccer ball throwing baseball distance events diverse jumping reaching standing twenty yard dash throwing ball accuracy girls boys speed important play children major factor speed reaction interval elapses instant stimulus presented individual reaction
related young child apparent tendency ascribe thoughts feelings inanimate objects aspect children thought reflected notions purposes activities things dreams night sun moon clouds mountains rivers sun moon follow young child david believe tends think things believe perceive sun moon young child believe purpose mountains worldly objects utility knows children egocentric recognize mountains distinct physical objects fall comes ascribing meaning objects level thought affects young child view reality monique investigated ideas children dreams clear difference kinds answers preschoolers hand olds half olds believed dreams originate external source place front dreamer wall pillow logically believed eyes open dreamed dream eyes closed olds dreams overwhelming response dreams originate occur inside individual seen
children extreme difficulty learning read write spell considered developmental dyslexia children boys problem lack intelligence talk recognize numbers understand mathematics science history children trouble connecting written symbols sounds symbols stand reason difficulty sounding word letters learn read word separately gardner dyslexic children persist trying read left left confuse letters similarly constructed differ orientation studies dyslexic chidlren process information slowly normal children sylvia reviewed research dyslexia reports slowness shown studies visual auditory perception memory coordination information order identify single letter normal children typically need microseconds dyslexic children need microseconds appears children pick letters line print slowly letter recognized pushed working memory part problem connecting sight sound lie speed children process sounds dyslexic children discriminate speech sounds artificially slowed children suggests registered learned stored portions syllables
empathy vicarious identification emotions altruism impossible child develop responses child unlikely develops empathy berg child generous helpful course generous helpful acts reward conform rule definition developmental psychologists believe empathy develops conditioning child comes associate pain distress painful past experiences psychologists agree stress importance children understanding development empathy goes situation order condition empathy similar emotions aroused child person addition child action give person pleasure end distress james bryan explains empathy established act makes person joyful creates joy child reinforces child acts motivates perform elizabeth bryan bryan conditioned primary school aged girls female experimenter express joy hug prizes donated supposition girls feel happy empathize experimenter obvious pleasure girls hugged joyful experimenter likely girls hugged sacrifice prizes experimenter stopped hugging expressing joy girls later larger anonymous donations poor children girls
fifty ago conducted landmark study consistency moral conduct disappointed divide moral immoral course research tested thousands children types moral conduct cheating lying stealing contexts tests games contests widely varied settings home church playground found children moral opinions judgments expressed questionnaire remained consistent provided questionnaires administered setting setting moved church clubhouse correlations scores tests dropped drastically making children basic moral codes changed situation changed children moral behavior consistent statements morality found children cheat knowing child cheated situation predict child cheat expediency appeared determine child decision cheat safe easy cheat appeared children cheated approved cheating child likely cheat classrooms children cheated cheated appeared child cheats classroom necessarily child tells lies child lies teacher child lies peers finally relationship children statements morality actual behavior virtually nonexistent results convinced foolish try categorize children adults moral immoral
middle aged adults likely young adults adopt nontraditional conscious choice simply continue nontraditional lives adopted single adult married adult middle middle aged single prefer married death divorce leaves considerable number partners finally middle aged actively seek alternatives traditional marriage extramarital relationships marry forty choose marry number homosexual women stay single rejected idea marriage simply unable find permanent partners reason percent middle aged women married unmarried tend lower incomes occupations married counterparts married women likely incomes educated disparity adds problem single woman wants marry tend marry middle find unexpected death spouse living death stressful middle aged simply death occurs soon anticipated fiske older widows adjust easily role younger widows part older companions middle aged woman loses husband feels isolated friends occupied husbands move society couples
major characteristic social older older completely isolated satisfaction depend quality quantity social interaction connor powers pass age seventy increasingly isolated older women generally isolated sixty continue participate political process older vote middle aged eighty reach age participation drops percent percent women eighty voting national elections compared percent percent women seventies older adults actively discuss political issues informed watch news television read newspapers glenn older organized wield considerable political power recently groups gray panthers national council senior citizens begun exert sophisticated political pressure primarily specific issues affect directly mandatory retirement social security benefits local taxes older report fewer friends younger friends die move find difficult according marjorie lowenthal associates qualities important sustaining friendships early play major role friendships older adults compatibility companionship shared experiences able depend help support
experience death close contemplate deaths feel emotions fear anger sadness loneliness helplessness resentment inevitability finality attitudes death meaning change span twentieth century western attitudes death past centuries today tend believe western cultures felt death intensive study records convinced nineteenth early twentieth centuries created myths death attributing recently developed ideas remote origins believes relationship general attitudes death feelings awareness individuality attitudes continue shift according experience death predominantly christian society changed middle ages progressing stages tame death death remote death death invisible death era tame death characterized middle ages death regarded misfortune frightening necessity expected accepted sudden death sleep violence truly fearful calmly contemplated imminent deaths dead merely slept coming christ redeemed lived midst death graveyard attached church center public activity serving fairground public meeting place site administrative tribunal wealthy buried common pits bodies decayed skeletons dug room bodies
institutions assumptions outlined idealized capitalist system characterize american economic system characteristics economy advanced economies examined involve large capital base high degree specialization extensive money reasons american workers highest paid capital capital worker country greater think capital think open hearth furnaces gary indiana pittsburgh pennsylvania cleveland ohio think huge railroad yard chicago think buildings middle city office workers stopped thinking examples capital touched tip capital iceberg capital includes unused raw materials unsold products producers hand equipment country point remember scarcity constraint productive resources limited choices decide goods produce resources purposes choices goods consume directly called consumer goods food clothes cars consume indirectly called capital goods machines plants equipment acts consumer consumer goods hand capital goods machines factories trucks ships consumer goods referred
january eighteenth amendment united states constitution put effect prohibited manufacture sale transportation intoxicating liquors importation thereof thereof united states beverage purposes eighteenth amendment legislative attempt eliminate supply alcoholic beverages sides coin law effective enforcement congress aware eighteenth amendment ratified states national prohibition act volstead act passed enforce amendment section act tried prevent trade liquor making illegal manufacture sell barter transport import export deliver furnish possess intoxicating liquor legislation attacked demand side alcohol question making possession illegal passage eighteenth amendment business entered liquor business thought large profit distilling importing exporting wholesaling retailing alcoholic beverages line commercial endeavor cost involved distilling wholesaling bourbon bourbon distillery consisted distilling blending bottling plants plant contained highly specialized equipment stainless steel tanks mash heated convert starch sugars cypress wood fermenting vats large patent column stills charred white oak barrels aging owner pay equipment pay employees amount earn working similar job bourbon manufacturer sell product wholesalers retailers manufacturer wanted eliminate middleman bottles whiskey provided familiar labels customers identify brand spirits
supporters price system base support key aspects freedom efficiency price system places emphasis individual personal freedom coordination social organization price system require central direction force governmental authority price system type spontaneous coordination mechanism adam smith invisible hand price system permits freedoms choice enterprise individuals free interest contemporary champions price system laid normative argument clearly effective freedom exchange maintained central feature market organization prevents person interfering respect activities consumer protected coercion seller presence sellers deal seller protected coercion consumer consumers sell employee protected coercion employer employers market impersonally centralized authority price system leads technical economic efficiency competition firms forces choose cost production techniques avoiding waste absence restraints imperfections system find maximum economic obtained set resources point proponents price system harnessing interest order provide society greatest output desired goods additionally price system leads automatic transfer resources lower higher
concept circular flow income ignoring taxes involves principles economic exchange seller receives exactly amount buyer spends goods services flow direction money flows simple economy shown exhibit businesses households assumed businesses sell entire output immediately households households spend entire income immediately consumer products households receive income selling factors production labor services remember chapter listed factors production labor capital land entrepreneurship exhibit profit cost production impression profits part cost producing goods services profits part cost entrepreneurs rewarded providing services won provide reward profit reward profit included cost factors production expectations profit entrepreneurs incur risk organization productive activities consider profits cost business arrow goes businesses households exhibit words national income definition national income answered total individuals income income actually payment wages paid labor services rent paid land interest paid capital profits paid entrepreneurs
investment remember defined expenditures plant capital equipment business inventories exhibit gross private domestic investment united states extremely volatile look net private domestic investment investment depreciation deducted depths depression peak war ii effort figure negative words eating capital stock maintaining replacing depreciated equipment compare investment expenditures historically consumption saving expenditures find variable answer investment decisions businesspeople based highly variable subjective estimates economic future looks discussed role expectations determining position consumption function expectations play greater role determining position investment function account instability investment chronic instability difficult derive satisfactory theory planned investment expenditures detailed knowledge investment consumption saving nonetheless attempt construct investment function reasonable assume cost obtaining investment funds investment expenditures important determinant investment firm enters credit market obtain money capital investment expenditures pay market rate interest higher rate interest greater cost explicit implicit firm undertaking investment
level income resulting level employment lower higher answer questions construct model income employment determination employ relationships developed chapter construct aggregate demand schedule leaving government foreign dealings construct aggregate supply schedule find equilibrium determined hint follow pages chapter discussed circular flow pointed circular flow income product equilibrium planned expenditures equal total national product order equilibrium occur planned saving equal planned investment case unplanned inventories unplanned shrinkage expansion circular flow ideas theory national income employment determination chapter established term aggregate analysis adjective describes quantity total economy wish talk total planned expenditures buyers economy words aggregate demand note word demand referring planned expenditures problems similarly defined demand chapter demand schedule relates planned purchases relative prices wish construct aggregate demand schedule curve function entire economy
assume workers fooled actual rate inflation percent actual real wage rate increase approximately equal percent nominal increase minus percent actual rate inflation receiving expected real wage increase percent workers receive real wage increase percent means employers granting lower real wage rate increase expected percent actual rate inflation happen employers profits assumption prices goods percent means total revenues assuming change quantity demanded percent total cost taking account percent productivity increase reason expected percent real wage increase place labor costs risen percent employers real profits increased expense employees real income quantity labor demanded rise real wage rate employers expected remember demand curve labor downward sloping demand curves real wage rate price labor lower anticipated quantity labor supplied decrease workers fooled reduction real wage rate basically workers fooled accepting lower real wage rates anticipated employers higher profits demand workers employment increases stated unemployment falls reasoning phillips curve trade unemployment inflation ask happen actual rate inflation fully anticipated moment
country bank accounts businesses periodically expropriated government willing leave money savings account invest business certainly willing things occurred periodic expropriation private property rarely occurs developed countries occurred numerous developed countries private property nationalized chile cuba cases owners compensated rarely full property empirically seen things equal private property rights private capital accumulation willing invest money spend endeavors increase wealth future property rights wealth sanctioned enforced government fact economic historians attempted show development defined private property rights allowed western europe increase growth rate centuries stagnation degree certainty reap gains investing determines extent businesspersons countries invest capital ldcs threat nationalization hangs latin american nations prevents foreign investment allow nations developed ldcs governments established specific development plans specific targets goals economy cases purpose plans allocate resources achieve rapid rate economic growth capital allocated specific purposes encourage development defined sectors economy industry education agriculture
rent control york city argue order provide low cost housing city residents contend rent control creates problems solves issue hand turns concern run price elasticity supply housing tell story help describe briefly market adjusts supply demand short run run short run mean period short building housing units mean supply perfectly answer higher price housing encourage homes housing units willing rent part units short run elasticity supply shift demand reflecting york city wartime sudden increase number seeking apartments lead sharp rise price increase quantity units consequence run set motion forces equilibrium heart market system works sharp rise price apartments makes attractive invest money building housing additionally land change rents higher profitability putting high rise apartment buildings numerous rental units increases relative profitability putting smaller buildings fewer rental units
wish define product differentiation fact remains separate differentiated product numerous close substitutes clearly impact price elasticity demand facing individual firm remember discussed determination price elasticity demand mentioned determinant availability substitutes greater number substitutes things equal greater price elasticity demand words consumer vast array alternatives product study small increase price product lead consumers switch close substitutes ability firm raise price price close substitutes small extreme case perfect competition substitutes perfect dealing undifferentiated product case remember pure competition individual firm faces horizontal perfectly elastic demand curve defined industry collection firms producing homogeneous commodity difficult maintain definition industry talk terms differentiated products firm distinct product industry describe industry differentiated product firm produces chamberlin sought solve problem lumping firms producing closely related products called product groups product groups mind breakfast cereals automobiles toilet paper hand soap monopolistic competition differs perfect competition sales promotion individual firm perfectly competitive market advertise
turner attempt sherman act prosecute suggests remedy breaking firms smaller units special legislation section sherman act prohibits attempts monopolize turner thought charge jointly monopolizing markets legal scholars agree turner conclusions professor law richard points oligopoly monopoly condition successful price fixing sufficient condition contends vital difference formal cartels tacit agreements simply easier conceal section sherman act deter collusion increasing cost tacit overt according punished equally points problem proposal applying section tacit collusion proving enforcement antitrust laws uneven course spectacular cases brought won government case electrical companies conspiracy early sherman act allow government break standard oil trust government broke american tobacco company additionally argued antitrust laws effective preventing enforcement contracts existence antitrust laws makes hard prevent cheating cartel members governmental efforts prevent problems monopoly concentrated preventing mergers merger occurs companies join legal entity today large firms seek permission justice department merging
analyze problem discrimination women assume moment male employers tastes discrimination merely polite say let assume male employers male employer tastes discrimination compensated hire female worker easiest compensated female offer services wages demanded male counterparts pay sexist male employers essentially demand schedules workers women exhibit upper line depicts demand schedule lower line depicts demand schedule women reflects male employers discriminatory preferences pay workers hour employer willing hire women male employer hire women compensated women hour differential assumed solely due male employers tastes discrimination graphic analysis presented assumed differences wages women due sexist behavior male employers begin analysis assumption discrimination wage differentials allow possibility factors determine wage differences increasingly large numbers economists devoted research sex discrimination problem professor victor stanford university careful analysis census population housing
pure gold standard nations currencies tied directly gold nations operating gold standard agreed redeem currency fixed amount gold request holder currency gold necessarily means exchange trade unit currencies gold standard pegged currencies system linked gold exchange rates currencies fixed let confine discussion countries let assume americans buy french wine french buy american blue jeans assume united states dollar pegged rate ounce gold assume french pegged franc rate franc ounce gold equals ounce gold franc equals ounce gold equals franc means exchange rate francs dollars fixed franc let assume fixed exchange rate quantity foreign exchange demanded equal quantity supplied suppose inflation raises french prices percent words bottle wine costs francs inflation costs francs fixed exchange rate americans find wine priced higher demand smaller amount americans supply fewer dollars foreign exchange market demand fewer francs hand relative price blue jeans lower french
order understand deficits increase reserves consider country united states britain consider situation british pound undervalued means britain running balance payments surplus order price pound relative dollar constant bank england buy dollars foreign exchange market pay dollars simply creates british money expands british money supply eventually inflation eliminate surplus continuing growth reserves implies bank england sterilize purchases dollars sufficiently maintain balance payments surplus words bank england wants maintain undervalued pound engage open market sales bonds domestic economy reduce reserves consider bank england dollar purchases option purchase gold united states price ounce united states obligated sell gold reserves member countries ths action increase total reserves increase british reserves offset drop reserves hand bank england holds dollars reserves dollars purchased simply printing british money purchasing gold united states total reserves increase britain reserves reserves basically european central banks hold reserves form dollars gold
influential disciple marx thought vladimir ilyich lenin able lead russian revolution marxism lenin spent analyzing imperialism called highest stage capitalism stage capitalist economies completely dominated monopolies marx predicted lenin considered monopolies industries dominated cartels trusts firms lenin experience germany happen monopoly capitalism according lenin capitalist countries monopolized governments fight gain access protected markets boundaries try partition markets international cartels competition rear ugly head national conflicts wars inevitable result lenin stated epic newest capitalism shows relations established capitalist combines based economic division parallel connection relations established political alliances states basis territorial division struggle colonies struggle economic territory lenin apparently politician writer help leon trotsky lenin bolsheviks obtained power moderate regime recently overthrown monarchy called ten days shook trotsky trained organized army revolutionary forces took town town civil war ensued bolshevik communist party red army white russian opponents white army
abundant evidence stable response patterns human behavior regularity things observed ask theory attempts explain theory able predict unobserved events national income theory predicts increase government budget deficit increase rate inflation simple theory market behavior predicts conditions introduction tax commodity accompanied increase price commodity price increase amount tax lets predict partial failure potato crop total receipts earned potato farmers rise theories explaining observed phenomena successful theory enables predict consequences occurrences observations concern consequences events explanation whatsoever events linked theoretical construction theories impose order observations explain seen linked theories shapeless mass meaningless observations choice theory observation worse theories explain observations case increase interest rates reduction borrowing corporations practical person think link obvious sense nonetheless requires theoretical construction events linked theory corporate managers trying try assumption managers behavior achieve goals
black portion figure focuses firms households sets markets factor markets product markets decisions firms households coordinated consider households members households want commodities fed clothed housed entertained healthy secure want commodities educate beautify amuse households varying amounts resources attempt satisfy wants wants satisfied resources households forced choices goods services buy product markets offer myriad ways spend incomes signals households respond product market prices set prices households set choices aggregate affect prices prices serve signals firms goods profitably provide technology cost factors firms choose products produce sell ways producing quantities qualities supply firms affect prices firms buy factors production quantities demanded depend firms production decisions turn depend consumers demands demands factors turn affect prices labor managerial skill raw materials buildings machinery capital land factors households owners factors possess skills provide factor services respond factor prices choices offer services choices determine factor supplies affect factor prices payments firms factor owners provide owners factors incomes
suppose fall supply farm crop leftward shift supply curve parts figure show leftward shift demand curves effects equilibrium price quantity difference policy significance consider happen government persuaded farmers produce crop pay subsidy farmers growing crop government successful price product increase quantity farmers willing produce supply curve product shift visualized parts figure assuming supply curve shifts figure illustrates case quantity consumers demand sensitive price extra production brings price quantity demanded responsive small change price restore equilibrium effect government policy achieve large increase production sales commodity small decrease price figure ii shows case quantity demanded unresponsive price increase supply original price surplus brings price quantity demanded consumers increase response fall price price continues drop discouraged lower lower prices farmers reduce quantity supplied nearly level attained received increased incentive produce
profits innovation depend things tax laws regulatory requirements innovators allowed reap large gains successful innovations likely risks innovating innovation encouraged investment tax credits strong patent laws low tax rates government subsidies government assisted discouraged regulatory burdens environmental impact statements safety regulation hassles delays involved meeting government requirements regulatory commissions limit entry fields innovative firm chance profit aspect institutional climate arises desire citizens rich country protect workers firms harsh forces economic competition rigors marketplace force productivity improvements essential survival protecting firms remove incentives foreign competition threatens domestic firms spur adopt efficient techniques restrictions competition remove need incentive innovations believe institutional climate united states increasingly hostile private innovation sixties seventies high taxes government regulation economic protection added forces inhibiting innovation growth factors partly explain decline expenditures percent national income percent percent observers saw signs dismal productivity performance previous decade reversed professor john kendrick george washington university leading authority productivity confidently forecast coming rebound productivity partly result america adapting higher energy prices changing labor force composition composition output partly result supportive climate reagan administration
practice alternative measures widely concentration ratio shows fraction total market sales controlled largest group sellers common types concentration ratios cite share total market sales largest firms concentration ratios measure effective monopoly power matter substantial debate economists problem define market reasonable accuracy concentration ratios national cement sales low market power cement companies heavy transportation costs divide cement industry series regional markets firms discuss problems market definition chapter problem interpretation concentration ratios adequate proxies intensity competition clearly market share measure potential power control supply set price inclusion concentration ratios market shares firms rests possibility large firms adopt common price output policy policy adopt fact unified management common behavior occur actual agreement agreement actually occurs lawyers speak conscious parallel action economists tacit collusion referring parallel behavior results concentration ratios measure actual exercise monopoly power collusion overt tacit occurs high concentration ratios exercise monopoly power sufficient tend show potential monopoly power necessarily actuality
assume barber shops freedom entry qualifies set barber assume going price haircuts price barbers believe income low barbers hold meeting decide form trade association agree points barbers city join association abide rules barbers meet professional qualifications required join association allowed practice trade association recommend price haircuts barber undercut barbers intend raise price haircuts order raise incomes called consulting economist advise probable success plan suppose persuaded organization requisite strength enforce price rise say predictions consequences need distinguish short run run effects increase price haircuts short run number barbers fixed short run answer depends elasticity demand haircuts demand elasticity total expenditure haircuts rise incomes barbers demand elasticity exceeds barbers revenue fall need empirical knowledge elasticity demand haircuts suppose basis evidence estimate elasticity demand relevant price range predict barbers successful raising incomes short run
important source funds established firm plowing firm profits easiest ways firm raise money retain profits pay dividends reinvestment extremely important source funds modern times billion plowed firms shareholder wish profits reinvested sell stock invest company policy paying larger fraction dividends household buys shares newly issued company hands money company owners household money company unlikely event company liquidated household wishes money persuade buy shares company similarly household buys bond company money company date bought bond bond redeemed company loan paid wish money sooner sell bond organized market stocks bonds bought sold stock market securities market markets include known york stock exchange american stock exchange network counter markets handled brokers specialists selling existing shares stock market company existing ownership transferred company raising money public
major resource availabilities surely occur economies decades products inputs techniques devised cope vast market economy individuals risk money hope earning profits possibility tends explored fail succeed products processes continually disappear passing fads impact items major significance market system works trial error sort market system allocates resources prove successful innovations contrast centralized systems guess going productive innovations wanted products planned growth achieve wonders permitting massive effort chosen direction central planners guess wrong put eggs wrong basket reject unpromising turn vital market system tends drive prices average total costs production markets close competitive occurs quickly completely substantial market power occurs products producers respond lure profits output drives prices costs production private costs firms reflect social costs society advantage relative prices reflect relative costs market choices light social opportunity costs firms choose methods valuable resources methods valuable resources households choose commodities valuable resources produce commodities valuable chosen commodities correspondingly margin
government services tend labor kind productivity increased rapidly cost cost unit output risen national average output hour manufacturing risen percent decade size beat covered police officer number students taught schoolteacher number families handled effectively social worker risen proportion wage levels tend rise national average productivity costs services sectors productivity growth low soared forces lead inevitably crisis estimated average local expenditures risen times rate increase national income rising quantities rising unit costs government services local government expenditures rise revenues eventually city reserves reverse decline help default obligations interrelated processes urban decay movement cities begun city passed point help massive dosage money help city recognizes recover tax base annex suburban areas escaped city problems reject overtures annexation political influence government sufficient prevent forced annexation city unable solve problem tries persuade federal government channel funds substantial funds required simply maintain status quo compete demands public budgets
spontaneous cyclical reduction aggregate demand occur reasons outlined chapter reduction income potential level rise price level possibility happens quickly possibility job inflationary gap fairly rapid effect raising wages input prices shifting curve upward government raising taxes cutting spending force aggregate demand sufficiently remove inflationary gap advantage approach avoids inflationary increase prices accompanies method disadvantage private sector expenditures fall risks pushing income potential level inducing recession opening large gnp gap major fiscal tools classified ways important classification based division automatic discretionary tools result factors discussed chapter aggregate demand aggregate expenditure functions continually fluctuating stabilization policy fine tuning economy require policy changing conscious fine tuning policy impossible throw hands say fiscal policy face major lived inflationary deflationary gaps fortunately adjustment fiscal policy changing economic environment automatically called built built stabilizer reduces marginal propensity spend national income reduces multiplier built lessen magnitude fluctuations national income caused autonomous expenditures investment
basic unit american banking system ordinary commercial bank privately owned profit seeking institution commercial banks common attributes hold deposits customers permit deposits transferred check individual account accounts held bank country loans households firms invest government securities common features holding demand deposits distinguish commercial banks financial institutions perform functions institutions credit unions savings loan associations mutual savings banks accept deposits grant loans specific purposes finance companies loans households practically purpose post office western union transfer money american express issue travelers checks credit card companies extend credit purchases buy pay later basis commercial banks differ ways large bank america deposits excess billion small located big cities small towns hold charters federal government national banks governments banks nearly percent commercial banks including larger members federal reserve system national banks members bank join system agreeing abide regulations banks indirectly tied system invariably correspondents larger member banks
central bank sells security household firm receives return buyer check drawn deposit commercial bank central bank presents check private bank payment payment book entry reduces private bank deposit central bank case opposite shown table central bank reduced assets security sold reduced liabilities form deposits commercial banks household firm increased holdings securities reduced cash deposit commercial bank commercial bank reduced deposit liability household firm reduced reserves deposit central bank amount asset balanced liability change balances commercial bank finds suffering equal change reserves deposit liabilities ratio reserves deposits falls consider bank million deposits backed million cash fulfillment percent cash reserve ratio result fed open market sales worth bonds bank loses deposits reserves reserves deposits million making reserve ratio percent banks reserve ratios driven minimum requirement steps restore reserve ratios reduction deposits accomplished making investments redeemed granting loans repaid selling liquidating existing investments
keynesian theory assumes consumption expenditure related current income predicts change consumption expenditure cases permanent income theories relate actual consumption permanent income predict actual consumption case case small increase actual annual consumption large increase permanent income theories change current income thought temporary small effect permanent income actual consumption according permanent income cycle hypotheses actual consumption affected temporary income mean aggregate expenditure affected necessarily consider happens households temporary increase incomes actual consumption greatly affected households saving increase point view theories households save buy durable buy financial asset stock bond cases actual current consumption changed spending temporary increase income bonds cars consistent makes deal difference short run behavior economy households buy stocks bonds aggregate expenditure produced final goods rise income rises temporarily households buy automobiles durable consumer aggregate expenditure produced final goods rise income rises temporarily
demand component explanation inflation inflation occur national income exceeded inflation quickly removed forcing income prediction emphatically rejected recent experiences united states western economies explain observe inflation add concept core inflation core inflation refers underlying trend inflation referred names core inflation inflation inertial inflation underlying rate inflation text singled expectations main influence price level addition demand saw expectations formed major source controversy economists controversy actually runs deeper question explicit expectations future inertia based past experience dominates wage settlements past experience matter recent wage increases failed price increases circumstances current wage settlements catch component reasons general term core inflation describe persistent effects depend current demand conditions include expectations elements stem forward backward looking behavior elements change quickly slowly total influence point summarized term core inflation core inflation operates curve effects wages costs core inflation related expected future wage capital costs firms plan change prices infrequently set prices basis expected costs planning period
adjustable peg system leads situations speculators presented bets situations increasing chance exchange rate adjustment direction chance movement direction speculators opportunity secure large potential gain potential loss soon speculative crises need adjust fundamental downfall system woods system worked reasonable nearly beset series crises increasing severity reflected system underlying weaknesses british economy inflation prone economy british balance payments generally satisfactory holders sterling reason worry british government able maintain pledge sterling convertible dollars fixed rate fears grew strong speculative rushes sell sterling devalued crises kind mid clear pound seriously finally devalued midst speculative crisis countries balance payments deficits bringing major round adjustments pegged rates dollar devalued lower prices currencies devalued increasing vietnam war expenditures combined produce growing deficit american balance payments deficit led belief dollar seriously
economic health nation gnp measure directly affected important factors inflation unemployment inflation ongoing general rise prices steeper rise faster decline dollar purchasing power reference news item electricity rates outstripped inflation simply means prices goods rising faster price electricity unemployment rate measures percentage total number workers labor force actively seeking employment unable find jobs higher unemployment rate economy wasting labor resources allowing stand idle generally believed decrease unemployment rate lead increase inflation things remaining things remaining important phrase economics look later chapter intelligent discussion economic issues requires distinguish positive normative statements previous paragraph statement decrease unemployment rate lead increase inflation statement fact supported refuted examining data say positive statement positive statements tell disputes positive statement settled looking facts rained thursday sun rise east tomorrow positive statements news item declining earnings heavy debt payments caused utility bond ratings drop positive statement let change statement inflation unemployment slightly
government affects allocation resources power levy taxes noted profit affect incentive create capital goods discussion production possibilities frontier previous chapter trade producing capital goods producing goods present consumption order produce kind obtain resources cutting production resources line productive activity changing rate taxation profit government incentive produce capital goods relative incentive produce goods current consumption instance suppose government increased taxes profits discourage production capital goods relative consumer goods resources capital goods production consumer goods production government affect allocation resources tax policy government affects resource allocation producing goods services kinds goods services produced choice left market mechanism acknowledged goods provide benefits goods public goods essential feature public provided person providing government dam protect property floods benefits accrue neighbor public goods subject called exclusion principle
draw supply curve ss figure emphasize price determines quantity supplied demand curve price singled determining factor things assumed unchanging things prices resources factors production technology prices goods number suppliers suppliers expectations things change supply curve shift saw chapter production processes require inputs labor services raw materials fuels resources goods inputs production process frequently referred factors production supplier purchase factors order produce suppose price factors production fall input prices assumed constant drew ss lower level price suppliers find profitable produce larger amount previously willing supply supply curve shift rightward position figure conversely input prices rise cost production higher producers willing supply price supply curve shift leftward position figure producers sell hamburger pound willing supply pounds hamburger month
john maynard keynes british scholar doubtless influential economist half twentieth century graduated cambridge took civil service examination assigned india office returned cambridge soon elected fellow kings college remained formally college balance war began appointed british delegation versailles peace conference keynes burst public view publication economic consequences peace denounced economic aspects versailles treaty death public personage passed keynes grim predictions results treaty pass gained increasing authority mid keynes published major books leading contribution economics published general theory employment interest money book impact affairs adam smith wealth nations point keynes generally accepted elements neoclassical economics espoused economists alfred marshall english economist teacher cambridge neoclassical economics assumed say law markets valid full employment natural case economy equilibrium prices interest rates flexible varying demand supply free competition normal case unemployment occurred tendency restoration full employment times sufficient demand goods produced market
bond government bond contract borrower government agrees pay lender buyer bond amount lent rate interest period consider government bond pays percent rate interest promises pay lender end lender bond buyer original percent government bond seller bond government sell bond borrow paying high rate interest induce buy lend government sell bonds bond market competition bonds sold businesses trying borrow funds finance investment spending order induce public buy government bonds issued business sector government pay interest rate high bonds attractive competition financing needs government business sector push rate interest discussion chapter figure interest rate rise level investment spending fall represented downward shift investment schedule government deficit financed selling government bonds effect deficit economy offset downward shift investment spending nature concern expressed news item big federal deficits interest rates high despite recession induced weakness business borrowing administration goal strong economic recovery difficult achieve
fed important difficult task attempt manage economy money supply manner avoids inflation promoting achievement maintenance high employment level gnp addition functions mentioned routine nonetheless important functions indispensable smooth operation monetary system federal reserve banks serve collection checks recall check simply standardized form write bank order withdraw funds checking account pay party party deposits check checking account account happens bank bank simply draw debit account amount check increase credit account party amount party likely account bank part country case federal reserve banks collect funds account deposit account party wrote check examine mechanics process detail chapter federal reserve banks serve bankers federal government checking accounts treasury part federal reserve banks federal government bond sales tax collections handled banks short federal reserve banks government fiscal agents federal reserve banks provide economy paper money need cash typically withdraw deposits depository institutions
figures assumed increases total demand goods services caused increases money supply autonomous increases consumption investment spending increases government spending reductions taxes total demand schedule shift upward recall chapter resulting rise total income gnp lead increase demand money turn interest rate rise result cutback investment spending tends dampen rise total demand extent cutback depending interest rate sensitivity investment demand money demand recall keynesian view versus view issue avoid interest rate rise federal reserve increase money supply course economy operating close full employment monetary expansion result rise price level critics federal reserve frequently claimed overly concerned maintaining interest rate stability result critics allege fed expands money supply interest rate rising rise caused inflationary increase total demand wiser fed refrain increasing money supply allow interest rate rise check expansion total demand dampening inflationary pressures fed expands money supply situation adds fuel inflationary increase total demand critics argue inflationary implications fed preoccupation interest rate stability concern presence government deficit spending
distinguishing characteristic developing economies growing specialization labor accompanied increases scale production early stages economic development worker typically engaged tasks beginning industrial revolution england half eighteenth century production typically organized lines called cottage industry family occupying cottage modest parcel land raise small number farm animals tend crops engage crafts spinning weaving tanning family supplied food deal clothing individual worker typically performed tasks advent industrial revolution advancement production technology greater specialization increases scale production took place reducing unit output costs production lower priced mass produced goods led expansion markets integral part economic growth process important ingredient economic growth development extensive capital markets markets savers lend funds borrowers investment expenditures give rise capital formation growth banking financial institutions pool savings large number small savers lend investors plays crucial role development capital markets economists suggest development country financial institutions single revealing indication country economic development economic growth requires favorable cultural social political environment legal institutions needed provide law order enforce contracts parties economic transactions
main determinants elasticity demand degree goods size portion buyer income typically devoted expenditure length demand conditions considered chapter argued demand curve typically slopes downward left goods varying degrees substitutes price goes expensive relative substitutes substitute goods demanded conversely price goes expensive relative substitutes case substitutes demanded demand curve flatter close substitutes perfect degree conversely demand curve steeper fewer close substitutes perfect degree degree related elasticity demand answering question clear terminology commonly describe degree steepness slope demand curve recall judge demand curve elastic range simply looking comparing slopes demand curves shown figure common practice say steeper demand curve elastic flatter demand curve alternatively say flatter demand curve elastic steeper demand curve
competitive firm able differentiate product competitors able gain competitive advantage successful product differentiation amounts tailoring product suit consumer demands nonprice competition form advertising serves goal extent informs consumer differences products advertising simple conveying facts attempts tailor consumer demands goods simply making consumers aware nature product say advertising applies market structures subject chapter gray area course difficult distinguish informative advertising simply urges consumers buy reasons related product basis claims entirely false difference real information pure pretty obvious marlboro country cigarette beer bull crashing door parts typical automobile similarity mountain lion automobile tell quality parts form advertising costs question benefits justify scarce resources kind activity worth issue debated unsettled extent advertising consumers knowledge product prices quality alternatives substitutes products purchased save consumer costs searching shopping
number firms crucial determinant possibility collusion doubt aware larger number involved difficult reach consensus firms industry identical production costs products wants maximize profit goal consistent role firms want give arrangement push comes shove firm oligopoly typically sees collusion compromise arrangement price market share prefer firms willing firms difficult arrive compromise arrangement satisfactory incentive shade price give table deals customers competitors firm willing improve sales firms arrangement don find larger number firms harder police activities prevent competitive deviations agreement firms simply collusion impossible attempts collusion invariably fail perfectly competitive competitive markets product differentiation makes price arrangements difficult differentiation room disagreement price firm product price firm similar product ford close competitors respects small addition product complexity makes nonprice competition number ways extras add ons
school thought related according view concept perfect competition counterparts real market structures existence mass production technologies economies scale antitrust policy laws based notion firms engaged fierce price competition misdirected proponents workable competition argue realistic promising recognize vigorous competition forms industry including product differentiation development innovations production technology customer service informative advertising say wiser antitrust policy focused dimensions nonprice competition say workable competition exists competition lines vigorous existing firms potential threat industry prices profits rise claim workable competition exist industries firm size large number firms industry concentration high advocates concept workable competition argue current antitrust policy quick condemn industry merely basis firm size existence high concentration critics concept say puts stress judging industry market performance argue effect return antitrust policy earlier rule reason philosophy proponents point view argue resources devoted investigative activities antitrust division justice department federal trade commission argue government prosecution antitrust laws suffers agencies understaffed underpaid
previous chapter focused real aspects international trade looked nations larger quantity goods real output specializing according comparative advantage trading international trade monetary aspect goods exchanged money nation unique money americans buy goods britain pay british money pounds similarly british citizens pay goods dollars short movement goods services nations requires financial transaction flow goods services direction requires flow money chapter examine international financial system organized handle financial transactions accompany international trade main objectives understand issues presented news item beginning chapter require familiar concepts balance payments exchange rates determinants official intervention operations examine gold played important role international trade past present system international financial arrangements evolved americans import goods services nations pay imports foreign currencies called foreign exchange german marks paid goods produced germany french francs goods produced france japanese yen goods japan british pounds goods britain similarly americans export goods nations american suppliers want paid dollars
nature property ownership arrangements traditionally main feature classify economic systems popular image socialism communism government owns means production land raw materials capital socialists argue represents citizens collectively means production soviet union government principal means production factories railways airlines raw materials soviet union citizens limited ownership means production areas agriculture retail trade housing extreme popular view capitalism holds citizens individually collectively partnerships corporations means production capitalistic united states private ownership dominant government owns postal service local transit systems public housing power production facilities tennessee valley authority public schools universities highways libraries national parks forest preserves airports bridges fire police protection equipment numerous public buildings means waging war ownership patterns differ economic system britain government ownership industry soviet union united states important point differences ownership rights affect economic outcomes complex ways instance soviet agricultural productivity lower united states argued soviet farm workers incentive owned collective farms meet quotas american farmers farms profit
soviet union served model chinese communists chinese tended put stress moral incentives opposed material incentives ideological fervor generally characteristic chinese experience soviet chinese emphasized pursuit social aims accompany industrial progress chief aims development socially conscious citizenry guided concern common material possessions material incentives play role chinese economy inequality distribution income exist evidence suggests inequality income china soviet union china top management paid bonuses performance lower levels management rank file receive bonuses large bonuses paid innovation invention technical improvement material incentives definitely employed agricultural communes significant income differentials communes obvious material incentives policy allowing peasants cultivate private plots consume produce sell freely operating market moral incentives china form ideological indoctrination close administrative coercive control means stimulate job performance transfer labor firms industries regions country income equalizing side medical educational services free rationing system essential consumer staples low prices nonagricultural population addition china extensive social security system floor citizen standard living finally compared communist countries quality variety availability consumer goods china generally
nowadays wide agreement proper function government regulate pace economic activity restraining economy race ahead quickly nudging forward show signs part explains government responsibility tries job worry frequent government actions stabilize economy lead inevitably larger larger public sector slogan creeping socialism describe alleged phenomenon evident disapproval economists argue worry arises confusing issues separate issue tenacious government efforts promote economic stability issue large government country learn book plenty room disagreement issues logical error intertwine alternative policies promote economic stability growing unchanged shrinking public sector chapter advisable speed economic activity size public sector expanded increasing government spending contracted reducing taxes differences individuals government intervene promote economic stability based ideas large government american presidents including national debt grown rapidly vehemently opposed government budget deficits president reagan latest line chief executives adopt balanced budget major goal
situation charitable foundations clearly analogous households rich give ford foundation capital neighborhood billion decided decade ago spend problems cities minorities left purposes result support foundation provided arts education sections society cut foundation ran financial problems mid forced difficult choices distribution dwindling support money grants cut sharply groups depended ford foundations continuing source support suddenly found easier days end rich powerful government united states soviet union cope limitations implied scarce resources goods services buys government prepare budget similar large household items produces education police protection libraries faces production possibilities frontier business firm acrimonious debates reagan administration critics congress precisely sorts issues large share government limited resources allocated military public housing social welfare civilian programs necessity choice imposed government limited budget similar character problems faced business firms households
economy total output seen major variables concern ways measure popular choice undoubtedly gross national product term encountered news media gross national product gnp short comprehensive measure output factories offices shops economy features definition gnp need underscored notice add money values things gnp consists bewildering variety goods services mousetraps computers bologna caviar ballet performances rock concerts tanks textbooks combine single number economist natural convert service money terms want add apples oranges ask money cost apples cost cents oranges cost cents apples count oranges sum worth output market price service indicator society simply willing pay money decision raises question prices valuing outputs official data offer choices service price actually sold resulting measure called nominal gnp money gnp gnp current dollars perfectly choice
equilibrium level income clearly billion entire expenditure schedule table initial rise billion spending leads ultimate rise billion gnp occurred case higher investment spending fact figure applies case multiplier autonomous consumer spending reason straightforward matter injects additional dollar spending economy business investors consumers comes percent recipients round turn spend percent additional income constitutes multiplier process chapter learn surprisingly multiplier applies equally component aggregate demand government purchases goods services understand workings basic multiplier process let turn reasons multiplier formula oversimplified inflation complication turns restatement central ideas economics prices determined demand supply case story told multiplier words numbers algebraic formula dealt aggregate demand side economy stressed chapter schedule income expenditure diagram drawn price level tell price level prices change
bankers reputation deserved conservatism politics dress business affairs economic rationale conservatism clear checking deposits pure fiat money ago deposits backed bank promise convert currency demand lost trust bank bank doomed imperative bankers acquire reputation prudence continue principal ways maintain sufficiently generous level reserves minimize vulnerability runs cautious making loans investments large losses loans undermine confidence depositors important realize banking system fractional reserves inherently risky business rendered safe cautious prudent management america history bank failures bears sober testimony fact bankers cautious prudent recipe high profits bank profits keeping reserves low making risky investments giving loans borrowers questionable credit standing borrowers pay highest interest rates art bank management strike balance lure profits need safety banker stodgy bank earn inadequate profits taking unwarranted risks bank survive public authorities apparently decided balance struck profit minded bankers place society struck
completes discussion fed methods controlling money supply limitations methods begin integrate learned financial system model presented chapters study money affects national economy purpose analyses chapter present summed statement interest rates rise banks find profitable expand volume loans deposits increasing supply money poses danger money supply expand rapidly period inflation economic boom advance slowly contract period recession opposite stabilization policy requires fed shift relationship money supply interest rates employing principal weapons monetary control open market operations reserve requirements lending policy banks ideas depicted graphically figure figure shows typical money supply schedule labeled ms illustrating fact bank behavior makes money stock rise interest rates rise notice sensitivity money supply interest rates weak diagram large rise rate interest percent percent induces small increase supply money billion billion drawing deliberately constructed statistical evidence shows curve figure shows money supply schedule specific monetary policy figure portrays money supply schedule responds change monetary policy open market purchase government bonds reduction reserve requirements drop fed lending rate
formal definition demand curve entire market chapter opposite page pay attention chapter things referred definition let focus price note quantity demanded moves opposite direction price economists call relationship law demand notice put word law quotation marks observed economic laws obeyed moment law demand exceptions let law holds chapter learned individual demand curves downward sloping law diminishing marginal utility individual demand curves slope downward preceding discussion adding process market demand curve slope downward common sense consumer market buys fewer bananas price bananas rises total quantity demanded market surely fall market demand curves slope downward individual demand curves consumers alike bookstore reduces price popular draw customers customers induced buy copies similarly differ fondness bananas true maintain purchases bananas exorbitant prices eat banana offered free charge price bananas rises enthusiastic banana eaters drop market entirely leaving expensive fruit devoted consumers
chapters dealt consumer decisions nature demand turn attention business decisions supply side market chapter analyze firm choices inputs labor fuel raw materials investigate determine costly firms produce quantity product choose supply cheapest method production typically change amount output produced firm produces automobiles cheapest rely individual craftsmen sparing large costly machinery firm produces million cars reverse undoubtedly true chapter decisions input proportions reached input prices technology determine cost producing million number products information makes call firm cost curves graphical representations relationship firm costs quantity product produces cost curves demand curves discussed preceding chapters chapter examine firm decides produce price charge product economies large scale production thought pervasive feature modern industrial society automation assembly lines sophisticated machinery widely believed reduce production costs dramatically equipment enormous capacity requires large investment small companies able benefit products modern technology
real removed profit maximization illustrate marginal criteria decision making women admitted princeton university colleges cost proposed change frequently cited major obstacle decided advance woman coming university constitute net addition student body variety reasons involving relations alumni groups reduction number male students feasible presumably basis calculation average costs critics spoke figures high million economists clear relevant figure marginal cost addition total cost result introduction additional students women students course bring princeton additional tuition fees marginal revenues fees sufficient cover amount add costs admission women leave university financial picture unaffected careful calculation showed admission women add university financial problems average cost figures reason women course preferences characteristically women frequently elect courses exclusively male institutions admission thousand women male institution require fewer additional courses thousand admitted important found number classroom buildings cost operating buildings nearly fixed total utilization cost changed slightly influx women marginal cost certainly average cost cost student
regulators push higher prices answer typically want introduce preserve competition industry saw earlier strong economies scale scope simply impossible number firms survive largest firms industry cost advantages competitors able drive market operating prices profitable observers applaud low prices price cuts reflect cost advantages firm wants market conceivably engage price cutting cuts justifiable terms cost low prices merely temporary bargains succeed driving competition promptly withdrawn sort practice referred predatory pricing considered undesirable persons analyzed regulatory issues regulation goes prevention predatory pricing firms feel hurt competitive pressures complain regulatory commissions prices charged rivals unfairly low commission afraid unrestrained pricing reduce number firms industry attempts equalize matters imposing price floors permit firms industry operate profitably icc giant task presumably sure firm jurisdiction ahead show similar concern consumers winning losing attitude produced strange patterns resource utilization evidence distances say miles railroads clear cut cost advantage trucks
completed survey important imperfections market mechanism list complete imperfect works ideally examining sufficiently powerful microscope detect blemishes items omitted list minor importance let conclude mention analysis virtues market mechanism chapter assumed consumers producer information need decision making reality things consumers suffer lack information buying house hand car selecting doctor consumers vividly reminded purchasing let buyer beware motto describing hazards consumers exposed obviously participants market ill informed optimal decisions theoretical models economists agree imperfect information failure market mechanism point information commodity costs money produce firms consumers complete information irrational spend enormous amounts needed optimum compromise ideally stop buying information point marginal benefit information greater cost amount information business executive consumer able referred optimally imperfect decisions problem market mechanism received deal attention availability insurance
perfect ideal tax reflect society views equity taxation induce economic behavior excess burden unfortunately tax fact taxes smallest excess burdens instance head tax charges person number dollars efficient change economic behavior enable avoid reason change behavior noted payroll tax small excess burdens fortunately tax ideal scores high equity efficiency criteria personal income tax true income taxes avoided earning income observed reality supply labor changed taxation income responds investing safe assets government bonds risky common stocks reaction reduce tax bills risky assets pay lower rates return clear income tax actually induces behavior takes profits investments turn offers tax deduction investments turn sour tax reduces return saving economists worried discourage saving retard economic growth empirical evidence suggest happened extent balance unresolved questions research continuing studies conducted date suggest personal income tax induces behavioral reactions reduce consumer small excess burden
woods agreements reestablished system fixed exchange rates based gold standard free dollar gold united states agreed buy sell gold maintain ounce price established president franklin roosevelt signatory nations gold case agreed buy sell dollars maintain exchange rates agreed levels currencies indirectly modified gold standard holder french francs exchange dollars roughly francs dollar exchange gold ounce franc fixed francs ounce gold francs dollar times dollars ounce system dubbed gold exchange system referred woods system international monetary fund set police manage system funds contributed member countries empowered loans countries running low reserves case fundamental nation balance payments change exchange rates permitted believed fixed exchange rates provide stable climate needed restore trade course woods define clearly fundamental system evolved mean chronic deficit balance payments sizable proportions nations relative dollar reduce currencies terms dollars
marx historical perspective essential understand capitalist system form economic organization economic systems evolve expected replaced form economic organization understand economy works mind predecessor evolved process grew marx frequently criticized classical economists viewpoint treatment economic forms capitalist systems tacit assumption capitalism prevail scorn economists history longer determines evolutionary direction society according marx primary influence economic current technology method organizing production stage history factors determine group charge economy groups subjugated feudal economy instance manor lords control economy serfs domination free enterprise economy medieval lord replaced modern capitalist serf free laborer reality propertyless proletarian sell hands relationship serf lord course free laborer capitalist technology primarily responsible difference affected productivity economies turn changed course economy growth character struggle dominant dominated groups saying economic conditions determine direction evolutionary process marx mean care financial
marx began write economics roughly decade capital published devoted significant portion writing phenomenon called alienation word subject published lifetime marx considered important included portions capital published death purposely publish changed mind decided false direction middle twentieth century soviet union began publish marx accumulated notes manuscripts materials alienation public idea public attracted deal attention marxist scholars specialized political science sociology concept alienation hold appeal economists helping reconstruct marx actually alienation refer concepts intrigued describes psychological workers relation capitalist production process according marx capitalism replacing mass production techniques putting workers assembly lines functions reduced repetitive detail concern quality product treating workers labor power mere commodities bought sold part profit making process workers lose sense satisfaction labor means identifying output short modern workers alienated production process ways medieval artisans
unfortunately effect relationships economics evident difficult determine rise income caused consumption increase conversely increase consumption caused income rise similarly economists argue rising money wages effect inflation economic theory rooted basic postulates help determine source causation competitive theories suggest alternative directions causation guard drawing unwarranted conclusions direction causation unclear true individual true group stand exciting play football game able happens stands benefits individual benefit group stands view individual spectators fails improve fact worse persons argue true part true err fallacy composition consider economics extra bank account suddenly additional increase supply money result higher prices persons money bid existing supply goods increase availability production scarce economic goods additional money true individual misleading fallacious applied entire economy
price ceilings popular period inflation situation prices products continually rising mistakenly believe rising prices inflation effects exhibit illustrates impact fixing price product equilibrium level course price ceiling result lower price result market forces short run end story equilibrium price producers unwilling supply consumers purchase shortage exhibit goods result shortage situation quantity demanded consumers exceeds quantity supplied producers existing price unfortunately fixing price eliminate rationing problem nonprice factors important rationing process producers discriminating sales eager buyers sellers partial friends buyers favors buyers willing illegal black market payments addition equilibrium price reduces incentive sellers expand future supply fewer resources flow suppliers production higher profits passage shortage conditions worsen suppliers direct resources production commodity areas secondary effects expect real ways sellers raise prices raise money price holding quality constant hold money price constant reducing quality
general criticisms voiced suggest government pursue vigorous antitrust policy believe antitrust action expand number rivals industries automobiles steel dominated firms hand critics argue antitrust policy business regulation past present paradoxically restricted competition consumers protected low prices producers rivals critics argue government regulatory policy part problem part solution believe results inherent flaw political process disproportionate power special interests production consumption goods result effects market fail register effects called externalities present actions individual group affect welfare consent examples externalities abound live apartment house noisy stereo door neighbors keeps studying economics neighbors creating actions imposing unwanted cost driving car rush hour increases level congestion imposing cost motorists examination graded curve cheating creates raises class average externalities result imposition cost human actions generate benefits parties homeowner keeps house condition maintains neat lawn improves beauty entire community benefiting community members flood control project benefits upstream residents generate gain live downstream scientific theories benefit authors knowledge gained contributes welfare
keynesian analysis readily presented graphically exhibit comprised graph planned aggregate demand consumption investment measured axis total income nnp axis degree line extends origin maps points equidistant axes points degree line represent output levels aggregate demand total income equal economy operating full employment output level degree line thought aggregate supply schedule remember aggregate supply output aggregate income equal market final goods services equal income payments received produced aggregate supply schedule outlines willingness producers offer alternative levels output business decision makers produce supply level output expect consumers investors spend purchase output level degree line outlines levels output income total spending sufficient purchase output level inducing businesses supply aggregate demand equal aggregate supply points degree line degree line maps equilibrium levels output note equilibrium levels total income output employment exhibit graphically depicts consumption aggregate demand schedule data exhibit consumption positively related income income rises planned consumption increases smaller amount income consumption function flatter degree line investment determined independent income planned investment billion added vertically consumption schedule result yields aggregate demand
things constant quantity quality resources contributing production process expands aggregate supply increase resources scarce point size economy resource base aggregate supply passage economy resource base change capital goods wear usage investment replace machines structures capital assets worn period addition net investment expand availability physical capital loosening aggregate supply constraint knowledge skills force supply human labor resources affect productive capacity economy investment education training skill enhancing experience essential ingredient maintenance enlargement human resources play vital role production process potentially productive resources enhance aggregate supply actually engaged productive process physical resource scarcity limits economy resource base human imposed restrictions individual decisions reduce effective availability resources worker unemployed combination unemployment compensation welfare benefits leisure preferred jobs adds current production person part labor force similarly potential youthful worker priced employment minimum wage legislation part effective resource base economy size effective resource base economy influenced scarcity human created barriers discourage utilization resources efficiency resource utilization affect aggregate supply political economic institutions encourage individuals specialize areas greatest comparative advantage engage mutually advantageous exchange ingredients efficient resources
economic program reagan administration unfolded told embodied principles supply side economics term widely mass media case popularized expression supply side economics loosely including policy makers expression understanding idea expression began mean things supply side economics stresses role relative prices product expensive relative alternative supply side approach emphasizes choose higher priced product substitute products cheaper increase price beef choose beef chicken similarly supply side economists emphasize fiscal policy especially tax income transfer components change relative prices alter aggregate supply relative prices importance marginal tax rates affect allocation existing income current consumption saving investing future consumption rising marginal tax rates reduce individual tax reward derived saving investing decision makers tend substitute current consumption saving investment projects yield future taxable income result decline capital formation future output aggregate supply higher marginal tax rates rewarding individual devote effort capital diligently production goods services desired attractive employ leisurely pace attitude centered directly producer personally enjoys higher tax rate makes difficult buyers want payment offer producers added diverted producers tax collector
economists adaptive expectations hypothesis simplistic assuming rely simple rule thumb approach future tend past economists argue expectations determined rationally decision makers learn previous experience pertinent information formulating views future rational expectations hypothesis assumes individuals consider information direction current governmental policy formulate forecasts inflation variables influencing decisions proponents rational expectations argue view consistent economizing behavior page adaptive expectations hypothesis mark willis president federal reserve bank minneapolis proponent rational expectations makes point clear rational expectations scheme replacing adaptive expectations scheme agents model policy account change policy creates opportunities extraordinary profits ignore adaptive expectations rational expectations model economy agents change decisions full advantage opportunities produced policy help clarify rational expectations hypothesis suppose prices increased annual rate percent decision makers believe relationship growth rate money supply rising prices individuals note money stock expanded percent annual rate months percent rate past according rational expectations hypothesis decision makers integrate recent monetary acceleration forecast future inflation rate adaptive expectations hypothesis implies continue predict inflation rate period period periods
tax legislation criticized welfare rich easy understand dollar amount tax reduction greater higher incomes receive larger percentage increase tax marginal earnings top income ladder marginal tax rates reduced percent percent tax cut high income recipients top tax bracket permitted cents additional dollar earned compared cents prior legislation tax income extra dollar earning increase percent result tax cut similarly marginal tax rate married couple joint taxable income decline percent percent couple tax bracket permitted cents additional dollar earned compared percent increase percent contrast marginal tax rate lowest income category fall percent percent tax marginal income lowest tax bracket increase percent percent increase percent taxable incomes remain unchanged tax revenues decline high income taxpayers reap disproportionately large windfall reduction size tax bill clearly major news media citizens viewed tax cut situation complicated reason believe layperson view distributional aspects tax cut misleading incorrect
deal media advertising simply say providing supportive evidence advertiser wish customers competitor establish brand product multimillion dollar media campaign soap cigarette automobile manufacturer largely offset similar campaign waged competitor consumers products end paying costs battles attention dollars remember consumers obligation purchase advertised products advertising results higher prices providing compensating benefits consumers turn cheaper products brand established advertising places additional responsibility seller buying sellers confidence bought anonymous prohibition trusted mainly skill integrity ensure beverages dangerous impurities buy jack daniels jim beam whiskey today skill integrity distillers enormous sum money tied brands spend large amount money avoid death impure batch brand product brand promoted costly advertising worth customer customer decide unfair deceptive advertising including false promises spoken seller packaged advertising agency illegal federal trade commission act fact publicly advertised false claim easier establish prosecute words spoken private argument freedom advertising general unsupported claims product superior alternatives help enjoy
research suggests balance change patterns business competitiveness decades course specific industries concentration increased motor vehicle photographic equipment industries degree concentration aircraft computer equipment meat packing declined significantly recent early stages development american manufacturing mergers important influence structure economy desire firms merge surprising horizontal merger combining assets firms ownership firms alternative rigors competition insecurity collusion waves horizontal mergers occurred corporations names household words steel general electric standard oil general foods general mills american products mergers formed periods mergers led dominant firm manufacturing industries steel sugar refining agricultural implements leather rubber distilleries tin cans analysis horizontal mergers leads interesting observations horizontal mergers create highly profitable dominant firm freedom entry industry entry competitors takes firm formed merger controls substantial share market product realize profits period entry firms drives prices level average cost course entry barriers established limit retard entry rivals incentive merge strengthened
widespread dissatisfaction traditional regulatory approach developed industries major steps deregulation ground air transportation industries icc initially established regulate rates railroad industry actually railroad industry supported icc establishment commission regulated rates allocated hauls rail shippers beginning railroads began confront stiff competition developing trucking industry trucking industry entered relative ease competitive forces pushing rates downward response demands railroad large trucking interests regulatory control icc extended include trucking industry icc influenced structure ground transportation industry ways limited number shippers interstate commerce rail truck shippers required obtain license icc permitted compete interstate transportation industry icc issued licenses proposed service deemed public convenience established shippers granted opportunity present icc attesting entry shipper unnecessary harmful icc policies severely limited entry trucking industry icc regulated shipping rates permitted rail truck industries establish price fixing rate bureaus competitors wanted reduce prices schedule established rate bureau ask icc hear cases typically months obtain ruling icc arrangements strongly discouraged price competition interstate shipping
individuals evaluate employment alternatives consider working conditions wage rates job dangerous offer opportunity acquire experience training enhance future earnings strenuous nerve racking working hours job location means transportation convenient factors economists call job characteristics workers willing trade higher wage rates favorable job characteristics numerous examples dangers involved aerial window washers hang windows stories earn higher wages window washers sales jobs involving deal town travel typically pay similar jobs inconvenience electricians contract construction paid equally skilled electricians jobs pay steady majority economists prefer independent environment intellectual stimulation offered colleges universities earnings economists academia typically lower economists business substantial wage differentials exist similar jobs large small firms urban rural areas factors transportation costs locational preferences help explain differentials large firms typically draw labor force wider geographical area resulting longer average travel congestion problems severe factors employment large firms desirable pay higher wage rates order attract desired size labor force similarly lower wages rural areas reflect partially employees willingness trade higher wages jobs preferred living areas differences characteristics jobs contribute earnings differences individuals
history gold played important role domestic international monetary matters war currencies tied gold country set currency terms gold period treasury prepared redeem dollars domestic citizens foreigners fixed price ounce gold currency linked gold effect common currency english pound dollar french franc currencies readily redeemed gold gold certificates gold standard currency affect flow international trade increase nation gold supply meant effect increase money supply flow gold countries tended bring imports exports nations balance nation imports exceeded exports differential paid gold trade deficit nations exported gold trade surplus nations gold transfers caused money supply trade deficit nations fall money supply trade surplus countries rise prices soon reflected supply money prices declined trade deficit nations result shrinking supply money price reductions goods trade deficit nations cheaper international markets stimulated exports restored balance trade similarly prices trade surplus nations rose countries acquired gold expanded money supply price inflation trade surplus nations products competitive exports declined moving trade balance countries equilibrium despite beauty system simplicity gold standard number drawbacks real resources tied mining gold transferred trading nations
balance payments united states clearly conflict desire nixon administration follow prior election august wage price controls imposed domestic economy president nixon terminated gold dollar dollar temporarily permitted float exchange market major currencies dollar depreciated percent respect japanese yen percent german mark agreement fixed exchange rates reached late agreement short lived balance payments crisis developed early dollar permitted float system effect managed float flexible rate referred dirty float central monetary authorities countries intervene fluctuations moderate range say percent direction permitted governments appears change exchange rates likely greater magnitude governments reserve holdings intervene exchange rate dollar fell sharply carter administration arranged loans japanese west german governments additional reserves international monetary fund order bolster dollar proponents dirty float system argue relative exchange rate stability advantages flexible exchange play industrial economies forced absorb unprecedented number severe shocks oil embargo soaring energy prices sharp reduction availability petroleum result iranian revolution
wages major source income soviet union despite ideal communist distributional ethic put marx according ability according need substantial occupational wage differentials exist soviet union earnings skilled craft workers generally times unskilled laborers earnings scientists engineers journalists athletes high level central planners times greater national average income inequality soviet union compare western nations accurate data difficult obtain western experts believe income inequality soviet union fact western economies argue difference slight data income inequality soviet union difficult interpret structural differences soviet union market economies prices products purchased intensively poor medical service clothing food speaking cheaper soviet union western economies contrast luxury goods automobiles air travel expensive soviet union special privileges primarily enhance welfare elite automobiles easily obtained upper level bureaucrats communist party members soviet officials members favored groups scientists writers actors ballet stars economic managers granted shop special stores offer goods cut rate prices stock items unavailable citizens products choice meats fine wines fresh fruits vegetables french perfumes japanese electronic equipment american cigarettes imported clothing sold stores soviet officials members elite largely insulated shortages waiting lines poor quality plague typical consumer
individual decisions directly affect economy important understand nature choices choose private cars public buses armaments swimming pools don choose sufficient quantities satisfy desires basic constraint production consumption choices scarcity resources order produce need resources factors production factors production inputs land labor capital buildings machinery produce final goods services output produce textbook needed paper printing presses building lots labor produce education getting class need textbook classroom teacher blackboard factors production simply produce unfortunately quantity resources limited produce want quantities desire resources scarce relative desires fact forces difficult choices building space class show charlie chaplin movies professor lecture produce education repair car simultaneously likewise labor machinery dig holes ground missiles dig holes swimming pools missiles build goods services produce classic guns butter problem illustrated accompanying news clipping article goods produced resources allocated production military goods dilemma guns butter typifies economic problem
say demand surely tom prepared exchange income typing single english paper tom income buy desirable goods services give typing paper imply extremely high opportunity cost reasonable assume limits amount tom willing pay quantity typing limits determined income tom spend goods services implicitly forsake order pay typing services price typing exceeds limits tom end typing part paper assume tom starts looking typist mind sort demand schedule table according row schedule tormented english willing able pay typing page semester pay typed page outrageous price page paper typed professionally peck print remaining pages paper impression tom won sacrifice goods services paper lower prices tom behave differently according table tom pages typed price typing lower prices give goods services page professional typing willing paper typed
federal government single largest participant product factor markets expenditures goods services account half federal budget large fraction budget represents income transfers individuals transfers income payments current services goods exchanged familiar income transfers largest single item budget social security benefits million americans receive social security checks month individuals retired disabled children workers died retirement table billion spent social security benefits fiscal individuals eligible social security retirement benefits reaching age worked minimum number benefits paid taxes imposed working social security retirement benefits transfer income working retired altering distribution income income transfers help determine output produced case income transfers help ensure retired individuals continue receive current output welfare benefits unemployment insurance benefits alter distribution income output case welfare benefits income transferred poor order enable purchase greater quantity goods services unemployment benefits serve income transfer purpose distributed unable find regardless income wealth cases income transfers paid return current product service
keynes accepted classical argument excess desired saving tend lower rate interest suggested lower interest rate adequate incentive additional investment businesses buy plant equipment accumulate desired inventories expect increased sales gap implies able sell current output business firms want expand production sales capacity keynes argued reasonable anticipate sales expectations drop gap emerges loss confidence overwhelm investment stimulus resulting lower interest rate keynes view investment decisions reflected earlier distinction shifts investment function movements investment demand curve expectations worsen entire investment function shift left implying lower rate investment rate interest notice figure worsened expectations shift investment function result shift rate desired investment spending remains billion point despite reduced interest rate words classical assumption lower interest rates drive point point upset leftward shift investment function shift leaves point keynesian emphasis expectations suggests classical economists line defense cyclical unemployment breached expectations worsen response gap assurance desired investment spending rise level desired saving full employment rate investment actually decline sales start dropping
saw chapter president congress jointly basic fiscal policy decisions put federal budget details anticipated revenues expenditures fiscal entire budget recreated brookings institution staff noted pretend billion federal budget freshly put exercise delusion occur budget expenditures built result decisions previous fiscal budget table contained provisions billion social security benefits retired disabled persons benefits represented commitment established reaffirmed contained provisions billion veterans benefits billion interest payments national debt billions completion projects begun previous short repudiating prior commitments restructuring system congress president eliminate kinds expenditures large extent current revenues expenditures results prior decisions portion budget subject current decision making referred discretionary spending expenditures built annual budget process called say ability fiscal policy alter economic outcomes negligible smaller infer size federal budget observers budget process conclude fourth budget represents discretionary fiscal spending president reagan initial unprecedented attacks federal budget left budget unscathed
suppose things simple bank town university bank imagine saving spending income putting loose change piggy bank months saving break bank discover yielded immediately deposit money checking account university bank deposit affect money supply initial deposit effect money supply coins piggy bank counted part money supply represented cash held public deposit cash coins bank simply changing composition money supply public holds coins transactions deposits money created demise piggy bank initial deposit university bank business convenience contrary university bank business earn profit earn profit deposit university bank put money means deposit basis making loan willing pay bank interest money function banks merely store money pay interest accounts offer free checking services banks pay interest offer free inexpensive checking money loans earn interest typically bank difficulty finding wants borrow money firms individuals expenditure desires exceed current money balances eager borrow money
question remains real income loss minimized policies implemented reduce term losses juncture previous discussion policy lags chapter relevant took congress respond oil crisis energy legislation response national energy act widely criticized inadequate crisis hit congress president begin formulate effective term policies including development alternative energy sources incentives increased production conservation notable features term policy response insistence maintaining price controls domestic oil gas price crude oil rose nearly barrel price domestic oil existing wells allowed rise barrel price controls imposed oil deeper wells maintained interstate shipments natural gas objective oil gas price controls twofold federal government wanted shelter consumers inflationary impact higher energy prices controlling domestic energy prices reduce average energy costs short run increasing allowable prices facilitate gradual adjustment higher energy costs policy makers wanted avoid substantial redistribution income consumers oil producers redistribution widely regarded unfair unfortunately oil gas price controls adverse effects low prices domestic oil gas reduced production incentives discouraged development alternative fuel sources replace oil gas run noted earlier price controls created market shortages
malthus scientists worried ultimate shortage land earth billion acres land potentially suitable agriculture farming half total boost agricultural production bringing rest land cultivation increasing output acre malthusian observations scientists estimated land require feed results presented figure basic increasing land requirements population increase amount land actually need depend amount food acre improvements productivity run arable land figure team recognized increase agricultural productivity output acre estimated land requirements assumption productivity double quadruple evident figure large increases productivity postpone reckoning team optimistic assumptions carry likely say demise sooner paving arable land highways transforming farms suburban housing projects impressively detailed calculations suffer flaw upset malthus projections reflect logic arithmetic faulty assumptions team productivity increases perceive possibilites unduly limited note optimistic projection calls quadrupling current crop yields fourfold increase productivity sound heroic amounts percent annual productivity increase compounded period
reasonable assume pleasure product higher price willing pay oral sensation buttered popcorn movies turns re likely willing pay dearly taste desire popcorn give eat exists positive relationship expected pleasure taste willingness pay economists focus relationship leaving question desire goods services explorations social scientists economists term utility refer expected pleasure satisfaction obtained goods services important distinction total utility marginal utility total utility refers amount satisfaction obtained entire consumption product contrast marginal utility refers amount satisfaction consuming marginal unit product concepts total marginal utility explain buy popcorn movies stop eating point love popcorn derive utility afford don eat endless quantities popcorn presumably thrill diminishes mouthful box popcorn bring sensual gratification box likely bring stomachache express phenomenon noting marginal utility box higher additional marginal utility derived box popcorn behavior popcorn abnormal generally speaking amount additional utility obtain product declines continue consume
chapter noted comparatively strong case market mechanism observed market mechanism permits individual consumers producers express views produce produce produce voting goods services market purchases sales want willing pay market mechanism signal fact producers stimulate reallocation economy resources direction observed important qualifications laissez faire view appropriateness fairness consumer voting patterns depends voting power distributed consumers opportunity acquire income wealth unable participate fully collective decision making resource product markets noted goods services peddled efficiently market consumption confined pay public goods important exception laissez faire economics finally observed concept public goods applies generally externalities benefits harm communicated efficiently marketplace view major qualifications market efficiency argument completely laissez faire policy met skepticism disregard fact market mechanism efficient tool communicating fulfilling society wishes qualifications noted compensated regard important note markets tend efficient competitive forces observed calculator illustration competitive firms industries tend respond quickly efficiently consumer desires
thing note calculator oligopoly likely exhibit internal tension calculators international semiconductor happy playing fiddle universal electronics company number market hand universal larger market share view huge profits calculators observed chapter initial equilibrium calculator industry yielded average profit calculator total industry profits million month universal happy market shares fellow increasing profits problem gain larger market share truly competitive market single producer expand production discernible impact market supply oligopoly increased sales part firm noticed immediately firms increased sales noticed quickly increased sales firm place existing market price lower price events ring alarm corporate headquarters firms consider possibility universal electronics increasing sales going price calculator demand curve figure consumers willing buy calculators month price increase calculator sales universal immediately reflected lower sales international say increases market share necessarily reduce shares remaining
control supply product control distribution outlets firm sell wares variety retail outlets persuade outlets competitive wares solidified market position control distribution outlets accomplished means including price concessions term supply contracts expensive gifts christmas automobile industry effective option nearly cars united states sold franchised car manufacturers individual dealers beholden manufacturer buy sell cars condition franchises dealers prohibited selling cars produced competitor clause detailing prohibition ruled illegal supreme court dealers defy wishes gm ford chrysler result supply cars sold public effectively governed manufacturers exercise control approximately gm tighten control distribution networks auto manufacturers entered financing parts replacement industries nearly cars purchased financed paid part loan firm gain control financing mechanisms tighten control sales early shortly buying buick cadillac oldsmobile score producers general motors organized general motors acceptance corporation purpose obviously consumer wishes purchase competitor car difficulty obtaining financing convenience financial resources serve reduce potential competition
resistance foreign exchange rate arises general concerns engage international investment trade flows basis forecasting future costs prices profits forecasts uncertain dependable money subject change american firm invests million tire factory brazil expects profit production return profit united states brazilian sharply interim profits amassed brazil dwindle mere trickle loss cruzeiros exchanged dollars perspective uncertainty fluctuating exchange rates unwanted unnecessary burden direction exchange rate move stand lose change prone resist change price country money automatically alters price exports imports united states dollar appreciated foreign price exports rose domestic price imports fell importers pleased exporters upset general exporters hostile appreciations domestic currency exchange rate movements products expensive export markets workers exports equally hostile exchange rate movements jobs stake country currency cheaper opposition exchange rate movements dollar appreciates americans buy foreign products increased demand imports drive prices countries
prominent lending agency bank organizations bank makes loans ldcs specific development projects bank group technical assistance smaller scale group multinational development banks provided billion loans addition multilateral loans ldcs access bilateral loans fact dollar volume bilateral loans greatly exceeds volume multilateral loans bilateral loans directly country agency international development aid principal agent official bilateral loans ldcs professed preference multilateral loans bilateral bilateral loans argued extended economic political strings attached lending country insist basic trade monetary tax policies loan tied projects specific purchases greater priority lending country borrowing country ldc forced leave decision ldcs feel implicit political agenda attached bilateral loans aid polish authorities claimed western countries banks unfairly financial leverage coerce government altering internal policies multilateral loans similar strings attached bank international monetary fund insist responsible fiscal monetary policies condition development foreign exchange loans policies typically restrictive borrowing country desires political problems domestically sensational case refused extend loan zaire country agreed let install experts zaire national bank monitor zaire finances corruption
resolve implied goal conflict maintain flexibility goals formulate express output goals general terms calling large increase widget output percent increase planning period permit flexibility short term basis approaches soviet union basic planning period significant plan period october eleventh plan covers period plan focused general parameters economy emphasized basic priorities specific production details basis plans soviet planners issue directives sectors economy attempt formulate specific annual target sector plans designed chart directions economic advance plans directives nuts bolts details plans important ensure workability central planners gosplan engage lot give bureaus industries firms farms assigned draft plans outlines bureaucratic channels review juncture individual firms industries argue planned output targets suggest attainable targets place kind feedback called planning critical success plan line course vested interest minimizing output targets bonuses depend fulfilling plan targets conversely planners top bureaucratic hierarchy vested interest raising targets higher targets help achieve quickly goals projections enunciated plan
rise single person household marks significant departure past unattached individual likely live relatives unrelated family percent american households contained person population consists mainly age groups young married married older lost spouse unattached individuals likely live nonfamily households marked increase population young singles young women marry later remains seen addition census data variety surveys important attitudes ideas concerning matters premarital sexuality women equality realization spread mainstream american population surveys women attitudes revealed consistent trend tradition greater similarity women roles inside home mason fifths respondents national survey thought woman want marry sick immoral selfish fourth respondents thought choice bad thirds neutral seventh viewed choice newsletter major study american attitudes decades reveals profound change think family douvan summing complex findings authors conclude america undergone psychological revolution past twenty twenty ago defined satisfactions problems terms lived traditional family roles
rise class independently kinship provide basis relations production distribution power kin groups remain large agrarian kinship persists prime organizing principle class rise capitalism reduction significance family today outgrowth decline importance relative institutions began rise speeded development capitalism machine industry modern socialist societies family significant organizing principle reasonable suppose future minimal disappear legally constituted unit exclusive forms sexual economic cooperation child care morgan engels thought original promiscuity early humans banned sex relations generations parents children continued allow indiscriminately brothers sisters kinds cousins band called family thought later mating family larger kin group forbidden stage group sisters close band married jointly group brothers close kinsmen thought later especially domestication plants animals pairing family develop married women individually writers drew conclusions evidence actual group marriage primitive peoples kinship terms found today tribal chiefly societies
marriage divorce statistics mirror apparent contradictions exemplified views united states marriage continues exceedingly popular institution comparison marriage rates twenty selected countries carter glick shows egypt higher marriage rate united states united states rate higher country included comparison course high rate marriage united states affected fact americans highest divorce rate compared seventeen countries slight decline american remarriage rate divorce rate increasing steadily carter glick bane suggest marriage specific marital partner rejected addition marriage divorce statistics aspects family attracting public professional interest increasing attention family violence steinmetz steinmetz higher incidence violence simply public discussion difficult case child wife battering clear indications family troubles rise professions marriage family therapy interpreted ways indicating increasing difficulties family greater efforts resolve problems ask contemporary family stay answers family instance suggests earlier conceptualization tended family relationships view family utopian terms ignore strains conflicts daily involves
important activity children waking hours going school children spend average nineteen hours week school larger proportion children ages school start school earlier stay school longer dramatic change ten proportion young children enrolled nursery school kindergarten percent olds enrolled school percent age group school important occurred length school average daily attendance average pupil attended school eighty days typical school days average pupil attended days mean children enrolled school spend school steadily gained importance child care arrangement compared dramatic child care arrangements growth television school caused mothers working home trivial true proportion mothers paid jobs risen sharply twenty mothers preschool children percent married women children labor force proportion grown nearly percent working mothers arranged schedules worked children school fathers home care children percent child care arrangements common relative sitter home care children
searched literature determine concept provider entered thinking term provider entered english language male sex typed older term webster edition defines provider especially food clothing family adequate provider simply defined wife enter labor force counterpart provider housewife term defined role delineated relationships marriage family added legal religious advantages women common law husband legally head household responsibility providing wife children provision help wife personal property earnings entitled owned wife children services sole collect wages home owned wife personal property outright manage control wife real property marriage included lease property rents profits babcock freedman norton ross actual provider legal recognition granted husband husband legal responsibilities support necessarily provider term understood wife performing role
contribution married women family income impressive recognized earnings lower married detailed breakdown earnings revealed percent employed wives earn percent husbands earn bureau census end income hierarchy percent wives yearly income comparison percent employed husbands wives earnings lower husbands fully steadily employed according measures differential participation wage earning role wives degree true detailed analysis reveals factors important begin wives lesser attachment labor force rooted family responsibilities data bureau labor statistics tell substantial number wives employed part prefer full percent wives employed part layoffs short inability find full jobs department labor comparable figure husbands percent part entirely matter preference family responsibilities generally turnover rates higher low level occupations pay interest opportunity advancement incentive stay job specifically full employment true percent professionally employed wives percent wives clerical sales occupations percent wives worked crafts operatives service jobs bureau census table average low level occupations figure heavily experience women
denial anger accompanied desperation herpes sufferers frantically want believe cure willing try gimmicks complicated regimens home remedies disease abound herpes victims known buy kelp powder red seaweed vitamin oil vitamins minerals false hope substances clear disease victims known put cold milk compresses yogurt blisters doctor patient bathes lesions scotch effort burn sufferers try acupuncture hypnosis herpes syndrome evidence disease deals terrible blow victim image herpes resource center chapters country regularly receive calls sufferers say contemplated suicide letters express sentiments disease castrated psychologically feel loathsome worthless untouchable single herpes shatter relationships render social erratic frustrating victims withdraw patricia farmer pseudonym deliberately avoid relationships don let involved lover point rejected herpes miss farmer management consultant successful articulate widely traveled strikingly pretty speaks surprising candor sex full active definition tone dispassionate constrained place chosen meet hushed lounge private club midtown manhattan knew herpes fell love ago idea picked disease lover silent carrier
membership professional associations licensing conditional demonstration moral fitness privileges occasion denied cohabiting wedlock equal credit opportunity act prohibits discrimination granting credit grounds marital status question marital status construed include living doubt credit unions violating federal law refusing grant credit couples living unmarried development legal protection cohabiting couples discrimination insurance states prohibit insurance companies refusing coverage charging higher premiums states york family court help persons deal disputes occurring family setting persons legally related order access court privilege confidential communication unlike married persons called testify court power attorney helpful couples living recognized authority consent medical treatment case emergency numerous inequities present tax structure result permitting married couples income joint return pay taxes income single persons turn pay income married couple persons cohabiting claim dependents couple remain unmarried partner home receive social security benefits retirement married partner injured dies job surviving partner receive workman compensation legal marriage
american culture balance tensions unequal power diminished central importance americans give individuality low place social romantic myth upheld ideals attachment commitment intimacy defensive culture dominant individualism abandoned high culture love myth weakened conservative set meanings embodied love commitment acceptance social attachment sacrifice restraint predominated longer sense passionate choice rebellious assertion identity gave depth power english european forms love myth women mothers mistresses lovers love implied trapped congealed domesticity contemporary period complex occurring love ideology important implications adulthood traditional love myth fused aspirations youth adulthood myth sanctioned youthful rebellion service finding adult commitments fusion moment moral meaning moment transition youth adulthood power myth glorifying intensifying period identity crystallized attachment discovered aspirations fulfillment realized intimacy achieved left adult sides love myth sustaining meaning identity commitment realization intimacy achieved simply supposed lifetime moral meaning lay able stick chosen continue animated commitments contemporary period valence love myth shifting ways youthful aspirations rebellion choice realization sexual expression idealized
hetherington al reported months divorce married friends remained supportive spent considerable divorced respondents contacts rapidly declined found dissociation marital friends greater women included social activities participated joint family outings days regarding social general hetherington al concluded social activities frequent divorced married couples divorce especially women find consistent results studies suggest divorced women likely fewer friends belong fewer organizations participate fewer recreational activities married women hetherington al trend suggests slow social immediately divorce increase social involvement results support found low social participation women months separation half participation increased social participation exceeded women hetherington al reported divorced women commented sense locked child true working nonworking mothers nonworking mothers complained social contacts professional associates husband divorce associations terminated contrast employed mothers contact coworkers relations extended hour social events contrast divorced women felt trapped divorced complained feeling shut rootless loose ends need engage social activities pleasurable
early american family education generally considered function home children likely follow parents footsteps educational process largely vocational nature later periods schooling terms short greater part children home working nineteenth century obvious nation education conscious twentieth century free public education building blocks american democracy fact term trend american education summed word schools number students teachers increased school lengthened children start school earlier age leave later today ages nearly youngsters attend kind school graduate high school half college levels nursery schools kindergartens colleges graduate schools educational services increased psychologists psychiatrists guidance experts vocational counselors doctors nurses social workers personnel directors clubs workshops seminars cooperatives service training programs part modern educational concept event process formal education academic vocational ceased family function colonial period acknowledged relationship religion education reasons children taught read familiarize bible fact puritans saw knowledge end means salvation realistic sense education religion looked family functions
earlier anthropologists morgan wrote extensively subject unlikely group marriage existed society dominant type marital union realistic think form theoretical construct institutionalized form matrimony rare instances group marriage reported toda india brazil appeared atypical pattern expediency stemming local conditions toda practiced female infanticide excess males result plural husbands accepted form marriage british discouraged infanticide proportion females increased occasionally group brothers add plural wives shared group marriage tend practice wife exchange reported existed indians wife lending practiced eskimo tribes thought light group marriage instances specific husband wife pair constitutes socially recognized enduring relationship eskimos wife lending apparently culturally accepted means sexual gratification husbands making treks distant camps wonder visitors shocked offered eskimo generosity moment reflection clear practice group marriage virtually nonexistent place advantages marital forms problems jealousy part sexes intensified difficult group marriage institutionalized significant scale incest taboo enforceable group families dozens children unknown paternity
roman era drew close tide christianity gathered momentum accorded legal recognition empire essentially christian religion oriented dignity individual brotherhood god heavenly father embodying infinite forgiveness love children worshiping god spiritual embodiment revealed christ followers christianity believed marriage instituted purpose gratification sexual desires ancestral spirits eyes god marriage held permanent relationship woman indissoluble till death part unlike hebrews christians sanctioned monogamy unlike greeks romans christians condemned sexual activities marriage unlike neighboring peoples christians preached divorce coming christianity salutary effects marriage family monogamy mentioned followers christianity originally poorer classes understandable resented plural wives wealthy hebrews mistresses greeks romans early church preached christian ideal entailed marriage woman premarital chastity postmarital fidelity fornication adultery severely condemned considered equally sexes church spoke strongly infanticide jesus taught divorce permissible reason mark luke inconsistency biblical passages states adultery sufficient divorce matthew point church leaders divided centuries
harmony society founded occurred curious events modern social history renounced sex marriage henceforth members lead celibate lives full details known step apparently debate states community changed marriage celibate ease families continued live household striking husband wife longer shared bed presumed children born society families children admitted attained membership husband wife renounced sexual claims theoretically surveillance checking sexual activities members visited community asked question kind watch safeguard intercourse sexes answer crystal clear told watch give depended strength religious convictions essence celibacy stipulation imposed leadership voluntary agreement stemming convictions membership accounts younger members initiated celibacy program puts follows celibacy requirement explicitly stated constitution bylaws doubt holier goal society succumbed nature temptation soon began feel uncomfortable subjected feeling inferiority resulted voluntary withdrawal society
boys wear hair dutch bob occasional trimming home women girls adhere age custom parting hair middle combing flat knotting biblical injunction amish women heads covered times girls women conform wearing small white lawn cap worn characteristic black bonnet public women wear shawls capes amish conservatism goes quaint mode dress list modern inventions devices rejected read technological inventory telephones radios televisions automobiles modern plumbing furnaces bathrooms inside toilets washing machines electric lights taboo amish home involving electricity permitted amish aversion telephone riding bus automobile general modern improvements considered dangerous traditional ownership forbidden automobile talked case point impression amish horse buggy automobiles expensive maintain horse drawn vehicles animals supply manure farm elements truth contentions fact horse buggy part amish clothes wear amish especially articulate individuals asked ban autos routinely reply actually auto represents threat established
advent italian americans find cultural crossroads hand proud cultural heritage intention rejecting show proclivity changing names shedding ethnic identity italian commonly spoken foreign languages united states sentimental barzini refers italy realm spirit geographical entity italian americans ages maintain real affection flavored urban atmosphere trek suburbs slow understandable gans wrote book italian community boston called urban villagers reports community houses buildings leveled urban development project residents weekends walk neighborhood rubble strewn streets sociological analysis ethnic settlements york city authors write spatial distribution jews today bears relation pattern italian districts large measure italian neighborhoods shells inhabited exclusively older married sons daughters stayed close parents striking neighborhoods artfully adapted higher standard living simply deserted groups american style tenements housed families house half houses rebuilt inside amount skilled building crafts labor italian community furniture brought apartments cars line streets restaurants reflect quality affluence serve friends relatives neighborhood moved income greater cost quality housing suggest
college situation age differentials significance clear students age basis freshman girl date virtually boy college senior marriage market shrunk quarter original size case boy situation reversed age basis college senior times dating opportunity freshman final age limiting factor american custom early matrimony age marriage united states fallen turn century average median age marriage women figures present roughly women downward trend leveled today figures slightly higher decades ago average age marriage college graduates women higher general population cross cultural basis americans marry young compared industrial societies median age marriage lower england france norway switzerland austria japan highest medians traditionally ireland males females added age factor important young middle aged age difference mates age loom large difference age small older age factor flexible definition majority age group married
interesting comprehensive mate selection theories stage sequence proposed murstein stimulus role theory holds free choice situation couples stages prior marriage stimulus stage individual drawn perception physical social attributes perception qualities attractive person stimulus attraction based visual auditory cues interaction stage involves deal simply looks young appeal looks known law school comes wealthy family murstein points result previous experiences build image attractiveness opposite sex utilizing social exchange terminology author goes say physically unattractive liability desire woman asset beauty assuming qualities rewarding gains profit relationship suit likely rejected rejection cost lower esteem increase fear failure future encounters decide avoid attempting court women perceives attractiveness contrariwise likely feel highly confident success tries date woman attractive risks chance rejection low cost reward conquest low profitability move low
traditional sense american sex laws based christian moral codes modified influenced roman law sex codes english ecclesiastical courts reflecting seriousness sex regarded christian heritage present laws outgrowths reproductive concept sex marriage held illegal fornication prostitution incest adultery punishable law denying fact american sex laws strict reaching meant goes saying instances sex laws hardships especially case unmarried widowed divorced conform legal requirement sex marriage advocate repeal softening existing codes observers endorse legal principles humane keeping realities situation states modified laws line philosophy believe sex laws enacted fit needs individuals groups embody principles suited society recognizing injustices current system individuals convinced institution marriage important weakening form legalizing sex ultimately adverse societal effects laws united states premarital necking petting making despite fact behavior involves erotic arousal point orgasm interesting contemplate reason omission strict legal code
returning subject normal conception subsequent development zygote truly remarkable process end month embryo approximately quarter inch length increased original weight thousand times early stage development close examination reveal beginnings body head arms legs end months fetus grown inches length bones teeth begun develop sex determined spontaneous movements occasionally month fetus nearly foot weighs pound fingernails toenails developed head hair begun grow seventh month weight increased pounds fetal movements easily felt mother birth occur child chance survival ninth month full term weight area pounds length inches movement conception full term birth fetus increases size weight million times provide tremendous increase uterus increases times original size weight placenta nourishment oxygen pass mother offspring process membranous absorption osmosis note direct connection blood streams body makes blood believed receive supply mother neural connection mother offspring common superstition prenatal experience part mother called maternal impression affect unborn child simply superstition
bahr survey data marital satisfaction tended higher wife employed differences small investigators test role congruence hypothesis according hypothesis employment status wife unimportant important decision agreement attitudes husband wife analysis data provided partial support role congruence hypothesis expected husband favored wife employment greater marital satisfaction husband wife contrary hypothesis wife attitude favored female employment lower satisfaction husband wife findings obviously contradictory wright aptly points conflicting forces apparently working women enjoy income increase independence result house pay benefits reduced free hectic pace complicated housewife contrast easier middle class housewife certainly hectic housework possibly satisfying labors employed counterparts interplay positive negative aspects roles produce strikingly symmetrical pattern satisfactions derived factor mentioned hand women find satisfaction employment housework hand women find substantial amount housework child care addition employment
view unstructured role aged easy kinship relations loom large lives mentioned earlier small percentage live institutions live spouses percent residence adult children fact percent elderly live children mean children rejected fact older prefer live elderly woman remarked writer absolutely desire live children physically able want stay place love children sure love living live friends want cook bathroom youngsters underfoot don feel children mine going stay asked couple times moving living children birds despite desire older live homes research clearly large majority live children mutual mutual help commonplace troll miller report older parents middle aged children middle class families live regular weekly visiting maintain contact telephone letter writing extended visits
mentioned stigma attached married divorced longer true young woman today prefers career marriage stigmatized envied successful finally course matter cohabitation likely individuals chosen simply live temporarily permanently marry topic cohabitation estimated percentages discussed section reasons doubt population growing fact million unmarried adults united states figure include widowed divorced married surprisingly knowledge married group grown recent suggestion group tends migrate larger cities jacoby survey respondents comment single person minding business big city survey found single satisfy upper middle class group affluent singles need choose tacky studio apartment putting money especially combating loneliness singles money difficult translate theoretical freedom afforded single reality lawyer emphasized point plans close highly successful law practice wants travel try write fiction small growing numbers upper middle class women enjoying combination money success single freedom male preserve
late resurgence caught sociologists general public surprise communes shapes sizes spring overnight sacred secular urban rural structured unstructured variety appeared limitless catered younger age groups hippie types groups reported consisted entirely middle class members exactly communes formed sixties seventies unknown number ran thousands rate failure high obvious concerned communal living advantages problems proved insurmountable let examine sides coin join communes number reasons cases underlying factor relates general dissatisfaction society commune members contend superior cutthroat methods employed effort avoid materialistic contamination communes tend separatist practicable locate rural area catch communes consist individuals reared urban suburban environment consequence membership likely lack agricultural skills lack equipment farm machinery expensive land problem farm acreage expensive inadequate plumbing lack indoor toilets poor cooking facilities insufficient heat things tend aggravate problem costs money culture commune unalterable reality money scarce urban communes course economic problems hand members contribute money group survive
twenty chapters ago pointed american family shows signs weakness strength intervening pages pros cons spelled hand traditional family functions agencies sexual gratification considered province husband wife increasingly condoned bonds marriage wife abuse child abuse increasingly publicized illegitimacy climbed sharply upward divorce rates americans heading skyward institution marriage weakened argument goes number alternative styles developed discussed previous pages hand common observation suggests family system exactly falling americans marry spite severe pressures manage stay married children cherished indications family genuinely rewarding experience true recent number alternative styles emerged critical impact dominant family system public professional interest family evidenced marriage counseling family education marriage enrichment programs remains high words family centered society counter argument goes final question comes direction american family heading writer inclined moderately optimistic subject thing community strongly concerned families kin family network continues show pervasive vitality grassroots movement overthrow system
important function money perform society makes existence enduring early civilizations discovered money allowed division labor specialization apparent total output community greater individual specialize tasks proverbial jack trades master individual specializing cobbler instance expert productive person function blacksmith specialize hunters farmers general engage tasks community specialization problems specialize service easily exchanged food necessities primary function money facilitate exchange course exchange place barter barter exchange complicated inefficient barter economy shoemaker wants wheat bread find farmer wants shoes shoemaker pair triple shoes prove difficult find person giant farmer major problem barter economy double coincidence finding desiring output problem price goods services suppose shoemaker found giants wanted triple shoes commodities wheat trade giant offers chickens shoes giant offers complete set pittsburgh steelers superbowl champion bubble gum trading cards cobbler quickly recalls loaves bread trade chicken bubble gum cards trade loaves bread
budget period unit group budget positions balanced budget position income expenditures equal surplus position income period exceeds current expenditures deficit position expenditures period exceed receipts financial system concerned funneling purchasing power surplus spending units deficit spending units include households local governments federal government periods large number businesses economic units group business firms governments typically surprisingly group households problem transfer excess purchasing power wish borrow finance current expenditures transfer accomplished ssu lending money accepting written promise pay specific sum money principal interest rate fee privilege borrowing money period maturity loan ious called financial claims claims money holdings future date financial claim liability interest rate payments penalty consuming income earned ssu financial claim asset interest earned reward postponing current consumption fact financial claims ious liabilities borrowers assets lenders illustrates faces debt financial claim outstanding lender ssu hold claim matures alternatively ssu sell financial claim matures
equilibrium rate interest ro shown exhibit frame intersection aggregate demand funds schedule aggregate supply funds schedule ro equilibrium supply funds equals demand funds competitive forces allowed operate financial sector forces supply demand bring interest rate point ro interest rates equilibrium excess supply funds higher rate entice borrowers purchase excess funds lenders lower rates rates lowered ro rate interest hand market rate interest equilibrium rate excess demand funds higher interest rates decrease borrowers demand funds increase supply funds provided lenders supply demand funds equal ro equilibrium rate ro exhibit frame temporary equilibrium point force shift positions supply demand funds produce change equilibrium rate interest specifically increase level interest rates accomplished increase demand decrease supply funds similarly decline level interest caused increase supply reduction demand funds exhibit frame shows impact level interest rates increase stock money federal reserve
biggest problems fed controlling bank reserves attempting compensate cash drains holidays seasons large amounts cash flow depository institutions illustrated accompanying chart cash flows depository institutions lose legal reserves vault cash remember counted part legal reserve requirements fed depository institutions contract deposit holdings public withdrew cash holidays conversely holiday expand deposits deal public put cash depository institutions increasing vault cash reserves fed want seasonal cash banking system affect money supply tries neutralize seasonal adjustment computer program takes account times holidays trading days determine seasonal outflow cash expect similar program determine adjust depository institutions reserves adequate meet economy changing needs course fed expects financial institutions experience seasonal cash tries neutralize expected leakage reserves buying securities open market temporary agreements actions increase depository institutions reserves fed offset loss vault cash conversely fed expects cash flow depository institutions tries contract depository institutions reserves fed selling government securities letting agreements expire entering reverse agreements seasonal variations reserves difficult fed judge restrictive reserve policies
principal source funds banks deposit accounts demand savings deposits economically deposit accounts similar sources funds borrowed bank legally deposits precedence sources borrowed funds case bank failure holders accounts insured loss maximum account federal deposit insurance company fdic demand deposits held checking accounts owner creditor bank entitled receive funds demand write checks account transfers legal ownership funds demand deposits account sources funds commercial banks serve basic medium exchange economy accounting thirds total money supply closely consumer transactions important source funds small consumer oriented banks large banks exhibit demand deposits individual corporations local governments held primarily transaction purposes united states treasury department holds deposits commercial banks treasury accounts maintained help banks avoid large fluctuations reserves occur treasury deposited consumers businesses tax loan payments directly fed treasury deposits called tax loan accounts held commercial banks small banks hold substantial demand deposits large urban banks called correspondent balances recipient bank invest loan part deposits earn income correspondent balances provide compensation large correspondent banks services provide respondent banks
marked beginning era bank liquidity practices previously believed liquidity entirely asset side balance sheet exception temporary borrowing federal reserve bank discount window liability management argues banks liability side balance sheet liquidity historically banks treated liability structure fixed pool funds short run bank asset holdings tailored deposit variability characteristics liabilities liability management banks target asset growth adjust liabilities sources funds needed bank needs additional funds liquidity purpose merely buys funds money markets let examine theory liability management liability management based assumption types bank liabilities sensitive interest rate raising interest rate paid liabilities market rate bank immediately attract additional funds hand lowering rate paid liabilities bank allow funds run liabilities mature bank liabilities employed liability management negotiable certificates deposit cd federal funds agreements borrowings securities sensitive interest rates markets large accommodate activities commercial banking system bank liabilities savings accounts demand deposits interest rate sensitive posted offering rate result significant funds term debt bank capital liability management takes bring securities market
mutual savings banks issue wide variety deposits addition savings power issue demand deposits addition offer accounts approximately thirds mutual savings banks deposits deposits percent demand deposits remainder savings deposits savings loan associations primarily issue certificates deposit end percent liabilities deposits percent savings deposits percent accounts percent consisted demand deposits future thrifts demand deposits grow expand services commercial customers accounts grow able provide full services consumers money market deposit accounts grow deposit insurance advantage attract customer deposits money market mutual funds mutual savings banks obtain small amount liabilities borrowing generally borrow private sources issue agreements customers purchase federal funds financial institutions issue mortgage backed bonds borrow regulators act passed gained access federal reserve discount window terms commercial banks borrowings provide large source funds largest source funds savings loan associations borrow federal home loan banks private sources tap national international money markets issuing commercial paper mortgage backed bonds end private borrowings equalled percent assets borrowings called advances federal home loan banks equalled percent
primary regulator credit unions national credit union administration board members appointed president overlapping terms charters insures regulates examines federally chartered credit unions insures examines federally insured chartered credit unions end federal chartered credit unions jurisdiction insurance activities conducted national credit union share insurance fund addition board supervises central liquidity fund credit unions federal home loan bank board promotes welfare growth institutions supervises credit unions chartered alaska delaware south dakota wyoming district columbia general power charter examine supervise credit unions resides agency regulates chartered commercial banks thrift institutions approximately percent credit unions chartered federal credit unions deposit insurance october congress enacted legislation providing eligible federally chartered credit unions deposit insurance program administered national credit union share insurance fund insures member shares maximum amount limits fdic fslic federally chartered credit unions half chartered credit unions insured remaining credit unions insured insurance systems uncommon sponsor liquidating credit union volunteer funds return percent member shares occurs frequently occupational credit unions employers vested interest welfare employees credit unions lender resort central liquidity facility clf
finance companies rapidly expanded mortgage lending number reasons rapid inflation substantially increased equity homes home equity largest single asset ways tap asset sell homes borrow equity mortgages phenomenon increased demand mortgages late finance companies increased willingness supply mortgages revisions consumer protection laws federal bankruptcy reform act difficult collect defaulted debts debts unsecured mortgages provided excellent security finance company loans event default result losses loans low finance companies preferred mortgage loans unsecured personal loans finance companies converted half personal loan business mortgage lending factor increased supply demand mortgage loans inflation caused interest rates rise increased consumers demands credit restrictive rate ceilings finance companies charge higher rates interest loans costs funds rose shown exhibit making larger loans earn higher net rates return consumer lending activities mortgages provided finance companies obtain higher rate return net costs loans consumers obtain larger loans desired mortgage lending expanded rapidly expense traditional consumer loans inflation home equity revisions consumer protection laws effect inflation costs funds consumers demands credit
reduced cost computer communications technology home banking feasible home banking computers connections telephone lines cable tv networks access depository institution account records allow check account balances pay bills cooperating merchants transfer funds accounts allow home budget accounting tax records organized fashion home banking devices frequently access computer utility networks source computerized information service systems networks provide stock commodity market quotations electronic shopping current news weather reports airline travel information computer games host services home banking network select item buy electronic catalog order transfer funds merchant pay purchase transfer funds savings checking account replenish balance able record item proper home budget category note deductible item tax planning home banking gains public popularity leery computers basically run system home terminals communications devices initially expensive potential usage systems grows cheaper communications techniques likely pre existing telephone lines tv set provide home banking provided consumer interface equipment link communicate depository institution computer proper adjustments home computers video game machines provide home banking services generation players grows feel comfortable operating computerized devices
chapter examines money market economic area short term credit instruments bought sold money market vital part nation financial system daily transactions participants typically ranging hundreds billions dollars working market commercial banks businesses adjust liquidity federal reserve conducts monetary policy federal government sells debt finance operations reason unaware large important market businesspeople encounter daily activities general public rarely invests directly chapter focuses economic reasons money markets major money market participants money market instruments interest rate relationships money market instruments money markets businesses governments individuals borrow lend funds short periods days exhibit shows treasury bills dominant money market instrument billion outstanding commercial paper negotiable certificates deposit money market instruments large volume outstanding important respective markets represent investment alternatives money market participants close market instruments links money markets actually money market consists collection markets trading distinctly financial instruments formal organization york stock exchange equity markets central activity money markets dealers brokers specialize money market instruments dealers buy securities position sell security inventories trade takes place
discussed chapter variety arrangements financial claims brought market direct credit market important participants investment bankers investment bankers firms specialize helping business firms governments bring securities issues debt equity market finance capital expenditures purchasing entire issue issuer relieving issuer responsibility distributing security assisting issuer selling securities broker basis issue small investment banker handle entire issue larger issues investment bankers form temporary partnerships called syndicates conducting business activities investment bankers act dealers brokers participate financial markets term investment banker misleading involved banking accepting deposits making loans glass act prohibits commercial banks types securities law passed fear investment banking activities risky banks leading bank failures lead control corporations end nearly firms industry dominated top percent firms exhibit lists ten largest investment banks ranked dollar amount corporate securities debt equity underwritten largest firm merrill lynch corporate municipal securities offices largest firms salomon brothers morgan stanley underwrite large amounts securities fewer offices number offices primarily reflects extent firm involved retail side securities business
number reasons dramatic growth american banking overseas expansion trade growth multinational corporations effects government regulations domestic profit opportunities impetus financing trade deficits petroleum prices generated foreign countries decade marked rapid growth international trade full major currencies rapid expansion major corporations abroad american firms expanded overseas american banks encouraged follow american businesses prefer deal familiar banks understand operations banks financed expansion letters credit bankers credit instruments interest foreign banking operations encouraged regulatory environment united states specifically set government programs designed restrain outflow funds united states help country balance payments problems exerted strong influence international activities banks federal government capital control program consisted foreign direct investment program interest equalization tax voluntary foreign credit restraint program corporations limited amount funds transfer corporate affiliates overseas foreign affiliates restrained amount locally generated earnings retain reinvestment purposes imposed tax securities foreign origin equalized lowered effective yield securities foreign securities attractive residents ultimate impact tax difficult foreigners including foreign affiliates corporations finance capital requirements american financial markets
bankers disposal ways reducing risk international lending basic avenues open seek party support form insurance loan guarantees share risk exposure participating loans lenders important diversify loans borrowers countries banks reduce foreign lending risk party agree pay principal interest event borrower typically foreign governments central banks course guarantees intent ability repay promise politically unstable underdeveloped country mean government guarantees loans ability repay strained number loans default simultaneously alternative foreign government guarantees external guarantee banks reduce foreign lending risk lending exporters insure trade credit foreign credit insurance association organization insurance companies united states insurance covers individual transactions percentage arising credit loss political hazards political risks export import bank makes credit investigations individual borrowers sovereign risk typically insurance covers percent credit risk percent risk political hazards insurance premium paid exporter depends credit rating borrower rating established country
nestled heart europe switzerland historically remained neutral century european political instability recently neutral tensions eastern communist western countries result swiss banking enjoyed unique position international banking community haven seeking financial political stability banking confidentiality swiss banking formula extremely successful swiss banks hold deposits disproportionately large relative size small swiss economy table shows swiss banks ranked largest swiss banks enjoyed close financial ties united states swiss american banks worked participation loans foreign exchange transactions banker acceptance letter credit markets recently swiss united states banks find grouped syndicates swiss banks closely united states financial firms purchases american stocks bonds swiss banks generally largest foreign security deals transacted wall street swiss banks american investment banks underwrite issues market cooperative joint venture firms credit boston mysterious understood swiss bank activities number deposit accounts banks switzerland number countries allow bank security safekeeping accounts listed depositor owner securities identified number commonly known swiss banking law requires swiss banks identify true owner funds order person entitled transact funds
nation girded war constitutions statutes reflected racism existed middle west severity discriminatory legislation varied imposed legal disabilities black residents states barred negroes suffrage militia illinois indiana provisions education colored children negroes permitted testify white persons court iowa ohio illinois excluded color jury service interracial marriages forbidden michigan ohio indiana illinois ohio denied negroes benefits poor relief provided racially segregated public schools exclusion laws carrying severe penalties prohibited negroes settling indiana illinois iowa negroes fared social relationships civil political rights lumped lowest level society governed color caste system variations social practices colored generally victims segregation ostracism public opinion apparently enforced dictates unwritten code demanded rigorous separation races indiana newspaper editor wrote negroes suffered severely terrible irresistible law public sentiment rule constantly subject insults annoyance traveling daily practically excluded social privileges christian communion spirit moderation eased plight districts ohio western reserve allowed colored children attend white schools permitted negroes vote hold office oberlin antioch colleges ohio admitted students iowa parts illinois indiana exclusion laws enforced free negro immigrants fugitive slaves found havens refuge quaker settlements indiana ohio cass county michigan
drastic steps repel incoming blacks parts midwest areas illinois indiana exclusion laws fugitive slave law enforced june whig united states senator thomas lancaster ohio reported influx black refugees produced mob small scale quiet town causing laboring portion discontent antislavery radicalism erupted violence cincinnati lecture march crowd giving groans nigger phillips pelted eloquent abolitionist orator wendell phillips eggs stones phillips forced retire audience rushed stage threatening lynch tar feather events furor negro influx gravely republicans realized democrats leading clamor understood majority midwestern voters opposed large numbers negroes communities senator john sherman ohio thomas privately agreed passage general abolition bill southern ohio uninhabitable driven enactment harsh cruel exclusion laws radical senator jacob howard michigan notified colleague slaves freed distributed states proportion white population michigan blacks howard retorted canada affords fine market wool senator lyman illinois candidly told senate aversion west free negroes want negro
summer racial turmoil midwest decision union adjournment congress clamor slavery negro debate continued respite struggle entered phase congress adjourned campaign fall elections progress opposing political parties bitterly fighting emancipation status negro background discontent abraham lincoln quietly surely drew outlines plan coping problems slavery race attitudes middle west helped shape fateful course famous son political campaigns proceeded events midwest warned growing hostility black race union armies drove southward stream fugitive slaves flowed war torn plantations free states exaggerated press reports fugitives numbers publicized flight freedom northern laborers told low wages paid black workers arriving north according democratic newspapers daily wages commanded negroes ranged ten cents illinois pennsylvania eighteen cents iowa july august tension negro labor competition snapped violence toledo chicago cincinnati group negroes white workers job chicago docks general riot ensued toledo race strife wages left dead wounded number negro shanties torn worst outbreak erupted july cincinnati river landing hundred whites number negroes battled wages employment days later thousand whites attacked negro ghetto cincinnati caused considerable property damage
final emperor tried appease approaching strangers induce depart aztec war chiefs wizards warriors presented golden feathers necklaces point gods began grinning picked gold fingered monkeys transported joy truth gold bodies swelled greed hungered pigs gold strangers asked indian interpreters leading aztec envoy emperor replied servant montezuma indians accompanied strangers knew informed gods lie quetzalcoatl shouted aztec impersonator fool try deceive fool mock deceive flatter trick turn destroy dazzle throw dust eyes montezuma hide coming meet face face god drew closer city montezuma abandoned efforts halt progress indians eager god arrival especially tribes tlaxcalans chafed aztec rule centuries indian prince city texcoco led joining strangers army accepting religion prince understand quetzalcoatl pretended worship greater god listened god explained emperor christians order instruct law christ
powhatan exerted power region smith known chief thirty indian tribes spread coast virginia powhatan ruled loosely knit kingdom dubbed confederacy thomas jefferson century half later authority montezuma mexico roughly equivalent european monarchs james indian tribes spoke common language algonkian shared common cultural beliefs practices powhatan leadership jamestown settlement powhatan expanded consolidated control virginia tribes respect military power commanded gun carrying white newcomers powhatan displayed apparent sense inferiority welcomed john smith potential ally remaining indian enemies especially tribes escaped domination remaining mountainous piedmont region coast powhatan evidently liked notion trading food tribes plenty european weapons military support seventeen later smith wrote captivity powhatan village mentioned episode involving indian favorite daughter twelve pocahontas eating meal prepared guards according smith account abruptly bound tied boulders presumably prelude execution suddenly indians ready clubs pocahontas king dearest daughter head laid save death contented live tale pocahontas rescue smith happened survived myth memory days alleged brush death smith indian guides bearing gifts food returned jamestown
arrived boston witchcraft controversy salem topped agenda unresolved problems governor decided skirt direct involvement leaving organize military campaign french canada appointed lieutenant governor william chief justice special court dispose trials involving accused witches began trials salem town june judged bridget bishop woman reputed smooth flattering manner salem flirtatious notorious extravagant habits dress bridget suspected witchcraft earlier marriage gained release trial punishment current spouse tavern owner edward bishop denounced witch afflicted girls renewed accusations reputable salem testified seen bridget employ spells charms making advances claiming loved injured rebuffed proposals bridget movements courtroom provoked usual round shrieks complaints afflicted joined confessed witch deliverance hobbs denouncing bridget devilish activities evidently magistrates hathorne selected bishop lead trials order strongest case start judges convinced concerning validity earlier examinations statements accusers accused prior trial admitted evidence subsequent trials medical examination bridget turned obligatory testimony concerning witch tit subsequently disappeared search house produced rag dolls cellar allegedly stuck pins
strains revolutionary war upset existing economic social order merchants traded british mercantile patterns found hard adjust commercial conditions independent nation beginning governmental power held previously british officials passed american control thousands administrators ordinary persons loyal crown fled thirteen states tories left canada england west indies remained united states suffered loss wealth status power revolutionaries governments required loyalty oaths punished wealthy tories lands merchants small farmers planters alike forced adjust situations traditional markets credit sources seriously altered southern planters lost normal markets tobacco slaves escaped british lines receiving promises liberation largely broken british officials revolution economic disruption proved range benefits upwardly mobile americans national economy loss tobacco markets encouraged accelerated diversification agriculture upper south led establishment markets agrarian entrepreneurs massachusetts newly prosperous merchant families moved quickly boston port cities replace fleeing discredited tories helping establish remarkable rapidity commercial elite loyal revolution operating british restrictions hindered navigation acts restrictive legislation pre revolutionary decade half american ships traded west indies south america china
days settlements massachusetts americans felt building form society serve inspiration corrupt city hill puritans called experiment political independence won americans believed united states set amity entire trading freely country remaining independent uninvolved disputes european powers policy reflected practical considerations nation hope militarily involved foreign conflict suffering severe social economic dislocation home outright military defeat events show americans hope steer clear conflicts struck heart country prosperity months adoption constitution washington inauguration french revolution began sending tremors european monarchical growing uneasiness events france helped persuade britain recognize establish full relations united states deflect close links revolutionary societies america france britain france european nations war french revolution lent struggle intensity american cabinet meetings soon reflected passion secretary jefferson minister france watched beginnings french revolution returning home developed warm sympathy french increasingly supported goals revolution shaken execution louis xvi ensuing reign terror hamilton hand saw destruction monarchs aristocracy end civilized society
van buren term drew close whigs marshaled forces unseat democrats support wealthy americans recently received influx democrats swallowed jackson bank policy endorse van buren whigs held appeal voters middle class working working voted whig fear hatred democratic immigrants whigs found support south wealthiest planters heavy dealings eastern businessmen identified financial interests whigs hard core support west recent settlers england party stronghold addition whigs attracted business interests concerned economic social expansion rejecting jacksonian fears panics paper money whigs argued country needed economic development wanted roads canals railroads credit investors government including federal government play active role spurring development benefit whigs smelled victory presidential election factions united van buren president office shouldered responsibility warned communities apt look government negative attitude federal power help search votes van buren problems election approached magician slavery issue disappear trying slavery national politics losing votes sides southerners attacked refusing annex texas american settlers set independent republic chapter northerners regarded soft slavery attacked refusing support abolition district columbia
sam houston arrived washington senator texas magnificent barbarian tempered civilization stately foot lion countenance capable expressing fiercest passions flamboyant speech manner dressed character favorite ensemble included gold headed cane panther skin waistcoat large sombrero mexican blanket age fifty freshman senator legend runaway youth tennessee frontier lived cherokees dubbed raven hero war andrew jackson governor tennessee mid thirties fame grew victorious commander chief battle san jacinto won independence texas president republic prime mover achieving annexation united states texas slave sam houston slaveholder john kennedy wrote southerner birth residence loyalty philosophy independent unique popular forceful dramatic individuals enter senate chamber bind sectional ties north south union southern vote laws compromise tennessean southern senators vote kansas nebraska bill houston staunch defense union cost presidential ambitions denounced mad fanaticism north mad ambition south caught
sherman marveled skill carrying order forage liberally fact proves proficient sherman army started march driving thousand head cattle ended ten thousand confederate forces agonizing weeks small cavalry units confederate army raid foraging parties effect hood army marched northwest tennessee defeat georgians fighting age serving southern forces militia reduced thousand young boys tried stand capital union forces swept viewing casualties northern officer wrote affected sight dead wounded hope shoot fighting think officers fell november georgia officials fled short invading yankee officers decided mock sovereign georgia pretended hold session legislature complete resolutions fire eating oratory decided repeal ordinance secession sherman heard antics laughed legislators ordered burning public buildings town sherman soldiers sliced path forty sixty miles wide central georgia white family underwent ordeal emerged sorrowful story tales devastation commonplace houses broken sacked food valuables hidden found recurrent searches treasured family possessions tossed flames cotton public buildings put torch
beginning called radical governments set according congressional regulations black voters majority radical electorate states alabama florida louisiana mississippi south carolina south white radical majorities supported black voters blacks whites registered voters radical constitutions congress readmitted louisiana states union radical rule june end ten confederate states readmitted union south blacks filled public offices highest offices blacks hold office proportion percentage voters legislature south carolina black majority black reconstruction southern governor states black lieutenant governors black united states senators fifteen congressmen entire period radical rule black political leaders educated distinguished figures entire south francis cardozo south carolina treasurer held degrees universities london glasgow making educated politician south race radicals south included groups southerners prewar whigs secret union sympathizers war southern businessmen planters joined radicals hoped governments help northern capitalists republican politicians rebuild south shattered economy radicals included farmers disliked blacks hated confederates led considered loss rich war poor fight
despite employer resistance working class disunity led took part pullman strike inherited tradition industrial union activity half century jacksonian america factory workers craftsmen attempted form unions trade organizations lasted civil war half century number major unions formed unions employed strike weapon rarely complete success strikes occurred united states involving million workers turbulent depression million thrown percent country force strikes called period numerous small armies unemployed marched washington demanding federal relief assistance national level union movement faced number difficulties half century civil war national unions rose fell unsuccessful strikes opposition middle class inability unions hold loyalty workers national labor union played prominent role briefly depression knights labor leadership terence powderly major force labor movement decade unions favored improvement american worker economic broad program reform american society knights employed salaried middle class americans membership tried unsuccessfully organize series strikes set cooperative factories stores owned workers alternative privately run corporations leaders knights blamed haymarket affair attacked anarchists
striking feature election republicans ability put national majority cut class lines mc won votes industrialists middle class majority urban workers bryan failed capture cities votes industrial laborers despite planks democratic platform urban workers evidently felt economic interests protected pro business republican president democratic candidate spoke rich twang midwestern rural america mainly problems farmers bryan failed hold democratic party traditional supporters business middle class ethnic groups failure single important factor defeat bryan failed create farmer laborer small businessman coalition believed win national power needed political economic reforms succeed laying groundwork reformers democratic party republicans process bryan set precedent active presidential campaigning subsequent major party candidates twentieth century end struggle change american society gathered momentum late despite bryan defeat despite disappearance populism despite country return economic prosperity mc cabinet conservative president wanted tinkering financial machine part mc reactionary issues insisted raising tariff demands conservatives resulting dingley tariff pushed rates upward average percent
called yellow fever cuba spanish american war brought thousands american troops war hundreds lay death disease columbia barracks havana doctors nurses worked try save victims frustrated lack knowledge caused disease transmitted dedicated army doctor major walter reed return cuba reed strode office surgeon united states army washington requested cuba equipment personnel needed conduct full study dangerous fatal disease yellow fever reed practicing doctor research scientist suited task sought born virginia showed boy love knowledge force character control sense honor marked sixteen entered university virginia special permission months graduated class bellevue hospital medical college york received degree later hospital experience inspector board health brooklyn reed decided enter army surgeon wanted future secure carry scientific research examinations commission army medical corps notoriously difficult passed brilliantly commissioned february married april left immediately station arizona began garrison duty army posts west
robert kennedy americans profoundly shaken brother shot november operated satellite brother john closest adviser campaign manager attorney general acquired reputation ruthlessness pursuit brother interests acting hatchet jfk president kennedy shot dallas robert kennedy reassemble draw strength projects robert kennedy told local democratic leaders care thought care happened wanted brother elected president john president brother cabinet robert characterized chiefly driving intensity attorney general devoted large part justice department putting jimmy teamsters labor leader considered corrupt prison realizing assuming office desperate situation southern blacks assisted extent previous attorney general considered kennedy response situations tended visceral intellectual poised effective adviser cuban missile crisis death brother friend robert kennedy kind bruised animal wanted lyndon johnson running mate hated respective positions infused strong element mutual resentment brother edward senator massachusetts robert kennedy ran senate york
number cases involving racial discrimination heard warren court invalidated segregation public facilities laws prohibiting racial confronted legality convictions growing sit ins supreme court concluded cases demonstrators lawfully exercised free speech arrests based illegal segregation codes cases involving housing court ruled discriminatory practices sales rentals unconstitutional judicial attack discriminatory voter registration practices ample precedent early court invalidated texas white primary law alabama law requiring voters understand explain articles constitution ruled patently unconstitutional fifteenth amendment passage twenty fourth amendment prohibiting poll taxes voting requirement voting rights act supreme court continued rule laws designed deny blacks vote series cases upheld federal power prohibit poll taxes discrimination tests literacy tests voting requirements defending rights black equal protection law warren court enunciated procedures guaranteeing rights political dissenters accused criminals attack acts designed suppress political dissent court undermined legality mc era assault communists subversives political dissenters yates united states warren court held prosecuted smith act proven individual engaged specific acts advocating revolution
iranian crisis provided president carter winning strategy phase campaign reelection carter announced remain presidential helm white house camp david campaign person presidential primaries january june critics sneered rose garden strategy reference portion grounds surrounding white house view carter standing polls late strategy political silence prove golden president ineffectual critics raised competence issue connection administration recent memory grievously embarrassed number times close friend budget director bert lance georgia banker forced resign details complicated business arrangement light lance subsequently tried acquitted criminal charges ambassador united nations civil rights leader andrew young pro hyperbole calculated method international diplomacy sounding issues opposition basic administration policy unauthorized negotiations representatives avowedly terrorist palestinian liberation forced resignation carter brother billy family embarrassment taking loan claimed billy united states government libya chief national sponsor international terrorist groups congressional committee investigated billy carter lobbying activities libya behalf extraordinary loan efforts carter administration officials intervene behalf despite ongoing justice department criminal investigation carter appeared despondent brother libyan connection front page news told television audience crisis confidence governing country extremely difficult malaise gripping american preventing rising expectations chief executive
importance general acceptability medium exchange stressed sufficiently feature depends basically faith clearly critical characteristic money monetary history concerned methods governments instill quality general acceptability government issued money legal tender quality currency fact coinage paper money lawful money represents attempt convince money generally acceptable accepted individual important ensuring acceptability words lawful money fact government accept legal tender payment taxes significant outlet paper money wish rid close hand return paper source settle debts government times feature sufficed currency acceptable governments means currency accepted france revolution death penalty decreed unwilling accept national money imagine paper called generally acceptable short surprising understood natural evolution commodities precious metals money selected gold money widely purpose similarly nongovernmental money checking account funds intangible book entries money generally accepted checking account money willing accept credit checking account payment services rendered goods sold debts paid
note issues colonies set precedent financing american revolution taxation representation loomed large revolt taxation representation pleased public weak continental congress empowered impose taxes contributions states voluntary unfortunately extend million treasury took income million derived taxes remainder financed loans money creation supplies waging war payments army paper promissory notes figure issue june modest million later note issue amounted million noticeable result voluminous issue continentals decline case massachusetts rhode island money mentioned earlier beginning gold dollar buy continental dollars end took forty paper dollars buy dollar worth gold continental dollar fallen percent took eighty continental dollars acquire gold dollar law lead expect gold virtually disappeared soon falling paper public unwilling accept continentals occurred despite revolutionary fervor times despite severe penalties branding vendor creditor refused accept paper traitor states cancellation debt continental currency refused issuing paper money defended adjunct waging war consequences taught framers constitution lesson
despite history diatribes western religious philosophical ideologies taking receiving interest difficult visualize modern commercial economy operating interest rates interest universal phenomenon charged capitalist economies socialist developed economies developed interest rates prices send signals savers investors borrowers lenders private individuals firms public policy makers interest rates influence behavior obviously central study money banking introductory chapter interest rates begins defining terms proceeds discuss money capital markets considers impact risk maturity interest rates concludes examining recently introduced fast growing institution interest rate futures market mastered chapter gained fringe benefit working grasp financial pages newspaper typical consumer owns savings deposit commercial savings bank question interest rates arises consumer knows big sign window thrifty savings bank pays depositor percent savings account depositor leaves interest account compounding turn deposited sense true purchaser bond issued corporation buys bond issued say american telephone telegraph company face maturity date buyer receives percent interest rate stated bond certificate
existence instrument easy turned deposit earning asset highly liquid today major banks united states issue sophisticated money managers full advantage flexible option reduce demand deposit accounts push pull action high yield alternatives pushed funds demand deposits presence liquid asset offering competitive yields pulled funds deposit category shift strengthened deposit innovations mentioned chapter turned saving accounts checking accounts interest paying checking account certainly attractive earn income short higher interest rates greater liquidity deposits attracted funds deposits demand deposits difference depositors businesses consumers private companies local governments corporations banks exception government percentage point decline government owned deposits took place decades surveyed derived source unlike municipal governments federal government commercial banks arrange payments function performed federal reserve banks government deposits commercial banks partly compensate banks services performed charge government commercial banks issue redeem savings bonds collect tax revenues federal government treasury paid banks services collects interest deposits important motive maintaining deposits commercial banking system stabilization function performed deposits essence keeping deposits called treasury tax loan accounts banking system functions smoothly
game played protagonists federal reserve commercial banks ended stalemate early federal reserve suspended ceiling large similarly rescinded ceiling cd unleashed interest rate soon remains predominant instrument bank liability management short liability management banking system found method protecting deposit reductions income generating assets game benefits liability management individual banks weighed disadvantages banks economy constant devotion resources rules improving services offered public bringing costs bank operations means bank resources inefficiently ultimately borrowers depositors end paying increased burden burden caused large extent onerous regulations imposed banks monetary authorities general costs cat mouse game played bankers regulators liability management resulted bankers placing exposed positions liquid asset structure heavy commitment loans predicated flighty stable liability structure funds mobile leave bank fails offer competitive terms terms include interest rates depositors perceptions risk involved leaving funds banks confidence sensitive money lead flight funds bank threatening entire asset holdings course banks faced possibility runs past panics vividly demonstrated
half banks united states large attain optimum economic size half small full advantage economies scale operating cost level optimum banks force customers endure extra charges reduced services lower interest payments deposits public policy conclusions drawn preceding assessment condition banking system public policy mergers consensus view appears follows middle sized large sized banks taking advantage economies scale wish merge priori case mergers exists large efficiencies likely result consolidation harm arise reduced competition case favor merger strong instances economists jurists likely reach common decision permit merger small banks propose merger economist wont weigh benefits derived greater efficiency gained taking fuller advantage economies larger size potential impact merger advance conclusion presented case evaluated merits economist antitrust lawyer part company forced consider competitive impact economist broader view mergers declined importance reasons outlined earlier banks consolidated amassed greater power avenue bank holding company holding company legal device enables group individuals gain control number banks merging
focus chapter nonbank financial intermediaries selective consumer type financial institutions primary interest types cater business government basic features differ obviously special characteristics intermediaries unique share common characteristic role financial middlemen transformation process savings loan associations founded enable workers pool funds order finance home purchases date mortgages major asset accounting percent total assets regulated federal home loan bank board district federal home loan banks deposits insured federal savings loan corporation contrast federal reserve banks play significant role financing borrow funds selling securities lend money collected original function mutual savings banks serve repository small savings began prevalent eastern seaboard mortgages constitute primary asset investments important percentage total assets devoted mortgages percent percentage devoted investments percent deposits insured federal deposit insurance corporation credit unions grown rapidly recent mutual help associations engage primarily consumer lending tens billions dollars loans outstanding insignificant comparison amount commercial bank loans nature assets governmental regulation interest rates thrift institutions faced dilemma early
chapter opens survey structure federal reserve system learn players roles master intricacies game catalyst legislative action crisis panic provided impetus culminated federal reserve act panic differed periodic banking crisis common frequent occurrence american financial scene fearing bank failure large numbers depositors demanded gold coin demands met nature fractional reserve banking result suspension payments bank closings course justified public initial decision demand coin fueled fears vicious cycle bank failures causing losses bank stockholders absence deposit insurance depositors relied banks safeguard money diagnosis ailment discussed chapter issue inability money supply expand money needed contract demand money fell problem bank banking system inability obtain additional reserves order prevent deposit drain snowballing panic analysis national monetary commission congressional body established examine monetary banking system recommend needed reforms commission reported advocating national reserve association voluntary banker dominated organization action republican congress replaced democratic woodrow wilson president wilson suspected banker controlled system responsive banker needs public interest concern struck responsive chord congress
daily federal reserve intervenes government securities market purchaser seller shortly actions affect commercial bank reserves increasing case omo purchases decreasing case sales open market operations added monetary control arsenal accident federal reserve act permitted federal reserve banks acquire government securities idea provide source revenue early reserve banks acting traded securities accounts soon evident transactions affected securities markets reserves banking system realized reserve bank acting independently impact market hit miss affair coordinated effort called presidents twelve reserve banks formed open market investment committee protests structure power hands bank presidents government officials hands federal reserve board led compromise structure present federal reserve open market committee mentioned chapter banking act provided twelve member consist members federal reserve board president federal reserve bank york eleven bank presidents serve rotating basis decisions binding reserve banks assets acquired profits earned shared banks nowadays regular meetings held washington monthly
equality gnp product side income side important computational reasons critical theory presented chapter remember principle product produced income received income received equivalent amount output created aggregate nation entire nation production gnp definition equal receipts production output conversely entire nation current income production final goods services leaving gnp parting words devoted sources data identity permits national income accountants approaches checking assure consistent figures sure results precisely equal statistical discrepancy takes care considering discrepancy million hundredths percent gnp problem major difference billion percent gnp product side derived calculating category separately data government spending goods services obtained budget reports government entities export import data commerce department balance payments division data consumption spending calculated indirect process expenditures goods statisticians commodity flow approach trace flow goods beginning manufacturing level distribution network goods sold retail level goods derived manner expenditures services calculated separately
tribute total victory keynesian revolution twentieth century economist karl marx left imprint modern civilization marx predicted eventual dissolution western capitalism analysis keynes advocacy stabilization policy helped preserve capitalist system john maynard keynes born cambridge england john neville keynes noted economist florence keynes later mayor university town senior keynes chief administrative officer cambridge university surprising keynes son entered graduating eton excelled cambridge giants british economics establishment alfred marshall arthur cecil convinced wanted economist took examinations british civil service path led young respectable powerful prestigious career spent civil servant keynes chafed lack challenge opted academic career returning cambridge later soon outbreak war returned government service important british government ministries treasury war end keynes risen command structure treasury remarkable feat combination academic government service characterized keynes later keynes served numerous blue ribbon government commissions royal commission indian currency finance british delegation paris peace conference resigned protest impossible economic terms levied defeated germany macmillan committee finance industry woods conference bank international monetary fund
federal budget hand flexible document local budgets true variety reasons federal budget relies heavily personal corporate income taxes accounted percent federal government receipts compared percent local income collections taxes sources vary fluctuations income rising times prosperity falling poorer times quality income tax mechanism automatically corrects extent economic movements credit rating federal government sound superior borrowers united states finally significant constraint local budgetary policies exists benefits local expenditures accrue paid residents city roads benefit commuters similarly area taxes higher taxes lead reduced revenue induce flight taxing locality type escape exists respect impact federal budget set residence united states order escape federal tax burden inevitable consequence federal government government body flexibility budget foster retard gnp growth practical problems economic political nature frequently demonstrate wide gap theory reality true conceptually exercise oriented federal budgetary policy uncomplicated analysis model iii demonstrated government fiscal policy enters gnp determination process ways taxing government reduces disposable personal income consumption spending increases demand directly
fiscal policy taxes cut half consumers taxes withholding rates personal tax collections reduced corporations aided increased tax credit investment reduction corporate tax rate end monetary policy federal reserve portfolio securities increased billion december line open market policy reserve requirements reduced series steps discount rate cut number times brought percent december percent impact policies natural upswing business cycle led resurgence economic activity half continued figure shows economic recovery especially strong early part began falter progressed unemployment declined despairingly slow pace end million workers percent civilian labor force slack labor market substantial unused capacity temporary factors inflation moderated averaging percent figure fiscal policy budget deficit reached annual rate billion mid fell billion monetary policy part facilitated expansion monetary authorities watched slow progress recovery concern low rate inflation gave leeway ease monetary reins january reserve requirements deposits reduced discount rate lowered half percent percent
demand supply shift number reasons analyze impact exchange rate look figure begin yen rate equilibrium intersection assume demand dollars rises occurred japanese prices rising rapidly prices american products bargains japanese incomes risen leading stronger demand imports investment opportunities abroad political instability led japanese seek foreign haven funds marvelous american tourist attraction opened reasons american supply curve demand curve cuts higher exchange rate rise demand dollars leads increase dollar foreign exchange fall yen equilibrium rate yen dollar supply demand equated higher trade billion billion hand exchange rate pegged fixed yen dollar shift demand obviously changed exchange rate excess supply disappeared ending dollar purchases central bank japan course demand fallen exchange rate fallen case free market rates case fixed exchange rates increase excess supply pegged rate resulted similarly supply leading dollar holders offer fewer dollars lead exchange rate excess supply
need happen open economy necessarily higher interest rates induce capital foreigners domestic holders foreign currency ship funds purchases stocks bonds certificates deposit liquid assets swell reserves banking system decline reserves originating open market sale offset reserve increasing impact capital inflow extreme domestic monetary action effective slightest rise interest rates triggers countervailing capital flows reverse show policy problems disappear system flexible floating exchange rates turn market determined exchange rates suffer disadvantages fixed exchange rate system equilibrium rate moment functioning market ensures exchange rate international transactions place exists need concerned set exchange rate supply demand shifts market job nation needs hold foreign exchange reserves absence deficits extraneous terms figures exchange rates intersection supply demand curves deficits surpluses occur exchange rate pegged rate equilibrium trade payments balance domestic stability disappears obviously deficit surplus domestic stability relevant concern monetary policy regains independence directed domestic goals need concerned capital offsets statement requires elaboration
characteristic clearly distinguishes observations scientist scientist makes observations nonscientists typically casual observations professional investigators systematic plan prepare investigations advance carrying strive control conditions observations short psychology sciences follows rules dictate research let look suppose interested determining extent marijuana affects ongoing behavior chances approach problem significantly trained observer happened note friends smoke marijuana occasion conclude practically smokes attempting ascertain effects marijuana observer ask friends describe high feel stoned notice behavior find difficulty concentrating hand scientists wish obtain information extent effect marijuana begin carefully listing behaviors interested observing working systematic ways collecting relevant information sit groups smoking marijuana carefully recorded observations things verbal behavior alterations social interactions study depth backgrounds number marijuana users factors histories account marijuana explain behavioral effects
learned emotional reactions aversive nature suppose enjoy company person positive feelings conditioned previously neutral stimulus song adopted song person absence song evoke pleasant feelings experienced pleasant emotions setting find similar situations elicit pleasant emotions similar stimuli original conditioned stimulus greater intensity reaction fact intensity behavior generally decreases stimuli similar original cs seen real situations suppose girl father domineering overly strict generally mean highly competitive successful businessman views valuing money begins select male companions teenage show distinct aversion appears highly committed materialistic goals materialistic boy aversion feel develop marked penchant nonmaterialistic young opposite father figure illustrates generalization feelings emotions original conditioned stimulus similar stimuli totally setting felt overwhelmed feeling strange feeling tells experience eerie start wondering possibility previous existence actually feeling common deja vu means previously seen
instances learn undesirable response habit wish weaken tried kick nicotine habit fears find intolerable techniques breaking habits employed varying degrees success sense discussed weakening learned responses habits discussion experimental extinction saw withholding reinforcement learned operant response led extinction response methods habit breaking rely extinction extent effective techniques habit breaking called incompatible response method involves extinction undesirable response acquisition response place response incompatible original undesirable response responses occur simultaneously effect substituting response classic experiment involving boy fear rabbits incompatible response method experimenter gave boy candy showed caged rabbit hope pleasurable responses candy incompatible cancel fear rabbit course risk technique responses occur simultaneously child learned negative responses candy positive responses rabbit important desired reaction intense wish eliminate experiment rabbit caged order minimize intensity fear reaction experimenter successfully substituted desirable responses originally candy undesirable fear rabbit jones
problem language acquisition lower animals continues intrigue psychologists earlier chimpanzee fairly intelligent animal human chimpanzee visual animal young children taught recognize symbols ask child spoon child point symbol represents spoon picture book try sort thing chimpanzee fact efforts lines progress study female chimpanzee sarah began language training training acquired expressive vocabulary words build sentences follow written commands ask answer questions trainers accomplish step teach sarah basic vocabulary process manner plastic symbols representing word concept fig constructed mounted bases learned basic vocabulary step teach concepts concept representation common attribute objects respects consider concept redness sarah acquired concept redness apply symbol red objects differed ways sarah learn apply symbol red saw apple persimmon manipulate concepts construct rudiments communication
message referring actually electrochemical nature neuron generate hold small electrochemical charges sufficiently stimulated releases charge popular misconception neural impulses travel speed electrical current matter fact maximum rate conduction neural impulse meters electric current travel rapidly million meters stimulation comes dendrites electrochemical reaction neuron intensity stimulation neuron fire minimum intensity activate neuron known threshold excitability threshold reached exceeded neuron transmit electrochemical impulse surprisingly neuron fires full charge matter intense stimulation threshold analogous situation fuse fuse requires intensity fire start burning fire hot fuse burn exactly ignited match acetylene torch characteristic neural condition known law law explain fact single neuron distinguish stimuli intensities partial answer provided number impulses neuron transmit period let works neuron fires short period known absolute refractory period fire regardless intensity stimulation
dramatic provided young woman viewed series geometric patterns momentarily flashed left visual fields embedded patterns photograph nude figure flashed nonverbal hemisphere face reddened giggled investigator asked flash light giggled asked laughing giggled replied dr sperry machine clear seen nude figure responded emotionally received minor hemisphere unable verbalize seen ornstein motor speech area frontal lobe patient understands spoken written language perfectly difficulty speaking patient finds speech kind burdensome telegraphic style prefers answer questions single word contrasting syndrome found receptive speech area damaged verbal production sounds entirely normal sentence structure verbal facility meaning absent observations suggest grammatical structure language chair noun province frontal lobe speech mechanism meaning words chair sit function posterior language interpretive cortex anatomical structures responsible grammar meaning distinct watson pp hemisphere appears superior left hemisphere recognition perceptual tasks illustrate suppose object hand patient asked match shape objects hand
estimated million americans alcoholic beverages majority drinking moderate responsible socially approved estimated million americans alcohol excessively labeled alcoholics individuals drinking seriously impairs adjustment terms health personal relationships occupational functioning recent alcohol drug choice teenagers incidence alcoholism age group risen dramatically alcoholism increased women approaches added alcohol implicated half deaths automobile accidents percent murders percent rapes percent suicides occur society span average alcoholic twelve shorter nonalcoholic alcoholism ranks leading death united states coronary heart disease cancer contrary popular belief alcohol stimulant depressant numbs higher brain centers lessens inhibiting control release lead say things inhibit drinkers find alcohol sense unpleasant realities minimized sense adequacy increased alcoholism progresses slowly subtle degrees potential victim line separates social drinking alcoholism readily observable according japanese proverb takes drink drink takes drink drink takes general view stages commonly involved development outlined follows social drinker turns increasingly alcohol relief tension present anticipated
motivational states humans learned biological factors primary determinants seen satisfaction basic biological drives dominates experience newborn children develop basic physiological needs routinely satisfied learned motives assume larger dominant role lives humans preeminently social beings behavior occurs social environment course largely shaped environment includes individuals institutions cultures values ideals learned motives result interaction individual social environment strive desperately grades political office social approval stay tied mothers apron strings lifetimes teachers concerned outcome student evaluations questions assume existence underlying motivational states obvious answered reference biological drives stimulus needs discussed answers look motives learn course interaction environment earlier discussed measures infer presence intensity motivations dealing biological drives hunger thirst fairly sure inferences correct learned motives present difficulties agreement definition motives psychologists agree define specific learned motive agree measured attempts catalogue learned motives lists extremely lengthy agree particulars
suppose volunteer babysit neighbors move house left month infant parents set house order pick suddenly starts cry interpret crying behavior unhappy holding afraid stranger angry parents left agree baby exhibiting form emotional behavior hand unlikely infant actually experiencing specific emotion unhappiness fear anger observations infants emotional behavior include specific emotions grief disgust love hate jealousy emotions seen infant adults labeling terms experiences fact emotional behavior newborn babies vague undifferentiated wet diaper sudden loud noise hunger gas pains produce generalized excitement differentiated baby calm placid excitement accompanied physiological increased heart rate alteration breathing patterns baby grows differentiated emotional states begin gradually develop earliest identifiable emotional responses distress reactions unpleasant stimuli later delight responses feeding fondling displays affection months rapid differentiation responses states anger disgust fear elation figure shows development emotional states child
wrote edition book audrey daughter threshold birth laurie beth bundle potential watched potential form direction observed grow physically mentally emotionally socially seen shared moments joy felt pain periods distress direction growth clear step step progressing maturity adult reaching greater control recently celebrated tenth birthday birthday party largely planned carried remains delightful package contradictions wants needs experience independence strong needs love guidance family times child adult clothing times adult child clothing spends friends growing need intimacy mother share secrets boys menstruation means girl forces influencing development stage home family peer relations school thresholds usher abrupt dramatic begin adolescence adolescence span childhood adulthood minor disagreements experts place onset adolescence age end adolescence frequently painted period storm stress massive taking place virtually aspect adolescent
preceding section careful emphasize fact iq scores provide insight individual present level intellectual functioning iq score magical number stays person lifetime fixed failure recognize fact led misunderstanding injustices individuals early borderline iq normal potential genius difficult escape teacher sees recent measure child iq transcript notes low teacher adjusts expectations child academic performance teacher label child marginally educable teacher recognizes score estimate subject error student present level intellectual functioning school teacher continually child level functioning accordance careful observations classroom progress teacher says child iq low teach child teacher responsibility teaching profession making child unknowing victim misunderstanding iq score repeat magical number person remain number studies confirmed teachers significant impact children later academic performance al classic study showed teachers expectations change iq scores rosenthal jacobson teachers led believe basis tests administered students late
seen differ widely intelligence score iq tests characterized ability creative ideas think moment call creative call creative characteristics abilities think consider intelligent creative distinction creativity intelligence intriguing difficult suggested relationship intelligence creativity words intelligent individual creative point highest levels intelligence according hypothesis creativity intelligence longer related major review research literature authors barron harrington concluded insufficient evidence accept hypothesis problems general agreement definition creativity definitions require socially valuable products order qualify act person creative creativity valuable require produce social regard level accomplishment difficulty elegance beauty basic definition barron harrington noted investigator creativity guilford distinguishes classes thinking convergent divergent convergent thinking involves ability arrive conclusion accordance truth fact iq tests reviewed stress convergent thinking divergent thinking ability unusual relationships problem situation view creative person characterized divergent thinking
opinions express judgments feelings factual support weaker beliefs hold opinion lobster food opinion grounded feelings facts willing concede chocolate cake delicious lobster convinced opinions correct hold beliefs opinions frankly express feelings individual beliefs likely reveal attitudes aware attitudes acquired early circumstances forgotten aware beliefs able express verbally consequence attitudes conflict beliefs person assert belief individuals society regardless race creed equal rights live neighborhood choose person point constitution supreme court rulings support belief person uncomfortably disturbed learning member group planning move neighborhood person disturbed feelings indicative attitudes holds accompanying verbal statements difficult determine attitudes ascertain attitudes advocates attribution theory pointed person says consonant especially case person external pressure say thing politicians excellent cases point
study sex offspring female rats subjected atomic radiation pregnancy sex variable observe values variable male female barring unforeseen mutation produced sex computer analyze results assign number variable male assigned female data consist number observations classes note think variable representing ordered series values height weight speed organism female variable sex male move higher level measurement encounter variables classes represent ordered series relationships classes scales characteristic defining nominal stand kind relation numerals employed connection scales position ordered series difference exists successive positions scale examples scaling include rank ordering baseball players according team rank ordering potential candidates political office according popularity rank ordering officer candidates terms leadership qualities note ranks assigned according ordering individuals class fact difference give popular candidate highest numerical rank lowest consistent placing individuals accurately respect relative position ordered series
selected sample performed experiment results decide significance results let say favorite coin constantly everyday basis decision making ask study tonight psychology quiz relax movies solution heads study tails don period sensed decision words study relax begin question accuracy adequacy coin coin heads tails find thing clear true proportion heads tails characteristic coin known start tossing coin minute continue million granted remarkably durable coin exhaust population outcomes instance true proportion heads tails universe population unlimited order determine coin biased obtain sample behavior coin arrive generalization concerning bias toss coin times obtain heads tails begin suspect coin biased course outcome exactly split agreement hypothesis coin biased obtained heads tails unusual outcome
genes family shape course government america government complicated forbidding confusing times irrelevant bargain government bother bother fact role government larger pervasive controls powerful nuclear arsenal produce president jimmy carter called war ii licenses nuclear power plants including famous mile island pennsylvania regulates abortions tries control level toxic chemicals lakes rivers fields cities government politics business affect nearly aspect lives politicians believe government politics involved daily lives belief reflected president reagan political philosophy targets big government large part nation problems reagan promised inaugural address check reverse growth government curb size influence federal establishment president put finger american paradox past decades asked government unhappy words aptly describe size scope government america bigger bigger altogether american governments national local spend dollar gross national product gnp total dollar goods services produced
national rifle association nra founded influential single issue group american political scene gun control issue nra extensive political activity organized efforts block proposed gun control legislation prevent election public officials sponsor legislation nra prime veto group group exercise political power prevent policy change successful veto group requires resources nra resources include approximately million members groups local gun clubs paid staff computerized information system monitor legislation legislators rally members mails moment notice annual budget million association spends approximately million direct lobbying full lobbyists contributes approximately political campaigns electoral arena nra considerable success electing officials sympathetic defeating candidates supportive gun control political clout figured prominently failure reelection campaigns democratic senators george mcgovern south dakota birch indiana advocated gun control eventually succumbed nra pressures abandoning earlier positions election approached actually supporting nra backed bill loosen controls legislative arena nra veto power proven successful defeating number gun control measures proposal ban weapons sponsored illinois representative mary russo approved house judiciary committee thursday barrage telegrams weekend resulted bill monday subsequent defeat committee
sharpest inequalities slave free importing slaves big business rich planters william byrd virginia traded extensively indian negro slaves americans course practice slavery percent slaves imported america brazil caribbean importing slaves begin earnest mid reached peak constitution written government established million slaves united states south colonial americans ambivalent equality americans today occasionally colonial law regulated dress codes rich distinguished rabble revolutionary america ambivalence equality revealed choice heroes admired paradoxically benjamin franklin unpretentious commoner drawn stock plain haughty aristocratic rich george washington questioned power elite americans refused question inequalities status wealth vast quantity free land clearing meant americans seek equality breaking nature resources americans worried equality possibilities promise economic expansion colonial economy agrarian developing countries official census counted percent population urban city mean metropolis hundreds thousands millions philadelphia thriving metropolis constitutional convention fill small major league baseball stadium today
consider rights absolutes supreme court justice hugo black fond pointing amendment congress law constitution meant law means law whatsoever amendment seen absolutely rights conflict explore meaning interpretation amendment absolute principles hard maintain practice amendment says things religion government establishment clause says congress law respecting establishment religion nations established church officially supported government recognized national institution church england britain clearly congress want established church official churches colonies significant effort united states establish national church establishment clause intended clear argue meant government favor religion contrast thomas jefferson argued amendment designed create wall separation church according interpretation amendment forbids favoritism religion support religion general government avoid religion interpretations establishment clause continue stir argument debate especially intense providing aid church related schools saying prayers public schools federal programs included aid church related schools
george gallup born jefferson iowa served marketing journalism professor drake university northwestern university claim maker american politics comes pioneering efforts public opinion polling survey research survey business mother law running secretary iowa decided valuable indication pulse public opinion began largest famous polling organization headquartered princeton jersey gallup organization branches free largest nations influence extended western democracies sort polling gallup pioneered poland polish social scientists measured relative popularity government solidarity union positions public opinion polling firmly entrenched american democracy supporters insist majority opinion issues gauged exactness enable policymakers respond easily popular preferences critics polling argue political issues complex forced continuum strongly agree strongly disagree critics say question worded shape answer received polling permits politicians tailor image provide leadership george gallup sparked revolution measurement public opinion
word team slippery part definition party team disciplined single minded teams fielded bear bryant party teams running opposition goal line poorly coached suffer terrific problems recruitment season confusion baseball hard tell players scorecard american politics hard tell players scorecard unlike european parties american parties official membership system parties leaders disagree policy elections parties disappear members teams frank suggested think american parties headed political giants party party electorate party organization party government largest component american party party electorate dues membership cards distinguish members nonmembers register democrats republicans registration legally binding easily changed member party need claim member call republican talk party official campaign vote democrats party organization national office full staff rules bylaws budgets party national office local organizations party organization includes precinct leaders county delegates national committee officials party washington office perpetuate party elections rules
issues vary election election voter voter parties candidates typically offer menu platforms promises parties candidates offer genuine choice voters engage policy voting policy positions help decide candidates cloud positions rhetoric vietnam war issue voters lack luxury choice voters confused parties candidates issue positions policy voting offered real differences voters showed chapter page looked party conservative issue positions lean heavily republican candidates liberal issue positions comfortably democratic coalition portrait american voter painted image electorate poorly informed voting basis standing party affiliation policy voting played fiddle party voting thought political issues important guide voting behavior tranquil yielded turbulent troubled saw chapter clear evidence voters changed times important decline habitual partisan voting rise policy voting carefully traced changing american voter nie verba analyzed series public opinion surveys presidential election looking voters changed remained examined party ties candidate evaluations issue positions affected voters assessments vote
litigation effective group strategy lobbying affecting policymaking taking policy goals court offers neutralizing lost legislative battles karen linked success interest groups lawsuits frustrated congress wrote end run courts skillfully exploited magnified limited legislative gains law explosion chapter pages courts prime object interest group attention civil rights groups paved litigation major victories cases concerning school desegregation equal housing labor market equality recently consumer groups environmentalists suits business polluters federal agencies enforcing consumer pollution regulations federal agency involved environmental regulation hundreds suits outstanding law schools churn lawyers groups fight interests court groups interested opinions washington public opinion ultimately trickle policymakers interest groups cultivate public image carefully business firms market products reputations interest groups labor likes known united organization hardworking women infested bed corruption big business wants america bunch greedy capitalists farmers cultivate image sturdy family working put bread meat table massive reaping high profits groups try create reservoir public large lately interests organizations launched expensive public interest public relations effort
entrepreneur single put issue agenda ripe circumstances auspicious entrepreneur act catalyst taking advantage circumstances focus attention emerging issue role president lyndon johnson war poverty paid attention poor plenty poor estimates ranged high population virtually invisible policy problem poverty entered agenda administration liberal democrat john kennedy president key advisors busy identifying issues put congressional agenda looking issues kennedy voters planned bid re election issue identified poverty michael harrington published selling book called america grim circumstances american poor politically powerless economically disadvantaged kennedy read harrington book dog copy found oval office assassination kennedy advisors drafting legislation war poverty kennedy assassinated dallas texas november lyndon johnson president evening full president johnson met economic advisor walter heller heller outlined plans submitting poverty legislation congress nervous johnson program heller wanted johnson support plan received johnson enthusiastic approval johnson memoirs kind undertaking
white house staff consists key aides president sees daily chief staff congressional liaison press secretary appointments secretary owe total loyalty president presidents turn advice mundane matters governance staff working boss hiding limelight important roles names quickly known woodrow wilson colonel edward house franklin roosevelt harry hopkins dwight eisenhower sherman adams john kennedy pierre salinger theodore lyndon johnson bill larry jimmy carter hamilton jordan jody powell shape contours domestic global policy staff famous richard nixon staff bob john john dean charles rest watergate scandal presidency show staff presidential aids white house reflects president bad staff worse bad staff president look foolish case president nixon staff essentially control cost office presidents rely major aides white house aides protect president set appointment schedule calls staff perfect weekend department health human services rushed reagan white house draft bill proposing social security system solvent cutting benefits early voluntarily chose retire mandatory retirement dates
factory worker john real works city chicago lives wife young children suburban mount prospect illinois home filled impact federal regulations awakened clock radio set country music station licensed operate federal communications commission breakfast cereal content passed food drug administration lunch wife packs processed meat sandwich packed careful supervision food safety quality service department agriculture john takes train buying quick cup coffee journey caffeine coffee fda warned caused birth defects laboratory animals discussion washington regulating paying fare regulated government hops aboard shortly arrives small firm making refrigeration equipment food industry home mrs preparing breakfast children price milk serves affected dairy price supports regulated agricultural stabilization conservation service children play takes note toys wanting avoid toys dangerous washington agency consumer products safety commission takes note children toys regulating manufacture sale lawn mower appliances microwave oven numerous items house regulated consumer product safety commission setting grocery store bank mrs encounters government regulations car seat belts mandated national highway traffic safety administration gas mileage certified department transportation
brilliant liberal irascible strongwilled obstinate adjectives describe william orville douglas associate justice united states supreme court douglas born minnesota raised washington whitman college earned law degree columbia university began teaching career term chairman securities exchange commission douglas appointed supreme court franklin roosevelt roosevelt counted support deal programs douglas fail fdr liberal justice court retirement douglas judicial decisions favored rights individuals government relentless pursuit environmental wilderness helped environmental issues policy agenda staunch advocate civil liberties douglas outraged moralists produced demands impeachment leader drive impeach douglas representative later president gerald ford personal fueled fires critics fourth marriage washington waitress fifty younger later successful attorney stroke sapped douglas energy thought intellect later dogged refusal retire seen embarrassment valiant attempt hold democratic president appoint successor eventually gentle pressure colleagues retired
born german city henry kissinger refugee hitler germany jewish families parents moved united states days war ii serving army war graduated harvard college harvard favorite influential political science professor william called wild bill elliot elliott tutoring kissinger collected ph degrees later joined faculty ambitious kissinger ran harvard program visiting lecturers gave chance host foreign dignitaries contacts rest career kissinger informal foreign policy advisor york governor nelson rockefeller introduced president elect richard nixon impressed kissinger nixon named national security advisor soon kissinger member nixon foreign policy staff clandestine visit peoples republic china opened diplomatic doors closed decades weeks hopping israel arab states helped ease middle east tensions introduced phrase shuttle language negotiations north vietnam earned share nobel peace prize nixon named kissinger secretary position continued hold president ford flamboyant diplomatic arrogant knowing kissinger major shaper recent american foreign policy
trident submarine sophisticated naval vessel carry advanced nuclear weapons hidden carefully soviet scrutiny roam seas carrying missiles globe ready respond instantly soviet nuclear threat trident submarine cost united states billion commonplace figures billions compare figures cost trident billion harvard endowment university texas put billion times cost elect president percent annual cost ceta program provide local employment youths unemployed trident measure expensive program program begun contracted electric boat division general dynamics corporation defense contracts initial estimate proved small projected completion date optimistic original budget proved percent short final costs project schedule member congress remarked general dynamics shipbuilders re matters worse general dynamics components trident ohio steel replacement costs nearly million addition turbine blades scraped housings replaced welds inadequate navy officers called performance ohio super swell
nagging fear turning rapidly haunting reality according american government lurching clumsily twenty century landscape leadership barren peanut farmer turned georgia governor actor turned california governor fill shoes jefferson lincoln roosevelt unclear myth making earlier leaders larger characters expect superhuman leaders responsibilities resolving problems yield political power turning leadership medicine economic ills foreign policy problems energy shortages risk turning argue falling job voting earlier generations skipping responsibilities citizens easy sort responsibilities easy future late english economist schumacher book called small beautiful remarked ask actually decide role american future decide active participant policy process decide ignore hoping trouble trouble alexander elitist nations divide choose cast lot follow wisely democratic citizens hope lead try policymakers twenty century seen book challenging tasks
word history senses english refers events past actual happenings examples recent removal american troops vietnam remote persian invasion greece century history means record account events attempts relate events vietnam write history persian wars herodotus called father history history writing set view events war persians greeks finally history means discipline field study developed set methods concepts historians collect evidence past events evidence present meaningful discussion subject historical literature greatest function addition individual experience giving single human understanding women times history race confronted similar problems reader find history problems identical detail similar demands individuals groups reaction simply intellectual emotional reader sees recurrent problems necessity perils resistance tyranny founding fathers united states observed history earlier times group trusted absolute power reader observes history frequent problem greed development property argument values dangers freedom expression abuse labor rivalry culture groups competition individuals eminence power lurking menace demagoguery free societies
critics profession excessive attention scholarly analysis production stimulating narrative history case apparently public appetite narrative history ranks academic writers talent exists sort composition historical biography appeal concentration interesting individuals form attracted readers effort apply psychoanalytic concepts historical characters biography tends suffer weaknesses excessive sympathy subject fact concentration individual distorts perspective case plutarch lives suetonius biographies reputation considerably tacitus works despite bias modern criticism medieval lives saints generally severe uncritical acceptance legend biographers follow canons critical research respond latest concepts methods investigation interpretation event biographies historical figures continue popular analysis narrative characteristic bulk scholarly production takes form large complex studies cited limited study monograph characteristic product modern professional historian building development critical scholarship centuries monograph refined scientific historians century approximately present form emphasis meticulous research source materials evidence
short historian led war invasion poland look underlying england france accept invasion reason action explore polish question versailles treaty partitions poland centuries migrations germans slavs middle ages similarly trace german militarism bismarck frederick adolf hitler twisted mentality horrors trench warfare war frustrations youth social environment born understand mood britain france september scholar understand impact munich crisis aftermath earlier hope appeasement french alliance system antecedent chain events generations search war ii backward spread space historian ponders influence russia relations germany england france franklin roosevelt struggles congress american neutrality policy economic conditions military preparation countries likely difficult prove agency connecting events simply correlate ridiculous correlations observed incidence bathing national attitudes institutions rome united states stock prices baseball scores correlations striking lead presumption causal relationship search link cases cigarette smoking disorders human body
researcher builds probabilities attention pare devoted national character historians judge expected reasonable effort form explanation moderately highly probable realize values affect choices interpretations think productive press forward wrestle apparently drastically diminishing additions probability judge preferable sort scholar collects lifetime finding refuge impossible search evidence unattainable certainty probability common law public affairs examples investigations assassinations president john senator robert kennedy dr martin luther king dismissed likelihood conspiracy later investigations february justice department reported month review fbi handling king case appeared james earl ray convicted murderer acted facts found warren commission president kennedy murder permitted neat pattern established fact president assassin professed believer marxism renounced united states citizenship misfit soviet union america crime apparently senseless deed twisted resistance verdicts conspiracy based desire strike enemies bolster sense individual importance comes fact workings american juridical system appeals public impression proper verdicts seldom reached
large scale data collection study effect british navigation acts measures regulate commerce american colonies revolution study involved knowledgeable reasoning economic factors complex statistical procedures calculation required historians disagreed acts helped hurt america study sophisticated methods examine aspects navigation acts effects including relationship acts british economic measures affected america bounties encourage colonial production america british military protection including pirates values cases stated pounds sterling results convincing earlier studies subject simple statistical methods combined rigorous reasoning laborious data collection recent yielded results idea diet black slaves united states nutritious traditional view clearer picture slave breeding operations pre civil war america descriptions degrees attachment ideas contrived quantification history hand demands tools acquired considerable study history faculties increasingly provide opportunities requirements study results application methodology acceptable historians understanding methodology murky widespread methods prominently efforts answer questions deductive models
historians say deal unique individuals events wish emphasize units historical facts interest particulars addition trends generalizations historians word unique drastic literal meaning completely mean individuals individuals events looser respectable professional rule thumb social science view human beings sufficiently similar parts quantitative generalizations aspect fact historians prepared tainted materials lies interesting evidence interest subject include details tape recordings shorthand notes lies told historian napoleon cleopatra historical evidence restricted fashion legal evidence rules direct circumstantial hearsay original evidence designed elicit truth protect contestants secure society decisions approximate justice tolerable periods clear historians entitled required indulge conjecture properly identified degree probability courts tolerate evidence documentary past touches fitfully activities course occurred trace event historian want evidence human actions mental physical possibility imaginable unevenly distributed merely accidental
library catalogs aids senses assist identification materials show location items distinction beginning researchers important assume holdings library necessarily represent large part extant items subject fact course libraries small heterogeneous holdings library catalogs today arrange items cards pages alphabetic arrangement subordinate arrangements older efficient type handwritten book ledger catalog worst form list items set acquired scan entire catalog learn library holdings card printed catalog common types united states today nearly arranged alphabetically printed catalogs merely reproductions cards printed catalog valuable permitting scanning holdings libraries directly accessible researcher catalogs library entire collection catalogs special collections university california library spain spanish america libraries university california catalogue books berkeley printed catalogs national libraries especial tend libraries country large holdings touching national subjects holdings found publishers required deposit copies issues national library library congress national library united states enormous collections scanned printed catalogs hundreds volumes widely held libraries
beginning researchers tend catalog poorly underestimate complexity understand organized fail realize proper requires patience care imagination knowledge subject investigated beginning researchers commonly miss items card catalog improper procedure library guides posted catalog organization catalogs data catalog card approximately order positions found involved discarding data revisiting catalog omit data useless purpose size book subject headings card filed catalog abbreviate catalog cards item author card title card beginning word title article cards cross filed subject headings cards authors editors series title searching catalog author subject important note subdivisions united states author agencies department subdivisions category subdivision turn arranged subdivisions united states subject subdivisions turn subdivided subdivisions marked raised index tabs merely headings cards searched diligently complexity arrangement heading united states britain makes evident prudence keeping records catalog especially categories subcategories searched cards relevant items found
note taking mere copying involves analysis simple sophisticated analysis involved simplest process selection student investigating relations church country church degree united course read church records making notes decide subjects dealt records merely ecclesiastical interest relevant church processes condensation paraphrase involve selection comparison data memory reformulation judgement implicit explicit note explicit commentary nearly note taking involve implicit analysis simply copying merely process analysis involves duplication effort involve explicit analysis materials require purpose research nature material dictate general rule perform analysis original note course later analysis involves notes subject complex subjects suggestions helpful summarization paraphrasing highly skills train avoid taking materials verbatim beginning researchers woefully overestimate direct quotations found page chapter occasionally book summed lines researcher purposes inevitably criteria data change course research task early stages task selection bound especially difficult
social ability observe concerns familiarity witness subject matter willingness observe ability understand language spoken guess meanings imperfect knowledge languages productive dubious testimony report battle unfamiliar military affairs worse useless positively misleading account court trial observer knowledge substantive procedural law sadly deficient culture reporting wide mark accounts actions culture spanish conquerors badly error willingness observe inhibited social conditions witness eye secret policemen unwilling peer intently events member chamber social club find severe pressure conform finally aware observation affected prejudice eye apparently ear mind wishes report concerns fashion frame mind document composed classified terms ability composer report composition relation observation events objects reported intent account set ability observe bias personal cultural pride ambition mental states play similar role processes additional factors facility language access recording materials conditions record set recited
commented chapter iv qualities authors witnesses create supposition reliability relate ability willingness observe report accurately reliability witness important element determining amount required historical problems difficult handle sufficient description lincoln assassination thing sufficient assertion class antagonism france seriously weakened national morale critical element quick military defeat war ii general say small events easier large complex events accounts physical actions generally easier feel confident descriptions states mind easier testimony commonplace matters things care lie torture observations matters scarcely reliably corroborated avoids testimony feels obligation tell truth crime espionage illicit sexual activity treason quantity opposed quality individual piece critical handling problems sampling portions types population groups public opinion questions indirect negative absence contradiction sources especially chancy circumstances feel fairly sure appeared sources large newspapers countries free press modern times sure
hypothesis natural device natural context means researcher avoid thinking hypotheses according older methodology premature hypothesis prejudice interpretation avoided imagination deal single piece interesting evidence tentative hypotheses flicker mind collect evidence think analogies similar hypothesis exists hypotheses arrive interrogation evidence savage beatings runaway slaves response law fear greed minds owners working hypothesis include preliminary supposition regarding causation discussed chapter assignment tentative guess explanation obviously processes requiring imagination imagination arising evidence wording hypothesis begin facts hypothesis founded facts contradict plausible contradict laws nature capable disproof verification historians scarcely grapple miracles simple researcher fairly early develop hypotheses questions apply material difficult collect practice happens preliminary hypotheses questions adopted researcher makes selections discrimination poorly defined criteria adopt tentative hypotheses let shape search alert modify abandon
number page confusion result history france ii paris prefer repeat footnote material text author title text give data footnote abbreviate data creating communication problems style systems insist notes names months spelled material supply notes quotation put brackets main text letter footnote capitalized sentence op evidence primary material quoted study secondary material cited municipal meat contracts ordinance stated person involved contracts slaughterhouses rules critical methodology resides guideline give bare citation source important cases comment discussion character data cited text footnote citation henry adams history united states ii pp means adams willing statements talented diligent responsible scholar needed indication based statements adams ii citing letter jefferson gallatin recounting observation affair wharf citing convincing number accounts witnesses members congress
finished essay precedes annotated list materials consulted summarizes nature adequacy materials composed writer masters problems completing annotated bibliography essay valuable user scholarly giving succinct estimate adequacy evidence study subject quality previous studies touching matter discussion course put preface scattered text footnotes especially valuable list preparation essay training researcher forces discuss adequacy evidence compels consideration entire body relevant scholarly studies beginning researchers things permitted simply comment individually studies bits contemporary evidence standard form length essay cases short pages deal general source problem contemporary materials hand studies subject hand occupy clearly distinct sections essay large paragraphs sufficient discussion emphasize special difficulties schools thought prejudices affecting workers field deal broad classes sources manuscripts public opinion materials government documents studies biographies repeat annotations individual items list follows essay reader researcher grasp subject research problems involved dealing subject
official policies statements governments covered department blue book tariff controversy foreign ministry american economic imperialism considerations entered american policy remain obscured classified files department excellent survey elements involved article foreign affairs american choices current tariff war believed high official department congressional record reflects opinions interests issue widely discussed united states legislature possesses authority engages debate proclamations issuing body merely reflections views executive power proclamations printed officially controlled newspaper attitudes governments controversy summed report united nations committee current trade barriers president winkler tortuous course dangers crisis newspaper reports public speeches press conference statements relevance statement democratic national committee occasion meeting platform committee national convention exactly justification winkler twistings turnings gave public opinion united states badly divided matter partly technical intricacies tariff partly winkler habit issues york times washington post maintained reasonably dispassionate editorial tone occasionally called pros cons task
seventeenth century archbishop james ussher church england carefully worked data bible believed precise date creation god add sixteen hundred birth christ conclude earth thousand smile generations accepted ussher views nearly nineteenth century believe earth billions organic billion beginning series archaeological digs equatorial east central africa olduvai gorge turned fragments small creature lived nineteen fourteen million ago convenience called kenya ape crude tools kenya ape direct human ancestor branched primate ten million older primitive million ago creature ideas humankind appearance homo habilis skillful mere quarter million later zinjanthropus related humanlike animal size chimpanzee larger brain called australopithecus term derived greek meaning southern ape australopithecus vegetarian judge teeth ceased evolving dead end homo habilis ate meat continued evolve direction biologically modern humans homo sapiens knows humanlike animals larger skulls brains apes
major source biblical account noah ark flood epic king uruk epic epics homer eyes scholars major contribution literature composed epic tells flood words days nights winds blew torrent tempest flood overwhelmed tempest flood raged warring hosts seventh dawned storm south subsided sea grew calm flood stilled looked face silence mankind turned clay surface sea stretched flat roof top opened hatch light fell face bowed low sat wept tears streamed face side waste water looked land vain fourteen leagues distant appeared mountain boat grounded mountain held fast budge fourth held fast mountain budge sixth held fast mountain seventh dawned loosed dove let flew finding resting place returned loosed swallow flew finding resting place returned loosed raven saw water retreated ate flew
encountered medes european east cooperated briefly recovering babylonians destroy ninevah bring hated assyrian empire seen medes southern relatives persians conquer babylon allow captive hebrews return jerusalem cyrus attacked medes took capital south caspian sea persians began meteoric rise universal rule greatest empire ancient east official inscriptions persian empire carved languages persian babylonian written cuneiform script gave scholars early nineteenth century chance learn read cuneiform led gradual deciphering babylonian turn discoveries ancient mesopotamia discussed chapter inscriptions sixth century deciphered opened thousand history continued cuneiform unknown history reconstructed backwards basis languages consolidation states diffusion cultures acquired widespread universal application uniting territory medes initially bypassing babylon cyrus moved westward anatolia absorbed lydian kingdom rich king croesus conquered greek cities ionia aegean coast moved east borders india annexing imposing tyranny assyrians deporting populations cyrus allowed worship pleased govern representatives
present yugoslavia portions apparently enormously manuscript known found satire cleverly mixes prose verse philosophy attributed nero court officials lucan committed suicide nero orders undoubtedly exaggerated tells contemporary attitudes practices wealthy leisured illustrating theme eat drink merry tomorrow die longest sections called wildly funny account lavish banquet newly rich ultra vulgar buried amidst humor biting commentary social perceptions tumblers appeared extremely insipid clown held ladder ordered boy climb dance top accompaniment popular songs commanded jump burning hoops pick big jug teeth enjoyed entertainment point ladder toppled boy top fell landing squarely slaves shrieked guests screamed course concerned boy neck delighted broken dreaded thought possibly mourning meant lay groaning nursing arm broken doctors rushing hey began flogging servant bound master wounded arm white scarlet bandages boy whipped ordered set free say hurt mere slave
early centuries christianity saw series struggles define accepted doctrines religion orthodoxy protect challenge rival unsound doctrinal ideas heresy heresies appeared soon clergy fact issue wished admit gentiles law wished confine gospel jews foreshadowed kind issue confront christianity centuries heresy heresy points issue unimportant today regard religious debates trivial believed salvation depended proper definition defense religious belief practice bitter political economic national issues disputes took theological form difficult understand explain evil exist created god greek word knowledge affirmed spirit real physical evil evil illusion accept testament god created regarded fiend decided created satan accept jesus human martyrdom essential part christian belief accept baptism water matter crucifix simply pieces wood god god evil clearly heretical focused christ miracles sorts magic
pepin son charlemagne contemporary times misleading biographer tells vigorous lusty intelligent loved hunting women war wore frankish costume thought frankish chieftain read pen ink pillow teach write spoke latin understood greek conqueror charlemagne crossed rhine campaigns lasting thirty conquered heathen saxons lived south denmark converted sword point christianity monks priests armies charlemagne added domain western areas modern czechoslovakia bohemia austria portions hungary yugoslavia eastern boundaries realm reached elbe river north danube turns sharply south vienna wild eastern frontiers established provinces marks marches advance eastern europe brought victories asian avars successors huns lower danube west charlemagne challenged muslim power spain set spanish march today defeat rear guard pass roncesvalles pyrenees mountains skirmish formed theme heroic epic song roland le de roland accepted surviving form composed centuries later end eighth century charlemagne reunited frankish rule western roman provinces britain spain southern italy sicily north africa added domains central eastern european areas romans possessed
arab philosopher history ibn substantial methodology historical knowledge terms drew sociology economics geography religion building insights al presented comprehensive statement social philosophy medieval muslim analyzed sources error historical writing records nature liable error nay factors error partisanship creed opinion mind receives neutrality moderation piece information information due share investigation criticism disengage truth errors mind biased favour opinion creed accepts favourable piece information concerning opinion factor conducive error sources sources accepted investigation factor failure understand intended chronicler falls error failing grasp real meaning seen heard relating event according thinks imagines fourth source error mistaken belief truth happens generally taking form excessive faith authority sources factor inability rightly place event real context owing obscurity complexity situation chronicler contents reporting event saw distorting significance
study consisted mere memorizing rote days printing ready reference works scarce formal rules scholarly debate fixed nonetheless lively discussion worked sharpen minds load memories discussion learning defining systems live faithfully expectations christendom turn eleventh century pope sylvester ii stood learned smattering mathematics science able pick caused contemporaries suspect witchcraft interested logic turned probing mind delved portions aristotle translated discovered logic systematic means approaching writings church fathers end century churchmen debate proper human reason consider theological question christ actually present sacramental wafer wine efforts explain inconsistencies bible writings church fathers general attacked reason making definitions enabled argue bread wine flesh blood method late eleventh early twelfth centuries employed celebrated controversy philosophical problem universals universal encompasses category things say dog table person mean specific dog table person idea dogs tables humanity
henry ii son richard spent months ten reign england thanks henry ii bureaucracy functioned presence king functioned liking population richard needed money needed pay crusade ransom captivity wars philip augustus france heavy taxes levied income personal property possessions including silver plate simply confiscated charters sold cities richard brother john succeeded throne resources squandered john misfortune face adversaries proved strong philip augustus expelled english france north loire pope innocent iii outraged english barons election canterbury disputed candidates favored john pope refused accept procured election stephen learned english scholar paris john exiled monks canterbury confiscated property innocent responded putting england interdict john threatened depose john thought replacing capetian corresponded philip augustus prepared invade england fearing reason invasion strain loyalty vassals john gave accept archbishop canterbury promise restore church property reinstate banished priests recognized england ireland fiefs papacy homage pope
death philip fair capetian monarchy france evolving professional institution staffed efficient loyal bureaucrats philip augustus louis ix philip fair consolidated royal power expense feudal vassals included kings england soon france embroiled conflict england called hundred war crippled monarchy century nominal war dispute succession french throne hundred son father king france remarkable succession ended sons philip fair son survived infancy crown passed philip philip iv nephew philip fair king england edward iii mother isabella daughter philip fair claimed nephew capetian kings succeed cousin philip settle question french lawyers frankish law sixth century woman inherit land law applied france centuries lawyers interpreted mean woman transmit inheritance kingdom legal quibble serve edward iii pretext beginning hundred war edward claim french throne reason outbreak war england continued possession rich aquitaine lucrative vineyards prosperous wine shipping port bordeaux glaring exception increasingly unified france
renaissance developed areas europe loosely termed west areas west adriatic sea elbe river changing subsistence economy early middle ages money economy economy based home grown produce paid kind relying heavily imports paid money letters credit fifteenth century west importing salt mines germany sea salt pans atlantic coast preserve food food tasty begun spoil west sought spices east wash western europeans developed taste wines rhine burgundy bordeaux furs eastern europe wool england spain woolen cloth flanders italy commanded markets live cold medieval buildings close middle ages supplies palatable food warm clothing steadily increasing salt fish cheap spoil fourteenth century boom occurred herring fisheries narrow waters denmark sweden baltic fisheries employed thousands catching fish salting making barrels pack shipping trade slumped economic depression early prolonged aftermath wet summers black death hundred war recovery fifteenth century late trade west compared relative volume variety roman empire
prince humanists erasmus gentle satire points conventional wisdom prevented original thought praise folly written gave international fame published paris rate soever talks ignorant ill report folly hath foolish deity recreates gods sufficient argument sooner speak full assembly faces put kind suddenly clear brows hearty laughter applause behold side homer gods drunk nectar ye sat lumpish pensive ye consulting oracle happens sun begins shew beams sharp winter spring breathes afresh earth things immediately face colour recover kind youth manner beholding ye instant gotten kind countenance tedious studied orations effect wit remove trouble mind single look hope sexe foolish offence woman folly attributed folly
end sixteenth century conquistadores true european colonial empires contrast trading empires africa asia established latin america northern argentina central chile native indian population eliminated replaced population entirely happened north america tiny native american minority vast reaches mexico central south america crust spanish portuguese formed top society spanish portuguese language culture class mixed blood mestizos gradually formed union europeans indigenous population regions indians continued maintain ways untouched finally indians exterminated caribbean proved insufficient labor force brazil african slaves added ingredient racial mixture geography circumstances settlement groups adventurers region created separate units tied dependence crown destined independent nation states nineteenth century latin america geography fatal obstacle subsequent union colonies achieved english colonies united states america apparently close neighbors present argentina chile instance lay andes crossed difficulty high mountain passes colonies la plata peru granada lay andes vast tropical rainforests amazon basin unoccupied twentieth century
admired imitated french versailles symbol louis xiv embodiment historical divine monarchy louis actually moi phrase clearly summarizes convictions role theory louis representative god earth france elected french acquire throne force arms born position god planned legitimate male heir hugh capet king france tenth century god agent word final challenge challenge structure god universe disobedience religious political offense origins divine logical extension ways theory justified divine monarchy looked middle ages view decisions government arrived experiment discussion finding authoritative answer provided god scheme things ways theory modern forward looking derived expectations national loyalties growth sense nationalism henry iv richelieu louis xiv sought fuse sixteen million inhabitants france single national unit problem millions think french normans bretons flemings burgundians basques makers bourbon monarchy rely common language minority spoke standardized french french academy tried foster rely common education common national press common participation political
early ringing defense freedom expression written john milton argued liberty took forms ecclesiastical domestic civil reform church merged milton personal concerns wrote series tracts defending divorce private matter regulated deeply unhappy marriage august parliament ordinance principle censorship press ordered author tracts divorce found milton replied november speech liberty printing parliament england phrasing defense freedom expression greek orator addressing representative athenian assembly areopagus title beginning parliament presbytery books contempt imprimatur broke triple ice clung hearts taught hope renew bondage wrought check moses gave young joshua saviour gave john luke ix ready prohibit thought admonish elders unacceptable god testy mood prohibiting remembrance evil hath abounded church let licensing begun persuade execute dominican part inquisition foot stirrup active suppressing unequal distribution place suppress change condition hath puffed late experience harder times hath wise
peace ended thirty war marked end epoch european history ended age reformation counter reformation wars religious dynastic motivation chief threats stable international balance catholic hapsburgs militant protestants germany netherlands scandinavia religion continuing major source friction france british isles ceased significant international issue main force jeopardizing european balance entirely secular ambition bourbon france continent abroad seventy france single monarch louis xiv inherited throne louis embodiment early modern form royal absolutism monarchy divine personification royal pride elegance luxury french louis xiv grand reign brought end grand century begun cardinal richelieu twenty louis accession marked international triumph french arms french diplomacy french ways writing building dressing eating style upper classes france called la grande nation french culture triumph triumph louis xiv bid political hegemony ultimately checked resolute opponent england throes greatest political upheaval history upheaval resulted collision forces stuart monarchy high church hand parliament puritans
early ringing defense freedom expression written john milton argued liberty took forms ecclesiastical domestic civil reform church merged milton personal concerns wrote series tracts defending divorce private matter regulated deeply unhappy marriage august parliament ordinance principle censorship press ordered author tracts divorce found milton replied november speech liberty printing parliament england phrasing defense freedom expression greek orator addressing representative athenian assembly areopagus title beginning parliament presbytery books contempt imprimatur broke triple ice clung hearts taught hope renew bondage wrought check moses gave young joshua saviour gave john luke ix ready prohibit thought admonish elders unacceptable god testy mood prohibiting remembrance evil hath abounded church let licensing begun persuade execute dominican part inquisition foot stirrup active suppressing unequal distribution place suppress change condition hath puffed late experience harder times hath wise
elector line able rulers foreign policy won recognition poland full sovereign prussia tried success dislodge swedes territories baltic acquired wars louis xiv shifted repeatedly french french side domestic policy accomplishments substantial found domains largely ruined war farms wasted population cut half army reduced disorderly rabble thousand elector repaired damage augment population encouraged immigration polish jews refugees religious persecution twenty thousand french huguenots gave partial exemption taxation built small efficient standing army enabled prussia command large foreign subsidies participating campaigns louis xiv peacetime assigned soldiers construction public works including canal elbe oder administration elector affirmed pattern absolutism policy assisted lutheran church educational tradition taught virtues obedience discipline accession found territories prussia mark authority ruler limited estates medieval assemblies representing landed nobles townspeople territories battled estates supremacy won delaying centuries introduction representative government realm gradually gathered hands crucial power levying taxes
carriage proceeded silence place de louis xv stopped middle large space left round scaffold space surrounded cannon armed multitude extended eye reach soon king left carriage guards surrounded clothes repulsed haughtiness undressed untied opened shirt arranged guards determined countenance king moment disconcerted recover audacity surrounded seized hands attempting king drawing hands bind answered wretches bind king indignant air consent ordered bind voices heard encouraging executioners seizing violence virtuous kings dragged axe guillotine stroke severed head body passed moment youngest guards eighteen immediately seized head shewed walked scaffold accompanied monstrous ceremony atrocious indecent gestures awful silence prevailed length cries vive la heard degrees voices multiplied ten minutes cry thousand times repeated universal shout multitude hat air
romantic musicians romantic poets sought popular ballads tales national past sought free compositions classical rules color drama composers opera song turned literature shakespeare plays scott novels poetry poems tales goethe literature music took similar paths romantic era significant differences romantic musicians revolt eighteenth century composers wordsworth coleridge revolted predecessors romantic music evolved older classical school composer played commanding role evolution ludwig van beethoven lived vienna earlier composers tempo simple fast slow beethoven added designations strife head heart part color passion beethoven works derived skill exploiting resources piano instrument perfected lifetime instruments especially winds percussion double basses traditional ninth final symphony beethoven introduced chorus movement sing setting schiller joy beethoven orchestral works took increasingly heroic dimensions french composer hector berlioz projected orchestra pieces including violins double basses pianos harps supposedly based goethe completed hugo july revolution paris berlioz requiem called full orchestra pipe organ brass choirs chorus hundred
economic change takes place gradually historians feel misleading speak industrial revolution process clearly evolutionary revolutionary growth proceed pace developments country sector industry altered circumstances rapidly virtually transform styles modes generation generally growth industry identified introduction machine production making mass markets factory system essential historians believed production expanded rapidly moments economic factors blocked sustained growth removed forces capitalism factors credited economic ushered nineteenth century rise merchant class renaissance colonialism mercantilism american french revolutions rise competitive system protestant emphasis hard material progress signs salvation rise modern science social theories philosophes obviously played role historians longer generally agree sharp line separated industrial revolution preceded generally agree industrialization spread england europe eventually russia stages textile industry generally mechanized metals chemicals ultimately electricity stage transition agricultural industrial priorities society industrial expansion accelerated capital mobilized raw materials secured treaty annexation managerial skills developed unified national states turned business competition markets influence prestige
kingdom started asset favorable public opinion non catholic western italian national unity natural desirable achieved bloodshed mixture romance realism enthusiasm brought risorgimento fruition service united italy promising beginnings industry machine age begun north striking liabilities impeded italy italians french divided catholics ardent catholics deeply embittered roman question annexation papal states papal consent italy lacked coal iron terms modern economic competition italy country italians discovered unification mountainous central italy southern italy marginally productive poverty stricken illiterate peasantry rooted conservative local ways greatly urban small tenacious feudal aristocracy sicilians resented political preponderance north italians unified kingdom half italy lacked experience government land deep seated class antagonisms profound mistrust governments fervent localism united italy moved cautiously greater democracy constitution remained granted piedmont charles albert put effective checks power king making ministers responsible chamber deputies put severe limitations suffrage property qualification lowered payment modest direct tax million italian franchise close universal male suffrage introduced
women brought german civil service part general reform program confronted prejudice forms report organization german working women october suggestion royal highness crown princess administration telegraph center decided employ ladies service main idea open respectable branch business ladies upper middle class daughters officials officers administration announced ladies passing examination employed week probation period later expect permanent employment pension rights housing benefits male employees salary scale ladies draw yearly remuneration marks payable monthly installments addition promised receive male employees special bonus month telegrams processed service thirty ladies employed receive raise salary line thirty ladies move salary category finally expect permanent employment receive housing benefits pension rights schedule night service april paid extra receive fixed remuneration performance concerned ladies reproach contrary officials telegraph service repeatedly acknowledged performance altogether equal
terms political psychology party system means millions individual voters party greater agreement disagreement party stands vote feel candidate stands want opposed voter makes kind compromise takes practice ideal reasons british compromises sought history reason lies relative security british isles external foes political habits moderation compromise mature constant pressure foreign wars continental states repeatedly exposed dangers war threat invasion happened britain undergone repetitions kind alarm raised possibilities subversion jacobins invasion napoleon britain seriously challenged internally externally twentieth century problems ireland need accommodate growing racial minority arriving west indian african south asian parts empire british sense compromise heavy strain reason britain relative stability continental states nineteenth century going popular revolutionary modifications royal absolutism torn major class antagonisms privileged nobles backed orthodox religion middle class england struggle absolutism occurred century half earlier left england moderate ruling class product compromise landed gentry commercial classes ruling class develop reasonable habits restraint compromise occasionally departed held strong sense discipline interest
vienna warring powers gathered meeting peace settlement met versailles settle germans paris settle rest peace congresses meet peace aftermath local war crises disturbances numerous acute conditioned peace congresses addition influenza epidemic devastating disease black death swept taking million lives disrupting families worrisome crises russia deep throes civil war foreign invasion sooner germans forced withdraw regions gained allies detachments points perimeter russia black sea white sea north pacific allies hoped restore russia monarchy moderate republic dread final bolshevik success communism term universally period spread westward added tensions versailles strengthened conservative positions clemenceau lloyd george taking clearly spreading westward german revolution november carried socialist auspices winter communist riots uprisings bavaria april soviet republic proclaimed republican government germany put communist movements appeal remnants army officers hostile type republic
economic depression begun knock foundations prosperity moderation economic depression sharp deep decline trade general prosperity worldwide depression prices fallen agricultural distress intensified worse europe bad harvests wet summers competition argentine australian meat canadian american grain banks collapsed especially austria france earlier depression contributed greatly britain relative decline germany united states wanted period worldwide strain destabilization nonetheless occurred scholars agree range depression economists agree inflation recession today apparent slump short extremely intense destructive middle class confidence united states germany austria depression fact begun wall street crash stockmarket october agriculture declined overproduction poor distribution brought prices speculation stockmarket led general financial recklessness american banks withdrew funds europe austrian largest commercial bank austria interests central eastern europe bankrupt french dire economic need withdrew short term credit germany shortage capital foreign credits quickly curtailed industrial production leading decline exports reduced need transportation especially shipping triggered widespread unemployment need economic planning evident totalitarian movements left generally commitment range economic planning hurt quickly known depression turned increasingly free market economy
influential fascists eastern europe leading national socialist hungary officer army general staff summarized hungarian fascist position manner illustrates illogical nature fascist movement communism claimed rigorously logical fascism hand admitted vigorously directed emotions ideological system hungarian practice national socialistic view spirit hitlerism fascism antisemitism means socialism tuning moral spiritual material interests set aim happiness privileged individuals classes totality individuals classes means national socialism fights happiness natural community welfare nation working individual protector members national family strewn forced need earn livelihood duty fatherland history developed successively later parallel strengthening common feature demand unconditional obedience representing ancient dictatorship closed society oldest military totality later totality church economic totality leaders economic mainly jews morality spirit material things separately found typical representatives progressed separately decisions find
meantime shah admitted united states treatment cancer november militant students stormed american embassy teheran seized ninety hostages including sixty americans refused release shah returned iran stand trial crimes iranians remained control embassy hundred forty days despite international condemnation abortive rescue mission american forces intense diplomatic pressure united states fifteen months americans faced nightly television sets dramatic inflated spectacle america held hostage carter faulted precautions protect american embassy sense national helplessness turned electorate underscore influence american elections iranians released hostages january minutes president united states republican ronald reagan sworn office turmoil continued iran revolution passed phases vengeance french revolution waves executions eliminated marxists collaborated americans worked shah opposed islamic republic constitution shaped clergy members international faith united states systematically killed united states stood helplessly ronald reagan elected wave public frustration wing conservative offered voters clear alternative previous administrations office proved conservative wing hoped soon tempered stands
pessimistic approach suggests degree individual freedom society credit card mean hide government find expedient create illusion freedom permit existence rebellious groups carefully controlled manipulated possibly choice areas simply require effort advanced technology government control aspect existence individual power majority activities observed restrained loosely choice flying bahamas london tokyo greece attending lecture discussion sessions hundred topics painting picture reading book going gym museum circus average person stay bed sleep simply avoid making decision computer rescue programmed according individual tastes home computer simply set schedule activities person follow computers limit freedom orders possibly limitation computer usefulness imagination dependence computer developed moderation indulged fullest extent places responsibility course society persons program coordinate oversee workings computers brought full circle question government answer government person persons control society major tool computer
architecture twentieth century produced truly original style end eighteenth century functional style revival past living museum nineteenth century buildings prided honest modern materials adaptation site demands twentieth century living combined avoidance waste space excess display pioneers american frank lloyd wright spent apprenticeship designers early chicago skyscrapers developed prairie style house emphasizing planes uncluttered simplicity wright admired japanese houses end wright radical experiment designing solomon guggenheim museum york consists mainly vast open space visitors descend ramp permits works displayed close hand removes distance modern architecture touch austerity puritanism reaction nineteenth century vulgarity sterile uniformity travelers complained found steel glass boxes despite credo functionalists put regard physical site traditions country modern music modern art moved general public comprehend experimental music based electronics merged vast branch entertainment industry represented country western forms rock roll modern jazz innovators sought develop fresh ideas sounds jazz intellectually emotionally creative ways broke essentially derivative modes popular romantic music
paleolithic age perilous uncertain survival depended largely success hunt hunt brought sudden violent death paleolithic peoples hunted variety ways depending climate environment hunters stationed river fords waterholes waited prey paleolithic hunters familiar habits animals relied paid close attention migratory habits hunters trapped quarry lived open areas stalked pursued game paleolithic peoples hunted huge variety animals ranging elephants spain deer china success hunt depended quality effectiveness hunters social organization bravery paleolithic hunters organized hunted groups knowledge animal power thinking plan prey ability think act organized social group meant paleolithic hunters successfully feed animals bigger faster stronger paleolithic peoples nourished gathering nuts berries seeds knew habits animals vast knowledge plant kingdom paleolithic peoples knew plant wild seeds supplement food supply relied part environment survival home paleolithic folk varied according climate environment cold regions sought refuge caves weather predatory animals warmer climates open country built shelters elaborate temporary huts
disrupted home powerless abroad egypt fell prey invasion african neighbors libyans north africa filtered nile delta established independent dynasties northern egypt ruled libyan pharaohs libyans built cities sturdy urban grew delta coming libyans changed face delta libyans genuinely admired egyptian culture eagerly adopted egypt religion southern egypt pharaoh decline opened energetic africans nubia extended authority northward nile valley nubian influence pervasive destructive imperial days eighteenth dynasty pages nubians adopted features egyptian culture nubian kings aristocrats embraced egyptian culture wholesale thought destroying heritage pharaohs struck stupid barbaric nubians libyans repeated eastern phenomenon peoples conquered centers political military power assimilated older culture reunification egypt occurred late unexpectedly egypt distracted disorganized foreign invasions independent african kingdom kush grew modern sudan capital africans worshipped egyptian gods egyptian hieroglyphs write language eighth century king piankhy swept entire nile valley south delta north united egypt enjoyed period peace egyptians continued assimilate african conquerors kingdom kush egyptian methods administration bookkeeping egyptian arts crafts egyptian economic practices common especially aristocracy
prophet generally known breathed meaning iranian religion known moses jewish counterpart remembered outlived moses preached concept divinity human taught constant battleground opposing forces evil embodied truth opposed hateful spirit stood evil falsehood locked cosmic battle human race battle stretched thousands according mere pawns struggle person choose side join lead characterized behavior truthful dealings wickedness lies emphasized responsibility individual decision taught possessed free decide rely consciences guide decisions crucial warned reckoning promised eventually triumph evil lies death person stand tribunal egyptian god osiris judge dead lived righteously basis weigh lives balance truth conquer evil lies short taught concept judgment decide person eternal fate basis person deeds thought judgment linked notion divine kingdom death lived according truth
philosophy hellenic period exclusive province wealthy leisure pursue philosophic studies hellenistic period philosophy reached touch lives women reasons development ideal polis declined politics longer offered intellectual outlet hellenistic especially cities east unstable venerable traditions greeks mobile mobility left feeling uprooted search permanent unchanging changing turned philosophy reason increased influence philosophy decline traditional religion growing belief fate chance doom capricious malevolent protect worst greeks looked philosophy philosophers numerous schools philosophical thought emerged preached joy simple taught pleasure chief stoics emphasized importance deeds deal rivalry philosophers tried demonstrate superiority views spite differences major branches philosophy agreed necessity making sufficient recognized need equip women deal successfully major schools hellenistic philosophy taught truly happy turned backs focused full attention enduring thing differed chiefly enduring thing
hellenism profoundly stimulated growth development roman art literature roman conquest hellenistic east resulted wholesale confiscation greek paintings sculpture grace roman temples public buildings private homes roman artists copied aspects greek art emphasis realistic portraiture carried native tradition fabius half century senator wrote history rome greek romans translated greek classics latin poet father latin poetry studied greek philosophy wrote comedies latin adapted euripides tragedies roman stage wrote history rome latin verse plautus ca specialized rough humor decked greek plays roman dress mere imitator play copied eighteen hundred later french poet moliere english poet john dryden roman dramatist terence ca member circle wrote comedies refinement grace owed essentials greek models plays lacked energy plautus rowdy plays early roman literature derived greek managed speak voice flourish say conquest mediterranean brought romans leisure hellenism influenced spent free century greek custom bathing roman passion important part early republic romans bathed infrequently especially winter large buildings pools exercise rooms numbers baths essential part roman city
fifty augustus death dynasty established known julio members julian clans provided emperors rome julio tiberius claudius sound rulers able administrators caligula nero weak frivolous exercised power stupidly brought misery empire writers biting brilliant historian tacitus ca gossipy suetonius ca left unforgettable generally hostile portraits emperors literary masterpieces venom tacitus suetonius obscure fact julio responsible notable achievements reigns empire prospered momentous achievements julio claudius creation imperial bureaucracy composed professional administrators energetic emperor run nation numerous duties immense responsibilities emperor prompted claudius delegate power began giving freedmen household official duties especially field finances simple workable system knew slaves discipline effect claudius innovations enable emperor rule empire easily efficiently worst defects augustus settlement army ability interfere politics obvious julio period augustus created special standing force guard imperial bodyguard murdered caligula hailed claudius emperor threat violence senate ratified choice story repeated frequently
order ensure support fighters lord gave land exchange loyalty charles martel land distribute church property lesser lords defeated weaker neighbors seized property divided followers early feudalism resulted fusion germanic custom swearing allegiance warrior leader roman practice granting estate booty war fighters important servants mounted warrior vassal celtic word born young lord obliged perform services return holding land feud fief vassal lost social status political power ruling class rested ability raise contingent fighting hold courts coin money conduct relations arrangements powers powers held lords lay ecclesiastical monarchs vassals lords order acquire land money improve economic positions feudal lords tended resist centralizing ambitions kings ceremony vassal involved religious objects bible relics saints presence priest vassal knelt folded hands lord declared intention lord meant fight lord perform kind military service vassal rose swore faith fidelity bible relics
canute governed help witan literally council wise composed anglo saxons danes republished laws tenth century anglo saxon kings show continuity government canute followers accepted christianity christian ideas responsibilities king slowly peoples molded assimilation viking anglo saxon personified king edward confessor son anglo saxon father norman mother canute husband east german king otto inflicted crushing defeat hungarians banks lech river battle halted magyars westward expansion threat germany otto hero germans signified revival german monarchy demonstrated otto worthy successor charlemagne chosen king otto selected la site coronation symbolize intention continue tradition charlemagne basis power alliance control church otto asserted invest bishops abbots symbols office ring symbolized bishop union dioceses staff symbol pastoral authority assertion gave otto effective control ecclesiastical appointments receiving religious consecration bishops abbots perform feudal homage lands accompanied church office practice later known lay investiture create grave crisis eleventh century otto realized financial military resources church halt feudal anarchy
roman greatest impact court law highest ecclesiastical tribunal formulated canon law christendom instrument popes pressed goals reform centralized church hold councils parts europe councils published decrees sought law individuals part christian europe felt denied justice local church courts appeal rome slowly surely high middle ages papal developed court final appeal christian europe course twelfth century appeals steadily increased majority cases related disputes church property ecclesiastical elections questions marriage significantly popes twelfth thirteenth centuries canon lawyers famous represented height medieval papal power innocent iii innocent judged vast number cases compelled king philip augustus france wife ingeborg denmark rival claims disputants imperial crown germany forced king john england accept archbishop canterbury john want innocent exerted papal authority iberian peninsula norway sweden balkans distant cyprus armenia early thirteenth century papal efforts reform begun century attained phenomenal success popes high principles strict moral behavior frequency clerical marriage declined considerably
crusades late eleventh early twelfth centuries holy wars sponsored papacy recovery holy land muslim arabs turks later twelfth thirteenth century crusades directed europe domestic enemies heretics campaigns wrest holy land infidels period christians groups left europe steady trickle middle east ages classes participated crusades knights crusading distinctive feature upper class lifestyle aristocratic military society coveted reputation crusader christian knight holy land enjoyed prestige crusades manifested religious ideals tremendous vitality medieval society crusades high middle ages grew earlier conflict christians muslims spain concept holy war originated spanish peninsula gradually influenced parts western europe eighth century arabs overrun peninsula christian lords fled mountains north tenth century christians started holy war christian warriors slow progress isabella ferdinand finally succeed expelling arabs christian kings regained fourth peninsula dominates history medieval spain roman papacy supported holy war spain late eleventh century strong reasons wanting launch expedition muslim infidels middle east papacy involved bitter struggle investiture german emperors
hundred war provided employment opportunity thousands idle fortune seeking knights periods truce war finally ended nobles inflation hurt living fixed incomes code demanded lavish generosity aristocratic lifestyle nobles turned crime raising money fourteenth fifteenth centuries witnessed deal fur collar crime called fur nobility allowed wear collars england case study upper class crime fur collar crime rarely involved felonies homicide robbery rape arson nobles superior social status rob weak corrupt judicial process groups noble brigands roamed english countryside stealing rich poor sir john de sir william led gang thirty knights stole goods worth robberies operating exactly modern urban knightly gangs demanded peasants pay protection money hovels burned fields destroyed members household lord robert beat victim demanded money protection future attack attacks rich took form kidnaping extortion individuals grabbed homes wealthy travelers seized highways held ransom northern england gang gentry led sir gilbert de middleton abducted sir henry beaumont brother bishop elect durham roman cardinals england visit ransom paid victims released fur collar criminals terrorists twentieth century white collar criminals commit nonviolent crimes medieval aristocratic criminals outrages
manner behavior renaissance courtier traits medieval predecessor acquire gentleman supposed relaxed controlled composed cool elegant ostentatious casual seemingly effortless grace sixteenth seventeenth centuries courtier widely read influenced social mores patterns conduct elite groups renaissance early modern europe courtier model european gentleman renaissance book topic widely read studied centuries publication short political treatise prince niccolo machiavelli political scientists maintain machiavelli describing actual competitive framework italian states familiar thinkers praise prince revolutionized political theory destroyed medieval views nature scholars consider classic deals eternal problems government society born modestly wealthy tuscan family machiavelli received education latin classics entered civil service florentine government served thirty diplomatic missions exiled medicis returned power city expelled machiavelli position officer city government exile wrote prince subject prince political power ruler gain maintain increase power machiavelli implicitly addresses question citizen relationship humanist explores problems human nature concludes human beings selfish corrupt advance interests pessimistic view leads maintain prince manipulate finds
architecture language beginning reign louis xiv french language polite society vehicle diplomatic exchange french gradually replaced latin language international scholarship learning wish kings ape courtly style louis xiv imitation french intellectuals artists spread french language europe royal courts sweden russia poland germany spoke french eighteenth century russian aristocrats fluent french russian england hanoverian king george spoke french english france inspired cosmopolitan european culture late seventeenth century culture inspired king voltaire meant called period age louis xiv louis dominated court court center france king scheme things court significant government louis xiv innovations government france continued system intendants appointing entirely middle class curbing power local aristocracy gentry intendants advanced royal sovereignty provinces members royal councils council dealt diplomacy war peace drawn class saint simon called bookkeepers middle class louis feared distrusted nobility eliminated government reign spite increasing financial problems called french nobility meeting estates general nobility means united expression action louis minister freeing worry power richelieu
seventeenth century witnessed unparalleled flowering dutch scientific artistic literary achievement period called golden age netherlands dutch ideas attitudes played profound role shaping modern view republic united provinces netherlands represents model development modern late sixteenth century northern provinces netherlands holland zeeland prosperous succeeded throwing spanish domination success based geographical lines defense wealth cities brilliant military strategy william silent preoccupation philip ii spain concerns northern provinces vigorous calvinism provinces union formed united provinces page philip ii continued try crush dutch armada son philip iii agreed truce implicitly recognized independence united provinces side expected peace permanent peace confirmed dutch republic independence province oligarchy wealthy merchants called regents handled domestic affairs local estates provincial estates held virtually power federal assembly states general handled matters foreign affairs war states general possess sovereign authority issues referred local estates approval states general appointed representative province highest executive carried ceremonial functions responsible defense order
peter drafted privileged groups city permanent basis nobles summarily ordered build costly stone houses palaces st petersburg live serfs noble possessed bigger dwelling merchants artisans commanded settle build st petersburg nobles merchants required pay city avenues parks canals embankments pilings bridges costly terms money lives built swamp building st petersburg truth enormous direct tax levied wealthy turn forced peasantry real beneficiaries indispensable foreign architects urban planners princely salaries added tax burden wonder russians hated peter city tsar death thousand houses numerous impressive government buildings st petersburg remarkable women ruled russia eighteenth century st petersburg blossomed fully majestic organized city wealthy sections peter youngest daughter quick witted sensual beauty elizabeth named chief architect russia italy boy fifteen combining italian russian traditions unique wildly colorful st petersburg style built palaces nobility large government buildings erected elizabeth reign rebuilt winter palace enormous aqua colored royal residence hermitage museum elizabeth established flashy luxury loving slightly crude court catherine turn truly imperial
respects key power success absolute monarchs lay solved financial problems solution creation bureaucracies directed economic country interests king raising higher taxes devising methods raising revenue bureaucracies composed career officials appointed solely accountable king backgrounds civil servants varied absolute monarchs drew middle class france utilized members nobility spain eastern europe middle class insignificant austria prussia spain russia government absolute consisted interlocking elite monarchy aristocracy bureaucracy royal agents medieval kingdoms public offices positions benefit families england crown servants thomas becket thomas treated high offices personal private property reaped considerable profit positions held striking difference seventeenth century bureaucracies medieval predecessors seventeenth century civil servants served represented king bureaucrats recognized offices held public positions paid salaries handle revenues belonged crown supposed official positions private gain bureaucrats gradually distinguish public duties private property absolute monarchs maintained permanent standing armies medieval armies raised feudal lords wars campaigns troops disbanded seventeenth century monarchs recruited maintained armies peacetime war
russia peasants move estate temporarily suspended permanently abolished law code completed process insistence lower nobility russian tsar lifted limit recovery runaways henceforth runaway peasants returned lords caught lived small hope escaping serfdom control serfs strictly lords business law code set limits lords authority peasants political development eastern states differed legal re establishment permanent hereditary serfdom common fate peasants east middle seventeenth century consolidation serfdom accompanied growth estate agriculture poland eastern germany sixteenth century european economic expansion population growth resumed declines late middle ages prices agricultural commodities rose sharply gold silver flowed polish german lords powerful economic incentives increase production estates lords seized peasant land estates demanded received unpaid serf labor enlarged estates estates inefficient technically backward generally polish nobles middle rank german lords squeezed sizable cheap profitable surpluses impoverished peasants surpluses wheat timber easily sold big foreign merchants exported growing cities west poor east helped feed wealthier west
understand reforms peter kind absolutism contrary historians assertions peter interested primarily military power grandiose westernization plan gigantic foot tall enormous energy power peter determined redress defeats tsar armies occasionally suffered wars poland sweden ivan terrible sure western foes seriously threatened existence tsar vast kingdom added confusion civil war domestic social upheaval troubles russia gained large mass ukraine kingdom poland map tsarist forces completed conquest primitive tribes siberia seventeenth century large rest europe combined times large rest europe largest kingdom earth territorial expansion soul tsardom natural peter seek gains thirty reign knew peace peter throne heart army consisted cavalry service nobility foot soldiers played secondary role army served part basis russian army lagging professional standing armies formed europe seventeenth century core armies highly disciplined infantry infantry fired rifles fearlessly advanced charged bayonets fixed
population growth percent fairly modest standards african latin american countries today growing percent annually produce large increase period annual increase percent result sixteen times hundred gigantic increases simply occur agrarian europe eighteenth century abnormal tragic periods died born total population fell sharply number modest growth died abnormal savage increases deaths helped check total numbers population growing rapidly periods grim reapers demographic crisis famine epidemic disease war famine inevitable result poor farming methods periodic crop failures murderous accompanied disease brutal punch famine stunned weakened population disease finished disease independently adequate harvests bubonic plague returned europe hundred ravages black death fourteenth century late countries early epidemics dysentery smallpox operated independently famine war scourge indirect effects harmful organized killing war spread disease soldiers camp followers passed venereal disease countryside scar kill armies requisitioned scarce food supplies disrupted agricultural cycle thirty war pages witnessed combinations distress
accomplishments doctors hospitals constantly limelight today greater spectacular part medicine preventive medicine breakthrough half nineteenth century development public health techniques proper sanitation mass vaccinations prevent outbreaks communicable diseases nineteenth century medical knowledge slight doctors limited prevention key longer clothing warm dry housing plentiful food healthier populations capable battling disease clothing housing masses improved modestly eighteenth century agricultural methods increased agricultural output beneficial effect average european ate food healthier result pattern apparent look fare laboring poor beginning eighteenth century ordinary women depended grain fully past bread literally staff peasants region france ate pounds bread washing water green wine beer lucky skimmed milk dark bread mixture rough ground wheat rye standard flour poor poor ate grains soup gruel rocky northern scotland depended oatmeal ate half cooked swell stomachs feel full wonder supply grain price bread critical questions population poor rural urban ate fair quantity vegetables
fighting spread colonists moved slowly inevitably open rebellion declaration independence uncompromising attitude british government german mercenaries dissolving standing loyalties home country rivalries separate colonies common sense brilliant attack recently arrived english radical thomas paine mobilized public opinion favor independence runaway seller sales copies months paine tract ridiculed idea small island ruling continent call freedom republican government paine expressed americans growing sense separateness moral superiority july continental congress adopted declaration independence written thomas jefferson declaration independence boldly listed tyrannical acts committed george iii confidently proclaimed natural rights sovereignty american states called greatest political editorial declaration independence effect traditional rights englishmen rights mankind stated created equal endowed creator unalienable rights liberty pursuit happiness american political document caused excitement home abroad american families remained loyal britain divided bitterly declaration independence conflict took form civil war pitting patriot loyalist loyalists tended wealthy politically moderate patriots wealthy individuals john hancock george washington willingly allied farmers artisans broad coalition coalition harassed loyalists confiscated property help pay american war effort
nonetheless decision marry early large families reasonable irish conditions landlords peasants owned controlled land land leased short periods uncertain terms peasants incentive permanent improvements increase profits landlord preserved peasants absolute starvation extorted poverty inescapable rural ireland shared wife husband children precious asset poor countries today welfare social security system infirm aged person hope escaping starvation dutiful son loving daughter population continued grow conditions increasingly precarious peasantry depended single crop size varied substantially potato failures detected plant crops potatoes stored potato economy subsistence economy lacks developed network roads trade capable distributing foods disaster onward deficiencies potato crop increasingly disease potato crop common accompanying fever epidemics struck population growing frequent catastrophe future completely inevitable potato crop failed ireland europe general result high food prices widespread suffering social unrest ireland farthest road rural overpopulation dependence disease prone plant result unmitigated disaster famine
ongoing industrial development creating urban social problems strengthening upper middle classes manufacturing commercial groups insisted place wealth alongside landed wealth aristocracy framework political power social prestige called kinds liberal reform reform town government organization police force rights catholics dissenters frightened tory government led robert peel moved direction urban administration greater economic liberalism civil equality catholics prohibition imports foreign grain replaced heavy tariff actions encouraged middle classes press reform parliament larger say government repeal revised corn law symbol aristocratic domination whig party led tories aristocrats tradition responsive commercial manufacturing interests whig ministry introduced act amend representation england wales defeated passed house commons reform bill rejected house lords whigs king promise create peers pass law house lords gave snug club ruined upstart manufacturers mighty surge popular protest helped king lords minds reform bill profound significance house commons emerged important legislative body future obstructionist house lords brought line threat creating peers
fellow planners proceeded interrelated fronts bold energy shocked contemporaries razed buildings order cut broad straight tree lined boulevards center city quarters outskirts boulevards designed part prevent easy construction defense revolutionary crowds permitted traffic flow freely construction demolished worst slums streets stimulated construction housing especially middle classes small neighborhood parks open spaces created city large parks suitable kinds holiday activities developed side city city improved sewers system aqueducts doubled city supply fresh water napoleon iii tried paris beautiful city large extent succeeded broad straight boulevards radiating spokes wheel arch triumph centering opera house afforded impressive vistas paris remains beautiful enchanting cities part transformations empire rebuilding paris provided model urban planning stimulated modern urbanism europe city city public authorities mounted coordinated attack interrelated problems urban environment paris improvements public health water supply waste disposal hand hand boulevard construction cities vienna cologne parisian tearing walled fortifications replacing broad circular boulevards office buildings town halls theaters opera houses museums erected
socialism radical revolutionary socialist parties grew attracted large numbers members looked gradual change steady improvement working class revolution mainstream european socialism militantly moderate increasingly combined radical rhetoric sober action workers progressively inclined follow radical programs reasons workers gained vote participate politically nation attention focused elections revolutions workers won real tangible benefits furthered process workers immune patriotic education indoctrination military service ardently socialist intellectuals wish contrary workers unified social group seen chapter important workers standard living rose substantially promise industrial revolution partially realized britain workers buy wages increase workers experienced similar increases continental countries strikingly late developing russia improvement standard living merely matter higher wages quality improved dramatically urban areas reasons workers tended militantly moderate demanded gains likely pursuit growth labor unions reinforced trend moderation early stages industrialization modern unions generally prohibited law
firmly established wholesale borrowing early restoration selective emphasis things foreign keeping japanese tradition model german empire japan established authoritarian constitution rejected democracy power emperor ministers vast legislature limited japan successfully copied imperialism western society expansion proved japan strong cemented nation mission opened korea gunboat diplomacy imperialism japan decisively defeated china war korea took formosa japan competed aggressively leading european powers influence territory china manchuria japanese russian imperialism met collided japan attacked russia warning bloody war japan emerged valuable foothold china russia protectorate port arthur map annexed korea japan major imperial power continuously expanding influence china spite sharp protests distant pacific neighbor united states japan non western country ancient love country transform meet sided challenge western expansion japan demonstrated convincingly modern asian nation defeat humble western power chinese nationalists fascinated japan achievement group patriots french ruled southern vietnam vietnamese students japan learn island empire secret success japan provided patriots asia africa inspiring national recovery national liberation hundred manchu dynasty china appeared verge collapse
changing tides victory defeat brought neutral countries war map italy member triple alliance declared neutrality grounds austria launched war aggression italy joined triple entente britain france russia return promises austrian territory bulgaria allied austria germany known central powers september order settle scores serbia hungarian grand offensive italy june allowed russia talented commander general alexei reconquer austria hungary polish provinces entry italy bulgaria part general widening war balkans exception greece occupied central powers british forces badly defeated trying dardanelles turkey germany ally successful entente attempt incite arab nationalists turkish overlords enigmatic british colonel soon known millions lawrence arabia aroused arab princes revolt early british armies egypt smashed ottoman empire middle east campaign british drew forces australia zealand india contrary german hopes colonial subjects british french revolt loyally supported foreign masters european war extended globe britain france japan seized germany colonies crucial development expanding conflict april united states declared war germany american intervention grew war sea sympathy entente increasing desperation total war
indian nationalism drew western parliamentary liberalism chinese nationalism developed triumphed framework marxist leninist totalitarianism turbulent early broad alliance nationalist forces russian supported kuomintang national party dedicated unifying china abolishing european concessions chiang successor sun page leader kuomintang broke radical communist allies headed mao tung mao tung led followers incredible thousand mile march remote northern china dug war japanese army occupation force mao chiang cooperate late standing quarrel erupted civil war stalin gave mao aid americans gave chiang winning support peasantry promising expropriate big landowners tougher organized communists forced nationalists withdraw island taiwan mao communists united china million inhabitants strong centralized expelled foreigners began building society soviet lines mass arrests forced labor camps ceaseless propaganda peasantry collectivized inevitable plans concentrated successfully expansion heavy industry asian countries pattern india china britain quickly gave sri lanka ceylon burma independence philippines independent united states dutch attempt reconquer netherlands east indies unsuccessful indonesia emerged independent french similarly sought re establish colonial rule indochina despite american aid defeated forces communist nationalist guerrilla leader ho chi minh
lives scientists noted briefly difficulty appraising individual contribution collaborative team effort deserves real credit blame paper group twenty physicists field chemistry small research techniques thirds papers authors questions proper recognition team effort complicated modern scientists modern science highly brutally competitive competitiveness depicted nobel prize winner james watson fascinating book double helix tells watson english colleague discovered structure dna vital molecule heredity brash young american ph twenties watson obsessed idea research team find solution deprive fame fortune desperately wanted thousands minded researchers wealthy countries surprising scientific technical knowledge rushes forward prodigious expansion science technology greatly affected peoples western creating products vastly improved methods manufacturing farming fueled rapid economic growth rising standards living especially europe scientific technological progress combined economic prosperity creating society war society catchy titles call technocratic society society highly trained specialists experts fascinated increase personal wealth affluent society consumer society
map shows enormous gap wealthy nations noncommunist western europe north america poor nations africa asia closer examination reveal growing split sharply defined economic camps contrary distinct categories nations terms wealth income communist countries eastern europe form middle income group major oil exporting states contrary common belief wealthier countries western europe poverty parts latin america severe map shows standards living considerably higher africa asia encompass considerable variation considers differences culture religion politics historical development supposed split rich poor nations breaks global class war rich poor appears unlikely foreseeable future reasonable expectation continuing pressure reduce international economic differences taxation welfare measures occurred domestically wealthy nations pressure bring modest success wealthy nations generally realize exclusively western viewpoint global issues unrealistic defeating true legacy western imperialism small makes nuclear arms race ominous united states soviet union possess unbelievably destructive expanding nuclear arsenals britain france china india bomb israel south africa countries capacity desire nuclear gloomy experts predict twenty thirty states nuclear weapons
half twentieth century numerous child study institutes founded united states private public funds purposes conduct basic research developmental psychology provide child rearing advice parents interest span development product institutes subjects childhood studies grew older researchers foundations shifted interests later developmental stages institutes yale psycho clinic founded originally major research center focusing infancy clinic conducted research childhood adolescence similarly research institute yellow springs ohio initially conducted studies child parent interactions child rearing patterns eventually development children adulthood investigated trend guidance study directed jean walker macfarlane institute human development berkeley california subjects guidance study complex multidisciplinary investigation biological environmental relationships child born berkeley extremely set data collected subjects study infancy childhood adolescence subjects residing berkeley area seen part guidance study adulthood jones child study subjects adulthood terman research intellectually gifted children terman began comprehensive study thousand exceptionally intelligent children grades california terman research motivated concern widespread belief intellectual precocity pathological intellectual genius partner social developmental abnormality
freud hypothesized child traumatic experience series disagreeable abnormal experiences stages development energy fixation occurs person predisposed reduce tension later resorting forms behavior greatest significance earlier stages development child weaned early experience urges eat drink excess adult child exposed severe toilet training manifest compulsive concern cleanliness adulthood stages concept fixation account ways energy centered person body aspects development freud explained suggesting energy attached individuals literally love objects assumed energy infant attached mother freud noted female patients revealed free associations experienced strong attraction fathers early lives freud analyzed recalled stage adored mother feared hated father eventually want father explain trends child behavior freud proposed oedipus complex refers tendency child age attach energy parent opposite sex experience feelings hostility rivalry parent sex development proceeds oedipus complex resolved child comes identify parent sex
organization adaptation assimilation accommodation equilibrium basic principles piagetian theory principles based differences thinking younger older children differences apparent piaget clinical interview clinical interview children asked explain reasoning answers method illustrated known experiments devised piaget child quiet place experimenter water juice beans poured identical glasses child agrees equal amount water poured glasses tall thin glass point child asked water glass experimenter points tall thin glass immediately child answers experimenter asks think child response evasive vague experimenter continues probe underlying thought processes clear carrying experiment similar children ages piaget discovered children age maintain water tall thin glass short squat glass agree beginning experiment water identical glasses equal pouring takes place young children stoutly insist water poured taller glass asked think preschool children immediately confidently reply taller children age contrast likely reply looks taller re
robert fantz developed ingenious technique studying infants respond visual patterns methods triggered dozens studies led appreciation responsiveness infants fantz constructed comfortable crib depression designed hold infant head steady position crib enclosure topped screen cards fantz settle infant crib attach screen cards patterns drawn immediately attaching patterns fantz peered small hole screen observed reflected image surface infant eyeball determine amount infant concentrated pattern early study fantz observed preferences patterns subsequent study measured duration gaze patterns presented succession findings led conclude early months infants concentrate eighth inch stripes ten inch distance prefer patterns plain colors differentiate patterns similar complexity show interest pattern simlar human face later study fantz found ten hours days attended schematic face concentric circle pattern colored squares theorists hypothesized innate preference human faces fantz joins cohen de strauss reviewed studies concluding hypothesis supported evidence researchers believe face happens type stimulus infants respond
studies fantz early months birth infant able perceive depth intriguing aspect capability provided research gibson walk devised called visual cliff experiment gibson walk constructed platform feet floor top platform sheet heavy plate glass extended side side covered platform height extended floor month infants center platform mothers tried persuade crawl mothers children crawl platform height happily complied mothers attempted entice children crawl glass feet floor infants refused younger babies crawl visual cliff possibly mature able focus eyes floor subsequent study walk found babies likely crawl glass highly visible checkerboard pattern floor grey pattern substituted perception depth difficult infants crawled glass babies likely cliff pattern raised inches glass results studies led speculation interplay heredity environment depth perception develop result experience inborn tendency emerges nervous system matures walk discovered follow investigation children rapid locomotor development greater experience falling likely crawl visual cliff
piaget refers functional assimilation observed terms psychologists robert white instance analyzed views motivation proposed american psychology mid concluded led assumption children stimulated learn respond white rejected conception proposed human beings born built curiosity manifest desire interact environment referred tendency drive competence observations normal human infants puppies kittens tend support white argument young organisms urge explore try abilities tendency demonstrated times controlled conditions evelyn observed happened infants crying cribs picked shoulders mothers cases babies stopped crying abruptly provided opportunity look chance satisfy drive curiosity engaging visual exploration strong minds bothering cribs taking account likelihood thing infants able cribs ceiling side crib crying sheer boredom harriet career studying infants young children kinds situations endorses hypothesis boredom bothers babies notes placing child environment empty crib leads fussing crying
words children learn nelson refer parts body actions familiar objects individuals types words reflect initial stages cognitive development piaget early stages sensorimotor thinking chapter children explore bodies build schemes actions interacting familiar objects individuals observations word acquisition reflect general trends children specialize types words found children concentrate exclusively objects specialize names favor social phrases hi want hypothesizes differences based cognitive styles present language acquired cognitive styles turn based innate tendencies influenced circumstances lead development types schemes girl siblings relatives house inclined develop social phrases boy contact mother dozens playthings concentrate learning names objects soon child forms scheme learns object tendency apply term similar objects psychologists study language development call clark child learns word dog animals called dogs parent corrects child saying honey dog cat child learn correct process illustration piagetian principles assimilation accommodation child notices similarities dogs cats identical elements forming revised scheme dog
intelligence test consists questions test maker believes yield adequate sample subject ability deal types problems test maker considers indicative intelligence test maker defines crucial point appreciating values limitations intelligence tests sir francis galton instrumental initiating mental test movement emphasized test consists sinking shafts critical points set measure intelligence important question critical points try select sample bits behavior hope critical indicative general ability questions fair major factor differences educational opportunity estimate general learning ability account children benefit especially rich home school environment obviously capacity child learn function inherited potential experiences test maker interested general capacity wants avoid measuring abilities largely result set home school experiences questions directly related specific kind home curriculum measure child responded experiences children exposed set home curriculum experiences say re dumb haven chance demonstrate re bright avoid sort handicap test questions based situations common practically children
parents interact extensively preschool children techniques mentioned chapters enjoy interacting children supply excellent environment cognitive development home child restricted opportunities interact children neighborhood reason parents feel attendance nursery school essential noted earlier joan swift found middle class children attended nursery school perform school intelligence tests run children attend swift noted children disadvantaged backgrounds benefit conclusion later corroborated authors persistence preschool effects primary factor middle class parents consider assuming inclination ability techniques deciding nursery school center question parents child engage separate activities part relation point noted full mothering desirable evidence educated women devote full mothering preschool children provide attention child handle study comparing behavior children working nonworking mothers moore reported boys received full mothering preschool advanced cognitive abilities rated conforming fearful inhibited adolescents mistake assume findings mean woman avoid functioning full mother enjoys finds fulfilling
period number investigators university california examined longitudinal data determine impact early later maturation adolescents subjects thirties adult behavior adjustment compared ratings high school investigations summarized table characteristics noted table interpreted literally reasons groups subjects studied types behavior investigators found typical early later consistent parenthetical notes regarding leadership early maturing adolescent males confidence later maturing adolescent girls impact timing puberty varied depending social class comparatively small groups subjects studied factors attractiveness influence characteristics popularity studied finally subjects studies attended high school conceptions sex roles sexual behavior altered significance early later maturation safe conclude behavior development individuals mature substantially earlier later peers influenced significant permanent ways exact nature influence difficult predict reasons clear interpretations data table reviewing research early later maturation norman harvey speculate early maturing male likely draw favorable responses adults adult appearance promotes confidence poise contributing leadership popularity peers
adolescent society james coleman reported bright high school girls try qualify honor roll afraid unpopular boys appears young women greater desire achieve success school career predecessors adolescent adult females primary goal marriage family thousands bright capable women accepted marriage male attracted threatened woman recognizing males sensitive masculinity generations practical women avoided display abilities resorted subtle indirect ways achieving success marriage awareness aspect male female relationships account fear success stories written females studies horner stories stressing anne discomfort finding word leads reader believe anne bothered top class attributed recognition need protect male ego philip dreyer reports percentage women admit pretend dumb dates dropped considerably thirty today history choices concerning career marriage males females inextricably intertwined adolescent experience douvan adelson emphasized extent future high school girl mid depend married true adolescent females significant number high school college females determined try alter pattern establishing careers
chapter differences preschool elementary school behavior expectations making point adjusted loving supporting parents automatically happy successful popular student left elementary school twelve faced adjustment situations substantially met easily surmounted preschool developmental tasks adolescence youth discussed chapter significantly elementary school cognitive moral emotional aspects adolescent youthful development analyzed reasoned happy successful popular sixth grader automatically happy successful popular high school senior comes attend high school reunion ten twenty graduated discover firsthand happy successful popular high school seniors automatically successful adults true cases turn adolescents gave appearance miserable confused high school surprisingly end adults attempts analyze longitudinal data effort trace continuities personality infancy adulthood results inconsistent difficult interpret bit support descriptions children excellent start continue cope adjusted adults promise children mess lives conversely children difficulties early adolescence blossom reach thirties forties
recently research supported commonly held assumptions remorseless inevitable decline intellectual competence advancing age writes sole indisputable emerged majority studies intellectual aging age related performance differences investigators argue decline intelligence age myth position plasticity adult intellectual development assumed recognize age related intelligence assert myth lies assumption decline intelligence general abilities universal persons decline intelligence function individual differences adults physical decline thought welcome grow older removes developmental psychologist position merely cataloging inexorable decline age intelligence decline adulthood similar questions adult development answer yes increases declines adulthood elements continue develop elements show signs deteriorating basis exhaustive review intellectual abilities prepared handbook psychology aging botwinick statement reviewing literature recent conclusion decline intellectual ability clearly part aging picture recent literature bringing attention older literature declines start later heretofore thought smaller magnitude include fewer functions
death dying bereavement complex psychosocial biological problems contemporary society chapter concept death viewed part natural rhythm death happens happen age facing death death difficult confrontations part natural rhythm cycle death central theme human development becker calls idea death mainspring human activity page ix death bereavement reciprocal relationship human development experience death bereavement affects development relationship death bereavement affected developmental level person dies uniquely personal deaths part lives determined mixture developmental characteristics personal histories havighurst notes accepting inevitability death preparing represent final developmental tasks chapter striking similarity butler review concept erikson stage integrity versus despair identified review triggered heightened awareness imminent death viewed major step personality development important element person adjustment death constitutes mechanism personality development end past decade thanatology study death dying aroused considerable amount interest generally field developmental psychology recent surge interest subject society attitude death dying ignoring denying worst
fluctuations feelings emotional reactions dying researchers prefer think process terms phases stages understand idea phases dying process introduced ideas trajectory dying trajectory trajectory individual projected span plans individual makes anticipated span trajectory circumstances compel face fact die sooner expected diagnosis terminal illness trajectory living dying interval span aware impending death calls crisis knowledge death actual death living dying interval dying trajectory takes shape dying trajectory deals length form process dying dying trajectory person depending circumstances differences individual characteristics depending nature terminal condition dying trajectories identified death known death unknown uncertain death known question resolved uncertain death unknown question resolved dying trajectories living dying interval dying process consists phases acute phase chronic living dying phase terminal phase acute phase period crisis individual learns impending death high levels anxiety disbelief bewilderment confusion mark phase ross stages denial anger bargaining acute phase chronic living dying phase individual experiences reduction anxiety confronted fluctuating set fear emotions
sense place part person identity heritage identification place integral part culture home strong emotional concept building physical site homeland charged passionate feelings outsiders extreme irrational intimate interrelationship culture place illustrated crisis points involved israeli palestinian conflict hoped return land patriarchs jewish faith unifying force jews centuries concept homeland palestinian nationalism culture place linked course crisis areas knows places culturally distinctive part identity appeal specific place related physical geography examples sharp cultural divides regions locally similar physical appearance united states mexico border instance soviet union siberian border republic china cultural differences immediately obvious differences extremely complex distinctive nature place concern challenge geographers physical cultural landscape completely uniform space geography element aspect evenly distributed degree mapped spatial variable measured shown graphically social scientists futurists claimed process culturally homogenized
secondary concentrations found generally areas local environment favorable surrounding areas limited extent exceptional circumstances restricts settlement areas size results million densities generally high higher found major concentrations fertile crescent represents concentration million arid area permanent streams fed mountain precipitation snow melt ring area provide water irrigation high fertility alluvial soils result periodic flooding techniques developed centuries increase support dense populations west african concentration discontinuous series population clusters coast gulf guinea major inland valleys variety natural factors result normal fertility select points plantation agriculture remaining colonial era investment concentration routes interior coastal ports resulted greater population concentrations coast million occupy zone settlement area generally export crops cocoa palm oil leading economic instability rich resources faces dilemma diversify agriculture continue specializations past gain foreign currency industrial investment atlantic coast south america concentrates million water balances fertility levels average tropics specialized export farming west africa prevalent suffers problems instability markets unusual mineral concentrations resulted increased population densities local areas urbanization surprisingly developed industrialization
rapid scientific medical technological strides termed health care revolution modern medicine died large numbers result accident diseases infection consider minor today tiny scratch preindustrial primitive environment prove start overwhelming infection leading death deadly diseases virtually eliminated preventive inoculation immunization smallpox forever polio extinction threat health united states preindustrial societies vulnerable disease epidemics bubonic plague black death europe mid fourteenth century killed estimated quarter population england suffered percent population loss generation catastrophies common human existence resulting high death rates population growth rates low fluctuating level strides developed affecting underdeveloped network clinics hospitals underdeveloped areas minimal coupled importation antibiotics greater general availability medicines resulted increased area growth rates mass inoculations instituted governments underdeveloped countries reduced threat epidemics government sponsored programs reduced breeding grounds pests parasites spread fatal debilitating weakening diseases means totally eliminated health hazards reduced spans lengthened recent progress health care greatest fronts reduction infant mortality reduction ravages debilitating disease early progress eliminating controlling cholera yellow fever smallpox eliminated massive death waves past
striking differences levels economic development attributable cultural factors physical geographic factors differences levels capital investment applied technology productivity standards living apparent differences economic development nations readily observable understanding differences exist easily achieved geographers speculated reasons distributional pattern developed underdeveloped developing regions countries universal agreement simple effect relationship assumed exist natural resources development today geographers accept deterministic reasoning simply exceptions lavish supermarket industrial raw materials country borders relationship level development look human cultural answers geographers centuries american author publish geography america morse charlestown massachusetts dr morse wrote series school texts general geography easy american universal geography eleventh edition published boston dr morse discussed geographical location physical cultural economic geography american foreign country sought cultural explanations levels economic development observed discussion jersey noted manufactures hitherto inconsiderable sufficient supply articles iron nails leather spirit industry improvement manufactures greatly increased
british missionaries allowed countries complex linguistic cultural picture resulted religious diversity potentially divisive factor increased french attempt convert muslims areas religious conflicts generally converted french missionaries practice aided increasing literacy language uniformity religious homogeneity french colonies british fostered native tribal structure divide rule philosophy colonial control unity tribes british postponed animosities tribes deepened strong tribal structure british colonies remains today hinders unity states french minimized tribal power inadvertently aiding postindependence unity british educating native political scientists lawyers actual ruling french ruled decree bureaucracy decisions france africans carried code napoleon gave structured uniform basis government terms economics major differences colonial practice british allowed native extensive agriculture largely herding slash burn type exist unchanged dry extremely infertile areas fertile land dryland areas uplands african agriculture replaced large white colonists farms generally plantations plantation based economy induced overdependence crops fluctuate wildly prices plantations large farms dominated whites zimbabwe internal civil strife result colonists largely expelled result return low productivity extensive subsistence farming eliminating important source foreign exchange
typically generation migrants maintains native tongue daily household language belongs organizations membership composed exclusively ethnic group upholds variety cultural traditions home follows behavioral patterns similar country origin generation language country daily tongue fluent language parents definitely language fewer traditions upheld membership organizations general individual organizational memberships exceed ethnic orientation cultural behavior tends follow norms host country society overtly reject ethnic ties deny background generation ancestral language words generally lost curiosity ethnic background ethnic ties looser emotional ethnic interest run high generally ethnic affiliation openly acknowledged necessarily ardently felt ethnicity based variety things common language ethnic origin potent forces ethnic identification original migrants cultural attributes traditions meaning later generations distinctive religious practices behavioral patterns differ widely majority culture tend preserve higher degree ethnic cohesion awareness longer period certainly religion religiously influenced dietary practices daily patterns language nationality preserves jewish ethnic awareness judaism actively practiced ethnic food traditions customs fondly remembered serve ethnic identity alive
western religions form continuum common roots oldest traditions judaism arose thousand ago traditions semitic thought specially chosen god jews claimed descent abraham figure religious ritual simple jewish history dietary sanitary practices individual group morals strict basic rules behavior embodied ten commandments teachers prophets added rules traditional belief god personal intervention affairs jews strong jewish religion monotheistic jews await coming messiah savior deliver earthly oppression persecution jews originally nomadic early history wandering moses led area permanent settlement region today israel area centrally located middle east fairly watered largely arid region subject repeated conquest romans center religious power national fervor jerusalem destroyed peoples dispersed roman empire dispersal called physically separated group held religion culture jews scattered remote corners empire spain north africa remained descendants called speak variant spanish salted arabic turkish hebrew words spanish inquisition jews left spain portugal sought asylum turkish empire jews fled spain england france sought asylum germany acquired yiddish german dialect
culture material package culture intellectual abstract material cultural things seen touched cultural form decoration material texture color symbolism produced context cultural tradition material culture includes limited buildings monuments costume furniture gravestones transportation equipment musical instruments toys tableware cooking equipment cosmetics weapons shrines fences farmstead layouts settlement patterns decorative arts material culture highly important expression culture continuity accumulation material culture basis continued advances development generation produce social capital tools production standard living lower level study material culture offers variety opportunities cultural geographers characteristic material culture region nation identified studied terms interaction physical cultural environments geographical study style material culture building fences barns tracing migration contacts peoples cultures transference adaptation culture spread specific boat hull design arch buildings material culture constantly modified adapted cultures replaced technology design contemporary virtually earlier civilizations include material culture borrowed intact literally transported stolen adapted modified times mobility material culture offers fascinating insights origins development individual cultures civilizations
human culturally modified shaped built landscape tell culture created rarely intended symbolize culture popular material expressions culture read discerning eye tell consciously intended tell imagined shaped institutions authorities un selfconscious communicating cultural values dealing economic legal problems values highway oriented business district commercial strip appearing present form war ii matured characteristically american locale shopping casual leisuretime activities cruising strip form mobile social consumption popular american films typically american pastime typically american setting americans mainstream cultural thought reasons commercial strip representative culture place strip creation automobile oriented automobile dependent society exist average adult american access car persist americans cars willing able going daily routines strip downtown series large neighborhood shopping districts customers smaller community urban neighborhood shopping districts local residents walked favorite stores stores restaurants service establishments owned operators mixed small stores public institutional land city halls parks libraries churches fraternal organizations ywca parking curb additional lot provided main street courtesy pressure local government local business
nature quantity energy person provide single measures levels industrialization technology high spatial correlation average standard living levels household energy consumption primitive hunting gathering societies energy humans convert food intake human energy intake mechanical human energy converter produce output horsepower hour assuming ten hour workday amount tenth twentieth energy output horse requires proportionately calorie consumption horse totally dependent human energy mechanical sense generate surpluses output obtain calories energy calories primitive necessarily energy obtaining adequate food anthropological studies kalahari bushmen showed enjoyed leisure average citizen industrialized nations certainly total energy residents industrialized countries increasing command energy underlying factor agricultural revolution commercial revolution obviously industrial revolution agricultural revolution greatly increased efficiency reliability food production civilization fueled effect large surpluses food energy produced calories amount human mechanical energy production specialization labor important key development commercial revolution preceded industrial revolution powered primarily sailing ships domesticated animals forms increasing energy efficiency
geothermal energy produced italy california zealand japan mexico iceland soviet union geological conditions suited energy production highly localized corrosion problems due dissolved minerals handicap operations estimated geothermal energy supply percent electrical demand tidal power generating electricity small experimental scales france south korea soviet union maximum potential sites percent electric energy demand theoretically potential wind energy enormous percent earth wind energy electricity source supply conceivable energy demands entire resource huge machines simple technologically mass production result wind generators electricity competitive rates advantage wind energy renewable flow resource creates thermal atmospheric radioactive pollution fear catastrophic accidents case thermonuclear generators disadvantage speed direction vary greatly wind constant oil shale western united states offers potential source liquid fuel kerogen environmental problems large scale exploitation high quality resources considered green river formation wyoming colorado utah provide billion barrels oil figure total resource including thin layers shale lower concentrations oil ton rock exceed trillion barrels mining oil rich shale present problem disposal spent crushed rock
factor discouraged mining plains coal depth coal surface deep earlier strip mine technology profitable distance plains coal reserves major heavy industry centers metropolitan areas major negative factor changing technology changing economics energy led reevaluation plains coal larger efficient strip mining machines deeper generation electricity require larger quantities coal future reasons objections environmentalists slowed completion nuclear generating plants lead required obtain permits approval designs begin construction test finally begin generation increased greatly planned nuclear plants delayed indefinitely proposed temporarily abandoned power companies government projections nuclear power generation decreased thirds proclaimed drive energy independence relies heavily coal coal industry notes abundant united states arabs coal centuries proven reserves economic limits distance electricity transmitted efficient conductors offer resistance passage electric current aluminum iron core distance transmission development high voltage lines kilowatts mine mouth generating plants transmit electricity market economically feasible alternative transport coal mine market oriented generating stations important low sulfur coal recently moved train river barge utah ohio valley generating stations blend higher sulfur appalachian coal
context tourism relationship developed underdeveloped worlds based developed initiative underdeveloped nations primarily tourist recipients tourist generators developed advances transport technology facilitate rapid expansions advancing frontier tourism underdeveloped nations attempt direct tourist currents individual countries offer subsidies tourism forms major capital investments flow corporate investors industrialized nations management commonly foreign host nation tourist industry largely vertically integrated transport corporations involved hotel ownership car rentals tourist services profit developed highly competitive fares airlines largest carriers controlled developed shape flow tourists group rates low considering distance high rates seat capacity utilization achieved hotel rates held lower due guaranteed high rates occupancy due charter fares round trip stockholm structure cheap fares explain distance sweden winter resort tourist overseas regular destination tourists regular overseas european destination areas gambia west africa obviously result air fare structure addition factor distance significant location development market oriented recreational areas consider cost distance major factor selective development resource oriented resorts underdeveloped true climate tourism industrial nations tropical underdeveloped countries
age european exploration discovery culture vast lands exotic cultures fabulous resources repeated planet continue rediscovery complexities reevaluation known environment terms cultural minor details physical crust earth remain identified measured specialized data scans magnetism density reflection sound waves orbiting satellites discovering details huge excitement accompanied major discoveries past shifted focus universe earth humans earth sense comprehensive accurate charting land seas embark voyage discovery discover intelligent human organization total physical resource base fundamental relationship home planet changed existence human race nature perceived hostile force conquered unknown feared investigated cautiously advances technology centuries enabled humankind impose human organization control human race capacity affect environment negatively virtually matches nature awesome destructive power escalating capacity manipulating physical environment lead arrogant lack concern careful consideration single minded solutions specific problems create problems solve planning frontier plains north america part known centuries seen americans canadians changed perception economic organization plains times
frequency oil spills refinery fires existing east coast port plant locations contribution seashore tourism regional economy high population densities area difficult problems pollution zone intense industrialization favored strong environmental controls hand fuel shortages private industrial waning area economies favor intensive investment offshore resource development response earlier environmental concerns congress passed coastal area facility review act act attempted place restrictions coastal area development wetlands streams wetlands area breeding ground fish wildlife waterfowl adjacent estuary areas valuable crab shellfish resources states involved developed environmental restrictions areas stringent federal standards wetlands constitute promising locations oil gas related onshore facilities processes planning development control divided federal levels level variety agencies charged related controls functions jersey twelve counties asked impact studies submit plans concerning onshore effects projected development offshore oil gas secretary interior responsible sales regulations connected leasing offshore tracts jersey office coastal zone management department environmental protection coordinated planning staff county planning boards actual studies minor civil division input offices economic development oil companies local business interests environmental groups attempted opinions preferences known
hundred ago respecting citizens took bible literally hell fiery place beneath feet heaven archbishop james ussher ireland making careful calculations based biblical references determined creation subsequently date inserted margins authorized versions bible acquire infallibility scripture cleric working independently ussher exact moment creation october bible dictated explanations odd discoveries earth shells petrified wood ancient objects digging earth curious things strangely resembling bones animals authorities held objects molded familiar forms satan deceive humankind generally accepted notion fossils formed natural forces chance imitation reverend john ray cambridge university lecturer naturalist recognized fossilized shells collected mountains exactly shells gathered seashore landlocked fossils obviously remains fish lived ocean deeps account presence marine fossils mountains ray resorted ingenious interpretations testament earth history concluded study fossils washed places deposit bible forty days forty nights unceasing deluge filled reservoirs caused fountains deep break
despite place animal kingdom humans unique animals command planet makes human mind sure knowledge makes clear mind remarkable combination organic hardware supports mind useless humans dominate animal kingdom possess big complex brain special combination physical characteristics granted compared sleek grace jungle cat streamlined strength pound tuna regal bearing horse human puny body answer rhetorical question careful examination physical adaptations illustrate physical traits added separate humans animals overwhelming significance skeleton built walking upright figure eyes capable sharp dimensional vision color hands grip powerfully manipulate things nimbly features found degree primates elaboration special combination distinguishes controlling making equipment brain physical organ introduces capacity rational thought body makes human abilities speech distinguishing attributes uniquely combined humans interact impossible say led necessarily important reinforces makes improvements
darwin idea blending inheritance held sway introduced seemingly insurmountable problem child blend parents characteristics succession generations result loss variation term effect sexual reproduction population decreasing variability individuals exactly opposite true variability maintained increases darwin plagued problem attempt discover traits inherited experimented garden pea plants care took figure pattern order inheritance felt exist apparently darwin read scientific journals enlightened ironic coincidence basic laws evolution fundamentals heredity discovered darwin turning final formulation theory evolution austrian monk gregor johann mendel figure launched series experiments demonstrate inheritance evolution chaos chance miracle matter natural law mendel discoveries immediately seized incorporated theory evolution darwin heard mendel monk reports lay scientific thirty mendel born july village czechoslovakia father anton known fine fruit trees taught young johann improve orchards local manor house
magnificent find creature closely related simons yale university fossil called consisted virtually complete skull head bones upper lower jaw full set teeth canine teeth front upper jaw fitted lower jaw allow shearing ability modern apes stunning find promise cusps lowers molars triumphantly confirmed apelike arrangement fit teeth figures fact primitive ape discovered spaniel sized skull shaped monkey looked monkey ape convincing evidence jaws teeth proves separate monkeys course additional evidence continues accumulate indicating monkeys apes early date equally significant apes beginning differentiate modern species apes gibbon orangutan gorilla chimpanzee gibbon considered human morphological pattern chimpanzee human early days distinctions clear cut today logically expect find ancestral forms carry characteristics living apes degree apes foreshadowing gibbons larger ancestral today chimpanzees
south african fossil types led humans remained unanswered question stone tools found type light shed matter dart broom preoccupied fossils australopithecus ancient controversial character number discovery argument tool user ape eighteen concentrating anatomy university witwatersrand dart returned search dawn analyzed thousands fossilized animal bones remains australopithecus found cave deposits miles north figure dart concluded africanus employed tusks teeth cutting tools jaws saws scrapers leg bones figure arguments ingenious widely accepted today clear extensive deposits tools bones collected gnawed carnivores mainly porcupines broom sought clues cultural objects essential hominid status colleagues hunted stone tools robust smaller hominids found simple pebble tools discovered terrace vaal valley formed dry period hominids lived fist sized pieces stone chips removed impossible archaeologists australopithecus brain larger modern ape question tools continued haunt broom paleoanthropologists
richard leakey flew south helicopter border kenya eastern shore lake turkana previously called lake rudolf figures leakey spotted likely sites air set helicopter top turned richest mines hominid fossils found results lake turkana carried large group scientists directed richard leakey isaac university california berkeley sensational sites east lake named discovered superb skulls dozen mandibles lower jaws parts mandibles arm leg bone fragments isolated teeth amounting hundred specimens material super robust boisei type dates nearly million ago million ago figure east turkana fossils combined omo finds material young individuals males females variation dentition outlines variable population super robust australopithecus boisei begin reveal population study individual fossil extremely important today exactly alike australopithecus creatures reason drawing conclusions single fossil risky measurements single fossil theories built result measurements information misleading fossil typical large number specimens variations account
predators fear humans plenty food gorillas encountered lived mild amiable serenity figure live groups twenty group led powerful male called saddle grizzled silver hair males grow reach age ten dominance group absolute genial occasionally young gorilla silenced glare threatening slap ground adult couple females begin scream leader glares promptly calm irascible leaders females nestle infants crawl happily huge bodies band gorillas rest young play mothers tend infants adults lie peace soak sun humans gorillas yawn stretch awake morning sit dangling legs sides nests pick noses scratch puzzled nervous excited begin eat vigorously person pull cigarette individual variation gorillas curious reserve quiet creatures rarely immense strength nonetheless gorillas exhibit strong feelings especially feel threatened scream alarm warning members group toss leaves air beat chests
ten occupation sites identified olduvai seventy fossil tool bearing sites scattered twelve mile stretch gorge floor cultural debris arranged peculiar manner dense concentration chips flakes tool manufacture mixed number small smashed animal bone fragments crowded roughly rectangular area fifteen feet wide thirty feet surrounding rectangle space feet wide cultural junk ground nearly bare place material abundant account extraordinary arrangement obvious explanation densely littered central section living site surrounded protective thorn hedge inside hominids relaxed safely tools ate food tossing hedge simply drop floor site roughly circular formation stones fourteen feet diameter figure stones occupation floor widely haphazardly scattered contrast circle dense concentration hundred stones carefully arranged ring took trouble higher piles stones feet circle configuration survives nearly million staggering ancient arrangement stones brings mind kind shelter today tribe southwest africa figure low rings stones higher piles intervals support upright poles branches skins grasses spread wind
clues pointed tropics darwin suggested tree dwelling progenitors lived warm forest clad land alfred russel wallace recommended forebears sought tropical zone wallace lived malaysia noticed islands sumatra borneo figure home gibbon oldest primitive living ape orangutan advanced intelligent species ape wrote interest naturalist look forward caves tropics examined past history earliest appearance apes length known wallace curiosity islands caves proved contagious dubois began think seriously going dutch east indies explore caves read geology natural history region convinced missing link discovered islands part continental asia seas inundated lower land turning mountaintops islands animals wandered freely north age twenty eugene dubois set solve mystery human origins find fossil creature apelike humanlike traits prove relationships humans apes dubois planning focused sumatra dutch rule practical place dutch citizen launch expedition told colleagues university amsterdam reason believe solve mystery human origins
hunting increased amount food mentioned previous chapter food meat cooked fire concentrated form nourishment efficient source energy wild vegetables fruits berries venison instance yields calories calories measure energy food grams weight weight fruits vegetables yields calories medium sized animal provided compact easily carried form amount energy results foraging greens nuts yield calories meats undoubtedly vital part early humans diet find nuts grow localities seasonal game widely important factor development hunting evolution homo erectus vegetable food temperate regions tropical savanna regions wet dry seasons supply vegetable foods continuous success vegetarian savanna monkeys demonstrates north temperate zones real vegetable foods nuts berries consumed fall winter early spring meat major part diet homo erectus groups expanded temperate zones hunting essential adaptation groups succeed bitter winters northern eurasia meat eating brought clear cut advantages survival natural selection favored individuals small degree physical mental traits hunters
sorts theories sprang concerning origins speech eighteenth century french philosopher jean jacques rousseau envisioned group tongue tied human beings getting stammering overnight language felt need communicated invented words communicate rousseau failed mention contemporary german romantic historian johann gottfried herder espoused notion language human god instilled believed illogical imperfect language attributed divinity herder argued rousseau ideas saw language springing innermost nature humans response impulse speak language took shape herder say imagined started humans began imitating sounds creatures eventually imitative sounds words animals theory known today disagree bow wow thesis number similarly named ridiculed ranging whistle grunt thesis ouch ouch claimed language rose exclamations pain pleasure fear surprise darwin concept human evolution provided approaching problem origin language scientists beginning develop theories speak reason believe homo erectus creature begin depend language communication studies animals monkeys apes laboratory wild understanding foundation language based shown considerably ape talkative humans think
fossil skull positively identified belonging ancient human prepared sight primitive looking skeleton human closet skeleton found brought crippling case ancestor blindness compare skull skull modern human scientists struck differences similarities today reverse true compared predecessors homo erectus showed considerable evolutionary advancement shorter average modern westerner considerably heavier featured muscular modernity discovered city dusseldorf germany tributary stream rhine flows steepsided gorge known neander valley neanderthal german figure flanks gorge quarried limestone summer workmen blasted open small cave sixty feet stream dug pickaxes floor cave uncovered number ancient bones intent limestone pay attention bones complete skeleton lost skullcap ribs parts pelvis limb bones saved owner quarry thought belonged bear presented local science teacher known interested things
story human environment clear forms strand story human evolution tropical rain forest womb human ancestors emerged ancestors evolved moved shelter forest occupy open woodland tropical savannas expanded north temperate zones occupy increasing number biomes ecological zones grassland woodland alike adapted eventually cool taiga subarctic coniferous forests icy tundra moved northern taiga game alpine pastures evolved flexibility live biomes organism flexibility humankind owed course strand story evolution remarkable extraordinarily adaptable body astounding brain seen scattered teeth jawbones ramapithecus qualify ancestor fully known australopithecus creature certainly bipedal hominid human teeth australopithecus adapted style savanna dweller flexible behavior highly social genus constant part savanna million sprang bigger brained forms true humans homo habilis line homo erectus invaded temperate zones expansion continued northward entered arctic regions equipped highly developed technology biologically modern members species homo sapiens find modern indistinguishable physically settling entering australia
individuals vary widely blood types populations vary frequency proportions alleles gene states determine blood types resultant antigens frequencies recorded human populations genetic markers major geographical races separate races strikingly shown figure study blood groups important medical advance led understanding role adaptations disease antigens carrier blood group protection infant diarrhea groups protect plague group bronchial pneumonia subdivisions group rhesus gene gene figure susceptible smallpox group individuals liable stomach cancer pernicious anemia gastric duodenal ulcers tend affect persons group frequency genetic diseases group genes races result selection infectious diseases populations exposed evidence american indians northern plains evolved high incidence gene result recent exposure smallpox figure research relationship disease human genetics early stage progressing rapidly medical genetic problem presented carry genetic disease sickle cell anemia places malaria longer present malaria maintain balance sickle cell gene eventually lost result natural selection homozygotes heterozygotes
clear increase population primarily due making greater greater resources forest cleared crops grown place sunlight area contributing food humans wild animals grazing meadows savanna grasslands killed replaced cattle sheep goats conversion plant energy animal protein turned human benefit cases ultimate limitation amount energy delivered sun earth surface turned carbohydrates photosynthesis green plants green plant needs place sun limiting factors requirements plants water minerals soil lack water problem farmers occasionally overcome irrigation advanced technology obtain food earth ultimate limits firm land oceans eventually malthus predicated limits operate halt human population growth bring stabilization voluntarily parts famine normal condition malnutrition found dying hunger tens thousands partly increase population due merely increased resources advances medicine brought increased expectancy australopithecus average expectancy fifteen twenty homo erectus lived twenty thirty today citizen united states expect live seventy figure
married woman works illustrates change emphasis survival emphasis identity needs needs money needs money survival give continue husband large raise suppose young school teacher marry wealthy young careful succeed school teacher principal lead stayed close curriculum written rules security needed job praise job praise principal gave security longer needs job security marriage husband decide continue teach school situation teaches enjoys children friends faculty happy successful principal criticizes bulletin boards control class children exuberant smiles let worry wants job security gently demands considered independent predictable person today identity society teacher altered role engineer large firm fills government contracts works hard concerned status considers status indication security interested size office number shares secretary dining room access parking place
vietnam war war fought part identity society soldiers provided daily evidence erratic inconsistent support government concerned professed goals country soldiers concerned practical goal making forced servitude painless safe soldiers took easily drugs felt failure frustration intense fear addicted returned home society gain pain frustration disappeared able give large doses drugs longer need addition permitting protests additional examples political enlightenment laws court decisions divorce abortion protecting civil rights rights accused criminals laws guaranteeing individual freedom implemented provide chance live successfully society media especially television final important factor causing emergence identity society early grown depend television evening weekend pleasure young children estimated watch television thousand hours start school television influenced lives western programs commercials tell constantly personal worth personal pleasure important television tells dissatisfied status quo experience presently aware unlimited possibilities humanity finally achieve human potential products advertised living shown programs
television programs movies sufficiently appeal audience need involvement fail lonely edsel needed failed highly successful escape movies led briefly imagine independent roles wealthy played cary grant irene dunne culture average difficulty finding escape increased security want escape want face screen struggle human involvement going tough waterfront early movie kind patterned shane cassidy movies graduate butch cassidy kid love story young involved easy rider midnight cowboy flouting traditional values exploring cultural gap appeal young older generation losing traditional goal values discovering pure role movies tv programs family mary tyler moore show sanford son show behaving human ways expected stereotypes traditional television pap identify personally involved searching involvement programs unexpected popularity television programs bonanza show family involvement exemplify father son relationships successful programs plots resolve happily characters economic security lead unlike movies show failure misery television rarely shows threats security lonely starving occasional dramas documentaries create interest
believe cases behaviors symptoms chosen ninety modern psychiatry conditioned idea suffer psychological symptoms choice involved symptom pain result conflict rooted subconscious mind part mind control certainly lifetime experiences forgotten residing subconscious mind help determine symptoms choose case symptom lonely failing certainly careful history failing person reveal small child lonely took small steps reduce pain symptom companion loneliness continued nurtured companion overshadowed pain initially caused embrace adult crazy withdrawn choose behavior clear blue sky began developing short periods voluntary detachment withdrawal involvement thoughts symptoms control severe stress extreme rejection period loneliness failure occurred causing grasp elaborate previous mild symptoms complete withdrawal reality withdrawal call psychosis symptom small children adults chosen reason normal children choose create imaginary companion christopher robin created winnie pooh children suffer loneliness easily conjure friend later children grow mature learn amount loneliness rejection part elwood dowd discovered embraced harvey adults intolerant continued association imaginary companions
doctors understand role ulcer companion say patient re suffering stomach ulcer sympathy attention resort companion reduce responsibly involved ulcer saying lead worsening symptom making patient feel rejected understanding doctor lecture patient knows patient needs lecture needs involvement doctor unfortunately involved patient plan help patient find involvement able offer medical treatment doctor ignores avoids social issue patient acutely ill need medicine rays continuous checkups lab tests kind firm encouragement examine present carefully find responsible involvement entire treatment trips doctor tests hospitalization medication clinic visits opinions medical consultants secondary involvement reinforces psychosomatic symptom companion precludes patient learning responsible ways handle sick notable disease caused biologic agent pneumonia serve purpose failing person quickly companion replace usual term choice symptoms working mental hospital young resident patient extremely hostile offered shake hand spit floor curse loudly accuse persecuting
reality therapy gain maintain successful identity book reality therapy describe called irresponsible call failure identities principles briefly discussed schools failure basis helping failing child gain success school principles reality therapy need restricted professionals helping irresponsible teachers helping failing children gain successful identities contrary principles parents ministers doctors husbands wives wishing gain help gain maintain successful identities able gain successful identities successful identity society society founder successful gain involvement confidence competent worthwhile loved loving survival society strove successful identity achievement personal fulfillment achieving security identity society successful identity half billion incumbent successful help teach successful show convince pathways success involvement exist society seen turmoil twenty identity society recognize drain society potential trouble caused identify failures reality therapy exclusively mentally ill incompetent disturbed emotionally upset system ideas designed help identify failure learn gain successful identity help successful maintain competence help successful
children need love support warm human involvement steve beth discover beginning giving love easiest part raising child easy love small child respond love harder continue give love involvement guidance goals grows older involvement large family including grandparents relatives normal part survival societies identity society involvement gained presence fewer steve beth living parents brothers sisters help mike child comfortable friends strangers learn skill talking listening beth steve realize mike deal involvement family small needs nonfamily socialization addition involvement family plenty family fun roughhousing guy hothouse plant strong child beth sees mike exposed normal noisy household activity tread softly exposes babies share playpen short periods older children adults hold talk takes weather lets held young parents show warm friendly safe surroundings part mike early exposing surroundings beth steve give security needs help transition parents strangers
schools failure discussed school need foster involvement children educate relevant ways insist thinking curriculum emphasize memorization answers grades goal oriented schools fail role oriented students beth steve ensure role oriented upbringing home mike identity strong counterbalance goal oriented school attend help mike goal oriented school system making feel successful school steve beth help mike demand school expect mike genius compare children worry excelling mike read christmas grade later quickly learn spell arithmetic steve beth accepting understand children advance slowly mike perceive silly school refuse learn beginning skills reading writing clearly speaking effectively arithmetic accurately important elementary school steve beth need concerned mike learn facts courses readily read help school involvement tutoring gain worth homework help mike learn express discuss television articles newspapers movies attends sporting events material possessions cars bikes
steve beth mike plays concerts movies widen intellectual horizons ask watch television programs selected artistic intellectual content discussions follow events help build involvement challenge mike think steve beth encourage mike courses music drama art debate school interested members community steve beth support efforts subjects school curriculum idly watch cut frills adhere solely mike social important part development person reaches school age certainly steve beth welcome mike friends home extra planning food house invite friend enjoy dinner family welcoming friends help parents children bridge cultural gap effort feed extra children additional noise dinner worthwhile helps mike feel welcome important house added bonus suttons find associate mike friends warm friendly manner young delightful cases fun adults delightful steve beth genuinely completely welcome home mike friends respect rules home steve beth children grow status home child chance sit head table seat occasionally
realize sue trouble school school talk teacher counselor administrator find person school interest try moments moments help girl sue school trying home beginning succeed class negative school ordinarily interests girls age interest special attention help ask teacher talk sue find sue presented personally encourage sue give praise succeeds start raise interest addition suggestions involved guiding sue encouraging teachers step find tutor neighborhood look professional teacher professional tutoring service find community sue relate older high school young college girl young college boy attention interest school success flatter sue tutor spend hours getting acquainted talking interests school relate begin helping sue directly session devoted talk tutoring experience parents suggestion obtaining qualified young person tutor found child greatly helped
meetings friends satisfying stan associates young rationalize involved behavior ways beginning drug associates friends give illusion involvement involved drugs involvement associates lessens begins realize drugs offer lasting quality involvement drugs companion circumstances parent regain stan confidence start communication young person completely involved drugs slight contact parents parents takes drugs told moved house adding drugs solved problems blaming previous problems told drug hurt show mores drug society stan hair dresses uniform clothes taking pride lack personal ambition goals relaxed ease conforming chosen society dedicates drugs square values friction antagonism left home parents told welcome home takes drugs hangs drug friends dresses refuses parent son parents retract tell wrong tell welcome home
parents interested helping child find cooperative juvenile authorities want reasonable plan daughter custody prepare going home linda understands home alternative staying custody stay home give promiscuous behavior parents demands able rehabilitate linda difficult suggested takes attempt treat structured allowing continue selfdestructive behavior disastrous common identity society children problems discussed previous chapter children psychiatric difficulty child acting running home drugs engaging sex failing seriously school obviously touch reality young society act ways try relieve pain failure likely problems related school drugs sex psychiatric problems manifested primarily withdrawal exist young children say age ten believe parents observe child withdrawing professional psychological help parents learn involved child regain successful identity bring child therapist sure understands problem suggest ways parents guide child involvement addition nursery school help child involved children return reality
private agencies private practitioners need reputation effectiveness attract clients competition community involvement centers certainly effective organizations alcoholics anonymous continue sought help privately welcome help center private practitioners encouraged center supplement necessarily hours treatment chronic physical ailments serve involved oneself failure helped learn succeed despite handicap recommended probationers attempting rehabilitation mentally disturbed included therapy groups aided personal volunteer center program chronically disabled handled vocational rehabilitation programs include present past symptoms treatment discussed effort devoted getting recognize potential successful efforts despite handicap mixed therapy group center programs help hospitals segregated wards chronically disabled forced association reinforce failure limited medical care center medical procedures require expertise hours travel waits county hospitals nurse technician patients spend travel waiting procedures performed community involvement center medical delivery system dr sidney garfield briefly mentioned chapter mesh perfectly community involvement center
recognizable human beings living earth million evolutionary arriving present physical structure ago physical structure fixed essentially human millions behavior varied widely variable governed factors total nervous system conscious mind nervous system urges protect safe enjoy mind choose possibilities recognize open mind nervous system harmony feel conflict suffer suffering intense fear soldiers obey orders battle choosing override nervous system sends constant stream messages conscious mind urging change behavior run learn satisfy extent nervous system urges learn choose options society call society civilized identity society later refer society identity society civilized identity society twenty short changed behavior drastically enmeshed rapid change put behavior perspective compare civilized identity society understood behavior previous society survival society
survival society able gain independent role concern primarily pleasure involvement aspired saw key independence attained independent role tried help chance bare survival recorded history frequently history mentions tried effect limited lincoln freed slaves improve black americans bare survival civilization forced suppress delay alter need involvement need intrinsic suppression painful suppress attempted involved enemies survive history america reveals incidents indians attempted friendship quickly betrayed slaughtered suppressed need involvement survive goal effectively replaced role survival societies identity live constant frustration need involvement unfulfilled today living western assurance survival hope identity bear doubly miserable load increased communication aware survive recognized human poor countries appeal gaining identity desire survival makes blind followers political demagogues promise dependent role attempts understand behavior judge recent past
study human behavior happens isolated individual consider institutional arrangements individuals live family community larger society arrangements varied understood single standpoint number fields inquiry developed anthropology economics linguistics political science sociology specialties known behavioral social sciences term social science inclusive behavioral science restricted fields focused individual behavior psychology anthropology linguistics fields grown appreciate individual social behavior understood terms behavioral science social science interchangeably psychology social psychology tend viewed part social sciences focuses social phenomena physiological psychology hand thought behavioral science studies biological basis behavior individual organisms educational psychology studying individual child learns read arithmetic labeled behavioral science study group interactions classroom social science psychology referred behavioral science discussion emphasizes individual social science emphasis groups individuals interaction aim science provide information form verifiable data data obtained conditions qualified repeat observations obtain results task calls orderliness precision investigating relationships communicating
brain structures clearly gradually merge leads debate exact boundaries functions control purposes helpful think human brain composed concentric layers developed stages evolution primitive central core limbic system evolved core later stage evolution cerebral hemispheres known cerebrum responsible higher mental processes figure shows layers fit concentric layers compared detailed cross section human brain figure central core includes brain stem slight enlargement spinal cord enters skull medulla narrow structure inches controls breathing reflexes help organism maintain upright posture point major nerve tracts coming spinal cord descending brain cross side brain connected left side body left side brain side body say significance later attached rear brain stem slightly medulla convoluted structure cerebellum cerebellum concerned primarily coordination movement structure lower vertebrates snakes fish humans specific movements initiated higher levels smooth coordination depends cerebellum cerebellum regulates muscle tone intricate movements fish swimming bird flying human playing musical instrument
deal information brain mechanisms language comes observations patients suffering brain damage damage due tumors penetrating head wounds rupture blood vessels term describe language deficits caused brain damage noted observed damage specific area side left frontal lobe linked speech disorder called expressive individuals damage area difficulty enunciating words correctly speak slow labored speech makes sense includes key words nouns generally expressed singular adjectives adverbs articles conjunctions apt omitted individuals difficulty understanding spoken written language carl german investigator reported damage site cortex left hemisphere temporal lobe linked language disorder called receptive damage area able comprehend words hear words meaning produce strings words difficulty proper articulation errors word usage speech tends meaningless based analysis defects developed model language production understanding model general features correct recent norman built developed theory known model schematic overview model presented according model area assumed store codes sequence muscle actions required pronounce word
put jigsaw puzzle colors sizes individual pieces look look puzzle completed detail oil painting meaningless collection paint total impression organized stimuli properties predictable parts isolation theoretical significance organization stimuli producing perceptual experience recognized early proponents gestalt psychology school psychology developed germany early twentieth century gestalt german word exact english translation form configuration pattern comes close word helps emphasize affects parts perceived perception acts draw sensory data holistic pattern gestalt reason sum parts favorite principle gestalt psychologists max leaders gestalt school motion illustrate principle experience motion produced series pictures viewed quick succession present pictures individually pointed arises relation large number perceptual phenomena shown illustrate gestalt principle phenomena fall classes perceptual organization perceptual constancy perceptual illusion gestalt psychologists discovered number perceptual phenomena concerned part stimulus appears relation referred instances perceptual organization propose number laws explain gestalt assumption perceptual organization law simplicity corresponds simplest interpretation stimulus
stimuli reach sharply limited able perceive moment perceive depends stimuli cognitive processes reflect interests goals expectations moment perceptual focusing called attention sit reading stop moment close eyes attend stimuli affecting notice tightness left shoe pressure clothing shoulders sounds coming room constantly bombarded stimuli attend fact brains hopelessly overloaded attend stimulus present environment brains select stimuli pertinent ignore change stimulus makes important notice evidence actively attending stimuli register momentarily perceptual system recognize consider takes place cocktail party complex mixture sounds generated voices able listen voice think attending voices let corner room mention immediately aware apparently nervous system monitors voices relevant stimuli aware activity cocktail party situation raises interesting questions able focus attention conversation surround register conversations attending
psychologists demonstrated control dream content making suggestions subjects period analyzing content dreams follow carefully designed study implicit suggestion researchers tested effect wearing red goggles prior sleep actual suggestion subjects understand purpose experiment subjects reported visual dream worlds tinted study effect overt suggestion subjects asked try dream personality characteristic wished subjects dream intended trait recognized cartwright post hypnotic suggestion influencing dream content extensive study method detailed dream narratives suggested highly responsive hypnotic subjects suggestion subject slept roused rem sleep resulting dreams reflected thematic aspects suggestion including specific elements dreams reflected specific elements suggestion tart dick careful laboratory studies sleepwalkers shown behavior takes place sleep study subjects averaged speeches night researchers found percent talking took place sleep finding mean independent dreams dreaming limited rem sleep thought rem discovered dreams place rem sleep likely recalled dreams herman
discussion concepts rest chapter assume words reflect existing concepts perceptions assume language designed express thought structure language reflects structure thought relationship language thought thought determining language language determines thought essentially linguistic relativity hypothesis proposed whorf whorf argued kinds concepts perceptions affected language languages speak speak languages perceive ways called linguistic relativity hypothesis proposes thought depends relative language convey provocative idea caused debate psychologists linguists anthropologists evidence cited favor hypothesis based vocabulary differences english word snow eskimo speakers eskimo perceive differences snow speakers english similarly english word rice language spoken burma words rice husked cooked uncooked kinds conditions rice perceive differences lost speakers languages observations constitute strong evidence linguistic relativity hypothesis critics hypothesis argue clark clark according critics language embody distinctions important culture create distinctions limit speakers perceptions
recent research experts represent problems area differently novices specifically experts representations stored memory bring bear problem master chess player look seconds complex board configuration pieces reproduce perfectly novice situation reproduce usual items chapter experts accomplish memory feat developed practice representations board configurations permits encode complex configuration couple chunks chase simon difference experts novices experts typically general rough ready strategies called applied variety problems expert solving mathematics problems heuristic tough problem try think analogous problem solve generalize solution problem trying solve physics problems experts physics invoke general trying generate specific equations novices lacking typically start writing equations general plan mind larkin study generate plans researchers method computer simulation describe thought processes solving complex problem descriptions guide programming computer solve problem finally output computer compared aspects performance problem plans match match computer program offers theory aspects problem solving
obesity runs families fat parents tend fat children cases clearly result hormonal disorders biological determined obesity eating patterns obese individuals rats vmh lesions remarkably similar eat meal eat rapidly normal organisms highly responsive food tastes similarities led speculation hypothalamus obese individuals sets higher normal baseline fat tissue individuals biologically programmed fat body fat stored special fat cells called obese individuals differ non obese individuals size number fat cells sample obese subjects found times fat cells normal subjects important finding number fat cells individual set early age remains fixed overeating increases size person fat cells number starvation decreases size person fat cells number weight loss obese individuals number fat cells filled start overeating individuals large number fat cells higher baseline body fat individuals fewer fat cells heredity early nutrition play roles determining individual number fat cells causal relationship clear researchers believe person fat cell count genetically fixed birth think number fat cells determined nutrition early months overfeeding infant stimulate development fat cells
psychoanalytic theory approaches personality viewpoint theories discussed trait social learning theories focus public personality concerned primarily behavior psychoanalytic theories contrast explore private personality unconscious motives direct behavior psychoanalytic theory concerned personality develops freud theories formulated treating emotionally disturbed persons fill volumes outline psychoanalysis published death present barest outline freud theory personality freud compared human mind iceberg small part shows surface water represents conscious experience larger mass water level represents unconscious storehouse impulses passions inaccessible memories affect thoughts behavior unconscious portion mind freud sought explore technique free association requires person talk comes consciousness matter ridiculous trivial analyzing free associations including recall dreams early childhood memories freud sought help patients aware unconscious discover basic determinants personality freud believed personality composed major systems id ego superego system functions interact govern behavior id primitive part personality present newborn infant ego superego later develop id consists basic biological impulses drives need eat drink eliminate wastes avoid pain gain sexual pleasure
psychoanalytic theory enormous impact psychological philosophical conceptions human nature freud major contributions recognition unconscious needs conflicts motivate behavior emphasis importance early childhood experiences personality development emphasis sexual factors led awareness role adjustment problems paved scientific study sexuality freud observations victorian period sexual standards strict understandable patients conflicts centered sexual desires today feelings guilt sex frequent incidence mental illness remains sexual conflicts personality disturbances major critics point freud theory personality based entirely observations emotionally disturbed individuals description normal healthy personality addition freud ideas decidedly sexist theory female psychosexual development shaped penis envy accompanying feelings unworthiness due lack equipment certainly inadequate view current awareness role social factors play gender identification brother penis girl victorian era envied greater independence power social status psychoanalysis exerted powerful influence thinking human nature seriously questioned scientific theory freud constructs ambiguous difficult define behaviors child anal stage psychosexual development behaviors
individual differences help seeking pronounced discomfort psychological clearly physiological study compared students university counseling clinic random sample general student population scale measuring symptoms psychological distress percent students sought counseling scored high scale percent random sample equally high scores mechanic number students seek help distressed students addition degree distress factors determine individual seek help including religious social values socioeconomic background attitudes versus dependency noted section person cognitive evaluation situation important determining severity stress events change scale change line change responsibilities viewed threatening individual challenging investigators studying personality characteristics resistant stress initial study executives managers company checklists asked describe stressful events illnesses experienced past white college graduates aged married children groups selected comparison group scored average stress illness group scored equally high stress average illness members groups filled detailed personality questionnaires
practices nazi germany hitler provoked social psychologists interested obedience authority propaganda efforts sides war ii led psychologists study persuasion attitude change intensive began yale university attention directed components persuasion communication target individual studies conducted determine characteristics successful communicator persuader characteristics effective communication effective order present arguments personality types easily persuaded hovland kelley results studies complex easily summarized focus characteristics effective communicator topic wide ranging implications everyday social influence straightforward findings research persuasion higher person evaluation communicator likely persuaded communication result predicted theories attitude consistency discussed chapter evaluate highly puts argument position variance current attitudes inconsistency dissonance set reduced eliminated changing evaluation communicator changing attitudes research shown kinds occur ways theory predicts osgood tannenbaum major elements target individual evaluation communicator communicator credibility attractiveness target individual
watson announced behaviorism america gestalt psychology appearing germany word gestalt translates german form configuration psychology announced max psychology concerned organization mental processes position identified closely colleagues kurt wolfgang kohler migrated united states earliest gestalt experiments dealt perceived motion phi phenomenon separated lights flashed succession provided timing spatial locations proper subject sees single light moving position light phenomenon apparent motion familiar gestalt psychologists sensed theoretical importance patterning stimuli producing effect experiences depend patterns formed stimuli organization experience decided relative background aspects sum parts consists parts relationship gestalt psychologists subscribe introspective psychology watson vigorous opponents behaviorism want give kind free introspection goes wanted able ask person looked meant interested observed movement judged sizes appearance colors illumination importance perception psychological events led influenced gestalt psychology number perception centered interpretations learning memory problem solving interpretations spoken forms cognitive theory instrumental laying groundwork current developments cognitive psychology
psychological experiments data collected groups subjects group exposed experimental conditions serves control group question difference mean performance groups difference observed holds population groups subjects sampled basically asking difference sample means reflects true difference difference simply result sampling error compare scores reading test sample grade boys scores sample grade girls boys score lower girls mean performances concerned deal overlap boys extremely girls poorly accept obtained difference means making test statistical significance decide observed differences sample means reflect true differences population due sampling error brighter girls duller boys sampled sheer luck difference due sampling error suppose set experiment compare grip strength handed left handed top panel table presents hypothetical data experiment sample handed averaged kilograms stronger sample left handed general infer data left handed handed argue sample data handed stronger left handed
psychology past short history psychology past centuries includes philosophy study knowledge reality human nature contrast psychology history began ago sciences psychology kid block easily persons field alive today dislike history tempted view psychology past short ideas psychology past intimately tied present understand psychology let look short history psychology history began leipzig germany father psychology wilhelm established psychological laboratory wanted explore mind directly philosophers armchairs defined science psychology study conscious experience asked sensations images feelings formed find combined careful measurement introspection looking called approach experimental observation experimental observation highly developed skill needed professional wine subjects practice observations allowed describe sensations real experiment laboratory wonder gadgets recorders instruments presenting stimuli measuring recording responses earliest experiments concerned sensation perception especially vision hearing taste touch later interested reaction memory perception feelings host topics emphasized gaining information observable measurable events truly psychology start
united states today find believe earth flat flat earth disc shaped north pole center south pole ringing outer edge question believe thing seeing astronauts photographs earth flat point opposite side large lakes seen binoculars earth flat surface person jumps air miles surely say fact proves earth rotating globe segal obviously flat wrong observations wrong wrong reasons interested truth ways psychologists search accurate information avoid trap faulty observation scientific method based collection solid observable evidence accurate description measurement precise definition controlled observation consistent results ideal form scientific method steps observation defining problem proposing hypothesis experimentation theory formulation question hypothesis hypothesis tentative explanation event behavior common terms hypothesis clearly stated testable hunch educated guess hypotheses discussed later chapters aggression encouraged frustration intellectual development infancy altered parenting styles forgetting caused loss memory traces forming hypothesis steps scientific method illustrated story clever hans wonder horse rosenthal clever hans horse owned mathematics instructor solve difficult math problems answered tapping foot
speed action potential depends number things including size axon thin axons carry nerve impulse rate meters feet longer larger axons connect body brain average roughly meters miles hour steps toes brain message fiftieth speed nerve impulses increases myelin present myelin forms layer fatty insulation axons myelin typically small gaps millimeter allow nerve impulses move faster jumping gap gap question information carried neuron seen nerve impulse primarily electrical contrast neurons talk chemically nerve impulse reaches tips axon terminals release neurotransmitters potent chemicals cross tiny space synapse neurons transmitter molecules attach special receptor sites dendrites soma neuron fig muscles glands activated question arrival neurotransmitter trigger action potential neuron neurotransmitters excite neuron move closer firing inhibit likely discharge neuron bombarded messages hundreds thousands neurons number messages arrive quick succession neuron reaches threshold firing recall nerve impulse yes event contrast messages received cells combined averaged neuron decides send message
popular forms consciousness alteration reserved applications section chapter high degree usefulness transcendental meditation short simple exercise capable producing highly relaxed condition trained claim improved energy concentration memory sexual response alertness regular meditation refer high campbell makes feel relaxed peace claims exaggerated fact remains harmful effects beneficial study bodily occur wallace benson found oxygen consumed heartbeat slows respiration reduced brain waves show marked increase alpha frequencies physiological reverse observed body subjected stress believed highly valuable means combating stress modern question meditation transcendental meditation simplest styles meditation simplicity easily learned experiment college students simply instructed concentrate breathing sitting let breath relaxed natural let set pace depth focus attention breathing movements belly nose throat allow extraneous thoughts stimuli pull attention breathing hard directing attention turn comes subjects responded exercise end week period reported experienced deeply satisfying consciousness
tonight going fly dreams tonight going fly growing number pronouncements part daily thoughts attempt control content dreams current interest dream control began study isolated tribe malaysia australian anthropologist stewart published accounts group dreams heart culture stewart amazed smoothness culture functioned seemingly need police force jails psychiatric hospitals astonished claim violent crime clash stewart attributed situation daily practice type dream therapy dream interpretation core feature child education common knowledge adults breakfast homes dream clinic adults listening analyzing dreams children discussing messages held dreams western dream theorists believe beings dream universe represent facets dreamer psyche coming disguised form unlike traditional dream theorists believe person master dream result children rapidly lucid dreamers child reports frightening falling dream encouraged adult episode change pleasant flying scaring dream adults encouraged continue dreams arrive resolution sexual dreams move orgasm dreamer ask dream lover poem song dance knowledge shared group
seen response reward repeated major principle operant conditioning responses rewarded situation tend control stimuli present situation called stimulus control notice works friend mickey rat learning bar pressing response mickey skinner box illuminated bright light training sessions light alternately turned light bar press produce food light bar pressing goes unrewarded soon observe rat presses vigorously light ignores bar light light signals consequences follow response similar situation child learning ask candy mother mood asking times operant conditioning stimuli precede rewarded response tend influence response occur evidence stimulus control shown turning food delivery light trained rat discover rules changed important aspects stimulus control generalization discrimination let return vending machine illustrate concepts generalization question generalization operant conditioning classical conditioning basically yes responses reward tend stimuli preceded present result similar stimuli tend bring response assume instance consistently rewarded kicking vending machine kicking response tends occur presence machine
start discussion problem solving solve problem give try famous ocean liner queen ralph steaming port miles hour miles shore seagull takes deck flies port instant speedboat leaves port miles hour bird flies speedboat queen ralph speed miles hour bird flown boats pass don immediately answer problem read answer revealed solution insight section follows tremendous amount problem solving problem solving commonplace figuring nonpoisonous meal leftovers refrigerator significant developing cure cancer case begin awareness answer exists proper manipulation elements thought solution found number approaches thinking reasoning problem solving identified mechanical solutions achieved trial error rote forgotten combination bike lock able discover trial error era high speed computers trial error solutions left machines computer generate combinations numbers lock split mechanical problem solving inefficient alternative solutions exist nearly knows roomful monkeys randomly pounding typewriters eventually produce works literature
research overeating suggests hunger affected number factors addition actual bodily needs food let consider additional topics interest learning think foods desirable revolting obviously eating habits america consider eating eyes steamed head monkey thailand dish considered real delicacy americans trouble getting thought eating brain cow tongue chocolate covered grasshoppers caviar commonly accepted foods countries token willingness consume large quantities meat eat cows cook fish considered barbaric cultures tastes normal foods vary considerably experiment demonstrated hungrier person pleasant sweet food tastes subjects full reversed judgments considered sweet foods unpleasant interesting note taste aversion easily learned food sickness simply precedes sickness caused foods avoided positively nauseating person involved friend author ill eating cheese danish actually able face face delightful pastry question getting sick occurs eating food eaten question taste type classical conditioning stated chapter delay prevents conditioning reason theorized biological tendency associate upset stomach food eaten earlier
due recent popularity heard theory curious theory claim evidence support charted theory states subject separate cycles physical cycle lasting days emotional sensitivity cycle days intellectual cycle half cycle supposedly positive days half negative according theory cycles begin birth flow synchronization cycle positive negative termed critical cycles line critical days chances disaster accident supposedly high easily chart incredible number commercial charting services promote case histories celebrities errors accidents performed exceptionally working overlook cases don fit reggie jackson outfielder york yankees incredible hitting streak lead team victory series ask jackson rock bottom louis question companies cut accident rates charting employees support theory catch consider arrive bus drivers railway company japan receive card warns critical predicted
acceptance aging process developmental tasks later adjusting decreasing physical strength adjusting retirement reduced income adjusting death spouse friends meeting social civic obligations ability establishing explicit affiliation age group maintaining interests concern coleman principal theories proposed explain successful adjustment physical social aging theory assumes normal desirable withdraw society age henry according theory elderly persons welcome relieves roles responsibilities able fulfill likewise society benefits younger persons energy skills fill positions aging individuals certainly known disengaged society grew older theory criticized describing successful aging orderly retreat question theory say view optimal aging provided activity theory assumes activity essence ages activity theory predicts remain active physically mentally socially adjust aging havighurst proponents activity theory believe aging persons maintain activities earlier person forced give roles activities recommend replaced aging person able maintain image greater satisfaction social support resulting successful aging question theory correct
jensen ignores point dove test assumptions biases content standard iq tests allow meaningful comparisons ethnic cultural racial groups garcia leon says important fact say sex race intelligent measuring intelligence iq tests point makers iq tests decided advance test items give women equal iq scores easy put iq test give blacks whites country equal scores differences iq scores fact nature decision test makers whites iq tests written whites blacks iq tests devised blacks fact intelligence test words selected dictionary afro american slang williams gave test black white high school students st louis found black group averaged points higher white group devastating criticism jensen logic faulty consider corn comes varieties selectively bred grow height plant tall short varieties side side field observe genetically determined difference height maturity corn variety plant half fertile field half poor soil observe difference maximum height obviously mistake assume genetically caused
leader aggressive ambitious analytical assertive athletic competitive dominant forceful independent individualistic decisive willing risks masculine affectionate cheerful childlike compassionate gentle lover children loyal sensitive shy soft spoken sympathetic tender understanding warm yielding feminine question characteristics lists lists traits stanford university psychologist sandra bem bem gave longer lists traits students asked classify trait desirable women list includes traits high masculine rating list favored feminine traits lists hand bem constructed bem sex role inventory list masculine traits assertive feminine traits affectionate gentle neutral traits truthful friendly box bem associates gave thousands asking say trait applied fifty percent surveyed fell traditional masculine feminine categories percent scored higher traits characteristic opposite gender percent getting roughly equal scores masculine feminine items question haven means male female traits word androgyny literally means woman androgyny sounds sex change operations actually refers liberation constraints traditional sex roles person masculine feminine traits
think strength quality possessed individuals power social arises disappears disperse trying understand ways able influence helpful distinguish types social power raven reward power lies ability reward person complying desired behavior teachers try exert reward power students grades employers command reward power control wages bonuses coercive power based ability punish person failure comply coercive power basis statute law fines imprisonment control behavior legitimate power comes acceptance person agent established social order elected leaders supervisors legitimate power teacher classroom classroom power source referent power based respect identification person group person refers source referent power direction expert power based recognition person knowledge expertise achieving goal allowing teachers experts guide behavior believe ability produce desirable results physicians lawyers psychologists plumbers expert power person power situation situations person power authority section investigate obedience obedience special type conformity demands authority question ordered shock known heart condition screaming asking released
tend think coercive persuasion unacceptable immoral restricted brainwashing united states percent criminal cases solved confession confessions suspect interrogated police officer police interrogations obviously successful knows cases innocent confessed crimes commit frequently read persons retracting confessions interrogation question innocent confess crimes commit studying police manuals procedures philip states convinced secret techniques police force highly developed psychologically sophisticated effective chinese communists disagree opinion thought provoking exhorted leader members reverend jim jones temple picked paper cups drank purple aide laced deadly poison cyanide psychologically mass suicide jonestown incredible isolated jungles guyana intimidated guards lulled sedatives cut friends relatives totally accustomed obeying rigid rules conduct inhabitants jonestown primed jones final loyalty test greater psychological interest question reach commitment dependency question join groups temple psychologist margaret singer studied aided cult members interviews reveal recruiting members cults powerful blend guilt manipulation isolation deception fear escalating commitment
disorganized data difficult form picture differences hypnotic susceptibility frequency distribution large amounts information neatly organized summarized frequency distribution entire range scores broken classes equal size number scores falling class recorded table raw data condensed frequency distribution notice clearer scores entire group frequency distributions expressed graphically visual called constructed labeling frequencies ordinate vertical line class intervals abscissa horizontal line bars drawn class interval height bar determined number scores class fig alternate graphing scores familiar frequency polygon fig points center class interval number cases dots connected straight lines measure central tendency simply number describing middle score scores fall familiar measure central tendency mean average moment types averages illustrate need table shows raw data hypothetical experiment subjects test memory assume group drug purported improve memory let call drug group received placebos difference memory scores groups difficult tell computing average
imagine arrived bus station half hour early sit minutes watch passing scene walking catch attention notice varied lot tall short fat thin blond dark haired bald skin color ranges pale white dark brown faces strike homely handsome teenager rucksack leaning cane young mother carrying wailing baby listens loudspeaker booms announcement bus leaving turn wall clock check babble voices hear unfamiliar sounds japanese distance radio pop tune nose catches mingled smells pizza frying hamburgers nearby food stand realize re hungry notice couple laughing young girl sitting nearby looks anxious fearful argues heatedly ticket agent watch listen mind registers things going wanders think trip home wonder brother school daydream evening hope spend friend haven seen weeks worry passed chemistry test plan organize english paper write remind fill application job psychology study mind behavior deals things hypothetical scene bus station psychology studies understanding familiar moments
technical terms learning permanent change behavior resulting rewarded practice real learning involves change sustained change behavior lasts rewarded fumbling clutch happen necessarily learned clutch learned reward practice cement learning satisfaction feel mastering skill exhilaration feel rewards learning clutch properly learn changed response part repertory responses called needed clutch automatically learn spanish como elicits automatic bien gracias psychologists recognize main kinds learning classical conditioning previously neutral stimulus comes elicit response similar original stimulus paired number times fumbling clutch anxious elicited response heard gears grind stimulus gearshift previously neutral stimulus anxious instance classical conditioning operant conditioning actions rewards likely repeated experimentation practice refined control clutch pedal meshed shifting gears reward smooth ride form behavior likely occur satisfying event say reinforced imitation observational learning means follow learning imitating friend wheel learned shift smoothly
russian revolution shooting streets hid rooms order survive ivan pavlov studying conditioned responses arrived lab customary punctuality conditioned response lab deserted ten minutes assistants arrived pavlov criticized lateness reminded bloody revolution doors difference revolution laboratory pavlov replied pavlov laboratory model efficiency notoriously careless mundane details private promotion brought sorely needed cash bonus pavlov lent untrustworthy friend money home money repaid pavlov wife handled finances living poverty level pavlov forgot pick paycheck pavlov impractical bent personal affairs illustrated gift gave wife engaged typically luxuries candy theater tickets leave trip bought pair shoes opened trunk found shoe response query pavlov wrote don look shoe took remembrance put desk pavlov early circulatory system led discover laws governing regulation blood pressure cardiac activity data performed surgery live dogs operation typically terrified animals pavlov surgeon dogs bothered
membrane terminal axon tiny vesicles release chemical substance impulse reaches substance called neurotransmitter neuron chemical messenger snyder neuron fires releases neurotransmitter spreads synaptic cleft reach receptor sites adjacent neuron dendrite figure response dendrite graded neurotransmitter receives greater frequency fire neurotransmitters excite adjacent neuron making fire inhibit making likely fire neurotransmitter inhibits adjacent neuron shifts neuron electric charge firing threshold making need greater excitation order fire neurotransmitter firing creates shift electric potential firing threshold receiving neuron takes packets neurotransmitters create shift potential reach firing threshold cell excites fire cell turn releases neurotransmitter adjacent cell releases neuron neuron neurons send string messages brain nerves body billion neurons hundreds synapses complexity transmission patterns neurons limitless sum total neurons firing moment mean brain activity controls aspect mental behavior neurotransmitters chemical messengers regulate brain activity type neurotransmitter fits neurons receptors chemical substance key fits lock
ancestry human brain traced million earliest stirrings planet simple celled creatures rose evolutionary ascent nervous system impressive primitive forebear single cell humans brain nervous system billion cells control trillion cells body primitive forms single celled organisms paramecium exhibit rudimentary forms behavior whipping drop water bump point seek path seek areas food single celled animal akin nervous system behaves rung evolutionary ladder step nervous system seen multicellular organisms typical hydra tiny sea creature attaches rock waving poisonous tentacles catch small animals wander sort complex behavior demands groups cells specialized specific functions grasping poisoning eating able communicate coordinate efforts nerves cells specialized communicate coordinate found semblance brain sophisticated species evolve flatworm creatures fundamental improvement neurons arranged clustered groups nerves leading clusters marks link evolution simple nets nerves centralization brain flatworms learn key property full brain touched rod flatworm curl protect cautiously uncurl touched repeatedly eventually stop curling touch rod
taste especially easy associate illness producing learned distaste classical conditioning discussed chapter method effectively wolves discourage attacking herds sheep wolves ate meat treated lithium noxious element sick acquired aversion sheep garcia al program coyotes sheep giving meat spiked synthetic tabasco sauce spraying sauce sheep humans similar phenomenon called sauce effect occurs person eats meal sick afterward frequently distinctive taste meal sauce artichokes distasteful report developing foods happened eat ill garb study children receiving chemotherapy cancer showed nausea induced drugs took acquire distaste food eaten treatment bernstein children taking drugs flavor ice cream called popular blend black walnut maple group ate ice cream taking nausea producing drug ice cream drug didn nausea group nausea inducing drug ice cream weeks later children choice playing game percent children nausea inducing drug chose percent children groups chose ice cream positive food preferences acquired young children mexico strong irritating taste chili peppers schiller
conditions motives likely lead satisfaction strong drive maturity experience incentives possibility attaining goal absence strong conflicting motives inhibiting feelings incentives mixed lead conflict approach approach conflict confronts person attractive choices avoidance avoidance conflict toss things don want approach avoidance conflict difficult resolve involves choice includes positive negative aspects intrinsic motivation enjoyment inherent task reduced extrinsic motivation offer reward task performance reducing external motivation enhance intrinsic motives kinds pressure enhance motivation quality pressure job challenge feelings financial responsibility interpersonal conflict unreasonable demands counterproductive pressures yerkes law posits drive performance related inverted easy tasks perform motivation high difficult tasks lower motivation known measuring intensity motivation learned studying behavior laboratory animals deprived goal object measures human motivational intensity include increases decreases speed movement manual task power muscular contraction speed learning primary motives biologically based innate include psychological learned components primary motives triggered homeostatic imbalance hypothalamus hunger regulation center overweight eat tasting bad tasting food normal weight
appraisal person event determine emotions arouses arnold outraged sports car driver angry realized driving poorly upset feelings changed anger concern degree change thoughts situation change interpretation feelings demonstrated known experiment singer series studies groups subjects epinephrine injections arouse visceral reactions subjects told symptoms injection faster heart rate hand tremors flushing told deliberately misled told expect numbness itching waiting drug effect subject shared room confederate experimenter pretended subject confederate euphoria faked anger questionnaire subject asked fill misinformed subject likely share confederate elation anger told physical reaction expect injection tended elated angry confederate experiencing emotion helped explain physical symptoms misled apt confederate mood told accurately expect likely results suggest individual situation plays key role emotional response importance cognitive factors appraisal emotions led criticism singer model physiological arousal precedes emotion daily rarely strong arousal precedes emotion producing event
decades william james receiving attention james proponent james lange theory emotion prolific thinker turn century grappling issues topics spanned spectrum psychology single theory james proposed survived unchallenged writings anticipated later research notions learning similar skinner behaviorist theory philosophical concerns developed existential psychology thinking cognition attention affect current information processing reflections nature sound concept recent interest states consciousness motto james words normal waking consciousness special type consciousness whilst parted screens lie potential forms consciousness entirely apply requisite stimulus touch completeness definite types mentality field application adaptation forbid premature closing accounts reality eldest children wealthy york born father william james spent youth attending scores schools europe america search father hoped superior education star family brothers sister oldest henry famous novelist william extended period personal turmoil shifts direction finally finding true course art chemistry physiology caught interest enrolled harvard medical school
children miniature adults thought processes merely efficient versions adult thought processes qualitatively psychologist devoted energy study cognition children swiss born jean piaget half century carefully observed recorded behavior children including infancy adolescence singer infant inherits physical structures automatic behaviors reflexes piaget play minor role cognitive development piaget maintains infant tends organize thought processes coherent systems infant coordinates structures looking mobile crib grasping mobile system visually directed reaching child adapts environment modifies understanding processes assimilation accommodation adaptation continually child information existing cognitive structures alternatively accommodate adjust mental structures behavior light information infant cup milk suck bottle trying assimilate understanding bottle learn drink cup accommodate understanding source fluid assimilation accommodation equilibrium balance cognitive structures incoming information mental structures created combined form coherent patterns functions organization adaptation structures meet ends change child development regular series stages table
average american home television set hours nursery grammar school age children spend average hours watching tv age sixteen american children spent watching television going school estimate average american child watches commercials parents psychologists concerned effects television called parent development children research sought assess effects focusing areas effects tv violence children social behavior effects children shows cognitive skills gullibility children viewers commercials research focused negative effects television especially model aggression typical study children ages viewed excerpts actual tv programs depicting violent nonviolent scenes free play situation children exposed aggressive programs engaged longer attacks children exposed nonaggressive programs aggressive programs elicited higher level aggressive play nonaggressive younger aged boys taking part study baron largest dose violence tv occurs prime saturday mornings programs designed heavily watched children surveys content programs found average hour cartoons times violent episodes average adult program al studies effects violent cartoons children behavior shown increase violence
mothering distributed essential care child haphazard common alternative mother care leaving child care center especially large commercial care centers care inadequate children caretakers variety activities cases child development retarded seriously conger care center run leaving child distinct advantages allowing mother leaving child care part mean child love mother common fear mothers contrary studies infants left care centers months showed warm bonds person cared infant invariably mother comfort bored tired distressed children care compared reared home equally measures attentiveness memory perception language care center run dangers children develop remained home care advantages staying home kids care chance explore strange environment play peers caring adult relaxed accepting standards cooperation cleanliness aggression conger difference home care care explain children care adapt quickly strange places explore play easily peers
careful honor role angle feels trying impress backfire jones guard negative reaction case effectively giving sides arguments grade giving side argument works audience sympathetic position give em hell approach political rally sided argument appeals listeners informed side issue hovland sheffield including arguments interest help convince professor listeners feel simply con argument credible criminals argued curbing police powers sway audience prisoners argued increased police power arguments highly effective walster aronson abrahams arguing interest credibility disinterested changing person views increases potency argument study walster listeners thought happened overhear convinced arguments offered thought communication aimed directly reason believe trying persuade give credence opinions factors increase persuasiveness argument rogers speaker liked persuasive famous actor claiming beer high fashion model endorsing perfume change attitudes beer perfume information find appealing
matter energy shortage turn heat air conditioning degrees say excuse excessive energy supply shrink energy modern case tragedy commons commons jointly owned resource including air breathe coffee pool office person common resource moderation system works resources quickly problem develops needs individual conflict term needs community gas shortages illustrate dilemma shortage drivers hoard gasoline buying won run results lines pumps drivers gas worsens shortage actually conflicts individual versus group needs short term versus term benefits resources low kind regulation agreed enforced commons systems working effectively remains dilemma problem free rider commons restraint satisfy needs limit consumption preserve resource gas shortage free rider buy gas limit order gas staged experiment problems free riders managed set commons points points wanted
costs male sex role socially psychologically physically die sooner fewer close friendships expectancy women risen women sexes gained twenty difference women jumped reason unhealthy nature male role remember competitive aggressive impulsive pattern characteristic type behavior hurried frantic pace makes likely heart attacks friedman ages thirty seventy likely fatal heart attack women pressures macho greater aggressiveness likely women die violent death accidents homicide suicide psychological costs manliness price success slaves jobs successful workaholics putting fifty hour weeks ahead result restricted personal successful obsessed tired play boys taught manly cry grown don stifling emotions results finding difficult express feelings especially tenderness vulnerability sawyer disclosing general women jourard stereotypes male role demand tough achieving unsentimental learn conceal sides vulnerable fearful emotional net result women avoid intimacy maintain facade unemotional stoicism keeping problems bottled inside
question ask psychologists scientific field devoted studying knows certainly true unusual characteristic psychology makes troublesome exciting students extent expert subject direct experience chemical reactions laser beams actions drugs genetics internal workings bodies fields chemistry physics medicine biology preconceptions ready told truth contrast lots experience subject matter psychology spend lives interacting observing trying gathered sorts information function information unable dark room sunlight eyes change repeating phone number times makes easier remember longer eating hungrier eat learned similar angry aggressive annoys dreams remember clearly influenced advertisements political campaigns naturally learned deal human behavior studying scientifically knowledge students psychology head start encounter course familiar sounds fitted experience
memory brain debated shown times instances learning simple classical conditioning require intact cerebral cortex researchers attempted isolate memory storage focused cerebral cortex karl worked rats conclusion storage memory diffuse event occurring cortex simultaneously found rats trained respond array stripes removal portion cerebral cortex matter mattered total amount cortex removed fact percent cerebral cortex remove deficit proposed areas cerebral cortex capacity store information experience parts cerebral cortex learn simultaneously contrast wilder neurologist generated remarkable data regarding specific locations specific memories undergoing brain surgery awake pain receptors located brain feel surgeon receive feedback patient operation able stimulate regions association cortex patients operated epilepsy amazement found small amount electrical activity applied surface cortex elicit specific memories past experiences patient remember details party attended young details recalled tended remember specific smells sounds emotions related specific experiences
evolution process average genetic composition group animals charles darwin origin species published book biology profoundly influenced psychology darwin proposed theory evolution based observations plant animal species darwin drew conclusions species tend reproduce rate sufficient exhaust resources survival produces struggle existence fittest members species survive consider case common housefly start houseflies single optimal conditions descendants number clearly houseflies continue reproduce optimal rate nature population held check disease predators scarcity resources survival organism pollution environment consequence houseflies compete organisms environmental niche order survive successful competitors producing offspring successful organisms according evolutionary theory adapted environmental niche inhabit darwin argued characteristics hereditary characteristics passed successful organism offspring research identified hereditary unit gene gene contributes controls production adaptive characteristic animal gene chance living produce offspring carry gene gene passed generation generation comes close immortal dawkins fascinating discussion gene evolutionary theory final crucial part theory evolution occasionally genes due process known mutation
sensory register receive information information lost immediately goes short term memory curve road turn wheel car immediately remember seconds later left sensory register short term memory repeating curve enter short term memory able recall seconds short term memory involved want deal directly information asks phone number bring information short term memory supply asked names kinds big cats bring memory store names cats read lion tiger leopard words short term memory information dealing moment short term memory holds limited amount information read numbers looking write numbers proper order able repeat numbers order average short term memory george miller demonstrated variety ways found effect consistent referred magic number short term memories differ generally range units miller summarized capacity minus deal vast amounts information passing short term memory pay attention units
visualize familiar scene place objects russian psychologist street purpose frequently mental walk street gorky street moscow beginning square slowly distributing images houses gates store windows recall list walk picking objects left tricks rhymes difficult material easier remember thirty days hath september enables remember days months similarly remember colors spectrum read chapter recalling keys recent research demonstrated memory active process previously thought memories record fail record information actively change information distort subtract interestingly add noted beginning chapter remember word sleep list twenty words sleep list reason remembered items bed sleep memories construct story try sense list remember necessarily constructive memory plays role understanding misunderstanding social situations situation extremely familiar behavior event occurs times develop called relating situation mean group expectations pieces knowledge situation
language complex human achievements rules grammar language intricate trained linguists deal difficulty stating clearly person exposed language birth masters express understand virtually message speaks perfectly grammatically basic rules known errors rarely interfere comprehension mechanisms mastery achieved views language acquisition children learn language learn tie shoes eat fork multiply numbers learning view exemplified skinner assumes normal principles learning account development language cognitive view advanced ability language qualitatively skills according theorists language demands high level intellectual complexity organization learning principles account language acquisition argue capacity master language built human system language depth perception stems innate cognitive structure child exposed language order develop child inherent intellectual capacity prerequisite development language reflection innate intellectual organization fierce arguments opposing camps positions complementary contradictory eventual answer language acquired involve learning innate characteristics children born vocabulary knowledge grammatical rules
psychologists william james carl lange independently proposed explanation emotions runs directly counter intuitions essence feel emotions aware bodily reactions physiological response precedes emotional experience walking street suddenly held gun react variety physical symptoms stomach tighten heart beat faster awareness physiological responses experience fear imagine decided run attacker according james lange theory experience fear running running afraid modern research physiology brain lends support james lange idea physiological reaction emotion obvious difficulty original statement theory absolutely essential emotional specific physiological reaction connected order afraid bodily able distinguish bodily goes fear goes anger surprise sorrow emotion clear plausible careful studies physiological responses emotions humans discovered small inconsistent differences ax reported small differences fear anger emotions studied sophisticated recording equipment measured larger number physiological responses
accurately tell expression feeling anger disgust fear surprise love sadness tend believe experts kind judgment research accurate hope research issue generally involved photographing face tries portray emotions asking subjects identify emotion expressed picture findings research mixed studies judgments chance guilford sherman shown high degree accuracy thompson result emerged consistently research clearly recognize emotion identify classes emotions group emotions classes judging facial expressions confuse emotions fall class seldom mix emotions classes love confused determination surprise test observation arranged groups emotions circle fig groups closer similar likely confused found supported contention thompson emotion likely mistaken group scale point group contempt likely confused anger disgust likely mistaken fear surprise basic problems research decide correct answer actor asked portray expression
rough distinction light sleep deep sleep research distinguish stages sleep neural activity measured attaching electrodes head recording electrical impulses brain record called electroencephalogram eeg chapter means technique shown neural activity stage stage sleep dement fig stages small rapid waves waves slower stage stage large slow delta waves speed size waves activity clearly going stage stage progress stage stage body reactive external noises williams telephone ringing entering room produce reaction stage stages measures bodily activity suggest organism slowed deeper stages snyder al finally conclusively individual harder awaken stage stage measures stages sleep range light deep story fascinating discovery research sleep stage unique phenomenon occurs noticed times individual stage series dramatic occur
fascinating application psychology legal system involves selection juries criminal trial side allowed challenge juries feel unfair prejudiced challenges based means clear reason believe individual biased side extreme related knew defendant personally similarly defendant charged robbing bank employees stockholders bank excused automatically addition knows case holds opinions clearly favorable side hates banks reason mind interesting situation arises obvious lawyer thinks individual case side allowed number called peremptory challenges excuse giving decisions lawyer typically intuition hunches important skill trial lawyer ability select jury recently number social scientists al techniques drawn psychology sociology provide rigorous evidence select jurors relying intuition richard christie gather information sample living area trial held survey finds attitudes trial relates demographic characteristics age sex race religion
concept intelligence measurement iq play important role lives children score high intelligence tests grade school put advanced classes score low put classes slow students supposed high iq treated differently teachers parents children countries england france performance aptitude tests determines allowed college country scores sat major factor admitted school medical law aptitude tests merely specialized forms intelligence tests graduate record examinations large extent determine student professional graduate school intelligence aptitude tests important essential understand measure need answer major questions reliable tests valid fair groups strongest aspect intelligence tests reliable taking test times space weeks months achieve approximately score similarly correlate highly total scores alternate forms test iq standard test stanford consistent produced wechsler correlations wechsler
slightly direct type test asks straightforward questions relationship questions personality traits clear person taking test widely test personality minnesota personality inventory includes hundreds items shown fig questions direct difficult supposed measuring person likely conceal correct answer test attempt give general picture personality assessment mental social adjustment measuring specific personality characteristics direct tests advantage asking person taking test knows asked interested aggressiveness ask fighting general aggressiveness want sexually active ask sexual activity questions straightforward point taking test cooperative want tell tests efficient highly reliable means finding qualities measured willing talk openly tests suffer concealing true natures discuss later direct tests proven measures anxiety widely social psychologists assess feelings moment political attitudes characteristics tend hidden major difficulty direct tests willing able give honest answers direct questions
widely believed groups tend conservative individuals bureaucratic decisions arrived group consensus thought moderate innovative risky decisions single executive truth belief necessity reaching compromise solution acceptable group strong evidence fact studies demonstrated groups produce called risky shift group individuals favorable riskier decisions faced choice course action chance working fairly small payoff small chance working big payoff dig wildcat oil small chance making fortune develop established area chance striking oil making money college senior selecting graduate school pick school high standards chances getting degree small low standards finishes case choice safe alternative riskier studies dion baron miller compared individuals groups terms decisions appears kinds material kinds subjects group produces riskier choices individuals groups conservative shifts risky conservative occur
kind study individual cities areas high density produce crime mental disturbance low density honolulu chicago york exception honolulu consistent relationship density crime schmitt research found substantial relationships density crime mental disturbance galle mcpherson freedman levy high density areas poorest areas average income equated density shown effect words poverty areas density affects rate crime impressive studies actually interviewed large numbers homes assess effect crowding physical mental health mitchell conducted study hong kong range densities spacious homes cramped quarters twenty square feet person note standard single bed takes twenty square feet mitchell found crowding effect health space nervous tense plenty space space children tended spend home negative effects similar project conducted toronto booth collected wide variety measures physical mental health related crowding home neighborhood found crowding consistent effects measure health broad scale correlational studies chapter kind real population density major factor producing pathology
difficult impossible directly large number separate bits data iq scores thirty table list general idea high variation form general impression statistics describe data simple statements give precise mathematically accurate summary found major characteristics set data distribution scores average variability let discuss turn convenient describing number scores group similar scores means frequency distribution consists graph showing instances score groups scores full set scores divide iq scores ten groups representing interval points iq test intervals ranging low end high end simply count scores fall interval record shown fig common pattern scores frequency distribution symmetrical bell shape scores middle characteristics discuss later called normal distribution natural events highest temperatures recorded march hundred height american males scores iq tests physical psychological characteristic fall normal distribution
field psychology believe psychologist expert figuring emotional difficulties detecting hidden personality quirks fact psychologists focus kinds issues psychology extremely diverse field involving types engaged forms study diversity theme text want introduce full range activities included heading psychology sciences psychology divided dozens fairly distinct fields psychologists devote entire careers study human memory study emotional development focus impact groups individuals course number areas fair say individuals longer try general psychologists train specialized types psychologists introduced gathering social psychologists clinical psychologists developmental psychologists reason divisions psychology enormous amount psychological knowledge master psychology longer area psychologists specialize experts narrow band interests fifty hundred ago general psychologist comprehend psychology longer short thinking psychologist realize beginning need concentrate type psychology
cognitive point view internal mental states interest scholars fact cognitive trend including introspection watson originally attacked launched behaviorism introspection early doomed tool cognitive approach decades behaviorism reigned supreme cognitive approach surged refined research methods deflate behaviorist objections study mind experimental techniques developed cognitive psychologists explore unanswered questions fields developmental abnormal psychology learning perception fair say cognitive point view fastest growing approaches psychology today sigmund freud founder psychoanalysis known field psychology psychodynamic approach outlined chapter popular enormous influence psychology freud approach based idea behavior reflects interplay dynamic conflicting unconscious drives specifically believed personalities basic components strong primitive biologically determined urges left uncontrolled destroy aspect personality called id freud singled sexual aggressive drives crucial lives part personality ego tries satisfy basic urges harmed ego concerned safety regard society needs conscience sense wrong called superego freud
system difficult grasp core brain stem system begins hindbrain extends midbrain sends fibers forebrain ras tangled mass fibers looks crisscrossed viewed microscope primary function ras regulate levels arousal attention ranging sleep states high alertness sense think ras responsible turning incoming stimuli sleep night turning stimuli morning wake electrical stimulation ras sleeping animal awaken waking animal alert destruction parts ras permanent unconsciousness forebrain consists number vital structures including thalamus hypothalamus limbic system cerebrum outer layer cerebral cortex figures forebrain symmetrical entire brain spinal cord cerebral hemispheres deal structure order pointed differentiation species level cerebrum cerebrum virtually nonexistent lower vertebrates fish tissue recognized cerebrum move lower vertebrates human primarily cerebral growth accounts change brain weight compared body weight human brain pound body weight animal human brain neurons located cerebrum
pcp known angel dust difficult drug classify feel clearly resembles hallucinogens occasionally produce visions visual distortions lsd pcp effects low doses induce becalmed pleasant higher doses lead disrupted motor activity violence panic psychotic behavior weeks chronic depression death smith pcp sold legally animal tranquilizer fine calming rhinoceros humans appears dangerous drug physical effects smoking marijuana cannabis simple describe drug active ingredient tetrahydrocannabinol thc pulse rate dryness mouth reddens eyes simple effects marked physical observed psychological effects marijuana easily listed patton readers text drug formed ideas effects enjoy drug smoked stronger marijuana reports marijuana experience bound vary widely users marijuana say drug produces sense excitement relaxation happiness report reaction negative feelings anxiety depression sensory experiences enhanced food taste music added dimensions visual stimulation intensified pass slowly sexual activity enhanced user smoked drowsy attentive find difficult read carry conversation
psychologists defined closely related types instrumental conditioning houston reward training subject rewarded making response discussed examples common variety conditioning including rats pressing levers food going paychecks reward training labeled verbal conditioning typical experiment subject invited say words aloud mind experimenter murmurs um hum subtle form reward subject produces type word plural noun experimenter carefully rewards plural nouns subjects produce supposedly spontaneous talking aloud psychologists feel reward effect subject realizes experimenter rewarding types words presented data suggest verbal conditioning occur subject totally unaware experimenter kennedy want try procedure friend awareness plays role verbal conditioning reward training response rewarded occurs avoidance training animal punished fails response punishment mean presentation unpleasant stimulation shock painful stimulus apparatus depicted figure demonstrate avoidance conditioning rat white side barrier animal white side designated seconds shocked
psychologists reinforcement learning occur student learn write occasional encouragement everyday activity maintained reinforcement patterns reinforcement affect rate perform turns patterns reinforcement effects performance number patterns reinforcement imagine unlimited skinner williams basic patterns received attention schedules examine fixed interval schedule subject reinforced response fixed interval elapsed set skinner box deliver food pellet minutes elapsed rat press bar wants matter times responds won receive food minutes end makes response animal wait minutes response reinforced act situation bang lever furiously likely soon discover arrangement refrain responding estimated interval end reason respond end interval approached begin respond actually received reward pause strategy adopted typical white rat figure animal fixed interval schedule display effect
biofeedback training limited conditioning heart rate blood pressure electrical activity brain skin temperature salivation vomiting tension headaches affected biofeedback techniques rare conditions disease controlled biofeedback keefe suffering disease experience painful spasms cut blood flow toes fingers spasm ends blood rushes digits causing pain patients taught biofeedback procedures raise skin temperature helps lessen frequency intensity attacks biofeedback training turn important application instrumental reward conditioning laboratory present topic extremely controversial subject heavy criticism important investigators field skeptical results miller thing expect flood biofeedback studies future learn control alter internal responses biofeedback training major tool medicine final ways instrumental conditioning influenced laboratory consider teaching machines computer assisted instruction teach rats pigeons complex responses laboratory manipulating patterns stimuli responses reinforcements sort things classrooms skinner believed skinner skinner opinion present classroom teaching procedures inadequate adams summarized inadequacies classroom procedures based punishment student correct response order avoid punishment sort low grade
part search concerns section brain registers hunger stimuli translates information action area brain hunger hypothalamus small structure located base brain figure chapter area thought control center hunger eating view role hypothalamus encouraged electrical stimulation studies extremely fine electrode brain living animal electrically stimulating specific areas hypothalamus investigators able increase decrease eating behavior specifically stimulation lateral hypothalamus increases eating behavior stimulation ventromedial hypothalamus inhibits eating support involvement hypothalamus hunger comes lesion studies areas brains living rats destroyed stimulated lateral hypothalamus destroyed rat eats ventromedial hypothalamus destroyed rat eats excessively enormously fat short lateral hypothalamus start center ventromedial portion appears stop center agrees simple convenient conception growing number investigators suggesting clear picture role brain hunger marshall turner external internal stimuli affect eating behavior noted earlier experience seeing smelling delicious foods eating feel hungry experiment demonstrates power external stimuli
blame frustrations external events objects frustration springs personal limitations unrealistic expectations accomplish mental physical equipment sufficient attain goals desire students encouraged parents attend college frustrated inability earn grades high school goal professional basketball player thwarted foot inch physique woman wants concert pianist tone deaf experience frustration short plenty obstacles ready waiting condition frustration bound common lives emphasize point look major source frustration conflict conflict important source frustration received considerable attention literature deal detail conflicts result unpleasant emotions anxiety guilt fear shame conflicts tend involve motive blockage frequently lead sense frustration inclusion discussion point suppose study need desperate stalling exam tomorrow clear decks unplug phone open books knock door open discover friends want movie experience conflict conflict refers situations incompatible motives aroused satisfaction motive leads denial
research strategy study group research design called longitudinal research age group shows steady performance improved performance decline find indication decline intellectual performance entire range adult tasks demand speed response problems requiring speed fairly steady moderate decline performance adult exceptions general conclusion loss intellectual skill person severe cardiovascular disease age likely lose cognitive capacity older suffer disorder larger portion older population shows cognitive loss adults social intellectual stimulation show loss cognitive abilities adults remain intellectually curious active remain physically healthy continue minds show intellectual vigor nice prospect reading talking exercising look table erikson proposes separate tasks dilemmas adulthood occurs early describes intimacy versus isolation erikson emphasizes genuine intimacy requires give sense separateness individual firm identity unable sustain real intimacy sense isolation result society young marry form kind semipermanent relationship phase
simplest level true society set pattern occur combine create crisis couple married children early children leaving home adults reached early requires adaptation marital relationship evidence period satisfaction couples rollins feldman figure change career top age promotions offing real additional improvement status salary data department labor suggest job satisfaction generally rises steadily teens til retirement pause trend fifty satisfied jobs aging parents stage require financial help greater psychological support olds middle children parents needing support older study reuben hill shows fact adults bear largest financial emotional burden period finally realization physical decline inevitability death elliot argues major component mid crisis adult finds harder shedding extra ten pounds breath walking stairs remember telephone number friend generally feels physically aging
freud saw human personality composed basic elements id ego superego discuss element turn part personality raw primitive inherited passions desires called id freud believed important primitive drives sexual aggressive impulses id reservoir psychological energy id operates according pleasure principle means id wants raw passions gratified part personality want delay gratification delay interest gimme gimme gimme freud describes id impulses unconscious drives aware moment sit reading text reservoir strong conflicting sexual aggressive demands according freud id demand gratification impulses matter problems actions instance urging kick big guy id seek gratification wish fulfillment forming mental images hallucinations objects acts satisfy demands person burning thirst imagine oasis cool clear water daydream ordered big guy meekly obeyed dreams saw chapter represent wish fulfillment freud describes dreams disguised images objects events gratify id impulses attempts satisfy id impulses gratification direct action wish fulfillment represent freud called primary processes
steve salesman sought help alcoholism threatening job family started drinking heavily college amount steadily increasing past drinking vodka wants stop knows referred private alcoholism treatment hospital drying begins behavioral treatment regimen includes chemical aversion therapy assertion training relaxation training drying detoxification process requires days valium decreasing doses avoid alcohol withdrawal symptoms common medical practice detoxification phase treatment detoxification series chemical aversion sessions chemical aversion therapy involves receiving orally injection nauseating effects drug paired taste smell alcohol end treatment taste alcohol makes throw exactly supposed happen days aversion therapy receives training assertiveness refuse drinks polite firm manner relaxation substitute drinking focus assertion training psychoanalytic flavor difficulty refusing drink peer offers superior say older male relative supervisor offers drink feels intimidated careful interviewing reveals reaction reflects intense reactions child father domineering threatening
fallen love dozens times mean say re love decide love merely liking try answer question lot start talking feelings heightened awareness heightened arousal special person walks room hear special voice phone heart beats faster feel sinking sensation pit stomach skin flush love recall discussion theories emotion chapter realize theorist believes arousal love stanley argues experience noticeable body states arousal try find logical explanation attribution theory terms try attribute aroused feelings dispositional situational re woods hunting feel heart beating faster adrenalin pumping big bear view re likely attribute arousal situational call fear excitement feel kind arousal candlelight dinner attractive person likely attribute arousal internal dispositional call love research singer support view initial labeling feeling person love depend part setting surely love psychologists including rubin argue love involves commitment sharing feelings altruism nurturance
important factor crowding epstein points person feels control situation fulfill needs needs include things eat quiet space study contact effect demonstrated strikingly mitchell study families hong kong study lived high rise buildings square foot apartments shared unrelated families shared small space despite high density mitchell found impact crowding emotional health occupants unrelated families share apartment upper floor sixth crowding stressful effect higher building makes harder escape crowd harder send children play track condition control lives contend complexities family small space control crowding begins hurt effect sense control study hit closer home baum davis studied dormitory designs college corridor design figure residents shared connecting corridor group lounge area short corridor design residents shared corridor lounge area intervention design baum davis persuaded college experiment divide corridor units putting doors hall converting rooms lounge areas
days american written savage disappointment sort motivation bound suffer occupations mentioned moving pathos fate personnel human realities strike fight side savagely drawn battle lines public relations discover expected put experts field called engineering consent community agencies begin brutal education politics real estate speculation concern innocence image sociologist image inaccurate misleading course true boy scout types sociologists true benevolent interest biographical starting point sociological studies important point malevolent outlook serve sociological insights valuable concerned action society action need humanitarian american sociologists today employed governmental agencies seeking plan livable communities nation american sociologists employed governmental agencies concerned wiping communities hostile nations map necessity arise moral implications respective activities reason interesting sociological studies carried similarly criminology special field sociology uncovered valuable information processes crime modern society
say sociologist invite game person intensively endlessly shamelessly interested doings natural habitat human gatherings places sociologist interested things consuming interest remains institutions history passions interested altogether tedious naturally interested events engage ultimate beliefs moments tragedy grandeur ecstasy fascinated commonplace everyday reverence reverence prevent wanting understand feel revulsion contempt deter wanting questions answered sociologist quest understanding moves respect usual lines demarcation nobility degradation power obscurity intelligence folly equally interesting unequal personal values tastes questions lead levels society known places respected despised sociologist find places questions possession choice seek answers say things lower key say sociologist grace academic title listen gossip despite tempted look keyholes read mail open closed cabinets
clear point problems interest sociologist necessarily call problems public officials newspapers alas college textbooks sociology speak social problems serves obscure fact commonly speak social problem society supposed according official interpretations expect sociologist study problem defined solution care matter satisfaction important sort expectation understand sociological problem social problem sense naive concentrate crime problem law enforcement agencies define divorce problem moralists marriage clearly problem foreman efficiently line officer troops charge enemy enthusiastically need problematic sociologist leaving consideration moment probable fact sociologist asked study problems employed corporation army sociological problem understanding goes terms social interaction sociological problem things wrong viewpoint authorities management social scene system works place presuppositions means held fundamental sociological problem crime law divorce marriage racial discrimination racially defined stratification revolution government
underlying democracy individual dignity human beings virtue existence entitled liberty property natural law moral tenet guarantees person liberty property natural law morally superior human law john locke english political philosopher writings influenced america founding elites argued nature governments individual possesses inalienable rights liberty property locke meant rights independent government governments give individuals government legitimately locke believed government purpose protect individual liberty form social contract establishing government help protect rights tacitly agree accept government activity protect liberty property implicit social contract democratic notion freedom belief government activity social control individual minimal belief calls removing external restrictions controls regulations individual violate freedom citizens government formed consent governed protect individual liberty follows government violate rights established protect authority limited locke ultimate weapon protect individual dignity abuse government revolution according locke governments violate natural rights governed forfeit authority social contract vital aspect classic democracy belief equality declaration independence states created equal
fifty met summer establish national government quickly chose george washington prestigious member prestigious continent preside assembly quickly convention decided hold sessions closed doors proceedings carefully guarded secret delegates adhered closely decision informed close friends relatives nature discussions apparently founding fathers aware elites effective negotiation compromise decision making operating secrecy convention quick discard congressional mandate revise articles confederation hesitation proceeded write entirely constitution confident powers abilities principle property proceed bold fashion let examine characteristics nation elite closely overestimate prestige george washington commander chief successful revolutionary army founder nation overwhelming charismatic appeal elites masses preeminent soldier statesman founder nation richest united states despite spent revolutionary refused payment services paid soldiers fortune addition large estate potomac possessed thousands acres undeveloped land western virginia maryland pennsylvania kentucky northwest territory owned major shares potomac company james river company bank columbia bank alexandria
remaining powers article deal military affairs raising supporting armies organizing training calling militia declaring war suppressing insurrections repelling invasions powers article provisions article ii making president commander chief army navy militia called federal service giving president power treaties advice consent senate send receive ambassadors combined centralize diplomatic military affairs national level article section confirms centralization diplomatic military power prohibiting states entering treaties foreign nations maintaining ships war engaging war actually invaded clearly founding fathers confidence militia control general washington painful experiences militia revolutionary war fresh memory militia proven adequate defending states invasion employed states disaster western settlers protected indians british persuaded give forts ohio open westward expansion national government rely militia army similarly strong navy essential protection american commerce seas significant naval action government piracy barbary states national army navy protection invasion national government continued rely primarily militia purpose protection promotion government commercial territorial ambitions
today requirements technology planning greatly increased industry need specialized talent organizational skill corporations supply capital approximately fifths industrial capital comes retained earnings corporations borrowed chiefly banks remaining comes investments investments large insurance companies mutual funds pension trusts individual investors individual capitalist investor longer essential capital accumulation longer dominant position american capital administered expended primarily managers large corporations financial institutions power american economy shifted capital organized intelligence reasonably expect deployment power society large reflect similar shift theoretically stockholders ultimate power management fact individual stockholders seldom control activities corporations corporation managers select management slates board directors stockholders automatically approve occasionally banks financial institutions pension trust mutual fund managers replace management selected board directors banks trust funds sell stock corporations management distrust voting power stock replace management generally banks trust funds vote stock management slate inaction institutional investors directors managements corporations essentially appoint increasingly unchallengeable policy freezes absolute power corporate managements corporations banks insurance companies mutual funds investment companies pension trusts capital america course profit motive important corporate managers profits basis capital formation corporation
cowboys money acquired wealth post war ii era erratic growth expansion wealth power independent oil natural gas exploration development real estate operations population boom areas running southern california arizona texas south florida aerospace defense contracting allied businesses cases commercial inventions contrast yankees fortunes grown corporate financial institutions established nineteenth century yankees generation descendants entrepreneurial families industrial revolution rockefellers fords kennedys harrimans yankees recruited established corporate institutions wall street washington law firms eastern banking investment firms prestigious foundations ivy league universities cowboys fully share liberal public regarding values dominant eastern establishment exercise power proportional overwhelming hegemony established yankees cowboys gained influence recent petty political fighting reported today press roots cowboy yankee factionalism liberal establishment remains dominant cowboys yankees agree overriding importance preserving political stability healthy free enterprise economy cowboys acquired wealth power intense competitive struggle continues shape outlook upward mobility individualism competitive spirit influence view society perceive elite responsibilities contrast yankees inherit wealth attach established institutions wealth power prestige
generally lurking beneath elites legitimate agenda radical agenda known appeals masses label radical influence american history political ancestors centuries nothings nineteenth century opposed immigration catholicism turn century populists led william jennings bryan opposed forms social liberalism especially teaching evolution george wallace popularity decade ago taxpayers revolt late today mass movement proposed champions variety unlike mass movements past adherents institutionally powerful positions senator jesse helms senator jeremiah alabama consistently sought move agenda mainstream elite politics vigorously pursues goals constitutional amendment allowing prayers schools constitutional amendment prohibiting abortion legislation prohibiting busing achieve racial balance schools movement characterizes goals social agenda believe ronald reagan election boost leaders richard national conservative political action committee jerry moral majority enthusiastically supported reagan presidency expected substantial executive support agenda affluent educated portions population provided mass support disadvantage saw existence symbolically sympathetic president powerful allies senate valuable opportunity agenda disparity goals caused lose momentum
carter image shifted ford remained essentially unchanged ford sought major theme carter ironically miller suggests carter lost campaign public perception carter position matched perception september carter moved left ford moved careful analysis reveals voters overlooked disparity conservatism carter liberalism illustrating wisdom carter decision blur issues voters carter ideological commonality democrats voted mcgovern republicans contrast identified ideologically ford democrats defected nixon substantially closer ford ideologically voted carter entire campaign appeared center personal characteristics unlike single set polarizing issues emerged vietnam war protests distant memory carter implored voters trust projected image person ability intriguing style colorful personality voters adjectives bright intelligent colorful interesting ford person average abilities predictable candidate ratings favored carter regarded won personality forty percent gave highly favorable rating compared percent ford significantly ford rating remained unchanged carter improved substantially percent march ford enjoyed advantage compatible ideologically supporters regarded equally trustworthy dull
strong relationship exists deprivation political violence conventional political participation loses meaning violence device communicate intense dissatisfaction black ghetto rioters vagrants criminals residents cities fact cited intellectually oriented politically sophisticated black community rioters substantial support blacks participate directly riots post riot survey information roughly percent blacks watts area los participated actively riot half residents supported activities rioters interviewers found percent watts residents felt run effects riots favorable percent riots whites aware black problems percent riot protest blacks political scientists consider rioting political violence political participation wish political violence atypical temporary aberration actually american political system stable assume whites regard system legitimate substantial proportion blacks believe provided adequate rewards conventional political participation middle upper class whites tend view american system government extremely satisfactory find difficult understand minority group communicates dissatisfaction violently hierarchy political involvement excludes violence hierarchy participation apply behavior designed disrupt normal operation democratic political processes violence continuing threat political system sure form political participation criminal
democrats receive money republicans corporate half democratic funds corporations traditionally democrats turned big labor support notably committee political education cope afl cio larger international unions united auto workers steel workers liberal democrats received support upper class liberal chronic democratic campaign deficits stimulus campaign reform especially democrats overwhelmingly controlled houses congress close presidential election approaching congress passed comprehensive campaign spending law created presidential election campaign fund voluntary dollar person check individual income taxes established federal election commission members selected house senate president oversee federal election spending election commission campaign monies fund candidates primaries raise twenty states democratic republican parties national conventions republican democratic candidates general election law limits individual contributions election organizational contributions candidates report contributions federal election commission supreme court modified provisions declaring exercise amendment rights individual spend unlimited personal wealth election campaign exercise amendment rights person spend amount personal wealth advertise political views independent expenditures tied directly political campaign legal limits apply campaign spending law modified supreme court reduces role large financial angels permits wealthy spend large amounts campaigns keeping direct exercise political power control parties hands elites
power bureaucracies grows advances technology increases size complexity society large complex technological societies governed single president congress members lack expertise energy look myriad details involved nuclear power environmental protection occupational safety communications aviation trucking fair employment hundreds aspects american president congress create bureaucracies money authorize draw detailed rules regulations guidelines govern bureaucracies receive vague general directions president congress actual governance hands nuclear regulatory commission environmental protection agency occupational health safety administration federal communications commission federal aviation administration interstate commerce commission equal employment opportunity commission hundreds similar bureaucratic agencies approximately thousand federal government agencies rule making powers estimate suggests bureaucracies announce twenty rules regulations law congress power policy passed president congress bureaucratic elite policy making shifted bureaucracy standard explanation congress president energy expertise handle details policy making related explanation increasing complexity sophistication technology require technical experts actually carry intent congress president single bureaucrat master complex activities single large government agency budgeting purchasing personnel accounting planning communication organization complexities nuclear plants energy transmission internal revenue tax code computerized social security files
shift policy affirmative action goals timetables bureaucratic decision congress amend civil rights act require affirmative action courts interpret act require affirmative action contrary major threat bureaucratic power field courts regents university california bakke supreme court struck special affirmative action admissions program minorities medical school grounds excluded white applicant race violated constitutional rights fourteenth amendment equal protection clause allan bakke applied medical school university california davis consecutive rejected black applicants significantly lower grade point averages medical aptitude test scores obtained admission special program reserved sixteen minority places class hundred university california acted guidance office education implementing affirmative action guidelines university argued racial classification benign discriminatory designed assist disadvantaged groups hinder supreme court held objective legitimate school consider race reviewing applications violating equal protection clause court held separate admissions program minorities quota openings unavailable white applicants violates equal protection clause court ordered bakke admitted medical school required school eliminate special admissions program recommended university consider affirmative action program recognized racial ethnic background evaluation applicants set numerical quotas exclude person competing positions
ultimate congressional members fail ears ground home legislators course subscribe popular theory representative government summarized charles jones election period accounting representative instructed defeated warned encouraged actually accounting takes place incumbents rarely lose accept standard theory election americans ecstatic performance congress roughly percent senators seek reelection win whopping percent house members seek reelection win table looks congress constituents perspective popular support congress diminishing criticism increasing voters want throw rascals clearly electorate routinely return incumbents seats general postwar trend greater safety incumbents findings surprising electorate marked inability identify representatives congress imagine voters identify challenger familiarity absence knowledge issues powerful advantage average voters vaguely aware incumbents likely perceive favorably vote additionally incumbents likely effective political organization stable network communication local elites assiduous incumbents privilege mailing polls information public events call news conferences address organizational meetings general visible minimum expense
reagan clear lead survey research center survey percent favored reagan percent preferred carter women split evenly percent reagan percent carter reagan greater popularity women gap split women vote diluted arguments real gender gap despite divided vote feminist organizations membership jumped substantially reagan office organized groups prosper face clear threat enemy reagan proved threat continued opposition era amendment subsequent defeat swelled feminist ranks women opposition reagan continued administration surveys consistently showed popular women women positions issues reveal major gender gap expected surveys election showed ideology women damaging republicans economic philosophy mixed modest leanings philosophical positions democrats women likely want reduced government spending positions indistinguishable slightly pro republican economic issues inflation tax reduction table pre assumptions women supportive militant foreign policy vietnam war female hostility force especially clear sociologists explained women greater biology women bear reluctant support threatening policies socialization cultural social institutions encourage girls passive boys assumed women fairly entrenched
american political system highest standards living highest standard equitable distributions incomes equitable stand democratic nations preserving symbols democracy frequent elections vigorous competition united states similar canada ireland switzerland austria japan costa rica actually party competition stronger voter participation active australia zealand denmark norway sweden united kingdom netherlands united states free nations elections accompanying minimum impact governmental decisions differences totalitarian political systems poorest equal freedom wealth relative equality mean live free partially free totalitarian society pay attention politics tell free countries extreme left continuum free countries put restrictions individual behavior occasionally irritated zoning laws establishing minimum floor space housing angry minor examples governmental coercion compulsory social security rarely need fear prosecution political beliefs call president idiot join communist party ku klux klan weathermen engage political violence face prosecution politics spectator sport rarely limits freedom say wish live wish marry wish spend money wish
dilemma american politics today differs faced founding fathers protect individuals majority rule democratic system excesses injustices mass majorities elite minorities masses antidemocratic reliable govern democratically despite superficial commitment symbols democracy attached ideals individual liberty toleration diversity freedoms expression dissent equality opportunity contrary elites likely values masses authoritarian intolerant intellectual alienated hateful violent mass politics extremist unstable unpredictable masses commit democratic rules game political action frequently rules engage violence mass politics frequently reflects alienation hostility masses concentrating scapegoats jews blacks catholics immigrants students intellectuals minority majority masses masses fatally vulnerable tyranny extremist movements reflecting authoritarianism alienation hostility prejudice likely grow masses elites hannah arendt writes literature mass behavior mass psychology demonstrated popularized wisdom familiar ancients affinity democracy dictatorship mob rule tyranny trust masses feeling power majority restrain dealing dissenting minorities tolerance diversity comes socialization authoritarianism masses unavoidable authoritarian childhood experiences family relationships limited education restricted cultural opportunities monotonous job experiences orientation gratification
snowy friday evening february chicago north side jose friends attending party neighborhood fight shattered blaring music excited chatter party violent words punches flew groups youths party jose friends told leave flurry words arriving minutes later nearby tavern youthful scuffles common united states friday saturday nights simple teenage fracas jose friends members puerto rican stones chicago street gang fight members latin eagles rival gang deadly events established clearly common assassination archduke ferdinand youthful scuffles occurring united states shortly jose friends settled tavern members latin eagles appeared challenged stones show faces jose charged smashed beer bottle head cruz latin eagle promptly knocked ground shot throat chest days hospital died alberto charged murder puerto rican stones latin eagles drew coming war latin kings agreed submerge differences stones joined eagles weeks later february youths members gang close ties eagles met young fast food outlet
recently chicago suburbs passed ordinances making parents responsible vandalism children parents warned offense fined jailed true ohio results promising complete discussion chapter parents sentenced contributing delinquency children specific thing lead children delinquency failed rear children conform laws social rules emotional problems root failure specific contribute act delinquency pointed helpless hopeless parents effects punishing parents harmful children mother imprisoned home broken children institutions foster homes left care typically released receives help reassembling children reestablishing home respect neighbors children declines older children crutch lean shifting responsibility conduct mother father imprisoned mother entire family supported relief agencies found judges accept idea punishment parents valid tend cases relax efforts arrange rehabilitation children family oppose punishment parents deny powerful influence parents development children personalities behavior blame delinquency
albert jr points weaknesses report surveys asking teenagers committed delinquent act report studies obscure differences committed considered case official data question committed delinquent act necessarily includes broader segment juvenile population incidence measures commit delinquent act necessarily blurs distinctions limited period higher percentage groups committed act committed act percentages approach inevitably similar report studies tend overemphasize minor status offenses rare child committed status offenses rare police officer arrested child single commission act finally report studies limited students high school survey age sixteen sophomore delinquents dropped school regularly truant unknown proportion delinquents missed absence important group restricts generalizations juvenile population sum report studies tend eliminate differences groups males females blacks whites focusing prevalence delinquency incidence focusing minor misbehavior delinquent acts missing significant proportion delinquents testing situation
contractual relations poor medium applying social controls episodic impersonal formal episodic character contractual relations means regularly participate partners formal impersonal style cultivate means relationships form superficial narrowly circumscribed deviant behavior pronounced contractual relationships detect suppress effectively impersonal manner punitive sanctions shame remorse emotional ties weak communities ineffective mobilizing applying informal social controls embryonic forms contractual relations tend reduce emotional social accessibility members groups groups hand encourage close lasting bonds members status relationships apply informal social controls quickly effectively needed societies organized entirely terms contractual relations stable families neighborhood groups found advanced societies societies effectiveness status groups considerably weakened virtue fact societies sponsor considerable mobility spirit individualism undermine intimacy solidarity status groups contractual relations easily formed dissolved encourage considerable fluidity personal relationships waxing waning market forces exert strong pressures members societies move farthest reaches market societies ceaseless movement inevitably disturbs stability status groups family community
folk communal societies formal delinquency terms definition offered chapter children misbehave typically concept adolescence special treatment juveniles violate sacred traditions group children misbehave regarded responsible parents adults deviant dealt larger kinship group clan young children corrected family young initiated adulthood punished clan members midway childhood adulthood treated early america concept adolescence colonial period children remained home authority parents parents died retired turned family farm generation alternatively left parents sought apprenticeship independent ages children dependent parents adulthood independent shortly puberty ambiguity status age status family determined treated modern era isolated rural communities show similar pattern indian folk villages rural mexico delinquency children closely supervised parents disobedience punished severely adult consists infrequent assaults triggered political conflicts romantic liaisons extreme cases result banishment community juvenile delinquency remote mexican villages
urban bureaucratic societies picture substantially changed impact mass education teenagers age brought variety cliques clubs gangs form naturally continue generations waves teenagers pass groups establish heritage incidents personalities vitality current membership social cultural significance community considerable groups recognized widely delinquent pursue forms delinquent behavior include types indulgence underage drinking pot smoking sexual activity frankly delinquent groups considerable level violence validation territorial defense practiced violent heritage delinquent gangs lends authority claims membership meaning social political position community violent gangs largely confined city ghettos delinquent cliques clubs scattered widely american high schools partake indulgent independent ethos found city working class middle class adolescents common today true nineteenth century mild delinquency distributed widely hundred ago nearly common females middle class adolescents lower class males remedies type delinquency contrast sharply lower class boy isolated formal urban institutions needs working class style economic skills adapt urban commercial society
factor help explain high level violent behavior black youths southern origins black migrations brought variant southern lower class culture northern cities culture violent segment american society surprise blacks moving northern cities exhibit high degree violent behavior support thesis study green crime michigan found examining crime patterns whites blacks members races born michigan south arrest rates index crimes approximately double michigan born individuals place birth occupation controlled comparing whites blacks born michigan held similar occupations green found racial differences criminality disappeared concluded groupings persons homogenous respect occupation nativity consistent trend racial difference arrest rates whites blacks comparable social economic situations arrested crimes similar rates fact disproportionate number blacks arrested crimes explained fact whites class tend occupy higher stable positions american communities blacks fact percentage blacks total number declined table reflect degree improving position blacks american society alternative explanation high proportion blacks crimes consider position blacks society examines policies police treating blacks offenders subject discussed fully chapter
neglecting mothers likely adult criminal sons nearly fourths neglecting mothers fell group figure shows half passive absent cruel mothers criminal sons mothers likely noncriminal criminal sons record loving mothers especially significant kind love vast difference loving neurotic mothers cruel mothers criminal sons expected loving normal mothers record group fourth criminal sons sons referred included study project mothers criminal son doubt sons exemplary behavior assume attitude sons later criminals differed attitude conforming sons study suggests emotional conflict minds boys especially delinquent boys thirds delinquents percent closely attached mothers percent delinquents percent felt mothers deeply concerned welfare trouble provide training discipline percent felt parents meaning provide helpful training percent felt mothers concerned selfish prejudiced rejecting delinquent boys emotional attachment mother conflict feeling deeply concerned welfare conflict greater delinquent boys
term applied gangs calculated activities physical fighting gangs fights sporadic spontaneous occur boys difference opinion small slight individual fights occur members gang boys gang members conflict necessarily serve purpose gangs chapter describes continuing conflict rival gangs skirmishes place full scale encounters planned advance clandestine messages gang attacked arrangements place weapons fighting potential activity fighting gangs tend organized war counselors appointed members store needed distribute weapons range clubs guns fights serve utilitarian purpose maintain values important gang maintenance territory turf gang holds free interference competing gangs intangible demonstrate courage heart reputation daring occasions fights somethings contrived order possession values gang defends turf successfully higher status defeated gang regarded fear admiration nearby gangs territory receives admiration young boys aspire members younger auxiliary groups high degree disorganization lack adult institutional control condition development gangs violate tranquility community
according tufts initially hope largely realized delinquency declined communities area projects established neighborhood completed paroles institution chicago area projects reinforced social structure community improved ability influence behavior members especially young martin points communities disorganized fashion chicago neighborhoods area projects beneficial effect communities stable ethnic working class communities exhibit social disintegration city lower class neighborhoods attempts bolster social integration fashion ill advised passed area projects faced problems political nationality racial groups sharing area unable compete control project mobility physical destruction organized neighborhoods highways slum clearance tended destroy unity carefully fostered older projects tended institutionalized indigenous leaders obtained professional education destroy intimacy contacts community residents older staff members lost zest innovative programs staff member institute juvenile research instrumental initiating area projects regards philosophy projects valid points specific techniques widely adopted question raised ways area projects superior settlement houses community centers boys clubs operated disorganized areas
childish misbehavior existed beginning human society juvenile justice adjudication deviant children formal legal process especially designed modern development nineteenth century misbehaving children dealt informally parents adjudicated criminal justice system adults took shape nineteenth twentieth centuries juvenile justice system represented sharp departure traditional ways dealing children misbehavior result free restrictions conventions limiting criminal justice system serving adults progressive character juvenile justice system consistently resulted justice improved services juveniles handles juvenile justice system able reconcile fully special needs juveniles partial dependence parents adults social guidance broad need definition highest ideals universalistic justice aim chapter examine origins juvenile justice early law england social conditions nineteenth century america early law applied juveniles gave distinctive stamp developing juvenile code smoothed coping problems dependent neglected children seriously confused attempt deal delinquent children struggling today confusion battle lines firmly drawn informed discussion ideological accusation rare chapter attempt clarify historical conditions juvenile justice system developed provide basis understanding situation today
supreme court rulings referred earlier established due process standards juveniles courts adhere recognized emphatically social service functions court uniqueness clientele juvenile court established forced recognize fact juveniles commit criminal acts deserve punishment community demands protection attempted reconcile fact equally persistent fact juveniles dependent adults support advice social orientation completely responsible actions juvenile court struggled twentieth century deal facts succeeded discrediting mandate act parent surrogate child today generally conceded treatment juveniles achieved sufficient success warrant broad constitutional rights juveniles fact minor juvenile offenders regularly suffered severe intervention hands court delinquents severe adults convicted similar infractions strengthen argument support socialized juvenile court found study juveniles calhoun county juvenile court michigan higher percentage status offenders detained prior hearing offense category percent status offenders detained percent percent felony offenders similarly detained discovered status offenders committed institution frequently offense category
committed child rejected community temporarily exiled parents despair urge judge commit child explicitly rejecting child tends look commitment form imprisonment enters institution hostile fearful frame mind children seriously deprived backgrounds soon learn institution offers food recreation protection hazards street offers haven dangers uncertainties communities initial period trial error children learn adjust institutional variety reasons accept close supervision school association delinquents express resistance number ways including running children committed training schools type individual personalities react ways institution regimen commented vast amount unrecorded delinquency chapter offense juvenile ultimately committed institution typically reflects small portion delinquent activity series offenses broke camel study juvenile committed texas training schools revealed percent boys percent girls formal court record prior misbehavior led commitment number reports give extensive information mental abilities children training schools boys training school kearney nebraska admitted tested boys july june
decline represents reluctance juvenile judges send seriously delinquent children training schools result delinquents diverted large scale institutions group homes foster homes independent placements living result training schools increasingly receiving children difficult treat rehabilitate growing uneasiness committed treating juveniles training schools society abandon hope rehabilitating children drift policy simply community return traditional policy custodial segregation emphasis treatment cruel abandonment juveniles institutions evidence suggests children training schools rehabilitated responsibility fulfill responsibility deny competent dental care inmates imply expensive lasting majority inmates deny seriously delinquent children care expensive difficult reach strategy considered seriously number places abandonment altogether custodial institutions juveniles chapter massachusetts experiment training schools delinquents closed discussed sweden britain careful thought closing important segments juvenile youthful offenders system direct solving problems posed juvenile institutions close
findings important run counter common expectations predict precise fashion future offenses previous offense specialization occur status minor offenders tended drop delinquency picture reached end juvenile delinquency age notion offenses increase seriousness succeeding upheld regardless initial offense boys likely involved violent crime later offense early typically offense likely minor offense juvenile commit offense regardless nature offense index offense committed likely theft violent crime later study reported percent sample original delinquent boys age adult crimes include status offenses covered index minor crimes inclusion adult study confirmed findings juvenile probable offense minor offense probable outcome offense index crimes appeared probable theft evidence specialization appeared authors concluded extended study juveniles adulthood supported closely findings wolfgang study examined behavior juveniles supporting evidence findings comes study charles thomas compared status felony offenders subjects juvenile delinquents court referrals portsmouth virginia beach virginia
earth occupies thin zone effectively meters deep planet surface atmosphere mixture gases forms envelope planet occupies bottom layer envelope atmosphere transitional medium zone sun space hand zone atmosphere vital regulator quantity quality solar radiation important medium redistribution heat earth surface fundamental field physical geography understanding flow light heat earth surface lower atmosphere important processes shape landscape wind rain plant growth glaciers driven energy order understand processes vary earth need examine nature energy sets motion let open discussion energy balance practical note energy extremely important word daily vocabulary crisis issue americans canadians europeans difficulty understanding technical aspects energy understand energy machines raise lower temperatures inside buildings short system realize rapidly developing appreciation concept called energy balance consuming energy taking actually machines heating systems consume energy change form readily atmosphere lost mechanical processing
atmospheric mixing related instability hundred meters ground common locales subtle pass unnoticed related variations surface heating arise differences surface materials exposure solar radiation land heats faster water clear summer days afternoon air temperature land higher adjacent water pressure unconfined air tends decrease heated air pressure land decreases water remaining high coastline pressure gradient develops induces onshore wind sea breeze shown diagram land cools evening pressure differential breeze subside atmosphere clear allowing heat escape rapidly land night temperatures pressure pattern actually reverse pressure differential small sufficient generate noticeable land breeze hours dark atmospheric mixing ground found areas rough terrain variations sun angle produce strong differences slope heating east west mountain valleys shadows envelop low exposure slope late afternoon result slope develop layer cool surface air owing high density slides downslope evening occupy valley bottom warmer air valley floor displaced upward settles cool air layer resultant temperature profile shown diagram upward valley floor reversed
process urbanization vividly expressed changing patterns land land cover change important energy balance implications locally reduced construction dark roofs streets urban surfaces combined comparable rural areas hand change urban land greatly influence latent heat flux hard surface materials asphalt concrete brick nearly eliminate natural flow soil air result ratio heat flux latent heat flux called bowen ratio increased significantly greater proportion energy converted heat ground level air temperatures cities higher neighboring countryside important land cover factor energy balance cities thermal properties hard surface materials due low volumetric heat capacities asphalt concrete roof materials temperatures tend rise rapidly reach higher level absorption radiation plant soil materials measurements rudolph geiger pioneer study showed early summer temperature asphalt double grass replaced coupled high bowen ratio dry materials asphalt understandable air hard surfaces tends heat rapidly fig verify remarkable difference heating hard surfaces vegetated soil surfaces touching say asphalt parking lot adjacent lawn sunny afternoon city walking sufficient detect difference
north south equatorial wet climatic regions areas zone high sun season subtropical high pressure cell low sun season areas wet season summer dry season winter temperatures warm extent poleward migration zone variable areas poleward boundaries climate type likely undergo substantial variations consequences agriculture tropical wet dry climate occupied savanna landscapes characterized scattered trees large expanses grass monsoon chapter consequence winter summer reversal airflow winters south asia dry summers consist series storms fig warm moisture laden air indian ocean subject convective forces blows land orographic forces encounters himalayan foothills monsoon type circulation occurs places produce distinct wet season dry season asia poleward tropical wet dry climatic regions areas dominated stable subtropical high pressure cells entire airflow downward outward rarely air masses moisture penetrate regions major deserts sahara rub al khali sonoran australian located regions cloud cover lowest earth solar radiation ground level highest fig temperatures high summer cool winter nights
important control infiltration capacity size interconnectedness spaces soil surface large spaces linked extensive networks spaces tend maximize infiltration builder sand castles knows coarse grained materials beach sand tend high infiltration capacities especially sand sorted uniform grain sizes fig conversely fine grained soils clay low infiltration capacities mm hour table representative infiltration values sand silt clay important set controls infiltration vegetation organisms reside soil burrowing creatures worms ad moles build passageways serve water entry routes soil roots stems plants loosen soil facilitating water penetration surface fact strongly supported data table soil infiltration capacity herb covered field permanent pasture ten times greater barren ground addition plant stems organic litter increase roughness soil surface turn decreases speed overland flow allowing infiltration place addition find bare soil physical impact rain drops compacts soil reduces infiltration capacity vegetation virtually eliminates effect figure illustrates influence vegetation infiltration capacities sloping surface soil textures rainfall intensity measure amount rain strikes ground minute hour intensity infiltration capacity sloping surface exceeded short water lost runoff
relative amount water contributed sources discussed depends sets factors set related characteristics drainage basin precipitation event characteristics drainage basin permanent transitory permanent characteristics change slowly factors soil type proportion area urbanized vegetation shape drainage basin nature stream channels transitory characteristics include amount soil moisture elevation water table important characteristics precipitation event rainfall intensity area coverage duration let examine discharge stream product precipitation soil water groundwater conditions rain occurred discharge exist derived groundwater flow circumstances slope water table level intersects stream channels determine stream discharge highly permeable materials sand height water table stream level correlate closely centimeters permeable channel material water table capillary fringe extend meter stream surface situation fluctuations water table produce fluctuations stream level measurements show rainless period stream decline progressively groundwater depleted elevation slope water table decrease reducing rate groundwater flow channel sketch fig portray situation dry period continues water table drop bottom stream channel
semiarid areas bordering grass cover prevalent organic buildup substantial adequate support grasses adequate promote strong leaching buildup bases especially calcium traditional scheme soils represented mainly chestnut brown prairie soils soils pronounced zones comprised colloids iron aluminum form humid climatic conditions sandy parent material strong horizon gray acidic traditional scheme thought moist versions develop tree covers bases leached replaced organic layer comparable rates characterized clay accumulations north america found midwest correspond partially gray brown partially prairie soils traditional classification southeastern canada correspond mainly gray brown soils advanced development positive moisture balance strong water surplus part effects leaching pronounced bases release soil aluminum abundant trees recycle nutrients responsible maintaining fertility upper soil red yellow traditional scheme advanced development owing term stability soil forming environment prolonged leaching induced heavy rainfall essentially reserve bases nutrients upper soil maintained vegetation rainforest savanna grasses woodland
survival plant depends proper supplies basic requirements photosynthesis respiration growth tolerance wide variety influences environment tolerance refers range stress disturbance plant able withstand damaging effects stress refers factors affect photosynthesis light heat water carbon dioxide minerals disturbance refers processes soil erosion extreme wind massive snow ice accumulations flooding disease human activities affect vegetation acting individually collectively forces representing stress disturbance act plants causing damage loss reproductive capacity death appreciate fully principle tolerance introduce important concepts tolerance variable phase phase cycle plants group group single species level disturbance stress produced environment measured instance amount soil moisture intensity flooding variable cycles plants involve phases phase combination growth requirements tolerances greatly phases plant withstand severe cold drought kill phase figure shows general phases cycle flowering plants begins mature plant induction leaves development sexual organs turn produce pollen dispersed wind insects flowers impregnated pollen form embryos mature seeds release plant seeds dispersed eventually deposited
commonly illustrations plant community structure succession pond lake shores water lilies shallow water gradually building peat catching silt sand root stalks muck gradually nears surface plants kind place shallower water gradually place water lilies cattails kind bulrushes nearer shoreline sedges cattails changed live grasses place things detail lake showing neat zonal arrangement orderly change succession presumed going wife collecting lichens mosses quickly found fine plants evident vertical cliffs colored lichens horizontal bands rock faces water level taught accurate actual figures measurements carefully measured heights zones level lake lake later seeing things describing trip field season discovered nearly previously vanished completely elapsed seen water level lake risen feet shown places careful measurements
order utilize geothermal energy find shallow source concentrated heat gain means transfer heat rapidly surface efficient natural means heat transfer provided groundwater seeps source area heated discharged surface cracks process developed groundwater access heat reservoir restricted ready release surface impermeable rock overlying produces pressure cooker condition tapped yield super heated steam drive turbines generating electrical power geothermal areas classed groups weakest low temperature field consists largely water range limited heating homes factories greenhouses class wet steam field superheated water temperatures brought surface pressure water declines percent bursts steam dry steam fields type high temperature sources comprised mainly steam abundant wet steam fields dry steam sources widely developed geothermal areas wet dry steam sources suited electrical power generation demands energy sources led nations seriously consider potentialities geothermal areas united states government geothermal steam act energy policies established research programs locate assess plan development geothermal areas
book mentioned principle physical stability reference parts environment atmosphere instance air stable unstable depending temperature structure cold dense air warm light air bodies overturn situation gravitationally unstable concept basis understanding wind produced token concept chemical stability order understand chemical weathering chemical stability refers tendency minerals change states mineral minerals form conditions earth surface contact water atmospheric gases chemicals terrestrial sources reaction takes place mineral tends stable unstable related conditions originally formed stable minerals formed highest temperatures pressures presence water air readily react change material feldspar transformed chemical action clays soluble ions reconstituted original mineral hand quartz crystallizes lower temperatures stable compared feldspar figure lists ten minerals according chemical stability earth surface chemical reactions place greatest intensity presence liquid water structure water molecule hydrogen atoms located side large oxygen atom giving molecule strong negative charge side positive charge fig water molecule acts magnet loosening drawing ions minerals
general rate processes move debris surface treated function slope steepness american grove gilbert observed ago noting volume runoff transporting power increases slope inclination extend concept include mass movements find things equal material moved steep slopes region refer steep slopes high energy slopes gentle slopes hand thought low energy slopes rate movement debris correspondingly lower bear mind area change resistance ground materials deforestation radically alter relative meaning high low energy slopes idea slope energy mind let examine happens slope irregular configuration similar walls grand canyon alternating steep gentle segments fig steep segment situated gentle debris brought downhill piles gentle segment energy inadequate move debris fast received fig evident upper parts grand canyon condition permanent pile debris grows slope steepened increasing energy move additional debris steep segments eroded partially buried debris piles outcome slope trends uniform configuration distribution energy debris transport variable
deluge mississippi river reported news media flood discharge records show flow event saint louis missouri flood began march continued seventy consecutive days exceeding record set river flood fifty days entire river crested saint louis april gage height flood stage peak discharge sec stage topped record higher crest discharge percent estimated peak flow compared flood flood flow peak stage higher investigators attribute higher stages modern flows combination levee confinement channel constriction navigation works wing dikes side channel dikes reduce cross sectional area channel tampering river started lieutenant robert lee built confinement dikes remove sandbars threatening saint louis harbor engineers narrowed river finally natural alluvial river generally widens channel response large flood depending relative bed banks width alluvial river channel period function average discharge factors equal mississippi widened response large floods
question relationship magnitude frequency process question relationship magnitude event landforms produced studies show relationship easily defined high magnitude flows river produce landforms distinctly low magnitude flows related factors high magnitude flows cover larger sector river valley terms elevation area render change places small events reach high magnitude flows move large materials boulders trees stress thresholds greater produced low magnitude flows fig effectiveness high magnitude flow shaping stream valleys central appalachian mountains dramatically illustrated study john hack geological survey late john johns hopkins university excerpt summarizes observations violent cloudburst flood june caused severe erosion river valley afforded opportunity study importance extremely low frequency floods agents erosion factors forest ecology storm lasted hours rainfall excess inches fell area centered buck mountain runoff produced dozens debris upper mountain slopes enlarged reworked debris bottom lands larger valleys places removed forest cover entire valley floor high rates runoff effective eroding mountain slopes sorting debris transporting debris producing terraces alluvial fans cones
maps models miniature replicas landscape order maps effectively familiar basic properties direction location scale order read map oriented correct relation earth simple matter essentially maps north top sheet south bottom east west left practically maps book oriented north top orientation shown arrow similar symbol pointing north maps arrows shown pointing true north magnetic north map oriented true north location important consideration map reading standard location grid systems identification area covered map principal geographic coordinate system consists rectilinear network intersecting lines network comprised parallels meridians designated degrees minutes seconds chapter describe accurately location map places map able read interpret coordinate system map north america system maps township range system originally devised division landscape northwest territories united states township range system extended majority united states northern ontario western provinces canada modified rectangular grid based set selected meridians termed principal meridians parallels called intersect initial point fig
marxism prescribes solution problem class rule aroused proletariat rips instruments control bourgeoisie apparatus seize means production changing entire basis social relations expropriation land peasants factories workers amount violence ruling class give position voluntarily greater violence everyday capitalist system khrushchev nonuse violence transition socialism depends resistance exploiters exploiting class resorts violence proletariat communism violence regards pacifism bourgeois sentimentality matter crumbs ruling class let drop overloaded tables capitalist system rest foundations injustice suffering overthrown marxism regards revolution desirable inevitable history progressive epoch represents inevitable advance preceding period capitalism previous forms social order poet compose capitalism flowery marx celebration accomplishments capitalism rests class exploitation progressive unjust eventually produces seeds destruction mature capitalism increasingly monopolistic insatiable profit hunger eventually point reached economy saturated enterprises relentless search investment opportunities drives weaker capitalists proletariat competition workers severe driving wages misery proletariat grows
recently continental asian events number peculiar turns japan reached formal peace china soviet union peking washington exchanged diplomatic putting end bitter mutual antipathy sponsoring wars surrogates rapprochement china west improved china conventional military potential political military relations nato soviet western front apparent china invaded vietnam act punitive aggression hanoi conquest cambodia kampuchea effort offset apparent chinese advantage competition nonnuclear areas asia soviet union moved naval vessels cam bay huge naval facility built navy vietnam war soviet view principally result chinese aggression southeast asia extension soviet naval power necessitated move threat economic strategic security area step readjusting southeast asian power distribution set straight expulsion american forces reunification vietnams thrown upheaval chinese aggression vietnam addition conflict national interests key ideological issues dispute communist giants death stalin chinese propaganda portrayed soviet union center imperialism abhorrent western capitalists china called alternative paths socialism communist bloc central determination bloc policy soviet union ended favor concept determination country
truman kennan perspective criticized camps realist school headed hans accused moralism containment strategy justified primarily terms traditional american interest maintenance european balance power terms universal moral principle principle derived assumption issue united states soviet union defined terms alternative ways proclaims defense free democratic nations direct indirect aggression truman doctrine transformed concrete interest geographically defined part moral principle worldwide validity applied regardless limits american interest american power guide political action victim moral principles congenital political weaknesses inability distinguish desirable inability distinguish desirable essential journalist walter lippmann realist called truman doctrine strategic monstrosity succeed changing situation eastern europe eastern europe independent kremlin red army wrote red army remain russia threatened hostile encirclement military line division western europe presence non european armies continent europe perpetuates division continued wise course american response offer soviets mutual withdrawal united states forces leave western sector soviet forces return ussr
decades satisfaction profitability american investment national preoccupation turned sordid side gray task force focused costs dependence benefits marked departure traditional assumptions gray report concluded profit accrued canada actually drawn american investment capital american corporations ability exploit canadian resources case wise course canada distinguish investment policy capital venture foreign ownership restrict foreign direct investment level percent ownership control early plurality majority canadians polled reported policy restricting american ownership percent industry meant reduction national standard living gray report months later extensive government report canadian relations united states entitled options future statement foreign affairs mitchell sharp minister external affairs major portions report deal question asymmetrical interdependence united states automatically raises threats canada economic sovereignty report suggests trade investment policies canada henceforth measure permissible relations benefits canada canadians parliament entertained variety proposals screening investments foreign sources accordance requirement project strengthen canadian economy deteriorating national control economic activity recognizing excessive nationalism damage economy repelling investments government seeks policy run delicate line destructive nationalism equally destructive
mao tung hoped final victory red army attract soviet assistance despite skepticism kremlin viewed chinese communism origins civil war expulsion kmt soviet raids manchuria industrial regions immediately japanese surrender dampen expectation soviet aid victorious peking hoped soviets consider reparations part dismantling manchuria benefits yalta conference conceded soviet union china expense mao unprecedented month visit moscow december immediately victory prolonged dramatic series negotiations presented chinese case soviet leadership surely epic history communist movement stood mao tung joseph stalin pinnacle power nations celebrating greatest achievement surely adjust seemingly trivial issues dividing natural allies basis known conflicts china soviet union deal profound western realized boundary conflicts overlaid substantial ideological disagreements stalin greeted mao architect revolution accepting homage follower minor province krushchev later revealed stalin treated guest domineering demeaning manner refusing respond seriously chinese demands stalin took primacy soviet communist party communist movement expect china fall faithfully soviet advance guard
developing nations increasingly view united nations conference trade development foreign aid charity obligation nations favored global division wealth fixed standard percent national income target giving developed countries united states falls short goal giving thirds percent recent aid donors combined poorer showing european nations despite lower absolute donations approach percent target giving billion bilateral economic military assistance war substantial amounts food peace multilateral aid american willingness contribute declining increased awareness unanswered social needs united states led demands congress public resources solve domestic problems aid favorite target taxpayer revolt addition liberals begun oppose foreign assistance potential foot door american conservatives offended hostility united states seventy developing countries shared largesse economists aid worn formula billions dollars poured alliance progress latin america achieving decisive development breakthrough promised president kennedy general american disillusionment aid makes expansion giving country unlikely industrial nations expected increase donations
identified elements national power potential geography natural resources industrial capacity population governmental support quality leadership important industrial capacity outstanding economic variable quality leadership important political factor innate capacity exercise influence stage leadership determines extent purposes capacity exercise power takes forms international relations economic rewards punishments elicit favorable responses nations cultural influence extended transfer products mass media student exchanges published materials public opinion countries influenced direct propaganda efforts voice america large foreign radio transmission programs soviet union egypt states international sale armaments exporter variety positive negative powers shipments expanded withheld power international organizations alliances form skillful lobbying bargaining influence operates means assumed exercise power involves application physical force typically force actor unable compromise outcome issue perceives deprive opponent alternative solutions force tends overriding importance international relations arab states attempt revise borders israel diplomatic persuasion propaganda economic sanctions host means territorial conflicts war ultimate means especially international arena institutional means conflict resolution low level development peace enforcing authority weak potential influence actor critically dependent capacity wage war regions values deeply engaged
europe presented problems enormous success western european economies reconstruction led gradual resentment american economic domination charles de demand europe de americanized threatened dilute potential effectiveness united states facing soviet union europe strategic policy nato led resentments suspicions europeans doubting credibility american nuclear umbrella feared impetuous behavior washington response soviet threats unnecessarily europe war worldwide interests associations tend present worldwide problems united states found troubles latin america western europe end problems cornerstone american policy asia alliance japan began show signs decay korean war japanese resentment american security policy grew steadily focused american nuclear strategy disharmony rose point widespread rioting occasion security agreement political climate japan grew menacing tokyo government successfully discouraged planned visit president dwight eisenhower breakdown security matters compounded japanese minds american efforts prevent japan trading china clear major shifts occurring hitherto tight global internal principal alliances crucial change taking place beginning markedly number nation states seventeen states admitted united nations membership newly independent revolutionary respects added dimension sudden increase number national actors
consideration european military balance begin simple dramatic fact thirty conclusion war efforts achieve relaxation tensions area reduction mobilized forces large communist western armies comparatively high levels readiness face lines military demarcation war ended ten ago major east west treaties settling postwar territorial finally signed observers hailed spirit detente predicted scaling military preparations political conflicts lessened soviet union wearying burden maintaining oversized forces europe needed turn attention domestic social economic needs case divert divisions european theatre critical chinese border conflicts intensifying observers fully believed cold war europe dawn hope major reduction standing armies europe soon occur clear retrospect era detente produce result reductions western side occur soviet forces europe expanded significantly spite detente simultaneously increase twenty divisions chinese border american land sea air forces europe reduced soviet forces europe increased twenty divisions thirty divisions larger size vastly improved equipment logistics
condition feared governments war power unfavorable tilt distribution power widespread conviction war present careful power antagonists tend prevent war invite aggression maintenance international peace requires technological gains sides matched vacuum power created unilateral disarmament international relations encourages military ventures proponents believe occasions issues conflict exist warfare failure balance power symmetrically conflicts side seeks major redistribution values wishes preserve status quo clear distinction offense defense peace preserved kind advantage defensive party reliably deter aggression close balance conversely overbalance favor offensive party war likely clear offense defense case peace nearly ensured superiority antagonist winston churchill argued iron curtain speech fulton missouri march soviet aggression stopped western military superiority doctrine balance power unsound afford help narrow margins offering temptations trial strength power inherently dangerous tend produce aggressive policies favored previously peace loving defensive
complex rationalizes high levels military spending ideology conflict mythology cold war ideology deliberately manufactured deception mislead public militaristic false consciousness arises spontaneously high military spending complex conscious conspiracy requires ideology international conflict guarantee position political economic structure society conventional theorist arms races caused realistic conflicts cycle mutual fear opposing states military industrial complex theorist external threat merely projection activities domestic military industrial complexes classic formulation theory applies capitalist socialist states professional military combines managers defense industries related functionaries communist party apparatus ministries bureaucracies natural effective alliance interests soviet heavy industry armed forces conservative wing communist party forged understanding exists security heavy industry ideological orthodoxy harm befall career interests social positions professional military elite highly paid civilian personnel country despite ownership productive facilities ussr military industrial complex interested international conflict theory military industrial complex flawless fails account decline percentage national production devoted defense united states soviet union early defense budget constant dollars discounting inflation declined level comparable decline constant dollars percentage gnp continued decade
difference opinion issue led vigorous private public diplomacy months frustration failure united states secured agreement calling marginal reduction japanese auto exports american manufacturers attempted secure agreements japanese manufacturers export volume production japanese models united states effort improve employment sagging american labor market western europeans acting european economic commission attempted reach official agreements japan failed finally congress election call protectionism american auto market legislation submitted mandating reduction japanese imports writing japanese american executive agreement overshadow legislative proposals trade friendly nations committed economic philosophy prone hostilities easy imagine difficulties establishing reliable regulated trade capitalist economies socialist strained place political differences severe irreconcilable economic relations countries complicated differences methods assigning goods deeply troubling question trade potential adversary strengthen improve advantages age containment basic cold war political maxim western industrialized states trade soviet union china respective friends exceptions food consumer goods eastern european countries western europeans era detente idea trade deprivation political instrument replaced mutual trade potential route understanding improved international tolerance
theory functional integration applied western europe longer intact ironically scholar postulated theory european communities called question adequacy theory profound global political past decade integration theory thought subsidiary interdependence theory reasons advanced hypothesis according view current objectives european community consistent original goals emphasis passed concept customs union designed improve combined industrial capacities members focuses distribution system nonindustrial areas particulary agriculture futhermore theory addresses growth questions competent deal questions quality environmental impacts multinational setting important societal issues directly economic character finally growth institutions slowed drastically principally changed national motives improved administrative skills national level external factors call question adequacy theory power opec influence industrial productivity community members factors comparable importance raise necessity regional foreign policy calls interdependence geographical boundaries community community members beginning appreciate period integrative activity benefits economic relations economies part geographic region contribute efficiency solving problems territory conventions extend tentacles european community virtually worldwide regional integrative benefits
preoccupation mineral distribution serves obscure global nutrition crisis november major petroleum crisis united nations convened food conference rome deal term threat dwindling food production relative need un projected increase production percent globally barely offset increased demand industrialized states leaving contribute percent increase need industrializing states recent un estimates account results green revolution increased land yields resulting modern agricultural techniques experts confident agricultural land increased percent remainder century yields improved percent massive investment study concludes major crop staples produced amounts times current annual global yields major strides occurred bangladesh considered hope respect staple crop predicted sufficient rice production american agricultural scientists announced soybean hybrids capable percent increases yield china announced considered realistic plan double rice production closely tied problem population growth global food shortages present problems obvious consequences starvation squalor retarded economic growth maldistribution food resources introduces potential difficulties present major fear states enjoy plentiful food supplies ensure steady flows mineral resources mineral rich countries
institutionalized order means cooperation nations ensured assumed punishment violators responsibility members community centralized decentralized means force legitimized military control order advocates prescribe lesser sanctions foremost age technique ostracism economic boycott censure cultural isolation universal agreement power war mechanisms international decisions traditionally resulted unjust decisions guarantee mechanism occasionally unjust presumably core values national peoples continue collide absence war traditional power struggles standards justice concept justice prevail political process absence coercion international decision making require functional equivalent war war settled fundamental questions critical historical moments suggest victory equivalent justice suggests war prime instrument decision making allocation values states require functional equivalent prompted desert order individual abilities coerce states sacrifice ability vesting central authority agency confronted problem agency capacity justice authority dictatorial prone injustice alternatively fall command influential minority states converse succumb tyrannical majority states disdain values interests
took million advance crude pebble tools stone age precisely ground polished tools characteristic stone age short span thousand basic human introduction agriculture shortly emergence early city states step connected drastic climate ice ages subsequent melting glaciers covered northern hemisphere survived climate favorable difficult larger population feed simply hunting gathering wild fruit seeds took develop domesticated animals plants achieved burst population growth food specialize direct connection agriculture herding live clustered settlements cities largest concentrations human existed wide belt embracing southern europe northern africa extending eastward palestine syria mesopotamia persia indus river yellow river valleys gaps belt contact inhabitants regions result types populations developed chinese yellow river region lands abounded animal fed
scholars say striking achievements hellenistic age science hellenistic scientists performed remarkable experiments developed theories foreshadowed discoveries sixteenth seventeenth centuries science significance hellenistic aspect philosophy speculative pastime effect ordinary close theory circulation blood change practice medicine aristarchus samos developed theory solar system planets revolving sun scholars clung belief earth center universe eratosthenes estimate circumference earth nearly correct centuries acted proof impossibly large voyage europe east impossible length hellenistic science incorporated intellectual tradition mediterranean reverted older doctrines remained standard explanations natural phenomena roman medieval period hellenistic scientist moslem scholars writings reach western europe thirteenth century important exception rule mathematics practical minded geometry euclid ca built scattered propositions geometry coherent system studied archimedes syracuse worked basic problems concerning mass motion theory machines compound pulley
vespasian excellent administrator empire deeply dept nero vespasian solvent reforming tax structure conducting empire wide census eliminated practice farming taxes selling collect taxes corporations bankers cut earlier emperors appointed emperor took financial administration provinces vast amounts land owned confiscated alleged traitors organized produce maximum revenues frontiers empire strengthened places defense difficult vespasian succeeded sons titus titus capable father financial crises avoid unpopularity caused vespasian financial practices ruled provinces disliked rome cult republic dead philosophers arguing rule subordinates grew autocratic grew older writers accused wishing addressed lord god truth accusation certainly executed number high rank flimsy charges palace conspiracy formed assassinated armies surprise move senate able act approval palace guard chose members emperor upright distinguished senator knew needed military support designated trajan commander armies rhine successor
mohammed left clear instructions successor chosen death confusion ranks followers rebellion part recently converted tribes faithful finally decided choose caliph successor prophet act political leader islam caliph abu bekr earliest pious mohammed converts ruled succeeded suppressing revolts completing unification arabia successor omar conquests began arabs habit raiding wealthier neighbors north found united byzantine persian states weakened disastrous wars probing attacks arabs met slight resistance soon turned wars conquest defeat byzantine army river determined fate eastern provinces fortified towns held arabs conquered syria armenia palestine egypt persia gave trouble completely arab hands outbreak civil war arabia slowed wave conquest civil war caused bad feeling early converts leading arab families accepted islam mohammed triumph assured trouble began caliph othman early convert opposed latecomers prophet companions accused favoring recent converts pushing forward kinsmen led opposition mohammed
urgent problems demanding attention james knox polk sworn president united states march rapidly deteriorating relationship country republic mexico issue texas annexation altogether fitting president direct hand creating problem recently concluded campaign polk democratic nominee record ardent defeated whig opponent henry clay unsuccessfully attempted avoid controversial issue election polk signified embattled tyler administration vindication unhappy attempts secure texas treaty discredited tyler moved accomplish lame duck heretofore denied closing hours administration supporters pushed congress joint resolution offering annexation texans eve polk inauguration outgoing president officially transmitted offer mexican reaction move instantaneous smoldering resentment mexicans fanned open flames talk war united states heard sides meantime official protests lodged mexican government questioning propriety legality act protests united states government repeatedly answered questions national interest annex republic texas won freedom maintained independence officially recognized member family nations matter solely united states texas united states felt obligation consult power
nations drifted war mexico part entered struggle heavily laden burdens creation troops crossed rio grande vulnerable virtue underestimated power adversary seriously strength completely misread international scene united states hand apparently oblivious inadequacy military force threat internal division indifferent calamitous effects disjointed policy entered lightly war scarcely thought monumental problems involved washington spring scene feverish activity polk administration hastily belatedly began plans war officially declared american military history taught lesson worth studying clearly underscores fact gods smiled remarkable fact explained escaped destruction blunders invite fully half dozen times history war totally unprepared managing survive hastily forging military machine miraculously attaining victory mexican war national preference policy hurry catch week receipt news outbreak hostilities administration washington steeped planning faced suddenly ugly reality war president cabinet members forced give consideration urgent needs selecting strategic plan raising manpower performing countless chores essential victory
juncture advancing americans fire enemy works federation independence hills soon clear positions advance monterrey noon worth ready advance federation hill proposed fording shallow santa catarina american troops drove enemy pickets charged slope short sharp struggle wrested earthwork defenders fell el fort larger order delay occasioned worth additional heavier guns hurling artillery barrage infantry attacked fury mexicans fleeing monterrey capture el meant federation hill entirely american hands major threat advance quarter removed road forbidding appearance stood independence hill bishop palace western redoubt galling fire americans late afternoon troops weary activities worth decided wait morning attack formidable height worth engaged flank taylor continued activities quarter designed compel heavy forces concentrated front worth moved road taylor continuing throw shells city later actually launched series assaults infantry keeping safely range guns citadel struck eastern edge town
opportunity cost choosing thing alternative benefit alternative provided opportunity cost necessarily involve money payment simply represents opportunity principle increasing cost holds resources perfectly adaptable alternative resources shifted corn production missile production corn order unit increase missile output able increase missile production shifting tractor machinists job fabricating missile parts missiles built opportunities getting machinists corn producing sector exhausted missiles switch farmers hired hands spouses children sheep dogs missile production inputs suitable missile production switched activity accept greater greater reductions farm output order unit missile output economists say opportunity cost missiles terms number bushels corn unit increase missiles rises missile production increased fact production possibilities curve opportunity cost curve principle increasing cost holds production possibilities curve hold general shape drawn figure mathematicians curve concave origin point graph missile corn combinations production possibilities curve entail technologically efficient resources
purely capitalist economic system free choice free enterprise problems arise trouble spots include discrepancy social private benefits costs distribution income alienation workers issues discussed social benefit service benefit production brings society social cost service cost society incurs result production service social costs benefits equal private costs benefits connected production consumption service buys video recorder shares neighbors disrupts lives private benefit owner recorder reflect total social benefit recorder cost production manufacturer reflects cost productive resources making recorder social cost recorder equal private cost cases private benefits costs reflect social benefits costs children school education obtain benefit educated citizenry benefit society social benefits education point greater private benefits neighbors lovely safe fireworks display pleasure watching social benefits display greater private benefits hand process producing service firm pollutes surrounding air water incur cost cleaning firm private cost production social cost production
price change income effect tends reinforce substitution effect understandable realize change price consumer purchases impact consumer purchasing power price gasoline doubles week feel lot poorer comparison week especially weekly money income remains constant likely purchase gasoline goods purchasing power fallen reverse happen price gasoline decreased consumers tend increase purchases goods purchasing power rises decrease purchasing power falls income effect price change reinforce substitution effect law demand finally law demand reinforced tendency individual consumers saturated buying week unlikely willing increase consumption week price falls significantly plenty stomach additional attractive phenomenon known economics principle diminishing marginal utility reflecting idea additional units product satisfying consumer person consumes product summarize things equal reasons expect inverse relationship price product amount consumers purchase period substitution effect income effect principle diminishing utility
logically demand curve individual consumer specific product slopes downward market demand curve product negative slope relationship occurs market product price falls market demand curve simply aggregate composed demand curves individuals willing able buy product prices formulate simple show individuals demand curves summed obtain market demand curve product suppose return demand curve oranges assuming orange market consists consumers raoul tricia figure shows market demand curve oranges demand curves raoul tricia prices oranges shown tricia willing able raoul buy oranges market demand curve oranges consumer obtained adding quantities consumed parties price price orange raoul demand curve shows purchase oranges week tricia purchase oranges week person point respective demand curve obtain point market demand curve oranges adding amounts raoul tricia consume price orange quantity demanded market po oranges week price falls orange raoul tricia adjust point respective demand curves quantity demanded market point fourteen oranges week
price elasticity demand affected factors including important consumers view percent consumers budgets spent availability substitute goods span consumers adjustments price change observed viewed necessity price elasticity demand tend low person bitten rabid animal view preventive rabies shots essential continued person funds willing pay prices exactly required number shots percentage budgets spent item affect consumers reactions price increases consumers spend small portion incomes service price elasticity demand product things remaining tend low table salt tends low price elasticity demand consumers expenditures table salt rule significant part budgets hand price elasticity demand housing larger availability substitutes important factor determining price elasticity demand readily substitute gasoline source energy motor vehicles price elasticity demand gasoline low substitutes brand gasoline price elasticity demand brand highly elastic assuming prices competing brands change
quantity input capital fixed input combinations production function longer relevant period consideration combinations correspond employing amounts variable input labor fixed amount capital describe firm production possibilities short run order describe relationship variable input output short run derive total product curve variable input total product input maximum level output produced amounts input fixed amount inputs everyday expect things equal total product variable input greater greater quantity fixed inputs combined workers automobile manufacturing plant productive assembly line figure shows total product labor curves capital fixed units capital fixed units expect total product labor higher quantity labor combined larger amount capital equipment think wood cut chain saw ax course firm relevant total product curve short run depend quantity fixed inputs later total product input significant short run productivity variable firm analyzing short run cost structure aware average marginal products variable input change usage input rises
monopoly firm able produce output industry cheaply perfectly competitive firms substantial economies scale present costly city ten water companies set water mains running underground companies provide natural gas electricity forms public transportation products services companies public utilities general examples natural monopolies natural monopoly exists economies scale large firms involved production industry output unit cost higher monopoly cases firm granted exclusive franchise service market price regulated government body price regulation monopolies discussed later section monopoly firms employ price discrimination increase profits firm practices price discrimination charges price identical units product price discrimination involves selling service prices buyers charging single buyer price amount product lower price additional units product practiced monopolies firms control price product competitive oligopoly firms discussed chapter electric utility firms monopolies practice price discrimination discriminate type buyer charging rates residential commercial industrial kilowatt hours electricity phone company sets rates businesses pay local service individuals
firms competitive industry earning economic profit firms attracted industry entry firms results smaller market share firm case demand curves firms industry shift downward competitive industry reach run equilibrium position firm situation similar shown figure price equal run average cost profit maximizing level output firm earning normal profit small independent retail firms competitive firms larger metropolitan areas typical businesses sort clothing boutiques garages hair styling salons restaurants taverns merchandise firms differentiated brand service location quality style taste atmosphere attributes product differentiation crucial competitive firm control price firms type industry attempt achieve differentiation advertising advertising means informing public availability firm product increase demand product shift demand curve outward advertising increases firm revenue costs firm find profitable advertise examples advertising competitive firms abound section san antonio express news contained advertisements restaurants big week ads advertisements restaurants opposed mere listings establishments appeared yellow pages san antonio telephone directory economists argue extensive advertising waste resources social point view general serves social purpose
book unlike received native austria success won appointment economics university vienna nonetheless fight acceptance views german economics dominated historical school liked emphasis role individual behavior deductive theorizing argument principle parallels developed theory input prices factor values final goods approach conceptually difficult reflected overemphasis utility flawed french born economist taught university lausanne switzerland leon published highly mathematical treatise elements pure political economy contained marginal utility theory consumer behavior familiar theories technician book integrating theory consumer behavior similar theory production mathematical model economy markets view change price sets prices related goods factors production equilibrium discussed terms system method known general equilibrium analysis elegant appealing approaches economics difficult revered modern economists widely accepted fact certainly attributed lack zeal part period fifty corresponded virtually major economists
auto force rising direct proportion boost production cars trucks units built production worker risen productivity measured bureau labor statistics growing fast rate autos averaging compared manufacturing industries displacement jobs machines computers masked doubling car truck output heavy overtime scheduling tacit understanding union management loss occur faster attrition companies played intelligently says retired uaw anthony introduced technology gradually layoffs result don believe local union leadership understands impact equilibrium threatened industry billion crash program meet mileage emission standards smaller cars bringing massive overhaul productive capacity machines replaced faster automated systems computers sprouting array applications plant floor engineers seeking ways employ breed robots proved nasty welding painting materials improved car design greatly simplifying assembly rate productivity growth faster says leroy director product planning strong lexington mass consulting firm small cars automated companies maintain profitability adds sure goal reduction manhours car cost justify major investment kind improvement
justice department agreed consent decree attempted limit business telephone service dividing line communications industry data processing industry blurred fcc decided decree longer enforceable decision expected spark lawsuits issues resolved justice department working legislative proposal limiting corporate mergers proposed legislation ban mergers corporations resulting corporation billion sales assets exception acquired company sales million favor law contend bigness inevitably results higher prices apparently legal price leadership tactics publication detailed price lists press releases oppose broad legislation argue bigness promotes economic efficiency economies scale economist john kenneth galbraith argues corporations need large diversified order cope uncertainties modern economy undertake costly research development statement mean galbraith favors views discussed greater length chapter evidence support positions evidence support large size se clear cut advocates lead believe issues discussed greater depth chapters antitrust procedures united states criticized result court proceedings resolved glaring problem antitrust suit brought department justice ibm
centuries indians southwest building houses soil water historically adobe homes prized durability fuel efficiency fact adobe houses reportedly standing hundred department housing urban development required additional insulation adobe houses government officials waterproof additives adobe addition hud officials upset standard adobe brick top federal contractors obliged law pay prevailing wages government jobs requirement problems government classified adobe workers masons bricklayers considered skilled laborers builders argue main requirement adobe workers strong skilled upshot regulations government financed adobe housing prohibitively expensive hud office indian programs comments difficult understand indians ancient pueblo structures comfortable winter summer federal government don think bad guy adobe traditional building material run modern technological standards oriented society section examine issue government regulation business society difficult calculate entire cost including cost business government government regulation murray chairman council economic advisors reagan administration stated annual expenditures major regulatory agencies shot billion fiscal billion fiscal estimated total annual cost government regulation billion
seen price demand supply agricultural products shifts demand supply curves result large price shifts domestic supply curves foreign demand curves frequently occur result factor farmers control weather irrigation farmers dry areas smudge pots citrus growers ward frost cases farmers mercy rain hail snow wind fluctuating temperatures farmers difficulty accurately predicting level output prices receive revenues conclude obvious agribusiness affects large part economy substantial expenditure money connected federal government farm programs aspects farming present unique problems distinctions farming industries blurring farmers gaining market power ops technology coping weather improving finally government programs affect scarce economic resources public sector private sector important citizens carefully consider impact welfare nation noted previous section farm sector supports employment agriculture related industries food processing distribution middlemen industries increasing attack farmers consumers earning excessive profits shown table farmer share retail farm products fallen farm market basket farm products percent retail cost
key balancing output production quotas annual plan resources account known materials balance early stages annual plan balance shows resources attain desired production targets targets enterprises sacrificed order attain targets obviously choice depend priorities established plans production targets enterprises low priority output reduced resources shifted higher priority economist explained problems faced adjusting materials balance follows process balancing material balances takes effort especially adjustment balance calls numerous adjustments requirements copper initially exceed expected availability amounts copper allotted copper users cut case relative priority ratings users standpoint national importance involved alternatively resources shifted copper production additional goods export order purchase copper abroad likely adjustments affect material balances goods copper turn affect copper indefinitely input output analysis developed western economists nobel prize winning economist russian born american popularized soviet planners help solve materials balance problems input output analysis matrix algebra describe linkages industries economy determine input output levels industry required level aggregate output gnp
tradition command market perform task organizing economic system society modern nations generally rely primarily command market combination planning market responses answer fundamental questions production distribution growth modern economies differ significantly degree ownership means production socialism extent attempt provide income security health care social benefits citizens called socialism welfare statism economy soviet union united states terms gnp characterized virtually complete ownership means production highly centralized planning plan instituted dictatorship josef stalin gosplan planning agency controlled production distribution investment decades soviet planning emphasized development heavy industry production capital goods armaments sacrificing production consumer goods agricultural sector collectivized slowly modernized soviet planning includes setting annual production quotas enterprise establishment input prices setting retail prices consumer goods key planning approach materials balance represents attempt coordinate inputs outputs large number industries input output analysis mathematical tool western planners applied materials balance problem data requirements large type analysis annual plans covering enterprises soviet policy input pricing employs cost production approach based marxist labor theory
enthusiastic india enthusiasm colonial africa congo pygmies point field trips pygmies enthusiasm nature virtually excluded village society major research objective return forest villagers complete picture opportunity field thought continued disturbances northeastern congo impossible project offered ways promising felt enthusiastic return india andaman islands andaman removed central african pygmies resembled remarkable manner physically culturally adequately studied isolated andaman island foreign settlements kind accessible sea months due heavy surf usual rumors tendencies certainly unfounded isolation uninviting offer ideal unique opportunities special vital research project met enthusiasm support india recognized vague responses attempts avoid unpleasantness say refused believe legacy centuries british bureaucracy defeat worthwhile project persisted moment
concept family broad counts everyday community residence camp live close likely effectively related kinship bond full brothers hand live parts camp let bands concern needs moment needs dominate mind hunter stable bonds biological relationship flexible terms parent child brother sister present lines responsibility friendship frequently sociological relationship corresponds biological means event difference biology takes place think family simple basic unit biological terms economic biological family say wife children ready model cooperative social unit model extended linking families wider unit typical sedentary peoples nomadic hunters hunters child brought regard adult living camp parent age mate brother sister real effective relationships constantly shifting changing composition band camps abandoned rebuilt essentially social attitude kinship readily lent rapid disastrous took place restriction movement hunting activities
mornings homework spent hour wandering surrounding countryside getting cattle herders speaking peoples part east africa stand listen open amusement tried tell swahili sounded understand surely didn want talk spoke terms assistant administrator troublesome dishonest elusive tricky added helping raid neighbors peter thomas spoke unison denied flatly added weight story youth gabriel kindest guides took home showed pride fields farmed progressive father spoke favor government plan reduce cattle herding persuade peoples farming family possessed large herd number turkana stolen herding prosperous farmers gabriel showed countryside naming fantastic rocky outcrops graphic terms penis vulva clitoris rump interesting parts anatomy nicely mission dominated vulva alternative gateway
small village open sprawling huts twelve village eighteen atum need rap stockade looking hill seen moving inside outer stockade broken section longer needed walked atum shouting warn inside coming ducked low opening entered compound woman making pottery gave cheery welcome laughed head tried speak say emphasis vowel asked atum willingly showed details cut clay wanted watch firing pots unduly surprised interest shaking head laughing left fields hearing mentioned appeared hole stockade shutting compound looked hundred forty mumbled contrast enormous fine set teeth open smiles laughs infectious told atum give water
atum told stepped demands food medicine felt critically sick try hospital refused offer sick seen brother law beady eyed sidled supposed knew atum selling medicine giving wife unduly surprised merely remarked bad wife enjoying joke enormously dead weeks buried inside compound wouldn wonder want hospital worth dead alive atum show slightest embarrassment told knew wife death merely forgotten tell changed subject sweet face looked sweet gentle voice sounded gentle barely months field moment slide road blocked began notice things suppose chosen ignore sure tall lanky youth working house helped language understand suited pretend understand want listen alternative measure talking scene switch able join understand saying
took attempts managed atum simply turn found urgent message baboons eating field side mountain loomed met youths sure atum ahead allegedly coming worth going think called show difficult anyway fourth trip event atum son law scrambled knew going rough thought cross country hike level ground change height easier atum easily left wished atum beating grass small thorn bushes stick scorning trails going direction preferring straight line regardless obstacles times scared snakes path carrying spear ready brought rear seen face smashed kicked jaw antelope hunting stumbled sleeping knew leopards occasional lion dangerous countryside dangerous level ground goal hundred yards ahead ravines hundred feet depth sheer sides
partly anyway favorite son died night suggested burying body morning bury compound dark involve funeral things feast boy worth boy refused beat heard crying badly beaten top dig hole looking stricken knew named grandfather died expect give feast suppose blame eat try provide parasitical relatives son died add injury injury incapable love lack family seen simply room luxuries family sentiment love close verge starvation luxuries mean death singularly foolish luxury die dead weak strike hard assumption things basic human values notion virtue goodness ready accept hunger wished ignore deliberately consciously confined young healthy aged left abandoned extended children
burned fields early field shelters collapsing disuse watchtowers fallen sprinkles rain brought eager shoots burned dead sun fire drill fire twirling stick rapidly hands rests notch stick held firm foot matter seconds friction produces smoke dry tinder poured stick ground bursts flame puff fires lit attempt control spread heavily wooded section reducing ashes destroying beehives think women took wandering mountains gathering wild fruits berries find digging roots stick cutting grass going seed threshing eating seed anxiety eat eaten speak caused additional suffering seen women threshing grass skin capes hurriedly pounding stone nearby stuffing gritty result mouths moistening water let cooking result severe dangerous stomach cramp need eat hurriedly secretly scarcity water real factors daily villages nearest water hole sacred tree times scum mud
pygmies angels involved disputes manage settle criminal resort punitive measures passing judgment individuals concerned settlement reached goal mind restoration harmony band thing surely wrong eyes dispute place begin extent disputants blame held temporary lack disputes rarely reach stage physical violence violence deep smoldering scarring woman making disagreeable dividing neighbor simply community interest familial economic social spiritual family hold serve model wider social brotherhood economic interest centered individual stomachs cooperation merely device furthering interest consciously selfish thing called practices tell dispensed myth altruism largely dispensed acts reality served mutual interests centralized leadership means physical coercion undeniably hold remarkable tenacity thought uncover realm law custom power authority offer explanation
creation god gave turkana cattle food gave spear kill god gave digging stick told kill gave hunger saintly failed tell duty give cows goats sugar tobacco lots money turkana point friendly met big strong healthy power kill power curse met woman cursed giving illness making weak hunger god merely hunger moving search food witch evil caught beat careful draw blood beat beat beat finally agreed remove curse poured water leaves sprinkled dipped leaves water wasting pouring small hungry thirsty met creations god including police white knew bad things days hunger bad thing places clan origin points origin clans presently exist stories migrations places hunger give part creation tale tone historical mythological
occasions patient bring medicine white clay colds brought house warmed fire touched lightly forehead shoulders chest sufferer warming fire told entered head spoke patient colds common claimed cut kind wood believed powerful tie neck charm attach neck rest wood cut touched extra powerful famous anthill medicine favorite ingredient medicines anthill sick body lots wounds matter laid open healed grew bigger stronger anthill medicine touched powerful difficult distinction kinds medicine call effective magical magical based superstition scientific validity effective term magic implies supernatural level instance believed magical substances actually endowed power true doctor scientific medicines limits knowledge question touch power talk moved sphere science belief
climbing easy scramble reached top clock afternoon started dawn side looking sudan runaway village side deep wide gorge hurry dark atum scuttled wooded bottom gorge stopping halfway stopping rest suddenly aware difference side top paused look view village pointed wait high took look listened vast expanse rolling succession mountains green wooded looked isolated impressive looked friendly approached broad valley slight breeze blowing carried sounds birds animals suddenly alive worth living difficult think left woods cool beautiful fresh stream running jumping mossy boulders forming pools miniature waterfalls atum washed drinking deep climb village steep woods sun low dark emerged woods slightly village halfway face gorge sun
trip atum ok husband led atum ok brought rear climbed side look sharp angle escarpment lay distance grass high tracks buffalo atum carried spear stick incidents happened led narrow ledge dangerous drop side turned need fact detour specially worry overly incident moving fast fairly level ground suddenly dashed tall grass head saying buffalo buffaloes nasty creatures times slacken pace atum stopped urinate nodding head continue path beginning slope steeper angle ahead tall grass path suddenly turned dipped violently slipped fell view wanted grass fell front land fell edge escarpment fifteen hundred feet kenya path tiny ledge hesitate turned recovered fright nearly going edge found path easy turning animal trail foot trail escarpment
learned things main objective accomplished readily obvious outset changed due sudden glut food inter personal relationships deteriorate heighten individualism thought capable mean greedy selfish excelled insult animals call faced conscious choice humans parasites course chosen saw fields alive planted seed lain dormant germinated confronted problem reaped harvest courting disaster famine store grain eating planting knew trying store waste fields look promising cultivating keeping free insect bird damage government stop famine relief famine relief shown easier getting food farming let fields rot eating wanted wanted continued draw famine relief confirmed parasitic tendencies relief offered government genuine emergency offered local authorities blind paternalism british colonial government blind point arrogant
religions arose effort provide means uniting expanding increasingly diverse societies brought agricultural revolution verge defeat unite large blocks efficiency increasingly rent internal schism impact individual apparently growing role religion provide kind anesthesia unable face laudable terms professed beliefs role played formal religion lend support direct conflict principles resting intellectual physical violence assert nucleus system forming loud mouthed intellectual heads assistants show road believe trust love hope think job government regarded simply govern conform creating system enforce conformity governed word democracy soporific lulling unthinking nicely filled stomachs sense security government regards minds express nuisance destroyed conform worth noting high places government conspicuously occupied minds merely political necessarily social abilities
america supposed knew contained parts europe asia africa rest water continents turned midst water took europe idea saw unexpected lands global nuisance barrier blocking ships route familiar trading grounds explorers probed barrier recognized opportunities spanish scene seize opportunities happened thickly populated areas located tropics soon put masses digging things europeans valued gold silver pearls precious stones century paid attention northerly lands united states spanish looked bother left english plant begin feel possibilities forests meadows atlantic coast present maine georgia english landed thought spanish put native americans love willingly turn english native population northern areas large tropics decimated european diseases caught earlier exploring parties left showed eagerness english english swept plant kind
hear stay pause stand half amazed peoples condition reader considers passed vast ocean sea troubles preparation freinds inns refresh weatherbeaten bodys houses townes recorded scripture apostle company barbarians shewed refreshing savage barbarians readier fill sides full arrows wise season winter winters sharp violent known places unknown coast desolate full wild beasts multitudes ther knew god grace children fathers rightly say english ocean ready perish cried lord heard looked let praise lord endure yea let redeemed lord shew hath delivered hand
settlement pennsylvania completed english occupation atlantic coast spanish florida french canada colonies founded authority king active participation financial support government uniquely shaped varying purposes founders settlers imperial policy navigation acts king parliament began apply imperial policy america found machinery colonial government acts enforced lay control virginia appointed governor council england exercise voice colonial government navigation acts passed charles ii furthering dispersion power gave rhode island royal charter replace similar parliamentary charter authorizing settlers choose governmental officers charter privilege connecticut including haven preferred separate charter charters granted charles thoughtlessly distributed authority enforce imperial policies charles strengthened element colonial government imperial control difficult charters duke york required consent settlers local legislation requirement met popularly elected representative assemblies existing older colonies assemblies demonstrated usefulness operate effectively colonial government obtain advice cooperation actual settlers especially english laws representatives
fact inhabitants colonies represented parliament chuse members assembly tenths britain electors election annexed species property peculiar franchises places descriptions comprehend small part land property island colonies exactly situation british subjects actually virtually represented parliament member parliament sits house representative constituents august assembly commons britain represented rights interests borough affected general dispositions objects attention rules conduct sacrifice partial advantage favour place chosen departure duty enjoy privileges essential liberty denied birmingham manchester colonies british subjects equal share general representation commons britain bound consent majority house representatives consented opposed measures representatives infer lord british members parliament actually represent colonies permitted act appointment britain unequally represented kingdom hath legal qualifications vote represent piece sophistry half mind pass cobweb blowing pieces
battle saratoga british fought cautious war dreams easy victory howe snug philadelphia winter try attack washington wretched forces starving freezing winter quarters nearby valley forge spring howe replaced sir henry clinton prove languid bolder spring brought france entry war american refusal carlisle commission peace overtures uncertain france throw weight british high command decided play safe ordered clinton withdraw philadelphia york plan major campaign south according strategists loyalists lend decisive hand valley forge mild weather washington forces thawed drilled prussian precision baron friedrich von idealist help usher independence june supply provisions turned haggard hard maneuverable army clinton pulled philadelphia march jersey york washington pace parallel route watched chance strike opportunity battle monmouth courthouse june badly bungled general charles lee main body clinton troops arrived safely york british american armies marching jersey french forces arrived america vice admiral comte seventeen ships thousand troops
rivalry small large states masked rivalry north south appeared voting continental congress southern states slave labor produced crops export wary subjecting labor produce government dominated numerous northern states free labor diversified farming large commercial interests prevailed convention opened edmund randolph virginia presented plan drafted colleague james madison designed overcome fears fears states madison thirty astute political thinker proposed rest government united states governments representation states population population southern states including slaves equaled northern states expected grow rapidly future government representation proportioned according population south safe small states endangered large fears madison perceived partly illusion small necessarily interests large delaware common neighbors pennsylvania distant rhode islanders government seizing power assigned madison proposed divide branches check balance house legislature independent executive independent judiciary specific functions bounds distant constituent america guardians government watching sure hand
problem confronting president congress continuing european holocaust created difficulties embargo repealed policy peaceable coercion persisted drastic forms madison administration blundered badly applying substitute embargo nonintercourse act passed reestablished trade nations britain france continued enforce obnoxious orders decrees act encouraged british government try negotiation david erskine friendly sympathetic british minister concluded agreement highly satisfactory united states violated instructions june delighted president renewed trade britain waiting agreement approved london hundreds american ships cleared home ports months unfortunately british government repudiated erskine treaty soon arrived recalled generous minister madison embarrassed humiliated proclaimed restoration nonintercourse anglo american relations worsened nonintercourse gave policy incorporated curious measure called macon bill number bill restored trade britain france threatened resume nonintercourse agreed respect america neutral rights napoleon turn try diplomacy proclaiming love americans concern prosperity announced november french commercial restrictions repealed attached conditions promise meaningless
constitution enumeration powers expressly granted government powers construed strictly construed sentence constitution countenance rule enumerated powers grants expressly means carrying execution congress authorized laws proper purpose gentlemen mean strict construction contend enlarged construction extend words natural obvious import principle contend narrow construction support theory found constitution deny government powers words grant understood import consistent general views objects instrument narrow construction cripple government render unequal objects declared instituted powers fairly understood render competent perceive propriety strict construction adopt rule constitution expounded proposition command universal assent mankind expect government union limited powers supreme sphere action result necessarily nature government powers delegated represents acts nation subjects act necessarily bind component parts
mechanical devices played increasingly important part lives american study applied science began invade precincts american education network mechanics institutes beginning boston spread american cities train mechanical arts president madison predecessors urged founding national university stressed potential temple science diffuse knowledge private colleges soon added applied science curricula harvard dr jacob bigelow began lecture elements technology tried awaken students possibilities exciting frontier yale benjamin brought similar message students wider audience american journal science founded enormously popular public lectures rensselaer polytechnic institute genre opened doors troy york purpose instructing persons choose apply application science common purposes newspapers periodicals accurately reflected public opinion american proud technological achievements fascinated products applied science looking half century economic growth independence tocqueville concluded rapid progress trade manufactures americans constitute present maritime nation manufacturing makes daily advances greatest undertakings speculations executed difficulty
negro slaves south happiest sense freest children aged infirm comforts necessaries provided enjoy liberty oppressed care labor women hard protected despotism husbands masters negro stout boys average weather hours holidays white license liberty die negroes corporeal mental repose faces upturned sun sleep hour quiet sleep greatest human free laborer starve slave negro works longer harder allowance slave holiday cares begin labors end liberty single question slavery undeniably country question age decision depend interests vast set words millions slaves land calling free millions human beings robbed statute custom styled christian held brutes knowledge forbidden religious worship allowed clogged sanctity marriages denied home family sacred names kindred form dialect domestic love unmeaning words
august shortly outbreak mexican war house representatives consideration request president passage bill appropriating million facilitate purchase territory mexico peace treaty negotiated bill immediately provoked northern congressmen announce opposition spread slavery territory acquired david wilmot pennsylvania democrat close ties van buren wing party finally rose moved amendment making express fundamental condition acquisition territory slavery involuntary servitude exist part territory wilmot proviso amendment called passed house failed senate occasions reintroduced bitterly debated fifteen issue slavery expansion latent source trouble missouri controversy drive wedge deeper north south stakes high critics defenders slavery alike convinced institution permitted expand ultimately die support proviso resentful northern whigs felt polk candid congress explaining background mexican war northern democrats discontented walker tariff polk veto internal improvements bills oregon compromise rejection van buren generally regarded unduly pro southern stance administration
american merchants shipowners recovered disasters suffered war severely hurt depression panic mid economic recovery favorable developments combined encourage revival foreign trade commerce shipping vital source income economy northeast mercantile prosperity stimulated fact south continued principal supplier raw cotton expanding british textile industry repeal british corn laws opened large market american wheat passage low walker tariff lower tariff encouraged flow european manufactured goods united states spectacular rise immigration american ships filled capacity homeward voyage result combined american exports imports increased million million doubled decade reaching million thirds commerce europe valuable part exchange american cotton wheat flour products british factories civil war cotton continued provide half country exports late finished manufactured goods constituted percent united states exports buy nearly half imports
congress johnson control army weaken reconstruction acts behavior technically correct instructing district commanders question past behavior took oath allegiance permitted southerners doubtful loyalty regain vote eventually removed generals sympathetic radical program rashly challenged congress message december declaring maintain rights president regardless consequences times radicals congress contemplated impeaching johnson find legal ground action opening johnson resolved test constitutionality tenure office act congress summer recess dismissed edwin stanton appointed grant temporary secretary war congress senate refused consent stanton removal grant abandoning empty office stanton protested agreed join president breaking law grant spoiled johnson plan critics suggested hint radicals presidential candidate johnson angry grant embarked opera search cooperative general stand finally produced general lorenzo thomas success installing war department stanton office cooked meals regularly consulted radical leaders removing stanton bad trying replace pliable secretary war convinced moderate republicans johnson intended free hand army undo military reconstruction acts bringing south face specific laws congress passed prevent
armed disciplined oath bound members confederate army disguise instruments terror crime sir familiar familiar common description ku klux klans riding night region country going county county coming county town spreading terror community endeavor excite superstition pretended believe outset representative ghosts confederate dead idea sought give ghosts confederate dead coming punish disloyal confederate service terrified women children white black excited superstition ignorant negroes south endeavored frighten superstition intimidation threats violence murder president organization similar ku klux klan thought thugs india murdered murdered secretly disguise act murder senator looking record crime ages tell association conspiracy band combined acts purposes diabolical ku klux klan secret oath bound murder rob plunder whip scourge commit crimes high lofty lowly poor feeble women utterly defenceless night armed disguised color superstitious forms commit
legal status doubt supreme court chief justice chase ironically secretary treasury issued ruled legal tender act unconstitutional protesting decision grant advisers pointed cast doubt validity contracts calling payment money legal tender feared abrupt removal overly contract supply money grant vacancies supreme court fill appointed justices views sought advance court ruled government rights issuing paper currency opinion settled legal question left open question circulation order relieve deflation accompanying panic treasury department reissued million retired earlier administration balked expansion currency demanded congress backed bill designed john sherman give west south fairer share nation banking facilities bill increased number national banks allowed augment amount bank notes circulation provided january treasury demand redeem legal tender notes coin specie act law republicans help eastern democrats restored protective tariff duties reduced earlier
nations disastrous effects policy decisions stereotyped images side elicit similar compounding distortion worse believes stereotype reality setting motion mechanism fulfilling prophecy nation believes implacable enemy making guideline national policy eventually task book examine thirteen empirical case studies concrete specific effects policy decisions deal american relations looks earliest encounters nations decades chinese empire traces complex relationship chiang united states deals communist chinese intervention korean war fourth examines united states chinese relationship french phase war indochina examines american relations americanization vietnamese war sixth concludes analysis growing closeness china america set studies examines watersheds russo american relations concerns volatile relations united states czarist russia days catherine alexander nicholas deals encounter woodrow wilson lenin crucible war bolshevik revolution examines soviet american relations leading establishment diplomatic relations fourth traces beginning cold war spiral division germany analyzes interaction president john kennedy premier nikita khrushchev cuban missile crisis sixth deals examination recent zigzags soviet union united states
story china hands western powers nineteenth century told western accounts fully grasp fact greatest disaster befell china entire history civilization saw top brought low gunboats group assorted barbarians opium war scramble concessions china place considerably reducing china sovereignty british french japanese defeated china exacted territories spheres influence russians germans suite carved rights result china coastal cities capital peking foreign laws reigned supreme chinese treated inferiors country recall arrival shanghai shocked sign affixed foreign club international settlement chinese dogs permitted united states fought colonial wars china benefited concessions exacted western powers enjoyed rights special privileges accorded foreigners unequal treaties nineteenth century british brought gunboats harbor canton caleb cushing brought naval squadron british french gunboats besieged tientsin american waited distance river joined envoys signing treaty secured america share chinese territory reduced china dust course superior foreign cannon understand chinese reaction deeper level ask question slow respond
european powers began carve china earnest competition concessions gathered speed imperial government forced acquiesce resistance capital divided hated barbarians reached temple heaven boxer uprising place awareness reality face western guns boxer myths countless armies spirit soldiers led straight defeat image china shattered rock boxer protocol attitude united states chinese empire moral superiority americans waged war china received privileges european powers wished draw clear distinction imperialists american government attempted open door notes seen circular memoranda free trade claim unsuccessful effort uphold integrity china myth established episode open door notes tremendous blow struck triumph american principles international society american blow american idea ineffectiveness american unwillingness enforce notes fact hay departure goals set things succeeded shaking established opinion american public americans saw chinese wards superior petty power politics europeans america open door democratic policy guaranteeing equal opportunity protecting integrity china
october accompaniment fierce bugle calls shrill whistles blasts shepherds horns chinese launched surprise attack south korean american forces fifty miles south chinese border results devastating united nations regiments virtually decimated major general charles willoughby macarthur main intelligence officer voiced opinion auspicious chinese intervention passed positive evidence chinese communist units entered korea november chinese initiated massive attack united states battalion virtually tore shattering united states cavalry chinese abruptly broke contact withdrew macarthur reaction events demonstrates difficult stubbornly entrenched yield facts chinese estimate total chinese strength korea fact october chinese deployed utmost secrecy short distances american forces strike crossed yalu wake island meeting truman macarthur chinese troops macarthur deemed impossible moved night forced marches employed local guides porters barren hostile terrain north korean hills advantage launched assault macarthur unsuspecting army chinese temporarily withdrew macarthur immediately ascribed turn events heavy casualties enemy sustained chinese needed rest macarthur view golden opportunity hand victorious american drive yalu
exponent vietnamese nationalism ho chi minh deal persuasive words observer white suits fluent french clumsy vietnamese corpulent fondness french cooking contrasted sharply ho wispy frame plain clothes black khaki ho commitment communism equally clear founding member french communist party voting communist wing socialists worked french communists europe bernard fall dedicated communist vietnamese reactions basic point american perception nationalism communism regarded mutually exclusive nationalist communist ho chi minh mind communism nationalism intertwined virtually inseparable peculiar mixture ho chi minh symbolic north vietnam charles de symbolic republic france ho relations china concerned wide gap american image facts ho chi minh suspicious china fall words equipped instinctive vietnamese fear chinese domination matter political coloration russian germany slightly suspect policy essentially balance maintaining independence integrity movement china soviet union accepting aid safely accepted chinese aid ho chi minh times considerable decisive
step escalation reached february february vietcong staged night raid american barracks killing americans wounding twelve hours later american jets attacked north vietnam uninterrupted series daily air attacks north south marines introduced ground war rapidly americanized united states fighting units frequently suffering higher rates south vietnamese allies national liberation front responded events harsh point manifesto march refused enter negotiations american troops withdrawn weeks later hanoi published point program rule possibility negotiations mid united states stopped bombing north days talks ensued air attacks resumed february president johnson met south vietnamese leader air marshal honolulu underlined solidarity aggression north mid johnson announced guerrilla infiltration north increased alarming rate american retaliatory action june united states bombed north vietnamese capital hanoi largest port haiphong south american manpower risen evidence policy strategic persuasion deterred hanoi regime sending guerrillas south national liberation front attempting infiltrate countryside war escalated violent bursts decisive change occurred balance power main belligerents
china policy jimmy carter essence continuation policy henry kissinger late intense displeasure soviet leadership carter formally recognized republic china chinese regime taiwan playing china card russians tractable strategic arms limitation treaty president opinion american businessmen clamoring sell products billion customers chinese side teng ping chinese strong abandoned mao tung revolutionary ideology set china course industrialization modernization america enemy suddenly model visit united states early teng emphasized need china america stand threat soviet hegemony shortly afterward china invaded pro soviet vietnam order give bloody nose nation tried dismember china cambodia china soviet union waged limited war proxy united states observed scrupulous neutrality clearly kissinger triangular policy fashion american friendship moscow soviet american detente peking decade earlier united states lady triangle soviet american relations cooled wake soviet invasion afghanistan american relations cordial united states defense secretary harold brown visited china posed photographers standing chinese tank united states began coordinate containment strategy soviet union china chinese leadership turn began talk china de facto member western alliance system
prolonged debate house upset russian minister de suggested point emperor offer alaska united states gift order shame americans paying alexander ii vetoed suggestion de hired prominent lobbyists washington house pass appropriation bribery congressmen involved finally won seward combination factors congressmen reluctant haul glory alaska congressmen william indiana stated flag waves proudly palsied hand dare remove flag remain seward educational campaign alaska potential economic wealth deep impression house finally legend russian fleet cast powerful spell congressmen reluctant vote true friend america appropriation alaska purchase passed house july vote deal consummated bitter aftertaste americans believed paid full debt gratitude russian fleet minister de hand unnerved congressional debate requested czar assignment order breathe purer atmosphere washington passed alaska course increasingly apparent americans began read past mood moment feeling gratitude czar apparent generosity developed
facts known retrospect prince lvov government wealthy landowners strongly aristocratic tastes majority population peasants experience government harbored bitter resentments landholding classes political situation russia spring ripe democratic government america wish inspired thought march united states declare war germany help safe democracy embarrassing say allied czarist autocracy crusade russian revolution providential removed embarrassing czar wilson war message view americans reinstated russian fellow belligerents democratic german kaiser central powers russia democratic nation formidable military ally american mind democracy russia continuing war inextricably linked march revolution destined bear bitter fruit real nature revolutionary process russia began reveal american ambassador provisional government sixty grain merchant missouri david francis francis completely touch realities russia glowing reports prospects government june wilson dispatched root conservative wealthy elder statesman mission russia root encourage russians fight germany walking siberian village june root stated firm believer democracy filth
soviet side cliche ridden perceptions united states vied dictates peculiar official statements emanated soviet union failed invoke usual epithets referring united states american ruling classes variously imperialists wall street sharks oppressors plunderers criminals hand soviets wanted american capital provided favorable terms wanted trade order import goods russia desperately needed wanted diplomatic recognition order facilitate extension credits developments soviet american trade amazingly paradoxically prestige community capitalist states curious ambivalence typical soviet government attitude lenin stalin say united states consistently worked fact demanded diplomatic recognition regime vowed utterly destroy negative perceptions objective needs diplomatic relations persisted resulting attitude soviet government matter recognition captured george kennan paraphrase soviet policy united states despise consider swept earth government physically destroyed individuals reserve private official capacities bring publicly power detach loyalty confidence armed forces downfall favor communist dictatorship
ussr looked ominous foreshadowed incorporation west germany nato alliance effort forestall development soviet union offered consider concessions issue german reunification march accepted american demand guarantee democratic rights germans dramatic reversal earlier stand soviet union offered allow germany independent armed force sufficient requirements national defense subsequent note april accepted principle free german elections subject supervision commission representatives powers vital part settlement germany pledge join alliance directed member hitler coalition course meant nato soviets maintained directly american distrust firmly entrenched conviction hostile soviet intent proposal fraught dangers compared proposed united states declared soviet proposal limited german national forces step backward search peaceful cooperation reunified germany military coalitions acceptable american eyes ussr attempt absorb germany german resources nato seriously weakened united states responded german government free join alliance objectives compatible principles united nations stalin death march soviet gestures accommodation seen merely cunning tactic words general alfred supreme allied commander confidence game
basic thesis chapter threefold proposition crisis entered acute phase october leadership superpower lost hold reality president kennedy convinced soviet union attempt place offensive missiles cuba premier khrushchev convinced united states forceful action words leaders permitted desires control perceptions kennedy perceived soviet leader prudent rational respectful status quo khrushchev perceived american president weak lacking determination equally important leaders managed gain clearer realistic perception heat thirteen days kennedy learned khrushchev irrational capable taking dangerous risks holding invalid assumptions america vital interests khrushchev learned kennedy apparently lacking resolve berlin wall bay pigs episodes earlier capable taking forceful determined stand cuba october important leaders corrected perceptions conform closely reality based policy decisions realistic appraisal ability sides saved humanity nuclear destruction evidence president kennedy top aides prepared possibility soviet offensive missiles cuba robert kennedy reaction group assembled president october shortly missiles discovered dominant feeling meeting stunned surprise expected anticipated russians deploy surface surface ballistic missiles cuba
withdrawal soviet advisers china complete rupture inter party relations states russian intercourse continued marked unremitting hostility affected inter negotiations states continued harbor extreme distrust regard intentions regarded communist successful developing natural resources natural power position proximity claim ideological leadership continuing tension states sees desirous making explicit adversary limited capacity influence communist developing nations prc sees russian military capabilities primarily oriented china soviet leadership sees developing chinese nuclear capability directed foremost soviet union proletarian cultural revolution china marked sense culmination period hostility countries dating original split extreme reaction evinced prc leadership socioeconomic wrought domestic struggles constituted dramatic vindication soviet leadership position nature adversary fact continuation strident chinese charges russian leadership reflecting awareness increased national vulnerability period divisiveness general upheaval force prc position greatly diminished blatant disregard foreign relations image general china turned apparent coming chinese political system sorts reached despite ending charges
korean war watershed american relations american side marked death image china heroic underdog birth image hostile menacing power reckoned chinese communists turn learned perceive united states archenemy bent destruction crucial perception sides korean war doubt enemy intent general macarthur firmly believed chinese communists intervene korea perceived soldier liberation army perceived defeated chinese nationalist considerable disdain chinese hand convinced macarthur drive yalu river stop border invade china military intervention seen recourse chinese intervention occurred macarthur image china power began play decisive role chinese north korea dealt macarthur army devastating blow american general unable accept fact chinese broke contact temporarily striking macarthur ascribed move need rest images died hard macarthur blundered trap tenacity americans held images exemplified official department declarations effect war waged chinese communist leaders knew distinction put effect battlefield soon abandoned
related psycho logic human tendency ignore conflicting evidence give weight supporting evidence decision psychologists describe phenomenon reduction cognitive dissonance simply temptation rationalize decision listening support ignoring oppose difficulty policy maker reaching decision greater tendency justify afterward president johnson justification vietnam policy decision war tendency surround advisers supported policy classic examples dissonance reduction simply put reassuring decision wise leaders reduce dissonance remain receptive encourage tend resist internal pressures consistent mental picture remain open evidence objective basis change policy policy makers transfer image automatically place careful empirical comparison americans transferred image monolithic communism europe indochina actual situation entirely images transferred past present analogies facile analogies munich hitler times american soviet chinese leaders served seductive symbols peoples necessarily realistic basis mature policy makers challenge nations distinct reality similarities past events differences diplomats remain conscious
capitalist system concerned production exchange commodities worker means production living hiring wages goes market commodity sale capacity labor power employer buys employer pays wages worker sells commodity labor power boss return wages wages determines rate wages key answer found fact worker sell commodity labor power commodity determined amount socially labor required produce worker labor power part labor power equal food clothing shelter live supply labor continue raise family words owner factory mill mine wants forty hours labor pay live bring children capable taking place dies workers return labor power subsistence wages countries enable buy radio electric refrigerator ticket movies occasionally economic law workers wages tend merely subsistence wages mean political trade union action workers useless
insecurity unemployment starvation end depression recession mid left scars tony saw grown working job cry office afraid losing house marriage breaking late alfred laid job laborer york city parks department lived fear social psychic disintegration twenty unsuccessful job interviews afraid job worries constantly hours laid weighed pounds weigh months job hunting left nervous trembling fingers beginnings facial tic feels disintegrate wife york times november reprinted edwards al marginal existence working obvious ways terkel told depression eliminated visits dentist lost money today late medicaid instituted york thousands eligible assistance barely poverty dentists fix teeth left care working class incomes simply afford dental care rubin pain working class family describes working class families san area early book based extensive interviews wives husbands fifty working class families comparison interviews twenty professional couples
classes exist engineers professionals factory managers directors party officials earn enjoy material comforts workers power distributed unevenly bureaucracy controls goods produced sweezy concluded soviet union industrial power high level popular education vast trained intelligentsia working class access political power barred form organization influence conditions methods working class advanced european capitalist countries inequalities perpetuated family fact child bureaucrat typically education child worker peasant children bureaucrats grow qualify members ruling class cuba china albania greater progress reducing inequalities income steps eliminate power prestige hierarchies important struggle eliminate material incentives hard productive socialize benefit society enjoyment chapter movement moral incentives highly uneven progress zimbalist ehrenreich cultural revolution china chapter effort completely successful bring real power hands enable struggle gain power easily possess move workers control book important ways eliminate destructive effects society give dignity confidence
service provide help needs defined clients mpa clearly fits description mpa organized patients recognized needs met existing mental health system believe service founded clients criterion met service formulated input clients needs predefined clients fit structure order benefit service mpa needs continually presented organization grown response needs experiments tried successful point rural residence words member farm support community help group distance mpa prevented development kind support coordinators residents needed gave idea fresh air country magic curative effect group free change response needs master plan fulfill flaws recognized dealt bureaucracy defend unsuccessful plan ideas fail succeed based participation service completely voluntary mpa meets standard completely initial contact drop center prospective member residences hospital social worker makes inquiry prospective resident makes arrangements place person mpa involved compulsory activity control matter told
capitalism addition exploitation labor profit problems finding dangers bodies destruction mind removal thought creativity daily labors alienation general condition capitalism alienation meant mode experience person experiences alien estranged marx system alienation called condition act alien power standing ruled fromm pp alienation results loss control product labor tell labor profit product labor alien philosophers sociologists debated workers alienated questioned marxist claim find jobs destructive degrading sociologists concluded happy jobs summarized surveys workers attitudes western industrial societies eighth workers report dissatisfaction jobs summarizes recent survey recent test alienation hypothesis contained results survey research center poll representative sample american adults quality lives campbell al
socialism guarantee workers control soviet union east european socialist societies workday workplace resemble united states capitalistic societies sure material improvements elimination exploitation conceive direct braverman ch yanowitch ch cuba trials errors committed real liberation workers gradually managers powerful lifestyle resembles workers workers gaining confidence controls boring jobs eliminated shared zeitlin zimbalist american cuba early visited cigar factory havana constant meeting topic arrangements forthcoming week shutdown paid vacation period course continued workers left posts forward microphone points dollars sense february yugoslavia committed formal workers control early widely known effort workers control jenkins summarizes essential features key instrument worker control workers council exist enterprise companies employing persons employees members larger companies members directly elected employees vote principle council holds formal power approves important management decisions appoints management personnel sets salary scales decides hiring firing establishes capital investment programs carries term planning general runs company
exploring issues important clear destruction community writers attribute impersonal force technology industrialization stein writes trend increased interdependence decreased local autonomy leisure recreation innovation centralized trend seen impersonal capitalists capitalist institutions increase control profit centralization stein gallaher iwanska china decentralization local control rule burchett alley creation central places factories removed neighborhoods dictated technological necessity beginning industrial revolution cottage workers brought factories skilled jobs immediately divided skilled tasks arranged sequentially sequential arrangement efficient machinery foreman pace worker line automatically bound pace matter historical fact machinery early factories developed division labor established destruction skills actually preceded invention modern industrial machinery machinery created later specifically suit arrangement production means universal eternal efficient garson beginning capitalism present communities destroyed impersonal forces decisions capitalist groups institutions main motive control profit united states history shows series deliberate government policies caused deterioration community
margaret mead showed biological inheritance society women nurturing gentle nonaggressive women aggressive competitive society roles reversed women productive assertive concerned appearance gossiping discussed women including hard physical labor greek peasant society agricultural labor women societies today united states societies women physically demanding look women fact history lead conclusion women biologically incapable society assumption weakness social weakness physical weakness oppresses women mitchell deny differences women aware exactly differences women social inequalities unequal treatment biology daughter physically stronger boys age twenty weaker age biology socialization sixteen ehrenreich english point issue need occupational health hazards specific women actual emotional patterns accompanying menstruation pregnancy potential hazards contraceptive methods areas distorted medicine concern understand biology purposes lose sight fact biology oppresses social system based sex class domination
working women national association office workers pioneer workplace change breaking ground women movement acting improve quality working nation million women office workers roots meeting ten women downtown boston nearly ago gathering women discovered experiences common employed banks insurance companies universities office environment denied women satisfaction basic needs adequate pay job security women consistently frustrated attainment esteem job women decided reach office workers change conditions employment working women movement today born later original office workers groups established firm local identities demonstrated ability win stronger enforcement discrimination laws change unfair employment practices raise issues public working women sponsored organizations boston cleveland san francisco helps establish groups women office workers training staff produces resource materials counsels groups site working women coordinates regional campaigns end discrimination directs national events conducts programs public outreach today working women members forty states affiliated groups dozen cities acting lasting lives working women organization women organization clout makings major national movement scored significant achievements especially considers according cassidy director members couldn decide worthwhile charge dues recruit members
beef cattle grazed ready slaughter kind grass corn fed determined taste tenderness roasts steaks eventually reached dinner table grazing exists replaced chemical hormone stimulation enable cattle stuffed twenty pounds feed daily fattening commercial beef takes place commercial feedlots ownership concentrated element food industry browning pp think dangers degradation heap living things chicken cattle born live killed indoors confined quarters outdoors produced cars assembly line style transform living beings commodities depriving contact think treatment affects degrade environmental pollution leads health dangers united states industry introduces chemicals testing effects health environment environmental protection agency considered chemicals dangerous tested course effects estimated percent cancers caused environmental factors nitrate found chemical fertilizers underground waters study illinois showed months nitrate levels water increased female infant mortality births jacobs huebner commoner
metropolitan edison utility brought mile island disaster seeking thousands gallons radioactive waste water pennsylvania susquehanna river juncture court order stands clean drinking water supply deadly contamination court order movement international antinuclear movement june thousands separated oceans cultures descended nuclear plants utility offices demand end nuclear murder demonstrators tactics varied backgrounds parachuted sites left calling cards black coffins utility company doors scaled fences climbed cranes occupied plant sites blocked entrances roads nonviolent civil disobedience fought cops protests part international demonstration days atomic energy internationally coordinated action linking dangers commercial nuclear power vast arsenals nuclear weaponry miami tulsa dallas texas demonstrations marches occupations took place states thousands protesters mothers fathers young children rank file unionists carted buses local jail countless thousands participated international protests dramatic antinuclear movement involves millions country rex friend alliance oklahoma city told guardian june activists country looking june protests means proving nuclear industry government protest washington fluke militants intend continue organizing expanding local communities
recently learned unusually high rates cancer illnesses found utah exposed radiation nevada testing grounds nuclear weapons united states soldiers hiroshima nagasaki bomb explosions testing residents area died alarming rates recent study published england journal medicine examined incidence leukemia deaths children born southern half utah testing going concluded times leukemia induced deaths sample children living area born tests united states soldiers exposed radiation japan poor health indisputable evidence marines participated nagasaki cleanup operations later fell victim extraordinary high incidence bone marrow cancers blood disorders located spent nagasaki strikingly similar ailments occurred hodge quigley gender crews suffered severe lung ailments times requiring surgery cases causing chronic breathing problems beginning decades ago constant intestinal attacks months leaving nagasaki term realities hodge quigley gender crews experienced persistent problems legs pronounced pattern unusual chronic weeping skin sores suffered hodge quigley gender solomon pp nuclear power presents dangers stage mining uranium processing disposing nuclear waste radiation nuclear byproducts safe storage method found face enormous health danger
according szymanski suffering lead revolution suffer natural environment poor exploitative society exploitation natural destined rise change conditions suffer exploited conditions plenty possibility plenty conscious exploitation unnecessary avoidable condition revolution arises need suffer begin struggle end suffering struggle collective planned term succeed equally important precondition revolution according szymanski political social economic crisis calls question ability ruling class rule conditions ruling class split begins lose ability rule society precondition revolution important understand preconditions exist capitalism fade internal contradictions revolutionary party exist lead struggle ruling class inequality exploitation existed united states decades crises existed depression recent living crisis times socialist parties begun grow presence known close taking power ruling class previous crises fundamental socialist parties strong committed resourceful ruling class able determined outlast crisis
vietnam war height project production war newsletter weekly war bulletin handed saturday supermarkets laundromats response generally sympathetic met local bulletin looked ways organize directly material conditions lives housing obvious answer glance situation acute shortage apartments worsening conditions higher rents replacement homeowners speculators urban renewal gentrification expense working class residents clear system housing profit disaster influenced half dozen tenants organizations boston area founded student leftists mobilizing defend rent control legislation block evictions promote rent strikes efforts yielded respectable results tenant unions formed rent increases defeated repairs won evictions stopped cases group local activists helped organize human blockades prevent eviction woman demolition house violent harassment puerto rican families white neighbors dramatic important increased awareness community tenants rights working class policies city federal government local banks tenants committee door knocking buildings owned targetted slumlords tenants touch help calls month hear friends community news radio ads
invasion cambodia vietnam reality difficult assess means clear shows conflict turmoil socialist areas soviet union engaged actions mixed potential hand cooperation cuba aided angola liberation forces liberation movements clear motives mixed engaged form imperialism actions chinese leaders abhorrent times principle opposing soviet union china sided repressive regimes chile zaire places revolutionary potential actions spreading rebelling continued increasing suffering imposed imperialism ruling classes events china cambodia africa conflicts socialist countries changing relationships socialist capitalist countries complicate immensely ability understand happening times throw hands hopelessness clear abroad changing moving straight uncomplicated paths struggle understand change events affect united states starving millions face physical suffering suffer ways insecurity domination exploitation things worsening written book order help understand crisis undergoing helped begin think critically glimpse accomplished goal
arguments human geography social science part humanities decades likely continue apparent proceed generally tend agree comment preston james eminent geographer geography pursued inductively deductively pursued art science important pursued honest scholarship results pursuit communicated james vote today members association american geographers majority say human geography social science concerned primarily geographic patterns earth surface explanations patterns rely heavily scientific method solve geographic problems statistics mathematics gained seat maps tools geographic research geography borrows heavily social sciences especially economics sociology anthropology suppose wish explain location steel production united states need needed production steel costs getting raw materials locations labor management costs steel consumed words need demand steel costs supplying demand geographer rely heavily ideas concepts economics heart humanities find academic fare philosophy literature history arts focus primarily human thoughts acts geographers today growing concern humanistic perspective apparent number geographers professing concern small
plague introduced trading city caffa crimea army invading mongol prince spread constantinople spring quickly spread greece mediterranean islands october reached sicily passed naples genoa marseilles end established southern italy spain france early june paris fall england ireland later germany netherlands succumbed europe including dependencies iceland greenland grip black death exact disease bacillus recognized highly fatal forms disease form primarily attacks lungs form brings death poisoning blood bubonic form produces swelling lymph glands fleas primarily black rats rodents carry disease transmit humans fatal days produces agonizing pain high fever prostration dark blotches resulting skin hemorrhages estimates percent contracted disease died agony days according study william medical profession helpless difficult imagine growing terror watched inexorable advance disease community demographic impact high mortality varied place place small communities experienced total milan escaped entirely
preceding chapter principal population theories discussed historical development chapter examine theories occurred original formulation noted previously works thomas robert malthus tremendous influence ideas concerning nature impact population growth neo believe despite promises science rapidly rising population face dire consequences growth checked neo generally agree ideas malthus exception malthus opposition birth control strongly support concept family planning support programs apply broad range modern innovations reduce population growth rates large scale implementation family planning programs typical approach neo malthusian point view forcefully expressed robert mcnamara president bank address delivered university notre dame mcnamara favor giving technical financial assistance nations official family planning program stated population problem destroy humankind future family planning instituted large scale mcnamara believed signs impending crisis evident half hungry including millions malnourished children irreversible brain damage despondent masses huddle degrading conditions slums short widespread misery predicted malthus demographic transition model based historical patterns vital rates western europe relevant experience western europe rest figure represents demographic transition model applied parts today
fertility canada closely united states pattern century higher levels mid countries fertility declined slowly half century quickly decade crude birth rates reached lows equaled fertility increased peak began decline current low levels recent low crude birth rates prevail depending specific reasons women children clear today choosing smaller families merely postponing births later ages crude death rate reached thousand quebec high decade mortality catholics dropped percent decrease century earlier crude death rate canada dropped thousand fell nearly percent thousand obviously canada united states experienced transition greatly altered canadian mortality centuries mortality declines occurred entire canadian population male mortality remained female mortality declined slowly differential mortality experiences sexes shows average expectancy females increased males increased figure infant mortality number deaths infants ages births fallen dramatically century
considering development cultural systems finding precise point origin space major system nearly impossible reasonable approximations locations cultural difficult pinpoint development cultural systems result evolutionary processes length involved piece piece nature development material basis culture overemphasized difficult say precisely specific events occurred mose certainly fundamental components development culture process modernization called tripod culture fire tools systematic communication cornerstone origins technology resulting development cultural systems shape capture fire professor carl argued successfully fire consistent basis lived area fairly regular source geothermal heat repeated capture fire random lightning strikes natural fires unlikely master retrieval fire powerful tool fire provided defense night extended provided fireside surely took place exchange ideas information offered method driving game clearing land expanded range human diet capture fire allowed human beings expand habitat difficult physical environments device refining earliest tools application technology environmental alteration fire drive animals
technological development eventually freed builders constraints local materials architectural innovations column arch development elevator past combined progression wood stone concrete metals building materials expanded range building structures reflective environmental attitudes need consider architectural history america century find examples phenomenon late part century demand structures single houses huge buildings unique appearance harmony environment uniqueness appearance instances evidenced american suburbs concern environmental aspects building developing regions united states examples trend found attempts bring landscaping harmony local climatic conditions low maintenance vegetation requiring water designs home insulation preserve energy larger building projects difference attitudes construction shifted size uniqueness important attribute pyramid san francisco evidence marin county civic center located north san francisco san rafael california civic center marin county california designed frank lloyd wright constructed structure referred beautiful spectacular public buildings civic center feet length floor space qualify major structure wright designed building nature mind entire complex blends subtly countryside
cohesive nature function forces tend disrupt cohesion counterbalanced forces pull strengthen disruptive weakening forces called centrifugal forces result physical cultural characteristics physical attributes size shape topography divisive hindering transportation communication divisive cultural factors religion language french language spoken primarily quebec centrifugal force canada minority groups powerful organized tribal groups tremendous internal stresses tribalism divisive cultural centrifugal forces feel greater loyalty tribe problems ensue tribal conflict war nigeria mid conflict virtually destroy centripetal forces counteract centrifugal forces tend unify centripetal forces weaker centrifugal forces strong centripetal forces bind principal centripetal force outlined earlier unifying idea raison etre reason existing boundaries give specific size shape important consequences political administrative organization approximately sovereign states range size soviet union square kilometers million square miles vatican city quarter square mile largest approximately million times larger smallest average size square kilometers
passing colonial empires form colonialism neocolonialism evolved term neocolonialism misnomer refer form political control term suggest development maintenance military cultural economic control achieved sovereignty military neocolonialism refers military dependence colonial states states rely western soviet bloc nations chinese military assistance tied states supply arms dependence colonies economic assistance wealthy states referred economic neocolonialism wealthy states primarily europe united states vast investments influence economic decisions colonies type neocolonialism cultural neocolonialism refers primarily dominance european culture occupied territory cultural dominance result strong hold colonial powers formal education leaders newly independent states educated european schools children current ruling elites educated united states europe neocolonialism subtle form control difficult identify analyze evident principal means organizing political groups development economic interdependence states development modern transportation communication systems highlighted common interests states common interests led conflict cooperation international affairs organization states groups generally forms
quality environment quantity resources produced conflict production oil shale coal requires extensive strip mining increasing food supply sea harvesting poses potential loss species sea animals examples dichotomy environment economy estimates future resources regardless source question economic environmental costs resource production claimed money monumental environmental sacrifice production coal virtually infinite unrealistic estimate assessment resource availability consider anticipated needs future environmental economic costs production population factors interrelations components question offer opportunity systems approach problem analysis estimates need cost fossil fuels early proven generally inaccurate mainly unforeseen events impossible equation systems dynamics economics politics developments technology discovery resources range predicting difficult forecast mid middle eastern nations control oil reserves economic cultural solidarity able dictate policy impact virtually nation rise opec organization petroleum exporting countries literally altered distribution wealth short dollars accumulated unprecedented rates change political leadership nation iran led interaction cultural systems number economic consequences especially united states
energy essential component efficient functioning ecosystem sources energy important energy transformed living organisms ecosystem organized maximize energy referred trophic structure ecosystem trophic structure mechanism binds population groups ecosystem ecologists concerned methods energy enters ecosystem ways transformed system sun ultimate source energy processes supplies equivalent billion tons coal energy reflected clouds dust particles scattered space trophic structure ecosystem determines pathways energy funneled structure composed separate groups organisms obtain food general groups called trophic level animals obtain energy eating grass grasshoppers cattle meadow mice included trophic level trophic structures trophic levels organic materials energy flow simple trophic structure figure include grass cattle humans referred food chain simple mechanism efficient producing large amount living organisms unit area biomass small amount energy input longer food chain greater loss energy trophic levels shorter food chains efficient produce biomass unit energy input generalized model trophic structure figure depicts trophic levels autotroph herbivore primary secondary
early morning july earthquake struck province china populous regions tremor measured richter scale powerful alaska quake tremor measuring occurred sixteen hours later province includes cities beijing peking million tianjin tientsin million million beijing earth shuddered older buildings cracked crumbled fortunately died days quake fearing shocks moved city parks streets port city tianjin suffered extensive damage according australian prime minister gough city absolutely terrifying building grinding bucking crawling darkness digging rubble facades buildings carroll toll terms property took place city epicenter quake places earth actually rent places craters formed ground caved important industrial center rail locomotives diesel engines types heavy machinery produced china largest single coal producer accounting percent nation production foreign observers quake devastation city comparable hiroshima atomic bomb according visiting french friendship delegation city percent ruined final death toll quake revealed chinese government reliable sources estimate approximately lost lives
rice widespread grain grown intensive subsistence farmers reasons produces food acre grain corn keeps humid climates wet dry rice cultivation practiced wet rice cultivation important yields wet rice conditions reach pounds acre annually despite importance major food crop east wet rice cultivation occupies small area according loomis dominance crop region result combination ecological economic factors including environmental adaptation yield reliability farm management practices rice adapts wide range soils environmental conditions requires high temperatures growing season sufficient excessive moisture requirements restrict cultivation wet rice major restriction need submerged gradually moving water fourths growing period restricts flatlands rivers griggs result wet rice cultivation occurs deltas lower portions rivers examples include mekong irrawaddy wet rice farming generally occurs small farms scattered small plots family entire labor supply high population densities sustained wet rice producing regions maximum densities parts ganges delta lower densities recently settled mekong irrawaddy deltas importance rice developing countries paramount developed countries united states produces significant amount rice production methods differ considerably east
employment categories determine economic classification cities early studies city classification strict numerical limit define manufacturing city transport city harris percent force involved manufacturing threshold definition manufacturing city city determined retail city percent labor force found retailing operations figure classification cities academic exercise knowledge relative importance basic industries city tool planning impact assessment manufacturing industry decline estimate effects decline specific cities urban regions location economic activities cities traditionally function land costs linkages routes interaction commercial establishments lines linkages occur comprised communication transportation systems distance main determinant cost moving goods services linkage path industries find advantageous cluster groups similar industries share costs specialized goods services electronics industry cities colorado springs houston san jose cities large groupings electronics firms found small areas manner companies producing equipment developing related technology clustering minimizes distance materials assembled finished products travel turn reduces costs manufacturing distributing commodity aspect process economic land segregation attraction industries competitive industries
peter muller term outer city describe suburban america suburb dynamic part contemporary american urban mosaic suburbia stereotyped middle upper social economic classes generally assumed suburban resident commuted central city suburbs late moved traditional stereotypes truly outer cities metropolitan region key understanding contemporary suburb understand extremely rapid growth war ii say suburbs diverse function prior war widespread transition suburbs urban places occur important elements urbanization suburbs rapid growth population national scale war ii increased birth rate coupled previous waves immigration acted sharp jump population united states tendency urban areas war continuation historical trend migration urban areas united states response employment availability urban migration greatly accelerated war ii released military service sought employment urban areas decade end war pattern rapid growth fringe areas cities occurred trend suburban settlement largely result desire increased dwelling space lifestyle freedom perceived urban problems
size city influence number goods services smallest cities basic selection activities larger city enterprises small city present additional features progression continues largest city reached extensive city region attributes cities unique characteristics introduced factors account phenomenon cities exist hierarchies recall discussion rank size rule preceding chapter large cities exist top numerous smaller cities bottom pyramid urban places basic premise travel distance range obtain goods services travel distance purchase special item need bread milk willing travel attraction places result variety goods services principle theory threshold minimum number required place provide goods services city comprised gasoline service station small food store require large population threshold activities simply demand numbers customers order exist automobile dealership selling exotic expensive type automobile require greater number region order viable means hierarchy urban places service station food store combination found cities automobile dealer located larger cities
victorious union government reflection decisions thousands destitute whites negroes fed range plans rebuilding southern economy drafted kind government established confederate states preserve order direct restoration score intricate questions answered defeated southerners punished pardoned genuinely loyal southern unionists rewarded social economic political status free negroes civil rights ballot freehold property reconstruction controlled national government southern states salvation federal government supervised process president congress control intricate problems early april insuperable president abraham lincoln winning peace won war careful detail reconstruction hands unwilling committed exclusive inflexible plan working pragmatic program restoration entirely satisfactory group reasonably acceptable sections auspicious beginnings saddest stories american history reconciliation sections imminent delayed ten
clearly presence carpetbaggers scalawags negroes radical governments sufficient explanation appearance corruption south affected forces affecting rest country doubt important forces social disorganization accompanied civil war hit defeated demoralized south severity frantic economic expansion postwar period american economy dominated group extraordinarily talented irresponsible undisciplined business leaders entrepreneurs flexible standards public morality provided unfortunate model politicians southern democrats able resist corrupting forces postwar decade remained power means ruling class vulnerable temptations gilded age record johnson governments spotty louisiana conservative government created lincoln johnson wasted deal public money mississippi treasurer johnson government surpassed record thief radical government merton coulter discovered era reconstruction democratic officeholders financial characteristics radicals took advantage openings found quotes georgia editor claimed extravagance corruption democrats republicans notes democratic administration alabama lack honesty differed administrations radicals sandwiched
general daily housework consumed woman energy prairie housewife put hours cooking cleaning sewing laundering gardening limited supplies mechanical conveniences required diligence ingenuity simplest chores rearing family task worthy effort woman deny maintained harriet adams difficulties present largely due artificial conditions luxuries mother guiding household necessities bulk labors thinking things mother forcibly mind things plumbing description lessened steps electricity unknown house occupied heated furnace preparation family meals food supplies took large portion working ready supplies families isolated separate homesteads general trading stores eventually opened limited quantity variety stock settlers chronic shortage funds reduced buying power result working mother resorted skills ingenuity produce basic food staples provisioning large household continued harriet adams required constant attention foresight fruit obtained preserved dried canned
late weyler succeeded crushing insurrection measures severe october issued famous order directing reconcentration del rio garrison towns forbidding export supplies towns countryside reasoning suppress rebellion rebels draw secret assistance fields weyler moved estates towns stripped countryside supplies starve rebellion fled towns policy drastic appeared suffering produced policy undeniable lacking proper hygienic care thousands cubans especially women children died flies william mckinley entered white house intention joining war hawks office knowledge lay power avert terrible calamity mckinley told grover cleveland eve inauguration happiest mckinley power advance agent prosperity business interests unanimous opposing agitation cuban question lead war contrary assumptions leninist historians wall street resisted war bring america overseas empire
reveals bryan fine personal qualities support wilson princeton professor opposed commoner called cross gold speech ridiculous publicly demanded bryan wing utterly driven democratic counsels late refused platform bryan bryan charming lovable personally foolish dangerous theoretical beliefs campaign refused allow bryan deliver campaign speech princeton campus wilson liberal longer opposed bryan policies bryan lesser forgiven repeated criticisms concerned wilson liberalism personal matters despite publication letter wilson expressed wish knock bryan cocked hat shrugged cocked hat letter wilson paid handsome public tribute friends campaign bryan campaigned vigorously wilson making hundred speeches period weeks wilson won easy victory november bryan reacted trace envy bitterness triumph declared let democratic heart rejoice months later speech chicago sanguine express regret reach presidency
campaign wilson chief rival theodore roosevelt country spirited enlightening debate nature future progressivism roosevelt program known nationalism called vigorous action federal government regulate national economy interest demanded variety laws protect favored classes american especially workers farmers roosevelt condemn big business thought efficient small business proposed control extent protect public interest private monopoly suitably regulated instances desirable event inevitable conceded wilson hand fundamentally states rights democrat feared excessive governmental power committed progressive ideal social justice considered laws aid farmers workers wrong principle tariffs subsidies business roosevelt proposal regulate big business powerful trade commission wilson merely move legalize perpetuate monopoly aided counsel louis brandeis leading progressive lawyer student trust problem wilson argued monopoly special privilege destroyed nation prosper effective political democracy economic democracy warned situation required roosevelt paternalism return truly free enterprise freedom
sex delicate matter addressed directly ford conveyed opinions discussion music dancing aspects american worried evils jazz music clashed squarely bible belt morality ford struck anger waves waves musical slush invaded decent parlors set young generation imitating drivel organized blamed musical mush slush sly suggestion abandoned sliding notes declared dearborn independent jewish origin problem obviously musical sexual loosening morals appalled ford expressed feelings reference jazz monkey talk jungle squeals grunts squeaks gasps suggestive cave love camouflaged feverish notes ford bring call thing appeared song titles room sugar baby pointing jewish origin tunes irving berlin frequent target attacks ford called countrymen crush serpent midst reform dancing fitted nicely ford campaign elevate nation morals oldtime standards interest began collection traditional folk dances scores fiddlers invited dearborn play zip coon arkansas traveler ford delight wholesome historical manifested concern social dancing publishing guidebook entitled morning sleep twenty fashioned dancing revised mrs henry ford book endeavored revive fashioned morality
raymond moley tells instructive story roosevelt relations hoover interim roosevelt election inauguration conference arranged discuss continuity policy vexing question foreign debts roosevelt ill informed facts brought moley ballast carried set cards hand reminders questions wanted put hoover hoover talked revealing mastery facets question profoundly professor moley contrast information manner hoover plainly disconcerted meeting beaten campaign shy ill ease eyes pattern carpet red room roosevelt relaxed informal cordial operating terra incognita trouble roosevelt admirers minds fixed image wise benevolent provident father portrayed ardent social reformer master planner critics coldly examining step step emergence measures studying supremely haphazard administered finding actually achievements opposite conclusion successes purely accidental portion number random shots likely hit target true bound true vast roosevelt personal stature roosevelt legend comes haphazard fashion necessarily accident
tractors roads fields crawlers moving insects incredible strength insects crawled ground laying track rolling picking diesel tractors puttering stood idle thundered moved settled droning roar snub nosed monsters raising dust sticking snouts straight country country fences gullies straight lines run ground hills gulches water courses fences houses sitting iron seat look gloved goggled rubber dust mask nose mouth part monster robot seat thunder cylinders sounded country air earth earth air muttered sympathetic vibration driver control straight country cutting dozen farms straight twitch controls swerve cat driver hands twitch monster built tractor monster tractor driver hands brain muscle goggled goggled mind speech goggled perception protest smell land smelled feet stamp clods feel warmth power earth sat iron seat stepped iron pedals cheer beat curse encourage extension power cheer whip curse encourage
secretary office morning reading intercepts tokyo message embassy struggling translation due arrived hull received roosevelt telephone call steady clipped voice president advised hull receive envoys look statements seen bow hull japanese standing pretended read note asked presenting document instructions government hull fixed eye say conversations months uttered word untruth fifty public service seen document crowded infamous falsehoods distortions infamous falsehoods distortions scale huge imagined today government planet capable uttering struggle words hull cut nod door president getting reports losses calling war cabinet dictating news release early later churchill telephoned prime minister sitting harriman vague report wireless japanese attacks pacific moment later butler sawyers confirmed news true heard took minutes reach white house president japan yes true attacked pearl harbor boat
hold left hand palm fingers spread rough outline shape hiroshima sea fingertips hand river comes hills north spot bomb exploded wedding ring worn south main military headquarters center residential commercial districts city major aim nearly perfect boy detonated hundred yards aiming point target chart despite fact released fast moving aircraft miles east nearly miles air dropped precision bomb performed makers predicted factors combined chance produce devastation expected explosion hiroshima thousands charcoal stoves households full hot coals breakfast cooking stove knocked massive blast wave explosion incendiary torch set fire wood paper houses addition oppenheimer estimated casualties assumption inside air raid shelters hiroshima sheltered bomb actually fell recent clear fact mischance alert gay approached city fact small formations planes flown times dropping bombs combined leave exposed
hand russia ally tremendous contribution allied victory created strong pro russian feeling united states part pro communist sentiment amount actual pro communism disgust western appeasement admiration soviet opposition axis especially spanish civil war pro communist sentiment decreased sharply american communist party european counterparts performed overnight somersaults june proclaiming capitalist imperialist war crusade freedom roosevelt wholly equated nazism communism period ribbentrop pact americans loathed totalitarian police deplored official atheism rejected marxist dogma lost sight fact hitler mussolini stalin begun war conquest soviet union emerged war strongest power europe sacrifice tremendous contribution victory roosevelt felt united states britain terms power political realities interests preserving hard won peace persuasion extension needed economic assistance hoped lighten lot east european peoples conduct war brought soviet domination churchill failed gain support preferred strategy invading continent balkans reconciled need coming terms stalin spheres influence deal respect southeastern europe
american ground operations south escalated dramatically significant numbers combat forces disposal commander william formulated strategy employ early strategy attrition major objective locate eliminate vietcong north vietnamese regular units vigorously denied motivated napoleonic impulse maneuver units hark sound cannon search destroy called reflect traditional army doctrines warfare view north vietnam decision commit large units war left choice proceed lines sufficient forces police entire country simply enemy main units pounded artillery bombs eventually brought battle ground forever remain threat enemy regulars destroyed reasoned south vietnamese government able stabilize position pacify countryside adversary choice negotiate terms acceptable united states aggressive strategy required steadily increasing commitments american manpower buildup completed general requested sufficient additional forces bring total end contrast air war retained tight control administration gave broad discretion developing executing ground strategy saw choice give troops asked
evidence widespread teen age drug parties paneled rumpus rooms affluent turned westchester county vice squad shock passed parents wasn liquor police santa catalina island southern california resort announced drunkenness common thirteen fourteen children wealthy families future charge parents hour babysit teen age drunks till parents home nationally number adolescents drank regularly put percent yonkers york percent high school juniors seniors percent drove family car parents rose valley philadelphia suburb allowed children bring bottles parties fathers wondered clarence father thought recurring news stories accounts rioting newport jazz festival fort lauderdale watering places young extent teen agers drinking surprising sense expressing social role opulence lack genuine responsibility position unemployment pool gave attributes leisure class cups youths frequently turned destructive item hannibal missouri gave evidence revision cherished american myth foot hannibal hill stands famous statue tom sawyer huckleberry finn barefoot carrying fishing poles plaque explains neighborhood tom huck played roamed
equally fatal traditional distinctions popular attitudes universal frontiers belief monetary wealth distinguished ancestry measure social eminence family determined place society west british visitor noted question father important universal refusal recognize class lines exist apparent lowest figure social totem pole saw lot temporary soon replaced affluence prestige acted stranger pioneer town spoke servants rudely reminded servants hired hands worker asked master answered master employer servant girls expected treated equals part family wrote housewife michigan frontier servant invited sit table company included invitations called miss jane miss eliza moment lost crew hard workers neglected invite breakfast family couple abandoned driver tried meal insistence confined common folk sort eager prove neighbors entitled treatment pioneer housewife dismayed seeing guest dip fork serving dishes offered serve help thank ye snapped want waitin
price theory theory theory economy theory constitute basic analytical tool kit discipline economics principles special subject areas monetary economics international trade finance public finance manpower economics agricultural economics regional economics concentration microeconomics book interpreted minimizing importance macroeconomics parts kit essential understanding economic activity microeconomics concerned economic activities individual economic units consumers resource owners business firms concerned flow goods services business firms consumers composition flow process establishing relative prices component parts flow concerned flow productive resources services resource owners business firms evaluation allocation alternative macroeconomics treats economic system treating individual economic units composed goods services making flow business firms consumers integral parts analysis individual productive resources services moving resource owners business firms flow goods net national product flow resources national income receive focus attention price index numbers general price level concepts macroeconomics replace relative price concepts individual goods microeconomics macroeconomics concentrates change aggregate money flows aggregate movement goods services general employment level resources
kidneys provide crucial function removing blood wastes unwanted chemicals secreted urine importance healthy kidney function revealed fact nature kidneys strong organs correct number malfunctions brought infections diseases dreaded cancer today late patients doomed early death saved dialysis circulating blood mechanical filter periodically commonly hour week hospital patient dialysis machines highly limited supply expensive created late hospitals physicians short run rationing problem commodities pages price allowed ration access scarce kidney machines competing patients permit dying kidney patients bid access contrary ethics hold death character competition permitted high prices earnings hospitals providing services created embarrassment riches problem hospitals profit organizations case incentives price rationing device divide receipts hospital owners managers rationing kidney machine price lines discussed pages possibility hospitals established committees physicians effectively decided live rationing scarce machine hours judgments extent subjective cases depended personality patient congenial likable
concept elasticity economic analysis rest book price elasticity demand measures responsiveness quantity demanded price service demand curve quantity highly responsive small price change price increase total expenditures decrease price decrease rise quantity demanded responsive price increase price increase total expenditures price decrease fall points importance develop length examine technical aspects elasticity measurement intuitively appears slope demand curve sufficient measure responsiveness quantity price slope small segment curve obtained observing quantity price goes amount decrease cents price potatoes bushel increase quantity slope portion curve demand curve measuring price dollars cents slope portion curve demand curve shift cents dollars measuring price drastic decrease measurement downward slope demand curve real change demand curve draw demand curve measuring price dollars quantity pecks slope segment curve
market demand curves obtained summing quantities individuals market want purchase alternative prices quantity individual demands alternative price turn dependent individual preference map budget line chain reasoning behavior preferences individual demand curves market demand curves applies commodities eggs furniture automobiles produced private sector goods services produced public sector difficult economists political scientists assess demand provided goods services owing preferences registered elections vote candidates issues voting specific candidates effect approve bundle positions politician takes course campaign elections important issue candidates divided school board elections cases electing person tantamount community decision critical issue opinion polls commonly surrogate detecting trends electoral opinion devices imperfectly assume national polling organization surveys persons want national defense answers respondents question reveal actual demands understand implications answers person left thoughts vote defense implies cuts programs desire urgently extra defense spending meaningful polling question prefer federal government spend additional billion dollars tax revenues missiles medical care poor children
demonstrate utility transfer dollar giving dollar worth half fourth bushel reduces total utility units spending dollar eighth pint increases total utility net loss units dollar transferred opposite direction net loss utility units case data confronting consumer yield neat solution suppose consumer income unit allocated give half bushel pint case total utility decreased units income half bushel increase total utility units eighth pint total utility increased units consumer seeking maximum satisfaction allocate income goods approach nearly condition marginal utility dollar worth exceeds marginal utility dollar worth purchased theory typical family suppose family budget composed items food clothing housing automobile medical care recreation education short period expenditures classifications fixed amount mortgage payments fixed monthly amount grocery bill medical expenditures thought dictated necessity choice
exchange consummated additional exchange result gain parties individual bushels pints longer willing exchange bushel pint basis loss transaction greater gain individual gain trading pints bushels trade longer attractive bushel pint basis alter terms trade bushels pints give pints bushel give units utility gain units experience unit net gain utility individual find offer attractive units utility received exchange exchange occurred gains trade parties optimum reached exchange cease individual bushels pints marginal utilities units utility individual bushels pints marginal utilities units utility unit worth units individual relative exactly gain exchange general principle underlying discussion exchange occur individuals place relative goods involved relative goods single party depend relative marginal utilities goods
advantages division specialization labor known economists general public small plant employing workers specialize workers operations readily larger plant employing small plant typical worker performs operations process producing commodity proficient addition lost changing set tools carrying operations larger plant greater specialization worker concentrating process adept specialization process eliminates lost changing set tools worker engaged single type operation develops shortcuts speed performing efficiency workers likely higher cost unit output correspondingly lower division specialization labor word warning cases carry specialization point monotony task begins counteract increases efficiency individual performance possibility lowering costs unit output mass production technology increases plant size increased place cheapest producing small output employs advanced technological methods consider production automobile hoods output hoods week large automobile presses cheapest produce hoods hammer hand cost unit comparatively high
brewing firms grew size era increased economies operation single plant owing greater economies operation firm greatest economies nationwide production sales lower advertising costs barrel shelf approximately months bottles cans gave increased incentives advertise inventories grew subject stringent regulation federal government authority cost compliance cut barrel basis increasing production industry subject federal tax flat barrel taxes averaged taxes represent single largest cost item beer percent price analysis tax incidence chapter unusual seller able shift burden taxes consumers likelihood taxes pinch smaller consistent rule makes smaller eligible remission federal alcohol taxes estimated brewing firm needed plants exhaust economies size minimize average cost firm minimum efficient size roughly million barrels annual capacity produce total million barrels firm brewed percent beer sold united states firms produced percent wit optimally sized firms supplied half market minimum run average cost
part firm curve lies curve firm short run supply curve product curve shows quantities firm place market prices price firm produce amount equals maximize profits minimize losses supply drops price market price tools determined market price emerges interactions hand suppliers discussed forces underlying market demand curve previous chapters establish market supply curve short run market supply curve commodity short step individual firm supply curve establish consider short run equilibrium entire market approximation think short run market supply curve horizontal summation short run supply curves firms market supply curve shows quantities commodity firms place market prices short run market supply curve valid resource supplies group firms market perfectly elastic resource inputs product output firms simultaneously effect resource prices return point shortly figure shows determination market price market output output representative firm industry output axis market diagram considerably compressed compared firm diagram
price wars present persistent danger industries characterized independent action part individual firms precise analytical nature seller lower price increase sales move takes customers rivals rivals retaliate vengeance price war spread industry firm trying undercut end result disastrous individual firms specific price wars varied originate interdependence sellers filling station opening locality existing attempting revive lagging sales initiating factor surplus stocks existing prices limited storage facilities touched price wars sale crude oil petroleum industry young industry sellers learned expect rivals scrambling secure established place industry inadvertently start price war maturity part industry substantially lessen likelihood price wars individual firms learned carefully avoid activities touch hostilities established price cluster prices tolerable point view profits prices believed rigid clear cut evidence case individual firms thought engage nonprice competition price rivalry order increase respective shares market profits soft drinks cigarettes cited examples mature rigid price industries
strongest forces stability opec homogeneous products sine qua non successful collusion low elasticity demand crude oil short run cost altering machinery reduce energy cost designing constructing plants produce synthetic fuels slow rate competing oil fields developed concerns western countries nuclear fuels helped opec raise price oil percent real terms opec forces thirteen member countries large number effective cartel economic interests countries diverge sharply key divisions opec group short run profit generally smaller oil reserves larger populations greater demand cash economic development purposes group consists term generally greater oil reserves smaller populations demand cash finance development group short run includes algeria indonesia iran iraq nigeria venezuela tend focus high short run demand consuming countries argue opec raise prices limit lose substitutes oil common decade run include kuwait libya saudi arabia united arab emirates group focuses mainly greater run elasticity demand argues opec generally prices levels encourage creation substitutes future difficult loose structure opec group relies rule unanimity majority viewpoints reconciled part camps agreed disagree
monopolistic competition differ greatly pure competition respect welfare effects slightly restrictive impacts industries purely competitive economy run equilibrium competitive welfare tend reduced slight restriction output slight increase prices charged product demand curve faced monopolistic competitor elastic perfectly elastic marginal revenue individual firm price rate output stopped short marginal cost equals product price elastic demand curve faced firm deviation purely competitive price output run price equal average costs production entry industry blocked entry free easy appears usual case firms enter profit making industries reduce profits consumers pay enable firms hold desired quantities resources production organization economy productive capacity follow consumers tastes preferences high degree accuracy entry profit making industries blocked consequences respect prices average costs pure monopoly oligopoly productive capacity economy organized conform accurately consumers tastes preferences additional quantities resources prohibited moving profit making industries productive alternative inefficiency individual firms run entry industry easy firm induced build efficient size plant operate build efficient rate output
type problem suppose rearmament program increases demand steel suddenly substantially partial equilibrium analysis provide answers order effects steel industry happens prices output profits demand resources resource prices resource employment levels order effects means end repercussions initial disturbance individual economic units industries seek equilibrium adjustments facts total group actions change facts face units equilibrium move equilibrium activities change facts faced units equilibrium throw general equilibrium entire economy exist economic units achieve simultaneous partial equilibrium adjustments concept general equilibrium stresses interdependence economic units segments economy hard fast line partial equilibrium analysis general equilibrium analysis difficult draw establishing dichotomy preferable think moving continuum partial general equilibrium order effects disturbance higher order effects discussing pricing output market conditions pure competition concerned partial equilibrium equilibrium individual firm extended analysis entire industry observed impact individual firm actions finally observed productive capacity organized purely competitive private enterprise economy according consumers tastes preferences series topics represents progressive movement application partial equilibrium analysis application general equilibrium analysis
linear programming problems firm faces limitations activities quantity limitations kinds inputs facilities firm automobile final assembly line turn maximum number automobiles twenty hour period firm warehouse space fixed number square feet candy factory wrap bars firm access credit restricted firm faces limited number alternative production processes process defined terms constant ratio inputs suppose process involves worker skill machine kind size production carried process increased decreased input quantity limitations reached require worker machine regardless total number machines linear programming techniques purely competitive approach prices output prices input prices assumed unaffected actions individual firm output prices firm output large small input prices regardless inputs firm sellers buyers firms thought price takers price makers linear programming techniques advantage simplicity linear relations instances linear relations found fact firm purchasing input constant price unit faces linear total resource curve input total revenue curve sale product linear product sells constant price unit curve inputs linear prices inputs
linear programming technique solving maximization problems subject side conditions constraints technique based assumptions decision making accomplished subject constraints decision making agency input output prices assumed constant firm input output output output input input relationships assumed linear problem considered maximization firm output total revenue subject constraint cost outlay firm production function firm assumed homogeneous firm limited choice processes producing output established firm area feasible solutions problem determined optimal solution found point curve touched corner firm cost outlay price inputs alter processes optimal affect level relative prices inputs result processes optimal constraints firm maximizes output quantity limitations inputs input prices determine process processes chosen general number processes required carry activities equal number constraints firm operates problem maximizing firm total rents multiple outputs produced limited facilities produce processes producing output constraints determine area feasible output solutions problem
economic theory consists building economic models sets interconnected economic relationships suppose severe freezing weather damages citrus crop agree price citrus fruits model model consists think relations demand supply price bad weather affects supply model predicts rise price kind economic model exists mind necessarily identical model formal price theory models theory clear exact foundations carefully relations variables simplifications reality models limitations theory recognizes model airplane lacks features real airplane model exhibits essentials airplane economic models stripped essentials model pricing beef include tens thousands facts beef demand price relationship model mention prefer steaks rare supply price relationship model mention ranch hands prefer jeeps horses model essential relevant relationships explain aspect prices function private enterprise economy things left models cautiously application omitted things turn crucially important model business executives act maximize profits modified applied circumstances don
government agency sets price floor commodity result nearly surplus commodity surplus called production means excess quantity supplied quantity demanded minimum price results surplus minimum price equilibrium demand supply size surplus depends gap floor equilibrium price shapes demand supply curves price floor maintained constant figure size surplus varies period period demand supply change periods equilibrium price rise floor surplus temporarily disappears minimum wage price floor wage rate price labor minimum wage equilibrium wage group workers employers want employ smaller quantity labor equilibrium higher minimum wage willing employers willing hire price floor creates surplus workers willing minimum wage word unemployment young persons absence minimum wage wage unskilled workers lower fewer want jobs unemployment surplus able willing market wage reduced course unemployment caused inadequate aggregate demand economy minimum wage discussed detail chapter price floors applied agricultural products increase farm incomes
business firm producing selling products finds marked differences product products sell markets face kinds substitutes steel products close substitute steel rails demand highly perfectly response high prices rails longer stainless steel hand close substitutes tin plate faces close competition plastics glass aluminum materials employed package beer oils paint food products business executives err beliefs elasticity critics business prices price policies key industries dominated large corporations constant public scrutiny public criticism hits elasticity course word elasticity seldom heard critics urge industry large corporation interest lower prices expand consumption consumers benefiting lower prices employees benefiting higher levels employment short demand believed elastic walter united automobile workers publicly urged automobile industry reduce prices car adding million cars sold amounted saying coefficient elasticity demand automobiles price cut percent million cars increase sales percent statistical studies demand automobiles show elasticity varies coefficient ranging
suppose budget school includes plan airline trips home decision based amount money budget satisfaction trips home fare pay trip imagine air fare reduced substantially result revise budget plan ten trips surprising happens buy plane tickets lower price effect lower price divided parts called income effect called substitution effect reduction air fare increases prices goods services budget farther puts higher level utility cut fare makes airline trips cheaper relative goods services buy substitute airline trips things plan calling ten trips increase trips due income effect substitution effect substitution effect remember lower price puts higher level utility income put level utility plans higher price suppose imagined reduction income budget buy lower price airline trips plan
characteristics food include flavor texture color calories nutrients carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals foods characteristics proportions liver highly nutritious care flavor hot dogs hand generally considered tasty fewer nutrients liver varieties apples represent bundles flavor juiciness texture nutrients storage quality macintosh apple bundle characteristics apple issue lancaster theory number goods exceeds number characteristics simple society number kinds goods likely limited consumer choice limited complex societies united states number goods exceeds number characteristics consumers easily tradeoffs characteristics varying combinations goods buy consider problem choosing goods liver hot dogs pork chops utility derived characteristics indifference curves starting drawn characteristics goods goods simplicity characteristics flavor nutrition essence lancaster says represents consumption technology producing desirable characteristics input consumer produce desirable outputs characteristics flavor nutrition simplicity assume liver hot dogs pork chops goods producing flavor nutrition suppose costs assume flavor nutrition objectively measured cardinal numbers unit produces flavor nutrition table
means adjustments pinpoint precision entrepreneurs output adjustments lumps chunks discontinuities adjustments incremental approximations marginal adjustments incremental adjustments differ degree kind marginal adjustments mean smooth curves incremental adjustments mean jagged kinked discontinuous lines maximizing denied valid premise business behavior put place possibility assumption behavior business firms thought striving profits satisfactory maximum justification assumption motives action drives actions completed drives satisfied major trouble assumption find single clear definition satisfactory profits standards profits mentioned company aim profits high attract capital provide expansion equal profits companies hand company aim profits low thwart potential competition stave government regulation frustrate pressures union higher wages standards meaningful analysis company industry period broad inquiry operation economy standards vague shifting theory oligopoly need allow profit behavior maximizing kind idea profit maximization implies entrepreneur choose sizes profits maximum course obvious choice
objective function called criterion function states determinants quantity minimized profits revenues objective function costs objective function problem calls minimized cost dual profit maximization vice versa significance duality solution firm problem minimizing costs converted mathematically solution maximizing profits start analysis beginning deep thought hard setting problem linear programming constraints called restraints limitations things things budget consumer constraint firm maximizing revenue limited constrained fact ten machines square feet floor space machine operator machine constraints known inequalities say ten fewer machines workers needed operate machine feasible solutions explored constraints established feasible solutions meet satisfy constraints feasible solutions consumer combinations commodities possibly bought consumer income prices commodities commodities feasible solutions consumer combinations goods left budget line reminder page
full blown mathematical form simplified version presented linear programming applied wide range practical business problems class problems known transportation problem firm owns plants ships product destinations plants capacities shipping costs ton vary route plant destination markets destinations sizes variables exact solution total shipping costs figured everyday methods calculation linear programmers solve problems class problems exists petroleum refining type automotive gasoline meet definite specifications knock rating gasoline produced distinct kinds oil called blending stocks linear programming shows achieve minimum cost blend gasoline applications discussed references cited end chapter frequently linear programming solutions practical problems give results close solutions practical arrive trial error linear programming analyses plans reduce costs percent trained instinct leads results yielded formal calculation trial error solution sure actually optimum achievements linear programming comes answer produced trained instinct logic linear programming prove answer fact optimum
market price dispersion prices commodity suppose fresh tomatoes sold philadelphia chicago tomatoes wholesale price place geographically separate markets illustrated figure chicago philadelphia separate markets separate demand curves vertical supply curve city represents quantity tomatoes place equilibrium price chicago labeled pch philadelphia equilibrium price chicago philadelphia trucker buy load tomatoes philadelphia sell chicago price differential greater cost transporting tomatoes pay truckers buy sell tomatoes bought philadelphia shipment chicago price philadelphia increase tomatoes philadelphia delivered chicago price tomatoes chicago fall shipment tomatoes philadelphia chicago tends narrow price gap cities process called arbitrage trucker buys market sells acting arbitrage stop price differential equal cost transportation points transportation costs small relative price price differentials cities small users tomatoes chicago buy philadelphia sell tomatoes philadelphia sell chicago price gap narrow need parties buyers sellers arbitrage
regulation fishery difficult aspects fishing activity firms find ways intent regulations aspects activity industry essentially government run system fees simple simplest form regulation limit season limiting fishing months reduces amount fishing effort applied fishing effort months intensified offset completely seasonal limit boats run days week eighteen hours larger powerful boats larger nets elaborate helicopter based fish finding gear regulation distorts mix fishing effort raises total cost fishing effect total amount effort elaborate regulations fishing effort detailing kinds boats kinds gear season hours fishing regulations prevent consumers getting benefit technological lower cost gathering catch regulations unknown oyster fishing chesapeake bay limited nonpowered boats simply limiting fishing vessels large mesh sizes clearly effort control intensity fishing effort competitive industry move downward sloping part yield curve smallest mesh size allowed obviously inefficient position effort yield fish tax pound fish caught force firm account impact fishing fishing stock
elasticity demand opec oil reflects behavior higher prices convert potential actual sources oil supply demand opec oil elastic users oil find ways shifting sources energy users discover ways energy insulation storm windows installed quickly formation smaller dense cities reduce commuting costs longer responses summarized elasticity demand opec oil problems creating cartel discussed chapter early chicken meat chicken meat consumers scanning grocer meat case distinguish birds poultry farm price differential birds case lead consumers leave higher priced low early frank grower broilers eastern maryland learned fed broilers marigold petals mash meat looked yellow grocery case chicken looked distinctly white contrast introduced yellow birds northeastern markets brand affixed addition began aggressive television advertising campaign appearing tv spots suggested yellow look chicken especially consumers bought line chicken created market power market existed strength durability market power depend quickly skillfully imitate success department justice federal trade commission enforce antitrust laws united states
electricity costly store produced power system avoid sufficient generating capacity produce kilowatt flow demanded consumers point electricity demanded rate hour electric utility simple job balancing fuel savings building expensive plants construction cost electricity demand varies moment moment course typical weekday energy demand rise low say oo daytime peak kilowatt hours required daytime peak nighttime trough specific demands vary city city depending vagaries weather individual activities basic phenomenon peaking found demands vary seasonally electricity heating seasonal demands peak coldest cooling important peak demand occurs hottest seasonal variation demand significant areas predictable variation demand means utility generating capacity peak peak peak season times utility generating capacity stands idle expense nuclear coal fired plants generate kilowatt hours low fuel costs justified operate hours kilowatt generating capacity yield expensive kilowatt hours operated hours capital costs capacity continue plant operated
demands households commodities depend networks prices network prices commodities network prices resources price networks connected actions households market total demand commodity sum demands households market demands course depend networks prices general equilibrium theory assumes firm costs exactly equal revenues firms producing commodity assumed constant returns scale production function numerical illustration chapter derives cost curve cobb douglas production function run average cost horizontal run marginal cost horizontal equal horizontal price commodity affected quantity output prices inputs affected price equal sum marginal products factors produce relationship follows theorem page constant returns scale suit clothes requires ten minutes kind labor hour fifteen minutes kind labor hour thirty seconds kind labor hour worth materials rent payment utilities cost price suit ten minutes kind labor fifteen minutes kind labor called coefficients production
movement contract curve gain utility person loss movement northeast gain loss subjective utilities compared means measuring sizes gains losses think exchange contract curve imagine person power decide stock food clothing distributed person pick point curve point curve efficient optimal called meaning efficiency person making person worse person decisions find efficient distributions select efficient distributions person person regards equitable essentials economic welfare efficiency equity seen exchange contract curve point inside box diagram combination units food clothing space inside box called commodity space points exchange contract curve show utility let move commodity space utility space movement figure figure figure horizontal axis utility vertical axis curve figure utility frontier corresponds utility space contract curve commodity space
social welfare functions commonly favored economists imply curved lines figure individual achieves higher higher levels utility relative individual additional unit utility adds total social welfare individual relative utility additional unit utility adds social welfare curved lines embody diminishing marginal social welfare social welfare function embodies diminishing marginal social welfare intermediate utilitarian straight line social welfare function pure egalitarian social welfare function collective decisions course governments government decisions reflect shifting patterns political power held interest groups power shifts collective decisions likely change unlikely actual political decisions follow consistent social welfare function impossible point social welfare function consistently depicts collective choice society societies political systems social welfare functions despite idea social welfare function continues thinking social choices economists general equilibrium analysis social welfare functions examine results policies equivalent analysis reported utilitarian diminishing marginal social welfare functions compare results economist try prove social welfare function acceptable social welfare function identify point grand utility frontier makes social welfare high resources technology economy
money place appreciate importance money economic system instructive speculate economy look words money invented sir john money thing money individuals economy devote buying want selling don words play barter economy medium exchange unit account measuring rod function money let barter economy say carpenter agree build bookcase neighbor friend happens raise chickens pays dozen eggs decide dozen dozen exchange rest week groceries find grocer short eggs remember loaf bread exchanges eggs exchanges eleven books matches boxes crayons yankee yearbook mind don things spare course items grocer shelf similar price tags tags bigger items comes money simplifies matters workers paid called money pay bills purchases medium exchange longer need price tags giving rates exchange item conceivably exchanged
story periods relative tranquillity primarily late early vietnam war ended international tensions eased slack developed economy prices continued upward aggregate demand government business consumers sense excessive demand sluggish unemployment averaged percent civilian labor force period consumer prices rose percent percent prices rise spending slow full employment labor force full capacity utilization industrial plant past war ii times prices fell impact prior inflation extent ingredients evidently entered picture drastically altered economy response mechanism ingredient economic strength labor unions american federation labor founded real power trade unions influence money wages passage wagner act related legislation half century later basis government encouragement unionism declared principle public policy expansion economy depression war boom carried enormous growth union membership ranks organized labor jumped million members million million today union rolls list million members taft hartley act corrected union abuses put dent newfound power extract wage increases excess productivity growth generating higher production costs
businessman borrows bank receives brand deposit bank bank position relative federal reserve borrows friendly neighborhood federal reserve bank receives brand deposit fed increases legal reserves ability borrow reserves discount fed means bank call loans sell securities money supply remain unchanged bank aggressive borrow reserves move excess reserve position additional loans increase money supply fed generally frowns behavior tries discourage establishing ground rules proper banks utilize discount facility general ok bank order adjust deficit reserve position ok bank borrows frequently order expand earning assets important federal reserve tries influence willingness banks borrow reserves changing interest rate charges loans discount rate lower discount rate borrowing reserves attractive banks higher discount rate attractive shortcoming discount mechanism injecting withdrawing reserves initiative borrow fed rests fed banks banks want borrow reserves need ample reserves reason borrow matter low discount rate
expansion federal funds market played significant role development bank liability management traditional federal funds transaction bank excess reserves sell excess bank deficient reserves overnight basis agreed interest rate addition federal funds transferred transaction concluded bank seeking reserve deficiency federal funds market alternative borrowing federal reserve discount window selling short term assets borrowing discount window alternative buying federal funds interest rate federal funds rose discount rate mid federal funds rate discount rate bank needing reserves merely discount window buying federal funds commercial bank mid daily federal funds rate rarely discount rate recent market changed nature involve banks making temporary minute adjustments reserves number large banks federal funds market virtually continuous net purchases faced reserve shortage federal funds market acquire funds permanent basis federal funds bank liability included miscellaneous liabilities tables expand lending ability paradoxical result shortest money market transactions overnight purchase federal funds respects capital market money market instrument
late effort bring offshore business home federal reserve approved international banking facilities american soil caribbean branches flourished operate environment entirely free regulation taxation purpose offer banks comparable conditions lure offshore banking united states american foreign banks geographic confines united states regulated located abroad effect domestic branch treated federal reserve foreign branch transactions considered offshore transactions free domestic regulations reserve requirements interest rate ceilings deposit insurance assessments parent bank open separate office establish essentially bookkeeping operations shell branches bank wanting start simply notifies federal reserve assets liabilities related transactions creates set books exempt usual rules regulations apply domestic transactions states enacted legislation exempting income local taxes providing environment closely resembles tax havens abroad news bad news services domestic residents transact business international nature respect sources funds permitted accept deposits lend funds foreign based customers foreign american multinationals included eligible depositors borrowers provided funds domestic sources domestic purposes
noted figure board governors federal reserve system consists members appointed president advice consent senate prevent presidential board packing member appointed term fourteen term expiring end january numbered board members federal reserve district chairman board governors chosen president serves term term concurrent presidential term incoming president find saddled appointed chairman part term office board independent congressional appropriations process partly exempt audit government watchdog general accounting office operating funds earnings twelve regional federal reserve banks regional federal reserve banks federal reserve district geographically dispersed nation federal reserve bank york federal reserve bank kansas city federal reserve bank san francisco figure federal reserve bank privately owned member banks district commercial banks charged supervising regulating member commercial bank required buy stock district federal reserve bank equal percent capital surplus percent percent paid percent subject call board governors profits ownership limited law percent annual dividend paid capital stock
obviously deficit financed seen federal reserve prerogative decide form money ultimate sale bonds public fed makes treasury financing job easier debt buying newly issued securities turning debt money public interest run agrees excess money creation inflationary chapter fact reason congress created federal reserve printing press treasury deficit spending costly forcing treasury pay interest debt inflationary consequences deficit federal reserve debt buying treasury securities lets treasury printing presses door precisely congress want says contend federal reserve forced accommodate excessive treasury borrowing money creation despite institutional separation bond sales treasury money creation federal reserve pressure fed deficit pressure stems fact treasury bond sales raise interest rates treasury borrower treasury comes market induce individuals part hard earned dollars raise interest rate offered federal reserve committed policy holding interest rates choice buy treasury securities interest rates start rise
intersection supply demand figure equilibrium price level supply goods fixed say law demand schedule tells price level clear market price level higher figure aggregate demand goods services low businessmen lower prices sell output price level lower aggregate demand goods services exceed businessmen raise prices ration existing supply handsome profit equilibrium price level note discussion shows price flexibility key classical school argument level real output full employment price level figure reason stuck aggregate demand real goods full employment output earlier discussion say law flexible wages prices insure goods sold labor employed clearly case aggregate demand real goods low downward rigidity prices elements keynes focused analyzing behavior gnp full employment chapter figure identify demand schedule precisely shift entire demand curve price level rises discussion previous sections showed increases money supply raise price level
key classical keynesian confrontation involves precisely circumstances happens desired saving exceeds desired investment classics series simple answers based single principle prices adjust excess supply demand goods excess supply sold entrepreneurs reduce prices rid unsold inventories workers lower wage demands stave unemployment rate interest price borrowing decreases saving exceeds investment fall interest rate lowers desired saving increasing desired consumer spending directly raises desired investment desired saving investment equal entrepreneurs content previous full employment equilibrium level production stated formally preceding chapter keynes sympathetic prices sticky wouldn decline inventories piled wages notoriously resistant decreases important fluctuations rate interest desired saving desired investment rate interest determined money market supply demand money saving investment keynes dropped quantity theory greater detail assuming rate interest bring saving equality investment happens result undesired inventory accumulation keynes thought level real output prices respond quickly entrepreneurs unwanted accumulating inventories cut production output fall desired saving exceeded desired investment price level unchanged real output level nominal gnp decline
tend believe aggregate demand unaffected autonomous shifts investment spending argue active attempt stabilization level economic activity unemployment fluctuate considerably buffeted entrepreneurial animal spirits reflecting classical ancestry argue exogenous decrease investment spending countered automatically increased consumption interest sensitive investment spending mechanism attributed mysteriously fixed money stock fixed level aggregate demand based quantity theory keeping classical interest theory reduction interest rates follow downward shift investment function drop interest rates turn stimulate investment spending reduce saving increasing consumption initial drop investment impressed automatic offsets gyrations investment spending mysterious quantity theory linkage money aggregate demand simply part picture interest rate necessarily respond drop investment interest rate decline guarantee induce additional spending fluctuations price level source stability according consumption investment didn rise fast offset initial decline investment spending resulting unemployment drive prices fixed money stock lower prices means larger real supply money stimulate spending directly quantity theory alternatively larger real supply money lower interest rates keynesian fashion investment spending increase keynesian response expected price effects twofold prices rarely decline spending effects slow rely restore full employment
role inflationary expectations finds area keynesian discussion interest rates respond money supply area appeal aggregate supply demand framework help english suffice sorry don milton friedman argued monetary policy raises interest rates monetary policy lowers interest rates reverse standard keynesian analysis milton point increase money supply initially lower interest rates increased liquidity spent financial assets beginning aggregate demand responds increased money supply transactions demand money increase driving interest rates upward mainstream certainly wouldn disagree argue income effect increased money supply overwhelm initial liquidity effect interest rate snaps past original level pressed point acquiesce interest rates pass original equilibrium depends speed strength response gnp monetary expansion focus attention interim period gnp expands interim period sufficiently justify statement monetary policy means lower interest rates policy means higher rates inflationary expectations play key role response interest rates monetary policy expectations inflation generated monetary policy increase level nominal interest rates
strenuous objections recognizing approach risk injustice represent oversimplified position lm framework fact end chapter special case keynesian model set demand money unresponsive interest rates depending income producing vertical lm function figure chapter discussion related things simple velocity constant fixed money supply gnp change velocity impact change money supply level income equals multiplied velocity seen figure start lm equilibrium income increase money supply shifts lm curve footnote chapter equilibrium level income obvious change income equals case income continues rise increased money supply absorbed increased transactions demand hand figure shows lm curve vertical positively sloped case demand money underlies responsive rate interest increase income due change money supply figure figure superimposed set positively sloped lm curves lm lm case figure horizontal distance lm curves increase income clearly
important recognize prices futures markets securities closely related prices determined called spot cash markets actual securities traded suppose price treasury bonds delivered month chicago board trade face bond offered price government securities dealers discussed pay buy dealer sell futures contract hold securities month deliver bonds futures contract fact buying spot market selling futures market force prices markets alignment main advantages futures markets spot market underlying commodity follows trading rights obligations specific standardized commodity percent coupon twenty treasury bond futures market cuts bewildering detail cash markets array prices categories treasury bonds single price emerges standardized instrument consolidation facilitates price discovery price dissemination function markets closely related point large volume trading standardized commodity makes cheaper easier transact futures contracts wanted profit expected interest rates fall future dealer buy treasury bond rates actually fell reap capital gains price bonds rise
exchange rates free respond market forces demand supply generate correcting imports exports types international transactions eliminate balance payments deficits surpluses works assume running payments deficit price foreign exchange rise demand foreign exchange exceeds supply result foreign goods services expensive likely import export foreigners find products expensive dollars amount money imports exports balance payments deficit decline reasoning applies payments surplus price foreign money fall increasing imports foreign goods cheaper buy decreasing exports products expensive foreigners reducing surplus figure illustrates principles case french francs dollar price franc vertical axis cents franc number francs horizontal axis demand supply curves francs conventional shapes amount francs demanded increases dollar price falls francs expensive french products cheaper import france demand francs amount francs supplied decreases dollar price falls francs cheaper goods expensive french export supply fewer francs foreign exchange market
lesson learned central bank conduct independent wholly domestically oriented monetary policy framework fixed exchange rates floating rates story flexible foreign exchange rates generally hailed system permits country pursue domestic policies unhampered external balance payments considerations country runs payments deficit money reduces imports stimulates exports automatically corrects deficit system nations freedom pursue independent domestic stabilization policies deficit country continue monetary fiscal policies maintain prosperous economy induce recession home order exports attractive cut imports depreciation money financial markets automatically care sounds easy catch sure true deficits surpluses eventually care exchange rate movements leap conclusion adjustment process painless painful think moment adjustment process involves deficit country say britain means thing imports cost united kingdom money depreciating pay acquire marks francs needs imports imports essential food britain oil united states cost living rise living standards fall deficit country inflation pay lot food gasoline lot left things
australia smallest continent largest island area nearly km million square miles approximately size united states geological climatic forces produced uniform surface land ancient rock worn lowlands filled wind water laid deposits cover interior australia lies half buried products decay rim australia edge platter result half land surface internal basin drainage remainder regular surface drainage australia surrounded large expanses water coastal climate fairly uniform temperature ranges increase interior land area central australia noontime shade temperatures fahrenheit freezing night temperatures climate interior dry heat bearable imagined australia bisected tropic capricorn lies transition zone major rain regions position australia large area low rainfall highlands east precipitation eastern rim coastal regions millimeters inches annually typical precipitation irregular torrential amount rainfall decreases progressively interior centimeters inches markedly irregular droughts persisted dry periods interior impression utter desolation sparse stunted vegetation
wife paddles canoe stays bow order spear fish frequently sighted vantage point landing bark canoe presents problem gravel stone beaches quickly destroy fragile bark bottom canoe beached canoe headed shore passengers step touches wife takes canoe edge heavy kelp beds deeper water moors swims ashore craft wife responsible going women excellent swimmers swim imagine eager learn males females children frequently entirely naked protective clothing cape seal sea otter skin circle body extends waist tied chest knowledge tanning softening hides lacking capes cold stiff heavy indians prefer wear engaged active movement awkward sealskin moccasins stuffed grass serviceable women smear bodies grease oil offers protection bitter wind especially caustic effect salt water body facial decoration simple sort fairly common marginal cultures women frequently wear small triangular pubic cover fur bird skin
true code laws punishment crimes action harms individual bodily attack theft adultery regarded form theft considered matter retribution aggrieved actions regarded generally antisocial laziness lack respect elders punished crimes minimum bounds force public opinion person behave virtuously properly suffers proportionate loss popularity esteem likewise government law concerning relations local group autonomously regulates affairs relations groups consist visits individuals occasional meetings feasts dancing set local groups considered unity opposed set largely closely common dialect identifies loose tie individual groups interfere regulation daily conduct thing true warfare groups stand fight grievances call result family feuds evidence hostilities village scale basis organization kinship kinship hunting gathering societies unusual complete set kinship terms addressing relatives unlike primitive peoples freely personal names title respect added special titles imply specific relationship speaking
bushmen contact negro farmers herders working herdsmen wage grossly underpaid worked farms europeans nowadays general development economy increase numbers negro farmers land interior kalahari increasingly number kung maintain independent hunting gathering subsistence diminishing rapidly form sharecropping practiced successfully introduced bushmen herding economy according system bushman family agrees maintain small herd cattle waterhole frequent return watering grazing protection predators afford cattle bushmen allowed milk cattle eat meat animal dies informing owner calf crop calf retained bushmen annual payment kind arrangement instances handed father son dobe area farmer herders system cattle herding adopted kung boy contract herder food clothing calf completion contract mature hunting gathering kung chapter spent youth herding cattle systems herding resulted important change culture dobe area fewer percent kung families successfully adopted permanent
matter interest anthropological theory culture change culture functionally adapts parts ecological circumstances requirements culture borrows traits cultures fits functioning system interesting laboratories studies found plains area peopled tribes striking similarity traits culture details ritual especially forms social organization nearly identical texas alberta tribes linguistic diversity including completely separated language stocks plains points compass distances cultural differences originally process rapid transformation cultural heterogeneity relative homogeneity tribes parts total organization nation unusual documented case history culture change record languages remained unchanged interestingly distinctive form communication famous sign language quickly spread plains tribes greatest period diffusion horse plains tribes spaniards mexico known horses spaniards expressly prohibited sale horses indians numbers horses nearby indians acquired slaughtered food eighteenth century spanish herds proliferated spanish military power waned
apogee plains indian reached period contacts civilization increasing rapidly times plains thoroughfare eastern cities mexico california oregon true contest land whites wanted valuable wagon trains molested peaceful intercourse tribes continue order furs robes acquired exchange cheap beads mirrors brass kettles knives sheet iron indians desired making arrow points finally guns powder lead cheap whiskey young indians found painful acquiring visions increasing importance trade follow famous santa fe trail opened steadily increasing commerce cities missouri mexico indians southern tribes traded caravans worked groups attacked tribal policy interesting exciting offered threat buffalo herds homeland cheyenne soon wagons began lumber increasing numbers oregon trail northern plains united states government determined confine indians territories treaty fort laramie assigned cheyenne arapaho vast hunting territory north platte arkansas rivers rockies black hills certainly sufficient area later gold rush began platte river area indians pushed farther west
misconception amazonia impenetrable jungle trees vines shrubs plants actually vitality plant growth concentrated high thick canopy interlaced tree branches underneath humans live dark tomblike silence prevails absence sunlight prevents undergrowth plants seedlings growing thickly rivers areas uplands sunlight thickets grow absence grass shrubs accounts scarcity herbivorous animals carnivores prey tropical forest tribes bewildering variety language stocks physically culturally uniform conform general racial characteristics american indians shorter plains indians north south america males averaging meters feet inches height amazonian indians subsist largely vegetable crops plains indians meat explain consistent difference stature relative uniformity environment amazon basin matched cultural uniformity significant ecological difference location tribes respect fishing resources amazon tributaries smaller smaller upland borders basin characteristic culture lowlands progressively attenuated features eastern slope andes region belonging ecuador peru generally called montana basically tropical rain forest similar amazonia proper rivers smaller run faster making navigation difficult land broken
subsequent attempts spaniards occupy country inspired discovery placer gold upper reaches rivers attack newcomers force spaniards greater numbers apparently practiced cruelties indians including enslavement instances series local revolts raids begun culminated coordinated uprising revolt chile revolt ended success spaniards killed localities remainder fled lives later punitive expeditions spaniards caught ambush destroyed spanish penetration region halted attempts jesuits establish mission towns foothold half eighteenth century intrepid father andres traveling finally won confidence groups considerable progress jesuits expelled charles iii period end sporadic incursions dominican fathers headway introduce smallpox decimated resistance disease upheavals wars independence latin america disturbed ecuador peru attempts pacification montana country half nineteenth century small missions established mission run gospel missionary union united states established continued missions influenced substantial numbers indians
bulk population lives large island miles narrow rest archipelago consists tiny coral islands soil rich produces finest yam crops known tropical population dense land intermittent cultivation places coral outcrops brackish swamps relative absence primeval jungle means hunting scant importance gathering wild produce fishing important occupation villages located coast lively trade exists inland villages larger inland villages typically built level ground geometrical plan center plaza level trodden ceremonial court dance ground area surrounded concentric ring yam storehouses built piles walls large round logs laid ends overlapping wide leave stored yams visible storehouses small platforms fronting plaza benches yam houses ring dwellings huts built directly ground piles dark opening door front single family unit small married couple small children occupy boys girls age puberty live separately communal houses marriage chief house larger decorated central ring storehouses
ritual practice islam distinguished belief based pillars kinds observances consists ritualized public declaration faith god god mohamed messenger god theoretically minimum ritual requirement moslem member faith states adherence form pillar prayers dawn sunup sun passes midday zenith halfway zenith setting immediately sundown going bed onset night midnight cases prayers directed mecca east prayers person happens privately company home prayer person undergo purification washing exposed parts body ordinarily hands face feet soap water clean earth sand prayers personal extemporaneous petitions god formal thanks favors granted pillar observation sacred fast ninth lunar month called ramadan complete daylight hours food drink smoking sexual intercourse young children soldiers war sick travelers exempted days fasting later soon conditions permit fast imposes considerable hardship death rate actually rises considerably month
contrast shamans magicians mentioned aims benefit society wizard witch magic antisocial ends end misfortunes deadliest practice obtaining part victim body hair fingernail clippings mixing herbs secret formula burying mixture hole builds fire victim feels burning sensation soon dies shaman effectively diagnose trouble counter magic wizard harm soil person footprint introducing magical food beer local folk aspects supernaturalism zulu properly considered elements supernatural belief ritual ceremony aspects statecraft beliefs functionally connected social order generally center cult ancestors ancestor gods arranged hierarchical order earth significant ceremonies including course directed important ancestors king center ceremonies direct descendant highest ranking ancestors king custodian sacred symbolic nation ancestors belief close connections king ancestors makes directly responsible growth crops rainfall luck generally petition ancestors aid
kind professional deserves special mention keeper recorder census tribute records inca lacked writing mathematical notation trained person able manage recording specialist practiced device called stick cord number knotted strings tied strings frequently colored represent distinct articles districts knots tied ascended units representing tens hundreds thousands early spanish commentators believed inca society divided units population groups tens units hundreds thousands census convention caused simplicity counting device functional organization society census took account households individuals unmarried owed labor service skill metallurgists weavers high order tapestries surpassed known europe true smelting copper silver known technique making bronze practiced inca culture considered true bronze age culture metal tools weapons precious metals gold excited spaniards greatly inca gold lay properties facilitated making finely hammered ornaments threads ornamentation textiles cuzco virtually golden city palace golden friezes panels gold silver famous temple sun garden full lifelike plants animals hammered gold
aspects china distinctiveness measure true china complex nation generalization requires modification china oldest surviving civilizations remember occurred china cities dwell classes modern culture need reminder revolution going today merely political economic social religious chinese constitute nearly fourth mankind provinces congestion population equal parts china sparse population huge areas north occupied widely scattered mongol herders sinkiang northwestern province areas populated herders hunters parts manchuria north central china fertile cultivated general delta yangtze yellow rivers southern china coast agriculture productive population dense stereotype china land peasants largely true percent population full percent part agriculture especially intensive kind rice region average size family farm acres opposed acres united states china farms carefully tended fertile average family miserably poor western standards obvious richness soil manifested small plots sign productivity labor high
development peasant cooperatives china planned progress gradually phases key success phase abolition redistribution land course temporary ensure continual rise production needless say development welcome villagers peasants losing control land absentee landlords brokers tenant status phase program voluntary formation mutual aid teams villagers teams worked land members produce field belonged owner advantages planning stage resulted increase production phase involved cooperative working fields according master plan owner received share total produce proportion amount land owned rise production occurred planning enterprise fourth phase complete collectivization land produce longer allocated amount land owned accordance amount contributed interestingly landlords allowed participate phase completed exception peasant continues land regarded negative force counter revolutionary phase resulted alleviation previous hardships peasants presumably main reason joined cooperative movement reasons
death marked usual catholic ritual rites funeral service ireland famous wake originally europe night vigil corpse evidently pagan origins body layed coffin viewed overnight procession chapel night wake presence corpse gay affair merry wedding story telling games whiskey drinking famous irish custom keening high pitched wailing lament women close kin deceased originally imitation cry banshees gaelic woman fairy gaelic ireland scotland warn impending death wailing night families believed inherited household members doomed person hear famous gaelic fairies tiny treasures yield human beings frightened tricked widespread version leprechaun tale pot gold buried foot rainbow kind fairies live communities knee high elves known clare simply fear exactly malicious affront fairies abroad night leave food water
addition decisions observe psychologist decide research plan strategy addressing questions interested major research strategies consider description correlation experimentation researcher engaged description primarily concerned setting clear account subject behavior reports approach description observational study researcher observes behavior occurs setting psychologist observe social behaviors children nursery school classroom taking notes narrative form counting occurrences specific behaviors plays plays cooperatively fights calls teacher descriptive studies interviews researcher summarizes subjects appraisals chapter discuss research loneliness makes extensive interviews experienced separation loss descriptive studies central part psychologist effort terms human behavior permit researcher test specific hypotheses effect relationships description behavior tell happening tell certainty happening correlational study researcher tries discover relationship correlation aspects behavior attitudes background brown kulik flashbulb memory study correlational study subjects ratings personal importance events related flashbulb memories events correlational study suppose interested determining relationship training psychology sensitivity feelings
talk divisions nervous system actually talking immense network interacting nerve fibers continuously carrying messages body messages part body understand process neural transmission look individual neuron neuron consists principal parts cell body nucleus dendrites short fibers project cell body receive messages nearby cells axon longer fiber extends side cell body transmits messages neurons muscles glands figure neurons general features differ greatly dimensions neuron spinal cord axon feet neurons brain short thousandths inch nerve messages move direction dendrites cell body axon dendrites cell body neuron muscle gland messages transmitted ways surface single neuron neuron transmission neuron surface called transmission transmission neurons called synaptic transmission transmission electrical impulse end neuron neuron fired axon requires minimum level stimulation fire stimulus sense organ neurons reach minimum level neuron fire stimulus strong neuron fire fire completely
roger sperry michael devised experiments determine cutting corpus affected patients experimenters set situations information side brain pictures flashed visual field area seen half eye hand seen felt left hemisphere items shown left hemisphere person verbally describe items speech located left hemisphere objects presented hemisphere left hand person unable identify verbally person guess shown deny seen person asked point pick object shown hemisphere problem picking patients shown word heart positioned left visual field art figure asked pronounce word seen patients say art speaking left hemisphere saw patients asked point left hand word seen pointed word hemisphere controls left hand saw normal noted constant communication hemispheres corpus callosum evidence specialization function hemispheres normal brain
basic idea operant conditioning known animal trainers teach animals pigeons whales obey selectively rewarding behaviors teach animal complex behavior process behavior shaping reward response roughly similar desired behavior step reward responses progressively desired response want teach dog roll reward lies reward rolling movements lying finally rolls reward behavior method successive approximation partial behaviors eventually shaped sequence produces desired behavior research operant conditioning involved animals principles develop techniques altering human behavior alteration behavior systematic application principles learning called behavior modification experiment nursery school teachers powerful reinforcement attention praise increase amount children played children opposite sex saw mixed sex pair group children playing cooperatively teachers commented approvingly indicating children names say tower john kathy building reinforcement administered approximately minutes week experimental period period rate cross sex cooperative play increased dramatically classes experiment performed percent percent children
information short term memory term storage basic processes rehearsal information repeating keeping picture mind encoding linking concepts categories learned processes psychologists believe encoding material meaningful important fact rehearsal important opportunity meaningful encoding encoding filing things complicated cross file system encoding process simplify elaborate information stored change form storage bower process analogous labeling books cross listing cards storing material places library atkinson shiffrin emphasize memory storage passive process decide information store term memory selecting items rehearse encode encode material important success retrieving material term memory depends large measure efficiency stored part attempt stock brain attics carefully learned package material meaningful clusters demonstrate process simple experiment friend subject read adjacent list words friend telling remember words read list words ask friend start number count backward threes
laboratory university michigan biochemist bernard teaching goldfish task cross underwater barrier light flashed order avoid mild electric shock goldfish learned skill remember month injected chemical blocks formation protein fishes skulls immediately learned task suddenly newly learned skill vanished subsequent tests goldfish behaved learned cross barrier research confirmed interfered chemical processes learning consolidated fixed term memory interference place administered soon training session waited hour late memory consolidated laboratory university california irvine physiological psychologist james gave rats injections shortly learned run maze discovered drug effect memory opposite direction larger dose rats memory learned interfere consolidation process goldfish quicker stronger consolidation rats case timing crucial drug administered hour learning effect recent studies university holland shown small amounts called dramatically improves animals memory tasks learned newly discovered class chemical transmitters brain discussed chapter
achievement motivation measured asking stories series pictures pictures personality test called thematic apperception test discuss chapter pictures originally david colleagues depicted situation machine academic situation boy desk father son boy appeared daydreaming subjects shown pictures asked tell happening moment led situation thought outcome subjects responses scored number achievement related ideas themes stories subject write part story boy appears daydreaming coded achievement related theme thinking ambition astronaut person visit mars contrast story judged achievement related thinking fun beach family controversy method measuring achievement motivation turns subjects asked directly desire achievement answers agree closely themes emerge stories aware extent achievement needs want admit believes assessment fantasies achievement direct measure strength achievement motives
staid victorians freud theory outrageous emphasized importance sexual drives adults infants children freud concept sexual urge broad fact theory deals separate pleasure giving areas body areas known erogenous zones include oral zone mouth lips tongue anal zone genital zone penis vagina case physical stimulation zone highly pleasurable pleasure freud equated sexuality child goes successive stages development erogenous zones prominent oral anal genital child goes psychosexual stages major determinant personality later child receives gratification gratification deprived frustrated earlier stages stage sexual impulses stay focused stage character structure reflect unresolved difficulties period idea clearer discuss freud developmental stages oral anal phallic genital stages oral stage stage child psychosexual development according freud oral stage child sexual energies focused mouth area activities feeding sucking chewing biting psychologically child oral stage deal issues oral gratification personal dependence trust depend trust adults sustenance freud believed infant passes successfully oral stage develop adult able enjoy oral gratification obsessed
humanistic psychology emphasizes feelings playing crucial role human happiness effectiveness feel positive negative times getting examination stable differences highly regard positive evaluation oneself positive esteem found related positive attributes open relationships conforming setting high goals oneself stanley coopersmith conducted known study esteem development coopersmith colleagues classified sample boys groups high medium low esteem basis boys statements teachers reports boys assurance psychological tests tat box deal additional information gathered boys including data personality ability tests interviews parents coopersmith found boys high esteem active expressive individuals tended academically socially eager express opinions avoid disagreement overly sensitive criticism boys optimistic abilities set high goals generally achieved goals contrast boys low esteem presented picture discouragement depression anxiety social situations express defend avoided exposing attention shrank contact boys faith abilities rarely met success coopersmith interviewed boys parents child upbringing found parents boys high esteem likely positive concepts
agree society educational system schools vital resources tremendous amount energy money devoted education america american schools recent subjected tremendous barrage criticism schools accused failing job crisis psychological issue examine problems hopeful prospects education america schools important society educational systems attack sides certainly true schools america times criticized oppressive authoritarian stifling permissive unstructured unsuccessful providing basic educational skills book crisis classroom charles american schools atmosphere contempt teachers principals unconsciously display students critics school system opposed rigid discipline characterized rows individual desks facing teacher enforced silence periods strict scheduling students choice letter grades form evaluation encourage meaningless competition discourage enjoyment learning rogers church notion free school children grow emotionally intellectually child learns determined pace ideal critics free school school founded england goal complete freedom choice students children required want allowed pursue project interested
age transition invests structure tries establish place society solidify family end stage levinson speaks period concerned full senior member adult settling conclude story adult development levinson perspective contrary stage typically period doubt questioning midlife transition consider later chapter study focused forty american levinson believes stages approximately ages give disparate lives suggests governed underlying order page researchers doubt stages lives fact clear levinson suggests describing lives terms distinct stages prefer view terms continuous movement dimensions costa controversy extent levinson stages applicable women development levinson conjectures women basic adult developmental periods researchers believe fundamental differences women development rosalind grace baruch note levinson stages reflect large measure preoccupations careers women careers granted women experiences early middle adulthood depend large extent specific decisions marriage child rearing
continuing influence medical model reflected official definition mental disorder quoted earlier according definition mental disorder stems significant behavioral psychologic syndrome syndrome term borrowed medicine refers underlying disease psychological disorders viewed illnesses medical model suggests question focus controversy mental health professionals favor medical model believe approaching psychological disorder diagnoses problem belonging category disorders treatment chosen doctor physical illness argue physical psychological disturbances ultimately found discovered disorders finally proponents medical model believe socially acceptable disturbed person regarded ill stigmatized basic moral defect recent mental health professionals dissatisfied medical model opponents psychiatrist thomas claims mental illness myth argues individual actually sick difficulty coping stresses everyday assigning problems illness individual inappropriate behaviors mental health professionals encourage individual responsibility actions implication label mental illness dramatic criminal cases person judged mentally ill relieved responsibility criminal act box critics medical model argue problems adjustment suffering disease word defined
racism runs deep american culture thomas jefferson believed innate inferiority black personally opposed slavery agreed compromise southern slavery interests delete antislavery statement declaration independence abraham lincoln convinced black inferior whites felt equality attainable blacks whites lived society presidents sympathetic plight black america jones overt racism declined recent decades subtle forms racism remain strong america racism course type prejudice met varieties prejudice book prejudice women gay psychological issue focus racism differential attitudes treatment individuals basis racial group membership grounded belief conscious race inherently superior discussion illustrate general process prejudice prejudgment negative ways basis group membership prejudice whites blacks anglos chicanos women attitude need understand succeed eliminating prejudice discrimination prejudice refers unfairly negative attitudes members group discrimination refers unfairly negative actions groups seen chapter attitudes actions closely intertwined prejudice discrimination
harold kelley conducted experiment demonstrated person reputation affect perceived kelley arranged students told class instructor asked evaluate end period instructor arrived students description read half students told instructor graduate student considered warm person industrious critical practical determined half students received precisely information adjective warm replaced cold difference single word proved large impact students reactions instructor instructor led class minute discussion students told warm rated considerate sociable humorous students told cold instructor reputation affected students willingness interact percent warm subjects took part class discussion compared cold subjects reputations stereotypes based physical appearance group membership provide context interpret behavior woman told advance blind date extremely witty primed categorize remarks witty date billed solemn humorless witty remarks fall flat secret comedians reputation funny predisposed laugh practically say
suppose class multiple choice examination consisting questions point correct answer points miss range scores practice course likely score low high let suppose students class test score data look table summarizing set scores thing instructor likely frequency distribution indicating students obtained score table class received score scores lumped single category information frequency distribution displayed pictorially drawing figure box represents tests score showing boxes piled top obtained score pattern test results easier visualize frequency distribution provide description test scores class presenting results inefficient provide entire frequency distribution statistics summarize distribution important types summary statistics measures central tendency distribution average typical score measures variability distribution spread scores frequently measure central tendency mean mean term call average score
definition includes words systematic study psychology rigorous highly disciplined methods science rely mysterious supernatural explanation human behavior early ancestors presumably content describe behavior philosopher past brilliant imagined psychology skeptical demands proof based controlled experiments observations greatest precision objectivity meaning freedom personal prejudices preconceived notions taking scientific approach difficult reach valid conclusions human behavior bound commit numerous mistakes observation interpretation judgments based faulty insufficient evidence tend generalize feelings experiences necessarily characteristic general psychology established conclusively wide range individual differences human traits generalize actions opinions necessarily universal psychology shown tend surround opinions interests tastes similar findings psychology surprise psychologists encounter facts course contrary common sense observation views human nature expressed literature practice perfect certainly practice wrong discover chapters learning memory things learned remembered practice wise hitch wagon star
psychological experiment psychology science began start idea taking scientific approach study behavior required radical shift human thinking invention brand techniques study chemists experimenting composition transformation elements compounds physicists forces motion gravity electricity tried experiment human behavior early psychologists lacked tools sophisticated exploration analyzing activity individual nerve cells glands means testing intelligence motivation personality traits science founded put wilhelm opened psychological laboratory germany university leipzig studied physician practicing medicine taught professor physiology soon lost interest concerned human consciousness workings body experiments retrospect trivial students spent hours laboratory listening click metronome set fast set slow sounding times analyzed conscious reactions decided rapid series clicks produced excitement slow series relaxed slight feelings tension click relief afterward despite modest beginning science psychology found enthusiastic response popular professor university classroom big hold students wanted hear lectures
unspecified areas cortex presumably brain stores memories happened helps learn experience performing function brain call structures known zola morgan squire lies beneath cortex impossible illustrate clearly operates exactly known appears essential establishment lasting memories case reported surgically severed medical reasons retained memories apparently establish learn address house family moved read magazines worked jigsaw puzzles realizing seen found term consumption alcohol animals decreases number connections neurons fact explain memory failures human alcoholics riley walker indications deterioration nerve cells account loss memory al investigators doubt aging significant effect remain mentally active continue brain cells diamond cortex operate independently brain structures central role memory cognitive functions clearly apparent size development related human intellectual abilities birth darkness womb human cerebrum cortex grow rapidly explode figure
interference information remembering information opposite situation information forget information called retroactive interference phenomenon demonstrated simple laboratory procedures experiment illustrated figure note similarity materials plays important role recall subjects learned list words meaning words previous list synonyms experienced retroactive interference list contained materials nonsense syllables numbers interesting consoling fact retroactive interference greater effect unimportant materials worth remembering anyway lists words learned laboratory important meaningful materials retroactive interference makes forget specific details learned especially details essential nearly likely forget basic theme meaning learned forget things learn course retroactive interference information learn future courses experiences remember exact meaning terms classical conditioning reinforcement remember general principles learning memory operates study shows students likely remember illustrated figure fact forget things deliberately mentioned earlier connection processes place short term memory theorists believe times forget information stored term memory simply want forget
united states melting pot language backgrounds faced educational problem today problem centers spanish speaking population million citizens hispanic origin including children grown homes spanish spoken children predecessors homes italian german polish yiddish spoken face difficulties acquiring knowledge english speaking schools children receive american ideal equal educational opportunity urged spanish speaking parents taught spanish spanish speaking teachers suggested early grades elementary school later english introduced taught language english speaking american children taught spanish french children began learn english continue devote spanish latin american history culture united states history english literature suggestion considerable appeal preserve cultural heritage fluency language origin familiarity traditions customs spanish speaking especially children early grades avoid dislocations handicaps attending schools unfamiliar language possibly learned helplessness caused failure function fully efficiently members english speaking society children eventually adept english psychological findings raise questions wisdom delaying process text states ability pronounce unused phonemes decreases age
language essential acquiring concepts certainly help communication thinking depends words represent complex concepts embedded concepts impossible language note term human term means goes physical attributes legs erect posture functions students working jobs richer concept human highest concept mammals concept mammal kind organism concept produces young inside body mother nurses baby birth language helps find meanings relationships similarities build concepts top concepts language difficult find resemblance human walking land whale swimming ocean concept word mammal includes language enriches concepts concepts enrich language concept words letters odd phonemes english language express unlimited number messages suppose lacked concept talk individual distinct concept dwelling word place lives item furniture food find limited ship captains flags shown page
believed number united states experience sensation hue totally color blind shades gray black white photograph million americans color blind extent common difficulty distinguishing reds greens common reduced sensitivity blues yellows color blind reason light waves reaching eye seldom fully saturated single wavelength blue yellow paints mentioned reflect green red objects reflect yellow waves green objects blue rays traffic lights deliberately designed help red green difficulties color blind learn subtle differences saturation brightness clues recognize hues normal eye experiences deficiencies readily detected tests shown plate iv tests steering jobs color blindness handicap case flying airplane actual hazard visual phenomenon afterimages demonstrated plate experiment illustration according instructions paragraph happens look plate staring fixedly pattern colors provide prolonged stimulus receptors retina neurons carry messages brain stimulus withdrawn transfer gaze part page afterimage complementary hues original stimulus
select stimulus environment exploration thing want answer question hear stimulus hangs unit kind separate distinguishable stimuli environment light waves organized kind object animal automobile face hear string sound waves organized meaningful pattern human speech rap door approaching car vision organize stimuli object largely perceptual principle figure ground read page eyes stimulated white space black lines curves squiggles dots perceptual process organizes stimuli black figures letters words punctuation marks seen white ground perceive chair face moon sky figure hangs organized shape ground neutral formless setting figure separates sets figure ground clearly perceived dividing line called contour separation depends part inborn skill perceiving contrast feature detectors operate interesting examples organize visual stimuli figure ground shown figure upper drawing perceive white figure goblet colored ground perceive colored figures faces white ground perceive bottom drawing perceive strange colored figures white ground
sleep ways totally unlike altered consciousness called hypnosis produce strange perceptions hypnotist suggestion subject chair exists carefully walk imaginary obstacle hypnosis give vivid detailed accounts events recall ordinary circumstances incidents dating early childhood therapists hypnosis dredge forgotten experiences caused psychological problems law officials help witnesses produce forgotten details solve crime considerable question accuracy recollections psychiatrist found recollections childhood experiences obtained hypnosis prove inaccurate orne courtroom testimony witnesses hypnotized barred california supreme court ground believe fantasies analogy hypnosis sleep experience sure actually happened occurred dream nature hypnotic unknown psychologists produce hypnotist ask subject sit relaxed stare fixedly small object key tip pencil point light hypnotist speaks quiet repetitious monotone suggesting subject growing relaxed subject eyes tiring subject sleepy soon subject respond suggestions eyelids flutter close body limp
classic experiment performed observing conduct children aged playroom equipped half toys telephone transmitter ironing board iron despite missing parts children played happily dividing screen removed saw toys half room wire barrier toys showed signs extreme frustration barker experiment showed half toys fun play hand toys lie reach half toys longer adult frustrations equally relative perfectly happy car neighbor buys model woman perfectly happy job friend office promotion successful liked suffer pangs frustration brother sister successful popular wide individual differences ability tolerate frustration found true young children adults evidence doubtless women carry normal fashion cheerful despite physical handicaps tragic disappointments reduced tears temper tantrums breakfast bacon crisp common sources frustration conflict psychologists define simultaneous arousal incompatible motives resulting unpleasant emotions phrase unpleasant emotions essential part definition
difficult today past dubious human beings subject conditions stress pressures fighting elements animals scrambling frantically meal history ancestors beset pain illness danger violent death today sources stress burdensome past actually knowing sure psychologists define stress body reaction threatens damage organism stress caused disease germ air noise pollution physical danger faced football player accompany situation produces anxiety frustration conflict physical wear tear intense prolonged emotion stress depends events feelings react person experience severe stress event leaves person calm damaging potential stress origin dramatically demonstrated hans selye experimented animals exposed stressful physical conditions injection poison doses strong kill results produced human beings form external internal pressure including prolonged anxiety emotional tension selye found animal injected poison body automatically tried defend notably endocrine glands immediately sprang action human emotional arousal adrenal glands showed striking
general working definition abnormal behavior embraces points mentioned abnormal personality trait type behavior statistically unusual considered undesirable source unhappiness person possess displays admitted definition satisfactory scientific point view accepted enthusiastically psychologists chiefly ground sets rigid standards enable society label abnormal behavior disliked considered disruptive behavior judged abnormal scientific measure estimating extent abnormal behavior identify actually diagnosed mental disorder precise figure easy obtain current estimate based results surveys percent united states population affected mental disorders period cases economic cost including loss earnings expense care treatment estimated close billion dollars president commission mental health statistical data portray full impact mental disorders human terms actually experienced periods intense anxiety depression knows disabling agony patients throes terminal cancer pain history severe depression asked compare reported physical pain bearable preferable psychological pain depression jamison
chapter stressed influence behavior persuasive communications simply set tendency conform group find question arises determines kinds influence diverse society members group course closest frequent social relationships greatest impact attitudes behavior social psychology extensively studied forces attract associate key finding aptly summarized single sentence reward reward berscheid walster fully understanding sentence requires examination find rewarding considerable extent social relationships dictated sheer chance family happen born determines culture subculture socialized turn helps shape attitudes neighborhood happen grow playmates classmates teachers influence childhood later full freedom choice going college close home offers scholarship place group students instructors group find campus taking job puts group workers happen home door move permission
scientists maintain altruism innate trait passed process evolution point human beings chance survival living trying likely willing cooperate chance surviving passing characteristics future generations campbell case aggression impossible prove disprove theory psychologists believe explanation lies heredity learning point wide individual differences tendencies altruism studies shown likely feel personal responsibility schwartz learned empathize feel joys pains emotions parents imitate identify plays part study boys regarded generous found fathers perceived warm helpful rutherford study looking backgrounds group devoted promoting civil rights found members characterized close relationship parent rosenhan altruism basic innate human trait doubt encouraged discouraged learning social influences closely related studies altruism aggression line investigation inspired publicized incident york city ago
descriptive statistics permits psychologists summarize findings studies determine individual compares psychologists need tool help interpret generalizations studies psychologists study behavior rat skinner box especially interested rapidly animal demonstrates learning primary concern discover general principle behavior says learning processes rats implication learning process general psychologists studying performance group human subjects memorize nonsense syllables part experiment physical attractiveness especially interested ultimate goal learn behavior general mathematical tool called inferential statistics set techniques enable valid generalizations measurements behavior inferential statistics important science interested called population universe say events category study measure entire population give intelligence test human face earth reached entire population died born conducting test settle sample group convenient size population rules inferential statistics hold valid generalizations sample representative population want study
small isolated constant procession uncles aunts cousins marched bearing strange tales strange places spain earl essex attack king converted catholicism jesuit priest shuttled groton ireland setting ladies tongues wagging finally getting excommunicated apparently failed obtain proper divorce wife marrying winthrop tribe large sooner later bad showed groton john father adam winthrop groton trained law coming possession manor devoted entirely difficult business making success nearly half century prices rising england europe disastrous results gentlemen lived rents received tenants rents fixed law raised match rise prices tenants evicted case lands groton rest lord manor grow crops sale adam saw main chance lay untenanted lands groton london profit rising metropolitan demand foodstuffs john adam collecting sale crops obtained rents addition groton manor held land tenant manors nearby constantly buying
marriage knew thing prevented love wife love love duty hopefully pleasure bounds exceed overpower diminish love god possibility rivalry kinds love mere figure speech puritan religion desiccated moralism puritan loved god sensual abandon denied dealing john winthrop generally considered grave sober contemporaries found suitable images religion song solomon letter friend suddenly turn address god embarrassingly sexual apostrophe thine odours thee allure speak kindly thy possess thine youth love marriage let sweet thine love dove spread thy skirt cover thy love let sleep thine awake thy religions recognizing difficulty reconciling kind heavenly passion love wife mistress advocated celibacy puritan solution open enjoy kinds love john winthrop wife earthly woman listened patiently religious counsels behaved befitted wife gentleman caught fire puritanism burned husband
elizabeth successor james easy impossible belief james secret dislike puritans promised harry land bark proved worse bite appointed archbishop canterbury george abbot easygoing prelate leaned puritanism james allowed reformation church pick fight roman catholics power king defend laws god inside kingdom interference pope puritans thought james poor job defending laws applaud attack pope drawn uneasy complicity regime considered half addition burden guilt carried sins increasingly troubled sins nation drought disease depression appeared looked fearfully worse knew worse deserved god tolerate evils english government tolerated nay practiced preachers sounded alarm calling memory england paradise pleasure storehouse wealth rich exchequer plenty delights london kings chamber seat nobles mart rich worthy beauty land god visit land inhabitants thereof territories beauty excellence riches multitude excuse
advantages move puritans composed majority membership obvious company moved england effect governing commonwealth charter blank check justifying able enforce laws god win divine favor create england kind society god demanded servants colony mere commercial enterprise simply hiding place wrath god citadel god chosen spearhead protestantism part holy enterprise justify casting larger responsibilities justice peace clear winthrop part venture crucial weeks remained lincolnshire johnson impressed extraordinary urgency participation end forced admit speaking person issue plantation depends divers undertakers goe hesitate longer august rode cambridge eleven leading puritans signed agreement ready march embark england provided september government patent bee order court legally transferred established
april cold north atlantic sun warmth england ship rolled pitched groaned heavy gales landlubbers packed groaned winthrop routed periodically set playing games deck fresh air salt spray revived lagging spirits months heavy seas spare diet wearied land sighted cape sable june days later glimpse england hills mount desert fair fresh clear breeze bearing fragrance million fir trees smell shore smell garden days ship cruised west south gulf maine close passengers trees shore sweet smell land lingering nostrils caught outline white mountains distance june passed isles shoals ship lay anchor fishing bobbed merrily sight cape ann dark stood southwest gale finally rounding point sunrise morning wind tide curious eyes looked salem harbour sailed channel bakers island island cast anchor ten clock plum cove sea weary company women looked ashore straggling collection huts hovels canvas booths salem staggered crudity lay ahead
winthrop making headquarters charlestown set gathering food coming winter reliable ship captains master william lyon dispatched bristol bill exchange letter john money furnished buy provisions winthrop cruising coast trade corn find indians settlers willing sell pinnace brought hundred bushels cape cod indians bay dealt personally solemnity manner precisely attitude win respect took care relations terms assumption superiority carry english rule noted sachem visited gift corn english clothes set table behaved soberly englishman governor collected corn settlers digging literally carved caves hillsides dug cellars roofed constructed wigwams land forests dressed wood premium englishmen sawyers took rip boards saw pit frame houses settlements charlestown winthrop officers company lived house constructed sickness settlers attributed water charlestown plenty water wells ponds small spring englishmen considered water dubious beverage thought spring water trusted
winthrop eleven members massachusetts bay company met cambridge england august agreed england charter headquarters company transferred ten twelve pledge arriving winthrop shortly winthrop count members company england end handful massachusetts bay company endowed powers charter winthrop guarded papers charter king granted authority manner wholesome reasonable orders statutes ordinances directions instructions realm england settling forms ceremonies government plantation inhabitants officers superior inferior plantation distinguishing setting duties powers office place intended course extensive powers exercised corporation meeting england charter say actual limitation king company governmental authority massachusetts bay laws repugnant laws england settlers going colony england children born enjoy liberties immunities born england
winthrop believe transformed massachusetts democracy legislative power lodged select group according reading bible belonged winthrop action securing consent government affirmation principle governments derive powers consent governed believe officers chosen system simply agents elected rulers selected received authority god accountable god business enforce nation covenant god term office devoted business free act thought suiting actions circumstances winthrop believe properly qualified portion entitled determine form government established select persons run government operations performed role played form government chosen elect rulers ruler failed duty enforce laws god obliged turn waiting election duty authority absolute regardless errors judgment obliged submit submission rebellion authority god
winthrop faults magistrates elected serve deputy governor assistants kind unsuitable entrusted extensive powers worthy authority strict lenient sacrifice purity charity insist puritans doctrinaire magistrates carried weight winthrop things unfortunately combined hasty temper tendency carry beliefs logical conclusions absurdities happened present lecture boston speaker reverend john cotton asked women wear veils church details conscientious puritans likely concerned cotton considered question concluded veils feet argue winthrop records usual economy debate perceiving grow earnestness interposed brake issue women veils turned colony upside publicly cutting cross royal flag attractive warmth shortcomings easy forgive dudley important position colder simplicity attractive insistence jot tittle law prevailed pleaded case
williams troubled colony patent meeting assistants april summoned score magistrates ordered inhabitants freemen resident oath support colony government enemies roger williams saw measure source contamination godly proceeded sound alarm difficulty lay fact oath considered act worship magistrate presumably regenerate tender oath presumably unregenerate communion wicked worship god god vain williams separatism cropping form persuaded adopt view quickly argued error convinced government violating upholding word god court felt obliged temporarily drop oath charges williams williams separatism began spin faster threw succession strange opinions regenerate pray company unregenerate wife children give thanks sacrament meals resumed dangerous contention voiced leaving boston civil government authority religious matters punish breaches table ten commandments breaches caused disturbance civil peace
september hundred passengers disembarked boston bustling cluttered landing place picked dirty streets squalor place quail reminded holy ground worship god bishops kings ritual arrivals strengthened resolution thought william hutchinson wife anne winthrop hutchinson mild temper weak parts wholly guided wife wife anne hutchinson scarcely guided anne hutchinson written hands part writers main purpose discredit force intelligence character penetrate leave angry writers intended victim winthrop tells outset woman ready wit bold spirit absurd understatement winthrop common century believed women minds stand strain profound theological speculation anne hutchinson excelled wit ability extend theological proposition ramifications women roger williams ready trust mind follow path lead path led boston
winthrop usual sure things listen reason usual set black white reason hoped listen fortunately presenting document opponents copy friend thomas shepard pastor cambridge saw winthrop theologian winthrop knew opponents necessity living match speculating arguments judge shepard criticisms winthrop text lost studded expressions smacked shepard warned convince selfe hold foorth worse winthrop destroyed composition boston remained deluded defiant winthrop headway church rest colony beginning alarm members boston faction religious fanatics content march quietly short cut heaven hoped entice rest colony thought visit congregations ministers method prove effective mrs hutchinson winning words general court began notice problem governor henry vane found popularity ebbing boston rapidly winthrop inside petulant fit tears vane offered resign general court obligingly agreed let alarmed boston adherents enjoyed champion governor chair coaxed hard stay finally allowed persuaded
kind separatism wore appearance virtue selfishness looks virtuous expanded patriotism separatism separate indulged wrong individual appears nation rate nation winthrop expert detecting suppressing separatism successful keeping massachusetts true commission rest laggard succumbed thinking england god residence pages journal frequently depicted england sink iniquity inside england ventured peril instance accepted question rumor virginia god extreme pride drunken custom person begun tread downward path massachusetts casual indictment virginia showed clearly winthrop thought colony fate wife left join equally indicative friends persuaded urged stay awhile notwithstanding vessel heard sudden death thought spell judgment heaven winthrop able discern god favor chosen displeasure rest report reached abroad god favor winthrop mind included plymouth connecticut haven massachusetts
civil war broke england predominantly side parliament annual election officers oath allegiance suggested king making war parliament forfeited allegiance agreed omit mention oath later winthrop put malignant spirits began stir declare king general court cracked order forbidding support royalist action word writing apparent parliament coming top struggle order dictated desire avoid giving offense winning side winthrop certainly guiding consideration shared general sympathy parliamentary caution grew gap english american puritanism widened eager side parliament massachusetts need protection aroused parliament attempt impose religious schemes massachusetts parliament religious schemes mean things presbyterianism hand toleration heretical erroneous doctrines rhode island congregational puritanism developed lines england proliferating variety opinions joined belief toleration settlements roger williams followers providence mrs hutchinson island south providence led samuel gorton beliefs worse neighbors
winthrop tell continue live future rest hastening imitate surprise god ready save evil brought control rejoice live massachusetts winthrop felt relieved general court decided send england counter expected attack child court decided afraid drawn parliament lost winthrop doubtless asked happier stay home land grown love nearer end knew summer margaret died woman noted quietly journal singular virtue prudence modesty piety specially beloved honored country loved warmth glows line addressed learned living mourning dishonor god winthrop chosen governor spring married charlestown widow named martha presented son sixty tenacious hold ill weeks fever abroad business business living massachusetts journal set homely details scarcity corn trade west indies azores abundance passenger pigeons plague brown flies bigness top finger burning barn salem discovery path connecticut drowning persons ventured thin ice winter
carl sympathy south touched utter ruin prevail traveling south mission president countryside looked miles broad black streak ruin desolation fences lonesome smoke stacks surrounded dark heaps ashes cinders marking spots human habitations stood fields road wildly overgrown weeds sickly patch cotton corn cultivated negro squatters columbia wilderness crumbling walls naked chimneys trees killed flames hour spent argument burned proud carolina town room debating fact deal south carolina howling waste captain daniel mattered returning soldier gray sherman grant wrought havoc defensive scorched earth policy confederates brought damage doubtless sides mattered staggering magnitude task challenging responsible southerner looked broken scattered pieces knew loved knew begin begin heart rending task trying put pieces eleven states union awaiting readmission pleasure mercy north economy south smashed local resources rebuilding meager thousands white refugees wandered land home treatment receive returned
reid sidney andrews northern visitors south encouraged yankee capitalist part southern frontier months war important representatives northern business community investing southern ventures ranging plantations railroads syndicate northern purchased extensive coal fields james river richmond investing capital turpentine lumber business north carolina yankees set exciting profitable task postwar south northern businessman determined confederate firm hand future anxious course south resume normal relations rest country soon slightly skeptical effect unreconstructed southern economic social philosophy position regard federal government indispensable ally business ventures shuddered thought relationship undermined uncontrollable south listened uneasily rumors regarding southern hostility yankee invest south wanted spell defeat dissipation dearly earned capital peace thomas conway agent freedmen bureau survey chamber commerce york determine possibilities investing capital south concluded northerners wanted advance loans crops purchase lands assist south economic rehabilitation ways impediments investments
early november free color orleans addressed appeal governor asking allowed register vote reviewed services city reminded ceased peaceable citizens paying taxes assessments running millions receiving satisfaction appealed general banks likewise rejected plea appeal directly president lincoln promising impressed march congratulatory message free governor louisiana discussing franchise louisiana president took liberty barely suggest private consideration colored let instance intelligent especially fought gallantly ranks president thinking proposal intimates study decided course pursue regarding negroes heroically vindicated manhood battle field assisting save republic demonstrated blood ballot concluded restoration rebel states union rest principle civil political equality races suggestion president making concrete proposal white leaders louisiana importance recognizing significant implications changed status negroes enlisting union army scores thousands total number slave states reach war end
historians scant attention southern legislatures general area social economic reconstruction deal attention enactment laws affecting negroes understandable black codes enacted civil war greatest concern southern legislatures forecast remarkable degree future attitude confederates place negro south american variations embodied common features recognized negroes hold property sue sued legal marriages offspring important qualifications negroes competent witnesses cases parties negroes negroes intermarried whites guilty felony punishable prison term apparently important slaveholders strictures laws covering contracts negro laborers white employers mississippi authorized person arrest return employer negro quit expiration contracted term labor person receive states stern provisions enticing persuading negro desert legal employment expiration contract apprentice laws gave preference owners hiring minors parents providing support final feature labor provisions black codes vagrancy laws mississippi persons lawfully employed january arrested vagrants convicted unable pay fine hired person pay fine require shortest period labor return similar laws enacted states
richmond negroes asserted invidious political legal distinctions account color merely inconsistent respect nashville distressed federal government left protection knowing services rendered preservation union maintenance laws north carolina negroes asked oppressive laws unjust discriminations account race color wiped statutes similar pleas jackson mississippi alexandria virginia charleston south carolina places negroes met invariably asked franchise invariably insisted basis contributions national welfare entitled confederates completely formulated policies thirty ninth congress met advocates stronger restoration measures seen convinced confederate entitled representatives sit congress congress assume lawful responsibility taking reconstruction congress short shrift southern congressmen impudent claimants stevens called refusing seat serving official notice recognize reconstruction program president proceeded set joint committee fifteen composed senators members house representatives inquire condition states formed called confederate states america report entitled represented congress report acted congress member received confederate states
johnson accused opponents preaching bloodshed civil war charity wisdom asserted andrew jackson stephen douglas alive support policies careless irresponsible harangues philadelphia york embarrassing friends revolting critics undignified exchanges boisterous ill tempered comments directed differed played hands enemies chicago banners waved proclaiming welcome traitors indianapolis pittsburgh president literally driven platform november widely conceded congressional elections substantially improve position radicals radical victories overwhelming places decisive indiana radicals won eleven seats congress york won nineteen thirty seats president position deteriorated victories opponents election results radicals position demand ratification fourteenth amendment confederate states demand south despaired found president source consolation reversing earlier decision conciliatory congress advise south accept amendment message session thirty ninth congress opened wounds criticized body failing admit southern members southern states emboldened face superior radical strength continue policy rejecting fourteenth amendment
evidence considerable number negro migrants north interested country term extravagance flourish negro rule express disgust common descriptions equally inaccurate thomas conway pointed months war northerners including teacher preacher merchant mechanic laborer discharged union soldier ready move south persuaded northern south purchase land loans advances crops fears sufficient law order maintain security investments south continued reconstruction period november sidney andrews observed massachusetts business charleston estimated half stores principal streets city run northern careers captain chamberlain general john wilder ohio illustrate kind activities numerous called carpetbaggers engaged chamberlain mustered union army knoxville entered iron coal business knoxville regarded real founder modern iron industry south ohio chamberlain joined general wilder late wilder lightning brigade ohio organize iron company bought large tracts coal iron land engaged extensively operation coke works iron mines furnaces involved industrial financial ventures including dixie portland cement company brookside cotton mills knoxville national bank chattanooga
difficult exaggerate eagerness negroes close war secure education negro conventions held drew resolutions requesting states provide educational facilities negroes states turned deaf ear florida special provisions education negroes imposing tax negro male twenty forty cents month pupil negro parents seized opportunity send children school scores thousands negroes availing educational opportunity schools set freedmen bureau religious societies philanthropic agencies booker washington desire effort learn witness difficulty comprehending washington observed race trying school young attempt learn fast kind teachers secured schools filled night schools negroes avid desire learning combined factors produce system public education southern states anxiety poorer whites overcome educational disadvantages ante bellum planters steadfastly refused support public education belief afford educated sons daughters private schools tutored home help poorer classes unable educate children factor widespread commitment northerners south idea universal education
matters constitutional conventions took critical question land observers north south watched interest disposition matter negroes forty acres expropriation mules relieved program materialized confiscation redistribution land south carolina negroes hoped federal government lend money purchase land considering eventuality unlikely convention created commission purchase land resell negroes mississippi committee convention recommended steps relieve widespread destitution suggestion land redistribution negroes privately hoped planters opposed kind relief commanding general desired press point convention members sought extend relief poor actions regard generally successful efforts facilitate acquisition land negroes exemptions taxes personal property real property attest desire stability provided land equipment abolition imprisonment debt relieved poorer classes closely allied desire obtain land desire provide constitutional basis wide range social welfare programs florida authorized courts provide inhabitants reason age infirmity misfortune claims aid sympathy society north carolina establishing board public charities provisions poor unfortunate orphans duties civilized christian
public school system expensive states re entered union legislatures began implement provisions free universal education written constitutions public school system operation south south carolina louisiana attempt put operation racially mixed school system south carolina effort wholly unsuccessful louisiana scarcely systems education increased expenses poverty stricken educationally backward region operating school system mississippi spent education government activities combined south carolina provide free textbooks children pay found unable raise sufficient funds finance expensive school program poverty inability states collect taxes inefficiency corruption places prevented successful operation schools pattern instances admitted system operating successfully children south carolina schools later students attending schools similar increases found states included negro white students governments took steps significant raised salaries expense allowances officials increased number officials innovations expensive needless constitutional conventions legislatures repealed objectionable features black codes
young organized late frolicking secret lodge known order ku klux klan invisible empire unaware bored impatient claimed defense young bloods village pulaski tennessee wanton attacks helpless negroes young looking fun nearest negro settlement performing service white community whipped negroes line negroes political factor governments southern states hands confederates klan organization perfected spreading parts south institution chivalry humanity mercy patriotism matter months selected adopted ritual begun negroes area soon chapters dens officers bearing ominous titles dragons hydras titans night hawks spring delegates states met convention nashville general nathan forrest head organization grand wizard members respective homes fired determination nullify program congressional reconstruction getting longer sufficient frighten negroes dress weird rituals night rides social business ostracism white radicals intimidation effective means violence conceivable negroes purchase votes sellers glorifying white race especially white womanhood klan grimly moved wreck phase radical reconstruction
difficult understand flower southern manhood surrendered leadership klan irresponsible element community klan leaders alabama generals james erstwhile whig lawyer john morgan future united states senator mississippi leading general albert pike poet journalist explorer north carolina leaders zebulon vance governor william saunders confederate colonel editor colonial records georgia general john gordon wealthy insurance executive grand wizard general nathaniel bedford forrest strong fort pillow forrest denounced lawlessness employed bogus klans respectable element supported position dissociated outfit seizing opportunity satisfy private vengeance disarm harmless negroes thought movements distinction nearly clear forrest attempted hard put distinguish lawful violence klan unlawful violence disreputable element assassination alabama judge klan eyes law murder negro voters hoodlums final analysis respectable organization remains prime violence counter reconstruction measure congressional reconstruction chance success put lawlessness rapidly destroying semblance political economic stability south stand fight survival governments realized hand governor william tennessee vigorous defenders radical reconstruction outraged violent counter reconstruction movement formal inception
decision case dealt effective blow effort protect negroes exercising franchise united states reese court held unconstitutional significant provisions enforcement act court declared fifteenth amendment confer suffrage merely sought prevent states united states discriminating matters account race color previous condition servitude congress empowered merely enact legislation prevent discrimination forbidden amendment act court stated scope powers congress unconstitutional victory counter reconstructionists complete decision supreme court president mood enforce reconstruction congress turning attention matters federal judiciary finding legal basis crucial enforcement measures prospect holding line tireless opponents congressional reconstruction remained nation cognizance fact reconstruction shambles states longer pretense conservatives power begun systematically destroy vestige reconstruction program south carolina florida louisiana redeemed south carolina red shirts inspired success counter reconstruction mississippi resolved place conservative column organizing workingmen democratic associations pledged employ loyal democrats programs violence intimidation moved overthrowing reconstruction government
achievement republican victory democratic acquiescence fascinating stories related end reconstruction agreement democrats concede election hayes bitter fight credited house bargain february date southern congressmen major burke represented democratic claimant governorship louisiana arranged meeting influential republicans john sherman james garfield charles foster stanley matthews republicans assured democrats hayes evil designs south democrats accept election hayes president withdraw remaining troops south carolina louisiana importance bargain exaggerated vann woodward argued provisions bargain insufficient placate south withdrawal troops satisfied remained states tilden committed withdrawing democrats presidency home rule considerations important factors leading south acquiescence election hayes reunion reaction woodward examines elaborate scheme secure presidency hayes hatched moment appeared lost election group sensitive discerning republicans realizing responsible democrats south countenance violence threatened southerners secure presidency tilden began overtures
redeemers alleged corruption extravagance reconstruction governments based claims office promise deal sternly offenders eliminate dishonest practices future office deal sternly offenders redeemers frequently shared spoils republican officeholders elimination dishonest practices matter redeemers power clearly proved republicans monopoly sides share apparently universal public immorality officials georgia including treasurer comptroller general commissioner agriculture resigned fire impeached scandals irregularities conduct offices treasurer virginia indicted escaped trial plea insanity treasurers tennessee virginia disappeared confederate veteran active movement restore honesty government similar arkansas kentucky mississippi louisiana professions promises claims behalf redeemers failed provide south governments free faults laid door radicals reconstruction south union leadership strikingly south seceded period brought sure place north section expressed deep feelings slavery human degradation war preserve union transformed
addition studies sex role stereotypes checklist responses generated descriptions checklists encourage responding beliefs characteristics males females actual experience sexes stereotyping found asked give description males females asked check adjective list frieze strauss research stereotypes present exaggerated picture beliefs sexes caution mind notable consistent stereotyped differences women characterized warm expressive oriented seen active levelheaded dominant achievement oriented studies asked rate social desirability trait researchers found masculine poles considered women socially desirable feminine poles adult regardless sex negative bias regarding women artifact specific items group fact traits chosen characteristic sexes larger number traits suggests uneven evaluation sex roles researchers found similar evidence negative bias feminine traits investigator sandra bem found feminine traits rated highly masculine sensitive needs balance negatively valued traits typically attributed feminine role masculine role implications reaching
related problems design lack precise objective definitions behavior studied selective perception shifting anchor points problem refers fact evaluate male female behavior differently seen active boy seen active girl depend rater definitions behavior function sex function sex rater imprecise measures behavior limit study findings syndrome definitions actual physiological measures cycle phase varied enormously study study relying reports relying varying physiological measurements varying intervals fact testosterone level difficult measure males contributed lack attention paid hatton major research designs studying sex differences limitations detailed summary correlation studies demonstrate causation frequently interpreted unsophisticated readers researchers correlation anxiety phase led assume hormones determine mood females relation caused variable expectation amount flow causation occur opposite direction anxiety bring menstruation retrospective questionnaires suffer reliance individual memory selectively lead respondent provide information asking negative mood function menstrual phase
found physical symptom reports heavily affected psychosocial factors found misleading college undergraduates actual cycle phase obtain reports severe physical symptoms water retention pain subjects believed phase learned associations beliefs lead woman exaggerate overstate feeling results temper conclusions based report data regarding magnitude menstrual related physiological bases attention paid psychological especially mood thought menstrual cycle research area deficiencies design interpretation research problems introduction part general conclusions drawn females experience increase anxiety dalton anxiety related amount anticipated flow hormone levels females experience increase hostility levels related amount chemical mao blood mao increases progesterone levels implicated affective disorders personality occur cycle exaggerations existing traits occur month landers general statement females show similar reference menstrual cycle show consistent individual behavior pattern clayton hamburg
behavior physiological basis aggression influenced cultural norms augmented diminished evidence environmental biological interaction true animals aggressive behavior influenced rearing previous encounters amount fighting experience connor press studied responses fourth sixth eighth graders stories male female character behaved aggressively passively differential degrees approval behavior found depending sex story character engaged behavior assertive behavior viewed desirable males passive behavior desirable females sex differences children responded types behaviors greater approval girls passive behaviors greater approval boys aggressive behaviors behaviors perceived children aged sex stereotyped perceptions undoubtedly affect children evaluate behaviors peers examining social behaviors findings research measures sex typing support assertion behaviors function sex role socialization masculine sex typed individuals lowest disclosure nonverbal sensitivity empathy nurturance feminine sex typed individuals lowest assertiveness independence bem bem al fischer grande lombardo friendship patterns boys girls reflect socialization pressures argues girls expected concerned interpersonal situations girls tend intimate boys pressured independence assertion tend intimate friendships
difficult obtain precise figures culture males females apt homosexual experience exclusively homosexual athanasiou al hunt al difficulty obtaining precise estimates derives fact homosexuality exclusive identification homosexuality points continuum sexual orientation points homosexual fantasies experience homosexual experience prefer heterosexual classifying heterosexual homosexual depends definitions terms number category vary difficulty obtaining accurate figures homosexuality stigma society garfinkle reluctant admit engaging homosexual behaviors sexual attraction sex members common age approximately women homosexual experience hunt al number exclusive homosexuals age males females smaller figures cited homosexual experiences athanasiou al hunt al findings approximate culture greater stigma attached male homosexuality greater persecution male homosexuals case female counterparts garfinkle review studies difference social opinion reflect greater importance status society attaches masculine
explaining sex differences sexual behavior examining differences status power sexes culture live patriarchy hold economic material power holds direct consequences sexual behavior major consequence patriarchy millet points females obtain economic material security barter sexual availability marriage prostitution females sex means end subordinating desires male distorting image personality process end women afraid getting hooked found reasons women reluctant create orgasms masturbation requesting behaviors partner habit fear losing love especially fear economic recrimination marriage laws woman required sexual intercourse husband need enjoy enjoy woman financially emotionally dependent position demand equality bed consequence patriarchy control women biological functioning laws institutions regulating contraception pregnancy childbirth run women prevented controlling bodies sexuality remains tied reproductive functioning sexuality tied reproduction limit woman sexuality dependence limits career educational plans late increasing challenges aspect patriarchy continuing battle abortion laws contraceptive availability struggle
age mates serve strong socializing agents increasingly important school cases peer pressure stronger effective parental adult pressure adolescence coleman katz preschool peers influence sex role behaviors friends found preschoolers gave fewer reactions general negative reactions classmates play masculine feminine sex typed toys terms children addition boys preferred feminine sex typed toys received positive feedback likely play boys class findings studies connor al press suggest children adopt traditional forms sex role behavior socially acceptable peers adopt traditional behaviors true boys serves intense socialization rigid sex role behaviors affected peer responses aggressiveness assertiveness passivity connor associates press found girls expect disapproval peers passive behavior disapproval aggressive behaviors male classmates expectations justified assertiveness regarded desirable males females sex role stereotypes influence children respond children influence willingness children models beginning preschool boys girls increasingly separate sex groups process intensifies child enters school noted chapter boys tend larger friendship groups girls tend influenced
message hears tv women important competent dominant authoritative aggressive women women depicted fewer situations likely working shown negative modeling important process sex role development models presented tv stereotyped extreme adults affected exposed constant barrage tv sex role stereotypes help reinforce adults sex role training training nontraditional tv encourage traditional conceptions sex roles legitimate question arises regarding impact tv person attitudes behaviors controversy area increasing body research shows tv effects significant especially children group skilled adults distinguishing fantasy reality apa monitor eysenck interesting series experiments university delaware florence colleagues jennings taylor brown jennings porter jennings brown press demonstrated powerful effect tv commercials college student viewers researchers videotaped replicas network commercials showing traditional sex role divisions produced matching commercials sex roles reversed study al found sex role stereotypes depended role actor sex actors playing authoritative role males traditional version females reversed role version rated rational independent dominant ambitious actors playing supportive role
extent child religious instruction receives training sex role stereotypes virtually major religions including christian religions dominant america strong emphases sexes acting ways consistent traditional patriarchal society andreas testament god clearly perceived male creating male human female subservient male adam eve story viewed rationalization patriarchy eve treachery brings downfall adam succeeding generations condemned suffer childbirth hard faithful submissive wife earlier versions testament god depicted creating adam woman lilith adam accord lilith equal treatment exile emerging later mythology snake eve version creation picture status sexes promulgated references bible females clearly depicted secondary males subject statements especially reproductive functioning menstruating women unclean testament double image woman madonna virgin mary whore mary conveyed double messages female sexuality religious hierarchies power prestige reserved exclusively males recently males priests popes ministers rabbis catholic church female clergy roman catholic women participating mass distribution eucharist
interpretation wonder females males higher rates emotional disturbance likely diagnosed disturbed show healthy adult behaviors likely fit male centered psychotherapy explanation account larger number married women psychotherapy fully account differences marital status explanation mental health statistics tudor favor centers concept role conflict women roles susceptible mental problems se conflict strain roles hold promotes mental illness view women role modern industrial societies seen number characteristics produce stress place women typically restricted single role housewife roles breadwinner husband father means potential sources satisfaction women part married women strain holding jobs inside home strain satisfying job money prestige fewer job openings career roadblocks emotionally full homemakers bernard recent studies found working wives high levels stress fridays saturdays household chores tasks predominantly rest york times august performing jobs lead emotional problems stress toll emotionally physically
adolescence friendships intense adults benefit support enrichment close friends provide research suggests male friendships intimate females crawford cited horn studied married couples found women close friend women study specifically named sex friend contrast named married couple friends women defined friendships terms trust confidentiality emphasized companionship similar sex differences found study friendship patterns noninstitutionalized adults powers closer look nature female female male male male female friendships ages warranted noted girls group likely boys group close intimate relationships small number manner young girls relate young boys relate describes typical pattern friendships girls alternating intimacy repudiation girls experience observe close relationship friends broken girl triad reassemble configuration shortly pattern arise overt forms aggression dominance sanctioned girls covert aggression takes place aggression potent overt aggression experiences lay groundwork girls develop core sense mistrust females
parents birth child involves greater involved marriage period reflected findings child free couples describe lives positive terms young children child free women experience stress comparable women children campbell parent child relationships undergoing marked recent spurred women liberation movement resulting sex role stereotypic behavior population growth control contraception van sheldon noted changing patterns fathers taking active roles child care mothers working figure shows percentage married women holding employment husband present mothers school aged children worked double number number mothers labor force children tripled period altogether nearly half mothers working figure comparable number married women children labor force married women expected full homemaker mother times september childbearing patterns changing david baldwin van sheldon women fewer children later birth rate average children family lower level reached depression average american family children
androgyny concept problems built obsolescence bem androgyny separate masculine feminine stereotypic characteristics stop adhering characteristics sex role stereotypes modified distinct androgyny current sense longer meaningful problem speaking expressive attributes sex role attributes spence suggest androgyny mean flexible integration expressive qualities sex typing qualities problem androgyny relates concept research increasing evidence instruments measure androgyny measuring identical concepts wilson scoring methods yield results imply definitions androgyny spence research problem concepts measured complex researchers acknowledged bem gross small powell richardson jacobson factor analytic studies shown current scales involve masculinity factors assertiveness dominance instrumentality independence femininity factors interpersonal sensitivity caring immaturity ellen identifies additional research problems rigidly held values androgyny sex typing mean research projects integration androgyny research traditional personality social psychology research problems resolved viewed reflecting increasing maturity androgyny research
vehicle personal change experiential groups groups training groups groups helpful opening feelings improving listening skills interpersonal sensitivity reason businesses instituted programs improve effectiveness staff interestingly precisely areas women competent due sex role socialization putting women qualified influential positions achieve business objectives helps increase interpersonal sensitivity encouraged robert lewis reports increasing number attending intimacy workshops conducted conferences united states canada workshops focus developing disclosure communication skills ability extend affection reported experiences powerful told wife feeling wait home tell relief education general specific fourth promote individual change women studies studies courses sex roles proliferated college cases high school level american psychological association apa officially accepted psychology women legitimate field study establishing separate association division division nearly female male members published journal field growing increasing number papers presented meetings books journal articles dissertations denmark national women studies association founded edition studies bibliography february pages references
myth husbands pay social security taxes earnings wives services homemakers fact charge foundation era impact establishment social security benefits homemaking activities concept homemaker credit excellent idea require enactment separate law myth era male fact era guarantees equality sexes laws discriminate alimony child custody laws eliminated interestingly columnist ellen goodman noted supreme court decision ruling alimony women era forces male protested extending equal parenthood alimony rights demonstrating deep seated reluctance let hook myths abound regarding era cases fostered era groups sensationalism receive press coverage stick minds despite factual result factors passage era uncertain success effort extend deadline june suggests ratification legal battle centered abortions july congress passed amendment prevented medicaid funds abortions effect denied low income women legal safe abortion despite supreme court ruling restrictions abortions unconstitutional congressional amendment declared unconstitutional january groups pressuring congress ban legal abortions constitutional amendment call amendment passed states july
sociologists social scientists agree definition social problems types phenomena included rubric escape making judgments pursue impossible research uncontaminated personal political sympathies values scholar researcher affect choice questions answers study poverty social scientist examine poor system tends perpetuate poverty segment society study problems youth major question youth troublesome adults adults trouble youth questions yield results recognize study social problems free type problems researched strategies employed tend support undermine existing societal arrangements seen types social research political tendency label political research challenges system research finds fault social system behalf powerless implies system questioned charge typically arises research biased becker logic situation accuse fellow sociologists bias think inspection representative instances show accusation arises important class cases research credence perspective subordinate group hierarchical relationship case hierarchical relationship moral
karl marx history greatest social theorists ideas fueled revolutionaries revolutions writings enormous impact social sciences intellectual contributions sociology include elaboration conflict model society theory social change based antagonisms social classes insight power originated primarily economic production concern social origins alienation marx believed basis social order society production economic goods produced produced exchanged determine differences wealth power social status marx argued human beings organize activities order clothe feed house society built economic base exact form organization takes varies society society era era form chose solve basic economic problems according marx eventually determine virtually social structure including polity family structure education religion marx view social institutions dependent basic economy analysis society reveal underlying economic arrangements owns means production social class power noneconomic institutions uphold position marx believed religion government educational system sport powerful maintain status quo marx argued economic system socialism produces forces eventually lead economic form feudal system market factory emerged incompatible feudal market created professional merchant class factory created proletariat
supply say return pure capitalism benefit official policy reagan administration prosperity grow social problems subside marketplace hindered government actions promote economic growth taxes reduced especially top levels government statutes bureaucratic regulations thwart business eliminated result increase supply goods services turn increase demand benefits supply argue accrue policy tax reductions actually increase tax revenues stimulating higher production encouraging taxable activities expansion production demand lower unemployment reduce poverty short supply believe promoting capitalism create wealth taxpayers corporations mom pop stores government advancing technology entrepreneurial spirit triumph economic problems facing contemporary society supply key breakthrough stimulate industrial expansion reducing taxes rich corporations reduction encourage risk investment turn foster opportunities classes create wealth progress according george premier supply economics government welfare unemployment payments public service jobs quantities deter productive raises taxes profitable enterprise pay demand declines essential insight supply side economics government significantly affect real aggregate demand policies taxing spending taking money giving government tax policy reliably influence real incomes changing incentives suppliers
labor market operates trap minority group members job segmented american society dual labor market essentially types employers labor market operating differently employers primary core enterprises heavily capitalized unionized offer jobs high wages working conditions security fringe benefits chance advancement type marginal employers pay lowest wages deplorable working conditions garment industry restaurants farming jobs require skills employers interested workers minimal demands workers agitate wages working conditions soon replaced job security generally large pool persons teenagers convicts recent migrants rural areas recent immigrants poor bottom labor market access jobs considered part american dream security pay chances advancement low educational attainment lack skills minority group members jobs unstable average wages dead end poor black chicano likely end jobs institutions society programmed sifting sorting individuals according predetermined categories age race sex socioeconomic background chapter city minority schools actually prepare youth dead end jobs encouraging disadvantaged backgrounds drop socializing ways joan moore argued young school dropout prepared jobs peripheral firms socialized schools expect learns cope finally abandon hope pleasing teacher establishes patterns truancy tardiness evasion school rules
bilingual education promotes learning education secretary bell decision scrape department rules bilingual education eliminate bilingual instruction supreme court ruled unanimously failing give non english speaking children special language instruction deprived equal education equality treatment merely providing students facilities textbooks teachers curriculum students understand english effectively foreclosed meaningful education justice william douglas wrote case nichols involved chinese speaking children san francisco court sort language instruction offered number states approved bilingual education laws connecticut requires bilingual instruction offered school districts children speak foreign language parents enroll children bilingual classes want children spanish speaking receive bilingual instruction connecticut federal regulations aimed states school districts acted carry supreme court decision regulations frozen congress summer finally killed bell week school districts obligation educate children speak english states local school boards simply option deciding method prefer school districts small numbers non english speaking students choose immerse youngster english quicky need english skills immediately survive environment cities hartford bridgeport york chicago large ethnic communities find bilingual education effective prevent children falling subjects learn language
belong classification known wives wife altogether incidentally mother ago male friend mine appeared scene fresh recent divorce child course wife obviously looking wife thought ironing evening suddenly occurred wife want wife school economically independent support need support dependent want wife send school going school want wife care children want wife track children doctor dentist appointments track mine want wife sure children eat properly clean want wife wash children clothes mended want wife attendant children arranges schooling makes sure adequate social peers takes park zoo cetera want wife takes care children sick wife arranges children need special care course miss classes school wife arrange lose lose job mean small cut wife income guess tolerate
evidence educational performance linked socioeconomic background clear advantages children affluent poor enormous seen illustration study carnegie council children jimmy grader pays attention school enjoys school records show reading slightly grade level slightly average bobby grader school town enjoys school test scores similar jimmy bobby safe bet enter college times likely jimmy bet complete twelve times likely jimmy bobby schooling jimmy twenty times likely jimmy land job late forties pay income top tenth incomes jimmy chance earning median income odds arithmetic inequality america bobby son successful lawyer annual salary puts top percent united states income distribution jimmy father complete high school works messenger custodial assistant earnings put bottom percent research bowles gintis makes point socioeconomic background determines education receives found lowest percent socioeconomic background average scores highest percent receive average fewer education
according advocates affirmative action common virtually programs decision race relevant factors determining admissions universities continue insist applications selected qualified programs resulted selection minority applicants deemed unlikely succeed school practice professions pool qualified applicants ordinarily larger number places professional school selects minority applicants combined scores grade point average aptitude test lower nonminority applicants accepted invariably factors weighed admissions process white applicants accepted scores lower applicants rejected variety justifications affirmative consideration race admissions process absence minorities numbers profession benefits students profession achieving diversity student body profession admission minority applicants need train professionals serve role models younger minority need train professionals serve needs poor minority communities working communities encouraging nonminority professionals need give special consideration minority applicants result poor education economic burdens numerical scores necessarily reflect abilities doubt history racial exclusion professional schools approved medical schools official policies denying black applicants admission solely basis race official policies racial exclusion abandoned number black medical students remained small
food resources increased dramatically meet current demands limit earth production capacity reached able expand meet demands rapidly growing population pessimistic outlook lester brown leading expert population resources president institute brown conclusion based number factors food production momentum slowing annual grain production nearly doubled million metric tons billion tons slowed billion metric tons dwindling supply cropland tenth land surface plow remainder marginal brown feels cropland increased percent population increases increase reducing amount cereal land acre person acre person productivity cropland reduced loss topsoil erosion overgrazing deforestation semi arid regions irrigated land losing productivity lowered water tables underground drainage inadequate existing cropland gradually reduced growth cities highway construction energy production fertilizer yielding diminishing returns additional million tons fertilizer increased grain harvest million tons million tons fertilizer yielded million tons additional grain production fish beef population growth reducing production capita according brown situation critical food production simply meet demands stabilized population billion projected united nations
american economy technology affluent style dependent huge quantities cheap fuel petroleum production reliance oil imported jolted major oil producing nations opec boycotted west boycott created tremendous shortages gasoline heating oil demonstrating americans longer complacent energy message underscored intervening iranian crisis caused shortages message energy crisis clear incredible price increases oil delivered united states barrel percent increase americans unprepared developments automobile industry producing large heavy powerful gas guzzling cars trucks recreational vehicles homes built inadequate insulation concern conservation energy office buildings factories constructed regard saving energy behaviors individuals wasteful energy result non conserving acts percent annual growth rate petroleum rate doubled usage boycott americans continued waste energy resources daily imports million barrels oil increased million barrels dependence foreign oil increased percent percent appears watershed significant occurred reduce consumption oil dependence foreign oil declined percent percent million barrels amount oil consumption declined percent natural gas percent demand hydroelectric power percent
according proponents atomic energy pristine theory nation dollar nuclear fuel cycle clear smooth safe free flowing energy giving stream supplies percent power today according predictions nuclear power proponents reach percent mark play knowledgeable role forthcoming momentous public decisions energy decisions vitally affect health generations worth taking look nuclear fuel cycle begins uranium key ingredient today nuclear process bright yellow ore leaves mine percent uranium found nature nuclear fuel uranium rest winds nuclear reactors produce manmade substance plutonium mine uranium moves series complex processes including enrichment procedure eventually uranium dioxide brown powder pressed ceramic fuel pellets pellets sealed welded thin walled alloy fuel tubes rods fourteen feet assembled bundles bundles fifty rods millions uranium fuel pellets ringed form cylindrical nuclear fuel core weighing tons core lowered atomic power plant reactor equivalent boiler conventional fossil fuel steam power plant produce heat drive turbine turn propels generator produces electricity radioactive waste materials produced splitting uranium atoms nuclear reactor begin interfere fission process uranium fuel utilized
elements propensity criminal activity seen mainly type morality refers individual wrong weight legal moral rules making choices morality understands action serve purpose gotten wrong action bring ill success punishment individual morality influenced authority opposed power morality conventional defines action duty authority require laws moral rules constraining effect absence enforcement apparatus morality defines action accord universal general principle considers worthy choice individual constrained law principle chosen requires requires obey law thinks law question course constraint law ego strength refers individual ability control especially ability adhere act intentions manage impulses ability efforts reform radically deficient ego strength conceive implement plan action succession fleeting resolves action pressure circumstances horizon refers perspective individual takes estimating costs benefits alternative courses action
strength british plan surely decreases number addicts occurs incentive push drugs newcomers organized crime addicts financing habits drug purchased doctor supervision number addicts likely shrink excitement challenge illegal drug fact united states british model treat addicts addiction problem fact handled british addicts members upper class money status treated persons medical problem practice similar heroin maintenance united states experimented methadone maintenance methadone heroin substitute orally addictive heroin considered safer effects longer heroin addict needs fix times drug user drowsy net effect methadone user easily continue productive member society steal habit strength plans addicts labeled criminals considered medical moral problem equally important addicts remain participating members community conservative critics heroin methadone maintenance argue programs encourage wider hard drugs assert plans acceptable americans continue label addicts criminals sinful
according traditionalists experience interesting subject analysis due fact emerging pattern rediscovery problem forms strata population visible prevailing notions nature addiction challenged ultimately require revision illustrate inventory recent beliefs addiction presented listing complete internally consistent qualities reflect current art notions heroin addiction disease principal paths addict frequently associating adolescent reference group emotionally disturbed experimenting drugs experiencing amount turbulence childhood poor family relationships parental drug taking parental criminal behavior predispose addiction heroin addiction symptom inadequate personality development depression mental distress effort medication heroin addicts casualties society failed acquire requisite economic problem solving skills successful participation rapidly changing addiction escape hostile violent overcrowded environment mid late witnessed rapid increase illicit drugs youth general accounts marijuana smoking american military personnel vietnam appeared press beginning stories tended spread largely unwarranted alarm members public importantly resulted large scale military crackdown virtually set stage lucrative sale heroin american soldiers vietnam beginning
consequences child abuse obvious physical injuries fractures burns internal damage neurological dysfunctions lead permanent damage death physical disabilities mental anguish resulting abuse lead problems learning speech acceptable behavior patterns psychological problems obvious consequence trauma abused parents parental abuse found fundamental reason children running home incest forms child abuse account percent runaways runaway children adolescents generally additional negative consequences higher incidence malnutrition health problems assault involvement criminal activity especially prostitution male female adults mistreated children greater tendency violent mistreated prone child abusers likely violent family studies volunteers vietnam war support assertion study compared young volunteered combat duty green berets sample young evaded draft canada jail study found green berets overwhelmingly autocratic homes fathers dominant parental power authority infallible parents strict threatened children corporal punishment delivered corporal punishment demanded unswerving obedience children maintained control primarily fear war resisters contrast families parents loving majority felt parents helpful patient affectionate allowed increasing freedom movement independence rules families rigid
social condition social problem publicly perceived mere existence social condition poverty government corruption drug abuse social problem problem perceive problematic condition exists decades centuries regarded problem immemorial women regarded inferior refused equal opportunity areas recently significant part population perceived condition undesirable combination social condition public perception discrimination women social problem modern america similarly likely social conditions regarded problems today social problems ahead public perceptions change sociologists try identify latent problems order predict social concerns future public perception social problem naturally depends extent visible problem reason groups newly aware problem try bring public attention dramatic methods social movements civil rights women liberation tax reduction try publicize grievances realize situation complain widely perceived social problem social action solve success efforts problem visible depends largely willingness mass media newspapers tv publicize media important function modern societies focusing newsworthy activities aggrieved groups increase public awareness emerging social problems help set agenda remedial social action
seen functionalist approach problem rapid population growth lies social disorganization resulting rapid uneven social change reason population explosion thought children contrary reason living average longer result ratio births deaths dramatically altered leading huge population increase global population fairly stable words seventeenth century english philosopher thomas hobbes traditional preindustrial societies poor nasty brutish short bronze age expectancy number average newborn live estimated eighteen roman empire increased twenty thirty beginning twentieth century average expectancy forty united states today seventy average expectancy short traditional societies half children died age infectious diseases conditions high birth rate functional family peoples lived horticulture agriculture family member represented productive worker fields high birth rate functional society counterbalanced high death rate social change radically altered situation industrial revolution began europe ago agricultural societies europe north america japan transformed developed industrial societies societies differ important respects traditional
effects population growth resources environment considered water short supply southwest shortage spread north east coming decades americans felt consequences energy shortage food production problem especially nation environmental policy restricts pesticides chemical fertilizers thirty united states need million acres farmland feed population additional million acres forest land found satisfy demands lumber paper average american pounds wood paper outdoors americans camped hunted fished played continue shrink admission national parks restricted hunting season favored patches forest apt hunters deer increases population increases pollution problem rich country united states poor india high standard living produces waste products person auto emission industrial waste flowing lakes rivers smog plastic bottles disposable beer cans littering countryside filling city dumps pollution problems alleviated present foreseeable technology technology requires energy application energy short supply production energy thermal atmospheric pollution americans certainly imminent danger starvation quality american deteriorate population increases nonetheless feel united states afford leisured view situation
track maintenance job called dancer job told strike thought wow company shop saw goes conclusion strike fourteen free going jobs shanty deserted part yard couple joints hang hour challenge say held train going job furnace couldn safety works hard hours reading night shift emergency company began sending routine maintenance evasion tactics stop shovel dirt pick tiny bit shovelful awhile later shovel worked hours lo behold foreman complained want working steady spike hammer handles supposed unbreakable job break turns left guys hang easy contract don safety says condition unsafe safety union
problem unemployment confronted levels general unemployment unemployment specific groups illustrious economists western wrestled solutions economic recession agreement let solution general consensus cure unemployment rapid economic growth heated controversy achieve unacceptably high inflation proposals ranged cutting taxes restriction money supply ultimately important factor psychological optimism business leaders optimistic future economy invest plants equipment hire workers increase production economy moves ahead rapid pace unemployment likely remain problem lag investment creation jobs note passing cure unemployment rapid economic growth inevitably negative impact natural environment supply scarce resources situation examples solution social problem effect creating aggravating problem sociological terms social change functional dysfunctional effects problem disproportionate unemployment specific groups amenable attempt solution workers displaced automation skills jobs status illegal aliens likely improve markedly congress accepts proposals grant secure status
crucial problem government corporations concerns power abuse lives dominated large public private organizations public organizations primarily government agencies affect area experience register births provide education social services record marriages regulate conditions employment collect taxes influence countless aspects lives thousands laws finally register deaths private organizations primarily business corporations provide jobs bulk population supply consumer needs banking television services clothing gasoline lives entire complex civilization inextricably dependent large organizations organizations originally established satisfy needs improve quality lives experienced oppressive unresponsive impersonal inefficient arrogant corrupt watergate scandal early apparent major organizations american society concert advance interest lack large organizations major social problem government corporations widely distrusted united states presidencies lyndon johnson richard nixon marked founded public belief administrations deliberately systematically lying distrust government reached height watergate affair discovery abuse power drove president office nixon pardoned successor escaped accountability acts office watergate affair led trials convictions high public officials charges extortion perjury conspiracy course justice misuse campaign funds bribery illegal wiretapping tax fraud
hear say grateful progress mother father expected especially happen born creek died doctor ask welfare help kind food stamps gave lunches paid government teacher bring box crackers bring school winter worst weather food starts running stay school think hibernate animals cabin stay daddy wood stored log log recall warm spell christmastime brother walked creek cabin smoke coming rising trees sky cabin smoke person sight told mother forgotten yes wintertime creek hiding took kids stop figure weather warm going asked hiding sticks mind son re hiding don die
swedish sociologist gunnar myrdal pointed classic american dilemma treatment black americans utterly contradicted american creed human equality civil rights myrdal predicted tension egalitarian values discriminatory practices ultimately grow intolerable eventually proved slow earlier century black organizations national association advancement colored naacp remarkably moderate approach presented petitions tried negotiate improvements economic social status blacks legal channels challenge validity existing discriminatory statutes fact significant advances supreme court war ii began whittle structure racial segregation america important decision case brown versus board education court ruled separate educational facilities inherently unequal later court ordered schools desegregated deliberate speed fifteen implement ruling doctrine separate facilities necessarily unequal gradually extended court number public facilities ranging golf courses beaches court progressively struck segregation laws banning interracial marriage series legal pretexts deny blacks voting rights deal legal discrimination remained statute books institutionalized discrimination continued american norm late black americans longer tolerate discrimination young blacks aided radical white students began sit segregated restaurants demanding service protestors freedom rides desegregate buses terminals
early social movement began capture american public attention women movement demanded liberation traditional restraints female sex american society issue sex roles regarded social problem amendment constitution prohibiting sex discrimination passed congress awaits ratification states attention focused primarily traditional roles women traditional role increasingly seen problematic social movement demanded equality sexes united states early part nineteenth century women working abolition slavery aware denied elementary rights vote women refused seats major antislavery conference grounds sex male delegates delivered impassioned speeches oppression slaves part nineteenth century feminist leaders radical demanded abolition family considered oppressive institution early twentieth century movement began focus energies winning franchise campaign marked fierce controversy jailings feminist militants women finally won vote immediately movement lost impetus issue womens rights receded background half twentieth century social forces precipitated present women movement american birth rate steadily declining women spending traditional childrearing activities
sight aging purely biological process barring premature death human proceeds predictable course biological development leading infancy childhood adolescence young adulthood middle age age finally extinction view part biological process dismay social problem aging social process nature cycle length stages opportunities challenges rewards varies according historical social location generation individual obvious illustration social influence quality medical services nutrition public sanitation society average expectancy united states today ancestors generations ago turn century infant mortality rate thousand live births today reduced deaths thousand ailments claimed human communicable diseases smallpox cholera diphtheria struck early stages cycle today main death degenerative diseases heart lung ailments strokes cancer affect later cycle social factors modern medicine improved nutrition higher standards public sanitation profound effect average expectancy human beings history species expect grow let look cycle detail ways affected social biological factors
social problem presented health care united states simply stated health care costs prompt adequate care difficult obtain united states dubious distinction industrialized society modern national health insurance program similar means making health care freely need consumers buy health care buy goods services automobiles tv repairs present health care system widespread sustained criticism past general acceptance reforms agreement shape reforms costs medical treatment high skyrocketed past decade united states today spends money health care absolute proportionate terms nation medical costs represent percent country total production goods services agriculture construction generate spending price nation total health bill including doctors dentists hospitals drugs expenditures billion billion billion rate increase staggering exceeding general rate inflation total cost exceeded billion continuing rise rapidly risk illness constant threat security living standards typical american family stay weeks hospital cost thousands dollars possibility bill covered insurance
dear told gave pills vacation hampshire fall julia smiled faintly began doze large reclining chair moved dining room space hospital bed prepared supper eating table slumbered suddenly roused called splitting headache put hands head jumped table reached strides instant body flaccid urged help pushing arm chair hand lifted side managed barely staggered hospital bed collapsed murmuring help help going die going die panic telephoned barbara summoned aid service waiting julia hands twitched murmured gotta gotta lost consciousness aid dashed administered oxygen lifted stretcher sped hospital doctor residents nurses emergency ward save finally put appearance greatly worried asked julia getting extra told giving medications getting milligram tablet night hospital prescribed re sure didn
drug abuse united states regarded challenging social problems facing nation word drug excites emotions opinion polls late shown drug problem perceived americans major threat society younger members purposes define drug chemical psychoactive capable modifying person behavior effect emotions thinking consciousness strictly speaking familiar substances aspirin tea drugs americans think drugs mind outlawed substances heroin lsd characteristic psychoactive chemicals lead dependence user develops recurrent craving dependence psychological physical case psychological dependence user feels psychologically discomforted cut drug case physical dependence addiction bodily withdrawal symptoms occur taking forms ranging severity slight trembling fatal convulsions users develop tolerance drugs steadily increasing amounts achieve level effect drug universal human societies peoples drugs belong religious communities prohibit substances groups eskimo live places barren drug yielding plants cultivated drug socially undesirable effects incapacitation users society social norms law regulates drug usage drugs acceptable legitimately drug permissible consume circumstances drug
haven drink months drink heavily gave nerve pills sleeping pills drink sleeping pill couldn sleep couldn sleep sleeping pill took died knew passing dizzy called mother friends called ambulance living took hospital pump stomach doctor told sister minutes dead didn money liquor store nerve pills wasn exactly taking drink calms took didn effect took took drink feel dozing blacking say ah tired drink awake thing passed divorced put husband lot problems try high drunk forget problems son going school send school wasn goin welfare aggravating start drinking mind tell feel took drinking pills mad friends drink taking pills want leave don want leave
surely general agreement social problems book discussed ways problems impose major strains society quality lives suffers result reasonably ask things bad seen chapter chapter potential solutions exist partial social problems persist grow worse respects unhappily solving social problems problem complete survey american problems address related questions special difficulties hinder solution social problems prospects realistically speaking actually solving answer question recurrent features social problems difficult solve stage reached public opinion favors action government ready act major social problems deeply embedded culture social structure suddenly full grown develop imperceptibly nourished social environment sociologists observers notice emerging latent problems stage hard mobilize public opinion collective action solve unlikely social problem widely recognized urgent deeply rooted institutional arrangements culture society stage attempts confront problem massive disruptions existing social cultural patterns decade warnings impending energy crisis fell generally deaf ears
glance definition social problem obvious crime streets poverty energy crisis issues commonly mentioned concerns american difficulties exist defining social problem difficulty decides problem exists individuals groups view condition problem indifferent actually view phenomenon desirable pro abortion groups abortion killing child pro choice pro abortion advocates consider humane technique limits unwanted births women control bodies society single unified set values differences perspective unclear power defining problem environmentalist express concern air pollution automobile manufacturer protests harsh pollution control regulations parents complain excessive television violence broadcasters challenge programming constraints assaults free speech accept position pro environmentalist industrialist media consumer producer theorists argued social problem exists significant number believe condition fact problem stressing phrase significant number position makes distinction wright mills called private trouble problem individual scattered individuals public issue condition defined problem large numbers mills position focuses importance belief presents subjective view social problems believe problem exists exists define condition problem considered
summer south africa means chasing nonwhites prime coastal beaches accordance apartheid laws beaches country hundreds miles coastline set exclusive race group south africa beaches allocated whites criminal offense nonwhites step sands swim sea abut refusal leave white beach means arrest prosecution area false bay coastline cape town nonwhites holiday ordered police leave white beaches christmas period toll begun famed false bay resort colored mixed race children aged recently ordered beach afterward humiliating ordered beach kids upset young understand apartheid half dozen colored families sitting cars beach told leave port elizabeth miles nonwhites face fines days imprisonment going wrong beach area police told coloreds leave receiving complaint whites coloreds members religious group singing hymns beach cape town city council refused enforce beach apartheid council consists whites elected whites council overruled higher provincial level government insisted apartheid notices erected beaches
image caveman dragging woman hair reality male supremacy earliest form discrimination group members history sexual inequality worked favor enjoyed privileges membership superordinate group women played subordinate role family religion politics underlying patterns sexual inequality discrimination complex negative beliefs attitudes called sexism psychological level beliefs held order justify maintenance male supremacy excluding women treatment accorded sexism emphasizes sexual differences suggests differences innate permanent asserts result women treated differently society sexual stereotypes pervasive al found female characters rarely appeared picture books designed preschool children recent children books continue employ stereotypes females tend depicted passive submissive roles larger numbers male characters portrayed active leadership positions characters goals influenced sex outstanding achievement president women outstanding achievement mother pattern sex differences occurring children books found media television programs children typically underrepresent females focus male characters portrayed aggressive constructive star players sexual stereotypes represented mass media messages adults including women magazines popular songs art television programs commercials
aid families dependent children major public welfare service united states designed assist poor families children covering minimum costs food shelter clothing items daily primary goal provide children deprived support parents result death desertion disability cases unemployment prove financial need seeks support family majority recipients young children households headed female rarely family include adult male unemployed half women divorced deserted typically receive child support alimony payments half recipients white large proportion comes minority population illustrate characteristics recipient case mrs jones follows mrs jones married children husband salesman farm machinery company traveled widely sales region changed west midwest moved temporary quarters planned wife children area soon settled found place family live business putting move letters frequent town called hotel finally wrote friend wanted divorce divorce case mrs jones lawyer poor job fighting adequate child support alimony
working class culture unable prepare male adolescent compete successfully middle class status achievements working class family culturally distinct middle class families terms skills values reinforced likely stress upward mobility academic accomplishment emphasizing gratification hedonism conflict cultures working class males frustrated failure gain status recognition public school system youngsters band delinquent subculture serves source support turns middle class values upside juveniles positively define school property scholastic achievement destroying property lashing system perceived rejecting merton emphasizes universal cultural goal material success cohen focuses conflicts socioeconomic groups inappropriate socialization patterns working class walter miller hand maintains distinctive lower class culture generates delinquent gangs delinquency merely aberration reaction middle class values represents typical behavioral values lower class community case gang delinquency cultural system exerts direct influence behavior lower class community called delinquent subculture arisen conflict middle class culture oriented deliberate violation middle class norms miller lower class culture characterized dominant features concern trouble getting trouble concern toughness important components physical prowess masculinity emphasis involves ability con order achieve desired goals quest excitement involving deliberate taking risks belief fate chance perception individual lives subject forces control concern autonomy freedom external constraints
word crime ways equate sin falsehood define behavior harmful society deviates socially accepted norms sociologists accepted legal definition crime clearly statistics violations law known criminal justice system part public record general agreement constitutes antisocial behavior norms defining criminal activity haskell crime legal conception sociological numerous important sociological questions asked crime conditions deviant acts part criminal code kinds persons likely regarded criminals costs crime policies proposed reduce legal sense crime act violates criminal law legal idea crime restricts meaning society recognizes law contend legal regulations defining crime necessarily reflect support public approval presence underlying mores customs society considers important welfare survival according reckless modern statutory regulations define offenses public opinion public sentiment favorable regulations regulations stand marxian view crime legal definition human behavior definition reflective values customs society large definitions crime created agents dominant class capitalist society definitions crime created modified order serve economic interests capitalist class dominant class members power translate interests policy
sociologist bernard cohen studied prostitution york city observing prostitutes women openly solicited males foot cars hand signals words honey want date times prostitutes extremely persistent grabbed arms jackets held door waiting automobiles standing spot walking block women assumed sexually inviting positions wore showy wigs excess makeup provocative clothing tight pants open halters police appeared darted spots entered coffee shops bars places concealment potential john customer stopped car prostitutes employed informal screening process short conversation assess safety situation individual integrity prostitutes entered car occupant sure police watching vehicle took dozen contacts actual transaction occurred transaction conducted car blocks initial pickup dark secluded parking lot poorly lit street key elements successful prostitution place sanctuary police place sex prostitutes neighborhoods tended younger attractive charged higher prices experienced police frequently worked pimp pimps avoided lower priced areas preferred relative safety protection hotel risking sex automobile cohen observed drug sales muggings assaults took place locations street prostitution forms rarely surfaced place segregation avoided conflict illegitimate interests
unclear sexual preference sexual drive innate unclear biology influences sex role performance homosexuals inverts highly masculinized females males butch lesbian appears masculine appearance demeanor counterpart effeminate male strongly stigmatized heterosexual community male suffering low esteem gay preferable homosexual masculine looking psychological explanations contradictory exist onset male homosexuality fear opposite sex anxiety women clean remain untouched drive destruction narcissistic search love object symbolizing actual feared inability live male role expectations homosexuality viewed form psychosexual disorder equivalent disease illness american psychiatric association voted drop homosexuality list mental disorders homosexuals ordinary individuals indistinguishable sexual preference individuals heterosexual evelyn hooker studied sample thirty homosexuals drawn general community institutions private therapy compared matched sample heterosexuals conducting battery projective techniques attitude scales intensive history interviews presented data panel psychiatrists clinical psychologists experts difficulty distinguishing gays straights guessing psychopathology evident homosexuals supposed characteristics homosexuals stem biased sample homosexuals therapy validity remains suspect homosexuals suffering mental distress seek psychiatric help place
despite generally libertarian position commission felt limitations legitimately restrict access juveniles obscene materials overly intrusive methods distribution public displays unsolicited mailings courts ruled constitutionally permissible municipalities restrict adult theatres bookstores neighborhoods widespread display pornography defined public nuisance persons primarily feminists argue pornography rape wife beating urge materials banned fulfill objective direct action encouraged boycotts stores selling magazines films civil disobedience interferes patronage pornography outlets marches raise public awareness consumption obscenity socially ostracized type organized citizen action sharply criticized civil fear repression interference amendment rights free speech press civil prefer control conduct oppose legislation distributors kiddie support laws aimed conduct filmmaker misuse children criminal discussed pornography excluded constitutional protection forms speech problem determining pornographic assuring political opinions attacked grounds obscenity attacks musical hair nudity che simulated intercourse attempts control unpopular radical ideas morality media citizens decent literature groups distinguished protected unprotected materials beginning nineteenth century english common law begin prohibit purely sexual works attack religious institutions united states books defoe voltaire rousseau joyce seized customs oppression arts committed morality
young mother brings infant emergency room large pediatric hospital doctors quickly discover child leg fracture bone rays reveal older healing fractures mother injuries occurred result fall changing table physicians suspect child abuse words child abuse refer physical injuries inflicted child parents guardians sense abuse synonymous broken bones burns abuse child forms emotional parents belittle youngster sexual inappropriately fondle misuse child child neglect omission part parents guardians physical neglect results failure adequately feed clothe shelter child emotional neglect denial love contact refusing educate child medical examinations monitor play activities examples neglect american society condones physical punishment children spare rod spoil child parents fully satisfy physical emotional needs young define child abuse neglect broadly americans abusers distinguish corporal punishment spanking slapping acceptable child abuse distinction difficult complicates problem definition relevant considerations factors parent hits open hand fist belt parent aims face vulnerable part child body parent control beatings rare frequent
legally incest defined sexual relations blood relatives categories stepfather stepdaughter psychological perspective blood tie intercourse emphasized sexual relationships child parental authority mother boyfriend illustrative family sexual abuse misuse authority trust dependency victim need secrecy seen important factors specific biological relationship form sexual exploitation herman survey female college students found percent sample abused adult percent family member forward buck claim million americans involved incest herman writes neighborhood million american women relations fathers cases occurring likely social stigma national incidence times officially reported cases vast majority incest perpetrators male father daughter incest common parent child exploitation mother son incest believed rare involving severe psychopathology parties brother sister sexual contact common generally short lived free damaging psychological consequences typical family father daughter incest occurs mother depressed extremely dependent husband emotional physical disability unable competently perform roles wife mother father patriarchal authoritarian feels deprived care feels entitled daughter mother substitute daughter feels responsibility holding family submits father advances order remain graces herman
types courts assist victim abuse civil criminal civil courts empowered grant restraining orders preventing interfering wife freedom custody orders giving decisions children monetary awards pain suffering compensation medical expenses courts unfortunately sessions night weekends concerned able provide reconciliation punishment orders protection give real protection difficult enforce effectively criminal courts traditionally importance domestic charges filed prosecutors unwilling prosecute judges reluctant sentence abusing husband receives lecture stern warning released community usual reaction woman beaten countless times kills husband defense justify killing conditions apply slayer free fault provoking continuing difficulty resulted killing words slayer aggressor slayer reasonably believed imminent danger death bodily harm felony kill order save slayer opportunity retreat avoid danger strict legal terms defense valid defense suffering wife retaliates abusive spouse hand juries unwilling convict woman takes action case woman brought trial murder common law husband acquitted hours jury deliberation
true acknowledged enormously destructive wars appreciably slow accelerating pace industrial growth century confident similarly overcome effects war involving widespread nuclear weapons employed destructive modes civilian military targets contemplate task ahead single biggest danger ironic today atmosphere soviet american detente concern thermonuclear war ago nations continent developments taking place conceivably decades quadruple current number nuclear powers atomic weapons common arsenals battlefield tanks war ii greatest concern course war massive uncontrolled nuclear arsenals powers fortunately present leadership superpower aware enormous destruction exchange awareness exercises strong restraint small nuclear war extraordinary amount damage task ahead dealing problem difficult complex clearly part try prevent nuclear proliferation clearly effort sufficient policy fails realistically consider policy fall answer making effort slow halt pace nuclear proliferation begin preparations nuclear powers likely witness occurs extremely costly failure user provide strong potential users
painful contemplate generation robots replace millions humans rule thumb robotics industry today robot replaces production workers robot works shifts robot works shifts replaces smart robot replaces works shift believe robots american assembly lines mix smart dumb robots million installed robots working american factories smart robots mean mean turn century robots replaced million workers lost jobs smart robots moved million workers won embarrassment lost job smart robot smart robots smart end century inspecting goods assembly line checking weights checking tolerances matching parts robots move production assembly line workers creating thousands jobs robot business largest industries born telecommunications genetic engineering estimate seen robot institute america dearborn michigan agree robot makers employ million develop produce test smart robots coming line
concern genetics runs deeper asks sheldon philosopher science tufts university speaks public society says needs neutral scientists address problems research proceeding interests humanity unfortunate left view society losing scientists placing priorities research commercial ties lead corporate interests uppermost member national institute health recombinant dna advisory committee half cites products offered potential benefit gene splicing human growth hormone substance children suffering pituitary deficiencies dwarfs points market human growth hormone comparatively small larger market bovine growth hormone stimulate growth normal cattle research development costs decision based corporate interests bring market growth hormone beef industry points considers related problem recombinant dna advisory committee government regulatory body field supposed look welfare country members scientists ties genetic engineering firms suggests congress require serve committee commercial ties public kinds associations scientists business easy learn committee members conflicts interest
social psychologists pointing young field history modern psychology psychology discipline dividing competing theoretical camps social psychology appeared scene late american psychologists locked debate proper study subjective experience germany laboratories established study perception sensation austria ideas sigmund freud european medical establishment schools thought waged theoretical battles future direction psychology social psychology emerged purely pragmatic means answering concrete question human behavior university indiana norman performed social psychology experiment research resulted interest bicycle racing combined expertise gained graduate student psychology wondered bicycle racers faster times competed person raced clock thought competitive process influenced performance test hunch asked schoolchildren play game children fished prizes cranking fishing reel wound line attached hidden prize goal wind line fast asked children play game times compete group suspected children competed hooked prizes faster fished tested finding variety contexts concluded presence person competition serves contestants harder put liberate latent energy ordinarily
colleagues determined juvenile arrests fact decrease police began referring young counselors surface appeared association counseling arrest rates number counseled increased number arrested decreased words negative correlation counseling arrest rates caused correlation counseling effective counseled juveniles committed fewer repeat crimes police felt juvenile offenses decrease counseling program afford lenient arrest fewer juveniles families moved area police began counseling referrals lower arrest rates resulted fewer juveniles area list alternative possibilities fortunately case researchers able rely community information sophisticated computer program demonstrate counseling effective reducing delinquency correlational approach explain effect order understand effect turn controlled experiments experimental research means testing hypotheses effect relationships understanding variable affects variable things equal order infer causal relationship experimenter systematically vary factor independent variable holding factors constant experimenter observes manipulations independent variable effect behavior experimental subject affected behavior known dependent variable charges behavior depend independent variable
unfortunately easy compare groups membership groups frequently overlaps characteristics similar differences small justified saying groups knows characteristics members fact member differs present group say racial characteristics groups compared group lower class whites south group middle class black person north lower class southern whites groups aware difference research characteristics total populations groups population refers total membership group class objects class events studying entire populations unwieldy populations large social scientists content sample relevant population representative group population members researcher wanted french lovers americans impossible test interview french person american hand french person american studied investigator find american lover french person lover equally lovers instance researcher prejudice confirmed finding persons differ love making abilities confuse investigator
cognitive consistency known widely researched approach attitude organization psychologists suggested theories milton rokeach proposed attitudes organized hierarchy beliefs central individual cognitive structure central beliefs primitive beliefs function axioms basic postulates belief system basic beliefs nature physical reality sky blue basic beliefs oneself woman primitive beliefs seldom challenged person holding beliefs extremely upset beliefs central cognitive structure concern nature authority examples basic beliefs god democracy political system beliefs peripheral derived beliefs authority beliefs social security system derived central beliefs nature democratic society psychologists discussed cognitive structure terms general principles abstract concrete structures harvey hunt schroder simple complex section turn considering attitudes organized question develop place form attitudes continuously gain information attitude objects previously unacquainted addition existing attitudes changed transformed response events process attitude formation ways psychologists carry longitudinal studies investigating attitudes type religious political attitudes develop childhood adolescence
researcher desires obtain set questions items assessing evaluation attitude object wise items differ considerably content limited kinds error goal met item expresses belief attitude object belief links attitude object nuclear power plants attribute characteristic relevant attitude object thermal pollution item states belief respondents asked agreement disagreement item attitude inferred count summary extent respondents agree favorable belief statements nuclear power plants provide solution energy crisis disagree unfavorable statements nuclear power plants thermal pollution belief statements selected attitude measure carefully chosen meet criteria criteria insure statements fact assess favorable unfavorable sentiments held respondents relation attitude object systems choosing statements systems known attitude scaling method known scaling methods order illustrate belief statements chosen attitude scales louis asserted unequivocally american journal sociology attitudes measured view attitude measurement accomplished beliefs individuals hold attitude objects attitude theorists viewed attitudes varying evaluative continuum ranging favorable unfavorable say attitude abortion assert person continuum viewpoints issue ranging complete endorsement abortion complete opposition
interpretations king role playing subjects manifested greater attitude change passive listeners order comply experimenter request play active role subjects found improvise arguments tailored arguments especially effective hand subjects feelings satisfaction performed competently communicator reinforced ideas communicated content message rewards active condition passive condition clarify issues bert king irving carried experiment varied degree subjects improvised arguments degree subjects felt satisfied performance subjects read completely prepared script silently subjects read aloud script task required improvisation talked allowed refer script task demanded considerable improvisation presenting arguments experimenters varied satisfaction subjects required improvise giving subjects favorable unfavorable ratings speeches improvisation major impact attitude change subjects improvised percent showed opinion change direction advocated talk subjects read script percent changed advocated position subjects attitudes affected experimenter evaluation performance research shown opinion change affected feedback experiment demonstrate role playing effective attitude change technique improvise arguments
section seen need affiliate important facet human general need affiliate especially frightened uncertain attracts specific section examine question interpersonal attraction explore factors draw person attracted hit classmate dislike factors affect choice friends lovers according ellen berscheid elaine walster psychological principle threads theories interpersonal attraction principle reinforcement reward dislike punish section review psychological research precisely important types rewards affect interpersonal attraction surprising marry girl boy door physical proximity strong determinant classic study leon stanley kurt demonstrated effects proximity friendship development researchers studied patterns friendship couples living married student housing massachusetts institute technology part students moving apartment complex residents choice regarding units assigned housing complex consisted seventeen separate story units contained ten apartments illustrated figure researchers measured physical distance feet inches doorways apartments functional distance index calculated counting apartment door unit adding extra unit residents stairs visit
experiment clear subjects accepted rejected real messages person receives ambiguous research suggests low esteem individuals react negatively ambiguous evaluations tend dislike person giving evaluation contrast high esteem individuals react positively person giving ambiguous message giving clearly accepting message jacobs berscheid walster person low esteem receptive acceptance message acceptance clear seen chapter general principles exceptions edward jones studied exception rule unambiguously expressed attraction exception behavior designed impress order gain personal advantage techniques apple polishing called deliberately present favorable light shower target person compliments agree person opinions favors person individuals behave ways sincerely behaviors forms reflect manipulative intentions hazards jones documented hilda dickoff found attracted individual evaluated favorably suspected ulterior motives reason suspect ulterior motives dickoff found received unrealistically positive evaluations suspected flattery attracted evaluator evaluator honest evaluations apparently flattery admiration genuine
addition specific events onset loneliness identify factors vulnerable loneliness earlier discussion interpersonal attraction outlined characteristics situations facilitate liking attraction research suggests factors hinder formation relationships increase likelihood loneliness physical proximity play part place residence keeps socially isolated fewer opportunities begin maintain social relationships personal qualities affect ability establish enduring relationships physically unattractive cool aloof find difficult friends research shyness poor social skills linked loneliness perlman factor related loneliness similarity match individual peers person background ethnicity attitudes values difficult creating satisfactory social sense research interpersonal attraction research loneliness examining opposite sides coin understanding social psychological processes involved beginning maintaining close relationships emphasize vital importance personal relationships psychological need human contact powerful force human social deprived contact periods painfully anxious need affiliation partly based early learning experiences occur extreme dependency human infant psychologists believe tendencies reflect inherited behaviors promote attachment parental caretaker adults continue turn variety important social reward including love social approval confirmation opinions worth
david rosenhan studied background college students enormously resources civil rights movement late rosenhan interviewed students parents distinguish easily active volunteers civil rights workers minimal amounts generously parents socially concerned gave brought parents fully committed prosocial action models convey deal information observers desirable situation observers quick spot inconsistencies actions influence mere presence affects prosocial behavior section biblical story samaritan kitty genovese slaying mentioned beginning chapter form altruism significant members human community willingness emergencies break role bystander assistance precipitated incidents urban violence subway crimes earlier series studies conducted search conditions determine respond distress research bystander intervention grown extensive efforts social psychologists john darley bibb latane darley latane struck failure witnesses genovese murder help victim situation thirty witnessed slaying woman acted save
july pirate whaling ship sierra dropped anchor harbor portugal waiting unload cargo whale products defying international whaling agreements sierra kills fashioned barbed metal harpoons harpoons damage whale meat prolong whale death result whales try comfort kin harpooned harbor hunter suddenly prey sea shepherd converted fishing trawler owned conservation group fund animals stalked pirate ship miles bow packed tons cement ton shepherd bore lighter sierra speed twelve knots punched foot gash hull taking water sierra limped port term repairs conservationists ship suffered battered bow london meeting international whaling commission voted overwhelmingly prohibit hunting whales factory ships high seas ban expected spare sperm whales makes high seas attractive outlaw whalers refuse cooperate international community whales scarce resource preserved human cooperation examples range energy supplies wilderness lands clean air oceans human basic issues involve cooperation conflict things bargaining processes lead cooperation invite conflict negotiation bargaining daily lives teacher student friends lovers bargaining conflicts consequences dramatic seeking obtain preserve exchange things
try remember re playing friend re choice toys friend toys friend choose olds opt relative gain absolute gain words friend leaves fewer toys competition autonomous motive strategy maximize gains goal competitive motivation develop change important culture establishing motive motive modified situational factors questions addressed international team social psychologists toda japan charles mcclintock frank america previous research mcclintock mcclintock mcclintock shown young children half half mainly egoistic prefer maximize short term gain term gain mutual gain child beginning age children start develop autonomous motives motives serve ends strategies term gain understand motives develop age cultures researchers studied groups children fourth sixth grade boys cultures anglo american japanese belgian greek mexican american pairs children played specially adapted laboratory game goal winning points
inmates dallas county jail confined cells twenty hours cells range individual units square feet person seventy bunk dormitories ten square feet person put figures perspective realize square feet living space person considered desirable american homes order small square foot house apartment crowed dallas county jail house fifty residents put mildly dallas county jail qualifies high density environment control crowding accompanying section exactly type population effects residential density pronounced prisoners react conditions psychologist paul paulus colleagues university texas arlington cox paulus investigated prisoners psychological stress function social density number individuals housing unit research conducted dallas county jail federal prison texarkana texas previous research shown college students naval personnel increase number complaints illness social density increases illnesses product increased contagion similar results found texas prisoners dallas texarkana prisoners lived crowded conditions complained illnesses prisoners institutions lived crowded conditions measures support apparent connection crowding psychological stress prisons sweat sweaty palms standard psychological measure arousal
views effect women evidence suggests effects increased women earned percent job earned percent figure percent gap remains male female workers matched tenure job rated skill education variables miller quinn sex discrimination affects women salary rank basic employment opportunities type discrimination documented study corporate hiring practices stephen cohen kerry bunker researchers contacted male job job entailed interviewing students college placement offices country researcher packet information including job description application form job seeker job description traditional male related job personnel technician traditional female related job editorial assistant identical information provided applicant regarding background education college activities past job experience career objectives references transcripts alleged interview provided information applicant sex asked applicant acceptable job results showed majority applicants considered acceptable job regardless sex likely prefer males females personnel technician job females males editorial assistant job study male female college students responded classified employment advertisements met clear cut sex discrimination employers levinson
chapter focused social interdependence revealed gaming research cooperation conflict laboratory games cooperation partners hinged situational factors amount communication partners history interaction partners resulting level trust saw cooperative competitive responses experimental games reflect characteristics tendencies understanding factors lead behave cooperatively regardless dispositional tendencies help solve real problems cooperation energy usage conservation human behavior influenced social factors individual interpersonal level level surrounding environment part iv examined respond groups behavior shaped physical spaces inhabit knowledge social psychology applied solving social problems chapter examined groups affect individuals saw play roles group social emotional leaders versus task leaders roles reflect dispositional characteristics saw roles shift nature function group majority affected group pressures conforming extreme direction group values censoring aroused activated usual understanding typical reactions group pressures help groups decisions act increasing rationality social psychologists begun study physical environment influences behavior discussed chapter find dispositional situational distinction
pause brought war ii social psychology continued growth progress late expanded scope directions important theme especially influence groups group membership individual behavior paulus theme focused link personality traits social behavior interestingly topic recently experienced reawakening sophisticated terms chapter major event period development theory cognitive dissonance framework proposed human beings dislike inconsistency strive reduce specifically argued find inconsistency attitudes inconsistency attitudes behavior disturbing seek eliminate suggestions strike surprising actually lead unexpected predictions suggest offering individuals small rewards stating views don hold effective getting change opinions offering larger rewards engaging behavior principle known leads effect social psychology theory captured interest colleagues remained major topic research return theory detail chapter important sense viewed social psychology turbulent decade expanded scope include virtually imaginable aspect social interaction lines research begun enlarged numerous possibly list
ago famous roman orator cicero remarked face image soul comment meant human feelings emotions reflected face read recognizable expressions modern research respect cicero observers human behavior correct learn current moods emotions careful observation facial expressions emotions precisely revealed fashion simple question reality proven complex conflicting results findings reported recently fairly clear cut answer emerged today experts agree emotions represented distinct facial expressions happiness sadness surprise fear anger disgust buck note mean capable showing facial expressions emotions occur combinations anger fear surprise happiness reactions vary greatly intensity basic themes facial expressions number variations truly tremendous suppose traveled remote corner globe visited isolated group met outsider imagine observed behavior number basic likely happy angry sad disgusted individuals show facial expressions similar cases able recognize members culture
kelley theory suggests likely attribute behavior internal conditions low consensus high consistency low distinctiveness contrast likely attribute behavior external conditions high consensus high consistency high distinctiveness generally attribute combination factors conditions low consensus high consistency high distinctiveness figure summary suggestions concrete help illustrate reasonable nature kelley proposals imagine dining restaurant friends acts manner takes bite food shouts loudly waiter appears demands dish kitchen replaced behavior due internal external short friend fussy eater impossible dish terrible deserves returned according kelley theory decision depend factors mentioned assume conditions prevail table complains consensus low seen friend return food occasions consistency high seen friend complain loudly similar fashion restaurants distinctiveness low case kelley theory suggests attribute behavior internal conclude friend hard likes complain contrast assume conditions exist diners table complain food consensus high seen friend return dish occasions consistency high complain manner restaurants distinctiveness high
cognitive events mirrored physiological processes present psychologists believe specifically large majority believe think remember form images engage cognitive activity neural physiological events taking place brains precisely events studied information help understand nature cognitive processes research findings begun provide answers questions petty investigations performed scientists fields begun uncover neural bases memory emotion thought dunn progress respect social psychologists focused attention physiological processes underlying attitude change persuasion exciting consider study performed petty quintanar investigators based research growing evidence hemispheres brain function ways tucker appears left hemisphere part major centers governing speech verbal functions located primary site abstract thought related intellectual processes contrast hemisphere function global analytical manner stimuli external represented direct elaborate fashion result hemisphere involved stronger expansive emotional experiences basis findings colleagues reasoned individuals demonstrate patterns activation hemispheres persuasive communications show contrasting reactions messages
studies lend support predictions based dissonance theory note recent experiments leads effect occurs conditions expected effects occur situations individuals believe choice perform attitude behavior small rewards lead greater amounts attitude change large individuals feel personally responsible chosen course action negative effects produced cooper finally leads effect occur individuals view payment receive bribe deserved pay al related findings suggest fact important limits impact forced compliance note situations conditions outlined exist individuals believe enjoy freedom action frequently accept responsibility behavior cases produces negative consequences result strategy offering barely reward induce say things believe effective cases lead important lasting shifts existing attitudes seen dissonance theory employed explain surprising effects attitude behavior success regard certainly impressive context implications dissonance explored theory applied number topics effects making decisions cooper younger walker interpretation feelings heightened arousal cooper
common form subtle discrimination involves basic mechanism simple prejudiced individuals engage trivial positive actions members groups dislike hire single show black person eat lunch hispanic individual actions rationale refusing important actions adoption truly fair hiring practices justification later discrimination don bother persons say haven blacks hispanics women evidence tactics reported studies lake experiments white subjects performed small favor black stranger willing engage effortful action later subjects performed small action findings confirm observation individuals small positive actions justification later discrimination note case effects occur initial positive action serves activate negative stereotypes minority group conclusion supported findings ingenious study carried rosenfield colleagues rosenfield al experiment white subjects exposed information threatened belief unprejudiced received false feedback suggesting reacted negatively scenes friendly interracial interaction experience approached black stranger asked small favor condition posed panhandler requested money posed graduate student asked subjects sign petition favoring increased funds research sickle cell anemia
order capture essence dilemmas laboratory asked subjects respond series simple perceptual problems figure problem comparison lines matched standard line length persons present session unknown actual subject confederates experimenter prearranged occasions twelve eighteen problems persons offered answers clearly false unanimously stated line matched standard line figure trials subjects faced dilemma character story group stick guns provide felt correct answers surprised learn fictitious character subjects wee strongly tempted conform fully percent tested studies group false answers note persons resisted temptation occasions large majority conform times results obtained later studies allen wilder point unsettling conclusion persons find upsetting contradict evidence eyes disagree openly unanimous judgments point note social influence exerted groups members involve distinct components deutsch gerard known normative social influence involves tendency conform positive expectations yielding type influence conform wish behave expect behave means gaining acceptance approval
gender differences depend nature situation kind behavior required provide help children sixth grades girls perceived boys differences reflected strongly actual behavior al adults drops handful coins pencils elevator help likely offered male strangers female victim especially southern portion united states latane stalled car highway vast majority stop help males especially stranded motorist female west al gender pattern shown response hitchhikers males stop pick especially pick female snyder al situations behavior serving romantic motives prosocial explanation failure help fear social blunders mcgovern predicted score high fear embarrassment test likely help stranger distress low fear prediction confirmed appears responses inhibited desire foolish eyes political ideology found influence help needed poverty perceived political result fate individual failings political left poverty attributed government policies acts economic powers al
research altruism concentrated helpers potential helpers victim plays role type interaction similarity important females asked strangers dime telephone call clothing influenced probability receiving money dressed likely receive dime dressed strangers airport poorly dressed request successful poorly dressed strangers bus terminal potentially able future provider help receives aid perceived able reciprocate al interestingly willing ask help physically unattractive attractive stranger exception females seek help attractive male unattractive al found willing ask help individuals insensitive covert emotional cues present potential helpers accept polite overt signs ignore nonverbal cues indicating helper feels annoyed inconvenienced depaulo fisher needs help desire helped extremely grateful aid received situation complex actually ask help al feel viewed competent accept depaulo fisher sort reverse bystander effect number potential helpers increases help seeking inhibited williams williams
communication interfere progress agreement takes form threats davis kelley individuals threatened opponents implicitly explicitly react anger submission surprising backing response messages result loss face outcome individuals strongly wish avoid garland brown respond threats stiffening resistance shifting extreme positions reasons communications threats exert negative effects bargaining process growing evidence suggests direct face face contact opponents reduce likelihood reaching agreement study conducted pruitt subjects participating bargaining game session surprisingly results mutual outcomes reduced direct visual contact apparently stemmed fact players tended engage attempts intimidate dominate nonverbal cues harsh facial expressions prolonged icy stares strategies induced negative reactions participants created atmosphere compromise difficult attain implication results clear cases easier reach agreement communicate indirectly telephone face face contact finally appears timing communication crucial general contact occurring late bargaining session likely yield positive effects communication occurring early
fifty ago german psychologist named performed interesting experiment asked workers pull hard rope attached meter measured strength tugs results surprising total amount force rope increased group size rose amount effort contributed person actually drop subject pulling exerted average kilograms force meter dropped kilograms groups reduced kilograms groups short greater number persons working task effort show glance effect obtained known social loafing puzzling seen discussion social facilitation presence persons leads increments motivation working task reduce individual effort answer provided theory social impact proposed recently latane colleagues latane wolf according social impact theory effect social force directed group source divided members greater number persons group greater power status proximity impact force latane wolf short impact social forces group diffused responsibility helping diffused witnesses emergency refer chapter
according theory proposed diener based part earlier views offered key understanding lies relation awareness order regulate behavior adhere social personal standards term plans diener suggests aware aware feelings attitudes behavior buss carver occurs environmental conditions awareness blocked conditions producing effects anonymity belief identifiable individuals high level arousal feelings close group unity focus external events goals conditions exist diener suggests effects follow awareness sharply reduced individuals undergo important shifts perceptions experience feel caught present experience distortions sense shifts constitute turn produces important effects course leads weakened restraints impulsive ordinarily prohibited forms behavior reduces ability individuals monitor regulate actions interferes ability engage rational thought range planning finally reduces individuals concern evaluate behavior figure review suggestions summarize according diener develops external conditions discourage individuals focusing attention aware undergo related shifts perception experience turn exert profound effects wide range cognitive processes overt behavior soon research evidence consistent suggestions
despite professional probable financial benefits type behavior brings seen personality pattern results emotional problems interpersonal difficulties seriously threatening heart attacks proposed individuals taught relax avoid pressure slow behavioral conceivably lead contented longer table suggestions behavioral change provided order reach large scale campaigns undertaken newspapers television meyer al investigators raised questions approach effective al psychologists concluded simple exposure information media led reduction cardiovascular risk despite fact knowledge increased include face face interactions approaches intensive attempt bring behavioral change undertaken stanford university team investigators apa monitor february individuals heart attack taking part study meet small groups discuss lives problems typical behavior practice dealing situations type fashion give advice control group patients simply receive health care personal physicians experimental groups high risk type individuals taught avoid situations evoke characteristic behavior won contest wife supposed run warehouse touching items sixty seconds item couple prize
internal sex fantasies common occurrence research interest generated role external sex fantasies form magazines books pictures nelson pointed earlier chapter content material runs gamut mildly erotic depictions partial nudity hard core pornography effects sort stimulation entirely matter speculation leading wildly divergent opinions behavioral scientists began conducting relevant experiments late learned effects erotica detailed laboratory study masters johnson bodily occur sexual episode sexual response cycle generally accepted consisting phases excitement plateau orgasm resolution arousal builds rapidly stimulation begins levels high stimulation continues reaches peak climax slowly fades subjects exposed erotic stimulus sensual story sexually explicit movie identical cycle orgasm phase ordinarily occur specifically individuals listen view erotic stimuli found experience increased blood supply genital region leads swelling reddening tissue accompanied increase temperature addition fluids lubricate sexual organs tend secreted reactions place increase magnitude erotic material presented high level reached conclusion presentation physical aspects arousal begin recede research bodily reactions physiological measures reports arousal kelley byrne
consistent findings past majority sexually active teenagers united states method contraception contraception alan institute result million teenage pregnancies annually unmarried unwanted conceptions end abortion percent wedlock births percent hasty marriages prior baby birth percent remaining percent end miscarriages teenage couple risk unwanted parenthood contraceptive devices frequent explanation involved adequate knowledge undoubtedly important instances research suggests explanation individuals negative attitudes sexuality expected avoid aspect contraceptive process acknowledging sexual intentions obtaining services devices byrne studies sexual behavior noncollege teenagers avoidance contraceptives methods reasonably attributed misinformation details fertility relative effectiveness procedures obtain contraception college student populations sort behavior occurs late adolescents young adults bright easy access contraceptives series studies male female undergraduates consistently found increases individuals likely utilize contraceptive services student health center fisher al likely contraceptives fisher likely effective forms contraception likely conceive
doctor terminal don course doctor recognizing admitting mother terminal course knew sister didn realize alice established views exactly obligations parent animosity feeling father loved supported stated willing care home give attention gave mother initially angry dying felt conscious choice avoid watching mother die felt angry giving psychological support dying ultimately gave opportunity alice later felt relieved death preceded mother spared reject living spouse exigencies surrounding situations consuming alice simultaneously experienced personal crisis divorce asked felt experiencing multiple losses stated yes times felt wasn going counselor woman saw lot strengths pulled pulling mean pushed laughs supportive strengths assertiveness aggressiveness supportive aggressive wanted fight
symbolic position postulates social structures constructed continuous interaction general perspective relates study death explored part section synthesis perspective basic premises order fundamental assumptions rests method introduced symbolic theoretical perspective sociology assumes society reality socially created interaction processes strauss denzin strauss define situations built interaction area death symbolic perspective informs conceptions death images social worlds death takes place everyday actions constitute process dying socially constructed death biological fact means results socially shaped ideas assumptions short perspective understand death context definitions assumptions attributed death varied definitions loss transition peace depending assumptions illustrate young woman confided death loss loss person relationship loss part lot age believe reincarnation death kind beginning death loss meanings death symbolic perspective assumed arise individual experience turn experience grounded interaction
social structural analysis examines values practices relationship functioning society positions arrived stand stark contrast intellectuals public alike parsons issue commonly accepted view dominant cultural attitude death american society death denying contrast claim ways death treated consistent dominant values requiring activism individual imply american society active forward looking members primary task fulfill social roles later parsons fox qualify earlier argument stating passes denial actually type apathy perpetuated stoicism protestant ethos everyday medical practice set major concerns structural functional approach study death examine potential death disrupting equilibrium social points potential exists society extent varies type social structure significance participation die standardized practices including customs norms laws developed handle death ways minimize potential disruption foster reintegration group modern standardized practices consists rituals surrounding death police officers killed duty full participation officer peers law enforcement officials funeral burial rites serves reaffirm solidarity purposes members scenario procession uniformed members respective agencies marching riding motorcycles horses concrete symbol affiliation strength
views death event encompass divergent meanings nature character event follows views event means cessation biological commonsense notion event occurs specific point contrast scientists beginning view event process possessing duration ambiguous boundaries everyday cessation biological viewed complete ending person person commented death signifies ending going leaving departure friends family experiences hand event viewed transition view death end themes concerns theme shown lay persons clinical descriptions death indicating subjective concerns suggest merging scientific personal social concerns student view death social disconnection view death relation dying process release view largely personal terms failure able survive loss control similar diversity discovered conception event transition transition represent passage departure shift nothingness major interpretations event transition assume death elicits verdict deceased lives reviewed appraised judged death essentially represented judgment eternal rewards punishments death viewed end transition conceive death emphasize nature event
phrase fear death diverse ways literature lay speech exact source fear goes unspecified ordinarily psychologists term fear conjunction specific source anxiety contrast denote discomfort elicited pervasive unknown sources called fear death highly specific source fear readily identifiable fear flying fear dying cancer times source remain unspecified amorphous phrases fear death death anxiety distinguishable literature interchangeably section closer look meanings implied fear death needed fear consists painful feelings characterized alarm consternation dread expectation danger phrase broad sense aversion strong dislike uneasiness thinking generally anticipation death distinguish kinds situations fear death refers general thoughts refers threat mean fear loss experience fear decay fear fear loss gordon overlooked persons meanings mind say fear death meanings generality phrase case fear essentially term rooted symbolic understandings individual view fear including fear death defined individual automatic response inherent characteristic human nature
examining death conceptions relation age question reflect developmental social studies children conceptions death conclude related mental development recent studies terminally ill children challenge position researchers discovered children correctly recognize interpret signs impending deaths argue children views death reflect information situation acquired children remarkably aware responsive feelings adults studies children views death reflect thoughts feelings adults extensively researched group aged accepting death hold death conceptions assume death familiar presence external struggle aged exhibit fear death fear losing control burdening dying meanings attributed death revealed language depict death describe death related events conventional death language neutralizes death hides euphemisms death talk aimed directly emotionally confronting meanings death imparted gesture sense symbolic death results valued aspects invalidated negated interaction symbolic death contingent personal acceptance lack acceptance subsequently leads extinguishing symbolic aged symbolic death precursor actual death instance loss aged person symbolic results literal die meanings death believed predicated dual concerns fear denial death
crises occur protective impersonality emergency room breaks staff dying patient personally difficulty mobilizing handle crisis save patient point nicely illustrated anecdote related glaser strauss case paralyzed emergency staff crisis shooting ward clerk lover deputy sheriff bringing patient ward staff members shocked begin routine standard unexpected emergencies gaped mumbled happens employee hospital knew harder lose sheriffs don nonmedical features surprise subsided staff pertinent medical aspects happened start shift crisis routine emergency treatment bullet wound late save patient commonly nature emergency patient social status affects mobilization staff crisis patient social characteristics affect emergency treatment tend account volume demands making decisions patient treated addition study simpson replication show physicians hospitals serving members social classes treat respective clientele ways hospital serving lower class including drug addicts prostitutes alcoholics suicides drifters found physicians apt classify patients dying subsequently limit amount intervention received turn essentially facilitated dying
ross stage anger characterizes anger reaction yes mistake states patient anger displaced staff family ross notes control find intolerable situation faced losing control simply persons forced dependent demeaning role need small comforts dying engaging angry outbursts personally problematic respect longer valued patients patients feel treated respect feel stake restraint patient anger anger staff apparent stage anger staff members enormous feel patient disliked patient controlling shown staff reaction mrs abel weeping strauss glaser book anguish attempted success set limits crying spells staff angry mrs abel attempts manipulate increasing medications curiously staff felt abandoned woman dying painful lonely death placing requests help pain control strauss glaser pp clearly terminal wards set organization staff patient needs interpreted angry outburst dying staff fact response inflexible hospital structure treatment approaches patient
institutionalized uniformity results practices reduce object sense permitted revealed reflect narrow range experiences categories institutional settings dying patients allowed essentially forfeited possessing unique virtue dying patient body institutional property respects patient institutional property lack regard patient apparent staff patient body remarks written nursing assistant convalescent hospital reveal type disregard patient describes death proper private woman follows week asked mrs died hours unfortunately end shift aides able gather curiosity able show knew checking signs stopped died mrs rites sister present night alert fifteen minutes aides converged wisecracks probing fingers closed eyes convergence put entire lifestyle mockery humiliating watch died closing eyes total humiliation austin patients essentially objects staff worked ability project control vastly limited
restoration important area death funeral home relationship subsequent services highly restoration process valued funeral directors depends kind organization cf pine funeral directors establishments need repeated business families served attend restoration carefully need evaluations order maintain reputations conversely volume houses stress efficiency quality restoration funeral directors control volume altering death rates reputations members community main means attracting clientele reputation turn believed rest quality restoration relative importance restoration related cultural variables brings theme discussion account strong cultural traditions supporting selection lavish funeral arrangements customers satisfied expensive funeral selections actively seek materialistic society personal tends measured monetary terms stands reason poor affluent desire elaborate funeral rituals view personal statements social symbolic especially unrecognized views reinforced shared culture places high display sociability pageantry death serve means impoverished conditions expected rewards event values poor strongly support expensive funeral burial rituals case point mathias argues characteristics italian american funeral south philadelphia reveal persistence cultural traditions village southern italy
social definitions murder typically refer sudden violent act individual death culmination face face encounter subtle forms institutionalized violence part defined murder result deaths death producing social practices resulting malnutrition elderly predictable accidents inequitable distribution medical care capital punishment typically defined murder cf vernon delving analysis interaction observations regarding relationship murder society structural functionalist perspective homicide serve important societal valve releasing societal tensions homicide forms deviant behavior serves important functions murderers seen frustrated individuals unable realize aspirations society permit members realize goals sets deviant acts serve clarify reaffirm shared norms values members society reducing number individuals compete scarce opportunities simultaneously reaffirming righteousness shared norms homicide serve perpetuate equilibrium society maintaining balance existing institutions amount homicide normal say typical condition society marxist perspective murder produced society internal contradictions economic system assuming homicide albeit unpleasant form set functionalist view marxist theorist assume type reflects significant characteristics capitalistic societies scarce distributed resources result alienation
order handle death efficiency methodically socialized proper performance role noted continuity previously held values conceptions masculine role based aggressiveness discernible military experience remains largely consistent previously held values young recruit present experience remain unquestioned structural conditions exist recruit soldier consequent identification hero socialized warrior traditional analysis implies soldier takes country enemies occurs socialization process successful course success heavily contingent extent definition war professed military recruit military function properly effective force handling death problems discontent disobedience inefficiency avoided socialization process soldier identify unit turn lead lessened efficiency impair safety group concerted efforts instill recruits instantaneous automatic obedience orders socialization recruit aspects prior identity stripped order controllable identity ultimately created serve purposes military organization cf goffman intensive program boot camp recruit thoughts actions reformed coincide military officials cf lifton aspects center sensitivity human concerns subjugated discipline routine toughness
turning directly emotional implications lengthy dying process illuminate consequences experiencing grief discussion focus anger relief guilt experience loss intimate aware anger situations feel angry deceased person leaving feel angry added burdens death means feel angry disruption everyday personal worlds addition feel angry toll caretaking dying process addition person dying resentment situation manifested resentment seen involved relatives voiced despair invited die likely experience remorse grieving specifically effects earlier resentments grief obviously relatives feel relief anger guilt relief major dimensions relief frequently felt consideration deceased suffering persons acknowledge feeling relief reason relief felt due ending uncertainty important discussion relief felt death means end ordeal beginning normal activities anger deceased relief death thought positive respectable feelings happens believed wholly negative according psychoanalytic view feelings turned form depression guilt certainly situations exclusive guilt surely contribute guilt pervasive theme analysis grief guilt objective basis small child killed parent inattentive
similarly widow idealize lost husband identifies children presented idealized image deceased parent identification deceased parent strong reaffirmed surviving deceased parent imposed child model child live identification deceased consumes survivor suicide considered situations survivor identity merged submerged deceased prior identity unusual bereaved lovers spouses suicidal thoughts period devastated death move phase presence children pressing responsibilities act form links survivors identification deceased marked feel dead major links job children tie bereaved routines everyday apt vulnerable thoughts suicide death seen reunion deceased suicide subjectively defined escape route disorganized source reintegration identity feeling presence dead person source comfort bereaved lost persons recovered sensation presence dreams visual images images ordinarily illusions hallucination professionals bereaved context times bereaved need reassurance intensity emotions natural response loss
study death dying significance culture twofold rise common meanings ways think act feel face death powerful organizational forms culture backdrop individuals interpret construct meanings actions granted ways individuals account wider social meanings occasionally transform everyday interactions face death live social psychological vacuum everyday worlds modes acting virtue granted understandings derived cultural values social participation american understanding death dying primarily psychological personal issues view derived shared values reaffirmed actual circumstances significantly cultural values related conceptions death constructed individuals conceptions death held apt shape individual experience death conceptions individual experience share reciprocal relationship influences ordinarily death conceptions shape experience experience radically differs earlier conceptions expected sense divergent individuals dying patients student physicians combat soldiers conceptions death sense recent experiences order individuals sense experiences consciousness feelings raised definition prerequisite consciousness sense individual feels knows definition sense felt known able articulated understood remains awareness ambiguity confusion experience
humans animals learned communicate presumably humans animals developed true symbol system language capable learning language recently assumption kind mental ability required creating understanding language assumption faced major challenge project washoe began washoe young female chimpanzee living owners alan beatrice gardner home environment gardners began teaching washoe communicate american sign language deaf gestures stand words twenty months training washoe mastered thirty signs correctly consistently learning gardner gardner washoe unusually intelligent chimpanzee roger continued teaching sign language chimpanzees discovered washoe unique chimpanzees receptive learn discovered chimps deal fairly sophisticated thinking signs learning lucy acquired vocabulary seventy signs observation occurred presented radish lucy signed fruit food drink days fourth bit radish spit signed cry hurt food point cry hurt describe radish describing watermelon lucy signed candy drink drink fruit experimenter signs water melon combinations demonstrated lucy ability form combinations signs vocabulary revealed lucy ability express concepts items environment
realize depend body movement conversation aware hidden rules govern listening behavior instantly person re talking tuned re sensitive breach listening etiquette white middle class american culture wants show listening looks person face specifically eyes shifting gaze eye observe person conversing notice listening nodding head makes hmm noises agrees give vigorous nod show pleasure affirmation smiles reservations looks skeptical raising eyebrow pulling corners mouth participant wants terminate conversation start shifting body position stretching legs crossing bobbing foot diverting gaze speaker speaker aware lost audience measure listener look watch imminent end conversation talking listening intricately intertwined person talking oneself part brain speaks part listens conversations listener positively negatively reinforcing speaker guide conversation knowing laughing frowning dismissing argument wave hand language eyes age exchanging feelings subtle complex
popular stereotype sociologist pictures researcher going armed questionnaire returning mountain statistics stereotypes truth image beginning sociologist statistics research results complicated reason simplify results purpose statistics turn observations numbers subject rules mathematics makes analysis observations flexible compare large numbers wide variety observations important remember statistics means communication kinds observation feasible numbers provided statistics allow sociologist describe observations simplified manner commonly called descriptive statistics simplified form basic tally tally votes election say candidate received votes describing voter trip polls rundown jones vote ms smith vote think numbers simplifications complications consider observations test students classes teachers supposed covering material purpose test locate outstanding students students achieve score test known raw score student morning class student afternoon class students equal certainly terms knowing material test achievements learning material equal
congenial approach religion baptists expressed attitude sects populous american protestants baptists churchgoing public america course spawned number unique religions based private revelation initiative religions christian science aspects evangelical approach evident religious groups stand furthest groups quakers roman catholics modern quakers instance quietism forebears according historian jay university south carolina author catholic revivalism american experience parish records preachers diaries reveal evangelical traits found american catholic practices parish mission weekends retreats emotional peaks sought retreats evangelical prayer service visions hellfire leading choice christ confessional surprising change latin mass english catholics adopted evangelical style large group catholic pray holy spirit aloud demonstratively words catholics gradually americanized religious practices process quickened resulting vatican ii vatican council held tried reform renew roman catholic church basis modern thought recently normative nature evangelical beliefs practices obscured practices prevalent rural poor areas south midwest
famous studies human behavior stanley milgram conducted experiment determine degree orders subjects solicited advertising instructed taking part memory experiment designed test effectiveness punishment memory punishment consist electric shocks administered mistakes memory test occurred experiment consist individuals teacher administer shocks receiving wrong answers learner job remember meaningless word pairs receive shocks memory lapses reality experimental subjects answered advertisement role teacher learner actor actually hooked impressive looking shock machine teacher instructions increase voltage shock machine subsequent wrong answer shock machine ranged volts real point experiment determine subjects continue administer thought painful electric shocks actor screaming experiment end milgram calmly insisting experiment continue obeyed orders milgram asked variety including professional psychiatrists thought refusing continue experiment psychiatrists agreed subjects discontinue experiment request actor terminate continue administer volts milgram conducted experiment milgram discovered approximately percent subjects convinced excessive pressure continue volt level screams agony complaints heart trouble actor room
united states today born york city grow move los adult meet native city common find enjoy movies television programs attitudes religion politics enjoy music general understand meeting share things exciting experience communication exciting occurs unlikely place strangely likely places full don understand stand grew blocks common tastes interests situations written coincidence american society stands reason live nearby grew coordination society leaves chance occurrences exceptions seen previous chapters individuals grow social creatures large extent shaped social experiences norms follow roles play knowledge acquire values hold products experiences socialization internalize accept part meet share lot behavior ideas values undoubtedly individual social experiences
important element development members occupation presence mechanisms facilitating informal interaction colleagues mechanisms provide opportunities frequent interaction occupational members serve strengthen identity occupation petroleum industry generally specifically mechanisms bear examination include local associations especially social programs local petroleum clubs organizations wives persons exploration segment petroleum industry recent considerable activity petroleum organize local regional occupational associations local association tri association organized indiana association announced goal follows purpose organization closer association area discussing problems mutual interest tri association ceased operations war reorganized war break continuity honor oldest continuous local association goes mississippi association organized jackson mississippi july war ii local associations organized country local associations formed practically areas country appreciable oil activity concentration petroleum industry personnel result opportunity associate local organizations apparently previously cited study ago showed percent surveyed presence local association area thirds questioned members local association majority revealed attended meetings participated social activities sponsored association
professional music making mass specialized activities producing specialized music specialized audiences thirty ago occupational music complicated classical music music popular jazz category contained tunes audiences preferred popular songs polkas category contained musicians wanted play audiences generally paying musicians difference taste led problems music changed dispute howard becker sociologists study jazz musicians occupational group examining sense occupational identity relationship audience discovered jazz musicians felt especially squares hired wanted eat played squares wanted identity jazz musicians continued variety forms role distance achieved rebelling popular musician role forming alternative roles rebellion mild taking form band corner audience provide protection squares becker jazz musicians community alternative roles existed jazz musicians socialized jazz musicians show social environment maintain respect jazz musician constantly criticizing squares robert stebbins continued study jazz musicians role distance techniques major problems noted occurred jazz band play social setting audience request music band want play
finally remains nature transformation marines implied rewards cigarettes smoking lamp lighted cigarette sir smoking lamp lighted cigarette aye aye sir light em burn em sir aye aye sir movies twelve weeks marines figured heavily sands iwo jima play times marine corps base cigarettes optional nonsmokers write letters minutes movies enjoy flick goddam mouths shut shit hit fan needed telling understand rewards symbolic rewards marines required construction proper evaluative base punishments end heard lectures classroom reviews countless sea stories corps history fight extolling toughness courage heroes recounting sexual exploits marines liberty included small bit bragging part dis marines understood exclusive fraternity uninitiated truly understand foundation periodic indications gradual progress exalted goal allowed starch block covers held recognizable shape send pair utilities base laundry service starched crisp feel truly clean clothing change appearance wrought pressed sharply creased uniforms helped dissolve feeling ugliness burdened clearly distinguished newer recruits
sex commonly overlooked aspect informal social organization lower reaches factory don mean sex dichotomous variable explanation differences behavior employ variables age race education occupational status mean sex sexual activity sundry male female leading observed interference speak behavior kinds social interaction clearly relevant generally recognized purposes factory management surprise including conception human relations industry confined geometric images formal organization charts flow diagrams centrally involved current sexual revolution raise eyebrows sex considered functionally inappropriate industrial activity place literal sense regard general layout material furnishings typical factory industrial management show diffuse sort indulgence premarital extramarital achievements employees unlikely extends approval mating maneuvers company machine crew members expected pair operations necessitate carry kind coordinated activity organizational demands production lower costs knowledge sexual revolution led institution order fornication break american workshops perspective late edward sapir maintain spurious culture distinct genuine major requisite attaining compartmentalize activities recreation art religion family separate place
average measures form score individual makes grade education average individual makes college accept dimensions social stratification talk individual consistency dimensions sociologists call status consistency status inconsistency describes individuals consistently high medium low dimensions social stratification janitor ph status inconsistent female senator black doctor poor dentist nobel prize winner grade school education idea status inconsistency associate put strain janitor ph janitors worked wouldn share educational background interests shared educational background share occupational experiences marginal member groups research studies attempted test hypotheses relating status inconsistency variety factors including psychological stress results inconclusive part problem social circumstances result apparent status inconsistency attitudes feelings individuals affected effects status inconsistency strongly related type societies simple stratification hierarchy characteristic generally consistent dimensions stratification develop ultimately diverge single ranking system existence dimensions produce status inconsistency individuals move
gary indiana company town wasn constructed united states steel corporation foot lake michigan ideal location steel mills million dollars invested construction gary needed workers initial methods steel locate workers gary directly page written karl marx ruling class control working class making sure working class stays divided edward greer describes corporation planned physical nature city agents advertise europe south bring workers backgrounds build mills today ethnic groups represented population imported labor cheap hoped cultural differences language barriers curtail growth socialist labor movement tough pioneer character city fact immigrant workers families joined country combined create lawless vice ridden atmosphere corporation curtail gary indelibly stamped mold corporate creators greer according greer steel corporation fostered ethnic hatreds rivalries workers hopes preventing labor organization chapter story labor unions inevitably gary rest country steel racial hatred help control union american blacks gary labor shortages war blacks
stinging bites itching body lice steadily grew worse filth lice fleas multiplied thousands swarmed hold worst body crevices held hair kunta armpits foto felt fire free hand scratched steadily hand couldn reach thoughts springing running moment later eyes fill tears frustration anger rise fight felt kind calm worst thing couldn move felt wanted bite chains decided focused occupy mind hands mad hold judging things cried lying listening breathing sounds side kunta learned tell asleep awake concentrated hearing farther practice listening intently repeated sounds discovered ears discern location exactly peculiar sensation ears serving eyes groans curses filled darkness heard thump head planks lay odd monotonous noise stop intervals resume sounded pieces metal rubbed hard hearing kunta figured trying wear links chains
mass hysteria occur congregate face kind stress commonly supplies job hysteria natural setting sociologist collective behavior jobs stressful respond differently sidney stahl marty set study relationship job stress mass hysteria march thirty women worked university data processing center ill suffering fainting nausea dizziness ten required medical treatment mass illness believed gas unknown origin atmosphere setting building evacuated air inside tested addition blood urine affected workers tested found tests building opened women ill building closed physical reason illness found enter sociologists comparing symptoms illness workers exhibited liked stahl found interesting correlation dissatisfied woman job severe symptoms apparently job sick ways commonly thought women spreading illness apparently appealing alternative stahl suggest illness charade women mass hysteria spreads quickly ground fertile social stress similar study colleagues discussed chapter found hysteria job spread primarily friends friend sick likely follow suit
call lack discernment want call plain pride want seen looked lady fat lady competing attention notice shout parts church wrong competition reply matter fact competition broken later revival admitted pride trying worked humbled god congregation bring church faster bosses knees begging god forgiveness pulpit looks faces congregation shouters start look gotten sick weekend wouldn meeting evangelist leader team starting voice microphone revivals effort shouting crowd took toll voice worse yearly gravelly rattle driver seat started coughed started slightly theme think problems meeting shouters lack preparation revival church ready revival pastor largely responsible agonizing attitude
sociology scientific study human groups focuses interrelated areas study social conditions patterned recurrent relationships concern behavior unique individuals situations lie boundaries sociological perspective sociologists interested patterned human relationships individual behavior students class behave exactly alike sleep daydream prepare exam course talk friends listen professor lecture notes write letters home visited college classroom find similar patterns behavior students remain seats professors lecture professors assign grades students examinations students ask questions individual students professors differ class class relate patterned ways americans tend explain human behavior individualistic psychological terms young goes war kill enemy young mother divorces husband develop potential recently retired commits suicide escape depression events explained relying individualistic factors young war taught patriotic young mothers divorce social trend sexual equality retired commit suicide society suddenly separated explanations sociological explanations refer individuals sociologists speak young young woman retired focus groups categories young young women retired approach assumes behavior group determined characteristics individual members
twenty ago career sociology sociologist professor teacher sort number careers sociologists teaching remains dominant activity fifteen thousand professional sociologists today forms employment growing numbers significance jobs reserved exclusively sociologists sectors sociologists joined economists social workers psychologists represents growing appreciation sociology potential contribution career pay reason studying sociology subject matter holds considerable interest sake certainly sociology offers valuable preparation sorts careers sociology popular major students planning futures professions law business education architecture medicine mention social politics public administration sociology rich fund knowledge directly concerning fields sociology distinctive ways looking generate ideas assess finally sociology offers range research techniques applied specific arenas concern crime criminal justice client satisfaction business firm provision medical care problems poverty welfare sociology valuable sociological career main purpose consider sociological careers success careers depends term career preparation short term responses changing circumstances virtually impossible fully anticipate lies ahead ten twenty forty remains true kinds training career
addition knowledge research methods contribute advancement sociological theory sociologists research skills explore questions pressing social concern enlightening applications research methods sociologists provided peter rossi richard kenneth skills examine ability social program shortly reduce tendency released prisoners arrested convicted release term describe pattern repeated arrests rossi note problem major prison population united states including serving federal prisons serving county municipal jails hovers fill modest sized urban center rochester york population prisons release persons completed sentences granted parole knows sure ultimately returned prison conviction estimates rates ranging percent percent unacceptably high social policy viewpoint imprisonment incurs costs criminal justice processing prison maintenance imprisonment represents larger number crimes person apprehended rossi opinions reduce problem solutions effects carefully studied cooperation united states department labor rossi tested pilot program designed providing prisoners unemployment insurance payments help prison
think family violence terms beliefs personalities individual family members according approach hit slap family members personality problems attitudes favor violence sociologists ursula murray dismiss individualistic explanations entirely incorrect argue explanations incomplete overlook social structure families definition social structure consistent textbook social structure context refers system patterned social interactions families social structures consist role relationships role relationship involves mutual expectations obligations members husband wife mother son social structure family contend especially likely generate conflict role expectations family members cover areas behavior family members unable unwilling live expectations circumstances conflict lead violence drew national sample american adults living families interested surveying attitudes violence actual violent behavior attitudinal items asked thought slapping spanking child separate item thought couples slapping item respondents asked degree considered behavior question normal getting comment actual violent behavior difficult tried promote candid responses phrasing question terms
valuable remember individual differences maturation rates rule human development aware parents recognize difference statistical child child developmental norms ages abilities based averages wide range normal variation average reasonable expect plateaus reversals periods rapid advancement development child applies appearance motor skills crawling walking language development stages cognitive development piaget areas development uniqueness child respected means resisting temptation compare child child presence child individual judged emphasized babies need stimulation keeping need mind parents provide opportunities varied sensory experience infancy baby surrounded colors music things taste smell touch babies vegetables makes perfect sense talk infant hang mobiles crib rearrange room weekly possibility providing stimulation remote parents put imagination attempts enrich infant surroundings typically enriching environment stage childhood appears worth effort matter fact jerome recently reported stimulation later childhood greater effect intellectual development previously believed
according factors organizations oligarchic need hierarchy authority advantages held top hierarchy characteristics rest members organization agreeing weber contended organizational problems large group desiring achieve goal requires development bureaucracy highly democratic organizations socialist parties europe deeply interested masses delegate decision making leaders delegation means creating hierarchy authority leaders top hierarchy able monopolize power part characteristics part situation organization leaders able social political skills power skills maintain positions merely jobs leaders organization gain special knowledge membership create staff loyal control channels communications legally resources organization maintain increase power oligarchy organizations according encouraged characteristics followers masses tend defer greater skills possessed leaders followers feel leaders articulate job addition masses passive indifferent want spend lot organizational activities general membership fact feels grateful leaders leadership providing
discussion consequences social stratification research presented demonstrate association distinctive ways thinking feeling behaving social class level association strong sociologists view social classes subcultures parents ample opportunity socialize children accepting class related values beliefs norms observe social class differences attitudes behavior variety social dimensions health expectancy crime education marital family relations religion politics present purposes wish explore class related differences childrearing practices point implications differences person marries social class tradition research documents class differences raise children davis havighurst bronfenbrenner recent interesting studies social class childrearing practices melvin colleagues national institute mental health washington began inquiry studying white collar blue collar caucasian families washington late subsequently studied parents italy national survey american research based rejection standing assumption childrearing practices key parental values questioned belief permissiveness strictness respect childrearing practices breastfeeding weaning indicator underlying values parents parents words change specific childrearing practices changing basic values
social scientists concerned extent offspring wealthy families unfair advantage adults concern gained increasing importance federal government launched war poverty intended part promote equality economic opportunity claim family background influence person socioeconomic success considerable disagreement exists exactly influence family background success disagreement exists part researchers indirect measures wealth respondent parents interview researcher obtain difficulty information education occupation respondent parents information parents salary levels earnings extremely difficult obtain fact information wealth respondent parents savings stocks bonds property practical purposes impossible obtain parents interviewed russell provided data unusual set interviews fathers adult sons increase understanding relationship family wealth socioeconomic success family offspring investigated aspects sons success including education earnings importance wealth sociologists sufficient data study phenomenon wealth wealth important aspect economic status inequality reasons distribution wealth disproportionate distribution earnings words difference americans terms job income terms savings stocks bonds property gap rich rest society determined wealth job income
portrait white ethnics accurate fact evidence contrary surveys conducted showed white ethnics vietnam war white anglo saxon protestants catholic blue collar workers found liberal protestant blue collar workers country likely favor guaranteed annual wage likely vote black presidential candidate likely express concern environment finally white ethnics likely sympathetic government help poor favor integration wasps greeley according david white ethnics victim occupational income discrimination purely ethnic grounds fact andrew greeley contended white ethnics successful unfair label working class success generally recognized according greeley america elite willing abandon myth blue collar ethnic despite relative success white ethnics recent conscious cultural national origins kind white ethnic roots movement fact trend white ethnic identity grew black power movement blacks decided wanted preserve cultural racial identity white ethnics believe white ethnicity beautiful believe price abandoning cultural national roots michael called price americanized simply high times white ethnics organized interest groups support political issues close cultural national origins levine herman
easy answers question family marriage divorce complex matter study marriage divorce sought answers individual societal levels individual level factors divorce earlier marries greater likelihood divorce longer couple married lower probability marriage end divorce average length marriages ending divorce united states largest number marriages ending divorce occur suggests poor decisions mate selection important marital conflict termination marriages expected divorce related nature quality marital relationship number researchers studied known marital adjustment graham asked sample married recently divorced individuals describe marital relationships found recently divorced relationships shared interests activities poor communication difficulties expressing affection sense togetherness relationships married characterized ability enjoy companionship participation wide variety social activities open frequent interaction willingness express affection kenneth sells summarized divorce societal level divorce rates increase times economic prosperity decrease times economic recession depression economic prosperity concentrate issues survival consider options personal happiness marriage recent rise divorce rate reflects passage baby boom generation marriageable ages
children study similar nearby school context spite building young teacher methods materials differ generations ago science taught grade unit weather children sensitive awakening nature days getting longer amount pressing farm increasing children needed home learn practical arts running family farm teacher anxious set small garden vegetable plants flowers ready strawberry harvest school drawing end school integrated agricultural seasons planting harvesting related family unit school aged children simultaneously nurtured family contribute physically family security amish school separated separated amish school supports family traditions economy amish community enables child learn facts roles needs function amish person twentieth century america cry relevance heard sides order amish quietly developing school system integrated style relevant amish suffered repeatedly coercive school laws officials understood apprehensions technological progress loss community amish parents served jail terms children trained choosing public school suitable preparation seeking participate mainstream american culture
women differed respect changing views career goal increasingly concerned obtaining education provide knowledge techniques directly applicable career percent male seniors percent female seniors claimed important educational goal percentage doubled percent females increased substantially percent males women changing educational priorities entirely consistent changing goals showed consistency changing goals educational goals relative importance career goal decreased importance preparing career educational goal increased family goal trend equal partners attitude women percent likely percent consider family relationships important goal percentage women considering family relationships important decreased markedly percent percentage decreased nominally percent gender gap regarding importance family disappeared narrowed considerably preparing happy marriage family fare educational goal percent percent women rated important important educational goal percentage women dropped percent issue women seniors perfectly agreed leisure increased importance goal women importance proved greater women
writers exaggerated anonymity superficiality relationships urban areas contrary early theory urban residents found participate meaningful relationships family friends neighbors urban residents spend spent mass transit vehicles busy sidewalks crowded stores times occasions sights sounds variety city enjoying feeling independence confining commitments personal relationships unfortunately produce sensation overload inability individual manage stimuli environment coming fast milgram cope overload urban areas major cope overload minimize personal involvement don phrase create symbolic shield privacy accomplish attempting avoid contact strangers discouraging initiating contact waiting bus find trying convince entirely busy interact young mid twenties sits benches bus depot places briefcase carried arm lap opens withdraws small pieces paper examining intensity returns case stands slightly pull coins pants pocket sits counts money times returning pocket
rumor widely circulating story truth questionable rumors focus events interest part mass media makes fortune public attraction rumors magazines devoted exclusively private lives loves rock idols movie stars newspapers filled stories based guesswork half truths respectable national publications cater public desire learn private lives rich famous offbeat examples suggest rumors gossip closely related days news nuclear accident mile island harrisburg pennsylvania rumor flashed surrounding area plant explode nearby spread radioactive fallout miles recent rumor mcdonald restaurants increased protein content hamburgers ground worms according rumor combination soft drink pop rocks candy stomachs explode rumors proved true spread believed part touched insecurities uncertainties anxieties clearest contemporary examples rumor pronouncing death paul mccartney october detroit radio disc jockey received air phone call suggesting paul mccartney dead evidence caller noted song revolution number played backward words turn dead heard faintly days later university michigan student newspaper published story headline mccartney dead
known events heroes massive westward migration led addition states annexation large territories addition period growth population million economic expansion beginnings urban industrial revolution democratization political process period nation fought wars war designated war independence tremendous wave nationalistic feeling pride mexican war number distinguished schwartz pre civil war members congress found century commemorate lacked unity due controversies surrounding regional conflicts tariffs public lands political appointments conflicts couched highly personal terms newspaper referred president andrew jackson ignorant imbecile inefficient unfortunately occupies chair chief magistrate schwartz political climate congress turn colonial revolutionary war periods find events members agree worthy commemoration preferred depictions events dramatic giant paintings titles landings columbus discovery mississippi desoto surrender lord cornwallis declaration independence rotunda selections served convenient political purposes indians depicted savages provided convenient contrast white americans notions civilized qualities explorers christopher columbus honored john cabot early colonists considered cabot noteworthy explorers post columbus explorer land north american continent
political virility states underestimated grown factors striking contrast states dead theory surprising discovery nation largest growth sector national defense automobile manufacturing federal government largest growth sector local government assessment significance local government today recognize vastly increased services expenditures close relationship activities individual citizens roles proving ground national leaders experimental laboratories essential element federalism functioning american political party system explanation paradox referred preceding paragraphs found tremendous growth government levels growth power functions national government added burdens responsibilities states subdivisions flow billions dollars washington local agencies local units calls government line calls extensive management growing relations government government local expenditures risen billion dollars billion dollars national government spent annually local governments recent upsurge local spending narrowed gap considerably ratio stands billion dollar total levels government expenditures increased jumping billion dollars billion dollars city local government expenditures expanded similar pace
noted article constitution providing methods amendment stipulates consent deprived equal suffrage senate stipulation nature proviso limiting amending power vesting supreme court original jurisdiction cases states respect dignity sovereignty respect emphasized comparatively speedy proposal ratification eleventh amendment effective immediately occasioned court sustaining civil suit georgia citizen south carolina undue restriction power clear language article iii constitution support decision eleventh amendment eliminated restriction states providing judicial power united states construed extend suit law equity commenced prosecuted united states citizens citizens subjects foreign constitutional change protect suit citizens eleventh amendment preclude action lower federal courts injured persons officials violation denial rights provided constitution states national government voluntarily provide claimants official debts damage court settlement national constitution reserves broad powers establishes important guarantees states imposes restrictions practices restrictions found original text amendments adopted civil war amendment prior war reduced comparative power states federal system
future growth effectiveness interstate compacts means clear states move regulatory service fields run increasing difficulties interstate negotiation congressional approval states urged congress adopt consent advance legislation fields means encouraging cooperation advance consent rarely variety political crosscurrents including opposition pressures federal agencies constitutes obstacles proposed interstate compacts consent congress requirement held supreme court apply interstate compacts tend increase political power states encroach interfere supremacy united states efforts conference southern governors obtain congressional consent regional education compact rebuffed conference decided consent required proceeded put plan operation plan involved joint tax support professional higher education whites blacks southern states looked device preserve segregated education senate judiciary committee vote southern argument education states reserved powers compact require congressional approval prevailed interstate compact means method interstate cooperation interstate organizations arisen multitude ways cooperation states oldest national conference commissioners uniform laws organized purpose simplify transactions lines model laws drafted recommended legislatures
constitutions offer wide variety subject matter arrangement approximate similarity statement fundamental rights powers longer forerunners revolutionary period virginia based government constitutional document fifteen hundred words professor alfred de trend longer constitutions american history demonstrating marked increase length period constitutions adopted generally shorter longest entire span middle twentieth century adopted constitutions vary length words vermont words alabama georgia wins dubious honor longest constitution estimated words purely local provisions counted notable length addition alabama constitutions oklahoma texas words louisiana constitution longest words constitution words alaska hawaii union constitutions approximately words age constitutions shown table longer constitution likely legislative deals transitory matters constitutions mentioned limited coverage fundamental principles purposes authorizing preventing sorts practices early days unheard left discretion legislators revision louisiana document regulated miscellaneous minor matters concerning local government public administration devoting words delineation powers duties modes selection matters pertaining board commissioners port orleans special attention subject bond issues
story suffrage expansion american commonwealths parallels growth political democracy western age jackson emphasized role common vote property qualification universal white male suffrage vogue states era rhode island rebellion jolted conservative elements relinquish voting restrictions handed colonial times general movement political democracy matched enfranchisement middle classes britain reform bill american blacks british laboring classes lay claim manhood suffrage fifty later women countries voting privilege suffrage absolute conditions met obstacles avoided subsequent look voting management procedure technical establishment universal suffrage brought problems american governments electorates formidable tasks arose connection registering voters supervising voting populous areas high mobility classes significant lack voting united states local minor elections places regions party political faction predominates participation local elections greater happen coupled election president vote governor elections ordinarily number fourths fifths total vote governor presidential potential voters neglect register qualify qualify fail polls election
demagoguery characterizes politics means divorced boss cool calculator hatreds prejudices whipping popular passions play racial religious prejudice resorted louisiana ways open eugene georgia theodore bilbo mississippi big city bosses generally steered clear bundle tricks thompson chicago constituents talking hitting king england oratory served times potent weapon stirring rural main street political action metropolitan interests wall street general side fence pro con liberal conservative inflame emotions appeal white power black power reformers reform movements arise challenge power boss machine party structure city grover cleveland launched national career reform mayor buffalo reform governor york seth low mayor city york turn century disrupted power tammany machine season governor ellis important term reformer georgia achieved constitutional results machine return power reform movements tend die apathy masses failure leadership able politically minded leader takes charge builds machine strength top bottom hiram johnson california elder robert lafollette wisconsin
picture legislators incomplete look socioeconomic background prove studies especially implied high status legislators support interests high status citizens lawyer legislators protect lawyer interests studies reveal strong correlation class position population opinion public issues considerable room doubt legislator social background simple direct voting behavior office peter rossi suggests lower status groups tend attracted persons high status deviated high status voting behavior socioeconomic background elected representatives actually poor predictor decisions socioeconomic characteristics constituents important understanding legislative behavior characteristics legislators legislators occupation education race religion social status undoubtedly affect decision making respects viewed care information important tool understanding legislators legislatures lawyers tend dominate occupational picture legislators extent critics known poke paraphrased fun saying government lawyers farmers traditionally run close lawyers recent proportion total membership begun slip study legislatures cited earlier lawyers accounted percent farmers percent members average legislatures today nearer percent lawyers significant occupation group represented engaged occupations demanding manual skills unskilled occupations
committees large memberships north carolina committees range members extreme states wisconsin massachusetts committee memberships large memberships provide committee representation groups regions memberships combination numerous committees inevitably entail extensive duplication members making impossible legislator attend committee meetings meetings held standing committees varies legislatures committees legislature rules committee continuous connection house proceedings invariably prerogative meeting night committees generally required avoid conflict regular floor sessions urgent reasons special house permission expected meet evenings mornings weekends leaving regular afternoons clear attendance floor considering bills important committees hold public hearings meet executive session prepare reports assignments unimportant graveyard committees rock months meeting report dominant chairman opposed action common knowledge legislatures equipped hot running committees cold running committees committee stacking method determining committee temperature specific questions large committee heavy duties characteristics legislative chamber schedule calendar items consideration division functions subcommittees investigation report full committee chairperson committee exercises significant powers divide guide speed delay attention measures assigned group
professor jewell critically analyzed methodology implications studies dye points twin difficulties measuring malapportionment trying interstate correlations measure effects malapportionment asks expect apportioned legislature overwhelmingly rural pass liberal legislation give aid large cities poorly apportioned legislature overwhelmingly urban cites poorest rural states south mississippi south carolina tennessee adopted liberal policies largest cities adequately represented spite scarcity statistical support early research efforts observers convinced performance newly reapportioned legislatures virginia michigan colorado clearly greater willingness grapple urban metropolitan problems true previous legislatures greater willingness levy taxes required programs merely high early season batting average fade passing question systematic research answer early observations relevant professor jewell assertion effects malapportionment policy outputs evaluated measuring differences states degrees malapportionment studying response legislatures challenges metropolis making call research hard question difference legislative reapportionment makes bernard states need follows need study comparative policy outcomes empirically quantitatively
discipline public service varies comparatively mild measures warning reprimand stringent forms suspension dismissal extremes alternatives loss seniority efficiency ratings loss privileges rank desire protect employees unwarranted dismissal political removal led enactment elaborate appeal procedures civil service commission judicial agency kind hearing guaranteed employees dismissed cases takes appearance formal trial complete legal counsel testimony cross examination jury decision commission guilty guilty appeal procedure defended essential protect innocent onslaught spoils system protective measures criticized ineffectual strong mayor governor seriously wants fire employee imposing red tape administrators genuinely interested removing unsatisfactory employees natural inclination administrator retain incompetent employee indefinitely risk open combat public hearing dirty linen department washed spite unfortunate result move spoils system merit system city government reasonable safeguards arbitrary dismissals subject collective bargaining top list personnel management concerns private business recently recognized major concern public sector surprisingly membership unions employee associations local government proportionately greater private industry public school teachers excluded local employees organized compared percent private sector
origin development systems courts jurisprudence understood taking account growth application meaning english common law spread united states canada countries body law vitally affected legal commandments states louisiana influenced napoleonic code antecedents louisiana occurred partial fusion english french doctrines criminal law difficult convey words concept common law expounded legal learning coke blackstone england kent story holmes america elements common law vogue early thirteenth century formulation judges rules based recognized customs common british realm rules served trying cases involved points issues covered prevailing statutes decisions commentaries constituted efforts apply established principles common sense civil criminal matters system grew judges relied court opinions adding precedent precedent body judge law reached high stage crystallization doctrinal baggage export america attained wide scope suited functions prescribed federal courts noted statutes existence precedence common law case conflict discrepancy true england america statutory law duplicate amplify modify displace common law statutory encroachment varies states according completeness statutes codes common law perish
general dissatisfaction enlarged crowded lent emphasis demands injecting leavening elements expertness unity system judicial processes especially populous urban regions half states ohio massachusetts pioneers set judicial councils analogous legislative councils studies recommendations view improving streamlining court organization procedure bodies consist judges lawyers function mainly purposes research advice offering hope limited gradual scale jersey leader seeking coordinate modernize units judiciary constitutional provisions adopted result regular administrative director courts annual reports provide information status courts local supreme constitutional tended speed higher courts cases confront lower courts respect civil cases effort worthwhile chief justice vanderbilt statement supreme court reduced argument decision average days system days intermediate court appeals days days end constitution number cases calendar jersey courts smallest twenty despite increases number cases initiated results achieved jersey attributed chief justice vanderbilt factors popular sentiment demands high performance courts judges lawyers strive realize popular expectation
specialized outgrowth renewed interest welfare consumer movement fault automobile insurance growing discontent accident victims litigation red tape uncertainty receiving compensation medical costs lost wages led proposal legislation establishing fault principle tort liability system preoccupied fixing blame compensating injuries involving expensive lawyers fees fault requires injured driver insurance company pay compensation return benefit driver sue driver vehicle restricted advocates contend reduction automobile insurance rates effect chief reason adopting fault insurance quick compensation injured major goal massachusetts adopt law florida connecticut jersey michigan earliest states adopt advocates call authentic strong fault insurance laws opposed cosmetic legislation reduce insurance rates restrict damage suits approximately half states passed fault legislation remained controversial reform proposal states nevada repealed law adoption government policy pressured contrary ways big dealers small chain systems independents pressure prompt taxation purposes policy license requirements tabs limits miscellaneous peddlers demands increase business tax unit extensive systems chain stores levy operators single establishments balancing group pressures revenue regulation determines intrastate taxation liquor stores sales competing interests involving consumers non consumers dealers producers
fourth nation population enrolled schools colleges close sixty million dominant majority enrolled public systems institutions private schools colleges despite growth private academies response white flight conglomerate process public education involves array teachers pupils functions central local boards elected appointed requires host administrators including superintendents principals presidents deans supporting staffs secretaries managers specialists decisions concerning education inextricably related reduced birth rate flow migration urban suburban blight sprawl unemployment trends national defense requirements tax structure technological development race relations energy crisis host things complaints administrative overhead american education reducing easy public system major states terms borrowed interpreters giant business vertical horizontal combination decline public school enrollment early quantitative problem education began seat qualitative problems governments legislative executive functions key roles public education despite importance local initiative variation school merit localities states essential middlemen federal aid schools adoption prior constitution policy donating section township western lands states educational purposes states shift nineteenth century free schools poor children free schools provisions centralized statewide standards examining certifying teachers
honeymoon period poverty program running rough political waters variety reasons budget pressures related war viet nam added normal opposition welfare spending maximum feasible involvement poor cases took appearance organizing fight city hall turn caused loss important political support congressional appropriations practice creating private community action agencies fourths cases governmental agencies tended cases isolate program important coordinating pressures local level addition factors weaknesses war poverty tended headlines press quiet success stories urban violence cities alleged successful poverty programs provided ammunition militant opponents war poverty inter administrative rivalries competition control aspects poverty program weakened president nixon landslide re election served notice budget message congress favored elimination contraction suspension transfer poverty programs called program hodgepodge poorly conceived hastily put projects called dismantling oeo popular programs older agencies departments embattled programs destined die lingering deaths war poverty controversial career received usual quota lumps bruises governmental program inaugurated usual goal eventual total victory poverty ancient mankind enemies
connecticut rhode island enjoyed status charter corporate colonies revolution structure government royal proprietary colonies character government radically charter colony functioned corporation charter granted king according charters property owners colony elected governor council members assembly charters subject revocation king massachusetts charter colony record resistance crown charter revoked later royal colony connecticut charter rhode island charter remained force constitutions slight occasioned revolution nineteenth century british administration american colonies poorly organized clearly determined goals parliament showed deal interest regulation colonial trade content leave colonial administration king turn king permitted governmental agencies look colonial interests considered competence jurisdiction central english colonial office colonies london concerned thirteen american colonies treated separate individual entity sort supervision plan preconceived goals contributed development desire government colonies lack plan colonial development compounded isolation wrought mile wide ocean literally forced colonies assume large measure government british colonial policies firm george iii ascended throne disagreements inevitable
constitutions vary widely age differ greatly length alabama constitution words extreme connecticut rhode island constitutions words constitutions extremes average length words constitutions considered excessively easy decide provisions fundamental importance fundamental depend entirely peculiarities states water short supply constitutions properly provisions relating allocation resource economy depends heavily tourism justified devoting space fundamental document motor vehicles fuel tax forestry mining activity major importance consider constitutional references activities fundamental constitutions deal broad range matters document unique constitutions provisions considered broad categories respect constitutions alike governmental principles based compare basic structure processes states realize cast general mold constitutions espouse doctrine popular sovereignty recognizing source political power government exists popular consent limited government doctrine government operate defined bounds implied actually stated constitution fact powers government apportioned legislative executive judicial branches powers illustrates universal acceptance doctrines separation powers checks balances
constitution found minimum qualifications person possess order qualify gubernatorial candidate states require united states citizenship stipulate minimum number citizenship ranging twenty periods residence varying length ten required practically states rule candidate reached specific age common requirement thirty states accept twenty twenty provisions included constitution pertaining age custom requires candidate governorship mature person possession formal qualifications obviously insufficient person promising candidate significant formal qualifications arising political necessity crucial question qualifications enhance vote getting capacity candidate party needs candidate widest appeal offend smallest number voters candidate unlike mass voters order appeal candidate sufficiently worthy trust candidate persuasive possess superior practical knowledge problems government ability candidate needs convince voters program offered designed meet pressing problems general availability measured terms considerations ability party leaders affiliation organizations religion nationality background financial resources gender experience public office candidates acceptable party organization definite advantage opposed regulars
american federal system governmental power divided nation states united states constitution national government powers delegated remaining powers reserved states stated tenth amendment powers delegated united states constitution prohibited states reserved states powers reserved states vested largely legislatures exercise powers free restraint article vi section national constitution constitution laws treaties supreme law land legislative enactment contrary national law valid conflicts occur national law prevails specific limitations exercise authority contained constitution article section sets detailed list prohibitions forbidding states things conclude treaties join alliances coin print money grant titles nobility tax imports exports troops peace portions document additional limitations imposed effect delegation power national government limitation totally pre area authority belong exclusively states fundamental law constitution source numerous restrictions denials legislative authority designed protect rights powers legislative encroachment prevent abuse legislative authority limitations fall number categories constitutions bills rights lists guarantees infringement individual rights
methods employed states selection judges popularly elected appointed governors selected legislatures originally appointed continuation office dependent later election case types public officials wide variations states striking differences methods single widely method choice judges popular election justices supreme courts fill lowest ranking positions judiciary chosen manner doctrine separation powers democratic nature elections fundamental propositions support elective mode choice judgeships representative character involve highly specialized function students government generally feel selection judges entrusted vagaries public election insure competence bench judges appointed basis demonstrated ability field law half dozen states delaware hawaii maine massachusetts hampshire jersey governor choose higher court judges connecticut rhode island south carolina virginia positions filled legislative selection approximately half states rely exclusively election means judicial selection scant majority nonpartisan basis dozen states plans selection involve gubernatorial appointment popular election period office constitutional amendment judges california supreme court district courts appeals opposed re election judge declares candidacy runs basis performance office
legal systems american states age twenty generally age majority person entitled full management personal affairs understandable twenty age voting eligibility began georgia lowered minimum age qualification eighteen twenty minimum voting age states kentucky reduced eighteen entry union alaska set minimum age nineteen hawaii twenty decade response considerable pressure generated groups seeking extension franchise younger voters massachusetts montana lowered minimum age nineteen maine nebraska reduced twenty congress enacted voting rights act amendments provided minimum voting age eighteen elections united states supreme court ruled congressional action valid applied elections federal officers chosen lower voting age elections congress proposed twenty sixth amendment effect effect preventing states setting minimum age suffrage eligibility higher eighteen states imposed durational residency requirements months united states supreme court severely restricted requirements dunn case law school professor tennessee permitted register voter resident met residence requirement conceded require resident contended length period unreasonable discriminate depriving constitutional equal protection laws
unfortunately studies initiative referendum states especially helpful investigations conducted california michigan oregon admittedly adequate sample information pertaining states insight operation devices direct democracy addition tentative observations concerning initiative referendum scientific general statements adequate investigation manner devices actually fashionable circles comment critically ballot excessively direct legislation students subject deny solid accomplishments realized initiative referendum proposals voted ham eggs variety viewed general terms matters voted electorate classified major groups modifications structure government finances public policy examples measures passed californians include executive budget law civil service system improved procedures selection judges known proposition oregonians provided reorganization school districts revised procedures legislature authorized practice denture technology empowered legislature call special session voters oregon especially active regard financial matters hundred measures voted half century approximately directly concerned finances local units government number measures salaries legislators general sales tax cigarette tax submitted voters persons claimed regularly vote revenue measures analysis votes oregon california michigan support assertion
appreciation government spending requires awareness trends understanding money spent simplest accomplishing purpose examine financial reports states course varied systems reporting expenditures commonly classified according character function character reflects nature expenditure regardless function functions involved money spent pay interest outstanding bonds character bonds issued finance road hospital school buildings function hand refers nature activity road construction public health education major character current operation capital outlay insurance trusts debt service current operation includes direct expenditures compensation officers employees purchase supplies material services capital items capital outlays construction highways public buildings public works improvements permanent nature included expenses purchase real property major items equipment major alterations additions existing structures differences expenditures current operation capital outlay indistinct items arbitrarily classified category automobiles typewriters regarded items current expense road graders electronic computers considered capital outlays insurance trusts include payments retired employees unemployment compensation workmen compensation sickness insurance social insurance programs costs administering trust activities contributions funds included major expenses debt service involve redemption obligations bonds warrants payment interest
taxes motor fuels adopted minimum opposition continue popular taxes situation due large part fact receipts construction maintenance highways gasoline pay taxes close correlation benefits payments advantage gasoline taxes exact contributions rough proportion highways fourth constitutions require gasoline tax receipts highways practice taxes generally open question established regard motor fuels effort allocate receipts cover expenses pertaining highways inevitably meets stiff opposition motor fuels taxes produce large quantities revenue bad times collected easily cheaply conveniently cheapest major taxes collect states collect taxes wholesale distributors pass retailers turn collect consumers problems administration taxes motor fuels adjacent states impose rates temptation smuggle gasoline higher rate mutual agreements states require exporters report deliveries supply information import arrangement proved satisfactory efforts patrol points borders entry administrative problems relate exemptions refunds motor fuel highways commonly subject tax gasoline farm tractors stationary engines airplanes exempt
training programs public employees frequently neglected program personnel administration considered complete attention development employees conceived broadly training occurs regularly result increased familiarity facility duties position usual sense training routine basic steps formal training program identification needs development programs choice techniques execution implementation program checking reactions results spite importance formal training traditionally neglected public large private concerns reliance costly practice learning today varieties programs techniques included service training formal courses institutes demonstrations apprenticeships included especially valuable programs designed improve opportunities promotion development implementation undertakings large require services specially trained persons salaries legislatures unwilling money successful training program requires cooperation concerned efforts training specialists organizations regardless care employees selected remove incumbents positions contrary popular misconception employees frequently discharged levels government uninformed persons assert impossible dismiss tenure fact provide separation situation demands unregulated firing employees civil service merit systems generally permitted procedural requirements designed guarantee persons recruited examined appointed paid promoted careful regard job responsibilities logical principle apply dismissals
effort allocate municipal functions basis primacy local interest doomed failure local interest considered paramount matters terms qualifications local officials procedure enactment ordinances recreational facilities standards street cleaning lighting municipal utility services zoning ordinances interest conceded paramount hand regard municipal debt limits major taxes jurisdiction local courts procedure annexation territory regulation private utilities levels government exercise considerable authority relation education welfare sanitation police power types physical planning arbitrary incomplete division responsibilities describe situation concrete illustrations complexity problem makes decisions concerning allocation responsibilities home rule agencies determination taking form specific constitutional provisions statutes court decisions acquiescence assumption functions local governments favorable climate opinion exits local government courts legislature chances effective implementation home rule excellent hand unfavorable hostile attitudes exist conceivable constitutional provision provide effective government localities attitudes traditions differ similar constitutional provisions produce dissimilar results rarely communities received charters manner general classification statutes cities continue operate charters granted earlier special act legislature optional charter municipality function charter granted special act provided general classification law
american cities grown largely plan fortunately increasing attention future types planning entirely attention primarily physical planning planners eye future increasingly concerned matters street patterns parking facilities water sewer systems mass transportation parks airports schools public buildings sites industrial commercial residential developments list means exhausts areas concern planners difficulty tasks complicated necessity relating projected population growth financial resources physical needs planning zoning hand hand laid plans orderly development community awry legal restrictions imposed indiscriminate property zoning intended implement orderly development community regulating land buildings precisely defined districts restrictions imposed size buildings put proximity structures density population zoned cities divided industrial commercial residential areas subcategories residential areas subdivided family districts family districts multiple family districts controlling number families reside residential building areas developed adoption zoning ordinance nonconforming exist zone multiple family dwellings located section zoned single family residences vice versa spot zoning small segments land set special authorized zone situated neighborhood commercial areas permitted encroach residential zones
large number departments boards commissions offices responsible enforcement regulations pertaining designated aspects business maintains central department collected functions arrangement desirable types businesses wide variety business practices single agency hope competent job authority regulate businesses business practices implemented profusion administrative bodies examples public ownership operation business enterprises practice prevalent popular resistance government competition private enterprise serves effective check proposals governmental business activities states local governments conduct types business enterprises direct competition private firms conditions monopoly discernible trends public ownership local level surge expansion apparent strong demand contraction business ventures numerous states operate monopolies liquor business operation toll roads toll bridges tunnels port facilities common enterprises known organization respect port authority york jersey corporation controls administers docks terminals airports related facilities fifty states north dakota unique terms commercial interests operating bank system mills grain elevators land sales agency casualty bonding insurance business local level municipalities public ownership apparent cities today operate water supply systems power utilities public property municipalities
relationship alcoholic beverages popular concepts morality liquor trade subjected strict regulation basic systems control prohibition government monopoly licensing prohibition outlaws manufacture transportation sale beverages amount alcohol national prohibition effected eighteenth amendment part united states constitution approval twenty amendment returned states freedom decide continue prohibition monopolies exist eighteen states wyoming monopoly limited wholesale level systems control constitutes method regulation dry areas beers wines low alcoholic content sold licensed dealers monopoly states generally license private clubs hotels restaurants sell liquor glass states relying license system monopoly states local option laws permit local governments decide adopt prohibition boundaries regulatory actions include assessment taxes forbidding sales minors imposing closing hours limiting number types liquor outlets interest maintaining high standards performance professions subjected extensive control precise yardstick determine extent profession regulated general criterion degree profession considered related general welfare medicine virtually completely controlled slightly attention paid aspects healing arts law engineering architecture accounting realty teaching regulated considerable detail states exercise appreciable control occupations plumbing contracting funeral direction
typical workers compensation program disabled worker paid percentage weekly salary thirds states period weekly payments ranges weeks remainder continue entire period disability costs borne employers insure risks private insurance firms states require employers insure special insurance fund states special boards commissions administer workers compensation programs subordinate agency department labor performs function workers compensation programs undergone impressive development past half century room improvement occupations covered compensation laws agricultural workers domestics casual laborers commonly excluded employers hire workers exempt occupational diseases commonly states employers elect accept coverage workers compensation law flaw employers decline participation liable damages common law defenses discussed earlier specifically denied unemployment continuing problem industrial society temporary fluctuations economy technological advances replace workers machines seasonal variations consumer preferences moderate amount unemployment considered normal developments force willing workers temporary idleness periods unemployment weeks months hardship privation unemployment compensation programs designed ease burden early programs attempted depression unsuccessful primary reasons failure reluctance states reduce competitive position home industries placing additional taxes deterrent effect added tax burden industrial recovery
banked deal expertise solve problem attempt compromise negotiation wanted hear seek help love wanted begin change son lay definite program follow complete change offer program wanted program exists exist human brain function exist purpose book beginning chapter attempt explain brain explanation clear typically frustrated parents want agent including social scientists thinks programs exist conditioned raised willingly want premise wrong beliefs persist accurate understanding brain works started book cult show leading misconception concerning brain common belief behavior stimulated happens parents firmly believed naive son coerced joining cult expert mind coerce book explain brain works clear living creatures moved inside forces forces affect choose behave consistent
fish need food monitored brain control panel lowering blood sugar cells hypothalamus information transmitted brain perceived hunger causing fish consciously actively seek food brain knowledge awareness hunger food seeking monitor decrease body sugar transmit information stay alive need raise body sugar transmits information brain known occurs brain fish human interpret act information successful food seeking fish human stay alive happened knocked remained unconscious week run water fluid died machinery commonly called support system performing functions food water gathering operation needed alive brain alive indefinitely moral question humanly alive cortex comes mind pertinent point brain existence brain alive began move unlike clam sponge coral simple brain animals live successfully essentially brain food comes mobile ancestors additional mental capacity
important fact brain controls input senses starts mental picture idea perception want part words picture part fulfill needs case young starts idea head based need belong member cult specific idea want cult similar cult wants exact cult looks members words checks present input correspond built head wants case thermostat brain built exact idea senses air input turn furnace output system raise room temperature input room input satisfied turns output furnace young input members cult start trying convert output join concern hard control system terms control effort output needed job controls input tries sense correspond closely idea wants thermostat care hard furnace run output room input desires brain control systems thermostat accurate sensing capability
let look psychology teacher controlling teach class comparing station open reasonable reference level want perceive class learning perceives jim paying absolutely attention high error perception generates error signal choose smart behavior asking boy read aloud knows read teacher controlling teaching specifically comparing reading student read comparing station asks boy read jim responds disturbance teacher experiences large error throws attempt correct error vicious circle starts illustration fact large error signal drives behavior necessarily drive direction ineffective behavior caused effective teaching small greek tragedy ensued jim expelled teacher say didn want learn assault expulsion perception floods teacher comparing station classroom management station teachers open usual behavior rationalize attempt avoid perceiving part unhappy result let look student standpoint jim idea learn school terms controlling tiny bit learning comparing stations related learning shut shutdown teacher
upset tend forget vast array term behaviors feel call case young won golf tournament happy behavior wins major event happy behaviors miserable behaviors playing tennis socializing eating loving working painting reading writing mention unlike painful behaviors choose suffer large perceptual error want feels part able control successfully help reduce error substitute socializing depressing easy error starts behaviors small easy control exception euphoric sexual intercourse reduce large error tiny part joy behaviors error reduction pleasure satisfying built enjoy enjoy working book frustrating write activity guess gradually closing large error don feel closure feeling believe writing behavior maybe pleasurable behavior closed substantial error activity naturally experience pure euphoria steady diet expect
times dangerous reorganize important understand continuing bits pieces reorganization redirection system continually accepts slow walk point reorganization quit redirection present cope error capacity tragically illustrated stroke brain damage systems damaged victim temporarily learn reorganization system basic survival system brain left begin function eventually cope damage coming functions remaining brain replace damage reorganization stroke victim learn speak therapy needed victim controlling speaking give error reorganization guarantee reorganization produce ideas worthless crazy apparent brain damaged senile reorganization slot machine fed coin coin person desperate win hit jackpot desperate redirection system pay exhaust put mental money machine results worse slot machine bias gambling machines biased favor money put pocket reorganization system unbiased slot machine negative positive jackpot
continued control winning war reduce error want continue president control system pain unbearable hope stop controlling winning war eighth order raise order perception control important case believe ninth order perception office president poor showing hampshire primary aided attempt perceive presidency important lyndon johnson president important winning war eighth order perceptions ninth order solution seek office produced quick welcome reduction error resolving conflict presidency conceptual system perceived greater issues live stepping supportive ninth order ideal argue decision cowardly serving johnson sure perceive tries illustrate eighth order difficult unclear highly personal perceptual control conceptual system liberal re conservative eighth order principles conflict try raise order close control systems powerful remaining president winning war choose roman catholics ninth order perception resolves conflicts lives conflict find ninth order solution suffer indefinitely
knowledge existence help understanding difficulty learning experience remember situation experience unhappy frustrating losing job failing school getting unexpected divorce pleasant need fulfilling experiences problem learn spend money easily windfall talk learning experience failing student buckle study reason studying fulfill needs experience failure study motivated students say learn experience saying learn experience think real don understand mistake mistake trying teach real trying reach need fulfilling experience motivate review examples chapter apparent manager teacher knew existence able handle situation start mind learn experience fact learn live learns similar personal worlds explained chapter higher order head fulfills needs reason object strenuously overcharged restaurant eighth order don care substitute carrots peas order higher order perception important
chapter potential conflict basic needs chapter explained conflict tends surface eighth order perception attempt find principle allow satisfy opposing needs gave close friends sinking boat preserver buoyant float comfortably watch friend drown principle person find resolve conflict fortunately experience situation frequently experience conflict fact stronger adequate control systems harder struggle fulfill needs intensely experience conflict arises typically conflict freedom want belief responsibilities failing marriage tiny upsets eat home dinner major conflicts risking disruption marriage mom dad threaten give trying live don open home miserable situations escape large perceptual error fact error caused conflict deal princess envy needs conflict solves problem going sleep bad reduce conflict open strong control systems
able psychotic undergo term continuous reorganization live directed system large error genetic predisposition need genetic propensity major transmitter systems pathologically involved disruptive reorganization possibly person psychotic redirection believe likely person psychotic reorganization don think exactly recurrent dream similar living dream think dreams window catch glimpses reorganization system important realize rare cases high error control systems involved error patients perfectly normal safe hospital crazy visited family member love hate relationship family source conflict family error psychiatrists believe craziness comes chemical imbalance normal person crazy influence drug lsd unusual instances case think rare person psychotic makes symptomatic choices severe perceptual error caused conflict chicken egg conflict comes part psychotic wrapped thoughts false perceptions desire deal
physiologically process precedent primitive ago relentlessly pursuing mastodon trying tribe kill pursuit reasonable continue effort rest hunt raise series reference levels brain driving body physical limits redirecting reorganizing briefly desperate struggle dispatch huge beast sense type person resetting achievement reference levels higher higher hunting mastodon captain ahab pursuit moby dick rest relentlessly pursues success suffers chronic perceptual error intangible head kill escape give chase brain redirection attempts unsuccessful sets reference levels conflict capacity reach rejects angry redirection symptoms actively pursues goals feel bad pursuit depending close elusive success unknown continual error chronic struggle reflected brain win struggle raises physiologic reference levels cope physical demands chronic error primitive involved perpetual hunt brain designed monitor error brain respond raising lowering reference levels provide physiology needed reduce error understanding
cancer similar infection agent cells reason genetic makeup acts interest interest body genetic change caused sort noxious chemical radiation unusual bacteria virus capacity alter genetic structure cells genetic predisposition hormonal imbalance cells turn cancerous influence agent foreign substance causing error cell cells active cooperating part system cell genes rest cells body obeying genetic codes outsider similar actually foreign body cell driven genetic code multiplies feeds resources body happens cells involved immune system senses altered cells foreign bodies attempts destroy ordinarily feel illness cell body error foreign invader immune system attack actively feel sickness immune system thought active cases destroy cancer cells knowing researchers believe ill kind cancer immune systems unable immobilize destroy foreign cells
engage meditative activity reach meditative mind runners run competition purposes run gain sense worth run demanding body reduce error point experience reorganization system talk runners running talking desperate symptomatic competitive runners relaxed positively addicted runners meditation dominate takes short part try achieve low error runners activity frantically redirecting meditation gentle easy low error desperate frenetic meditation occur forms feedback popular form meditation attempt concentrate consciously controlling physiology ordinarily controlled brain concentrate lowering high blood pressure thinking low figure hard feedback machine ongoing readout actual blood pressure try concentrate hard lower blood pressure brain set abnormal reference levels brain feedback theory hold concentrating brain transmits information brain lowers pressure implies direct informational process brain brain reasonable specific brain constructed process conscious commands blood pressure goes believe happens concentrating blood pressure exclusion begun meditate
open front cover book glance chart apparent places behavioral system perceptual system therapy effect behavioral system commonly attempt help person headaches painful behavior conflict resolving behavior hard find mind working perceptual system help client perceive external lower order woman marital problems joint therapy husband taught say serves soup cold taste soup warmer wonder put fire moment comment perceived wife seventh order engage program warm soup unlikely low order perception headache hand usual serve cold soup question eighth order bordering ninth start headache finished error causing remark obviously therapy wish apply psychology continually try help husband wife perceive lowest order order dealing say high orders error producing opposite wife soup delicious bit cool fact consistently soups warmer perfect raise order confirm cook lower headache risk wife
step don accept excuses client offers excuses turn excuses client saying don behaviors accept inadequate person excuses suffer perceptual errors inadequacies suffer upset won function therapy definite workable plan therapist tough excuses let person suffer error plan working therapist help steps negotiate plan rework previous plan commitment trying important therapist dogged therapist transmit client idea faith behavioral system going accept excuses going think functioning behavioral system don think don say confidence person re saying confidence control system especially able change behavior step don punish terms means don criticize don increase error client put voluntarily help help probation officer unwilling probationer error cope need help suffer reasonable consequences failure follow rules unruly class school probationers don follow rules
definition statistics readers primarily interested applications business economics high incidence decisions uncertainty managerial decisions involving numerical data uncertainty required daily matters range ordering raw material products demand uncertain hiring personnel performance predicted statistics answer range planning questions locate facilities handle future sales uncertain levels statistics helpful formulating strategic policies affect firm survival product development pricing financing economists choose alternative policies outcomes determined partly chance order rescue economy unemployment inflation sustain economic growth called government business foundations unions forecast future economic conditions decide types data choose dazzling array techniques economists rely statistical techniques building verifying implementing economic models social sciences especially psychology sociology heavy statistics physical sciences geneticists highly dependent statistics book emphasizes business economic applications statistics books oriented scientific fields statistical elements identical differences primarily examples chosen techniques emphasized emphasis decision making aspects statistics recent early study statistics largely consisted methodology summarizing describing numerical data area study known descriptive statistics concerned largely summary calculations graphical displays
senses arithmetic mean median averages mean arithmetic average median average position term average speak arithmetic mean mean algebraically manipulated combined mean populations calculated individual means due convenient mathematical properties statistical techniques employing mean developed median suited mathematical operations median combined population obtained separate component population medians fewer statistical techniques employ median due mathematical difficulties hand mean influenced extreme values greater degree median consider net worth levels close friends suppose meet include circle friends addition person distort mean level wealth greatly average friends multimillionaires meaningful summary median significantly influenced median democratic giving elementary unit vote establishing central location generally median measure central tendency mean extremely large small observations measure describe central tendency mode frequently occurring consider simple illustration provided collection observations mode occurs interpretation statistical mode analogous fashion mode person dressing current style mode
book concerned collect samples meaningful conclusions drawn entire population figure shows major stages sampling study stage planning requires careful attention sampling results achieve impact stage data collection plans major goal ensure observations free bias phase data analysis conclusions area major portion book devoted planning important step statistical study inadequate planning lead needless expense actual data collection begins poor planning result eventual entire study outcome study prove strongly counterproductive extreme cases poor planning chapter planning begins identification population achieve study goals selection observation procedure require questionnaire designed observation measuring instrument broad category includes mechanical devices record physical data dimensions weight tests intelligence aptitude personality knowledge sources data family income obtained tax records employers directly questioning family member survey techniques written reply telephone response personal interview equal importance planning choice sample type alternative kinds samples range scientific random sample major public opinion polls convenience sample campus straw votes practically attention paid representative sample
begin discussion continuous probability distributions considering uncertain situation involving selection sample population frequency distribution obtained grouping company service employees wheeling wire works figure height bar represents relative frequency duration employment interval covered bar random variable interest denoted length service person chosen randomly population employee worked company measured continuous scale expressed desired fraction makes continuous random variable probability lies class interval relative frequency persons employed duration recall bars relative frequency distribution areas proportional relative frequency values interval relative frequencies sum consider total area equal class interval unit wide probability lies inside class interval equal area bar covering interval probability employee served area bar rectangle covers values width height want consider event specific wish find probability selected person employed range values lying totally single class interval
normal distribution important distribution statistical applications observed frequency distributions physical measurements natural phenomena closely resemble normal distribution include distributions physical measurement height weight human characteristics iq frequency distributions populations closely resemble normal curve figure fundamental reason normal distribution important statistics theoretical property sample mean normal distribution find probabilities sample results normal curve plays basic role inferences regarding population mean sample mean calculated directly features normal curve figure interesting note curve shaped bell single peak making symmetrical center mean distributed population lies center frequency curve due symmetry median mode distribution occur curve center mean median mode normal curve impractical show graph tails normal curve extend indefinitely directions touching horizontal axis say population frequency distribution approximating shape normal curve distributed random variable elementary unit chosen random distributed population say distributed normal curve represents probability density function
parameter estimation requires deal planning choose estimator major concern control sampling error choice sampling method judgment convenience sampling version random sampling affect discussion center random samples free sampling bias small samples tend reliable sampling error controlled sufficiently large sample practical consideration balance level reliability influenced sampling error costs obtaining sample due chance sample statistic obtain close population parameter census population determine true parameter statisticians able assess reliability results theoretically determine values reasonable presently concerned estimates based samples existing populations identifiable target populations excludes predictions based kinds information notable economic forecasts based series data sampling involved forecasting gross national product major role played factors judgment current trends contemplated governmental policies international affairs procedures making predictions discussed chapter category excluded predictions concerns parameters future population median annual family income united states estimated usual sample elementary units presently defined values lie future alternative statistics estimators
regression analysis equation estimating variable variable correlation analysis measure degree variables related show closely variables move correlation analysis auxiliary tool regression analysis regression line explains variation values dependent variable correlation regression question strongly variables related application isolating statistically related characteristics population explain differences pharmacologist wish identify chemicals formulated drug alleviate symptoms disease anemia pain poor appetite high positive correlation dosage specific chemical appetite measured quantity food consumed chemical candidate inclusion final drug central focus correlation analysis find suitable index strongly related initially convenient treat correlation adjunct regression analysis index explained relation regression line later section parallel explanation require prior knowledge estimated regression line section saw degree related explained terms magnitude data scatter regression line extreme case occurs scatter regression line slope parallel axis shown figure levels relationship
care past data determine future relationship regression analysis forecasting series discuss chapter independent variable dependent variable forecast source data history span encompassed observed values danger underlying populations change character regression equation assumes variance constant reason believe values volatile critical assumption regression analysis violated addition difficulties variance observations statistically dependent violating assumption regression theory net effect violations interpretations inferences invalid relationships apt change special care past data predict future dependent variable hazards pronounced forecasting series similar difficulties arise data collected period case attempting express cost production run means regression line relating quantity produced result analysis identification fixed variable cost components intercept estimated fixed cost production run slope regression line estimate variable costs unit production runs infrequent obtaining sufficient data points predictions precise require historical experience
successful business organization plan future dazzling array statistical tools facilitate task chapter focus statistical methodology transform past experience forecasts future events government economist forecast annual personal income future projecting trend levels personal income previous information predict future tax revenue electric company decide demand power grow rate similar prevailed previous decade order project generating capacity requirements ten twenty future department store buyer past experience decide purchases quantities case values variable predicted past periods data called series statistical procedures values called series analysis series terms graph shown figure gross national product gnp united states plotted period graph shows gnp grown growth erratic faster wide swings evident gnp declining depression rising rapidly advent war ii goal series analysis identify swings fluctuations series sort categories arithmetic manipulation numerical values obtained models characterize series
procedures normal student distributions important statistical applications represented distributions chapter expand basic repertoire considerably investigating chi square distribution begin applying chi square distribution sample data test variables independent seen applications probability statistical independence sample observations permits streamline procedures markedly important variables independent alternative methods treatments evaluated population variables qualitative characteristics marital status political affiliation sex health type treatment kind response presence absence independence variables draw important conclusions doctor knows preventive measures vaccinated resistance diseased diseased dependent conclude vaccine effective marketing researcher learns highest education level elementary high school college brand preference candidates dependent information help choose advertising media severity automobile accidents property damage injury fatalities found dependent accidents occur city streets rural roads highways public safety director decide revise traffic law enforcement procedures chapter examine area statistical inference comparing population proportions application closely related testing independence learned compare populations chapter populations tested follow procedure makes chi square distribution applications chi square distribution common business decision making exist inferences regarding population variance discussed optional topic later chapter
analysis variance sample data compare treatments determine achieve results word treatment broad sense includes medical therapy factors researcher investigate consider concentrations fertilizer treatments crops similarly reading program elementary education treatment developing child sample data obtained applying respective treatments samples sample data analyzed determine treatments differ illustration consider data table obtained fertilizer treatments evaluated lawn sod farmer total dosages quantities applied fertilizing frequencies varied sample observations represent number square yards marketable sod obtained random plots square yards seeded variety grass mix case random sample plots subjected treatments analysis variance procedure determine fertilization affects sod yield involves variables note similarities situation regression analysis method fertilizing qualitative variable referred factor treatment factor level factor analogous independent variable regression analysis sod yield response variable quantitative response achieved depend treatment variable plays role similar dependent variable regression analysis analysis variance primarily involves qualitative factors quantitative factors cases factors fixed key levels constitute quantitative categories continuous
examples covered combinations factors sod fertilization experiment investigated levels fertilizer factor levels parcel blocking factor level factors represented sample data experiments called complete designs fraction combinations studied complete study prohibitively expensive soil parcels absorb heavy applications fertilizer experiments fractional design times omit combinations factors incorporate levels experiment called incomplete design experiment category conducted latin square design procedure analyzing factors describe later section illustrations set levels advance factors investigation instance fertilizer treatments established data collected study involved fixed effects experiment contrast random effects experiment factor levels established advance subject chance levels constitute sample larger population suppose medical society studying doctors incomes based factors specialty region educated data compiled medical school region school selected sample levels education factor samples detailed discussion random effects experiments scope book section saw analysis variance extended answer important questions learned compare pairs treatments
act gamble buying insurance gamble identical outcomes terms dollar expenditure amount applies fire buying insurance gamble cash outlays fire fire utilities respective acts expected utilities gambles table expected utilities buying insurance buying insurance buying insurance higher utility preferred decision maker stated differently act buy insurance maximum utility payoff decision rule act optimal choice utilities payoff values decision rule proper result permit conclude utilities payoffs criterion lead decision buy insurance choice depends relationship chance fire price insurance policy suppose price spiro policy raised utility dollar payoffs buying insurance expected utility buying insurance probability fire remains act don buy insurance utility greater making don buy insurance preferred act opposite outcome earlier decision insurance expensive attractive faced circumstances buy insurance premium raised tastes reflected utility values assign outcome
inherent difficulties historical frequencies probabilities limited extent history data provide crude frequency estimate number similar past circumstances large statistical estimates event frequencies unreliable past history suitable setting fire insurance rates past frequencies wholly adequate unavailable determine probability distributions variables encountered business demand product difficulty conditions change recent experience automobile casualty insurance firms serves changing conditions historical frequencies unsuitable obtaining probabilities car consistently complained losing money collision comprehensive coverage found past experience proved poor predictor future levels damage claims due sampling error virtually nonexistent data obtained constitute census changing circumstances cars sturdy minor impacts dented older car seriously damage repair costs rising pronounced inflationary spiral cars sharing roads increasing rate driving habits changed affecting accident rate automobile thefts increasing result social pressures historical frequencies estimate probabilities future automobile insurance claims compared tossing die side shaved toss side shaved circumstances obtain reasonable probability distribution respective sides historical frequencies
chapter considered general problem experimental information decision making consider decision commonly encountered business situations involves acts experiment taking random sample population characteristics affect ultimate payoffs decision maker choice depends sample result obtained types populations encountered sampling experiments qualitative population comprised units classified categories examples persons categorized occupation blue collar professional sex male female preferences preferring product disliking product production items classified terms quality satisfactory unsatisfactory weight limit limit color light medium dark quantitative population associates numerical unit measured terms income levels aptitude test scores experience items assigned numerical values weight volume quantity ingredient sample qualitative population tells sample units fall category number reflects prevalence attribute population turn affects payoff incidence attribute deciding dispose supplier shipment receiving inspector discover items random sample defective indicating high probability entire shipment bad returning maximize expected payoff payoffs problem expressed terms proportion population key attribute proportion defective items entire shipment
americans migrants eastern siberia asia physically belonged human stock modern chinese japanese relationship suggested straight black hair broad faces high cheekbones modern american indians hunting fishing gathering depending roots berries fruits game food decreasing rainfall dried food sources siberia native peoples gradually driven eastward scientists speculate today asia separated north america bering strait migrants found land bridge joining siberia alaska crossing bridge north america found climate milder homeland land plentiful fruit game europeans arrived thousands later indian descendants immigrants numbered millions million population europe scattered western continents alaska southern tip south america ocean ocean population grew generations descendants asian immigrants diversified groups distinct languages cultures political economic systems beliefs begun practice agriculture maize corn developed native plant major crop food surpluses agriculture transformed indian societies raised community crops roles priests warriors artisans chiefs major agricultural regions americas civilizations arose impressive artistic technical achievements political complexity comparable contemporary europe asia
summer colonists planted grain needed food orange trees cotton exotic melons endlessly despite efforts john smith head governing council cooperate winter worse january company ship arrived england bringing settlers reinforce surviving soon fire destroyed houses storehouses colonists virtually food repair damage threw frantic search gold fortunately smith able settlers alive stopped gold hunt put building planting producing pitch tar wood ashes tide settlers harvest negotiated powhatan local indian chief food game corn fish supplies gave cut death toll fewer dozen winter smith successor president council able maintain relations indians powhatan warriors attacked settlers colony outskirts drove jamestown proper overcrowding bad sanitation killed winter jamestown starving food scarce colonists resorted cannibalism spring contingent settlers arrived supply situation critical point colony leaders decided abandon settlement altogether turning point sir thomas dale strong leadership restored colonist john rolfe learned native tobacco palatable europeans colonists discovered true vocation tobacco growing
scotch irish group poured north american colonies eighteenth century presbyterians moved scottish lowlands province ulster northern ireland early seventeenth century settle lands dispossessed irish catholics prospered homes raising cattle weaving wool linen cloth british government imposed duties imports ulster severely damaging scotch irish economy masses ulster presbyterians flocking america tried england fellow calvinists puritans likely provide haven englanders saw newcomers irish calvinists unwelcome scotch irish turned south flooding pennsylvania backcountry west older settled regions moved western virginia valley shenandoah frontier counties carolinas northern georgia pennsylvania bluntly rejected england disturbed provincial government feared pay land recognize rights indians days william penn pennsylvania authorities maintained relations colony indian tribes feared scotch irish offend indians set major war fears unfounded newcomers frontiersmen legend tall red haired quick anger hospitable fiercely independent hot blooded neighbors constantly embroiled disputes quarrels indians
americans considered prospects days lexington concord found hard perceive lay ahead ties memory habit interest affection fears unknown acted complete break england wanted independence ardent patriots common hope britain light abandon punitive policies expressed intolerable acts reconsider fundamental relations america hope reflected olive branch petition continental congress adopted july written john dickinson petition declared colonists remained loyal king george asked intervene protect american subjects parliament tyranny loyalists needless say willing break past loyalist patriot virtually americans spring recoiled thought independence ultimate goals americans recognized resistance mighty british empire chancy policy clearly strengths weaknesses sides populous land britain strongest nation earth twelve earlier defeated france archrival europe dominant north america india south africa parts face british enormous advantage americans numbers military experience political unity english labored difficulties british military naval capacity formidable end french indian war deteriorated
sally reached teens sarah began thinking seriously education washington appeal place certainly declining point society complained population part troublesome contentious characters evidently growing worse savannah inspire confidence despite genteel planter society visit april convinced sarah look ladies savannah loss kill suppose expect amusement awkward embarrassment crackers overload draw parties justly think excite astonishment luxury extravagance carried greater excess expected arrived america girls families afford luxury education education proper young lady attend academy south institutions sarah decided sally england find school choice place board granddaughter warned brother hadley place common boarding school character house temper mistress company resorting objects importance promised felix part sally sarah closed house washington moved england chose school haven society met exacting standards sally watched closely family
meeting independence hall assembly giants leading rest prestige george washington benjamin franklin james madison robert morris james wilson john dickinson alexander hamilton famous immensely able present george mason george edmund randolph virginia john rutledge charles pinckney south carolina william paterson jersey roger sherman oliver ellsworth connecticut rufus king massachusetts rest fifty delegates lesser contributions convention enjoyed high standings states played important roles national events seldom group momentous task civilized governments invariably products gradual evolution tradition experience historical accident idea written frame government structure fundamental law put precise words american invention practice began saw chapter making constitutions finest expression federal constitution founding fathers course draw traditions colonies britain english experience embedded legal governmental institution united states relied understanding ancient especially rome views political legal thinkers end guided primarily practical experience government number philadelphia owned substantial amounts unpaid continental debt certificates rich wealth largely form land important bond delegates status creditors nationalism earlier noted
battle orleans cost british lives place transatlantic communications swifter december british american negotiators concluded peace ghent belgium peace treaty ambiguous tentative document signed jackson stunning victory brought united states gains impressment neutral rights indian issues undermined british american relations left canadian american boundaries goals goaded americans action realized treaty treaty satisfy british war begun defensive early military successes led englishmen hope territorial concessions americans indian buffer united states canada war weariness fear fighting shortly resume europe led british abandon goals ghent accomplished treaty restoration peace provided commission settle disputed boundary canada northeast mentioned future settlement differences navigation lakes newfoundland fisheries implement agreement ghent britain united states signed rush agreement nations accepted total disarmament canadian american border applied lakes eventually produced longest unarmed frontier fact remains document ending war significant victory orleans
jacob johanna began twenty twenty farming areas norwegian town southeast oslo families grown hay potatoes sold surpluses seaport towns norway west coast logging important source income community jacob left norway brought ability inclination continue interests farming logging earliest record farmers mentioned surviving records christian born married norwegians tended form names adding suffix son father christian oldest son jacob married ingeborg fourth child began line live farms family estate norway divided jacob died ingeborg married jacobson child jacob story jacob young wife johanna smith generation descendant wright sawmill operator england settled norway seventeenth century brought saw cut vertically horizontally main type woodcutting tool johanna recent ancestors blacksmith jacob born son family hope inherit family farm achieve financial security
march moving washington andrew jackson inaugurated seventh president united states weeks city oldest inhabitants packing possessions preparing leave homes margaret bayard smith elegant hostess presided washington society twenty change tragedy city gloomy wrote drawing rooms mixed gay crowds distinguished rank fashion beauty talent empty silent dank dismantled tis melancholy fleeing raw capital potomac moving temporarily city filled visitors hotels overflowed washington endured flood course usual frock coated dignitaries bureaucrats rough looking leather shirts coonskin caps equally unfamiliar types irish voices strolled capital streets crowd playful humored fiercely determined face according mrs smith bore defiance brow saw wrote senator massachusetts daniel webster think country rescued dreadful danger determined mood visitors understandable fourteen victory orleans andy jackson admirers worked hard hero president general charismatic political leader washington personal qualities bluntness courtliness charm combined stature military leader chief political assets
turner interpretation west left indelible marks americans perceptions past rugged individualist hero sheriff rancher wits colt defend central figure national mythology democratic makes distinction ranch hands ranch owners contrast dude boston philadelphia learn hard west clothes manners mythic posse vigilante group demonstrate importance spontaneous democratic social action valid western myth truth complex western individualism unqualified community cooperation social control existed frontier westerners joined social activities mutual aid efforts barn raising fence building cooperative harvesting quilting bees medical help unavailable assisting childbirth politics westerners americans rejected unqualified laissez faire seldom hesitated pass laws control economic social practices neighbors regulation suited purposes turner exaggerated extent movement westward involved individuals isolated families englanders settled groups times entire eastern communities pulled stakes west migration saints mormons upstate york ohio missouri illinois finally desert salt lake striking instance group migration mormon zion scarcely conformed stereotype communities dominated rugged
empty bedrooms fairfield filled quickly sarah bore children louisa sarah gilbert harriet virginia mary clifford william felix help coping growing brood sarah relied cynthia peters servant childhood playmate cynthia born slave yard fairfield live husband family raised alexander children forgot love devotion small lithe sarah fired religious zeal mammy ruled children full authority took doctrine original sin literally escaped notice plea penitence stay discipline children held awe believing possessed occult power mammy omnipresent harriet later wrote felt omniscient plantation rhythm seasons cotton fairfield cash crop washington lay known cotton belt commodities produced spring planting cotton fields gardens orchards tend summer fruit dried peeled pickled preserved ensure supply winter sarah supervised milking churning kitchen chores routine household pantry inventory measured provisions avoid waste theft snap winter signaled annual hog kill southerners ate pork easier preserve beef chicken
myth south utterly distinct climate geography deep south warmer rest nation difference economically short fiber cotton sugarcane need growing season hundred days frost free period found region south carolina florida west gulf mexico texas deep south warm wheat chief grain crop corn poor pasturage corn eating hog grass eating cow basis animal husbandry climate helped distinguish part south north climatic distinction exaggerated difference climate kentucky virginia say ohio pennsylvania states parts south south topography unique appalachian plateau atlantic coastal plain mississippi valley geographical features shared sections setting short primarily natural environment defined south myth south single agricultural unit think dixie period imagine gigantic cotton field cotton region crops valuable corn grew fattened region farm animals form hominy roasting ears fed southern corn crop valued million cotton crop million
clearly redeemers effective organizers commitment northerners radical rule south weakening redeemers succeeded decline northerners determination sources increasingly large number republicans began defense black merely excuse continued domination corrupt wing party scandal uncovered grant administration blotted appeal republican unity rebels process referred waving bloody shirt problem deal blacks oppressors justify continued republican ascendancy middle supported republican party concluded abandoning blacks friends south continuing uphold corrupt party fatigue racism played parts northerners asked country invest energy money sustain system elements southern society opposed clearly blacks citizens point continuing hopeless battle arguments reinforced growing conviction northern commercial industrial groups peace south business political agitation constantly disturbed nation end presidential election democrats nominated samuel tilden york stiff honest corporation lawyer
month appomattox reid correspondent republican cincinnati gazette south war strongly reid inclined belittle claims southern devastation distress struck destruction hanover junction richmond reid reported presented standing chimneys debris destroyed buildings rail road pile smoky brick mortar regularly recognized sign depot platform water tank left wrote efforts road running order improvements visible miles young pines covered fields wheat corn crumbling remains defense works seen gave similar descriptions northern southern armies fought manmade object bore scars interior south carolina hard hit general sherman army looked miles broad black streak ruin desolation shenandoah valley virginia winchester scarcely horse pig chicken cow remained alive southern cities devastated columbia south carolina blackened wasteland store standing business district atlanta richmond selma southern towns devastated human losses severe south white male population million quarter million percent died battle wounds disease young represented region vigorous creative resource survived maimed worn emotionally
careful cost analysis ruthless cost cutting hallmarks andrew carnegie entrepreneurship carnegie essential arriving united states family young scottish lad worked pittsburgh textile factory replacing broken threads spinning spools week stint telegraph operator carnegie assistant thomas scott vice president pennsylvania railroad scott creative railway executives railroads thousands employees millions dollars capital financing rate setting problems enormous territorial extent truly modern business organizations scott carnegie learned deal large scale enterprise squeeze pennies inventor edison carnegie worked existing technology existing processes show profit moved railroading bridge building iron steel making abram hewitt ward begun steel bessemer open hearth processes carnegie willing spend money promising investments seized steel making methods adopting pittsburgh based edgar thomson works content stay put improvements utilized disregarding costs older usable equipment ran furnaces converters full blast regardless replacement costs let orders tumbled hard times cut expenses ruthlessly labor costs processes
depression panic encouraged labor violence gave socialism renewed impetus unemployment soared thousands idle workers tramped streets rode rails looking employers sought maintain profits avoid losses cutting wages capitalist depressions depression undermined confidence system aroused dissent creating charismatic leader pullman strike important turning point history american socialism pullman inventor sleeping car established giant plant chicago surrounded model community employees tree lined streets cream colored brick houses gardens parks town pullman physically attractive place repressive place pullman insisted making town moral obedient profitable forbade liquor spied employees fired workers running candidates favored local office charged high rents utility rates pullman considered benevolent acted feudal lord manor summer orders pullman palace cars began fall pullman began fire workers cut wages refusing reduce rents utility rates defend pullman workers began join newly organized american railway union aru led tall lanky eugene debs unsuccessful attempts negotiate pullman officials thousand employees walked job asked aru support debs tried persuade pullman management talk efforts failed reluctantly ordered aru switchmen refuse attach pullman cars trains railroad officials responded dismissing defiant switchmen
plains cattle industry began texas grassland civil war mexican ranchers herded immense numbers wild rangy animals americans entered south texas area brought breeds cattle mingled spanish mexican variety produce famed texas longhorn wiry resourceful creature survive winter open grasslands digging snow dried grass beneath civil war cut texas cattle industry major markets eastern leather manufacturers orleans beef buyers cattle ran wild texas grasslands estimated million head southern prairies rest country starved beef union army needs depleted local herds texas cattle selling head eastern cities worth returning veterans saw opportunity soon appomattox began consider ways getting texas cattle eastern consumers transcontinental railroads begun penetrate plains missouri pacific reached sedalia missouri hundred miles form san antonio ship cattle east cattle driven hoof texas railhead point group texas ranchers joined iowa kansas businessmen saw opportunity march launched drives setting sedalia bands cowboys move animals chuck wagons carry food equipment trail boss supervise operation
stevens family faced problems arizona politics events taking shape south mexican border change stevens family future arizona marked beginning substantial northward migration sonora united states eventually migratory tide rise mexicans moved border states mexicans mines pick crops create ethnic problem stevens associates foreseen fully twenty northward migration began number mexican families moved north jobs safety problem apache nation stevens contemporaries seen end apache war roots conflict traced standing feud apache mexican authorities mexican military hunted apache mercy apache retaliated declaring open war mexican geronimo massacred stevens shepherds mexicans responding traditional apache animus apache viewed american acquisition southwest hope misguided zealots american side turned hope war american apache war diminished hostilities south border mid incident tiny sonoran town san juan san juan score tiny sonoran farming communities marked extreme poverty constant vigilance george stevens reached fort whipple villagers stepped vigilance raids apache raids tiny settlements sides border mexican american armies capable preventing
democratic party served arena contending forces fought differences side party northeast midwest believed civilization rode gold standard side westerners southerners equally convinced humanity survive prosper silver restored currency system republicans silver gold wings representing western eastern attitudes party proponents silver stronger democrats addition financial views democratic party differed fundamental matters free silver democrats indistinguishable populists agrarian values support direct democracy taxes equalize wealth government regulation large corporations democrats resembled conservative republicans political social views republicans nominated william mckinley ohio platform pledged high tariff gold standard promising consider silver acceptable international agreement aggressive foreign policy gold standard plank bitter disappointment republican senator henry teller colorado western friends angrily walked convention democratic convention chicago majority senator richard silver dick bland missouri front runner delegates arrived young congressman nebraska william jennings bryan spent months rounding support silver writing letters speaking silver audiences democratic groups cultivating farmers alliances rising speaker convention voted endorse gold standard free silver platform launched influential address american political history
pacific mail gould union pacific railroad transcontinental railroad marred credit mobilier scandal mismanagement road burdened financial difficulties gould acquired control contrary expectations restored finances soundness despite depression hit country installed president sidney dillon dignified railroad manager important gould ally jay acquired kansas pacific bankrupt road paralleled union pacific sold union pacific huge profit east mississippi took wabash railroad regions pursued aggressive expansion policy unsettled existing arrangements major railroads disturbance rate wars effect permanently lower railroad rates sides mississippi gould critics bothered give credit accomplishment stand jay eventually dumped union pacific captured missouri pacific line parent road rail empire southwest major properties formed core personal fortune western union manhattan elevated york city rapid transit system railroads logical step telegraph western union dominated industry belonged commodore vanderbilt death son william jay formed company compete western union
despite successes reform minded observers considered roosevelt legislative performance disappointing timid executive capacity proved bolder startled nation ordering attorney general knox file suit northern securities holding company violating sherman antitrust act spirit northern securities company combination put morgan james hill harriman rockefellers joining giant firm railroads northwestern corner nation business trust promised restrain trade impose millions twelve sherman antitrust act finally intended purpose soon afterward knox indicted swift company chicago meat packers conspiring competitors fix prices liberal press growing contingent reform minded citizens hailed antitrust suits delight morgan dismayed president act arbitrary king wall street mere private citizen subject ordinary law told president wrong send fix roosevelt swayed suit proceeded successful conclusion supreme court ordered dissolution northern securities company northern securities case swift suit later suits standard oil american tobacco company gave tr reputation uncompromising foe big business
britain germany france recognized huerta wilson took office americans including businesspeople investments mexico advised wilson follow suit refused united states nations traditionally recognized established governments matter gained power internal policies wilson eyes huerta butcher represent eighty percent mexican struggling liberty according diplomatic recognition huerta government wilson proclaimed policy revolutionary regimes latin america united states recognize government supported turn orderly processes based law arbitrary irregular force wilson intention intervening mexico quietly sought isolate mexican tyrant pressuring british withdrawing recognition stationed american naval vessels mexico major ports stop arms shipments huerta allowing arms enemies eventually hoped huerta pushed champion liberal rule carranza associate raised banner revolt northern mexico wilson policies led trouble april crewmen american naval vessel arrested officer ashore tampico soon released american naval commander admiral henry mayo demanded mexican officer punished commander port give american flag twenty gun salute sign respect
tramp miner workweek rule mining butte vaudeville gambling girls gambling part boardinghouse development famed boardinghouse reach ability grab cuts meat table butte offered professional gambling interested seek games girls tramp miners knew girls found hotel tramping occupation endeared respectable society nice girls feminist movement recently succeeded winning vote miles removed section society frequented ten tramps impressed brothers butte vaudeville dying entertainment promised live stage show fifty cents movie thrown free tried attend week jimmy lee summer began arizona ended idaho period harvested wheat north dakota moved south help harvest aberdeen south dakota hopped freight idaho falls potato harvest lee days lost pound havre montana harvest remember washing clothes yellowstone river miles city montana stumbling bridge missoula morning hundred mile trip plains mountains twelve exhausting hours fact trip missoula bridge times
conservative challenge deal half story roosevelt attack extreme left socialists communists supporters depression gave especially communists lease americans continued believe fundamental soundness private property market economy hundreds artists intellectuals journalists students won view capitalism doomed hope lay government takeover means production vivid contrast reeling capitalist united states growing apparently prosperous soviet union undeniable proof communism dictatorship proletariat hope future encouraged capitalism apparent plight left mounted direct attack deal socialist party leader norman thomas friendly roosevelt fellow socialists denouncing deal greatest fraud utopias earl leader american communist party echoed moscow current attitude western democracies happened called deal program hunger imperialist war soviet union began feel threatened increasing militancy germany sought support democratic countries american communists considerably softened criticism socialist communist left annoyance real political challenge roosevelt collection dissenting tradition west south
comparison government treated enemy nationals generously italians germans citizens left leaders pro nazi german american handful native born fascists indicted smith act imposed tighter controls aliens crime person group teach overthrow government violent means extreme characterized war surface abounded earlier war sentiment declined sharply communist party denounced roosevelt early hailed hero soviet union attacked hitler american communists threw war effort fervor impressed patriotic enthusiasm communists deeply moved heroic struggle russian hitler americans avoided excesses course war turn country democratic paradise hostility japanese antagonism surfaced mexican americans june young mexican americans attacked sailors los chicano youths wearing suits flashy outfits broad shouldered jackets tightly pegged trousers broad brimmed flat hats sailors retaliated beating find magazine ugliest brand mob action california riots hundreds injured violence ended
theory politically sound late backlash powerful negative reaction decade social political liberalism emerging angry backlash voters generally middle aged white felt traditional institutions values destroyed belonged white ethnic groups children grandchildren european immigrants believed government giving blacks special favors forebears denied resentful native born white protestants west south feared collapse traditional christian morality backlash voters angered rock music hair pot sexual permissiveness considered student activists spoiled kids deserved spanked feared street crime cities disgusted shops rated movie houses springing downtown corner large cities backlash voters angered court decisions protect rights accused criminals forbid school prayer bus schoolchildren racial balance permit abortion things threaten values nixon closest advisers found backlash views personally congenial nixon administration officials wore american flag pins lapels cultivated attitude traditional american values backlash promised political gold nixon set forge republican majority wooing middle americans democrats republicans
important social trends decade shift population wealth leadership dominant northeastern quarter country snow belt south west sun belt century region stretching southern england middle atlantic states northwest richest populous culturally creative part united states nation greatest industries clothing steel automobiles rubber communications electronics centered largest cities northeastern cities york boston philadelphia pittsburgh cleveland cincinnati chicago detroit st louis section sheltered nation outstanding museums universities publishing houses symphony orchestras theatrical dance companies especially balance began shift rapidly americans retired live pensions chose leave uncomfortable winters northeast older midwest retirement sprang california florida arizona industry light industry defense connected industry found warmer climate open land cheaper labor lower taxes south west advantage presidents region lyndon johnson richard nixon jimmy carter government favor sun belt tax defense contract policies texas louisiana california profited energy crisis large reserves oil natural gas states offer business cost savings energy congress magnified advantage natural gas domestic petroleum prices
reagan inaugural address anticlimax president attacked notion limits growth declared nation united states confine small dreams pledged curb size influence federal establishment important television address february budget message congress soon president announced drastic reversal fiscal policies previous administrations important safety net seriously disadvantaged citizens cost social cultural educational economic programs cut sharply country achieve balanced budget beefing military spending addition encourage enterprise lagging investment business public offered substantial tax cuts conservatives predictably applauded president program overdue attack inflation swollen government liberals predictably attacked likely hurt poor set country cultural conservatives won summer end congress reagan budget cutbacks tax cut largest american history initial impression president generally favorable political views americans give rookie chance reagan oldest rookie president american history response generous honeymoon depended results president stop deterioration america economic political position
average american consumes pounds red meat pounds dairy products pounds sugar sweeteners units energy kilogram coal equivalent average american feel rich buy desire fact wealthiest person faces constraint choose alternatives impossible achieve alternative simultaneously individual faces constraint hours spent working simultaneously vacationing similarly vacation monte carlo alps attend broadway play dinner party simultaneously choices agreeable alternatives choices choices average consumer likely involve sacrificing goods obtain buy television set won going restaurants movies buying record album lunch individually collectively consumers face problem scarcity fundamental economic concepts simply want science economics exists consumers able satisfy desires goods services study economics wouldn kind total satisfaction requires goods free goods goods require payment called free goods opposed economic goods economic textbooks called air free longer true cities pollution makes air unfit breathe
look happens specialize table shows specialization ms spends harvesting corn harvest pounds harvest pounds hours hand spending workday harvesting turnips produces pounds produce pounds hours total output individual increased pounds turnips pounds corn amount resources total output economy increased pounds turnips pounds corn obviously ms material sense specialized exchanged ms exchange turnips corn reverse discussion course dealt disadvantages specialization monotony drudgery job specialization individual comparatively leads concept comparative advantage specialization rests important fact individuals communities nations comes skills producing goods services simple person person jobs equally specialization beneficial total output increased table equally physically productive harvesting turnips corn producing say pound hours happens specialization fact uniformly talented
discussion direct relationship price quantity supplied touched important aspect production law diminishing returns output rate cost produce extra units question concept diminishing returns applies situations put seat belt lap amount additional safety obtained add seat belt safety obtained additional safety gained belt secured add seat belt amount additional safety obtained smaller similar winston churchill apparently believed diminishing returns dropping bombs german steel mills war ii later bombs thought merely moved wreckage prior bombs analysis holds firms productive inputs returns hiring workers diminish point consider firm amount land equipment buildings decided add workers words factors production held constant labor considered variable factor point additional product additional unit labor decrease diminishing returns merely refers situation output rises proportionately increase say number workers employed law diminishing returns certainly applied study hours study additional hour produce increasing amounts knowledge material studying starts sense point tired
consider suppose living town clean air steel mill moves town produces steel paid inputs land labor capital entrepreneurship price charges steel reflects costs steel mill incurred course production mill input smoke dispersal free simply taking input making steel furnaces emit smoke steel mill pay cost cleaning smoke community pay cost form dirtier clothes dirtier cars houses respiratory illnesses effect similar happen steel mill coal oil free negative effect negative costs production steel spilled parties parties buyer seller steel negative called negative costs neighbors pay dirtier clothes cars respiratory problems group external market transaction steel mill buyers steel situation depicted graph demand curve steel supply curve observed steel mill town supply curve includes costs firm pay equilibrium market clearing situation occur quantity include costs negative externalities graph find full cost steel production
impersonal marketplace pure market economy millions buyers cast dollar votes goods indirectly determine income inequality individuals productive resources correspond desired products find low incomes skill firm requires competition firms force ignore resource choose cost production technique end income scale high incomes order hazardous risky unpleasant jobs high incomes induce train educate acquire skills pure market economy absence restraints imperfections system maximum economic obtained set resources point proponents price system system harnessing interest order provide society greatest output desired goods additionally price system leads automatic transfer resources lower valued higher valued resources stay industry demand product withered change consumer tastes opponents price system point economically efficient undesired unequal distribution income results perfect economic efficiency allow individuals starve death sufficient resources valued marketplace questions fairness equity arise resources allowed reap large benefits price system fortunate barely survive
part economic system legal institutions set govern exchanges courts police economic arms government activities important consequences economic activities country constantly entering contracts contracts oral written express implied believe wronged seek redress grievances legal institutions consider legal system smooth functioning capitalist system laws define explicitly legal status businesses rights private ownership system enforcement contracts fact relationships consumers businesses governed legal rules game consider government judicial function referee disputes economic arena laws passed congress decisions handed judges affect economic activities consider history legislation governing manufacture sale therapeutic drugs drugs produced today meet higher standards drugs say ago pure food drug act numerous amendments acts passed put strictures production sale drugs part consumer protection role government believe attain economic efficiency competition ensure existence competitive system congress governments passed antitrust legislation legislation makes illegal economic activities restrain trade prevent free competition rival firms marketplace
easy decide activity productive measuring productive activity difficult rule thumb ask consumers willing pay resulting service service generate satisfaction utility consumer willing pay output activity consumer incurs opportunity cost purchase consider football fans pay money football tickets longer money purchase goods services football fans eager pay tickets assume professional football worthwhile service ticket purchaser professional football considered productive activity physical output results non fans consider frivolous quarrel analysis stand definition determine activity productive need decide buyers voluntarily expenditures service determining nation productive activity careful exaggerate resulting estimate measure national output include prices resources manufacture automobile steel aluminum rubber tires final selling price automobile calculation involve double counting adding productive activities final selling price automobile reflects inputs making car count selling price car inputs overstate productive activity
equilibrium price market clearing price occurs intersection demand curve supply curve note tendency price quantity change supply demand equilibrium market price greater equilibrium price forces act push price equilibrium producers retailers offer unsold surpluses lower prices producers respond reducing output hand market price equilibrium price excess quantity demanded price forces set motion price rise willing bid price producers respond increasing quantity supplied market equilibrium forces reestablish equilibrium concept applies equilibrium single product market equilibrium entire market goods economy aggregate demand goods services equal aggregate supply goods services market forces operate bring aggregate demand aggregate supply equilibrium process national income product rise fall equilibrium concept pervades economic analysis assumed equilibrium prevails circular flow model exhibit requiring household earnings spent product market business production offered sale allow discrepancy basic circular flow aggregate demand aggregate supply goods services automatically keeping aggregate demand aggregate supply equilibrium suppose businesses aggregate profitable national output
fair taxing policy principles achieve taxing policy words fair provide clues dealing judgments ultimately individual tastes dictate fair realize nation requires tax revenues carry affairs pay public goods services decide resources individuals finance public expenditures principles tax revenues obtained individuals pay public goods services benefit received principle ability pay principle productivity principle mind scientific objective choose principles benefit received principle taxation suggests according principle individuals taxed proportion benefits receive public expenditures receive benefits government expenditures pay taxes conversely receive benefits government expenditures pay examples benefit received principle taxation toll roads gasoline taxes roads built tax dollars pay pay rightly according benefit received principle taxation presumably sales tax gasoline provide cheaper means collecting road construction taxes precise match benefits received taxes paid toll roads benefit received principle sounds reasonable practice difficult administer
fed alter money supply changing reserves banking system changing reserve requirements change money supply lead interest rates interest rates change households respond changing consumption expenditures businesses respond changing investment expenditures money supply lead directly desired aggregate expenditures essentially means money supply change shift aggregate demand monetary policy defined actions fed change money supply interest rates consumption related heard prospective home buyers complain afford purchase house interest rates mortgage loans high sizable payment feel wait interest rates housing mortgages drop clearly interest rates important shopping home small interest rate large difference monthly housing payments lesser extent consumer purchases lasting durable goods automobiles refrigerators purchased cash purchasers durable goods borrow part purchase price bank lending institution finance company credit card company purchase goods borrowed money involves payment interest higher interest rate likely consumers purchase durable goods postpone purchases continuing older durable goods longer periods higher interest rates lead reductions household expenditures turn lead reduction aggregate demand
start history monetary policy depression retrospect depression part blamed failure monetary policy fed failed support banks financial panic month period banks failed failed closure numerous banks failure fed provide liquidity faltering banks caused money supply fall period greatest contraction supply money circulation depression called fed dismal hour recovery depression begin late mid money supply grew percent national income output grew steadily mid money supply fell fed thought banks holding excess reserves happen reserve requirements raised happen banks built excess reserves reserve requirements raised banks worried financial panic wanted hold reserves required surprisingly increase reserve requirements caused money supply fall expansion started stopped tracks partly monetary policy war ii fed numerous open market purchases bonds demand deposits increased billion billion currency hands public tripled fed sold bonds aggressively money supply fell money supply increased steadily fed conscious effort control supply interest rates leaning wind monetary policy counter business cycle
previous chapter accounted inflation aggregate demand aggregate supply approach aggregate demand exceeds aggregate supply full employment output rate inflation result demand pull inflation account high rates inflation aggregate demand aggregate supply approach high rates unemployment high rates inflation shown graph table high rate unemployment indication economy definitely full employment rate output inflation according aggregate demand aggregate supply approach phenomenon economic stagnation high rates unemployment continuing inflation labeled stagflation period stagflation united states occurred occurred intermittently abroad occurred reappeared early existence stagflation phillips curve shows stable economists major policy problem phillips curve stable rising unemployment fought policies lead increase inflation basic problem traditional monetary fiscal policy measures stagflation inflation desired policymakers fear policies lead economic stagnation existence stagflation explained major theory involves diminishing incentives save invest resulting high tax rates facing individuals understand explanation helpful look concept bracket creep discussed chapter
section attempt distinguish define capitalism socialism communism pure forms discuss idealized theoretical versions practice difficult find economy fits exactly economic systems fact economies characteristics systems economists academics classification simplifying complex problems economies closer systems pure capitalism idealized economic system capital natural resources owned individuals individuals rights personal labor private property rights important ingredient pure capitalism individuals resources fit subject minimal legal restrictions pure capitalism terms private property rights free enterprise free markets interest check competition limited role government pure capitalism role government provide internal external security enforce voluntary contracts help maintain natural competition marketplace provide needy pure capitalism main motivating force search profit produce quantities determined profits goods produced profitably produced driven marketplace ultimately consumers determine produced dollar votes marketplace willing spend income resources substitute production process pure capitalist economy decide produce commodity society votes
combined desire reduce income inequality finance large government expenditures led high marginal income tax rates socialist welfare states highly progressive personal income tax structures uncommon moderately high income individuals face percent marginal tax rates expect high marginal tax rates encouraged growth underground economies unemployment tends fairly high socialist economies minimum wage laws exist unions power increase wages faster productivity rises employers react laying laborers productivity wage rate unemployed laborers incentives remain unemployed receive untaxed unemployment compensation social welfare benefits unemployed face extremely high marginal tax rates encouraged remain unemployed remember discussion farm surpluses chapter recall surplus situation continue government buy surplus price fallen lower price increased quantity demanded decreased quantity supplied unemployment viewed surplus labor going wage rate structure unemployment wage rates fall quantity labor demanded rise quantity supplied fall minimum wage laws unions prohibit wages falling resulting surplus labor form unemployment unemployed surplus remains governments purchase unemployment providing unemployment compensation welfare benefits unemployed characteristic socialist welfare economies increasingly protectionist international trade sector reluctant allow domestic firms bankrupt stiff foreign competition unemployment result
economist attempted demonstrate superiority socialism oskar lange series articles entitled economic theory socialism lange proposed system socialist managers firm essentially imitate behavior managers perfectly competitive capitalism central planners major function issue commands set prices goods services factors production socialist firm managers prices account actual operation firms accordance rules rate output set marginal cost production equal assigned price product factors production chosen combinations cost output rate minimized words lange market socialist system involve planners setting physical goals quotas individual firms individual socialist firm managers planning physical output input oskar lange market socialist system considered ideal socialist system economic efficiency assured central planners adjust resource output prices market clearing equilibrium levels managers proper adjustments marginal product marginal cost lange attempted demonstrate perfect socialist system real capitalist system operate sure perfectly competitive conditions real lange pointed numerous monopolies exist capitalist economies industries price exceeds marginal cost monopoly managers economic power lange system marginal cost equal price matter firm market
anthropology study accurately study human beings scientific discipline anthropology concerned aspects humankind social behavior language attitudes values personality government kinship history prehistory art illness healing religion economics technology clothing anthropology concerned biological aspects humans body build pigmentation blood types biochemical traits ancestry ancestors evolutionary processes involved physical development anthropology holistic science entire gamut humankind focus study disciplines deal sociology psychology economics political science history tend specialize single aspects human activity economists study production distribution consumption goods market system systems exchange rarely consider effect religion kinship economic system anthropology takes broader holistic approach considers findings academic fields pertaining humans fact humankind considered scope discipline division anthropology main branches cultural physical illustrates breadth cultural anthropology divided sociocultural anthropology archeology linguistics involved culture peoples past present sociocultural anthropologist concentrates culture existing peoples traditionally focusing technologically complex societies studying say american indian society sociocultural anthropologist restrict investigation clothing food religious practices include entire range behavior archeologist concerned society attempting reconstruct ancient culture
alfred russel wallace born small english village family modest means fourteen special talent moved job interested collecting joined expedition amazon valley age twenty happy collecting specimens south america wallace england later sailed malayan archipelago continue study collection bird insect specimens remained collected specimens thought problem succession species island coast celebes islands wallace bed suffering periodic attacks fever suddenly solution problem thought flashed mind recalling phrase positive checks increase malthus essay immediately realized phenomenon apply animals human beings checks earth quickly overrun prolific breeders species plants animals perish survived answer adapted survived adapted perished wallace set thoughts paper darwin essay tendency varieties depart indefinitely original type darwin read wallace paper depressed wrote lyell words true vengeance forestalled darwin publication wallace paper wallace credit theory darwin felt belonged thought twenty
stated earlier function meiosis produce cells chromosomes left daughter cells division reached goal chromosomes daughter cell doubled order produce cell single stranded chromosomes division separate doubled chromosomes exactly division daughter cells pass familiar process division doubled chromosomes position equator cell single centromere joining chromatids doubled spindle fibers attached centromere lead respective chromatids opposite poles cytoplasm daughter cell divides gamete finally chromosomes haploid number meiotic function produce cells set chromosomes achieved reduction number chromosomes diploid haploid number basic process heredity glance simple arithmetic involved clearly demonstrates bisexual reproduction parent contributes half genetic information parent sexual intercourse contributes gamete fertilization occurs child produced child cells chromosomes clear parent transmit cell chromosomes produce cell chromosomes number chromosomes parental cell reduced half diploid number paternal maternal gametes combine female result fertilized cell called zygote carries full complement pairs member pair coming father mother fig
relationship gene frequencies populations mendelian proportions straightforward extension simple mendelian genetics fact soon rediscovery mendel american geneticist animal breeder castle developed model showing relationship genes populations castle felt results obvious trouble unequivocally conditions genetic equilibrium actively push acceptance views english mathematician hardy german physician weinberg independently reached conclusion formulation eventually won wide acceptance mathematical relationship gene genotype frequencies populations called hardy weinberg formula law interestingly note science genetics advancing intellectually broad international front turn century scientists countries discovered mendel initial contribution realized implications application principles populations independently reached separate countries discipline population genetics born idealized conditions hardy weinberg equilibrium alleles added alleles removed population allele trait equal chance combining alleles gene pool simplest situation applicable study genetic trait follows simple mendelian pattern alleles recall earlier discussions genotypes aa aa aa proportions genotypes aa aa aa function allele frequencies percentage percentage
belief relationship race personality popular today evidence personality cultural trait aspect culture religion language racial likely scholars today agree statement area disagreement debated emotion uncharacteristic academic community area question race intelligence overwhelming majority academic opinion anthropology biology genetics psychology sociology find valid evidence relates phenomena scientists believe relationship known advocate proposition race causal factor intelligence professor arthur jensen jensen professor educational psychology university california berkeley believes intelligence correlate race intelligence inherited iq tests measure intelligence racial intelligence differences researched point view uncertainty heredity problem reduced lower average iq scores blacks points function race jensen jensen views criticized scientists disciplines recent review analysis literature testing intelligence led seriously question degree idea general intelligence usefulness real pursuits lines evidence behavior encapsulated label intelligence intend intelligence bit intended
fish reflect basic vertebrate brain composed sections forebrain midbrain hindbrain forebrain includes olfactory lobes cerebrum midbrain largest section fish center control coordination mainly optic lobe hindbrain combines cerebellum medulla oblongata act message center source autonomic reflex actions trend brain evolution increase forebrain decrease mid amphibian brain modified fish olfactory lobe smaller cerebrum slightly larger significant appeared reptile brain cerebrum greatly enlarged forebrain devoted smell striking innovation developed reptilian cerebrum cerebral hemispheres coated neurons reptile small portion front part cerebrum covered sort nervous tract called neopallium neocortex covering general gray matter reptilian neopallium feeble beginning important mammals neopallium dramatically expanded spread cerebral hemispheres central control midbrain passed entirely neopallium forebrain cerebrum increased size compose brain developed making greater surface area increasing brain size humans growth section brain reaches ultimate development fact human brain proportion body size largest complex animal important difference placentals marsupials teeth
guinea africa observers watched chimpanzees crack nuts called pebble tool stone purposefully properly called tool striking stone weighed lb platform stone nut weighed lb chimpanzee crouched front platform stone chose dry palm seed cavity platform stone gripped handle side pebble tool lifted height cm struck palm seed palm seed broken chimpanzee removed white ovule fingers ate min authors believe nut cracking behavior highly suggestive early stone tool culture important note hammer stone platform stone deliberately manufactured chimpanzees japanese macaques variety monkey demonstrated capacity cultural behavior japanese scientists embarked provisioning procedure supplied food places japan groups monkeys living areas method proved eminently successful purposes observation japanese researchers added significantly understanding macaques japanese monkeys observed making tools invented methods preparing food eating sweet potatoes food monkeys scattering beach imo young female observed hand brush sand sweet potatoes hand dip potatoes water brook invention picked juveniles playmate relationships passed juveniles mothers passed chldren
ancient legends tell strange hairy bipedal creature prowling wilds north america fact abominable snowmen creatures reported separate areas north america reported british columbia washington oregon northern california unexplained beasts seen alaska mexico pacific coast northern michigan tales creatures called today embellished sightings footprints hair fragments feces photographs collected dealing fact fiction lives reports consistent detailing large twelve foot upright animal size hair location cold northwest imply mammal body shape locomotion limit possibilities possibly bear gait footprints left sort objective pursuit knowledge admit things highly improbable kinds native definite remains indigenous north central south america homo sapiens recent closest fossil primate matching dimensions fleeting remains extinct widely scattered pleistocene found big animal exceedingly large teeth generally fairly chance preserved
defining culture primarily mental process human mind presumably minds hominid ancestors unique capacity create symbols chimp sees water sees environmental setting learned experiences directly humans introduce kinds additional meanings holy water physically identical water symbolic chimp water experience wet drinkable chimp capable grasping superimposed arbitrary ideas invented understood humans obviously inside head chimpanzee exactly thinking assumptions derived behavioral observations natural habitats results learning experiments discussed chapter scientists considerable dispute concerning behavioral capacities chimpanzees assumptions expressed reflect views authors humans course capacity manipulate environments infinitely ways animals simple human invention watertight container hollowed gourd ostrich egg orders magnitude complex chimp rhesus monkey cultural behavior culture complex adaptive strategy central human evolution acted potent selective force mold anatomical form million archeological record early cultural behavior seen preserved remains stone implements traces uniquely human activity shaping stone according simplest plan behavior ape monkey washburn
gene machines designed behave instinctively aggressive manner fellow creatures researchers popular writers movie producers believe raymond dart discoverer australopithecine advocated view fragmented fossil remains south africa dr dart characterized australopithecine forebears bone club wielding jaw bone cleaving phase human emergence dart playwright turned popular science writer robert popularized dart views proclaiming predator natural instinct kill weapon desmond morris full zoologist part anthropologist claiming evolution shaped naked ape killer ape morris imagery permeated film industry seen stanley space odyssey struck hopefully hard club wielding depicted ancestor ways view psychologically satisfying explain inhumanity human beings basis fact founded solely speculation evidence pleistocene shows conclusively hominid met violent end hands fellow creature doubt die violently large carnivores agents responsible leopards choukoutien skull smashing fashion evidence necessarily homo erectus counts murder similar cultural practices recorded modern groups involve sort cannibalism eating brains dead relatives carry spirit power
additional discoveries turkana strongly suggest presence hominid lineage contemporaneous separate australopithecines skull discovered er similar larger mandibles including nearly complete specimens er tooth proportions larger front teeth characteristic genus finally postcranial remains discovered turkana show taller group inferred australopithecines dating crucial early homo material turkana tied dating kbs tuff discussed precise chronology volcanic bed remains open question dates range er comes feet kbs tuff maximum date recent evidence points younger date reasonable approximation age er pleistocene sites revealed early members genus homo omo southern ethiopia scattered remains teeth small cranial fragments similar pattern comparable early homo material discussion australopithecus versus homo confusing despair distinction formulated confusion professional ranks true boisei group australopithecines east africa distinctive characterized enormous tooth grinding complex equally true set fossil hominids east africa called early homo fall group thorny problem comes trying distinguish individuals homo sp south african variety australopithecines africanus
observed erectus taller larger brained dependent culture australopithecines statements general discuss characteristics erectus detail dealing evolution hominids resembling australopithecine stage modern stage modifications hominids part relative erectus taller australopithecines shorter sapiens larger brained australopithecines smaller brained sapiens homo erectus physical cultural characteristics intermediate australopithecine sapiens stages perspective erectus middle pleistocene dated ago african chinese remains additional million evolution erectus proceeded rapidly middle pleistocene cranial capacity erectus ranges widely cm mean cm terms averages skull erectus roughly size australopithecines larger early homo large sapiens look skull erectus profile characteristics immediately apparent overhanging orbits pronounced bony ledge supraorbital marked depression known constriction forehead recedes rising sharply modern low skull reminiscent deflated football end skull bone forming part base skull
remained open periods geologists determined short spans passageway continents existed dry land extended periods episodes received human inhabitants precise dating entry especially significant took place earlier conclude premodern physical type likely pioneering human species skeletal remains widely accepted support possibility conceivably arrivals died later stages pleistocene case archeological sites recent peoples derive later fully modern immigrants event exception recent eskimo immigrants american natives generally share number distinctive physical traits consequence small founding population founder effect explain high incidence shovel shaped incisors presence rare blood types high frequencies absence blood groups hand observable differences native populations body build skin color credited recent genetic drift due natural selection pressures isolated populations local environments physical similarities shared modern asian native american populations result later infusions groups presence developing mongoloid genetic traits initial american population
teotihuacan end apparently stages shortly culture began wane terms influence local societies valley mexico hand population city remained fairly stable century declining rapidly factors brought dissolution large urban center understood present demise city teotihuacan left highland mesoamerica devoid primary sociopolitical religious center smaller urban centers located outer edges valley mexico contended control region eventually emerged powerful located km miles northwest teotihuacan possibly established small colony teotihuacan fall capital city attracted residents living northern periphery area dominated center adams tenth century known historically toltecs set capital city rapidly grew cover area half teotihuacan contained modest ceremonial center rival built classic times enjoy period success focus commercial military enterprise expanded trade networks colonization efforts conquest toltecs agents copper objects exotic goods introduced southwestern united states traditionally viewed intruders post classic maya realm late maya site chichen itza northcentral yucatan shares striking similarities including details art style form ball court temple pyramids major public buildings
rate cultural continued accelerate ten millennia traced span thousand agriculture developed areas human groups began experiment plant domestication intriguing barring contacts developments occurred independently hemispheres cultural anthropologists archeologists evidence argue regular patterns laws governing direction cultural change postulate models explaining culture evolves bear mind processes underlying cultural evolution fundamentally biological evolution discrete units cultural transmission analogous genes cultural selection measured success groups parallel natural selection measured success individuals considerations denied cultures change direction cultures survive grow perish fact meaningfully understand thousand human history studying cultural factors mean left realm biological evolution completely means mutation occurs potential effects artificial radiation chemicals pose danger increasing genetic mistakes natural selection operating powerful zygotes conceived reproduce results accelerated pace migration centuries visible saying profound ability modify environments outdistanced biological capacity respond
tracing historically transition agrarian industrial society important clues understanding sexual attitudes behavior occurred recent past united states western nations shift agrarian industrial took place middle eighteenth century beginning twentieth century transitional period victorian era nineteenth century change affected aspects society including sexuality family agrarian economy basically occupations social classes aristocracy land peasant farmers land economy children valuable asset social classes important aristocracy heirs titles property retained family economic asset peasant class agricultural economy children produce consume agrarian societies past present social security programs children needed care aged parents society birthrate high peasant woman function working field laborer primarily producing rearing children sexuality society focus childbirth tends seen primarily exclusively terms procreation especially women christian tradition sexual position activity purpose enjoyment procreation taboo masturbation biblical sin oral genital anal sex biblical birth control devices condemned directed production children death rates agrarian societies high aristocratic women bear children insure male heir lands title fortunes
relationship sexual behavior social class females women formal education likely report masturbation orgasm homosexual activities women education women education women higher status occupational backgrounds likely report experiencing orgasm marital sexual relations extramarital sexual relations premarital petting premarital sexual intercourse related age marraige women social levels engaging activities prior marriage women social class related nocturnal sex dreams frequency marital sex lower classes premarital sexual experiences meaning males females males seek sexual conquests physical pleasure intercourse prestige male friends accord conquests lower class females likely middle class females physical pleasure orgasm premarital relations status friends lowered promiscuity lower class females accede male demands effort secure attention affection obtain declaration love proposal marriage losing sexually accessible female middle upper classes emphasis sex extension love relationship double standard male female behavior greater likelihood mutual commitment guilt pleasure premarital relations higher classes lower emotional commitment tends important female distinguishes easy lay stigmatized society
sexuality seen physiological perspective terms functioning body sociological perspective terms social interaction psychological perspective aspect individual personality development psychological perspective human sexuality interpreted product universal psychological processes extensive cultural shaping contemporary psychology variety contributions sigmund freud early remain central discipline controversial freud theories importance study sexuality overlooked general level major contributions redefinition sexuality acceptable topic research analysis conception psychological determinism decades reflection observation medical cases freud physician convinced presumed children women reality repression universal sexual desires desires negated traditional separation body spirit male female child adult freud began study scientifically sexual sexual repression result called neurosis major findings human beings sexual beings sexuality normal freud contribution psychological determinism theory human behavior located psychological processes universal cross cultural fundamental human drives freud instinct destructive drive death freud conceptualized source instinct survival part survival instinct involves intake food drive labeled hunger part survival instinct sexuality drive freud labeled libido
variety fears states anxiety rational irrational lead sexual difficulties fear anxiety prevent individual receptive partner advances lead unsatisfying sexual interaction impaired sexual functioning avoidance sex altogether common anxiety sexual situations performance orientation sexual activity high achievement segments society surprising experience performance pressure bedroom performance anxiety fear able perform sexually according preconceived notion adequacy inhibit sexual response result defined failure feared start vicious circle sexual encounter anticipated increased anxiety past failure failure occurring result masters johnson performance anxiety directed living partner expectations concerned partner pleasure concentrate pleasing partner expense personal pleasure frequent symptom performance orientation sexual interaction individuals remain observing sexual reactions distracting thoughts losing erotic experiences typical intrusive thoughts indicative going turning fast going lose erection acting spectator critical judge lovemaking produce anxiety interfere sexual functioning pleasure sexual anxiety
single women sex problems lack skills confidence meet potential partners develop relationships inadequate repertoire social skills experience anxiety social situations unable skills social skills training frequently provided individuals part group individual therapy workshops social skills training deals issues fears rejection acceptance meet initiating maintaining conversations getting step step approach setting limits dating getting sex partner therapy workshop sessions provide opportunities learning practicing techniques didactic presentations therapist role play small group exercises discussions zilbergeld ellison typical homework exercise engage coffee dates number coffee date encounter lasting longer hour physical contact handshake hug permitted coffee date need coffee walk ride sharing drink meal date partner informed limit date structuring coffee dates individuals feel uncomfortable loss say start wondering sexual individuals encouraged proceed slowly developing relationships rush situations anxiety provoking difficult handle zilbergeld
thirty woman reports days period mess hungry eat sight put weight water retention eating belly sticks nausea diarrhea feel depressed sorry menstruation continue days pain perceived lower abdomen limited parts body controlled uterine nerves sides thighs lower abdomen ovulation prerequisite puberty ovulation begun rarely accompanied type pain dalton pp types relieved hormone treatment treatments wrong hormone increase create symptoms relieve treated estrogen therapy women wishing conceive contraceptive pills congestive hand responds progesterone therapy progesterone therapy artificial progesterone therapy relieves disturbing symptoms syndrome women prone migraine acne epilepsy hay fever asthma predominantly segment cycles hormonal treatment produces dramatic results women tension congestive find decrease fluid salt intake weeks cycles coffee diuretic pills remove excess water body prove helpful affect body sodium potassium balance source potassium bananas figs oranges effective
primary syphilis treated disease continues secondary stage chancre heals infected person outward symptoms infect weeks months chancre appears generalized skin rash develops days weeks accompanied headaches loss appetite nausea constipation aching bones muscles joints slight persistent fever symptoms distressing medical treatment sought disease recognized syphilis called symptoms similar diseases treatment penicillin primary secondary stages rapidly effective infected person recovers permanent effects treatment secondary syphilis symptoms disappear weeks occasionally longer disease enters dangerous stage latent stage disease hidden percent untreated individuals re experience primary chancre secondary symptoms latent syphilis disappear weeks disease hidden disease longer contagious cases women pregnant women latent syphilis pass disease unborn children treatment early pregnancy prevent congenital syphilis child untreated women stillborn infants give birth children congenital disease thirds remain untreated problems disease
addition obviously sexual organs males females develop physical differences countries males weaker sex terms expectancy males conceived females males live born death rate males exceeds females percent average expectancy white females united states today seventy males approximately weaker terms expectancy known human society average male taller heavier stronger female higher metabolic rate requires food produces physical energy female heart pumps forcibly blood red corpuscles giving greater oxygen supply physical exertion contrast male physical strength developmental retardation growth velocity lags nearly female physiological maturity achieved half later female differences males females arithmetic averages sexes true male compared female females taller stronger males males mature faster females average female united states taller heavier average male india differences males females expectancy growth accepted innate biological behavioral differences clearly tied male female physiology childhood girls greater preference indoor sedentary activities
young reports erection occur mother scold tended frighten remember grandmother bath wanted clean cleaned navel erection gary gave slap frightened sexual dickens adults society concerned discover young children involved sexual activities fear indulging sexual activity upset child physical emotional social development concern social development justification child open sexual interests activities quickly ostracized neighborhoods adults evidence early sexual activities se harm child physical emotional development problems arise adults upset punish child reveal horror normal activity al strict prohibition childhood sexuality found segments society means universal negative adult attitudes children sex activities societies permissive attitude sexual expression childhood free open sex play common societies adults participate actively sexual stimulation infants young children instance central asia adults playing young children excite rubbing genitals mothers society oceanic island tribe fondle genitals babies nursing ford beach adult stimulation children permissive societies quickly learn variety sexual activities
married consider reasons pursuing extramarital relationship small proportion study midwestern suburban sample middle aged middle class couples percent percent women agreed statement happily persons experience sexual intercourse person johnson respondents denied extramarital sexual relationship variety factors explain apparent disparity interest action extramarital sex interested finding extramarital sex opportunity undoubtedly factor determining engage extramarital encounters johnson occupations necessitate considerable travel coworkers opposite sex offer opportunities sexual adventuring travel coworkers sex opportunity condition extramarital sex sufficient married couples live periods situation likely affairs shared single home apparently person attitude affairs important variable permits permit utilization opportunity extramarital sex opportunity important factor happily married necessarily interested seeking sexual involvement marriage woman spend considerable professionally socially find social professional relationship deepening intimate relationship
interpersonal swingers seek close emotional relationships partners desire friendships couples share emotionally open honest manner selective partners swing invariably avoid large swinging parties friends swingers communal swingers similar interpersonal swingers advocate form group marriage idea rejected swingers preceding classification motives mate swapping motive simply obtain sexual variety threatening conventional marriage style motive ego enhancement sexual attractiveness continually reaffirmed motive expand social means form recreation meet physically attractive intelligent wife consent sexually stimulated want home dinner cooked home beautiful mother children wife bed partner variety want comes sex swingers want obtain similar extended family include compatible couples addition nuclear family group marriage part extension family couples maintain separate homes separate financial arrangements emotional closeness fostered sharing interests social activities sexual creates emotional legal extension nuclear family comfort seeking things consensual extramarital sex follows effect experiences marriages personalities total style vary depending degree seek experiences
therapists search called illness sexual perversion homosexuality writers attributed homosexual behavior sources popular theory locates homosexuality family dynamics suggest result glandular malfunction hormonal imbalance suggested genetic predisposition form chromosome disorder recent research support idea homosexual behavior results hormonal genetic predisposition brodie al recent study subtle differences hormone levels heterosexual homosexual males extensive overlap groups al majority research concludes consistent differences hormonal levels heterosexuals homosexuals meyer ross rogers mcculloch meyer medical view homosexuality implicitly based assumption inborn instinct tendency heterosexual scientific studies cultures animals lend support instinctual theory human sexuality human sexual behavior varies widely dependent learning conditioning reason homosexuality sought search malfunction led called perversion general theory explains sexual preferences acquired acosta meaningful inquire homosexuality meaningful explain sexual behavior behavioral terms words situation developed sexual act terms predispositions traits tripp
open marriage authors suggest marriage based freedom partners pursue leave unresolved question extension freedom sexuality marriage committed living arrangement open free sexual sense create problems partners area security belonging freedom sexual adventures structured rules emotional commitment casual partner sleep home situation longer free adventuring partners trample peoples feelings means ends requirement complete sexual fidelity lead sexual boredom lack sexual fulfillment unrealistic fantasies marvels sex partners secret affairs undermine foundation marital relationship pay lip service ideal fulfillment individual debate commitment fits realization close intimate committed relationship case communal marriage partners free pursue goals goals empty meaning triumph unshared lead alienation loneliness hand commitment needs goals partner development realization goals needs independent human heterosexual homosexual married unmarried salient question couples choice monogamy sexual variety choice secret open sexual variety
international committee contraceptive research developing pellet releases estrogen gradually blood stream implanted skin small dosage hormones inhibits ovulation minimum undesirable side effects sexuality today october scientists worcester foundation experimental biology working contraceptive implant small plastic tube filled milligrams hormone slow release end tube caused sterility months test animals animal tests planned tests begin human beings sexuality today september hormone releasing hormone twenty peptides identified decade form basis brain control bodily functions brain signal pituitary gland turn releases hormone triggers ovulation hundreds synthetic versions developed academic commercial laboratories effort create generation contraceptives research produce variety contraceptive agents including male pill called morning pill pill induce menstruation missed period tested oral contraceptive suppress ovulation produce side effects characteristic contraceptives estrogen research team salk institute testing determine effectiveness preventing pregnancy ways method small daily dosage administered tongue capsule vaginal insert prevents ovulation method month larger dose administered days ovulation
case studies depth investigations single unit person group community specific nation surveys collect small amount information cases case studies deal information single cases major difference major advantages disadvantages case studies hand case studies provide complete exploration case provide greater insight important cases interaction sequences interaction meaning assigned interaction hand case studies provide generalizations larger population obviously inferences sample member especially procedures cases chosen analysis dramatic unusual qualities typical commonly found qualities earlier reports respondents elicited questionnaires interviews conducting case studies researchers rarely questionnaires depth interviewing interviews limited previously prepared questionnaires closed ended questions questions open ended unsolicited comments respondents fully explored flexibility provide greater insight phenomena rarely explored surveys important previous behavior meaning behavior respondent words depth interviews provide real sense understanding generate hypotheses conclusions reached depth interviewing susceptible interviewer biases isaac michael reasons investigator subjectively interpret behavior judge importance place theoretical framework
research social psychology today kurt emerged scene social psychology practiced psychologists concrete orientation jones press asked questions specific reactions social variables social psychologist early interested person performed task presence person person person audience social psychology conducted sociologists concerned describing differences large aggregates northerner versus southerner emigrated hitler germany introduced theory social psychology proponent deductive method science believed general propositions linked human behavior social situations developed felt general propositions tested aid experimentation influence colleagues social psychology began view research investigations separate unconnected phenomena testing general theories human behavior white social psychology entered modern age advocate multiplicity settings conduct research emphasized experimental laboratory valid setting test hypotheses implored colleagues apply theories topics social concern regard advocated constant interplay experiments conducted laboratory conducted natural field environment aronson brewer press died general approach carried ensuing decades students influenced
categories formed heads basis early information child form rudimentary category witch stories parents told knows witch ugly mean drives wicked broomstick subsequently hears wizard oz witch north young beautiful mean happens child original category theorists agree information witch north assimilated existing category distorted degree order fit established category category accommodated information piaget child category witch show expansion order incorporate information extraordinary influence parents forming attitudes beliefs values arises fact establish initial categories categories resistant change result clash existing category information resolved direction assimilation accommodation due factors parents credible sources information young child subsequent information provided source weigh heavily source communication credible parents evidence preexisting categories exert influence stimuli stimuli categories bruner previous study carmichael hogan walter subjects look line drawings quickly flashed screen figure
organisms seek increase pleasure decrease pain behave increases pleasure likely behave order roast beef dinner restaurant turns superb likelihood restaurant order roast beef skinner called type learning operant conditioning provided framework behavior response emitted presence situational stimulus situation reinforcing stimulus learned sense repeated schematically procedure shown figure roast beef dinner restaurant serves situational stimulus location response ordering roast beef dinner reinforcing stimulus delectable taste food reward reinforces behavior sense increases probability behavior occur presence ds restaurant consider child raised household parents believe premarital sex bad let say topic relevant television program concluded touched topic child says gee think immoral precocious statement met smiles mommy daddy hug kiss attitudinal statement response presence stimulus reinforced smiles hugs kisses looked say attitude statement instrumental obtaining reward
course multitude situations find inconsistency cognitions social psychologists familiar study effects inconsistent dissonant cognitions studies provocative line everyday intuition topics studied studying cognitive dissonance discussed sections induced compliance paradigm individuals persuaded behave ways inconsistent private attitudes cognitive dissonance established discrepancy behavioral attitudinal cognitions private attitude support school busing illustration person induced compliance paradigm unspecified reason induced attitude speech opposed busing belief variance expressed attitude reduce uncomfortable tension noted change cognition possibility cognitions expected change behaviors difficult change behavior public actor identified extremely difficult deny behaved hear speech confused deny private attitudes changed easily convince strongly favor busing psychology induced compliance researchers generally looked attitudes evidence dissonance reduction changing attitudes easier changing cognitions public behavior takes effort attitudes affected question
cooper reported data collected showed direct physiological arousal accompanying dissonance process subjects participated study write essays wrote persuasive essays desirability classes university attitudes disagreed position subjects wrote freely agreeing subjects told write essays undoubtedly recognize paradigm induced compliance paradigm predict dissonance experienced conditions high choice added study direct physiological measurement skin measure related degree perspiration carried surface skin physiological arousal results subjects high dissonance high choice condition showed greater skin activity subjects low choice condition greater skin group subjects wrote statement consistent attitudes results explanations dissonance phenomena rely concept arousal impression management perception likely accurate accounts process occurring seen chapter attitudes change cognitions added eliminated changed attitudes altered dissonance aroused techniques induced compliance free choice effort justification true cognitive means reducing unpleasant tension true means reducing tension satisfactorily reduce dissonance large research discussed focuses operate inconsistent cognitions restore consistency
judgments factors consideration cuban missile crisis stands critical need assess intentions accurately course judgments stake fate think interpersonal judgments intuitive kennedy assessment khrushchev arisen intuitive feeling personality common situations gut feeling true intentions person fritz point logic called naive psychology voluminous body theory research built consider human beings critical judgments assessments permit chart course interpersonal everyday experience attempt decide want person kind cruel warm cold generous stingy access innermost thoughts feelings behavior judge infer behavior observe section consider related views processes person undertakes examine behavior actor order decisions look jones davis theory correspondent inferences kelley model attribution processes finally weiner freize reed rest model attribution success failure models approach phenomena slightly points view ask basic question observed behavior
kelley incorporated bem notions general model perception proposed factors important attributing causality behavior attribute causality behaviors noted chapter presumed distinctiveness consensus consistency behavior crucial attributing characteristics number biases affect perceptions operate biases encountered discussion operation biases perception leads outcomes biases perceiving biases affect characterized part totalitarian ego organization information serves form favorable impression included biases tendency responsible bad outcomes egocentricity tendency process recall information relevant cognitive conservatism resistance perceptions change light information addition observers likely attribute behaviors dispositions actors actors likely attribute behaviors environment handicapping strategy coping inexplicable success establishing external future failure individual discount potential poor ability learned helplessness phenomenon cease behave exposed uncontrollable stress learned helplessness function stress helpless situation social comparison theory position holds drive evaluate opinions abilities extent physical reality utilized purpose rely information social reality
finding repeated exposure stimulus object person leads liking established harrison review effect appears hold conditions including instances initial reaction stimulus negative markus wilson attraction induced mere exposure likely increased opportunities occur increase degree attraction swap found frequently individuals seen chose interact discuss personal details explanation interact interactions rewarding davis werner latane newcomb argued persons interact reward punishment ratio reinforcing normal everyday interaction likely say nice things hear compliments return say hear negative things interact rewarded thought reward leads greater liking follow give greatest opportunity frequent interaction rewarding liked jobs houses dormitories likely tomorrow expect interact newcomb balance theories suggest pressure form positive sentiment relationship constantly interact darley berscheid conducted experiment demonstrate expectation interacting person induces tendency person
falling love breaking term relationships thought subject empirical data investigators making start direction hill rubin examined student couples prior marriage occurred began participation hill al study fascinating factor discovered hill al degree involvement partners relationship considerably uneven partners relationships lasted addition relationships dissolved tended intimate study began finally occurred mutual agreement partners prevalent relationship dissolved instigation partners reactions breakup inversely related partner pleased dissolution relationship partner upset general interest social psychologists studying ongoing relationships increasing berscheid focus describing sequence casual relationships liking turn intimate relationship loving press describing structure intimate relationship kelley research dissolution intimate relationships infancy stage undoubtedly grow continue interpersonal attraction based factors preference balanced symmetrical relationships newcomb model posits strain symmetry tend feel similarly
seen channels prejudice develops regardless develops investigators found prejudice exerts interesting disturbing influences holder prejudice victim effects prejudice offer explanation difficult change prejudiced attitudes discriminatory behavior examined effects chapters briefly review prejudice affects victim behavior deaux suggested victim behaviors consistent observer prejudices attributed stable characteristics victim ability behavior consistent observer stereotype attribute victim behavior unstable attribute luck task difficulty deaux found data supporting prediction type biased attribution serves maintain prejudice male believes women athletic attribute loss female tennis opponent due feeling lost male opponent tennis player prejudice affects processing information hamilton target prejudice refer study football game played princeton dartmouth chapter reports game princeton students saw dartmouth team behavior aggressive provocative dartmouth students viewed princeton team behavior light schofield showed white black school children pictures white black models engaged aggressive behaviors
focused studies involving situations information opponent scanty communication opponents limited tell strategies utilized overt bargaining according esser overt bargaining involves situations parties conflict divergent interests form communication parties provisional offers concessions conditions study behavior party affects party bargaining strategies develop interesting contrast positions sides attica conflict inmates strong tough demands prison officials attempted soft line giving inmates demands rarely clear exactly wanted inmates release hostages contrasting behavior raises interesting questions bargaining situations initial set demands positions affect resolution process words bargainer point view radical extreme position inmates moderate oswald investigated question subjects believe buying selling automobile subjects send messages signal agreed price actually experimenter intercepted messages supplied messages message subjects received moderately highly price wished pay automobile final price subject agreed receive pay automobile found subjects willing accept pay automobile experimenter initial bid highly moderately table
explanation received support focuses social comparison process chapter according position define develop esteem comparing group turner turner brewer desire enhance status group comparison groups effect desire increase differences ingroup outgroup perceive ingroup favorable light explanation received support studies turner brown turner brown showing greater outgroup discrimination group assignment based important personally relevant dimensions assignment irrelevant dimensions draw number conclusions intergroup relations simply assigning groups leads ingroup favoritism outgroup discrimination words formation groups plants seeds conflict effect occurs assignment random interaction intergroup members occurs expected occur group conflict increased group assignment based important relevant dimensions intergroup interaction especially form competition anticipated actually occurs division groups effects influence course conflict mentioned findings group assignment result hostility outgroup division money aimed giving ingroup greatest advantage outgroup addition consequences group assignment interesting effects perceive members group outgroup consistent findings tend members group performance outgroup
theory research concerned effects exposed noise seen situations noise effects behaviors effects occur situations adapt prolonged noise glass singer felt piece puzzle effects noise argued individuals expend psychic energy adaptation process leaves able cope subsequent environmental demands frustrations words suggested exposure noise effort test hypothesis glass singer friedman subjects tasks loud soft noise played room predictable unpredictable intervals subjects quiet room sets tasks task set insoluble puzzles proofreading task results showed strong noise subjects unpredictable noise conditions persisted insoluble puzzles subjects unpredictable noise conditions noise control condition figure subjects unpredictable noise conditions errors proofreading task subjects predictable noise control conditions glass singer reasoned noise led believe control environment result individuals felt helpless helpless individuals incentive environment task performance subjects suffered important noise hears city generally unpredictable uncontrollable
experimental results noticing physical symptoms influenced environmental characteristics interesting connection athletic contestants remark don notice bumps bruises injuries athletic competition competition ended game match absorbs attention attention paid body feelings symptoms college students lie dormitories characterized active involvement sociability residents report fewer intense symptoms students living low involvement dormitories possibly environment promotes attention symptoms body feelings environments lack interesting stimulation provide overstimulation uncontrollable facilitate noticing physical symptoms social comparison chapter information affects noticing appraising physical symptoms mere knowledge suffering symptoms attentive bodies signs similar symptoms frequently attentive discovering member family dormitory roommate contracted flu infectious illness mere availability information scan evidence scratchy throats feelings turn produce conviction suffering symptoms experiment students completed symptom checklist reading instructions sentence calling attention fact cold flu season experiment conducted winter subjects read statement subsequently reported intense physical symptoms subjects instructions omitted cold flu season statement
medical treatment spectacular extreme surgery involves radical procedures patients active participants treatment regimens occur outpatient basis involve administration medications dietary exercise plans reduction health risks treatment succeed patients expected motivated personal responsibility treatment unfortunately patients cooperation treatment recommendations termed compliance adherence low percent patients doctors advice ley haynes patients forget medications wrong dosages large small stay diets exercise programs fitfully fail eliminate salt diets quit smoking alcohol staff view cooperation problem resulting patients dispositional follow simple instructions unconscious desires thwart treatment specific situational offer tractable level analysis cf meyer patients fail cooperate simply understand recall treatment recommendations patients forget nearly half staff tell minutes told ley fail comprehend told place treatment instructions provided written form brochures patients later refer systematic studies reveal instructions technical exceed reading abilities patients ley goldman bradshaw walker wild evans
roads eastern europe western asia fallen usable crusaders religious military expeditions strove regain holy land jerusalem turks won glowing tale eastern asia told courageous knights returning recurrent crusades opening fourteenth century missionaries knew persia india china finally japan merchants polos nicolo maffeo young marco visited thirteenth century fabulous court khan china stirred imagination europeans revived east west trade disappeared luxuries orient silks precious stones silver gold necessities spices drugs carried sea head persian gulf camel caravan baghdad mediterranean northern routes china caspian branched minor roads terminating shores black sea growing trade orient italian city states venice genoa florence chiefly enriched middlemen merchant princes controlling economic domain based spices east indies silks india porcelain china rugs persia lacquer ware japan fifteenth century emerging nations western europe portugal spain france england increasingly dissatisfied conditions secured products east imperative find tap trade orient
easy exaggerate cultural achievements frontier society english america close eighteenth century colonies won political independence deeply debt intellectually spiritually peoples britain continental europe waves settlers lived england began reach american shores brought ideas traditions steadily modified predominantly english manners mores fleeing religious political persecution louis xiv revoked edict industrious french calvinists highly successful merchants craftsmen growing american ports boston york charleston felt impact french styles architecture house furnishings dress fifteen thousand huguenots revolution glimpses influence american family names bowdoin delancey delano jay faneuil revere largest streams continental europeans flowing english colonies german provinces hard working peasants dispossessed successive wars louis xiv trained skilled artisans professional pennsylvania center german settlements carried shenandoah valley piedmont region virginia north carolina commitments pietistic theology belief schools confidence power press germans colonies
dozen royal officials parliamentary leaders concerned manifested interest america efforts secure increasing revenue colonies george able conscientious chancellor exchequer thought knew help george iii solve financial problems beset enforcing trade laws scrupulously grenville hoped force colonies pay larger share imperial expenses general search warrants james otis boston famous plea frequently locate illegal shipments collect customs duties lost smuggling enlarged customs service charged enforcing molasses act imposing prohibitive duties rum spirits sugar molasses imported colonies foreign sources evaded duty foreign molasses slightly reduced refined sugar increased taxes wines silks luxuries imposed solicitation british creditors parliament forbade issuance paper money colonies preventing colonial debtors settling accounts depreciated currency grenville hoped secure considerable revenue law providing official legal documents newspapers almanacs pamphlets circulated colonies bear stamps showing tax paid attempt reduce cost military establishment compelling colonists furnish lodging supplies british troops colonial barracks inadequate resistance colonists grenville legislation violent government official expected
discovered indian america discovery effect impact discovery momentous europe america instances america discovered european navigators stumbled slightest notion found continents norse contacts america took place thousand ago bold norwegians settled iceland pushed westward stepping stone islands north atlantic established tiny settlements southern tip greenland thirteenth century thousand norse living unknown reasons lost contact europe half fifteenth century died lack food supplies thrust westward set sail iceland join father greenland mistake course south missed island ended cruising shore sure greenland flat wooded country mountains ice fact running coasts baffin island labrador land aiming greenland european saw american shores leif ericson set foot american soil sailing westward greenland boat landed baffin island south coast labrador voyagers ashore place called vinland accordance things found
peter kalm swedish naturalist traveled extensively colonies commentators glimpsed connections rapid population growth availability land wasteful exploitation natural resources population kalm wrote difficult find reasons multiply europe soon person marry provinces fear poverty tract ground uncultivated married difficulty spot ground sufficiently subsist wife children taxes low need concern account liberties enjoys considers prince possessions possessions exploited eye future europeans coming america found rich fine soil lying loose trees bed garden cut wood put heaps clear dead leaves immediately proceed ploughing loose ground easy sown corn plentiful harvest easy method getting rich crop spoiled english european inhabitants induced adopt method agriculture indians sow uncultivated grounds produce crop turn pastures soon bear hand spots ground covered immemorial woods spared fire hatchet creation
awakening quickened humanitarian spirit eighteenth century jonathan edwards defined virtue love general suggesting divine element orphans paupers indians slaves shared objects christian concern whitefield original purpose coming america establish orphanage revivalists challenge slavery institution preached person matter color conceived born sin awakening strongly implied spiritual equality blacks revival marked beginning slow effective afro americans blacks began attending revival meetings joining churches especially baptists religious egalitarianism awakening permitted encouraged rise preaching blacks eventually meant growth leadership class black communities finally christians increasing numbers blacks whites turn sought grounds distinguishing blacks quakers participate awakening society friends underwent revival mid process increasingly hostile slavery quakers led adopt view john determined humanitarian ceased admonish placing ignominious title slave dressing garments keeping servile labour dirty tends gradually fix notion mind sort nature leads consider conclusions clearly realized whites prejudiced blacks slavery prejudice intertwined
president immediately set correct regarded injustices previous administration cut federal budget struggled federalists judiciary success greatest interest positive north american continent convinced destined fall hands young republic gave destiny helping hand sending explorers approving purchase territory large doubled size united states jefferson inaugural address extended hand peace opponents republicans federalists declared statement hopeful accurate jefferson announced faith enemies republic allowed stand undisturbed monuments safety error opinion tolerated reason left free combat spoke words john adams rattling coach headed massachusetts administration federalist jefferson inauguration place federal city potomac grand plans city french architect pierre hired draw imposing plan streets city imposing streets ruts dust mud frozen pennsylvania avenue ran capitol swamp public buildings construction rest city consisted stationery shop grocer shoemaker printer tailor shop dry goods shop oyster house
marshall took opportunity strengthen opinion worcester georgia saying cherokee nation legitimate political community clearly defined territories laws georgia force citizens georgia enter cherokee consent effect marshall saying cherokee nation exist pleasure federal government single court decision jackson dominated house representatives enforcement order restrain georgia cherokees meant federal troops support marshall decision takeover indian lands continued southwestern indians retained lands subjugation florida seminoles millions acres thrown open whites indians forced westward trek known trail tears fourth died journey officials overseeing robbed money left burial rites cherokee removal critic cried faith virtue denial justice deafness screams mercy heard peace earth head federal government asserting leadership heads geographical sections congress arguing sectional differences issues divided slave free states free west free east agreements missouri compromise patched sectional developments rapidly expanding country broke open
americans jacksonian age fine arts literature aristocratic painting sculpture corrupt despotic courts europe environment found usefulness arts surprising samuel morse turned mechanical inventions spending half struggling artist american artists began careers artisans mechanics sculptor hiram powers worked cincinnati organ factory wax statues turning art career power pleased critics praised art uplifting artists invited contemplate native forests rivers sunsets inspired soul visions ideal beautiful immortal english painter thomas cole famous america period romantic hudson river catskill mountain scenes american contemporaries hudson river school painted scenic wonders grand mode realistic school landscape painters emerged caught character horses buffalo indians early settlers plains real flavor frontier catlin alfred jacob miller change national attitude fine arts observed wealthy patrons larger cities began support talented painters sculptors architects decades civil war york city philadelphia boston competed establishing academies artists began exhibit private public galleries schools design appeared magazines devoted fine arts gothic style architecture popular
abraham lincoln stood oath office march secession fact southern confederacy formed important federal properties fallen rebel hands greater territory existing confederacy remained issue upper south virginia maryland north carolina delaware torn conflict individuals families neighborhoods wrestled alternatives farther west border states tennessee kentucky arkansas missouri actual battles fought allegiance north south established states president inaugural address awaited early speech lincoln stressed perfect union established constitution sharpest words rebels mere motion lawfully union acts violence authority united states revolutionary according circumstance mails repelled lincoln added continue furnished parts union president conciliatory office nature allowed chief executive bound enforce federal regulations including requiring return fugitive slaves states say objections proposed constitutional amendment guaranteeing federal government interfere domestic institutions states including slavery constitutional obligations hand required hold occupy possess property places belonging government collect duties american port performing acts needs bloodshed violence forced national authority
appomattox planters assembled blacks left acknowledged freedom asked wages shares crop lived close contact white folks facing uncertain future vaguely defined freedom emancipated slaves difficult decisions remained places relations owned adequately paid labor left support need test freedom kind action prove free direct quickest test leave plantation newly freed slave explained master stay free leaving expected improve economic prospects hoped locate family members separated slavery expected greater freedom settling nearest town throw lifetime bondage black women adopted priorities ranging dramatic breaks past subtle significant demeanor behavior move postwar choosing remain familiar surroundings find ways exercising freedom worked fields kitchens south carolina white woman slave person
born farm wisconsin garland accompanied family migrated iowa dakota territory left east seeking writer teacher later returned visit osage iowa spent youth house visited individual message sordid struggle half hidden despair agnes married moved dakota bess girlish shoulders burdens wifehood motherhood girlhood reached period bloom addition cook mother nurse looked worn chairs faded rag carpets sagging sofas bare walls pitiful house prison thought days radiant girlhood throat filled rebellious pain gilding farm melted hard bitter realities flood nature beautiful splendor cloud grace sunset conceal poverty contrary brought intolerable homes sordid quality mechanical daily routine lives perceived beautiful youth bowed bent saw lovely girlhood wasting thin hopeless age women known withered querulous complaining heard ambitious youth cursing bondage farm
accept darwin ideas necessarily accept social implications stressed popularizers outspoken opponents spencer american followers sociologist lester ward rejected theory physical social phenomena capable human control pointed superiority selectivity natural breeding agriculture ward believed social planning welcomed government intervention social matters democratic government operating interests permit truer individualism breaking monopolies strangled opportunity ward major dynamic sociology sold copies ten henry george activist ward reached larger audience rejected spencer talk survival fittest progress depended human association social equality unleashed person creative powers inequality prevailed civilization declined george saw proof california native philadelphia frontier society california simple egalitarian transformed eyes wealthy stratified society george felt poverty progress system private land ownership land largely matter accident land metropolitan york grown costly presence population worth millions dollars acre land grew lived george argued profit return public form tax unearned increase land values resulting favorable location improvements transportation production community development leave ownership land private hands socialize rent
president diaz dictator mexico overthrown revolutionary coalition led liberal idealist francisco unable organize government rapidly revolutionaries suppressed february general huerta arranged assassination european governments recognized huerta regime american business interests large investments mexican industry urged wilson likewise wilson refused ground huerta free government resting consent governed departure american policy recognizing governments power gave united states responsibility deciding governments pure wilson confident judgment promised britain protect oil interests mexico abandon huerta britain huerta government failed collapse wilson hoped offered help huerta constitutionalist forces carranza carranza wanted support yankees huerta regime stood wilson found unable redeem pledge mexico guarantee constitutional government country incident occurred april gave wilson excuse direct intervention huerta officers arrested crew american vessel landed government lines tampico americans promptly released expressions regret commander american squadron demanded formal apology huerta refused wilson took huerta action insult united states asked congress authority win apology force congress act wilson learned german steamer arrive vera cruz load ammunition huerta government
social revolution envisaged feminists failed materialize progressive era program set anticipated demands women movements harper cooley writer journalist mother active struggle suffrage outlined program abolition arbitrary handicaps calculated prevent woman economic independence woman future married single absolutely free earn livelihood receive equal pay equal service younger feminists consider rapidly approaching supported return sexual privileges mere general housekeeping paid motherhood morally revolting respecting wife opportunity women serve civic capacities municipal educational institutional reform boards juries function service sex children demand single standard morality interpreted arbitrarily meaning strictly puritanical standard loose standard merely means unjust persecuting discrimination women offender woman offend abolition white slavery prostitution form age insistence ownership woman manifestations real phases marriage poor creature sequestered absolute prisoner houses cities activity expression creating social ideals unhampered superstitions
kennedy hoped identify country power political ideals strength social values warned lulled believing soviet union china yielded ambitions domination accepted basic premise cold war tragic ironies kennedy attempts find approaches foreign policy advantages living cultures governments tried apply political solutions limited international incidents felt obliged build armed services big stick reduce likelihood extreme provocation admitting stop rapid development instruments massive retaliation military expenditures billion mark korean conflict kennedy steps pursuit flexible response foreign policy peace corps young women volunteer technical skills help underdeveloped nations creative diplomacy imaginative president response continuing trouble latin america determined try stop spread kennedy march outlined plan modeled marshall plan alliance progress latin american nations united states assistance nations expected put practice needed land reforms accelerate economic development proposing program kennedy administration predecessors successors bolstered repressive regimes primary virtue unwavering commitment communism suggested inconsistency political bankruptcy response united states revolutionary upheavals cuba southeast asia provided tragic confirmation
dispatches news correspondent michael herr wrote devastating personal accounts vietnam war knew division range took pills fistful downs left pocket tiger suit ups cut trail send told cooled things jungle night looking starlight scope sure give range tour survivor platoon wiped going la valley special forces morning ambush hidden bodies team walked knives making sure stripped bodies gear berets finally laughing left war hack told home sit room stick hunting rifle window leading cars passed house feeling aware tip finger put folks real uptight story told pointed resonant war story heard took understand
reagan won nation increasingly white middle class voting population effectively buried deal coalition south black voters remained loyal democratic party election results overwhelming triumph reagan revealed low voter turnout percent eligible voters choosing participate president entered white house received landslide percent electorate reagan election expected success republicans securing control senate twenty ideological makeup senators confirmed election impressive triumph conservative principles reagan chose cabinet dominated businessmen shared political philosophy alexander haig choice secretary ideally suited reagan commitment tougher foreign policy things worse war haig told senate committee vowed united states enter war prepared win inauguration ended haig reagan unleashed verbal attack soviet union heard days cold war don subscribe sense morality reagan soviets don believe afterlife don believe god religion morality recognize advance socialism reagan haig clear united states future flexible applying human rights standards friendly governments reagan haig announced end detente president turned pressing economic matters called worst economic mess depression
carl sandburg wrote yes fifty ago think saying poem saying worker depends workers thanking american helping daily jobs agree carl sandburg feel working helping workers need need workers hardware store clerk put products shelves truck driver delivered factory workers delivery truck power plant supplied factory electricity construction workers built power plant workers bought tools hardware store job responsibilities worker helps workers jobs clerk truck driver construction worker feel working need earn living workers need food clothing housing live want things lives enjoyable tv set vacation air conditioner earn money care needs wants americans thousands jobs farms factories offices roads air underwater underground worked moon kinds workers united states producers manufactured goods farm products producers services store united states american workers manufactured hand machine products sale grocery store fill cart things eat apples cereal milk
lines latitude longitude directions north south east west cardinal directions north north pole south south pole east face north west left face north maps show directions arrow pointing north lines pointing directions maps north position check direction arrows map course place directly north south east west places northeast southeast southwest northwest look map pages find ocean west find iowa map direction minnesota iowa direction washington oregon northeastern denver colorado richmond virginia map page road map shows part texas map key tells symbols map mean key shows sizes cities kinds roads highway heading west houston interstate highway highway northwest houston austin highway interstate highways connect major cities country national highways national highways live texas map find route heading south houston kind highway highways home map shows ways figure distance bar scale miles
natural vegetation region map page help show examples vegetation soil climate change atlantic coastal plain region climate hot summer mild winter needle trees pine mix broad trees maple oak trees grow appalachian highlands parts canadian shield interior plains western half interior plains plains mainly grassland region intermountain region hot dry climate variety bushes shrubs cacti cool moist rocky mountain pacific mountain regions needle forests parts mexico central america climate moist warm tropical forests mahogany coconut palm completely type vegetation found frozen northern plains alaska area called tundra vegetation region grasses shrubs mosses small plants grow vegetation map shows diversity plant north america differences soil climate plants read main kinds grow region types bushes flowers grasses grow regions north america million hurry guardrail stare silence grand canyon stretches hundred miles point eighteen miles wide visitors wonder part answer lies mile guardrail twisting line colorado river
serve god rich spanish explorer reason coming france england countries explore settle agreed settlers wanted teach indians christian wanted find gold silver felt rich owning land settlers countries customs culture lands claimed north america spanish explorers called spain lands colonies spain colony settlement leave country settle land colony ruled country settlers lands claimed spain present florida juan ponce de leon explored florida spanish explorers searched gold tried find fountain youth waters supposed young failed find gold fountain set colony colony set florida belonged france spain group french settlers find place live worship freedom colony named fort caroline spain want lose florida pedro menendez led spanish soldiers attack fort caroline destroying settlement built fort nearby start city st augustine oldest city united states spain interested starting colonies decided move land explored coronado
seen english navy harbor amsterdam english ordered dutch turn colony dutch strong army navy fight gave colony english king england gave netherland duke york duke changed colony main city york gave part land friends formed colony called jersey king england gave large piece land englishman named william penn penn land located south york west jersey called pennsylvania penn woods penn wanted land main city philadelphia free colony benefit mankind rights responsibilities welcome country pennsylvania beginning quakers religious group english government give money english church refused fight england wars penn quaker penn received piece land duke york gave penn land known sweden known colony delaware colonists york jersey delaware pennsylvania common lived land deep rich soil farmers unlike england living produced large crops grains wheat corn rye barley
protests worked english government ended stamp tax place government started tax tea paper lead glass english soldiers colonies enforce taxes matters worse york refused pay tax give food housing english soldiers calm colonists england removed taxes tea colonists knew meant england saying power tax colonists england didn want pushed colonies ship carrying load tea boston harbor sons liberty saw chance let england felt taxes night dressed indians boarded ship poured hundred crates tea harbor boston tea party event called delighted americans wanted break england english government saw things differently england passed laws meant punish colonists massachusetts soldiers peace colonists ordered feed house abigail adams boston invaded fleets armies businesses ruined courts justice closed driven boston thousands need charity neighbors daily supply food civil war threatens hand chains slavery ready growing number americans believed words taxation
whites thought west promised land indians lived indians saw land living thing land children soil trees animals things share things indians felt white understand indians ideas land white settlers felt natural chop trees room fields felt natural put lasting homes fences white settlers felt land white settlers moved land west appalachian mountains tecumseh chief shawnees told white settlers land remain peace continue asked indians stand white settlers today powerful tribes vanished snow summer sun struggle give homes country dear sacred cry tecumseh forces battled army led william henry harrison tippecanoe creek indiana map side won victory indians white settlers pulled war started indians helped england fight americans indians thought english help white settlers war tecumseh fought english general killed battle thames canada hope uniting indians white settlers died
slater memorized plans making machines spin thread raw cotton leave england disguise illegal plans knew leave england england want share machines rest england started big change change nation technology technology tools knowledge things help meet needs wants england started industrial nation began machines animals machines powered water steam change cotton cloth england thousands women working homes factory workers cotton cloth machines manufacturing cost lot money money build factories machines tools called capital capital england factories provided wealthy business joined form companies companies afford spend money individuals company idea worked machines cloth working homes cloth sold england countries big change england technology called industrial revolution slater brought ideas revolution united states partner started cotton mill factory rhode island lot money mill soon slater started company copied ideas
slaves worked cotton plantations south kind job manage plantation slaves worked homes white slaveholders cooked cleaned raised slaveholder children worked carpenters blacksmiths skilled jobs slaves worked planting raising harvesting cotton bundled cotton shipment mills northern united states england southern slaves jobs whites north south difference slaves rarely paid received food clothing housing owners decided give slaves lived houses owners lived cabins homes slaveholders lives slaves free differed ways slaves marry owner approval approval slaves sure families husbands wives children sold separately owners slaves needed passes travel place place allowed gather groups larger slaves supposed taught read write slaves feel treatment slaves answered question knew rest worked morning till late night field chop wood hoe corn till felt surely break master whip didn
pioneers called american desert shook heads disbelief godforsaken headed past territory oregon california group pioneers looked plains differently saw land missouri river rocky mountains garden saw promised land migrated west pioneers sang song country don feel alarm uncle sam rich give farm song uncle sam meaning united states giving land according homestead act claim acres land land free free crop produced didn matter land free selling acre rushed kinds americans black white rich poor settled homesteads pioneers europe russians norwegians swedes irish germans spoke word english land thing settlers noticed land trees wood building houses brought rail costly settlers chose build homes natural resource sod cut blocks grass dirt stacked walls branches covered sod served roof pioneers called land chose live summer land baked degree temperatures
inventions average person easier enjoyable inventions helped businesses grow inventions form machines helped manufacturers produce goods faster machines helped shoe industry machines quickly sewed upper part shoe sole shoes money machines boring dull factory worker workers factories farms hours end working factory farm workers jobs shoe factory worker job week week factory workers businesses similar experiences woman worked canning factory side side rows tens twenties stand tables waiting clock whistle blow job easy place lid paper tin jar top cork press hands tossing cover pan corner machinery groans roars move sounds machines filling washing wiping packing part offering energy hour passes hours fit ten twenty fifty dozen caps energy keeps twelve clock whistle blows herd big dining room places
americans busy things home settling west starting businesses farming lands west settled american farms factories producing americans began look borders interested gaining markets countries sell surplus extra farm factory goods americans buy raw materials factories americans wanted show countries united states strong nation wide interests americans remembered president washington advice getting involved countries chapter read america interests led greater involvement countries overseas markets power ideas united states europeans spain france england goals setting colonies latin america africa asia easy european countries trade areas africa latin america range shipping companies large navies asia suez canal opened shipping mediterranean red sea meant ships europe longer africa asia united states want left growing trade place united states naturally looked trade latin america caribbean looking map
indians lived told stories gold diamonds wealth spanish believed stories named land costa rica rich coast wealth found costa rica jewel central america costa rica lasting government costa ricans resources wisely strong growing economy find costa rica map page costa ricans live central plateau plateau found mountain range runs costa rica land rich volcanic soil climate stays round climate soil perfect growing coffee sugar cacao bananas identify products map page geography climate natural resources similar found central american countries neighbors costa rica political makes costa rica central american countries large plantations feeling working case costa rica small landowners costa rica small farmers satisfaction working helping plantation owner wealthier democracy important costa ricans gained independence spain proud democracy racial equality ideals remained strong government costa ricans feel strongly education public schools formed today costa rica read write
past transportation reached remote areas south america project helped unite pan american highway begun road reaches mexico argentina brazil connects united states highways reaches canada highway built united effort countries western hemisphere road rough passages opened areas reached highway covers miles let trip pan american highway visit parts south america stop drive south peru high andes mountains drive brilliant blue lake titicaca children herding llamas village petra job indian children ago find children home map sun bright mountain air cold wears wool shawl slung wool shawl woven mother clipped wool llama spun wool yarn ancient spindle dyed wool wove pattern family woven generations folds petra shawl carries sheepskin water bag hard cheese cooked potatoes lunch children early morning bring llamas grazing ground llamas carry produce family small strip farmland village today grazing
traveling north pan american highway pass uruguay enter nation brazil nation south america brazil land huge frontiers desert plains steaming jungles amazon river brazil land contrasts truly live side side historic brazil blends future dreams rugged western cattle ranches modern city brasilia inside brazil follow highway past lively city rio de head inland brazilian low mountains plateau region destination cacao plantation brazilian bahia crops grown brazilian plantations brought wealth poverty landowners workers brazilian economy cacao coffee tobacco cotton crops plantations prosper planters alternate crops land exhausted brazilian farmers learned rotate crops avoid tracts land wealthy drive bahia rows rows cacao trees workers dressed white homespun cotton pants shirts picking ripe cacao beans load beans baskets slung donkeys backs scene taking place seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth century workers lead donkeys main road twentieth century takes modern trucks built brazil auto industry wait crops markets city salvador trading center brazil connection market hundred drive past cacao groves houses workers main house stands center cacao groves
europe century change kings queens send explorers exciting lands atlantic inspired europeans dream america place find europe offered fitting ferdinand isabella spain columbus voyage america king queen symbols forces enabled explorers ferdinand isabella unified spain effective kingdom power force sponsor explorers columbus voyages pattern change creation strong nationwide governments took place europe middle ages nobles princes ruled local areas beginning kings queens earlier power real rulers expense local nobles monarchs power money send ships explorers growing sense nationality pride belonging nation spurred ruler subjects compete countries race create colonies overseas countries middle class merchants bankers wealth political rights helped monarchs defeat nobles wished maintain power merchants eager expand trade routes asia america invest money find sources wealth dreams monarchs merchants reality age progress science technology
colonies england royal colonies governed directly english monarch joint stock companies original proprietors large land grants turned responsibility governing provinces crown order attract settlers original owners colonies promised colonists form government colonial assemblies monarch took control charge colonists part government colony requirement voter amount property cast ballot course women vote greater participation politics government america settlers known europe colonists delight making miserable governors england part kind settled colonies descendants unhappy english government church home inherited suspicion motives royal policies important laws adopted english parliament london colonial assemblies york city philadelphia direct effect everyday frontier settlers depended royal army protect colonial indians southern planters ruined change trade policies london merchants boston york affected england decisions maintain peace nations colonial merchants traded politics colony lively affair tidewater planters fought country farmers groups wealthy argued rights receive land grants favors crown
roots governments traced committees correspondence developed colony local committees originally chosen coordinate protests british public opinion turned royal governors committees powers government colonies established congresses conventions continued supervise resistance crown acted legislatures regular law making bodies soon special groups legal authority took functions royal governors assemblies created colonies charters break england drew clear informal congresses needed organization full authority govern continental congress passed resolution calling local congress provide permanent governments states states south carolina hampshire virginia jersey adopted constitutions soon suit constitutions adopted rhode island connecticut simply decided colonial charters removing references england monarch massachusetts charter constitution drawn approved constitution idea constitutions revolutionary american leaders studied works european writers john locke montesquieu believed firmly political society based written description government powers limitations constitution separate ordinary laws legislature pass
witnessed quiet orderly period adams administration half nation rushed capital peal shouting arose rent air shake ground observer andrew jackson inauguration president united states age jackson begin jackson supporters crowded white house celebrate hero inauguration destroyed furniture broke glassware beginning reign king mob triumphant expression united states democratic earlier rise jackson presidency symbolized process perfectly term jacksonian democracy identify period part american dream image poor boy making fighting top humble beginnings andrew jackson certainly orphan limited education jackson lawmaker tennessee judge congressman finally president west risen masses rough frontiersman rich slaves occupy elegant mansion jackson terms office represent chicken egg controversy jackson extend democracy presidential terms success jacksonians result expression democracy historians disagree national level jacksonian democracy symbolized developments spoils system bank war
slavery conditions varied slaves lived northern factory workers matter material conditions lives slaves denied basic human control lives tale slave escaped north questioned conditions lived explained fed clothed hour lunch hours sleep encouraged read write forced overtime owner opposed physical punishment beaten run asked assure replied position want job slave fate hands owner house servant field hand agricultural worker field hand overseer manager plantation cruel kind light skinned dark male female young weak strong factors influenced treated master mistress needed funds conditions change instantly husband wife parents children sold family black americans slavery bad dream seemingly end vast majority black united states million trapped south slaves half million blacks free north slavery longer existed south
began jefferson davis abraham lincoln knew determined course war abroad hope aid south eighteen months war european merchants felt pinch union blockade south warehouses bulged raw cotton bought earlier bargain prices opened loss southern cotton began real economic hardships europe lincoln emancipation proclamation september helped union england executive order directed slaves freed rebelling states british working unwilling government sides north union civil war crusade slavery charles francis adams united states minister london needed skill patience prevent confederates gaining favorable treatment bring badly needed foreign aid south war destroyed confederate military large part lincoln found generals understood kind war union engaged north vain attempts capture richmond reflected demands public opinion classic methods military strategy mcclellan burnside lee learned classrooms west point teachers drawn theories baron henri historian napoleonic wars stressed importance capturing enemy capital necessity taking offensive open battles theories neglected demands modern warfare
devout baptist sunday school teacher midwest john rockefeller fortune meat grain wholesaler civil war turning attention infant oil industry partners built efficient plants undersell competition profit ruthless unscrupulous businessman rockefeller sell loss order bankrupt competition area raise prices high competition eliminated gained large share oil market forced railroads give secret rebates partial refunds rates paid oil shipped cases obtained rebates oil shipped competitors carnegie rockefeller tried control aspects industry days oil carried market barrels built factories barrel making railroad tank cars developed rockefeller worked special rates railroads crude oil oil pipelines rockefeller bought pipelines able control distribution rockefeller efforts control aspects production oil known vertical integration industry vertical integration meant controlled step crude oil earth turned refined oil kerosene sold consumer rockefeller wasn satisfied vertical integration wanted control entire oil industry lawyers invented industrial trust set standard oil company
non indian immigrants english colonies later formed united states small groups hundred early population british colonies doubled twenty revolution part settlers young american born children contributed rapid population growth slow steady flow immigrants europe captives africa greater source expanding population colonial period million africans forcibly brought country congress outlawed importation slaves slaves smuggled united states date number africans brought radically declined approximately chinese japanese immigrants entered america nineteenth century white approximately million canada million europe flow immigrants europe slow decades nineteenth century began increase rapidly europe industrial agricultural revolutions began upset lives factories began mass producing goods thousands home businesses failed similarly european landowners began join small farms consolidated estates tens thousands families uprooted problems caused economic revolutions compounded massive population explosion fueled medical discoveries decreased infant mortality lengthened span europe continent move moved countryside city country europe continents
genevieve de leo parents emigrated chicago italy remembered americanization process father chicago found italian looking word hired knew english bosses didn want couldn speak language mother learned english fast survive wanted successful american parents knew italian wanted sisters speak english funny gossip italians neighborhood older speak italian try speak english learned italian folks early italian immigrant enrico argued favor cultural pluralism book social religious italians america children foreign extraction learn english school language parents soon forget result home destroyed sad notice patronizing attitude child assumes father mother months public school opinion preserve home children immigrants teach language history fathers country women ready sacrifice personal interest sake country
thousands books written reason nations war summer underlying included rivalries colonies trade rights eagerness generals arms manufacturers create armies developing spirit nationalism peoples europe empires europe divided groups allies france russia england formed triple entente germany hungarian empire italy formed triple alliance relations groups strained spark light fire open warfare spark balkans states serbia greece montenegro romania gained independence turkish empire serbia began free slavic neighbors austria hungary major imperial power region russia encouraged activities hoped gain control straits dardanelles access mediterranean route controlled turkey austria trouble austria turkey benefit russia crises early led worsening relations serbia austria situation grew dangerously tense austrians encouraged germany serbians encouraged russia snapped scenes france britain watched uneasily treaty obligations russia pull open conflict tension erupted sunny city sarajevo town austrian province bosnia part yugoslavia june heir hungarian throne archduke francis ferdinand shot killed young bosnian nationalist trained serbia austrian government delivered message serbia demanding suppress nationalistic activities submit supervision austrian officials
republican administrations warren harding calvin coolidge america began return laissez faire economic policies antitrust prosecutions vanished court decisions tended favor management labor government policies tended favor business wartime measures limited power business controlled accumulation wealth reversed war instance federal government national railroad system peace railroad unions urged government continue run transportation system congress adopted transportation act rail lines returned private control congress grant interstate commerce commission specific powers regulating railroads wartime taxes reduced income taxes higher brackets cut drastically policies pumped money market investment businesses rich quick schemes speculators stock market purchase margin meant put ten percent stock price stock prices increased margin buying resulted profits greater paid full price stock stock prices increased rapidly twenties entered stock market risked money playing market national pastime results baseball games impressed increasing stocks banks lent money invest market prosperity assured industry invested putting part profits modern research laboratories scientists sure america factories latest techniques ready newest products
knew country midst worst depression knew happened economists clear picture disaster looking historians economists offered explanations optimistic spirit companies overproduced techniques machines production efficient displaced workers sales companies expected sales trouble buy fast goods produced soon large stockpiles unsold appliances cars workers began laid income workers longer purchases inability buy goods caused businesses suffer workers laid unemployment led unemployment america farmers shared boom meant substantial number americans lacked buying power purchase cars radios nation factories produced sense group americans real unemployment fact danger overproduction real country richer wealth concentrated hands rate profits investments higher increases wages instance corporate dividends percent buying power worker wages rose percent rich savings invest production cars appliances goods average wage earner afford buy goods addition wealthy invested money stock market
carson book silent spring generated interest ecology study interdependence living things relationship environment americans concerned degree pollution automobiles factories industrial wastes sewage rapid rate nation consuming natural resources issue organizations friends earth sierra club audubon society effectively aroused public concern laws passed sixties government establish environmental protection agency council environmental quality consumers group increasingly dissatisfied groups began demand stricter control advertising enforcement product guarantees government testing products clear labeling processed foods medicines number laws passed establishing safety standards automobiles requiring clear labeling packaged goods eventually establishing office consumer affairs success intensity black movement change encouraged ethnic groups organize sixties saw puerto ricans mexican americans american indians japanese americans chinese americans filipino americans organize demand recognition needs group favored integration large society favored separatism college campuses scene unrest demonstrations half nations colleges universities experienced form organized protest war protests challenged authority college administrations relevancy curriculums famous occured university california berkeley columbia university mario leader movement berkeley demanded political speakers allowed campus
nixon president determined reverse liberal trends preceding president begin term opposition party control houses congress believed protest unhappiness social legislation conservative cabinet signaled turn choices white male pro business crime rates reported fbi climbed steadily president nixon moved quickly fulfill pledge restore law order declaring war crime laws passed halt spread organized crime violence increase penalties sale illegal drugs federal funds provided strengthen local police departments controversial law lower crime rate district columbia permitted preventive detention denial bail habitual criminals granted police freedom conducting searches nixon believed liberal rulings supreme court earl warren chief justice contributed problem gideon wainwright directed states provide lawyer defendant afford miranda arizona required police inform suspect prior questioning remain silent lawyer present questioning decisions limits evidence police powers conduct searches nixon promised change tone warren court appointing strict favored narrow interpretation constitution warren retired nixon appointed warren burger chief justice
republicans controlled senate political observers doubted president reagan succeed democratic controlled house displayed sure touch congress number conservative democrats deserted party received news major legislative success passage requested budget cuts recovering chest wound suffered attempted assassination march twenty john jr tried kill president order gain love young hollywood budget cuts totaling billion approved congress cuts entitlement programs government programs provided individuals benefits fulfilled requirements affecting tens millions americans programs included social security aid families dependent children medicare medicaid food stamps veterans benefits unemployment compensation cuts signaled shift basic policies federal government forty expanding programs include americans hundreds thousands americans disqualified stricter requirements later congress passed largest tax cut nation history personal income taxes reduced percent period taxes dividends interest inheritances reduced nation businesses received cuts tax rates tax credits full effects reagan economic policies determined spring short term results apparent nation entered recession unemployment reached percent gnp gross national product declining administration admitted projection balanced budget met
trip passed places place community community place live live kinds communities look maps pages map shows community look line drawn community line shows shape inside line part community map shows communities find marked dots community place community partly buildings stores schools churches factories offices homes important community community formed live imagine walking community store driving cars walk stop park play airport railroad part community community built place live play community walking strange community think looks community live difference true community stores school street live building house live community exactly community exactly
want museum asked lopez space ships answered gloria dinosaurs steven lopez replied let map find exhibits maps globes show things show places map answer questions dinosaur exhibit floor museum place eat lunch museum maps show earth oceans earth atlantic pacific arctic indian oceans continents north america south america europe asia africa australia antarctica find continents oceans map continent live special kind map round earth called globe globe water blue land shown colors colors show size shape country find united states classroom globe look page photo overhead looking earth drawing map photo buildings roads trees map symbols symbols stand real things map symbols colors lines dots small pictures maps key tells symbols mean maps titles explain map map look title key map page answer questions symbol stands building grass trees color symbol roads map find roads photo map trace finger
lester schneider calls town farming community farms danube farms danube farmers danube buy seeds farmers bring grain danube harvest bring grain elevator stored safe dry sold farmers borrow money pay machines goods danube bank buy tools danube hardware store danube important farmers live farmers important danube town spend money send children danube school farms nearby danube businesses care farmers needs small towns care needs small towns northeastern coast united states canneries fish ocean cleaned washed packed cans towns earn living fishing towns businesses care needs small towns grow ranches forests cut trees things wood towns mines kinds small towns towns things found danube communities school place eat banks lester stays school takes wrestling lessons lester hopes school team older night goes school watch high school basketball team lights early danube farmers
schools important america massachusetts town fifty families teacher reading writing later united states country pieces land saved schools pioneers started farms ranches pioneers open wanted places children school nebraska trees plenty grass prairie prairie large area flat land grass trees dug pieces grass earth called sod sod build houses schools finding teacher hard pay low school paid teacher twenty dollars month teachers pioneers farms ranches young women young fifteen community place teacher live teacher lived families schoolchildren stay week family move families children teacher longer families child school teacher books cost lot money books blackboards write teacher students tablets thin pieces rock called slate small school room children young fifteen sixteen teachers gave students special jobs teacher group
amish lesson read told things beliefs rules amish farmers dress lesson didn cover lesson pages left questions wonder amish children free wonder games play amish celebrate holidays family celebrates questions don need wondering answer lot questions checking books wanted find growing amish boy girl enjoy book called shoo fly girl learn amish ways read amish wedding florence rowland find books begin looking card file school library book library card filled card includes subject title author book cards filed alphabetically title author subject means find book looking subject re interested amish title book shoo fly girl author cards file numbers letters tell books found library re library detective able find book libraries signs showing books series numbers letters located
settlers georgia thirteen colonies england parts north america settled french dutch later country history united states countries entered country gateway called ellis island york harbor ellis island opened nearly hundred ago closed million entered country ellis island left run opened museum part statue liberty national monument visited island parents grandparents entered united states ellis island part united states means place found freedom president ronald reagan announced plan restore island wanted repair buildings americans stayed today americans schoolchildren business leaders collecting money project ellis island reminder home country helped strong savannah today modern city shiny office buildings apartment buildings reach sky walk savannah today pictures past savannah decided save history city formed group called historic savannah group studied city found savannah historic buildings places help government savannah historic savannah began restore city
groups rules hundred ago separate nations iroquois indians decided join formed league iroquois later sixth indian nation joined league nations want join lived independently nations fought iroquois chief finally persuaded nations form league chief hiawatha hiawatha paddled canoe nation nation urging indians live peace told nations stronger joined hiawatha helped draw rules league council members chosen nation nation vote council called longhouse rules arguments nations settled peacefully rules league written council remembered rules passed parents children women played parts league chiefs sat council women chose chief nation council chiefs decided ways solve problems settle arguments women decided discussed council chiefs jobs women remove council early american colonists knew league united states nation drew rules council
communities choose leaders voting mayor council members leaders elected kinds leaders community kinds community groups improve communities pay groups volunteers business groups want community place live try businesses move community provide jobs kind business group chamber commerce members clubs lions rotary try find ways serve communities called service clubs religious groups serve communities christmas santa claus suits collecting money street corners volunteers church groups helping need neighborhoods volunteer leaders improve streets sidewalks plant trees flowers clean local park street help neighborhood safer volunteers important effect communities san francisco woman named hernandez found rent apartments families children thought children noisy hernandez angry formed group change things wanted san francisco law apartment owners rent families children hernandez group worked finally law passed hard hernandez says wanted san francisco place families live volunteer leader leonard minneapolis helped start citizen league moving suburbs city caused problems
constitution writers knew goes things change set constitution fact ten amendments added constitution times past rights experiences feel strongly rights ten amendments rights freedoms amendment protects worship pleased says groups stay write want don hurt purpose amendments protect rights accused crimes ten amendments spell rights american called bill rights country choose representatives laws return agree obey laws obeying laws responsibilities duties citizen citizens responsibilities vote law makes vote law vote person vote matters leaders chosen voting vote let important decisions citizens responsibility learn things voting newspapers magazines tell things important community country television radio programs things affect community country vote wisely aware things
seasons enjoy simple question easy answer answer movement earth earth spins rotates imaginary line called axis dotted line globe shows location earth axis takes twenty hours earth complete turn axis turning rotation earth night earth spinning axis moving orbit path sun trip revolution sun takes actually trip sun takes days leap extra added calendar february extra days earth revolution sun tilt axis makes seasons drawing page help notice drawing matter earth trip sun axis tilted means parts earth surface amounts sunlight times part earth pointing directly sun strongest sunlight strong sunlight brings warm season part points sun weaker sunlight brings cold season places close poles nome alaska biggest strengths sunlight makes seasons kinds weather
constitution united states written community began miles west start los place community miles pacific ocean stream dry area nearly desert today los largest cities lush gardens cool swimming pools city grow walnut orange lemon trees los town fewer twenty later happened los increased choices finding sources water die bad droughts terrible forest fires broke hills city water put fires los river looked bed sand river beneath sandy river bed ran underground streams drilled deep earth brought water pipes ditches pipelines carried water needed water helped los grow moved los water needed irish immigrant named william heads city water department idea wanted bring water los side sierra nevada sierra nevada mountain range miles later los voted support william plan charge building giant aqueduct aqueduct large pipe brings water distance
place country place couldn houses cars roads telephones idea thousands ago started settle communities towns cities lived groups twenty thirty early didn live spot round moved place place hunted animals searched wild roots fruits vegetables food gave spot moved lived hunting gathering discovered grow crops raise animals meant wander search food began live place places communities communities natural gathering places grew paths crossed path river met farmers trade farm goods things needed special skills gathered trade traded woven baskets wood bowls pottery knives tools farm goods growth communities meant hunter farmer communities begin communities change ways living communities attract communities archaeologists found answers found remains communities grew dry rugged land central turkey thousand ago thousand lived houses puzzled archaeologists
detroit mayor coleman young tried ways solve detroit problems talked business leaders tried stay city asked national government money help detroit asked groups hold conventions detroit conventions bring lot money city plan build group office buildings hotel downtown detroit city money pay buildings henry ford ii head ford motor company asked business leaders help pay project didn want afraid money wasted finally fifty large companies agreed group buildings opened called renaissance center word renaissance means birth detroit hoped mean start city improvements detroit businesses began build rent apartments planned downtown area part street roofed shopping mall nice place shop shopping center suburbs detroit city wanted detroit nickname calling renaissance city renaissance beginning detroit problems solved rebuilding downtown need jobs car makers trying rebuild car industry factories closed stores offices jobs finding problem detroit city important suburbs
imagine build city kinds homes office buildings services brazil largest country south america built capital city called brasilia took today million live empty plain land brazil brazilians lived atlantic coast capital rio de leaders brazil wanted country grow coast part country mineral resources iron diamonds surveyors airplanes flew brazil chose place center brazil build city thick jungles building city hard roads small field built airplanes surveyors flew mark buildings streets supplies workers flown thousands workers build city town built house brasilia planners wanted city problems designed group apartment buildings live small town suburb stores school church theater club meet gardens planned wide streets april brazil opened capital living brasilia city planners countries knew end story watched city problems
americans today live urban areas areas grew moved small towns farms live cities late happened moved small towns rural areas moved want live big city small towns learned lester schneider pleasant places live worry move small towns problems big cities houses buildings built fast small towns rapid growth open spaces disappear town york problem east hampton island piece land sticks atlantic ocean rich farmland town fact farmers famous potatoes grow farmland east hampton buying farmland building homes bought large pieces land plenty space houses east hampton didn want stop moving town didn want lose open space plan thought space build house house large piece land houses grouped piece land story apartment building grouped homes group houses attached plan called cluster housing
mornings wakes sleeps mattress rests directly floor room net protects mosquitos thrive warm wet weather mother prepares breakfast makes rice tea fact rice eaten meals thailand say rice invite friends meal put sorts delicious things rice curry curry ground spices mixed meat fish vegetables put rice loves curry coconut milk breakfast cousin straighten blankets put mosquito netting goes water tank yard electric water pump brings water tank family washing washes clothes wednesdays sundays family members helps household chores goes school chiang mai largest city thailand order school rides motor scooter nearby town takes bus studies english french health social studies science math buddhism likes french says want tour guide older knowing french help school mother works house fields father spends fields addition charge village water pump
makes night seasons earth movements things earth rotates turns constantly rotates axis imaginary line runs earth north pole south pole diagram hours earth makes complete turn rotation earth night rotation earth affects location measured noon sun directly overhead noon occurs exactly place meridian meridian degree longitude noon sun slightly miles travels east west earth sun countries standard standard divides earth zones hour cross zone change clock travel west gain means move clock hour travel east lose hour move clock ahead hour twelve hours twelve hours noon hours noon called abbreviation ante means ante middle guess meaning post earth spins axis revolves moves sun takes earth revolution sun diagram shows earth revolving sun
natural vegetation region part earth surface types plants grow wide area plant natural region grows help group vegetation regions main categories forests grassland desert tundra mixtures plant grow region grasses grow forests clumps trees live grasslands vegetation region named kinds plants typical area broadleaf forests occur middle latitude zones rain falls regularly winter temperatures cold broadleaf trees shed leaves fall grow leaves spring natural vegetation europe type forest find vegetation region map broadleaf forests found eastern part united states needleleaf forests green trees grow cool cold weather means found higher latitudes broadleaf forests needleleaf forests stretch ussr russian region taiga rainforests suggests found regions heavy rainfall grow parts tropics moisture intense sunlight create thick fast growing forests tops trees dense sunlight reaches earth undergrowth rivers largest rainforests eastern hemisphere equator forests grow areas twenty inches precipitation grasses thrive moisture savanna prairie steppe types grassland regions savannas regions tall thick grasses
think hear word emperor powerful ruler commands millions cruel conqueror lived ruler empire believed nonviolence gentle bear animals killed food noble ruler named asoka ruled india thousand ago asoka emperor grandfather created empire asoka grandfather named chandragupta maurya mauryan empire named chandragupta general ambitions general took throne began conquer india chandragupta army supposedly war elephants chariots force able capture india india chandragupta grandson ruled map page today india aryans lived north dravidians lived south halves country languages spoken india land villages today india small towns big cities towns cities alive activity merchants bought sold goods small shops craft workers merchants sold jewelry cloth towns cities big temples built honor gods important indian decorated elaborate stone carvings gods demons animals temples trade centers priests owned land wealth asoka grandfather hard
athens ready violence athens ruled rich athenians farmers poor farmers needed money borrow rich farmer pay money family slaves rich set laws called code draco helped control athenian society laws harsh written blood rich laws governed city judged cases law times changing athens poor farmers wanted free debt wanted land merchants city wanted voice government athens ready explode moment named solon scene family rich controlled athens solon sense justice reform athenian society solon forty merchant philosopher poet known trusted lower classes athens turned leader asked charge city upper classes agreed solon leadership feared violence lower classes solon began reform athenian society saw poor farmers debts wiped changed draco law longer slave owed money solon saw land owned rich poor
robin hood merry lived england middle ages centuries glimpsed medieval read stories robin hood fairy tales snow white rose red robin hood snow white european stories means took place europe told europeans chapter learn parts asia africa europe centuries romans empire stretched britain southwest asia muslims controlled roman empire muslims followers religion called islam islam began prophet named mohammed lived mohammed arab means lived arabian peninsula spoke arabic language religion interested mohammed boy learned native arab religion taught belief gods learned christianity judaism met christians jews mecca city birth eventually mohammed believe god vision angel spoke mohammed god appointed prophet messenger mohammed taught rules living believing later collected book called koran teachings called muslims faith called islam mohammed taught god called allah mohammed allah prophet taught death
india british control early twentieth century indians began ask independence led mohandas gandhi gandhi preached nonviolence meant indians rebelling english simply refuse cooperate supposed pay taxes english government refuse pay police jail refuse forced resist jail refuse eat marching governor palace shooting english sight violent revolution gandhi lead deaths nonviolent england rule india gandhi preached indian caste system untouchables equal rights gandhi wanted india modern country democratic government equal opportunities beginning gandhi message began hold political party grew england slowly allowed india rule end war ii england saw longer hold huge independent minded country india india free independent indonesia nation occupies group islands southeast asia mid islands ruled netherlands soon war ii ended group indonesian leaders set government based island java wanted indonesia free independent nation netherlands nation ruled indonesia agree
lands north europe called scandinavia lands home vikings seafaring known trade warfare raids margin today scandinavian nations peaceful countries enjoy high standard living find norway finland sweden denmark iceland page nations scandinavia finns speak language scandinavia ways finland neighbors sweden norway denmark iceland viking lands viking period scandinavians lived tribal groups ruled local lords end viking period kings took control scandinavian countries nations began form vikings christian began live europeans middle ages denmark powerful scandinavian country sweden european power twentieth century countries scandinavia independent nations seventy percent scandinavian peninsula covered forests land map page part land mountainous farming result wood products important scandinavian export percent comes sweden making paper addition sweden denmark sell fine wooden furniture mining important scandinavians sweden known large deposits high grade iron ore swedes steel makers finland rich mineral resources large amounts copper nickel lead silver mined traded countries
lorenzo mother tourist industry part summer maids waitresses tour guides cooks fishing guides lorenzo hopes job summer working hotel winter repairing painting boats houses hotels tourists summer cottage dress industry fine dresses clothing hand small local fishing industry adults town working lorenzo sister attend school christina preparing university lorenzo begun high school studying mathematics science history languages science lorenzo learning volcanoes important active volcanoes famous mount vesuvius case italian homes meals household fresh food order sure food mrs shops goes butcher meat grocer vegetables vegetables carried truck nearby small farms buys fish local fresh fish market eat fish times week mrs makes italian foods makes hand children love fresh pasta pasta comes forms known spaghetti italian homemakers shapes sizes pasta kind sauce small potato dumplings rolled hand cut boiled
chapter meet czechoslovakia ussr country identify ways identify roles families role expected behavior family member father role son role identify members groups family members ethnic group national group members political parties churches sports organizations students workers person identified special talents ways acting read think identify compare ways identify czechoslovakia beautiful country central europe rich farmland snow capped mountains lovely towns cities prague capital largest cities families lives ulrich machinist works government owned factory makes trucks wife anna works bakery making breads sweets kinds bakery owned government children alexander sixth elementary school younger brother starting school czech families prague live small apartment bedroom living room bath kitchen share bedroom parents sleep roll sofa living room apartment owned buildings built newer part city
governments communist eastern european countries similar soviet government ussr real power belongs communist party differences ussr eastern europe lesson read government closely tied soviet union independent eastern european countries czechoslovakia organized republic unlike eastern european countries czechoslovakia divided parts czech socialist republic socialist republic remember czechs slovaks czechoslovakia main ethnic groups part republic helps traditions group alive elected law making body republic responsible education health transportation area ussr communist party controls government decisions czechoslovakia small committee party members called presidium controls party elects general secretary general secretary runs party directs government decision making political party communist party exists percent belong czechoslovakia began move ussr things home relations countries home citizens freedom speak government abroad czechoslovakia grew friendlier noncommunist nations leaders ussr eastern european nations feared weaken communist control czechoslovakia feared communist countries want result countries troops bring things czechoslovakia led friendly ussr
south sahara climate semiarid nomadic herders cattle sheep goats land map page addition farm irrigated lands area borders sahara lack rain problem past fifteen rain fell desert spread sixty miles farther south cattle died lack grass died starvation diseases related lack food scientists say nomadic herding land herds don grow large point grazing animals helped desert spread past decade crop raising helped problem crop raising removed nutrients soil soil nutrients minerals plants need growth result fewer plants grew dry nomads large herds animals ate vegetation left plants hold soil place soil turned dust blew soil desert plants live area north sahara farming mining manufacturing true desert fringe land map page rivers northern africa empty mediterranean sea water rivers irrigate land nearby nile river system supported large population ancient times farmers coastal plains northern africa grow citrus fruits corn wheat barley cotton olives iron ore major mining product northern africa
republic china communist nation today communist communists led mao tung fought side civil war raged general chiang nationalist army fought side mass china poor peasants mao peasant told peasants wanted food land run country chiang nationalist forces represented rich landowners military wanted wealth december mao army driven nationalist forces mainland island taiwan mao led republic death ways communist government china governments eastern europe soviet union members central government belong communist party political groups exist power result communist party leaders control nation important political decisions main parts china national government national congress council national congress supposed laws fact simply approves communist party decisions congress meets peking council carries communist party decisions national government regional local governments provinces similar states america provincial government congress council provincial government kinds decisions region beneath provinces counties county governments control decisions regions beneath counties communes country urban districts cities chinese government communes longer governmental power
japan changed modern industrial society asian countries asian countries agricultural israel japan asians farmers vast majority farmers live small villages farm acres asian nations large growing populations producing food problem result asian nations trying change agricultural practices increase food supplies india indonesia philippines change types seeds scientists developed kinds rice wheat types plants farmers grow rice wheat wheat india production wheat doubled ten rice indonesia rice production percent ten similar gains philippines high hopes seeds seeds revolution food production called green revolution thought seeds thing problems clear plants needed large amounts fertilizer order grow natural fertilizer manure manure fertilizer buy artificial fertilizers artificial fertilizers factories petroleum plants needed lots irrigated water water helped large doses fertilizer damaging young plants finally plants needed pesticides chemical poisons ward attacks insects plant diseases
george helen spring ranchers produce things australia famous wheat wool beef live daughter sarah miles town southern australia farm located wide flat valley murray river valley miles north melbourne valley land farming climate warm moist winter hot dry summer farmers valley water murray river irrigate land summer carefully managing land water australian farmers able produce crops sale australia countries farming australia means ranching large scale animal raising crop raising springs raise hundred sheep seventy head cattle part working sees george helen spring pasture looking sheep sarah helps father herd sheep pen night knows lot sheep help father check injuries illness sarah begins early school catch school bus road miles house school spends home afternoon school sarah helps mother garden waters feeds chickens helps housework homework dinner duty saturdays sarah mother drive shop supermarkets united states
english settlement jamestown virginia vigorous colonies took shape atlantic coast georgia massachusetts colonies english displayed variety origin development virginia massachusetts founded chartered trading companies pennsylvania maryland jersey carolinas founded proprietors received royal charters york delaware english original settlers dutch swedes rhode island connecticut hampshire founded splinter groups massachusetts georgia founded later meant haven poor despite variety common culture emerged colonies regional differences geography climate shaped colonial economic ways religious political developments common english backgrounds settlers provided unifying principle create nation initially england bore decidedly religious stamp pilgrims plymouth escape religious persecution pilgrims religious group wanted separate church england soon overshadowed size importance puritan colony massachusetts england puritans wanted build ideal christian community city hill shine beacon massachusetts bay colony built religious intolerance roger williams banished religious beliefs anne hutchinson quakers persecuted hung practicing faith massachusetts tight control exercised religious leaders moral political economic slowly eroded
add fuel spreading flames southern supreme court dred scott decision declared missouri compromise unconstitutional slaveholders slaves territory restriction series famous meetings abraham lincoln stephen douglas debated meaning implications supreme court decision debates lincoln national figure strong republican nomination president excitement dred scott decision lincoln douglas debates cool john brown raided arsenal harpers ferry intending free slaves force quick capture trial hanging quiet public mind spring national political parties met choose candidates presidential election democrats truly national party remaining split northern southern wings nominated candidate republicans purely sectional party north midwest committed opposing extension slavery nominated lincoln constitutional union party ran candidate making election contest election lincoln precipitated dreaded threatened secession south carolina states deep south promptly seceded forming confederate states america states joined confederacy frantic hour attempt save union historic method compromise failed lincoln rejected proposal restore missouri compromise line slavery freedom subsequent attempt send supplies government troops charleston plunged nation civil war compromise failed
trust common type business consolidation early trust stockholders companies turned shares trustees return certificates dividend payments trustees held majority member companies stocks controlled member companies trustees run large firms giant company operations coordinated individual plants making part industry product competing production items owners save money trusts deals easily individual companies suppliers raw materials railroads transported products banks loans finally creation trusts corporations industry replaced cut throat competition cooperation advantage trusts necessarily interest ordinary american consolidation trust destroy smaller businesses raise lower prices needed smaller company results trusts monopoly complete control industry monopoly able raise prices high pay competitors try sell goods offering lower prices monopoly raise prices high find substitutes products charge wants enormous profits small businesses consumers workers hurt ability trusts control industries imagine americans called laws control trusts
lived lived age age imperialism imperialism policy extending rule country countries colonies order control raw materials markets military bases century american foreign relations governed principles laid early republic principles stated washington farewell address washington called americans steer clear permanent alliances portion foreign taking care suitable establishments respectably defensive posture safely trust temporary alliances extraordinary emergencies washington early presidents tried stay neutral wars england france erupted french revolution jefferson words united states policy noninvolvement avoiding entangling alliances european intrigues wars policy isolation lack dealings european countries united states tried steer independent course follow interests monroe doctrine added important element policy noninvolvement president james monroe reaffirmed united states interfere affairs europe monroe added important principle united states oppose european colonization political interference western hemisphere united states consistently principles binding alliances nations occasion reminded powers europe expected honor monroe doctrine
actual building canal proved difficult feared biggest problem unhealthy climate promoted yellow fever tropical diseases eventually efforts dr walter reed major william gorgas helped overcome diseases previous cuba identified mosquito carrier yellow fever vigorous campaign united states doctors engineers rid swamps jungles disease carrying insects panama healthy place construction underway chief engineer colonel succeeded despite numerous landslides yellow fever steaming climate canal took ten build cost nearly million completed war beginning canal considered greatest engineering feats panama canal completed protecting waterway primary concern united states foreign policy treaty panama gave united states complete control strip panamanian territory ten miles wide united states paid panama million annual rent united states fortified canal zone began consider ways protecting approaches canal caribbean important step direction united states declared amounted protectorate cuba united states naval base bay cuba major sea approaches panama canal protected soon steps strengthen canal defenses president theodore roosevelt afraid european powers try establish americas threat panama canal
europe allies central powers hoped early end war want stop fighting gained position forces war continued german army general staff developed plan launch quick strike france event war broke according schlieffen plan german forces knock france war concentrate russia eastern front avoid heavily fortified franco german border germany attacked france belgium august german master plan called crossing belgium countryside days franco belgian border reached german armies thrust deep france pivot left destroy french resistance map facing page carefully thought master plan failed belgium army hard fighting managed delay german advance days times called german plan days took german forces crush belgium british french able deploy troops northern france fighting furiously allied troops retreated superior german army reached marne river inset map battle marne september allies finally stopped german advance armies settled defensive positions miles trenches dug french soil north sea border switzerland stretched trenches parts europe east germany austria hungary battled russia fierce fighting took place part combatants deadlocked
franklin roosevelt president americans fearful future unemployed workers frightened unable feed families able find job home owners feared mortgages foreclosed lose homes bankers afraid banks fail business owners industrialists concerned enterprises bankrupt farmers trembled thought pitifully small incomes shrink roosevelt knew attempt conquer depression help restore confidence future critical problem confronting nation moment roosevelt took office banking crisis election november roosevelt inauguration march millions citizens rushed banks withdraw money savings checking accounts banks failed failing depositors withdrew money took home mattresses coffee cans shoe boxes hoover left office march bank country failed closed failing business ground standstill anxiety lay heavy blanket nation march days inauguration president took action means presidential proclamation roosevelt suspended operation banks called bank holiday halted trading gold days later president called special session congress obtained overwhelming approval emergency banking act act confirmed president actions established regulations allowed sound banks reopen doors
million americans remained unemployed graph facing page united states regained economic strength americans optimistic attitude franklin roosevelt deal brought america citizen affected programs agencies laws president efforts restore prosperity deal able fully restore economic prosperity steps goal comparison america demonstrates improvement agriculture farm prices industry profits higher workers unemployment extensive capita income taxes risen level equal level course gains side ledger important liabilities deal responsible roosevelt saw immense increase federal debt public debt billion billion deal created large government bureaucracy administer programs agencies deal waste duplication deal programs limited freedom private enterprise significant aspect deal affects americans today rapid expansion government functions responsibilities deal government agencies entered area country economic nearly government activity designed help millions depression victims unemployed workers disaster stricken farmers government spending local national levels gross national product
month later japanese american naval forces clashed battle turning point war pacific effort engage destroy american pacific fleet huge japanese force commanded admiral steamed american held island midway american intelligence cracked secret code pearl harbor admiral chester prepared attack ordering american carrier force reinforce fleet sailing midway case battle coral sea battle midway fought entirely aircraft spectacular victory fleet sank japanese carriers fighting battle americans lost carrier yorktown airplanes japanese naval strength pacific strategic outlook shifted favor united states japanese threat australia lessened results battle coral sea eliminated japanese troops occupied guadalcanal solomon islands built air base threaten australia refer map page general macarthur knew protect australia eliminate japan force guadalcanal macarthur wanted island stepping stone philippines dawn august landing craft allied naval force landed marines island beaches initial landings japanese resistance heavy pre invasion shelling later waves met stiff resistance enemy fighting guadalcanal soon bogged deadly stalemate
qualities lyndon johnson effective leader home led disaster abroad extraordinary political skills electoral mandate dominate nation government presidents dominated result early decisions questioned congress american president began lead united states expanding war vietnam retained support citizens summer told congress warships attacked north vietnamese torpedo boats gulf tonkin located shore north vietnam president tell congress american public american ships engaged intelligence operations support south vietnamese attacks coast north vietnam unaware facts congress accepted president version events august congress approved gulf tonkin resolution dissenting voices entire house senate resolution statement congress supporting power president measures repel armed attack forces united states prevent aggression effect congress surrendered war making powers president giving blank check policies southeast asia plans vietnam involved military actions hoped south vietnam model non communist development proposed plan similar roosevelt deal tva tennessee valley america hoped similar development project mekong river help remake south vietnam
minority group americans women significant advances american society striking advances gaining employment fields closed tumultuous decade brought relative calm participation opportunities open americans recall black americans struggled civil rights black slum areas american cities exploded violence social unrest ended late black middle upper class americans achieved unparalleled success took advantage opportunities civil rights movement opened black families segregation discrimination longer barred enjoyment middle class affluence remained unemployment rose black americans hardest hit late early unemployment rate black women double whites unemployment rate black teenagers continuing problem reaching early cities growing population poor black increasingly cut job opportunities increasing number unemployed blacks urban slums gave rise increase crime rate leveled mid cases victims black criminals blacks fear violent crime caused reaction part white population white reaction called white backlash appeared attitudes school integration employment programs busing children achieve school integration supported carter administration met stiff opposition
city ruins desolation vacant houses widowed women rotting wharves deserted warehouses weed wild gardens miles grass grown streets acres pitiful barrenness charleston rebellion loftily reared head ago marks young generally young women dressed black flower proud aristocracy buried scores battlefields restore broad acres crumbling ruins style dead body charleston massachusetts business lay land observed rebel captain dinner chats let massachusetts south carolina brought states amount hate yankees heartily general sort remarked southerners find clever personally expect thing money grain pretty badly clearly understood sherman army destroyed line march destroyed questioning suffered action rebel leaders wanton reckless army destroying property burn houses barns fences months war burned immense quantities cotton rosin pine product making varnish
lunar landing mission descent engine fired begin lm drop miles lunar orbit moon altitude feet engine braking maneuver lm drop slowly soft touchdown surface lm descent vertically hover surface astronauts qualified jet aircraft qualify helicopter pilots final drop astronauts supposed ease power let lm fall speed feet foot wands curb feelers automatically extend downward lm footpads signal contact astronauts cut engine finished stay surface descent stage serve launching base ascent engine firing boost upper half lm moon explosive devices triggered separate stages descent stage remain moon relic landing upper half lm command center crew cabin launching rocket leaving moon feet inches high divided sections crew compartment midsection equipment bay crew compartment inches diameter inches deep took front end ascent stage astronauts look triangular windows save weight seats stand loosely harnessed straps front side control panels lm guidance communications environment propulsion systems
started san jose california working apricot farm figured social worker study farm conditions refusing meet persistent finally rough element san jose going reception teach gringo foreigner mexican americans bit felt started talking talked wide eyed fellow making lot sense wanted hear say fred ross organizer community service organization working mexican americans cities immediately involved heading voter registration drive observing things fred secretly wanted learn organize impressed patience understanding thought tool greatest things pretty rough changing lot ridicule rough characters worked fields say hey big shot re working cents hour months working night san jose fred assigned chapter tough spot fill suggest say let wait till fred fred wouldn
decade seen series recessions recession spring unemployment increased inflation soon turned coined word stagflation describe government response recessions pump money supply increase spending months money supply increased fastest rate postwar history percent inflation remained double digits government spending increased annual rate percent interest rates reached staggering percent million unemployed late sank present recession largely continued high interest rates hurt auto industry construction drop productivity high unemployment rate increased things economic program place completely artificial quick fixes past calls reduction rate increase government spending rate cut nearly half reduced spending implemented smallest phase tax rate reduction plan designed stimulate economy create jobs interest rates percent lower inflation percent percent month december running rate percent acted things worse americans today inflation taxes interest rates higher question fundamentals place things
columbus born genoa seaport northwestern italy birth genoa thriving trade center look map page notice italian peninsula located mediterranean sea midway western europe trading centers east constantinople damascus goods asia reached europe route asia source valuable items trade gold gems spices silks sugar glass steel boy growing genoa columbus seen ships unloading rich cargo mid exciting alive hundred pace europe quickening peoples italian peninsula center happening grown rich trade wealthy italian families interested art learning hired artists decorate palaces churches scholars search books manuscripts told wisdom ancient knowledge lost western europe fall rome thousand earlier brought light happening discovery things rediscovery period called renaissance word meaning rebirth italy experienced renaissance soon spread routes trade germany netherlands france spain portugal spirit zest thought politics religion began change
earliest voyage north america columbus discovery john cabot birth italian sailed bristol england north atlantic hoped japan permission england king henry vii sail part unknown crew cabot sailed ship matthew west cape breton island present nova scotia map page returned explored coastline south england son sebastian cabot voyage area father son looking water route led japan china finding english lost interest voyages cabots gave england claim north america important later england strong challenge spain france land france european country try find water passageway north american landmass giovanni da verrazano italian french backing hunted water route north american coast carolinas nova scotia verrazano find passage french effort farther north jacques cartier sailed service french king canada discovered st lawrence river map page unsuccessful effort start settlement quebec early france ready follow discoveries verrazano cartier reigns henry viii elizabeth england grew wealth power influence
mesa verde national park colorado preserves natural wonders park protects largest archaeological sites country ruins dating columbus nestled ledges canyon walls archaeological riches mesa verde named cultural site international archaeological significance mesa verde spanish meaning green tableland rich history ago ancestors present pueblo indians began live large plateau soil mesa plateau grew vegetables baskets pottery homes changed pit houses row houses indians moved plateau ledges steep mountain wall largest settlements built cliffs resembles large pueblo tucked side mountain hundred live roof room terrace ladders move levels rooms storage living fascinating rooms kivas large chambers ceremonial function roof kivas indians dance costumes representing gods mesa verde place wonder mystery written records history archaeology knowledge remain unanswered questions indians move plateau cliffs later abandon cliff dwellings answers suggested someday archaeology learn ruins mesa verde isolated remained undisturbed hundreds largest ruins discovered accident
individual personalities john adams thomas jefferson worlds adams short stocky bursting nervous energy jefferson tall lanky slow moving deliberate adams fierce desire fame jefferson modest retiring adams friends enemies jefferson liked knew adams action jefferson intellectual despite differences alike important ways members outstanding american political leadership jefferson called aristocracy talent jefferson adams products american education adams educational system massachusetts harvard college founded soon system public schools begun puritans considered education defense evil massachusetts passed law requiring town households provide teacher reading writing town households set latin grammar school boys going college england education put stress religion john adams read fewer sermons school books spared tiring regimen education winter months england boy expected desk sit grammar lesson latin translation clock desk worked clock summer labored studies dawn dusk week vacation england boy fact perpetual study jefferson trudged school daybreak
independence minds american colonists knew north west french italian troops preparing final contest control north america british army navy stood colonists death disaster fourth war bring recall chapter french english rivals enemies fought major wars empire north america powers claimed territory lakes mississippi river british colonists eyes area colonial settlement viewed land part virginia charter stake rich fur trade indians group virginia planters formed ohio company develop fur trade sell land ohio valley hoping british colonists hemmed east appalachians french soon built string forts lake erie ohio river governor virginia officer named george washington build fort point rivers join form ohio river site modern pittsburgh purpose washington mission assert virginia claim french built fort called fort duquesne indian allies drove washington forces battle july engagement war reach globe month later delegates colonies met albany try win support iroquois indians develop colonial plans common defense
war english military efforts suffered english leaders understand conditions colonies policymakers convinced sentiment revolution widespread deep view based large part reports wealthy england loyalists flocked london wait war englanders governor thomas hutchinson jonathan sewall massachusetts believed revolution strictly england event loyalists insisted ordinary deluded ambitious political fanatics held political spell head british war office lord george germain accepted notion revolution england conspiracy germain military strategy based assumption southern colonies welcome return king peace course loyalists colonies carolinas bitter memory regulator struggles country ready fight crown english found solid support expected lost war accept fact desire independence strong colonies british army moved south january beginning campaign badly english forces general henry clinton charles lord cornwallis meet loyalist forces north carolina admiral sir peter parker give armies naval support commanders schedule loyalist troops outnumbered patriot forces north carolina badly beaten battle moore creek bridge february map page restoring king peace british incompetence lost north carolina entirely
president underestimate tasks lay ahead administration ten thousand embarrassments troubles awaited administration constitution government serve model future tradition draw government create tradition congress shared washington concern setting tone national government elaborate ceremonies touch splendor proper republic president distance european royalty heart questions lay problem winning respect untried government plain dressed straightforward john adams willing approve aristocratic touches administration urged washington addressed highness excellency wit responded chubby vice president adams called end congress decided uphold republican principles call president simply president washington satisfied president hard introduce touches formality elegance office held formal receptions week impressive staff servants rode canary yellow coach drawn cream colored horses horseback president sat leopard skin saddle gestures important natural dignity washington brought office tall erect bearing immaculate dress reserved closest friends president washington looked acted part national leader business organizing government underway host troubles faced administration
jefferson looked administration undoubtedly felt proud american voters shared satisfaction reelected landslide jefferson retired office later troubled tired ailing rheumatism robbed spry step piercing headaches plagued physical illnesses burdens disappointments office aged president troubles began newspapers problem french tiger english shark started challenging american eagle saw section napoleon bonaparte determined conquer europe england determined stop rival nations war french strength lay army prowled european continent hungry tiger england seas shark royal navy tried devour commerce enemy england strategy cut france imports vital supplies napoleon hand meant destroy english economy cutting british markets rest europe nations evenly oddly matched neutral powers united states important support tip scales victory england france allow americans remain neutral nations tried woo american friendship willing bully young republic england navy short able seamen sailors deserted ship wartime desertion england began hated practice impressment saw chapter english practice boarding american vessels seizing sailors blow american pride
americans rejoice boomed headlines daily national february news peace treaty arrived postwar period began note rejoice decade republicans reason happy party president inaugurated tall awkward solemn james monroe float waves postwar pride patriotism boston newspaper put era feeling overseas trade quickly revived sailors shippers sea captains busy seaport cities continued grow york reaching philadelphia port baltimore newest american port city orleans residents national population climbed steadily million million million americans irish german british immigrants poured country war states continued carved west south mississippi alabama indiana illinois maine missouri added union growth south due largely widespread cotton gin invented eli whitney device separated hundreds seeds boll cotton production cotton profitable enterprise southern states part growing cotton kingdom american pride nation growth economic prospects showed popular national symbols design stars stripes established number stripes fixed tradition adding star continued
caught oregon fever appreciate grasslands cross west pioneers encountered flat dry treeless plains fact call plains today considered desert zebulon pike recommended american settlement mississippi missouri rivers stephen army engineer explorer wrote region peculiarly adapted range buffalos course uninhabitable depending agriculture labeled map area missouri river rocky mountains american desert desert soon standard feature maps united states americans convinced white farmers settle plains decided reserve seemingly useless region indians deported eastern indians edges treeless forbidding land chapter americans believed plains useless region look forestlands plains appeared endless ocean waves grass flowers rippled wind lack trees soil infertile average annual rainfall appeared agriculture centuries decaying vegetation formed thick crust sod top soil cultivated plows systematic scientific study plains began change minds army corps topographical engineers explored surveyed mapped west
hundreds inventions key quickly transformed goods produced american factories early interchangeable parts pioneered eli whitney revolutionized making rifles watches clocks tools whitney laid basis modern assembly line mass production elias howe invention sewing machine created ready wear garment industry large scale manufacture shoes invention vulcanized rubber charles goodyear gave boost shoe industry completion telegraph lines samuel morse opened system instant communications inventions farm spectacular steel plowshares invention john deere turned tough prairie sod middle west opening vast areas growing wheat corn cyrus mccormick demonstrated mechanical reaper solved problem harvest expanding wheat crop farm machines mechanical drills planting horse drawn rakes harvesting hay threshing machines separating grain husks gave boost agricultural production expansion agriculture inventions opening farmlands west provided american industry raw materials mid century cotton south england textile mills humming fourth annual cotton crop northern textile mills wheat corn crops flour grain mills busy producing flour meal domestic consumption export map page cattle sheep farmers provided raw materials shoe factories woolen mills north operating capacity
slavery chief civil war abolition slavery main result correct broadly speaking yes living situation complicated recognized course slavery heart north south differences lincoln called volunteers put rebellion save union free slaves told south domestic institutions safe hands abolition northern war aim slavery abolished abraham lincoln views slavery known elected president united states lincoln disliked slavery thought wrong abolitionist expressed hope slave states end slavery voluntarily women free saw obstacles path freedom lawyer lincoln understood legal basis slavery constitution constitution clear federal government power interfere domestic institutions states slavery domestic institution states free adopt reject prewar arguments slavery political leader stature abolition slavery party measure abolitionists steps demanded end slavery considered unconstitutional americans south considered republican party threat called end slavery opposed expansion slavery territories issue
began exist small town tennessee eden tennessee nashville memphis located branch memphis river including slaves post office stores hotel town hotel owned dodge uncle master personal property jennings polished southern portly build lively step dignified manner jennings debt reasoned easy took advantage nature married woman mold children honor dishonor born large plantation master jennings small farm cultivate cotton raised corn oats hay fruits master jennings slaves hired mother smartest black woman eden quick flash lightning cooked washed ironed spun nursed labored field field hand cook heard master jennings say wife fannie faults slave country bet mother certainly faults slave ma fussed fought kicked tell demon wouldn whipped fussed eden known
thousand packed halls tremont house crushing ribs tramping toes telling gossip probability single political fact known slightest consequence human current talk morning abe nominee ballots lincoln ran william seward york ballot amid excitement tested nerves fatal movement seward england appeared votes going seward lincoln massachusetts received additional votes pennsylvania fifteen additional votes ohio whispered lincoln coming nominated ballot roll states territories called ceased give attention votes lincoln vote added number votes choice saw pencil lincoln column completed figure vote half give nomination moment fact whispered hundred pencils told story pause anxious distinguish occasions looked give decisive vote ten ticks watch david kellogg ohio eye understood matter knew
morning sad morning flags floated gayly yesterday draped black hung silent folds halfmast president dead nation mourning house draped black face wore solemn look spoke subdued tones glided wonderingly silently streets clock saturday morning carriage drove door messenger asked elizabeth wants asked mrs lincoln mrs immediately white house mrs lincoln nearly exhausted grief quiet asked received permission guests room body president lay crossed threshold room help recalling seen willie lying coffin body father lay remembered president wept pale beautiful face gifted boy president dead saw spoke kindly alas lips light faded eyes light soul noble soul noble noble attributes god enter solemn chamber death palpitating heart trembling footsteps entered common mortal died moses fallen hour triumph fame woven choicest wreath brow
mississippi river georgia alabama large mounds natural hills scientists dug hills order find found built indian peoples hundreds ago hills burial mounds indian villages carried baskets earth spot piled died dug grave mound piled earth biggest mounds burials temple mounds parts cities biggest cities cahokia illinois mississippi river st louis missouri map left left city group mounds ago persons lived city covered area square miles large wooden wall sides protected enemies biggest hill monk mound center city feet high covered larger area pyramid egypt built huge wooden temple monk mound mounds houses graves chiefs ruled cahokia mounds ordinary lived houses wood clay evidence shows cahokia farmers grew corn squash crops fields city walls fished dug freshwater clams neighboring western plains visited cahokia foot bringing buffalo meat hides eagle hawk feathers trade
knows indians lived north america europeans arrived historians say million persons million contact europeans number indians dropped greatly colonial period europeans remaining indians affected greatly indians waterways visited europeans colonies began ship captains explorers ashore fresh water american rivers lakes put ashore storms fishing captains captured indians sold europe slaves contacts indians caught diseases historians believe indians lived died european diseases indians contact germs carried smallpox malaria scarlet fever influenza diseases bodies fight indians died tribes disappeared french explorers illinois mississippi rivers large settlements indians rivers hundred later explorers visited river valleys found malaria common area deserted indian tribes survived settlers feared indians believed strangers coming tribe area fed housed reason english settlers received friendship indians plymouth colony massasoit chief neighboring wampanoag friends english brought squanto indian lived england
colonies important level local government local government collected taxes built roads bridges public buildings took actions bring order local governments differed region main types county court town meeting county court common form southern colonies pennsylvania person called justice peace headed court governor appointed wealthy important courts heard legal cases collected taxes arranged build public buildings roads raised militia citizens army town meeting form local government england eligible voters town gathered decide town government meeting decided tax collect elected town officials called selectmen decisions majority vote law town colony voting holding office privileges limited specific amount property vote members provincial government result owners small farms women indentured servants slaves vote provincial government assembly body elected voters wealth high social class served ran assemblies took part government local level provincial level southern colonies officials important families local government gave small landowners chance part politics
amendment gave district columbia city washington voice choosing president district electoral votes amendment added district votes amendment abolished poll tax voting tax tax states blacks poor whites voting amendment added illegal require paid tax order vote amendment extended vote qualified citizens older amendment added amendments important easily grouped general affected power states central government amendment added cut power federal courts courts hear cases government brought citizen foreign country amendment added abolished slavery united states amendments added civil war limits powers amendment added deals civil rights states single important amendment written bill rights defined united states citizenship canceled fifths compromise black americans counted persons figuring representation taxation major confederate leaders led civil war united states vote hold office states central government pay confederate war debt
john adams president earliest examples history large country leader peacefully taking leader adams washington federalist continued federalist programs washington begun important change election thomas jefferson followers won control presidency congress federalists feared jefferson party destroy jefferson destroy country federalists predicted change speech president clear wanted unify americans stating difference opinion difference principle republicans federalists jefferson president oath office capital city washington started term changing traditions washington adams rode inauguration ceremonies coaches drawn white horses jefferson walked refused wear powdered wig changed formal practices washington started jefferson fire federalists held government jobs appoint republicans openings president jefferson changed federalist programs asked congress repeal unpopular tax whiskey congress cut wait immigrants citizens country congress repealed judiciary act law allowed president adams appoint judges federalists federalists passed law lost election left office
women fit society early women married married ages single women move freely married women single women dated chaperones marriage began based love true colonists married love marriages arranged families couple marry strangers early women began fewer babies smaller families child home care huge jobs indoor toilets running water easy reach doctor child rearing hard women worked fields busy times pregnant dark picture broken light american history wives expect live longer husbands fewer babies women died giving birth education women colleges women opened beginning women teachers mississippi women faced barriers speak public religion lawyers woman doctor united states elizabeth blackwell finished medical school working admitted society changing women demanded rights humans elizabeth cady stanton lucretia mott organized woman rights convention york demanded vote control property wages concern reformers drinking americans hard drinkers part water hard find rum beer whiskey hard apple cider common alcoholic drinks
abraham lincoln president united states civil war lincoln job difficult raise army fight war northerners opposed group called encouraged union soldiers desert smuggled military supplies south lincoln biggest problems finding union general fight lincoln fact asked robert lee lead union forces virginia left union lee felt loyal lincoln tried george mcclellan slow overly cautious lincoln message going army borrow lincoln replaced union commander mcclellan pope hooker burnside mcclellan meade finally march lincoln appointed ulysses grant job found fighting general north finally drove wedges south capturing mississippi river atlanta georgia september capturing atlanta largest railroad center georgia general william sherman led troops march atlanta savannah sherman wanted southern civilians supported war feel impact march sea sherman ordered live land area miles miles wide soldiers burned fields barns killed livestock destroyed bridges sherman victory atlanta march sea left bitter feelings south aided union ways helped break spirit south helped lincoln win re election
plains southern arapaho traveled foot hunted buffalo forcing animals cliffs moved camp camp strapping belongings shaped rack wheels dogs dragged racks dogs pull women girls carried arapaho horses late daring raid snake shoshoni horses arapaho rode stage western history glory arapaho bright short shooting star clear colorado sky arapaho early rhythms buffalo migrations weather rose sun slept moon moved seasons watches calendars part lives arapaho plains indians spent living eastern slope rockies alongside streams arapaho divided bands scouts reported buffalo bands moved plains buffalo hide tepees measured feet base folded packed horses drag rode horseback carried bows arrows occasional gun women children walked red tailed hawk flying high colorado plains witness arapaho filed mountains miles east milling herd thousand buffalo sleeps later young arapaho horsemen ride camp approached herd took positions
invention changed office alexander graham bell born scotland bell boston open training school teachers deaf deaf led bell try machines help hear worked fascinated idea sending speech wire began making machines send sounds months bell assistant thomas watson struggled improve machines bell adjusted machine spilled acid pants called transmitter watson want watson racing stairs shouting hear hear words bell invention month later united states opened fair philadelphia celebrating nation birthday judges famous engineer sir william thomson listened bell machine exclaimed speak wonderful thing seen america instantly bell invention famous active american inventors thomas edison stopped experimenting edison bought land york city menlo park jersey set amounted research laboratory menlo park edison improved bell telephone transmitter invented phonograph edison excited idea producing incandescent electric light stay lighted edison wanted develop workable light system making electric lights city
talking american policy countries president theodore roosevelt liked west african saying walk softly carry big stick comment led artists draw cartoons showing dressed policeman swinging big stick roosevelt united states acted police officer stepping bring order laws broken roosevelt interested guarding caribbean influence countries believed important united states guard approaches panama canal canal built opened shipping actions caribbean involved venezuela weak government officials honest soldiers took government venezuela borrowed money countries deeply debt venezuela refused pay debts reason germany ships troops threatened venezuela germany called soldiers united states promised venezuela pay incident americans angry didn monroe doctrine introduced president james monroe say europe set colonies americas germany send troops americas roosevelt showed big stick european country threatened intervene latin america reason america intervene americans police americas policy called roosevelt corollary addition monroe doctrine test roosevelt corollary dominican republic
mid york newspaper william randolph hearst introduced sports page american journalism magazines names bicycling ball players chronicle tennis news appeared city newsstands announcing america love affair sports ways love affair developed slowly properly modern olympic games held athens greece handful american athletes participated paying radio television exist sports events fashion sports advancing quickly women clothing conservative tennis dresses fell ankles swimmers sexes weighted generous wrapping skin covering material organized baseball begun early played lines yankees confederates civil war recognized national game ten umpires introduced players started wear gloves pitchers learned throw curve balls series played city large town america baseball team kids land trading baseball cards cards faces white blacks allowed major league baseball football growing popularity football dominated east coast beginning west south society finest attending annual yale harvard game schools virginia michigan stanford attracting crowds football game baseball popular game young required organization city living americans recreation
united states takes sides war american neutrality faced challenges american formed opinions side favored americans felt close tie england remembered french helped americans revolutionary war wanted repay favor million americans german national origin thought germany irish americans wanted fight historical enemy england problem neutrality trade start war united states sold goods england germany united states taking sides saw reason stop trade warring countries england germany ideas countries needed american materials liked idea enemy getting help england strongest navy blockaded germany american ships tried reach germany english ports searched war goods removed angered americans badly german response unrestricted submarine warfare germans smaller navy english turned submarines submarines attacked underwater giving warning board targeted ship complain germans sank warships germans attacked merchant passenger ships broke laws sea german submarine attacked lusitania english passenger ship traveling america england passengers died americans president wilson issued strong protest germany germans lusitania carrying war goods apologized united states
vietnam major political question democratic senator minnesota eugene mccarthy spoke war saying united states troops leave vietnam ran party presidential primaries mccarthy surprised getting percent vote hampshire primary saw large vote defeat johnson war policy march president johnson appeared national television say dropping presidential race going stop bombing vietnam peace peace talks began presidential race getting crowded robert kennedy entered primaries looked democratic front runner hours winning california primary murdered arab named angered kennedy backing israel democratic national convention held august chicago turned major riot city streets convention center thousands war marchers police battled shocked nation watched television police charged crowds swinging clubs later special group headed future governor illinois called actions police riot democrats picked johnson vice president hubert humphrey president humphrey leader liberal wing party early friend civil rights movement favored johnson war policy split party cost election republicans ran richard nixon candidate campaigned platform law order secret plan end war candidate ran governor george wallace alabama strong law order
ford faced growing economic problems president began took office reasons economic problems america living means spending money heavily debt america producing fewer goods late things america attractive buyers prices high america living means place united states large military force case attack communist nations addition vietnam war cost billion united states spending lot money society programs begun lyndon johnson economists pointed nation afford large social programs home large military forces say war asia solution federal government raise taxes pay vietnam president johnson presidents willing late american productivity efficient working percent record beginning late productivity percent reason american industry put large amounts money machinery america industrial plant getting inefficient result american goods cost wages costs stayed fewer goods produced
sounds distant future generation living working raising family century making decisions future finishing school decision family live maybe important help decide future plan future general look past read book examine trends present instance learn kind job need lots future computer programming programming means develop instructions performed computer order accomplish task sort job think research try predict future called futurists build scenarios scripts drama gloomy future optimistic section show scenarios future studies show portions american population growing faster hispanic percent population asians mainly southeast asia korea number percent change american culture subject debate futurists predict families fewer children partly housing food clothing expensive worried shrinking
parts inside body body bones bones help give body shape bones fit joints bones move muscles pull muscles attached bones body parts working air goes lungs mixes blood heart pumps blood parts body food swallow goes tube stomach juices stomach break food parts inside body inside stomach food breaks parts tiny food eat liquid liquid food stomach mixes blood blood carries food parts body heart beats pumps blood body feel blood moving inside neck look person picture put fingers place neck count ten beats sitting exercise twenty times count ten beats count faster alike need food foods help bodies stay healthy need exercise muscles need sleep bodies feel rest help bodies food exercise rest help bodies healthy bodies happy help care ways alike pump blood parts body
compare young animals parents young animals change draw picture young birds change young animals look young animals smaller parents young born grow change animals grow inside eggs mothers lay young big hatch eggs young grow adult animals look parents describe young animals tell young animals change gerbils grow change mother gerbil young young gerbils hair born eyes closed young milk mother milk helps grow young gerbils born shape adult gerbils week hair weeks eyes open eat solid food run fast ways young gerbils change stay weeks gerbils leave parents turtles soon hatch eggs young chimpanzees stay mothers fly adult weeks lay eggs kinds animals adults sooner kinds frogs grow change young frogs called tadpoles tadpoles hatched eggs look flat tails tadpoles stay water eat green plants grow young frogs change size shape times tails shorter legs begin form lungs grow frogs breathe air leave water
imagine person cooked meal picture proud food serve customers enjoy eating restaurant food tastes taste food reason eat eat stay healthy eat body food teeth break food small pieces stomach mixes food juices change food hours food form pass blood nutrients food substances body needs live grow parts body body nutrients energy energy move muscles active body needs energy repair hurt nutrients give energy nutrients building materials body nutrients part muscles skin bones body parts need nutrients grow children picture eating healthful snack snack give energy play food helps grow body nutrients food describe ways body nutrients kind food need eat teeth skip meal feel grouchy tired energy run hard ride bicycle eat foods body needs energy play nutrients body needs proteins carbohydrates fats vitamins minerals water foods give nutrients need kinds foods
hold heavy objects getting tired strong muscles test muscles working period find books size hold book hand stretch arms straight side shown picture position hold books longer write held books rest try larger books arms tired think happened exercise help arm muscles longer food things body needs stay healthy regular exercise important exercises pictures help breathe air lungs exercises heart harder heart stronger stronger heart muscle blood heart pump heart pumps blood beat beat heart longer rest beat strong heart help live longer muscles stronger exercise regularly strong muscles period muscles strong tire easily children picture exercises stretch muscles stretching exercises help muscles move smoothly exercise helps body weight body stores extra food energy body fat exercise energy exercise regularly stored fat
hard dancer says eileen takes lot hard hours dancing look easy eileen dancer teacher dance started taking ballet lessons adult takes lessons dancing playing musical instrument practice getting ready show practice hours thing eat nutrition important dancing need eat bones strong mind sharp diet easier injuries eileen teaches young classes think age start dancing enjoy watching young students learn dancing learn jump high move bodies students discover dancing enjoyable help stay healthy big part staying healthy eating kinds foods sure food eat tasting nutritious government rules food foods kinds pass tests sold grocery store government food inspectors check food meat sure safe eat inspect labels canned food sure ingredients labeled correctly school cafeteria lunch menus planned dietician
lights television studio burn brightly newscaster fixes tie seconds evening news begins control room director counts red light goes director signals newscaster air evening ladies gentlemen news begins story control room keeps close eye buttons switches dials front broadcast technician television station part crew makes sure programs newscasts run smoothly realize goes putting half hour newscast crew technicians set control lights microphones sound recorders cameras equipment control equipment switches dials control room controls sound broadcast show begins check microphones newscasters wear properly able hear speak check sound level newscaster set dials newscaster speaks show turn dials sound equipment works goes wrong able quickly correct college learn electrical equipment students think job meet famous part job interesting technician interested electricity science television stars broadcast technicians sound
magnets shapes sizes magnets shaped bars rings shaped horseshoes small magnets pick objects large magnet pick objects lessons chapter show force magnetism find directions compass magnet pull objects find kinds objects magnet pull magnet glass rubber band sheet paper pencil pair scissors paper clip thumbtack piece aluminum foil hold magnet close object groups put objects magnet pull group put objects magnet pull group put paper clip desk hold sheet paper shown picture put magnet top paper happens paper clip happens paper objects magnet pull objects magnet pull explain happens hold pieces paper magnet paper clip spill pins rug find magnet magnet pick objects iron steel pins magnets force push pull force magnet magnetism magnet picture pick pins ends center magnetism strongest poles magnet ends bar magnet poles magnets poles ends
objects stick dry wool sweater stick shirt hair stick comb brush objects stick balloons wool cloth blow balloon tie knot end rub balloons wool cloth half minute hold balloon friend hair observe happens rub balloons wool cloth set balloons desk top centimeter shown picture happens balloons hands happens hold balloon rubbed wool cloth dry hair objects attracted balloon rubbed wool balloons picture stick wall stick wall paper clips stick magnet wall magnet makes wall act matter tiny bits electricity called charges charges move rub objects charges move object balloon rubbed wool cloth picks charges cloth hold balloon wall sticks wall balloon wall unlike charges unlike charges attract hold balloons kind charge repel charges repel electric charges jump objects unlike charges charges jump cloud earth jumping charges sparks lightning picture huge electric spark
minerals today food refrigerator ride bicycle school stapled papers refrigerators bicycles staples minerals minerals find rock look rock large amounts mineral mineral sold cost rock valuable valuable rock called ore copper ore rock mineral copper iron ore rock mineral iron mineral separated rest rock minerals deep underground order minerals dig deep tunnels shafts drawing minerals earth surface miners remove soil top layers rock reach ore land removed large area kind mining leaves large pit ground states mining companies fill pit land usable parks built filled mines ore explain ways mine ore think minerals mined found large amounts iron aluminum chromium metals making bicycles metals mineral ores metals dug ground look metals things remove metal rock mineral ore ore dug ground ore separated soil rocks
look pictures plants growing soils kinds soil affect plants grow ask teacher separate cups soil place bit soil cup sheet paper describe color kind soil soil loose tightly packed plant kind seeds cups soil seeds watered sunny spot weeks observe plants grow soils cups properties soils think helped plants grow boulder picture big need machine move thousands boulder slowly crumble part soil soil mixture crushed rock living matter air water look pictures rocks broken pieces smaller smaller picture pieces rock small called sand grains dig soil check sand pieces rock large solid rocks break pieces drawing shows rocks break look closely boulder tiny holes cracks water rain snow fills holes cracks water freezes takes space freezing water pushes rock arrows show melting freezing continue rock slowly breaks plant picture breaking rock soil collects cracks plants grow soil
goes jack mine produce tons salt jack manager salt mine louisiana ways salt says jack mining drill salt force fresh water salt water mixes salt brine salty water pump boil water evaporates leaves fine salt crystals salt put salt shaker salt mining dig salt deep earth salt put salt water ocean large ponds sun evaporates water salt settles bottom pond jack began working salt company college utah charge salt mine salt plant plant salt prepared company mines plants north america produce kinds salt animals salt dinner table farmers give salt animals healthy salt melt ice streets salt building roads salt mine chemicals chemicals salt produce paper soap glass products things rocks minerals rocks minerals needed toys bicycles buildings quarry large pit slabs rock earth
rainstorm picture want play basketball decide wait court dry wet spots disappear game begins happened water wet paper towel squeeze extra water paper towel wet mark chalkboard observe mark dries tear towel halves roll half tight ball spread half flat soon flattened half dry unfold half dry water chalkboard dried water wet towels think caused half dry faster wash hands dry towel water moves hands towel water stay towel water towel evaporates liquid gas gas water vapor part air swimming sun dry body sun heat makes water evaporate quickly body wind dries water water vapor mixes air water vapor cools change liquid condense water vapor girl warm breath breathes cool window water vapor condenses tiny water drops window happens puddle dries water condense cold winter live days water drink camels live deserts live weeks drinking water
took trip airplane spent water fourths earth surface covered water oceans largest bodies water lakes ponds bodies water pathways water include water flows river creek point body water pathway water picture think body water pathway water school try find drawing water map body pathway water chose map water bodies water pathways water earth heard stories shipwrecked spent days drifting ocean lifeboat thirsty drink ocean water water kinds amounts minerals ocean water lot mineral salt ocean water salt water salt water caribbean sea picture refreshing swimming salt water harmful drink oceans salt comes rock beneath ocean floor salt minerals rock slowly mix water surface water evaporates salt stays making ocean salty salt dinner tables comes ocean picture shows salt left shallow ocean water evaporated fresh water water salt nearly water fresh water water rivers ponds lakes ground
ago indoor water faucets carried water pump outdoors leave home water water flows open faucet water picture follow path water home water ground lake river water dirty harmful organisms water cleaned large pipes carry water water treatment plant water pure drinking tubes sand charcoal remove dirt chemicals added kill harmful organisms water safe drink travels storage area large pipes carry water storage area town smaller pipes branch large pipe carry water buildings pipes inside buildings bring water faucets open faucet water flows shown picture water travel flows faucet clean sparkling think times water imagine water supply suddenly need water drinking cooking washing growing crops ways enjoy clean water learning water wisely water important water wisely means keeping clean need
paper trees paper things trees wood hard part tree stem stem covered bark notice trees pictures walnut hard strong wood walnut wood furniture paneling pianos wood pine strong soft paper lumber comes pine trees soft airy wood balsa model airplanes boats cars maple syrup pancakes syrup liquid sap maple trees tiny tubes inside tree carry sap roots leaves sap runs bottom cut trunk pail shown picture sap boiled thickens maple syrup rubber comes sap tree latex milky liquid rubber tree collected maple sap rubber bicycle tires erasers rubber chewing gum sap tree sap hardens gum tree gum taste fruit mint flavors added gum give pleasing taste bark tree part growers carefully peel roll bark cinnamon tree cut cinnamon sticks cinnamon bark ground powder cooks cinnamon powder add flavor foods apple pie
imagine writing letter tree bark american indians wrote messages birch tree bark baskets cups objects bark birch tree birch bark stretched wooden frames strong light canoes north american indians rode bark canoes parts wore bark clothing picture shows trees cloth soften dye bark clothing skirt picture bark cloth bark making medicine bark cinchona tree medicine saved lives medicine quinine treat malaria malaria disease carried mosquitoes bitten mosquitoes sick run high fever quinine helps bring fever kill organisms disease bark quinine hundreds today doctors studying tree bark discover medicines cloth bedding clothing towels comes plants parts plants held stiff threads fibers plant fibers cloth notice patterns fibers cloth samples pictures strong fibers stems flax plants thick cloth stems plants dried scraped combed thin strips strips spun thread thread woven linen cloth fibers cotton cloth inside seed pod cotton plant cotton ripe pod pops open
plants business says marcia marcia plants chef plants cafeteria decoration customers prefer kind plants eat fruits vegetables marcia started working restaurant father father chef thirty started working fourteen job washing dishes high school college learned cook manage restaurant college chef helps marcia chef manager cafeteria feed course cook working kitchen cooks bakers dishwashers customers helping cook food marcia makes menu orders food times talk dietician sure meals serve nutritious cooking restaurant cafeteria hard holidays night enjoy liked compliment makes efforts worthwhile plant plant wooden pencils paper book plants food growing plants jobs depend plants carpenter largest plants trees
family lots things today grandmother birthday try help family help cleaning room help family play friends live play play friends meet park choose teams game belong groups school group person special part group hola ricardo hello ricardo born united states parents mexico fifteen ago speak english spanish school studying florida told friends florida means full flowers lunch herbie asked told thin pancake filled meat beans herbie tried loved famous baseball player class asked speak spanish seen friends look speak spanish talk mexico puerto rico cuba places speak spanish glad speak languages learn say spanish friend adios amigo school groups children mike group mike throw bottles greg stopped money bottles greg told saw program television
neighborhoods live kinds neighborhoods live neighbors unit shows neighborhoods alike sarah live davis street mom brother mrs mesa live door mom says lucky neighbors sick brought books read friend linda lives corner days mom goes linda house school read play games snacks mom comes home neighborhood think town nicest neighborhoods live neighborhoods sarah neighborhood sarah family larry live easy lost neighborhood couldn find bus stop walk block daniel lives block distance streets bus stops front house bus friends walk school don fourth street linden cross crowded glad bus
act hungry look apple food meal likely look food act classroom playground animal acts behavior kinds animals acts behave differently mealworm touch touched pet dog cat behave animal surroundings makes behave stimulus touch light sound heat cold odor food stimuli animal behaves stimulus response moving stimulus response fighting hiding hunting food building nest caring young responses bird picture feeding young wide open mouths young birds stimuli parent bird parent response feed young birds stimulus responses kinds animals shine light mealworm light stimulus backing mealworm response light mealworms hide dark places insect picture flew light response light response mealworm animals response stimulus depends animals senses animals kinds fish live lives caves blind response light animals sense things sense bees light colors
living working form society animals live societies animals society communicate jobs needed society warning danger caring young honeybees ants prairie dogs wolves baboons live societies insects live societies social insects social insects live nest hive members society jobs social insects members group odors forty thousand bees live honeybee hive termites ants live societies million termites live single nest army ants build nest looks insect nests picture shows living nest army ants hooked legs hang tree branches inside hollow logs hornets kinds wasps live societies paper chewing wood plant matter paper build nests picture honeybees live hive cells wax walls picture bees jobs society queen bee female larger bees lays thousands eggs bees feed care hive queen queens live worker bee female workers lay eggs rest hive workers live weeks drone bee male drones size workers hive
pictures show stages butterfly cycle butterflies lay eggs trees plants egg stage butterfly cycle caterpillars hatch eggs hundred caterpillars live adults caterpillar stage larva butterfly larva young animal looks adult caterpillar eats eats weight leaves caterpillar grows rapidly skin grow fast caterpillar grows skin tight splits caterpillar crawls skin bigger skin grows grown caterpillar attaches leaf branch begins stage metamorphosis pupa hard shiny covering protects pupa inside hard case caterpillar body butterfly weeks hard case pupa splits open adult butterfly comes caterpillars spin silky thread case cocoon cocoon picture protects pupa moth comes cocoon silk cloth threads cocoons caterpillars insects cockroaches grasshoppers crickets metamorphosis pictures show stages cycle cockroach cockroaches lay eggs egg cases protect young cockroach nymph looks adult smaller wings nymph sheds skin times grows adult cockroach looks parents adult female lays eggs hatch cockroach nymphs
respect weather says sam air force major power awesome hit sam joined air force high school ago air force interested weather combine interests airplanes weather started hurricane hunters job called weather reconnaissance means planes satellites collect weather information past major flown airplanes hurricanes enter hurricane meters enter wall clouds wind dangerous fly eye storm part hurricane hunter job find exactly storm located satellites accurate purpose hurricane hunters measure storm size wind speed air pressure important part job says major information national hurricane center information collect chemistry physics courses high school helpful preparing career received training air force part job knowing help save lives property heard expression talks weather change weather try observe understand predict meteorologist studies weather information weather stations balloons satellites radar information forecast
jules verne wrote book called journey center earth journey professor friends face adventures adventures book happen learn journey impossible earth shaped ball sphere ago wondered inside sphere dug mines wells found earth mine picture goes hundreds meters earth deepest goes kilometers center earth kilometers find inside earth seeing throw stone pond waves spread splash stone water waves earthquakes underground explosions waves earth waves travel earth directions scientists instruments measure speed direction waves inside earth fast waves travel solid rock waves stop run melted rock scientists observe waves figure infer inside earth scientists think earth divided major layers shown compare layers peach layer crust thin skin peach crust solid rock kilometers thick mines wells dug layer compare layer mantle yellow part peach eat mantle solid rock kilometers thick
pavement picture strong paved streets sidewalks playgrounds cracks pressure ground cracks tree root grow sidewalk growing root presses sidewalk crack shown press clay bends shape add pressure cracks form clay pressure earth crust cracks rock crust moves slides crack crack called fault drawing shows fault notice land moved crack rock fault remain hundreds thousands pressure build pressure reaches point forces rock slide rock fault move meters seconds faults deep crust faults visible earth surface drawing shows land fault rose form cliff land fault moves side side land san andreas fault california moved side side arrow picture shows land side fault moves north notice happened fence runs fault land moved carried part fence rocks crust push pull rub earth plates meet plate boundaries faults san andreas fault part boundary plates fault
scientist clever detective detective scientist studies clues explain mystery pictures show mysteries puzzled notice boulders field roll mountain mountain nearby heavy moved stream wind rock large scratches york city central park cut straight lines rock found strange boulders scratched rocks europe north america meantime group scientists began studying glaciers valleys alps mountains noticed large boulders left ground ice melted scientists found scratches rocky surface touched glacier decided glaciers moved boulders scratched surface mysteries solved today scientists think solved mysteries scientists think number ice ages ice age earth covered glaciers ice ice age climate earth cooler snow fell winter melt snow built forming huge sheets ice picture ice sheets moved slowly land places ice kilometers thick ice age began million ago map shows earth covered ice ice sheets moved dug ground scraped sides hills mountains
wrong fruit trees garden overrun insects kinds problems call says karen interested soil nutrients needed grow plants karen helps farmers control erosion thirty calls questions insects want identify control insects eating plants peoples plants grow soil tell sample soil bring office soil sample send lab analyze thousand soil samples lab find kinds chemicals soil tell kind fertilizers put gardens help plants grow karen interest soil plants began girl growing farm karen wanted learn soil help farmers gardeners college studied agricultural science today farmers county seek karen advice soil erosion growing crops hundred farms left county karen advises interested gardens talking individual farmers gardeners karen talks groups university libraries parks favorite part job helping understand problems fields gardens suggest ways correct problems shape earth surface affects live
places distinct seasons spring summer fall winter days longest summer shorter fall shortest winter days grow longer spring plants adapted seasonal annual plant marigold produces flowers seeds warm seasons plant dies seeds stay alive winter spring seeds sprout plants grow perennial stay alive plant produces flowers seeds plant parts ground die winter roots stay alive beneath soil protected cold grasses tulips perennials trees bushes stay alive winter trees broad leaves apple tree produce shoots flowers spring leaves stems grow summer fall seeds form plants develop inside fruit later leaves fruit fall tree seeds stay ground winter spring seeds sprout begin grow trees noticed pet dog thicker coat winter summer summer comes dog sheds hair heavy winter coat thins fall dog coat grows thicker animals grow thicker fur longer feathers winter comes fur keeps animal body heat inside cold weather summer heavy winter coat thins animal warm hot weather weasel active outdoors fur color seasons late fall white hairs begin weasel coat
train picture racing track kilometers hour moves distance train lot train moves energy ability energy high speed train energy electricity electricity runs shut energy left move train train able cars energy gasoline driver energy engine engine parts car moves faster examples energy fact body energy sitting heart pumping blood body place hand chest feel heart working heart live energy bodies comes food eat need lot food energy heart pumping energy need athletes shown try run kilometers running lot athletes eat balanced meals energy finish race moving ship energy energy wind makes ship able move water wind energy moves dust fallen leaves kites wind energy kite swoop air
cars lawn mowers tractors machines need motors engines properly lot machines need motors engines simple machine tool makes jobs easier simple machine parts seesaw picture simple machine called lever machine stiff bar board supported point point fulcrum metal stand seesaw fulcrum pushes end board board moves fulcrum end rises fulcrum middle lever boy lever fulcrum end pushes end lever moves fulcrum lifts heavy rock lever move rock simplest machines inclined plane machine flat surface end higher ramp inclined plane person picture inclined plane enter building simple machine wedge wedge cut split head axe wedge wedge pushes wood side axe splits log chisel wedge knife blade thin wedge notice front part bow boat forms wedge bow pushes side boat screw simple machine hold things
lot wrecking business knocking buildings says sidney vice president wrecking company chicago sidney began working ago engineer bringing building look blueprints order tear building safely built blueprints existed carefully inspected building find built walk building lumber bricks items saved small buildings wrecked crane ball operator knows hit wall fall place larger buildings cranes top floor buildings dynamited engineers put dynamite places building fall properly wrecking business dangerous says sidney expect building expect building sure dynamite experienced building breaking window street security guards sure dynamite parts job excitement variety travel country check buildings enjoy job actions improve area buildings buildings homes parks built think help build communities
neighborhood think living things think nonliving things neighborhood town planned planet living nonliving things environment living things environment include plants animals organisms nonliving parts environment include water air soil rocks light temperature picture shows part forest environment organisms find find soil rocks water light living things depend animals depend plants animals food plants depend animals pollination scatter seeds living things depend nonliving things plants need light air soil water live animals need food air water environment affects organism lives living things change nonliving parts environment living things help soil soil picture broken bits rocks bits dead plants animals water weather break rocks soil living things help break decay bodies dead plants animals decayed plants animals soil rich black nonliving things affect organisms ways kinds plants animals live water live climate mountain goat lives high top cold rocky peaks live hot sandy desert palm tree needs warm moist place live pine tree picture growing crack rock cold windy cliff
change environments build roads factories homes farms drain wetlands land farming industries build factories shores lakes rivers forests cut wood build homes paper cities towns built fields forests grew cities built land filling shallow lakes bays change environment living things affected organisms live places raccoon learned live city forest habitat cut coyotes wander backyards towns southwest homes built places coyotes lived plant gardens insects organisms live gardens organisms live changed environments insects lived forests food ivory billed woodpecker forests cut woodpeckers food ivory billed woodpeckers died drain wetlands environment greatly changed plants animals lived wetlands live drained land environment result pollution addition air water land makes harmful living things pollution streams lakes polluted wastes homes factories kinds wastes poisonous fish organisms live water animals eat fish sick die bodies decay part soil pollute pollution harm plants grow soil animals eat change environment affect living things
guess career started says george father wildlife journalist help wildlife journalist george writes articles wildlife takes pictures articles began taking pictures birds pictures won photography contest continued taking pictures sold magazine book publishers realized photographs easier sell story studied journalism college improve writing skills george enjoys taking photographs animal populations natural habitats pictures stories birds beauty birds movement flight colors feathers music songs george traveled forty countries photograph animal populations weeks month busiest times spring fall migration periods advice interested wildlife journalism start hobby pictures write stories free high school learn writing skills ways pictures want college fine arts school school journalism photography sharpen writing skills top notch photographer going school start sending pictures stories magazines newspaper publishers slowly build reputation wildlife journalist
country japan actually collection small islands east coast continent asia west japan sea japan east lies pacific ocean important fact japan part country sea japan main islands hundreds smaller islands surrounding waters north south main islands hokkaido honshu shikoku kyushu map waters surround islands cover area large california important fact japanese country crowded japan small size million half entire united states japan small country say densely heavily populated japan smaller crowded appears rugged hills mountains cover land harsh areas suitable farming suitable japanese live close coasts cities central southern parts country imagine trying raise food half united states area size west virginia look map page problem japanese farmers face percent japan land farmed japanese farmers plant piece land growing crops
lines latitude parallels run east west globe globe lines latitude circles drawn parallel globe parallels measured degrees north south equator equator base line parallels run north equator north pole run south equator south pole special parallels equator globe tropic cancer north equator arctic circle farther north north latitude tropic capricorn south equator antarctic circle south latitude notice number line latitude add north south show direction equator lines latitude half address system lines longitude meridians half longitude lines drawn north south north south poles globe shows lines longitude half circles meet poles meridians measured degrees east west prime meridian prime meridian longitude line meridians numbered east prime meridian west prime meridian word east west tells direction prime meridian bombay india located east means bombay degrees east prime meridian lines latitude longitude map globe form global grid globe notice line latitude crosses line longitude place
spanish explorers south america land peru ruled incas incas built walls terraces roads built temples layered gold large empire working smoothly able soldiers served army powerful runners swiftly carried important messages part vast empire inca society carefully organized lived worked groups village part group village group worked land stone buildings called granaries stored food grew grain inca rulers lived rest village today social groups similar incas ago live social group called consists hundred hundred live village land common farm land inca ancestors hundred ago families plot land grandfather family owns family members help farm boy grandfather owns land living family land brother sisters father mother living uncle aunt children house large family actually small adobe huts town huts bedrooms kitchens family farm land
french loved art history encouraged young artists countries france encouraged painters bring canvases colors brushes ideas encouraged sculptors country sculptors fashion statues shapes large blocks wood stone metal chipping block exact shape want left center artistic activity france capital city paris artists ideas coming paris find artists young ideas numbers young artists begun careers journey paris able try things art exchange ideas famous french pleased fine artists countries france proud artists born raised country late group french painters began painting kinds brushstrokes tried dabs strong bright colors gave impression light striking surfaces reflecting reason known impressionists began paint style saw startled hard find impressionists seriously nearly hundred ago today paintings french impressionists display finest art museums
village located north central part country india slightly north city delhi sits atop wide plain sea level find map page summers hot rainy fall winter warm rain spring hot dry live rajputs rajputs majority neighboring rajasthan ancestors members warrior ruler tribe today rajputs farmers land hand tools farm machines pulled full grown male cattle called rajput family wife married sons sons wives children type family called extended family rajput extended family lives series buildings extended family sleep building separate women house spend days farming fields women spend days courtyard women house main jobs prepare food clothing family rajput village women rarely leave houses courtyards follow custom staying public view according custom women stay walled screened areas homes yards town village wear veils cover faces eyes children small rajput mothers charge
climates climate place pattern weather period climate makes difference place live things variations climates climate partly result latitude general warmer climates found places receive direct rays sun cooler climates found places receive indirect rays sun earth divided latitude zones low latitudes middle latitudes high latitudes map page zones northern southern hemispheres low latitude zone begins latitude equator extends lands zone tend hottest climates receive sun direct rays places middle latitudes begin low latitudes leave northern hemisphere reach southern hemisphere extend part middle latitudes receive nearly direct sun rays rest receive indirect rays places middle latitudes cold winter weather warm summer weather high latitudes begin middle latitudes leave northern hemisphere reach north pole southern hemisphere reach south pole high latitudes receive sun direct rays summers high latitudes cold winters extremely cold
dr bell interpreter drove home edge kinshasa door heard joyful singing inside beating drum led music music stopped knock door opened door smiled hope knock singing couldn heard interpreter dr bell beautiful music want stop invited dr bell interpreter inside introduced friends seeing visitors friends left inviting dr bell interpreter sit sat dr bell spoke minutes friends music playing remind talk anthropologist saw dr bell told think luba friends left luba move village city try live close luba luba zaire thousand ago days king ruled advice judges tribal officers laws punished obey hardest task tribes kingdom fighting raids arabs coming white europe slowly ended power kings luba tribes remain grand chief
chinese government keeps close watch lives farm families communes closely controls activities city dwellers ways organizing urban areas subdivisions leaders report higher leaders city neighborhood elect members serve neighborhood committee committee hears complaints problems dog bitten family playing radio loudly heard speaking government building urgent need roof matters brought neighborhood committee members listen decide neighborhood elects block chief block chief acts kind supervisor neighborhood committee block chief keeps track committee reports information district chief district chiefs appointed government responsible team block chiefs represent twenty thousand families block chief speaks district chief needs problems neighborhood district chief hears going neighborhood block district district chief determine needs district information district chief government government officials aware need want aware saying stranger visiting relative comes city neighborhood block chief record report government official charge city dwellers shops factories
ago majority french canadians quebec lived countryside farmers lumberjacks winter lumberjacks cut trees spring huge logs river sawmills home family traditional french manner took pleasure graceful living enjoyed food lively conversation earning deal money important keeping family tradition strong families ten children twenty village families common neighbors traditional french ways ways province war ii canada war mainly farming country english speaking provinces war ended industrial power english speaking cities grew rapidly industries helped cities grow english schools cities began teaching business subjects prepare students jobs industry french canadian families villages farms rural quebec decided move city chose montreal settled eastern section city english speaking canadians lived western section city actually smaller cities single street st boulevard physical dividing line cultures montreal french canadians montreal found difficult industries schools countryside teaching business subjects learn trades beginning learn english language business railroads banks steamship companies insurance firms businesses owned english speaking canadians
separate countries tiny slavic nations match powerful neighbors hundreds ruled foreign powers including austria hungary turkey free foreign rule needed unite differences dialects differences religious beliefs differences kinds food ate separate german states united tiny slavic nations found differences war finally succeeded called nation kingdom serbs croats slovenes changed yugoslavia war ii germany invaded yugoslavia powerful german army overwhelmed yugoslavia eleven days yugoslavs determined remain foreign rule bravely fought bands civilians officially country army formed secret armies secret armies blew bridges set fire german supplies attacked german army units secret armies led named tito tito hoped push germans establish communist government yugoslavia thousands fellow citizens country major ethnic groups joined tito army knew tito family background mixture croatian slovenian knew try avoid ethnic quarrels ranks succeed driving foreign soldiers land put differences stood united tito military leadership battle battle tito civilian army defeated germans
kinds governments found today governments leaders leaders chosen recognized powers responsibilities countries leader monarch meaning word governs monarch king queen emperor empress leader generally inherits responsibility govern means power handed monarch family oldest child monarch king queen chapter read monarch king saudi arabia countries leader dictator strong leader holds power force power dictator backed group citizens group army leaders political party lesson read country ecuador ruled series dictators rule dictator power decide government dictators judgments based widely accepted laws simply standing countries united states leader president elected give president responsibility govern generally elected president shares power government president united states shares power judges court legislators elected congress legislators laws
switzerland country western europe known snowcapped mountains green meadows rushing rivers sparkling lakes towering mountains alps run southern part switzerland tiny country switzerland size hampshire vermont combined million live hub wheel switzerland surrounded countries seacoast landlocked nation neighbors west germany austria liechtenstein italy france map swiss language speak language country nearest swiss speak german speak french italian swiss speak languages speak english formation modern switzerland dates august leaders swiss communities met shore lake drew pact agreement mutual aid promised help invaded outsiders promised descendants continue honor pact communities original cantons switzerland canton european countries give switzerland canton important body government original cantons formed confederation confederation union states gradually cantons joined swiss confederation joined canton jura created part bern canton twenty cantons confederation swiss citizen canton government important national government ask swiss families say uri
communist revolution lenin rise power private landowners decided land revolution government leaders decisions government decisions eleven revolution especially important affected futures rural russians problems russian countryside wanted russia communist country fought hard opposed droughts caused poor harvests turn caused food shortages millions badly undernourished ill difficult government tried force peasants cooperate system peasants allowed farm land pleased required turn harvest government end peasants producing food risk refused give crops government leaders saw peasants cooperating changed policy decided let peasants sell goods city markets profits peasants pay small tax plan called economic policy effect food production increased revolution control farm production government announced plans collectivize land small neighboring farms combined large farms government management peasants land worked teams farmlands belonging word collectivization spread peasants protested want give land burned crops killed cattle turn government
live village part large collective farm family includes mrs ten daughter elena son ivan center village community center nearby school library nursery medical clinic live room log cabin homes settlement electric lights television set running water house acre land raise fruits vegetables chickens families collective private gardens depend garden food collective farm spend tending garden animals sell spare farmers markets found villages cities families collective rise dawn mornings week breakfast include cabbage black bread eggs family leaves collective headquarters receive assignments mrs bring ivan nursery elena village school elena goes school days week ivan stays nursery parents pick home mrs side side fields especially harvest season assigned job driving tractors wife tends cattle sheep mrs picks ivan nursery
numbers keeping track increasingly important aspect modern sports statisticians hundreds kinds records research enables announcers sportswriters liven reports sports photographers employed newspapers magazines individual teams job tell story games play pictures television crews film sports events takes field sports includes kinds think related athletics lawyers agents needed represent athletes experts negotiating contracts spell salary agreements players teams architects design sports complexes arenas training centers deal sports design fashion artists design uniforms footwear individual performers ice skaters need special costumes competitions games invent sports thousands polo hundreds tennis golf basketball invented james naismith college teacher england platform tennis invented sixty ago inventors difference established games ago japanese inventor idea aluminum baseball bats japan someday design tennis racket running shoe type golf club football helmet prevent neck injury
imagine group hunters living thousands ago cooking food campfire tossed scraps meat wild dogs attracted odors campfire feed scraps wild dogs began depend food stayed campsite hunters began depend dogs barking scare dangerous animals later tamed wild dogs developed close relationship pet dogs today symbiosis special relationship unlike organisms live closely organisms benefit living closely bird crocodile mouth looks trouble crocodile harm bird crocodile keeps mouth open bird feeds wormlike organisms called leeches inside crocodile mouth leeches attach inside crocodile mouth suck blood food crocodile bird benefit close relationship bird food crocodile rid leeches organisms live closely organisms benefit organism harmed helped relationship orchids picture growing tree orchids stem tree support orchids harm help tree growing look closely picture shark smaller fish attached shark smaller fish fish swims shark eats small pieces food shark leaves
savanna community picture kinds organisms look closely picture organisms numerous plants animals live savanna zebras numerous lions size population community depends food energy population food energy flows food chains community link food chain organisms energy rest energy passed organisms food chain plant populations begin flow energy sunlight food food energy live grow leftover energy stored leaves stems plant parts plants stored energy passed zebras herbivores food herbivores food energy store rest bodies herbivores stored energy passes food lions consumers community energy stored dead plants animals passed decomposers feed dead matter ways leftover energy continues moving food chains energy link food chain energy organisms links pyramid shows energy populations community producers energy energy directly sun energy frogs plants insects community energy needs
scientist studied population starfish living seacoast interested learning large starfish population stopped increasing estimated population starfish increase size trillion drawings illustrate starfish population grow large growing starfish population soon fill seas starfish population increase ecosystem resources support organisms starfish starve run oxygen space live populations getting large number ways disease accidents kill organisms chance reproduce predators sizes populations organisms die unsuccessful competing limited resources resources ecosystem support number organisms number ecosystem carrying capacity suppose liter fish tank hiding places oxygen fish add fish tank adding hiding places oxygen soon discover fish die number organisms amount resources ecosystem balanced balance called balance nature plants pictures balance resources ecosystem desert ecosystems water support small number plants plants spaced plant water soil plants rain forests closely spaced soil water
allen smiles proudly puts finishing touches bouquet flowers enjoy flowers home says working flowers plants wonderful career floral shop owner allen able grow arrange plants run business morning calls wholesalers wholesalers sell flowers floral shops florists grow flowers space florists order flowers customers wholesalers grow flowers florists flowers able care properly allen background art took classes plants learn plant care enjoy challenges freedom customer order bouquet flowers want decide kinds flowers opportunity talents creativity customer feel knowing flowers help beautify room brighten plants provide jobs areas botanists scientists interested plants grow botanists experts specific fields botany botanist study plant structure botanist expert breeding plants botanists study plants medicines botanists need research assistants assist botanist laboratory research assistants collect classify plants search information library research assistants attend college
think ate lunch yesterday peanut butter sandwich glass milk apple picture eat wide variety foods foods nutrients chemicals body needs carbohydrates starches sugars kind nutrient bread carbohydrates peanut butter nutrients fats proteins foods vitamins minerals water nutrient found foods body needs carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water properly stay healthy nutrients complicated chemicals notice chain makes starch molecule picture body molecule starch broken simple molecule glucose compare starch molecule shape simple shape glucose molecule body actually digestion process breaking complicated chemicals nutrients forms body special substances enzymes aid digestion speeding chemical breakdown food digestion begins mouth chew teeth break food smaller pieces saliva mixes food soft moist enzyme saliva begins breaking carbohydrates food tongue moves food forms soft ball swallow swallow food moves throat muscular tube esophagus stomach find stomach picture stomach thick walled muscular pouch stretches full folds empty wrinkled surface stomach picture stretches smooth stomach full food
live weeks food days water live minutes oxygen respiratory system helps oxygen air blood muscles help breathe notice dome shaped muscle beneath lungs muscle diaphragm lowers contracts begin inhale muscles ribs pull ribs feel ribcage move deep breath diaphragm lowers ribcage expands space inside lungs smaller air inside lungs squeezed exhale fingers trace path air follow picture air enters respiratory system nose small hairs nose filter dust sticky lining mucus coats inside nose mucus captures bacteria dirt air breathe nose air warmed temperature body cleaned warm air travels mouth throat food air travel throat part windpipe trachea esophagus branch throat passage notice flap cartilage epiglottis trachea epiglottis covers trachea prevents food getting lungs swallow swallowing epiglottis rests trachea allowing air move lungs voice box larynx structure air passes swallow feel larynx move soft folds tissue vocal cords inside larynx
ages period growth change known adolescence beginning adolescence grow centimeters gain kilograms weight growth spurt adolescence body proportions change parts body grow faster instance hands feet grow quickly rest body feel awkward arms legs catch growth body shape change compare pictures adolescence boy shoulders widened arm muscles thicker girl waist thinner hips widened adolescence coarse hair begins grow parts body boys girls start growing hair arms lower pelvic region addition hair grows boy chest face body changing occur inside body vocal cords longer making voice fuller deeper boy especially notices change voice occur inside body girls reproductive organs ovaries begin releasing female reproductive cells reproductive organs boys testes begin producing male reproductive cells ovaries testes release chemicals physical adolescence adolescence begins begin adolescence late teens compare twelve olds picture notice age grow rates
wake suddenly clock morning turned alarm overslept put clothes grab books leave house eating breakfast later feel tired restless skipped breakfast body lacks nutrients need feel healthy stay alert foods kinds nutrients carbohydrates fats proteins vitamins minerals water find foods carbohydrates picture carbohydrates sugars starches body breaks energy carbohydrates dietary fiber plant materials body digest dietary fiber helps flush wastes large intestine fats butter oil nuts meats foods picture give energy eat fats carbohydrates body body excess nutrients fat tissue fat tissue body holds heat cushions organs body energy foods eat fat tissue broken cells digested fats hormones cell parts foods picture high protein fats proteins hormones cell parts provide energy proteins provide energy fats proteins important building cells proteins chemical building blocks called amino acids body amino acids proteins proteins help repair cells carbohydrates fats proteins provide energy cells food energy measured calories age need calories energy hearts beating stomachs churning nerves sending impulses carry basic body activities
moving furniture picture difficult job lift heavy furniture floor house carry furniture house stairs lift furniture truck finally put furniture truck motion furniture lift carry lower let furniture gravity pull gravity furniture motion change motion object force force push pull force change object motion ways force object rest start moving stop moving object speed slow moving object change direction object motion motion furniture force motion object force forces act force change object motion pull heavy chair making move chair remains rest gravity stronger case forces gravity force act object forces act object picture shows forces acting tray food gravity pulls tray air presses hold tray force balance gravity air put tray table table holds tray
seen inside radio computer game look jumbled pile machinery piece machinery reason says linda piece helps radio computer linda knows talking electrical engineer electrical engineers design build radios computers motors electrical equipment engineering job power generating station electricity designed equipment showed construction workers put job working transformers transformer large piece equipment strength electricity transformer broke entire neighborhood electricity job inspect transformer figure fixed today linda supervises workers including engineers meets workers discuss problems electrical engineers areas jobs want kinds electrical equipment improved trying improve ways making electricity tasks require trained engineers engineers learn basic skills college engineer creative enjoy solving problems works electricity school bus engine start electricity televisions telephones electricity electricity big part lives find jobs field electronic assemblers put kinds equipment including radios televisions calculators thousands separate parts machine assembler works part
energy atom shooting particles central part nucleus atom nucleus splits releases large amounts energy power plants energy produce electricity diagram shows process release energy nucleus atom nuclear energy moving neutron particle hits atomic nucleus causing split smaller nuclei splitting nucleus releases neutrons huge amounts energy neutrons hit nuclei split neutrons energy released collisions neutrons nuclei continue chain reaction huge amounts energy released collision splitting atomic nuclei nuclear fission harmful helpful uncontrolled reaction collisions occur energy released explosion atom bomb explosion results uncontrolled chain reaction scientists decrease collisions chain reaction removing neutron particles released splitting atoms nuclear energy released controlled produce electricity nuclear power plants split uranium atoms produce nuclear energy nuclear fission takes place container picture container nuclear fission controlled produce explosion nuclear energy produced nuclear power plant heat large amounts water high temperature hot water heats pipes carrying cooler water boils steam steam turns turbine turns electrical generator electricity produced homes businesses factories
steam picture coming cracks earth surface shows energy beneath ground geothermal energy energy inside earth energy comes atoms inside earth core atoms uranium continuously break release energy geothermal energy furnace heats inside earth heat underground water temperature celsius diagram shows places geothermal energy produce electricity geothermal power plants wells drilled deep ground wells let underground steam hot water move earth surface pipes carry steam turbines electrical generators power plants geysers plant california largest geothermal power plant produces half electricity city san francisco geothermal power plants pollute environment releasing harmful chemicals underground tides seacoast energy source tidal energy comes movement tides dam picture row turbines electrical generators set wall water tide moves shore flows dam pushes blades turbines turbines turn generators produce electricity tide goes water flows turbines direction produces electricity tidal energy clean safe living seacoasts high low tides energy source tidal power plants disturb habitats organisms living seashore sun wind underground heat tides renewable energy sources
stars form kinds galaxies pictures show galaxies curved arms give galaxies winding spiral shape resembles pinwheel galaxies elliptical shape uneven irregular shape galaxies center appears packed stars galaxies rotate stars moving center galaxy milky galaxy looks space scientists travel millions light space scientists inferred shape galaxy studying stars close sun noticed stars grouped form arms spiral galaxy arms scientists inferred milky galaxy spiral galaxy solar system located milky galaxy center galaxy point drawings sky packed stars photograph earth shows numbers stars parts sky solar system located center milky galaxy shown point drawings scientists infer look region sky stars looking center galaxy look region sky fewer stars looking edges galaxy karl jansky american engineer tried rid static radio receiver static fact static returned surprised discover earth
scientists challenges exploring universe invent instruments studying stars galaxies objects space build spacecraft travel longer distances space scientists tried discover ways knowledge space improve earth materials medicines difficult impossible earth scientists think medicines materials easily space gravity scientists planning send small factories space materials orbit earth space factories carried space large spacecraft space shuttle columbia shown pictures columbia spacecraft reused trips earth space notice columbia large storage room carrying cargo space factories space shuttle mechanical arm lift factories release space later shuttle return factories bring earth materials factories scientists waiting list businesses citizens want send kinds cargo space shuttle interested learning animals behave environment gravity interested testing electronic equipment making kinds metals sending communication satellites space scientists think overpopulation earth search homes future live huge spacecraft space colony orbit earth space colony home thousands millions picture shows space colony look
imagine trying land helicopter forest difficult detailed map show pilot clearings forest imagine find landing place moon started working national aeronautics space administration nasa says leo part team helped safe landing sites astronauts leo engineer working special projects air force expert interpreting photographs airplanes tell aerial photograph showed things overlook skills handy helping select landing places moon apollo astronauts photographs moon help choose landing sites says leo photographs cameras satellites lunar orbit photographs detailed maps tell rough smooth surfaces located leo works photographs satellites cameras pointed earth satellites called orbit earth pictures areas earth computers add colors photographs give lot information photographs tell worldwide farming insect problems flood forest fire earthquake damage photographs help locate natural resources petroleum careers nasa leo require college education leo additional advice learn communicate communication satellites space shuttle successful success helped spark interest careers related exploring spa
alive move machine move grow grows things machines clouds energy food living things share main traits special things living things organisms grow food living material grow height weight full sized oak tree grows small acorn compare sizes tree acorn pictures organisms reproduce produce organisms notice baby rabbits look mother newly hatched lizards tiny young plants sprouting mushrooms organisms produced parent organisms organisms respond environments surroundings animal picture responds danger defending plant responds light turning leaves sun called respond answering looking fourth organisms energy energy growing reproducing responding comes food cat energy run high speeds plant picture energy grow break rock roots organisms small units called cells picture shows enlarged view cells tree cell basic building block cells shapes sizes cells small seen unaided eye living things cell large organism person billions cells
vertebrates divided smaller groups groups animal body temperature stays animal hot cold environment animals constant body temperatures called warm blooded endothermic heat bodies control heat hold body covering hair feathers helps hold heat keeping warm takes deal energy endothermic animals eat group endothermic vertebrates includes animals pictures mammals group animals hair hair helps hold body heat dogs horses deal hair fur mammals dolphins hair mammals animals give milk young cat picture giving milk kittens mammals babies grow inside mother mammals platypus lay eggs give milk mammals lungs breathe air water mammals whales dolphins surface water breathe mammals differ ways study pictures mammals differ structure size habitat live found feather hard guess type animal group endothermic vertebrates birds animals feathers feathers help birds warm notice feathers wings goose hard separate feather penguin feathers small close birds fly bodies built flying
quarter million kinds flowering plants live land flowering plants water lilies live water notice variety flowers picture foods flowering plants grind grains wheat oats flour bread eat leaves stems roots fruits seeds flowering plants flowering plants flowers flowers alike drawing shows cut open flower flowers reproductive parts plant parts flower differ flowers colorful petals flower maple tree picture petals maple flower small rarely notice grasses elm trees flowers rarely inside seed flowering plant tiny plant seed food plant starts grow seeds flowering plants grow inside fruits cover protect seeds fruit covering helps seeds carried places seeds grow animals carry fruits wind water carry fruits think fruits sweet juicy apple picture fruits nuts dry hard acorn dry fruit oak tree milkweed pod fruit seeds connected fuzzy threads flowering plants narrow tubes transport water food plant tubes leaves veins easy transport tubes cut open stem
moment feel thirsty hungry drink water eat food fill empty stomach drink eat cells need water food organisms need water food cells water food tiny bits particles enter cell water particles easily pass cells carrot slice stiff soaking cupful water billions water particles pass membranes carrot cells vacuoles carrot cells hold water particles water particles reach blood drink glass water juice water particles pass stomach cells intestines blood vessels lie cells water particles pass cells intestines blood food broken particles reach blood teeth grind food small pieces stomach intestines break pieces particles particles move cells intestines finally food particles move cells blood soon eating blood nutrients food water particles body needs cells body need nutrients carry activities blood carries nutrients body cells nutrients move blood cells water food particles pass membranes cells cells energy pull food particles drawings show nutrients intestines reach body cells nutrients move cells blood low nutrients
find hare group cats look size shape ears look kind legs paws hare look differences tail organisms genes trait hare gene pairs thin ears cat gene pairs short cone shaped ears hare genes large paws powerful hind legs cat genes smaller paws shorter hind legs tail size hare genes short fluffy tail cats genes smooth tails lynx house cat types cats pictures show genes traits lynx gene pairs short tail pointed black ear tips form house cat gene pairs tail rounded ear tips cats inherited genes organisms species genes trait house cats pictured genes cat fur cat genes color length fur himalayan cat dark markings thick fur curly whiskers rex cat match curly fur tortoise shell cat patched coat house cats show differences trait variations fur variations caused genes show variations traits melanin substance skin color gene pair directs skin cells melanin
think career medicine think nurses doctors anita knows job medical technologist extremely important making healthy big part job says anita looking blood cells microscope doctor nurse takes blood sample patient technologist looking blood cells performing tests tell blood healthy diseased looks wrong blood figure wrong report findings doctor decide treat patient enjoy variety things studying blood samples teach skills medical students doctors meetings learn things blood cells blood diseases times meet doctors check patients visit schools talk children anita college medical technologist spent working expert blood cells technicians help technologists lab need training high school hospitals labs open hours means needed times evenings school matter job field medicine exciting challenging area lot hospitals patients doctor condition treatment written medical record
suppose decided build tree house gather wood nails start build finished house takes space air inside house takes space sit house space amount space object takes size volume object volume measure house air body mass amount material object measure mass object balance boy picture measuring mass wood block idea build house space idea material mass takes space mass matter houses air matter matter includes object think decide matter ask mass space answer yes questions object matter idea mass space idea matter matter comes forms sizes solid liquid gas forms called states matter solid matter solids definite shape definite volume wood nails pencils coins ice solids iceberg picture shows solid definite shape definite volume liquid matter water milk vinegar vegetable oil liquids liquids definite shape
felt hot summer picture feel sun baking earth describing heat comes easy heat comes sun fires hot objects defining heat difficult heat flow energy warmer objects cooler place hand ice cube hand begin feel cold ice cube begin melt heat flows hand ice cube imagine placing ice cube cold freezer air freezer colder ice cube heat flow ice cube air heat flows ice cube ice cube temperature air freezer water pan molecules moving add heat water molecules move faster hotter water faster molecules move temperature related fast molecules substance moving temperature measured thermometer molecules move slowly temperature lower water cold molecules move rapidly temperature higher water hot heat temperature thing imagine cup bathtub filled warm water mass water bathtub greater mass water cup temperature water cup bathtub bathtub holds greater mass water bathtub heat
mornings grass wet rain night water molecules air changed gas liquid condensed condensation happens warm moist air cools air yard warm night air cools water vapor air condenses cool surfaces water drops picture form grass drops called dew form car windows roofs evaporation condensation physical explain happens ice melts water boils evaporation condensation mirror bathroom steam shower carve piece wood physical change wood remains wood changed shape burn wood fireplace left wood molecules wood join oxygen air recognize wood anymore burning wood chemical change change substances formed substances formed ashes water vapor carbon dioxide gas ash formed wood burns soft gray powder water vapor carbon dioxide colorless odorless gases substances formed chemical change look act differently original substance pictures show elements sodium chlorine sodium silvery metal soft cut knife chlorine heavy greenish yellow gas sodium chlorine dangerous poisons
voices cheerleaders heard roar crowd cheerleaders makes voices louder find sounds easily heard paper cone twist large piece heavy paper form cone sure cone open ends tape paper cone shape ask classmate partner partner stand sit meter partner whisper hello notice loud partner voice sounds ask partner whisper hello small end paper cone notice difference loudness partner voice ask partner whisper hello paper cone place small end cone ear listen partner whispers hello compare loudness sounds finally repeat activity whisper partner listen describe explain partner voice changed cone describe explain partner voice sounded listened cone think trumpets trombones cone shaped ends sounds voices produced vibrates able speak vocal cords pairs thin tissue windpipe vibrate vocal cords thick sheets stretched rubber feel vibrations vocal cords place fingers lightly throat speak speaking vocal cords relaxed picture shows relaxed vocal cords speak vocal cords tighten vibrate air passes narrow opening
hear sounds sounds wake morning bells ring school classes start hear voices teachers friends hear voices live telephone telephone picture main parts speak transmitter listen receiver sound waves voice vibrate thin metal disk transmitter small cup carbon grains attached disk vibrating disk pushes grains electric current flows telephone wires carry electric current phone receiver listener telephone current flowing piece metal receiver vibrates metal disk vibrations reproduce sound waves speaker voice sounds hear phonograph record hand lens look closely record grooves picture grooves look thin wavy lines sounds hear vibrations stored record place needle grooves spinning record grooves vibrate needle vibrations changed weak electrical signals signals travel needle device called amplifier magnifies electrical signals amplified signals reach speaker phonograph player speaker vibrates sound waves stored record reproduced hear sounds recorded ribbon plastic tape tape coated powdery substance iron oxide easily magnetized
notice images picture images formed light bounces smooth surface light bounced reflected surfaces reflect light form images smooth shiny surfaces reflect light form images light rays hit smooth piece aluminum foil rays reflect direction rough surfaces reflect light images form wrinkled foil rays scatter reflect directions drawings show light rays reflected foil reflected light ways cars trucks department stores cameras mirrors let images reflected places mirrors smooth surfaces polished metal silver coated glass notice pictures beam light bounces flat mirror ball bounces floor drawing shows light reflects mirror straight lines angle light hits mirror curved mirrors reflect light rays angles hit surface surface curved rays hit places bounce directions directions rays reflect depend surface curved saw observing spoons curved mirrors images look larger smaller real things explain wrinkled piece aluminum foil produce image mirrors change direction light angle light hits mirror compare angle leaves mirror curved mirrors
cars important families cars cars shopping visit friends car school dentist music lessons places car main air pollution today cars burn gasoline give large amounts gases air gases carbon monoxide poisonous color odor small amounts carbon monoxide headaches dizziness carbon monoxide takes place oxygen blood heart harder supply oxygen body strain heart dangerous elderly heart breathing problems cars give gases add air pollution sunlight gases chemicals irritate eyes nose lungs result blanket harmful gases known smog picture shows smog air large city notice color air cities large numbers cars drive cars smog found large cities cities car pools public transportation decrease number cars road decreasing number cars decrease amount exhaust gases put air pollutant cars lead leaded gasoline newer cars engines lead free gasoline older cars replaced lead pollution decrease car makers developing cars pollution
past wanted rid trash threw threw streets alleys packed wagon dumped edge town open dumping caused problems trash ugly smelled bad attracted rats animals carried diseases changed dispose trash trash crushed deposited open areas layer trash dumped smashed covered layer dirt layer trash dumped covered dirt method trash disposal called landfill building picture built area landfill burning trash dispose wastes trash burned smoke filled air burning trash added air pollution today furnaces burning trash incinerators developed incinerators smokestacks reduce air pollution incinerators collect heat energy produced burning trash energy heat homes businesses picture shows plant dade county florida plant produces fuel trash fuel burned produce electricity trash fuel save nearly million barrels oil dealing trash problem recycling changing waste products waste products paper glass aluminum recycled taking newspapers bottles cans recycled glass bottles crushed melted bottles
biggest problems deal garbage garbage carolyn part battle garbage problem manager aluminum recycling plant plant says carolyn recycle kilograms aluminum week collect aluminum citizens large companies thing separate steel aluminum large magnet aluminum weighed shredded pieces size popcorn pieces melted reshaped aluminum products helping solve garbage problem carolyn points advantages recycling recycling aluminum cans saving energy needed produce cans recycling helps conserve natural resources recycle aluminum times need mine aluminum ore collect aluminum cans helping america beautiful money pay bringing aluminum cans bring pie plates frozen dinner trays foil tornado struck gave lot aluminum siding houses high school carolyn took business courses working recycling plant knowing important community garbage kinds pollution major concern skills control stop pollution sanitary engineer designs water treatment plants sewage treatment plants sanitary landfills engineer spends lot building site
past big puzzle millions pieces harder fit pieces want learn past detective look clues places read letters books written ago places things past saved talk past dig earth leads clue fit part puzzle puzzle put past things today understanding past help prepare future think reasons study past think belongs care give maybe friend maybe favorite record baseball glove maybe picture mom puppy treasure care show friends try find things learn treasures important lot museums set treasures look learn care treasures museums care things save largest museums country smithsonian institution smithsonian museums washington country capital full space treasures
try measuring distances map pages place piece paper bar scale mark length unit shows hundred miles find capital city city place unit miles cities distance hundred miles numbers bar scale find maps globes pictures models earth show earth standing real earth moving moving ways movements give night seasons movement earth night called rotation rotate means spin earth spins twenty hours moving west east feel spinning results earth turns sun sun rise east occurs earth turns half sun set west part earth turns sun night drawing earth spins rate thousand miles hour spins imaginary pole called axis imaginary pole runs center earth north pole south pole earth axis tilted addition rotating axis earth moving revolving sun revolves sun days earth path sun called orbit
indians americans thousands homes land fished rivers lakes hunted fields forests gathered fruits berries raised crops indians belonged groups spoke languages beliefs customs land ways spent lives hunting making camp places settled place generations groups alike respect land wisely chapter read indian groups read try find answers questions land climate group lives group land groups alike indian children learn ways group read story brave bear brave bear real boy things happen story happened delaware indian boys ago story takes place hundred ago delaware lived northeastern part country find home map page brave bear remember heard story delaware live delaware jersey chief village repeated story tell journey according legend delaware walked cold lands north searched warmer climate finally reached atlantic coast
look map page find thirteen colonies west lies fence thousands feet high thousand miles fence tell map appalachian mountains american revolution land side mountains closed settlers revolution ended allowed move west settle land mountains lay appalachians america frontier frontier line line known unknown say frontier today space colonists appalachians hunters explorers knew riches frontier lands daniel boone teenager lived family western north carolina foot mountains learned live wilderness young crossed appalachians times cumberland gap boone told beautiful country west mountains named richard henderson listened boone stories decided start colony kentucky henderson bought large piece land cherokee indians hired daniel boone lead settlers homes kentucky end pioneers chosen cross mountains pioneers move frontier horses foot covered wagons trails map page trail cumberland gap famous known wilderness road
worker california lumber mill saw shiny bottom stream picked piece gold size dime worker knew worth lot money found gold stream meant earth nearby worker mill owner knew rich tried gold secret news discovery leaked prospectors prospectors miners look gold riches earth pans scooped sand bottom stream lucky found flakes gold settled bottom dug ground stream gold quickly set claims drove wooden signs ground names meant mine piece claimed land rushed place gold found thousands hoping rich overnight gold rush spread prospectors searching gold parts california called forty parts america parts left jobs homes families strike rich american blacks free slave east escaping lives servants moved west china mined worked carpenters cooks gold rush san francisco small port hundred hundreds thousands crammed streets businesses grew buildings
choose move place reasons look americans tell chose live carmen morrison laughed told left hometown reading pennsylvania february snow knees carmen gotten tired pennsylvania cold winters hit hardest going company worked road edge town morrison explained end stuck hours waiting roads cleared big snow inside getting mornings morrison tells worse wait corner thirty minutes bus freezing temperatures february going warm morrison say moved enjoy outdoor sports rugby track field east re limited indoor sports cold months re interested volleyball basketball wait spring winter months crazy felt morrison wanted try living big city san francisco small town reading liked idea things big city cold winter february morrison loaded belongings van drove california knew hard find job computer programmer businesses needed programmers money saved live california
word big comes lot west talked west america biggest alaska biggest population california north america biggest mountains rockies census region west big size thirteen states including alaska hawaii states referred pacific west border pacific ocean washington oregon california hawaii alaska states east called mountain west physical map show reason west begins edge plains plains end suddenly backbone north america rocky mountains snow covers high slopes imaginary line called continental divide runs north south rockies line rivers continent divide choose separate paths seas flow east head west pacific huge mountains rise pacific west called sierra nevada rocky mountains dry rocky land high plateaus strange forms rock rise brown level earth look towers needles look castles plateaus cut deep brightly colored canyons reds purples oranges giant paintbrush grand canyon arizona spectacular colorado river carved gash earth land plateaus driest land america desert country rivers colorado river fed melting snows rocky mountains
motto crossroads america describes interstate highways crisscross follow routes pioneer wagons ago capital indianapolis city city mixture large office buildings shopping centers sports arena historical homes museums monuments early canal tiny villages began blacksmiths wagon shops small towns cities today indiana important farming industry farm land covers factories gary hammond east chicago whiting indiana port lake michigan burns waterway harbor connects st lawrence seaway atlantic ocean goods shipped ohio river mississippi river gulf mexico rivers recreation electricity climate helped indiana farming rain places irrigated summers hot perfect making corn grow snow winter cleared highways favorite winter sports indiana major manufacturing steel producing factories car parts musical instruments nickname live indiana farmers corn soybeans wheat hay oats raised indiana hogs chickens cattle miners statue limestone chances limestone indiana mineral products coal sand gravel clay gypsum today thirds live cities towns smaller communities serve trading centers farming areas
national government person team team player responsible duties players harmony teammate tries power teammates stop government system checks balances works team players legislative executive judicial branches legislative branch makes laws executive branch sees re carried judicial branch settles arguments laws executive branch tries laws legislative branch power check stop actions congress legislative law making part government congress parts part called house representatives sends number representatives serve house representatives states representatives house part called senate matter size sends representatives senate takes house representatives senate pass laws united states suppose senator idea law suggested law called bill senate agree bill house representatives house approval bill goes president president signs bill law president refuse sign bill called veto happens bill goes congress congress decide forget bill law congress thirds members vote bill law
hot warm cold chilly damp rainy windy cloudy snowy words think describe weather weather explained hundred ways days weather phoenix dry climate minneapolis cold climate weather climate measured main factors measure weather climate temperature precipitation precipitation moisture falls earth suppose checked thermometer noon wrote temperatures kind picture climate hot summer live cold winter weather measured period falls predictable patterns patterns climate kind climate winter temperatures range summer temperatures fall live cool climate climate determined live earth warmth comes sun sun strikes earth differently points times differences temperature earth axis tilted earth revolves sun axis stays tilted look diagram page live northern hemisphere half earth north equator tilt northern hemisphere pointed sun june means summer begun hemisphere temperature rising southern hemisphere leaning sun
fly southern nevada look brown colored mountains pockets sand spot green speck blue highlight desert browns scattered christmas tree lights signs bighorn sheep live mountainous desert country water days sagebrush rocky land dry climate graphs show climate las vegas heart desert find map pages city nearly spanish traders named las vegas slow start stopped las vegas water supply located natural spring middle desert tried farming land wasn water growing crops community desert continue grow lifeline water hoover dam built thirty miles las vegas colorado river lake sapphire blue giving water formed dam las vegas water needed thrive water crops water drinking washing cooking watering lawns making electricity hot dry region population grew las vegas large modern city today tourists visit las vegas round saudi arabia large size united states east mississippi river country natural lake river find saudi arabia map pages riyadh capital city
hundred ago houses heavy paper fastened wooden frames withstand wind rain earthquakes fires enemies cold need worry study climate graphs southern part japan enjoys warm climate learned think country warm wet climate major farming country look physical map pages find japan country size montana backbone mountains stretching length islands japan sixth largest country population means crowded japan choices decided future knew couldn grow food room mountains steep grow lot rice rice grows warm climate stand pools water called rice paddies japan flat land rice paddies carved stair steps mountainsides called terracing rest japan food imported countries return food japan sells countries goods manufactures japan import raw materials raw materials things lumber turned products furniture based geography japan decided manufacturing country climate farming country result millions live tokyo japan large cities tokyo major manufacturing banking center
warm climate santa clara county growing fruit especially cherries plums apricots fruit growing important industry industry country chip manufacturing chips small parts run electronic machines computers video games climate important reason chip manufacturers built companies santa clara county knew willing county warm pleasant climate reason land county valley miles flat land land easy build chip manufacturers willing pay high price land orchard owners realized money selling land raising fruit sold land chip manufacturers owners cut cherry trees fruit trees bulldozers cleared land building santa clara county place chip industry reason universities nearby scientists skilled electronics worked universities chip manufacturers santa clara county call lend talents knowledge chip manufacturing company began growing making money companies sprang county picked companies students interested electronics universities companies bankers business help companies started kinds industries advantage location workers companies santa clara county began fill companies took space houses stores built workers
ingredients inventions predictable course easier television instant shows events happening television information days weeks reach say television makes easier entertains don leave homes movie inventions cheap buy televisions started expensive price dropped united states television sets television changed lives computers robots recent inventions ingredients common television computers machines help solve problems directions humans feed computers information tell computers information save store information telephone directory computer memory directory information listed alphabetically names ask computer tell names living single street lived big city days weeks names computer tell seconds computers huge filled floor large office building machines costly big industries afford computers saving things businesses wanted scientists soon found ways computers smaller cheaper invented chips product read chapter
sun star huge ball glowing gases heat light revolving sun planets earth planets mercury venus mars jupiter saturn uranus neptune pluto find diagram page planet path orbit makes sun planets mercury venus closer sun earth closer hot temperatures hot exist planets farther sun earth means cold cold water warmth support planets earth planet revolving sun supports temperatures hot cold sun rays warm planet greenhouse rivers lakes water gardens plants animals grow feed hungry living things earth lucky live planet close sun family planets moons objects revolve sun called solar system means sun system sun family planet earth small speck solar system solar system small speck larger family stars galaxy galaxy milky billion stars milky
typical san miguel starts early farmers sell produce town open market sun getting ready customers maria maria younger sister rebecca shares bedroom rely mother call school girls smell breakfast cooking school uniforms kitchen maria younger brothers carlitos father seated kitchen table maria father head waiter town restaurants maria says works ten hours maria mother busy teacher preparing breakfast family puts full school disabled children breakfast maria house consists scrambled eggs beans tortillas sweet type bread served milk breakfast maria rebecca put backpacks kiss parents goodbye start fifteen minute walk school maria walks brother sister enjoys walking walk school difficult climb steep hills maria mind enjoys passing open market vendors selling vegetables flowers baskets beans rice friends market place mexican children help parents market stalls morning school late afternoon early evening maria meets friends front school
sean egan lives canada suburb montreal canada largest cities find montreal map page lives parents younger sister laura ground floor apartment egan apartment tall brick building called row house called row house houses look similar lined neat rows sean father drives subway train living working job sean says family adjusting father hours egan works weekends days week leaves afternoon home early hours morning mrs egan housewife free says spent volunteer community organizations school starts week september ends week june sean wakes breakfast eats bowl cereal piece fruit leaves house walks blocks woodland school school begins schools united states sean classmates line bell rings entering building teachers woodland school teach english language schools montreal parts canada teach french canada recognizes english french official languages sean subjects include math reading writing french gym science art cooking favorite subject looking forward taking law courses older
climates western hemisphere hot wet jungles ice caps found climate pattern weather place period climate makes difference place live differences climate climate place influenced latitude general places latitudes receive direct rays sun warmer places receive direct rays learned directness rays place receives depends season earth position relation sun earth divided latitude zones zones shown map western hemisphere page zones low latitudes middle latitudes high latitudes map zones northern hemisphere zones southern hemisphere exactly northern hemisphere half earth north equator southern hemisphere south equator areas low latitude zones tend hottest climates low latitudes areas extend north south equator areas warmest receive direct sun rays longer place earth middle latitudes extend north south equator middle latitudes receive nearly direct rays sun part indirect rays remainder areas zone cool cold winters warm hot summers
trees undoubtedly eastern woodland indians friends north indians drew sap maple trees delicious syrup wove beautiful baskets bark wood countless ways indians tools weapons wood bowls spoons utensils wooden canoes burned wooden logs snowshoes important tracking winter game wood eastern woodland indians lived wigwams shaped domes lodges beavers frameworks poles wood walls covered sheets bark northern tribes lived houses named houses held twenty families fire wigwams houses houses wood covered bark families important lives woodland tribes living small families parents children woodland tribes formed extended families extended family includes members generations grandparents aunts uncles cousins lived close helped raise children plant crops care addition tribes clans clan group descended common ancestor members woodland clans helped defend enemies joined religious ceremonies clan chief chiefs inherited positions rights lead rule tribe chief making decision talked council council chiefs clans tribal chief binding laws
portuguese continued search east indies going south coast africa vasco da rounded africa continued northeast months later landed india map european reach indies taking sea route involved travels india portugal took interest lands west explorer named pedro cabral landed brazil claimed portugal brazil important foothold portugal seeking riches spain sending explorers west began establish colonies west indies colonies settlements leave country settle land west indies spain expeditions parts spain continued look western route india explorers vasco de balboa group explorers left spanish settlement hispaniola panama central america indians lived told balboa ocean south mountains present panama balboa indians set isthmus search ocean hacked dense jungle swords fought insects snakes climbed towering mountains balboa sighted large body water called south seas later renamed pacific ocean spanish sure indies sailing west
early england explorer named henry hudson find northwest passage hudson trips england netherlands sailed farther north adventurer failed find passage discovered explored hudson bay areas canada map page hudson explorations helped increase england interest canada set colonies french trappers canada visited king england wanted financial backing establish fur trading company hudson bay french king refused willing venture north country idea sharing wealth fur trade appealed english king england established north american fur trading post later issued charter group eighteen businessmen form fur trading company hudson bay known hudson bay company vastly rich powerful firm basically controlled british lands canada charter granted land drained rivers emptied bay unknown added million acres land company set posts bay unlike french company venture inland british stayed waited indians hudson bay hundreds miles north closest french settlement french english soon clashed land fur trading rights french attack english posts
canada achieved government areas canada foreign affairs dealings countries largely handled britain times arrangement led problems britain involved war south africa britain hoped canadian soldiers help fight war stirred differences french english canadians french canadians want fight britain wars south african war ended quickly war proved canadians needed conduct foreign affairs war broke europe britain sought help canada war france england united states countries fought germany allies canadian troops fought bravely war canadians lost lives bloody struggle canadian factories produced guns shells war food canadian farms fed hungry europeans war canadians help win war canada demanded part peace conferences canada signed final peace treaty germany canadian official signature appeared important international paper war nations established league nations league nations today united nations canada member league nations waiting approval britain leaders england soon realized colony canada completely independent declaration independence war mother country canadians simply control affairs
canada united states democracies nonetheless differences ways government canada government chapter read compare contrast government united states lesson describes canada federal government shares power provinces lesson describes canada parliamentary system lesson discusses important role voter canada role political parties canada federal system united states federal system plan government divides power responsibilities national provincial governments united states power responsibilities divided fifty states national government washington canada divides political power ten provinces central government ottawa decides power unit government exactly powers canada federal system constitution defines powers government constitution set rules laws explains government serving powers united states federal government clearly defined united states constitution written contrast canada constitution partly written partly unwritten written part constitution spells powers federal provincial governments unwritten part includes customs ordinary laws decisions courts canada adopted constitution april canada written constitution british north america act read unit constitution retains british north america act spells clearly powers procedures government
look map page find prince edward island eastern coast mainland gulf st lawrence look closely speck enormous mass canada prince edward island smallest canada provinces half size connecticut high population density square mile province island ten miles east brunswick ten miles north nova scotia charlottetown capital city island rest island rural prince edward island atlantic provinces supported fishing industry main resource rich red soil farming main occupation fact prince edward island called garden province chief crop island potatoes potatoes grown island huge beaches potato fields potatoes famous canada united states excellent quality dairy farming important farmers grow need feed cows oats corn grains barley tourism important industry prince edward island wonder island beautiful gentle hills roll land part island sea magnificent sandy beaches wind miles coast mild ocean breezes warm water create excellent conditions summer bathers prince edward island population ten island british descent
historically economies central american nations greatly dependent agriculture agriculture important today part increasingly complicated economic systems economic system includes ways nation satisfies wants needs resources natural human central america chosen diverse land abundant natural resources number ways mountains lowlands raise food crops crops exported countries built modern cities products manufactured chapter live guatemalan villages large city el salvador small farms costa rica discover central america land fascinating variety live guatemala today descendants maya live remote villages thick jungles guatemala style mixture archaeologists studied ruins left ancient maya found pictures statues tools show maya lived ago indians living guatemala today live maya hundreds ago ancient maya corn staple food staple food eat grown easily potatoes staple food americans today corn staple food descendants maya farmers simple digging stick shallow holes ground hole farmers drop kernel corn
ancient legend says god spoke wandering aztec tribe god told aztecs look place find eagle sitting cactus eagle eating snake spot god commanded aztecs build city tenochtitlan hundred later spaniards tenochtitlan beauty aztec capital overwhelmed island city laced canals towering canals pyramids built honor aztec gods bloody war soon broke aztecs spaniards war wonderful city tenochtitlan wrecked spaniards conquered aztecs built city site called city mexico mexico city capital mexico grew beautiful cities earth broad boulevards lined palm trees cut length width city fountains quiet green parks built late air pure sit parks look snowy mountain peaks aztecs loved mexico city longer clean air major industrial center flock hoping find jobs city factories factories produce autos textiles machinery iron steel estimated newcomers arrive seventeen million live mexico city making largest cities population experts believe mexico city largest city mexico city exploding population produced problems newcomers flocking city poor countryside
mexico rich oil mexican government leaders hope money sale oil greatly strengthen nation economy country communities oil field creates problems solves country welcome discovery oil field means money spent oil workers community means jobs open oil field discovered peaceful countryside quickly trucks bulldozers jeeps swarm fields diesel engines roar pour black fumes crisp mountain air heavy duty pumps whirl clanging steel heard mile farmlands torn pipelines laid money spent oil workers benefit local restaurants hotels spring owned community owners charge high prices oil workers soon prices rise runaway inflation comes country communities oil field ancient times hills woodlands places air smelled fresh wild flowers bloomed towns known quiet unhurried remains today gentle older destroyed oil industry moves area amount oil country ground called oil reserve scientists believe mexico oil reserves reserves saudi arabia mexico production oil increasing steadily mexico pumping million barrels oil early figure jumped million barrels
rio de brazil beautiful city locate city map page tucked lush forested mountains waters bay bay leads atlantic ocean tourists sites sugar loaf mountains rise middle city atop mountain giant statue christ rio de beautiful city bustling industrial trading center factories produce food products metals chemicals automobiles rio de variety ancestral backgrounds descendants black slaves brought brazil portuguese colonial times mixed ancestry city immigrated portugal spain italy germany rio de speak portuguese official language brazil rio de attractive city respects quality brought problems city rio de metropolitan population million largest city brazil biggest western hemisphere city area large population density extremely heavy average eighty thousand square mile overpopulation brings problems newcomers rio de frequently greeted disappointment rural areas west city find jobs proper housing forced live ramshackle slums skirt hills bordering city rio de live
western brazil west united states respects huge sparsely settled area south amazon west heavily populated east coast centuries expanse land open range wealthy landowners built estates covered thousands square miles raised cattle part giant region undeveloped land serving purpose brazilians dreamed developing wilderness government officials decided dream decided build city west serve capital brazil thought centrally located capital serve needs modern city built overcrowded east coast want move planners thought city brasilia born capital brazil building remained officials hope city reason greatest architects helped design city today brasilia ultra modern city government business buildings glass concrete law building stories high wide tree lined streets beautiful parks homes modern conveniences brasilia spotlessly clean run find brasilia map page recently number satellite cities built brasilia communities populations thousands warmly greet neighbors communities cheerful warm
buenos aires means air ago capital city argentina living badly polluted city buenos aires grown extremely fast growth industry industry thousands smokestacks pouring poisons air millions city workers drove cars exhaust fumes polluted air amount garbage generated growing numbers gigantic measures solve severe problems environment garbage simply burned open dumps city ash soot blackened dirty city buenos aires concerned pollution problem took action domingo laura bright young lawyer city planner driving small river outskirts buenos aires laura noticed homes banks reason river flooded land swampy idea struck laura bury garbage swampy land cover soil trash problem city solved laura figured plant trees soil scientist laura knew trees help clean air supply oxygen consume carbon dioxide trees words control pollution parks playgrounds built reclaimed land laura named idea green belt drew plans flew swampy land took photographs outlined steps administrators engineers financiers laura received important award
billion ago mighty explosion thought occurred matter present began spread rate universe expanding today noise original explosion big bang heard form background radiation space trace appears snow television receiver tuned channel receiving picture big bang gases hurtling directions expand end collapse gravitational attraction repeat process ending cycle bang collapse bang clouds gases formed later collapsed gravitational attraction forming galaxies clusters hundreds billions stars figure billions galaxies milky billion ago outer edge milky solar system sun earth sister planets took form widely held current view planets built clumps solid matter gravitational attraction aggregation cold dust particles earth grew slowly process weight outer layers compressed interior planet resulting pressures energy radioactive decay heated interior melted viscous liquid settling heavier elements led fluid iron nickel core radius approximately kilometers core lies kilometer thick mantle dense silicate materials mantle lighter crust kilometers km thick continents thinning km places oceans
development optical refinements staining techniques major preoccupation cell biologists development stains service desire greater contrast parts cell tissue stains aid differentiating kind organism eagerly sought christian gram danish physician developed uncomplicated stain lasted high technology era single common important tool study bacteria gram stain separates kinds bacteria distinct groups gram positive gram negative smear bacteria microscope slide soaked violet dye treated iodine washed alcohol gram positive bacteria retain violet dye blue purple shown illustration alcohol washes violet stain gram negative bacteria bacteria pick pink red shown gram staining characteristics crucial consideration grouping kinds bacteria important determining identity bacteria unknown sample staining characteristics reflect chemical differences objects stained fundamental differences structures cell walls gram positive gram negative bacteria electron sketches show thick layer exterior plasma membrane gram positive cells gram negative cell wall typically layer cell surrounded outer membrane distinct chemical makeup plasma membrane consequences features endless relate disease causing characteristics bacteria
nuclei ribosomes mitochondria endoplasmic reticulum found essentially eukaryotic cells class organelles plastids produced plants protists familiar plastids chloroplast site photosynthesis chlorophyll plant protist cell obvious feature leaf green color makes thin slice leaf looks microscope quickly discovers leaf colorless green seen contained numerous chloroplasts cells plant cells chloroplasts roots colorless green waste energy materials plant provide cells reside dark chloroplasts photosynthesis requires light animal cells produce chloroplasts animal cells functional chloroplasts organelles free chloroplasts derived plants eaten food bound chloroplasts contained unicellular algae actually living animal tissues green color corals common sea anemones figure results chloroplasts algae live animals animals derive nutrition photosynthesis guest chloroplasts mitochondrion chloroplast surrounded membranes case membranes unfolded surround organelle smooth closely fitting double layer arising membrane series internal membranes structure arrangement vary group photosynthetic organisms purposes concentrate chloroplasts flowering plants
partway prophase homologous chromosomes repel especially held regions physical attachments homologous chromosomes figure regions attachments occur shaped appearance called singular meaning cross greek fact reflects exchange material chromatids homologous chromosomes geneticists call crossing figure deal say crossing genetic consequences coming chapters actual exchange material occurs shortly begins visible later period repulsion homologues prophase metaphase continue gradually move ends holding homologues prophase nuclear envelope disappear spindle formed attached kinetochores chromosomes metaphase moved equatorial plate kinetochores connected poles reached ends chromosomes pulled separation occurs individual chromosomes called half botanists consists chromatids unlike mitotic pulled poles homologous chromosome pair going pole going opposite pole figure daughter nuclei division half chromosomes present original nucleus
dealing bacteria viruses basic necessities individuals dealing impractical count indirect methods employed bacteria standard method spread known volume culture surface sterile solid medium contained petri plate medium type bacterium spread surface divides progeny turn divide colony visible naked eye soon appears conditions bacterium rise separate colony count colonies directly measures number bacteria plated number bacteria put plate colonies plate difficult count accurately fewer approximately half dozen colonies worry statistical variation set plates produces total colony idea bacteria original sample number small avoid problems prepares number plates dilutions original culture technique serial dilution tenth milliliter original sample added ml sterile medium diluting culture factor diluted sample ml added ml sterile medium giving fold dilution original culture continued steps dilution tubes ml bacterial suspension plated separate petri plate
copy gene present possibility copies evolve differently retain original function copy change slightly extensively set genes derived called gene family reside chromosomes individual members bunched single chromosome evolutionarily ancient gene family found vertebrates family proteins involved binding transport oxygen components hemoglobin oxygen carrying pigment red blood cells found myoglobin related protein carries oxygen muscle fibers chapter hemoglobin adult humans polypeptides chemical type hemoglobin fetuses types polypeptides differ found adult hemoglobin polypeptides found earliest stages polypeptides derive genes descended single ancestral gene genes gene families differ perform essential functions genes lie tight cluster chromosomes genes lie cluster figure clusters genes identified figure greek letter psi closely similar base sequence genes code polypeptides apparently nonfunctional genes called
known plant growth substances variety responses seemingly unrelated raising major questions plant physiology effects growth substance arise common master chemical reaction molecular level growth substances act question answered growth substance auxin beginning gain insight central mechanisms molecular response appreciate mechanism briefly consider architecture plant cell wall principal strengthening component plant cell wall cellulose large polymer glucose chapter wall cellulose molecules tend associate forming crystalline regions called figure individual cellulose molecules extend regions bundles approximately cellulose molecules including constitute visible electron microscope rigidity wall based network cellulose embedded jelly matrix smaller polysaccharides figure peter colleagues university colorado proposed model molecular architecture cell wall showing cellulose interconnected means polysaccharides figure growth plant cell driven primarily uptake water enters cytoplasm cell vacuole figure chapter vacuole expands cell grows rapidly vacuole making percent total volume fully expanded cell vacuole presses cytoplasm cell wall wall resists pressure
fungi heterotrophs number form symbiotic partnerships organisms kingdoms partner photosynthetic fungal member team contribute importantly nutrition partnership lichens associations consisting matted fungi bacteria unicellular algae chapters bacteria algae carry photosynthesis feed fungi fungal mat collects stores water minerals mechanical protection algae plants including species depend mutually beneficial symbiotic association fungi order adequate supply water mineral elements plants root hairs insufficient provide commodities sustain maximum growth roots infected fungus wraps invade cells giving rise roots affected characteristically branch extensively swollen club shaped figure hyphae filaments fungus increase surface area absorption water minerals mass sponge holds water efficiently neighborhood root flowering plants families form liverworts ferns club mosses gymnosperms fossils million found possess structures invariably found species plants cranberry orchids live nitrogen poor habitats nature orchid seeds germinate infected fungus form plants chlorophyll parasite dodder figure chapter shared roots green photosynthetic plants
food passed preliminary mechanical chemical processing mouth gut digestive tract consisting compartments gut important things happen digestion food macromolecules completed products digestion nutrients absorbed body proper cells lining gut appreciate animals digest absorb food look processes protist genus paramecium figure includes species unicellular organisms covered rapidly beating cilia propel environment freshwater pond paramecia distinctive oral groove lined cilia create current water pushing food water base groove pressure leads formation chapter food vacuoles essentially piece environment food digestive enzymes synthesized cytoplasm secreted food vacuole break food particles products pass vacuole membrane remainder cell serving nutrients paramecium nutrients water removed food vacuole vacuole smaller smaller finally remaining contents ejected spot called anal pore food digested brought cell pattern digestion intracellular animals contrast perform extracellular digestion simplest systems found phylum jellyfish sea anemones corals hydra body cavity gastrovascular cavity cavity connects opening serves mouth anus figures
memory learning closely related difficult distinguish experimentally tests learning animal testing ability remember visual auditory patterns recall sequences acts undoubtedly categories memory easily demonstrated kinds short term term memory readily remember telephone number takes minutes lost short term memory permanent memory stores telephone number home familiar numbers say permanent term memory change doubt mammals memory function cortex striking evidence assertion provided canadian wilder late experiments patients undergoing surgery epilepsy found electric stimulation specific points surface temporal lobes figure elicits highly graphic detailed memories past events stimulation points leads memories repeated stimulation point elicits specific memory thought memory consequence establishing fixed pathways brain thought sees striking object experience leads pattern firing visual cortex areas replay pattern activities neurons synapses precisely presumably original sensation experienced totally specific pattern neurons fire recalling previous event longer considered likely basis memory
number arthropods ears include crickets moths moths ears exclusively warning system bat attacks shown studies kenneth tufts university ear moth employs pair sensory neurons connected sounding board properly called tympanic membrane moth thorax figure chapter spiders crickets similar tympanic system mounted legs number neurons involved seldom reptiles fishes sound plays small role sounds thousand cycles thousand hertz abbreviated hz detected birds mammals acoustical communication reaches tremendous complexity external structures ear flaps help birds mammals sense directionality frequency ranges human instance extend hz adults children sound waves air sensory neurons respond liquid elaborate structures developed transmit compression waves highly compressible gaseous medium fluid medium humans achieved absorbing energy large disc tympanic membrane eardrum transmitting set levers small disk oval window cochlea mammals levers known picturesquely called hammer anvil stirrup figure human ear cochlea spiral chamber flat membrane basilar membrane stretched tightly course canal cochlea separates liquid filled canals figure
early evolution nucleic acids genes proteins enzymes processes unknown genetic code evolved mechanisms translation proteins forms earliest systems capable unknown unlikely stages closely resembled mechanisms observe today current dna rna protein system highly complex precise clearly result period evolution influence natural selection processes nucleic acid structure replication easy dna simple monotonous uniform structure physical properties suited catalyzing metabolic reaction dna ideal developing call genotype provide foundation meaningful phenotypes provide phenotypes transcription translation chapter giving rise proteins physical properties determined specific sequences amino acids key problem evolution genetic determine process translating dna proteins evolved current guesses crude recent findings rrna providing important clues process evolved control types rate chemical reactions translation genetic messages phenotypes subsequent stages evolution involved accumulation biological polymers compounds systems increasing complexity complexity served bring components precise physical relationships gradually improving coordination control chemical reactions occurring systems
important stage history organisms dispersal stage individuals move places live adults organisms plants sessile animals dispersal occurs spores seeds early history growth place organisms insects birds disperse primarily adults disperse stages individuals species change locations times lives response environmental remain place settle reproductive stage part cycles involves sexual asexual production offspring species begin reproduce reached full size start small continue reproduce grow plants begin reproduce reach full size continuously growing animals mollusks fish reptiles overlaps times growth reproduction nonetheless basic conflict growth reproduction compete limited amount energy individual disposal part lives organisms energy gathering commonly stage covers entire history species energy harvesting confined stage figure moths feed larvae adults lack mouth parts digestive tracts live energy gathered larvae survive find mates disperse lay eggs history stages functional stages discrete temporal stages organisms things
difficult detect requires detailed evidence partners aided harmed nonetheless cases influence partner trivial relationship cattle egrets white heron grazing mammals figure cattle egrets found tropics subtropics occur central united states northern argentina found foraging ground cattle concentrate attention heads cattle insects flushed vegetation feet mouths cows cattle egrets foraging cows capture food effort egrets foraging cows benefit clear evidence cattle affected include mosses orchids grow trunks branches trees figure figure chapter intercept light grow large actually break tree branches effect trees obviously benefit trees provide attachment sites offer food form nutrients running surfaces trunks branches widespread important affect virtually plant animals groups advanced ecologically important examples involve monerans nitrogen fixing bacteria genus receive protection nutrients host provide host nitrates short supply terrestrial environments chapter plants involved mutualistic associations fungi attached roots box chapter
continents separated evolution produced species genera families endemic found location continent australia longest separation distinct continents south america distinct isolated continents nearly million north america eurasia united earth history similar differences continents maintained climatic topographic barriers large water gaps exist africa isolated europe asia broad expanses desert india parts southern asia isolated northern asia himalayan mountains north america eastern western forests separated extensive grasslands woodland animals represented closely related species regions term histories continents respect resulted evolution distinctive form basis dividing major regions shown figure notice exception australia regions today separated water gaps distinctiveness due past separations maintained part today topographic climatic barriers organisms typical regions shown figures despite barriers dispersal major exchanges organisms continents evident current distributions taxa revealed fossil evidence horses camels evolved north america extinct
considerable experience things matter filled container partway water times maybe pan boiled ears corn eggs maybe bathtub happened added corn eggs pan happened sat tub level water rose experience fill container water overflows added apparently water pushed displaced object added eggs corn occupy space reach conclusion rush dark room discover chair open closet door occupies space property occupying space volume property matter property gases think balloon inflated balloon small limp blow air lungs balloon larger fairly rigid air gas lungs occupies space bicycle pump inflate bicycle tire basketball football yes gases solids liquids occupy space walk room pick objects difficulty happens lift book chair coat lamp ball matter lift muscles exert force force find release grip object
meter excellent unit measuring dimensions room awkward measuring length pencil needle obviously need smaller unit metric system offers simple solution meter divided ten parts called decimeter dm decimeter convenient unit measuring length pencil pencil suppose pencil exactly obtain accurate measurement simple french divide decimeter ten parts called centimeter cm meter divided centimeters millimeters mm table meters equals kilometer km unit measure distances distance cities units length metric system related beautiful simplicity large unit changed smaller unit dividing ten parts small unit changed larger unit combining ten small units part speaking express measurement larger smaller units moving decimal point places left meters dm centimeters cm millimeters mm cm equivalent mm cm equal mm unit length measurement dimension immediately basis measurement area involves dimensions volume involves dimensions
look photographs pages common glance wonder electric cart guitar toaster lump coal flashlight nuclear explosion possibly common energy ability involved yes photograph shows energy changed form electric cart moon earth electric energy changed mechanical energy energy motion guitar mechanical energy changed sound energy toaster electric energy changed thermal energy heat course light energy burning coal chemical energy changed thermal energy light energy flashlight series takes place chemical energy changed electric energy changed light energy forms energy nuclear energy atomic bomb change consider original question couldn say photograph shows energy converter look burning lump coal coal burns energy occur particles carbon combine particles oxygen form particles carbon dioxide lump coal chemical energy smallest particles oxygen smallest particles carbon dioxide particles gases energy answer question developed studies science began hundred ago
microscope try sprinkle pinch lycopodium powder drop water slide observe slide microscope watch carefully minutes particles move constantly erratically short jumps follow path single particle form zigzag path motion particles light beam drop water examples movement named english scientist robert brown investigating suspension fine pollen grains microscope brown noticed grains moved zigzag dalton proposed atomic theory brown thought tiny moving particles actually molecules scientists later realized pollen grains small molecules movement due motion molecules let single drop water enormous number molecules moving directions instant water molecules striking pollen grain moving direction pollen grain pushed direction instant later water molecules striking pollen grain moving direction pollen grain pushed direction water molecules constantly change direction push pollen grains zigzag manner similar happens smoke particles floating air molecules air give push individual molecules air water small seen
starting known volume gas charles found temperature raised degree volume increases original temperature raised degrees volume increases original liter gas heated volume liters data investigation observe charles measurements constant pressure effect temperature change determined charles discovered direct relationship volume gas temperature known charles law temperature investigation volume gas measured celsius scale scientists absolute scale temperature precise statement charles law absolute scale equals simply add celsius temperature find absolute temperature including conditions constant pressure absolute temperature charles law stated follows volume gas varies directly absolute temperature provided pressure remains constant scientists explain effect temperature volume gas consider cylinder filled gas closed end piston assume pressure remains constant gas heated molecules begin move faster molecules move faster move farther
scene squash court west stands stagg field athletic stadium university chicago nearly month team forty scientists piling graphite blocks wooden framework layer blocks slugs uranium proceeded greatest secrecy curious thing scientists building camouflage call simply pile layer put place dr enrico fermi project director signal metal rods pulled pile instruments begin click graph pen starts moving upward dr fermi calculations slide rule face broadens smile closes slide rule says reaction sustaining chicago december midst war ii successful trial run nuclear reactor sustained controlled release energy locked nuclei atoms achieved phenomenon history making invisible soundless instruments tell dr fermi team scientists age nuclear power born nuclear reactors commonplace light cities heal sick help scientists discover facts agricultural research power submarines reactors products
ago king syracuse asked archimedes study newly crown suspected jeweler crown replaced gold silver crown weighed original gold irregular shape impossible find dimensions accurately archimedes tell crown pure gold scientists problem think things history full important discoveries oddest times archimedes case answer bathing getting water noticed water rose tub spilled edge water displaced pushed flash archimedes solved problem crown excited forgot put clothes rushed street shouting eureka eureka found archimedes discovered solution problem general principle object fluid fluids course substances flow liquids gases fluids based archimedes scientists build vessels descend deepest parts oceans vessels strong withstand tremendous pressure depths bathtub wade lake swim feel water pushing part body water feels push push fluids exert surface remember pressure
gases cohesive forces molecules weaker liquids gases definite shape definite volume expand fill container mountain climbers difficulty breathing reach heights density atmosphere decreases distance earth increases atmosphere escape altogether learned chapter atmosphere weight force gravity atmosphere large escaping space large bodies exert force atmosphere planets atmosphere scientists think satellite solar system large conditions atmosphere titan sixth satellite saturn satellites live bottom ocean air air mixture gases gases exert buoyant forces atmosphere able buoy things air matter weight prove air weight tying string neck empty balloon weighing fill balloon air weigh balloon weighs doubt found balloon filled air weighed empty balloon effect weight air atmospheric pressure pressure water weight water pressure surface earth weight atmosphere
suppose scientist hundred ago knowledge heat summarized heat fluid makes things hot flows hot things cold things fluid called caloric caloric flows substance caloric takes space causing substance expand caloric substance hotter substance greater expansion caloric flows substance substance colder contracts caloric added solid substance caloric combines substance liquid caloric added liquid combine form gas caloric created destroyed changed caloric invisible taste odor weight fact direct detect caloric effects observed ideas sound strange today studying science late seventeen hundreds told facts memorized areas investigated chapter chance learn investigating nature heat temperature scientists interested processes try develop satisfying explanations things observe scientists ago tried summary read attempt explain observations field heat temperature
knows exactly magnetism discovered greek writings discussed magnetism ago likely magnetism independently discovered china case discovery magnetism accident ancient scholars investigators listened tales accepted traditional explanations relied magic explain things observed knew travelers greatly feared isle lodestone island underwater mound magnetism strong pulled nails wooden ships story goes scholars knew magnets attracted iron magnet magnetize small piece metal magnetic compass pointed northerly direction understood magnetism centuries later scholars learned technique investigation began organize knowledge gained englishman william gilbert wrote book contained known magnetism centuries later relation magnetism electricity discovered familiar magnets magnetic devices thought magnets gigantic magnets part particle accelerator understand magnetism chapter investigate relation electricity magnetism gather evidence test hypotheses bit magnetism think magnets continue chapter find house works magnetism kind magnets familiar
live today lived hundred ago wear clothes eat foods live kind house means communication entertainment transportation travelled hydrofoil reasons differences growth population improvements education vast increases scientific engineering knowledge major foundations present living electric energy ago scientists knew electric current form energy theoretically knew converted forms energy scientists carry energy conversions laboratory middle nineteenth century converted mechanical energy electric energy practical scale electric energy daily living oersted shown electric current produce magnetism process reverse magnetism produce electric current natural question scientists europe united states investigated problem american teacher scientist joseph henry discover electric current magnetism henry developed powerful electromagnets known wrapped strips cloth wire coiled wire times core strong magnetic field produced
current produced electric generator illustration presents practical problems met problem twisting wires leading armature easy overcome problem pair brushes rub rings armature shaft problem kind follow diagrams notice coil turns section moving section moving means current generated moving downward voltages tend current flow clockwise armature winding means electrons flow wire marked negative terminal dry cell similarly armature winding marked electrons flow positive terminal dry cell case section moving figure remember part rotating loop rotate dotted axis illustration section front forward section move moves starts coming means current section goes current section direction opposite current
happens kinetic energy electrons moving electric circuit simplest case converted heat heating element iron filament incandescent lamp accurately think situation speeding electrons kinetic energy bombarding atoms increasing vibration increasing thermal energy raising temperature concept energy moving charges turns conversion electric energy thermal energy common reverse devices convert thermal energy electric energy sense heat engine operate electric generator devices convert thermal energy directly electric energy present efficient practical science technology move forward event exchange ratio electric mechanical energy constant safe assuming concepts conversion energy conservation energy extended include electric energy consider radiant energy light radio waves cosmic radiation radiation relate forms energy takes energy create electric field create magnetic field fields collapses energy entirely returned electric circuit energy travels space speed light
scientists large amounts radioactive isotopes shield excessive amounts radiation radioactive isotopes emit alpha beta gamma radiation alpha radiation readily absorbed glass container radioactive isotopes shipped piece cardboard beta radiation absorbed aluminum gamma radiation absorbed lead determine amount thickness aluminum needed absorb beta radiation construct apparatus shown diagram attach tube geiger counter place open bottle phosphorus emits beta radiation lower shelf determine radioactivity geiger counter place thin aluminum sheet shelf phosphorus reading geiger counter aluminum sheet absorb beta radiation add identical sheet aluminum reading beta radiation absorbed continue adding sheets aluminum taking readings beta radiation absorbed remember clicks geiger counter result background radiation check background radiation lead sheets radioactive iodine repeat procedure study absorption gamma radiation radioactive substances eventually disintegrate radioactive substances lose activity moments days retain activity hundreds thousands millions scientists express extent radioactive substances lose radioactivity terms half determine half radioactive iodine
put piece bread toaster minutes pops piece warm brown toast flow electricity produces heat toaster electric range heat electricity exactly want devices heat fire hazard connect meters iron wire series copper wire stretch wire board insulated knobs binding posts connect wire series volt storage battery rheostat rheostat variable electric resistance adjusting resistance rheostat change amount current circuit increase current iron wire begins glow copper wire affected compare resistance wires type wire select electric cords glowing lamp hot heat product electricity think relationship works heat produce electric current connect piece iron wire piece copper wire twisting ends cut copper wire point attach sensitive galvanometer ends copper wire place end wires beaker ice water end beaker tap water place thermometer tap water heat beaker tap water watch galvanometer reading
summer blackfoot bands camped buffalo hunt members tribe put tepees circle circle open east side door tepee faced east sun rose chief chose place camp rules rule hunt buffalo chief leaders band blackfeet planned buffalo hunt hunt rode quietly shooting distance buffalo herd formed half circle waited signal chief hunters silent moved chief gave signal hunters rushed herd hunters shot animals needed hunt women cleaned cut buffalo part blackfoot woman role woman husband shot buffalo helped women cleaning cutting help meat family food blackfoot expected share band left hungry blackfoot girl belonged club women girls women girls band club members club tepees decorated hides clothing beads girls learned women
ojo boy age family belong yoruba live lagos capital city nigeria nigeria nation west africa ojo favorite game soccer fact soccer favorite game nigeria soccer kind football ojo learned play school plays school team soccer teams ojo team eleven players team tries knock ball team goal score goal point players kick ball control feet hit ball heads bodies players leap high bounce ball heads goalkeeper touch ball hands arms game team captains flip coin decide team kicks line players called forwards game starts forwards try score goals forwards players called backs backs bigger forwards goalkeeper stands goal posts backs goalkeeper try protect goal ojo goalkeeper team boys able play team plays match game ojo part team important
hundred ago lived thirteen colonies formed nation won war england george washington leader continental army war loved asked george washington king nation refused want carry custom kings lead wanted elected chosen george washington elected president united states war peace hearts countrymen live nation leader elected parts united states ruled kings won independence thirteen colonies ruled king england russia owned alaska alaska ruled czar leader russia hawaiian islands ruled kings story hawaiian king hundred fifty ago boy named lived island hawaii hawaii islands hawaiian islands nephew king island born kings ruled hawaiian islands kings uncle ruled islands kings ruled parts islands kings uncle followers chiefs
united states country landforms snow capped mountains deep river valleys rolling hills flat plains features run miles small central valley california kilometers wide cross river valleys hundred steps large small shapes land seen united states shapes land change rain water runs slopes sea carries rock soil wears land forces deep earth raise land volcanoes erupt pile lava high form mountains earth fold hills course land seen floods earthquakes slowly hundreds show mountains rock masses rise meters ground steep slopes rise pointed peaks ridges mountains found lines called mountain ranges mount mckinley alaska highest peak north america stands mountains including appalachians formed folding rocks volcanic action formed mountains mt lassen cascade mountains spurted molten lava lower slopes mountains covered trees bushes higher air colder trees grow line trees longer grow called tree line
think colored blocks children play put shapes colors pattern put shapes colors pattern look united states ways patterns think weather climate put pattern hot cold wet dry look hills mountains rivers plains plateaus pattern landforms look live pattern building blocks book thinking united states regions midwest northeast south southwest west map page shows regions fit find lakes map page lakes linked rivers waterways lake superior east lake ontario stretch nearly kilometers northern united states south west lakes region called midwest states ohio indiana illinois michigan wisconsin minnesota iowa missouri kansas nebraska north south dakota midwest land seasons southern shores lake ontario snow pile high winter bury house spring brings warmer days green leaves july august days hot humid
east ohio atlantic ocean region united states called northeast look map page atlantic coast line cities close city stretching washington baltimore philadelphia newark york springfield boston americans lives immigrants settled parts united states cities business settlers landed early boston active port massachusetts bay colony boston settlers spread land north york called land england places england suited farming winter sooner england cold growing season short soil thin glaciers passed england left thick cover rocks sand settlers plow clear fields stones settlers soon found england resources waters coast fishing grounds thick forests supplied lumber build fishing fleet towns harbors coast colonial fishermen sailed north newfoundland haddock cod caught supplied colonists food
sit straight stand reach high head slowly move arms touch living nonliving things touch part environment think things environment need live maybe need sun air water live say soil think foods eat oranges corn milk chicken bread butter foods plants animals eat plants foods soil clothing cotton comes plants wool leather animals eat plants clothing depends soil need food clothing shelter live depend soil soil important resource resource things need living things depend plants plants grow topsoil topsoil shallow rich upper layer soil topsoil united states spread evenly nation layer centimeters deep topsoil spread evenly suppose dug hole kansas wheat field dig meters rich black topsoil dug rocky hillside vermont find centimeters topsoil
western united states drought rainfall low snow fell mountains water melting snow rivers nearly dried water reservoirs communities northern california cut amount water california farmers water grow crops farmers tried dig wells deepen trying reach deeper underground water rain water underground getting lower scientists feared sections earth cave water removed ground luckily rain snow california winter drought ended mountains filled rivers reservoirs water wells rose normal level californians water granted earlier put water flat dish pie pan learned water evaporated vapor moisture air water move evaporates land lakes rivers land evaporates amounts oceans water evaporates air forms clouds returns earth rain snow water runs rivers returns oceans evaporates happens cycle circle
handful dark rich soil smells farmers important crops watch sky crops need rain warm sun shine crops days soil water sun crops grow farmer knows weather play tricks sudden cold spell frost dry spell sudden rains floods harm crops insects plant diseases damage crops planting seeds harvest things happen farmer ready adapt things family families grow food buy food eat families live farms grow food suppose lived thirteen colonies united states america lived colony connecticut maryland georgia lived cities lived farm needed grow food eastern colonies farmers pilgrims farmers holland england learn ways acting stay alive cold winter soil climate north america strange pilgrims
plan decide ahead act person builds house plan house look plan pay house cities incomes income comes taxes pay cities collect taxes land homes businesses tax water electricity cities tax incomes income family city taxes businesses pay taxes taxes buy things buy city taxes pay police officers fire fighters taxes pay building caring streets playgrounds public libraries taxes help pay garbage collection parks government airports city elect leaders act leaders part government decide city income spent decide fix roads buy park lands cities want budget money study map facing page map shows united states rich resources trees cut lumber rich mineral lands oil lands coastal waters alive fish miles farm lands shown map
children collect cards pictures baseball players child collected cards cards john cards pictures tom johnny bench candy cards johnny bench blue wants complete set cards decide trade exchange cards collection think early settlers north america traded native americans settlers blankets cloth guns trade native americans furs animal skins trade trading group goods needed type trading called barter early settlers bartered farmers brought grain food markets towns put trade look traded morning night farmer needed services goods farmer paid children school teacher letting teacher live eat farm months blacksmith fixed farmer tools put shoes horses farmer paid blacksmith grain crops bartering paid goods services needed goods services today course barter trade goods nations money trade live resources limited
choice cow ten dollar bill store buy food question sounds silly ten dollar bill money livestock payment massachusetts colonists paid taxes cows kind money today times money traded goods services goods services trading bartering problems suppose want fishing pole mow lawns find pole wants lawn mowed person want trade thousand ago roman soldiers paid lumps salt salt buy needed romans soldier worth salt meant wasn worth pay native americans england wampum money wampum polished beads insides shells wampum beads white purple black black beads worth beads strung strips animal skin english dutch settlers began wampum money wampum trade native americans knew things worth wampum tennessee area kind budget
california history native americans lived land european explorers nations explored west coast north america explorer claimed place landed nation sir francis drake english explorer trip voyage stopped coast california repair ship later russians interested fur trade extended california north pacific coast alaska built fort ross fort ross fur trading post north san francisco russia england settled governed land california nation california spain early english french colonists coming east coast spanish exploring west coast named area california spanish priests began building line missions church communities san diego north north san francisco missions help hold land spain spanish catholics wanted teach religion native americans hoped native americans someday live spanish spanish laws spain spain land shown map facing page
towns dry diggings miners claims land wanted gold miner put stones wooden stakes land wanted staked claim stakes showed land supposed claim look gold land claimed claim jumper called punished group miners miners dry diggings punished claim jumping camp known hangtown camps miners agreed laws camp laws say large claim water miners punished broke important law beat person front lawbreaker leave camp dry diggings lawbreakers hanged camps agree laws person acted think early mining camps homes rich quickly move camps towns stayed lived towns agreed rules laws obeyed mexican war california part united states president army officers govern territory
colonists arrived america laws customs colonists america learned meaning law government brought ideas honesty liberty punished follow ways group rewarded follow soon customs ways acting laws colonists laws easier act pioneers crossed appalachians took tools took axes guns took government belief law written laws expected behave according customs expected behave peaceful ways respect property settlers later pioneers laws wanted sure follow customs laws group stronger statement laws customs ways acting stronger making laws colonists laws learned europe west pioneers laws based laws known eastern communities built communities representative governments examples help understand idea groups laws modeled laws groups care laws treaties end disagreements groups prevent disagreements british french treaty french indian war
pictures middle east vast dry region scattered waterholes called oases shaded tall palm trees dusty arabs camels drinking waterholes imagine middle east vast desert region arabs live striped tents tend camels goats part picture middle east learn mixture ancient modern middle east important region crossroads europe africa asia middle east center stage newspapers full stories middle east middle east area rings eastern end mediterranean sea extends eastward arabian sea borders afghanistan pakistan begins egypt continent africa east africa arabian peninsula countries middle east located turn map page countries region saudi arabia yemen arab republic peoples democratic republic yemen oman united arab emirates qatar bahrain kuwait north arabian peninsula israel jordan lebanon island nation cyprus turkey north syria iran iraq east syria
earliest earth hunters animals scarce tribe hungry moved location eventually learned domesticate tame animals order reliable source food raised herds cattle sheep goats food clothing learned plant harvest store cereal grains began settle place found ways provide food learned build houses protect heat cold wind rain snow improvement lived longer population increased agriculture helped improve ways living began farm hills surrounding tigris euphrates valley civilization developed population grew region overcrowded hill find places live moved valleys found rich soil left flooding rivers fertile land farmers produced food needed feed families farming easy rain flooding rivers destroyed crops find ways watering fields dry seasons draining floods cut banks river branch led water canals solved problem harder problem water found drain water flooded land
small beginnings islam muhammad muslim empire burst arabian peninsula spread lands islam spread entire middle east muslim influence felt parts africa europe india influence strong middle east islam crossroads trade europe asia muslims controlled mediterranean sea indian ocean order goods asia europeans cross muslim held lands waters muslims forced traders pay deal money cross territory huge profits trade nation power measured success trading wealth middle east height power centuries leading civilization century middle east began decline important reasons poor irrigation systems mongol invasions discovery water routes europe asia wars weakened economy middle east middle east taking advantage position leaders roots civilization began decay busy enjoying attend simple chores irrigation systems provided water began break tigris euphrates rivers flooded poor drainage neglected irrigation canals caused water ground rise
church synagogue priest minister rabbi islam priests church leaders religious experts explain traditions rules muslim accept rules traditions religion islam complete guide living muslims single important influence daily lives guides worship school business government family islam similar judaism christianity religions believe god follow rules conduct written testament bible judaic god testament names yahweh jehovah according islamic religion god allah christ considered important prophet islam prophets mohammed apostle allah important prophet hearts muslims religions teach followers lead lives muslims reward happiness joy heaven muslims believe person acts called pillars islam act statement faith god god allah mohammed prophet pillar requires muslims pray times facing mecca pillar requires muslims fast sunrise sunset month
live middle east similar ways million square miles groups religions think middle easterners arabs believe middle easterners muslims non arabic groups armenians turks live middle east addition islam religions judaism christianity practiced middle east descended semites descended african blacks mixed origins semites largest group middle east today arabs hebrews jews members group word semite properly describes language ethnic origin middle easterners referred semites semitic peoples lived mediterranean sea tigris river ago semites called akkadians later assyrians babylonians part group settled tigris euphrates valleys cuneiform wedge shaped writing ancient sumerians shows close similarities language groups later semitic peoples called canaanites phoenicians occupied syria fertile crescent nearly ago hebrew tribes settled syria palestine arabs nabataeans lived syria petra ancient city jordan moslem arabs conquered entire middle east
middle east farmers persons involved agriculture annual crop yield low compared countries farmers land cultivated learned land farmed mountain ranges lack water dry deserts amount farm land remains population increasing fast middle east growing food exploding population tell main reason water reason farmers land say hard landlord crops reason farm land ancestors farmers money buy modern equipment learned sufficient rain falls coasts narrow strips fertile lands river valleys water irrigate fields water saved farmers dry seasons reservoirs built stored water released needed aswan high dam egypt doubled agricultural production controls flooding nile river result main crop seasons early spring crops include cotton rice sugar cane millet peanuts sesame vegetables
past survived learned nature gifts continue survive progress nature gifts wisely nature water varied climates soil growing crops animals provide food minerals surviving willing learn gifts benefit nature kind nature beginning learn waste nature gifts learning science conservation think reason living things superior living things thousands ago paleolithic stone age lived land wild animal ate food gather animals hunt crude stone weapons discovered fire cook food warm pieced animal skins clothing carved painted pictures walls caves neolithic stone age began ago learned learned grind polish stone tools weapons learned plant seeds crops learned domesticate tame dogs cattle sheep pigs age metals began ago continued improve control surroundings
western europe developed borrowing ideas patterns society human values earlier civilizations western europe cultural economic leader ancient times civilizations arose middle east india china existed separately located large rivers china civilization developed banks yellow river indian civilization flourished indus river middle east early civilizations founded tigris euphrates rivers nile river civilization separated contact moved fought wars civilization borrowed ideas goods social customs known civilization developed valleys tigris euphrates rivers middle east sumerians realized thick rich soil deposited flooding rivers farming solved problems storing water dry periods draining fields floods irrigation drainage systems supply food increased population found things farm land built cities invented form writing developed political system learned build paint heal civilization overrun conquering peoples group fortunately improvements legal political systems arts sciences ideas slowly spread mediterranean lands egypt developed trade neighboring countries grew
athens reached greatest height century period called golden age age pericles honor greek leader period greek culture advanced architecture philosophy history sculpture drama leadership pericles beautiful public buildings built athenians took pride idea athens supplied materials labor rebuild city athenians built temples important temples built acropolis highest point city creamy marble parthenon built honor athena goddess wisdom guardian athens parthenon beautiful building open walls huge marble doric columns support sculptured roof columns temples important features greek architecture beautiful styles columns doric ionic developed greek architectural styles buildings lincoln memorial washington doric design philosophy means love knowledge study problems philosophers look truest explanation things philosophy deals relations principles explain human conduct greeks raise questions asked today socrates left writings encouraged think discuss ideas asked questions stopped think
history western europe shaped lived land area stretched euphrates river middle east atlantic ocean west mediterranean sea south scandinavian peninsula north think vast land area surely produce nations western europe live nations including britain ireland common traditions inherited ancient cultures nations learned lived adapted similar customs ways detail nations alike basic ways nation developed laws based ancient greece rome today nation laws meet needs break law tried judge jury ancient greece rome found guilty punished according seriousness crime major religion western europe based christian faith founded days roman empire christianity learned known catholic church widespread universal nature later groups broke catholic church established christian religions based teaching jesus
live groups groups provide called necessities food clothing shelter earn money pay food clothing shelter country economic problem goods want today western european countries concerned satisfying needs wants resources providing needs problem limit want matter want resources satisfy needs limited want supplied problem scarcity arises scarcity varies country parts middle east scarcity water want water grow food western europe kinds wants want automobiles television sets vacations satisfying human wants hard food scarce want eat places food want kinds things order things want farmers france italy dawn sunset able things farmers raise sell crops buy land hire help farm
western europe productive agricultural system land farming north rocky soil cold weather permit limited farming south hot dry farmland found france belgium netherlands denmark farmers scientific methods produce large crops spite modern farming methods western europeans produce food feed million buy additional food countries result pay high prices things want western europe imports vast amounts grain cotton tea coffee wool minerals important industry imported include tin copper chromite manganese petroleum nations western europe solve problem history european countries raised trading barriers tariffs taxes foreign goods entered country raising price buyer cost foreign goods higher local goods buy goods country industries working provide jobs lived france buy toys spain taxes toys price higher toys france europeans trying end tariffs permit countries western europe goods need lowest prices
hundreds russian czars dreamed uniting peoples slavic origin eastern southeastern europe slavic nation ruled russia czars tried force peoples speak russian read russian books adopt russian orthodox religion policy unpopular fact peoples cling harder languages religions war learned map eastern europe remade countries cut absorbed countries result nationality living nation slavs living italian flag russians living polish flag smaller groups called minorities lived side side larger groups called majorities mistreated earliest slavs pagans believed gods lived trees rocks lightning thunder western slavs converted christianity mainly emperor charlemagne expanded holy roman empire include europe introduced christianity today poles czechs slovaks roman catholic constantinople capital christian church orthodox church powerful east byzantine empire spread influence culture eastern europe russians adopted religion capital eastern orthodox religion moscow
united states western europe called free enterprise system system group person business interference government western european countries mixed economy mixed economy businesses owned government owned individuals economic system countries eastern europe government owns means production means land natural resources mines steel mills power plants telephone telegraph systems railroads gas water services radio television stations short communist governments control entire economy decide kinds goods produced set production goals try meet governments eastern europe concentrate heavy industry producing consumer goods heavy industry includes iron steel mills cement plants locomotives airplane armaments factories shipyards building ships submarines soviet union plan concentrated building powerlines railroad lines dams producing steel tractors heavy industry developed lighter products industry neglected consumer goods automobiles refrigerators washing machines television sets scarce communist countries countries attempting produce consumer goods major production heavy industry recently soviet union developing industrial regions siberia
country democracy democracy eligible vote political power country run tell elected representatives representatives listen vote office communist leaders call countries forms democracy say things east germany called german democratic republic democracy eastern european countries dictatorships run communist party communist party eastern european countries cent total population soviet union cent million belong party party membership small communist party complete control nation russians belong party consider communists support party easy member party members carefully chosen join follow party line communist policy questioning children trained school communists age join league children age move young pioneers older teenagers join qualify groups supervised party leaders train young principles communism
happened warning sharp cracking noise caused charles lindbergh snap attention sound ice breaking plane spirit st louis point lindbergh flight york paris weather friendly true raining left york turned bright sunny shortly takeoff ice plane falling onward return impossible altimeter feet atlantic ocean ice wings meant ocean cloud bank thought wings shook blackness cold lindbergh felt turn plane direction star filled clear night air ice melt spirit st louis guided slow turn young pilot thought flown paris single engine say charles friends thought flying death took paris stay awake hours surely fall asleep crash ocean raymond frenchman offered flyer crossed atlantic air york paris strong desire fly paris believed body mind remain alert
slowly charles shook head realized mind wandering past thought saw clear night sky ahead stretched left hoping sight stars clouds ice surely melt wings thought left clear night looking checking compass stars discovered course altimeter feet fuel gallons spirit st louis carried gallons takeoff hint dawn seen flew east tired sleepy awake hours mind saying look altimeter look gas check wings ice melted pound feet shake shoulders think don let mind rest sleep sleep means disaster death sun horizon looking map saw remained course soon ireland strong knew hold fall asleep ahead moving small cloud straining eyes charles saw sea gulls gliding air currents land early light spirit st louis lindbergh felt pain hours muscle cried cramped
vacation likes visit family friends places remember vacation exciting remember thinking left wait visit grandfather grandmother friends wish going today moves slowly re planning trip re going days families vacations maybe drove town city air transportation changed places london paris airplanes flew slow pace miles hour today passenger jet planes fly miles hour fighter planes move faster sound fly miles hour wish visit side moon wonder spacecraft land moon question answered landed moon brought safely earth space scientists thinking sending mars unmanned spacecraft spacecraft pictures distant planet television today airplanes fly miles hour rockets place manned spacecraft orbit earth miles hour
rolling hills swedish countryside stands small house surrounded acres beautiful trees plants painted red squatting towering trees house looks sweden narrow path house low building sod roof karl von worked plants loved karl born town thought minister boy interested plants insects friends encouraged college worked plants insects careful notes later professor botany university notes write books books descriptions prepared plants animals karl von classified plants animals gave latin names names describe alike word genus mean plants alike roses genus rosa roses classified species prairie rose species rosa meadow rose called rosa von books written rose simply rose von roses alike
nearly heard eating plants stories written movies tell truth don exist imagination found earth species plants meat dinner lunch breakfast stretching truth bit say meat biggest living thing eaten plant juicy spider watching venus flytrap sundew lure victim close fingers makes think idea meet big daddy plants pull bone crushing meat grinding feast relax happen hundred ago governor north carolina wrote friend insect eating plants colony today looking venus flytrap find north carolina allowed home plants protected law scientists permission collect plants venus flytrap odd plant pretty green white blossoms leaves open close trap edges leaves tiny spines close fingers fly ant touches
half million words english language suppose speak write average person read write words listens reads recognize meaning words speaks writes person spend rest studying english english borrowed language languages began words grew borrowed words languages words suit needs history english language interesting started country call british isles language british isles celtic spoken today wales scotland english language speak celtic words bin crag romans british isles conquered celts romans built cities walls roads brought language based latin rome left words roman word castra meant camp find word castra english names cities gloucester winchester romans left english channel coming england settled villages
live ocean ocean air surrounds earth ocean air pressure affects hour weather weather affects live wear eat think pressure air affects think effect oceans water surround country forces control learned send space vehicles moon learned change weather space vehicles give facts storms astronauts reported seeing hurricanes forming atlantic seen typhoons forming pacific knowing coming storm helps prepare worst knowing storm hurricanes typhoons terrible damage short hurricane rip thousands fruit trees crush buildings path bring huge waves ocean damage hurricanes typhoons formed low pressure areas low pressure areas caused warm air rising fast air rises begins swirl cold air rushes picking water moves air swirl speed miles hour
southern california valley stop think death valley hottest dangerous valleys united states gold rush tried cross valley died thirst heat lived tell adventures called valley death valley death valley big valley miles miles wide place valley feet sea level makes death valley lowest landmass united states unusual temperature stand degrees summer months inch half rain falls death valley early spring months find beautiful desert flowers covering floor valley hard believe weeks area sizzling heat loved death valley built castle lived died death valley scotty rich knows riches found gold doubt rich scotty tip waitresses hundred dollar bills throw silver dollars street enjoy watching scramble
strangest ants sac ant honey ant stores honey winter sac ant stores honey bodies ants selected honey pots honey ants live high altitudes found feet dry areas united states mexico live colonies beneath ground females gathering honey honey plants honey comes gall oak tree gall formed wasp stings oak tree lays eggs oak tree forms ball eggs hatch ball coating honey ants swallow honey abdomens full tunnels store honey ants store honey called single tunnel females live workers bring honey opens mouth worker pumps honey body swells swells longer move hangs feet roof tunnel full bursts honey body put winter workers gather honey food bodies
morning alarm clock light papa slept caleb tried talking awake didn side sat bed slapped wrists lightly revolved head yeah yeah finally remember picked amos harv dawn amos waiting curb hear harv coming walk station wagon things attached belt looked hardware peddler knife canteen flashlight compass aid kit mess kit don sat sounded train wreck papa stuck main highway gramps farm sun turned gravel country road wound hills re going camp amos asked property owned named neighbor boys grandparents keeps pretty family owns lot acreage county nice let land asked harv going woods mountain place re headed kind sandbar sticks bend gingham river
took quick look didn beans snorted watching cork branch harv re guys laughed didn hear papa pulled snake joke caleb sorry idea tryin thing bud amos quietly snake big growled getting ready set hook don expect fall baloney don care fall bud caleb fall turn small hickory log coming air caleb end tree wasn chance dodge duck brace hit shot river pool ball clothes easily swam shore fifty feet downstream water ready skip caleb river flat rock joke began grabbing shirt caleb stood tree fishing pointed gonna stopped looked caleb pointing snake big snake big water moccasin resting tree branch standing
rode gully rancher thinking coyotes inspect fences shortcut low hills rode slow steady jog lost thought ridden past den trampled earth caught attention reined horse dismounted stooping low peer entrance doubt blurred tracks dust trails radiating brush scattered bones obviously exposed sun evidence den occupied mounting horse rancher turned quickly galloped coyote waited longer hear hoofbeats stood intelligent animal believing danger passed incident reputation coyotes earned wisdom cunning justly deserved series short barks called draw mate bedded soon answer bark shaking sound sleep bounding slope join quick call brought pups tumbling den female picked nearest ran fast dared male picked scent rancher lingering air told danger
paintings artists meant picture frames hang museums meant stay everyday artists paintings created enrich lives move busy streets jobs paintings murals painted walls city buildings tell interests hopes problems ambitions live painted walls provide messages read felt pass view pictures walls paint murals skilled artists murals groups neighborhood guidance artist painting mural requires help actual painting serve refreshments painters care artists equipment guard protect wall painted sidewalk superintendents ages contributions suggestions encouragement holds brush artist ricardo alonzo chance paint murals move place place jerry chambers founder trucking firm called clipper gave alonzo chance chambers interested protecting endangered wildlife wanted pictures birds sea animals painted sides trucks chambers chose alonzo painting alonzo similar interest protecting endangered species
english lord looked piece roasted pork company eat comment guests saying deer hunt seeing unserved stewed vegetables host beckoned young male attendants pointing bowl boiled turnips ordered girl serve rest meat strange pork called deer boy addressed girl vegetables called meat england word deer meant wild animal uncommon period call bears horses mice boars deer think deer today specific animal mind thousand ago england young person sex called girl today course young female called girl likewise england food kind drink referred meat word meat refers beef pork kinds animal flesh say words deer girl meat narrower meanings change meaning broad narrow words undergo called specialization process suppose words english language changed meaning
composition challenges ways requires handle words sentences paragraphs draw ideas difficult find word construct sentence paragraph difficult find attractive ideas chapter teaching pay attention senses help find ideas composition suppose decide walk september school hurry home eat put clothes park spend afternoon seeing finally sun low sky stomach feels hollow head home park today asks mother didn exclaim didn eyes shut laughs mother certainly eyes shut laugh thing eyes sharp idea mother asks seen home park beach movies visit friend answer home school say asked school park playground continually kinds experiences
shadowy forms dark menacing crouch early dawn yonder birches dusky figures knives tomahawks invade cornfield alas band indians trying tiny settlement wilderness comes reconnoiter dash cabins midst tumultuous outcries murderous struggle overwhelm settlers pioneer days learned pay close attention senses indians keen eyes ears noses imagine band indians lying wait attack settlement list ideas senses pretend settlers awakened attack indians sounds hear fight begins list paper attack indians fled defeat view scene early sunlight ideas senses suggest list paper imagine dense green forest scarcely penetrated tropical sun abode monkeys treetops serpents underfoot jungle africa hot steamy place shadowy forbidding maze overgrown vegetation night interweaving mysterious sounds travel jungle jungle certainly place ideas suggested senses pretend walking jungle paper list ideas occur
chapter learned meet challenges composition imposes find ideas familiar situations learned pay attention senses expanding increasing sensitivity learned hear smell taste touch learned find ideas composition challenge composition imposes handle words phrases sentences paragraphs express ideas subsequent chapters study phrases sentences paragraphs chapter study words find composition words realize purpose permit human communication means spoken written language head full ideas pleasant think feel content thoughts wish share friends need plenty words need words need words remember pleasant walk park recall thrilled brilliant colors autumn scarlet yellow leaves golden sunlight bright blue sky heard wind sifting evergreens heard dry leaves rustling children shouting dogs barking climbed trees stone walls hopped brook chased squirrel found tree ripe red apples
small communities country doubt recent times remarkable spirit cooperation lived practical charitable spirit consider scene typical early american farmland early autumn morning sun rising red oaks yellow maples thirty surrounded scattering boys dogs beginning job rebuilding barn burned ground night workers removed black rubble charred timbers divide groups gang rebuilds stone foundation saws huge logs raises sturdy beams hammers cross sections noon farmers completed framework barn pause earned meal nearby rough boards women girls spreading food drink pleasant hour enjoys meal merry conversation resume business hand shingling roof walls cutting window frames adding doors boys repair fence barnyard girls wash milk pails scorched fire afternoon sun begins fall women contribute share milking cows wandering home pasture twilight barn built farmers gather tools families return home turns view tribute skill hands charity heart
late afternoon july violent thunderstorm struck farming country iowa storm acts independently human arrives departs turbulence regard event points view wheat farmer source badly needed rain boy fishing stream interruption play housewife laundry clothesline sees extra farmhand driving tractor sees unpleasant drenching storm course remains person evaluates point view suppose persons write short paragraph storm farmer rain inch badly needed water precipitation weeks wheat fields getting dry crop growth halted welcome storm danger week let rain boy imagine afternoon father let farm fishing look black clouds maybe catch fish don lightning flashes hear distant thunder guess pull line dash home terrible storm anyway housewife hot morning succeed washing downstairs curtains
paragraph learned concerns specific topic determined point view construction paragraph specific topic beginning step equally important gather details fall specific topic paragraph simply topic group sentences based topic gather details needed sentences device entitled familiar situations met chapter entitled ideas composition learned pay attention testimony senses senses seeing hearing smelling tasting touching learned acquire ideas learned gather details familiar situation airport page recall ideas things hear smell taste touch needed details paragraph aspect airport trouble gathering gather details paragraph means simply consider familiar situation narrowed point view specific topic suppose illustration planning paragraph monday morning topic broad single paragraph reduce topic step specific topic points view monday morning pupil enter school view
imagine angry person say show angry feelings person actions look person face tell person feeling angry person move hands entire body shows angry clues tell person feels tell feel look face body movements want feel look face shows feelings unhappy frown teacher calls don answer shrug shoulders boring yawn communicate words show re happy show re sad hand body motions called gestures gestures show tall tell words want show don don want tears smiles ways hold bodies ways sit walk run show feel words clear feelings thoughts communicate words gestures trying tell person
addition gestures show feelings tone voices soft tone voice baby happy babies cry hear harsh tone circus trainers give sharp rough commands working animals matter language circus trainers commands understood tone voice animals understand words understand tone voices dogs tone voices run hide dogs communicate rub legs show affection wag tails show re happy re afraid lower ears tails animals smallest insects ways communicating ants communicate antennae fish change color show fear anger baby bird hold mouth wide open hungry parent bird stuff food baby bird mouth male crab waves claw attract female crab animals need communicate animals special system communication easiest effective communicate pictures color shape design message surely quickly traffic signs try prevent accidents drivers red octagon stop sign symbols stand specific place idea thing parents teach young children symbol poison
language school english course named originally spoken england map england island called britain island mainland northern europe raided seafaring tribes lands norway sweden denmark germany invaders stayed fifteen hundred ago tribes region germany england conquered living land home tribes settled england angles saxons language tribes called anglo saxon german added language danes invaded country scandinavia finally settled stayed added scandinavian words language later william conqueror armies normandy northern france conquered england language spoken normans french gradually normans learned anglo saxon spoke anglo saxon learned french centuries parts languages blended language called english tape recorders record players built century don spoken english sounded hundred ago students language sure didn sound english hear today
hundreds england excellent sailors english ships sailed exploring foreign lands trading lands forming colonies englishmen settled homes colonies course took language today english spoken millions countries england spoken united states canada australia zealand parts africa asia english speaking peoples hundreds special ways speaking speak english heard television speaking accent accents spoken english differ country country part country section large city addition grown speaking language speak english special accent depending language spoke learned english read english read understand call standard english kind english find books magazines newspapers standard spoken english speak standard english texas accent england accent british accent english speaking basically lived london york orleans school expression
think problem question discuss class pictures pages numbered sections help sixth grade classes played football times paul grade jack sixth grade bought helmet paul leave helmet corner bench jack pick class jack pick helmet paul jack fight soon speaking paul jack handle problem missing helmet think happened helmet idea buy things person idea idea ruth promised poster book week asked older sister martha martha agreed ruth tell school sister poster times martha signs posters ruth took school thought ruth talented miss ryan announced poster contest held local department stores pupil invited poster submit spoke especially ruth hoped enter show
course telling facts peanuts grow habits polar bears giving report telling story suppose boy telling experience happened overnight hike learned pays careful story report chief purpose report give information chief purpose story entertain important ways story report beginning story sets problem makes wonder things going turn end tells things turned things turned surprise exciting funny report things reason unable hear read paragraph report feel bit disappointed received part information report contained missed part story certainly feel cheated missed interesting part maybe find figured correctly clues part story finally happened
asked give title beginning sentence stories classmates agree title beginning sentence tell arouse interest story suggestions improve titles sentences listen carefully read titles beginning sentences think tell think tell suggest ways improved learned title beginning sentence story help audience attention lesson learn thing help interested reading listening stories think stories read characters say interesting characters talk explain story called unusual birthday present surprise told conversation person told story uncle reread part story notice conversation part story page part story read writer exact words story characters spoke easily imagine hearing characters speak writer called direct quotations
months grain gold tell bill fed heading indiana hold brother jeb going rich farm heck months place want jeb parker answered town california fun bill laughed bothering jeb miss jennie want head indiana jeb answered re lives gold captain told struck gold yesterday says hit big captain panning gold longer thing sore maybe lucky bill answered luck maybe lucky re lucky alive jeb remember trip lucky live bill lucky alive hard trip california left indiana spring independence missouri starting point oregon trail california independence joined wagon train
lucy ran cave set pan fire quickly turned ran inside shell exploded feet mama lucy stew fire thank lord mrs eyes filled tears lord eating mule meat lucy tried comfort mother eat meat mama soon yankee soldiers shooting re setting hills watching waiting die hunger war bloody civil war americans fighting north south union confederacy yankees rebels july big important cities mississippi river captured yankees vicksburg mississippi vicksburg trouble weeks city surrounded union army command general grant trains couldn bring food guns ammunition harbor closed union navy confederate ships bringing supplies river vicksburg families left homes hills town hide caves caves protected cannon fire cave heavy shelling past week shelling night letup
spring late chicago city air chilly damp gray skies matched chicago bad mood worried trouble mccormick harvester chicago largest factories fights broke policemen striking workers city argued blame fights police union house arguments hotter places patrick serving chicago police force brother mike lumber union mccormick factory started working union decided strike happy pat sat breakfast mike mean mike asked mean strikers pleasing wanted union union wanted safer working conditions want shorter hours think pat asked big policeman sir think don want pat think want sit paid yeah giving cops push mike yelled pounded fist table knocked pitcher milk mrs jumped look
morning november lee harvey oswald climbed bed told wife marina breakfast drank cup instant coffee oswald slipped wedding ring left cup bedroom emptied pockets money bills laid money dresser picked package looked curtain rods wrapped brown paper quietly left house oswald walked half block home wesley frazier morning frazier drove oswald downtown dallas worked frazier glanced shoulder car package lee asked curtain rods oswald answered supposed texas school book depository building arrived frazier parked car blocks building oswald package hurried ahead frazier immediately sixth floor building morning air force touched dallas airport aboard plane youngest elected serve president united states john kennedy wife jacqueline kennedy entered unfriendly country groups dallas kennedy worked governing country
guy window lee harvey oswald oswald laughed known mistaken secret serviceman wasn laughing dead saw president full view president smiling waving standing upright open car president enjoying seconds president oswald big history remember motorcade passed front building kennedy lincoln going slowly mph oswald carefully steadied rifle top carton books searched gunsight president head kennedy turned wave crack kennedy hand snapped throat slumped forward crack shot texas governor john hit shouted re going kill oswald sighted squeezed trigger crack president started raise hand fell side reaching top head part head shot bullet torn john kennedy head jacqueline kennedy leans husband realizes happened god god screams killed husband jack jack instant inside car filled blood mrs kennedy pink suit soaked blood
morning july history cape kennedy florida ton rocket saturn ready shoot moon neil armstrong michael collins edwin aldrin waters miles saturn launching pad hundreds watched waited waited big moment florida country takeoff cars jamming highways leading days watch lift saturn spaceship apollo watching story rocket seen building high idea sending moon belief kids played space helmets flash guns flying moon dream real clock morning viewing stands full countdown wouldn half carrying cameras tv crews nation watching history making event tv screens important sitting stands president lyndon johnson wife lady bird charles lindbergh stands lindbergh fly atlantic ocean
aw pa chester complained tree house fixin grow prize watermelon fair fifty pounder think grow pumpkin polly growing impatient haul bucket lambs dump county fair week real high noon yellow wax beans began melting vines dripped candles wasn grasshopper weather leggy creatures catch cold chilly finished earth standing big heap suppertime tall skinny tangle haired nearsighted stranger howdy slim face john places dig water cheap case answered dig free stayed supper ambling waved passed sun ball began outdo hot morning infernal hot block ice felt warm touch mama boil water cool sunflowers road picked roots hurried trees shade grasshopper weather breakfast jumpers arrived twos fours farm stood green emerald bound catch eye turning sixes eights
farther pa mary asked miles patient pa bothered pull head window hair wet pa look happened corn jammed brakes lo behold husk bright green summer shower washed whitewash jumped wheel spun watch grasshoppers shouted watching pa answered race roaring full battle formation franklin creaked groaned clanked heart bumped ruts jumped re gaining pa foot pedal floorboard soon flags banners county fair ahead soon hop legs landing roof hear ripping tearing husk reached fairgrounds left cob franklin started backfire banging booming fierce hop legs jumped mile fairgrounds charged main exhibition building jammed brakes shut doors shouted grasshoppers grasshoppers coming doors swung shut breathe easy folks began cluster eyes rising jaws fell open wonder ear corn
weather forecasting fairly science united states weather service formed began collecting weather reports telegraph country instruments methods improved weather forecasters precise predict weather percent accuracy temperature moisture air pressure wind important elements weather impossible meteorologists study weather scientifically forecast weather instruments measure elements earth weather affected happening ground weather balloons gather information clouds balloons carry instruments measure temperature moisture air pressure radio transmitter sends information earth weather satellites put orbit photograph earth weather high send pictures cloud formations earth meteorologist valuable tools radar beam radar directed sky bounces cloud directed earth measuring amount takes signal meteorologist tell cloud tell cloud small drops rain large heavy bringing severe storm scanning radar meteorologist watch clouds growing diminishing
hour david feasted termite mound wandered slowly sure examine mound picked david discarded tools carefully pushed hole immediately felt pull termites seized grass pulled number termites clinging stayed site week able watch chimpanzee fishing termites chimps arrived saw moved immediately eighth watch david graybeard male arrived pair worked hours observed thumb forefinger scratched open entrances termite nests watched bit ends tools bent end discarded favor males picked firm looking stems collecting tools put spares ground wanted exciting occasions picked small leafy twigs prepared stripping leaves recorded wild animal merely object tool actually modifying object showing crude beginnings toolmaking previously human beings regarded animals tools
bell door jingled customer entered lazy shop pretending look display window carol burke watched closely sat test bed sharp object hand leave carol remembered father told night looks purposely puncturing past days found holes beds ice pick don let sit beds carol suggested won buy haven tested help watch shop lunch ben carter salesman hard person eye customers thirteen detective carol asked excitedly start spring vacation tomorrow mall re father hour noon clock pay dollar hour reward ten dollars catching hole punching culprit hope soon costing close shop fix hole means water safety liner patching plastic mattress
worried water supply think fresh water meet needs graphs article help decide reason concern united states try imagine water united states think water homes buildings manufacturing mining watering crops animals producing power read information graph top page numbers estimated find exactly gallons water idea amount water daily average water horizontal scale graph show numbers vertical scale show information water daily water daily average billion gallons billion gallons water daily daily water billion gallons imagine putting supply water gallon size milk cartons cartons rows side side rows cartons extending equator
middle language arts prancing room spook gonzalez handed envelope miss killian spook regular daisy teachers called spook jumping doors scaring scary screw face hideous shapes menace sue ellen webster called grotesque menace sue ellen fabulous vocabulary scaring spook days seen sitting chairs disgrace mrs office waiting disciplined school principal days spook played hooky kicked teacher entire school knew daisy gonzalez alias spook notorious magdalena answer send spook miss killian reading note daisy thank miss killian spook face class swaggered message signed lillian principal miss killian read thing loud including signature magdalena mendez report office sudden hush betrayed interest class mrs meant trouble magdalena miss killian held paper
smells spook sniffing nani herbs hung bunches wall kitchen looked orderly thanks nani inviting comfortable room spook walked examining things paused look shopping cart suspended hook ceiling brains mean figured high place stow chuck wagon nani thought keeping nani clutter papi screwed hook told spook pointed portrait refrigerator father grandfather mendez dead look dead don remember saw think born hundred ago americans landed puerto rico july things learned cassidy disrupted showed picture artist painted american soldiers scrambling dock white boats guanica grandfather mendez thought belonged lived guanica close ponce born born spanish harlem
bathtub episode queerest consequence spook turn surly sullen sulk emerging snap rudely miss killian teacher didn exist surprisingly nani shown shock anger spook conduct magdalena letting spook bath magdalena explained nani mrs request hand friendship spook girl mrs asked nice ah mrs principal wise woman child begs friendship ah begs spook beg didn beg bath tell bad wanted let didn beg spook beg pride begs pride magdalena disappoint won nani friend understand awful thing mirror sudden beautiful understand nani nani repeated si si understand child small colt untrained feels thing pronto spits night nani inquired girl took bath surprised magdalena won speak nani won look
thousands women united states forest service hundred forest rangers watchful eyes living resources land nature replace theodore roosevelt intended forest rangers land managers caretakers number small covering big territory rangers million acres matched organizations forest service team rangers pretty lone wolves nowadays ranger sooner trouble big fire flood calamity sort help rolls direction summer hot dry forest rangers trouble fall rains send red enemy fire winter quarters forests parched monotonously weather forecasts repeated continued hot dry light winds fire traveled paved highways dusty logging roads country trails scout planes circled overhead hawks lookouts probed hazy canyons binoculars big yellow signs warning tourist hunter camper extreme fire danger careful sprinkling snow highest peaks sierras checking ski equipment weather forecast ominous continued fair unseasonably high temperatures low humidity
ten thirty late summer morning heading north green station wagon hills western massachusetts tuesday august date forget terrifying lives suellen eighteen daughter enter senior greenwich high fall husband fred driving visit colleges thinking applying wow hot suellen called seat put air conditioner dad fred needed urging mercury climbing ninety air heavy humidity live greenwich connecticut suburban community twenty miles york city mile drive lovely times knew area foretell hours plunged horrifying experience ordeal began darkening sky soon left home drove north increasingly overcast reached york extension massachusetts turnpike started rain heavily lightning split sky miles turnpike fred turned headed diner knew owner told water suddenly stopped short air conditioning fred suggested continue truck stop road
problem situations decisions actions depend things caused accident sudden illness number persons involved environment availability medical help emergency dressings equipment aid need adapt learned problem hand improvise fast action needed save times need haste efforts directed preventing injury getting help reassuring victim upset pain important aid begins action calming effect injuries persons hurt priorities set enlist help bystanders telephone calls direct traffic distance position safety flares case highway accidents perform similar duties provide support victims threatening injuries care injuries telephone telephone proper authorities regarding accident police department highway patrol contact circumstances surrounding accident guide call list emergency numbers numbers easily ask telephone operator assistance describe problem tell ask assistance needed ambulance fire department rescue squad utility company personnel
special afternoon show london march drew capacity crowd days earlier harry houdini challenged daily illustrated mirror escape believed strongest pair handcuffs sets locks tumblers cuff birmingham worked worth material mirror sure test deflate houdini claim free device human ingenuity create acts preceded houdini crowd test houdini black coat stiff collar dark tie roof shaking welcome asked mirror representative present challenger walked aisle stage houdini shook hands challenger request committee audience brought forty seats mirror representative showed audience handcuffs closed houdini wrists inserted key turned times keyhole committee assured audience cuffs locked ladies gentlemen houdini locked british mechanic going assure going
houdini feats exact method accomplished remained mystery rumor houdini wife key mirror representative houdini struggling cabinet according story smuggled husband glass water explanation couldn truth circumstances houdini accept challenge planning sure fire release test houdini blue grey eyes sparked footlights smile infectious moved authority confidence charm offstage impressive shorter average stocky clothes looked rumpled wasn trace theatrical glamour spoke voice heard row largest theater enjoyed playing role offstage master dramatic entrance singer complained trunk dressing room muscular left crate opening lugged baggage flights stairs singer offered tip shrugged expression asked replied star show introducing bow houdini houdini shows generated spectator excitement nailed inside box master carpenters staging effective audiences waited expectantly twenty minutes tremor curtains cabinet
july violent explosion ripped tunnel cleveland waterworks tunnel feet surface lake erie moment explosion thirty working deadly gases thick smoke dust debris quickly filled underground space trapped inside firefighters doctors nurses police officers waterworks employees gathered tunnel entrance relatives friends trapped stood grimly knew fate trapped workers unlikely stay alive hours found rescued enter tunnel heavy smoke poisonous gases impossible try chance saving workers scene suddenly remembered garrett morgan morgan recently demonstrated gas mask hope interesting manufacturers invention received patent mask awarded grand prize international safety sanitation exposition york city attempts sell gas mask successful morgan contacted immediately tunnel gas masks yes morgan arrived short later brother volunteers quickly donned morgan gas masks tunnel search victims able enter smoke gas filled tunnel reach bodies unconscious dead
sun showers earth thousand times power small amount hits roofs times greater power coming electric wires sun straight overhead single acre land receives energy equal horsepower output large railroad locomotive days solar energy reaching matches estimated power capabilities oil gas coal earth sun power unlike nuclear power dangerous sunburn produce waste products ph physics sun power backyard cooked solar heat century ago rediscovered mid cooking sunshine proved effective cheap safe bright sun simple reflector stoves materials ranging cardboard metal offer heat equal watt hot plate sun powered stove piece outdoor gear broil steaks cook bacon eggs bed charcoal burning trips need carry fuel saves money space matches needed smoke sun powered stove likely forest fires means cooking solar oven solar stove lightweight solar oven produces temperatures high degrees
miles washington room longer city block sign reads don stand invent inside find million bright ideas room part patent office descriptions invention patented united states oldest patents received ago latest inventions listed official gazette published patent office week number weekly patents staggering apparently lot patent office sign seriously office grant patent idea inventions usable original working machine tossing spoons air usable spoon patent true case air conditioned suit wearer cool weighed fifty pounds usable patent office didn think original invention kind originality checked patent office files patent attorney patent agent fee agent files patented invention matter ago patent granted invention running invention passes tests attorney prepares patent application
want scream hear helen calm level voice trace smile lips kind frozen scream simple words spoken warm hospital room words echoed sheer terror thickened ice forty days nights lost snowbound emptiness canadian northwest rescuers found march frostbitten feet wrapped assortment socks sweaters bits canvas left arm rough hand covered tattered sock eyes gleamed gray smudge wood smoke dirt smeared cheeks brushed tears wore pairs slacks sweaters hard tell weight dropped pounds desperately need food medical care bath wits handed camera rescuer reached side picture helen amateur pilot ralph flores clung stubbornly plane crash exposure subzero weather forty days food hour rescue helen knew measured company legendary characters dangerous dan sam mcgee knew belonged folklore yukon
game scouts brought camp baby buffalo mother killed tiny bull month staggered camp knobby legs deep gray skin including soft ears ended pointed hairy fluff covered hair language ear named sad skinny creature planned stay days crossing desert country climate cool forest shade foot safari hot country suddenly idea try ride camel desert reached lorry miles friend farm foot mount kenya climate similar told bring milk buffalo explained wanted hire cow camels herdsman trip meantime hoped fatten strong adventure took greedily bottles cow milk days strength toss air spite rough horseplay staff loved competed offering place night fire
century existence coney island mean beach amusement park symbol american fun frolic coney island place bought nickel center stage star show miles quarters mile wide coney island southwestern end island miles edge manhattan coney island sand dunes henry hudson landed ships dunes remained undisturbed shell road built beach hotel constructed coney island widely talked pleasant quiet summer resort crowds coming plank road put accommodate months later pavilion constructed stretching water pavilions hotels bathhouses built pavilions offered vaudeville melodrama games fortunetellers guess age weight concessions beginning folks beginning charles fairly business pie vendor early slow afternoon wondering original food invent catch public fancy sell profitably maybe replace clam coney food specialty fun put vienna sausage kaiser roll took bite
underground part memorial weekend deep inside kentucky flint ridge cave system thousands holiday visitors walked marked routes areas caves mud feet underground trying dig past rock pile searching passageway hoped connect mammoth flint ridge caves slipped forward mud shoulder jammed rocks tried move couldn arms claustrophobia problem cave explorer panic began set hours crawling walking lay rapid breathing making dizzy muttered chattering teeth breathing returned normal inched backward snake fashion crawled dead end feet underground stream sat shaking mud bank hoped exploration show hidden passage flint ridge mammoth flint ridge system eighty miles surveyed tunnels largest cave mammoth fifty miles known passages largest discovery connection show complex maze size largest cave switzerland mammoth cave called natural wonders ago
end apron past scattering parked airplanes stood steel shed reflected setting sun divided individual hangars wide accept wings small plane bill unlocked doors number rolled sun danced polished twenty bright toy rolled shed checked climbed aboard bill ran called county tower clearance air scant hundred yards lights beginning streets california san francisco bay lay south north famous valley tapered hills touched sunset dark pictures bill wanted show things silver plane view earth surface shaped bill reached west coast fallen love flight land wanted display beauty land flyers discovery pilot knows land looks bill wanted record aspects beautiful alien face saturn learned fly photograph publication magazines books prove success don
ask diving sea want oceanographers aquanauts marine biologists diving botanists commercial divers photographers wet bills paid scuba diving occupations obstacles overcome tanks heavy regulators malfunction need mechanical distance swims demand adequate muscles underwater situations require nerves steel put tanks going underwater jump spirit adventure strong desire learn contributions fields science recreation entertainment working oceans today environments removed sea shares love ocean resolve find secrets occupations diving exist determined august group experienced divers assembled sea miles catalina island california aboard ship dr parry diving physiologist experimenting effects depth humans present marine geologist phil jackson carl bailey serve photographer inventor engineer rory page safety divers parry woman part dr deep diving experiments august dive feet test piece diving equipment lot diving deepest feet
fifteen read newspaper aquatic production coming town part milwaukee sport show auditioned accepted swam event midwest summer tragedy calls wasn permitted enter meet considered professional graduated high school straight california visit relatives santa monica job working aircraft company met parry engineer later doctor dates underwater small tank aqualung shallow water diving outfit dive apparatus fins soon began dive shallow water outfit consisted full face mask relief valve cheek air hose mask small gasoline compressor dive deep hose let scuba tanks expensive army navy surplus stores buy tanks fire extinguishers cleaned put valves worked fine says interested aspects medicine involved physiology diving designed built chamber test underwater equipment
wagon trains carrying emigrants goods kinds sizes lightly built outfits flat farming states huge high sided conestogas built hauling freight eastern mountains occasional wheeled cart top buggy seen drawn strings pairs horses oxen hitched single team size condition wagon outfit depended thought suitable depended emigrant afford big wagon middle sized wagon small wagon wheeled cart canvas wagon covers stretched wooden bows protect loads wagons pitched swayed wide plains white canvas tops ballooning whipping wind seen distance looked small ships appearance naturally called prairie schooners emigrants faced problems sailors preparing small ships voyage unknown seas wagons carefully supplied packed trip missouri river westward oregon settlers faced trip hundred fifty days trip unknown land hundred miles sea rolling plains trail rose steadily foot rocky mountains crossed sluggish dangerous rivers
thin snow ground air cold dark bare trees stood frosty stars east sky pale gray woods lanterns wagons horses bringing grandpa grandma aunts uncles cousins mary laura clung tightly rag dolls say cousins stood looked grandma aunts hugged kissed hugged kissed saying pa hung gun wagon bows inside canvas top reach quickly seat hung bullet pouch powder horn beneath laid fiddle box carefully pillows jolting hurt fiddle uncles helped hitch horses wagon cousins told kiss mary laura pa picked mary laura set bed wagon helped ma climb wagon seat grandma reached gave baby carrie pa swung sat ma jack brindle bulldog wagon log house shutters windows house stayed inside log fence big oak trees summertime green roofs mary laura play
land sky circle change laura mary tired look bed wagon neatly covered gray blanket laura mary sat canvas sides wagon top rolled tied prairie wind blew whipped laura straight brown hair mary golden curls strong light screwed eyelids big jack rabbit bounded big bounds blowing grass jack paid attention poor jack tired paws sore traveling wagon jolting canvas top snapped wind faint wheel tracks going wagon pa hunched reins loose hands wind blew brown beard ma sat straight quiet hands folded lap baby carrie slept nest soft bundles ah wow mary yawned laura ma run wagon legs tired laura ma going camp pretty soon laura asked noon eaten lunch sitting clean grass shade wagon pa answered early camp
oil paintings art collectors wanted buy considered valuable finished ink sketches watercolors today prize miller admire sketches watercolors oils accurate full stewart planned special top miller trip past thirteen celebration held green river oregon stewart attended celebrations earlier trips west july hundred mountaineers meet thousand american indian tribespeople annual event groups brought beaver buffalo mountain sheep deer antelope skins gathered winter trapping hunting sold furs traders took east trading stayed month celebration days feasted enjoyed horse races joined tribal ball games dancing miller sketched artist record exciting spectacle captain stewart aristocrat home rowdy celebration loved rough tumble wild west accepted equal american indians mountain trappers admired courage toughness honor captain stewart shoshoni tribe staged grand parade thousand warriors tribal dress riding finest horses miller painted watercolors colorful pageant
sundays grandma woke pupils singing stood floor cabin foot ladder led tiny loft voice floated opening full clear morning grandma singing yankee doodle theresa instantly awake realized independence reached shake mattie mattie slept straw pallet theresa mattie theresa taking care mattie awake white dress squealed white dress yes soon put dresses theresa told wear clothes chores girls hurried dressed jane theresa dressed helped younger girls need call morning independence biggest celebration exciting thanksgiving birthday ladder table set breakfast center bowl wild flowers blooms thin stick wood small american flag nailed wood grandma announced jane proudly scraps left white dresses mattie pushed close edge table peered curiously centerpiece
certainly weather left desired sky cloudless grew warmer sun climbed higher knew clock wind cool things settlers looked forward opening boarding school school open independence chores mid morning wagons beginning dot meadow trees gathering huge baskets filled lunch small crowd young waited front closed door building promptly eleven clock clark head school open door invite view completed school inside grandma brown cabin excited girls getting white dresses declare don look field flowers beamed grandma proudly adjusted gathers smoothed shoulders fluffed sleeves grandma decided ready public viewing straight boarding school ordered opening door stand porch order singing master taught don forget sing worse able hear words song girls white dresses joined white boys crossed yard building saw coming conversation broke turned smile pupils
learn deal live live learning live study physical environment number tools studying environment globes flat maps help locate places earth show ways place tools study environment include graphs pictures maps finding places problem look map page atlas takes find city sydney difficult map crowded sydney printed fairly large type look large portion map find city map find city zealand knowing country city located save finding city ways saving find city darwin australia located shore indian ocean information help course city large body water maps crowded numbered lines drawn maps globes easier find places map page find city large body water country
physical environment effect live affect basic needs affect ability meet needs say basic needs food shelter clothing needs exactly affected physical environment cold climate create need warm clothing warm houses live warm climates wear clothing build simple shelters think ways environment affect basic needs important question ask studying physical environment environment provide resources required meet needs environment affect ability meet needs providing resources failing provide natural vegetation important resource natural vegetation includes trees plants grow place food natural vegetation homes animals climate allow plants grow harder meet needs environment think ways environment affect ability meet basic needs considering effect physical environment important fact remember live affected environment determined environment
earliest women lived bushmen today early depended food clothing seeds nuts roots berries gather small animals kill hunted pairs kill large animal wounding hours days fell ran food place ago forced move location built simple shelters branches grass protection weather spent working meet basic needs gathered food left tomorrow dry season move close waterhole weeks water hole hoping rains bad rains waterhole dry set look water find miles die thousands passed slowly changed cave dwellers southern europe cave dwellers lived caves winter summer moved place place searching food
caesar adopted son octavian popular rome winner civil wars held power octavian rome emperor title high authority greater king senate gave title augustus meant ordinary divine gods desire worshiped feared julius caesar augustus died worshiped parts empire augustus held absolute power senate continued meet days republic augustus sure senators approve actions augustus things rome appointed honest hardworking public office chose abilities social class slave win freedom business government augustus worked bring peace empire forgave fought civil wars cut size rome armies half commander chief prevented generals provinces raising armies powerful augustus fortune help settle retired soldiers small farms provinces provided grain poor low prices give jobless started program build roads aqueducts bringing water city grand buildings boasted later found rome city brick left city marble
jesus crucified small group jews followers stayed jerusalem leaders began win believers christians formed strong church greatest leaders early church named paul paul called apostle gentiles preached jews gentiles jewish paul speak read greek preached athens greek cities gained converts paul organizer traveled city city establishing strengthening churches birth jesus groups christians scattered lands eastern mediterranean greece city rome seeds christianity firmly planted roman empire power paid attention scattered groups christians christianity religion empire worshiped gods roman officials care religion believed roman government want worship emperor divine christians refused beginning reign nero roman emperors persecuted christians severely rome swept fire nero accused christians starting blaze put death apostle paul killed nero reign
deep ringing church bell rolls fields meadows peasants leave patches partly cut grain carrying scythes wooden shoulders head lane village village clocks church bell rings times bell ringer guesses sun sun stands distant ridges west field peasants hurry home daylight lasts sitting hut working ox yoke sell money buy salt coming village young boy drives flock geese edge mill pond march single file past high waterwheel creaks groans turns miller waves boy waves stops watch blacksmith likes blacksmith hammer hoes plow points knife blades miller smithy full trades village villagers pay grain ground metal tools repaired twos threes geese turn yards finally boy enters yard waves grandmother woman hoeing vegetable garden careful close hive bees standing corner
days week john austen hops motorcycle takes fifteen minutes half million londoners john works city area london city square mile sq km size business financial center london offices london banks insurance companies brokerage houses brokerage houses buy sell shares stock customers share stock represents share ownership business john austen runner brokerage houses arrives city leaves motorcycle parking lot alongside expensive automobiles cars bankers brokers businessmen journey city arriving brokerage house works john formal suit tie errand business house wears formal top hat runners houses dress city hustle bustle wealthy business representatives meet borrow lend money trade goods shares stock hire merchant ships buy insurance noon john austen lunch city pub pub crowded business billions dollars worth business steak kidney pie
tom ryan coal miner newcastle large town northern england tom worked newcastle coal mine father word newcastle stand coal mining coal reasons england economic growth century tom entered mines ago tenth britain living coal industry tom hard ride entrance depths mine safe modern elevators modern ventilating system keeps air fresh prevents dangerous gases forming tom remembers explosion occurred mines ago killing today fewer accidents improvements mines equipment safer easier power drills hand tools cut coal town newcastle changed longer dirty run tom belongs miners club town clubhouse evening glass beer joins game darts fellow miners week mrs ryan goes club husband father miner perished number ago mine accident
morning july saint antoine working class section paris trouble stirring air filled anger steel blades gleamed sun charles dickens england famous storytellers describes happened muskets distributed cartridges powder balls bars iron wood knives axes pikes lay hold set bleeding hands force stones bricks places walls pulse heart saint antoine high fever strain high fever heat living creature held account whirlpool boiling waters center point raging circled round wine shop begrimed gunpowder sweat issued orders issued arms cried resounding voice patriots friends ready mob headed bastille fortress king prison hated symbol king power found faced gunfire bastille defenders led attack taking charge cannon deep ditches double draw bridge massive stone walls towers cannon muskets fire smoke fire smoke wine shop worked soldier fierce hours women cried madame wife kill place
vadim works collective farm georgia birthplace stalin home poor village stone cottages lining sides wide street street open wells village draw water electricity comes village nearby city consider lucky soviet farming villages electric power vadim room stone cottage heated large clay stove center cottage vadim keeps cow calf chickens rabbits wife takes chickens rabbits nearby city sell village large barn government cattle vadim farmers collective expected feed care animals alongside barn office building officials run collective shed government owned farm machinery vadim neighbors large government fields equipment wages earned farmers determined collective produces government takes share farmers divide left amount varies size crop family earns lower class city workers income getting larger able buy radio bicycles toys sale chickens rabbits adds income farm small plot ground cottage
section moscow live ollie members working middle class room apartment stove television set refrigerator washing machine family proud appliances repairs needed ollie trouble finding repair stove parts replace broken skilled worker chemical factory ollie secretary income spend money food money left clothing furniture recreation soviet ollie unhappy things spend money town trips tours fun cafes hard find service poor sight seeing spots homes cathedrals crowded ollie interested fashion find clothing sale today stores looking small amount high prices poor quality disappointing wide necktie buy find put extra money banks saving money spending goods expensive poor quality materials soviet government concerned buyers market country
industrial revolution late poland centuries nobles held tightly lands power polish peasants bound land century nations building manufacturing industries poland exist territory divided countries prussia austria russia poland nation war finally caught industrial revolution poles began develop rich coal fields southern part country build factories interrupted war ii war ended poland polish industrial development carefully planned guided communist government peace settlement war poland western lands belonged germany lands included large industrial cities coal fields extremely rich zinc lead mines large copper mines area heart industrial poland war coal mining doubled war manufacturing poland concentrated steel chemicals electricity western lands continue important economic poland industry developed parts country automobile plants going cities lublin warsaw eastern section builders planning open textile mills mills give jobless area flax grown farmers
century moslem living persian city dreamed rat nose iron gnawing city wall interpreted dream mean city destroyed sailed persia ships command sons sons founded settlement ruler son founded mombasa mombasa moslem trading centers africa east coast traditional legend told founding mombasa actually city site century founded black africans eastern african trade beginnings mohammed jesus born coastal towns contact arab traders deal adopted arab customs moslems spoke swahili african language arabic words added swahili widely central africa recent times written arabic script arab geographer named sailed traders coast number century wrote coastal towns skilled metalwork iron silver gold hunted elephants ivory tusks arabia shipped india china indians ivory sheaths swords daggers pieces game chess
century portuguese ships prince henry navigator explored west coast africa searching route india trip captain captured arabs brought portugal slaves prince henry angrily ordered captain return home captain took local arab leaders gave gold dust ten black african slaves exchange captain sold slaves portugal price captains bringing slaves sell early portuguese selling slaves west indies mines plantations huge profits soon french british dutch traders flocking africa west coast buy slaves centuries african tribes slaves conquered neighbors powerful chiefs discovered sell slaves beads cloth goods began making regular raids weaker tribes tribes completely wiped trading posts coast bought slaves thousands atlantic america nations outlawed importation slaves british abolished slavery colonies european nations soon countries americas outlawed slavery end slave trade mean end european interest africa industrial revolution sweeping europe large businesses searching sources raw materials markets finished goods hoped find africa age european imperialism soon underway
white live south africa dutch trading company opened supply station cape town ships sailing east indies cape town station quickly grew settlement dutch search homes africans dutch met bushmen hottentots bushmen wish associate white newcomers journeyed northward lands homes hottentots stayed joined dutch settlement intermarried mixed white neighbors dutch settlers arrived began spread larger area traveled north east seeking land established farms african tribes interior continent moving southward searching land dutch black africans fought land south africa end dutch won rounded africans put reservations separated white land britain gained control south africa british settlers began arrive search homes dutch farmers unhappy change dutch british rule unhappy british settlers began south africa annoying british idea blacks whites governed laws dutch farmers british laws color blind
story easter island told norwegian archaeologist thor heyerdahl heyerdahl led group investigate strange stone statues found lonely island south pacific scientists wondered huge statues weighing twenty tons carved simple tools moved island story told easter islanders didn sense statues don nosed blank eyed statues fingered hands clasped stomachs legs dutch admiral jacob discovered island easter sunday saw statues standing stone platforms fifty later english captain james cook visited easter island statues lay face base platforms heyerdahl group statues standing months scientist helpers group checked statues looking signs past found living island earlier scientists believed tests showed platforms built ago according legends groups lived island war took place groups nearly wiped remained group known ears custom stretch earlobes making holes putting weights
requiem shark cave coast mexico yucatan peninsula suddenly shark turned swept student anita george froze moving glare underwater movie light shark stopped feet short bumping face mask spellbound light shark stood silvery fish glowing streaks backs formed halo head part shark tiny pores snout allow sense electric currents water plants animals shark female eyes open transparent eyelid didn blink glare mouth opened closed rhythmically dozen teeth front lower jaw tooth lay push forward replace front moving jaws shark change angle biting teeth happy find shark teeth biting position tiger shark requiem belongs family sharks attacks behaving quiet gentle passed heard sea caves yucatan coast sharks visit caves strangely drowsy word drowsy friend ramon bravo
key unlocked hieroglyphic writing opened door egypt history found nile delta village el called rosetta british arab worker discovered oddly shaped stone cleaned found covered strange writing black slab known rosetta stone feet inches high feet inches wide eleven inches thick polished surface wide bands carved writing top band fourteen lines hieroglyphics thirty line middle band familiar bottom band fifty lines greek parts stone missing upper left hand corners lower hand corner broken stone valuable message languages known language greek decoded stone national institute cairo importance quickly confirmed greek part translated half dozen modern languages scripts identified key hand figuring hieroglyphics snap luck took twenty unlock egyptian writing triumph solving secrets fell young frenchman grenoble jean francois champollion child jean francois surrounded books father bookseller mother read bible stories
june kenneth arnold flying plane area mount rainier washington clock afternoon sky sunny clear arnold looking window enjoying view suddenly says saw bright flash wing tip twenty miles shining objects skipping sky stones pond objects appeared size small plane flew turning linked invisible chain darted mountain peaks dipped shining brightly sun arnold thought objects kind jet airplane couldn tails moving planes move fact didn look arnold seen reported strange experience press air force press called flying saucers kenneth arnold experience south america europe asia parts united states reported sighting unidentified flying objects ufo flying objects shapes sizes bright objects moved turned fast high sky float air ground witnesses claimed able photograph ufo
ape canyon odd summer prospectors camping sixty miles south tacoma washington cascade mountains goes story band huge apelike creatures woods warning prospectors hurried cabin locked inside screaming invaders threw rocks walls attack lasted hours suddenly strange hairy giants melted woods prospectors returned civilization told adventure canyon listeners scoffed tale local townspeople accepted story remembered claimed seen large apelike animal neighboring wilderness found giant footprints footprints animal walked hind legs human mid tales subhuman creature called widespread felt animal myth incident ape canyon stirred fresh interest soon questions asked seen animals simply tale exist kind animal huge nearly extinct primates live small numbers thick forests stretching northern california british columbia course final answers debate raged believed existed point number strange facts
black hairy arms circled tree trunk moment later furry head appeared bright eyes peered ferns branch tree downhill gorilla stared forest mount rwanda africa studying wild gorillas face familiar belonged peanuts favorite gorillas member groups studied closely groups grown peanuts wearing look think fun games learned look gorillas wear want stay slowly left tree thick leaves ground feeding noises let peanuts moments memorable peanuts left tree strutted bit began beat chest threw leaves air swaggered slapped leaves suddenly side look entertained turn sat watch feeding didn impressed changed activities scratched head noisily making sound familiar gorillas lot scratching peanuts began scratch
york legislature changed congressional district cd lines brooklyn york districts known twelfth cd boundaries twelfth public neighborhood bedford stuyvesant heart twelfth cd buzzing news representative congress bedford stuyvesant representative democrats choose candidate primary fight nominated republicans liberal conservative parties evening february shirley chisholm returned brooklyn week albany received surprise visitor mrs chisholm elderly woman standing doorstep friends albany want run congress neighborhood collected money want give campaign contribution shirley invited woman inside house woman handing shirley envelope don give beginning re going collect inside envelope shirley found coins hugged lady tightly money means whispered woman left shirley carefully wrapped envelope coins handkerchief put top drawer dresser
december presidential medal freedom awards presented president lyndon johnson highest award presented citizens peacetime outstanding contributions chosen annie dodge wauneka called tall stately woman stepped forward eyes mrs wauneka native american honored medal freedom annie born navajo reservation daughter navajos leaders henry chee dodge chairman tribal council held office soon annie walk helped herd father sheep custom father government boarding school native americans fort defiance arizona annie grade terrible flu epidemic war hit navajos died annie escaped mild attack fully recovered school nurse showed clean lanterns morning hospital halls rooms annie help experience vivid mind today spark ignited interest navajo health finished grade annie father school albuquerque discovered native americans navajos closest friends pueblo girls
taught encouraged health habits advised improve living conditions influenced tribal council set money home improvement program dirt floors thing past sanitation improved adequate water supply running water homes desert areas water scarce poor quality sicknesses caused conditions annie major concerns campaigned strongly bill finally passed authorizing public health service build improve extend sanitary facilities native americans later tribal council gave money navajos wanted follow health provisions victories financial help homes built reservation neat compact houses bright roofs wooden floors small outhouses proper distance hogan remained nearby preferred live sacred ceremonies mrs wauneka started radio program broadcast health information tribal language annie wauneka brought results tuberculosis greatly reduced navajos longer major concern navajos seek medical hospital care medicine doctors respected partners mrs wauneka able win language understood relating needs
spring accident spotted spring evening racing fields house thought black cat undulating ran quickly told otter son clark teen ran field confirm identification soon carrying kitten sized terribly frightened wet clark reported heading dead end canal street thinking wanted water caught put managed struggle shore piping pitifully shivering frightened lost assumed otter colony swampy land west house lived small undeveloped development open country grassy lots cut canals connecting gulf mexico otters dry sick beautiful outer coat dark brown waterproof hair undercoat soft woolly soaks water sponge took house put couch foam rubber pillow hot water bottle dried towel move call vet knew otters luck visiting associate knew mink
amount salt water estuary varies estuary empties ocean thirty thirty gallons salt thousand gallons water upriver end estuary water salt salt content increases steadily water flows open sea salt water heavier fresh water water bottom saltier water close surface estuary water layered animal estuary depends amount salt water starfish need salt water live ocean saltiest part estuary kinds animals need salt sea worms crabs oysters live gallons salt thousand gallons water found water fresh sea springtime rivers full rainwater melted snow amounts fresh water flow estuary salty times fish crabs animals move closer sea clams animals move close shells live stored food die flood fresh water lasts longer food supply rivers carry water summer estuary saltier salt water reaches farther upriver sea animals swim crawl drift farther upriver
french sea captain reported killed thousand northern penguins single bird captain referred penguin nested safely millions newfoundland scandinavia today specimens museums penguin fly powerful swimmer season female laid enormous egg measuring inches fully grown stood feet tall originally largest nesting ground island eastern coast newfoundland early fishermen completely destroyed birds bodies food rendered cooking oil napoleonic wars raging europe ships sailing iceland nearby penguin island largest nesting colony kill birds food large sticks sailors slaughtered proud birds thousands spring terrible blow struck penguin island island disappeared beneath frigid ocean waters surviving took refuge small island island home remain home birds famous europe collectors paid immense sums skins
discovery stars move shock scientists middle ages stars fixed sun planets changed positions sky stars popular idea stars encased crystal sphere believed distance earth facts gathered renaissance changed picture universe discovery stars move turning point british astronomer edmund halley studying calendars star charts famous ptolemy written century halley found brighter stars positions sky listed ptolemy earlier reaction discovery ptolemy incorrectly recorded stars positions halley longer believed differences due earlier mistakes halley noted recorded stars recorded places thought careful scientist ptolemy misplaced important stars halley reached conclusion stars moved astronomers knew stars suns look points light halley suns moving space fixed positions
units measure invented egyptians thousand ago based parts human body liked size nature relating foot unit length adult human foot grains barley end end finger digit digits equaled hand unit measure height horses say horse seventeen hands high distance tip middle finger elbow cubit cubits equaled arm arm measured fingertips chin yard units worked short distances longer distance villages egyptians larger unit called pace measurements equal regular steps measured heel foot toe foot touching ground pace equal length outstretched arms hundred paces equaled yards arm lengths egyptians called later ancient greeks took calling official unit distance olympic foot races place foot races held called stadium romans adopted greeks ten roman times mile
june helicopter landed rain forest mindanao philippines stepped manuel elizalde contact tasaday heard lived caves wild unexplored part island tasaday elizalde hoped learn early stone age lived soon helicopter touched frightened member tasaday tribe stepped forest greet elizalde elizalde able gain confidence soon tasaday appeared curious stranger dropped sky elizalde visits forest told living months invited settlement filippino language tasaday means caves elizalde saw twenty living limestone caves cliff overlooking rushing stream thick forest growth hides tasaday settlement seen air impossible spot yards roads part forest helicopter reach settlement tasaday living groups forest caves possibly thousand knows tasaday forest native
flash fire cloud dust mighty roar rocket speeds space rocket nose rocket spaceship inside spaceship person explorer space call space explorer astronaut astronauts journeyed moon move space quickly trip earth takes hours astronauts pictures moon earth outer space brought samples rocks moon added knowledge earth astronaut someday space explorer explore learning earth neighbors earth round ball distance earth miles km land covers fourth earth water covers nearly fourths moon nearest neighbor huge ball rocks miles km earth give light reflects light sun moon fourth size earth travels earth month sun largest neighbor million miles million km earth big thousands earths fit sun
flat maps friends looked books magazines road map kind flat map flat map show flat map accurate globe let picture map peeled globe map flattened breaks map makers learned fill breaks stretch squeeze land water compare flat map map peeled globe lands stretched flat map remember earth north north pole globe north north pole flat map north north pole maps find books north top page south bottom east west left north top page map maker print arrow picture compass show north look maps point north south east west map directions halfway north west direction northwest nw halfway north east direction northeast ne
going study regions earth look table contents kinds regions studying regions located country faraway continents boys girls regions live live differently games food homes clothing speak language discover boys girls study regions try answer questions land region look climate living kinds houses live eat wear education games play travel send messages story early days region live peace friendship live smooth level lands called plains picture page shows plain live plains land easy farm roads railroads towns cities easy build land level find picture shows hilly land fewer live hilly land plains hilly land harder farm level land
forest amazon rain forest lies sides equator hot temperature nights warm days rain falls rainy season november change rains harder rivers large small rise overflow banks thousands square miles land flooded warm wet climate hundreds kinds trees grow trees grow fast close tops thick sunlight comes forest floor tribe find trees trees kind grow stands northwest trees kind widely separated miles today boys forest collect rubber walk reach tree week ago slanting cuts bark hung clay cup cuts slowly liquid rubber flowed cuts cup today cups full reach tree boys empties cup clay pot carries heavy heat collect rubber
johnny woke soon heard mother voice saying today school lot okay mother coming johnny answered threw covers rubbed sleep eyes felt stretch arms legs jumping thought today meet teacher johnny navajo lives parents southwestern part united states home reservation desert region schools navajo land children live close school buses pickup trucks children school bring home night johnny lives distance school goes boarding school run bureau indian affairs dressed johnny daydreamed school teacher woman navajo faraway teacher place understand navajo stranger understand navajos loved land teacher understand important nature open spaces thinking school thoughts bob woods going johnny teacher worried look face
morning class working hard arithmetic johnny struggled page problems happier mrs mrs school navajo teachers help students study navajo language language lesson johnny wait longer mystery story promised asked teacher guess laughed bob woods tell story going slides set projector bob woods continued story ancient canyons school seventeen hundred ago heard cheryl parents took visit canyon de walked rim canyon place tiny group stone houses built cave canyon wall bright sunny felt spooky mother told houses standing empty hundreds hear wind whistling pinon pines canyon rim sounded voices couldn help wondering spirits ancient place picture stone houses saw bob woods canyons region stone ruins biggest discovered chaco canyon picture shows part largest buildings
mom called bonnie answer mary uncle jack coming sunday chicago spend weeks wonderful answered mrs stanley mary help sweet pea ready fair big bus drove station lincoln sunday bonnie mother father waiting bonnie ran cousin mary greeted asked breath city lincoln named abraham lincoln bonnie named president show neat took mary uncle jack end station pointed historical marker mary read words site abraham lincoln christened town juice watermelon lots sold august president elect lincoln spoke november traveling chicago lincoln funeral train stopped completing trip springfield front marker replica slice watermelon part illinois called lincoln land continued bonnie lots learn lincoln president visited town law business things named lincoln college lincoln avenue lincoln park lincoln school supper night bonnie whispered mary let talk
logan county fair begin asked uncle jack dinner table night friday answered bonnie going fair entered sweet pea club contest mrs stanley sweet pea uncle jack puzzled tone flower daddy mary sweet pea angus steer uncle stanley gave bonnie feeds waters sweet pea helping bonnie train put rope halter lead inside barn big gentle kitten kind contest sweet pea asked uncle jack explain stanley county fairs farmers show products show cattle hogs sheep corn wheat women show chickens vegetables kinds fancy needlework boys girls projects judges give blue ribbon prize red white think bonnie chance sweet pea asked uncle jack fine animal bonnie careful feeds yes win ribbon thursday afternoon took sweet pea angus cattle fair grounds inside grounds unloaded cattle led tent cattle bedded fresh clean straw
australia ways continents studied completely surrounded water australia smallest continent continent occupied country australia southern hemisphere australia southeast asia look red line globe map route planes fly country australia direction cities end route planes stop honolulu fuel honolulu north south equator australia dry continent central western australia desert grows rivers australia named map part australia live eastern southeastern australia rainfall crops soils fertile part australia large cities sydney melbourne seaports manufacturing cities cities connected sydney railroad australian cities cities country feel home australians speak english tell australia settlers range hills mountains runs eastern part australia west dividing range wheat raising sheep grazing region wallaroo station located
class teacher harald quickly gathered books pulled woolen jacket cap schoolhouse put skis began trip winding road farm mountainside harald reached home looked woodpile sighed sticks wood remained forest bring firewood big iron stove kitchen led strong horse barn started forest skis forest heard sharp buzzing sound jensen cutting trees power saw harald knew norwegian farmers cut trees winter help living logs firewood lumber paper countries europe asia africa australia south america print newspapers books paper norway harald loaded firewood started farm reached clearing saw mother barn gather eggs barn stall horse room cows goats chickens nearby smaller wooden buildings storing food hay tools farmhouse wood roof slanted sharply heavy snows slide layer sod covered roof sod helped house warm harald grandfather put buildings farm ago condition wood lasts cool country norway
hi dad called george mill asked davis mother shopping decided pick early start ball game tonight davis pittsburgh pennsylvania works big steel mills weeks works days weeks works night shift george glad father working shift week pittsburgh pirates chicago cubs play night game big lighted ball park hurried street mother waiting car drove home heavy traffic home george sister ruth busy kitchen boy smells george shouted parents entered house smells grandma mince pie ruth smiled brought special treat grandma grandad davis lived door grandma pastry cook big hotels birmingham alabama young grandad worked cotton fields grandma davis decided move north pittsburgh grandad living working steel mill pittsburgh biggest steelmaking city america wages higher south davis family liked alive customs brought south
night early october davis painting kitchen night week george helping dad george visit mill someday soon want son davis asked stepped look decided wait weekend put coat george answered week going movie steelmaking thought learn lot visit mill sorry george father mill won admit children high school age safety measures learned coal mine summer danger children hurt busy mill able learn steelmaking movie pay attention safe george disappointed realized father knew safety measures mill list show class program insure safety dad safety talks employees large posters mill warning careful signals tell trucks machines approaching wear helmets fiber metal safety shoes safety goggles wear fire proof suits safety face shields protect sparks molten steel intense light furnaces
karen wright shut door apartment home harder look cross afternoon mother happened miss connor stay room recess silly rule karen explained mean silly rule asked mrs wright sighed karen lunch school today forgot left empty milk carton table throwing trash miss connor litter bug stay classroom recess period sounds rule mrs wright milk carton couldn hurt complained karen imagine school lunchroom look boys girls left milk cartons trash table floor asked mrs wright school needs rule litter bugs guess re admitted karen need rules school enjoy clean building karen room rules boys girls follow posted bulletin board run halls food desks bring pets school chew gum school school rules rules home karen rules obey room clean helped mother wash dishes set table meals
mother karen called excited voice invited white house calm laughed mrs wright stop waving letter air letter tells karen told mother lady giving garden concert lunch white house sons daughters congressmen karen mrs wright think idea learned white house visit thought replied karen book library school tells white house read party karen read book learned nation young president special house capital moved city washington congress decided build special home future presidents house belong nation serve home office president early days president house things houses today running water electric lights water carried house rooms lit candles lamps heat president house open fireplaces keeping wood hand feed fireplaces big chore spite disadvantages building stately dignified
teo stood bedroom window looking city honolulu cluster taller buildings knew downtown honolulu left rim tall hotels marked waikiki beach hotels caught glimpse sunshine dark waters pacific teo breakfast heard mother call quickly slipped pajamas shorts sport shirt glanced calendar wednesday february took clothes bathroom washed carefully combed hair put fresh shorts brand sport shirt walked kitchen mother exclaimed picture dad sitting breakfast table looked wants capitol remember mother promised opening legislature teo eagerly teasing mother wouldn miss opening house representatives senate breakfast teo wiped dishes mother put dress soon car driving hill capitol center honolulu wasn palace capitol asked teo kings queens live yes answered
watcher enjoyed sitting looking stopped watch neighbors moving arrived theater early look walk aisle discovered watching crowd baseball game fun game watches individuals watch scientific purposes developed methods observation help select important things want record study called social scientists social scientists interested feel try discover understand makes human beings behave differently social scientist interested discovering students leave school reach sixteen study republican voters differ democrats issues effect weather live concern social scientist human beings think feel interests social scientist social scientists experts techniques careful scientists job scientifically acceptable thing social scientist decide wants study wide field topics choose social scientist narrow choice subject studied completely
earth impossible energy sun earth impossible air atmosphere atmosphere protects earth harmful rays sun filtering reflecting rays outer space earth surface air oxygen gases animals plants need aware atmosphere sudden call attention fog reduce visibility unpleasant smells suddenly conscious air breathe notice sudden temperature humidity travel higher altitudes find reduced oxygen content air makes difficult breathe storms remind destructive power atmosphere air study carefully learn occur atmosphere variation temperature atmosphere things study diagrams page help understand temperature variations parts earth read captions study diagrams answer questions chart earth sun relations page help discover answers low latitudes tend warmest parts earth parts low latitudes regions perpetual snow latitudes marked cold warm weather
knows exactly lands western hemisphere living parts north america ago continental glacier began melting earth surface scientists believe nomadic hunters ice age northeastern asia alaska bridge land covered waters bering strait believe crossed strait ice covered short stretches water lying islands peninsulas region today distance asia alaska miles km islands dot distance widest stretch open water miles km cloudy land sight migrations asia america continued thousands single families groups families crossing continent slowly moved southward eastward hunting band live valley hundreds shortage game forced move food centuries passed slowly continents north south america ago reached south present site tule springs nevada ashes fires built spot earliest evidences existence western hemisphere
cortes small army spaniards marched mexico major attempt european nation invade mainland latin america spain conquered richest indian kingdoms western hemisphere amazing achievement unbelievable remember cortes pizarro conquistadores tiny armies compared indians historians tell times indians outnumbered spanish forces spaniards able conquer indians despite odds historical records scanty unreliable reveal definite answers read stories conquest appeared earlier unit answers spanish soldiers equipped indian warriors spaniards horses gave speed maneuverability indians foot lacked muskets cannon swords lances effective weapons bows arrows spears remember spaniards armor thick ward arrows armed spanish soldier horseback equal indians foot spaniards enjoyed important psychological advantage indians met indians amazed saw gazed wide eyed wonder spaniards fair skin gleaming weapons fierce looking horses
greatest south american liberators simon bolivar ability courage vision equals bolivar wanted achieve freedom colony venezuela neighboring colonies easy overthrow spanish rulers south america bolivar put youthful energy money raising training army defeat spanish forces bolivar armies impossible marches towering mountains flooded rivers bravest strongest alive thrilling moments bolivar defeated spanish armies venezuela returned caracas capital parade honor bolivar rode golden chariot pulled twelve young girls bands played fired thousands cheered chariot rolled streets spain powerful armies crush born republic bolivar defeated army flee lives bolivar refused give set preparing expedition spanish wrote letters government officials asking money supplies haiti nations believed offered assistance passed ready resume war independence bolivar impatient delay lost sight final goal independence countries latin america help rough cowboys central venezuela reinforcements england bolivar seized control southeastern section venezuela
mexico won independence living mexico soon discovered independence mean freedom equal rights battle ideals fought century independence mexico battlefield fought rival leaders armies selfish dictators oppressed revolution customs laws observed colonial times continued influence part families gained wealth colonial period continued control government peons landless farm laborers continued struggle bare necessities increasingly hard poor small landholdings indian villages dictators sold owners large estates haciendas hardship land remained precious peons plots desire hacienda owners lived kings forests land provided timber fertile soil provided abundant harvests grain silver mines produced rich treasures orchards vineyards flourished warm sun wool cotton cloth woven workshops haciendas workers farmers benefited family system running farms shops homes part workers produced wealth received pay share crops plot ground allowed raise food
beauty west indies attracted columbus lovely beaches stretch clear deep blue green water palm trees wave cool gentle breezes rugged majestic mountains jut skyward columbus wrote flocks colorful parrots hid sun view flew sky declared beheld fair place trees flowers strange beautiful eyes tired looking today hundreds thousands tourists flock islands enjoy warm sun beautiful scenery ways tourists important islands tourists west indies round especially winter tourism major source income islands inhabitants islands earn living working hotels resorts sell souvenirs handcrafted products design tourism stimulates economy ways tourists spend million dollars bahama islands luxury hotels restaurants facilities provide jobs building trades tourism agricultural products provide greatest source income west indies products listed graph important crop raised west indies today sugarcane cuba dominican republic leading producers sugarcane steps growing sugarcane shown page
spanish american war puerto rico united states possession today island hawaii commonwealth commonwealth united states puerto rico shares benefits granted states citizens rights responsibilities citizens fifty states puerto rico united states citizens elect governor legislature delegates puerto rico help nominate presidential candidates republican conventions products shipped puerto rico united states import export taxes puerto ricans drafted united states army puerto rico vote united states presidents national elections representative puerto rico sits congress vote puerto ricans obliged pay taxes citizens pay commonwealth status middle ground complete independence statehood puerto rico think believe hawaiian islands island puerto rico candidate statehood puerto rico actively working end believe tiny island cut ties united states completely independent puerto rico favor present commonwealth arrangement puerto rico heavily populated areas live island especially spanish colonial period puerto rico lived terrible poverty
southeast rugged lands central america lies triangular continent south america studied important geographic features huge land mass size united states including alaska hawaii learned south america graphic relief maps precipitation maps population maps discover facts nations venezuela colombia ecuador maps answer questions nations located high middle low latitudes important line latitude runs nations ecuador colombia moving east west describe landforms found nations large rivers located venezuela colombia maps tell story climate index list maps graphs tell climate regions countries sure include growing season maps natural vegetation maps list maps tell climates show types plants grow region kinds climate found low land regions uplands think creates greatest climate nations latitude north south equator variations elevation sea level study population distribution map countries parts country live
argentina uruguay paraguay called silver river countries rivers drain large part land empty rio de la plata river silver countries regions widely differing climates landforms natural vegetation part argentina pampa located latitude located ways think climate region differs climates regions low latitudes months seasons pampa diagram page help answer question study photograph page pampa landscape part united states resemble providing overland transportation pampa argentina major problems hard surfaced roads built stone gravel region covered deep layer fine soil hard surfaced roads expensive materials brought distances today pampa roads dirt tracks ago fences built pampa dirt roads problem ruts loose soil deep carts horses trail side track roads half mile wide land fenced property lines roads shifted rained wheels horses hoofs trampled roads deep river oozy mud mud dried wind whirled dust places dirt roads feet lower fields side argentine found railroads answer problem railroads built easily
ways countries la plata region resemble parts country broad prairies forests fertile farmlands found parts region valuable river system transportation facilities middle latitude location brings changing seasons summer winter middle latitudes north equator countries descendants early settlers european nations form important part population ranks increased recent european immigrants settled open plains fertile farmlands unlike united states countries remained largely agricultural nations united states agricultural industrial leader explaining difference development social scientists give widely varying reasons sociologists stress fact hacienda present parts argentina tended hold change progress review section hacienda unit prevent development large industries economists point view stress size nations say small provide large market borders wise build large manufacturing industries review section central american common market unit limited population affect growth industries geographer possibly stress entirely reasons explaining silver river countries remained largely agricultural nations
stretching entire northern brazil amazon basin amazon rivers source high andes mountains mouth atlantic amazon river twists turns miles km tributaries drains area thirds size entire united states nearly miles km inland feet deep miles impossible shore midstream flood roughly december june level water rise feet dry season level deep slow flowing waters river forms snakes glide surface alligators bask warmth muddy shallows giant turtles dolphins occasionally seen river dangerous fish lives waters amazon fish tear eat large animal minutes electric eels found river land drained amazon tributaries richest undeveloped area earth virtually unexplored trees forest feet tall form thick green canopy occasional shafts light reach forest floor river banks tangles bamboo reeds tough vines broad leaf plants slender ferns fourth known plants found amazon basin
learned large cities provinces located south major cities located st lawrence river lakes busy port cities hundreds cities quebec retain flavor charm days cities strongholds france ago recent cities increasingly industrialized manufacturing processing plants quebec ontario located major cities opening st lawrence seaway meant increase trade port cities especially lakes read cities quebec ontario find cities graphic relief map discover things cities similar things cities unique quebec capital quebec province north bank st lawrence river miles km gulf st lawrence quebec important port city center trade industry city reminders quebec capital france narrow winding cobblestoned streets beautiful homes churches hundreds parts french fortifications exist battlefield park southwest commemorates battle quebec population french descent
atlas maps cross section diagram page compare western regions canada regions immediately south united states kind land found huge central region canada united states portion land united states today turn population land maps canada pages farmland cultivation south north natural feature extends north south western region united states canada form barrier westward expansion study prairie provinces british columbia northern territories answer questions climates landforms affected development territories areas resources land ways provinces similar provinces canada studied occurred western canada century trappers traders homesteaders covered wagons indian raids rich prairie gold rush building transcontinental railroad sound familiar history western united states history pioneers settled western canada canadians move west fur traders eastern lands settled seek sources fur bearing animals
yukon northwest territories canada northern frontier vast ice bound region nearly million square miles million sq km makes canada area fewer residents northernmost areas arctic circle area barren treeless plains called tundra hardy arctic grasses mosses grow frozen soil south tundra belt swampy land covered thick coniferous forests largest lakes north america region canada polar frontier course cold winter temperatures average extremes summer spring combined barely months lived barren region eskimo turn story beginning page review details eskimo food protect bitter cold build homes treeless region end century white ventured cold gold discovered yukon territory fortune seekers rushed klondike region find yukon territory klondike region map page thousands prospectors ship port alaska began trek klondike dogsled foot frozen rocky trails prospectors crawled hands knees steep icy mountain passes died disease exposure stumbled onward wilderness hoping find gold klondike river valley
learn deal live live learning live study physical environment number tools studying environment globes flat maps help locate places earth show ways place tools study environment include graphs pictures maps finding places problem look map page atlas takes find city sydney difficult map crowded sydney printed fairly large type look large portion map find city map find city zealand knowing country city located save finding city find ways saving finding places find city darwin australia located shore indian ocean additional information help course city located large body water maps crowded making difficult find places mapmakers draw numbered lines maps globes easier find places
middle kalahari desert stands group thorn trees trees ten huts branches grass huts open front backs turned wind desert camp home bushmen members family group group includes fathers mothers sons daughters brothers sisters grandmothers grandfathers aunts uncles cousins group related number bags animal skin hanging trees holds belongings family bushman family owns members carry backs huts lie ostrich eggshells carrying storing water nearest waterhole miles finds ostrich nest takes egg ostrich return nest lay empties eggshell making hole end pouring contents shell filled water hole plugged chewed grass water running middle camp quiet young boys standing holds small bow arrow aims carefully beetle crossing ground front misses tries someday full size bow arrow hunting father
early morning ago sun floods tops distant mountain peaks orange glow light flows land touches group mud buildings huddled foot hill village awake air filled smell smoke morning fires dog barks frightened birds fly trees border nearby stream number boys village driving flocks bleating sheep goats dusty trail trail winds past small scattered fields grain clumps oak trees boy runs ahead flock straying groups women head village carry sickles blades sharp flint attached wooden handles shoulders carry water containers animal skin workers reach fields set grasp heads mixed wheat barley hand cut grain swing sickle patch women pull pods peas drooping vines nearby hillside women chop branches bushes small hand axes heads polished stone carry branches village firewood distance hunting party boys headed forests foot mountains
early days republic rome fight invaders city grew powerful enemy armies longer dared attack romans began series battles conquer surrounding territory rome control italian peninsula romans masters art war ancient trained soldiers highly skilled generals advanced equipment fighting roman citizen served army senators high officials expected serve army commanders rome strongest enemies phoenician city carthage north african coast carthaginian navy controlled shipping lanes western mediterranean cut rome supply grain overseas rome carthage fought wars city carthage destroyed roman victory led romans took carthaginian greek colonies western mediterranean conquered city states greece end war carthage rome ruled mediterranean romans called mediterranean mare nostrum sea conquered territories part roman city rome provinces ruled roman governors governors rule wisely knew cared customs provinces
commonly known middle ages european history thought middle period greek roman art rebirth art learning known renaissance thought western civilization stood units book study middle ages medieval word medieval refer middle ages comes latin words meaning middle meaning age study units ideas middle ages accurate thinking early middle ages easy imagine leaving cities roman empire urban problems moving country estates lived thousand history middle ages simple ideas customs groups living period combined think medieval unit deals groups idea middle ages europeans shut rest change took place
late afternoon steppes asia century sun soon setting faint mist seen close ground grass covering plains shows blue green late sun hawk stops dead air feet clump dead grass sharp eyes caught motion small creature line moving plains dozens boys horseback ride ahead group short brightly colored jackets wrapped tightly pointed caps pulled ears wear trousers wind blows cold open plains frosty air warns winter soon move north cover steppes deep snow ride small shaggy ponies ride graceful prancing horses sleek reddish coats gleaming sun horses famous speed proud owner rides horse wealth measured number horses owns riding horse flee danger overtake enemy horse carry wide deserts grazing ground easy horses valued dressed riders
american student named david adams recently visited europe stay trips parts western europe airplane train boat automobile air dave saw vast stretches farmlands produce food europe saw huge mining areas produce iron manufacturing coal fuel saw mile mile rivers canals railroads highways products cities flying cities saw factory smokestacks puffing wealth industry traveling boat train car dave western europe tied rivers canals railroads highways saw millions living european cities hard trying rich fairly happy fairly free say believe want result visit david adams interested finding answer question western european society free urbanized industrialized society question considered section book end renaissance period western europe rule strong monarchs holding absolute power western europe lived countryside depended agriculture living renaissance place western europe referred revolutions
days week john austen motorcycle rides miles half million londoners john works city small area close heart london city square mile size business center london main offices london banking houses large insurance companies brokerage houses offices arrange sale purchases shares stock shares stock represent shares ownership business firms john austen runner brokerage houses arrives city leaves motorcycle parking lot alongside expensive automobiles cars bankers brokers businessmen journey city arriving brokerage house works john formal suit tie errand business house wears formal top hat runners houses dress city hustle bustle wealthy businessmen representatives meet lend borrow money trade goods shares stock hire merchant ships buy insurance noon john austen takes lunch city pub pub crowded businessmen frequently billions dollars worth business steak kidney pie mugs beer
tom ryan coal miner newcastle large town northern england tom worked newcastle coal mine father word newcastle stand coal mining coal reasons england economic growth century tom entered mines ago tenth britain living coal industry tom hard ride entrance depths mine safe modern elevators modern ventilating system keeps air fresh prevents dangerous gases forming tom remembers explosion occurred mines ago killing accident improvements mines equipment safer easier power drills hand tools cut coal town newcastle changed longer dirty run tom belongs miner club town clubhouse evening glass beer joins game darts fellow miners week mrs ryan goes club husband father miner perished number ago mine accident
vadim works collective farm georgia birthplace stalin home poor village stone cottages lining sides wide street street open wells village draw water electricity comes village nearby city consider lucky soviet farming villages electric power vadim room stone cottage heated large clay stove center cottage vadim keeps cow calf chickens rabbits wife takes chickens rabbits nearby city sell village large barn government cattle vadim farmers collective expected feed care animals alongside barn office building officials run collective shed government owned farm machinery vadim neighbors large government fields equipment wages earned farmers determined collective produces government takes share farmers divide left vadim earned month lowest class city factory workers earn vadim income increasing christmas able buy radio toys bicycles children
june archduke franz ferdinand nephew emperor franz joseph heir throne visited sarajevo capital bosnia official visit archduke representative uncle hungarian empire procession automobiles bringing franz ferdinand officials arrived sarajevo june archduke wearing white military uniform helmet plume green feathers easy spot visitors wife white dress white hat black feathers crowds lined streets watching motor parade bomb thrown archduke car bounced exploded car officers car injured official visitors rode city hall sarajevo mayor city received greet city bombs franz ferdinand mayor bombs highness mayor assured danger procession left city hall continued governor house royal couple lunch driver archduke car wrong turn backing turn pistol shots rang archduke wife fell dead franz ferdinand threw arms looked unharmed car sped governor house stopped archduke started staggered
industrial revolution late poland centuries nobles held tightly lands power polish peasants bound land century nations building manufacturing industries poland exist territory divided countries prussia austria russia poland nation war finally caught industrial revolution poles began develop rich coal fields southern part country build factories interrupted war ii war ended poland polish industrial development carefuly planned guided communist government peace settlement war poland western lands belonged germany lands included large industrial cities coal fields extremely rich zinc lead mines large copper mines area heart industrial poland war coal mining doubled war manufacturing poland concentrated steel chemicals electricity western lands continue important economic poland industry developed parts country automobile plants going cities lublin warsaw eastern section builders planning open textile mills mills give jobless area flax grown farmers
roots kushite civilization reach history knows settled land upper nile known egyptians began moving south conquering lands peoples eventually kush completely egyptian control kushites influenced egyptian beliefs egyptian continued hold traditions culture period kush threw egyptian rule kushite kings began build armies middle century led invasion conquerors early century egypt kushite control kings kush pharaohs egypt carved names egyptian temples considered rightful rulers assyrians overran egypt kushite kings pushed afterward called kings upper lower egypt egyptian civilization kushite civilization common kush worshiped gods egyptians built egyptian style temples prepared dead egyptian manner buried small pyramids irrigated fields nile difficult tell cases kushites ideas egyptians egyptians kushites
century moslem living persian city dreamed rat nose iron gnawing city wall interpreted dream mean city destroyed sailed persia ships command sons sons founded settlement ruler son founded mombasa mombasa moslem trading centers africa east coast traditional legend told founding mombasa actually city site century founded black africans eastern african trade beginnings mohammed jesus born coastal towns contact arab traders deal adopted arab customs moslems spoke swahili african language arabic words added swahili widely central africa recent times written arabic script arab geographer named sailed traders coast number century wrote coastal towns skilled metalwork iron silver gold hunted elephants ivory tusks arabia shipped india china
white live south africa dutch trading company opened supply station cape town ships sailing east indies cape town station quickly grew settlement dutch search homes africans dutch met bushmen hottentots bushmen wish associate white newcomers journeyed northward lands homes hottentots stayed joined dutch settlement intermarried mixed white neighbors dutch settlers arrived began spread larger area traveled north east seeking land established farms african tribes interior continent moving southward searching land centuries white dutchmen black africans fought land south africa end dutch triumphed rounded africans reservations separated white land areas britain gained control south africa british settlers began arrive search homes dutch farmers unhappy change dutch british rule unhappy british settlers began south africa annoying british idea blacks whites governed laws
millions kinds living things things small seen microscope hundreds living things drop pond water living things large blue whales meters weigh tons discover kinds plants animals filled living things familiar study living things try put kind order easy find kind order living things ways try find ways alike study living thing try find living things living thing classified put group belongs newly discovered thing classified question asked simple silly alive trouble deciding robins dogs living things eat move noise say plants living things things plants show living simple look shelled snail picture living thing
suppose decided looking living animal sure exactly want group belongs animals classified groups animals shapes alike study animals classify group ways shape animals alike ways hatch eggs spend part water classify group course important ways exactly mother father eye hair coloring hair taller mother father important ways heart lungs arms legs kinds parts parts kinds structure study animals classify structure classify animals groups kinds parts put look inside animals structures backbones kinds animals classified large groups animals backbones called vertebrates animals backbones called invertebrates
frogs toads salamanders belong amphibian group cold blooded animals shores ponds swamps low meadows amphibians able live places vertebrates adults legs lungs structures able land breathe air skin loses water quickly amphibians live damp wet places amphibians return water produce young amphibian fitting animals means lives amphibians live part lives water part lives land spend lives water gills gathered frogs toads eggs pond maybe seen tadpoles hatch eggs young frogs toads fish oxygen water gills tadpoles grow legs lose gills able oxygen water thin smooth skins lungs grow inside bodies oxygen air strange looking animal scales fins gills fish fins short feet animal lungs gills amphibian answer clear animal thought kind animal structures fish structures amphibians study animals think fish
puzzles plant plants easy classify groups let look classified plants found rocks bark trees grow cold places living thing grow look closely clumps kinds plants algae fungi algae green chlorophyll food fungi provide minerals water algae need food think kind plant live hard classify plants group simple living things flow food bits food move simple animals part living things divide thousands single cells cells spores grow plants classified plants animals group let look plants studied fit large chart start bottom chart trace history plants earth believed earliest plants lived water later changed ways helped live land algae lived water developed ways living wet land
suppose journey spaceship brings strange matter faraway place scientists excited think matter alive moves times acts eating bits food scientists study matter carefully want alive suppose scientists kinds questions ask find matter living important question ask matter grow change question kind questions ask trying find answers questions living living things need food react grow change reproduce means kind living thing goes called cycle cycle cycle pattern repeated starting cell group cells living thing grows adult later dies die adults young cycle repeats living things change grow change baby mammals look parents
spring female frogs lay eggs egg looks small black spot eggs covered matter looks jelly matter protects female lays eggs male frog covers sperm cells sperm cell joins egg cell fertilization takes place large groups eggs found ponds top water look cell picture fertilized frog egg egg fertilized things happen cell divides cells cells divides forming cells cells divide cell division goes thousands cells cells stay forming ball ball cells forms parts tadpole body cells skin tissue form bone blood nerve tissue finally living tadpole formed grown fertilized egg cell tadpole adult frog happen end cycle egg cells sperm cells body cells half number chromosomes body cells kind frog body cells chromosomes pairs egg cells sperm cells chromosomes egg cells sperm cells kind cell division called meiosis
likely heard important electricity change live hundred think things today impossible grandmother grandfather young talk countries runner win race side wonder electricity trying answer question answer explains found deal electricity behaves magnetism electricity pages discover things learned electricity learn electricity makes difference live combs hair shoes rugs alike thing kind matter atoms atom kinds particles remember proton neutron found nucleus atom electron moves nucleus cases matter equal numbers protons electrons numbers equal say matter takes charge kinds charge positive charge carried protons negative charge carried electrons neutrons charge
happens electrons crowded place cases flow crowded places true electrons behave chemical cell parts cell positive negative poles connected bulb electrons begin flow flow crowded part cell bulb cell chemical reactions current flow cell bulb light moving charges chemicals crowding electrons part cell happens electrons pushed bulb part cell happens chemicals push electrons cell change weak push electrons cell loses power send electric current say cell dead happened flashlight longer works things picture sending electric current chemical energy objects called cells called batteries battery group cells inside cells chemicals electric current light electric current kinds matter ray light hits kinds matter electrons
lot happening energy say feel full energy mean feel able things energy carry bag groceries sweep steps wash dishes clean room ride bicycle throw ball working science swinging baseball bat making happen energy needed important learn energy energy places things need energy need find kinds energy ways energy energy ability move happen energy forms energy pictures forms energy electric motors lights heaters electrical energy plants window energy green plants light energy food grow heat energy sign kinds energy heat energy cooking kinds kinds energy kinds matter brought chemical change takes place energy chemical energy burning fuel chemical energy
matter part light coming straight line things fast light move watch big thunderstorm idea look lightning move quickly sky hear crash bang rumble thunder things storm happen order lightning hear thunder light sound happen lightning find answer question suppose astronaut circling earth orbit km minutes beam light seventh light moves km equal trips earth room temperature sound moved think light hear sound find objects space studying light give sunlight takes minutes reach earth sun million km think takes light closest star reach light moves trillion km
seen light refracted passes air water drops water leaf sunlight refract light happens light rays pass tiny drops water rainbow colored light appears band colors called spectrum round shape drops water bend light happens light separated colors spectrum easier break light spectrum colors drops water isaac newton prism break light wedge shaped piece glass matter narrow beam sunlight passes prism spectrum red violet appears newton tried break spectrum colors allowing colors fall prism found prism spread spectrum colors thought try place prism colors put worked spectrum slit white light appeared newton discovered white light colors spectrum mixed spectrum find hard tell color stops begins makes color white light waves lengths move forward speed
learn learn sense sight senses eyes learn difference night light shadow eyes tell eyes differences shades color differences shapes surfaces touch stars things sky look eyes shadows follow color leaves autumn colors rainbow things sight messages eyes sense organs react light try stand foot seconds try stand foot eyes closed happens try write eyes closed happens draw picture house eyes open try draw house eyes closed compare pictures classmates eyes muscles attached muscles move eyes look directions order look left left muscle eye pulls eye left muscles pull eyes move eyes
living things grow react things kind activities lot energy energy energy needed comes sun group living things green plants sun energy directly green plants trap change light energy change form animals plants green happen living things green plants green plants light food things food water soil carbon dioxide air plants food plants food activities eat plants food plants think kinds food green plants sweet plums sour cherries yellow corn purple cabbages think tiny wheat grains huge pumpkins juicy tomatoes hard coconuts process food making green plants called photosynthesis photosynthesis connects things living things living carbon dioxide water sun energy living minerals soil needed start photosynthesis living green plants living able materials food green leaf important structures photosynthesis
green plants lot sugar don plants taste sweet green leaf taste sweet piece bark root parts plants taste sweet large amounts stored sugar fruits taste sweet remove sugar stems sugar cane roots sugar beets sap sugar maple trees plants change sugar compounds fact plant compounds began sugar rough bark soft petals wax leaves odor flower began sugar photosynthesis sugar changed compounds tasted freshly picked peas corn sweet taste days hours taste starchy happens sugar changed starch starch kind eat potatoes cereals breads foods plants change sugar fat don notice fat plants parts plant don fat plants store deal fat parts peanuts beans nuts deal stored fat liquid fats plants called vegetable oils sugars starches fats fuels give energy body body kind compound called protein skin blood hair muscles protein
picture appears simple food chain cows consumers feed grass plants producers populations farm food chains cows eating clover plants farm milk cows bees honey clover honey toast grasshoppers feed clover birds eat grasshoppers rabbits eat clover eat rabbits think ways food chains related chart shows food chains farm community notice chart looks web chain fact food chains populations community known food web populations picture arranged called pyramid mass pyramid shows total mass living things level food web bottom producers total mass large level consumers smaller total mass feed producers level consumers smaller total mass final consumers smaller total mass ocean community support full grown person gain kg sea kg living matter notice person top pyramid final consumer ocean food web
williamsburg capital virginia colony visitor town finds led history eighteenth century john rockefeller jr gave money restore town wanted motto future learn past help understand early country wanted spirit live help williamsburg restored look center colonial visit williamsburg notice special buildings streets hundred fifty ago ghost town buildings walk colonial costumes wear breeches stockings powdered wigs cornered hats women wear lace caps heads wide skirts called live williamsburg paid dress act colonists centuries ago craftsmen trades early williamsburg citizens shops representing colonial crafts open round walk baker shop smell bread baking huge brick ovens baker makes hand baking ingredients washington notice blacksmith forge lady spinning wheel shoemaker pair boots
dodo strange creature pages alice wonderland live bird homely stupid race vanished ago today species passed fields forests passenger pigeons flew country flocks darkened sky cloud birds survives today lived northern regions bird black white plumage seen museums eskimo small billed bird soft brownish feathers practically wiped hunters labrador duck bird vanished species footsteps birds heath hen seen thirty early colonists killed heath hens food easy mark hunters slow moving birds common tables chickens today records tell hired tired eating heath hens farms owners promise serve heath hen week course sturdy active heath hen protect forest enemies withstand attacks greedy hunters short century days colonies heath hen disappeared mainland united states
ago western part united states land adventure unknown country forests deserts high mountains brave began explore trails woodlands rivers streams westward built forts valleys water trails later roads east west pioneers friends indian tribes learned forests traveled trails pioneers returned east led parties west american scouts famous scouts trails early days kit carson fifteen joined wagon train moving santa fe trail help government united states friend indian tribes southwest drew indians government closer helped travelers lonely trails saved bandits guided trail didn southwest daniel carter beard boy days opening west lived cincinnati ohio watched wagon trains leave west finished school map maker traveled country making maps rivers mountains valleys
olympic games held thousands ago valley olympia greece held honor greek god wrestling boxing matches foot races leaping contests discus throwing contests winner games crowned wreath leaves sacred olive tree cities greece part games city greece nation mountains rivers divided games helped bring cities rome conquered greece games ended hundreds passed games held finally began show interest games countries decided hold games bring athletes friendly sports contests modern olympic games held athens greece games held wars stop winter games added winter sports skills tested winter olympics held place summer games mountain slopes powdery snows skiers olympics held england torches carry flame olympia greece london england twelve days opening games stadium flame kindled olympia
precious stone known diamond sparkles brightly diamonds highly prized kings queens wear crowns large diamonds cost thousands dollars cheap material called carbon coal carbon diamond hardest thing known scratch diamond diamond diamonds burn ordinary fire precious jewels ruined fires diamonds safely hard cut toughest metals diamonds industry cut bore grind quickly material makers airplanes cars tools glass diamonds shape metals cut glass diamonds industry valuable jewels imperfectly formed flaws poor color diamonds known highly prized hundred ago cut polished sold sums money century beds diamonds found south africa found children playing river children picked thought pretty stone played took home neighbor asked mother buy laughingly gave gave trader asked find stone worth
eighteen foot white shark glided slowly water lazily turned torpedo shaped body sensed strange vibrations distance wounded fish swimming violent jerking motions shark tell fish healthy seeing shark knew difference vibrations healthy fish healthy drew closer powerful nose caught smell blood found dinner types sharks white range forty foot whale shark tiny inch number fifty dangerous dangerous large afraid biting think threat fifty sharks proven eaters eaters amazing creatures sea produce white shark largest attacked boats white attacked lobster boat shark weighing thousand pounds sank boat eating sharks extremely efficient fighting fish power bite measured eighteen tons square inch rows teeth lose tooth moves forward fact sharks receive teeth week shark skin impossible stab
stone age hunter son fled forest roar fire grew louder louder flames leaped tree tree boy burst thicket stopped short broad river blocked escape moment saw log end caught riverbank mighty shove pushed current boy clung rough bark log father paddled safety log paddled hands boat later idea boat hollowing log pushed shallow water pole early wanted boat deep water learned paddles wanted wind help invented sail thousands moved boats paddles oars sails james watt invented practical steam engine found move boats robert fulton idea try watt steam engine boat successful steamboats fulton hundreds worked improve steamship larger faster powerful today finest steamships ocean liner united states speed atlantic days
hard early seasons difficult find eat clothing shelter protection bad weather constantly threatened fierce beasts rocks clubs defend family early understood lived warm cook food fire raise food understand plants grow seeds learn gained accident laborious trial error clever person discovery secret easily die pass knowledge writing lost thousands secret discovered early lived facts discovered accident children playing field france discovered cave early lived walls covered amazing pictures animals lived early early learned scientific studies archeologists remains found ancient campsites burial grounds fire charred bones animals eaten early stone tools weapons cave paintings archeologists gradually pieced story early
stone age live egypt asks peggy yes answers gray hunters fishermen lived read desert north africa egypt covered forests grasslands climate cool moist part ice age glacier retreated northward europe north african climate changed hot dry rain land vast desert waste animals died moved parts africa find grass water move stayed north africa homes oases nile river learned raise crops domesticate animals nile live peace fear enemies stretches desert east west seas north east protected lands invaders nile highway travel touch river provided water crops grew abundantly fertile soil summer nile overflowed banks found floods crop grown moist soil hot sun later discovered irrigating fields dry months grow crops wheat important food crop ancient egyptians
leaving hotel walk acropolis flat topped hill standing feet rest city anxious visit acropolis parthenon building called beautiful built acropolis means higher city explains gray original city athens built hill later city spread base base hill pass ruins outdoor theaters stone seats ancient athenians rich poor loved sit clear blue sky watch plays enter ruins fine marble gateway complete climb flat top acropolis stretch red tile roofs houses athens waters distant harbor center hilltop stand remains parthenon marble columns yellowed age temple jewel acropolis built honor athena greatest goddess ancient greeks believed athena protected cities war peace olive tree tall columns cast shadows stones ruins acropolis ruins huge building preserve beauty simple stately columns lines egyptian temples standing proud aloof desert sands impressed built dead parthenon part landscape built living
bus trip piraeus enjoy talking owns woolen factory seaport city friendly greeks met nature greece beautiful land says poor soil thin stony half farmers greeks turn sea living sailors fishermen shippers factories greece continues coal rivers supply water power factories manufacture products olive oil cheese wine cotton wool cloth beautiful silk lace goods hand greek homes kinds minerals stored mountains large quantities important lead iron silver marble greece famous beautiful marble greek farmers grow asks fred olives thing press olive oil areas farmers big vineyards grow small seedless grapes dried currants types grapes dried raisins find cows greece grazing land dry summers grass grows higher mountain slopes spots reached nimble footed goats sheep numerous greece goats sheep provide milk cheese wool farm country difficult
simple hardy farm romans prepared soldiers training obedience respect authority roman armies waged war neighboring tribes city states armies defeated brought roman rule north south rome marched roman soldiers conquering fought greek city states peninsula conquered rome ruled peninsula po valley romans settled conquered cities cities treated allies rome type government local offices customs laws left hands local citizens rome final word government cities rome enemies easy conquer rome rule brought conflict rival power large empire mediterranean powerful trading city carthage north africa rome carthage attempt control mediterranean trade cities fought wars rome finally crushed carthage burned city ground gained control carthage colonies including sicily cities spain france alexander empire broken parts death rome set conquer countries finally alexander empire persia ruled rome north italy lived uncivilized tribes
deck ship fishing boats freighters ocean liners slowly steam busy harbor barcelona spain important seaport manufacturing city million live largest seaport mediterranean barcelona compare size american cities settled hotel ready lunch nearby restaurant waiter recommends called arroz con pollo says favorite dish barcelona turns delicious chicken rice lunch hotel rest hours spain nearly likes siesta midday rest explains gray shops closed siesta sight seeing barcelona visit massive gothic cathedral standing moment dimly lit interior listen church choir practice hymns ago moslem mosque roman temple stood spot cathedral later trip factory area beautiful tree lined street crowded wear dark suits women dressed hurry stroll looking store windows stop talk friends latest bullfight listen minstrel playing guitar singing top voice boys playing bullfight game spanish boy dreams brave bullfighter grows gray tells
evening plane circles paris brilliantly lit city sprawls huge circle lights enclosing floodlit arch streets lined lights stretch circle spokes wheel wonder paris called city light exclaims mrs gray beautiful city seen morning leave hotel paris marvelous subway called metro part city reached metro population million city paris largest cities europe densely populated covers smaller area cities size ride metro visit eiffel tower lacy ironwork soars feet air magnificent vista top paris spreads winding seine bridges spires churches endless grey red roofs apartment houses palaces government buildings distance arch triumph france unknown soldier buried later drive louvre royal palace says gray early art museum hours roam halls louvre enjoying finest collections paintings sculpture known stop known masterpieces statues venus milo winged victory
ago switzerland ruled cruel governor named gessler put cap tall pole ordered swiss bow swiss named william tell refused salute cap gessler tell arrested gave bitter choice save shoot apple son head bow arrow william tell loved child proud skill archer carefully selected arrows split apple touching hair brave boy head gessler asked tell arrow tyrant arrow heart harmed son daring reply gessler angry tell thrown prison soon afterward tell escaped helped gain independence legend william tell says gray stories swiss boys girls learn supposed happened ago start switzerland fight independence story shows fine character swiss independent brave skillful proud country independence foreign rule surrounded powerful nations switzerland invaded able trained military service begin trip beautiful city geneva streets geneva speak french
flight sweden gray asks study maps answer questions sweden wide mountains lowlands sweden north arctic circle live southern sweden farms summers warm crops plenty rain farther north country covered dark green forests soon reach stockholm capital sweden surrounded water calls fred answers gray part city located peninsula rest islands sweep green parks rows modern apartment houses land busy airport bus hotel friends karl lundquists invited apartment says mrs gray evening streetcar edge tree filled park beautiful apartment buildings street operative apartment buildings gray tells family owns apartment sweden norway denmark famous operatives op dairies owned farmers stores ops owned shop elevator lundquist apartment seventh floor buildings mrs lundquist glad introduce son
communists thought private ownership wrong believed wrong person farm business thought country farms forests minerals railroads factories banks mines newspapers grocery stores owned government government began farm land big landowners peasants forced turn farms government farmers want give land forced big landowners killed fled country peasants refused give land peaceably shipped siberia forests mines put jail killed russia revolution land farmed narrow strips feudal times revolution communists tiny strip farms machinery strip farms need larger fields tractors steel plows wooden plows drawn oxen horses need threshing machines modern agricultural equipment government formed large collective farms embassy friend tells opportunity visit collective farm moscow rode farm truck farm deliver vegetables eggs big market moscow truck driven woman miles city village small wooden houses built sides dirt road
embassy friend tells countries eastern europe iron curtain satellite countries dominated soviet union today fly istanbul turkey says gray bombay india begin visit continent asia tell countries eastern europe let start poland continues gray plane rises story polish hero tell played part history country early summer young polish army captain leaned rail ship crossed atlantic ocean american colonies memories homeland marched mind unhappy memories poland recently forced surrender territory strong neighbors glanced blue waters saw shores american colonies hope sprang colonists struggle freedom struggle young captain kosciusko history loved freedom kosciusko fought alongside colonists fight freedom left america returned poland leader poland fight independence
africa largest continent land area united states fit giant continent times continents close neighbors asia joins africa sinai peninsula straits gibraltar europe lies miles distant large continent africa short coastline africa times large europe coastline shorter notice islands madagascar largest find zanzibar days slave trade eastern africa centered today famous cloves locate canary islands columbus stopped voyage ship rudder repaired africa plateau feet sea level high mountains break plateau places find atlas mountains locate mountains run miles east side africa rivers drain continent nile longest notice starts branches white nile blue nile sea flow congo drains part africa heaviest rainfall carries water african river ocean empty zambezi river famous victoria falls empty niger source western bulge africa flows north touches sahara turns south ocean flow
tour end began continent africa stop vigorous nation south africa located southern end continent nation ways reminds travelers european nations thirds railways automobiles africa colleges libraries newspapers telephones factories mines modern cities found african country million european descent live south half white africa half million asiatics india homes largest group million negroes country nearly times large california consists plateau feet sea level narrow coastal lowland bordering plateau sides map page find chain mountains separates lowland plateau seasons south africa opposite northern hemisphere region cape town mediterranean climate wet winters dry summers africa find mediterranean climate winds blowing indian ocean bring rainfall eastern coastal region winds lose moisture crossing mountains interior plateau dry grassland suitable grazing farming called veld dutch word field rainfall map part south africa rain
leave johannesburg head northeast ethiopia fly miles east africa highest rugged part continent mountains plateaus east africa include mt kilimanjaro africa loftiest peak cross zambezi river reach lake country east africa told narrow lakes lie rift valleys earth history huge breaks faults developed bedrock east africa immense strips land miles miles wide dropped feet formed narrow valleys places lakes fill valleys lake tanganyika longest fresh water lake rift valley lakes grass bush cover land herds cattle owned cattle raising tribes nearly lost immensity plateau catch glimpse thatched hut villages surrounded scattered patches wheat peanuts cotton coffee approaching ethiopian highlands region lies miles sea level mountain peaks soaring miles high roughest country africa jagged peaks valleys deep gorges rival grand canyon cut land examine rainfall map page find deserts border part ethiopia deserts rugged land ethopia isolated nation
special worlds family friends community community neighborhood big city section suburb small town farm ranch community houses miles community place feel home special manuel acosta painter special mexican american community barrio el texas barrio warm friendly place communities neighbors move barrio live barrio lives neighbors relatives friends nearby closely knit community manuel acosta family small plot land street homes stone wall surrounds acostas house garden flowers trees manuel acosta studio paints acostas cut surroundings friends neighbors visit manuel acosta asks pose portraits paints portraits faces personalities impress paints ordinary everyday shows unique individual acosta paints wide selection subject matter
pictures pages show faces manuel acosta calls village friends spanish says mi mi pueblo mis amigos barrio pueblo village children barrio acosta favorite subjects likes paint favorite subjects flowers look picture young girl acosta calls picture flower child look picture boys play picture called watermelon boat shows children playing game believe imagination creativity qualities children acosta admires wishes praise able enjoy manuel acosta paintings seen museums texas mexico california arizona painted murals paintings walls schools banks public buildings southwest manuel acosta family proud paintings mother treasures portrait face strength character determination enabled leave tiny town chihuahua northern mexico husband son find el texas united states son manuel painted portrait cesar chavez leader united farm workers america appeared cover magazine
expressed movements steps rhythms dance beginning prayed celebrated victories dance mourned dead healed sick dance language body today kinds dancing folk dancing ballet dancing modern dancing modern dance began early expressionistic dance modern dancers follow set pattern create movements match feelings trying express modern dance means expression modern dancers master science movement muscle control dancers learn skills combination emotions martha graham greatest modern dancers young dancer studied founders modern dance movement influenced kinds dancing martha graham developed personal dance style later formed dance company school york city feelings art modern dancer costume important part dance reason dance color outfit cut reason comes dance unlike ballet costume modern dance costume designed dance dancers art lives dancing dancing days left dancers art pictures memories
autumn cornell surrounding countryside grew beautiful changing month margaret took pictures found point camera saw hope picture learned important leave material picture began compose photographs found person base building show comparison real height building tall structure ordinary began realize pictures lopsided balance crowded picture pleased studied find afford experts clean service camera learned afford film processed arranged photographer ithaca allow darkroom develop enlarge prints christmas carefully selected enlarged photographs table front dormitory dining room hand lettered price list announcing orders prints desired surprise orders quickly write fast sum earned large resist going pictures winter ice formed waterfalls snow covered campus blanketing trees roofs buildings brought itch photograph saw
fascinated camera finding drama beauty objects ordinarily considered dramatic beautiful appreciate waterfall margaret striking picture icicle hanging eave window looked photographer commercial studio saw bad pictures awful selling fact hired student salespeople thrilling alumni news bought picture campus building single month cover paying dollars dollars fine cover pictures gave entirely idea camera magazine america graduated cornell cornell graduate architects working country saw pictures buildings wrote saying talented architectural photographer going career architectural photographer planned kind photographer close graduation offered job curator herpetology museum natural history york studied trained give career camera want
boy mother getting fat libby gigantic fat dope pregnant sure looks fat baby inside born regular libby peeking mom sleeping bedroom monday libby visit school mondays visit mom let bedroom sound asleep elvira sleeping top stomach kitten top haystack elvira dogs actually mom married dad yorkshire terrier small grumpy mom loves dad william german shorthaired pointer months elvira elvira mad william couch dad says high spirits pup hard imagine elvira high spirits room libby began playing indian tent mom week filling dentist lib play kinds camping sleeping games doll house
wednesday looking forward dance teacher mothers stay watch till couldn morning mom brought lobby wait till school bus comes elevator met school psychologist takes care children don school parents things don sort nosy mean saw hello hello early morning saw child morning going school anyway seen forgets school school antonia lincoln class grade interesting june june june tenth nice pretty soon nice brother sister play want brother sister sister reached lobby walked smiling mom nosy terrible mom fact nosy feel punching nose giggled hey ant idea start asking questions
don dinner mom dad days dad home thirty bed comes say goodnight mom dinner sing awhile fall asleep clock tuesday tuesday mom class school dad comes home early thirty supper supper dad thing thing mom wants healthful meal eat plate libby mother give instance hamburger peas carrots dessert applesauce cookies dad favorite meal spaghetti chocolate malted dad spaghetti glass beer salad going chocolate malted dad taking tease dad robbins remember put ice cream course remember dad fact remember added milk malted stuff shot bosco dad pouring straight bottle dad robbins add shot bosco
dad home early thirty big bunch lilacs mom favorite flowers set phosphorescent marks nonsense coloring book phosphorescent means glow dark nice presents didn baby mom eat bed tired dad fixed tray poached eggs toast spinach cup tea canned pears dessert helped dad cook pat poached eggs wet toast soggy pulled chair mom bed ate tray dad ate dining room spaghetti chocolate malted boy spaghetti chocolate malted practically week dessert bedroom mom feeling mom dad okay dad mom lilacs lovely smell ant smelled dad gave bunch put room mom stayed bed week home school bed reading watch tv lent coloring book
parties birthday school birthday regular school mother comes cupcakes candy teacher mrs wouldn let candy birthdays strict mrs says mrs young husband school moustache libby going ten march age mine school birthday don party hats favors mother comes lunchtime cupcakes lunch class special place child comes cupcakes dessert candles person birthday person blows candles makes wish yes course sing happy birthday don presents don school birthday born summertime libby says baby matilda born end june real birthday home invite special friends don school don want camp dancing class
named months bad sleeps room dad fixed lions wallpaper points makes sounds trying roar hard tell home hospital wake middle night cry sleeps tonight heard dad getting woke tell dad wears bedroom slippers padding sound mom goes bare feet dad give baby bottle night says mom rest bed room dad sprinkling baby powder toe re dad woke teething dad think teeth bothering baby beads chew teeth dropping wash dad put clean diaper carried shoulder kitchen bottle box bottles put nipple living room put raincoat dad wears raincoat feeds baby baby spat milk dad suit
warwick castle curious stranger going talk attracted things candid simplicity marvelous familiarity ancient armor company talking fell modest tail herd shown began say things interested walked softly pleasantly drift imperceptibly remote era forgotten country gradually wove spell move shadows dust mold gray antiquity holding speech relic exactly speak nearest personal friends enemies familiar neighbors spoke sir sir de sir lake sir galahad names table round unspeakably faded dry musty ancient look presently turned speak weather common matter souls transposition epochs bodies heard interested speak weather notice answer
camelot camelot don remember hearing asylum likely soft summer landscape lovely dream lonesome sunday air full smell flowers buzzing insects twittering birds wagons stir going road mainly winding path hoof prints faint trace wheels side grass wheels apparently tire broad hand presently fair slip girl ten cataract golden hair streaming shoulders head wore hoop flame red poppies sweet outfit saw walked indolently mind rest peace reflected innocent face circus paid attention didn startled fantastic going indifferently couple cows happened notice change hands turned stone mouth dropped open eyes stared wide picture astonished curiosity touched fear stood gazing sort stupefied fascination till turned corner wood lost view
stillness darkness realization soon began supplement knowledge mere knowledge fact pale realize fact takes color difference hearing stabbed heart seeing stillness darkness knowledge deadly danger took deeper deeper meaning realization crept inch inch veins turned cold blessed provision nature times soon mercury point comes revulsion rallies hope springs cheerfulness shape rally bound eclipse sure save greatest kingdom straightway mercury top tube solicitudes vanished happy impatient morrow wanted gather triumph center nation wonder reverence business making knew meantime thing pushed background mind
straight country lovely pleasant sylvan solitudes early cool morning freshness autumn hilltops saw fair green valleys lying spread streams winding island groves trees huge lonely oaks scattered casting black shade valleys saw ranges hills blue haze stretching billowy perspective horizon wide intervals dim white gray wave summit knew castle crossed broad natural lawns sparkling dew moved spirits cushioned turf giving sound footfall dreamed glades mist green light tint sun drenched roof leaves overhead feet clearest coldest frisking gossiping reefs making sort whispering music comfortable hear times left entered solemn deeps rich gloom forest furtive wild things whisked scurried eye place noise earliest birds turning getting business song quarrel yonder mysterious hammering drumming worms tree trunk impenetrable woods
paid pennies breakfast extravagant price seeing breakfasted dozen persons money feeling kind spendthrift anyway wanted give food scant provision grateful pleasure emphasize appreciation sincere thankfulness big financial lift money helmet pennies iron weight half dollar worth deal burden spent money freely days true reason proportions things entirely adjusted sojourn britain able absolutely realize penny arthur land couple dollars connecticut thing twins say purchasing power start camelot delayed days paid beautiful coins mint pleased adopted american values exclusively week cents nickels dimes quarters half dollars trifle gold trickling thin steady streams commercial veins kingdom looked blood freshen
knights errant believed castles desirable places seek hospitality matter fact knights errant persons believed measured modern standards veracity measured standards scaled truth simple discounted statement ninety cent rest fact making allowance truth remained find castle ringing door bell mean hailing warders thing pleased saw distance horseman making bottom turn road wound castle approached saw wore plumed helmet clothed steel bore curious addition stiff square garment herald tabard smile forgetfulness nearer read sign tabard persimmons soap prime idea wholesome purposes view civilizing uplifting nation place furtive blow nonsense knight errantry suspected started number bravest knights sandwiched bulletin boards bearing device judged numerous begin look ridiculous steel clad ass board begin look ridiculous fashion
pilgrims human beings acted differently difficult journey journey nearly finished learned main thing ceased exist didn horses cats angle worms turn profitable anxious miraculous fountain forty times anxious place accounting human beings couple hours sunset stood high confines valley eyes swept end end noted features large features masses buildings distant isolated shrunken toy constructions lonely waste desert scene mournful impressively looks steeped death sound interrupted stillness add faint sound tolling bells floated fitfully passing breeze faintly softly knew heard ears spirits reached monastery dark males lodging women nunnery bells close hand solemn booming smote ear message doom
saturday noon looked awhile merlin burning smoke powders pawing air muttering gibberish hard looking pretty downhearted course started perspiration finally thing promise partner behold busied trial enchantment known princes occult arts lands east fail naught avail peace finish raised smoke darkened region matters uncomfortable hermits wind rolled dens dense billowy fog poured volumes speech match contorted body sawed air hands extraordinary end twenty minutes dropped panting exhausted arrived abbot hundred monks nuns multitude pilgrims couple acres foundlings drawn prodigious smoke grand excitement abbot inquired anxiously results merlin labor mortal break spell binds waters failed feared truth established sign failure potent spirit known magicians east utter live laid spell
influence valley prodigious worth try turn valuable account thought morning suggested seeing knights soap line riding according history monks place centuries worldly minded want wash leaven remaining sounded brother wouldn bath shuddered thought thought peril feeling needs ask poor body known blessed refreshment boy god wash fair sir tempt forbidden sighed sorrowful resolved layer real estate removed sized influence pile abbot asked permit brother idea don mean course couldn scraped didn care scrape knew book cover thickness surface trembled ah son ask aught thou wilt thine freely granted grateful heart
morning fourth sunrise tramping hour chill dawn resolution king drilled things hand deliberately conscientiously drilled couldn venture enter dwelling cats humbug peasant called halt sire clothes countenance discrepancy clothes bearing wrong noticeable discrepancy stride lordly port stand straight looks high confident cares kingdom stoop shoulders droop chin depress high level eye glance put doubt fear heart hang signs body unsure step sordid cares lowly born things learn trick imitate trade marks poverty misery oppression insult common sap manliness loyal proper approved subject satisfaction masters infants disguise pieces hut stop
strolled sufficiently indolent fashion talked dispose amount hamlet put justice track murderers home meantime auxiliary interest paled lost novelty arthur kingdom behavior born nice exact subdivisions caste chance shaven monk trudged cowl tilted sweat washing fat jowls coal burner deeply reverent gentleman abject small farmer free mechanic cordial gossipy slave passed countenance respectfully lowered chap nose air couldn times hang human race finish farce presently struck incident small mob half naked boys girls tearing woods scared shrieking eldest twelve fourteen implored help couldn matter plunged wood scurrying lead trouble quickly revealed hanged fellow bark rope kicking struggling process choking death rescued fetched
cargo arrived sunset saturday afternoon hands full marcos fainting sure jones ruined past help blamed accessories bankruptcy addition dinner materials called sufficiently round sum bought lot extras future comfort family instance big lot wheat delicacy rare tables class ice cream hermit sizable deal dinner table entire pounds salt piece extravagance eyes crockery stools clothes small cask beer instructed marcos quiet give chance surprise guests show concerning clothes simple couple children night wasn nearly daylight put hour dawn due pleasure say delirium fresh inspiring sight paid interruptions sleep suffered king slept usual dead marcos thank clothes forbidden tried think grateful
attention suddenly snatched matters child began lose ground sitting case couldn bear allow help service stood watch watch ah sandy heart simple genuine flawless wife mother married reasons customs chivalry property knight win field hunted britain found hanging bout london straightway resumed place side opinion sort partnership compromise sooner later couldn cut argument short wedding didn drawing prize draw twelvemonth dearest comradeship talk beautiful friendships persons sex sort compared friendship wife impulses highest ideals place comparison friendships earthly divine dreams wandered thirteen centuries unsatisfied spirit calling vacancies vanished
crept hands knees pretty close looked yes dim figure armor standing erect hands upper wire course smell burning flesh poor fellow dead door nail knew hurt stood statue motion plumes swished night wind rose looked bars visor couldn knew features dim shadowed heard muffled sounds approaching sank ground knight vaguely coming stealthily feeling put hand find upper wire bend step lower arrived knight started slightly discovered stood moment doubt wondering didn move low voice thou sir mar laid hand corpse shoulder uttered soft moan sunk dead killed dead killed dead friend fact awful early birds scattering minutes vicinity half hour
dawn laid manuscript rain ceased gray sad exhausted storm sighing sobbing rest stranger room listened door slightly ajar hear voice knocked answer heard voice peeped lay bed talking brokenly spirit punctuating arms thrashed restlessly sick delirium slipped softly bent ejaculations spoke merely word call attention glassy eyes face alight instant pleasure gratitude gladness welcome sandy longed sit leave leave sandy hand give dear let hold peace happy happy sandy dim vague mist cloud blessedness sufficient hand don require child hello central answer asleep bring wakes let touch hands face hair tell sandy
hai ran stairs called recognized wing friend wing father shop shop hai grandfather going help grandfather today wing asked hai today test grandfather shop grandfather let vacation wing smiled father shop hai wanted friend wing salesperson hai shy hard talk strangers strangers tourists bargain hunters looked cheated tourists selling fake jade real things happened hai grandfather angry soon tourists won want buy hong kong want buy things grandfather hai hai thought grandfather took truth customers put necklace buy grandfather told truth real jade hai knew customers store buy thing pay times tourists tell real jade fake hai asked grandfather wing don buy real fake jade
konrad lorenz enjoys outdoors observe ducks geese lives beautiful lake germany youth lorenz studied animals kinds pets including fish birds monkey animals cages lorenz grew vienna big city apartment place animals loose later family moved big house danube river lorenz allow animals free behaved times relaxed river watched mother goose nest watched baby geese hatch eggs look mother waited walked lorenz recorded birds actions began wonder baby geese mother taught mother lorenz grew scientist studied animals continued ask difficult questions baby geese follow mother don lorenz thought follow test theory lorenz strange thing put goose eggs incubator box keeps eggs warm eggs hatched lorenz object geese saw geese trailed thought mother
dancing art appreciate enjoy hear music move body rhythm melody dancing natural show feeling music ballet unique style dancing special kinds movements require strength grace ballet dancers learn discipline bodies early age successful field dancers train hard discipline ballet requires difficult accomplish ballet requires lot hurts dancers assume positions bodies natural positions unique positions require practice practice practice dancers famous practice stop female ballet dancer called ballerina learn dance toes tips graceful perform ballerina kirkland began ballet practice early age started school began didn want stop dream prima ballerina practice legs feet hurt hurt cried ballet exercises kind discipline takes successful ballet dancer
part fun playing game constructing toys playing try constructing racing cars empty spools need large wooden spools rubber bands lollipop sticks carpet tacks flat kind washers locate hammer ready begin hammer tacks end spool allow head tack stick bit put rubber band hole spool loop end rubber band tack rubber band sticking end spool tie knot shorter put washers rubber band end spool held tack put lollipop stick centimeters inch rubber band loop hold spool hand wind stick carefully put car floor point direction want release car spool shoot straight floor wind stick locate rubber band try goes fast direction point car ready race help friends cars
baseball season amy sighed trying sound didn care mother didn believe amy didn care maybe coach let play amy shrugged studied shoes worked hard muscles maybe mom smiling chin luck amy want play team amy trotted closet pick glove cap going practice called shut door thump arrived baseball park lot boys coach bag full bats white balls dirty lay dust stood talking trying look nervous stand base amy slowly coach called boys batter catcher scattered field pitched practice swings batter missed balls taking hard swings spin left elbow easy advice coach batter hit ball straight amy put glove catching ball neat thump nice catch called amy thanks
team practice saturday wednesday afternoon worked hard muscles hurt told jokes laughed amy knew knew play positions pitch professional real game felt funny couldn eat lunch trying mom jim car afternoon grumbled jim put jacket nervous sighed amy want baseball park mom jim amy rode baseball park arrived jim gave minute advice ball low tight throw high mumbled amy scratched elbow told wished head wouldn spin dugout talked fred nervous heard say amy didn feel scared legs felt water warmed pitching fred catcher took place mound batter face max max walked team played hot shots
dinky yellow cat grown cat stopped growing halfway furry cats whiskers smaller points sit lap hunting grasshoppers garden hide big yellow flowers bad points story evening sky turned velvet crickets sang hiding places dinky sit window watch moon slip sky tonight say gave special bath ready join cats fence polish fur sit fence cats sing moon things worked dinky fence cat crowded end moon turned silver sliver times dinky discouraged finally gave sitting fence night took walk pass pond end road saw bright water carefully edge water closer look saw purr surprise
difficult things school play games read stories listen music help home things give satisfaction thing feel playing basketball standing heads painting picture famous singer named beverly sills feels sings opera known opera singer beverly sills belle silverman girl brooklyn girls belle mom dad gave born bubbles bubbles sound opera star changed beverly mean beverly sills knew going opera singer enjoyed singing learned sing listening copying mother opera records win talent contests singing beverly sang radio program television country heard voice beverly mother knew daughter singing lessons beverly going sing opera
shouted sun sun returns cried mother big night weeks sun glowing sky south edge sun rose view moved quickly horizon dropped view tomorrow knew sun stay bit longer big night end exclaimed snow melt anxious son mother weeks pass sun strong summer let return job clean seal father returns hunting later lay snug fur sleeping bag listened father tell hunt seal early opening ice strong thrust father speared animal pulled ice father pleaded tomorrow wait son father wait older days stay help mother play children school boy longer morning heard bell schoolhouse woke dogs breakfast frozen fish stars sparkled snow making light outdoors lights shone schoolhouse windows
wasn fair family born adopted father born mother born older brothers born born mother feel unhappy lonely anyway brothers allowed didn stay clock evening wanted andy didn spaghetti didn eat rest spaghetti andy hamburger wasn fair matt didn mexican food hamburger didn want hamburger didn mom don want hamburger today want spaghetti mexican food mother laughed put catsup taste kids born family wanted boy bike wheels bike wheels boots tie pull boots tree house house boxes dining room wasn fair mom boys born mother older allowed choices
word madman trusted cherokee chiefs shook heads laughed sequoyah stood reminded sequoyah wasn half cherokee mother indian father white worse sequoyah joined white army young sequoyah stood important cherokee chiefs told talking leaves words leaves sequoyah daughter ah twelve sequoyah tried believe talking leaves frightened child hid father big medicine chiefs didn believe sequoyah trusted trying jokes making bad medicine chiefs angry frowned murmured sequoyah tried explain talking leaves important cherokees told learned talking leaves army saw white soldiers look pieces paper strange markings markings told news events place sequoyah reminded chiefs cherokee scattered country united able communicate sequoyah told chiefs worked twelve turned sounds cherokee language eighty written symbols
mark finished chores lightheartedly room changing baseball uniform heard father footsteps hall dad called knowing ranch house early emergency rain storm night washed fence corner range father grimly cattle scattered place son big game today pete mark frowned thought game biggest season scheduled pitch look father face left question mind game matter mark shrugged trying sound meant ranch important clothes interrupted leave days round missing cattle lucky don lose quicksand boulder creek mark quickly saddled horse mounted father side range washed fence hurried lucky game pitch innings cattle mark pointing left missing dad
cyclops flock giant thick fleeced rams coats black wool quietly tied rams threes member crew tied middle ram rams side protect picked ram flock grabbing curled held thick fleece tight grip fear hearts waited dawn east spotted red rams began leave cave pastures ewes stayed bleating milked master pain ran hands backs animals passed noticed crew tied sheep finally big ram trembling beneath stopped doorway patted monster polyphemus spoke ram mean leave today sad master blindness hands wicked took sight asleep swear safe pound caused misery let ram pass cave put distance terrible cave freed untied
sailed land lord winds sailors bad winds makes home sons daughters lives floating land shining bronze wall built welcomed sweet music delicious food month stayed living kind host gave news trojan war trip home favor gave big bag oxhide caught energies winds tied bag tight rope silver winds called wind west blow ships seas ithaca disaster greed crew weariness days sailing fair wind caught sight ithaca signal lights shore thought cyclops curse harm tired tending sails left island lay deep sleep slept misfortune watched took place crew began speak land hands empty
gathered crew told warning warned sirens listen song terrible place sirens beautiful voices heard look follow calling mean death rocks hear doomed ears filled beeswax safe listen song tie tight mast untie voices matter beg move swiftly past terrible place surely white bones sirens feet coming close home sirens called ball beeswax pushed pulled beeswax making soft warmth sun cut pieces ball ears prisoner ship tied tightly mast sat benches pulled strength oars fast approaching rocks sight ship sirens broke beautiful song draw draw odysseus sang bring ship closer hear song
walked hill store betsy suddenly exclaimed asked ellen project change rule pets remember month mother mother getting sign petition crossing guards street couldn petition pets ask project sign give asked ellen mayor saw picture paper yesterday dog pet ellen looked thoughtful think don worth trying betsy think rule changed let write petition soon copies kids help buildings betsy petition drew smiles wishes luck children asked sign betsy rang doorbells hands cold nervousness paper shook held signed tenants friendly soon felt ease answered bell find glasses betsy read petition loud part request copied mother petition mayor betsy read paper
ellen gave betsy shove betsy step forward balance yes mayor looked stomach felt shaky enormous picture seen paper petition mayor stuttered betsy surprised hear shaky voice sounded handed papers covered signatures mayor took papers betsy hand reached pocket pulled glasses adjusted nose read petition turned pages signatures examined carefully finally looked betsy pet yes sir betsy tiny voice don think fair eh sir kind pet asked mayor betsy took deep breath cat poor cat lame paw suddenly children found voices started speaking feeding going kittens re allowed pets weather getting cold whoa whoa shouted mayor babble voices children fell silent heard mayor looked betsy emergency
sudana sick zoo doctor heard gateman drove zoo morning heard monkey house keeper shouted wanted elephant house news drove front animal hospital center zoo told let sudana illness soon arrived doctor knew matter important snatched black bag emergency medicines hurried animal ambulance roared bob elephant house keeper meet drew front door glad re doc sudana mighty sick happen night guess evening left food water ate night morning acting wanted water filled trough begging afraid give feels hot hmm let look sudana certainly look sick big african elephant leaning steel bars front elephant house matter girl sudana doctor talked soothingly slowly climbed guardrail reached bars lay hand elephant trunk
money buy things thought money interesting beautiful begin looking coins decide penny nickel lot fun spend begin put interesting coins box pocket begin wondering talking reading soon discover nickel cents worth twenty cents seventy look spend coins shame pay chocolate bar dime worth ten cents coin collector begin collecting money pocket mother send grocery store soon home spread change kitchen table begin look carefully lay kennedy half dollar lincoln penny buffalo nickel replace ordinary money begin collecting thing want coin worth money money worth makes coins valuable penny worth cent
summer paul decided maine visit father mother arrived talked times paul asked billy pilgrim biggest part country billy pilgrim asked paul digging st lawrence river united states canada paul father separate countries knew united states canada paul bunyan billy found billy pilgrim digging dug small ditch paul laughed saw dig st lawrence river weeks paul billy angry thought dig large river weeks give million dollars dig st lawrence river weeks billy pilgrim paul friends babe blue ox ole big swede brimstone bill paul woodsmen joined paul told ole huge scoop shovel large house fastened babe buckskin rope hauled tons dirt emptied scoop shovel vermont large piles dirt called green mountains billy pilgrim afraid finish river
paul bunyan finished digging st lawrence river decided west summertime forest sweet smell green trees spreading branches cast cool shadows ground cross vast plains paul hot blade grass grow thirsty water drink paul babe blue ox leading rest camp started plains journey west days left woods knee deep sand stretched miles miles sun hotter hotter tree sight paul bunyan forest missed cool shade trees paul stopped rest thirty forty stand shadow escape boiling sun won able cried brimstone bill begin cool soon hot exhausted refused step hot biscuit slim cook complained food left camp night paul took babe blue ox mountains north mountains paul found farmer barnful corn buy corn paul farmer loaded corn babe started camp arrived sun shining grew hotter sun arose overhead
days jan grew worse white thin lost taste meat ate thought bread stopped squire farmyard jan fell knees master let begged let stand longer release promise sorry lad squire promise promise agreement agreed stay bread ready won let promise promise jan unhappy days weeks endless passed christmas children sang carols house christmas tree big kitchen squire house mary baking wonderful christmas breads delicious smell filled house jan enjoy hid stables delicious loaves sight smell added unhappiness squire look stable jan lad afraid hungry today bread house christmas eve jan sadly christmas eve today poorest beggar feasting hungry
seventy eighty ago city orleans louisiana kind music born today popular kinds music jazz jazz began negroes orleans enjoyed playing music studied music music form band play street corners jazz popular rest united states happen louis armstrong louis friends sing pennies boys streets orleans young louis learned play trumpet boys band soon known orleans big chance king oliver bandleader louis respected asked chicago part band louis armstrong soon popular musicians playing trumpet part jazz composers named edward kennedy duke ellington duke born washington loved play piano liked piano lessons skip lessons play ball boys
morning beautiful ship morro castle racing atlantic ocean heavy sea night dark wind wild rain driving hard afraid morro castle ship strong lifeboats places ship carry lights jersey miles bad thing happen ship close land morro castle york city board night sea big party planned night party begin ship captain suddenly died ship took captain job felt party anymore bed early george rogers ship radioman morning fast asleep suddenly bedroom door opened george alagna rogers helper ran alagna fire rogers dressed hurry smoke place ran radio room alagna ship captain find send sos letters sos radio call letters ships need help ship captain give order send sos things bad running place
air lifesaving letters sooner morro castle fire rogers sending sos radio table caught fire radio stopped rogers working feeling parts fingers longer smoke minutes later morro castle words hurry longer fire radio room need help ran room past morning lifeboats lowered water worked ship boat boats carry ships sighted close started pick water swimming land unhappy ship died night lost lives ship workers jobs say george rogers workers leave ship story strange ending morro castle fire george left sea later killed woman took money prison rest
randy fallen put cover hole led hole foot wide wide boy fall hole deep dropped feet water high tall standing top randy longer minutes hole wanted help randy hole couldn wider dirt fall randy thought dig bigger hole alongside randy hold ground feet running manuel corral stepped hole thought able twelve inches space grown corral small tiny feet tall thin tied ropes feet put hole didn want headfirst hole tight corral wasn sure knew holding randy arms
blackbeard shot friend leg asked blackbeard sure running things pirate able walk waited chance blackbeard chance english warships blackbeard pirate told english find charge warships robert maynard job wanted warships caught blackbeard river north carolina english waited mouth river blackbeard sea blackbeard thought break brought ship alongside maynard called let jump board cut pieces blackbeard run thought maynard ship easy prize maynard didn run soon maynard blackbeard face face fired handguns blackbeard missed maynard hit pirate didn slow blackbeard knife raced air maynard ducked maynard quickly moved blackbeard felt point knife blackbeard pirate stood ground fight hard suddenly maynard knife broke hand
streets logan west virginia feet water march rain turned nearby river hugh lake water running wildly town caught surprise think river high fast try leave houses late families stay roofs houses night morning william neal foot outboard boat started looking need help pretty soon heard cries cries trouble coming story house roof water doors windows covered save woman voice called inside save neal found talk roof asked woman answered hurry blind hold neal asked don air top room water heads neal called found help stewart miller charles job cut big hole roof front porch
blind took hand air hold let ducked window hole porch roof neal miller pulled blind boat getting blind easy part house house filled water front help miller broken window living room surprise electric light top room help find clothing bedding boxes pictures top water light afraid water wires killed electricity passes water easily miller top room feel water find doorway bedroom found door open ducked underwater doorway bedroom light charlie estella smith standing table heads water help mrs smith miller thing wasn strong wife
cold night arab sitting inside tent suddenly camel stuck nose flap tent master let put head inside tent cold arab put head inside tent camel put head tent camel master pray let put neck tent catch cold head warm neck cold replied arab put neck tent camel kind master allow put forelegs tent room uncomfortable standing arab arab moved room camel tent small camel generous master permit stand tent flap tent open standing cold air rushes inside arab inside camel crowded tent tent small think room tent camel smaller stood words camel gave arab push soon arab found standing cold camel enjoying warmth tent
lived king queen wanted child girl born overjoyed princess lovely proud king ordered splendid feast thirteen fairies living kingdom invited twelve twelve golden dinner plates feast twelve fairies offered special gift princess fairest fairy happiest loved heart kindness riches sing nightingale eleven fairies gifts princess wish twelfth fairy speak suddenly door big hall opened thirteenth fairy wanted revenge invited bent sleeping child hissed princess fifteen prick finger spindle die saying word angry fairy turned left terrified confusion twelfth fairy spoken stepped forward quickly grieve king queen undo bad fairy curse change
boy named father mother food cup beans ate bean finally left put bean pocket walked night saw house mulberry tree knocked door asked wanted father mother food bean poor boy kind gave eat let sleep fire night bean rolled pocket cat ate awoke cried kind cat eaten bean cat kind want wicked animal took cat walked house walnut tree knocked door asked wanted father mother cat ate bean bad kind gave walnuts eat let sleep dog kennel night dog ate cat awoke cried kind dog eaten cat dog kind want mean brute took dog walked house fig tree knocked door
poor lived wife humble cottage forest chop wood forest dear unhappy poor hard wife hungry hungry unhappy moment beautiful fairy appeared poor heard sorry help ask wishes granted suddenly fairy disappeared poor felt happy home tell wife fairy granted wishes ran cottage called wife wife wife fortunate saw fairy forest wishes ask fairy wish granted wife happy happy woman let house dear let decide wishes cottage sat table hungry wife dinner
girl lived mother girl poor left eat girl gathered berries roots forest met woman poor gave girl pot want sweet pudding say pot pot boil cook pudding tasted eat say pot stop pot stop cooking girl thanked woman couldn wait try girl ran home showed mother magic pot longer poor hungry ate sweet pudding girl walk mother pot boil cooked pudding eat bite mother stop pot cooking pudding cooked pudding pot kitchen rooms street house soon street filled sweet pudding ran house pot wanted cook knew terrible mess finally houses filled pudding child home pot stop immediately pot stopped cooking wanted town eat sweet pudding
lived donkey carried heavy sack grain mill master worn weary master wanted donkey ill wind blowing legs started town bremen thinking town musician living big hunting dog panted tired step hound donkey panting hard ach dog sadly getting weaker fit hunting master wanted kill took heels lot knowing earn food idea friend donkey bremen plan town musician music play lute pound drum dog content plan traveled met cat face looked sad rain whisker wiper crossed path today asked donkey cheerful stake answered cat getting teeth longer sharp find easier sit fire dream run mice mistress wanted drown ran
lived shoemaker shoemaker worked hard earn money live left piece leather pair shoes bed night cut leather shoes wanted early finish bed prayers soon asleep conscience trouble morning awoke prayers sat surprise stood shoes table say think picked shoes examined closely saw perfectly neat shiny single bad stitch customer saw shoes shop window delighted shoes paid shoemaker high price money shoemaker bought leather pairs shoes night cut leather idea getting early morning finish shoes bed usual awoke morning table found pairs shoes perfectly pair shoemaker cut leather pair shoes found morning perfect pair shoes evening christmas shoemaker wife sitting fire shoemaker sit tonight watch makes shoes night
special dad smiled mom secret going electric train asked tom special birthday dad going baseball mitt asked tom tom going special birthday finally birthday tom didn things thought table high round bowl filled water green plants feathery leaves leaves tom saw black animals small bodies wiggling tails saw water snails funny round house carried tom watched thin feelers mouths opened closed tom asked dad street cleaners eat bowl neat clean animals tails dad special riddle look closely young fresh eggs slowly change birds called tom sister cathy tom think fish dad laughed animals eggs birds fish look fast swim cathy bowl look called mice tail baby mouse tail mice birds fish children waited watched saw
sam wanted play house busy wanted play sam walked kitchen mother peeling apples pie picked knife table sam don touch knife cried mother knife sharp sharp boys don want touch knife sam mother peeling apples don play sammy sam walked porch big brother george sitting steps reading books school sam picked book turned pages find picture sam put book yelled george book re touch sam looked cry book school george loud dirty rip pages trouble don touch books understand sam stood don inside play sammy george sam living room window big sister marcia making clothes paper dolls sam picked dolls waved hand sam screamed marcia saw bend doll hand ruin sam looked cry play sammy don touch dolls
edward frost share problems didn solve biggest martin hastings bully barkham street martin older edward solution martin continue older hundred edward ninety edward feeling entirely safe fact enemy didn help edward martin lived door edward lived number barkham street martin lived number solution avoid enemy looked door looked window saw dad job alaska edward asked mother mrs frost didn look surprised question edward father couldn change job frost teacher university st louis alaska fun edward insisted hope bet lot room teachers bet need badly think dad want needed mrs frost sighed martin hastings edward nodded martin chased blocks edward absolutely exhausted fell martin sat top pulled hair uncle say uncle
edward stood window watched rain tossing sudden gusts street wind caught falling straight car tires hissing wet ruffled robin bounded grass took wings flew apparently roof dog running nose ground sleek water edward watched hopefully end stories boy wanted dog didn wonderful dog selected stories dogs stray owned saw boy dog loved gave dog stories parents agreed dog idea edward looking dog follow home school refuse leave case didn mother refuse couple times tried lure dog follow whistling snapping fingers running tempting picked dogs homes liked dog wet dog running rain suddenly stop house door cry let wouldn mother sure let edward
evening dinner frosts sitting living room relaxing frost read paper mrs frost book edward hour television ago lay floor feet chair wondering guys beat bad guys couldn real dad tilting head look father upside hmm frost peered top newspaper hmm caught burning barn ten blazing shooters bullet broken leg burn shot suppose choice wouldn leap horse ride door posse thought leg broken horse understand position easy ride horse matter position edward laughed wouldn win odds afraid actor edward twisted sat actors win odds say wants badly says person struggles tries persists couldn win end person paid attention simple things asked mrs frost daresay win end
living room mrs frost brother sitting trotted lay composed possessive boys stood doorway rod simply watching dog loving eyes edward waiting mother say animal living room say fact idea animal house didn ask leave asking brother leave hand dog question big family mother insistence edward responsible felt heart bones responsibility rising minute mother recognize began wish announced past sense duty strong wasn room believed admit wasn reason sense duty father lifts shy head want disappears immediately want don reliable edward felt lot sympathy boy fable cried wolf wolf uncle josh looking dog
yard uncle josh lying canvas sling chair eyes half closed brown button sweater rolled sleeves brown muscles arms stood strongly thin edward rod racing yard tireless matter chasing sticks looked found interesting strange spoke approached opened eyes immediately smiled spoke warmth interest cared thought soon moved stopped looking couldn explain felt felt adult mischievous forbidden perilous things front wouldn lift voice rebuke stop gave splendid unchecked adventurous feeling moment think forbidden thing wished didn altogether care wandering remind presence big yard close acre edward wondering meant decided reasons uncle josh didn ask questions read minds say edward sense
uncle josh edward put proposition shook head dear young fellow night recall able look forward dinner involving linen silver bed roof glad help set supervise think share adventure boys disappointed wanted say supposed reasonable mrs frost contributed potato chips carrots thermos cocoa cake cookout edward knew wasn happy idea looked brother certainly started uncle josh didn boys slept occasionally selected tamer place start caught edward rod looking added immediately basic idea boys re sky ground sleeping sleeping matter course didn believe fun seeped preparations sitting porch real decision uncle josh remained allowed house morning
breakfast hurried spurts conversation led mrs frost going shop morning frost fine edward bad laugh silence frost chancellor university going europe summer mrs frost nice edward rod brother law written hot saudi arabia expect frost standing took case kissed wife gave edward perplexed look try stopped yeah dad edward sure frost sure thing ran edward going mom edward yes mom don bike absentminded won walked slowly barkham street morning sun wondering bother stop rod mike ran hey edward wait gotta tell hi mike edward dull voice stopped waited mike tell heard mike asked heard edward asked indifferently martin mean sound funny feel funny dopey martin say told gonna laying afternoon school bunch guys sixth grade
think say rod asked anxiously mean supposed edward beating door don want thing sobbing help yell rod rod lifted voice howled kicked door shouted edward hey re door didn budge felt shudder train motion slow turn wheels picking speed clicking clicking beat door yelled knew leaned shaken scared slowly sank floor hours couldn exchange word train shook rattled raced diesel horn wailed sign slackening dark edward rod leaning comfort stared blackness chinks daylight shone give real light move move horn lonely animal wheels clicking beneath car swaying rounded corners vibrating heads teeter suppose re going rod tense voice dunno edward whispered
minutes later rod edward asleep thin hard bunks jail town didn edward woke daylight gray church bell striking lay minute puzzled faintly frightened remembered twisted look bunk saw rod stepping door cell heard voices search ran mother edward putting arms edward happened edward rubbed eyes moment leaned stood mistake mom looked unhappy added gonna behave hoped going anyway try drive home talked spite sleep edward rod feeling lively mrs frost drove frown concentration edward decided wonder concentrating times today adults threatened overwhelm escape ignore nice mother sergeant young baggage rod folks awful mad mrs frost shook head
wild dogs island blue dolphins remember aleuts slain tribe dogs left join pack bolder spent nights running village plans rid ship left sure pack grew bolder leader big thick fur neck yellow eyes seen dog aleuts left sailed larger dog short hair brown eyes sure dog killed pack left beginning born meantime young dogs wilder hill cave pack collected brush mouth lair waited pack cave early morning sleep spent night prowling took big bow arrows spears
soon moment children dreaded german sentry garson nazis town children seen rest morning spent pulling heavy sleds woods riswyk begin toboggan mountain happen nazis refused allow suspected began search sled peter wouldn let think happen stories vikings sleds viking boats sailing seas nearest america peter hungry let eat michael proposed barely woods peter wanted start ride mountain michael repeated request later agreed idea thought postpone brush sentinels girls eat michael yelled pulled bank road sleds cluster sat munching dark bread dried fish cheese cold meat michael race look peter wiped mouth mitten look peter michael helga lovisa seen uncle victor strangely returned norway companions reached point scene snow battle fun
sleds mile turn bend cliff hid entrance snake sentries taking stiff kneed walks rifles germans unloading supplies looked children sleds sentries stop peter asked wouldn let pass captain friendly toboggan anyway job watch guards directly front sentry saw blank face look show pleased displeased sentry peter saw soldiers dragging heavy tarpaulin snow looked direction round cap fringe yellow hair saw eyes seen say sled riding sentry stepping line churned snow blank looks give children lifted finger stop going allowed uncle victor suspect boys girls sleds
lassie meet problem brain reason base conduct past experience kind human method young child undergo dangerous experiences find result parents older persons tell acquired knowledge result case animal pass acquired knowledge young animal meet experience faced kind history lassie learn feed quality animals longer instinct instinct lessons past experiences animals manage arrive conclusions reaches reasoning power instinct drove lassie daily direction past experience taught wary human beings instinct told sight follow low ground ravines glide belly low instinct taught find food traveling fast swinging trot senses began warn halted half beaten animal track wild heather head forward stood eyes ears nose reading signs faintly human insensible
morning early june crowned tiny green cones vigorous spite age strange sounds heard forest heard sounds faint whispers sounds buzzing honey bees trees falling water splashing high cliffs wondered dwellers forest wondered sounds week week muffled sounds bear smell odors hear sounds distances grew restless suspicious restless complaining listened winter vague sounds stopped quiet forest soon flowers sprinkled meadows aspen trees grew cheerful leaves sounds began spring louder strange sounds riddle forest folk deer soon grew restless sought shelter distant secret valleys bear smelled heard dangerous afar soon sounds falling trees shaking ground earthquake passing timid creatures ran sought shelter distant thickets wily fox moved cozy den stump coyotes disappeared knew nightly sound mountain lion frighten creatures darkness
month later chemists biologists technicians laboratory putting plasma test drew devise longer blood discarded blood plasma prepared routine blood bank usual collecting storing keeping watch patients keeping mountain records plasma addition blood bank open sixteen hours studies spread period completed coordinated carried charles drew inspired september twenty lenore robbins charles richard drew married charley managed weekend philadelphia wedding york typical bridegroom charley talked dreams plans thoughts vine covered cottage charley spent honeymoon trip telling lenore plasma plasma instantly stopping type patient blood plasma quick easy prepare large amounts properly prepared spoil keeping month longer refrigeration russian lenore shook head bad charley mention material pooling bloods published russian chap article translated pooling plasma blood blood groups idea
matter heidi hay ran fetch grandfather stopped wait moment descended ladder bed climbing heavy linen sack floor saying hay heidi strove main spread sack hands manage heavy stuff grandfather help soon arranged bed looked nice firm heidi stood entranced admiration exclaimed beautiful perfect bed wish night grandfather lie think eat think asked heidi interested bed forgotten remembered felt suddenly hungry eaten breakfast piece bread weak coffee journey heidi replied heartily grandfather question yes think agree grandchild ladder fireplace removed big kettle hung smaller place chain seated stool round seat blew fire till blaze kettle began boil
broke gray dismal canoe lifted fell idly glassy swells mafatu looked shoulder searching horizon glimpse atoll vanished hide forever concern matting sail slatted uselessly need sail canoe riding mysterious ocean currents flow courses length breadth pacific paths sea ancients called ocean currents carried polynesian navigators island island childhood mafatu drifting farther farther homeland wide flapping wings rose bow canoe ascending spirals bird climbed higher higher gray speck lighter gray sky mafatu watched albatross disappear felt desolation flood heart uri company hostile sky sea uri yellow dog lay curled shadow bow opening eye look master mafatu uri eye reach wastes leaden water canoe moving center limitless circle sea boy shuddered fingers gripped paddle convulsively
fingered ike hunched shoulders glow burning embers cast soft light rugged face character line wrinkle clear truthful honest couldn lie telling truth simple frankness clarity told bill early ike west wild pecos bill showed scene lived mighty strange thing happened night foaled west began git leetle bit fuzzy edges turned face bill edge west slopes river texas border fuzz growed shaggy wasn woolly wild woolly wasn waste half days yore neck mischief yore maw give jim bowie famous knife cut yore teeth raised seventeen young uns bill ike impressively turned include classed expert purty big family bronco jones ike agreed sir gourd biggest find filled rocks
yes dangerous asked homer course amount risk method travel days dangerous ya mean airplanes instance large shiny black car stopped front lunch room chauffeur helped lady rear door inside lady smiled homer stopped light snack doughnuts coffee simply marvelous homer sorry ma doughnuts won ready batter start uncle ulysses doughnut machine clever young doughnuts blushed homer receipt follow young simply allow help haven doughnuts receipt doughnuts marvelous ma homer wait till taste doughnuts lady apron asked took fur coat rings jewelry rolled sleeves charles chauffeur hand baking powder young need nutmeg homer chauffeur stood handed things cracked eggs lady mixed stirred gabby sat stool sipped coffee looked interest lady ingredients mixed
thought presenting flowers mrs van miller big job job coming hundred times tough happened thick fast sixth grade told half things happened knew week school plan games entertainment end school picnic miss sylvia waved miss mothers hard picnics couldn girls serve lunch let mothers play maybe play baseball boys cute opal nose cute usual guys say dames corner talk terrible feeling picnic suppose fellow trips mother accidentally hits ball let girls play annabelle makes rules stay batter home run tag fingers crossed girls play baseball mothers girls older stiffer going picnic picnic mother excited taking dozen sandwiches
mister excuse bustin look re boss football team looking job coach murray ding assistant mike corning watching knights run ragged practice scrimmage turned impatiently tall sunburned youth shock straw colored hair stood looking working football squad accustomed associating large masses muscle stranger special shoulders feet wide arms longer hung knees slumped forward apologizing height coach ding look meet blue eyes partially concealed mop hair youth wearing faded overalls sizes small ankles hung bottoms ankles coach noted looked muscular lookin job stranger spoke heard hiring told ding demanded fellow knights sure says figured meant market hired hand kind job mind corning asked impulse laugh considering young size decided fellow stadium grass don plowing
junior impressed pretty neat let collect put rope took turns collecting pennies minnow won pay guys re big tell let park ivan mother won let permission ivan mother started block re going park haven ball minnow don need ball war ordinary thing whats junior heard minnow skipped lead junior ivan junior stoop climbed steps slid railing tiny bits steps stoop stamped coal hatch door clang houses stoops left block houses louise remodeled straight front left wide sidewalk stoops remained jutted sidewalk fortresses mountain ridges secret caves underneath stoop low walled yard steps
days lantern incident willy decision going ask allowed drop chinese school chinese schoolmates attended regular school hours celebrations vacation week spend late afternoons learning chinese characters studying chinese history literature didn spend hours chinese school playing fellows bronco stop calling sissy names going chinese school kind school bring subject tonight evening meal decision willy felt hands feet grow clammy cold fear grandfather sure perfectly furious meal nearly finished willy dared bring matter grandfather discussing business arrangement father willy father worked wholesale import export firm grandfather managed white cloud pagoda willy knew interrupt conversation finally grandfather hola decided ending discussion want talk willy voice quivered knew say going big trouble grandfather say say heart murmured grandfather reaching dish pork chinese cabbage
start grandfather typical stories description family conference city rams canton agreed send father willy grandfather country known america grandfather tell notice appeared teahouses stating workers needed laid railroad futhermore notices stated pay willy pay attention grandfather story knew grandfather wong thousands workers railway crossed america moments let words slide hearing suddenly attention caught words snow tunnel snow tunnel willy asked grandfather frowned severely young listen interrupt saying honored parent worked winter beneath frozen ground blizzard blizzard swept dreadful winter worked trying open burrowing gophers snow snow grew higher higher crews animals underground inside snow tunnels weeks lived labored ice cave seeing asked willy
sorry jessie baby joy jessica looked magazine stared mother point blank unwavering stare important saying didn matter joy wasn looking anyway joy looking glass standing register stocking feet warming cold ride home office cable car blond hair swung bent head partly covering face heat register short skirt stand dancer tutu standing foot tucked looked dancer fashion model movie star fact according looked exactly star sexy blond swedish actress played pictures english jessica couldn say movies kind young things guess looking joy suspect overworked underpaid secretary instance apt guess jessica mother believed joy didn look mother jessica believe believe mother jessica thought stared joy
cave jessica play stupid games anymore quiet place read reading thing left friendship brandon games acted stories books jessica read learn parts developed habit habit reading thing considering anymore reading spot natural stone shelf padded blankets mouth cave look straggly bushes regency apartment house directly leaning forward rear windows apartments main building shingled roof small story wing mrs fortune lived jessica sat looking windows imagining inside wondering kinds things happen someday stories future regency rich famous purchased block owner regency tell posts fired told mrs fortune stay rid cats told evicted brandon guilty noise pollution
reason break habit night course read happened thing kitten certainly reason asleep feeding wouldn decide jessica turned lights settled sleep set alarm mrs fortune suggested wake wouldn didn care kitten dead morning problem solved exactly hours later jessica found suddenly wide awake staring darkness luminous hands clock thought heard maybe joy arriving home waited listened hearing familiar sounds clicking high heels doors opening closing sound closing eyes energy listen jessica began hear breath soft sound movement heard cave couldn possibly hear cat moving sure obviously couldn kind picture forming tightly closed eyelids saw face triangular gray blind eyes
stop pretending stop acting ordinary cat heard heard say yard worm stopped washing face remained blank innocently stared jessica eyes pupils dim light bedroom grown enormous black holes scared post jessica excitedly bugged eyes pitched voice knew knew going happen laughed impersonation telling frank told fussing robbers murderers making put double locks laughs saying told loud sharp knock door jessica jumped feet startled immediately apprehensive wrong glaring worm help fault staring empty black holes rimmed gold jessica hissed ran unlock door mrs post redder face puffing making favorite chair stood heaving glaring jessica felt getting tense frightened ominously quiet voice mrs post jessica lie
scaring mrs post jessica stopped library home school discovered book lost night found worm replaced librarian jessica book ordered copy arrived don understand librarian plenty interested salem witch trials material guess jessica witches thought read stuff witches librarian smiled popular subject lately witches ghosts kinds magic real fad nearly shelves jessica took books faded covers pages small dark print wait start reading surely pages answers questions questions answers wait jessica home discovered mrs post told mrs post called joy asked home early important conference jessica refused phone hung leaving joy imagine sorts horrible things
jessica knew joy mrs post course jessica believed joy tell mrs post stop sticking nose business expected joy actually jessica expected joy exactly opposite promised worst part joy obviously planning weeks mentioning jessica friday morning week christmas vacation course joy tried pretend asking jessica obvious arranged definitely carefully arranged joy leave morning living room jessica reading morning paper baby joy began say important mention thinking going trip weekend perched arm jessica chair smiled phony cheerfulness jessica sat gripping arms chair pushing forcing wait heard rest knew angry joy chattered alan asked spend weekend parents home northern part
joy jessica room locked door began read skimmed quickly chapters read remembered parts especially ann twelve girl famous book jessica read things didn remember familiar strange places suddenly familiar seen part book told ann tormented demons demons witches accused witches trials community afterward ann pitied honored feared part jessica read part witches condemned die women young girl jessica final chapter told august later pale sickly ann young woman stood community confessed demons tormented unhappy childhood accused executed jessica sat staring page book eyes wide longer saw printed words book face crumple pain head shake slowly side side
ten clock jessica lifted head arms looked bathroom washed face cold water apartment stairs downstairs hall directly door mrs fortune apartment knew mrs fortune bed knocked loudly immediately heard inside apartment sound movement moment later door opened mrs fortune ready bed strange knowing things expecting jessica arrival leading jessica living room comment surprise sitting couch mrs fortune living room jessica stared hands clutching lap times raised head tried begin failed mrs fortune jessica help yes jessica voice recognized help rid worm rid rid worm mrs fortune won believe jessica strange tense voice guess cat demon talks tells terrible things
worm dashed past joy hallway jessica jumped feet wail ran halfway flight joy recovered start shouting jessica going jessica flight thudding feet blending drum roll thunder drowned rest completely ahead saw worm reach ground floor pause moment looking turned front hall street entrance jessica thinking ah cat door trapped heard shout heavy metallic clatter rounded corner foot stairs brandon standing open doorway bicycle floor feet trying hold door open torrent wind rain pick bicycle hall jessica dashed door bracing managed push wind brandon untangle bicycle pull inside cat brandon asked soon closing door shut roar wind trying bicycle saw coming tried grab drop bicycle fall jessica asked opening door peer blinding rain
praying mantis sight resting getting ready attack prey mantis folds front legs praying known species kinds mantises mantises green brown gray species brightly colored mantis predator animal lives feeding animal predator eats sorts insects including harmful garden insects chew plants female mantis lays eggs cocoon cocoon foam material flows female body hardens shapes female produces cocoons attaches stone twig leaf single cocoon hold eggs mantis eggs spend winter cocoon hatch spring takes mantis months develop fully adults predatory insects live months mantis invisible enemies prey praying mantises look green brown leaves look flowers mantis animal interesting insects confuse salamanders lizards lizards dry scaly skins salamanders wet smooth skins lizards claws salamanders smallest salamanders centimeters
want pound nail board hammer want eat soup bowl spoon hammers spoons tools animals tools shrike bird tool catch prey prey word describe animal hunted caught food shrike tools sharp pointed thorns found trees bushes shrike catches meal insect mouse small bird sticking prey thorn shrike sharp bill beak tear prey small bite sized bits africa chimpanzees grass stems tree twigs tools chimp pokes stems twigs termite holes feels termite biting end twig chimp pulls twig termite let twig chimp tasty insect eat california sea otter feeds shellfish otter hungry dives bottom sea soon comes surface shellfish rock floating sea otter places shellfish chest holding rock paw sea otter smashes open shell eats fish inside hear sound horned owl called hoot owl horned owl largest owl north america
fierce grizzly bear danger lives early settlers mountains western united states huge animal stole food took lives cows horses reasons settlers war grizzly grizzly bear killed western states today worried grizzly bear extinct bear disappear completely earth today live national parks alaska canada northern rocky mountains sure bears extinct scientists need learn grizzly track follow bear trail scientists trap grizzly inject bear special medicine sleepy bear asleep special collar put neck collar kind radio makes noise scientists radio receiver picks beeps bear wakes returns woods scientists trail safely plane truck method tracking bear helped scientists learn lot grizzly lives hope knowledge help save grizzly extinction animals able sense earthquake happens china information collected animal behavior animals act earthquakes
scientists past comes clues fossils fossils remains ancient plant animal found buried kind fossil tracks ancient animal fossil formed millions ago animal left footprints tracks damp soil soon tracks buried mud covered water earth compressed squeezed layers mud rock hardened animal tracks seen millions fossil tracks found accident searched areas sandstone compressed rocks searchers found kinds fossils include prints million ferns tracks left worms birds dinosaurs africa dr mary leakey rare discovery thin layer soil scientist found million fossil tracks ancestors humans tracks looked yesterday size tennis balls pea sized smaller deep sea nodules small lump mineral mixture minerals nodules found ocean floor metals examples metals copper iron gold nodules lie depths kilometers
footprints astronauts left remain unchanged moon rocks brought changed thinking moon thought moon scientists believe existed rock samples brought astronauts showed signs rock samples show rocks found moon materials found earth basalt hard dark volcanic rock found earth found moon earth basalt rock found places volcanic ocean islands basalt rock formed lava volcano cools hardens basalt rocks moon lava hardened rock earth basalt formed active volcanoes moon basalt rocks formed billion ago fact youngest basalt rocks brought astronauts billion saturn ringed planet interesting bodies solar system jupiter size saturn times size earth sixth planet sun times farther sun earth saturn receives small amount sun heat light earth revolves circles sun
texas panhandle oklahoma kansas stretches famous runway called tornado alley early march late twisters strike area kansas believe tornado swept dorothy land oz living tornado alley area alert twister predictions predictions forecasts warn ahead shelter tornado hits dangerous storms begin gulf mexico supplies warm moist air mountains west send cold dry air meeting air masses sets thunderstorm conditions brews tornado predicting tornado strike difficult satellite photos radar helpful making predictions tornadoes occur area predicted sight tornado fool path narrow winds funnel shaped spin kilometers hour tip skip ground touching victim tornadoes stick march schedule strike tornado alley twister hit worcester massachusetts july wyoming saw tornado tornado difficult pin wizard oz kind storm begins warm ocean waters kilometers wide winds spiral upward smoke chimney
electricity source energy produce electricity source place thing comes common sources energy coal percent electricity united states generated coal coal fuel fuels substances burned produce energy coal found united states percent oil united states imported brought countries oil produce percent electricity united states source energy natural gas produce percent electricity united states fuel imported energy sources instance united states supply nuclear power water power energy produce percent electricity united states sources energy developed geothermal energy kind steam energy comes earth oil shale usable source energy solar energy sun power considered promising energy source muscle power kind energy produced humans animals centuries labor ago human muscles slowly animal power began replacing human labor
mccoy born canada son runaway slaves kentucky young traveled scotland learn mechanical engineer return united states lived michigan began number inventions mccoy large factory machinery stopped order oiled oil put moving parts machine oil machine run smoothly helped prevent moving parts wearing breaking factory owners wanted machines running mccoy solved problem mccoy invented special oil drip cup unnecessary stop machines oiling oil cup released oil drop drop moving parts machines machines run stopping mccoy invention factories invention locomotives canadian northwestern railroads steamships crossed lakes mccoy received patents inventions inventions included ironing table lawn sprinkler scaffold support discover lives log tour cave ride bike generates electricity pet rabbit snake sized animal footprint home things children museum indianapolis indiana visitors things natural science hall
astronauts fly space live periods spaceships walk moon float space complete hundreds experiments try find things behave acted force gravity weightless try find universe began works astronauts happens television sets hear astronauts speak space read space program astronauts exciting jobs astronauts pilots highly trained scientists able experiments space aerospace technology big field careers needed space program research test pilots design test fly space vehicles jobs difficult lot education skill athletic ability scientists kinds aerospace program biologists study effects space forms dietitians learn prepare kinds food astronauts healthy space physical therapists exercise programs astronauts need bodies muscles strong space psychologists ways astronauts minds healthy tiny confined area spacecraft meteorologists study weather important part aerospace industry
tom friend joe walked boy tom feels left hurt thinks won show feel won tell feel think hide feelings talk ideas compare page think hiding emotions think hiding unpleasant certainly want hide pleasant feel parents friends show unpleasant pleasant feelings problems times suppose bullying small child suppose mistreating animal natural show upset times speak say stop teasing let animal speaking helps feel let look tom problem feels treated unfairly left natural upset tom look misunderstanding friends friends tom friend joe intended hurt feelings hurt feelings don soon help talk things tom talk family talk teacher friend talking feels feel maybe person helpful suggestion think tom feeling sorry ida angry
rose upset thinks friends don want quarreled sister supper mind homework think help person wrong talk ideas compare page ways deal upset feelings ways feelings bothersome times helps try think thinking feel difficult times want admit caused feelings help discover easier deal suppose feel leaving things want cross quarrelsome say mean things stay wait friendly helps friendly moves ask play look friends group think friendly look notice left person happy friend frequently feel quarrelsome stop think ask want try giving give times likely times
thing roberto accept fact moved home start look things home roberto knows important family stay think helping parent brings place live roberto remember move millions boys girls move find weeks difficult period school roberto help making friendly moves staying try join conversation game needs help ask willing show newcomer things course things roberto group school help groups appoint special friend person stays newcomer week special friend sees newcomer left lunchtime playground groups welcoming committee committee members talk newcomer find share information special group meeting introduce newcomer group help newcomer feel welcome help wrong
foods chemicals chemicals taste smell things senses taste smell called chemical senses let happens smell flower flower chemicals chemicals breaking form gases gases mix gases air nose chemicals dissolve moist lining nose reach nerve endings smelling cells cells upper part nose nerve endings join large olfactory nerve nerve carries message smelling center side brain brain interprets smelling picture find smelling cells olfactory nerve page individuals react differently things taste differ react things smell flowers smell fragrant smell flower smelling cells nose odor nerve cells stop sending messages odor think dangerous sensations skin sense touch skin sense special skin senses touch pressure heat cold pain nerve endings touch pressure responsible helping things rough smooth hard soft
senses important help nerves carry messages brain senses brain brain tells messages mean brain receives messages brought sensory nerves brain interprets messages decides action needed brain sends messages muscles motor nerves muscles move instructed brain reached full size continue grow slowly twenty grow learning brain full size brain weigh kilogram smart small average sized large brains brain look soft spongy mass tissue protected bones head skull skull brain softer covers membranes picture left membranes fluid outer membrane covers membranes brain main parts cerebrum cerebellum brain stem lowest part brain stem medulla oblongata connected spinal cord part brain connected nerves parts
epidermis outer part skin layers skin cells epidermis helps germs body suppose look skin hand magnifying glass folds creases skin notice folds smooth close hand tightly folds skin stretch easily move folds catching places dirt reason need wash looking skin magnifying glass hair pits pits tiny hairs growing oil comes pits oil glands oil helps skin soft smooth prevents cracking skin oil helps water soaking skin look picture find tiny hairs oil glands things magnifying glass show live growing skin cells lower part epidermis making cells skin makes millions cells daily millions cells pushed upward die dead skin cells changed dry flaky material dead cells topmost layer skin feel rub dead cells wash
skull bones include cranium bones enclose brain cranium bones flat bones firmly held upper part cranium hard thick protects brain injury skull includes bones face skull found eye sockets form safe pocket eyes bones skull moving bone jawbone jawbone moves sideways chew talk sing let backbone spine designed special backbone fastened skull end end backbone strong muscles helps hold erect backbone bones vertebrae spine lets bend twist picture page pads cartilage elasticlike material vertebrae pads act shock absorbers walk run jump pads cushion bones pads bones bumping bones end spine bones called sacrum coccyx vertebrae fused ribs breastbone front spinal column form kind cage picture left ribs joined move breathing makes chest cavity larger smaller breathe
baby bones elasticlike cartilage calcium mineral matter bones grew older bones began grow larger stronger important minerals calcium phosphorus needed bones took minerals digested food carried blood needed minerals found fruits vegetables found milk bones growing especially need balanced diet includes milk foods food groups takes food groups amounts healthy strong build strong bones bone cells plenty vitamins vitamin found citrus fruits berries tomatoes leafy vegetables vitamin comes cod liver oil fish egg yolks vitamin fatlike substance skin happens skin exposed ultraviolet rays sun grow older bones grow thicker cover bones forms hard bone cells bones growing length picture help understand happens find part called growth plate growth plate soft cartilage growth plate separated end bone continue grow place growth plate growth ends bones fastened shafts growth plate
muscles cover skeleton called skeletal muscles flesh body skeletal muscles fat skeletal muscles round body give shape pictures pages skeletal muscles allow bones move help hold bones place body held straight skeletal muscles things squeezing blood veins help return heart skeletal muscles action help part body heat skeletal muscles sizes shapes muscles face small thin involved chewing closing eyes muscles help facial expressions look facial muscles shown put facial muscles action things smile frown wink laugh yawn close eyes feel facial muscles trunk part body shoulders top legs trunk body muscles designed bony structure protects organs stomach liver front muscles trunk form wall protects organs large muscles help hold backbone straight front muscles bend twist find bones body find strong muscles
don strong gastric juices digest break walls stomach mucus mucus slippery substance protects stomach walls mucus helps food slide easily small intestine food ready leave stomach shortly meal takes hours food meal move stomach small intestine food material high fat remains longest stomach food partly digested stomach food material moves small intestine form thick liquid called chyme thick liquid squeezed stomach special muscles small intestine small intestine small bowel coiled tube straightened measured times height small intestine big called small kind intestine body type larger learn larger intestine later happens partly digested food moves small intestine digestive juices small intestine walls juice mixed food movements small intestine digestive juices pancreas liver juice liver called bile gall stored gall bladder
food digested broken small intestine pass walls happens undigested food pushed muscles small intestine large intestine large bowel large intestine wide tube half centimeters wider small intestine straightened tall undigested food partly liquid mass enters large intestine gradually water removed water goes walls large intestine blood vessels left things fruit skins outer parts grain seeds parts vegetables materials large intestine bacteria digestive juices large intestine begins fill solid waste material pushes walls muscles walls begin working muscles squeeze material opening end large intestine waste material ready pushed body bowel movement food eaten undigested food passed body hours large intestine rid solid wastes body produces liquid wastes kidneys urinary bladder help rid liquid wastes
learned digested food material carried blood parts body body food digested food nourishing materials called nutrients body needs nutrients body growth energy repair body tissues blood carries digested food body cells blood materials need digested food nutrients bigger stronger nutrients give body energy play food materials help body working health order stay healthy need kinds food eat horse times meals proper amounts nutrients body needs nutrients substances alive nutrients found foods grouped main kinds proteins minerals vitamins carbohydrates fats water nourished need eat foods nutrients amounts foods nutrient single food nutrients amounts need main groups foods try eat days need foods healthy
drinks whiskey gin vodka drug answered yes drug alcohol beer wine alcohol nearly alcohol drugs alcohol brings drink alcohol affects bodies affects emotions happens alcohol body working brain slows slows working rest body depends amount alcohol person drinks effects clearly show alcohol keeps person thinking clearly usual person clumsy person talking distinctly react differently amount alcohol case drugs person sure exactly alcohol affect alcohol affect person differently times behave ways drinking heavy drinking act silly foolish things quarrelsome sleepy alcohol factor accidents traffic accidents involve drivers pedestrians drinking alcoholic beverages estimated millions adults country alcoholic beverages form moderate users users drink small amounts alcoholic beverages wine special occasions
emphysema result damage air sacs lungs air sacs join large irregular stale air full carbon dioxide trapped lungs proper amounts fresh air oxygen body suffers breathing eventually difficult disease worsens chronic bronchitis disease caused worse cigarette smoking walls air tubes lungs inflamed excess mucus formed coughing bring mucus cigarette smoking heart overwork smoke blood vessels constrict smaller heart harder pump blood death rate coronary heart disease high smokers nonsmokers suggest smoking stopping smoking wonder smoke harms health smoke think pleasurable say relaxes adults began smoke ago harmful effects cigarette smoking known sure today millions cigarette smoking looked research decided stop find difficult stop smokers special clinics help try stop smoking important decision decided pleasure smoking worth risk health
story united states begins hundred ago earth yearly trip sun turned land america bright sunlight darkness space night hundred ago indians americans saw sun set evening bringing side earth side earth indians worlds vastly separated oceans true worlds told stories poems faraway places indians knew stories golden haired warriors hundred ago left written record journeys oceans faraway lands america indians knew hundred ago million ago plants animals lived north america scientists learn past digging buried layers rock earth tell dinosaurs large elephant animals called mammoths strange birds insects lived north america million ago ice age began ice age period glaciers pushed southward cover upper half north america alaska melted
older girls spent helping mothers weaving rubbing fat deerskin soft cooking mealtime helped women grind corn meal younger girls play played kickball ball deerskin stuffed corn husks villages eastern woodland indians buildings houses large small rounded roofs peaked roofs straight walls materials found forests slender tree trunks vines binding broad leaves grasses bark largest indian towns south growing season soil farming villages northern indians small houses moved lived hunting farming move hunting grounds village chief chief rule village met braves tribe soldiers important questions settled chiefs villages tribe journey meet chief tribe meeting council council chiefs decide war tribe hold festival gods tribe branch family tribes beginnings
living peaceful pueblo tribes language family apache navaho hunting tribes moved deal built winter houses timber earth settled hopi zuni lived canada alaska wandering tribes southwest lived hunting gathering food wild plants valued nuts pinion pine food dug roots picked berries found growing wild mountainous country roamed tribes warlike learned skills weaving pottery making pueblo neighbors spoke ute language tribes lived west rocky mountains hunted fished living gathered plants growing region california gathered acorns women acorns pounded meal acorns bitter taste women removing acid caused bitterness mixed meal water kind paste dough dug hole sandy earth lined hole dough poured hot water hole seeped dough took bitterness
john smith map guide pilgrims spent month exploring bay chose place marked plymouth john smith map pilgrims laid street divided lots building put common house twenty feet side storehouse shelter built homes pilgrims shelters jamestown huts poles bark replaced quickly homes lumber thatched roofs pilgrims suffered winter lack food illness mayflower stayed winter pilgrims rowed ship shore building homes shelters pilgrims sailors died spring family mullins entirely wiped daughter priscilla later marriage john alden famous poem written person poem captain miles standish soldier captain standish helpful plymouth pilgrims saw indians woods winter village spring pilgrims surprised indian boldly walking village fearless captain standish willing approach stranger shocked indian put hand shake hands welcome englishmen friend englishmen
paid attention religious beliefs carolinas religions live french huguenots forefathers tried hard begin colony area spanish holding florida fought tried land area georgia hundred settlement jamestown england able start colony named james oglethorpe brought group colonists georgia colonists jail pay money owed oglethorpe thought unfair asked king permission bring america king willing release prisoners help fight spanish land oglethorpe tried raise silkworms georgia colonists later began raise crops southern colonies mistake choice crops fighting spanish indians georgia start late slow maryland virginia north carolina south carolina georgia southern colonies land england southern colonies rapidly settled york jersey english colonies king gave jersey land officers navy army
southerners plantation owners plantation workers south money land start plantation indentured servants finished workers plantation owner worked towns south moved farther west plantation owners lived foothills appalachian mountains colonial days stood wall coastal colonies unexplored lands west mountains lived completely planters cleared small patches land grow needed feed built log cabins simple houses board family spent hunting meat family furs traded sugar salt gunpowder things grow lands virginia carolinas colonies especially pennsylvania restless kind scotch irish satisfied staying clearings neighborhood began fill moving pushing westward middle colonies york jersey pennsylvania delaware north ways south
number trees endless pioneers wasted burned wood land cleared early settlers needed small patch cleared land corn garden vegetables grew took living woods deer brought frontier hunter gave family deerskin clothing fresh meat dried meat called jerky bears provided fur robes fine meat cooking fat wild turkey quail squirrel rabbit helped fill meat supply beaver meat tail fur valuable traded nearest post iron tools lead bullets coffee settlers found sugar wooded surroundings sugar maple trees wild bees left honey hollow trees fish streams added food children learned watch greens spring wild grapes berries summer passed settlers moved frontier lands woods provided settlers look farming living land cleared plants brought east mothers brought cuttings lilacs flower seeds homes brought fruit tree cuttings orchards begun young fruit trees grown frontier named john chapman
important needs united states build trade nations meant american sailing ships carry goods oceans mainly europe england needed strong navy hold powerful napoleon strong navy needs sailors willing ships captured forced ship called impressment seamen american impressed english navy english sailors escaped ships looked american ships american sea captains hired english ship fired american ship chesapeake english sailors board working members american ship crew president jefferson felt english punished knew english factories greatly needed american cotton american grain tobacco wanted european countries england decided punish england stopping trade ordered american ships stay foreign ports called embargo act able trade countries caused american businessmen english lose money jefferson saw lifted embargo countries england england angry english american ships attacked sea indians restless white settlers pushed farther farther especially northwest territory
texas americans decided break mexico independent mexican general santa anna marched texas army san antonio mission fortress called alamo hundred eighty americans met santa anna alamo american killed including famous frontiersmen davy crockett jim bowie looked texas bow santa anna swept land meeting army strong stop finally texas army surprised slept defeated republic texas formed sam houston led surprise attack texas president texas lone star republic flag united states star field blue lone star republic lasted texas entered union twenty eighth ownership oregon country uncertain americans live american settlement west rockies oregon astoria mouth columbia river john jacob astor fur trader built trading post marcus whitman wife difficult journey oregon opened mission wagon train settlers arrived live mission american settlers lived oregon question owned oregon finally settled
railroad builders homesteaders cattlemen plains plains indians pushed farther west settlers eastern frontiers watched white took hunting grounds herds buffalo meant living plains indians grew smaller animals hunted killed food sport dying grassland feeding grounds ranches farms settlers eastern indians western chiefs called braves try win lands anger spread tribe tribe soon riding white war states indian attacks worse soldiers fought war west forts built government bought fur trading posts house troops indians killed died fighting killed sicknesses europeans brought america village camp completely wiped sickness middle gold rush black hills south dakota united states government signed treaty sioux tribes area agreed area indians
young alexander graham bell united states centennial exposition born scotland father teacher deaf bell helped father studied workings human voice later interested combining knowledge voice electricity bell family moved canada alexander graham bell moved boston teacher school deaf night carried experiments human voice electricity bell ready test invention telephone months exposition opened partner thomas watson ran wires rooms building bell mouthpiece room watson receiver march bell spilled acid skin clothing watson bell called want watson heard bell voice clearly receiver months bell watson succeeded building telephone voices carried wire telephone display exposition june scientists telephone advance communication august telephones distance call york chicago helped improve telephone thomas alva edison
united states beginning hundred steamships replaced sailing vessels oceans problem faced explorers troubled sailed oceans ship atlantic ocean pacific ocean going tip south america dreamed digging canal connect oceans canal save thousand miles ships place build canal narrowest strip land north america south america united states england studied problem france took action france began cutting canal panama country central america project turned problems french government expected money set soon france gave idea soon begun congress gave president theodore roosevelt permission buy french property panama panama part colombia south america united states columbia signed treaty gave united states control strip land ten miles wide canal zone agreed countries allowed send ships canal ships pay fee canal
ago colonists fighting independence english sea captain making important voyage captain james cook purpose settle question sea route north america found route cook voyage bring hawaii alaska forty ninth fiftieth states earlier european ships stopped hawaiian islands cook called discoverer russian fur traders entered alaska forty cook arrived cook visited alaska saw indians lived houses sod grasses built skin canoes called kayaks moving skillfully kayaks aleuts harpoons poisoned spears hunt seal whale cook seen number russian fur traders russian hunters going alaska small settlement kodiak island russians pushed claim alaska opening chain fur trading posts coast reached south nearly san francisco bay russians took thousands thousands furs part north america united states secretary seward received russia offer sell land fur business ended remember war states
regular territory united states territory virgin islands located waters caribbean sea blend atlantic ocean group virgin islands belongs united states western half includes st croix st john st thomas smaller islands american rest english united states seeing islands protective base bought denmark congress gave citizenship rights christopher columbus discovered virgin islands spain england holland denmark interested owning settling islands changed hands number times english language generally slaves brought islands sugar cane plantations today thirds citizens islands slave beginnings growing sugar cane grown export cattle raised beef tropical fruits grown income rum chief manufactured product taxes collected exported rum paid cost islands pay upkeep tourist industry important virgin islands fine hotels restaurants built visitors beaches swimming excellent fishing tourists visit coves pirate ships hid castles built pirates stopped
government simple pioneer days today part network government community governments give safe healthy place live help control federal government charts page help understand federal government country vote able help choose charge network government want part seeing chosen office citizen rights countries help laws help change duty obey laws laws wanted largest number vote modern transportation communication tied states country brought nations closer touch thing telegraph cable stretched atlantic cable laid deep ocean crews ships carried spools cable laying cable tried times cable broken
bull danny trailing traveled slowly mile danny mounted knob bull apparently stopped looked ahead tracks feet point bull run danny raised thirty thirty carbine shoulder slipped safety forward walked slowly quietly knew bull scented majesty started run forty feet farther tracks monster bear emerged beeches joined bull danny knelt laid spread hand bear paw mark imprinted track longer wider hand majesty danny rose skulked careful break twig rustle leaf noise reveal coming hundred times stalked bear legend shot awaited hundred feet ahead danny saw looking bull lay forest glade head twisted grotesquely body lifeless thrust crookedly upward danny stood peering trees sign monster bear won victory human beings eternally war saw wind rustled trees dead bull bear customary cunning put safe distance dangerous rifle danny held hands
childhood sister grounded dislike friends birds hate ten eleven exiled considered unfeeling family loathsome girls camps indian lore rife management puts neatly lettered signs reminding clients sports moment eileen arrived dismal camp hi wah bad sports liked refused bed bugle blew morning fought scrubbing teeth public music avoided deed complained loudly food terrible bought chalk wrote recreation cabin hate camp hi wah wonderful scandal unfortunately immediately accused crime campers loved dear camp hi wah shows kind weeks eileen camp hi wah sat cabin grinding teeth counselor writing letters distant relatives letters say real masterpieces double dealing heartless chicanery childish hoped appealing scrawl explained aunt mary cousin joe murphy fun dear camp hi wah making indian pocketbooks simply pocketbook dear aunt mary wrote leather costs small pocketbook large size pocketbook nicer carry things rawhide sew exactly indians costs cents
center europe austrian alps small village perched altitude thousand feet mountain slopes village north peaks rise thousand feet blocking rest village tranquil ninety houses lying remote modern civilization twelve mile valley village bypassed enthusiastic skiers fact strangers journey winding narrow road link village communication neighboring villages infrequent villagers farmers independent industrious curious rest villagers bypassed forgotten areas slow change suspicious strangers cooperative boy eyed father temporarily laborer girl housekeeper produces warm sentiment cattle cattle number determines status income livelihood flowers grow blue summer sky dance tinkle cooling glass beer inn things remember winter villagers worry added lot annual threat
french philosopher jean jacques rousseau lived centuries ago observations sound written morning instance cities sink human race twentieth century critics cities saying thing clogged traffic put honking traffic jams airborne grime smudges whiter white washday linens dry clothes automatic dryer clang clatter crunch ears night ear plugs care present masses breathing neck places solitude living room merely bursting seams schools accommodate shifts start classes early morning dew playground education despite hardships add conditions begin wonder don virtually impossible lead pleasant modern city maybe critics suggest american cities course extreme unrealistic conclusion beginning wonder twentieth century problems urban living looming faster solving president johnson put succinctly told reporter tough problems president things worse mayor big cities
north west south hunting ground forbidden east forbidden dead places search metal touches metal priest son priest afterward metal purified rules laws forbidden cross river look place place gods strictly forbidden say spirits live demons ashes burning things forbidden forbidden beginning father priest son priest dead places father afraid father house search metal stood door heart felt small weak dead house spirit house smell bones corner fitting priest son show fear looked bones voice father metal strong piece looked eyes run
predicting business predicting future hopeless task ridicule begin scorn end writing science fiction quarter century myth arisen private spyglass future predict actual future suppose condition certainly exist future try analyze consequences decide condition future look conditions prevail today billion planet leading nations population figures roughly million china million ussr million united states situation generation say assuming avoid thermonuclear war virtually population increased fifty percent let cases everyday america lived light population explosion obvious consequence overwhelming appreciation necessity conserving planet resources idealism sheer love air inexhaustible instance clean problem polluted air unthinkable dump untreated smoke exhaust atmosphere
wind blew past hot faces machine stopped nineteen hundred twenty janet boys looked past fields stirred remember re observe behavior ancient inquisitive intelligent observe yes girl boys crisp khaki uniforms wore identical haircuts identical wristwatches sandals coloring hair eyes teeth skin related shh fields looked illinois town spring cool mist lay early morning streets street small boy running light marble cream moon clock struck leaving tennis shoe prints softly quiet lawns boy stepped invisible machine cried high dark house window house window opened boy crept roof ground boys ran banana filled mouths dark cold morning follow whispered fields study patterns quick janet william robert ran cold pavements spring visible slumbering town park lights flickered doors clicked children rushed gasping pairs hill gleaming blue tracks comes children milled dawn shining tracks small light grew seconds later steaming thunder
treat father took office happen saturday morning school felt important grown days office sure leaving house mother brothers respectfully seeing rainy father prepare rough weather wearing derby hat black rubber mackintosh usual tailed coat seldom informal wear sack suit town warm days left york country summer sun wore silk hat carried cane friends passed street raised canes touched brims hats formal salute admired rich splendid gesture wished imitate young cane soberly dressed pepper salt sack suit short pants usual broad flat white eton collar boys wore eighties collar started stiff immaculate morning dinnertime black laced buttoned shoes black stockings wore brown country summer saturdays sunny father put derby
father talking dog educational boy reason cat father talks lot anyway maybe lawyer habit small guy gray curly hair maybe thinks roar lot big hairy tough guy mom thin quiet upsets asthma apartment live middle york city don heavy drapes rugs mom fries food doctors figure dust smoke asthma worse don think dust pop roaring big hassle led getting cat earned extra money baby sitting boy corner park spent money record record piece father telling son birds bees think funny pop blows stack re going play stuff house roars outdoors anyway baby sitting baby talk records age money newspaper delivery route dog jeff ten miles chasing rabbits saturday pop say patiently rabbits avenue honest don fresh pop jerks plug record player hard needle skips wrecks record
boy walked miles woods schoolhouse father twenty rifle hide hollow tree schoolhouse home evening evening coming school ran community uprising house cow mad bawling lonesome bawls twisting young apple trees ground horns community demanding dog ranger shot ranger fought killed mad dog bit cow wanted wouldn safe put ranger stable place penned danger period neighbors children slip feed cracks bit wanted volunteer joe woods home told want shoot ranger saw kids keeping close dog pulled dollar bill pocket give dollar
round faced beaming young african look perpetual wonder lighting eager brown eyes ago determined win college degree united states young set foot thatched hut village nyasaland british protectorate federated rhodesia clothes handfuls flour bible cherished copy pilgrim progress walked worked twenty hundred miles african continent found half valley college mount vernon washington declarative voice hope lead poorest families god created told rapid fire english tinged soft scottish burr picked presbyterian mission teachers determined educated determined don prevail save death spent boyhood helping till tiny patch maize millet peanuts forked stick eventually began trudge sixteen miles daily mission school completing elementary education opportunity attend mission high school exceptionally school boy coined english sounding school devoured tales abraham lincoln booker washington slavery stories america
persons understand theories nearly knows albert einstein famed theoretical physicist relativity household word popular heroes twentieth century lived england government insisted scotland yard guard america worshiped movie star wild white hair smile pipe violin familiar millions albert einstein personification science dr einstein genius clearly recognized fellow scientists ranked universe builders history experts call thirty page paper suggested theory important document century impossible explain einstein theory relativity ordinary readers understand say einstein regarded fourth dimension theory mathematical origin embraces space gravitation matter energy bertrand russell describes greatest synthesis human intellect present albert einstein revolutionized thinking born germany march parents hermann pauline koch einstein jews jewish rites observed household albert aware jewish albert family moved munich hermann einstein opened business dealing electrical materials family prospered albert boyhood modest ease luxury black cloud horizon
meeting island nantucket tall young shock wavy hair rose say words slavery shaking stage fright addressed white audience talked childhood youth slave words tumbling listeners sat edges seats blew noses openly wept silence speech abolitionist william lloyd garrison stepped forward listening thing piece property asked hundred voices shouted held slave republican christian land slavery audience roared walls building bulge women present remembered afternoon nantucket island lives think hated slavery intensely garrison stood physical proportions stature commanding intellect richly endowed natural eloquence prodigy fugitive slave trembling safety roll call runaways frederick douglass boy working servant baltimore kind mistress taught letters alphabet taught husband ripped book hand stormed learning spoil negro
fall william porter sixteen war left lines face days discharge chicago alton railroad riding tops trains setting hand brakes swaying roofs boxcars coaches watched prairie roll past sunlight starlight chicago st louis late april ordered chicago special duty chicago lake front porter joined special train baggage car coaches draped black coaches carried york military company dress uniform final car occupied official party car heavily draped mourning side appeared presidential seal stood rigid sentries wearing black car raised dais rested small coffin body twelve willie lincoln died washington buried father springfield room dais larger coffin chicago courthouse endless stream passed night solemn twelve journey washington train seen millions silent dozen cities hushed crowds filed president coffin journeyed drenching rains order pay respects assassinated president
friends fellow citizens story presence soon easily told district columbia express grateful sense vast high preeminent services rendered race country abraham lincoln presence members american house representatives presence american senate presence supreme court chief justice united states presence president united states members cabinet colored unveiled dedicated monument line feature read exalted character works abraham lincoln martyr president united states fellow citizens today say arrogance assumption claim superior devotion character history memory monument dedicated today fully comprehend relation abraham lincoln white united states truth proper beautiful times places proper beautiful speaking public likely commended honor imitation departure admitted truth compels admit abraham lincoln fullest sense word model
groups need rules land order freedom colonists freedom face hard problems solving worked agree manage colony colonists needed government laws protect help colony formed government government england soon colonies governor appointed chosen english king assembly chosen english governors english taxes english laws fair colonies land free able laws say taxes excitement ran high fighting broke soldiers king stationed learned thing found neighbors things wanted safety order peace learned colony colonies colonies operate gain wanted demanded freedom unjust laws taxes england tried force
leander younger brother jason walking athens crowded market place home school clisto slave carrying wooden tablets leander lyre rose hill acropolis temples statues rays setting sun lighted huge metal statue athena goddess wisdom favorite goddess athens glittered brightly point spear side square stretched covered porches athens gathered talk leander liked linger group hear looked forward part discussions scarcely saw talkers thoughts busy glow heart thrown discus heavy plate spinning straight master praised grace movement leander wanted strong skillful spear discus course wanted graceful moved real greek athlete graceful athletics build bodies strong beautiful break records thought leander allowed enter games athens knows bright dream rose mind dream field thousands watchers crowding hillside father olympic games leander imagination crowds excitement food sellers
birthday paulus flaccus paulus seventeen felt breathless excitement today put toga robe grown wore family holiday marcus flaccus father paulus senator important rome fellow citizens pay honor son relatives married brothers paulus families uncles cousins nearby towns household guests gathered early pleasant open court center house covered porch court slaves moved quietly quickly hearth sacred fire waved slender yellow ribbons paulus stood father presently senator lifted hand talking hushed flames pieces bread poured oil slender vase offerings lares protecting spirits home deep quiet voice sounded morning prayer blest days give especial thanks end prayer stopped speaking laid hand shoulder paulus paulus took step forward slim tall wearing tunic straight knee length garment worn bare arms carried tunic worn yesterday leaning laid hearth
fall rome strong central government western europe emperors constantinople control barbarian tribes eastern europe control west western europe united roman emperors fell smaller regions ruled strongest barbarian chiefs thing western europe finally common thing christian religion christianity spread feudal kings nobles serfs held loyalty faith church pope nobles respect church rome obeyed pope bishops expect rude fighting church called catholic church word catholic means belonging church ways government western europe pope leader church barbarians crowded roman empire romans disturbed disorder fighting wanted peaceful ways god fellow benedict started order society called monks rules monks lived group buildings known monastery solemn promise vow marry obey question
italy led surprising italy interest art learning dark ages italy interested literature art romans fifteenth century venice genoa cities northern italy centers trade cities lived rich noblemen famous noble families medici family florence northern italy built handsome houses stately gardens city brilliant center art wealthy plenty enjoy pictures books money buy encouraged learned studied writings art greeks romans hired artists spend making beautiful things homes gave artists sums paint portraits hired beautiful pictures walls ceilings palaces public buildings parts europe interested art learning interest spread europe thousands eager students traveled italy study young artists flocked cities northern italy study paintings artists mixing colors helping parts pictures brought ideas countries awakening birth civilization
europe freedom rulers gave commands obeyed collected taxes money wanted hard pay countries serfs worked lands belonged lords money serfs began slowly freedom paid sum money lord longer hard save money payment serf free pay rent land money produced poor hungry miserable europe towns important growth freedom remember guilds taught operate making enforcing rules guild members chance practice operation governing towns laws chose officials important towns helped growth freedom towns deal breaking feudal system early feudal europe important classes nobles serfs towns grew larger busier townspeople important gradually formed class merchants guild leaders content privileges received town charters
pierre martin thrilled tony motor scooter wanted examine try italian scooter tony italian letter introduction pierre father paris banker martin invited visit pierre looked twenty tony envy travelled asked nearly thousand miles tony switzerland north germany side trips belgium netherlands paris pierre father mother joined questions tony spoke french enjoy telling adventures found interesting asked mrs martin newness things tony construction home bridges highways especially tall modern stores apartment buildings germany belgian cities rotterdam western europe true martin paris building fifty spirit encouraged trade booming effect due common market hear tony father automobile manufacturing says business told talk storekeepers ask business speak common market
boot shaped peninsula italy mountainous trace wall alps north apennine range peninsula farming important single occupation lowland farming land look lowlands italy landform map pages largest lowland italy main divisions northern central southern part parts mountains climate help difference northern italy wide lowland valley po river italy finest farming land valley farms large modern farm machinery deep fertile soil silt brought rivers fine wheat corn grown large quantities moderate rains fall irrigation needed streams mountains supply plenty water coast land flat rivers built wide swampy deltas land rice grows wet soil swamps drained turned fertile fields grow potatoes tomatoes corn vegetables alps source riches italy ways meadows slopes provide summer grazing herds cattle forests supply lumber building manufacturing streams furnish hydroelectric power industry population map page shows italy densely populated countries europe italy industries provide living
karl believe sitting pilothouse siren chugging rhine wanted karl lived village switzerland city basel karl uncle factory basel dyes interesting place visit karl liked river front basel liked boats puffing docks steamed importantly longed ride rhine river uncle told arrange al braun river letter basel week friday rhine al trip days school karl talked teacher yes teacher riding geography give map write bring report class pilothouse siren front boat hold storehouse ship full boxes packages cheese chocolate dyes fertilizer going river northern cities pilothouse box windows sides
peninsula asia minor points europe fat finger touches balkan peninsula narrow straits bosporus dardanelles body water known sea marmara finger land europe asia today country turkey study map page turkey lies partly continent asia covers asia minor armenian highlands westward black sea eastern mediterranean europe turkey reaches narrow straits takes famous city constantinople capital eastern roman empire modern constantinople istanbul istanbul busy beautiful port city largest city turkey istanbul city merchants travelers country city ways rest turkey real turkey find asia minor peninsula asia minor narrow plain broken mountains extending coast coastal valleys fertile regions turkey regions summer rains center peninsula plateau cupped rim mountains summer plateau hot dry land winters bitter cold rough bleak land turkish tribes plains turkestan find region map page southern part
thing mind reading story region ask going rest read story europe west reading story asia links join stories links help remember going places links alexander marched high mountain passes valley indus alexander buddha died asoka ruled stay remember greek civilization alexander mountains groups greek colonists traders settled greek art ideas india important travel routes opened india lands mediterranean travelers west visit east wrote accounts splendor indian rajahs courts south india land dark dravidian industrious wove beautiful silk cotton cloth hunted elephants forests ivory tusks mined precious stones gathered spices ships coast direction roman empire reached recall red sea roman sea captains found ships reach ports southern india
chung yen finished dinner looked wife tomorrow guests ho chen son hong kong ho asked mrs chung twelve ling leaned forward listen chung family guests ho chen father farmer province things tell left impossible china ho bad chung ling helped mother prepare guests china servants cooking mrs chung sighed prepared vegetables ling sad excited happy washed bean sprouts learned sauce fish dinner guests enjoy ho smiled bowed brought warm food filled teacup pork cooked red soy sauce golden cakes bean curd covered leeks bean sprout soup fish rice fresh sweet pineapple ling watched ho chen son ho shu older sixteen pale thin looks food thought ling pushed big bowl fish rice nearer filled teacup meal finished ling carried dishes talking mother boy sat listening
tell ahmed father henri bring ahmed france visit cartier large city country cartier setting projector show slide pictures family neighbors engineer supervisor busy oil center desert algeria hard dry heat desert cartier home france rest months times interesting things tell think ready turning light adjusting picture lighted screen nearby oasis town screen tall palm trees rows casting shade pictures mud walled square buildings narrow streets wide baggy trousers flowing robes women carrying baskets heads children dogs ahmed henri cartier pointing tall lad attracted attention enjoyed talking going school belonged family nomads wandering herdsmen school asked henri asked nomads let sons school remained oasis help care date palms family
jomo asked goes house listen talking box answered wife listens radio father jomo finished mission school wants city things farm says women son earns plenty city jomo mother pleasant talking box chairs house sit land needs jomo daughters sons young jomo boy insisted wife learned mission look helps repair mission pump pump pump carry water dry works city pump radio silent moment radio say comes jomo woman ask boy swinging step sat ground doorway sitting face eager need ask radio told happening words radio machine farm school
africa continent diversity variety hilltop parts africa countries occupy differ ways say true africa africa africas remember diversity race northern africa berbers arabs egyptians negroes europeans south africa dutch british asians millions negroes central africa chiefly negroes hundreds tribal groups characteristics customs differ diversity government countries dependent angola mozambique governed overseas provinces portugal ruled king advisory council cabinet morocco libya ruler ethiopia called emperor countries elected prime minister nigeria honorary governor general representing queen england commonwealth nations ghana republic electing president parliament future government uncertain algeria egypt supposed republics dictators diversity economy living dry grasslands raise livestock crops meet bare needs rainforest areas gulf guinea cacao produced quantity export bauxite aluminum mined exported
linda carmen hiking trip suddenly heard hissing sound spelled danger looked rocks nearby saw making noise snake linda carmen looked snake astonishment girls seen snakes white pink eyes looking rare albino snake albino animal melanin melanin chemical animals color pure albinos melanin bodies eyes ears pink skin hair feathers white albino insects fish snakes turtles frogs toads salamanders albino birds mammals kinds animals albinos rare albino animals living wild easy light coloring blend surroundings makes easier enemies albinos poor eyesight albino animals trouble finding food kinds albino animals fish catfish wild catfish bottom feeders need eyes find food spiders insects insects legs body parts spiders legs body parts kinds species spiders spin webs spiders produce silk species silk
interesting plant brought japan fair philadelphia vine vines plants rope stems vines grow ground climb wall support means tendrils tendrils thread parts vines tendrils wrap objects hold vine stems vines part scenery southern parts united states vines grow thanks heat humidity summer south began put planted hillsides soil washing planted houses cover cooler summer months spread south soon discovered places vine grew plants grow vines grow quickly deeply cover ground plants bushes trees covered plants sunshine die farmers tried kill chemicals treatment takes repeated frequently oriental cooking considered healthful scientists find future known helpful plant pest heard dr frankenstein frightening monster
spring cleanup week small england town week set extra trash junk picked trash collector townspeople asked separate pieces trash recycled recycling materials saving resources things newspapers glass bottles aluminum cans brought town recycling center trash recycled goes town trash center townspeople discovered item trash center recycling center accept automobile tires picked tires small town cared bettering environment idea ecology minded gardeners waste things found automobile tires garden stacked tires filled centers garden soil planted seeds soil soon vegetables flowers sprouting tires townspeople found reuse tires snoring looks comic strips snoring funny snore loudly awake snorers tried things snoring
number weather satellites monitor watch earth atmosphere include nimbus tiros satellites carry television infrared cameras satellite photos tv weather forecasts daily newspapers photos show part earth north america white cloudy areas photos show places weather overcast rain fall swirly white areas show storms hurricanes direction headed weather forecasters environmental scientists depend data information gathered weather conditions hurricane atlantic thunderstorms kansas blizzard montana carefully monitored florida satellites send information temperature half hour early warnings citrus growers farmers protect crops frost satellites detect trouble caused human error shrimp boat captains wildlife specialists received information giant oil slicks threatened texas coastline rescue wildlife protection shrimp beds tidal marshes depended early warning luckily late february moon gave show century parts united states canada moon moved directly earth sun causing total solar eclipse eclipse block cover total solar eclipse sun blocked moon seen parts earth
quicksand bed loose deep fine soil mixed water forms bottom streams riverbeds shore dry quicksand look powder grains round jagged grains regular sand wet quicksand support heavy weight loose easily pressure quicksand sand kind fine loose soil mud pebbles water flows quicksand water pushes upward soil push swell grain soil floats cushion water person sink quickly shifting mass loose soil quicksand difficult covered water leaves grass caught quicksand hopeless quicksand suck person completely fact float quicksand water basic rules remember step quicksand remain calm drop carrying body lighter stretch arms lie flat body float slowly begin roll sand firm ground give quicksand flow hours roll remember quicksand act water give dam wall built waterway control flow water dams built earth rocks
william herschel looked telescope thought saw comet herschel famous british astronomer astronomer scientist studies planets things space months study herschel found discovered planet seventh planet sun march astronomers discovered uranus rings circling planet month later astronomers proved uranus rings bringing total number known rings rings uranus narrower darker looking planet saturn uranus main rings kilometers wide saturn rings kilometers wide believed ring uranus stone pieces matter ring moon uranus past scientists think explosion caused moons break pieces moon formed ring planet uranus believed moons revolving learn uranus voyager travels planet glacier huge slowly moving body mass ice glaciers form high mountain areas snow deep melts called polar glaciers form north south poles largest polar glaciers covers antarctica south pole
states countries gasohol gasoline fuel cars mixing percent alcohol percent gasoline results product called gasohol fuel car engines gasoline product oil united states import bring oil countries price barrel imported oil keeps going alcohol gasohol united states stretch oil reduce oil imports million barrels course alcohol needed produce gasohol alcohol ways alcohol calls sugar corn alcohol alcohol hectares corn million liters alcohol crops wheat potatoes scientists working alcohol garbage burning gasohol cars compare burning gasoline thing gasohol burns cleaner pollute air gasoline gasohol high octane rating miles gallon gasohol gasoline safe gasohol making automobile engine scientists believe solar energy promising ways providing future energy needs
cattail plant thin leaves stem looks hot dog cat tail cattails grow marshes marsh wet land covered shallow water cattails grow crops corn wheat grow cattails grow minnesota problem mowed cover marshes completely boats soon cattails share energy needed minnesota native americans minnesota known cattails food source grind cattails flour scientists discovering ways cattails compress squeeze plants fuel stoves furnaces small pieces compressed cattails burn scientists making alcohol cattails alcohol mixed gasoline run automobiles farm machinery someday run oil coal fresh crop cattails grows cut grow stems water live water sun air minerals water pollutants environment ways cattails ideal source energy class colorado school children decided build solar collectors try heat classroom solar means related sun solar collector absorbs collects sun energy class built simple solar collectors playground
morning phone rang york office dr call stockholm sweden caller informed dr won nobel prize medicine dr sixth woman receive nobel prize history science awards dr chief nuclear medicine veterans hospital bronx york grew york graduated city hunter college received doctoral degree university illinois returned hunter college teach physics interest medical radioactive isotopes continued grow dr worked dr solomon died developed technique called method radioactive isotopes measure substances blood tissues body substances impossible locate laboratory methods measure level insulin hormone regulates amount sugar blood check blood stored blood banks contamination virus hepatitis infection liver dr received nobel prize helping develop method today methods thousands laboratories north america museum call san francisco california visit museum
metric system measure length distance unit called meter prefixes larger smaller units length kilometer meters centimeter meter millimeter meter table compares units length look drawing square side square centimeter area square square centimeter look drawing rectangle length centimeters width centimeters rectangle square centimeters area square centimeters find area rectangle multiplying length width look drawing cube edge cube centimeter volume cube cubic centimeter look drawing box length centimeters width centimeters height centimeters volume box found multiplying length width height volume measured cubic centimeters volume measured units called liters volume liquids measured liters liter cubic centimeters box centimeters side volume cubic centimeters liter liquid exactly fill box
learned moving electrons electric current force makes electrons move called electromotive force force push short electricity motive means moving electromotive force push makes electricity move short write electromotive force emf happens turn portable radio electric current pushed radio battery amount push electromotive force emf measured volts portable radios volts emf dry cell flashlights volts emf electricity home volts emf dry cells connected connected series combined voltage raised negative terminal cell connected positive terminal cell volt cells connected give volts dry cells connected parallel negative positive terminals connected shown drawing volt dry cells connected parallel give volts dry cells longer connected electrical cells connected called battery volt cells connected series volt battery rubbed shoes rug gotten electric shock
conductors let electric current move easily insulators oppose try stop electric current resistance measure easy hard electric current move material conductors low resistance electric currents studying move wires wires resistance resistance wire depends things length wire thickness wire material wire temperature wire longer wire greater resistance suppose extension cord plug lamp electric current wire wire greater resistance longer thinner wire greater resistance seen power lines road basement building power lines cables thick thin wires resistance carry large amounts current thick cables low resistance large electric currents move easily wires materials materials conductors copper conductor aluminum conductor copper aluminum low resistance wires copper aluminum carry electric current distances metal conductor higher resistance copper aluminum
heat energy added warmer temperature higher heat energy cooler temperature lower temperature material amount heat heat energy moves place place moves warmer place cooler place heat water pour cool pot heat energy moves hot water cool pot pot warmer temperature rises water cooler temperature falls temperatures change heat energy moves warmer places cooler places temperature measured thermometer thermometer materials alcohol mercury tube liquid goes tube warmed cooled marks tube tell temperature alcohol red liquid outdoor thermometers mercury silver liquid thermometer sick liquid alcohol mercury oven thermometer temperatures oven high liquid boil break tube oven thermometer double metal coil heating makes coil expand cooling makes contract coil expands contracts moves needle dial markings dial show temperature sense temperature tell things feel warm cool
isaac newton scientist lived england ago story story says sitting apple tree apple fell tree hit newton head began wonder things fall don story true isaac newton discovered law gravity law gravity explains things fall apple comes loose tree falls ground ball rolls table falls look picture earth things fall center earth things fall force gravity pulls object drops pulled center earth reach center earth earth gravity pulls things gravity force pulls things center earth need isaac newton tell things fall ground dropped newton law gravity told things according newton earth thing force gravity law says object pulls object earth pulls falling apple apple pulls earth
firemen high pressure hoses skin divers deep water pressure mountain climbers high low air pressure pressure pressure force amount surface area pressure force square centimeter object surface hold book palm hand book mass grams presses hand grams force newtons force spread hand hand area square centimeters force square centimeter hand grams pressure caused weight book grams square centimeter find pressure total force area spread books solids pressure hand hold water liquid swim water feel pressure water ears air pressure air pressure grams force square centimeter sea level newtons square centimeter matter earth weight pressure manometer instrument measure pressure manometer drawing page shaped tube
think horror movies hear bats think bats flying dark bats unusual animals special finding dark bats high pitched sounds fly sounds bounce objects sounds bounce objects called echoes bats hear echoes tell objects listening echoes bats fly dark bumping hear echoes sounds bounce ears large rooms echoes places don hear echoes learned soft materials soak sounds sounds bounced echo room heavy drapes echoes drapes soak sounds reason echoes heard room small room sounds short distance travel echoes bounce ears quickly fast ears hear difference sound echo hear sound large rooms echoes sonar echoes find depth water sound boat bottom ocean
objects warm sunlight spins sunlight photoelectric cells electricity sunlight light light form energy light energy changed heat electricity forms energy space earth sun vacuum light comes sun sounds reach sun sounds reach sun sound waves need medium travel light need medium travel vacuum important difference sound light light travel corners find piece rubber hose bend middle point end light bulb look end light bulb light travel corners straighten hose try bulb light travels straight lines bullet moves fast moving compared light bullet moves slowly light travels kilometers fastest speed faster speed light light travels kilometers takes seconds light reach moon takes light minutes travel million kilometers sun earth distance light travels called light
sunny afternoon cast shadow body opaque blocks sun light look shadow exactly shadow ends shadow black sharp black shadow called sun acts point source light large outdoors sun light completely blocked body light completely blocked dark shadows form point source light makes black shadow light reaches inside school cast shadow shadow comes school lights shadow shadow sun look shadow indoors parts gray outer part black gray outer part shadow called classroom lights extended light sources light comes parts extended source light blocked body part shadow extended light sources shadows parts black gray light reaches light reach test light point source shadow shadow point source shadow light extended source
scientists trying find elements elements known found scientists tried put elements order scientist named mendeleev list known elements weight put lighter elements heavier elements arranged rows chart mendeleev found elements similar properties column chart chart periodic table elements mendeleev table elements perfect elements place scientists tried improve periodic table element number called atomic number elements arranged atomic number elements fell place table atomic numbers arrange elements modern periodic table elements numbered look periodic table column elements top bottom called group group elements family elements group similar properties group number letter kind family elements called period period line elements goes periodic table look periodic table period elements hydrogen helium
substances electrically neutral number positive negative charges positive charges carried protons negative charges carried electrons substance negatively charged extra electrons substance positively charged loses electrons electrical charges carried protons electrons substance charged atoms number protons electrons number positive negative charges atoms electrically neutral look periodic table elements pages elements numbered numbers atomic numbers elements element atomic number number protons atom element hydrogen atom proton hydrogen atomic number helium atom protons helium atomic number uranium atoms protons uranium atomic number atomic number element tells number protons atom element atoms electrically neutral number protons electrons atomic number element atom element protons atom protons electrons atomic number element tell number electrons atom element
diagram shows device called apparatus water water compound apparatus separate water elements electric current goes water electric current breaks water elements apparatus turned electricity flows water end electrical wire platinum foil gas produced platinum foil bubbles gas rise water foil gas collects top tube stopcock keeps gas getting tube measure gas collected tube gas tube happens water broken gases collected tubes gas tube hold test tube top tube gas turn stopcock let gas test tube hold burning wooden splint mouth test tube hear pop flames test tube hydrogen gas burns easily burning splint test hydrogen test shows gas tube hydrogen collect gas tube apparatus
place beaker water freezer write temperature water minutes chart shows observe water losing heat cold air freezer water loses heat temperature goes water starts freeze starts change ice chart shows temperature water stays changing ice water losing heat temperature stays freezing temperature called freezing point water freezing point water heat removed liquids temperature goes liquids reach freezing point temperature stops going removing heat liquids freezing points solids liquid freezing point place thermometer beaker water heat water temperature water rises temperature reaches small bubbles liquid bubbles show gas formed continue heat water water bubbles hard temperature stays water reached boiling point water reaches boiling point steam bubbles steam coming water steam water gaseous heating water temperature water remain water changed steam
suspension liquids called emulsion salad dressing milk medicines emulsions shake mixture oil water forms emulsion emulsion oil water separate standing particles emulsion large size separate quickly add soap mixture oil water shake mixture let stand separate soap keeps emulsion settling soap makes particles emulsion small separate emulsions chemicals separating chemicals called emulsifying agents soap emulsifying agent soap emulsion oil water separating soap breaks oil tiny particles particles small emulsion separate soap washing grease stained clothes soap breaks grease tiny particles particles washed water grease soap form emulsion water gelatin egg yolk emulsifying agents bile produced liver fats digestive system homogenized milk emulsion separate milk emulsifying agents milk cow separate milk cream cream lighter milk floats top milk homogenized spun rapidly machine
sodium combines chlorine form crystals sodium chloride sodium atom lends electron chlorine atom sodium atom sodium ion positive electric charge chlorine atom chlorine ion negative charge opposite electric charges attract attraction sodium ions chlorine ions holds sodium chloride crystal drop crystal sodium chloride beaker water sodium chloride dissolves water happens sodium chloride dissolve water water molecules act tiny wedges sodium chlorine ions crystal sodium chloride sodium chlorine ions split water molecules ions separate spread water salt dissolves water breaks separate ions separation salt ions called ionization ions electric charge moving ions form electric current solution ions conduct electric current ions move carry current solution electrolytes separate ions dissolve water solutions electrolytes conduct electric current non electrolytes dissolve water molecules non electrolytes ions non electrolyte dissolves breaks separate molecules molecules separate ions solutions non electrolytes ions solutions ions conduct electric current
big storms islands shore covered small clams clams larger end finger wind spread beach thick hard walk clams blue look beach leagues tiny blue clams call blue beach storms winter june beach covered clams ankles raked brother baskets took mission washed cooked fresh water wonderful soup blue clams meal bowl soup handful tortillas morning storm raged night beach early gather clams storm washed forgot clams running beach searching things plan changed called yo instance mando found wanted found wanted mando found jar syrup found fishing line hook swap
week find things boat rope cushion blanket box fishhooks inside empty wine barrel heavy piece iron bottles size fill drinking water sunday morning leave lagoon took boat turned upside covered bottom tar heated pot tar washed beach strips mando doubt boat leaked bottom covered tar drop sunday picked heavy piece iron hidden fastened chain found fastened chain rope boat leak oars anchor heavy took lift mando maybe columbus columbus mando magellan showing knowledge learned mission school maybe mando maybe island island mando knew island meant
mando found piece cloth square sail small mast night left moon shining water sea calm sail blew league rowed night rowing resting hands began hurt line surf showed white moon dawn coast mission ventura surf heavy west cliffs santa cruz santa rosa mando caught dorado surf tired clean ate strip jerky tortillas apiece wind swells coming northwest rowing easy smooth water reached kelp bed south point santa cruz worked kelp quiet cove moored boat strands kelp heavy anchor waded ashore carrying fish mando caught climbed cliff light southwest outline island blue dolphins looked clear noticed water calm santa cruz island blue dolphins shore traveled night horizon humps looked hills big waves
week friends rosa anita captain nidever windy sun bright hot tide low walked beach place captain nidever making boat looked worked hardest part rest easier captain nidever big sail captain nidever string marks measuring measured size sail cut pieces string roll gave short width top width bottom sail square height times tall rosa anita wanted stay watch captain nidever tide coming left home trail mission dusty season rattlesnakes warm sluggish run reason dangerous late spring shed skins blind think rattlesnakes california lived hills hills sunny
spring cruz decided plant early melons mission small valley half league east surrounded hills rich soil protected wind took boat eaten breakfast plant melons sickness mission yankees began sickness mission sickness called measles girls help fields soil valley rich sheltered hot growing melons working laid straight lines string team oxen pulled plow string row straight clever young things raised melons missions rosa working planting seeds stored making small holes dropping seeds melon planting mando fishing gringos fishing south coast liked fished gringos carefully seed planted properly sprout rows weeks planting found places seeds sprouted angry plant
stone hands chosen sunday night fiesta full moon traveling easier quiet fiesta paper globes colored candles looped courtyard boys played guitars played violin danced noisy fiesta quiet thinking thoughts stone hands danced months mission paid attention girls brought flower picked garden allowed pick flowers garden padres brought sweet kitchen supposed fields dancing asked lived mission asked guess think say told stories want married fourteen age girls married want especially want marry cruz talked talk mustache thin line chose strutted
days captain cordova don left mission father vicente set ranch talk runaways took knew stone hands liked leave place strange mando fishing poor foot padre custom offered horse refused rode fast gelding walk thought need horse things turned truthful journey ranch captain cordova disappointment ride soldiers saber rattling father vicente flee miles capitan saber rattle leave saber home helmet shine leave home horse silver stirrups saddle breast shield leave leave ranch father vicente need soldiers settle capitan fear father vicente trail box canyon ranch winding tall pine trees growing hill closed canyon pointed
flames shone sea crossed lagoon ran inland mission lay grass rested slept reach mission daylight noon don felipe senor moreno mission protest fire capitan cordova called father vicente talked courtyard left working loom heard shouting striding saw father vicente later convinced start fire wanted find search things father vicente charge mission laws looms permission sell yankee ships harbor trade part money part mission days allowed money crop melons swelled grew ripe chance steal eat melons ate seen eat
dark left mission took bag filled bread saved clay pot cook blanket handle aru words put neck left quietly front gate awake closing big gate heard voice father coming chapel held book hand early yes sun hot midday place young lady father mountains ten days south days east place yes ago gave permission father ago return home food shelter want teach skills grandeur language find god liking pray snakes coyotes sun virgin mary thankful things father thank father merced father vicente
lesson saw rocks small particles small particles called minerals rocks minerals minerals materials found earth rocks mineral rocks mineral look picture rock particles rock color particles think colors rock picture page called granite piece granite minerals black particles mineral mica grey mineral quartz white mineral feldspar look picture mineral samples tell mica quartz feldspar mineral samples big look rocks call rocks minerals earth particles sand beach minerals minerals sand sand particles colors minerals grey material pencil mineral graphite talcum powder white mineral called talc rocks small particles called minerals rocks mineral rocks minerals granite rock minerals mica quartz feldspar
friend companion character personality ring tailed wonder weighed pound discovered furry ball utter dependence awakening curiosity defenseless immediately protective fought boy dog town sought harm exceptionally intelligent responsible watchdog guarding house lawns gardens pets vast size hundred seventy pounds muscled grace elegance seldom resort violence shake dog block terrier shakes rat started fight challenged badgered insulted eventually turn worried face sad eyes tormentor sorrow anger grab intruder scruff neck toss gutter affectionate perpetually hungry saint bernard dogs breed drooled house lie muzzle bath towel eyes downcast slight disgrace pat delaney lived couple blocks street saint bernards reasons explained alps noble dogs set winter kegs brandy strapped beneath chins rescue wayfarers lost snowdrifts
june month school cherries ripe boys girls barefoot boys extra advantages swimming naked wandering streams rivers casting bass water lilies girls wear swimming suits earlier evening games prisoner base run sheep run thankful boy despite mowing lawns working war garden additional hours spend pets watching woodchucks nibbling clover feeding yearling skunks bread milk trying poe crow stealing bright objects car keys satisfying hours spent small raccoon named rascal psychologist say substituted pets family human family course interesting educated affectionate mother dead father business trips brother herschel fighting france sisters theo jessica living adult lives sisters tender care mother died jessica postponing career marriage theo happily wed young paper mill owner northern minnesota jessica talented linguist poet taking postgraduate university chicago occupant ten room house eleven boy working canoe living room thinking thoughts
blueprint manual training shop school called trim streamlined craft eighteen feet twenty inches wide slender longitudinal ribs fastened prow stern curved cross sectional forms keel place ribs encircle craft gunwale gunwale presented problem tried steaming hickory purpose curving wood pressure impossible job limited equipment happy thought struck tougher water elm making cheese boxes additional convenience fact cylinders thin wood curved complete circle tradesmen friends mine bought neatly tied bunches white tipped crimson radishes raised war garden gave meat scraps stale loaves bread sure give empty cheese boxes asked politely pringle cheese box wilson grocery visited half food stores town needed home living room marked inch strips cylinders father ripsaw began exacting exasperating job cutting canoe ribs boxes split ruined patience finally sawed forty circles required
shore sparkling sand clean washed gravel gulls crying overhead father rascal walked beach beachcombers dream crusoe island sea sky pool entering rivulet raccoon caught gleaming minnow proved trout dappled color rascal explored whitened stumps washed waves labyrinths felt curious cautious apparently expecting meet rightful owner moment beaches lake superior strewn ancient jewels result age water seepage small cavities rock water carries silica solution stained minerals result gem cross section shows rings rings crocus yellow shades brown deep rich red pitted visible evidence interior beauty rivals subtle stained glass accident broken open shine wet radiant beach morning found twenty stones worthy cutting polishing rascal knew picking dropping bright stone took eye find broken add pennies arrowhead grew impatient beach crayfish sleep hollow stump tired agate hunt
big plank door cabin weird feeling knew place room granite fireplace shelves books bearskin rug lived course dreamed detail bert bruce wanted show eleven pound trout mounted mantel realistically alive rising brilliant royal coachman fly undoing held rascal magnificent brown trout reached splash crimson lured fish raccoon proving interested trout flies struck immediately cabin air pine logs forty feet length peeled varnished pegged plank floor white oak easy clean comfortable chairs table beneath windows overlooking river gasoline lamps perfect evening reading fire bruce hung fly decorated hat peg reach rascal raccoon investigated floor level showed cabinet flies seen jars preserved insects netted valley filled entire shelf models artificial flies angler tied small drawers materials flies jeweler
rascal enjoyed activity understanding true meaning reached excavation crawled central tunnel rolls chicken wire fished bait pool merely sleep grass father postcard montana saying return ten days weeks fortunately ran charge account meat market groceries raise money staples hinges dig sell bushels potatoes lonesome grateful rascal companionship night possibly built cage aware purpose posts soon set framework nailed cube twelve feet square gave easy access rascal hole oak tree encompassed bait pool twelve feet barn eastern side fasten wire securely top cube knowing rascal climb fence built screen door principal entrance nailing chicken wire frame door sturdy post days spent building cage careful close exit moment rascal feel penned fed favorite foods wire hook door
rascal liked lambs big horses animals learn love pigs small part farm duties left plenty pure pleasure rascal leash visited filled eaves clover alfalfa hay sounds pigeons cooing sparrows bickering mice rustling music fell asleep cupped hollow hay safe wind cold grain bins filled wheat oats invited dangerous leap deep waters occasion barely rescued smothering wheat restrained raccoon unaware danger tobacco sheds leaves brittle brown held fascination rascal preferred hams sides bacon hanging smokehouse cream fresh churned butter spring house top delight entire farm bear concerned honey honey house aunt thought special treat put gray sweater neatly mended elbows threw shawl head led bee yard brick building honey extracted inside efficient room big metal drum revolving racks threw honey combs centrifugal force extractor operation moment liquid honey bottom drum fill mason jars
flurry snow early december whirling flakes rascal hollow tree feared real blizzard den uncomfortable piece sheet copper fashioned hood entrance lined hole blankets outgrown sweater mine raccoon snug winter nest rascal took fancy sweater associating cold weather set rascal grew sleepy raccoons actually hibernate sleep days emerging occasionally pad snow seeking full meal morning left school cage reach hole wanted sure rascal safe comfortable satisfaction feel warm furry body breathing slowly rhythmically sleeping soundly pleasant home stirred petted murmured sleep awoke sufficiently poke black masked face hole look rewarded handful pecans realized course partial separation temporary living things sleep winter woodchucks barn frogs deep mud seeds pods butterflies cocoons merely resting spring awake burst
early march signs spring began woodchucks holes barn cautious look decided wiser sleep weeks meadow mice broke snow crust view sky big cousins muskrats similar forays ponds streams graze vegetation showed tint green mating season approached tabby cats mewed attract neighborhood toms cottontail rabbits thumped ground calling mates skunks wandered miles seeking consolation skunk give rascal restless unreasonable moonlit night heard hair raising screams rage grabbing flashlight find rascal undoubtedly male raccoon trying chicken wire chased intruder put iodine rascal scratches evening heard sounds crooning female raccoon trying reach rascal romantic reasons twelve unaware meaning spring sighing wind fur tipped willows disturbing voices night restless young animals awakening week unseasonably warm weather put screens windows doors night left doors open rascal paid surprise visit
navy operations secret tell test pilot flew skyrocket november call john bennett john bennett pushed open door airport restaurant walked lunch counter climbed stool hi pete counterman hi counterman polishing shiny counter cups coffee pie doughnuts drink cup coffee cooling explained efficiently pete filled thick cups pushed counter lifted glass domes covered pie doughnuts going morning yes going flier push sugar bowl splashed glistening white stream cup plane ready words reminded need speed drank coffee fast swallowed doughnuts pie took wallet pocket looked moment picture girl smiling cellophane took dollar bill handed pete thanks pete pulling empty cups counter douglas built navy skyrocket stood middle field thing thirty feet powerful equipped rocket jet power plants
cool misty autumn morning david led small black mare stable father today reckon school afoot david hand tightened bridle swallowed hard found buyer aye seth replied danbury coming tomorrow sorry lad sake david comment knowing futility pleas arguments father mind sell mare earlier soon uncle charles died wounds hands johnson tories york leaving horse brother law seth light farm sell david rode slowly westward schoolhouse corners miles distant miserable knew full depths feelings mare enabled uncle carry dispatches washington army hobgoblin named swift ambling gait curious facial markings generous spattering white flecks gave strange frightening look spite appearance gentlest horses western connecticut wonderful comradeship lose david feel completely miserable
laughed tossing black curls eyes jumped overhanging branch tree river splash dark hair whirled round round rapids current carried swiftly swirled past boulder scrambled waved companions hi fellows called fun wading mona elder boys watching looked brother kim carefully crawled hands knees branch making signs kim follow kim terribly frightened trying hard show drop feet branch river boys tried pool bathing swimming hole hawaii land rocks waterfalls shut steep sides rocky ravine stream flowed current swift swirling safe spot inexperienced swimmer hawaiian boys born water fish young brothers learned swim learned walk splash mona took plunge kim shut eyes tightly brother hit water flat stomach thought surely going drown
indians eskimos white settlement unison looked saw dog seen giant husky brute power firm body rangy legs speed legs held beautiful head proudly high silver tipped ears rick hale hips rick caught breath saw dog chained log trading post twenty huskies rick asked twill ran trading post finest dog laid eyes twill lot eskimos brought rick nodded late summer eskimos brought spare dogs traded supplies arctic winter traded poorest dogs look spare dog puzzled rick trade beauty asked twill shrugged beginning think couldn train maybe renegade grumbled pay prices easily worth prices rick decided couldn compare beauty dogs rick closer bared fangs uttered low growl close twill warned mean customer called door post twill hurried
chip morning scout heard geese alighted pond halted water remaining motionless identified source disturbance gander obviously trouble splashing rippling water goose descended gracefully scarcely rippling pond touched swam crippled mate beaver paid attention glad trim returned pond alert wary geese sensitive change noticing giving alarm pond provided nesting place water goslings safer pond chip swam feeder dams head main pond longer afraid venture abroad daylight safe winter pond ice locked walked seen unafraid footed creature remained pond swam sleek kits lodge kits restless daily parents learned basic essentials beaver young fretful wanted set travels part beaver destiny
chip heard snapping report saw transformation wrought glare left lynx merely curious stung nose bb pellet glare mad thing volatile creature uncertain temperament unsettled hunger crouched edge thicket wavered running rending thing hurt sprang forward boy screamed desperately clubbed bb gun defend retreated edge pond place lapping waters undermined bank left thin shell grass covered earth overhanging water snarling lynx whipped paws brushed ineffective gun clods splashed underside earthen shelf water shelf collapsed breaking cleanly point joined solid earth boy lynx disappeared sputtering ignoring boy struggling bank chip swam powerfully forward waited hoped glare started visiting pond arch enemy water chip hoped catch beaver wet lynx put paws glare bit hard teeth mouthful fur glare bent whip scoring chip side teeth raking powerful claws beaver held grip unmindful hurts
wilbur woke heard goose turning nest chuckling whispered wilbur goose half past eleven goose asleep wilbur things mind wilbur goose trouble mind things tried sleep sitting eggs replied wilbur suppose uncomfortable goose egg hatch approximately thirty days told answered goose cheat warm afternoons pull straw eggs walk wilbur yawned sleep dreams heard voice saying friend sleep morning half hour dawn wilbur woke listened barn dark sheep lay motionless goose quiet overhead main floor stirred cows resting horses dozed templeton quit errand sound slight scraping noise rooftop weather vane swung wilbur loved barn calm quiet waiting light thought small window faint gleam appeared
ago palace emperor china splendid entirely porcelain costly delicate brittle care touched garden seen wonderful flowers silver bells tied tinkled pass noticing flowers garden extended gardener end forest high trees deep lakes wood extended straight sea blue deep ships sail beneath branches trees trees lived nightingale sang splendidly poor fisherman stopped listened night throw nets beautiful say countries travelers city emperor admired palace garden heard nightingale travelers told home learned wrote books town palace garden forget nightingale highest books emperor
william shakespeare chance play yearly pageant stratford st george dragon snorted fire real gunpowder dragon put shakespeare born believe stratford actors arrived acting company horseback bringing wagon costumes swords feathers drums mayor ask permission put plays stratford mayor happened john shakespeare william father mayor gave permission arranged payment shillings town funds show seen charge actors put show town hall easy change theater main room narrow scaffold set end rows benches angles smaller room actors changing costumes costumes company plays called twenty characters actor change tinker roman senator took slip leather colored robe collection beards help disguises
chan hurried market place apple green jade cotton shirt bead sell beads soon fill coarse fiber bag belt money brothers father think cacao beans received bead rubbed pleasant sound bag chan felt rich cacao beans money maya land hundred ago nearby delicious smell woman baking flat grain cakes slow burning fire jar pottery griddle held fragrant simmering stew meat beans chili chan decided buy stomach chan bit pancake wrapped stew slapped shoulder popped half stew filling chan golden brown skin turned yellow anger black eyes flashed threateningly whirled brother pol stood laughing merchant father pol teased younger brother chan pol bigger stronger money buy warming food asked pol sold jade bead muttered chan sullenly merchant raised black brows eyes questioned son explained chan woman chuckled fine bargainer merchant son pooh pol rudely
early afternoon asleep dogs pigs flies occasionally rise buzz moment soon lighted comfortable nose ear dozed smallest playful breeze dared rustle topmost feathery branches palms disturb dust drooping leaves trees silent hour rests lonely figure moved road mario hurrying fast convenient unpleasant town bangbang room ten boy proper busy ahead road wandered hedges fences houses paddies past clusters bamboo groves palms fields tobacco plants mario hoped end road lead manila house walked saw side moderately exceedingly fat sitting shade banyan tree cool deep shadows beneath spreading branches person leaned comfortably sprawling roots formed wide trunk tree flat leaf fanned stopping remove lizard strayed round stomach looked pleased sleepy eyes road paddies
noon young friends poured schoolhouse intent hour practicing canal skated moments carl mockingly hilda pretty pair coming ice skates present king direct patient creatures hilda gently hard learn skate queer affairs poor peasants boy skates carl abashed patient skating start pretty finish jerk move staccato piece think hilda laughed pleasantly left joining small detachment racers sailing past halted gretel eager eyes watching sport girl gretel lady answered child awed hilda rank nearly age brother called hans hans stout fellow hilda cheerily warm stove look cold wear clothing gretel wear tried laugh answered past twelve beg pardon nearly fourteen large age girls small
mexico stopped settled sleep soon evening night wakened water running feet direction tried water deeper school built top small hillock driven lowest step step finally doorway school stood wet cold unhappy shivering sniffing moldy smell water phil asked mournfully suppose roof idea lee thoughtfully give chance study problems think give tow dry land swim guy asked head pullin lee pulled boat till touched highest step picked halter sunday clothes boat let phil knows don shake hands lee doubtfully guess careful gettin phil took white saddle bridle slipped halter mexico stood meekly usual bright look interest showed mind working minute
rode brunswick morning family finished breakfast spent night village river listening telegraph operator reports tired sleepy hungry greeted pulled chair table waiting hear flood things think pointed bacon plate side bacon aunt dozen eggs half barrel coffee don want waffles stack feet high feet eleven twelve pounds butter bucket honey couple gallons sorghum molasses put bread outdoor lee build appetite hungry pig lunch ee guy suddenly ee phil water grandpa asked stared son guy ee lee ee carl argument burros grandpa mind water crest meant highest point rise reached hour ago quit rising hours course won start falling till backwater run creeks branches maybe tomorrow maybe
carl guy phil thought denver heard lee shout stop help heft log bank boys noticed hundred feet ran helped lee roll log broken limb bit mud hold panting pulling lee set backwater try pull harder hired hand boys stopped loosening shoulders looked rowed flood carl shouted pulled hired hand stopped rowing turned head chickens gravy rowing steadily easily muscles neck shoulders pulled oars lifted lee pretty strong suddenly boat turned lee rowing fast oars looked blades lawn mower carl shed coming river alive goin current hitch loop knot told rope run tell grandpa word folks ways river
jenny stick mouth linda yelled sister saturday linda taking care jenny mother father today saturdays jenny linda taking walk woods linda friend sharon don put sticks mouth linda cross voice linda sounded cross fond sister felt loving jenny watched jenny closely linda smiled sharon hoping understand sharon smiled linda happy morning friend sharon called telephone let picnic woods today sharon love linda answered pleased voice linda moved maine glad able spend age missed friends linda hurried picnic lunch jenny ready linda enjoying walk woods thought wonderful watch jenny moment jenny put stick mouth sharon played woods knew picnic soon found level place put food wanted place drinks spill
horse racing fans biggest sports events races called triple crown races horses race kentucky derby run churchill downs racetrack louisville kentucky saturday weeks later horses move maryland run event called triple crown races belmont stakes run york horses won races champion citation twenty passed happened winner big beautiful colt named secretariat victories belmont stakes remembered young couple washington named karen mickey taylor took colt east triple crown events colt lost race named seattle slew seattle slew proved horses winning races easily races taylors big decision rest horse months race fall seattle slew los racing fans wanted seattle slew run stakes hollywood park racetrack winning horse stakes hundred thousand dollars
ho hum hazel wonder today think walk jungle school hazel loved jungle anyplace full snakes spiders fun things snakes spiders nervous hazel calm fact choose nice fat snake kitten hazel rode bike apartment edge jungle left bicycle began walk big swamp started ground hard firm beneath feet closer swamp ground soft soggy hazel felt gooey mud toes began sing swamp hazel stepped water shallow cover hazel feet farther water deep soon hazel waist walked hazel felt slippery things legs water muddy suddenly hazel saw large mouth mouth uniform rows white teeth animals teeth look big pointed big pointed teeth coming hazel teeth belonged enormous crocodile twenty feet
ago moved place place search food herds wandering animals gathered fruits nuts berries found remain place grow crops raise animals discovery farmed countries conditions farmed country country farm america land farms large produced farm family needed houses farm families lived located farms houses wood large stove cooking heating farm provide water cooking drinking bathing animals farm produce food american farms large barn shelter animals barn store crops harvest farmhouses small town farms town shops schools churches serve farms lay american farm filled hard farmers worked field coming home noon large hot meal night cold meal served things left lunch
jerome found going spend summer country uncle george aunt shirley cousin rodney sure ruin vacation spoil summer thought looking forward fun friends city big plans month period school parents insisted jerome soon hour bus trip arrived met aunt uncle uncle george took jerome suitcase put bed truck tied suitcase piece cord wouldn bounce drove miles farm farm pretty nice white house big red barn chickens jerome cousin rodney greeted door rodney liked called rod younger jerome interested big city jerome liked rod asked questions jerome answered happy able tell knew boys talked jerome liked brag told rod home outrun boy age rod let race barn wins halfway barn jerome realized couldn beat rod didn want lose race telling fast
ricardo hurry home excited today able buy sister exactly wanted birthday weeks ago walking home movies ricardo sister stopped look beautiful set drinking glasses shop window glasses color rainbow ricardo sister pointed remarked beautiful ricardo knew buy ricardo saving money newspaper sales months buy glasses taking give sister started busy york street ricardo startled blast horn turned truck coming straight quickly headed curb hurry tripped curb pretty box contained glasses rolling sidewalk stopping hurt ricardo straight box picked heart sank heard horrible sound broken glass money dream making sister happy lost sat stared box full broken glass suddenly ricardo realized standing sidewalk ricardo looked kindly face looking
look future abraham lincoln saw future sad lincoln decided run president country break war question slaves lincoln hoped president save nation election lincoln listened votes finally heard news elected exhausted president room rest dropping sofa close eyes sleep room saw open eyes wide mirror lincoln saw faces looking face looked young full health looked pale death lincoln jumped look closer faces quickly vanished didn forget matter fact haunted days later lay sofa faces return mean asked wife think means elected times replied sadly elected die couldn mean let forget lincoln forget wife remembered especially later elected president
charlotte hale put arms high gear pushed wheels wheelchair forward fast hurry newsroom sharp turn corridor nearly ran friend mike collins hey re going hurry asked surprised mike jumped charlotte wheeled past continued hall story write called reached door newsroom pushed open arm disappeared moment later door swung shut mike turned tracks charlotte entered newsroom found sitting desk pounding typewriter mike asked charlotte talk busy reporter replied read type want mike moved position charlotte typing understood shortly charlotte excitement today remembered charlotte wrote lakeview history exactly morning huge silver ball dropped clouds landed silently front yard tate family home route town phone charlotte desk rang picked immediately listened bit ten minutes hung phone turned wheelchair movement
hotter hotter inside giant sombrero smell straw sombrero filled karen nose smell horses clattering karen decided sister louise tricked skating sombrero fiesta parade san antonio texas sounded fun karen thought sister crazy food booth actually parade knew louise switched jobs hot tiring remembered louise purpose nice karen looked peephole skated careful run band flower covered float ahead playing lively music gave karen beat skate cool thought swing skate evening air breeze bottom hat karen took strides skates stopped twisted hips music evening air swished cool hot arms face soon hot maybe dance dancing faster keeping beat music karen skated left shake shake shake skated twirled neat circle stopped bounce bounce bounce
going whispered let catch found hiding place pigpen days stayed pigpen owners discovered freedom beatings black girl slave place maryland girl harriet ross called working fields boss whipped hard sick busy working school learned read write knew lot harriet ross fifteen begun call harriet short hard strong worker chance paid extra plantation hoped buy freedom didn want slave buy freedom terrible happened harriet angry boss threw large piece iron hit harriet mistake iron hit head thought live
daddy katy asked looking dad hope eyes promise listen say katy dad fish fine listen tell ocean fishing lake stream fishing katy face fell dad explained meant salmon weigh twenty pounds deal inch trout katy refused give catch fish tomorrow morning blue lake lake fish weigh small salmon katy insisted dad laughed set going catch trout tomorrow let ocean fishing daddy katy jumping hugging don forget prove tomorrow dad reminded grin clock morning katy ready lake fishing pole dad asked katy checked things yes saw sister janice trailing dad janice coming yes janice answered learn fish today katy thought catch trout janice catch need wore didn turn
gary moved swiftly dock trying stay shadows sure bolt light dashing safety darkness ahead sure fleet seen rushing gary looking open gray motorboat belonged navy early morning launch trip navy ship armstrong gary brother ahead gary heard sound engine starting soon smelled smell engine exhaust gary found gray launch engine running gary stepped light morning gary hail boat help lines yes thanks fleet getting ready leave lot group ships ready sail gary talked untying stern line tossing boat thanks called turned head turned gary stepped quietly carefully boat quickly found secure place seat safe hidden boat pulled dock going smoothly fortunately gary exhaust early part adventure tired mistake later gary glad weather held
kate worried walked home tennis equipment bought terrific tennis racket dozen balls saved allowance months money buy knew mother wouldn object bought things money saved buying things wasn problem kate worried problem convincing mother tennis lessons remember kate wanted tennis lessons mother told young tomorrow kate birthday sure mother sure kate showed racket balls kate reached house directly garage took proud look racket balls putting shelf inside started setting table kate chores hoped chores mother home mother grown kate sure kate ready tennis lessons kate finishing table starting dinner mother home job newspaper kate mother didn put car garage tonight looked rain opened garage parked car inside
charlene lived house edge town school talented weaving loom bedroom evening rugs making charlene problem couldn speak mother doctors knew charlene couldn speak evening dinner charlene cutting slice loaf bread thought heard voice coming help cried charlene opened front door stepped stood front stoop listened longer hear voice charlene inside mother haven finished eating vegetables charlene returned table ate squash mind distant plea help helping dishes heard voice stopped chores listened help voice pleaded hurt mother told loaf charlene finished dishes turned walked door sure re dark mother charlene nodded head began walking hurriedly direction voice led woods continued onward sun going charlene edge bluff
remember asking father dad saw sun sky remember asking mother mom saw moon earth began children asking questions parents answered questions early days civilization facts sun moon early greeks thought heavenly bodies brother sister gods greek father sun apollo god daylight rides golden chariot sky greek mother moon diana sister apollo goddess moonlight rides silver chariot sky night today stories apollo diana books greek myths ideas sun moon knowledge scientists gathered centuries children ask parents sun moon answered facts stories facts sun moon important fact moon sun count light part lighted sun part lighted moon bodies earth total permanent darkness
adela excited going camping trip mountains hurry finish packing bernardo called friend finished bernardo replied let bernardo father drove school soon bus class campground class collected aluminum cans sold raise money trip adela worked especially hard anxious read books camping exactly bernardo laughed books adela didn care settled bus adela took books trying learn camp reading bernardo teased laugh adela replied book lot information want ready bus reached campground miss brandon told class thing set tents adela knew exactly set read bernardo problem adela offered help secretly glad needed help serves laughing thought tents set miss brandon told class lunches took lunches hiked lake picnic
town missouri baby born later famous women music baby sarah caldwell sarah loved music finished high school attended boston england conservatory noted school music studied opera production stage design conducting playing violin viola student received offers play violin symphony orchestras refused began working england opera theater student teacher music festival massachusetts staged opera sarah head opera workshop department boston university later started opera company boston beginning career sarah opera director productions operas performed war peace trojans known operas exciting directed sarah caldwell amazing effects stage twenty feet deep managed flying horses flying witch broomstick castle fire breathing dragon noticed woman conduct metropolitan opera york production huge success january appearance conductor boston symphony orchestra
sea filled living things plants animals live sea matter fact plants earth live oceans tiny celled plants oxygen humans animals breathe nearly sea plants need sunlight live found upper surface ocean sunlight shine plants found sea simple simplest sea plants celled tiny important diatoms plants called grass sea green bacteria single celled plants green bacteria feed dead plants animals changing chemicals food green sea plants algae kind sea plant algae simple plants colors green brown algae known seaweed sea lettuce kelp plants grow large simple parts land plants matter fact sea plants eel grass turtle grass roots leaves flowers land plants kinds animals found sea familiar common fish seals porpoises common animals home ocean
kate interested history spanish missions read find retired visit exactly months granddaughter pam traveled california visiting missions looked book stores find books missions kate read kate happened small california town mission known eager found beautiful enjoyed found book store tucked corner town amount dust covered books appeared recently kate understand books put shelves order impossible find kate give caught eye small book called legends missions quickly bought book hotel read read kate learned mission seen town mission attacked indians times hundreds ago attacks fathers ran mission forced leave seek safety leaving fathers buried church treasures underneath mission planning return later dig
believe story guess strange whale tale true august remarkable adventure took place crew whaling ship called star east hunting whales atlantic ocean hunting sperm whales largest animals whales grow lengths sixty feet school whales sighted crew lower small whaling boats water set try harpoon whales sailor stand front boat holding harpoon connected coil rope bow boat harpooned whale flee drawing rope drawn tight boat full pulled sea powerful whale eventually whale tire boat able draw close harpoons thrown finally killing whale whales huge boats close needed order sailors throw harpoons noon august crew member star east sighted large school sperm whales small boats lowered soon neared huge animals sailor named james bartley steered boat close whales close harpoon thrown
customer stayed closing finish shopping generally mei mei didn mind closing store minutes late accomplish tonight mei mei hurry leave worried mrs willis mei mei friend disappeared mei mei find happened morning mei mei mrs willis house usual looking forward customary morning visit mrs willis saturday morning ago mei mei walked mrs willis house mrs willis invited mei mei visit breakfast soon friends saw mrs willis desire faraway places busy working dreamed travel read books study geography knowledge foreign places complete amazed mei mei mrs willis stories music mei mei ears dreamed traveling mei mei eaten breakfast mrs willis saturday met devour fresh biscuits honey talk places alaska mrs willis retired mei mei stopped morning say hello morning front door mrs willis house locked
soft whoosh automatic doors swung open grasping guitar case firmly tommy entered children hospital reached pocket took badge printed badge title volunteer tommy coming play guitar sing children tuesday evening past patients considered part hospital nurses doctors difference tommy tuesdays patients fondly gave nickname tommy tuesday tommy needed wear badge hospital knew patients badge helpful tommy wore sharp bark interrupted tommy thoughts saw hospital dog running envelope mouth dog ran tommy fast short legs carry fat body tommy leaned looked written envelope sorry dog envelope dr looking gave dog quick pat continued turned recreation room tommy greeted waves cheers twenty children mrs head nurse gave warm welcoming smile tommy unpacked guitar tuned children gathered
war ii government italy controlled benito mussolini mussolini ally hitler italy fought germany side war italians opposed mussolini willing fight courageous known partisans german troops town mountains northern italy orders rid large group partisans operating children curious germans generally taller blonder italians wore uniforms spoke differently italians curious youngsters began hang german camp watch troops boy named sergio wandering german tents spotted interesting small open wooden box shiny rifle shells making observing sergio picked box quickly slipped german camp home met older sister box sergio inquired looking suspiciously box holding pretty things play replied sergio hoped wouldn ask box pretty things let demanded sergio box didn want stood sergio looked wooden box
jacksons arguing bit months arguments began lydia saying wanted job listen lydia edgar reply married forty haven food table don need job lydia calmly explain desire job food raised children grown times felt bored useless bet feel retire say edgar tell wife contrary going enjoy retired planned fish read play tennis golf relax thirty working vice president bank deserve rest don rest forget nonsense job agreed passed lydia determined find job problem worked thirty worked singer piano player thought continuing left afraid wouldn able find hire didn demand sixty singing piano players weeks later lydia finally decided try
mary harris jones hundred birthday party big success received birthday telegrams labor union leaders united states known mother jones mary harris jones remembered struggling win justice workers america mother jones brings mind picture white haired grandmother mary harris jones looked hundredth birthday white hair black bonnet shawl hide fiery fearless nature mother jones leader events mary harris early led directly labor movement born ireland brought america father worked laborer railroads hardest dangerous jobs twenty hundred irish railroad workers died injuries sicknesses related jobs mary harris mary harris jones married member iron molders union memphis tennessee husband children sadly mary husband died yellow fever sickness swept memphis heartbroken loss mary jones moved chicago set shop dressmaker brought touch rich city soon grew resent wealth poor
living things require water survive fortunate fourths earth surface water water found atmosphere air surrounds earth fact water travels continuously natural pumping system surface earth atmosphere earth pumping system cycle series events occurs water traveled water cycle began water cycle begins sun shines bodies liquid water oceans lakes sun heats surface bodies water water liquid form vapor gas form process water vapor created known evaporation sun heats air heats water hotter air vapor warm air vapor atmosphere air higher higher begins cool air cools vapor able air cools water form vapor liquid process changing gas liquid known condensation result condensation tiny drops liquid water air water mist fog clouds tiny drops water float air bump
scholars say ugly deformed tell handsome athens hired sculptor erect statue say slave free historians confused stories deny lived known western fables fact fable teller recorded history fable story animals characters teaches moral lesson stories show faults typical fable fox grapes fox beautiful bunch grapes hanging vine grapes looked delicious fox jumped jumped trying grapes high finally realized grapes fox exclaimed don want sure sour anyway moral story mean selfish criticize belittle belong term sour grapes widely today describe criticize belittle sour grapes comes fable told nearly ago greek thought lived
moment surrounded don alarmed forces surrounding friendly fact help support earth forces form support system earth system environment environment air water land includes plant animal environment important things needed living things sets quality plants animals important support system danger failing badly threatened pollution pollution dirt filth dumped environment smoke filled air breathe sewage chemicals garbage rivers lakes oceans waste filled poisoned land noise upsets peace quiet pollution environment alarm environment danger exactly pollution environment cars forty fifty cent air pollution pollution dumping factory wastes form chemicals environment create pollution carelessly products dust crops dump wastes garbage land water throw things attempt disposal getting rid wastes
area southeastern part california known imperial valley large region climate deserts north africa winters comfortably warm summers hot temperatures rain imperial valley inches centimeters area subject sandstorms happen extreme climate conditions expect imperial valley vast wasteland likely able live crops able grow valley wasteland grew lived today imperial valley country richest farming areas change desert turn green early lived imperial valley believed temperate climate plenty rain needed farming imperial valley hot temperate inches rain plenty hardy souls lived valley felt imperial valley potential saw ending high temperatures lead growing season lasting felt valley farmed problem water solved
look designed architect likely words strange ugly describe thought unusual fact remains important architect style design known art nouveau term art nouveau means art describe style began europe late nineteenth century finally spread western art nouveau style mainly known flowing curving lines rich natural decorations lamp vase face woman shape flower part form artists field art nouveau style works style architecture works face building shaped waves sea bench curve snake crawling garden born spain son ironworker worked father trade learning iron learned later young lived worked happy spanish city barcelona arrived early city enjoying fortune ways politics society art growth barcelona
earthquake distant place deep beneath surface ocean sea boil churn makes waves swell destruction earthquake anger gods creates wave destruction sweeps land destroying deserve fate innocent victim dido queen carthage offended gods victim goddesses search revenge dido number followers fled coast africa escape evil tyrant ruled country tyre arrived coast dido asked natives followers home land enclosed hide bull natives agreed land enclosed hide bull dido hide cut thin strips laid strips end end ground able enclose large area land land dido built fort called means hide slowly city began grow fort city called carthage beautiful city dido leadership rich powerful dido lived ruled carthage peace neighbors events lead destruction began began golden apple apple written words fairest
asked prices answer mean thought prices prices product service buy increased greatly prices houses haircuts doubled tripled record albums buy today cost dollar ago true prices upward trend prices goods services economy prices tend shift economy group produces distributes goods services speak economy city country explain prices economy supply demand supply amount goods services sale companies clothing cards records goods doctors lawyers window washers offer services willing able provide kinds goods services supply limited depends produce goods services demand opposite supply demand amount goods services willing able buy matter badly want ten speed bicycle part demand bicycles don money buy
isak dinesen pen baroness karen blixen extraordinary woman overcame tragedy hardship acclaimed author highly original beautifully told stories bear isak dinesen born denmark april karen children family wealthy karen ten father took blow karen close father shared spirit adventure sense loss father death difficult karen overcome young woman karen uncertain future karen decided attend art school paris fundamental artistic talent soon lost interest school accepted marriage proposal baron blixen loved adventure outdoors took bride ranch kenya east africa ranch proved failure marriage spent home leaving karen care ranch fortunately intelligence personality won friends fond young denys finch hatton helped appreciate eventually love africa later credit denys inspiration books wrote africa karen divorced remained kenya ten huge swarm grasshoppers destroyed ranch
folk tale justice reader decide ago governor named feared egypt decided accused crime innocent guilty arm sling leg splint appeared excellency sob burglar raised eyebrows frankness admission think odd thief continued seek justice hold profession justice property replied tell wrong terrible exclaimed thief caused careless neglect omar wealthy merchant governor asked thief going business burglary trying break omar house standing ledge trying pry window open window frame collapsed caused fall break arm leg terrible governor commented gravely thief nodded continued misfortune engage profession present physical starve earn living
color blue sky green grass red yellow orange spring flowers colors colors appreciate colors give warnings red traffic lights cent population color colors color blind types color blindness type person sees color type rare type person color blind colors common type color blindness red green red green color blind colors red green realize color blind call red red green green actually seeing call shades gray realize color blind find simple test identify red green color blindness test cards colored dots included dots red green dots red green dots arranged form figures numbers person taking test asked tell number figure card
society rites performed occasions societies rites groups society rites societies groups rites occasions ceremonies celebrate occasions rites primitive societies differ greatly modern societies societies sort rite birth adulthood marriage age death called rites passage meaning person passing part rites passage passing person childhood adulthood celebrated fact groups considered important person ceremonies important longer ceremonies rites passage type ceremony performed celebrate entry adulthood depends social organization religious practices group age person celebrates rite twelve twenty groups include females ceremony groups rite lasting hours rite groups months adulthood rite differs group group longer rites adulthood performed tribe guinea
nearly lives measure things want find ruler tape measure want weighs measure scale constantly measuring things fast wind blowing dirt air today measure earthquakes didn tried find successful measure earthquakes fact instrument purpose built built china named chang worked instruments today early earthquake measuring device consisted copper jar shaped barrel jar feet meters wide jar dragon heads holding ball mouth dragon head sat frog open mouth inside copper jar hung pendulum earthquake shaking pendulum swing hit inside jar head dragons ball fall dragon mouth mouth frog directly dragon chang able tell earthquake occurred direction quake moved device chang attractive considering ago worked
stopped think times week family automobile united states today places times live wheels automobile average person country travels miles kilometers distance traveled comfortable convenient family car united states today nearly newborn baby travels home hospital car trip beginning auto odyssey children growing ride school automobile ride cars kinds extra activities teen agers wait drive dream cars working ride jobs automobiles cars recreation taking drives beach mountains americans depend cars part lives automobiles large part economy fact business united states today directly connected automobile automobile manufacturers car dealers garages repair cars car washes taxi companies shops painting automobiles auto insurance companies parking lots hundreds businesses connected cars automobiles popular offer mobility versatile
picture shows tall woman shimmering gown spun silvery cobwebs tiny glittering crown rests dark hair face incredibly beautiful athlete works harder football player maria tallchief ballerina maria tallchief start dancer born betty marie tall chief osage indian reservation fairfax oklahoma january betty marie mrs tall chief discovered daughter perfect pitch rare musical gift decided betty marie pianist betty marie younger sister dancer betty marie turned began ballet lessons learn dance help graceful soon studying case lessons prepare career fortunately problem affording lessons girls father osage indian chief deal money oil betty marie family moved beverly hills california betty marie immediately enrolled music school continue piano lessons mrs tall chief took girls excellent ballet teacher ernest belcher accepting girls students belcher looked carefully going waste teaching students bodies allow dancers
small eskimo village knew terrible going happen omens eskimos sure gods trying tell understand signs hoped village shaman medicine able clarify meaning omens put clothes private place ask ancestors advice omens thing dreaded occurred began noise roaring thousand angry bears ground trembled shook igloos crashed eskimos heads dreaded event turned earthquake ran lives young boy remembered shaman limbs moved slowly knew help trouble hurried found shaman village lying flat snow ground rolling pitching waves sea raise ground tried pull balance ground shuddered shook flung top shaman protect whirlwind flying snow sharp chunks ice silence returned
surprising oceans nearly interest earth oceans cover nearly quarters planet interest led questions answer questions study oceans ocean travel important mapping ocean boundaries ways oceans studied early explorers magellan captain cook ocean voyages map oceans need oceans began ended joined knowing boundaries oceans nineteenth century scientific studies oceans began science born oceanography person credited founding science american scientist matthew fontaine maury early maury began study sea journals log books ships looking facts winds currents information able charts showing sea winds currents month charts maury shipping later study oceans maury wrote oceanography book physical geography sea ocean studies opened doors study sea today studying oceans easy task scientists study oceans face problems
earliest childhood katherine anne porter wanted writer wrote book age series writings katherine anne porter writer wrote essays short stories novels written showed considerable insight katherine anne porter born indian creek texas mother died katherine grandmother took charge porter children strong woman strict sense discipline wrong early grandmother guidance helped form katherine strong determined character child katherine stubborn gave wanted quality showed wrote books wrote rewrote felt exactly writings katherine childhood fiery furnace melted essentials shaped later childhood shaped future gave discipline write subject matter works despite writing ability katherine student left school married sixteen divorced nineteen later decided leave texas settled chicago worked newspaper worked extra movie studio movie company moved hollywood katherine invited
residents place remember proudly inform visitors cummings live december iron gate entrance place adorned copy famous christmas tree poem residents thanking cummings poems edward cummings born cambridge father minister believed garden house place children grass neighborhood children joined cummings sister garden young cummings entertained stories wonderful funny pictures drew sister remembers cummings funny recalls brother whooping cough cummings organized club open children neighborhood disease club newspaper funny stories jokes children actually tried catch whooping cough join club high school cummings attended harvard university friends founded harvard poetry society put book poetry called harvard poets published mistake printers cummings written capital letters liked looked decided signature poems signed cummings cummings left harvard graduate degree english classical studies york worked mail order business
school relation universe begin blue green planet known earth earth simply planets solar system earth planet sun planets revolve sun approximately plane earth travels sun average distance million miles million kilometers speed earth traveling miles kilometers takes read unit knowing planet solar system tell universe solar system part universe known milky galaxy milky vast whirling disk stars gases dust view milky side looks blue white dotted lens brightest densest center milky top look pinwheel spiral arms stars gases dust whirling cloud covered center solar system edge milky revolves center galaxy miles kilometers solar system small part milky galaxy billion stars
high points presidential election united states democratic republican national conventions conventions generally exciting suspenseful quiet events helped shape history amid balloons cheers banners bands candidates chosen run office president united states american political conventions early attempts parties extend participation election process conventions party candidates nominated caucus caucus legislators views met draw list party candidates felt worthy high office president kind meeting official means choosing parties elections caucus nominate candidates objections idea small group important decisions party finally senator martin van buren proposed national conventions called nominate party candidate president real conventions held national republican party short lived masonic party president andrew jackson party democratic republicans held convention jackson nominated run president rules drawn convention started important procedures included determining number delegates basis total electoral votes casting votes delegations need thirds majority nominate
word science comes latin word scire means knowledge today science defined ongoing study live science includes study subjects reason divided smaller branches branches study living things biology bios means ology means study biology study living things called science learned living things science biology subdivided study animals called zoology study plants called botany study living things small takes microscope called microbiology study science study branches science teacher introduce curious investigate investigating section explains ways scientists investigate find ways investigating helpful investigate scientists investigate things curiosity scientists investigate things important survival living things finding cure cancer ways scientists investigate search systematic follows orderly procedures
thousands scientists observing describing naming sorting living things found earth process sorting distinguish living nonliving microscope invented scientists observe traits structure general appearance classifying things alive plant animal moved animal stayed place plant microscope scientists able look closely living things result scientists today divide living things major groups kingdoms plants animals protists protists consist microscopic organisms plants animals characteristics plants animals place organisms separate kingdoms today living things classified groups based structure general appearance chemical makeup behavior ancestry factors system classifying living things called taxonomy carolus linnaeus credited creating classification system today follow diagram figure classification system works kingdom divided phyla according similarities differences organisms assigned kingdom phyla divided classes classes divided orders orders divided families families divided genera genera divided species purpose classifying organisms groups identification relationships organisms easier understand
unlike nonvascular plants studied vascular plants grow large found dry moist habitats vascular tissues plants permit grow larger survive places nonvascular plants vascular tissues transport needed materials quickly plant types vascular tissues xylem phloem xylem vascular tissue carries water dissolved minerals roots stems leaves plant phloem vascular tissue carries food leaves rest plant xylem phloem transport water minerals food quickly parts plant xylem phloem give plants support need growing land vascular plants classified groups seeds study vascular plants seeds include club mosses horsetails ferns ferns plants living members left scientists plants mainly fossil study fossil evidence plant animal found rocks plants common million ago according fossil evidence scientists believe plants develop vascular tissues plentiful grew parts millions ago today kinds exist plants found mainly warm climate tropics
distinguishing characteristics separate mammals classes vertebrates mammals fur hair mammals thick fur hair sparse fur hair armadillos whales examples coarse hairs known bristles humans hair patches beavers bears thick coats fur animals mammals mammalian characteristic ability female mammals nurse young young fed milk produced mammary glands mammals distinguished warm blooded body temperature regulated internally varies species species complex group vertebrates brain highly developed range body size tiny shrews bats centimeters gigantic blue whale meters varied structures warmbloodedness mammals found earth mammals divided groups egg laying pouched placental mammals knew egg laying mammals rest section tells groups re fascinating simplest mammals egg layers mammals give birth young alive lay eggs tough leathery covering reptile eggs warm mother order hatch egg layers live australia guinea nearby islands
kinds bats feed nectar fruits eat insects bats catch insects flying prey scoop membrane wings vampire bats cut slits skin prey razor sharp teeth lap blood flows wound prey horses cattle rodents abundant mammals sharp front teeth stop growing teeth worn grinding chewing stems roots nuts objects teeth grow interfere animal feeding animal actually starve death mice rats muskrats beavers guinea pigs squirrels familiar rodents herbivores plant eaters rabbits hares closely related rodents ability run swiftly places separate group hares able run kilometers hour carnivores meat eaters sharp teeth holding prey cutting flesh kinds move swiftly keen eyesight important catching prey foxes wolves bears raccoons lions tigers weasels familiar carnivores seals walruses carnivores live sea mammals common prey larger carnivores pigs deer antelope horses cows giraffes mammals
amoeba protozoan moves means flowing motion stretches part direction move main part amoeba flows stretched parts stretched parts called pseudopods pseudopod means false foot look figure find pseudopods move amoeba stretches pulls pseudopods amoebas obtain food amoeba stretches pseudopods surround piece food food drop water form food vacuole usable portions food digested amoeba unusable portions left amoeba moves amoeba food vacuoles form bit food amoeba takes members amoeba group parasites type amoeba amoebic dysentery infection lower part human digestive system traced drinking unclean water disease stomach pains severe diarrhea think cities provide safe drinking water tiny organisms fascinated anton van leeuwenhoek slipper shaped paramecium notes incredibly thin feet moved nimbly feet viewed actually hairlike structures called cilia
living things carry functions cells smallest parts living things perform functions functions discussed section function carried parts cell chemical place living cell called metabolism part metabolism includes taking food oxygen dissolved food materials oxygen pass cell cell membrane remember cell membrane selectively materials pass cell passage dissolved materials cell membrane known diffusion part cell metabolism includes burning food release energy called respiration respiration food combined oxygen broken burned respiration occurs mitochondria food broken simpler substances cells growth repair energy released process cells perform activities wastes carbon dioxide result respiration diffuse cell cell membrane part metabolism building materials cell ribosomes found scattered endoplasmic reticulum proteins needed cells proteins called enzymes regulate metabolism cell enzymes help cell function proper rate proper cell metabolism important functioning entire organism
kinds seed plants known types plants put seed plants important provide products products important product seed plants food provide plants food seed plants don eat plant eat seeds corn pea plants eat fruits peach banana trees eat roots carrot beet plants stems eat spices herbs plants coffee tea flavorings soft drinks chocolate seeds small tropical tree main ingredient chewing gum comes bark tropical tree indirectly depend plants food cows eat grass plants cows turn give milk beef wood product seed plants oaks maples pines trees seed plants woody stems lumber build houses furniture wood paper fabrics products cotton flax hemp plants provide important fibers fibers cotton plant part plant ripe fruit flax fibers stem plant hemp making rope comes stem plant
kind underground structure called bulb bulbs stems leaves stem short thick wrapped thickened leaves leaf surrounded outermost leaves show traces chlorophyll onions examples bulbs eat hyacinths tulips produce bulbs happens put onion tulip bulb pot moist soil try exceptions food making occurs leaves seed plants order happen food making cells leaf exposed sunlight leaves flat thin structure greatest amount leaf exposed light leaves arranged plant stem orderly pattern assures leaf maximum amount light arrangement leaves plant disorderly haphazard leaves grow spiral stem pattern helps leaves avoid shading leaves vary greatly size shape function plants thick leaves store water leaves store food plants cacti tiny leaves leaves form prickly spines advantage cacti thin spines broad leaves leaves parts stalk blade stalk attaches leaf plant stem
carbohydrates cell fuel supply carbohydrates provide energy cells carbohydrates sugar starch examples fruit candy sugar foods starch lots kinds sugars glucose simplest kind directly body cells produce energy sucrose sugar sugar bowl complex organic compound chemical formula sucrose digested broken glucose body cells carbon hydrogen oxygen atoms sucrose molecule starches carbohydrates formed numbers sugar molecules grouped read sugar cell source energy living thing sugar molecules needs care energy requirements convenient store extra sugar organism cells join extra sugars sugars joined form starch molecules starch stored form energy cells need energy starch molecules broken sugar molecules energy kind carbohydrate manufactured plants cellulose molecule cellulose chain sugar molecules grouped large molecule fact organisms ability digest break sugar molecules
ingredients living things known scientists haven learned put form living thing don exactly began interest began wondered theories ideas began earth greek myths american indian legends discuss possibility created council gods theory believed involves presence powerful created forms earth theory states earth planet outer space dark ages europe theory proposed theory states living things nonliving matter toads frogs found mud believed mud created toads frogs flies found decaying meat thought decaying meat created flies theory called spontaneous generation proven true scientists find evidence support theory scientists believe living things living things living things theory held scientists forms created inorganic elements conditions believed happened atmosphere earth unlike atmosphere earth today
addition simple sugars formed process photosynthesis plants organic compounds needed living things say photosynthesis step chain reaction continuously recycles chemical elements making living things learned chapter main types organic compounds found living things carbohydrates fats proteins compound needed cells organism order perform functions organic compounds produced photosynthesis simple sugars carbohydrates turn join plant animal cells form carbohydrates complex sugars starch cellulose needed living things fats produced result photosynthesis plant animal cells simple sugars break small carbon molecules carbon molecules rearrange form complex molecules called fatty acids molecules join form fats plants store fats seeds kernels corn soy beans sunflower seeds animals store fats bodies proteins produced result photosynthesis fatty acids break form amino acids amino acids nitrogen form proteins plants obtain nitrogen supply minerals soil animals obtain nitrogen supply eating plants eating animals eaten plants photosynthesis step forming organic compounds needed living things
challenge fact dinosaurs roamed earth fossil remains kinds dinosaurs discovered tall meters measured centimeters length fossil remains dinosaurs lived earth million million ago surviving million extinct reasons disappearance dinosaurs subject appealed scientists discovering happened scientists able preserve organisms endangered today prevent extinction organisms future theories explain extinction dinosaurs proposed theory states land changed earth dinosaurs habitats changed formation mountains caused swamp lands dry modified food supply dinosaurs adapt died climate important factor explaining dinosaur extinction theory proposes gradual cooling earth millions ago led plants dying plant eating dinosaurs meat eating dinosaurs depended plant eaters food extinct alternate theory climate proposes rise temperature contributed dinosaur extinction high temperatures caused dinosaur eggs break easily scientists aware high temperatures eggs shells birds thinner
environment includes land air water parts environment provide space food water air need order live pollution environment affect greatly kinds environmental pollution affecting substances air unclean known air pollutants pollutants sources main air pollution burning fuel fuel burned poisonous gases smoke released air automobile exhausts factory fumes smoke household chimneys sources air pollution air pollutants include smoke burning garbage smoke forest fires chemical sprays types air pollution seen matter source air pollution results generally bad air pollutants irritate respiratory tracts animals carbon monoxide lead fumes automobile exhausts harmful substances poisonous gases soot factory fumes known weaken livestock affect vegetable crops dirty area factory chemical pollutants discolor erode buildings water polluted ways chemicals factories untreated sewage crop sprays oil spills wastes mining sites pollute sources water makes water unfit drinking swimming bathing polluted water unfit aquatic organisms killed incorporate pollutants bodies animals eat organisms affected pollutants passed food chains
predict future present trend population growth energy food limited alternate sources found section describes ideas provide resources future depend energy sources run machines heat homes cook meals mineral fuels presently energy sources purposes include natural gas coal oil earth limited supply fuels reason scientists looking alternative energy sources presently nuclear energy obtained nuclear fission splitting nucleus element uranium type nuclear energy dangerous accidental discharge radioactivity nuclear energy plant harmful effects organisms alternative nuclear energy source undeveloped involves fusion fusion means putting nuclei elements fused combined specific conditions energy scientists working ways combining elements deuterium lithium produce nuclear energy advantages fusion fission small amount radioactivity involved danger accidents greatly reduced alternative energy source water power actually water known energy source power plants pictured figure energy rushing streams plant water power electricity scientists investigating ways water energy source rise fall ocean tides produce electricity tested france
language originate question puzzled centuries remains unanswered began speaking ago estimates range twenty thousand million half ago language originate think words think word uttered prehistoric woman boy girl guess suppose word ugh ha wow guess legends myths tell language gift gods think words sprung cries pain snarls rage expressions strong feeling belief called pooh pooh theory origin language yo ho theory suggests language arose sounds theory singsong theory language sprang primitive chants ta ta theory explains speech began mouth pantomime speech organs attempted imitate gestures hands addition dingdong theory suggests mystical connection sound meaning think tried imitate sounds nature animals words purr hum meow roar theory language called bow wow theory language experts believe full words instructions kind push pull run theory logical theory share classmates
easy question answer dictionary written twentieth century written eighteenth century knowledge word meanings readily dictionaries change language dictionaries room english dictionary written samuel johnson published johnson spent nearly preparation dictionary lexicographer compiler dictionary imagine moment dictionaries pretend written dictionary english language thinking book extremely helpful decide write english dictionary begin find words put book spend deal listening talk listen words tape recorder helpful instrument part person studies spoken language community society known linguist linguist comes latin word lingua means tongue listened words linguist obtaining firsthand evidence order learn language works firsthand evidence find additional words dictionary
stop enjoy part cultural heritage wrote adventures tom sawyer adventures huckleberry finn short story titled celebrated jumping frog county written author mark twain part story find frog lost race feller took money started going door sorter jerked thumb shoulder dan says deliberate don frog frog smiley stood scratching head looking dan says wonder nation frog throw wonder matter pears look mighty baggy ketched dan nap neck lifted says blame cats don weigh pound turned upside belched double handful shot set frog took feller ketched wonder poor frog couldn win difficulty figuring word pronounce points written story
wheeled pony headed blindly direction rode deeper pine thicket trying avoid snapping twigs watching ahead slightest motion leaf bush show took thin shirt clung damply body wet sweat cobweb veiled face hand tried wipe suddenly watch eyes dancing hind legs nose high air paul stared sun dappled forest eyes burned head deep shadow pines saw blur motion distance lay deer squirrel watch eyes plunged kind glory pursuit paul horse trailing swaying bushes giving chase mirage moved showing quivering leaves moving shadows clump myrtle bushes ahead paul reined scarcely breathe wild beating heart silver flash looked mist sun mist caught sight tail mingled copper silver gazed awestruck phantom tail breathed
nice martin fallen straight slept morning tired wasn things happened quarters cramped strange ground hard bed creatures crawled scurried skin darkness couldn guessed tarantulas dead leaves twigs rustled oddly shiver ran thought snake slithered stiff fear dared move lay awaiting sharp bite poisoned fangs touch scaly skin happened noises bush changed entirely eerie sense activity unseen creatures called boomed lonely note possums squeaked scampered dingo howled foxes barked frogs croaked bird heard screamed pain going sleep night fell creatures wilderness wake busy mysterious affairs starlight bright tilted eyes wolf picture book looked screen saplings heard inquiring sniffs martin hand closed barrel gun moved visitor vanished turning attempt find comfortable position saw ghost floated mid air pale white glowing misty
wonderful sight north scotland causeway bit fine ireland brag john house high cliffs caves tides rushing misty rocky isles seals gather sing worth journey wish hear shore seals catch sight slip sea sing happen north springtime grand sight want missing herring run town wick sight seen forgetting stir commotion folks fishing coast highlands islands pouring town chance share fish harbor full fishing boats loaded shining fish coming going load wonder room tis wonderful sight bide till run folks places homes pockets full money selling fish caught hearts light thought
called dennis shea fondness worth mentioning sunday trouble sooner sunday week starts shame idle creature cried wife mollie fine re setting children night wind whistling round chimney rain slapping window dennis mollie children sitting round fire watching potatoes boil supper tapping door fairy course look fairy looked beggar woman bite passed lips whined tis night fit turn pig faults dennis sure meanness blame brought woman sat stool mollie bade help potatoes woman terrible hunger helped helped till scarcely mouthful left word dennis mollie children sat stared eyes round pennies tis belief saw glint golden dress tears cloak
palmer finished shaving cleaned fashioned straight razor cheery red face full buttons eyes buttons weather beaten lips buttons odd bumps warts forehead chin buttons face form known north england traveling potter lived horse drawn wagon caravan carried goods traveled slowly roads village town stout staff begin beat largest pottery bowls enormous thing brown yellow glaze result sound rich toned chiming bell lift voice chant comes peddler palmer potter bowls pots lots bowls pots covered route traveling night pulling horse bess side road camping place comfortable happy morning cot breakfast finished dishes put bess harnessed oat bag slung beneath cart seat hi bess cried road jumped seat moving van began walking alongside singing story hapless village maiden sad song mind
green winged nest sedge grass edged pools sunny slope riding mountain passing farmer driving creaking ox wagon saw pond usual fringe coarse grass belt low willow poplar tree rushes neighbors flickers poplar saw pool kingdom perfect paradise home flickers chipped glassy shells eggs ten treasures lost look mere interesting things putting air sleeping personality warm vocal lost mate early season disappeared fair suppose dead attention fully nest brood part june tended carefully left seek food covered carefully dummy foster mother breast morning flew leaving dummy charge heard ominous crackling thick willows hand wisely returned neighbor flicker uttering note alarm nest fresh tracks
leader looked thoughtfully momo child asked set heart red gold terrier lhasa momo answered simply head lama saw ago wanted scratched chin fingered turquoise ear sat thinking trying mind finally struck hand table beckoned momo momo stood watching curiously fumbled fold heavy robe women tibet wear heavy woolen robes tie cord waists pull big blouse big pouch folding robe carry repeated drawing hand fold saw held momo caught breath clasped hands hollow big hand held golden puppy fat sleepy young eyes blue looked ball golden fuzz dramatically red gold terrier lhasa ah ah momo sighed mule leader put warm puppy outstretched hands held close laughed puppy licked brown cheek eyes softly blue close
gate justice sat judge cases brought form square center open sky courtyard agreeable place gravel paths pattern bright geranium bushes cedar thin graceful green flame rose corner blue enameled fountain bigger goldfish bowl played paths met pillars white marble horseshoe arches carved curly designs arab writing wall benches witnesses lawyers hurry flowing robes rimless hats shook hands kissed shoulders rubbed cheeks depending knew law students court servants bent low kissed fingers dignified professors swept majestically seats successful members tribe owners green oasis gardens palm groves moved according rules centuries courtroom rose bowed beard snowy turban took seat platform waved genially friends older lawyers especially friendly salute rich important merchant ben merchant seated front row tapping fingers impatiently feels wasting precious minutes dignified company small figure completely overlooked
sheriff messengers north south east west proclaim town hamlet countryside grand shooting match bidden draw bow prize arrow pure beaten gold robin hood heard news lincoln town hastening sherwood forest soon called merry spoke hearken merry news brought lincoln town today friend sheriff nottingham hath proclaimed shooting match hath messengers tell countryside prize bright golden arrow fain win bows shafts shoot say ye lads young david spoke listen pray thee master say straight friend blue boar heard full news match sheriff ralph scar rascally sheriff hath laid trap thee shooting match master stay greenwood meet grief woe quoth robin thou art wise lad thou thine ears open thy mouth shut wise crafty woodsman
days later passed broad open space forest rising hills edge ohio crossing meadow plunged narrow lane cut forest advance guard virginia rangers wood column soldiers foot forested trail wagons carrying supplies toiled open suddenly arose fearful cry dreamed dreaded month marching yell attacking indians midst battle apt blind uproar rolfe heard sudden reports guns thunder british cannon echoing crowded trees wave red coated soldiers broke wagons drew forward fell suddenly army pouring past halted supply train disorder rolfe saw general braddock horse trying turn driving past finally carried horse midst virginia rangers passing dropping slowly bit shelter timothy allen light battle eyes naked red figures slipping trees leather french riflemen david hale broke stream retreat running rolfe stood
phineas remarked father pushing coffee cup carefully wiping ends walrus moustache tend store maybe days mare going mother county seat looked table thirteen son decision phineas taylor barnum stocky broad shouldered lad bursting vitality stopped munching doughnut eyed danced piece news true helped father store charge wonderful yes sir answered respectfully father briskly tale instructions noah drinking don give credit don give widow sweeney cash hand rule circumstances mite unusual seeing apples barrels exchange groceries remember business likely brisk re tend job talk head head shoulders choose don strap hanging barn saturday keen eyes twinkled slightly delivered ultimatum barnum senior citizen town bethel connecticut hitch barnum junior rejoicing unexpected freedom school put hat took father small corner store town greatest resource october chill wind blowing began business father needless extravagance
approaching stupendous scenic wonders grand canyon colorado read amount reading number pictures prepare breath taking beauty hotel stopped located close edge chasm magnificent affair extremely expensive guests finances excellent shape wish ample supply money arriving hollywood engaged conversation wealthy gentlemen guests casually led boast ride bicycle canyon kite string course met deal unbelief heavy witticisms bored look scenery prospect sort sporting event appealed greatly moments collected purse reward succeed set twelve noon hour attempt wanted tires maximum buoyancy canyon looked deep morning managed procure couple miles light string children flying kites getting side canyon presented problem guests private airplane kindly flew
thee wonder thee watch closely thee thyself maria mitchell father standing daughter roof nantucket house looking stars words maria guide maria roof house ninety ships schooners ships ridden wild storms proud ships ready side land quest whales give oil lamps maria dressed boy stole harbor saw wore strange bright colors hair rings ears docks listened weird chanting natives south sea islands mingled spirited songs yankee sailors sat chimney maria heard tragic tales fruitless voyages lives lost storms calms strange lands faraway peoples sky part stories sky island sea sky ship returned island home guided stars dark edged cloud warned storms delays children sailors wives knew field heavens watched dependent maria mitchell father sea taught school loved watch stars
months huge cross country balloon finished fifty feet wide sixty feet high atlantic carried wicker basket underneath passengers underneath boat ballast emergency landings water john wise searched seams rigging danger spots found atlantic fine craft ready float halfway american continent current surge feeling held hands accompany let sail st louis husky tone destination york evening july arrived atlantic ready silken bag bulged illuminating gas pumped street mains st louis gas company mooring ropes creaked groaned hovered impatiently heads thousands gathered watch promptly john wise director chief voyage climbed basket dangling boat took stations listed aeronaut journey scientific observer hyde reporter wore full dress suits high silk top hats john gave signal cut atlantic loose sandbags rose gracefully easily swerved east excited pounding heart john hear tremendous throng ground god bless called crowd john settled wicker basket observe trim bearing noble ship
noah smithwick hunched heavy shoulders january cold turned venison steak battered frying pan cooking fire flickered oak trees banks colorado river texas rangers camped night noah seen plenty trouble lighted kentucky texas age nineteen ago timer frontier age twenty habit noah ate gun watched noticed boys sixteen home bed experience counted noah wiped hands buckskin britches doused fire stepped dark relieve sentry heard stumble brush fall tried pick limp figure woman moaned cried indians noah carried main campfire listened grimly poured story captain week husband brother boys baby heading guadalupe oxcart indians jumped killed took baby prisoner ma ranger captain asked leave indian camp cried indians watched night
fourteen town donkey told locomotive tall young indian tribe donkey struck streetcar seriously hurt animal passed street corner knees fell indian leg died indian leg free limped store corner happened eating banana special nuts hello willie indian knew wasn willie liked call sat counter ordered banana special bad animal saw happened place animal kind automobile buy going buy automobile thinking minutes thought poor idea indian idea crazy didn idea crazy didn idea rich indian wish rich wanting fishing mountains row need equipment kind automobile drive automobile indian
fat miller believe cheers crowd true won soap box derby climbing soapbox racer surprised magical hero cameras flashing clark reporter local newspaper asked statement moment fat couldn speak finally coast crowd saw schoolmates turn look start whispering talking fat knew boys fat miller sports looked longing athletic slow unwilling train found place editor school paper fat longed sports star soap box victory weight counts race newspaperman personally think driver weight chance skinny person fat glanced don white don wanted win place trained derby athletics country races sponsored local newspapers groups hundreds boys entered races home towns
war troy ended ten fighting city troy fallen flames smoke victorious greeks gathered spoils war leaders greeks lived fighting boarded ships set sail home ulysses kings greeks put sea twelve strong ships heart happy going home gods look favor ulysses adventures terrible dangers fell lot lot ship crew left twelve sailed joyfully troy ulysses warned awful dangers meet sea called spoke close island live creatures called sirens sing sailors rowing songs beautiful hears forgets longs island listen forever sirens song sirens lie bones died enchanted singing island stayed listening died want food ulysses took round ball wax cutting pieces sword rolled fingers grew soft
dressed hairy wolf hide boots bound knees leather strings blue eyed moved softly ice sheet afar hollow coughing roar shivered knew beast animals stayed fight cold icy land dreaded mammoth elephant yellow haired ice folk descended continued live land ice sheet started move stayed animals fled southward escape awful glacier order survive ancestors learn think learned clothe cold heavy haired furs later kind felt invented spear hunters meat eaters stone piled stone hut discovered fire flint struck flint reindeer tamed milk wolf brother dog line inventors father blind thought sled poles fastened skin tent grew gliding thing upturned runners crosspieces knotted place leather string horns reindeer fashioned strange thing points horns tied string sinew body wolf
cousin philip art simply talk colleges smallest high schools iowa content say honor students heroes athletics walked cousin philip farm cousin art city fellows river forks big place thousand art told wild west buffalo bill told brave patriotic action war born art imagination moves easily real doings imagined told licking champion prize fighter flight atlantic knows wrong art telling yarn conscience staggers ten miles imagination art stopped bridge des moines river flood week banks bridge uprights covered driftwood rich black mud makes iowa greatest corn country stood willow trees staring water
olden times earth full mystery known imagined strange things forces nature pictured living beings believed regions earth sea sky ruled gods spirits greater tried explain happenings nature lives stories grew gods spirits story phaeton phaeton child sun god apollo lived earth mother forest spirit saw father afar apollo drove car sun skies youth wait longer talk father phaeton important mind left mother home traveled east land sunrise full eagerness hope entered apollo palace halls glittered gold silver precious stones glorious imagination palace sun apollo sat majesty shining chair hand left stood month hours spring stood head covered flowers summer carrying ripened wheat corn autumn fruits icy winter frosty haired sun eye sees noticed youth standing dazzled blinded glitter brightness
seen bright sunlight moon stars felt heavy rain deep jungles africa arching trees entwined heavy vines shut sky sun beat fiercely forest roof lived beneath cool green twilight treeless places seen narrow paths forest animals tribesmen home hut sticks leafy branches pieces bark need build house tribe stayed spot days weather cold african region heavy growth protected tribe rain father wore belt skin giraffelike animal lives africa tribe skin belts important worn sign manhood badge honor hard animal kill jungle legs crossed markings trunk young tree stand pass feet knowing running fleet footed shy absolutely fearless cornered charge number hunter meet death blows hoofs kill
david livingstone woke suddenly shiver running wondered startled sleep dreaming pleasantly home livingstone home ago left serve missionary doctor africa white central part mysterious land david livingstone traveled hundreds miles plains hills desert lately decided settle native village friendly tribe meant stay teach savages sitting bed livingstone pulled mosquito netting looked hut helpers finishing door opening gray dawn call wild bird rattle lizard hurrying ground sounds roar broke silence loud savage livingstone heart gave bound lions night beasts village leaped pens killed cows livingstone felt terror swept sleeping village shouts cries filled air lights lit huts edge settlement fires lit blackness faint light coming doorway hut livingstone saw figure approaching
mountaineers pitched base camp lovely grassy place high mountain valleys india glorious blooms early spring twelve miles north frontier rose highest mountain everest mountain climbed reached field glasses eagerly studied white peak towering feet clouds parts attempt climb let enjoy place re john hunt leader expedition green pleasant spot weeks mountaineers stayed base camp exploring mountains south west everest needed adapt exercise high altitudes needed practice oxygen sets high altitudes oxygen air breathe oxygen live mountaineers supply equipment tank tanks full oxygen carried tubes breathing mask john hunt decided climbers ready weather mid april month half mount everest safe heavy snow wild winds fools attempt climb mountaineers tried ascent failed
lord lady castle dead days horseman rode gates trumpets announced led hall daughter house received lady looked tall child straight black gown barely child gaze steady eyes showed signs tears side stood simon captain arms glaring visitor troubled times lady caller quickly point visit offer shelter castle young maid kinsmen protect lady joins invitation hopes estate home knight speaking gray eyes polite attention thoughts father enemy knew believe kindness sure deceive thank invitation brother returns east remain guard estate need protect exclaimed gray haired giant simon plenty bowmen defend young lord return crusade frowned return
door barbershop opened homer hello uncle ulysses re supposed lunchroom helping uncle ulysses sighed ready leave sheriff cupped hand ear listened noise kind rattle grew louder suddenly car swung town square sheriff barber uncle ulysses homer watched mouths wide open rattled town square slowed shivered stop front uncle ulysses lunchroom wasn car antique strange business built wasn strange business covered large canvas wasn homer sheriff uncle ulysses barber stare car driver boy beard homer head hair barber dollar cutting job saw face asked sheriff answered uncle ulysses staring watched stranger unwind beard steering wheel lunchroom uncle ulysses dashed door going later wait sheriff called hungry homer barber shouted don forget tell news stranger sitting end lunch counter looking shy embarrassed
huge cathedral silent sound scattered footsteps stone floor women kneeling young student galileo rose leave glance fell lamp hanging light lamp order easily drew let swung young watched growing interest galileo noted swinging died swing increased lessened sure watches days hundred ago measure exactly length took swinging object swing heart beat excitedly beat body regular timepiece found absolutely lamp swinging pendulum big clock took large movement small swing regular beat pulse ah pulse beat swinging object swinging object pulse galileo left cathedral hurried home began greatest scientists reflecting regular swinging pendulum lamp started drawing figuring experimenting
big tom lion swayed branch cedar tree sat thud leaped ledge vanished round corner canyon wall looked dog don hair neck stood lion dog trained hunt chasms crags grand canyon uncertain meant track mountain lion photograph kill striding ledge beast round point wall soon spied huge cat tracks dust close base distinct lion trail ahead saw ledge widening level stretch corner don acted queerly close whined growled stop think wanted wanted heat youth wildness adventure gripped fear don front urged slowly soon event forced ledge narrowed edge rock disappeared round corner point shrank flattened wall worked painstakingly appeared easier
lion paused frantic imagination running dismayed hopeless thoughts flashed mind mountain lions cowards cornered escape don haunches backed knees dared look felt hound shaking snarled fiercely feel don knowledge courage pawed ledge grips lion meant death roll ledge save don mounting thought renewed courage physically saved grand spirit struck heart turned leaning wall lifted revolver steadied arm left hand aimed purple eyes timeless revolver crashed blaze terrible eyes winking flame blown leaped lion beating wall heavy thudding paws propel outward ledge space tan figure turned slowly vanish blue depths don whined stared chasm slowly unlocked grip terror staggered steps forward wider part ledge sank unable stand longer
africa vast plateau tableland parts continent plateau rises high sea level small part africa mountainous coasts lowlands places extend inland miles look vegetation map page africa consists deserts known deserts sahara northern africa desert covers half million square miles stretches atlantic ocean red sea largest desert parts sahara covered ridges sand piled wind places ground covered fine pebbles mountains high rocky plateaus drier parts vast wasteland impossible plants animals live parts sahara green fertile areas land called oases areas watered springs streams wells oases large thousands homes northwestern part continent atlas mountains lie sahara sea mountain peaks rise thirteen thousand feet sea level snow covered travel eastward atlas mountains longest rivers nile
living africa hundreds thousands ago writing invented early written records result known present century scientists called archaeologists began trying learn digging carefully earth caves places early stayed archaeologists uncovered ancient tools objects objects help imagine africa ago early peoples early africans obtained food hunting gathering community killed giraffes animals food skins clothing women children gathered berries seeds roots early peoples africa lived small groups families groups traveled place place search hunting grounds early africans build houses shelter lived caves crude shelters tree branches difficult dangerous early peoples africa hunters find food happened died starvation hunters killed wild animals early times knew health care died diseases surprising small number lived africa passed important change began place
early kings egypt extremely powerful laws kingdom kingdom obey king laws commands question reasons egyptian kings power place egypt knew wars fighting kind farms villages destroyed wanted strong ruler prevent wars order egypt system agriculture encouraged development strong rulers rain fell nile valley farmers irrigate crops canals needed carry water nile river fields order build canals large numbers workers required strong ruler sure workers worked irrigation projects nile river helped egyptian kings maintain power valley nile narrow messengers traveling river boat ruler informed happened kingdom reason egyptian kings powerful egypt believed king god thought religious duty obey commands provide needed egypt home civilization egyptians create civilization
africa continent newly independent countries twenty ago independent countries entire african continent countries tenth africa rest continent ruled europeans today forty independent countries africa small part continent european control african countries republics gained independence european rule nations africa republics republic country elect officials pass laws carry business government tanzania elect president elect members country legislature called national assembly botswana republic elect members national assembly assembly elects nation president botswana house chiefs advise government members body leaders main tribes groups country african countries monarchies countries africa monarchies emperor king serves head government lives ethiopia ruled kings emperors thousand country written constitution adopted ethiopia constitutional monarchy emperor head government approve country laws
wanted meet africa peoples travel months africa huge continent population million map opposite page shows africa thinly populated densely populated part continent nile delta nile water irrigation farmlands reason egypt called gift nile intensive farming mining industry parts africa large populations groups live africa centuries groups intermarried africans today mixture peoples traveled africa differences ways live live ancient primitive ways forefathers live thatched huts hunt food bows arrows large numbers africans living live modern houses shops factories offices live northern part africa semites mixture skin varies color white dark brown descendants lived northern africa thousands ago today groups
grasslands africa live differently africans parts continent vegetation map page shows africa covered grasslands large parts grasslands suited raising cattle sheep goats grassland living raising animals raise crops obtain food hunting grassland homes small villages live large cities dakar nairobi imagine traveled helicopter village grasslands lie south sahara young coming typical part africa dark brown negro feet inches tall nose broad lips thick wears loose fitting robe white cotton groups negroes region dark young intermarried north east invites visit village houses hard mud walls pointed thatched roofs look inside houses notice clean furniture house mainly shelter night family sleeps woven straw mats spread hard earthen floor village activities carried outdoors woman cooking food open fire built front hut
africa travel train boat airplane automobile bus ride bicycles horses camels donkeys africans travel foot highways narrow paths forests grassy plains ways africans travel let journey northern part continent southern tip follow route shown map page journey begins morocco northwestern part africa travel car eastward egypt highway takes coast mediterranean sea road pass berbers riding camels horses donkeys carrying articles sold marketplace drive northern africa notice railroad tracks lead large port cities coast lines freight cars filled phosphate rock iron ore farm products railroads africa built mainly carry minerals crops port cities traveling days arrive egypt suez canal important waterways famous canal hundred miles connects red sea mediterranean sea present ships able canal suez canal blocked ships sunk waterway war egypt israel
parts live ancestors hundreds thousands ago america parts living ways ancestors main respect lives differ produce goods seventeenth century goods produced homes farms performed mainly muscle power human beings animals simple tools machines general wind waterpower grinding grain beginning middle eighteenth century important developments occurred goods produced machines invented help things quickly easily steam sources power factories built house machines main developments began england known industrial revolution england textile industry eighteenth century illustrate industrial revolution developed early workers spinning wheels thread workers wove thread cloth result improvement loom weavers began cloth fast provide thread spinning machine developed run waterpower
living earth million met needs communities person meet needs living working happy satisfying order community successful developed ideas ways living call ideas let examine ideas live communities community need order accomplish goals working called cooperation ago hunters cooperate closely protect wild beasts food needed ways cooperation important communities today ways cooperate happen community willing community needs rules guide ways act true kinds rules community rules safer pleasant live community obeyed rules community person group persons rules carried words communities need form government
case study growth petaluma small city california raises issues problems significant petaluma towns areas united states moving towns earlier small isolated surrounding communities taking place large cities east coast united states moving large cities boston york washington live smaller suburban communities movement suburbs occurring united states metropolitan areas cities milwaukee louisville houston atlanta denver phoenix seattle reason movement homes expensive small community large city homes spaced farther living crowded result areas grown include large central cities growing suburbs surround today common united states person live small town small town large city nearby result towns small grown rapidly provide homes communities travel morning return night petaluma california towns petaluma county forty miles sixty kilometers large city san francisco beginning late petaluma commercial center poultry dairy farms county located valley area surrounding petaluma famous growing grapes making wine
large areas global grid system locate places takes spherical shape earth consideration ways global grid similar simple grid figure global grid system examined basic facts earth reviewed earth spherical body spins rotates imaginary axis axis passes center earth intersecting surface opposite points called north pole south pole location poles define cardinal major directions north south earth surface north north pole south south pole direction earth rotation define cardinal directions east west earth turns east west figure equator imaginary line circles earth halfway north pole south pole runs east west direction completely earth equator divides earth equal parts called hemispheres north equator northern hemisphere south equator southern hemisphere equator base lines global grid system set grid lines series circles drawn earth north south equator parallel equator run east west direction lines called parallels latitude parallel latitude labeled according north south equator unit measurement called degree
cases easy determine map map says map means consider map united states public school enrollment appeared chapter figure map symbols states increase enrollment states decrease map shows increases enrollment clustered mainly west region general population growing rapidly suggests factors influencing general population growth influencing school enrollments easy tell map says means arrangement things map complicated easily information simplified issue considered number arrangement blacks cities maps figure examined ask question map map information city indianapolis shows black population census tract indianapolis percentage total population census tract ask map say figure difficult impossible describe arrangement blacks indianapolis arrangement map complex complex information manageable grouped categories similar kind simplifying information easily understood young girl view large white round thing eats entirely small brown square thing mother works low black square thing holds lamp magazines
natural environment human activities occur consists major components air water plant animal land air consists thin layer gases called atmosphere surround earth differences temperature air place place earth surface major influence human activities water found air surface underground forms ice liquid water water vapor water rainfall kinds precipitation plays important role lives plants animal consists living things earth land solid nonliving portion earth includes landforms soils part land actually humans limited thin layer earth deepest wells instance miles kilometers deep natural environment place earth surface result local interaction environmental components means countless numbers local environments identified lesson concept region organize local environments manageable set natural environment regions develop regional scheme important elements environmental component selected differences exist elements place place earth surface finally ways elements combine produce natural environment regions examined temperature major element air component natural environment divided general temperature zones tropics mid latitudes polar regions tropics winter mid latitudes marked summer winter seasons
sunlight began dim hours sunset clean fresh air acquired peculiar density giant black dust cloud approached northwest thousand feet high cloud swept southeast extended straight line eye rolling rumbling wall muddy water hundreds birds flew panic saw dust storm coming fled quickly homes tape windows jam rugs doors cover furniture hang wet sheets rooms wet towels held mouths noses premature total darkness descended homes rattled force storm dust sifted piled beneath keyholes breathing labored gave choking spring southern plains plains mid latitude wet dry natural environment region figures chapter southern plains dust bowl area lies dry margin region area seasonal differences precipitation wide variations precipitation unusual area inches centimeters precipitation inches centimeters inches centimeters average annual inches centimeters variations disastrous effects components natural environment plains frequently swept strong dry winds blow eastward rocky mountains natural conditions plains covered tough grass helped protect soil wind rain
bus run charleston logan west virginia money loser continental bus company company figures costs mile operate route cents mile passengers company reduce service eliminate run altogether passengers charleston logan run poor cars depend bus basic transportation needs board bus roadside ride towns madison charleston logan shop medical care return home mrs john davis find impossible husband diabetic lost leg doctors logan madison bus service afford transportation says cook loss bus service mean home blair friends madison lonely regular passengers fear bus service soon end happens passenger says hurt alaska covers vast area square miles square kilometers population thirds villages towns access roads railways help meet alaska communications needs system developed late utilizes earth orbiting satellite telephone call villages system transmitted radio satellite miles kilometers earth radio signals relayed bartlett earth station toll center anchorage
mid egyptians developed ways grow cotton sugar irrigated nile lowest level crops grown basin land modern methods developed included digging deep wells constructing canals building dams nile river raise level irrigation water immediately annual nile flood large barrage completed cairo round perennial irrigation easier construction dam farther upstream aswan larger aswan high dam completed water nile irrigate million acres million hectares land high dam added million acres million hectares perennial irrigation entire nile valley today middle upper egypt strip land nile fifteen miles twenty kilometers wide cultivated cairo mediterranean sea nile delta river branches nile delta fertile triangular area miles kilometers miles kilometers size live half egypt population ways nile river egypt exist waters means transportation communication irrigation centuries egyptians live ninety percent land desert overwhelming majority crowded narrow nile valley nile delta perennial irrigation methods controlling waters nile resulted tremendous increases farm output
australia zealand overwhelmingly european descent settlers countries europeans australia settled aborigines zealand maoris peoples lived undisturbed late europeans arrived australia settled aborigines ago dark skinned australia southeast asia land bridge existed remained untouched outsiders thousands dutch arrived british explorers traveled australia william dampier james cook european settlement established australia port jackson group convicts british prisons arrived eleven ships captain arthur phillip port jackson part sydney largest city australia today aboriginal population europeans arrived today population mixed descendants aborigines european settlers barely pure aborigines sharp decline number aborigines largely due white settlers killed chased remote areas treated native americans united states blue mountains australia east coast barrier westward migration europeans settled australia appalachians early settlers america found blue mountains eventually movement west began australia population steadily increased spurred discovery gold bathurst south wales development
earth surface thought sheet material result transportation communications systems shrink stretch travel effort reduced earth shrinking travel effort increased earth appears stretch account focuses distance telephone communications attention reshaped terms cost distance human implications reshaping considered transcontinental telephone main line completed united states early placing call country took fourteen minutes needed set call involved operators average needed distance telephone connection cut minutes minutes automatic switching equipment introduced reduced average service minute direct distance dialing system operation needs operator distance calls dialed switched telephone network seconds line graph figure shows telephone distance york san francisco reduced cities growing closer rate seconds difference needed local call needed making distance call direct distance dialing means telephone distance terms friend living country farther friend town
japan lies mountainous chain islands scattered lowland plains figure climate moist cold winters north mild winters south roughly east coast united states northern island hokkaido cold winters mild summers southern island kyushu warmer fortunately japan precipitation comes spring summer growing season crops eighty percent japan covered mountains agriculture short fast rivers flow mountains sea surrounds japan drinking water irrigation production thirds nation electricity rivers transportation seventy percent japanese population lives cities coastal areas largest cluster population highly urbanized area southern shore honshu includes cities tokyo osaka nagoya large cities developed coast reasons lowlands sites japan richest farmland historical cores japanese settlement resources japanese land transported coastal shipping coal deposits kyushu easily shipped industrial centers southeastern side honshu japan depends heavily trade areas cities coast accessible inland country islands japan coastline excellent harbors country huge shipping fleet
hand japanese exports united states costing jobs american workers japanese color television sets shipped united states priced american brands difficult american companies sell color television sets united states competing american companies want higher tariffs smaller quotas japanese goods sold united states help sell american goods united states order head tariffs import quotas japanese companies opening plants united states plants employ american workers corporation opened small color television assembly plant san diego california end employed american workers japanese company able assemble television sets meet demand product united states japanese companies locating united states estimated japan invested billion dollars businesses united states late representatives economic development agencies regularly traveling japan effort convince japanese businesses locate states americans familiar impact japan lives impact united states lives japanese japanese import large amounts food raw materials united states understand extent american influence japan look japanese citizen begins household purely japanese breakfast
dialects languages spoken chinese culture realm china mandarin chinese spoken majority fact speak mandarin chinese native language language mandarin spoken mainly northern central china chinese dialects cantonese min wu spoken parts country non chinese languages spoken autonomous regions despite spoken dialects china single system writing country easier china communicate korean spoken north korea south korea mongolian spoken mongolia chinese culture realm religion freely practiced south korea taiwan hong kong communists power sought erase influence religion china philosophy confucianism developed chinese culture realm based writings confucius lived confucianism emphasizes proper moral conduct stresses respect elders supported existing social order urges followers lead active lives confucianism philosophy religion important effect development chinese national character taoism developed chinese culture realm based writings lao tsu believed contemporary confucius taoism emphasis individual social order emphasized confucianism taoism stresses tranquility peace mind achieved respect understanding nature
mexico poor country poverty especially noticeable countryside millions peasant farmers live land farm poor eat unemployment high result mexicans migrate cities border united states feel families meantime mexico population growing fast expected reach jobs money needed mexico southeastern mexican tabasco large reserves oil found discoveries coast bay campeche oil found feet meters beneath bay beneath jungle onshore discovery oil tabasco farmers money poor discovery oil tabasco look forward making living fact money sale oil benefit entire country mexico exporting barrels oil estimated million barrels exported experts believed late mexico leading oil exporting nations mexico proven reserves billion barrels oil reserves large billion barrels reserves tapped buying habits oil consuming nations change united states big customer mexican oil buy larger amounts
major civilization indian culture realm indus river valley existence contact culture hearth mesopotamia indus society civilization cities based irrigated agriculture area present iran began move indus valley called aryans brought sanskrit language hindu religion realm indus civilization gradually weakened core civilization realm shifted eastward ganges river basin area called hindustan centuries separate kingdoms arose indian culture realm alexander macedonia invaded realm turned indus river century military political leader chandragupta maurya established mauryan empire grandson asoka extended empire cover india asoka greatly influenced prince siddhartha gautama hindu born idle living siddhartha troubled misery gave money jewels dressed beggar began meaning northern india preaching religion called buddhism hundreds millions indian culture realm china japan southeast asia prince siddhartha known buddha seen light decline mauryan empire century invaders poured northern india splitting separate states races languages customs spread realm
family planning questioned thirty nations quarters developing population adopted programs limit population growth programs begun pay south korea colombia thailand indonesia countries significant declines birth rates recent large families desired developing countries lots children makes sense herdsman africa sees children die infancy makes sense tenant farmer india looks extra hands increase family productivity food shortages developed large number african asian countries countries continue rely heavily imported food north america development high yielding rices wheats turn save thought fast growing pest resistant strains rice help indonesian farmer afford buy expensive fertilizer escape desperate hopelessness rural living throngs migrating cities million rural sought cities developing overcrowded cities cairo mexico city lagos swelling thousands jobless arrivals week sharp rise illegal immigration poorer countries richer countries frustrated inability gain ground economically developing nations demanding trade industrialized countries especially united states developing nations say economic growth held treated colonies industrial nations bank leader argues developed nations dependent poor nations supplies markets
noon approach announced wild unrest horses scarcely controllable stall rider afar vapor instinct horror announced stampede animals timid savage hurtling past jaguars flashing nimble stags pampas bulky longer hunters hunted fleet maddened herds cattle heads lowered nostrils snorting rushing tribes loping monkeys chattering dementia terror creeping springing denizens bush steppe big rodents snakes lizards rabble swarmed hill plantation scattered left barrier water filled ditch sped onward river hindered fled bank sight water filled ditch defense measures leiningen prepared advent ants encompassed sides plantation huge horseshoe twelve feet deep dry obstacle beast ends horseshoe ran river formed northern boundary fourth side plantation end nearer house outbuildings middle plantation leiningen constructed dam means water river diverted ditch opening dam able fling imposing girdle water huge quadrilateral river base completely plantation moat encircling medieval city ants clever build rafts hope reaching plantation leiningen concluded
brightness wintry sun morning streamed breakfast table herbert laughed fears air prosaic wholesomeness room lacked previous night dirty shriveled paw pitched sideboard carelessness betokened belief virtues suppose soldiers mrs white idea listening nonsense wishes granted days hundred pounds hurt father drop head sky frivolous herbert morris things happened naturally father wished attribute coincidence don break money herbert rose table afraid turn mean avaricious disown mother laughed door watched road returning breakfast table happy expense husband prevent scurrying door postman knock prevent referring shortly retired sergeant majors habits found post brought tailor bill herbert funny remarks expect comes home sat dinner dare say white pouring beer thing moved hand swear thought lady soothingly say replied thought
writers set tell stories immediately decide point view point view simply means vantage point story told familiar point view omniscient point view word omniscient means knowing story told omniscient point view identifiable narrator story tend think writer characters storyteller omniscient point view enables writer look hearts characters story reveal thoughts feelings omniscient narrator writer tell characters wants familiar story cinderella begin told omniscient point view girl named cinderella cinderella forced servant sleep cinders cinderella treated cruelly wicked stepmother jealous girl looks sweet temper daughters ugly mean story told limited person point view means story narrated stands story sees limited vantage point character point view feel inside character head attention riveted person point view characters thinking feeling cinderella story begin told limited person point view girl named cinderella treated cruelly stepmother
descriptive writing sensory details re create person place object description tells looks describe sounds tastes smells feels touch details descriptive passages produce strong impression evil innocence horror tidiness danger comfort passage carl stephenson story leiningen versus ants describes scene meets hero eyes morning rose sun flat roof house scene dante lay miles direction black glittering multitude multitude rested sated nonetheless voracious ants yes look rustling black throng north river drew boundary hope pass high stone breakwater bank river leiningen built defense inundations paths shorn trees shrubs ground black ants narrative writing relates series connected events actions writers organize events narrative chronological order occasionally find chronological order interrupted flashback past event storytellers paragraphs pure narration writers include descriptive details help action alive paragraphs leiningen versus ants tell happens hero races army flesh eating ants leiningen ran ran equal strides thought sensation dodged trees shrubs split seconds soles touched ground ants opportunity alight
pack going curve suddenly cars cars cars tangle spinning splattering retaining walls upside side inside pieces seams bursting open disks rods wires gasoline spewing yards sheet metal shearing reynolds wrap crumpling baroque shapes ash blue smoke starts seeping ruins thrill begins spread stands newburg sauce put monotony crashes early history culturally important sport originated united states sport ranks gladiatorial games rome piece national symbolism lawrence mendelsohn vision automobile sport crashes cars cars cars cars arena smashing car rest car move amid smoking heap prize money night riverhead raceway west riverhead route amid quaint tranquillity duck turkey farm flatlands eastern island lawrence mendelsohn stood flat truck red neon warm jacket lectured drivers rules niceties game demolition derby cars moved raceway quarter mile stock car track room cars mangle lawrence mendelsohn dream require heats
emily dickinson today considered greatest poets america produced poems published lived bulk poetry published death born amherst massachusetts lived home parents close companionship sister lavinia brother austin lived nearby father edward dickinson independent character mind qualities encouraged children family lived lavinia quoted saying friendly absolute monarchs domain completing education amherst academy emily attended mount holyoke female seminary mount holyoke college short returning home gave writing poetry known poem written valentine increasingly wrote poems letters occasional amazement receivers emily dickinson wrote poems lifetime thirds written period poems written certainly important april dickinson wrote critic thomas wentworth higginson deeply occupied say verse alive asked higginson perceptive reader poetry encouraged publication poems course dickinson higginson encourage publication met higginson visited amherst college drained nerve power wrote wife touching drew glad live
paradox statement reveals kind truth contradictory paradox form figurative language shakespeare created famous paradox play julius caesar cowards die times deaths makes cowardice moral death happen poem paradox sixth stanza poet says dead athlete fleet foot hold cup triumph contradict evidence poem boy dead things think figure speech poet wants imagine place athlete alive memory popular paradox dead lives theme poem paradox paradox death victory purpose paraphrase clarification poem packs deal meaning words paraphrase poem longer poem paraphrase poem sure explain figures speech literally rephrase difficult words paraphrase stanza athlete dying young won race town carried marketplace chair boys stood cheering brought home lifted high shoulders continue paraphrasing poem re finished compare paraphrase poem
chief characteristics poetry language create musical effects earliest known poems greek hebrew psalms fact written accompanied music produced lyre stringed instrument choosing words poets consider musical quality meaning sound reinforce meaning edgar allan poe poetry music combined pleasurable idea hear poe music stanza poem lee principal device poe employs stanza musical rhyme repetition accented vowel sounds succeeding sounds words close words ago sea lee end rhymes rhyming words occur end poetic line exact rhymes words exactly repeat sound forms rhyme encounter section internal rhyme rhyme occurring line approximate rhyme rhyme final sounds words similar identical poets forms repetition rhyme alliteration repetition consonant sounds beginnings words assonance repetition vowel sounds common form repetition refrain recurring phrase entire line stanza refrains especially popular ballads story poems meant sung onomatopoeia musical device poets onomatopoeia occurs sound word imitates suggests meaning
closely music poetry rhythm term rhythm refers regularly recurrent flow motion sound music recognize rhythm regular beat song look closely observe regular pattern breathe walk swim plow fields rhythm talk speech rhythm natural rise fall language alternation stressed unstressed syllables words poets plot consciously rhythm musical devices enhance meaning write line poetry rhythmic pattern say meter poetry meter poetry detect regular beat poets writing english recognized writing beat makes emotional impact readers listeners poems explore popular metrical forms english iambic pentameter past century poets experimented important departure meter free verse poetry read controlled regular metrical pattern strong rhythms natural speech musical devices rhythm appreciated hear poem read aloud try reading poems aloud study discover pleasure rhythm language
theater written attend today resembled call stadium outdoors plays presented daylight hours greeks careful choosing sites theaters built hillsides preferably slight slope provided natural semicircle amphitheater seats built rows earth stone wood provide arena base plays performed area base called orchestra orchestra named place chorus chanted danced place actors performed raised stage later roman times acoustics theaters fine trouble hearing highest rows seats sound amplified large masks actors wore chanting chorus helped carry sound aid viewing actors wore oversized padded costumes boots raised soles add height masks oversized exaggerated features seen clearly large distances orchestra painted wall called word scenery comes word actors entered exited actors masked padded moved stately controlled fashion think actors performing stately ritual compared acting realistic acting style today theater chorus strike artifical chanting dancing add feeling ritual
death hundred sixty ago regarded greatest writer english language express language unsurpassed richness beauty writer understood human concerns joys fears hopes passions weaknesses common ages facts known april early part queen elizabeth reign william born stratford avon small market town country william oldest son john prosperous stratford mary arden daughter gentleman age eighteen william married anne hathaway daughter nearby farmer children born left stratford london twenty firmly established actor playwright later full sharer profits acting company known lord chamberlain company thirty generally considered excellent writers tragedy comedy stage thirty masterpieces romeo juliet tragedy midsummer night dream comic farce fantasy mixture comedy satire early chamberlain moved theater built specifications south london plays performed theater called globe tragedy julius caesar
julius caesar foremost roman influence rome say powerful known born prominent family career close centers power led active young banished rome unpopular marriage pardoned decided prepare political career studying oratory rhetoric usual training public rhodes study captured pirates ransom paid caesar manned ships set pursuit pirates overtook overcame executed returned rome set systematically win favor caesar spent sums money popular rewarded succession high offices high offices cement relationship raised persons positions wealth power marcus brutus caesar brilliant military strategist conquests britain popular gained loyalty army favors gifts unpopular political allies jealous united pompey enemies roman senate pass resolution commanding caesar disband army return rome private citizen caesar refused comply marched rome army members force stop deserted commander pompey joined caesar army
kino nodded juana spoke softly father married kino looked neighbors confirmation nodded heads solemnly priest pleasant thoughts thoughts god bless children turned left quietly let kino hand closed tightly pearl glancing suspiciously evil song ears music pearl neighbors slipped houses juana squatted fire set clay pot boiled beans flame kino stepped doorway looked smell smoke fires hazy stars feel damp night air covered nose thin dog threshed greeting windblown flag kino looked didn broken horizons cold lonely felt unprotected scraping crickets tree frogs croaking toads carrying melody evil kino shivered drew blanket tightly nose carried pearl hand tightly closed palm warm smooth skin heard juana patting cakes put clay cooking sheet kino felt warmth security family song family purring kitten
juana dragged rocks edge water face dull pain side ached steadied knees wet skirt clung anger kino meant things juana meant half insane half god meant kino drive strength mountain plunge strength sea juana woman soul knew mountain stand broke sea surge drowned thing half insane half god juana need live puzzled differences woman knew accepted needed course follow question quality woman reason caution sense preservation cut kino save climbed painfully feet dipped cupped palms waves washed bruised face stinging salt water creeping beach kino flight herring clouds moved sky south pale moon dipped strands clouds juana walked darkness moment light bent pain head low line brush moon covered looked saw glimmer pearl path rock
book sea cortez john steinbeck narrates experiences based pearl part sea log opens steinbeck reached harbor town la mexico city calls beautiful comparison proud thing born la cloud delight hangs distant city pearl center robes spanish kings stoles bishops rome stiff pearls la magic carpet sound anyway city cities west venerable eyes indians gulf busier say gayer la gulf gulf ports unfriendly colonization attempts settlement stick humans wanted peninsula la pearl oysters drew concentrations natural wealth terrors greed let loose city event happened la recent typical places indian boy accident found pearl size unbelievable pearl knew need pearl ability drunk wished marry number girls happy pearl lay salvation advance purchase masses sufficient pop purgatory squeezed watermelon seed
known britons celtic original inhabitants britain conquered romans century part roman empire evidence occupation exists familiar place names ending caster chester local version latin word camp castra roman legions required home protect capital peoples britain left unprotected fell prey raiding looting neighbors continent according tradition band north german plain crossed north sea britain settled county kent jutes peninsula jutland denmark germanic invaders jutes angles saxons britons match invaders retreat mountains moors struggle legendary king arthur leader celtic driven wales germanic tribes brought common language ancestor present english called english anglo saxon created anglo saxon england angleland lasted normans led william duke normandy successfully invaded conquered country anglo saxon period england unified country today land divided separate kingdoms important kent wessex centuries period anglo saxons compelled organize resist invasions vikings norsemen called danes king alfred wessex able unite force danes northeast part england
william caxton england printer geoffrey chaucer worshipful father founder ornate eloquence english perceptive praise today chaucer acclaimed father english poetry father english fiction short father english literature addition indebted vivid contemporary description fourteenth century england affairs letters chaucer development closely paralleled development born family belonged rising middle class obtained father successful wine merchant position page household closely court king edward iii mastery latin french italian addition diplomatic civil service enabled translate literary works languages important factor development writer court favorite chaucer rose quickly twenty served soldier france captured ransomed king served country loyally courtier diplomat civil administrator translator entrusted important delicate diplomatic missions traveled occasions france italy journeys abroad played important role literary intellectual development subsequently served comptroller customs port london member justice peace clerk works westminster abbey tower london finally forester king forests fact highly valued public servant fortunate enjoy patronage influential john duke lancaster uncle king richard ii
remarkable poem exists manuscript british museum written chaucer lost rediscovered published idea author dialect wrote thought northerner general agreement poem english medieval romances surpasses greatness poetry period chaucer writer familiar aristocratic gentleman attached aristocratic household poem continues device earlier period written present translator calls stanzas unequal length ends bob wheel bob short line syllables wheel rhymed lines bob wheel line stressed syllables variable number unstressed story begins wonderful christmas season party king arthur court camelot young king reluctant eat adventure appeared standing place rides gigantic green knight armed huge ax offers submit blow ax return blow sir gawain knights accepts challenge chops head stranger coolly picks head mounts horse reaffirms bargain rides camelot sober place november sir gawain arms prays sets fatal mission
john seventeenth century poets wrote style inspired similar called metaphysical poets term coined samuel johnson eighteenth century critic hint john dryden dryden poems affects metaphysics perplexes minds fair sex nice speculations philosophy metaphysics dryden meant speculations basic principles governing realms knowledge johnson idea observing metaphysical poets fond displaying obscure specialized learning poems talk verbal wit learning expressed poetry followers dr johnson found combination dissimilar images discovery occult resemblances things apparently unlike heterogeneous ideas yoked violence dryden dr johnson liked metaphysical poets thought writers concerned showing clever eighteenth century followers largely unread twentieth century influence eliot modern poets metaphysical poets rediscovered readers twentieth century seen metaphysical poets tendency express elaborate images called arguments genuine attempt confront complications violence tension dr johnson rightly perceived drawing dissimilar ideas seen source positive expressive energy metaphysical poets extensive paradox apparent contradiction turns close inspection yield valuable perception poems tend written lines unequal varying length rhythms reflect irregular unpredictable movements active mind informal speaking voice
milton greatest writer seventeenth century giants english literature literary career dominant historical movements renaissance reformation combine receive intense intelligent expression towers age shakespeare towers elizabethan age chaucer towers medieval period milton born london education began st paul school showed beginning prodigious talent mastering ancient languages literatures greek latin hebrew distinguish cambridge university graduated entered ministry completing formal studies milton decided fully equipped capable performing retired father country house buckinghamshire read virtually read ancient modern writing poetic compositions occasionally period intense private study wrote called comus request aristocratic family lived nearby wrote finest pastoral elegy english lycidas tragic death cambridge friend classmate basically period milton preparing ambitious undertakings religion politics poetry left england complete education travel europe returned home late england verge civil war milton ardent puritan heart christian religion individual relation god
saw dream wilderness presently saw town town vanity town fair called vanity fair vanity fair town lighter vanity sold cometh thither vanity saying wise cometh vanity fair erected business thing ancient standing show original thousand pilgrims walking celestial city honest persons legion companions perceiving path pilgrims city lay town vanity contrived set fair fair sold sorts vanity fair merchandise sold houses lands trades places honors titles countries kingdoms pleasures delights sorts wives husbands children masters servants lives blood bodies souls silver gold pearls precious stones whatnot fair times seen juggling cheats games plays fools apes knaves rogues kind seen thefts murders false fairs moment rows streets proper names wares likewise proper places rows streets countries kingdoms wares fair soonest found
loved praise brought proud seek susceptible flattery general unconfined studies considered master science accumulated vast collection learning knowledge arranged mind readiness brought superiority learned consisted chiefly called art thinking art mind continual power seizing substance knew exhibiting clear forcible manner knowledge lumber dull understanding true evident actual wisdom moral precepts practical drawn intimate acquaintance human nature maxims carry conviction founded basis common sense attentive minute survey real mind full imagery perpetually poet remarkable rich prose respect pieces general splendor distinguished strong sentiment acute observation conveyed harmonious energetic verse heroic couplets grave awful possessed uncommon peculiar powers wit humor frequently indulged colloquial pleasantry merriment enjoyed company advantage entirely free poisonous tincture vice impiety salutary shared
later determinants romantic age looking main features period think moment words romantic romanticism names apply broad periods literary cultural history misleading especially true romantic age romanticism word romance originally referred highly imaginative medieval tales knightly adventure written french derivative original roman romance language latin tales involved encounters knight lady partly responsible modern meanings romance romantic speak romantic age word romantic older sense referring indirectly interest charming magical medieval romance generally rich imaginative activity played deeply characteristic late eighteenth early nineteenth century writers avoid confusion remember romance freely imaginative idealizing fiction romance love women true basis terms romantic age romanticism chief characteristics romantic age defined contrast eighteenth century age swift pope johnson eighteenth century writers stressed reason judgment romantic writers emphasized imagination emotion eighteenth century writers characteristically concerned general universal experience romantic writers concerned eighteenth century writers asserted values society romantic writers championed individual human eighteenth century writers sought follow substantiate authority rules derived authority romantic writers strove freedom
charles lamb greatest essayists romantic age distinguishes essays especially whimsical delicacy prose personal charm observations lamb confessed letter wordsworth felt home city wild nature beloved fellow romantics passed days london formed intense local attachments mountaineers dead nature subjects lamb essays drawn richness london shows romantic imagination find stimulus society wordsworth called beautiful permanent forms nature lamb characterized astounding combination quiet normalcy shocking tragedy son legal clerk lamb attended famous christ hospital school coleridge student left school age fifteen took position clerk enormous commercial firm called east india house lamb hold job tragedy struck twenty older sister mary close broke stress caring invalid parents fit insanity stabbed mother death lamb crushed took full responsibility seeing mary confined asylum release taking care rest subject recurrent attacks insanity mary able live normal brother enjoyed london social events books theater art
robert browning thought today important victorian poet tennyson career appreciated readers younger generation contemporaries browning adventurous experimental poet verse open possibilities younger victorians felt tennyson traditional subjects forms end career browning revered wide range readers insisted making voice wise reassuring optimism browning societies sprang england america study message writing browning realized meaning poetry evasive complicated organized admirers prepared allow browning born camberwell comfortable attractive suburb miles central london father official bank england read cultivated browning attended boarding school tutored home ancient modern languages music horsemanship read constantly father excellent library spent hours looking italian renaissance paintings art gallery half hour walk house browning mother close gentle loving woman strong religious convictions browning spent early comfortable cultivated family environment married age thirty established independent parents browning began writing poetry early age according recollection barely wrote poem hid sofa cushion
victorian age produced number fine women poets met robert browning married elizabeth barrett known poet courtship wrote series forty celebrating love showed poems browning marriage immediately insisted published private nature deliberately misleading title portuguese elizabeth translated poems language browning thought finest language shakespeare judgment understandably exaggerated possess fervent arresting eloquence remind elizabethans view finest woman poet victorian era christina sister dante gabriel character poetic temperament christina dante gabriel completely christina devout adherent formal tradition church england feelings frustration loss rejected proposals marriage thought conflicted christian duty volume goblin market poems reflects pre interest stylistic simplicity poems display unique lyric intensity finely wrought products sensibility shaped painful difficult sacrifice amazing writers nineteenth century emily bronte raised small isolated village northern england contact children families emily joined sisters anne charlotte writers brother artist creating exotic childhood fiction
strickland vows months service rigid mental discipline fact wife fellow fell love tried poison arsenic school keeping quiet miss riding tried flirt forced trot carrying blanket hearing word temper porch policeman especially abused recruited village worse young called pig making quickly compensations obtained insight ways thefts says summarily convicted half population punjab business leading players knucklebones play waiting government house gaiety theater nights learned smoke tobacco fourths cow dung heard wisdom grizzled government houses words valuable saw things amused states honor appreciate simla properly till seen sais point view says chose write saw head broken pieces strickland account agony endured wet nights hearing music seeing lights toes tingling waltz head horse blanket amusing
rest story need action need telling imaginations lazy dependence ready mades reach downs romance keeps stock happy endings misfit stories history eliza called romance records exceedingly improbable common achieved hundreds resolutely ambitious young women nell set playing queens fascinating kings theatre began selling oranges directions assumed reason heroine romance married hero unbearable drama acted thoughtless assumption spoiled true sequel patent sense human nature general feminine instinct eliza telling higgins marry asked announcing considered decision bachelor interests dominates teaches important spinster higgins eliza character capable considers seriously play bachelor wife especially interested marriage determined devoted woman capture set resolutely decision depend deal free choose depend age income end youth security livelihood marry marry provide
war removed interest literary critics fiction sociological novels wells bennett galsworthy fixed interest novels novelists kind looking outward society novelists tended look describe happening minds characters virginia woolf novelists brilliant woman attack bennett bring illusion true point view bennett weak virginia woolf weak outward relation characters society literary fashion london general european movement insisted fiction significance explore depths recesses personality revealing unending stream impressions feelings thoughts showing fewer telling master method finally carried extreme lies proper james joyce genius especially ulysses questioned stature influence novelist overestimated joyce regarded kind humorous prose poet astonishing passion knowledge language master words forster published novels war finest passage india arrive twenties stands older sociological novelists easier enjoy describe cares broad picture society
twentieth century writers full advantage range possibilities offered spoken language nineteenth century writers interested aspect language feeling lingered end century informal spoken english entirely respectable instance wordsworth admired simplicity directness rural speech believed literary purposes purified meant dialect expressions grammatical departures standard english avoided language wordsworth poetry simple direct unquestionably standard written english country dialect dickens delicately refrained assigning dialect speech humblest heroes heroines today prejudice nonstandard english literature practically disappeared partly due concern realism accurate detail marks writing present century due greater part increasing democratization society growing belief individual worth depend born social class irish writers employ spoken english preference standard literary english poets playwrights irish nationalist movement deliberately tried free literary dependence england writers yeats synge frequently turned irish folklore irish peasantry themes language writers later generation james joyce frank connor tended write directly experience contemporary irish settings current speech tendency write experience develop written style based spoken language characteristic twentieth century english literature
luigi born picturesque sicilian town modern medieval primitive economy living conditions social relationships sicilian marked quarrels violence revenge provide local color stories captive sicily received elementary secondary education going university rome stayed transferring university bonn germany father wealthy owner sicilian sulfur mines meantime promised marriage daughter business partner girl seen ten couple lived happily rome dowry rich parents maintain comfort continued writing poetry short stories periodicals happy period end elder sulfur mines flooded ruined leaving impoverished late thirties teacher italian literature teacher training school rome position held twenty despite additional trouble wife insanity brought part abrupt financial reversal continued writing eventually producing hundred short stories fifty plays novels international reputation depends plays known characters search author think approach fiction humorous ironic philosophical profoundest concern nature nature existence thinks
history western art reaches continuous line ancient egyptians ago attempt find beginning modern art bound settle arbitrary starting point continuous history art fact contemporary art presents highly distinctive unique seeing art especially true forms contemporary art trace seeing things part century view forms basis called modern art began period immediately heyday impressionism roughly concerns modern art emerged call post impressionism artists involved development modern art grounded theories light color impressionism artists rejected impressionists insistence response nature ways post impressionists interposed sort structure nature picture presented organized view reality expressed mainly conscious design elements bridge plate georges seurat exhibits duality painting seurat tiny dots contrasting complementary colors render quality light scene color interest effects light derive impressionism imposed impressionists intuitive palette highly systematized concept color relationships based scientific theories optics artistic canons beauty
young troubles learned longer matter kind troubles finally run tradition background training taught coward runs nonsense taught difference courage foolhardiness leaving find learned finally sense born deer warning dangers story tell happened truth impressed run troubles dangers truly learn earlier later don run fools confided friend louise schoolmate age troubles problem wanted spring holiday country simple nice course expensive tell liked send word interesting happening loved getting letters hated answering knew place tell louise genius making improbable persons places situations sound attractive
sight house women gave extraordinary happiness known seen thousand lights hundred weathers seen harsh bare light wintry gray brown frosted stubble earth seen green luring sorcery april felt house lived tenderness feel children length picture lives carved sharply heart felt knew lives completely hour moment resolved service ended find speak lives wrought engineer stepped train station platform town women lived rail ended pensioned servant company engineer walked slowly station streets town strange seen town walked sense bewilderment confusion grew town passed ten thousand times houses seen high windows cab unfamiliar disquieting city dream perplexity spirit increased presently houses thinned straggling outposts town street faded country road women lived
century decade ceased wild beasts cezanne dead paintings ideas alive young artists seen paris retrospective excited ideas suggested works master major figure young took heart advice nature cylinder sphere cone side object plane directed central point style concept art born extremely dangerous pinpoint artist art origin style pablo picasso les demoiselles avignon plate generally credited triggering visual revolution known cezanne statement implied heavy reliance geometric form painting demoiselles structured entirely geometric principles points clearly direction cezanne dictum heads picture derive part picasso interest african sculpture fit geometric scheme geometric organization central artistic idea shown strict adherence nature successfully abandoned view picture organized entirely terms color cubists hand felt provide sufficiently solid structure color formal problems argued initially limited palette greens gray blues cezanne stressed geometric aspect shapes severely restricted amount depth picture
coffee ready drank seated folding bed munched pieces cake led arab shed showed faucet washed room folded blankets bed bed put room order classroom terrace sun rising blue sky soft bright light bathing deserted plateau ridge snow melting spots stones reappear crouched edge plateau schoolmaster looked deserted expanse thought hurt didn want hear farewell knowing felt strangely empty vulnerable moment side schoolhouse prisoner coughed listened despite furious threw pebble whistled air sinking snow stupid crime revolted hand contrary honor merely thinking smart humiliation cursed arab arab dared kill managed walked circle terrace waited motionless schoolhouse arab leaning cement floor shed washing teeth fingers looked room ahead prisoner
renaissance artistic rebellions generally undertaken realism basically position caravaggio paintings attacked lack taste sixteenth century italian peasants dirty feet models religious pictures saints twentieth century dadaists rebelled realism attacked lack taste dadaists differed earlier rebels purposely set upset established rules art social behavior wanted words acts bad taste end held performances called happenings called consisted inane skits meaningless acts random occurrences chance absurdity main dada motifs middle class supposed confronted bankruptcy foolishness cherished values especially firm belief superiority reason jean leading figure group wrote dada wished destroy reason discover order shocked outraged middle classes hoped forced face reality unfortunately dadaists middle classes delighted outraged furious meaningless acts dada generally deal wit frequently amusing pieces marcel bride plate seen ironic commentaries absurdity subject matter social convention art worst enjoyed history taste similar absorption dada works kurt mit plate ranks high contemporary canon taste
customary begin study short stories element plot plot organized pattern events story plot simple straightforward dangerous game plot complicated action follow occasionally plot structured lead ingenious surprise end famous surprise ending gift magi stories plot important element readers reading find happen stories characters primary importance generally story focuses main character jess enoch samantha goose fully depicted pacing goose eliza center action element point view point view camera movie lens reader view action cask told person point view central character story stories told person point view action seen objective observer merely records happens stories told knowing narrator tells happens characters think feel story point view story setting place actions settings strange exotic ship trap island dangerous game settings familiar ordinary neighborhood summer reading finally short stories excite amuse
closing drugstore alfred higgins white jacket putting coat getting ready home gray haired sam carr owned drugstore bending cash register alfred higgins passed looked softly moment alfred moment soft confident quiet sam carr spoke alfred start button coat nervously felt sure face white sam carr night brusquely looking months working drugstore alfred heard employer speak softly heart began beat loud hard breath carr asked maybe things pocket leave sam carr things talking compact lipstick tubes toothpaste pocket alfred mean think crazy alfred face red knew looked fierce indignation sam carr standing door blue eyes shining bright glasses lips moving underneath gray mustache nodded head times alfred grew frightened didn say slowly raised hand dipped pocket eyes meeting sam carr eyes took blue compact tubes toothpaste lipstick laid counter
chickens safe henhouse chicken coops house put windows wind lifted curtains ceiling windows grandmother kitchen porch wanted watch clouds seen bigger blacker low earth sure touching ground wanted wind trees corn grass rain fell drops blown edge porch wind felt cool touched face want run yard rain quickly heavily wind porch pushed house thunder roared flashes lightning bennie bennie grandmother called inside set set big chair room want goin set rocker stay big chair fireplace sat set leave door open tried thinking happen grandmother spells fireplace fireplace wet water stood drops looked tears face stood looked awhile sat big chair
narration storytelling paragraph narration story series events actions paragraph story order incidents clear logical action leads natural natural order series events chronological order naturally occur story begins paragraph begin arouses curiosity anticipation interest aroused alert details actions readier draw conclusions reading narration demands special alertness readiness draw conclusions author simply tells happened leaving form opinion character characters involved actions show paragraph dangerous game captures tension hunt note sentence arouses anticipation note carefully sequence events conveyed minute mind worked frantically thought native trick learned uganda slid tree caught hold springy young sapling fastened hunting knife blade pointing trail bit wild grapevine tied sapling ran hounds raised voices hit fresh scent rainsford knew animal bay feels narratives frequently include dialogue dialogue speakers advances action story note dialogue tom edison shaggy dog creates vivid impression characters carries plot forward yes bullard rounding hour lecture lost fortunes
minarets numerous hundred quarter giving sense protection serenity characteristic islamic religion fez lies city silence makes illustration bible draped figures varicolored age weight secret sketched child learned drawing landscape moved wind women faces hidden item veils faces hidden bent perfection dynamic activity lies skill incredible creative activity hands hotel high fez palace vizier entire city terrace hotel added ancient visited room encrustations gold ceiling favorite room garden deep rose red rugs carpet flowers persian fairy tales dark sumptuous bed shell headpiece encrusted copper mother pearl exhaling perfume copper myriad eyed lamps diffusing soft jeweled light pillows damask silk low ornamentation enriched lovingly carved wood stucco meticulous tile cabinet deep ample favorite jewels fez maze guide born ancient city find streets built narrow originally coolness relentless sun ninth century streets yard half wide
storekeeper remember youth shortly ill spending portion group varied ethnic ancestry contended customs country saturday forays neighborhoods prove americans ate hot dogs drank cokes boy didn ten cents repast hungry dared bring sandwich home spiced meats families ate untamed games seek owner pushcart store unmistakably immigrant bedevil chorus insults jeers prove allegiance gang reserve fiercest storekeeper peddler belonging ethnic background reason led raid small shabby grocery short sinewy greek walked slight limp flaring handlebar mustache stood store dared emerged battle plucked plums peaches baskets sidewalk retreated street eat watched waved fist hurled epithets ornamental greek aware mettle tested raised arm threw half eaten plum aim accurate plum struck cheek shuddered put hand stain stared street eyes felt sear flesh turned walked silently store
speak tones voice angry thoughtful joking tired tone shows speaker mood emotion words poets speak variety tones tone poem shows speaker attitude subject audience results parts poem working shifts mood poets generally aim uniformity tone diction choice words affects tone words ladies gentlemen convey tone guys dolls automotive mechanic says car repair statement measure respect car owner compare tone statement tone carried words car falling imagery affect tone instance describing food cafeteria details select help convey attitude images sizzle frying chicken aroma fresh strawberries convey altogether feelings images overripe tomato slice wilted lettuce leaf cold hot dog stale bun sounds words poem help shape tone repetition seen emphatic hypnotic haunting emotional effect devices alliteration assonance onomatopoeia help communicate poet attitude subject audience rhythm words affect tone rhyme lack rhyme poem tightly controlled rhythm rhyme scheme creates formal tone poem imitates rhythms ordinary speech sentence structure color tone poem
mesopotamia word means rivers greeks ancient region middle east covered generally greater part present iraq east west occupied valley tigris rivers extended banks northern limits formed mountains asia minor southern limits persian gulf rivers formed delta flowing sea modern americans mesopotamia known regions historically richest fascinating mesopotamia called cradle civilization writers genesis page garden eden earthly paradise tigris euphrates valley patriarch jewish abraham led family flocks direction promised land mesopotamia descendents days babylonian captivity north mesopotamia mount noah ark aground west eastern shore mediterranean land phoenicians traders seamen transmitted eastern shore mediterranean birthplace jesus christ lie sites sacred judaism christianity south west arabian peninsula arabian desert holy city mecca birthplace islam east vales mountains known aryans moved east india west persia giving region iran east desert hills iranian plateau religion arose fabled city samarkand home fourteenth century mongol conqueror
athens checkered political history monarchy gave democracy replaced tyranny democracy fore aristocratic faction decisively defeated common timely athens greece brink desperate struggle outcome affect course history greek populated cities asia minor revolted overlord persian emperor darius received help mainland greece darius resolved conquer mainland greece revenge diverted goal conquest darius ordered dined servant repeat times sire remember athenians successors shared darius ambition persian wars began ended hostilities erupted persians finally abandoned aim farewell hope establishing europe stage war persians entered athens virtually destroyed city run greater adaptability ingenuity greeks wore persian goliath splendid beginning age greek history marked glorious victory athenians marathon glorious stand handful spartans thermopylae ten later greek city states main beneficiary wars athens acted vigorously wartime leader subsequently chief naval power athens proceeded run double harness policy democracy home economic penetration imperialist expansion abroad conspired induced enhance prestige athens
rome conquered greece captivated greek art culture romans practical preferred real ideal especially portraits roman desire exact likeness portrait statues due wax ancestor images death masks marble portrait shown plate help mask making impression wax plaster details likeness transferred stone notice sculptor revealed individual traits face unsparing realism giving forceful portrait stern roman augustus sculptors copied adapted greek works developed imperial roman style distinguished grace elegance official portraits augustus based statues greek gods marble head augustus plate part statue strikingly figure greek god shown plate intended suggest idealized romans conquered built impressive public buildings basic types roman architecture amphitheater basic design churches basilica oblong structure curved end large hall law courts ancient rome arched structure called vault roofed immense spaces halls basilica constantine plate vaults side aisles stand feet high pieces jutting top magnificent ruin supported central vault feet high unskilled labor romans built vast structures brick rubble held cement
persons looking enveloped front side escaped nearest place safety found possession flames places thought reach plight rest knowing turn avoid poured roads threw fields lost food means escape open preferred perish love dear save dared check flames threatened forced extinguish openly flung torches saying orders wanted plunder undisturbed moment nero return city flames approaching mansion built connect palatine gardens stopped palatine including palace consumed nero assigned campus relief fugitive houseless multitude threw open gardens put temporary buildings accommodation destitute brought provisions ostia neighboring towns reduced price corn sesterces peck popular measures aroused gratitude rumor abroad moment city flames nero mounted stage house likening modern calamities ancient sung tale sack troy
china ancient civilization attained continuity artistic accomplishment unparalleled west chinese art exquisitely subtle sophisticated western art crude comparison ancestor worship important factor chinese culture order placate spirits ancestors provide needs prehistoric chinese developed elaborate funeral rituals involving human sacrifice bloody burials ancient shang chou rulers magnificent bronze vessels tombs nobles favorite horses retainers ceremonial bronzes represent culmination development bronze casting perfection form mastery technique unsurpassed bronze ting shown plate tripod fire heat food looking carefully decoration mask called glutton later periods statuettes substituted human animal sacrifices figurines found tombs ang dynasty give vivid picture chinese birds camels merchants acrobats dancing girls musicians modeled clay painted glazed bright colors dignified chinese lady shown plate typical ang white yellow green word porcelain marco polo describe wares saw court kublai khan olive green bowl carved dragons plate special type porcelain called popular eastern rulers believed reveal presence poison cracking
arabs semitic home arabian peninsula largely sheltered impact events arabs southeast persian influence northwest exposed roman jewish egyptian influences ethiopian colonies existed southwest part peninsula christian era earlier times early thriving arab kingdoms south west prospering trade egypt india kingdoms fell decay overland trade route north developed arabs farmers urban dwellers remaining commercial centers nomads ancient tribal tradition traveling arid landscape flocks lived nomad awareness mystery majesty nature insignificant part awareness appears arabic poetry imagery political unity religious orthodoxy arabia fifty arabs acquired religious political unity embarked conquests conversions carry north africa spain southern france north west constantinople east persia northern india enterprise stemmed growth islam called west prophet mohammed began public ministry gathering small group close followers religion preached revealed religion judaism christianity purports final extension mohammed claimed receive teachings morals law ethics doctrine direct god
fifteenth sixteenth centuries portuguese navigators began probing shorelines africa voyaging exciting thing happening voyages discovery single factor bring tremendous affected europe period europe trading east times crusades eleventh twelfth centuries demand exotic spices woods cloths east brought prosperity traders merchant speculators especially living venice italian towns situated east rest europe capture constantinople turks temporarily barred mediterranean route east consequence portuguese spaniards looked enviously growing wealth splendor italians set find east effort successful dreamed led route east tip africa discovery hitherto unknown continents americas untold riches booty story opening vast territories step process bring involvement ill period increasing degree history nation region find place global history mankind lure voyaging reflected account written richard tells fascination voyaging fantastic wondrous space explorations age
literature received inspiration exciting ranging intellectual ferment renaissance encouragement developments created larger audience writers invention printing spread education court wealthy aristocrats chief patrons secular literature prosperous middle class making felt readers printed books audiences public theaters poorer classes sense patrons arts consequence professional writer emerged phenomenon period fiction drama enriched influences popular culture poetry chief literary arts period produced astonishing number competent poets high quota truly key approach renaissance poets art craftsmanship writing poetry latin classical models translation english classical latin poetry prominent part training schools poetry accomplishment education culture acquire hobby henry viii england daughter elizabeth left tolerable poems hardheaded cold eyed machiavelli wrote poems verse drama artist michelangelo wrote number earn poet variety quantity lyric poems produced renaissance sonnet easily conspicuous italian humanist poet francesco page known english petrarch inspiration wide popularity dante form
remained home tranquilly couple weeks giving sign desire repeat madness pleasant conversations friends barber point raised effect needed knights errant revival chivalry occasionally contradict give means artifice carry conversation don quixote bringing powers bear farmer lived title applied poor wits head short pleas promises hapless rustic agree ride serve squire things don quixote told willing telling adventure occur win island farmer left governor result similar assurances sancho panza forsook wife children consented duties squire neighbor don quixote set raise money selling thing getting worst bargain finally scraped reasonable amount asked friend loan buckler patched broken helmet advised squire sancho hour road told laying supply things forget saddlebags
paradise lost john milton goal purpose scarcely boy decided destiny write poem glory god prepared wide intensive study learned craft poetry english latin milton known poet misgivings let deflected literature answer call civic religious duty english civil wars began milton served puritans hoped overthrow double tyranny national church monarchy establish purer religion true free christian republic service important diplomatic post cromwell government milton disillusioned orthodoxy oppressive afflicted rapidly failing eyesight early forties totally blind restoration stuart monarchy destroyed milton worked hoped blind defeat permitted enemies live obscurity country cottage twenty miles london milton completed poem felt god wanted learning religious convictions poetic genius poured ten thousand verses poetry dictated aloud daughters completion paradise lost milton write major works later short epic christ temptation sacrifice paradise regained classical tragedy testament story samson greek word champion samson milton seen reflections
close sixteenth century inspiration italian art running dry paintings leading artists tended highly mannered overly decorative fresh talent wholly point view badly needed fortunately soon abundantly supplied young artist arrived rome known caravaggio birthplace northern italy set caravaggio paintings contemporaries uncompromising earth realism pictures religious subjects commissioned churches caravaggio included likenesses ordinary observed streets equally startling dramatic light shadow italians called chiaroscuro light dark portrait de plate sharp contrasts brilliant light deep shadows merely routine portrait suit armor superb piece realistic painting steals show main subject portrait elderly gentleman posed costume grand master order knights malta caravaggio unusual style impressed young flemish painter named peter paul rubens rome study masterpieces renaissance rubens returned antwerp later blended style qualities italian flemish painting exciting subjects pictures chase boar hunt plate powerful forces nature part theme notice rubens method composition classic school athens page
johann wolfgang von goethe unquestionably colossus german literature leonardo da truly universal trained lawyer ten age twenty thirty served chief minister weimar brought important political reforms liberal duke charles augustus student biology goethe perceptive suggestions concerning nature matter observations strikingly anticipated darwin theory evolution amateur accomplished painter fine athlete writer found idolized europe published sorrows young emotional thwarted love leads suicide goethe accomplishments writer range kinds literature wrote numerous lyric poems turbulent love affairs epic poems wrote fiction addition wrote book criticism travel account autobiography notable written age twenty drama weimar served director theater continued write plays faust cast story form poetic qualities notable theatrical published parts death play occupied goethe entire earliest draft written weimar part ii finished shortly death fifty odd later faust large sense reflecting goethe diverse intensely felt experiences wide learning probing thought
brow upland square tower church slope green looped white road ascending road open valley broad shallow wide green trough pastures hedges merging inland vista purple tints flowing lines closing view valley market town fourteen miles lies practice friend kennedy begun surgeon navy afterward companion famous traveler days continents unexplored interiors papers fauna flora known scientific societies country practice choice penetrating power mind acting corrosive fluid destroyed ambition fancy intelligence scientific order investigating habit curiosity believes particle general truth mystery ago return abroad invited stay readily neglect patients company took rounds thirty miles afternoon waited roads horse reached leafy twigs sitting high hear kennedy laugh half open door cottage big hearty laugh fitted size brisk manner bronzed face pair gray profoundly attentive eyes talent making talk freely inexhaustible patience listening tales
twentieth century artist gradually interested depicting reality represented object finally disappeared art completely abstract suppressing storytelling painting freeing color representational role manet impressionists cleared abstract art gauguin van carried trend abstract unorthodox color schemes distorted forms cezanne exerted strongest influence early twentieth century painting cezanne advice nature terms cylinder sphere cone picasso invented style painting called early cubist painting plate picasso reduced pitcher fruit bowl simple geometric forms selected basic cubic shape found repeated shape filling space lively angular design picasso paint objects think later cubist paintings picasso dimensional composing cubes elaborate designs overlapping planes later cubist works puzzling fragments original subjects visible cubist portrait picasso thought landscape despite confusion main source advances painting early twentieth century cubist study geometric forms robert delaunay added movement color paintings eiffel tower plate breaking bending reassembling created poetic images parisian vistas seen tower finishing eiffel tower series delaunay studies rhythmic play pure colors
fall faces faces show listening pleased spoke spoke severely avail asked perform crouched whispered threw kola nuts rolled eagerly sharp eyes ended face glass wine grave felt nearer father moment sundown silently home short twilight night going house son window found sick disappointment throwing cooked food mention say night sniff say smell decay room thought dead rat rafters clear bed night rained heavily sheet lightening turned darkness silver daylight seconds darkness rain woke soon midnight thought hear knocking room ask open door wasn thought locked mistake opened door quickly holding oil lamp upwards stood veranda curiously refused hoarsely coughing
robes parts dress goddesses woven minerva graces solid nature formed metals vulcan architect smith chariot builder artist olympus built brass houses gods golden shoes trod air water moved place place speed wind thought shod brass celestial steeds whirled chariots gods air surface sea able bestow workmanship motion chairs tables move celestial hall endowed intelligence golden handmaidens wait jupiter jove zeus called father gods beginning saturn cronos father rhea ops mother saturn rhea race titans children earth heaven sprang chaos give account chapter account creation according earth erebus love beings love issued egg night floated chaos arrows torch pierced things producing joy saturn rhea titans names oceanus hyperion iapetus males themis mnemosyne eurynome females spoken elder gods dominion transferred
morning aurora put stars sun melted frost grass met accustomed spot hard fate agreed night slip watchful eyes leave dwellings walk fields insure meeting repair known edifice standing city bounds called tomb await foot tree white mulberry tree stood cool spring agreed waited impatiently sun beneath waters night rise cautiously stole unobserved family head covered veil monument sat tree sat dim light evening descried lioness jaws reeking recent slaughter approaching fountain slake thirst fled sight sought refuge hollow rock fled dropped veil lioness drinking spring turned retreat woods seeing veil ground tossed rent bloody mouth delayed approached place meeting saw sand footsteps lion color fled cheeks sight presently found veil rent bloody hapless girl thy death thou worthy hast fallen victim follow
repaired thither nymphs handed quiver bow robe unbound sandals feet skillful arranged hair rest drew water capacious goddess employed labors toilet behold quitted companions rambling especial object place led thither destiny presented entrance cave nymphs seeing screamed rushed goddess hide bodies taller rest head color tinges clouds sunset dawn countenance diana surprise surrounded nymphs turned half sought sudden impulse arrows hand dashed water face intruder adding words tell seen diana immediately pair branching stag horns grew head neck gained length ears grew sharp pointed hands feet arms legs body covered hairy spotted hide fear took place boldness hero fled admire speed saw horns water ah wretched sound effort groaned tears flowed face place consciousness remained
flew making noise wings soon city laying wings assumed form form pale dead naked stood couch wretched wife beard soaked water water trickled drowned locks leaning bed tears streaming eyes recognize unhappy wife death changed visage behold husband shade prayers dead deceive vain hopes return stormy winds sunk ship aegean sea waves filled mouth called aloud uncertain messenger tells vague rumor brings ears person shipwrecked tell fate arise give tears give lamentations let tartarus words added voice husband pour genuine tears hands gestures weeping groaned stretched arms sleep striving embrace body grasping air stay cried fly let voice awakened starting gazed eagerly present servants alarmed cries brought light found smote breast rent garments cares hairs tears wildly nurse asks grief answers perished
psyche stood ridge mountain panting fear eyes full tears gentle raised earth bore easy motion flowery dale degrees mind composed laid grassy bank sleep awoke refreshed sleep looked round beheld pleasant grove tall stately trees entered midst discovered fountain sending clear crystal waters fast magnificent palace august front impressed spectator mortal hands happy retreat god drawn admiration wonder approached building ventured enter object met filled pleasure amazement golden pillars supported vaulted roof walls enriched carvings paintings representing beasts chase rural scenes adapted delight eye beholder proceeding onward perceived apartments filled manner treasures beautiful precious productions nature art eyes occupied voice addressed saw uttering words sovereign lady voices hear servants obey commands utmost care diligence retire chamber repose bed fit repair bath supper awaits adjoining alcove pleases seat psyche gave ear admonitions vocal attendants repose refreshment bath seated alcove table immediately presented visible aid waiters servants covered greatest delicacies food wines
jupiter disguise bull carried europa daughter king phoenicia commanded son search sister return sought sister find daring return unsuccessful consulted oracle apollo country settle oracle informed find cow field follow wander stopped build city call thebes left castalian cave oracle delivered saw young cow slowly walking close offering prayers phoebus cow till passed shallow channel plain stood raising broad forehead sky filled air gave thanks stooping kissed foreign soil lifting eyes greeted surrounding mountains wishing offer sacrifice jupiter servants seek pure water stood ancient grove profaned axe midst cave thick covered growth bushes roof forming low arch beneath burst fountain purest water cave lurked horrid serpent crested head scales glittering gold eyes shone fire body swollen venom vibrated triple tongue showed triple row teeth
labor cleaning stables king elis herd thousand oxen stalls cleansed thirty hercules brought rivers cleansed labor delicate kind daughter longed obtain girdle queen ordered hercules nation women warlike held flourishing cities custom bring female children boys neighboring nations put death hercules accompanied number volunteers adventures reached country hippolyta queen received kindly consented yield girdle juno taking form amazon persuaded rest strangers carrying queen instantly armed numbers ship hercules thinking hippolyta acted slew taking girdle sail homewards task enjoined bring oxen monster bodies dwelt island red called lay west rays setting sun description thought apply spain king traversing countries hercules reached length frontiers libya europe raised mountains monuments progress according account rent mountain left half side forming straits gibraltar mountains called pillars hercules
famine obeyed commands ceres sped air dwelling entered bedchamber guilty found asleep enfolded wings breathed infusing poison veins discharged task hastened leave land plenty returned accustomed haunts slept dreams craved food moved jaws eating awoke hunger raging moment delay food set kind earth sea air produces complained hunger ate sufficed city nation ate craved hunger sea receives rivers filled fire burns fuel heaped voracious property rapidly diminished unceasing demands appetite hunger continued length spent daughter left daughter worthy parent sold scorned slave purchaser stood seaside raised hands prayer neptune heard prayer master eye moment neptune changed form assume fisherman busy occupation master looking seeing altered form addressed fisherman maiden saw hair dishevelled humble garb standing stand
river god told story theseus companions entertaining hospitable board delayed journey overflow waters finished story added tell persons transformations instance possession power serpent bull horns head say horn lost groaned silent theseus asked grief lost horn question river god replied follows likes tell defeats hesitate relate mine comforting thought greatness conqueror hercules heard fame fairest maidens host suitors strove win hercules number rest yielded urged behalf descent jove labors exceeded juno step mother hand father maiden behold king waters flow land stranger foreign shore belong country part realm let stand royal juno owes enmity punishes heavy tasks boasts son jove false pretence disgraceful true true mother shame
gods goddesses interested famous war parties known fate decreed troy fall enemies persevere voluntarily abandon enterprise room left chance excite turns hopes fears powers took part side juno minerva consequence slight put charms paris hostile trojans venus opposite favored venus enlisted admirer mars side neptune favored greeks apollo neutral taking side jove loved king priam exercised degree impartiality exceptions thetis mother achilles warmly resented injury son repaired immediately jove palace besought greeks repent injustice achilles granting success trojan arms jupiter consented battle ensued trojans completely successful greeks driven field took refuge ships agamemnon called council wisest bravest chiefs nestor advised embassy achilles persuade return field agamemnon yield maiden dispute ample gifts atone wrong agamemnon consented ulysses ajax phoenix carry achilles penitent message performed duty achilles deaf entreaties positively refused return field persisted resolution embark greece delay
discovered troy aid arrows hercules possession friend hercules lighted funeral pyre joined grecian expedition troy accidentally wounded foot poisoned arrows smell wound proved offensive companions carried isle lemnos left induce rejoin army succeeded cured wound paris victim fatal arrows distress paris bethought prosperity forgotten nymph married youth abandoned fatal beauty helen remembering wrongs suffered refused heal wound paris troy died quickly hastened remedies late grief hung troy celebrated statue minerva called palladium fallen heaven belief city statue remained ulysses entered city disguise succeeded obtaining palladium carried grecian camp troy held greeks began despair subduing force advice ulysses resolved resort stratagem pretended making preparations abandon siege portion ships withdrawn lay hid neighboring island
happened night ulysses cast ashore island lay sleeping bed leaves nausicaa daughter king dream minerva reminding wedding distant prudent preparation event general washing clothes family slight affair fountains distance garments carried thither awaking princess hastened parents tell mind alluding wedding finding reasons equally father readily assented ordered grooms furnish wagon purpose clothes put mother wagon likewise abundant supply food wine princess took seat plied lash attendant foot arrived riverside turned mules graze carriage bore garments water working cheerfulness alacrity soon despatched labor spread garments shore dry bathed sat enjoy meal rose amused game ball princess singing played apparel resume town minerva caused ball thrown princess fall water screamed ulysses awaked sound picture ulysses ship wrecked mariner hours escaped waves utterly destitute clothing awaking discovering bushes interposed betweeen group young maidens attire discovered mere peasant girls higher class
buddhists reject entirely authority vedas religious observances prescribed hindus reject distinction castes prohibit bloody sacrifices allow animal food priests chosen classes expected procure maintenance begging things duty endeavor turn things thrown useless discover medicinal power plants ceylon orders recognized highest order high birth learning supported principal temples richly endowed monarchs country centuries appearance buddha sect tolerated brahmans buddhism appears penetrated peninsula hindustan direction carried ceylon eastern peninsula endure india continued persecution ultimately effect entirely abolishing country originated scatter widely adjacent countries buddhism appears introduced china era china subsequently extended korea japan java doctrine alike hindus buddhist sect confinement human soul emanation divine spirit human body misery consequence frailties sins committed existences hold individuals appeared earth necessity terrestrial existence voluntarily descended earth promote welfare mankind
gods constructing finished valhalla offered build residence fortified perfectly safe incursions frost giants giants mountains demanded reward goddess sun moon gods yielded terms provided finish assistance space winter thing remained unfinished summer forfeit recompense agreed told terms stipulated allowed horse advice loki granted set winter night let horse draw stone building enormous size stones struck gods astonishment saw clearly horse half master bargain concluded confirmed solemn oaths precautions giant thought safe gods especially thor return expedition undertaken evil demons winter drew close building advanced bulwarks sufficiently high massive render place impregnable short wanted days summer part remained finished gateway sat gods seats justice entered consultation inquiring advised give plunge heavens darkness permitting giant carry sun moon
sacred circles generally situated stream shadow grove wide spread oak centre circle stood altar large stone manner table stones set end druids high places large stones piles stones summits hills called deity symbol sun druids offered sacrifices deity doubt uncertainty offered ceremonies connected religious services classical roman writers affirm offered occasions human sacrifices success war relief dangerous diseases caesar detailed account manner images immense size limbs framed twisted twigs filled living persons set fire encompassed flames attempts celtic writers shake testimony roman historians fact success druids observed festivals took place beginning called fire god occasion large fire kindled elevated spot honor sun returning welcomed gloom desolation winter custom trace remains give parts scotland sir walter scott boat song lady lake sapling chance sown fountain blooming winter fade
matter reside develop sense place feeling identification home feeling operates levels home neighborhood region entire country identify earth opposed planet sense place involve complexity feelings loyalty level conflict loyalty level familiarity home provokes desire leave try place additional complication american sense place growing country grew europeans seventeenth century transfer affections strange place change easily easily forgotten americans europe lived problem divided loyalty looked westward american frontier felt strong cultural pull europe division mind heart repeated subsequent immigrant groups especially painful africa force robert frost tells gift outright america simply living americans land acquisition sense place foreign settlers native americans forced struggle maintain sense place difficult face unrelenting pressure half centuries native american speakers writers continue effort preserve memory original relationship land
delicious supper hot bread fried bacon black coffee delicious solitude miles sawmill workmen fifteen human beings wide circumference lake darkness closed stars spangled mirror jewels smoked meditatively solemn hush forgot troubles pains due spread blankets warm sand large boulders soon fell asleep careless procession ants passed rents clothing explored persons disturb sleep fettered fairly earned consciences sins court night anyway wind rose losing consciousness lulled sleep beating surf shore cold lake shore night plenty blankets warm moved muscle night waked early dawn original positions refreshed free soreness brim full end wholesome medicine experience morning whipped ten sick rate slow water cures movement cures foreign lands health months camp lake restore egyptian mummy pristine vigor give appetite alligator
treated honored guest handsome house peacocks lawn bought successful returned large city buy house husband cousins honored success told pleased boy poor explained ride horse bareback school peculiarities town reflected grandmother stories saw ethically class terms incredible home watched strange ticks deformities seldom seen city entered house humbly order shake hands guests leading citizen owned garage father owned livery stable grandmother indifferent social class stories told poor unfortunate count drank gambled deserted wives children family pride handsome noses fair number charming count generation appropriately fair number women married kind number stern impressive women occasional impressive lot weak family picture cousins suspect grandfather strong character hand grandmother indifference social class irritated mother complain grandma interested ordinary
usual manner remove mischief found miles built wigwam big hold hundred indians preparation dancing say governor angry loss send captives grieve tremble sister place hearing desired master let willing ready told mile place overtook began rant mad rain saw till saw charlestown lord requited ill doings indian master hanged afterward boston indians began quarters merry dancing kettle told heart heavy ready break mine hope hear news shortly hear earnestly sister desired earnestly desired opportunity daughter mile seen ten weeks seen sister taking
benjamin franklin american success story franklin draws picture autobiography arriving philadelphia seek fortune dollar pocket loaf bread arm image inspired countless young hand critics complained franklin obsessed getting ahead material things result strong influence say national character suffers drive material acquisitions expense spiritual growth franklin accomplishments astounding philadelphia organized fire department paid police force introduced fire insurance caused streets paved swept lighted radical innovations started circulating library america founded american philosophical society scholarly organization improving natural knowledge founded school later university pennsylvania held public office municipal federal international levels superb diplomat statesman american revolution early independence experiments lightning began intelligent study electricity collected manuscripts number sixteen thousand items studied composed music played instruments franklin invented glass harmonica mozart beethoven wrote pieces invent franklin stove age eighty invented bifocal glasses franklin celebrated wit satirical essay writes english german mercenary troops region called hesse fight americans ruler hesse reportedly paid thirty guineas hessian soldier killed author clearly means horrify amuse hoax letter
determined opinion peter seen slowly advancing road descendant historian wrote earliest accounts province peter ancient inhabitant village wonderful events traditions neighborhood recollected rip corroborated story satisfactory manner assured company fact handed ancestor historian kaatskill mountains haunted strange beings affirmed hudson discoverer river country kind vigil twenty crew half moon permitted revisit scenes enterprise guardian eye river city called father seen dutch dresses playing ninepins hollow mountain heard summer afternoon sound balls distant peals thunder story short company broke returned important concerns election rip daughter took home live snug furnished house stout cheery farmer husband rip recollected urchins climb rip son heir ditto seen leaning tree employed farm evinced hereditary disposition attend business
elderly nature thirty brought ordinary contact interesting singular set written mean law copyist scriveners known professionally privately pleased relate divers histories gentlemen smile sentimental souls weep waive biographies scriveners passages bartleby scrivener strangest saw heard law write complete bartleby sort believe materials exist full satisfactory biography irreparable loss literature beings ascertainable original sources case small astonished eyes saw bartleby vague report sequel ere introducing scrivener appeared fit mention employees business chambers general surroundings description indispensable adequate understanding chief character presented youth upwards filled profound conviction easiest belong profession energetic nervous turbulence times sort suffered invade peace
walt whitman original poets america produced themes techniques jarred reading public accustomed traditional topics regular stanzas england poets bryant longfellow whitman individualism evident born small farming community island york father moved family children brooklyn walt whitman attended public school ending formal education age ten jobs journeyman printer editor york papers taught country school island carpentry brooklyn education obtained wide reading public libraries attending lectures astronomy going opera whitman published famous book poems leaves grass helped typeset privately financed poem wrote matter published eventually appeared subsequent editions leaves grass book grew twelve poems hundreds public began notice leaves grass whitman death hailed unique voice american literature subject matter whitman comprehensive trying show readers subject poetry deeply felt whitman aimed stir readers honest feeling acceptance alive experiencing excitement coincide frankness subject matter whitman developed revolutionary poetic form called free verse free verse important liberated poetry dependence strict meter regular rhymes stanzas
saw times remember vividly impression thought pretty interesting charming specimen type sorry hear death think sorry saw certainly describe meetings order took place country tea party snowy night seventeen ago friend going spend christmas mother persuaded lady honour entertainment speak entertaining england season snowing drifts knee high wondered ladies house perceived offering attraction gentlemen york felt worth effort mrs course evening asked didn want show photographs young ladies photographs couple portfolios brought home son lately returned europe looked struck fact young ladies provided object interest absorbing vivid person standing mantelshelf looking round room small gentle smile odds isolation
realized actually going stop flung threw gun ran overtook grasped frantically dog directly bear smell strong hot rank sprawling looked loomed towered cloudburst colored thunderclap familiar peacefully familiar remembered dream didn knelt holding frantic hands hearing wailing hounds drawing farther farther sam carried gun laid quietly boy stood looking seed gun hands couldn missed boy rose held arms clear ground yapped frantically straining surging fading uproar hounds tangle wire springs panting shaking trembling gun didn shoot father close don sir big wood tick inside hind leg saw didn gun didn shoot gun father didn answer father didn wait rising crossing room pelt bear boy killed ago larger father killed born bookcase beneath mounted head boy buck
river henry allen ranch hay cut stored orchards plowed receive rain deeply cattle higher slopes shaggy rough coated allen working flower garden looked yard saw henry husband talking business suits stood tractor shed foot side smoked studied machine talked watched moment thirty face lean strong eyes clear water figure looked blocked heavy gardening costume black hat pulled low eyes clod hopper shoes figured print dress completely covered big corduroy apron big pockets hold snips trowel scratcher seeds knife worked wore heavy leather gloves protect hands worked cutting chrysanthemum stalks pair short powerful scissors looked tractor shed face eager mature handsome scissors chrysanthemum stems small easy energy brushed cloud hair eyes glove left smudge earth cheek stood neat white farmhouse red geraniums close banked high windows
began haunting intimation presume child receives mystical god nature publishing elusive sensation moving memorable comes early boy say sitting front steps summer night thinking suddenly hearing perception pulsing sound crickets overwhelmed sense identification natural company insects grass night conscious faint answering cry universal perplexing question girl returning grave pet bird leaning elbows windowsill inhaling unfamiliar draught death suddenly seeing part complete story older youth encountering teacher chance word mood awakens youth beginning breathe individual conscious strength vitals think sensation develop feeling identity god eruption spirit caused allergies sense divine existence distinct mere animal existence beginning affair freedom free condition parts instinctive experiences animal dweller planet practical liberties enjoys privileged member human society generally understood widely admired violently challenged discussed practical apparent side freedom united states today offers liberties privileges tools freedom
ship mayflower carried hundred passengers leader called pilgrims travelers took sixty days beat atlantic december mayflower put pilgrims ashore plymouth massachusetts unrelenting winter half dead survived joined settlers england colonists puritans puritans led clergymen dominated government religious outlook literature communities established extraordinary puritans devout christians wanted purify lives church saw corruptions english society religion church england called saints separatists generally called puritans sign separateness puritans believed powerful god freely granted saints gift grace grace complicated matter puritans spirit guarantee salvation eternal happiness god daily lives puritans wanted demonstrate moment possessed grace worthy puritans ideally aimed personal salvation building god centered society willing risk lives place practice religion freely raise children free frivolities temptations listen language refers bible easily frequently passionate desire establish jerusalem clear
bow god wrath bent arrow ready string justice bends arrow heart strains bow mere pleasure god angry god promise obligation keeps arrow moment drunk blood passed change heart mighty power spirit god souls born creatures raised dead sin altogether light reformed things religious affections form religion families closets house god strict hands angry god tis mere pleasure keeps moment swallowed everlasting destruction god holds pit hell holds spider loathsome insect fire dreadfully provoked wrath burns fire looks worthy cast fire purer eyes bear sight ten thousand times abominable eyes hateful venomous serpent sinner consider fearful danger tis furnace wrath wide bottomless pit full fire wrath held hand god wrath provoked incensed damned hell
benjamin franklin born boston son poor craftsman afford school educated reading widely teenager learned printing trade published essay brother newspaper proud ambitious independent franklin left boston age seventeen arrived penniless philadelphia soon established printer civic leader rich retired business age forty outline franklin justice extraordinary range accomplishments retiring business franklin intended devote rest deepest interest science thing ironic substantial contributions scientific knowledge fact lightning rods earthquakes bifocal lenses electricity famous franklin stove homes public affairs dominated half franklin spent england france popular figure intellectuals aristocrats revolution represented colonies london trying persuade british government modify oppressive tax policies america age seventy joined thomas jefferson john adams committee drafted declaration independence later served american representative paris helped negotiate peace treaty england final delegate constitutional convention worked ratification constitution death american known respected franklin seen representative american clever prudent thrifty yankee works hard knows advantage opportunity ahead
sexton stood porch milford meetinghouse pulling lustily village stooping street children bright faces tripped merrily parents mimicked gait conscious dignity sunday clothes spruce bachelors looked sidelong pretty maidens fancied sabbath sunshine prettier weekdays throng streamed porch sexton began toll bell keeping eye reverend hooper door glimpse clergyman figure signal bell cease summons parson hooper face cried sexton astonishment hearing immediately turned beheld semblance hooper pacing slowly meditative meetinghouse accord started expressing wonder strange minister coming dust cushions hooper pulpit sure parson inquired goodman gray sexton certainty hooper replied sexton exchanged pulpits parson shute westbury parson shute excuse yesterday preach funeral sermon amazement sufficiently slight hooper gentlemanly person thirty bachelor dressed due clerical neatness careful wife starched band brushed weekly dust sunday garb thing remarkable appearance swathed forehead hanging face low shaken breath hooper black veil
middle century north secured prosperity manufacturing commerce factories flourished industry sought protective tariffs strong federal government cities boomed plenty plenty workers south hand economy remained agricultural depending cotton exports slave system low tariffs southerners agrarian rights individual states cherished foundations jeffersonian democracy century wore northern southern ways irreconcilable americans face question place individual person society americans civil war face question rights individual states democratic union debates grew fiercer abolitionists vocal william lloyd garrison attacked slavery week newspaper liberator harriet beecher stowe moved emotions uncle tom cabin western entered union decision slave free compromise compromise reached tension abraham lincoln elected president southern states took action december south carolina seceded union month states joined confederacy soon firing fort sumter april civil war began difficult express civil war means nation cousin cousin tired phrase tells truth young mark twain hannibal missouri joined confederate militia brother accepted union appointment moved nevada territory
emily dickinson poems published lifetime published anonymously death found home small packages poems poems carefully revised neatly tied ribbons scrawled scraps paper poems preserved poets english language lived died unknown public dickinson born father house amherst massachusetts attended mount holyoke female seminary nearby south hadley boston washington philadelphia young left home travel boston eye examination grew older communicated fewer fewer dressed white neighbors knew extraordinary radiant isolated woman age fifty dickinson died house born dickinson poems survived april thomas wentworth higginson kindly undistinguished literary critic received letter dickinson higginson dickinson enclosed poems wondering poems breathed higginson saw poems quality thought publication informal abrupt punctuation peculiar later editors dickinson equally unperceptive deeming style correct rewrote dickinson written order proper complete poems printed exactly dickinson written readers discover measure achievement dickinson totally dedicated art private
unlike poetry drama novels modern invention defined book length prose fiction early novels english fall categories loose series episodes recounting adventures wanderers lovable rogues satiric aim sentiment highly emotional tale romance tears ends moral message gothic tale mystery fear includes elements supernatural romantic earliest american novels fell categories hugh henry modern chivalry adventure story pokes fun political problems george washington presidency susanna charlotte temple sentimental moral tale charles brown tales gothic horror incidentally explore psychological motivations characters nineteenth century america produced major novelists widely read today james fenimore cooper page published leatherstocking tales romantic adventures exploits natty bumppo noble frontiersman model classic american hero william gilmore simms south carolina writing similar romantic adventure tales earning nickname southern cooper major novelist pre civil war period nathaniel hawthorne page published masterpiece scarlet letter scarlet letter tightly woven tale explores nature sin complex symbolism profound insights characters minds hearts nature evil probed moby dick tale whales whalers herman melville page
tattered stood musing reg jim dandy fer nerve wa finally awestruck voice reg jim dandy thoughtfully poked docile hands foot wonner th seen funny thing reg jim dandy youth desired screech grief stabbed tongue lay dead tomb mouth threw ground began brood tattered stood musing look pardner regarded corpse spoke begin look fer ol number thing say enjoying health days youth awakened tattered soldier tone looked quickly saw swinging uncertainly legs face turned shade blue lord cried goin tattered waved hand nary die want pea soup bed pea soup repeated dreamfully youth arose ground wonder left pointed find im coming direction turned body ask question length spoke tattered stayin tryin ask youth nodded assent wearily
ezra pound expression served rallying cry writers driving force modernist literature fifty restless mind busied seeking discoveries innovations art poetry styled revolutionist arts profoundly conservative searching history things find literature religions philosophies social systems pound wished change governments economics failed change face literature pound born small town idaho grew suburb philadelphia attending university pennsylvania left america europe remained early london paris whirlwind modernist activity invented imagism page worked hard modernizing poetry london representative poetry magazine pound helped nurture careers talents championed irish novelist james joyce close friend eliot influenced prose young american novelist ernest hemingway pound home rapallo italy devoted social economic thought poem cantos beautiful puzzling poems written poet italy pound admirer benito mussolini idealistic misplaced trust dictator devastating consequences war ii broadcast italian radio foolishly thinking contributing peace society war arrested imprisoned american troops pisa experience reflected greatest poetic achievement pisan cantos
exile going glacier national park forget written passage basil sort initiation turning eyes giving dazzling glimpse love saw quiet handsome boy air consideration face mark recent re discovery wills strong power appeared minnie months appeared margaret torrence charming sadness dinner polite mrs kampf courteous father listened discussion word creole evident interest appreciation thought young boy dinner minnie basil bill rode black bear village movies slow diffusion minnie charm personality presently charm personality affair minnie affairs family likeness looked basil childish open look opened eyes wider sort comic misgivings smiled smiled candor smile effect special contours minnie face independent mood sparkling invitation appeared basil suddenly inflated borne upward farther set smile reached point grin chose melt drug wanted watch vast buoyant delight
literature arts period freedom experimentation end depression artists early twentieth century live greatest works produce painters pablo picasso composers igor stravinsky arnold schoenberg writers pound elliot yeats stevens joyce artists shocking influential decades century generation writers unit absorbed lessons modernists grew atmosphere modernism incorporated discoveries experiments styles forms modernism witnessed hard lessons nation poverty suffering writers striving artistic excellence social commitment produced critic alfred called literature crisis order put writers federal government agencies works progress administration commissioned books pamphlets brochures writing largely documentary nature literature intended give writers chance living put america record remind greatness trouble documentary included descriptions histories american places landmarks towns cities rivers writers prepared detailed guidebook writers collaborated photographers margaret white dorothea lange produce journalistic photographic records ways america lived greatest documents let praise famous study alabama writer james photographer walker evans
robert lowell born oldest distinguished boston families known american poets james russell lowell page amy lowell ancestors early age lowell turned comfortable writing poetry haunted sense past mysterious burden guilt urgent inescapable seriousness need perform symbolic act lowell leave east reminders past attend college ohio studied poet john crowe ransom page immensely talented thoughtful lowell achieved early success poet winning pulitzer prize lord weary castle thirty book mills kavanaughs examined weariness verse highly crafted heavy dense symbols style achieved permanent reputation mid lowell suddenly drastically changed style discovered poetry younger americans allen ginsberg open direct style lowell poetry poetry brought early fame longer pleased sounded ears willfully difficult stiff humorless impenetrable surface began working sort poetry called confessional poetry confessional poems lowell began speak embarrassing openness frankness broke radically dominant critical tradition generation tradition taught think poem actual person poet
mrs miller lived pleasant apartment rooms kitchenette remodeled brownstone east river widow miller left reasonable amount insurance interests narrow friends speak rarely journeyed farther corner grocery house notice clothes matter fact hair iron gray clipped casually waved cosmetics features plain inconspicuous birthday sixty activities seldom spontaneous room immaculate smoked occasional cigarette prepared meals tended canary met miriam snowing night mrs miller finished drying supper dishes thumbing afternoon paper saw advertisement picture playing neighborhood theater title sounded struggled beaver coat laced galoshes left apartment leaving light burning foyer found disturbing sensation darkness snow fine falling gently making impression pavement wind river cut street crossings mrs miller hurried head bowed oblivious mole burrowing blind path stopped drugstore bought package peppermints line stretched front box office took place end tired voice groaned short wait seats mrs miller rummaged leather handbag till collected exactly correct change admission line taking looking suddenly conscious girl standing edge marquee
leading authors critics asked twenty books written war ii saul bellow novels herzog henderson rain king seize adventures augie march list bellow referred important american writer generation critic leslie fiedler novelists need understand saul bellow born lachine quebec canada parents emigrated russia father importer egyptian onions growing bellow learned languages english hebrew yiddish french family moved chicago bellow recalls spent libraries attended university chicago northwestern university graduated honors sociology anthropology scholarship university wisconsin bellow academic career anthropology discovered urgent calling literature worked thesis turned story told interviewer disappeared christmas holidays bellow novels dangling victim won small adventures augie march won greater attention national book award herzog planet recent novels humboldt gift awarded pulitzer prize dean december bellow awarded noble prize literature saul bellow novels generally concern alienated urban environments defeated novels filled exuberance comic invention intellectual brilliance bellow dramatized lives characters misplaced disoriented trapped
literature begins human voice speaking earlier book talked sound prose sound poetry remind importance pleasure hearing literature selections unit remind essential hear speakers nonfiction songs poets variety characters fiction heard emotion patrick henry speech hear excitement leonard bernstein makes music american bernstein essay lecture hear exactly delivered tape recorder pauses emphases hear minds reasonable version sound lecture hear relaxed informal american talking hear starts stops parenthetical explanations afterthoughts everyday speech don think country matter wouldn gershwin music say american paris american music american written colloquial writing easy hear comes alive read aural imagination imagining actual person talking poetry course listen music poem special tone poet olga cabral help give sound poet outcry help prisoner index file poem comic tone point exaggerated manner expression demands exaggerated reading aural imaginations moments prisoner file
looks concluded picking pick shovel gold pan crossed stream pool stepping stone stone sidehill touched water dug shovelful dirt put gold pan squatted holding pan hands partly immersing stream imparted pan deft circular motion water dirt gravel larger lighter particles worked surface skillful dipping movement pan spilled edge occasionally expedite matters rested pan fingers raked large pebbles pieces rock contents pan diminished rapidly fine dirt smallest bits gravel remained stage began deliberately carefully fine washing washed fine finer keen scrutiny delicate fastidious touch pan empty water quick semicircular flirt water flying shallow rim stream disclosed layer black sand bottom pan thin layer streak paint examined closely midst tiny golden speck dribbled water depressed edge pan quick flirt water bottom turning grains black sand tiny golden speck rewarded effort washing fine fine need ordinary placer mining
saturday afternoon billy buck ranch hand raked haystack pitched small forkfuls wire fence mildly interested cattle high air small clouds puffs cannon smoke driven eastward march wind wind heard whishing brush ridge crests breath penetrated ranch cup boy jody emerged house eating thick piece buttered bread saw billy working haystack jody tramped scuffling shoes told destructive flock white pigeons flew black cypress tree jody passed circled tree landed half grown tortoiseshell cat leaped bunkhouse porch galloped stiff legs road whirled galloped jody picked stone help game late cat porch stone discharged threw stone cypress tree started white pigeons whirling flight arriving haystack boy leaned barbed wire fence think asked middle aged ranch hand stopped careful raking stuck fork ground took black hat smoothed hair left soggy ground moisture replaced hat rubbed dry leathery hands plenty mice jody suggested lousy billy crawling mice maybe call dogs hunt mice
strange curious picture americans tradition purposes tremendous dreams america tradition child republic story history continent history imagination imagined land sea found imagined forests plains rivers mountains found plains mountains force terror pressure population drove ancestors continent explorers crossed atlantic imagination minds imagined beautiful freer happier courage strength warm vivid desire desired power desire true continent true republic created forefathers able conceive freeman government able create lived nation able imagine thing thing unheard thing skeptical tired trust dreams able imagine erected continent free nation society mankind free courage declaration independence greater courage bravery risked necks sign courage declaration independence courage act imagination jefferson document call revolution
term march sixth assemblyman dan stone fellow filed dissent resolution adopted house house resolution record abolition slavery assemblyman colleague joint statement saying institution slavery founded injustice bad policy temper added promulgation abolition doctrines tends increase abate evils moral act assemblyman ready adjournment house march sixth term image found words told joshua fry speed springfield aimed pinnacle fame aimed distinction known dewitt clinton illinois governor clinton york dead remembered feet tall noble proportions known magnus apollo assemblyman started career legislature united states senator mayor york city governor york father erie canal champion public education joshua speed excused smiled kindly hope equal illustrious record march seventh eighth assemblyman short coat hiked pantaloons home salem heels hard winter weeks rain left puddles snow melted slush suddenly violent freeze countryside fixed iced chickens geese frozen fast ground
brother premature death resolved making living interfere spent twenty earning minimum needed letting end helped father family pencil factory lived ralph waldo emerson famous essayist lecturer poet wife caretaker property worked concord gardener surveyor magazine editor curator lyceum lectured fair success bangor maine philadelphia tutored children emerson brother william staten island homesickness drove concord course confiding journals passed business desperate enterprises interested thoreau written journals began months graduation harvard entry months death fame slower coming mined journals lecture material essays published dial emerson suggestion decision altered making living town consuming bargained actually write later laboring leisure true integrity afford sustain relations labor depreciated market machine escape market machine thoreau conceived building cabin comparative solitude spending uninterrupted nights days sorting philosophies
novelist hundred pages build atmosphere setting narrative short story writer faster confined space poet writing epics dramas restrained word count emily dickinson took restrictions chose line stanza stanza poem form miniature register sharp impressions thought barely chance expand skillful worker dickinson developed devices concentrate details reader mind note poem sabbath going church wisely groups details give reader clear view church bobolink orchard wings bird song implied singing sexton god preaching short sermon look wind tapped tired casts details similes tired host push numerous hummingbirds fingers tunes timid readers help poet making comparisons mind eye inspect closely lap miles notice details accumulate rapidly train rolls countryside valleys tanks pile mountains range pile shanties quarries hills stable door finally turn coming fall poet chooses details describe passage unlikely arresting ways summer brushed fly months rolled balls centuries counted fingers tossed rind fruit
wandered streets hour trying think money suggested lounged big lobby house hotel sat presently dog loafing paused glanced eyes friendly answered eyes gave tail grateful wag forward rested jaw knee lifted brown eyes face winningly affectionate lovely creature beautiful girl silk velvet stroked smooth brown head fondled drooping ears pair lovers pretty soon brig gen miles hero land strolling blue gold splendors admiring gaze saw dog stopped light eye showed warm place heart dogs gracious creature forward patted dog fine wonder sell greatly moved marvelous thing prediction true yes general ask dollars general manifestly surprised dollars dollars dog uncommon dog possibly worth fifty mine wouldn hundred afraid aware reconsider price don wish wrong
crane york slums street bowery thought train mind observe able say worthwhile event bowery tales honest recording brutal poverty write maggie girl streets short records slum realistic accuracy camera maggie immature conception execution marks significant step development american fiction plain story maggie johnson brother jimmie rum alley tenement district york city young girl driven home drunken mother falls love bartender named pete friend jimmie leaves living eventually ends short drowning helpless victim sordid surroundings crane tells story softening harshness judging characters dialogue reflects closely unrelieved depression inevitable greatly shocked book crane wrote friend garland continue courage end tries show environment tremendous thing frequently shapes lives regardless word environment key crane attitude maggie easily reduced pious moral poverty source sin scarcely crane wanted tell story pete jimmie drunken mother blame maggie death real villain bowery
andrew johnson vetoes overturned radical republicans congress promptly realized final step crush despised foe heat political battle vengeance turned president military enemies south remaining step assurance thirds majority senate constitution majority override presidential veto important majority constitutionally required accomplish major ambition ill secret conviction president impeachment dismissal office temporary unstable thirds majority enabled senate radical republicans occasions enact legislation president veto knew insufficiently reliable impeachment conviction solidify bloc paramount goal congress expressly impliedly governing decisions issues admission states readmission southern states determination senatorial credentials extremely dubious methods pro johnson senator denied seat president veto nebraska admitted union seating administration senators minute maneuvers failed admit colorado president veto sparsely populated colorado rejected statehood referendum unexpected tragedy brought false tears fresh hopes vote kansas looked open grave senator jim lane kansas conservative republican sympathetic johnson plans carry lincoln reconstruction policies frontier radical union lane voted uphold johnson veto civil rights bill introduced administration bill recognition government arkansas kansas arisen outraged heat
marriage elinor white frost drifted job mill lawrence school teaching newspaper reporting marriage spent teaching mother small private school harvard college hoping prepare career college instructor enjoyed classics philosophy revolted academic discipline poor health live country growing family tried farming chicken raising derry hampshire failure farmer school teaching derry plymouth disliked teaching tilling stubborn hampshire soil sold poem knew poetry profession took gamble unable find publisher poetry sold farm packed wife children buckinghamshire england living cheaper poetry larger audience decision wisest boy issued english publisher north boston frost returned united states reputation books republished bought farm hampshire hope settling write poetry avoid literary marketplace succeeded national institute arts letters elected membership amherst college offered professorship english invitations lecture give public readings parts country
salem village minister reverend samuel parris merchant west indies important thing samuel parris fact brought salem village west indian servants known john indian woman tituba bought services west indies buying rope hang nineteen women england odd links circumstantial chain elizabeth parris daughter parsonage boasted friends odd stories tituba told queer things tituba let report magic powers spread village odd imagination stirring figure parrot tame monkey small england town winters white diversion godsend case winter group girls women began meet nightly parsonage tituba fortune telling chief attraction elizabeth parris youngest abigail williams eleven ann putnam twelve rest older mercy lewis mary elizabeth hubbard seventeen elizabeth booth susan sheldon eighteen mary warren sarah churchill twenty servants mercy lewis employed reverend george previous minister salem village worked mary warren maid john sarah churchill george jacobs elizabeth parris adolescent leaving adolescence elder women included pair gossipy superstitious mrs pope mrs young ann putnam mother ann putnam sr deserves sentence
morning june clear sunny fresh warmth full summer flowers blossoming profusely grass richly green village began gather square post office bank ten clock towns lottery took days started june village hundred lottery took hours begin ten clock morning allow villagers home noon dinner children assembled course school recently summer feeling liberty sat uneasily tended gather quietly broke boisterous play talk classroom teacher books bobby martin stuffed pockets full stones boys soon selecting smoothest stones bobby harry jones dickie delacroix villagers pronounced eventually pile stones corner square guarded raids boys girls stood talking looking shoulders boys small children rolled dust clung hands older brothers sisters soon began gather surveying children speaking planting rain tractors taxes stood pile stones corner jokes quiet smiled laughed
thornton wilder counted try forms avoid obvious experimenting prose friction drama achieved critical approval national reputation born madison wisconsin moved china age father appointed consul general hong kong shanghai spent months german school hong kong attended public schools berkeley california english mission boarding school china school california graduated high school berkeley entered oberlin college later transferred yale interrupted studies serve coast artillery war completed degree yale spent residence american academy rome returned teach french school jersey finished cabala published period earned princeton wrote bridge san luis rey wilder abandon teaching gained fame writer later taught university chicago held charles eliot norton professorship harvard natural young scholar rome want gather impressions eternal city romantic story center cabala kind readers expect wilder fantasy ironic twist young american introduces wealthy eccentric aristocrats group known cabala
soon light bet woke dressed walked table tried eat cereal wouldn tell pressed edge spoon lips till heard click teeth looked corner ceiling knobby child glassy eyes fair hair wore striped shirt jeans shirt neat jeans blue stay till face elderly pinched strained tired looked unused jeans changed expression left chair beds raised yellowed shade rinsed spoons bathroom sink picked bits magazines torn night rented room ancient crumbling house lighten cluttered look feeling lives layered lives layers brownish wallpaper child peeled corner bed slipped feet flat heeled loafers absently patted front dress worn beige knit saved sundays maybe hung shoulders sack felt slight frail wispy today reached coat put tied blue kerchief chin
begin journey high elevation destination sight city visited times traveler map carefully folded lover maps committed map memory bring highway mountains broad handsome constructed ingenious blasting leveling paving engineers country aided construction famous highway cost excessive rumors circulated interest things sensing learn true cost anyway difference journey hours excellent highway sun shines ceaselessly moderate amount traffic cars safe distance assure sleepy monotony wonder perfect road parallel discover map smaller road exactly parallel highway direct leads city turn road winds foothills forests goes small villages sense attitude villagers traffic road infrequent draw special attention curves road shrinks fortunate meet oncoming traffic road leads deep forest descending small cramped turns turning left left slow hypnotic passage makes impossible look forest
splendid temple nippur ruled lifted eyes shone east rushed muddy waters tigris flowing southward desolate hills assur west lordly euphrates broad slow brought giving waters plains ancient sumer sea white throne pure place sat mountain tracing fingers lands seas sending sunshine plains spring thaws hills barren deserts looking creation wishing plenty prosperity omnipotent majesty appointed god wisdom main task places land sumer gold silver flow ships temple nippur deeds gifts teacher yoked oxen plow due season showed grain sprout jewels sunlit fields hills drove ewes lambs built pens fishes river persuaded lay eggs river reeds nourish sumer barley bent double weight built granaries filled grains fields fruits gardens peaches bananas apricots clay rivers molded square bricks taught black haired craftsmen construct walls lofty cities tier adorned precious lapis lazuli lovely cities sumer built dikes opened dry season tender wheat burn hot sun noon
anguish possibility occurred received gift immortality find abode willing divulge secret able return uruk save race mankind death received secret immortality ut famous king days uruk royal cities mesopotamia possibility scheme entered head knew rest returning home weeping mother continued road straight west traveling swiftly inspired goal fear dangers burning desert length weary footsore reach mount dazzling western home sun god blinded sunlight white hot finally consternation rows rows stood ranks guarding entrance mountain heart sank looked size lower parts bodies rise blazing heads reached high ramparts sun god force quaking legs advance saying confront taste bitter clay death finally took deep breath walked central bowed low guardian apparently recognizing godly parts pointed gate swung open allowing passage dark heart mountain
wandered weeping mourning asked news dead husband met grieved deeply hear praises loss unbearable messengers told traveled kinsman spreading science agriculture planted grapevines wheat barley ethiopia founded cities told deeds arabia carried ivy plant india built city strange country osiris delighted elephant hunts messengers reported visiting asia journeyed westward hellespont forced barbarians lived southeastern europe accept government isis learned husband nile strayed bed visited months later son anubis born terror husband seth exposed child reeds left die isis found baby curious dog head spotted dog coat love mother educated anubis grew watchdog gods egypt wonderful animal devoted faithful service anubis received gift human speech studied medicine embalming weary search sore sobbing heard sais lower egypt holy city south isis sat grassy bank delta watch children play common knowledge egypt children unguarded speech reveal facts significance especially holy place goddess
sons born europa zeus minos oldest king minos crete europa eternally honored crete beauty virtue fair women west descendants lofty plane tree witnessed wedding southern crete revered repaid privilege keeping leaves seasons onward festivals celebrated honor mediterranean famous sons europa minos profiting advantageous situation crete midpoint egypt greece phoenicia sicily junction later travelers greece asia minor pass war party friend crete menelaus famous named paul stop syria italy snowy mountains welcome landmark sailors ports tossed heavy seas mediterranean winter minos crete commercial center hundred cities known wide wealth luxury islanders raised wheat barley wine vineyards spun flax linen learned dye bright yellow saffron brilliant hues red blue herds goats cattle grew sleek fat summer grasses mountain slopes bred animals calls piping herders city thriving industries cretan artisans exported goods directions
minos bent effort give son royal retinue trip dressed finest regalia accompanied friends trainers departed palace yacht crete awaited high suspense outcome games news brought minos daily pleasing father delighted learn captivated athenian court elegance refinement manners heard friends nephews king aegeus athens won prize athletic events report crete father overjoyed minos realized physical prowess son overwhelming comparison greatest athletes greece labyrinthine palace knossos large king minos proudly strutted court court messengers athens minos wanted hear accounts proudest arrival greece brought minos news son death king believe ears sitting heavily nearest bench asked messengers read letter king minos crete aegeus hand city athens regret inform tragic death son young prince charmed regal bearing skill games awarded highest honors left athens journey thebes company nephews arrived distance town set bull marathon huge beast ravaging outlying districts
later spring arrived king minos crete splendid herald market place called hear ye citizens elapsed prepared tribute majesty crete ruler green sea dog dares ask tribute attica cried theseus advancing boldly ambassador herald explained theseus listened aghast heard tribute consternation begged father deny story murder aegeus turning sadly reply oath sacred tribute hand athens wept bitterly knew youths maidens heard horror pictured minos fed alive minotaur fear sorrow moment forgotten theseus born royalty king aegeus realized son intended theseus stepped citizens cast lots thirteen custom fourteenth words king aegeus groaned horror theseus continued remained breathless courage blood answered blood fire fire sword sword king minos broken minotaur swear power began wane born theseus spoken aegeus opposed strong objections sudden vow son warned labyrinth stranger escape reminded theseus constructed devious brain daedalus renegade theseus grew determined
extensive legends persia collected poet rewritten period thirty modern scholars found research stories faithful older material middle persian sources poet lived shah book kings covers history persia total period mohammedan conquest persia shah names rulers persia reigns divided dynasties obstacles reconciliation dynastic lists western beliefs concerning persia greatest difficulty names places names refer territories persia varied extensively history small area west persian gulf empire darius twenty satrapies included parts northern greece africa asia minor middle east afghanistan extended india east china north difficult say separate dynasties wide domains extensive knowledge dozens lost half forgotten languages varied peoples hope straighten tangle references difficulty geography westerner ancient persians looked central plain iran concluded earth encircled mountains theory similar greeks decided surrounded waters stream called oceanus
zal inwardly admiring semitic noble chieftains banquet whispered zal ear noble paladin palace beauty mortal eyes generation women daughter descended fabled beauties court portrait hangs court hind china sea lords sigh gaze loveliness master easternmost kahn chin dreams possessing skin fairer palest ivory gleams starlit hall persepolis smell pungent musk perfume hair ringlets fall feet curls wide ankle bracelet lips red cherries glowing cheeks pink sun kissed slender nose burnished silver tall teak tree growing chinese garden slender cypress silver breasts centers ruby buds rosy seeds swear paradise angels sing music delight night zal sleep sat golden tent gazing moonlit river imagining glowing face rays sun turned land kabul crystal pay respects guest courteously asked zal satisfy desires zal answered invited court visit seistan
celebration wedding party returned seistan entered capital riding silk curtained couch sam left war young couple ruled ivory throne soon news carried sam pregnant warrior smiled knew wonderful son bear word hasten seistan soon child presented seistan body lovely grew larger larger months bringing child agony watched daughter grow thin weak finally labor child large delivered screams filled palace bed tore hair cut cheeks wise woman remedy screamed pleaded grew weaker hour servants zal tell princess dying hastened rooms saw unconscious palace resounded wails attendants zal ordered silent cleared room asked light small fire flames appeared zal held feather matter seconds red bird flew curtained chamber dripping pearls droplets peace zal asked save mother bird promised favor princess worth dear bird explained gave counsel
human flattering letter enjoined invade iran confidence gave boy picked troops horses pack animals gold rich presents chiefs overwhelmed stature prowess wrote lad stallion similar loomed formidable mount bravely accompanied invaded iran burning path wheat fields villages alike tartar army encamped white castle famous fortress commanded seasoned warrior named shouting insults fought single combat difficulty struck iranian warrior horse rise heavy fall dismounted thrown warrior sat heavily chest managed twist side begged mercy piteously youth complied binding hands human prisoner returned castle gates meet champion spurred fortress charged set chinese helmet head leveled spear champion charged pulled bow stinging arrow warrior displaying superb horsemanship wheeled careened intricately unable catch finally managed send dart enemy waist accuracy force expert cavalier champion managed rise saddle seat
half night conversed brother want troops readiness sunrise told bring set golden boots manage vanquish tomorrow set home soon return baggage ready depart vanquished case command forces tarry mourn lament push stopping think mother bear news say tell say remained undefeated death especially tell forbid weep mourn knocking door death mounted sought battle live forever tell think golden throne left comfort woman understand tell father zal bid fight shah prepare siege soon reach brother searched minds precedents discussed battles effort decide defeat sunrise champions rode shimmering plain smiling greeted cordially spent night banqueting listened sternly boy words let fight today suggested
servant glared mistress sulked questions replied sullenly matter festive stop moping reason celebrate dear son rama crowned sunrise beloved surely excellent rajah rule rejoice replied angrily rama rises supreme power rama son mere assured servant rama love share rule believe let rama gain throne end son spoke convincingly succeeded arousing fears queen jealous rama tearing jewels precious gown hurried sobbing angry mourning house stormily threw earthen floor cool hours evening perfumed freshly bathed strolled apartments favorite wife find desolate empty weeping attendants told bewildered ruler seen weeping wildly running house anger hurried alarmed found treasured wife lying disheveled floor lifted lap petted pretty bird weeping ruffled silken feathers tell punished darling heart desires
dido called anna tell going attempt desperate remedy cautioned anna follow directions meticulously found cure love aeneas ritual learned ethiopian priestess dido confided magic think solution requested anna funeral pyre built courtyard window weapons aeneas clothing left room place top mound bed slept put pyre find belonged trojan pyre erected sanctified special herbs cut dark moon bronze sickles added black milk lock newborn foal hundred gods invoked altars flamed priests chanted charm potent thought tyrians queen set mind magic night dido paced chamber aeneas slept decks ships water casks filled readiness departure silence black night mantled earth sound slumbering city gentle waves port slapped wooden hulls vessels lay moored wharves suddenly aeneas sprang feet sleep heard voice mercury seen intent stare stations unfurl sails leap oars shouted lose
told aeneas italy join formidable ally north tiber lived proud asiatic race called etruscans lydia asia minor warlike wealthy artistic ruled cruel king named driven began chain living face face wrist wrist dead fled land wickedness etruscans chariots fought gladly venerable seers told rally leadership born italy offered son pallas prince aeneas continued lead battle lineage fine proud etruscans talked showed aeneas poverty stricken farms walked hedgerows fields aeneas erect magnificent temple venus forum citizens rome place congregate transact business open persians aeneas strolled meditatively banks tiber mother able bring gifts promised appearing son venus laid oak tree armor vulcan completed shield clever smith stamped story rome tears eyes aeneas saw fame exploits descendants hopeful young faces glimpsed passing underworld
soon dawn king latinus rode plain chariot drawn horses white pair met aeneas dressed pure white robes altar aeneas sacrificed prayed established conditions combat lose swear son leave italy forever claim whatsoever rule western win trojans build city called honor bride princess lavinia swear deprive king latinus crown try impose power peoples wish live sway protection murmur admiration rose latin chiefs saw aeneas perfumed curly haired monster sister quick spread riot dart shot trojan general rush arms presence aeneas standing high altar restrained crowd arrow wounded aeneas helped field battle began earnest spirits rose skies laughing eager leaped chariot sword scythe drove frightened trojans aeneas physicians draw barb leg immediately started buckle shin guards settled helmet cheek straps bent kiss learn courage today son true let teach accidents fate
questions face forming business money start business financial raising money start business called raising capital worry raise initial capital start money business ground business needs ready money meet daily expenses company earns income pay money savings borrow money debt student company initial capital alternative sale stock sell shares stock shares ownership company holders stock company gambling fellow business organizers company successful stockholders hope company show profit portion profit likely paid dividends payments risk hope shares stock grow student company share stock held constant easy understand free enterprise system profit motive organize business invest business run determines organize think organize factory produce airplanes think local small hardware store activities requires organize basic forms business organization advantages disadvantages
important ingredient business formation selecting idea developed successful product service starting businesses need information potential interest products services consumers buy prices buy buy questions subject supply demand motive coming product service earn profit answers questions key success want consumers buy suppose million dollars develop service free potential interest free service important schedule student company thinking products company sell required try idea product family friends reported results informal study case didn basic market research subject study chapter supply demand basic economic concepts making list important topics understand remember class topics supply demand top list understand understanding deal economics law demand states lower price consumers buy higher price buy holding considerations constant supply demand topics easy understand let look demand
businesses increase sales lose sales change price grocery stores sell bottled spring water drink occasionally price drops buy referred change quantity demand suppose highly acclaimed medical center states extensive research drinking glass spring water extend person spring water difficult germs enter body happen drop price buy bottle shelf want stores able sell price called change demand spring water limited short run price rise increase decrease quantity buy result decline rise price change quantity demanded increase decrease quantity buy result case fictional account spring water called change demand real face demand frequently consequences budgets spending habits situation bob helen sharp faced ago bob helen estimate family budget allowing basic needs food housing clothing set modest sum vacation entertainment emergencies savings account winter exceptionally cold coldest despite effort conserve heat thermostat lower usual electricity electrically heated home
producers consumers student company producer buy things consumer purpose chapter study subject consumerism primary focus chapter consumerism point view business responsibility business consumers ask study topic company product mind ask read chapter thinking role consumer citizen proper role government consumer affairs saying let buyer beware words rested consumerism protections consumer restrictions producers producers sold products whomever buy consumers protections sense judge quality goods services reject accept consumers depended product names trusted twentieth century especially position consumer economy changed greatly say improved question fact say phrase let buyer beware turned read let producer beware change attitude largely effect federal laws govern business protect consumer rights change result consumer groups business groups protect consumers promotion fair business practices say consumer upper hand insist consumer protection laws
productivity general sense mean efficiency easy worthwhile apply concept lives mean efficiency place mean efficiency reaching goals career personal goals recently list personal goals steps reach goals surprised discover occasionally things opposite say goals find times counter productive honest feelings answered yes millions americans ages share feelings remember goal setting goal fulfillment matter logic goal fact goal setting emotional personal economic matters fact helps explain declining economic productivity continues problem system agreement improve participating production product actually operating company chance understand productivity practical specifically production marketing activities offer direct opportunities improve company productivity vice presidents production marketing outline plans offer constructive criticism seen improve output employee product kits designed student company tested find ways assemble product productive method suggested kit manufacturer think company source ideas
eventually management promised fire workers management hire janitors replace quit retired machines phased slowly lower cost cleaning management willing raise wages provide longer vacations remaining workers benefits machines shared management employees attempts introduce machines production services end mutual agreement history technology labor movement abroad includes violent incidents workers jobs threatened machines business owners business view technology cost saving devices raising productivity means producing resources labor industries significant costs production cost labor rises incentive search labor saving devices increases cost labor rises faster productivity prices rise business lose increased technology increase productivity lower prices increase standard living jobs eliminated jobs future technology help workers business compare average week american workers manufacturing today week ancestors journeymen carpenters philadelphia declared course week common practice fourteen sixteen hours president van buren signed bill establishing ten hour government navy yards
venture capitalism investment concentrates business ventures show promise require sums money form investment intended investor small sums invest impatient investor investment money tied ten typically investors pool millions dollars hopes realizing returns future venture capitalist firm invested genetic engineering company later held stock company worth million apple computer similar success stories investors government role protecting private investments addition protecting savings accounts federal deposit insurance corporation fdic depository insurance corporations federal government protects borrowers truth lending act requires lenders tell borrowers exactly cost borrow securities exchange commission sec protects investors unfair practices buying selling stocks bonds requires businesses want sell stocks bonds provide precise accurate information prior issuing publish annual reports fact learned student company government encourage investment federal government change banking tax laws encourage personal investments government wanted increase investment capital business lower tax rate capital gains increase allowable interest payments savings accounts government protect investors saving corporations verge failing recent history major corporations bailed financial troubles government guarantees instances government guaranteed lending institutions money paid federal government company borrowed money failed
businesses operate confines government laws regulations businesses report activities owners government form business corporation submit complete annual report called report read federal securities exchange commission firm violated tax laws government regulations chapter explains businesses operate government framework historically government assumed roles government rules game laws provide specific rules public private activities drive car build home start business dig ditch rules law follow government enforcer law need codes conduct laws insure uniform rights privileges private lives business governments local federal levels police forces court systems enforce laws national level defense force protect system foreign nations government collects revenue taxes provide goods services governments level run universities hospitals provide roads highways local governments collect taxes provide host services including public education according bureau labor statistics federal government collects taxes provide level goods services equal local government revenue combined government modern times involved activities questions subject political debate instance government provide mail services private business government provide hospital care health insurance private business
monopoly seen opposite competition simplest form monopoly existence seller service dominating market government decree face usual influences competition seller truly competitors case pure monopoly cases consumer choice business company alternative goods services federal governments allow monopolies legal monopoly town local public utility company gas water electric telephone government monopoly cheaper efficient supplier utilities companies monopoly submit regular government supervision matters pricing markets areas recent competition allowed electric power telephone industries small competing utility company town raw materials monopolies exist company controls supplies raw material companies examples de beers company south africa international nickel company canada de beers owns known diamond mines international controls vast majority nickel manufacturing idea century turned product service rich famous encourage federal government grant patents cover products processes sense patent monopoly product idea exclusively
business leaders begin careers entrepreneurs undergraduate college training additional graduate school training successful entrepreneurs special training university southern california usc college massachusetts baylor university texas offer programs teach practical things starting operating business basic information combined hands experience help successful business consultants bring sense reality classes variety successful products produced marketed graduates usc program main reasons programs help potential entrepreneurs figure ideas follow high rate business failures timely information common learning business opportunities starting learning working pattern entrepreneurs mentioned earlier safe harbor steady income planning eventual break business entrepreneurs start business industries experience evidence shows families business likely start companies apparently matter business success relatives operating business enjoying fruits labor present model career entrepreneurs tend goal setters start businesses ages present times entrepreneurs call dislocations pushes start businesses find rut lost job simply decided break
traditional economy primitive economic systems tried true answers questions answers passed generation generation traditional economic systems families change gradual considered important traditional economies country isolated parts trading produced consumed locally questions production answered locally answers worked traditional economies low income low productivity india predominantly traditional system command centrally planned economy decisions production central authority production consumer goods capital goods questions part large economic plan consumer demand goods services influence plan major economic decisions marketplace prices wages controlled questions production answered central office care planning market forces decide produced central authority soviet union republic china predominantly command economies market free enterprise economy decisions individuals buyers sellers meet marketplace determine prices freely equilibrium prices distribute goods services sense consumers change economy votes marketplace individual businesses large small answer questions production prices flexible dictated central authority
united states examples market free enterprise economy mixed system government play significant role economic matters postal system plays important role helping businesses families communicate run federal government private postal operations permitted tennessee valley authority tva government corporation set develop tennessee river area tva works control floods soil erosion generate electric power improve navigation provide recreation agricultural services region schools regulated governments run local governments assisted part federal government citizen guaranteed attend local public school obligation remain school age states schooling america command economics escape attend private school pay taxes support public schools economic system adopted practices deviate pure laissez faire approach government incomes unemployed disabled social security retirement program medical care programs aged poor government offers financial help bail important businesses trouble frequent style clothing automobiles fad products considered wasteful involves tastes values person considers frivolous sees important designer jeans essential greg piece mind sarah priced pants market system provide choice greg sarah decide buy buy designer jeans buy substitute
coffee imported shipped country natural rubber graphite lead pencil chromium steel shiny imported shoes italy brazil cotton textiles philippines india taiwan developing nations stereo tape player listened japan heat home morning oil burned warm originated middle east think contact today country ship goods country export lands students drink american soft drinks listen american records eat food grown america sell farm products wheat cotton tobacco corn majority items sell manufactured goods machinery industries mining construction metal forming oil drilling refining sell lot computers consumer goods trade pretty simple england american colonies resources agricultural products timber tobacco cotton turpentine england needed specialized natural resources farm goods england specialized manufactured goods marketplace things nails paint glass ships simple days trading things complicated trade nations trade dozens nations nation tell nation produce trade imports exports today trade increase profits employment companies successfully export
remember major issue chapter government let free enterprise operate help protect american industry trade relations japan subject section description japanese government trade related activities provide interesting perspective issue japan thickly populated island nation defeat war ii risen highly industrialized trading nation lacks basic raw materials chief oil imports opec nations imports successful importing raw materials exporting manufactured goods japanese tariffs industrialized countries lowest levels modern history put tariffs aluminum imports protect aluminum industry quotas limit sales beef oranges milk leather japan despite fact produces products non tariff barriers especially troublesome include variety rules regulations japanese customs agents government inspect imports japan complicated distribution system system based personal associations difficult foreigners break market cigarettes american cigarettes accounted japanese market japan tobacco salt public corporation government monopoly buy tobacco grown japan supports domestic industry limits number retail stores sell imported cigarettes limited tv advertising imported brands charges excise tax distribution handling fee imports
companies owned enterprises wharton shoes footwear business recent faced difficult economic conditions entire footwear industry wharton involved production sale footwear company originally began severe depression small line service stores later branched retail outlets leased discount departments larger known stores wholesale merchandising service shoe retailers focus wharton sales operation low popularly priced shoe seeking inexpensive line wharton obtains half purchases overseas markets large proportion imports wharton purchases typical american shoe suppliers retailers severe competition overseas producers taiwan republic korea resulted primarily large amounts cheap labor nations critics business management shoe industry point overseas labor price competition major reason shoe industry general experiencing difficulty country basis belief easily found factors support hypothesis include large number abandoned empty shoe factories united states shoe region low degree mechanization production shoes decreasing availability labor areas hand argue shoe industry merely shifted geographical focus south midwest overseas competition constitutes major threat survival american shoe industry industry leadership requested governmental action form protective tariff restricting importation foreign shoes
say habit going sea begin grow hazy eyes begin conscious lungs mean inferred sea passenger passenger needs purse purse rag passengers sea sick grow quarrelsome don sleep nights enjoy general thing passenger salt sea commodore captain cook abandon glory distinction offices part honorable respectable toils trials tribulations kind whatsoever care taking care ships schooners going cook confess considerable glory cook sort officer ship board fancied broiling fowls broiled judiciously buttered salted peppered speak respectfully say fowl egyptians broiled ibis roasted river horse mummies creatures huge bake houses pyramids sea simple sailor mast plumb forecastle aloft royal mast head
shuddering savage completely fascinated attention convinced heathen going heavy previously hung chair fumbled pockets produced length curious deformed image hunch exactly color days congo baby remembering embalmed head thought black manikin real baby preserved similar manner seeing limber glistened deal polished ebony concluded wooden idol proved savage goes empty fire place removing fire board sets hunchbacked image andirons chimney jambs bricks inside sooty thought fire place shrine chapel congo idol screwed eyes hard half hidden image feeling ill ease meantime follow takes double handful shavings pocket places carefully idol laying bit ship biscuit top applying flame lamp kindled shavings sacrificial blaze presently hasty fire withdrawals fingers scorching badly succeeded drawing biscuit blowing heat ashes polite offer negro
happened passage worthy mentioning fine run safely arrived nantucket nantucket map look real corner occupies stands shore lonely lighthouse look mere hillock elbow sand beach background sand twenty substitute blotting paper tell plant weeds don grow naturally import canada thistles send seas stop leak oil cask pieces wood nantucket carried bits true cross rome plant toadstools houses shade summer blade grass makes oasis blades walk prairie wear quicksand shoes snowshoes shut belted inclosed surrounded utter island ocean chairs tables small clams found adhering backs sea turtles extravaganzas show nantucket illinois look wondrous traditional story island settled red goes legend olden times eagle swooped england coast carried infant indian talons loud lament parents saw child borne sight wide waters resolved follow direction
connexion whalebone whales importance mention nomenclature convenient facilitating allusions kind whales vain attempt clear classification leviathan founded baleen hump fin teeth notwithstanding marked parts features obviously adapted afford basis regular system detached bodily distinctions whale kinds presents baleen hump fin teeth things whos peculiarities indiscriminately dispersed sorts whales regard nature structure essential particulars sperm whale humpbacked whale hump ceases humpbacked whale greenland whale baleen ceases parts mentioned sorts whales form irregular combinations case detached irregular isolation utterly defy general formed basis rock whale naturalists split possibly conceived internal parts whale anatomy able hit classification nay thing greenland whale anatomy striking baleen seen baleen impossible classify greenland whale descend bowels find distinctions fiftieth part external enumerated
ishmael crew shouts rest oath welded stronger shouted hammer clinch oath dread soul wild mystical feeling ahab feud mine greedy ears learned history murderous monster oaths violence revenge past intervals unaccompanied secluded white whale haunted uncivilized seas frequented sperm whale fishermen knew existence comparatively knowingly seen number actually knowingly battle small owing large number whale cruisers disorderly sprinkled entire watery circumference pushing quest solitary latitudes seldom twelvemonth stretch encounter single news telling sail sort length separate voyage irregularity times sailing home circumstances direct indirect obstructed spread wide whaling fleet special tidings concerning moby dick doubted vessels reported encountered meridian sperm whale uncommon magnitude whale mischief completely escaped minds unfair presumption say whale question moby dick
making passage feeding ground sperm whales guided infallible instinct say secret intelligence deity swim veins called continuing ocean line exactitude ship sailed course chart tithe marvellous precision cases direction whale straight surveyor parallel line advance strictly confined unavoidable straight wake arbitrary vein times swim generally embraces miles width vein presumed expand contract exceeds visual sweep whale ship mast heads gliding magic zone sum seasons breadth path migrating whales confidence looked substantiated times known separate feeding grounds ahab hope encounter prey crossing widest expanses water grounds art place wholly prospect meeting circumstance sight entangle delirious methodical scheme reality gregarious sperm whales regular seasons grounds general conclude herds haunted latitude longitude say turn identically found preceding season peculiar instances contrary proved true
primal source pictorial delusions found oldest hindoo egyptian grecian sculptures inventive unscrupulous times marble temples pedestals statues shields medallions cups coins dolphin drawn scales chain armor saladin helmeted head st george sort license prevailed popular pictures whale scientific presentations odds ancient extant portrait anyways purporting whale found famous cavern pagoda india brahmins maintain endless sculptures immemorial pagoda trades pursuits conceivable prefigured ages actually wonder sort noble profession whaling shadowed hindoo whale referred occurs separate department wall depicting incarnation vishnu form leviathan known avatar sculpture half half whale give tail small section wrong looks tapering tail anaconda broad palms true whale majestic flukes galleries look christian painter portrait fish succeeds hindoo guido picture perseus rescuing andromeda sea monster whale guido model strange creature
amid smoking horror diabolism sea fight sharks seen longingly gazing ship decks hungry dogs round table red meat carved ready bolt killed tossed valiant butchers deck table carving live meat carving knives gilded tasselled sharks jewel mouths carving table dead meat turn affair upside pretty thing say shocking business parties sharks outriders slave ships crossing atlantic trotting alongside handy case parcel carried dead slave decently buried set touching set terms places occasions sharks socially congregate feast conceivable occasion find countless numbers gayer jovial spirits dead sperm whale moored night whale ship sea seen sight suspend decision propriety devil worship expediency conciliating devil heeded banquet going nigh sharks heeded smacking epicurean lips cook cook fleece cried length widening legs form secure base supper darting fork dish stabbing lance cook cook sail cook
borne mind sperm whale prodigious head hanging side let continue hanging till chance attend present matters press head pray heaven tackles hold past night forenoon gradually drifted sea occasional patches yellow brit gave unusual tokens vicinity whales species leviathan supposed lurking hands commonly disdained capture inferior creatures commissioned cruise passed numbers lowering boat sperm whale brought alongside beheaded surprise announcement whale captured opportunity offered wanting tall spouts seen leeward boats flask detached pursuit pulling invisible mast head suddenly distance saw heap tumultuous white water soon news aloft boats fast interval passed boats plain sight act dragged ship towing whale close monster hull meant malice suddenly going rods planks wholly disappeared view diving keel
scientific commentaries commentaries consist hard words harder knocks coke fist true upright honorable allowances peculiar cases outrageous moral injustice party claim possession whale previously chased killed party means scrupulous fifty ago curious case whale england plaintiffs set hard chase whale northern seas plaintiffs succeeded fish peril lives obliged forsake lines boat ultimately defendants crew ship whale struck killed seized finally appropriated eyes plaintiffs defendants remonstrated captain snapped fingers plaintiffs teeth assured deed retain line harpoons boat remained attached whale seizure wherefore plaintiffs sued recovery whale line harpoons boat erskine counsel defendants lord judge course defense witty erskine illustrate position alluding recent crim con case gentleman vain trying bridle wife viciousness abandoned seas course step instituted action recover possession
sperm fishery remarkable incidents business whaling planks stream blood oil sacred quarter deck enormous masses whale head piled rusty casks lie brewery yard smoke try works bulwarks mariners suffused entire ship leviathan hands din deafening look prick ears ship tell tale boats try works swear trod silent merchant vessel scrupulously neat commander sperm oil possesses singularly cleansing virtue reason decks look white call affair oil ashes burned scraps whale potent ley readily whale remains clinging side ley quickly exterminates hands diligently bulwarks buckets water rags restore full tidiness soot brushed lower rigging numerous implements likewise faithfully cleansed put hatch scrubbed try works completely hiding pots cask sight tackles coiled unseen nooks combined simultaneous industry entire ship company conscientious duty concluded crew proceed ablutions shift top toe finally issue immaculate deck fresh aglow leaped holland
hears writers rise swell subject ordinary writing leviathan unconsciously expands placard capitals give condor quill give vesuvius crater inkstand friends hold arms mere act thoughts leviathan weary faint sweep include circle sciences generations whales mastodons past present revolving panoramas empire earth universe excluding suburbs magnifying virtue large liberal theme expand bulk produce mighty book choose mighty theme enduring volume written flea tried ere entering subject fossil whales present credentials geologist stating miscellaneous stone mason digger ditches canals wells wine vaults cellars cisterns sorts likewise preliminary desire remind reader earlier geological strata found fossils monsters completely extinct subsequent relies discovered called tertiary formations connecting rate intercepted links creatures remote posterity entered ark fossil whales hitherto discovered belong tertiary period preceding superficial formations
brown skinned girl cotton gown stretched arms head yawned sleepily sat chair fumbled stockings boys faces averted mother sister put clothes feeling ashamed mother sister boys dressed abruptly paused holding clothes hands attention caught light tapping thinly plastered walls room forgot conspiracy shame eyes strayed floor bigger woman screamed tiny room apartment galvanized violent action chair toppled woman half dressed stocking feet scrambled breathlessly bed sons barefoot stood tense motionless eyes searching anxiously bed chairs girl ran corner half stooped gathered hem slip hands held tightly knees wailed goes woman pointed shaking finger eyes round fascinated horror don im bigger trunk girl whimpered vera woman screamed bed don let thing bite frantically vera climbed bed woman caught hold arms entwined black mother brown daughter gazed openmouthed trunk corner bigger looked round room wildly darted curtain swept grabbed heavy iron skillets wall gas stove whirled called softly brother eyes glued trunk
bigger strode silently jack blocks noon reached forty seventh street south parkway regal opening bigger lingered lobby looked colored posters jack bought tickets features advertised gay woman pictured poster images white white women lolling beaches swimming dancing night clubs trader horn shown posters terms black black women dancing wild background barbaric jungle bigger looked saw jack standing side let jack jack darkened movie shadows soothing eyes glare sun picture started slouched seat listened pipe organ shudder waves nostalgic tone voice humming hauntingly moved restlessly looking expecting sneaking organ sang full dropped silence reckon asked voice tinged uneasiness aw sure jack voice uneasy soon jail damn relief job bigger don say reckon sure don give damn let think caught scared naw hell naw silent listening organ sounded moment trembling note died stole whispering tones scarcely heard
window saw sun dying roof tops western sky watched shade dusk fall street car ran past rusty radiator hissed end room springlike dark clouds slowly swallowing sun street lamps sky black close house tops inside shirt felt cold metal gun resting naked skin put mattresses dalton place felt safer took planning afraid uneasiness distrust feel going white knife gun feel equal give sense completeness thought reason order dalton place white neighborhood heard negroes molested recently felt clock boomed times sighed yawned stretched arms high head loosen muscles body overcoat growing cold outdoors cap tiptoed door wanting slip mother hearing
stood listened mrs dalton hallway room shuddered intensity loathing house feel reached hand touched wall glad solid looked shadowy bed remembered mary person seen hurt bed stood face lay sideways pillow hand moved stopped mid air blinked eyes stared mary face darker bent mouth open eyes bulged bosom bosom bosom moving hear breath coming going brought room bent moved head hand found relaxed limp snatched hand thought feeling balked trying tell desperately convulsively sucked breath huge words formed slowly ringing ears dead reality room fell vast city white sprawled took place dead killed murderer negro murderer black murderer killed white woman mrs dalton room known
fear fight gus felt gus fought knew gus knew knew fail fear decisive moment think going rob distrusted feared gus knew gus distrusted feared moment tried band gus hate gus ultimately hate hope turned outward gus hope vague benevolent help lead hate whites felt ruled thinking ruled conditioning relations street car crawled snow boulevard stop lifted suitcase stood door minutes mary burned car stopped swung walked snow deep ankles heading dalton driveway saw car standing left covered soft crust snow house loomed white silent unlatched gate past car seeing eyes image mary bloody neck inside furnace head curly black hair lying soggy newspapers paused turn round car miles knew
stood doorway looked light gray blind eyes eyes white face hair dress knew worried wanted ask questions knew want hear tell drunk daughter black white poor rich ashamed let think wrong family ask black servant felt confident mam fact rest dalton feeling re going thank mam turned shut door stood listening soft whisper shoes die hall stairs pictured groping hands touching walls house book thought trembled excitement white black rich poor young boss worker safe yes heard kitchen door open shut closet listened sounds answer feeling strain talking mrs dalton bessie cap coat basement
looked street saw sign building property managed south side real estate company heard dalton owned south side real estate company south side real estate company owned house lived paid dollars week rat infested room seen dalton mother took rent real estate office dalton high distant god owned property black belt owned property white folks lived bigger live building line dalton gave millions dollars negro education rent houses negroes prescribed area corner city tumbling rot sullen bigger conscious send kidnap note jar senses car rode south fifty street walked bessie ring times buzzer answered bet drunk thought mounted steps saw peering door eyes red sleep alcohol doubt fearful angry bigger asked room matter asked backing mouth open let open door threw door wide stumbling turn light matter bigger times want ask turn light
stretched bed dark found body trembling cold hungry lying shaking hot bath fear hotter blood engulfed bringing feet stood middle floor seeing vivid images gloves pencil paper earth forgotten burn pulled light overcoat gloves pencil paper stuffed shirt door listened moment hall stairs furnace stood moment gleaming cracks hurriedly opened door dumped gloves pencil paper watched smoke blaze closed door heard burn furious whirlwind draft strange sensation enveloped tingled stomach scalp knees wobbled giving stumbled wall leaned weakly wave numbness spread stomach entire body including head eyes making mouth gap strength ebbed sank knees pressed fingers floor tumbling organic sense dread seized teeth chattered felt sweat sliding armpits groaned holding vision blurred gradually cleared saw furnace realized verge collapse soon glare drone fire eyes ears
say look girl room asked sure stairs bigger left eyes newspaper wanted pick afraid stepped door sure locked top stairs looked hurriedly kitchen saw bounded steps snatched paper opened saw line heavy black type stretched top front page seek hyde park heiress missing home saturday girl believed hiding communists police nab local red leader grilled relationship mary dalton authorities act tip supplied girl father picture jan center page jan turned story reading foolish dream solving problem human misery poverty dividing father real estate millions lowly force mary dalton leave palatial hyde park home parents mrs henry dalton boulevard assumed haired friends communist movement question police sought answer late tonight grilled jan executive secretary labor defenders communist front organization mary dalton held membership defiance father wishes story say jan held investigation eleventh street police station mary missing home clock saturday night
loud heavy pounding rumble thunder roof struggled upward fell flat deep soft snow eyes riveted white street roof bigger watched whirl beam flashlight look direction beam flashlight visible watched walk round awhile disappear quickly rose shut trapdoor leave open create suspicion fell flat listening sound running feet army thundering stairs run caught thundering grew louder knew nearing top floor lifted eyes looked directions watching roofs left want surprised creeping saw roof joined lay meant steal direction left joined roof building lay making icy runway lifted head looked roofs joined run roofs snow round chimneys building dropped ground jump kill mystic feeling cornered prompt act enable die shame
overcome drowsiness closed eyes opened abruptly door swung saw black face tall dressed black forward paused bigger pulled leaned elbow cot stretched dingy palm touching bigger hand mah po boy mercy yuh stared jet black suit remembered reverend hammond pastor mother church guard shut heart tried stifle feeling feared preacher feel remorseful wanted tell closely mind mother stood speak feelings tell difference evoked read papers love kind hate feel equally guilty yuh feel son asked answer voice hurried yo ma ast yuh wants preacher knelt concrete floor closed eyes bigger clamped teeth flexed muscles knew coming jesus turn yo eyes look inter heart po sinner yuh mercy yo ef ast fer bended knee yuh po inter hearts cups run yuh po yo mercy
want dalton asked coldly want die atone suffering caused responsible suppose want money fling millions max felt millions experienced deeply differently re help fundamental nature communism boomed pulling corners lips gentlemen let don childish boy going trial job enforce laws voice stopped door opened policeman looked inside asked boy folks bigger cringed want mother standing round looked wild pleading expression watched turned policeman im let em sat bigger felt legs trembling tense body mind door swung bounded stood middle room saw mother face wanted run push door standing hand doorknob hand clutched frayed pocketbook dropped ran throwing arms crying baby bigger body stiff dread indecision felt mother arms tight looked shoulder saw vera buddy slowly inside stand looking timidly
deal sides fence whites blacks workers employers women minds loom bad height weight assume proportions abnormal aspect construction situations arise feeling facing feel facing mountains floods seas forces nature size strength focus minds emotions degree tension unusual quiet routine urban tension exists limits urban undermining supporting gesture allow honor proceed cast blame ask mercy emphatically claim boy victim injustice ask court sympathetic object embracing character tell suffering stand today frequent lynchings floggings negroes country react part say caught mire blind emotion vicious game roll bloody river bloodier sea let banish minds thought unfortunate victim injustice concept injustice rests premise equal claims boy today makes claim think feel feeling terrible condemn justification
say honor give boy making concession uphold fundamental concepts civilization basic concepts built mightiest nation history personality security conviction person inviolate sustains equally let forget magnitude modern railroads power plants ocean liners airplanes steel mills flowered concepts grew dream creating invulnerable base soul stand secure honor court troops real agencies public peace mere presence proof letting peace slip fingers public peace act public trust faith secure remain secure wealth urge show force quick death swift revenge protect spot private security resentful millions resentful millions militant hearts dream hope security lives honor ask believe spare boy atom beg order black boy live die bigger heard max words ring courtroom max sat saw eyes tired sunken hear breath coming going heavily understood speech felt meaning tone max voice
midnight heard hours give clothes barber shop death cell told guards worry seconds cell put black cap eyes dead boy stand mind plan flex muscles shut eyes hold breath think absolutely hanging current struck lay cot stared tiny bright yellow electric bulb glowing ceiling head contained fire death tiny spirals heat inside glass globe wrap round attach wires iron cot dozed deep dream kill uneasy sleep heard voice guard thomas lawyer swung feet floor sat max standing bars guard unlocked door max walked bigger impulse rise remained seated max center floor stopped looked moment hello bigger silently bigger shook hands max quiet white solid real tangible presence vague thoughts hopes bigger woven round
parts simple farming settlements grew large cities end neolithic age development known urban revolution marked beginning civilization fact word civilization comes latin root civis meaning city development cities characteristic early civilizations characteristics included complex religions governments specialized skills occupations social classes methods recordkeeping earliest cities appeared river valleys cities emerged early valley tigris euphrates rivers western asia cities developed valleys nile river north africa indus river south asia yellow river east asia map page conditions river valleys favored development cities fertile soil valleys farmers produce surplus food rivers flooded water left deposits silt soil rich minerals land especially fertile flood waters brought needed moisture land river water irrigation dry periods addition rivers contained plentiful fish attracted animals additional sources food finally rivers served transportation arteries allowed trade goods food surpluses populations farming settlements increased villages grew cities populations earliest cities ranged thousand half million residents city dwellers undertook major projects clearing farm land building vast irrigation systems constructing temples palaces walls defense projects required organization leadership contributed development governments
curious question stones raised height wrote roman statesman livy livy wondered egyptians built pyramid giza kingdom pharaoh builders pyramid left written records archaeologists engineers pieced clues smaller unfinished pyramids tomb paintings showed egyptian builders moved heavy stones learned egyptians built pyramid wheels pulleys iron tools unknown step building pyramid flattening acre site pharaoh tomb tilt level rough terrain workers cut solid rock engineers string attached sticks trenches filled water sure ground level quarries stonecutters copper chisels wedges hard stone hammers cut huge slabs limestone granite shaped block precise measurements stonecutters carved names blocks cut pyramid site stones bear names crews vigorous gang north gang enduring gang average block weighed tons metric tons stonecutters prepared million stone blocks pyramid blocks quarries giza lower egypt limestone blocks granite king burial chamber brought upper egypt move stones workers laid log roadway quarry river edge ropes lashing blocks sleds workers hauled sleds nile water possibly milk poured log road sled runners reduce friction
sixth century events took place middle east greatly affect greek read chapter cyrus began carve empire persia successors gradually extended persian empire indus valley black sea cyrus conquered greek city states coast asia minor greek city states remained largely governing persian rule peoples coastal cities accepted situation city miletus revolted aftermath uprising greek attack persia miletus led greek cities asia minor powerful persian empire appealed mainland greeks help athens small city ships despite aid rebel cities crushed persians herodotus wrote history persian wars persian king darius learned athenian intervention swore revenge ordered servant repeat master remember athenians darius launched attack aegean sea teach greeks lesson main persian force landed plain marathon athens called neighbors help received support outnumbered athenians won stunning victory persians according legend pheidippides runner athenian army chosen carry news victory athens ran miles kilometers hilly terrain gasped message rejoice conquer died today marathon mile foot race
early middle ages german tribes set small kingdoms italy gaul spain britain north africa kingdoms constantly war gradually kingdom franks established control western roman empire governments german tribes simple compared complex system rome developed rule vast empire roman emperors depended citizens loyalty organized government german rulers depended personal loyalty warriors german tribes government officials taxes free gave unpaid military service rulers taxation largely unnecessary romans developed extensive written law codes settle disputes peoples german laws based custom laws designed prevent feuds families written laws existed lists fines specific crimes german kings extended rule parts western roman empire adapted ideas roman government theodoric established kingdom ostrogoths italy issued simplified version roman law areas roman influence weaker angles saxons jutes moved britain roman legions withdrawn peoples german customs languages eventually evolved modern english christian church helped preserve roman traditions german kingdoms roman monk augustine converted anglo saxons england set christian communities roman lines german kings relied heavily clergy educated western europe
peasant family live early middle ages historian eileen power studied sources construct picture peasant description typical peasant family based research peasant wife lived reign charlemagne farmed land manor paris family rose dawn son plowed fields tended small flock sheep worked vineyard joined neighboring peasants heavy carting wood harvesting crops times week neighbors left lands lord manor paid rent lord owned land peasants farmed peasants paid fees times walked lord house deliver chicken rent fine plump chicken fresh eggs farmed land worked home watched smallest children sheared sheep spun wool sewed garments family warm days worked vineyard prepared breads puddings family ate occasionally pork meat luxury seldom enjoyed peasant families sundays holidays family took break daily routine urging church charlemagne forbidden tending vines plowing fields reaping corn mowing hay setting hedges fencing woods cutting trees working quarries building houses holy days peasants attended church celebrated feast days saints church sang danced joked churchyard
powerful empires trading states flourished widely separated areas africa reflected diversity african geography peoples cultures bend upper nile kingdom kush developed ancient egypt active trade grew kingdoms merchants kush traded ivory gold ebony wood perfumes products egypt mediterranean traded extensively indian ocean kings queens kush riches trade build large walled palaces huge temple sun burial pyramids king led armies north conquered egypt successors ruled empire stretching mediterranean today ethiopia eventually retreated south assyrians armed weapons iron invaded egypt iron lost kush soon learned plentiful supply iron ore kush supported large iron industry capital meroe huge mounds glittering black slag waste product iron making lie ruins meroe kush declined southern neighbor axum grew power kush axum carried thriving trade mediterranean asia traders brought gold ivory animal hides interior africa ports red sea arabs took part trade settled alongside farmers merchants axum result civilization axum blended arab african cultures king axum converted christianity
voyages exploration europeans encountered foods eventually part everyday diets cinnamon black pepper imported east indies allowed europeans add flavors foods americas explorers brought home plants corn potatoes tomatoes kinds beans foods americas including chocolate cacao beans affected european customs eating habits columbus carried cacao beans spain caribbean conquistadores tasted drink aztec cacao beans aztec called drink meaning bitter water europeans called chocolate aztec spanish learned chocolate aztec dried shelled roasted cacao beans ground beans paste cooked fire adding vanilla spices paste divided small cakes chocolate drink combined paste water shook mixture vigorously chocolate drink delighted spaniards preferred sweeten bitter taste adding sugar nearly spain controlled production consumption chocolate tried protect monopoly food early recipe chocolate reached italy flanders chocolate immensely popular introduced claimed health benefits observer noted downed drink swallow admirable pleasure satisfaction added strength nourishment vigor late enterprising business opened chocolate houses london paris lingered cup hot chocolate discussed news
unlike european monarchs english kings queens limits power obliged respect tradition ruler obey law deal parliament english parliament won important rights parliament approved taxes passed laws proposed monarch advised monarchs monarchs power parliament named officials judges summoned dismissed parliament conducted policy monarchs headed church england tudor rulers henry viii daughter elizabeth forceful personalities recognized relations parliament henry recall sought obtained parliament approval establish church england elizabeth cautious policy dealings parliament lived simply ask money clearly established rights monarch scolded parliament interfering matters felt concern knew quiet offend parliament reign elizabeth popular queen managed maintain balance exercising power parliament preserved unity stability elizabeth died direct heir english throne passed stuarts ruling family scotland james vi scotland traveled south london crowned james england knew english politics james meaning ruler scholar supervised translation bible known king james version rewrote book called true law free monarchies
france constantly war french armies fought defensively coalition european monarchs crushing revolution napoleon france fought wars conquest napoleon created empire spanned continent europe early france fought major european powers including austria prussia britain russia skilled military leader napoleon moved troops rapidly unexpected ways massed troops austrian army austrians expected napoleon attack head surprise move french troops attacked austrians rear cutting retreat months later napoleon defeated austria russia countries peace napoleon terms shrewd diplomacy napoleon european powers divided unite managed prussia neutral war austria russia napoleon victories prussians fearful french power anxious napoleon dissolved holy roman empire reorganized german states confederation rhine finally prussia declared war france napoleon easily overpowered poorly led prussian army occupied berlin napoleon height power controlled empire stretched france borders russia map page governed france netherlands directly emperor nations spain italy confederation rhine satellite states rulers napoleon policies spain napoleon brother joseph king addition tied austria prussia france allies ruling vast empire napoleon helped spread ideas french revolution europe
bismarck step unification weaken austria ironically began campaign austria forming military alliance prussia austria joined forces seize provinces holstein ruled king denmark map page despite fierce resistance danish army austrians prussians quickly overran provinces according treaty ended war austria administer holstein prussia administer bismarck pleased outcome war expanded prussian influence division spoils war soon created trouble prussia austria gave bismarck excuse war austria going war austria bismarck wanted nations support austria vague promises territory france sure french stayed conflict russians promised neutrality bismarck reminded prussia helped suppress russian uprising poland promising venetia italy austria defeated won italian support bismarck dispute holstein provoke austria war prussian troops marched holstein austria declared war austrian forces match highly disciplined prussian army brilliant military leadership prussians moved troops rapidly railroad rapid firing weapons needle gun fired rounds minute weeks war observers stunned speed prussians defeated austrians weeks war bismarck humiliate austria weeks war avoid leaving desire revenge wrote later
japanese scholar trips europe united states late enthusiastically supported modernization japan excerpts autobiography expresses interest western ideas mission europe tried learn commonplace details foreign culture care study scientific technical subjects journey study books returned home felt learn common matters daily directly europeans describe books obvious common matters difficult comprehend instance saw hospital wanted run paid running expenses visited bank wished learn money deposited paid similar firsthand queries questions learned postal system military conscription draft force france england perplexing institution representative government asked gentleman election law kind institution parliament simply replied smile meaning suppose intelligent person expected ask question things difficult understand connection learned political parties liberal conservative fighting government comprehension understand fighting meant anyway fighting peace
fall napoleon delegates congress vienna worked peace settlement europe lasted local conflicts crimean franco prussian wars occurred general war europe relative lulled europeans believing general war simply happen century closed prospects continued peace dimmed nations europe increasingly troubled deep seated rivalries sparked mistrust outright hatred source rivalry growth nationalism read nationalism strong force europe nationalism increased politically united centuries british affected sought independent political identity ethnic groups austria hungary ottoman empire nationalism france germany created tensions countries french bitterly resented defeat franco prussian war anxious revenge determined regain alsace lorraine germany equally determined conquests nationalist feelings especially strong recently united peoples italy italy united country million italians living territories controlled austria hungary italian nationalists agitated regions united italy peoples living foreign rule sought government independence events europe contributed growing tensions early read european nations scrambled colonies africa asia age imperialism search raw materials markets status reached brink war
united states increased role vietnam american military advisers south vietnam american troops fighting alongside south vietnamese government forces war spread north vietnam july north vietnamese attacked american warships gulf tonkin united states congress declare war north vietnam adopt gulf tonkin resolution overwhelming vote congress authorized president measures repel armed attack prevent aggression president lyndon johnson resolution justify american bombing raids north vietnam american planes bombed routes north vietnamese reach south war continued increasing number americans called end american involvement vietnam presidential campaign richard nixon promised elected withdraw american troops vietnam president nixon ordered reduction american forces vietnam soon taking office american troops continued fight vietnam january american north vietnamese officials negotiated cease fire vietnam american troops withdrawn fighting vietnam end americans home armies north vietnam south vietnam battled control south april communists won war communists united north south vietnam saigon capital south vietnam renamed ho chi minh city vietnam war fighting spilled neighboring cambodia cambodia declared neutrality war north vietnamese set supply bases cambodia
major advances science occurred researchers solved age puzzles chemistry physics biochemistry medicine solving puzzles technological advances revolutionized lives war ii research scientists worked generally interested pure science developing theories events natural left applied science putting findings practical engineers technicians war ii research scientists physicists chemists worked alongside technicians develop weapons medicines technologies needed win war combination pure applied science produced important results team british scientists developed radar device radio waves detect objects united states group scientists working constructed atom bomb war experts science technology continued solve complex problems governments spent large sums pay scientific research development addition industries invested billions dollars scientific research research resulted thousands products inventions advances science technology dramatically evident area space exploration war ii german scientists working wernher von braun developed rockets weapons rocket guided missile launched london bases germany war german rocket specialists soviet union including von braun united states helped develop american missile rocket program
flocked zoos watch antics giant pandas chinese pandas captivity china place giant pandas live wild inhabit bamboo forests mountainous region szechwan province south central china shy giant pandas natural enemies weigh pounds chinese experts estimate today fewer giant pandas live wild giant pandas live zoos nearly country efforts save wildlife extinction chinese government declared pandas national treasures zoologists study wild zoologists habits giant panda want learn bashful animals order protect team chinese american zoologists recently traveled bamboo forests szechwan captured male panda outfitted radio collar released listened radio signals told daily travels sensitive radio collar picked sound munching bamboo shoots panda chief source food zoologists study giant pandas wild trying raise pandas captivity birth pandas weigh ounces look hairless white mice soon gain weight distinctive coat white black fur birth panda cub zoo international celebration pandas captivity produced offspring panda cubs born chinese zoos period
today think theater place amusement greek tragedies produced part annual religious festival athens plays presented entire populace city award playwright presented series dramas sophocles received prize productive plays put beneath bright skies greece huge outdoor amphitheaters modern football stadiums cut half built hillsides seated stage slightly raised platform open area ground details greek theater scholars believe stage backed structure pillars columns represent palace walls city actors wore masks contained built megaphones send voices vast theater platform shoes gave added height play depended words actors spoke subtle effects facial expression gesture actors movements broad bold kind theater relation realistic style drama expect today aspect greek theater confuses modern readers chorus find chorus musical comedies rare plays films greek chorus group actors moved sang actually plays developed kind community sing bit bit chorus grew told stories song verse
olive crop bumper trees flowered spell misty weather fruit set fine plantation farm reckoning jars glazed earthenware wine cellar suffice hold oil harvest order santo di jar greater capacity breast high pot mother superior community jars need scarcely say don dispute potter concerning jar hard picked quarrel trifle merely stone fallen boundary wall handful straw shout servants saddle mule hurry town file suit half ruined large sums spend court fees lawyers bills bringing actions person ended pay costs sides legal adviser grew tired seeing times week tried reduce frequency visits making present volume looked prayer book contained judicial code idea trouble rights wrongs case hurrying bring suit
seldom saw cooper spoke read times morning office took exercise dressed dinner dined sat river smoking chance ran cooper cut dead moment unconscious acted exist assuage animosity watched actions knew keen shot youth age acquired distaste killing wild things jungle sundays holidays cooper gun triumph shrugged shoulders chuckled counter jumpers trying sportsmen christmas bad ate dinner quarters deliberately drunk white hundred miles lived shouting distance beginning cooper fever caught sight surprised thin grown looked ill worn solitude unnatural due necessity getting nerves getting sleep night lay awake brooding cooper drinking heavily surely breaking point dealings natives took care expose chief rebuke fought grim silent battle
known shakespeare early age eighteen married ann hathaway children hear london early beginning actor poet playwright twenty connected lord chamberlain later king company actors worked globe theater decades wrote works shakespeare earned comfortable fortune theater retired stratford died shakespeare plays published lifetime permission thought pirated editions reliable strange today think writer carefully preserve manuscripts publish accurate texts writings death associates theater realized importance shakespeare brought carefully edited volume william shakespeare comedies histories tragedies important volume known folio shakespearean roles hamlet cleopatra lear falstaff lady macbeth centuries ultimate challenge actors actresses characters emerge stage printed page complicated individuals comedy tragedy stand side side find grim tense scene lively amusing moment quiet poetry succeeded noise full scale battle set magnificent forceful poetry flow language fits action moment lyric fits music song
macbeth twenty separate scenes scenes ten minutes perform action shuttles rapidly indoors castle battlefields witches caves fast pace shakespearean play depended part kind stage performed theater building kind enclosed courtyard open skies shakespeare henry calls wooden stage simple platform jutting audience rear doors exits entrances small curtained alcove interior scenes played balcony stage kings address armies juliet look romeo basic materials theater imagination language elaborate scenery today trees houses buildings rooms filled furniture need shift sets scenes rapid continuous action movie start scene shakespeare character speak lines tell audience place action speaker lines disturb modern reader remembered plays meant seen read reader responsibility action alive theater writing macbeth shakespeare common beliefs age shakespeare audience accepted concept divine kings ruler power directly god
extra period special drift counseling office file college catalogs catches eye sit start leafing thin partition ms logan office block voices meaning find listening conversation going inside sam ms logan saying let look choices grandfather wants thinks willing pay half college expenses prove grades program accepted university sam breaks drag want school earn money mean ms logan voice calm hear re saying sam job offer fast food restaurant valley sounds pretty assistant manager age compliment shouldn sam angry tone reflects conflict going inside head decisions easier younger visualize counselor friendly gaze leans forward maybe find easier decision think sam restaurant give quick payoff law school means postponing lot luxuries twenty marge looks happier seen fact think realize laughing lately hey happened greet believe cries
ann faraday british psychologist dream analysis favorite tool psychotherapy successful books dream power dream game awoke public interest dreams personal insight problem solving dr faraday explains interested dreams early night child full excitement drama terror parents teachers nocturnal adventures seriously dreams knew decided psychologist order explore mysteries manifests sleep dr faraday began form dream study groups groups adopted american indian motto respect brothers dreams interest dreams dr faraday crusader writes truth dreams powerful hidden talents buried beauty creative energy urge recognize actually lot nicer hitherto realized dr faraday says amazed inconsistency dream psychologists insist dreams reveal person true colors insight negative proverbial plain jane dreams beautiful successful dreams dismissed mere wish fulfillment attempts compensate harsh realities george garage mechanic dreams winning grand prix told earth stop indulging walter mitty daydreams dream daydream experience shown dreams actually intimations dreamer achieve effort waking
heard fakirs magicians india perform amazing tricks piece rope medical doctor known researcher psychic events describes demonstration according reports hundred onlookers threw rope air stayed unsupported small boy climbed rope disappeared parts boy cut body fell ground put pieces basket holding basket climbed rope boy alive witnesses including scientists arranged demonstration agreed description motion picture event showed simply walked center crowd threw rope air rope dropped ground film showed magician boy standing quietly center crowd demonstration hundred witnesses contrary rope stay air boy climb magical took place scientists looked hypnosis explanation knew altered consciousness created hypnotic effect mind accepts impossible question stage convince elvis presley audience green martians landed shoulder hypnosis entertainment hypnotism subject enters increased hypnotized focus attention completely hypnotist accept suggestion hypnotist gave condition fixed attention observers think asleep trance
jean piaget human understanding grows interaction children objects contact baby grasps throws sucks bangs strokes teddy bear chain learned behaviors started eventually lead child control environment seemingly simple concept influential modern developmental psychology born switzerland piaget interested zoology psychology early age published scientific paper age ten revolutionary theories intellectual development drawn observations based experiments wife conducted daughters lifetime piaget called greatest living psychologist piaget basic theory child master intellectual concept reached correct stage maturation piaget knowledge separated biology observations convinced children adapt environment fast biological development permits piaget discovered calls concept conservation adults changing shape object alter volume ball clay weighs rolled ball smashed pancake children age recognize apparently basic fact piaget trying find easy identifying children epilepsy discovered thought found method place coins beads front subject figure hide coins stretched remaining coins longer line epileptic child coins beads figure
tried athletic team part school play effort asked questions physically ready mentally prepared cope challenge handle emotional involvement answered yes questions ahead tryout real sense developed mind body point ready challenge try adulthood complete number psychologists call developmental tasks tasks completed successfully signs continuing maturation developmental tasks involve relate involve relate section find developmental tasks relate adolescents hear say looks important look idealized body image promoted media true children believe legend ugly duckling turned beautiful swan middle adolescence young realize models movie stars young overcome negative feelings looks achieving success school sports try hard compensate feelings inadequacy loudly aggressive terms body image close normal social contacts shy uncertain desirability fall periods depression plastic surgery helpful remedying defects severe scars adolescents discover heroic measures
anna symptoms faded clear vision improved night sitting father bed thought dying eyes filled tears moment asked tell wanting crying tears order watch bring close face squinting anna squinted caused poor vision hearing loss began brother caught listening father bedroom angry grabbed shook anna wanted hit afraid making scene partial deafness started night similarly cough began night heard dance music duty father bed music reminded fun missing briefly dreamed going party wish feel guilty mean wanted desert father unfortunately anna transferred affection father dr led breaking treatment wife jealous spent anna abrupt withdrawal case led anna put sanitarium later recovered live germany germany social workers devoting helping unwed mothers babies freud remembered case anna began treating emotionally disturbed patients found forgotten events lay root problems
neo freudian school psychology rejects freud emphasis sexual drives view adult neo freudians give greater emphasis influence social forces alfred adler stressed needs find positive expression inborn social urges wrote overcoming natural feelings inferiority compensation karen neurotic personality thought developed basic anxieties unresolved childhood listed neurotic needs grow attempts combat anxiety erik erikson identified psychological stages development pass lifetimes stage brings crisis mastered person move freely stage crisis adolescence identity role confusion carl jung important contributions personality theory interest concept collective unconscious ancient memories experiences human race collective unconscious jung identified universal thought patterns called help understand include earth mother hero wise death rebirth separate systems personality persona public mask wear conceal secret person underneath animus elements opposite sex found person shadow repressed animal side personality hidden goal wholeness fulfillment sought healthy personalities part mind personal unconscious organized groups feelings thoughts perceptions called complexes complexes power dominate personality individual able deal influence mother complex power complex
society dangerous women fall category known psychopathic personality mental health experts refer antisocial personalities attain material success easily impress quick minds creative abilities faculties don lie cheat steal reach goals aggressive exploitive behavior prevents establishing satisfying social sexual relationships gwen didn grades wanted school skillfully revised report card turn lazy learn routines talked pep club charming sponsor thrown squad missing games retaliated pouring sugar gas tank sponsor car gwen left school early altered sister diploma job looks ready smile couldn poor habits fired times month started hanging bars soon married older children marriage ended gwen disappeared tired taking care house children served prison caught writing bad checks gwen full promises changing probation officer hope gwen drinking heavily lasted weeks latest job gwen termed inadequate psychopath cope demands normal style gwen inadequate respond stress lying resorting petty crime deserting families
therapist add troubled patient encourage patient start talking therapist listens counsels occasionally controls discussion patient gradually gains understanding recovers control individual therapy freud relationship heart psychotherapy today despite growing popularity group therapies individual therapy remains choice troubled seek help choosing type therapy presents difficulty single psychotherapy rated effective effective sampling commonly therapies help understand goes therapist office chapter describes typical freudian analysis pages review modern systems therapy depend degree insights techniques developed sigmund freud psychoanalysts believe emotional disorders origins childhood demands id conflict superego caught want drives id thou shalt commands superego ego desperately moderate sexual drives light reality struggle leads painful conflicts individual represses experiences unconscious freud believed conflicts repressed repressed experiences lead feelings depression emotional problems repressed experiences emotionally disturbed manage live normal lives despite repression terrifying conflicts childhood psychoanalysts agree point
reason think problem situation systematically order decision inductive reasoning specific cases means reaching principle generalization suppose horror movie trouble sleeping nights sleep log reason inductively watching horror movies interferes sleep similarly research psychologist test effects overcrowding rats rats respond overcrowding developing signs neurotic behavior fighting caring young researcher induce principle overcrowding disturbed behavior rats deductive reasoning contrast general principles provide prediction insight specific cases deduce going marx brothers comedy won interfere sleep seen comedies scientist taught numerous pigeons play table tennis deduce pigeon learn play table tennis training type reasoning puzzle deduce obvious solutions won wouldn puzzle reason stop trying vi aha reaction problem solution reach tried answer worked suddenly knew aha insight sudden perception key relationships leads directly solution problem wolfgang kohler chimpanzee sultan figured important early demonstrations insight sixty ago
intelligence testing scientific basis began french psychologist alfred background medicine law entered field psychology soon asked paris school officials design classify retarded children properly educated tried measure intelligence compared head sizes looked palmistry careful measurements reaction techniques early collaborated psychologist theodore simon attempt establish exact standards measurement intelligence proposed series tests developed test increasing difficulty tests start lowest intellectual level observed end normal intelligence tests children rate intelligence level individual child group wrote principal conclusion actually possess instrument allow measure intellectual development young children measure intelligence doubt conceive future social sphere organized according known aptitudes particle psychic force lost society ideal city looked forward parents teachers intelligence tests understanding children father mother raise child satisfaction knowing intelligence child measured willingly effort find child intelligent
assume thinks behaves alike psychologists recognized uniqueness individual intelligence tests achievement aptitude tests measure thinking reasoning abilities wtih techniques wanted standardized method exploring emotions personality testing grew need tests designed measure emotions motivations attitudes ability relate properly help bridge gap exists image image despite widespread personality tests major weakness obtain valid results tests report openly honestly innermost feelings risk answer think answer fact test takers need help likely give dishonest evasive answers scoring personality tests subjective skillful examiners find vague inconsistent data resist objective evaluation personality tests divided general categories interest inventories clinical tests interest inventories help learn preferences style occupations leisure activities friends clinical personality tests contrast designed uncover emotional problems tendencies neurotic psychotic behavior experience personality tests comes interest inventory tests developed related factors ability guarantee success interested job activity factor interest inventory put touch potential interests didn
able control blood pressure stop pain headache cure insomnia biofeedback training accomplish apparent miracles ago proved mind control involuntary body function reduce heart rate autonomic body processes ability stay alive hours sealed coffins biofeedback shortcut meditation study required eastern disciplines process involves steps biofeedback devices monitor specific biological system brain waves muscle tension let assume high blood pressure wish lower case technician hook machine measures blood pressure input hookup arm translate red green lights control panel sit relaxed position watching lights red light means blood pressure high green light signals pressure decreased job green light biofeedback experts describe exactly process works receive exact data happening body function mind learn control function blood pressure worked feedback device times able green light mastered techniques able control blood pressure feedback machine true won able tell
marjorie grew close loving family lives furnished apartment job assistant editor pays dressed latest styles walks street turn look marjorie enjoys friends say intelligent responsible person recently turned twenty increasingly moody late asked describe feelings remains silent minutes begins talking parents close parents says allowed child chores college wrote home talk mother telephone ambition happy married parents enjoyed need things continues happiest goal instance mother boyfriend happy bubbling kettle marjorie eyes glisten tears goes maybe scared coming strong anyway broke relationship boyfriend depressing fine don fun marjorie sinks sofa voice sounds drained energy evenings lot taught busy look forward weekends
ralph problem exclusively father deeply involved point ralph point view heard later counseling psychologist want talk ralph parents facts obvious problem ralph drinking campus handled separately basic conflict ralph father win battle developed question ralph future disagreement father refuses accept fact son young adult ralph father thinks small business step upward family blue collar origins takes pride accomplished wise father insist son carry tradition ralph needs find identity limited father expectations ralph thought future carefully jumps career think job satisfaction income opportunities advancement social rewards working mechanic choice dead end job leave unhappy unfulfilled family counseling called ralph case therapist job gain commitment members family seek help problems hurdle overcome odds harmony restored household ralph set judge father realize father values leave cold lot sense father therapist help ralph able father human
obsidian located miles volcanoes trading center obsidian population settlement numbers thousand persons volcanoes obsidian bring treasure system trade runs want place traders obsidian purposely obsidian part goods bring trade ordinary produce hunting territories obsidian want special treasures copper shells pigments find territory things settlements obsidian money settlements possess unusual treasures trading centers obsidian exchange nearby hunting tribes obsidian brought paid ordinary hunting produce obsidian regional trading center treasures obsidian kinds major export obsidian export export service obtaining handling trading goods goods customers passes obsidian adds exports hide bags carry obsidian traders buy obsidian seeing bags wish obsidian knives arrowheads spearheads traded food obsidian supplied ways part comes hunting gathering territory
forty wife thirty daughter twenty born henry county georgia husband school reads wife finished seventh grade daughter grade rural school home worked farm shares crop produced earning dollar woman fifty seventy cents ten hours home room cottage garden rented dollars month owned pigs poultry cow household furniture worth food raise clothing bought commissary store price owner cared charge reading atlanta journal negro newspaper wonderful industrial opportunities offered negroes husband chicago february finding conditions satisfactory wife sell stock household goods join april secured stock yards working hours later employed casting company working ten hours earning week present employment forty minutes ride home home south park avenue bought worth furniture paying wife worked pullman yards cleaning cars ten hours house leaked damp cold family moved house south park avenue live
month signs improvement hopelessness took possession minds general abandonment country subject frequent discussion mood mind sunday sitting express office company dr fox joseph heywood known cincinnati short slender heavily bearded individual miner clothing entered room inquired letters invited seat soon talking resources country contrary expectation believe firmly mineral wealth asked experience mountains claimed arrived stated moments discovered gold bearing dirt streaks quartz rock ran mountain dirt claimed yielded dollar worth gold pan persons meantime entered office emphatically guarantee dollar pan dirt number follow place question added bring rope swing case found liar news discovery gold bearing quartz veins mountains reach cherry creek towns gulch discovery took gregory mine miner returned mountains auraria anxious obtain proof story heard days party bates iowa returned bringing pail full gold
santa clara county lies southern tip san francisco bay urban center city san jose county fertile valley low mountains side land santa clara valley highest quality streams ran mountains sea rainy season flooding lowlands producing fine deep topsoil tremendous underground water storage basin lay beneath wonderful soil mild climate promised growing season area settled late looking california gold soon discovered valley excellent farming grapes grown wine farmers tried peaches apricots cherries walnuts tree crops took farming methods perfected trees took mature farmers experiment find crop raise santa clara valley successful agricultural area san jose population county seat alto nice university town smaller towns valley towns service centers roughly acres orchards acres vegetable crops towns cities provided market farm produce san jose center food processing industry santa clara county called valley heart delight war ii things began change population began grow development began place san jose political administration bones plan making city los north politicians set goals growth limits land speculators took pushed county uncontrolled development
countries called command economies command economy economic decisions leader group leaders leaders elected democratically dictators china command economy government planners decisions produce produce produced kind planning government owns important means production farms factories chinese government planners face problem country faces scarcity resources choice produce need goods services food medical care country needs physical equipment factory buildings tools produce goods services future planners try priority produce things need chinese standard living low compared united states planners try food free medical care sets clothes basic needs met resources left produce factory buildings tools raise standard living future planning complicated starts estimating judging size farm crops supply food raw materials industry estimated planners try sure industry raw materials spare parts needs farmers industries
ruined thought eli whitney cotton gin pull seeds cotton fast cheaply able cheaper clothes gin easy copying paying idea october wrote partner labored hard labored shattered oar struggled vain whitney going give easily disappointment thinking heard government needed muskets federal army springfield massachusetts america musket hand took expensive part broke couldn buy part parts musket secretary treasury walcott received letter whitney undertake manufacture ten fifteen thousand muskets deliver walcott knew factory muskets congress debated giving whitney contract muskets words unbelievable walcott knew cotton gin willing chance whitney job going let entire gun slow costly guns figured divide job parts triggers
money city needs comes local taxes cities collect income tax lives city cases income tax collected city live business corporations pay income taxes profits sales tax source income cities sales tax percentage selling price product rate low product sold seller collects tax buyer seller turns money government cities largest source income property tax real property real estate means land permanently attached buildings trees minerals ground personal property means things attached land clothing furniture tax real property easy collect move building easy tax problems property tax country local governments property taxing power include county city special tax districts school districts water districts small afford hire professional assess property assess decide property assessors trained property taxed unfairly problem law put limits local governments tax property property exempt free property taxes include property owned federal government universities churches
goals expressions ideals economic decisions individuals society need goals mind decide economic policy bad aware objectives goal economic efficiency making scarce resources want resources need combination land labor capital management wastes resources keeps unproductive inefficient market system american seeking economic efficiency perfectly free market inefficient producer charge higher prices able stay business goal economic freedom worker means freedom choose job join union strike consumer freedom decide money spend save buy invest savings producer freedom free enterprise business produce goods services profit goal economic growth comes desire individuals want ahead higher income order buy goods services families society goal means raising standard living producing goods services gnp gross national product measures growth goal economic stability means fast drop number jobs fast rise prices economy stable millions workers lose jobs depression period demand goods services goes factories workers fully
frank citizens detroit brought suit city stop treating water supply chemical fluoride city claimed treating water helped prevent tooth decay lawsuit called class action suit group claimed represent entire class city water citizens argued city council treat water residents permission group scientific evidence benefits fluoridation city making subjects scientific experiment claimed private rights choose treatment water violated city dental associations argued favor treating water fluoride dentists presented deal evidence showing benefits fluoridation showed millions americans fluoridated water effects local court decided city full power protect health citizens tested proven methods preventing disease group appealed supreme court supreme court michigan decided case favor city group proved fluoridation harmful city protect citizens health easy inexpensive means power individual rights accept refuse fluoridation important public healthful water supply black linda brown bussed town school black public school topeka kansas
don sight reputation don capabilities possibilities don room person police officer person bad police officer benefit finest academic training police department offer benefited instruction measured examination marks achieved months don congratulate examinations measure kind cop re going don brought want police officers don reasons bad expect job bringing tell police officer start think turn mind don say warned city lived lives don city don don care backgrounds neighborhoods raised don haven seen going part don mean stories read newspapers picture murder victim wife children dope addict cravings matter graphically stories skim surface police officers going depths
plea bargaining taking burden courts prosecutor promises reduce charge recommend light sentence exchange guilty plea cases bargain worked carefully cases bargain worked minutes hall courtroom defendant appears judge police officers present testify defendant part bargaining police charged defendant crimes expect charges reduced action result charges prosecutor bargaining power unfortunately innocent forced pleading guilty plea bargaining process especially true accused person pay bail wait jail trial bail money paid accused person guarantee trial set free pay bail want face delay expense trial person found guilty trial sentence likely heavier guilty crimes lightly plea bargaining problem pleaded guilty exchange prosecutor promise lighter sentence claim promise records plea bargaining charge impossible prove important decision judge sets bail amount bail depends seriousness charge likely defendant trial
definition surprising john walton wolfe single powerful person columbus selection yearly member wolfe family easily occupied top spot early say columbus power structure begins ends wolfes families enormous influence community areas occasions say happens wolfes board columbus heavy argue times changing century wolfe family grip loosening prominent outstanding local businessman says history power columbus century divided periods says wolfe family era called shots big era decision making process central ohio dominated named wolfe lazarus re moving era community power widespread re transition change period terms leadership businessman says number tend agree partially view pressed number top mistake power columbus purely game conclude reluctantly john clear despite occasional rumors decline occasional family tragedies wolfe empire endures
honor relief aid dependent children disgrace honor explain deep makes feel lost rights vote feel feel look forward walking dead mind think straight category put don feel human talking feel low re smaller animal foundation re getting anywheres re going farther ahead impossible buy food pay rent buy clothes look decent live decent decent pretty rough times invite house don want invite figure house look social service want visiting sit table give cup coffee comes want person contributing finance family person live person don rights citizen assistance give nerve racking keeps mental strain bed nervous nervous
striking impact ethnic groups urban areas lies field bilingual education languages teaching students public bilingual education began united states cities york cincinnati public schools german language instruction classes bilingual education widespread congress passed bilingual education act act provided federal funds local schools wanted set bilingual educational programs programs mandatory supreme court united states case nichols ruled public schools provide special bilingual education programs students spoke english main kinds bilingual programs system students study subject partly native tongue partly english hopefully approximately schooling students longer need receive instruction native tongue regular classes system students continue receive instruction native tongue mastered english strong feelings bilingual education experts believe enables children learn skills learning english teaches children cultural background critics bilingual education argue separates ethnic groups rest american society keeps youngsters getting sufficiently education english enable obtain jobs feel bilingual education american tradition
worthwhile plan fails account social trends city planner removed city everyday live workable plan product close range study phase urban plan begins detailed study city individuals families groups reveal move space physical form city matched human needs planner makes research facilities interview teams statistical studies computers important city planning art making direct contact spring morning large group college students gathered north side chicago attended meeting fanned neighborhood months interviewed hundreds young midtown community going door door survey team asking young questions think neighborhood spend homework close friend live enjoy youth center community interviewers wanted youth area spent leisure felt safe streets opinions school church police future careers families results study part sided citywide survey findings survey putting chicago comprehensive plan plan centered attention improving quality city
jews america sephardim colonial times group america ashkenazic jews ashkenazim hebrew word meaning germany thousands mid century mainly germany number peddlers owners small shops evolved today notable department stores jews lived united states east european jews ashkenazim fled czarist russia russian poland escape discrimination oppression compelled live special area called pale settlement owning land barred professions restricted quotas schools higher learning czarist government inspired outbursts violence called rumania hungarian empire jews subjected similar indignities beginning east european jews fled inspired zionism turkish controlled palestine rebuild jewish national homeland united states largest wave jewish immigrants totaled million jews settled northeast forming ethnic enclaves major cities york philadelphia boston chicago found needle trades owners remaining workers helped create garment trades labor unions jews pioneered motion picture radio industries jewish parents encouraged children seek higher education enter professions east european immigrants america included hungarians million immigrants continued arrive scandinavia germany ireland britain
immigrants experienced discrimination native born americans descendants earlier immigrants considered representative majority groups newcomers belittled word mouth newspapers books hired advanced fired excluded residential areas hotels restaurants clubs faced restrictive admission quotas institutions higher learning discrimination largely rooted fears suspicions groups outsiders follows physical differences newcomers color skin slant eyes shape heads newcomers meant competition jobs business opportunities college admissions political offices newcomers observed strange customs worshipped god unfamiliar ways maintained style fearful prejudiced eyes individuals personal weaknesses strengths strangers exhibiting alien traits distorted representations based exaggeration ignorance error reinforced repetition known stereotypes immigrants adapted american cultural patterns deliberate actions pressures living american society learned speak read english language secured understanding american history government citizens naturalization took part american politics acquired customs traditions america foods songs sports holidays acculturation immigrants process americanization hard define point process americanization immigrants figuratively crossed culture part american achieved assimilation
settlers northwest territory area bounded ohio mississippi rivers lakes northwest ordinance provided civil liberties territorial government eventual statehood indians northwest territory ordinance called treated utmost faith lands property consent provisions intended protect indians soon proved meaningless settlers pushed territory occupied lands claimed indians received military protection indian attacks william henry harrison governor indiana territory employed questionable methods including threats bribes liquor induce indians cede substantial land areas harrison opposed tecumseh shawnee chief denied tribe cede lands insisted tribes owned lands united tribes oppose whites harrison defeated tecumseh forces battle tippecanoe war americans fought northwest indians allied british war americans drove remaining indians northwest territory westward mississippi colonial days onward indians american southeast fled florida native indians runaway slaves formed tribe seminoles spanish authorities florida weak restrain seminoles raided american settlements southeast retreated safety international border andrew jackson led american military force florida captured spanish forts crushed seminole indians spain lost west florida united states feared loss rest florida
founding fathers provided constitution effect ratified conventions thirteen states disregarded articles confederation approved unanimously federalists supporters constitution consisted business property interests considered nation important argued constitution provide stable government capable maintaining law order furthering economic prosperity commanding respect abroad federalists opponents constitution consisted farmers city workers gave chief loyalty community argued constitution served propertied classes threatened powers states left unprotected federal encroachment civil liberties acknowledging argument federalists pledged add bill rights constitution held constitutional convention consider ratification populous states delaware jersey georgia quickly overwhelmingly gave approval populous states approved ratification slowly narrow margins massachusetts sixth ratify convention voted virginia tenth convention vote york eleventh convention voted george washington inaugurated president government constitution ratified states north carolina rhode island states bound strong federal union organized group federalists expended energy money achieving ratification ratifying conventions federalists won support doubtful delegates delayed voting assured majority
buchanan authority move seceding southern states lincoln held views constitutional responsibilities inauguration acted lincoln expanded regular army called army volunteers spent funds appropriated explaining congress met special session approve actions stretching war powers commander chief lincoln ordered naval blockade southern ports substituted martial law civil law states writ habeas corpus keeping southern sympathizers jail issued emancipation proclamation declaring free slaves confederacy weaken southern war effort lincoln reasoned choose existing means agencies processes congress provided let government fall ruin availing broader powers conferred constitution cases insurrection effort save blessings present age posterity presiding nation crisis free times roosevelt acted vigorously foreign affairs aided panama gain independence colombia speeding treaty allowing america construct panama canal domestic affairs roosevelt pursued policies curbing bad trusts promoting conservation natural resources protecting consumer roosevelt rallied public support leadership called white house bully pulpit theorized view executive officer high position steward declined adopt view imperatively nation president find specific authorization
daniel webster massachusetts won fame orator lawyer representative secretary nearly senator end decade webster nationalist advocating protective tariff national bank strong central government constitutional lawyer supreme court presented nationalist position won major cases dartmouth college case mcculloch maryland check index cases debate senator robert south carolina webster delivered speech considered greatest senate history webster calhoun states rights arguments presented union viewpoint concluded liberty union forever inseparable supporting slavery compromise webster alienated northern antislavery webster insisted speaking northern american robert la wisconsin progressive republican early battled domestic reforms opposing regular republican leadership allied railroad lumber interests la elected times governor wisconsin secured legislation regulate railroads curb lobbying begin civil service reform provide equitable taxation elected senator la remained regular republican establishment lonely senate fought vigorously railroad regulation lower tariffs progressive laws war era la strict isolationist opposing american entrance war membership league nations elections dismayed conservative republican program candidate la ran president progressive party ticket lost election la polled million votes polled previous party candidate
close napoleonic wars europeans seeking migrate united states travel greater safety development ocean crossing steamboat travel greater comfort speed immigrants america rapidly rising numbers check index immigration addition immigrants united states experienced high native birthrate result soaring american population million million war americans growing numbers began moving westward war battles destroyed hostile indian forces west safer settlement war shut shipping industry englanders lost jobs moved westward federal government offered settlers cheap land acres acre finally western territories states adopted policies attract settlers settlers west appalachian mountains doubled number half american population lived western territories achieved sufficient population admitted union states western territories states growth westward movement american population major impact american economic meant farmers help raise agricultural surpluses workers build transportation facilities labor factories consumers purchase foodstuffs manufactured goods urban dwellers crowd cities start impact need improved methods transportation war settlers traveling lancaster turnpike toll road built private company linked philadelphia lancaster
colonial farmers employed primitive implements methods simple crudely constructed tools rake hoe scythe wooden plow cultivated farms inefficiently knowledge proper soil care secure additional fertile land low cost worked hours exhausting tasks harvests remained small productivity output worker low agricultural methods changed parent child term agricultural revolution refers change primitive modern farming methods farm machinery scientific agriculture united states agricultural revolution began early century continues rapid pace centuries farmer basic tool wooden plow charles invented cast iron plow jethro wood designed cast iron plow turned soil easily deeply plow advanced plows designed john deere invented cleaning steel plow james oliver perfected plow chilled iron pioneer devising farm machinery cyrus mccormick invented reaper cut grain times faster scythe agricultural inventions included thresher separate grain stalk harvester cut bind grain combine cut sack grain tractor pull equipment field corn planter potato digger electric cotton picker
act replaced defunct section wagner act prohibited employers interstate commerce committing unfair labor practices relating collective bargaining forbade employers interfere labor organize interfere operation unions contained names active union members denied jobs trouble makers hire labor spies infiltrate unions secure confidential information membership plans organize company unions discriminate union members refuse bargain collectively employees created national labor relations board nlrb enforce prohibitions hold elections workers determine choice union represent similar wagner acts passed industrial states regulate labor relations intrastate commerce guaranteeing collective bargaining wagner act largely responsible subsequent growth legitimate union membership company unions dissolved number workers genuine unions grew million million employer groups led national association manufacturers condemned wagner act giving power labor provisions severely modified taft hartley act check index act act began modest insurance program combat economic insecurity due unemployment age proponents social security argued financing humanitarian protected individuals hazards control opponents argued socialistic substituted government financial assistance private initiative weakened individual
automation refers complex machines receive information process called feedback able information control machines entire production processes computers utilize memory banks store vast amounts data able utilize data perform routine clerical tasks solve problems automation known study complex electronic calculating machines cybernetics automation touches lives ways homes heated oil automation thermostat set maintain temperature say degrees controlling furnace temperature drops degrees thermostat receives information feedback temperature gauge starts furnace conversely temperature goes degrees thermostat shuts furnace schools automation computers prepare student programs enter attendance fill report cards schedule examinations retrieve call information regarding student record traffic control automation regulate flow motor vehicles varying operation traffic lights banks automation record deposits withdrawals compute interest sort checks airports automation space incoming outgoing planes federal internal revenue service automation check accuracy completeness income tax returns ford motor company plant automatic control panel moves rough casting machines linked casting emerges finished engine block automated process takes minutes compared conventional process hours industries chemical manufacturing oil refining electric power generating bread baking automation systems control instruments operate entire production process raw materials finished product
colonial times theatrical performances held england violated severe moral code puritanism plays occasionally presented large cities york philadelphia charleston plays closely imitated english stage century america theatre flourished century end playhouse existed sizable towns cities touring companies visited playhouses presenting dramatic version popular uncle tom cabin plays william shakespeare noted shakespearean actor era edwin booth american plays lacked dramatic quality intellectual challenge hastily written presentation vehicles designed enable popular actors display talents ordered theatre managers cater public taste assure box office success titles representative century plays indian princess rip van winkle heart maryland texas steer century especially war american theatre experienced improved staging theatres utilized newest technological developments electric lighting revolving stages realistic props addition theatres broadway area york city white central districts major cities numerous theatres appeared heretofore unlikely areas small experimental theatres broadway york city summer stock rural communities facilities major universities theatres gave aspiring newcomers training theatrical skills produced plays known writers longer dominated actors theatre managers american writers created works literature possessing dramatic impact
history americans sought protection crime establishing law enforcement agencies colonial america town watchmen local officials provided protection criminals punished public branded forehead flogged whipping post locked stocks heavy wooden frame confining criminal wrists ankles frontier communities settlers took law hands forming groups called vigilantes known cattle country mining camps vigilante groups whipped hanged offenders prior trial frontier communities settled vigilantes gave federal marshals local sheriffs law enforcement today cities counties states maintain police forces states national guard called federal service command governor federal government maintains law enforcement agencies justice department federal bureau investigation fbi drug enforcement administration absorbed bureau narcotics dangerous drugs fbi investigates offenses federal laws including matters espionage sabotage subversion interstate kidnapping robbery banks affiliated federal reserve system interstate transportation stolen motor vehicles interstate crimes fbi maintains extensive fingerprint identification file modern crime detection laboratory trains local law enforcement agents cooperates criminals gathers national crime data drug enforcement administration enforces federal narcotics laws dry sources illegal drugs stop drug pushers united states postal service maintains inspectors combat mail frauds thefts robberies mails free explosive devices letter bombs
late clergy dominated iranian parliament proposed free hostages american acceptance conditions algeria serving intermediary united states iran negotiated excessive iranian demands slowed progress president elect reagan denounced iranians criminals kidnappers iran moved conclude negotiations outgoing carter administration final agreement follows united states interfere iran internal affairs end embargo iran united states return algeria billion frozen iranian assets billion repay american banks previously loans iran united states later transfer additional frozen iranian assets billion part turned iran part held satisfy private american claims iran nations establish arbitration commission americans iranians decide claims american individuals corporations iran hostages excluded claiming damages iran iran allowed sue american courts late shah assets discovered united states january president reagan inaugurated hostages days captivity departed iran algerian plane days later returned united states received heroes welcomes hostages told physical mental brutality practiced iranian captors president reagan expressed america outrage pledged honor agreement president cautioned american concerns attempting business iran secretary alexander haig stated united states refund money send iran previously paid military equipment
britain soviet union united states china france states china representatives geneva negotiate settlement geneva agreements signed united states south vietnam called laos cambodia independent observe neutrality cold war vietnam divided parallel north communist government hanoi south french sponsored communist government saigon north south vote mid single vietnam government ho chi minh established communist dictatorship increased army strength eliminated private enterprise received considerable russian chinese aid communists sought control south vietnam saigon government fully independent france strongly communist rejected plans vietnam elections argued honest elections impossible communist north undermine saigon government communist vietcong waged guerrilla warfare south terrorizing villagers killing government supporters established vietcong control large rural areas saigon requested american aid granted president eisenhower later expanded president kennedy american leaders feared communist takeover south vietnam bordering nations southeast asia fall communists row falling dominoes limited number american troops military advisers south vietnam american naval units patrolled international waters gulf tonkin north vietnamese torpedo boats attacked american destroyers gulf president johnson ordered air strike north vietnam naval bases president action received unanimous support congress vote gulf tonkin resolution congress repealed resolution
outbreak cold war united states concentrated attention europe programs truman doctrine marshall plan nato east defense south korea opposition communist china confident neighbor policy assure solidarity western hemisphere united states tended neglect latin america real problems totaling million population latin america growing faster area surpassing growth latin america economy population explosion hinders efforts raise living standards whites large minority chiefly descendants spanish colonists brazil whites portuguese descent whites include recent immigrants italians germans generally whites constitute upper middle classes large estates occupy high positions dominant roman catholic church armed forces government rest population consists large minority mestizos mixed white indian ancestry smaller groups indians blacks lower classes city workers peasants divisions latin america population add overtones race nationality economic problems latin america rate illiteracy percent century trend church control education free public schools children receive education begin early age schools predominantly white countries argentina uruguay chile costa rica illiteracy low predominantly mestizo indian black countries bolivia guatemala haiti illiteracy high
story set days empires roman empire century rome gained control land strait gibraltar atlantic ocean eastward caspian sea asia rome power extended egypt africa northward north sea europe century peace prosperity empire century barbarian tribes outsiders civilized romans goths beginning raid empire rome government longer secure rebellion rebellion emperors died natural deaths roman soldiers longer fought invaders fought power home soldiers stole peasants bankers took wealthy roman empire crumbling century roman empire hollow shell rome weakened barbarian invasions food short supply starving business trade free farmers owned small plots land hit hard taxes rose higher higher small farmers found unable pay debts forced give farms farms rich turn hired poor tenants tenants paid landlord part crops number days landlord passed tenants complete control landlords
sunlight comes lonely room soon leave cell join brother monks prayer breakfast cold wait feel earth hands job today pull weeds vegetable patch backbreaking love bend dig weed bend dig bend dig stop moving sun warm head doors sight god working working forget village forget friends hear voices talk fool voices months monastery months hundred brother monks talk vow talk special permission hearing voices voices god help strong pray monastery knight wouldn proud sir denis brother denis hate fighting kill sick stomach thinking blood rich merchant bought sold rich want money means enjoy poor happy village priest sure church talk
english ugly mood today curse wave fists rough hands hold tie stake soon executioner set fire straw burned alive silently pray maker passes strange peasant girl read write chosen god achieve miracle strange chosen save france remember difficult days nearly england france locked bitter war france fallen english hands talk king england soon crowned king france happen english captured city orleans french expected city fall moment heard voices voices urged lead french victory orleans remember trying run voices afraid matter tried voices continued speak finally asked meeting french leaders howled laughter explained mission girl going lead army english home milk cows protect voices let home finally leaders decided chance amused army captains dressed armor riding horse common soldiers loved swore risk lives protect
father asked king charles plenty priest fear fear replied charles don fool king england afraid walk head chopper soon pass gates heaven sire afraid afraid king god representative earth god walked guided human priest mistakes understand king perfect father mistakes belong jail parliament agree neck feel ax parliament give money hold court traitors refused money fight war spain sire known parliament represented english understanding couldn give rest answered king angrily ordinary parliament needed push king england treated fool things difficult reign parliament listened asked highness excite try calm want admit mistakes lifetime
seen streets crowded jeanne running haven heard george replied re going capture bastille capture bastille possibly imagine thing prison fortress soldiers defending thick walls cannons top mob guns killed purpose waste won killed say plain nonsense george impatiently fool want die say bastille thousands hundred mob want stop soldiers coming give fight don surprised side side asked jeanne don understand going side running screaming yelling hurray revolution liberty equality lips completely confused jeanne months act asleep america haven heard revolution don understand france going changed things change revolution things repeated jeanne thing don understand haven asleep certainly don pay attention politics francs try survive felt government king nobles
french revolution path louis xvi live bring revolutionists live british solution parliament king louis able crown accepted declaration rights inspired united states declaration independence women considered equal class lines created birth erased constitution ruled king stay throne real power hands legislature lawmaking body days lives french surprise bloodshed revolution success scene changed france thrown war powers austria prussia french government deep trouble louis xvi accept role powerful king hoped european kings win war france rescue idle dream french government overthrown radical extreme group called jacobins louis found guilty treason plotting enemies france government dangerous situation fighting war powerful enemies fighting enemies france felt surrounded trusted including members jacobins answer start reign terror rule death french accused traitors
explain feeling capitalist system conrad hate mind feel interrupted kevin hiding system re living rich run factories businesses richer exploit rich richer poor poorer exploit word asked kevin don simple words understand meant rich poor rich paid money bad exactly point kevin rich greedy capitalists decide pay pay re worth profit sweat broken backs hands break chains kevin throw capitalists faces capitalists money kevin refused excited imagination nerve try machines products conrad worker poor someday earn don money factory owner hire capitalist puts pays eat family live want satisfied asked conrad tell capitalists tell perfectly poor rich
forget shrugged lawrence talking big waste fair stop complaining smiled roger bit hot headed calm say let discuss grown discuss believe england control lands lives asian african peoples don simple simple answered roger poor dirty savages need concerned mocked lawrence england business helping poor lawrence annoy england helped poor duty help assigns england duty lord course answered roger englishman lawrence civilized race duty guide poor devils teach ways burden suppose don ways don fool lawrence welcome open arms stop wars feed clothe teach read write teach give thanks lord blessings pay bills blessings english course shouldn pay paid full asians africans begin buy english goods miserable pay goods lawrence asked resources payment
sun love country fear future foreigners insult outsiders grow rich chinese soil barely living country invaded disgraced china governed corrupt officials stopped attempt reform laws bring china date understand ways dying doomed die london raise money followers decided rid china manchu rulers move china forward government price head thousands miles home knew dangerous enemies close hand prepared leave apartment knock door enter burst room grabbed pushed waiting carriage chinese embassy dragged basement tied chair later appeared door seen manchu ambassador england walked looked eyes slapped hard face worst kind traitor throw mud country face strangers attack travel tell unspeakable lies dangerous barbarian spoke puffed lips command respect nations true chinese government help grow strong free minds empress government
thousands german soldiers standing trenches waiting signal attack hours german artillery fire hitting french positions shelling stopped german soldier knew soon order leave trench try capture french strongholds soldiers worried faces talking nervously waited attack begin hans afraid asked eric course afraid fool madman answered hans afraid eric death living eric don talk fool shouldn fools fool volunteer spend live living mud fighting rats scraps bread interrupted hans remember german soldier oath protect fatherland duty suffer suffering bring peace country let complain weak soldier learn hide feelings believe things eric answered sadly suddenly command charge hans eric picked weapons pulled trench wall find land area german french trenches shells exploding suddenly smell gas air soldiers stopped quickly put waited lungs filled poison gas choked death hans eric approached enemy trenches barbed wire began cut
drinking asked pierre student early twenties pierre spoke sat watching crowd pierre stranger known night night cafe spoke curious pierre tried strike conversation waiter shouted pierre bring bottle wine friend stranger looked notice pierre mind join asked pierre stranger shrugged turned pierre sat studied stranger moments asked matter answered stranger going concerns puzzle pierre knows asked stranger don drink dance smoke jokes yes answered pierre thinks don goes night place dead don understand pierre beginning feel uncomfortable war muttered stranger died war war ended ago protested pierre mentions think nightmares join drink answers wine bottle answered stranger look answers asked pierre past dead
call revolutionary muttered vladimir known lenin talking government leader alexander course revolutionary answered transferring government czar saying bye misery corruption revolutionary fool replied lenin fool believe daydreams reddened stop talking schoolboy followers speeches street corners putting government give hope russians love freedom democracy moves slowly understand return love feel love asked lenin hate fool don understand tell hate understand cruelty don understand course don don understand want war want land bread don care things filled hatred hate rich educated privileged hate feel stupid clumsy inferior follow shrewd punish hate strong fear shouted russian brave fight war land bread
end war ii difficult riots revolutions civil wars wars nations occurred superpowers united states soviet union angry faces supported sides battle arms arms careful confront war united states stood soviet union took czechoslovakia put riot poland revolution hungary built wall east berlin west berlin united states sided soviet union middle east israel england france invaded egypt soviets threatened war countries pull soviet union watched united states guns greece help put communist threat stood united states rearmed western europe forming north atlantic treaty organization nato soviet union send troops korea vietnam united states sending arms places nations fought speeches threats help nations united nations direct force superpowers united states soviet union stopped short going war weapons destroy entire times learned live learned lessons past
end war ii ho asked united states government help stop french regaining control vietnam united states government trust ho communist united states decided help french regain control vietnam french armed heavy weapons trained army air force troops united states guns money ho army small band armed light weapons ho admit defeat army lived worked alongside vietnam soldiers hit run tactics ran french morning attacked afternoon french suffered defeat defeat french gave gave vietnam vietnam divided parts north communist government hanoi south non communist government saigon slowly united states began place french vietnam americans helped train supply south vietnamese army american soldiers advise south vietnamese united states planes dropping bombs north vietnam later american troops battle sides suffered heavy losses north vietnamese fought control entire country americans fought communists gaining control united states fought help south vietnamese choose war uglier communist troops tortured killed soldiers civilians vietnamese peasants afraid help communists didn help communists throats slit examples cheap vietnam
dr ehrlich called reporter york times repeat figures gladly dr ehrlich comes soon going able grow food feed live planet billion living earth hundred ago billion planet population double today doubles continue feed suggest asked reporter chicago tribune dr ehrlich answered immediately limit family children sputtered editor national review unthinkable bear children wish reporters listened interest agreed editor national review found hard dr ehrlich statements seriously ladies gentlemen dr ehrlich believe saying believe reporter york daily news don think worry hundred scientists invented ways feeding ladies gentlemen dr ehrlich don hundred left crisis oil lead zinc tin water short supply food minute starving death millions starving population grown billion billion
single women succeeded brilliantly colonial margaret brent arrived maryland received acres brother giles repayment money owed considerable business ability brent wealthy influential unusual woman lived managed affairs appeared court business matters demanded allowed vote maryland assembly request denied protested entitled vote owned land unmarried woman eliza lucas successful planter south carolina family industrious young woman charge father business affairs began experiment find crops land late indigo crop chief export south carolina eliza lucas married charles pinckney widower older result lost rights held single woman english common law choose marry marriage meant loss personal rights part answer lay european religious social beliefs marriage natural women find meaning wives mothers result unmarried persons especially women considered pitiable limited opportunity women support single women financial burdens male relatives women encouraged marry religious social reasons economic
americans roger williams expelled massachusetts radical religious beliefs fewer heard anne hutchinson large family children educated expelled puritan community hutchinson male followers accepted equal began challenge accepted ideas puritan leaders accused teaching untruths dividing community trial leaders told erred stepping place woman crimes excommunicated expelled colony anne hutchinson remembered part struggle freedom thought america forerunner fight women rights restrictive nature puritan society tended limit free expression resulted bizarre behavior witchcraft hysteria began tituba slave woman barbados told stories witchcraft group children started barking mewing accused bewitching girls seriously women accused executed witches majority witnesses cases women convictions reversed late women unfortunate martha rebecca nurse hanged explanations hysterical outburst ranging political problems puritans problems caused enormous restrictions daily clear massachusetts colonies witches hunted women played controversial unfortunate role
march abigail adams wrote husband john philadelphia continental congress wrote hoped remember ladies code laws thought write generous favorable ancestors remember reminded tyrants amazed threatened foment rebellion women voice government amused july abigail adams american women able read finished declaration independence contained words hold truths evident created equal apparently traditional ideas proper role women influenced fathers nation abigail adams radical unusual beliefs declaration independence response american colonists british restrictions decades colonists objected unfair taxes trade limitations lack representation british parliament relationship england colonies worsened writers began encourage women participate patriotic activities formed sons liberty boycotted british goods groups women organized daughters liberty societies woman joined group spun thread clothes replace goods longer imported england urged stop drinking tea tea supplied english daughters liberty publicized substitutes tea sage birch brew rosemary difficult prepare mixture called liberty tea abigail adams wrote tea weed arrived
willard encouraged knowledge body include gymnastics course physiology curriculum fact visitors shocked girls studying human circulatory system willard forced cover parts human body heavy paper texts catherine beecher outstanding teacher trainer revised courses study stressing specialization teaching physical education beecher believed women proper place home felt educated role november mary lyon opened mt holyoke female seminary red brick building south hadley massachusetts school boasted curriculum equal colleges creation mt holyoke woman wished higher education oberlin college ohio early coeducational college nation outstanding female leaders century educated oberlin college admit black students occasionally rare woman received superior education margaret fuller father wanted show superior boy taught languages classics brilliant woman leading boston scholar fuller edited literary journal dial female reporter york tribune tragically husband child drowned shipwreck black children opportunity formal education united states civil war black women white women war tried change miner white woman faced fierce opposition started school train young black women teachers washington
suggestion studying medicine presented lady friend friend finally died painful disease delicate nature methods treatment constant suffering fond study health leisure study medicine treated lady doctor worst sufferings spared repudiated suggestion impossible saying hated connected body bear sight medical book true foolishly ashamed form illness attacked intermittent fever desperately tried walk deadly chill unable shut dark room till stage fever feeling subjection disease contemptible school girl tried harden body sleeping floor night passing couple days food foolish notion subduing physical nature thought dwelling physical structure body ailments filled disgust resolutely tried weeks put idea suggested friend constantly slightest idea physician course study purpose idea gain force wrote consulted physicians known family parts country possibility lady doctor
elizabeth stanton husband henry radical abolitionist returned london moved seneca falls york henry stanton active law politics wife stayed home caring children explained later fully understood practical difficulties women contend isolated household shortly lucretia mott visiting nearby jane hunt martha wright mrs mott sister mary ann mcclintock quakers decided call meeting announcement appeared july issue seneca county courier july persons appeared seneca falls convention held small chapel town forty demanded included advertisement excluded convention meeting chaired james mott lucretia mott husband women felt able run elizabeth cady stanton speech continue speaking felt question woman wrongs laid public woman woman understand height depth length breadth degradation convention declaration sentiments patterned declaration independence presented women wrote women created equal endowed creator inalienable rights liberty pursuit happiness history mankind history repeated injuries part woman direct object establishment absolute tyranny
conspirators home swift hand justice stand judgement seat mrs friends constant faithful manipulated presses created public sentiment papers received singularly unanimous supposition president commute sentence mrs imprisonment sentiment found echo known counsel family friends culprit determined exertion strain nerve strong pull tug tender heart president behalf woman sick woman woman knew business sick strength sufficient fearful purpose stern sentence justice absolute execution heard express desire woman spared weary hours passed quiet prison knew president nature supposed instant sentence changed miles spent deal money witness execution night execution wore mrs removed larger room confined illness began toss uneasily narrow bed ill kind offices physician frequently needed conscious approach betook preparation soul infinite journey rallied mentally physically determined evidently bear brave scaffold
women fought individually improve lives american mothers children names numerous list representative examples show wide range interests period grace dodge york helped form association working girls societies national association worked obtain vocational training young public schools interest education led appointment york city board education dodge leader founding columbia university teachers college vocational high school york city bears dodge honor fields sara josephine baker york summer reduced infant mortality dramatically traveled house house instructing poverty stricken women child care baker earned division child hygiene york public health agency devoted children health fellows bacon changed children contracted scarlet fever believed poor school children unknowingly carried disease children caught belief led volunteer slums indiana appalled conditions found bacon started battle improve tenements housed poor included addressing indiana legislature successful obtaining regulation housing indiana actions reformers designed create feminist revolution directly related changing role american women played society reformers considered americans proper sphere woman activities
committee sessions public meetings collection food stuffs supervising feeding homeless numerous children finally organization mass meeting union square entirely filled meeting union square preceded demonstration marching columns counted thousands girls women front head carrying red banner crimson waved proudly air seen blocks soul vibrated intensity moment prepared speech writing inspiring reached union square saw huge mass humanity notes appeared cold meaningless atmosphere ranks tense owing events week labor politicians appealed york legislature relief distress pleas met evasions unemployed starving outraged callous indifference suffering women children result air union square charged bitterness indignation spirit quickly communicating scheduled speaker barely endure wait finally speeches turn heard shouted thousand throats stepped forward saw dense mass pale pinched faces upturned heart beat temples throbbed knees shook women began amidst sudden silence realize worst enemy machine crushes order sustain ruling class masters naive children put trust political leaders
younger women harder task want equality business harder vote fight individuals women unite competition proved correct vote gained unity women disappeared partly due conservative reaction end war women organizations linked communist activity opposed problems led divisions women seen difficulties achieving child labor legislation prewar child labor legislation declared unconstitutional attempt pass child labor amendment led florence kelley national consumers league unsuccessful labeled communist plot defeat consumers league declined importance progressive women groups suffrage lead formation group league women voters organized designed educate newly women promote government women discovered suffrage gave political power earlier bloc vote women suffrage granted gained high offices women governors nellie ross wyoming miriam ma ferguson texas husbands position ferguson husband impeached convicted slogan governors price rankin female representative alice robertson elected house huck succeeded dead father
found walking yards girl approaching sweet sixteen held middle broad sidewalk apparently home high school block passed college campus students afternoon sports chewing gum occasionally bringing tidbit pocket mouth taking sight gait swagger superior howdy billy called youth fancied classmate hello boys greeting later soon turned heel wandered meet glance comely happy innocent vividly tinted face swerved side middle walk feel surprise overmuch stepped edge gutter removed hat apologizing trespassing preserves belonged difference suspect remained unconscious existence block felt liberty look carefully wore knitted hat brim flame bonfire hue henna scarf strings betty beads colors twisted open short coat ample pockets skirt vertical stripes pleated waist dark alternate stripes white showed progressively downward walked gave physiological psychologists call flicker effect
women bureau sought increase wages shorten hours improve working conditions increase efficiency working women women bureau presented specific demands government agencies included jobs civil works administration unemployed women regard race nationality marital status adequate relief discrimination blacks wages equal pay equal free nursery schools free medical maternity care demands called attention economic problems women congress passed national industrial recovery act major part president franklin roosevelt plan improve economic health united states aided women workers title act provided labor codes govern industry codes regulated hours working conditions encouraged process collective bargaining declared unconstitutional women gain higher wages reduced gap salaries paid women codes unfortunately set minimum wages women meant legal pay woman job boot shoe industry minimum wage cents hour cents hour women codes confined industries involved interstate commerce nearly half employed women covered professional agricultural domestic workers left unprotected works progress administration wpa aided women putting women involved widows single women married women husbands unable secure jobs attempts suit woman job occupational classifications including sewing providing hot lunches school children nursing public health library positions adult education recreation
traditionally wife mother nurtured organized family home full today economic factors longer cost living demand mandated women adult lives fact women children working number expected higher dual roles working mothers place stress members family couples chosen solve problem children decided wait early thirties start family saved money allow stay home child afford help care baby working parents believe myth attempts perfectly groomed house children undertakes extensive entertaining schedule travel husband holds full job trying perform successfully number roles tension sociologists believe rethink priorities include essential children husbands parents young children agree pressing need child care industrialized nation national care program france extensive nursery system free kindergarten program children licensed agencies find volunteer sitters sweden committed full employment full equality sexes swedish women companies provide care premises help american families solve care problem congress passed comprehensive child development act
family fast answer question family takes simple question re blended family fact simple re blended family forms kinds forms toughest school forms camp forms application forms medical forms emergency room forms office forms offer myriad problems fill number family parents brothers sisters half brothers half sisters grandparents goes defining family days simple matter house live husband children previous marriage child husband forms don ask roofs ask families children previous marriage roof father wife child wait parents siblings grandparents al parents husband parents roof father house paternal grandmother husband stepmother father wife step think forms ask older children sisters brothers don include natural siblings half brother lives half sister lives father fill form let simple tasks listing telephone directory children listing hyphenated
small child aged catastrophe permanent set balance mother lying bed previously shared father face red puffy eyes bloodshot heart soul wounded father getting divorce upset father longer living mother looked ended woman took care loved crumbling woman frail tired soon pull enter mother knew find job job financially secure importantly provided mom independence worth assurance bright strong knew safe mother loved cared major difference secure continue model ago mother wrote book published remember hot summer hours spent locked workroom remember determination care writing book displayed gratifying accomplish goal showed validity person able decisions choices faith oneself high school senior forced look future terms options choices goals
late afternoon unexpected call brother lived san francisco flown mexico city leaving queretaro minutes words removed mexico city explained couldn wonderful spent night hospital sat talking hours days andy condition scarcely changed doctor pozo drained fluid boy spine hinted operation didn begin talk soon doctor pozo suggested brother leave andy bedside explore town sunny morning ventured outdoors hospital located narrow cobblestoned street corner small town mexican market place swarming flies filled unappetizing food brother market arrival queretaro shocked walked reached plaza inevitable bandstand sat benches large shade trees felt eyed walked past town usual tourist beat told brother re accustomed seeing americans woman dark blue shawl approached guess wants money brother digging pocket hand wasn speaking repeated words understood fought tears knows american accident told brother boy sick
sense story written exists places printed page reader mind printed page writer ordered arranged insights impressions places events meaningful pattern reader honest effort grasp writer meaning test insights pattern writer reader knows reader find story meaning book study elements experienced readers look kinds literature skill recognizing elements increases ability read appreciate enjoy literature basic elements story exposition conflict climax elements examine short stories encounters readers begin short story instinctively look answers questions story taking place basic situation starting point story writer task supply answers questions quickly naturally material called exposition story necessarily block beginning clues dialogue careful single sentence single adjective clause nineteenth century short stories writer stop say reader things need getting story contemporary writing author tries provide information quickly casually reader conscious
black haired sergeant gray green uniform army adolf hitler reich sat smoking pipe stone steps house boy faded polo shirt ragged pair dark blue shorts sneakers frayed big toes stuck sergeant boy discussing subject considered important faces reflected hans scored goal hamburg asked boy noooo responded young soldier remember excellent french don tell boy cried excitement voice account scrapbook show scrapbook hans hamburg tied racing club paris thanks minute goal didn play match bad knee bad luck spring war knee service thirteen months psst snapped fingers held hand dog coming white black short haired distant relative fox terrier kind grande rue dog animal born street heaven knows dog uncertain heritage approached caution big took square pipe mouth leaned forward encouragingly dog edged nearer glance told stroked meal kind word
robin tell beginning going enjoy picnic begin uncle joe auntie joy brought present bugle took testing blow note saw auntie joy shudder cousin put hands ears twelve robin shoulder uncle joe climbing car robin seat father car lovely miller beck mother love robin robin reply picnic hamper seat trying squint end gave squinting sniffed ham tomatoes oranges definitely strawberries sat began practice bugle playing notes watched father neck turning dark red ye play thing growled end ditch trying learn dad robin wanted bugle hour later reached miller beck invented tune liked played hundred times kind cross onward christian soldiers dustman minute car stopped robin ran stream pulled shoes socks paddled water icy cold clear tap water running stones gravel small boulders
morning mrs fernandez sat kitchen thinking things going holidays coming christmas soon money scarcer prices higher things hard eugenio fernandez working porter lately sick bad throat saved cent farm fact owed drygoods salesman kitchen curtains insurance payments overdue wanted find job help small preschool children home care lately begun worry hard put meat table fernandez sighed looking small clean kitchen caught sight running frantically stray cockroach hen quickly jerked neck snapped insect beak spite daily scrubbing cockroach sight searching tasty morsel spiders ants houseflies quick victim white hen wicked temper snap felt annoying knew permanent scar ear result sharp yellow beak cat carefully distance spite cantankerous ways children loved proud block pet children teased television fernandez children remind special pet
march young girl died bergen belsen unaware leaving shed tiny human light episode history unspeakably inhuman lovely girl sixteen died enormous dark gray eyes pretty mouth brave heart awkward conscious adolescent weighed sense shortcomings worried looks thought coward full fear realized heroically overcame certainly imagine diary impact entire events lifetime enormous puny comparison real certainty meant writer anyway subject found alive matter terrible lovely experiences arrest wrote wrote hiding nazis step outdoors daytime speak whisper wrote bombs heavily night fled comfort father bed wrote steadily fifteen finished equivalent books diary collection short stories essays reminiscences amazement daring wrote want living death
finest shortcuts widening deepening experience lyric poetry type literature offers intense compressed expressions truths human lyric poet widens readers visions revealing experiences poets seas city dweller forlorn farmhouse lost deep night blackberry patch july sun england november england april readers swiftly strange streets hills skies moonlight nights foreign shores centuries lead reader beneath surface reader everyday experiences give meaning familiar feelings ideas thoughts mature experienced readers grasp spontaneously full impact poet broad deep vision read poem poets experiences intense poets readers accustomed seeing readers reach sincerely wishes share enjoy poet vision consciously develop natural subconscious reader reader cultivate habit asking simple questions title subject matter theme tone structure rhythm imagery diction private moods elements important contribute total effect poem studied ends parts coming part reader climbs deeper enjoyable realization experience meaning communicated poem
charley lockjaw died summer reservation hundred claimed wore hair braids older tribe braids thin white fierce face withered apple bent frail trembling voice wailing wind prairie grass charley died sleep canvas covered tepee lived warm weather winter crowded younger descendants room log cabin summer pitched tepee left grandchildren scrambled bunch puppies death surprise startled indian agent charley white ranchers heard fact young tribe sacrificed horse grave charley wasn buried holy ground mission buried grove cottonwoods creek named dead chief lame grandson joe walking wolf young indians took horse shot fine sorrel gelding broke fairly gentle wrong young joe offered eighty dollars horse mission priest disturbed killing horse justifiably dark pagan significance tried find reason young killed urged joe mother mary find told
paul teachers theory imagination perverted fiction truth scarcely read books home tempt corrupt youthful mind reading novels friends urged wanted quickly music sort music orchestra barrel organ needed spark indescribable thrill imagination master senses plots pictures equally true stage struck rate usual acceptation expression desire actor musician felt necessity things wanted atmosphere float wave carried blue league league night scenes paul found schoolroom repulsive bare floors naked walls wore frock coats violets buttonholes women dull gowns shrill voices pitiful seriousness prepositions govern dative bear pupils think moment took seriously convey considered trivial joke anyway pictures members stock company showed class mates telling incredible stories familiarity acquaintance soloists carnegie hall suppers flowers
julius caesar shakespeare demonstrates facets playwright craft excelled examined minute intricate development characters careful study aware moving story unfolds short scenes prepare dramatic moments add emphasis scene past change pace keeps audience alert tense eager shakespeare language catch idea telling words images put ideas flowing rhythm powerful blank verse quality shakespeare survive ages ability capture words actions problems tormented look school town find exactly brutus cassius caesar antony government officials find clubs school sports stumbling efforts find reflected brutus cassius find comfort fact strong caesar superstitious worry feel ruthless antony individuals audience find play interpretation makes meaningful writers succeeded things excellence able turn play play high degree excellence shakespeare shakespeare hundred scholars probed dusty records dug crumbling papers books trying find answer shakespeare
ground receded horribly drop appeared terrifying proportion height reached ground height appeared looking distance doubled object familiar everyday eyes friends lampposts brick wall sidewalk grown infinitely small senses demanded objects accustomed size alternatively chimneys attic windows roof copings grow unpleasantly giant sidewalk bred eyes approached iron sheeting stretched side grown lost huge smooth dimensions grown smaller clinging child lost monstrous desert red dust shocked nerves danger falling sense isolation overpowering things suddenly alien exposed iron spaces unending winds blowing round free things felt shut trembling panting stifled shortness breath took step downward commotion began confusion cries drifting hear single voice girl quiet screaming high shrill scream rose air gull shriek put put put scream say thinking cries warn danger apparent ground gripped ladder looked glanced fraction saw
conscious effort sharp pain wrist apprised trying free hands gave attention idler observe feat juggler interest outcome splendid effort magnificent superhuman strength ah fine endeavor bravo cord fell arms parted floated upward hands dimly seen side growing light watched interest pounced noose neck tore thrust fiercely resembling water snake put put thought shouted words hands undoing noose succeeded pang experienced neck ached horribly brain fire heart fluttering faintly gave leap trying force mouth body racked wrenched insupportable anguish disobedient hands gave heed command beat water vigorously quick downward strokes forcing surface felt head emerge eyes blinded sunlight chest expanded convulsively supreme crowning agony lungs engulfed draught air instantly expelled shriek full possession physical senses preternaturally keen alert awful disturbance organic system exalted refined record things perceived felt ripples face heard separate sounds struck
weeks mark beset sense futility lonely patrol villages bind parish hour passed hour jim spoke word gave trying jim hoping understand learned wait clinging caleb victorian turn jim served dutifully cautious waiting eyes late afternoon change float store pick load plywood cover bare church reached government float end inlet left load bring river canoe started village speed boat neared river mouth rising tide jim stopped engine motioned mark sat quietly boat drifting slowly jim watching ripple line clear sunless water saw run humpback salmon entering river spawn feet beneath surface mark hundreds silvery fish pressed tight moving secretly stealthily kind desperate urgency army moves hold outpost reached cost watched fascinated passed moment sure happened swimmer glad alive place play sweet food hold tight younger brother
end holiday mark heard village sound jet plane broke sound barrier thought slide whoop ran sound caught inlets tossed steep mountain side echoing receding slowly echo re echo lasted minutes looked curious sight older indians young children running excitedly path young group gordon gordon stood motionless head mark slowly small boy visit grandmother prairie towns sound listened shaky whistle freight train night sound heard call big knew answer feel depth sadness boy eyes deepened peter deepened spoke village yes sunday church young returned school tribe river edge canoes young regretted going wanted elders wanted relieved dissent village peace
grandmother ago spot tribe remembered days tribal conflicts taking place war canoe blown breath strip dried kelp tied strip ring ring neck wife saying guard breath grandmother hung ring head bed returned house check found kelp ring flabby spot watch returning canoes husband accustomed place called loudly gods guardian spirits tribe help wolf swimmer raven eagle lived north end choose mark jim prayed waiting hour hour saw canoe enter river blanket wrapped figure sat center crosspiece tell started village smooth shale dark trees devil club scratching arms entered village saw gathered ceremonial house passed heard voices plan carefully bishop days yes visitors villages guests housed fed
theories human race began bible teaches woman adam eve lived garden eden disobeyed god orders bible says eden descendants spread idea say woman lived believe humankind developed slowly millions human beings scientists spent trying find remains earliest humans part skull jaw limb bones half complete skeleton young adult female stood half feet tall dead say million dr donald carl tom gray found skeleton fossil hunters searching remains early humans afar region ethiopia found skeleton overjoyed bones hominid human archaeological requires deal skill training archaeologist looking piece bone able identify animal human part skeleton finding skeleton dr team spent rest collecting bone fragments sorting night sitting campfire listening music decided find lucy beatles song lucy sky diamonds dr gave fossil woman ethiopian
happens aristotle scientific conclusions turned wrong method data ancient greeks technology help telescopes microscopes scales weigh small amounts clocks measure short intervals hand accurate instruments observing measuring able split atom walk moon developed scientific method greek scientist archimedes lived king syracuse problem king ordered crown gold going place temple artisan amount gold making crown crown finished king delighted charge brought artisan put gold crown substituted silver king asked archimedes find truth archimedes began think problem solve pondering problem usual bath full tub noticed body sank lower lower water overflowed tub suddenly jumped tub began shouting eureka eureka found ran home balls weight gold crown weight gold silver archimedes filled tub water dropped ball silver tub watched water overflow
ancient rome divided social classes counting slaves upper group patrician class lower plebeian class class barriers rigid patrician marry plebeian woman plebeian marry patrician woman law passed breaking wall classes allowing intermarriage position roman women similar women greece roman woman independent legal rights girl absolute power father consent married absolute power husband women rome personal names family names girl named claudia member clan father daughter called claudia meaning elder daughter known claudia younger sister called claudia tertia meaning roman woman supposed produce soldiers manage household teach domestic skills daughters unlike greek women roman women complete freedom movement visitors athens shocked learn roman women dined husbands shopping public marketplace joined husbands meals friends invited gradually legal position roman women began change started assert oppose unfair laws punic war roman assembly passed law designed put stop luxury spending city resources needed struggle carthaginians
typical manor contained hundred hundred inhabitants center manor house occupied noble steward nearby stood storage barns stable ovens wine presses mills grinding grain parish church peasants cottages set close village stretched manor grounds manor land divided sections forest land village pigs dug acorns noble hunted deer game peasants allowed hunt severely punished illegally section called common noble peasants grazed animals goats cows sheep animals owned section fertile grain crops wheat barley oats rye divided narrow strips strips belonged noble peasants sections poor soil strip system peasant afford plow animals farming cooperative effort peasants joined plant harvest crops kinds peasants manor serfs freemen serfs legally tied land leave noble permission manor changed owners property hand evicted contrast freemen able move wished thrown estate warning freeman serf peasant hard peasants worked sunrise sunset generally died age thirty
typical european town contained thousand ten thousand inhabitants walk half hour steep winding streets paved cobblestones lined tall narrow houses built side side streets crooked wide carts horsemen religious processions formed wind free pockets protected townspeople cold winter blasts tom escaped lord john manor scavenger pigs roamed streets eating garbage threw window later pigs removed householder responsible getting rid wastes unfortunately usual dump nearest river let wash downstream result drank water rich drank wine poor drank beer townhouses built wood thatched roofs wealthy merchants afford stone glass expensive windows narrow openings covered night wooden shutters door opened directly street floor house owner workshop place business passageway led courtyard housewife grew vegetables rear courtyard stood supply sheds stables floor contained combination living room master bedroom contained huge kitchen ate sleeping quarters children servants apprentices ceilings low furniture medieval townspeople market church public executions average family spent home master carried occupation ground floor
renaissance painters rediscovered technique fresco fresco apply paint wet plaster plaster dries paint part wall art experts consider frescoes rome sistine chapel masterpiece fresco art frescoes designed painted michelangelo born age thirteen student school sculptors lorenzo de medici ruler florence established michelangelo soon attracted lorenzo attention young artist part medici household michelangelo learned listened lorenzo guests talking dinner spent hours dissecting human body learn veins joints muscles nerves worked interested animals especially horses studied anatomy carefully studied anatomy human beings michelangelo spent painting ceiling sistine chapel frescoes tell biblical history creation flood order scaffold built high ground worked head bent painfully backwards paint dripped face worked injured eyesight read letter held head twenty completing ceiling michelangelo returned sistine chapel painted judgment wall alter actually michelangelo preferred sculpture painting unmatched ability mold carve marble stone believed sculpture existed material drawing god put
booming cannons blasting trumpets church bells marked arrival tsar peter inhabitants moscow cheered wildly tsar troops fresh victory turks july paraded city streets peter smiled broadly reception rode palace shouts subjects ringing ears thought excitedly future vowed devote energy preparing russia rightful place nations russia backward compared european nations tsar backward knowing build ships fight produce goods backward look western europe clean shaven russian beards peter believed person tsar act driving force transforming country decided russia school west open foreign influences peter summoned council tell plans foot half inch frame towered spoke friends achieved victory taking beginning drive land turks swedes agree nodded agreement order achieve objectives persuade western european powers fight win promise interfere plans
galileo galilei lived teacher mathematics university padua heard instrument lens grinder holland looked instrument things closer person miles looked standing galileo built telescope began study heavens discovered surface moon mountainous smooth learned milky mist consisted thousands stars saw spots sun discovered largest moons jupiter observed saturn strange bulging shape surrounded large ring galileo studies heavens convinced earth planets revolved sun idea suggested polish cleric nicholas copernicus early german astronomer johannes kepler agreed copernicus views kepler developed rules planets move religious leaders including luther calvin fiercely opposed theory sun earth center universe reasons religious opposition bible joshua asked god stop sun moving children israel avenge enemies implied sun moved earth church adopted teachings aristotle aristotle believed earth centered universe reason religious opposition copernican theory struggle roman catholics protestants
spring continental congress meeting philadelphia passed american colonists begun struggle independence england colonists protested actions british government objected taxed representatives parliament challenged british soldiers eat sleep homes wanted fair speedy trials delegates continental congress decided proclaim independence document addressed public opinion agree form document write finally turned thomas jefferson asked express reasons colonists revolt present ideas nature free society thomas jefferson sat write thought written government rights english philosopher john locke locke nature free equal independent submit government find convenient believe divine king locke convinced reason solve important problems believed arrive truth considering evidence result locke writings deal problems face locke concerned property rights argued things land belong humanity working improve individual plots land plots private property
capitalists socialists disagree means production land factories machines railroads utilities capitalists believe means production owned individuals corporations socialists believe owned government socialism production planned benefits resulting production distributed equally distributed goes hungry fair share socialists late agreed type economic society wanted differed means socialism achieved socialists wanted set model communities live manage businesses community engaged share equally fruits labor socialists called utopian socialists famous book utopia describes ideal society book written sir thomas later beheaded henry viii opposing king divorce wife england important utopian socialist robert owen poor boy supported entirely age ten eventually part owner manager huge spinning mill scotland paid workers high wages built homes opened school children surprise mill continued profits owen established utopian community harmony indiana lasted disagreements members caused break ideas influenced later social reformers socialists believed socialism achieved ballot
charles darwin born england teens studied medicine ministry interested natural history friend offered position naturalist ship beagle going journey collect specimens animals plants darwin jumped collected vast amount data extensive notes analyzing material presented theory evolution book called origin species means natural selection darwin began observing creatures exactly children exactly parents added fact generation survive concluded individuals species able adapt environment darwin theory effect development biological science ideas transferred wrongly areas science john rockefeller american industrialist explained thought natural selection worked business rockefeller built standard oil huge monopoly beating competitors gardener bred lovely flower consider american beauty rose told sunday school audience fragrant produced pointed sacrificing buds grew development large business merely survival fittest merely working law nature law god idea struggle called social darwinism
king rabbits liked peace order fair treatment subjects preferred talking fighting nicely shy simple wildebeests startled fled slightest noise main object harm rabbits lived peace turtles baboons knew care shy show put greedy hyenas wanted mind land lived kind wise seen foolish cruel folks animals land knew home find inhabitants places high mountains barred elephants mountain big strong knew lot things animals mountains heard mighty weapons elephants looked creatures times true sick poor added certainly true uneducated animals agree educated educated learning elephants
employees large japanese firm recruited leaving school college established expect remain employer rest working expect basic wage rise addition receive large number extras financial help education housing bonuses regular attendance punctuality bonn japanese midsummer festival employees awarded bonuses amount depends prosperity firm labor saving machine introduced throw worker job workers tasks obsolete date technical advances reason resist retraining assignment jobs wages expectations affected fall demand electrical machinery ago workers factory trained salespeople accepted change protest japan trade nations major reason success middle thirds exports underdeveloped countries developed countries north america western europe australia zealand south africa took ten later japan found chief customers developed united states headed list japan trade richer countries grew quickly incomes countries rising rapidly japan labor intensive products sold especially goods require deal human labor textiles pottery fish japan compete effectively industrial countries wages lower markets transformed
canadian rebellion easily put british shortly lord durham find discontent canada durham report famous canadian history lord durham found canada nations warring country suggested reforms enacted british provinces upper lower canada united canadians parliament region granted equal representation canadians control local affairs national affairs principles government federation successfully applied canada later applied english speaking colonies act union provinces distrusted british north america act passed british parliament provided national federal house parliament based proportional representation established ottawa prime minister cabinet chosen majority party governor general representing british crown served chief governor general monarch governed real power lay hands prime minister canadian parliament federal parliament responsible dealing national issues british parliament retained control canada foreign affairs arrangement suited canadians money maintain large army navy war canada demanded full control foreign affairs british parliament passed statute westminster canada complete government statute set voluntary organization called british commonwealth nations
august united states dropped atomic bombs japan destruction loss caused bombs shocked government leaders spoke need limit production spread atomic weapons spoke rushed develop soviet union britain knew build atomic bombs feared soon industrial country able build bomb frightening news test nuclear weapons exploded high air radioactive fallout poisoning crops animals threatened radiation sickness possibility deformities unborn children grandchildren began call end nuclear tests demanded bomb banned demands eventually led series international agreements august nations atomic weapons united states britain soviet union agreed stop underground nuclear testing leading industrial powers atomic weapons france china refused sign agreement october general assembly united nations passed resolution banning nuclear weapons outer space nations nuclear club agreed share countries peaceful benefits nuclear research nations agreed produce receive nuclear weapons danger nuclear warfare faced humanity warnings large nations able control nuclear weapons small nations possibility small bands terrorists hold nuclear weapons united states recommended program control nuclear weapons
english literature older books literature england hundreds printed book oral literature literature sung chanted recited listened heard groups small family large band warriors sitting hall chieftain head earliest english literature social communal noisy close experience daily studied oneself understood experiencing live expectant vigorously participating audience english literature composed professional poets called scops sang warrior bands deeds forefathers kinsmen assisted subordinate memorized compositions recited letter perfect sound perfect prodigious memories apparently recite hours days stopping forgetting unlike depend book stories story poem writing spoke poetry learned invented heart eye earliest literature eventually written scribes set irretrievably lost ballads folk songs especially written centuries read write middle ages rarely silently monastery room religious manuscripts copied read studied
commerce industry flourished native merchants craftsmen rose prominence power organized associations called guilds organizations worked craft trade carpenters weavers merchants merchants guilds important bodies town administration kingdom centered london language language army business politics slowly powerful common language kingdom half century language grammar schools language dialect southeast chaucer greatest english poets spoke wrote achievements writer important influence establishing london english authoritative dialect vocabulary language seen owes french sinews vocabulary pronouns prepositions conjunctions bound english words fundamental concepts middle english chaucer language liberated rules english instances mentioned english inflected language modern english retains inflection words changing forms according function fact traces inflection remain result happened troubled period conquest chaucer meaning sentence chaucer language modern english depends word order grammatical forms words troublesome business gender confuses learn language french
canterbury tales chaucer maturity product final interest literature works dominated interest french poetry passed italian period influenced narrative poems writers boccaccio greatest period mastery art narrative called english period canterbury tales english poetry found full voice prologue frame poet introduces group gathered walks common desire pilgrimage chaucer introduced brings host genial landlord inn met host proposes pilgrimage provided promises tell stories journey canterbury turn promises tells story supper paid tavern hall canterbury frame provided tales begin literature think tellers tales competing pleasant prize fellowship imagine tale told think telling revealed character teller words chaucer put variety stories rich lifetime interest observation variety tellers tales
lives burden earth book precious blood master spirit embalmed treasured purpose tis true age restore whereof loss revolutions ages recover loss rejected truth want nations fare worse wary persecution raise living labors public spill seasoned preserved stored books kind homicide committed martyrdom extend impression kind massacre whereof execution ends slaying elemental strikes ethereal essence breath reason immortality evil field grow inseparably knowledge involved interwoven knowledge evil cunning resemblances discerned confused seeds imposed psyche incessant labor cull sort asunder intermixed rind apple tasted knowledge evil twins cleaving leaped doom adam fell knowing evil say knowing evil wisdom choose forbear knowledge evil
inevitable william shakespeare accomplished writer english renaissance bring perfection branch literature conflict central branch tragedy tragedy macbeth truly dramas shakespeare demonstrates literary dramatic genius seen renaissance period exploration voyages unknown uncharted tragedy macbeth exploration fully known exploration dark powers wholly measured mapped need shakespeare audiences believe physical reality witches figure fatefully drama believe evil embody find macbeth black deep desires terrible foreign familiar shakespeare audiences recognized kind degree qualities play insists ben johnson called shakespeare soul age shakespeare soul ages splendor poetry power dramatize bring darkness light contained tragedy macbeth shakespeare brings brink chaos political social moral brings brink assurance established order nature greater power human affairs evil chaos actually shakespeare born april stratford avon john shakespeare influential town mary arden gentle woman
indomitable courage battle starts fear hears witches predict king surprised banquo unsettled consider prediction words witches ambiguous number ways soon clear found fertile ground macbeth horrible imaginings thought moves inheritance crown duncan murder encouraged lady macbeth ready deny nature macbeth commits unnatural act killing king macbeth moves frightening speed preserver order scotland creator violence disorder responsible terror play develops comes characterize scotland king sons flee country banquo murdered son barely escapes death suspicion macbeth aroused dare act outright suffer reprisals paid informers castles thanes breed strong sense insecurity noble afraid speak mind fear inform macbeth sin disrupted kingdom citizens fearful struck terror heart country country united king look moral security king high minded generous macbeth rule completely opposite ideal kingly rule tragic consequences resultant social political chaos represents visible outgrowth tragic event moral disintegration human soul
persons spirit concern vast number poor aged diseased maimed desired employ thoughts course ease nation grievous pain matter known dying rotting cold famine filth vermin fast reasonably expected young laborers hopeful condition pine want nourishment degree accidentally hired common labor strength perform country happily delivered evils return subject think advantages proposal obvious highest importance observed greatly lessen number papists yearly overrun principal breeders nation dangerous enemies stay home purpose deliver kingdom hoping advantage absence protestants chosen leave country stay home pay conscience episcopal poorer tenants valuable law liable distress help pay landlord rent corn cattle seized money thing unknown
study turn examination genre type kind english literature think literature refer course end period called enlightenment place words middle century appeared literary scene required received century arisen vogue stories travelers bandits rogues stories called novels distinguish romances tales knights chivalry magical events popular middle ages stories tales course commonest form poetry beginning beowulf story heroes folk battles chaucer pilgrims tells tale introducing story verse prose appetite narrative century story teller formula began acquire emphasis began mean beginning story remote present place story spenser knight shakespeare macbeth mean story society social order feudal based hereditary ownership land changing slow gradual perceived certainly poorest powerful powerful middle orders emerge century middle class society perceptible look spirit inquiry
small devonshire village born vicar wife fourteenth child son destined puzzling fascinating leaders english romantic movement troubles began early small boy bitter fight brothers ran home spent night hiding damp reeds bank nearby river morning suffering rheumatic inflammation severe move legs experience severe pain illness school london entered cambridge wordsworth student indifferent friend fact situation hopeless ran joined troop cavalry common soldier knew horses enlisting unlikely initials silas older brothers soon managed rescue return university graduated planning emigrate america poet robert found young ideal community equal government susquehanna river pennsylvania scheme abandoned coleridge married turned writing preaching unitarian exploration kinds literature philosophy young william hazlitt important literary critic met coleridge hazlitt overwhelmed coleridge eloquence knowledge
group readers critics amateur scholars met london form browning society organization fan club members collected papers essays favorite poet pictures devoted meetings discussions soon browning societies began spring united states robert browning large enthusiastic public career poems reprinted part timetable chicago alton railroad late century fame slowly younger tennyson browning recognized later poet laureate born suburb london son banker learned interested history arts education chiefly wide reading father large library months student university london restless satisfied formal studies poems published twenty close author preoccupations clear readers john stuart mill early reviewers browning turned drama marriage completed plays failure smash hit experiments theater learned greatest strength elopement marriage robert browning elizabeth barrett famous literary romance century miss barrett older robert browning semi invalid jealously watched father knows seen play movie barretts street rudolph
table set tree front house march hare hatter tea dormouse sitting fast asleep cushion resting elbows talking head uncomfortable dormouse thought alice asleep suppose mind table large crowded corner room room cried saw alice coming plenty room alice indignantly sat large armchair end table wine march hare encouraging tone alice looked round table tea don wine remarked march hare wasn civil offer alice angrily wasn civil sit invited march hare didn table alice laid hair wants cutting hatter looking alice curiosity speech learn personal remarks alice severity rude hatter opened eyes wide hearing raven writing desk fun thought alice glad begun asking riddles believe guess added aloud mean think find answer march hare
british writers part century gave thought matter language major poets novelists wrote deal literary criticism directed imprecision words joseph conrad novelist speaks unremitting care writer exercise bring light magic words worn thin ages careless usage task novelist conrad believed power written word hear feel seeing direct vision novelists capture capture shape ring sentences thing write naturally order reach mass audience order express vision william butler yeats irish poet won nobel prize literature influence felt poet playwright period tells autobiographies early career resolved escape rhetoric abstraction achieve personal utterance personal utterance won simply giving rhetoric abstraction refusing fussiness follows rules yeats demanded intimate personal write thoughts nearly language thought letter intimate friend yeats resolved write emotions exactly changing beautiful achieve personal utterance writer faith experience personally yeats says change emotions making beautiful change making public age mass literacy member nation continuously subjected public language newspapers radio television language standardized feelings experience language
born trinidad british west indies brahmin family emigrated india thirty earlier part wave east indian migration close century father journalist brought port spain attended tranquility boys school queen royal college took degree french spanish returned college briefly student teacher months later left scholarship oxford university member colonized traditions miles generations removed written spoken problem helps tradition english language mine tradition books including miguel street house known set west indies later books addition fiction include loss el dorado study history caribbean area darkness account journey ancestral home india increasingly seen problem broader definition applying modern uprooted geographically older defined village tradition recent characters find home protagonist opening story free left indian village modern city bombay migrated washington longer able return lost
telephone rang anna tiptoeing child room janet started satisfied grumbling note molly expect talking hours hours shhh anna telephone thinking children janet fabric security woven grandparents cousins settled home friends telephone words spoken janet going sleep sends love loudly instrument molly replied playing part send love janet say sleep molly says sleep says night anna loudly darkened room janet sleep going talk hours hours quality silence janet room told anna child going sleep satisfied lowered voice molly casual anna tommy wondered knew worrying furious course month molly daily bulletins house half mile consisted tommy sitting hour hour room moving apparently thinking molly abandoned topic son gave anna humorous grumbling account dinner night flame america anna listened hearing current hysteria friend voice waiting conclude anyway looked pompous middle aged slob sitting thought expect thinking pitty molly turned criticize
english writing seldom speak tradition occasionally apply deploring absence refer tradition tradition employ adjective saying poetry traditional traditional seldom word phrase censure vaguely approbative implication approved pleasing archaeological reconstruction word agreeable english ears comfortable reference reassuring science archeology certainly word likely appreciations living dead writers nation race creative critical turn mind oblivious shortcomings limitations critical habits creative genius think enormous mass critical writing appeared french language critical method habit french conclude unconscious french critical plume fact french spontaneous remind criticism inevitable breathing worse articulating passes minds read book feel emotion criticizing minds criticism facts light process tendency insist praise poet aspects resembles
scott momaday description details sights sounds touch details sight include flat green shining heads catfish frogs purring water edge detail sound writer detail texture touch writes warm wind sensory details find description writers especially aware importance observation remember sights sounds tastes smells textures environment able recall memories thoughts feelings experiences train observant concentrate sense separately think imagine moment frozen space carefully study details shapes colors environment allow movement begin study movements exactly move objects move environment moving object clock hands objects move concentrate hearing individual sounds distinguish sound close eyes listen modern seldom approaching total silence place appears silent sounds deserted city street rain hits top garbage cans prowling cat pushes loose rubble search prey distance muted siren wails experience tasting eating drinking observers say fear taste taste salt air seashore alert tastes situation tasting imagine eating drinking food drink taste
paragraph pattern find begins asking question suggesting answer question paragraph answer times especially answer covering paragraphs question questions separate paragraph paragraph question answer simone de shows pattern works love travelling lost appetite taste ten visited revisited places explorations brought place form integral part wider project means deal project knowing sure seeing pass towns countryside understanding need conversation reading give clear notion country provide equivalent flesh blood presence things walk streets mingling crowd town inhabitants begin exist fullness words possibly convey interested places connection actual called mind means words question explorations brought writer begins answer telling place visiting revisiting towns countryside mean question answer pattern presents problem question form sentences offer solution problem
reasons explain idea opinion answering question paragraph henry david thoreau walden developed reasons support central idea writer prefers eat meat fish read identify reasons author found repeatedly late fish falling respect tried skill fellows instinct feel fished think mistake butcher cook gentleman dishes served speak unusually complete experience practical objection animal food case caught cleaned cooked eaten fish fed essentially insignificant unnecessary cost bread potatoes trouble filth contemporaries rarely animal food tea coffee ill effects traced agreeable imagination repugnance animal food effect experience instinct appeared beautiful live low fare hard respects imagination believe earnest preserve higher poetic faculties condition inclined abstain animal food food kind
writers persuasive essays articles editorials want convince readers believe act essay follows marya wants convince readers cheating lying bribing forms corruption partly due society unwillingness draw definite line wrong read essay try determine kinds arguments writer persuade readers accept point view appeal emotion reason evidence present support ideas aw growled talking cops took payoffs winking double parking cynicism directed dozen instances corruption small disgust voice overlaid unspoken implication things millions fellow americans decent human stolen broken law willfully injured knowledge committing clearly wrong knowledge thin grey line separates conditions daily greyer thinner point noticeable side line cheaters chiselers swindlers side partners victims perilously close mark distinguishing caught don citizen voices outrage police corruption slip traffic cop block handsome christmas present belief car nestled parking sign
purpose writing persuasive essay convince audience accept point view decide begin writing purpose change audience mind call action achieve purpose appeals emotion appeals reason persuasive writers combination persuasion emotional appeal difficult maintain essay appeal reason effective appeal logic combined appeals emotion thin grey line marya argues logically effect public indifference public morality supports argument examples dishonest behavior real situations includes wide range experiences support claim problem dangerous members society paragraph argues failure uphold law corrupt violation law examples give failure look essay examples logical argument marya combines logical argument appeal readers emotions essay persuasive emotional language readers feel extreme nature problem fighting indignation outraged prey admission impotence words indignation outraged invite audience feel indignant outraged emotionally laden words sentence look essay examples emotional language kinds emotional appeal persuasive essay appeals logic emotion directed purpose persuade audience
dialogue conversation characters short stories novels plays dialogue characters means telling story dialogue lets reader audience hear characters say reader viewer notice say say kind mood react characters listen characters dialogue mary short story summer vera young woman brought dying father home hospital live nurse vera father close recently rejected proposal marriage bear leave learn vera father dialogue vera father looked obviously disappointed yes flatly comfortable father fix pillows impatiently put hand leave knack hope part training don think leave lying looking ceiling glanced room chair frowned hard chair bed big armchair put anyway lily dully dark roof didn actually frown dissatisfied
english trace beginnings separate language groups germanic warriors conquered european celts celts occupied area known england germanic warriors angles saxons jutes left home northern europe help celts repel attack invading army century half groups controlled celts territory pushing hosts wales ireland scotland christening home angle land germanic groups settled parts england spoke forms dialects language country soon divided separate dialect areas anglo saxons called read write arrived england knowing exactly dialects known lives early anglo saxons late sixth century christian missionaries england introduced roman alphabet practice writing tales battles brave deeds passed orally written preserving vivid picture anglo saxon values stories show battle major part anglo saxon existence hundreds similar words nouns war warrior shield sword countless verbs afflict oppress dispose put resist repel anglo saxon vocabulary tells personal qualities early admired intelligence kindness affection pride strength greatness soul condemned cowardice folly greed
languages living things continuously growing changing english passed stages called english middle english language acquired basic form character early modern english period dating roughly english acquired polish refinement expression number events combined mold english language today important events introduction printing england william caxton william caxton english printer print books english language books printed translations latin french dutch printing press tremendous impact society books wider scale thought affirmed importance english language offering english translations classic texts original english works printing press helped promote uniformity language necessities communicating wide audience influenced standardizing dialects english country number rules governing english fact set grammar books language teaching manuals spellers dictionaries printed period printing press worked major influences expand word stock english influences renaissance added thousands english language renaissance word meaning rebirth term describe rich cultural growth western civilization moved medieval modern times renaissance characterized revival interest culture ancient greece rome
interesting cultural groups united states today cajuns unlike americans cajuns remained part geographical area settled rural areas southern louisiana bayou country living closely group relative isolation influences cajuns retained language culture originally northern coast france acadians called settling canadian provinces nova scotia brunswick english governor nova scotia ordered farms seized burned cajuns south eventually louisiana set separate communities began raise cattle fish swampy trap muskrats small animals grow small crops sugar cane cotton corn sweet potatoes twentieth century communities continues modern cajuns ancestors recently cajun language entirely oral book written cajun published grammar book language written cajun language developed standard form essentially variation french borrowed words english spanish german black english native american languages foreign language influences cajun apparent cajun dialect sentence house dropping final sound build suggest black english influence final echoes french practice putting moi position emphasis
paragraphs richard connell story dangerous game twenty adverbs underlined learned previous sections identify twenty adverbs list sheet paper order lifted knocker creaked stiffly let fall startled booming loudness thought heard steps door remained closed rainsford lifted heavy knocker let fall door opened opened suddenly spring rainsford stood blinking river glaring gold light poured thing rainsford eyes discerned largest rainsford seen gigantic creature solidly blackbearded waist hand held barreled revolver pointing straight rainsford heart snarl beard small eyes regarded rainsford don alarmed rainsford smile hoped disarming robber fell yacht rainsford york city menacing look eyes change revolver pointed rigidly giant statue gave sign understood rainsford words heard dressed uniform black uniform trimmed gray astrakhan rainsford york rainsford began fell yacht hungry answer raise thumb hammer revolver rainsford saw free hand forehead military salute saw click heels stand attention
journal diary record important events writer writers journals expect read writing record private thoughts feelings want share writers journals readers write public journals hold important positions society part historical events presidents journals journals settlers cross prairies mountains united states readers interesting insights pioneers kind journal english class intended read reason want learn journal interesting skill types writing reason keeping journal capture important moments camera capture ways journal camera purpose camera records things events involve senses taste touch hearing smell instance think event enjoyed recently picnic bicycle trip walk city clear cool autumn sense experiences especially food drink taste took walk city remember hard feel concrete beneath shoes sound jump ropes slapping sidewalks aroma hot dogs vendor corner selling
writing places things spatial organization arrange details space describe room eyes move left left floor ceiling large object car front rear inside describing larger area begin details closest move farther details paragraph decaying victorian house arranged description begins gables jut roof follows lines house details arranged top bottom side corner apartment building decaying victorian mansion split small drab apartments shabby duchess red brick mansion reigns proudly lesser buildings crowding sides love sit park street daydreaming building past mansion stories high taller narrow white gables street steep slate roof imagine lace curtains hung tiny windows gables dressed children pushed peer street narrow windows spaced evenly floor middle windows actually french doors open small balcony low wood railing sure doors opened glowing hallways today balcony holds outdoor grill bag charcoal blue plastic chairs
purpose expository writing give information readers writing precise clear reader understand information trying convey precise writing specific general vague information exactly imprecise expository writing likely effective difference cup fourth cup recipe mean failure dish directions read blocks blocks lost report recycling center pages written precisely giving exact location hours operation procedures center clear writing easily understood readers part clear writing careful organization recipe ingredients listed instructions combining ingredients follow instructions cooking dish report pages recycling center clear organized writer begins defining giving location hours operation materials recycled finally writer describes procedure preparing materials brought center clear writing unnecessary details recipe peanut butter soup history peanut middle list ingredients confusing directions town include description town founder hard follow audience report recycling center need hear writer younger sister measles excerpt article describing meeting concerned endangered animals emily reports presentation james lanny cornell sea
heading consists address sender date letter written semiblock block styles heading upper hand part page inch top full block style heading left hand margin letter examples show proper form inside address consists title company address receiver letter person title fits line place comma write title line person writing title want receive letter department regardless style inside address left hand margin letter letter handwritten skip spaces heading inside address letter typed skip spaces salutation business letter formal personal letter dear receiver preceded title mrs miss ms dr professor dear ms rodgers dear professor writing firm individual salutations customary salutation case dear sir gentlemen writer reading letter today acceptable practice write dear sir madam dear company department dear personnel department dear sun times write salutation spaces line inside address left margin
short story storyteller called narrator narrator character story common point view author pretend character called omniscient narration omniscient means knowing omniscient narrators write possess magical ability characters thinking feeling omniscient narrator describe happening places morley omniscient narrator point view excerpt story notice writer able tell readers alfred higgins thoughts scene higgins caught alfred teenage employee shoplifting called mother alfred knew mother rushing rush eyes blazing maybe crying push tried talk feel dreadful contempt longed carr saw cop beat passing door waited speak heard tapping closed door carr turning latch crisply mrs higgins looked hard faced stern mrs higgins going bed telephoned hair tucked loosely hat hand throat held light coat tightly chest dress show large plump smile friendly face store lights turned alfred standing shadow end counter
devote thirty lives undertaking james murray son scottish tailor murray died spent waking hour thirty working compile longest complete dictionary massive oxford english dictionary published complete form ten volumes total pages birth james murray captivated words eighteen months knew letter alphabet younger brother born james murray gift show baby letters brought primer baby show round crooked times james murray schoolteacher farm worker bank clerk lost early love words developed widespread reputation study language begun child age forty james murray reputation language scholar widespread offered job editor oxford english dictionary undertaking huge working main responsibility dictionary determination dictionary published meant committing rest illustrate justify definition words james murray collected quotations words literary scientific works historical periods volunteer readers listed quotation separate sheet paper dictionary complete readers turned million slips working slips compile dictionary ending task
speak exactly alike groups share language customs groups called dialect groups language customs share called dialects american english dialects users english belong regional dialect group speak regional dialect regional dialects dialects shared groups regions parts country english settlers united states parts england spoke dialects british english communication groups settlers scattered colonies differences preserved regional dialect differs pronunciation vocabulary grammar listened person distinct regional dialect ways regional dialects differ pronunciation depending part country pronounce distinctly words car water southern england dialect words likely sound midwestern western dialect likely say car water regional dialects differ vocabulary depending region country drink soda pop soda soft drinks pop soda water pop areas united states find words denote creature familiar earthworm fishing worm fish bait bait worm ground worm red word dew worm differences grammar noticeable differences pronunciation vocabulary exist
navaho children learn speak native language english school begin learning english native patterns mix patterns english problems navaho language distinguish sounds easy navaho children hear differences sounds spoken english navaho speakers words pit bit sound native speakers language tend hear sound features difference language english difference tab bat tell holding hand couple inches mouth pronouncing words pronounce tab feel puff air bat difference sounds significant english native english speakers hear sound systems english navaho differences difficult navaho learn english english stress speakers put words difference meaning say permit noun speak official document hunting permit say permit verb permit leave word stress affect meaning navaho difficult navaho speakers learn stress system english differences meaning words languages problems speakers navaho verb meaning handle serves english verbs give put
english literature began oral written literature songs poems celebrating heroes poems passed minstrels scops composed poems praised anglo saxon ideals important ideals valor honor loyalty lord primarily somber human destiny believed ruled fate wyrd anglo saxons called songs scops major battles feats tribe heroes kings recited remembered heroes win enduring fame valued highly religion acknowledge immortality afterlife scops poems reflect grim war ridden lives anglo saxon immortalizing heroes scops brought semblance permanence ruled sense transience fatal doom earliest english story poem hero called beowulf beowulf composed unknown minstrel traveled mead hall mead hall entertain courts kings warriors poem composed english anglo saxon dialect germanic origin ancestor present english brought britain anglo saxons beowulf epic narrative poem grave stately language achievements hero national heroic figure ancient greece rome part book epics england epics later book poems period survived owe learning monks monasteries castles mead halls dotted landscape anglo saxon england
house entertainment stable care horses night composed rest proper person appeared sleep saluting sing song answered sing reason left entertainment retired place sing talked replied sing sing rejoined sing beginning created beings presently began sing verses praise god heard purport whereof praise maker heavenly kingdom power creator counsel deeds father glory eternal god author miracles almighty preserver human race created heaven sons roof house earth sense words order sang sleep verses composed literally translated language losing beauty awaking sleep remembered sung dream soon added effect verse worthy deity morning steward superior acquainted gift received conducted abbess ordered presence learned tell dream repeat verses give judgement verse proceeded
william shakespeare poet playwright favorite author writer plays produced read widely countries shakespeare contemporaries admired narrative poems venus rape half seventeenth century eighteenth century revered dramas poets critics nineteenth century considered genius english race twentieth century regarded greatest writers stage known shakespeare early born april small country town stratford avon father prosperous glove maker held important positions town government mother mary arden daughter wealthy landowner age shakespeare attending local school eighteen shakespeare married anne hathaway twenty daughter farmer lived mile stratford couple daughter susanna twins judith period scholars call lost virtually known shakespeare records fuller lost shakespeare moved london part city busy theatrical shareholder part owner london popular acting companies lord chamberlain plays produced shareholder contributed company shakespeare writer actor played ghost hamlet
think drama literature important remember read play author wrote staged performed reading play experience actually seeing hearing performance read carefully imaginatively find experience rewarding play ways place theater imagine real theater audience play created read carefully note imaginatively respond stage directions evoke mind eye particulars setting lighting scene costumes physical appearance gestures performers stage directions help summon vital dimension play performance sound try picture actor try hear music natural sounds inflections voice playwright imagined consider opening stage direction macbeth midst scotland midst storm thunder lightning witches deserted outdoor place outset stunning visual image component sound sets tone mood entire play witches confer violent storm rages swirls violence setting symbolizes turbulence psychological emotional physical courses play sound storm evokes sense elemental terror characters play encounter contend mysterious awesome forces
took freedom tell majesty contempt discovered europe rest answerable excellent qualities mind master reason extend bulk body contrary observed country tallest persons provided animals bees ants reputation industry art sagacity larger kinds inconsiderable took hoped live majesty signal service king heard attention began conceive opinion desired give exact account government england possibly fond princes commonly customs conjectured monarchs discourses glad hear thing deserve imitation imagine thy courteous reader wished tongue demosthenes cicero enabled celebrate praise dear native country style equal merits felicity conversation ended audiences hours king heard attention frequently taking notes spoke memorandums questions intended ask put end discourses majesty sixth audience consulting notes proposed doubts queries objections article asked methods cultivate minds bodies young nobility kind business commonly spent part lives
half eighteenth century period pope page wordsworth page called age johnson named samuel johnson critic poet playwright lexicographer essayist biographer period learned versatile influential literary figure renowned superb conversationalist respected moralist special insight human experience johnson greatest writer conservative values deep sensibility reflected age profound impact johnson born northern cathedral town litchfield father ran small bookstore family poor father lack money forced johnson leave oxford university taking degree success johnson pope hardship johnson struggled poverty left oxford supported wife number teaching journalism jobs financial success satisfy literary ambitions began produce works considerable importance including essays popular periodicals rambler idler critics praised equal superior addison steele spectator publication dictionary english language reputation secure lives poets ten volumes critical biographies written later deep influence critics unlike earlier biographers johnson insisted truth biographies including subjects shortcomings writings dr johnson called honorary degrees bestowed oxford dublin held general principles writer instruct offend morality religion copy attempt original odd
essay prose form francis bacon introduced english literature thrived eighteenth century hands practitioners addison steele nineteenth century form continued appeal romantic temperament stress individual relished essay vehicle subjective personal feeling romantic essayists william hazlitt hazlitt recognize greatness young keats poetic talents friend wordsworth coleridge especially close lifelong friendship charles lamb outstanding essayist romantics hazlitt father unitarian minister strong liberal views took family america founded unitarian church boston later returned england settled shropshire ages fifteen eighteen hazlitt attended college london vigorously pursued philosophical studies decided portrait painter mid thirties discover true calling contributor essays wide variety subjects english periodicals popular lecturer english poetry drama skilled writer hazlitt coleridge important critics hazlitt moody quarrelsome domestic happy marriages ending separation maintained liberal political religious views lifetime liberal friends contemporaries increasingly conservative result vehemence alienated acquaintances
oliver walls workhouse quarter hour scarcely completed demolition slice bread bumble handed care woman returned telling board night informed board forthwith clearly defined notion live board oliver astounded intelligence laugh cry think matter bumble gave tap head cane wake lively bidding follow conducted large whitewashed room ten fat gentlemen sitting round table top table seated armchair higher rest fat gentleman round red face bow board bumble oliver brushed tears lingering eyes seeing board table fortunately bowed boy gentleman high chair oliver frightened sight gentlemen tremble beadle gave tap cry answer low hesitating voice gentleman white waistcoat fool capital raising spirits putting ease boy gentleman high chair listen
queen victoria symbolized nineteenth century england strict moral code prosperity contentment unquestioning attitude authority edwardian era reign edward vii saw characteristics begin break especially widespread questioning authority politics social matters religion art later reigns george george vi elizabeth ii assumed throne british commonwealth began acquire image empire authoritarian victoria image king commoner queen prime minister royalist rebel course england reveres royal family modern english identity shaped wore crowns prime minister winston churchill opponents empire indian leader mohandas gandhi irish nationalist charles stewart parnell troubles ireland large part britain image modern predominantly protestant counties north ireland separate entity known northern ireland later rest ireland broke britain form irish free anxiety violence accompanied irish nationalism independence continue decade greatest england identity resulted wars scar century cost property contributed greatly decline british power resources forced redefinition british view brought outpouring literature britain largely unprepared war began war involve modern weapons tanks planes poison gas
white leaning arms roof house stern boat steersman pass night arsat clearing late malay grunted looking fixedly river white rested chin crossed arms gazed wake boat end straight avenue forests cut intense glitter river sun appeared dazzling poised low water shone smoothly bank metal forests somber dull stood motionless silent side broad stream foot big towering trees palms rose mud bank bunches leaves enormous heavy hung unstirring brown swirl eddies stillness air tree leaf bough tendril creeper petal minute blossoms bewitched immobility perfect final moved river paddles rose flashing regularly dipped single splash steersman swept left periodic sudden flourish blade describing glinting semicircle head churned water frothed alongside confused murmur white canoe advancing upstream short lived disturbance making enter land memory motion forever departed white turning setting sun looked empty broad expanse sea reach miles course wandering hesitating river enticed irresistibly freedom open horizon flows straight sea flows straight east east harbors light darkness
earlier book looked poets try create patterns sound poetry saw patterns built word choice rhythm rhyme alliteration techniques sound saw poetry sound help evoke moods emotions express meanings prose point readily kind sound writers sensitive effects rhythms special combinations sounds novelist james joyce acutely aware special effects sound prose consider passage story araby page describes lively activity children outdoors dark short days winter dusk fell eaten dinners met street houses grown somber space sky color changing violet lamps street lifted feeble lanterns cold air stung played till bodies glowed shouts echoed silent street career play brought dark muddy lanes houses ran rough tribes cottages doors dark dripping gardens odors arose dark odorous stables coachman smoothed combed horse shook music buckled harness joyce scene actions calls rich lovely combination impressions moods children excitement darkening light sharp cold hushed quiet streets sense bustling play momentum spontaneous motion
discussed anglo saxon period pages written literature evolved myths legends customs history preserved orally professional traveling storytellers permanent version story existed storyteller bound outline original story shape version imaginatively description similes emphasis multitude unknown storytellers stretching centuries anglo saxon scops page part emerged genius homer eighth century homer known poet western literature read write singing accompaniment lyre small stringed instrument composed poetry orally authoritative edition poems published hundreds death scholars alexandrian library egypt known homer authorship epic poems iliad odyssey established tradition scholars believe homer lived city eastern shore aegean doubt existed greek historian herodotus lived century wrote early biographies homer facts presented works largely deduced passages poems credited homer according legend homer poor blind poet wisdom wandered city city singing verse homer epics classics vital part greek recited part religious festivals greeks revered source guidance religious moral matters child learned read studied homer regarded master literature rhetoric
passengers left rome night express stop dawn small station order continue journey small fashioned local joining main line dawn stuffy smoky class carriage spent night bulky woman deep mourning hoisted shapeless bundle puffing moaning husband tiny thin weakly face death white eyes small bright looking shy uneasy seat politely thanked passengers helped wife room turned round woman trying pull collar coat politely inquired dear wife answering pulled collar eyes hide face nasty muttered husband sad smile felt duty explain traveling companions poor woman pitied war taking son boy twenty devoted entire breaking home follow rome student allowed volunteer war assurance months front sudden received wire due leave days asking
schoolmaster watching climb horseback foot tackled abrupt rise leading schoolhouse built hillside toiling onward making slow progress snow stones vast expanse high deserted plateau horse stumbled hearing breath issuing horse nostrils knew region trail disappeared days ago layer dirty white snow schoolmaster calculated half hour hill cold school sweater crossed empty frigid classroom blackboard rivers france drawn colored flowing estuaries past days snow suddenly fallen mid october months drought transition rain twenty pupils lived villages scattered stopped coming fair weather return heated single room lodging adjoining classroom giving plateau east class windows window looked south side school kilometers point plateau began slope south clear weather seen purple mass mountain range gap opened desert warmed returned window seen longer visible
character formed things constrained things accord words alberto moravia known contemporary italian novelist explained literary career developed enforced captivity youth moravia born rome age developed tuberculosis bedridden ten help governesses learned read english french german addition native italian took refuge books result passed equivalency tests high school diploma sixteen moravia entered began write indifference published later moravia age twenty celebrated authors europe fame brought film critic magazine editor lecturer foreign correspondent paris london united states mexico written stories novels poems essays plays film versions fiction women italy famous respected directors indifference shocked rome portrayal italian middle class picture human despair alienation early existentialist written term coined frequent moravia topic decline italian middle class stories adolescents inexperienced adults struggle dehumanized moravia master plot concise description setting deftly reflect character style smooth phrases images apt sentences flow rhythmically ea
transition hunting animals gathering food producing earth marked crucial turning point development human period change took place called stone age neolithic age began discovery agriculture herald evolution higher human species hunting requires greater skill cunning knowledge growing grain farming introduce attitudes potential radically forms behavior hunting requires quick instinctive action successful harvest demands term planning art farming caused settle fixed locations raised crops domesticated animals created stability gave existence greater continuity security habitat sophisticated defenses ditches stockades devised protection wild beasts human enemies original precursors city limits walls finally farming surer producing food surplus hunting surplus meant larger population supported increased numbers allowed development skills occupations freeing needed agricultural production engage pottery making weaving metalwork trade experts believe revolutionary change agriculture occurred hills southern turkey northern iraq glaciers retreated map hills learned grow wheat barley chance observation discarded grains sprouted shoots ground villages began area soon oldest known communities jericho jarmo largest known food producing village early times
hundreds greece legally separate forming independent states internal working sparta athens typical rest importance invites discuss detail sparta leader states achieved greatness imposing rigid political system citizen unflinching servant cost stifling artistic literary development set military standard greeks militarism response problem common greek overpopulation sending colonies relieve pressure sparta conquered west divided territory spartan warriors providing allotment land subsistence spartan landowners spent lives constant military training order maintain control turn worked land sparta divided population territory strict classifications map cartographic essay demonstrably pure descent full spartan citizens called sparta number villages governing members served army citizens lower rank dwell bottom class known helots conquered rights effect slaves privately owned bought sold rebelled
pompey aims met caesar introduced bill assembly tribes provide allotments land army tribune offered bill ratifying pompey arrangements east bills passed assembly tribes supported triumvirate opposition senate put financial quarrel settled satisfaction lastly caesar looking future command arranged bill passed gave command gaul po valley coast albania yugoslavia guaranteed period beginning march governor gaul provence south france died caesar acquired province command caesar actively sought opportunities extend roman rule borders province intervened politics gallic tribes opened series campaigns finally brought area modern france belgium roman rule romans implanted gaul latin language mother modern french roman culture notable symbol romanization network roads map imitated extended system highways italy today road names caesar narrated actions justified motives commentaries gallic war book remains superb textbook political military decision making gallic war lasted caesar partners triumvirate pompey suspicious maintain fairly relations held
practice common religion assured similarities islamic societies religious law allowed male muslim legal wives unlimited number fact number women approximately equal populations polygamy remained ideal social reality rich opportunity practice important polygamy determining position women relative ease divorce seclusion imposed women puberty religious laws permitted husband dismiss wife prohibited woman revealing face husband laws enforced equal rigor primarily weighed women upper classes cities periods women enjoyed relative freedom variety words uniformity prominent characteristic medieval islamic society society distinguished vigorous urban concentrated cities baghdad cairo cordoba damascus according travelers reports damascus homes libraries baghdad surpassed cities number palaces libraries public baths major cities products parts known purchased markets bazaars streets teemed slaves servants artisans merchants administrators beggars aura islamic cities preeminently cosmopolitan muhammad died making provision government islam followers elected abu bakr successor caliph islam recognized distinction church caliph supreme religious civil head muslim
scholasticism reflected cultural interests small group intellectuals medieval society broader masses valued sought vernacular literature themes treated characters largely reflect nobility common reason believe literature oral version appreciated aristocratic circles townsmen peasants delighted hearing doings vernacular literatures europe anglo saxon possesses substantial number surviving writings major languages europe abundant tradition literary dates eleventh twelfth centuries forming literary tastes europe romance tongues vernacular languages descended latin achieved importance especially dialects france oil spoken north loire river provencal south castilian slightly later producing important literature italian similarity latin emerge major literary language late thirteenth century principal genres vernacular literature heroic epic lyric poetry courtly romance heroic epics chansons de survived abundance oldest song roland composed oil quarter eleventh century basis poem ambush rear guard charlemagne army command roland basques roncesvalles poetic imagination older legend transformed minor frankish setback major event war islam
ottomans allowed subject communities live laws officials requiring pay taxes supply ottoman army administration ottoman conquests greatly disturb society economy culture communities able play role considerable importance social economic ottoman empire trade remained vigorous black sea eastern mediterranean sea largely hands greeks armenians jews ottomans remained aloof commercial undertakings confined careers government service army course enormous expansion ottoman sultans faced formidable problem developing military administrative institutions strong hold vast empire medieval rulers sultan originally governed aid council chosen advisers called divan mohammed conqueror sultan considered august participate personally deliberations function presiding meetings divan fell grand vizier chief administrative official ottoman administration divided major categories civil ecclesiastical military divan retained supreme responsibility civil military branches supervised collection taxes tribute conscription soldiers conduct foreign affairs recommendations sultan concerning peace war major decisions functioned court disputes religious character religious affairs administered class judges specially trained islamic law constituted special corps called
event occurred ultimately lead luther irrevocable break church spring dominican friar johann began sell indulgences miles wittenberg part huge fundraising effort pay church st peter rome originally indulgence granted person unable crusade gave sufficient money permit poor crusader reach holy land indulgence released sinner period punishment purgatory going heaven justified sort credit drawn treasury merit built jesus saints doctrine defined exactly taking advantage vagueness sell indulgences indiscriminately expert salesman offering complete releases purgatory bothering mention repentance demanded condition forgiveness sin wittenberg soon flocking buy easy guarantee salvation luther groping evangelical solution doubts unforgivable deprived hard earned money spurious worthless promises october nailed door university church wittenberg ninety theses statements indulgences offered debate experts christian doctrine revolutionary document merely luther believed correct teachings indulgences pope remit penalties canon law imposed promise general release true believer shared benefits church obtained letters pardon
study nature europeans took point departure ancient greeks interests shaped subsequent sixteenth century aristotle physics ptolemy astronomy galen medicine dramatic advances scientific revolution fields greeks pioneered extent caused increasing evidence theories required highly complicated perplexing adjustments order cover facts instance aristotle belief objects natural rest created number problems explaining arrow flying leaving bow grappling question fourteenth century scientists explanation belief moving body possessed impetus motion going died similarly observations revealed ptolemy picture heavens motion circular central earth account easily peculiar motion planets times moving backward galen theories based mistaken anatomical information shown dissections inadequate likely philosophers abandoned cherished theories preferred making adjustments beginning anew influences fifteenth sixteenth centuries humanists rediscovery number ancient scientists showed classical writers agreed theories aristotle ptolemy important rediscovery archimedes studies dynamics important inspiration ideas physics influence increasing interest dismiss magic regarded intellectual enterprise
countries ruled absolutist monarchs power believed emanate untrammeled person king center society court leaders government assembled swirled envied social circles court louis xiv atmosphere ornate splendor arose primarily intended exalt king inevitably glorified aristocracy ruler match scale magnificence tried imitate style view louis xiv absolutism building government hand hand focus preferably turbulent city paris end louis cost half royal income transformed small chateau father built versailles twelve miles paris largest building europe surrounded vast elaborate formal gardens splendor setting designed impress majesty principal occupant complex ritual daily ceremonies centered king gradually evolved sun king means aggrandizement symbolized coins showed rays sun falling louis reflection subjects owed warmth monarch versailles provided physical setting domestication nobility sought louis favor ostentatious appearance court endless factions plots swirled palace courtiers position competing privileges handing king gloves morning louis regarded servants constantly aware vulnerable status
eighteenth century struggle exercise power ruler seek effect constitutional change rights immunities separate estates primarily aristocratic orders reduced fiscal resources deprived authority conducting foreign affairs pursuing internal reform privileges monopolies enjoyed provinces towns guilds restrained trade hampered economic growth militated common welfare eighteenth century heads increasingly believed chief defenders enlightened despots period attack obstructive privilege usual part policy considered crowned constitutional reformers sweden offers estates meeting house diet held king tax change laws war peace alliances agreement diet offered effective leadership divided hostile factions especially nobles spent energies ceaseless battles office patronage readily sold support foreign powers eager influence swedish policy notably france russia king trained france imbued liberal ideas gustavus iii ascended throne aid army french support mounted coup diet point bayonets forced constitution houses comprehensive written document kind adopted european gave king broader limited powers diet assemble royal summons discuss king proposed agreement taxes laws
absence electoral politics napoleon vast appointive powers confer status prominent local figures associating regime regional dignitaries chosen prosperous landowners middle class common definitively returned supposedly rightful place deferential passivity source status added enhance prestige served regime order legion honor tenths members military trinkets mankind governed napoleon supposed legion honor awards local appointments patronage system precisely trinkets endured creator napoleon helped consolidate middle class dominance practical ways system compulsory labor passports gave employers control workers movements trade unions strikes strictly prohibited leading bankers realized standing ambition national bank chartered fully controlled enjoyed credit power derived official ties education napoleon created elite secondary schools designed part produce high civil servants officers joined rigidly centralized academic system survived intact twentieth century dominating pattern french education say retarding teachers professors certified assigned paris enormous bureaucracy regulated educational affairs smallest detail curriculum maintenance equally durable legal covered social relations property rights civil code renamed napoleonic code guaranteed fundamental departures regime practices revolutionary document progressives pleased exported europe
factory workers earned sustain family employment women children survival advantageous employers appreciated greater dexterity lower wages accept largest factories cotton mills commonly half laborers women quarter children coal mines women children hired push carts narrower shafts smaller proportion force class formed women children clustered source employment dependent cash subsistence subjected rigid discipline factory awakened dawn factory bell tramped pace production relentless dangers machinery irate foremen lapse attention workday fourteen hours stopping help neighbor brought fine harsh reprimand children frequently beaten fines proved effective spurred threats piece rates unemployment precarious millions regular employment simply tasks find hauling digging pence industrial workers set conditions labor slums lived special restrictions passport french workers required present applying job recorded comments previous employers conduct performance understandably powerful worried social volcano lived sensitive feared effect immorality degradation accompanied industrial
french foreign minister pierre laval determined hidden course divergent france public position successful political career drifted steadily earning respectful distrust parties sought italy friend germany secret meetings sir samuel hoare british counterpart arranged settlement ethiopian crisis effect give country italy plan leaked press public outrage swamped sponsors hoare dismissed laval soon fell power plan delayed decision crucial question adding oil list sanctions undermined confidence democracies ethiopia capitulated months later italians celebrated league formal lifting bans league nations longer seriously force peace shortly conquest ethiopia nationalist revolt broke spain led military italy germany quickly proffered support insurgents end fascist powers signed agreement creating rome berlin axis germany pact japan spanish civil war immediately deepened europe international ideological division competing camps times previously spanish army claimed represent national civil war side defense democracy fascist aggression battle social justice reactionaries war crusade traditional society religion ravages anarchists communists west public sharply divided idealistic young marxists spain thousands fight volunteers national units lincoln garibaldi brigade greatest moment defeat regular italian troops mussolini
communist governments eastern europe outdid soviet fatherland including stalin ruthless secret police camps russia open exploitation neighbors resources aid industrial growth inevitably resented stalin death allowed resentment show months workers east berlin streets proclaiming general strike protest increased production quotas believed primarily benefit soviet union russian tanks rushed put revolt lasting effects walter leader east germany strengthening party dictatorship offered reform program higher wages living conditions won russians recognition east german sovereignty end occupation tightly tied soviet union limited autonomy east germany developed voice councils communist countries expanded trade west germany states soviet orbit outburst erupted poland khrushchev speech attacking stalin began workers protest quickly gathered support growing faction national communist party critical russian policies poland soviet forces intervened jeered attacked polish party elected gomulka party secretary preference pro russian candidate gomulka remained dominant figure government firm communist insisted socialist states follow paths russia accordance national traditions convinced soviet leaders loyalty russian alliance loyalty subsequently proved occasions won acquiescence independent course
society affected theologians hailed benefits greater openness sex literature dress practice found anathema churches socially aware radical marxist parties modern accomplished civil marriages divorces increased religious vocations declined christians evoked rigid traditional standards morality dismissed reactionaries embraced modern psychology worked social change accused charged society moral crisis widely heard election john paul ii pope significantly pole non italian pope clearly marked continuing roman catholic church proved immensely popular theological moral matters involving family sex priesthood remained resolutely conservative christians outspoken crisis values generation philosophers silent britain united states dominance logical positivism analytic philosophy complete philosophy highly specialized mathematical discipline inclined view ethical questions troubling thoughtful loosely defined merit comment signs philosophical creativity intellectual problems largely formulated nineteenth century kierkegaard marx nietzsche freud significantly nineteenth century schools thought critical western society optimistic human nature largely era dominated science social philosophy today despite interesting efforts extend findings biology theories human society affected theories natural science voltaire applied newton society hobbes sought analyze mechanics politics
part story blind elephant don look page story fable story teach lesson elephant fable thought blind lesson fable teaches blind spots views look ways think feel ways regarding argument billy tommy lounge sided person race wrong course original argument caused racial conflict sided person race understand things ways examine extreme examples read african tribe wives chief fatter women attractive supposed hand american women meals thin thinner think beautiful moslems orthodox jews eat beef eat pork hand hindu slaughter cow source beef food starving adult americans place aged parents homes hand eskimo groups freezing cold wait death expected
ronnie morris senior central high curious students central feel rule students carry program card students show cards asked school authority miss ronnie social studies teacher suggested ronnie survey school issue question sheet hand ronnie walked school cafeteria shocked answers received question table student cares going pay attention poll hates rule won change ronnie reported experiences class miss ronnie asked true pays attention public opinion polls think count miss thought answered certainly think counts democracy government win support miss class discuss importance public opinion democracy public opinion belief idea issue political social importance carol lewis mean public opinion air pressure ronnie measure public opinion accurately measure air pressure miss re ronnie fact american hold belief actually think correct spoke kinds public opinion discussing issue importance american
liberty means freedom freedom individual democracy return mary class weber reminded live groups groups give liberty individual weber walked close mary swung arm fist stopped short mary nose asked swing want mary answered hit swing fist stops fist reaches nose liberty absolute complete relative depends situation weber asked group actually increase freedom restricting withholding freedom class answer weber asked question suppose tommy talked class tried answer question asked increasing decreasing freedom refused call tommy talk called sally answered taking freedom tommy giving rest freedom part class tommy raised hand limiting number fish catch increase freedom fish weber agreed live society democracy try reach happy medium individual freedom needs society mary thoughts incident front school remembered reading sign student holding sign created equal mary asked democracy equal
cases wonder family matter nation falling actually family divorces increasing united states stories tom mary bill jane sid franny tell young today experimenting styles young rejecting traditional institutions marriage family living getting married living communes change change clothes families breaking styles encouraging forms human relationships reach conclusion family doomed try answer question let examine evidence fewer million married depression number divorces low happened war ii million americans married number divorces half million number marriages divorces smaller larger figures depression millions soldiers home war exceptions explain number marriages divorces risen thing population united states grown fewer lived united states marriage rate higher actual number marriages lower
ways describe taxes classify taxes according items taxed income taxes paid according amount money person business earns personal income tax depends fed clothed housed income excise taxes paid goods services taxes bottle perfume movie ticket examples excise taxes property taxes paid homes property sales taxes paid consumers purchases retail stores food taxed restaurant meals clothing products taxed taxes classified according income pay progressive tax designed larger larger percentage persons income income increases tax takes higher percentage rich person income poor person income hand tax opposite tax takes larger percentage poor person income rich person income taxes classified manner collected direct taxes paid taxpayer government collects money government taxpayer pays direct tax knows indirect tax called hidden tax tax paid individual business pass tax landlord apartment house pays property tax building land tax passed tenants rent
inflation end war ii purchasing power dollar decline basically means order family individual purchase preceding family individual earn average weekly salary workers increased due increased taxes inflation buying power earnings actually decreased percent groups hit harder inflation affects groups society suffer hardest hit persons lower income brackets living fixed incomes elderly widowed mother disabled dependent fixed pensions cost living increases live money buys poor hurt inflation money bank find money deposited worth terms purchasing power withdraw deposited creditors loaned money find money loaned worth repaid loan economists totally agreed reasons inflation takes place generally blame factors supply money excess demand demand pull increasing costs cost push supply money circulation fixed sum
additives artificial ingredients chemicals foods source concern ago artificial sweeteners called sodas researchers found caused cancer laboratory animals additives preserve foods spoil quickly additives give color flavor products called orange drink orange juice orange coloring orange flavoring orange juice bacon flavored cracker additive taste bacon bacon popular chocolate pudding dessert ingredients lot water sugar chemicals chocolate small percentage product hot dog food consumer groups criticized billion hot dogs sold america food size weight average hot dog percent water percent fat percent protein percent ingredients hot dog preserves rosy color sodium nitrite recent experiments sodium nitrite cancer laboratory animals food manufacturers argue additives preservatives americans idea bakery freshness today stale tomorrow half century ago foods stay fresh cottage cheese separated cookies dried days foods fats oils turned rancid spoiled canned fruits vegetables soft mushy
prejudice means person mind knowing facts prejudice harmless innocuous thing sports fan convinced team greatest ball club history prejudiced mind subject knowing facts team history kind prejudice harms child stands mother father things prejudiced favor agree thing prejudice harmful leads act hostile inhuman ways chinese showed prejudice prejudice leads compel live special parts town makes difficult education paying jobs discrimination words discrimination takes place prejudiced person prejudice hurts fairly common form prejudice stereotype printing stereotype plate print exact pattern impression stereotype look members group exactly stereotyping yes mexicans alike sitting trees sound asleep sombreros faces speaker clearly prejudiced stereotyped mexicans lazy unfortunately prejudiced try friends
movement today mexican americans called la la means things mexican american means pride part calls la raza race la raza include spanish speaking mexican americans living united states la raza means pride called chicano spanish word mexican english speaking americans dropped sounded ch pronounced chicano mexican americans thought chicano insult today proud called chicanos la represents giant effort mexican americans million mexican americans live united states makes largest country hispanic american groups mexican americans live southwest states belonged mexico california texas colorado mexico arizona pride part la raza called chicano comes things comes pride ancestry chicano born spanish conquerors married indian women chicano ancestors living americas group arrived learned chapter mexican americans highly developed society mexican americans proud fact ancestors taught pioneers cowboys vaquero mexican cowboy rode plains southwest american cowboy century special words american cowboy mexican cowboy words bronco rodeo corral
look story paper diane caught guys held charley liquor store saturday hope police lock throw key bless wow sneeze cold yes caught nancy baker sat math class yesterday sneezed gave cold sneezing public hand phone going call police hello operator give police want report person walking public cold scene ridiculous expect mugging holdup criminal matters common cold disease fact sneezing caused common cold law behavior caused illnesses alcoholic reels drunk public put jail drunk alcoholism disease drug addict found supply heroin pockets put jail crime drug addiction disease critics system criminal justice say mistake label crimes activities actions victim true alcoholic drug addict harming police matter bookie handles bets prostitute customer put jail activities physically harmed acts true derelict spends night park bench person foul abusive language public
form jail existence realized need laws jails sure rid crime streets lock crooks throw keys say won worry crime obviously explain reason society builds jails streets commit crimes reason society builds jails punish wrongdoers government weak government wronged took law hands seen happen crime shows story person family group seeks group wrong group score side felt turn revenge revenge revenge society today responsibility finding guilty place private individuals overlooked punishing person group society punished guilty need private revenge reason punishing discourage want commit crimes severity punishment effect crime rate thieves tortured hanged robbery burglary common recently look murder rate point executed murder person executed murder
letter writers pickets protesters women distributing leaflets common dissenters dissenters disapprove policies government society let feel statement essential dissent true dissent means letting feel think mayor town foolish feeling dissent thinks prices high say dissent let felt dissenters dictatorship system government person rules allow dissent successful dictator convince public wrong allowed question decisions suggest occasion mistake idea intolerable dictator democracy hand person holds absolute power majority rules elected representatives democracy believe majority reason rights minority carefully protected correct issue case sooner able convince majority wisdom position rest country reason americans look rights dissent democracy constitution laws guarantee demonstrating disapproval dissenters course expected obey law words government protects rights minority protect majority
technological progress population growth americans difficult position terms vanishing wilderness nation population grows larger need space campers hikers vacationers need land highways airports shopping centers industrial parks progress easier americans enjoy leisure progress brought pollution endangers ecological balance nature trying reverse trend destroying wilderness miles southeast tucson arizona couple decided turn environmental clock devoting acre farm working united states forest service arizona land department frank appleton ranch ecological preserve raising cattle arid dry area acres support cow appletons allowing farm return natural congress established yellowstone nation national park congress established national parks national seashores national want backpack charlie tony enjoy spectacular sights glaciers swamps prairies snowcapped mountains giant caves mile deep grand canyon largest oldest living things giant trees sequoia national park prefer prehistoric cliff dwellings mexico swampy grasslands everglades national park future generations americans enjoy natural beauty precious areas carefully controlled
cases save environment automobiles power plants pollute air breathe air pollution expensive terms human lives lost due lung cancer emphysema pollution dollars cents cost seen corroded steel paint decaying brick cement supply fresh sea water limited salt water accounts percent total water planet percent remaining fresh water polar ice caps polluted water result diseases cholera typhoid dysentery water pollution destroys fish caused herring catch lake erie drop pounds cost cents gallons remove percent pollution water supply cost pollution control devices automobiles runs depending high standards clean air ton scrap cars melted hundreds pounds metal glass reclaimed willing pay cost willing hard choices needed save environment england died result dense poisonous fog hit london london famous gray london fog longer joke found smoke soft coal burned homes industries combined normal fog deadly gray fog government prohibited banned soft coal
middle east called crossroads civilization continents europe africa asia meet middle east religions judaism christianity islam began jerusalem holy city religions early civilizations egypt mesopotamia modern iraq began area suez canal direct water route mediterranean red sea seas asia dug egypt add tremendous oil resources arabian states easily region important nations soviet union sought gain foothold middle east war ii britain france russia war ii united states major power middle east american oil companies engineering firms dominate oil producing refining transportation pipeline companies area united states economic military support israel saudi arabia jordan soviet union replaced united states supplier libya syria iraq egypt powerful united states sixth fleet mediterranean waters united states strong stake middle east military believe interests allow soviet union gain strong position area power politics soviet union increase influence middle east order create balance power area middle east problem complicated crisis facing united states united states today faces energy crisis
europeans means pioneers human civilization half recorded history passed europe read write priests egypt began written records thousand later poems homer circulated greek city states word mouth shortly pharaohs building pyramids europeans laboriously setting huge stones called stonehenge known word europe neolithic stone age truth age human history age human beings learned sharp tools weave cloth build living quarters domesticate animals plant seeds harvest crops sense returning cycles months east egypt euphrates tigris valley island crete shores aegean sea belonged asia europe reached neolithic age thousand europe east moving bronze age dim dark continent europe began difficult trace europeans learned smelt forge metals bronze age setting iron age steady infusion peoples europe spoke languages related languages spoken india iran similar peoples migrated languages interconnection known nineteenth century referred european spoke merging imposing speech older european stocks ancestors classical greeks romans europeans modern times
edward england philip fair france assessed taxes landed estates belonging abbeys components church pope boniface viii prohibited taxation clergy civil ruler ensuing issued famous bull unam sanctam extreme assertions papal supremacy declared roman church salvation human creature subject roman french king retorted sending soldiers arrest boniface soon died french influence college cardinals brought election pope subservient philip took residence court officials avignon lower rhone river borders france began babylonian captivity church rest europe regarded popes avignon century tools france prestige papacy universal institution badly dimmed attempts correct situation matters worse college cardinals torn french french factions elected popes equally legitimate chosen cardinals lived rome avignon resign french supporters recognized avignon pope england germany roman forty lines perpetuated estranged schism west papacy externally magnificent days captivity schism papal court avignon surpassed courts kings splendor papal officialdom grew numbers ignoring deeper problems busily business
supreme site italian renaissance florence city lying side river independent republic territory extending fifty miles directions florence city grown wealthy later middle ages production woolens developed intense civic spirit conflicts italian cities home merchant princes medici famous families enriched earlier generations woolen trade passing banking emerged urban governing class easily royalty overshadow feudal nobility surrounding country weak patricians opposed populace early medici popular followings outbursts factionalism common compounded rivalry italian cities increasing involvement holy roman emperor king france pope medici dominant fifteenth century expelled restored expelled restored permanently remained hereditary grand dukes tuscany pages suggest wealth civic political crises florence end republic interesting outsiders civil turmoil florentine literature works art writers kind humanists abounded city reflecting interests renaissance rejected church centered university oriented learning middle ages brought spirit study latin greek classics found keen significance times
thirty war german sovereign rights states numbered depending counted higher figure included knights empire found south germany rhineland persons acknowledged emperor knights tiny estates averaging hundred acres apiece consisting castle manor enclosed territory larger forming part free knights arisen ways lords simply ceased attend diet won exemption duke jurisdiction retired domains leaving surface pockmarked small units politically independent england peers lost interest house lords set independently estates emperor knights regarded superior fact authority knights effect private persons enjoying sovereign status anomaly bizarre distorted freedom knights hundred states capable independence action free cities abbots subjects archbishops bishops ruling temporal power dukes king king bohemia highest ranking called electors privilege electing emperor golden bull electors archbishops cologne mainz trier laymen count palatine rhine duke saxony king bohemia bavaria electorate peace hanover end century finally electors
queen anne reigning stuart died succeeded george elector hanover provided parliament act settlement george nearest relative stuarts protestant heavy middle aged german spoke english continued spend germany brought england retinue german ministers favorites ungainly mistresses dubbed england elephant maypole popular england regarded political convenience position play strong hand english public reign parliament gained independence crown main problem principles revolution maintained agreement parties revolution bloodless proved temporary whigs considered revolution remained minority landowning noblemen wealthy london merchants lesser business nonconformists religion whigs generally controlled house lords house commons uncertain peace majority tory noted significance english constitutional development conflict prowar whig majority house lords tory majority commons conflict resolved help establish primacy house commons parties tended dissolve terms whig tory ceased definite meaning general government anglican bishops close government remained whig
skepticism history seventeenth century history form true knowledge mathematical useless adam perfect needed history felt passed history mass fables history distrusted historians pretentious claiming high flying letters writing rhetorical inspirational appeal argumentative reasons disdaining hard labor actual study history losing confidence thinking asked feel certainty alleged events happened living person born doubting attitude arose stricter sense evidence realization proof past scholars set assemble evidence hoped create history reliable statements europe littered papers abbeys manor houses royal archives full written documents unknown age unknown origin written handwriting longer read learned laborious enthusiasts set explore accumulation added efforts predecessors virtually create modern critical scholarship erudition french benedictine monk jean book referring ancient charters diplomas established science deals deciphering reading dating manuscripts frenchman published dictionary medieval latin
british revolutionary napoleonic wars declared france allies blockade expect starve deprive materials war western europe sufficient food armaments large extent produced locally simple materials iron copper saltpeter europe required indispensable overseas chief aim british blockade imports enemy countries trade imports enemy hands kill enemy commerce shipping order short run weaken war making powers enemy government undermining revenues navy run weaken enemy position markets economic warfare trade warfare british willing british goods pass enemy smuggling mediation early french republicans denounced england modern carthage ruthless mercantile profit seeking power aspired enslave europe financial commercial system wars british fact obtained monopoly shipment overseas commodities europe advanced industrial produce cotton cloth articles power machinery cheaply peoples europe threatened monopolize european market manufactured goods feeling europe modern carthage especially bourgeois commercial classes competition upper classes hostile caring goods consumed originated aristocracies governments susceptible argument britain money power nation shopkeepers napoleon put fought wars pounds sterling blood search europe
thousands revolutionaries liberals fled terror raging italy spain dreaded conservatives main seat revolutionary infection napoleonic domination spain spanish americans seized opportunity launch rebellions led wars independence north south america simon bolivar leaders dissatisfied spanish colonial rule influenced examples american french revolutions temporarily established independent states major setbacks independence movements slowly recovered crush rebellions america regain absolute power spain twin objectives spanish king east ignite conflagration alexander greek spent adult military service russia led band armed followers russia rumania part turkey hoping greeks pro greeks turkish empire join expected russian support penetration turkey greek christians pet project russian foreign policy possibility turkish empire converted greek empire dependent russia naturally unpleasant metternich deal matters international congress met verona alexander shifting liberal reactionary views changed belief need international government pure power politics determined decisions doubtless favored revolutionary violence disowned found enthusiasm greek culture balkan peoples expected soon defeated turks
marx differed hegel vital respect hegel emphasized primacy ideas social change marx gave emphasis primacy material conditions materialism marx meant basic element society economic primarily ideas create social live contrary form society especially economic institutions ideas bottom relations production technology invention natural resources property systems determine kind religions philosophies governments laws moral values accept believe ideas precede generate actualities according marx error hegel hegel thought mind conceives idea freedom realizes greek city christianity french revolution kingdom prussia according marx idea freedom idea generated actual economic social conditions conditions roots ideas trees hegel held ideas roots resulting actual conditions trees marx engels found hegel standing head set feet picture historical development offered marx follows material conditions relations production give rise economic classes agrarian conditions produce landholding feudal class trade routes money productive techniques commercial bourgeois class arises class feudal bourgeois develops ideology suited needs prevailing religions governments laws morals reflect outlook classes classes inevitably clash bourgeois revolutions feudal interests break england france germany thought bourgeois revolution germany proved abortive bourgeois class develops inevitably calls class antithesis proletariat
newer sciences anthropology psychology developed rapidly part nineteenth century effect civilization unlike darwinism accepted biological evolution price truly scientific eschewed standards wrong set finding explaining mere facts human behavior anthropology set task studying physical cultural characteristics branches mankind physical anthropologists interested human races considered favored darwinian sense superior inheritance survival concluded scientists whites competent race whites teutons germans anglo saxons public exaggerating ideas race conscious europeans hand cultural anthropologists surveying manner primitive complex societies scientific disinterest teach doctrine scientifically culture society adaptations environment merely matter custom mores careful distinction morals effect kind relativism skepticism negation values belief wrong matters social convention psychological conditioning mere opinion point view describing let repeated history science effects science european civilization impact anthropology felt keenly religion
british presence india reaching centuries spanned period early trading empires latest phases european imperialism seventeenth century indian subcontinent held muslim empire ruler known europe mogul revenues twenty times greater king england europeans handfuls foreigners operating small coastal stations mogul authority fell pieces leaving disorganized situation british emerged supreme power country india nineteenth century represented fullest form european imperialism reached asia africa parts ruled british directly parts rajahs native states british power prevented internal warfare subordinated conflicts hindus muslims peace generally prevailed mutiny rebellion quickly suppressed british introduced ideas law government civil service education food production increased irrigation famine relieved transport provisions railroad population grew rapidly british invested deal capital india railroads coal mines tea plantations development indian capital especially jute cotton steel industries railroad opened interior cheaper products lancashire handicraft village industries destroyed symbolically revived gandhi spinning wheel fact replaced extensive development modern manufacturers india moved twentieth century land violent contrasts endless villages interrupted teeming cities staggering problems poverty overpopulation important industrial country heavy involvement trade
late ally russia hands bolsheviks ostracized leper colony taking part international relations late german hungarian empires defunct revolutionary regimes struggled establish places republics existed baltic coast poland danube basin effective governments acknowledged frontiers europe east france italy approaching chaos revolution russian style threatening western europe wrenched resemblance allied blockade germany continued circumstances victors assembled paris bleak winter reconstruct signed treaties named paris suburbs st germain austria hungary neuilly bulgaria sevres turkey especially germany treaty versailles looked awe expectation president united states wilson occupied lone eminence enjoyed universal prestige victors vanquished admitted american intervention decided conflict tried confused bereaved stirred wilson thrilling language favor higher concert peace forever secure free wilson reached europe january visiting allied capitals wildly acclaimed mobbed greeted lead civilization wasteland wilson views known stated january fourteen points principles victory peace established
east africa independence movements encountered obstacles kenya southern africa economically privileged minority white settlers set government nonwhite africans nationalist movement responded violence terrorism reaching climax early activities secret society british imprisoned jomo kenyatta nationalist leaders forcibly suppressed extremists decade unrest granted independence kenya kenyatta presided country governing firmly parliamentary institutions important colonial areas east africa uganda independent constitutional regime struggle ensued central government centuries kingdom promised autonomy central government triumphed fell presidential dictatorship general took power earned reputation capricious brutal dictator uganda kenya process directed asians europeans thousands indians east africa days british rule country merchants shopkeepers bankers expelled property expropriated parts east africa tanganyika german east africa independent early zanzibar british protectorate merged adopting tanzania tanzania served bridgehead chinese communist influence continent important rail link tanzanian port capital dar es zambia completed help chinese republic
science preponderant characteristic acceleration scientific discovery technological application science technology expanded rapidly half century war scientific activity place rapid rate previous human history scientists contemporary era trained scientists estimated exploring scientific problems opening twentieth century part century scientists engaged research total previous centuries average person experienced triumphs science dramatically medicine public health sulfa drugs penicillin cortisone antibiotics combat infections ailments crippling deadly vitamins hormones adrenalin insulin promote health relieve suffering vaccines invented combat number dread diseases including poliomyelitis smallpox eradicated wide advances medicine accompanied remarkable accomplishments surgery including transplantation vital organs advances medical science citizens industrial society benefited modern technology ways familiar need recounting entertainment radio motion picture war television hinted revolution electronics spell end age gutenberg airplanes fly faster speed sound giant airships traverse huge distances hours tourist travel distant parts earth commonplace computers space technology opened threshold industrial age based atomic power
reason accept uncritically extreme projections doubling rate population individual countries problem remained acute dissemination popularization birth control techniques partial answer required reaching remote villages overcoming popular resistance adjustment attitude part major religions growing standards comfort security size families deliberately controlled happened earlier western europe united states japan soviet union eastern europe china distant distant growing standards comfort security sight thirds peoples hundreds millions lived inadequate unrelieved rations grain rice experts estimated percent population suffered malnutrition economic development programs designed increase industrial agricultural output feed swelling populations raise living standards question remained economic advances pace population growth independence india increased food production percent population grew percent harvests india feed gloomy malthus end eighteenth century population growth unchecked food supply proposition social thinkers rejected discussed technical improvements agriculture enormous increases food production malthus food production continued rise reason predictions necessarily prevail distribution remained unequal striking differences productivity
times grew worse worse rip van winkle matrimony rolled tart temper age sharp tongue edged tool grows keener constant console driven home kind perpetual club philosophers idle personages village held sessions bench small inn designated rubicund portrait majesty george sit shade lazy summer talking listlessly village gossip telling endless sleepy stories worth money heard profound discussions took place chance newspaper fell hands passing solemnly listen contents drawled derrick van schoolmaster dapper learned daunted gigantic word dictionary deliberate public events months place opinions junta completely controlled nicholas vedder patriarch village landlord inn door took seat morning till night moving sufficiently avoid sun shade large tree neighbours tell hour movements accurately sundial true rarely heard speak smoked pipe incessantly adherents adherents perfectly understood knew gather opinions
beneath pressure torments feeble remnant succumbed evil thoughts sole intimates darkest evil thoughts usual temper increased hatred things mankind sudden frequent ungovernable outbursts fury blindly abandoned uncomplaining wife alas usual patient sufferers accompanied household errand cellar building poverty compelled inhabit cat steep stairs nearly throwing headlong exasperated madness uplifting axe forgetting wrath childish dread hitherto stayed hand aimed blow animal course proved instantly fatal descended wished blow arrested hand wife goaded interference rage demoniacal withdrew arm grasp buried axe brain fell dead spot groan hideous murder accomplished set forthwith entire deliberation task concealing body knew remove house night risk observed neighbors projects entered mind period thought cutting corpse minute fragments destroying fire resolved dig grave floor cellar deliberated casting yard packing box usual arrangements getting porter house
joe friend julie pa joe jim told happen don news affair leaked chances joe barnes told wife told wife told husband anyways leak meyers nerve kid jim shop jim didn deny nothin kind laughed wait lots tried monkey ile town wise julie bein wild mad doc don suppose idea face changed course couldn didn times excuses office pass side street look window felt sorry meyers jim doc cut jim didn pay attention jokes trick jim knack voice think girl talkin mimic voice show line tell joke played
pilot house full pilots going look river called upper river hundred miles st louis cairo ohio comes low mississippi channel constantly pilots find run cairo fresh look boats lie port week water low stage visiting pilots ready willing winter summer night yawl help buoy channel assist boat pilots likewise welcomed pilots tireless talkers gathered talk river understood interesting true pilot cares earth river pride occupation surpasses pride kings fine company river inspectors trip ten abundance room pilot house wore polished silk hats elaborate shirt fronts diamond kid gloves patentleather boots choice english bore dignity proper solid means prodigious reputation pilots loosely clad wore heads tall felt cones suggestive days commonwealth cipher august company felt subdued say sufficient consequence assist wheel put tiller hard hurry guest stood nearest occasion required pretty channel scant water
hours later kitchen heaping windfall pecans backs hurt gathering hard find main crop shaken trees sold orchard owners concealing leaves frosted deceiving grass cherry crunch scraps miniature thunder sound shells collapse golden mound sweet oily ivory meat mounts milk glass bowl queenie begs taste friend sneaks mite insisting deprive buddy start won stop scarcely thirty cakes kitchen growing dark dusk turns window mirror reflections mingle rising moon fireside firelight moon high toss final hull fire joined sighs watch catch flame buggy empty bowl brimful eat supper cold biscuits bacon blackberry jam discuss tomorrow tomorrow kind begins buying cherries ginger vanilla canned hawaiian pineapple rinds raisins walnuts whiskey flour butter eggs spices flavorings need pony pull buggy home purchases question money sums persons house occasionally provide dime considered big money earn activities holding rummage sales selling buckets hand picked blackberries jars homemade jam apple jelly peach preserves rounding flowers funerals weddings
forty night houston hatch open heat running hours late ensconced armor sized spaceship felt instant awe looked open hatch panorama theater sky black ground brightly lit bright footlights floor dark theater black midnight sky moon ground shirt sleeves suntan aldrin say remember thinking gee didn believe created environment west simulation pitted flat shadows dark sky shadows dark mine shafts struggle push congested cabin congested bulky wham suits feeling obstacle flesh sense touch dead numb spaceman body manipulated moon upright piano turned movers corner stairs re lined platform put left foot bit okay roll left armstrong finally porch sense alien atmosphere receiving fifteen layer pack suit slowly climbed ladder felt boy descending rungs wall abandoned jack stalk bottom leg lem metal plate feet
read outline revision simply kind rough outline getting started helps writer sure sidetracked important left revising vital writer initially put paper spotting obvious mistakes changing words phrases meaning clearer poets seldom able dash poem frequently write result labor testing word considering alternative arrived effective perfect expression thoughts whitman manuscripts show poet crossing line adding inserting fresh image replacing word accurate discover revising interesting important parts writing process look finished draft look kinds mistakes likely spelling errors punctuation errors statements complete sentences errors agreement singular subject plural verb plural pronoun singular noun kinds errors writers commit prone watch obvious thoughts clearly expressed examples clearer substitute specific language general terms omitted steps argument put steps wrong order
disregarding song birds waving green trees smell flowers jimmy headed straight restaurant tasted sweet joys liberty shape broiled chicken bottle white wine cigar grade warden proceeded leisurely depot tossed quarter hat blind sitting door boarded train hours set town line cafe mike shook hands mike bar sorry couldn sooner jimmy boy mike protest springfield buck governor nearly balked feeling fine jimmy key key upstairs unlocking door room rear left floor ben price collar button torn eminent detective shirt band overpowered jimmy arrest pulling wall folding bed jimmy slid panel wall dragged dust covered suitcase opened gazed fondly finest set burglar tools east complete set specially tempered steel latest designs drills punches braces bits jimmies clamps novelties invented jimmy took pride hundred dollars cost place things profession
broken cold gray exceedingly cold gray turned main yukon trail climbed high earth bank dim traveled trail led eastward fat spruce timberland steep bank paused breath top excusing act looking watch clock sun hint sun cloud sky clear intangible pall face things subtle gloom dark due absence sun fact worry lack sun days seen sun knew days pass cheerful due south peep skyline dip immediately view flung look yukon lay mile wide hidden feet ice top ice feet snow pure white rolling gentle ice jams freeze formed north south eye unbroken white save dark hairline curved twisted spruce covered island south curved twisted north disappeared spruce covered island dark hairline trail main trail led south hundred miles chilcoot pass salt water led north seventy miles dawson north thousand miles finally st michael bering sea thousand miles half thousand
mother making dress month november school find kitchen surrounded cut red velvet scraps tissue paper pattern worked treadle machine pushed window light let look past stubble fields bare vegetable garden road seldom red velvet material hard pulled style mother chosen easy sewer things tried skip basting pressing took pride fine points tailoring finishing buttonholes seams instance aunt grandmother unlike started inspiration brave dazzling idea moment pleasure ran downhill place find pattern suit wonder patterns match ideas blossomed head times younger flowered dress high victorian neckline edged scratchy lace poke bonnet match scottish plaid outfit velvet jacket tam embroidered peasant blouse worn full red skirt black laced bodice worn clothes docility pleasure days unaware opinion grown wiser wished dresses friend lonnie bought beale store try
poem idea buried poems games played language sound simply paint picture words poems ideas want decode poem things look words poem read kind words poet chosen simple moor sea heather checks tickets god heaven writer deity look structure poem series short sentences verse echoes structure exactly poem simple childlike idea easy poet believe things actually seen heaven poem adds summary idea idea meaning poem emerges kind words poet chooses sound poem quick catchy slow smooth rough hard say structure tight ramble poem mean images series images precise paragraph prose feel writer means experience poem imagination metaphor ideas expressed poetry metaphor black bell ringing puts concrete thing bell abstract idea girl feels result looking meaning expressed
grandma cynthia murray palmer lived henning tennessee pop fifty miles north memphis summer grew visited women relatives grandma age aunt liz murray taught oklahoma aunt till merriwether jackson tennessee younger niece cousin georgia anderson kansas city kansas supper dishes washed seats talk rocking chairs front porch scrunch listening grandma squeaky chair dusk deepening night lightning bugs flicking honeysuckles talked family story passed generations whistling blur lights southbound panama limited train whooshing henning signaled bedtime talking places events didn understand guessed talked happened ago grandma speaking past excitedly thrust finger exclaiming wasn big young un astound gray haired relate age head began recording picturing scenes describe furthest person grandma talked tones awe noticed call african ship brought place pronounced mas john waller bought plantation county african escaping fourth trying kill slave catcher gave punishment losing foot
dark autumn night banker pacing corner corner study recalling mind party gave autumn fifteen clever party interesting conversation talked things capital punishment guests scholars journalists part disapproved capital punishment found obsolete means punishment unfitted christian immoral thought capital punishment replaced universally imprisonment don agree host experienced capital punishment imprisonment judge priori opinion capital punishment moral humane imprisonment execution kills instantly imprisonment kills degrees humane executioner kills seconds draws incessantly re equally immoral remarked guests purpose god give desire company lawyer young twenty asked opinion capital punishment imprisonment equally immoral offered choice certainly choose live live ensued lively discussion banker younger nervous suddenly lost temper banged fist table turning young lawyer cried lie bet millions wouldn stick cell
cold cabin deck ice sun stars dim cold pale sky colour cold pale sea land white mist rose fell plainly dark bush shapes umbrellas ferns showed strange silvery withered trees skeletons landing stage houses pale clustered shells lid box passengers tramped slowly night looked gloomy landing stage meet slowly swam boat holding coil rope cart small drooping horse sitting step grandma sounded pleased white waxen cheeks blue cold chin trembled wiping eyes pink nose yes grandma showed rope flying air smack fell deck gangway lowered grandma wharf cart moment later bowling hooves horse drummed wooden piles sank softly sandy road soul seen feather smoke mist rose fell sea sounded asleep slowly turned beach
christening afternoon st peter neville square albert edward foreman wore verger gown folds full stiff alpaca perennial bronze funerals weddings st peter neville square church favored fashionable ceremonies wore wore complacence dignified symbol office took home disconcerting sensation insufficiently clad took pains pressed ironed sixteen verger church succession gowns able throw worn complete series neatly wrapped brown paper lay bottom drawer wardrobe bedroom verger busied quietly replacing painted wooden cover marble font taking chair brought infirm lady waited vicar finished vestry tidy home presently saw walk chancel front high altar aisle wore verger don want tea vicar recently appointed red faced energetic early forties albert edward regretted predecessor clergyman school preached leisurely sermons silvery voice dined deal aristocratic parishioners
summer morning hundred fifty ago young danish squire wife walk land married week easy married wife family higher rank wealthier husband young twenty nineteen set purpose ten end haughty parents give wonderfully happy stolen meeting secret tearful love letters things past god walk arm arm broad daylight drive carriage walk drive till end days distant paradise descended earth proved surprisingly filled things everyday jesting breakfasts suppers dogs haymaking sheep sigismund young husband promised stone bride path shadow fall lovisa wife felt young moved breathed perfect freedom secret husband lovisa husband called lise rustic atmosphere matter wonder delight husband fear existence offer filled heart laughter played dolls dressed hair looked linen press arranged flowers lived enchanting cherished experience gravely knew playing
help thinking looked works shakespeare shelf bishop impossible completely entirely woman written plays shakespeare age shakespeare let imagine facts hard happened shakespeare wonderfully gifted sister called judith let say shakespeare mother heiress grammar school learnt latin virgil horace elements grammar logic known wild boy poached rabbits shot deer sooner marry woman neighborhood bore child quicker escapade seek fortune london taste theater began holding horses stage door soon theater successful actor lived hub universe meeting knowing practicing art boards exercising wits streets getting access palace queen extraordinarily gifted sister let suppose remained home adventurous imaginative agog school chance learning grammar logic let reading horace virgil picked book brother read pages parents told mend stockings mind stew moon books papers
suggestions help write sentences effective important single characteristic sentence clarity rolling graceful impressive sentence sound defeats purpose meaning confused ambiguous obscure altogether requisite precipitate margins despite overblown language sentence means author trying say hurry important clarity variety don write simple sentences don start subject don invariably write generalizations avoid writing succeeding sentences approximately length consider variety doris builds paragraphs sunrise veld page beginning couldn sentences compound complex simple complex notice lengths sentence words twenty sixty words fourth sixth twenty kind interesting variety strive devise ways stress important emphatic mean screaming print means lot underlines capital letters exclamation points mean emphasizing important setting principal clause complex sentence letting point stand sentence repeating point words sentence emphasis mean subordinating important ideas putting subordinate clauses modifying phrases
pius spent enjoyable evening cooked supper glass cool beer sat listened local news radio pius relaxed tell modestly interviewed radio uganda morning radio newsreel announced waited breathlessly hear voice pius cousin sarah booming air moment completely forgotten incident tape recording fact forgotten cousin sarah shiver apprehension woman mean business chilling thought didn lose sleep slept didn care looked refreshed morning insisted keeping feel seeing yesterday think holiday home tomorrow excitement died bit advised soon lunch pius taking nap chair verandah drove landrover cousin sarah side greet barely disguising curiosity formidable woman heard women sized decided friends approached sit son pius waved chair side feeds awake glad rest sir fumbled pocket jacket
paragraphs need uniform length varying lengths effective paragraphs qualities common sentence paragraph relates central idea look story sunrise veld previous unit central idea paragraph page beginning mind shoot concerns observer reaction sight suffering dying buck raises gun lowers feeling rage misery expresses thought paragraph lets thought goes clear forms basis thinking powerless prevent suffering happened seen paragraph concludes explaining speaker decides result agonized thinking sentences paragraph throw light central idea result unity sentence paragraph develops logically meaning paragraph unfolds randomly coherently step step succession ideas reader follow told speaker behavior raises lowers gun reason behavior buck longer feel basis reasoning part powerless prevent realization notice sentences relate idea presented approximate order result paragraph unity lacked coherence
narrow creek ditch tortuous fabulously deep filled gloom thin strip pure shining blue heaven immense trees soared invisible festooned draperies creepers glistening blackness water twisted root tall tree showed tracery small ferns black dull writhing motionless arrested snake short words paddlers reverberated loudly thick somber walls vegetation darkness oozed trees tangled maze creepers fantastic unstirring leaves darkness mysterious invincible darkness scented poisonous impenetrable forests poled water creek broadened opening wide sweep stagnant lagoon forests receded marshy bank leaving level strip bright green reedy grass frame reflected blueness sky fleecy pink cloud drifted high trailing delicate coloring image floating leaves silvery blossoms lotus house perched high piles appeared black distance tall palms forests background leaned slightly ragged roof suggestion sad tenderness care droop leafy soaring heads steersman pointing paddle arsat canoe fast piles ran sides boat glancing shoulders end journey preferred spend night lagoon weird aspect ghostly reputation
gregor awoke morning troubled dream found changed bed monstrous kind vermin lay hard armor plate raising head arch brown belly divided bowed corrugations helplessly summit curve gregor legs pitiably thin compared size fluttered helpless eyes happened thought dream room real room small lay quiet familiar walls table collection cloth samples scattered commercial traveler hung picture recently cut illustrated paper put pretty gilded frame picture showed lady sitting upright wearing small fur hat fur boa offered gaze heavy muff arm thrust elbow gregor looked window rain heard falling panes foggy weather sad sleep forget stupidity thought absolutely impossible sleeping side present plight position hard tried throw violently side turned swinging movement tried hundred times closing eyes trembling legs give felt side slight deep pain experienced
soon clock struck ten mother low voice tried rouse husband encourage bed impossible proper sleep position sleep returning morning obstinacy characterized obtained position bank stay table regularly dropped sleep difficult induce change armchair bed mother sister insist warnings stayed slowly nodding head eyes shut tight mother shake wrist whisper endearments ear daughter abandon assist mother vain merely sink deeper chair women arms open eyes look turn say hard earned rest days leaning women rise painfully tremendous weight allow led door wife daughter wave continue mother sister quickly throwing pen needle run help overworked overtired family attend gregor pressing needs household budget reduced maid dismissed
beast sighing dolefully spoke replied refuse ask cost boxes find room fill wish remember promise months find faithful beast dead need chariot bring say bye brothers sisters night bed turn ring round finger say firmly wish palace beast night beauty fear sleep peacefully father soon beauty hastened fill boxes rare precious things saw tired heaping things full bed sleep joy began dream beloved prince grieved stretched grassy bank sad weary matter cried looked reproachfully ask cruel leaving death ah don sorrowful cried beauty going assure father safe happy promised beast faithfully die grief word
beginnings endings papers single formula writing conclusion instance end paper effectively important beginning order endings effective hints mind approached bottom page don lift pen end sentence chance ending effective important matter conclusion left chance dreary paper undertaken explain extremely complex matters announce means introduction development summarize conclusion cases numbing unnecessary echo idea phrase appeared early paper phrase thought understood differently end difference understanding measure distance paper brought reader starting point suggest means final question implication reader draw remarks single short simple sentence makes forceful effective ending quotation set end final thought memorable errors ambiguities mar final effect flaws leave readers impression writer revise parts paper revise opening ending rid misspellings faulty punctuation weak word choices vagueness short don stumble paper don trail feebly end
scientists study animals look strange unusual things scientists discovered apes learn talk humans sign language studies show animals dolphins whales communicate special ways writers invented unusual animals stories ancient myths legends tell horses fly dragons breathe fire want tell unusual creature story writers choose topics writing begin listing ideas mind think topic write wish sure write complete sentences pet owners feel communicate pets animal called let owner wants food walk outdoors pet ways understanding describe pet communicate think animal understands words tone voice actions write story unusual animal seen creature look live eat unusual things imagination animal strange interesting
rhea bided zeus grew told cronus swallowed brothers sisters saved zeus plot cronus cronus father managed give cronus strong dose medicine cronus sick children stone rhea swallow cronus surprised stone wish sacred place delphi museum order tell names story demeter hera hades poseidon strange say grown inside father big zeus ready join plot war cronus war ten party win cronus friends help wise prometheus war prometheus sir advise bring brothers tartarus cronus afraid brothers thank brothers prometheus found cronus stupid advice side zeus zeus gave advice zeus wise wise advice set free cyclopes named grateful gave zeus gift thunder lightning thunderbolt
earth mountains rivers seas sky sun moon stars beginning chaos shape dark swirling confusion round round countless ages universe unformed midst chaos ku slowly slowly grew feeding elements eyes closed sleeping sleep eighteen thousand moment woke sleeping opened eyes darkness confusion anger raised arm struck blindly face murk crashing blow scattered elements chaos swirling ceased place kind movement longer confined things light weight pure nature rose upward things heavy gross sank mighty blow ku freed sky earth ku stood feet earth sky rested head stood stood rising sinking passed earth grew thicker ten feet sky rose higher ten feet thrust farther earth ku body daily grew height ten feet eighteen thousand ku continued grow body gigantic earth formed massive thickness sky risen
storytellers fighting survive threatening imagination try sense cruel generous earth told stories give human meaning cycles subject sun summer winter summer sun summer reborn death meaning giving stories created called myths passed word mouth myths eventually stick form society storehouse stories mythology mythology tells society concerned laws destiny myths stories gods gods identified immense powers universe forms feelings human beings humans form families easier sense gods acted humans myths created human universe understand communicate things control myths imagined originated peace seasons change threaten cold hunger lonely loved gods advanced continued imagination try recover sense belonging earth possessed gods eventually disappeared stories literature continues search lost human identity quest rebuild rediscover lost perfect
night wore cold clear alarms moon rose slowly amid equatorial constellations human eye caves spells fitful dozing fearful waiting born nightmares generations passed slowly sky rising zenith descending east dazzling point light brilliant star late night moon watcher suddenly awoke tired exertions disasters sleeping soundly usual instantly alert faint valley sat darkness cave straining senses night fear crept slowly soul members species expect heard sound cats approached silence thing betrayed rare slide earth occasional cracking twig continuous crunching noise grew steadily louder enormous beast moving night making attempt concealment ignoring obstacles moon watcher heard unmistakable sound bush uprooted elephants moved silently cats sound moon watcher possibly identified heard history clank metal stone moon watcher face face rock led tribe river light morning
zeus prometheus punished father gods knew bore responsibility act defiance cloud gatherer hephaestus blacksmith olympus hephaestus thundered price fire received prometheus resolved give evil thing cherish delight bring unending grief workshop set earth plaster water infuse human voice breathe breath limbs move beautiful limbs supple young girl face immortal goddess let athene help tell want teach woman household arts especially intricate weaving put aphrodite filling heart desire longing words golden leave head empty ready gift lame smith hobbled workshop zeus set project found large jar lid imprisoned plague mankind age labor madness sickness hunger treachery troubles night set side waited hephaestus workshop lame smith took large tub clay began model likeness graceful young girl finished called athene dress graces array necklaces dazzling gold ornaments
let stole houses alley walked alley listening cinders cracking step sidewalk front home highland avenue coming side street home felt identify home send mouth alley familiar took steps brought sidewalk deliberation shyness told looked street corner knew met unhappily farther corner father disappeared appeared home felt luck meeting corner slowly uneasily turned head looked side street direction side street farther farther importance girls knew faces boys sure names moment saw sure saw sure knew stood waited looking eyes step step distances times looking eyes knowing silently nearer
thing goddess athene jealous skill household arts especially spinning weaving poor mortal realize extent athene jealousy brought goddess wrath head uncertain fashion girl named birth breeding father humble wool dyer mother common sort person daughter proved remarkable talent spinner weaver famous skill word traveled lydian towns nymphs gather watch wound yarn balls pressing skillful fingers pulled distaff soft cloudlike drawing threads twisted spindle deft thumb needle flashing firefly ready swear taught athene girl head turned giddy admiration boasted openly weaver goddess fact rashly challenged athene contest carry prize athene visit vain girl disguised woman gray hair half crippled hobbling steps assisted crooked cane dear quavered age advantages experience let give advice hear challenged athene weaving contest
held heart apple trees house white blossom deirdre wedding king weeks hold longer bird heart lands sea kings serve sake live disgraced die dishonored think price high pay love deirdre darkness night horses brothers carried deirdre woman grief ill sakes let leave king wrath fled coast took ship scotland brothers took service king king cast looks eagerly deirdre direction knew moving wandered glen built huddle turf loch shore hunted deirdre nurse cooked spun wove wool mountain sheep maybe mac nessa sign sat palace forget ragged herdsman wandering harper pass glen beg shelter night afterward return king tell tell deirdre sons thinking safe hidden
iron age zeus visited earth bad realm king arcadia laughed hearing zeus let god killed innocent hostage fact bound protect cooked flesh set zeus guest eat zeus struck king house thunderbolt fled terrified hills rough coat changed bristling hairs body tried shout snarl turned wolf destined delight blood rest days zeus called council gods told declared thought destroy mankind offer sacrifices gods mind zeus provide question launch thunderbolts set afire zeus afraid conflagration rise upper air set fire olympians burned water winds bidden gather clouds rains descended floods overwhelmed country greece dwelt drowned beasts wolves sheep lions tigers carried sea seals dolphins swam forests
set bench fire told stretch rest tired limbs woman threw soft covering told strangers husband called lived cottage married happy poor folk poverty bad re willing contented spirit help talking busy things coals ashes dark hearth fanned cheerful fire burning hung kettle full water began boil husband fine cabbage garden kettle piece pork hanging beams cooked set table trembling hands table leg short propped bit broken dish board olives radishes eggs roasted ashes cabbage bacon pushed rickety couches table bade guests recline eat presently brought cups beechwood earthenware mixing bowl held wine vinegar plentifully diluted water clearly proud happy able add cheer supper watch refill cup soon emptied
pygmalion saw women living wicked lives revolted faults nature implanted female sex lived bachelor existence wife share home marvelous artistry skillfully carved snowy ivory statue lovelier woman born fell love creation statue appearance real girl alive want move modesty forbid cleverly art conceal art pygmalion gazed wonder heart rose passionate love image human form ran hands feeling flesh ivory admit ivory kissed statue imagined kissed spoke embraced thought felt fingers sink limbs touched afraid bruise pressed flesh addressed flattering speeches brought kind presents girls enjoy shells polished pebbles birds flowers thousand hues lilies painted balls drops amber fall trees phaethon sisters dressed limbs statue woman robes put rings fingers necklaces round neck pearls hung ears chains looped breast finery image lovely unadorned pygmalion statue couch covered cloths tyrian purple laid head rest soft pillows appreciate called bedfellow
vacant eyes moved crowd amused onlookers slowly mirrored smiles finally broke uncertain grin joke obviously understand felt sick inside looked dull vacuous smile wide bright eyes child uncertain eager laughing mentally retarded laughing suddenly furious smirking jumped shouted shut leave fault understand help god sake human room grew silent cursed losing control creating scene tried look boy paid bill walked touching food felt ashamed strange honest feelings sensibility advantage born arms legs eyes think abusing born low intelligence infuriated think ago boy foolishly played clown forgotten hidden picture charlie gordon intelligent pushed mind today looking boy saw short ago learned laughed unknowingly joined laughing
minstrel took lyre hands played played silent watchers gathered leaving gate unguarded played rulers dead hades persephone listened words living coming dark fearful ways sang orpheus strive gain fairer fate bride rulers lasting brought desired strength endure loss endure hades persephone brought love orpheus love persephone queen dead bowed young head bearded hades king bowed head persephone remembered demeter mother sought remembered touch mother tears face hades remembered love persephone led carry valley gathering flowers persephone stood orpheus gate dead throng newly dead orpheus saw looked husband power slowly hades king called joy orpheus took hands granted mortal gained privilege leave dead abide space living condition orpheus look
proctor fumbling gruff overtures lawrence sensed disturbed dinner inn loathed course felt cheated defenses invulnerable calling assault inviting talk terms asking conference open cold wind tore angles house lawrence camped steamy room speaking politely door homework feeling confusedly vindicated proved strongest strength capacity denial divorced successfully didn care cared seeking friendship weak strength lawrence sure capacity denial conquered strong willed success demonstrated austerity bleak inherit earth yes allow change rules won decided continue triumphant game playing anger draw close dismal afternoon february billy baldwin boy hall refused room september door hi varsity nickname lawrence boys understood thought going bermuda spring vacation excluded gay round parties boys boston york typical holidays lawrence intimated going bermuda family
conference days later attended headmaster dean lawrence house bruce bead boys explained lark students swam river spring waited warmer decided butt room saturday night swim season rest school movie bruce bead planned lawrence enthusiastic movie heard going swimming thing wanted sir bruce explained earnestly dean swimmer wanted yeah bead confirmed eagerly didn ask bruce asked yes bead set face wasn friend wanted okay wasn planned didn bruce didn studied backs hands headmaster asked close friends don bead answered fellows house guess bruce looked thought perfunctory ways confirming knowing true unable say easy write lawrence stuart beginning find report dean stuart alive heard trudging stairs undoubtedly found
greek speaking warrior tribes marched central europe southwestern russia invaded macedonia northeast greece herders cattle excellent horsemen bronze copper tools weapons horses bronze tools brought male dominated religion religion modern associates ancient greeks myths dominated heroic male gods zeus poseidon hades lives dominated heroic weapon spear warriors began move southwest greece encountered natives asia minor aegean sea natives peaceful agrarian peoples lived scattered independent villages female dominated religion chief deity mother earth goddess called mother goddess goddess invading warriors conquered greece home land learning farming craft skills native population added horse style house rectangular supported front columns prototype greek temple religion ancient greeks called mycenaeans powerful community mycenae approximately approximately mycenaeans prospered greece developed thriving political economic centers peninsula nearby mainland tiryns mycenae athens thebes ancient sections cities excavated modern times sites mycenaean culture excavated due location modern cities presence later ruins mycenaeans aggressive
beginning emptiness emptiness called chaos chaos emerged immortal beings gaea earth mother tartarus deathless ruled darkest depths earth called underworld handsome god love desire presence enabled creation occur partner gaea gave birth starry sky called uranus gaea brought mountains sea gaea married son uranus parents monstrous children called hundred handed giants largest strongest frightening children gaea bear uranus giant fifty heads hundred incredibly strong arms moment birth uranus feared potential power confined underworld decreeing live forever darkness hundred handed giants hated father uranus passionate implacable hatred gaea bore uranus cyclopes appearance unique cyclops huge wheel shaped eye set middle forehead cyclopes skillful strong immortal craftsmen uranus jealous strength beauty afraid potential power bound strongest chains hurled deep mother gaea body fell days nights finally reaching tenth dismal underworld beneath surface earth sky remained imprisoned brothers hundred handed giants cyclopes detested uranus tyrannical father gaea bore uranus generation immortal gods
ten children cronus called gods fought cronus immortal titans control universe success side gods titans evenly matched gods feared war end fortunately children cronus gaea decided help concerned children gaea wanted hundred handed giants cyclopes enjoy freedom immortals cronus imprisoned asked zeus brothers set free motivate grandchildren obey request explained able win war titans immortals fought side zeus poseidon hades delighted help helping gods descended kingdom tartarus killed guard released uncles chains cyclopes grateful freedom rewarded liberators spectacular gifts zeus gave thunderbolt lightning created secretly gaea hidden immortals invincible weapons enable zeus rule immortals mortals absolute authority hades gave helmet invisibility invisible chose wear poseidon gave pronged fishing spear called trident poseidon able storms sea earthquakes land order renew strength zeus gave cyclopes hundred handed giants nectar drink ambrosia eat ready return sunlight zeus addressed seriousness children gaea uranus began
dawn making light apollo found grazing flock spoke searching curved horn cattle wandered meadow sunset evening seen pass replied hard remember happens sees things evil working vineyard think saw child actually infant holding staff drove curved horn cattle backwards heads faced apollo silver bow quickly continued saw huge bird wings widespread recognized omen zeus eagle culprit father sons soon discovered strange backward turning tracks cattle stranger tracks interpret wonders eyes behold exclaimed cattle tracks heading meadow tracks belong mortal wolves bears lions centaurs shooting apollo hurried soon arrived hidden cave mount cyllene angrily entered dark cavern cunning hermes saw apollo furious cattle rubbed eyes hands snuggled infant sheet newborn baby awake lord silver bow noticed lovely maia son inspected cave closely signs theft finally spoke clever infant child tell quickly cattle hurl dark tartarus remain imprisoned forever
thirsty exhausted journey demeter straw thatched cottage decided beg drink water whomever lived housewife responded knock door gave demeter sweet barley water drink goddess appeared common beggar tangled hair muddy torn clothing disheveled guest leaned doorway quenching thirst boy named abas approached examined closely belligerent eyes overheard humble request anxious learn accepting family hospitality investigated stranger definitely unimpressed scornful grin lighted face watched beggar woman drink cup thirsty filthy creature greedy announced demeter burned rage insolence lowered cup lips stared abas noticed eyes impressed brightness fact anger brought color haggard face handsome woman simply dirty beggar effort conceal sneer examination produced finding easy read thoughts fill arrogance demeter flung remainder drink abas face amazement liquid burned drops splashed stared surprise strange guest noticed taller appeared began feel strange thought hurt stand upright comfortable lying
zeus delights thunder fell love beautiful mortal maiden loved disguise silence hera found husband latest love jealous decided retaliate affront honor destroying disguising mortal woman hera handmaidens friendly hera learned zeus rashly promised asked immediately realized opportunity revenge cunningly persuaded ask lover magnificence grandeur appeared hera courting lord olympus sacred word refuse request presented chariot blazing lightning thunderbolts embraced screamed terror burned death flames seeing zeus knew months pregnant child dionysus quickly snatched infant mother womb dionysus birth sewed thigh order hide hera dionysus ready born zeus removed stitches thigh delivered infant son dionysus birth commanded hermes born infant mount olympus golden hera evil eye sister reared disguise girl hera discovered dionysus retaliated causing husband temporarily insane loud thundering zeus tried protect born son wife rage changing goat
child brought bound king slit throat cut pieces pieces flesh boiled pieces broiled blazing flames hearth cooked flesh mutilated fragments bone laid platter served rest meal shouldn forget sacrifice immortal gods exclaimed gave observant stranger humorous glance eat patient requested won educated religious customs called cow servant brought slit throat dismembered roasted meat whispered directions servants left room returned immediately bowl filled body organs took roasted flesh mixed heart liver pancreas organs meat set platter humble stranger knew strange guest god proclaimed touch sacrifice composed test guest true identity organs provided clue humble stranger truly olympian god recognize organs mortal case grandchildren able recognize source morsels chopped mixed chunks meat soon sacrifice front humble guest announced portion zeus lord olympus deathless gods
women thebes dedicate sacred rites power leto mighty twins artemis raining arrows apollo silver bow mix sweet smelling incense bind foreheads sacred wreaths laurel leto bids offer counsel woman thebes hastened obey urgent summons paying tribute leto deathless children wound sacred laurel leaves foreheads fed sacred fires incense prayed immortal gods prophetess commanded queen niobe appeared female worshippers royal guard attendance picture beauty wealth gold embroidered cape fair face clouded rage hair trembled anger observed religious ceremonies haughty eyes increasing fury women thebes exclaimed mad prefer deathless gods mortal leto earthly queen leto feeble creation mortal minds invisible impotent daughter king lydia mortal invited feast immortals mount olympus mother daughter titan atlas mightiest mountain high shoulders starry heavens rest zeus grandfather father law power commands phrygia aegean sea royal palace infinite riches sufficient reason worship divine look face beautiful deathless goddesses
drunk danced fields lost peasants found playfully bound greenery king midas wreath ivy covered head past king midas learned rites loud roaring dionysus minstrel orpheus observed wreath head midas recognized companion wine god entertained ten days nights eleventh king midas took lydian fields found ivy wreathed god dionysus overjoyed reunited dear friend gratefully told king midas wish swearing waters river styx god swore grant king asked wonderful opportunity wine god offered person choice showed poor judgment king midas responded let body touches change gold dionysus disappointed king think wish foolish sworn grant midas requested ivy wreathed god word king midas overjoyed dionysus gift left god smile lighting face desire experiment nearest object fact ivy wreathed god truly wish midas cautiously plucked green twig low hanging branch slender oak tree scarcely believing eyes touch revealed branch quickly glittered tinkling golden leaves king grabbed lump earth hand dirt transformed chunk gold ore
circumstances surrounding hero meleager birth strange determined father king ares god war meleager days fates immortal mortal destinies suddenly appeared bedroom spinning wheel shears flax substance mortal placing meager measure essential flax nearby goddesses set wheel motion spun flax thread predicted meleager future spinner chanted meleager famous young distributor fortunes chanted meleager known courage finally inflexible feared sisters walked hearth fire cheerfully blazed chose unlighted log lay hearth raised tossed flames log began burn chanted blazing log lately born babe confer identical destiny soon woven power meleager fate stopped spinning measured thread cut sisters vanished room terrified divine prophecy immediately leaped bed hastily snatched blazing log fire extinguished fatal flames preserved log putting chest hid closet deep palace careful preservation log comforted confident meleager future secure meleager raised king passed royal family prospered meleager noble brave fates foretold
mortals find easy hero achieve honor glory lifetime fame live death greek heroes human born mortal mothers received help gods responsible behavior committed errors judgment crimes showing perfect beings defenders earth protectors civilization champions weak helpless spite prodigious faults eternally remembered suffering accomplishments mortals sympathize human weaknesses need read hero stories realize heroes shared common experiences greek heroes meet part composite description interesting think factors apply hero unusual birth father immortal mother invariably mortal born royalty mother queen princess prophecy hero birth prophecy frightened family abandoned infant soon birth infant survived ordeal rescued family lower social estate animal reared secretly accomplishment childhood potential soon reached manhood chose dangerous adventure adventure took home forced perform heroic feat killing powerful king monster ferocious wild animal
infuriated brother accurate criticism attacked perseus threw spear perseus missed saw perseus aiming accurately hid sacred altar soldiers fought king guards finally perseus announced friends mine beware suddenly displayed medusa head enemies transforming hundred foes hundred statues altar pleaded help stone friends responded crept longer relying eyes touched medusa power brought knees enemy perseus pleaded won battle hide weapon mortals marble cowardly words perseus replied faint hearted death quick painless fear sword thrust medusa face cowardly suppliant forever immortalizing stone glistening tears dripped frozen marble cheeks outstretched arms poised avoid fatal blow perseus returned seriphus andromeda found mother danae sought refuge polydectes retreating sacred temple perseus entered king palace found entertaining friends polydectes delighted hear perseus relate adventures group tale king laughed mockingly requested children tale perseus infuriated king scornful attitude mother suffered arrogant king believe shut eyes friends announced turned face displayed medusa head
pelias pretended acknowledge jason claim told spirit phrixus summoned greeks rescue golden fleece barbarians swore olympian zeus relinquish kingdom jason retrieve fleece jason delighted knew perseus gained glory tasks performed lands eager earn fame golden fleece pelias wanted jason seek fascinating history jason born king queen named ruled northern children boy phrixus girl helle later married wife plotted phrixus children inherit throne order save children cruel stepmother mother procured aid hermes magic means god brought immense winged ram golden wool children ram instructing carry children colchis kingdom black sea ram crossing narrow water separated europe asia girl helle fell drowned strait called hellespont memory phrixus managed hang ram eventually reached colchis king aeetes gave royal welcome decided sacrifice golden ram gold helmeted ares honor successful flight course carefully preserved fleece nailed tree sacred grove placing charge enormous menacing dragon slept brave greeks longed restore golden fleece greece
lord olympus enraged medea battered argo furious storm driving ship course point prow argo announced argonauts hoped avoid punishment zeus purified murder medea brother argonauts agreed purification set sail travelled past islands purified sorcery orpheus minstrel sang song sailed past sirens birds women heads voices sang drown sound beguiling songs sirens lure kill encounter sirens ship reached channel separates sicily italy contend monster monstrous whirlpool headed monster snatched sailors ships ate female monster swallowed sea waters ships times timbers dead later problem argonauts avoid monster food golden throned hera summoned sea goddess thetis conducted safely monstrous gates medea countrymen find ship settled countries searches ended land phaeacians found argo demanded medea king alcinous told medea love jason force jason give lovers send father
today demons evil spirits active greek times located powerful drives myths represent drives love sex power ambition symbolic form beasts monsters myth lives monsters represent repressed areas feel ashamed feel socially acceptable motives deeds controlled consciousness words mythical demons feelings projections emotional impulses symbolized animal forms contemporary demons guises product modern live increasingly individual feels important society home unusual separate distance distanced unusual experience divided feelings experience loving stress tension anxiety fast changing felt demons moods boredom depression loneliness hostility aggression moods occur frequently result conflict crisis frustration bedevil goal find decision making difficult fail acknowledge feelings boredom failure stimulation bored uncomfortable recognizing feelings turn tell playing host needs important recognize moods feelings try understand
lily wore yellow wedding eighties put lot faith omens believed bride dress yellow married blessed bit sunshine bombs banned cloud lifted whitish gray darkening weeping slate color end evening turning smoky copper sky endlessly secretively brooded began stories classic fairy tale opening ago un days sky blue children listening chuckled absurd thought blue imagine sky blue say days grass pink stars rainbows heavenly permanently withdrawn radio announced blink sunshine place cloud belt thinned half hour cars buses pour direction days unavailing search warmth light wedding relations standing church porch lily shivering prettily buttercup nylon father prodded dour withered grass grave august leaves tom aiming eh going find bit sun honeymoon tom general laugh wedding party don sunburned shrilled aunt nancy start paper half hour sun wednesday week uncle arthur weighed heavily
knew beginning accept love put foolish female protestations distinction male aggressor cloak female lend grace pursuit aha wise wiles saw ariadne dance spartan brotherhood legion hall laramie street usual assemblage prune faced banana women smelling virtuous anemia outrage saw tall stately woman early thirties firm slender arms bare shoulders graceful neck hair black thick piled bun head grand abundance hair attracted modern aberration women chopping hair close scalp leaving fantastic disarray find revolting friend baker asked ariadne father grocer engaged married slyly say frightens young say spirited excellent marveled fortune finding introduce apprehension commit rash pushed forward worry friend suddenly possessed vision meet walked dance floor beloved stood closer impressive towered insignificant apple core women eyes dark thoughtful restlessly searching room
days leathery face asa putman document cipher read code saturday traveler passed solitary post speck adobe picket corrals lost vast sandy stretch santa ana plain eye doorway rutted el trail unfenced gutterless innocent grading gravel culverts telephone poles imprinted iron tires hoofs horses oxen sheep cattle paw loping lobo wolf lay dust unraised ordinarily freighters cracking whips trailers rumbling army trains forts set thier tents night springs private coaches santa fe colorado merchants cattle kings government officials stopped putman children admire ladies magnificent woodwork luxurious cushions inside trail herds gaunt red steers bawled water earthen tank pairs companies horsemen rode saturday solitary buckboard settlements cedar country called supplies letters girl blue mesa ridden neighbors mail eaten dinner putmans stay overnight started ride home stranger east spoken stillness deadly waiting asked uneasily uncle gideon promised putman household mentioned
pupils knight school gawaine le coeur hardy promising tall sturdy instructors soon discovered lacked spirit hide woods jousting class called companions members faculty sought appeal nature shouting break neck told lances padded horses ponies field unusually soft late autumn gawaine refused grow enthusiastic headmaster assistant professor pleasaunce discussing case spring afternoon assistant professor remedy expulsion headmaster looked purple hills ringed school think train slay dragons killed objected assistant professor replied headmaster brightly added soberly consider greater responsible formation lad character dragons bad interrupted assistant professor characteristic restive head school began talk ethics ideals institution known worse replied headmaster hills south week killed number peasants cows prize pig dry spell holds telling start forest fire simply breathing indiscriminately refund tuition fee case accident young coeur hardy principal answered judicially covered contract matter fact won killed
writer create story themes themes generally related developed ways writer bring theme direct statements narrator instance writer saying narrator comment painful sense missed lost felt cheated method writer develop theme create contrast characters writer saying marriage emphasis differences hester william writer title story give reader clue theme writer story title comment similar william ideas developed techniques related think idea terms entire story create statement accounts ideas serve statement theme entire story writers develop characters comments characters dialogue spoken characters actions characters writer story techniques developing character hester live historical period suppose live setting influence william treatment sons hester treatment boys context clues write definition italicized words impossible limited sphere human action
apprehension begins beginning darkness speech love lend security abeyance end urgent fear concern hours fear forgotten children remember begin clock winter afternoon light dying windows hour york apartment felicia lived filled shadows girl wait living room looking winter stripped trees stood black park isolated ovals unclean snow january cold water artificial lake frozen fast cold coming darkness skaters ceased move surface street lay park apartment house wide streams cars buses head lamps shining advanced halted halted poured swiftly tempo traffic signals altering lights apprehension set felicia stood window evening waited asked question signals changed red green double decker bus turned corner ask words tentative mouth answer end hall mother voice sound kitchen things telephoned school
afternoon watch bixby asked knew run miles inside snag point start lower end higgins wood yard square crossing close point wasn rounded entered piece river misgivings hiding chimney perform merrily getting prouder prouder left boat sole charge length setting letting wheel entirely turned inspected stern marks hummed tune sort easy indifference admired bixby pilots inspected faced front heart flew mouth suddenly clapped teeth lost frightful bluff reefs stretching deadly length bows head moment end stood gasped breath spun wheel rapidity wove spider web boat answered turned square reef reef fled bows looked going fled awful crash imminent
lenny loneliest dreamers knew wouldn known fact afternoons talk talked lenny worked shipping room bottling plant manufactured soda pop lenny thin slight middle forties stammer sad face worked tables lenny full timer table rest school afternoons spare picked pocket money weekends job dreary kill lenny sustenance full room liked kid lenny twenties passed talk women late night intrigue lenny wife family spoke woman full bored talk call table rag lenny ask romances embarrassed turn try answer let bored bothering didn mean awhile didn say classes nod hello start loading boxes lenny spent invisible sensed thinking happy didn rag afternoon started talk didn slow worked began ask classes took school courses studying
chief poetry wrote poet wallace stevens teach explain teach explain intensify ability intensify bring sharper focus reader poetry chief attractions writers poets attempt re create emotions experiences poet distills subject essentials quality compression sets poetry types writing poetry condensed form literature poet selects words carefully keeping mind suggestive power precise definitions wrought poem word significant poem tightly packed takes part reader unpack meaning arrangement poem page provide key meaning poems form mirrors expands content poems placement word isolation phrase directs attention important point patterns rhythm rhyme repetition emphasize ideas poem sound patterns simple complex obvious subtle based recurrence single letter syllable sounds words phrases recognizing poem fusion sound sense careful reader read poem aloud step understanding finally poems depend unique presentations words ideas poet create startling comparisons ironic contrasts vivid sensory images devices poet challenges reader view perspective uncommon connections
drama literature written specifically performance audience word drama sounds formal believe applies plays performed theaters television programs movies forms drama drama performed stage television film studio fundamentals remain constant actors actresses impersonate characters drama recite dialogue written playwright audience watches action listens dialogue drama written acted involved play process caught drama viewer forgets degree artificiality watching called suspension disbelief audience cheers hero boos villain cries death character audience suspended disbelief action real characters human play longer mere imitation elements drama literature plot character setting conflict theme important development play plays written poetry prose rhythm rhyme imagery figurative language unique quality drama reliance dialogue plays narrator fill background details exposition interpret events characters provide transitions scenes information learned characters say characters plays exhibit human strengths weaknesses forces motivate characters motivate human beings holds true play created thousand ago
boy commerce oklahoma place play ball ball field commerce merchants played alkali flat stretch plain lead mine shafts sunk abandoned chat piles heaps exhausted ore higher houses mile shadows early morning dry summer winds sift alkali dust tops chat piles sprinkle plains burning bare grass undergrowth area hard packed barren parade ground cave ins shafts closed beaten fences boy climb created constant hazard bore heavily bad feature place boy playing ball outfield ditch brook fence embankment flat plain stretched unbroken yards commerce ball hit outfielder head meant weary chase hard ground slow ball skip faster boy run bound yard think endless outfield chief reason infielder despite lack aptitude job big say played refused play outfield alkali real small able play ball betters supposed alkali mother caught haul home warm britches
don house girls mother don earn pocket money hustling george runs errands big boys sells christmas cards father mind brother raymond slip say brother raymond fool bigger older lot call brother needs looking lot smart mouths lots say especially george minding say raymond say big head don play dozens believe standing face lot talking knock chances girl skinny arms squeaky voice squeaky things rough run tell fastest thing feet track meet don win place medal win twenty yard dash kid kindergarten nowadays fifty yard dash tomorrow subject run quarter meter relay big kids call mercury swiftest thing neighborhood knows father
joe red crane talk going indian institute missoula big gathering university meetings days talk problems indians problems grandpa let professors talk problems soon big show university field house problems talked maybe learn grandma grandpa married thirty sixteen fashioned grandpa stubborn grandpa wanted wear grandfather feather war bonnet big show joe red crane talked shows difference grandpa grandma talked absolutely grandpa dance indian institute missoula maybe put maybe grandpa won wear tail feathers mail order war bonnet wear beaded vest wear pants grandma shoulder grandpa meant wear pants women stay conversations conversations missoula pants grandma answered red crane noticing homework bet hard memorize irregular french verbs listening conversation switches english salish nice display art exhibit
re going commander voice thin ice breaking wore full dress uniform heavily braided white cap pulled rakishly cold gray eye sir spoiling hurricane ask asking lieutenant berg commander throw power light rev re going pounding cylinders increased ta commander stared ice forming pilot window walked twisted row complicated dials switch auxiliary shouted switch auxiliary repeated lieutenant berg full strength turret shouted commander full strength turret crew bending tasks huge hurtling navy hydroplane looked grinned afraid nothin fast re driving fast mrs mitty driving fast walter mitty looked wife seat shocked astonishment grossly unfamiliar strange woman yelled crowd fifty don forty fifty walter mitty drove waterbury silence roaring worst storm twenty navy flying fading remote intimate airways mind re tensed mrs mitty days wish let dr renshaw look walter mitty stopped car front building wife hair
june twilight faded night dublin lay enveloped darkness dim light moon shone fleecy clouds casting pale light approaching dawn streets dark waters liffey beleaguered courts heavy guns roared city machine guns rifles broke silence night spasmodically dogs barking lone farms republicans free staters waging civil war roof top connell bridge republican sniper lay watching lay rifle shoulders slung pair field glasses face face student thin ascetic eyes cold gleam fanatic deep thoughtful eyes looking death eating sandwich hungrily eaten morning excited eat finished sandwich taking flask pocket took short draught returned flask pocket paused moment considering risk smoke dangerous flash seen darkness enemies watching decided risk placing cigarette lips struck match flash bullet whizzed head dropped immediately seen flash opposite side street rolled roof chimney stack rear slowly drew eyes level top parapet seen dim outline opposite housetop blue sky
imagine morning late november coming winter morning twenty ago consider kitchen spreading house country town black stove main feature big round table fireplace rocking chairs front today fireplace commenced seasonal roar woman shorn white hair standing kitchen window wearing tennis shoes shapeless gray sweater summery calico dress small sprightly bantam hen due youthful illness shoulders pitifully hunched face remarkable unlike lincoln craggy tinted sun wind delicate finely boned eyes sherry colored timid exclaims breath smoking windowpane fruitcake weather person speaking sixty cousins distant lived remember inhabit house relatives power frequently cry aware friend calls buddy memory boy friend buddy died child child knew bed says turning window purposeful excitement eyes courthouse bell sounded cold clear birds singing warmer country yes
young theseus secret lived mother hut wild sea battered part coast called poor house worn clothes proud secret knew son king mother told story night catch fish bad hungry king truly mother queen prince don live palace hovel politics son sadly politics re young understand father cousin powerful lord fifty sons waiting father die divide kingdom knew son inherit kill son immediately help father re grown fight enemies theseus secret needed secret warm cold hard worst troubles size small age bothered terribly fighter help father terrible enemies couldn hold village boys exercised constantly running cliffs swimming roughest seas lifting logs rocks bending young trees grew stronger dissatisfied
rhine lived king queen named born fair prince named siegfried siegfried grew older netherlands kingdom parents ruled threatened invaders young prince castle fear fall hands foe parents intrusted care blacksmith named lived secret thickets forest dwarf troll belonged strange race called nibelungs nibelungs dwelt part underground dark town built town named majority nibelungs skillful smiths hammer tiny anvils night nibelungs women merry dance music lived surface earth built forge trees forest siegfried delighted join apprentices learned swing heavy hammer strength soon resounding powerful blows struck anvil shattered pieces scold sarcastically siegfried angrily leaving smithy stride woods listen cheerful birds siegfried wandering forest whim blow mighty silver horn sound died saw suddenly huge shaggy bear frightened
lake town indoors breeze black east chill walking watching fond stars shine smooth patches lake opened sky town lonely mountain screened low hills end lake gap running river north high peak clear weather looked seldom ominous drear light morning lost blotted dark suddenly flickered view glow touched faded look lights night watchmen saw start fade midnight dawn happening king mountain forging gold north songs began prove king grim voice marauding fire dragon king mountain known foreboding gloomy things floods poisoned fish think cheerful suddenly light appeared low place hills northern end lake turned golden king beneath mountain shouted wealth sun silver fountain rivers golden run river running gold mountain cried windows opening feet hurrying
anglo saxon period spans centuries falls historians call dark ages period marked bloody conflicts ignorance violence barbarism creativity dynamic change arts crafts flourished communication trade took place local communities later britain continental europe pagan ideas practices gradually gave christian ideals concern christian ethical values period english emerged language writers began express ideas ways profound inspired expressed twentieth century julius caesar visit britain early nearly century later romans established military outpost remote island occupied celtic tribes early britons warlike begun invade island highly organized romans dominated britons driving groups remote regions west wales north scotland making slaves twenty britain subdued romans began integrate tribal leaders provincial system majority remaining britons settled ordinary daily lives romans skilled engineers built military fortifications wall north elaborate baths villas amphitheaters stone roads key military posts important romans brought system laws unity government britain planted seeds religion germinating spreading entire western sack rome german barbarians signaled end roman rule britain
english truly global language mother tongue hundred million native language countries cover globe mandarin main language china spoken english ways dominant medium communication twentieth century language international airline pilots frequently studied language leading language trade diplomacy vocabulary english truly international incorporated extensive borrowings languages thousand languages today spoken millions spoken thousand english traced european prevalent prehistoric language european suggests geographic range language family eventually spread east india europe scholars theorize europeans spoke single language stone age migrations broke unity bronze age distinct languages evolved gradually european included latin greek germanic languages northern europe original inhabitants britain spoke celtic language derivative european fourth centuries roman rule island common spoke celtic imperial ruling class spoke latin roman legions withdrew century germanic tribes continent invaded bringing language supplanted language celts domination germanic tribes complete celtic words absorbed language conquerors tribes called angles saxons jutes spoke germanic dialect derived european dialect basis english
geoffrey chaucer greatest poets english language born family prosperous wine leather merchants living london family connections page household king edward iii son education prepared service royal court bilingual english french chaucer learned latin italian read classic contemporary works languages young soldier chaucer france fight engagement hundred war prisoner later released ransom paid part king england chaucer royal courtier representing king important diplomatic missions flanders france italy spain reading travel chaucer experienced european literature culture french literature reached zenith romance rose poetic expression code courtly love chaucer translated romance english imitated form spirit book duchess noteworthy poem italy chaucer contact budding renaissance resurgence artistic literary creativity studied works dante petrarch boccaccio writers influenced subjects structure philosophy later writings period demands career limited writing polish skills poet found mingle common folks swapping tales drinking ale immersed vitality medieval chaucer died october buried westminster abbey remains father english literature lie called poet corner poet honored
francis bacon lawyer statesman scientist philosopher writer considered father english essay essays applied philosophical principles everyday provided readers practical guidelines personal social civic harmony bacon son lord keeper seal nephew queen elizabeth principal minister attended cambridge university lived paris household english ambassador france returning england embarked distinguished turbulent legal political career despite temporary setbacks disappointments rose steadily royal service appointed queen learned counsels served elizabeth successor equal diligence loyalty james spokesman parliament solicitor general attorney general lord chancellor highest judicial position england later bacon political career destroyed charged admitted accepting bribes denied bribes influenced decisions removed office banished court imprisoned briefly forced retire public bacon directed full attention literature philosophy science curious preservative effect refrigeration bacon killed hen painstakingly stuffed snow damp chilled experiment developed bronchitis died april bacon prolific writer public service producing letters scientific notebooks fiction drama speeches political legal papers essays philosophical texts works include advancement learning reviews classifies branches knowledge defends learning atlantis published posthumously fictional depiction utopian colony scholars implement bacon philosophy
hath wife children hath hostages fortune impediments enterprises virtue mischief certainly works greatest merit public proceeded unmarried childless affection means married endowed public reason children greatest care future times transmit dearest pledges lead single thoughts end account future times nay account wife children bills charges nay foolish rich pride children thought richer heard talk rich yea hath charge children abatement riches ordinary single liberty especially pleasing humorous minds restraint think girdles garters bonds shackles unmarried friends masters servants subjects light run fugitives condition single doth churchmen charity water ground fill pool indifferent judges magistrates facile corrupt servant times worse wife
anglo saxon early medieval periods sections bible translated english complete translation existed john wycliffe followers translated testaments middle english wycliffe bible appeared based vulgate official latin bible roman catholic church agreed access bible language officials church objected charging independent reading bible weaken authority clergy scarcity manuscripts limited literacy precluded widespread distribution wycliffe translation william tyndale leader english reformation recognized need translation read study bishop london refused support project tyndale germany start king henry viii pressured european friends withdraw support tyndale continued translate completing testament parts testament king henry lifted ban tyndale bible translation printed circulated england english translation bible roman catholics rheims version translated exiled priests living france published testament testament translation intended primarily clergy basic source latin vulgate original greek hebrew texts language rheims bible generally plain simple english translators words foreign english readers attempt insure accuracy remain close latin original
samuel johnson wrote dictionary english language stupendous feat won important place literary history essays remain classic examples formal eighteenth century prose acknowledged master poet wrote graceful biographies poets critiques poems literary works johnson accomplished writer literary dictator london undisputed taste born raised johnson father prominent nearly impoverished bookseller midland counties family afford send obviously brilliant boy famous public schools johnson father shop gained vast knowledge reading father books born johnson disfigured malady cheeks deeply scarred eyesight badly impaired large enormously strong awkward subject tics inexplicable gestures gregarious quick wit generous heart subject bouts deep depression outbursts violent temper johnson entered oxford university promise financial help wealthy neighbor promise proved largely worthless young destitute literally tatters ungainly figure eccentric ways impressive knowledge johnson amazed professors peers viewed ragged scholar mixture mirth pity wounded pride twenty johnson left college degree earn living barely survived teaching translating jobs occasional charity recognized extraordinary ability age twenty johnson walked london faint hope earning living pen
romantic movement swept western late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries general romanticism revolt science authority materialism discipline affirmation individuality imagination national heritage natural reaction strictures eighteenth century thought romanticism emerged forces gave rise american french revolutions agitation political social economic change countries impact romanticism profound affecting foundations society romanticism pervaded philosophy music art literature exerted dramatic influence facets national romantic period english literature covers liberal creative romantic spirit infused literature transform english political economic educational institutions remained conservative ways akin eighteenth century nineteenth intellectuals applauded american french experiments democratic government ruling classes alarmed specter political upheaval destruction social barriers dichotomy artistic ideals official practice existed romantic period change finally inevitable result historical cultural development england unusually stable eighteenth century stuart monarchs peaceful george hanoverian king country prosperous ordered standards grandson george iii king england stable hint revolution air george iii later called poet percy shelley mad blind despised dying king ruled england french indian war american french revolutions
english language past hundred subtle middle english vowel shift broad scope romantic period period freedom literature language reaction rationalism age reason period concept acceptable language broadened distance language scholars aristocrats common person narrowed beginning romantic period american french revolutions inspired widespread hopes societies close period passage reform bill england emergence jacksonian democracy united states showed hopes vain democracy education forces change societies important factors evolution language democracy education closely entwined democratic societies depend citizens read write education creates expectations educated democratic institutions fulfill nineteenth century previously segments society began receive formal education led powerful drive standardization english language century standardization ideal correct usage merely admired revered broadening democracy brought middle upper classes closer language inexpensive newspaper began widespread circulation newspapers effect bringing spoken standard closer written making colloquialisms accepted romanticism admiration common person interest regional dialects fresh wider slang
gerard manley hopkins lived nineteenth century poetry belongs twentieth highly original poems combining experimental form intellectual power deep religious feeling influenced later poets eliot dylan thomas hopkins born stratford essex today part london father published poetry british consul general hawaii hopkins studied prominent educators age including dixon school benjamin walter oxford university friends future poet laureate robert bridges studying classics college oxford hopkins swept enthusiasms oxford movement passionate attempt reassert traditional religious increasingly skeptical movement hopkins turned roman catholicism decision cost hopkins torment baptized joined society jesus jesuits ordained priest parishes working class slums appalled squalor appointed professor greek literature university college dublin mission health artistic temperament hopkins felt terrible tension religious vocation artistic impulse burned early poems entering jesuits feeling inappropriate clergyman apparently write poetry composed wreck poems characteristic style continued write poetry read friends including robert bridges despite urgings publish hopkins refused mature published lifetime
majority poetry written prewar exemplified older tradition tending lyrical sentimental pastoral poets rupert brooke carried romantic view early war poets war destroyed forever romantic illusions poets siegfried wilfred owen began express bitter ironies sense hopelessness alienation characterize entire age poets eliot william butler yeats experimented language rhythms influenced innovators late victorian age poetry french symbolists metaphysical poetry seventeenth century attempts moments pure compressed images eliot yeats wrote entirely kind poetry intellectually challenging suggestive ironic realistic disquieting poems gerard manley hopkins published posthumously inspired later poets auden stephen spender lewis dylan thomas create precise poetry rich idea major literary form short story developing parallel genre reflecting variety tastes writers produced adventures romances mysteries science fiction exotic familiar regional settings notable prewar period starkly naturalistic works characters subject forces control stories working class early works james joyce lawrence psychological novels short stories joseph conrad victorian tradition endured twentieth century novelists wells arnold bennett john galsworthy continued explore contemporary british society early decades
lower burma hated large numbers important happen police officer town aimless petty kind european feeling bitter guts raise riot european woman bazaars spit juice dress police officer obvious target baited safe nimble tripped football field referee looked crowd yelled hideous laughter happened end sneering yellow faces young met insults hooted safe distance badly nerves young buddhist priests worst thousands town stand street corners jeer europeans perplexing upsetting mind imperialism evil thing sooner chucked job theoretically secretly course burmese oppressors british job hated bitterly clear job dirty empire close quarters wretched prisoners huddling stinking cages lock ups grey cowed faces term convicts scarred buttocks flogged bamboos oppressed intolerable sense guilt
known african writers writes plays poems novels deal themes death sacrifice african politics society struggle human dignity seen attempt find meaning contradictory forces govern human actions born nigeria mother strictly religious christian father headmaster christian school children story eleven published united states tells clash felt child christian teachings traditional yoruba tribal customs attended university leeds yorkshire england earning bachelor degree english taking job play reader royal court theater london exposed latest european drama classics english stage able play inventor performed verse play swamp dwellers tragedy impoverished swamp farmers produced london returned africa research fellow drama university ibadan founded amateur theatrical company masks enormous influence theatre west africa early african countries gaining independence involved accompanying unrest arrested connection radio broadcast denounced disputed election bloody nigerian civil war imprisoned spending part solitary confinement
autobiography story person written person formal autobiography implies sustained lengthy narrative person history autobiographical narratives formal briefer general category autobiographical writings diaries journals memoirs letters diaries journals accounts events personal impressions diaries considered intimate diary diary samuel pepys excerpted unit journal excerpt journal mary shelley unit diaries journals letters written public reading autobiographies memoirs intended wide audience formal informal autobiographies provide revealing insights writer character attitudes motivations understanding society writer lived ballad narrative poem originally intended sung preserved oral transmission anonymous folk ballad earliest forms literature folk ballads depict tragic events befall common include supernatural elements treat themes related love adventure bravery ballad characterized simplicity action straightforward dialogue direct stanza form typical ballad lines rhyming lines slightly longer fourth lines repetition words phrases lines ideas common ballads ballads incremental repetition repetition line lines slight refrain repetition lines occurs ends stanzas sound devices early folk ballads musically appealing memorable
structure parts literature put paragraphs basic unit prose chapters novels scenes acts plays prose selection structured idea incident essays short stories act plays poetry structure refers arrangement words lines produce desired effect common structural unit poetry stanza samuel taylor coleridge kubla khan unit structured parts thesis stanza antithesis opposite stanza synthesis final stanza chaucer canterbury tales structured framing narrative story pilgrimage connects series tales told individual travelers structure poem short story play nonfiction selection emphasizes important aspects content structure jonathan swift modest proposal unit rational statement problem ironic solution ironic arguments brings full force satire crescendo end essay structure means writer adds layers psychological complexity characters secret sharer structured central action begins ends mysterious swimming sea intervening sea journey symbolic journey narrator subconscious identifies sea captain interpolation humans lawlessness irrationality proud swimmer striking destiny style piece literature written style refers
contrary believe colonization north america european nations mark beginning cultural development continent europeans began arrive late fifteenth early sixteenth centuries native american cultures flourishing product thousands evolution today term native american indian frequently images painted warrior horseback cluster tepees endless dusty plains stereotypes created part reinforced american reflect small segment native american population group specific period history broader truth native americans highly diverse language rituals religious customs history architecture government social organization daily tasks making clothes producing food building shelters fifteenth sixteenth centuries hundred indian tribes north america peaceful settling differences negotiation war group rich mythology folklore body oral literature served compatible functions providing entertainment teaching tribal mores reinforcing traditions common concept informs literatures tribes markedly cliff dwellers southwestern desert iroquois forest dwellers eastern coast totem carvers rainy northwest concept intimate relationship humans nature evidenced clearly mystical deeply religious reverence land native american tribes perceived elements nature ancestors relatives shown line indian poem opens unit mother earth father sky early english settlers forced cultivate similar closeness land
stephen vincent benet enduring poems short stories deal events themes american history putting past perspective twentieth century reader account salem witchcraft trials illuminates force trials superstition flares crowd madness kills kills run course benet family stephen explained family originally coming florida spanish possession father generation army officer loved poetry older brother william rose sister laura writers stephen born father stationed bethlehem pennsylvania grew attended schools army posts san francisco georgia entered yale university studied undergraduate graduate degrees graduated published book dramatic monologues stories young readers study keats poetry volume verse young adventures master thesis volume poetry heavens earth continued study paris wrote published novels paris met poet rosemary carr married setting write living benet soon found popular acceptance short stories poems story devil daniel webster poem ballad william sycamore benet mastered art retaining truth historical event turning american myth form ballad folk tale won guggenheim fellowship enabled write john brown body literary epic civil war awarded pulitzer prize
solitary hours spend ruminating past anticipating future whilst overwhelmed cares moments devote individual domestic pleasures absorbed important duty owe country country secondary god greatest parent preferred parents wives children friends things gods excepted country perishes impossible save individual preserve fingers mortified hand suppress wish silence murmur painful separation companion youth friend heart believe ten days wrote line felt humor entertain pen unbecoming invective fallen eyes rulers closed lethargy seized member fear fatal security possession whilst building flame tremble expense water quench short months elapsed evacuation boston secure harbor future invasion flame heard mentions expense think universally amazing neglect turned volunteers island set foot
william cullen bryant recognized early age published poet america produced bryant distinguished career journalism serving editor york evening post bryant grew massachusetts son country doctor father accomplished naturalist bryant learned deal observing nature adolescent bryant read english romantic poets william wordsworth samuel taylor coleridge feeling excitement attitude nature experience found writers precocious writer thinker young bryant began write produced draft famous poem thanatopsis seventeen title translates mean view death poem bryant draws conclusions meaning nature poem published north american review hailed truly skillful literary american poem establishing romanticism major force literature nineteenth century america bryant wrote poetry thirty verse linked eighteenth century melancholy resigned tone careful meter romantic emphasis finding moral meaning nature bryant saw nature answer human wants needs physical psychological bryant romantic devotion common person democratic ideals editor champion liberal humanitarian calling reforms abolition slavery debtors prisons freedom speech union organization
forces shaped economic social character america half nineteenth century industrialization expansion west mississippi river dream success achieved combination courage hard luck opportunity attracted tides immigrants country drew settlers plains lured miners prospectors west age crass materialistic ways exuberant idealistic age american dream tantalizing possibility improvements industrial technology transportation provided incentive capability large scale agriculture manufacturing mining eli whitney cotton gin separate cotton seeds large quantities cotton grown southern plantations supplying expanding textile mills england england invention bessemer process mass production steel stimulated iron mining industry provided raw material manufacture machinery tools railroad tracks weapons steamboats canals navigable rivers mississippi railroads country carried raw materials manufactured goods passengers thousands felt east crowded confining accepted challenge presented vast undeveloped frontier encouraged homestead act granted tract hundred sixty acres public land qualified farmer pioneers migrated regions west mississippi pioneers recent immigrants german bohemian scandinavian russian french english covered wagons horseback foot settlers poured territories intent transforming sea prairie grass farmland
stood railroad bridge northern alabama looking swift water twenty feet hands wrists bound cord rope closely encircled neck attached stout cross timber head slack fell level knees loose boards laid sleepers supporting metals railway supplied footing executioners private soldiers federal army directed sergeant civil deputy sheriff short remove temporary platform officer uniform rank armed captain sentinel end bridge stood rifle position known support say vertical front left shoulder hammer resting forearm thrown straight chest formal unnatural position enforcing erect carriage body duty occurring center bridge merely blockaded ends foot planking traversed sentinels sight railroad ran straight forest hundred yards curving lost view doubtless outpost farther bank stream open ground gentle acclivity topped stockade vertical tree trunks loopholed rifles single embrasure protruded muzzle brass cannon commanding bridge midway slope bridge fort spectators single company infantry line parade rest butts rifles ground barrels inclining slightly backward shoulder hands crossed stock
boy permanent ambition village hannibal missouri west bank mississippi river steamboatman transient ambitions sorts transient circus left burning clowns negro minstrel show section left suffering try kind hope lived god permit pirates ambitions faded turn ambition steamboatman remained father justice peace supposed possessed power death hang offended distinction general thing desire steamboatman wanted cabin boy white apron shake tablecloth side comrades later thought deck hand stood end stage plank coil rope hand conspicuous dreams heavenly contemplated real possibilities boys heard turned apprentice engineer striker steamboat thing shook bottom sunday school teachings boy notoriously worldly reverse exalted eminence left obscurity misery
short story literary form developed largely united states washington irving edgar allan poe nathaniel hawthorne bringing form maturation poe review hawthorne collection told tales gave clearest early definition short story prose tale author enable carry full design interruption hour soul reader writer control words short story intense designed read sitting poe say short story contributes single effect composition word written tendency direct indirect pre established design words short story generally central action event large number characters wealth detail typical longer works fiction irving poe hawthorne excellent short story writers united states countries civil war romanticism earlier writers gave postwar realism half nineteenth century regional realists mark twain ambrose psychological realists mary wilkins freeman henry james willa cather dominated short story genre twentieth century arrived artists america europe began feel exhausted possibilities nineteenth century forms visual arts music literature experimentation popular sherwood anderson american short story writer produced stories inconclusive open endings encouraging reader focus character plot
james thurber observations american doodles drawings left quickened nation laughter needed left permanent mark literature thurber grew columbus ohio close knit family endured kinds hilarious improbable happenings recorded hard times funniest remembrances book night bed fell dog bit attending public schools columbus thurber spent ohio university wrote plays campus productions barred military service war poor eyesight lost eye childhood accident france weeks war end code clerk department newspaper paris columbus york began contributing humorous sketches newspapers magazine yorker born thurber association white founders early flavor success influence reversing usual procedure thurber began managing editor demoted staff writer resigned staff contributed pieces magazine rest beginning late thurber wrote illustrated famous doodle drawings dozen books including material ha appeared yorker typical titles middle age flying trapeze beast animals collection pieces drawings human beings alarming creatures
writing kurt vonnegut jr defies simple classification stories examine moral implications technology called science fiction comedy horrors absurdities human condition called black humor deceptively simple style entertains readers considers machines cities big simple ideas son grandson architects vonnegut born indianapolis indiana youngest children owes scientific bent father true believer technology insisted sons study result high school edited daily paper vonnegut cornell university study biochemistry delighted catch pneumonia recovery forget knew chemistry war infantry combat scout war ii vonnegut captured germans assigned prisoner war group dresden germany happened profoundly affected dresden beautiful baroque city europe military significance reason annihilated allies massive largest single massacre european history victims hiroshima nagasaki combined fellow prisoners emerged detention underground meat locker cellars baked gingerbread put corpse miners breaking shelters bringing bodies vonnegut eventually terms experience sixth slaughter house seller movie added considerably reputation
history continent history imagination imagined land sea found force terror pressure population drove ancestors continent explorers crossed atlantic imagination minds imagined beautiful freer happier courage strength warm vivid desire desired power desire true continent true republic forefathers able conceive free government able create lived nation able imagine thing thing unheard thing skeptical tired trust dreams able imagine erected continent society mankind free mankind courage declaration independence greater courage bravery risked necks sign courage declaration independence courage act imagination jefferson document image plan dream dream live imagine live drawn dreaming abundant means bring dreams pass create courage desire metal country build build
modern american poetry origins nineteenth century especially walt whitman edgar allan poe emily dickinson whitman edition leaves grass revolutionized poetry form content willingness write censorship restraint candid earthy poet century poetic form whitman chose ingenious reflection startling content abandoning traditional forms whitman originated free verse poetry lacks set rhyme meter stanza shape lines honest vigorous free artificial constraints edwin arlington robinson poem walt whitman speaks awe later poets feel whitman piercing eternal cadence rings pure powerfully pure lovingly triumphant large pact ezra pound says whitman broke wood contemporary poet allen ginsberg supermarket california addresses whitman dear father asking direction line beard point tonight poe dickinson influenced course twentieth century poetry lesser degree whitman poe symbolism painstaking craftsmanship appreciated french poets late nineteenth century baudelaire valery influence american writers indirect channeled french symbolists named devotion symbols evoke atmosphere establish meaning generally avoiding direct statements meaning eliot wallace stevens major american poets twentieth century emily dickinson terse compact poems eccentric rhythms punctuation influenced modern poets concentrate economy expression
celebration uniqueness person experience timelessness human experience force thornton wilder pulitzer prize winning play town born wisconsin wilder spent considerable part boyhood hong kong father consul returned united states attend school oberlin college ohio yale university graduating yale wilder studied archaeology rome returned united states earned master degree princeton taught dramatic literature classics university chicago later taught harvard universities united states europe mid twenties wilder wrote bridge san luis rey collapse bridge peru killed travelers broader terms book explores role chance divine plan human lives earned public recognition won wilder pulitzer prize town won pulitzer wilder received pulitzer play skin teeth town celebrates bare stage props town stimulates imagination audience move confines play setting grover corners hampshire conventions sixteenth century shakespearean stage bush represent forest wilder intended characters story story stage manager serves narrator commentator makes intention apparent
glenda grew weaker longer afloat tears eyes glenda set free watch knew happening thinking glenda feel bad thinking robert worry problems grew storm started lightning hit black water thunder loud glenda cold sleepy glenda snorkel alive storm lower tube mouth upper tube rose head waves washed opening remained water glenda breathe fresh air storm rested face water snorkel remained water allowed breathing suddenly glenda heard sound airplane flare dropped sky plane looking thought glenda swam flare hundred yards waved wildly air glenda shouted help pilot looked saw flew passing hour glenda grew weaker feared found morning duncan macrae joined search spent gulf waters macrae knew waters knew currents ran knew winds blow water macrae knew water shallow sharks enter glenda stayed afloat alive macrae place boat let boat drift awhile tried think happened glenda macrae knew current miles hour
terrorists told fly beirut army beirut barriers airport runways plane tried land crash barriers plane fuel captain told control tower plane crash didn land landing crew passengers ready crash landing army decided clear runways ground talked control tower terrorists wanted muslim leaders beirut join plane leaders didn want part hijacking terrorists begin shooting passengers muslim leaders pushed american sailor open doorway killed soon muslim leaders entered plane took control hijackers killing ended passengers crew prisoners muslim leaders passengers plane passengers thought killed hidden small groups ten war raged heard shooting daily morning terrorists demanded return algeria freed passengers remaining hostages american morning airplane flew worried airplane couldn flying repair engine trouble soon decided fake engine trouble beirut crew turned engine turned engine finally landed hijackers thought plane couldn fly hijackers rest passengers beirut captain pilot left plane
hundred miles antarctica ice stopped shackleton boat crew waited winter pass months icy water wooden ship cracked took supplies wooden lifeboats ship days later ship sank shackleton hope crossing antarctica thought saving months pushed northwest april reached elephant island weak food running winter coming lived elephant island gales snowstorms living difficult shackleton knew whalers island whaling ships find winter couldn survive winter island supplies shackleton formed dangerous plan hope asked whaling station miles reach cross stormiest seas snowstorms gales common shackleton asked chose strongest set lifeboat left shore broke lifeboats build shelters stuck elephant island wait shackleton shackleton boat ocean days passed storms wind waves rose higher stronger faced ice formed deck mast shackleton knew ice boat top heavy soon capsize full fear
person wants detective hang sign begin detective needs license states requirements detective license states want person worked states test states ask fee oregon twelve boy detective license schools give detective lessons detectives learn job detectives insurance companies police departments fbi detectives lewis twenties worked insurance company looked car accidents learned ask questions listen answered learned tell lying tell scared hide liked soon lewis private detective lewis big case helped young police officer call officer john sullivan late night sullivan duty saw speeding car street sullivan took spent hour chasing high speeds finally car turned dead end street stopped sullivan jumped car yelled police officer pulled gun ran house house belonged mother sullivan ran tried tackle grabbed sullivan gun shot leg wounded mother ms burke told judge sullivan yelled son sullivan yelled speeding creep going kill
colonists landed roanoke island landed island sailed england group arrived shortly group left returned england disappeared trace july group women children landed island wanted settle wanted grow crops build houses start set government john white governor month group landed baby girl born john white granddaughter baby named virginia dare english child born america baby healthy colonists hoped luck island changed spite high hopes colonists soon trouble land rich hoped food ship winter sure tools colonists knew indians sure indians friendly turned governor john white help colonists asked white return england bring food supplies ships brought sitting shore white sailed supplies return roanoke winter colonists survive white refused felt place colonists colonists asking end white gave goodbye family returned england
strange case disease strange cases simple answers city symptoms hospital doctors look case discovered sick club nights doctors began asking questions met worked club soon found happened played piano sick night sat main air vents breathed fans disease spread club strange cases easy figure mysteries solved case legionnaires disease mysteries american legion club fought wars ii meeting convention july philadelphia pennsylvania legionnaires united states convention gave parties baseball games walked famous parts philadelphia wonderful legionnaires sick left convention returned home doctors put hospitals doctor lime ridge pennsylvania noticed hospital symptoms fevers stomach pains barely breathe american legion convention philadelphia
expedition mount everest small trained mountain climbers group soon reached base mount everest climbers died explored mountain learned things didn reach top climbers george mallory famous climber mallory tried reach summit everest times reporter asked trying climb mountain mallory answered mallory attempt reach summit everest returned john hunt everest expedition larger earlier led expedition general lead army battle studied planned attacked studied expeditions failed thing climbers trouble breathing thin air oxygen air heights breathe decided spend getting thin air hunt climbers carry tanks oxygen hunt set series camps close everest camps located map page large groups climbers climb thousand feet set camp finally hunt close top stopped study top mountain brought findings camp findings try climb top everest
jeff showed raft foot rubber boat body chambers filled air chamber hole wouldn sink inflated boat big equipment sleeping bags clothes wrapped plastic jeff cooking aid equipment oars ropes jackets wear began jeff told wear jacket told going expected ok folks helped raft helpers pushed river floated river view beautiful enjoying view didn notice river changing gently sloping bank gave steeper land river began narrow sides river started looking canyon wall distance mom asked pointing spot river water wasn peaceful blue green pond paddling black topped rolling white caps ma jeff white water rapids rapids develop river deep water shallow water water traveling space river runs faster rocks water level makes rapids dangerous re going love stretch river
movies heroes fought monsters bad guys survived burning buildings attacks space scratch movie hero image real exists screen hard separate movie actors actresses play article look movie heroes examine image real powerful bodies hollywood action films belongs arnold schwarzenegger films huge muscles shine sweat large square face shows sign feeling character moves forward thinking feeling pain arnold schwarzenegger unlike plays movies arnold plays movies ways strong feet tall weighs pounds began body building universe schwarzenegger determined movie image sets mind quit reached goal arnold born austria young decided learn english move america coming entered won body building contests university wisconsin studied business arnold wanted famous body building known sport america began writing books building worked hard television talk shows finally break called pumping iron sport body building noticed arnold body brains
think ideas information read predict growing plants changed early lived learned help prediction write prediction margin early farmers live place lived fields small wild animals drawn fields animals goats sheep tamed farmers animals chased hunters raised food farmers needed live caves moved farmers stayed place needed kind shelter farming gave ancient food supply gave reason build permanent homes prediction wrote correct wasn think title article began build title help predict read write answer margin read heading large type predict read write prediction margin early built shelters lived trees built homes tree trunk bark land full rocks offered stones building material homes drawing page built mesopotamia built homes clay reeds rivers learned shape bake red clay bricks shelters river reeds covered clay farming living permanent homes changed early women lived moved houses learned control water supply
mausoleum huge gold marble building king buried building beautiful word mausoleum today mean place buried ground imagine sailing large ship mediterranean sea statue boat sails statue legs statue called colossus rhodes built honor battle won rhodes metal enemy weapons ago babylon queen sad leaving home country happy king built beautiful gardens seen garden flowers fruit trees top building feet ground water plants took turns working pumped water river nearby famous statue ancient god zeus found olympia statue times larger wonder gold ivory met olympia honor zeus contests sport contests original olympic games built white marble temple honor goddess artemis large rose clouds beautiful statues columns part temple picture ship storm night traveling alexandria ago worry foot high lighthouse show fire burned top lighthouse guided ships safety thousand
countries wished canal central america link atlantic pacific oceans ships longer need hard trip south america united states signed treaty panama build canal nations treaty gave united states control canal zone ten miles wide maps give information text map page helps understand distances article find york city map circle number miles travel york city san francisco panama canal circle number miles travel going tip south america miles saved canal write information margin map begin canal engineers overcome big problems disease malaria yellow fever common diseases spread mosquitoes hot wet climate mosquitoes panama control workers drained swamps cut tall grasses built water systems canal workers pure water drink end yellow fever wiped fewer died malaria problem transportation workers remove rocks dirt excavated canal workers supplies carried sites engineers solved problem line railroad ran mile length canal
thousands women airplane pilots known friendly independent young woman kansas amelia earhart amelia woman transatlantic flight passenger woman fly solo atlantic later amelia flight male pilot achieved solo flight hawaii california amelia drew women flying successes charm public figure teaching advise young fliers wanted final distance flight fly equator miles needed fueling stops trip miles pilots shorter path north equator attempted trip earhart planned preparing flight took finally ready march amelia twin engine plane took heading west california hours later landed hawaii plane refueled tested amelia navigators headed runway knew wrong aircraft gain speed wing dropped landing gear failed plane spun runway landing gear wing smashed amelia knew delay repairs meant plane flying caribbean middle rainy season stormy weather dangerous fly amelia decided reverse direction head east equator
hang gliding closest humans flying birds gliding flying engine hang gliding pilots hang glider wings swing seat harness hang gliding ways works types aircraft air meeting glider wing breaks parts part goes wing curved upper surface travel faster wind goes air pressure wing air wing air pushes upward naturally pushes wing effect called lift faster wind moving wing lift wing glider plane lift fly launch hand glider pilots step cliffs leap mountains gliders pick speed fall gliders quickly level air flowing past wings lift pilots steer gliders strong air currents gliders stay air pilots maneuver hang gliders shifting weight shifting weight center gravity hang glider gravity pulls direction pilot position turn pilot moves body air perfectly lift glider wings weight glider pilot flight moments stay air pilots find air motion
flying reached final speed limit special plane called built find feet withstand tremendous amount force large rocket engines powered rockets takeoff larger plane carry feet drop save rocket fuel needed reach supersonic speeds speed sound called mach speeds lower mach decimal numbers mach delivered air force flown mach west virginian named chuck chosen try flying sound barrier air force officer plane shot france war ii avoided capture britain returning duty shot twelve enemy planes awarded medals war test pilot flying glider firing engine plane flew glided downward land dried lake bed desert took flights finally engines fired engine separately engines reached mach turned engines glided research team wanted explore speeds mach gradually powered flight mach mach flights found difficult control plane
computers smart re collections circuits mechanical devices computers things computers help build cars play chess players computers solve math problems smart computer depends teacher put information computer keeps information memory computer holds data forever tell computer delete difference memory computer memory forget told computers large memories small amount memory computer determines size write report microcomputer fits desk computers guide space shuttle area size story building computers tell computers told job correctly government computers check millions tax forms fill computers taught run machines paint weld cars tell computers solve hard problems computers taught teach computers school computers jobs require remember retrieve large amounts information hard disks microcomputers remember pages information large computers store information found entire library
brother jim champion video games village arcade expected takes things video game expert takes lot quarters takes lot practice learn pattern game means actions happen order video games follow patterns video game pocket game large noisy arcade game green monster moves monitor pattern course patterns video games easier figure reading instructions pocket video game learned computers chips hidden inside game video game chip chips brains video game video game brain goes action soon put money turn switch explain rules turns enemy tries beat brain controls pictures monitor sounds speakers brother especially game called warrior moves fast sound effects move fast reacts quickly warriors screens according brain brother scored points computer video game hard beat
look section beginning lesson called set purpose reading purposes set reading articles cluster purposes achieved tell find information help achieve purposes read paragraph underline sequence clue words phrases help understand sequence development computer adding machines invented charles babbage tried machine things today computers money parts finish american named bush built real computer future expect computers understand human voice learned computers faster accurately mean computers place pretend large company wants computer job write paragraph persuade boss job writing sheet paper read paragraph classmate think reasons job saved talk ways paragraph persuasive writing conduct survey find computers include family school class find
diaries record lives writing significant events diaries journal journals daily listings events selections memorable experiences writer thoughts feelings professional writers journals variety reasons record feelings generate ideas writing freewrite read journal entry florida scott maxwell writer psychologist born florida revelations anthropology journal excerpts women introduction scott maxwell journal reads eighty living private notebook recorded strong reactions feelings variance times notebook intended eyes finally decided wanted share insights entries published measure days notebook dated record events says external happenings age place justified thinking ways continues journey growth exploring nature love power born claiming process makes fierce reality read journal entry measure days try determine purpose written age desert hours days weeks
technique associates product places sounds activities symbols image advertising ad famous athlete shown wearing brand sneakers famous person authority subject doctor scientist says product ads known personalities tell believe merits product advertisement invented character identified product consumer mind ronald mcdonald character created sell hamburgers clean sell liquid cleaner ads average typical consumer supposed think product person looks neighbor friend technique show famous person ordinary presidential candidate photographed milking cow kissing baby wearing clothes technique encourages accept position ad prefer advertisement short drama presents problem product solution illustrates technique problem clothes clean solution try soap powder end result smiling happy family individual product accused denounced label widely disapproved miser reactionary punk radical messy sticky
ways football player address coach coach course sir stricter schools endearing terms formal places names bum dub lefty names hear player addressing coach carol instance ma hear names corner georgia tech plays carol white kicking coach woman country coaches varsity football collegiate level white working school ph management kicking knowledgeable comes theory kicking nonsense personality takes job seriously discussing hang impact points bringing physics logic bear kicking art teach learned kick says white put quarrel results oct georgia tech david bell leading atlantic coast conference field goals perfect extra points white watchful eye walk sean averaging respectable yards kick knows kicking carol says mike snow rambling wreck graduated daughter gas station owner white born jericho vt moved south divorced mother
pascal basic popular programming languages pascal advantages basic advantages stem original concept language pascal designed structured orderly language complex structure rules difficult learn contrast basic designed easy language taught computer users simplicity makes basic easy learn makes effective pascal programming language reasons pascal structured language top style words pascal program flows logically start top finish bottom procedures defined start program main pascal program proceeds straight continously step step basic program hand starts top jump program pascal program easier follow basic program pascal distinguish variable names letters numbers basic distinguish instance variables called moat moose read basic differentiated pascal pascal programmers greater flexibility choice variable names basic programmers final advantage pascal speed pascal language structured computer read execute pascal program quickly contrast basic program interpreted step computer executed slowly
class shook head mother continued glare demanding fuller response school school ha sardonic laugh twisted air yes call school kind thinking soul class set children picking grass cane field god sun rise heaven till set woman called driver wash yuh tail licks yuh dare look yes working harder age ten eyes narrowed traveled child feeling sun whip cutting legs collective voice women vehicle suffering found utterance hard times saying put basket mangoes pon head selling early early pon morning frighten bad thing child selina listened mother voice net flung wide reach swayed helpless hold loving rich color loving hating mother pain childhood image father swaggering town boy bounding waves rough game slanted small girl hurrying dawn ghosts basket head
country europe poor named valjean find sister brother money stole food medicine needed captured sentenced prison couple escaped prison live part country saved money slowly built big factory gave workers highest wages profits build hospital couldn afford medical care twenty passed tailor recognized factory owner valjean escaped convict police looking home town tailor report valjean police regular theft occurring jewelry section large department store store manager eliminated possibility shoplifting faced possibility house theft attempting security measures purse package checks extra security personnel results manager desperation forced bug employee lounge restrooms ten days thief caught hidden microphones microphones revealed employee selling drugs taking food stamps planning quit notice manager information unrelated theft jewelry department
opposed illinois court intervention say case political adjective imply legal standards control judgment constitution commits disposition matters branch government constitutional problem lurks complain walter case political mean mean walter resisting return say denmark closed totalitarian society court walter hearing answer course justice taking cognizance regimes walter live oppose granting asylum say walter mature choose freedom family stress american respect parental authority fundamental question pertains claims rights contingent maturity walter parents choose future possibility freedom foreclosed nation asserts fundamental rights inalienable spurn pleas boy parents asserting alienate fundamental rights permanently person believes parents exercise absolute sovereignty children american law impinges parental authority reluctantly wisely impinge middle century children simply property parents restrictions child labor resisted parental sovereignty
composing process reading thinking planning organizing cycle reading stimulates thinking ideas planning organizing sends reading clearer sense goals think debate problem persuasion step define position outcome want audience believe position issue enables structure presentation specific goals drift topic step gather support position step sense audience debate think audience topic basic background information need supply strong opinions topic interests appeal offend lose interest discuss questions debate partner sense audience ready shape presentation partner formulated thesis debate look thesis statement worksheet stated clear audience evidence convincing appeal interests concerns form ideas words develop organize want say techniques help discover verbalize ideas try debate partner
class small groups analyze kinds think paper ask questions thesis writer lead thesis kind background information provided writer try hold reader interest reasons support thesis kinds evidence examples illustrations citations statistics effective pattern logical development logical fallacies assumptions readers essay conclude writer convey voice check stilted language ready revise draft form small editing groups offer suggestions clarification revision rotate roles group student reads paper aloud student summarizes paper position main points asks questions clarification mean student comments positive features paper convincing part student evaluates structure essay worksheet sure notes comments paper helpful comments ideas improve draft draft identify piece information research credit quote paraphrase fact statistic citation footnote bibliography listing read library research crediting sources editing reference section sure understand citation process
poetry music rhythm sounds capture mood convey feelings communicate message think poems read feel poetry differ types writing freewrite minutes feelings poetry share freewriting classmates class list bad experiences students poetry section literature anthology read note author suggestions read respond poetry underline wavy line words phrases understand look pattern outlined worksheet emotion thought knew important put words poetry kind writing capture emotions thoughts giving shape poet purpose kinds writers imagine scientist writing ice cream scientist discuss percentage milk fat ice cream temperature historian write marco polo brought idea frozen dessert china businessperson write number gallons ice cream sold month poet hand try stimulate reader senses heighten awareness arouse emotion create ice cream experience poet capture sounds crunching crisp cone tickle cold tongue
look poems chapter including worksheets identify types figurative language want select poems sources record answers part worksheet part worksheet opportunity create figures speech read poem exposed tone mood reading poem aloud capture tone mood tone poet attitude poem subject audience noticed poem amusing sarcastic angry mocking poet creates tone poem devices learned chapter rhythm rhyme choice arrangement words imagery figurative language tone part poem mood atmosphere feeling evokes reader poem mood tone poem american gothic activity poet hyperbole phrases gonna reach grab stars hot strikes heavens look god reflects tone enthusiastic admiration contributes joyful mood poem trouble distinguishing remember mood effect poem tone attitude expressed poet identify tone mood poems listed sure explain answers
find material chief seattle interested studying writing plight indians consider researching general topic relations government native americans mid century find wealth material place chief seattle speech context indian chiefs joseph nez perce apache sitting bull sioux spoke eloquently circumstances similar chief seattle try determine research speeches including chief seattle impact indian white cultures indian white relations look books articles indian history find information need native american rights organization city valuable source information group consult teacher help research topics sources decide likely sources begin research compiling working bibliography review discussion evaluating sources compiling working bibliography library research resources editing reference section notes research making sure quote paraphrase accurately write correct citations source review library research note taking summarizing editing reference section look notes provide adequate support thesis form facts statistics observations examples change thesis slightly
types nouns confusion singular nouns end mumps mathematics plural nouns identify thing pants eyeglasses mathematics difficult subject measles common childhood disease slacks short scissors sharp pay special attention verb endings subject sentence separated verb intervening words decide verb form sentences sure chosen correct verb form find subject sentence remove words subject verb sentence shortened read determination need difficult auxiliary helping verbs verbs ways common ways telling future math test tommorrow expresses condition ask question request didn study form meant practice substitute writing writer conversations form questions mean let leave means agree let leave
write remember essentials effective paragraphing unity making details paragraph relate main point stated topic sentence unity implies data generalizations match look paragraphs discussion controlling idea paragraph unified paragraph author sticks point argument promoting advantages mass transit giving supporting reasons paragraph skips subject subject goes attractions mass transit confusion traffic congestion city highways carpooling commuting costs unified graphic organizer follows help visualize details support topic controlling idea effective paragraphs chart paragraphs form contribute unity paragraph ideas paragraph related main point especially important writing intended persuade argue point coherence means parts paragraph logically connected coherent paragraph motor properly assembled parts places motor run continuity means connection parts smooth continuity oil lubricates motor prevents burning coherent paragraph logical order sequence order sequence needed depends subject
quote complete sentences parts sentences notice authors passage wage partial sentence quotations noticed quotation treated continuing part sentence result comma needed set quotation sentence stated goal amendments cornell put reduce excessively high rate unemployment young comma called anyway sentence stated goal amendments cornell put reduce excessively high rate unemployment young quotation paper find need detail sentence passage omit extra parts passage replace ellipsis marks spaced periods sure remaining parts passage sense pledge allegiance flag republic liberty justice ellipsis marks omitted part beginning passage middle sentence ellipsis marks omitted part end sentence difficult part ellipses knowing omit passage guide point making passage want quote lengthy ask omit passage sense
cutter marty walking coach harding office heard call turned coach sitting desk pictures star swimmers teams coached past sit cutter lost butterfly swimmer marty surprised hear say swimmers left harding called news decided butterfly gomez move freestyle pick points events smith leave butterfly coach marty started tell felt butterfly stroke feel swimming forget cutter learn swim butterfly learned sounded expected happy corners mouth turned close smile cutter month meet marty feel fighting alright try half hour pool marty sure felt swimming butterfly hated swim competition felt worse pulled end pool waste put stroke hate wished nerve told coach won swim loud voice brought short coach harding end pool
marcella lay sofa watched rain beat window panes bored finished reading library books cassy sister taking care mother dentist napping wasn television marcella felt watching marcella stretched arms legs yawned wouldn boring talk phone limits answering taking messages kitchen fix snack opened refrigerator door phone rang marcella lifted receiver hello mama sick sobbed frightened child marcella frowned mama sick child repeated mama marcella heart began pound wildly mama floor marcella asked silence end line don hang marcella begged silently repeated question bobby child shouted bang marcella realized bobby dropped phone bobby marcella called knew late waited thinking idea running street mrs robbins couldn risk bobby coming phone hanging suddenly thunder cracked sky marcella saw lightning flash watched listened raging storm shook crackling static line mama sick child phone hi bobby marcella tried sound cheerful bobby asked marcella repeated clearly mar cell yes marcella bobby laughed interested bobby boy uh huh boy live
play baseball anthony says heard kids school talking getting team greta peter rosa larry answers maria let call play okay says anthony picking phone call information phone numbers waste anthony says maria telephone directory easy telephone directory lists peoples names alphabetical order addresses telephone numbers person listed initials person names listed alphabetically listings look smith alex smith francis smith paula anthony maria trouble finding classmates numbers names classmates parents numbers listed adult family let look examples part directory page greta anderson lives mother maria anthony don mother find greta number look anderson telephone directory andersons listed number dial frederick anthony maria greta mother dial maria anthony don names peter small parents number dial dial course small listed directory call rosa dial listed larry robinson father named george george robinsons listed maria anthony call let larry goes school
troubles paul grew strong childhood happy parents loved loved return bothered clear blue eyes grew misty thoughts traveled places task lay ahead couldn tell school children bright age troubles thing write letter page geography book large carried ox team careless moment sat lunch box opened later found inventions hamburger soon learned school teach loved read knew learn things find papa suggested try fishing young paul worked nets ships help father morning sunrise towed pair masted schooners fishing banks atlantic ocean breakfast waded docks schooner arm holds jammed cod haddock fishing easy easy surely tried hunting trapping canadian woods learn indian guides taught follow tracks moose bear clever teachers amazed found body dead moose antlers judged fifteen set follow big animal tracks fun
arnie looked empty spaceship felt week father died tried think couldn believe beginning father earth leading scientists strong ship hold blows meteorites small asteroids arnie allowed trip father wonderful thing heart highly dangerous asteroid belt jupiter ship struck times real damage ship wrecked landed largest asteroids found kind metal tested ship power plant metal proved highly heat resistant father looking metal thousand earth suddenly wrong ship hit meteorite father check damage gotten caught lifeline held ship trying free opened hole space suit died instantly arnie feel tears eyes father close success looked small bag samples rock forgotten father started return trip earth rocks handed company happen duty father warned greatest danger return trip ship passed moon
sure hard ecology favor wants going telling lot talk paper route parents decided started earning spending money trouble route homework anyway saturdays collect money put word ecology saturday morning turned warm lot williams house usual tries pretend home burning leaves backyard stuck pays tell shouldn burn leaves bad air compost pile put leaves garbage stuff garden agree hang head shame says compost pile job home jenny yes say proudly kind strange mean idea compost pile hate working stuff williams says don trouble try putting dirt top layer turning wouldn nose pollution mean noise pollution say mean nose says compost smells street quick exit narrow minded ecology collect ms greene call ms greene call mrs says change pay
wrapped patched quilt maggie mitchell sat bed arithmetic problems school maggie enjoyed working numbers mother finished laundry clothes line dry dark maggie maggie father died mother supported taking washing mrs mitchell turned leave sharp knock door put laundry basket crossed room opened door tall neatly dressed stood collector st luke bank independent order st luke ten cents week mrs mitchell managed save shelf took small bowl took nickels worn notebook handed put money pocket wrote amount book mrs mitchell handed book miss week glad need money special maggie mother looked book sighed mighty hard takes week turned maggie waved left maggie looked mother admiring eyes week matter took lots washing mrs mitchell ten cents collector money account st luke st luke bank started group black richmond virginia st luke bank insurance company social club
valley gathering dandelion shoots suddenly frightful falcon saw duck hawk flew shoulder bolt lightning pulled leash hand frightful called leave whistled holding piece meat hoping wouldn leash caught tree branch hung air head looked hawk hand finally folded wings dropped fist saw voice wheeled young age shivering cold edge woods re wild boy surprised human cold silence stood looked gathered wits answered ordinary citizen bad deep sigh gave cold shivered twigs rattled stepped forward anyway matt spell school yorker newspaper reading stories wild boy lives catskills thought found story reporter run boy nonsense gathering dry wood piling edge woods lit quickly hoping notice flint steel cold glad flames rolled log fire crouched flames burned soles shoes warming feet
sam tell hear paper rattle saw matt cold hands stiff write notebook walked road bit left home live wear sat rock edge road pine tree biting wind lives west cave wears bearskin coat dirty hair says fishes living talked asked brightly yes talked wrote furiously color eyes blue think brown hair dark couldn tell fur hat real fur suppose looked hats cereal box tops won say wears fur hat yeah fur hat agreed think shoes newspapers tied feet keeps cold yeah matt wrote asked say left home asked leave home matt put pencil thought left thought sorry cry wish nicer laughed left home wanted reason matt suppose asked truthfully suppose eats lives asked matt
team show floor game whistle blows forfeit game raiders granny ed pointed forfeit darby coach shouted remember treated coach stamped sat end darby bench granny ed smiling knew psyched member darby team played beautifully night granny ed directed solid victory darby bulldogs game ended score darby upset game talking raiders granny ed head coach won fourteen league games put tournament granny ed star phone ringing newspaper reporters wanted write story granny ed didn calling wish team luck king city shouted bus entered city limits turning worse team play tournament coliseum playing huge seated gym granny ed tell scared gentlemen addressed notice playing floor exactly size playing floor home basket height floor energy run floor put ball hoop gym loud answer
summer robert leslie camping backwoods british columbia canada late afternoon indian beached canoe leslie campsite indian gregory graduate student weeks friends canoed hiked gold night sat campfire talked greg told true story experiences wolf named nahani august greg months left look gold leave british columbia snow winter due late september early october morning shortly breakfast greg stretched log campfire sudden noise caused sit quickly surprised coming camp stranger appeared middle aged dressed trapper plainly worn journey morning sir stranger reached greg campfire eugene charley early july greg greg urged sit log remove heavy pack eugene gladly accepted cup coffee greg handed eugene asked nahani seen nahani greg asked silver wolf queen deadliest wolf pack canada pack den studying price put nahani head wolves hunting south leave tear afraid wolves eugene looked puzzled greg reaction armed asked
lived small mexican town rich poor rich counted cows adding machine poor needed finger hand track don pedro wealth high standing envious poor jose dias poor large fat cow ran milk jose don pedro give hundred pesos cow senor jose thing sold cow family surely starve give ten cows exchange don pedro pardon senor jose cow dry ten times milk ten cows give don pedro walked word saw anger face felt jose careful days later met center town jose don pedro show friendship poor thrown guard cheese selling yes poor luck sell cheese buy food clothing family rejoice don pedro shook head pity spend barely living jose don sandal leather selling ten pesos pair hide cow hundred pairs sandals ten times hundred bring thousand pesos inside days wealth easy days money money
raccoons started raiding garbage cans decided friends visitors evening mother twins arrived steps run saw began slowly edging kitchen returned handful grapes babies held named timid bravely forward mother named courageous meal grapes courageous visit evening eat hand soon eager enter kitchen crawled refrigerator let times evening missed visit gave idea hung brass bell porch tied bell cord clothespin lower end inside clothespin piece chicken meat meal courageous enjoyed waited inside house sure began dark heard bell looked saw brave young friend nibbling chicken course ringing bell quietly opened door invited house beaten egg ripe persimmon favorite fruit ten nights continued bait cord evening heard bell ring courageous reached food night decided clever ring bell bait began grow dark courageous friends guests evening dining room eating desert visitors kitchen door hear bell ringing
level kimberly dangerous kimberly ankle turned ugly purple badly swollen night nathaniel carefully putting elastic bandage found aid kit hope broken torn twisted break tell wasn talking kimberly talking trip rapids looked pretty rough don choice maybe walk kimberly half rose putting weight bad ankle pain sink maybe couldn couldn tried real damage ankle tried kid worry shook head going laugh clown laugh bit things dangerous tell re dangerous fastened metal clips bandage stood okay rough water narrow seth paddling paddling summer river wasn high won easy think thing kick forgot jackets things forget lot mind yes trip room mistakes anyway sleeping bags brought plate fried eggs thing capsize remember things hang sleeping bag try grab hold canoe don panic swallow water
flight left puerto rico ten clock passengers airplane trip didn bother look windows settled nap read paper paid attention short dark thirteen boy named cruz sitting cabin plane took boy stared window figured stared hard crying wasn going act baby moving couldn help thinking remembered parents told family moving united states father money america told willing job school extra money family wouldn leave puerto rico parents wouldn listen moving states virginia relatives settled school fall parents later rita younger sisters stay married aunt fine told wanted move strange country fine staying live friends sleep beach parents gotten angry family staying decided stop looking airplane window making stomach feel funny stared seat front
live grandparents small place miles town farm acres chickens plant garden lots room grow grandparents ago ten grandfather called asked wanted birthday sure gun answered looking grandmother hated guns hunting sort larry re young gun grandmother spoke shoot shoot anyway mouth pursed disapproval eyes shoot tin cans muttered target practice lots kids age guns jim johnson real deer rifle birthday skinny package sucked breath grandmother toy bow arrow set ripped open box inside beautiful rifle boxes bullets face smiles talked nodded head grandmother properly course gram gave bear hug responsible huh grunting hug afternoon brown fields pretty hunter bad leg imagined grandmother don saying point gun intend kill hunter lets wounded animal die lingering painful death
don think fixed larry gravely bones shattered fly beauty guess muttered felt bad janice hope fixing things hawk looked hawk tossed hamburger don think hamburger exactly janice try piece steak maybe cut strips won eat fresh food croaked say live mice frogs sounded offhand easiest thing turned want alive don named sure mumbled sure call joe louis showed hand real fighter certainly joey softly nice looked hawk sympathy maybe help anyway janice thanks home days later hawk refused eat lamb chop asked gram screeched striking fury cans paint tools strewn put large cage sake torn sides cage splintery shreds janice dug big purse carrying handing box
department likely give full hand babe didrikson karen fingers comb hair frames face brown shoes point direction pair crutches leaning sofa loosely arranged floor trophies medals ribbons newspaper reports pictures nineteen karen white bear lake minnesota athletic champion paraplegic crutches wheelchair things floor tributes young woman full hand karen months parents discovered cried tried stand foot legs couldn bear weight body hospital tests showed mrs rubbing karen body noticed lump baby took karen hospital tests mrs told karen cancer lymph glands months live refused accept death sentence began doctors special training study cancer doctors tried helped discovered study cancer doctors found cobalt treatments vitamin injections helpful karen treatments american live cancer lymph glands disease left mark karen live walk cells body destroyed lucky grins adjusting brace hidden jeans accept change high school friend mine cheerleader quadriplegic
deborah sampson dressed clothes standing army recruiting office trembling heart pounded blast body dressed discovered middleboro massachusetts lived singled talked matter happened sampson girl say deborah clenched unclenched fists stood line recruiting officer saw disguise discovered mean jail couldn stop thinking blockade boston battles lexington concord bunker hill deborah line patriots fact barely recognized middleboro wanted soldier longed help patriots driven recruiting office loneliness accepted soldier felt escape hard boring dogged short deborah heard talk town recruiting office asked strip physical examination office wondered true wondered simple enlist continental army talk heard table wore blue coat red vest white frilly stock covered chin signed papers ahead deborah shook hand deborah wondered officer recruit couldn hear officer looked deborah volunteer asked
moment eddie flying fast plane dangerous green jungles moment wide awake looking darkness room rags eddie scottie window room dog whimpering softly sniffing damp night air eddie tell rags excited tell ordinary bothering whimpering fear dog wasn coward eddie called softly rags dog put forefeet sill stared muttering pastures eddie slipped bed joined window rubbed fur scottie ears listened carefully night sounds heard ordinary country sounds roosters crowing farm cattle thumping barn birds chirping trees eddie took dog arms bed heard sound ordinary low humming sound organ played coming guessed hour dawn tractors farm machinery running sure radio wouldn playing hour plane leaning window looked upwards couldn believe eyes goose pimples excitement popped skin sky oak tree lot white lights looked strung bulbs hung beneath kite rags growling finally gave sharp bark eddie floor put arms rags whispered words comfort
simple thought leave noticed stack things corner bent look white material bundled bright colors bundle discovered white material separated turned alarm bell sounded helmet entered field deadly screen stunned quickly scout put bundles sack left tree house didn bother search alarm law scout run live creatures heavier rose waiting ship minutes later passed satellite huge ship called home commander act order scout punished watch show happen told scouts commander act council experts places table commander spoke law called officer looked sack asked yes sir replied officer findings brought commander harshly officer ran room returned moment scout sack gently table front council experts experts commander began meet talk planet creatures wiped father father father charge voice law words ritual
tuesday laurie remarked suddenly teacher friend school today charles mother husband asked naaah laurie scornfully exercises touch toes look climbed chair squatted touched toes solemnly chair picking fork charles didn exercises fine heartily didn charles want exercises naaah laurie charles fresh teacher friend teacher wouldn let charles exercises fresh kicked teacher friend laurie teacher friend told charles touch toes charles kicked going charles suppose laurie father asked laurie shrugged throw school guess wednesday thursday routine charles yelled story hour charles hit boy stomach cry friday charles stayed school children week kindergarten charles household word family baby charles cried afternoon laurie charles filled wagon full mud pulled kitchen husband caught elbow telephone cord pulled telephone ash tray bowl flowers table minute looks charles fourth weeks charles change thursday week laurie reported lunch charles today teacher gave apple husband added mean charles
received material outward bound today things booklet explained physically prepare course told sleeping bag jacket foul weather clothing special gear provided island liza college friend taking outward bound course moan pre course preparation running chin ups push ups able wobbly push ups talked toughening hands booklet says rowing chopping wood running rope helps told liza worried head start muscle building arriving middle course read booklet conclusions hope miss climbs eighty foot cliffs won terribly upset don chance swim forty feet underwater legs tied today spoke perry gates charge course talked things solo solo course member spends days nights island minimum equipment perry shortened solo days nights told worried wouldn properly prepared course need legs arms head teach thing learn tie knots told relax lost course member ready starting course tomorrow spent today minute shopping body stiff running nights ago mile downhill nightly push ups fifteen
miranda girl gave summer opened station corner avenue street known miranda going move street wonder learned mechanics miranda sitting steps summer guys working station strut chico manfred miser stands youth opportunities unlimited idea start projects neighborhood kids learn kind job paid don think miranda mind gave opportunity service station summer miranda biggest opportunity minds strut chico manfred miser knew hanging recreation center winter wasn till jobs service station calling guys miranda started uniforms printed big red letters miranda started coming station thinking guys kind club believe member club falling air pump miranda rode bicycle miranda summer pretty running station actually mechanics artie walker ran waiting needed gas oil artie walker show repairs artie walker pretty hard didn mind
sitting room savannah georgia april joe oliver age remembering smile formed mouth thought early orleans thought small slightly plump boy sat curb excited hoping brass band parading ago yesterday ten joe oliver skipped merrily curb middle street lots children began follow brass band ages strutted danced band forming known line orleans loved music brass bands late early parades black generation removed slavery expressing newly found freedom music brass bands played carnivals holidays big picnics funerals music funerals bands play slow sad songs cemetery home musicians strike happy tunes meant disrespectful dead honor paid dead cemetery music living music brass bands exciting musicians able read music played felt practically heard melodies music melodies europe especially france spain countries early louisiana settlers musicians brought music rhythm beat
boys joe oliver skinny lad neighborhood known town louis armstrong louis fourteen orphanage worshiped joe big returned boy feelings took joe young armstrong gave advice encouraged gave jobs gave cornet louis think joe papa joe joe think louis son lovingly joe felt louis armstrong seen story band orleans stand led joe oliver kid ory leading unbeatable team played blues advertising wagon parked street corner signs wagon advertising coming lodge celebration night club engagement group musicians happened street advertising oliver ory band blew terrible experience musicians oliver didn want louis suffer disgrace louis band told stand wagon won blow king oliver bye orleans chicago calling orleans musicians sad bye oliver friends gathered station felt sadder louis armstrong wondered papa joe oliver reached chicago jobs waiting newly opened royal gardens wanted dreamland cafe
left home paw paw mule daybreak snow road blue ash hollow pioneer gap deep expected thought heard coyote howling empty cornfields passing sure busy thinking job lay ahead mule traveled road pioneer gap clear lighted sun soon arrived town cars front courthouse tying mule post corners climbed courthouse steps doors locked wait arrival courthouse guard guard showed offices won open hour don cup coffee building warm wait mind building inside steps basement watched build fire big furnace red hair asked kin luckabills fork thought replied lees blue ash hollow guard looked rude bold thing secondhand coat suffered bit coming possession cut hair night thing hair illness looks stringy
beginning maggie higgins proved outstanding reporter asked paper send europe war correspondent refused reason looked sounded young finally agreed london england maggie cover war lines february talked boss letting cover battle front months war europe end soon proved fine front line correspondent remaining months war covered fall city augsburg taking prison camp capture adolf hitler vacation retreat war ii maggie covered europe couple chief york herald tribune berlin bureau brought home leave tokyo bureau chief pleased move tried job berlin divided rule united states russia britain france relationship powers uneasy maggie berlin city happen tokyo hand fairly peaceful going worth reporting soon maggie glad paper refused transfer berlin twenty days took duties korean war broke maggie correspondents fly korea woman reporter worked closely front line soldiers maggie korean war
wood exciting alive smell cutting pleasant wood tree woodcarving wood fruit trees apple pear cherry wood oak pine rosewood redwood trees woods treated differently wood hard special tools needed cut soft cut simple penknife country find logs lying home logs friends fireplaces carved animals birds live city buy wood woodcarving art dates thousand early times decorated houses carvings painted bright colors decorated feathers stones grass bones animal sculptures carve logs blocks wood cut dried logs picture covered beeswax protect checking cracking colors rainbow found wood cream white birch trees deep black ebony trees tones red yellow orange green blue wood polished color seen clearly designs found wood circular lines straight lines woods picture design repeated individual fingerprint design correctly called clear wood polished
ago beautiful sisters admirers wanted marry father wanting home give consent sisters happy didn want marry father consent marriage request sisters sad told father run marry father didn believe wouldn change mind morning father shocked find daughters called village search promising find marry whichever sister chose able follow girls tracks tracks lost buried snow search easy days weeks sign sisters sign began return father asking continue search tired looking started looking traveling months finding trace daughters give search believed daughters died sadly returned village later stranger village strange story tell hunting spotted distance surprised women asked unable tell noticed uncut dead whale lake stood wondered aloud big animal sea
hour start championship sled dog race anchorage alaska crowds jammed downtown fourth avenue watch street thick rope lay avenue half buried snow rope marked start finish twenty mile championship trail trail winds white wilderness surrounds city zigzagging streams frozen lakes windy flat land grooved moose tracks toughest sled dog trails contestant run times twenty entries race sixteen twenty entries competed championships won championship raced difficult contests wait officials line feel fine mumbled fine frightened begun month sports editor anchorage daily news asked sports illustrated cover championship sports illustrated assigned job wired editor asking enter felt cover sport inside answer arrived enthusiastic entering arranged team earl norris dogs norris top trainer sled dogs agreed train ten days race arrived anchorage met earl norris remarkable looking person straggly gray beard wearing baseball cap tattered coat patched adhesive tape looked didn believe
reading lot peaceful fly balloon accounts believing drift gently countryside count cows sip cooling soft drinks wasn going pass bright fall morning headed wallkill york lovely spot foot catskills learn fine art ballooning william hughes navy helicopter pilot fallen love ballooning teach weeks master ground school put hours flying hours minimum required solo taking crash course ballooning say liked sound kobelt airport small private field took look lighter air craft red white blue raven rolled gray bag balloon weighed hundred fifty pounds rolled nylon fabric seventy feet inflated balloon swell fifty feet thin cables connected balloon fiberglass aluminum gondola carried balloon passengers hughes handed materials need ground school protractor plotting courses aeronautical sectional map york hand computer thick paperback book called private pilot handbook book filled graphs weather maps sentences possibly understood interesting sentence ocnl mdt icgic frzg lwrg sfc bhnd lo cntr late afternoon wind hughes dragged gasoline run fan truck hooking balloon flicked switch cold air rushed raven balloon rose swayed side suddenly puffing
mountain climbing tough reach high places ts easier quicker ride straight balloon ballooning oldest kind air travel ride balloon hundred ago balloon filled hot air rose hundred feet stayed twenty minutes ride showed explore upper parts atmosphere englishmen decided balloon find expected air thousands feet sea level names james glaisher harry coxwell didn live tell happened afternoon september glaisher coxwell stepped open basket balloon spirits sky overcast air mild fifty degrees fahrenheit purpose trip scientific collect air samples rose measure temperature took pigeons pigeons fly altitudes glaisher coxwell trip answer question unasked high survive balloon contained gas lighter air sandbags balloon rising fast wanted balloon rise coxwell dump sand overboard glaisher read instruments determine speed broke clouds eleven thousand feet sky dark blue tops clouds field white cotton temperature dropping rose coxwell began feel lack oxygen getting harder harder dump sand overboard pay attention warning
priscilla ready unexpected success understanding forever things happened born died found strength dignity private sense help knowing wholly surprise fell pond able say poet safe going secretly armed death fell footbridge month june july occupied nearly empty pond covered ice boards bridge slipped perfectly ridiculous hip struck weak railing broke let fell feet met ice shoulder side head fortunately shoulder broke ice head struck bits ice water half stunned beginning struggle swimming motions plunged angle bottom coat confining helped float wits risen layer ice unfortunately hole wasn air panic control swimmer home cold water find hole ice coat bunched arms head ached dreadful roaring ears hitting ice plunging deep holding breath
james simpson born san francisco california july elder son jimmy eunice simpson sisters brother grew hill section san francisco baby doctors found didn calcium body weakened bones trouble learning walk wear braces legs later braces removed legs thin bowed children fun match winning streak called spent lot streets getting things shouldn mother worried tried interest things rest family didn help discovered athletics interest athletics began booker washington community center hill soon spending free playground home neighborhood kids vied chance team wanted teams talented athlete junior high school track star breaking school record sixty yard dash galileo high school training catcher school baseball team broken thumb catcher football coach persuaded play tackle football team speed coach soon switched position fullback chance run ball won city honors high school fullback spent high school involved athletics found friendships
thick tangle rain forests guyana surinam french guiana amazon basin brazil live number fast disappearing amerindian peoples tropical forest peoples follow patterns ancestors present members live small groups build houses thatched roofs sleep hammocks woven leaves palm trees bows arrows blowgun darts hunting fishing jungle rivers highways rivers fast moving dotted waterfalls dugout canoes rivers means transportation measure distance place place paddling farming remained centuries group finds area hundred acres flood level cut trees burn wood leaves plant crops cassava sugar cane tubers rich soil forced leave villages settle ground planted crops loses fertility period ideas believe andes mountains peru think lost continent atlantis twentieth century progress true progress measured ways cultures area fact progress helped twentieth century area medicine deal plants cure sicknesses passed knowledge scientists
sixteen summer katie wilkes class school invited home summer couple katie lived sister jill father mother dead jill fifteen athlete katie pretty athletics jill guess father play professional tennis favor jill shared strong love athletics hundred tradition katie town hour canoe race august young ages thirteen eighteen competed race katie grandfather started tradition hundred earlier raise money town library winner race won trip york city week prize katie told kids town jill chance school kids don woods river grew race set begin dawn morning katie awoke alarm clock rang floated consciousness sleep heard moving maine august cold wonderful tingly kind cold katie stood center room looking river clear glassy gray light quickly pulled jeans flannel shirt protection chilly air dark hair hung loosely shoulders going walk whispered grabbed jacket tiptoed lay bed thinking jill won race eligible compete
um looked jill corner eye sister pulled canoe sank rest excited asked katie yeah whispered raised voice wanted jill hear trying comfort body dead tired end luck whispered katie hour eyes sharp looked scared body moved mechanical strength hard stretches water rapids ahead danny jill water saw wilkes turn friend dan hunter danny peter father danny sure chance winning hunter looked river yes think katie hold lead shouts echoing water silent determination bank watch wish danny win wilkes suddenly looking feet hunter stared surprise danny jill katie look billy johnson shouted reached rapids grabbed hand ran bank danny hunter shot past katie lead lose shot rapids rapids tore riverbed katie waited edge rapids angling boat catch moment fiercely swung boat shot foam danny boat spun raging water lodged rock katie gripped paddle veins arms stuck muscles bulged
walked quietly ahead trees creek saw flickering flames campfire dark shadow matt bull tent summer grandpa comes visit stays stay house norman asked boy deep affection grandfather told stories taught songs days matt bull shown norman identify agate stones suggested boy trader norman father laughed softly grandpa says cooped house winter stays aunt martha walked small clearing creek saw sitting legs crossed fire matt bull lived daughter dakota agency town winter summer home reservation pitched ancient government tent stayed snow cold winter forced indoors turned past older let white hair grow wore braids wrapped velvet strips red shirt wore fringed leather vest deerskins daughter colorfully decorated black store bought trousers beaded moccasins rest outfit greeted norman father seated ground fire asked motioned coffeepot grate fire john poured coffee tin cups sat stump fire pit reached refilled father cup boy sipped hot coffee stared dancing flames
deep gloom house weekend scrap leave tuck side realizing saw dim blurs begged walking empty inside walked miles leash hear shrill whistling months friar tuck compeltely blind began understand depended smell sound moved greater care sniffing ahead nose low ground calling brain warn worked times shuddered head rammed tree wall happened embarrassed turn cloudy eyes thing struck content stay yard house tuck adjusted free spirit stronger fear blindness roamed early july thing dreaded finally happened scrap home swimming lesson looked tuck walk soon spotted opposite side street half block seeing car coming called started direction sickening thud soon scrap kay tuck dr steel table night bruised lucky dog sleeping feet sad daughter rope re die don kay added arm scrap shoulder rope lasted twenty hours
ruben waited saw parents approaching line beasts filled road ruben sister burst greetings hugging ruben stood looked critically father solid brown grooved ageless face mother looked tired look tired mama gently mother father quickly wanted tone disapproval trip city general ruben suggested room rest awhile shook heads agreement mother sleep tonight tomorrow ruben noticed slight emphasis word later discuss plans ruben promised market eat big outdoor sheltered market oaxaca covered city blocks today honor fiesta overrun boundaries spread direction unbroken curb market buy hearts desired pockets pay pigs platters turkeys toys tamales goats blankets furniture ruben father amazed knew things confessed simply family eaten fill hot stew giant tortillas ruben rest market choose present wish buy tomorrow thought mama ask money ruben father cut
walking plaza jose suddenly let sit bench moment tell ruben exactly kind thought going plants city hiring boys tree nurseries papa boy explained job taller pottery factory tonight soon dark want taller show fireworks jose decidedly mind fireworks re late papa maybe eleven clock taller father stubbornly night place tomorrow night decided anyway stay tomorrow start early monday mother tired begin hard journey morning ruben delighted thought parents morning money buy presents show city night pottery works persuade let stay going turn rested awhile plaza eaten tacos ruben recklessly spent money fireworks began skyrockets rose sharp hisses bursting high showers colored stars
cold silence england winter forest broken voices woman excited children pick wandering brook stop sweep branches look compass map nearby couple walks quickly jeep trail swinging arms breathing deeply suddenly sweat suit crashes brush clearing breathing fast hard run mud dripping shoes face scratched twigs stares wildly goes thick brush thing differently making forest area boston massachusetts orienteering orienteering began swedish army military skill sport shortly war swedish army officer set programs schoolchildren sweden loved children interested physical fitness pouring forests race place place studied maps learned compasses orienteering public schools sweden spread countries europe north america july twenty countries competed orienteering meet sweden contest courses range mile hike easy trails mile scrambles streams swamps hills checkpoints points reached marked map found compass hike purpose chance stroll picnic exciting race speed foot important reading map correctly
didn talk happened maybe afraid ending bug house don suppose hurt write danger forgetting wouldn want forget nearly sixteen fairly normal eat meals average school boyfriend wonder number person stayed hard say fifteen happened spring weekend father drove stanford university give lecture stanford sunday morning dad worked leaving free look university grounds rented bicycle school deserted stared quiet buildings imagined entering classroom armload books big place wondered students class class fine place bike riding woodsy paths running main road forget city sidewalks streets existed hidden path tiny stream crossing narrow bridges leads groves birch eucalyptus trees bumped bridge rode speedily slope rabbit fat ears jumped path headed woods turned path fell bicycle fell glanced making soft whining noise overhead saw ran headlong birch tree landed bicycle top
strange red glow night sky northeast deserted missouri highway woods fire likely family highway glow proved awful truth bulletin interrupting dance music car radio driver nervously turned station hoping find happening half continent town concrete washington blacked power failure concrete citizens sat shocked faces silent radios sure blackout linked frightening news flashes houston texas telephone mayor rang caller crying phone begged call police fire fighters army terrible happened country terrible happened halloween eve october chilling convincing halloween stories record presented american radio audience wells story war worlds adapted howard koch columbia broadcasting system mercury theater air carefully detailed story lifelike production thousands believing martians invaded earth enjoyed show scared silly depended largely chance listened beginning knew presented drama tuned late half listened caught web terror easy eastern standard mercury theater began hour standard introduction began play dance music kind music choose background talking reading
living apartment silver dollar check cashing service reason till days ago mom wash mat asked change pretty bad shape silver dollar place signs tacked goes cash check picture re kind criminal change stood digging action lady kind form fill mean counter pointed sign nodded started fill marie lawson spell hollered don exactly sir put marie age sixty birthday date birth march twenty think look marie mad hearing gray haired woman born seventy put put think sir timidly sighed rolled eyes ceiling banged fist form angrily filled rest dollar finished paid grateful taking trouble cane veteran tell government moved wanted silver didn want couldn eyes kind bad sir fill thing tell moved south street north decatur street
find things surprise sheet writing paper lines fountain pen ball point pen pencil copy sentences finished reading sign study handwriting called study handwriting feel reflects writer personality short sample handwriting tell interesting things fingerprints person handwriting look written easy read believe tells important found hard read handwriting sign person want communicate person hard getting handwriting hard read person writes fast means writer lot energy addition words crossed writer feeling pressure handwriting shows try slowing writing easier read look handwriting runs uphill feeling happy likely write course happiness passing thing look dot generally happy dots likely letter stems think sense humor show handwriting bars wavy dots curves dots thing look curves endings words things seen handwriting sense humor
dumb story reason telling mother think learn sunday getting ready beach dog asleep car cat snitch hates beach anyway chip brother getting cookies face millionth mother starting upset saying loud thirty thirty forty talking clock father car leaning horn yelling taking holding show thing holding show yellow bathing suit couldn find chip getting face sticky green lollipop mother father sounding upset tell friday morning mother lose thing lose thing says thing look told lost bathing suit looked ceiling quietly look room hollered father find bathing suit father took hand horn hollered teeth look carefully looks funny laugh someplace mother makes big deal simple didn bother pointing let look father stood middle living room thinking look
breton restaurant edge big woods winter north wind blew trees froze snowed breton didn breton cook town restaurant ate gallons special fish chowder ate plates special beef stew homemade bread town talked breton cooking fish chowder breton ask yup town say breton wished say delicious chowder breton yup morning breton house firewood wore sweaters scarf boots woolen hat heavy coat mittens felt cold raccoons rabbits woods watch breton cold didn bother bothered breton watched morning moose breton yard blue moose breton door moose looking breton pot coffee waited moose didn stood breton yard looking door breton drank cup coffee moose stood yard breton opened door shoo moose mind warm moose frozen brushed past breton walked kitchen antlers touched ceiling moose sat floor breton stove
sleepy wheel stop coffee driving western texas sleepy saw sign gas eat pulled road midnight expected place rest coffee tastes copper flies sleep found tables painted clean looked spilled ketchup counter span smell okay counter person diner judged forty hair starting gray ears sat counter ordered coffee apple pie feeling sad habit divide groups winners losers guy counter belonged group mean eyes gentle faraway look win clean shirts bow ties makes sad look advice don feel sad brought coffee steaming hot smelled real coffee care cream sugar asked coffee tasted months pie car pulled glanced wanted gas didn tall coffees road map look think counter coffee started looking pile papers telephone trying find map
afternoon coyote surprised roadrunner half asleep leaning wall ah ah coyote shouted escape don touch move wall fall cried bird tell hold wall awhile find food coyote agreed leaned snugly wall intended dinner sounding beep beep beeps ran weeks later bird taking siesta shady tree hung bag branch bag string ground suddenly coyote jumped ah remember told big lie met wait minute answered roadrunner sack full chickens feast fat chickens chickens want course roadrunner pulled string load rocks fell coyote months passed met middle night roadrunner drinking side lake moon bright coyote able spot bird top neighboring hill ran easily cornered bird open mouth tell lie coyote warned let tell won believe word say moon shining round yellow water lake roadrunner telling lie
salah walked lounge mess hall spread books table sat intending study knew heart wasn glanced window watched bees flying lazily star lilies afternoon heat heard boys yelling soccer field sighed shy playing father army officer moved capital city sierra leone salah mende country boy getting city impossible thing lighter skinned mende wore european clothes salah couldn help felt outsider classmates boy named luke tried times friends salah friendship ground fault salah thought sighed moment luke appeared door lounge looking cheerfully walked flopped chair salah wanted join soccer game heard re player don practices salah quickly things re luke bounced chair salah tried hard think excuse luke asked ah downtown luke stared moment okay took salah arm started pulling door salah hung trying think excuses
ann told planning sail atlantic ocean woman expected laugh tell crazy replied yes think felicity ann serve purpose began preparation needed voyage ann left boat business responsible huge number supplies board food water tools gear aid things fit inside twenty foot boat ask ann making journey thought bit reasons course decided main reason afraid journey lesson living prepared working boats studying navigation sailing put supreme test atlantic withstand worst offer felicity ann ready point wise thing ann practice run familiar boat afraid tried practice run mess try cross atlantic felt straight ahead look late sailed plymouth england sea peaceful ann frightening fact afraid afraid wind sea ship afraid things wrong
jackie couldn decide sport liked tried entered john muir technical high school jackie football basketball baseball track starred jackie graduated high school pasadena junior college outstanding job sport set record running broad jump scored twenty points basketball game played part game pasadena batting average highest junior college baseball league jackie older brother mack proving outstanding athlete olympics jesse owens meter jackie entered university california los athletic scholarship continued break sports records football averaged gain twelve yards carried ball injured leg playing football score points basketball season high conference row college baseball game stole bases track won national collegiate broad jump championship jackie ended college career junior playing star college football basketball teams jackie professional football player los bulldogs soon united states entered war ii jackie drafted army officers candidate school earned rank lieutenant lieutenant robinson riding army bus hospital checkup angry bus driver tried move bus called jim crow laws parts country discriminated black
night boy sit campfire listening listening waiting finally hills comes high windy cry coyote hear soon coyote voices join ay eee ay eee boy antonio stares darkness sound anyway coyote enemy antonio forgets end ready sleep coyote enemy says grandfather enemies makes excuses coyote says hard enjoy supper rocks sand coyote stay alive enemy grandfather boy sheep quiet night pen listen coyotes song tonight grandfather says tells rain tonight maybe tomorrow soon coyote feels change air antonio listens feels dry summer night knows grandfather hears things coyote voice learned hear grandfather tries teach boy play games coyotes says chase lie panting think nights coyotes dance antonio wish think things coyote enemy thinks watch coyote watch grandfather boy lie ground blanket wrapped listen coyotes hidden walk trails moonlight
powerful prince fighter dared refuse asked give houses lands freedom risk anger tremble shake sweeping past war horse frown storm cloud voice thunder goose girl fear say eats sleeps wounded bleed wouldn give bully added snapping fingers village say wait till meet thundering common fly quickly geese wouldn move tell stamped foot impress village foot bare noise soft dusty ground needs plenty noise noticed listen acts princess shook laughter princess goose fine princess bare feet crown tell run ugly prince kind brave mean wait bit princess goose wait bit forget fine tales tall oak tree strong sea cares death attacks care setting shoulders village gasped dare thing girl snapped blacksmith
jumped horse stomped room sat night sitting fire cottage spinning wool yarn sell market suddenly prince appeared door bend enter tall helmet head remain covered heads house goose girl morning prince took helmet ways pleased sick flattery marry forget pride kneel ask answered cry rage prince took yarn threw fire house thundering horse laughed yarn find living market sold geese put gold coins gotten pocket started home met prince pulled horse frowned love eyes starving asked richer shook pocket till gold danced feared moment prince whipped sword cut pocket clean skirt marry asked holding end sword greedy poorer singing softly prince ashamed twisted uncomfortably saddle
crowd surrounded tried shake hand coach judge side reached pinched cheek looked bar shook heads frank shay grabbed hand wrung gosh bottles kidding didn wonder say bottles re club dance tonight club don approve re undemocratic lot fun crowded acted friend anna louise crowded gang re marvelous smiled think walked tagged talked girls didn public address system track meets started ladies gentlemen announcer witnessed record breaking performance bottles barton telling astonishing thing didn mind called bottles fact kind liked mrs patch mrs patch tried kiss wouldn let patch shook hand drugstore famous re clerk bottle washing partner mrs patch won think pharmacy called pole vault waited wouldn jump entire team eliminated bar eleven feet turn coach told
high windy roof tall building woman fighting free trying kill taller stronger woman slowly forced closer closer edge roof stories busy street suddenly woman lost footing pitched side twisting falling clawing caught roof ledge hands moment police officer appeared saved frightened young woman safe living rooms millions watched place tv smiled happily twenty kitty neil stunt woman performed hair raising stunts movie fell hundred feet cliff river highest fall film woman kitty look idea stunt woman feet inches tall weighs hundred pounds speaking meet think speech problem voice pitch runs words actually kitty neil deaf kitty born corpus christi texas months caught measles mumps chicken pox kitty hearing destroyed kitty father died plane crash shortly birth mother full blooded cherokee indian left raise child decided daughter lead normal mrs neil university texas earn degree teaching learn teach child
deep valley stretched june sunshine hundred feet tops evergreens sloped sharply salmon river wound silver thread purple shadows looked reach pick thread distances tricky mountains tricky frank remembered johnson climbing instructor saying goes mountains johnson frank summers johnson knew lot mountains didn understand kid sixteen person needs morning training camp frank crept sleep filled cabin dawn stillness climbed baldy sat peak gazing tricky distances didn sick feeling stomach ladder helping dad mom paint garage felt tired silver thread river sparkled spreading shadowy blur rose grew grew suddenly found slipping steep slope sat bang scrape rock fingers clawed rounded stone arms legs fought balance felt body slam small pine tree arms quickly circling hugging tree swung wildly space dropped feet ledge shuddering clung naked rock wall huddled mind tried explain shaking body alive moaned going move
word shark quickly brings mind picture feared fish job marine biologist lots watch understand huge frightening animals true sharks dangerous treated care truly grand fish bad believe shark met gave scare watched skin diving clear ocean water bahama islands studying ways sharks catch food eat protected shark cage iron bars water shark large tiger shark fifteen feet appeared green gloom water slowly circled cage close huge tail struck iron bars finally disappeared climbed cage boat shaking think sharks ugly gray creatures mouthful sharp teeth watching catching think ugly sharks graceful swimmers sea move slip water ease shark swimming water reminded sea gulls floating air sharks able move quickly easily turn dime don let lazy appearance fool sharks swim rapidly true sharks gray color interesting pleasing color patterns leopard shark lives waters california brightly marked shark dark bars spots tan background
buzzer suddenly rang ending class rick walked hall stairway building woolen mill lot east park crazy smell leaves started running feet tall leaped street puppet invisible strings soon street faded story red brick apartment buildings stretched blocks remnants housing project thrown house factory workers war ii pulled open door apartment building cherry blossom lane laugh rick seen cherry tree kind tree matter hi rico father sat upright piano wore white corduroys white shirt hair white bushy wheeled stool smile son hands dangling knees looked rick polar bear cornell county zoo rick dropped books coffee table front couch call answered turning keyboard call rick pronounced kind rick american muttered boy hear hear american hot rick door heard father begin strike keys stepping big crack cement walk headed lean landlord called garage closed door leaned slowly smiled home place claimed family moved park ago chicago
tried tell father needed money allowance understanding gotten raise ages karen friend suggested baby sitting session gave hate sticky messy things kids things knew live small allowance dull glad school spring vacation heading home end school saw notice bulletin board read unable believe miss jensen promising social studies students bus trip st louis couldn believe miss jensen offering free favorite teacher school notice black white bulletin board decided treat joining gang sweet shop surprised find karen hey thought celebrating miss jensen bombshell karen looked shrugged cindy mind ordering chocolate sodas summer noticed nibbling small ice cream cone going money miss jensen trip fall asked stared notice bulletin board treating patiently read guess skipped fine print bottom karen father says read fine print father lawyer father doctor think advising aspirin sneezed
leola party making call miss hansen sobbing miss leola give address party re calling don east avenue mother moved apartment didn put address telephone number leola full gave york operator heard checking moment later york operator gave address rochester police department emergency number luck york operator called cut connection leola called police department number connection storm damage disconnect call identified told story gave address sick woman taking calls rochester line miss hansen sobbing trying talk mother leola told leola keeping disconnects board tickets write call going rochester line heard miss hansen hoping praying mother later sound doorbell ringing rochester line loud pounding loud noise door broken open sounds voices movement words understand saying operator operator rochester responded click connection broken miss hansen leola listen sounds mother place hung calling able talk
kid sister cheryl bragged sioux grandpa joe iron shell friends lived city knew indians movies tv interested stories maybe grandpa reservation sound exciting returned home iowa yearly summer visit grandpa exciting tale tell real sioux article show friends cheryl moccasins grandpa visit gave small round flat rawhide drum painting indian riding horse taught real sioux chant sing beat drum leather covered stick feather end showed friends grandpa picture wasn ashamed knew exciting tales told didn real thing friends laughed picture grandpa wasn tall stately tv indians hair wasn braids hung stringy gray strands neck grandfather didn live tepee part log part tarpaper shack rosebud reservation south dakota grandpa visit ashamed embarrassed died lot fancy dogs neighborhood barked safety yards sounded pack barking place walked sidewalk happening block saw crowd kids yelling dogs barking growling walking middle street
don blame keeping left mom visitors martin grandpa won say strength returned likes company tires evening grandpa called room sleep tomorrow home give medicine bag felt hard squeeze heart supposed scared answered okay grandpa night strange dreams thunder lightning high hill distance heard slow beat drum awoke morning felt slept school end finally ran home grandpa room sitting bed shades place dim cool sat floor front grandpa didn look spoke mother sister hear today ears receive hands fell silent felt shivers father young grandpa began search sacred dream spirit dream help guide understand teton sioux stay reservation strong need guidance spirit young filled despair hatred thought hopeless search dream thought pleasant hated space reservation lay ahead father held ways
checked hotel called olympia main street hotel town lunch hanging lobby started talking guy desk asked town kid named played ball guy pretty ballplayer read phil rizzuto reporters say guy matter pete mean ballplayer league don guy guess yankees re lives hotel guy older ballplayers stay rooming houses pete kids live guy leaning desk talking looking lobby nodded head comes kid door street showed yankees spring training think rizzuto bigger rizzuto looks hello nick guy desk hello pete guy desk goes today kid exaggerating sorry pete guy desk mail today nick kid excuse pete kid turning looking excuse guy desk introducing pete franklin harry franklin glad kid shaking hand recognized pictures
saw move wilma rudolph beautiful person ran woman earth catch wilma rudolph ran speed ran grace ran record books broke important records won hearts beauty woman ran easily caught fancy european sports writers named top athlete american woman honored united states voted woman athlete won gold medals track olympics rome meter meter dashes member winning meter relay team wilma high point finally won gold medal easy relay moment going smoothly girl united states team passed baton wilma hand smooth passing motion needed woman slowing speeding broken wilma stop grab baton germany runner star jutta heine strides lead wilma dig set catch jutta wilma easy strides began burn track wilma running speed believe german sprinter tried ahead stride wilma chance winning missed baton let hold act courage determination woman able walk
summer nellie bly york months worst hot hottest summer city known brought accounts sickness dying terrible heat dragged homes mornings hurried buildings worked sweated home crowded stoops fire escapes evenings hoped cool breeze let sleep night tiring york shock noise rushing movement pouring city europe strange languages strange clothes strange foods habits put stamp seaport heat noise strangeness bothered nellie young strong fact noise city excited city wanted hire seriously weeks walked sidewalks york trying attention newspaper publishers editor mind give woman job paper answer times tribune sun allowed speak office clerk places bad written john cockerill offering stunt balloon cockerill answered letter stating interest turning courage high hopes slowly getting desperate final blow fell robbed purse sat bench central park
president abraham lincoln tall wore shawl shoulders vinnie looked closely moved lines sadness imprinted face afterward vinnie looking sculptures paintings display rotunda capitol suddenly met missouri friend james rollins member congress rollins impressed vinnie knowledge appreciation sculpture spur moment asked meet friend clark mills mills top sculptor united states vinnie gasped rollins wouldn want bothered let studio rollins vinnie set studio found sculptor preparing clay told rollins vinnie longed sculptor mills tossed lump clay portrait asked jokingly taking word vinnie sat shortly formed rough unmistakable likeness surprised display natural talent mills invited vinnie return student helper liked improved steadily quick look president lincoln washington vinnie growing desire small statue longed capture expression face finally courage friend rollins suppose asked hesitantly president lincoln sit desk white house rollins surprised vinnie seemingly bold request thought fine sculptor
finished reading began talk turned walked village inn girls eighteen grandfather kill indians large reward asked cruel indians friends girl andrew sadness voice young don understand things cruel grandfather persisted girl trust friendship indians nonsense talk wisely english reason rid indians french settlers join hunt money gained obeying king order wedding sooner expect husband baptiste brave lad range musket country shots lips curled brave kill children agree marry baptiste earned shilling murders answer stooped kissed mounted horse soon sight road led port royal left friends walked rapidly home charge house father mother dead child sunset weather raw chilly built fire dry logs broad fireplace stood arms top kitchen chair stared fire thought proclamation indians
dave busy dusting poco flea powder saw mrs carson limping front walk carrying suitcase carried visit daughter chicago dave quickly handed powder ran lawn joined yards let help mrs carson dave looking guys sharp face sandy lashes match hair heart marshmallow count dog lost need bring homework flu poco moved snuggled baby big appealing eyes let jump sofa shouldn dave grinning broadly lady saw grandmothers books says dearie bless soul things bakes ginger cookies sighed happily mrs carson friends cookie jar full grandmothers mom dave continued busy sorts interesting things mine talked agreed wouldn want change grandmothers fun lot ways didn baking evening dinner started tell mom dad dave decided mrs carson grandmotherly lady knew dad started talking story knocked head
saturday connie landed newark airport jersey seeing eye tickets flight home clinton iowa car driver meet arrive seeing eye car stops front building spend weeks quiet place connie tell sounds smells country hello miss david says friendly voice door car welcome seeing eye doug roberts teacher re connie judges doug inches taller young likes handshake likes easy sure sound voice let settled room says doug re tired show feel fine roberts says doug follow connie follows sound doug footsteps aid white cane tapping ground front foot arc tell path things connie feels guide dog cane thing trained dog protect walking hangs overhead guide dog stop traffic crossing car suddenly swing path connie ready begin doug hands light leather covered harness leash fastened asks hold harness leash left hand playing part guide dog doug tells try relax let led pull end harness set
real sense blythe belongs connie connie paid money earned part summer jobs seeing eye pays travel costs room board students pay dogs takes pay full amount seeing eye want graduates feel indebted dogs morning doug teaches connie put harness dog connie lifts blythe face slips loop harness head careful bump nose eyes places harness position blythe shoulders fastens body straps hold place doug checks straps tight loose doug connie trace route today large wooden relief map morristown street marked braille connie blythe town doug tells worry sure goes smoothly blythe guide connie feels flying street enjoying feeling side crossing forgets suppose turn blythe command forward marches straight ahead dear connie says doug reminds turn guess carried harm doug says important thing re direct blythe want let try side street connie turn signal blythe leads clear street sign girl blythe connie cheers
june sure happy school hot afternoon weather dry dust racing home final report card folded pocket glad going pasture soft green meadowland kicking rocks dirt road home side wagon coming hill headed town didn team driver wagon moved dirt road clouds dust blew hang air looked wagon chased dusty gray snake driver coat riding shirt sleeves rolled looked isadore driver couldn tell sure watched wagon sight bend road soon snake wagon passed quarter mile corn crib closer pinky pet pig chasing chickens pinky yelled hear ran sure hot june nearer called pinky heard call meet boy growing ten weeks weighed lay grass face looked smiling
living nonliving things shown pictures living things tell living nonliving living things carry activities called processes processes distinguish living things nonliving things processes living things grow spring plants grow soil leaves grow trees trees grow size puppy kitten seen pet grow size grown nonliving things rocks stones grow living things grow living things respond plants respond sunlight turning flowers open morning close night frog jump try catch move bike coming nonliving things respond ways living things produce living things process called reproduction living things reproduce ways plants produce seeds grow plants bears cubs wolves pups deer fawns chickens lay eggs baby chicks hatch young lizards shown picture hatch eggs nonliving things produce finally living things energy living things need energy grow respond reproduce energy play energy comes food living things need food energy carry processes scientists special living things
organisms single cell single celled organism called protist microscope needed protists protists live water moist places protists separated groups animallike protists plantlike protists bacteria animallike protists called protozoans protozoans chloroplasts food protozoans classified move search food protozoans move cytoplasm push cell membrane place cytoplasm pushes cell membrane shown drawing protozoans flow direction push flowing syrup amoebas shown picture move amoeba eats protists flowing food cell protozoans tiny hairlike structures covering cell paramecium protist hairs hairs move help move protists water paramecium able move search food protozoans taillike structure end cell protozoans move water whipping taillike structure circular motion euglena protozoan moves euglenas unusual food chloroplasts food plantlike protists cell walls chloroplasts protists food plantlike protists diatoms float oceans protists food living things oceans
organisms live conditions allow survive conditions found organism lives part environment environment includes living nonliving things area plant environment conditions suitable growth conditions include sufficient light water proper temperature range plant grow environment die conditions perfect plants survive plants react environment ways help survive things plants react light gravity water trees cliff live rugged environment reacting light water growing reaction organism environment called response environment response called stimulus pulling hand hot stove response stimulus heat plant responses stimulus involve growth look picture plant leaning side caused plant grow plants grow light side plant light strongest light stimulus plant picture growth plant light response plant responses involve growth called tropisms response plant light called phototropism growing light help plant survive plants grow seeds scattered environment suppose seed lands bush light mean young plant die necessarily
tundra large biome north coldest biomes tundra ground frozen sudden seasons tundra summer lasts weeks hours daylight darkness short summer top layer earth thaws water melting ice seep frozen soil ponds puddles form plants tundra grow quickly summer small include grasses lichens mosses woody plants grow centimeters height trees tundra liquid water deep ground trees survive addition trees survive strong winds winter millions insects hatch ponds puddles form summer air filled swarms mosquitoes insects source food birds nest tundra summer eagles hawks falcons live tundra summer birds migrate areas winter kinds birds live tundra snowy owl ptarmigan musk oxen caribou graze large herds smaller mammals include arctic hares arctic foxes lemmings winter tundra harsh months cold darkness food scarce animals caribou gulls foxes migrate search food small animals lemmings burrow snow protection musk oxen face full tundra winter
look map page biome covers central united states grassland biome grassland biome called prairie climate grassland biome similar climate deciduous forest important difference amount moisture grasslands found inland parts continents rain snow grassland biome tells common plants biome native grasses grains grassland biome trees moisture support growth grasslands changed biomes grasslands supported large herds grazing animals bison grasslands major ways areas highest rainfall native grasses plowed grains wheat corn oats barley rye planted place cereal grains grown wetter grasslands drier grasslands growing grain grazing lands animals cattle sheep dry grasslands ruined grazing animals grazing area kills grasses land desert common animals grasslands jackrabbits prairie dogs squirrels coyotes badgers insects common birds live grasslands birds food supply prey insects birds grasses especially seeds food large birds hawks owls prey smaller birds small mammals
animals marine habitat feed producers feed animals eaten producers animals live producers live look drawing page shows food chain found ocean addition sunlight producers need nutrients order carry photosynthesis shallow water nutrients decaying organisms producers deep water nutrients bottom producers areas nutrients bottom brought surface areas water bottom rises surface process called upwelling regions upwelling large numbers living things areas marine habitat special features special living things features determined part temperature water shape coast coral reefs found tropical waters florida florida keys islands built coral beautiful tropical fish found coral reefs rocky coasts california england small pools form low tide starfish mussels snails barnacles found pools type aquatic habitat estuary estuary place freshwater river flows ocean sea estuary habitat forms estuaries important sources food pollute streams empty
making compound building model plastic blocks blocks atoms compound plastic blocks hook blocks held compared atoms bonded hooking blocks build objects want change object blocks combine blocks arranged differently similar atoms rearranged form compounds breaking bonds hold atoms involves energy making bonds involves energy bonds broken bonds energy released energy chemical bonds called chemical energy chemical energy stored chemical bonds understand chemical reactions release energy chemical reaction bonds broken bonds formed reaction releases energy energy heat light produced chemical reactions involve breaking forming bonds atoms bonds involve electrons nuclei atoms involved chemical reactions word nuclei plural nucleus nuclei atoms changed reaction involving nuclei atoms called nuclear reaction nuclear reaction elements changed elements energy stored nuclei atoms fact nucleus thought tiny package energy recently scientists found ways open packages release energy energy nucleus called nuclear energy
light energy light travels space form waves forms energy travel waves radio waves rays light rays forms energy travel waves examples radiant energy light member family radiant energy light radiant energy invisible sun kinds radiant energy objects give radiant energy light bulbs toasters give radiant energy cases energy invisible light forms radiant energy travel space speed speed called speed light kilometers km means light wave travels km wave light travel earth times light waves travel faster kinds waves sound waves scientists haven found travels faster speed light understand light travels understand waves move waves light compared waves water imagine boat ocean feel boat rise fall passing wave boat rises moment top crest wave wave passes boat drops bottom trough wave ocean water light travels waves look drawing representing light waves highest point wave crest lowest point trough
occurs natural light sun artificial light bulbs lamps activities continue sunset headlights taillights cars trucks night driving safer electric lights home read study night baseball games played night lights learned produce light sunlight today light purposes look beam colored light picture artificial light laser laser device strengthens light laser produce powerful thin beam light laser beam spreads moves light laser pure means light waves single color ordinary light color say blue colors present color laser light depends kind laser laser beam referred concentrated light laser beam powerful burn metal laser beams drill holes machine parts cut metal shapes laser beams weld metal parts laser beams medicine thin laser beams destroy diseased tissue laser beams treat eye disorder retina detached eye surgeon laser beam weld retina place laser light carry voice signals
nonliving things grow reproduce nonliving resources renewable nonliving resources renewable water air soil water needed living things found places earth water found lakes ponds streams rivers oceans found ground air supply water renewed natural cycle trace path water drawing water evaporates surfaces ponds lakes oceans water vapor rises air rises water vapor cools liquid water water falls earth form rain snow sleet hail water falls bodies water water soaks ground water plants animals air kinds gases oxygen carbon dioxide gases found air needed living things gases renewed drawing shows oxygen carbon dioxide air renewed living things living things oxygen obtain energy food process carbon dioxide waste product green plants carbon dioxide give oxygen food happen green plants carbon dioxide air build high level amount oxygen decrease greatly soil renewable resource soil minerals plants need grow soil rich minerals fertile plants remove minerals soil grow
important ores found ocean floor found round lumps called nodules nodules large amounts valuable minerals nodules black manganese ore manganese added steel easier form shape nodules found small amounts copper nickel cobalt copper electric wiring plumbing pipe nickel making stainless steel cobalt added materials give strength pictures show nodules ocean floor scientists trying find ways collect nodules upsetting balance oceans food resource obtained oceans oceans source food thousands fishing longer supply food needed growing numbers future fishing replaced farming oceans food today scientists testing ways farming oceans raise fish shellfish bays inlets areas fish protected strong waves natural enemies large amounts fish grown type farming means supply fish product farmed oceans algae countries china japan algae food animals addition algae dried powder powder added foods source protein studies growing algae large quantities
press palms hands tightly try rub palm palms suddenly slip past sections earth crust slip past happens earthquake occurs earthquake movement earth crust results blocks rock slipping past blocks rock move past look drawing showing earthquakes occur give hint notice earthquakes occur boundaries plates movements plates earthquakes cracks earth crust blocks rock moved called faults faults lie beneath surface crust visible part san andreas fault seen california point fault picture plates collide slip past blocks rock fault grind sides blocks rock locked plate movement continues strain builds fault eventually strain blocks rock slip past earthquake takes place earthquake relieves strain rocks strong earthquake smaller quakes faults crust plate place blocks rock slip called focus earthquake earthquake occurs vibrations waves move directions focus traveling rock vibrations shake cities destroy buildings topple bridges earthquake waves recorded instruments called seismographs scientist picture studying record earthquake waves
central nervous system receives messages parts body sends messages parts body brain spinal cord parts central nervous system brain important part nervous system delicate nerve tissue brain adult weighs kg brain enclosed skull protect damage brain main parts brain stem cerebellum cerebrum brain stem part brain connects spinal cord drawing controls involuntary actions breathing heartbeat control center actions protect body sneezing coughing blinking cerebellum found brain stem find cerebellum drawing main job cerebellum control body balance movements muscles helps muscles cerebellum sends messages muscles catch ball muscles eyes arms hands cerebellum coordinates movements muscles largest important part brain cerebrum fact makes percent brain divided half left half half controls left side body left half controls side find cerebrum drawing outer layer cerebrum deep folds ridges looks large walnut
hormones pituitary gland regulates growth bones growth hormone affect person body size hormone bones grow longer normal lengths condition grow large grow tall condition called giantism cases pituitary growth hormone bones grow normal lengths condition known thyroid gland neck feel adam apple voice box thyroid front voice box find thyroid gland drawing page makes important hormone called thyroxine hormone controls fast cells body obtain energy food thyroxine keeps body releasing energy food fast food stored fat case person overweight feel tired body getting energy food problem medicine thyroxine thyroxine body food quickly case person lose weight lot nervous energy thyroid gland chemical called iodine thyroxine iodine need food eat iodine added table salt label salt box tell glands thyroid glands
received chromosomes parents chromosomes parents information trait instance parents brown hair case strong likelihood offspring brown hair cases information coming parents trait parent black hair red hair happens case understand traits offspring determined let look closely chromosomes chromosomes special units called genes genes units chromosomes carry information organism traits sperm cell egg cell join genes parents brought genes hair color received parents genes carrying information trait join gene determine trait offspring gene dominant dominant gene present determines trait offspring gene determine trait paired dominant gene called recessive gene recessive gene determine trait paired kind recessive gene eye color trait dominant recessive genes gene brown eyes cover gene blue eyes say brown eye color dominant blue eye color recessive trace eye color inherited looking drawings
ago strange animals lived earth small large ate meat ate plants animals called dinosaurs dinosaurs dinosaurs lived ago found bones ground bones think found dinosaur teeth eggs bones teeth eggs help learn dinosaurs fit dinosaur parts dinosaurs sizes shapes dinosaurs print flatten ball clay press hands clay look handprint look friends handprints alike prints dinosaur footprint dinosaurs lived land sharp teeth eating meat strong hind legs running front legs pointed claws front legs dinosaur run fast size adult person think ate dinosaur large head ate animals catch eat dinosaurs times size dinosaurs ate plants flat teeth teeth grind food walked legs dinosaur school buses ate plants growing water dinosaur thick skin spiked tail think tail dinosaur horns head large flat bone covered neck think horns animals lived ago fly claws wings ate smaller animals
kinds animals live land live water animals move walk crawl fly swim move kinds animals today size age animals young animals produce kind happen chapter learn animals young find young grow change seen chicken eggs times seen turtle eggs eggs grasshopper turtles grasshoppers animals lay eggs animals lay eggs animals eggs eggs produced female animals number eggs produced kind animal birds lay egg birds lay animal toad lays eggs oyster lay million eggs egg needed form animal look closely frog eggs animal forming egg eggs shell covering covering keeps egg drying protects animal growing inside bird eggs hard shell turtle eggs softer shell leather frog snail eggs jellylike covering animal grown breaks egg called hatching chicken hatches animals lay eggs
young animals care need parents help fish soon hatch newly hatched turtles walk eat adults young animals live cared parents birds robins die fed cared mammals need care born special mammals cared newborn mammals helpless bear cubs born blind hair puppies kittens stand deer buffalo stand minutes born hour follow mother goes young mammals need food protected animals harm mammals need special skills live young learn skills watching parents skill bear cubs learning mammals need care grow older stronger lion cubs hunting food soon able live need cared parents animals eggs animals produce young eggs hatched inside female body mammals give birth living young insects stages growth egg larva pupa adult young animals live cared parents
things animals eat foods animals things wear animals animals things drink milk milk important food comes cows milk butter cheese cattle raised meat meat cattle called beef eat meat animals meat pig called pork ham bacon pig meat chickens turkeys ducks eaten birds food called poultry food comes poultry cattle pigs birds raised animals food raised animals live oceans rivers streams animals wild caught eaten tuna salmon tuna salmon fish tuna salmon live salt water oceans large nets catch fish fish caught kinds fish caught fresh water rivers lakes streams fish bass trout perch places fish important food things animals slept pillow stuffed feathers soft feathers found pillows ducks geese feathers called coats sleeping bags wool thing comes animals hair sheep called wool
think plants food clothing place live look picture plants look things picture plants parts plants find living things plants important chapter learn plants important find ways plants parts plants green plants food learned carbon dioxide water changed sugar leaves sugar plant extra sugar changed starch plant products starch stored food seeds stored roots stems leaves green plants food living things foods eat parts green plants cabbage lettuce spinach plant leaves potatoes rhubarb asparagus stems radishes beets carrots roots peaches tomatoes cucumbers fruits corn dry beans peanuts seeds foods eaten leaves stems roots fruits seeds foods recognize food part plant breakfast foods oatmeal cornflakes seeds flour seeds foods seeds called grains grains seeds grasses oats corn wheat rice examples grains kinds grains food animals
drink cocoa hot chocolate cocoa chocolate seeds cacao tree coffee seeds kind tree leaves kinds trees tea seeds fruits plants oil oils cooking corn oil oil cooking oils mustard mustard spice flavor foods cloves nutmeg pepper cinnamon spices spices plants single kind plant food ways look drawing corn plant ways food eat foods parts green plants eat meat eggs drink milk foods animals eat green plants green plants meat milk eggs plants food green plants look pictures eaten plants plants mushrooms mushrooms eat grown mushroom farms think plants important food important ways plants decoration grow house plants pretty smell nice flowers help room look bright cheerful plants decoration outdoors kinds plants decoration picture plants grown decoration ways shade places rows trees windbreaks
medicines plants penicillin penicillin medicine kind mold oil castor oil kinds plants medicines ease pain plants plants produce materials cloth clothing wearing clothing cotton cotton fibers woven cloth produced seeds cotton plant rope bags plant fibers plant materials things rayon cloth brooms wood comes trees kinds trees lumber paper charcoal wood rubber tires chewing gum cork trees trees produce oils waxes paints dyes color cloth ink products trees ways plants endless plants think plants plants harmful molds spoil food seen mold growing fruit foods harmful plant mildew mildew nongreen plant grows shady damp places found growing leather painted surfaces water pipes basement walls seen growing bathroom tub shower molds mildew ruins things grows green plants harmful plants found growing woods fields found home yard park plants illness death eaten
played push disk slides floor moves slows stops slowing stopping motion disk force change motion friction friction force slows stops motion produced thing rubbing friction disk moving happens rub hands hands feel warmer friction produces heat objects rub warmer happen hands slippery soap water friction hands feel warm reduces friction called lubricant oil kind lubricant grease kind lubricant lubricants look drawing force move push chair room suppose sat chair push harder move force move greater distance suppose move chair meters move meters meters greater distance meters move chair meters amount depends things depends force move object depends object moves look pictures person pushing wall
kinds machines machine helps machines machines cars moving parts machines moving parts called simple machines snow shovel simple machine snowplow lever simple machine levers lift move things children lever move heavy rock force push tree branch object moved rock called load force load move opposite directions lever moves rock moves turning point turning point log levers force load turning point ridden seesaw lever lift person lever lift look picture seesaw find force load turning point look picture force load change levers look shorter seesaw short lever open jar hard open jar lever hammer lever pull nail wood force coming load think easy pull nail lever
gear special kind wheel axle gear wheel teeth teeth allow gear turn picture large gear teeth smaller gear teeth large gear fit teeth smaller gear large gear turns smaller gears watches cars machines gears eggbeater beaters bottom turn faster handle gears eggbeater easier mix things raising flags pole job simple machine called pulley pulley wheel rope rope fits groove wheel pulls rope flags raised higher force load move opposite directions pulleys move objects sideways move objects flags places hard reach pulley flagpole called fixed pulley fixed pulley stays place fixed pulleys move kinds shades drapes find pulley move drapes pulleys lift heavy loads pulleys move load moved called movable pulleys movable pulley fixed pulley load attached movable pulley single rope passes pulleys rope pulled load raised easy move heavy load find fixed pulley movable pulley picture
earth crust changing fast minutes earthquakes fast earth crust earthquake movement rock crust happen forces inside earth push crust land rise fall layers crust crack move movement damages surface crust hot deep inside earth crust hot melt rock melted rock called magma magma move cracks earth crust magma pushed surface volcano formed volcano opening earth crust magma flows hot melted rock flows volcano melted rock flows volcano called lava lava cools hardens solid rock think rock forever rocks change rocks earth surface change worn slowly broken smaller pieces wearing breaking rock called weathering weathering moving water wind happens rocks broken smaller pieces pieces rock part soil water wind carry pieces places movement rock soil water wind called erosion pictures show erosion stream looks muddy soil carried place land changed erosion land look erosion
dust blown face happen windy wind carry pieces sand soil picture shows dust storm sand soil picked wind strong winds blow sand soil formed winds slow materials dropped sand dunes form strong winds weathering erosion sand carried strong winds wear rocks moving sand hits rock grinds bits rock shape rock rocks carved winds carry pieces sand land protected wind strong winds carry soil needed land covered plants slow kind erosion roots plants hold soil place plants animals live earth crust change parts crust changed crust need roads land changed roads built large rocks broken moved seen tree root lift crack sidewalk growing plants change rocks roots plants start grow cracks rocks roots bigger rocks crack happen rock tree grows animals move soil rocks look food live soil layers earth crust mantle core crust changing earthquakes volcanoes fast earth crust
watched house built materials needed picture workers materials materials earth things earth stones comes wood chapter learn things earth things need earth live soil air water materials earth called natural resources soil air water natural resources soil important natural resource plants need soil grow kinds plants food trees lumber paper things grown soil things today grown soil soil kinds matter soil pieces weathered rock rock pieces large fine powder soil matter living remains dead plants animals part soil happens materials returned soil plant animal matter found soil called humus humus found top layer soil layer soil called topsoil humus helps topsoil hold water plants grow topsoil lot humus worms live soil worms humus food worms tunnels soil tunnels allow air water move soil plants need air water grow
dentist helps teeth healthy checkup sure problems big problems dentist clean teeth repair cavities visit dentist ask care teeth regular exercise important health exercise makes body hard exercise keeps muscles body strong muscles exercised longer getting tired exercise makes heart stronger exercise ways walk ride bicycle jump rope swim play games softball exercise minutes exercise health habit begin exercising slowly hurt muscles exercise exercises walking running jumping rope exercise playing games friends play soccer volleyball run races friends body needs rest exercise rest sitting tired sleep nap tired body needs sleep sleep body hard breathing slows heart beats slowly sleep body chance repair mind rest sleep body tired worn sick need sleep small babies sleep hours sleep hours
hear say eat food eat part eating food important foods give body energy needs foods important keeping muscles bones strong foods help body grow repair foods eat foods healthful chapter learn food important body learn kinds food eat learn eating habits food eat important body ways food energy need energy reading book lot energy jump rope run energy sleep energy comes food energy foods foods energy pictures show foods lot energy foods lot energy potatoes bread raisins fruit cheese eat foods active active energy eat foods energy vegetables lettuce tomatoes energy foods pictures body kinds food food eat things parts food help body grow give energy nutrients main kinds nutrients sugar starch fat protein vitamins minerals water
diet food eat food nutrients getting nutrients body needs eating balanced diet balanced diet includes foods food groups food groups meats breads cereals fruits vegetables milk products meat group foods lot protein chicken fish meat eggs nuts dried beans group eat servings meat group bread cereal group foods lot starch rice noodles cereal bread group eat servings bread cereal group fruit vegetable group foods sugar starch minerals vitamins group includes fruits vegetables eat servings group milk group foods vitamins minerals protein fat foods group milk include cheese butter ice cream eat servings group eat foods group meal pictures show balanced breakfast lunch dinner tell group food comes eat food group balanced diet eat balanced meals hungry meals choose snack food groups snacks foods lot sugar fat
words groups animals think school fish pack wolves look closely picture groups animals front elephant flock white birds called secretary birds herd impalas troop baboons seen chapter learn groups animals groups animals kind groups kinds animals animals bears tigers spend part lives living animals live groups animals kind fish live schools deer live herds birds live flocks schools herds flocks kinds animal populations animal population group kind animal living area kind animal population prairie dog town thousands prairie dogs live single prairie dog town look picture prairie dog prairie dog dog closely related squirrel called dog barking sound prairie dogs live grasslands western part north america look prairie dog town holes look picture prairie dog town ground prairie dogs live small rooms connected tunnels mound soil hole top tunnel
fish animals live groups group kind fish called school school kind animal population look schools shown schools fish found ponds lakes oceans schools schools tuna fish schools herring millions fish kinds fish swims school fish swim schools young kinds fish live schools lives schools form schools break night fish feed fish salmon leave school mating season fish swim schools reason protection herring type fish protected swimming schools fish school herring swim dangerous signals rest school swim herring safer swimming school swimming swimming schools helps fish find food tuna type fish tuna swimming school chance finding food tuna swims school tuna find food large area easier single fish ways helpful fish swim schools think swimming school harmful ago cowboys common west cowboys spend rounding cattle gathered cattle large herds
kind living thing animal plant studied living thing closely find plant kind plant find look closely parts plant try notice makes plant plants picture plant colorful flower note size shape flower look book find plant find plant called orchid chapter learn tell plant plant help plants plants plants pages names maybe plant flowers seen maybe leaves plants kinds plants plant tell kind plant imagine library books books scattered library hard finding book library easier find book librarians classify group books books classified subject library librarians put history books books scientists classify living things look plants pages try classify classify plants classify size
tried hold live fish live fish flips slippery hard hold osprey easily catch hold live fish osprey toes sharp claws stick body fish osprey taking fish nest osprey build nests tall trees high rocky ledges large wings help carry food places sharp claws large wings help survive chapter learn body parts activities help living things survive stop think living things kind living thing body parts kinds living things eagle covered feathers fish covered scales pine trees cones apple trees flowers living things things robins build nests twigs honeybees build part hives beeswax living things pictures body parts activities living thing help survive stay alive body part activity helps living thing survive called adaptation feathers scales flowers adaptations activities building nest adaptations compare feathers bird scales fish feathers help bird survive scales help fish survive fish survive feathers bird survive scales noticed trees change
green plants need things survive things sunlight green plants grow light times tall plants trees sunlight reaching smaller plants smaller plants adaptations help sunlight need small plants able climb sunlight plants climb ways bean plants climb twisting stems larger plants rose plants climb hooking thorns larger plants cucumbers peas structures called tendrils climb larger plants tendrils thick coiled structures help plants climb ivy tendrils climb buildings climbing adaptations think small plants sunlight need growing plants plants grow plants common jungles orchids spanish moss plants adaptation spanish moss grows places southern united states problems adaptation thing plants need survive water getting water problem plants big problem plants grow deserts creosote bush desert plant chemicals roots chemicals kill plants growing nearby creosote bush water plants cactus plants adaptations help store water roots cactus plants cover large area grow deep ground helps cactus plants water rains cactus plants able store large amounts water stems
compare zebra giraffe zebras giraffes found places zebras giraffes eat plants zebras giraffes thing giraffes longer neck zebras live places eat things zebras giraffes look plants animals adaptations look animals plant adaptations animal adaptations help animals need survive giraffe neck eat leaves trees zebra shorter neck eat grasses animals adaptations help food look birds shown birds type beak kind beak adaptation helps bird kind food sparrows short thick beaks crush seeds hummingbirds thin beaks food deep flower eagles vultures hooked beaks tear meat woodpeckers hard beaks peck wood look insects pelicans herons feed fish compare beaks heron spears fish pelican scoops fish look beaks duck tern pictures birds spears fish bird feeds seeds bird eats plant materials floating water reasons choice animals find hard survive winter difficult animals eat plants find food animals freeze death cold temperatures winter
simple machines opener handles levers key turn open wheel axle cutting blade inclined plane opener simple machines machine simple machines called compound machine kinds compound machines wheelbarrow simple machines compound machines car hundreds wheels levers pulleys compound machines wheelbarrow mechanical energy car chemical energy bicycle compound machine study bicycle shown simple machines bicycle simple machines wheel axle machines bicycle wheels bicycle connected axles form wheel axle machine pedals wheel axle machines pedals turn gear gear connected gear rear wheel bicycle chain gears chain connects form wheel axle machine handlebars fourth wheel axle bicycle brake handles levers levers help easier stop bicycle energy simple machines
ways experienced heat maybe remember hot summer days played shade remember trying cool hot soup ate maybe felt warmth campfire heat experienced ways heat heat form energy heat energy added matter hotter add heat energy pot soup hotter understand heat remember thing matter matter tiny particles particles matter moving heat energy matter faster particles matter moving hot soup lot heat energy particles hot soup move fast cold milk heat energy particles cold milk move slowly amount heat energy matter measured looking moving particles particles matter small heat measured effect matter unit heat energy called calorie heat energy matter calories calories nail hot nail cold think heat think temperature heat temperature learned heat particles matter move faster temperature measure speed particles faster particles matter move higher temperature matter
hot summer evening electricity city york lights crowded subways elevators stopped refrigerators air conditioners shut entire city electricity hours york found difficult live electricity short imagine electricity town chapter learn types electricity learn electricity related magnetism types electricity type called current electricity type electricity light home classroom type called static electricity static electricity friction rubbing static electricity makes hair rise pull sweater head lightning static electricity matter tiny particles electric charges particles positive charge particles negative charge rubbing objects negative charges rub object charges move object object greater negative charge object happens pull sweater head look drawings sweater rub negative charges sweater negative charges move hair hair negative charges sweater sweater positive charges negative charges negative positive charges attract drawn
scientists find traces plants animals sedimentary rocks traces called fossils fossils bones footprints bodies animals ago type fossil formed plant animal dies covered sediment sediment hardens body plant animal decays leaves empty space sediment plant animal empty space mold fossil sediments minerals fill mold materials harden form cast fossil cast fossil rock exact shape original plant animal cast fossil gelatin mold gelatin hardens shape mold trees picture cast fossils trees petrified changed rock formed buried trees began rot minerals slowly took place material trees formed exact copy buried trees petrified trees buried ago changed coal gas oil today fuels energy called fossil fuels drawings show coal forms igneous sedimentary rocks buried deep earth heat pressure earth change igneous sedimentary rocks kind rock kind rock called metamorphic rock coal type sedimentary rock changed soft coal sedimentary rock soft coal buried deep earth heat pressure change hard coal metamorphic rock harder fuel soft coal
oceans cover fourths earth look map large oceans move finger traveling oceans showed oceans connected difficult study oceans large deep tasted ocean water tastes salty salt drawings help show oceans salty salt minerals found earth crust rains washed salt soil streams rivers streams rivers carried salt ocean ocean salt mixed water scientists called oceanographers learned things ocean oceanographers explore ocean small underwater vessel oceanographers special submarines help study oceans special submarine shown named alvin alvin special cameras scan ocean floor claws collect samples imagine taking trip alvin ocean floor begin trip notice floor gently slopes continues slope kilometers area called continental shelf continental shelf edge continent underwater places continental shelf km wide places km wide water continental shelf shallow sunlight reach floor places plants grow plants eaten types fish
ocean water moves rising falling shore level ocean water rises falls times change level ocean water called tide tides mainly caused gravitational pull moon earth moon travels earth moon stronger pull part earth closest arrow drawing page shows part earth pulled pulling water move part earth pulled moon pulls earth water opposite side earth water level rises coast areas rise water level called high tide parts earth moon pulling water level low fall water level called low tide high tides low tides everyday rocky shorelines high tide leaves pools water tide pools homes kinds plants animals crabs starfish algae found tide pools large moving rivers water ocean large ocean rivers called currents currents warm currents cold warm water currents flow equator cold water currents carry cold water north pole south pole arrows map show path ocean currents types currents affect coastlines north america look map gulf stream gulf stream strongest ocean currents earth
leaves stomach food thick liquid thick liquid moves small intestine small intestine organ shaped tube times longer height muscles walls small intestine squeeze food squeezing breaks food smaller pieces juices mixed food juices small intestine juices organs connected small intestine drawing inside small intestine parts look fingers finger shaped parts small tubes filled blood tiny particles food leave small intestine enter bloodstream blood carries food cells body stomachache stomachaches common problem digestive system stomachache painful caused eating food caused eating food spicy stomachaches short prevented taking care digestive system care digestive system eat proper kinds foods eat fatty fried foods eat foods spicy eat plenty fruits vegetables foods material called fiber doctors think foods fiber help digestive system healthy body cells tissues organs systems digestive system food form cells body
thing noticed woke morning bright sunlight smell breakfast cold air room sound alarm clock senses let things senses link body eyes hear ears nose mouth help smell taste skin covering body helps touch objects feel pain cold heat chapter learn sense sense organs find senses help enjoy safe senses senses seeing hearing tasting smelling touching senses depends special organs body organs called sense organs eyes ears tongue nose skin sense organs senses pictures sense organs eyes hear ears sense organs connected brain sense organs send information brain brain billions nerve cells closely packed nerve cells lead brain parts body nerve cells join form nerves nerves send signals sense organs drawing nerve signals catches ball nerve endings hands detect slap ball hands nerve endings send signals nerves arm nerves backbone
known happening seeing happen maybe knew parade sounds drum known frog nearby heard croak hearing important sense tells hear sound waves reach ear sound waves particles air vibrate move ear picks sound waves part body call ear outer ear rest ear inside head outer ear catches sound waves guides ear canal vibrating air ear canal eardrum vibrate eardrum thin tissue end ear canal eardrum close small bones middle ear eardrum vibrates bones pass vibrations ear ear coiled tube looks snail shell tube filled liquid liquid vibrates moves tiny hairlike nerve endings found tube nerve endings send signals brain sounds harmful person ears sudden loud noises tear eardrum damage nerve endings ear loss hearing constant noise harmful factory workers spend hours loud machines noise lose hearing help care ears staying noisy places noisy place protect ears person picture
living things alike ways alike cells cell basic unit living things cells called building blocks cells plants animals compared bricks building bricks needed building cells needed plants animals living things kinds cells cells brain cells heart cells roots plant cells leaves matter kinds cells cells small seen viewing microscope living things alike living things need things stay alive living thing need stay alive things need food water air plants animals need things needs met animals pictures meet needs living things carry processes processes activities living things alive living things alike processes carried living things listed chart learned ways living things alike living things differ carry processes living things food eating plants animals green plants eat food
reproduction place pollen grains reach top pistil pollination process pollen grains move stamen pistil main ways flowers pollinated insects wind flowers pollinated insects insects honeybee attracted flowers sweet odor colorful petals honeybees feed sweet liquid produced flower honeybee feeds brushes pollen grains stamen pollen sticks bee moves bee carries pollen pistil flowers pollinated wind blows wind carries pollen grains stamen pistil plants sweet odor colorful petals pollinated grasses trees shown pollinated wind drawing shows happens pollen grain lands top pistil top pistil sticky pollen grain sticks pollen grain begins grow tube tube grows pistil reaches ovule reaches ovule male cell pollen grain combines female cell joining male female reproductive cells called fertilization fertilized ovule seed tiny young plant stored food tiny young plant called embryo conditions embryo begins grow growth plant embryo seed called germination embryo grows food stored seed reaches size young plant food photosynthesis
scientists classify worms main groups groups flatworms roundworms segmented worms structure worms complex sponges complex structure animals stinging cells group worms flatworms flatworm simplest type worm live streams ponds shape flatworm body common flatworm found fresh water planarian nerve cells head planarian cells act simple brain brain sense organs organ body part job sense organs called eyespots eyespots sense light find eyespots planarians planarians unusual ability regenerate regrow body parts missing tail cut planarians grow tail head cut head grow regenerate part body cut center head heads grow look drawings amazing animals flatworms parasites parasite animal plant lives body animal plant animal plant parasite lives host parasite takes food host tapeworm flatworm parasite tapeworms live digestive system animals digestive system group body parts break food tapeworm digestive system
young mammals develop inside mother body mammals produce large number young mice give birth ten young large mammals elephants baby needed young grow inside mother body varies kind mammal large mammals longer grow small mammals small mammal hamster grows days large mammal giraffe takes days dogs days grow mother body whales grow days mammal babies grow short inside mother body born fully formed small helpless crawl mother warm pouch continue grow kangaroo opossum mammals young develop pouch picture shows tiny opossum baby feeding inside mother pouch mammals important mammals food products cattle pigs sheep raised meat foods cheese cream butter milk produced cows belts shoes footballs leather coats products mammal skins mammals harmful rats harmful mammals rats spread disease humans rats eat stored food fruits grains millions dollars lost damage rats vertebrates animals bone major groups vertebrates fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals
living things surrounded living things surrounded nonliving things living nonliving things affect surrounds affects living thing called environment living things home environment nonliving things ways living nonliving things affect study living nonliving things affect called ecology scientists study subject called ecologists look picture fish tank living nonliving things living nonliving things tank affect interact fish plants need water survive plants give oxygen goes water fish need oxygen live oxygen water breathe fish give carbon dioxide plants carbon dioxide food fish plants die plants fish die fish tank ecosystem ecosystem group living things nonliving environment ecosystem includes ways living things group interact includes living things interact nonliving environment ecosystem small single fish single plant fishbowl ecosystem large forest desert ocean look picture city park park ecosystem smaller ecosystems rock find small ecosystem kinds living things
learned sudden major change fire affect size populations sudden affect communities volcano washington erupted volcano mount st helens exploded force force equal million metric tons dynamite picture shows area looked blast shows area months blast millions trees blown plants burned covered layers ash deep scientists believe thousands bear deer animals lost lives living things area survived fire destroyed square kilometers forest trees shrubs grasses plants burned fire animals killed snakes lizards rabbits baby birds animals able escape fire lived animals lived lost food supply habitat communities picture shows major change redwood forest cutting trees wood result clearing trees forest ways forest fire living things lose habitat happens sudden major change destroys ecosystem community return kinds living things ecosystem series communities ecosystem called succession
learned particles mixtures large seen grains mixture sand salt mixtures particles mixed individual molecules particles mixture sugar water particles sugar water individual molecules mixture sugar water special kind mixture called solution solution mixture forms substance dissolves solution particles substances evenly mixed solutions solid dissolved liquid solutions clear colored happens sugar mixes water sugar particles disappear water course sugar disappeared dissolved water means sugar molecules evenly mixed water molecules tiny sugar molecules water evaporates sugar molecules form solid sugar solution parts solute substance solution dissolves sugar water solution sugar solute water solvent solvent substance solution dissolving things affect fast solute dissolves solvent stirring makes solute dissolve faster temperature affects fast solute dissolves solutes dissolve faster warm solvent cold picture shows powdered tea hot water cold water amount tea put glass difference amount tea dissolved glass
depend deal electricity electricity scientists interested electricity known electricity scientists matter energy matter mass takes space electricity mass space energy electricity kind picture understand electrical energy understand matter remember matter atoms knowing structure atom help solve mystery electricity learned atom central part called nucleus particles nucleus particles positive charge called protons moving nucleus particles called electrons electrons atom negative charge number protons number electrons atom charges balance happens atom charge atom charge neutral normal conditions atoms matter neutral drawing shows number electrons protons balanced look drawing children playing tug war teams balanced team children balance teams children move move direction children move side larger number side smaller number children move balance teams
electric devices number watts printed motor watts printed motor watts printed watt motor energy watt motor amount look light bulbs picture watts bulb power electric companies measure electricity customer kilowatt hours kilowatt hour equal watts electricity hour watt motor run hours kilowatt hour electricity watt light bulb burn kilowatt hour electricity meters measure amount electricity building meter house meter shows kilowatt hours electricity home kilowatt hour costs amount money look picture electric bill kilowatt hours electricity month electricity cost building safety devices help electricity safe fuses circuit breakers protect buildings fire circuit handle amount electric current appliances plugged circuit wires hot happens fuses circuit breakers help fires starting safety devices break circuit wires hot metal strip inside fuse melts fuse blows breaks circuit special switch circuit breaker turns break circuit
kind weathering called physical weathering physical weathering processes break rock changing chemical makeup weathering rock change size shape rock broken smaller pieces pieces makeup rock change physical effect freezing melting water rock type physical weathering mountain regions daytime temperatures freezing point water water seeps cracks rock night temperatures drop freezing point water turns ice water freezes expands water crack expands pushes force sides crack crack larger daily freezing melting water large rocks break smaller pieces kind physical weathering called frost action live place cold result frost action winter large cracks form sidewalks cracks holes pothole left form roads caused freezing melting water plants rocks crack break small plants trees grow soil found cracks rocks grow plants push sides cracks cracks larger split rocks tree trunk left split large rock look carefully neighborhood places plants split rocks sidewalks
weathered materials carried places movement weathered rock soil place called erosion water ice wind called agents erosion moving water moving ice moving air carry weathered materials important agent erosion water force water erosion gravity gravity water run downhill steeper hill faster water flow faster water flows greater rate erosion amount water affects rate erosion water erosion erosion begin raindrops hit soil falling drops break large lumps soil water rain melting snow flows earth surface water called runoff runoff moves downhill form small streams small streams form larger stream larger streams join form river rivers flow lakes oceans water moves surface erode soil rocks amount material moved depends partly amount water speed water important factor fast moving water erodes material slower moving water plants growing soil moving water erode lot soil erosion soil runoff problem farmers top layers soil rich materials plants need important farmers prevent erosion soil picture shows lot erosion hilly places
chemicals insect weed sprays poison fish living things water sprays affect living things live water happens food chain small fish poison eats small plants small fish eaten larger fish larger fish eaten large bird poisons build bird eats fish bird dies poison pollution fertilizers insect sprays reduced chemicals farmers plant shrubs grasses water plants help prevent soil erosion soil carrying chemicals enter water industries pollute water industries products dump liquid solid wastes rivers lakes wastes poison water poison wastes water unsafe drinking swimming industries built waste treatment plants plants remove harmful substances water enters rivers lakes streams industries release hot water streams lakes dumping heated material water called thermal pollution hot water hold oxygen cold water lower amounts oxygen plants animals live water ways industries power plants stop thermal pollution releasing heated materials lakes rivers heat released air nuclear power plants large cooling towers shown hot water power plant pumped cooling tower tower hot water passes coiled pipes
muscles attached bones tough cords called tendons feel tendons hand wrist feel big tendon connects large muscle calf leg heel drawing shows tendon muscles body move bones muscles contract muscle contracts muscle shorter thicker muscles relax muscle relaxes muscle longer thinner muscle kind tissue contract relax contracting relaxing muscles move muscles move bones pairs muscle pulls bone direction muscle pair pulls bone opposite direction muscles pull push bone move muscle shortens contracts pulls bone moves muscle pair relaxes observe pairs muscles contract relax move bone body place left hand muscle top upper arm move lower half arm upward shown drawing feel muscle arm bulge muscle bulges contracting contracts pulls bones lower arm upward feel muscle underside arm muscle feel soft soft relaxed lower arm feel pair muscles top underside upper arm contracts relaxes drawings show muscles look raise lower arm
circulatory system body transport systems carries needed materials food oxygen cells body carries waste products important job circulatory system protect body disease serves defense system circulatory system main parts help perform jobs parts blood heart blood vessels blood body average adult blood amount amount liquid contained bottles shown picture blood liquid solid parts floating liquid part blood called plasma plasma yellowish color water important chemicals plasma makes half blood kinds solid parts blood solid part blood red blood cells red blood cells carry oxygen cells body special chemical called hemoglobin hemoglobin red blood cells iron makes blood look red red blood cell looks doughnut hole shape shown picture red blood cell small single drop blood million red blood cells white blood cells solid part blood help body fight infection white blood cells shown white blood cells hemoglobin called white cells color white blood cells change shape move
excretory system transport system removes waste products body waste products unwanted materials left processes respiration living things die rid waste products body parts rid waste products kidneys main organs excretory system lungs skin thought parts excretory system lungs rid main waste product product carbon dioxide rid moisture materials leave body person exhales surprised learn skin part excretory system layer skin sweat glands find drawing person water leaves body water waste materials sweating rid extra water wastes waste water body removed kidneys normal person kidneys located lower side backbone drawing shows kidneys located blood passes kidneys kidneys waste materials excess water dissolved wastes excess water small tubes bladder storage finally water wastes leave body urine urine water wastes salts dissolved solid human waste removed body large intestine part digestive system kidneys diseased stop working properly harmful waste products build body
congress lofty position capitol hill oversees white house bureaucracy west looks eastward supreme court congress keystone washington politics sole authority nation laws shapes policy exclusive authority authorize money federal programs constitution pits congress president ending battle supremacy meantime house senate check balance capitol hill politics weaves complicated webs relationships president staff bureaucracy special interests political parties course voters choose members congress place politics equally complicated congress members vie power status represented choice committee assignments congressional party leadership positions congress pictured institution simply reflects pressures voters special interest groups approximately committees capitol hill divide legislative power lifeblood legislative process committees authority status keen competition obtain seats house ways means appropriations committees senate judiciary foreign relations committees top power hierarchy committees shape federal budget formulate legislation hold investigations oversee bureaucracy senate conduct special hearings executive nominations late congressman clem miller california astutely observed sorts ways things congress live committee chairman brilliant
session congress ended month bill floor extending program juvenile justice amendment offered easier send juvenile offenders adult jails hearing representative michael stunned pass overwhelmingly asked told vote congressional report card christian voice conservative religious group active fall campaign lawmakers knew considerable distaste word floor runs prairie fire event painful unusual young oklahoma democrat turns starts term house angry young frightened trends sees capitol hill fearful future congress breakfast week house dining room congress returned town expressed concerns conclusion big issues energy economy government regulation major issue impact special interests country dominant force politics financially information wise grass roots organizations congressmen interests force powerful intimidating presence halls capitol want overly cautious congressman asserted want fear constituents difficult consistency government afraid constituencies legislate fear
opinion main evil present democratic institutions united states arise asserted europe weakness irresistible strength alarmed excessive liberty reigns country inadequate securities finds tyranny individual party wronged united states apply redress public opinion public opinion constitutes majority legislature represents majority implicitly obeys executive power appointed majority serves passive tool hands public force consists majority arms jury majority invested hearing judicial cases states judges elected majority hand legislative power constituted represent majority necessarily slave passions executive retain proper share authority judiciary remain independent powers government formed democratic incurring scarcely risk tyranny say frequent tyranny america present maintain sure barrier mitigate government found circumstances manners country laws united states omnipotence majority favorable legal despotism legislature likewise favors arbitrary authority magistrate
framers constitution devoted considerable attention strength central government constitution provide fairly strong national government division authority federal government states practical issues anticipated founding fathers resolved emerged federal system begun operate early landmarks resolving nature limits national authority famous supreme court case mcculloch maryland decision chief justice john marshall stated doctrine national supremacy extremely important constitutional questions raised case constitution interpreted broadly narrowly areas shared authority national government supreme states mcculloch maryland arose dispute bank incorporated congressional law maryland wished tax baltimore branch bank mcculloch cashier baltimore branch bank united states refused pay tax justifying action assumption instrumentality national government taxed maryland contended hand congress authority incorporate bank explicitly stated constitution certainly maryland argued congress power sovereign able tax branch national bank boundaries supreme court decide constitution construed broadly permit congress charter bank court decide national government government priority conflict levels government jurisdiction
ago president eisenhower nation governors concerted effort functions programs federal local governments results disappointing months negotiation small program areas minor federal tax resource approved transfer states thanks president reagan federalism initiative attempt end confusion proper roles responsibilities levels government unfortunately congress news media overlooking deeper significance president initiative concerned begin focus attention basic issues president reagan efforts suffer fate attempted realignment think washington hear word government fact government federalism united states practiced federalism system shared authorities responsibilities nation governments government nation current debate federalism want government organized want responsibilities reside fundamental point participants debate federalism game program poker players bid handfuls program revenue dealing system government grown big complex expensive distant citizens things stand knows responsible programs haphazard evolution establish clear set principles federalism realign define functions carried levels government
case study displays views conservative liberal members general public variety issues leaders political parties interest groups sharply defined political attitudes rank file members organizations conservative liberal views republican democratic leaders fairly clearly etched leaders labor unions professional associations corporations trade associations feminist groups pro abortion groups evangelical organizations strongly held opinions followers american political elites maintaining ideological commitments found impossible divide american public ideological lines members public espouse ideological consistently minority character american politics extends members public call conservatives liberals segments populace feel nearly intensely political issues leaders perceive crucial north carolina republican senator jesse helms acknowledged conservative leader vehemently opposes busing affirmative action abortion rights strongly supports prayer public schools majority conservatives general public oppose helms positions affirmative action abortion rights majority liberals conservatives support constitutional amendment permit prayer public schools issues liberal conservative members general public widely separated leaders proper levels government spending education health environment urban problems defense foreign aid welfare traditionally issue major disagreement conservative liberal leaders exception welfare spending conservative liberal followers generally agree levels government spending categories amount
nixon john kennedy sat television studio red light began glow richard nixon finished television blamed wrong reasons content programs difference mattered image viewers received observers caught point mcluhan read theodore white making president appalled section debates white offers statistics number sets american homes number hours daily sets clue nature tv image effects candidates viewers white considers content debates debaters occurs ask tv inevitably disaster sharp intense image nixon boon blurry shaggy texture kennedy mcluhan opinion tv nixon america saw nixon candidate discarded figure past spoke thought detected growth stability sense direction lacking return fresh perspective problem let nation television answer television controlled need experts find proper settings found manufacture keen judgment flawless taste need keen dignity
war end congress engaged extensive investigation legislative procedures purpose re tailor legislature meet needs increasingly complex society extent lobbying included investigations result congressional hearings section legislative reorganization act dealt regulation lobbying major provision act required lobbyists register clerk house representatives secretary senate divulging names addresses employers submit quarterly reports income expenditures penalty violation registration requirements set fine imprisonment months person convicted violating act prohibited period attempting influence directly indirectly passage defeat proposed legislation congress violation section carried fine imprisonment lobbying act challenged supreme court bill enacted government charged individuals supposed violations registration reporting sections act lower federal court ruled lobbying law vague unconstitutional grounds violated due process clause amendment lower court found registration reporting penalty provisions lobbying act abused amendment freedoms speech assembly petition government redress grievances united states harriss supreme court decision upheld constitutionality lobbying act stating congress wants hired putting money
harley ways legendary capitol hill rumor shoe salesman othello washington drowsy farm town dry columbia basin likely version owned shoe store othello occasionally fitted customers lacked grander dreams othello miles oasis sorts prairie eastern washington isolation seattle adequately expressed mileage number road map othello slow fast soon found owning host businesses banks story goes despite fact spent catching trout shooting pheasant offspring reason eventually felt urge move mean family heading walla walla worked senator campaign washington clerk appropriations committee handled funds hud nasa independent agencies regulatory commissions switched hew appropriations post simply moving pipe rack office confronting set figures nominal superior chief clerk subcommittee irascible southerner served chairmen forgotten capitol hill moved chief clerk desk unworkable mountain papers months chief clerk stopped coming altogether
president simply respond pressures responsibility lead public opinion respect shape inform woo win sword compass aroused public opinion effective helping create climate favorable steel prices statutory tool president kennedy televised explanations decisions berlin nuclear testing cuban quarantine achieved occasion national consensus discouraged adversary hopes disunity arousing public opinion delicate task president kennedy plea fall shelters discussion berlin ended prevailing national apathy civil defense emotional response grew hysterical proportions receded apathy warnings presence soviet missiles cuba sufficiently somber enlist support creating panic home resisted recommendation declare full scale national emergency threat berlin recognizing resort ultimate powers public response selectively similar reasons generally resisted urgings disappointed partisans stir public congress controlled nominally party consistently enacted fifths program short presidential appeals public support frequency effective occasions need alienate portion public support serving president mean offending
governmental bodies private pressure groups seek administrative agencies purposes infrequently agencies caught schizophrenic atmosphere conflicting demands governmental private constituents political nature bureaucracy draws arena political conflict president congress look bureaucracy administrators caught cross fire conflicting pressures seek safety attempting steer course action maximize political support minimize opposition degree branches government private pressure groups control administrative action depends largely importance constituents agencies modern presidents agreed alexander hamilton control executive branch means regular bureaucracy american president twentieth century office pledging reorganize federal bureaucracy confronted reality agency power based close links capitol hill private interests settle wanted bureaucracy interwoven washington power structure limiting presidential reorganization efforts general white house influence executive branch regardless power realities surround bureaucracy presidents continue consider major responsibilities chief administrator presidents recognize need cooperation administrative branch develop carry programs provide support white house capitol hill presidents run support bureaucracy important getting things washington public opinion
england town originated colonial era principal instrument local government region territories chartered colonies compact clusters settlements grew churches stockades common pastures fields matter course settlers met consider common problems ways deal origin england town meeting england colonies sovereign states territory subdivided towns existing towns responsibilities handling decentralized functions able meet needs fulfilled county governments states later counties later established england towns retained original functions despite fact towns existed prior states england legal governing powers towns derived authority towns permitted undertake activities authorized part activities carried counties states education police fire protection garbage collection health welfare services construction roads taxation unique local governmental feature england towns town meeting annual gathering town adult citizens town meeting possesses legislative powers run town purest form democracy town meeting makes decisions simple majority vote england towns populations greatly increased traditional town meeting undergone town residents annual meeting voting citizens unwieldy affair
congress set courts appeals relieve supreme court need review cases appealed district courts constitutional courts appeals states assigned appellate circuits areas jurisdiction district columbia constitutes eleventh circuit court appeals district court legislative constitutional court altogether appellate judges circuits court twenty judges depending amount judicial activity circuit case decided court appeals judges preside hearings judges present assigned court courts appeals appellate jurisdiction hear cases appeal district courts circuits legislative courts congress provided district appellate courts review cases administrative agencies exercise judicial functions instances congress appellate courts authority enforce administrative action issuing judicial orders writs number justices judges supreme court called determined congress ranged times ten present justices court associate judges chief justice justice appointed court president advice consent senate removed impeachment trial proceedings congress supreme court devotes weeks month hearing arguments cases sessions open public
california heeded calls taxpayers revolt passed proposition political leaders say measure significant effect billions dollars saved taxpayers fundamental shift power populous cities counties lost ability control destiny edmund los county supervisor destiny determined sacramento officials measure mandated limiting property taxes altered political balance local government smallest school system vulnerable influences sacramento lobbyists special interests proposition amendment constitution approved voters june cut property taxes percent severely limited authority cities counties school districts raise taxes rises taxes subject approval thirds legislature cut property tax collections billion past tax cutting measures reduced projected tax revenue billion according public officials political researchers full fiscal effect tax cuts felt distributions huge budget surplus edmund brown jr inherited predecessor ronald reagan allowed schools local governments avoid cutbacks operations surplus brown officials communities school systems say close insolvency inability raise taxes inability continue aid previous level revenue losses attributed recession series tax cuts proposition
significant fact american social political census caught magnitude observing areas lived city limits figures confirmed trend measured acceleration suburban explosion accompanied marked decline city populations result steady growth suburban power american politics changing numbers dominance inevitable fact register vote larger percentages city dwellers accelerated shift republicans initial beneficiaries power shift generally democrats soon inroads especially older communities municipal lines suburban revolution respecter regions prevalent sun belt states older areas northeast middle west controlled legislatures urbanized states enjoyed influence redistricting result recent census complete transformation political roots federalism found outer edges areas property taxes risen sharply health welfare costs deplete nearly half county budgets federal policies favor urban centers making present programs discretionary dependent local revenues federalism increase growing burden nation cities certainly ease financial pinch suburbia initially dominated rural interests united states gradually fell sway big cities process institutionalized supreme court vote ruling redistributed power
political conflict governed rules choose president holding election tuesday monday november rules inevitably favor interest regardless fairly enforced holding elections weekday instance means hourly wage jobs leave vote vote polling places crowded hourly wage earners easily discouraged voting lawyers business professors hours flexible examining rules surrounding conflict frequently side strategy built advantage let suppose tuition group planning spend money elect legislators rules determine strategy worth support question begin makes college tuition decisions discover decisions legislature legislature vote committee membership decided party leadership case wiser give support established party leaders fund legislators possess influence election ignore rules politics playing baseball knowing strikes alternatives pursuing policy ways goal achieved unfortunately easy engrossed specific solution don consider alternatives alternatives easier accomplish effective
constitution drafted hundred ago reflects eighteenth century view government relevance defended grounds important defense constitution flexibility adaptation adoption document amended twenty times amendments concerned fundamental issues prohibiting congressional interference speech abolishing slavery constitution prevented national government creating organizations meet needs constitution makes mention department commerce federal aviation administration federal reserve bank cabinet office federal agency organizations created constitutional authority instance power regulate commerce important organizations political parties interest groups developed constitution claimed constitution locks late eighteenth century government flexibility provided clauses constitution delegates philadelphia realized document anticipate detail future contingencies emergencies discretion granted public officials known article section clause congress power laws proper carrying execution foregoing powers powers vested constitution government united states department officer thereof provision called proper clause elastic clause follows section spelling specific powers congress congress general authority laws implement explicit powers clause enabled congress address important issues
huge costs federal grant aid programs surprising administration cooperative federalism widely debated emergence mid seen questions involving grants distributed precise formulas allocating funds politically important decision allow congress greater power grants likely draw support groups influence congress opposition governors local officials administrative decisions affect policy decisions funds purpose nearly president lyndon johnson reshaping national local relationships major issues agenda noted president johnson modern federalism dramatic break past johnson approach involved sharp increases washington assistance creative ways dispensing aid creative federalism put meant cooperation city business labor private institutions private enterprise purpose improve dramatically quality extensive federal government aid practice meant private companies industries religious groups receive federal funds washington active policy areas left entirely local governments improving neighborhood parks training police providing jobs teenagers federalism paperwork nationally administered guidelines soon richard nixon assumed presidency began advocated federalism shift decisions washington local governments approach reflected traditional republican view local officials closer citizens problems qualified solve
united states democracies simple plurality system voting candidate votes elected practice criticized inconsistent democracy allowing victory candidate lacking majority provide representation citizens part plurality majority words winning candidate receives percent vote citizens cast remaining percent votes receive representation electoral system provide representation citizens argued majority minority voice government proportion strength numerous alternatives suggested adopted hope eliminating alleged lack representation illinois employed cumulative vote multimember district system electing lower house divided districts district electing legislators voters votes votes cast single candidate allowed district minorities cast votes candidates democratic district automatically electing democratic legislators republicans concentrating votes candidate representation common alternative ensure minority representation proportional representation pr basic idea pr simple seats awarded parties proportion share vote practice multitude variations nations israel netherlands country election district belgium greece nation subdivided election districts
customary united states extensive elections recently concern increased participation rates declined turnout presidential elections percent percent turnout increased slightly tenths percent significance fact percent eligible citizens choose vote feel widespread apathy represents crisis american democracy confidence electoral system choices offers results produces eventually argued seek replace electoral politics authoritarian choosing leaders apathy pervasive feelings alienation political powerlessness problem requires attention view validity evidence rate apathy signifies political crisis true saw low sense political efficacy likely vote true decline voting attributed growing disenchantment government responsiveness hand true disproportionately according national survey conducted center political studies university michigan voters offered pretty responses questions dealing wasting taxpayers money domination government big interest dishonesty government difference voters trust jimmy carter gerald ford study twenty period concluded roots satisfaction dissatisfaction political system
agree mass media exercise considerable power politics general elections power generated numerous fears citizens government manipulated decisions television newspaper coverage events doubt specific situations political event impact entirely creation media exaggeration argue mass media exercise political control united states important check media power diversity television restrictive mass media monopoly major networks public broadcasting system superstations growing number specialty cable stations stations operating station dominates ratings reaches citizens points view heard thanks cable television religious groups present perspective politics society radio diverse radio stations ranging big city rock role outlets fm stations serving small ethnic communities print media diverse nearly newspaper magazines publishing publications gave voice conceivable political viewpoint mass media united states privately owned owned radio television stations european nations instance canada bbc britain media ownership concentrated corporations television stations newspapers company comes remotely close monopoly
seen interest groups numerous involved virtually aspect politics employ variety strategies small dinners expensive restaurants marches demonstrations groups affect public policy government dominated groups section examine extent interest group power consider groups likely successful common arguments support power interest groups focuses money spend knows sure spent figure undoubtedly hundred million dollars organizations salaries media campaigns mass mailings direct campaign contributions supporters groups throw money course claimed follows contributors getting money studies groups money suggests limited return investment analysis members congress voted bill increase milk price supports shows contributions milk products pac small impact outcome pac generously reward supporters election diana study legislation guaranteeing loans chrysler windfall profits tax oil reached similar conclusion monetary contributions small impact legislative voting studies variety issues support bomber trucking deregulation regulation car industry generally confirm conclusion modest relationship contributions voting argument regarding strength interest groups focuses cases group prevailed despite lack merit widespread opposition
debate merits proposal important highly visible part legislative process rarely decisive moment seen committee decisions major impact bills survive modified bills committee addition prior floor consideration elected party leaders key decisions version bill considered fully debated bill fate decided floor vote occasion floor debate difference important aspect debate amending process cases opponents bill offer amendments weaken bill passage meaningless alternative tactic introduce amendments strengthen bill objectionable supporters tactics opponents civil rights legislation early supporters bill amendment process sweeten bill pick additional votes instances offering dozens amendments obstruct delay confuse legislative business house debate establishment separate department education unfriendly amendment offered rename agency department public education dope amendments parliamentary requests action intended delay called dilatory motions banned house senate skilled legislator amending process advantage adding riders additional provisions directly relate bill instances legislation president opposes attached bill president wants
group members congress paid fairly members congress received salary number benefits reduced cost meals opportunities earn income especially senate restrictions income misleading characterize congress wealthy club place sizable variations income wealth members rely heavily spouse income pay daily bills senators income exceeded million large number earned quarter million end scale senators larry reported income modest assets matched liabilities total income inadequate survive member congress maintain residences washington real estate expensive government funds provided amount travel district extra trips paid personal funds important consideration national legislators expected maintain high status style dress entertain frequently expected pick lunch dinner checks lesser status embarrassing find senators buying suits mart eating lunch mcdonalds legislators easy marks worthy soliciting contribution finally compared salaries job security high level private industry members congress underpaid comparable private industry employee likely receive salary bonuses win position
holder social security number pig fact drunken pig waterhole ike works dozens hundreds offspring spends deal lolling mud morning mark cowley cafe tavern waterhole town northern nevada drinks beer gallon bucket comes drink hog heaven cowley tail drink waterhole ike listens cowley reads letters cowley heads syndicate promotes pig sold shares stock thoroughbred horse syndicated cowley pig racehorse secretariat syndicated worth don millions cowley trouble performing stud service problem waterhole ike charges waterhole ike story began ago cowley patrons bar formed syndicate money collected put cigar box syndicate box cowley decided open savings account pig savings loan firm needed social security number account holder report interest taxes cowley applied card put truth cowley mother pig father stars born bottom says signature wondered knows pig write
factors determine supreme court decides case justices carefully follow letter law respond political climate let consider popular explanations judicial decision making supporting evidence simplest explanation judges decide mechanically comparing facts case constitution federal law united states butler justice owen roberts stated duty judicial branch lay article constitution involved statute challenging decide squares want supreme court rule case need consult constitution relevant federal statute explanation drawbacks constitution statute fairly explicit reasonable disagree means constitution explicitly congress regulate commerce states debates constitutional law concerns meaning interstate commerce constitution prohibits cruel unusual punishment electric chair cruel unusual important instances constitution vague says constitution mention congressional power investigate oversee executive bureaucracies justice case involves investigation conducted congressional committee problems occur judges try follow letter law law vague classic instance sherman trust act provided clear definition key term monopoly vagueness intentional complex areas congress realize spelling details impossible
proponents judicial restraint believe involvement controversial issues brings judicial process disrepute power judges derives adherence law narrow legal interpretation deal broad policy questions lose special standing argument continues judges qualified public policy elected leaders law school practicing law insulate judges pressures problems elected leaders confront judges accountable actions election mistakes elected officials reversible oust incompetent leaders polls supreme court justices hand appointed constitutional interpretation foundation policymaking undermine constitution judges sworn uphold defenders judicial activism contrast argue constitution adapted contemporary needs maintain relevance impossible judge rely completely words written decide complex cases words vague intention unclear situations change drastically principles constitution enduring preserved judges freedom applying flexibility constitution merely historical document merely constitution mention school bussing mean judges rule issue bussing needed ensure principle equal protection laws fourteenth amendment thing abstract law cases deal real situations involving costs benefits
war ii leaders hope peace maintained united nations american government moving forces creation subsequently provided united nations considerable financial material support numerous occasions goal reducing armed conflict intervention realized instance united nations helped end conflict dutch indonesians united nations troops supervised provided neutral buffer zone opposing forces korea cyprus middle east american goal creating international peacekeeping force united nations success powers direct conflict separating indian pakistan adversaries considerably easier preventing soviet military confrontations communist north koreans invaded south korea united nations powerless stop rapid escalation military involvement united nations equally impotent soviet union invaded hungary czechoslovakia organization fare mediating involvement southeast asia united nations fulfilled american expectations keeping peace issues participants directly threaten communist bloc interests working united nations united states numerous occasions directly entered conflicts promote peace american secretary henry kissinger dramatically intervened arab israeli war arrange cease fire eventual agreement israeli suez canal partial israeli withdrawal sinai desert
factor helps explain existence large military establishment possessing enormous nuclear destructive power doctrine holds basically enemy discouraged deterred aggression consequences aggression overwhelmingly negative words soviet leaders attack united states result destruction soviet union senseless launch attack simple idea implementation results complexities irrational behavior key element theory nation possess credible strike capacity soviet union launches strike united states sufficient retaliatory capacity inflict enormous damage attacker nation knows strike totally effective think hard launching idea seriously wound cripple generally known mutual assured destruction mad maintaining credible strike capacity requires deployment vast destructive power thousands missiles bombers dozen soviet union called overkill capacity expend greater force needed destroy population facility united states possesses missiles soviet strike surviving able inflict massive destruction need sides guarantee devastating strike capacity encourages ending increases destructive capability assume united states icbms deploy missiles guarantee credible strike
seen political system policy areas actions limits government act full authority government officials levels frequent complaint public officials accomplish despite size power modern governments pursuing objective key question government pressure government accomplish wasteful harm obvious limit government money attacking problems pollution poverty illiteracy unemployment expensive instances costs complete solution capacity federal government consider problem providing adequate health care elderly programs field expanded dramatically decades funds doubled tripled elderly suffer chronic debilitating diseases hundreds millions spent medical research intensive care solve health problems elderly federal government principle possesses sufficient funds undertaking undesirable mammoth financial commitment increased spending area means diminished spending huge increase spending medical research mean money education highway safety reducing pollution worthy recall chapter policy choices trade maximizing set goals means attention government possesses sufficient financial resources guarantee problem resolved public officials address issue
amazon greatest river earth flowing andes easterly brazil equator empties atlantic ocean equator miles wide mouth pours average million thousand cubic feet atlantic ocean equivalent billion million gallons water minute times discharge african congo greatest river earth ten times mississippi largest river north america empties average cubic feet water gulf mexico figures arrived joint survey amazon united states geological survey university brazil engineers brazilian navy past amazon recognized greatest river intensive studies river greatness amazon river city iquitos miles wide narrow wider channels area drained river called amazonia covers million square miles area quarters large united states water tropical forest cover percent amazonia basin holds fresh water geological survey reports huge structural basin amazon part earth crust slowly sinking amazonia brazil country divided geographically highlands lowlands undulating plateaus heights cover surface country edges rise steep cliffs coasts mountainous ridges north south amazon
nature produced river control amazon designed executed considered amazing engineering feat rains start december january cool season begins rains atmosphere humid uncomfortable travelers mold attacks leather foods metal rusts rivers amazonia rise floating wharves rise rains continue amazon drains square miles amazing damage occur rainy season huge sheaves dried matted grasses hang trees riverbanks showing high river rises course water gathering basin mouth river bores lead floods farther river natural control despite inflow mighty rio negro manaus difference high flood low flood rivers natural control hydraulic engineers say created high flow negro comes amazon negro greatest flow determined geographical setting climate watershed negro drains flows northwest needless say full flood river amazon rise overflow vast area lower reaches river lower flood plains lie shallow lakes lakes formed retention flood waters shallow basins wide swollen stretches rivers
company entered river joined stream river carried flood emerged days sea easterly flowing water seen river certainly river indian cacique told named father tells met warriors river later named coming bend river saw banks large villages gleaming white ordered stop food villagers dugout canoes greet captain called natives laughed fun father wrote told river leaders exasperated insolence according sheer arrogance need food took offensive fired natives wounding swept current league surrounded squadrons indians approached village seek food suddenly midst sharp fighting father wounded side arrow hollow part habit wearing end fought water armpits ten twelve armed women led indians fighting legend true women white tall hair wear braided wrapped heads father strong naked private parts covered
primitive equally primitive water craft confined operations home lagoon nearby restricted activities daylight hours needed aids guide safely past hazards help find destination tell location prominent headlands shore movements limited body knowledge developed memory features adequate serve needs improved vessels ventured farther home strange harbors bays record features peculiarities places visit coast pilot tell shoals buoys marking channel harbors visited distinctive lighthouses guide tell coast early mariner approach harbor bay deal caution added personal knowledge experience information peculiarities undoubtedly talked fellow seafarers general swapping information gained knowledge means navigating unfamiliar ports inhospitable shores sailors record navigational information crude nautical charts carthaginians technique jealously seafarers guard information falling rival hands occasion carthaginian skipper pursued romans ran ship rocks drowning crew let information fall enemy hands
design shape material height thickness light tower primary mission support light mariner needs tower serves secondary purpose distinctive coloration lighthouse principally night aid consequence important aspect lighthouse light centuries light tower supported variety lights recent electricity light flame form history development lighthouse light story refinement adaptation flame refined introduction electricity flame virtually longer flame glowing gas ball stated previously light served navigational aid wood fire hillside faced seaward later began build towers lighthouses simply transferred wood fire ground top tower centuries centuries wood continued principal fuel light wood inherent problems wood burned rapidly fire light keeper move tendency forests light towers beginning sixteenth century keepers began coal lighthouses fuel produced light sailors highly favored coal fire bright seen considerable distance keepers liked coal burned slower light required attention hand sailor found light bright inclement weather needed light keepers wanted expose elements fire properly stoked
comments system illumination members board specific harsh found lighthouses examined lanterns poorly constructed improperly ventilated lamps exceptions roughly badly chimneys generally short lamps reflectors oil lamps consistently found standard reflectors defective form materials finish wicks fair quality inadequate keepers lacking training part tend lighting system board auditor supplied keepers tripoli powder clean reflectors powder generally cleaning brass copper abrasive silver reflectors lost silver revealing finding majority reflectors spherical parabolic generally investigators reported illuminating apparatus united states description nearly obsolete maritime countries apparatus description employed prior introduction lens substitutes lights bad board continued lighthouses south virtually useless mariner want sufficient power range ship captain lights lookout canaveral cape florida improved dispensed navigator apt run ashore looking uncommon comment seamen shortly receiving board report congress reorganized united states lighthouse service provided lighthouse board administer aids navigation
added lighthouse board issued written instructions operation administrative unit washington entitled routine duties booklet outlined activity lighthouse board office perform effectively main task keeping light burning sunset sunrise light keepers maintain lighting equipment shape lighthouse board instructed keepers lantern lens order ten clock morning lighting evening carrying admonition lighthouse board divided light stations keepers departments person performing department clean polish lens clean fill lamp dust framework apparatus trim carefully wicks lens lamp required put connected apparatus lamp general perfectly clean lamp ready lighting evening keeper carrying department clean copper brass fixtures apparatus utensils lantern clean walls floors balconies galleries lantern sweep dust tower stairways landing doors windows window recesses passageways lantern oil storage area performing lantern keepers instructed lighthouse board wear linen aprons prevent possibility coarse clothes scratching lens printed instructions course spelled daily periodic routine keeper job books directed perform tasks washing lens months spirit wine alcohol polishing annually rouge alternating lamps inside lens fifteen days
built period history according lighthouse service records vessel later built philadelphia navy yard navy records built jersey thomas origin vessel acquired navy renamed arctic dispatched north search dr kane ship stranded ice rescue expedition famous screw steamer company release reached island davis strait loaded arctic explorers aboard returned home vessel remained navy lighthouse board received ship minus propulsion machinery converted light vessel assumed duties relief sixth district light vessel arctic typifies happened aids navigation south advent civil war rebels destroyed lighthouses beacons sank confiscated seized arctic sank cape fear river remained end war destroyed smith point vessel chesapeake bay georgia savannah river sank martin industry lighthouse board lamented light vessels cape henry including potomac river chesapeake bay hooper straits jane island removed sunk destroyed insurgents lighthouse board simply sit backside wring collective hands despair soon conditions permitted board replaced
vessels trying remain station fortunate november assigned station thirteen miles southwest north entrance buffalo harbor york disappeared storm months later ship found nearly miles station sixty feet water sinking crewman body found thirteen miles ship sank diver reported ship hull condition interior vessel wrecked investigators surmised vessel sea smashed lantern house poured water interior ship lighthouse bureau employed contractor raise ship failed nearly sinking contractor delivered raised vessel buffalo harbor cross rip light vessel mysteriously disappeared fifteen later government dredge picked wreckage vicinity station local speculated part crushed ice vessel lost station ship assigned broke moorings drifted sea crew abandoned disappeared hurricane crew lost bodies later washed ashore able determine happened accident rattled lighthouse board loss fathom bank entrance delaware bay august seas rough bank captain ashore mate charge vessel afternoon wore winds began blow increased night fell
station consisted twin towers david melville newport rhode island supplied lighting apparatus rare times winslow lewis contract lenses country commodore matthew perry purchased auditor installed order lenses twin towers lighted lighthouse board called lights coast twin towers bad condition lighthouse board decided erecting replacements board erected brownstone towers octagonal square connected dwelling keeper lighted lights order lenses towers initial order lighthouses mineral oil south tower electrically lighted lighthouse united states electric arc valve lens installed board discontinued north tower coast guard turned highlands light station borough highlands development historic site lighted baker island lighthouse maine acadia national park primarily harbor entrance light guiding vessels frenchman bay light keeper william resident acre island remained keeper twenty removed reason lost history sons resented dismissal father continued live island harassing keeper opportunity squatters joseph elisha virtually prohibited keeper free access island landing island
frequently visited light stations active days lighthouse atlantic city jersey authorized light completed lighted january built supervision lt george meade brick tower erected stone foundation resting wood platform rose feet air keeping role primary seacoast light board installed order lens tower purpose guide ships past brigantine shoals wrecks section coast frequent appalling ten months light service single wreck reported increase effectiveness board tower painted white wide red band middle board changed marking orange tower black middle band lighthouse bureau discontinued light july electric beacon steel pier replaced station buildings disappeared subsequent tower remained standing coast guard gave tower city restored historic structure today tower centerpiece city park board planned put screw pile structure ship john shoal named ship john sank heard disaster cross ledge called construction ship john shoal lighthouse finally put building caisson base structure prominent caisson structures fourteen foot bank lighthouse delaware bay
system aids navigation develop slowly coast south delaware bay north coast presented ways simpler lighting problem rugged coast england numerous islands ledges shoals precipitous shoreline presented innumerable obstacles shipping required variety types aids hazardous coast navigate gales storms lashed sea vicinity southern shore longer cleaner coast england part low sandy coast required tall light towers put light height mariner sufficiently sea wonder failure southern colonies develop aids navigation prior revolution important large england considerable maritime activity revolved southern ports course aids navigation southern shore heretofore realized historians past accepted statement light mouth savannah river lighted aid navigation point article based records colonial georgia appeared georgia historical quarterly established dating earliest days colony existed island lighted beacon prior revolution north carolina important entrances sounds inlet
arrived scandinavia found place norway sweden denmark today shape fact visible norway sweden buried deep immense ice cap greenland today ago ice began retreat summer summer glaciers ice sheets melted winter winter grew grew melted melted retreated spread layer layer clay studying layers geologists able trace map receding ice marks ice printed face scandinavia immense weight moving slowly irresistibly planed tops granite mountains left large areas today plants footing bare scraped rock broken debris mountaintops rolled crushed millions tons ice reduced rounded boulders small gravel fine clay ice left desolate landscape lifeless empty buried deep beneath mass broken debris melting ice torrents muddy water flushed vast quantities clay gravel spread land torrents cascading ice cliffs scooped gullies ravines moraines riding backs glaciers deposited ridges gravel snaking miles waterlogged land provide natural highways animals soon arrive scene
process took centuries hunters fishers lived meant merely hunting grounds smaller fishing grounds bigger fact hunting grounds support limited small number shrinkage forest land bring severe competition living space inhabitants settled seashores helped diet seafood places shores denmark ridges look ancient grass grown gravel banks fact rubbish dumps kitchen stone age hunters fishers lived built thousands millions preserved rubbish refuse lived thousand hunted food forest gathering sea remains rich varied danish archaeologists actually able film reconstructing kitchen settlements tall blue eyed fair haired scandinavians skeletons found buried shallow graves scooped empty shells bones huts families lived skeleton found bog finely polished slender arrow head embedded breastbone standing straight roof mouth painful death died
knows builders similar tombs exist atlantic coasts europe britain biggest ireland idea certainly originated mediterranean lands tombs coming religion spread seafaring missionaries built colonists looking live prospectors looking metals settle denmark metals possibly traders metal knows barrows numerous denmark southern sweden farther north types fact danish invention spread norway land stone baltic finland study remain mystery dating doubtful nearest say built thousand bc bc things obvious tombs sort built large numbers working team trouble felt settled home place ceasing wander beginning settle villages surprising villages recently discovered excavated archaeologists clusters simple huts imagined neolithic village denmark contained houses feet road shorter ran wide stone paved road
french namesakes apache indians termed treacherous cruel thieving immoral cowardly bloodthirsty cunning brutal murderous truth adjectives terms applied large group thieves murderers cowards liars cunning brutal tribe laws police judges courts jails apaches spite reputation killers human family lovers religious today call apaches picture inhuman savages truth matter lies gallons black ink writing apache indian spanish mexican american blood spilled hundred apache indians number news item written apache indians indian tribe north america printed word film tradition paint apache indians villains story nearly spanish mexican american writers practice report commissioner indian affairs stated testimony knowledge apache concur pronouncing rascally indian continent treacherous bloodthirsty brutal irresistible propensity steal scourge mexico depopulated villages abandoned fields chihuahua sonora faithfully attest grave doubts expressed process short extermination suffice quiet
american indians apaches relatives asiatics region northern asia home mongoloid races untold thousands look chinese mongols asiatics early asiatics forced homelands drought famine pressure warlike groups moving south west migrated siberia migration begun early lasted opening christian era anthropologists believe speaking indians carried baggage cultural items tailored fur skin clothing moccasins snowshoe toboggan bow arrow bow arrow incidentally reached southwest apaches earlier traveled southward mexico south america shortly spanish arrived beginning christian era tribes haida broke main group moved northwest coast southern alaska british columbia hundred headed pacific coast kato half dozen tribes california speaking peoples stayed interior alaska northern canada eventually spreading differentiating tribes today names beaver carrier hare slave caribou hunting tribes live rocky mountains hudson bay
coronado didn find gold silver run apache indians reported buffalo hunting nomadic indians living conical pole framed hide covered tipis high plains north canadian river texas panhandle spanish report tells beginning plains cattle spanish called buffalo met indians called terraced houses pueblo indians live houses carried poles put camping places order sort shack houses fasten poles top spread base covering thing cattle buffalo hides carry contemporary spanish descriptions certainly fits later arizona mexico plains indians nomadic bison herds dressed skins dogs beasts burden worshipped sun farmed favorable river valleys summer months friendly terms easternmost pueblo indians carried thriving trade bartering buffalo hides buckskins meat corn beans squash cotton cloth coronado found indians farther east north hunted buffalo lived tipis grass houses raised corn didn group called meaning east pueblo indians division widespread speaking peoples southern plains wichita linguistic relatives known pawnee indians nebraska
spanish missionaries luck southern arizona jesuit missionaries moved san pedro santa cruz rivers arizona sonora north established half dozen missions farthest north located south later tucson apaches giving fits seventeenth century gila apaches consolidating hold western mexico split half dozen groups spread covered territory west rio grande pueblo country north southward mexican border begun raiding zuni acoma laguna pueblo towns harassed spanish caravans moving wagon road connecting el santa fe raiding southward chihuahua sonora early gila apaches migrated westward uninhabited high mountain country eastern arizona southeastern arizona formed effective barrier spaniards northern mexico newly arrived cousins southern arizona northern sonora century gila apaches eastern arizona gradually differentiated neighboring relatives known apaches white mountain apaches western apaches today southeastern arizona apaches plains suddenly found necks trouble comanches loose comanches number nomadic speaking tribes southern wyoming making living hunting gathering opening eighteenth century began getting horses south expanding range southward source supply
final dramatic act apache indians struggle freedom began signing treaty guadalupe hidalgo united states took north gila river later gadsden purchase gave united states responsibility rest apache territory south present international boundary spaniards tried vain subdue stubborn apaches mexicans luck short quarter century rule americans turn took nearly accomplish trick military columns creaking supply wagons united states army began rolling southwest apaches pleased thought newcomers white eyes chase hated mexicans apache watchful eye rolling guns lines soldiers gave trouble wasn apaches war let americans mexicans fight south mexico temptation proved resist horses mules supplies vanish cover darkness seldom american troops success mexicans overtaking punishing apache raiders apache thieves captured animals recovered peaceful interlude didn signing peace treaty mexico according article treaty united states government supposed wards apaches southwestern indians home north border stray south raids united states supposed punish offenders pay mexicans losses inflicted indian marauders
general james carleton california troops chased confederate forces texas tired building roads housekeeping chores army posts wanted action fight general carleton gave war mescalero apaches navajos began campaign orders kill mescalero put captive women children reservation newly established fort sumner pecos river east central mexico middle colonel kit carson mountain troops imprisoned fort sumner moved south mexico live apache groups west rio grande kit carson turned troops loose navajos navajos biggest southern tribe southwest numbering estimated country spectacularly scenic big rugged carson knew tough job ahead fort fort built southern edge navajo country gave navajos july surrender peacefully fort sumner date shoot resisted capture women children destroy crops sheep enlisted aid utes mexicans offered dollars navajo horse dollar navajo sheep turned army helped numerous bands heavily armed mexicans ute indians intent capturing navajo women children sold slaves navajos outnumbered carson troops guns gunpowder lead military match united states army
attempt lieutenant davis failed warm springs apaches jumped reservation headed mexico number boys fighting age women children geronimo nana chihuahua leading managed fourths warm springs reservation according information davis received later geronimo told indians lieutenant davis killed hanged murder learned truth small group split rejoined chihuahua large party left tried slip reservation spotted apache scouts hot trail decided strike geronimo fled safety sierra madres chihuahua band crossed mexico swept southward raiding ranches horses ammunition killing twenty finally escaped international border killing soldiers looting wagon loads government supplies general cook columns troops apache scouts mexico trail indians move designed prevent sneaking line raid loot guards water hole mountain pass border mounted patrols move night crook knew numbers troops seal border permanently slippery apaches southern arizona mexico citizens
september miles finally arrived camp skeleton canyon extended talks geronimo accepted surrender terms september geronimo followers heavily guarded train headed florida prisoners war apache scouts located camp helped persuade surrender apache scouts rewarded services government general miles giving considerable thought nearly warm springs apaches reservation fort apache indians remained peaceful latest uprisings nearly served scouts crook miles miles believed source danger acted geronimo getting prison train southern arizona miles troops rounded warm springs apaches fort apache put trains florida apache wars apaches left reservation small band women youngsters split deep mexican sierras remained early october decided return reservation north picked fifty odd mules ranch chihuahua ranch happened managed lieutenant davis resigned army previous davis ranch hands indians trail determined heading telegraphed information general miles
hunters occasionally hunting organized groups hunters armed bows arrows offerings prayers hunting accompanied ceremony ritual deer important big game animal apaches eastern apaches course hunted buffalo game animals included antelope elk mountain sheep cottontail rabbits wood rats apaches wouldn eat fish snakes frogs today maintain strong taboos eating touching lives water stem ancient religious beliefs apaches superstitious regarding birds animals bats bears snakes bad omens hunted badger beaver otter fur killed trapped birds eagle feathers raid centuries recognized part apache economy loot glory cattle mules horses garnered raids furnished considerable portion apache meat supply starved apaches consider raids stealing believed chance mexicans navajos began raiding mexican ranches pueblo indian villages early date ate sheep goats stole eventually began raising animals formed major part economy case southern apaches gila apaches western apaches raided spanish mexican settlements seriously attempted raise stock horses cattle easy acquire raiding actually apaches didn need horses prereservation days moved restricted area farming gathering hunting
wants study art shipbuilding historical science finds short illustrative material start pyramids ruined temples treasures found tombs pharaohs look easy study egyptian art architecture lecturing gothic cathedrals problem abundant number representative examples preserved excavation pompeii aroused widespread interest roman art research knowledge art antiquity unthinkable availability adequate study material comes ships original historical vessels handed fair say recorded history art shipbuilding exist lack material research investigation question encouraging discovery sufficient evidence largely secondary nature research ancient known extremely interesting branch art worthwhile gave rise publication book material consist secondary evidence consists graphic representations historical evolution ship deduced prehistoric rock paintings paintings nile boats walls royal tombs ancient egypt paintings greek vases early medieval miniatures showing ships lines building plans ships renaissance baroque periods marine paintings drawings centuries naive ship portraits popular later period early photographs sailing ships century contemporary models vessels perished primary evidence scattered easy find
pleasant design human need decoration concerned shipbuilding art classifying differentiate basic shape ornamentation added search vain literature comprehensive presentation history art shipbuilding reason research beset difficulties start material drawn authentic sources number excavations ships parts large numerous enable original ship reconstructed minimum guesswork technical drawings renaissance technically correct models baroque period small number actual ships past preserved museums exhibition sites large numbers pictures ships draw utmost caution judging ships past looked especially comes considering ship art artist obliged paintings faithful reproductions originals liberty alter shapes ships add embellishments likes goes models ships receptacles form ships intended ornaments symbols votive ships means easy layman specialized knowledge naval architecture art historian regarded appreciate aesthetic appeal ship expert differentiates underwater body ship live part part hull water dead
brueghel workshop produced pictures types caravel galleon types obviously originated mediterranean assumed caravel developed fishing vessel galleon belongs family galleys purely sailing craft dimensions large swedish caravel recorded national archives ft ft beam drew ft height aft ft waterline half deck ft hut ft forecastle ft caravels generally lower assume wa obviously mastered perspective ships pieter brueghel artistic licence drawings works credited unqualified authenticity slim lines low indication galleons related galleys beak projection galleys called maintained ram obviously suited century engravings show simpler form consisting knee simply fastened stem took function serve support rigged additional square sail forward stem renamed
obvious important part ship models played construction warships centuries sea powers considerable trouble times peace hold ship models enemies known dutch war famous english master peter carried ship models safety dutch admiral de approached english coast questioned later replied models enemy actual captured ships end century russia started build warships czar peter stayed holland england order learn shipbuilding brought home valuable ship models formed basis present collection models leningrad maritime museum owners small boat building yards models craft spare models frequently reveal builders certainly home saws planes familiar part ship knew determine dimensions small chisels rasps drills files finer woodwork place large hands wooden pegs thin nails simple wood screws practical spoilt look model models kind certainly accurate pretty hand considerable documentary large maritime museums smaller regional museums coastal towns house vast numbers models coastal fishing vessels recent origin
mast kingdom nearly legs meeting top end kingdom mast replaced single mast subsequently commonly legs mast rested steps boat deck held kind iron yoke upper part connected cross pieces mast looked ladder occasionally legs mast simply tied rope held pegs top strip metal projected top mast help fixing stay fourth dynasty mast supported stay masthead stern post aft later added mast steadier mast steadied laterally ropes large numbers illustrations kingdom ships egyptians drew ambiguous making run side mast quarter fact fast face mast set port starboard led angles ship peculiarity drawing mast looks set legs line fore aft actually stood astride sail reliefs kingdom higher wide extends masthead topmost plank hull tapering slightly foot canvas bent yards top visible lower frequently hidden bulwarks pieces gear
ships built banks oars galley slaves sitting levels staggered hinder principle underwent variations course banked warship heavy replaced end century banked vessel beam ft length ft fine lines ingeniously designed hold crew hundred banks oarsmen military command group presumably handle sails light easily vessels reach speed knots marble pedestal winged victory samothrace stands louvre represents small part bow end century ships developed tendency enormous changing basic conception ships built unusable difficult banked vessels alexander ten eleven banked ships built invention heavy machinery catapults thirteen banked ship needed eighteen hundred move demetrius constructed sixteen banks end century ptolemy proudly launched forty banks ft ft beam figure head rose ft water thousand oarsmen lowest bank handle oars ft needed push monster heavy ceremonial occasions
exterior interior decorations ships wood antique ships ornaments metal proved bronze ornaments ships sweden exists gilded weather vane viking ship antwerp possesses number cast iron masthead decorations baroque period examples paris amsterdam venice show care lavished ships lanterns especially attractive feature hanging compasses suspended ceilings captains cabins chandeliers occasionally plates coats arms cast bronze iron carved wood red gold lions bows larger ships survived end century replaced brightly painted full length figures portraying ship development progressed quarter length figures simple white bust century despite admiralty directives reduce amount ornamentation tradition superstition deep roots seafaring difficult enforce laws final aim figure heads altogether royal navy college portsmouth actually conducted art classes express purpose introducing apprentices art wood carving admiralty injunctions result reduced groups figure heads proportions fairly common nelson winking horatio reveal humorous touch doubt attributed influence contemporary cartoonists armour plated ships order navies nations adopted heraldic devices shields ornamental accessories
roughly true means transport obvious shape layout ships influenced structure cosmological system cultures ship addition means transport technical instrument economy sense sanctuary temple object religious importance ritual design ornamentation vessels seldom profane expression religious concepts related intimately essence culture ornamentation religious nature holy pictures roman catholic church certainly found european shipbuilding connection looser religious element embrace ship related individual ship merely carry picture saint named foregoing paragraphs compared primitive western shipbuilding art forms connected asian cultures relationship art shipbuilding stands mid extremes ships works art occupy independent position cultures primitive peoples autonomous entities marked western culture belief ship living fairly general peoples western sphere expressed putting eye side bow decoration james account strange custom seen southern coasts europe asia china atlantic ocean account later clearly points identification deity hindu pantheon coasts india ceylon
barter system full ceremony peaceable exists inhabitants territory south west guinea notorious head hunters head hunting matter retribution village area sets head hunt nearly act revenge heads cutting heads enemy village taking home reparations war barter deeply rooted religion important religious celebrations hand hand head hunt celebrations play part promotion fertility group held fairly regular intervals need head hunt arises frequently villages undertake regular raids constant reason vengeful attack district live marshy area delta number large rivers transport land impossible rivers inlets interconnecting channels tidal numerous islands islets reached water boats case dugouts size indispensable traffic houses fields village form contact distant localities canoe entire social economic relies water borne transport dugouts head hunting friendly contacts neighbouring villages boats considered sacred objects virtue decoration consecration prior launching
decisions embark hobby include want collect want later chapters talk consider picking album advantages joining forming stamp club stamp dealers help stamps want things want stamp collecting began england shortly appearance formal stamps united states stamps date doubt youngsters began collections shortly think exciting collect postal history collection included stamps issued united states wouldn need album pages house collection united states stamps issued require massive album hundreds pages national stamp collection smithsonian institution washington mounted glass frames takes space big room travels washington future sure visit smithsonian look collection stamps won chance hobby events featured united states stamps times stamps today spotlight issues important daily lives instance stamps warn dangers drug abuse stamps encourage conserve wildlife country
visit school public library give opportunity look stamp publications library journals ask subscribe ask list stamp publications write publisher send sample copy charge find names addresses publications interest page copies look carefully advertisers offer meet specific needs compare offers prices quoted publications similar material order mail orders small chance familiar dealers methods quality stamps offered pricing system beware free offers hook attached advertisement offers free packet stamps hope getting buy stamps accompany free stamps stamps mounted books price stamp expected select stamps want return payment stamps write company ask selection obliged pay return failure involve parents exchange letters hassle postal authorities dishonest generally approval selection receive inexpensive send payment soon receive selection bit costly
picking album important decisions called stamp collecting wrong choice leave album pages fill leave stamps space provided solution close look sorting completed determine habits wishes collector find album fits collecting patterns instance going collect stamps decide deeply involved want going limit collection recent commemorative regular issues need album space envelopes postal cards revenue stamps postage dues specialized varieties decide kind collecting going buy album afford mounting stamp collection big job album small needs job switch larger album cheapest albums bound look regular books permanently bound albums loose leaf variety removable pages makes add pages added advantage add pages remove pages want insert blank pages areas stamps deciding kind album buy
minutes lay snug sleeping bag wondering brought sound sleep eerie silence land arctic wind slightest breeze moved sides tent sound tents nearby sleep return events evening chasing mind arrived edge arctic ocean afternoon pictures search fishing waters canadian government don hamilton pilot flew low tundra carefully studied surface bay noting direction waves moving told wind direction safe landing brought aircraft headed wind began descending plane aluminum floats settled gently clear water don turned plane taxied rocky shore base sheer cliffs tied plane boulders unloaded camping equipment carried slope side bay cliff sheltered strong west wind look water tents stand kent peninsula evidence eskimos outsiders recent times began prepare evening meal needed fish assembled spinning rod hiked slope edge bay shiny red silver lure sailed water splashed gently landed
boggy meadows ridges piled broken rocks plants cover earth tundra bursts flower brilliant color brightens greening landscape fluffy white heads arctic cotton grass bend breeze yellow poppies deep purple tiny pink flowers moss campion color slopes tundra arctic plants flourish source energy arctic wildlife plants temperate regions earth tropics cycle begins sun photosynthesis magic biological process green plants sun energy convert combination carbon dioxide air water minerals soil forming basic sugars starches nourish plants combine nitrogen form proteins food chains harsh living conditions arctic variety plants found farther south abundant growth known temperate tropical regions arctic surprisingly rich adapted northern wind cold dryness thin soil botanists found species flowering arctic plants flowering plants growing season short mature produce seed single summer perennials reproducing roots rhizomes rhizomes stems runners form roots contact moist earth arctic plants developed specialized ways conserve moisture leathery leaves low stems growing close ground wind shallow root systems thrive thin soil permafrost
davis learned north weather natural history helped later explorers continue search northwest passage famous henry hudson ship known hopewell hudson sailed crew boy son astounding plan mind hudson knew problems met john davis knew ships lost arctic disappointment quest northwest passage face simply planned sail north pole pacific ocean regions knew henry hudson brand courage greater skilled level headed sea captain realize plan impossible summer sail deeper arctic reached latitude record stood centuries stopped ice hudson beaten ice blocked passage trip cruised east coast north america discovered mouth mighty river sailed river miles today river named city york stands mouth fourth final trip searching elusive northwest passage led hudson north country ship discovery parts story mystery
free enterprise nations structural framework industrial economy embraces groups primary industry includes agriculture covering forestry fisheries mining basic primary industries goods produce derived earth crust including oceans turn products agriculture mining raw materials secondary industry agricultural products fresh vegetables directly consumers secondary industry raw materials products primary industries domestic foreign origin processed techniques agricultural products typically fed food processing plants paper making building construction industries market outlets similarly mineral products mining industry utilized number vital ways wide range processing industries cover power generation steel production fabrication nonferrous metal fabrication fertilizer production processing techniques chemical pharmaceutical building decorating communication cosmetic defense electronics industries techniques embrace manufacture types machine assemblies farm implements automobiles appliances airplanes ships items machinery tools lists means exhaustive mentioned merely give sort indication secondary manufacturing industry derives raw material agricultural mining industries course complex economy operate materials produced stored factory door order distribute manufactured products consuming sectors public component economy produces services
rate relative possibility economically mining deposits minerals broad classes follows natural concentrations economically minerals high low grade capable mined profitably obviously deposits waiting discovered class represents present mining target mineral concentrations grade known undiscovered present costs levels technology mineral market prices class generally low grade justify mining operations future class occurrences exhausted class fit target dispersed minerals rocks earth crust common rocks forming minerals quartz silicate minerals potentially minerals widely dispersed low grade economic prices ruling present foreseeable future seen production minerals economic mining techniques confined covered class considerations approach study modes localized mineral deposits occur acquaint terminology mining industry definitions mining terms listed glossary end book accepted methods classification economic mineral deposits localized concentrated nature classify according mode form deposit modes occurrence recognized veins simply fissures fractures fault planes rock mass filled precipitation minerals solutions injection mineral material depths earth
classical methods steep narrow veins ore wall rocks reasonably strong known shrinkage figure ore block prepared excavating series chute raises distance feet lower level connected top entrance chute provide easy passage broken ore pass chute undue blockage chute gates erected bottoms chute raises control flow broken ore ore cars ready commence hypothetical case holes drilled horizontally end raise quantity ore blasted flow directly nearest chute prevent ore spilling main end raises barricade provided end barricade consists round wooden timber wedged hanging walls foot walls foot intervals hardwood planks spiked vertical arrangement ore mined proceeds slowly upward planks extending barricade upward leaving room workmen tools enter ventilating air pass slices ore feet high stripped sufficient broken ore left provide working platform miners support walls excavation ore progressively drawn chutes controlled manner allow swell factor
middle east known bread basket days extremely fertile land mesopotamia river valleys tigris euphrates produced food warmer climate longer growing seasons biblical garden eden farming highly advanced area natural trade routes established western europe middle east period trade routes passed mesopotamia trade effected flint salt amber pottery agricultural products later ivory spices gold metals france deposits flint greatest developments civilized advancement neolithic period occurred middle east mesopotamia persia iran media iraq arabia saudi arabia syria jordan figure flint stones raw materials fashioning tools implements weapons powder form decorative purposes later lead metals metal attract attention gold gold found glittering water holes placer gold free native gold rock outcrops gold naturally collects stream deposits pure times heavier water gold found soft tool implement valued charm enduring yellow glitter malleability ductility purity fineness gold expressed number parts thousand pure gold alloy terms confused unit weight gemstones
egypt began large deposits massive stone build monuments tombs pyramids honor kings dynasty egypt possessed abundance durable limestone granite alabaster copper widely introduced form stonemason tools accurate cutting shaping stone blocks pyramid construction pyramid built king cairo stands today height feet desert oldest standing structure largest pyramid approximately feet square base covers acres stone blocks averaging tons weight quarried construct height feet blocks weighed tons regarded wonders ancient pyramids structures edifices stone erected nile massive blocks form artistically sculptured statues egyptians stonemasons egyptian obelisks stand cities rome york paris london egyptian carving alabaster called onyx marble translucent peach colored alabaster carved jars vases figurines outstanding beauty exquisite articles carved egyptian craftsmen admired famous museums egyptians derived copper ores mainly malachite turquoise complex phosphate copper aluminum wadi sinai peninsula east gulf suez
king david israel son solomon entered friendly trade relations powerful king hiram tyre artisans israelites solomon engage phoenician craftsmen materials build temple jerusalem solomon temple supported carved columns overlaid gold palace contained halls lined statuary walls ceilings cedar decorated gold leaf knows source gold materials western side wadi miles north eilat place called copper mined today large copper belt tall red sandstone cliffs known pillars solomon guard entrance solomon copper mines valley blacksmiths apparently slave miners worked small surface exposures rich copper ore egyptians sinai peninsula south earlier king solomon copper smelters located jordan east place called figure apparently operated earlier phoenicians recent exploration copper smelting carried major periods era egyptians phoenicians romans century copper produced smelters bartered gold ivory perfumes spices incense asia traded inland trade routes maritime trade route set king solomon king hiram tyre built navies based important outlet red sea indian ocean
columbus voyages attempt sought passage islands asia true cipangu believed exist landing coast honduras revealed unexpected treasure natives metal mining metalworking developed methods copper smelting working veins silver gold occurring hinterland collecting booty expedition moved southward eventually broke problems ship maintenance failing health morale fortune seekers setting sail expeditions mounted cuba settled spanish possession cordoba discovered yucatan later velasquez cuban governor dispatched nephew returned collection treasure form golden ornaments traded trinkets subjects montezuma powerful emperor aztecs velasquez hernando cortes aztecs colonize land friendly encounters montezuma intrigue desperate fighting cortes took tenochtitlan mexico city tremendous hoard gold spain unfortunately flaws approach priceless artistic golden ornaments melted solid gold bars worth million dollars infinitely ornaments treasure reach charles spain captured sea french pirates eventually found francis france wealth raw gold silver delicately exquisitely worked ornaments objects art accumulated aztecs tribes difficult describe
technological mining problems persisted base metal mines coal mines advent steam power cornish pumps threshold industrial revolution need metals agricultural war purposes demand rose tremendously industrial revolution introduction cornish steam pump boon english copper mining tin mining industry century mining cornwall peak cornwall vein tin generally occurred copper deposits black tin output increased tons elizabeth reign tons tons tons mines worked alluvial operations cage hoisting german mining engineers mountains introduced explosives engine output base metal mines increased steadily course economics precious metal production europe overshadowed cheaper costs mining high grade deposits latin america competition output mine famous cerro de pasco mine peru accidentally found produced ore copper silver gold silver reached million dollars important developments mineral production occurred coal age mexico bonanza discovered hidalgo million dollars worth silver extracted mine district don jose de la extraordinary profits la silver mine
early pioneering development coal cutting machinery undertaken british engineers early willie brown iron mechanical robot designed follow actions stronger frequent blows pick later similar principle effort provided horse improved methods involved circular steel disc acting rotating knife blade cut coal main problem devices need suitable form power actuate lord cochrane introduced compressed air replace steam disadvantages underground situations coal cutting machine operated compressed air introduced circular disc set horizontally number hardened pick points mounted periphery disc diameter varied models feet successful cutter lancashire coalfield united states coal seams regular thicker compressed air operated cutting machines bar type machine introduced consisted circular tapered bar set teeth cutters applicable soft seams disadvantageous cut continuous kerf conditions disc type impracticable electricity introduced replace compressed air operation coal cutting machines readily accepted miners suspicious safety mine owners eager face additional capital outlay percent coal mechanically cut underground coal mines britain
north america rest northern hemisphere major glacial stages pleistocene america known wisconsin dates roughly ago subdivided cold climatic phases warmer extent ice cover individual phases wisconsin generally believed parts alaska remained ice free period ago ice sheet surged maximum extent buried canada fig water evaporated sea deposited snow high lands ice caps sea level period sank metres feet coastlines changed asia linked alaska area known bering sea opening route animals moving eastwards arctic search grazing pursuit game bridge isolated event geologic history sea levels ice caps interact part dynamic climatic change according scientists bering bridge formed flooded wisconsin forming ago linking continents ago extent ice cover ago maximum blocked routes ice free areas alaska ice free areas south ice sheet
territory vast keeping strictly proved appears extended newfoundland south hudson bay region arctic archipelago greenland occupied west south east coasts type animal moved land sea mammal whale directed skill ingenuity hunting winter dens sod walls ceiling skin knew soapstone material carved blubber lamps bowls cooking pots art sake practical form design living occurred ad sculpture decorative art spread dorset area explosive force reached peak cultural development vision desire sledges dogs kayak skill hunt equipment adapted sea exception piece crude traces dorset culture eric red greenland settlers found ad culture canada driven hunting territory arctic coast ad flood gates opened alaska release culture crush swallow tribe village happened path relentless advance eastwards arctic
factor eskimo philosophy concerned greater mystery master power concept called force evil impersonal force invisible air sense eskimos venture guess simply accepted feared awe remote called force greatly feared called shape genesis known arctic eskimo contact sea power shape ruled creatures lived sea held sway storms fogs rain sleet west greenland version myth called greenland young orphan girl pushed side boat guardian wanted rid clung side boat cut fingers release grip sank bottom sea threw overboard dog lamp lived sea bed hair matted thick vermin fingers grip comb say sea creatures hide hair taboo broken released accord offender confessed swum bottom sea comb animals hair appease anger hunters depended food clothing blubber lamps
gun instrument death choose beauty precision piece parental advice understood originally eighteenth century lost meaning today firearms utilitarian mass produced barely decorated middle ages crude cannon appeared battle scene principle projecting missiles pre history hunted animals swifter sling propelled piece flint stone mature development principle bows arrows later place sling relied weapons help obtain food defend fellow thirteenth century gunpowder important weapons lance sword battle mace pole arms carried retainers knight sitting horse arrayed plate armour protected weapons stone arrow glanced armour close fighting dismounted mortally exposed protection wore chain mail beneath armour vulnerable europe peasants surveillance feudal system lord manor king held complete power subjects change system armour symbolic immortality feudalism perfection knighthood disputes knights settled single combat armour chosen regardless expense flexibility resistance
thought french english armies supporting claimants throne deccan european greater influence firearms industry india detachments sepoys armed service pattern muskets prevailed native armies figure indian preferred action bore indian gun smaller brown bess musket order upset loading operations cast larger bullets merely european lock fitted native native tribes north west enjoyed fine reputation shot accurately range hundred yards smooth bored feat attained brown bess surprising indians set store barrels cases technique barrel construction named damascus founder city damascus enjoyed reputation manufacturing fine blades sixteenth century steel obtained india soon natives country learnt secret steel tempering forging damascus barrel took weeks guns fitted comparatively expensive type barrel europe gun barrels cast piece iron east bits iron formed ribbons thickness finger twisted band wound round core welded twisted beaten cylindrical form bored
earliest form wheel lock crude parts mechanism seen early pistol italian origin dates figure sparks obtained holding piece pyrites flint jaws cock dog grooved wheel rotated mainspring released drawing linked chain apply form ignition operated manually short handgun pistol named italian town thought originated open action operated bad weather mechanism soon enclosed lock plate dagger shaped stock enlarged afford greater comfort shooter sixteenth century germany austria production fine weapons europe challenged rival appearance italy france lock mechanism improved minor additions remained unchanged century figure lock plate sealed intricate mechanism elements wheel protected cover later craftsmen exercise skill piercing engraving cover cast brass pan cover main function powder dry moment firing automatically drawn moment end century shaped cock springs tried crescent shaped curved springs adopted shape proved reliable
fertile region wedged desert north rain forest south sudan watered numerous river systems western sudan important rivers senegal river niger river senegal flows westward empty atlantic ocean niger takes roundabout flow sea headwaters southwestern corner africa western hump niger starts inland direction hundred miles niger change mind making grand sweeping curve southeast gulf guinea region niger direction known bend early negro civilizations developed western sudan mainly groups farmers lived villages scattered savannas worked fields villages growing food needs left trade villages inhabitants villages members large families headed oldest male member families village related descent common ancestors believed strong links established village intermarriage trade scattered villages larger towns cities located important river trade routes towns populations numbering thousands originally villages seeking excitement urban living greater opportunities earning living towns cities depended villages food towns concentrated crafts weaving cloth making jewelry producing household tools biggest business trade
earliest days ghana modern surveying techniques developed thought stake territorial claims defined boundaries reason today exact boundaries ghanaian empire knew exact points ghanaian territory began left scholars established heartland ghanaian empire set region western sudan northeast senegal river northwest niger river height power ghana controlled territories westward senegal river atlantic ocean southward point approaching headwaters niger river eastward region mighty niger makes southern bend northern side ghanaian empire edged trackless wastelands sahara draw rough outline ghanaian empire map africa looks today outer reaches empire include parts present african nations mauritania mali senegal guinea peoples lived region senegal niger rivers history region recorded groups hold political power known actually group related tribes tribe turn composed clans group families descended ancestor clans bore names curiously division labor kingdom correspond division tribes clans
arab conquerors middle east arrived africa western coast arab advance halted temporarily water edge narrow strait gibraltar lay spain rest christian europe arab warriors going let narrow strip water stop conquered morocco called moors arabs heard prize worthy attention negro kingdom south sahara seemingly inexhaustible supply gold arabs definitely interested getting hand look split forces columns northern force crossed strait gibraltar invade spain column strike southward caravan routes sahara seek source sudanese gold arabs moorish converts islam invasion spain proceeded splendidly forces islam spilled iberian peninsula penetrated pyrenees mountains southern france halted battle tours southern invasion column started ghana arab forces irresistible northern invasion southern expedition success fact invasion ghana turned flop surprise desert warriors attack repelled powerful ghanaian army arabs invasion force promptly thought thing gave idea conquest settled western sudanese towns joined berbers traders arabs failed attempt control western sudan established direct contact moslem negro worlds
remove speculate final answers question romans point analyze influences shaped roman character set rome path dominion certainly rome early history played important part earliest romans farmers hostile land matter urbanized rome later roman roots remained firmly fixed soil pioneer forebears romans inherited respect strength discipline loyalty industry frugality tenacity ancient values formally recognized romans mos ways fathers dominated outlook roman owed loyalties gods family earlier greeks cherished individuality roman subordinated personality greater forces law head family absolute power members household difficult roman move concept authoritarian authoritarian ultimately powerful emperor called father country service road distinction extension obligation romans felt families cicero rome greatest wrote nature endowed capacity administering public affairs put hesitation enter race public office hand directing government government administered greatness spirit manifest earnestness evident cicero advice clue roman character trait romans admired
transition form government accomplished relative ease conduct public affairs romans rebelled kings continued accept idea supreme authority called giving power king held romans hands consuls held consuls absolute veto acts institute change laws agreement consuls government early republic included senate assemblies beginning senate technically advisory council drawn fathers community words patricians membership assemblies drawn entire citizenry rome tribal foundation military basis actually dominated patricians history early republic history struggle common larger voice government social equality classes patrician plebeian sharply defined practically separate communities plebeians instance marry patrician class hold important office plebeians citizens served army paid taxes bit roman outlook tradition patricians basic difference religious status religious rituals performed patricians rituals prerequisites holding high office plebeians effectively barred advancement government society
caesar returned rome secure power roman defeating pompey support senate caesar surpassed senate authority fact sole ruler rome power pardoned enemies including cicero reinstated government worked mechanics stronger efficient administrative system undertook extensive colonization projects provided poor tightened laws crime usury kinds ostentation wearing pearls building elaborate planned highway italy gave rome western civilization julian calendar forerunner calendar today despite works acts clemency romans filled foreboding clear caesar meant power absolute conspiracy formed march caesar stabbed death senate conspirators caesar death rome lived turmoil struggle power combatants senate caesar heirs octavian grandnephew legal heir mark anthony caesar consul despite octavian caesar papers antony seized claimed mantle authority senate threw support octavian tractable mildness pose actually octavian wanted senate refused give occupied city army forced election office formed alliance antony caesar top lieutenants lepidus
november heavy rain poured florence terrible period gray cloudy wet october week showers seemingly end morning november starting heavier nonetheless happy thursday evening begin weekend fourth armed forces national holiday celebrating italian victory war forty saturday sunday weekend rain drenched tricolor italian flag flying buildings de symbol city florence making final plans days ahead minute shopping holidays stores elegant displaying christmas wares cafes sipped hot dark coffee talked holiday weekend exchanged views spectacular bank robbery place neighboring town gossiped centuries known occasionally discussed terrible weather terms vacations postponed rain attention paid reports swelling waters tributaries fed river flows florence stories flooding countryside threat florence history reported major floods city past surely modern methods devised prevent recurrence disaster
waters reached apartments floor early afternoon san niccolo disappeared sixteen feet water sky darkened swollen rainclouds continued pour water city river continued destruction fuel oil released basement tanks giving air oily red black serpent san niccolo navigable river wild applause greeted appearance rubber boat fought current owner cleaning store young friend aboard young brought words comfort san niccolo seemingly indifferent risk running sailed length street shouting words encouragement leaning windows promising bring milk water bread needy agreeing relay messages friends relatives district steered boat roofs submerged cars night fell san niccolo residents trembled fear survive night half submerged water light small flashlight appeared light small rubber raft going rounds help san niccolo street home maria awakened morning usual window heard sound dripping pulled blinds saw garden flooded muddy water unable street window unaware happened sure water coming earth hurried stairs living room
morning father gustavo cocci franciscan prior santa croce opened small door leave basilica chapel say early mass door opened rush water entered church slamming door shut saw enormous square front church filled swirling water rising statue dante center carried mud oil debris covering cars parked square aid monks father cocci hurriedly bolted huge doors church held short hours finally waters invaded magnificent building carrying present mud oil rising level nearly feet staining marble statues tombs line walls church waters entered superb pazzi chapel architectural perfection causing damage architect sculptor masterpiece intense water pressure cellar caused room famed museum santa croce explode submerging crucifix seriously damaging powerful fresco supper early morning waters rushed church thirteenth century building considerably altered seventeenth century holds tomb outstanding examples religious art inside church seventeen franciscan priests monks heard sound approaching waters quickly bolted heavy wooden door secure worked feverishly build added barrier waters piling benches high doors
engine hood family car power couple hundred horses respects real horses start wagon moving standing pull steep hills level roads backward automobile engine things needs extra machinery help start car moving moving steep hills move backward extra machinery transmission re going tell car need automobile engine engineers call constant speed constant power machine runs speed speeds designed amount required inefficient worst delivers power running fast power running slowly job pulling car calls opposite want lot power goes speed important want engine deliver greatest pull car starting car moving hardest start moving fairly easy moving rolling kinds engines electric motors steam engines turbines pulling hard slow speeds heavy jobs starting climbing pulling lightly faster speeds easy jobs steady travel level ground automobile engine adjust speed power job transmission
fluid clutch acts engine running slowly driving paddle wheel pushes oil slowly gently driven paddle wheel connected gears wheels turn engine driving paddle wheel speed driven paddle wheel gradually picks speed high engine speeds driven paddle wheel turns fast driving solid connection works fine automobiles car stops traffic signal slow running engine turn gears wheels driver wants steps accelerator pedal increasing speed engine car starts moving smoothly driver pay attention fluid clutch works clutches disk band types connect disconnect operated driver modern cars automatic control devices combine fluid clutches types disk band clutches planetary gears effective automobile transmission provide change speed power engine fluid clutch serves main switch connect disconnect power starting stopping smooths jerks caused action clutches controlled automatically valves water faucets turn depending speed wheels successful automatic transmission hydra introduced oldsmobile later adopted cadillac fine cars
adhesion ordinarily weak feel act solid materials liquids adhere solids raindrops windowpane small drop hits glass run stays place raindrops heavy weight small gravity pulls fall clouds small drop windowpane stops falling hits glass gravity pulling force strong overcome pull gravity attracts raindrop glass force adhesion adhesion forces ordinarily encounter gravity magnetism act considerable distances earth gravity pulls raindrops clouds clouds mile adhesion hand acts materials close scientists believe adhesion short range force molecules individual particles things noticeable separation molecules millionth inch means materials involved touching adhesion rarely powerful force ordinarily flat surface wet thin film liquid weak force accomplished taking advantage adhesive forces working inside fine tube tube called capillary job called capillary action suppose stick narrow tube glass water
henry grew spent minute didn school outdoors walked past town limits cornfields wheat fields climbed farmers stone fences roamed thickly wooded hills leafy gloom forest glide tree tree careful sound pretending indians lived woods eyes peeled animal tracks set traps father thought stalked proudly woods gun fished swam concord lakes streams hot england summers indian skill canoe winters skated frozen ponds home happy father pencil making business didn bring lot money family close knit loving remarkable thing henry thoreau boyhood remembered ecstasy harvard thoreau lone wolf necessity choice wore green coat chapel defiance rules required black didn black coat carried green wanted wear classmates thought purposely stayed student social expensive money didn thought ways spending pranks played library reading
friends bench front general store puffing clouds tobacco smoke watched concord townspeople hurrying errands enjoying pale warmth winter sun talked lot talk early country turmoil slavery issue talk secession south fate vast texas territory hung balance shrunk held knew talked concord citizens especially town character henry thoreau henry walden pond appeared going stay bit mighty lonesome folks henry aunt maria found happy snug fancy friends set chairs pine needles front cabin acted woods parlor wasn funny thing henry married thinking folks brother john loved girl wouldn pa didn thoreaus kind radical ways henry decided wasn marrying kind sociable kind join signed church wasn queer henry picked find woods thoreau lived walden pond busy part devoted providing necessities drew drinking water pond fished supper baked bread roasted tender young ears corn ashes wood fire hoed beans call believed living fullest
thoreau incensed countrymen saw war slavery evils children washington franklin sit hands pockets say painted chilling picture results unquestioning obedience imperfect common natural result undue respect law file soldiers colonel captain corporal privates powder monkeys marching admirable order hill dale wars wills ay common sense consciences makes steep marching produces palpitation heart doubt business concerned inclined thoreau warned civil disobedience danger presented tyranny majority contemporary readers thought leave senses americans considered infant republic beacon justice constitution bulwark thoreau considered majority polite saying makes impatient constitution provisions dissent american citizen dissatisfied government conducting affairs cast vote measures opposes circulate petitions denouncing government actions thoreau petitions vote feeble weapon protest abandon convictions bow greater number
encouraging natal indians organize effective political action gandhi helped form natal indian congress purpose exerting pressure south african government hoping widespread sympathy indians prepared carefully documented pamphlets outlining grievances distributed india south africa greater part task lay ahead gandhi anxious family india told natal associates arouse indian public opinion point exert pressure england england insist south african authorities adhere closely guarantees racial equality contained british constitution gandhi india months busied visiting newspaper editors writing reports addressing public meetings spoke unhappy plight indians south africa home supervise flurry minute shopping packing sons ten son widowed sister set sail south africa ship lay anchor durban gandhi talked captain group passengers natal indians political situation unable follow thread discussions looked harbor worried danger cholera talk trouble ashore took fatalistic attitude future choppy waters lay strange land set housekeeping guidance loving mother kind mother law missed
denying sons normal pleasures privileges boyhood gandhi offered rewards hard younger boys noses flour grinding stone gandhi nearby scampered play times oldest son balked discovered father planned future equal parts manual labor denial finished high school bombay returned south africa saw dreams business career profession smoke father flat assertion formal schooling waste wanted earn living gandhi enjoyed advantages english legal education gandhi decided legal training hindered aided learned hands dedicated service trouble earning bread subject closed feeling cheated misunderstood ripe fall love ran afoul father unyielding convictions gandhi thought child marriage disaster shuddered remembered tormented youthful jealousy lust lovely child bride dying father side sons mature took brides marriage gandhi question frustrated turn sulked finally consoled marrying secretly secret soon gandhi righteously enraged married father wishes cheated parents prerogative choosing daughter law
gandhi jail part series illegal border crossings test government put teeth restrictive legislation authorities immediately demonstrated meant business arrested october gandhi choice serving month sentence paying fine chose serve sentence term jail henry thoreau prescription peaceable revolution ironically prison library gandhi found thoreau essay civil disobedience gandhi thrilled saw principles fighting dedicated set words young american rebel thoreau massachusetts jail believed government imprisons unjustly true place prison gandhi jail transvaal heartily agreed considered patriots believed deliberately breaking unjust law performing service loved refusing party massachusetts support mexican war fugitive slave law thoreau tried demonstrate running counter ideals american justice gandhi loyal british subject broke laws south african government inconsistent higher laws british empire circumstances struggles underlying principle thoreau group sure justice ceasing conform power irresistible clogs weight gandhi found words directly applicable movement
evenings weekends delight pleasure loving young prince weekday duties filled gloom bad jawaharlal nehru home town days prince scheduled arrive authorities wholesale arrests congress leaders hopes carefully planned boycott arrests stiffen break emerging train station riding native sections city edward saw closed bazaars windows ominous silence filled troop lined streets spooky experience prince wrote later attempted maintain rigid majestic pose carriage order show risen insult insult dearest papa edward wrote king tell depressed british india don feel scrap fact say king hastened reassure son return mail understand depressed discouraged seen natives boycotted places intimidated gandhi assure spite empire visit giving pleasure natives allowed show gandhi tried encourage young issued public statement deploring violence bombay assuring prince indian held personally british protesting
supernatural bond indian peasants addressed mass meetings electric current pass brown audience didn matter closest hear saying women crowd barely wept joy presence divinely appointed lead darkness light sensed understood poverty ignorance misery spoke directly hearts slight figure dressed loincloth indian peasants saw freedom dignity masses india poor called gandhi mahatma soul protested vehemently title grew angry ascribed powers blind adoration age action embarrassing equally painful insisted ordinary trying seized opportunity puncture considered inflated estimate peasant wearing picture gandhi neck approached weeping joy announced mahatma cured paralysis gandhi retorted oblige taking photograph neck god villagers told visit dry gave water gandhi fools doubt coincidence influence god nonetheless pressed trying close kiss hand edge shawl millions indians believed received blessing catching glimpse
india seething unrest british investigating commission headed sir john simon arrived instructions recommend reforms fact indian representation commission served notice gandhi congress leaders british intent playing white masters inferior subservient tour indian cities commission greeted black flags heard millions indian knew english words shouting simon limited campaign civil disobedience met success gandhi called campaign eleventh hour police harassment parts country restrictions touched widespread demands bigger gandhi continued counsel restraint patience wasn end believed ripe india civil disobedience campaign jawaharlal nehru president indian national congress met lahore december announced goal full independence disappointed hopes dominion status india demanded unconditional rule gandhi tacitly agreed decide british commence atmosphere rising excitement country awaited gandhi decision months suspense salt suddenly mysterious word word power nehru wrote salt tax attacked salt laws broken simplicity gandhi choice focal issue dramatic appealing government held monopoly manufacture salt british law crime possess salt monopoly
imagine dawn history small smaller today distance hard tell difference group group large apes seeing group distance early stop wonder creatures talk creatures run legs run legs group early clothes modern simple weapons frightened group band apes differently frightened learned talked called language talked language felt friends group say ten boys girls lived part wood beach ten miles group lived walk wandered woods shore looking animals hunt crabs catch berries nuts group permanent camping place weeks months met frightened easy hide wanted
kinds discoveries began free mankind continual fear starvation tomorrow discoveries preserving food discovery agriculture discovered preserve fruits nuts pith palm trees learned planting seeds making gardens discovery neighbors important thing remember discoveries inventions helping advance discovery invention holds guinea learned cut palms chopping soft pith kind meal keeps weeks stock supply food feast needed tree cut depend neglect gardens peoples learned preserve catch fish hours fishing month days fishing gave major supply food satisfactory getting food discouraged hard preparing ground cultivating food crops fruit trees planted give fruit regularly provide getting sure supply food easier planting regular yearly gardens breadfruit trees south pacific islands cultivated trees learned preserve breadfruit pits hurricane island discovery food domesticated animals eating drive future dinner flocks sheep herds cattle horses reindeer
earlier times wondered built theories sky head tribes wondered living creature living living creatures hunted trapped fished learned deal ways animals birds fish kind brain curious classify things play game animal vegetable mineral place thing person guess big class things alive move animal things alive move vegetable things alive mineral pretty clumsy set classifications beginning correct answer animal standing loosely living creatures question bird fish answer biology ask mammal kind creature lay eggs protects body infant inside mother strong born answer yes start divide mammals kinds creatures live herds eat grass cows sheep goats kinds creatures eat animals includes lions tigers kinds creatures hands includes apes monkeys
modern anthropology began women specially trained universities say primitive peoples study human beings writing higher mathematics natural sciences religions differences able learn highly civilized country able learn faraway society culture marry bring children find food order give children idea want understand respect respect culture respecting primitive mean anthropologist give gained thousands civilization mean believe struggling find ways human beings live respect efforts reasons study stars insects earlier study difficult study size oneself study bigger smaller oneself generation generation observe sun write seen generation read human beings scientists scientists interested live human generation biologist bring generations white rats present generation resemble grandfathers scientist generation times grandchildren
anthropologist tries close anthropologist goes hunting fishing woman anthropologist holds babies lap strings beads flowers makes baskets anthropologist learns eat sorts unfamiliar foods dragonflies octopus blubber learns sit positions find uncomfortable cross squatting heel things understand kind living human beings legs finds feel move method studying sided anthropologist understands things savages understand feel exactly course speaks language language mother tongue sung sleep baby savages friends spend hours helping dictating stories slowly write patiently explaining related understand scientific difficulty disappears peoples remote parts begin learn modern machines learn writing medicine study modern learn quickly means think think carefully think birds
eskimo live northernmost margin coasts peninsulas islands arctic sea line trees grow learned live farthest north months sun rise horizon months sun shines frosts weather milder canadian coast islands high arctic waters open shores free ice gay flowers bloom air filled cries birds short eskimo live close danger danger caught blinding storms danger marooned breaking sea ice danger starving death wild weather keeps hunters home live close death afford care ask allowed die burden group dogs pull sledges precious hunters move distance winter choose death eating dogs disaster choose cannibalism death face harder requires continuous alertness bravery fortitude eskimo exceedingly cheerful jolly hopeful hospitable hard food welcome visitors traveling dangerous especially family travels weeks frozen wastes eskimo travel deal trips
ways war games sport contests modern nations took part sport stealthy treacherous attacks approved taking enemy surprise real advantage small war party camp warriors fought fierceness killed party set revenge earlier defeat main object kill enemy win honor glory horses oneself band horses captured band build warrior fame establish firmly reputation leader party lent horses younger raids horses hunting raiding racing moving camp gifts publicly publicly announced camp crier horses changed hands times band tribe captured recaptured war parties attacks tribes traded visited dances ceremonies officially enemies learned captives war lived captors learned speak language explained things tribes custom spread fast tribe things differently explanation things indians lived plains similar
contrast need order peace tribe need extreme bravery facing enemy greater cheyenne regarded warfare mainly test character plains indians cheyenne continually gave horses honor show generosity need horses separated horse stealing warfare special raids point prove bravery horses warfare concentrate showing bravery boy twelve fourteen real buffalo hunt rule hunt join war party boy ten eleven volunteer older tease frighten moment fighting chance show courage boys decided want warriors allowed wear women clothes war parties storytellers entertain evenings camp bolstered courage taking vows special kind dog soldier warrior wore sash pegged front battle dog soldier stay war party retreated companions drove blows short whip tired risks let known wished retire wanted dog soldier dream buy
known forest peoples west africa part nation ghana ashanti set career conquest seventeenth century succeeded gaining control large number neighboring tribes spoke related languages nineteenth century stood british campaigns finally subdued ashanti forest dwelling lived hunting gardening cattle kind scattered small groups jungle dense undergrowth closed paths soon cut simple tools weapons depended trade iron cloth things earlier driven savannahs forest north horses arabs explorer anthropologist visited ashanti predicted warlike raided took captives sold slaves europeans gradually extended control quarters million guess build capital city kumasi seen europeans nineteenth century kumasi miles circumference broad clean avenues lined handsome houses stories height king palace hundred rooms courts sparkling color filled treasures received trade arabian north forest europeans end narrow trails coast
story lived cities builders businessmen explorers adventurers kings soldiers sailors thousand ago ventured wide traveled caravans mountains deserts sailed small wooden boats unknown seas colonize prospect raw materials trade buy sell strange peculiar ways beliefs beginning cities commerce travel inventions discoveries change human beings living earth million wide ranging travel exploration trade began ten thousand ago earth human beings lived creatures finding food shelter gradually invented ways living hunters stalking trapping beasts stronger fiercer learned tools weapons clever apes learned invented languages learned fire women stitched warm fitted clothing hides furs animals hunt terrible winter cold ice age human beings creatures ways fire gave warmth comfort heat cooking light hours sunset tools weapons language share adventures try find explanations learn past experiences plan ahead future
city sumerians part land rivers called sumer knows exactly wandered east iran india hunters plains southern mesopotamia turned farming arid mesopotamian plains skillful making river waters working teams dug canals irrigation ditches water fields hunting days lived worked large families tribes clans clan protecting god clansmen built shrine farming prospered periodically showed gratitude god building larger grander shrine eventually shrine temple members clan priests devoting caring temple conducting ceremonies worship sacrifice built houses temple gradually began farming village grew town townspeople began trade rivers selling grain hill level fields farm exchange took timber needed building later copper tools weapons hill mined mountains town city fifty hundred ago cities sumer kish lagash ur uruk names ur mentioned bible city abraham patriarch born cities sumerians
human advances writing small simple beginning began potters decorating clay pots vases potter merely design dots squares triangles pleasing arrangement wanted tell story pictures space pot jar kind picture shorthand ancient potters stick figures animals lines house tree draw parallel wavy lines water triangle mountain star sky pair horns ox picture writing shorthand picture stood object pictured step figure parallel wavy lines understood mean water sound word signs put single word sounds pictures meaning oldest writing found limestone tablet fifty hundred ago sumerian city kish signs head hand foot farm implement threshing grain signs picture form read pictures able understand say kind puzzle called pictures represent words syllable syllable solve puzzle sound object picture picture cape picture bull read cape bull capable
roman father duty boy lifting arms token true son house furnish scanty list seventeen choice limited naming eighth birth accompanied religious ceremonies feast kinsfolk invited named enrolled family register care protect malignant influence evil eye hanging round neck gilded round plate metal leather gentle birth wore till assumed dress manhood laid possibly assume attained crowning honour roman aspire drawn triumph slope capitol nursed mother case freeborn woman mother exclusive charge say ordering roman mothers shut sisters greece played small part affairs witness histories legends matters purpose fact fiction wives stirred husband seize throne turned son purpose besieging rome began education citizen soldier swimming riding throwing developed strength body
studies interesting roman boy schoolmaster called aid emulation feel sure says practice remember employed teachers useless accustomed divide boys classes set speak order powers taking turn according proficiency performances duly estimated prodigious struggles victory head class considered glorious thing conceivable decision month brought vanquished opportunity renewing contest victorious encounter led success relax efforts feeling vexation impelled vanquished disgrace defeat practice sure supplied keener stimulus learning exhortations teachers care tutors wishes parents schoolmaster trust emulation choice famous winchester line learn choice flogged liberally employed horace celebrates schoolmaster blows distinguished pupil teacher antiquity weapons employed ferule familiar schools north border ferule bamboo yellow cane grew plentifully islands greek archipelago southern italy notably cannae apulia gave scene battle
want modest merit moderate fortune give wants appointed government cicero takes son province starts campaign mountain tribes boy cousin young court native princes young ciceros writes atticus need rhodes atticus mentioned uncle anxious need case prince marching cicero help promised campaign finished marcus nearly fourteen cousin senior fond writes cicero learn amuse wants rein spur doubtless writer son fond dionysius teacher lads say apt furiously angry learned blameless live thought favourably let reluctantly thought tutor lads willingly ungrateful fellow lad half sixteenth cicero gave toga
roman politicians began public official managed money matters higher magistrates governor province elected rome posts assigned lot gaul public money pro minded governor diligently opportunity money works art laid hands greek cities asia europe rich audacious robberies island delos delos known island apollo legend birthplace god shrines frequented famous indifferent considerations stripped temple finest statues loaded merchant ship hired booty lucky secure islanders discovered theft venture complain thought governor governor proceedings impeached term office person safe terrible storm suddenly burst island governor departure delayed set sail weather question sea high town scarcely habitable ship wrecked statues found cast shore governor ordered replaced temple storm subsided suddenly arisen
audacious proceeding rob mere sicilian provincial simple roman citizen tributary kings heir house antiochus matched power rome young princes visited rome intending prosecute claims throne egypt contended mother times favourable suit returned country antiochus elder choosing sicily naturally visited syracuse residing recognized golden opportunity thing send visitor handsome supply wine olive oil wheat invite dinner dining room table richly furnished silver plate splendid antiochus highly delighted entertainment lost returning compliment dinner invited governor set splendour compare silver plate abundance cups gold adorned magnificent gems conspicuous ornaments table drinking vessel piece handle gold expressed delighted saw handled vessel loud praises simple minded king hand heard compliment pride message king lend beautiful cups excellency wished show artists special request cup suspicion danger
pirates show coping fleet fleet put sea citizen syracuse sort qualification task anxious appointed command governor paid attention coming tent pass dress stood shore scandal beholders sandals purple cloak tunic undergarment reaching ankles thought wholly unsuitable dignity roman magistrate fleet expected scandalously ill equipped part existed phrase paper proper complement names names drew treasury pay imaginary soldiers marines diverted pocket ships ill ill manned days sea put harbour crews driven satisfy hunger roots dwarf palm grew grows spot patron tent pitched shore sat drinking morning night employed tidings brought pirate fleet approaching ill prepared engagement hope complete manning ships garrison fort
country house loved villa latin town lying slope mount height sea notable hill england lived earlier generation orator model young cicero formed eloquence shared marius glory saving rome barbarians caesar elder kinsman dictator cicero house belonged walls adorned frescoes soldier victories neighbours wealthy wealthy ruled rome longer rule brother writes friend atticus spot rest toils troubles cicero speaks house describes general arrangements wrong borrow idea letter younger pliny tells friend country seats courtyard front plain mean pass small cheerful space enclosed shape letter passage covered court handsome hall side folding doors windows equally large left hand hall lies large drawing room smaller size window rising setting sun
belonged ancient family fallen poverty evil days nobles recovered power lost plundered murdered adversaries shown cruel wicked fellows satisfied grudges pretence serving party actually killed brother law hand evil deeds private character worst hinder rising high offices governor africa province covering region bears names tripoli tunis end government returned rome intending candidate met disappointment indicted province law permit charge hanging stand public office compelled retire soon found fancied found opportunity consuls found guilty bribery compelled resign enraged disgrace common plot powerful citizens suspected reason joined formed arranged consuls assassinated enter office rumour impending danger appointed consuls appeared sufficient escort conspirators agreed postpone execution scheme till early february
compelled resign office conspirators handed chief citizens bound safe custody produce called lower orders capital companions liberal promises regarded plans supposed plans considerable favour greatly moved cicero account discovered expect profit conflagration massacre disposed sides party order elements danger cities known determined effort clients family noblest wealthiest rome rescue custody powerful nobles strongly suspected revolutionists wealthiest rome openly charged complicity brought senate arrested actually charged tell knew gave account witnesses preparations fire massacre added bearer special message effect alarmed arrest march city delay rescue prisoners restore courage large charge incredible heard stake risk perilous ventures
inquisitive traveler lived herodotus roman writer cicero called father history herodotus born greek colony coast minor birth area control persians today part turkey young herodotus political difficulties native city obliged abroad beginning extraordinary career seeing sights gathering strange facts lived athens wise ruler pericles playwright sophocles golden age greek civilization traveled islands aegean sea visited egypt nile journeyed euphrates river view famed city babylon toured phoenician coast seeing lands lebanon israel amazingly ventured territory north black sea russia land occupied barbarians rarely entered civilized herodotus saw important sights probed matters history culture folklore met priests scholars princes collected information ordinary folk spin interesting tale sought learn things lands reach travels india western europe africa south egypt seventeen roaming herodotus began assemble mass material book polishing revising death supposedly book history war greece persia event herodotus youth covering fifty ending greek victory
bulk pyramid enormous blocks stone averaging half tons weight biggest blocks weigh fifteen tons blocks cut cubes foot high wide deep side side equator reach thirds napoleon visited pyramids led army conquest egypt calculated correctly pyramid smaller companions contained stone build wall ten feet high foot wide france area base pyramid large cathedrals florence milan st peter rome st paul london inside room left westminster abbey pyramid extraordinary size quality workmanship today original beauty pyramid huge structure viewed distance order simplicity perfection unusual shape closer range sees structure series rough stone blocks forming kind immense sided staircase energetic tourists climb tremendous stairs egyptian government forbidden grew dizzy fell present form pyramid raw power hugeness herodotus saw beautiful pyramid covered casing white limestone blocks smooth fine turned sides steeply sloping perfectly flat surfaces
pyramid oldest known true pyramid satisfactorily completed large pyramid bearing inscriptions say built grandeur final pyramid inspired son successor build splendid monument north architect employed outer shape pyramid impressively perfect interior structure shows evidence plan burial chamber carved rock beneath pyramid pyramid rose downward sloping corridor left open inside workmen chamber descending corridor known today entrance fifty feet ground north face pyramid runs hundreds feet structure lower levels stone blocks rock pyramid base corridor feet high half feet wide crawl ends underground room feet high feet feet wide original burial chamber pharaoh felt uneasy buried beneath millions tons rock architects vetoed idea decided abandon rock chamber let pharaoh mummy rest pyramid chamber wrongly called queen chamber modern arab guides built pyramid ground level
shipping services created opportunities largely economic political social europeans possibilities action expanded lower costs efficient movement goods ships enjoyed advantage land transport days dugouts water friction overcome land progressive improvements exploitation improvements expanded range potential action range chosen limited specific choice design shipbuilders shipwrights constrained choices improvements advantages gained specific innovations faced choice adjustments design decide prove profitable profitable broadest sense system means fully determined economy dictate profit opportunities shipbuilders turn led set social step historical process variety options open individuals economy constraints technical change list forces finite lengthy social change bounded techniques fully determined techniques chain economy technical change change society step question establishing sufficient conditions basis preconditions adjustment demonstrating obvious causal connection economic theory study economy nineteenth twentieth centuries failed establish direct consistent immutable connection economy technology
western provinces roman empire ruled series germanic kings leaders tribal groupings migrated empire sixth centuries remnants roman administration west gave stability government course seventh century disappeared loss spain invading muslims surviving german successor states continent lombard kingdom italy kingdom franks passing constitutional crisis resolved mid eighth century confused political support western northern europe left institutional support commerce development shipping direction technical change ship design reflection politics learning economy europe inherited roman language literature political institutions inherit roman practice ship design shipbuilding essential features roman ships formed starting point builders mediterranean middle ages northern central europe roman influence existing celtic practice surprisingly limited century romans built essentially types ships galley merchantman number groups variations basic designs identified differentiation types established middle millennium bc romans simply pursued possibilities created inheritance egyptians phoenicians greeks known galley powered oars relative width galley equipped sails merchantmen oars easy distinguish types shape hull
cargo vessels pressed naval service ships passed navy merchant marine expedition vandals emperor justinian fleet war vessels transports navy standing force naval bases shipyards reign justinian expensive relying heavily labour rowers slaves convicts paid sailors fact double fighting ships grappled valuable building technique changed warships merchant vessels capital expenditure outset lower offset high labour cost involved rowers sailing ships small unreliable effectively battle greater warships effective defensive weapon byzantine warships incendiary solution known greek fire effective short range major functions warships close enemy round ships greek fire according traditional story invented syrian left arab ruled homeland bring constantinople machines built fire invention arabs combination sulphur saltpeter petroleum liquid fired siphons large fitted bow additional flame throwers amidships poop largest defences
builders england ninth tenth centuries developed type oceangoing cargo ship origins scandinavian celtic called keel addition heavy central piece set contemporary vessels cog hulk keel development scandinavian rowing barge found began warship carrying tenth century cargo ship carrying goods especially north sea atlantic coast single square sail single mast angle posts sharper earlier rowing barges oars ends centre vessel open hold goods oars harbours hull built similar proportions contemporary scandinavian cargo ships length breadth ratio range boat found kent fit category ship primarily coastal trading vessel capable crossing channel ribs massive set close hull planks nailed ribs posts nearly vertical meeting keel angles practice found seventh century scandinavian vessels later abandoned ships sides square bottom met horizontally overlapping planking keel straight lower amidships ends advantage trying vessel beach designed simplest harbours
tune ship shorter ship metres length beam ratio thin planking elastic hull cross section tune ship rode lower water slanted markedly outward lie water spray heeled sail ship hand showed general weaker build vessel slightly ship twelve side lower freeboard ship pairs oars pleasure craft hard conditions warships typically faced foundation mast weaker ships fact broken pressure repaired large iron bands ship floorboards loose top cross timbers ship nailed place apparently need ship equipment food stored ship decorated fine carvings vessels place oarsmen sit presumably brought sea chests personal gear moved place row warships found denmark show characteristics ship dating mid tenth century rowing barge ship higher length breadth ratio
byzantine navy continued face challenge muslim challenge wax wane byzantine warships remained consistent design naval commercial situation changed worse arabs conquered island crete gaining control major sailing route egypt eastern shore mediterranean west position challenge greek commercial vessels aegean increased pressure fleets themes set defend coasts loss trade transferred arab shippers meant money byzantine empire theme fleets imperial fleet constantinople turn led decrease ability byzantium deploy adequate protection trade routes coast cost size navy grew expansion overcome arab strategic advantages mediterranean land christian muslim naval forces crete base pirates greek shippers forced rely local trade coasters smaller vessels typical cargo carriers empire remained ninth tenth centuries standard cargo carriers loss crete led loss sicily byzantines impossible navy command waters important outpost slow conquest arabs north africa completed capture naval base syracuse losses west meant loss byzantines trade tyrrhenian later adriatic sea
largest ships masts rare usual number raked forward galley rig masts stepped heavy timber top keel length ship impressive vessel typical metres yard mast spars fished longer ship cent spar smaller spar longer ship extra spar carried board yard case broke ship carried sails surplus reserve changing change weather orders crusaders lead construction large rigged cargo ships imitations earlier designs larger scale certainly adjustments construct large vessels apparently minor mediterranean shipwrights problem larger size crusaders ships proved seaworthy fact construction largest crusaders ships coincided precisely period rigged cargo ships reached maximum size half thirteenth century smaller version round ship called genoa oars sails incidentally large size vessel obviously compromise design effort gain galley round ship design
scandinavian governments supply defence exploit warship design establish control independent landowners coasts set system recruiting ships royal fleets thirteenth century extensive system construction maintenance manning navy called king local fleets based districts combined central fleet built monarchy ships supplied locally typically rooms metres length full muster norway ships called fleet ships maximum thirteenth century total rose denmark fleet theory ships sweden similar system fleets offensive weapons hand king type police force stop piracy protect trade eradicate piracy completely fleets introduce stability channelled interest viking period peaceful trade type ship style naval warfare geography large number ports contributed development form naval organisation extensive system generating forces sea northern europe middle ages increase trade established routes baltic north seas generated pressure shipbuilders improve cargo ships impetus diffuse warships demand concentrated smaller number buyers process similar builders refining design viking ship
dictated feature design northern european ships exception eighth ninth century hulks wales sides ships need protection builders worried bottom suffered abrasion ship landed widespread ships needed protection buffeting planks vessels rode quay problem acute mediterranean northern built hulls punishment solution simply cargo loading small vessels move market port upstream towns case cog lie quay builders equipped bumpers form projecting beam ends certainly method mediterranean solution wales gain strength beams serving sides vessels losing shape ribs held beams north beam ends held hull planking hand sacrifice strength hull pierced length beams pass sacrifice exploited ship design northern southern europe promoted social economic developments tenth century turnaround cargo ships continued fall production production export sale regions increased true international commerce textiles stretching baltic eastern mediterranean involving farmers producing raw materials artisans making cloth merchants shippers distributing
eyes grow darkness faraway suns begin show colors surprised learn stars colors think stars yellow sun stars burn material temperatures hottest stars glow bluish purple temperatures high cooler stars burn blue green white yellow orange finally red temperature didn stars colors looked need patience dark sky begin pick delicate shades rose turquoise emerald green lavender stars names names mean think idea talking hi vega whisper sirius re looking tonight home fires burning alcor campers hear conversations embarrassed understand responsible actions ago developed severe case star fever attack comes simply maybe think making star fever human beings thousands began earliest cave looking stars scientists found interesting paintings walls ancient caves woolly mammoths wild bison pictures moon phases pointed objects look crude drawings stars stars larger suggests cave dwellers knew stars differed brightness
watched heat rise waves highway hotter sides road fields sisal cactus stretched endlessly aware broiling mexican sun tenth asked yucatan summer caught glimpse ruins chichen itza knew el snail jeep sputtered stop silent crumbling city chichen itza fought choking vegetation eyes fixed strange dome el silence morning hear muffled chanting dead mayans builders ancient jungle city fifteen hundred ago mysterious raised chichen itza heart unforgiving places northern hemisphere buildings remain temples rectangular structures graced sleek pillars tall pyramids flattened tops scores dangerously narrow steps round domed roof el sees el says thing looks observatory small version mount palomar monstrous telescope waits darkness probe secrets stars stare el begin imagine stone roof yawning open whir telescope machinery guide reminds mayans telescope invented galileo thousand later tourists find remarkable mayans chichen itza chose shape el especially learn building
case stonehenge appears stages tourists kind lasagna baked chefs knowledge astronomy chef chefs added introduced spices stonehenge complicated literally hundreds ways sightings monument hard figure stone mound ditch stand re sighting star planet moon sun ring fifty chalk filled holes called aubrey holes knows obviously important purpose completely unknown stonehenge perfect rectangle formed stones mounds aubrey circle points rising setting sun seen summer winter solstice center monument sightings moon times early known deal paths sun moon sky addition solstices stones point risings settings equinoxes days night equal length sun horizon twelve hours stonehenge built lunar solar ceremonies recall chapter sun moon flashy las las vegas act
walk copernicus crater takes vast rock strewn area blast material meteor strike created copernicus going slow half mile attention focused entirely boots sudden leap carry yards course stumble mean deadly puncture begin relax strange lunar gravity horizon sharp clear earth hangs silently coal black sky speckled diamonds big dipper lost stars seen moon perfect spot telescope atmosphere smoke light pollution wash stars sky glows fire thousands faraway suns ahead loom rugged walls copernicus crater buddy woman detroit stops photograph hurry say helmet microphone re falling shot asks fourth grade class chipped quarter help pay promise bring pictures laughs sure ok press button shutter snaps greetings copernicus crater later copernicus elevator lifting observation platform south side copernicus largest crater moon says tour guide seen earth binoculars fifty miles diameter highest ramparts rise twelve hundred feet crater
morning november mercury going give earthlings special treat sun rose mercury transit crossing front sun event happen occurs thirteen times century morning saw transit twentieth century november november november turned jones beach parking lot drove tight cluster cars south end fool beach early cold glanced watch talk cups hot chocolate powdered doughnuts main event dawn exploded orange ocean pounded car window yelled bounced met blast frosty air large telescopes special solar filters set dunes wearing ski hats clustered scopes sand asked transit start told peered telescope mercury tiny black dot enormous face sun seen planets venus twinkling evening sky bright mars jupiter saturn uranus especially clear night appeared silver shining reflected light sun planets silver exactly mercury extra special morning early november
dust grains trapped confusion madly spinning cloud collision paths wildly crash rebound crash rebound doomed final blow occurs grains stuck dance dust grains continues soon swept large dust grains pebble sized chunks begin form pebbles rocks rocks boulders boulders slam stick building building larger larger pieces planetesimals means wanderers newly born planets central gas whirlpool shaped ball sun power shine large swollen cool hydrogen simplest common element universe hydrogen begin burning gravity magic surely steadily hydrogen atoms drawn closer gas dust grains birth cloud history repeated turning picks speed shrinking heating color changing red orange moment birth sun bursts yellow bathes planets wave heat light sunrise mercury closest planet glows red hot gases developed atmosphere boiled venus hangs gases evil villains turn planet choking killer atmosphere develops catches heat sun refuses let escape surface venus temperatures rise higher mercury
wandering desert space ten roughly cross vast chasm saturn uranus speed steady ten thousand miles hour escaping saturn system seemingly endless journey lonely occasional comet going opposite direction passed starship billion miles target view drift closer slowly uranus grows size emerald green globe lot excitement crew minute expect enter mysterious uranian rings say ultra thin rings orbiting planet dust grains tiny chips ice believe rings solid particles uranus circled bracelets gas rings wants caught standing hit seat occupied shoulder harnesses click uranus store feet nose pressed window re approaching uranus direction approached planets uranus shows top head waist ship heading directly uranus north pole middle ring band going uranus truly unique planets spin axes ballerinas uranus axis tilted planet spins side rolling sleep astronomers don uranus born happened knock feet
orbit comet move rubber band thumbtack catches don stop stretching rubber band typical comet orbit part rubber band held thumbtack comet perihelion look close sun finger holding stretched rubber band comet aphelion closer comet sun extraordinary nature version cinderella story nearly comet goes unnoticed nears sun magical happens short days unimportant comet magnificent object skies comet nears solar system encounters solar wind wind think steady stream atomic particles produced inside sun solar wind acts kind fan blowing dust gases rocky surface comet dust gases form enormous cloud completely surrounds comet cloud called coma extends size comet hundred thousand miles comet visible earth fuzzy ball dark night sky real magic starts comet crosses inside orbit mars solar wind shapes coma graceful tail stretching million miles painting sky enormous white streak tail practically vacuum stars easily seen twinkling comet closes sun harder harder finally washed glare
belt birth number meteors streak sky meteorites object makes ground adventure starts hop aboard put crash helmet let er rip hit earth atmosphere trip planet leisurely drive sun members solar system move stable orbits won visible starts burn fact knows re called isolated meteor shows catches guard according watch re closing mars getting pretty view phobos deimos spot hall half mile crater phobos look re getting close mars gravity pushing course re headed straight earth begin pick speed earth looms large beneath getting hotter encounters thin upper atmosphere faster faster fall ten thousand miles hour twenty thousand thirty thousand planet front swelling enormous size re hundred miles surface suddenly flash view re riding meteor wait meteor thing brighter venus re fireball downward plunge streaking sky unbelievable eighty thousand miles hour glorious white trail diamonds scattered
literally herodotus discover lived lived conducted sort historical research undertook written sources concerning special areas geography history complete obvious trustworthy herodotus determined things egypt found enormous number things interesting unusual greek friends learned egyptian daily greek carefully varied things anatomy habits crocodile methods embalming egyptians marketing periodic flooding nile measured size pyramids pacing sides measurements remarkably correct herodotus deceived local interpreters guides weakness large numbers witness fantastic computation size persian army find consciously telling lie describes city babylon extraordinary sights ancient care details description method constructing walls tower sanctuary characteristics persian education religion confirmed modern archaeological discoveries historical research herodotus surprise admiration felt things learned persia herodotus journey black sea russian steppes real adventure convoy traders gotten dnieper river region kiev saw tombs scythian kings
solon guest palace days croesus ordered servants solon royal treasuries abundant riches solon seen examined treasures croesus athenian friend reports concerning wisdom travels journeys seeking knowledge urgent desire ask question seen fortunate croesus asked question thought fortunate solon refused flatter thought truth king seen athenian named croesus surprised sharply judge fortunate solon replied city prosperous noble sons lived children born able property judge glorious end battle athenians neighboring city fought city routed enemy died noble death soldier athens gave honor public funeral spot fell solon told story blessings kind lesson croesus king thinking deserve place asked solon seen fortunate
part sacrifice completed croesus melted vast quantity gold bricklike shapes longer side length palms hand height palm hundred seventeen refined gold weighing half talents hundred forty pounds gold alloy weighed talents hundred sixteen pounds ordered statue lion refined gold weighing ten talents hundred eighty pounds temple delphi burned lion fell gold bars served base lies treasury corinthians weighs half talents half talents melted fire offerings ready croesus delphi gifts large bowls gold silver gold stood entered temple silver left removed fire golden bowl deposited treasury weighs hundred forty pounds bowl stands corner forecourt temple hold contents hundred gallon jars known delphi mix wine festival called appearance gods statues gods shown addition croesus silver jars wide mouths treasury corinthians dedicated vessels sprinkling water rites purification sacrifices
beginning planet live large ball flaming matter tiny cloud smoke endless ocean space gradually course millions surface burned covered thin layer rocks lifeless rocks rain descended endless torrents wearing hard granite carrying dust valleys lay hidden high cliffs steaming earth finally hour sun broke clouds saw planet covered small puddles develop mighty oceans eastern western hemispheres wonder happened dead gave birth living cell floated waters sea millions drifted aimlessly currents developing habits survive easily inhospitable earth cells happiest dark depths lakes pools took root slimy sediments carried tops hills plants preferred move grew strange jointed legs scorpions began crawl bottom sea amidst plants pale green things looked jelly fishes covered scales depended swimming motion place place search food gradually populated ocean fishes plants increased number search dwelling places
asked questions obligingly stepped forward answer inquiries ability egyptians called priests guardians thoughts gained respect community highly learned entrusted sacred task keeping written records understood think advantage drew attention days future soul dwell mountains west give account deeds osiris mighty god ruler living dead judged acts according merits priests future realm isis osiris egyptians began regard merely short preparation turned teeming valley nile land devoted dead strange egyptians believe soul enter realm osiris possession body place residence soon dead relatives took corpse embalmed weeks soaked solution filled pitch persian word pitch embalmed body called mummy wrapped yards yards specially prepared linen specially prepared coffin ready removed final home egyptian grave real home body surrounded pieces furniture musical instruments dreary hours waiting statues cooks bakers barbers occupant dark home decently provided food need unshaven
pyramids thousand beginning show signs decay hammurabi wise king babylon dead buried centuries small tribe shepherds left homes banks river danube wandered southward search fresh pastures called hellenes son according myths human beings escaped flood countless destroyed grown wicked disgusted zeus mighty god lived mount olympus early hellenes thucydides historian fall athens describing earliest ancestors amount true ill mannered lived pigs threw bodies enemies wild dogs guarded sheep respect rights killed natives greek peninsula called stole farms took cattle wives daughters slaves wrote endless songs praising courage clan achaeans led hellenic advance guard mountains thessaly tops high rocks saw castles aegeans attack feared metal swords spears aegean soldiers knew hope defeat clumsy stone axes centuries continued wander valley valley mountain side mountain side
happened senate rome greatly disturbed rumours asia king country shores black sea greek mother side seen possibility establishing alexandrian empire began campaign domination murder roman citizens happened asia minor women children act course meant war senate equipped army march king punish crime commander chief senate consul marius mob consul times champion rights possession points law happened actual command army east defeat marius fled africa waited heard crossed asia returned italy gathered motley crew malcontents marched rome entered city professional highwaymen spent days nights slaughtering enemies senatorial party elected consul promptly died excitement fortnight disorder defeated announced ready return rome settle scores word weeks soldiers busy executing fellow citizens suspected democratic sympathies hold young fellow seen company marius going hang interfered
battle poitiers saved europe mohammedans enemy hopeless disappearance roman police officer enemy remained true converts christian faith northern europe felt deep respect mighty bishop rome poor bishop feel safe looked distant mountains heaven knew fresh hordes barbarians ready cross alps begin attack rome spiritual head find ally strong sword powerful fist willing defend case danger popes holy practical cast friend presently overtures promising germanic tribes occupied north western europe fall rome called franks earliest kings called helped romans battle fields defeated huns descendants continued bits imperial territory king clovis french word louis felt strong beat romans open descendants weak left affairs prime minister major master palace pepin short son famous charles martel succeeded father master palace knew handle situation royal master devout theologian interest politics
difficult understand ages grandfather mysterious lives ideas clothes manners telling story grandfathers twenty generations removed expect catch meaning write re reading chapter number times average middle ages lived simple uneventful free citizen able rarely left neighbourhood printed books manuscripts small band industrious monks taught reading writing arithmetic science history geography lay buried beneath ruins greece rome knew past learned listening stories legends information goes father son slightly incorrect details preserve main facts history astonishing accuracy thousand mothers india frighten naughty children telling alexander visited india birth christ story lived ages early middle ages saw textbook roman history ignorant things school boy knows entered grade roman empire merely alive felt willingly recognised pope spiritual leader lived rome represented idea roman super power
thomas lived age turmoil pestilence sudden death central europe bohemia devoted disciples johannes friend follower john wycliffe english reformer avenging terrible warfare death beloved leader burned stake order council constance promised safe conduct switzerland explain doctrines pope emperor twenty cardinals thirty archbishops bishops hundred fifty abbots hundred princes dukes gathered reform church west france fighting hundred drive english territories saved utter defeat fortunate appearance joan arc sooner struggle end france burgundy throats engaged struggle death supremacy western europe south pope rome calling curses heaven pope resided avignon southern france retaliated kind east turks destroying remnants roman empire russians started final crusade crush power tartar masters brother thomas quiet cell heard manuscripts thoughts contented poured love god volume called imitation christ translated languages book save bible read studied holy scriptures
evening siddhartha returned home received music wife birth son delighted knew heir throne celebrated event beating drums siddhartha share joy curtain lifted learned horror existence sight death suffering terrible dream night moon shining brightly siddhartha woke began think things happy found solution riddle existence decided find loved softly room sleeping baby called faithful told follow darkness night find rest soul faithful servant beloved master india siddhartha wandered change ancestors native indians conquered difficulty war aryans distant cousins aryans rulers masters tens millions docile brown maintain seat mighty divided population classes gradually system caste rigid sort enforced natives descendants european conquerors belonged highest caste class warriors nobles caste priests
sixteenth century regarded tried show bodily illness important sickness threatened soul organised system spiritual preventive medicine soon child spell words educated true true principles faith indirectly proved thing general progress europe protestant lands soon dotted schools deal valuable explain catechism gave instruction things theology encouraged reading responsible prosperity printing trade catholics lag devoted thought education church matter found invaluable friend ally newly founded order society jesus founder remarkable organisation spanish soldier unholy adventures converted felt bound serve church sinners shown errors salvation army devote remaining lives task aiding consoling fortunate spaniard ignatius de loyola born discovery america wounded hospital seen vision holy virgin son bade give wickedness decided holy land finish task crusades visit jerusalem shown impossibility task returned west help warfare heresies lutherans
united nations attempt history outlaw war international agreement grim aftermath battles victorious rulers tried lay foundations permanent peace major history end napoleonic wars leading sovereigns statesmen austria russia prussia britain france met congress vienna russian leaders took important part council european nations won authority defeating napoleon hitherto triumphant armies retreat moscow icy winter distinguished diplomats drew plans frontiers europe tsar alexander russia tried form holy alliance powers based justice christian charity peace napoleon safely imprisoned island st helena memories war faded leading statesmen held meetings nations divided conflicting interests territorial ambitions holy alliance finally broke major effort establish peace international accord league nations formed war battles raged europe russia balkans ocean allied forces united states britain commonwealth france belgium serbia italy japan victorious germany austria hungary bulgaria turkey russia fought allies country torn revolution armies collapsed fighting war terrible casualties greater destruction reaching mankind experienced
president presides emergency sessions general assembly called consider crises congo drag war security council limited permanent members united states soviet union britain france nationalist china temporary members elected pairs terms chosen regions represented turn total membership enlarged fifteen addition temporary members main purpose security council prevent war settling disputes nations limiting armaments terms charter security council permitted dispatch united nations force stop aggression restore law order shows change outlook league nations contemplate arms circumstances whatsoever failure partly due fact enforce decision united nations founded vital questions disarmament test ban discussed special conferences geneva security council general assembly summit meetings capitals united states soviet union britain france hold nuclear arms sound government dares discard defenses sure nations smaller nations voted unanimously end nuclear testing gradually details test ban hammered motion passed security council receive consenting votes including permanent members
sons consent rockefeller decided offer family mansion grounds tarrytown banks hudson river permanent home united nations rockefellers lived generations magnificently generous proposal excitement un circles innumerable telephone calls special messages earnest conversations confirm fact united nations found home evening idea took shape island manhattan overlooking east river lay slum area known turtle bay district slaughter houses shabby sheds poor families lived crumbling tenements york businessman william bought turtle bay planning transform development modern apartments spacious offices hotels assembly halls attract conferences united states site nelson rockefeller sons suddenly decided united nations headquarters consulted wallace harrison architect part plans harrison thought land purchased half million dollars late evening december nelson rockefeller approached father hesitation john rockefeller jr promised land sum give money hour harrison called put proposition enthusiastic truthfully site worth harrison offered clung grand designs harrison persuasive agreed york city fine location united nations headquarters finally gave
britain greatly impoverished war victory government found heavily debt united states countries pay imported food arms treasury sold overseas capital british war record proud hitler conquered poland france holland belgium norway denmark stood vital nazi india claimed independence empire shrinking post war britain longer economic power russians suffered gigantic losses war close censorship knows heroic endurance valor red army immensity country saved nation defeat war stalin faced stern task reconstruction country fully recovered effects bolshevik revolution german attack food scarce parts russia crops destroyed millions peasant farmers planted crops dead stalin sworn convert communism refused accept aid capitalist countries set target recovery drove russians mercilessly reach months war order feed stripped countries red army occupied spite san francisco conference russia bad france overrun germans june marshal petain aged president decided accept defeat terms victorious nazis
lie started political career norway trade unions rose rank foreign minister norway conquered nazis escaped spent rest war london organizing norwegian resistance movement caused anxiety german high command result resistance norway hitler forced send valuable divisions ill spare police country lie friends allied governments gathered london russians opposed election strong character undismayed difficulty danger trade unions resistance learned fight doggedly thought post secretary general definite ideas prepared act simply buffer nations cold war set carried peace proposals stalin person worked desperately heal breach communism west despite severely criticized russians claimed favored west want popular candidate term extended end term shadow korean war retired lost confidence communists western nations easy find successor lie divided communism west secretary general acceptable sides meant country part cold war
western european american delegations conventional colorful outstanding figures early days united nations belgian statesman paul henri president session general assembly skilled lawyer patriot spent war leader free belgians london united states mission headed warren austin senator vermont prominent congress universally popular republican president truman chose important united nations post demonstrating peace aims party politics britain permanent representative sir alexander experienced foreign affairs speaker traveled churchill secret atlantic meeting roosevelt helped draft atlantic charter worked wartime leaders san francisco establish peace british diplomat sir chairman security council familiar figure united nations accepted official circles clever competent delegate television appearance acclaimed american public overnight family idol homes fan mail equaled popular movie star important branches united nations york largest geneva headquarters imposing buildings inherited league nations piero spinelli italian diplomat charge geneva organization late united nations governor trust territory italian somaliland independent
problems store united nations twentieth session hundred items agenda current crises added number october direct opposition british government ian smith prime minister southern rhodesia threatened declare independence meant links british commonwealth government represented small white minority predominantly african population line action contrary principles british colonial policy vast majority general assembly supported trusteeship council resolution urging britain stern steps put end rebellion october ian smith carried threat proclaimed rhodesian independence face violent protests african states south africa matter referred security council approved ten votes france abstaining resolution urging states impose embargo exports oil rhodesia british government promptly imposed oil embargo prohibited imports tobacco backbone rhodesian prosperity united states barred purchase rhodesian sugar means sanctions nations hoped defeat smith government gradually introduce representative government place twentieth session question replacement nationalist government formosa chinese peoples republic discussion annual event charts growing consciousness members general assembly body communist government peking unrealistic twentieth session ballot evenly split forty peking forty
august united nations convened conference non nuclear states geneva including red china invited attend mao tung president north vietnam communist china member united nations indignantly refused nuclear powers united states soviet union france britain conference capacity observers advisers vote purpose conference mobilize opinion enforce pledge nuclear powers limit armaments ensure supply information material non nuclear states development peaceful nuclear energy september guatemala elected president twenty session general assembly total membership hundred twenty nations downfall president indonesia renewed membership nations scattered admitted representatives hoisted flags un headquarters nations british colonies barbados west indies guyana british guiana south america mauritius indian ocean british protectorates botswana lesotho swaziland southern africa southern yemen aden tip southern arabia equatorial guinea spanish territories fernando po rio muni west africa course annual report united nations june june secretary general gave sober account achievements included report united nations industrial development organization comparatively organ general assembly designed coordinate studies research industrial matters
britain handed united nations herculean task security council faced problem establishing peace justice palestine end war league nations britain mandate palestine meant government directed law order eventually give form local government acceptable arabs jews lived country british struggled vainly thirty reconcile spent deal money suffered casualties finally forced admit failure passed palestine dilemma united nations palestine battleground thousand holy city jerusalem known conquerors testament tells moses led hebrew tribes captivity egypt promised land canaan land flowing milk honey tribe judah settled south canaan palestine barren mountainous area prospered southern kingdom maintained ways faith tribes egypt handed christianity belief god afterlife waiting messiah rise midst leaders condemning pagan customs neighboring lands encouraged secure belief god chosen tribes palestine strong numerous resist invasion power rome grew century christ roman legions conquered country palestine fell bounds roman empire jewish suffered oppression
twilight deepened darkness january tired woman slipped remember dominant individual queen england empress india victoria ruled nearly quarter globe end quarter human race actually subjects indirectly network family relationships royalty affected government millions emperor nicholas tsar russias married grand daughter german emperor kaiser wilhelm ii devoted grandsons bedside died arrogant personality yielded strange recalled suite earlier visit england kaiser ill ease tongue tied presence queen german emperor dearly beloved grand mamma sense grandmother figure united states reverence monarchs strong minded widow won admiration incredible grand daughter remote monarch memory detested george iii provoked declaration independence hold ancient quarrel queen sixty englishmen alive sung god save king unthinkable die dead home abroad choose nineteenth century ended began hard think significant january
rich rich poor poor american writer jack london known hardships gold rush horrified conditions english working class exposed savage indignation abyss description supported sober facts collected quaker sociologist outwardly beautiful cathedral city york dream living earlier historical periods tend assume born comfortable interesting stratum upper class odds change let suppose born lowest stratum quarter entire population reckoned living actual poverty home dank cold tenement rooms sprawling family conveniences kind yard toilet cold water tap dozen households dirty water slops carried grating street grow notice conditions poorest parishes child died districts proportion food typical diet sheets children provided workhouse breakfast dull filling half pint milk ounces dry bread dinner interesting roast beef worth stopping trying visualize slice fat gristle weight ounce half ounces potatoes vegetables formidable ounces pudding
fatal collision tensions building europe tedious britain hitherto secure superior getting nervous germany kaiser young honorary admiral british navy beloved grand mamma complimentary gesture encouraged dreams naval glory caused yield easily militaristic advisers germany formidable army europe developing fleet worried british admiralty trafalgar kaiser adored uniforms parades speeches germany destiny speech ministers tried vainly hush compared soldiers huns beaten roman empire barbaric later excellent propaganda history shows kaiser means appeared history mend past damage hope prevent repetition france russia similar fears germany austria network alliances created king edward love france equalled dislike german nephew kaiser helped personally strengthen entente understanding british french governments british complain country completely unfairly surprise war coming thunderbolt cloudless sky persuaded hung perpetually tennis court days surprised war government certainly war office london consultation paris worked top secret plans sending small trained army agreed position french left flank facing german attack
woodrow wilson america allied german propaganda organizations competed sympathy sympathy remained divided sinking lusitania set british naval blockade stopped business exporting goods germany holland sweden send germany overland atlantic choose sides wilson wished mediate end fighting want win crushing victory suddenly changed moment germany built fleet boats decided effort defeat britain starvation knew policy unrestricted submarine warfare sea trading power united states accept united states war small army create big atlantic cross war won germany american strength brought action germans took calculated risk united states declared war south american republic chile argentine grim saw submarine siege british isles saw collapse eastern front russian revolution event dealt chapter saw fresh mass slaughter western front germans withdrawn prepared defences hindenburg line called siegfried line reinforced divisions longer needed russia saw defeat italians
lenin friends planned publish illegal newspaper issue arrested lenin spent prison awaiting trial managed writing secret milk ink moulding ink wells bread swallow interrupted krupskaya young school teacher active revolutionary movement stand pavement hours catch glimpse prisoners brought exercise trial sentenced siberia common tsarist method offenders remove harm exile harsh according circumstances mild later krupskaya exiled allowed join lenin marry happy marriage lenin atheist contemptuous bourgeois morality unscrupulous political matters private puritanical respectability exile ended left russia lived london settled switzerland lenin wanted produce newspaper easier print abroad copies smuggled russia called spark certainly helped start fire grew communist revolution lenin important russian revolutionary leaders abroad movement rent disputes varying sincere differences opinion bitter personal intrigues main disagreement form organization overthrow tsarist government gain power brilliant jew leon trotsky wanted build mass party western democratic countries membership open
week events moved quickly crisis public demonstrations forbidden cossacks patrolled misty rain swept streets troops guarded brownish ochre facade winter palace provisional government established distance city soviet bolshevik organization dominated bolsheviks headquarters blue roof smolny institute convent till lately exclusive girls school sat trotsky perfecting battle plans joined midnight november lenin dirty bandage wrapped round face hide roving cossacks october calendar hours october revolution begun early hours morning furious arguments raging bolsheviks opponents city soviet holding equally urgent meeting cabinet winter palace feeling rely soldiers sailors petersburg decided drive twenty miles rally cavalry corps personal magnetism authority lead suppress threatened rising drove petersburg car disguised american flag effect drove history found troops mustered force days later late escape russia help british agent bruce lockhart half century exile lay paris america influence events
lenin comments happened acid lifetime unassuming earth character treated stalin suggestion egyptian pharaoh pompous ceremonies organized trotsky missed funeral moscow unwell declared stalin deceived date despite protests lenin widow body embalmed ugly red black granite mausoleum kremlin attract lines pilgrims relics collected lenin institute oath lenin worded religious language read party congress heavy phrases repeated leaving comrade lenin ordained answer vow thee comrade lenin fulfill thy commandment stalin knew simple masses brought honour god tsar pilgrimages holy relics icons easier handle place faith lost built cult lenin lenin books henceforth sacred marx testament actual testament lenin outspoken criticisms stalin hushed anxious stalin block trotsky road power spite widow renewed protests advice dying leader painfully dictated followers stalin breathed round dangerous corner home struggle leadership bitterly contested open meeting secret
prince chun father emperor previously dismissed ambitious yuan recall general put revolt yuan full powers characteristic disloyalty interests quickly change sides worth persuaded imperial family choice let national convention decide china future convention voted republic emperor pu yi abdicated title handsome allowance summer palace peking sun arrived america find sixteen seventeen provinces wished president yuan military power bargain revolutionary leaders avoid civil war sun withdrew yuan president revolutionaries paid high price peaceful settlement yuan interested aims sure lost sight movements formed kuomintang national party yuan determined stand opposition fought weapon bribery murder enlisted thousand thugs citizens society posted round parliament building leave secured vote wanted kuomintang illegal representatives expelled parliament su found exile working revolution yuan popular foreign governments saw strong china moving lines satisfactory point view anxious future secure asked american constitutional adviser republic monarchy suit china
distant kinsman theodore roosevelt republican married theodore niece eleanor woman warm charm indomitable character franklin roosevelt lawyer entered york senate appointed assistant secretary navy struck infantile paralysis looked career end husband wife views immense power courage mrs roosevelt helped tirelessly touch affairs forget disease understood roosevelt able stand walk support forget disability radio voice america heartened millions later broadcast famous fireside chats flair phrases deal freedoms century common passed history faith common salient characteristics manner simple unassuming gentleman coming american statesmen upper strata society showed signs thinking superior fairness let added simple manner concealed deal cunning accused foxy sad truth learn democracy governed winning election record history election won saint boom favoured rugged individual philosophy republicans crippled roosevelt prepared democrats win power
strange begin book africa saying place person african true continent call africa divided nations separated thousands miles nation divided tribal areas nearly speak language live believe form religion peoples africa differ peoples europe europe free exchange ideas trading visiting countries africa living part continent unlikely heard living rest vast wonderful land land occupies entire land surface saying african tell land keeps changing moment bleak barren desert temperatures hundreds gentle forest country shady cool watered springs streams crystal water flowing mighty rivers congo zambezi niger course nile places country rolling open grassland suddenly sweeps snow capped mountains areas herding cattle watch longingly dark rain clouds roll parched scrubland miles deliver deluge rain farmers mountains hunters tropical rain forest mountain farmers look enviously dry country stretching hundreds miles foot hilly homeland tried grow food dry die
similarly specialize warriors careful training battle useless organize companies regiments accepted leaders turn guidance older fight longer experience older lay strategy battle question organization hunters need organization knowledge hunting techniques call operation number towns farms growing need careful planning growth call social organization forms western basic object idea agree rules common agree kind action breaks rules law order act society representative dispute nearby society need help government leader chief king oldest member family system dies continue leading question succeeds leave freedom starts fighting person family supporting candidate societies single leaders rule council elders look societies peoples africa differences originally reason
africa family bigger call family imagine throwing stone pool water watching rings form bigger center family small neat parents children ring includes aunts uncles cousins grandparents ring includes brothers sisters grandparents uncles aunts children grandchildren grandparents looking african family think pyramid built relatives diagram shows works figure base children present generation marked ego extreme left line generation line consists parents brothers sisters simple show male members family line grandparents look bottom line base pyramid related close left hand corner uncles cousins find moving upward father moving brother uncle move cousins family enclosed square include uncle bigger square squares rings formed throwing stone pond
eventually court countryside childhood end beginning childhood infant staggers yards feet learning african children elaborate games amusements girls learn build real houses building play houses learn cook begging food mothers homemade fire boys pretend hunting fond grandfather miniature bow arrow grandson actually hunt slow small animals learns children play fields hoe plant half hoeing planting watch chance young shoots pride finally reap tiny harvest young child teaching adult preparing ways games gymnastics vine swings develop muscles sense balance games popular congo pygmies continually climbing trees need strong alert able jump losing balance games education young children children think sheer fun parents seldom interfere show child hold hoe properly help task child learns watching imitating important child learns listening folk tales proverbs
early hours morning youths dawn carry trumpet camp surrounded leaves branches forest seen women children loudly singing special songs charge camp waking overturn things throw lumps wood houses tear leaves roofs generally lot havoc band making nuisance lately arguing fighting youths give hut special beating adults swear curse inside huts youths representing forest aspect forest showing anger children misbehavior elders wisdom judgment pleasing pleasing actually settle disputes youths duty showing power forest punish rules behavior pygmy owe loyalty band expected age group forest generally free easy times hard children deal freedom walk allowed follow mothers hunting gathering stay camp alive playing age mates grandparents older brothers sisters stay help look sure danger
african tribes important thing happens begin grow older relatives acquire seen hunters pretty exception older bigger meet begin move wider circles children worried keeping track related farming village village forest live pygmies village separated miles forest villages road runs forest farmers travel deal days course reach village walk thick forest narrow trail today road wide places automobiles prefer stay close home special occasions village rectangular shape side road straddling run road case coming wall trees side suddenly ugly gash cut forest foot village hot dusty recently built village pleasant trees cut shade spaces houses covered grass freshly baked mud looks smooth clean trees cut grass turns dust
week priests start dancing boys looking trying frighten suddenly boys seized priest held moment let immediately father led special house boys initiated selected priests led dark room days selection goes heads shaved sign death told going killed die children strong hear reborn comfort priests worked frenzy drums drums louder attack house try break barricaded accompany initiation consider clean habit boys test courage final public festivities boys house mothers sisters uninitiated boys driven sight led stream circumcised special initiation camp built edges forest operation takes place carefully cruelty special herbs cure wound boy expected able stand pain flinching moment teaching begins
appearance herders tall slender graceful small light weight light color look bushmen line descent common graceful easy walk dignity flat plains gentle foothills try scrambling gracefully precipice move extreme speed agility main concentrations scattered top escarpment eye turkana give warning impending raids paid hand equally eye inform turkana suitable raid course proper payment liven things occasionally inform sides sit watch fun walk offer help side escape collecting escape trick profitable raids place night depend success complete surprise difficult tell end spearing friends want cattle find misinformed turkana turkana anxious cattle find things easy thought
real danger reason times apparently unnecessary operation free unhindered lineage clan ties depends course hunters recently kind freedom hunters heart farming enthusiasm shrewdness hunters sit let disaster overtake bad part area bad area including water grazing plains burned dry likely mountains major settlements things center emergency grazing grounds land high rugged herders graze cattle things look blackest rains failed reserve supplies herders turkana waiting eaten trade herders crop reserve tobacco worst seasons large bundles tobacco concealment cave rocky overhang important herders food stores source tobacco demand high prices someting herders want badly hills fresh supply spears
stranger suddenly brought quiet valley lapland thought dawn actually noon sky clear despite snow covered brightened countryside vague twilight north completely dark stars shining south distant horizon lit pale glow land walked full light valley covered snow yard deep dark patches holes short lanes observer keen eyesight detected occasional movement reindeer lift head stare sure enemy drawing satisfied safe grazing reindeer lower head sharp pointed hoofs dig snow animal resume feeding reindeer moss dug small holes hindquarters snow level feeling short tails wagging watching reindeer western side valley herdsman squatted hole dug snow warmer inside hole built small fire birch twigs flames copper kettle beginning whistle mouth watering aroma fresh coffee filled air herdsman dogs squatted nearby occasionally stand peer edge hole wanted assured reindeer herd
called roof europe lapland country land stretches northern norway sweden finland soviet russia truer sure originated experts think east centuries ago thing known occupying finland parts norway sweden finns finland norway sweden began explore arctic parts country small average height feet women slightly smaller northern parts taller knows hundreds ago certainly wandering hunters animals provided food clothing herd reindeer known speculation possibly hunt reindeer doe antlers caught thicket kill decided slaughter doe drag camp captive hunting poor doe giving birth calf wife amazing idea keeping doe bear calf bear hunt live reindeer giving birth calves food matter bad weather
explorers traveled lapland ago content tell plain unvarnished truth barbaric lived north accounts skis eerie science fiction ring told written stories attaching thin pieces wood feet able skim snowy wastes faster living creature able overtake fleetest footed animal wolf escape bone tipped spears arrows mothers ancient rome heart civilization gasped horror read women give babies milk breast fed marrow bones slaughtered animals books recorded children wrapped skin animal hung branches tree feed scornful story remote land winter sun set forgot rise week week land wrapped complete darkness prayed moon light tale gods frozen land pity poor savages sun return comfort causing beams wondrous light shine sky beams white straight arrows curiously curling plumes colored pink green blue yellow mighty hanging curtains waving gently fro advanced southward
rabbit ball rabbit friend rabbit cat play ball bird sees rabbit cat play bird sad bird wants friend ball tree rabbit find ball cat find ball bird find ball bird takes rabbit cat bird bird friend rabbit cat bird play ball turtle sees rabbit cat bird play turtle sad turtle wants friend friend read play ball boy girl class play need friend sharing girl bus bus fast boy bus bus fast fox bus bus fast hippopotamus bus bus fast goat bus bus fast rhinoceros bus bus fast fish bus bus fast horse bus bus fast rabbit bus bus fast bee bus rabbit bus horse bus fish bus rhinoceros bus goat bus hippopotamus bus fox bus boy bus girl bus ran fast painting friends show animals bus look
home don home going move home dad makes pick mess home dad makes wash dishes move mess leave home mom makes help paints house home mom makes wash brushes move paint home share games susan home susan wins play games move susan home tim helps put bandage fall home tim makes smile cry move smile home grandma runs home grandma run till reach moon move run home mom puts bed night home dad reads sleep move put bed read bad home move help home think things act class class try guess farmer dell farmer dell hi ho derry farmer dell farmer takes wife farmer takes wife hi ho derry farmer takes wife wife takes child wife takes child hi ho derry wife takes child
child takes nurse child takes nurse hi ho derry child takes nurse nurse takes dog nurse takes dog hi ho derry nurse takes dog dog takes cat dog takes cat hi ho derry dog takes cat cat takes rat cat takes rat hi ho derry cat takes rat rat takes cheese rat takes cheese hi ho derry rat takes cheese cheese stands cheese stands hi ho derry cheese stands cozy homes stand hill lives jack lives jill breakfast play run jump swing sun goes stay rests jack rests jill quiet hill owl home feels sitting fire owl cold snowy owl eating buttered toast hot pea soup supper owl heard loud sound front door banging pounding door night owl opened door snow wind owl sat fire loud noise door owl knocking thumping door night owl opened door snow cold poor winter knocking door owl wants sit fire
wheels bus wheels bus town town bus bus bus town bus town bus bus town bus left left left bus left town bus look look look bus look town bus rush bus bus bus bus rush bus beach sing wheels bus group move bus verses bear fell bin dog pushed picked sack driver bear dump fell pile bit bump boy took bus dump fuss awful grump searched searched searched dump
bear cold cross thought lost dog smelled smell bone bear drove home boy bear dog bone bear neat pin say boy knew promised friend tell boy woke night asked bear felt surprised bear gave shout soon look closely pictures dog bear find friend part bear part dog say dog bear thinking feeling page happen story ends tell class bear dog say feel say legs legs say let run play legs skipping romping jumping high say legs legs say tired run play legs home walking walking slow slow slow wheel wheels wheels wheels wheels
forest dark quiet creature stirring wind stopped breathing leaf falling blade grass moving night night ending begin night forest dark creeps slowly story begins dark forest warm creatures quiet quietest tiger tiger lying foot tree side road divided forest half hard tiger hidden leaves flowers vines grasses hidden darkness suddenly glimmer light trembled sky sky forest air began turn blue road divided forest half road horizon sky ground meet yes moving tiger sleeping looked face seen eye eye facing thing moving open tiniest tiniest crack tiger eye open tiniest crack tiger sleeping believe watching thinking thing moving tiger watching drawing nearer nearer
camel took walk author jack shows forest animals shows animals want try want read waiting surprise let peek tricky animals chart shows happened tiger copy chart fill show animals want try chart write sentences animals pick animals chart think want try wants ideas writing want turn handbook page information chart write sentences answer questions animal want animal try animal wants talk answers partner change need partner understands animal wants tries wants clean copy sentences share sentences classmates surprises choose activities think sounds animals forest branches breaking deer run bees buzzing tell story making sounds draw comic strip showing action animal planned animal mask paper bag drawing paper mask act story
woman baby pushing crowd picture diamond studded silver rattle woman moony baby moony finished drawing woman grabbed hands instantly rattle fell paper tumbled carriage baby bearded stepped forward sonny began moony corrected moony tired hobbling leg feel picture driven limousine look request quickly granted touched paper limousine slid rolled toes crowd began pushing shoving yelling moony draw draw moony stood bench shouted loud quiet crowd hushed moony continued hold want draw picture ties straightened hair combed freshened moony tore pieces paper drawing pad piece drew picture smiling crowd treasure chest woman baby silver rattle limousine wanted moony draw picture drawing finished moony took case eraser pocket taking pains neat moony erased treasure chest gold coins silver rattle finally driven limousine moony erased drawing disappeared clutches greedy owners
rosa friend yes vera williams helps rosa author shows character feels says things getting character rosa finding friend friendly rosa things rose friend think things vera williams rosa look picture rosa think things write show friendly caring picture words help write sentences rosa think rosa actions story think verbs tell actions helps shares works thinks verbs ending tell person ideas writing want turn handbook page write sentences tell words picture words partner listen sentences correct verbs need add ending verbs show rosa clean copy sentences pretend class started fan club rosa members club turns reading sentences rosa choose activities set pretend living room rosa big soft chair play parts rosa grandma party talk band
read funny jump book nursery rhyme poem story makes smile laugh author wants imagine singing words wart frog bump log mouthful seen purple baboon find silly things selections reading american folk song story rhyme poem laugh able understand funny side things humor authors laugh funny words tell happen surprise exaggerate making bigger smaller authors selections laugh re reading selections makes laugh smile think hole bottom sea hole bottom sea hole hole hole bottom sea log hole bottom sea log hole bottom sea log log log hole bottom sea bump log hole bottom sea bump log hole bottom sea
jimmy lee causing lot trouble brother takes blame artie bed jimmy thinks smart artie read comics jimmy pulled sheets dad fixed pancakes artie tasted fine jimmy lee eaten mine heard crash breaking glass turned late guess jimmy lee artie cleaned mess artie room painted jimmy lee hall artie crayons drawing pictures wall finally found bear asked artie hid told frankly angel jimmy lee caused trouble began stop capture jimmy lee knew sweet tooth set tasty trap jimmy lee waited till nap spread marbles trip jimmy lee dog slid scratched floor mom mad hid hall closet sound jimmy lee artie don looks leaves trace spills tears artie things place artie won describe remains mystery re smart listen watch jimmy lee looked mirror funny monkey looking looked kitchen think saw swan swimming kitchen sink
popcorn kernels found peru popped indian americas ways pop popcorn put ear corn stick hold fire kernels lost fire method throw kernels fire handful popcorn popped place lot bending running gather french explorers saw iroquois popping corn clay pots fill pots hot sand throw popcorn stir stick corn popped top sand easy iroquois fond popcorn soup iroquois thanksgiving dinner brought popcorn deerskin pouch colonists liked served popped corn breakfast cream poured today americans pounds popcorn thirty percent eaten movies circuses ball games county fairs ten percent saved seed sold countries sixty percent popped home midwest buy popcorn part united states milwaukee minneapolis top popcorn eating cities chicago seattle popcorn grown midwest popcorn stored tight jar refrigerator kernels moisture kernels dry maids left bottom pan maids kernels
depaola mother spent hours reading aloud says books loved books reading began going library started school glad bring joy understanding children books look pictures book ask artist saying things unsaid unexplained book art child kinds stories things saw going pictures books try tell story pictures try give reader open imagination words pictures invitation reader fantasies invitation enjoy tiny begins read popcorn says boy interesting find facts popcorn interesting tell think tiny reads boys learn facts popcorn tell popcorn facts learn america midwest popcorn blizzard popcorn blizzard happens tony tiny kitchen tell blizzard cleared snow tony tiny clear popcorn special food tiny read popcorn americans popped home describe special place sharing popcorn place couch grandma place grandma front fire popping corn
donny felt warm red sunshine eyelids opened eyes rolled slowly bed noise falling floor ow loudly wade sleeping top bunk didn move wake fun donny knew shake hit pillow donny saw wallet put bed chair top clean clothes remembered mother birthday glad wade asleep donny bathroom splashed water face wiped towel didn washing morning important hoped bought plant big waxy green leaves flowers hung bells pink strawberry ice cream haynes promised sell dollar bought today donny smiled thinking surprised mother going brought home room dressed quietly rolled legs pajamas knees put jeans top combed hair put wallet pocket ready standing front mirror liking looked practicing going stand cool paid plant going smile mouth closed teeth missing looked corner mirror saw wade eyes wade wide awake laughing think re bad don wade
mrs quimby kissed daughters don look frightened going girls daddy home soon bent forward hugged algie house suddenly empty girls listened car driveway sound motor lost traffic beezus suppose dishes suppose ramona tested doors including door basement sure locked bad picky picky eat tuna salad felt eating beezus scraped plates garbage surprise ramona burst tears buried face dish towel want mother home wept beezus wiped soapy hands seat cutoff jeans put arms ramona don worry ramona mother remember ramona felt big sister comfort wanted born mother fine beezus handed ramona clean dish towel minutes crawled oregon dusk turned night girls turned television set program hospital running shouting giving orders quickly turned hope aunt bea uncle hobart ramona girls longed loving aunt cheerful times trouble family needed truck riding canadian highway alaska ramona thought bears mean bears wondered pairs white shoes danced bumper truck ring telephone ramona feel arrows electricity shot stomach beezus ran answer
choose activities things happened quimbys mrs quimby left hospital draw pictures events starting happened ramona forever tell liked didn story sure tell feel pretend tv news show tell ramona forever doctor ramona forever word play game partner partner turns making words guessing words mean think words mean read poem page boy speaking poem sound angry hurt confused read poem partner shows boy feels tell ramona agree ramona trying big noisy fuss kindergarten dropout glenwood school ramona grade class bringing hard boiled eggs lunch week think neatest crack egg open smash heads guess mom mixed hard boiled raw eggs henry huggins dog ribsy dog lost family finds flowery smelling bubble bath poor ribsy henry find soon things worse ralph big trouble owners mountain view inn ralph home plan stamp mice mouse needs friend boy named ryan friend ralph needs
grandpa frowned city especially rainy don grandpa tony asked grandpa jensen looked young grandson course tony stand cooped rooster anna pushed chair stood homework grandpa fussing stewing week walked front parlor looked window fifteenth street light cast gas lamps brighten dreary sunday grandpa stood past milking thought miss farm softly moment anna felt sorry grandfather grumbling live city understand later anna bed mama kiss goodnight grandpa lot anna whispered mother invited grandpa visit thought change grandmother died polite anna anna mother smiled grandfather thinks anna sighed wished liked try feel home anna yes mama sleep mama kissed forehead closed door quietly anna tried think grandpa feel home tony walk washington square park show gray squirrel nest big oak tree arch daffodils bloom fountain
hut boys told girls couldn remember wanted grade spelling numbers reading writing slow numbers spelling liked reading writing wanted learn words wanted write put say write apple apple apple tree dish green red yellow words wonderful writing putting say wanted say kind magic reading kind magic book meet feeling thinking book learn places learn everyday things tying knot building birdhouse ready grade read books school library wanted christmas books children books home began reading find family bookcase thick book called oliver twist words didn able read story lee soldier married sister california louise pacific ocean wrote poem hand hand sand sea sits lee tis california romp swamp pick peas sits louise tis missouri poem
days weeks looked called evening front gate called carlo carlo didn home school started grade wayne king schoolyard happened dog asked dead wayne looking wanted taking dead yes wayne poisoned home wayne says carlo dead father mother looked mother yes dead didn want tell dogs killing george haynes sheep put poison dogs carlo eaten george sorry mother knew liked carlo carlo didn run dogs carlo didn kill sheep george thought mother carlo happened place ate poison looking wayne thought going cry didn cry missed carlo miss grew older began mother father happy partly poor reasons mother town girl high school education days live farm thought belonged town city
toad mud decking room reeds yellow marsh marigold petals pretty daughter law ugly son swam leaf lay going fetch pretty bed put bridal chamber mother toad low water son husband live comfortably mud croak croak croak croak croak son find say picked pretty bed swam sat green leaf weeping want live nasty toad married ugly son fishes swimming water seen toad heard put heads girl soon set eyes loved sorry forced live ugly toad clustered water green stalk leaf sitting nibbled teeth leaf floated downstream toad follow floated past places birds perching bushes saw sang lovely lady leaf floated country pretty white butterfly flying settled leaf liking girl happy toads longer passing pretty scenery sun shone water glimmering gold leaf sped faster took sash tied end butterfly leaf
mrs miyo called afternoon miyo home school grade home neighbor mrs kitamura called mrs miyo mother doctor university hospital didn home supper didn home didn miyo stayed mrs fine arrangement mrs kitamura widow enjoyed miyo company lonely basset hound named jefferson ten parrot named hamilton coal black cat named leonardo pet rooster named lincoln talked japanese talked onions potatoes planted front yard lawn coaxing grow plump delicious miyo home school mrs talking potatoes onions today mrs seen wasn front wasn talking animals dog jefferson stretched sleepily greet miyo opened gate backyard hello kitamura miyo mrs jefferson wagged tail sniffed miyo special spot foot willow tree curled afternoon nap miyo stopped lincoln strutting pen making rooster sounds looking intelligent dignified mrs told miyo understood word spoke english japanese
miyo didn want think thing rooster objected certainly wasn mrs raised baby chick thinking going hen give egg breakfast added crow loud mother nodded sympathetically maybe think mother miyo mrs night mrs brought lincoln inside house stuffed big cardboard carton bedroom poor lincoln miyo nearly smothered sleep crowed morning anyway don think wickett heard police haven jump doorbell rings earth going asked wrapping miyo bundle troubles miyo wished answer say mama thinking hard mrs worried spent entire cooking japanese food mind troubles kinds osushi today miyo showing enormous platter flavored rice rolled sheets seaweed cooked slices fried stuffed rice looked fox ears mrs pouring worries fox ears morning potatoes onions couldn tell mrs gave miyo platter osushi left home supper mama glad cook tonight
tami mrs botts happened japanese rooster rooster botts repeated understands japanese mrs botts thought botts excitement retirement party school talking move creek didn say going grow vegetables raise chickens hunting fishing mrs botts remembered yes guess re going raise chickens need rooster guess friendly dignified botts telephone call miyo rooster want find home wife tami talk japanese miyo couldn believe actually read ad botts wife give lincoln fine home surely wouldn turn stew help mrs nervous wreck soon told mother ran tell mrs news mrs stuff lincoln wooden crate night miyo told lincoln nice half japanese home creek mrs botts mrs gave miyo hug squeezed breath hooray mrs happily tomorrow party celebrate invite mama mrs botts mrs felt relieved happy decided invite wickett
don think grandpa seeing wallet dresser watch wasn touched dollars maybe dumb thief thief needed watch grandpa looked grinned didn blame sounded stupid didn leave note grandpa think re past maybe took watch grandpa kind shook head kind thinking maybe war especially yesterday fishing pete re company wasn average kind days sort shrugged change things grandpa want don fight mine bad grandpa look petey special reason wanting watch gift grandma fortieth wedding anniversary treasure son felt miserable low person wide wasn give safe place grandpa care didn care wrapped nice snug pair white socks hidden tennis ball bottom camp trunk find looked grandpa don think
breakfast mom dad jenny supermarket chose stay home grandpa sitting kitchen cup coffee looked thinking hard live taking room let think petey rooms mean couldn exactly live kitchen dining room living room grandpa grin top floor leg flights porch cold winter grandpa silly course paper boy milkman waking morning grandpa laughed ran hand top face bottom wiped smile okay left house basement dad office say grandpa kind forgotten fixed basement didn grandma moved florida kind dingy let look opened door basement hall kitchen grandpa stairs put lights dark told grandpa ceiling lights works grandpa looked big room peeking tiny bathroom promising
moment raccoon opened eyes knew decide pines forest dark brilliant oaks maples hung leaves rose pale yellow green turning scarlet nose lifted taste air found autumn pungent damp earth smells undersides mushrooms tips delicate raccoon paws longer warm problem easy wander village simply wait smiling child catch winter sleep tree allow hugged stroked loved child home snow season place hearth soon meals delivered special saucer trick adopt child liked summer raccoon thought children abandoned morning spring heard voices crying freedom freshened newly woods forced hold jaws tight fingers wouldn answer imprisoned forever haunted round wide eyed face enjoyed feeling autumn positively going spend nights holed tree disinterested field mouse going give soft rugs music evenings lovely smell burning logs glared mouse hear sternly mouse shyly bowed sight log raccoon left troubles crow passed overhead squawked rude puzzled animal raccoon reply ugly sound idea
sun curve earth lit city awakened wild things street sparrow yawned cricket peered doorway crack sidewalk yellow ant big eyes narrow waist glittering assortment spindly legs apartment home lay sidewalk corridors pantries nurseries rooms barns ant cows turtle shaped scale bugs humped aphids morning sisters carried cows set graze stems crabgrass grew dust crack late afternoon brought cows barns milked fed food queen ant billions ants earth natural chemist tiny laboratories abdomen mixed enzymes acids mysterious fluids gases chemicals messages heard ants elbowed antennae jointed jaws queen chemical message need sugar sidewalk gathered sugar candy chewing gum wrappers queen asked pollen chemical message ran steps gathered gold balls country flowers carried town dropped wind today queen asked wondrous treasure called terribly appealing hidden city clue taste queen acquired food sidewalk ants climbed crack scanned vast desert sidewalk pitted craters sand grain rock pebble boulder cracks canyons
stand skeleton giant dinosaur wonder found found put story fiercest dinosaurs lived found dug rock mounted museum turn century scientist york zoo west hunting deer wild section montana missouri river found pile large bones took home paperweight friend took photographs bone pile area found york scientist showed bone barnum brown young assistant curator fossil reptiles american museum natural history barnum brown excited paperweight turned horn dinosaur triceratops triceratops bones found place wyoming dinosaur fossils found civil war dinosaur hunters scouring states colorado montana wyoming utah dinosaur bones found discovery montana promising kinds dinosaurs found expedition scientists headed barnum brown montana missouri river nearest railroad station miles city hundred thirty miles carried horse wagon automobiles expedition traveled days prairies small town jordan creek creek scene suddenly fantastic country rivers wind cut rocks practically flat land canyons cliffs bright colored rocks expedition camped creek pile bones discovered
male eaglet hopped nest pounced twig jabbed beak tossed air fluffed feathers started sister remained perched edge nest staring wilderness valley nest massive platform branches sticks perched high atop cottonwood tree hundred feet ground built eaglets parents lifetime mates remote valley dangers civilization raised healthy young spring adults returned nest repaired adding branches sticks nest grew larger taller standing wide walls feet thick pine needles feathers padded spacious floor eaglets growing hatched small helpless infants guarded closely parents protected hawks crows hunting birds july eaglets outgrown high flying enemies august big parents couldn fly left gigantic treetop nest times morning parents circled nest food claws trying coax eaglets young female leaned forward perch watching river rushed valley sharp eagle eyes fish leap water disappear swirling rapids leaned forward bit wind rippled dark brown feathers fierce eyes glowed suddenly jumped feet left nest stretched neck opened wings flapped hard flying air eagle flying
open door hear voices sister voice scissors cutting mother voice sit table mother breakfast breathe hot chocolate feel face coming warm drink holding warm cup eat hot says sister loud slow says sister mother quiet voice sister thinks maybe hear talks loud soft want hear hear spilled says sister loud late says quiet voice mother late won late breakfast window put cheek glass warmer today tap luck song window sister says park study jacket tells wait steps steps steps magic number waiting sister sister comes takes hand walks fast count steps park remember turns someday listen street noises try sort sister hand soft feel nails sharp voice listen heels making holes sounds
sister says trees cages cages wouldn stay terrible park pretty abram says trees cages safe grow big tall sides crib baby keeping falling hurting says abram sister says park ugly dirty abram says bits paper couple cans bottles says squint eyes things lying shine flowers abram says want sister says park poor folks chance abram says park lucky says park things inside eyes tell abram goes says look tomorrow hear ice cream bells farther farther hear anymore waiting sister fall asleep bench dream dream abram lifts touch leaves tree leaves songs fall cover warm soft songs sister shakes awake catch cold lying says sitting bench hear ice cream bells walk curb touching cages trees abram ice cream bar walk bench touch cages
forrest finally ten babies forrest hugh anna lived grow woman grandma moses remembered wistfully graves left shenandoah valley mother anna mary busy fuss children summer put sun bonnets wouldn burn tied children wouldn fall river later tied begun play narrow bridge spanned water decided worry thomas told didn scold children rarely lost temper angry learned quiet say calmed thought didn say regret whipped children switches cut lilac bush didn whip hard figured cutting switches half punishment children grew soon school anna mary began potato chip business started butter business anna mary trying help share began small slicing pounds potatoes frying crisp sending grocer trade things needed potato chips novelty days soon sending charlottesville white sulphur springs making profit proud climbing top house childhood thought large accomplishment wanted big toad anna mary grew fonder fonder shenandoah valley thomas grew homesick north wanted
thought twas pig meself pig round pigs tis sheep miles pig meself think killing poor thing look stuff give hand land rover raining hurt wipe boots afore comes yes farmer driven village delivery produce stall farmer walked green past fortune tellers games chance ferris wheel band source squealing noise small pen corner churchyard wall pen sat vicar notebook hand cardboard box table front pen hung notice guess weight ten pence shot inside pig farmer watched leaned picked pen hefted hands frowning lips considering piglet struggled madly yelled blue murder moment put stopped eyes bright intelligent eyes met farmer regarded saw tall thin brown faced legs saw small fat pinky white animal short ah vicar ten pence guess weight correctly end taking home don pigs farmer stretched arm scratched gently picked held face stayed sounds funny vicar picked screamed head guess
moment chaos angrily dog ran babe scuttled squealing top voice mixture fright fury closed sticks raised desperately shot legs fell crash striking madly hit dog help yowling half minute carefully planned raid ruined sheep scattered yelling young un bawled ma ran babe won stay row going suddenly sorts things began happen deafening squeals rang quiet countryside birds flew startled trees cows nearby fields began gallop dogs distant farms bark passing motorists stop stare farmhouse mrs heard noise fair stuck head window saw rustlers truck galloping sheep babe dialled talked patrol car drove lane rustlers snarling dogs driven hurriedly single sheep show pains won believe cried mrs husband returned market rustlers huge cattle truck police seen tire marks gateway chap car seen truck hurry lot give alarm screaming shrieking bust eardrums lost sheep place tis thank farmer wife pointing babe telling fly
wasn mistake jason encouragingly cats don tricks fun watching playing fun mean don diego try looked disappointed nap spaniard attempt teach gareth tricks don diego sat table began working papers learned today brightening inca mothers stand children holes ground won run children amazing quill pen moving furiously don diego note gareth hopped don diego table sat watching quill don diego end line gareth hooked padded paw caught pen captain looked surprise began chuckle kind trick game thought trick later gareth stretched purring table don diego leaned stroked cat ears jason cat makes feel pleasant strange sitting don cozier don think sat begged wouldn dignified maybe re soldier don diego added sadly silly trying teach cat tricks days don diego perfectly happy gareth behave cat admitted finally fun don diego drilled soldiers jason gradually put room order gareth barracks afternoons walked city valley
don care geeder want going want stood watching distance razorbacks brute hogs weighing hundred pounds milled children mind geeder hogs angry snorts geeder toeboy sensing didn belong flurry movement animals moved graceful aloof collected empty pails meant leave geeder shouted going move animals today voice surprised loud quiet field geeder found answered turned unearthly squeal uncle ross barn walked broken fence weighted heavy rocks smaller pigs couldn root field swinging gate closed headed road passed uncle ross house look left geeder watched sight wondering hoping turn didn walk road toeboy geeder reached barn found uncle ross filling hole dug hole toeboy asked entrails sow uncle ross seeing geeder questioning face motioned toeboy barn door find inside barn found sow
young scott supposed visit teacher home week hour professor favorite pupil hours scott tripping unpaved streets texarkana times week humming singing scott wonderful music lessons spent fun scott teacher fine musician determined scott learned music possibly began correcting scott mistakes piano insisted scott spend part practicing scales elderly german music teacher black boy friends quickly scott enjoyed practicing piano wanted musical ideas teacher discouraged imagination soon professor realized scott unusually talented boy wasn surprised scott asked learn write symbols musical sounds special afternoon scott teacher listened play scales finished professor smiled today going begin studying going start studying harmony counterpoint scott terribly excited heard news realized studying subjects beginning musical composition ideas compositions professor german accent don rules harmony easier songs scott asked professor shook head fun want write music someday study rules scott excitement returned home
biography history person history person written person autobiography enjoy reading biographies curious lives gain insight feelings ideas reading feelings ideas actions task person sets write biography gather information subject newspapers letters diaries interviews sources biographer decides aspects subject stress helps biographer determine facts include biography facts leave biographer gathered information question arises biographer facts interesting biographer mark evans discovered scott joplin took lessons music professor evans record joplin conversations professor evans imagination recreate conversations based facts collected information subject thoughts feelings scarce biographer facts imagine thoughts feelings tries present accurate picture subject suppose feature writer newspaper texarkana texas assigned write feature story musical genius scott joplin points stress story ideas writing look writer handbook list includes incidents scott joplin early mentioned feature story copy list add incidents read completed list events joplin early write paragraph feature story based information gathered remember include facts feelings joplin music
walked door pushed open standing room big room ancient handsome furniture low fire glowing faintly hearth night light burning side carved posted bed hung brocade bed lying boy crying fretfully mary wondered real place fallen asleep dreaming knowing boy sharp delicate face color ivory eyes big lot hair tumbled forehead heavy locks thin face smaller looked boy ill crying tired cross pain mary stood door candle hand holding breath crept room drew nearer light attracted boy attention turned head pillow stared gray eyes opening wide immense half frightened whisper ghost mary answered whisper sounding half frightened stared stared stared mary help noticing strange eyes gray looked big face black lashes round replied waiting moment colin colin faltered colin craven mary craven uncle father boy father gasped mary told boy didn
moor hidden mist morning rain stopped pouring going doors martha busy mary opportunity talking afternoon asked sit nursery bringing stocking knitting matter thee asked soon sat tha looks th somethin say found crying mary martha let knitting drop knee gazed startled eyes tha exclaimed heard night mary colin found martha face red fright eh miss mary half crying tha shouldn tha shouldn tha trouble told thee nothin tha trouble lose place mother won lose place mary glad talked talked glad cried martha art tha sure tha big lad cry baby passion fair scream frighten knows call souls wasn vexed mary asked stay asked questions sat big footstool talked india robin gardens wouldn let let mother picture left sang sleep martha fairly gasped amazement
pulled stool nearer sofa expression changed remembrance wide curving mouth wide open eyes don let talk dying don let talk living let talk talk look pictures thing talk meant talk moor cottage fourteen lived sixteen shillings week children fat moor grass wild ponies mother skipping rope moor sun pale green points sticking black sod alive mary talked talked colin talked listened began laugh nothings children happy laughed end making noise ordinary healthy natural ten creatures hard unloving girl sickly boy believed going die enjoyed forgot pictures forgot laughing loudly ben robin colin actually sitting forgotten weak suddenly remembered thing thought cousins queer talked remembered simple thing laughed humor laugh midst fun door opened walked dr craven mrs dr craven started actual alarm mrs fell accidentally bumped
jake baseball team needs coach quickly jake teammates print alls team tried hard find coach haven luck jake lives uncle lenny hot shot college athlete musician lenny coach detroit evening rehearsals batter box count shouted game forfeited hands sweating bat heavy couldn pick called grabbed bat hands tugged help lenny screamed lenny groaned matter opened eyes sighed relief turned alarm clock sleep lay thankful wakened nightmare bat heavy pick umpire threatening forfeit game picked bat worst dream bed pulled window shade cloudy gray looked rain rain extra look coach breakfast included milk lenny snores ringing ears school began sprinkle rain harder prayed rain real hard wash game prayed rained game sprinkling school usual soccer games going
jerry trying duplicate andy feat popped try hit home run re swinging groove john fulton hit grounder baseman backed grabbed threw john finished licks run short hold run top wipe bottom half lenny stopped jerry mound fooling pitch chuck fast mow boys hear hear jerry raining harder ok knot stomach thinking jerry took pitches lenny called warmed let move ball game batter promptly didn getting wet batter took sweet moving box conference coach shouted stalling didn hurry finally jerry anxious strike poured fast ball feet high john let jerry pitch shovel ball john scooped mud lenny trotted mound fancy white suit avoiding wet spots making jerry muddy mound talk grass re trying pitch late rehearsal jerry giggled annoyed comedy act kicked dirt
don dare answer rebecca tellin mean father vain foolish shiftless hear spent mother money left children provide leave nice children sobbed rebecca folks help feed clothe educate em responded miranda step upstairs put nightgown bed stay till mornin find bowl crackers milk bureau don want hear sound till jane run dish towels line shut shed doors re goin shower think jane quietly sister bidding don speak mind mirandy lorenzo rebecca father aurelia says husband miranda grimly yes noticed dead husbands truth needs child amount hill beans till father glad daresay remarked jane annual bursts courage mirandy wasn manners wasn religion clap thunder shook house moment peal miranda sawyer ears jane remark fell deafening roar conscience speak speak purpose rebecca mounted stairs wearily closed door bedroom took beloved pink gingham trembling fingers
john ashley built grist mill river interests iron mines quarries owned deal land fertile valley heavily wooded hills operated lumber mills prepared charcoal furnaces iron colonel ashley joined theodore sedgwick sheffield wrote declaration rights declared mankind nature equal free independent town meeting february called discuss present inhuman practise enslaving fellow creatures natives africa colonel ashley took leading part revolutionary war western massachusetts bet occupy important place household respected trusted mistress ashley supervision kitchen house charge herb garden grew green fragrant care political social leaders met ashley house bet heard talk freedom equality knew war england fought goals wondered freedom felt stay colonel ashley home liked mistress ashley person couldn bad mistress ashley lost temper raised voice bet able look mistress ashley eye tell don stop pickin lizzie goin quit mistress ashley poor lizzie bet excellent cook housekeeper mistress ashley lose
harold began working biography examined court records read accounts written children judge looked read inscription tombstone reading original sources find lifeless uninspiring author sources beginning story talent choose vivid details give picture character give order details organized theme freedom writing biography stated freedom important provided details felt order convey idea strong feelings freedom evident describes reaction hearing created free equal heard words tingle nape bet neck shiver ran spine lifted tray set table trembling control hands writing detailed personal author helps understand care makes biography true story suppose newspaper reporter assigned write feature battle freedom follow gather facts notebook events listed order notebook look copy notebook partner list events showing attained goal freedom
california getting sunshine say blame getting pretty sick snow course vacation skiing feel differently ski anastasia looking watch going late school calling charge sam sam interrupted sam favorite patient due respect anastasia remember sam fell window anastasia interrupted dr sam entire body covered pink spots chuckled surprising surprising anastasia aback surprising covered pink spots found surprising earth surprise dr blue spots maybe green re ears sam doctor asked let chart thought nursery school yes anastasia told sam school guessed half kids nursery school half week reason immune able figure don re suddenly adults reason undoubtedly exposed young exposed chicken pox doctor sam chicken pox anastasia father room looked quizzically pointed watch
jean fritz homesick united states born reared china age thirteen going united states mother father jean happy china felt growing opposite side felt growing america things thirteen olds roller skating singing star spangled banner god save king british school united states jean fritz homesick foreign land america streets popular cars henry ford model square shaped car manufactured black clothes boys wear short pants knee wear bow ties straw hats women latest fashion short hair straight dresses daring hems reach knee talk telephone want call ocean send turning television turn radio news entertainment families gather listen hours favorite shows music dance charleston living room exciting things movies famous stars john gilbert mary john early movies sound watch screen read piano players play music suits action screen talkie sound motion picture appears charles lindbergh person fly atlantic ocean ships cross oceans trains cars cross united states flag united states forty stars hawaii alaska territories
risked lives hated father felt rotten hating loved couldn help knew loving wait hours days flat stretches texas happened drove father reported end miles scenery end beginning didn feel moved times ran storms road construction lucky miles trip mother concerned flat tire ozark mountains spare tire jack buried trunk luggage father begin tire point offering help father system loading unloading understood mother set mountainside looking wild flowers watch snakes mother voice happy knew wasn thinking snakes soon stepped car fell love sky fresh blotting paper blue mountains warm piney polka dotted flowers seen window car decided pick kind press gray geography book car mother held skirt making hollow dropped flowers named forget pink wild rose didn pagoda plant wild confetti french knot mother skirt color suddenly realized walked
dawn americans amazed boatload artists susquehanna fine brushes ink stones rolls rice paper making sketches ships crew curiosity obviously stronger fear week pictures black ships hairy barbarians hawked streets sold shops reproduced souvenir banners scrolls fans towels artist reporters acting war correspondents coastline bustling activity women children carrying baskets dirt helped build fortifications thousands soldiers marched fro leaders decided strategic battle positions displayed colorful banners lords arms trained muskets perry squadron strips canvas set coast hide activities americans sailors amused dubbed canvases forts clock morning called governor welcomed aboard susquehanna actually governor police chief real governor wish meet barbarians gave permission place dressed occasion embroidered silk robe lacquered hat padded chin straps clunky clogs looked comical ill ease dutch interpreter introduced person importance commodore perry secluded cabin rightly guessed eminent envoy emperor remained hidden holy japanese soon spoke perry american mikado called quarters abode high mighty
early true tumultuous charles expeditions sir roger repulsed inability french learn power english longbow successive sovereigns successive attempts result end passing claim strong royal claim remote officially recognized independent sovereign national flag double headed eagle saying yea beak nay accepted nations centuries rolled expansion contraction territory remarkable fortune sir roger chosen establish spot lay trade route possessed mines precious metals metals kind harbors waterways commend conqueror portions valleys lay borders reasonably overwhelmingly fertile produced food inhabitants wine export hillsides ground poorer supported sufficient grass graze flocks sheep provided meat wool turn twentieth century unsought unknown supporting free remained happy natural increase population equally natural decrease fertility soil turn twentieth century population thousand commencement war thousand hundred war ii due small extent reduction infant mortality risen thousand need arose import food clothing hundred grand lustily maintained independence compelled look method increasing exports earn additional money essential expanding needs
david dogged stocky slow speech thought lead put side case proposed add ten cent water volume wine stated certainly destroy bouquet hand greatly increase output additional revenue budgeted practicality ensure able import goods food stuffs needed plans offer achieve results reply directly question preferring return attack program held certainly gentleman countenance belief addition ten cent water famous harm bouquet reputation guarantee amount added restricted ten cent maintaining ten cent increase revenue wine exports sufficient present needs surety needs increase prices food wool rising market revenue needed believe continue adding water famous cheap wines produced france consumed frenchmen undoubtedly responsible loss national pride martial spirit proud country program fraught danger grand ensuring survival run bring downfall
things duchess xii thought rode ducal bicycle castle cottage fringes forest mind liked didn partially admit reason elected communist proposal entrusting matter count opportunity finding exactly feel physically ideal told father bushy eyebrows prominent nose tall tended stoop limbs odds frame constructed assorted joints mate impolite looking straight eyes searching hidden motive innocent conversation thinking duchess decided straight point interview found kitchen cottage leather apron waist pair stout boots cobbler rose entered beckoned chair hammer took handful nails mouth expecting grace seated mean expecting demanded coloring pique tell coming election draw impossible democracy side imposing popular representation truest form haven government
dr secluded soundproof laboratory floor administration building columbia university paying attention air raid preparations bachelor gave freedom place felt required contrived living quarters kind laboratory convinced landlady return home roomed ample boardinghouse mckinley era brooklyn drunk knocked car girl friend fallen asleep movie washington busy working mrs reiner landlady woman motherly proportions temperament believed question habits occasional overnight absences disturbed greatly bachelors remain overnight thinking ridiculous expect believe working ridiculous say working columbia university worked columbia university nighttime knowledge janitors dr janitor mrs reiner knew peculiar dr paid rent regularly liked birds mrs reiner liked birds undertook feed doctor return gave private telephone number university call length asked call night mrs reiner acacia street brooklyn president united states america call dr private line secret nuclear physics laboratory
meantime marching fast reached university find devoid menacingly silent dead buildings passed tomblike city increasingly anxious tense minute sure prospects seizing prize bring united states knees dimming expeditionary force grand race capture dr bomb city attacked board brig set sail victory city atom bombed certainly killed venture oddly afraid dying thought failing duchess disturbed tried convince matter patriotism love country anxious determined win resounding victory admit secretly golden hair soft persuasive voice smile gentle personal blessing war patriotism started rapidly matter knight errantry party skirted university buildings find doors securely bolted windows gates shut means entry short force decided break main entrance administration block lieutenant cut tree battering ram force main door
conflict worthy note victorious war grand united states america small point view numbers engaged area fought difficult find word describe satisfy military student inform layman battle certainly engagement vague arms large ring sortie serve undoubtedly sortie breaking force thrust win freedom affair minute measured terms forces engaged sides casualties sustained rank importance major engagements course action lives millions americans saved saved result peculiar irony invading side affair provided invaders means retreating brilliantly field return country objective achieved enemy defeated fact defeat appreciated americans corner hundred tenth street broadway march downtown return brig endeavor dr bomb forces grand met forces united states led general commander civil defense york area general command chauffeur sound trucks armed police seated drivers mobile canteen staff reinforced addition armed policemen
happened fellow threatened blow europe effective agreement concluded outlaw weapons mass destruction thing count hand concede manner reference protocol diplomatic exchanges shocked expression save face secure place history matter written needed execute capital stroke show true genius statesman knew exactly stricken ego extent plan unofficial conversation captive york policemen released signing peace treaty united states general policemen led castle grand border handed american consul awaited count accompanied procession policemen exuberant thought returning native land dish precisely mean count inquired cute replied policeman fail follow look dad policeman don matter account age wife kids knockout real cadillac sex appeal mean days lucky jerk going meet pitch woo solid gold duchess address maybe avenue york maybe beverly hills maybe
clothes worry cotton print tweed suit afternoon frock source advice settled tweed skirt turtleneck sweater hot bicycle deeply aware road slipped cottage drew nearer hopelessly unready occasion count confronted marrying finally cottage nervous bicycle knock door heart beat wildly door opened difficult breathe panic door opened pierce father grace deep gentle voice glimpse tiny twenty conference keeping busy castle don let put pierce advised rulers learn let ruling subjects important aspects government sit pour glass brought bottle wineglasses poured wine glass awkward silence contemplated stem wineglass pierce looked straight inquiring look son inherited mind length reason tell expecting
matter fashion dr strangely garbed selected agreed wear striped trousers cutaway coat occasion parted sports jacket design lapels multitude pockets formal cutaway waistcoat plainly seen parted batteries pencil stubs pens carried instrumental music kind bride entered hall castle walk arm count aisle formed center chorus gallery rear commenced singing ancient hymn latin answered chorus boys deep notes splendidly contrasted high piping walked slowly pretty pages hair appropriately bobbed clad white satin carrying train ladies waiting costumes similar bride yellow duchess reached altar rail nicely timed procession stand shaft gold setting sun flooded window joined altar knelt voices ceased hall chapel end silent touching moment ceremony gentle firm promise love cherish husband parallel pledge contained word obey making nice distinction ruler consort
makes difficult define philosophy diversity views subject matter task philosophy hand presented basic knowledge nature things guide medieval times regarded theology regard auxiliary natural social sciences term philosophy literally means love wisdom sense philosophy aspiration quest storehouse attained knowledge socrates points philosopher claims love wisdom socrates makes philosopher concrete says unexamined worth living follow argument leads sounds inquiring note questioning attitude essential philosophy sounds ethical note recurrent emphasis philosophy aristotle worked content philosophy monumental rich body writings divided philosophy disciplines foremost called philosophy metaphysics knowledge ultimate principles metaphysical emphasis played major role philosophy modern times main emphasis nature knowledge structure mind knows immanuel kant led distinguishes empirical knowledge natural science rational knowledge attainable philosophy discussion today relative roles philosophy science science philosophy look basic knowledge strongest schools modern philosophy positivism holds empirical sciences true knowledge philosophy role merely interpreter critic sciences
cardinal barberini friend galileo explained conflict science religion teach heavens teach heaven missions distinguished astronomers theologians quarrels point cardinal barberini making galileo generalized science religion aims try answer questions try things conflict questions religion tries answer questions existence nature god relation god god government universe especially concern utterly competence science deal religions give answers questions deciding answers true false help science religion try practically bring personal relationship god give basic meaning worth provide medium seek obtain god help follow commandments science things rivalry score science answers questions things describes live accounts structure behavior things ill apply findings produce wide variety things baby foods hydrogen bombs
seek kinds significance study history place find meaning historical knowledge sake ordered accurate picture past satisfies desire objective knowledge need solidarity contact generations restricted present moment lives enriched sense past historians motivated desire record recover past thucydides tells story war participated gibbon recreates fall decline ancient empire fine historians try put meaningful pattern material relate give mess unrelated facts thoughtful selection significant arrangement past events enable find meaning level mere historical description historians readers sought practical type meaning history herodotus seeks commemorate glorious deeds tacitus wants perpetuate conspicuous instances virtue vice polybius points alternation triumph disaster warning pride seek moral edification history claim find moral lessons annals past plutarch biographies illustrious greeks romans belong type historical edification type meaning sought basic pattern historical process answers quest historical meaning according answer history moves recurrent cycles states societies move stages birth growth decline death cycle starts cyclical view dominant ancient greek roman thought history
conscience word consciousness specific kind consciousness moral awareness sense wrong awareness compelling power feel bound commands disobey feel remorse anxiety promise fulfill moral legal obligation conscience involved thinkers ages differ follow voice conscience troubled obey thinkers believe reason force conscience lies external commands sanctions god believe conscience solely matter virtue reason moral consciousness individual person seventeenth century english philosopher thomas hobbes holds sense moral obligation merely response superior power authority religious thinkers view conscience similarly automatic response external power authority god thinkers secular religious emphasize judgment voice reason decisive element operation conscience grounding moral awareness compulsion human reason virtue goes plato stoic philosophers eighteenth century german philosopher immanuel kant forcefully expresses basic idea conscience according kant moral law governs moral external laws sanctions required keeps promises physically moral consciousness commands fulfillment universal moral law moral compelled fear external force desire conform social custom dread divine punishment simply moral righteously fulfilling duties
let clear natural law mean principles human conduct laws nature discovered physical sciences thinkers espouse natural law human nonhuman realms main interest special application according thinkers natural law applied physical things animals inviolable stars atoms disobey laws nature violates moral rules constitute law specifically human nature idea natural order things including human beings conform ancient universal notions major principle religious philosophic systems ancient india china classical greek philosophy plato calls justice applies human soul human conduct western society especially roman jurists theologians middle age find doctrine natural moral law source moral standards basis moral judgments measure justice laws law runs counter precepts natural law held unjust precept natural law seek avoid evil put follows injure render course general principle useless organized society types rights wrongs precisely positive law tries natural law tells stealing wrong injury positive law larceny defines kinds degrees theft prescribes punishments therefor
loyalty faithful adherence personal commitment pledge involves bond persons allegiance principle loyal person faithful bond demonstrates action service sacrifice loyalty mere sentiment opinion embodied actual service servility loyalty mechanical obedience willingly person heart soul person adheres freely firmly values true imposed public opinion loyalty sealed explicit promise instances medieval pledge fealty marriage vow oath allegiance country primary meaning loyalty faithful adherence word promise need explicit verbal word binding uttered signs loyalty love need worn sleeve loyalty concerns kind human community binds friends members family citizens political community adherents religious faith concerned political loyalties forgotten types human fidelity forget loyalty meant conjugal fidelity plighted desdemona rightly tells othello true loyal wife loyalty problem conflict loyalties conflict religous loyalty political loyalty frequently dramatized literature history early christians put adherence faith higher obedience emperor decrees american abolitionists put loyalty moral law higher obedience constitution nazi germans plotted government aided enemy countries war ii ground higher loyalty
socrates basic insight nature teaching compares art teaching ancient craft midwife midwife assists body give birth teacher assists mind deliver ideas knowledge understanding essential notion teaching humble helping art teacher produce knowledge stuff ideas empty passive mind learner teacher active producer knowledge ideas ancients distinguish skills physician farmer shoemaker house builder aristotle calls medicine agriculture cooperative arts nature achieve results nature able produce shoes houses exist produced living body attains health intervention doctors plants animals grow aid farmers skilled physician farmer simply makes health growth regular teaching farming healing cooperative art helps nature learned things aid teacher exceptional individuals acquired wide learning deep insight formal schooling process learning painful teacher help methodical guidance makes learning easier effective basic aspect teaching found cooperative arts organic nature teaching involves relation mind person mind teacher merely talking book animated phonograph record broadcast unknown audience
begin understand books fairly early age instance stories bible parts gulliver travels passages iliad odyssey grow understanding books mature human mind deepened broadened trials experiences obviously understand books child advantage begin process liberal learning youth mental habits young adult accepting tenth rate substitutes real literature thought late learn wise begin early recently helped prepare guide books children twelve eighteen roughly seventh twelfth grades guide intended reading plan parents children proposals makes help answer question reading books school plan divided basic stages age grade level child stage seventh eighth graders children twelve fourteen stage ninth tenth graders fourteen sixteen group stage eleventh twelfth graders youth sixteen eighteen let tell selections decide difficult youngsters teen age levels stage children begin selection odyssey odysseus tells exciting story journeys adventures dip biblical book proverbs practical wisdom listen herodotus telling fascinating stories ancient egypt persia
agreement authors books concerning existence god agreement important problem think god existence proved proved think god existence proved differ greatly proofs employ divide proofs god existence major types called ontological argument called priori proof depends experience conception god according anselm god conceived supreme words greater conceived maintains exist understanding real existence support contention anselm asks consider consequences supposing god exist conception minds greater conceived explains exist understanding lack perfection real existence supreme set conceive anselm concludes supreme exist reality mind slightly version argument offered descartes meditations aquinas rejects argument view amounts saying god existence evident think case argument show unable conceive supreme conceiving real existence aquinas later kant maintain validly infer god existence fact think supreme thinking exist
spain france england explorers settlers began conquest americas mere adventurers quest gold glory cloth intent saving souls religious dissidents seeking haven persecution found strange hostile environment circumstance policy forced contend american natives dominion europeans established beachheads met challenged called indians columbus mistaken belief happened outlying portion indies firmly established indians lived substantial villages tended fields created complex tribal societies religious forms suitable surroundings defense homelands americans prove formidable foes white frontiersmen began westward march continent ancestors indian peoples arrived siberia earlier wandering hunters migrations bison woolly mammoths mastodons land bridge intermittently spanned bering strait seas rose fell ice ages alaska fanned north america south america continued hunters giant prey died gradually adopted lifestyles suitable soils climates lands wandered eastern woodlands plains continued hunt smaller game southwest began cultivation corn beans squash agricultural practices spread northward mexico later center continent supported sizable cities imposing public buildings highly structured society kings priests
legend lifetime famed exploits hunter wilderness explorer indian fighter roles included surveyor strategist legislator magistrate land speculator folk tradition hero worshiping biographers attributed countless mythical feats solid facts remarkable daniel boone born november quaker parents frontier farm present city reading pennsylvania schooling scant liked read learned write neat legible hand daniel mastered grammar spelling woods apt pupil friendly indians taught art spotting tracking game ways living wilderness early contacts boone gained deep understanding appreciation indians tall stood feet boone unusual strength agility presence mind cornered indians edge cliff leaped top tree growing foot cliff safety later trapped tobacco loft shawnee raiders threw armful dry dusty tobacco leaves astonished red escaping temporarily blinded boone white reach kentucky foremost explorers expedition explored central eastern kentucky helped north carolina land speculator judge richard henderson negotiate purchase huge tract kentucky land cherokees company cleared wilderness road cumberland gap kentucky river founded boonesborough boone rewarded large grant land henderson transylvania company lose later company foundered
outposts louisiana floridas spain viewed america western ambitions eye determined obstruct settlement kentucky tennessee madrid strongest weapon orleans mouth mississippi ceded france closing port threaten western farmers ruin orleans outlet european american markets june spain took feared step opened talks john jay secretary foreign affairs effort divide american sentiment offered tempting trading privileges eastern merchants give potential profit sake rowdy frontiersmen return spain minister demanded america agree closing orleans accept postponement strip boundary dispute tentative agreement congress northern states voted accept proposal failed receive required vote states demonstrated willingness northeast sacrifice western rights wave fury frontier matters worse spain busily arming creek choctaw tribes american settlers south caught rage east fear aroused indians frontiersmen began question wisdom remaining loyal united states sensed opportunity power profit events eastern bred kentuckian named james wilkinson wealth influence wilkinson imagined president republic west nation believed spain delighted sponsor buffer united states rousing fellow kentuckians congress wilkinson headed orleans met spanish governor esteban
days speculators canal building boom reeling impact financial panic farmers strollers banks erie canal seen strange majestic sight waterway inching canal hugh barge bearing single item freight large iron object surmounted looked smokestack recognized locomotive wondered machine west america locomotive british engine sputtered clanked mile stretch track pennsylvania built iron horse famous tom thumb took part highly publicized race horse drawn coach coastal states railroad building spree spread regions fact barge borne locomotive erie canal bound railroad operation single track mile line horse drawn cars moved produce adrian michigan lake erie port toledo ohio tiny erie kalamazoo railroad ready switch steam arrival locomotive era open northwest nation northwest took railroads empress takes diamonds newfangled means transportation considered mere supplement waterways means bringing country produce minerals ports rivers canals lakes vision believed railroads eventually nation important form transportation
john colter guide manuel lisa missouri fur company died natural surprise accounted respectability wealth lisa success prove modest compared fellow st william henry ashley andrew henry partner lisa ashley henry began operations conventionally advertising local newspapers enterprising young willing ascend missouri river source recruits names synonymous western exploration feats daring villainy jim bridger james william milton edward rose hugh glass thomas jim famous strong smith smith reasonably educated bridger illiterate half black half cherokee rose mississippi river pirate backgrounds jacksonian americans incarnate true believers power individual alter condition rise poverty wealth exertions prove faith end lives bankers merchants indian agents wilderness guides ashley henry moved missouri boat build fort trading post ashley attacked shore indians ashley decided river route west dangerous hit method tapping beaver country send overland small groups staking provisions exchange portion catch collect yearly rendezvous wild mountains trading indians trap living land seeking fresh beaver country dealing natives
robert de la explorer sovereign king france arrived fourth obtained permission establish colony mouth mississippi france claim river strengthened gulf mexico ships astray landing coast present texas bay texas outpost soon wiped indians disease la eventually murdered fact frenchmen landed region sufficient alarm officials spain concern lessened french succeeded establishing louisiana colony mexico city warnings french threat madrid languid court paid heed french moved closer texas planting colony red river officials mexico decided act dispatched expedition east texas established missions los miles region spanish indians called indian word friendly texas derived spanish founded presidio garrison alamo mission bexar today san antonio madrid claims texas backed minimal spanish presence france remained threat spanish hegemony southwest france induced spain ally britain french indian war conflict moving british victory france ceded louisiana territory spain compensate entering war louisiana british hands
failure hall jackson kelley oregon venture nonetheless planted seed american consciousness eventually blossom migration fanatic dreamed seed took root mind nathaniel cambridge young ice business kelley early supporters unlike older interested oregon reasons patriotic spiritual energy determination thought reap fortune vast wilderness late managed form joint stock company shared view supply ship hired sail round cape horn meet pacific coast exact purpose venture participants intended seize opportunities arose spring party reduced reached independence missouri jumping place caravans headed annual trappers rendezvous guided rocky mountain fur company william reached rendezvous members abandoned group remaining followers pressed guided brother milton arrived fort vancouver october party americans negotiate called oregon trail fort met disastrous news supply ship foundered remaining companions dissolved firm east obscurity john ball decided remain oregon teacher indian wives half breed children french canadian trappers solomon smith calvin farmers willamette valley small group retired hudson bay employees tilling soil americans residence oregon
prosperous england midwestern families sturdy wagons ample livestock penniless frontiersmen hitched wagon trains hired hands simply young restless fiddle footed resist lure horizon early oregon bound pioneers common touchy quarrelsome knowledge wilderness survival techniques hardships lay shared steely determination survive serve meeting brutal tests oregon trail emigrants shared common enemy leave jumping places missouri prairie grass early mid expected livestock survive cross westernmost mountain barriers snows began render impassable mid october left mere months cover miles era miles travel rain swollen river delay wagon train weeks opening stretch oregon trail blooming kansas prairies platte river present nebraska glorious lark expecially children route sinuous meanderings platte emigrants caustically mile wide inch deep terrain gradually higher broken arid river north fork trail past weird formations chimney rock scott bluff fort laramie present wyoming welcome respite pioneers lay fresh supplies independence rock route departed platte swung rockies broad south pass main route dipped southwest fort bridger northwest fort hall
valley brigham young chosen saints abode fertile dry land utterly isolated remote nearest gentile settlements shadow towering wasatch mountains hoped create thriving mormon community land productive careful diversion mountain streams irrigation canals buy land land sell land measured cultivate order private ownership streams canyons timber grows hills belong young scarcely recovered effects mountain fever supervising prototype irrigation system laying capital planned nation salt lake city adult male awarded town lot share farmland propose temple lot acres declared streets feet wide sidewalks feet lots acre lots block young dream escaping sovereignty united states soon end american victory mexico transfer west control remained determined shun gentile influences envisaged salt lake mormon called deseret honeybee industry cooperation favorite symbol deseret cover present utah extend territory captured mexico southern california saints port san diego
mentioned previously sociologists scientific method investigations human behavior important element method logic analysis structures relationships logic applied science system thought directed understanding connections phenomena events occur logical thinking easy reasoning logical illogical closer analysis clouded emotions subjective biases suppose recently appointed college librarian notes reading room jammed students limited experience school occurred reflects reasons phenomenon week final examinations mean students crowd college libraries minute study finals fact reading room filled capacity establish truth librarian conclusion reached strength observation library college full establish event occurs regularly colleges point decides study phenomenon keeps careful records hourly daily reading room semester beginning week final examinations room jammed proven thesis students colleges study school libraries point semester answer evidence students college act prove students colleges let say librarian realizes qualifying original conclusion states beginning week prior final examinations college students college libraries study provided believe need profit preparation
iranian impressions united states startled find impossible view culture born complete objectivity responses completely natural social behavior natural sense biological functioning human organism natural behavior pattern human society influenced culture russian born biological need german natural preference beer biological necessity showers shave drive automobiles behaviors culturally biologically transmitted obviously eaten hours feel physical discomfort select food satisfy hunger culturally determined inherited physiological differences sexes provide biological basis mate selection culture prescribes marriage ritual marriage patterns family behavior largely culturally determined understand culture influences behavior nature characteristics culture considered greater length human beings culture sociologist kingsley davis writes single factor explaining uniqueness culture differences flow culture profound possession human accounts truly unique qualities adds extra dimension existence makes human merely animal language basic characteristics culture culture transmitted variety ways language important vehicles perpetuating cultural patterns english speaking united states differences language patterns set group slow drawl readily recognized style communication common southerners hip language black urban ghetto frequently unintelligible rural suburban americans
term stool pigeon makes think type person repugnant stimulus negative probable attitude stimulus stool pigeon judgment listening baseball game church undesirable rude produce attitude keeps turning radio giants inning values attitudes concrete entities refer ideas concepts presence inferred observing influence convinced god powerful worshiped neighbor judgment inclination attitude act neighbor infer judgment sees attending worship services regularly precepts religion daily verbal statements behavior provide observer accurate reflection underlying values attitudes say certainty writes richard la goes war feels loyalty country say going fears social disapproval type problem faces sociologists social psychologists attempt devise techniques measuring assumed attitudes assessing verbal statements observed actions subjects person claim cheating examinations person attitude opposition practice
noted verbal symbols expressed speech writing stated speech equally applicable written word writing frozen speech borrow phrase richard la paul farnsworth speech verbal action transmit meaning think accomplished speech teach children behave circumstances add subtract read write solve problems sing songs salute flags words establishing laws declaring law violated penalty violation words employed convey idea war coming declared evangelists arouse religious enthusiasm largely words children parents proud times embarrassed words spoken school platform human speech essentially social learned society combination sounds naturally means thing peoples earth react negatively word stink elicit reaction unfamiliar colloquial american speech britain word bloody context curse shock speech learned society words phrases borrowed societies statement nitwit put alcohol ketchup according writer leo rosten entails turkish dutch arabic french malay chinese japanese speech continuously process change phrase monkey uncle means grandfather understand newer expressions bread money grass marijuana ago trip meant simply going europe evanston illinois today term meaning means experiencing effects psychedelic drug lsd
seen process gaining awareness begins infancy develops social experience child interacts human nature social order published cooley advanced theory learn judge imagine judge cooley coined expression looking glass gaze mirror note respond result reactions develop feelings gain conception reflection reflections social mirror basis knowing evaluating individuals largely believe friends acquaintances interact think responses consider bad pleasant unpleasant intelligent stupid student evaluate partly terms impressions believe making instructors students son daughter part think parents consider total impression composite impressions think evaluations imagine behavior give talk class evaluate performance terms believe instructor classmates evaluated talk felt keenly opinion performing satisfactorily try change view improving performance improvement defined mind according standards entirely passive accepting attitudes hold times attempt change opinions want evaluation image agree satisfying
psychological factors personality mental emotional traits largely acquired society influence individual predispositions behave traits include fear dark intelligence ambition claustrophobia liking ice cream psychological factors predispose necessarily person behave fashion influential psychological theory personality viennese physician sigmund freud advanced views quarter nineteenth century half twentieth freud greatly interested psychologically disturbed patients treated seeking understand neurotic personality arrived method therapy known psychoanalysis generally known freudian theory personality heart freud approach assumption social factors inextricably linked psychological factors formation expression individual personality neurotic felt resolve conflict urges desires hand stern expectations prohibitions society freud identified basic elements personality brought reasonable balance individual remain mental emotional health termed elements id ego superego elements exist concrete sense simply provide theoretical model understanding human personality reject model depending find understanding id reservoir untamed drives underlying human behavior directly aware id operates unconscious minds ego conscious rational part personality aware ego operations superego internal voice conscience criticism
secondary processes interaction accommodation assimilation essentially related cooperation involved conflict agree suspend cease hostilities interaction termed accommodation accommodation cooperation emerging conflict situation agreement individuals postpone struggle physically exhausted international level accommodation exemplified permanent adjustments nations warring respective boundaries lay arms sign treaty delineating agreed borders country respect agreement accommodation imagine community ethnic groups hostile engaging open conflict gradually members group group vote issues fight common community perils unite civic improvements children groups find playing parents establishments shop stores attend meetings schools individuals group eventually decide worthy respect conflict diminishes finally exists longer groups accommodated permanently cultural groups living locality process uniting single cultural group form interaction taking place termed assimilation process marked gradual disappearance cultural differences distinguishing groups product prolonged cooperation groups united states received assimilated cultural elements lands
bureaucracy pointed feature formal organizations large scale organizations representatives deal clients employees impersonally atmosphere large organizations extent informal organization exist inside large scale organizations form networks personal relations employees stenographers form clique lunch regularly occasionally spend evening town staff middle management forms bowling team plays team blue collar employees joke play job question plant management group orders blue collar group carry noted page contributed analysis informality formal organization refers bureaucracy face navy points bureaucracy course formally organized marked degree informal arrangements visible rules groupings sanctioned systems procedure formal navy structure informal ways behaving codified book rules despite understood accepted apply generated maintained degree spontaneity lacking activities formal structure officially recognized approved clearly semipermanently established real compelling membership elements official structure informal structure semisecret resists exposure serves significant role providing channel formally prescribed rules methods procedure instance informal procedure passing echelons command communicating officer higher despite prohibition procedure set formal regulations
caste system arrangement status relationships prevents achieving higher status social position accorded birth system enforced equal strictness societies found rigid form social stratification characteristics caste system fixes social distance considered society according dictates nature prescription deity membership caste hereditary ascribed unalterable membership set birth theoretically fixed failure abide requirements caste lead expulsion action members person expelled lost caste relationships members caste carefully defined limited social intercourse persons castes entirely prohibited social intimacy members higher lower castes book mud walls william wiser charlotte wiser indian youth explains changing situation village necessarily typical parts india fewer caste restrictions young things considering caste sitting talking classes biggest helps caste conventions remain caste lower consider marrying caste excerpt rules caste society generally provide marriage caste
speech important helping decisions daily decisions labeled personal arriving number depends speaking personal decision play basketball school team decision partly depend discussion coach trying mind ask person date wish advice friend daily decisions demand tact skill speaker group decisions greater demands person ability speech communication representatives labor management called display finest skills speaking bargaining table members juries speech convince guilt innocence accused asked plan school talent show yearbook staff speaking skills rest group largely determine success failure talent show yearbook decisions government involve communication city council congress holds debates committee meetings issues president discussions cabinet members advisors decide policies adopt officials city national government speeches informed citizens informed problems speak freely order affect actions elected officials amendment constitution united states guarantees freedom speech freedom comes responsibility exercise wisely freedom say think give distort truth harm words give chance try persuade share views reach decisions favor
decided communicate step symbols encode ideas nice method simply pouring ideas head transfer ideas symbol system code known receiver hope receiver decode symbols correctly course symbols unknown receiver fail communicate imagine conversing understands english knows roller coasters suggest riding roller coaster person idea talking symbol word gesture eye contact dress stands idea communicate words symbols explored detail words language symbols called verbal symbols respects language money language medium exchange ideas money medium exchange goods services putting price car making money represent type car heard remarks yes bought station wagon language represents symbolizes ideas minds notice phrase station wagon thing actual station wagon merely representing type automobile words ideas represent symbolizing ideas think word represent identical idea receiver mind represents unfortunately seldom case found talking friend person named tom discover receiver tom mind moments conversation
defining sound science class teacher asked question tree falls remote forest person animal close hear sound answer depends course define sound talking interpersonal communication ask hears sees person sending symbols communication occurring answer communication process sending receiving thing occurring sending communication interpersonal communication process symbols evoke meaning mind similar meaning chapter dealt sending half communication process reception kind mirror image half senders select ideas memory bins change sound sights resulting messages space receivers ears eyes receivers attempt connect symbols receive experiences minds process called decoding extent senders receivers similar backgrounds experiences achieve shared meanings receivers experience senders describing familiar symbols senders communication fail speaks language understand communication difficult times impossible problem course primarily sender share verbal symbols things looking pictures understand basic idea serving food english language symbol waiter represent concept person france symbol garcon
interview source information business government officials news reporters interviews gather material students conduct interviews preparing material reports speeches suppose need information accidents involving bicycles report plan bicycle safety interviewing local police officer bicycle accidents source information topic experts fields generally community main difference interviewee interviewer interviewer manage interview deciding information need choose person wish interview preferably choose expert subject need information city government mayor unavailable busy schedule try contacting member city council working city agency able help person involved city affairs concerned citizen prove source information located consult appointment interview courteous tell person wish interview arrange place convenient interviewee sure thank person concluding conversation polite person refuses grant interview need study material topic informed interviewer job study background information find person interviewed subject person speaking finally write questions ask remember interviewee valuable plan ask questions easily answered consulting books public records sources avoid questions answered yes
group discussion occurs meet solve common problem arrive decision answer question mutual interest idea cooperation basic discussion means members group share desire achieve common goal wish achieve goal exactly willing devote energies reaching group solution promoting individual solutions opinions mean won differences opinion group discussion means member enter group open mind genuinely prepared listen argue discussion groups generally formed definite purpose achieve urgent goal ordinarily goal reached members prepared member prepared actively participate achieve group goal help group reach decision considerable influence forming group decision discussion groups classified purpose audience groups classified purpose meet reasons decision making enlightenment board directors corporation generally meets decide action future group tv commentators discussing unemployment news broadcast hand generally enlightenment listeners primary purpose determining discussion group exists purpose decision making enlightenment basic ways classifying types groups groups classified audience engaged closed group public discussion members group communicating discussion closed group discussion
course experience stage fright speakers feel relaxed front large audience chatting friends dinner table feel happy overconfident free stage fright automatically person public speaker suffers saying goes misery loves company feeling class sweaty palms queasy stomach thought giving speech couldn wrong matter fact part majority research figures show half beginning speakers surveyed reported stage fright experienced speakers totally free nervousness poll members speech class percent report form nervousness giving public speech term stage fright reserved public speakers actors symptoms common tennis baseball players concert pianists circus clowns words give public performance kind uneasy feelings reserved inexperienced speakers performers famous persons seasoned appearing public reported stage fright sir winston churchill considered influential speakers century confessed regular dose stage fright delivering speeches major difference effect stage fright beginner experienced speaker comes handles nervousness occurs substitute platform experience learning control stage fright speakers start build confidence speech begin correctly
speech preparation process building speech mind planning detail help avoid embarrassing mistakes actual delivery speaking classroom speech preparation speech easier involvement topic choose subject fascinates worry speakers spoken topic students choose topic speeches audience analysis key part speech preparation increase chances success discover background attitudes interests audience exactly approach chosen subject depend greatly factors audience analysis classroom speeches easy audience readily questioning speeches class call formal informal polls surveys questioning person invited speak acquaintances plan audience speech topic fit limit fit times delivered speech unsuccessful speaker bored audience talking choosing untimely subject topic fascinating month dead issue month remember topic interesting current lose charm spoken briefly addition considering matters timing earn speak audience expert subject organizing thoughts speech begins survey topic speeches starting point
listener runs greater risk missing ideas poorly stated reader audience fails understand small part speaker language part message lost speeches characterized clarity language language public speaking simple clear listeners easily understand spoken sentences need shorter simpler written number sentences speech difficult listeners follow harder audience pay attention length spoken language calls short simple sentences similarly spoken language calls simple words simple words considered sign clear language simple words short words short ordinary vocabulary audience occasion speaking peers age group similar level education selection language easy simply choose words typically conversation speaking younger group educated audience adjust language level downward appropriately watch listeners feedback carefully signs lack understanding address special group vocabulary sports group religious group permissible special words group entire audience understand language true addressing groups composed audience members specific region cultural group member group nearly listeners understand special regional cultural terms feel free
think speech begins speak word audience makes judgments moment rise seat approach speaking platform nonverbally communicate confidence poise leadership nervousness disorganization timidity simply manner approach platform command walk platform vigorously hastily arrange notes lectern turn face listeners look sides audience seconds beginning speak unhurried beginning assures present confidence command situation speak establish eye contact listeners look directly eyes audience members listeners feel devoting attention personally conversing person greater proportion speaking devote eye contact deeper positive impression looking listeners performs important function makes monitor feedback feedback simple total visible audible reactions audience speaker consist yawns smiles boos nodding heads hisses questioning looks fidgeting seats extemporaneous delivery largely free read listeners feedback adjust approach maintain positive feedback making eye contact look audience member seconds speak turn head slightly look don forget sides room front speakers turn heads farther look listeners cheated eye contact beginning speakers report looking directly listeners makes nervous confused
hot summer lived southern ute reservation southwestern colorado cornfield drought corn burned july evening going fishing going friends charley huckleberry charley huckleberry member council maybe smoke fish salt morning wagons reservation line camped caught fish ate fill days children summer ate fish picked berries cornfields worry evening wrestled ran races children threw stones women sat talked happy town buy candy children charley huckleberry broke camp town bought candy children women store fingered skirt cloth admired money skirt cloth spent money let river camp catch fish charley huckleberry guessed river camped plenty fish ripe caught fish women children picked berries days set racks smoked fish didn eat stayed week river found place berries fish
ago wanted quit months reservation owed money company store money pay pay dollars dollars quit signed paper blue elk house told bessie george married bessie george married blue elk boy married boy baptized baptized bessie asked preacher sprinkles holy water wash water dirty bessie preacher blue elk cost dollars dollars bessie told money pay dollars week blue elk george dollars pay desk gave blue elk took preacher preacher words wrote paper married asked wanted boy bessie black bull choose needs preacher thomas call tom bessie didn matter black bull pick preacher sprinkled water boy head bessie laughed ran eyes nose
winter high country short white days bring black hunger ute lived generations grandmothers land speak language ice locked valleys bessie boy gathered willow shoots black stem ferns bark ripe grasses winter basketry rawhide cut shaped frames wove thongs webs snowshoes bow shaped feathered arrows snow built depths valleys thickets deer feeding took fresh meat deer fat taught boy set snares rabbits drifts lay deep cold shriveled rocks shrank days stewpot full simmering winter moccasins winter leggings shirts things wove baskets told tales sang songs winter passed leaves aspens oaks surging streams quieted spring fished picked meat dried boy big help things leaves fell ice snow whitened peak winter passed wailing storms roaring snow slides shrunken days blue elk sheriff looking aspens leaf mariposa lilies bloomed cotton grass blossom damp cool meadows high benches gathered food lived lived days aspens turned gold showered leaves lodge wanted round
horses blue elk pony afraid bears send boy cub ahead walk lead pony morning easier approached town blue elk realized bear create uproar possibly shooting town town rugged hills reached road traveled road met horseman fired shots bear revolver horse dancing road shots wild hit bear horse bolted blue elk led hills road south agency reservation road utes reservation utes respected bears shrug unexpected things sight boy clout bear cub heels sight agency blue elk wondered things wished things rid bear hard manage things changed bear stay tell trouble understand things boy understand nodded buildings agency headquarters school dormitory barns stables pens corrals flagpole stood front headquarters red white blue flag top boy watched flag wondering meant
benny left room find neil square faced dane charge stables livestock want secure bear benny told neil let loose say lock neil found took rope breaking pen neil bear choked submission chain neck snubbing post benny pocketed keys morning breakfast luther spotted dog scratches face bruise closed eye thomas walked limp wrists raw benny table sat luther english hard night bad night luther killed tie sleep bring class breakfast benny ordered food thomas smelled sausage pancakes pushed plate started leave table luther caught arm forced chair sat angry silence till meal luther took carpenter shop fifteen boys class benny introduced thomas black bull thomas stared coldly class began thomas window stood room boys whispered ute braids took shavings hung ears boys laughed luther spotted dog benny told quiet whined bear laughed
blue elk arrive later late afternoon hitched pony rack agency headquarters fred desk agent fred told agent send agent asked days ago blue elk shrugged looked smug agent seen weeks busy rid bear brought boy thomas black bull blue elk eyes narrowed answer want bear mountains blue elk shook head blue elk smiled bear agent smiled grimly boy bear bring boy bear stay mountains blue elk pondered worrying mind easy thing easy agent knew blue elk giving real reason glad give boy bear bald mountain don horse mountain side horse mountain blue elk relax journey days mountains rid bear bring boy
midafternoon looked distance wide gully began spread ahead miles tom dark green trees coming sharp walled canyon san juan picking water half dozen big creeks passed river swept arc corner mexico swung north plowed utah incredible canyons colorado looped silvery snake hiding arid flatlands bluff walled shallow canyon rim bluff looked huge cottonwoods lush grass river ox bowed canyon walls trail led bluff rode tom saw weathered cabin trees log barn set pole corrals cabin garden patch green rows beans pepper plants bent hoeing garden rode barn turned horses corral red led cabin leather faced mexican hump shoulders put hoe meet tom meo red re going teach tom bronc twister meo looked tom asked red win red shook head luck changed tom going aztec shirts maybe meo turned garden cabin room fireplace end front fireplace plank table benches
show parade morning barbecue noon round round rodeo parlance events afternoon programs semifinals morning final round afternoon arena local baseball field pens chutes built bright planks infield corrals thrown outfield bucking horses wild steers calves small rodeos program consisted calf roping steer riding bareback bronc riding saddle bronc riding wild horse race wild cow milking contest thrown laughs bigger rodeos added steer wrestling program brightened pretty girls trick riding big circuit rodeo especially playing major cities beginning add horse show events glitter style aztec minor show built heart core rodeo riding unbroken roping untamed calves classic event historic reason rodeo saddle bronc riding fundamentally horse cowboy trying master unbroken bronco thing tom rode drunken cowboy fractious horse dusty street win dollar ride chute red place san juan ride according standard rodeo rules hold rein hand touch saddle horse hand rake spurs feet moving ride ten seconds horn blow mounted pickup alongside rein rider let rider pivot saddle bucking bronc swing ground
harvested beans pulling vines piling tarp flailing stick took broken vines winnowed beans scooping flat basket holding basket high slowly pouring beans fresh tarp wind blew broken pods chaff slow meo hurried takes waits sun rain grows tell hurry eat wait grow need tell scooped basketful poured beans slowly watching broken pods drift dry hard beans flow pattering stream tarp things born threshed beans winnowed sat ground sorted handful handful picking bits stem small brown pebbles put beans storage bags sun warm air mild cottonwoods ceased noisy scolding unhurried beans tom asked meo live minute meo silent sorted handful beans asked tom answered meo words live live reservation herded sheep lived mountains leave mountains took father mother dead
collected notes face fundamental problem exactly summarize problem simple glance experience students shown defects summary themes result apparently imperfect idea needed solve problem produce summary theme mind literary asked summarize major elements consider english novelist forster conveniently classified elements story main events details happenings chronological order plot reasons logic underlying story causing story form essence plot existence conflict opposing forces singly groups natural supernatural force conflict produces actions interactions culminate climax denouement words attention plot requires formulate idea story question course happens story events easily verified room interpretation subjectivity plot reasons characters things clear characters literature mean things equally deducible story show plot ways short story summarized sample theme scott fitzgerald babylon revisited illuminating story relates unsuccessful attempts regain custody daughter laws took child confined sanitarium alcoholism
theme conclude explanation attitudes fourth eighth theme largest terms space section important remarks greater weight analysis gratifying describe opinions based calm rational thought prejudice prejudice result emotion lead rejecting poem don poetry considered opinion hand result thought result criticism succeed tries likes dislikes definite place section combine judgment answer questions important literary affect feel satisfied complete happy reading think bad feel author section place individual thoughts reactions afraid speak mind sound basis ideas text literature interesting moving enjoyed affect duty say try assess blame failure properly fault dealing questions learn dealing questions evaluation appreciation words fundamental study literature quickly section easiest hardest evaluation appreciation
extremely popular theme subject courses drama analysis character writers ancient times wrote character sketches stories medieval renaissance writers chaucer adept creating character real interest particularized fictional characters develop seventeenth century eighteenth century emerged important literary form advent modern psychology interest patterns human behavior age course drama emphasis main character popular ancient athenians times vital literary forms recollect novels dramas read seen realize characters reactions extended series actions attempts successful unsuccessful shape events drama similar show interactions character action full detail genres add epic narrative poetry center character action short stories poems aim fullness larger forms concentrate essential high points human experience word character synonymously person human literary figure individual personal qualities characteristics senses retained speak character character sense amplified words equivalents modifications character psyche soul ego consciousness oral fiber terms mean sum total typical qualities propensities individual controlled individual drives aims ideals morals conscience
ideas include body theme concentrate depending story poem analyzing principal aim say setting assigned length relationship physical characteristics setting general observation characteristics author careful mention details setting fruitfully discuss details attempt re create think author envisaged observations qualities setting settings shirley jackson lottery franz penal colony treated questions attempt answer setting re created imagined reader details setting specific vague bearing details action story constantly put action begun details neglected author possibly mentioned basis study conclusions draw author ability paint verbal picture author describe shapes distances colors vice versa perceptive smells sounds introduce details need arise rely descriptions instances author emphasizes effect environment character giants earth melville story bartleby scrivener theodore roethke poem dolor aim theme subject type describe details setting select details bearing character speak effects
ways direct indirect authors express ideas descriptions convenient analysis literary methods occur simultaneously author makes direct statements ideas order guide deepen understanding story george eliot noted discussions human character motivation interspersed novels author manipulates literary devices metaphors similes settings physical descriptions interpreted statements ideas stories salinger introduction bright intuitive child importance symbol child suggests salinger idea insights children close god serve evidence god reason spiritual emotional stimuli jaded adults author states ideas person literary devices consider face reasonable discuss ideas attribute author remember attribution weight absolute biographical fact reading author mind author exercise express ideas moment ideas agree writing theme say george eliot believes faulkner idea realize limitations statements talking absolutely authors talking works reservation remarks author ideas acceptable frequently narrating persons authors write point view character frederick henry farewell arms gulliver gulliver travels
assumptions close reading theme read page read entire book page part read speech read entire play read poem poet read poems poet underlying assumptions literary part absolutely essential eliminated damage writings author form homogeneous unit contributing unity close reading individual passage entire essential truths author studied reading passage poem ability handle entire works say writing analytical reading theme automatically qualifies read author maintain reading passages joyce makes read passages wake immediately showing skill ability bring knowledge understanding bear specific passage develop conceived response interpretation close reading passage requires awareness style prosody focus theme touch elements indirectly focus attention passage assigned rich meaning need select super abundance thin cover works writers generally offer god plenty study close reading theme frequently assigned courses drama interpretation poetry assigned course including courses novels short stories
real sense studies literature directly indirectly concerned structure talk happy unhappy ending short story fact consider conclusion relation inevitably mention earlier parts story demonstrated earned deserved happened consideration touch logic story action subject structure similarly considering shakespeare sonnet observe quatrain compares speaker dead trees twilight dying extinguishing fire determine logical topical relationship quatrains discussing structure structure closely tied phases literary study ask structure unique theme ideas summary theme differ theme structure difference emphasis studying structure emphasize logic underlying major divisions analyzed summary theme emphasize events ideas cast reasonable plan organization theme ideas emphasize ideas importance apparent fact matter topic writing finished theme related structure major parts theme conveniently dictated organization primary concern ideas events things tone point view imagery relevant substance discussion structure literature parts introduced accidentally
introduction discussion idea influences form arranged according stanzas cantos books scenes acts chapters sections try determine logic arrangement emphasis parts bears idea statement accepted governing idea plan relationship part part talk movement part part end note expectation logic part require events follow author provide events exceed ordinary requirements logic movement depend mental functioning consequent action character author demonstrate functioning actions truly part character graph drawing helps explain structure aid discussing relationship part part concentrating emotions structure wish discuss pattern progression emotions relationship emotion emotions felt earlier later emotions occur reflection expect occur complications develop emotions sorrow tempered satisfaction seeing justice happiness complicated insult injury characters wish concentrate dominant emotion anxiety empathy techniques control materials author employ order maintain emotion disclose hold things create mystery provoke tension illustrating depths character dilemma
word image refers single literary comparisons reference watcher skies image imagery broader term referring images passage imagery line stanza entire imagery eliot prufrock group works imagery shakespeare roman plays entire body works development shakespeares imagery describe relationship writer ideas images metaphors chooses objectify terms coined richards philosophy rhetoric tenor sum total ideas attitudes literary speaker author tenor million dollar check image joy elation vehicle details carry tenor vehicle check image description receipt check similarly tenor sextet keats sonnet chapman homer awe wonder vehicle reference astronomical geographical discovery imagery important expository imaginative writing fact difficult find piece writing employ imagery extent imagery vital imaginative writing promotes understanding makes suggestions implications nonlogical processes central expository writing imagery embodied words descriptions denote sense experience leads associations single word naming flower say rose evokes definite response readers person visualize rose recall smell associate summer sun pleasant days recall love respect bouquet roses represents gift
autumn town england giant balloon slowly inflated gas looked wrinkled skin huge monster gradually puffed swelled henry coxwell balloonist examined ropes held anchor ground shouldn want nearby shops noticed balloon taking shape wandered going small group standing field members british association advancement science looked air ownership paid balloon gas filled balloon nearly ready closed carriage drove stepped professor james glaisher noted scientist heavy beard wearing big fur coat carefully carrying large thermometer walked balloon assistant carrying tubes bottles instruments large telescope re ready dr glaisher coxwell called took places big wicker basket let er command ropes freed anchor balloon floated upward luck luck members british association called goes lot money air members balloon cost pretty penny
story eighty days jules verne hero story phineas fogg raced raced win bet set speed record phineas fogg traveling balloon achievement written book fantasy able travel eighty days book popular fantasy challenged imagination readers readers imagination challenged nellie bly nellie bly pen elizabeth cochrane newspaper reporter called reporter america point early career nellie bly decided leave pittsburgh dispatch york nellie bly applied job offered services reporter part balloon ascent ascent sponsored owner joseph pulitzer received word reporter selected discourage nellie bly fighting wanted wanted reporter finally strong determination won position reporter nellie bly idea traveling turned finally november assignment nellie asked question race
began sunny august lay hammock reading book traveling balloon read imagined soaring huge balloon jumped asked traveling balloon lot balloons worked balloon factory planning began fantastic journey read book travel find move talk balloon company worked news forthcoming trip spread quickly factory chief engineer offered help design splendid balloon house attach splendid silken balloon wanted walls living room lined shelves wanted shelves books maps globes concerned mattress material balloon filled gas big person knew weight hold mattress figure thing tie mattress metal posts floor untied mattress float ceiling didn want stay indoors trip friends agreed build porch house sit enjoy warmth sun cool evenings
film sue missed step stairs felt pocket thought hide fast wonder film sue closed door room hiding place looked walls decorated colorful travel posters maps clutter maple dresser desk night table rejected obvious hiding places tiger place left film bang crash noises downstairs sounded house wrecked sue opened door asked husky voice grumbled maybe country sure upstairs search maybe kid knows husky voice say maybe re let find sue closed door looked studied things top dresser purse small wooden chest camera sue stared camera worth try quickly slipped film box pocket took film camera replaced uncle ted film put film box slid box pocket door opened tall rope hands uncle ted hands tied face gray
twenty brothers sisters finley tapped annabelle drowned black river suddenly flooded swamp finley tapped story tail annabelle finley talks finley helpful creature station took hold broom tail humped coiled broom put nose floor sweeping job finley swept station clean whistle morning biggest help finley gave annabelle helping report trains snake tongue forked radio antenna finley slither station windowsill stick head extend tongue pick sounds oncoming trains thirty miles slither annabelle big chair taking nap crawl annabelle face gently finley touch annabelle cheek forked tongue wake ok finley annabelle say train let send signals annabelle letter railroad company sad listen finley tapped news moved station
didn try look pitiful guessed mom hugged poor marco called marco things bad cut piece pie waited finished crumb call police station report bike stolen mark nodded chance pick phone rang mark remembered secret message kelly sounded delighted bet thief found note flipped thief found mark realized kelly changed hiding places bike took handle grip side rolled message shoved hollow metal part beneath trick push paper lost messages discovered grip put tell message inside person riding bike grip turned mark kelly whispered mark thief flipped double trouble kelly gleefully wrote double trouble kind message hard decode found
andrew read list didn sound secret recipe mother things course didn maybe secret part paid fifty cents find climbed kitchen counter reach cabinets found lemon refrigerator onion mrs marcus onions basement bin andrew ran downstairs selected small recipe called speck skin andrew wondered chose big blue glass start glassful drink wanted freckles point overdoing mother grape juice andrew thought filled glass halfway added ice cube drinks tasted cold sure added ingredients mother kinds wine vinegar plain vinegar andrew picked wine put hot mustard spoonful mayonnaise plenty pepper salt ketchup hard pour olive oil vegetable oil olive oil maybe stuff looked water olive jar sharon meant put spoonfuls lemon andrew cut half squeezed
andrew waited bell rang hurried class sat took book tried read heard lot whispering didn look miss kelly snapped fingers let settle children stop chattering giggled funny funny lisa tell joke lisa stood andrew miss kelly look andrew marcus stand andrew let look miss kelly andrew stood heavens andrew grew freckles miss kelly andrew knew blue dots looked silly didn care turned sharon stuck tongue sharon frog face miss kelly took deep breath sit andrew let morning recess nicky lane turned heard blue freckles andrew didn answer sat class blue freckles couple times miss kelly looked kind funny didn say clock called desk andrew miss kelly secret formula removing freckles voice low low class couldn hear free andrew asked yes miss kelly free andrew scratched head thought
interesting stories told origin popular foods stories based fact stories decide ago ice cream served dishes wanted scoops vanilla ice cream vendor put dish stood ice cream stand ate ice cream returned dish dish washed serving ice cream found accident find ice cream vendor fair st louis ran dishes nearby pastry vendor rolled crisp pastry cone ice cream vendor put scoop ice cream handed ice cream cone customer start america favorite treats bite cone think vendors ago found serving ice cream hundred ago baker naples italy dough left bread baking wanting waste dough patted flat big circle added bits sausage cheese tomatoes spices things found kitchen pie baked tasted thought delicious soon bakers naples baking pies called pizzas
miss price dropped eyes unhappily paul admitted low voice re started late trouble wicked hardest part asked carey miss price told sadly natural gift paul charles paul nearer sat chair staring miss price longed ask minute found courage bit magic paul exclaimed carey don worry miss price magic sprained ankle yes protested paul hotly lying miss price miss price tired paul quick home carey charles looked quickly direction miss price eyes paul chair empty paul sitting perched yellow frog carey charles exclaim paul staring expectantly miss price cried carey gasp wonderful wonderful felt breathless afraid magic spell seen eyes didn complained paul carey looked impatiently don silly paul turned frog
stay pete eleven chuck rawlins low voice friend groped dark path inside flashlight don sneaking empty house especially haunted ten pal pete davis answered cellar trapdoor chuck heavy flat door gave chilling squeak boys lifted handle open case leave hurry turn flashlight pete chuck snapped light stairway floor hall daylight reached floor landing pete asked upstairs strange lights chuck whispered led center hall started stairs fourth step gave loud groan sending cold chill spine step chuck warned suddenly heard faint scratching sound let pete whispered grabbing chuck jacket chuck going upstairs coming boys heard noise sounds dragging chains chuck whispered rubbing sleeve damp face want pete asked uh huh chuck whispered reached top step pete stopped suddenly sh whispered heard door shut chuck let follow hallway
stood moment knowing frank barton continued known bad condition mumbled pen piece paper write pete asked impatiently wrote bank money wanted confess died sorry money spent sign hand fell limp barton sighed worse shape lived mine hope stared floor piece paper chuck asked yes signature worthless barton show mother chuck asked won help proof innocence buried weeks ago frank barton replied handing note chuck soon chuck pete left morning chuck house early mom says reason hopeful wants office clock afternoon barton mom pete stop school lose barton boys entered mrs rawlins law office afternoon stood looking face stranger don barton asked
directions making model totem pole wish model totem pole tell story important interesting funny event events happened making model totem pole variety containers including gallon ice cream containers cardboard cartons large coffee cans frozen juice containers directions call cardboard cartons directions easily adapted containers things need large cardboard cartons brown wrapping paper scissors glue paint sheets colored construction paper wrap cardboard box brown paper paint box paint stick add soap flakes paint decorate box decorations painted cut construction paper glued finally stack boxes model totem pole boxes glued pole toppling cowboy artists charles marion russell painted pictures showed cowboy exciting colorful songs sung cowboys trail tell story cowboy describes trail cowboys sang song drove herds longhorn cattle north texas railroad shipping points kansas
stepping friends playing game arrows tall young handsome bright asked enter contest readily accepted clan playing hoop rolled clan met flying arrows arrows aimed strike edge hoop favorite sport indians grown bets outcome tall young entered game players forgot clan played doubling chances lose young arrows flew approaching hoop aim wonder won worldly goods won things arrows bows war clubs won valuable belongings robes blankets horses young friend light stood watching lately light returned fasting custom seeking adopted medicine known son morning star meaning morning star adopted medicine boyhood young light called son morning star practiced hoops willows wound smooth stripped bark roll hoop shoot arrows
thunderstorm passed mountains unusual flashes drew young attention storm passed tall rocks instantly stopped strange feeling young noticed nest nearby closer nest small bird appeared edge nest beckoned carefully young crept nest ran straight leaning raised cry quiet voices small birds reached ears realized nest thunderbird large powerful young listened birds walked edge nest saw lonely young calling adopted bird asked bird stranger help slowly edge saw grew afraid enemy morning star adopt killed bird thunderbird strong morning star able birds morning star guess turning young thunderbird friend desire son dive river times east west north south
tiptoeing path trees end widow garden stooping branches wouldn scrape heads passing kitchen fell root noise laid miss watson big nigger named jim setting kitchen door pretty clear light stretched neck minute listening says dah listened tiptoeing stood touched nearly likely minutes minutes warn sound close place ankle itching scratch ear begun itch shoulders die couldn scratch noticed thing plenty times quality funeral trying sleep sleepy anywheres won scratch itch upwards thousand places pretty soon jim says say whar dog cats ef didn hear set listen tell hears ag
months run winter school spell read write say multiplication table times thirty don reckon live forever don stock mathematics anyway hated school stand uncommon tired played hookey hiding cheered longer school easier getting sort widow ways warn raspy living house sleeping bed pulled pretty tight cold weather slide sleep woods rest liked ways getting liked bit widow coming slow sure satisfactory warn ashamed morning happened turn salt cellar breakfast reached quick throw left shoulder bad luck miss watson ahead crossed
pretty soon judge thatcher courts give money stopping school catched couple times thrashed school dodged outrun didn want school reckoned spite pap law trial slow business appeared warn going started borrow dollars judge getting cowhiding money drunk drunk raised cain town raised cain jailed suited kind thing line hanging widow told didn quit trouble wasn mad show huck finn boss watched spring catched took river mile skiff crossed illinois shore woody warn houses log hut place timber thick couldn find didn
close clock island raft mighty slow boat going canoe break illinois shore boat didn thought put gun canoe fishing line eat sweat think things warn judgment put raft island expect found camp fire built watched night jim anyways stayed building fire fooled warn fault mine played low streak began show tied towhead big bend illinois side hacked cottonwood branches hatchet covered raft looked cave bank towhead sand bar cottonwoods thick mountains missouri shore heavy timber illinois side channel missouri shore place warn afraid running
turned truck gang stole wreck found boots blankets clothes sorts things lot books spy glass boxes rich lives prime laid afternoon woods talking reading books general told jim happened inside wreck ferryboat kinds things adventures didn want adventures texas crawled raft found nearly died judged fixed didn saved saved saved send home reward miss watson sell south sure uncommon level head nigger read considerable jim kings dukes earls gaudy dressed style put called majesty grace lordship stead mister jim eyes bugged interested
judged nights fetch cairo bottom illinois ohio river comes sell raft steamboat ohio free states trouble night fog begun towhead tie wouldn try run fog paddled ahead canoe line fast warn saplings tie passed line edge cut bank stiff current raft booming lively tore roots fog closing sick scared couldn budge half minute warn raft sight couldn twenty yards jumped canoe run stern grabbed paddle set stroke didn hurry untied tried untie excited hands shook couldn soon started took raft hot heavy towhead
smoke couldn noticed fish lines cook hot breakfast watch river kind lazy lazy sleep wake look maybe steamboat coughing stream side couldn tell stern wheel side wheel hour wouldn hear solid raft sliding yonder maybe chopping re raft ax flash don hear ax head hear chunk took water put listening stillness thick fog rafts things beating tin pans steamboats wouldn run raft close hear talking cussing laughing heard plain couldn sign feel crawly spirits carrying air jim believed spirits says spirits wouldn say fog
asked considerable questions wanted covered raft laid daytime running jim runaway nigger says goodness sakes runaway nigger run south allowed wouldn account things says folks living pike county missouri born died pa brother ike pa lowed break live uncle ben horse place river forty mile orleans pa pretty poor debts squared warn left sixteen dollars nigger jim warn fourteen hundred mile deck passage river rose pa streak luck ketched piece raft reckoned orleans pa luck didn hold steamboat run forrard corner raft night overboard dove wheel jim pa drunk ike considerable trouble coming skiffs trying jim saying believed runaway nigger
sun didn tie king duke turned looking pretty rusty jumped overboard took swim chippered deal breakfast king took seat corner raft pulled boots rolled britches let legs dangle water comfortable lit pipe getting romeo juliet heart pretty duke begun practise duke learn say speech sigh put hand heart pretty says bellow romeo bull say soft sick languishy idea juliet dear sweet mere child girl bray jackass couple swords duke oak laths begun practise sword fight duke called richard iii laid pranced raft grand king tripped fell overboard took rest talk kinds adventures times river
crept doors listened snoring tiptoed stairs warn sound anywheres peeped crack dining room door watching corpse sound asleep chairs door open parlor corpse laying candle rooms passed parlor door open warn remainders peter shoved front door locked key wasn heard coming stairs run parlor took swift look place hide bag coffin lid shoved foot showing dead face wet cloth shroud tucked money bag lid hands crossed creep cold run room door person coming mary jane coffin soft kneeled looked put handkerchief begun cry couldn hear
getting ladder started stairs girls room door open mary jane setting hair trunk open packing things getting ready england stopped folded gown lap face hands crying felt awful bad course says miss mary jane bear trouble tell niggers expected beautiful trip england spoiled didn going happy knowing mother children warn going busted flung hands says dear dear think going inside weeks says laws think budge throws arms neck told say say say spoke sudden close place
fetching nice looking gentleman nice looking younger arm sling souls yelled laughed didn joke judged strain duke king reckoned turn pale nary pale turn duke let happy satisfied jug buttermilk king gazed gazed sorrowful give stomach ache heart think frauds rascals admirable lots principal king let side gentleman looked puzzled death pretty soon begun speak straight pronounced englishman king king pretty imitation give gent words imitate turned crowd says surprise wasn looking acknowledge candid frank fixed meet answer brother misfortunes broke arm baggage put town night night mistake
morning village bought wire rat trap fetched unstopped rat hole hour fifteen bulliest kind took put safe place aunt sally bed spiders thomas franklin benjamin jefferson elexander phelps found opened door rats aunt sally standing top bed raising cain rats dull times took dusted hickry hours catching fifteen sixteen drat meddlesome cub warn likeliest nuther haul pick flock seen likelier lot rats haul splendid stock sorted spiders bugs frogs caterpillars thing hornet nest didn family home didn give stayed allowed tire tire
feeling pretty breakfast took canoe river fishing lunch took look raft found home late supper found sweat worry didn end standing bed minute supper wouldn tell trouble let word letter didn need knowed soon half stairs turned slid cellar loaded lunch took room bed half past eleven tom put aunt sally dress stole going start lunch says butter laid hunk says piece corn left laid says says slide cellar fetch mosey lightning rod stuff straw jim clothes represent mother disguise ready ba sheep shove soon
town breakfast couldn track tom set table thinking saying looking mournful coffee getting cold eating says give letter letter yesterday post office didn give letter forgot rummaged pockets somewheres laid fetched give says st petersburg sis allowed walk couldn stir break open dropped run tom sawyer mattress doctor jim calico dress hands tied lot hid letter thing handy rushed flung tom crying says dead dead dead tom turned head muttered showed warn mind flung hands says alive thank god snatched kiss flew house bed ready scattering orders left niggers fast tongue jump
lived prince robes tall crown prince lived house mother lived morning prince mother sat eat prince mother boy find princess marry mother prince marry soon looking princess prince pretty girls princess marry girl princess say mother stop looking find princess don looking today mother prince window going rain cats dogs today don let rain stop mother find princess prince mother called horse rode rain fell prince rode horse rode roads stopped times look pretty girls princess knows prince marry princess late night prince returned home robes wet
bug friend yes bug friend ladybug sunny days find ladybugs trees flowers window ladybugs found anyplace ladybug shines penny black red golden spots ladybugs big help oranges land kinds bugs eating oranges stop ladybugs orange farmers farmers took care ladybugs ladybugs laid eggs ladybugs ladybugs laid eggs soon ladybugs ladybugs put boxes orange trees boxes opened ladybugs flew airplanes sky swish zoom fields full ladybugs ladybugs saved oranges ate bugs oranges soon bugs ladybugs eat oranges orange farmers think ladybug friend hop farmers think ladybug friend ladybugs eat bugs eat hop plants hop plants grow big strong hop farmers burn fields
ago hippopotamus called baby blue lived mother father river jungle jungle roads signs houses tree looks tree river looks river hard lost jungle animal big baby hippopotamus lost mrs hippopotamus told baby blue eat want play want float tip nose water wish river home jungle side river baby blue hippopotamus tried play river home lie quietly sun sandy river bank float tip nose water baby blue happy thing sad side river places baby blue wanted floated water pretty birds jungle fly places side river call baby blue places bank river home
dark place house small moves fast spider spider home dark place want close home close web spider web maybe seen spider web spider makes tiny threads webs big small webs look spider web web kind trap spider catches food trap touched spider web threads sticky spider makes web puts threads threads sticky coating insect touches web caught threads spider stick web thing spider knows threads sticky threads sticky spider special oil feet spider walk sticky thread oil keeps getting caught special glass makes spider bigger look glass count spider legs legs look closely spider legs tiny hairs tiny hairs important spider insect spider web web starts move
kinds spiders spiders live part live hot jungles live dry places live north highest places spiders hairy called wolf spiders wolf spiders webs walk looking food spiders called jumping spiders wolf spiders webs jump food cat jumps mouse spiders float top water looking food spiders live water kind tent water carry air trap tent stay tents days spiders dig holes ground close top hole trap door insect comes spider jumps hole catches insect spiders put small plants trap doors doors hard small spiders live flowers leaves change color look flowers sitting red flowers spiders red sunflowers yellow leaves green find spiders look find watch carefully color kind food hunt
ladybug hand ladybug ladybug fly home eat garden friend ladybugs bugs eat tiny tiny bugs eat gardens think fence spider web spider france garden spider web catches enemies garden fly web stick till spider comes things help garden wild brown rabbit help france saw rabbit chased garden helps rabbit rabbit help garden rabbit eat garden garden wild brown rabbit garden ground waiting sun warmed seeds night hear rain falling thing morning mornings ground looked brown toad saw spider hide web green thing morning beans bean round big hands ground beans push ups soon plants put seeds
sly bowed smiled emperor beautiful clothes emperor smiled looking glass end hall beautiful clothes tall sure short smiling clothes wonder tall wonder emperor rubbed chin tell beautiful clothes tall magic clothes clothes emperor thought bad things things say things fine show clothes emperor rubbed hands clothes sly sly bowed smiled thank emperor tall greatest emperor sure short sly palace sewing room carefully closed door tall stood head short smiled sat pretended sew talked emperor clothes able beautiful clothes
gerry called mrs stop making trouble behave re going rest week means birthday party saturday gerry wiped water spilled wanted mother wanted renee birthday party amusement park meant riding ferris wheel bumper cars roller coaster cotton candy hot dogs treat renee friend gerry couldn trouble didn mean things happened started friday gerry watching wonder magician tv decided tricks gerry put tablecloth glasses dishes table abracadabra shouted snatched cloth table bang clatter clang boom boy gerry mother mad saturday gerry thought helpful cleaning cat soaped tub started sneezing bubbles jumped tub scrambled door mrs yard hanging robe clothesline zoomed legs robe floated mrs head fell clothes basket gerry thought mother blow sunday gerry making cake put oven renee called talk gerry forgot cake
ned lived circus loved circus fat lady fire eating sideshow friends ned liked watch high wire practice wasn scared watch lions trained ned trying train baby elephant tricks pet ned called tiny smallest elephant circus wasn tiny ned loved clowns wasn surprising ned father clown show ned place clowns gathered watch ready clown face carefully face painted belonged clown faces look ned ned thought father looked funny sad clown white red black paint father look funny bits red hair stuck head black rings eyes big white mouth painted face sad ned father real joe victor circus called act began rush tent run ring looking high low suddenly stop
uruguay smallest countries south american continent founded eastern bank river plate buffer emerging giants brazil argentina geographically pleasant land cattle running wild immense pasturelands population lived modestly merchants doctors lawyers city montevideo proud restless gauchos range history nineteenth century filled fierce battles independence argentina brazil equally savage civil skirmishes blanco colorado parties conservatives interior liberals montevideo blanco uprising defeated colorado president jose established secular democratic decades regarded advanced enlightened south america economy welfare depended pastoral agricultural products uruguay exported europe prices wool beef hide remained high uruguay remained prosperous course commodities uruguay decline unemployment inflation turn gave rise social discontent civil service underpaid lawyers architects engineers aristocracy nation found paid
boys pilots crew plane trooped tarmac customs control mountains brooding immense cliff face dwarfed buildings oil tanks trees boys undaunted cordillera distasteful business buying argentinian pesos suppress high spirits left airport divided groups bus taxi town hitch ride passing truck lunchtime boys hungry early breakfast breakfast food speak carried fairchild group younger straight nearby restaurant found owned expatriate let pay meal search cheap hotel checked streets look impatient chile help enjoy mendoza oldest cities argentina founded spanish retained grace charm colonial period streets wide lined trees air early spring warm dry scented blossoms flowers planted public gardens
space stand let lie break fuselage jagged leaving windows left hand side plane distance pilots cabin gaping hole rear measured twenty feet space knotted tangle seats floor space able clear dark entrance laid seriously wounded including position able lie horizontally protection snow bitter wind blew darkness marcelo perez help hefty wing forward named roy harley build barrier cold hand especially seats suitcases wind strong wall falling perez harley group uninjured boys remained huddle wounded entrance drinking wine pilots bought mendoza makeshift barrier rest survivors slept seats bodies including liliana methol moved confined space luggage compartment lay passenger cabin cockpit
peered portholes plane morning sky overcast sun shone clouds snow darted cautious looks zerbino cousins thought god struck knew estancias eat steer dies natural wondered unhealthy eaten meat eaten fact felt marcelo perez raise cushions roy harley set radio cold roy marcelo job reluctantly roy took shoes hat rack put pairs socks squeezed line dozing figures climbed nearest entrance follow marcelo plane marcelo hold aerial waiting roy picked radio switched began turn dial tuned station chile broadcast political propaganda held radio ear heard words news bulletin
days sun disappeared clouds rendering water making devices useless boys return method putting snow bottles shaking occurred roy harley carlitos fire empty coca cola crates found luggage compartment plane held aluminum sheets fire water soon dripping bottles short embers fire hot try cooking piece meat hot foil leave slight browning flesh gave immeasurably flavor softer beef taste aroma soon brought boys fire continued feel greatest repugnance raw flesh found palatable cooked roy harley eduardo found easier overcome revulsion meat roasted eat beef cousins idea cooking meat gained authority group views don realize knowledgeable assertive proteins begin die temperatures forty degrees centigrade
sunday october anniversary death marcelo perez father mother invited parents boys fairchild house afternoon meeting parents brothers sisters christians table spacious living room covered maps andes circles lines drawn show areas sideboard put pile mushrooms known grow cordillera food sons living atmosphere room black optimism shown week fruit clairvoyance fidgeting mannerisms blurted speech women especially girls showed brink hysteria simply sat stunned silence despair started meeting asked feel sit montevideo waiting searching voice group parents yes cordillera don think fathers girls contemptuously looks father boys
death shock destroyed thesis survived avalanche destined live escape urgent boys impatient set trapped plane days bitterly cold winds driving snow days avalanche slept special order night warmest places later evolved stricter system designed fair daniel fernandez pancho delgado cushions roof drying sun lay floor cabin thirty sun mountain suddenly cold boys line order sleep sleeping partner eduardo daniel fernandez gustavo zerbino turn sleep door order fixed sleep liked slept francois harley stuck methol slept slept delgado pairs turn sleep coldest place door carlitos job shutting entrance night exchange place warmest part plane
drew nearer fifteenth november atmosphere excitement anticipation grew plane repeated discussions telephone parents casual escape lingered meat pastries buy mendoza bus buenos aires boat river plate reached stage journey minds pondered eat knew buenos aires restaurants hoped boat stomachs full stop eating buy presents families preoccupied practical problems faced especially protection cold assembled pairs trousers shirt sweaters overcoat pairs dark glasses belonged pilot wore pilot flying helmet constructed knapsacks trousers tied nylon straps end leg brought shoulders threaded belt holes pairs mittens seat covers knew earlier expeditions chief problem face insulation feet cold
spirits boys left risen absence immense feeling relief rescue sure find help comfortable plane space sleep tension missed lost protection hand need grown spoiled broken leg slightly easier sleep methol partner told father beat irritated confidant remorse spoiled makes realize dreadful kick brother annoyed throw soup wasn soup felt purifying experience delgado zerbino discussed going kind purgatory thought christ forty days desert forty days plane crashed felt sure ordeal end demonstrate suffering tried harder quarrel kind
climbed valley knew course took slightly northwest moment turn due west climb directly mountain difficulty slopes encircled looked uniformly steep high began argue soon start climb usual opinion subject eventually agreed took reading plane spherical compass started climb due west side valley heavy going faced steep slope snow started melt improvised snowshoes sank knees wet snow cushions sodden exceptionally heavy drag bowlegged mountain persevered pausing yards short rest stopped outcrop rocks lunch midday high beneath fairchild boys sitting seats sun watching progress meal meat fat took short rest continued plan reach top dark impossible sleep steep slopes mountain climbed minds view hoped side view small hills green valleys shepherd hut farmhouse sight
morning december boys sitting seats laid front plane suddenly saw hurtling tremendous speed side mountain thought boulder dislodged melting snow closer saw figure closer recognized figure falling descent controlled sitting cushion drew level plane dug feet snow stop variety dread emotions thirteen boys watched plod snow thought killed return optimistic thinking seen appeared tip mountain reached explained happened muscles top re going food longer side asked clustering mountains mountains don think chance spirits sank
midday december arrived airport los santiago companions meet pilot told trouble engines flying andes intense cold high altitudes affected carburetors pilot immediately arranged engines checked repaired assuage impatience civilians tried hire helicopter helped proved impossible word search high peaks central andes place small bubble helicopter morning ready fly mission took rodriguez board fly area south wanted enlist help friends radio club club san fernando tactical objective arrange landing rights refueling facilities small provincial airfields strategically wanted stimulate interest search fairchild december juan carlos roy harley traveled task try find miner camilo
hospital st john god san fernando group survivors slept night bed seventy days easy accustom comfort daniel fernandez dreamed avalanche coming mountainside awoke start find covered snow sheets blankets tried sleep felt uncomfortable damned fool sticking feet body thought awoke start find hospital bed slept soundly fernandez awakened sound singing birds lay amazed happy nurse room asked open window breathed fresh air lungs survivors healthier rooms sat wicker chairs end corridor windows looked foothills andes clock father andres returned hospital cassette tape recorder recorded statements survivors enormous desire survive faith god group united spirits rest sure raise praying rosary night strengthened faith faith helped
story survival young ten weeks andes sensational interest newspapers radio television stations news broke survival depended eating dead media wild story broadcast printed nation notable exception uruguay reports course discovery rescue survivors rumors cannibalism reached news desks papers montevideo treated skepticism reticence censorship press ban mention decision journalists wait fellow countrymen returned montevideo account happened explained product spontaneous patriotic reserve say journalists eager discover rumors true survivors santiago easy thing daniel fernandez montevideo met airport parents driven flat refused allow visitors block besieged friends journalists eager christmas door closed forever opened admit friend open shut
reason fifteen survivors looked askance return kind led elevated mystical concept experience methol felt beneficiaries miracle delgado considered lived accident avalanche weeks ascribed hand god expedition manifestation human courage zerbino harley felt god played fundamental role survival present mountain hand fernandez eduardo inclined believe modesty survival escape ascribed efforts certainly prayer assisted bond held safeguard despair relied prayer mountain greatest grace god preserve sanity skeptical role god played rescue pedro reason human logic selection living dead god helped live allowed die god possibly permitted mother die suffer terribly death
half million words english language give quick answer question saying words english borrowed languages story tell story begin prehistoric times sure spoke words sure spoken sure spoken don trying determine words started interesting ideas idea prehistoric noises words lift heavy say uh cold say brrr hot say whew cold drink say ahhh prehistoric times noises uh brrr whew ahh words words suppose ahhh mean cold drink suppose uh mean hard job heavy ahh uh real words idea prehistoric imitated sounds heard sounds names things saber toothed tiger called thunder called boom crash
france normans growing strong norsemen settled north coast france conquered england norman conquest set flood french words english today french words food dinner supper jelly cream everyday things curtain money dance surprise flower borrowing faster pace linguists call english spoken norman conquest english english spoken called middle english english spoken called modern english story end modern english appears english growing borrow eagerly anglo saxons words part chapter learn ways words added language today leave ancient history english words let look european word linguists believe european word meaning word found greek changed bit dropped thing greek formed shape english borrowed greek words idea ideal similar words idol kaleidoscope latin video words english video visible invisible visual supervise visit words
chapter saw vocabulary english number words language growing language born saw growing words english powerful tool communicating say write want tool learning takes understanding practice small part vocabulary english words person called person working vocabulary working vocabulary grown grown older picked words heard read maybe deliberate effort add words working vocabulary try add words working vocabulary things say words say seen movie want tell friend thought spent vacation backpacking mountains want tell felt watched building torn want describe happened working vocabulary say say understood chapter learn working vocabulary larger building vocabulary
bounded michigan ohio illinois indiana half eastern half midwestern feeling england brick sycamore villages stable industries tradition goes revolutionary war zenith largest city founded midwestern fields corn wheat red barns silos despite immense antiquity zenith counties settled till university fifteen miles zenith twelve thousand students prodigy oxford tiny theological school harvard select college young gentlemen university baseball field glass buildings measured mile hires hundreds young doctors philosophy give rapid instruction sanskrit navigation spectacle fitting sanitary engineering provencal poetry tariff schedules growing motor car designing history style matthew arnold diagnosis department store advertising president money raiser dinner speaker united states school conduct extension courses radio rich college devoted leisurely nonsense property want told want mill turn women lead moral lives play bridge drive cars enterprising business occasionally mention books expected read
john john professor physiology medical school deaf teacher university wore mutton chop whiskers bay proud let brahmins formed boston colony stood sturdy sweetness decorously shaded light occasions remarked studying ludwig germany absorbed correctness heed individual students young technically known hell raisers looked forward lectures physiology held amphitheater seats curved lecturer ends dr continuing drone blood circulation peering find making outrageous sound motor horn left rise imitate sawing arm stroking imaginary whiskers produced masterpiece throwing brick sink platform dr working annual climax effect brass bands intensity knee jerk martin reading max scientific papers read morass mathematical symbols conviction experiments dealing foundations death nature bacterial infection chemistry bodily reactions
bacteriology martin theory university studying pathology hygiene surgical anatomy subjects swamp genius lived large room flowered wallpaper piles filthy clothes iron beds cuspidors breakfasts dined hash pilgrim lunch wagon dew drop inn occasionally irritating hated open windows talked dirty socks sang die diabetes martin studying altogether unable say directly humorous remarked concept feed faces calories martin charm accounted cheerfulness shrewdness vague courage sum parts joy laboratory martin thought rarely recent associates pi occasionally protested reverend ira village policeman irving plumber angus walk success grandmother head idiot fatty practice helpless human beings criminal ceased pest passed triumphs bacteriology discovered remarkably curiously humble
letter hinting able return zenith left lonely worth listless mooning laboratory elementary bacteriology demonstration hour basement bring male rabbits inoculation working eighteen hours experiments jumpy testy gave orders insults martin dreamily females males shrieked worst fool lab groundlings unmindful martin tittered small animals jarred raging couldn fell won stand talking stand say clumsy hat mean fired assistant glad intelligence understand matter talk martin flung suddenly looked bewildered took step martin retreating class small giggling animals stood delighted hoping shrugged glared terror awkward rabbits curiously quiet martin barney dive hotly drinking wandering night
dean silva secretary looked delightedly anticipation martin meekly dean meekly waited row oak chairs beneath dawson pharmaceutical calendar solemnly ground glass door dean office found dr silva glowering seated large domed head full rounding mustache sir martin pleaded let honest dr apologize honest lay dr silva bounced chair bristling martin braced wasn welcome home fight courage tired drab journey restraining flaring tired looked wistfully dean chuckled mind boy re glad re bother apologies wanted buck believed thought lost clumsy martin sobbing weak restraint lonely weak dr silva soothed let find trouble understand martin thing want help give physicians healers
moment martin met street ruined max german jew born saxony took medical degree heidelberg interested practicing medicine follower youthful researches physics sound convinced need quantitative method medical sciences koch discoveries drew biology elaborately careful worker maker rows figures realizing presence uncontrollable variables vicious assailant considered slackness lie kindly intentioned stupidity worked laboratories koch pasteur early statements pearson drank beer wrote vitriolic letters italy england scandinavia casually days married bought coat hired housekeeper patient wordless daughter gentile merchant began series experiments important sounding exceedingly unappreciated confirming pasteur results chicken cholera immunity relief pastime trying separate enzyme yeast later living tiny inheritance father petty banker carelessly cheerfully exhausting analyzing critically theory disease investigating mechanism virulence microorganisms
dr grove acted spare superintendent health county office paid greatly interest martin burst offered half pay accepted benevolence assuring effect private practice ruined private practice official appointment martin signed spelling interesting ways depending felt papers board county commissioners recognized martin limited power thing illegal small science considerably heroism health officer deal irritation fellow townsmen poked yards denounced mrs reeking ash barrels piling manure street schoolboard school ventilation lack instruction tooth brushing citizens agitated irreligion moral looseness lack local patriotism prodded comfortable beneficial dirt exploded martin honest appallingly earnest innocence dove lacked wisdom serpent understand mission scarce tried understand authority alter ego imposing paper feeble action worthless stubbornness aroused
black soiled iowa plain watered shallow insignificant creek city nautilus bakes rattles glistens hundreds miles tall corn springs jungle rows stranger corn walled roads lost nervous sense merciless growth nautilus zenith zenith chicago seventy thousand smaller zenith brisk large hotel compare dozen zenith busy standardized frenziedly modern owner authentic difference nautilus zenith cases streets look alike nautilus look alike miles difficulty defining quality determined large village small city houses chauffeurs cocktails august evenings save score burghers sit shirt sleeves front porches ten story office building magazine prose published young woman months lived cafes frame mansion comfortable maples line fords lumber wagons farmers town iowa richest land lowest illiteracy rate largest percentages native born whites motor car owners moral forward looking cities states nautilus city iowa
martin found dr generous chief eager martin invent clamor movements scientific knowledge thinner visiting nurses jealousy demanded martin belief rapid noisy moving place place means possibly end progress family house social hill hill slight swelling plain martin found upper floor simple continuous lawns wide maple shaded streets joy freedom peering whispers suddenly courted nice society nautilus days arrival martin summoned telephone hear masculine voice rasping hello martin bet guess martin busy restrained desire observe win buzzed cordiality suitable assistant director afraid guess nope say re looking fine guess guessing try stenographer waiting letters martin learned impersonal indifferent presence perceptible suppose president wilson look mart
longer sleepless night speeding events seasons eagerness martin faithful mechanic competent clean brisk medical factory clinic complain clinic give examinations socially dislocated women needed children floor scrubbing pretty view tonsils gloom certainly factory equipped gratifyingly expensive routed raw human material processes swiftly martin supercilious dr winters angus keen taut specialists clinic respect poor uncertain rich shrewd admired angus firmness purpose stability habit angus swim fencing lesson daily swam easily fenced faced demon bed eleven thirty took drink read contribute progress brilliant young surgeon underlings knew dr fail arrive precisely precisely dressed absolutely sober cool appallingly unpleasant nurse mistake looked smile
began days joy dreaded stride bellow re wrong isolated twenty strains staphylococcus germs testing discover active producing hemolytic blood disintegrating toxin produce antitoxin picturesque moments centrifuging organisms lay coiling cloudy masses bottoms tubes red corpuscles completely dissolved opaque brick red liquid turned color pale wine processes incomparably tedious removing samples culture hours making salt suspensions corpuscles small tubes recording results knew tedious found busy patted shoulder sounded french french gave vague encouragement told ahead stirred showing note books full figures abbreviations stupid invoices calico speaking vocabulary heathenish tibetan magic arrhenius contribution bringing immunity reactions mass action law hope show antigen antibody combinations occur proportions variables held constant
captain martin home wife wailing rotten tired feel kind discouraged haven accomplished darn thing sterile hanged study calculus evening let movies won change regular human clothes tired honey let dinner bought wonderful ole fish afternoon film martin gave opinion captain doctor improbable mother daughter absence ten restless rational mood view cinema blinking darkness lit shadowy screen snorted going lab put taxi let beastly thing night unfair haven worked late nights nope hunch working night liberty street raced sleeping towers order elevator institute run night twenty staff members respectable hours morning martin isolated strain staphylococcus bacteria patient lower manhattan hospital healing unusual rapidity
martin joyce weeks return york invited dinner hear absorption osmotic pressure determinations content sat prim hotel room reduced dr talk remembered sat lagoon tepid twilight telephoned asking tea knew joyce rich seeing gingham cooking kitchen st grasp position uncomfortable feeling dusty laboratory house found soft voiced mistress servants palace palaces joyce eighteen rooms buckingham vast fontainebleau alike choked pride complete remember small endearing charms indistinguishable common feeling polite uneasy grandeur altogether tedious amid pretentious splendor roger accumulated joyce tedious suspected enjoyed showing martin producing kinds sandwiches boasting re going give tea
director married money colleagues hinted ardent physiology arrange nicely selected flowers tables hewn satisfaction observe institute subway drove elegantly coupe poorest limousine chauffeur touched hat coffee salted simplicity martin lick lips mooned chauffeur triumph able entertain angus wife chicago introduce director king surgeons medical angus gush mart mind saying re proud speaking feel training tried give dr clinic contribute magnificent west indies lovely woman wife suppose mind telling mrs frock martin heard superiority poverty luxury lunch wagons twelve helping check laundry worry price steak waiting slush trolleys dismaying valet produced shirts automatically degrading meals interesting discretion car lean aching head softness think clever
dr mrs invited joyce martin dinner charming admired joyce pearls squabs served turned martin friendly intensity joyce listen things happening martin want science wants proper part hint absolutely confidential dr league cultural agencies beginning accomplish marvels colonel extraordinarily liberal league exactly sort thoroughness taking slow dear insisted stuck making plans happen dr council league wonderful conferences college presidents editors labor leaders sound course efficiency experts advanced advertising ministers leaders public thought worked elaborate charts classifying intellectual occupations interests methods materials tools especially goals aims ideals moral purposes suited tremendous musician engineer look chart tell accurately progressing fast age trouble remedy basis league ready encourage brain workers affiliate
albert camel stood quietly desert sand hot boxes heavy wanted rest albert master let rest nighttime sun comes tomorrow albert master tent sleep albert couldn rest wide awake thinking sun comes carry heavy boxes nighttime comes tent rest sun comes carry boxes days nights albert things sand tent master boxes looked sand hills wonder hills yonder think find master sleeping albert walked quietly black desert hills moon light night didn care walking albert side hill saw tent stood camel camel big pile horns going night camel albert albert looked going yonder
sam sara asked put green jelly beans candy jar twin strange sara strange green jelly beans questioned sam sara answered yesterday saw green jelly beans missing mad mint favorite didn eat save favorite till green jar kind aha cried sam mystery eating green putting sara let list sam pencil paper wrote sara top paper hey don put cried sara detectives maybe walked sleep ate jelly beans knowing sam sara put okay sam wrote family list list looked let start bottom list fluffy jelly beans asked sam yes answered sara dog jelly beans jar becky short reach shelf sam climbed chair twins looked laughed heard sister becky calling
west farm pond farm pond fish frogs turtles woods farm woods birds deer animals grass growing farm grass lived rabbits farmer west loved farm getting wife think sell farm big wife surprised boy grew farm son farmer west son robbie city live sell farm farmer west big wooden sign sale walked road put sign walked car stopped farm car farmer west farm sale want buy farm look farmer west showed farm happy farm pond dry pond dry pond farmer west pond farm fish frogs turtles live
open dog food cook egg read newspaper eat candy bar simple things dog food eggshell newspaper candy wrapper throw trash garbage picks trash garbage carries truck rid burns dumps hole simple ago simple garbage took trash garbage town dump garbage dumps trash heaps ugly smelly town smell towns began grow grew cities trash trash heaps garbage dumps bigger bigger towns cities grew spread soon open country garbage longer trash garbage town town trash heaps garbage dumps close nearby towns cities trash garbage caused problems garbage dumps fine homes rats flies pests pests sickness garbage tried digging deep pits ground trash garbage
morning willie called brown hen running pecked corn willie pockets stood feet morning poof hen disappeared willie hunted barn yard looked house cornfield looked days brown hen wasn worried brown hen willie worried willie fishing hurried barn fishing pole standing corner edge strawberry patch turned earth find bait stopped feed find hen hungry thought put fishing pole picked corn filled pockets put corn pocket corn left pocket picked pole bait started path pond pond woods cabin lived edge woods scatter corn pond past cabin bring hen home thought felt cheerful ahead middle road saw white ducks belonged neighbors ducks walking single file woods mrs johnson ducks willie
willie woods past wild gooseberry bush group young trees willie tried whistle whistle wouldn thinking brown hen reached pond ducks sitting water turning saw happy looking duck swimming water thought willie maybe brown hen sitting earth looking worm maw strawberry patch picked rock threw ducks carefully missing safe ducks don want messing bait willie sat baited hook threw line water cork end line bobbed slow ripple water turtle stared willie lay trunk tree rubbed shoulder bark heard bee watched spiders darting water edge pond watched cork listened sounds woods cork line bobbed water carefully pulled line landed fish held fastened fish edge pond string looped stick fish floated side water threw line pond watched ripples lick cork
front gate asked mary lou brother tom quickly window ah fong ah fong mary lou asked boy class tom explained waiting meet tom hurried front door ran walk gate mary lou ran hi ah fong tom sister mary lou ah fong smiled sister wait goodness mary lou ah fong dashed street run fast think win halloween race class don thought tom grandfather won let party asked mary lou don tom ah fong says grandfather understand halloween wants house help explain grandfather don going explain ah fong grandfather speak english halloween party held school playground evening children excited games races going grand parade prizes costumes ice cream cones mary lou going witch making costume tom going tiger
clock evening kinds strange looking characters began playground school parade don ah fong tom children began line snake parade wound schoolyard child passed platform parents teachers acting judges stopped stood platform suddenly squeal excitement end parade dragon dragon big ugly head legs danced head moved side side looked trying find eat began cheer dragon finally tom teacher stepped edge platform held hands quiet prize girl costume goes fairy prize boy costume goes big brown grasshopper judges decided dragon special prize winners platform mask ah fong lotus flower grandfather crawled dragon mask lotus flower told tom later remembering grandfather change mind halloween glad tom wonderful dragon grandfather dragon ah fong
tree peter friend bluebird singing sang peter boys left garden gate open soon fat duck gate meadow saw pond aha thought fine place swim pond bird watching duck duck dived water bird believe eyes flew closer look hey called duck supposed kind bird course bird duck called re bird bluebird answered fly makes think re bird duck called swim calling arguing bluebird angry hopping duck quacking takes takes swimming fast arguing peter cat creeping meadow hmmm fine fat bird busy arguing duck creep closer peter saw cat look cried cat jumped bird cat claws grabbed thin air
began study cats asked interesting questions cats able live bad move silently cats dark hunters dogs questions answered things cat alive bad times cat wonderful body especially running hunting hind legs strong body stretches easily cat slip tiny spaces stop creature thick fur keeps cat warm live food hear ready danger sharp claws help cat climb danger battle enemy important cat move faster animal cat eyes interesting black part eye opening light enters light bright black part closes smaller smaller light black part opens wide means cat eyes let light eyes thing look mirror shine bright light eyes black part smaller smaller tiny black dot light black part larger larger
erin hayes looking sitting grass inside getting ready bed late looking erin daddy want show peanut want show asked sat grass erin look erin sky white path sky milky milky asked erin lot stars hundreds millions father answered daddy star asked erin mean makes star shine hayes lay grass stars suns sun daddy don funny erin sun big lights sky stars funny stars suns re look small show special star pointed overhead stars square asked corner stars going line called big dipper looks dipper handle look stars side pretend line drawn
look west bright stars row hanging row stars shorter line stars part constellation called orion orion supposed giant hunter bright stars belt stars sword erin father look belt bright star bright shoulders yes erin standing sideways arm air show constellations let look called draco dragon father find big dipper big square handle stars side point north star erin dipper father find draco dragon tail winds big end tail begins halfway big dipper north star erin winds side dipper bright stars eyes constellations daddy lots look stars stories pictures saw star part constellation
hard move quickly ocean step moves slowly water taking giant steps dream octopus afraid octopus pay attention anyway move closer octopus body size hand arms stretched feet underside arm rows round cup things suckers octopus hangs things suckers close suddenly arm octopus winds leg hurt don idea octopus stuck leg turn help pull arm leg think feels pulling flypaper dear flypaper octopus stuck arm octopus lets quickly straightens arms front shoots backward water underside body octopus tube squirts water squirts water forward octopus darts backward swims wants swim forward octopus turns tube squirts water
octopus moves hard follow octopus color ocean floor water getting darker darker night octopus pull small flashlight turn front octopus big crab curling arm octopus caught ocean floor crabs shine light octopus pulls crab middle mouth octopus crab supper night follow friend mind night octopus caught eaten small crabs fish morning comes octopus lies rest strange sea creatures hungry anymore swim brave crab crawls octopus arms octopus rests suddenly ugly creature darts octopus octopus moving shoots water tube springs backward late ugly creature caught hold octopus arms ugly creature eel octopus worst enemy octopus arms
woman wearing flippers mask dives deep water swims past strange fish undersea plants rocks searching thing hidden treasure treasure sunken pirate ship rusty iron chest filled gold diver seeks kind treasure spies jagged rock tiger cowrie colorful spotted shell quickly comes water carrying treasure diver sandy diving dozen sandy learned stay water air minute fifteen seconds plans search water longer oxygen tanks dives wears flippers help swim faster mask water eyes dangerous fish carries knife sandy thousand shells rivers seas oceans sandy learns things shells called kinds shells beautiful names purple olive angel wings leafy jewel box glory sea glory sea worth shells worth rare shells skeletons animals bodies shells small boneless animals living inside
pat ship hear want fun ship want sleep dark don water ugly big mean eyes look pat didn shut eyes friends sleeping snug bed noise stop pat asked water ugly pat saw green body water monster didn look big mean ugly didn eyes green body asked pat water ugly green body sleeping snug bed eyes shut stay big mean ugly eyes pat ran bed shut eyes water ugly water saw pat bed boy sleeping night sleep sound sleep noise louder sound harder sleep noise
nelly weather woman weather sun warm beach fun want stay house let hear weather report nelly weather woman rainy weather end weather cold car slowly walk rainy weather walk slowly spend home fun weather warm fair weather cold rainy cold air windy cold windy air cold windy air body snug warm fair weather slowly report nelly weather woman weather hot cold rainy weather don cold place hot home feel hot place hot hot don rain place rain tell watch storm rain
beth put air tank put mask mask air line put tank breathe underwater put things feet today dad took beach put mask air tank ready water friend ben boat today let beth don water dark ben fine boat ben eyes let inside beth live inside asked plants fish live boat ben happened didn wood fall hit ben foot wood move ben live underwater help move wood foot move took foot move ben water beach air mask breathe ben dad beth girl
places asked mother end reached end list mother hope fun tell grandmother call watch ice gave clock clock shop paint store brushes paint store dog today walk hold took dog grandmother sally grandmother mail letter stores grandmother list put chores list sally reached list end list looked list boy list reach places dark don chores going gave dog pat let dog store store food store end list grandmother bike hold woman wants hold things
boys girls sat ms brown turn asked turn pat want frog rosa think pat turn ms brown today pat going snake hiss pat egg pat mother put egg warm place left don need care hatch spend thing think eat eat things maybe eat egg frog big small bug catch food live eat big swallow big bump eat think rest don snore rest don noise rest hide don want big need hide color color show big snakes move asked bob snake crawl move pat snake move wants crawl crawl move side side
ken close idea write chance start big worked days days called write close close let look let chance start big spend days write look let hear ken asked help girl called sandy start ken sandy talk thing pull string ready looked wanted sandy thing sandy write wrote paper sandy ohhhh ohhhh write wrote paper start called boy start wrote write paper pull string pull string wrote write word write wrote paper paper place let called let wrote write run paper ken write wrote run
winter cold places snow places splash cold rain sun comes late night comes soon animals winter hard food green plants snow birds place winter weather bread food birds winter hard need fires stay warm don winter fires ask sun sun bring warm weather green plants spring things grow splash warm rain spring sound snow leaves warm weather comes watch green sprout show spring birds find food things look warm winter snow try learn song spring birds grow plant spring seeds store idea sprout seeds sprout seeds splash water paper put seeds paper set dark place seeds sprout plant earth water plants need sun fun watch plants grow
idea happened roy jean red apartment re going start group play play sing red group sing re going group play re going sing clap hands sound let call group band land let sing clap red call worst band land sing apartment mom sing basement group sing basement red left apartment box basement song going hit ready band band band band wait heard song wrote let top band band band band stop stop heard noise frog heard howl dog heard snore sing hum clap hands beat
saw look re re super hammer super hands swallow swallow lin fit small place quick mind looks super eyes fast franklin super quick feet re super friends help help adventure going looks saw apartment door super mind asked re mild look friend missing needs help super help swallow re super looks looks mild soup helps let fast franklin side apartment street soon place mild soup looks going adventure place door small lin fit place let woman mild soup swallow took care soup big swallow hammer big hole wall
large turtles small ice cream parlor ordered sundaes waiting soda jerk fill orders noticed started rain re going need umbrella big turtle big agreed decided turtle run home umbrella turtle didn want afraid big turtles eat sundae promised finally turtle started week weeks end week big turtles turned aw let eat sundae ok let agreed big turtle won umbrella cried turtle sticking head counter end shop collects things collect things purpose hate throw shiny button bottle cap find lying dirt walk school start collection cent stamp found bottom kitchen drawer spark interest stamp collection kinds things start hobby lots fun pages follow meet boys girls started collections collections
oldest popular hobbies start cutting signatures famous newspapers magazines going someplace famous person bring pencil piece paper try person autograph postcards leaves found decide start collection gather postcards find home ask friends relatives save postcards ask mail traveling surprised start collection collect kinds start learned postcards kinds decide kind want specialize want collect easy find simple colorful display expensive try buttons wearing buttons hundreds buttons interesting history national button society america join calendars interesting history kind calendars today begin calendars ancient rome ancient china types calendars collect wall calendars almanacs desk calendars advertising calendars special types calendars read kinds collections
girl front turned don joe cobb puerto ricans foreigners re americans smiled roberto thinks smart roberto felt face warm sorry heel joe cobb laughed sorry heel imitated girl turned joe hurt told roberto cross early morning linda roberto smiled wore scarf blue eyes roberto thought wings prettier hey look joe cobb pointing sitting tree held small orange finger thumb miss wilson miss wilson joe cobb puffed ran grass wings slapped threw tree miss wilson miss wilson hundred dollars reward harming monarch looked surprised surprising roberto thought attacked boy butterfly tried push joe butterfly holding flew nearby tree miss wilson stomped joe cobb lay grass clutching legs caught miss wilson call police reward joe called stood brushed joe cobb caramba moaned walked softly tree harming butterfly manuel hernandez naturalist
adam decided mars jar remain secret known fran soon found impossible telling young friends lab dr von plank hear heard soon morning adam studying figures desk von plank angry coughing hard face turned red hear dr clark dare set laboratory government materials jar adam answered interests daughter reason understand interests small girl cried von plank mars jar experiment finished adam told arrived happens overlooked mistake mind cried von plank jar empty eyes understood older scientist upset adam afraid dangerously sick adam put notes stood mind working fast excused hall called home listen fran voice whisper coming home dr von plank coming lab hide mars jar try find looks put place hung find von plank ahead rushing front door building
miss pickerell surprise approach mars unexciting miss pickerell spent bunk sitting crocheting lying sleeping awoke tell important happening wilbur pulling levers killian studying instruments captain eyepiece wilbur captain finally low voice turned mars beginning draw heard shout re landed wilbur killian standing upright close clapping captain stood turn took hand shook miss pickerell tried sit couldn weigh tons couldn move body help called move paralyzed miss pickerell wilbur walked tired steps gravity soon feel wonderful feel lot lighter earth wilbur soon miss pickerell able sit stepped floor strange legs floating air captain looking room waiting let open door
ago told place lived place island faraway ocean island volcano volcano rumbled grumbled spit smoke fire soon grew volcano hear rumbled grumbled look spit smoke fire lived island volcano rumbled grumbled louder louder spitting smoke fire suddenly volcano erupted pieces island flew high sky directions pieces island pieces island landed ocean pieces began drift drifted drifted lands land began lives lived land gave special land mexico called elves mexico place bad bad fortune villas family mexico elf elf maybe bad elf certainly bad elf villas family happy family
pieter crept door crawled ran crashed bushes baseball field oscar bat shut eyes swung ball hit short hit base score pieter shouted indians ahead father told sadly chance pieter yes father indians expecting fast pitching oscar slow pitches fooled ninth inning runs win give bat pieter shouted sighed ash bat picked bat oscar pieter ash bat shouted oscar oscar find bat oscar hid knew look game pieter shouted lost game oscar played base hit ball win pieter swung ash bat swished air sound cheer feathers drew arm pitched pieter swung hard ball
family watched early games stands hands felt icy stiff match high point studied faces teams sitting opposite side court wondered play stomach felt hard rock mouth dry cotton kids called encouragement gary gave minute advice walked court heard family calling dear mother called luck champ father tears caught throat nod slim pretty girl opposite stand judy williams heard tennis racket spun serve judy movements quick reminded bird judy won spin going serve wished luck walked receive serve ball fast low returned forced pay attention minute judy won games felt knot stomach loosen game looked stands split missed easy ball mind game thought remembered gary advice eye ball
trees bring homes christmas leaves shaped needles living trees needlelike leaves green leaves trees called evergreen trees place numbers evergreen trees evergreen forest found places summers cool short winters cold winter walk snow covers ground air cold dark trunks trees overhead large branches covered needlelike leaves sun peeks branches forest dark noon odor christmas trees spring summer walk air damp cool mother deer stops eating listens white tail flashes signal danger fawn move quickly deer path white tailed animals quickly disappear trees porcupine walking slowly forest floor comes seeing stops quills straighten turns walks lazily lucky fox runs hides big tree lucky bear wolf maybe moose stay forest summer birds
ago giant named fin big house ears big pancakes fin strong strong pick big tree walking stick fin big strong afraid giant afraid bigger giant giant named bigger fin bigger fin magic finger magic finger strong stronger fin beaten giant fin told going beat fin soon find giant hit fin afraid fin big strong afraid fin told wife fin wife sit fin head afraid fin mad mad bear bee ear told giants going fin fin fin wife don afraid help help fin sit head
fin took shoes put cats jumped left shoe sleep fin bed big bed big baby giant fin baby giant big giant feet fit happy fin shook bed hear coming hill giant big shook walked don fin saw giant baby bed fool wait wife fin house fin wife door looked fin wife look house fin fin wife looked look fin house fin home fin fin wife look giant named sorry giant laughed laugh big house shook big sorry fin wife looked look fin fin big strong laughed fin strong thought show strong
eat hard fin wife yes cake fin wife gave cake rock took big bite cake teeth kind cake gave fin cake wife fin eat kind cake yes fin wife fin baby boy eat thought strong thought eat maybe won wait fin don fin wife cake maybe hard took big bite cake teeth cake hard don noise fin wife baby asleep fin wife looked fin baby bed wa cried fin fin wife give baby eat took cake rock gave fin fin took big bites cake baby baby eat cake cake broke teeth
big valley hmm woman south road hill hill white fence turn road big valley miss thank father hill hill white fence turned left drove ten miles car car stuck stuck muddy road big valley hungry boy want water girl dog barked cat cried meow lot noise sure asked mother sure father stuck mud car push say father ready push car stuck mud asked mother hungry boy want water girl dog barked meow cried cat drove truck help asked yes father stuck mud help big wheels truck car moved mud thank thank father
father car hill hill left turn stop sign drove north miles think think seen father yes mother began farmer house cried father lost daddy asked children lost father lost saw boy walking road big valley asked father don big valley boy don father asked today boy map map show big valley boy map father stop map look map father let find map hold holding map upside mother father turned map father big valley road big valley mother
stand desk put hands sides move stand think hours cold picture stands moving hours think end frozen stiff knows knows important family picture eskimo wearing warm fur clothes clothes skins deer called caribou caribou fur clothes important parts eskimo cold winds snow ocean ice land frozen plants grow important eskimo things part eskimo knows living things swimming ice knows hole ice means breathing place animals waits hole eskimo holding harpoon caribou bones point harpoon hardest bone find bones polar bear harpoon hand eskimo ready easy eskimo waiting cold knew place lives easier guess
parts eskimo changed winter lasts months hunter wife pour fresh water dead seal mouth show respect seal spirit eskimos show respect spirits animals kill making carvings pictures wife cuts seal meat keeps piece family rest meat eskimo families families glad meat surprised winter hunter shares fresh meat hundreds eskimos lived environment eskimos change began lands north pole looking furs sell parts wanted fur coats newcomers europe built trading posts showed things brought environment flour sugar tea guns hunting steel traps knives lumber fuel oil wanted trade eskimos furs began change eskimo hunters tools traders trapped furs families needed brought furs trading posts trade furs supplies
priest give baby grew hear song told maori girls learned share ideas cared maori girl family lived maoris shared environment spoke language wore clothes tools girl family neighbors group called community eskimo families read belonged community shared ways maori eskimo ways cold environments eskimo clothes warm maori environment soon maori girl walk learned swim maori girls boys swam races rode surfboard ocean paddled small boats maori girl grew bigger stronger learned women worked fields wove material clothing plant fibers maori boys learned learned art carving wood masks shapes fishing canoes fishermen spread net water net big city blocks community owned net family small net small nets tied help pull net shared
thought taking trip straight air meters need sweater temperature cooler traveling higher altitudes altitude height sea girl picture nina wanted visit travel high altitude nina lives andes mountains continent south america nina neighbors live highest steepest part mountains live flatter land high places raise sheep weave wool heavy woolen clothing cloth woven bright colors patterns warm clothing air cold high altitude potatoes grown cool climate suppose going ship visit nina city quito ecuador south america ship docks sea level air warm equator altitude sea level top ocean meters sea level reach quito find try investigation page map physical map north carolina mountains eastern part drawing page cross section drawn cut land north carolina
ms juarez tell traveling equator businesswoman monterrey mexico find monterrey map page ms juarez lives semi arid dry climate summer makes trip north meet business wears summer dresses packs suitcase shirts things takes raincoat ms juarez flies cities cities visits columbus ohio winnipeg canada find cities climate map page notice winnipeg equator climate columbus summer feels home ms juarez winnipeg wears raincoat evening air feels cooler north ms juarez winter business trips goes cities buy winter coat winter trips looking graph page needs warm coat ms juarez winter coat home monterrey month january monterrey stays fairly warm columbus ohio january temperatures freezing degrees celsius winnipeg colder equator north south winter temperatures colder farther colder winters banks island eskimos live months cold degrees celsius ms juarez leaves monterrey business trip traveling north
surprise mayflower ran storm ship landed north virginia massachusetts today winter starting late sail pilgrims stayed massachusetts settlement called plymouth winter weather soon began colder winter pilgrims known dug caves sides hills built walls earth caves roofs tree bark small hole let smoke inside burned wood fires warm small dark shelters women children began sick food supply small winter find food environment winter half died fifty left crew mayflower returned england pilgrims chose stay plymouth thought coming squanto native american taught pilgrims crops grow massachusetts corn important plants settlers seen squanto showed pilgrims plant corn showed poke hole soil stick drop seeds hole summer pilgrims learned expect sun rain ready winter squanto taught pilgrims hunt bows arrows
members family town market depended community things needles pans town depended family food wool family depend families community families depend family help class find answers questions begin need large map community put map bulletin board spread floor table teacher divide class groups number groups children group show buy food shoes toys clothes child mark home map colored dot thumbtack colored dot thumbtack mark family shops piece red yarn line home place family buys class look red lines map community tell quickly community buy things members community shop places community shop close home home family needs members trade community
thousands communities americas eskimo communities arctic small city tenochtitlan large tenochtitlan mexico capital aztec empire city gold jewels kingdom environment aztecs eskimos environment place learned special ways live environment lived continent north america europeans called native americans part north america called mexico arizona communities hopi zuni lived sun dried clay houses farmed land homes hoes digging sticks grew corn north american continent native americans planted corn grass covered flat plains middle continent native americans plains traveled foot buffaloes buffalo meat main food hunters families communities farther east hunted deer wild game fished streams late winter syrup sap maple trees summer native american women planted small cornfields algonquin groups lived east coast north america algonquin villages scattered canada north carolina course native americans call lands canada north carolina
thousands communities europe small villages big cities community part large group called nation live nation nation called united states nation share ways believing behaving nation share common language smaller groups nation leaders european nations powerful rulers king ferdinand queen isabella spain part treasure spanish ships brought home columbus spain small load found bundles silk chests jewels barrels spices columbus discovered water route india reached part part europe known called lands americas rulers spain soldiers find gold soldiers found gold continent north america mexico cortes spanish explorer conquered tenochtitlan largest city aztecs treasure spain french english saw spain growing rich decided send explorers search treasure parts americas look map page shows parts north america explored french spanish english explorers north america found gold
colonies parts environment wanted needed resources resource goods give services map shows resources colonies colonists choices parts environment jamestown colony virginia forests lumber tar shipyards england colonists sand virginia shore glass built glass factories glass england england needed things paid colonists return colonists buy goods produced england clothing tools soon virginia colonists discovery sandy soil warm climate coast growing tobacco native americans lived virginia taught colonists grow plant europe wanted buy tobacco virginia settler english goods trading tobacco trading lumber glass glass factories lumber mills closed settlers choice decided resources chosen soil climate virginia grow crop trade england decide resources land rocky hilly growing season short
land delaware rivers covered forests native americans fished hunted planted corn iron clay fine sand area native americans things things resources things resources later city stood rivers met fourteen thousand lived community called philadelphia king charles england william penn huge piece land north america penn named colony pennsylvania means penn woods william penn planned carefully decided build philadelphia maps show streets parks laid built city grew fast investigation page penn colony ships sailed philadelphia germany england ireland wales coming developed pennsylvania resources settlers philadelphia unusual rules william penn rule pennsylvania belong religion wanted penn belonged society friends quakers believed religious freedom penn rules free vote liberty property group neighbors decided trial
oak pine wood tar pitch turpentine resources needed building sailing ships colonial communities east coast resources fished coast wanted ships british navy wanted ships colonial european traders build ships colonies needed important resource ships ship planners carpenters sailmakers netherlands england shipbuilders resource colonies need workers kinds greatest needs farm land pennsylvania south landowners owned huge pieces land land farmed farming europe thousands wanted america poor pay passage ships german farmers live pennsylvania colonial landowners paid passages germans return farmers families landowners number free thousands women children north america servants wanted forced poor children parents put jail pay money owed
decided articles confederation weak representatives states met philadelphia planned change articles order country stronger representatives planned change articles wrote plan government plan called constitution united states government things government able coin money control trade states nations power tax states representatives constitutional convention wanted prevent person group powerful wanted sure united states king divided government separate parts branches branch government special job job making rules representatives called congress states afraid states powerful congress divided parts part congress senate matter large small senators part congress house representatives states representatives states fewer senate house representatives agree pass rule rest united states obey
united states pay money taxes pay taxes community government government national government remember taxation representation colonies angry today pay taxes representatives agreed governments tax money pay goods services need governments pay street lights trash cans pay street sweepers fire fighters services government community called public services find services girl living minneapolis minnesota list public services part community government list looking telephone book minneapolis city decide give services teacher help try decide service needed city minneapolis select services class think important tell public services family community look telephone book murals show giving public services community begin dividing class groups group mural group decide draw giving public service members group
looked community studied communities parts colonial america studying change drawings pages graphs graphs pictures show things change graphs show ways united states changed graph page bar graph shows number united states grown graph million united states united states united states number united states gotten larger smaller graph show change graphs page circle graphs show united states read write tell studying graphs changed explain study graph page kind graph live united states live changed find live newspapers travel booklets ask teacher parents help want maps try find answers questions live farms
squat grey building thirty stories main entrance words central london conditioning centre shield motto community identity stability enormous room ground floor faced north cold summer panes tropical heat room harsh thin light glared windows hungrily seeking draped lay figure pallid shape academic goose flesh finding glass nickel shining porcelain laboratory responded overalls workers white hands gloved pale corpse coloured rubber light frozen dead ghost yellow barrels microscopes borrow rich living substance lying polished tubes butter streak luscious streak recession tables director opening door fertilizing room bent instruments hundred fertilizers plunged director hatcheries conditioning entered room scarcely breathing silence absent minded hum whistle absorbed concentration troop newly arrived students young pink nervously director heels carried notebook spoke desperately scribbled straight horse mouth rare privilege central london point personally conducting students round departments
effect sultry darkness students visible crimson darkness closed eyes summer afternoon bulging flanks row receding row tier tier bottles glinted innumerable rubies rubies moved dim red women purple eyes hum rattle machinery faintly stirred air give figures foster director tired talking foster happy give figures hundred twenty metres hundred wide ten high pointed upwards chickens drinking students lifted eyes distant ceiling tiers racks ground floor level gallery gallery steel gallery gallery faded directions dark red ghosts busily unloading moving staircase escalator social room bottle fifteen racks rack couldn conveyor travelling rate thirty centimetres hour hundred sixty days metres thousand hundred thirty metres circuit cellar ground level gallery half hundred sixty seventh morning daylight room
yelling khaki babies loaded dumb waiters wheeled leaving smell sour milk welcome silence students held hand couldn lower caste wasting community books risk reading reflexes couldn understand flowers trouble making psychologically impossible deltas flowers patiently explained children scream sight rose grounds high economic policy ago century thereabouts deltas conditioned flowers flowers wild nature general idea want going country opportunity compel consume transport didn consume transport asked student lot replied primroses landscapes pointed grave defect gratuitous love nature keeps factories busy decided abolish love nature rate lower classes abolish love nature tendency consume transport course essential going country hated
lift crowded alpha changing rooms entry greeted friendly nods smiles popular girl spent night dear boys thought returned salutations charming boys wish george ears big spot metre looking benito hoover couldn help remembering hairy took clothes turning eyes saddened recollection benito curly blackness saw corner small thin body melancholy face bernard marx bernard stepped looking voice rang clear hum mounting lift looked round curiously wanted talk mexico plan tail eye benito hoover gaping astonishment gape annoyed surprised shouldn begging aloud warmly simply love week july publicly proving henry fanny pleased bernard gave deliciously significant smile want
eyes part downcast lighted fellow creature furtively averted bernard hastened roof pursued pursued enemies wish hostile supposed feel helplessly horrible benito hoover meant worse meant behaved meant badly making suffer remembered weeks timid indecision looked longed despaired courage ask dared face risk humiliated contemptuous refusal say yes rapture wretched wretched thought perfect afternoon obstacle golf trotted join henry foster found funny wanting talk private affairs public wretched word behaved healthy virtuous english girl behave abnormal extraordinary opened door lock called lounging couple delta minus attendants push machine roof
clock light failing loud speakers tower stoke club house began human tenor announce closing courses henry abandoned game walked club grounds internal external secretion trust lowing thousands cattle provided hormones milk raw materials factory royal incessant buzzing helicopters filled twilight half minutes bell screech whistles announced departure light trains carried lower caste golfers separate course metropolis henry climbed machine started hundred feet henry slowed helicopter screws hung minute poised fading landscape forest burnham beeches stretched pool darkness bright shore western sky crimson horizon sunset faded orange upwards yellow pale watery green trees internal external secretions factory glared fierce electric brilliance window twenty stories beneath lay buildings golf club huge lower caste barracks side dividing wall smaller houses reserved alpha beta members
mesa ship becalmed strait lion coloured dust channel wound precipitous banks slanting wall valley ran streak green river fields prow stone ship centre strait seemingly part shaped geometrical outcrop naked rock stood pueblo block block story smaller tall houses rose stepped amputated pyramids blue sky feet lay straggle low buildings criss cross walls sides precipices fell sheer plain columns smoke mounted perpendicularly windless air lost queer queer ordinary word condemnation don don pointed indian guide appointed pueblo feeling evidently reciprocated walked hostile sullenly contemptuous lowered voice smells bernard attempt deny walked suddenly air alive pulsing pulsing indefatigable movement blood drums beaten feet fell rhythm mysterious heart quickened pace
astonishment forget deprivation soma uncovered face looked stranger mean say wanted hit whip averted young sign affirmation sake pueblo rain corn grow jesus show bear pain crying yes voice suddenly took resonance turned proud squaring shoulders proud defiant lifting chin show gave gasp silent gaping seen face girl cheeks colour chocolate hair auburn permanently waved expression amazing novelty benevolent interest smiling nice looking boy thinking beautiful body blood rushed young face dropped eyes raised moment find smiling overcome turn pretend looking hard side square bernard questions diversion keeping eyes fixed bernard face passionately smiling simply dared look young tried explain
remembered huge room dark big wooden things strings fastened lots women standing round making blankets linda linda told sit corner children helped women played boys suddenly started talking loud women pushing linda linda crying door ran asked angry broke angry beastly weaving beastly savages asked savages house pope waiting door big gourd full stuff looked water wasn water bad smell burnt mouth cough linda drank pope drank linda laughed lot talked loud pope room pope room linda bed fast asleep couldn wake pope stuff gourd called linda called soma feel ill hated pope hated linda
small factory lighting sets helicopters branch electrical equipment corporation met roof circular letter recommendation controller magical effects chief technician human element manager walked downstairs factory process explained human element manager carried single group effect eighty black deltas cold pressing fifty spindle chucking turning machines manipulated fifty aquiline ginger hundred heat conditioned senegalese working foundry thirty delta females headed sandy narrow pelvises millimetres metre centimetres tall cutting screws assembling room dynamos put sets gamma dwarfs low tables faced crawled conveyor load separate parts forty blonde heads confronted forty brown forty forty hooks forty receding forty prognathous chins completed mechanisms inspected eighteen identical curly auburn girls gamma green packed crates thirty short left handed male delta loaded waiting trucks lorries sixty blue eyed flaxen freckled semi brave malice memory savage found repeating miranda words
bernard shout locked door savage open waiting let wait muffled voice door john difficult sound persuasive top voice asked purpose meet asked wanted meet john precisely don want bernard wheedled won seriously mean yes despairingly bernard wailed hell bawled exasperated voice arch community canterbury night bernard tears ai zuni savage adequately express felt arch community added afterthought derisive ferocity sons na spat ground pope end bernard slink diminished rooms inform impatient assembly savage appearing evening news received indignation furious tricked behaving politely insignificant fellow reputation heretical opinions higher position hierarchy deeper resentment
theory biology title paper mustapha finished reading sat meditatively frowning picked pen wrote title page author mathematical treatment conception purpose highly ingenious heretical present social order concerned dangerous potentially subversive published underlined words author supervision transference marine biology station st helena pity thought signed masterly piece began admitting explanations terms purpose didn result sort idea easily de condition unsettled minds higher castes lose faith happiness sovereign believing goal present human sphere purpose maintenance intensification refining consciousness enlargement knowledge controller reflected possibly true present circumstance admissible picked pen words published drew line thicker blacker sighed fun thought didn think happiness
insisted savage natural believe god re night thinking death mustapha hate solitude arrange lives impossible savage nodded gloomily suffered shut communal activities pueblo civilized london suffering escape communal activities quietly remember bit king lear savage gods pleasant vices instruments plague dark vicious place thee cost eyes edmund answers remember wounded dying thou hast spoken tis true wheel full circle god managing things punishing rewarding questioned controller turn indulge number pleasant vices run risks eyes put son mistress wheel full circle edmund nowadays sitting pneumatic chair arm round girl waist sucking sex hormone chewing gum looking gods doubt code law dictated resort organize society providence takes cue
door ajar entered john bathroom unpleasant characteristic sound matter called answer unpleasant sound repeated silence click bathroom door opened pale savage emerged say exclaimed look ill john eat didn agree asked bernard savage nodded ate civilization poisoned defiled added lower tone ate wickedness yes exactly mean purified savage drank mustard warm water stared astonishment mean say purpose asked bernard indians purify sat sighing passed hand forehead rest minutes tired surprised silence say bye tone re morrow morning yes re morrow bernard face savage remarked expression determined resignation john continued leaning forward chair laying hand savage knee want say sorry happened yesterday blushed
humming overhead roar suddenly shadow sun looked startled digging thoughts looked dazzled bewilderment mind wandering truer truth immensities death deity looked saw close swarm hovering machines locusts hung poised descended heather bellies giant grasshoppers stepped white viscose flannels women weather hot acetate shantung pyjamas velveteen shorts sleeveless half couple minutes dozens standing wide circle round lighthouse staring laughing clicking cameras throwing ape pea nuts packets sex hormone chewing gum pan glandular petits moment hog stream traffic flowed unceasingly numbers increased nightmare dozens scores scores hundreds savage retreated cover posture animal bay stood wall lighthouse staring face face speechless horror senses stupor aroused sense reality impact cheek aimed packet chewing gum
animals live parts live cold mountain forests flat grassy lands live rainy forests dry deserts live ice snow cover ground found ways places climates food land ocean travel land water air live houses wear clothes protect weather pictures help places read studying learn things earth look pictures pages try answer questions pictures help learn pictures discover facts earth think boys girls guess pictures bulletin board think things found earth animals plants buildings think things look newspapers magazines find pictures put bulletin board draw pictures put signs tell picture try show kinds things teacher help give ideas boys girls looking globe
miss class decided learn directions north south east west north asked john miss compass desk needle compass points north children looked compass needle pointed wall miss desk took compass parts room matter put compass needle pointed end room miss desk children big sign north hung sign wall miss desk south asked sue look compass miss find letter stands north find letter stand south answered sue south opposite direction north children sign south hung south wall room looked compass saw letters letters stand decide signs children hung compass find directions classroom sign direction north south east west hang signs walls classroom find directions house asked tom don compass sun help answered miss noon sun south shadows point north
cities exciting places grow change town grow busy noisy city city stops growing move city left quiet streets empty buildings call empty cities ghost towns pictures tell story learn story looking pictures read story red rock look pictures tell picture shows decide story red rock finish red rock stories cape cliff palace amsterdam miss brought large picture town class town red rock ago place woods fields river ran forest deer water drink birds nested trees bear cubs played meadows today forests buildings stand river factories built bear cubs played bridge crosses river deer drink write story town grew pictures tell happened look pictures tell write write sentences board miss class big book town class write story red rock
eastern coast country land meets water atlantic ocean coast cities places spend sunny days beach factory cities cities ships largest cities york city built islands city tall buildings workers huge stores look york city today hard imagine city thick forests covered islands york bay deer lived forests beavers built homes rivers creeks indians lived forest clearings hunted woods traveled canoe visit indians neighboring villages knew parts thought indians ago famous explorer sailed atlantic ocean christopher columbus continent europe voyages found continent north america explorers christopher columbus sailed york bay stayed safe harbor soon sailed explorers looking cities spices gold silk trying find reach china countries continent asia
fires problem spark chimney fall roof straw city amsterdam danger burning fast water buckets save city problems amsterdam needed market shop food farmers brought city farmer brought crops city knew farmer wasted missed chance buy things needed special market week shopping need special place market agreed soon marketplace built farmers brought vegetables tobacco eggs butter market indians brought deer meat baskets brooms furs ladies brought handwoven cloth lace showed things sell indians holland special kind money called wampum indians wampum seashells carefully shaped beads beads blue seashells valuable white seashells valuable beads woven belts strung string beaver skins kind money beaver skin worth dollars market helped city grow butchers bakers storekeepers started small shops market
hey henry yelled bear jumped expecting bear running woods henry laughed pointed big black stump look bear amy felt silly getting scared tree stump henry whistled jeep moved watch side hill grouch plan stay parts side hill grouch amy asked short legs side legs think funny looking mean temper run side hill faster fall jeep yessir fool hurry amy looked parents smiling side hill grouch asked don think mother laughed amy sighed henry jokes glad didn plane train amy mother shouted jeep rattled think fun missed train henry yelled engineer friend mine lot trapping real fine fur trapper henry stopped talking jeep lurched top hill stopped henry proudly fort amy stood look
find recreation building picture page dinner play table tennis pool play cards listen records read recreation room jumps birthday cookie bakes big cake guitar player tunes sings joins games night radio room radio operator tries reach united states talk families home charlie dobbins invites visit sleeping room small crowded top dresser holds fine ship models carve run says charlie makes pass faster wash clothes ask yes answers easy drop water comes melted snow takes huge pile snow bucket water lieutenant foley brings radio message plane south pole says flying mcmurdo put heavy coats walk dark tunnels amundsen scott look boxes frozen food piled tunnel walls hear sound engines electricity town pass carpenter shop hospital climb steps
village grew discovered needed rules wanted strong leaders help problems villagers fighting fought fence torn fought honey missing hives fought careless person started fire spread house house asked prince city live moscow leader help rules prince moscow put bell center village problem ring bell prince meet decide rules follow village moscow grew city times trouble village burned ground fires armies places broke wall city armies killed burned stole marched city moscow lived fear large group asia tartars moved place place brought herds cattle sheep fought hard took land wanted tartars took land moscow burned city slaves women moscow
moscow slowly learned countries russia learned country called united states america country learned obey czar decided lead country voted leaders leaders laws wanted russian began talking things czar worried let rights sure continue follow laws finally russian joined fight czar wanted food wanted clothes thought rule things began happen russia war workers ran food czar help workers stopped working factories soldiers fought czar czar gave power sure leaders trying leaders plan country months power finally group won moscow capital city group wanted big let factories stores land rich
ship docked unloading ship begin takes special workers unload ship passengers walk ship cargo unloaded special ways pictures pages show unloading cargoes care giraffes unloaded slowly quietly easily frightened workers gentle bananas unloaded quickly spoil stores things need special care harbor school big ship ship tied dock harbor live ship learning want learn engines big ships engine big story building engine parts care want learn ship pilots want learn care cargoes learn skills school ship learn kinds big buildings york harbor warehouses cargoes ships stored warehouses warehouse ship cargo bananas silk stored bananas silk sold warehouse shipped parts country
trucks trains city bring food things yorkers need millions city need things food city week hungry garbage city dirty smelly traders factory owners need trucks trains carry things buy sell ships boats move water cars trucks move land things moved york city high city sky busy airplanes helicopters large airports york city places helicopters land planes helicopters fly city thousands land air traffic safe control tower airport control tower talk airplane pilots tell pilots high planes fly weather give pilot directions landing taking kinds think help airplanes moving safely workers cars trucks ships moving miss class york largest busiest cities things york important girls boys class thought anne york harbor makes york special
newcomers chicago city problems troubles grew worried growing troubles woman decided troubles jane addams jane addams bought big house middle run neighborhood fixed house gave hull house friend ellen starr lived women hull house place problems help sick hungry homeless hull house fun learn things classes learn read write english school younger children hull house neighborhood parents brought children school parents money help family knew children safe jane addams began hull house help jane addams added buildings helpers saw jane helpers started places immigrants help jane addams ideas helped start working chicago today polish german irish neighborhoods chicago children immigrants grown moved move city chicago
maria martinez los small town california lived family maria los school studying medicine university maria plans doctor wanted study university medical school maria happy fine school maria thinks los exciting movies television shows maria likes watch maybe seen movies television things los maria studying likes try restaurants mexican chinese restaurants places maria italian japanese german food maria los countries friends school knows india nigeria japan england maria friends tell homes families faraway places maria tells america maria thinks los lot fun things living city maria city maria drive traffic heavy city hard friends
terrible town busy city buildings streets cars government help fire broke building building tried put fire flames spread hurt terrible town fire department police department problems terrible town terrific town large city government laws fire department police department neighborhood park children played streets safe school yard school yard parents neighborhood wanted safe place children play phone calls parents decided meeting don ask city government park vacant lot nearby asked miller maybe person owns lot sell city mrs edwards let talk city council maybe terrific town want tell city council parents started talking council member bell bell true children place play help bell council meeting told needed park
flash fire cloud dust mighty roar rocket speeds space rocket nose rocket spaceship inside spaceship person explorer space call space explorer astronaut astronauts journeyed moon pictures moon brought samples rocks moon added knowledge earth moon space explorer study earth moon sun add knowledge space earth round ball distance earth miles km land covers fourth earth water covers nearly fourths moon nearest neighbor huge ball rocks miles km earth give light reflects light sun moon fourth size earth travels earth month sun largest neighbor million miles million km earth big thousands earths fit sun sun ball hot gases give light heat daylight heat sun
flat map show easier globe flat map accurate globe picture help map peeled globe breaks map makers learned fill breaks stretching squeezing land water look flat map lands stretched map remember earth north north pole globe north north pole flat map north north pole maps find books north top page south bottom east west left north top page map maker print arrow picture compass show north look maps point north south east west map directions halfway north west direction northwest nw halfway north east direction northeast ne main directions find southeast se directions find southwest sw
regions houses built materials plentiful close hand region forested homes built wood homes built protect weather try decide live tents caves boats eat bread meal parts asia boys girls eat rice times eskimos live meat months regions eat foods visit regions try find answers question live hot rainy forest regions wear clothing tree bark eskimos north wear clothing animal furs wear clothing cotton wool linen fibers chemicals study regions try understand wear clothing small learned parents started school began learn teacher books ways learning travel watch television museums try think ways educated enjoy kind recreation country millions baseball football games read books sing dance play golf family picnics games play
chickens scratching food dust village lazy dog lies sleeping shade village deserted remained grandfather bones ache told sit shade weave mats palm leaves want bow arrows learned shoot grandmother stayed baby cut hair loom maybe sweet necklace seeds feathers stay village woman groans hammock bends village medicine studied father learned gather roots bark seeds leaves trees plants forest hands sick woman bitter cup herb tea shakes seed filled gourds says magic words recovery finally blows smoke woman drive evil spirits causing fever wears mask sings dances homemade medicines care help patients forest amazon rain forest lies sides equator hot temperature nights warm days
learned desert plants summer remarked bob woods interesting yucca insects pollen nectar food insect moth yucca special kind partnership partnership works moth enters yucca flower collects ball pollen chin crawls upward part flower seed pod carefully lays eggs soon seed pod moth rubs ball pollen seed making part flower eventually yucca seeds grow ripen moth eggs hatch worms moth worms seed food seeds fall ground scattered wind yucca plant seeds eaten moth worms moth yucca plant grow seeds desert plants water months tina roots roots reach deep ground water dry father told plants sprout quickly ground wet added jacob chee grow seeds drying hot sun seeds lie ground weather turns cool wet start grow fooled warm wet days follow thunderstorm
family waiting bob woods drove morning opened plank door hogan bob walked cool dark room eyes darkness saw small steel barrel center room wide pipe rose barrel roof walls shelves wooden boxes trading post dishes pots cans food stored shelves sheepskins rolled corner mats sleeping extra clothes wool blankets hung nails walls walked fairly large barrel picked bob need water spring miles johnny pickup truck won yes bob woods replied told bob early navajo word navajo comes indian word spanish couldn pronounce mumbled sounded ho anyway means big planted fields navajos area ago hunters gatherers began farm learned ancient grow corn beans squash spanish explorers settlers
mom called bonnie answer mary uncle jack coming sunday chicago spend weeks wonderful answered mrs stanley mary help sweet pea ready fair big bus drove station lincoln sunday bonnie mother father waiting bonnie ran cousin mary greeted asked breath city lincoln named abraham lincoln bonnie named president show neat took mary uncle jack end station pointed historical marker mary read words abraham lincoln lincoln illinois site abraham lincoln christened town juice watermelon lots sold august president elect lincoln spoke november traveling chicago lincoln funeral train stopped completing trip springfield front marker replica slice watermelon part illinois called lincoln land continued bonnie lots learn lincoln president visited town law business things named lincoln college lincoln avenue lincoln park lincoln school supper night bonnie whispered mary let talk
jimmy opened eyes sleepily beautiful sunday morning sun streamed window cool morning breeze blew gently wide porch surrounded house reason jimmy felt excited sleepy remember jimmy yawned stretched suddenly recalled special mary connor arrived night miles km home illinois staying months father mining engineer part australia large farms part australia jimmy lives called stations named farm wallaroo station wallaroo early settlers gave large kangaroos part australia mary soon find australian wheat station farm united states australia rolling plains look farmlands illinois regions climates land ways jimmy dressed quickly ran hall kitchen mary anxious talk jimmy greeted mother sat eat bowl steaming oatmeal porridge mary soon asked patience mrs mary tired trip listen church services radio ride town morning
november days grew hotter december wheat turned golden yellow fields school summer vacation mary happy father join soon christmas holidays australia large forests christmas trees cut brought home artificial christmas tree bought town jimmy mary decorated tree strings popcorn cherries christmas hot sunny mary found hard believe thermometer showed wore light summery clothes mrs prepared roast chicken dinner rich dressing later evening sat porch sang christmas carols mary enjoyed christmas sad father going home weeks morning january began arrive wallaroo station neighboring stations miles help harvest mary discovered harvest meant hard worked women busy cooking serving food weary meals faces streaked dust noon grim announcement heard radio rain bad happen harvest workers finished meal hurriedly sped fields middle afternoon clouds began drift blazing sky
class teacher harald quickly gathered books pulled woolen jacket cap schoolhouse put skis began trip winding road farm mountainside harald reached home looked woodpile sighed sticks wood remained forest bring firewood big iron stove kitchen led strong horse barn started forest skis forest heard sharp buzzing sound jensen cutting trees power saw harald knew norwegian farmers cut trees winter help living logs firewood lumber paper countries europe asia africa australia south america print newspapers books paper norway harald loaded firewood started farm reached clearing saw mother barn gather eggs barn stall horse room cows goats chickens nearby smaller wooden buildings storing food hay tools farmhouse wood roof slanted sharply heavy snows slide
later dad mining town ahead coal pittsburgh steel mills comes mining region george ruth noticed mining town small highway main street town side narrow streets knew driven mining town don think live small town ruth loved home town girl mother small town passed minutes ago small town open country ramble woods father walks tell names trees flowers favorites mountain laurel wild rose showed daisy wreaths find tarts pies fall gather colored leaves mother pack lunch chicken corn bread apples tree backyard wasn boys george asked yes answered mother boys liked fish streams look older boys hunt rabbits squirrels trapped fur animals wintertime high hills sledding river skating
look george ruth walked home school suppose street think highways george replied heard dad say night highway neighborhood asked ruth looks marking exact route highway working street mean highway past house mom porch let ask hi mother called ruth working street hi kids mrs davis yes saw workers house father home soon talk inside house davis children bursting questions going highway mother past house asked george yes won past house house standing today houses torn neighborhood move home move cried ruth george exclaimed ruth highway house someplace davis hear talking highway asked don idea moving
karen room rules boys girls follow posted bulletin board run halls food desks bring pets school chew gum school school rules rules home karen rules obey room clean helped mother wash dishes set table meals rules home rules follow home follow rules family school follow rules teachers principal city obey rules crossing street litter bug rules say boys girls school nation rules rule follow called law laws nation group women called congress karen father karl wright member congress elected wisconsin help laws country find wisconsin map country atlas karen home wisconsin congress meeting wright family lives washington dad karen washington mean stands district columbia answered father
party wright drove karen white house entrance excited shook hands president wife managed say polite word greeting lady led boys girls green room blue room huge east room white house told stories visiting kings queens banquets ceremonies honoring artists military heroes scientists poets famous karen listened lady areas open public surprised learn dances dinner parties plays special guests white house family president family entertained friends home group lady showed gardens grounds white house karen learned presidents planted trees white house grounds lawn wings added white house contained offices working space president staff karen feet tired walking concert began boys girls sat edge chairs listened stirring march music played military band lunch served picnic style karen ate hot dog saw tall step rose garden president
later hawaiians asked united states islands united states congress agreed hawaii part united states hawaii asked teo mrs hawaii territory citizens united states vote president governor territory appointed president finally congress united states passed law permitted hawaii happy hawaiians asked teo answered mrs learned nation political region political region ways nation definite location definite boundary hawaii definite location middle pacific ocean united states water boundaries hawaii races backgrounds growing government laws constitution governor house representatives senate courts laws honolulu capital capital fourth history heritage history ideas culture early polynesians part heritage hawaii
objects assume distinct presence look blank infancy mother pretty hair youthful shape peggotty shape eyes dark darken neighbourhood face cheeks arms hard red wondered birds didn peck preference apples believe remember distance dwarfed sight stooping kneeling floor going unsteadily impression mind distinguish actual remembrance touch peggotty forefinger hold roughened needlework pocket nutmeg fancy think memory farther times suppose believe power observation numbers young children wonderful closeness accuracy think grown remarkable respect greater propriety lost faculty acquired generally observe retain freshness gentleness capacity pleased inheritance preserved childhood
carrier horse laziest horse hope shuffled head liked waiting packages directed fancied chuckled audibly reflection carrier troubled cough carrier keeping head horse drooping sleepily forward drove arms knees say drove struck cart yarmouth horse conversation idea whistling peggotty basket refreshments knee lasted handsomely going london conveyance ate deal slept deal peggotty sleep chin handle basket hold relaxed believed heard defenceless woman snored deviations lanes delivering bedstead public house calling places tired glad saw yarmouth looked spongy thought carried eye dull waste lay river help wondering round geography book part flat
room bed removed sentient thing give evidence appeal sleeps wonder bear witness heavy heart carried hearing dog yard bark climbed stairs looking blank strange room room looked sat small hands crossed thought thought oddest things shape room cracks ceiling paper wall flaws window glass making ripples dimples prospect washing stand legs discontented reminded mrs influence crying conscious cold dejected sure thought cried desolation began consider dreadfully love em ly torn want care half miserable piece business rolled corner cried sleep
wild idea running dover gave pursuit young donkey cart started greenwich scattered senses soon collected point stop kent road terrace piece water foolish image middle blowing dry shell sat doorstep spent exhausted efforts breath cry loss box half guinea dark heard clocks strike ten sat resting summer night fortunately fine weather recovered breath rid stifling sensation throat rose midst distress notion going doubt swiss snow drift kent road standing possessed halfpence sure wonder left pocket saturday night troubled began picture scrap newspaper intelligence found dead hedge trudged miserably fast happened pass shop written ladies gentlemen wardrobes bought price rags bones kitchen stuff
going morning found aunt musing profoundly breakfast table elbow tray contents urn overflowed teapot laying table cloth water entrance put meditations flight felt sure subject reflections anxious intentions dared express anxiety give offence eyes control tongue attracted aunt breakfast look moment found looking odd thoughtful manner immense side small round table finished breakfast aunt deliberately leaned chair knitted brows folded arms contemplated leisure attention overpowered embarrassment finished breakfast attempted hide confusion proceeding knife tumbled fork fork tripped knife chipped bits bacon surprising height air cutting eating choked tea persisted going wrong gave altogether sat blushing aunt close scrutiny
occurred mention peggotty ran course wrote letter soon housed dover longer letter particulars fully related aunt took formally protection settled doctor strong wrote detailing happy condition prospects derived pleasure spending money dick felt sending gold half guinea peggotty post inclosed letter discharge sum borrowed mentioned young donkey cart communications peggotty replied promptly merchant clerk utmost powers expression certainly ink exhausted attempt write felt subject journey sides incoherent beginnings sentences end inadequate afford relief expressive compositions showed peggotty crying paper desired difficulty kindly aunt notice short prepossession
wonderfully fine thing lofty castle feel shut outer door robinson crusoe fortification pulled ladder wonderfully fine thing walk town key house pocket ask fellow home sure inconvenient wonderfully fine thing let word ring mrs gasping depths earth wanted disposed say wonderfully fine say times dreary fine morning fine mornings looked fresh free daylight fresher free sunlight declined don seldom looked candlelight wanted talk missed agnes found tremendous blank place smiling repository confidence mrs appeared thought predecessor died drink smoke wished live bother
saw uriah agnes left town coach office leave returning canterbury conveyance small satisfaction observe spare short high shouldered mulberry coloured coat perched company umbrella small tent edge seat roof agnes course inside underwent efforts friendly agnes looked deserved recompense coach window dinner party hovered moment intermission vulture gorging syllable agnes agnes trouble disclosure fire thrown thought words agnes reference partnership hope feeling sure papa peace sacrifice entreated miserable foreboding yield sustain feeling reference sacrifice sake oppressed knew loved knew devotion nature knew lips regarded innocent errors owing debt ardently desired pay
arrived entertain newly found friends lived principally dora coffee love condition appetite languished glad felt act dora natural relish dinner quantity walking exercise took respect attended usual consequence disappointment counteracted fresh air doubts founded acute experience acquired period sound enjoyment animal food develop freely human subject torment tight boots think extremities require peace stomach conduct vigour occasion domestic party repeat extensive preparations merely provided pair soles small leg mutton pigeon pie mrs broke rebellion bashful hint reference cooking fish joint dignified sense injury sir ask sich thing acquainted suppose capable satisfaction feelings end compromise effected mrs consented achieve feat condition dined home fortnight
lasted week stronger tremendous practical resolutions felt crisis required continued walk extremely fast general idea getting rule possibly applied energies perfect victim entertained idea putting vegetable diet vaguely conceiving animal sacrifice dora dora unconscious desperate firmness letters darkly shadowed saturday saturday evening miss mills mills whist club telegraphed street bird cage drawing room middle window tea settled buckingham street dick continued copying absolute felicity aunt obtained signal victory mrs paying throwing pitcher planted stairs window protecting person staircase engaged outer vigorous measures struck terror breast mrs subsided kitchen impression aunt mad
aunt beginning imagine seriously uncomfortable prolonged dejection pretence anxious dover working cottage let conclude agreement tenant longer term occupation janet drafted service mrs strong saw undecided leaving dover give finishing touch mankind educated marrying pilot decided venture sake principle believe happened required effort leave miss mills fell willingly aunt pretence means enabling pass tranquil hours agnes consulted doctor relative absence days doctor wishing relaxation wished energy bear mind commons occasion duties quarter say truth getting odour tip top proctors rapidly sliding doubtful position business indifferent quickened infusion blood display established sufficiently strong basis bear shaken blow sudden loss active manager
feel record manuscript intended eyes mine hard worked tremendous shorthand improvement sense responsibility dora aunts add written perseverance patient continuous energy began matured strong part character strength looking find source success fortunate worldly matters worked harder succeeded half habits punctuality order diligence determination concentrate object matter quickly successor heels formed heaven knows write spirit reviews mine going page page need spared sharp consciousness talents neglected opportunities wasted erratic perverted feelings constantly war breast defeating hold natural gift dare say abused
need spoke hour deemed parting hour need think change looking sight brought hand bier laid covered flag took bore houses carried known sailing seen merry bold carried wild roar hush midst tumult took cottage death set bier threshold looked whispered knew felt lay quiet room town took burden inn soon collect thoughts begged provide conveyance london night knew care hard duty preparing mother receive rest anxious discharge duty faithfully chose night journey curiosity left town
landed london wintry autumn evening dark raining saw fog mud minute seen walked custom house monument found coach house fronts looking swollen gutters friends admit dingy friends remarked suppose going familiar place signal change looked coach window observed house fish street hill stood untouched painter carpenter bricklayer century pulled absence neighbouring street honoured inconvenience drained widened half expected find st paul cathedral looking older fortunes friends prepared aunt re established dover begun practice bar term departure chambers gray inn told letters hopes soon united dearest girl expected home christmas idea returning soon purposely misled pleasure taking surprise
events book completed months took abode aunt house dover sitting window looked moon sea roof gave shelter quietly pursued task pursuance intention referring fictions course incidentally connect progress story enter aspirations delights anxieties triumphs art truly devoted strongest earnestness bestowed energy soul books written worth supply rest written poor purpose rest interest occasionally london lose swarm consult business point managed absence judgment worldly affairs prospering notoriety began bring enormous quantity letters knowledge chiefly extremely difficult answer agreed painted door devoted postman beat delivered bushels letters intervals laboured home secretary salary
nowadays carpenters apprentices printers aircraft engineers ago magic sorcery popular today sorcerers apprentices story clever successful sorcerer apprentice return lessons magic sorcerer gave apprentice run errands house clean tidy duty important perform regularly middle sorcerer study stood round stone filled brim fresh water river sorcerer needed lot water magical experiments making gold apprentice trudge backwards forwards river heavy bucket apprentice anxious fully qualified sorcerer soon tired learning simple magic turning green handkerchief red wanted big important spells tired running errands tired walking backwards forwards river keeping filled water began lazy sorcerer found empty annoyed asked perform special pieces magic neighboring town called apprentice
dream night times night remember regular dream maker discovery dreams importance sleep laboratories hard investigating process dreaming supplying fascinating information familiar experience curious dreams written records found accounts dreams attempts understand thought god devil thought foretold future events dreams bad influence sure thing dream mystery asleep dreamer felt night events real knew awakening dream things happened dreams possibly happen waking hours appeared let hidden part mind night dreamer control scientists nineteenth century took interest dreams key secrets subconscious mind today sleep dreams investigated electronic equipment speculating dreams foretell future mind active body sleeping dreams dreams questions answered
rocket metal cooled meadow winds lid gave bulging pop clock interior stepped woman children passengers whispered martian meadow leaving family felt hair flutter tissues body draw tight standing center vacuum wife whirl smoke children small seeds instant sown martian children looked look sun tell face cold wrong asked wife let rocket earth yes listen wind blew flake identities moment martian air draw soul marrow comes white bone felt submerged chemical dissolve intellect burn past looked martian hills worn crushing pressure saw cities lost meadows lying children delicate bones blowing lakes grass chin harry wife late sixty million miles children yellow hair hollered deep dome martian sky answer racing hiss wind stiff grass picked luggage cold hands
days cubs settled pets conscientious appointed nanny remained charge devoted minded pulled trodden fast growing bullies cubs females age definite character big benevolent superiority generous clown laughing spanking milk bottle front paws drank eyes closed bliss named means jolly cub weakling size spirit pioneered reconnoiter looked suspicious called elsa reminded natural course events elsa throw pride pride loose term describe association lions consist families living adults number adults living purpose hunting average number cubs litter dies soon birth weak reared reason sees cubs lioness mother looks till food
soon arrangements took safari order break atmosphere waiting distress luckily took safari means loved camped river banks lined palms acacia bush dry season shallow waters flow slowly swamp passing rapids forming deep pools full fish camp rocky ridges elsa explored sniffed rocks ended settling top rock survey surrounding bush late afternoon sun turned country blaze warm colors blended reddish stone part enjoyable part relaxed heat shadows lengthened deep purple rapid sinking sun details extinguished faint bird call died gradually grew silent suspense awaiting darkness awakening bush drawn call hyenas gave signal hunt began remember evening secured elsa tree front tents started chew dinner sat darkness listened suddenly unmistakable grunts lion audible
winter sun began hiding face snow covered mountains pile center main island japan wind crossing ocean manchuria blew mountains steadily making sound phew phew phew slipped unhesitatingly houses charcoal makers farmers woodcutters hunters lived sheltered valleys inside houses thick clothes huddled basket worms worms busy keeping alive cooking food warming houses wood gathered snow season working hard wasting minute mending clothes making field sandals repairing farming tools outdoor begin spring shotaro father hunter family house stood closer mountains stood highest hill mountains miles lowlands school post office grocery village office clustered sentinel mountains towered side deep valley front house level patch cultivated ground garden vegetables grew summertime house knoll uncultivated oak trees stood screen protecting sharp winds blowing valley shotaro family father mother shotaro lived house
banneker clock members distinguished ellicott family george andrew john benjamin ellicotts educated quaker family engineering scientific business talent moved pennsylvania settled banneker farm build operate flour mills patapsco river heard neighbor clock lived pennsylvania benjamin banneker spent hours watching construction ellicotts flour mills operation mill machinery ellicotts flour business grew rapidly store post office opened mill site supplies sold store food mill workers banneker farm today ellicott city stands site ellicott flour enterprise patapsco river maryland ellicotts neighbors getting talk store turning point benjamin banneker store post office popular meeting places community discuss news george ellicott mathematician astronomer impressed curiosity scientific interests black neighbor respected banneker mechanical genius science math aptitude common interests banneker george ellicott led strong friendship george ellicott encouraged interests talents friend banneker lending number astronomy books instruments books mayer tables sun moon ferguson astronomy lunar tables
inveterate inventor thomas edison won success industry greatest renown father electrical industry title claimed edison realized person invented electricity thousand applications combined workshop laboratory menlo park later orange jersey edison worked inventions fifty age sixty patents heaven knows held eighty laid rest sorrowing nation mourned america greatest inventor sorely missed hot tempered gentle lovable quotable hermit inventory philosopher prominent productive figure contributed immeasurably american thomas alva edison born milan ohio february spent early port huron michigan boy simply diverted making chemical experiments twelve left school newsboy grand trunk railway finance probings unknown fields fifteen proprietor stores selling periodicals vegetables hired newsboy train route civil war recognizing tremendous demand newspapers result battle shiloh young edison negotiated loan editor detroit free press
downtown susan don drive mother proud possessor brand temporary driver license susan borrow station wagon mother certainly run errands re driving station wagon thrill wasn fun susan decided driving car knew getting car running condition consoled saw worth worth waiting errands mother visit stores find set coveralls real coveralls thin cotton feminine version real thing apparently wasn demand coveralls fit wasn height didn weigh pounds found change coveralls girls locker room walk corridors end school automotive shop snicker reference student janitor suggest heard
grandpa looked eyes met mine twinkled laughing inside nodded face hot tell known afraid embarrass front friends hau boys greeted held hand buddies passed single file shook hand introduced polite laughed grandpa sir look fine grandpa guys sat lawn chairs patio floor yes agreed woke morning dress clothes knew grandson bringing friends guys want lemonade offered answered listening grandpa started telling killed deer vest grandpa talking friends proud amazed respectfully quiet buddies mom chase home supper left shook grandpa hand martin yeah don blame keeping left mom visitors martin grandpa won admit strength returned likes company tires
revolutionary america saw birth heroes war breeds greatness brave souls pirate heard story likely forget fanny campbell sailed love story adventures england tale told massachusetts started lynn town boston fishermen henry campbell richard lovell neighbors houses stood side side section lynn called high rock side side children grew fanny campbell william lovell fanny bright eyed girl slender simple looking kind face honest strong william wiry forthright outspoken grew fanny william fell love parents neighbors favor marriage things simple william wanted deep sea sailor received permission father boston ship aboard england merchant ship months sailed seventh returned home fanny fanny sailing sea open road course fanny active girl knew ride horse knew shoot killed catamount lynn woods sailing easily young spent days sea
jazz created american blacks put joining elements music brought africa music white europe interesting typical american art form elements developed africa europe course white music america strictly european product jazz distinctly african music africans don understand music european music totally unlike developed germany france italy past thousand mix things blue yellow green bluish color yellowish color distinctly case jazz built combination african european music special jazz african music question creation american blacks white jazz musicians jack benny goodman stan influential players important contributions music fact remains white players taking music created blacks list say top twenty jazz players fifteen blacks innovators jazz louis armstrong duke ellington charlie parker influential players black
meeting easy melanie liked feel door opened morning moment speechless surprise person glance april surprise hair stacked pile pins hair thing teetered forward thin pale face wearing big yellowish white fur thing shoulders carrying plastic purse big suitcase eyelashes black bushy looking left eye higher sloped direction melanie mouth opened closed times april adjusted fur stole patted sliding strands hair waited warily didn expect melanie kids intend definite impression hi melanie managed speechless moment melanie ross re supposed lunch think april hall april dawn april corrected hand sort smile expecting grandmother informed uh occurred melanie maybe kids dressed differently hollywood
waterfall inside longer heard steady continuous roar reef heard separate boom nearest breaker crashed rocks hands stood readiness clinging fast rope thought secure erik crept cabin moment part program carried found shoes stood aft shock reef firm stays ran masthead stern safe mast fell left hanging overboard reef herman bengt torstein climbed boxes lashed fast forward cabin wall herman clung guy ropes ridge roof held ropes masthead sail times hauled knut chose stay running bow masthead mast cabin overboard thought rope bow remain lying inboard head seas realized seas hold anchor rope cut sea rose straight felt tiki lifted air
seas rolled diminishing force happened remember water foamed sank lower lower red reef lifted crests foam full salt spray whirling able raft end logs highest reef moment knut crouched sprang reef line lay clear astern running waded whirling water thirty yards stood safely end line sea foamed died ran flat reef broad stream erik crawling collapsed cabin shoes cheaply cabin washed overboard pressed pretty flat canvas erik lay quietly stretched cargo heard peals thunder crashing collapsed bamboo walls curved downward bengt slight concussion mast fell managed crawl wrecked cabin alongside erik lying realized advance firmly countless plaited bamboo sheets hang main logs pressure water
eighty cents quarter dimes nickels eleven pennies felipe ortega gave red plastic bank shake empty eighty cents felipe picked coins top bed jingled inside cupped hands sounded lot money felipe stacked coins small piles top bedside table looked lot money deep inside felipe knew truth eighty cents help buying mama birthday present hey felipe ready felipe looked twelve sister isabel stood doorway felipe ready isabel asked yes guess soon change clothes wong garden center closing help plant tree mama promise set foot yard tomorrow morning supposed felipe blurted told don worry took care isabel headed hall room felipe took coins table put pocket crossed room pausing open window looked yard took care isabel isabel care
thaddeus neighborhood house school felt pictures crayons finger paints play ping pong fun days felt days missed going thursday afternoon andrews sing songs guitar songs happy sad children sang andrews thaddeus mouth sing loud listen want miss hearing single boom andrews deep voice single guitar waited sang songs singing thaddeus thought songs heard mamma goes mamma goes mamma goes thaddeus wished wished guitar wonderful sounds singing andrews children crowded andrews boy don think children looked thaddeus thaddeus looked andrews talking mean young fellow inside circle want talk looking thaddeus
don thaddeus walked quickly neighborhood house straight hill home waited mother inside sister bernadine asked thaddeus sitting quietly front steps sister tell mind thaddeus tell want buy guitar let play re careful careful bernadine mother hill turned iron gate sat front steps catch breath children today yes bernadine thaddeus wants buy guitar guitar want guitar want play sing bernadine asked mother house guitar guitar hundred dollars thaddeus mind boy fifteen dollars mother problem yard water tree week start growing dollar bills quarters dimes nickels pick downtown buy re mind buying dress shoes
led sand small mesa released goat ran hogan slithered blanket lay shivering family hunt sheep mother weave fullness morning light annie watched grandmother rise annie heard call sheep annie mother father hurried annie grandmother graze mesa annie grandmother reached sheep annie fingers slipped goat collar bell tingled sharply sheep pen school annie sat quietly wondered teacher asked questions annie looked floor hear night curled blanket sleep slipped blanket crept sky dark secret wind soft face moment stood waiting night loom felt weaving stick place warp strings separated warp felt wool slowly pulled strands yarn laid knees row removed separated strings warp reached row
hear whine big watch streak night sky wonder air travel began flying powered flight started wright brothers air travel airlines began jenny let potomac park washington bright sunny morning potomac park airfield field sits jenny proper curtiss mustard yellow biplane maze wires struts excitement air united states post office start regular airmail service washington philadelphia york city jenny loaded sacks mail important spectators line field watch preparations president mrs woodrow wilson postmaster general franklin roosevelt assistant secretary navy postmaster general japan ready pilot squeezes cockpit mechanic swings propeller start engine pilot yells contact switch engine coughs sputters dies president wilson frowns looks watch thinking pressing engagements white house propeller swung happens finally discovers gas tank empty frantically tank refilled mechanic swings propeller jenny responds engine barks comes alive
wonderful airplane flies heavier air blimps dirigibles fly easily slowly filled light gas makes lighter air airplane tons metal keeps air keeps air look feel real duck water swimming water air ocean air earth ocean water sea air pushes hard sides touches trees houses mountains airplanes air pushes hard moving air strikes directly pushes harder blow hard piece cardboard push quieter air cardboard pushing air moves horizontally top surface pushes quiet slow moving air faster air moves top pushes air moving quickly top surface creates vacuum place air pushing air underneath surface push easily wing airplane cuts stream air flows boat cuts water sails
leaving nests feed flying roosting trees pigeons soared aloft numbers blot sun watched amazement flocks swung skies eye direction equipped marvelous vision birds identify desirable food height roamed wide country searching food abundant berries soft fruits insects worms summer acorns fall winter wing muscles passenger pigeons large powerful body size average speed kilometer minute birds migrated south fall north spring weather food supply largest flocks passed place days flocks continued weeks longer john james audubon flight passenger pigeons saw kentucky birds passed overhead hours mass extending kilometer breadth estimated number birds flock stopped flight roost trees night birds alighted branches masses branches broke weight easy kill birds gathered huge flocks plentiful flesh delicious shot numbers hunters
mid spiked scarlet flowers nodded rocky slopes drumming stopped cock noisy mate sitting quietly ten pale brown eggs hatched feed young leave nest soon hatching summer lead woods barnyard chicks scratch seeds catch insects late spring young birds animals families raccoons foxes owls crows chickadees night family skunks trailed pine needles young small copies mother broad white patches coal black backs tails tipped white mother skunk lead young waddled single file stopped hunting ground tumbled play nose rooted pine needles dead leaves insects grubs worms living young skunks pounced hungrily bright eyed red squirrels scampered trees emerged home timid cautious clung tightly rough bark entrance began climb slowly carefully stretched legs strengthened muscles soon chasing tree trunks
morgan left home fourteen cincinnati look job worked rich landowner hired tutor help english grammar moved cleveland ohio lived rest job cleveland sewing machine adjuster clothing manufacturer loved tinker machinery able jobs skill fixing machines morgan decided start business opened shop repairing selling sewing machines smart businessman later opened tailoring shop hired thirty workers began making coats suits dresses sewing devices built driving streets cleveland morgan thought invention traffic signal traffic signals morgan invention allowed driver complete stop morgan traffic signal stop signs traffic slow move caution signal half mast position cars caution move directions yellow traffic light cars move today figure shows signal moved traffic east west north south stop
evening half past ten maria discovered telescopic comet degrees polaris night william mitchell wrote friend professor william bond harvard telling maria find maria took letter post office early morning knew hopeless gray fog hung blanket nantucket island knew hang days letter announcing maria mitchell discovery comet october didn leave nantucket october letter arrived cambridge days later seventh professor bond began observations comet twentieth measurements prove spot light comet wrote denmark giving maria mitchell credit discovery comet sighted father da rome observatory notice finding fourth seen dawes england seventh written immediately professor bond say received maria notice seventh delayed transit october exchange letters president edward everett harvard pleasant nantucket girl carry prize observatories europe nantucket girl exactly discovery large envelope bearing seal king denmark delivered maria mitchell
gimble nodded george gershwin don need composer george need song heard age transpose key sight yes sir gimble cafes night times small towns york pay fifteen dollars week want start monday yes sir george suddenly decided stop song plugging look position leave practice compose hard times worked theater pianist lost place music middle show played popular singers worked music publishing house brought songs music gershwin big success al sang show suddenly country singing george gershwin music popular song george gershwin fifteen music lesson george asked orchestra leader paul whitman compose jazz concert blue piano orchestra result blue proclaimed genius george gershwin
frances watkins dream freedom true january president abraham lincoln famous emancipation proclamation declared slaves america free mean frances longer fact knew blacks longer enslaved america freedom lives cases lives harder blacks face terrifying problem free worry beaten killed color skin white angry blacks free wanted sure blacks didn enter towns apply jobs schools groups ku klux klan started grow members klan bands late night dressed white gowns soon blacks began fear homes brutally beaten killed klan dangerous frances speak frances afraid klan courage ahead lectured south told listen terrible things happening supposed free equal
saw sculpture teacher took class museum saw beautiful italian figures marble size detail features clothes carved perfectly sculptures roped enclosed dusty glass cases teacher telling don touch museum guards stood sure didn outdoor sculptures saw child park large bronze statues general horseback distant stood high pedestals sculpture thing reach daily lives maybe museum happy asked bronze sculptures garden harlem york city site chosen sculpture city perfect front entrance community center hundreds children pass able reach touch sculptures decided young animals size youngsters relate easily comfortably took complete bronze zoo starting sculptures visit zoo planning hippopotamus camel elephant city garden harlem
oven called kiln wax hippo plaster block mold inside kiln temperature heat melts wax runs leaving space mold exact shape hippo space bronze poured top opening mold pouring hot molten bronze temperature molten bronze metal liquid cool harden hours foundry worker breaks mold free bronze inside plaster core broken sculpture bronze hippo emerged burrs rough spots worker removes electric file called chasing final touch color coat wax hippo ready harlem garden hippo camel elephant cast bronze foundry dedication ceremony animals welcomed community camel elephant hippo set cement base permanent part garden elephant camel city background faithfully reproduced original clay closer look young hippo final bronze looks exactly clay model lines cut surface give texture expression
deep booming voice red computer looked quickly asked red computer yes voice big robot teacher pointing finger red computer equal hush mathematics classroom red computer sat checkered floor thought thought circuits switches ready answer red computer began equals boomed robot teacher listen pay attention learn stand corner dear thought red computer mathematics sadly past rows computers looked pleased knew answer stand corner rest robot teacher making angry whirling noises flashing lights noticed computer blushing person built painted red computer stood corner looking window flowers birds trees sun thought lot things wondered differences colors corner night school look window moon stars
hot summer afternoon tom jane robbins working garden truthful tired gardening days starting school want exciting happen tom suddenly idea let door mrs marble lots interesting things house marble inventor house full strange inventions finished forgotten inventing children arrived marble busy mrs marble gave slice cake garden explore enormous black shed stood end garden tom jane garden hear strange howling noises coming shed wanted marble tell smiled pointed sign secret afternoon children played shed dared quiet jane noticed side door shut don quick look inside asked couldn harm tom older jane knew say want shed sure house children crept door looked
begun nose surface scraping noise jerk threw marble children seats happened asked jane picked rising going round circles marble looked worried worked hard controls afraid jets stopped tom looked side piece rusty cable poking front don give hope marble trying sound cheerful able reach surface bobbed open air marble horrified discover weather changed worse underwater storm blown drops rain beginning fall marble looked anxiously dark sky angry waves try clear jet storm breaks sooner inventor cabin opened door climbed wing started crawl jet heavy started tip turned marble scrambled sadly send sos radio
ago rain land cheyennes clouds formed sky thunder grumbled roared rain fell waterholes dried streams stopped running corn beans squash food crops died hot sun berries wild plums dried bushes ripening ground hard dry women scarcely dig roots needed food hunters farther camp meat prairie dry buffalo search water food group chiefs met consider decided send camp told bring food large storehouse women carried meat carried corn left brought corn saved planting squirrels brought nuts acorns saved animals gave food chiefs care food give equally share share alike starve food camp dry spell continued food supply grew smaller smaller
young shivered hurried rocky beach village alaska spring early land haida indians saw uncle chief whitefish carving totem pole dreamed spear whale catch salmon season give carve totem pole special design soon mother called son noon meal food left share fish brothers angry stay shore whitefish plenty joined wooden box fish stew catch fine big salmon catch biggest salmon big season boasted hungry whitefish looked thoughtfully nephew canoe especially finished carve bow uncle worked hard canoe days sketched raven carved bow finally canoe finished ready water morning villagers gathered group watch launch canoe
school henry huggins lived block play checkers beezus dog ribsy henry ribsy beezus liked henry knew played fair played checkers beezus won forty games henry won forty counting games ramona spoiled tipping checkerboard afternoon beezus henry knelt side coffee table checkerboard ribsy lay rug henry warily watched ramona wearing rabbit ears riding tricycle living room move henry beezus want play ramona riding tricycle coffee table shaking head ears flop ribsy moved corner lay nose paws watch ramona re beezus moved checker play checkers play ramona play beezus answer mind game watched henry move carefully play yelled ramona beezus looked checkerboard ramona stop bothering severest voice ramona scowled pedaled backwards coffee table beezus returned game studied board careful henry captured half checkers
beach road village animals walk beach comes friend hamilton brown donkey bringing home big stalk young green bananas morning hamilton brown says bernadine going village water ah fine luck bernadine walks beneath tall coconut palms shallow water soft feels lovely swim going village water comes grandmother janette john peter bernadine friends today grandmother carrying basket oranges head leading fat pink pig bought market village morning bernadine pig yes lovely hurry going village water ha luck bernadine reaches village warm sun climbed green mountain middle island going market filling buckets water pipe says mother says surprised bernadine waits turn water pipe fills bucket full mother told water bucket heavy
farther beach fishermen coming shore narrow boat caught school fish net drawing net sand net filled pearly fish bernadine stop watch lives nearby coming fishermen catch fishermen give fish friends pushing laughing crowd wading water fish bernadine love fish home mama fine fish fry lunch possibly carry bucket lizard shell coconut boat fish fishermen sees bernadine fish calls throws fat fish lands sand bernadine feet fish big slippery carry leave coconut boat boat mast sail gift father leave bucket mother needs water papa tea bernadine decides takes fish sea washes grain sand pearly scales shiny clean shell sea carefully slides fish bucket leaf lizard sits
think says beach think sand sand beaches walk roll dig sleep toes ears hair mouth sand plentiful don pay attention stop think sand interesting looks sand rock ground action water kind sand beach depends kind rock shore kinds rock colors sand common color sand united states gray white sand florida mexico green sand hawaii countries find beaches red black pink matter color sand don home shoes willing home bagful sand paintings directions follow tell want colors sand sand painting sand area color color sand painting decide colors want
air icy promise snow soon full moon appeared december sumi birthday gift ojii chan ojii chan oda oldest person sugi village sumi friends lived housekeeper sumi thought belonged family sumi birthday wanted truly magnificent oda going cold afternoon sumi visit ojii chan hoping sight bring fine idea gift found sitting room looking bones white whiskers ojii chan want sumi began answering ojii chan reached kimono sleeve pulled paper wrapped sour lemon balls unwrapped put mouth held sumi tell sumi asked oda took minutes answer sah rummaging head reply things needs soon sumi home didn give ojii chan birthday asked housekeeper woman sighed thought
circle rice fields sugi village times village school hattori carefully helped oda jeep shouted sah let roared road noisy red bull horn bellowed siren screamed bells clanged rumbled past snow covered fields village stood front houses noise ojii chan birthday sumi taro shouted curious wondering faces village children noisy red jeep school inside sumi saw mayor arranged fine happening table sorts things eat drink news birthday spread quickly villagers arrived food big party sumi happily thing happened taro added mayor stood told oda happy able celebrate birthday told happening sumi planned rest ojii chan told finer birthday home oda thanked returned eagerly fire engine jeep ride home
worst think fish pretty definitely true passover unusually playful intelligent carp bathtub larger friendlier harry bathroom swim end tub knew going feed mouth smiling days lived apartments pets mama papa thought thing occurred ask tell thing carp bathtub nearly week knew carp pet called joe days passover home school mama look harry leah shopping soon mama told harry save joe chance harry agreed mrs ginzburg bathtub reminded harry nodded saw meant easy lift joe bucket joe weighed kilograms holding handle banging bucket step lugged downstairs mrs ginzburg door
animal rock looks thick gray lump slug crawls stretches thin feelers head look horns body slick slippery touch feelers moves think snail slug kind snail shell slug eats flowers leaves roots plants likes young vegetables garden tiny tongue teeth chewed marks carrots cabbage leaves slug sleeps safely rock night comes crawls makes silvery trail seen paths stones slug detective look shiny trails trails eaten won slugs windy nights wind sun dry die animal find rock house earthworm wet slippery skin rings body rings longer shorter earthworm crawls ground stretching rings head end pulls stretches rings pulled earthworm moves getting longer thinner shorter fatter
snails lived juicy cabbage moved gently carrying houses leaf leaf search tender spot nibble snail father grow want biggest house silly father happened wisest snail cabbage things small told story snail father grow want biggest house things small father house light easy carry snail listen hidden shade large cabbage leaf twisted twitched discovered house grow grew grew snails cabbage surely biggest house snail twisting twitching house big melon moving tail swiftly left learned grow large pointed bulges squeezing pushing wishing hard able add bright colors beautiful designs knew biggest beautiful house proud happy swarm butterflies flew overhead look cathedral
left course skulls look big holes eyes bone tip nose feel nose jawbone makes hinge skull screwed spring skull hold jaw don springs skull muscles hold jaw place look skull head gorilla look holes eyes nose lot skull big difference heavy brow ridge brain case larger gorilla answer page skull answer page curve lower part spine born spines didn important curve soon began sit babies stand walk spines began curve curved spines hard standing straight walking upright gorillas chimpanzees apes develop curved spines lives bodies bent forward stand apes arms walking partly knuckles hands scoot ground backbone answer page rib cage
dragon didn older dragons show want decided help police officer sat middle street winking green eye red eye traffic light soon forgot eye green eye red poor police officer hop top top cars trucks young dragon decided help cable car conductor climbed atop trolley pulled brake claw grip took fares punched tickets fourth clanged bell wiggly tail forgot hold curve tumbled head tail rattled runaway trolley poor conductor chasing dragon thought help mayor chinatown stood house mayor polished horns curled whiskers tied striped bow wiggly tail important visitors dragon rushed greet visitors frightened hats popped straight air mayor angry ears turned red useless dragon dragon shouted sam ling toy heard sad
saint mary room patients opened filled sick rochester reason strange today afraid hospitals thought hospital sure die true operations dangerous sick infections surgery high fevers died knew happening discovered infections caused tiny germs small seen operating room scrubbed strong antiseptics germs live infections idea saint mary opened doctors believe thought silly worry germs charlie insisted absolute cleanliness operated careful deaths hospital soon thought saint mary place month month patients hospital earned money buy furniture money saint mary famous hospital knowledge stopped learning studying wanted possibly charlie read reports operations invented doctors worked big hospitals large cities
laura bridgman born farm hampshire laura nearly died dreadful sickness months lain cradle darkened room slowly father mother discovered sickness blind deaf weeks laura drink liquids sit walk nearly strong children age laura lived children deaf learned talk mute learned speak true laura hear speak learned sense touch laura school blind knew teach children deaf blind mute dr howe head school wanted try lesson began laura seated table dr howe sat miss drew laura special teacher table large key spoon knife fork book cup things doctor felt sure laura dr howe put key laura hand large key let handle feel
sorcerer lived castle high river rhine cellar workshop side cellar lined shelves books important book enormous volume called complete magic spells incantations book stood top shelf guarded night owl book locked sorcerer wore key neck side cellar sorcerer laboratory middle workshop water tub tub filled heavy buckets water brought steep stone steps led river rhine carrying heavy buckets job sorcerer apprentice lad named humboldt humboldt wanted sorcerer worked castle return lessons magic humboldt loved lessons hated chores wanted skip sing sit river bank daydream sorcerer knew caught humboldt loafing napping sorcerer hard humboldt grumbling change sorcerer mind apprentice apprentice learn apprentice earn magic powers sorcerer sorcerer called meeting black forest humboldt guard castle tasks
ago pirates sailed seas greek boys lived island blue aegean sea names milo jason alexander earned daily bread cheese tending pigs wealthy prince boys sang happy true pigs forever running hours sunny days free play trees climb races run salty sea swim week prince ship sailing bring fresh food boys ship took fattest pigs boys shiny silver coin boys found pigs clever spent teaching tricks cleverest pigs milo taught pig walk backwards hind legs jason trained pig dance jig alexander taught pig lie play dead trick pigs island knew learned run sandy side island boys blew high notes pipes pigs learned trick ran answer pipe call found special treat storm arose
persephone lived ancient greece daughter demeter goddess harvest mother loved bear demeter sat golden throne daughter lap earth look trees fields took persephone persephone danced flowers sprang persephone lovely hades saw fell love hades god underground wanted persephone queen knew mother part decided carry persephone picking flowers moved mother suddenly ground opened hades grabbed girl ground herd pigs fell hole persephone cries help died ground closed suddenly opened field boy stood cried pigs lost demeter ran wildly looking daughter frightened girl arms hades moved underground palace seated persephone throne gave gold precious stones brought joy wanted cold stones longed warm sunshine flowers mother palace hades garden trees grew flowers bore fruit birds sang branches
let paper airplane works sheet typewriter paper plane heavy art paper construction paper fold paper half lengthwise run thumbnail fold crease sharply open paper fold corner center fold corner fold side center dotted line shown drawing fold side dotted line sure folds sharply creased turn paper fold side left hand dotted line shown drawing number open paper fold side hand dotted line open paper hold plane center fold tilt wings slightly piece tape hold body plane wings tilted launch plane large room doors sure easily broken objects hit knock hold plane thumb forefinger centimeters nose raise hand high head throw plane gently forward throw plane slight upward angle ground plane slips side side try putting paper clip body added weight clip helps plane push air easily smoothly
bed night thought things happened thought future think daily experiences future thing think thing health stop moment try remember thought health morning ate breakfast night bed didn feel thought health think health don think health ill ill things affect health don think body need variety foods choose foods eat don think body need rest decide bed night things eating variety foods getting rest affect person health things affect health ways think things affect health things affect health think health ill ill
statements famous person deals common theme determine theme chip th block hen chicken genius descends stream lines ancestry tree bring evil fruit corrupt tree bring fruit noble fathers noble children cow bad calf care born reading statements determined common theme heredity correct heredity means traits characteristics living things receive parents kinds traits think received parents statements deal common theme understand heredity true clear understanding heredity twentieth century statements twentieth century fact credited believed lived ago true understanding called heredity twentieth century interest study concerning theme heredity earlier century greek philosopher aristotle believed blood carried traits parents gave offspring aristotle respected believed
factors constantly influencing heredity environment combined factors person unlike person lived live factors unlike special person minute close eyes think think ways unlike person think ways look identical twin differences twin think handwriting ways handwriting unlike think speak speaks exactly speak think feelings feels exactly things things think help special think important person consider special consider special explain answer feel wrong considered bragging think special look pictures page differences help special
things known earth complex human sound strange light things computers rockets space capsules jet planes lasers truth human complex understood things mentioned combined remember human beings designed built things think makes human complex difficult understand birth body parts human fetus working alive developing fetus developing human months birth born born human fetus called infant newborn words human body capable taking care ways birth body parts human fetus working alive developing heart liver muscles blood vessels brain nerves addition parts fetus body working formed parts kidneys stomach lungs intestines think parts fetus body working regardless part fetus body talked part likely millions living cells fact living cells body part exists basic important parts human cells
mentioned earlier blood parts fetus body works alive developing fetus parts body helped supply blood cells parts included liver spleen bones born parts body supplying blood cells reduced mainly bones bones skull ribs backbone breastbone bones arms legs bones continue supply blood cells body today reason body constantly supplied blood cells blood cells live short fact blood cells live days wear need replaced blood cells live months main types blood cells type called red blood cells type called white blood cells red blood cells entered bloodstream bones supply cells red blood cells travel body months estimated adult body twenty trillion red blood cells red blood cells die replaced average rate minute dead red blood cells removed blood liver spleen main job red blood cells carry oxygen gas found air cell body
moment birth human body perform basic functions survive functions protection highlighted chapter don think body protects body generally protects conscious effort thought part actually fortunate body able imagine decide body begin producing white blood cells fight infection imagine decide body begin sweating temperature going normal obviously body ability protect decisions vital survival decisions affect body ability protect decisions providing body essentials things needs carry function protection essential body needs help protect oxygen generally speaking decide provide body oxygen decide body forces breathe results taking oxygen found air degree decisions quality air breathe consider tobacco smoke affects quality air breathe air tobacco smoke oxygen need tobacco smoke adds harmful substances air
black death claims lives fourth population hundreds sailors suffer unexplained sore reddened gums loss teeth unknown disease death thousands colonists america hundreds ago newspaper headlines read stated pointing leading health problems deal deal health problems living hundreds ago kinds health problems especially difficult deal kind infectious diseases diseases easily spread person person caused germs diseases included black death killed fourth population europe smallpox killed thousands including colonists america kind health problem especially difficult living hundreds ago deal nutritional diseases diseases person eat variety foods eating variety foods prevent body getting nutrients needs help carry activities nutritional disease especially difficult living hundreds ago scurvy scurvy results person taking needed amount vitamin nutrient ago sailors developed scurvy board ship food supply include fresh fruits vitamin
medical checkups regularly spaced times things help increase chance developing health problems realize medical checkups regularly reason medical checkups regularly expect checkups purpose chapter help understand things included medical checkup purpose help understand doctor makes information collected person medical checkup doctors suggest person medical checkup high school doctors recommend person medical checkup yearly important mind recommendations general nature medical checkups vary person person depending judgment person doctor birth date family average sleep trouble sleeping kinds food eat liquid drink medicines regularly types exercise regularly involved enjoy school job kind
medical checkup includes medical history physical examination helps doctor determine things person health person medical history doctor deal information things previous illnesses daily habits affecting person health physical examination doctor deal information structure functioning parts person body things person health doctor able determine medical checkup reason doctor person tests tests help doctor diagnose detect person health problems tests called diagnostic tests kinds diagnostic tests diagnostic tests purpose checking body fluids blood urine diagnostic tests purpose seeing parts person body diagnostic tests purpose checking functioning parts person body lungs today leading health problems develop slowly provide observable signs early stages development problems damage body health problems extremely diagnostic tests detect problems benefit
thought teeth realize teeth wouldn able eat solid foods wouldn able chew means unable enjoy french fries chicken popcorn pizzas apples carrots foods couldn eat teeth addition realizing teeth wouldn able eat solid foods realize look look thing cheeks sink mouth thing jawbones closer closed mouth look chin thing realize teeth difficult talking say letter alphabet slowly loud letters think unable say properly teeth think show realize importance teeth explain answer show realize importance teeth teeth months born
sore throat fever headache upset stomach experienced things things signs body homeostasis balance upset signs body give homeostasis upset things upset body homeostasis thing nutrients affect body homeostasis extended period think providing body sufficient rest extended period upset body homeostasis addition things nutrients insufficient rest thing upset body homeostasis disease causing organisms germs order disease causing organisms upset body homeostasis body disease causing organisms body past defenses constantly protect body organisms defenses include skin sticky lining mucus nose mouth defenses lot disease causing organisms getting body reason person able stay free infectious diseases person constantly surrounded disease causing organisms break skin occurs disease causing organisms trying body organisms
tried prevent spread infectious diseases ways tried changed drastically believed infectious diseases caused things evil spirits bad air try prevent spread diseases holding special ceremonies ceremonies supposed scare evil spirits causing leave addition build large fires burning days smoke fires supposed purify air beliefs infectious diseases wrong efforts prevent spread infectious diseases discovered infectious diseases caused microorganisms diseases spread number ways began look ways prevent spread infectious diseases found help prevent spread infectious diseases controlling sources diseases words found disease causing microorganisms grow reproduce suitable environment concluded reduce number disease causing microorganisms environment finding eliminating sources organisms grow reproduce think reducing number disease causing microorganisms environment help prevent spread infectious diseases
drugs abused drugs abused grouped types type drugs called depressants table pages summary information depressants depressants drugs depress slow body nervous system body nervous system slows activities body controlled nervous system heartbeat rate breathing rate slow body activities think slow result nervous system slowing kind depressant makes group drugs called tranquilizers kinds tranquilizers tranquilizers general effect person calming effect doctors prescribe tranquilizers suffering nervous tension feelings anxiety uneasiness tranquilizers extremely helpful care doctor prescribed amount tranquilizers drug harmful abused effects abuse tranquilizers include extreme drowsiness dizziness slurred speech lack coordination effects abuse tranquilizers include psychological physical dependency effects tranquilizer abuse affect person level health tranquilizers kind depressant makes group drugs called barbiturates kinds tranquilizers kinds barbiturates
type drug commonly abused type kinds hallucinogens hallucinogens drugs affect brain hallucinations table pages summary information hallucinogens commonly abused hallucinogen lsd lsd stands lysergic acid diethylamide generally lsd illegal united states experiments permission granted government abuse lsd brings effects person obvious hallucinations addition hallucinations person lsd experience personality lead severe emotional problems requiring medical treatment effect lsd abuse psychological dependency effect lsd person drug called flashback flashback hallucinations occur days weeks months person lsd drug think flashback especially effect abuse lsd commonly abused drug classified hallucinogen marijuana marihuana marijuana classified hallucinogen produce hallucinations possession sale marijuana amount illegal marijuana small amounts brings feeling contentment
burn result heat chemicals regardless burn results damage body tissue damage classified degrees seriousness signs degree burn include redness slight swelling pain treat degree burn kind burn apply cold compresses burned area place burned area cold water treating burn caused chemical step rinse chemical victim body signs degree burn include severe pain blisters considerable swelling damaged skin wet looking due loss body fluids damaged layers skin treat degree burn place burned area cold water hours blot burned area dry clean cloths break blisters apply greases ointments simply cover burned area sterile gauze clean cloths generally degree burns require medical treatment doubt seek medical help signs degree burn white charred appearance damaged skin pain swelling loss body fluids damaged skin apply greases ointments remove charred clothing skin cover burned area thick clean cloths sterile gauze person calm call medical help
teddy bear named famous theodore roosevelt called teddy president united states president roosevelt found baby bear woods saved bear drew picture bear printed newspaper saw picture glad baby bear safe toy makers saw picture gave idea toy stuffed animal looked bear named toy president called teddy bear soon children wanted teddy bear play teddy bears colors find teddy bears brown black white black white pink blue yellow teddy bears sizes large child large small teddy bears soft cuddly small bright eyes teddy bears arms legs move children teddy bears children talk teddy bears hold cuddle sleep grown ups teddy bears teddy bears children teddy bear ago teddy bears happy teddy bears named ways teddy bears look
fox sly didn want bear caught fish pond cut hole ice put bushy tail hole wait fish bite fish bite tail sting hurt longer sit tail pond fish catch think caught fish pull tail give quick strong pull thank bear funny catch fish try hope fish bite ha ha laughed sly fox watched bear hurry pond pond bear cut hole ice wide bushy tail hung tail water waited fish bite water grow colder colder bear tail grew colder began sting hurt bear believed tail stinging hurting fish biting finally bear decided fish supper tried pull fish thought caught poor bear stand water hole turned ice part bear tail hung pond caught fast
bought magic lollipop candy shop hurried home sat cushion ate lollipop closed eyes wishes wish tree grandmother wished kitten brother wish consonant letters stand sound letters edward elizabeth finished breakfast brushed teeth clock edward elizabeth ready school re early change mother don rush father early edward school start hour watched workers build house stood front toy store window let school elizabeth late ran school halls empty re late elizabeth classrooms empty school today edward let home school today shouted children coming steps school today shouted children coming street happened asked father elizabeth edward home school today edward elizabeth told asked mother edward school elizabeth minutes father told early mother told didn rush father don rush late elizabeth
mrs hurried home store tell children seeing police chase robber turned corner mouth flew open soap bubbles hundreds soap bubbles pouring front window happened demanded happened steven shrugged look bubbles yelled steven shrugged elizabeth mumbled guess soap washed popsicle dog washed dog mrs asked wash dog sugar fur alan youngest mrs set bags minutes popsicle sugar fur chasing cat knocked bag sugar steven added mrs gasped cat cat don cat say visiting cat steven explained window opened let smoke mrs held head smoke smoke smoke stove cake spilled elizabeth offered mrs waved arms making cake school bake sale alan reminded making cake knocked police steven police police mrs asked police chasing robber alan told robber mrs gasped mean store robber police robber knock cake
yen chu sitting steps home happy thought missed friends left living neighborhood friends thought yen chu felt hit leg evening newspaper reached pick saw paper carrier climb bicycle looked tires shaking head flat tire yen chu air pump paper carrier exclaimed late route yen chu called shoulder ran garage hurried pump helped carrier fix tire thanks helping paper carrier re yes moved yen chu jody paper carrier nice help fix flat tire yen chu playing baseball corner lot friends jody yen chu looked corner didn invite don invited jody party let tell want play reached lot jody called friends running
summer think school grade fall don think exciting nice teacher miss lavender lot boys girls course miss lavender nice nice smile helpful things sad miss lavender broke arm fell ice stay home week substitute teacher mrs don mrs richard recess don mrs sing america beautiful morning richard miss lavender sings america beautiful don mrs laurie gave reading today miss lavender gave week voice nice miss lavender nice voice feeling mad mrs science mrs plants grow sunlight tiny plants called molds dick miss lavender told arithmetic mrs put names hand side papers miss lavender wants put left hand side storytelling mrs told fairy tale graders boys yawned
morning mrs told lot australia told kids school lonely part don teacher talks radio talk radio interesting lunch interested australia mrs told animals kangaroos wallabies koalas manatees recess played school radio mrs sat screen told lessons listen hard lessons gave answers funny seeing teacher mrs nice voice screen afternoon quickly glad thursday going big map australia paste things pasted picture flying doctor plane laurie pasted picture radio teacher richard radio school children kids australian animals sharon pasted picture mrs sister sheep clock stood looked map bright colors tomorrow australia think australia mrs arithmetic reading science
lives hawaii island oahu city honolulu honolulu capital hawaii tuesday morning dog walked school pupils teachers decorating schoolyard flowers remembered today forgotten bring bugle sounded flags united states hawaii raised pupils classrooms pledge allegiance flag boys girls brought chairs looked leis classmates wearing wished forgotten bring celebrated songs dances pupils returned classrooms busy school thirsty stopped buy cone shaved ice felt hungry friend house picked sweet mango happening park flowers busy watched lady white ginger thousands leis flowers shells feathers seeds displayed contest hurried home mother asked course replied watch picked blossoms mother chain flowers needle thread tied ends happy son aloha
dr king jumped car drove city buses empty saw black walking miracle happened night dr king gave speech meeting crowded church thousand stood listen comes tired dr king tired say tired listening agreed continue boycott walking walk straight walk segregation ended dr king black montgomery walked cold winter rainy spring hot summer formed large car pool cars give rides couldn walk black church bought station wagon dr king weekly church meetings teaching special lessons weapon love hate drive hate seek win understanding friendship love willing suffer willing love suffer bus boycott turning point dr king known newspaper television reporters talk parts united states countries money dr king traveled country telling story bus boycott mrs king gave concerts raise money finally boycott ended
windy silversmith surely makes things silver help thought happily silver whistle play want windy looked beautiful things silversmith silver cups candlesticks beautiful round bowl spoke silversmith wore big silver ring sir windy looking whistle small silver whistle whistle looking windy silver whistle eh money pay windy money windy suddenly thought carpenter windy woodworking shop looked glasses smiled sir windy began whistle big whistle sir windy held finger show carpenter whistle needed carpenter stopped working table making whistle asked windy call dog nighttime talk birds springtime surprise frogs river whistle wind carpenter maybe maybe couldn river cut willow branch sure stiff soft
wilbur worked machine shop wanted invent things thought learn lot machinery wilbur brother orville wanted invent couldn think idea story tells mother suddenly idea pop head wish idea hurry pop thought orville happened starr saturday brought butter eggs farm brought butter rats eating eggs didn left bring orville began idea starr talking eating farm corn oats wheat missing baby chicks don set trap asked mrs wright orville idea began grow starr trap set night caught rats smart catch orville idea popped trap look trap idea pay price catch maybe brother orville invent things ahead starr pay ten cents rat catches hope trap ready saturday
anne marie city kid lived housing project york kitchen window ten floors benches playground looked small anne marie father mother worked job home school clean house watch sisters rosa diana anne marie visit vanessa friend school stay rosa diana fun jumped rope playground played ball street anne marie didn kids anne marie wanted secret box bed small box big hold picture class pretty buttons things rainy anne marie took things looked put buttons string necklace picked kids liked picture sure sisters knew box wouldn secret anymore anne marie told secret box put cartoon bubble gum wrapper box
pencil case foot class inside case anne marie ring gum machine gold ring blue stone ring secret box wouldn care mrs miller luis volleyball anymore slowly anne marie reached opened zipper eyes mrs miller took ring put inside sneaker mrs miller blew whistle anne marie stood door kids books lined night anne marie added ring secret box looked red blue pencil put finger took heard rosa coming room dropped ring box slid box bed wonder ring thought sleep anne marie ran classroom bell rang took homework handed vanessa piece gum desk vanessa didn vanessa whispered gum don feel vanessa matter anne marie saw friend eyes red crying took ring gum machine anne marie felt stone dropped stomach yesterday vanessa today
need craig play playground asked lori wish knew craig answered sigh streets sidewalks city park lori crowded anyway need playground craig wouldn answered lori big ideas place play dream craig sighed hurt dream think things lori answered craig lori looking sidewalks sudden craig shouted lori lori asked vacant lot craig answered sale sign playground friends wow lori idea sounds won hard craig lots space lot high fence making playground hard real hideaway heart city lori let gary cathy chuck
tony looked barnes holding didn look asked prize barnes laughed called tony museum delighted arrived guide handed dan dan saw trip hopi land tell tony dan took barnes began talk special dan handed stick tony feathers string painted stick colorful tony message stick dan meant carry message words message words asked tony yes answered dan messages animals trees clouds spirits things understand words carry message tony asked explained dan kind message hopi indians wanted ask clouds bring rain duck feathers ducks swim water duck feathers supposed help clouds remember bring rain messages carry tony asked dan tell animals needed food tell fruit trees grow fruit needed food
considered things report thought older brother worked zoo ask help yukio give report school member group considered things decide help didn yukio idea told wow bring thing school report course yukio check mrs lee tomorrow find let give report checked mrs lee whispered wanted idea secret mrs lee acted surprised pleased idea sure member group report worried think whispered mrs lee arrived report excited wait members class play waited room yukio wait yukio brought big glass case covered yukio
wish inside big apartment building hill peggy bet beautiful sure susan answered walk dogs live apartment building wonder live place peggy asked susan answered hey look dog peggy turned look asked dog susan pointed cleaning street dog trying splash water asked peggy don dogs splash water hot sure susan answered thought knew dog seen stranger neighborhood peggy asked figure lost susan dog belong sure let poor dog looks lonely frightened peggy susan rushed dog crept shade building lying flight stairs dripping wet girls bent didn try move move tail weakly saying lonely scared lost poor thing susan
susan ran answer doorbell hi susan cole cole room chris rushed jumped cried licked cole hands face wasn stiff sore anymore chris finally quieted susan asked dog chris cole cole laughed dog puppy spent looking named christopher columbus called chris susan called chris chris knew begged chris sat cole feet looked susan say thanks pal knew help lonely tired dog don want figure susan cole scratched chris neck chris lost walking country lived ran weeds searched couldn find move city move live cole susan asked moved big apartment building hill cole answered
wrong asked grandmother saw pale look seen ghost ghost answered dragon huge dragon dragon cried grandmother yes big rock going eat breakfast hurry grandmother run sighed looking pale dragon demanded return hour don angry hissing spitting fire blowing smoke nose terrible sight grandmother answered refuse let face face dragon frightening want die allow eaten mean dragon grandmother let started big rock found mean hungry dragon waiting aha dragon cried saw hooray roared dragon saw grandmother thought today breakfast comes double treat didn tell grandmother dragon double breakfast hurry demanded dragon want breakfast want
prince silver river route safety reached magic island unknown seas beautiful island greener leaves summer prince jumped silver boat weeds walked narrow valley saw castle white snow prince reached castle door opened huge room hundreds cats sitting beautiful gold bench center room white cat cat asked prince course answered prince cat lose dwarfs finished winding ball princess priscilla soon asked prince eat ordered cat real hardship food hungry arrange things prince served dinner food eat milk drink white cat spoke bring sword harm gerard cats asked cat bring hundred cakes dogs gerard castle nibble safety white cat
penny thoughts linda thoughts cost penny boasted john laugh dollar quit heath tell mind ideas john idea patriotic program class month idea asked jeff let hear john think tell jeff give penny later give account leader country john explained sounds start leaders george washington country story going backward linda laughed tell idea john jeff john sing america start program singing easy don speaking part rest sing john answered sure jeff sing programs rich penny sang easy heath part hard crowds bother john crowds don bother say won scared rest jeff
song yankee doodle important part country history america national song knows tune yankee doodle tune fun early american soldiers soldiers helping british fight british army doctor richard wrote words tune song called yankee doodle words supposed fun poorly dressed american soldiers dressed british soldiers delighted song thought american soldiers funny sight sure word yankee british soldiers indian word americans called yankees doodle english word meant silly called yankee doodle supposed american soldier feel foolish americans liked yankee doodle liked tune liked words short yankee doodle big hit american soldiers heard american camps morning night yankee doodle fun song revolutionary war americans fighting freedom british soldiers companies american soldiers marched tune yankee doodle whistled catchy tune worked sang front campfires
resisted thing circumstance greatly strengthened bad opinion bessie miss abbot disposed entertain fact trifle french say conscious moment mutiny rendered liable strange penalties rebel slave felt resolved desperation lengths hold arms miss abbot mad cat shame shame cried lady maid shocking conduct miss eyre strike young gentleman son young master master master servant servant sit think wickedness apartment mrs reed thrust stool impulse rise spring pair hands arrested instantly don sit tied bessie miss abbot lend garters break mine directly miss abbot turned divest stout leg ligature preparation bonds additional ignominy inferred took excitement don cried stir guarantee whereof attached seat hands
discourse lloyd reported conference bessie abbot gathered hope suffice motive wishing change desired waited silence tarried days weeks passed regained normal health allusion subject brooded mrs reed surveyed times severe eye seldom addressed illness drawn marked line separation children appointing small closet sleep condemning meals pass nursery cousins constantly drawing room hint drop sending school felt instinctive certainty endure roof glance turned expressed insuperable rooted aversion eliza georgiana evidently acting according orders spoke john thrust tongue cheek saw attempted instantly turned roused sentiment deep ire desperate revolt stirred corruption thought desist ran uttering vowing burst nose
clock struck morning january bessie brought candle closet found nearly dressed risen half hour entrance washed face put clothes light half moon setting rays streamed narrow window crib leave coach passed lodge gates bessie person risen lit fire nursery proceeded breakfast children eat excited thoughts journey bessie pressed vain spoonfuls boiled milk bread prepared wrapped biscuits paper put bag helped bonnet wrapping shawl left nursery passed mrs reed bed room bid missis bessie crib night supper need disturb morning cousins told remember friend speak grateful
promise smooth career calm introduction hall pledge belied longer acquaintance place inmates mrs fairfax turned appeared placid tempered kind woman competent education average intelligence pupil lively child spoilt indulged wayward committed entirely care injudicious interference quarter thwarted plans improvement soon forgot freaks obedient talents marked traits character peculiar development feeling taste raised inch ordinary level childhood deficiency vice sunk reasonable progress entertained vivacious profound affection simplicity gay prattle efforts inspired return degree attachment sufficient content society par thought cool language persons entertain solemn doctrines nature children duty charged education conceive devotion writing flatter paternal egotism echo prop humbug merely telling truth felt conscientious solicitude adele welfare progress quiet liking cherished mrs fairfax thankfulness kindness pleasure society proportionate tranquil regard moderation mind character
rochester surgeon orders bed early night rise soon morning attend business agent tenants arrived waiting speak adele vacate library daily requisition reception room callers fire lit apartment upstairs carried books arranged future school room discerned course morning hall changed place longer silent church echoed hour knock door clang bell steps traversed hall voices spoke keys outer flowing master part liked adele easy teach apply running door looking banisters glimpse rochester coined pretexts downstairs order shrewdly suspected visit library knew wanted angry sit continued talk incessantly monsieur edouard fairfax de rochester dubbed heard conjecture presents brought
subsequent days saw rochester mornings engaged business afternoon gentlemen neighbourhood called stayed dine sprain admit horse exercise rode deal return visits generally till late night interval adele seldom presence acquaintance confined occasional rencontre hall stairs gallery pass haughtily coldly acknowledging presence distant nod cool glance bow smile gentleman affability mood offend saw alternation ebb flow depended disconnected company dinner portfolio order doubtless exhibit contents gentlemen early attend public meeting mrs fairfax informed night wet inclement rochester accompany soon rang bell message adele downstairs brushed adele hair neat ascertained usual quaker trim retouch close plain braided locks included admit disarrangement descended adele wondering petit length owing mistake arrival hitherto delayed
library looked tranquil entered sybil sybil seated snugly easy chair chimney corner red cloak black bonnet broad brimmed hat tied striped handkerchief chin extinguished candle stood table bending fire reading black book prayer book light blaze muttered words women read desist immediately entrance appeared wished finish paragraph stood rug warmed hands cold sitting distance drawing room fire felt composed appearance trouble calm shut book slowly looked hat brim partially shaded face raised strange looked brown black elf locks bristled beneath white band passed chin half cheeks jaws eye confronted bold direct gaze want fortune told voice decided glance harsh features
forgotten draw curtain let window blind consequence moon full bright night fine course space sky opposite casement looked unveiled panes glorious gaze roused awakening dead night opened eyes disk silver white crystal clear beautiful solemn half rose stretched arm draw curtain god cry night silence rest rent twain savage sharp shrilly sound ran end end hall pulse stopped heart stood stretched arm paralysed cry died renewed uttered fearful shriek soon repeat widest winged condor andes succession send yell cloud thing delivering utterance rest ere repeat effort story passed overhead overhead yes room chamber ceiling heard struggle deadly noise half smothered voice shouted help help help times rapidly cried staggering stamping wildly distinguished plank plaster rochester rochester god sake
presentiments strange things sympathies signs combined mystery humanity found key laughed presentiments strange sympathies believe exist instance distant absent wholly estranged relatives asserting notwithstanding alienation unity source traces origin workings baffle mortal comprehension signs aught sympathies nature girl night heard bessie leaven say martha abbot dreaming child dream children sure sign trouble kin saying worn memory circumstance immediately served indelibly fix bessie home deathbed sister late recalled saying incident past week scarcely night couch brought dream infant hushed arms knee watched playing daisies lawn dabbling hands running water wailing child night laughing
month courtship wasted hours numbered putting advanced bridal preparations arrival complete trunks packed locked corded ranged row wall chamber morrow road london jane rochester person knew cards address remained nail lay squares drawer rochester written direction mrs rochester hotel london persuade affixed mrs rochester exist born till morrow clock wait assured alive assigned property yonder closet opposite dressing table garments displaced black stuff frock straw bonnet suit wedding raiment pearl coloured robe veil usurped portmanteau shut closet conceal strange wraith apparel contained evening hour clock gave certainly ghostly shimmer shadow apartment
sophie dress accomplishing task rochester grown suppose impatient delay ask fastening veil plain square blond hair brooch hurried hands soon stop cried french look mirror peep turned door saw robed veiled figure unlike usual image stranger jane called voice hastened received foot stairs rochester brain fire impatience tarry took dining room surveyed keenly pronounced fair lily pride desire eyes telling give ten minutes eat breakfast rang bell lately hired servants footman answered john getting carriage ready yes sir luggage brought bringing sir church wood clergyman clerk return tell church reader knows gates footman soon returned
afternoon raised head looking round seeing western sun gilding sign decline wall asked answer mind gave leave prompt dread stopped ears bear words edward rochester bride part woe alleged wakened glorious dreams found void vain horror bear master leave decidedly instantly entirely intolerable voice foretold wrestled resolution wanted weak avoid awful passage suffering saw laid conscience turned tyrant held passion throat told dipped dainty foot slough swore arm iron thrust depths agony let torn cried let help tear help pluck eye cut hand heart victim priest rose suddenly terror struck solitude ruthless judge haunted silence awful voice filled
leave cambridge deferred departure week feel severe punishment stern conscientious implacable inflict offended overt act hostility upbraiding word contrived impress conviction put pale favour st john spirit unchristian vindictiveness injured hair head fully power nature principle superior mean gratification vengeance forgiven saying scorned love forgotten words lived forget saw look turned written air spoke sounded voice ear echo toned answer gave abstain conversing called usual morning join desk fear corrupt pleasure unshared pure christian skill acting speaking apparently usual extract deed phrase spirit interest approval communicated austere charm language manner
manor house building considerable antiquity moderate size architectural pretensions deep buried wood heard rochester spoke father purchased estate sake game covers let house find tenant consequence ineligible site remained uninhabited unfurnished exception rooms fitted accommodation squire season shoot house ere dark evening marked characteristics sad sky cold gale continued small penetrating rain mile performed foot dismissed chaise driver double remuneration promised short distance manor house thick dark grew timber gloomy wood iron gates granite pillars showed enter passing found twilight close ranked trees grass grown track descending forest aisle hoar shafts branched arches expecting soon reach dwelling stretched wound farther sign habitation grounds visible thought wrong direction lost
reader married quiet wedding parson clerk present church kitchen manor house mary cooking dinner john cleaning knives mary married rochester morning housekeeper husband decent phlegmatic order safely communicate remarkable piece news incurring danger ears pierced shrill ejaculation subsequently stunned torrent wordy wonderment mary look stare ladle basting pair chickens roasting fire minutes hang suspended air space john knives rest polishing process mary bending roast miss sure short pursued seed master didn church wed basted john turned grinning ear ear mary knew edward john servant known master cadet house gave christian knew edward wait aught
miserable wednesday sleet fell rinehart hike school slogged galoshes dodging puddles careful dry turned pothole full slush fountain stomp stomp ice gushed basketball shoes need wasn knee bend mrs routines dumb gross icky basketball exercises wet blue jeans clung frozen socks shook fist direction school mrs underwater felt shoelace pop tread loose slap floors buying common exercise shoes season ahead rinehart threaded snowy football field usual shortcut morning pal run stopwatch took notes tons notes movements style rinehart improvements compare speed stamina randy fritz eugene timed football workouts science fair project concerning fine generals told coach believed let attend remembered rinehart prizes coach loves winner ahead rinehart called wind sprints today try hard pull tendon snowdrifts run extra laps practice afternoon practice mean limbering mrs
rinehart tomorrow reminded gasp air ready rinehart panted white breath explosions confidence held earmuffs lap football goalposts win test week free periods suicide running favorite field indoor session produced fresh set passes pass shots shoot drills drill chased rebounds checked stopwatch read aloud books professional basketball looked pictures imitated stars hustled rinehart practice ran suicides extra thirty minutes company generals warming hour boys noticed invisible fritz tossed elbow ribs close randy yelled el passed whispered worse passed coach blew whistle freaks left gym locker room crumble benches tired showers watch dying mirrors listen hearts thumping quiet faucets dripping try stand alive moaning haul dressed muscle pain cripples weekend
terra nova rounded tip ross island entered mcmurdo sound decided winter quarters established cape evans ship fast ice anchors hard advantages site hard week began assembling hut landing stores pony fodder fuel scientific apparatus provisions furniture erection hut proceeded swiftly rectangular structure pitched roof walls roof insulated double boarding packed quilted seaweed north side stables south east sides additional insulation piles compressed forage bales larder frozen meat tunneled compacted camp january expedition members took abode hut fortnight arrival mcmurdo sound scientific spaces organized bowers built storeroom south side worked darkroom cook excellent beginning served seal penguin skua pleasing guise january scott able write hut comfortable dwelling place imaginable truly seductive home walls peace quiet comfort reign supreme word hut misleading residence house considerable size respect finest erected polar regions feet feet wide feet meters eaves
mendelsohn rang bell opened door smell familiar cooking odors sunday supper spent sunday neighbors sporty greeted jumping affectionately barking shh sh boy walked hallway kitchen room crowded stove loaded large pots food steaming puffing mrs suarez busy basting large roast looking saw mendelsohn sit motioning julio seated continued julio finished give mendelsohn seat julio stood sponge cake mendelsohn handed cake box carried julio put refrigerator nice thank mrs suarez cup freshly coffee coffee mendelsohn asked yvonne georgie giggled looked shook heads say yvonne days gonna say yes give coffee won drink children laughed loudly don tease mrs suarez half smiling let coffee polite children suarez shifting chair closer mendelsohn asked mendelsohn ok suarez aches pains
wave friend passing side street friend waves think communicated concentrate say words fail recognize communicate body actions friendly waves saying hello fine glad wave gesture greeting salutation kinds waves communicate messages traffic officer waves intersection emergency worker waves danger meaning wave depends setting wave gestures convey thoughts feelings consciously unconsciously engage body talk aware information communicated gestures watching lot fun help understanding gesture body action conveys message observer body action accompanied spoken message occur important thing communicates thoughts feeling person looking consciously kinds gestures communicate smile nod shake hands convey feelings pleasure meeting
instrument likelihood communicate intelligent beings civilizations space radio telescope astronomer recently familiar optical telescopes big inch hale telescope mt palomar california radio telescope familiar instrument look radio telescopes optical telescopes operate collect record electromagnetic waves coming earth universe optical telescopes collect light waves radio telescopes collect radio waves collect light waves optical telescope large mirror focuses waves photographic plate astronomers develop plate picture telescope sees radio telescope giant ear tuned universe collects radio waves dish shaped antenna antenna focuses waves receiver receiver amplifies signal makes louder records graph paper displays screen tv screen examining paper screen astronomers read radio telescope hears radio telescopes things optical telescopes night kind weather optical telescopes night instruments clear weather radio waves pass clouds rain didn exist penetrate gas dust clouds floating space block scatter light waves seekers radio telescope thing optical telescope
memories vanished wind screamed miyax touched lichens top frost heave amaroq called ran slope climbed wolf den site silent eerie puppies playground speckled bleached bones tombstones graveyard picked saw jagged marks teeth carving comb wanting glancing saw clublike base antler weapon need snowy owl floated past turning head peered curiously san francisco called set eyes distant goal bowed wings flew southward silently shadow cast wind twisted strand hair stood wolf hill felt presence animals lived amaroq nails silver wondered wind gusted turned walked slowly home trailing fingers tips sedges thinking departure top frost heave froze tracks house crushed sleeping skins torn strewn grass meat laid grass icebox opened empty cried food
wolf brothers sisters danger beautiful animals killed rapidly soon doomed extinction wolves killed reasons kill wolves simply afraid ranchers farmers kill wolves protect livestock hunters kill wolves sport think wolves alive scientists believe wolves danger extinction understood wolves society understanding society creates understanding wolves animals wolves live families called packs pack small adults pups large thirty adults pups members pack generally travel hunt eat sleep raise young pup adopted members pack help feed train pack adult male leader wolves strongest healthiest intelligent male pack leads pack traveling hunting pack depends wisdom safe danger dominant adult female pack females strongest healthiest intelligent leads females mate male leader
weeks winter nearly gray whales headed past california coast moving south warm lagoons baja twenty later number migrating grays reduced whalers thought gray whale completely disappeared turned hundred whales survived pacific full international protection finally extended give endangered species chance recover presently foot whales annual mile journey bering sea mexico slow swimmers grays suffer losses packs killer whales pay price occasional ventures shallow water stranded recently gray whales deal problem meeting international whaling commission discussion stop harassment boatloads tourists spend watch graceful animals chase change public opinion needed give species shot comeback west hated cougar condemned bloodthirsty killer livestock deer mountain lion trouble early researchers mountain lion specialist maurice idaho began spreading word big cat shy secretive actually plays important part predator
july crew moved virginia harvesting fruit berries thought didn matter crop harvested places big joe took crew bad miraculously west virginia driving night dawn camp peered truck pa pulled halt early morning light compound blinked surprise camps stood bare flat land trees thick stand side scattered shade giving fashion saw crew trucks buses pulled end camp earlier arrivals moving caught sense excitement look swept camp compound clean cabins row houses attached saw screens doors windows stand trees large square building front saw swings slides real school playground eagerly shook boys awake juan telling cried camp gaither demanded peering big eyed play waiting answer started climb stopped find sure cautioned
hugged days hard days incredibly hard berries perishable harvested ready workers fields ten twelve hours finished school matter tired told smiling darkhaired teacher feel feel miss re student re quick re bright flushed praise learning easier schools confessed towns stop seasons don want going schools bit miss assured figured care shyly teacher looked room lively volunteer named judy drilling change corner laura slim tutor helping miguel mexican americans reading tom young college boy kathy volunteer conference gaither loomis youngsters playing yard ended parents home mothers beginning gather listen mrs marks talk nutrition child care miss looked young today lot caring
migrants dared hope road hope soon beaten worked ohio found late july heat sagging shacks stooping crawling picking packing big joe uglier driving angered big joe guessed seen threat power glimpse stripped graft fattened lashed determined break hold days picking fields dawn dark couldn dropped edge fields vacant eyed fatigue paid flat rate picking poor put haul took fields late brought home early cheats ways ma lips thin nodded wearily laws watch resentments muttered camp big joe moved past voices fell silent juan dared speak laughter face walked straight big joe unafraid demanding pride fear quivered cheat
trains traveling side side speed parallel tracks seated trains special speedometer measures relative speed trains traveling speed relative speed speedometer reads suddenly train start pulling ahead speedometer shows reading miles hour train apparently increased speed absolutely increase answer yes wrong wrong relative speed trains changed mph mph change brought ways train increased speed train decreased speed explanations account change speed don regardless explanation choose end result train arrive station makes difference say train increased speed train decreased speed explanations lead result choose choice important point things relative choose converse true choice things equally things relative
thirteenth century italian mathematician named leonardo discovered unusual set numbers appeared solution problem book wrote mathematics problem figure solving suppose baby rabbits pen male female end months produce male female pair rabbits continue produce male female pair month pair months starts producing male female pair month rabbits pen end let try keeping track let line chart shown stand month lines show pair rabbits started line shows pair born month making total pairs rabbits end month careful count pair fourth line shows pair rabbits born fourth month month pair pair month pair months pair chart happened end seventh month run eye figures showing total number rabbit pairs end month
mike called pam mike stayed bed don feel mike asked pam mike say thing bed mike called dad dressed don want place mike kind place asked dad sit mike sit place don don cry dad sing draw race play kind place mike don stop crying mike dad sit talk mike sat scrubbed face blow mike blow dad tell crying mike blow thing called show tell show tell asked dad show things pam tell show tell fun mike don want stand talk don want girls boys talk fun dad tapped face hand plan girls boys don face show tell mike hopped bed
ant wanted bugs place hard place mess help worm won hard need bake cake ant bake start mess place plenty plants worm place plants slant don place slant ant plants fall bang bang big plant fell maybe fry plant cake worm part plant hand don need fry plant ant need mop plant pot mopped things place ant bake cake worm art art ant place looks hard big help helping fun worm bug rang bell lots bugs rang bell ten bugs place bugs played fun looked art worm ant cake plenty cake ant cut cake cut big part worm
bike thing play alice car takes want maybe roy ride game maybe walk harry think roy won ok walks ok roy don think alice hid face arm harry ran hid roy ran hide tripped started yell yelled roy stand asked harry stand roy don think walk maybe hop harry arm roy hopped dragged harry alice boys roy tripped fell harry walk think ride bike asked alice roy fall harry walk side walk side alice want try ok roy hard harry alice roy bike slow going hard bike slipping side side ride asked alice wish roy
school today tina mother dressed fast going place think miss ellis wants show works didn school miss ellis small girls asked tina yes mother place miss ellis mother didn worked tina class fish tank school fish fish lot miss ellis let show rooms place stand stool feed fish snails help tanks looking nice feed small plants look dirt tanks snails class tank help tina brooms mops pails mother room big tanks big fish miss ellis tanks big snails help need brooms mops pails look tank tina fish women yes miss ellis fish scrub dirt big tanks boom boom boom going asked tina fixing rail pool miss ellis
smart fox fox walking tall green brush walking met big ox say smart ox walk tall green brush crush fox smart smart ox walk brush crush fox walked soon met snake nest say smart hissed snake didn tell asked fox didn hissed snake run fast birds fly fox hissed snake run smart fox walked tall green brush soon met dog say smart dog haven seen smart thing say smart fox fast rush things seen smart maybe dog haven seen smart thing big box set box walked smart dog seen smart things
mother father sheep farm farm green hills start let sheep took hills end sheep home drove sheep hills green spot pool sheep started bend eat stay started look place scout walked pool saw bees tree let sheep feed let bees nest hot cloud sky sat shade tree took slingshot shot nuts tree pool fine shot send nuts pool sat slingshot saw big tan cat tree bees nest cat wanted sheep let shout cat didn run stayed waiting sheep think fast flash plan took slingshot took nut
ago boys called boy woods pick tree father cut luck price boy took cold drink cake set woods met cold drink asked cold drink cake boy want give woods boy saw lots trees took ax belt looked trees tree wanted cut home father send boy find tree boy took drink small cake met cold drink give asked don melt melt boy small cake drink want boy saw lots trees woods tree wanted cut home
elsie inside sat let give glass drink brown hot toast jam hot roast elsie don need glass thank need drink need fast say hot hot mind brown told elsie hot think cool feel cool think coast beach think pool think snow twinkle handed elsie cost elsie asked thing brown try think cool harm trying elsie elsie saw scott hi called think snow scott say elsie told scott brown ok scott let try think snow look elsie getting wet snow getting wet scott snows lot coast ball snow elsie reach side street throw mine scott think snow night elsie maybe scott snow women elsie elsie scott rode girl boy
shop dolls cars houses wood saw helps circles fast grandpa lot things circles find home toys asked grandpa bet starting things glass want try making things pretty rocks find beach grandpa grandma making pots grandma making big pretty dad pots boy started painting grandma painting lighthouse rocks find lighthouse working asked dad grandma hard walk beach picked load pretty rocks home looked boats birds part night took seats stove grandma grandpa told days told father boy lived lighthouse told boats seen lighthouse hit rocks rain beat
mike asked asked ben asked jimmy answered mike corner don black thing mike picked black thing wow wallet mike opened wallet started look asked ben money asked jimmy don think mike don think wallet asked jimmy don mike maybe threw roof mike looking wallet wait mike pulled threw wallet hey ben money look money wow jimmy say mike ben jimmy money found boys roof sat front building wow jimmy looked money think money buy baseball suit ben need game tv mike need tv camp jimmy money boys camp sounds mike answered let money ben money remember peters boys camp remember jimmy mike sounds baseball suit tv camp
mark stopped playing going tom place remember told hands drums sat looking mark drums re beautiful someday chance play combo watch mark play mark tom place mark left moved closer drums closer knew playing drums mark thought sounds beautiful play combo someday thought mark wasn making beautiful sounds making awful noise cried broke mark drums didn mean broke looked comes mark find broke drums catch ran room mark couldn mark sure mark headed drums hit awful sound thought mark turn drum hit drum sounded mark played played thought broke mark drums didn mark played
todd asked going todd afraid didn want began cry todd lived top floor tall apartment building morning elevator give button push ground floor morning todd pushed button elevator started stopped todd pushed button elevator didn move happened help called todd hear todd pushed button happened started pushing buttons big red button happen bell began ring todd heard voice call ground floor voice elevator going don afraid afraid todd answered soon voice called push button bell stopped ringing elevator ground floor todd elevator lot policeman policeman asked think todd late school todd started run building policeman stopped wait policeman maybe help
look jody tree gray thing ground don answered ray looks animal moving jody ray ran look sure squirrel hurt squirrel ray leg hurt needs help sure answered jody happen poor squirrel stays yeah ray help pick jody dad told pick animal hurt asked ray jody wait dad help squirrel home ray asked answered jody care soon pet call poor boy jody ran home fast thought squirrel help poor squirrel don die jody dad squirrel home days poor boy leg strong jody looked poor boy felt inside belong poor boy say re don pair squirrel die think jody poor boy pet
jody pet squirrel gray squirrel gray squirrels stay trees squirrels stay trees called tree squirrels kinds tree squirrels red squirrel fox squirrel red squirrel smallest tree squirrels gray squirrel larger red squirrel fox squirrel largest red squirrels end end squirrel tail rest squirrel helps squirrel falling jumps tree tree tree squirrels food trees things eat tree squirrels hard find food hard store food winter tree squirrels build nests trees squirrel nest looks gray squirrels fox squirrels live city city squirrels watch dogs cats watch cars trucks kinds tree squirrels live country woods watch hunt squirrels fun watch fun hear hear look squirrel nearby strawberry walked walked merry round moved circle excited children ride merry round
want piano playing horse asked mcdonald strawberry shook head want ride roller skate red rabbit asked mcdonald strawberry shook head strawberry pointed neck cat mcdonald want sit sun strawberry head yes yes yes mcdonald turn pasture strawberry want pasture pasture strawberry chewed lots green grass rolled ground sat sun fourth strawberry tired chewing grass rolling ground put head pasture gate looked mcdonald farm wish pulling merry round thought strawberry started walk walked tried think merry round morning sun shining strawberry saw path path circle merry round strawberry ran circle walk deep deep path thought strawberry mcdonald understand want merry round soon mcdonald strawberry strawberry knew understand
look statue joe beautiful bird sure kim let joe answered bet beat joe ran fast kim reached statue run joe say joe asked statue kim read american bald eagle national bird joe looked eagle wow bill help eagle catch small animals kim national bird asked joe kim laughed maybe belonged uncle saturday aw joe mean sure answered kim house show want american bald eagle joe called sara kim re going house sure thing answered sara big bird kim house big problem kim answered soon kim joe sara met hank want kim eagle joe called hank ran catch kim eagle mean called kim uncle american bald eagle saturday joe re don mean hank eagle kim
president asked benson president john asked president country benson answered wow sue don mean yes benson call boys girls president asked jill tomorrow morning clock benson answered moms dads believe sue believe ray mean real president benson laughed letter home moms dads believe read hurry bell ring soon sue looked tomorrow sue think tomorrow slow coming beautiful kind important happen benson opened car door hop ride faster benson asked jill faster jill laughed benson big hurry wait jill re john met important president wonder wait answered ray soon find benson turned car parking lot re lucky parking place truck
president car began walking airplane stopped times shook hands friendly kind wish hand sue john lucky jill hand hurry benson stop sure john think stand chance don stand chance ray don talk sue chance look going president stop hello loudly took ray hand shook held short ray ray surprised ray softly hello president president smiled waved plane quickly climbed steps airplane going inside turned looked ground waved saying airplane took president children looked able speak sue um feel inside real began talk
walking slowly master till front steps past row yellow blue painted houses river end street hot summer afternoon master till passed sitting big willow tree riverbank spent thinking tricks play master till sat big willow tree afternoon looked river bank saw big willow tree big willow tree sitting wonder planted willow trees thought side river side suddenly master till knew answer string heavy rope tree shouted learn dancing bring lot money early morning master till strong rope birds telling dreams night till ran river quickly stretched rope willow bank willow bank practiced hard townspeople began stir morning master till practiced hard walk river high air strong rope master till ready gain fame lots money
heard asked ping heard asked ping friends sat drinking chinese tea eating cookies empty house village ping replied blue porcelain house say haunted wouldn surprised genie lived house demanded chang ready adventure don intend ping quickly knows happen fellow ho re afraid teased chang replied ping hotly fellows laughed afraid blue porcelain house chang let find mystery chang ping set friends reached door blue porcelain house chang knocked loudly surprise door swung open chang felt nervous friends watching knew enter walked inside suddenly door slammed shut faces frightened friends chang found dark shadows haunted house table sofa sat sofa waiting happen happened minutes chang cleared throat umph spoke dark shadows thanks letting
chang told youngest family hu tell head numbers replied hu hard count birthdays think thousand age agree chang told friends rolled laughing chang re making story yelled true word chang hotly prove tonight chang blue porcelain house angry hu thinking told quiet chang hu foolish believe let think show true idea chang village wicked witch pretends cure sick sick paid money witch runs dares cross path wicked witch harm believe asked hu help money answered chang rid wicked witch friends believe person overcome wicked witch
wise indian tribes met talked decided try push sky higher wise spoke push need animals birds push asked wise live part live speak language push puzzled wise don signal ready comes push let shout ya hoh means lift languages wise called eagle eagle message animals birds tell lift sky tell ready eagle told message poles fir trees sky lifting called raised poles touched sky wise shouted ya hoh pushed sky moved ya hoh wise shouted animals birds pushed
father died left family friends snake cobra snake called thought strange boy cobra snake pet think strange tell feeling sad money food hungry thirsty sat side road basket watched wagons roll tried forget hungry thirsty smell food coming wagons smell nose remembered hungry dirt stirred wagons mouth remembered thirsty snake need money food laughed looked don saying friend couldn answer need talk wiggle watching wiggle gave idea called passing road stopped looked asked sir sat waited walked
medicine warmed hands fire sat children tree mourning dove sang woo woo grandfather asked dove wear red shoes wear gray coat sound mournful listen replied indian storyteller tell story mourning dove ago mourning doves wore shining coat beautiful white feathers strong wide wings pleased strong wings flew flew night mourning dove found red rock red rock valley dove magic place saw ledge top decided spend night hours darkness rain wet red clay dove resting morning spread wings fly noticed shoes red beautiful cried bird red shoes mine fly valley sunflowers show red shoes mourning dove flew valley birds perching high bush called woo woo look red shoes pleased lovely white feathers round black eyes red shoes spent admiring beauty birds grew dislike mourning dove
getting pony schooner easy getting board thing tried pony bolted crew grabbed hold loose end rope jon uncle crewman pony boat led stern let call windmill jon looks going ways sounds agreed uncle peter feed rub pens buy ponies call crew trouble jon touched windmill velvety nose softly began rub head rubbed coat shiny silk ready feed thundering noise jon ran opposite side schooner happening coming fields small herd ponies uncle bought driven uncle peter cowhand galloped schooner windmill pricked ears stern snorted loud whinny running jump cleared rail schooner splash windmill landed water swam schooner floating loose end rope crew heard splash quickly ran schooner yelled pony overboard lower
late afternoon schooner sailed bay load ponies sailing wind started schooner homeward trip coast jon windmill fast friends jon pocket lump sugar whinny jon ear telling secret try trouble caused jon worked hard helping feed water wild ponies told jon rest awhile jon replied prove uncle peter care ponies slowly schooner coast potomac river finally docked jon home jon excited excited wait prancing side windmill reached ground uncle waiting big smile jon horseman ride home uncle peter unloaded herd wild ponies trucks farm jon stood watching minute windmill side flash jon windmill moment pony trembled snorted whinnied loudly reared legs
hans woke start sound asleep loft mountain cabin hans lay bed listened asked hear sure voices soft footsteps big room hans lay scared move thought spring father talked hans father growing big strong worker believe herd cows mountains summer strong care winter sets bring mountains think remember living cabin summer hans recalled excited dream swiss boy trusted herd cattle mountains easy hans thought hard rounding cows milking morning evening tired tired easier call thought hans loud noise room suddenly ended hans thoughts getting quietly bed hans crawled ladder hole looked room strange moving
steve sitting front steps julie steve asked rain stopped steve don want play house julie don steve julie show look show tv julie steve talk hear front hear say hear julie hear steve julie look things things sky ted ted help julie move eat ted let show steve julie ted sue steps sue don want play look sue play ted sue show
pam wheelchair walk climb tree things read hard kim house lives side street play inside house play grass kim wheels wheelchair nice street end block end kim runs front mean playing run front kim wins win kim swimming swim water feels cold yell put feet water don mean yell makes kim laugh makes feel inside school kim saw pictures children live talked saw pictures children playing pony tree look children kim things ride pony kim play live things
play golf lee playing golf lee boy learned play golf night play golf grass house older played golf plays golf wins prizes lee likes fun plays golf games likes laugh likes laugh started rain playing golf game run inside wet lee plays golf friend jack start game played lee surprise pulled play snake tossed friend jack jack backed snake laughed laughed lee likes help wins golf prize money lee party children play golf hamburgers ice cream things eat beautiful want ride want ok bridge hill hill climbing mountain
owl house upstairs downstairs owl upstairs bedroom times owl downstairs living room owl downstairs wonder upstairs owl upstairs wonder downstairs missing maybe run fast upstairs downstairs owl ran stairs owl ran stairs owl ran stairs faster faster owl cried downstairs answer owl downstairs upstairs running fast owl shouted upstairs answer owl upstairs downstairs run faster faster faster faster cried owl owl ran upstairs downstairs night upstairs downstairs owl tired owl sat sat step middle santa cruz looking page book reading thinking fun going days
find room grow sprouts sprouts grow kinds beans beans bigger bigger sprouts pop sprouts want eat sprouts foods grow sprouts beans beans beans kind beans sprout big jar cloth put jar water put beans jar cover beans water let jar beans water sit warm dark night morning beans bigger cover top jar cloth let water run slowly don shake jar wash beans jar letting water run jar covered cloth wash beans turn jar side warm spot wash beans morning night sprouts grow fast start grow days big eat eat don eat sprouts cold things sprouts
mean dragon hid rocks walls jump terrible boo scared socks dragon laugh laugh girl paper bags bags children help stayed nearly night putting terrible mean faces paper bags gave paper bag walked hill cave dragon sleep night hid big rock morning dragon cave boo terrible mean bag faces jumped dragon yelled scared socks stop pick ran hill town laughed laughed put dragon socks flagpole flew high town snows fly high put picture play dark front homes ice nice soft fur girl lived big city chicago talk lot liked look things think eyes house tree beautiful
look egg egg comes comes hen hen makes egg chick comes comes egg mother hen makes chick grows inside egg weeks egg stay warm chick growing inside mother hen sit egg warm egg put warm box looks chick food egg yolk weeks chick starts grow egg tooth egg tooth help chick crack shell weeks chick big shell hits inside shell hard egg tooth hard chick chick ready hits shell thin shell starts crack chick cracks thin shell chick shell chick looks funny wet chick dry looks soft ball fuzz chick feet eat food walk find food
fly airplane amelia girl wants want fly airplane amelia earhart young afraid airplanes amelia liked airplanes thought flying fun amelia flying school learned airplanes fly started learn fly stop trying flew fly airplane trip airplane ran gas amelia knew land gas looked saw wide street cars street landed saw airplane land shocked happy amelia amelia earhart woman fly atlantic ocean flew united states ireland newspaper stories reached women learned called ae amelia white house meet president amelia helped learn fly liked fly lands wanted fly woman amelia amelia left trip fly
nearly end mrs young room downs school mrs young children home read mrs young wanted children read days talk things school fit box bag ready talk thing school started talking jo bridges clock makes buzzing noise heard cars airplanes fit box peg black ned parks going beautiful book big pictures page jack ball thought thick white sweater ireland school mark lee think thing home school wondered wondered idea mark thought idea surprised big children room things liked mrs young asked girls boys put things mark mark put box window sill children talked showed things liked
thinking backgrounds fun drive crazy walk room nice straight line room background earth turning moving circle earth moves sun maybe watches solar system think fancy dance end sun huge bunch stars called galaxy sun makes big circle center galaxy dance crazier stand background move knows let worry experiments earth surface earth background plan trip moon distant star background push move started stop pushing happens push ball sitting smooth surface turn corner things roll slide watch happens teacher give objects surfaces experiment objects easier roll slide record observations notebook observation discover looking touching smelling tasting hearing explanation
try move pails act person want morning try stop pails moving act person want stop fun resist started resist stopped law nature mass resists motion resistance change motion called inertia hanging pail start move unbalanced force acts greater mass pail harder start stop inertia push rock resists weight space true rock mass rock moving push start moving push stop mass resistance change motion greater mass greater resistance inertia teacher pass kilogram masses metric masses familiar masses lifting lift textbook judge mass book metric units teacher tell correct mass kilogram symbol kg basic si unit mass divided smaller parts called grams symbol figure tells units figure picture special cylinder
think walk makes forward steps straight line notice foot pushes floor forward course floor pushes forward foot sends walk left turn notice foot pushes floor pushes left left floor force called friction girl figure whirling pillow circle pulls string finds pull hardest pillow floor pulls pillow head unbalanced force makes pillow vertical circle pillow top weight part unbalanced force means girl pull hard pillow bottom weight working balance weight pull pillow going circle imagine car figure going straight ahead blue arrows car makes left turn going straight line blue arrows newton law makes lean passenger car door pushes left red arrow
imagine able turn lead gold cure diseases forever middle ages group set learn things called alchemists believed learn nature secrets control processes change forms matter alchemists scientists word chemistry comes alchemy alchemists crooks promised impossible pay alchemists group young scientists hope learn nature secrets goals important turning lead gold trying find ways live running natural resources ruining planet pollution hope find ways live harmony nature ideal community alchemists powered sun wind wood fossil fuels research centers massachusetts prince edward island trying turn dreams reality alchemists experimented designs windmills worked farming techniques need chemical fertilizers oil ways solar energy unusual large buildings designed let lot sunlight rows solar algae ponds pond chest high tank filled water algae algae microscopic plants grow rapidly light
tear sheet paper small pieces pile tiny pieces neutral paper ground comb hand sure hand comb neutral comb hair rapidly end comb test comb paper charged end combing charged end comb extra electrons combed hair electron repels electrons electrons move end comb materials comb electrons moving called insulators look knob metal rod leaves touch knob neutral charged comb electrons quickly run leaves leaves materials let electrons move called conductors conductor bad insulator insulator bad conductor metals conductors plastics rubber glass wood cotton insulators perfectly pure water insulator water salt materials conduct electricity dangerous strong electric charges wet metals conductors electrical wires house metal large electric charges run wires small charges
materials circuit lets turn light turning circuit works draw circuit diagram lamps circuit parallel figure understand means lamps separate load add lamp switch circuit able turn disturbing try diagram circuit lamps figure series electrons lamp figure things series parallel tell house lights appliances parallel figure put switch circuit turn lamps try diagram circuit house switch turns called main switch figure electricians circuits house figure circuits room kitchen parallel living room bedroom kitchen toaster parallel light fuses switches shut circuits wires hot clock vacuum cleaner drawn motor symbols motors
sound ears air air particles lots space particles sound try experiments slinky stretch slinky floor table figure person hold firmly end person holds end sure slinky moving person suddenly push end movement travels slinky called pulse calm spring pulse maker push spring quickly times notice pulses follow fasten piece tape loop slinky send pulse slinky watch tape notice moves figure shows pulses traveling slinky notice loops close places togetherness travels slinky loops bounce travel slinky similar happens air guitar string vibrates study figure works vibrating string sends pulses air particles series pulses called wave sound wave wavelength distance part wave part
making extra large extra small waves waves meet called interference waves recognize waves look interference experiments show interference sound waves sound tuning fork hold ear rotate slowly hear tuning fork prongs sending waves waves form nodes rotate fork rotate nodes node goes ear sound fades goes hear sound put rubber band tightly top end prong tuning forks pitch tiny bit sound forks hold stem touching table sound louder hear forks pitches sounds wavelengths suppose waves ear crest meeting crest trough meeting trough sound extra loud figure soon waves step wavelengths crest meets trough sound soft hear loud soft loud soft kind sound interference called beats notice beats sound sources nearly pitch instruments voices slightly tune hear beats close feel unpleasant fluttering ear
suppose points red house asks red say covered red paint red paint red light strikes object reflected light object light absorbed light changed heat white objects reflect light strikes objects absorb light look black reflected light white light mixture colors materials reflect colors equally white light strikes red paint paint reflects red part light absorbs rest light colors red light reflected paint red objects materials reflect colors equally leaves material reflects green absorbs colors bananas material reflects yellow absorbs colors paint choose material reflects color want materials reflect colors equally materials look white gray depending light reflect reflect light look black suppose object reflects red light object reflects colors white light object looks red looks white figure
matter surface earth mixtures mixture combination substances tell mixture looking mixture salt pepper obviously mixture mixtures matter harder recognize salt water mixture looks single substance powerful microscope impossible identify mixture kind mixture called homogeneous mixture homogeneous mixture properties sugar dissolved water homogeneous mixture clear equally sweet mixture food coloring water homogeneous mixture color mixture salt grains sugar grains homogeneous grain salt sugar dissolve salt sugar water homogeneous mixture dissolve liquid solid gas solvent making solution solution homogeneous mixture solution colored clear milk solution homogenized milk homogeneous mixture microscope tiny drops butterfat figure materials figure mixtures homogeneous inside cylinders car engine mixture gasoline air explodes
jewelry metals gold silver copper metals pure soft stand wear tear handled metals strengthened mixing metals mixtures called alloys alloys melting metals hot liquid homogeneous mixture metals solution cooled metals form tiny crystals cooled solution alloy look alloys microscope figure crystals alloys crystals metals heterogeneous mixtures alloys properties pure metals alloys fit need twenty gold pure gold eighteen gold percent gold percent eighteen gold copper copper mixed silver sterling silver percent copper copper alloys gold silver harder precious metals pure metal soft purposes pure iron alloy iron steel steel iron small amounts substances substances iron tougher stronger prevent rusting stainless steel iron alloy rust cooking eating utensils
dark night ben drove slowly car lights turned smash hit tree stump roadside didn matter short walk office carrying explosives tool box gasoline climbed metal fence prying open wooden door office easy soon completed attaching dynamite safe blam money bulged pockets poured gasoline corner ignited quickly car heard criminals leave easier find ben felt taking money fire destroy clues forensic chemists help police solve crimes properties substances identify small amounts substances found scene crime crime pay ben laundry ticket dropped office burned infrared photography read names laundry customer laundry clerk recognized told police customer brought clothes wednesday ben arrived bag dirty clothes brought clothing worn burglary police informed rights took clothing crime lab
living things water half body mass water survive weeks food days water body constantly losing water feel loss breathe cold air cloud condensed water vapor breath exercise lose water skin faster usual figure hot dry air skin lose moisture fast dries feels uncomfortable replace water bodies constantly losing liquids drink water sources water foods eat put lettuce leaves clean piece paper towel describe appearance feel size lettuce squash press record observations place lettuce leaves clean dry paper towel cover clean dry paper towel crush lettuce spoon spatula happens paper towel crushing leaves minutes examine solid lettuce left describe feels record think happened fruits vegetables lot water seen carrots celery sat refrigerator vegetables wilted soft tasted juices fruits figure shows happens water removed fruits
live mountains guinea eat vegetables root plants sweet potatoes yams enjoy salt food difficult obtain valuable place find salt mountainous region mineral spring live travel distances mountains reach spring spring began trading stone axes salt living closer spring traders area brought salt trade salt local spring soon developed goiters babies suffered cretinism guessed read salt traders brought iodine salt local spring government area traders bring salt iodine added goiters disappeared hear word mineral think sand rock elements sand rock diet called mineral elements iodine mineral element body needs small amounts found iodized salt seafood fish seaweed figure mineral elements need sodium potassium calcium iron chlorine
foods cooked special ways fried chicken spicy boiled chicken prefer crunchy raw carrots soft cooked carrots cooking texture foods cook foods reasons cooking kills bacteria food spoil smoked food spoiling foods smoky fire figure food ends smoky flavor substances smoke help bacteria growing cooking food molecules flavors cooking breaks large carbohydrates sugar making foods sweeter protein amino acids meat grains root foods combine sugar cooked called browning reaction creates compounds delicious flavors associate browned foods reaction makes bread crust toast fried potatoes tasty crisp body digests swollen cooked starch granules easily uncooked starch granules cook potatoes taste texture pleasant cooking makes easier digest learned cooked starch holds water foods grain flour bread important protein molecules polymers amino acids hundreds thousands atoms protein molecule shape structure structure change protein molecule heated chemists say protein denatured denatured protein insoluble water
carlos vega puerto rico family apartment park carlos walk park didn city brother angel happy hurry school carlos walked school slowly hurry walked school carlos wished puerto rico puerto rico books spanish learned read city couldn read books learning read harder learning read puerto rico carlos wished didn words didn words fine walked don need say read going nod yes show things want draw pictures carlos home picture delivery truck put picture pocket school carlos put picture boys girls delivery truck asked teacher mrs dawn carlos gave nod draw mrs dawn asked carlos didn say picture monday teacher asked carlos gave nod put picture pocket seat smile
sound talk breathe air breathe air air breathe makes talk throat vocal cords shape lips air goes vocal cords makes vibrate means move quickly spaces throat mouth nose spaces called cavities vocal cords vibrate air cavities begins vibrate change shape cavities tongue lips change shape space change air vibrates sound talk sing say ah sound hear father move lips round shape hear sound change sound shape space mouth change tongue say ah change ah quickly sound feel tongue move needed move tongue shape space inside mouth sound heard ears hear sound remember vocal cords vibrate air cavities spaces mouth nose throat begins vibrate
say photograph page picture real monster call nessie say seen loch ness loch ness lake scotland scientists lake try learn unknown monster scientists catch able photograph looks monster loch ness took photograph think monster girls boys live loch ness saw nessie lake boy log looked swam slowly lake big hump small hump head child saw monster head brown snake humps tail big splash underwater monster child saw alive looked fish humps tail real proof monsters loch ness scientists try photograph nessie water dark water lake hides things monster close camera picture scientists kind sound picture sound picture found big animals lake
elaine put book reading sheila scott solo adventure elaine mother looked room don think late don finish reading book tomorrow elaine read book mother sleep reading try elaine lot mind relax try hard mother night night elaine mother left room elaine sleep trying plan solo adventure older friends think kid elaine show solo adventure won call kid elaine didn mean going scrap idea don plane sheila scott don bike feet feet elaine heard talk downtown say downtown downtown boy adventure elaine began think knew city big place knew walk downtown
pond frog jerome eating bugs wizard hello wizard jerome wizard didn called wizard looked jerome mean smile call person wizard sorry jerome sorry turn terrible wizard think turn prince don mind jerome wizard laugh put black stick air began sing strange song prince jerome asked course wizard laugh don feel prince jerome wizard town mean jerome wizard town hello prince princely deeds laugh saw frog jerome re prince princely deeds happy jerome thing want rid terrible giant crow eating corn took jerome corn green sun left wait crow
beat tail egg swim cold clear water tadpoles hatch eggs tiny spend eating water creatures spend eating eat tiny tadpoles fish turtles live middle pond water bugs spiders live plants raccoon watching edge creatures walk legs place safe helpless legs grow grow help swim raccoon creatures fish turtles swallow tadpoles water bugs spiders eat full grown frogs pond wasn safe creatures couldn care feel helpless full grown frog eat bugs care yes found mate mate laid eggs eggs hatch tadpoles care turtles spiders water pond dirty dirty creatures walk legs throw things middle pond garbage
run fun run win race set record run henry brown slave virginia henry brown knew black north free live wanted henry belonged pay ran danger catch bring beat story told slave virginia mind run wanted north free dare help found smith white smith worked plan build box wood mail box friends philadelphia chance dare run city philadelphia broke open saw bad slave dare run found live die didn wanted free didn want die chance danger
eddie show dive feet concrete tank bragged loud voice playing ukulele eating steak sandwich boy dive twenty feet house ground rain eddie eddie word going dive feet inches water land won mess water wave practice hard measure dive eddie dive inches water feet eddie dive put didn give told miller heavy mat put water practice beat eddie eddie lost job beat heard sea sailor idea terrible put mat water wrung nearly dry later heard sailor fair night playing ukulele eating steak sandwich eddie wrung mat hit mat night looked
seats building quickly filled night hall mrs gould children took places shane gould set record mrs gould looking nervous watching race tv grin gould face helped shane knew fine gould proud shane young girls set records knew race shane wanted win shane small room working rope warm race suddenly ran shane room race women pushed ahead quick called shane race begin shane looked rope happy hear wanted ready race needed swam didn tell asked took deep breath pool looking cry race began lap shane swimming slowly slow start wanted shane win set record
saturday wild boy visit sunday remember sunday likes play trick sunday happened window say today sunday friday going fly roof apartment house friday ready fly tuesday thursday friday mean fly friday fly star monday learned going fly today letter brother tuesday today wanted mom read letter monday wrote letter want play trick true seen friend heard brother mom secret friend wait wednesday roof today hear hammer saw noise hear hum funny song going friday secret thursday saw going roof hands big bag bread friday let roof
stars look night sky hundred hundred say wanted stars re person maybe person saw stars wanted ago learned stars learn person ago saw sky roof stars fires sky roof stars fires look sky star body white stars look stars look size stars big stars small stars small earth stars white colors stars show hot stars fire burn look colors burn blue white fire hot yellow red fire hot stars shine colors hot stars blue white green stars hot yellow stars hot
star starts cloud dust dust space cloud dust close starts heat dust hot starts shine star born scientists study pictures stars picture big cloud dust space scientists study feel dark places picture stars born cloud big young star big hot big young stars shine blue picture group young stars hot blue color wood fire wood burn star thing burn end star ways star sun burn small hot white slowly burn fire wood big star burn slowly blow shine hundred stars monster star seen sky saw dark seen star big cloud
checkup bob doctor green sit ground bob wanted listen doctor green jump look ears ears test eyes tell body let look mouth don swallow hand close mouth hand inside stand let re tall re heavy eat food home hop doctor green big breath listen stethoscope bob call thing doctor green told tell bob doctor green smart doctor don hit stethoscope sound loud drum ears want listen heart bob took doctor green stethoscope put ears put end doctor green heart hear bob doctor heart pump push blood body pump working sleep yes bob hit knee hammer doctor green
spring weather warm matter looked baseball air park big bee jean heard gave shout bee close foot jean trip landed hand bee jean looked wrist didn wrong feel funny friend ann called jean need person game friend help play jean matter give try ann catch baseball jean put hands catch jean ran ball throw ben ann jean ball jumped jumped side side ben catch wild pitch didn pitch jean pitch lose top team throw ball hands ben bat pitch jean ben worked let jean pitch pitch jumped bat ben catch
days mom sara want eat bowl floor want sleep floor floor place monster sara mother strange idea days strange children class feel don re play children leave sara don pick game strange leave feel asked mother feel bad sara practice feel nervous play sara hall carpenter sara let pick ticket mother ticket father mother father play big sara ready mother father hall children class sara stage jumped monster howl monster monster sara play play sara girl class sara strange didn tell
dinner kathy asked mom dad buy walrus walrus silly idea dad walrus give problems look bad points cost apartment tiny tiny live problems yes problems mom apartment tiny walrus needs ocean swim ocean kathy advertisement walrus trouble anyplace ocean cost points mom dad watched wanted say kathy think walrus real gave walrus present buy fish eat water house walrus happy dad kathy kathy began walrus house mom dad warned walrus wanted worked hard house saw wanted walrus mom dad kathy put lot house want walrus want order kathy couldn wait meet walrus
supermarket buy ad tv friend tell picture box buy let say tv star ad says frog cream makes skin soft wouldn want frog cream star frog cream hope try buy hope want tv stars say maybe try likes wouldn say tv commercial says likes eat happy mix wouldn eat happy mix hope commercial says true half true ad bend true products remember walrus suppose television commercial says super turkey big fresh cost turkeys suppose ad says half united states eat super turkey tv star says super turkey dinner night believe ad half true don believe supermarket compare products
happened night street fire wasn big fire fires body shop supermarket wouldn dad put sandwich shop wasn hit hard rest big store front window wall black water music box didn dad took hard fix dad maybe television game show sam win legs brown win television game show re middle school television game show joey english maybe sell baseball cards horse face sell brooklyn bridge motor mouth lot sell brooklyn bridge hard motor mouth didn sell skateboard baseball cards brooklyn bridge sam real answer saturday set found fast neighborhood pay didn stop neighborhood lucky
dr curtis welch looked hospital room pale face grew paler thought hard lonely fight ahead doctor nome alaska dead cold bitter winter hospital sick sore throats high fevers diphtheria spread quickly stopped easily carry hundreds miles eleven thousand lives danger need help dr welch worried voice need help stop agreed nurse maybe town send doctors railroad sea wasn frozen don need doctors dr welch need serum shots left folded thin hands give serum sick nurse idea radio united states serum yes weeks sick dead doctor airplane faster plane wind snow plane fly degrees try closer place care eskimo woman throat
danny glossy black hair flying breeze strode purposefully piers wanted run big earthenware jug clutched bit heavy awkward hold foot high reddish shade clay wide lip danny looked smile satisfaction aloud actually mother jar pussy willows nylon fishing line pocket danny frowned slightly grandfather sake grandfather america week lonesome fishing village japan danny remembered met grandfather airport plane taxied slow stop ramp stewardess opened door rushed looked meeting danny couldn looked grandfather dad dad watching crowd don forget moves slowly ah dad motioned small erect figure door grandfather paused stewardess bowed formally turned dignity walked slowly meet eyes widened slightly broad smile melted wrinkled features home mother readied feast prepared japanese grandfather nodded approvingly looked uncomfortable sat dining room table
seen whales interested strange animals look fish fish mammals whales playful creatures young born alive breathe fresh air grow tremendous size largest whale blue whale grow feet weigh tons strides paces cover feet tons weight full grown elephants whales feet kinds grow feet big think houses feet whales spend summers antarctic ocean south pole winter comes antarctic april whales swim north warm seas equator remain pacific ocean whale babies born tropical seas october big swim antarctic parents antarctic summer begins october whales spend summer eating whales eat kind shrimp called krill whales teeth mouths full narrow strips called whalebone strips whalebone grow close top bottom whale mouth whale swims thick patch krill mouth open whalebone acts strainer
boy summers brown bear stared high grass boy nephew tracy alaska summer fun things certainly found bear country don fool hundred pound brown bear move thirty miles hour tracy knew tracy stood maybe throw prize rainbow trout thinking bear mind slowly bear turned big head air smelled smell tracy uncle smell grew stronger bear dropped feet walked bushes things happened tracy summer tracy believed told valley smokes told plane land lake full rocks sure eyes grew bigger landed rode floating rocks plane tracy picked huge rock look face funny laugh holding rock size head weighed finger uncle cleared mystery
dr fleming set test tubes mold culture growing dipped mold smeared glass slide took scientist knew plant tell queer looking mold asked dropped cultures put slide microscope common mold likes grow cool damp london housewives doubtless troubles summer weather spoils bread cheese feed king guard week gave slide dr fleming family exactly sure branch family belongs dr fleming laboratory slide common mold eh common mold colony mold spores performing uncommon tricks months passed dr fleming soon racks test tubes velvety pad mold top performed experiments worked mold acquainted habits found unusual turned broth grew brilliant golden yellow gave idea maybe fluid produced mold kill bacteria began series tests streaked plates yellow fluid
exactly weight melts ice squeezes wire goes ice water freezes want judy cold judy dear let judy answer question judy makes glacier flow river dad mean flow river fast river solid ice flow flow inches foot flow goes valley water pieces ice break icebergs freddie yes icebergs break float ocean dangerous ships tenth water boom freddie hit boom ship judy makes glacier flow judy wrinkled forehead frown pushes pulls turned water wouldn glacier re getting warm mrs applegate suppose turned water happen part turn water think don don weight squeezing put glacier steel bottle laughed mrs applegate started kitchen apple pie
ancient china lived princess fourth daughter emperor tiny fact tiny means smallest tiny thought thought brothers older bigger stronger thought rising suns eyes father helped emperor rule kingdom teach ways peace sisters older bigger stronger midnight moons eyes father brought food table tiny star emperor sight allowed bring grain rice meal thought fact emperor forgot fourth daughter ate talked played loneliest thing favorite toy kite paper sticks morning wind east flew kite evening wind west flew kite toy flower sky prayer wind
bringing food father busy twined string grass vines wove strands black hair rope thick waist high tower ready tied rope string kite treeless plain reached tower called father voice tiny words lost wind emperor looked saw daughter flying kite expected tiny basket food sail window rope vines grass black hair wind raging holding kite steely grip princess holding tight end rope emperor understood worth tiniest daughter promised plan worked want wanted love leaned farther tower window grasped heavy rope brought tower room loosened string kite set kite free saying thy home sky kite kite flew
wise thought round columbus believed thought sailing west days spices silks jewels indies trip land sea dangerous trip indies sailing west columbus columbus set find king give ships portugal told king plan king portugal listened columbus secretly ships try plan terrible storm sailors returned told king land west king portugal wouldn give ships columbus columbus spain king ferdinand queen isabella knew spain rich indies found gave columbus ships ships called nina pinta santa maria small look today ships august columbus sailed spain crew hundred ships home sailors frightened told columbus columbus told sailors rich found indies sailed west landed bahama islands october
dear betsy cried forgot forgot electric electric susan look corn gather betsy vacuum cleaner neddie vacuum cleaner electric susan waste corn betsy waste re blizzard food runs live popcorn days mean re going eat popcorn floor asked susan dirty neddie wash dry betsy clean betsy left room returned big spoons shovel whisk broom help put popcorn children crawled room gathering corn floor furniture kernel popped fireplace flew chimney room children put corn find betsy carried kitchen poured corn strainer sprayed water going put soap flakes neddie asked cried betsy water dry piece neddie asked knives forks betsy don put corn cooky pan oven susan
anna patricia upper front teeth thought anna patricia missing teeth nearly teeth boys girls returned school september anna patricia teeth missing eddie saw going teeth don tho rude eddie anna patricia going teeth beautiful days weeks sign anna patricia teeth morning rushed classroom shouted look turned look anna patricia grinned wide grin teeth fuss anna patricia teeth suddenly teeth high anna patricia anna patricia shouted em child room rushed aw don believe eddie anna patricia em em cory let allowed hurt anna patricia em hurt eddie asked janie jamison daddy daddy dentist anna patricia broke front teeth moved guessed wasn going
eddie took desk broom george set emptying scrap basket contents desk looked george scrap paper wastebasket eddie swept floor carefully anna patricia teeth turn put wiped table carefully didn find teeth don worry anna patricia miss weber teeth room stay find want empty pockets put find desk dug pockets piles odds ends began desks nails build house nuts bolts put automobile washers stoppers plumber happy marbles bottle tops fell floor rolled corners radio parts set repair shop miss weber string pockets tie elephant anna patricia teeth found treasures miss weber idea let look looked look dip end paintbrush inkwell children dipped stirred ink carefully
tomorrow extra meeting special treat mrs dewey pet parade clock front school pets calvin remembered didn pet mrs dewey don pet borrow mrs dewey asked borrow pet calvin hurried home mother making salad father listening news tomorrow cub scouts going parade calvin mother re going march parade pets need pet dog don yard room dog father cat mother horse asked calvin mother borrow pet calvin wonderful mother thinking father lunch saturday calvin put uniform start early borrow mrs dog mrs standing porch calvin need pet pet parade borrow re late calvin ernie watson borrowed ago re mind helping locked crawl window open door calvin climbed window hurried open door mrs wait minute mrs
cub scouts marched town turned park charger walked calvin dog head sniffing smelled charger ears heard fire whistle blew stay calvin sit heel charger look ernie watson fire house firemen slide pole john ride fire willie jones wish calvin place line mrs dewey willie lead straight walk stop statue willie led calvin marched den didn pets mrs dewey calvin wondered couldn think thing decided share cookies passed line bag empty looked trash trash throw empty bag reached statue willie stopped sat scratched collar think thought calvin hold hunted collar found wanted flea calvin looked bag mrs dewey flea mrs dewey marched schoolyard
gray mouse lived mother secure snug haystack young mouse grew curious lay warm cozy home approached mother mother let find food today son cried fall hands enemy mother exclaimed mouse grown mouse certainly care let find food today begged mother let promise watch enemy young mouse ran barnyard excited saw fearful saw creature flapped wings cried cock doodle mouse scurried mother mother mother cried met enemy terrible creature comb red blood legs feet yellow sharp claws pointed beak angry red rings eyes opened mouth screamed terrible mother mouse smiled son son enemy rooster looks fierce harmless don afraid mouse crept sooner barn met creature
smaller horses short stocky morgan trained riding pulling light carts carriages quarter horses trained working cattle called quarter horses run fast quarter mile arabian horses beautiful strong bred deserts arabia run distances food rest smallest member horse family pony shetland ponies smallest gentle steady animals pull carts plows scotland shetland ponies heavy warm coats protect cold scottish winters parts horse horse live weather cold run deep snow cold countries found animals alaska northern canada eskimos trained dogs pull sleds dogs thick waterproof coats protect cold wet snow strong food days dogs hitched sled half circle dog pulling separate line driver cracks whip dogs running waving tail leader drivers care dogs part family eskimos dogs hard plenty food stay strong healthy
beginning animals beginning camel lived middle howling desert want ate sticks thorns milkweed prickles idle spoke humph humph presently horse monday morning saddle bit mouth camel camel trot rest humph camel horse told presently dog stick mouth camel camel fetch carry rest humph camel dog told presently ox yoke neck camel camel plough rest humph camel ox told end called horse dog ox sorry humph thing desert going leave double
suddenly cindy sat threw covers dashed window soft moonlight drenched backyard making lonely shadow stretch pin oak cindy told awake tomorrow bed smiling clock morning cindy scrambled bed dressed quickly taking coins table darted house half hour returned stood proudly pin oak tree declared present cindy turned ran house knew couldn wait ten clock mom alan moments later mrs johnson alan rooms rubbing eyes cindy stood smiling living room happy birthday mom cindy exclaimed special birthday present yeah bet alan joined eager trio hurried hallway kitchen porch sun shining brightly look mother exclaimed beautiful tree beautiful live tree alan took steps forward hey branch asked mother laughed didn birdhouse look wren moving cindy pushed forward front alan eyes widened surprise sure tiny wren sticking head hole birdhouse
nellie eleven morning sun brighten room months winter alaska cold sun seldom seen nellie knows morning sounds house lies bed waiting clang pan wood burning stove mother prepares breakfast earlier morning father left small plane fly family north slope barrow warmer house oil heating nellie blankets nellie knows hiding blankets mother calls nellie dresses pairs warm woolen pants heavy shirt sweater boots fur inside knees hot oatmeal breakfast caribou meat sizzles pan nellie getting tired caribou father brings big animals hunting trip meat forever dogs smell food mother says food nellie eats puts parka big hood goes cold dark morning chunks caribou feed dogs pearl lily big sam lie snow side house sled dogs village
evening diaz asked help miguel outdoors father don call miguel answered miguel diaz startled miguel spanish word mike boy insisted mike diaz asked mike miguel son yes country kids don names miguel stare tell father call mike diaz replied glancing realized miguel upset disliked diaz realized things miguel didn family thing miguel didn want father mother speak spanish friends visiting don talk spanish miguel night speak english friends don spanish don re saying fathers mothers speak english friends feel funny hear talking spanish feel funny diaz asked miguel spanish miguel answered bad diaz wanted yes father miguel answered bad want friends diaz asked miguel felt cross didn couldn give father answer
real catherine called kate born london grew known figure europe america kate famous artist kate mother visit aunt country mrs ill kate stay farm friends kate loved country loved fields flowers loved watching farm animals riding hay wagons bringing cows loved walking garden big house nearby kate liked look sky blossoms apple tree loved flowers kinds liked draw roses forget buttercups sunflowers kate london visited friends country kate spent lot watching artist father draw began draw wanted father twelve kate began studying art mother thought art training kate finest art schools london water colors kate famous painted water colors boys girls wearing fashioned clothes kinds clothes children wore kate born
remembered joe seen steve party steve invited surrounding mill towns festivities choose husband beautiful daughter ella steve country custom fathers decide daughters marry forever steve loved ella wanted happy occurred choice party steve huge solid steel bars dragged nearby mill guests curious suddenly midst laughter excitement steve yelled listen music laughter died wondering bars look weighs hundred pounds bigger weighs hundred pounds biggest weighs daughter ella prettiest nicest girl mill towns strongest steel line boys ready lift bars strongest marry ella young took coats rolled sleeves lined laughing pushing tried lift bar stan pete stranger johnstown lift
hey screamed foreman joe laughed don worry called takes bigger fire melt foreman shook head office took pills watched joe frightening steel asked joe joe say papa born mountain iron ore country steel steel passed mill town getting joe steel mill country sold highest prices market joe happy working hard loved deep hot song furnace shouting clang clatter mill morning joe mill breakfast mill completely silent joe banged foreman door door opened part foreman stuck head joe growled joe mill stopped furnace cold joe answered foreman don ore strike mines run mill strike ore
zeus uncle ulysses rid doughnuts looks hire truck sheriff lot noise shoving front lady shiny black car driver pushed crowd lunchroom lost diamond rings left counter pointed place enormous mountain doughnuts table yes ma homer guess forgot ring helped dough moved doughnuts looked diamond ring couldn find doughnuts rolling chute looked sheriff looked gabby homer sheriff didn friend mine lady give hundred dollars ring finds found don worry lady sheriff ring zeus bad uncle ulysses doughnuts top lost diamond ring gabby tried uncle ulysses feel bright side machine run batter hour
esther sisters lived mother poor cottage bubbling forest spring hated esther heart hard tell esther loveliest girl hope gentle soft spoken kind word asked sang chores doubt certainly plenty chores cow milked stall cleaned floors swept butter churned meals prepared dishes washed older sisters stood giving orders esther couldn bothered lift finger worst mother lazy took side goodness sake esther mother say re slow morning look floor mind sister care live pigpen esther sweep floor esther find run secret mossy place spring sit sing braiding flowers wear hair esther didn stood trees watching morning esther spring water
child lady warm dearly love drink water jug thought don need stir woman esther saw drink spring pointed spring plenty water answered rude voice don bend rest saving jug eyes lady grew taller taller started glow golden light touched lips return rudeness harsh words word speak toad snake fall lips return mother frightened left jug ran cottage ran door crying mother mother awful thing happened spoke toads snakes fell floor ohhh cried mother fainted minute opened eyes turned esther cruel ungrateful wicked thing screamed loving sister esther tried explain mother wouldn listen screamed want face sadly esther left cottage didn secret mossy place think
grandma lives grows chinese vegetables backyard summer planted seventeen eighteen kinds including chinese broccoli bok chinese cabbage kinds melons grandma grow lot vegetables china raised geese chickens lived farm village think misses grandma village china visit ask grandma opinion important say morning night show love respect grandma tells honest home home obedient parents kind chinese difficult speak chinese home grandma speak english grade lived north side chicago caroline chinese school regular school don chinatown chicago sunday church grocery shopping eat restaurant chinatown mommy daddy married church chinatown china parents decide children marry mommy daddy married wanted month party cousin der held top floor restaurant chinatown
live crowded house wanted inside house sat front porch waited patient person extremely intelligent knew eventually wanted minutes kid brothers crowded house sat porch unfortunately twins means crowd family hey rosa asked carlos yeah asked roberto took glasses polished quietly looking inside house sitting asked boys boys looked shrugging shoulders past experience means say decided play things try guess want house roberto asked reasonable person sure putting glasses twins started guess book kite dog animal vegetable mineral twins gave roberto thought wise help front door leaned inside hollered carmen carmen older sister expert making crowd
maybe yesterday playing dominoes sister older learn won game lost felt angry upset night suddenly awoke sound sleep thought heard unusual noises lay frozen scared call budge morning charged kitchen startled father big hug love simply felt maybe breakfast school noticed wonderful autumn colors leaves maple tree wondered happens felt curious wanted understand entire feels anger fear love curiosity emotions feelings important part person feelings special knowing thunder possibly hurt times feel afraid knowing facts change feeling maybe tells freckles cute fact grown ups facts don change feelings freckles don matter adults tell feelings affect physically dentist cavity filled stomach ache
asia largest continent half live asia china japan india vietnam countries middle east located asia asian united states chinese large group japanese groups settled mainly west coast country chinese americans living big cities united states japanese americans living hawaii asian moved united states wanted china japan asian lands poor united states find jobs thousands chinese united states hundred ago worked laborers building america cross country railroad chinese workers helped lay tracks deserts mountains west today chinese united states live cities san francisco york live small towns rural areas proud americans chinese customs kingdoms africa famous kingdoms ghana mali songhay kingdoms located western bulge africa area sahara desert arabs north africa called lands bilad al sudan land black
born york city student wanted study scientist parents european immigrants encouraged father told girls boys believed father knew young women seriously scientists spite ahead studies graduated hunter college york highest honors plan doctor degree science offered job office worker college took job allowed library laboratories school university illinois learned abilities offered teaching learning position declined office job university illinois devoted science university illinois woman teacher engineering college studied taught field science met married aaron graduated returned york soon research studies field medicine conducted research studies solomon medical doctor died started
earth light light sun earth shaped sphere sun light covers half earth half earth facing sun sunlight daytime half earth dark nighttime earth spin rotate axis half earth sunlight half earth darkness parts earth sunlight part darkness part takes place earth rotates spins axis axis earth imaginary believe line extends north pole south pole earth makes complete rotation twenty hours rotation axis night creates zones learn zones later lesson diagrams show place complete rotation earth rotation earth axis night picture shows axis run straight tilted side north end axis tilted sun summertime northern hemisphere
french explorers looking passage american continent main goal reach asia rich treasures trading goods indians told big water west french governor canada decided try find big water asked father marquette louis joliet try find jacques marquette priest canada preach christianity indians learned customs languages father marquette respected loved indians louis joliet born canada hunter trader skilled map maker marquette lived indians knew customs languages explorers indian guides paddled canoes lakes ashore wisconsin traveled canoe streams months searching mississippi river thought passage seeking guides paddled south river hoping turn westward pacific ocean river flowing southward rivers joined sign river lead ocean west finally explorers realized river flow gulf mexico area controlled spain disappointed weary marquette joliet turned canada
freedom religion idea ago settlers america freedom share puritans religion religion colony settlers beliefs punished finally driven colony think pilgrims thought person disagree defend say anne hutchinson ideas religious freedom husband children massachusetts bay find religious freedom days women expected clothes linens candles needs home raised children helped grow food table anne hutchinson things religious leader colony trouble disagreed church leaders forced leave colony anne hutchinson family moved rhode island colony founded roger williams williams anne hutchinson forced leave massachusetts bay religious reasons hutchinson family moved hampshire founded town portsmouth later anne hutchinson husband died moved island york anne hutchinson family daughter killed indians raid
disputes britain colonists grew worse boston tea party colonists known minutemen stored weapons boston british troops seize weapons arrest john hancock samuel adams british troops marched boston hoping surprise colonists word approach spread paul revere william dawes minutemen gathered stop british troops fighting broke lexington concord villages boston battles april mark start american revolution fighting took place month later small band americans led ethan allen captured british forts upstate york americans march canada british colony north continental congress ordered colonial force invade canada hoped canadians help americans american colonists occupied hills boston british decided hills cleared thousand british troops attack thousand colonists holding hills result battle bunker hill june british troops seized hills suffered terrible losses battles boston upstate york showed colonists willing fight efforts continental congress settle differences peacefully failed american revolution begun april hundred british soldiers marched concord massachusetts
constitution written united states today thirteen states today fifty states united states changed ways size automobiles jet airplanes television telephones electricity atomic energy space ships large factories billion dollar industries things happened united states country country governed constitution ask constitution constitution useless fashioned answer constitution changed ways change result additions amendments twenty amendments constitution amendment approved thirds vote houses congress approved fourths states easy change constitution amendment place changing constitution court decisions cases federal courts supreme court cases arise laws passed congress courts deciding cases laws proper constitutional decisions federal courts especially supreme court important
opening lines national anthem star spangled banner song written interesting story happened war war american force captured city york canada burned ground british angry swore revenge august british captured burned city washington moved seize city baltimore destroy fort guarded city fleet british ships dropped anchor fort aboard british flagship american prisoner war dr william dr friend baltimore young lawyer named francis scott key september francis scott key rowed british ships wanted win freedom friend dr british commander agreed free prisoner told key dr remain aboard morning british ships going attack fort night british expected fort surrender morning promised free prisoner francis scott key sleep night british guns pounded fort american gunners fort fired bravely deck warship key flash guns firing americans hold british attack
john quincy adams knew expected adams family famous england father john adams leader american revolution later john adams president united states samuel adams cousin organized boston tea party john quincy adams forgot duty serve united states john quincy adams president united states proud family father john adams watched son oath office father son served presidents united states john quincy adams failed win reelection retired boston american politics end surprise began political john quincy adams elected house representatives friends felt congressman beneath president adams disagreed adams office public service beneath american adams served congress seventeen term president brought fame famous member congress adams congress special rule passed tried stop debate slavery petitions gag rule called put forward pro slavery congressmen wanted end discussion slavery congress
william dubois born barrington massachusetts grew england knowing problems black changed south college devoted helping black dubois brilliant student later studied harvard college earned doctor philosophy degree study african slave trade written read today students history study travel europe young dr dubois returned america taught atlanta university college blacks georgia center stormy discussion wrote article urging black fight rights daring thing say dubois stop organized niagara movement group pledged fight full civil rights black niagara movement active group whites joined blacks set organization called national association advancement colored organized help black gain full rights citizenship dr dubois organization directors charge paper called crisis fifty dr dubois leader fight justice black
public schools hundred fifty ago children rich parents private schools private teachers children poor school worked hours family farm nearby mill spend learning reading rithmetic poor children church schools part room village schools schools broken seats desks chalkboards maps books village schoolteachers learning understanding children teachers rod punish children poorly misbehaved result children educated helped change born massachusetts horace mann known father american education poor young horace loved books managed college decided education age thirty elected massachusetts legislature later helped found massachusetts board education aim improve teaching obtain books board told parents need schools twenty horace mann traveled massachusetts speaking schools parents teachers meetings heard say gave ideas
war ii american paratroopers shouted geronimo jumping action battle cry feared famous apache chief geronimo born southwest arizona quiet baby language apaches means yawns young yawn early childhood trained warrior run miles desert drinking water youth known strength courage apaches warlike sierra madre mountains attacked mexican villages south took food clothing horses mules mexican villages grown led attacks mexicans gave geronimo means jerome spanish language learned fear mention gold discovered california apaches changed american settlers apache country california americans stopped towns settlements sprang apache land settlers set traps catch beaver hunted deer elk apaches angered settlers felt soon losing source food disputes broke apaches american settlers
united states faced housing problem past thirty lack housing grown worse especially true city areas york chicago large cities reasons housing problem growth population united states million united states number rose million today million living united states population growth helped housing situation worse problems arisen rising cost homes inflation cost labor materials difficult buy homes rise cost borrowing money want borrow money buy home pay higher rates interest banks lack housing remains problem united states efforts clear problem successful present remains seen united states successful future united states urban industrial nation transportation important daily includes local transportation distance forms transportation main forms transportation individual transportation means moving single person small groups place
race discrimination result prejudice americans believe racial minorities idea developed hundred ago black slaves united states racial prejudice die slavery ended problem united states prejudice discrimination anger bad feeling race prejudice problems facing united states sense divided country groups race prejudice harm nonwhites black indians asian americans latin americans harms white majority americans prejudice american fear neighbors doubt united states based idea appears pledge allegiance nation god indivisible liberty justice idea live side side race prejudice americans understand race prejudice problem improving race relations easy took americans admit problem trying decide means dealing hundred ago white americans accepted race prejudice part daily lives thought natural thing bad white americans believed indians blacks asian americans
americans believe pollution problem agree steps bring control shut factories mills mines produce goods force hundred million americans stop cars practical ideas united states solve problem pollution try things want enjoy reduce air pollution pass special laws factories special equipment machines smokestacks helps control amount smoke gas going air local national governments trying end pollution caused automobiles manufacturers automobiles making auto engines cut smoke fumes automobile exhaust oil companies producing types gasoline cut chemical waste automobile engines meantime researchers looking types engines gasoline electrical engines someday place gasoline engines cities states action prevent water pollution laws passed dumping chemical wastes lakes rivers addition raw sewage garbage treated chemically dumped sea special chemical treatment helps ocean waters polluted
kids neighborhood looked forward warm spring brought birds flowers pedaling incredible ice cream cart kids didn care birds flowers cared wonderful invention ice cream cart spring took bells cart put set bells house customer push button cart bells ring house passed helps cut noise pollution explained spring waited eagerly bells waited eagerly maureen kevin considered special friend bought ice cream took talk wonder invention asked kevin maybe won invention maureen answered invention course kevin greatest inventor bet invent bells began ring shouted raced door pulled front house customers parked cart
days busy kevin maureen moving lot thinking thinking help fix ice cream cart thinking moving incredible ice cream cart changing shape button rang bells mighty strange looking gadgets explained gadgets kevin maureen pointed small red box secret weapon push button top stopped stood smile scratched ear pulled lip demanded kevin happens push button think secret weapon secret race told maureen kevin tell gadgets shield asked maureen explained wind shield put wind blowing shield help faster idea kevin thing looks anchor kevin anchor told case fast need stop throw anchor red light warn coming
ordinary soon took place boneshaker reason change wanted bicycle faster ordinary ordinary ordinary bicycle front wheels big big bicycle builders knew bigger front wheel faster bike ordinary built foot high front wheel front wheel bigger bicycle heavier bicycle lighter easier pedal rear wheel smaller riding ordinary dangerous small rock road header header rider flew handlebars brought unexpected meeting head road kinds ordinary bicycles large wheel rear small wheel front gave rider choice front header rear header ordinary safe bicycle bicycle builders knew worked build real safety bicycle wheels size rear wheel chain drive added finally brake added true safety bicycle named james added rubber tires wheels safety bicycle tires improvement iron wooden tires rubber tires soon replaced rubber tires filled air tires comfortable ride
seen animal looks teddy bear hop feet high carry package home lived australia animals australia island large united states island lies coast asia australia animals found animals koala kangaroo koala small animal soft gray fur koala looks teddy bear female koala built cub carrier called pouch carries cub pouch months born koala sleeps eats night eats leaves eucalyptus tree large amount liquid leaves reason koala need drink koala helpless wild creatures danger koala climb top tree stay safe koalas killed fur law protects kangaroo animal found australia largest pouched animals kangaroos grown feet tall koala kangaroo carries young pouch young kangaroo called joey birth joey climbs pouch stays months
peter opened eye instantly awake waiting going york city uncle benjamin going spend summer cousin special fact going travel train peter thought seen train washington train certainly caused lot excitement wrong travel fast travel washington york city stagecoach week trip train peter wondered train ride going exciting peter wasn scared bit maybe thing york uncle benjamin told seen peter thought gave goose bumps peter peter mother voice broke peter thoughts didn called morning bed seconds didn wash dress downstairs joined uncle parents breakfast table shouldn eat fast won late times change trains
peter uncle benjamin stopped eat returned station buy tickets board peter noticed strange front locomotive soon peter asked uncle car uncle benjamin explained dark york engineer need able run train front train piece metal floor layer sand stack pine knots fire fire bright engineer tracks exciting wait dark exclaimed peter won dark uncle benjamin peter settled seat tired excitement wasn sound wheels put sleep train stopped wood water peter fell seat uncle benjamin helped feet rode train didn brake train stop run station grab hold engine lean dig heels ground pull engine stop
age janet lynn family took skating outing fell liked skating parents decided let skating lessons age janet class skated class teenagers skating important part janet lynn janet family moved chicago illinois skating rink janet skated hours practice early morning school began practice school janet dream champion mean hours hard janet champion age youngest american female olympic team janet fortune mainly result skating talent sense balance grace hard pleasing smiling manner helped skating teacher played important part making janet champion janet win women figure skating championship row winter olympics won medal place believe won gold medal place fallen routine competition janet tired skating medals gave thought decided member ice follies
john slowly worked mountain peaks wind whistling tall sugar pines company tracks wild animals told leather ties mail sack cut john shoulders weight grow step couldn stop rest ground cover nightfall miles peaks closer finding hollowed tree john carefully started fire dry heart spread pine branches drift nearby body ached ate piece meat chewed hard biscuit warmed fire fell alseep night found john trapped sudden snowstorm shield rushing wind cold air resting question person freeze matter minutes john passed night flat rock dancing tunes making daybreak snow stopped john crossed mountaintop looked valley eyes red sleeping easy part journey lay ahead miles fly past whizzed slopes viking skis genoa saw whizzing mountainside hurried cabins feet asked miner john slid stop john answer cry crowd
oddest sports played mt solon virginia sport called jousting jousting older sports today basketball baseball originally jousting riders armed lance charged horseback rider lance try knock rider horse sport safer today riders thrust lance metal ring jousts mt solon jousting test horsemanship balance marksmanship played today hurt basketball game speed skill game basketball played teams players players pass ball try shot basket ball passes basket points scored kind basketball basketball added donkey speed skill count player riding donkey speedy skillful donkey basketball rules say player pass score mounted donkey donkey want move player rules donkey basketball players mount donkey ball thrown start game players ride donkey lead ball whichever works
talking quietly secretary walked folder marked top secret director desk sir white house director thanked waited left room swiftly picked folder inside found small photographs director looked slowly handed special agent tom job tom study photographs moment tell think agent quickly glanced photographs confused look crossed face government interested pictures giant ape director rose walked large picture window looked potomac river quiet voice ape tom agent watched director fold unfold hands times trying tension entering voice tom creature looking feet tall rough guess weight neighborhood hundred pounds look closely photographs notice face hands feet covered hair director turned window stared special agent tom whispered creature face human tom felt wave fear flash body recalled tribal legends heard grandfather legends giant creatures north
holding torch tom bent grabbed lupe slowly slowly backed edge cliff roar falls hear grumbling growling sounds forever enemies faced eyes watched tom torch flickered wind flame died creature enraged opened mouth teeth shone dying firelight creature started move slowly circled moving campfire tom mind working quickly campfire ashes feel heat torch small flame rapidly ate stick holding creature terrible rage holding soon human defenseless valley floor forces nature started gather strong winds spun canyons gathering strength warning wind brushed past agent putting torch moment tom decided surprise mighty cry tom charged creature lupe joined attack split tom felt picked quickly dropped full weight lupe landed creature lupe battled fiercely unable match lupe swift movements
feel monsters eyed types glare safety television screens kind reported newspapers kind everyday minding business vow seen lonely herder nepal comes panting report abominable snowman huge supposed prowl slopes himalayas pacific northwest logger claims saw indians called points giant twenty inch footprint prove scottish fisherman stares disbelief slithering form longer boxcar rises black waters loch ness believer monsters case meet couple kids met randy creath cheryl ray live quiet southern illinois town murphysboro banks big muddy river fourth murphysboro township high began warm evening summer clock night cheryl home randy sitting porch talking heard moving trees brush fifty feet threw rocks happened started look twenty thirty feet randy cheryl recalled saw big kind white coming weeds
set making net palm leaves carry oranges worked swift fingers moving strong green leaves hear excited barks jungle barking bird fish wild pig caught boy finer animal friend palm net took longer realized finished filled oranges jungle dark gloomy night comes quickly warning islands tropics carried fruit shore loaded canoe whistled dog running bush wagging tail hurry scolded won home dark comes dog leaped bow canoe aboard night rise surface water swallow shore lighted star twinkled dark mountains dug paddle water canoe leaped ahead dark water alive phosphorus bow canoe cut pale liquid fire dip paddle left streamers light canoe approached coral reef boy called ho late tonight teach lesson tomorrow
knew clever sharks taking chances daring breathe paddled body saw tail move slightly shark alive boy knew flip tail overturn canoe send water destroy swiftly calmly stood upright braced firmly threw spear downward swift sound spear plunged white shoulder peering side canoe fish turn surface slowly slowly shark rose surface lagoon floated dead flung head shouted joy hitching strong line shark tail boy began paddle shore dorsal fin burning white fire phosphorus trailed canoe running beaches shouting leaped canoes put lagoon cries reached boy ears water ghost lagoon heard shout killed night tired boy lay mats listening distant thunder sea heard grandfather singing song song sung feast king give honor
summer vacation forgot teacher motorcycle morning school school parking lot room squeezed beautiful touring motorcycle cars wow sure neat bike patted bike tommy beautiful machine told want hear say sure kids want hear going tell europe laughed thought ask seeing places heard studied experience seeing motorcycle trip special disadvantages foresee laundry weather washed clothes hand night clothes dry rain fun getting wet clothes dry times wet chilled nights stayed hotel wouldn sick experienced difficult explain thrills excitement sounding corny advantages camping miles gallon gas camp finding place park experiencing senses friendly wave passing finding talk trade stories
starting shaky ride model indian pony motorcycle louise pioneer women louise owned bikes indians pony scout rode girl motorcycle show united states machine bought indian scout bought special paint job white saddlebags scout plans replace louise part field meets endurance runs cross country road races motorcycle events louise retired indian retired founded women international motorcycle association president editor club newsletter club members countries growing active women international motorcycle association louise finds collect miniature toy motorcycles collection pieces small cycles iron tin lead brass plaster plastic wood glass rubber cardboard cloth silver toys form charms pins items pencil collection military bikes wars police bikes service cycles pleasure bikes group circus clowns monkeys cartoon characters riding motorcycles louise started collection
walking woods fine march young fellow wore feather trimmed cap head feather flipped danced breeze wee person dyed green leprechaun lived irish summers cap straight feather stood pointing blue irish sky walked suddenly heard footsteps breathing human watch lad older quickly stepping tall clump don let likes human set eye ye sure creatures eyes fixed leprechaun faltering glance known fact creature power magic erin withstand fiddle de dee fumbled frog legs sure fear human kind stupid call hide likes young jumped log turned sat cross wait human say word warning nearby branches parted stepped burly broad paused surprise saw moment eyes narrowed stepped leprechaun ah ha true trusty leprechaun believe morrow young fellow
nell lambert stepped front door porch big roomy fashioned house number carson street meet mail handed letters small package put letters table inside door package hand hurried yard carriage house neatly painted story building bottom floor served garage corner narrow door opened flight steep stairs door white sign carson street detective agency floor walk nell bounded stairs crossed big loft battered desk sat ancient swivel chair searched pair scissors desk drawer began open package nell slender dark haired girl wrinkles corners eyes wide mouth ready break grin moment intent contents package removed outer wrapping carefully opened small box held odd looking machine rollers wound strips cloth carefully top desk unfolded instructions fabulous money machine instructions big bold black letters beneath slightly smaller type fool friends fun parties
cradled himalaya mountains northern india sleepy village stirred woman limped east glance passed thatched mud huts poorly clad sitting doorways saffron robed shaved priests cow sacred india stopped blocking pathway took sniffing bottom empty basket stranger waited patiently shifted red blanket shoulder iron kettle carried stick cow decided spend night settled blocking street woman carefully square travelers build fires cook suppers fire cow chips hung kettle water flame water started boiling took big handful mud dumped kettle started stirring stick curious children crowded asked making gold woman answered villagers moved closer chuckling woman paid attention stirring stirring kettle finally finished dumped kettle full boiled mud ground poked stick sure lay lump gold size bean villagers stared real gold asked
warm sticky evening typically humid east texas mid sundown half hour lights kate ross barr memorial park turned games summer youth league progress baseball fields boys age divisions playing girls played softball field evenly matched pony league teams inning field front game tied son coming bat bleacher fans field cheered wildly girls teams big inning going turned looked girls chasing ball center field girls bright orange tee shirts white shorts racing bases mind twenty twenty southern illinois place played ball parents cheered heard short ago sports basketball softball track field organized summer league activity school months played hard team sports room country school called walnut grove church community activity centered school christmas programs halloween parties affairs think bring kids parents big happy family
game number players played patio driveway street piece chalk draw pattern playing field diagram outer edge form square feet feet smaller numbered squares inches inches need bottle cap filled candle wax clay give weight bottle cap faster rub pavement scraped writing silver metal bottle cap bare metal look glide street ice player puts shooter bottle cap line twenty feet shoots box players shooting number single shot line count hit player shooter players land land real trouble stay talk friend knocking convince stay continue plead case players box choices real heroes shoot straight box course chance winding land
bell jangled phil door pushed open warm musty dusty smell belonged phil yellowed photographs smiled faded walls phil called knelt half filled carton stripe sunlight silvered left hair turned glasses mirrors asked phil sat heels meeting till morning ten days fair kicked boxes phil spread hands palms smiled picked pictures lay floor ready packing struggled voice phil phil put hand picture constance voice remembered pier guess thirties girls fur hat muff white snow rode merry round laughing screaming loud children wiped dust glass sleeve sweater picture stars liked layered photograph newspaper put box walked small window barge headed sea screeching squabbling gulls
alaska eskimo house round building feet driftwood tundra sod house traditional tunnel entrance entrance regular walk door tiny eskimo town mixture eskimo ways modern everyday american ways marci jones born raised town small high school marci moved graduated grade leaving home family order attend school larger towns today marci student alaska methodist university anchorage lives worlds everyday college student eskimo village culture townspeople marci jones mixing eskimo mainstream american culture tricky marci homesick city want tundra sky big open marci says village city things moving culture oriented city village think don worry getting timed anchorage marci likes spend free going movies friends dancing live band kind slow
sure kris unchanging darkness boys strapped skis ted asked rescue reindeer father uncles inside father uncles working tired spent working don worry kris reassured times skied ted skier match grace kris boy snow groups small evergreen trees half hour cruised suddenly kris stopped think re moment ted dark shapes snow hollow gentle slopes round ted asked kris answer animals began snort nervously wrong ted asked wondered reindeer charged herders frightened afraid wolves didn bring rifle kris voice sharp dismay drive smaller dark shapes loping snow kris pointed ted noise sound loud fierce maybe scare won deer run anyway save kris bent slight form
today parents knew age today ago yesterday aware change taking place happening things change slowly takes hundreds thousands mountain worn level plains things change faster takes minutes earthquake rearrange landscape storm dry season brings finds cure disease invents machine think caused automobile airplane telephone granted imagine glass invented book tells events brought important read tells peoples beginnings eastern part earth events occurred thousands ago affect things happened egypt ago important happened africa hundred ago today ideas past affect beliefs actions today affect puzzling questions
fill basic needs shown culture food need farmer united states farmer india raise food ways technology scientific knowledge tools machines group level technology amount technology speak living stone age culture industrial age culture terms refer level technology say live stone age culture mean tools weapons ways living stone main material industrial age culture mean modern machinery tools culture economy produce buy sell goods services culture decides economic patterns decisions include business goods shared group members share goods equally case wealthy group produce able goods cultures choices entirely unlike groups find ways meet needs develop set values values consider worthwhile important india prefer eat meat affects land agricultural economy economies meat eating lands knowing culture helps understand values culture creates type government family viewed cultural decision
prehistoric times lived parts europe bones tools found social scientists study things date ways carbon test rocks living living things carbon amount carbon ways measured age carbon dated object carbon dated social scientists divide prehistory stages called stone age roughest kinds tools gradually age began called middle stone age tools carefully stone age stone tools shaped polished earliest dated skeletons lived europe ice age ended groups hunters family clans traveled forests reindeer main game skeletons taller looked modern times developed skill stoneworking making fine tools weapons skilled fashioning tools ornaments bone wood left caves southwestern europe decorated beautiful animal paintings stone age learned add tin copper bronze tools bronze age developed europe agriculture
communism common ownership goods property roots ideas karl marx marx lived germany industrial disturbed power factory owners workers poor working conditions marx friend friedrich engels tried arouse workers revolution published communist manifesto property industry owned common workers ideas communism contrast system capitalism developed europe capitalism individuals property buy part ownership business share profits marx engels urged working revolt government factory owners urged workers unite political parties direct activities revolution communist manifesto ended slogan workers unite government set lenin based understanding marx took control belong working class including profits losses industry lenin died josef stalin leader sure communists controlled forms education communications country strong secret police enforce power millions killed suspected enemies millions prison camps siberia
sweden norway denmark finland located northern europe sweden norway denmark grouped languages similar histories cultures common countries called scandinavian nations peninsula located finland part peninsula common countries finland language history culture set gulf stream important influence climate countries north winters cold expected ocean place ocean extreme north winters cold spring summer pleasantly warm denmark southernmost scandinavian countries mildest climate agriculture important denmark norway sweden danish farmers latest scientific methods machinery farm production high danish products exported highly regarded fine quality agriculture sweden norway limited climate mountainous regions wheat rye barley important exports norway sweden dairy farming export dairy products important parts economies climate mountains norway sweden ideal lands growth forests
north east switzerland country austria switzerland austria lakes mountains mountains tree covered provide austria natural resources lumber lumber products scandinavian countries mountains rivers give austria needed source hydroelectric power power supply homes industries electricity needed modern living austria mainly german background smaller groups slavic living german principal language austria literate austria part empire ruled emperor republic president head federal assembly houses national council lower house federal council upper house austria industrial nation mines produce iron coal minerals large iron steel works chemical plants small medium sized plants typical factories produce manufactured goods machinery electrical equipment cars trucks natural fibers textile industry makes yarn cloth finished clothing austria offers visitors types areas tour historic cultural centers vienna salzburg highly popular danube valley known vineyards castles monasteries alpine provinces noted skiing hunting activities vienna cities
arabian peninsula lived tribes tribes held ideas religion believed gods worshipped objects boy named mohammed born trading town mecca grew mohammed thought deeply religious matters questioned beliefs tribes found young mohammed trader syria middle east lands met mohammed learned cultures studied hebrew christian religions forty mohammed heard voice believed angel gabriel speaking voice told prophet person instructed god speak mohammed believed chosen bring religion began preach religion mecca taught god god allah mohammed teachings hebrew christian ideas allow worship idols lifeless religious symbols mohammed followers mecca enemies fled north city medina began organize religion teachings won followers joined religion called muslims religious leader mohammed head government medina decided laws obey
muslim expansion ended europe began rise power days slavery part cultures prisoners war slaves conquerors portuguese ship captains bought african slaves stops west coast took hundreds black spain colonies america european countries slave trade portugal founded colony angola africa east coast colonized mozambique indian ocean coast holland building sea power ships soon entered slave trade trade african ivory gold hardwoods dutch began trading settlement southern tip africa cape hope trading station city cape town dutch colony grew settlers farm land result wars europe dutch lost colony british british cape town dutch settled land north cape town called boers black africans slave labor british laws passed end slavery boers wanted free british rule boers decided move area mountains indian ocean moved american pioneers westward movement build homes wilderness journey called trek
central africa wide belt land middle continent includes coastal lands southern part continent bulge north borders lands ancient civilizations northern africa upper nile tropical rain forests congo river basin coast gulf guinea edging rain forest savanna grasslands distinct wet dry seasons eastern africa highest lands continent steamy jungles rise mountain peaks snow capped part africa includes continent longest rivers congo niger famed lake victoria equator congo river basin live ways tribes live villages forest clearings nearby fields food grown homes built past reasons village move place soil fertile african soil lacking minerals tribal ways strong signs modern plastic bottles tribal village sound diesel engine heard savanna jungle roads built parts central africa nations cities small modern
civilization growing peninsula indochina area cambodia thailand laos vietnam known khmers mixture mongol peninsula indus valley civilization language system writing khmer kings built empire center fertile river valley today cambodia khmer empire control indochina peninsula indus brought ancient civilization buddhist faith homeland farming methods soon built dams canals growing rice wet paddy method khmers built city angkor constructed temples designed style khmers created decorated special paintings sculpture lifelike indus angkor longer city temple ruins draw site khmer empire wealthy rice production high plenty rice trade khmer lands main trade route china india khmers collected tolls end twelfth century mongols raided lands khmers fourteenth century angkor abandoned city temples lost jungle hundreds
art china based ideas architecture style buildings orderly balanced peaceful gardens parks surround temples palaces public buildings gardens lovely pools give feeling peace order respect ancestors part chinese culture artists design beautiful vessels metal pottery religious ceremonies offerings ancestors lovely objects created ceremonial chinese artists part nature plan live peaceful togetherness forms earth peace happiness destroy beauty chinese art shows beautiful setting trees water plants birds dragon symbol royalty chinese paintings show ideas art shows pictures nature scenes flowers birds mountains lakes favorite subjects chinese sculpture dates prehistory artists worked bronze common stone especially known jade ivory porcelain jade precious material green stone thought gift gods able prevent cure disease jade supposed bring fortune everlasting high regard jade artists care skill working carvings prized
looked label sweater shirt seen words taiwan products seen store home label stating japan asian products seen advertised tv stores catalogs sections products asian countries countries products included displays products asia think home trade united states asian nations important economies sides pacific makers trade products countries buying goods important happening asia unit find india progress areas british rule poor tried live grow small patches land jobs plantations shops paid british machine goods sold hand goods indian craftsperson british helped educate young government jobs managers plantations factories trained military officers young india schools england studied british law government
recorded history tools easier simple tools lever wedge inclined plane later wheel axle axle bar wheel turns gradually ages learned combine simple tools complex machines windmill spinning wheel renaissance discoveries inventions beginning eighteenth century mechanical clock printing press rifle knitting machine common invention tools improvements taking place england development startling change industrial revolution industrial revolution began early textile industry cloth home women family comb wool spin yarn weaving james englishman machine spun threads called spinning jenny later improved design power spin eighty threads soon weaving looms powered waterwheels manufacturing removed home development perfection steam engine major factor industrial revolution speeded transportation provided power modern factory period learned heat coal coke
today means communication newspapers magazines books radio television news ideas shared globe interesting fact ideas create ideas promising advances making earth share ideas easily happened haiti island caribbean island fast growing population lack food protein side earth indonesia centuries raised fish rice fields fields flooded putting small rice plants newly hatched fish turned loose fields tiny water plants growing rice plants provide food fish months acre rice produce pounds kilograms fish scientists seen fish culture southwest pacific islands brought idea haiti gave additional source protein food idea soon spread places india jamaica syria rice fields united states biggest barriers communication spread ideas lack common language thousand languages earth numerous dialects able language easily careers
obvious effects forms careless environment disease death danger diseases spread unclean water lung disorders caused polluted air plant animal danger endangered animals disappearing hunters land affect nature balance problems facing earth wildlife kinds forms threatened activity picture left happens animals feeding grounds animals live wilderness areas built strip mining companies lessen harmful effects changing land farmers help protect animal dangers animal plant sea oil shippers lessen dangers leakage spills shown picture environment think places move start bedroom home neighborhood part environment area travel school part environment classroom environment includes school playground neighborhood shopping places move makes environment ways national local governments help protect environment strong laws passed control amount harmful pollutants things pollution released air motor vehicles
assumptions true females blacks top tiers working mathematicians scientists genetically inferior social institutional barriers overcome slowly disappearing writers don math mathematicians don write evidence whatsoever writing ability mathematics ability mutually exclusive contrary college admissions counselors student shows high capability mathematics verbal sections sat likely succeed math student severely skewed score strong quantitative skills finally elementary mathematics repetitive skill practiced creative part later source trauma young style mathematics classroom students complain opportunity debate discussion say english social studies math participate class pressure find answer mathematics depend answers experienced series discoveries math presented fixed set rules digested dispute discourage students learning panic timed tests college student told math anxiety counselor
single book transform anxiety indifference enthusiasm goal modest reverse math anxiety decided ago expertise mathematics math mental health define willingness learn math need need conventional math book mathematics practitioners tell read math mental health need preview gain sense mastery lies ahead mathematics cumulative curriculum elementary school junior senior high school moves systematically concept logical order building lost confidence mathematics longer enjoy need tour looks points rekindle enthusiasm developed detail chapter pi presented seventh grade kind utensil able solve kinds problems expected understand pi book able explore wonders pi learn significance history mathematical thinking applications won asked solve circumference area problems
marking math texts tradition famous marginal notes history mathematics penned pierre fermat seventeenth century french mathematician coming unproved statement mathematics book fermat wrote margin text discovered truly remarkable proof margin small fermat died put proof paper mathematicians set trying prove statement problem called fermat theorem solved search proof deal important theory numbers accomplished mathematicians tried figure fermat mind wrote note matter read text important write notes margins textbook property notebook pages examples thoughtful comments questions mathematics student wrote read textbook notice involved making sense material sought examples continually tested understanding reviewing subject object reading kit kit builder notice care reader argument paid attention definitions tried put numbers examples questions comments able grasp text finished material
calculate estimation number riders lane highway able carry reasonable assumptions rush hours cars traveling feet non rush hours cars traveling feet average speed car miles hour average passenger load rush hour car meaning car non rush hour average car lanes traffic direction means multiply car capacity times put miles driving lanes mile highway traveled number ways model problem imagine standing point highway counting cars whiz multiply number hours multiply product passengers depending imagine kind snapshot entire miles highway try figure cars lanes instantaneous picture let try snapshot model assumptions estimate calculations problem follows
pi dropped familiar mathematics mystical garb wasn greek letter confounded wasn told pi worked simply instructed pi approximate fraction longer decimal circumference area circle compute students didn understand pi constant ratio circumference diameter circle trouble believing single number apply circles size moment big small significantly number equally circles vastly sizes number strange fortunately patient generous father wanted understand mathematics profoundly series formulas memorize cleared large table sat began explore problem pi looked figures comfortable square father connection diameter line drawn square perimeter measurement drew square circle diameters figure written square helped place derive formula perimeter square
kind discovery father pursuing increased number sides measured involved key aspects modern scientific research change constancy conducting kind experiment altering number sides observing resulting change lengths ratios general terms altering independent variable number sides measuring effect dependent variable resulting ratio college mathematics ratios converging called limit approach limit means closer closer approximations difference measured ratio limit small wish expression function mathematics dependency relationship correspondingly readily substituting numbers true fraction increases grows smaller limit function small growing smaller approaching reaching mathematicians describe relationship follows tends infinity approaches mathematical form statement written pattern holds opposite direction grows smaller approaches infinity
played sequence generating game game player picks sequence numbers challenges player guess number follow sequence player figure rule sequence generated simply looked numbers immediately recognize part arithmetic sequence figured rule starting square successive integer add number sequence mathematics sequence succession numbers follows rule simplest counting number system follows rule successive term sequence preceding term sequence follows rule succeeding term term precedes counting numbers examples arithmetic sequence rule involves adding subtracting constant number previous term series geometric sequence involves multiplying dividing constant factor rules arithmetic geometric sequences obvious terms kinds sequences obvious rule finding interesting mathematical task complicated principle sequences successive term sequence generated rule term
careful timing galileo suggested numerical pattern fall law odd numbers body fell unit interval fell units total distance fallen calculated adding distances galileo sequence achieved adding recognized sums squares distance body falls influence gravity galileo discovered proportional square elapsed fall express today bodies fall earth rate feet squared written ft advantages getting comfortable large small numbers begin employ powers estimation limits real applications exact answers remain important struggling arithmetic facts able envelope calculations estimates approximations called check avoid tedious calculations absolutely needed working calculator especially important estimates plugging numbers fingers slip forget term push wrong sign estimated answer realize error occurred calculation
chapter going explore powerful strategies handling inequalities strategies form basis branch applied mathematics called linear programming single widely tool today solving planning problems business industry makes mathematics inequalities techniques linear programming relevant provide making optimal decisions rational decisions real constraints mathematics constraint limits size number function real constraint limits important quantity expressed statement inequality amount money bank account real constraint spending going debt spend amount equal bank balance constraints areas lower end maintain student loan credit hours semester fewer mathematics looking chapter real constraint expressed inequality objective maximize want profit minimize don want cost short optimize combination resources inequalities important emphasized high school
researchers dr began project literature search look previous studies sex roles attitudes family repeating social researcher find research tool method lead conclusions knew couldn survey southwest select target population study knew don answer questionnaires honestly completely studied researchers instruments questionnaires called find works search previous showed changing roles white women america documented information mexican american family dr locate willing subjects mexican american young compare subjects anglo community significant contribution field search revealed interesting trends american population middle class white families changing sex roles accompanied changing roles women women entered labor force expectations families futures changed correspondingly knew studies mexican american women likely jobs anglo women question young mexican american women grown mothers home traditional nontraditional attitudes dr going try define precisely measure attitudes anglo women
sampling methods vary research subject feasible desirable poll interview population study nielsen ratings measure popularity tv programs based viewing choices households nielsen researchers monitor tv sets predict means generalization called extrapolation statistical jargon millions households watching makes nielsen results believable accept fact households representative million sampling procedures achieve population groups coverage kinds watch tv sampling meant reflect views americans newspaper story based national poll determine americans views apartheid south africa polled article headline reads americans americans americans unsure solution south africa thinking random selection possibly representative pollsters randomly select telephone listings country create kind political map nation citizens randomly select categories blacks whites hispanics veterans women urban rural big city small city working class middle class upper middle class farmers democrats republicans independents college educated college educated
proceeded calculations groups anglo females mexican american males mexican american females computations results shown table results question support dr thinking responses disagree strongly disagree interpreted mean respondents traditional views sex differences males ethnic groups traditional mexican american males traditional percent percent percent disagree strongly disagree statement compared percent anglo males percent anglo females percent mexican american females kind computation sex role related questions dr draw major conclusions sets answers showed pattern need convinced responses reflected beliefs values generalized southern want differences distributions responses due chance real differences attitudes boys girls anglos mexican americans finding likelihood answers happened chance brings important mathematical techniques social science research techniques social science couldn science dr going prove results survey occurred chance
development economic theory rests mathematics elasticity consumer demands elastic responsive consumer income luxury purchases tend eliminated person income goes purchases urgent food rent demand products automobiles luxury item fluctuate demand food reason hard reduce cost automobile parts previously price fixed prices vegetables vary enormously depending season shipped refrigerated costs external production externalities quantifiable factors related supply demand price economists deal questions pay cost dirty clothes coal mining area coal dust affects laundry townspeople absorb costs coal mining company contribution contribution externalities include crucial aspects costs disposing toxic wastes generated manufacturing plants costs restoring strip mined areas prevent erosion costs developing safety devices protect live rail lines nuclear wastes transported surprisingly economists regularly employed industries federal agencies regulate think quantify external costs allocated fairly government business consumer tax payer
peggy student management information systems undergraduate spanish computer science strong minor mathematics master degree business studying ph management information systems peggy task help retailer decide ordering strategies regard expensive item stocks wants hand meet expected orders burden storage capacity business tie capital interviewing retailer peggy learns likes buy item infrequently bulk high cost involved ordering product addition shipping costs gross ordering expense cover paper billing retailer cautious ordering demand item volatile sell gross month gross addition ordering costs peggy consider storage costs month gross retailer want order frequently want order incur high inventory expense hand stock runs low special order customers costs additional gross handling charges costs retailer find ordering strategy firm
getting comfortable mathematics find paying closer attention numbers quantities recalling greater ease thinking harder creatively start noticing quantities exist mathematical relationships mathematical insight resides relationships realize relationships clearer displayed visually graphs start sketching graphs graphing equations exercise mathematics class precise powerful conveying complex information information awkwardly rendered words students mathematics written spoken language slowly think language getting thinking notation graphic images speaking language loud fluent reason say mathematical expressions delta chi square raised power times raised minus power divided words temporary supports mathematical understanding notation graphic relationships soundly place recently released report attempted explain poor performance american students international mathematics tests report included test scores results interviews asian american parents teachers teenagers interviews comes important qualitative insight
mike varsity high school soccer player hoped college team practiced mid august fall plan college trips junior spring vacation soccer season luckily called appointments coaches found colleges session spring holiday chance talk players interviews hand liz brass player school band waited senior researching colleges junior band boston briefly ambled bay wandered campus liked saw knew devote energy college visits reviewed band schedule determined dates visits wouldn involved rehearsals students sound planning devising schedule needs campus visits essential factor college session juniors seniors purposeful college shoppers explore colleges things buzzing classes meeting students studying ordinary activities taking place means making visits school week junior senior intense academic periods important balance high school requirements college trips schedule visits school days missed
jeff varsity tennis player fledgling photographer high school newspaper average student solid college preparatory program honors courses history junior test scores national average thought excellent chances getting university honors program wanted options winter junior jeff thought kind college wanted priorities clear realized friendships important wanted meet lively parts country wanted challenging education classes classmates want bottom group wanted play tennis sports photography join fraternity high school students wasn sure wanted major liked history courses lot thought colleges strong history department starters didn small college large university suit jeff read college guidebooks catalogs general information spring junior sat map college list students evaluate academic record analyze needs desires research colleges selecting worthy visit soul searching researching essential elements determine college preferences objective subjective specialized guidebooks directories aid investigation
itinerary looked fine including jody jeff younger sister sophomore active high school drama club jody read places stopping found number sights things mental note look theaters campus visited bit began college search trip ups downs family judged success gave jeff confidence plan autumn england journey friends jeff parents knew experience handle lent car jeff decided visit pennsylvania colleges later fall knowing trip family friends interview top rated colleges semesters senior school visit university safety home elected wait acceptance visiting lone york college jeff counselor reminded check teachers school absences transcript interviews case requested jeff experience guide draw list specific points follow sure arrange plans efficiently visit college area don want louise act
kinds animals live farm early morning animals busy farm morning fall sun hill sleeping farm morning looks puppies sleep morning fall puppies sleep late farm sleeping brother stays close mother makes feel happy warm cat sleeping morning fall cat sees cows going waits sun morning fun likes cows sleeping morning fall morning cows calf run kinds fun warm mother side sheep sleeping morning fall run sheep hill find sheep kind give hug stays pigs sleeping morning fall morning sun pig pigs play sleep warm sun help big farm morning fall sun hill seen sleeping farm morning looks farm morning tell
farmer hat brown hat liked brown hat wind took farmer hat farmer ran look looked looked looked farmer hat farmer saw squirrel squirrel brown hat farmer squirrel saw round brown bird saw bird wings farmer saw mouse mouse brown hat farmer mouse saw big brown hole looked mouse hole ran hole farmer saw goat goat brown hat farmer goat saw round brown pot wanted eat bird pot farmer saw bird bird brown hat farmer saw round brown nest hat farmer looked nest tree round brown nest bird bird farmer hat farmer nest bird farmer round brown nest looks brown hat round brown nest farmer brown hat likes brown hat bird brown nest bird likes brown nest
summer emily saying goodbye school mother bear baked cake bear lemonade mother bear let eat cake rain tomorrow let rain bear emily tomorrow play ate cake drank lemonade talked talked talked emily home emily opened pocketbook took fine pen want bear took pen thank emily ran room toy boat sail bathtub thank emily bye bear summer bear stood door big tears ran face mother bear saw took lap goodness bear going school learn write write emily soon write emily dear emily snowing love snow wish send owl duck hen cat send love ducklings wait summer friend bear think emily gift gift bear tell
draw picture story picture drew friend bear happening picture read poem toad david mccord draw picture poem toad nice abode front step rains cool secret pool water goes drip drop put picture read story questions ask draw picture try answer questions writing connection found page frog toad learn friends toad frog house note door note dear toad home want toad frog friend want toad woods frog meadow frog toad river frog sitting island poor frog toad sad cheer toad ran home sandwiches tea put basket picture draw toad toad ran river frog called friend toad frog hear toad jumped frog
turtle swam toad turtle turtle toad island frog wants picture draw toad frog wants turtle don leave maybe toad maybe frog want maybe want friend anymore yes maybe turtle swam island frog called toad sorry silly things sorry silly things say friend toad slipped turtle fell river picture draw toad frog pulled toad island toad looked basket sandwiches wet tea lunch wet toad frog happy toad frog happy happy morning woke felt sun felt frog felt friend picture draw frog toad frog toad stayed island ate wet sandwiches tea friends sitting draw picture story write tell picture book called days frog toad look frog toad books library think toad friend frog tell
big mom going visit cousin terry terry lives farm live city mom terry visits city teach lot things terry teach farm today going show ride horse soon mom terry farm lots working sheep hens cows terry horse close horse wait ride look lee says mom horse barn looks golden sun terry barn start run terry horse stop horse looks big close feel small ant terry smiles tell small feel say don feel small city yes terry says smiles terry tries help talk goldfish says say hello goldfish lee goldfish shakes head means hello terry says rub nose reach rub goldfish nose feels soft fur tell going horse want ride terry asks sure say goldfish horse hold says terry going walk leads goldfish grass
frog toad reading book book brave toad fight dragons giants afraid wonder brave frog frog toad looked look brave frog yes asked toad frog toad try climb mountain frog tell brave frog leaping rocks toad puffing cave big snake cave hello lunch snake saw frog toad opened wide mouth frog toad jumped toad shaking afraid screamed climbed higher heard loud large stones rolling mountain look cried toad frog toad jumped frog shaking afraid screamed top mountain hawk flew frog toad jumped rock hawk flew afraid hawk screamed frog toad ran mountain fast ran past place saw falling stones ran past place saw snake ran toad house frog glad brave friend toad jumped bed pulled sheets head shaking happy brave friend toad frog jumped closet shut closet door
mother duck hatch ducklings job sat eggs days days began crack yellow duckling eggs began hatch soon ducklings big ducklings room move eggs think mother goes past nest garden let egg nest longer mother duck sat egg waited heard loud crack big gray duckling shell large ugly ugly duckling looked mother duck peep peep peep don look ducklings mother big gray ugly duckling sad peep mother ducks swim let mother duck took ducklings pond duckling proud mother ugly duckling look swim let show friends took ducklings meet ducks ducks kind ugly duckling strange duckling send ugly
winter grew cold duckling moving wind snow ice freeze sad tell hard times ugly duckling winter let say sun began warm spring warm spring duckling flew air wings felt strong high fast felt proud soon flying lovely garden pond pond beautiful white birds seen ugly duckling saw strange feeling thought talk ugly beautiful flew pond ugly duckling swam beautiful white birds saw swam close poor duckling put head shame thought looked ugly looked water beautiful white bird ugly duckling believe true children playing garden called joy look look swan beautiful swan swans swan stroked beaks thought beautiful proud full joy friends
spring moved planted grass seed grass grew nice sit flower garden weeded watered cut flowers put house flowers things cheery house smell nice house house friend understand things don scratching noise wind blows scary say noise branch dogwood tree brushing window whistling noise say wind blowing chimney house grows grows older grows bigger family bigger need rooms house rooms added house fixed care inside lot look house think things happened birthday party dad fell hurt leg mom dropped spaghetti think times dad sat window read think cold mornings stick feet covers mom put socks stay warm bit longer house special things happen things remember
wise stroked chin thought farmer waited speak hens asked wise yes hens farmer answer simple wise tonight bring hens house stay wife children horse cows farmer believe ears told knew wise wise morning returned wise wise suppose farmer house louder hens cluck fight morning noon night cows moo horse kicks wife upset children crying stand longer peace quiet animals house wise farmer told returned wise wise suppose farmer turned house home animals nice quiet family happy hear think taught happy house thank wise smiled helped farmer
sidewalk boys playing red wagon turn yelled boys pulled wagon turn shouted boy tugged wagon luke smiled biggest smile lifted cowboy hat howdy boys stopped tugging wagon stared luke surprised answer smile watched boy big cowboy hat walk street boys began smile smiling boy howdy boys saying howdy giving rides red wagon luke ice cream store girl blue dress trying kind ice cream wanted ice cream girl mind waited tired waiting howdy called luke lifting hat smiling looked surprised luke turned walked door ice cream store looked faces began smile howdy hat howdy tall lady holding large shopping bag soon smiling talking vanilla girl blue dress decided wanted vanilla ice cream began whistle happy tune shop cheerful passing ice cream store special greeted smile howdy cheerful
mitchell ran house shouted ran door margo house moving asked margo weeks mitchell asked margo walk weeks mitchell lived place someplace margo lived door fifty sixty mitchell fifty sixty difference margo want stay door forever mitchell want wake bedroom eat breakfast kitchen room house room maybe tired friend margo asked mitchell margo maybe look think face tail scales walk talk margo mitchell face tail scales walk talk margo mitchell walked door pack margo sat front door sit sixty shouted mitchell climbed window margo called glue roof tie front door thick green rope sticky tape paper clip house
afternoon walking street mother visiting friend brother huey visiting friend huey friend think young play kids age walking street feeling lonely block house saw moving van front brown house carrying chairs tables bookcases boxes full don watched suddenly heard turned girl yellow looked age hair braided pigtails red ribbons ends julian gloria newport newport wasn sure didn tell gloria town ocean gloria turn cartwheel turned sideways cartwheels grass tried cartwheel tried copy gloria hands grass feet air fell looked gloria laughing laughing going home forget looked takes practice liked bird nest yard gloria trees yard birds lived
father walked hill sons told sons gather sticks carry returned wise father gathered sticks bundle father stick bundle gathered try break stick son broke stick oldest easy father yes son stick breaks easily father wise father tied string bundle want try break bundle sticks gathered john strongest tried break bundle brothers break bundle mean father sons asked sons bundle sticks father single sticks broke easily words father left sons week passed father decided pasture building fence happy saw sons working fence finished sons fine job father peter father cut tree fence posts tried lift wanted lift strong carry worked
umbrella stood weeks cabin door standing hallway house umbrella heard creaking ropes whistle wind moved motion ship seen door deal heard imagined commerce anchored bells distance chinese voices talking captain dewitt cabin seen rained sheets rain falling cabin roof green umbrella ivory handle hiding saw china merchant charge loading commerce looked umbrella interest fine umbrella merchant captain dewitt captain merchant giving presents merchant family show umbrella smaller parasols glazed paper laughed stared big green umbrella large house peach blossom merchant youngest daughter interested curious exclaimed merchant smiled umbrella peach blossom garden courtyard dry rained took visit house relatives lived children crowded umbrella laughed seen afternoon merchant saw peach blossom thoughtful usual thinking peach blossom
donkey carried sacks flour miller weak tired miller decided didn need donkey donkey heard miller talking wife thought fine voice bremen seek fortune musician set bremen soon journey began donkey met hunting dog panting run panting hard donkey asked served master getting feel weaker hunt pack master need ran going bremen donkey don music streets sure pay dog howled hunting call donkey brayed bremen met cat sitting roadside looking ground sad donkey asked hard cheerful want sit fire chasing mice master wants rid ran don turn bremen donkey sing cats heard sing streets
musicians jumped window breaking glass robbers sprang monster cried robbers scrambled house ran woods fearless musicians rushed table ate eaten weeks bellies full looked places sleep donkey lay pile straw house dog found rug door cat curled chair fire rooster flew roof soon tired animals fast asleep animals slept robbers crept edge woods peered house quiet robber chief looked robbers frightened house looked youngest robber ahead pushed youngest robber tiptoed house opened door room dark decided light candle glowing coals fireplace coals cat eyes spitting scratching flew face robber dropped candle headed door tripped rug dog jumped bit leg robber ran pile straw donkey gave sound kick rooster woke cried cockadoodledoo cockadoodledoo robber ran chief fast horrible witch house shouted scratched fingers knife stabbed
bird seen maybe snow told maybe flew mainland glad wasn hopping duck tracks jacob hill miller filled flour sack gave money mother tucked mitten lad jacob giving penny don let burn hole thy pocket home tried slide patch ice skidded fell head heels hat flying snow ears boots breeches wet sack flour knee hurt penny forever hill shivering picked limped home seagulls perched housetop orange street couldn find special sea gull birds faced raw east wind paid attention mother cross wet flour gave hot bath dry clothes supper drink hot tasted awful thy knee hurting thee asked wished felt lost penny bed prayers soon mother bed tiptoed window sea gull bed wondered happened
god minds hearts pilgrims north america worship god soon able pilgrims built meetinghouse sunday pray plymouth attended services meetinghouse rules set ministers religious leaders pilgrims strong beliefs gave strength build important part pilgrim education pilgrims wanted children learn read able read bible built english schools north america religion education important parts pilgrim family important fathers taught sons hunt farm fish build tools toys things mothers taught daughters cook sew farm care younger children family plenty family sure things needed family loved cared mothers fathers liked watch children play games liked read tell stories bible hard pilgrims love shared strong religious beliefs hard times learn pilgrims enjoy plymouth thanksgiving leonard pilgrims admire
learn information map tell looking map key map keys symbols colors stand real places map california key bottom left corner map key symbols symbol shows capital symbol shows communities map key find capital california community closest capital map key communities look scale scale map find place scale part map key scale california map ruler map scale find distance places look line scale map california line equals miles real distance measure line ruler find length line inches inches map equal miles place ruler map cities fresno sacramento ruler distance cities inches real distance cities miles look scale notice distances miles kilometers map scales show distance miles kilometers compass rose special drawing shows directions map look compass rose map california find top corner
eagle landing tell peaceable happy smiled grinned lot eyes twinkled brightly sang whistled worked mrs peaceable proud mondays sundays artist sign painter liked liked painting sun moon stars looking peaceable night find painting shop suddenly knocking george lion stormed sign painter doorway peaceable signboard raged lion stagecoach bringing mail due moment ships unloading harbor sign able find inn letter took sign heaven betsy sunk george lion sank chair caught glimpse painting peaceable finishing peaceable paint sun moon stars handsome picture lion wild lion angry lion fearsome smiling lion heaven betsy lion resemble george lion began look peaceable buy lion
boys seaman cut ginger hair pete joe wrapped tim ginger blankets put bed soon fast asleep tim woke feeling looked ginger surprise ginger hair grown crikey ginger look mirror tim imagine pleased surprised ginger nice short hair ginger hair grew ordinary slow days sun sea calm weather warm fine tim ginger usual jobs crew busy hanging clothes dry captain ordered hands forward deck speech storm ship boys disobeyed orders nearly drowned heard full story realise ship boy tim deck rescue friend ginger brave action going ask royal humane society give gold medal cheers crew alaska pete joe captain brave face raging sea rescue boys cat give loud cheers hope future give making nasty smelling mixtures cooking loud cheers imagine tim popular ginger began hard popular
careful food cooked tried waste single grain rice fact hated throw leftovers stored carefully galley small crowded fishing boat room keeping useless things bit extra space needed store catch fish took island money discovered saving leftovers spoke harshly don galley space storing garbage shouted throw sea terrible waste food thought told gathered leftovers stored took deck throw sea sure fish feast fish wouldn able living threw leftovers water called fish fish fine dinner called fish threw leftovers sea call enjoy rice galley continued talking eaten leftover tossed overboard fishermen laughed heard maybe someday fish answer tell enjoyed dinner didn pay attention fishermen silently gathered scraps table continued toss fish end
big orange orange stripes pictures elephants lions steam shovels popped cork flipped wig blown stack dropped stopper muttering bought carpenter tools night built tower top roof painted clock tower gushed mush lost marbles decided pretend notice night truck full green things planted palm trees thorn bushes onions morning bought hammock alligator houses saw swinging hammock palm trees saw alligator lying grass drinking lemonade neat street house shouted house house looks dreams asked lived door talk tell liked changed house tell house neat street evening sat palm trees drinking lemonade talking night early morning lumber rope nails paint
orchestra playing serenade musical selection bernstein written bernstein members orchestra pages music front mi played part memory mi played sound beautiful music filled night air suddenly strings mi violin broke quickly mi turned violinist seated handed violin took continued playing minute string broke mi turned violinist hoped put string violin extra strings offstage jacket pocket violinist gave mi violin mi continued playing making mistake music ended audience bernstein members orchestra cheered mi thousand watched young musician change violins middle difficult musical piece forget place music amazed mi changed violins played violins touched violins larger mi small violin smaller played musicians violinists orchestra amazed switched violin sizes hit wrong note concert newspapers united states told story mi picture front page york times reporters eager talk
jeffrey found book hundred nineteen pages david david took copy book hundred forty pages books david bernstein found hundred fourteen pages wanted book pages total pages books classmates reading wanted student class entire school afternoon asked mother fattest book guess manhattan telephone book david bernstein rushed phone book lifted opened page saw pages delighted knew student history read fat book think extra credit david took book began read turning pages skipped bernstein found listing father robert bernstein fifteen counted number david bernsteins telephone book seventeen moment david bernstein decided things change find book read david school library asked librarian help pick fat book exciting told thing librarian
quimby standing playground looking ramona forgetting pretending ramona ran mrs rogers say demanded crown quimby remarked daddy say ramona impatience quimby grinned impatient asked ramona father walked home reader careless spelling draw unusually grader printing class quimby raised eyebrow looked ramona inclined show forget manners remember manners ramona wondering teacher meant showing raise hand knew answer course agreed quimby tell going crown hands ramona tried lift crown succeeded pulling hair tiny hooks clung fast ramona tugged ow hurt looked helplessly father quimby appeared amused think rose festival queen ramona pretended ignore father question silly act television plain grader hoped father guess guessing ramona father home quimby unlocked front door getting mother home
ramona lifted dripping head sink father tried dry hair bur hooks clung towel jerked towel loose draped ramona shoulders live learn quimby beezus scrub potatoes throw oven mother home find haven started supper mrs quimby arrived took look husband trying untangle ramona wet hair burs groaned sank limply kitchen chair began laugh ramona tired cross hungry don funny sullenly mrs quimby managed stop laughing earth asked ramona considered question grown ups asked asking question mother expect answer safe reply tell family happened wearing crown burs threw dungeon beezus bring scissors mrs quimby ramona clapped hands burs shrieked stamped foot won let cut hair beezus handed mother scissors gave sister advice stop yelling bed burs hair messed ramona face wisdom beezus words stopped yelling consider problem want daddy honored quimby deeply honored quimby led ramona living room turned television set
liked stories formed group called friends linda invited tell stories library germantown neighborhood philadelphia hundred hear thing telling stories traveled airplanes trains riverboats places invited tell stories traveling storyteller find stories places ways books friends storytellers countries stories tell folk tales stories passed generation folk tales told aloud written folk tales enjoy telling tales tale tries explain tell elephant trunk bears short tails stories husband writes stories favorite stories ghana country west africa ananse spider supposed telling ananse stories ten say ananse storyteller thousands stories read book try storytelling programs exciting special begin ringing large bells chant story storytelling lets audience listen
re kids children mean shouldn call white house looked stupid dawn house asked mom phone call president ask inch tall robots colonize backyard think mind turned visitor standing straight blinking blue waiting bigger explained maybe bigger tiny talk converter converted thought poor guy rattle pieces trying white house washington farther fuel means stranded families need rest body talk president tell decision deny residence submit decision melt want live hostile thought minute excuse re going inside call president looked staring slowly walked porch opened screen door closed slamming hinges mom call president ask robots settle yard mom looked help book gave imagination looks
find arthur started cry stores turkeys chickens ducks finally bought chicken raises apartment arthur mother headed door momma big chicken arthur shouted opened door chicken standing shifting foot foot blinking cluck arthur mother closed door stood staring didn say finally hundred pound chicken hall talking door hundred sixty pounds arthur sobbing hundred sixty pounds live chicken mother wearing dog collar supposed return arthur arthur mother opened door peeked closed door looked arthur opened door looked chicken friendly dumb thought call henrietta arthur supposed bring home ordinary chicken eat arthur mother hundred sixty pound chicken pet find arthur arthur brother sister watching kitchen door let shouted help arthur feed walk care walks leash nicely arthur train cluck burglars chicken put kitchen discuss father comes home arthur mother
side writer entertains readers likes enjoy fact lively boys girls bright tend choose favorite writers rewarding type letter reader says don read read books looking heart born memphis tennessee grew chicago illinois los california part east coast brothers sisters friends turned reading kid door older brother told musketeers says read continued read adventure stories especially liked stories written mark twain liked mark twain mark twain mark twain die college learned sculpture ate slept breathed sculpture states sculptor makes writer strong daring carve wood stone moment comes actually piece material start knocking hunks didn decide write children books floated party children book editor looking examples modern african art returned tanzania africa showed artwork suggested try illustrating story
children started home going faster sun lowering dark soon didn speak silence heard fox spite injury stepped lightly bird suddenly snow dog stopped turned swiftly hair raised meet wolverine head clash fierce battle wolverine gripped fox tail fox bit foot began fierce tug war animals swayed fighting dinner fighting growled deeply tip fox tail loose wolverine fell fox scampered yards teeth bared eyes bright hurt fear gripped piece tail firmly jaws pried loose studied fox seconds turned snow dog wasn easy prey beaten fox paw throbbed fox teeth dug wolverine wanted treatment gave growl humped tundra holding bit white hair skin mouth fox stood statue eyes enemy felt safe lay lick wound
hurried quick dark stars gave light black pitch woods thick open places dimly snowy road ahead dark woods standing glad open place stars gave faint light watching bears listening sounds carelessly bushes open place middle road saw big black bear standing hind legs looking eyes shine pig snout claws starlight scalp hair stood straight stopped tracks stood bear move stood looking knew try follow dark woods want fight winter starved bear dark wished gun pass bear home thought scare road let took deep breath suddenly shouted ran waving arms didn move run tell
american chameleons sold pet stores circuses true chameleons lizards bodies flattened chameleons eyes don stick tails prehensile special microscopic suction cups toes suction cups enable climb smooth surfaces glass slipping lively lizards jumping branch branch descending ground hunt insects tongues shorter slender true chameleons change colors mainly greens browns found southeastern united states south mexico south america hundred species cuban largest reaching length inches peter pan friend wendy looked side ship saw fourteen foot crocodile looking expectant grin known crocodile alligator mouth jaws narrow shaped large triangle adult crocodile mouth closed large fourth tooth side lower jaw sticks teeth fit notches upper jaw giving crocodile grinning expression female american crocodile buries eggs low mound sand generally leaves hidden nest unguarded hatches young crocodile measures inches narrow black series black spots marking grayish color adult varies color gray olive gray american crocodile found salty marshes southern parts florida
trying honest happened convinced includes felt home thirty morning happened wouldn happened felt evening early movie wasn bad dinner dancing afterward girl roberta haig pretty nice bright pleasant goodlooking walking home subway brooklyn streets quiet deserted occurred didn care wondered lately wrong meet girl desperately wanted married stepped apartment knew wasn going feel sleep restless half irritated reason took coat yanked tie wondering wanted coffee half forgotten saw desk bought afternoon walked sat examining lifted top stared empty space underneath lowering top reached pigeonholes hand shirt cuff streaked dust holes foot deep pulled open brass drawers shred paper corners pulled drawer studied construction turning hands solidly beautifully thing
pushed worn brass plate open dropped letter silent blackness slot disappeared forever sound turned left walk home feeling fulfillment possibly response silent cry help found secrecy desk morning felt standing bathroom mirror shaving remembering night grinned feeling foolish secretly pleased glad written solemnly mailed letter realized put return address envelope didn want forlornly person phrase stamped envelope girl night existed didn want letter rubber stamped scribbled unopened prove longer busy week wholesale grocery company big account chain supermarkets meant extra lunch desk office worked evenings dates evenings free friday afternoon main public library manhattan avenue forty copying statistics half dozen trade publications memorandum assigned write weekend account late afternoon sitting big reading room table closed book stowed glasses picked hat table left
home warmly awaited welcoming enveloping home meant quick walking careful duty loving mother played piano fudge cocoa prune whip apricot pie drew tidy cows trees expert houses chimneys chimney smoke helped children arithmetic homework sang high soprano voice home meant father kind eyes songs tense recitations brother favorite wonderful poem pie making lady weary worn beg lady pie baked informed large likes bake large large finally traveler completely patience exclaimed henceforth draw sustenance bark trees woodpecker flew tired hearing father brother raymond figure power rich artistic abilities fix broke stopped build lasting fires ancient furnace paint house inside whitewash basement spread american flag wide loud magic front house fourth july decoration chuckle chuckle exactly father gentle warmly happy hard secure assistant power registered children father family doctor
niccolo turned bard quick motion hand junk passionately computer thrown paul stuff tape computer business show random combinations difference anyway need model able afford dirty miserable thing kicked hitting squarely bard moved backward squeal watch mine paul don forget squiggle club niccolo nodded tell paul let place father books times listen maybe ideas leave note folks maybe stay supper okay niccolo boys ran niccolo eagerness ran squarely bard rubbed spot hip contact ran activation signal bard glowed niccolo collision closed circuit room hear began story usual voice lower tone hint adult listening thought voice carried hint passion trace feeling bard computer named bard lived cruel cruel step continually fun computer sneered telling useless object
don re hope promise home takes impatient face don worry won going stay forever weather warmed packing began trunks filled decisions choose books dishes mementoes furniture leave leave mrs hamilton moaned part civilization wish leave muttered expected scolded surprised mother stopped put arms held tight wagons finished canvas hoods stretched high bent hickory bows tall protective covering sturdy looking wagons heavy wheels rimmed iron hated sight feel awful confided nancy look pretend re going anymore unfortunately aunt clara heard re stubborn girl trait stand stead trip learn times give accept situation change glared didn answer aunt clara marched side yard look wagons acquainted re going seeing lot
uncle teacher fifteenth winter strict solemn admired knowledge gave attention lessons mysterious medicine uncle say look closely let miss attention evening returned lodge uncle questioned observations side trees lighter bark side branches grow regularly mysterious medicine ask describe birds seen young speak color shape bill song uncle give proper repeated committed memory mysterious medicine ask fish lake anxious uncle blurted thing head jump water flies mysterious medicine smiled patiently think pebbles grouped shallow water pretty curved marks sandy bottom sandbanks birds eat fish ah murmured young apologetically understand signs tell fish live lake nodded slowly follow wolf child chased run pause moment look dashes
funny thing didn think think moved stood frozen watched car hit kid couldn possibly stopped couldn sure driver kid registered ran street path big blue car pushed kid momentum pushing going stumbled half holding hysterical kid half holding schoolbooks knew car hit roaring blue giant funny thing felt giant powerful car wouldn hurt steel superman kid safe moved giant steel legs lifted kid giant steel arms couldn ten seconds felt ten pushed path car gotten side street kid blue car brakes screeching halt noise noise kid crying hear mother screaming street amazing looked wanted lean lamppost wasn going let kid lost books wasn middle street pick dropped
morning forever mountain tied hair japanese wrestlers wear ready leave thanked mother bowed low grandmother oldest fine wrestling partner picked cow arms trudged mountain reached top slung cow shoulder waved bye town forever mountain sold cow brought price unusually fat worked money bought heaviest silken belt find reached palace grounds wrestlers sitting eating enormous bowls rice comparing weight telling stories paid attention forever mountain wonder arrived late noticed grown quiet took part boasting ladies gentlemen court waiting special courtyard wrestling begin wore robes top heavy embroidery gold cloth gentlemen swords weighted gold precious stones screen sat emperor noble ordinary look lonely kind tired face hoped wrestling end quickly room write poems wrestlers chosen fight forever mountain wrestler biggest stomach country
machines affected workers lived live factories worked growing steam brought growth factory towns cities towns attractive visitor admired wonderful machines admire city factory smoke filled air endless rows buildings dirty gray streets factories brought problems brought benefits machines produce hand goods plentiful supplies cloth pots pans things increased goods plentiful cheaper buy goods goods comfortable pleasant fact factory goods cheap british later western nations sold products buy machine goods europe united states cheaply buy handmade goods countries thing europeans produced blankets america ironware africa cotton cloth asia products goods produced factories included kinds things sell goods food clothing consumed called consumer goods goods tools machines produce goods called capital goods worked homes small shops hand tools simple machines needed capital goods invention machines changed single yard machine cloth produced sale buy rent build factory
dived dive trouble tug tired started chest handful coins close chests hole noticed pieces timber covered barnacles looked part larger chest held knife thrust place gray timbers join found chest filled coins knife touched timbers moved instantly felt pressure wrist drew hand held knife tried draw move tide shifted timbers caught thought felt tug fastened waist answered quick tugs leather rope felt hot pain run arm tried open fingers drop knife hand numb stared murky water saw light movement hand caught moment saw flash pink fleshy tongue sliding wrist seen burro clam heard tales coast attached rocks timbers grew half height gray silent monsters unwary fishermen lost lives burros jaws
brought canvas bag showed drape sling left shoulder chest pouch lay easily accessible hand allowing journalism fiction cartoons swiftly extracted sold citizenry happiness security depended soldiers free press tuesday raced home school put canvas bag shoulder dumped magazines tilting left balance weight hip embarked highway journalism lived jersey commuter town northern fringe newark bleakest depression father died leaving pieces sears roebuck furniture mother doris live younger brothers uncle allen uncle allen salesman soft drink newark income week wore pearl gray detachable collars piece suit happily married took threadbare relatives load magazines headed avenue filling stations intersection union avenue grocery fruit stand bakery barber shop drugstore diner shaped railroad car hours highly visible shifting position corner corner shop window shop window sure heavy black lettering canvas bag saturday evening post
court jester left princess lenore room royal goldsmith royal goldsmith tiny round golden moon smaller thumbnail princess lenore string golden chain princess wear neck thing asked royal goldsmith finished moon court jester moon moon royal goldsmith miles bronze round marble think court jester moon court jester took moon princess lenore overjoyed gardens play king worries knew moon shine sky night want princess lenore moon wore chain neck real moon king lord high chamberlain princess lenore seeing moon shines sky tonight think lord high chamberlain tapped forehead fingers thoughtfully thing dark glasses princess lenore dark able moon shines sky king angry shook head side side
music changed drastically days heard wonders john bud powell today guitar major appliance volume guarantees teenager playing aware start war iii teenager merely explosions think part publicity campaign english group call don sound hip talking matter talks father sound hip children wonder duke sounded hip ellington humored give high palms bleed say chilly sounds short order cook father lost age twenty started paying rent remember cosby law intergenerational perversity applies hip possibly kids possibly hip end rock music parents suddenly started volume noise fault course buy complex stereo system decibel hungry darlings electronics store equipment bowie twin triple hitter treble speakers double headed action didn twenty fifteen bedroom bed failed notice gleam daughter eye resembled gleam dr frankenstein eye decided mobile
mother relationship altogether tiny woman feet inches tall blessed enormous vitality beautiful heart shaped face gentle strike deserved punishment frequently don recall raised voice talking wrong talks left weeping remorse mother understanding young extremely unusual japanese immigrant generation dad strict stern wanted rear children brought mother wise american children reared japanese children products required freedom eventually realize influence father mean entirely permissive tight rein children night insisted let home walk bedroom door knock tum ta ta tum tum knock tum tum slept lightly lived oddly mixed pleasant celebrated fourth july thanksgiving christmas japanese festivals boy girl festival dead late summer children public schools learned george washington valley forge grand heritage willing revolt liberty freedom
europeans visited china saw organized strong civilization chinese viewed quaint foreign visitors barbarians thought dress habits crude saw products europeans offered exchange silk fine china tea europeans wanted china chinese insisted left foreigners part china port cities foreigners bad influence chinese later series wars europeans won trade agreements china europe grown industry wealth china closed doors europe inventions fallen technology military foreign countries able influence chinese government early twentieth century china civil war rival rulers struggled power japan tried china japanese occupation ended strong country china war torn shambles chinese farmer unfortunate land controlled wealthy landowners rented small parcels farming families high prices families pay high taxes welfare system social security older bad harvest illness family borrow money food high interest rates pay sons daughters slaves landowner groups struggling power nationalists communists communist chinese defeated nationalist chinese
friendly ways manta fearsome beast aroused careless insult break neck flick tail lift flipper wreck strongest boat manta shouted el manta diablo indian helper quickly scrambled crouched bow boat began mutter father diablo seen bigger manta diablo trying scare indian father lashed tiller climbed stood glanced astern moment tiller loud indian hear small sister diablo indian fell silent frightened watched manta swimming outstretched fins vast silvery wings remembered frightened sound manta disappeared dawn rounded el lizard tongue land guards harbor anchored boats father walked home moonlight let repeat treat courtesy listen boasts believed dangerous young week learned friend lives born
knew oldtimer sulphur creek told previous fall appreciating advice sensation feet build fire forced remove mittens fingers quickly numb pace miles hour heart pumping blood surface body extremities instant stopped action pump eased cold space smote unprotected tip planet unprotected tip received full force blow blood body recoiled blood alive dog dog wanted hide cover fearful cold walked miles hour pumped blood willy surface ebbed sank recesses body extremities feel absence wet feet froze faster exposed fingers numbed faster begun freeze nose cheeks freezing skin body chilled lost blood safe toes nose cheeks touched frost fire beginning burn strength feeding twigs size fingers minute able feed branches size wrist remove wet footgear dried naked feet warm fire rubbing course snow
reluctance mauled seventy pound cheetah destroyed chance making friends chief warned tried closer meeting thing stood minutes motionless left hoping start lesson wild animal learn trainer hostile days relations improved feeding chief bits meat avoiding sudden moves sitting floor standing finally playing football won trust football invaluable chief loved pounce ball bat eccentric sphere cage occasionally jumped directly head pursuit ball entered chief rub leg purr lick hand rough tongue began play slapping boots hugging legs jumping put forepaws shoulders course play pants leg mouth give exploratory nip wishing encourage kind fun give brisk slap nose follow slap sharp command chief responded fear signals backing snarling gradually learned slap overtures attack sign want nipped soon command halt kind biting
felicia finished walk risk limb marilyn wanted help put groceries don call felicia quickly help wanted excuse mother phyllis lorraine fern talked lunch bothered felicia walking home cheryl forget felt phyllis eat corn chips felicia cold disdainful voice maybe mother explain girls acted mrs briskly felicia finished telling conversation exactly remember feeling mad feeling positively mad don mother looked sure finally don haven idea felicia hesitated told truth maybe didn felicia mother gently difference truth opinion truth facts opinion think told thought didn shouldn say think mother frowned look idea comes says boy dumb idea wrong wrong wouldn feel bad guess felicia uncertainly tend critical
things notice words dialogue spelled manual alphabet letter represented hand shape look written letter examples letter fist say want manual alphabet times sign word say proper person place city common signs big cities chicago washington dc give emphasis word raising voice deaf typically combination signs person speaks sign language fast faster say things loud signs fast kinds signs signs act pantomime ideas supposed represent hold fingers ear wiggle backward think rabbit ears word rabbit signs look mean belong groups signs similar let give signs female mother sister daughter aunt girl touching lower half face signs shaking letter word green signs deaf learn depending grew school
harry hunched low keeping paper view curly headed girl tiny mark pen ink behaved stayed place unwound molded resemble person running sketched front view side view perfect instructor side harry sat straighter teacher gestured side drawing board show boy sewing machine materials agnes obediently climbed stool stand agnes harry thought mother aunt named agnes liked pictures didn agnes agnes stole look harry drawing nice harry scowled agnes led cutting tables harry loitered tables heaped fabrics agnes handed harry scraps material soft tightly woven strong finer seen coat pants agnes explained rich extended sign rich suggest awesome stack money wasn easy harry managed smile showed empty machine agnes spun wheel hand pedaled treadle guided pieces needle careful fingers needle ouch halted moment reached hand pulled looked angry want show yielded reluctantly hand sewing machine resumed stitching
coiling tip cliff eagle nest ledge fastening end rawhide rope jack pine let fall ledge looking saw hung feet nest plan slide rope tie eaglets end pulled draw honor pair captive eagles supply feathers carefully lowered edge cliff soon stood ledge beautiful young eaglets nest full feathered able fly tied rope prepared climb weight rope surprise fell green hide slipping knot tied tree pulled knot loose rope realized immediately trapped mystery save slow death starvation thirst looked sheer drop hundreds feet slightest projection climb tried climb find handhold foothold eagle chosen place nest despite brave heart terror gripped stood looking direction knew
resting awhile slowly stream nearby drank deeply cool water berries growing bushes ate strengthened food water started direction camp progress slow compelled rest times eaglets remained side guarding passed spot killed buffalo coyotes vultures left bones bow arrows left managed kill rabbit eagle friends feasted late afternoon reached camp find moved late tired decided stay night soon fell asleep eagles pressing close night sun high sky awoke sleep strength giving thanks safety set days trail lived roots berries found game shoot shared eagle brothers flew overhead walked rested shoulders afternoon caught band frightened saw welcomed joy astonished story eaglets left amazed
blustery afternoon benjamin banneker rode hill ellicott lower mills tied horse hitching post front store hurried inside george ellicott rushed meet waving letter welcome ellicott called eyes reflecting excitement voice cousin major ellicott writes days belief banneker voice equally animated greatest adventure moved small room served office sitting stove glowed icy chill talked letter major andrew ellicott voices quickened talked events led receipt letter surveying task part undertaking young united states congress temporarily sitting city cities congress decided nation permanent capital city congress left choice president george washington selected centrally located spot majestic potomac river states maryland virginia donated parcel land project ten mile square federal district surveyed city built january president washington decreed survey andrew ellicott logical choice ellicott turn needed assistant skills astronomy mathematics president thomas jefferson secretary readily agreed benjamin banneker appointed position
products digestion energy process releasing energy food called respiration process food combined oxygen water waste products energy important product respiration energy food carry processes waste products metabolism poisons organism rid wastes excretion term processes remove wastes organism seen cat arched shown figure cats react frightened event condition organism react stimulus reaction organism stimulus called response case dog cat presence dog served stimulus arching cat response stimulus organism responds stimuli survive grow stimulus mean danger mean food spider responds shaking web shaking mean insect caught web process organisms kind called reproduction ability reproduce basic features reproduction survival organisms kind fail reproduce group organisms pass existence ways organisms reproduce asexual reproduction simpler methods asexual reproduction form reproduction involves parent
energy atp comes energy glucose glucose directly indirectly plants provide food living things animals food eating plants eating animals eaten plants plants food food plants glucose photosynthesis process glucose plants photosynthesis shown equation recall chlorophyll found chloroplasts absorbs light energy sun energy needed food making occur figure shows process photosynthesis materials chloroplast materials compare equations respiration photosynthesis shown table notice equations opposites respiration glucose combines oxygen special cells firefly atp unusual activity cells produce light giving light living thing called firefly special cells grouped form structure called lantern lanterns found underside firefly cells lanterns chemical change takes place atp combined oxygen substance called change molecules energy atp release energy light organisms processes produce light organisms basically fireflies light producing organisms live ocean include types clams snails squid fish surface warm ocean water common single celled organism
look figure shows classification plant order tiger lilly belong lilies belong order classifying living things helpful names agrees names classification groups scientists names genus species scientific organism scientific tiger lily scientific names important common names organisms change language change place place animal figure places called mountain lion places called cougar puma scientists names scientists animal felis mumps chicken pox disease caused virus virus small particle nucleic acid protein covering protein coat nucleic acid virus directions making viruses protein coat protects virus structure type virus shown figure viruses shown viruses figure compare size cell attached viruses borderline living nonliving things viruses substances living cells viruses cells cells viruses reproduce inside living cell carry processes
seen photographs wild oxen breeding modern species cows developed older species animal breeders developed types farm animals studying traits oxen carefully selecting animals breed animal breeders improve animal breeds produced cattle yield meat fat cows give milk chickens lay egg animals resistant types diseases animal breeders farms ranches special farms run government universities animal breeders trained farms receive college degree advanced degree interested career biology chemistry courses high school camping national park noticed presence park rangers park rangers ensure safety park park rangers answer questions park park rangers conduct tours describing wildlife explain animals reside park kind habitats animals live sure wildlife harmed park recreation park rangers check habitats damaged park rangers college degree biology natural resource management candidates pass additional examination park outdoors interested career part ranger courses biology earth science high school
matter makes objects things matter matter mass takes space mass measure amount matter object kinds matter properties help identify examples properties color odor temperature substance melts boils properities describe kinds matter combine sample matter classified substance mixture substance kind matter gold silver water salt sugar examples substances particles substance figure kinds substances elements compounds element substance changed simpler substances ordinary means heating cooling crushing gold silver examples elements compound substance elements chemically combined water salt sugar compounds compound properties compounds elements water broken parts hydrogen oxygen air brass salt water examples mixtures mixture combination kinds matter separated physical means kind matter mixture found amount kinds matter properties mixtures makeup sample brass uniform mixture elements copper zinc amount copper zinc brass point brass object skim milk shown figure uniform mixture
temperatures place physical properties temperature solid liquid called melting point melted substance cooled change solid reverse change called freezing temperature liquid freezes called freezing point freezing point melting point substance water temperature sea level look icicles shown figure ice warmed begins melt heat added ice ice melts temperature remains ice melts solid liquid states water exist temperature temperature begins rise ice melted melting point freezing point substance physical properties help identify substance table shows melting freezing points substances strength forces particles determines melting freezing points kinds matter oxygen low melting point forces particles oxygen weak iron high melting point forces iron particles strong high melting point iron makes material cooking utensils liquid change gas evaporation boiling evaporation takes place surface liquid boiling takes place liquid temperature liquid boils sea level boiling point liquid table shows boiling points substances
look vertical lines drawing distance lines middle ends lines farther middle think find sure things scientists kinds accurate measurements test hypotheses nature scientists send results scientists reason measurements meaning countries scientist describes size dinosaur bone description clear meaning scientist modern system measurement adopted countries known international system units si important units si meter kilogram kg liter unit larger smaller multiplying dividing ten prefixes show times unit multiplied divided prefix added unit table shows prefixes si units meters kilometer part liter milliliter meter si unit measuring length distance meter slightly longer yard length measured meterstick metric ruler metric rulers marked centimeters cm look table part meter centimeter smallest markings metric ruler show millimeters mm mm cm wide fossil photograph mm cm
members phylum simple invertebrates coelenterates live ocean coelenterate invertebrate central body cavity single opening body form hollow sac figure shows animals phylum hydra jellyfish sea anemone animals differ features common coelenterates simple animals complex sponges recall sponges layers cells cells form true tissues coelenterates layers form true tissues coelenterates single body opening called mouth mouth surrounded tentacles tentacles armlike extensions catch food bring body cavity stinging cells located tentacles stinging cell cell pointed threadlike parts getting food animal brushes tentacles stinging cells react pointed threadlike parts shoot pierce animal poison threadlike part paralyzes kills animal stinging cells wrap animal help hold tentacles carry animal food mouth coelenterate coelenterates body forms cycle find central cavity body form shown figure body form tubelike structure mouth top mouth surrounded tentacles body form shaped umbrella mouth underside body form tentacles hang coelenterates change body form cycle
type animals found ocean floor deserts swamps flying air crawling dog arthropods found places arthropod animal body segments hard jointed legs species arthropod phylum animal phyla combined arthropods considered successful group term successful special meaning biologists group animals called successful members found habitats exist numbers conditions describe arthropods successful group adaptations species arthropods major factor success group adaptation trait makes organism able survive environment arthropods adaptations animals share traits body arthropods divided main parts identify parts figure head part body sense organs thorax middle body part joins head abdomen walking legs attached thorax abdomen part body reproductive digestive organs hard body covering arthropod called exoskeleton exoskeleton skeleton covers animal body skeleton suit armor hard covering protects body exoskeleton helps arthropod eaten animals drying protection exoskeleton reason arthropods successful
thought million species living things earth kinds living things live environments live wetlands deserts live saltwater freshwater environments living things found tops mountains depths oceans species specially suited living environment organisms special features allow function environment inherited trait makes organism able live environment adaptation kinds adaptations special structures monkeys hands separate fingers grasping monkeys spend trees hands adapted grasping branches bird shown figure hunts small fish wading shallow water adaptations bird wading cactus waxy coating helps water inside plant think kind environment cactus lives waxy coating adaptation animals adaptations form camouflage camouflage adaptation special coloring shape animal blend environment adaptation helps conceal organism enemies find fish figure organisms adapted surroundings camouflaged adapted colorful notice brightly colored berries plant figure birds attracted bright color berries birds eat berries digest seeds inside seeds later discharged distant location
living units called ecosystems ecosystem area living nonliving things interact exchanging energy materials ecosystems large forest small plants growing crack rock pond ecosystem living things plants insects frogs part ecosystem water soil oxygen sunlight energy nonliving parts plants sunlight food eaten insects insects turn eaten frogs organisms carbon oxygen water nitrogen processes nonliving materials exist limited amounts cycled ecosystem movement water nature called water cycle water cycle sun energy evaporation process water liquid gas notice figure water evaporates oceans rivers lakes soil bodies living things process transpiration water plants leaves released air water air cools water liquid process condensation forms clouds water falls clouds called precipitation form rain snow hail sleet water soil living things plants roots absorb water animals drink water food water living things later returned ground air plants lose water leaves animals lose water give wastes water cycle completed water evaporates movement carbon oxygen ecosystem called carbon oxygen cycle
water plants home school need sunlight need soils plants florist answer questions florists sell plants cut flowers care plants conditions flowering plants bloom florists attractive arrangements flowers florists able help customers plants diseased problems florists recognize common plant diseases knowledge cure plant diseases helpful florists shops hotels restaurants florists run businesses receive job training interested career benefit biology art courses high school learned lot traits inherited patterns inheritance determined geneticists researchers study inheritance geneticists small organisms bacteria yeasts information obtained organisms applied organisms geneticists plan carry experiments record analyze results geneticists working crops developed improved varieties foods corn wheat hybrid fruits vegetables produced geneticists government universities industries training varies includes college degree biology genetics advanced degree required jobs interested traits inherited career geneticist courses biology chemistry high school dr barbara mcclintock geneticist won nobel prize
land fire beneath sky brass riding bound sat erect saddle cursed thieves cowards blows silence blood swollen cracked lips dried face neck john sutton knew rode knew planned john sutton sat thin dry tall horse leading tempered hard ways unforgiving land strong strengths needed survive land held place weak indecisive prisoner bitter chase pleasant coastal lands blazing desert colorado river fought quit destroyed crops tore fences burned home killed hired hand tried kill burned home rebuilt shot shot ambushed left dead crawled rocks wounded grizzly treated wounds caught horse rode sutton ranch shot lights victory celebration sutton quit protest admired game winning sympathy country black irishman county mother died atlantic crossing father killed indians tennessee sixteen fought texas war independence trapped rockies war mexico served texas rangers learned walker colt
walked limping counter window piles tomatoes celery green peppers clustered suppose random vegetables wait answer dumb ingredients greek salad greek salad meal experience emotional involvement created deftly grace place large lettuce leaves big deep bowl spread fingers moved slowly carefully arranging leaves remainder lettuce shredded piled small mound comes celery cucumbers tomatoes sliced lengthwise green peppers green olives avocado anchovies end dress lemon vinegar pure olive oil glinting golden light finished heartfelt sigh moment closed eyes opened eye mark intensity story goes zeus created recipe assembled mixed ingredients mount olympus night invited gods dinner turned walked slowly store dragging foot slightly looked uneasily clock showed minutes past turned quickly startled loudly white beans lentils garlic crisp bread meat balls mussels clams paused drew deep breath
late mother ran home marry father marriage running expected seventeen girls twenty children pregnant children later born mother large soft loving eyed woman rarely impatient home quick violent temper view times battled white landlord misfortune suggest children need school clothes wore brothers overalls towels sheets spent summers canning vegetables fruits spent winter evenings making quilts cover beds working labored father fields began sunup end late night moment sit undisturbed unravel private thoughts free interruption noisy inquiries children mother mothers famous search secret fed mutilated vibrant creative spirit black woman inherited pops wild unlikely places ask overworked mother care feeding creative spirit answer simple spent discovering
middle august getting car bill forrester shouted going downtown extraordinary ice cream join minutes later jiggled steamed mood douglas found stepping fiery pavements moving soda scented air vanilla freshness drugstore sit snow marble fountain bill forrester asked recital unusual ices fountain fashioned lime vanilla ice bill forrester yes sir douglas waiting turned slowly rotating stools silver gleaming mirrors hushed whirl ceiling fans green shades small windows harp wire chairs passed moving gaze stopped turning eyes touched face form miss helen loomis ninety ice cream spoon hand ice cream mouth young bill forrester person taste imagination willpower ten dare veer common flavors listed menu order straight quibble reservation unheard thing lime vanilla ice bowed head solemnly sit talk strange ice creams things bent don afraid foot bill smiling carried dishes table sat look boy grandfather head re william forrester
suspected indians living hills knew sure ishi reduced persons ishi sister aged mother young young died leaving ishi sister care ishi family seen chance party surveyors stumbled indians secret camps sister ran mother found lying skins apparently pain surveyors ransacked camp took find fire drill usual yahi cooking utensils arrow flaking tools deer bow arrows quivers pronged spear baskets moccasins tanned hides fur robe wildcat pelts things surveyors took trophies leaving indians means livelihood ishi camp found mother saw sister carried mother place safety looked died likely died surrender oroville slaughterhouse cut hair short sign mourning ishi say wrong speak dead ordeal adjustment apparently civilization unpleasant ishi protected curious crowds ready meet
charlie stumbled water fight water waist deep bank getting deeper step charlie axe drawn aimed cave boar coon head chance hollering red turn loose git charlie bothered coon hounds red couldn hear flailing water feet whipping white froth trying heads surface squalling coon climbing shoving red couldn hear charlie calling charlie hold hind leg dragged loose coon waded bank pulling howling howled mom lit stick stove wood didn want pulled fight charlie reached hind leg papa told hold tight let coon hurried water axe try save red watched charlie howled frustration pulled strained howled papa wouldn let excited whirled snapped papa hand papa quick jerked hand reach grabbed ears couldn knew hushed racket lay whimpering whining sounded spoiled baby crying
look father called pointing swooping birds fell silent watching silhouetted dark blue sky driver voice broke spell yes re pretty arrived farm dark judith climbed truck trying comb tangles hair fingers hated riding pickup short ride hair mass knots want call mom mother saying thank falter judith father tucked child hand arm think re going don farm space truck garden barn judith turned entered house climbed stairs room longer smiled wryly clicked light brothers thought minded sharing room understand aloud looked dreams tied place divided space bunk bed real difference differences beneath surface judith put books shelves read outgrown clothes hung groups closet filled drawers dresser fit space didn possessions likewise giving half room giving half discarded unwanted
later called friend dr hamilton confiding plans ambitions asked loan medical books gave gray anatomy private office drugstore saw hon chadwick heard conversation promptly forward shook hand warmly saying ahead let win announced plans leave philadelphia enter medical school expected disapproval friends relatives prepared storm opposition family felt disgraced child influenced encouraged think irreparable injury sneered laughed friends consider christian duty advise endeavor prevent taking fatal step literally rack things end departure hand afternoon friends called say goodby mrs beats think smart woman lost senses stark crazy leave business run wild goose chase smiled change mind physician charge hats bonnets answer quick sharp woman doctor choking tears desperate effort calmly answered tell
dump pretty place novice fascinating rhythm steady streams trucks flow heavy tractors dart leveling loads trash find beauty look blue sky flocks seagulls gliding effortless flight food garbage job smell nearly expected backyard cans turn nose smells varied strong dump noxious odors hang heavy air rich full turn head objectionable cans find lighter air vast acres waste escape dropping load getting fast relief impossible attendant patrols dump shows trucks deposit load red plastic cape identifies traffic keeps garbage clothes saw forty white street clean cut face greased hair connect job wonder pride allowed tried elevate task giving fancy called landfill inspector calling truck environmental control agents dump today stood gaping load dropped ground
chair lady dark haired matron thirty woman full cheeks plump arms legs lips red neck fleshy forgotten past suddenly reading stopped put book stood rest cookies blinked rousing boy kitchen filling pockets cookies nodded dazed spell boy took cookies living room door mrs drew stood warmth left looked hands wrinkled thin murmered tears blurred eyes soon moved tottered mirror mantel looked faded eyes stared eyes deep set withered face soon boy left side later whispered sure listlessly pushed door open bye steps moment heard shoes sidewalk stood angrily porch sit table slowly porch pushing inside house matter caught arm sick tired rubbed forehead father living room newspapers undershirt matter
knowing mrs mallard afflicted heart trouble care break gently news husband death sister josephine told broken sentences veiled hints revealed half concealing husband friend richards newspaper office intelligence railroad disaster received brently mallard leading list killed assure truth telegram hastened forestall careful tender friend bearing sad message hear story women heard paralyzed inability accept significance wept sudden wild abandonment sister arms storm grief spent room follow stood facing open window comfortable roomy armchair sank pressed physical exhaustion haunted body reach soul open square house tops trees aquiver spring delicious breath rain air street peddler crying wares notes distant song singing reached faintly countless sparrows twittering eaves patches blue sky showing clouds met piled west facing window
settlers settlement big woods david molly growing married land left farther west country settled land rich level forests west david father sons younger david afford generous david nineteen labor belonged father twenty father gave free gift cap measure heaped running gave david team wagon earned working till twenty molly parents gave blankets wild goose feather pillows cooking pot pan skillet gave ham cheese molds maple sugar tennyson poems beautifully bound green gilt steel engravings patchwork quilts pieced david fiddle gun families east bible circuit rider wrote marriage certificate page provided pages births deaths blank waiting written provided set west molly sad leaving family forever ached busy mother sisters log cabin father coming home hunting oak tree door path spring memories soon ceased hurt happiness david
fished skiff gulf stream eighty days taking fish forty days boy forty days fish boy parents told definitely finally salao worst form unlucky boy orders boat caught fish week boy sad skiff empty help carry coiled lines gaff harpoon sail furled mast sail patched flour sacks furled looked flag permanent defeat thin gaunt deep wrinkles neck brown blotches benevolent skin cancer sun brings reflection tropic sea cheeks blotches ran sides face hands deep creased scars handling heavy fish cords scars fresh erosions fishless desert eyes color sea cheerful undefeated santiago boy climbed bank skiff hauled money taught boy fish boy loved re lucky boat stay
suppose photographer hired illustrate article article describes liberty park jersey spot big city dwellers enjoy open air activities full sight statue liberty photographer submits pictures approval picture misses point article emphasis article park statue photo shows enjoying open air activities big city focus broad general familiar york view skyline liberty park possibility unsatisfactory opposite reason focuses closely shows statue liberty details suggest tourists approaching statue liberty visit city dwellers enjoying park fourth photo accurately focuses point article statue liberty background groups activities enjoying tended grass details supporting idea liberty park place big city dwellers enjoy open air activities sight statue liberty fourth picture captures main idea central focus article photographs miss point emphasizes wrong subject general closely focused writers develop central focus start general topic carefully select present details topic develop main idea
overjoyed dropped laps dr stephen politely appreciates fact favored tends regard news fortune intrusion consuming interest trying figure universe works phoned tell prize going door discuss ideas lunch office smile wasn pleased dr research associate physics california institute technology twenty persons walks named recipients awards john catherine macarthur foundation chicago awards gifts exceptionally talented individuals shown originality creativity independence dr age twenty youngest recipients scientific career graduated oxford university england seventeen doctorate later unlike stereotype white scientist working laboratory dr spends thought plain small office office equipped chiefly bookshelves desk computer terminal read printer dr finds difficult explain field interest field basically studies particles compose matter forces act blue corduroy slacks open neck shirt sandals arrive office late morning think late evening grab sandwich battered red home
rope dropped loop calf head lay ground fat lazy milk calf roped cow didn fight bit led snubbing post middle pen tied short wheeled cart overhauling harness fit soon calf hooked cart shafts thing wouldn bridle making sort halter bridle snapping reins drive jay drive thought argued awhile jay older bigger drive turn calf loose snubbing post ready run open lot gate swing cart drove calf ride untied calf run lot gate swung open didn ride instant calf discovered hooked cart wasn gentle calf reared straight walled eyes bellowed tearing gate fast grab tail end cart missed fell fresh cow manure jay didn ride pen calf pitching bawling kicking high cart
light larger began lights window lights knew saved found house mountain didn existed walked faster wasn track leading ski track snowshoe prints boot marks clean smooth untouched snow maybe entrance didn difference sure telephone call lift station tell dad glad alive front gate slipped latch walked deep snow front door knew look strange sight covered snow carrying broken skis poles hands rule litter mountain took equipment night rang doorbell thinking home try window going walk farther snow wind darkness help home lights door opened tall dark haired short beard stood smiling dressed tight fitting red racing suit vaguely familiar lost asked friendly fashion yes sir tried joke skiing zigzag guess laughed pleasant deep laugh re
took deep breath order tell kim predicament filling lungs thing greatly increased rip rip slit shot armpit felt ominous draft essential dance floor shelter music stopped lights dug fingers kim shoulder hard break spell music kim leave dance hissed dress kim dragged eyes combo looked dress american idiom learned eyes started kim eyes start nearly took tugged kim exit walk close kim swallowed audible gulp yes hoarsely clutching dress kim arm tight waist danced cautiously exit barely pardon expression music stop lobby checking quickly bolted ladies room waited shivering inside cubicles kim look told sounded desperate couple minutes later rushing crying emma sick wailed dress split open unlocked cubicle opened couple inches looked gurgled emma happened explained explanations pointless
attention fellow workers upset considered left store hurried block apartment building fact spider actually harmless disturbed determination avoid failed person called smith intuitively felt hated real hate tried hard remain aloof feelings caught entanglements deep emotion lifted door mailbox took handful letters bills invitations spring book conferences letter aunt bangor writing thank birthday present envelope addressed mrs julia editor children books put letters bag opened door automatic elevator stepped inside opened envelope eagerly kind paper saw thin hand saw salutation dear miss humpty dumpty enjoy submission expect soon elevator lurched upward julia put hand emergency stop button hesitated touch elevator slowed halted doors opened faced familiar hall muted light gray carpeting lilacs table stepped waited heart stop violent thumping humpty dumpty fall wouldn elevator hallway tenants victim inside apartment possibly
human beings need monsters fairly centuries amused inventing awesome wicked creatures beginning course deal spare kind entertainment busy avoiding jaws authentic monsters unthinkable invent hungry creature affairs doubt continued beasts powerful humans parts saber toothed cats cave bears dreadful wolves began disappear grew weary bored began imagine strange shapes moonlight fantastic creatures order jolt sit safe study meet monster pick newspaper find find scientists supported york times probing depths scotland loch ness search loch ness monster turn television set discover hairy human creature repeatedly sighted forests pacific northwest happen highest regard nessie loch ness monster believe necessarily loch ness monster existence willing accept possibility believe kindness believe nessie hope thinks answer cancer conquered atom moon mount everest nessie monsters popping unlikely places
white white memories lost free free happiness fantasy liberty excitement filled dominated mountain valleys surrounding plains white horse flooded youth dreams poetry campfires country sunny patios town ranch hands talked enthusiasm admiration gradually eyes hazy blurred dreaming lively talk die thoughts fixed vision evoked horse myth animal kingdom poem white mysterious paraded summer forests lordly rejoicing winter plains sheltered hillsides protection females spent summer oriental potentate woodland gardens winter passed illustrious warrior celebrating earned victory legend stories told wonder horse endless true fabricated traps snares searching parties vain horse escaped mocked pursuers rose control valiant cowboy swore put halter brand animal confess later mystic horse fifteen seen wonder horse filled imagination fired ambition listen open mouthed father ranch hands talked phantom horse turned mist air nothingness trapped
cold sea water lower body brought machado head ached feel welt forehead slammed instrument panel hear dimly gin grunting struggling realized cargo loosened attempt slammed forward impact trapping gin heavy crates reaching rising water machado released belt bent seat help gin tugging alternately crates loose working freed doorway cargo compartment broken impassable jumble wooden crates released plastic astrodome plane top nose section crawled gin feel aluminum fuselage cool bare feet lost shoes socks struggle crates riding dying whale moonlight empty sea stretched slow swell sloshed horizontal wings machado carefully cargo door lay belly reached couldn reach handle banged top door fist yelled hey dom dom open door fast sinking beneath shiny aluminum hear voice calmer steadier felt tony
summer degree academic degree scandinavian languages rarity presented seal city hamburg twenty seal meant lifetime appointment official interpreter court hamburg previously held ready retirement seal small unsightly rubber stamp knowing key opening prison doors barred rent office continued room home typewriter needed translate official documents began give private lessons danish language elizabeth levy student pianist older dark hair showed gray eyes looked sad worn expression thin face reflected sleepless nights hurry learn danish plan trip future vaguely rest story guess jewish class living room home elizabeth acted remote related danish language curtain fell june hawthorn tree front house stood full blossom open window sounds early summer liked immediately looked let eyes fell piano stood window
john earlingham saw kathy denver place kick practice field squinty eyes widened wonder kathy boys lined show skills place kickers stood line kickers nervously scuffing ground toe football shoes earlingham borrowed junior high school high topped cleated football shoes part kathy uniform matched players field wearing small course appeared smaller lack shoulder pads blond ponytail longest head hair football field kathy stepped place turn kicking practice field halt linemen running backs stopped turned watch larger usual group fans watching practice knotted crowd end field kicking tryouts held eyes kathy freddie witherspoon bent ball snapped matthews point ball ground kathy took quick step forward swung foot ball took end end shot goal posts moment absolute silence suddenly players fans alike cheer kathy grinned walked kicker stepped john earlingham stared wide eyed blinked squinted settled wrinkled face deep frown kick chuck assistant coach earlingham determined practice field witherspoon matthews sending dressing room
sitting breakfast morning gasping exclamations broke kitchen maggie waitress hurried tell father de show tell father moment later de gaunt bony figure edged pantry door wearing leather gloves holding legs owl body tucked arm remember today bird looked golden eyes glaring tufts horned erect stiff beneath de gloved hands thickly feathered toes curved talons opened closed afraid remember face scorn hatred felt fear let show mother turned pale de dreadful de obviously think dreadful yes ma going father asked chicken crate nelson cellar de replied let eat father asked haven tried de put father decide de took asking excused flutter maids cook thought owl looked fearful waitress exclaimed beautiful golden eyes
addams misdemeanor hit run killing mandatory murder charge degree valid insanity plea case criminal spend plenty locked prove date trip show police officers exactly skidded country garage find story addams try addams desk sat heavily don hold lawyer guess sudden hundred want believe gary fender repaired wouldn lose driving privilege believe changed post month teenage strange murky remember clue huge youngster post grow big lately trouble normal amount gary sunny type reliable honest traveled nice pack kids pretty fair athlete student contemporaries respect picture june broad smiling face pleasant rugged looking boy looking kid changed janet discussed tried talk won talk sour moody gloomy feed interested dates athletics studies spends lot room door closed grunts barks sister
bread unbleached flour painter lady asked mama pause restaurant holding breath wondering mama dump spoonful painter lady head didn set pop johnson plate bang mama finally took order starving lady sudden couldn mind wanted vegetable plate fish salad finally settled broiled trout tossed salad mama reached plate serve painter lady leaned counter finger air excuse thing mama holding plate frisbee tapping foot hand hip raw beets tossed salad mama leaning face close painter lady lou tossed sit painter lady sat stool shut country lou tried mama open fire painter lady mama seeing north couldn expect manners mama sorry impatient woman decent person simply trying stick strict diet lou didn want hear lady think coming neighborhood taking wall mama drawled pulling filling station daddy wheel hard artist ya
cried slept awakened morning pillow damp hope newsboy die breakfast table gobbling sunday funnies bacon eggs jeffrey stay bed sore throat yawning looking newspaper celebrity morning looking picture sports page suddenly remembered photographer ledger half rose chair paper wait turn jumping chair attempted examine newspaper shoulder shifted sheet pleaded look tell look miss marilla marston teasing smile peeked printed page folded eyes say picture happy finally gave paper scanned ledger fun picture group young golfers holding drivers ground camera shot green putting head leaning ball background stared head turned line direction putt recognized thank heavens sighed breath telling ledger snapped shot opponent reached green
summer need tell lonesome seth week wrote letter describing dorm endless registration lines orientation affairs students home sickness crept lines week short note notes welcome yes missed forgot say jones galen job week factory terrific bore stand stand moving counter loaded jars week put cover jar moves past rub eyes straighten aching shoulders contingent jars passes covers days mrs gave laid eyes dreadful thing waken morning absolutely loathing ahead thing look forward golf won points jones galen match burning bush country club felt depressed lift saw ledger area medalist marilla marston galen felt boxed dad begun track paychecks couldn sending money abbot couldn ease situation hot standing jars thinking sun covers put jars occurred correct
wondered houses cobb road inside today found officer ford rang bell door swung open woman waiting hand knob immediately contrasting impression mrs abbot wide house narrow colorless round face brown hair strand gray temple morning mrs abbot officer ford low voice introduced officer seth didn tell asked dressed company policeman nodded won waved house kitchen small space directly stairway table young boy stared bowl oatmeal thought reminded red hair large freckles terribly thin eyes large pointed face wearing greenish plaid robe thing common noted toast silently studied crowd doorway morning officer ford finally found person sending envelopes money nice put thought humbly boy lifted brows saw scar side forehead wondered re asking identify person brought hospital officer ford person kitchen moment abbot quiet
checking fence spotted orange cat open meadow coming running flat huge airedale jumps flash cat spun leaped pursuer dog yelped whirled blurring circles trying dislodge rider suddenly cat running heading direction dog lined instant seconds later ready close cat repeated maneuver buying astride dog continued race rushed rescue waving arms shouting maniac cat change course passed close touched airedale detoured breaking stride lost distance rush jaws snapped empty air target shot straight tree chase orange cat crouched low branch staring frustrated airedale vain assaults tree trunk dog trotted seek cooperative game tried coax angry creature part finally gave walked barn groom belle black mare later turned put grooming tools startled orange cat standing stall doorway sauntered brushed boot passed sat front black mare belle lowered head inspect newcomer sniffed blowing sounds
mamma straw sun wore dress shoes carried hoe snakes berry picking business traded words women going carried thick short branches beat bushes hit snakes laughed ran kicked dust children path led woods streaking ahead early morning dew glistened legs soaked tail dress dark trees road air shimmer heat houses looked liked look straight tall pines wish top sit swaying wind blew tripped rock sprawling grass dew chest ran stopping spot didn berries heard idea private property berries grew wild free berry bushes dark green vines whitish flowers sharp thorns carefully started picking nearest mashed plant feet stood couldn fly scratch pick blackberries plant deeper inside patch soon private space careful push bushes sides fly scratch grown picked high children picked low
read paragraphs select choices follow meaning italicized words remember test choice trying context officials office clean waters astounded pleasantly excited lb oz salmon found floating river week salmon seen river fish examined delighted officials jubilantly reported positive proof rules aimed cleaning river fought local industries beginning neighborhood baker announced fish stored freezer fishing trip weekends ago thawed wife sniff declared fish spoiled argued insisted discard tossed river fish baker weighs exactly mine hook mark exactly place officials office clean waters say comment queried reporters latest developments baker laugh story wife perplexed fuss smelly dead fish asked information surrounds word called context information clues help figure meaning familiar word special unfamiliar
giant walks silent steps nighttime sky orion giant constellation constellation group stars form picture ancient greeks orion hunter imagined club held high lion skin shield short sword dangled wide belt live north equator find orion easily brightest constellation sky november march dress warmly clear cloudless night walk open area free tall buildings trees pick place sky face south look halfway horizon highest place sky bright stars straight line form orion belt hanging belt fainter line stars sword george outstanding amateur astronomical observer century convinced large number flared limit naked eye visibility missed astronomers fully understood eruptions believed caused material spilling star companion double star system twenty ago remained enigma fewer dozen spotted astronomers study nature eruptions professionals amateurs photograph sky search days weeks pictures examined outburst
fact animal wolf cold spring water looking standpoint dog suddenly pointed ears inside large feet dark solid colored fur blue eyes added thing feel part confusion felt think feet pup shrank height backed steps whined deep stomach sharing confusion walked trotted whimpered picked stuck neck sweater picked books carefully wouldn scare started home odd feeling wolf pup gave explain wild mine lonely wildness forest hollows january ice glistens woods frozen silent orphan parents killed automobile accident horror accident firmly impressed retreated completely unemotional shell carl bea foster parents gave heartfelt love sympathy stored turn loved outwardly prove thing happened childhood wasn push resented feared
hear brother raymond hollering swings knows thing loudspeaker announced hundred yard dash slip sweat pants gretchen standing starting line kicking legs pro place raymond side fence bending fingers ground knew start yell don burns energy holler race feel dream kind dream re sick fever feel hot weightless dream flying sandy beach early morning sun touching leaves trees fly feel getting lighter lighter spread fingers dirt crouch mark yell stop dreaming solid telling squeaky win win fastest thing beat father try feel weight coming knees feet pistol shot explodes blood weightless flying past runners arms pump quiet crunch crunch zoom gravel track glance left
museum natural history crossing street subway saw crowd halfway block police cars hear whine ambulance minute hesitated walked crowds curious officials trying save lives dad detective force complains mind term paper going write air pollution eighth grade class mentally arranged notes museum program subject course knew read afternoon papers ask dad dinner talked cases telling real security details asked mom looked kind funny museum killed working term paper thing morning mom looked worried shooting museum wasn dad soothingly tried lose didn succeed museum inch dad bragging frowned didn let entirely caught knifed catch nodded head re left gang broke jewelry store weeks ago managed jewels didn grab
detective sanchez boone high tuesday morning look suspicious death valuable tropical fish monday helen owner fish set student exhibit tuesday science fair leaving checked heater aquarium working water temperature correct school passed fred potts bob lyman arriving basketball practice speak boy bob fact acted seen helen exhibit chosen fair bob upset angry boy carried gym bag hand helen noticed bob basketball shoes socks sanchez questioned building engineer usual science room clock turned lights locked door night nervously key room sight helen questioned door locked tried early tuesday morning waited engineer arrived unlocked saw fish floating dead aquarium detective brought fred potts bob lyman asked gym bags school practice called yesterday sanchez told wanted lockers bags detective examined bob bag found piece plastic wrapping caught zipper
minutes round clock information booth grand central station tall young army lieutenant direction tracks lifted sunburned face eyes narrowed note exact heart pounding beat shocked control minutes woman filled special place past thirteen months woman seen written words sustained close information booth ring besieging clerks lieutenant remembered night worst fighting plane caught midst pack zeros seen grinning face enemy pilots letters confessed felt fear days battle received answer course fear brave didn king david fear wrote twenty psalm doubt want hear voice reciting yea walk valley shadow death fear evil thou art remembered heard imagined voice renewed strength skill going hear real voice minutes face grew sharp immense starred roof walking fast threads color woven gray web
margot poem read quiet voice classroom rain falling aw didn write protested boys margot william teacher yesterday rain slackening children crushed thick windows teacher hurry miss turned feverish wheel tumbling spokes margot stood frail girl looked lost rain rain washed blue eyes red mouth yellow hair photograph dusted album whitened spoke voice ghost stood separate staring rain loud wet huge glass re looking william margot speak re spoken gave shove move let moved edged look felt play games echoing tunnels underground city tagged ran stood blinking follow class sang songs happiness games lips barely moved sang sun summer lips move watched drenched windows
dusk tom toppling village full moaning weeping dragon brought greater destruction eaten fifty sheep set fire bill barn granny wilkinson cottage burned ground wild fear families packing belongings carts ready flee stood amazed sight group weary knees weeping exhaustion village strong rushed help women brought cider cheese refresh tom instructions cannonballs row houses faced sea view morning activity houses mortar mixed gardens loads stones bricks carried sat roofs shouted chimneys giving instructions worked inside tom giving instructions inspecting gazed sea watching dragon dragon finished tom satisfaction nightfall think jack pray parson humanly save village let await morning faith bed full hope rest village tom helpers full wonder puzzlement tom secret tom
prefer half filled glass water half empty glass water glasses amount water wouldn matter took description sounds positive slim skinny slim skinny basic meaning denotation additional meanings appeal feelings word connotation brings mind feelings images memories react positive slim negative skinny words connotations experiences word connotations word spring pleasant connotations thinks spring season sunny days enjoyable outdoor activities word unpleasant connotations remembers spring season floods tornado destroyed home reacts emotionally words writers speakers select words think reactions try persuade audiences readers words strong emotional appeal ask thoughtful voters compare record opponent think find professional politician bending interests big business labor line shoes fall love exciting designs beautiful stitching warm stylish colors campaigning politician called audience thoughtful compliment listeners accept politician says
plan point divides bay open sea find white rock seen evening ben gunn hidden boat thing worth believe allowed leave stockade plan slip looking bad thing wrong things fell found fine opportunity squire trelawney gray busy helping captain bandages clear started thickest trees missed reach friends foolish thing leaving saying word help saving took straight east coast island wanted sea side point seen bay late afternoon warm sunny tall woods hear thunder waves blowing trees soon air began feel cool steps farther open saw sea lying blue sun waves tossing shore walked waves pleasure till thinking south thick bushes moved carefully middle point
awakened morning clear voice calling edge woods doctor cried glad hear sound knew wrong ashamed face doctor doctor top morning sir cried silver friendly voice george son help doctor fence happy ran john voice manner surprise sir continued young stranger looking fine slept tree john side side night jim jim silver doctor stopped speak able move duty pleasure let look sick moment later house nod talked naturally took manner acted happened re friend narrow escape head hard iron goes pretty color liver upside medicine pirates doctor doctor pleasant lose king gallows
thing island stored treasure put board water salt meat fine morning sailed north inlet fellows watching closely thought sailed shore saw knees arms held begged leave die place seeing ship stop seized gun shot whistling silver head cover looked shoreline longer clear distance noon joy highest rock island view short person board captain lay chair stern gave orders weak duties sailed nearest port spanish america safe try journey home hands sun setting sailed beautiful bay lights nearby town happy change dark bloody stay island doctor trelawney shore spend early part night met captain english ship pleasant breaking returned hispaniola
frankly wasn crazy visiting nursing home reminded hospitals hospitals turn mean smell ether makes nauseous feel faint sight blood approached terrible cemetery kind begin sorry avoided trip felt guilty loaded guilt complexes driving madman promising father careful sitting parking lot looking nursing home dread thinking cindy thought christmas birthday gifts grandmother car guilty usual inside surprised lack hospital smell odor maybe absence odor air antiseptic sterile atmosphere caught cold suddenly couldn taste smell nurse reception desk gave directions grandmother east tiled corridor glad walls painted cheerful colors yellow pink wheelchair suddenly shot corner propelled white haired toothless cackled merrily barely missed jumped getting wiped mile hour wheelchair seventy pike walked corridor seeking east couldn help glancing rooms kind wax museum figures attitudes sitting beds chairs standing windows frozen forever postures
earliest times tried ways produce rain magicians imitated thunder lightning rain beating drums burning torches spitting water air frogs abundance rainfall primitive tribes thought animals fell sky rain hung frogs trees rainmaking magic performed hope sky understand wanted later began notice natural conditions cold temperatures large fires volcanic eruptions precede rainfall including meteorologists began scientific methods cannons sorts explosive devices fired clouds general daniel ruggles patented idea balloons carry torpedoes air test device proved numbers traveled country elaborate machines big claims calling professors doctors took advantage farmers desperately needed rain crops rainmaker half box car rainmaking attempts chemicals smoked car roof stove pipe famous rainmaker macdonald called honest rainmaker noisy steaming machine lively personality basis popular play movie rainmaker charles hatfield traveling sewing machine salesman tank secret chemicals top high platform attract rain clouds managed earn inch rain flee area disastrous flood rainmaking efforts scientists agree effectiveness modern rainmaking technique cloud seeding
aaron want admit danger knew find shelter freeze death ordinary storm mighty blizzard snowfall reached knees hands numb longer feel toes choked breathed nose felt wood rubbed snow zlateh bleating began sound crying humans confidence dragged trap aaron began pray god innocent animal suddenly shape hill wondered piled snow huge heap moved dragging zlateh realized large haystack snow blanketed aaron realized immediately saved effort dug snow village boy knew reached hay hollowed nest goat matter cold hay warm hay food zlateh moment smelled contented began eat snow continued fall quickly covered passageway aaron dug boy animal need breathe air aaron bored kind window hay snow carefully passage clear zlateh eaten fill sat hind legs confidence
thor heyerdahl born norway centuries home seafaring scientist explorer heyerdahl spent trying solve riddles ancient civilizations captured imagination voyage tiki main purpose voyage test heyerdahl theory mysterious race floated westward pacific inhabit polynesia ago evidence theory heyerdahl cited striking similarities stone statues pyramids peru islands polynesia legends inca indians peru likely leader mysterious seafarers tiki high priest sun king defeated battle ancient incas heyerdahl theory received experts believed impossible wooden rafts survive mile ocean voyage lasting months heyerdahl determined prove theory reasonable making voyage type raft tiki experts predicted disaster journey began april coast peru raft constructed logs bamboo rope raft named tiki heyerdahl daring companions spent months drifting westward ocean wilderness faced frightful storms ocean monsters disasters occasions august tiki reached island polynesia ending fascinating sea adventures heyerdahl book adventure tiki translated sixty languages won oscar documentary film subject
month army wrote friend letter inquiring dog received reply camp farther afield camp wrote letter answer began write friends village letter asked news dog answered spoke dog spook dead thought answer gave making inquiries tried put dog mind passed war married wife lived city summer small house upstate village vacation packed bags car wife suddenly looked suppose run spook spook dead shortly minute arrived village drove garage tank half full left car office friend greeted week passed meeting war question dog finally couldn stand longer blurted happened spook happened friend hale hearty saw relief sharp room anger bewildered mean saw don
belong beef cattle peoples road met didn shake hands busy feeding cattle fixing fences putting salt lick shelters throwing hay white folks poisoned herd stayed night rifles hands walked mile half sight barber accept doctrines farming raising cattle style didn tell didn ask dee married sat eat didn eat pork unclean corn bread greens talked blue streak sweet potatoes delighted fact benches daddy table couldn afford buy chairs mama cried turned barber knew lovely benches feel rump prints running hands underneath bench gave sigh hand closed grandma dee butter dish knew wanted ask jumped table corner churn stood milk looked churn looked churn top need didn uncle buddy whittle tree yes uh huh happily
sure sure dad led upstairs bedroom lie put cold rag head easy began cry dad let die buried person story edgar allan poe think awful screaming paying attention forbid leave house dad worried lie rest afternoon locked door heard mother talking front room stopped crying tiptoed window room upstairs high took sheet bed tied bedpost let window climbed window touched ground ran garage quiet couple shovels ran empty lot hotter started dig dug screaming woman screamed hard shoving shovel lifting rocks glass knew afternoon maybe wouldn finish run tell mom dad pay attention digging ten minutes later dippy smith path empty lot age goes school hi margaret hi dippy gasped asked digging
downstairs hear tromping police police place doors yanked open drawers yanked open windows shot pulled furniture fell dull thumps half dozen policemen emerged darkness front hallway upstairs began floor pulled beds walls tore clothes hooks closets pulled suitcases boxes shelves found roy won pool tournament looky joe strumming big paw cop named joe took turned asked guinea pig sleep true pet guinea pig sleep joe cop looked put shelf sign cop spoken mother guy explained jerking thumb lady historical nodded looked small silence heard creaking attic grandfather turning bed snapped joe cops sprang attic door intervene explain realized bad burst grandfather unannounced announced going phase believed general meade steady hammering stonewall jackson beginning retreat desert
kevin wandered room tell going burn track college classes start week later mitch mirror drew magnet talking stood minutes combing hair standing study effect lay bed watching mitch suddenly saw kevin sign clearly flashed neon lights watching burst laughing tickled couldn stop laughing kevin left disgustedly muttering breath tell weird mitch call anni moment impulse control needed week anyway needed try thing needed opportunity change smiled class spoke met corridors thought detected puzzled question eyes wondered imagination guilty conscience week study situation discount store trying size redding manager hiring didn help guys knew worked shrug tell redding strong fouled job let mitch thought store school browse making point nodding slight balding met aisle
father fault built hall haunted chamber mine father furnished pink yellow knowing blue gray combination colors bear merely spite declined live room father live lawn didn care night ran house jumped cliff sea bit hasty master heard returned ghost realized drowned drowned week sea nymph informed followers forever adding doom haunt hall hour christmas eve rest eternity haunt room christmas eve found occupied turn occupied spend alloted hour head house sell place required purchaser divulge awful secret house mean tell christmas eve don happen guest chamber going haunt extinguishing fire soaking skin demanded master exactly oglethorpe water ghost slightest difference find room empty douse spectral pres
october radio play invasion mars created nationwide panic stands today unique event american history hour single radio broadcast turned calm sunday night living nightmare million citizens firmly convinced coming end result attack monsters planet mars single radio show created terror invasion mars based famous wells war worlds regular sunday night presentation mercury theatre popular radio show dramatized short story week plays directed orson welles starred broadcast coast coast cbs radio stations play presented series news flashes special bulletins names real places common regular programs interrupted special news items television public relied radio current news presenting invasion mars series news flashes play extremely realistic subject matter stuff fantasy science fiction program began announcement columbia broadcasting system affiliated stations present orson welles mercury theatre air radio play howard koch suggested wells war worlds play interrupted station break included announcements play
relieved cap kiser worked arm free blankets clawed onions hair ears coughed gasped wheezed leaned kiser mary call luther recognize burden onions blankets kiser chest rose fell tongue licked lips colorless eyes staring mine filled bewilderment sister croaked sister sister dyin beg truth dyin early try reasoning slippery onions front devola steaming black brew turpentine boiled cupful devola fixing night supper eat ham slice fry midnight kiser able talk sense fried ham devola biscuits thick real butter sourwood honey sustained nest onions warmed oily blankets kiser skin suddenly changed hue fever ebbed took papery look curled toilet set happening mary call look kiser partly awake hovering queer ambience consciousness unconsciousness exhausted eyes trying place drained mouth groping sound throat chopped mary call yes kiser wha trouble re sick kiser awful sick helping devola
miss sniffed worrying re cities blind panic miss garden looked calmly monstrous mile high figures invaders week ago landed spaceship hundred miles settled gently arizona desert thousand spaceship walking miss pointed hurt substantial affect stepped stepped house sudden darkness moved foot walked couldn paid attention human beings attempts communicate failed attacks army air force shells fired exploded inside didn hurt bomb dropped crossing desert area bothered slightest paid attention miss sister miss married proof don mean harm hope amanda miss sister look re clear sky bright blue heads shoulders giants mile clearly visible getting misty miss saw sister gaze upward
writer word words cartoon strongest effect cartoon writer satisfied word spoke answered words convey emotional effect neutral tone wants word emotional effect trying communicate readers words basic meanings denotations addition words connotations feelings associate ideas experiences words represent words connotations terribly frightened snake hissed strong effect hissed suggest air escaping toy balloon businesses advertisers depend emotional reactions words careful choose names descriptive words likely create positive emotional reactions products south seas adventure collection fine furniture natural woods bamboo blouses fashion darlings decorated sweet innocence delicate lace words adventure fine furniture natural darlings sweet innocence delicate lace trigger automatic positive emotional responses statements opinion tell products sentence tell furniture wood bamboo rest sentence intentionally loaded emotional language effort persuade informing price furniture imported implied statement sentence vague material blouses need dry cleaned
wasn sure liked mrs sherman tiny thing silvery silver hair silver eyebrows silver lashes silver glasses gray eyes silver look sister says impossible silver eyes look thought kind talked proud talking trying walk eggshells cracking saw walking corridor wandering kind lost sad look heart mom says wouldn arts crafts room bring downstairs stopped glared mischief give children crayons coloring books coloring books honestly told thinking cranky things re making nice mrs paul painting prettiest flowers making lovely ashtray mrs paul couldn paint side barn held brush answered call sickening clay ashtrays requires charity blindness dear soothing voice heard nurses seen turned voice real sharp dear young lady perfectly
tower iron took truck engine rose tangle tin cans rusting appliances cases tower grandest bits concrete carl worked madman blocks side tower tiny boy snow jacket big stones top weighed hundred maybe hundred pounds towers stood middle smoke smell garbage dump taller house size arranged perfect triangle beautiful weird feel quiet inside trucker helper stopped looked noticed carl wasn picking bit debating shack opened flap sacking front looked carl lot rats called office nearest phone told crazy carl dead police newspaper excitement started carl forgotten fuss towers art critic city paper looked brought engineer photographer pretty soon mayor getting picture front strange columns
death slay wings disturbs peace pharaoh supposedly curse inscribed tablet found tutankhamun tomb tablet disappeared concrete proof existed theory howard carter tablet curse secret feared egyptian laborers depended curse seriously refuse dig fascinated mysteries supernatural quick believe mummy curse especially lord carnarvon died shortly tomb opened according carnarvon son news father death reached london father favorite dog began howl sat hind legs fell dead forty directly indirectly involved opening tomb died believers curse claimed deaths suddenly peculiar circumstances cautious observers analysts unconvinced story curse point tablet curse written conveniently vanished lord carnarvon sick caught fever died logical explanations deaths blamed curse carter discovered unearthed opened explored tomb refused believe curse carter prime target nasty sudden ending died natural age sixty living average english curse tutankhamun died boy king age eighteen
grown door fringe city fields woods orchards sight lovely bell tower belonged school blind twenty seen nearly playful comfortable warmth talk love newt catharine early afternoon newt knocked catharine front door catharine door carrying fat glossy magazine reading magazine devoted entirely brides newt surprised walk shy person catharine covered shyness speaking absently concerned secret agent pausing briefly mission beautiful distant sinister points manner speaking newt style matters concerned desperately walk catharine foot front newt leaves bridges idea town minute army months private class artillery uniform rumpled shoes dusty needed shave held hand magazine let pretty book gave getting married newt let walk busy newt wedding week
phonic ear actually small radio receiver received amplified signals solid transmitter worn teachers born hearing impairment jim disadvantage classes lip reader lip reading percent effective teachers thinking turned faces talking making grades struggle began phonic ear heard teachers grades shot reason assigned advanced physics class course held basement floor classrooms school undergoing renovation wing added school cafeteria west end heavy equipment caterpillars backhoes digging foundations evidently weight ruptured natural gas line leading basement realizing late class jim turned school building rocked explosion smoke debris belched basement stairwell fire upper floors gotten escape numbed jim watched school consumed fire ambulances lights flashing stood ready victims victims reached jim turned volume control phonic ear listening rise fall static exercise helplessness suddenly volume high thought heard tiny weak voice flat jim turned phonic ear listened static uncomfortable ears
kid carnival ran farm picked bad kid learn carnival met australian taught escape rope ties found concentrated escapes worked fair living act devoted getting rope ties handcuffs didn hit big money joined war blowing horn joe ferris acknowledge happened needed class mediocre performers barn storming country cheap carnivals put ranks names forgotten robert thurston harry harry houdini carl master mechanic locksmith father germany taught accumulated knowledge generations summed sentence locked likewise opened provided key instrument accomplishment indispensable myth look key hours later duplicate memory traveled finest portable power driven metal lathe key cutter plug hotel room outlet emergencies run battery car
cut curt swing body walked fire stooping slowness unlike laid dutch oven flame grub box put yellow mixing bowl table flour shortening salt stood moment mixing bowl looking john mercy share tom fetch pail water stood father break trees viewing yellow gray ground valley floor running condensed wall mist knew dead gentleness tone father tired waste speaking future orchard front spot father pretty look house house stand re standing firs silent drawing future forward finding comfort free land free earn acre don trust word free don believe didn pay pay wait free die cut small firs inches split half floor puncheons
boy shouldered space left departing family soon occupied steven turned face began bad effect genetic structure practically living thing earth steven looked blankly barber drew quick breath began explanation distinctive characteristics species governed genes reproductive systems genes told son extremely sensitive radiation sufficiently exposed altered radically leopard say born spots pass characteristic young entire species unspotted wide scale happened course didn happen overnight showed species took generations couple rail turned giving unobstructed view frolicking seals moment saw streaks silvery brown beneath surface pool attendant green uniform bearing large basket fish appeared tossed samples pool surface pool exploded foam seals torpedoed snatch meals impossible occasional snout soon attendant stepped concrete apron directly front steven father seals catapulted water boosting attendant instant delighted murmurs crowd bull cows young
jessie leaned forward peered room door alex held ajar room lived filled moon grown shadow shapes jessie drew quickly instant thought saw girl face ellie think charlie brought flowers garden ellie passed window alex laid hand rough opening wall voice softer ellie dying tuberculosis couldn let live family lots houses extra room attached families protect members alex put protective arm jessie slim waist charlie sat beneath window ago played mouth harp ellie evenings ellie died jessie caught sad story buried family cemetery alex shook head darkness ellie buried buried jessie tone shocked frightened family couldn bring put ellie ground beautiful girl gifted youngest child yes jessie barely heard charlie ghostly presence felt cold lightest touches family ellie house grandmother charlie died week noticed grieved ellie charlie hired hand orphan today charlie birthday cry jessie suppose orphan charlie birthday present caught fever
saw mama alive undergoing tests find caused epilepsy leaned kiss looked doctors took test say crazy tell daddy wanted things lay bed night listen fits earlier younger girl lay awake listen fights night shouting sister whispered stillness awake mumbled stirred wanted things thought supposed knew knew mama dropped dead hospital hall month child born series tests try find epilepsy visit laughed talked baby coming grandchild friday february raining started early aunt uncle buddy standing reception area rushed saying wait wait visiting hours minutes noticed going wards started aunt going mama mama dead
renegades soon realized wish granted thanks enemy changed bodies fly birds full hate impulse find fellows refused change form proudly display help enemy achieved surprise seeing fellows fled panic seeing shape longer recognized brothers form endowed evil caused horror disgust rest animals feared suffer change renegades surprised behavior fellows arrogance pride felt form believe superior decided leave fellows forever live birds admired took air birds saw featherless creatures flew image evil forbade approach refused truth dawn renegades understood belonged family animal single ran flew despised avoided realized trying undo aid evil creator achieved monstrosity fled horror gained end fulfilled ambition
stolid perpetually harassed sat kitchen table swatting flies look happy scanned air flies gunner checking night sky enemy planes ears pricked telltale buzz sighting quarry swooped smote table mighty blow fly flew mrs woman retained youthful style standing kitchen stove boiling water winced report flyswatter stared grimly table cologne wears grumbled sunset called mrs serenely mounted surprise attack fly missed smells fruit punch attracts flies thing sure trouble son insane fascination italy responsible flies kitchen mrs walked kitchen table coffeepot hand poured hot water husband cup withdrew packet apron pocket broke open emptied cup finality looked kitchen table didn cup hot water dissolving watch diet mrs diet growled word sound obscene found diet laugh town diet doctor mrs began age age spat words
young cutter eating sandwich looked fellow heard looked shoulder remark hurt going house finding living didn felt inside noise deafening barely shapes dust saw coming stopped smile wave fellows knew watched electric saws move hypnotic cutting huge blocks stone saw water coming cool blades sight brought took coat draping jacket big wooden chair drove wooden wedges cut block limestone physical unaccustomed felt water fell sweat poured timer lost teeth ago watched grinning gums looked fountain couldn tell pouring sweat water overhead didn care watched circular saws spinning enormous limestone columns chisels indenting grooves making look greek ionic doric wanted quarry shop part worked block limestone tired breath happened sooner expected
policeman beat moved avenue ten clock night part town early hours tried door business place twirling club turned cast watchful eye quiet street officer fine picture guardian peace midway block policeman suddenly slowed walk doorway darkened hardware store leaned unlighted cigar mouth policeman walked spoke quickly officer reassuringly waiting friend appointment twenty ago sounds funny ago restaurant hardware store stands called big joe brady restaurant torn ago policeman doorway struck match lit cigar light showed pale square face keen eyes white scar eyebrow twenty ago tonight dined jimmy wells chum finest chap raised york brothers eighteen jimmy twenty morning start west fortune couldn dragged jimmy york thought place earth agreed night meet exactly twenty date matter conditions
predicament lost horse trail happened pere marquette park southern illinois north st louis bordering mississippi river forty orienteering outing orienteering sort road rally foot invented scandinavia swedish boy scout troop leader noticed boys getting bored cross country running changed race find seek game giving scouts maps compasses find place place preplanned route basically thing today starts minutes runs course trick find dozen control points faster front map tells control points compass helps course orienteering outing happen accident members orienteering club dozens nationwide plan arrange course advance clubs match experience obstacles beginner intermediate advanced courses newcomer listened especially closely instructions leaders orienteering club amazed found control points bushes logs deep thicket alongside marsh trouble colored crayon string control point mark score card prove control point colored marker cheat marks stop admit point tempted cheat
portions speeches fund raising dinner alderman abner smith reacted statements audience beg swayed criticisms recently alderman smith referring outrageous figures printed daily news low attendance city council meetings article guardian daily visits race track person warm smile friendly manner alderman smith city matter spends consider facts determining alderman smith worthy reelection ninth twelve children family father poor electrician mother took sewing ends meet alderman smith put college law school money family educate children careful listener realized speaker justifies conclusion alderman smith reelected offers evidence directly supports conclusion guilty ignoring question shifting attention real issue speaker answer charges alderman smith provide reasons smith behavior newspapers printed articles suggesting smith avoids duties articles includes figures prove chance information correct
yes yes thought going dream sure giving dinner darmstadt darmstadt american yes darmstadt america yes giving dinner glass tables tables sang il il sort table women remembered eyes twinkled gaily pondered smile yes nice nice deal delightful putting words expressing thoughts awake noticing gleam light peeping wool curtains cheerfully dropped feet edge sofa felt slippers present birthday embroidered wife gold colored morocco stretched hand getting place dressing gown hung bedroom suddenly remembered sleeping wife room study smile vanished face knitted brows ah ah ah oo groaned recalling happened recalled detail quarrel wife realized hopelessness situation tormenting thought fault
smiled knew feeling levin girls divided classes class girls sorts human weaknesses ordinary class weaknesses sort higher humanity wait sauce holding levin hand pushed sauce levin obediently helped sauce let dinner stop minute stop minute understand question death spoken speak re utterly unlike tastes views re fond understand god sake straightforward tell think smiling say wife wonderful woman sighed remembering position wife moment silence resumed gift foreseeing things sees knows pass especially marriages foretold instance princess marry believe pass side
ball beginning kitty mother walked grand staircase flooded light lined flowers powder red livery rooms constant steady hum beehive rustle movement landing plants gave touches hair dresses mirror heard ballroom careful distinct notes fiddles orchestra beginning waltz civilian clothes arranging gray curls mirror smelling perfume stumbled stairs stood evidently admiring kitty beardless youth society youths prince called young bucks exceedingly open vest straightening white tie bowed running ask kitty promise youth officer glove stood doorway stroking mustache admired rosy kitty dress preparations ball cost kitty trouble consideration moment walked ballroom elaborate tulle dress pink slip easily naturally rosettes lace minute details attire cost family moment attention born tulle lace hair high head rose leaves top
home levin asked details kitty illness plans ashamed admit pleased heard pleased hope pleased suffer suffering began speak kitty illness mentioned levin cut short family matters tell truth interest smiled perceptibly catching instantaneous change knew levin face gloomy bright minute settled forest asked levin yes settled price excellent thirty thousand rest bothering give forest levin gloomily mean humored smile knowing levin eyes forest worth hundred fifty rubles acre answered levin farmers playfully tone contempt poor townsfolk comes business assure figured forest bringing price afraid fellow changing mind fact
rain arrived shaft horse trotting full speed dragging trace horses galloping mud reins hanging loose sun peeped roofs summer villas lime trees gardens sides principal streets sparkled wet brilliance twigs pleasant drip roofs rushing streams water thought shower spoiling race track rejoicing thanks rain sure find home knew lately returned foreign spa moved petersburg hoping find alighted avoid attracting attention crossing bridge walked house steps front yard master asked gardener sir mistress home front door servants gardener answered open door garden feeling wanting surprise promised today certainly expect races walked holding sword stepping cautiously sandy path bordered flowers terrace looked garden
early june happened nurse housekeeper carrying cellar jar mushrooms pickled slipped fell sprained wrist district doctor talkative young medical student finished studies examined wrist broken delighted chance talking celebrated sergey ivanovich show advanced views things told gossip district complaining poor district council fallen sergey ivanovich listened attentively asked questions roused listener talked uttered keen weighty observations respectfully appreciated young doctor soon eager frame mind brother knew inevitably brilliant eager conversation departure doctor wanted fishing rod river sergey ivanovich fond angling proud fond stupid occupation levin presence needed fields meadows brother trap turning point summer crops present certainty begins think sowing harvest hand rye formed ears light full gray green waves wind green oats tufts yellow grass scattered droop irregularly late sown fields early buckwheat hiding ground fallow land trodden hard stone cattle half plowed paths hard touched plow dry manure heaps carted fields comes sunset smell manure mingled odor grasses low lands riverside meadows thick sea grass waiting mowing heaps sorrel stalks
landowner yes thing mikhail petrovich ask call rational system landowner obviously proud word rational system simple mikhail petrovich thank god management rests getting money ready autumn taxes peasants father master help peasants neighbors feels advances says remember boys helped help need sowing oats hay cutting harvest agrees taxpayer dishonest true levin familiar patriarchal methods exchanged glances interrupted mikhail petrovich turning gentleman gray mustache think asked system adopt nowadays manage mikhail petrovich let land half crop rent peasants general prosperity country ruined land serf labor management gave yield half crop system yields russia ruined emancipation looked smiling eyes levin faint gesture irony levin think landowner words absurd understood
meeting steps drove intended italian opera sat acts saw wanted returning home carefully scrutinized coat stand noticing military overcoat usual room contrary usual habit bed walked study till clock morning feeling furious anger wife observe stipulation laid receive lover house gave peace complied request bound punish carry threat obtain divorce son knew difficulties connected course carry threat countess lydia ivanovna hinted situation late obtaining divorces brought perfection saw possibility overcoming formal difficulties misfortunes singly affairs reorganization native population irrigation lands province brought official worries late continual condition extreme irritability sleep night fury growing sort giant progression reached highest limits morning
rose table levin liked follow kitty drawing room afraid dislike obviously paying attention remained ring taking part general conversation looking kitty aware movements looks place drawing room smallest effort promise think conversation fell village commune saw sort special principle called choral principle levin agree brother special attitude admitting admitting significance russian commune talked simply trying reconcile soften differences interested wanted happy contented knew thing importance thing drawing room began moving stop door turning felt eyes fixed smile help turning standing doorway looking thought going piano going
riches face lord heart maybe sell bazaar saturday say turned real dollars piece kate says cost say saved swapped dozen sugar flour cakes cost tull eggs saved engaged sell found eggs cakes gave word kate says lord heart folks ideas honesty folks place question decree reckon say turned real quilt drawn chin hot hands face propped pillow head raised window hear takes saw deaf watch face hear face wasted bones draw skin white lines
finally accord wore damn thing haul god thought maybe sort fool ethics heaven medical college maybe vernon tull sending getting nick vernon things getting money read weather sign knew couldn knew luckless need doctor face cyclone knew finally occurred needed late reach spring hitch team sun bank black cloud topheavy mountain range load cinders dumped wind hear cash sawing mile standing top bluff path horse say jewel says ketch hit walk reckon
begin run run edge porch stop begin cry feel fish dust cut pieces fish blood hands overalls wasn happened getting ahead catch trees look chickens ruffle cool dust hot days jump porch fish cut fish hear bed face feel floor shake walks fat son bitch jump porch running top barn comes swooping twilight jump pink lady circus warm smelling wait hands grab bushes beneath feet rocks dirt breathe warm smelling enter stall trying touch cry vomit crying soon kicking cry crying
tell lived fifteen durn imagined lot things coming durn thought body days dead woman hard taking comes laid hearing commence rain thinking squatting wagon rain roof thinking rachel crying hear crying asleep smelling knowed couldn couldn decide wasn knowing morning heard hitching knowed ready front road bridge heard wagon lot hope house rachel jumped wasn breakfast tell decide mean thing durn haven change mind thinking meant
finally say wanted gal boy wagon bridge looking thought maybe outen wagon thing kind blow find yonder field laying house waiting die let mule says bridge shaking swaying going water clean side earth end coming outen water wasn bridge tall walk outen water side bottom earth tell end swagged didn look end swagged trees bank yonder swinging slow big clock logs scraping bumping sunk part tilting end shooting clean outen water tumbling ford waiting slick whirling foamy says team find ford haul mules ten mules
end rope fast tree edge stream knee deep stands bent forward watching vernon rapt absorption stopped yelling wet armpits vernon end rope shoulder deep river looking says git tree hold rope slip backs rope tree moving blindly watching vernon looks eyes round dazed looks vernon posture rapt alertness hammer vernon says looks chalk line floated floated clean jewel says wont find saw reckon vernon says looks water chalk line aint talked jewel says entering water looks roused talk says pa say follow jewel water rope feels alive hand faintly prolonged resonant arc vernon watching says let washes say hold rope current curling shoulders
dark doorway materialise darkness lean race horse beginning glare leaps ground face expression furious unbelief seen turning head eyes glare swims small torches says leaping slope barn instant longer runs silver moonlight springs flat figure cut tin abrupt soundless explosion loft barn takes fire stuffed powder front conical facade square orifice doorway broken square squat shape coffin sawhorses bug comes relief pa gillespie mack dewey dell emerge house pauses coffin stooping looking face furious overhead flames sound thunder rushes cool draft heat handful chaff lifts suddenly sucks swiftly stalls horse screaming quick say horses glares moment longer roof overhead leaps stall horse screams plunges kicks sound crashing blows sucking sound flames
wasn send jackson gillespie sue knowed set fire dont knowed swore told dewey dell told tell gillespie knowed sooner later night watching acted pa reckon aint jewel want fix fix pa catch tie jewel goddamn want wait sets fire goddamn team wagon wasn aint wait till underground fellow going spend rest locked let pleasure goes reckon pa says god knows trial aint end bad luck starts aint sho ere say crazy aint think aint pure crazy aint pure sane balance talks
stopped borrow shovels heard playing house shovels pa says reckon house cash peabody jewel wont minute pa wagon music playing let jewel half let reckon pa says borrowed set wagon music wasn playing reckon thing aint ere reckon wouldn tall listening dont music aint nicest thing fellow comes tired night aint rest music played resting shuts hand grip handle fellow carry wants reckon jewel says toted shovels ten times let aint spry remember didn let leg fixed start home tomorrow
breakfast table father eating egg mother eating egg gloria sitting high chair eating egg frances eating bread jam lovely egg father thing fond breakfast soft boiled egg yes mother spooning egg baby thing start ah gloria ate egg frances eat egg sang song sang song softly say frances asked father frances spreading jam slice bread eating bread jam asked father lovely soft boiled egg reasons bread jam frances slide spoon funny course father fond soft boiled eggs breakfast kinds eggs sunny side sunny side eggs yes frances sunny side eggs lie plate look funny sunny side eggs lie stomachs wait scrambled eggs father scrambled eggs fall fork roll table frances think school mother
poached egg frances orange juice mother frances poached egg gloria poached egg baby eggs mother bread jam hungry frances ate bread jam school bell rang lunch frances sat friend albert today frances cream cheese cucumber tomato sandwich rye bread albert pickle hard boiled egg cardboard shaker salt thermos bottle milk bunch grapes cup custard spoon eat frances opened lunch bread jam milk re lucky albert don trade frances bread jam dinner night breakfast morning certainly lucky albert yes frances lucky girl guess trade want albert cream cheese cucumbers tomatoes rye albert took napkins lunch box tucked napkin chin
spaghetti meatballs favorite mother try spaghetti gloria um gloria tried spaghetti frances looked plate saw spaghetti meatballs slice bread jar jam frances began cry goodness mother frances crying matter asked father frances looked plate sang sad song sang softly mother father scarcely hear want spaghetti meatballs frances idea liked spaghetti meatballs mother won try asked frances wiping eyes mother gave frances spaghetti meatballs ate bell rang lunch albert today frances laying paper doily desk setting tiny vase violets middle let arranged lunch doily thermos bottle cream tomato soup lobster salad sandwich thin slices white bread celery carrot sticks black olives cardboard shaker salt celery plums tiny basket cherries vanilla pudding chocolate sprinkles spoon eat lunch albert
josef toth mother died mysteriously death family tragedy economic hardship happened mother big jovial talkative woman resist joke reasons son josef ready smile acquaintance warm hearted woman sitting casual group supper home look russian flag hungarian flag group night trusted friend sought temporary advantage budapest bitter struggle food reporting mrs toth protecting organization generally known protecting special group originally highly selected group small truck called toth home agents hauled mrs toth saw months returned home terror situation apparent smiled assured family happened hands resolutely met queries reply happened fell sick exhaustion starvation torture suffered prison apparent certainly going die let drop hints safety family happen spy midst give son josef idea happened
report young communists chosen party top honors reacted faced choice communism patriotism histories leaders russia find nightmares young intellectuals free countries think communism fun alternative react red dictatorship actually engulf top loved books son laborer eligible education high school level memorable family high party official watching head need young books sixteen replied earn university education communist explained experience factory factory asked frail older factory experience job working drill press electrical factory budapest strong applied extraordinary energy month month exceeded quota favorite communist bosses soon appointed leader study group working hours picking karl marx lenin stalin
communist chosen joined wholeheartedly fight lies oppression communism nep offices rapidly complete ruin big windows official communist propaganda nep bookstore university students fed forever trash store sold broken windows knocked door tossing communist rubbish street vigor joined crowd helping pitch hateful books looking approvingly workman truck poured gasoline pile set ablaze hours students dedicated books helped burning communist propaganda sickening feeling burning books wild light fires ugly face stalin lay gutter leering metallic wonderment pitching books fire arms tired hero flaming patriot fighting hungary freedom partly accident defected communism intelligent young knows circumstances actions pressing hand black hair confesses riots occurred communist willing support regime horror admitted
keeping trouble wandered radio station found mass demonstrating front building horror shots fired vantage point sandor street watched rapid deterioration situation ultimate wrecking studio late home riots disrupted trolley service enforced walk showed clearly widespread rioting night told wife going lot shooting tomorrow stay indoors boredom staying home soon grew eva pal post office communists tried believe happened laughed usual fewer eva says firing heard river stopped pretending sounds riots continuing suddenly communists began talking clear lot hoped fighting noon closed post office think leading communists hurried guns main communists office joined revolutionists pal adventurous means revolutionist kind supports revolutions emotionally period ten clear
rumors infected city tragic claimed united nations shortly intervene hungary behalf eva pal habit listening american radio free europe stations programs blanketed communist jamming stations messages hope received unfortunately convinced united nations united states land paratroopers budapest tanks expeditionary force proved rumors false agency intention apparently successful revolution foreboding sense left isolated crept city partially dispelled jokes irrepressible hungarians circulated pal took wife remains stalin statue stalin square empty boots stood hungarian flag jutting don call stalin square longer laughed square visitor didn pull statue dropped wrist watch front russian fool stalin bent appreciated jokes ridiculed stupidity communist government actually broadcast plea persons serving prison sentences murder willful manslaughter robbery burglary larceny theft left prison october reason served thirds sentence report immediately nearest criminal police headquarters
russians brave assault unarmed city took command hill rocky height rises feet sheer sweep western shore danube top hill russians sped mobile heavy artillery enormous stores ammunition shells guns landed terrifying force apartment houses government buildings measured nearly feet vastly destructive hill highest point budapest russian command entire city guns established monument erected russian soldiers helped drive hitler budapest looked directly main bridges spanned danube connected pest north powerful guns fire town castle hill handsome collection narrow streets quaint houses historic sites russians knew high explosive shells blow town completely east river guns pinpoint university buildings railway stations museums radio studio factories spot continued resistance infuriated russians sagging gutted remnants kilian barracks soldiers officers held fact massive guns hill destroyed budapest respects weapon russian commander arsenal addition ruthless foot soldiers soviet army vicinity going rough
job hand accept prisoners street willing talk experts procedure direct prisoner cellar arrived frightened uncertain future found effective explain absolutely unqualified phrases hope rescue judge reach say coldly family won definitely let correspond say stay don care stay till die beat starve torture till re senseless hear cry want thing information inspector ask soften prisoner beaten plan led solitary cell big hold cot windows water steel door peep holes brilliant light turned stay snarled sleep hands flat blanket
succeeded experience prison prison horrible imagination conceive accept months sane left guards threw animals meat laughing fought tore inadequate chunks voice announce loud speaker friends escaped hatred built clever tailor brave crew terrifying guards knew inhuman caught months later trying flee hungary brought led prison prison voice loud speaker cried escape caused misfortunes minutes recaptured prisoner thrown mates torn pieces conceived plan hardened point totally incapable softness displayed budapest dreary nights barrenness cruelty pairs guards formed attachments batch young guards arrived older study attentively occasion noticed handsome young country districts promptly overtures guard repulsed week young mysteriously reported holding cigarette money collected prisoners
awakening magnitude begins spread nation communist leaders aware impracticality promises steps silence protests naturally begin arise simple police pick sentence jail intellectuals begin empty promises simple task completed police begin arrest workingmen asking pay increases begin housewives want bread cheaper shoes children clergymen started protest earlier round arrests soon ordinary police begin balk senseless arrests special police organized find difficult believe reason hungarians say naive instituted communist country communist leaders intend instrument national torture think frightened bureaucrats call firm intention controlling keeping simple force operate protect position later dr frankenstein find created uncontrollable monster ultimately evil grasp reason hungarian friends communism took nation important leader trained russia soviet citizens moscow carefully taught communism rely terror arrived control budapest carried pockets precise plans
house belongs family took half build planning stages furniture moved worked worked months worked hours building house wood trees construction square feet glass pounds nails square feet plasterboard square feet tile tons concrete ton brick gallons paint house bigger expensive houses built important house built skilled professional workers care craft process began architect gene upper asked design house seen houses gene designed liked owned piece land wanted build large comfortable vacation house summer weekends wanted bedroom bathroom bedroom bathroom daughter melissa bedroom guests small den music room living room dining area kitchen house home want basement storage garage
modern house connected number ways wires bring electricity wires carry telephone messages pipes bring fresh water carry waste drains toilets public sewage systems public sewers site septic system installed septic system waste drains filter slowly ground purified tall crane dig hole side house large concrete box called septic tank lowered hole concrete rings called put place septic tank small hole wall foundation pipe installed connect house septic tank septic tank later toilets drains house connected pipes wastewater sewage flow septic tank seep ground septic system place workmen bulldozer push foundation earth removed excavation called wall foundation seen morning truck lumberyard delivered stack heavy boards ed johann chief carpenter assistants begin house
fills cracks smooths joints corners pieces sheetrock working wet plaster called joint compound smeared amount joint pressed strip paper tape tool called trowel smoothed plaster pressed tape joint stilts ladders reach ceilings upper parts walls entire house finished joints dry coat compound coat joints smoother smoother finally longer seen wanted slate tiles floors put mixture sand cement called mud top plywood deck smoothed flat trowels boards perfectly level flat mud dry hard laid slate tiles place filled gaps special cement called grout carefully covering tile floors protect drips spills painter put coats white paint walls ceilings roller flat areas brush paint corners windows house nearly completed number jobs remained
madam chief note rasping voice unkind navy mrs keith suddenly blushed sorry okay okay soon maybe saturday mother opened purse began fish promised fact forgot spending money cent kind give madam won need money chief uneasy pretense leafing papers held getting paid pretty soon meantime suppose wants promised money pardon happy give trouble chief gray eyebrows rose won wagged head dog shaking flies accepted bills eyebrows madam hundred dollars stared mrs keith struck unfamiliar sensation shame defensively goes fight war care madam thank mrs keith vaguely sorry okay mother closed polite smile walked cadillac chief looked glanced fifties fluttering hand thing muttered re sure hell getting kind navy thrust bills pocket willie keith spearhead navy advanced war moment took form glittering array inoculation needles
gates navy yard willie stopped exposed wrist raw cutting wind counted pulse tripping eighty enraged think naval aura stripped mere arithmetical failure body waited minutes trying relax took count ninety marine sentinel gate staring willie looked street began walking dingy drugstore corner thinking dozen physicals college receiving station months ago pulse seventy worried devil admiral pulse rate sees enemy fleet seventy cancel worry give normal result swallowed argument double bromide conscience pulse sedatives worked hesitated moment captain grimm office check blood thumped tranquilly past fingers seventy felt buoyant relaxed pushed open door object caught eye room blue sleeve gold stripes sleeve gesticulating fat navy nurse seated desk captain grimm gray tired looking waving sheaf papers complaining bitterly slipshod accounting morphine turned willie
weeks visit contrite cheerful simple tact found mother likely stayed days willie saw entrance observe talking mother depart discreet wave february visits frequent enrolled hunter college late classes cut willie uneasy return school laughed don worry dear finished effect decided ignorant canary willie stuck resolve improve shaky position high marks rose gradually place leaders school hours fiery determination set goal number soon saw denied mandarin midshipman named domed forehead measured quiet speech mind sponge ahead field spacious percentage bunched willie couldn compete weird photographic registry print soon realized stopped despairing marks fell short perfect niche found varying eighteenth twenty struggle odds notorious
tapping willie shoulder turned impatiently yes yes radioman stood flapping despatch hand fox sir re action addressee says coding duty willie took message glanced okay okay break minutes thrust sheet pocket looked sea maryk head barely visible dark water reached float thrashed minute kicking white foam leaped half water waved arms shout feebly wind okay haul sailors began pull wet line aboard frantically float cutting water maryk clinging willie tingling excitement scampered ladder lost footing slippery deck fell wave warm salty water broke drenching spitting water grabbed line dripping float clanked deck haul ball starboard yelled dozen arms reached maryk head bobbed propeller guard clambered aboard christ sir didn maryk gasped recovery telephone talker forty sir float aboard beat em sir sailor pointing seaward
de took queeg cup set desk queeg reached pocket de expecting pull cigarettes picked packet matches queeg brought couple bright steel ball bearings size marbles began rolling absently thumb fingers left hand imagine queeg casually mainly matter towing rigs sort de casually question random mind conjecture queeg groomed command squadron possibility ruled large battered blue book rack desk dope manual look days read simple pure routine boys aft pretty fair hands lieutenant maryk crackerjack won trouble ran satisfactory exercise week sorry aboard maryk queeg regular regulars re hauling boys radar schools solid reserve wardroom january twelve ten theoretically complement eleven eleven counting
ah morning thank thank willie queeg leaned bulwark taking quick look mooring lines caine tied moulton secured fore aft buoys ships lay corner west loch narrow inlet harbor ahead astern starboard muddy shallows caine hundred yards dredged channel maneuver corner tight squeeze hey queeg jovially maryk gorton stood port wing awaiting interest captain demonstration ship handling officers nodded respectfully queeg called lines manila ropes snaking aboard caine lines sir telephone talker kay queeg glanced wheelhouse wetted lips dropped book chair let engines ship vibrated things began happen fast willie couldn tell exactly wrong caine moved backward sharp fluke decked anchor ripping forecastle ship bending ripping roots gashed jagged hole moulton bridge ghastly metallic screech gun galley battering moulton side carrying ammunition boxes antenna squealed crunched fell water
glare yellow floodlight foot gorton harding stood knot hooded welders crouched blue flames deck dope yelled trampling maryk ball maryk gorton crafty grin supposed duty officer informed whereabouts calling hotel bar town lieutenant screwed blunt features talking heard steve gorton adams received orders afternoon re caine took astounded officer hand shook heartily stammered maryk happening squadron steve simon bird lieutenant october skipper reserve lieutenant deal busting wide open night ahead orders interrupted eagerly going tom peeled carmody steve ride boneyard took white hat dashed deck bounced rolled side disappeared gorton leaned lines dear smack puddle looks senior watch officer needs hat god damn caine strike aboard including curse
willie damned suffered months thinking simple escape hm re supposed assist communications glad try sir don beans communications practically sir direct commission navy mother owns shipyard boston thing mess letter alphabet fouled letter making commission asked wanted didn meant specialist meant general asked regarded superior naturally asked mistake god arranged supposed public relations ordered hole virginia suddenly directive saying designated sea happened fast wasn thing mother tough don mind public relations worse caine think paper thing paper bad communications paper
table cleared radioman brought willie action message broke hurry caine ordered proceed atoll escorting group south clear battle zone willie thought leaving attack force stopped rail captain cabin sights show tamed sporadic fire support shelling going mass fleet lagoon losing warlike air naked sailors diving anchored ships splashing merrily water longer blue yellow brown full garbage ships airing bedding ragged white patches lines hey captain desk eating ice cream soup plate hand fitting pieces jigsaw puzzle kay tell maryk tell whittaker send big plate ice cream coffee knock sounded door tentative rap enlisted radioman smith grinning apologetic fright beg pardon captain told keith big keith action message queeg give radioman despatch captain desk backed hastily queeg glanced heading half started chair leaned calmly
corduroy bear lived toy department big store waited animals dolls home store filled shoppers buying sorts things want small bear green overalls morning girl stopped looked straight corduroy bright eyes mommy look bear wanted today dear mother sighed spent look lost button shoulder straps corduroy watched sadly walked didn lost button tonight find late evening shoppers doors shut locked corduroy climbed carefully shelf began searching floor lost button suddenly felt floor moving accident stepped escalator mountain wondered think wanted climb mountain stepped escalator reached floor eyes amazing sight tables chairs lamps sofas rows rows beds palace corduroy gasped guess wanted live palace
courage mother fastening cloak sarah chin courage sarah noble sarah needed courage father going wilderness connecticut build house night spent forest nights settlement thomas brown horse tied nearby asleep feet tree sarah father sat musket knees nodded sarah knew called wake suddenly need hear voice face oooh strange sound nearby tree father owl sarah telling goodnight longer louder sound stranger sound pain father fox sarah bigger dog calling mate sarah closed eyes tried sleep sound open eyes sit father yes sarah wolf musket awake sleep father tell home tell sarah home howl wolf farther remember sarah home tell land bought
john noble thomas river place deep hill sarah took bible brought book full wonderful stories read liked story sarah namesake sarah son named isaac story end story david killed giant hard choose sarah sat stool entrance shed bible lap sat read doll arabella sister listen listen arabella room bring early june air mild sarah felt suddenly needed cloak sat listen read opened bible stories loved story boy samuel lord called night sarah thought lord kind grandfather mother knew looked sarah sure knew
october days warm sunny indian women spread corn dry night sarah helped cover carefully heavy dew wet things tall john wife taught sarah weave basket sarah clothes stiff heavy indian woman clothes deerskin indians wore days grew colder pair deerskin moccasins sarah feet felt light free walked softly indian children thought family hannah margaret afraid wolves stephen baby young danger thought afraid tall john family pleasant quiet days end sarah felt fear disturbance air indians watch guarding hill indians north coming sarah scarcely knew sleep night suppose suppose tired days sun slept fold cloak caught hand slept courage sarah noble courage night wakened listened tall john told partly words partly signs river hills guarding hill watch
let dust daddy exclaimed ringing youthful voice journey slightly husky cheerfully returned father embraces soil matter matter nicholas petrovich repeating affectionate smile slapped son coat couple times let look let added standing hurried posting station quick quick bring horses nicholas petrovich appeared excited son looked flurried overcome shyness stopped daddy cried allow introduce friend written kindly consented stay nicholas petrovich spun quickly round going tall longish loose fitting country overcoat tassels climbed warmly gripped red hand son friend hurry extend heartily glad began grateful intention wishing visit hope ask eugene replied virile voice throwing collar coat showed full face nicholas petrovich face gaunt broad forehead nose flat tapering large greenish eyes bushy whiskers sandy colour animated serene smile expressive assurance intelligence
thing uncle interrupted depends circumstances uncle cases bad cup tea older generation assume paul petrovich pronounced word softly french manner contrary pronounced principle stressing syllable say trust move step breathe vous change tout god grant health general rank admire distance gentlemen nihil call distinctly yes manage survive void vacuum nicholas petrovich ring bell cocoa brother rang bell shouted place appeared terrace young woman twenty white skinned soft dark hair dark eyes red childishly pouting lips small delicate hands wearing neat cotton dress pale blue scarf rested lightly rounded shoulders carrying large cup cocoa set front paul petrovich blushed violently sudden hot blood gushed crimson wave beneath delicate skin pretty face
paul petrovich silent thought move depart stood front rooted ground playing nervously fingers baby paul petrovich asked love children let look blushed confusion joy frightened paul petrovich addressed cried bring polite house wait moment put dress door bother paul petrovich asked replied disappearing promptly left paul petrovich gazed keen attention small low room found clean comfortable smell paint freshly painted floor camomile dried flowers wall stood set chairs lyre shaped backs late general acquired poland campaigns corner iron clamped chest round lid small bed muslin canopy opposite corner lamp glowed front large dark icon representing st nicholas miracle worker minute porcelain egg fastened halo red ribbon hung saint breast
received reply soon divined treated respect paid attention sake appearances comes princely house concluded tea anna suggested stroll drizzle set company exception princess returned drawing room neighbour arrived squat grizzled short spindly legs courteous humorous porfiry lover cards anna talked asked care pit game fashioned preference consented remarking train advance impending duties country doctor care anna porfiry rout katya added play monsieur likes music listen reluctantly katya approached piano fond music reluctantly occurred madame sending heart young age beginning sort vague nostalgic sensation akin foreboding love katya raised lid piano glance asked undertone play replied indifferently
madame frowned felt annoyed interpreting don amuse proud let upset unhappy desire longing look think aristocrat covered lace seated velvet arm chair disguise fact fond call comfort desire live interpret contradiction romanticism eyes shook head health independent rich need want want madame repeated sighing grown weary lived age yes grown added gently drawing ends bare arms eyes met flushed slightly memories petersburg prosperity poverty father death marriage trip abroad plenty memories remember ahead front stretches road goal desire tread path disillusioned asked madame replied deliberation incomplete capable strongly attached
trees inquired overheard acacias began yawn suppose weary travellers fall embraces remarked mean sleep retorted remark bidding mother night kissed forehead hugged blessed thrice stealthily conducted room wished sweet repose enjoyed flower youth slept excellently bath house anteroom place smelt mint crickets stove competed drowsy chirping leaving study curling sofa son feet prepared chat saying felt sleepy actually fall asleep early morning eyes wide open glared gloom childhood memories hold succeeded shaking bitter impressions mother prayed fill spent chatting stood front mistress person rooted ground eye fixed imparting whisper impressions notions regarding young master
shade lofty ash tree katya sitting turf bench garden allowing elongated body assume elegant posture known sportsmen hare stance chosen spot ground nearby katya silent hands held half open book engaged picking crumbs bottom basket throwing small family sparrows cowardly persistence characteristic hopped chirped feet faint rustling breeze foliage ash tree shifting pale gold patches sunlight shadowy path tawny katya immersed unrelieved shadow bright gleam sunshine illumine hair silent silence sat spoke eloquently confiding intimacy looked unmindful full joy close expressions faces altered seen appeared collected katya lively enterprising don think began russians ash tree tree sun shines katya looked yes thought reproach beautiful language
leapt bench yes yes catherine mean love believe dare say yes katya repeated understood grasped lovely hands breathless joy pressed heart stand feet repeating katya katya perfect innocence burst crying laughing tears seen tears eyes beloved experienced degree terrestrial happiness capable stunned gratitude overcome shyness early morning anna gave orders summoned study forced laugh handed folded letter asked sister hand quickly scanned letter effort hide feeling spiteful pleasure momentarily flared breast exclaimed recently yesterday assumed brotherly regard catherine advise anna asked continuing laugh assume replied laugh anna felt gay amused assume give young couple blessing match son father decent likely offer objections
prepared brother allow simply embrace wish soon paul petrovich embraced course included kissed hand learnt hold properly drinking glass refilled wine exclaimed deep sigh happy dear friends farewell tail phrase english passed unnoticed present showed signs emotion memory whispered katya husband ear clinked glasses reply squeezed hand warmly venture propose toast aloud end readers learn characters portrayed moment ready oblige recently anna married conviction love promises russia leading figures able lawyer vigorous practical turn mind resolute remarkable gifts eloquence young generous cold ice live greatest harmony achieve happiness love princess died forgotten deathbed father son settled
photography experience stand art science tool hobby profession exact method producing image visual communication figure photography capture image reproduced times capture image natural relaxed situation figure photography depict news figure news makers today surrounded photography newspapers magazines advertising figure hobby understanding photography help understand communicate pictures information receive visual communication greatly enrich figure kinds photography common today include filmmaking television photography graphic arts process photography portrait making commercial photography photography hobby kinds photography show movement television photography filmmaking common types photography kinds photography photographs show movement photographs called stills common stills vacation snapshots figure color slides seen projected screen stills areas photography show movement television programs news shows commercials stills part production professional photographers started careers learning basic techniques producing prints
recent advances technology led improvements camera today nearly buy inexpensive equipment electronic systems automatic controls high quality optics despite camera works century camera simply device control exposure film light cameras matter expensive sophisticated parts light tight box viewing system film holder lens shutter figure cameras let control exposure film commonly called taking picture cameras let picture wider variety conditions general expensive models let picture conditions expensive camera cameras automatic metering systems learn chapter exposure control camera system adjust picture camera adjusts automatically sophisticated electronic systems automatic cameras electronic calculators photographer sizes models brands cameras choose generally refer cameras film size mm inch classify cameras according kinds viewing systems major kinds cameras camera single lens reflex camera twin lens reflex camera view camera
oldest kind viewing system view camera light path passes camera lens strikes ground glass located lens figure parallax error camera focused moving lens ground glass forward backward image looks sharp viewing screen sheet film loaded film holder figure loading total darkness single sheet film loaded side film holder sliding light tight panel called dark slide protects film light camera focused film holder film camera front viewing screen film holder photographer longer image viewing screen dark slide closest lens removed shutter released picture dark slide replaced film holder removed exposing film film holder put exposure opposite side face lens sides reversed double exposure exposures negative film holders view camera roll film fastened view camera roll film backs dark slide prevent accidental exposure
learning control exposure main reason studying camera parts exposure control needed photographic print high technical quality photographic print natural reproduction copy original scene considered high technical quality figure control exposure moment shutter released picture film exposed longer control exposure darkroom procedures allow save improperly exposed shot discussed chapter problems film chapter problems prints procedures replace proper exposure techniques remember details missing negative result lack exposure control replaced darkroom metering systems purpose measure illumination light give photographer information needed adjust shutter aperture proper exposure basic metering systems discussed hand held light meter built light meter hand held light meter figure commonly cameras built metering systems cameras meters part camera bought separately hand held meters backup systems checking light readings built meters especially true portraits specialized studio photography
kind built metering system automatic metering system system automatically selects correct exposure combination amateur photographers obtain photographs excellent quality knowledge metering system works lets professionals shoot rapidly conditions constantly adjust meter exposure automatic metering systems modes shutter priority aperture priority programmed modes brands include mode combination shutter priority mode lets photographer select shutter speed exposure reading camera automatically selects aperture shutter speed fast action sports photography easy shoot shutter priority mode selecting shutter speed fast stop action photographer concentrate composition letting camera compute metering aperture priority mode photographer select aperture setting camera automatically selects correct shutter speed exposure reading aperture priority mode offers advantages areas photography shooting subjects architecture portraits easier aperture priority mode photographer concentrate composition exposure subjects affected slow shutter speeds programmed mode completely automatic shutter speed aperture setting controlled camera computerized metering system considers speed film asa amount illumination computing correct exposure
sturdy cases camera camera equipment photographers piece protective equipment camera case figure camera case wraps camera protects camera rubbing objects helps prevent small dents result camera hits objects surface finish unprotected camera eventually wear constant rubbing occurs brass metal starts showing finish camera body bright colored metal easy black area worn generally lowers camera affect operation camera occurs camera protected camera case camera cases hard cover soft cover models figure shows soft cover model models fit brands styles cameras cases sold camera strap strap adjustable fitted size straps narrow material case straps cloth leather wider straps purchased bit comfortable wear lens cases protect lenses figure purchase extra lens wise buy case normal lens bought camera separate case
exposing film process negative making prints processing exposed film technique learn producing photographic print high technical quality figure prints produced top quality negatives figure amateurs shortcuts film processing think lost quality later making prints print negative poor negatives poor prints poor quality negative spend trying produce print later efficient spend extra processing film extra minutes preparing film processing save lot effort later processing film fun parts photography taking picture fun printing picture fun watch image form development careful processing film essential takes hour equipment need processing film inexpensive special pieces equipment needed find kinds equipment home school equipment needed processing film figure discussed quality timer needed processing film kinds darkroom timer able run minutes
problems commonly arise barrel thermometer glass easily broken handled extreme care models encased plastic tube prevent breakage slow registering temperature barrel thermometers difficult read etched numbers filled dark substance paint show glass surface substance inexpensive thermometers soon washes thermometer difficult read normal light impossible read safelight conditions dial reading barrel thermometers show fahrenheit customary celsius metric degrees thermometers photo supply store scientific supply store kind tray pan needed hold water bath chemical jugs water bath tray temperature water bath helps control temperature chemicals temperature chemicals controlled accurately processing controlled developing tank processing started processing let chemical change temperature trays processing prints ideal small developing tanks larger tanks water bath trays deep small plastic tub pan bucket works automatic water bath systems temperature control bought tray chemical jugs heater water bath
wetting agent figure recommended required final processing chemical properly wetting agent prevents water marks streaks forming film drying surface tension water form drops cling film surface wetting agent decreases surface tension mixing wetting agent careful mix working solution strong strong solution dries film leaves gray streaks surface happens film running water remove streaks dilute working solution water mix solution manufacturer instructions wetting agent sponge film simply hang wet film dry film streaking photographic chemicals powder liquid concentrate form mix chemicals form working solution caution mixing photographic chemicals follow manufacturer instructions liquid concentrates mixed water need concentrates form working solution instructions tell start amount water add chemical add chemical solution complete follow mixing instructions chemicals powder form mixed water temperature mixing temperature higher working temperature solution higher temperature helps powder dissolve water
jeff looked window watching storm snow falling thick fast couldn feet wind howling blowing hard doors windows groaning storms frightened jeff reminded ago caught small twister pinned tree phone rang limped room answer hello hello jeff dad home won home sunday night want leave message moment silence answered snowmobile real close drive yes sir real trouble need help think drive snowmobile dad jeff help ron broke leg hospital chance trying car snow lived miles house narrow road running woods part bay jeff looked window storm getting worse jeff line yes ride explain dad
ship dropped sky glare sun neared ground hit sand belly slid stop expert eye seen ordinary moon rocket longer thinner worn battered moon rocket permitted tail traces ship number number filled screens comes happened place proper lay months proper place luna city blasted lying desert corpse escaped grave airlock shape ship thin cheeks hollow james vail thirty test pilot class thirty looked sixty powers find hard trace aged father left ship looking didn worry ship scientists find wanted ready samples records photographs line duty missing save crew road ran miles north
happening evans gary asked white haired sat looked window evans bed window gary tall blond boy bat looks nervous evans reported team eager hit pitcher dandy blond boy struck team wearing red caps ahead gary blue caps evans smaller boys uniforms gary thought neighborhood team tigers tigers gary hid disappointment evans lay bed window gary thought watch game gary felt sorry remembered hospital months pleasant gary wheeled week ago screech brakes thud truck hit bike frightening pain gary mind accident closed eyes stopped stop sign hurrying finish paper route play ball play weeks thoughts running gary mind raised bed stared thick cast leg knew lucky bike crushed truck wheels
raining morning gray sky dripped city warm muggy warm florida early spring student west end high outdoors lunch bonner looked drops creeping window pane lunchroom looked rain wouldn stop band practice marching playing marching band fall doubt re erickson told week re band members thank forget feet bell clanged lunchroom minutes class hall english class miss allen snapped lights began raining harder dark night sure marching ground wet rain stopped english class started called class hurried find erickson waiting looked worried beginners band class wife traffic accident practice school song music closet inside door yes erickson thanks knew count ran hall moment looked hurried hall band room
noises heard power saws city trucks clearing fallen trees street nearby heard sound church bells clock home hour ago didn mother maybe thinks jean connie mother couldn telephone girls wires wait hunted dinner dark night wait hunt help tried open door blocked side hole roof high head called voice hoarse wave flag pole tie stumbled litter looking flag pole hands sore cut rested walls looked high climb tried climb call help tried dark foot lowest shelf slowly carefully lifted shelves rocked heart pounded step rested hands knees top shelf felt dizzy pain top wall high
house mrs fit murder small laughed reading books joan looks house smiley smiley real estate snapped fingers look wide beach front waves rolling smell ocean air drew deep breath fresh air quiet peace california weather feel mrs big tall sniffed fresh air mean smell dead fish agree ocean thought pacific blue grey beach walking real estate inside minds say place furnace smiley smiley showed furnace looked rest house pet bad bad smiley ask mrs live house rent cried smiley rent smiley price bargain mrs tell sale asked
morris known hard case son harry held eighteenth birthday shot bringing money sale cattle morris showed emotion clues found harry killer shot river country carrying money rancher named ike carter left large sum money friend ike found bullets showed killer failing find money ike emptied gun fit terrible temper slim clue killer identity sheriff deputies sam joe green searching found clues carry large sums money river country longer traveled happened morris lot money sale land cashed check center bank took bills cashier counted put shirt pocket set buckboard thirty mile drive home sheriff tried leave money bank failed tried morris ride protection
play piano sure sing learn weave chairs living words teacher student cruel boy liked play piano sing black boy south crushing hope blind live ray charles beginning end teacher struck deep killing spirit words gave fire soul florida school handicapped ray charles start music call genius music ray charles listen listen singing feeling soft husky warm real country earth believe feeling fresh thrilling lot story ray charles legend talks true story true story lesson ray charles born eyesight charles family lived albany georgia cotton town father odd jobs fixing cars laying railroads mother took washing ray younger brother ran dirt streets barefoot
ray seventeen arrived seattle washington cross country trip bus days travel moved dark corner country found room slept eighteen hours woke midnight ray asked landlady night clubs open told chair broken night club town talent show going night ray found hard getting bit talking permission ray didn win contest club offered job singing playing piano played night drew big crowds started coming saying sound nat king cole ray smiled trying sound real thought ray knew nat king cole beginning find opening voice finding style mixed blues jazz gospel audience mainly black worked played apollo theater harlem home blues wrong bands sing bands follow
travel called trip place flight earth moon certainly travel walk field flowers travel travel hike mountain trail true meaning travel hear grow wisdom experience travel easy travel steam rich experiences travel spending money happens travel magic walking aaron ruth goode call walking exercise needs gym add walk vacation cost cent walking joys joy advantage walk enjoy senses walker butterflies smell flowers hear buzzing bees walker live mile school try walking taking bus senses active alert walk notice ground feels feet notice differences walk sidewalk road dirt path forest trail pine needles walk city notice city sights newly painted houses store decorations clothing worn walkers walk country look flowers insects birds place interesting walk observant
tor reasons formal sola solemn widowed king land shadow effect frivolous young tor suspected grateful existence earliest memories riding baby sack tor shoulders galloped horse series hurdles screamed delight wound tiny hands thick black hair later furious tor took accusation slightest duty white lips set face laughed decided told story found couldn believe told spite malice yes story sad grandeur felt mother changed mind tragedy sour gossip deliberately spend company tell story character preferred look vaguely head cousins expression face indicating dead fly windowsill swept startled speaking motive vengeance
looked thoughtful looked sword dragon spears pretty sure approve sol smaller frail shoulders lifted frail bear child eating inside fire pale skin burning think knew fighting bear baby eyes room looked hastily dragon spears fine strong child think father looked frowning ask silly question hear tell stories laughed involuntarily don think father lot mean anyway fell love spell conversation times talk ask questions let fall phrase adjective asked questions asking mystery doubt father wouldn discuss mother telling missed find reassuring
led home battle fifteen ate leaves trying breed turning corners falling downstairs haunted purple smoke billowing scarlet caves began confrontation worst trouble youngest royal cousins turn born accustomed baby family petted indulged pretty child learned readily play likeliest spoil tor nearest age elder trying pretend grown lot cousins ten older tor threat youngest girl cousin fifteen older poor plain shortly birth married provincial barons disgust thrived famous settling land dispute husband family blood feud generations pleased birth sol managed marry tor mother died bearing altogether interesting figure household wished continue revolve
rumor began wedding feast passed took home afterward sola love king daughter witch daughter entrap king mother entrapped father breath fear reassuring accompanied rumor hoped tor sorry married glory ruined noticed husband companion eyes tending anger tongue lips worth days later meaning ladies mentioned worriedly tor falling spell daughter history repeat don meant lady frowning sol mother queen suitable match laughed light hearted laugh young terrible scandal married mother didn mother north lady grown small town south eyes opened wide read eagerness interesting fresh slice gossip slip conversation friends gathered
months nineteenth birthday put bit yellowish grease fresh bit dry wood held iron pincers thrust small candle flame corner table happened performing set motions measuring noting mixing applying watching wood burn movements deft exact practice brain tended contemplate meeting swords tor nagging sure begin darn stockings holes lately perforce wear boots attended court hall holes wouldn show thinking green stockings smallest holes dinner hall tonight turned eighteen expected part dancing occasionally sure dancing tonight dinner honor son south daughters ladies difficult dancing boots needed help point realized arm getting tired bit yellow slick wood peacefully ignoring fire burned iron tongs getting hot hand
knew touched magic flowers turn frogs burst explosion noticed frogs couldn help notice worst sick floor feet knew magic queasy early adolescence gift asserting wasn illness reaction royal gifts violent stood helpless think words say asked return flowers dust motes whiff magic hands face remain dared dance immediately stood smiling gently arm gracefully raised hand curled posy glint eye bright flowers leaped fingers grew wings yellow white birds sang sweetly golden harps disappeared darkness ceiling musicians began playing tor arms left circle dancers stepped tor feet times helped dancing floor magic strong nostrils tor distance clung held main force till shakily let cousin re tearing waistband skirt
sword fell hand hissed indrawn breath discovered proud scream screaming took nearly strength looked appalled dragon small red eye knelt weakly awkwardly picked sword hand awkwardly swung dragon dying small eye glazing fury spent closing jaws arm strength avoid slow clumsy blow sword edge struck neck gave gasp jaws loosened died blood poured arm mixed ground darker thicker blood dragon fortunately village large healer bound arm offered sleeping draught swallow smell real magic afraid mix arm harm sleep night sharp ache wound home pride place encouragement brought attend courts councils administered country ruled don let title mislead told king simply visible visible fact important
emerged round looming bulk castle leading tiptoed delicately ears hard forward tail high saw wordlessly brought gave bridle hand sola equerry waited impassively holding turned mount horse riding army giving king daughter honor holding king stirrup small thing holding king stirrup conferred luck holder times past queen demanded honor king ordered considered lucky victorious general son sola hold stirrup especially king rode war tricky diplomatic campaign suddenly turn war feel mental chill pass courtyard mounted wondered daughter began mission bad omen wondered favor army rode expecting worst likely find held reins grimly grimness prodded nose till smiled involuntarily petted looked heard king footsteps met father eyes glad yielded tor request kissed forehead cupped chin hands looked moment turned grasped stirrup turned foot
build fire found wedge tinder stones strike hand fortunately plenty fuel shores stream trees grew protected dragon valley stone shoulder hidden campsite found remains campfire looked weathered thought notice stream running clear wondered lain stream found flat rock lid began process boiling dried meat tin till soft eat didn dare fire large fetch wood bear heat slept fainted drifting boundary longer periods blankness brought beginning healing pried boot foot gingerly felt ankle wrapped strips spare clothing tying knots hand teeth hoped wrappings reminded foot quiet ache ebbed dull mutter looked left arm felt sick sight look
robbie kidding mom mean feel bad hear older sister tina talk sounded kind monster certainly mother answered uncle george weekend sick manage smiled tina hard robbie stay home tina sank sofa head hands groaned month month ted joanne planning camping trip going boating lake cooking open fire sleeping stars roughing robbie couldn hold longer listen yelled tina think want cousins re crazy treat act superior anyway camping listen tina sneered let tell mom didn let finish putting arm need help weekend put bad spot sorry helped
afternoon reached bear lake luckily tina reserved camping spot lake big pine tree shade piled car unloaded gear tina ted joanne brought tent wanted sleep stars thought mistake didn say figured wouldn listen anyway going put sleeping bag robbie tina asked going sleep car listen tina idea sleep tonight tina didn let finish beautiful spot sky full stars re going sleep car say camping thought going argue knew place sleep didn tent bear lake find tina started fire steaks wanted die nice glowing bed hot coals began cook steaks thick ted joanne set explore lake leaving guard campsite tend fire
moment word sister cousins looked miserable disappointed hungry couldn let stay car dug bundle emergency supplies canned ham potatoes onions perfect making hash dessert produced peanut butter wheat germ powdered milk combined desserts eaten tina mumbled grudging thank hash sizzled pan happily accepted joanne ted compliments dessert making seconds mosquitoes arrived knew coming soon cooled tina cousins thought possibility slapped madly insects dive bombed biting ted asked didn say car returned bottle bug passed quickly rubbed sticky yellow lotion guard mosquito attack don say tina warned didn worry wasn say told think sleep ted changed subject look stars glad re sleeping tent night sky beautiful didn convince change plan
october established camp iv summit choose team members try top decided groups group piro team physician vera member irene miller members expedition arlene worked beginning sherpas chosen women october group camp ii rest ready woman knew danger facing irene left letters friends family case didn october set camp summit highest camp night temperature tents try summit awoke sky clear wind temperature cold slowly began dressed irene put layers clothing wore wool clothes jacket pants wind garments double boots feet warm left piro looked finger tip white knew frostbitten didn warm knew lose thought eye surgeon
imagine re ten skydivers team today team airplane landing field hear word teammate dives plane jump turn comes suddenly re flying re flying re falling re flying forward spread arms legs arch cold air whips past face look rest team left teammates joined hands form star falling star drops earth km hour turn join star heart pounding relax try hard won hit fall center star drop side reach arms teammates grip wrists open star let moments ten skydivers part falling star quickly star breaks diver turns moves falling falling falling look spot teammates pull ripcord opens parachute feel jolt bright colored chute puffs free fall re falling slowly maybe km hour enjoy view
october thousands watching andre jacques parachuted hot air balloon paris likely frenchman invented parachute joy flying chutes swayed wobbled badly landed chute big umbrella weighed kg top canopy wooden pole center bottom pole basket stand chute swayed badly air spilled edges canopy finally cut vent hole top chute let air escape vent helped control sway inventors light chutes folded sack united states balloons part entertainment country fairs parachuting balloons common trick jumper ride fairgrounds basket balloon drop trapeze parachute attached chute open trapeze fell balloon flyers tricks trapeze floated fairgrounds jumper georgia thompson tiny broadwick tiny parachutes daring cutaway jumps cut chute opening tiny jump balloon raleigh north carolina
felt bouncing twisting rolling sliding saw crowd try break slid sidelines saw surprised look slammed felt bouncing tumbling slope suddenly felt tight wire snapped inside felt slowly realized wasn moving longer stopped spinning hear voices running friend sally kneeling snow sally smiled gently brushed hair jill eyes jill heard voice saying sally move course move jill sally smiling crashed lying legs jill saw sally eyes begin look scared sally don move litter jill couldn spoke sky jill felt tears running face shook head angrily sally olympic tryouts jill deep voice ski patrol brought toboggan re going lift litter put toboggan ambulance okay jill sally moment later re lifting suddenly jill cried feel sally feel touching
days later jill glanced mirror bed saw girl wheelchair let yell josie audra jo nicholson jill closest friend wheeled room jill bed hi jill going casually trying stare metal tongs attached jill skull jill watched mirror grinned true josie holes head audra jo shook head smiled thought iron lung impressive jill winked mirror polio iron lung crazy skiers tongs stryker frame josie asked real interest head straight jill laughed tongs attached weight pulleys hold spine straight things ends bed turn stryker frame upside hours sure supposed josie looked room jill looks exactly forgotten room looks gift shop josie believe gifts letters telegrams sending mail seen reporters coming interviews josie interrupted newspapers full stories expect skiing
jill braked wheelchair window looked closed shade raised arm bending elbow hand touched small ring dangling shade sudden sharp forward movement shoulder shade pull bounced spinning knuckles swung side side tried shade pull swung smooth arc backward forward waited swing jutted head forward caught ring teeth jerked head backward let shade shot upward flapping rattling explosion empty room late afternoon sunlight streamed desk smooth turn chair seated desk felt home room classrooms glad teacher thought funny say hard realized truth laughed softly difference crash afterward worked hard skier worked hard teacher don difference spent hospitals rehabilitation center challenge winning race fun family friends suddenly shook head don sit remembering aloud opened drawer desk
hat jennie favorite aunt promised send present jennie waited dreamed waited shutting eyes sighed big flowery beautiful ran room opened box gasped plain hat dear think nice mother kindly jennie blinked tears put hat bed put straw basket sort hat drew pictures hat choo sneezed bless dear called mother drawing hat mean caterpillar answered jennie dear sighed mother tried lampshade flower pot tv antenna shiny pan jennie noticed clock feed birds ran cupboard filled paper bag bread crumbs started park birds expected saturday afternoon spot scatter crumbs birds sorts birds fluttering twittering cooing knew jennie ate hand hopped happily head soon crumb flew jennie forgot hat walking home jennie remembered wished loud
gave letter addressed words hands ebenezer balfour esq shaws house shaws delivered son david balfour heart beating hard prospect suddenly opening lad seventeen age son poor country forest campbell stammered shoes surety minister pause pretty lad edinburgh days walk worst worst high relations suppose blood put door ye walk days manse door hope ye received poor father forecast ken davie resumed lies conscience improve parting set guard dangers cast comfortable seat lighted big boulder birch upper lip sun shining peaks put pocket handkerchief cocked hat shelter
sat stared house shaws looked pleasanter countryside appeared set hawthorn bushes full flowers fields dotted sheep fine flight rooks sky sign kind soil climate barrack midst sore fancy country folk fields sat side ditch lacked spirit give en sun yellow sky saw scroll smoke mounting thicker smoke candle meant fire warmth cookery living inhabitant lit comforted heart set forward faint track grass led direction faint place habitation saw presently brought stone uprights lodge coats arms top main entrance plainly meant finished gates wrought iron pair hurdles tied straw rope park walls sign avenue track passed hand pillars wandering house
notion getting firmly settled head began imitate covert looks sat table cat mouse stealthily observing word say black white busy turning secretly mind longer sat looked unfriendly cleared platter single tobacco morning turned round stool chimney corner sat awhile smoking davie length thinking paused wee bit half promised ye ye born continued promised father legal ye understand gentlemen wine bit money separate expense promise promise grown matter precisely exactly paused stumbled exactly forty pounds rapped sidelong glance shoulder moment added scream scots pound scots thing english shilling difference thought considerable story lie invented end puzzled guess attempt conceal tone answered think sir
run aft run aft ye cried brushed sailors boy spoke moved ran ladder deck brig swiftly giddily cresting swell starboard tack left hand arched foot foresail sunset bright hour night surprised greatly ignorant draw true conclusion going north round scotland high sea shetland islands avoided dangerous currents pentland firth part shut dark knew head winds thought halfway atlantic wondered lateness sunset light gave heed pushed decks running seas catching ropes saved going overboard hands deck kind roundhouse bound sleep serve stood feet decks considering size brig dimensions inside fixed table bench berths captain mates turn turn
period soon forty exiled gentlemen coming peril lives friends collect money highland chiefs forfeited common matter talk tenants stint send money clansmen run navy carry course heard tell eyes forfeit counts rebel rents service king louis france belt full golden guineas round loins opinions look lively interest re jacobite set meat ay beginning eat face whig betwixt annoy whig campbell saying betwixt added bottle dry hard pay sixty guineas dram ask key stepped deck
stood stared heard alan shout help brought senses door seamen engaged run guard caught body alan left hand fellow clung leech broken cutlass raised door thronged faces thought lost catching cutlass fell flank help wrestler dropped alan leaping distance ran bull roaring broke water turning running falling haste sword hands flashed quicksilver huddle fleeing enemies flash scream hurt thinking lost lo alan driving deck sheep dog chases sheep sooner cautious brave seamen continued running crying heard tumble forecastle clap hatch top roundhouse shambles dead inside lay death agony threshold alan victorious unhurt
reasons choice part isle hut house pig hut fishers sleep business turf roof fallen entirely hut gave shelter rocks important shellfish lived grew plenty tide gather peck doubtless convenience reason deeper horrid solitude isle looked round sides hunted fear hope human creature coming hillside bay catch sight ancient church roofs houses hand low country ross saw smoke morning evening homestead hollow land watch smoke wet cold head half turned loneliness think fireside company till heart burned roofs altogether sight homes comfortable lives put point sufferings hope alive helped eat raw shellfish soon grown disgust saved sense horror dead rocks fowls rain cold sea
started late wandered nearly half true met plenty grubbing miserable fields cat herding kine bigness asses highland dress forbidden law rebellion condemned lowland habit disliked strange variety array bare hanging cloak greatcoat carried trousers backs useless imitation tartan stripes patched wife quilt wore highland putting stitches legs transformed pair trousers dutchman makeshifts condemned punished law harshly applied hopes break clan spirit sea bound isle remarks fewer tell tales poverty doubt natural rapine put chiefs longer open house roads wandering country track infested beggars marked difference part country lowland beggars beg patent flattering gave asked change civilly return
fell company ways lying stopped spoke wayfarers workers met passed course tell discoursed judged liked countryside observed bring share pinch snuff told affairs judged wise alan gave place traveling meet friend thought put scent part told worked hiding priests disarming act dress curiosities place moderate blaming parliament points especially framed act severely wore dress carried weapons moderation put mind question red fox tenants questions thought natural mouth traveling country bad business wonderful tenants find money mere starvation ye don carry thing snuff ye balfour
writing letter amy inviting party peter announced don ask didn write mother peter stared sheet paper el sort special folded letter times put envelope sealed mail write mother asked birthday party peter tell wrote envelope saturday mail put stamp started leave wear raincoat looks rain put looks rain stay willie ran mail letter walking mailbox peter looked sky dark clouds raced wild horses glanced amy window wasn pepe parrot sat peering willie didn tell stay home peter thought boys say girl party suddenly flash lightning roar thunder strong wind blew letter hand peter chased letter tried stop foot blew flew high air landed skipping hopscotch game letter blew
bear sat top high tree looked wide wide saw green hills saw river saw blue sea saw tops trees saw house saw mother bear hear wind sing feel wind fur eyes black nose shut eyes let wind brush opened eyes saw squirrels play bear home lunch began climb saw birds look fly bear fly fly sideways climbed saw green worm hello green worm talk bear home lunch climbed saw girl think lost girl river treetop yes bear river live yes girl emily doll lucy bear river basket cookies emily
bear emily lucy cat duck hen owl party cat looked lucy lucy bear lucy emily doll yes emily tells things wants tell cat hear emily put head lucy head saying asked hen yes tell duck saying emily wants sit emily lucy sit tree bear emily knows lucy wants let eat cat owl house party hats put put party hats laughed sat eat look lucy duck wants looked lucy coming cried emily lucy break lucy break broke arm lucy emily crying picked doll hugged don cry emily bear fix tape owl bear fixed lucy ask feels emily put head lucy says feels fine emily says doctor bear tell thank bear breaks arm leg fix
emily hugged doll lucy wants say say bear lucy emily bear hold lucy bear lucy keeps give began bear say emily took lucy oops forgot lucy school emily opened pocketbook took fine pen want bear took pen thank emily ran room pretty toy boat keeps sail bathtub thank emily bear summer bear stood door till emily sight big tears ran face mother bear saw took lap goodness bear going school learn write write emily bear begin father bear paper bear write yes mother bear fine pen took bear paw helped begin bear happy write emily
society buy things need live goods need factories twentieth century technology produced things important parts daily lives discoveries inventions help lives easier modern machines ordinary things simple arithmetic fig machines extraordinary things space travel fig manufactured products technical drawing prepared point planned drawing accurate told product thing part drawing part drawings products called drafters drafters draw pictures goods think technology products ways making things include engineers architects designers knowledge drafting sketch ideas fig drafters turn sketches detailed drawings knowledge mathematics science technology common sense experience drafters technical drawings fig likes putting mathematics science practical find drafting career traits drafter
sketches drawn paper seen paper called translucent paper tracing paper parts sketch quickly traced putting piece paper called overlay top fig refining ideas means sketching tracing paper design overlay important ways alike reshaping idea include refining proportions parts object changing shape entirely overlay refine improve drawing changing design things fig sketch important form graphic drawn communication levels sketches fig language mechanical drawing sketch ideas quickly clearly accurately technical sketches short lives merely solve problem thrown technical sketches longer weeks months study sketches mechanical drawings sketches thrown engineering department management company include sketch notice employees sketch important record
graphite pencils paper vellum cloth grade pencil depends kind surface drawing depends opaque dark thick want line drawing lay views fairly hard surfaced drawing paper grades tracing paper cloth draw finished views reproduced copied machine pencil grades hb sketching lettering drawing arrowheads symbols border lines exact grade depends drawing surface hard soft leads seldom ordinary drafting film drawings kinds pencil lead developed types based information furnished joseph dixon crucible company kind plastic pencil type black crayon lead extruded pushed process drawings lead copy microfilm type lead combination part plastic part graphite heating kind stays sharp draws opaque line smear easily erases microfilms paper cloth film type combination plastic graphite
describe object completely things shape size book deals ways describing shape chapter learn show size objects draw important clearly understand rules principles size description machinist factory parts correctly sizes drawing accurate size description dimensioning dimensions sizes measured metric customary units metric units millimeter engineering drawings civil engineering drawings dimensioned meters architects meters millimeters depending size item drawing customary system measurements feet inches inches fractions decimal divisions inches notes symbols show kind finish materials information needed part part dimensioning complete working drawing includes shape description measurements notes symbols fig size description important part working drawing drafter give nominal ordinary sizes millimeters fractions inch drawings note added stating dimensions minus specific amount mm mm
chapter multiview projections learned describe object views regular planes projection top horizontal plane front vertical plane side profile plane planes solve graphic problems solve problems involving inclined slanted surfaces need draw views auxiliary additional planes projection called auxiliary views chapter learn draw views planes parallel inclined surfaces fig object inclined surfaces show true shape regular views fig front view top view side view shows true size shape object inclined surface view plane parallel inclined surface show true size shape auxiliary view views describe object views auxiliary view projection auxiliary plane parallel inclined slanting surface view looking directly inclined surface direction perpendicular anchor slanting surface pictured fig views anchor regular planes views hard draw understand show circular features anchor ellipses
designer works engineering team help solve problems producing drawings geometric elements geometric elements points lines planes defined according rules geometry structure dimensional form geometric elements fig order draw dimensional forms understand points lines planes relate space form shape problems think need mathematical solutions solved drawings manufacturing construction basic descriptive geometry ways designer thinks solves problems eighteenth century french mathematician developed drawing system solving space problems related military structures descriptive geometry brought military academy west point claude method changed basic principles taught engineering schools studying descriptive geometry develop reasoning ability lets solve problems drawing chapter learn drawing lets analyze geometric elements learning geometric elements let describe structure shape structures designed shaped rectangle easy plan structure shape figure shows basic geometric elements shows common geometric features found engineering designs
working drawing tells needs known making single part complete machine structure tells precisely shape size tells exactly kinds material finishing accuracy needed pictorial drawing working drawing simple machine part shown fig working drawing detail drawing assembly drawing assembly working drawing chapter tell terms working drawings multiview drawings complete dimensions notes added prepare working drawing sure includes information needed left guess working drawing follow style practices office industry industries follow standard recommended american national standards institute ansi plans easily read understood industry cases shortcuts save learn chapter matter special styles practices working drawings rules follow proper line technique contrast sharp numbers easy read letters alike style terms abbreviations standard finish working drawing check sure mistakes job
pictorial drawing essential part graphic language important engineering architecture science electronics technical illustration professions appears kinds technical literature catalogs assembly service operating manuals architects pictorial drawing show finished building look fig advertising agencies pictorial drawings display product pictorial drawing exploded views production assembly drawings views illustrate parts lists fig explain operation machines apparatus equipment commercial technical purposes addition form pictorial sketches help convey ideas hard describe words figure shows kinds pictorial drawings perspective view shows object case stereo cabinet actually looks eye drafters familiar technical subjects perspective sketches views pictorial projection methods isometric oblique isometric oblique views easier draw perspective view look drawing methods allow drafter show sides object view real advantage important lines measured directly cabinet drawing special kind oblique drawing cabinet drawing distances receding axes reduced half
cabinet drawing oblique drawing distances parallel oblique receding axis drawn half size figure shows bookcase drawn cavalier normal oblique cabinet drawings cabinet drawings named furniture industry perspective drawing fig dimensional representation object looks eye point pictorial drawings perspective drawings look photographs distinctive feature perspective drawing perspective lines receding planes actually parallel drawn parallel isometric oblique drawing drawn converging coming figure illustrates perspective terms card appears plane sight lines leading points card converging eye observer called visual rays picture plane pp plane card drawn station point sp observer looking card horizontal plane passes observer eye meets picture plane forms horizon line ground plane observer stands meets picture plane forms ground line gl center vision point line sight ls visual ray eye perpendicular picture plane pierces picture plane
nate detective let tell case eaten breakfast breakfast pancakes juice pancakes milk pancakes pancakes telephone rang hoped call look lost diamonds pearls million dollars annie annie lives street knew annie diamonds pearls million dollars lose lost picture help find course found lost balloons books slippers chickens lost goldfish nate find lost picture annie minutes stay don touch don move foot itches annie scratch put detective suit took notebook pencil left note mother leave note mother case annie house annie brown hair brown eyes smiles lot annie liked girls eating breakfast pancakes pancakes breakfast tell picture painted picture dog fang annie put desk dry
stood nate say hungry pancakes annie asked tell annie smart girl hate eat job strength sat kitchen cold pancakes hot pancakes case talk friend rosamond annie walked rosamond house rosamond black hair green eyes cat hair nate detective detective rosamond real live detective touch prove detective rosamond find find lost cat case big case lost cat big rosamond super hex cats named hex tell rosamond strange girl cats big hex hex plain hex cats black hair green eyes claws claws rosamond house looked pictures pictures cats sitting cats standing cats cats color black white sat hex jumped annie lap plain hex jumped rosamond lap big hex jumped lap big hex big hex
look harry picture clown house tree monster heads annie look picture clown red picture house red picture tree red picture monster orange annie orange monster harry paints red red monster nate tell harry painted red monster yellow picture dog yellow paint wet mixed red paint yellow red orange monster orange annie opened mouth say word closed mouth monster heads heads dog ears head tail yes annie mad brother mad nate red case solved don thank annie pancakes left hate eat job job sat annie kitchen annie harry annie paint picture harry
analyst signed foot document dated february pressed bell summon dispatch rider office prime minister remember clarity november precise moment heard president kennedy dead kennedy hit twelve thirty afternoon dallas announcement dead half past zone thirty york thirty evening london thirty chilly sleet swept night hamburg peter miller driving town center visiting mother home outer suburbs city visited friday evenings partly needed weekend partly felt visit week telephoned telephone drove refused telephone usual radio listening music show broadcast northwest german radio half past ten minutes mother flat music stopped middle bar voice announcer taut tension announcement president kennedy dead
peter miller eating scrambled eggs midnight hamburg sitting drinking comfortable lounge house attached riding school pyramids cairo morning dined jovial mood news dallas heard hours earlier germans egyptians wife host proprietor riding school favorite meeting place cream cairo society thousand strong german colony bed leaving talk small hours sitting leather backed easy chair window hans jewish expert nazi propaganda ministry dr josef goebbels lived egypt shortly end war spirited odessa egyptian salah worked expert jews egyptian ministry orientation held glass whisky left expert goebbels staff ludwig heiden working orientation ministry meantime adopted moslem faith trip mecca called el deference religion held glass orange juice fanatical nazis egyptians colonel personal aide marshal abdel later vice president egypt accused treason war later committing suicide
diary began twenty pages birth boyhood hamburg working class war hero father death parents shortly hitler power late thirties married girl called esther working architect spared rounded owing intervention employer finally berlin journey client period transit camp packed jews boxcar cattle train bound east remember date train finally rumbled halt railway station think days nights shut car berlin suddenly train stationary slits white light told daytime head reeled swam exhaustion stench shouts sound bolts drawn doors flung open dressed white shirt pressed trousers tie jacket dropped floor sight bad brilliant daylight rushed car threw arms eyes screamed pain seeing doors opening squeezed eyes shut protect pressure bodies half car emptied platform tumbling mass stinking humanity
scientist asked west german bewilderment certainly forced disappear returned argentina predecessor required provide immediately false passport enable stay germany funded zurich million american dollars start factory germany original purpose factory front type research interested shelved favor guidance systems rockets factory runs manufactures transistor radios front research department factory group scientists process devising systems fitted rockets don simply egypt asked smiled continued pacing stroke genius operation told germany capable producing rocket guidance systems persuaded emigrate group research department factory actually believe working contract conditions top secrecy course defense ministry bonn subordinate chair coffee spilling carpet god heaven earth arranged
hint tens thousands names pouring east fill lengthening black edged columns government ceased print destroyed morale mean mother think father memory think want son digging past trying drag war crimes trial think want miller spun walked room mother hands shoulders looked frightened china blue eyes stooped kissed lightly forehead yes mutti think exactly want let climbed car headed hamburg anger seething inside knew agreed hans looked part late forties handsome carefully styled graying hair cut latest fashion manicured fingers medium gray suit row heavy silk tie air expensive taste kind money buy looks asset west germany wealthiest successful magazine publishers starting war hand operated press turning handbills british occupation authorities founded weekly picture magazines
ministerial committee israel presides activities intelligence networks agreed end june general chief intelligence knell sounded ben hawks cabinet headed levi foreign minister forced resignation june levi named prime minister ben shaking snowy head anger kibbutz negev disgust remained member knesset government ousted david ben reinstate felt general likely obey orders choleric legend lifetime israeli relished ben orders rescinded general instructions remained avoid scandals germany rocket scientists alternative turned terror campaign scientists inside egypt germans lived suburb miles south cairo bank nile pleasant suburb ringed egyptian security troops german inhabitants prisoners gilded cage top agent inside egypt riding school owner wolfgang found september onward forced suicidal risks sixteen months later lead undoing german scientists shaken badly series bomb parcels germany autumn nightmare
miller nodded sipped tea yes fly london talk reached pocket produced envelope written letter handed miller letter introduction stood luck information called girl friend call bad staying hotel put phone thumbed address book eventually fixed picked phone called number bonn bad area miller hotel call cologne airport book flight london tuesday december reached reception desk girl counter smiled brightly pointed open seating area bay window overlooking rhine gentlemen herr miller glanced groups tapestry backed chairs set tables window alcove middle aged black winter coat holding black homburg rolled umbrella sat waiting miller strolled puzzled known wanted miller asked sprang feet herr miller yes herr peter miller yes inclined head short jerky bow fashioned germans schmidt doctor schmidt
office small point cramped wall lined end end ceiling floor shelves crammed books wall facing decorated illuminated manuscripts score organizations victims ss wall contained sofa stacked books left door small window looking courtyard desk stood window miller took visitor chair front nazi hunter vienna seated reread lord russell letter friend lord russell tells trying hunt ss killer began preamble yes true captain eduard simon raised eyebrows exhaled breath whistle heard asked miller butcher riga top fifty wanted ask interested miller began explain briefly think start beginning diary lord russell fourth miller relate story grew longer period added knowledge story began help lord russell ended jumped train
peter miller returned simon office morning promised tell odessa remembered overnight forgot tell yesterday recounted incident dr schmidt accosted hotel warned inquiry pursed lips nodded re unusual step warn reporter early stage wonder important hours nazi hunter told miller odessa start organization getting wanted ss criminals place safety development embracing worn black silver collars allies stormed germany found concentration camps hideous contents unnaturally rounded german demand carried atrocities answer ss members ss found underground inside germany austria fled abroad cases disappearance spur moment flight allies failed realize later meticulously prepared disappearance casts interesting light called patriotism ss starting top heinrich himmler tried save skin expense suffering german
night december roberto clemente boarded plane san juan puerto rico roberto star baseball player pittsburgh pirates top players baseball plane headed managua capital city nicaragua week earthquake hit city left thousands homes food water clothing plane loaded needed supplies roberto wanted help lot worked night past week collecting food clothing door door asking give money hired trucks airplanes helped load wanted help give supplies needed wanted young nicaraguan boy met visiting children hospital boy legs roberto arranged artificial plane rose air sky full stars clear mild evening plane flew distance lights grow smaller smaller plane looked bigger star suddenly star exploded tiny light burst ball fire plunged ocean seconds disappeared news crash quickly broadcast island search teams set look survivors
roberto clemente grew white frame house town called carolina puerto rico parents luisa clemente brought children roberto youngest child clemente worked sugarcane cutter early morning sugar fields nearby farm cut cane hot sun saturdays week want told roberto pay debts demand respect carry dignity care help things roberto learned hard school known shy quiet boy started going father sugar fields age roberto started play baseball bat tree branch glove coffee sack ball tight knot rags team children neighborhood baseball meant roberto played chance spent hours practicing throwing tossing rubber ball wall times mother recalled love baseball food didn matter roberto saved money buy rubber balls friends baseballs
roberto chance players slam hit wanted badly hit looked trouble feet walk missed pittsburgh games batting september things changed roberto reached hit number batting average september pirates faced york mets roberto going hit season chance roberto bat crowd quiet knew stake game roberto tense inning struck fourth fan yelled roberto walked slowly plate wiped bat handle cloth looked field rolled head ease tension neck finally dug deep batter box crouched cocked bat high stuck chin left shoulder waited throw strike called umpire stadium silent pitch curve ball roberto bat met pitch loud crack hit shot left center field bounced wall fans roared roberto stood quietly base
music appeals young women sings kinds songs sad funny tears fans eyes performs laughing loud say comes head says smile joke band music changed began performing called music country western western music softer fuller sound early days performing jokes singer grow don grow says re yesterday cornbread stale dry material percent singer career voice song fits style write songs writes songs married love writes songs loneliness hardship song written known songs proudest coal miner daughter song tells story early kentucky says song poured verses wrote adds clearly fans agreed recording coal miner daughter smash hit overnight
game seconds playing score hamilton madison ned riley wiped sweat face whistle sounded ball play ned jumped forward grabbed spun blur speed riley riley riley riley madison high supporters stood yelled ned zigzagged hamilton players found clear space side basket hooked perfect shot shoulder crowd roared ball spun rim dropped net amount noise unbelievable boomed thunder gym ned felt noise heard floor shoes spread body knew sound meant lived heard sound game season season half jaw grew tight remembered angry bored felt sick missed playing games practice week mononucleosis word wanted hear wanted hear roar crowd wanted winning score scoreboard
ned ned ned floating asleep awake voice coming tunnel thought tunnel filled clouds felt tired breathing effort eyes open person saw father standing window bed ned knew home suddenly remembered happened night heard crowd roaring saw winning score scoreboard felt falling dad felt chest getting tight knew afraid dad trying voice sound calm problem closed eyes waited answer yes ned re thought woman voice ned opened eyes surprise dr coming hall mother hi doc tried grin pretty bad yes smiled checked night morning think mild able school week put thermometer mouth reached pulse minute play games rest season
later mayor san juan resigned felisa asked fill position agreed accepted idea give support promised mayor felisa decided able talk wednesday morning held open house city hall san juan tell problems child needed pair shoes family house burned person needed buy medicine felisa help strong houses going san juan felisa built clinics sick parks sports stadium favorite game baseball working mothers started care centers puerto rico felisa loved parties gave parties san juan june city beach played ocean stayed late eating singing christmas child san juan toy felisa idea called airline president children seen snow told fly snow england children shoveled snow giant plastic bags loaded bags airplane airplane landed san juan felisa drove snow park thousands children shrieked joy mayor slide throw snowballs
father money maggie white photographer father died maggie college soon realized school maggie majoring zoology cornell university liked animals child pet snakes chose cornell zoology courses read waterfalls campus cornell maggie students tried job tried restaurant jobs tried library cents hour job waterfalls finally gave maggie idea camera cracked lens maybe cornell students buy pictures beautiful campus ivy covered buildings cayuga lake thundering waterfalls found photographer town let darkroom sample pictures enlargements set experience photography took fall put group ten nice shots christmas maggie opened sales stand campus dining hall pictures students wanted home families dollar pictures sold fast maggie hire students help sell soon began getting letters cornell graduates architects
studied hard acting career discipline learned parents helped slowly gained experience began roles black perform regular tv program east side west side program wore afro hairstyle seen tv helped style popular nominated academy award role rebecca sharecropper wife sounder played exciting part autobiography miss jane pittman tv film story woman lived slavery beginning civil rights movement play jane pittman aged filming sat hours makeup artists changed young face contact lenses eyes look bleary gleaming white teeth real problem night dreamed saw jane smiling gold teeth movie gold teeth climax jane pittman story greatest moments tv film history slave walks slowly determination drinking fountain whites drinks saw scene surprised won double emmy award role jane pittman
august mother passed bar exam winter reason moved washington divorce starting job part august asked stupider staying home sitter won staying home school starts mother reminded school stupid august look stinks kids playing wish zachary judge move washington mrs brown put michele friends michele college student studying georgetown university lived august house mrs brown called au pair basis means august mother carefully explained august michele privileges responsibilities reasons august minded mother lawyer talked words privileges responsibilities rolling seesaw sentences perfect august answer michele privileges room meals telephone august mother lawyer talk takes advantage letter law michele responsibilities august georgetown university session anthony hyde elementary school reopened spring vacation michele keeping eye august home clock mother home
suddenly sharp high voice called hey jumped saw small girl pigtails runny nose standing front open front door aw looking looking garbage girl wiped nose plump smudged hand august guessed playing colored chalk giggled aw inside blow nose don august grumbled find mother tell needs trash squeaked girl garbage thing put pocket mine give call mommy voice grew alarmingly shrill august decided retreat dropping lid fled corner crouched bush street patch rag bag lady red coat hiding choose looking trash anxious found overlooked rag bag lady hurry rummaged basket sugar august saw slip things shopping bags girl corner finally stopped calling mother august heard door slam rag bag lady cross street august peered corner times rag bag lady reached green trash pulled things disappeared shopping bags
august politely dying meet woman son age tell re going friends live august asked suspiciously corner pointing seen peter street peter snyder smith school wanders neighborhood august sinking feeling peter snyder smith sour faced boy basketball interested woman asked august mrs snyder smith looked startled beg pardon wander neighborhood ten mrs snyder smith course goes spare anyway perfectly safe shouted august whirled smiled triumphantly mother hold mrs brown calm let facts straight re vermont explained guest re city impression unsafe children cities heard friends york york city mrs snyder smith georgetown friendly neighborhood peter playing home dark course problems
meggie tears eyes todd looked affectionately wouldn want disappoint young michael outfit sister jessie april mournfully looking envy jeremiah skates drew shortest straw skate august asked skates sidewalks bumpy georgetown mother won let skate street course skate tennis courts volta park hurts balls hit bessie downtown nice days skate mall rains skate national gallery mean museum asked august didn skate twins smugly todd served lemonade cookies offered show august collections august tell pleading look april eyes accept show forty whispered todd pouring meggie glass lemonade heart mind august didn mind collector todd led room room proudly pointing objects boxes matchsticks extremely painstaking dream takes
august dark room forgot fears course scoffed afraid fat april hush august nice look held fistful coins streetcar carousel children bustled excitedly counted money times jessie fierce argument jeremiah jenkins peanuts doughnuts bought spare change april settled matter slipping coins skirt pocket gave money spend won spare change fighting august saw faces grow cloudy mouths open protest decided change subject streetcar asked mother bus bus april explained buses crowded bothers big empty space aisle push tried woman started screaming stop bus streetcars fun anyway mike re open sided warm weather re august tell look mike face streetcar fun suddenly mike face fell august street car pointed
august slept later usual morning opened eyes knew raining cars swishing noise street sky dark drops hung trembling branch window august hurry head ached throat felt funny swallowed lay swallowing experimentally painful feeling couldn mind looked clock thirty tumbled bed ran downstairs michele sitting cross living room sofa watching television waved august didn eyes set mother left wait commercial fix eggs don want eggs august kitchen put slices bread toaster filled bowl cornflakes milk cornflakes hurt swallowed put bowl tried toast felt scratchy august ate bites decided wasn hungry michele kitchen slouched table staring moodily toaster head hands sure don want eggs michele asked august gruffly don want eggs re sure michele looked cold toast bowl soggy cereal
august ran pennsylvania avenue white house casting cautious eye policemen took bus georgetown catch breath began feel ashamed mike think running policeman leaving bunch girls trouble invisible children certainly lot trouble especially turned invisible mother meggie guard museum jessie noticed white house august wondered happen president looked window saw girls running white house lawn underpants august home mother tea living room mrs snyder smith asked offering toast august thought wiser mention pineapple place mrs snyder smith tell exist wanted bring peter meet mrs snyder smith movies father ridiculous moping fun wouldn say august mrs brown contrary mischief sort minute
hush april mike father going give birthday speech standing arm arm podium mike parents funniest pair grownups august seen place alike brother sister pudgy red headed sloppily dressed flashy party clothes grinning ear ear jiggling shiny party shoes rise float couple balloons mrs held crumpled sheet paper handed husband finished bowing beaming neighbors april face makes speech told august scornfully think trouble learn heart birthdays family street began speech saying unaccustomed public speaking august knew busy calculating times speech children parents birthdays forty hundred times unaccustomed public speaking august conclusion put paper formally wishing son ripe age august thought downright silly considering pineapple place grew older
august knew april longer visible peter clock struck couldn run invisible august find happened told peter walked hill home thanks lending mitt school tomorrow august house april visit mother wasn mrs brown reminded wouldn anyway run pineapple place sure august hurt knee skating maybe home mother objected realize barely glimpse past ten days asked delighted found friends couldn spend august remembered hours spent exploring washington mother moved wondered begun feel lonely met pineapple place sorry didn mean leave nonsense mrs brown making friends fact street think seeing lot mrs snyder smith dislike son cried august
talking pet show kids told pets bring matt bring ants gonna bring mouse bragged roberto gonna bring archie cat uh huh archie ready pet show cat archie called cat archie willie looked cat favorite peter susie searched street cat archie mother window cat asked independent archie expect expect pet show maybe inside archie ran building window find looked place start gee re sorry archie peter susie entrance lot roberto mouse took willie chased mouse roberto chased willie peter chased roberto susie chased peter show started line pets judges called walked looking carefully pet asking pet pet prize parrot frog friendliest fishes canary busiest ants brightest goldfish longest dog fastest mouse softest puppy slowest turtle
entered room false broom closet times watched feeble light solar system planets solar system suspended metal rods ran spherical tracks attached ceiling translucent plastic spheres lighted tiny christmas bulbs red yellow blue holiday glow planets distant light light huge light room musty darkness pool head visible silent swing revolving planets head bald glistened void stood big buddy clark buddy absent school hook weeks pool completed solar system thought steaming noise called eighth grade big buddy fiddled plastic halloween pumpkin painted hot red sun soon hands making motions magic whirling planets big buddy slender fingers match tough set floating feeble light artful hands gave soul gentle ritual ray want live creation buddy fingers sing startling high song listen someday
told place junior making tough stealing motor store say stole store buddy exploded boys pool sharply cut let solar system waited moment quiet began agree asteroids planet junior brown buddy didn build pretend buddy couldn help saying junior junior brown stayed quiet tried appreciate fun separated fear turn band asteroids planet junior brown junior bunch thirty pool asteroids earth equilateral triangles planet junior brown sun buddy bodies space forming equilateral triangle revolve circular orbit junior softly wished home room continued triangle junior brown asteroids sun junior brown earth sun comes proof planet orbit points gravitational equilibrium matter settle
smile superstitious couldn help planet junior brown vanished existed light turned planet junior brown safe room pool comfort moment pool stood broom closet opening door slightly listened awhile tramping feet noise children called softly junior buddy leave don need remind buddy anyway pool days re going caught buddy junior rid maybe itching pool re sorry buddy voice rougher worry pool fire solar system somewheres buddy junior slipped quickly door tiptoed hall turned reached outer door buddy clark took bunch keys pocket unlocked triple police lock line students streamed steps front school stream large raucous buddy rushed basement steps junior close mass students boys separated registered mind special
quiet suddenly junior moved leaned wall turned head slowly found miss staring hall leading living room kitchen didn say junior quietly wait hall miss told call rushed kitchen tea tell wasn talking moving junior thought left foyer walked hall faint natural light wide room hall twenty feet end round breakfast table wrought iron chairs side kitchen entrance left table closed door leading miss living room appeared furniture hall piled walls preparation moving apartment miss moving rest house looked crammed furniture sides piled quarters walls paths mess room powdered footprints marking stacks newsprint periodicals books spotted cockroach eggs spilled floor warped dusty bookcases parents collectors exotic books musical instruments
room dark musty uneasily junior feel settle fumbled switch wall flicked ceiling light saw pale yellow glow skin crawl told leave miss crisp voice cut noise narrow light bothering wash teacups saucers miss dumped sink hurried watch junior room main path junior moment waited junior eyes fixed folds junior neck rolling soiled shirt collar entrance hall living room overflowed antique equally shoddy decoration furnish households main path led past chests bureaus sofa directly front windows facing amsterdam avenue branching narrow path leading rear hall miss bedroom left side main path perfectly clear circular area sat grand piano massive elongated heart shape room cheap faded room total wreck immediately junior saw piano focus attack vases cups dishes glasses lay splintered piano legs piano rich mahogany surface gouged dangerously sharp tool marked blows size hammer heads
trouble junior awful relative forced let stay turns pretty sickly buddy asked softly junior began afraid voice getting louder dirty stinking filthy socks junior heaved rocking motion caged bear sway summer stifling heat junior stop buddy knock seat buddy grew alarmed bus turning bus driver eye mirror abruptly junior stopped realized explosion head buddy imagined fool junior bother didn wasn lie buddy disgustedly buddy folded hands seat front rested head outstretched arms didn slipped house junior didn want tell rid sickly bad infect lot buddy sat looking junior
twenty buddy wallet began believe say going mail wallet want believe reason twenty think don imagine need boy hurt buddy wondered buddy asked franklin franklin looked sat legs folded front hand knee throne couldn looked king say franklin told buddy buddy moved boys placing rest items franklin stolen file cabinet file metal folding cots slung canvas buddy motioned wall franklin boys moved buddy set cots cot sleeping bag buddy shook free dust spreading cot thoughts flew head worked making planet ready night darkness wondered nurse teacher lessons sunday school tomorrow billy remember
strength buddy heaved bundles morning newspapers thrown delivery trucks sidewalk side door stand cold stiff fingers knelt unwind wire held bundles tight buddy felt pleasure hands strength untie metal knots sitting counter newsstand facing street didn turn buddy boss twenty college inherited stand father retired wore usual army surplus coat black velvet beret outfit looked military uniform exotic country gave look distinction buddy knew belonged organization fair living newsstand sense wire cutter told buddy turn tear hands re hurt ahead leave town full crazies bleed buddy grinned head morning woke feeling morning don call mister told haven bed clown hey coffee swung swivel highchair price fifty cents cup haven
loved father fifteen half father walked big black river country northern mississippi look rich bloody river bottom soil headed sandy foothills scrub piney woods daddy told walked tennessee longer boy carried scent mississippi danger slowly junior started eating cereal mother wanted ate staring willing sit sit table gathered skirt crossed legs table folded hands front cast eyes side museum mother told park cold walk junior try believe sorry thought coming home maybe home tonight don think don heart set junior hear movement televisions apartments mother hear street street streets city loud bright revolved junior wheel system immense spiral
summer charlie friend class elementary school lived door graduation elementary school charlie excited home broke window climbed fire escape dressed blue suit didn school sick answered don look sick didn left course didn mama couldn buy suit mean missed graduation didn suit didn yeah answered guess re wouldn couldn mama buy suit don guess didn poorer charlie family mama sunday suit graduation tried tell wasn kids thinking teachers looked real hard don want suit white says principal says principal huh hundred boys sitting blue suits important thing
stood low hill river river thames forty miles london gabled front red brick complexion weather played sorts picturesque tricks improve refine presented lawn patches ivy clustered chimneys windows smothered creepers house history gentleman taking tea delighted tell things built edward sixth offered night hospitality elizabeth august person extended huge magnificent terribly angular bed formed principal honour sleeping apartments deal bruised cromwell wars restoration repaired enlarged finally disfigured eighteenth century passed careful keeping shrewd american banker bought originally owing circumstances complicated set offered bargain bought grumbling ugliness antiquity end twenty conscious real aesthetic passion knew points tell stand combination hour shadows fell softly warm weary brickwork measure
mrs ludlow eldest sisters thought classification general practical edith beauty isabel intellectual mrs sister wife officer united states engineers history concerned say pretty formed ornament military stations chiefly unfashionable west deep chagrin husband successively relegated married york lawyer young loud voice enthusiasm profession match brilliant edith occasionally spoken young woman thankful marry plainer sisters happy mother peremptory boys mistress house presented narrowness brown stone fifty street justified claim matrimony short plump improved marriage things distinctly conscious husband force argument sister isabel originality felt isabel sister sure intimate friend declaration creditable prolific offices
dear young lady mrs points view sense say numerous american shockingly narrow point view thank god personal isabel thought answer admitted tolerable description manner judging sounded say lips person advanced enlightened experience mrs declaration arrogance risked talking ralph talked deal conversation sort gave large licence violent statements cousin phrase chaff soon established reputation treating joke neglect privileges reputation conferred accused odious want seriousness laughing things beginning slender faculty reverence possessed wholly father rest exercised wit indiscriminately father son gentleman weak lungs useless anomalous mother friends lord especial adopted native country charming found cousin band music ante room
afraid care cousin suppose ralph observed deeper motive nature deep determined fathom write means refusal ralph overtures young vaguely uncomfortable moment declined ralph began think importance asked signified isabel admirers desperadoes rivals perfectly welcome act genius felt curiosity result miss promised inquiry stiffness curiosity present ungratified asked days later written london obliged confess written vain answered suppose thinking thinks impulsive accustomed letters answered pursue investigations compliance larger interests point remains uncertain events presently proposed isabel excursion london tell truth seeing place shouldn think seen aristocrat lord
ingenious candid ralph fact think perfect think exacting excuse thinking nineteen women twenty exacting sort contented don run don wish isabel told faults spoke ralph looked grave hope weight faults things spoke simply peculiarities position known wished marry alluded think regards position sceptic power believer think don understand matter conscious mission sort evidently disappointed isabel added looking gently earnestly cousin liked marry lord absolutely wish subject don pretend advise content watching deepest interest isabel gave conscious sigh wish interesting
ah exclaimed madame merle faults don think certainly greatest brooklyn navy yard father high officer united states navy post post responsibility establishment suppose love sea hate don return america love land thing love isabel dispassionate witness struck force mrs characterization visitor expressive communicative responsive face means sort isabel mind suggested secretive disposition face told rich nature quick liberal impulses regular beauty highest degree agreeable contemplate madame merle tall fair plump woman person round accumulations minister indolence features thick graceful harmony complexion healthy clearness small grey eye deal light eye incapable dullness according incapable tears wide firm mouth smiled drew upward left side manner thought odd affected graceful
madame merle florence mrs arrival invitation lady mrs offering month hospitality judicious madame merle spoke isabel afresh gilbert expressed wish point matter seen recommending girl attention reason isabel offered resistance madame merle proposal italy england lady multitude friends natives country heterogeneous visitors mentioned isabel girl find course isabel whomever top list friend known ten cleverest agreeable meet altogether respectable average affair perfect effect produced depended deal nerves spirits mood unsatisfactory chose exert purpose peculiarities isabel find case worth knowing light shine equally persons
cried countess laugh thing happen madame merle countess manner impertinent suffer eyes violet slope monte gave reflection dear lady advise agitate matter allude concerns persons stronger purpose persons course miss archer strong purpose ah countess radiantly convince interest resist successfully resist express subjected force sure capable don mean don mean dangerous chemical combination leave madame merle smiling don mean touch talk girl poor amy madame merle murmured don head interest head madame merle hesitated moment don think likes countess bright eyes expanded face set grimace
written letters burned ah isabel laugh thought wouldn care simplicity touched trouble letters glad news hoped isabel stopped flatness utterance thought going say hoped remain friends formula lord uttered certainly flat interested making isabel found reduced simply saying don talk speech improvement small consolation allow lord exclaimed force pretend console girl sat found think answer satisfied months pleasant powerful gallant answer remained don try console power heard say medium quickened reflections hoped meet fear attempt feel wronged
hello ship jake holman breath ship asleep hear lowered big canvas thirty bag ground stood moon shadow brick wall look looked stubby topheavy edge black rolling river moon white slender black smokestack rose high high masts guy wires slanted stack streamers maypole stubby shielded gun open bow doubled high hand steering wheel open aft looked house ship square curtained windows screened doors opened main deck narrow veranda pipe boat deck taut white awnings midnight asleep watch minutes aboard find bunk wake morning strange bird nest jake holman knew strange bird going aboard ships realized struggle jake holman place wanted ship dislodge wish going san pablo
woke reveille bugle putting white shorts put undress whites head washroom opened rear clean airy places plenty room course fresh water rationing holman chinese putting gray enamel pitchers hot coffee mess tables chinese making holman bunk poured cup coffee mess table nearest bunk sit place red bearded white lanyard beard pipe shirt pocket thanks holman sat chair solid wooden chair table solid wood bare scrubbed top side table stood starboard side larger table aft bunks high table holman thought chairs saw mate watching grinned taking home thing say ship worst thing say madhouse holman ready say felt chair body solid separate chair
able return checked liberty party bronson chief franks senior stood watch holman breaking holman instructing watch duties passing information talked casually things franks trying sound attitudes holman decided franks plain straight manner sly watching kind turned holman relief seamanship pappy tung looks stuff telling franks seaman aboard pappy tung position deck chien engine room short sturdy chinese dark face carved wood deck coolies wore navy undress whites insignia wore black mark rank sure seaman holman important thing smart appearance ship smart side boat courtesies exchanging passing ships bugle calls hand color dips timed spaced exactly lt collins raw nerve passing honors franks exactly raise hell franks handled ceremony ships passed show holman
protested taking stock tan dress sleeves course makeup let hair grow scarcely skimpy knot loose wisps straggled walk slowly perspiration soak dress going charm speak friendly word side veranda house heard angry voice inside rear veranda sailors whispered watch fiercely danger threatened jumped feet facing rifle awkward scanned faces words small thrill recognized big square holman glad miss hello meant greeting warm holman named objects grinned ill ease hard talk nice looking italian boy brooklyn redhead froggy jersey felt wished leave talk started excuse care walk grounds glad show dutifully polite mumbled thanks began sling rifles
machinery coming home wars holman hands hard dungarees oil stained steaming shoes oil soaked molded comfortably feet repair gang began learning kind chinese order talk joke kidded sailors understand turtle kind bastard order appreciate insults individual laughs grins gestures play expression faces holman wondered thought chinese faces blank let call called ho po han called jokes holman wished ping wen took smoothly cleaning boiler holman respectful cleaning coolies blank faces ship underway days repair evenings burgoyne drink coffee watch burgoyne proud po han oiler steaming watch drink coffee interest repair topside sailors holman drills deck watches
holman nodded custom interfere shipmate woman guys ships yes fights started shipmate burgoyne sand pebble let lead play holman decided girl gasped jerked don voice spring wound tight snapping ah face red burgoyne stood let harshly turn hell won wet deck pig tonight won holman stood wanted pick throw twenty feet heard let put feeling voice easy bronson stand fast ho moved twirling club buddy navy authority moment holman looked bronson fat important face hated bronson girl em whorehouse ho case didn bronson whores duties sailors case didn won shore patrol stand girl chairs scraped struggled laughed
bothering burgoyne mad happens shu poured cup tea pot desk ready protect property agreed amiably pulled open desk drawer laid automatic pistol teacup ready holman took belgian pistol balanced hand em sizes america sixteen inch shu raised eyebrows think big lake easily think claim consular protection girl chinese won bother consul holman ashore tools need job shu gave face muscles set harshly voice turned hard foreign concession chinese law applies girl chinese inside couple days going legal wife burgoyne flatly shu eyebrows raised shrugged put pistol studied papers desk sipping tea ignoring visitors holman looked burgoyne noticed dozen chinese softly stand neck felt strange jerked head door
sand pebbles considered burgoyne request mast asked named kin service record died kin personal effects pay death gratuity equal months pay lt collins told burgoyne officially married impossible call friend burgoyne asked blood kin friend burgoyne kin uncle hell shoutin baptist preacher thinks dirt burgoyne told holman hope official acknowledgment existence safe conduct pass primarily ship coolies protect forced labor warlord soldiers ago form worked shack women known lt collins approve shacks emergency easier aboard red candle custom red dog paper yen ta put chinese writing left side red dog typed english crowded english text read bearer burgoyne employed household francis marion burgoyne united states navy serving san pablo
tied japanese pontoon noon meal plank led flat steel pontoon sandy foreshore stretched hundred feet stone river embankment water lapping stone chinese massed bank gray crenelated city wall crowd hum filled air river sands group warlord soldiers tending fire group priests soldiers slaughtering animals water edge bull sheep pig pig squealed resisted nasty business lines doubled sir reported think aft watch show chiefs cleared space rail officers crew watching priests clipping shaving animals stocky chinese gray gown waded began river flinging emotional gestures sir general pan whispered warlord fierce jolly hardheaded put uniform behave things wrong sailors begun laughing word general pan confessing sins river god joy translating sailors laughing
sound night rainsford sat muffled throb engine drove yacht swiftly darkness swish ripple wash propeller rainsford reclining steamer chair indolently puffed favorite sensuous drowsiness night dark thought sleep closing eyes night eyelids abrupt sound startled heard ears expert matters mistaken heard sound blackness fired gun times rainsford sprang moved quickly rail mystified strained eyes direction reports trying blanket leaped rail balanced greater elevation pipe striking rope knocked mouth lunged short hoarse cry lips realized reached lost balance cry pinched short blood warm waters caribbean sea closed head struggled surface tried cry wash speeding yacht slapped face salt water open mouth gag strangle desperately struck strong strokes receding lights yacht stopped swum fifty feet
broken cold gray exceedingly cold gray turned main yukon trail climbed high earth bank dim traveled trail led eastward fat spruce timberland steep bank paused breath top excusing act looking watch clock sun hint sun cloud sky clear intangible pall face things subtle gloom dark due absence sun fact worry lack sun days seen sun knew days pass cheerful due south peep skyline dip immediately view flung look yukon lay mile wide hidden feet ice top ice feet snow pure white rolling gentle ice jams freeze formed north south eye unbroken white save dark hairline curved twisted spruce covered island south curved twisted north disappeared spruce covered island
finished filled pipe took comfortable smoke pulled mittens settled earflaps cap firmly ears took creek trail left fork dog disappointed yearned fire cold possibly generations ancestry ignorant cold real cold cold hundred degrees freezing point dog knew ancestry knew inherited knowledge knew walk abroad fearful cold lie snug hole snow wait curtain cloud drawn face outer space cold hand keen intimacy dog toil slave caresses received caresses whiplash harsh menacing throat sounds threatened whiplash dog effort communicate apprehension concerned welfare sake yearned fire whistled spoke sound whiplashes dog swung heels took chew tobacco proceeded start amber beard
rasping tearing sound grew fainter moment shuffling jostling place step sills tide turn sound wind children lulled stillness fell asleep half past nat switched wireless miss news wife going news nat depend door slowly pulled drew bolts kicking bodies step door breathed cold air working hours knew reserve strength things waste food light fuel things endure night stepped garden saw living birds gulls ride sea sought sea food buoyancy tide returned attack land birds waited watched nat saw hedgerows soil crowded trees field line line birds end small garden birds move watching
thousand injuries fortunato borne ventured insult vowed revenge nature soul suppose gave utterance threat length avenged point definitively settled definitiveness resolved precluded idea risk punish punish impunity wrong unredressed retribution overtakes redresser equally unredressed avenger fails felt wrong understood word deed fortunato doubt continued wont smile face perceive smile thought immolation weak point fortunato regards respected feared prided connoisseurship wine italians true virtuoso spirit part enthusiasm adopted suit opportunity practice imposture british austrian millionaires painting gemmary fortunato countrymen quack matter wines sincere respect differ materially skillful italian vintages bought largely dusk evening supreme madness carnival season encountered friend
startled roof factory jerked saw standing trapdoor end roof policemen night watchmen plump business suits looking walked boys middle stood guilt heavy levied tone voice looked strangers stared grass flourishing sure growing planted looking grass didn believe thick carpet earth patch deep greenness startling sterile industrial surroundings yes sir proudly toted earth planted grass fluttered seed catalog re fixing plant watermelon looked eyes strange faraway mean putting roof building want jail looked shaken rest silent frightened authority voice grown aware adult authority policemen night watchmen teachers sounded
don house girls mother don earn pocket money george runs errands big boys sells christmas cards father mind brother raymond slip say brother raymond fool bigger older lot call brother needs looking lot smart mouths lots say especially george minding say raymond say big head don play dozens believe standing face lot talking knock chances girl skinny arms squeaky voice squeaky things rough run tell fastest thing feet track meet don win place medal win twenty yard dash kid kindergarten nowadays fifty yard dash tomorrow subject run quarter meter relay
lay minute perched rail picked horse face wasn twisted frowning smiling set didn say purpose sticking flag caught horse spoke turned stirrup funny buck won give couple crow hops gentle dog maybe bullet feeling face purpose knew licked stood quiet cow horse let mount rode corral later east field turned slim bethune damned twenty trouble team ran breaking pole sulky rake happened course driver safe ground getting drink horses decided break engine field coughed spit died gas line trouble hay tanks broke big load wet hay bull pushed slough
doodle frightened left don leave brother cried leaned coffin hand trembling reached touched casket screamed screech owl flapped box faces scaring covering paris green doodle paralyzed put shoulder carried ladder bright sunshine clung crying don leave don leave doodle embarrassed brother age couldn walk set teach woman swamp spring sick sweet smell bay flowers hung mournful song going teach walk doodle sitting comfortably soft grass leaning pine asked expected answer won haul walk brother says demanded mama doctor walk took arms stood collapsed grass half empty flour sack bones legs don hurt brother warned shut going hurt going teach walk heaved collapsed
fancy eat laboring illness refused food wife offered answered common eat experience bred fancies raise appetite raveloe village echoes lingered voices barren parishes lying outskirts civilization inhabited meagre sheep thinly scattered shepherds contrary lay rich central plain pleased call merry england held farms speaking spiritual point view paid highly desirable nestled snug wooded hollow hour journey horseback turnpike reached vibrations coach horn public opinion important looking village fine church large churchyard heart large brick stone homesteads walled orchards ornamental weathercocks standing close road lifting imposing fronts rectory peeped trees side churchyard village showed summits social told practised eye park manor house vicinity chiefs raveloe farm badly ease drawing money bad farming war times live fashion jolly christmas easter tide
lives learning find hard fast hold habitual views faith invisible nay sense past joys sorrows real experience suddenly transported land beings history share ideas mother earth shows lap human forms souls nourished minds faith love sought influence exile past dreamy symbols vanished present dreamy linked memories experience enable imagine effect simple weaver silas marner left country settle raveloe unlike native town set sight widespread hillsides low wooded region felt hidden heavens screening trees hedgerows rose deep morning quiet looked dewy brambles rank tufted grass relation lantern yard altar place high whitewashed walls pews known figures entered subdued rustling known voice pitched peculiar key petition uttered phrases occult familiar worn heart pulpit minister delivered unquestioned doctrine swayed fro handled book accustomed manner pauses couplets hymn recurrent swell voices song things channel divine influences marner fostering home religious emotions christianity god kingdom earth
marner wanted heaps ten grow square larger square added guinea satisfaction bred desire strange hopeless riddle intense nature sat weaving weaving looking end pattern end web till forgot riddle sensations money mark weaving periods money grew remained began think conscious loom account exchanged coins familiars coins unknown faces handled counted till form color satisfaction thirst night drew enjoy companionship bricks floor underneath loom hole set iron pot contained guineas silver coins covering bricks sand replaced idea robbed presented strongly mind hoarding common country districts days laborers parish raveloe known savings inside flock beds rustic neighbors honest ancestors days king alfred imaginations bold lay plan burglary
dunstan cass turned cottage silas marner hundred yards plodding village sack thrown round shoulders overcoat horn lantern hand legs weary mind ease free change sense security frequently springs habit conviction reason change conditions expected suggest alarm lapse event happened logic habit constantly alleged reason event happen lapse precisely added condition makes event imminent tell worked mine forty unhurt accident reason apprehend danger roof beginning sink observable older difficult retain believing conception death influence habit necessarily strong monotonous marner saw heard events alive idea unexpected explains simply mind ease left house treasure defenceless usual
deputy clerk shared unpopularity common deputies turned red replied careful moderation winthrop bring proof wrong say won alter set ears standard expect choir follow em opinions hope ay ay felt satisfied attack youthful presumption re allays pinions pinion pinion folks pinions cracked bell bell hear poor amidst general laughter undertook partially fill office parish clerk desire infirmities unfitting rights thereof sing choir ah gentleman folks ben winthrop gentleman gift squire invite glass hear sing red didn nat gift lad aaron gift sing tune straight master stick voice nose
moment evidence ghosts condescending disposition attributed pale thin figure silas marner suddenly seen standing warm light uttering word looking round company strange unearthly eyes pipes gave simultaneous movement antennae startled insects present excepting skeptical impression saw silas marner flesh apparition door silas entered hidden high screened seats noticed approach sitting ghost supposed felt argumentative triumph tend neutralize share general alarm silas marner strange trance soul loose body demonstration contented moments dead silence marner want breath agitation allowing speak landlord habitual sense bound house open company confident protection unbroken neutrality took task ghost master marner conciliatory tone lacking business robbed silas
utterly forsaken trouble repulsion marner created neighbors partly dissipated light misfortune shown cunning honest folks worse inclination cunning neighborly apparent silas cunning generally spoken poor avoidance neighbors referred ill probable addiction worse company considered mere craziness change kindlier feeling shown ways odor christmas cooking wind season superfluous pork black puddings suggestive charity families silas misfortune brought uppermost memory housekeepers mrs osgood admonished silas money thought church enforced doctrine present pigs calculated dissipate unfounded prejudices clerical character neighbors verbal consolation give showed disposition greet silas discuss misfortune length encountered village trouble calling cottage getting repeat details spot try cheer saying master marner re worse poor folks crippled parish give
baking master marner lard cakes turned common ha asked accept thought don eat things bit bread end comical want change god help em dolly sighed gently held cakes silas thanked kindly looked close absently accustomed look took hand eyed wondering bright orbs small aaron mother chair peeping round letters pricked em dolly read em rightly knows mean meaning re pulpit cloth church aaron dear aaron retreated completely naughty mother mildly letters meaning stamp house ben says un mother put cakes allays put need silas proof learning aaron peeped round chair
women grant advantage seated pillion attired drab joseph drab beaver bonnet crown resembling small stew pan garment suggesting coachman greatcoat cut cloth allow miniature capes adapted conceal deficiencies contour drab color throw sallow cheeks lively contrast greater triumph miss nancy beauty looked bewitching costume seated pillion tall erect father held arm round looked open eyed anxiety treacherous snow covered pools puddles formidable splashings mud stamp foot painter preferred moments free consciousness certainly bloom cheeks highest point contrast surrounding drab arrived door red house saw godfrey cass ready lift pillion wished sister priscilla servant contrived godfrey lifted priscilla meantime persuaded father round horse block alighting doorsteps painful clear young determined marry wish continue pay marked attentions didn show attentions meant sincerely strange godfrey cass behaving didn want speak taking notice weeks weeks sudden making love
process spraying caught endless spiral ddt released civilian process escalation going toxic materials found happened insects triumphant vindication darwin principle survival fittest evolved super races immune insecticide deadlier developed deadlier happened reasons later destructive insects undergo resurgence spraying numbers greater chemical war won caught violent possibility extinction mankind nuclear war central problem age contamination total environment substances incredible potential harm substances accumulate tissues plants animals penetrate germ cells shatter alter material heredity shape future depends architects future look alter human germ design easily chemicals radiation bring gene mutations ironic think determine future seemingly trivial choice insect spray risked
fallen mesmerized makes accept inevitable inferior detrimental lost vision demand thinking words ecologist paul shepard head water inches limits toleration corruption environment tolerate diet weak poisons home insipid surroundings circle acquaintances enemies noise motors relief prevent insanity want live fatal pressed crusade create chemically sterile insect free fanatic zeal part specialists called control agencies hand evidence engaged spraying operations exercise ruthless power regulatory function prosecutor judge jury tax collector sheriff enforce orders connecticut entomologist neely turner flagrant abuses unchecked federal agencies contention chemical insecticides contend put poisonous biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately hands persons largely wholly ignorant potentials harm subjected enormous numbers contact poisons consent knowledge
aldrin mysterious substance exists separate entity bears relation alter ego dieldrin carrots bed treated aldrin found residues dieldrin change occurs living tissues soil transformations led erroneous reports chemist knowing aldrin applied tests deceived thinking residues dissipated residues dieldrin requires test dieldrin aldrin extremely toxic produces degenerative liver kidneys quantity size aspirin tablet kill quail cases human poisonings record connection industrial handling aldrin group insecticides projects menacing shadow future shadow sterility pheasants fed quantities small kill laid eggs chicks hatched soon died effect confined birds rats exposed aldrin fewer pregnancies young sickly short lived puppies born treated mothers died days means generations suffer poisoning parents knows effect seen human beings chemical sprayed airplanes suburban areas farmlands toxic chlorinated hydrocarbons
earth vegetation part web intimate essential relations plants earth plants plants plants animals choice disturb relationships thoughtfully full awareness consequences remote place humility marks booming weed killer business present soaring sales expanding mark production plant killing chemicals tragic examples unthinking landscape seen sagebrush lands west vast campaign destroy sage substitute grasslands enterprise needed illuminated sense history meaning landscape natural landscape eloquent interplay forces created spread pages open book read land preserve integrity pages lie unread land sage land high western plains lower slopes mountains rise land born uplift rocky mountain system millions ago place harsh extremes climate winters blizzards drive mountains snow lies deep plains summers heat relieved scanty rains drought biting deep soil drying winds stealing moisture leaf stem
supposedly understand proper habitat preservation wildlife found defending herbicides harmless wildlife thought toxic insecticides harm herbicides rain forest field marsh rangeland bringing marked permanent destruction wildlife habitat destroy homes food wildlife worse run direct killing irony chemical assault roadsides utility rights twofold perpetuating problem seeks correct experience clearly shown blanket application herbicides permanently control roadside brush spraying repeated irony persist despite fact perfectly sound method selective spraying known achieve term vegetational control eliminate repeated spraying types vegetation object brush control roads rights sweep land clear grass eliminate plants ultimately tall present obstruction drivers vision interference wires rights means general trees shrubs low present hazard certainly ferns wildflowers selective spraying developed dr frank period american museum natural history director committee brush control recommendations rights
citizen wishes fair judgment question wildlife loss today confronted dilemma hand conservationists wildlife biologists assert losses severe cases catastrophic hand control agencies tend deny flatly losses occurred importance view accept credibility witness importance professional wildlife biologist scene certainly qualified discover interpret wildlife loss entomologist specialty insects qualified training psychologically disposed look undesirable side effects control program control federal governments course chemical manufacturers steadfastly deny facts reported biologists declare evidence harm wildlife priest biblical story choose pass side charitably explain denials due specialist interest mean accept qualified witnesses form judgment look major control programs learn observers familiar ways wildlife unbiased favor chemicals happened wake rain poison falling skies wildlife
observations hawk mountain line findings report comes elton official natural resources council illinois eagles northern winter mississippi illinois rivers reported recent count eagles included immature bird similar indications dying race sanctuary eagles mount johnson island susquehanna river island miles dam half mile lancaster county shore retains primitive wildness single eagle nest observation professor herbert beck ornithologist lancaster custodian sanctuary nest regular uniformly successful adults occupied nest evidence egg laying young eagles produced mount johnson island florida situation prevails occupancy nests adults production eggs young birds seeking explanation appears fit facts reproductive capacity birds lowered environmental agent annual additions young maintain race exactly sort situation produced artificially birds experimenters notably dr james dewitt united states fish wildlife service
facts known fisheries research board canada conducting salmon study northwest census fish living stream records biologists covered number adult salmon ascending spawn number young age group present stream normal population salmon species fish inhabiting stream complete record conditions measure damage spraying accuracy seldom matched survey showed loss young fish revealed change streams repeated completely altered stream environment aquatic insects food salmon trout killed deal required single spraying insects build sufficient numbers support normal salmon population measured months smaller species midges re established quickly suitable food smallest salmon fry months rapid recovery larger aquatic insects salmon depend larval stages caddis flies mayflies ddt enters stream foraging salmon trouble finding occasional small
rains frequent heavy summer washed chemicals streams happened farmers applied average acre cotton received pounds farmers pounds acre extraordinary excess zeal applied quarter ton acre results easily foreseen happened flint creek flowing miles alabama cotton country emptying wheeler reservoir typical region august torrents rain descended flint creek watershed trickles rivulets finally floods water poured land streams water level rose inches flint creek morning obvious deal rain carried stream fish swam aimless circles surface throw water bank easily caught farmer picked took spring fed pool pure water recovered stream dead fish floated prelude rain washed insecticide river killing fish rain august resulted heavy fish kill river remained victims surge poison stream occurred august
wonder loved hard course tried attend things business making enemies polite viceroy watch dreamy sort say dear friend wonder heaven sure try steal saint peter keys mess pulling feather gabriel wing simply report season happened visitor simla viceroy single idea idea forget idea improve sure course idea terrible nuisance studied dreadful disease cholera lower bengal germs flew damp air stuck trees invented heavy black violet powder invincible powder insisted destroy germs cholera talk loudly beat table fists hide powders pockets whip suddenly wave noses surprised surgeon general india hospital heads country banded medical ring trying hold invention wanted viceroy help break ring viceroy understand marvelous invention
christmas eve wild night moscow don awful spirit meeting don believe ghosts spirits rapping tables nonsense friend friends urged things laugh impressive expected inclined smile heard voice saucer startled called safe friends felt uneasy drawing end repent voice perfect plainness sure heard repeat saucer obliging drawing end tonight repent distinctly addition date improve spirits felt gloomy rest meeting especially remembered friends home ways mine street lay cold darkness lamps guide footsteps rain coming torrents soon drenched skin heartily sorry set meeting set stayed night friends
capital punishment dark ages saying party clever learned house young banker host lively discussion hands soon guests began talking death penalty sorry agree banker cut course claim suffered death penalty solitary confinement judging entirely reason condemning death thousand times humane imprisonment solitary surely executioner kills stroke kind draws perpetual agony wasting abominable guests insisted lord divine power destroy restore god let tamper human young lawyer put voice doubt turning matter mind patiently justice choice live terms die altogether solitary confinement death nonsense ridiculous course wants die half dozen voices jumped statement host banker rapped table hearing
laborer walked meadow passing frog avoid harming laborer heard voice sweet honey turned saw lovely girl standing don marry continued pretty maid marry wife hard sleep find food clothing city let live girl attractive answered let married outskirts city set housekeeping cottage happy king passed cottage saw wife stopped carriage beautiful woman marry peasant asked thank replied content husband king rode thinking trying find queen palace summoned counselors suggestions told worked death lady widow planned told king palace disturbed evening talked wife
cholera terrifying york fortune able escape home cousin invited spend fortnight home banks hudson ideal summer vacation dreadful shadow hovered woods excellent summer worth sketching boating fishing swimming home fine books music hours pass pleasantly dark messages stifling city southward approach messenger horrible heralded death friend acquaintance part air blew south hot death laden disease foulness host healthier mind real misfortunes affected deeply fancied tortured feverish mind power move spirits low realize find cheerfulness strengthen remarkable comments sound reasoning words solid sense point talk general worry deal home spent conversation noticed force understanding remarks favorite points human error crept thinking failure proportion perspective element distance error aware
con father shrewd cabin stood borders counties king counties arguing land pay taxes settled voting elections balloting king father land called con acre fine story shows father shrewdness richest parish farmer harry mean ill tempered sons peter elder mat younger fight mat tired set city dublin enlisted army india farmer grieved grew sick peter elder brother telling leave property mat leave peter harry sons equal shares night hear quarrelling passed place voice weak reedy peter deep hoarse voice sunday night passed place windows lighted looking road sound footstep hear
yes yes answered road boston soon swing road turnpike road miles turnpike child wet muddy going say demanded reproachfully wrong trifle traveler miles miles newburyport boston town hartford river explained carefully connecticut merrimack thunder cloud saw coming rugg began cry piteously cities wandering rivers change courses rainy night rainy night fatal oath sound thunder horse pawing turnpike mrs middle street boston told peter rugg house asked mrs rugg house recognized landmarks spoke dead terribly hard believe mrs rugg horse pawing earth impatience hurried child waiting carriage glancing dazedly house think town boston muttered
poor moment citizens wealthy citizen mind large sums money mentioned jew alexandria banking held high respect profession call moneylender wise exceedingly rich sultan thought pleasantly wealth obstacle refuse lend money saladin past plans business ventures real security offer monarch honest citizen money show reason twelfth century forcing gift sultan reflected quietly ways citizen lose property sultan soon contented received royal summons palace private interview honest sultan visitor spoken preliminaries heard reports concerning heard wise knowing matters concerning highest kind truth mean matters religion sultan speak authority religion stood dignified silence overwhelmed sultan
opposed single handed leader standard bearer rushed seized hair hands trying bend backward beat brains paving stone yelled friends help skillfully ran lucky stroke sword clinging legs finished stroke advanced stabbed ran call witness interests law order saved citizens household robbery murder considered crime say killed citizens find motive deed surely overcome emotion stretch hands beseech mercy justice thought moved deeply called eye justice light high gods olympus raising eyes judges affected barbarity shown poor unfortunate assembly began rocking laughter poor attempts defend actions nay judges laughed till wept milo host defended shaking mirth ungratefully mocking misery woman black rushed forward wailing loudly
vera looked streetcar thought carrying lunch brown paper bag bus walked blocks overland bus company buses lined building front bus sign saying bus going york memphis chicago reading names vera want place walked busy waiting room past line waiting bus door corner led company offices taking deep breath vera pushed open door walked room full desks notice excuse vera finally woman didn busy rest attend training classes miss johnson today don miss johnson woman yes wilcox sees workers desk vera found wilcox vera sanchez pass training program re hired grade higher attend class salary training program minimum wage re chosen employment salary raised months wilcox looked doubted
training vera jerry marie learned read timetables hard read buses connections buses special fares times hard rules straight miss johnson saying pass training program phone room job promoted travel section help plan trips stay hotels rent cars transfer baggage big job seeing bags packages places company hard sky limit whoopee jerry breath today miss johnson re going phone room taking real calls luck line listening let miss johnson led phone room table sound proof dividers took room place row buttons person sat wearing pair earphones calls clicked ears couldn stop calls pushing button turned phone turned phone green light showed phones looking light vera took place picked earphones miss johnson smiled put pair phone clicked hello vera thinking quickly miss johnson phone overland bus company information service
past months vera working bus company liked liked walk busy waiting room liked endless voices phones going jerry real problem trouble vera didn working phone room nice george company knew business inside tell bus look timetable vera liked lunch marie joel barb ginny happy jerry phones quiet vera turned talk george heard mrs standish miss sanchez phone turned vera stopped turn mrs standish soon left jerry hand reached pushed button vera phone laughed laugh vera feel breath coming faster blood pounding ears knew jerry soon break vera found jerry hall turn phone asked don re talking jerry answered
mummies reminders animals ago scientists today study mummies reasons want learn distant past mummies help doctors search facts health lived ago english scientist sir marc armand studied mummies carefully studied mummies skin blood vessels bones lungs found traces sickness smallpox plague arthritis learned ancient egyptians health problems today problems group doctors studied mummy china rays showed broken arm sickness hurt stomach melon seeds doctors knew died soon eating studies showed lung disease heart damage doctors decided died heart attack mummy doctors learned heart disease learned sickness caused today ways mummies help scientists search secrets past archeologists travel look mummies search things archeologists discoveries fit facts farmers found denmark thought dead body showed signs decay
scientists sure live safely space astronauts orbited earth short trips moon landed staying space earth moon gravity things weight space gravity things weight doctors thought weightless weeks months sick bodies weak bear earth gravity knew safe living space find try united states put space station called skylab orbit skylab kg laboratory orbiting km earth surface looked flying windmill largest object put space astronauts pete conrad paul weitz joe supposed join skylab space happened skylab impossible sixty seconds skylab torn part torn pinned skylab solar power wings lab solar wing torn astronauts trip put days scientists united states thought ways repair skylab saving skylab called major repair job kind tried space astronauts repair soon arrived
pete joe space walk repair jammed solar wing conrad space moon fact skylab commander doctor trained kinds scientific repair job carefully planned tried large team earth flight controllers gave instructions radio conrad sure going conrad wearing space suits floated space attached space station safety lines move astronauts hold pulled pushed direction wanted wasn easy places hold skylab places plant feet astronauts getting caught air safety lines loose wires part space walk skylab night side earth astronauts wait dark job reach strap pinning wing space station strap pole cutter head end tried extend pole feet flying struggling heartbeat soared normal beats minute
king kong played ape suit scenes set small models buildings trees cars comparison king kong looks huge ape suit king kong walk move move kong head move face scenes kong smile frown pulling cables fastened head suit heavy bear skins hot oxygen pumped breathe scenes king kong played giant mechanical monster special effects ran cables monster body cables connected special controls scenes special effects pulled controls monster moved special effects horsetails monster fur horsehair color dyed colors match hair attached rubber strips glued model close scenes king kong holding star movie special effects built model huge mechanical arm giant hand covered hand foam rubber horsehair match body special controls hand open close movie jaws starred kind monster killer shark special effects large models shark shark machinery controls left side
early morning sun shining streets crowded suddenly terrible roaring sound buildings start crumble parts streets fall city shaking destroyed earthquake movie monsters scary films disasters earthquakes fires floods frightening disaster movie filmmakers destroy real cities set real buildings fire disaster real special effects complex tricks movie earthquake special effects built small models parts city models perfect detail windows doors trim painted buildings small trees cars streets added setting model city shaker platform platform shook model buildings crumbled fell pictures real buildings film real buildings filmed camera shaken scene look real earthquake real scenes model scenes put final film takes sharp eye figure sound helps give real sense danger makers earthquake special sound system theater feel seats floor shake watched earthquake screen towering inferno kind disaster
suppose exposure close shot saucer model close model look big exposure picture standing landing field staring sky looked small camera pictures saucer model look larger camera crew added special effects adding exposures film exposures trick shots close encounters scenes complex crew needed computer track end film hardest scene ufos picture special effects motion picture tracking system record scene system special camera computer live action scenes actors sets filmed computer recorded camera movements later ufos special effects added tracking system additions fit perfectly live action shot film light saucers blinding glow special effects filmed saucers room filled fog room filled smoke fine mist oil pumped air
turned trotted path mountain bogs nearly hour arrived bog warden directed area tomas larkin daddy fergus clamping turf point cut bog deep teams worked precision machines digging slicing bricks raised pulley stacked cottages dry water finally oozed weeks later lost weight ready burning dried bricks loaded string donkey carts warehouse township fifteen cent turf working bogs balance going derry fire lordship factories sold protestant farmers shops homes working bogs joining dry clamping season tomas larkin hard spot half size daddy dug alongside show seeing set waved broadly immediately sensed son intensity cried running daddy arms aye tomas larkin sighed terrible depth aye sat ground taking lap envied larkins
end seventeenth century irish dissipated energy fighting dozen rebellions british rule clan troublesome rising times land seized british aristocracy dispossessed replaced importation tens thousands scots ulster colonized form plantation protect crown catholic natives oliver cromwell slaughter irish crushing rising took land left ancient pale pay officers soldiers cromwell finished catholics owned cent country banished west river shannon hell connaught order break future spirit rebellion assure conquest future dublin parliament british protestant ascendancy pass set penal laws reduce catholics chattel status human rights catholic permitted land catholic permitted vote catholic allowed hold public office catholic allowed civil service catholic allowed weapon catholic allowed property catholic allowed educated ireland catholic earn crops
tomas remained peaceful barely hours talked dry jug getting bit fuzzy stretched brushed hay strolled unevenly byre door night turned entirely sweet warming rushing hill drew bucket water dunked face settled place wall worn smooth generations larkin bucket wall star irish lad lass cross water nae didn waited spot making mary brothers fishing rights denied arms uncovered fell fearsome funk knowing days weeks evictions begin stay bear cottage mary daddy tomas walking crossroads funeral procession stuffing hurt stopped mustering courage farther tomas age bit older asked diamond nodded took hand
dirty calling derry crazy ready rampage think kevin garvey called meeting deliberately tomas answered wants whiff protestant temper didn drums beating half night couldn hear singing awful songs public house unsafe church fact wouldn familiar aw woman voice split rocks bad lug derry don going hearing drums rest woman sooner learns re suppose won hearing think fair taking leaving re insisting dragging children derry privileges oldest tell upset rightly summer left hear tomas tone denoted end conversation dearest friend words true left tomas sorely hurt felt bad privileged tried convince daddy tomas blind spot
greedy chap soon owned land patents sides controlled lough fishing rights exacting toll ship moving eastward calvert created title wear apprehension planted future male heirs claim settlements mouth river part alas stars ran bang gobbling land patents east west west east say lord calvert foamed mouth awarded fishing rights lough caroline laughed heartily sounded instant father undaunted setback roger continued calvert pressed secure defense conjured ingenious scheme convincing king lease entire city derry london guilds honorable irish society created run program city renamed recognized natives overseer england colony lord calvert controlled manipulated commercial agricultural military political financial dealing untimely death drink age forty feeling caroline shock shock lord roger walking quickly fact generous calvert
poor exterior hubble manor renovation interior launched typical weed fervor month inventory hauled delight recipient museums churches south wing contained servicing facilities assaulted fury army james ii attacked war reduced shell rotted timbers plasters carted trainload initial grunt dismay lord roger settled enjoyed enjoyed wife caroline displayed organizational skills drive martinet father enhanced exquisite taste cost softened increasing number mergers sir frederick demonstrated tangible gratitude daughter happiness skimmed architects firm built hall put indefinite contract staff talented underlings master plan overlaid south wing poured legion workmen craftsmen artisans artists decorators purchasing agents scour london continent furnishings materials artifacts art south wing anchored kitchen monstrous proportions designed sir frederick top naval architect prototype finest afloat weed ocean liners kitchen south wing pieced modern stables coach house tack house mews hothouse potting shed wood store coal store poultry room silver safe pastry room bake room scullery pantries larders refrigerated rooms wild game room smoke house gun room housekeeper office knife room shoe room brushing room china room butler pantry pantry luggage room dairy linen room wine cellar liquor room fish room mammoth boiler mechanical room marine construction
lookouts posted approach abandoned stable lone moor road clear small groups twos threes filter young poor shabby surprise nearly half girls mills shirt factories stable ladder loft heavy burlap shut light dimness inside barely visible spoke low controlled tones air excitement defiance mick mcgrath quinn greeted silent nods head introduced maud snip lass brown eyes called attention gather close don talk loud thirty odd packed loft formed sitting circle father pat word called bedside critically sick parishioner groan disappointment soon meantime suggesting start discussion subject tonight theobald wolfe tone looked brought autobiography wolfe tone father told lecture held peace wolfe tone begin maud met rumble dejection raised hand tentatively crack luck maud
unconscious slammed ground quinn charged field squad stretcher bearers excitement spectators reached epidemic high lifted puffing bearers slung awry stretcher promptly ripped age crashed ground frantic directions grabbed dangling arm leg dragged sideline mick mcgrath party collision crawled hands knees moaning fetched beneath armpits pair teammates slid field plopped alongside mick tried rise face mud resume play umpire shouted uproar holy mother god cried waving smelling salts alternately noses stars ah wake lads wake youse goddammit stand give room mick unglued eyes waved head getting tune ringing ears slapped face demanded mick wailed thundering feet rumbled earth play swung perilously close fallen warriors stepped waving lads trampled rumbled mick slowly glazed eyed swished gather loose blood floating mouth spat tooth studied began approximate events
miles derry bridge crossed river side road wound wooded crest walled confines sacred heart seminary holy order fathers st columba larkin novices passing forbidding gates part smooth cheek soft hand indicating lorded adoring mothers eagerly prodding overburdened family journey short duration washout continue travel twelve priesthood gave possessions save rosary beads assigned eleven foot cell isolated building housed twenty novices home simple roughhewn stone floored dingy crucifix wall faded picture sacred heart company met consecrated brothers teachers christian brothers order afterward issued terse command monsignor entered assembly room wizened monsignor recited expected monotone seeing faces held august glow frozen apprehension poverty chastity obedience imparted equally devoid passion rules chronicle hours complete devotion tolled
lived road stranger visit taste gooseberry wine reputation profess veracity historian knew find fault cousins fortieth remove remembered affinity help herald office frequently honour claims kindred blind maimed halt number wife insisted flesh blood sit table rich generally happy friends remark hold poorer guest pleased treated gaze admiration colours tulip wing butterfly nature admirer happy human faces relations found person bad character troublesome guest desired rid leaving house took care lend riding coat pair boots horse small satisfaction finding return house cleared family wakefield known turn poor doors
hope family report misfortune malicious premature letter agent town soon confirmation loss fortune trifling uneasiness felt family humble education render callous contempt fortnight passed attempted restrain affliction premature consolation sorrow interval thoughts employed future means supporting small cure fifteen pounds offered distant neighbourhood enjoy principles proposal joyfully closed determined increase salary managing farm resolution care wrecks fortune debts collected paid fourteen thousand pounds hundred remaining chief attention bring pride family circumstances knew aspiring wretchedness ignorant children cried prudence prevented late misfortune prudence disappointing effects poor wisdom bids conform humble situation let repining give numbers wretched seek humbler circumstances peace happy
place retreat neighbourhood consisting farmers tilled grounds equal strangers opulence poverty conveniences seldom visited towns cities search remote polite retained primeval simplicity manners frugal habit scarce knew temperance virtue wrought cheerfulness days labour observed festivals intervals idleness pleasure christmas carol true love knots valentine morning ate pancakes showed wit april religiously cracked nuts michaelmas eve apprised approach neighbourhood meet minister dressed fine clothes preceded pipe tabor feast provided reception sat cheerfully conversation wanted wit laughter habitation situated foot sloping hill sheltered beautiful underwood river side meadow green farm consisted twenty acres excellent land hundred pound predecessor exceed neatness enclosures elms hedgerows appearing inexpressible beauty house consisted story covered thatch gave air walls inside nicely whitewashed daughters undertook adorn pictures designing
scarce leave sophia consented dance chaplain running tell squire crowd company return found landlord couple gentlemen young ladies richly dressed introduced women distinction fashion town happened chairs company thornhill immediately proposed gentleman sit lady lap positively objected notwithstanding look disapprobation wife moses dispatched borrow couple chairs want ladies set country dances gentlemen quest couple partners chairs partners soon provided gentlemen returned neighbour flamborough rosy daughters flaunting red top knots unlucky circumstance miss reckoned dancers parish understood jig round perfection totally unacquainted country dances discomposed shoving dragging merrily music consisted fiddles pipe tabor moon shone bright thornhill eldest daughter led ball delight spectators neighbours hearing going forward flocking
michaelmas eve happening invited burn nuts play tricks neighbour flamborough late mortifications humbled probable rejected invitation contempt suffered happy honest neighbour goose dumplings fine lamb wool opinion wife connoisseur excellent true manner telling stories dull laughed ten times kind laugh party fond seeing innocent amusement going forward set boys girls blind buff wife persuaded join diversion gave pleasure think meantime neighbour looked laughed feat praised dexterity young hot succeeded questions commands sat hunt slipper person acquainted primeval pastime observe company play plant ring ground stands middle business catch shoe company shove hams weaver shuttle
scarce thornhill butler congratulate fortune saying overheard young master mention names commendation fortune footman family card daughters importing ladies received pleasing accounts thornhill previous inquiries hoped perfectly satisfied ay cried wife easy matter families moses says sleep piece humour intended wit daughters assented loud laugh pleasure short satisfaction message actually put hand pocket gave messenger half penny visiting fair brought gingerbread wife undertook gave letters brought daughters couple boxes wafers snuff patches money wife fond weasel skin purse lucky regard late rude behaviour measure displeasing avoid communicating happiness asking advice seldom advice ready ask
studied child real happiness assiduity williams pleased easy circumstances prudent sincere required encouragement revive passion evening thornhill met house surveyed looks anger williams owed landlord rent regarded indignation olivia side acted perfection called acting real character pretending lavish tenderness lover thornhill appeared dejected preference pensive air took leave puzzled find pain appeared power easily remove declaring honourable passion uneasiness endure easily perceived olivia anguish greater interviews lovers retired solitude indulged grief situation found evening supporting fictitious gaiety child confidence thornhill passion dream permits rivalry inferior knows lies power secure candid declaration
advice cried told place advice propriety persuades marry furnishes wife surely excellent market boy told want supplied wanting yes sir returned moses markets wives europe england spain spanish market open english wives night boy cried mother england place husbands wives wives manage husbands interrupted proverb abroad bridge built sea ladies continent pattern wives europe let bottle deborah moses give song thanks owe heaven tranquillity health competence think happier greatest monarch earth fireside pleasant faces yes deborah growing evening likely happy descended ancestors knew stain leave virtuous race children
wish cried advisers fixed pillory duty honest assist weaker side constitution sacred power declining losing due share influence continue cry liberty weight throw scale cried ladies live base sordid enemy liberty defender tyrants liberty sacred gift heaven glorious privilege britons cried entertainer found present advocates slavery meanly giving privileges britons sir abject sir replied liberty attribute gods glorious liberty theme modern declamation kings king naturally equal throne originally equal opinion opinion set honest called tried erect community equally free alas answer stronger cunning masters rest sure groom rides horses animal surely animal stronger sit shoulders turn
abraham lincoln bed late night fell asleep bad dream dream stillness heard quiet sobs weeping left bed downstairs heard weeping saw room room rooms light crying sound hearts breaking east room saw dead body coffin dead person face covered lincoln puzzled mean coffin soldiers acting guards lincoln asked guards president killed guard answered crowd broke louder sobs lincoln woke dream scared sleep night later nights row dreamed going die fourth night play wife watching shot lincoln died morning body put coffin coffin slow train illinois lincoln country wept united states civil war freed blacks slaves say lincoln haunts white house
marie voodoo leader sold magic mix marie famous dried frogs bones dirt graveyard cats eyes thought small black bag marie evil marie spells took spells mixed drinks supposed fall love sorts marie slaves rich wanted wanted love wanted rid evil spells house saw weird things black cats spiders bats foot snake called lived melon blood closed doors bones dead voodoo law orleans marie knew police break voodoo rites handle talked going took part going gave trouble trouble ground bark dogs st john eve june marie crowds secret rites st john bayou fires flamed marie danced killed chickens speeches black coffin rites water marie marie walked water marie died
brown lady seen winter group spend week hall party night colonel guests played chess guest game interesting midnight set bed upstairs saw figure moving hall figure footsteps sound tell woman wore brown dress faded ghost later week saw brown lady ran closer look face face shock face lit strange light holes eyes faded smoke drew quick picture brown lady owners hall seen picture drawn hung room slept later guest asked stay room wanted prove brown lady story nonsense night carrying hunting gun gotten room hall guests saw brown lady lamp hand
morning girl named connie driving home church road saw put foot brake stood huge gray creature creature feet tall broad later connie wonder didn run road wreck slowed wings unfolded creature wings ten feet creature rose straight helicopter wings flap headed car red glowing eyes stared stepped hard gas creature swooped low car story mean connie saw creature winter saw called bird named wings spread look huge moth stuck night young couples driving roads saw red eyes eyes inches inches women drew breath driver slammed brakes asked seat answered moved thought animal knew animal looked according creature feet tall grayish color
september betty barney hill driving home canada betty hill saw thought star getting bigger bigger moving couldn tell betty pointed thing barney husband stopped car look afraid drove thing started move barney stopped car plane barney crazy course asked betty barney small plane carrying lost hunters hunting season answered betty don hear sound wind carrying sound direction barney wind betty thing hanging treetops lights flashed red yellow green blue barney started car drove road dog whined thing closer barney betty shape huge flying saucer row windows edge lights stopped flashing glowing white barney brought car stop flying saucer landed ground barney walked didn drew felt body move mind separate betty called barney hear didn answer inside ship beings black clothes
lemmings animals look rats short tails live countries snows eat winter plants grow snow huge groups start running close look weird moving rug step foxes owls kill groups run drop dead run ocean drown wondered lemmings behave recently scientists suggested explanation say number lemmings grows large food lemmings start move huge packs lemmings moving search food finally high cliffs ocean lemmings fall drown soon lemmings left lemmings eat turn babies lemmings start running sponges buy store models skeleton real sponge real sponge thousands animals animals act big live rocks ocean sponges things sponge put sponge shape
electric eel comes south america full grown kill person eel death ray death ray electric shock bigger eel bigger shock shock baby eel weak tickle maybe shock foot eel story big eel hurt put big eel salt water kill death ray power electric eel light sign power eel light sign electric eel eel power started engine electric eel shock fourths electric eel body tiny cells batteries cell makes small amount electric power eel switch cells switches shock cells send power eel kill food watch water small brown bird lives colorado rocky mountains look strange things strangest thing fly water bottom goes wings flapping holds stones sharp claws pecks stones eating bugs
called belonged prince small village keeper put inside strong fence lived wild animal keeper threw food dug hole ground sleep lived tamer keeper brought closer house tied set free leave worked keeper told carried wood ground grain learned speak sounds keeper shouted afraid strong able beat big teeth crack run faster horse river high swim loved grapes pulled vines eat liked wine drunk village children teased sticks grabbed sticks broke chased children hurt say buried village died nearly hundred ago scientists able find bones scientist named started studying almas finding stories seen stories told
surprise english teachers frustrated teaching writing burden reading grading student writing consuming student compositions dull uninspiring teachers complain students interested getting grade learning write teachers bemoan general disinterest students show writing assignments ask writing teacher talk frustrations teaching writing listen ask questions learning write difficult experience teachers students bother torture writing business anyway important able write writing school try compiling quick list ways writing high school teacher ideas list board look list board suggest writing organizing thoughts write thoughts clear writers testify writing process clarifying organizing activity writing discover feel writing weigh sides issue writing tell say person valuable experiences enjoy adulthood book important purposes aim help discover rediscover joy writing purpose help learn writing process discovery shape clarify ideas feelings
hard fired writing don care topic topic removed personal experience dead end writing grows inside means begins writers ideas feelings experiences lives effective writers shape pieces inside begin discovering say develop writing audiences drafts discovery piece readied audience drafts later writers concern matters word choice spelling mechanics effective writing begins means starting inside head chapter looked closely chapter contact hundreds brush shoulders school nod school pass barely notice media bring contact week protect sensory overload ignore part experience makes potential source writing touch writers connections experiences writing connections experience discover idea writing start sorting groups
wander rewrite paper look cindy efforts ideas free writing cindy discovered knows topic line breakers consulted juan help cindy marked specific points interview juan wanted include paper cindy ready rework piece juan advice latest feelings line breakers inclination write paragraph theme cindy feels confident form lot practice found successful school writing cindy paragraph formula easy write want say paragraph say paragraphs summarize paragraph cindy response assignment rewrite paper classmates purpose paper bring tactics lunch line cutters attention students passively accept line cutting students line cutters daily basis notice students realize allowing problem continue looking line cutters irritating types disturbing bullies sneaks line cutters discuss bullies bullies push shove front pick smaller cowards threats force
chapter continue investigate complex process growing examined social practices surrounding passage adulthood society turn attention initiation customs cultures free writings explore complexities coming age give opportunity sharpen skills writer relying writings completed chapters create piece entitled growing adult audience give maximum freedom writer options provided society growing complicated process gaining acceptance adult depends subtle factors primitive societies simpler passage childhood adulthood clearly marked transition stage signaled formal ceremonies called rituals formal elaborate rituals called rites passage description initiation boy guinea illustrates drama surrounding ritual twelve sixteen family finances suggest advisability ears pierced feasts ear piercing pay display father silver wedding property collected plans laid boy size age unimportant boy comes home playing companions told ears pierced month age mates undergo tiresome ceremony rebels
practiced writer expert case workbench merely review hand confused begin end paragraphs workbench paragraphing difficult inexperienced writers involved getting words paper forget readers depend paragraphs direct reading paragraphs writers organize messages easier read writers paragraphs create dramatic effects separate ideas pace readers paragraphs important transactional writing writers try convey information persuade audience paragraphs organize main points audience message clearly paragraphing problems solved ways planning writers decide paragraphs examining jot lists free writings mark important ideas decide rough order write draft guess paragraphs need try plan draft plan solve paragraphing problems revising draft shifting order paragraphs combining short paragraphs need expert advice revision stage teacher consultant review common paragraphing problems sentence paragraphs sign writer fully developed ideas look
middle night woke dream full whips lariats serpents runaway coaches mountain passes wide windy gallops cactus fields heard room crying gee whoa trotting tongue roof mouth stayed grandpa house floorboards squeaked mice climbed bed mice walls creaked wood visitor walking mild summer night curtains flapped branches beaten window pulled sheets head soon roaring riding book whoa beauties cried grandpa voice sounded young loud tongue powerful hooves bedroom meadow thought ill set bedclothes fire mother lit pipe blankets warned run help smelled smoke night tiptoe darkness bedroom door brushing furniture upsetting candlestick thump saw light room felt frightened opened door heard grandpa shout gee loudly bull megaphone sitting straight bed rocking side side bed rough road knotted edges reins invisible horses stood shadow bedside candle
comfortable role angry young adult wrongs feel comfortable effective positions call carefully thought strategies large dose audience awareness papers don automatically signal unimaginative writing experience piece frustrating school experience illustrates point persuasively remembering library rules high school thou shalt touch book hands scrubbed clean inspected head librarian smudge book insult literature thou shalt wear wristwatches bracelets library wristwatch bracelet scratch library tables convinced caught scratching library table high school dragged auditorium shot mention library privileges thou shalt talk library giggle grunt pull chair table noise chair pulled table inevitably fat girl stronger punched belly library wouldn give sports section newspaper grunted punch attempted flee fear blows haste pulled chair table noise
bulldozer logo progress roughly driver picture boredom spits red dirt clinging massive treads house sits quietly magnolia trees white columns peeling bone bleached grey snort black smoke bulldozer lurches forward tracks squeaking dust rising jerky clumsiness blade smashes bleached column amidst haunting sound bones breaking roof veranda settles ground sigh resignation wiry leans cane watching safety sidewalk sad place hundred remember magnolias planted break firewood don respect past convenience store gas station reminder heritage watched column crash ground progress turned shuffled sidewalk musing house hundred homes razed prince avenue area past boom area says city manager allen bradley center population shifting north side town builders merchants capitalizing services nutshell community issue polarized opinion city beautiful southern town prided stately homes set tree lined streets
visit news office remember pocket full change intend photocopy paper articles advantage photocopying look original source questions later develop helps avoid news office library clarify points verify information later want compromise copying articles political cartoons taking notes remaining clippings index news files ask bound copies newspaper issues request bound copies months span re interested seeing bound copies frequently regional libraries mad rush news office check library library card catalogue generally lists books chances finding book addressing current issue slim find city maps charts pictures related topic worth quick check look subject cards topics connected area interest jot call number title materials want check librarian media specialist teacher need help card catalogue handbook includes helpful information card catalogue page fails directly issues newspapers magazines overlooked indexes start digging mounds issues
write book writing question beginning answer vary depending interests ask purposes book let say write reasons write want need write write teacher tells write let explore reasons months summer vacation friends read local newspaper recreational park neighborhood closed summer due lack finances friends think protest closing park decide begin letter editor campaign friends write letter local newspaper editor calling reopening recreational area writing letter editor writing want let change scenes trying reopen neighborhood park sitting period english class teacher tells sheet paper put date top begin writing descriptive paragraph topics sit try think idea descriptive paper standstill scenes familiar maybe wanted write letter newspaper maybe spring bike ride noticed beauty decided write poem
choose ideas free writing assignment limit topic manageable scope list concrete specific details topic list details pick idea decide focus list later sure detail pertains topic limited groups explain limited topic share list details able ideas topic classmates teacher find students class going write similar topic talking ideas test ideas aloud sense feedback details interesting classmates interested details finally able hear topics details classmates going papers learning chapter writing process works steps compare writing process sport tennis played tennis courts didn hit ball arthur ashe chris courts happy hit ball
chapter wrote letter friends relatives telling idea triggered free writing assignment person didn worry communicated idea knew friend relative able understand letter understands type writing directed outer directed reader mind remember primary purpose writing communicate thought experience opinion piece writing succeeds audience message audience strongly influence writing style words sentences look passages follow audience influences style periodontal disease affects supporting tissues teeth consists gingiva firm pale color close apposition crowns teeth periodontal membrane numerous bundles collagen fiber tooth side embedded cementum covering roots teeth extend adjacent alveolar bone lines tooth socket type periodontal disease takes form minor inflammatory gingival margin prevented simple measures regular dental prophylaxis scaling calculus elimination local irritation fails remedy inflammatory process metabolic nutritional deficiencies involved
yeah movie ok wasn earlier shows interested opinions parents routinely ask children comes home date visit relative friend follow questions requests information movie teen feel checking chances parents interest goes deeper genuinely interested sure son daughter interested finding likes dislikes sharing opinions tells learn dislike interests process learn share opinions learn differ learn opinions reasons opinions persuaded accept reasons give support opinions opinions solid easy say ok look reasons feelings find opinion based unimportant
course american history writers voiced opinions peace war materialism non conformity early american opinions thomas paine called citizens colonies recognize independence rule crown desirable stated opinion pamphlet entitled common sense chapter thoughts present american affairs paine offers statement applies writers voice opinions issues note paine wrote style masculine pronoun pages offer simple facts plain arguments common sense preliminaries settle reader divest prejudice prepossession suffer reason feeling determine put put true character generously enlarge views present voice opinion writing sure follow paine conditions simple facts plain arguments point view arguments readers able understand common sense point finally opinion written convincing reader approach open mind writer reader opinions support opinions plain arguments fallacies
put write result writing totally objective journals henry david thoreau thing pure objective observation observation interesting significant subjective sum writer report simply human experience point thoreau making fits purpose chapter observe completely observes thing let teacher topics choose paper friend decide write topic description debate school arch rival debate sit jot notes papers finish weekend turn read paper amazed papers describing activity debaters skills applied friend concentrated describing excitement shown audience looked event friend looked event seeing thing ways single individual thing differently occasions
transcribed interview family member decide specific parts interview write oral history type writing oral history similar firsthand biography chapter want choose specific memory interview actual words interviewee write oral history action verbs communicate history readers write oral history decisions quotations balance words interviewee words writing uneven rule thumb generally words occasional quotation interviewee mood effect read excerpt excerpt help decide balance quotations anna howard ninety born franklin north carolina lives ten miles saw sitting wood heater knew wouldn forget anna type person sick hospital guess reason love anna despite illness tremendous ambition
today mass media disseminate general information vast audience newspapers magazines radio television spend hours getting news information mass media chapter learn journalistic writing write number pieces journalistic style chapter writer helping learn journalistic techniques help consumer material presented mass media journalistic writing includes news stories feature stories editorials types writing found newspapers magazines news stories convey facts feature stories describe straight news called soft news personality sketches local color non news information editorials express opinions try convince accept viewpoint study type writing depth chance write type magazines newspapers news stories type writing news stories topics events follow specific pattern based tell interests standard pattern writing news story beginning civil war news dispatches telegraph condensed details filled later opportunity permitted present news story structure developed
writing editorials writing news stories feature stories editorials offer opinion purpose persuade reader accept opinion editorial writer leave resolution reader persuade reader position select issue stand biggest problems face editorial writer selecting proper issue issues sorted measured weighed decide select issues affect reader directly choose important issues sure readers recognize importance finally decide want stand publicly issue issues private emotional sided defended issues tackled editorials topic editorial need organize writing editorials consist parts part getting attention reader part persuading reader part prompting reader action editorial written plane driven solar power essential parts editorial paragraph writer attention reader alluding greek story archimedes ordered soldiers sun destroy roman ships editorial writer story plane flying means solar power convince readers sun impossible
writing realizing think moment word realize means aware understand literally means real writing help help understand thoughts experiences help thoughts experiences real book writing realize chapter suggest ways discovering exploring expanding stockpile raw material writing chapter offer techniques shaping material interesting pieces read reading chapters won writing need practice novelist mackinlay kantor mystery stringing words solved strung lot words activities book require exactly string lot words process realize deal power writing subject subject offers unlimited supply material ultimate expert glance subject easy hard write subjects step subjects angles step face mirror face reflects joy disappointment surprise boredom
white try tell tell career journalist adventures driving continent model ford subjects pieces focuses point white concern effect classifying numbering human beings focal point piece writing blurs defined focus writers white choose details word picture rich vivid clear white stop bare outlines fills specifics ranging gray eyes social security numbers christmas necktie corporal writing want explicit elaborate fully add lots pertinent details cluttering word picture losing focus fact chosen details sharpen focus passages professional writers point notice piece prompted family scrapbook sources tapped earlier paragraph appears john autobiographical essay boyhood forties leafing scrapbook mother ago childhood drawings greeted titled sun talking winter office winter cloud stick legs host radiant ball similar legs sit ease smiling chairs furniture solar office
reached dingy grimy rickety depot section walk rapidly tracks station yard flares engines hear crash bump shifting freight cars swift sporadic thunders shifting engine tolling bells sounds trains rails familiar sounds filled exultant prophecies flight voyage morning shining cities sharp thrilling odors trains smell cinders acrid smoke musty rusty freight cars clean pine board crated produce smells fresh stored food oranges coffee tangerines bacon ham flour beef added unforgettable magic familiarity strange sounds smells coming circus gay yellow sumptuous looking cars star performers lived slept dark silent heavily powerfully drawn strings tracks sounds unloading circus furiously darkness receding gulf lilac departing night filled savage roar lions sudden snarling jungle cats trumpeting elephants stamp horses musty pungent unfamiliar odor jungle animals tawny camel smells smells panthers zebras tigers elephants bears
class brainstorm promising topics oral documentary started consider special interests skills feelings topics encourage open share feel school athletes lots say competitive sports attracted sport involved training feel big game intend continue sport high school feel exploited school community things tell craft considering subject don overlook older eager explain crafts quilt making classmates specialties ceramics local business expert crafts ranging cabinet making leather possibility travel undoubtedly visited lived fascinating places topics tap feelings ideas special skills knowledge students lots say asked ran school living person think qualifies genuine hero heroine current issue sound brainstorming members class list potential topics inside views sports local artisans places ran school heroes heroines sound choose topics
age twenty cynthia washington post won american society newspaper editors competition feature writing sample award winning afternoon bent big drawing board california studio theodor found drawing turtle sure drew turtle saw underneath turtle holding drew enormous pileup turtles standing turtle hanging head looking pained looked turtle pile asked unreasonably mean turtle top understood turtle top adolf hitler couldn draw hitler turtle says hunched drawing board making pencil scribbles original turtle drawings remembers drew king king scribble pond scribble wanted king piling conquered central europe france scribble pileup rid believe voice simply guy bottom looks drawing board smiles taking picture gotten want picture
lived york selling drawings stories political cartoons magazines judge vanity fair saturday evening post worked advertising standard oil jersey drew insecticide ads quick henry flit creation illustrated volumes jokes tried unsuccessfully sell alphabet book laid wonderfully paced mad fantasy boy named marco think saw mulberry street publishing friend took book vanguard press publishers turned easier sitting railroad train going connecticut says fellow sitting ahead didn didn real ridiculous wall street broker hat stuffy commuting train began playing idea reaction took hat threw window smiles small slightly evil smile grow ignore gave hats bartholomew cubbins boy confronted castle snooty royalty hat hats appearing replace echo anguish accounts workings imagination constant furious homage rifle target bullseye perforated father exacting shots keeps mounted wall
chapter assumed role contemporary historian lessons journalists write factually present learned rich imaginative detail learned choose maintain level language write distinct tone voice finally extended previous point view concrete detail final writing assignment chapter give chance practice techniques minutes review chapter add section writer notebook reserved notes writing process pre writing strategies add newspaper clippings guidelines drafting place notes tone point view chapter provided suggestions revision review previous notes part writing process important point consolidate learned learned previously extend personal repertoire writing strategies strategies applicable writing assignment follows assignment casts role contemporary historian noticed contemporary historians tom wolfe write chronological summaries events lifetimes sift consider significant comment sociologists analyze interpret
telephones commonplace distance rates affordable don write letters letters obsolete receive gift note says thank convincingly telephone call written invitations party special grandparents relatives enjoy occasional distance chat read letters taking write shows care coincidence save letters save photographs chapter include practice writing letters nudge catch notes friends relatives review matters form consulting page writer handbook remember form friendly letter differs ways business letter chapter concentrate business letters letters intended action refund inferior merchandise receive free booklet secure job interview getting ready apply college admission job practice writing letters action letters shorter pieces written course involve process collect ideas shape message finally revise polish message
readers writers partners creation realize literature writer fills page words words don alive reads readers writers separated oceans centuries printed page thoughts experiences real reading help writer occurred writing reader consider case poetry read lots poems recognize lines laid page words arranged sound musical similes metaphors poetry remains spectator sport inside writing poems weigh decisions break lines choose words sound sense create comparisons explode meaning poor poet understands matters non poet chapter write poems stories later unit concentrate responding poems stories written responses personal analytical unit emphasis writing writing earlier units practiced expressive transactional writing began course writing mainly clarify feelings recapture experiences sort ideas
writer talker say need earthshaking honest interesting finds talking easier writing doubt tape recorded average transcript fill pages find hard sit desk write week reasons find talking easier writing thing practice talking brought rewards cookies asked approval family friends talk solo talks asking questions making comments ideas flowing sit write blank sheet paper offers help find say say started going getting started hardest part assignment plot summary flowers research report amazon rain forest decide topic words find write honest interesting actually things write seen things seen collected stockpile information ideas feelings
started writer notebook collecting free writings lists folder notebook begun professional writers begun hoard ideas fall facing blank piece paper ready start formal writer notebook formal sense systematic sense stiff artificial need container writings wish notebook file folder holding previous prefer spiral notebook large brown envelope choose give writer notebook title personalize cover possibility paste favorite cartoon photograph book jacket gift wrap paper write favorite quotations cover writer notebook private semiprivate place think pencil reflect writer notebook write write written chapter help answer questions remember writer notebook kind diary younger purpose record events meticulous detail drank glass orange juice ate bowl cereal
earliest major oil spills recorded observations feelings giant slick ashore santa barbara california home final entry disastrous blowout ago started crowded emotional observation anniversary moment sandwiched speeches wasn daughter professor wrote santa barbara declaration environmental rights told wanted slowly read light young voice drinking cold clear water clean streams fields trees flowers grow forests birds sing looked politicians wary eyes public faces sitting wondered leave sort forests birds sing dimly remembered dream childhood christmas unusual amount thick oil found floating close beach breakers miracle winds blow oil sea rarely flash dive dark silhouette bird water catch eye beach white sea gulls black crows big crows flourish afraid
remember recall things happened toddlers hazy memory early group collected unbelievably rich store memories enjoy sharing memories family friends trips passed swapping reminiscences began remember seeing childhood friend finding batch school pictures undoubtedly led lively conversations past fact don days beginning story reminds writers conversationalists tap memories seen professional writers maya angelou teresa palomo acosta memory writing worked previous assignments chapter recreate individual places things past weave recounting events important funny sad embarrassing remember share memory writing starts kinds writing practiced step collecting raw material activities help sort past experiences worth writing approaches suggested choose promising start memory chain looking room reminds past
moment put draft read similar professional writer paragraphs story oedipus complex irish writer frank connor story narrator tells troubles father home war father army larry mother exclusive attention father returned home larry outraged share attention months father clashed passage tells narrator remembers arrival intruder baby brother sonny arrived appalling hullabaloo couldn fuss moment disliked difficult child concerned difficult demanded attention mother simply silly couldn showing company worse useless slept house tiptoe avoid waking wasn longer question waking father slogan don wake sonny couldn understand child wouldn sleep proper mother turned woke awake pinched mother caught gave flaking evening father coming playing trains front garden
begin write read reflection outstanding scientist earned fame writer suppose bones ago lost stones winds high glacial pastures suppose features blew eventually piles tumbleweed beneath straggling cattle fences rotted mountain snows dead steers things drift end corners wire thinking birds york times breakfast birds youth half continent funny thing brain memories treasure finally bring odd things wanted design meaning want marvelous read machines things small machines crawl animals things maybe saw piece times maybe knows read making protest add reach hear things dark finger guns night sky
considered audience appeal basis television programming practiced audience centered writing dealt broad audiences narrow focus messages group viewers listeners readers radio fine television seeks broad massive audiences plays radio stations content limited specific audiences play rock music youth sweet string laden recordings older audience middle road known popular music presumably age group confine country western jazz classical folk music black oriented market black stations break specialties rock gospel rhythm blues religion oriented feature foreign language programming deal talk involving telephone call ins cities support offer news obviously stations appeal especially large cities fifty fm stations try station seeks attract group listeners network news tailored listeners abc radio formed separate networks presenting news style abc contemporary network tailors news rock stations abc entertainment network general middle road stations abc information network talk show news stations abc fm network stations specializing classical easy listening music
sort mass media big categories print actually categories overlap rely verbal visual messages comic strips communicate pictures speech balloons words tv commercials printed messages seconds billboards rely oversized print reinforce visual messages newspapers magazines stories pictures kind overlap occurs film tv special movie transformed bestselling paperback watched deal tv started school learned read head start responding media closed gap find watching television easier reading books magazines exploring overlap print media visual verbal communication help close gap expand repertoire writing techniques writer learn deal film maker radio television commentator newspaper reporter vocabulary rich words related mass media difference records live transcribed tv show documentary dramatic movie help wanted notices classified ads newspaper recognize art buchwald syndicated columnist words help talk write media knowledgeably precisely exercise increase stock words related media provide practice working analogies
story begins continuing progressively specific detail story moves chronologically highlights college game reported minute minute play play account advantages readers final outcome advance follow flow game spectators reason sports writers organize bodies stories according glance story follow inverted pyramid plan sentences give details explaining reserved sentence story shaped pyramid rest story runs twelve column inches cites examples support contained early sentences story analysis beaumont hebert beat bay city report game story examples inconsistent poor play bad breaks stresses factors outcome game reports game highlights show panthers superior talent especially quickness skill press entire opening section story considered lead story variation inverted pyramid form increasingly specific details follow lead organized major reasons beaumont hebert won game
stranger ask respond immediately say tell information give say american oldest son daughter dr harris dentist secretary honor society catholic worst speller english class member club parents voted republican favor democratic party hate fried liver answers tell stranger identity don course tell don describe completely tell likely ten fifteen able shrewd guesses change future subjects book effort understand present influences series look number interesting complex questions temperament skills speech habits food preferences feelings opposite sex ambitions inherit acquire learning home school behavior natural unchangeable change find behavior uncomfortable
complex certainly important difference lower animals involves question instinctive behavior difference complex scientists admit don understand fully untrained term instinct incorrectly important understand concept despite similarities instinctive behavior dramatically makes difference lower animals instinct behaving essentially built animal inherited characteristics normal members species carry behavior response conditions instinctive behavior result thought solution situation automatic response involves thinking decision making blinking eye bright light shines instinctive sneezing occurs dust nose instinctive behavior complex blink sneeze behavior squirrel fall buries nuts future eating finds instinctive behavior watch behavior conclude offhand squirrel knowing winter coming thinking ahead storing food supply squirrel born spring mother warn oncoming winter behavior intelligent actually scientists discovered nut burying behavior wholly instinctive
conception moment father sperm united mother ovum marked beginning begin human began biological organism potentials learning human characteristics language gestures expressions emotions attitudes values countless human traits enable relate earn member society learned behaviors human human chapters process kind human depends largely brought environment upbringing takes place moment conception characteristics rest determined foundation deal influence later development believe person genetic inheritance entirely responsible appearance personality behavior hear remarks tommy inherited father temper bill born musical sure die cancer grandfather aunts died cancer jews naturally ambitious statements scientifically incorrect scientists disagree importance individual genetic inheritance reputable scientist believes important
society young opportunities join groups larger formal friendship groups terms influence values behavior conspicuous church groups sponsored church sunday schools parochial schools young fellowships strength influence depends kind church parents belong motivation joining join churches ritual teachings powerful effect aspects lives membership social organizations overlay religion parents join church spiritual reasons church convenient center wide range social activities religious teachings seriously event influence church membership attitudes values influence parents parents permit children shop church liking rare children attend church parents fewer attend church stresses values parents don support formal groups organized adults children league teams boy scout campfire girls groups clubs exist consent cooperation family influence groups exert members difficult determine members join reasons
conviction provide welfare services poor emergency medical care need stems directly christian belief brother keeper custom giving gifts expecting return basis source course concern individual human regularly demonstrate mine cave traps miners small boy lost woods behaviors stemming christian ethic concern brotherhood golden rule general humaneness relationships strike obviously find hard understand behaviors natural human beings travel abroad countries behavior demonstrates influence systems observe ticket window waiting turn line motorists totally oblivious rights pedestrians behave power power observe walking obvious unconcern past fellow citizens literally starving death sidewalk workers giving expensive gifts employers clear expectation receiving promotion return fact notice behavior disturbed demonstrates acceptance christian ethic examples clearly violates
reject values favor values originated earlier history racial ethnic group american values high respect elderly american orientals show high respect basic oriental culture accept values part american values assume father respected authoritarian growing children increasing freedom italian eastern european families father retain country ways rule growing children firm hand values rejected don specific ethnic racial group blacks lack driving ambition material success feel rightly level racial discrimination environment ambition earn frustration humiliation american values rejected simply values feel prefer family recipe cookies store bought kind involve part taste short regardless ethnic group belong developing includes ethnic subculture slightly standard american terms values ways things values behaviors range trivial fundamental involve food preferences child rearing patterns feelings husband wife parent child relationships ideas wrong ambitions aspirations
assuming gain high status ignores number realities raises questions define father status determined personal qualities education parents afford give job opportunities obligations family support received number factors control helped determine father status status related number characteristics related warmth generosity intelligence sympathy qualities kind parent person comparing behaviors related statuses comparing cultures set behaviors simply attempts solve problems environment means knowledge techniques resources represent solution outcomes later chapter error assuming family status fixes forever kind style easy noted chapter family attitudes values ways things easily possibly rest understand attitudes values behavior genetically transmitted impossible change
twelve daughter university professor passing olives cocktail party living room meet talk anthropologist field trip borneo biochemist working synthetic food lawyer concerned civil rights legislation visiting japanese experimental psychologist girl getting mixture interesting information seeing interesting mixture careers choose middle status tend spend leisure neighbors friends status close find absorbing interest rarely involves abstract ideas social conversation tends centered abstractions likely involve subjects local politics house garden future past summer vacations automobiles sports events middle status don encourage children participate adult conversations concerned children spend age group peers child listens talks group likely find exciting interesting ideas career possibilities low status entertaining home visiting largely restricted relatives neighbors share values problems status group children expected participate adult conversation
young feel limited restricted genetic characteristics characteristics determined assessment intelligence appearance special abilities noted feelings dumb smart formed basis teachers evaluations compare classmates examinations intelligence tests teacher set classmates feel smarter feel psychologists believe intelligence tests measure intelligence educational history extent tests measure motivation skill language characteristics able change certainly language skill improve devote reading don enjoy reading re chances teacher parents failed reading pleasant experience learned regard books source enjoyment persuade browsing library give wide variety books fair trial find involved kind circular process find books interest interest improve reading skill improved reading skill help find books interest need muster courage spend library friends laugh urge listen latest records
total environment live including physical social economic factors affect health risks physical environment include exposure radiation unsafe consumer products quality air water food social environment includes family friends support caring family stress living jeopardize health factors economic environment community adequate medical services housing affect health control environmental risks limit exposure unnecessary radiation choose consumer products wisely environmental risks generally individual control part change availability medical services neighborhood affect quality air breathe reduce risks requires broader community action lifestyle live greatest affect health statistics show ten leading death related personal habits behavior words eat drink smoke drugs mental attitude handle daily stress affect health let age group age group leading death disability accidents automobile accidents think personal habits behavior lead accidental deaths injuries speeding drinking driving wearing seat belts examples teenagers actions increase risks accidents let focus adults leading adult deaths heart disease risk heart disease increases factors smoking amount overweight lack exercise
paul frank football teammates enjoyed pre game breakfast home paul sat plate steak eggs home fried potatoes frank bowl cereal skim milk fruit breakfast champions experts say frank meal sports performance myths persist eating athletics athletes eat compete athletes need extra protein vitamins yeast proclaimed aids diet build muscle increase strength endurance athletes need extra calories meet increased demands sports need water sports athletes restrict water intake dehydration reduces performance percent normal daily intake drink glasses water minutes sports events don rely thirst tell drink drink glass water minutes weigh sports determine water body lost events pound lost drink glasses water replacement special beverages recommended plain cold cheap water alcohol water replacement salt tablets hot weather needed harmful don believe myth drinking milk events dry comes natural stress excitement competition milk eat diet rich complex carbohydrates breads pasta days endurance sports bicycling distance running marathon runners photo eating spaghetti dinner help prepare york marathon foods digested stored glycogen liver muscles
point bones meet called joint joints allow movement body framework ends bones covered thin membranes cushioned layers pads cartilage strong flexible ligaments bind bones form sheath capsule enclosing movable joints joint capsule lined membrane secretes synovial fluid lubricating substance generally classify joints freely movable partially movable immovable types joints shown figure allow freedom movement joints movement reduced increase support joints fuse bones form protective shield cover movement place cranial bones table shows kinds joints body locations structures sprain results joint moved slight sprain ligaments tendons stretched severe cases torn loose causing painful slow healing injury swelling sprain caused increased fluid pouring joint surrounding membrane sprain sudden twist excessive pull sprain confused fracture treatment prescribed doctor damage blood vessels muscles dislocation severe sprain bone ends moved place joint ligaments holding severely stretched torn dislocation set normal position held healing bandage cast support bursa small sac situated joint body
influenced environment experience affects persons identical twins heredity identical twins experiences explains person exactly impossible tell effects heredity end environment begin behavior complex combination inherited learned traits look table lists human traits think traits inherited learned effect behavior think biological bases behavior building part building aspect biological makeup foundation building stimulus response mechanism makes behavior floor building composed reflexes simple behavior patterns inherited floor instincts inherited behavior patterns complex reflexes floor emotional capacity born human capacity emotions emotions learned fourth floor intelligence heir intelligence animal species makes complex learned behavior human beings living things living things plants living cells living cells capable receiving signals called stimuli environment living cells capable responding stimuli stimulus response mechanism basis behavior
today dentistry expanded tooth care concerned entire oral area lips tongue gums jaws tissues mouth heavy smoker dentist health professional spot signs oral cancer conditions fact bleeding gums oral problems signs health problem opportunity dentists average workday thought manual skill precision profession requires extent training dentists complete college degree enter dental school advanced training dental specialist requires dental school orthodontist dentist straightens teeth known specialist person works specialist regular family dentist dentistry demanding rewarding learn dentistry write american dental association east chicago avenue chicago illinois ounce prevention worth pound cure dental hygienist motto dental hygienists provide health services help fight dental disease prophylaxis teeth cleaning services hygienist job means limited hygienist counseling teaching dental hygienists help patients understand diet affects dental health teach patients toothbrushes dental floss dental aids training program dental hygienists lasts high school college program requires background high school biology chemistry math hygienist working hand eye coordination
tom asked class give oral report suddenly felt tongue tied practiced prepared classmate julie hand easily gave presentation rehearsed wasn situation stressful students perceive react situation personalities shape view situation react personality largely determined experienced learned past tom experienced past failures gave oral reports similar situations experiences stress julie hand received positive feedback past gave oral reports situation stressful normal biological occur sources stress teen transition childhood adulthood body undergoes rapid dramatic profound increase production hormones affect mood emotions normal biological taking place adolescence emotional stressful period hormonal levels change female hormonal cycle hormone levels change menstrual cycle pregnancy childbirth hormonal physically emotionally stressful childbirth women experience depression doctors believed feeling psychological research shown natural hormone birth explain cases depression delayed report turned lost sleep trying assignment
psychiatrists psychologists basically perform job true false answer true false true psychiatrists clinical psychologists treat patients emotional mental disorders psychiatrists specialized physicians treatment include drug therapy psychologists nonmedical specialists prescribe administer drugs psychologist psychologist specialist studies human behavior psychologist earn master degree ph required states requirements certification hospitals schools private practice industry research areas psychologists needed human behavior interests consider career psychologist find field write american psychological association seventeenth street washington teenager emotional problems prepares enter working young child learning difficulties school skilled laborer loses limb longer perform job person problem helped occupational therapist occupational therapists specialists person upset physical injury accident birth aging emotional developmental problems therapists evaluate patient problem plan direct therapy program begin career occupational therapist completing college program passing national examination program prepares occupational therapy assistant assistants help patient evaluation treatment therapists assistants hospitals clinics nursing homes schools care centers psychiatric centers
widespread drug problem according estimates mid number heroin addicts remained half million accurate statistics number drug abusers impossible obtain drug abuse teenagers adults goes unnoticed crisis occurs national survey drug abuse conducted yearly behalf national institute drug abuse information trends drug reported dramatic increase teenagers adults marijuana cocaine fact alarmed public health officials realize prevent drug abuse emergency treatment needed drug abuse signs drug overdose reactions needing urgent care include unconsciousness confused mental person alert answer questions severe difficulty breathing bizarre violent behavior threats suicide signs overdose person unconscious apply aid outlined chapter cases call help seek medical care hospital emergency room community mental health center deal mental physical emergencies caused drug abuse crisis past person directed sources help users physically dependent drugs chemical detoxification step treatment detoxification drug excreted body receives medical treatment hospital inpatient outpatient cases heroin addiction methadone prescribed reduce withdrawal symptoms detoxification complete ongoing help provided strong psychological dependence drugs remains
tar residue formed tobacco smoke condenses chemicals found tar principal cancer causing agents tobacco smoke medical scientists extensive research effects smoking tests found tar applied skin mice cancerous noncancerous tumors nicotine present tobacco acts primarily stimulant drug nicotine raises blood pressure increases heart rate decreases body temperature dulls appetite stimulants nicotine depression body functions find nicotine calming effect stressful situations nicotine addictive drug strong effects pure nicotine content cigars injected person bloodstream death result tobacco smoked nicotine reaches brain seconds fast addictive drug heroin reaches brain injection nicotine drugs psychological physical dependence pack smoker takes puffs nicotine nicotine drug constantly strong dependence builds cigarette tolerance nicotine grows initially unpleasant side effects smokers experience subside person frequent tobacco user irritability withdrawal symptoms occur smoker stops smoking dependent smoking fall common daily behavior patterns begin morning cigarette sends burst nicotine brain stimulates smoker produce sense smoker tries maintain feeling smoking
located kidneys vital members endocrine family adrenal glands figure double glands pituitary cortex outer part adrenal gland medulla part parts produce hormones adrenal cortex secretes complex mixture hormones hormones regulate balance salt water body tissues control metabolism proteins fats carbohydrates regulate production types white blood cells hormones reduce inflammation joints known adrenal hormones cortisone check balance system pituitary adrenal cortex acth hormone produced anterior pituitary gland acth stimulates adrenal cortex secrete hormones increased hormone secretion adrenal cortex turn inhibits production acth pituitary interaction called negative feedback learned adrenal gland secretes adrenaline hormone responsible stress response actually adrenal medulla produces hormone adrenaline important times danger sudden noise dark night run quarter mile track star athletes tense excitement surpass normal performance coaches call keying adrenaline heart stimulant reduce allergic reactions hives constricts blood vessels skin adrenaline expands tiny air passages lungs relieving discomfort asthma cortisone medicine reduces inflammation joints helpful treatment arthritis effective treatment asthma
wanted special patience compassion physically handicapped manual coordination average physical strength health ability communicate age groups acting prescription therapists evaluate extent patient disability plan direct treatment program restore body movement assistant physical therapists supervision therapists help treatment need physical therapy include young children cerebral palsy learning walk braces stroke victims regaining limbs elderly persons stricken arthritis physical therapy treatment include exercise application heat cold water change patient condition physical therapy hospital volunteer handicapped find field write american physical therapy association north fairfax street alexandria virginia eyesight granted person optometrist eyes examined sight problems abnormalities diseases optometrist surgery drugs treatment include prescribing corrective lenses vision therapy exercise ophthalmologist specializing diseases structure eyes person medical doctor surgery drugs optometrist degree school pass licensing exam need learn visual perception optics eye diseases field patients part training
obstruction air passages interference breathing movements lack sufficient oxygen air inability blood deliver oxygen factors result tissue suffocation chunk food foreign object block passage air wedges lodges trachea especially hazardous small children frequent emergency situation commonly occurs restaurants drinking alcohol swallowing food quickly result food lodging trachea coughing dislodge foreign object force choking spell fails dislodge food particle death suffocation occurs think victim heart attack fact victim suffocating due blocked air passageway panic stricken victim clutches throat alert situation universal sign choking figure emergency treatment dr henry discovered sudden upward pressure force air lungs forcing obstructing particle technique called maneuver discussed fully chapter aid occurs reason artificial respiration started immediately airway cleared obstruction victim pulse cardiopulmonary resuscitation started techniques covered chapter small object find bronchial tube lung doctor attention needed immediately doctor instrument called view lodged object removed drowning frequent important administer artificial respiration drowning victims medical help arrives
accidents leading death age fact accidents rank fourth death heart disease cancer stroke addition millions suffer disabling accidents national safety council estimates total cost accidents exceeds billion accidents prevented learn national safety council divides accidents general classifications motor vehicle accidents account percent fatal accidents percent disabling injuries involved motor vehicle accident chances killed seriously injured greater type accident home high risk area accounting percent fatalities percent disabling injuries public places include public transportation recreational swimming areas hunting grounds athletic fields percent fatal accidents percent disabling injuries occur public places accidents account percent fatal accidents percent disabling injuries pinpointing safety hazards home school recreation step decreasing accidents accidents inevitable involve element surprise reason accident occurs prevented individual group awareness objectives safety education include promoting safety consciousness safety problems preventing accidents preparing emergencies accident prone small percentage involved large number accidents group referred accident prone accidents occur home job school play
rape defined sexual intercourse consent assailant threaten inflict physical harm victim rapist psychological threats coerce victim rapist threaten ruin victim reputation harm friends rape crime violence act aggression person motivated affection physical attraction women victim reported rape young males raped young boys rapist stranger victim knows trusts simple actions decrease risk rape hitch hike avoid traveling night secluded areas wait public transportation isolated stop lock car doors park lighted busy areas return check backseat intruders street run closest home occupied building ring doorbell break window noise arouse attention attacked scream loudly experts feel screaming fire help attracts attention resist experts answer judge situation carefully rapist weapon try stay calm think means escape resist clear danger attacker unarmed fighting deter crime especially help nearby isolated victim resists attacker provoke violence report rape attempted rape promptly police medical care cities rape crisis units help victims deal trauma rape
drowning choking heart failure suffocation electric shock collapsed lung depressant drugs carbon monoxide poisoning leading stoppage breathing deprived oxygen cells suffocate process referred check breathing look listen feel victim place hand neck gently apply pressure forehead tip head chin points skyward action clear air passage start victim breathing listen breathing ear close mouth look feel chest moving breathing give artificial respiration respiratory emergencies effective method resuscitation restoring breathing mouth mouth mouth nose technique direct easy administer mouth mouth breathing air pressure inflate victim lungs immediately vital oxygen person die object airway open steps shown figure outline correct procedure mouth mouth breathing injured person neck spinal injuries adults choking sixth leading accidental death children piece meat substance lodges throat prevents breathing aid giver minutes act choking victim talk cough panic stricken clutches throat chest victim breathe speak cough interfere efforts free blockage maneuver air lungs force object airway applying sudden pressure rib cage forces diaphragm compresses lungs
smiled mis ter nolan going jim want hold room letter telling didn letters woman suspiciously won paid week advance smile faded slowly expression slip anger change give week notice sharply rule advance didn give notice jim didn stay smile landlady face quiet roomer re straight find place sailors re port find room wouldn place remember mrs left key door light turned yes won till tomorrow morning nip thank going eyes narrowed wisely trouble maybe help jim taking job night mrs held powdered hand jim shifted paper bag took hand moment felt soft flesh give fingers
jim restive harry working report turned times exasperation look finally spot want reason hour finish thing wonder change jim wonder changing effect turned report tough assignments jail change times won mean number jim stood window looked brick wall opposite bounding side narrow vacant lot buildings crowd boys played handball building yells faintly closed window play lots kid jim fought wonder kids fight harry pause writing sure look em sure fight sister jim lick nearly lot marble shot saw honest harry seen split agate ten feet knuckles harry looked
jim sat hard white light typewriting letters occasionally stopped listened ears turned door kettle simmering huskily kitchen house soft roar streetcars distant streets slap feet pavement front inside quiet looked alarm clock hanging nail wall kitchen stirred stew turned gas jet held tiny blue globe typewriter heard quick steps path dick bursting house mac jim joy collect money today twenty dollars dick boy sure don eat month mac spend stamps lord goes stamps listen dick cried think hear mac joy joy door opened mac entered hello jim hello dick money sympathizers today twenty dollars boy say mac joy afternoon started crazy speech street corner cop picked joy stuck cop shoulder pocket knife locked felonious assault book sitting cell yelling son bitch top lungs
jim guy feel dan showed gopher teeth seventy apologized bone don mind maybe dogs drew nearer ground figure detached crowd faucet strolled pardner jim mac swell guy dan replied ungraciously don want talk don think heat beans mac reached hello jim pretty dan mac north woods wobblies working glad meet mac put tone deference voice heard sabotage tone pleased dan wasn wobbly top wobblies bunch double sons bitches damn burn sawmill quick look tone respect remained mac voice guess expect tough bunch dan couldn pleasure talkin em hated thing guess beans turned walked dark jim looking sky saw black flying
wind swept rows morning swaying branches trees windfalls dropped ground soft thuds frost wind gusts curious stillness autumn pickers scurried coats buttoned close chests trucks rows wall dust rolled sailing wind checker loading station wore sheepskin coat tallying thrust hands book pencil breast pocket moved feet restlessly jim carried bucket station cold cold wind change freeze balls brass monkey checker sullen looking boy dumped bucket dark brows grew low eyes dark stiff hair grew low forehead eyes red hot dumped bucketful apples box don bruise apples checker rot sets bruise yeah yeah checker slashing mark pencil bucket try smouldering eyes regarded hostility sure comin re goin checker reddened anger re going smart pad hit road boy mouth spat
damn thing didn kill jim band moved stretcher running orchard drew packing plant rumble sorting belt stopped women crowded loading doors quiet settled growing mob walked stiffly funeral mac tearing corner packing plant saw jim ran mob crowd ominous quiet moved stretcher newcomers told low tones ladder ladder body mob ahead mac jim happened tell quick move re hot dan smart strong broke couple rungs ladder fell thought broke hip mac happened kind expected guys feel grab buzzard worth worth jim asked sure tipped thing walked quickly mob dust raised feet filled air slow blowing brown cloud direction town switch engine crashed monotonously making train outskirts mob women ran silent trudging stretcher bunk houses
sad brown eyes looked tiredly mac think squad disinfected toilets told smell disinfected mac don sleep doc didn night tired don feel sleepy hour thought walk orchard sit tree rest mind company burton stood wait till wash hands scrubbed hands pan warm water covered green soap rinsed let stroll walked slowly tent streets dark orchard feet crunched softly crisp clods plowed ground mac burton wearily re mystery imitate speech re taking part re london talk re actor mac actor speech kind feel feel comes perfectly naturally don try don think help doc suspicious talk insult pretty badly word understand maybe won say hate
rifles pushed backs punched darkness leader voice thought god damn smart didn didn cops pointed guys marched road trees side thought darn smart getting daylight thought leave holding sack hell knew gag ten minutes decided told mister don wish knew feet pounded rifles jabbed backs takin jail mister jail hell re takin god damn reds vigilance committee re lucky beat crap dump county line lucky string tree radicals valley guys cops jail think nice house ways re taking orchard trees light stars shut quiet guys jim cried mac instant dropped guard toppled jim rolled trunk tree stood bolted row climbed apple tree leaves heard scuffle grunt pain flashlight darted fell ground aimlessly lighted rotten apple
mac don london leave london lifted arms joy looked small london big chest path opened easily london marched arranged crude column bright green truck sheriff stood surrounded deputies london stopped stopped want body sheriff shot strike breaker bring charge want body london eyes glowed redly simply mister guys killed laws don em mob silent listening tell want body london plaintively mister guys don hell re goin killed mister don mob rustle released breath sheriff backed deputies backed mob growled softly sounded moan london set joy truck climbed lifted body forward leaned cab started motor backed rolled street dull menacing mob fell
sounds don sound low morning mac guys knocked thought women re raising hell guys pretty shape considering burton hustled feel jim pretty sore sit put clean bandage jim sat box braced expected pain doctor worked deftly removed wrapping applied hurting dan upset afraid going funeral says started strike forgetting mac asked think put truck doc swell publicity mac hurt devil shock complications hold jim nearly tell tell re going start lift think beg pride hurt thinks joy stole show patted finished bandage jim feel jim moved shoulder cautiously sure lots mac don guy jim eat friend guess burton explained bit jim
broad muscular knees crouched animal lips snarled teeth eyes blazed red light wise guy knew london re gettin sayin london fixin sell goin round round don nothin strike doin london says lay smart cracks white forehead looked coldly re pretty hard hard beat ass anyway mister lay jim broke want fighting guys want fight going plenty square grunted sat blankets sayin nothin london stout looked jim shot kid running jim winged running heard guy say beat hell scabs white forehead say scabs coming trucks say scab tear gas bombs pocket lie jim quickly start lies scare guys white forehead heard bosses word london won deal reds camp broad muscular
town cut end crossed wooden bridge river turned road albert slowed let red haired youth drop waved hand airily drove road lay interminable apple trees drove miles foothills orchards began fall giving place stubble fields jim watched galvanized side road eighteen cops turned town hung jim big white gate albert headed stopped jumped opened gate cop cut motor leaned stand private property mac called stick buddy stick hundred yards ahead white house stood huge spreading pepper tree big white barn reared stocky ranchman straw colored mustache slouched house stood waiting albert pulled mac hello mister lady told stuff yah told milk cow bully calf slaughter em mister yah clean don mess mister barn
jim sh stood cot dan sunken face crept sat extra cot di want stay don em smell em smell shifted nervously covered baby round face protect smell shh jim maybe going smell smell part im dead poor devil jim words caught eyes grew wet tears stay seen don hurt jim sat softly don won wondered warm cold turned face going talk lisa won understand won matter bit crumbling washing bit thing lisa thing lisa telling understand listening don talking lisa saw blush creep side neck jus baby kind lifted shamed eyes
jim put knee squatted heels wanted thing straight guys fight don won re pretty sick maybe later maybe throw em chicken burke burke stepped rail needed maybe spill blood jim mac blood need pull bandage start hole bleeding re kind funny jim mac kindly re god damn don funny remember lady buying dog asks sure bloodhound owner says sure bleed lady oscar jim smiled thinly mac jim re hundred guys loss blood won hurt mac stroked lower lip nervously jim dogs fighting dogs hurt goes rest turn kill don kind doc says hate doc nice guy didn high ideas ideas didn circle wish
cops wouldn hurt jim don believe bluff want thought set set jim smiled don lisa yes lisa baby jim asked dan care lays mac helped yes don look nice hear talk re young kid talk nice talk lisa talk things look evening coming light lantern wouldn sit dark wouldn care quickly looked eyes face grew pleased notice evening lisa think things happened ago things matter town kid sun going board fence grey cat sat fence moment haired cat cat turned gold minute gold cat cats lisa agreed softly cats look sun nearly lisa tomorrow wonder move guess
serpico dressed care visit uptown greenwich village lives turn striped tee shirt pair faded jeans handy needle thread repaired patched hotel doorman spot small sign hesitation serpico part hint indecision enable confront serpico help frank serpico knows exactly doorman thinking past exist wonder doorman knew inside cane serpico leaning eighteenth century english cane tightly wound stripped leather carved ivory cardinal head knob twenty inch sword razor sharp edge point beneath serpico holster clipped belt left side butt facing forward nestles big loaded fourteen shot mm belgian browning automatic pistol oiled working order serpico goes automatic reason hottest weather vest sort serpico returned city week vacation nova scotia doctor appointment hotel arranged meet drink hear trip
attendants waiting stretcher emergency entrance radio car wheeled hospital grounds emergency complex construction serpico trundled route dingy cream colored corridor past waiting room antiquated existing facility cramped treatment room hold patients happened serpico arrived miss bennett nurse answered phone remembered looking blood drenched inert form saying dead heard mumbling unintelligible realized alive nurse quickly began strip clothes padded army jacket leather vest heavy black woolen sweater dungarees calf high boots miss bennett tried gold winnie pooh head couldn snipped chain serpico heard nurse say look lost earring knew earring simple gold circlet tried tell found unable open mouth hospital smock slipped nurses started cleaning blood face neck flow stopped watery red streaked dribble left ear left eye beginning blacken left side face nearly normal size paralyzed giving mouth oddly twisted look
hey mom replied re supposed love candles love retorted darkened apartment tried sleep cooped flu left restless tossed turned husband mumbled irritably thought fever flared worse victim strange mental aberration wall opposite hung portrait parents father drooping mustache mother hair parted middle drawn tightly painting photograph mixed feelings artist arbitrarily provided father tie item apparel detested suddenly weird glow coming portrait seen closed eyes opened vanished looked portrait reappeared ghostly wavering incandescence clearly momentarily revealed eyes parents staring superstitious person thing eerie help thinking omen going happen painting inspected sheepishly turning bed glanced windows overlooking street stopped short
sure burglary burglar shop block worry side street housing project took side thing serpico coat brass buttons glitter light drew revolver moved cautiously sidewalk tell street deserted heard suddenly appliance store carrying television set practically walked split stared serpico close grotesquely scarred face knife scar ran mouth ear pulling face proportion purplish slashes opposite cheek serpico react freeze television set don drop don try run moved slightly throw set ordered place slowly sidewalk lean wall serpico academy told suspects order ready attempt escape simply turned faced side building hands lightly serpico saw exactly feel tensing body moment bolt
woman hospital serpico turn prisoner precinct detectives questioning confederates detectives squad room nicknamed blackjack enthusiastic leather bound lead instrument ok fuck playmates detective called blackjack began answer took blackjack held fist inches business end protruded rammed rapist stomach crumpled soft sigh blackjack whistling stomach kidneys neck passed pitcher water revived put chair detectives telephone book slammed ear youth slowly shook head pain telephone book pounded ear occasionally telephone book missed ear nose began spurting blood talk finally serpico told fuck arresting officer serpico picked prisoner morning escort photo unit mug shots court getting van serpico car thought detectives night interested beating prisoner getting information idea
days later door room opened nurse started enter saw pause turn speak shaking head asked nurse cop guard wanted serpico looked told couldn told couldn serpico suddenly realized precinct patrolman guarding precinct caught cops shaking brother grocery store imagine saying station house eventually younger officers room chat walked hesitantly hi feeling serpico matter didn word sure fuck supposed troublemaker told serpico police action higher wages place city months insisted going anyway result transferred pleasant precinct queens desirable included large chunk bedford stuyvesant ghetto conversation inevitably turned corruption policemen serpico saying nurse
met robert price lindsay campaign manager lindsay elected deputy mayor mayor powerful figure city hall things price chief talent scout incoming administration introduced arnold lindsay choice commissioner department investigation approximately twenty detective division special assignment department investigation tasks took office early find head showed list candidates looked told job list captain philip foran officer considerable gaelic affability charm attached chief inspector investigating unit foran knowledgeable corruption dedicated leadership ability subsequent session continued press captain foran describing honest cop met increasingly apparent found irresistible express opinion subject asked actually rave notices regarding foran known met classes bernard baruch college manhattan pursuing master degree night talked police corruption foran apparently impressed arrange transfer served period accepted plainclothes training
course quit police department considered discarded idea walking thought unwilling unwilling relinquish concept police officer carried boyhood found clutching possibility knowing ridiculous business envelope isolated incident peculiar precinct division simply run rotten apple barrel bound ready concede barrel rotten tangible result turning money sergeant immediately tension experienced disappeared reason thought clear demonstrated satisfaction safe taking classic path honest cop closed eyes going fear meant cash divide serpico continued riot duty returned precinct worked effort coordinate activities fit pattern wanted graft collected paying happened
serpico arrived fanfare christmas holiday season division lieutenant told assigned partner arrest quota lieutenant month team divided serpico mailbox key list known gamblers division boundaries cardboard division sign official business put car windshield parked showed coffeeroom told dollar monthly charge coffee cake kind coffee serpico liked espresso strong turkish roast drink tea bring bags heard sounded lieutenant say trust cop drinks tea serpico decided let pass change pace cigars smoked lit beautifully carved pipe found antique shop reconditioned voice huh smokes pipe serpico turned talking looked division office ran acquaintance named robert plainclothesman precinct brooklyn serpico uniformed patrolman captain fink
summer psychological crunch serpico unbearable nerve racking position division personal stress infinitely worse corruption honesty upbringing instilled found living lie greenwich village friends neighbors perry street knew cop metamorphosis frank serpico disintegration pride police officer nearly complete biggest political issue city civilian review board overseeing activities police department serpico practically member force idea convinced police officers care affairs interference concealing fact cop problem neighborhood casual bothered find serpico friends saw coffeehouses invited homes appalled discover nearly universal contempt fear expressed police usual allegations police brutality police indifference calls burglaries village sly remarks cops girls reported molested lack civility professionalism serpico characterize especially hair beard
record clear hesitated break police officers derelict duty demanded agencies serpico serpico defiant don pertinent thinking re worried shook continued pad don serpico snapped christ going asked going cooperate serpico bluntly replied think maybe ordinary cop voice laced sarcasm division investigate tried tack pointed inspector jules commanded bronx borough level recently police commissioner confidential investigating unit serpico talk think serpico remained don personally heard mentioned ok serpico turned leave manner soften want apologetically department feel week october serpico sessions sheridan present
happened march sheridan personally raided bodega mrs point unaware going serpico finally brought investigation deputy inspector hellman commanding division instructed remain office hellman received phone call serpico ok let serpico recognized address hellman bodega serpico drove car bmw sports coupe sliding roof remembered hellman stood open top urging leading cavalry charge arrived bodega serpico found sheridan grimly guard dolores fixed smile face hands trembling directed serpico search bodega discovered paper bag filled policy slips freezer storeroom ordered serpico arrest mrs book station house asked soft spanish accent don money don replied brought plainclothes office questioning mrs whisked room news arrest sheridan spread quickly serpico office hear buzz conversation inside
climbed steps serpico asked guy say don think joe tony say joe prisoner halley custody turned luis floor landing building fairly narrow apartments end side facing stairwell apartment immediately stairs landing stayed stairs step flattened wall landing apartment door adjoining door painted red part chipped tin sheeting underneath showed peephole serpico put hand army jacket gripped duty knocked door free hand heard coming peephole opened distorted eye staring need serpico spanish mumbling joe voice side door called hey door opened slightly serpico saw chain lock quickly stepped lowered left shoulder lunged forward hitting door hard expecting
wasn worked evening girl couple coming delicatessen serpico speak devil block big pile cobblestones excavation burly dressed white shirt tie dark blue suit picking putting station wagon girl frail small promptly marched excuse sir nice thing re area village historical landmark think street going look pave cobblestones burly looked listen sister thing mine suppose thing arrested girl angrily marched serpico hands hips frank serpico sighed walked hey don lady asked put bricks took shield stared serpico beard flared denims sandals shield replied shit pocket looked wouldn showing serpico speechless moment official manner muster pocket understand
report police officers dissatisfied pace investigation armstrong dropped bombshell oath executive session told mayor serpico satisfied progress department investigation serpico charges replied reading record closed door testimony talked length mayor incident clear meeting frank david report allegation manhattan district attorney office considered perjury primarily fault knapp commission interrogation executive session earlier commission smarting charges political whitewash taking tough stance lindsay administration opposite hundred page double spaced transcript secret testimony covering information provided serpico barely page dealt passed mayor lindsay according testimony stated mayor police officers charged department allegations internal corruption quoted saying recommendations mayor general problem corruption including indication problem
cooked breakfast felt tired effort moving piano sleepless night weeks worry unbalanced diet cares parish combined feel adequate thing studied theology emory college atlanta georgia graduated spoke excellent english dressed american clothes corresponded american friends war began obsessed fear spied obsessed found growing increasingly uneasy police questioned times days heard influential acquaintance tanaka retired officer steamship line christian famous hiroshima showy philanthropies notorious personal tyrannies telling trusted compensation show publicly japanese chairmanship local neighborhood association duties concerns position added business organizing air raid defense twenty families clock morning started matsuo house found burden large japanese cabinet full clothing household goods set morning perfectly clear warm promised uncomfortable
mrs stood watching neighbor flashed whiter white seen notice happened door reflex mother set motion children single step house yards quarters mile center explosion picked fly room raised sleeping platform pursued parts house timbers fell landed shower tiles dark buried debris cover deeply rose freed heard child cry mother help saw youngest buried breast unable move mrs started frantically claw baby hear children days bombing dr prosperous busy allowing luxury sleeping thirty fortunately early morning bomb dropped house guest train rose half hour later walked friend station rivers home siren sounded sustained warning
dr sasaki shouted chief surgeon rushed office found terribly cut glass hospital horrible confusion heavy partitions ceilings fallen patients beds overturned windows blown cut blood spattered walls floors instruments patients running screaming lay dead colleague working laboratory dr sasaki walking dead dr sasaki patient left moments dreadfully afraid syphilis dead dr sasaki found doctor hospital unhurt dr sasaki believed enemy hit building bandages began bind wounds inside hospital hiroshima maimed dying citizens turned unsteady steps red cross hospital begin invasion dr sasaki forget private nightmare miss sasaki east asia tin works clerk related dr sasaki clock morning bomb fell extra housework eleven month brother stomach upset mother pediatric hospital staying miss sasaki twenty cook breakfast father brother sister hospital war unable provide food prepare meals mother baby father worked factory making rubber earplugs artillery crews food plant
greeted priests looked friends saw mrs wife director methodist school asked thirsty pools rock gardens water basin decided try church priests escaped fire streets fierce turn walked river bank began look boat carry severely injured river park spreading fire soon found sized pleasure punt drawn bank awful tableau dead nearly naked badly burned expired attitudes suggested working push boat river lifted boat experienced horror disturbing dead preventing momentarily felt launching craft going ghostly loud forgive taking boat alive punt heavy managed slide water
messenger father theological student living mission house arrived hills miles half past sixteen priests rescue outskirts worried colleagues city known look hastily litters poles boards student led half dozen devastated area worked city heat fire forced river bridge encountered line soldiers making bizarre forced march regional army headquarters center town grotesquely burned supported staves leaned sick burned horses hanging heads stood bridge rescue party reached park dark progress extremely difficult tangle fallen trees sizes knocked whirlwind afternoon mrs asked question reached friends gave wine strong tea priests discussed father father lasalle afraid blundering park jar wooden litters wounded lose blood
early august japanese radio broadcast succinct announcement concerned content survivors hiroshima happened hear hiroshima suffered considerable damage result attack believed type bomb details investigated probable survivors happened tuned short wave extraordinary announcement president united states identified bomb atomic bomb power twenty thousand tons tnt thousand times blast power british grand slam largest bomb history warfare victims able worry happened thought discussed primitive childish terms gasoline sprinkled airplane maybe combustible gas big cluster known truth busy weary badly hurt care objects experiment atomic power voices short wave shouted country united states industrial willingness throw billion gold dollars important wartime gamble possibly developed
soon reassurance reached household mrs concealing rate short hair started growing family relaxed extreme hatred america mrs brother law look sewing machine submerged water tank brought home saw dismay rusted useless end week september father bed fever getting worse colleagues decided send catholic international hospital tokyo father rector took kobe jesuit city took rest message kobe doctor mother superior international hospital think give blood transfusions atomic bomb patients sure stick needles stop bleeding father arrived hospital terribly pale shaky complained bomb upset digestion abdominal pains white blood count thousand thousand normal seriously anemic temperature doctor strange manifestations father handful atomic patients reached tokyo patient face encouraging
municipal government set allied military government direction city hall citizens recovered degrees radiation sickness coming thousand november population crowded outskirts wartime peak government set motion kinds projects put rebuilding city hired clear streets gather scrap iron sorted piled mountains opposite city hall returning residents putting shanties huts planting small squares winter wheat city authorized built hundred family barracks utilities repaired electric lights shone started running employees waterworks fixed seventy thousand leaks mains plumbing planning conference enthusiastic young military government officer lieutenant john montgomery kalamazoo adviser began consider sort city hiroshima ruined city flourished inviting target mainly important military command communications centers japan imperial headquarters islands invaded tokyo captured huge military establishments help revive city planning conference loss importance hiroshima fell vague cultural paving projects
citizens hiroshima continued feel hatred americans possibly erase dr sasaki holding trial war criminals tokyo think try decided bomb hang father german jesuit priests foreigners expected detached view discussed ethics bomb father attack wrote report holy rome consider bomb category poison gas civilian population opinion total war carried japan difference civilians soldiers bomb effective force tending end bloodshed warning japan surrender avoid total destruction logical supports total war principle complain war civilians crux matter total war present form justifiable serves purpose material spiritual evil consequences exceed result moralists give clear answer question impossible say horrors embedded minds children lived bombing hiroshima
finally engineering officer named gridley settled breed concealed darkness americans dug square fortification hundred forty feet side arrow shaped jutting south side overlook sloping meadow ran charles river black philip redoubt salem prince philip idea didn fraction hundred soldiers jammed inside dusty pit earth temperature blazing june afternoon hundred doubtful black belonged massachusetts regiments connecticut forces indian fighter putnam digging knoll farmer bunker property black simply appeared moment philip crouched head covered cannon ball screamed ball blasted crater hillside leading mystic river left redoubt philip looked black stood left running hand muzzle antique squirrel gun smiling shyly american army ragged black ragged free color slipped peninsula accord army didn mind volunteers bit philip prince exchanged anxious glances
george clark immense river poplar companions traveled termed journeyed ohio vast hushed wilderness paddling sixty foot hollowed poplar log marked grease pelts trip traveled river wintered tribe indians called learned tongue spoke glowingly gentle wisdom forest skills tribal leader logan difficult judson absorb amazing detail narratives wasn hard entranced imagination lifted mind eye built immense wooded kingdom dark skinned savages slipped silently game trails kingdom claim land wished simply find room pleased expected western forest part continent george clark evenings vanished sterner looking youth toughened lean blue wall red haired ghost short visit freed judson hours visits saddened belonged western forest bold enterprising fellows drifting george
grandfather counted buyers expiration indenture contracts course grandfather willing wait problem finding stable force grown difficult early century combination geniuses mother country conceived idea clearing britain undesirables thieves pickpockets whores crimes earn hang ropes answer transport ocean pounds head purchased arrival negotiated periods servitude exactly voluntarily indentured eventually eligible freedom earned legally sooner flight planter prided efficiency ledgers showed profit wouldn prefer purchase cowed completely unlettered black africa black legal status beginning vague fatally distinctive coloration easier detect fled bondage meanest petty criminal london stews white skin invisible succeeded escaping begun natural tendency seek stable permanent kind agricultural labor force outright ownership human source sardonic amusement judson recall blacks continent twenty put ashore sold jamestown colony largely british crew dutch privateer
bitter gale atlantic flung sleet november twilight philip turned front gate house street cambridge chilled clear nervous hour occasional visits wife son concluded unexpected fashion philip arrived watertown find anne feeding stocky infant breast color strength increasing daily continuing concern likelihood full scale war troubled anne kent moment father poor health lawyer lain abed weeks wracked chills constant coughing lacked appetite steadily losing weight hour philip spent family raspy cough ware bedroom worrisome counterpoint conversation regiment philip stopped tiny shop charles river employer ben reassembled press smuggling pieces boston rowboat fonts type struggling publish patriot newspaper gazette regular basis philip arrived found setting press print paper currency special currency authorized massachusetts provincial legislature talk philip regiment money pay soldiers possibility caused grumbling resentment money legal legislative act colony rebellion worth
whipped glance struggling rope couldn tied faster oxen bellowed terrifying sound echoed mountain stillness philip spun saw flogging left hand ox forelegs rear sledge started slide straight drop fastening tree finished knot sledge end swung left pointing drop newly tied knots failed hold rope snapped uncoiled trunk end whipping free rope broke leaving place precise instant beating oxen achieved results disastrous left hand ox lurched lunged ahead beast felt pull responded tandem sledge jerked forward longer danger slipping drop sudden giant yank started sliding straight melted slippery track sledge picked speed snow runners despite drag chains saw sledge gathering momentum reason deserted philip react dropped stick jerked hatchet hide belt started chopping traces don release philip yelled frightened farmer paid attention hacked traces stretched free hand jerked pin connecting front sledge freed oxen lunged dangerously melted path
curious thing cheeks pitted fashionable ruinous cosmetics popular highborn ladies able afford oblique jokes mysterious background circumstances judson questions unanswered fact knew alice worked serving riffraff frequented disreputable tavern docks stumbled place night christmas feeling especially blue memories seth mclean wife stupor alice body appealed direct proposition led quick coupling upstairs sleazy room eaves fee half landlord bit drunk invited quarters windmill street evening fee nights later morning arrived seen week alice carried cups claret bedroom handed neglecting tugged blouse casualty embrace half circle rouged nipple showed part flower alice toasted drank guessed full cup quick gulps trade tonight inquired mildly cynical peggy accommodate judson paled slut bastard hired stupid wench jersey peggy fat measurements
laughing hugged wasn precisely proposition mind boston exclaimed things smiled tomorrow market look ben letters posted england love sure mrs care abraham philip grimaced glad asking impertinent questions peering closed curtains tugged hand let pull em shut give soul evening excursion boston undertaken foot slushy roads proved fortuitous ways north square anne able fill basket reasonably fresh loins pork market booths philip spent shillings brightly painted toy drum sticks abraham anne tart comments disliking playthings reminded war ben shop looted burned british returned location doors alley young couple found friend busily working hand press publishing gazette assistance soon philip anne arrived closed shop took green dragon tea biscuits table philip asked outgoing mail
seeing judson stark eyes blazing moon lottie giggled reached legs don believe church stories souls body planted fool don re doin top face demented looking judson stared crude wood cross lottie tangled hair lottie jerked hand listen judson fletcher worked finish slammed cheek hand head snapped yelled low hurt sound jumped ran grave side dead apple tree leaned forearm rotting trunk forehead arm lottie panting half frightened half furious re turnin crazy crazy stillness summer dark deny sick sluttish voice sluttish ways told refusal answer angered gonna talk gonna stand staring stupid whirled clambered feet rushed hand lifted wanted nails cheeks eyes saw ugly stare hand lowered quickly lottie leave leave property want buried property lottie
cowper put stay royal harm didn sign serve damn israelites adams exploded clambered feet robbers stinking cowper sighed summoning courage add shove huge stooping mayo adams swung massive head reached tent entrance glower unpleasant remember pretty soon action boys gonna fret tommy musket watch backs clumped leaving philip cowper exchanging uneasy looks lucas cowper wiped forehead lord philip think big fool philip returned brown bess horse arguments dull witted adams climaxed open threat damn infuriated didn wring nerves summer days cowper mayo adams disappeared noisy street ran massachusetts tents royal righting overturned cooking pot mess prepared meals glanced philip cowper apologetic thank helping cowper waved retrieved trencher royal keeping bridle straw head benefit
abruptly george relaxed weary smile nod fault mine haven spirits lately picked coffee mug drank change situation facing need steady hands sharp eyes looked directly judson god forbid sound bible sin drunkenness truth forest liquor lost slain quiet statements told judson jefferson donald george immensity change friend george clark wasn young roamed virginia woodlands sheer pleasure spoke military commander judson gave george answer hoped friend wanted hear swear takes drop takes goddamn pleading judson tears eyes realized shouted outcry roused serving girl stool brought gray feminine head peeping kitchen stopped swish broom arch judson drowned red wave shame cheeks burning kicked table trestle shoved chair frantic leave red haired friend staring mixture alarm sorrow judson whirled arch george fingers clamped arm
extra weight difference passed point caring taking agonizing step royal body slumping minor hardship rest food water decent clothing conviction knew supposed going consisted seemingly endless road edges mud ruts frozen sharp axe blades beginning soften frozen ruts adequate damage week march sprawled roadside gray winter morning feet bleeding badly couldn impossible thirteen miles permanent camp whitemarsh bank river twenty miles west slightly north philadelphia presumably winter rest draw rations week reach place god incomprehensible incomprehensible late october germantown army close humiliation general washington implemented attack plan howe troops confusion battle orders sudden heavy fog descending turned victory rout philip heard american units lost fog fired hour germantown possibility success grasp
lutheran german denomination hope don hang sort function look yonder doin church don meet sunday philip peered past seated nearby saw royal lingering crowd darting glances anticipating kind trouble philip smiled shrugged suppose wants hear general law says sermon preacher turned soldier worth hearing philip soon realized chosen text care twenty chapter exodus perfectly fitted mood troops especially growing sense army worthy read text behold send angel thee thee bring thee place prepared beware obey voice provoke pardon skillfully began weave military propaganda theology likened lord angel army commander order executed question discipline obedience lowly private children israel surely bring desired rewards saved biblical version rewards end rolling drum pulpit rapt wide eyed audience thou shalt obey voice speak enemy thine enemies adversary thine adversaries
woke straw pallet log walled room fort dunmore george post doctor doctor hesitated cleared throat saying softly pistol ball couldn removed judson evidently bleeding internally opium tincture forced throat ease pain saving impossible judson listened detached light headed doctor finished judson whispered wound didn hurt thanks tincture endured fit coughing asked george intended head flatboats ohio george push shortly sunrise judson swallowed smiled sweat slicked face shiny flickering light room lantern pierced tin live anyway george doctor glanced despite judson feeble voice sounded remarkable judson thought feel peaceful struggle reached end rest conscience drifting mumbled question indian spy george told confessed shawnee dispatched hamilton detroit mission watch signs substantial military force assembled pittsburgh suppose hamilton chose half white suspect revealing statement doubt understood significance
essays coming paine quill course philip collected previously issued individual paper bound pamphlets re set highly legible typeface run sheets bindery gambling able eventually sell thousand copies private collectors circulating libraries received books bindery weeks ago disposed hundred copies consignment boston book shops fifty sold expected business improve philip length trade altogether exclaimed started philip stared sunny hillsides shadowed passing cloud yes anne death changed things swung face friend didn tell showed shop morning selwyn met pressing term commitment lease space rent month put frankly don want continue months opened shop ordered signboard hung entrance loft sign completed called sign painter apprentice devils practically looked genuinely concerned returned book pocket abandon enterprise
philip reached depression hills boy pointed grass philip blinked sun thinking saw anne standing hilltop lovely remembered picnic pastures farmers breed bunker ago heard distant drums distant voices push push cry terrified redcoats stormed redoubt wandering trying mark outline overgrown grass philip started hill abraham upset prospect evening company virginia charmer learn person details widening war southern states learn vapid creature paid attention affairs country thought conversation concluded realistically correct comments confidence abroad philip heard lane coffee house boston boisterous damned confidence risen phoenix humiliation early days war confidence forged bitter struggle bring military discipline disorder confidence instilled steady courageous honorable washington bizarre professionals baron von confidence heightened france open growing support ally support result centuries hatred
turn worm turn snail turn corbett beetle ben step quiet cried benjamin sudden hear draper apprentices grew stairs shop creaked mortal thing night turn benjamin partridge hear witchcraft asked mind suddenly distracted partly listening creaking stairs partly chill darkness cloud moon passed heart shivered friends stared shrugged shoulders happy ben left street going chill grew curiously sharper itched watched window waved friends jars sat short fat magistrates shelves tiny waving partridge reflected drab dressed soul boy struggle half clock pulled patched gray coat counter began put sharp master partridge mister corbett slunk stairs quiet rat stairs
dreadful thing imagine mister corbett gospel oak breathing comes benjamin pounding winter night bush ahead reach count ten mister corbett saved hurry hurry eleven late tried heart soul mister corbett liked benjamin partridge top hill fixed young face crooked smile strong imagination saw mind eye apothecary neat parlor holy place wreath feet inscribed benjamin partridge respectful memory distance clock struck ten apprentice listened dismay chance reaching home evil apothecary trapped cutting nose spite face wavered looked ahead curious frown flickered face began hurry run mumbling thin coat making haste mister corbett account sooner yield heart soul devil leave pawn gospel oak coachman turning gatehouse tavern creaking night struck hurrying boy face passed dark mixture anger dismay business hanging chops tender young
sure young truly room tale told apprentices dead night sniffed forgive young sure don want waste considered thought change mind won offended pleased young bite lip turn forget say forgot met young want foolish idea black thought black moment say paused stared young caller quaintly earnest air took pace boy stood level height maybe benjamin shade taller admit heart soul unlucky expression doubt uneasiness benjamin felt felt human shrank sudden image skinny grinning mister corbett grating heart soul master partridge want demand let muttered benjamin house smelled graveyards parlor bow shrugged shoulders led
times turned longing desperately ask betray mister corbett question stuck throat ghost bent shouldered stooping aggravating spying air cold moaned cold continued spy peer warm corner lad turnpike keeper hanging head window battered sign saw apothecary ghost stared thought began sworn began oath turned poorly benjamin heart beating furiously bail dead mutton muttered keeper shaking head ghost mister corbett returned stare chilly melancholy fashion spoke word poorly mention look bit pale chops offense don improve cold whispered ghost cold surprised dressed warm christian charity lad hopes mortal soul spaniards inn tot brandy rum half half sprig rosemary put roses cheeks lad christian eve warm freezing friend
paused iron sound filled air bells st michael hill tolling hour midnight distance bells likewise beat swung chimed night house bells faintly chimes sound laughter cheering delight secure parlors warm gleaming families rejoiced happy mister corbett wept benjamin thinking words spoke company fire betray moaned ghost henceforth alike happy betrayed willingly willingly hated words painful difference pleading piteous eagerness willingly benjamin nod reassure unhappy ghost cold hell cold spaniards sir honor ghost whispered softly tavern tomb inn rest murdered place murderer cold mansion hate benjamin shook head don hate mister corbett fill revenge boy looked wild lonely heath darker grew spirit prospect dismal extreme woods fields dark corners forsaken places bottom sea maybe mister corbett
benjamin stood stared customer tall thin winter tree fill shop floor ceiling terrible eyes burned unnatural fire account feverish cold benjamin felt pockets found jar desperate idea frail hope sir give jars exchange empty jar sir empty jar mean jar benjamin partridge asked held fateful jar knotted black ribbon voices mrs corbett children searching garden edge unknowing widow voice jar pleaded benjamin jar give benjamin partridge business health young heart soul groaned benjamin believing business devil pooh contemptuously bargain offer give benjamin partridge heart soul pretty heavily mortgaged sir whispered crushed apprentice prepared look living consisted queer piteous apothecary ghost haunt young hope
austin airplane grandmother waiting wearing white linen suit white linen shoes hat artificial cherries hello austin hugged smelled flowers grown taller flight fine austin hungry austin ate plane swung pack shoulder walked baggage claim holding hands neighbor wayne drove airport pick austin grandmother remember wayne parked front yup austin wayne knows don drive places wonderful grandpa died austin suitcase slid conveyor carousel lifted doors austin grandmother pointing lead stood sidewalk wayne waved black pickup tall truck wearing jeans lizard skin boots wayne remember austin grown boy wayne austin austin wayne whistled tossed austin suitcase truck wayne helped austin grandmother cab austin climbed grandmother smiled patted knee re summer ten days austin stared hands lap want fly fishing boys saturday wayne
gram cried austin grandmother stepped brush slipped fell prickly bushes darn boots mud austin stared grandmother holding grandfather fishing rod wearing grandfather green rubber boots fishing vest slung shoulder chest wearing york yankees cap took cap head put austin head pulling bill nose re set business leaned rod boulder put ground took fishing vest handed austin hoisting hem knees waded stream spot called austin haven forgotten beautiful yup austin laid fishing vest sand searched front pockets found jar salmon eggs set boulder spool pole called austin grandmother mean spinning reel austin glanced fishing rod snapped unsnapped vest pockets austin grandmother wrigley spearmint gum austin held empty package cigarettes matches tucked cellophane found plastic flashlight turned
reached house austin grandmother flopped wicker chair porch set corner cupboard austin belonged special boy want find okay austin promise handle carefully play promise austin house turned kitchen light took fishing vest yankees cap hung doorknob turned living room light opened corner cupboard saw teacups saucers saw grandfather fishing knife sitting edge shelf reach called grandmother porch yup austin house quiet austin grandmother sat porch dark opened screen door clumped kitchen took rubber boots stood linoleum fishing vest baseball cap set counter stocking feet austin grandmother walked kitchen living room glanced corner cupboard fishing knife shelf austin austin sitting edge bed saucer beads threaded needle knotting thread
war broke mark chased europe settle london days stack mail tom kitty waiting early tom fremont enlisted marine corps killed guadalcanal months tom death baby sandra died polio mark took emergency leave return home arrived kitty fremont disappeared searched success return europe intents disappeared face earth strange mark sadness saw kitty eyes fulfilled prophecy moment war returned look trail grown cold november american news syndicate recalled europe cover war crimes trials nuremberg mark established craftsman bore title distinguished foreign correspondent stayed turning brilliant series top nazis hanged months ans granted mark needed leave absence transferring palestine appeared local war brewing spend leave accepted mark parker fashion chased passionate french un girl met earlier transferred united nations relief athens happened clear blue sky sitting american bar passing group fellow newsmen conversation drifted american nurse salonika fabulous greek orphans
part quiet eyes searching miles barbed wire key help hundred compounds grouped nationalities compounds poles french czechs compounds orthodox jews compounds banded similar political beliefs compounds merely war identity jews wanted palestine similarity uniform misery david led ari wooden bridge connected main portions camp crossing top barbed wire walls sign bridge read welcome bergen bitter irony ari bridge exactly lodz ghetto poland david seething british subhuman conditions camp fact german prisoners war cyprus greater degree freedom lack food medical care general gross injustice ari listening david ranting intent studying structure arrangement place asked david show tunnels ari led compound orthodox jews close bay row toilets barbed wire wall toilet shack sign read
stopped nodded silently kitty eyes cold letting word accept challenge intention losing compound consisted aged religious passed slowly rows tents filled dirty unkempt water shortage ben explained bathing virtually impossible insufficient diet inmates appeared weak angry dazed haunted ghosts dead stopped moment opened tent wrinkled specimen worked wood carving held pair hands clasped prayer bound barbed wire ari watched closely sign weakening squalid filthy wretched kitty prepared accept worse beginning convinced ari ben canaan held mysterious power stopped look large tent synagogue entrance crudely symbol menorah ritual candelabra stared strange sight swaying reciting weird prayers kitty gaze fixed dirty bearded individual wept cried aloud anguish felt david hand lead david telling god lived faith god laws cherished holy covenants face unbelievable hardships
rounded gathered marched street rail sidings line freight cars stood readiness dazed shocked crowds gathered frantic parents separated children gun point times germans shot kill children laughing singing german guards promised picnic country event remember ghetto train rolled final solution hand ab weeks later landau wanda apartment shocking report report stated rounded ab subsequent death gas chambers place called information ghettos poland reported existence camps belzec cracow area city lubin operation readied appeared report dozen camps construction mass murder gas chambers head redeemers met half dozen zionist groups ghetto issued joint decree stage uprising break wall plea emotional practical jews fight held card labor battalion convinced passport
marched freezing cold passed pass assembled bottom exhausted feet bleeding hungry need medical attention special train chartered bet aboard waiting warmth food attention leg perilous journey jew entered palestine legally surrendered passport bet hundred passports distributed auschwitz addition passports bet collected visas venezuela ecuador paraguay south american countries documents hold british bay british cid wind hundred jews crossed poland relayed news foreign office whitehall whitehall urgent dispatch british ambassador prague matter czech foreign minister train stopped british ambassador granted meeting demanded jews returned poland pointed entire operation illegal contrary polish law sponsored effort force issue palestine smiled oil pipelines ambassador human pipelines known outspoken behalf jews ambassador implied british displeasure displayed practical manner
phone booth dome mark put urgent call british intelligence wish speak major mark disguising voice putting handkerchief mouthpiece speaking british accent calling wish speak major look boy mark hundred jews escaped don ask damned fool questions give phone major desk rang voice friend mark advising hundred jews broken boarding ship harbor moment clicked receiver times hello hello say hello closed phone opened report escape jews supposed boarding ship sound alert blue area commander investigate report true advise naval units move area put receiver rushed hall sutherland office convoy rolled stop quay ari ben canaan lead jeep driver drove lorries rolled exodus youngsters responded automatically result training moved quickly quietly truck ship
briefly rebellion young turks deposed corrupt tyrant despot abdul hamid ii entire zionist movement hopeful replaced mohammed sultan ottomans spiritual head moslem soon learned rebellion effect granting charter mohammed inherited collapsing empire known sick europe beginning british shown greatest sympathy felt jewish interests british interests brought basis operation turks british offered sinai uganda settlement high british officials spoke openly support jewish homeland england headquarters dr chaim russian born jew spokesman zionist movement rise british middle east obvious eclipse ottomans openly pro british mohammed lost series costly balkan wars position shadow god moslem spiritual leader slipping century ottoman reign tottering empire close economic collapse centuries czars russia dreamed warmwater ports mediterranean eternal ambition break bosporus dardanelles
story maccabees soon maccabees broke british outlawed forced underground british extent turned backs knew policy restraint fact fought defense futhermore fought british maccabees avowed enemies british intention exercising restraint maccabees move cover major cities jerusalem haifa followers tried trade terror terror large effective pace thugs officially jewish leadership happy actions haj el hands palestine throat moved ahead phase plan fanatically worded appeal arabs nations join common struggle liberate palestine clutches british imperialism zionism gangsters entered arab villages demanded fighters attacks jewish settlements beleaguered absolutely desire fight terrified refuse palestine answer appeal iraqi army officer named saw palestine revolt awaited chance seize power fortune military arm
poured energy british war effort forced swallow degradation british series unbelievably horrible events occurred hearts benevolent jews pathetic fifty foot danube river boat named crept istanbul loaded nearly hundred frantic jews trying escape europe boat unsafe dire straits central literally begged british visas british refused fact turned heavy diplomatic pressure turkish government istanbul turkish police boarded towed bosporus cut adrift black sea food water fuel sank hundred ninety human beings drowned survived battered steamers reached palestine thousand refugees british quickly ordered transferred exile mauritius island east africa sank palestine shores sight haifa hundreds refugees drowned british clung white paper arabs calm war continued badly british end palestinian jews fighting units despite general haven hurst forebodings british desperate getting manpower arabs arabs sat fifty thousand cream wore british uniforms western europe crushed german barges waited english channel invade
palestine mandate issue handed united nations attempt united nations machinery process forming committee small neutral nations investigate problem recommendations general assembly central accepted mediation problem united nations side arabs threats boycotts blackmail pressure find palestine issue impartial judgment military training speeded youth village chief arms depot rifles brought cleaned children smuggled village trucks settlements karen called arms smuggling missions assignments accepted children question kitty heart mouth karen silence karen doggedly continued press search father success bright promise la faded girl retained contact denmark karen wrote week week letter package arrived copenhagen hansen hope getting karen find father girl letters lost karen identification palestine jewish nearly complete thing
months burst flames ecstasy engulfing embrace feels strong kitty known moment tom fremont kissed kissed pressed felt power arms stood walked quick silence hotel kitty stood awkwardly door room ari moved door took hand turned stood facing wordlessly moment kitty nodded turned entered room quickly closed door undressed dark slipped nightgown walked balcony light room hear pacing floor light kitty fell shadows moment saw standing balcony want ari ran arms held tightly trembling desire kisses fell mouth cheeks neck exchanged kiss kiss touch touch abandon known ari swept arms carried bed knelt kitty felt faint gripped sheets sobbed writhed ari lowered shoulder strap nightgown caressed breast violent abruptness kitty spun grasp staggered bed
obvious middle road palestine basis strict justice united nations recommend settlement favor jews weight arab threats consider jews accepted theory compromise partition fearful creation land ghetto pale tour palestine inquiries concluded prepared leave retire geneva analyze findings subcommittee studied displaced persons camps europe held quarter million desperate jews present recommendations general assembly united nations ben canaan accepted commission travel geneva continue advisory capacity returned el days departure geneva spend sarah despite departures ari ari david ben nearby kibbutz headquarters el farewell dinner preoccupied entire evening spoke coming trip pressing politics grim reunion suppose heard mrs fremont leaving palestine end dinner
reached palestine defiance edict filled government officials maccabees united nations observers government radioed plane final warning return europe refused provisional government ordered fighter planes shot fighting erupted army troops anger maccabees withdrew battalions army sides hurled names charges justice incident buried welter insults accusations bitterness created ranks permanent incident prove final clearing air british mandate maccabees factor making british quit constant goading british terror tactics lost usefulness maccabees appeared unable accept discipline field army required fighting force seriously qualified victory city crushed morale places failed massacre village neve remained black mark jews maccabees activists individual courage nature rebelled authority incident remained angry defiant political group basic tenet force conquered problems month talks sides count american aide ralph working united nations unable bring sides
stages war liberation landau joined army israel took part operation ten plagues egyptians bravery storming won field commission months stayed desert colonel ben canaan beasts negev ari recognized boy obvious talents north tests army asked technical institute haifa study specialized courses ambitious water projects planned redemption negev proved brilliant scholar completely burst darkness warm filled humor showed uncommon understanding suffered slight stature sensitive features handsome young karen deeply love young romance plagued constant separations uncertainty course eternal tension land turmoil separate duties story israel story ari story david saw desire frustration grew worshiped karen stronger reached twenty birthday captain corps engineers considered promising officers field spent studying technical institute research institute
silver dishes glistened holiday silver candlesticks shone center table candlesticks sat huge ornate sterling silver goblet called cup set filled wine welcome prophet drink cup forerunner messiah special wine silver goblets place filled times seder promises god bring deliver redeem children israel wine symbolizing joy sipped recounting ten plagues pharaoh song miriam closing red sea pharaoh army sung head seat pillow teller story exodus relax ancient times free relaxed slaves sit rigid center candlesticks sat gold seder dish holding symbolic foods unleavened bread remind children israel leave egypt quickly bread unleavened egg symbolize freewill offering water cress coming spring shank lamb bone recall offerings god temple mixture nuts diced apples bitter herbs symbolized mortar egyptians forced mix brick building herbs recalled bitterness bondage
caught hems sagged stockings tore collars twisted today thought standing mirror small room effect dark maroon smart street doorbell rang callers morning opened bedroom door plunged steep twisting stairway stairs afterthought curious house actually houses front typical tiny haarlem structure stories high rooms deep room wide unknown point history rear wall knocked join thinner steeper house rooms top narrow corkscrew staircase squeezed quick door ahead enormous spray flowers filled doorway took small delivery boy appeared nice party miss trying peer past flowers coffee cake set coming party later haarlem searched bouquet card pickwick shouted pickwick enormously wealthy customer bought finest watches upstairs family part house shop
re going need cups sister husband coming afternoon soon children home school dashed stairs took coat bicycle inside alley door wheeling threshold voice reached soft firm dress whirled stairs room changed oldest skirt set bumpy brick streets loved bike house husband lived mile half cramped center city streets broader straighter sky bigger town square pedaled canal bridge thin winter sunshine lived en block identical attached houses white curtains potted plants windows foresee zipped corner summer hyacinths commercial bulb flats nearby ripe brown brake bicycle stand heart thudding throat daring closer fear taking place starched curtains today careened sidewalk burst door knock jammed
rounded final curve solution clear simple laughed loud wouldn school stay help tante anna cooking mama teach read strange ugly building relief comfort flooded took steps bound shhh waiting dining room door heaven sake don tante jans started wrong sure added doubtfully father mama tante anna hat tante won likes count tante perpetual disapproving scowl oldest aunts children liked thirty worked governess wealthy families continually compared behavior young ladies gentlemen pointed clock finger lips silently opened dining room door breakfast begun minutes late cried triumphantly waller children late tante re father room brighter heard tante jan chair empty tante jans staying bed today asked hopefully hung hats pegs
christmas coming shop busiest bundled bed took running shop wait customers wrap packages save father clambering tall workbench dozen times hour tante anna insisted cook look settled table writing sales repair charges recording cash spent parts supplies leafing past records growing disbelief system tell bill paid price asking high low fact tell making money losing hurried street bookseller wintry afternoon bought set ledgers started impose method madness nights door locked shutters closed sat flickering gaslight poring inventories wholesalers statements question father charge repair month father look blankly ah dear father send switzerland parts bill face lit course remember beautiful watch joy let dust
interludes forgot visiting let forget letters jewish suppliers germany marked address unknown managed believe primarily german problem going stand won put taking place germany reach inside shop person young german watchmaker germans frequently father reputation reached holland tall looking young appeared apprentice papers firm berlin father hired hesitation otto told proudly belonged hitler youth puzzle holland found fault dutch products germans morning upstairs coffee bible reading employees sat shop asked understood dutch words seen father reading testament informed jews book lies shocked father sorrowful taught wrong told watching seeing love book truthful realize error
synagogue burned fire trucks flames spreading buildings side noon father familiar route sidewalks bright yellow stars sewn coats jacket fronts women children wore pointed star word jew center surprised walked passed jews read shipping news markt wore star neatly pressed business suit bulldog face deeply lined voice fussed dogs sharp strain worst disappearances watch repaired ready hanging hook shop month month house block mysteriously deserted grass growing rose garden kan shop street open father knocked door passed noon ill answer shop remained windows dark silent weeks shop stayed closed family moved apartment knew spirited gestapo hiding happen certainly public arrests attempt conceal happening frequent father returning walk found markt cordoned double ring police soldiers
baby told hallway prematurely mother child hospital longer permitted held arms baby moment fred opened door shop blinked moment seeing hall turned deliberation meter wall young doctor seeing took actual turned white collar longed reassure fred knew fewer group knew safer poor intern gulped hasty goodbye mother baby dining room closed door fred poured bowl soup cooked supper boiled bone baby began thin high wail rocked mother ate danger tiny fugitive young folly making noise jewish children night nights youngest developed uncanny silence small hunted things weeks discover unwelcoming need place removed houses morning shop walked perfect solution
ready trial run members household climbing secret room times morning store night clothes bedding toilet articles evening put things members group spend night raincoats hats brought room altogether deal traffic small bedroom smaller nearly yard nights waking sight robe nightcap handing clothes secret panel purpose drills rapidly reach room hour night prior notice tall sallow faced young arrived pickwick morning teach conduct drills father exclaimed introduced truly astonishing lately bear resemblance gently father inquiries upstairs mealtimes favorite hour raid middle night strode room room pointing evidence lived house watch wastebaskets ashtrays paused bedroom door raid comes night sheets blankets mattress turned
routinely especially pray soon meeting attended dozens hungry believe fourth occupation coming services idea double posed fresh danger passed workers couriers underground groups coming going narrow stairs thought advantage flocks obviously innocent hope sitting supper table curfew night ten booms permanent guests jews seeking homes shop doorbell chimed customer closing bold stand curfew taking keys pocket hurried hall unlocked workshop door felt dark store front door listened moment called remember voice speaking german asked language friend visit open door fumbled lock drew door gingerly german soldier uniform reach alarm button door pushed inside took hat october twilight recognized young german watchmaker father discharged ago
days fever raged supper delivered manner mornings door squealed open woman blue smock carried plate hot gruel cot starved sight human face food tried hoarse croak start conversation woman obviously fellow prisoner shake head fearful glance hall door opened let trusty medical supply dose stinging yellow liquid dirty bottle entered cell clutched sleeve rasped seen eighty white hair beard ten boom medicine tugged loose don don cell door slammed wall framing guard solitary prisoners permitted talk say word duty prisoners duration sentence door banged trusty charged recording temperature shirt place thermometer arm side body look accurate system sure end week irritable voice called food slot food
matron carrying small stool leapt set officer stared creature terrible voiced terror women wing officer sat motioning cot gesture belonged prison took small notebook began read names suddenly conscious rumpled clothes ragged fingernails relief honestly names read understood wisdom ubiquitous officer stood feeling hearing soon ordinary human manner yes hope officer stepped hall matron bobbing scurrying stool sitting cot sewing package delivered wonderful occupation pulling threads red towel embroidering bright figures pajamas recently stopped wearing beneath clothes window ruffled curtains flower impossible number petals leaves started head cat pocket food shelf door banged open shut single motion floor cell lay letter
stood gazing jumble food cot thought woman reaching cell reducing walls prison cot chill wind blowing cleaning ordering killing tall ramrod straight woman unlocked door cell afternoon half june admitted lieutenant severity face swallowed greeting burst office briefly notary total strangers notary stupidly reading father impatient gesture obviously minor matter interrupted busy law family present opened heading cell corridor broke clumsy run strides silent woman law law german occupation government concerned dutch legal procedures family family present don let think door courtyard matron turned erect impassive corridor lieutenant dazzling early summer afternoon opened door fourth hut eyes adjusted gloom drowning embrace baby sister fifty called
took moment realize nurses seized corners sheet lifted carried bundle room heart started beat chest taking turned window began running side building chest hurting breathed remembered washroom window rear feet carried mechanically building hand windowsill stopped suppose suppose laid floor started walking walked pain chest feet took washroom window look walked strangely passed camp police stopped questioned turned mien running looked seized arm drew hospital saw headed wrenched arm free mien didn hear seized led washroom window pushed ahead
morning doctor duty clinic stamped medical approval discharge form events dragged slow moved bewildering speed dressing shed outer gate camp outfitted clothes woolen skirt truly beautiful silk blouse sturdy shoes hat overcoat handed form sign stating ill ravensbruck accident treatment signed building received bread ration food coupons additional days watch dutch money mama ring standing group ten twelve inside gate heavy iron doors swung open heels woman guard marched climbed hill lake frozen shore shore pines distant church steeple sparkled winter sun fashioned christmas card believe going siemens factory tonight march camp top hill turned left center small town feel feet swelling tight shoes bit lip stride imagined guard turning pointing scornful finger edema send camp
news needed hear spring bride haarlem tree filled air fragrance stump big haul firewood tulips turned fields carpets color bulbs eaten family tragedy churches club rooms private homes desperate days told truths learned ravensbruck meetings spoke vision home holland hurt learn live unafraid close talks slender aristocratic lady knew sight mrs de home suburb beautiful holland seen trees edge huge park set astonished elegantly dressed lady asked living ancient house yes mother told frequently aunt believe charitable rush opening side door let swish satin rustle feathers gown plumed hat brushing sides narrow stairs
brown fifteen collection souvenirs doubt found nose cone inch shell settled chas sighed put fin basket hundred couldn equal nose cone knew laundry began finding bits plane lumps aluminum black sides shiny edges crumpled soggy paper useless souvenirs kids laughed cut mother tin kettle piece number german word chas sighed tightness chest real swastika black silver scene crash complete catastrophe partial catastrophes chas found interesting picture frames hanging exposed walls stories chimneys balanced verge toppling laundry flattened completely council demolition gang piles brick bomber engines engine front garden council house windows ceiling family scurrying ants broken nest making heaps belongings salvaged breaking heaps heaps chas watched ants sympathy kind family fat woman carpet slippers horde boys assorted sizes hair lavatory brushes coarse maroon jerseys wouldn fasten neck boots steel
chas reached tugged gun barrel leg swivel snapped impact wrenched aluminum aircraft body bent breaking belt shining cartridges gun aircraft supported gun sling chas downward pulls loosened cartridge belt grabbed round barrel put plimsolls curving sides plane monkey peered edge cockpit gunner sitting watching hand soft fur mitt stretched retrieve gun lay lap wore black leather flying helmet luftwaffe goggles eye pale gray watched goggle glass tolerantly sadly looked nice young glass goggle rim thick sticky red inside seething mass flies rose buzzed angrily chas arrival sank goggle terrible moment chas thought nazi alive hand reach grab worse knew dead moment fight think re winning suddenly re lying ground mouth full salty blood re going lose start shaking
didn cousin raf gun repairer kane gave personally kane dead shot knows gave cousin died anyway home guard pedaled steadily carrot juice ancient sunbeam roadster saddle low knees round ears felt wood left bike patch stinging nettles gloves pinch wood looked deserted path carved beetle knew seen knew straight school couldn resist peep large hands grabbed help police murder screamed kicked struggled knew voice fatty hardy screaming passing housewives stopped stare hardy face grew red embarrassment sorry constable thought murderer fatty hardy hated called constable murderer girl woods polish fatty hardy face betrayed trace doubt polish soldier camp strangled waaf saturday night told woman chip shop look clues silk stocking didn
chas saw father moment mcgill sat simply fell asleep wearing tin helmet mrs mcgill hurry kitchen fetch hot meal return find face tablecloth snoring hover piteously laden plate hands wondering wake need food sleep chas sleeping father room listened radio extra french homework sound gentle snores mcgill gently times tried bathe siren mrs mcgill terrified injured killed wearing dirty underpants shame bring family don think mind getting killed pants clean mrs mcgill busy bronchitis badly cough dominated house wasn nursing walking miles shop shop things shopkeepers counters odd bit sausage ten cigarettes ten cigarettes insults stony silence deterred desperate attempts charm things easy nana low women don fit kitchen mcgill stirred heavy slumbers ask bairn bothered chas piece clean cheerful home promptly meals
sergeant jones private corporal known carrot juice lounged pink mattresses covered bunks staring candle flames waiting brew content cats safe fortress thin steel anderson arched roof solid feet earth rockery withstood direct hit bismarck patchwork quilt drafts door lay machine gun walled sandbags floored framework boards chas heart glowed pride fortnight dry bone thanks fish quay buster quartermaster neat rows shining white mugs red fire buckets brimming sand red helmets hanging wall notice board marked fortress standing orders chas sure standing orders read standing respectfully steals food fortress found guilty court martial thrown goldfish pond clothes want decent touching gun permission chucked fortress months speaks brown reason chucked lying bunks tidy
stay free stick wasteland english dumps bombed houses walk sea british called north sea germans german ocean boat steal swedish cargo ship stow forlorn hope captured killed look sea closed holster fastened large sack round middle lump rope draped marked cattle cake flying helmet flying helmet shot spy thought beard mud encrusted trousers pass tramp rabbits stuffed pockets frozen brussels sprouts set beginning sing peculiar monotone heard tramps childhood bitterly cold cutting lane woman dust bin dish scraps stout body flowered apron checked carpet slippers stared approaching shambling figure rudi hummed high pitched whine looked scraps hungrily cabbage lumps piecrust hand scraping bin knife paused
thought heard church bells ringing getting married giggled chas heart froze lull guns suddenly heard bells sweet overtones sunday morning christmas ago bells meant invasion chas mind eye hard faced hordes coal scuttle helmets crawling irresistible lines straight bars sky childhood stormed cinema triumphantly vienna prague warsaw paris gestapo knocks door dragged middle night firing squads voice awakened chas mind behaved didn resist friends hand clutched stomach tighter tighter adults sat silent shelter filled queer smell fear mistake mrs mcgill tight answered mrs plenty army deal answered clutching hand spreading chas stomach groping legs couldn friends gestapo diphtheria scarlet fever germs human wouldn sit adults shaking waiting slaughtered cattle wanted fight die suddenly clean fight dead gestapo couldn hold dead gun gun gun
wild scene top billings mill clouds boiled moon black smoke boiled lower direction clouds observer corps duty side steel helmets gleamed blue moon side red fire stan happening dock fires spreading tall black cranes stood silhouette pink flush north fainter glow west newcastle burning mill plunged darkness bomb knocked electricity cables sabotage searchlights castle suddenly half hour ago felt solid reassurance sandy move small arms issued personnel reported place duty stan reached left hand phone land line single concrete pillbox guarded coast road bridge mile god sake sergeant mullins answer phone correctly sorry sir number post sir arrived sir wait sir turned sir pickets yessir moving cars tried cross bridge refugees sir turned em sir re going round road news end sir alert yessir sergeant reluctant sounded pretty lonely
chas sat helpless wasn german sight rudi rudi talking fatty hardy police car turned sergeant limp constables van turned ten home guard wailed wonder german soldiers relaxed sort began trailing smoking cigarettes couldn fire fear hitting english couldn shoot stan cars arrived mother father mrs parton cor dad carrot juice mine jones hey think germans hostages dunno chas abruptly brushing fly germans retreating skyline getting trucks mist clearing landscape chas felt settling mind germans drove police parents began advancing fortress didn look scared hostages looked angry chas saw father fists clenched god wailed faces true night waiting storm troopers death punishments magistrate court
commander black september believe concept middle east situation restoration palestine arabs elated believed holocaust fire room abu ali controlled black september assassination squads italy france muhammad expert architect attack olympic village munich members brains black september position acknowledged larger palestinian guerrilla movement black september lives al desire lives body decided black september strike united states fifty plans conceived discarded munitions continued pour israeli docks haifa suddenly solution gave final approval mission hands young woman tossed chair faced evening comrades welcome comrade risen entered room appearance changed united states chic pants suit disarming american ready satisfied lives stable staring skull
lander whistling quietly applied layers fiberglass cloth resin mold edges precisely fiberglass shell cured popped mold light sleek fit neatly gondola aldrich blimp opening center accommodate blimp single landing wheel transponder antenna load bearing frame enclosed hanging nail garage wall light strong twin keels reynolds chrome tubing ribs material lander converted double garage workshop married built furniture vietnam things wife wanted stored rafters highchair folding camp table wicker yard furniture fluorescent light harsh lander wore baseball cap worked mold whistling softly paused thinking thinking smoothing surface raising feet carefully walked avoid tearing newspapers spread floor shortly telephone rang lander picked garage extension michael british clip speech surprised imagined telephone buried dark hair grandma fine airport later don wait michael wait
lights washington wheeled beneath wing plane turned national airport traffic pattern picked capitol stark white floodlights wondered capitol target waiting small conference room israeli embassy looked carefully entered ambassador tell watching israeli major sam federal bureau investigation reminded ranger captain twenty ago commander fort benning fowler central intelligence agency military service think pit bulldog studied hastily assembled israeli concerned war october war cia middle east section clippings tiger pass journalism ambassador tell wearing dinner clothes embassy function introductions room fell silent pressed switch small tape recorder voice filled silence citizens america tape ended spoke slowly carefully weighing words believe al black september preparing strike interested hostages negotiations revolutionary want maximum casualties want sick believe plan advanced woman principal paused believe likely country
lander joined navy sixteen home accepted flight school applied served korean war handling carrier coral sea picture album shows standing wing ground crew rack fragmentation bombs crew smiling arms shoulders lander smiling holding fuse june lander awoke enlisted barracks shortly dawn arrived assignment middle night needed cold shower wake dressed carefully navy lander liked uniform liked looked anonymity gave competent accepted today report job handling pressure actuated depth charge prepared experiments submarine warfare deep seated insecurities loved nomenclature weapons walked cool morning complex looking curiously seen arrived darkness giant hangars held airships doors nearest opening rumble lander checked stopped sidewalk watching nose slowly length
records judge advocate general department navy show lander summoned closed hearing answer charges collaboration enemy lodged colonel ralph transcript hearing records exhibit piece north vietnamese propaganda film shown hearing immediately afterward hearing recessed fifteen minutes defendant excused subsequently testimony defendant colonel heard transcript occasions records accused addressed hearing board mam later quotations considered blue ribbon commission typographical errors transcript view accused exemplary record prior capture decoration going downed air crew action led capture officers hearing inclined lenient memorandum signed colonel affixed transcript states view defense department expressed wish avoid adverse publicity regarding misconduct willing drop charges larger service lander offers resignation alternative resignation court martial lander think sit film copy resignation united states navy attached transcript lander numb left hearing room felt limbs struck tell margaret soon
wanted nod prevented pistol nose peace ladder rapidly ape casting going lander looked pensive demanded mind projection possibilities based knew patrol boat approaching side ship sight freighter hove aroused coast guard curiosity tipped patrol boat waters feet twin diesels shaft horsepower knots sperry rand spb radar crew caliber machine gun mm mortar flash lander considered setting fire freighter forcing cutter stop render aid mate scream piracy hue cry search planes infrared equipment pick heat engines darkness coming moon hours chase lander snapped present deliberations seconds rig reflector slammed open heeled big boat foaming curve freighter headed land forty miles engines roaring full throttle spray flying smashed moderate seas heavily laden powerful boat close knots
religious sees religious learned rites judaism known jew lived believed israel leave rest rabbis itching tape ribs found twisting slightly tape pull itching place satisfactory scratching helped doctor young asking questions scars laughed remembering doctor curiosity offended told professional motorcycle racer tell doctor fight pass syrian bunkers conventional battlefields marked hotel roof tripoli docks crete bullets splintering planks places arab terrorists nested doctor question wounds started thinking rachel lying dark thought began lying stretchers field hospital galilee wind blowing sand canvas sides hissing sound generator roaring moans wounded doctor stepping high ibis litters carrying awful business hit small arms fire storming syrian heights darkness carried inside field hospital light emergency lanterns swinging operating room lamps
suddenly late noise dropped revelers left rachel noticing couples danced beneath arbor musicians asleep heads table bandstand dancers close moving edith song played jukebox bar terrace strewn crushed flowers cigar ends wine young soldier foot cast propped chair singing record holding bottle side late late hour moon fades objects harden half light weight rachel barely moved music stopped entirely warm kissed trickle sweat side neck tasted sweat drop moving sea air warmed scented rose touch eyes throat swayed short sidestep balance thigh sliding holding remembering absurdly laid cheek warm hard side horse neck parted slowly deepening let light walked dawn hooking bottle brandy table passed beaded grass wet rachel ankles climbed hillside path saw details rocks brush unnatural clarity vision follows sleepless night
room quiet dark streetlights shone venetian blinds casting faint bars light ceiling eyes accustomed dark bed fitted aluminum frame hold covers patient bed dotty slept deep sleep childhood tip thumb touching roof mouth fingers spread pillow watched playground window room afternoon tired accustomed goings night nurses stir door slowly opened column light widened opposite wall blotted shadow narrowed door quietly closed stood door waiting pupils dilate light hall shown room empty patient cushions chair deeply dented vigil opened mouth throat silence breathing hear breathing darkness nurse footsteps hall pausing entering room hall moved silently foot tentlike bed set tray rolling bed table took hypodermic pocket removed cap needle depressed plunger feel tiny bead fluid tip needle
backed truck garage house quiet turned motor wind whistling scattered windowless houses logan loading stack sheetrock truck heard airplane red low passes village looking downhill trees logan saw settle dirt road strip mine logan appreciated things enjoyed watching superb cross wind landing flare plane rolling smoothly dust blowing side scratched head want company inspectors maybe say checking village plane rolled sight thick grove logan worked cautiously trees airplane empty wheels heard voices trees left walked quietly direction big empty barn acre logan knew contained worth stealing watching edge woods woman ankle deep bright green winter wheat tall wore sunglasses ski jacket darker mark face unrolled piece cord measured distance side barn
en route inspect positions syrian border stopped jeep mountainside windmill american pumped cold water rock windmill creaked regular intervals blades slowly revolved lonely sound bright quiet leaning jeep water cool face watched flock sheep grazing mountainside sense aloneness pressed aware shape position body tilted spaces saw eagle high riding thermal wingtip feathers splayed fingers slipping sideways mountain face shadow slipping fast rocks eagle hunting sheep winter lambs sheep saw dizzy watching bird horizontal reference distorted mountain slope found holding jeep balance realized loved eagle sheep perfect sight god glad real power apartment cliff face manhattan considered bait presented jerry pursued eddie stiles contact
considered listed geographically indexed trip file presidential trip persons listed area involved investigated days lead clerks protective research agents field plenty check orleans lee harvey oswald listed secret service trip file michael lander december agents white house secret service detail dispatched orleans charge security arrangements forty days lead team standard procedure december jack leader detail preliminary report earl biggs white house stadium anytime president appeared public feel exposure crawling skin stadium home green wave sugar bowl classic orleans saints largest steel stadium rusty gray tan area beneath stands forest girders beams nightmare search secret service agents spent days climbing stadium walked field seats threatened booth high west side stadium end press gallery useless knew president consent case inclement weather
standing room tickets sold bringing total expected attendance super bowl fans gamblers thieves whores police busy airport thursday watched arrival washington redskins miami dolphins itchy crowd remembering israeli athletes died munich airport scanned faces fans paid attention players planes waving cheering crowd muhammad stood foot bed infirmary stared arab minutes large fbi agents finally spoke leave american custody dead americans israel stand trial munich hang week happy tell plastic hidden convict smuggling charge serve maybe sure believe israel threat won sure believe consider eyes narrowed slits head jerked stream spittle flew front shirt effort painful strapped shoulder braces grimaced lay pillow
piece business settled waited lander finished eating lying bed holding lander mangled hand michael want fly don think need want help want want wouldn hear airport airport anyway michael weight won difference degrees aircraft standing sun morning course superheat michael rolled looked face red pillow marks cheek shot bags gondola fast beneath seat trim re held close talk anymore lander rose helped dress cheeks hollow tanning lotion face helped disguise pallor took syringe medical kit rolled lander sleeve deadened small patch forearm took smaller hypodermic syringe
foot hook face visible opening belly chopper talking hook slid fin fin rising swinging hit knocked swinging passing length rope rudder fin beneath top rudder hinge snapping loop hook arm waving helicopter strained upward cable hardening body steel bar lander crawling blood slick floor gondola fuse felt floor tilt sharply sliding scrabbled handhold floor helicopter clawed air tail blimp degrees nose bumping football field spectators screaming running exits jammed fought lander hear cries strained fuse lighter hand nose blimp dragged stands crowd scattering caught flagpoles top stadium lurched clear moving houses river helicopter engine screaming looking standing fin holding cable river river jackson temperature gauge climbed red thumb poised red drop button
majority women children hard bunks sick cholera famine fever illnesses caused rotten food moldy bread tuberculosis pneumonia constant frail wailing air disembodied older girl children slept upper bunks sick slept lower clutched sides starved mothers light darkened swiftly winter cold increased joseph francis xavier felt saw dying mother thirty heard bitter crying knew brother sean scarcely sean crying perpetually hungry cold frightened supper ten minutes bowl thin oatmeal slice coarse dry bread smelled mice joseph turn sean hear wailing children weeping sick women steerage look bunks lined sides narrow tilting deck mind passionate determination fixed mother willed live quiet cold hunger destitution pain chill hatred break joseph eaten supper pushed bowl sister mary bridget entreated thought extraneous mother die took hand eyes face die
joseph felt awful sickness humiliation true ireland irish despised reviled persecuted turn stoutly despised reviled irishman felt inferior betters english walked lived proudly starving raised piteous cry succor sympathy joseph guessed america irishman permitted pride race faith meet indifference contempt rejection cattle oily wet accompanied amorphous figures huddled cold storm joseph guessed truth fully understood suddenly remembered father written joyously warmth wages written found brother irishmen fled famine mention americans gossip neighbors bits news concerning fellow workers remark church rooming house daniel worked janitor attended mass closed visits blessed sacrament holy days daniel written mass sunday daniel spoken freedom america left ireland
john tyler names seceding southern states union initial affair fort sumter agony president lincoln unimportant joseph winter deepened pertained family unimportant wasted penny newspaper stopped streets town hear shouts angry words crowds listen fellow workers talked excitedly buchanan cobb floyd major anderson aliens alien concerned language spoke resound lives touch permit touch mrs fearfully terrible threat war states replied impatience interested mistress stared incredulously believing considered enigmatic simple comprehension felt flesh blood possess sentiments concerns deeply frightened suffering silently retreated pondered conclusion lincoln train passed winfield route pittsburgh holiday depot glimpse melancholy washington inaugural president
wanted handle business sons smile grew wider glistening fonder studied raw youth plain clothing ed getting senile remembered considerable number junior wafted visitors black leather chairs office sat mahogany desk folded hands preparing pray suffused face love attention office large warm october chill fire rustled briskly grate black marble fireplace worthy ives prints paneled walls noble view distant gaudy hills resplendent autumn fire wide window brilliant sky blue polished enamel sharp horse radish boyo says middle octave organ note higher respect opinion wore signet ring watch chain solid reliable sunlight lay imposing wall law books deep crimson thick rug fingernails broad shallow faintly tinted pink shone buffing hell thought looked closely joseph scrutinizing turn
joseph spent rest studying searching reports worked enterprises thousand dollars income ten days brothels titusville vicinity expenses illicit gambling huge source income discreet notations effect drinking supplies vastly increasing incomes saloons include revenues pittsburgh philadelphia york boston separate items lock key income oil wells joseph summarized desk monthly task april warm stuffy sun shone brightly dull mutter thunder air wages sin thought joseph hell comfortable age universal respect admiration impressive funeral thought sister elizabeth religious known smiled wages humble unknown graves lives adversity service remembered god thought joseph terms left early remembering message sun brighter vivid morning eastern sky turned purple ominous things buildings streets walks dusty roads suffused especially hurting light joseph noticed fellows habitations
joseph titusville pennsylvania knew expression seen faces british officers resembled knew reason ready deviltry surface francis comes ireland believe thought colonel mingled satisfaction contempt obvious serene aloof face stern pick turned joseph began fast chattering giving news city war slowly loud emphasis glad sir finally put irish rebellion city orders shoot rioters spot excellent soon retired hovels gutters caves central park rats tails legs insult palpable intended joseph fists clenched started blindly colonel lust kill felt past rose reddened eyesight colonel soldier instinct turned immediately open happiest smile present company excepted course francis joseph stopped shaking cold anger looked mocking contemptuous eyes present company excepted sir say soldiers brutes incapable reason capacity thought obey orders mindlessly gun
grown enormously fat loving drink food passion full blooded loved women limited extent loved money physical joy living drab monotonous dull melancholy depressing matter weather occasion infinite interest private celebration pleasure involvement laughter enjoyment shrewd money cautious gratification fact viewed money source power manipulate irish soul rejoiced means rapturous satisfying joseph thinks grow older appetites begin joe milky mouth loves milk birth dies love sure impotent happens lads real stops loving women stomach turn don stop loving meals drinks makes mad enjoy dies pure hearts call bad damned milk honey heaven
course oldest young invited party accompany foolish rest boys mama thought fitting polite nervous boys clammy gloved hands pimples mama sense married father murmured joseph age thirteen difference ridiculous strange mama attached joseph thank god bernadette suspected disillusioned eyes saw detected joseph powerful unshakable love mother saw courtesy courtliness katherine deference slight overt tenderness naturally give woman mama age mama older women bernadette persuaded joseph attentions mother unnaturally gentle sake girl ardently pursued young boston york brothers schoolmates young philadelphia pittsburgh winfield doubt need lift finger joseph fall feet intended lift finger tomorrow knew amused joseph witticisms bordered irony believed loved sister devotedly guessed times amused liveliness vitality
bent head white forehead arch nose wondered sudden alarm immured girl slightest idea hostess rowdy bernadette poise natural breeding met scores acquaintances vicious expedient politicians entrepreneurs met worked managed countless enterprises ramifications concealed manipulations undertook politicians brought public attention nominated elected careful let cynicism manipulations supported money publicity newspapers thought believed politics chosen met house green hills philadelphia town house york boston convinced innocence sister prevented knowing truth guessing rascals bowed hand suddenly thought tom stared sharply repeated matter meant say girl answered quietly stopped loving sister
harry depressed thinking episode weeks ago joseph shown signs softening business matter blizzard york tuesday severe blizzard elizabeth rooms quiet small hotel warm lamplight firelight dressed carefully joseph favorite color matched pale green eyes gown tight bodice draped bustle twinkled brilliant buttons style dressing hair arranged smooth light yellow wings calm face knotted large nape wore emeralds wore green hills improved appreciation food remained simple roast chicken savory dressing hearty soup salad rose wine plain pastries deal tea consumption tea surprised addition perfumed violet scent favorite guessed preferred grow older darling removed snowy greatcoat hat gloves kissed curious reticence yes lady forty elizabeth tranquil voice love loves grows
tonight decided aunt emma confidence refused accomplice mention brother adored young maggie fond rory reminding prudent thought clandestine romance exciting nature romantic reading french novels brother found reprehensible trying hide small marjorie fat rosy sweet face untidy dress arrange brown gray hair neatly spilling neck ears thrusting hairpins laughing suitor girl young woman fifty frequently hinted tragic love affair sigh moist eyes murmur papa marjorie hug kiss console feared brother albert understand marjorie fear marjorie feared times feared losing rory found duality nature infinitely fascinating mistrusted rory presented family firmness disposition constancy angry
evil spark began grow depths eyes sucked lips watched daughter glazed look wore dinner night spread face crackled webbed china elizabeth asked ann marie recognize voice hideous elation lay breathless excitement secret uncontrollable jubilation fascinated ann marie fear grew mama courtney morning going tell hesitated wanted later tell bernadette spoke softly viciously looked distance dare going tell mother ann marie felt draining withering mama don care say going married stop dreadful vibration legs arms don think don think bernadette turned jumping eyes daughter don think law mama law legal impediment courtney thinks religious bernadette smiling exultant
sound servants white mansion night joseph upstairs passed bernadette room door open light inside paused moonlight ran room obliterated saw lying floor windows stirring speaking knelt moonlight flared saw wet swollen face yearning grief eyes put arms shoulders drew held cried ashamed longer impatient dear don cry knew moment crying ann marie believe bernadette leave swear god leave dinner bell rang softly downstairs hand hand bernadette large red face brighter younger joseph rory death twin sister urged return continue mission rory death unexpected grateful green hills ann marie died
recent events recounted modulated voices violated decorum gross impudence idiocy escaped feeble comprehension sat listened parody attention disturbed look stared papers oval table avenue traffic bellowed late summer heat struck windows intention republican elected democrat choosing taft impossible amenable quarreled roosevelt recently shouted taft hypocrite hat ring teddy cried fight stripped buff joseph impatience divide republican party candidates taft roosevelt rory supposed win elaborate patience roosevelt run progressive party ticket coined phrase nationalism voters intrigued love word roosevelt wishes square deal poker expression liked voters love marvelous grin infectious suggested phrase bull moose party word delighted
young friend rory senator son laughing band playing hundreds thousands struggling rory shake hand shout support shining damned sun sight sore eyes dada friend tell gentlemen pol tears eyes joy couldn prouder happier rory flesh blood knew ready smile joke sparkle scholar gentleman senator rory lived nominated elected yes sir damned president country seen america loss gentlemen parents loss god console mercy excuse minute won wipe eyes terrible thing handsomeness vigor young wife children heart breaks young widow brave beautiful breaking heart shattered standing grave black veils statue shedding tear
memories friction father mother nearly odds father beat fact mother pretty education don educated woman suppose resist temptation correct uneducated put smooth words grab father belligerent children older beat savagely broke rules rules hard nearly whippings mother thought lot actually believe white father subconsciously afflicted white brainwashing negroes inclined favor light lightest child negro parents days instinctively treat lighter children darker directly slavery tradition mulatto visibly nearer white images father home role baptist preacher regular church visiting preacher remember especially favorite sermon black train comin business
mrs bigger husband remember big buxom robust laughing woman thin black hair black mustache red face quiet polite liked mrs showed room room huge dormitory buildings kids detention days places discovered surprise allowed eat eaten white grown white seventh country meetings wasn exclusive privilege course troublesome boys girls detention home locked run caught brought ate sitting head tables white cook helper recall lucille lathrop names haven thought twenty lucille treated husband lathrop worked stayed detention home weekends lucille noticed white smelled food tasted seasoned negro cooking began sweep mop dust house big boy
letter wilfred hilda lansing told winding narrow cobblestoned streets houses jammed downtown boston wrote biggest stores seen white restaurants hotels mind going movie fine air conditioned theaters massachusetts avenue door theater huge exciting ballroom big posters front advertised nationally famous bands white negro played coming week glenn miller remember thinking nearly evening music mason high school dances glenn miller records wouldn crowd wondered standing glenn miller band actually going play didn familiar going ella began grow concerned finally sight seeing didn stick hill dropping hints mingle nice young age seen townsend drugstore blocks house couple places boston felt acted age kid class younger brother
numbers controllers small regulars offered jobs runner meant earn build clientele sammy felt abilities direction certainly starve death trying recruit prostitutes peddling reefers sammy pretty soon agreed thing uninvolved lone wolf type operation money immediately brains experience needed especially knack sammy knew merchant seamen supply loose marijuana musicians contacts heaviest consistent market reefers musicians heavier narcotics later wanted graduate risky money handling heroin cocaine earn hundreds dollars required lot experience narcotics squad able spot instinctively regular detectives cops narcotics small veteran regulars variety potentially helpful contacts important sammy supplied marijuana large facet success knowing help needed
recently ran henderson seventh avenue laughing fellow riot left nickname left feet scramble women shoe store grabbed shoes left feet laughed scared chinese restaurant didn hand laid rioters convulsed laughing saw sign chinese hastily stuck front door colored riot things tight harlem terrible night hustlers main income white money riot left relative trickle money poured harlem riot ended trickle today white visit harlem weekend nights dozen twist watusi rest current dance crazes small paradise owned basketball champion wilt stilt chamberlain draws crowds big clean american athlete image white today physically afraid harlem reasons negroes harlem night finished negroes money spend spending downtown hypocritical integration places previously police called haul negro insane try
ella couldn believe atheist uncouth believed slick bad bold woman commodity word spoke hip profane bet working vocabulary wasn hundred words apartment shared wasn prepared lived thought predatory animal catch watching slept lot night slept daytime preceding awake smoked reefers originally introduced marijuana consumption astounded didn want talk awake play records continuously reefers gave feeling contentment enjoy hours floating dreaming imaginary conversations york musician friends weeks sleep months harlem hustling night finally roxbury streets took locate peddler snow cocaine familiar snow feeling began want talk cocaine produces sniff powdery white crystals illusion supreme soaring physical mental ability think whip heavyweight champion smarter
letter think brother told detroit heard weeks later ella visited told home roxbury sleeping ella heard knock door looking terrible ella asked told detroit asked told walked believed walked believed muhammad convinced allah mind ability gauge distance dimension familiar west muhammad allah senses deranged mental powers greater minutes hair turn snow white walk hundred miles walk blocks prison muslim grown beard visited nervously moved chair told hair beard snake saw snakes began believe messenger allah streets roxbury ella reported telling divine power
white hates sees face sees mirror crime guilty conscience bear face white america looks black eyes fall knees say sorry sorry kind committed history greatest crime kind give chance atone brothers sisters expect white won white created devil bring chaos earth left wood factory ford motor company lincoln mercury division assembly lines young minister chicago muhammad encouraged treated sons muhammad dark wife sister clara muhammad saw children occasionally worked chicago jobs laborers driving taxis things living home muhammad dear mother marie spend mother marie muhammad loved hear reminiscences son early lived georgia born
days personal reasons wouldn considered love woman experience women tricky deceitful untrustworthy flesh seen ruined tied messed women women talked tell woman talk telling jesse james carry gun telling hen cackle imagine jesse james gun hen didn cackle kind leadership position worst thing wrong woman samson strongest destroyed woman slept arms words hurt mean experience talked prostitutes mistresses knew lot husbands wives husbands wives filled husbands ears full wife complaints wasn wives prostitutes mistresses heard husbands innermost problems secrets thought comforted included listening tell anyway ten thought mistress guess minister thinking getting wife
york times poll published spoken fifty colleges universities brown harvard yale columbia rutgers ivy league country invitations cornell princeton dozen soon dates scheduled negro institutions atlanta university clark college atlanta howard university washington number small student bodies black audiences liked college audiences college sessions ran hours ran overtime challenges queries criticisms fired objective alive searching minds undergraduate graduate students faculties college sessions failed exhilarating failed helping education experienced college session didn show ways improve presentation defense muhammad teachings panel debate appearance find jam packed audience hear facing student faculty scholars heads departments sociology psychology philosophy history religion coming specialty outset confront panels gentlemen finished eighth grade mason michigan high school black ghetto roxbury massachusetts
late learned reliably numerous muslims leaving mosque chicago ugly rumor spreading swiftly non muslim negroes thought press constantly sought ways nation islam trembled think thing reaching ears newspaper reporter black white actually began nightmares saw headlines burdened leaden fear speaking engagements america reporter hear ask true malcolm report hear going say specific moment admitted situation human mind slid admitting ugly fact began dealing york chicago non muslims knew began tell indirectly heard ask heard act idea talking grateful chose spell knew knowing looked total fool felt total fool preaching apparently knowing going nose organization involving praising look fool unearthed emotions felt harlem days
pilgrimage mecca known religious obligation orthodox muslim fulfills humanly able lifetime holy says pilgrimage ka ba duty owe god able journey allah proclaim pilgrimage foot lean camel deep ravine college university informal gatherings spoken dozen generally white identifying arabian middle eastern north african muslims happened visiting studying living united states white statements notwithstanding felt sincere considering muslim felt exposed called true islam understand embrace automatically follower muhammad bridled privacy thoughts experiences question sincere professing religion balk broadening knowledge religion conversation wallace muhammad muhammad son yes certainly muslim seek learn islam high opinion wallace muhammad opinion
washington york city powerful civic private governmental agencies individuals keenly interested malcolm saying abroad speculating say possibly returned america upstate york received telephone call close friend asked ask york city appointed meet high government official interested malcolm fly city friend accompanied offices large private foundation known activities donations civil rights area met foundation president introduced justice department civil rights section head burke marshall marshall chiefly interested malcolm finances extensive traveling black muslim ouster paid told knowledge payments publisher financed malcolm fees received speeches donations organization received malcolm told borrowing money sister ella current trip recently saturday evening post bought condensation rights book substantial sum soon received marshall listened quietly intently asked questions concerning aspects malcolm thanked
reverend notables due arrived clock brother malcolm looked disappointed young lady says don think coming felt terrible cared told don worry re late reported source unable meeting telephone earlier malcolm told speak brother benjamin half hour young lady malcolm anteroom hear entering introduction remarks present willing put line give want hear listen understand trojan black applause rose audience anteroom door malcolm turned looked young lady assistant forgive raising voice wit end don mention quickly understand voice sounded wonder understands walked stage applause smiling nodding brother benjamin passed en route anteroom young lady picked paperwork benjamin perspiring
actor davis stood deep voice delivered eulogy malcolm going davis subsequently hailed negroes harlem final hour quiet place harlem bid farewell brightest hopes extinguished forever ask harlem finds honor stormy controversial bold young captain smile say hate fanatic racist bring evil struggle answer say talk brother malcolm touch smile listen mean thing violence public disturbance knew honor malcolm manhood living black manhood meaning honoring honor prince black shining prince didn hesitate die loved speeches family members muslims present stood filed coffin view body finally plain clothes policemen ushered sister betty sight husband
late afternoon house watering plants found eric stretched living room couch knew running earlier high school track languid sprawl pause rare eric lying mom don feel haven run head hurts scarcely week ago complete physical entering freshmen blood tests rays works passed single hitch throat hurt stomach headache tension thought going college big jump days star small arena class officer member special key club drama club soccer hero game easily town greek hungarian boys dribble soccer balls soon climb cribs phil remember eric saying mournfully twelve start practice twenty hours catch player field feels respect guys eric studied game driven point respected called blond greek proud
background prepared face trials eric illness steadfast calm grew thermometer mouth family caught cold verged pneumonia smallest blister watched suspiciously signs blood poisoning father nervous humorist cartoonist seventy positively identified allergies twenty privately convinced author book entitled happy hypochondriac featured cover cartoon figure saying look cartoon father replies married sidney told appendectomy twenty left hospital ten carried heavy suitcase bumpy slippery ice mile rooming house invincible viking needed father fearless children turn tide future generations grow ignorant mustard plasters enema bags exactly asked sorry children turned brave confident trouble children struck mortal illness left commiserate sidney conversational styles french nordic temperament french ancestor family wrote twenty french operas late eric looked
tossed magazine seat started car thought easy re exactly shape drive drive slowly habit protected caution going usual miles hour attempted impossible going slow bright clean clothes slippery plastic wrappers clothes vacation started slide front seat dirty floor dive crack flash lightning head smashed windshield looked amazed hurt blood managed run telephone pole boatyard half mile house going miles hour ran boatyard waving arms signaling move quickly set sawhorses directed traffic broken pole fender falcon jammed pole cracked leaning broken clear hung crazily wires broken wire trailed street accounted flash boys collecting sternly waving appointed chief operations finally put head close car window slowly yelled tell backed slowly
memorial hospital eric drove rendezvous beginning mammoth reconstruction project hospital torn section section erected site putting suit removing overcoat groans falling timbers chatter jackhammers roar rubble crashing wooden chutes fill ears think memorial sidewalk york avenue protected crude tunnel boards gritty bits mortar picked keeping eye flying bricks eric times usual ahead date lab blood tests clinic want sure want coming broad stone steps main entrance eric left floor waiting room won half hour dropped picked discarded york times nearby seat read fifteen minutes let familiar routine guided briskly labyrinth halls double doors opening halls ancient room dark stained woodwork row row splintery wooden benches jammed
flipped card file room thirty elevator took eighth floor sense urgency crises corner patient entire head swathed bandages rolled past stretcher pushed casual looking orderly going ray orderly shouted elevator operator looked confused saw front office nurses worked quietly busy charts talking stuck head dark haired nurse glasses looked eric room thirty halfway left found sign door caution smoking oxygen inside beds oxygen tents figures lay taut white sheets rasp breathing filled room god quickly horrified tent peered open mouth beak nose face dying bird look closely face woman wisps gray white hair definitely eric turned bed woman re looking jumped dark haired nurse glasses eric eric thought carrie young minute office stood doorway shaken nurse phone dialed
later admitted easier find tavern watch show beers mind thought miracle watching miracle billions dollars put astronauts moon millions medical research put eric alive colorado tavern nearly stricken leukemia weeks diagnosis science gift gift eric watch greatest event snapshot eric someplace denver las vegas eric eddie standing mountain lake water waists smiling bright sunshine took asked later eddie camera set timer cocked put camera rock dashed water started grinning postcard eric eddie postmark las vegas nevada thought trying double money casino frank sammy davis jr thought heading los word los word eric told later didn dig los didn stop heading coast balboa finally spot wasn crowded parked van scrambled dunes look pacific ocean stood
murphy headed ward gonna beauty sleep don nap start age eric restless soon jumped began bouncing red rubber ball playing handball tiles faked pass nurse going ball winging sharply nurses front office window nurse smiled waved shook head laughed feeling pretty anyway nervousness bravado noticed large red paper rose pinned front white hospital pajamas ah missed shot dashing retrieve ball empty stretcher eric young doctor corner moment motioned eric sit don want jumping lab report counts think order platelets okay eric sitting re low huh re edge danger zone cracked head doctor didn smiled patted shoulder headed stairs easy happen cracked head asked end joey fell bed platelets platelets bleed joey brain hemorrhage seen strapped wheelchair
stream slowly filing steps gate waited saw tall figure thin april warm figure navy wool cap pulled close ears heavy dark wool jacket eric lost hair freezing blood figure closer face white gaunt terrible hooded eyes passed felt nearly faint eric resembled closely ill saw plane wearing plain jeans pale blue button shirt rolled sleeves sneakers swinging duffel bag saw eyes black rimmed eric eyes thin lost style hair gold bit shaggy afternoon sunlight holding thought joy parking lot handing car keys usual let takes longer runs ocean turns clear town traffic heading south houses thinned white road shore
bit fortune eric invited dinner friends mine talented wife early thirties hit eric immediately ted burly sensitive thousand interests artist designer writer theatrical director skilled photographer challenged sports unknown ted wanted companion skin diving deep sea fishing expedition florida keys tanks equipment knew area beautiful fish promise seen eric ready set immediately catch maintenance drugs florida arrived pay visit memorial trained doctor dr phyllis stevenson decide according protocol basis blood tests office eric remission holding needed drugs possibly days later eric set drive packet papers giving information need recent treatment hospital eric ted dropped drive keys doctor eric drugs bad reaction wonder okay
days checked eric memorial sterile air chamber known air flow room room similar concept island sterile bubble earlier memorial large medical centers roswell park buffalo operation months island air flow room developed protection patients ability combat infections critically lowered factor leukemia patients undergoing intensive chemotherapy course logical island hospital bed enclosed plastic canopy found restricting patient activity expensive complicated operate special nursing team hand twenty hours care patient island injections blood pressure readings carried set arm length gloves built unit memorial hopes centered air flow unit eric doctors faced grave problem getting patient remission planning assault powerful drugs decided extra protection expected eric white counts start dropping severely assault took hold didn want lose pneumonia passing bacteria happened air flow room windowless small ways class ship cabin
paid eric visits week stay home fight sinus infection cough sidney eric ran phone bill talking phone acted eric powerful stimulant enjoying drama spirits high talked dialed eric rings answer held ring phone picked delay heard eric voice gasping talk nosebleed packed phone clicked eric luck cried phone dead leukemia dreaded occasionally mild stop accord typically athletic event involving team nurses doctors effort patient drowning blood move fast nose pack doctor mouth soft palate wedging pack place couldn move hemorrhage confined front nose patient chance surviving slowed front nose packed knowing severe eric nosebleed didn sound trivial
mark turned perfect donor eric turned eighteen eligible sunday afternoon mark gave double platelets brother sidney donor recover effects flu eric didn need flu germs top problems understand sidney rejected blood donor think told veins small anyway couldn didn needle technician testing big veins high hemoglobin meredith blood supposedly entirely compatible eric dr desperately creative measure think eric alive decided anyway won hurt help don blood compatibility factors anyway maybe look important things thirty forty fairly important things thousand things don understand involved meredith eric sister siblings ideal donors help couldn suspect want positively forever ruled blood donor labyrinthitis ear balance disturbance
sitting arms folded confronting doctor making pitch bed table place bed lunch dishes food small paper cup full mushy looking orange liquid front eric sorry interrupting disappear minute stay want hear eric bit coldly introduce mother doctor knew doctor introduced looked anxious bit flustered telling boys idea looking ways help fight infection hope low bulk diet weeks reduce body chances poisoning wastes idea astronauts employ space flights lunch eric indicating cup orange mush taste asked bad want club sandwich hungry goddammit weeks hungry doctor looked sad trying help offering straws situation straws grasped sorry taste eric don apologize doctor eric cut give facts decide want
operation coming going room hall doctors nurses technicians oxygen tanks nurse tray wheels instruments jars tubes sat black formica countertop leaning tall cupboards suddenly pantry house lived girl mother put counter put rubbers girl small brown rubbers scuffing brown wet leaves pushing doll boy doll wicker doll carriage yard sat low stool leaning head cupboard door judy roommate stood rhythmically patting shoulder susan eric friend fairy godmother left desk sat high stool watch hall doctor eric room nurse goes window susan act circus dozens clowns climbing broken car circus act sat alert head neck going head neck susan mean head neck paddles knives patient arrests cardiac arrest mean code alert goes
memorial service church river church eric started head counselor boys camp summer died wrote eric minister eric friend read words pews nearly full small boys soccer teammates college boys girls family friends relatives afterward house hard believe donor room times half eric died place unusually quiet hot lots august jeanne vacation margaret desk hullo cried jumped greet coincidence thinking yesterday thinking lovely boy peter eighteen makes think eric younger brother younger mark thinking mark coming going fine hard think maybe harder making dropped trying save money jobs
shack track jack quarter juke box corner round minutes mechanical knockout silence silence shuffling feet clinking glasses slapping coins bar silence sort able think drink manuel didn hear express roaring past packing sheds side tracks train called orange blossom florida daylight lark daylight larks summer mornings dew grass imagine giving names tons thundering steel visitor age planet surely think insane names gave things manuel draught beer finished bottled beer commiserating glance dark liquid eyes manuel looked contented going grey temples sliding adjusted middle age alert cheerful slides comfortably driver seat car customers coming bringing faint whiffs chill california evening bad owning bar small place beer cold pale tasted straw bad chaser shot bourbon beer accepted drink parts
dead dinosaur glimpse comfortably inhabited successful politicians diplomats hereditary possessors money position ambitious royalty royalty means internationally powerful financiers rare exceptional lawyer lesser beings wrong beings found hard survive moved pace leaving plenty belonged enjoy vigorously calmly run affairs empire money guts fair sprinkling intelligence sheltered publicity impossible imagine later lived lives country houses discussed things settled ranging budget sex scandal foreign policy carefully guarded prying army servants savagely enforced social code able talk freely honestly later matter prominent known suffer modern inconvenience constantly overheard press victorian edwardian england solid florid structure born beginning show cracks base
parents worried luckily unconsciously cynical attitude matters typical assured unhealthy attitude entirely influenced social considerations carefully graded comprehensive common attempt gain notoriety socially unacceptable individual pious allowable aristocratic unfashionable dowdy lower classes pious commendable viewed suspicion young apt felt case allied petty dishonesty intolerant viewpoint young insisted knew attitude found words knew eyes refusing confirmation simply shown want tact local cult fox hunting blooded initiation refused hounds killed fox nearby pony moment chosen ritual recollection vivid grinning red coat coming foot struggling mass hounds dead fox brush hand put raw stump cheek feel warm blood fox trickling smell smell chewed fur
parental head told sold benefit grew oddly irksome children sense reality things selling easily father important psychological event background shadowy vanished uniqueness comfortable anonymity city streets quiet peasant blur effect ancestors door picture ancestors living walking ghosts reaching walked planning maintaining preserving carefully descendants pedestals props passed conscientiously knocked destitute living depending sleeping slept sea beaches ships hotel bedrooms homeless house bigger skull chances memory surviving greater wits persisted unconscious memory unconsciously sought sense permanence gave shifting changing symbol family continuity ancestors
case family exactly illustrated opposite tendency spencers churchills fighting top producing centuries stamina generation possessed ordinary sense drive surely pure chance mere inherited advantage position enabled descendents hugh favourite edward continue afloat generation generation storms history submerged family ship verge helm prevent unintelligent lot early spencers robert spencer sheep breeder elizabethan days richest england sighted support colonization virginia possessed courage opponent powerful bacon descendant robert spencer secretary james ii successful opponent dangerous rival case notorious rochester son charles political figure reader known famous collector contrived collect anne churchill john duke marlborough daughter heiress father title estates marriage brought marlborough churchill spencer family worth family
robert hart visitors india japanese guests stay belonged days peace home children brought parents going affected parents atmosphere children parents lived partly orphans partly trained intelligent dogs quickly aware master moods knew mother adding house accounts writing table room woman secretary days person mother cold morning black riding habit stone block stable yard waiting grooms bring bucking nervous horse side saddle person person liked tired mother sitting feet chaise dressing gown riding hounds smelled bouquet bath salts special egyptian cigarettes cairo francis cousin created egyptian army easy gentle mood hot bath room put yellow paperbacked french book reading latest shocking victor marguerite left started dress dinner talk felt teach thought
winter mother france live thought permanently move influence relations mother side family felt treated father badly staying abroad face saving visits undertaken mother sister sybil critical aunt sybil widow general lived small house ugly village rutland seldom left habit common english country dwellers writing letters kind safety valve rural frustrations thing remember letters put mother bad temper point suit aunt sybil looking woman beautiful girl contradiction wore mannish clothes strode countryside dogs suffered chronic liked known delicate aunt sybil children boy older girl age seldom saw cousins sisters mother unlike belonged side england knew barely seen
knew annie besant passed careers learned extraordinary woman slowly strangely contradictory enormously successful beginning careers children english courts professed atheism end career internationally famous religious teachers married anglican clergyman left companion charles militant atheist eighties frantic scenes inside house commons succeeded establishing entering parliament member wished affirmation obliged religious oath hitherto obligatory left fallen charm bernard shaw younger shaw played duets piano joined fabian society suggestion famous fabian lecturer point lost sense humour obviously fatal shaw concerned idea drawing contract setting shaw agreed live wife marriage impossible husband divorce document presented shaw course refused sign continued serve socialism marching side side trafalgar square battle police famous bloody sunday affair
incongruous seldom worries young barely notice think content growing worlds mother plagued consistency think things efforts reconcile confusion created natural father begin blame family trouble wrong course trouble started mother heard believed certainly behaved things began happen led disturbance publicity helped father latest announcement friends mother insane plausible led hope law english courts decide woman beliefs practices trusted care children prominent family england trouble family position sir edwin famous successful architect wife follower annie besant lady emily belonged lytton family mother known lady emily theosophist mother introduced american friend miss mary dodge mary dodge part large fortune
begun encourage think going lead conscious mind concerned succeeded didn think past conscious resentment buried student felt kind masquerade act shortage money perpetual worry tackled doubt characteristically bringing buddhist training religion religion bear teaching reduce bodily needs minimum food clothes lodging cost astonishingly able enjoy chief component oriental process lies withdrawal attachment means longer committing things continuing occupy matter directing attention method hard europeans results able concentrate actual bodily needs hampered bothered want surprising discarded feeling privation puritanical denial brought christian idea punishing flesh find hard achieve understand able lead kind indian existence temporarily brought tranquillity mind gave insight
annie besant cult coming christ reached gigantic proportions talk possibility messiah known mrs besant order star east members spread countries doings annie besant indian boys recurrent topic press messiah doctrine subtle newspapers outsiders realized according hindu theory dead religious teacher earth enter body disciple strength theory clairvoyance annie besant announced body elder young hindu boys chosen reincarnation christ loophole dogma spirit christ announced decide occupy body theory modern expounded annie besant impossible load put shoulders thirteen boy grown person actually put found boys originally responsible suggesting idea annie besant story intriguing wanted meet boys story begun society headquarters madras
fragment broken suddenly parents involved couple civilian office jobs tired englishman paris decided jobs france frenchmen england attempts earn living showed escaped past past met took newspaper job london member staff found family connections refused believe junior reporter newspaper sole purpose earning living theory preferred influential father put learn newspaper business bottom soon promoted higher job editorial board experienced ways england fleet street days matter copy turned certainly worse copy saw produced picked rough treatment member staff escaped treatment getting found reason swapped copy reporter stuff discovered copy acceptable took editor drunk fleet street pub resentment imagined situation soon appeared
famous american individualism actually ceased exist malcolm cowley millionaires colourless indoor persons tried live conception created press agents europe happy country millionaires wives knew cook rich sons waited tables earn college fees tell chinese japanese glance school talked consciousness shy college education lacked regard age differences age group speaking separate language social classes europe spoke freighter moving slow ahead crowded channel morning mist lifted saw white farms devon hills floating cumulus clouds blue sky looked peaceful war touched le havre looked strange remembered landmarks wooden huts city buildings banks heavy wheel halves lifted ashore dark mine shaft raise lower coal war moved voyage nearly freighter moved slowly london river london familiar look st paul cathedral seen distance centuries regained forgotten impressiveness centuries bracken foxgloves growing city
driving joan cent trois streets paris waiting exasperated cafes shopped dashing endlessly vernon beginning live stopped non person things real paris paris today today ago yesterday paul valery le le le hui paris vernon days curious sense deja vu happened joan experienced feeling bad unreal feeling rightness settled ago enjoy feeling origin traced tall poplar trees thing noticed arriving house vernon big poplar trees standing corner walled garden house helped familiar explanation turned simple thirties days original louis aragon andre breton farmhouse village called vernon bought beautiful brilliant astonishing nancy cunard stayed nancy walked hills nearest railway station vernon
matter joan happened punch drunk character matter weeks joan died malcolm died suddenly newspapers lifting telephone daily voice left wanted hear malcolm england driving europe food sleep getting hundreds miles spot joan died distance swimming sea coast caring drowned seeking death matter women seen living century shut lives constantly busy indoors taking sniff air look weather watch clouds racing moon lives distant explosion shake mental houses suddenly rattle emotional windows give start violent flinch cry interruptions lives kind frightening unpleasant misfit joan dead manipulation events surroundings obvious accepted adapting place character ahead clear
wander million times amy shopping ellen planned school ellen amy eager friend finish amy thought re wasting afternoon shortest friendship record phone call home ellen looking window display designer jeans wishing mall mixed amy mother home let corner neared squawking sound cut piped music moment passed amy realized squawking voices groaned recognized words ripple childish laughter amy darted ahead corner thick carpet laid center walk puppet stage set end crowd small children mothers sat carpet looked stage hawk nosed puppet shrieking questions audience center group stood face shining excitement answering puppet voice shrill amy felt saw ellen step corner
amy climbed wide front steps crossed porch wrought iron knocker shaped eagle hollowly front door aunt clare didn answer amy knocked tried latch door unlocked let stood uncertainly foyer house quiet aunt clare voice sounded peculiar wail stillness rush footsteps bare floor overhead pause aunt clare sounded scared amy grief amy glad mean couldn imagine curving stairway rose tower side hall amy ran floor looked broad corridor end door attic stood open coming aunt clare called storehouse amy ran hall attic steps aunt clare waited top dressed blue jeans pink shirt knotted waist gray streaked hair tied rose colored scarf thin face bright welcome threw arms amy hugged whew imagine heart thudding real shock hear human voice tomb amy hugged sorry scared door unlocked
set mrs peck happy ahead pack amy clare re ready wail amy kitchen want amy mom upstairs hallway amy stopped moment listening mother soothing murmur bedroom closed door duffel bag closet pulled began stuffing shoes jeans socks underwear pajamas half dozen blouses cotton skirt top hair dryer shampoo toothbrush shoulder bag ready wanted argument began telephone rang amy heard run heavy footed answer amy telephone wouldn bellow amy raced downstairs wondering aunt clare changed mind hi ellen ellen amy expected hear mother taking aunt uncle visit friends later afternoon late picnic maybe couple hours brownies don taking care ellen words amy knew meant mom friends friend okay ellen
scared thought scared bad screamed accused lying aunt clare person amy known dollhouse dolls didn stay put frightened happening attic moved dolls window night mild sweet smelling tinted pale wash moonlight call mom school tomorrow tell want home mother pleased father disappointed liked idea aunt clare friends amy turned bed kicked shoes sat cross pillows piled opened english book lap couldn concentrate assignment words ran tried read maybe ghost ghost special reason moving dolls amy home reason remain secret aunt clare finish house leave believing amy lied moving dolls ghost knows mystery amy thought shivering stay aunt clare hates downstairs television murmured breeze lifted curtains owl hooted distance
attic door hesitated maybe give ellen blanket getting aunt clare surely ask questions amy aunt clare calling kitchen forgot tell think light burned attic big flashlight table bed amy heart thudded switched lamp aunt clare room searched flashlight halfway stairs flashlight beam bobbing steps front heard small sound mice let mice funny thing wish considering hated mice stood sound stopped moment began moving darkness trunk left top stairs amy words trying close thought reached top step saw big metal chest aunt clare leaned loosen fastenings trembling fingers top blanket told quick rustling scraping sound grew louder coming dollhouse corner meaning amy swung flashlight beam attic sheet covered house floor white heap house gaped open amy knees turned jelly flashlight slipped fingers
stopped intersection small girls darted front giggled ran amy thought kid suddenly ago school dragged ellen full plans party mother deliver guests aunt clare house parent pick ellen course eleven cissie fortune telling game wanted bring kathy sells talked cosmetician aunt giving box full makeup samples practice making gorgeous pizza fat gorgeous ellen sighed aunt clare caramel corn amy wickedly think fattening ellen groaned blow burst die happy wish clock amy wished bell finally rang ending class glad couple hours left final preparations pizza ready pop oven girls arrived amy pizza intended watch aunt clare carefully learn able rode bike home school hoping father aunt clare cake turned yard missed island calm midst storms marked relationship mother
timer buzzed amy jumped aunt clare opened oven perfect soothing baking thing count turn follow directions lifted trays oven set cool refrigerator poured tall glasses milk soon soon knew paul care chicago look job wanted reminded happened amy marveled don think didn choice aunt clare replied left couldn forget guilt terrible feeling grandma grandpa died drove mind eventually found job months later fired awful headaches miss moody times couldn control found job thing happened stopped periods explosions longer bad times haven ended dream house happened couple months ago period sleeplessness battle boss job father wrote pleading look house ready sold
aunt clare reached robe angry amy don understand re trying tell grief storm let downstairs maybe hear meekly girls hall stairs amy darted glance attic door closed wouldn thought secrets lightning lit thunder bombarded trailed kitchen cocoa aunt clare calm combined chocolate sugar milk girls huddled door noticed firm believer soothing powers snack course doctors don approve food comfort experience chocolate fails chocolate chip cookies fudge cocoa glancing girls chattered pull shades storm makes things worse words flowed amy legs stop shaking thought chest didn feel funny tight aunt clare gave attempt conversation sit fall suggested amy moved table clap thunder crashed rattling dishes cupboards room plunged darkness squealed terror darn hear aunt clare moving kitchen
missed amy repeated aunt clare gave games changing subject play amy says don amy argued told morning throw dice move suddenly face flushed scrambled porch fours leaned mother knees tell amy commanded tell mom amy don upset scene played times difference amy knew glared days nights sister lot partners holding frightened stand moment amy knew aunt clare left talked family burden left love crouched small child full resentment frustration real person sister brave amy afraid points bad points play games week amy offered maybe mrs peck busy looked mother eyes waited breathing nod finally sounds fine arrangement father
frances sister gloria birthday mother gloria sitting kitchen table making place cards party frances broom closet singing alice asked mother alice frances birthday singing happy thursday today friday mother thursday alice frances alice singing asked mother cake candy thought spell frances sure alice cake candy birthday mother alice birthday frances yes mother alice birthday birthday months birthday girl tomorrow gloria birthday birthday girl alice frances birthday frances mother wouldn alice broom closet help place cards party frances table sat picked crayon putting place cards asked pretty flowers gloria
frances thought gloria bar thought put bubble gum balls mouth noticing chewed bubble gum squeezed bar bars soft nougat part inside frances chewy caramel part chocolate nuts gloria eat half gloria loves sweets father sure eat bar present nice think yes frances spent allowances gloria frances thinking allowances put balls bubble gum mouth chewed squeezed bar sang eat gloria bar father gloria frances understand saying father mouth think maybe bubble gum frances don remember maybe care bar ready give gloria father frances gave bar father care gloria birthday party afternoon cake ready table set mother making hot chocolate
wish true mother wished gloria wished frances nice mad hid sand pail shovel sorry nice told ida wish won true think true mother special kind wish true frances gloria think wish true present owe balls bubble gum presents gloria yes father father mother gave gloria paintbox tea set plush pig albert gave tiny truck ida gave china baby doll frances wrapped bar pretty paper tied ribbon ready give gloria asked gloria eat frances give minute sing happy birthday sing happy birthday sang frances squeezed bar happy birthday stopped rested bite gloria frances took deep breath finished song happy birthday dear gloria happy birthday
community provide constructive services assist adolescents decisions adjustments school community agencies able complement efforts parents ordinary circumstances compensate extent inadequate parental care guidance increasing rate suicide adolescents young adults recognized chapter decades suicide rate tripled males age doubled females age group explanation growing number children feel estranged families report lack love affection father children feel guilt failed parents living expectations hold responsible family disharmony put live happily adulthood person acquires legal independence important responsibility readiness period determination measure person emotional maturity stage prepared responsibility supporting reflect emotional immaturity unwise decision marrying despite financial insecurity educational involvement employment possibilities resulting dependence independence conflict engender emotional stress early adulthood erikson stage friends replace family source individual important relationships age group seek intimate relationships find difficult emotional commitments sure
unlike defense mechanisms discussed neurotic disorders greatly impair individual ability function effectively realistically neurosis characterized inappropriate emotions behavior individual unable explain control occasionally normal individual develop neurotic reaction situation temporarily overwhelming type reaction characterized inappropriate defeating behavior accompanied anxiety neurotic reaction worsens frustration individuals experience reaction realistically reasonable solution problem student frustrated difficulty studying examination handle situation realistically student seek help professor friend devote extra studying subject assured exam neurotic reaction worry exams prevents student utilizing capabilities worried concentrate books concentrate worried unable avoid frustrating situation deal effectively student responds neurotically experience feelings anxiety suffer neurotic reactions type lives individuals experience neurotic reactions frequently severe reactions necessarily mean neurotic situation complex painful handle easily
concert pianist stepping stage perform construction worker inching girder high city college student jumping stands urging college team fight harder stress stress defined simply body mental tension caused physical chemical emotional factor obvious easily discerned condition students stayed night studying final exam difficulty recognizing stress concept stress broadened past fifty research shown consequences stress lives reaching originally thought accepted stress sort alive stress stress necessarily negative influence minds bodies motivating psychologically physically positive broadest sense stress sort thought responsible mankind achievements discomfort dissatisfaction spurs status quo stress defined modern scientists medical experts implications complex simple dictionary definition word chapter body responds forms stress helpful harmful
approximately million americans practice practiced knowledgeably sensibly provide perfectly safe healthful diet evidence vegetarian diet superior balanced diet includes animal products emphasized strongly vegetarians carefully balance amounts essential amino acids meals order receive protein addition sufficient number calories included meet daily needs insufficient calories consumed protein energy source depleting supply essential cell formation exercising utmost care vegetarians vitamin diet lacking animal protein vitamin supplements pregnant women especially cautious strict vegetarian diet impose vitamin deficiencies children pregnancy breast feeding organically grown foods grown soil enriched natural chemical fertilizers sprayed pesticides artificial substances added natural foods foods synthetic artificial ingredients undergone processing generally home kitchen jams jellies baked goods called natural foods organically grown products received minimal processing preservatives additives salt sugar organic natural food fad started began worry effect artificial chemicals health
deal evidence overweight mild degree hazard health real burden body carry excess fat idea strain involved pick pound bag potatoes supermarket pick ten pound bag try twenty pound bag imagine carrying extra weight constantly idea stress overweight places body study identified risk factors coronary disease increased obesity found increased blood pressure serum cholesterol sixty percent lost weight regained normal blood pressure study found high blood pressure occurs frequently obese nonobese greater risk heart disease obesity combined hypertension brings higher risk death obesity hypertension excess fat puts increased strain heart circulatory system direct ways muscles body harder carry extra weight circulatory system turn harder meet increased oxygen nutritional demands muscles extra fat cells require oxygen nutrients estimated pound excess fat requires extra mile capillaries nourish heart harder pump blood increased number blood vessels
looking fat found women hips thighs subject advertisements supposedly unusual kind fat removed unusual ways rose rose rose fat fat fat article louise fenner points don overweight warns advertisement try pinch test matter thin ugly bumps won thousands women pinch backs legs watch skin dimple pucker resembles orange peel send cream pills sponge works magic term coined european salons spas describe deposits fat women thighs buttocks stubbornly resist diet exercise alleged special type fat wrong combination fat water toxic wastes eliminated body wasn theorists claim afflicts nearly ten women affected hormones physical makeup ordinary fat styled experts claim extraordinary treatments effective advertisements mail order products banish publications cosmopolitan products promoted sure fire remedies sponges cactus fiber washcloths horsehair mitts creams dissolve vitamin mineral supplements herbs exercise books liquids bath pants brushes rollers toning lotions
deal disagreement constitutes premature ejaculation researchers believe ejaculation occurs prior penetration considered premature believe premature ejaculation occurs uncontrollably minute penetration considers percent american ejaculate minutes vaginal penetration according clear premature difficult concept define according masters johnson premature delay ejaculation satisfy responsive partner half sexual encounters occasional premature ejaculation normal alarm tired highly aroused sexual release days unable delay ejaculation problem engage prolonged act intercourse premature ejaculation occurs considered sexual dysfunction psychological premature ejaculation result conditioning repeated experiences prostitutes try rush act accustom early ejaculation pattern premature ejaculation set intercourse reason frequently hurried female dysfunction defined masters johnson inability plateau phase sexual response word frigidity longer experts imprecise negative term
takes approximately twenty child society attain adult status person achieved financial emotional maturity important factors marriages clear goals realistic social occupational expectations choosing marriage partner hazardous studies younger couple poorer chance marital success women marry times likely divorce marry ages younger poorer chance marital success young women marry older young marry older women encouraged investigate psychological motives case young woman seeks father older husband young looking mother chooses older wife symptom psychological maladjustment solved therapy marriage couples marriage look realistically income potential say marriage devise budget essential items pleasures financial problems major source contention marriages significant divorce destructive marriages children involved youthful marriages partner earning adequate income low income marriages meeting essential needs stake
older live high crime areas run risk course younger neighbors generally robust likely sustain injury physical assault recover injury slowly assumed passage medicare medicaid legislation eliminate health care problems older chapter programs alleviated health related problems older completely successful medicaid medicare programs attempt overcome financial barriers health services inadequate result thousands older lack proper medical attention geriatric health concern institutionalization slightly million age term care facilities alternative services unnecessary institutionalization elderly costly terms money terms negative psychological effects occupants alternative institutionalization gaining wider acceptance home services include visiting nurse programs therapy home health aides personal care services older spend home mobility reduced income nearly limited money spend housing plan housing elderly rarely factors account older persons lives substandard housing difficult inadequately served transportation facilities
approximately die effects smoking lungs bronchi severe lungs brought tobacco smoke susceptible respiratory diseases cancer pulmonary emphysema disease emphysema results obstruction small bronchial tubes bronchioles brought effect smoking cilia function exhaling especially impaired symptoms pulmonary emphysema include breathlessness coughing attacks bronchitis wheezing later stages distortion chest cavity chronic bronchitis respiratory disease frequently caused cigarette smoking inflammation mucous membranes bronchial tubes chronic bronchitis begins cough appearing cold months called winter cough symptoms include congestion lungs coughing phlegm difficulty breathing disease treated lead disorders lungs eventually result death treatment emphysema chronic bronchitis includes cessation smoking diseases forcing young premature retirement recent studies shown smoke percent greater chance suffering peptic ulcers especially gastric ulcers smoked known smoking ulcers strong correlation smoking delayed healing ulcers found mothers smoke increase chances giving birth babies variety problems
body develop tolerance drug original dosage longer produces desired results counteract tolerance dosage increased stronger drug prescribed important tolerance occurs antibiotics infecting microorganism develop tolerance drug liking regular users narcotic depressants develop tolerance desired effect drug achieved dose larger considered fatal usual dose morphine milligrams relief severe pain mg thought fatal dose regular users morphine known mg drugs chemically similar cross tolerance tolerance resistance drug group produces tolerance drugs group similarly craving drug group physically psychologically satisfied drugs group undoubtedly heard say started morning coffee cigarettes absolutely martini dinner occurred dependent substances drugs repeatedly extended period induce dependence precise degrees dependence extremely difficult define practical terms known phenomenon drug dependence
cocaine coke stylish drug confined elite entertainment professional athletic worlds spread strata society found factory workers movie stars estimated million americans cocaine users million americans drug regularly percent percent profoundly dependent recently cocaine thought addictive withdrawal symptoms physically wrenching say heroin alcohol tobacco medical experts agree cocaine psychologically addictive compulsively continually spite consequences effects cocaine stimulating euphoric users tend illusion minutes taking drug charge lives surge follows ingestion cocaine indescribable optimism flows user psyche compare rush cocaine sexual orgasm rate cocaine higher scale human pleasure cocaine appeals strongly primates laboratory tests apes prefer cocaine choice sexual pleasure food obverse side cocaine user crashes suffers letdown correspondingly depressing high combat jumpiness follows depletion supply cocaine users resort alcohol sedatives dangerously heroin
produced sources hydrocarbons found mainly automobile exhaust suspected cancer producing agents hydrocarbons dangerous combine pollutants create smog nitrogen dioxide hydrocarbons combine sunlight produce ozone gas smell highly active chemically extremely poisonous principal component toxic element smog ozone irritates nose throat eyes burn produces lung disease exposure deteriorates clothing tires rubber products crack destroys crops ozone layer atmosphere serves protect sun harmful ultraviolet rays threatened number chemicals fluorocarbons propellants aerosol cans government imposed ban asbestos mineral widely employed manufacturing construction automobile brake linings talcum powder building materials sources asbestos fibers dust escape air particulate matter inhaled period asbestos respiratory disorders including lung cancer fortunately asbestos widely dangers known vinyl chloride gas propellant aerosol products manufacturing processes prolonged exposure vinyl chloride linked cancer cancer liver reason federal law requires workers exposed significant levels vinyl chloride offered periodic health examination expense employers
tertiary sewage treatment mainly large metropolitan centers major industrialized areas involves chemical treatment remove sediments phosphates filtration remove turbidity absorption remove stubborn organic matter procedure called remove dissolved salts million live communities providing form treatment sewage disposal major problem country volume waste expected increase percent fifty moving urban areas sewage disposal problem municipalities reach crisis proportions proper action treatment plants quickly obsolete number sewers inadequate plant capacity insufficient provide surging population pollution communities lack sewers rely septic tank disposal grown evidence groundwater pollution process contaminants municipal waste treatment facilities add water pollution end products sewage treatment mainly nitrates phosphates kill fish aquatic final source pollution municipalities sediment silt sand build rivers streams result erosion urban development sites highway construction urban construction estimated increase normal erosion rates times farmlands livestock productive farmers modern methods irrigation fertilization control insects rodents unwanted vegetation pesticides herbicides techniques contribute water pollution
resource exhaustion poses problems worldwide water supplies rapidly dwindling mineral energy reserves alarming rate recent famines africa latin america global food shortages future cases problems caused aggravated overpopulation rapid industrialization part solution lies reducing consumption cases food shortages part solution lies making existing resources hunger malnutrition widespread developing half billion living close starvation billion malnourished need happen plenty food nutritionists land experts united nations bank agree problem due overpopulation lack food supplies poverty misallocation existing resources point agriculture easily produce pounds grain calories human earth food distribution problem compounded drastic increases oil prices past decade pesticides weed killers widely fertilizers products petroleum small farmers developing countries found impossible pay products agricultural technology result lowered food production areas finally food shortage adversely affected agricultural policies eating habits industrialized countries
think health simply absence disease re sick re healthy wrong easily compare typical jobs smokes packs cigarettes drinks evening overweight anxious smoke drinks alcohol rarely exercises regularly relaxed confident pass laboratory tests declared free disease equally healthy americans confuse absence disease settle health deal promote health avoid disease hazards smoking risks drugs diet exercise knowledge automatically assure health health comes acting knowledge health organization defined health complete physical mental social merely absence disease infirmity criticized definition idealistic set goal public health leaders individuals aim fact definition includes goals mental social extremely important boredom anxiety loneliness general unhappiness affect function emotional states actually lower body physical resistance disease
physically emotional unique feels acts exactly source uniqueness complicated interplay traits inherit environment grow experiences factors contribute emotional development genetic factors characteristics present birth inherit genes parents genes determine physical characteristics color eyes hair tall evidence part emotional inherited moment birth babies capable expressing basic emotions pleasure displeasure excitement depression facial expressions show emotions regardless race culture born blind deaf smile express happiness apparently genetic programming controls emotional signals similar distinct differences individual babies express active passive cry lot cry demand constant cuddling content left differences human beings inherit tendency emotional states physical characteristics children inherit play role emotional development studies shown children large coordinated likely chosen leaders children
seen difficult define mental illness equally difficult identify types mental disorders human behavior complex fit neat categories specific set symptoms accompanies mental illness therapists hospital instance standards diagnosing say schizophrenia types treatment working mental illness cut dried working physical illness hundreds categories mental disorders section describe major depression called common cold mental disorders widespread estimated million suffer significant depression depression ranges intensity occasional feelings blues truly crippling disorder depressed bad grade exam break steady date lose tight ball game move city naturally feel swing things challenges met change mood going cases depression mild cold feel bad eventually feeling goes possibly special rid severe depression matter
labels processed foods buy list preservatives additives range nutrients replace increase vitamins minerals bleaches antioxidants preservatives prevent delay spoiling chemicals affect texture appearance foods food industry claim additives preservatives beneficial note food food spoil food borne diseases botulism salmonella constant danger certainly nutrient additives raise nutritional processed foods addition nutrients processing processed foods end nutrients similar natural foods fairly strict laws regulate food industry chemical food drug administration fda regards health hazard added food additives safe nitrites mainly preserving meats known change carcinogens cancer producing agents conditions caused cancer test animals fda feels evidence ban nitrites preservative certainly suspect fda color additives completion safety studies coal tar colors belong chemical family implicated cancer debate continue safety benefit additives preservatives unlikely days natural foods return
teeth perform variety tasks important job prepare food digestion tear food cut small pieces grind bits teeth needed speech sounds teeth affect look healthy teeth contribute attractive youthful appearance dental disease prevented united states cavities efforts prevent tooth decay gum disease routinely brushing flossing teeth important things eat watch signs dental problems visit dentist regularly importance caring teeth overstressed neglecting dental care mean unnecessary discomfort expense eventually loss teeth america nearly half wear bridge denture sort replace lost teeth proper care tooth loss happen tooth covered enamel strong protective covering fact substance occurring naturally harder tooth enamel diamond despite hardness tooth enamel destroyed happens cavities develop cavity enlarges destroy hard outer layers tooth reach pulp soft part pulp sensitive nerve endings tooth decay painful cavities caused bacteria found mouth interact sugar
feet hard bearing weight accepting bumps jolts movements average teenager takes steps challenging job bones muscles foot foot complicated structure things wrong order feet healthy aware common foot problems avoid foot troubles give feet regular attention clean dry nails trimmed buying shoes fit properly suitable activity important daily washing helps feet look feel showers forget scrub feet shower bath dry feet carefully feet need regular washing pick dirt dust parts body perspire heavily underarms palms hands feet sweat glands active lower temperatures body glands produce sweat response emotional stress enclosed shoes increase perspiration odor open shoes help absorbent socks stockings foot powder absorb perspiration carefully trimming toenails helps prevent foot problems leave nail protect end toe trim straight general shape nail
children learn social behavior copying adults parents important adults child child imitates parents important power reward punish show withhold love response child actions train child behave ways realizing parents tend show interest child says parents approve contrast tend uninterested hostile child expresses opinion parents don share parents strong influence child perception sex roles children aware sexes learn parents behaviors attitudes feelings fit role children imitate parents model provided extremely important quality relationship parents husband wife relationship model child perceives strong influence child response sex roles emotional development important child intellectual development young children love learn naturally curious learn pleasure learning need reward forced learning chore parents child intellectual development number ways
majority elderly stay close contact children frequently studies show percent elderly live hour children percent minutes families generations continue exchange advice services gifts financial assistance older families give thirds elderly say receive money gifts families nearly depend relatives help housework meals shopping elderly course live children family relationships important statistics show older relatives living face greatest difficulties financial problems turn social agencies help retirement brings complete change living patterns leisure activities deprives person daily contacts workers makes feel useless likely happen main focus lives percent older say difficulty adjusting retirement look forward retirement interests adjust easily older leisure depends interests activities middle developed active creative ways free younger continue free interesting ways
habituation level drug dependence form psychological dependence habituated number things find habit disturbed starting morning glass orange juice feel upset left morning eating lunch friend feel sense loss days friend sick extent psychologically dependent habit count fill place drug users feel sense loss deprived effects drug creates restless irritable anxious tolerance stage drug dependence involves body drugs continues person body adapts drug larger larger doses needed give effect smaller doses achieved person takes barbiturate pill fall asleep soon find takes produce drowsiness tolerance means user larger doses suffering overdose effects heroin user drug tolerate dosages kill tolerance remain constant drug stops tolerance decreases person stops taking heroin suddenly returns dosage bad
ancient times knew disease affected body medicine connected religion magic mean totally ineffective basis outlook modern medicine instance specific dietary hygiene laws ancient hebrews constituted early attempt public health measures set sanitation hygiene laws record comes code hammurabi introduced babylonia early physicians western civilization hippocrates lived greece hippocrates based treatment patients experiences gained treating similar cases setting stage modern times known scientific method investigation incidentally hippocrates wrote code doctors follow subscribed physicians today hippocratic oath interestingly initial command code harm possibly greatest contribution health ancient times development public sanitation water works crete greece later rome fresh water brought cities aqueducts underground sewerage pipes hot baths flush toilets part public sanitation systems unfortunately limited development health knowledge centuries progress fifteenth centuries study medicine completely abandoned
human body exposed vast number variety organisms combat disease body system natural defenses effective defenses depends number factors health body person keeps physical condition resist large number infectious diseases line defense disease skin walls protect fortress skin surrounds protects organs body gain entrance pathogen pass body outer skin skin lines body natural openings easy invading organism penetrate skin perspiration skin oils chemicals kill bacteria bacteria killing chemicals present saliva tears mucus secretions genital region additional disease stopping organisms inside body openings respiratory digestive urinary genital tracts instance fine short hairs called cilia move respiratory passages hairs help pathogens settling lungs cut skin weak spot defense system ways pathogens body happens line defense goes prevent infection spreading blood tissues wage counterattack harmful organisms penetrated skin chemicals blood kill bacteria viruses
suffer symptoms disease experience irritation urinary canal common serve carriers partners treated disease couple pass infection transmitted sexual intercourse transmitted underwear washcloths infected person known thrush disease affects women symptoms include white lumpy discharge intense itching genital region disease caused type yeast fungus occur change vaginal lining pregnancy woman taking antibiotics occur skin rectum mouth male genitals important partners treated disease crab lice known pubic lice crabs disease sexually transmitted diseases condition spread sexual contact affects genital region crab lice troublesome parasites closely related body lice tiny insects seen barely naked eye implies crab lice resemble crabs appearance infestation crab lice persistent itching genital area parasites thrive pubic hair wander clothing infested person sexual contact spread parasites person
mentioned high cost health care united states nation spending average person health care amount continues rise extent patients responsible high costs health care health problems direct result styles choose smoking drinking poor nutrition lack exercise factors contribute disease took care greater effort prevent illness health care costs significantly reduced costs reduced ways let look main components health care largest portion health expenses goes hospital care cost reasons high price unavoidable hospital expenses pay matter beds occupied hospital staff receive salaries building maintained emergency operating room equipment ready hours high quality american health care involved average patient attended staff members factors hospital costs higher need hospitals built studying need result unused hospital beds country
simple tools help examine family listed health care supplies neatly place member family find quality oral thermometer taking temperatures baby young child family rectal thermometer young children hold oral thermometer mouths hurt biting thermometer breaking items needed examining throat wooden tongue depressors inexpensive gag butter knife spoon handle flashlight examining eyes ears bathroom scales sold department stores accurate accuracy important feature sure weigh weight change course check weight regularly able spot sudden gains losses signs illness need watch count pulse heartbeat respiration breathing rate start equipment family body acts able notice illness need professional help able give physician information symptoms
human body muscles muscles allow movement play role digestion control circulation blood muscles attached skeleton strong tissues called tendons hold bones skeletal muscles fibrous bundles muscle bundle contract shorten accordion contracts distance ends reduced skeletal muscles pairs muscle contracts joint bend contracts straighten biceps muscle upper arm instance contracts bend arm elbow muscles upper arm contract straighten arm arrangement muscles determines kinds movements occur muscles forearms extend partly bones making rotation lower arm muscles tongue allow complex movements involved eating talking movements muscle contractions muscles move skeleton voluntary muscles individual move body muscles attached bones largely individual control involuntary muscles control actions internal organs blood vessels intestines involuntary muscles remain contracted periods push blood vessels food intestines squeezing tubular structures force material
chinese fond saying longest journey begins single step dr donald golden gate university san francisco developed steps achieving wellness style step equal plan builds awareness supports positive motivations presents strategies term style involves learning concept wellness wellness styles test establish start wellness program learn medical system works problems capabilities role promoting positive health involves awareness cultural norms social expectations examine pressures affect wellness style concentrate imaging begin develop awareness meaning truly healthy consequences lifelong pursuit wellness perspective personal responsibility suggests familiar important elements personal accountability wellness style physical fitness prerequisite wellness style measures exercise adequacy include frequency intensity duration learn eat performance appreciate principles wellness dining discover personal approaches food help think function understanding ways eat promotes wellness part plan
percent america industrial establishments employ percent country total civilian labor force members large powerful impersonal organizations join choice necessity expected want financial security social status cogs machinery find deprived personal satisfaction apt plead lapel buttons human fold spindle mutilate studs terkel compiling material book working asked corporation presidents elevator operators job don answered according united states department labor percent employees country working wrong jobs promotions reflect peter principle employees promoted jobs perform competently higher positions reach level incompetence offices factories executive suites complain jobs employers bitterly point ethic dead forced deal rising rates absenteeism simply matter result acute chronic illness resentment frustration core case job complaints universal apparently china japan organization reported ideal types jobs employees claim alienated feel trapped overwhelmed estrangement isolation powerlessness
course harder recognize combat internal foe external minds cluttered hard noticing body alarm signals let assessing accurately ignore stress signals habituate taking heavier load stress searching ways lessen learn alert signals inform keyed learn tune avoid harm analyze stress status consider total amount stress proportionately stress part total stress need rest lopsided stress need diversion mental emotional stress remedied physical mental diversion involve body task activate general stress distress worrying blocking automatically loses force proportions stress altered jogging swimming cleaning car plain walking help voluntary activities merely resting mental diversion equalize stress consciously concentrate pleasant troubling erased fade thoughts
classifications entertaining especially illuminating types kisses overlap change dunes wind kiss began intention transformed original meaning lost st paul known simple advice salute holy kiss admonition romans repeated corinthians ii centuries st paul holy kiss interpreted reinterpreted finding expression variety religious rites baptism marriage confession ordination osculum kiss peace supposed represent god kiss christ kiss eternal blessing believers kiss transmit spiritual feelings chaste love christian denominations holy kiss exchanged priest penitent clergy exchanged kiss special masses members greek church exchanged kiss easter sunday holy kiss passed common practice reformation enjoying renaissance modern catholic anglican episcopalian congregations kiss bride groom contemporary couples interpret expression love desire actually part pre christian pagan rites meant legal bonds assumed catholics took existing ceremonial kiss legality changed transmission kiss peace priest groom groom bride culture reserved kiss ceremonial religious occasions kiss peace retained austerity chastity
oral contraceptives introduced fourth couples united states form contraception relied diaphragm diaphragm users won pill iuds diaphragm choice couples wilhelm german physician invented rubber diaphragm late design diaphragm dome shaped cup thin rubber stretched metal ring diaphragm correctly spermicidal cream jelly covers mouth cervix preventing sperm entering uterus diaphragms obtained prescription individual differences women diaphragm carefully fitted ensure effective comfortable trained person adjustments fitting checked routine annual examination childbirth abortion weight change ten pounds inserting diaphragm woman spread tablespoon spermicidal jelly cream surface dome cervix diaphragm easiest insert user squats lies stands foot raised user squeezes diaphragm narrow shape hand holds labia hand pushes diaphragm wall vagina keeping cervix
male female hormones interfere sperm production development male similar ovulation suppression female effectiveness hormones unpredictable side effects include loss libido sex drive development female secondary sex characteristics enlarged breasts derivative oil extensively china results low sperm counts temporary infertility reported side effects include disturbances potassium metabolism general weakness testosterone levels apparently affected decreased libido noted small percentage tends return normal ongoing studies underway countries theoretically immunity fertility produced sensitizing sperm cells produces antibodies inactivate disease similarly woman sensitized egg cells partner sperm cells experimentally theory works widespread human testing begin questions answered immunity lasts control known allergic reactions threatening problem present methods sterilization women permanent percent techniques sterilization studied hope restoring fertility easier predictable female sterilization attempted injecting liquid silicone fallopian tubes solidifies forms plug
recent definitions distinction alcohol abuse alcohol dependence alcoholism according edition diagnostic statistical manual mental disorders american psychiatric association essential feature alcohol abuse pattern pathological month impairment social occupational functioning essential features alcohol dependence called alcoholism pattern pathological alcohol impairment social occupational functioning due alcohol tolerance withdrawal authorities definitions describe problems drinking important point alcoholic problems alcohol person drinks month payday exam drives intoxicated alcohol social economic classes alcohol excessively considered skid row bums skid row bums account small percentage total alcoholic population represent final stage drinking career began white american excessive drinking begins teens twenties gradually progresses thirties person clearly identified alcoholic late thirties early forties uncommon alcoholism begin age concomitant psychiatric problems depression realize patterns alcohol abuse
ago called generation gap defined partly according drugs chose abuse martini side joint tab clear picture clouded oregano jar filled marijuana moved middle class household standing joke young rebellious getting stoned gin johnny walker acid gold lines divided generations blurred tremendous increase drug young rich poor controlled closed societies remote countries isolated mass transportation communication untouched spread drug past greatest controversies grow misuse information drugs effects sides drug question tend distort information drugs suit prejudices matter drugs chapter define psychoactive drug substance body alter person experience consciousness sensations feelings thoughts functions nervous system arbitrarily divided psychoactive drugs categories central nervous system depressants barbiturate effects central nervous system stimulants amphetamine effects psychedelics marijuana cannabis products
improved nutrition american century contributed single factor health increased span nutrition essential optimal health important understand affected eat parents find difficult believe children survive constant coaxing eat spinach finish milk don eat candy escape childhood vague feeling tastes bad taste terrible adults buried avalanche nutrition advice newspapers magazines books television advice reliable harmless nonsense downright lethal left confused makes nutritionally sound diet continue eat feel guilty eating properly conflicts unnecessary clear nearly united states nourishing diet eat food entirely giving food mean eat matter means ways fulfill nutritional needs nutrition young science basic facts nutrients needed adequate balanced diet foods supply needs
society peculiar dilemma faces ailing problem extremely clear cut broken arm needs set find adrift sea choices symptoms mild ambiguous forget aspirin doctor doctor find wrong doctors conflicting diagnoses specialist decide kind specialist miracle capsule advertised tv help manufacturer wouldn allowed extravagant claims claims true hand listen small print hedging relieve minor symptoms maybe chiropractor osteopath bed earlier running cut sugar meditate therapist clergyman talk friend maybe acupuncture help sufferer knowledge choice real assurance bring relief efforts conventional western medicine provide assurance surprise bewildering situation buy worthless health products useless health services americans spent billion health health products compared billion increase result inflation clearly upward spiral health care costs terms gross national product
individual consumer resources check truthfulness service claim health product fortunately federal local agencies resources continuing effort protect consumers fraudulent claims dangerous products communities complete lists federal local consumer protection agencies phone numbers addresses limit discussion largest federal agencies food drug administration fda federal trade commission ftc postal service fda branch department health human services concerned primarily ingredients labeling products move interstate commerce ftc concerned cases deceptive advertising postal service primary jurisdiction mail fraud involved fda authority limited laws passed congress assigned agency enforcement principal responsibility enforcement ensure wholesome foods safe effective drugs medical devices harmless cosmetics truthful labeling products run food drug cosmetic medical device feel unsanitary potentially harmful complain fda complaints lead recalls improved products registering complaint check product intended purpose properly instructions check product outdated
table lists interactions sampling drugs attempt list drugs interact dangerously drug listed table necessarily safe drug fact assume drug buy dangerous interaction drugs known danger counter drugs hallucinations knowing advance susceptible drugs hallucinations means uncommon drugs likely hallucinations doze tranquil ingredients antihistamines chlorpheniramine belladonna atropine recent federal trade commission stand otc drug manufacturers advertising claims clinical testing proof change advertising case point called extra strength pain reliever products labeled extra strength stronger plain aspirin aspirin aspirin regardless brand claims generally effective drug treating minor pain fever aspirin dangers noted hypothetical case diabetic harmful reactions aspirin rare occur common indigestion nausea vomiting internal bleeding taking aspirin blood fecal matter doctor immediately
syphilis known evil pox pox considered severe complications sexually transmitted diseases left untreated complications result blindness paralysis insanity death syphilis caused thin corkscrew organism capacity move steadily rotating axis warmth moisture essential survival dies quickly human body organism transmitted opening break skin mucous membranes means kissing vaginal oral genital anal intercourse incubation period syphilis range days average days individual untreated syphilis remain contagious months early days late days contact infected person sign syphilis open sore commonly known chancre appears location organism entered body genitals cervix anus lips mouth throat breast chancre painless left untreated heals weeks generally weeks months chancre appears symptoms secondary syphilis develop apparent symptoms percent cases general feeling poor health include combination headaches loss appetite nausea constipation pain bones muscles joints low grade persistent fever
older happy healthy sufficient age including negative occur gradually majority adapt easily gracefully percent age united states cared institutions generally rest continue live meaningful independent lives america look favorably prospect growing dread feel shameful regretted treat conscious humor laugh age jokes feel comfortable aging culture america oriented youth aged mercilessly oppressed minorities age matter color religion sex likely victim discrimination overlook process aging limited elderly begins conception continues death looked aging changing structure function stress canadian biologist hans selye points doubt constant passage construct living inanimate wears ages true human beings insects autos civilizations volcanoes tornados alike understand aging
modern medicine able predict earlier earlier accurately illness terminal increasing numbers advance die weeks months chance help experience dying gracefully dignity important parts process establishing maintaining physical emotional closeness dying person honest open communication rule tells person dying doctor family member friend times dying person figures asks suspicions true point dying person support help taking care unfinished business dealing complex emotions involved terminally ill testify significant experiences lives found soon die aware limited able delight experiences open find greater meaning aware lose able appreciate small events insignificant find deep meaning putting business affairs order finally saying loved important things want say dying person needs urgent
feelings feelings friends feelings family feelings kinds feelings feel happy feel sad feelings feelings show ways person showing feelings person feel tell think happened face show feelings hands arms show feelings ways clown shows feelings clown look happy clown look sad clown look angry ways clown look clown clown face choose feeling show show feeling face show walk hands arms ask friends guess feeling families show feelings care families show care families things help care show care friends care friends show care friend show care think ways friend susan toy asked brother play susan mark toy broke think susan feels think mark feels think happen adult help think dan feels
alike ways children grade tell ways alike ways ways child think alike belong groups group family family alike ways live things care ways families alike ways families children belong group group things things spend things group friend friends things play talk listen friends show care friends help learn help play friends share friends show care show friend show care want want play want relax things person need enjoy
yesterday julie felt happy liked story written today julie feels unhappy found spelling mistakes story feels angry feels afraid let story makes mistakes making mistake help learn julie learn mistakes feelings mistakes wrong jim mother asked help randy mean today jim don think likes anymore mother randy hurt feelings yes jim sadly going play maybe randy didn mean jim mother answered randy friend talk asked jim don think find asked mother jim thought minute asked think think jim mother say think happen kim helps family sets table job billy dog job feed clean dog takes care dog dana friend helps friends need billy kim dana feel things help feel jobs feel dr school psychologist children school talk
muscles harder muscles heart heart pump pumps blood body blood brings energy parts body helps body grow play exercise body needs energy heart harder rest need energy heart hard healthy heart helps body grow need food exercise rest heart healthy heart healthy hear heart working doctor listens heart beat beat tells fast heart pumping feel heart beat try exercise put hand heart wrist neck feel beat try rest beat ago body named vesalius studied human body drew pictures bones muscles drew pictures heart vesalius book drawings body book helped learn body learning body helped learn health skin covers body grows grow skin helps stay warm cold helps stay cool hot
miss johnson works school cafeteria helps cook meals students eat cooking easy job miss johnson happy help students stay healthy works hard healthful meals taste water important health half body water need glasses water drink water need foods eat vegetables milk fruits juices water glasses water drink fruits vegetables sugar body needs sugar energy eating fruits vegetables sugar need sugar added foods candy ice cream lot sugar cereals lot sugar sugar cavities teeth salt need foods eat extra salt health try eating foods adding salt body needs fats eating meat fats body needs foods think high fats ago sailors strange sickness sea sickness called scurvy scurvy lose hair teeth doctor named james lind studied sickness found sailors ate fruits sea scurvy
diseases caused disease germs germs tiny living things small eyes germs disease germs needed bodies disease germs ill germs looking microscope doctors helpers microscopes microscope helps doctor find kind germ causing disease doctor help person ill germs germs grow food spoil food taste smell bad eating spoiled food ill find spoiled food tell adult keeping foods cold helps germs growing cooking foods helps rid germs cooked food left spoil cold spoiling disease germs spread germs spread air sneezing coughing spread disease germs disease germs found things touch eat touching things help spread disease germs washing hands soap water rid germs martha home bad cold children martha class card hoped soon tracy brought card martha house tracy careful want sick tracy talked martha side room
disease germs body happens blood fighting germs part blood white blood cells white blood cells special job look pictures white blood cell trapping disease germ job fight germ mrs lab technician helps doctors find germs disease microscope job grows germs special dishes helps doctors find fight disease germs started school doctor gave shots shots help body fight disease germs shots diseases diseases shots getting doctor checkup lets doctor healthy checkup tells heart muscles doctor writes height weight doctor looks ears eyes throat helps doctor body growing ways help body stay healthy eat foods rest lot exercise clean healthy sick news healthy fast
community live play community homes stores parks schools want community safe want clean help stay healthy community park rest play park community park park clean safe helps park clean safe community beach part community swim fun community put lifeguards help swimmers safe lifeguards swimmers safe keeping beach clean help safe community makes lot garbage safe garbage live germs grow quickly lot garbage diseases germs collect garbage called sanitation workers sanitation workers community clean need help community help putting garbage bags help putting garbage trash cans helps sanitation workers community clean help communities health department health department works getting diseases health department makes sure places serve food clean tests air water sure clean
police officers live community want community safe tell ways police officers help community safe help live community communities volunteer help spend helping volunteers things help hospitals help fire department help schools volunteers help sick rush hospital help accident volunteers aid squad help community stay healthy places live play parts community keeping places clean helping community help keeping room clean help classroom school clean help community safe healthy wendy lynn cleaning yard wendy thinks leaves put bags lynn wants burn leaves wendy says burning leaves makes air dirty decide save leaves put garden leaves soil growing plants flowers need water safe drink need water free disease germs need water clean need water help save water
labels health products labels tell product label medicine tells medicine safely label box food tells food look labels health products katie gwen wanted try cereal looked cereal box saw lot sugar cereal katie gwen decided cereal eat knew added sugar katie gwen decided eat cereal added sugar fruit cereal taste sweeter girls wise consumers wise consumers look products buy sure packages closed sealed package opened breaking seal medicines foods safer sealed packages companies sure products sealed want spoil product sealing packages protects consumers special training help care health health workers give health services doctors nurses health workers health workers health workers read services help stay healthy seen workers community health workers safe seen health workers community
show feelings ways show feelings faces words sounds show feel ways stand sit move show lot feel show feelings eyes mouths hands ways show feelings friends let feel share pleasant feelings joy pride share feelings fear sadness friend share feelings helpful share feelings close friends feel tell feelings strange call members family friends friends care families care show care ways family takes care sure food clothes place live family important keeping healthy answer early checkup number family important keeping healthy family important health love give love family sharing love helps feel family helped learn ways love friend try quiet resting maybe help family feel giving hug
ways family maybe color eyes hair mother maybe enjoy sports grandfather ways exactly looks exactly acts exactly feels exactly grow find learning makes special person help enjoy becky drew family tree wrote names girls women circles wrote names boys triangles wrote person family tree becky plan andy asked scott play school scott told andy felt disappointed began feel angry felt angry threw book floor andy teacher asked pick book bring upset throwing book didn feel think deal feelings andy thought keeping feelings inside helped feelings upset stomach think andy handle feelings
person feeling feelings pleasant unpleasant hard deal mixed feelings jenny mixed feelings baby brother jenny liked hold baby liked care jenny felt angry baby taking mixed feelings bothered jenny acted badly felt upset acted jenny talked grandmother mixed feelings grandmother offered care baby afternoon week give jenny mother jenny mother talk mother idea bed night let spend daddy care baby jenny grandmother mother found healthy ways deal jenny mixed feelings problem need solve problems harder solve true problems feelings job ask help need parents able help problems sisters brothers cousins help friends teachers help find answers problems answer early checkup number try solve problems
eyes help read eyes pick messages brain figures messages mean answer early checkup number brain help brain receives messages senses senses seeing hearing smelling tasting touching messages travel brain special cells cells called nerves brain helps parts body nerves carry messages brain parts body suppose wanted turn page brain receive message eyes telling book brain tell muscles arm hand move happen faster read cells brain nerves need rest think tired getting sleep help brain nerves ms tests hearing special machine job puts earphones person hearing tested person listens carefully sounds earphone ms makes sound softer softer person tells longer hear sound person hear ms sends person ear doctor
think word healthy means sick healthy means lot healthy lot energy energy helps helps play helps bodies grow healthy means looking feeling look mirror tell lot health skin look clean bright eyes sparkle hair combed clean feel happy smile signs healthy signs health muscles stronger grow running jumping games move help muscles strong play ways playing muscles stronger games fun play fun health spend playing muscles tired quickly try play fitness important part health physically fit energy need strong muscles sore tired easily eating healthful foods build fitness build fitness exercise exercises strong help body stretch bend easily help lungs heart answer early checkup number
daily exercise start slowly build kind exercise exercises warm ups warm ups stretch muscles help body ready harder exercise exercises cool help body slow lot exercise exercises heart lungs swimming biking running answer early checkup number exercises heart exercises heart lungs remember warm ups finish exercises heart lungs strengthen muscles exercises help body bend exercises exercise helps feel finish exercising lot energy feel pleased exercise exercise helps posture posture person stands sits moves posture look alert full energy clothes fit posture helps body organs correct places play need sleep sleep lets parts body rest heart keeps beating beats slowly sleep lungs working breathing slows sleep body chance grow
need servings fruit vegetable group serving fruit orange grapefruit melon serving dark green yellow vegetable families cook fruits vegetables eat eat fruits vegetables raw fruits vegetables health cooked raw answer early checkup number raw vegetables health foods milk group milk milk country comes cows milk goats sheep animals cheese milk yogurt milk cheese yogurt eaten ways milk yogurt mixed fruits nuts cheese yogurt foods children age need servings milk group mrs parents shopping cooking family choose foods buy decide meals mrs want family healthy learn foods reading books magazines talk food eat shop plan carefully find tasty ways leftover food store food carefully wasted eat vitamins minerals vitamins help body foods eat
children age help families prepare meals help shopping learn buy healthful foods learn prepare healthful ways times able choose snacks snacks health snacks health learn choose snacks wisely paul likes eat foods likes peanut butter sandwiches pizza found eating foods basic food groups thinks stay healthy eating foods eating kinds foods person healthy need foods basic food group eating kinds foods vitamins minerals need happen eat foods sugar need gain weight sugar cavities teeth read ingredients list food packages ingredients list tells food sugar ingredient listed food sugar honey corn syrup molasses forms sugar look ingredients list eat lot chips pretzels french fries getting salt need
alex woke morning nose felt stuffy feel sick feeling school began sneeze cough glad mother tissues lunch teacher saw alex red watering eyes alex told mrs johnson feel throat starting feel sore going send nurse mrs johnson home tell parents sneezing coughing healthy feel healthy person illness body ways showing wrong cough sneeze headache stomach ache chapter talks reasons feel times sneeze send germs air germs living things tiny live air touch wear germs diseases ill ill helpful help foods cheese yogurt vinegar answer early checkup number germs ill kinds germs seen microscope special cameras pictures germs microscopes microscope invented germs millions grew learned grow germs safely petri dishes
look pictures pages shows safe place play shows place safe play tell picture page shows safe place play broken glass ground rocks trip holes fall moving cars picture page shows place safe play tell safe play area bicycle safety starts bicycle starts bicycle checkup check seat height firmly place check tires filled air check bell horn working think bicycle driver control bicycle times learning drive bicycle places cars special hand signals help bicycle drivers safe signal lets turning left signal lets turning signal lets stopping answer early checkup number special signals help bicycle driver safe traffic signals signal means stop looked safe signal tells safe walk
teach safety scouts meet week talk safety rules times learn accident takes scouts camping teaches safe outdoors pick safe places camp learn lost enjoys teaching scouts safe prevent happening accidents prevented prevent accidents think act learn things safely falls kind accident help prevent wipe spills floor put toys books clothes trip look ahead walking running walk carefully ice snow water ground watch step bumps cracks fires dangerous ways family prevent fire accidents matches adult helping careful stove fireplace campfire loose clothing catch fire easily things home safe special warning labels home care products warning labels tell products
children taking swimming lessons knowing swim help safe water water safety knowing swim children learned swim swim adult watching read signs water signs tell safest times places swim children class swim swim water deep rough answer early checkup number swim keeping safe water means keeping safe boating wear boating help float fall water swimmer wear boat case accident tell adult falls cuts bee stings problems simple things ice bee sting insect bite ice bite swelling lot ice helpful bump helps bump swelling fall scrape knee elbow wash scrape soon clean scrape skin soap water help rinse dirt germs touch hot mistake burn hand finger burn bad thing rinse cold water
buy health products toothpaste floss soap shampoo health products clothes food health products product grown health products grown help stay healthy buy products called consumers questions consumers need ask health product need product product harm product product money need ask special questions kinds products important questions ask buying food ingredients food healthful food food fresh wise consumers ask questions buying clothes clothes weather clothes protect clothes clothes fit health products directions directions tell product tell product helpful product harm correctly carefully answer early checkup number health product help matter health products helpful harmful eat healthful meals need extra health food products bodies need foods eat advertisements television newspapers magazines
looks acts place special look pictures tell children special tell special feel special feelings feelings feelings important part special help special look pictures tell happy person happy feeling show feeling feelings tell feelings important health things feeling inside habits help feel run play eat rest sleep need care look look pictures health habits tell important tell health habits tell habits important hop rabbit jump frog run cat feel look brown hair blue eyes show feeling face body guess friends care help share friends fun feels friends feels friend look pictures
standard questions part america tell deal drinking country nation alcohol drinkers american adults drink times drink times week strangely drinkers learn taste alcoholic beverages swallow sip wonder drinks sees glass beer shot hard liquor finds beers taste awful drinks shot whiskey gagging wine major alcoholic beverage enjoyed tried drinkers continue delight taste wine families wine meal habit eating bread dessert enjoy taste steak rice pie flavor wine taste beer countless drinkers enjoy unique ability cold beer quench strong thirst hot drinkers drink taste alcohol bloody mary enjoyed vodka matter fact drink bloody mary mix accident popular hard liquor america vodka flavor
liquor heightens pleasure enthusiasm enables let friendly experience feelings strongly relax drinking heightens pleasant feelings help feel making aware unpleasant feelings events alcohol tends reduce inhibitions shyness loosen control feel effect stimulation feelings released include anger hostility feelings inferiority superiority love generosity tenderness jealousy feelings result unusual drinker behavior crying fighting yelling hugging laughing nagging taking risks major hang ups experience important behavior drink small amounts alcohol food affect ability think clearly increasing amounts tend harder judgments concentrate understand alcohol prevent inexperienced drinkers realizing ability think clearly act think re sober judge experienced mature drinkers think clearly act sensibly generally speaking alcohol person drinks difficulty physical tasks moderate amounts alcohol drinks hurt ability act sensibly tasks small amounts alcohol help things relaxes removing tension nervousness inhibits behavior
knowing drink makes difficult help impossible fact problem drinkers alcoholics want helped alcohol hurting lives important types treatment help problem drinkers alcoholics alcoholics anonymous successful sources help alcoholics aa local groups composed recovering alcoholics times week help sober stay sober half million wide part fellowship aa meetings members discuss drink drinking managed stop drinking stopped aa believes recover alcoholism recover diabetes aa believes alcoholic alcoholic sense alcoholics drink hope stay sober organizations aa model helping relatives alcoholics teenage children alcoholic parents join al anon husbands wives friends alcoholics alcoholic family member friend aa al anon members talk help alcoholic family help avoid damaged alcoholic problems
mean say drink alcohol drinks alcohol drink beer wine whiskey vodka champagne drinks partly alcohol rest water flavors minerals beer alcohol wine alcohol beer wines alcohol minerals fruit juice water drinks hard liquor spirits whiskey gin vodka bourbon rum brandy alcohol nearly alcohol let glass wine beer shot glass hard liquor experiment alcohol types drinks sank bottom drinks look drink glass wine beer shot hard liquor amount alcohol think drink hard liquor taking stronger drink alcohol person drinks beer glass wine true put shot hard liquor glass mixed drinks hard liquor mixed juice soda shots hard liquor result mixed drinks times alcohol beer glass wine
americans drink elementary junior high school tell kids sitting means kids age drink parents mean kids age drinking night drunk kids drink enjoy think drinking young junior high school drink prefer beer wine kids drinking problem kids poor homes rich homes white black girls boys kids drink thinking drinking curious drinking kids afraid alcohol re sure drinking hurt young afraid start drinking able stop re curious afraid drinking learn alcohol ways dangerous question ask kids problems drinking alcohol kids problems caused drugs heroin marijuana speed kids drinking problems drug problems adults talk drugs alcohol
million united states problem drinkers alcoholics hear lot drug addicts junkies americans problems drug alcohol drug think problem drinker bum living skid row part town bums live true problem drinkers live normal lives jobs married children belong clubs church pay taxes lot drinking think poor drinking problems middle class rich true drinking problems kinds families kinds backgrounds include doctors truck drivers teachers factory workers think drink manage jobs problem drinkers alcoholics helped sure women kids drinking problems problem drinkers helped stop drinking drink terrible thing person makes stop drinking women stop drinking wives husbands decide divorce problem drinkers stop drinking older grow
spring seeds wild vine sprout woodshed beginning slow subtle dance covering shed weathered wall moves act creation performed continuous motion growth seed twining stem leaf curling tendril bloom fruit seed growing individual plant parts incidental movements stimulated gravity light touch movements called tropisms movements plant stems leaves stimulated light lack light sketching plant stems leaves consider light directing movements curling grasping movements vine tendrils responses touch liveliest looking movements plants draw lively lines choose individual plant house sketch view hour afternoon end compare sketches plant moved plants choose sketch move move lot favorite subjects kind sketching experiment young plants small watch parts closely sign movement spent sunny garden making periodic sketches pickle plant sketch showed tiny sprout beginning ground sketch pictured shoveling sandy soil
animals move freely conscious move moving sense pulsing standing animals move breaths blinks ready action breathe drawings animals giving look awareness part bodies verge end move tilted head expressive face arched curved tail animal look break spell stillness moment blinking eye heaving breath moving animals move place place pushing pulling things crawls pushing ground hind end pulling ground front end toad muscular hind legs push ground hop lizard climbing boulder pulls rock clawed step effective draw animals motion show midst pushing pulling movement shape shadow cast watch shadow alters perform movements notice shadows ground change shapes move hours careful attention shadows underscores motion subjects simultaneously suggests motion sun earth
drawing moving animals draw quickly action sketch live moving animals drawing lines reenact scene seeing trout jumping mayfly quickly sketch water line fly draw trout motion recall leaping line body mayfly fish moves underwater nearly weightless density water helps hold body fish leap water air travel air body weight pulls autumn find comfortable spot sit trees watch falling leaves concentrate single leaf try recreate downward dance paper pencil line find matter leaf moves course fall visualized drawn essential line motion relax rhythm falling leaves drawing lines fresh light won run subjects trees bare watching falling leaves keen recognize lines motion nature line motion composed successive movements movement suggests line motion movement look draw
took deep painful breaths chance hoping voice didn tremble thanked lady chicago stepped slowly bus tarmac found tail end group male passengers funneling lines passed side inspection table looked vast open expanse airport place hole dive need lot luck plainclothes officers side table searching alternately passengers milled jostling pulled books shoulder bag waited officer left began pat passenger glided past line officer busy passenger replaced books bag searched seat airplane floated past officer approached boarding ramp raised foot turkish soil hand touched lightly elbow hand grasped arm turned casually hoped gestured officer moment officer happened glance holding officer answered turkish grip arm suddenly tightened pulled table
travel fine dad experiences fine advised finish school wouldn listen strike strike months later army called pre induction physical dad saw starve days physical knew acted crazy front army doctors rated psychologically unfit serve dad furious refuse serve country service united states army honor argued violently evening mom worried look face rushed church play dad face grew red snowy white hair irish temper flashed words flew clear understand viewpoint finally dad leveled finger ok drop college psychiatric report records bum ahead telling re going wind trouble dad strike wondered father wash hands didn dad discussed drugs sure thought hashish heroin pretty caught smuggling heroin justified leaving rot understand difference mom rob peggy pain
things easily mom dad provided comfortable existence house north babylon york modest warm earliest days course settled catholic schools grades college marry nice girl find job live didn question school sisters praised efforts effort involved sports starter school teams exerting college dad wanted marquette jesuit university milwaukee question paying bills freshman lived home suddenly found asked questions began question run track full possibilities family considered normal surfing freshman decided vacation sort troubled thoughts thumbed mexico pacific coast picked odd jobs survive spent lazy hours surfing coast stayed semester sophomore mom dad upset openly rebelled wishes war southeast asia crowded
morning woke choking fear gripped throat body ached lumpy wood plank bed stink filtered tier stung nose chorus coughing hacking reminded living cage slowly strength returned legs feet paced cell morning walter opened door cell waited impatiently sleepy guard opened door yard days days clock operate strict schedule door opened immediately rushed sucked clear cold air stared open sky walls looked straight clouds birds blue winter mornings finally week uncertainty guard called morning hi yes visitor corridor conference room tables chairs eyes latched view barred windows rolling fields green trees open distances treat gaze distance wall front eyes waiting table fleshy grinning turk thin black hair heavily greased pushed useless attempt cover bald spot
joe shouted recognized smiling turk befriended police station night arrest offered hashish refused politely wanted head clear courtroom shrugged took generous swig vodka bottle continued game influence amazed couldn understand waiting room called soldiers handcuffed led maze underground passages flights dark narrow stairs reached upper level unchained small room bigger closet windows bare heating pipe walls covered york subway train found small blank spot took pen wrote william hayes york called court prisoner dock eyes immediately settled looking girl spectators seats seen woman yellow legal pad lap loved legs sat table front babbled looked spot charles told prosecutor sit concerned didn want turkish lee bailey tearing cross examination
hierarchy administration headed hamid hierarchy prisoners top big gangsters turkish counterpart american heavyweight criminals called feared respected inside prison rich ruthless prison sentence minor inconvenience matter charge money court judge statements papers police records doctors reports free spend maybe eighteen months inside inside lived kings didn want escape leave country power turkey spent running prison rackets gambling drugs contraband items profits high risks violence accepted method competition power groups rung number lesser gangsters coming criminals brash young killers reputations murderers highly regarded murder considered manly crime turkey common street thieves pickpockets bottom social structure bottom turks concerned foreign non moslem hippie hashish smokers couldn tried morning evening yoga help
howling rage ran beads flew hands tormentor wake battled yelling punching attendant finally responded uproar called room dressed inmate pajamas turk seen resembled gorilla faint spark intelligence hovering furrowed eyes lumbered owner beads obviously troublemaker grabbed screaming shoulders smashed violently wall madman collapsed instantly picked limp body carried room attendants treated cuts bruises attendant approvingly grinned endless requests cigarettes ending hum general bedlam place clear thinking evaluate situation plan actions madhouse think yes wheel pace solitude sort jumbled thoughts cellar joined procession marching steadfastly counterclockwise thoughts continually crept west wall huge footholds mortar sure climb wall monkey climbing find clothes passport
morning awakened early muslim prayers slipped bed walk wheel think passed room saw madmen prayer led white bearded spiritual leader section prayer mats merely scrap sheet blanket spastic inmates end difficulty routine bending kneeling tangled fell floor downstairs found wheel standstill left asleep rag wrapped figures lay strewn corners room huddled clumps darkness platform wheel empty looked strange seen stopped moving direction wondered things started walking direction moved clockwise woke fall step wrong leadership decided try spoke wheel began turning slowly wrong direction morning moved stone hub wheel steady hypnotic pace soothing slow circular movement gloom continued turks began walking usual direction motioned turn shook head motioned direction
suddenly heard door open measured walk bottom stairs voice called turkish word skeleton turk nickname max max didn want guards coming room quickly stumbled corridor stairs popeye dropped hashish toilet hole slipped rooms suddenly heard max yelling raced corridor arrived top stairs guards twisting max arms reached pocket max robe pulled hashish guards dragged max basement saw mutter stood door grin face max returned days later limped slightly wrists bandaged glasses missing squinted painfully talked downstairs beaten minutes run hamid max guards max broke glasses sliver glass slash wrists guards forced drag revere prison dispensary beating told damn learned truth max leaned closer lowered voice kinds drugs revere arne studied astrological charts carefully
ran tried swear joey clumsy english goddamn shut sputtered wham joey fist flew moment hesitation caught nose knocked crowd kids squealed delight moment joey hero newcomer arrived jean claude held extradition france charge dapper distinguished looking gentleman forties picture health immediately told tuberculosis needed doctor week doctor spent received visits named supposed big lawyer rumored arrange visiting consul jean claude visit jean claude wife slim tiny vietnamese woman black straight hair skin pure cream fell love immediately weeks jean claude announced hospital street prison tuberculosis worse needed special treatment looked healthy ten days hospital jean claude escaped night disappeared locked guarded prisoners wing
won sit dad told reporter try kill effect turkish judges worried court smuggling trial maybe publicity anger giving thirty sure hoped dad knew weeks barrage continued reporter annabelle learned ankara decision based partly political pressures nixon administration foreign aid dependent ban opium poppy growing turkish farmers mad wanted pressure applied ankara court stiffened penalties drug offenders benefit international social order decision case accordance international agreements court fact maximum penalty opium smuggling ten turkey called pawn poppy game paper reporter bob greene visit ran story story asked write impressions prison dreaming writer rejection slips collected milwaukee requesting write maybe publicity wouldn bad thing sunday edition ran photo riding pony bronx zoo
joey popeye morning popeye woke middle night bathroom moved heard slight noise peering saw hovering huge radio carefully removed screws pulled cover looked suspiciously slipped money radio tightened cover replaced radio top locker money thought obvious place double locker crafty jordanian threw track money unlocked radio knew lot money main source drugs remember ran chi shop careful eye maximum profits joey rubbed hands glee fight children jordanian worst enemy gonna rip whispered gonna fun count bad enemy hoo boy popeye going free month chance burn ass thanks luck popeye threw hands air whistled forgot incident nights later
army camp melted rocks waded beach walked inland cover woods circle moved past army base hour walking knew careful surely alarm shaved blond moustache left brought shoe polish dump hair tilled fields distance peasants working bend small village careful don blow dirt road entered town cobblestone street stringy gray beard leaned heels wall sucked pipe bursa looked obviously dirty wet crusty muddy bandaged hand floppy hat pulled low turkish asked answered hesitantly twenty months istanbul prison hash grinned asked beach friends jeep drank lot night lost need bursa tip pipe pointed narrow road volkswagen bus bursa roof piled high burlap bags filled onions olives produce inside packed peasants found looked driver
woke suddenly wrong bus pulled quick halt leaned forward god policeman standing road arm outstretched forcing driver stop looked quickly door trapped think think door slammed open policeman jumped took quick glance passengers read newspaper watched carefully corner eye big body completely blocked doorway policeman asked driver papers read carefully glance passengers let quiet sigh looking figured re trail haven told newspapers maybe police don want embarrassed huge white loomed edge horizon wished didn expect border figured cover rainstorm help worked bus arrived edirne noon overgrown village crowded dirty decided wait afternoon move south try border night lose amid jostling holiday crowds walked streets jammed chattering bustling police drank tea bought fruit covered bazaar circumstances enjoyed max told lot edirne called
gazed window bus rugged greek countryside sliding free free thanked ancient gods hills gods infinite blue sky sweet jesus friend late afternoon dropped police station allowed call american consulate fine young named jim murray jim arms full bucket fried chicken apples oatmeal cookies cans butterscotch pudding copies international herald tribune magazines copy turkish newspapers front page ridiculous full color drawing artist portrayed fierce heavy muscled viciously sawing rope fisherman dinghy knife typical turkish journalism jim gave warm socks pair sneakers clothes contacted department inform folks thank god knew hard past weeks worst greeks leave soon passport ready jim figured monday asked call folks tell love sure need money ask send
strange sky strange alice car minutes mum bring grandpa city lunch grandpa vicar st michael church top hill times preach days ordinary patient usual alice begun times fold robes put suitcase bring dream put gravelly footprint sleeve white proved careless wiped feet doormat mum grandpa dropped opinion fact month distance opinion fall dream giving considered nasty dream nasty person looking round room grandpa things realizing hopeless expect achieve walls shelves signs relics foreign lands row books written signed picture holding hands queen things complete person completed
horse moved steps backwards forwards moved taking place barbed wire fence fallen problem hinder walking straight top strands bramble steepness fallen dry leaves beech trees growing lower leaves brown dry upper bare walked pointy top stood halfway trees looked look hill morning thought pick looked obvious thing view clear ground overgrown orchard wall road space air clear looked straight rest view roofs field side roofs double ended horse alice thought empty hill climbed today chiefly felt hungry missing lunch looked watch found half hour left thought stay
alice stood patch sunlight touch ground late light end coming uphill touched ground cobbles sloped hill arguing stood sunset red light shine knees pink hair scarlet allowed alice saw sunlight feet longer penetrating mortar cobbles dusty valleys darkening religion cold home religious alice altered shape difficult sunlight bright cold alice saw getting smaller smaller happening glare shadow alice saw turned round altered shape looking front pinkish knees dark school uniform coat overflowing blaze hair getting smaller walking eye sun alice ankle deep shadow blind light blanked eyes cold put tears
sense makes sense dad holding breakfast cup tea hands sign able argue sense talking certainly won bees mum happen don dad think indigestion mum bees rats dad summat night mum aye dad mum gave grammar struggle woken don need looking loft sure need spoonful water night alice don dressed washed think temper church water dad happen touch wind roof sunday mum deed dad won wind mind junket night alice dressed dad roof ladder stood hall open front door dad knew roof house fact final months mum refusing live completely finished
late school policeman call give receipt hear afternoon give alice didn find found policeman finders keepers don want alice don want policeman happy remark think talk police ladies things thing alice brought lay counter police station silvery shiny shining dark wood clean bright ring diamond alice thought diamond raised side ugly clumsy jewel lay lights blue red beautiful alice found lying cobbles edge market place winked walked stopped stooped looked tempted pick put stood ready walk disregard looked real picked alice let knew took change going change
alice picked ring carefully finger thumb left hand happened ring found ring found find finger knew going throat think wants marry knew throat wrong taking gift took finger thumb hand let meet circle ring happened clear alarming sudden closer hand finger thumb clearer grew understanding watching startled evil splendid foul pulled hand bent pulled rubbish wind moving past square blue tissue paper wrapped apple wrapped ring place apple put flat packet sleeve walked police station opened door put packet counter original idea policeman seen pleased
piece stone mum looked grandpa laying sofa queen muck giving orders dad stopped giving lying laying mum hen set ways learn english dad hen don want laying stone yes yes alice don set tales hold dad alice show map grandpa spent looking map wanted look agreed mattered don agree talking fact disagree able talk disagreeing disagreeable map floor held flat books lay lengths string holding ends string pieces formed irregular cross don dad bother bits string alice knew felt tired say
heard re side don iron cat inside velvet kitten hear committee rights hands altar frontal fold job don committees days deciding met dean chapter don touch cope precious embroidery needles sewing machine stuff looking procession alice friendly offer free tea parade unfriendly outraged alison research ancient documents reporter word alice strike twelve friend miss bennet represent reporter alice alice mum ways dad mean committee representative bodies reporter traffic yvonne excuse reporter names yvonne generally reporter minutes meeting office boring meeting operatic society attend stay yvonne meeting expects
singing ahead lined times knew greater circle complete ground ring complete finger unsure clear easter cross darkness choices winter spring stood making choices wide spaced rain begun fall circle smaller ring including rid true master hesitated power wrong wrong knew mind slept woke strength complete darkness midnight rain closed stand waterfall round shadows solidified tell grainy ghosts experienced plain knew side touching stood father lewis bishop tell dark real knew held hand ring flashed reflection ribbon lightning struck side side cloud
moment door pushed gently open young woman apparently twenty entered room needed glance child identify mother rich full dark eye lashes ripples silky black hair brown complexion gave cheek perceptible flush deepened saw gaze strange fixed bold undisguised admiration dress neatest fit set advantage finely moulded shape delicately formed hand trim foot ankle items appearance escape quick eye trader run glance points fine female article eliza master stopped looked hesitatingly looking harry sir boy bounded showing spoils gathered skirt robe shelby hastily withdrew carrying child arm jupiter trader turning admiration article fortune ar gal orleans seen thousand paid gals bit handsomer don want fortune shelby dryly seeking turn conversation uncorked bottle fresh wine asked companion opinion
mrs shelby visit eliza stood verandah dejectedly looking retreating carriage hand laid shoulder turned bright smile lighted fine eyes george frightened glad missis spend afternoon room saying drew neat apartment opening verandah generally sat sewing call mistress glad don smile look harry grows boy stood shyly regarding father curls holding close skirts mother dress beautiful eliza lifting curls kissing wish born george bitterly wish born surprised frightened eliza sat leaned head husband shoulder burst tears eliza bad feel poor girl fondly bad wish seen happy george george talk dreadful thing happened going happen sure happy till lately dear george drawing child knee gazed intently glorious dark eyes passed hand curls
saying words tied buttoned child simple outfit taking arms whispered opening door room led outer verandah glided noiselessly sparkling frosty starlight night mother wrapped shawl close round child perfectly quiet vague terror clung round neck bruno newfoundland slept end porch rose low growl gently spoke animal pet playmate instantly wagging tail prepared follow apparently revolving simple dog head indiscreet midnight promenade mean dim ideas measure embarrass considerably stopped eliza glided forward looked wistfully house reassured reflection pattered minutes brought window uncle tom cottage eliza stopping tapped lightly window pane prayer meeting uncle tom order hymn singing protracted late hour uncle tom indulged lengthy solos consequence twelve clock worthy help meet asleep lord aunt starting hastily drawing curtain
tom sitting mournfully shop conversation going suddenly heard quick short click horse hoof fairly awake surprise young master george sprang wagon threw arms round neck sobbing scolding energy declare real mean don care say em nasty mean shame shouldn george kind subdued howl mas george tom couldn ba seein ye real ye tell tom movement feet george eye fell shame exclaimed lifting hands knock fellow won mas george talk loud won help anger won sake think shame word tom shouldn heard tell blew em em home ar wasn feared mas george help say shame look uncle tom turning shop speaking mysterious tone brought dollar
tom received agreeable intelligence meekly simply wondering heart doomed wives children feel leaving confessed naive hand information thrown jail means produced agreeable impression poor fellow prided strictly honest upright course yes tom confess proud honesty poor fellow proud belonged higher walks society reduced straits wore evening saw haley tom comfortably accommodated washington tavern jail eleven clock mixed throng gathered court house steps smoking chewing spitting swearing conversing according respective tastes turns waiting auction commence women sold sat group talking low tone woman advertised regular african feature figure sixty older hard disease partially blind crippled rheumatism side stood remaining son albert bright looking fellow fourteen
trader shocked amazed things awful presence death struck solemn chill seen death times met trade acquainted thought hard customer embarrassed property operations unfairly swore gal baggage devilish unlucky things cent trip short consider ill decidedly help woman escaped give fugitive demand glorious union trader sat discontentedly put missing body soul head losses shocking creature trader unfeeling dreadful thinks traders universally despised received decent society sir makes trader blame enlightened cultivated intelligent supports system trader inevitable result poor trader public sentiment calls trade till feels shame
slept ears hour pretty tired found room sitting round table drinking talking thought muster especially heard say quakers says quaker settlement doubt says listened ears found talking party lay heard lay plans young kentucky master going niggers running wife going run orleans sell account calculated sixteen eighteen hundred dollars child going trader bought boy jim mother masters kentucky constables town litle piece ahead em em young woman judge fellows small smooth spoken swear property delivered south
case thoughtless indulgent unrestrained master found easier indulge regulate fallen absolute confusion regard master troubled st clare sense taught training servants unjust dangerous sort chronic remorse strong decided change course remorse reacted indulgence passed lightly faults told part dependents fallen tom regarded gay airy handsome young master odd mixture fealty reverence fatherly solicitude read bible church jested free wit spent sunday evenings opera theatre wine parties clubs suppers oftener expedient things tom plainly based conviction mas wasn christian conviction slow express founded prayers simple fashion dormitory tom speaking mind occasionally fact observable class sabbath st clare invited party choice spirits helped home clock night condition physical decidedly attained upper hand intellectual
tempted miss ophelia tempted st clare difficulty resolve won try break resolving won ten st clare haven clear clear sins cousin cousin augustine miss ophelia seriously laying knitting suppose deserve reprove shortcomings say true feels difference cut hand sooner thought wrong conduct inconsistent profession don wonder reprove cousin augustine sitting floor laying head lap don saucy boy love poke earnest think desperately distressingly tires death think subject boy auguste miss ophelia laying hand forehead dismally want talk seriously hot weather
law nervous affection nights ten night night clothes wringing wet won dry thread night clothes sheets mammy hang dry eva sweat miss ophelia shut mouth season eva fairly visibly doctor called marie sudden took turn knew felt destined miserable mothers wretched health darling child going grave eyes marie routed mammy nights scolded energy strength misery dear marie don talk st clare give case mother feelings st clare understand don don talk case indifferently st clare don feel child alarming blow bearing true st clare eva delicate knew grown rapidly exhaust strength situation critical
eva bedroom spacious apartment rooms house opened broad verandah room communicated side father mother apartment appropriated miss ophelia st clare gratified eye taste furnishing room style peculiar keeping character intended windows hung curtains rose colored white muslin floor spread matting ordered paris pattern device round border rosebuds leaves centre piece full blown roses bedstead chairs lounges bamboo wrought peculiarly graceful fanciful patterns head bed alabaster bracket beautiful sculptured angel stood drooping wings holding crown myrtle leaves depended bed light curtains rose colored gauze striped silver supplying protection mosquitos indispensable addition sleeping accommodation climate graceful bamboo lounges amply supplied cushions rose colored damask depending hands sculptured figures gauze curtains similar bed light fanciful bamboo table stood middle room vase wrought shape white lily buds stood filled flowers table lay eva books trinkets elegantly wrought alabaster writing stand father supplied saw trying improve writing
miss ophelia hastily thrusting bosom limb stealing bound imperious rosa call seizing roughly arm miss rosa pulling tan business sa rosa saw hiding yer tricks rosa seized arm tried force hand bosom enraged kicked fought valiantly considered rights clamor confusion battle drew miss ophelia st clare spot stealing rosa han sobbing passion give miss ophelia firmly hesitated order pulled bosom parcel foot stockings miss ophelia turned small book eva single verse scripture arranged paper curl hair memorable farewell st clare deal affected sight book rolled strip black torn funeral weeds
band glare blazing torches whoop shout savage yell beast proceeded swamp distance servant house establishment consequence wholly deserted cassy emmeline glided whooping shouts pursuers filling air looking sitting room windows cassy emmeline troop dispersing edge swamp emmeline pointing cassy hunt begun look lights dance hark dogs don hear chance wouldn worth pity sake let hide quick occasion hurry cassy coolly hunt amusement evening upstairs deliberately taking key pocket coat thrown hurry pay passage unlocked desk took roll bills counted rapidly don let emmeline don cassy starve swamps pay free states money girl spoke put money bosom stealing emmeline distressed whisper
knelt prayed feelings agitated tumultuous find rest poured bosom almighty love rising found family embraced holy trust peril dangers unknown ways brought note books missionary canadian fugitives truth stranger fiction system prevails whirls families scatters members wind whirls scatters leaves autumn shores refuge eternal shore unite glad communion hearts mourned lost affecting expression earnestness arrival met perchance bring tidings mother sister child wife lost view shadows slavery deeds heroism wrought romance defying torture braving death fugitive voluntarily threads terror perils dark land bring sister mother wife young missionary told recaptured suffering shameful stripes heroism escaped letter heard read tells friend going bring sister
northern northern mothers northern christians denounce brethren south look evil individual individual judge thing individual feel atmosphere sympathetic influence human woman feels strongly healthily justly interests humanity constant benefactor human race sympathies matter harmony sympathies christ swayed perverted worldly policy christian women north power pray believe prayer indistinct apostolic tradition pray heathen abroad pray heathen home pray distressed christians chance religious improvement accident trade sale adherence morals christianity cases impossibility courage grace martyrdom shores free states emerging poor shattered broken remnants families women escaped miraculous providences surges slavery feeble knowledge cases infirm moral constitution system confuses principle christianity morality
protestant minister rev dr thomas pastor presbyterian church omaha able close hand watch wrote christian midst representative protestant clergy speak mind brethren say greater fifty american christian statesman gentleman social worker priest roman catholic church look boys town center interpreted christ rabbi edgar los spoke jews abraham sat door tent welcome strangers passing freckle faced boys torn trousers dirty shirts reached arms took bosom black jews catholics variety protestants called knew god taught god met father simple motif present love wandering driftwood ugly cruel society wandering earth place lay heads boys town place emerged stalwart wholesome citizens asset society drain country saved millions dollars try prison lord knows human beings saved victims criminals
declared re nice kid bum don want bum stubby figured awhile caught send worse bum reformatory stubby harry listen idea scratched head hands deep exasperation remember guy snarled think hate minute hate remember priest harry explained father couldn remember roman catholic priest eye ago happened buttoned collar running kind free hotel guys money hotel de harry called upstairs beds drifters downstairs beds drunks dope addicts harry spitting largely inform stubby alcoholic remember night killed hands smiled sweet told easy touch misled asked liquor left patted frisking smooth dick
remembered mist dooryard nightfall house grandfather suspended ornament souvenir days teakettle swung hob simmered fire water boiling gently singing sound hot tea ready kitchen nails spiked plaster wall florid calendar insurance company hung orderly array coats caps outdoor gear fourteen family counting grandpa boys girls middle ceiling depended family treasure large oil lamp crinkled blue glass spotless chimney held clutch brass prongs holy pictures tacked oak paneling fireplace mantelpiece crowded photographs immigrant uncle cousins misty distant fairy tale city york cabinet portraits standing painted fan county fair boarded floor warm room homelike extra hunk cooky breadbox eddie soon realized fortunate friends boy knew kitchen house floored flat stones field turf grate burning wood coal beds wall local standards
months laugh tear soon question boys town father met match guy learn asked sisters getting cs reported fact learning lets eaten hate night older boy reported eddie groaning sleep walking dormitory father stood bed touched flushed face felt warm sweat fever sick boy thought shameful foolish lose hope boy bad soon god lord trying eddie deep faith going wants send help god course added hastily eddie worked ruddy find dark gusty grounds priest walked october night grieving face set wind real fathers feel sons love spoil eddie spoiled throw book rules grumbled going try spoiling devil love
forty afterward father turn nostalgic fervor seething voice demand vistas found innsbruck unforgettable unreality recall broad middle ages area maria lined tall fronts pointed roofs business houses orange painted streetcar single track hurtling overgrown toy memorial shaft end street rising prodigious pure snows alpine heights loved clock tower house called golden roof tiles gilded copper learned famous dwelling put gave street count tyrol known empty pockets lot counts father reminded words saying tyrol live closest god mountain peak area largely catholic deeply religious faith soon found ireland part daily shrines fields tales religious miracles told stations cross built mountain trails innsbruck university town renowned center learning
heat drought searing middle west summer burned wheat corn havoc wrought withering winds brought young st patrick chance help army lost army find start mission father worked hard blistering summer routine duties assistant rev john smith father smith pastor captained drive wipe vice lawlessness frontier town found peaceful father smith assistant father nearer sick poor confused afraid want omaha city place shifting population hundreds poured month seeking jobs railroads stockyards meat packing plants pool unemployed families hungry need watching floating families imposed assignments found food jobs helping extra task similar visiting hospital wards york extra simple burden drought middle western states thousands itinerant harvesters tough strong hard working crops starting kansas working north timing movements harvests
course juvenile criminals later adult criminals cases result neighborhood slum conditions neighborhood urban rural father eventually study case young brothers put death murder blamed city slums born learn electric chair boss partner guided directed crimes slums honor graduate massachusetts institute technology crowded city areas spite playgrounds recreational activities boys tended form gangs father believe gangs bad gathering play groups normal phenomenon childhood needed dead end kids turn ballplayers football players athletes citizens discussing idea president herbert hoover staunch supporter boys club movement pointed average cost care boy forty dollars forty dollars boy street give chance play direction character discipline fair chance turning citizen forty dollars pocket don give boy chance taxpayers called pay ten thousand dollars burn electric chair
plain mind sure going lecture priest going start sermon soon saw mistake conference father mention sin topic continued baseball delighted severe faced priest knew game players standing clubs batting averages agreed victory lay real teamwork houses open field father remarked field talk proprietor place part chance start prove working baseball diamond sure friend listened attentively raised warning finger team succeeding vacant lot put home plate boy screamed excitement sure rock pitcher box talking moment forgot forgot supposed criminals laying ball field start father
start boys crime wave ball team homes insisted stay beginning homeless orphans days assigned care juvenile court morning december brought court morning hustled later afternoon door home greet arrivals members staff nuns novice school sisters notre dame lent home archbishop entrance hall boys arrived looked incredulous eyes older remarked re sure gonna living swell dump swell unaccustomed eyes alas fact gleaming mansion founder weeks gather furnishings brothers sisters friends launched intensive door door campaign begging furniture result weird attic matched chairs dining room table represented half dozen ages designs furniture making broken duncan phyfe forgery basement special meager supply knives forks spoons formed rag bag junk box kitchen equipment floor chaotic jumble beds cots blankets spreads brought orderly usefulness dormitories
later word boys town graduate nebraska working negro slums st louis helps woman children watched goes hospital teaches family budget cook economically advises youngster problem handles stabbing case call father greater chance jesuit headquarters belize british honduras needed priest meant exile country rest vow poverty chastity obedience chiefly natives inland villages rounds horseback jungles thick cut machete step step learn live bushland eat food sleep huts speak language establish jungle missionary stations thatched huts served church celebrate morning mass special regional services early evening beautiful custom wrote father services night padre afterward hear confessions look place sleep family offers place hut crowded place tonight rooms padre family consisting mother father children pigs turkeys chickens hut sleep tonight
conducted fund raising campaign leadership davidson composite america boys home morris jacobs publicity advertising head agency branch offices cities henry president francis matthews supreme knight knights columbus oddly assorted group run campaign catholic priest catholic protestant jews campaign launched remembered davidson agreed main thing public interest set firecrackers city streets railroad yards buy batch signal flares started meeting night parading dark streets freight yard torches crowds follow corner songs short talks main speaker night stand tall father hundreds homeless boys omaha say poor fellows clothes ragged faces thin pale boy home think unfortunate children homes collection
gloom home father bitter defeat planned tour night stands winning public support broadway terminology admit show flopped point father mistaken failed temporarily job winning help messages friends began reach home letters fathers mothers town officials teachers towns played enclosed checks thing glad seen fine boys cowed inmates buoyant cheerful young citizens deserving help confronted friendliness father revived called norton idea traveling show told worked dared hope going try banker omaha borrowed additional capital wasn circus wagons boys train travel nearby states home starting known tour hired professional advance wide experience results tour dazed father realized story stranded circus wagons spread middle west resented bigotry finally blocked tour smiled wept show penitentiary
cases public wrote failures actuality strange magnificent triumphs extraordinary sad misfortune willie francis negro boy chief claim fame electric chair prison guards strapped willie fourteen committed holdup murder netted dollars strapped chair turned power willie twitched wretched grin lips power failed willie alive unharmed tickled chair news country lawyers posed question double jeopardy legally put death crime louisiana happened announced willie electrocuted regardless disquieting qualms scores letters father couldn find saving black boy sentence changed imprisonment appeals governor courts unsuccessful negro youth forced trip death house chair worked witnesses willie bravado walked death chamber guessing hour execution hour triumph father knew received letter willie days
plane sped manila northward tokyo general macarthur christian gentlemen father called gave free hand wished report findings recommendations fear permission father accepted literally conditions found japan later korea worse anticipated japan nation built family unit known juvenile problems tens thousands children home family orphanages established experience typical institution father found fifty small boys working factory full hour days week products turned children bicycle lamps sold profit money turned orphanages educational recreational programs attention paid religion treatment helpless discovered orphanage shacks prisons homes boys treated youngsters found solitary cells solitary cells whittier school california boys earn confinement demanded official replied boys home boys released father stormed
deem singular honor privilege appointed successor monsignor twenty enjoyed close personal friendship association administration boys town try follow footsteps founder look deal fear trepidation task lies feel help operation able staff boys town help god prayers friends ably begun father carried glorious height continue prosper meet success experience joy happiness working unfortunate boys earnestly trust pray kindhearted generous benefactors boys town continue support home remember unfortunate boys charity memory father forgotten prayers generosity talk assembly boys town citizens presented father director renewed pledge monsignor left suggest bit grateful want try happy don want unhappy
george lived africa monkey curious george saw large yellow straw hat saw george nice monkey thought home put hat ground course george curious tree look large yellow hat hat head george thought nice head picked put hat covered george head couldn picked quickly popped bag george caught big yellow hat put george boat sailor rowed water big ship george sad curious big ship things began happen took bag george sat stool george going big zoo big city run play don trouble george promised easy monkeys forget deck found sea gulls wondered fly curious finally try looked easy
overboard sailors cried threw george caught held safe board george careful monkey trip george bye kind sailors yellow hat walked ship shore city house meal pipe george felt tired crawled bed fell asleep morning telephoned zoo george watched fascinated george curious wanted telephone fun ding ling ling george telephoned fire station firemen rushed telephone hello hello answer looked signal big map showed telephone call didn george thought real fire hurry hurry hurry firemen jumped fire engines hook ladders ding ding hurry hurry hurry firemen rushed house opened door fire naughty monkey catch catch cried george tried run caught telephone wire thin fireman caught arm fat fireman caught
hurried building roof lucky monkey walked telephone wires quickly quietly guard head george walked free street prison wall stood balloon girl bought balloon brother george watched curious felt bright red balloon reached tried help balloon bunch broke loose instant wind whisked george holding tight hands sailed higher higher houses looked toy houses dolls george frightened held tight wind blew gusts quieted finally stopped blowing altogether george tired bump top traffic light surprised traffic mixed george didn heard call george looked saw friend big yellow hat george happy happy george slid post big yellow hat put arm paid balloon balloons george climbed car zoo
george lived friend yellow hat monkey curious george morning looking picture book doorbell rang mailman letter put friend desk read comes home george curious wrote bad read letter maybe write top drawer desk paper ink fountain pen george sat floor began write pen dry needed ink george fill funnel kitchen started pouring ink going pen ink spilled big blue puddle floor awful mess quickly george blotter desk help puddle grew bigger george think soap water clean kitchen shelf big box soap powder poured powder ink pulled garden hose window opened tap sprayed water powder bubbles began form lather lather lather lather
hiding shirt farmers run past home road george feel safe hiding place truck rattling road george jumped aboard monkeys jumping farmers chance truck drove part town george seen stopped front large building museum george museum curious guard busy reading paper george slipped inside walked steps room full sorts animals george scared noticed move alive stuffed animals put museum look room george saw enormous took breath dinosaur george scared knew real looked dinosaur baby dinosaur saw palm tree full nuts george liked nuts suddenly felt hungry missed lunch climb heard footsteps hide family look dinosaur paid attention monkey standing
moment george waved goodbye aboard door closed professor wiseman began count pressed button ship rose air slowly faster faster higher higher longer sky screen saw george clearly moment george bail professor wiseman flashed signal watched screen george move didn pull lever seconds late ship lost outer space george waited anxiously george began move slowly daze groping lever reach grabbed door opened hurrah george blue open parachute floating earth truck raced spot george land welcome george professor wiseman hung big golden medal neck living earth space flight medal george space monkey newspaperman took picture shouted cheered farmer son kind woman door worked hours water room
imagine nasty experience gentle parents run james troubles dead thirty seconds flat poor james hand alive found frightened vast unfriendly lovely house seaside sold immediately boy carrying small suitcase pair pajamas toothbrush live aunts names aunt sponge aunt spiker sorry say horrible selfish lazy cruel beginning started beating poor james reason called real referred disgusting beast filthy nuisance miserable creature certainly gave toys play picture books look room bare prison cell lived aunt sponge aunt spiker james queer ramshackle house top high hill south england hill high garden james look miles miles marvelous landscape woods fields clear looked direction tiny gray dot horizon house live beloved mother father
james immediately picked hands knees started searching precious treasures sinking soil actually wriggling twisting burrowed downward hard earth reached hand pick late disappeared fingers thing happened began frantically effort catch hold left quick tips fingers touch vanished earth soon space seconds single james felt crying lost lost lost forever eager push earth roots peach tree lot earthworms centipedes insects living soil meet bug insect animal tree full power magic heavens thought james going happen case meet earthworm
news peach big house suddenly appeared garden spread wildfire countryside stream scrambling steep hill gaze marvel quickly aunt sponge aunt spiker called carpenters build strong fence peach save crowd crafty women stationed front gate large bunch tickets started charging coming roll roll aunt spiker yelled shilling giant peach half price children weeks aunt sponge shouted don push don push re going hey haven paid lunchtime place seething mass women children pushing shoving glimpse miraculous fruit helicopters landing wasps hill poured swarms newspaper reporters cameramen television companies cost double bring camera aunt spiker shouted answered don care money rolling pockets greedy aunts excitement going poor james forced stay locked bedroom peeping bars window crowds disgusting brute let wander aunt spiker early morning
peach course ship food jumping cried thought dear james green grasshopper laying front leg affectionately james shoulder don clever ladies gentlemen saved certainly earthworm crazy eat ship thing keeping starve don centipede drown cried earthworm dear dear green grasshopper re worse couldn eat bit asked miss spider dreadfully hungry eat want james answered weeks weeks sort dent enormous peach surely heavens cried green grasshopper clapping hands weeks weeks course let making lot holes deck think simply scoop tunnel excellent idea ladybug looking worried earthworm centipede asked problem problem earthworm problem problem problem
cried green grasshopper didn notice downstairs moves lies sleeping easily wake spin ask miss spider spin spin patterns asked james want quickly course course strong strongest thick finger going going lift peach clear water james announced firmly re mad cried earthworm chance boy crazy joking james ladybug gently going suppose jeered centipede seagulls james answered calmly place full look looked saw mass seagulls wheeling round round sky going silk string james going loop end seagull neck going tie end stem peach pointed peach stem standing short thick mast middle deck going seagull thing
miss spider clambered deck pleased puzzled look face won believe actually damage peach untouched tiny pieces mistaken james told course mistaken centipede promise miss spider answered hundreds sharks churned water froth saw mouths opening shutting don care saw miss spider answered certainly didn damage peach start sinking centipede asked didn start sinking green grasshopper suggested frightened simply imagined point fact closer truth knew shark extremely sharp nose mouth set awkwardly underneath face makes impossible teeth vast smooth curving surface side peach creature turns nose seen small dog trying teeth enormous ball able imagine roughly sharks peach
faster faster flew seagulls skimming sky tremendous pace peach trailing cloud cloud side ghostly white moonlight times night travelers caught glimpses cloud moving tops clouds working sinister magic passed snow machine operation cloud turning handle blizzard snowflakes blowing funnel saw huge drums making thunder cloud beating furiously hammers saw frost factories wind producers places cyclones tornados manufactured spinning earth deep hollow large billowy cloud spotted cloud city caves running cloud entrances caves cloud wives crouching stoves frying pans hands frying snowballs husbands suppers hundreds cloud children frisking place shrieking laughter sliding billows cloud toboggans hour later dawn travelers heard soft whooshing noise heads glanced saw immense gray batlike creature swooping dark
yelled chief police stand jump moment earth talking green grasshopper centipede search centipede answered awful stew miss spider large black murderous looking head stranger terrifying appeared grasshopper snakes ladders yelled head fire department finished giant worse cried chief police look gruesome face kind eats fully grown breakfast head fire department asked going white sheet afraid chief police answered help miss spider called making giddy trick head fire department don move say space guns muttered chief police head fire department announced grimly million standing streets watching don put ladder chief police asked stand bottom hold steady happening thanks snapped head fire department
journey ended travelers lived rich successful country centipede vice president charge high class firm boot shoe manufacturers earthworm lovely pink skin employed company women face creams speak commercials television miss spider taught nylon thread silk set factory ropes tightrope walkers glow worm light inside torch statue liberty saved grateful city pay huge electricity bill green grasshopper member york symphony orchestra playing greatly admired ladybug haunted fear house fire children married head fire department lived happily enormous peach stone set permanently place honor central park famous monument famous monument famous house inside famous house lived famous person james henry trotter week knock door door opened asked inside famous room james met friends
mommy melody jeff read note understand explained sick nature chance children jeff wouldn big knew sad think rivers lion cage zoo dirty sidewalks streets knew couldn happy things didn cold frightened feeling lay body wet blanket started cry wrapped arms cried jeff knew shouldn cry knew stop professor father didn crying wanted things regular wanted boiled egg breakfast usual times study disturbed classes afternoons stay home study mornings supper study melody explained jeff knew kind quiet house father wanted kind melody jeff young school father took care center morning
ah brother thomas brought bottle wine insisted professor let jeff taste jeff sat quiet table working wanted behave watched eyes listened carefully conversation brother thomas eyes rested jeff didn ask questions didn volunteer professor paid close attention brother thomas jeff deduced thought interesting wanted enjoy jeff took special care dinner brother food hamburgers rolls toasted rolls buttered turned hamburgers frequently cooked thickly crusted chopped onions sliced celery add salad taste decent set wine glasses brother thomas holding glass sitting kitchen table dinner professor moved study downstairs living room filled boxes books boxes papers boxes clothes place house sit afford indulge tastes professor strike raise brother thomas suggested carry placards deliberately teach untruths sit strike jeff heard talk father easy hand brother thomas
voice soft low slow jeff nodded head glad house don say critical things breakfast table gentleman looked seriously length table lowers toilet seat added coughing gently napkin rising table jeff answer sorry approached mistakes smiled reached hand touch top head wore thin wedding band big diamond hand hand gentle bird wing jeff hair suspect taught slid hand jeff chin lifted face study handsome boy melody look yes jeff mother pride voice women looked top jeff head knew glad melody sake ready melody asked don want hometown jeff jumped seat general farewell mother front door awaited broad brimmed straw hat head streamers flowers pink took arm stepped
house wandered city sightseeing took riding buses asked morning going money needed raining wanted entertain children opening black purse don mother thinking jeff money spend month father ten dollars week bill wrapped yellow lined paper professor wrote lectures professor say sentence hope weather allowance included postcard brother thomas england jeff jeff melody lunches liked melody return living room aunts jeff walked front door didn remember heard voice saw face eyes shining hair damp curly shower asked jeff let happiness grow inside knew melody shouldn wandering angry sorry jeff told morning melody stood took front hallway say remember
shadows grew longer temperature started drop knew cross return boat couldn decision stay night couldn leave beach gradually understood miss bus difference jeff walked beach picking sand dollars lay flat bleached white mudflats conch shells pile empty paper bag folded clothes sitting edge waves discovered pastel plaid tumbled sides pools fingers dug shower fragile mollusks poured water fill pools sun sky colors reflected ocean orange pink velvet blue midnight blue black stars millions stars moon rose past full shone sad face path moon water glowed silver jeff slept beach hungry difference awoke sky color thick smoke stars faded venus morning star low eastern horizon large white shone bright narrow silver path water jeff sat watched watched light sunrise
professor bought property called sold house baltimore moved lot cabin added hallways bedrooms going opposite sides kitchen ripped bathroom entirely put cabin insulated walls finished double glass doors replaced kitchen wanted leave ceiling unfinished driveway graded covered oyster shells put short dock creek steps steep bank leading drove frequently check progress watched swarming workmen carpenters glaziers painters listened sounds saws pile driver brother thomas find humor house big piece wilderness asked jeff going school dogsled putting crops farmer greene professor answered mildly visit property jeff didn call called safe place finally settled end july living room house windows gave water woods sky knew bought skiff eleven foot wooden boat painted white half horsepower outboard motor took father exploring creek winding branches fallen trees staring backs cabins waterfront homes marshes canals ran creek water shallow raise motor pole boat knew thought
brother thomas yawned dinner night sat bright colored glasses wine tired couldn talk complete sentences sleep jeff room bed want professor don entertain brother thomas shook head sunburned white collar enjoying fatigue horace melody talking tired tonight professor smiled jeff playing softly guitar sun slid western sky creek ran marshes blue shot ripples gold hearing decree week thirty period appeal thing finished easy end machinery law brother thomas eyelids drooped lifted sipped glass held turn light asked feel jeff difference jeff mean wouldn live seventeen couldn tell brother thomas told tell want brother daughter married son starting college fall
professor nodded wouldn mind dedication melody smiled room professor eyes warm amused confident girl immortality jeffie reached table put hand jeff studied turquoise rings visit switched topics abruptly thinking wasn pleased admit max finally figured jealous jealous jeffie broke lying jeff knew bad influence contact don managed fool real soul searching winter tell neglected things thinking jeffie needs especially let family goes dying knows family think jeff shook head decision settled couldn secure horace safe civilized lovely gracious laughed stood walked window turned face frozen place
jeff asked watching professor face borrowed stocks bank wouldn full mean put deposit buy house mortgage money left stocks true small part auction pay owing stocks think house sold stocks miss opal wouldn give income live give security wouldn professor agreed jeff jeff turned attention lawyer table re declining legacy jacobs asked don mean mean ring considered mrs melville wanted lawyer asked intention receive leave didn jeff argued mine want don left didn mean don agree mine argued hours jeff wanted end invited jacobs stay dinner declined
notebook writer straight grades english black schools harder white believes lunches colored schools buys anyway english bad handwriting boot notebook book full study play position shortstop baseball wrote kinds things heard thought playing double including fourteen pages margin written fast fire taking word word special radio show phil rizzuto talked half hour straight fine points job looks rizzuto motor mouth left dust times show dots spots funny thing fine points rizzuto shortstop spin light hard figure shortstop turns pivot double plays pretty phrase straight head spun page rizzuto interview covered repetitions words spin light spin light spin light spin light bottom sentence play game beneath spin light
baggy pants elastic knee stockings heels toes green white stripes black leather shoes pink rubber cleats watched pitcher warm close base line saw nice stitched holes punched flannel beneath arm nice dry unpleasant odors develop part orange patch sewed heart label bottle weird thing studied figured big white expect drink side tall thin silhouettes dark green naked bottles gracefully bubbles streams flowed look label bottle drank kinds mysterious half stories meant magic gave favorite soda label bothered looked deal fancy watched infield knew look fielding slow rollers hit coach son baseman
sat pop shortstop taking smoothly trotting soon ball glove game horn big truck cut loose blast knocked hat cut blast realized playing line ball game driver small truck jumped quickly slung sides enclosure truck inside sort grill full hundred hot dogs hundred hamburgers crate rolls crate potato chips crinkled kind don heck complain put floppy white marshmallow hat chefs funny papers whipped huge round board thumb hole artist paints paints pots relish chili mustard catsup chow chow set held brush hand hot dog hold sling things large deal show tell drop shirt think
took idea french class took teacher white woman named madame dupont wasn french french days learned pronounce basic things pronouns rules verbs allowed speak french class talked english school talk english room special walked felt completely realized talking thought thought habits words check left lot things fixed let didn lot bad things let idea able start scratch build personality step step words talked knowing step learn english starting picking kinds trash french kinds rules rules sorts spots choice places react
standing attention row facing dozen white boys red white uniforms turned busting doors fat white butch haircut wearing white shorts red nylon jacket collar turned whistle mouth stopped dead staring hard sound doors flapped slower slower stopped boys expressions fearful coach yelling soon relieved fast smug entertained fact couple actually smiled big private grins comes coach smiled start looked peeved looked peeved interrupted peeved red observe coaching method peeved black kid corduroys white shirt began think stare floor basketball tryouts boys let fall basketball holding grinned ball bounced slowly rolled coach meeting trying think sarcastic boys helped ku klux klan boy
medical building momma asked play usual game medical building stories tall rickety wooden wrought iron elevator slow molasses starting maurice kid momma challenge race fourth floor doctor kid taking elevator momma running stairs guess took mind getting shot fun momma standing floor landing inside dark wood box strange carvings top corners close clackety iron door front momma pretend sneaking stairs head start giggle yell stop fair momma jump sneak collapse giggles sounded loud peculiar inside box put hand handle leather grip liked touch personally say ready momma crouch going blast stairs say set scowl face maybe puts foot step scream
sudden stopped dead face white mouth drooped eyes wide scary hands stopped middle clap forgotten front held caught bee stinging hands fury frozen pain let girls suddenly shut seeing dude continued nod blush trying look joke finally curious silence turned look miss shot eyes looking turned looked staring room standing chair corner slunk walls nudging elbows sure keeping touch stared room breath fast crying tears ran eyes looked hard tears mad fast flicking faces open wide white red marshmallows fire upset think control anger control mad tell watching kids throw tantrums edge forget want
place found tar half court direction town find walk poor part colored town suddenly lives anymore streets things alive wild dogs bouncing ball scares reason glad school court school kids county school burned ago black busted foundation pieces sticking ground looking rotten teeth earth knew court burnt place scary smells funny kids burned fire think ghosts hogwash court open miles moonlight clear winds pretty cold thing keeps kids railroad track train comes washington dc florida comes side court maybe twenty feet wails blows makes draft sucks shots center wait seconds
saw bobo bigger thought taller fatter bounced ball let warm dude snatched stuck face close frown studied expected cardboard cutout ball sphere genuine leather sniffed okay let thing held saw lantern beautiful official railroad issue brass plate railroad kinds tricky looking features classy okay put lantern carefully bounced ball bobo listen child pointing bobo face winning won florida eyes inside car bobo ahead warmed watched big dude shuffle aisle car grinning acting jive taking money making bets white folks taking bets crackers betting surprised realized care throwing money stalled throw florida practice
personality maybe wild moods numbers operate places fierce cool crazy things basketball moods turned pure hoops blacked basic cool concentrated control spells flavors motion ice cream sweet cold beneath chocolate maple crummy butter brickle basketball inside flash thrown spin light middle black warm motion wind trees getting colder darker winter talk words say motions shown motions repeated guess knew dark woods words words television talk talk talk television nodded arrived moved game cold unfriendly asked wanted buddy sounded pretty strange maybe bad strange
opposed opposed thinks hot number jiggle wave arms look damn silly crap lies threw ball caught fell show pure honest stuff baby let look silly tricking straight white ass place stared eyes cool smart hot cocked mouth smile showing things knew nope laughed won play picking game tear fancy jigaboo stutter crud wait whip butt jerome clean drives jumpers straight stuff reverse suppose fake thought decided legitimate ball motion reverse don pretend thing goofy head fakes wiggle knees fool
sure laugh funny jingled change looked woods okay thinking maybe move okay game scheduled looked moment liking knew move question playing ball lots silent communication duke durham big hospital college crazy months ago class teach cook hospital getting shocked guess friday evening stepfather comes home drive durham drops aunt house mother sister aunt kids play war don mitt bat house believe stay weekend sunday church let littlest kid wear favorite gun holster embarrassing anyway stepfather comes sunday evening picks late school monday morning usual
hey jeb looking puzzled dogs hey look jeb brought glove jeb turned scowled face watched color drain sudden scared understanding thing hit stomach idea jeb helped pushing face saying rough wanting fight kid stick glove ass ride nigger lover gaped stepfather slipped stool took arm firm gentle pulled holding glove stumbling gaping jeb spit sizzling whisper grill walked past follow spun jeb walked counter stopped dead turned stood looking scared going rip guts snack narrow wary holding spatula pointed jigaboo give stupid hot dog okay jeb shoot head uh told spatula loaded
sworn person game things jumping clapping digging boy played baseball looked belonged lived lying bed looking smiling slightly especially alert watching stepped room eyes lit room looked face change saw gave quick creeps maybe wrong thought maybe recognize expressions hair flat waxy shine face skinny flesh sag bones color flesh left skin eyes tight slightly darker color slept eyes looked saw deep empty room waiting filled fell front gaze struck think looked momma person bed momma sure watching boy walk room
black kindly talk grabbed jerked walked car left bus money black free pretty cool night town called momma maurice borrowed car picked upset broke pretty bad worse headache worst starting wonder likely confusing maurice child head doctor brother pulled jive drove parked park sat blew listening saying things gentle direct meaning making calm home beat tell momma guess mo talked bring things want told think things normal haven talked headaches rays found crack head missed rest school weeks nearly month classes home slept lot ed
fellows chet mixed mystery sooner later goes peaceful summer vacation frank joe chuckled knowing chet despite penchant taking things easy avoiding unnecessary risks stick peril dark haired eighteen frank blond impetuous joe younger assisted detective father fenton hardy solving baffling mysteries brothers liked tackling tough case father chet gave huge sigh leaned baggage truck weight sure eat declared brought candy peanuts hardys exchanged winks frequently needled friend appetite joe resist matter chet didn lunch forget eat thought remote possibility brought hearty laugh frank chet threw boys glance mock indignation grinned okay okay going inside candy machine chet station hardys looked opposite platform train roared powerful diesel ground halt sparks flashing wheels passengers began alight notice passengers waiting board train frank remarked moment dashed stairs platform rear train
meaning grabbed arm miss turned cashier let bill gave woman surprised refuse request handed bill amateur detective took money hardys stepped peered shoulder bill dollar suddenly expression face changed confusion concern er stuttered dropped hold arm stared floor sorry muttered mistake cashier looked completely bewildered moment whirled dashed store hardys chet rushed overwhelmed curiosity thought boys soon overtook detective joe demanded looking suspicious oscar reddened realized boys witnessed entire performance mind sharply bet smart aleck hardys mistakes helping police special confidential case statement shrugged look embarrassment assumed air importance waste precious gabbing turned rushed street boys watched bustling figure disappeared crowd wonder kind case detective working frank mused
soon reed paid boys drove bayport police headquarters chet decided microscope headquarters show chief ezra collig keen eyed robust officer friend fenton hardy sons times cooperated cases sit chief cordially boys special minds mystery leaned forward expectantly chair chief replied frank handed counterfeit bill quickly hardys explained happened voiced suspicions eluded reports receiving fake bills joe asked officer chief collig nodded chet fooled replied secret service alerted watch twenty dollar bills nearly dozen complaints instructed involved talk chet asked curiously part strategy hope trap gang lulling feeling false security boys learned chet description stocky stranger tallied police file slippery chief added sounds wears outfit bill echoed chet passer professional term pass counterfeit money chief collig explained rubbed bogus bill fingers
unusual truck fact wasn marked frank asked chum tony thought moment mike say bike move ken rides joe remarked dad glad pick clues tony hopping mad cheated mike feels sore eyes open green truck frank assured business sounds suspicious bill passed accidentally let question ken blake joe proposed brother housed sleuth boys started homeward continued speculate counterfeiting racket let help detectives tony turned street evening grew dark frank joe told mother aunt going investigating left boys chance speak father private tony report counterfeit bill green truck hunches hardy agreed purchase lumber bricks odd felt positive evidence obtained approach officials matter guess re dad frank base detective wished luck sleuthing mission boys decided trip sleuth
bike joe recalled company easily storage area mill night guard maintenance inside gatehouse joe frank slowly re theorizing case connection think dad didn tell clue found quality paper joe snapped fingers guess dad detective explain say top secret space missile frank speculated retained dad chain sabotage acts plants handling similar jobs government sounds logical joe agreed guess dad main assignment ward sabotage wonder anxious find warnings chet arrived queen leaped job announced frank joe looked bit sheepish er cafeteria serving food counter cafeteria run concession basis working carefully screened plant employees joe grinned scientific think food able eat want chet sighed respond usual humorous worried expression spread face shifted foot
boys noticed driver wore cap pulled low sat slouched wheel truck connected frank tersely hardys uncomfortably wet decided stay find hailed walked gate truck belong frank asked guard answered asked joe shook head regretfully sorry boys afraid allowed give information excuse turned gatehouse fellows chet urged hang wet clothes hardys determined stay question ken blake coming soon joe frank dry beach cave won hot sun chet sighed okay supposed wait watch ken frank chuckled re mind reader chet took post edge woods hardys hurried river edge spread slacks shirts sun warmed rocks short clothing dry put say maybe investigate tunnel chet calls joe suggested eagerly frank started cave later chet running woods
familiar voice answered gatehouse speaking joe tersely peters speaking wrong meet parker building snappy hung joe returned queen frank turned ready sped mill ten minutes jalopy parked sight shadows trees dirt road joined paved brothers keeping sight trees ran join chet tony waiting large oak edge gatehouse grounds worked tony reported excitedly fifteen minutes ago lights mill docker left hurry foot joe asked yes bus cab town give frank tony chet instructions keeping watch hardys inspected mill brothers explained queen parked case trouble arise friends help frank joe approached mill cautiously dark flashlights confident gatehouse deserted wish chances neared building hardys shutters tightly closed sound wind trees rumble turning mill wheel hardys headed door
feds scram trace fear voice let moving fast docker barked re stuff look starting cellar strode kitchen frank grabbed joe choice secret room quickly brothers ran workshop frank pulled door slid heavy bolt place tensely brothers pressed door downstairs basement frank joe hear moving searching signs intruder check rest mill docker brusquely plates tunnel meet end wait pay re fix joe breath tunnel talking frank wondered boys heard hum motor opened secret door bolt held shut mechanism won rasped maybe stuck peters began pounding wood going docker demanded returned budge tricky door dreamed peters complained wrong door blockheads docker shouted room break door half minute order sharp blows
stood sullen silence boys learned ken called chief minutes fenton hardy left police launch pursuit paul reached mill met crook running woods chief collig gestured handcuffed peters recognized chet description found phony money told hoping lighter sentence rat docker face contorted rage moment group aware police launch churning beam searchlight sweeping water excitement heard sound engine dad cried hardys spotting detective erect figure standing bow soon launch beached hardy officers leaped ashore hardy sternly saw won escaping captured lawbreakers handcuffed put aboard launch hardy looked sons friends proudly yeoman job cases mine police cruiser departed frank joe led father mill cellar showed secret room evidence need chief hardy plenty fingerprints equipment match finger guard evidence boys ken testimony convict
feelings knowing feelings feelings knowing feelings important help understand help important feelings things happy things sad angry afraid feelings important important part look picture page tell children feel tell feel look picture page child feel tell feel important understand feelings feelings change times feel happy times thing feel sad angry feelings feelings important look pictures page boy feel picture look girls page tell feelings change tell times sun happy ways show feelings show say show face smile frown tears show re afraid angry sad knowing show feelings part healthy look picture page
getting easy think treat treat share thoughtful listen say try understand feel getting help feel help feel look pictures page thoughtful person thoughtful thoughtful help look picture page tell boy helped help family members care watch help love listen share part family person family special special feel look pictures family members love family members show care tell family members special kinds jobs home ways family members share family members family look pictures tell family members working family member helping job important family health act family jobs tell important
color blind don colors color blind difference green red color blind stop seeing colors differently colors important safety trace foot classmate trade tracings tell foot stand wall put tape show tall write date month months grown put toy bag trade bags friend close eyes reach bag guess sense senses smell touch help safe smoke mean danger learn smells mean danger smell watch things hot cold senses help safe keeping safe helps grow look picture page girl sense touch tell senses smell touch help growing look picture page parts body help senses smell touch takes energy grow health habits help energy need exercise eat healthful meals rest sleep growing help body energy growing
ago rags clean teeth put chalk rag rubbed teeth named william addis idea holes end meat bone put bristles holes toothbrush born toothbrush clean teeth rag bathroom things look teeth mirror primary teeth lost permanent teeth coming show floss teeth ask help need tell flossing help teeth teeth fit tooth decay permanent teeth growing gums healthy dentists find answers questions help teeth healthy look pictures page dentists look picture page girl learning ways dentist help help teeth chipped broken help protect wait turn water fountains pencils mouth follow safety rules need teeth help eat help talk help look feel
germs live inside cough sneeze germs inside spread air germs spread mouth glass spread food cover mouth sneeze cough don share drinks glass part help germs spreading look picture page girl helping spread germs look pictures page girls sharing food helping stop spread germs times feel part body hurt nose stuffed ways body tells wrong feel tell teacher school nurse tell grown family look pictures boy feeling tell thing help need help cold germs spreading stay home cold throw tissues plenty rest sleep drink lot water juices getting cold germs spreading look pictures page girl helping care cold helping stay look picture page
share drink friend share drink healthful tell sharing healthful watch sharing drink helping spread germs helping germs spreading list tell ways care cold things learn body heart pumps blood lungs help breathe sure heart lungs healthy doctor listen learn parts body regular check ups look pictures doctor happen check regular check ups body need special care cut scrape hurt muscle bone doctors nurses tell listen say follow advice ask grown family help advice important help healthy look picture page giving advice look picture page girl advice tell tell give advice tell important follow advice david book elephants david likes elephants wants read book problem words fuzzy
play sleep eat special place treat treat special care help quiet clean safe help healthful place live help care environment share environment help care help stay clean healthful look pictures helping care environment tell ways help tell helping important coal oil natural resources energy energy electricity electricity ways electricity turn light coal oil earth help save natural resources help save energy waste electricity look pictures things electricity girl help save energy look picture page tell ways help save energy trees water important natural resources wood trees kinds paper paper water need water live stay healthy
shoebox hold things shoes true things throw look ask ways help save natural resources part fun look things page tell thing look pictures page boy pencil holder things tell tell things help save natural resources jean kind artist paint brushes makes art junk things throw puts ways turns art art think art junk throw rooms home find things paper list things tell help save paper watch helping save natural resources help find things home anymore ask bring school piece art pollution harms environment noise kind pollution noise loud harmful try stay loud machines
litter kind pollution makes outdoors dirty makes outdoors ugly litter harmful don litter throw trash trash clean picnics clean playing feels clean outdoors feels part look pictures children helping care outdoors tell ways help feel proud home neat clean part help care things help looking nice put things belong help family home part environment help care look pictures helping care homes tell ways help tell helping ways important jason books big strong box looked box couldn decide help jason box tell ideas help save natural resources things noise protect ears noise pollution ask grown family empty box box help home neat clean list things list water natural resource
families help healthy friends help healthy act affect feel act affect feel learn ways act help think home members family home family family help members healthy family help feel called caring families care providing food place live show caring ways tricia practicing part school play family helping brother jeff holding paper words tricia say tricia forgets word jeff tells tricia word forgot tricia grandfather calls actress mother says tricia smiles family helped feel showing care asks grandmother guess questions grandmother hard answer tries answer question anyway grandmother loves grandmother placemat big hug found show grandmother loves
paul wendy brother matter asks sister looks sad wendy asked kite race park race kite paul tells wendy kite things sharing sharing chance things sharing feel want share things feel things special brothers sisters tell things shared wendy returned kite paul broken wendy felt terrible paul angry ran room wendy room paul fixed kite paul talked accident felt bad happened hours forgot accident talking helped passing tony bill playing tony tickled bill bill laughed asked tony stop tony tickling bill bill gave tony hard push boys fighting later sure fight started tony teasing bill teasing bother teasing making fun teasing feel bad try show understanding show understanding means try feeling
family friends think spend week minute actions things important actions feel bad act ask act makes feel answers questions help act spend lot school getting important johnny listens talking class knows wants listen marie sees hard lunchroom thanks food finished eating marie throws garbage marie actions show thinking feelings frank special friends frank school sling arm hurt knew want help frank helped frank pencil books desk turned water fountain frank recess helped frank ways put frank place mickey took book school library
older begin things care choices healthy happy safe hands face hair teeth rest body clean things healthy wearing clothing helps healthy comfortable giving rest sleep helps feel healthy taking care help stay healthy look covered skin head toes skin helps ill skin needs special care hair clothes need care morning evening terry washes face warm water mild soap makes sure wash part face carefully rinses dries face won chapped chapped skin feels rough sore terry washes face removing oil skin skin layers cells layer touch epidermis cells top layer dying cells dermis bottom layer replacing cells died inside skin million sweat glands glands tiny tubes carry sweat body sweat salty liquid waste skin oil glands
end daniel clothes picked lot dirt sweat soaked clothing sweat clothing smell bad daniel feet sweat closed dark place makes sure wears clean clothes clean socks skin job protecting small cut scrape skin skin open dirt germs body small skin breaks sting throb marlene playing tag fell knee hurt saw scraped skin gotten dirt scrape marlene home parents taught washed knee warm water soap clean dirt dried knee put bandage later showed scrape mother hurt show hurt place adult small scrape scratch help show problem adult sore place skin jerry wearing gym shoes socks shoes rubbing heels heels began feel sore jerry gotten painful blisters heels break blisters opening germs enter
plaque cavities tooth decay harm gums dr wang cleaned lea teeth red dye dr wang checked lea mouth sign tooth decay found signs trouble cavities eat foods sugar germs plaque acids acids chemicals sour taste eat healthful foods avoid foods lot sugar strong break tooth enamel acid hole enamel hole tooth enamel called cavity cavity fixed bigger deeper hole form layer tooth dentin cavity worse inside part tooth pulp begin decay cavity kill tooth need strong set teeth chew food teeth help give shape face healthy teeth gums part health ways remove food plaque teeth brush brushing meal try rinse mouth meal brush chance toothpastes chemical called fluoride fluoride helps protect teeth tooth decay dentist tells
body kinds ways run climb jump stretch body body swim dance ride bicycle active fun makes feel important health active makes body stronger enjoy activities ways active need try ways find activities alan worked played hard today morning helped wexler carry gerbil cages downstairs pet fair gym alan ran obstacle course rope climbing school alan played softball friends alan body ways today gotten lot exercise exercise activity makes body hard exercise parts body move regular exercise ways healthy body ways feel touch arm feel skin skin tissues body tissues groups kinds cells squeeze arm feel muscles muscles groups tissues help body move exercise form movement muscles attached bones parts body
family active sonia runs climbs jumps stretches mrs jog early morning family enjoys exercising mrs drive exercise felt tired walked blocks feel stronger healthier jog morning bodies relaxed energy exercising helps feel wide awake body workout brain oxygen jumping rope exciting sport million students part jump rope heart event teams learn jump rope correctly learn importance exercising regularly students kindergarten college join ask give penny dime minute team jumps event students give money american heart association special teams show fancy tricks jump rope heart teams interest healthful sport regular exercise body grow stronger heart stronger able pump blood beats lungs stronger able hold air breath regular exercise help muscles ways help muscles stronger
exercise inside space running outdoors allowed noise alvin lives small house play yard sidewalk front house busy play dotty lives apartment house city play busy streets dotty meets friends nearby playground active safe exercise play indoors bert shoots baskets sister throw foam rubber ball plastic basket hangs bert door carol loves turn radio put record dance music indoors place dancing dancing enjoyable exercise exercises indoors calisthenics sets exercises regularly calisthenics equipment minutes calisthenics stretching exercises stretching helps body ready exercises finish calisthenics need cooling exercises help body cool slowly stretching cooling exercises exercise handbook book begins page walking fast exercise stretching important exercising
food rest exercise important keeping healthy eating healthful foods help cells stronger getting plenty exercise helps rest sleep cells energy need fight harmful germs important protect body dressing properly body cold cells weak protect harmful germs help body dressing warmly cold weather rainy snowy wear clothing dry warm chilled body cold hot weather wear cool light clothing hot body overheated needs cool keeping clean rid germs especially important wash hands eating toilet avoid germs stay bad colds communicable illnesses let adult don feel important treat illness help illness lasting treating help getting worse help protect getting illness help dress warmly cold weather things try avoid illness
drug change body works drugs help sick comfortable drugs things drink drugs found tobacco drugs harmful important drugs body health won surprised learn drugs found drugstores found supermarkets restaurants kinds drugs found homes brad mother gave red liquid tasted cherries wasn food cough syrup cough syrup drugs drug food change body drugs help fight illnesses drugs medicines medicines fight symptoms illnesses cough syrup brad took medicine drug cough syrup helped stop brad cough medicines forms liquids injected body put skin skin cream medicines pills liquid swallow drinks drugs cocoa cola coffee tea wine beer liquor drugs drugs don fight illnesses strong effects body drugs helpful harmful drug lot help harm person
medicine comes directions information information label part package important read information carefully counter labels tell drugs medicines tell medicine otc labels tell medicine drugs medicines unneeded body known side effects cold pill clear stuffy nose sleepy labels packages warn side effects drug joel baby sister rash mother put special cream rash baby reached tube cream joel mother moved tube baby reach knew baby ill swallowed cream small children mistake pills candy kind mistake dangerous medicines bottles child proof caps children easily important ways careful thinking medicines medicine direction parent doctor lewis family finishing breakfast mrs lewis drinking coffee lewis drinking tea milk breakfast today drinking cup cocoa coffee tea cocoa drug drug called caffeine
communities share important things things harm health community communities ways help safe healthy help community safe healthy communities laws help air water clean put wastes lakes rivers laws smoke harmful fumes air communities smoking tobacco places allowed seen smoking signs elevators restaurants dropping trash ground called littering camilla walking street finished small bag nuts looks trash basket finds drops bag camilla knows trash sidewalk makes community look ugly harry walking dog blackie makes sure blackie dirty street dog cat wastes harmful germs communities strict laws wastes say pet owners clean animals noise unhealthy disturb rest loud noise hearts beat faster hearing loss car horns noise machines radios loud noises called noise pollution communities laws noise pollution communities health rules public places penny goes public pool
special part health book exercise shows exercises fun easy exercises help feel look help lose weight help heart lungs help relax exercise handbook divided parts stretching individual exercise group exercise cooling exercise minutes exercising help healthy begin exercise program sure check doctor exercises safe doctor decide exercises exercise begin stretching muscles body stretching muscles helps hurt exercise hard stretching exercises playing game sport exercises stretches group muscles exercises stretch stretch groups muscles stand legs slightly arms sides gently roll head circle shown picture roll head forward try touch chest chin repeat step roll head opposite direction repeat steps order times
playing active game friends exercise fun active game friends fun playing remember stretch start playing active game running game exercise heart lungs play game need playing area base lines feet meters meters object game turn sea sponges choose sea monsters sea monsters stand middle playing area shown picture players standing base lines sharks begin sea monsters call swim shark swim sharks base line try run base line getting tagged shark tagged sea monster shark turns sea sponge sea sponge stand caught sea sponges move arms feet sea monsters return middle face sharks base line sea monsters call swim shark swim remaining sharks try run base line tagged running sharks tagged sea sponges
society needs kind mechanism making decisions resources mechanisms imagine continuum running left figure continuum visualize number mechanisms making resource allocation decisions extreme left end continuum picture compulsory mechanism making decisions total dictatorship extreme end continuum rests mechanism allocating society resources private market private economic market transactions buyers sellers engage voluntarily transactions course face face manner involve barter impersonal transactions basis price transactions decisions produce produced receive resulting goods services transactions trees turned textbooks toothpicks workers increasingly unionized legal advice goes afford ways society resource allocation decisions private market country private market preferred mechanism making resource allocation decisions cultural preference private market mechanism largely matter tradition based belief private market works efficiently americans believe private market capable economic efficiency allocate resources reduces waste increases human welfare island despair crusoe planted corn needed rotting rat infested waste
philadelphia later later known founding fathers subsequently sexist simply founders surely founding delegates constitutional convention knowing problems faced solutions find try dubious success fearful failure convention began delegates slowly straggled energetic james madison delegate arrive madison ten days george washington reached philadelphia sunday washington arrival greeted enormous enthusiasm thunder artillery bells flash sabers city light horse heady buoyant high hopes beginning euphoria trickled wait latecomers delegates postponed deliberations monday delegates virginia joined pennsylvania lived sight house convention meet mood turned sour boredom irritation concern replaced initial rush enthusiasm accompanied washington arrival delegates waited nation problems avoided main problem consistently liberty revolution problem winning liberty revolution problem protecting liberty threatened abroad home founders knew foreign threat articles confederation nation suffered continuing humiliation foreign domination founders sensed domestic threats liberty articles confederation rights states trampled unchecked powers legislatures
founders successful problem solvers remarkable political skills skills essential problems intrinsically political involving competing visions proper role central government proper balance personal liberty social order alternative solutions problems inevitably favored interests interests large small states manufacturers farmers tried founders politics problem solving smart try founders impressive political skills revealed ways founders politically skilled turning events advantage revolution americans sense common national identity jack shows recent study beginnings american politics national political consciousness emerge response external events early american leaders saw scenario unfold misguided british policies continued press nation american leader john wrote thomas jefferson britain determined pursue ruinous line conduct guided tho late step britain takes prevent increase commerce eventually advantage driving manufactures convincing absolute necessity vesting congress full power regulate commerce external internal strategic situation clear wait strike iron hot founders political foresight sense timing founders foresaw course events likely result anticipating american political reaction founders honed arguments prepared strike
civil liberties include punishment rights protections arbitrary loss liberty property rights protect alleged convicted criminals governmental actions lead financial penalty imprisonment execution government freedoms course punishment rights procedures procedures describe later due process law protect arbitrary loss punishment rights enjoy constitutional protection sixth seventh eighth amendments provide number specific protections arbitrary governmental persecution deprivation trial informed charge brought trial timely manner assisted counsel confront accusers sources information dr attorney insisted tried offense forced testify trial jury found guilty suffer cruel unusual punishment general primarily series landmark supreme court cases rights suspected accused crime increasingly protected fuller discussion due process landmark cases appears vantage point due process americans hold civil liberties dearly suspect punishment rights hard police fight crime hurt society general easily perceive threats civil liberties
linda brown parents thought pupils public schools topeka kansas segregated race linda brown daughter thought pupils public schools topeka kansas segregated race linda brown naturally assumed going school friends wanted school mona guinevere played linda recalled later neighborhood school white unlike friends linda black definitely going school topeka early linda father group black parents filed class action suit board education topeka public school system protesting policy pupils race course think illegal topeka school board united states supreme court ruling plessy ferguson held states provide separate facilities whites blacks facilities equal linda parents felt differently pressed suit federal district court lost began process eventually bring question constitutionality practice racial segregation united states supreme court court ruled differently agreeing argument advanced kenneth clark psychologists racial segregation harmful black children separate similar age qualifications solely race generates feeling inferiority status community affect hearts minds unlikely undone court concluded decision brown board education topeka kansas
characterize american political culture don think characterize americans single political culture view call establishment home large organizations views issues trade unions political parties religious orders executive branch organizations supposed help integrate society reconciling diverging viewpoints divided weaker true source integration compromise society view hierarchy division authority positions worthy proper spheres separate parts sacrifice common society farce hierarchy weaker today place market oriented regulatory culture reject want authority authority want substitute bilateral bargaining agreements consenting adults think categories market orientation orientation traditional orientation emphasizes ascriptive norms social rules behavior based things birth deference culture egalitarian sectarian opposed hierarchies re opposed inequalities market oriented egalitarianism want diminish distinctions whites blacks women parents children young conflict dislike distrust divisions authority want group decisions arrived coercion virtually unanimous consent
process permanent campaigning repetitious continuing emphasizes quick reaction quiet reflection campaign consultant karl acknowledged trend instant response politics getting microwave society increased polls reflection term trend greater direct representation run permanent campaign policy makers advisers efforts extensive half reagan administration pollster richard conducted surveys estimated national issues evaluating polls survey research findings candidates policy makers try determine public perceives policies president reagan term pollsters discovered called gender gap greater popularity women largely due recession especially hard impact women single heads households president advisers reasoned expected economy wipe gap decided target appeals women campaign consultants deciding negative messages opponent positive messages character policies candidate effectively alter public opinion classic case negative campaigning race kentucky senate mitch mcconnell republican challenger implied walter democratic incumbent spent road giving speeches fees congress attending needs constituents mcconnell television ads showed detective aided bloodhounds failing find opponent
members policy organizations regularly interact making implementation specific public policies recruited replaced paths recruitment members select rise home institution positions prominence potential leverage actively sought created membership voluntary members select policy organization endure viable policy maker policy organization refilling ranks managed policy organization anticipates attrition attentive need developing regular infusion talent pupil proficiency organization providing helpful technical advice local school administrators teachers trying increase levels proficiency cultivated potential members shared organizations goal policy organizations accommodate diverse potentially conflicting conceptions organizational goals members conclude organization evolve ways believe desirable expect policy organizations shedding members happens coalition big diverse william baker hypothesizes disintegration democratic party andrew jackson similar case apparent breakup democratic party deal coalition members classified origins functions members policy organizations origins
early spring birmingham alabama astounding astounding conditions blacks bad barriers change large chances overcoming small reverend martin luther king jr believed birmingham segregated city south jim crow signs windows local merchants clear blacks eat drink shop menial jobs birmingham reverend king special significance desegregate desegregate south reverend king believed nonviolent forms protest forced nation confront reality evil segregation cautioned ripe nation ready notably president john kennedy brother robert attorney general urged delay reverend king followers marched persisted face snarling dogs continued violation court order violation court order led arrest friday april twelfth incarceration birmingham city jail reaction reverend king arrest threatened stall civil rights movement southern whites hoped peaceful change king strategy confrontation counterproductive view expressed prominent clergymen letter published local newspaper letter calling continued demonstrations unwise untimely raised doubts especially moderate white community letter unanswered offered comfort preferred inaction continued protest regain initiative king jail writing margins newspapers scraps paper black trustee drafted response
president presidency governmental institution includes vice president line succession white house staff staff persons part executive office president past presidents president spouse president united states fact facilitates memorization research limiting confidence generalizations presidency vice presidents harder remember spite fact thirteen forty president things say office vice president succession presidency determined twenty amendment constitution succession act vice president assumes presidency president death resignation amendment requires president nominate vice president takes office confirmed majority houses congress vice president act specifies line succession speaker house representatives president senate beginning secretary cabinet officers formal sense presidency includes part executive office president subdivisions table executive office president huge bureaucracy small part executive branch chapter bureaucracy executive office staff white house office important proximity power white house staff large president carter reagan reduced
assessment reagan presidency disagreement nelson calls substantive leadership exactly opinion reagan pronounced degree difficult recognize president reagan behave nelson image conjure mind mean abandon reason public give lifelong views proper public policy say compromise basis policies president idea terrific policy let money view leave system allow normal process bargaining result going higher level taxing spending office determined act walter mondale nelson prescription person believes strong defense strong economy bolster defense view requires public sector leave private sector president recognize addicted preemptive surrender holding puts table lost author note need refresh memory table review nelson comments impact gramm budget process let respond bit political system terribly geared realizing lifelong wishes presidents refuse discuss public policy members congress
interview published increase sales book later write david stockman president reagan director office management budget omb gave views federal budget making process overview formal stages budget process figure later left government extremely lucrative position investment banker wall street firm salomon brothers stockman elaborated views budget process early assuming post david stockman sharpened ax put budget included billion cuts including reductions minimum social security benefits medicaid food stamps federal aid education federal job training programs federal subsidies business engaged international trade milk price supports defense spending resulting budget president reagan sailed congress passage assured combination ronald reagan personal popularity david stockman apparent expertise late director omb david stockman confessed expertise appeared commenting previous estimates anticipated expenditures revenues eventually determined size federal deficit stockman confessed understands going numbers phrase stood text interview picked news media resulted reprimand president reagan stockman celebrated trip woodshed director omb david stockman cynical budget process pessimistic future country stockman concluded reagan revolution hoped roll welfare failed
chapter showed federal bureaucracy inefficient place full competing values advocates inefficient vague laws implemented large diverse country trusts bureaucracy give authority staff carry mission characteristics federal bureaucracy mean highly susceptible special alliances key congressional selected interest groups immune presidential leadership lacking authority endowed dubious legitimacy federal bureaucracy relies expertise support clout alliances struck parts congress concerned agency mission special interest groups likely affected agency actions department agriculture maintains close working relationships senate agriculture nutrition forestry committee especially chair subcommittee agricultural production marketing stabilization house agriculture committee especially chair subcommittee tobacco peanuts representatives tobacco industry alliances referred iron triangles chapter help parts federal bureaucracy immune presidential influence federal bureaucracy immune presidential leadership president limited capacity bureaucracy public policy responsive popular preferences coming president twenty promised reorganize federal bureaucracy president soon abandoned attempt difficult took president energy political influence politically unrewarding federal bureaucracy relative presidential pressure mixed blessing
unlikely place international confrontation especially countries supposed allies confrontation threatened united states worldwide naval strategy surface zealand affect strategic interests united states closer nearest neighbor australia france soviet union zealand americans pleasant stopover expedition seeking south pole american warship making port call zealanders citizens nations resented actions wounded pride endangered national security resented france south pacific tests nuclear weapons presence american nuclear weapons inside borders zealand committed maintaining status nuclear free country free nuclear weapons nuclear energy hopefully nuclear fallout beneath surface inevitable zealand ban harbors nuclear armed nuclear powered american warships july labor party led david lange ran nuclear free platform won majority seats zealand parliament delivering campaign promises prime minister lange promptly issued executive order banned nuclear armed nuclear powered ships zealand waters ban started quick diplomatic war zealand united states immediately prime minister lange issued ban united states announced intention destroyers uss stop zealand prime minister lange countered permitted entry united states assured ship carrying nuclear weapons
saw revival faith principles laissez faire economics chapter principles held free market unregulated government accelerate economic progress enhance social welfare principles especially articulated popular president ronald reagan nobel laureate economist milton friedman government meant economic progress principles laissez faire economics strong appeal home modest appeal abroad home principles justify attacks welfare abroad principles explain successes economics taiwan south korea hong kong singapore addition principles laissez faire economics held alternative tangible forms foreign aid addressing annual meeting bank international monetary fund president reagan encouraged representatives nations believe magic marketplace message repeated later united nations report called donor nations contribute additional billion famine debt stricken african nations subsequent remarks released white house president reagan suggested free market economic strategies bring broad based equitable development based social justice reliance proven skills african renewed american commitment laissez faire capitalism carried seeds free market quickly appeared harsh place free choose fail failure pure capitalistic theory functional flushed economic system products unwanted producers inefficient
week june president jimmy carter traveled important asian nations meeting president south korea attending international economic summit meeting tokyo abroad received memorandum top domestic affairs advisers stuart memo read part left japan domestic energy problem continued worsen gas lines growing northeast spreading mid east sporadic violence gasoline continues occur recent incident pennsylvania injured gasoline station operators threatening nationwide strike department energy grants emergency profit margin increase congress growing nervous energy problem yesterday maryland sued gasoline states expected shortly follow politically popular route need detail political damage suffering seventeen months later november republican presidential candidate ronald reagan defeat president carter quest reelection campaign governor reagan critical carter administration handled energy problem especially condemning department energy issues election certainly nation energy problem major summer carter administration office grappling energy issue memo continued sound alarm boss wrote happened half administration added water ship surely conjured image sinking presidential administration
finally seventeen weeks drafting committee headed gouverneur morris brought finished product thirty delegates debate affixed signatures document represented bundle compromises complex network checks balances built structure government hand federal legislature houses independent hand house veto acts hand lower house house representatives initiate appropriation bills hand senate amend bills hand members house representatives elected directly voters senators chosen legislatures serve terms election selection process later changed seventeenth amendment direct election citizens hand independent federal court system judges serving hand president senate power choose judges addition congress authority set detailed lower federal court system hand president veto bills passed congress hand congress override veto thirds vote houses hand president negotiate treaties foreign countries treaties approved thirds senate house representatives power impeach president senate power try president impeachment charges
say principle federalism adopted constitution mean framers established government recognized distinct levels units official authority national government governments derive authority united states constitution destroyed beholden existence words federal federalism interchangeably say federal system meaning levels constitutionally based authority speak federal government refer national government fact federal government consists authorities washington states governors legislators officials america federal system government important distinction federal system confederation governmental units confederation levels states basically hold power national government national government confederacy largely creature states derives power states obviously means national government confederation weak united states form government course articles confederation recall precisely weakness led philadelphia convention federal system levels government direct relationship citizens confederation national government able operate directly reach citizens states important matters levying taxes recruiting army confederation leans heavily direction states unitary system referred chapter structured opposite direction
prominent institution political socialization school formal educational system influence focused specific influence especially elementary secondary levels generally aimed developing characteristics support political system school sense citizen vote pay taxes obey laws attend pta meetings contribute worthwhile charitable defend country enemies emphasis supporting parties candidates case family setting upholding tenets political system depending locale function performed overtly strongly patriotic assembly programs simply performed decisions textbooks purchase teachers hire courses offer speakers invite school places visit field trips hear conflicts arising schools result controversial political issues homosexual teacher hired retained pledge allegiance flag required penalties inflicted refuses stand playing national anthem sex education taught schools issues fraught politics turn school community political battleground seldom debates confined school parents interest groups press students teachers administrators involved schools teachers students opportunity offered incidents turn issue discussions civil liberties academic freedom
growth influence lobbying industry demonstrated major interest groups representing diverse positions ideological spectrum founded decade extensive complex public interest groups began mainly leadership ralph nader business formed ralph nader forefront burgeoning consumer protection movement prominence criticizing lack auto safety book unsafe speed main organization public citizen tax exempt group supported largely contributions amounted approximately million complex nader network known nader raiders composed subsidiary groups focus issues tax reform health energy congressional activities figure groups essentially lobbyists consumer interests ordinary citizens heeled professional trade associations represent nader raiders won victories courts regulatory agencies health group instance succeeded banning carcinogenic red dye public interest groups part liberal orientation supporting conservation environmental protection equal rights amendment gun control abortion generally believe big business vital part american society needs closely monitored government public interest groups consumer advocate lobby helped pass legislation truth lending fair credit reporting acts regulations resulting recall hundreds thousands defective automobiles
observers suggest political system process parties function getting office parties pull getting office successfully performing voter expectations maintaining voter confidence support entirely matter look system process starting historical account party growth party system today means contemplated founding nation fact principal founders safe say virtually suspicious parties perform george washington alexander hamilton james madison thomas jefferson influential public figures cared kind structured party system begin seen england european continent intimately involved governmental policymaking led establishment party system grew hamilton views economic policy role national government session congress members acted voted individually discernible attachment groups alliances case country american public politics remained gamble individual endeavor shifting factions family cliques york virtually duplicated patterns whig england intermittent caucuses england social elites ruling fifty families maryland exclusive south alexander hamilton developed set proposals involving economic growth
country approximately million understandable ways citizens participate government participate attitudes beliefs values bring participation determined large part citizens politically socialized political ideas opinions substantially influenced factors family education economic status peer groups media play crucial role providing information political system generally education higher economic status participate lower status counterparts citizens participate joining interest groups organizations growing phenomenon american society speak concerns members functional necessarily geographical terms sense interest groups fill gaps found representational system organized states subdivisions pressure groups bargain behalf members interests seek maximize influence facets government related policymaking areas group concern group tactics determined large measure resources money size prestige groups resources power frequently rely quieter forms pressure lobbying groups find resort overt forms pressure protest gain attention access decision makers public overt protest leading violence perennial part american political scene side side forms interest group participation constant process formal elections constitute central part democratic society political parties play integral role mobilizing electorate participate elections
constitution sets general specific presidential duties powers seen looking questions half hour press conference president reason chooses rise early prepare full briefcase home night asked broad range issues foreign affairs middle east child atlanta economic matters budget tax problems draft registration demands knowledge perform duties casually formal requirements office president united states top politician country fails role roles difference president enters office accompanied expectations elected note observation labor law case study jimmy carter democrat taking union leaders felt rely gratitude political support election campaign avowed populism recall case study labor union lobbyists disenchanted role white house white house effort inadequate inept criticism haunted administration president carter tenure fact spotty performance congress follow lead key issues regarded problems caused americans disenchanted president carter leadership vote office president ronald reagan office week supporters began sound notes alarm disappointment
vice president hubert humphrey speaking audience importance job vice president jokingly remarked surely remember memorable vice presidents daniel tompkins george dallas hannibal americans generally remember vice presidents forty served office memorable intent constitutional framers devised system person receiving highest number votes president vice president system prevailed passage twelfth amendment amendment established separate ballot vice presidency president vice president began running team party ticket nominated office vice president political reasons qualifications potential president slated balance ticket geographically ideologically offset presidential nominee age young vice presidents remembered history largely president distinguished careers vice president ten held office thirty familiar john adams thomas jefferson theodore roosevelt harry truman richard nixon lyndon johnson hubert humphrey spiro agnew gerald ford nelson rockefeller ten subsequently president humphrey agnew rockefeller distinguished reasons difficult distinguished career vice president works
prima donnas prima house top leader speaker house position designated constitution party job vote floor party lines majority party wins minority party nominee house minority leader speaker presides house sessions appoints members special temporary committees recognizes persons wish speak rules parliamentary questions refers bills committees chooses chairperson members house rules committee speaker considered slightly powerful president united states assignments committees chose tight control flow congressional business speaker joseph cannon reigned abused power provoked revolt house members order reduce power speaker committee committee memberships chosen basis seniority leadership positions longest service committees impartial selecting leaders faults later helped curtail arbitrary autocratic power speaker speaker remained powerful figure position simply honorary holder figurehead parties similar house leadership structure designated leader whips assist leader committee coordinate broad policy positions goals
part senate ethics code senate prohibited senators hiring firing basis race sex age prohibited discriminatory employment practices house similar rule senate ethics committee charged enforcing rule specific procedures developed senator patrick leahy vermont introduced legislation congress comply civil rights act equal pay act apply chambers congress observers felt prospects passage slim fact vote staffers exercise considerable influence congress frequently main sources information employers draft legislation elicit information bureaucracy help constituents provide minute advice uninformed legislator vote measure pending floor committee staffers elected representatives note observation norman dicks served senator warren elected congress asked felt elected congress told thought give power voluntarily power extends point conceiving implementing plans select committee deal president energy program twenty staff aide speaker tip power means drafting senate reorganization plan area complex military defense staff member influential developing technical expertise
american society proposition goes government laws means rule base actions rules regulations peculiar whims personal preferences strong aspect american political culture book seen maxim modified practice strictly true american politicians american judges adhere body laws fully understand oldest form law applied judge common law body law derived decisions early england cases heard circuit riding judges based established principles justice finds law reading interpreting opinions judges legal cases extending hundreds judicial decisions involving contract disputes based common law type law applied courts statutory law law based statutes passed legislatures courts facts case decide basis relevant statute says statute broad vague frequently case court interpret meaning facts case dictate legislative enactment origin statutory law statute governing unfair labor practices national labor relations act statute lays groundwork legal action courts decide facts constitute unfair practices criminal law form statutory law
western lands uninhabited called indian tribes living centuries finally proved match american settlers american cavalry intent expanding dominion pacific ocean series wars treaties frequently broken honored obstacles remaining consolidation continental united states natural elements americans internal political struggles issues slavery states rights early part american history characterized period isolationism isolation sought effort eliminate european influence western hemisphere american hegemony established continent part nineteenth century united states largely free interference european nations sure efforts england france spain advantage american civil war moving western hemisphere spain invaded santo domingo france napoleon iii invaded mexico england supported southern states war supplied loans arms confederacy victory america union forces civil war france forced withdraw mexico spain failed santo domingo turned peru successfully rebuked united states permitted develop nagging international entanglements countries faced monroe doctrine sufficiently respected americans adopt policy peace distance oceans served natural barriers canada north mexico south threats american security neighbors friendly militarily economically powerful
body composed military leaders army navy air force marines joint chiefs nominated president confirmed senate terms peacetime term responsibility sure country military capacity defend times tend trustful diplomatic process negotiation apt support policy peace power job country ready fight wars form protect country interests concerned things strike capability ability launch attack sufficient military damage render enemy unable retaliate strike capability ability respond attack manner inflict unacceptable damage struck foreign policy tend seen hawks doves american political system operates principle civilian supremacy military president commander chief armed forces elected civilian military leaders aware enormous political power wary going advice matters national security technical classified knowledge involved times crisis tendency defer advice military situation complicated military forces disagree frequently congress established national security council nsc agency coordinate vast process formulating foreign policy executive branch emphasis military security matters
capitalist economy american system based assumption governmental control economic affairs minimum reliance incentive private profits free market key element determining direction american policymaking generally government intervention seen potentially discouraging individual motivation seen real economic growth certainly effect controlling private economic development detriment economically competitive market seen assumption manifested instances material book case studies energy proposition labor law reform dealt issue contexts discussions government aid chrysler corporation social welfare policies chapters relevant issue structure role federal reserve system chapter determining monetary policy case point concept fragmented government changed assumption america political history government active participant nation economy intense government involvement deemed economic progress development deal changed considerably seen increase public regulation business development set social welfare policies touching aspects individual lives developments argue created necessity government action needed help stabilize economy provide assistance simply unable provide families industrial economy virtues earlier
philosopher sidney hook democracy simply system rules playing game rules allow measure mass participation government accountability constitution rule book game democracy definition democracy based procedures principles key fault understanding american democracy say nation democratic holds elections begs question soviet union elections democracy democracy principles hollow call procedure democrats principle democrats called american democracy evaluated concerning principles democracy especially liberty equality ask searching questions united states called democracy intelligence agencies central intelligence agency federal bureau investigation abused power illegally spied americans court system prosecutes penalizes poor minority offenders severely rich examples illustrate abuse liberty equality citizens illegally spied lose basic human free invasion privacy points glaring inequalities rich poor nation democracy widespread respect liberty citizens adequate provision equality washington post harvard university center international affairs conducted nationwide survey elites united states leaders areas american business farm intellectuals news media republican officials democratic officials blacks feminists youth asked place ten goals order importance
declaration independence course exemplifies emphasis individual liberty equality stating created equal endowed creator unalienable rights liberty pursuit happiness modern view interaction relationship liberty equality set carl becker means ends conjoined concept freedom freedom thought truth prevail freedom occupation careers open talent freedom government compelled central liberty determination central equality fair chance abilities compete founders recognizing debilitating influence supreme felt limited government liberty individual enhanced rights person equal opportunity protected government powerful sufficient power protect individual equal opportunity founders procedural principle democrats procedures enunciated constitution principles declaration independence principles procedures bill rights knew democratic procedures adequate guarantees democratic principles hollow shell vice versa founders democrats especially advanced political aims evident declaration independence secure rights governments instituted deriving powers consent governed form government destructive ends alter abolish institute government laying foundation principles organizing powers form likely effect safety happiness
constitution approximately words contrast today constitutions words founders seemingly tried write document embodying general principles adapted succeeding generations draft series specific precise provisions articles twenty amendments constitution appendix summary article ten sections concerns legislative branch government vests legislative powers congress united states consist senate house representatives outlines qualifications method election members congress revenue legislation outlines procedure overriding presidential veto section article explicitly lists legislative powers regulating commerce money establishing post offices declaring war clause referred elastic clause giving congress power laws proper carrying execution foregoing powers section article basic protections citizens prohibiting congressional actions congress normal circumstances suspend writ habeas corpus document directs officer holding suspect show adequate grounds holding person protecting individual illegal imprisonment congress pass bills attainder legislative acts punishing individuals trial post facto laws impose punishment acts legal committed article specifies money drawn treasury consequence appropriations law words branches government spend money congress appropriated
unit government utilize strength federal aid governments benefit extraordinary revenue resources national government primary method needs changed methods distributing federal revenue late grants called conditional grants matching grants specific purpose government match portion national grant federal funds set specific highway construction project supply percentage money needed federal government provided percent funds matching percentage percent grants called categorical grants category type project type grant entails contract governments beginning project grants national government decides money needed bypass governments place funds directly target local government private groups individuals late forms federal aid developed counteract lack flexibility conditional grants money spent specific projects form block grants recipient government money variety purposes fall general heading funds provided department housing urban development determine criteria distributing money general guidelines established hud guidelines include land planning recreation government reorganization
adaptation changing times dynamic society individual rights respects society stress clearly going concerned maintaining order peaceful society individual freedom restricted war situations understandable government executives suspend writ habeas corpus guarantee civilian trial case schenck united states war congress passed espionage act things prohibited actions leading insubordination armed forces socialist charles schenck mailed pamphlets opposing war government accused violating act case pitted rights free speech press government need protect war supreme court ruled unanimously favor government wrote justice oliver wendell holmes nation war things peace hindrance effort utterance endured fight court regard protected constitutional american democracy judged solely happens individual rights times war consider stressful times peace parts supreme court significantly extended application meaning basic human rights american society individual rights sufficiently flexible allow supreme court lead follow public opinion warren court led public opinion issue race relations declaring segregation schools unconstitutional
americans raising questions individual rights pertaining issues beer wine liquor consumption smoking abortion children television commercials mental illness study conducted department health education welfare reported deaths annually caused consumption beer wine liquor cost society billion summary report stated evidence overwhelming report documents reality problem drinking threatening damaging destroying lives literally tens millions americans half traffic fatalities half homicides suicides directly attributable consumption beer wine liquor health problems including cancer heart disease liver disease directly related alcohol consumption leading birth defects billion lost includes billion lost production billion medical costs groups beginning raise questions alcohol consumption violates rights especially related innocent killed traffic fatalities nonsmoker free polluted air smokers increasingly recognized bans smoking public places provision separate facilities smokers nonsmokers airplanes million spent annually children television commercials especially advertisements toys foods cereals federal trade commission hearings conducted subject raised constitutional questions involving freedom speech free speech extends children television advertising parents children exposed television advertising critics charge guilty manipulation crass abuse
admittedly interest groups representing business industry segment society qualifying points largely capitalist economy representation natural despite numerical superiority business industry interest groups necessarily dominate public policy major social economic innovations twentieth century originate chamber commerce national association manufacturers deal instance forged coalition labor unions big cities south largely brain trust liberal intellectuals including rexford guy tugwell tommy corcoran similar influences lay fair deal frontier society programs consider number political action committees pacs corporations labor trades professions groups cooperatives end pacs corporate pacs percent pacs corporate safely say plurality interest groups business industrial sector majority sectors society note nonbusiness nonindustrial interest groups apparently electoral success shown table types interest groups generally respectable winning percentage elections afl cio higher percentage national conservative political action committee labor direct opposition business industry instance multinational corporations international telephone telegraph shell oil checked multinational labor unions international longshoremen union
frequent criticism major parties lack responsiveness electorate committee american political science association reported parties lack discipline organization insure programs passed congress signed president republican democratic parties truly national parties loose coalitions confederations fifty parties power parties tends flow national leadership local party organizations function free national party direction late mayor richard daley chicago ruled cook county democratic party orders head national party national level president dictate members party congress national party chairman democratic national chairman paul butler tried establish policy council democratic party include senate democratic leader lyndon johnson speaker house democrat sam rayburn declined participate voters rational determining responsiveness national party leadership policy positions party policy position vaguely worded platform statements emanating national convention national committee meetings president congressional leaders bound statements political scientist james macgregor burns argued national parties congressional republican democratic parties presidential republican democratic parties held congressional parties generally conservative presidential parties contended democratic republican presidents ahead congressional party leadership advocating civil rights legislation
spite loose organization ideological moderation keeping american tradition major parties means averse change parties constantly undergoing modernization reform past absorbed immigrants europe helped adapt united states recently purged bosses de york tammany hall assimilated blacks leadership roles modernizing procedures organization especially democratic party republican party addressing reform issues progressed unlike democratic party mandated national level republican party suggested procedures local party organizations follow recently adopted procedural reforms democratic party include forbidding proxy voting party organizations prohibiting unit rule majority determines entire party delegation vote making party meetings planned adequate notice conducted proper procedures efforts ensure minorities youth women part party meetings national conventions broadened participation democratic party national party conferences utilized develop continuity national organization presidential elections midterm convention considered twenty policy resolutions subjects civil rights women rights black colleges stunning defeats suffered democratic party led calls retreat rules believed harmed democratic party ability reach cross section electorate
article ii section reads part president give congress information union recommend consideration measures judge expedient president function legislative leader evolved principal sources presidential power happen century initial step dramatize president legislative role occurred woodrow wilson president modern times deliver union messages congress personally predecessor theodore roosevelt developed legislative programs congressional action step requirement adopted war ii president submit annual budget message annual economic message practice submitting detailed legislative program congress began war ii commanding prime television deliver addresses networks presidents communicate legislative ideas congress american public voters mobilized behalf president program specific components submitted congress special follow legislative messages president reagan early successes congress attributed ability communicate effectively public turn pressured congress behalf programs president legislative power limited delivery legislative messages highly trained group skilled legislative technicians monitor flow legislation congress basis assist president congressional liaison office post war ii phenomenon helps president chief legislator chief lobbyist washington
entering white house outsider unfamiliar rituals congress jimmy carter soon learned skirmishes play ball congress weakened relationships congress forced aides practice arts compromise consultation promote legislation acceptable congress intent authority aftermath watergate congress created expert congressional staffs support agencies challenge president control information period authority congress decentralized influx members responsive traditional channels presidential leadership party leaders committee chairman congress foreign affairs traditionally regarded limits congressional initiative congress recent attached seventy provisos foreign policy measures sought president including arms embargo turkey embargo sending military aid angola approval congress congressional weapon veto override president veto word bill law congress override presidential vetoes table important legislation congress overrode president ford vetoes bills involving education health services school lunches check congress constitutional privilege vote presidential nominations secretary cyrus vance resigned protest abortive attempt rescue american hostages iran president carter forestalled potentially mounting criticism congress nominating highly regarded senator edmund muskie dem maine secretary senate readily confirmed nomination confirmation power open wounds abortive rescue attempt senate hearings
important understand bureaucracy grows seemingly fashion theories employment growth advanced northcote parkinson norman john powell parkinson noted development parkinson law holds expands fill amount parkinson argued rigid boundary lines exist bureaucracy continue expand bureaucracies tend perpetuating protecting expand order perpetuate protect employees needed parkinson pointed bureaucrats multiply subordinates rivals subordinates added employees merely justify existence employees needed handle created modification parkinson law devised norman john powell holds bureaucratic employment expenditures rise relationship increases community needs bureaucratic growth necessitates personnel help manage employees executive office president created late help president manage bureaucracy expanded creating management problems ironically supposed solve executive office included white house staff bureau budget includes ten agencies organizations effect bureaucracy expands ending spiral executive needs subordinates subordinates need justify existence employees hired consider dramatic examples problem federal government spends billion public relations including public relations officers moviemakers broadcasters writers editors annual salary ranges
late eighteenth nineteenth centuries late common view american government national government limited role domestic policymaking domestic policy left primarily local governments times period national government actively involve making broad national public policy passage morrill act establish land grant colleges universities civil war crisis depression national government assumed aggressive activist role taking responsibilities previously left states creating responsibilities crisis provided basis fundamental change federalism dual cooperative system discussed chapter deal fair deal frontier society programs resulted catalyst depression changed public thinking role national government deal policies paved active daily role national government administering economy keynesian economic policies based ideas developed british economist john maynard keynes largely determined economic policy keynesian economics government appropriations taxes achieve objectives surplus budgets bad times balanced budgets times war ii laid groundwork advocates changed policies concerning blacks women prior war blacks lived largely segregated society returning soldiers saw unfair women began move workplaces home help meet wartime production needs
recent americans increasingly concerned pollution forms automobiles airplanes buses cigarettes air pollution water pollution results industrial waste sewage noise pollution areas large industries heavy auto traffic cleaning environment laudable objective especially reduces hazards diseases cancer economists ask live pollution create recession depression slowing industrial productivity interest clean environment trade calculated care oil needed support industrial growth oil slicks contaminate ocean waters threaten marine fishing industry offshore drilling permitted potential benefit say transportation industry threatens potential harm industry fishing easy policy choices areas short fuel accept risk cycle relationships possesses vicious relationship relates consumer costs prices taxes automobile manufacturers forced comply environmental protection agency regulations requiring installation pollution control devices increase car prices increase turn reduces purchasing power savings potential consumers pressures created increase salaries order compensate reductions labor unions seek higher wages fringe benefits help members case labor management disputes negotiations result government requiring money support bodies environmental protection agency contributes problem taking higher taxes paychecks examples illustrates added burdens consumers
unquestionably policy process opened decades variety ways public access review governmental policy process increased freer flow information policy process public directly intermediary groups elected representatives policy originates ralph nader ideological left jerry theological numerous persons groups public access influence increased equality representation began implemented baker carr decision chapter allowed urban suburban groups greater influence national legislative bodies policymaking procedures greater participation public selection presidential nominees usual boss dominated system earlier caused presidency responsive groups brought nomination types presidential candidates policy process executive branch help influenced set influences choosing presidential nominees bosses exist longer influence previous generations fourth independent political action established parties interest groups brings influences ideas policy process fundamentalist christians early challenged domination liberal religious groups national council churches bureaucracies principal protestant denominations making public policy fundamentalist christians powerful force elections liberal religious leaders organizations
century half settlement jamestown british colonies america developed considerable degree local autonomy government partly thousand miles treacherous ocean british homeland colonial assemblies assumed power decide provide funds pay government functions colonies according research noted american historians large proportion active interest public affairs american colonial merchants shippers wealthy planters family farmers artisans trappers traders land speculators employees slaves developed increasingly robust colonial economy system commerce mid relationship american colonies britain easy mutually beneficial needed assistance counter french canadian threat british backed colonial interests land trade ohio valley whig party british parliament led william pitt elder willing accord american colonies large measure autonomy rule colonies willing give britain loyalty easy relationship change dramatically watershed events french indian war ascent george iii throne england french indian war resulted defeat france america defeat weakened bond military interdependence american colonies britain eliminating chief opponent french indian war important results forced thirteen colonies cooperate trained american officer corps
antifederalists raised number objections proposed constitution outspoken passionate opponents patrick henry virginia antifederalists dominant voice opposition entire week virginia convention series fiery speeches henry outlined essentials argument excerpts cited summarize objections constitution beautiful features examine features sir frightful deformities awful squinting monarchy raise indignation breast american president easily king senate imperfectly constructed dearest rights sacrificed small minority small minority continue forever government defective checks government strong holds hands enemies supposition american governors honest qualities government founded defective imperfect construction puts power worst bad sir eastern western hemisphere blame distracted folly resting rights contingency rulers bad show age country rights liberties sole chance rulers consequent loss liberty say loss dearest privilege absolute certainty mad attempt
modern times supreme court view tenth amendment states truism retained surrendered court pointed tenth amendment declare powers expressly delegated federal government reserved states word expressly amendment court held tenth amendment add provisions constitution basis states rights claims supreme court ruled fourteenth amendment federal government act protect civil rights americans approves thomas jefferson james madison believed federal government implied powers strict reason vigorously opposed hamilton plan national bank equally outraged chief justice marshall broad construction constitution president jefferson exception view decided louisiana purchase despite fact find power specifically authorized constitution richard nixon president tried revive doctrine strict construction nominating supreme court dominant approach constitutional interpretation commerce clause contained article section constitution congress exclusive power regulate commerce states broad interpretation supreme court greatly enhanced powers national government similarly national powers enhanced broad interpretation welfare clause paragraph article section states congress power provide general welfare united states
soon legal freedom slaves south laws passed constitutions changed vote slaves methods poll taxes literacy tests restricted party primaries grandfather clauses allowing vote grandfathers voters whites frequently fraud violence blacks voting fourteenth amendment adopted provide full citizenship blacks congress passed civil rights act soon afterward assure blacks equal access hotels public transportation theaters places entertainment civil rights cases supreme court declared civil rights act unconstitutional fourteenth amendment constituted restriction states individuals private businesses racism sprouted terrible forms spread south johnson grass america missed chance appalling tragedy shadow lives millions black americans redress grievances voting betrayed highest court land forgotten northern politicians blacks rapidly fell victim kinds discrimination persecution rigid segregation reinforced image inferiority image blacks fulfilling prophecy millions black children separate inferior black schools dulled mind consigned millions black children poverty hard manual labor horrible lynchings deliberate murders blacks secretly mob scenes sought rebellious line help looked wished help powerless
spring dr martin luther king jr southern christian leadership conference led series massive nonviolent marches birmingham alabama segregation public accommodations king arrested disobeying court order prohibiting march local clergymen published statement criticizing tactics timing demonstrations king wrote famous response scrap paper envelopes defending nonviolent methods attacking apathy white churches face injustice excerpt printed page king addresses issue timing painful experience freedom voluntarily demanded oppressed frankly engage direct action campaign timed view suffered unduly disease segregation heard word wait rings ear negro piercing familiarity wait meant distinguished jurists justice delayed justice denied waited constitutional god rights nations asia africa moving jet speed gaining political independence creep horse buggy pace gaining cup coffee lunch counter easy felt stinging darts segregation say wait
scientific poll attempt sample opinion population universe interested views students political science want adults york city think candidate interested opinions farmers iowa universe small fifty students enrolled political science say public opinion universe measured interviewing member universe large allow questioning member case measurement public opinion depends securing representative sample representative sampling involves questions interviewed interviewed random sampling probability sampling method chosen scientific polling determine interviewed random sampling involves interviewing randomly selected number geographical area random sample pollster tries select member universe equal chance chosen interview federal census tracts units taking national census frequently basic geographical unit scientific pollsters sample opinions census information characteristics live census tract includes statistics race income average age alternative sampling quota method approach involves interviewing number ethnic religious age sex groups quota method reliable random sampling leaves discretion interviewer choose interviewed quota
national party organizations executive centered party nominee level elected governor national level party nominee elected president dominated national chief executive party organization independent public officials adventurous taking positions issues national party organizations classified strong weak basis number criteria involving degree active recruiting candidates run public office leading role issues engage public opinion polling offer services funds party candidates sponsor voter mobilization programs registration getting vote regular headquarters adequate budgets professional staffs level strongest party organizations found minnesota michigan weakest found vermont representative ideologies issues positions party organization officials party elites according study answer depends major parties mind democrats level party organization republican party organization officials levels county chairs chairs national committee members national convention delegates fairly homogenous group fairly conservative conservative general public conservative republican party identifiers electorate virtually calls liberal democratic elites markedly republican elites call conservative range moderate liberal views closer mainstream party identifiers general public republican elites
difficult concerned person active participant party affairs political party organizations eager recruit blood especially election campaign rule campaigns workers willing worker likely received pointers involved campaign include try join campaign early stages able participate full spectrum campaign activities build seniority making likely tasks greater responsibility campaign continues flexible terms tasks perform menial tasks important campaign establish reputation willing worker maintain flexibility commitment dabbling politics limit effectiveness guidelines apply quiet periods elections going business politics takes place fact getting involved party organization elections advantages fewer active contribution stand visibly able closely party activists learning process basic party organizations precinct level headed elected ward vice secretaries chairperson appoints precinct captains turn rely volunteer block workers maintain ongoing contacts neighborhoods political activists consider block workers important ward level neighbors concerned political issues neighbors interested actively involved provide personal contact party organization
mondale adviser later candidate hurt period olympics stirred national pride patriotism helped reagan factors sharklike feeding frenzy developed media concerning finances ferraro husband john real estate business problem finally put rest sure footed candid performance mammoth press conference august election federal election commission house ethics committee cleared ferraro wrongdoing international rules infractions husband later pleaded guilty misdemeanor connection real estate dealings jesse jackson black leaders posed problem mondale took firmly board formal campaign season began mondale lost slight lead polls enjoyed nomination dropped percentage points reagan prediction bad final result electoral college projections mondale especially america population shifting states northeast north central region country states south west worse reagan strategy geographically hold strength build north east mondale beginning geographic strategy try win northeast north central states alabama south mexico washington hawaii west mexico later dropped priority increased attention texas california
physical division senate chamber house chamber symbolic major political parties contribute organization bodies referring congressional party government members house senate elected party label chamber central aisle runs desk presiding officer front looking chamber desk presiding officer sees democratic members house representatives majority sit left side aisle republican members sit side member house representatives elected candidate major parties socialists independents raza unida members house similarly looking senate chamber desk presiding officer sees republican members senate majority body sit hand side central aisle democrats sit left house members senate democrats republicans physical divisions congress based party affiliation committees subcommittees meet hold hearings members seated basis party affiliation places informal discussion floor chamber separately assigned party senators private dining room composed separate rooms senators rigidly segregate parties
read resumes modern presidents hard predicting effectiveness office fairly safe guess term governor georgia ideal preparation retroactive guess million voters including writer didn think point mattered modern presidents term governors populous states reagan students politics think governor job big complicated closest thing close presidency truman kind democratic legend common rising lofty challenge white house seamy politics kansas city terms machine senator ike elected critics genuinely concerned military mind white house admirers understood ike extraordinary kind command success political diplomatic military expected presidential greatness achieve expected kennedy ford spent capitol hill diligent influential ford called child house spent minority served months appointed vice president resumes lyndon johnson federal bureaucrat navy congressman senator majority leader nixon federal bureaucrat navy congressman senator college graduates list institutions evokes american dream
today federal jobs civil service system jobs appointments basis merit positions filled presidential appointment fourth prestigious according federal law civil service positions filled applicants rated highest basis civil service examinations related criteria considerable criticism civil service protections difficult discharge incompetent dishonest employees reward especially efficient hardworking employees president carter campaigned civil service proposed reform bill difficult battle congress bill passed law called civil service reform act alter provisions hatch act change preference civil service armed services veterans special advantage federal civil service employment act materially alter present labor relations law regarding civil service employees federal employees form join labor unions illegal strike president reagan reinforced strike rule firing striking federal air traffic controllers reform act provided senior executive service employees higher grades attempt provide roster high level federal managers moved agency ease fired difficulty previous laws rewarded special service senior executive service recommended hoover commission similar top civil service corps britain
president united states america chief diplomat commander chief wide range federal bureaucracies federal officials assistance advice assistance regard foreign policy counting attention purely domestic matters president juggler keeping balls air issues part subside importance issues pressing president reagan simultaneously concerned arms control negotiations soviet union hardening congressional opposition financing government contra forces nicaragua japanese build military forces lower trade barriers foreign matters addition administration deeply enmeshed international economic problems partly caused domestic economic troubles notably big deficits high interest rates advises president foreign policy answer chance system government formal offices bureaucracies established purpose secretary president united states robert livingston served capacity articles confederation constitution secretary today ranking official executive department president official seal united states secretary secretary henry kissinger received accepted president nixon resignation
addition domestic institutions united states carries foreign policy number international organizations belongs hundred important organization american states bank similar financial institutions north atlantic treaty organization united nations organization american states oas regional organization united states latin american nations united states dominated organization providing percent budget recent strengthen present governments latin american countries internal enemies united states oas provide concerted sanctions boycott cuba nations follow policies accord international desires united states stood oas backed britain country fight argentina control islands policymakers disputed united states tie foreign aid recipient country conformity american policy barbara ward written political slant communist economic policies loans technical assistance barter ordinary trade strength equally lack political ideological framework greatest single source weakness aid program undertaken west involved american foreign policymaking believe america buy friends interest promoting security stability helping developing nations economically sufficient north atlantic treaty organization nato links united states western european countries military alliance
contemporary realist political theorists largely maintain research writing empirical conclusions verified observation experiment theorists say effect don say things say things words prescriptive descriptive realism democratic theory began gain acceptance war ii blossomed approach sweeping study politics government attempting place study scientific empirically verifiable basis happening supporters democracy trying understand germany weimar republic toppled antidemocratic leader adolf hitler power support german senator joseph mccarthy able build substantial political united states demogogic assault basic american freedoms speech thought association irresponsibly attacking americans association communist party thought mccarthy called fellow travelers communist party issue issues leaders writers believed america classless affluent society democracy safely emphasize democratic processes results euphoria shattered rediscovery abject poverty midst plenty america terrible explosions violence afflicted black sections america major cities realists special concerns account considerable appeal presidential campaigns alabama governor george wallace core support apparently based white fears hostilities resulting blacks efforts achieve equality support greatest lower socioeconomic classes
spring richard professor social james longtime civil rights activist frances fox professor political science launched national organization tried promote voter registration public private social service agencies hospitals care centers welfare offices senior citizen centers sought directly reach part citizenry principally poor minority tends register vote effort received support unions social service agencies small number important political figures especially governors york ohio half effort campaign added rolls registered voters according result limited percent country voluntary agencies willing participate main reason found fear wealthy patrons politicians managed grants agencies federal government demanded practice government offices register voters stopped ten americans voting age remain adult americans functionally illiterate members group read read book read daily newspaper jonathan schoolteacher recently written americans observes terms politics democracy live silent culture participate minimally informed political discussion read blue ribbon reports document plights read letters home children public schools entrusted schools threaten turn larger generation adult decade ahead
september disaster struck youngstown ohio effects devastating earthquake flood hurricane natural disaster announcement management corporation owned youngstown sheet tube steel company decided close local steel mill stroke steelworkers area lost jobs commented lose referring family built worked youngstown sheet tube effects closing reverberated valley harming thousands area residents food clothing furniture retail stores business depended steelworkers experienced drop sales resulted layoffs schools public services cut result decline tax revenues company employees blow dealt area rare social effects management decisions pinpointed precisely case youngstown unique steel industry bethlehem johnstown pennsylvania cities york ohio crippled layoffs thousands steelworkers cutback steel production part larger going worldwide abrupt slowdown american capitalist economies reduced demand steel american steel plants disadvantage technologically backward american steel executives slow introduce latest steelmaking techniques result american steel companies squeezed foreign competition especially japanese firms modern methods american steelworkers bearing burden management
expansion corporate capital means contraction jobs workers replaced machines boom period top corporations employed fewer workers previous fortune magazine business publication found top corporations increased sales twelve times net income times doubled force process illustrated corporate takeover agriculture agriculture penetrated corporate capital transformed agribusiness resulting mechanization forced million land mechanical harvesters eliminated jobs million million farm workers remaining farmers hired hands large produce farm machinery pesticides fertilizers process food grown specifications corporations moving land directly nation largest farmers boeing dow chemical massive restructuring economy occurring recent producing dislocations millions workers study process term economists barry bennett harrison find million jobs eliminated plant cutbacks closings outweighed million jobs created private industry period contrary argue healthy process economic renewal benefits harrison find closings motivated search obtain greater advantages weakening workers power helps explain jobs created indication provided conference manufacturers association business organization developed index rating business climate
social regulation resulting environment movement struggles unprecedented effective attempt limit corporate freedom unlike earlier regulatory movements progressive period deal dealt specific industries railroads broadcasting wave social regulation applied industries explains business later proved able unite successfully opposition regulation social regulation differed earlier governmental activity explicitly contrast seen past business actively sought governmental regulation sheer scope volume social regulation considerably earlier regulatory efforts area consumer health safety laws enacted federal government progressive period eleven deal regarding occupational health safety laws passed progressive deal voted fields energy environment laws passed progressive period deal recent period political scientist david argues conflicts social regulation raised basic issues regarding place corporate producers united states essence seventies controversy social regulation business focus class conflict pitted interests business public interest movement organized labor laws teeth administered agencies committed enforcement supported mobilized grassroots activists regulation worked
taking account fact president elected holding office hamilton favored term elected monarch accurate describe contemporary presidency senator jacob observed united states lodged power single individual system government functions today strange irony country prided limited government regarded accumulation powers legislative executive judiciary hands according james madison formulation federalist definition tyranny contrary intention framers attempted distribute legislative policy making executive judicial functions government separate branches government responsive constituencies sharing functions government contemporary presidency substantially absorbed powers government modern presidency describe extends president center executive branch government sprawling bureaucracy numbers million federal civil servants president commands powerful military establishment presidency function policy initiation congress think tanks social movements forces policy proposals courts curb presidential power extreme instances watergate recent congress assumed substantial powers detailed chapter president continues largely determine legislative agenda political office capitalist democracies authoritarian regimes soviet systems represents comparable concentration power american presidency common characterize presidency weak ineffective institution
congress played important role expanding presidential policy planning management economy numerous laws president responsible wide ranging planning functions budget accounting act instructs president prepare annual budget created bureau budget renamed office management budget omb assist preparation preparing budget important budget signifies government action government staff members omb powerful agencies executive exercises surveillance control entire federal establishment landmark piece legislation contributing transformation presidency agency responsible direction economy employment act instructs president steps maintain high employment production combat inflation satisfy economic needs act created council economic advisers cea group professional economists staff assistance executive office president congressional legislation delegates responsibility economic planning includes trade expansion act president negotiate tariffs nations economic stabilization act grants president broad authority issue rules regulations deem stabilize prices rents wages salaries legislative texts explain development modern presidency important factor underlying enormous growth power rise corporate capitalism earlier era political economy decentralized hard imagine kind presidency developed
pursuit legislative objectives president resources call drafting proposals providing testimony congressional committees lobbying behalf reasons important legislative items tend introduced presidents accord general goals sketch union messages numerous messages congress variety topics regard legislation goes core president agenda call host advantages legislative process office management budget omb congressional liaison staff white house coordinate executive legislative efforts omb acts clearinghouse centralize public policy presidential perspective reviewing executive branch requests legislation white house staff coordinates presidential lobbying presidents variety tools command win votes congress range symbolic photo opportunities president doling project grants local buildings roads dams appointments federal agencies judgeships president eisenhower efforts white house administration legislative liaison staff grown number assertiveness activity recent study benjamin page mark note president influence stage legislative process bills referred friendly committees testimony scheduled timely mark sessions members important bill comes vote senate house floor members assigned conference committee compromises preferred direction
historically supreme court performed basic functions exception transitional periods mid nineteenth century court fail supported policies dominant national opposed regional interests court provided arena conflicts settled positions economic political power unions corporations federal governments congress executive branch court means resolving conflicts function supreme court issue decisions difficult unpopular president congress brown board education decision held segregation public schools unconstitutional fundamental challenging feudal pattern social relations south president congress prepared step electoral perils involved court elites satisfy needs demands subordinates taking responsibility actions fourth court part justice system acted protect extend system formal legal protections supreme court pivotal arena expansion rights criminal defendants protection civil liberties civil rights respect court partial institutional autonomy makes decisions according logic formal legal justice opposition important members corporate political elite let examine court carried functions united states dual court system states federal government maintain trial courts
decades ago political scientist robert dahl argued perceptively supreme court involved making public policy called select competing policies areas wide disagreement benefits asked role court concluded examination cases federal legislation found unconstitutional court main task court confer legitimacy fundamental policies dominant coalition groups interests control national regime short lived transitional periods alliance disintegrating struggling control political institutions supreme court inevitably part dominant national alliance element political leadership dominant alliance court course supports major policies alliance court powerless affect course national policy instances dred scott attempts reject deal legislation court sought policy wishes dominant governing classes paid heavy price terms autonomy prestige recent empirical test political scientist richard bears claims examining laws found unconstitutional court passage congress period chief justice marshall appointed chief justice warren retired found court pattern rejecting legislation random periods supreme court reflects dominant political forces stable periods electoral court strikes national legislation frequently periods partisan upheaval electoral realignment periods marked major social economic society
july landmark date american labor history date baltimore ohio railroad cut wages percent protest move crew cattle train west virginia abandoned train trainmen refused replace end month mass strike america spread country strikers stopped seized nation important industry railroads crowds defeated won police militias cases federal troops called deal class insurrection dozen major cities industrial activity stopped general strikes strikes eventually put employers help police military authorities upheaval event known profoundly important respects reflected workers sense structural position american society face decline independent middle class concert action start labor standard wrote spread workmen pittsburgh felt oppression felt workmen west virginia workmen chicago st louis strikes highlighted need workers organize successfully resist repression workers movements employers government middle knights labor important national union organization period growing phenomenal rate july members later knights sought link workers skilled unskilled black white women
course american history party system rarely forum expression political conflict major forum political scientist robert dahl points constitution american political undergone generation conflict national politics extreme severity addition civil war outright warfare opponents conflict united states found expression protest activity political violence demonstrations strikes clashes occurred organized agencies interest groups business organizations labor unions regional ideological ethnic groups violent form conflict official destruction indians enslavement blacks repression women orientals hispanics minorities important exception civil war extremes conflict characterize countries apparent united states contrast europe conditions early america fostered relative equality discouraged class consciousness reduced need violent disruptions provided framework democratic party system foremost lack powerful hereditary aristocracy alexis de tocqueville visited united states observed democracy america americans born equal fight revolution achieve equality according sociologist seymour lipset nation leading cultural values america individualism equality achievement condition differentiated united states europe pluralism american society embraced gamut occupational regional ethnic religious subcultures encouraged toleration splintered power unlike europeans americans escaping finding move
rise television led emphasis image issues ronald reagan excelled style campaigning reporter observed campaign issues seat invoking themes leadership opportunity creating visual images communicating shared values stimulating moods feelings audience reagan campaign reporter commented creates sensation immersed manufactured happiness infinitely extended television commercial recent development weakening party organization professional campaign consultants according political scientist frank parties fairly primitive campaign skills superseded campaign technology finding technologically unemployed specialists art political organizing knew press conference scheduled prepare campaign literature set public rally resolve numerous crises arise political campaign past connected party organization worked party recent developed campaign organizations hire rent car principle applied politics political scientist samual suggests firms apply basic principles merchandising political campaigns selling product candidate persuasion techniques manipulative nature job industry professional campaign consulting boomed contrast free lance campaign specialist consulting firm handles entire political campaign polling data processing organizing rallies campaign literature consultants politics paid services top consultant command statewide election national election
superiority science weaponry major criterion military power arms race largely scramble develop technologically advanced weapons scientists engineers technical personnel crucial design production missiles sensor devices unmanned bombers electronic homing devices reconnaissance satellites weapons social scientists important role military industrial complex called find ways secure reliable allies foreign countries gathering information analyzing problems suggesting alternatives anthropologists developed ways penetrate cultures mobilize groups insurgent movements political scientists elaborated strategic doctrines experts propaganda linguistics psychological warfare geographic regions contributed skills federal government billion annually research development military aerospace research intellectuals scientists major beneficiaries funds move universities private industries think tanks government statistics suggest interlocking relationship science industry government war significant proportion scientists engineers projects supported federal funds thirds university research funds provided defense department atomic energy commission national aeronautics space agency thirds federal funds research development spent military related research military increased billion federal funds civilian increased billion military accounts research development united states fourth
note ussr window vulnerability larger soviet side reason thirds soviet strategic nuclear warheads located vulnerable land based missiles fourth united states strategic warheads land based missiles remainder sited range bombers submarines vulnerable soviet attack traditional strategic doctrine mutual built fact destructive potential nuclear retaliation deterred nation launching nuclear attack side knows gain striking knows respond devastating blow strike side mutual major responsibility mutual balance terror lies united states development military technology doctrine innovations weaponry include antiballistic missile defenses weapons warheads pinpoint accuracy missiles reach targets swiftly warning deployed weapons mad obsolete shift packaged military doctrines limited nuclear war united states strategists argue nuclear exchanges occur escalation widespread destruction american nuclear effort directed exclusively defensive deterrent purposes strategists create scenarios nuclear weapons variety situations lurking developments strong possibility united states seeking strike capability ability launch preemptive strike ussr strike force eliminate threat soviet counterattack
important respect analysis closer stockman edsall stockman believes welfare continues enjoy strong support edsall appears believe drive reshape socioeconomic political structure represented definitive defeat workers poor middle class despite sharp content distributional impact government policies edsall highlights consensus continues exist united states maintaining expanding welfare public opinion polls regularly produce large majorities support programs favorite targets reagan administration assault helps explain reagan administration failed achieve cutbacks welfare scale envisaged important implications future possibilities american politics detailed examination public opinion reagan political scientists thomas ferguson joel rogers reach unexpected conclusions federal regulation environment workplace reagan administration charged represented menace freedom productivity poll found proportion respondents favored keeping easing federal regulation environment percent industrial safety automobile emission safety standards offshore oil drilling support environmental regulation increased early reagan administration claiming mandate similarly social spending proportion respondents agreed reagan going attempting cut eliminate government social programs increased percent overwhelming majority percent supported government employment program increased federal deficit
january ronald reagan raised hand took public oath office term fortieth president united states rotunda capitol inaugural ceremonies moved inside bitter cold president stood television cameras crowd invited guests swore preserve protect defend constitution united states cannon boomed snow blanketed washington bright winter sunlight capitol dome etched cloudless deep blue sky words ritual familiar inauguration ronald reagan defeated walter mondale presidency symbolized continuity national leadership reagan philosophy varied sharply modern predecessors actor later governor california conservative republican promised approach governing america elected pledge reduce reach scope federal government daily lives americans increasing nation military strength cutting taxes things cost controversy reagan president social welfare programs cut income taxes defense budget increased percent number living poverty increased federal budget deficit grown unprecedented levels tensions mounted nuclear superpowers united states soviet union end reagan term sides agree geneva resume disarmament talks
united states major colony successfully revolt colonial rule seymour martin lipset written sense nation declaration independence success american revolution influenced philosophers political leaders french revolution jefferson words translated languages influencing liberals nineteenth century germany italy south america today ideas expressed declaration independence relevance millions persons groping political freedom turmoil accompanied growth countries africa asia demonstrates independence necessarily bring political maturity peace vietnam zimbabwe colonialism forces nationalism political independence accompanied political instability america successful revolution despite civil war wars depression vietnam watergate periodic inflation unemployment issues confront nation survived revolutionary leaders america carve enduring nation existed process slow difficult lipset observed backward glance past destroy notion united states proceeded easily establishment democratic political institutions period saw establishment political legitimacy party government touch complex balance forces swing direction party system nation survive entity took values beliefs practices incidents revealed fragile commitments democracy nationhood
supreme court serves questions versus national power federal system function efficiently umpire court attitude changed radically decades court supported states rights supported expanded federal power period court served major arena important conflicts settled federal framework important supreme court decisions chief justice john marshall mcculloch maryland ruling established doctrine implied powers gave federal government sanction giant steps literal language constitution james mcculloch american history happened cashier baltimore branch national bank united states established congress national bank failed prevent business panic economic depression branches managed termed crooks result states including maryland tried force banks states maryland slapped annual tax national bank mcculloch refused pay setting stage courtroom battle daniel webster argued bank luther martin attorney general maryland question answered marshall opinion unanimous court basic question congress power incorporate bank marshall laid classic definition national sovereignty broad constitutional construction government union emphatically truly government form substance emanates
reservations support population unemployment indians extremely high poorest reservations averages percent nationally indians live shacks adobe huts abandoned automobiles incidence illness disease significantly higher indians white population tuberculosis rate times higher indians americans unsanitary housing unsafe water malnutrition contribute ill health indians percentage american indian teenagers enrolled school half national average proportion graduate college half americans suicide rate indians higher americans indians aged fifteen twenty high national average rate deaths alcoholism indians times high national average federal government deeply involved history white broken promises indians government treated indian tribes separate sovereign nations government stopped making treaties tribes adopted policy breaking tribal structure dawes act divided reservations small allotments land distributed individual indians put public sale million acres land removed indian hands indian reorganization act ended practice breaking reservations tribes regained vitality congress adopted policy declaration designed end special trustee relationship federal government indians
mid seventies familiar yellow school bus symbol deeply divisive political social issue united states brown decision left unanswered questions constitution required busing schoolchildren achieve desegregation april supreme court ruled unanimously circumstances court held busing tool desegregation decision involved busing plan charlotte north carolina million public school children rode buses united states court declared reason busing achieve school desegregation court upheld busing case struck plan bus children city lines richmond virginia overturned detroit cross busing plan boston scene prolonged violence busing began federal district judge ruled city knowingly imposed systematic program segregation schools entire school system boston segregated court held plan court ordered effect black students largely blue collar irish catholic neighborhoods south boston charlestown racial tension intermittent violence whites resulted parents white black objected busing achieve desegregation white parents opposed busing children largely black city schools number parents black white objected bus rides unfamiliar neighborhoods children clearly busing schoolchildren stirred strong emotions
television age enormous impact tv public opinion brought recognition press actor political process merely mirror held reflect events dramatically illustrated presidential primaries senator gary hart upset victory hampshire february members news media hart suddenly descended colorado democrat droves days hart chiseled features appeared cover national news magazines point news media unanimously pronounced vice president walter mondale front runner suddenly conventional wisdom turned upside leading columnists predicted end road mondale press create sudden surge interest hart voters america curious candidate ideas press responding fact hart suddenly big news campaign caught fire intense media coverage hart helped fan flames fire rapid succession hart won primaries caucus votes maine vermont rhode island massachusetts florida unlikely campaign gathered momentum quickly hampshire influence tv television links nation electronically voters part nation immediately happening hundreds thousands miles section country weeks unknown western senator remained leading democratic nomination kind power influence american politics press inevitably target criticism
incumbent presidents ford carter defeated elections incumbent starts potential advantage opponent presidential campaign prestige power office follow president visible trappings force gleaming presidential jet lands airport rally band plays hail chief voters enveloped aura mystique presidency president speaks aide hangs portable presidential seal lectern prestige incumbent president huge organized staff advantages white house communications facilities including extensive arrangements handling press able dominate news taking actions president carefully timed maximum political advantage early campaign reagan addressed united nations york banner headlines calling improved relations soviet union arms control talks days later met soviet foreign minister gromyko white house move received attention walter mondale charged reagan modern president met leader soviet union gromyko top soviet leader member politburo sufficiently high ranking blunt mondale charge october televised debate reagan mondale president flew california visited bomber factory reagan setting attack opponent weakening america armed forces
congress prohibited corporations contributing candidates office federal elections taft hartley act bars gifts labor unions corporations federal election campaigns law stop unions corporations financing political campaigns simply set separate political arms campaign contributions afl cio committee political education cope business industrial political action committee congress let individuals limited federal income tax credit political contributions addition congress provided starting taxpayers person federal income taxes campaign fund distributed candidates presidential election law designed provide public financing presidential campaigns order free political parties dependence private contributions beginning option included standard income tax forms convenient taxpayers noted federal election campaign act rewrote laws campaign finance united states law modified supreme court important ruling january amendments enacted later law provided follows individuals give candidate federal election primary political action committee sponsored corporations labor unions national political party committee total contributions person limited political action committees qualify contribute candidate election
act choice performed american voter election takes place legal structural framework strongly influences result electoral system united states neutral affects dynamics voting voters step voting booths meet number legal requirements candidates names ballot qualified law form ballot influence voters decisions allowed pull single lever likely vote straight party ticket pull levers vote votes count presidential election controlled custom law constitution affect workings electoral college short structure details workings electoral system affect choice constitution popular election members house representatives provision extended election senators seventeenth amendment ratified electing president voters actually choose electors meet december election cast ballots chief executive pp voting basic provided constitution fourteenth amendment privileges immunities national citizenship states abridge congress power protect federal legislation congress limited residence requirements voting presidential elections states set requirements voting laws part govern machinery choice residence voting requirements registration primaries form ballot laws regulate political parties
image department head sea captain aboard strange ship unknown crew applied president seeking control bureaucracy president kennedy exasperated vacillation delay foreign policy bureaucracy department bowl jelly declared constantly smiling think need smile tougher presidents voiced similar complaints franklin roosevelt complained impossible results treasury department treasury compared department experience trying thinking policy action career diplomats treasury department put compared na admirals cope change na punching feather bed punch punch left finally exhausted find damn bed started punching presidents attempt gain tighter control bureaucracy reorganizing structure postwar efforts administrative reform led creation hoover commissions formally entitled commission organization executive branch government study panel headed president herbert hoover reported nearly recommendations streamlining federal government half adopted commission proposals emphasized centralization authority need simplify organization government
evening july bright television lights congressman peter jr silver haired chairman house committee judiciary slowly began reading statement nation watched american flag oil portraits predecessors wall formed backdrop dark paneled committee room capitol hill centuries ago founding fathers united states reaffirmed law sovereign speaks constitution constitution supreme law land proceed sole power impeachment reached moment ready debate committee judiciary recommend house representatives adopt articles calling impeachment richard nixon mistake turning point decide judgment concerned individual system constitutional government let leave constitution unimpaired children predecessors left days thirty members committee debated question impeachment president committee deeply divided debate conducted dignity times eloquence citizens hold congress low esteem occasion committee chairman earned nation respect articles impeachment adopted committee articles accused president nixon covering burglary democratic headquarters watergate office building abuse power fbi cia internal revenue service federal agencies illegal manner failing surrender tapes documents subpoenaed committee
institutions procedures formal organization congress party leadership floor maneuvering committee system staff bear relationship bill law cross hurdles step formal route bill follow shown figure member introduce bill legislation introduced joint resolution law manner bill bill introduced house senate referred committee hold hearings assign bill subcommittee hearings open public closed receiving subcommittee recommendations full committee meets executive session decide action bill rewrite bill completely report original bill house senate amendments written report minority report accompanies bill committee bill house calendars senate calendar clears rules committee debated house senate debate bill bill passed house chamber pass bill send committee ignore continue press version legislation major differences final bill passed house house ask conference presiding officer house names conference committee composed senior members standing committees subcommittees managed bill
start decade america rivers lakes streams getting dirtier cities towns dumping waste rivers industrial plants pumped chemical wastes toxic compounds clear waters result fouled drinking water polluted beaches unfit swimming dead fish algae clogged streams congress responded passing water pollution control act goal complete elimination discharges pollutants nation waterways law allotted billion states build waste treatment plants needed clean water pollution beginning diminish nation waterways according federal report twelve major rivers studied including colorado ohio showed significant reductions bacterial counts law amended environmentalists industry making gains deadlines compliance extended law tightened environmental protection agency control toxic substances chemicals plants manufacture plastics major source pollution oil spills drilling rigs tankers fouled nation beaches endangered wildlife major form pollution major oil spill occurred santa barbara california oil tanker argo merchant ran aground nantucket massachusetts spilling million gallons thick gummy oil threatening england beaches birds marine million gallons oil spilled gulf mexico blowout mexican oil rig national environmental policy act required government assess impact environment projects involving federal government
glance fifty states federal governments miniature familiar branches checks balances governors reasonably prestigious figures states president head executive branch president armed forces command form police national guard appearances deceptive position governor states powerful popularly imagined place states occupy prominent position federal system enjoyed past actions governor officials laws passed legislatures conflict federal law subject judicial review united states supreme court rock south federal power prevailed governors confrontations public school desegregation position governor weakened historical political factors colonial period royal governors clashed elected legislatures constitutions written american revolution reflected prevailing distrust executive power states legislature chose governor nineteenth century popular election governors spread states power governors remained weak twentieth century governments reorganized executive power increased states today office governor weak states variations power governors shown study published federal commission
think city government think decisions officials elected political office voters national levels parties politics ballot box play central role decisions city level affect lives cities nations paul peterson argued cities war peace issue passports forbid outsiders entering territory result limited policies adopt powers cities limited peterson concludes cities unable redistribute income effectively help disadvantaged result migration whites suburbs cities large black electorate chosen black officials los chicago philadelphia detroit atlanta orleans gary indiana newark jersey washington black mayors cities black population exceeded white population american cities black mayors thirty women historically big city political machine characterized urban politics political machines traded jobs social services votes immigrants changing nature american society urban political machines declined power tammany hall broken york city early democratic reform movement chicago reign chicago powerful political leader mayor richard daley big city bosses ended death tightly structured style political machines faded mayors large cities found difficult govern power diffused
statements called synthetic include statements daffodils yellow earth orbits sun obviously proven true false simply examining claimed kind knowledge expressed synthetic statements sources authority including divine revelation intuition observation experiment trouble authority authorities differ contradict wants basis authority claims knowledge basis supposed divine mystical revelation problem arises inspired sources contradictory claims similarly problem intuition truths supposedly revealed turn false investigation distinguish situations discovery justification studies process creation discovery show intuition plays important part science arts providing sudden insight problem answer dream sudden flash expecting insights wrong person lot hard justify insight convince presumably idea leaves observation experiment source knowledge proven reliable method admitted modern science method obtaining knowledge observation experiment characteristic science simple common sense method humans form solve problems consider situation figure home night flip light switch happens think bulb burned try light switch light goes guess
species defined initially basis morphology taxonomist collects large series specimens carefully arranges compares specimens exactly generally arranged groups called species share characteristics group separable plant taxonomist working flowering plants instance find considerable variation leaf shape flower morphology series specimens statistical methods deciding specimens separated groups minimal variation reasonably groups specimen confidence group suppose find groups plants leaves smooth edges range cm length leaves slightly toothed edges range length cm plant falls clearly group classify species ask don lot specimens leaves average cm intermediate degrees answer reproductive isolation organisms plants reproduce sexually forming reproductive cells known generally sperm eggs ova population plants interbreeding sperm fertilize ova organisms plants inherit characteristics parents understand observed distribution characteristics plants group interbreed interbreed plants groups small smooth leaves inherited group larger toothed leaves interbreeding certainly wider variation degrees intermediate sized leaves
let simple experiment bit fresh biological material plant mass bacteria yeast animal died weigh dry oven weight specimen lot wood shell bone percent weight disappear percent softer material evaporate means typical tissues percent water percent solid material water appears absolutely essential organisms exist adequate amounts liquid restricts planets temperature regions planet organisms earth successful finding ways live places look dry inhospitable fascinating book written called fitness environment lawrence henderson pointed sufficient organisms features adapt environment organisms exist environment properties henderson showed inorganic planet suited support emphasized properties water worth reviewing major points alchemists middle ages spent searching universal solvent dissolve thing course water comes closer wide range salts dissolve water forming ions figure shows ionic compounds salts readily dissociate ions water ion attacked surrounded polar water molecules
matter closely look green leaf naked eye uniformly green low power microscope shows cells green color shows sites photosynthesis confined numerous small chloroplasts figure move freely green algae single large chloroplast shaped cup spiral chloroplasts higher plant cells typically disk shaped micrometer thick wide number cell varies upper surface leaf chloroplasts cell square centimeter surface chloroplasts move change shapes orient positions response changing light intensities chloroplast surrounded double membrane interior flattened sacs membrane disk shaped discs compressed stacks called turn connected larger sheets membrane chlorophyll rest complex apparatus carries light dependent reactions photosynthesis light energy actually absorbed stored form atp nadph extensive sheets membrane chloroplast leaf surface provide enormous area absorbing light capturing energy fluid filled region known stroma high concentration enzymes carry light independent dark reactions photosynthesis energy captured phase reduce carbon dioxide organic molecules
students james watson francis crick began dna structure cambridge university hoping find structure explain function based largely ray diffraction photographs rosalind franklin maurice wilkins important clue dna sample equal numbers adenine thymine molecules equal numbers guanine cytosine molecules making models information mind watson crick hit dna structure shown figure dna consists helix strands run opposite directions strand direction upward direction downward sugar phosphate backbones helix dna truly acid phosphates lose hydrogen ions negatively charged repel form molecule resembles spiral staircase frame sugar phosphate backbones steps bases step actually consists pair bases held hydrogen bonds kind bond holds water molecules shown figure pair consists pyrimidine bonded bonded explaining data combinations stable fit form hydrogen bonds seen studying interactions proteins ligands molecules biological effects simply shapes fit molecules ways complementary
lipid protein molecules isolated membranes mixed re form structures natural membranes essentially symmetrical faces species lipid distributed equally halves true natural membranes structure asymmetrical plasma membrane instance proteins face contact outer face contact surroundings lipids distributed red blood cells found primarily outer half half carbohydrates distributed membranes outer surface cell deal polysaccharide chains sugar residues plant bacterial cells heavy walls polysaccharides complex molecules animal cells extensive carbohydrate structures surfaces figure distinctive antigens cells role helping cells embryo recognize shape structures carbohydrate chains membranes attached lipids proteins form glycoproteins phospholipids sugars chain sugars place phosphate base glycoproteins sugars attached amino acid side chains studied extensively red blood cell membranes helps understand membrane structure general half mass daltons consists sugar chains attached terminal end figure remains cell
act chromosomes chromatids separate meiotic properly called disjunction occasionally happen event termed nondisjunction result gamete copies chromosome zygote gametes develop deformed individual develop commonly seen result nondisjunction humans syndrome mongolism figure syndrome set abnormalities typically occur individuals affected syndrome subnormal intelligence typically iqs characteristic facial appearance including folding eyelid reminiscent fold asiatic chromosomes shows copies chromosome number condition known trisomy normal development obviously requires balance genes individual copies chromosome develops copies produces imbalance compensated fetuses die birth infants identified trisomy trisomy occasionally lived short periods birth common occurrence unusual numbers sex chromosomes despite abnormalities generally normal condition explained fact normal males females numbers chromosomes mechanism compensate difference order maintain balance genes mode mechanism formulated explicitly mary lyon noticed female mice heterozygous linked color gene tortoiseshell fur patches colors randomly distributed rarely cross midline body
forms organisms largely shaped elementary physical principles unique biology important purely geometrical principle smaller structure larger ratio surface area volume saw principle dictates small size cells box page generally applicable activity metabolism occurs volume materials enter leave nearby surface materials move rates proportional surface area ratio surface volume high flow support process principle dictates enormous amount biological structure instances held volume transported surface consider instance simple matter circulatory system carrying nutrients wastes figure nutrients diffuse points wastes diffuse easy single large tube won job handle large volume surface volume ratio small opportunity materials diffuse blood passes region solution divide bloodstream small vessels carry volume provide greatly increased surface blood intimate contact region serve diffusion carry vessel walls circulatory system structure ramus branch continually smaller smaller branches vessels high surface volume ratio
pattern growth plant understood terms auxin action meristems stems roots produce auxin transported region cell elongation effect distribution auxin symmetrical growth symmetrical phototropism auxin transported rapidly faster diffusion account evidence active transport mechanisms transfer cells vascular system facts auxin moved concentration gradient transport place presence metabolic poisons give credence point view auxin accumulate plant specific enzymes quickly inactivate expect system rapid precise control essential effect auxin understood general auxin produced meristem developing shoot removed light light inhibit release stimulate degradation move laterally dark side stem case obvious classical experiments dark side light side auxin promotes geotropism phototropism gravity affects plants germinate directing roots grow downward shoots grow upward young seedling pulled laid horizontally root begin bend grow earth stem bends upward air thing happen plant alive
rich large intestine entire skin vagina harmless damaged membrane initiate infection essential beneficial occupy spaces pathogens occupy acid byproducts inhibit growth organisms adapted living living trivial amounts organisms passed person person intimate contacts generally difference similar transfer pathogens person person concern infectious diseases contagious diseases transmitted host pathogen reservoir infection place resides produce disease figure reservoir infection human disease populations mammals birds insects arthropods soil transmission reservoir host occur direct contact touching kissing intercourse contaminated objects utensils toys contaminated food water soil airborne particles released nose mouth sneezing coughing infected large animals insect arthropod vectors vector animal transmit pathogens host rabies examples disease transmitted directly animal reservoir humans rabid dogs transmit disease humans reservoir actually larger includes foxes wolves coyotes skunks jackals mongooses cats bats disease caused virus survive animals
looked examples interactions receptor proteins molecules need emphasize role external deserve special attention animals distinction senses taste smell air breathing animals smell means primarily reception airborne molecules taste reception dissolved molecules receptors activities tasting involves component smelling air passes throat olfactory smell receptors chew food foods taste stuffy nose aquatic animals fish receive dissolved molecules types cells correspond taste smell receptors connected brain centers fish taste receptors body surface especially dense whiskers fish catfish animals depend pheromones chemical signals species receptors signal ligands specialized reception pheromone induces limited specific behavior pattern moving direction pheromone concentrated addition animals general provide general information lead wider variety behavior instance important information critical ions na presence conveyed sensation call salty sweet source energy compound searched wonder attracted tastes
behaviors entirely instinctive stereotyped experiential information modifies pattern kinds behaviors clearly learned part involve enduring change result experience simply maturation earlier learning obviously selective advantage animals wider adaptive range activities encoded genetic apparatus let look problem terms success feedback genetic system operates term feedback cycle stereotyped behavior patterns genetically encoded natural selection retains successful generation eliminates maladaptive behaviors feedback loop takes generation generations behavior shaped truly adaptive patterns learning contrast operates short feedback loop takes seconds minutes animal modify behavior try patterns finds effective yielding rewards food water sex freedom pain animal survives bad experience learn experience thing imprinting earlier special kind learning genetically encoded pattern simply refined specific general kind habituation animal learns ignore constant persistent stimuli hydra instance pulls tentacles contracts response sudden jet water continually exposed jets swift current eventually stops responding say habituated fast moving water
major problem plants animals evolving terrestrial forms develop means independent water water important reproduction primitive vascular plants motile sperm swim archegonia absence film water stop process considerable selective pressure reproductive mechanism bypassed motile sperm structure evolved independently couple times seed essential feature seed formation heterosporous plant released held inside fertilization occurs figure resulting embryo retained coat seed plants number sporangium greatly reduced ultimately reduced thin covering turn protected tough integument surrounds opening sperm structure integument called ovule fertilization ripened ovule developing embryo seed retained consisting cells develops pollen grain carried ovule air fertilization occurs growth tube pollen ovule free sperm produced evolution seed created enormous change plant development vascular plants small earthbound gametophyte larger sporophyte develops
phylum divided subphyla based specializations appendages consists extinct animals uniform legs figure bodies divided central lobe lateral lobes trilobite includes arachnids spiders scorpions daddy mites ticks similar animals figure pair appendages modified fangs pincers pair modified feeding body divided parts generally bears pairs legs abdomen legs lost modified sexual respiratory structures subphylum head appendages modified pairs antennas pair strong mandibles suited crushing food pairs help move food mouth include classes insecta crustaceans barnacles crabs shrimp lobsters types minute animals water fleas brine shrimp centipedes millipedes fourth class insects animals openly demonstrate metamerism affinities centipede virtually running land caterpillar reflection ancestors tendency arthropod evolution segments fuse larger units millipedes figure segments fuse pairs unit legs insects segments fuse regions head bearing sense organs thorax pairs legs posterior abdomen
anthropologists regard classical western genetically aberrant group facial features preserved adaptation cold heavy brows flat noses contemporary eskimos range western europe mediterranean middle east east africa neanderthals primarily progressive type figure skulls picture complicated finding classic neanderthal types cave northern iraq cave israel intermediate neanderthals typical sapiens genetic composition population slowly neanderthal features remain modern modern dress unnoticed today neanderthals dominant period late fourth glacial period land today mediterranean consisted inland seas completely isolated oceans larger sea east encompassed black caspian seas glaciers advanced northern europe covered sheet ice mediterranean region cool temperate climate humans shared area mammals think typically african elephants hippopotamuses rhinoceroses extinct species saber toothed tigers mammoths rhinoceroses ago erectus grade giving neanderthal grade tradition toolmaking replaced hand axes previously striking chips core carefully striking wooden tool held core remove flakes
central proposition elitism societies divided classes govern governed italian political scientist gaetano mosca expressed basic concept follows societies societies underdeveloped largely attained civilization advanced powerful societies classes class rules class ruled class numerous performs political functions power enjoys advantages power brings numerous class directed controlled manner legal arbitrary violent elites masses govern societies elites product capitalism socialism industrialization technological development societies socialist capitalist agricultural industrial traditional advanced governed elites societies require leaders leaders acquire stake preserving organization position motive leaders perspective organization members elite inevitable social organization french political scientist roberto put says organization says oligarchy true societies according political scientist harold discovery large scale societies decisions typically hands small number confirms basic fact government government elitism asserts govern typical masses governed
presidential administration promises dramatic change government change personnel policy pluralists portray american political system struggle broad coalitions groups represented republican democratic parties capture control government determine personnel policy according interpretation change party power bring significant change interest group representation programs policies critics pluralist view contend administration bring kinds washington fact bring incremental policy according elitist interpretation change party power bring faces high office personnel rarely differ past administrations social backgrounds corporate ties educational credentials ivy league connections government experience consider evidence cabinet level officials presidential administrations war truman eisenhower kennedy johnson nixon ford carter reagan percent ivy league educations percent advanced degrees ph law degrees percent served officers directors corporations banks investment firms appointment average age taking office fifty percent cabinet level appointees black percent women political significance observations debated argue social background educational experience corporate ties poor predictors decision making behavior top administrative officials homogeneous backgrounds view policy questions differently link social backgrounds decision making behavior weak
ended september constitutional convention constitution york city congress session convention suggested constitution submitted convention delegates chosen thereof recommendation legislature assent ratification convention delegates proposed ratification states sufficient put constitution effect september congress constitution states recommendations ratification procedure suggested founding fathers skillful political maneuver convention proceedings secret knew delegates instructions amend articles confederation create scheme government ratification procedure complete departure law land articles confederation articles provided congress amendments approval states rhode island firmly hands small farmers unanimity required articles obviously question founding fathers felt obligated act existing law founding fathers called special ratifying conventions states risk submitting constitution legislatures extraordinary procedure gave clear advantage supporters constitution submitting plan legislatures weaken chances success struggle ratification began ground rules designed national elite give advantage potential opponents
farewell address nation president dwight eisenhower warned immense military establishment large arms industry observed councils government guard acquisition unwarranted influence sought unsought military industrial complex potential disastrous rise misplaced power exists persist let weight combination endanger liberties democratic processes granted alert knowledgeable citizenry compel proper huge industrial military machinery defense peaceful methods goals security liberty prosper words reflect eisenhower personal feelings pressures mounting administration military private defense contractors increased military spending military industrial complex refers armed forces defense department military contractors members congress represent defense oriented constituencies left wing groups view military industrial complex conspiracy promote war imperialism easy describe john kenneth galbraith liberal portrays military industrial complex subtle interplay forces american society organization complex organizations conspiracy conspiratorial view military power coalition generals industrialists goal mutual enrichment arrange elaborately feather nests industrialists agents washington arranging payoff facts military industrial complex
american establishment school ties inherited wealth upper class lifestyle position privilege flourishes democratic society establishment found higher echelons business government important inhabit nation influential universities foundations think tanks unifying mission advance public ethos civic morality emphasizing tolerance individual liberty reform american members establishment generally upper social class origin benefited educations prestigious private preparatory schools ivy league universities establishment institution collective entity force business government links institutions american society pursue liberal values goals seeks protect united states vulgar mass impulses religious fundamentalism racism narrow patriotism selfish short sighted competition york times columnist leonard silk son harvard historian mark silk write origins establishment ecclesiastical aristocratic america firmly joined democratic capitalist institutions ambitions seeks protect advance social moral aesthetic values transcend interest single person economic group political organization affects wise instructor nation political business leaders familiar establishment type ivy league lawyer doers able move lightly worlds business government works politics establishment run reasonable responsible left establishment influential republican democratic administration washington
soon took office president reagan disavowing goals economic reform package priority spoke soviet threat governmental bureaucracy need government stop meddling americans lives lobbying activity achieve goals despite shouts betrayal supporters reagan president tried accomplish ignore pointless agenda congressional support originally thought mood country prompted cues traditional elites lend hope tax cuts reduction spending social programs military buildup reagan congress priority emotional issues related family school community hands senators met opposition traditional conservatives liberals established conservatives senator barry goldwater arizona spoke visible colorful outspoken attract media coverage movement wanted soon lost patience nominal supporters government executive lobbying brisk effective lobbying weakened inability compromise success began pass candidates congressional elections found gain pushing recession continued worried issues passionate concern leaders result fifteen representatives lost seats elections produced appreciable improvement congressional strength symbolic reassurance
elections means popular control public policy voters reasonably informed policy issues hold opinions large numbers electorate politically uninformed inarticulate ago public opinion analysts reported typical finding low level political information adult americans half public knew elementary fact senators fewer knew length terms members congress number supreme court justices ability identify president identify visible public figure governor table elites view political ignorance astonishment cost information cheap active influential elites stakes competition politics high careers esteem prestige directly daily affected political decisions masses political ignorance rational stance cost informing oneself politics outweigh benefits friends public office benefit directly victory candidate vote millions influential reasonable remain ignorant politics average voter systematically tunes political information informed political issues educated table truism observe relationship purpose education course increase knowledge information easier acquire information sort meaningful categories
reagan invited electorate answer question ago forty percent respondents compared percent percent reagan touched responsive chord custom invited response simple immediately understandable query candidates talked abstract economic concepts phrasing question terms inflation balance trade federal deficits unemployment gross national product reagan ability focus pocketbook nerve allowed voter apply simple standard cutting obscure language economists course question plucked language masses listen talk politics economy rarely elections average person describe recession reagan challenge risky voters held accountable administration economy tailspin surveys showed reagan trailing presumed democratic opponent walter mondale recovery saw reagan slowly return public favor peak recovery occurred months preceding election real disposable income percent strongest showing election landslide lyndon johnson comparable reagan twenty later nixon equally impressive increase income booming economies incumbents reagan asked question gamble paid handsomely table proportion thought worse percent lower elections plurality percent believed
growth corporate pacs mean power interest group system concentrated business cohesive vague imprecise categories shortly election president reagan revealed supported major tax reform package drafted treasury department broad context administration proposal lower corporate individual income taxes business approve depends business restaurant business joined professional sports franchises took exception portions tax plan eliminated severely limited business deductions entertainment restaurants major league sports heavily dependent deductions expenses nondeductible enterprises lose substantial sums lobbyists businesses joined opposition unions representing restaurant workers workers employed concession part professional sports oil lobby faced loss depletion allowances fast lobbied early hard vice president bush beneficiary substantial contribution personal political action committee oil companies point revise legislation order give half previous eliminating completely originally intended dropped threat lobby tax reform plan creating anxiety restaurant lobby high technology industries major tax break encourage investment high tech sector lobbying vigorously reagan plan smokestack industries steel companies automobile manufacturers penalized lose fast required pay taxes income saved fast recapture clause proposed legislation
ideally governments decide policy questions identifying society goals examining policies achieve goals researching benefits costs policy alternative calculating benefits costs policy alternative selecting policy maximizes benefits minimizes costs words policy making rational fact policy makers congress white house tend continue past governmental programs policies expenditure levels incremental practice called decision making incremental rational presidents members congress especially bureaucrats generally agree continue policies past accept existing budget levels avoid annual reexamination previous decisions policy makers intelligence money investigate alternatives existing policy cost collecting information policy makers predictive capabilities age computers accurately forecast consequences policy alternative accurately calculate benefits costs diverse political social economic cultural values stake policy makers accept previous policies decisions inherent uncertainty completely approach find safer stick known programs heavy instruments existing programs sunk costs preclude fundamental investments money buildings hard items popular expectations perceived administrative practices organizational structures accepted wisdom holds bureaucracies tend persist usefulness
congressional members represent interests local elites free president executive elites direct national problems concerns congressional members represent homogeneous constituency president congressional constituency defined rural urban mining manufacturing agricultural defense oriented cotton producing citrus growing president hand wider heterogeneous constituency single interest need dominate judgment freer focus general welfare cosmopolitan view national affairs similarly senators represent larger constituencies house members parochial freer attend general public welfare congressional member relevant political constituency elite district general district population reality constituency aggregate body small group political activists interest skill communicate political events social status disproportionately high districts high higher representatives mass congress institution low visibility study commissioned senate subcommittee relations discovered grim facts public awareness congress percent national sample americans identify senator barely half person party paltry percent senators members house representatives allegedly closer constituents fared worse percent identify representatives percent political affiliation ignorant rudimentary institutional arrangements
key power figures senate majority minority leaders chosen respective parties majority leader personal influence senate powerful figure national affairs majority leader party president charge getting president legislative program senate formal authority speaker house majority leader senator heard floor majority floor leader determines senate agenda greatly influence committee assignments party members majority leader influence rests powers persuasion consider lyndon johnson persuasive effective majority leader recent times committee system seniority rule create powerful congressional figures powerful standing committees senate foreign relations appropriations finance committees house rules appropriations ways means committees standing committees houses powerful members respect authority committees standing committee system sustaining attack authority committee committee chairperson threat members allow committee committee chairperson bypassed measure open door similar power committee ranking committee members tend stand support authority legislation assigned respective committees committee ranking committee members earn respect seniority experience legislative process
regardless students told high school graduation speeches ability reshape elites students govern nation college today occupies position power allowing shape american society meantime students help preserve democratic values wise lower expectations short term possibilities change excessive idealism coupled impatience change society leads bitterness disillusionment run feelings reduce increase political effectiveness excessive idealism expose appeals politicians exploit idealism advantage understanding personal limits shaping resolving society problems important reexamine adolescent optimism changing benefit truths taught public schools looking slogans democracy marxism realities power contemporary society book tried reexamine traditional teachings american government concerned students critically reexamine economic system social system communications system accepted truths physical biological sciences developing independent powers social political analysis help resist flood tide popular rhetoric symbolic posturing politicians pseudoscience bureaucratic social engineers learn wary politician bureaucrat promises solve society problems stroke pen end racism eliminate poverty cure sick prevent crime clean air water provide energy imposing taxes restricting individual freedom learn society problems simple solutions
correct agree ends government disagree means ends surprising gauge intensity partisans pursue ideology expense systematic assessment outcomes lies mischief commitment means distorts assessment intended ends let start accepting elite consensus yardstick government give individuals means pursue private ends foolish reject strongly individualistic culture nation end fringes political accept fact change united states change industrial democracies incremental examine goals values careful distinction explanatory empirical theory normative theory elitism pluralism empirical assess merits process content government merely explain welfare liberalism normative marxism major explanatory theory examining goals explicit democracy justice freedom equality readily measurable establishing goals examine existing policy policy give individuals means pursue private ends private ends assessment private ends simple task interest groups believed pluralists linkage mechanism rulers ruled accurately reflect members beliefs believe leaders tell followers want solution figure want welfare liberals invitation greed establishment personal goals presumably want ahead stable
let start ideal democratic society elites comparing conditions utopia real inhabited elites able uncover dynamics elite behavior learn tends astray ideal democratic polity major characteristics governed deliberative body guided sense public duty members seek enrich public expense perpetuate power privilege cost public choose freely govern ideal conditions exist imagine society separate governing class special private advantage performing governing role govern governed turn officers rotating special attachment governing role administered jury system approaches ideal specific public duty small community ideal town meeting governed takes part governing governed informed governors ideally equally aware happening incentive posture opportunity deceive exercise public responsibility decision making overseeing activity combined tasks fragmentation public responsibility separate activities controlled separate cases objective avoid privileged governing class governors private considerations prevent acting sense duty common
juan lives south bronx area york city plagued high crime junior brooklyn technical high school wants engineer faces obstacles getting education murders rapes knifings occur daily violence pervades bronx park past families enjoyed lunch sunday park remains empty teenagers broken benches cut heads statues juan family trip york puerto rico ago lives cramped apartment locks door week grandmother robbed beaten waiting bus taxicabs rarely venture district police cars cruise south bronx occupying force rules restrain violent behavior citizens feel abandoned political authorities resident tokyo feel threatened urban violence rarely fears going movies night boyfriend despite densely populated city interpersonal violence takes place streets muggings rare grandparents enjoy visiting nearby park frequently bus rides parts tokyo riding patrol car armed powerful spotlights police walk beats friends call neighborhood policeman san visits home office works downtown tokyo secretary reasons regards patrolman part family local community similarly stockholm erik feels free murder mayhem recently homicide rate increased slightly remains york city figures
divergent attitudes authority striking relationship citizens police compared japanese americans show greater willingness challenge police authority david points japan united states characteristic stance offenders face authority complements role definition police american accused policeman likely respond japanese says sorry american shows anger japanese shame american contests accusation tries humble policeman japanese accepts accusation tries kindle benevolence swedish citizens deferential view police japanese perceive police officer helpful authority figure community national sample surveys early revealed percent swedish citizens found police likable helpful presence sweden police carry greater variety social services america organize youth clubs assist unemployed help aged present puppet shows children teach bicycle motorcycle courses teenagers collect christmas parcels older establish hobby clubs provide transportation local market set crime prevention clinics highly trained professionally organized swedish police perform efficient helpful civil servants citizens respect expertise specialized skill technical competence scientific knowledge assist community solve crimes pressured challenges authority japanese swedish police rarely violence japanese police officers carry guns swedish police officers wear gun rarely shoot kill fire shots air warn suspected criminal
unfortunately political scientists engage comparative studies nations found difficult meet conditions discover valid causal generalizations difficulties correlations policy sciences reveal weak strong statistical relationships indicating public policies exert limited effect social conditions crime cases situational variables subject policy control stronger impact social change policy variables short run easier officials control lengths prison sentences change individual attitudes family backgrounds peer group interactions situational variables explain homicide rates policy variable comparative political scientists face problems disentangling temporal occurrence policy variables effects stem public policy cases effects policy vice versa high correlation exists percentage owning handgun nations cross national homicide rates high murder rate leads buy guns investigation diverse countries expands complexity conditions affecting outcome complex situations difficult control variables explain effect homicide rate easier generate strong statistical correlation temporal order variables discover antecedent factors accounting spurious relationship uncovered statistical association peer group interactions homicide demonstrated participating violent group setting preceded murder variables causing peer group rewards violent behavior
dimensions social stratification political power wealth status compare significant models societies feudalism capitalism socialism feudal pattern remained dominant form late nineteenth early twentieth centuries parts east europe asia latin america capitalist society began emerge northern italy holland britain france today international markets unite represents pervasive economic form mid nineteenth century capitalism dominated economies britain france germany united states socialist movements began organize challenge existing capitalist system close war socialist movement split separate wings democratic socialists west europe seeking reforms capitalist economy sought greater economic equality civil liberties working class russia lenin communist party gained government power imposed socialist regime civil liberties subordinate tasks industrializing agrarian society increasing equal opportunities urban factory workers war ii socialist societies emerged east europe china north korea vietnam cuba feudalism capitalism socialism models societies photographic reproductions concrete society analytical model features fully integrated logically related inconsistencies ambiguities nuances empirical situations eliminated offer complete view empirical reality analytical model presents simplified picture simplifying complex situations providing abstract dimensions compared models enable understand functioning actual societies
public policies enacted communist party government contributed greater economic equality existed prerevolutionary regime workers earn social wage cash income important fringe benefits free health care free education subsidized public transportation housing care centers raising minimum wage freezing salaries highest paid managers professionals communist governments steps reduce income differences workers skills policies reduced economic inequalities rigid stratification system despite trends income equality class distinctions remain class party officials arisen direct societies major means production public control communist party working class control access land capital political elite legally capital members determine allocation economic resources investment money capital physical capital daily activities workers functions performed capitalist class western market economies western societies managerial professional intelligentsia occupy top positions social stratification system soviet union party cadres managers professionals scientists engineers secure highest salaries greatest access political power prestige members class obtain special bonuses overtime receive highest pensions secure free monthly food allowances buy luxury goods special shops chauffeured automobiles enjoy vacations fancy resorts reside spacious houses children gain special access higher education making members current political elite transmit advantages generation
term ideology changed meaning concept originated france late eighteenth century french revolutionaries attacked divine king rule questioned orthodox religious traditions established roman catholic church french philosopher de tracy coined term ideology denote science ideas based discredited principles faith authority objective impressions gained physical senses de tracy ideology essentially empirical method observing century karl marx took position contrasted scientific socialism unscientific ideologies based false consciousness view ideology constituted rationalization actions grounds search political power wealth status subjective distorts understanding social situation social scientists today view ideology detached terms represents systematic set principles linking perceptions explicit moral values ideology interprets meaning events posits need change maintain existing situation according carl friedrich ideologies action related systems ideas related existing political social order intended change defend designate reasonably coherent body ideas concerning practical means change reform maintain political order conception derive dimensions ideology structure style reasoning functions content structure ideology style reasoning involves abstract deductive thought patterns
hitler gave restricted definition status freedom religious freedom according jews women enjoy freedom rise social stratification system support rights german male youths regardless social origins improve educational economic positions hitler mussolini advocated political equality boasted elitist tendencies leaders asserted rule societies free mass pressure leaders exercise authority followers obey mussolini proclaimed fascism denies numbers mere fact numbers direct human society denies numbers govern means periodical consultations affirms unassailable inequality leveled extrinsic mechanical process universal suffrage fascism rejects absurd conventional falsehood political equality similarly hitler told young nazis seek equality mastery waste minority rights ideological abortions sterile democracy hitler attitudes german volk organic nazi party exemplified political elitism appealing germans feelings national humiliation defeat war hitler initially asserted need equality german nation european nations reality wanted german volk aryan race german nation dominate hitler sought organize nazi party elitist military organizations professional army rulers exercise unconditional authority troops bottom demonstrate absolute obedience supreme leader commander chief
communist states east europe greater restrictions political freedom leadership increased income equality government communist party possessed power willingness implement egalitarian public policies public expenditures education housing health care social services age pensions family allowances injury pensions maternity benefits constitute high share government budget individuals obtain items low price cost generally inexpensive nature necessities benefits poorer citizens expenditure programs government policies wages public ownership industries egalitarian effect capitalism managers private firms assume primary responsibility determining employees wage rates wealthiest obtain income entrepreneurial investment income interest rents capital gains dividends socialism government wage boards power equalize wages country means production public officials private stockholders handle capital investment soviet government abolished capital gains art objects jewelry stamp collections dividends interest personal savings accounts rents private property land profits earned enterprises return wealthy private investors eliminating sources income communist governments lessened economic inequalities despite egalitarian claims communist party officials socialist societies abolished income inequalities industrialized capitalist nations women rural folk force receive fewer economic benefits urban residents union members
personal autocracies prevailed early stage development europe called absolute monarchs ruled states france prussian germany spain russia france louis xiv governed french nation sun king radiating center political authority claiming embody declared moi similarly african territories secured political independence late early personal autocratic rule widespread traditional monarchies decayed colonial rule presidential monarchies emerged led military officials nationalist politicians kwame nkrumah ghana sekou toure guinea felix ivory coast uganda zaire examples personal autocrats african continent european traditional monarchs claimed exercise absolute rule control society limited compared bureaucratic twentieth century dictatorial military party absolutist weak strong true monarch tried monopolize means coercion gradually gaining control regional armies controlled feudal nobles king instituted professionalized standing army war fleet continuous involvement foreign wars led military defeats victories debts increased army floundered succession abortive military maneuvers result monarch maintained limited control instruments coercion nation monarch power local governments centralized absolutist label suggest louis xiv concentrated political power royal court central bureaucracy lacked resources implement detailed royal edicts
industrialized societies north america latin america west europe east europe governments play increasingly important role economy war ii today governments enact policies intended promote industrial growth stimulate higher productivity provide social services individuals reduce unemployment control price increases success attaining policy objectives political leaders industrialized assume government officials involved economic decision making major policy differences countries arise relative power wielded governments private corporations labor unions economic policy process faced important activities governments perform modern industrial economies political scientists constructed typologies economic systems based degrees public ownership government control important types include capitalism corporatism socialism market socialism capitalism features private ownership economic firms social group business control economic decision making corporatism blends private ownership government controls business labor socialism combines public ownership government control market socialism public social ownership coexists social group workers control economic decisions analysis types examines function government economic policy process role interest groups manner representing individual interests relation public private spheres table summary types systems system types capitalism represents dominance private public sphere capitalists sharp distinction public private sectors society society capitalist economies especially united states private ownership prevails
key groups political party government officeholders activists party hold government position passive supporters voters psychological identifiers activists generally ideological style substance stylistic standpoint activist ideologues abstract deductive reasoning link details slum general principles freedom equality perceive concrete events light abstract ideas activists deduce specific conclusions general theoretical principles terms ideological content partisan activists polarized views government officeholders mass voters instance left wing activists strongly support government policies enlarge income equality extend control economy wing party activists remain highly opposed measures contrast activists passive supporters voters especially psychological identifiers engage ideological abstract deductive thinking western countries percent electorate views political activities left versus perspective voters interpret electoral campaigns ideological prism articulate meaning left assess political events terms comprehensive set ideological principles systematically relate diverse issues majority voters lacks detailed political information complex issues holds vague preferences policy views united states abroad citizens base electoral choices party identification image candidate past government performance explicit ideological principles
impact class identification voting behavior generally individuals strongly identify working class give greater support left wing party professionals hold middle class occupations teachers journalists social workers government civil servants view members working class vote leftist party finally persons denying realities class stratification refusing identify class lean conservative parties traditionally wing parties appealed voters feel belong classless society measures class occupation generally shows stronger relationship electoral support political party industrial sector employed prestigious financially remunerative occupations vote conservative party workers upper middle class business executives industrialists managers professionals administrators strongly support wing parties composed white collar employees salespeople clerks shopkeepers lower middle class votes frequently conservative parties manual workers skilled semiskilled unskilled provide left wing parties greatest source support independent farmers tenant farmers italy lean communists vote conservative parties despite correlation occupation party voting strength relationship tends weak compared effects religion robert alford indicator measure class voting difference percentage persons manual occupations voting left wing parties percentage persons upper occupations voting leftist party similarly religious voting percentage catholics protestants germany low church voted left wing party minus proportion protestants german catholics high church voted leftist
severe postwar conditions brought political personal violence weimar republic left wingers wingers staged numerous coups left wing communists attempted establish revolutionary workers peasants socialist republic originated putsch abortive hitler munich putsch later depression struck germany political violence escalated armed bands nazi terrorized jews social democrats communists severe economic crises inflation unemployment plagued weimar republic period war brought economic ruin millions wholesale price index late reached billion unemployment accompanied soaring price increases currency stabilized early economy prospered depression led rising unemployment rates closely tied american economy germany endured severe hardships congress passed hawley tariff german exports america drastically declined american loans germany ceased german government longer reparations france britain nations stopped buying imported goods germany partly result crises capitalist economy percent german labor force unemployed weimar governments political parties proved unable resolve political economic crises competition rival parties factions government institutions led political immobilism hindered effective policymaking political parties gained percent vote election reichstag
lasted monarchical russian system finally collapsed early foreign economic pressures defeats war weakened political power legitimacy czarist foreign investment russia greater incorporation russia economic market russian army defeats war exacerbated economic political economic grievances felt key social groups intelligentsia factory workers peasants soldiers wartime situation grew severe trust czar weakened coercive power wielded army police declined coercive mechanisms disintegrated power repress distrustful opposition groups waned blaming personal misfortunes collective source government revolutionary groups felt high political efficacy ability transform political system including leaders policies decision making structures result conditions czar nicholas ii abdicated february dual system power emerged provisional government soviets mainly moscow struggling exercise dominant authority continued defeats russian troops superior german forces led deterioration political economic conditions october bolsheviks superior organization comprehensive ideology led movement topple provisional government bitter civil war lasting mid bolsheviks emerged triumphant reason political system change involved failure existing governments retain legitimacy key social groups initially international economic pressures later russian defeats war aggravated political distrust groups radical intelligentsia factory workers peasants soldiers played especially important role toppling czarist provisional governments group expressed moral material grievances incumbent authorities resolve
general perspectives reasons systemic explain greater political continuity united states britain germany russia hundred geographical locations germany russia experienced vulnerability international structural crises especially war land powers located continental europe states frequently faced foreign invasions wars threatened disintegration states coercive power geopolitically vulnerable german russian elites erected strong states maintain political systems governments assumed crucial responsibilities policies affected lives citizens aggrieved groups naturally focused established regime main source blame deprivations grave structural crisis war economic pressures undermined legitimacy collapse power expanded possibilities fundamental political regime reich disintegrated leaders lost war allied powers similarly russia czarist regime provisional government collapsed partly leaders wage successful war invading german armies war downfall weimar republic severe economic pressures weakened legitimacy rampant inflation high unemployment led widespread alienation weimar political institutions nazi electoral tactics violent activities hitler chancellor replaced democratic weimar regime dictatorial reich reich fell defeat war united states britain faced severe structural crises germany russia civil wars posed weaker threat established institutions england america
group american indians living mexico tell story north america beginning lived dark beneath earth course wanted light began journey looking light passed underground worlds color white red blue yellow finally tall spruce tree reached outer crust earth woodpecker poked small hole badger enlarged hole climb spruce tree passed underworld outer live today indian groups tell legends legends stories handed parents children period study science history tell story arrival north america call story legend call theory thoughtful guess scientists explain happens explanation based collection facts theory accepted fit facts theory continues accepted theory comes fits facts early believed americans arrived north america thousand birth christ early theory began theory called theory historians scientists added evidence facts prove theory
story columbus discoveries spread creating excitement tales voyages told dreamed someday making trips rich famous person amerigo vespucci florence italy vespucci heard firsthand accounts columbus adventures crew members sailed opportunity vespucci joined spanish expedition going ship carrying explored coast south america possibly going south brazil vespucci sailed portuguese ship voyage vespucci decided south america large island asian coast vespucci concluded columbus fact discovered part asia wrote theory letter geographer europe wrote book discussing known parts amerigo recognize columbus discovery geographer decided continent america vespucci stuck lands western hemisphere called americas person dreamed excitement exploration discovery vasco de balboa failed farmer spanish island hispaniola gave farm island hid aboard slave ship bound colombia south america days leaving island balboa hiding announced captain captain nearly threw balboa ship island
centuries europe governed strong kings queens limits power royalty answer representatives kind government called absolute monarchy kings queens power answer question thousands soldiers government officials force follow orders real answer question accepted idea god chose kings queens nations rulers common alike believed royal power heaven disobeying royal law thing disobeying law god belief known divine kings powerful absolute monarchs europe period exploration colonization charles spain louis xiv france absolute monarchs kings held power nations kinds power kings legislative power laws executive power means saw laws enforced carried judicial power means judged follow decisions broke laws course kings officials decisions carried judged lawbreakers officials backed king army officials soldiers answered king actions charles louis xiv realized able govern claims europe
spies working colonists side watched move british british loyalists americans faithful king track patriots spies general thomas gage british commander chief colonies knew sam adams john hancock found boston town called lexington knew patriots storing guns ammunition nearby town concord gage plans seize arms adams hancock patriots learned gage plan found date british planned swoop lexington arranged signal soon british left boston paul revere carry message tell coming british troops lexington concord revere patriot spy agreed british water show lanterns north church steeple land show lantern signal shortly midnight chilly april gage soldiers lexington short lanterns hung church tower british coming water revere william dawes boston left tell minutemen special group american volunteer soldiers promised answer delay call fight lexington revere found adams hancock helped escape daybreak sound drums brought seventy minutemen lexington village green redcoats captain john parker minutemen shouted don fire fired mean war let begin
americans generally pleased treaty peace known treaty paris gotten wanted hoped canada part nation wanted agree pay debts important points worked united states generous boundaries free nation congress ratified approved treaty january nation establishing war brought marked country caused fighting bad instance killed severely wounded homes farms businesses destroyed seen easily improved lived felt war caused act democratic officers soldiers sat campfires valley forge places trying warm freezing cold mattered officer equal war immigrants america result labor shortage employers longer fussy religion worker practiced born glad simply employee skills workers opportunities improve positions course things remained war haym salomon money finance american army hold public office jews
constitution written foundation government document withstood twenty amendments remarkable accomplishment considering vast occurred united states branch supreme court left mark meaning constitution role supreme court changed dramatically thought weakest branches government supreme court gained power today americans rely supreme court word matters related law court listens cases effect entire nation beginning october justices decide cases hear justices give opinion cases history place appeal request review issue supreme court decides law passed congress constitutional unconstitutional law agree constitution conflict constitution law unconstitutional supreme court rule law powerful check congress units law citizen present important case brought supreme court read cases carefully remember history reaching decisions court handed ready read greatest documents government written constitution printed dark type paraphrase help understand document parts constitution crossed longer effect owing passage amendment
americans natural waterways transport goods place boat forced sail current river impossible sure trip americans worked invention steamboat greatly aid river travel believed boat powered steam engines able move upstream readily strong current robert fulton clermont sailed hudson river york city albany age travel transport born needed faster means transportation land americans convinced steam engines move wagons faster land investors city baltimore began build railroad ohio river earth turned charles carroll surviving signer declaration independence merchants baltimore hoped railroad give faster cheaper service west railroad building going amount railroad track united states increased miles kilometers miles kilometers east coast joined land appalachian mountains iron rails revolutionary war south continued develop agricultural region southern planters grew crops rice sugar tobacco export europe demand products huge farms called plantations developed meet need southern planters believed cheapest form labor slave labor provided black women children owned
compromise stephen douglas bring question slavery territories knew anger caused drive north south farther douglas wanted president someday needed support southerners leader senate committee territories douglas introduced bill organizing territories kansas nebraska kansas nebraska act included idea popular sovereignty allowing settlers decide territory free slave part kansas nebraska act repealed missouri compromise forbidden slavery north north latitude stephen douglas thought northerners southerners welcome kansas nebraska act badly mistaken north furious act law angry opponents kansas nebraska act burned fake figures douglas northerners opposed act began form political groups met wisconsin set republican party republicans hoped free antislavery whigs democrats join favor slavery eager control kansas territory turned settlers actually owned slaves cared owning land elections held kansas proslavery forces won majority legislature partly proslavery missouri crossed border vote kansas kansas legislature began draw constitution planned ask congress kansas slave response antislavery settlers elected legislature governor drew antislavery constitution
abraham lincoln plan reconstruction south criticized immediately lincoln hoped find group confederate create loyal government northerners believed solution things easy south fiercest opposition congress members called radical republicans insisted congress president decide deal south war harsh treatment south eager help freed slaves willing forgive confederates south re entered union readily radical republicans feared quickly outnumbered congress laws tariff passed south union war repealed thaddeus stevens pennsylvania henry davis maryland leaders radical republicans house representatives charles sumner massachusetts benjamin wade ohio leaders senate punish south radicals harsh reconstruction plan radicals plan called wade davis bill required majority southern oath loyal united states remain future draw constitution banning slavery forbidding payment confederate debts constitution approved congress allowed elect senators representatives held office confederate government voluntarily fought union war vote hold office president disliked plan allow law
read period reform begun conditions cried remedy writers known muckrakers called attention wrong muckrakers named rake muck looking abuses business politics covered subjects including trusts city government drugs child labor violence black muckrakers articles increased demand reform populists worked change progressives took reform populists farms small towns progressives lived cities lawyers members clergy writers merchants politicians progressives saw need change levels government local level progressive reformers began upset urban political machines tom johnson reformer elected mayor cleveland able lower streetcar fares raise taxes paid railroads companies provided gas water electricity tom johnson mayor reformers called cleveland governed city country level reformers supported initiative referendum recall initiative steps law supporters sign petition presenting proposal legislature consider passing law referendum requires legislature bring vote laws hope pass vote yes bill law vote bill dead recall voters chance remove bad official office term finished
european countries tried protect forming alliances major alliances europe called triple alliance germany austria hungary italy italy later left alliance ottoman empire turkey joined alliance known central powers countries location central europe alliance called triple entente france russia britain alliance known allies allied powers find members alliances map page july archduke francis ferdinand heir throne austria hungary visit sarajevo small town capital bosnia province austria hungary controlled thirty bosnia unhappy austrian rule wanted part serbia neighboring country bosnia serbia shared common heritage language small group serbian patriots mingled crowd watching procession sarajevo suddenly patriots fired gun archduke killed government austria hungary insisted government serbia helped assassination austria hungary ultimatum set severe demands serbia serbia response unacceptable austria hungary war serbia immediately russia serbia ally mobilized army serbia assistance austria hungary asked ally germany help fight russian army germany mobilized army declared war serbia russia declared war france france ally russia
focused hopes getting rich mainly york stock exchange stock market stock market place shares stock companies bought sold buy stocks hope prices rise want buy sell prices shares rise happens basically feel hopeful future want sell buy stock prices drop happens unsure fearful future holds late americans speculators stock market bought sold stocks quick profit began greater risks stock market risky practice buying stock margin form credit person buy worth stock cash payment balance borrowed broker person handling stock broker held stock cover loan stock amount loan stock dropped broker call margin broker stockholder pay difference stock rapidly falling stock prices bring dangerous situation case brokers call margin thousands investors forty percent buying stock buying margin gambling stock prices rising created paper fortunes buying margin
divided countries countries developing countries terrible famine took place africa famine shortage food results widespread hunger starvation rain crops grow thousands died food eat southeast asia countries difficulty raising food wars revolutions contrast fertile land modern agricultural technology enable american farmers grow food united states need farmers united states produce eleven percent wheat sixteen percent meat united states produced half corn grown corn grown countries feed united states corn fed livestock meat products cheaper feed grain products corn meat united states fortunate americans afford eat meat united states exports surplus food countries war ii united states farm technology foreign countries government specialists traveled countries advise farming methods taught countries ways soil shown insect sprays fertilizers important kinds crops help raise yield food farmers countries greatly increased production grains
america approaches twenty century walks working prepare nation meet requirements age important requirement maintaining american cities convenient exciting places live american city unique things city history industry location climate services case thing cities common change cities constantly creating needs problems past decades developments american society greatly affected cities effects backbone american cities industry worldwide industrial competition grew american industries suffered hard hit manufacturers automobiles shoes steel electronic goods sales american products slipped companies closed plants workers lost jobs cities north midwest felt cutbacks foreign competition cities north midwest competition sun belt northern industries textile industry moved south attracted lower costs land labor taxes energy workers moved south attracted job opportunities cities lost industry tax revenues decreased costs running cities remained high inflation costs increased meet costs cities raise taxes higher taxes resulted flight factories cheaper locations northern midwestern cities found army unemployed empty deteriorating industrial buildings cities money services education highway maintenance mass transit
supreme court upheld decision illinois judge myra woman apply practice law denied license destiny women wrote justice joseph bradley fulfill noble offices wife mother today american women lawyers sandra connor woman serve nation highest court supreme court connor grew ranch arizona sixteen finished high school ready college later graduated class stanford university california soon found law firms hiring women secretaries connor persistent soon found job deputy county attorney san mateo california husband john lawyer lived worked germany opened law firm spent caring couple sons connor ready full job law assistant attorney general arizona connor appointed fill vacancy senate elected terms beginning connor elected majority leader woman majority leader legislature despite success senate connor longed return practice law won seat judge county superior court later appointed arizona court appeals connor sees job role judge interpret law
walked slowly garages sun high blue sky clear cool feeling excitement air hundred grandstands watching drivers cars waved called chuck hunt chuck raised hand smiled stay chuck laughed call car stay car inside garage working cars chuck looked car carefully wheels low sleek white car wheels stopped car red number think exclaimed chuck beautiful car pick wheels matter cars number looks winner comes pit boss wheels chuck hunt bill bill chuck shook hands ago bill helped needed mechanic winning car fine pit boss wheels thanks chuck wheels smiling chuck looked watch going looking fellows trials
wheels walked slowly track standing wall watching cars wheels took deep breath smell burning fuel air roar big engines music watched drivers shot past straightaway turn end track hit hundred exclaimed turned looked wheels carefully re wheels wheels white heard white re rookie call wheels laughed rookie show drive track seen lot gentlemen guess seen drivers heard try hope win coming hoping hit place coming asked wheels white replied fisher opened track saw guess oldest wheels looked face deeply lined blue eyes clear bright
pit talking quietly white wheels garage look exclaimed joe green wheel big wheels laughing swinging garage called drivers walked crew white looked quickly stood grinning boys baby ready asked ready wheels replied bill test later wheels wait wheels walked garage looked clear track cars moving bright sun flashed sleek metal cars rookie starting line driver finish wheels turning bill called pit boss roll white rolled official talked wheels white rookie test run parts part turn ten laps average speed ten laps ten laps average speed fourth drop mile average speed turn miles average turn clear
dripping drip drip drip funny smell wheels tell floating floating tried move arms heavy heard voice knew wheels re fine voice bill slowly wheels opened eyes white walls floating floating white dream drip drip drip coming voice wheels shook head raised hands felt face yes head felt float body quickly ran hands body legs move faces spinning shook head faces stopped moving saw chuck bill wheels friend re going chuck happened matter exclaimed wheels tried sit relax wheels bill re re bed fellow think stay bit longer wrong asked wheels wrong chuck hunt laughed big bump hard head cuts leg wheels sat
door room opened stepped talked wheels drivers test looked worried tired saw wheels sitting smiled gentlemen asked wheels white worried today say don wheels shook hands joe baker want tell drove fine race today didn tell twenty ago drove indianapolis joe baker wheels joe baker remember drove baker sixth race drove wasn lucky today wall fuel blew let race wasn didn want race badly burned race wonder re baker chuck wheels don want give wheels baker driver needs clear head control hope voice door
coach says carl joseph field pound tackle born left leg high school played game carl played football basketball brothers sisters believes legs players team treat want sure proud don want big deal wears artificial leg playing field wear field high school rule carl line leans teammate play starts throws player team lined strong coach idea strong head coach bell decided let carl team seeing play basketball played basketball summer sure wasn going hurt bell pretty easy playing beat pretty bad don legs
stopping kid brother eric excited idea lately zip code crazy decided divide apartment zip code zones asked reason write home answer start writing eric divided room apartment zones real zip code added numbers kitchen table zone bathroom zone eric started writing letters sending letters stopped talking write note address proper zip code deliver decided stop zip code madman missed talking kid wrote asked wanted play baseball hand delivered note wrote reply didn give waited waited answer didn say eric didn say word proud break rules days later delivered note mail slow wink talking home large leather mail sack thrown saddle horse pony express rider took mail halfway country mail carrier job true test courage
felt foolish sitting music shop window practicing piano say let explain folks moved smaller apartment overcrowded furniture mom asked mrs baker music shop owner store piano sold furniture room mom wouldn hear practicing asked mrs baker shop play found practicing piano window baker music shop piano beat store loved anyway started play forgot feeling silly street watched left shop stopped glance piano window surprise mrs baker posted sign front piano read play beat piano eyes arrow pointed brand piano display mine heard drum talk lived parts africa hear drums constantly beat drums tell holiday wedding village drums beat messages village
dr martinez put false smile entered janet hospital room couldn let janet worried searching janet illness found clue feeling today dr martinez asked patient janet replied felt terribly uncomfortable doctor attempted janet mind health talking janet vacation lake dr martinez couldn mind conversation wondering wrong patient suddenly janet words interrupted dr martinez thoughts vacation perfect food meal ate especially awful dr martinez quickly snapped conversation janet eat meal janet recalled yesterday think discovered problem dr martinez left hours later dr martinez answer janet food ate ill re suffering food poisoning wrong care problem bend deep breath gulp water seconds hundreds tips hiccups hiccups mysterious don start stop favorite cure case hiccups think scare
lanes purposes correct lanes traffic passing turning ordinary driving drive lane smoothest flow traffic smooth driving distance drivers helps save money gas lanes going direction middle lane lanes smoothest left lane drivers want faster pass turn left lane drivers slower entering turning road road lanes direction lane generally smoothest traffic flow roads special left turn lanes intersections helps traffic moving smoothly directions general pass left passing dangerous drivers don expect cars side difficult driver allowed pass car passing making left turn room lanes move direction car passing left lane street highway marked lanes traffic move direction pass don toot horn driver assume left pull safest turn crossing lanes traffic rules help start lane closest want turning left start left lane turning start lane turn lane closest lane
bicycles horseback riders roads require exercise special care approaching tips horn startle horse cyclist causing veer path approach slow give wide berth making turns watch carefully bicycles direction going children riding bicycles sidewalk driveways expect road law driver vehicle business residential area emerging alley driveway building stop vehicle immediately prior driving sidewalk sidewalk area extending alley driveway yield vehicles approaching roadway vehicle entering public highway private road driveway wait main road clear highway watch case forgets rule suddenly enters traffic private road stop lines drawn roadway distance corner give pedestrians walkway front stopped cars car protrude past stop lines halted intersection driver vehicle approaching intersection stop lights signs grant intersections vehicles approaching vehicles arriving intersections approximately directed traffic officer rule makes simple decide mean grab question safe driver says fellow
adjust seat high road sliding seat forward raise low seat cushion don move seat forward steer properly short blocks pedals adjust rearview mirror side mirror start heavy traffic need won adjust guard glare headlights cars night mirror sure correct position start harder things night daytime things help high beams oncoming cars high beams let low beams important high beams unfamiliar roads construction areas side road dim lights block oncoming car dim lights car low beams fog snow heavy rain light high beams reflect glare driver comes high beams flash lights quickly couple times dimmer switch fails dim lights look side road blinded car headlights able edge lane stay course car passes try driver keeping bright lights blinded
re shape handle emergency wearing seat belts shoulder straps wear seat belt chances coming collision alive chances times wearing seat belt shoulder strap thrown car chances surviving crash times greater stay inside protection car slow body car wearing seat belt shoulder strap collision happens car stops going speed traveling hit dashboard windshield mph hitting ground top story building seat belts shoulder straps help driver control car moving seat sudden stops turns wheel matter happens control car slide wheel struck side impact push seat belts straps position control car help stay alert keeping drive help getting tired cutting effort needed body seat car bounces turns seat belts shoulder straps things buckled buckle emergency happens start car
drinking involved half accidents killed die drinking related accidents drink chances accident times greater completely sober drink drive safely matter driving drivers affected experienced drivers think think clearly clear head alcohol enters stomach goes blood parts body reaches brain minutes brain alcohol affects parts control judgment skill decreases trouble judging distances speeds movement cars finally trouble controlling car dangerous thing alcohol judgment thing judgment important driving case judgment helps stop drinking judgment affected don sunburn feel late drinking set limit advance stick plan drink control effects space drinks don drink drink hour spacing drinks keeps alcohol building blood drinking mix drinks put ounce cocktail alcohol drinks drink mixing watch pour eat food food stomach slows fast alcohol blood
emotions effect driving drive worried excited afraid angry emotions hard control tips angry excited give cool short walk kick telephone pole stay road calmed worried try mind listen radio easier listen try mind problems impatient type give extra leave minutes early tend speed shave traffic lights things traffic ticket crash connecticut receive reports drivers police courts concerning motor vehicle violations accidents history reports driver computerized system informs driver improvement analysts drivers records show multiple violations multiple accidents driver improvement analysts review records summon drivers hearings warn consequences similar actions re examined suspend driving privilege information received public doctors insurance companies states national driver register action review investigation connecticut safety conscious national reputation taking job controlling drivers seriously violations result license suspension receipt notice conviction
katherine skating ten figure skating free skating figure skaters pass tests order qualify olympic level competitions hoping pass test love performing hoping grow able ice show john curry style skating ballet ice started skating parents loved skating rink easier getting baby sitter fun skating love center saturday mornings center pretty especially christmas tree lit tree lighting ceremony special exhibition st ann episcopal school brooklyn heights live academic subjects science math english history latin latin favorite schedule arranged leave early plenty skating don gym exercise week skate hours ballet class home noon quick lunch ready rink skate sky rink largest indoor rink york city soon inside sign patch ice practise figures called patching session lasts forty minutes
barre lounge warm ten minutes ice ladies locker room put skates lacing takes lot practise exactly pull laces tight instep loosen bit bend forward important tuck lace ends don trip figure skating means able execute kinds figures ice blade skate forty figures takes practise able ten forty based circles edges blade direction diameter circle supposed times body length re tested able lay figures help re learning practising helps lay scribe scribe trace circle ice big compass point end scribing check circles laid matter figure push called center circles meet forget push toe pick shouldn makes center messy judges don
body positioning important figure skating look feet front re going drop head look throws body balance practically mold body position feel stand skate perfect circle hard draw perfect circle pencil foot skates correct wrong watches eye tracings biggest problem figures pressing ice making firm tracing tend wobble tracings wiggles tracings light lie ice says going put weights ankles won tummy cold john curry spend lot practising school figures course figures lot complicated mine won olympic gold medal britain figures especially high scores end session patch holes toe picks resurface ice free skate session big truck called named famous skater blades bottom scrape ice lays sheet water smooth finish
policeman struggling crowd turk front crowd cops asked going tell answered looked wondered saw shot question began ring head sonny gonna tell em bleeding dirty floor fish chips joint turk standing doorway hoping die tell cops turk ask felt hell yeah thought gonna tell em hours passed ambulance finally arrived mama wanted hospital ambulance attendant excited harlem hospital cop riding asked dad say answer typical told hanging bad ass boys cop surprised rookie thought mama bedside telling prayed lord told going live mama friends wanted donate blood hospital accept narcotics users worst situations tube nose pit stomach fed intravenously drain side
think relatives mrs rogers family danny escaped church june mrs rogers daughters playing tune upright piano danny sisters banging cymbals mumbling jesus trance rogers shaking tambourine singing jesus faraway look eyes mrs rogers dressed white robe started preaching mrs rogers preaching fifteen minutes lady started screaming shouting help lord jesus throwing arms shouting jesus help younger woman jumped hollered precious lord jesus save mrs rogers voice getting louder hours preached hours getting shouting jumping calling jesus help salvation falling exhausted holy rollers dad called fall floor start trembling rapidly began asked mama wrong floor told spirit hit heard began cry wanted spirit hit mrs rogers rolling floor slobbering babbling talking lord held hand tight told repeatedly walk lord fear jesus saying brother say yes jesus yes jesus calmed mrs rogers saved
going york danny butch kid thought margie glad missed missed missed grace maybe pimp grace prettiest girl met love grace class mrs newton introduced rest graders nice girl pretty dress told glad grace lifted eyes floor mrs newton introduced looked scared shy hard tell anyway didn look pretty bother girls class beaten didn girls lot fun beating chasing home school chased grace home didn beat pulled grabbed neck ran hat stopped chasing girls home chased grace home grace didn school rosalind girls chase beat asked didn chase home told wasn pretty grace mess wasn going chase punch mouth chance
lying bed thinking night felt crazy fallen love nicest lady knew reason decided didn hate mrs meitner husband wished germans killed wished married architect architect knew eyes brighter light deeper didn hate husband couldn part happiness hated hitler letting stay happy thinking mrs holding album real tight standing holding memories happy times real tight seen pictures don think earlier evening knew liked lot wanted friend decided knew liked paint costumes painted spent watching floyd saks paint night going mind seen floyd painted portrait felix cat wicked sorcerer gave mrs meitner painted paintings guys saw painting believed mrs meitner knew painted liked mattered
told real big brownsville wanted turn turn thought hip things knew wasn horse feel bad horse wanted turn show knew high started scheming thinking maybe steal infirmary didn knew medicine white dollar streets capsule didn look infirmary lot guys stealing kinds caps white powder infirmary horse cats getting sick stuff snorting white caps guinea pig guinea pig teddy snort harlem heard lot horse ready try move think feeling move stop smoking reefers stop drinking wine start getting high snorting horse horse making bend making itch nod talk heavier voices sound real gangster real cat wanted sound
say claude don love mother say yeah house gotta stay wit em father cat kick ass gon war house gonna die papanek look sad disappointed say bad don think mean talk talk talk talk cat saying didn mean give kinds plans getting father saying nice things talking wasn tired papanek didn father nigger hell devil talk cat real stable crazy papanek knew going papanek wasn office upset bothering told bothering talk regardless talked feel didn tell papanek bothering didn think understand someplace called austria figured wasn colored person country coming harlem growing going expect things soon expected kill nigger mistreated rock bubba williams
air sucked saved gave strength raise head arm pull look directly ahead lay wagon turned side beneath protruded leg wagon dizzily turned head smashed keg held water soaked ground flour spilled lay horse dead looks arrow sticking king david stared arrow wondered arrow hurt bad tell turned looked left kegs boxes tools scattered lay women boy lay positions raised height dropped broke died fell slowly king david bent knees pulled feet gray hickory shirt smeared dirt blood black woolen britches ma twelfth birthday week left arm head lain raised hand chest face head yes high forehead ragged tear skin loose flap skin hair hanging loose tell thick sticky clots blood matted sandy hair streaked sunburned bony face tried scalp aloud silence didn
crept overturned wagon left sister queen sheba looked king david ma want ma king david dreaded moment sister ask mother queen sheba knew cry ma pa tell eased pile quilts rested head hurt bad bad queen sheba tell attacked sioux think heard yell remember wagons gestured stopped nooning coming walking ahead git dust ma let ride looks indians hit wagons took managed git think tracks indians chasing guess maybe wounded killed won king david shut eyes careful thought answered let hope wasn going happen sit die waiting hoping queen sheba count pa able means hurt say aloud thing exploding inside head dead lot hurt maybe dying wagons run try fort laramie
moment let picture ma pa lean hardened hands faces bodies stringy struggle hard times faced trouble face mad dog poison snake fighting hand staying feet breath strength left expect stared queen sheba sitting dumpy defiant plate cornmeal untouched remember told baby family strong age carry wood water feed chickens hoe corn queen sheba carefully sick cook afraid start fire eat cornmeal strength eat ma fix corn want nice hot queen sheba set tin plate ground stared defiantly king david clenched fist let fall queen sheba stubborn willful pushed harder pushed hungry eat raw cornmeal want shoe king david shoe relieved face lesser problem king david looked sister bare foot shoe stocking foot left stocking stuffed pocket doubt raiders struck sitting rock taking shoes constantly didn wearing shoes awful confusion dead bodies smashed wagons search find shoe
peered eyes liquid deep brown dark pools center expressive laughter sadness noticed tuck lately mother asked mean sick knowledge offhand thought glanced acacia trees deep lot doves roosted cooing hours drop yard peck tuck chased rousing fun fair game catching fly scatter terrified bounding dog deep bark loved maybe months earlier doves suddenly turned defiant noticed begun parade backyard noticed tuck wasn going anymore maybe bored thought maybe doves knew didn didn want think quit chasing doves mother laugh hollow don means maybe lazy heat sighed door stood moment staring shook head inside thinking crazy thing happened morning took tuck regular afternoon walk humid paying special attention
child lived west cheltenham drive aging montclair park section los large comfortable story white clapboard house built orange groves blue skies skyblue upstairs spacious bedrooms including mine baths claw footed tubs wonderful attic spent looking father south dakota family minnesota built house basement rarity southern california downstairs living room wide brick fireplace den fireplace bookshelves dining room roomy kitchen looked backyard kitchen built ironing board cooler cupboard owners potatoes vegetables fine house grow dog manicured lawns front mother grew flowers beds bordered white board fence feet high encircled backyard driveway lay entire west side house ending car garage driveway father red mg honking bright october afternoon early half high winds early fall rain chased smog los basin remember leaving city unusually bright clear east hollywood hills santa monica mountains sharp horizon thirty father eased halt feet garage climbed elaborately carrying light gold color weeks weaned proud maid marian won dozen national show ribbons pup squirming fat sausage creamy yellow labrador
tuck bad days ribbons expensive norwegian wool sweater mother put dry shade ripped plants normal puppy happenings mind understand dudley pink confirmed enlarged cover half nose making mottled black pink wasn shocking pink pinkish tuck entered dog shows win ribbons bothered confirmed tiny smile thought seen face pup smile baby gas pains enlarged friendly human face approaching tuck rewarded genuine smile dancing front paws soon team dog dudley nose wide smile dancing feet couldn wait home school knowing park friend house walk blocks bordered school hours home stayed peacefully yard pestering doves hemmed fence learned jump begun develop habits sleeping special places indoors awakening morning special putting paw shoving didn respond room arouse mother located cookie jar kitchen sat expectantly soon home school eat cookie wide wide fire bushes
bunch kids coke school corner want added colin kind jumped inside maybe friends liked level looked sober faced remembered place couldn home lead deedee map mom drawn place hung discover glorified baby sitter thanks lot maybe sounded brusque meaning wanted bad couldn looked thoughtfully nodded turned final kind felt rotten watching walk bad known peoria pete nursemaid label stuck top moving place worry lot things making friends staying trouble fun lot painting artwork secret going tease attempt colin seeing babysitting deedee friends turned wasted effort herded girls block house saw colin walking street church brownstone wearing loaded backpack worn school figured home deedee friends exactly loud shrill
realize wasn kitten full grown cat later home dad weighed bathroom scale fifteen pounds deedee arms aching home didn complain blonde girl braids told cat turn reached house girl walked past turning look wave couple times mom answer doorbell house front entrances door ground level iron gate encloses tiny front yard entrance fancier huge double door top high brownstone stoop opens front hall mom calls parlor floor mom unpacking idea ran stoop took chance big front door lucky mom close deedee pretty mom mom rounded deedee straight scarf tied head smudge dirt cheek mom looked smile tightened annoyance saw look mama deedee quickly cat beautiful mom mouth opened shut sound coming tell tried deedee bringing cat home quietly congratulations peter told couldn protested mom looked thoughtfully shrugged fairness lost rounds deedee give benefit doubt
stunned moved deedee appeared top steps deedee famous house quick study repeat kid known answer questions finish deedee eyes round mouth tightened straight line mom angry didn give guys verse threw book satchel shot stairs skinny legs told hal legs showed instant beating fists kicking shins fast hard busy trying defend hold screaming finally caught arm big deedee weighs caught threw worthless luckily staggered backward guy caught held kicking flailing arm length maybe mad fight moment understood meant red charged blindly stairs hal hopping yelling grabbed shoulder pinned car parked curb let face balled fist felt hot stickiness nose grabbed pulled trying shake realized quiet sudden guys sort stiffened frozen poses
screwdrivers named type screw designed turn standard screwdriver turn standard screws slot screwhead screwhead select clutch head screwdriver turning clutch head screws clutch head screw tightened high torque screwdriver slipping screwhead recessed clutch head screws striker plates addition hinges latches dash trim fastened clutch head screws choose phillips screwdriver turn phillips screws intersecting shaped slots tend center blade tip screwdriver prevent tip slipping screwhead damaging nearby painted surface feature makes phillips screws popular fastening automotive trim reed prince screwdriver drive cross slotted screws shaped screwhead slots screw flat head fastening automotive interior trim select offset screwdrivers turning screws places insufficient space screwhead stubby screwdriver offset screwdriver handle swung degree arc screwhead choose screw starter start screws located places hard reach screwdriver starting screws loosening tightening screw starters especially ignition jobs dashboard important select proper type size screwdriver blade tip fits screw slot snugly figure blade tip proper thickness width damage screw slot force needed drive screw
hammers striking tools effect jarring blow produced hammer depends skill technician familiar hammer types select light tapping striking heavy blows hammers identified material weight head groups steel soft face heads steel face hammers figure high grade alloy steel drop forged heat treated suitable degree hardness ball peen hammer generally slightly rounded convex striking surface face end opposite face called peen hole eye hammerhead tapered ends hold head firmly handle wedge driven head end handle ball peen hammer ten weights ranging ounces pounds cross peen hammers weights pounds wedge shaped peen extends entire hammerhead width sledge engineer hammers weights pounds popular automotive field pound model inch handle pound heavy duty model inch handle figure soft face hammers figure surface yields strikes object plastic tip hammer soft face head weighing pounds head diameters range inch inches replaceable plastic tips degrees hardness brass headed hammers soft faces weigh pounds
hacksaws cut bar stock pipe tubing bolts cap screws metals automotive service hacksaw types sizes blade differs hardness number teeth factor consider choosing correct cutting tool main parts hacksaw frame blade frame adjustment blade length provision blade plastic unbreakable handle standard hacksaws illustrated figure standard adjustable frame locks position hold blades inches depending design frame maximum cutting depth inches adjustable hacksaws blade installed horizontal vertical position cutting edge blade points positions axis blades mounted angled pins fastened sliding attachment frame junior hacksaw low design figure blade inches capable making cuts inch deep jab saw figure blade extended retracted hollow handle feature broken blades discarded keyhole saw inch tapered blade illustrated figure blade taper permits sawing holes small diameters hacksaw blades carbon tool steel tungsten alloy steel molybdenum high speed steel blades inch wide inch thick inches blade length determined center center distance attaching holes
socket drive handles included complete socket sets convenience interchangeable handles greatly increased popularity socket sets sockets drive handles assembled form combinations capable reaching turning nut bolt automobile high quality socket drive handles forged accurate dies machined heat treated plating polishing drive handles steel plastic gripping surfaces smooth knurled depending application flex handles known nut hinged handles square drive head attached handle hinge figure hinged drive head permits handle operated angles flex handles feature friction device spring loaded ball engages notches square drive head keeps head swinging freely selection handle head angles length flex handles varies form inches depending drive size lengths drive size internal mechanism figure permits turn sockets direction head spring loaded pawl engages teeth gear pulling handle direction pawl engage gear teeth turn socket handle pulled opposite direction pawl rides teeth clicking noise heard means provided reverse direction drive small lever flips left button press shifter rotate
impact wrenches speed nut bolt turning automotive disassembly assembly operations impact wrenches entirely replace hand wrenches definite need impact wrenches powered air pneumatic electricity force hammer blow provide torque direction applied torque reversed amount torque delivered direction models air electric impact wrenches perform light medium heavy duty methods retain sockets square drive impact wrench figure popular design employs spring loaded projecting steel ball square drive ball fits notch socket similar method socket drive handles methods lock ring socket retainer end square drive expands inside socket impact wrenches larger drive sizes pin fits socket square spline drive retained ring air powered impact drivers figure popular initial cost simple maintenance trouble free operation heavy duty model delivers foot pounds torque automotive service impact wrenches inch larger square drive sizes inch square drive model weighs pounds popular automotive applications load air impact wrenches deliver impacts minute turning loose fastener impacts delivered air consumption inch drive model ranges cubic feet air minute
select feeler gage standard flat blades automotive measuring jobs checking side clearance piston rings ring top groove inch feeler blade penetrate groove depth penetrates deeper piston replaced feeler gage checking ring end gap clearance cylinder bore valve tappet clearance small engines crankshaft fore oil pump gear rotor housing clearance connecting rod side clearance stepped feeler gage gage convenient saves checking clearance tolerance stepped feeler gage check clearance inch inch stepped gage blade tip inch clearance gap inch section inch strip feeler gage check clearance engine pistons cylinder walls parts room temperature exact procedure shop service manuals involves spring scale reads pounds kilograms inch strip feeler gage inserted brake drum backing plate slot check lining drum clearance special brake feeler gage shown figure purpose narrow check piston clearances wheel caliper master cylinders select inch strip gage check retracting clearance lining pad disc brake rotor
tubing steel copper aluminum plastic frequently automobile tubing connections flare type flare connection single lap double lap single lap flare thickness tubing spread outward angle short distance double lap flare thicknesses tubing spread outward folded stronger connection figure angle tubing flare automotive applications degrees industrial tubing degree flare type flare connection flared portion tubing squeezed flare nut coupling fitting internal threads figure flare nut coupling matching angles provide liquid airtight seal tubing defective replaced hydraulic brake line replacements standard lengths feet need cut length flared pressures reach psi pounds square inch steel tubing double walled hydraulic brake power steering metallic lines pressures copper tubing stretch rupture flaring tools manufactured high quality tool steel popular models flare tubing od diameter inch methods clamping tubing tool model shown figure pivots end open easy access placing tubing die bars die bars tightened wing nuts
typical automotive exhaust system exhaust gas travels engine exhaust manifold thermal reactor exhaust pipe gases carried exhaust pipe catalytic converter muffler systems include resonator muffler quiets exhaust gases pass muffler discharged atmosphere tail pipe component parts exhaust system connected welded swaged plain joints exhaust gas emitted engine hot moist highly corrosive makes difficult separate remove exhaust system parts exhaust system servicing business highly competitive specially designed tools repair efficient profitable tools exhaust system pipes removed quickly damaging adjacent parts exhaust tail pipe tools designs cutting chiseling separating expanding tool forged steel tool steel aluminum exhaust tail pipe cutters shown figure feature sharp circular cutting wheels cut pipes large inches diameter cutters adjustment size tightness handles provide adequate leverage rotating cutter typical exhaust system hand chisels illustrated figure chisel handles offset gain clearance needed holding tool chisel shapes permit tools places head chisels point cutting edge quickly spreads separates exhaust system parts tail pipe extractor figure separate exhaust tail pipes mufflers
automobiles periodic safety inspections vehicle safety check performed steering system receive critical inspection steering system component loose shows signs wear component serviced replaced puller required servicing steering system steering parts press taper fit insure tightness steering system needed tool designed job proper puller steady powerful pressure applied effective place permits job completed quickly damaging adjacent parts hammer chisel punch substitute proper puller steering system manufactured high quality tool steel able withstand severe strain steering system fine threaded nf forcing screw puller adjustable inside pulling jaws adjustable solid fixed pulling jaws yoke provision pulling bolts thread commonly steering wheel puller shown figure bolts length diameter pitch needed thread pulling bolt diameters frequently inch steering shaft thread protectors included puller forcing screw pointed flat end contact pitman arm solid adjustable jaws figure illustrates solid jaws fit pitman arms adjustable style shown figure jaws pressure screw heavy duty withstand extreme pressure required difficult pull tie rod removing tools puller pressure screw figure forked wedge figure
bench grinders nearly automotive repair shop applications laborsaving device bench grinder cleaning shaping brushing buffing sharpening twist drills chisels tool bits small tools bench grinder wheels revolve high rpm avoid personal injury considerable skill adjusting tool rest spark deflector changing wheels holding grinding wheel bench grinders basically electric motor mounted metal base fastens workbench base mounting holes corners armature shaft spindle projects ends electric motor grinding wheels mounted ends shaft shaft sizes inch depending grinder size grinding wheel guards mounted motor enclose wheel exposed portion front feature protects operator flying abrasive particles ground metal guard ends removed change grinding wheels lower section rear guard outlet connection dust collecting system cross sectional view typical grinder shown figure shafts project motor shoulders act stop correctly position grinding wheel shaft end threaded short distance accept wheel clamping nuts side shaft facing grinder hand threads left side threaded left hand nuts safeguard prevent wheels loosening starting driving force grinding wheel provided tool rest held steadied grinding
bench grinders eye shields standard equipment addition eye shields highly recommended provide personal safety grinding lighting poor grinder mounted select illuminated eye shields standard eye shields separate lamp mount grinder pedestal bench space limited pedestal grinder supported desired height obstructions considerable individual abrasive particles grinding wheel dull bonding pores clog metal foreign matter occurs select dressing tools clean sharpen wheel figure shows grinding wheel dressing coarse dressing star dresser pointed cutters tool quickly removes dull abrasive grains foreign matter clogging wheel face dress wheel able produce smoother finish select dresser corrugated cutting wheel choose abrasive wheel dresser produce grinding wheel face clean smooth free dressing wheel marks highly accurate finish diamond dresser wire wheels bench portable grinders bench grinder wire wheel installed side grinder wire wheel replacement diameter width compatible grinder size wire wheel large rub wheel guard causing motor slow wire wheel installed manner grinding wheel rectangular tool rest require slight outward adjustment accommodate wire wheel size
determine battery needs charging large small hydrometer obtain extremely specific gravity readings large hydrometer noting float temperature readings follow directions temperature compensating calculate specific gravity select small tester making quick checks hot cold batteries readings accurate charge levels smaller tester convenient carry easy read temperature calculations unnecessary choose battery filler add water battery low electrolyte level simplest filler syringe style requires refills level checks accomplish task eliminate tiresome procedure select automatic fill model select battery pliers loosen terminal nuts turned box open end wrench nuts corroded rounded undersize pliers greatest jaw angle obstructions remove battery cable terminals stuck damaging battery case post special designed task jaw puller difficult cases battery posts terminals cleaned periodically major tune ups corrosion appears wire brush tool adequate situations cleaning neglected severe corrosion cleaners projecting cutters cutting edge select terminal clean widen opening terminal clamps removed tool designed battery terminal clamp bolt nut widening opening terminal clamp clamp attached farther post shown figure
stud diameter height considered selecting stud removing installing tool installed stud protrude minimum inch tool attached removing stud apply penetrating oil positioning tool grasp stud section figure turn removing tool counterclockwise socket drive handle attached extension reinstall studs chasing internal external threads thread restoring tools unit thread applying oil sealer required stud remover size unavailable thread nuts stud jam lock figure turn lower nut unscrew stud upper nut install excessive force loosen stud twist stud stuck apply additional penetrating oil allow penetrate threads nut screwed flush stud end struck sharp taps hammer careful judging force avoid damage method involves application heat small propane torch heat part stud threaded heat damage part method carefully controlled existing fire hazard quick jerk wrench handle loosen stud steady pressure finally try turning stud direction loosen spend loosen stud nut twisting stud method try
air hammer applications unlimited automotive servicing air hammer sufficient capacity satisfactorily accomplish special requirements arise select heavy duty model front suspension loosening tapered studs ball joints tie rod ends cutting punching ball joint retaining rivets job accomplished air hammer accomplished faster model rated heavy duty choose light medium duty model quickly remove frozen nuts automotive parts shock absorbers exhaust systems additional applications include removing installing replaceable type valve guides driving universal joint bearing retaining cups yokes scraping undercoating operating air hammers increased special air pressure regulator filter air line discussed previous units select proper tool bit determining task requirement sets general purpose specific applications air hammer sets special purpose tool bits designed automotive area front suspension exhaust system body special ajax chuck tool bits figure rotating standard tool bits problems ajax tool bits inserted positions fit special chuck proper tool bit retainer selection depends intended tool usage beehive spring chosen general purpose tasks chisels punches offers tool bit retention tool bit anticipated working end tool bit large slide beehive spring quick change spring
eye injuries eliminated selecting proper protective devices choose standard safety glasses preferably side shields eye protection needs wear safety goggles obtain complete eye protection angles wrap design protects flying particles produced grinding chiseling punching falling dirt knocked loose working car foreign dangerous objects air conditioning refrigerant face shields protect entire face grinding select extension light additional illumination needed servicing operation extension lights underwriters laboratory ul approval seal sure safe construction light area exclusively choose model rolls retracting reel mounted wall ceiling caution outlet handle extension light absolutely power tool overload overheat electrical cord danger electrical shock plug inserted handle outlet partially dislodged reasons extension lights feature outlets handle lead power tool reach wall socket select special heavy duty wire extension cord supply electricity standard creeper cars low medium height car safety stands place tall safety stands removing automatic transmission car hoist creeper adjustable advantageously creeper transport parts weighing pounds short distances parts carefully
cabinetmaking key wood working basic skills knowledge needed wood carry title cabinetmaker fig look description cabinet makers able perform hand machine operations lay cut shape assemble prepared parts high quality products furniture cabinets store fixtures office equipment home furniture study drawings products lay outline dimension parts stock specifications operate woodworking machines radial arm saw circular saw band saw jointer cut shape parts fig bore holes installing screws dowels hand machine add glue parts clamp insert nails dowels screws joints reinforce glue fit assemblies parts form completed units smooth surfaces scrapers sandpaper install hardware hinges catches drawer pulls think cabinetmaker specialized woodworker laboriously builds piece furniture hand tools hand controlled machine tools fig occupation adversely affected mass production cabinetmaking increasingly important finish carpenter patternmaker boat builder today fewer persons employed strictly cabinetmakers closely field carpentry largest skilled trade united states employing million carpentry types rough carpentry finish carpentry let look finish carpenters
wood remarkable raw material thousands cabinetmaking wood simple substance study reveals ways unusual complicated natural materials fig characteristics wood properties valuable wood wood countless tiny tubular cells cemented solidly wood adhesive lignin fig tubes cells form sort plumbing system supplying chemical materials nourish processes tree walls tubes provide strength tree trunk general tubes run trunk produce grain cut surfaces edges lumber tree largest plant found nature fig roots anchor ground absorb water dissolving minerals nitrogen cells transport food roots help hold soil erosion tree trunk produces bulk wood supports crown bushy part tree includes twigs leaves cross section log cut tree trunk shown fig parts function follows outer bark shield protects tree fire insects disease fig dead corky part varies thickness kind tree age part bark called phloem living material cells carry food sap leaves downward feed branches trunk roots
volume production lumber wood products maple ranks fourth hardwoods found remarkable range everyday items hardness superior strength fine grain makes excellent flooring combination walnut floors inlaid floors geometric designs acoustical properties maple manufacture pianos stringed instruments maple bread boards meat servers similar kitchen wooden ware countless american homes recreation croquet mallets balls indian clubs bowling pins billiard cues commonly maple birch tones grain patterns widely doors floors wall paneling kitchen cabinet manufacturers partial birch maple woods strength daily wear clear smooth grain takes natural painted finishes maple birch furniture lowest priced painted pieces high priced designs furniture cost affected wood craftsmanship construction standards finishing techniques maple birch stand ordinary household gluing maple birch cabinetwork difficult softer porous woods survive high humidity hand solid woods relied shape humid climates solid doors table tops softer woods likely warp birch maple furniture presents problems care upkeep today tough sturdy finishes protect wood wear tear periodic wiping damp soaped cloth monthly treatments paste spray wax luster bright
frequently responsibility employed cabinetmaker finish carpenter estimate total cost producing piece furniture cabinetwork larger cabinet shops fixture manufacturers full employees called estimators specialize accurate estimates job based known costs standard formulas expert judgments main factors considered materials labor combined overhead profit experience include items cost product build student considers cost materials materials estimate allow cost materials actually product added amount waste spoilage pieces built machined wrong similar cost increasing factors estimate ways method based actual cost materials supplier total added fixed percentage cent waste similar items method simply higher figure actual cost board square linear foot higher unit price takes account things waste spoilage labor cost include actual amount hour paid worker items social security tax pension fund allotment supervisory labor total cost hour ranges cent worker wages employed worker forget hidden labor costs overhead refers fixed costs running business includes buildings machines utilities office expenses things
larger jointers knife grinding attachment detachable part machine knives ground removing machine smaller machines knives entire cutterhead removed grinding surfacer grinding attachment machine grinding jointer knives method knives sharpened resetting knives difficulties sharpen remove knife place jointer knives line grind single knife machines grind jointer knives removed cutterhead case wood jig constructed hold knives wheel grinder cut groove degrees edge hardwood piece install wood screw end hold knives firmly place dress grinding wheel adjust tool rest bevel knives ground approximately degrees clamp guide block tool rest sure grinding straight length knife fig single light cut moving knife slowly side check edge sure ground single bevel grind knives sure knife ground amount weigh excessive vibration cutterhead revolving high speeds grinding light edge remove burr
flat miter joints cut method similar shown fig spline added flat miter making jig scrap wood hold stock angle degrees adjust height blade equal depth spline cut adjust fence cut correct position left hold stock firmly jig cut groove spline fig spline thicker width blade pass special thin blade needed groove cut clamp nails methods cutting groove spline miter edge fig simplest tilt saw blade angle degrees set miter gage degrees fence stop block note auxiliary wood fence danger blade strike metal fence adjust height blade cut groove fig cut groove blind spline cut recess side pieces fourths distance end grain fig install feather miter corner wood jib hold joint angle degrees set blade correct height adjust fence cut center corners fig miter rabbet cut steps fig
dovetail dado joint easy cut router dovetail bit router guide cut slot mortise portion board dovetail cut place vise place scrap piece wood side router base ample surface ride adjust bit depth cut position guide cut exactly centered stock cut slot fig cut wider dovetail making passes important location width dovetail accurately marked cut tenon stub portion joint depth setting slot adjust guide cut side form tenon fig essential tenon thousandths inch narrower slot cutting joint trial cuts scrap stock thickness dovetail joint extensively commercial furniture especially fine drawer construction furniture factories large expensive machines joint cut dovetail attachment portable router parts joint cut clamp dovetail attachment bench table base projects slightly front attach guide tip base router fig insert dovetail bit guide tighten chuck adjust dovetail bit exactly base
letters grit number designate weight backing common kinds coated abrasives high quality paper especially abrasive industry comes weights light paper stock primarily light hand sanding operations intermediate papers strength stiffness commonly known cabinet papers strong durable especially drum belt sanding pound paper means sheets measuring weigh pounds cloth comes weights lightweight flexible contour heavier stronger suited flat fiber strong stiff backing paper disk drum sanding combination type paper cloth laminated fiber cloth laminated paper cloth combination mainly high speed drum sanders fiber cloth type disk sanders types bonds adhesives manufacture coated abrasives applied layers called bond coat size coat types adhesives bonds animal hide glue bond size coat glue filler hide glue filler added produces bond durable strong bond size coats resin glue combination pure hide glue bond coat synthetic resin size coat making abrasive extremely resistant heat
specific gravity measure relative density materials expressed ratio weight substance weight equal volume water degrees centigrade species wood vary average specific largely differences relative proportion wood substance air space course pieces kind wood vary considerably specific gravity general heavier woods give smoother finish machine lighter pieces hand heavy woods hard hand require power dull tools quickly tend split fig hardness measured numerically relationship seen hardness specific gravity specific gravity increases hardness increases times faster hardness reason heavier woods chosen exposed parts lumber core plywood structural parts lighter woods core plywood number annual rings inch trunk radius affect appearance workability properties wood pieces wood fairly similar appearance means searching pile lumber pieces match diffuse porous woods maples affected problem ring porous woods oak elm fastest growing species cottonwood times rings inch slowest birch ring porous woods fine furniture slow medium growth wood selected machines cross grain difficulties machining woods cross grain species
frame panel surfaces exterior furniture parts vary greatly design construction fig differences follows frame solid wood requires pieces pieces vertical stiles pieces horizontal rails intermediate horizontal divider called cross rail lock rail fig intermediate vertical divider called cross stile furniture cabinet doors thickness frame surfaced stock minimum thickness allowed heavier doors surfaced material interior exterior door frames glued low density stock covered veneer sticking term describe shape inside edge frame sticking square molded standard molded bead cove fig panel groove plow cut inside edge receive panel groove cut depth solid wood panel groove deep rails deep stiles extra depth stiles takes care cross grain expansion solid panel solid panels limited means installed small cupboard doors furniture cabinets kinds corner joints normal practice construction haunched mortise tenon joint dowel joint stub tenon square sticking inside edge
determine size drawer parts measure opening height width depth run fig flush drawer painted later clearance drawer front top sides words dime slip crack easily higher quality drawers fit closer select material drawer size kind rough cut lay drawer front try opening lip drawer rabbet cut checking cut joints fasten sides front cut groove inside drawer front sides bottom drawer bottom fit flush drawer front bevel recess ends slightly top edge beveled slightly cut joints join sides length drawer assembled completed drawer slightly narrower front drawer fit bottom equal height distance top bottom groove top sides bottom fit groove dimensions sides groove receive bottom assemble drawer expensive drawer construction glue nails screws medium high quality drawer construction glue
edge treatment tables chests desks cabinets depends plywood solid wood furniture style fig simple edge treatments square edge modern contemporary pieces fig danish modern undercut chamfer edge outer edge flat rounded give top feeling lightness simpler early american colonial designs rounded edges furniture styles feature wide variety molded edges illustrations book give idea wide variety edge designs intricate edge designs cut shaper router school cabinet shop furniture factories routers shapers double end cutting edge moldings design table drop leaves decide kind joint place leaves attach method supporting leaves common joints simple edge joint rule drop leaf joint fig simple plane joint square edges chosen table top leaf kinds hinges simplest butt hinges piano hinge installed top leaf closed leaves drop extended top kind drop leaf support needed hinge flap drop leaf table hinge combines function hinge support closed leaf drops line edge top fig
display cases shelves counters similar furnishings commonly called fixtures pieces manufactured plants specialize kind production plants construction problems procedures similar furniture manufacturers fixtures include wood extensive glass metal upholstery materials fig fixtures fitted built reflector lighting metal containers refrigeration units plumbing gas connections fig fixtures purchased contract separate contract building vary greatly kind store office financial institution food drug stores high low wall center gondolas check stands food stores wide variety vegetable stands cooling units refrigerator bins fixtures financial institutions designed primarily handling money related paper fixtures provide counter tellers customers fixture manufacturers produce custom designed furniture needed commercial establishments manufacturers standard units fitted variety needs customized fixtures designed built specifically installation cabinetmakers employed fixture plants specialize installing fixtures fixtures public places offices stores designed extremely hard wear minimum maintenance upkeep extensive plastic laminates walls cases tops desks tables seating units designing interior bank large office logical choice walls cabinets wood grain plastic laminate cost higher hardwood plywood
basic systems measurement metric customary called english united states imperial england canada australia percent including english speaking countries metric system measurement metric system developed france eighteenth century basic units measurement based natural phenomena metre base unit length defined ten millionth distance north pole equator fig recent system modernized called si systeme international unites metric system customary system originally based measurements parts body thumb width inch arm length yard foot length foot fig units developed separately conversions unit follow regular pattern twelve inches equal foot feet equal yard metric system consists base units units derived multiples ten fig metre divided centimetres millimetres metre multiplied obtain kilometre prefixes types measurement kilo means thousand times kilometre metres kilogram grams kilowatt watts fig practical purposes woodworking base units considered important metre length kilogram mass weight degrees celsius temperature
dimensional compound curves placing uniformly heated acrylic sheet mold bent shape permitted cool type extensive facilities mold preferably white pine mahogany sheet metal combination materials shape formed large air oven handle sheets size required job needed oven provide temperatures degrees oven temperatures slightly higher temperature required forming plastic kind plastic forming temperature range required heat sheet depend thickness sheet heated minutes thickness piece plastic thick making chair heated hour minutes heating sheet masking paper removed sheet cleaned wiping soft clean cloth dampened alcohol oven proper length fig heating handled heat proof gloves place form shaped fig methods forming plastics compressed air vacuum processes require expensive equipment limited industrial applications saw marks removed edges acrylic sheet scraping hard steel scraper square ground straight smooth edge scraping edge sanded hand belt sander grit abrasive paper
foremost interests scientists study adolescents finding unique adolescents sets children adults fifteen think differently sixteen interact differently parents ten seventeen view differently twenty adolescents problems found points development consider premarital sex delinquency concern developing clear demarcation child adolescent adolescent adult scientists debated describe adolescence stage development child biological social cognitive functioning undergo dramatic transformations onset adolescence similar occur end adolescence contrast child progress adolescence smooth devoid abrupt transition adolescent change adulthood likewise interest evaluating unique properties adolescence led scientists study youth variety environmental circumstances adolescents historical periods compared adolescents grow cultures pages follow concerns parents educators scientists deal adolescents explored scientific investigation adolescents reasonably prior turn twentieth century psychologist stanley hall wrote classic text adolescence adolescence discussed philosophers educators philosophers educators believed adolescent distinguished adult view children adults adolescents interest adolescence traced greeks
genital stage begins onset puberty age twelve lasts senility begins set beginning genital period sexual interest period dormancy period genital period develops mainly consequence rapid physiological signal onset puberty freud heavy emphasis biological cultural environmental determinants adolescent development readily apparent individual reaches adolescence stages development order oral stage anal stage age phallic stage age stage twelve age freud believed individual determine part personality adolescence adulthood adolescent shows maladjustment sees freudian therapist therapist talks adolescent early childhood experiences psychoanalytic thinkers disagree freud adolescent personality explained exclusively experiences dissenters freud daughter anna freud freud pessimism plight adolescents showed descriptions feeble efforts cope sexual instinct nonetheless number defense mechanisms allow adolescent ego instinctive irrational impulses check help adolescent adapt demands real adolescent feels overwhelmed anxiety call variety defense mechanisms reduce anxiety mechanisms adolescent subconscious adolescent aware impulses order
skinner born susquehanna pennsylvania lived college skinner describes home environment warm stable younger brother sports popular frequently teased literary artistic interests younger brother died suddenly age sixteen skinner felt guilty brother death didn bother skinner says youth building things built roller skates scooters steerable wagons sleds rafts poled shallow ponds seesaws merry rounds slides bows arrows blowguns water pistols lengths bamboo discarded water boiler steam cannon shoot plugs potato carrot houses neighbors tops model airplanes driven twisted rubber bands box kites tin propellers high air spool string spinner tried glider fly twelve grades school single building students class graduated liked school maid school teacher mary graves important figure father village atheist amateur botanist believed evolution miss graves dedicated person cultural interests level town teacher fields miss graves responsible fact college majored english literature embarked career writer physically punished father punished mother washed mouth soap water bad word
preceding chapters cognitive development adolescents discussed precisely defining term leading cognitive developmental experts john grappled issue concluded area inquiry broad complex defies tidy statement put matter interesting concepts nasty habit avoiding determined attempts pin say definite stick meanings remain multiple ambiguous imprecise unstable open open argument disagreement drastic reformulation redefinition introduction unsettling concept instances examples bad thing prize concepts kind complexity instability call richness creativity concept called cognition warning notwithstanding images presented chapter help understand term cognitive development means images communicate meanings agreed experts study cognitive development simple diagram figure illustrates widely shared image cognitive development view divided observable events stimuli responses adolescent responses covert events place adolescent mind black box categories distinct separate mental activity occurring stimuli responses view cognition defined events black box processes activities units human mind
philip provided details emphasize important distinguish early late formal operations early formal operational thought typically comes play ages twelve fourteen late formal operational thought appears fifteen eighteen age recall piaget ideas formal operational thought focus development adolescent ability consider combinations events situations problem solve early formal operational stage adolescent begins combinations solve problem likely late formal operational thinker start plan organize search solution words early formal operational thinkers experiment strategies don systematic strategy start late formal operational thinker changing relation observations hypotheses reveals differences early formal operational thinker pursues solution problem compared late formal operational thinker piaget describes significant adolescents deal relation observations hypotheses tested pendulum problem weight bottom string fastened top rod boys girls asked discover pendulum move faster slower subjects change length string weight object height drop force push length string influences speed oscillation early formal operational thinker goes providing summary statement observations looks general hypothesis explain happened
discusses problems involved iq tests try predict success police officer cities intelligence test requires understanding words quell police officer wonders city federal governments tests include words basis selecting police officers firefighters clerks kind testing predict performance makes recommendations relevant performance assessment according type testing called criterion sampling criterion sampling step define criteria success occupation involved want find senior graduating high school expect successful police officer start defining police officer certainly criteria communication skill type vocabulary police officer job advocate criterion sampling believe testers rely paper pencil measures iq tests abstract word games comes predicting success areas performance real watch successful specific occupations attempted define criteria teaching going classrooms performance bad teachers recommendation makes tests designed reflect individual learned intelligence tests designed measure intellectual skills thought stable words persons scores tests vary greatly tests job measuring intelligence
physical cultural factors affect adolescent popularity youth physically attractive popular contrary believe brighter adolescents popular intelligent adolescents growing middle class surroundings tend popular growing lower class surroundings presumably part control establishing standards popularity remember findings reflect group averages physically attractive teenagers unpopular physically unattractive liked increase concern equal treatment minority groups lower class ethnic group adolescents expected gain popularity addition popularity fluctuate adolescent popular peers doubts ability maintain popularity popular peers ongoing concern adolescent friend nice honest trust tell innermost secrets find friends friend consider feelings don want hurt help problems funny names laugh silly lists boys ugliest biggest jerks things share friends don adolescents want popular large segments age group want friends unfortunately adolescents friend circle friends confide
number strategies employed counselors clinicians want help adolescents discard inhibitions dating members opposite sex strategies systematic imagery cognitive strategies reduce anxiety curran tasks increasingly anxiety provoking combined reinforcement marston arranged interactions members opposite sex christensen anderson press behavioral rehearsal mcfall successful intervention program focused training programs designed increase dating skills adolescent males mcgovern gilmore subjects programs evaluated compared waiting list control group adolescents wanted counseling help dating skills gotten counselor treatment groups received dating manual contact female confederates girls worked counselor group discussion meetings group received treatment components treatment groups engaged behavioral rehearsal behavioral rehearsal group scenes enacted counselor office behavioral rehearsal group enacted scenes campus settings participants treatment groups surpassed members control groups dating skills end study investigators thought natural setting rehearsal female confederates effective office rehearsal treatment treatment involving behavioral rehearsal adolescents rehearsed natural setting show greater generalization treatment increased dating groups number measures differences treatment groups
students learning disabilities behavioral disorders quit school adolescents alienated school simply don want attend classes longer approximately students enter grade graduate high school reasons physical mental handicap jones approximately percent future dropouts low income families students grow bored lack ambition want start working personal reason choose continue schooling remaining percent dropouts lower class families racial backgrounds adolescents leave school try find employment unsuccessful frustrations poverty boredom lead number criminal activities pushing dope robbery assault youth alienated school react ways retreat drugs part counterculture counterculture groups adopt slang antisocial conduct standard behavior building lives peer group ties gang james mackey points facets dropout help understand personal incapacity feeling ability skills needed succeed rejection conventional rules regulations means success cultural estrangement rejection predominant standards success adolescents drop school feel incompetent incapable dealing words sense personal incapacity adolescents feel degree inadequacy terms able positive things happen social academic worlds feeling intense prevalent adolescent drops school
rogers asserts extremely important counselors words line feelings counselor likes adolescent unconditionally helping person accept adolescent completely regardless terrible adolescent acts feelings thoughts relationship lead improvement adolescent directed thoughts implications client centered therapy teachers parents reasonably clear help adolescents concepts trusting relationship teacher adolescent teachers need touch feelings important develop genuine concern individual adolescents able help feelings adolescents negative talk adolescents feelings positive attempts help ineffective rogers believes adolescents talking helping person expresses warm feelings generally accepted adolescent concept evaluation important aspect personality psychologists counselors educators difficult trying measure concept method frequently piers harris scale piers harris consists eighty items designed measure youth concept school psychologists scale boys girls referred evaluation responding yes items ideas youth reveal view asked respond feel feel piers harris scale requires fifteen twenty minutes completion administered groups individual boys girls
erik erikson believes space females contributes heavily identity formation adolescence order test assumption erikson designed experiment focused play behavior eleven twelve thirteen boys girls boys girls number toys told construct exciting scene imaginary moving picture erikson found height downfall motion characterized play boys static interiors open simply enclosed blocked intruded typified play construction girls erikson believes play configurations represent aspects adolescents sex organs words adolescent male external organs intrusive character adolescent female internal sex organs intruded paula criticized erikson research conclusions number grounds points important physiological fact females considered erikson data conclusions evaluated adolescent females space walls uterus touch walls vagina play structures adolescent girls actually reflected look folded flapjacks enclosed spaces points male penis external clitoris admittedly lesser degree points movement ovum important fertilization travel sperm words differences play constructions degree kind truly reflected sexual anatomy adolescent boys girls erikson conclusion differences play configurations young adolescent boys girls due sexual anatomy matter personal choice scientific confirmation
careful contraceptives necessarily sexual intercourse safe harmless adolescents encounter legal difficulties states require adolescent sixteen eighteen age perform sexual intercourse engaging fornication adolescents age treated delinquents girl age charge statutory rape filed male admittedly laws rarely invoked teenagers law enforcement agencies means confining called undesirables venereal disease danger involved sexual intercourse adolescence venereal disease transmitted orally common spreads sexual intercourse venereal disease fairly common adolescents today major forms venereal disease gonorrhea syphilis age groups twenty twenty age bracket hardest hit fifteen nineteen olds twenty twenty olds carroll miller nash infectious disease common adolescents mononucleosis kissing disease mononucleosis remains mystery disease appears causative agent member herpes virus group fever blisters disease spread saliva mononucleosis characterized sore throat swollen lymph glands prolonged fatigue weeks treatment cure body tends develop immunity difficulty adolescents encounter united states finding place sexual intercourse adolescents sexual intercourse hurried occurs places ideal intimate human communication
studies delinquency evidence excessive drinking fairly common delinquents drinking excess point passing common approximately ten delinquents ten garrett phillips bryce according investigations approximately delinquents arrested drinking twenty arrested offense investigation adolescent girls seen massachusetts youth reception detention center boston girls drank weekly basis ten girls passed drinking mayer delinquents drink reasons grace barnes points delinquents drink effect likely drink help socialize celebrate simply fun rate relation drinking delinquency merits study label juvenile delinquent applied adolescent breaks law engages behavior considered illegal categories disturbance juvenile delinquency broad concept legal infractions range littering murder youth technically juvenile delinquent judged guilty crime court law official records accurately reflect number illegal acts committed indication ten fifteen juvenile delinquency increased relation number crimes committed adults estimates regarding number juvenile delinquents united states sketchy fbi statistics suggest percent youths involved juvenile court cases
difficult classroom teacher determine youth needs help behavioral disorder teacher annoying mischievous behavior adequate reason placing adolescent special class sending guidance counselor help recommending student behavioral disorder teacher counselor involves evaluating seriousness youth deviant behavior consistency student behavior consistently deviant rest class recommending behavioral disorder class discussion counselor youth behavioral disorder classes simply going difficult period divorce death family traumatic youth ability learn function inhibited individualized attention behavioral disorder specialist help adolescent difficult experts believe placement youth behavioral disorder program reevaluated times school determine needs specialist help behavioral disorder classes involve efforts deal youth social academic problems cases behavioral problems stem poor academic achievement providing adolescent remedial help school subjects alleviate behavioral problems group therapy sessions involving small number individuals behavioral problems behavioral disorder teachers counselors cases adolescents able problems smaller private groups context larger classrooms willing talk problems peers individual sessions adult specialist
correlational study rudolph bernice assessment relation classroom social climate student grades absences school evaluated relation social environments nineteen high school classes student absenteeism rates average final grades teachers classes high absenteeism rates highly competitive teacher controlled low teacher support classes teachers gave average grades marked high student involvement low teacher control note independent variable manipulated study authors pointed causal implications drawn data classroom climate grades absenteeism interrelated complex ways teachers create authoritarian pattern early school students quickly learn rules classroom teachers likely supportive need justify control later hand teachers point students early grading policies grading policies affect development classroom climate turn influence motivation students absenteeism final grades things complicated relationships affected backgrounds students subject matter class effect linkages ascertained correlational studies studies pave experimental investigations suggest experimental treatment programs established high risk classrooms identified early school classroom environmental observations feedback provided teachers characteristics setting experimental groups created pre evaluation manner true experimental study michael chandler box
spirit preventive medicine aerobics program developed early book published today immensely gratified response exceeds previous expectations basic tools aerobics minute field test treadmill tests diagnose heart disease determine levels fitness point system measure amount exercise progressive programs furnish weekly prescription exercise today millions whirlwind tour let happening stop beautiful islands hawaii abroad question hawaii honolulu jogging capital night jog islands encouraged mild climate light pacific breezes park honolulu popular place especially late afternoon weekends sunday morning dr jack leading conducts marathon clinic open uncommon thousand attend sunday morning sessions including lieutenant governor honorable nelson thousand dr active group runners running marathons heart attacks patients dramatically changing concepts treatment patients heart attacks hawaii travel thriving industrialized islands japan heart disease infrequent post war ii era conjunction thriving economy acceptance western eating smoking habits occurred epidemic obesity alarming increase incidence heart disease
reason stress test maximal heart rate voluntary fatigue test give indication cardiac abnormality lack accurate measure level fitness fitness level re finding important diagnostic tool comes making prognosis regarding health heart fitness level simply put endurance aerobic capacity determined amount stay treadmill maintaining mph speed incline progressively steeper measure fitness level wouldn need machine treadmill stopwatch wouldn consider giving test cardiac diagnosis obvious safety reasons want monitor heart performance re showing endurance results test surprise twenty body building champion demonstrated cooper clinic recently won contest looked chest huge waist slim biceps bulged posed muscle groups literally stretch skin maximum understand judges selected champion poor performance treadmill test heart rate totally exhausted nauseated strength poor cardiovascular reserves restricted exercise muscle building muscular friend didn feel technicians told performance barely exceeded sixty grandmother tested earlier heart attack examination
high blood pressure generally recognized major risk factors cigarette smoking cholesterol hypertension high blood pressure stresses circulatory system air stresses balloon understandably high blood pressure major strokes ruptured blood vessels brain researchers feel blood pressures normal consider abnormal blood pressure generally accepted hypertension treated part recent decline strokes heart fatalities attributed percent rise number high blood pressure control abnormal resting valuable tool detecting heart diseases heart attacks blocks abnormal enlargements warning impending heart attack stress greater accuracy predictor views heart action obesity universally recognized obesity puts direct strain heart systems body fat bloodless look white fats marbled beef demonstrate heart force blood vessels squeezed deposits fat strain body drag extra pounds weight muscles lift strain heart percentage body fat median limits list age sex coronary risk profile re heart disservice cigarette smoking cigarette smoking fashionable women sudden death coronary heart disease claimed woman
varieties moderately expensive range thousand dollars stability durability important study construction carefully buy adjustable inclines electrical manual standard built percent incline increase point elevating front incline advantage elevate front blocks effect avoid belts run rollers purchase smooth surface wish minimize foot problems workout conditions affect performance guidelines recommend degrees degrees percent humidity don exercise strenuously wait workout early morning twilight cooler swim points heat lack affects temperature safe exercise mask veil scarf talked warm air extra cold air windpipe coronary artery constriction susceptible leading chest pain airway obstruction occur inhaled cool air re fit observe precautions laugh cold air force alaska jogging winter smoggy live suburbs city don stay choose place upwind city traffic help cut irritation air contaminants fumes doctor examined advised differently exercising smog sitting letting body deteriorate
arm lifts sitting floor ground support weight hands positioned slightly side arms straight elbows locked arch head bringing hips floor legs straight weight hands heels lower sitting position repeat pushups pushups toes attempting body straight touching nose older women knees toes exercise mat helpful re hard floor variety exercises muscle strengthening conditioning equipment supplemental exercises addition place primary aerobic exercises guidelines recommend exercising safely promise percent freedom problems especially blisters sore muscles re starting promise encounter lot fewer problems guidelines starter programs research read subsequent chapters demonstrated re fit fall sprain kind accident overdo exercise point fatigue especially increase odds straining muscle twisting knee working runners observed variety overuse ailments knee ankle pain hip soreness tendon problems limited rest disappear noticed problems start developing attempt increase weekly mileage
words preamble caution let look programs nearly progress points week don repeat don attempt points week conditioned heart tolerate legs muscles rebel age adjusted program select exactly prescribed weeks try accelerate programs built safety features read previous aerobics books notice programs revised important ways frequency week initial workouts decreased order reduce aches problems tend plague beginning sports twenty activities aerobic conditioning endurance points added sports activities qualify introduced later printings aerobics programs provided special problems excessively obese post heart attack patients patient undergone uncomplicated coronary artery bypass surgery notice develop separate programs women found early weeks conditioning women respond equally later weeks program women prefer hold workouts points week minimum level women want progress higher levels reached strain permissible ahead charts asking problems fatigue overused muscles joints
turned chapter means re concerned weight obesity dangerous heart coronary risk profiles high percentage body fat carries coronary risk points percent total risk points allocated diet related factors glucose uric acid cholesterol triglycerides carry additional points seventeen forty points percent coronary risk measured risk profile chart directly affected diet weight chapter going give medically safe programs weight loss taking account supplementing program regular aerobic exercise going evaluate popular diets list principles follow preparing meals daily diet safer heart discuss specific foods create problems heart refined sugars coffee alcohol finally give straight talk vitamin supplements let discuss likely concern overweight tell measuring percent body fat specific gravity determination measuring thickness underwater weighing total body volumetric techniques research centers measure specific gravity calipers commonly measure thickness indicator percent body fat tendency swimming sink float remember fat floats muscle sinks body fat measured acceptable levels percent women percent
common type obesity adult onset obesity marked increased number fat cells increase size existing fat cells adult onset obesity gain weight simply caloric intake food eat exceeds calories routine daily activity lose weight reverse process taking fewer calories need burning calories sounds easy average person cutoff point measure intake determine needs standard calorie charts abbreviated appendix estimate daily intake accurate determining portion sizes weights common error underestimating actual food intake active person basic number calories takes maintain present weight gaining losing determined multiplying weight pounds times sedentary multiply weight times burning fewer calories course pregnant lactating mother multiply weight times manual labor multiply weight times active weighs pounds weight multiplied comes calories needs maintain weight caloric intake goes going start gaining weight start losing weight loss calories shed pound fat
millions tried lose weight dietary pills recommend type appetite especially amphetamines place heart weight problems eating habits person lose weight appetite gain frequently stops addition extended period addictive digitalis heart medicine strict medical supervision food drug administration issued warning drugs noted drugs limited usefulness treatment obesity significant potential dependence abuse extreme care questionable weight loss method mind technique combines diet daily injections hormone human chorionic hcg theory hcg peculiar effect transferring mobilizing abnormal fat previously locked fixed deposits bloodstream making energy fact scientific data mobilize fat hcg medication addition recent studies shown absolutely effect hcg injections compared placebo diet weight loss seen experiments fads plenty try lured promise easy weight loss eat want weight loss health dieters safe diets
today psychologists influenced behaviorism ideas altered states consciousness image offer views explain exercise merit image course easy understand improve person changed lot muscle aerobic exercise skin began glow eyes began sparkle person actual image change attractive benefit regular exercise program area visible results discipline fact set challenge overcome sticking regularly exercise program affect image positive sense set according purdue psychologists sense accomplishment independence haven felt strongly benefit exercise break routine level consciousness mentioned earlier order increase creativity mental strength advocated number psychologists william book positive addiction cites benefits losing oneself positive activity regular basis calls running hardest surest achieve calls pa consciousness research subjects follows feel don think awareness present called awareness brain chatter university chicago psychologist dr studying forms flow activity similar description
live northern climate enjoy running outdoors winter dangerous chance lungs frostbitten heard frostbitten lung suffer spasms windpipe exposed cold air common symptom wheezing disappears occurs heart patients notice chest pain angina walking cold wind exposures avoided healthy jogger running exercising cold subzero weather provided clothing adequate avoid underdressing getting chilled dental surgical mask mouth nose resistance breathing terrycloth veil mouth nose difficult frostbite lungs easy frostbite nose fingers male genitals dress warmly harm swimming cold water water cold fatal heart problem shock entering cold water bring severe cardiac course fatal treated immediately sensation cold face air water produce suppression heart rate increase load heart finally body heat lost rapidly water air land exercise warm cold water sum recommend known heart condition swim water colder degrees
find coronary risk coronary risk profile chart applies age group physician examination find charts appendix find hard quit smoking told quit doctor expecting baby smoking worse pregnancy bad worse child study britain showed pregnant women smoke average smaller babies lighter babies babies lower iqs show higher incidence significant increase infant deaths babies let moment elaborate ideas help break habit start smoking smoking parents peer pressure inherited tendency desire tobacco continue smoking effect percent enjoyment handling cigarette percent pleasurable relaxation percent fit category hard quit smoking crutch reliever tension percent craving psychological addiction percent merely habit percent harder quit quit smoke fewer cigarettes fewer puffs cigarette reduce depth inhalation choose brand low tar nicotine smoke cigarette question quitting stop cold turkey expect symptoms physiological withdrawal days include headaches irritability muscle aches anxiety visual sleep disturbances intense craving tobacco
teaching oldest largest professions students considering teaching career benefit gaining information teaching teaching profession examining teaching career logical consider contemporary viewpoints public perceives teaching practicing teachers feel teaching individuals chose teach child teaching public schools career parents asked question percent responded yes question asked percent respondents child teaching percent responded affirmatively clear attractiveness teaching public schools career declined reasons decline undoubtedly include publicity surplus teachers levels subjects geographic areas low teacher salaries inflation school age children including low motivation increases violence vandalism drugs school quit teaching tell reasons low pay lack pupil interest lack parental support getting results overcrowded classes expected solve society problems mountains paperwork required variety bureaucratic reports plain constant hassle fed couldn anymore previous quote fictitious person represent attitude increasingly common teachers recent survey teachers found percent respondents expressed dissatisfaction current job teacher percent responding dissatisfied
game simple review major test similar review periods taking place biology classrooms country students catch sleep joke neighbors read magazines teachers asking questions ferns starfish getting responses offered students bothered notes contrast stark pervades american education public schools york california gannett news service reporters found classrooms students involved enthusiastically learning hall rooms putting bell rang cases differnce atmosphere created teacher reporter vic pollard put weeks schools sacramento calif skill dedication found public education kid takes pot luck luck pot varies widely student east coast high school burly attired rumpled jeans black leather jacket collar length hair showed period english class curse tolerated diploma sat corner similarly inspired friends cracked jokes laughed class teacher questions answered grunts teacher says warned fail deprive hours later burly jacket social studies class discussing current events responding coherent intelligible sentences
completion baccalaureate level teacher preparation program securing initial certification prepares start teaching career signal end professional development practicing professionals variety reasons continue study improve education initial preparation teachers commonly referred service training number reasons teachers participate service training upgrading skills changing needs aspirations students developing skills resulting mandates education mainstreaming handicapped metric education responding dramatic society turn schools require role definition securing permanent credential seeking extrinsic rewards advancements salary undoubtedly reasons major concern practicing teachers today centers determines controls service teacher education complicated issue obviously instances individual motivated teacher seeking improve performance advancement instances local board education decides total staff teachers selected teachers need retraining additional training instances federal government mandates curricular require service education large numbers teachers instances motivation teachers feel strongly rightfully involved decision making seek voice determining nature content service programs mandated programs federal legislation permit limited choices locally determined programs permit options choices teachers seek strong voice training conducted actually provide training
education training important part american business industry growing tendency view employees resource money spent training development investment expense need cost primary factor influencing corporate commitment training development house training appears exempt normal managerial decision making heavily cost oriented training development takes place job includes costs initial training retraining job function piece equipment installed method product introduced training employee jobs replacement training employee peak interest training occurs organization growing concerned adequate pool trained educated employees especially pronounced organizations committed philosophically union contract promotion training development important high technology corporations leading edge company operates educate occurs organization mission product mix trained skills roles organization need house training development peaks labor market tight general specialties academic institutions seen inadequate resources inadequate job specialized area non business oriented motives training dedication concept education solely means upgrading force rare corporate motives training tend short term functional mission oriented
inflation defensive tactics organized school employees falling enrollments mean falling budgets mean sharply rising budgets especially high schools higher education administration financing retrenchment radically expansion sure lot unhappiness american schools level couple decades school age population declines countless factors influence demand teachers ways main factors determine future employment prospects teachers number teachers produced number students enrolled schools conditions discussed point chapter teacher production declining birthrates enrollment trends taxpayer attitude combined produce oversupply teachers united states recent indicators suggesting employment opportunities teachers improved mid total demand elementary secondary school teachers employed schools previous includes needed allow increased enrollment additional staff required lowering pupil teacher ratios needed replacement teachers leaving profession declining school enrollments approximately million teachers profession employed public schools period heaviest oversupply teachers table shows aspect current teacher demand analysis shows relative demand teachers teaching area data presented summarized data gathered continental united states
fringe benefits accrue teachers forms paid insurance premiums sick leave emergency personal leave leave addition examining salary provisions beginning teachers wise investigate nature fringe benefit program district seeking employment districts vary greatly regard fringe benefits worth considerable amounts generally teacher carries reasonably high community status important dimension career selection addition teachers typically highly motivated educated persons tend derive considerable job satisfaction privileged motivated educated peers teachers benefit assorted intangibles working youth kind pride generated teachers feelings contributing future nation helping educate young united states universality educational opportunity part national tradition tangible problems rewards intangibles teaching career worth considering intangibles teaching positively idealistic teachers hard pressed produce evidence accomplishments accomplishments teachers readily visual assessment teaching accompanied kind personal mental anxiety brought lack knowledge teacher productive aspect teaching ego gratification afforded teachers job minimum rewards problems teaching tangible intangible certainly times individual teacher feel problems frustrations teaching outweigh rewards attractiveness teaching profession steadily improves
nearly half century passed chapman counts submitted dialogue illustrates individual learning needs desires book larnin meeting individual learning needs daily newspapers yield indications learning needs satisfactorily met decade sixties criticism irrelevance leveled existing operations schools seventies shown american experiment struggling survival era marked misplaced loyalties political realm deprivation material high crime rates myriad urgent human problems likely today pupils respond master question pupils responded half century ago challenge today teachers assisting pupils finding individual answers questions lies keeping abreast times pupils prefer teachers possess current knowledge outlook goes knowledge domain demonstrate attitudes flexible stresses times consider pupils questions rear children half century answers question dealt primarily home family unit served general environment raise children schools expected deeply involved question rearing children suggested recent social including women force lesser numbers relatives living household greater geographic mobility families combined family effective environment raise children family directly related ways children raised today
project help federally funded elementary secondary education act title iv officially designated child abuse neglect training model identification developed california union school district premise teacher sees child regularly public health nurse juvenile probation officer social worker children protective service worker person teacher readily sense wrong project suggests roles schools wish adopt child abuse neglect national problems school focus attention community center seek school principal teacher help variety situations critical child obviously school things focal point school clearinghouse resource center child abuse neglect cases project help found school recognize abuse neglect child battered emotionally scarred intervene stresses developing child family assist family referrals agencies identify resources help family observations gather data help agency family monitor child progress accomplish school family agency welfare child school intermediary prevention system providing help children families abuse neglect severe damage irreparable conjunction public law child abuse prevention treatment act states enacted form legislation requiring reporting child abuse neglect
place american education schools established country chapter look history permits climb high place look road traveled road clearly avoid mistakes token capitalize successes educational past knowledge history education permits teacher appreciate proud heritage american educators possess let proceed look history american education colonists arrived jamestown brought ideas concerning education earlier book pointed americans today expectations public schools contemporary americans expectations present educational systems educational expectations colonial america colonial america divided roughly geographical areas northern colonies england area middle colonies centered york southern colonies located virginia area colonists areas expectations schools existed respective areas england puritan expressing expectations contemporary language expect things schools northern colonies children learn read understand bible schools teach boys latin greek wish college qualified interest education northern colonies coupled fact colonists area similar religious convictions led early establishment public schools area
teachers tend minimize fact learning natural children forced learn forcibly restrained prevent learning mean learn want learn teaching generally defined process person helps achieve skills knowledge attitudes teaching involves teacher learner learning activity learner guidance learner provided teachers help create conditions direct learning teachers want learned teachers levels need mastery subject matter specialization mastery subject matter areas states teaching certificate issued prospective teachers required include study professional education courses include educational psychology basic intent educational psychology assist teachers principles psychology behavior help students learn schools deal develop children desirable attitudes classmates attitudes fair play friendliness cooperation lives lives agreeable schools deal develop children desirable attitudes studies teachers educational process task educational psychologists help psychology science studies human animal behavior psychologists interested understanding needs motives thought processes feelings emotions learn psychology classed biology sociology anthropology behavioral sciences modern psychologist concerned behavior skills knowledge attitudes
significant statements concerning educational objectives formulated educational policies commission national education association study large group educators collaborated development objectives list headings objectives realization objectives human relationships objectives economic efficiency objectives civic responsibility report lists educational objectives served basis curriculum thrust schools america sure study groups individual educators extended modified definitely additional lists educational objectives examinations publications reveal objectives organizational structure commonplace guidelines objectives organizational suggestions detailed nursery school kindergarten elementary school secondary school junior college higher education realm continuing adult education considerable attention objectives career vocational technical education school structure vital component programs preparation future teachers comprehensive study educational objectives emphasis level student aspires teach study educational objectives continuing dimension teachers classroom teachers constantly strive develop refine instructional objectives relate directly general objectives total educational program professional task teacher formulate instructional objectives students feel preset objectives important satisfying learning needs teachers upper grade level involve students formulation learning objectives class activity
afternoon summoning courage teacher brought ralph talk according ralph misbehaved fact going routine speaking octaves normal teacher explained ralph completely disrupted class continued shout sing loudly class started fight couple smaller boys teacher tried intervene ralph verbally attacked job try understand empathize attempt help ralph problem suddenly occurred perfect chance practice token economy technique simple technique students tangibly rewarded engaging socially constructive activities payment consists tokens poker chips later purchase luxuries recess gym rest period keys success technique find tangible student interested wants obtain asked ralph write sheet paper list things informed exchange behavior class receive poker chips exchanged items ralph started listing things wanted blow pops yo yo hershey bars baby ruths hula hoops sudden sick stomach occurred trying bribe overgrown bully behaving class needed whacking home awhile
departments education direction chief school officer carry activities government education activities classified categories operational regulatory service developmental public support cooperation recent activities largely operational regulatory operational activities direct operation schools deaf blind regulatory activities center enforcement regulations schools making properly certified teachers employed buildings safe service function helping local school districts includes sharing knowledge expertise providing consultant service research information legal advice states improved service activities past developmental activities planning order improve departments develop capabilities public support cooperation activities involve communicating effectively legislature governor governmental bodies traditional roles departments emphasized operational regulatory functions problems education today departments education play stronger leadership role intermediate unit school organization unit department education local school districts historically intermediate unit served liaison function rural areas preponderance small schools served direct educational function providing guidance special education services basic purpose intermediate unit today provide local districts educational services efficiently economically provide individually
education united states big business million pupils enrolled public private elementary secondary schools million teachers employed provide instruction students approximately billion spent current operating expenditures conduct enterprise estimated approximately million pupils million teachers current operating expenditures exceed billion based dollars look magnitude enterprise recognize education today major occupation million united states included million million students enrolled schools colleges million teachers administrators supporting instructional staff nation million ten persons directly involved educational process pertinent note communities education biggest business community nation investment education sizable amount figure illustrates nation effort support education comparing educational expenditures gross national product gnp gross national product calculated bureau economic analysis department commerce represents total national output goods services market prices measures output terms expenditures goods services acquired expenditures comprise purchases goods services consumers government gross private domestic investment net exports goods services gnp measuring stick national investment education fluctuation educational expenditures percentage gnp steadily risen percent percent
plato death aristotle left academy part doubt unhappy choice plato successor departure academy mean ties associates contrary accompanied friend academy later head academy aristotle crossed aegean asia minor formed association platonists later aristotle left island aristotle reputed conducted research biology marine biology aristotle supposed received invitation philip pella capital macedonia tutor philip son alexander boy twelve close association preeminent philosopher preeminent future military leader formative rise centuries endless speculation aristotle influence young alexander remained pella alexander tutor unhappily speculation superseded knowledge case aristotle left pella returned athens called major phase athens founded school lyceum hard academy direction times troubled athens entire greek alexander extending conquests governors bearing heavily conquered city states hellas
hope won initial tolerance contention aristotle philosopher deserves listened present challenging contemporaries modern culture science philosophy proved respecter persons certainly respecter common sense persons call naturally informed judgment mankind unhappy foundering contemporary culture witnessing hand experience kind schizophrenia kind alienation everyday live human beings human beings represented contemporary scientists philosophers philosophy concerned consider russell untypical surely scarcely denied believed philosopher lived human imagine russell shaking hands friend haranguing mass meeting condemnation military involvement vietnam doubtless circumstances stuck philosophical conviction statements concerning things situation confronting reducible definitions statements sense data things doubtless russell committed philosophy assume attitudes behavior thoughts things groupings series sense data
size thing relations stands things thing location similarly activities mention times engages engage activities real sense stretching meaning terms things entities beings connection surely times places relations actions beings things call entities characteristic sort begins emerge aristotle celebrated doctrine categories categories ultimate headings classified say basic kinds things fundamental varieties entities comprise ultimate furniture words sense doctrine categories physical physical quantity size amount quality place location relation action passion occurs forget category important quantity quantity size quality quality place place action action
doubtless feel baffled aristotle considers matter form change actual change conditions certainly conditions mere privation call difficulty aristotle term greek connotation english certainly true aristotle feel matter form needed reckoned actual change recognized sufficient conditions change conditions requisite going process change needed reckoned decisive change distinctively sort bring let recourse examples change aristotle analysis causal structure accords closely common sense view matter rough ready examples case young unskilled process learning skill case rubber band inches process stretched inches requisite processes change case fact able course change actually process skilled case fact able actually process longer
odd foregoing chapter presumed presentation aristotle physics called conceded change motion proper concern physicists primary certainly concern aristotle demanding rest insisting study properly called physics provide account picture physical universe frame heavens earth seas sun moon stars providing account change motion aristotle physics detailed illuminating discussions topics infinity infinite things supposed infinite extent universe chance necessity god existence called prime mover respect sundry nature condense present summary account aristotle science philosophy content saying aristotle characteristic distinctive picture physical universe picture nature seen perspective kinds change motion kinds things substances universe aristotle felt heavens called series concentric spheres heavenly bodies sun moon planets stars attached proper motion spheres eternally circular sun earth moon sphere sun details historical interest
living things plants animals human beings presently concerned obvious remarked subject kinds especially developmental characteristic living beings case foregoing chapter recalled undergo change kind requisite matter recognized indispensable principles change considerations point aristotle soul psyche regarded formal principle virtue living things kinds things formal principle requires material principle correlative takes specific character reception form matter living animate change develop makes able change principle potentiality potentially matter living beings material principle correlative soul form simply body animals animal body living body likewise plants cases soul body form matter course kind physical body stock stone senseless thing capable living body
circumstances intellect possibly restricted received bodily organ eye ear nose organs receptive qualities materially received organ colors eye sounds eardrum flavors tongue intellect receptive forms limited receives organ completely open forms open receptive forms indiscriminately intellect bare forms transparent purely receptive forms features reception forms sort distorting medium aristotle understands characterization intellect place forms meaning intellect potentiality forms sense form imprint intellect receive receiving intentionally forms wise received intellect problem forms simply qua forms forms things known tree toad color spatial relation moment action swimming flying forms things toad relation north wise forms received intellect things entities forms
aristotle confronted question thou art mindful surely answer characteristically saying rational animal think answer hackneyed say overly simple aristotle elaborate simple answer likely hear word brain cells amino acids double helix sort fourth century greek heard things aristotle hear appreciate relevance importance question insist attempt understand human human existence precaution losing sight main highway innumerable side roads contemporary biologists biochemists constantly directing attention chemical anatomical neurological features human body aristotle want insist soul form psyche informs orders according distinctively human functions human distinctive character human soul human substantial form human body lies precisely fact turns corporeal capable knowledge understanding surely line ordinary everyday approach fellow human beings common sense presuppositions dealing thinking
feature practical knowledge proper ethics contrasted theoretical knowledge proper sciences expressed modern terminology say theoretical knowledge involve truths universal aristotle answer theoretical knowledge physics mathematics metaphysics knowledge things principles simply sum angles triangle equal angles change necessarily change impossible thing principles clearly express merely things happen fact contrast practical knowledge ethics productive goes arts skills obviously dealing knowledge things reason practical productive knowledge precisely knowledge bring things practical knowledge concrete situation productive knowledge effecting providing varying circumstances conditions nature case knowledge bears concrete contingent possibly knowledge universal aristotle protests demanding exactness precision matters ethics expected mathematics
physics need metaphysics loose left subject matter escaped treatment physics metaphysics turns reading aristotle metaphysics today unlikely questions sort mind contemporary philosophical scene dangerous think aristotelian science analogy modern science finds oneself inclined raise similar questions contemporary science philosophy specific subject matter philosophy thought equipped treat sciences exhausted inscribed range program exhausted eventually application methods likewise respect aristotle program physics aristotle conceives natural properly thought physics biology astronomy embryology psychology meteorology aristotle eyes proper subdivisions call physics physics supposed inform nature things rerum room place metaphysics aristotle wont call philosophy course disciplines aristotelian scheme ethics politics poetics recognizably fall domain physics occasion note sciences fall physics treat things things subject change motion sciences aim method aristotle put theoretical practical productive aim exclusively knowing making
examples thinkers sought answer question takes thing intimated present thinkers tend shy metaphysics generally interpreted signify concern lies physical tends immediately lose caste eyes contemporaries ground discipline presumably outrun experience attempt lay claim knowledge trans empirical transcendent hand comes questions things empirical respect real things makes source principle reality questions deep concern number contemporary philosophers call discipline metaphysics contemporary thinkers prefer ontology means literally science study thought free associations transcendent trans empirical aristotle concerned curious major part metaphysics today prefer call ontological investigations feel need try distinguish sharply investigations concerned entities takes wholly immaterial fall properly label theological let look aristotle ontology feel nowadays likely called ontological questions let aristotle undertakes answer questions takes
real existing substances physical composite matter form celebrated question metaphysics found aristotle asking begins hint answer question raised raised subject doubt question substance apparently question answered substance question substance answered substance matter maybe form possibly composite forced choose alternatives substance ultimately aristotle responds decisively saying certainly substance likewise understood simply matter undeniable marks substance substance sort thing enjoys separate independent existence sort thing exist present dependent manner called accidents substance substance individual universal manner platonic forms clearly impossible matter substance sense substance simply matter matter mere capacity potentiality matter considered actually mere ability qualifies independence individuality requisite marks substance
outcome preceding section strange actually unsettling need add occasion undertake defense older aristotelian conception logic newer lately vogue conception logic sketched suffice say views logic patently radically newer newly fashionable view called distinctive semantic function role present non aristotelian logic serve means shredding light final problem regard aristotle philosophy problem touched directly book surely minds readers aim exposition aristotle philosophy try present aristotle contemporary philosopher say respect contemporary issues philosophy live option needs reckoned today philosophical scene obvious inescapable immense unavoidable stumbling block aristotelian philosophy version aristotle philosophy simply longer round precisely stumbling block modern science historically indoctrinated accounts galileo struggles aristotelians generally simply granted respect entire rise development modern science aristotelians invariably leaders forces reaction
plausible sounds accustomed simply accept standard historical account aristotelian physics displaced modern physics misleading ill conceived fact suggest concluding account aristotelian philosophy issues divide aristotle physics modern physics modern science generally issues issues nature things physical logical issues broadest sense logic modern science entirely logic aristotle suggest continue simply human beings everyday commonsense understanding reality round let briefly consider business called induction result experience modern scientists led throw aristotle judgments nature physical reality replacing date judgments modern physics seen aristotle understands induction process repeated experiences things events led conclusions essentially behave mode manner sort aristotle convinced led understanding things sense physical substances differed called accidents quantity quality relation action passion subject kinds subject change necessarily composite form matter change necessarily involved principles change
goes say contemporary scientific pronouncements nature physical universe induced empirical evidence controlled evidence unequivocal problem remain warrant justification scientific pronouncements longer regard based experience question find carried logical considerations raised preceding sections found modern idea logical relations picture facts tended opposite extreme supposing logical relations mirroring structure facts regarded actually constituting creating structures facts suggested line justification scientific statements theories nature physical kind justification kant called transcendental justification roughly follows pattern seen emerging connection semantics modern logic theories modern science based facts experience reflect theories representing things physical reflect ways view physical ways ways
educational assessment testing diagnosis related synonymous terms testing elicits responses students questions structured conditions responses quantifiable depending structured test results testing include variety scores list acquired skills testing strategies educational assessment gather information special student procedures employed gather data diagnosis term borrowed medical profession refers effort establish illness condition describe treatment illness generally categorized label label implies treatment contrast educational assessment set establish assign labels handicapped student determine remediation treatment basis label student labeled handicapped label document eligibility kinds services label indication learning problem educational assessment organizes programs exceptional students basis demonstrated skill deficits global labels programs based needed services type handicap words special educators assessment determine jim grades age peers reading say dyslexic educational assessment exceptional students developed considerably past influenced trends fields shaped forces field special education
tests procedures penalize handicapped students disability prevents responding questions tasks test ways subject respond person speaking writing skills impaired unfair measure skills means student intelligence mathematical skills assessed instruments require language impaired student speak physically handicapped child write mean tests procedures assess students language handwriting problems safeguard discriminatory practices variety specialists involved assessment team students strengths weaknesses overlooked members discipline perform assessment students multiple handicaps important include areas expertise assessment team teacher specialist knowledge area suspected disability team certified teacher learning disabilities assess student suspected kind learning problem finally mandates comprehensive assessment facets student handicap areas assessed unidentified factors affecting student team assess student academic skills language ability student undetected hearing loss team need information assess student strengths weaknesses educational needs mean conceivable area health vision hearing social emotional performance actually assessed related suspected handicap primary targets policies governing assessment handicapped students influence content process assessment
legal decisions multidisciplinary team including teacher specialist knowledge area suspected disability team making decisions placement include persons knowledgeable child meaning evaluation data placement options discussed chapter multidisciplinary team assess student according stringent legal guidelines summarize assessment procedures meet student needs assessment tools quality assessment multifaceted fourth assessment designed address educational needs individual student choice assessment procedures individualized student based student educational needs higgins sets criteria making decisions eligibility decision team individual decisions based information variety sources information decision making adequately documented considered team care fourth eligibility decisions conform regulations regarding placement restrictive environment determining eligibility mildly handicapped students states require types assessment information general intelligence level determined measures adaptive behavior intellectual functioning academic performance types information required noted table specifically mildly handicapping conditions involve areas requiring cooperation team members learning disabilities major significant difference expected actual performance academic language motor skills established wallace
questioning required tests tester question student response response unclear tester unable score response correct incorrect judgment tester tester repeats student response questioning tone says tell prompt student explain tester score item answers clearly incorrect questioned coaching differs encouragement questioning coaching helping student arrive answer tester coach student questioning encouraging tester careful avoid coaching coaching student response test item students responding aid skill needed testers administration timed items tests items student complete length receive credit general rule period begins tester finished presentation item items timed accurate stopwatch wristwatch estimation limits accurate test manual consulted specific guidelines timed items memory items require special skills tests require tester present visual stimuli period remove stimuli student view assess recall ability tests require tester present auditory stimuli student rate digit student tries recall repeat material timing memory items accurate test manual consulted specific instructions regarding memory items tests tester records student responses record form student replies test item
standard scores interpretation test results tests provide guidelines evaluation standard scores divided score ranges descriptive label manual wechsler terms iq range average range low average range borderline range mentally deficient labeling system consistently test test instance calls range borderline labels range inferior tests term ranges standard scores instance term average standard scores told newcomer considers range average standard score ranges test interpretation widespread practice special education today despite lack consistency tests common involves definition mental retardation american association mental deficiency says criteria mental retardation significantly general intellectual functioning explained performance standard deviations mean average tests test standard score mean standard deviation standard scores considered significantly standard deviations test based normal distribution scores range includes approximately population interpretation test results facilitated judicious standard score ranges logical system widespread consistent tests yield standard scores
questions student generated sources standardized test specific information needed plan instruction student able read grade level norm test reading achievement teacher wish student able say sounds letters sees letters orally read grade sight words blend sounds questions generated analysis student classroom observation curriculum guides questions formulated specific terms instructional objectives written questions instructional objectives main components desired student behavior stated observable terms conditions behavior occur criterion acceptable performance behavior mager teacher interested determining student knows alphabet worthwhile question needs specific knowing alphabet interpreted ways reciting alphabet writing alphabet manuscript cursive saying names sounds letters teacher wants student recite alphabet objective begin say letters alphabet order conditions occur student needs asked teacher needs recite alphabet memory needs recite minutes behavior conditions stated student told teacher say alphabet say names letters alphabet order memory minutes
specific learning ability affects individual capacity deal information generally concerns specific aspect learning process individual abilities visual perception memory auditory perception interest specific learning abilities generally viewed precursors learning academic skills considered readiness skills young elementary school students educators typically interested specific learning abilities predictors future school performance measures school readiness teachers feel students need auditory discrimination skills profit instruction phonics older elementary school students specific learning abilities evaluated acquisition academic skill delayed memory skills students unable recall basic math facts scrutinized interest readiness skills underlying academic performance problems spurred part concept specific learning disabilities wallace learning disabilities perceptual motor deficits psychological processing disorders perceptual handicaps postulated contributors school performance problems aspect specific learning abilities learning strategies learning strategies defined alley techniques principles rules facilitate acquisition manipulation integration storage retrieval information situations settings learning abilities viewed separate specific areas aptitude learning strategies focus methods approach learning tasks learning abilities strategies relate aspects learning process assessment procedures areas tap content
current trend special education appears training psychological processes direct instruction academic subject areas haring notion specific learning abilities remains attractive educators reason idea readiness history remains concern education young children logical student specific learning abilities considered choosing instructional methods materials students severe auditory discrimination problems expected trouble learning read phonics approach educators choose pass student discrimination problems teaching reading visual look say approach persist phonics approach order train student auditory discrimination ability event idea aptitude treatment interaction matching learning style instruction appealing research date support practice matching student abilities instructional methods area reading smith dawson waugh tests specific learning abilities schools today educators consider test results decisions concerning eligibility instruction teachers tried teach students severe auditory visual motor problems idea abilities unimportant students severe learning disabilities exist difficulty learning traditional instructional methods notion specific learning abilities totally discarded inadequate measurement techniques ineffective training programs encourage conceptualization research area practicing extreme caution moratorium assessment procedures questionable quality
succeed classroom students avoid displaying inappropriate behaviors employ study skills habits wallace note student behaviors significant accept tasks provided teachers complete tasks reasonable amount neatly accurately participate group activities table breaks behaviors poses questions questions guide developing informal assessment procedures importance student ability study independently brown describes independent study behaviors undertaken show known learned produced form homework test responses oral recitations interviews isolation highly independently intentional incidental rewarded punished grades content areas requiring student knows learn involving practice skill criterion performance learned inductively peers teachers parents order effective habitual independent study behaviors assessed directly observing student habits interviewing student table lists areas covered student interviews students asked planning study activities plan study students study distinguished need learn study contingency management rewards dependent acceptable study activities stimulus control material studied attractive student help teach students study cases study skills habits related motivation
methods gathering information reading skills special education assessment team reading achievement tests assess skill areas informal reading inventories tests comprehension skills informal procedures checklists criterion tests sources answer assessment questions educational needs level reading achievement strengths weaknesses tasks team assessment information gathered compare contrast results reconcile differences occur results reading assessment related findings areas general learning aptitude specific learning abilities classroom behavior school performance final step instructional goals objectives student iep analyzing results reading assessments factors considered nature assessment tasks relationship reading learning classroom behavior effects reading problems school performance translation assessment data instructional plans assessing reading skills consider variety tests procedures measure skills table presents reading measures discussed chapter skills tapped assess word recognition comprehension skills measures includes major reading skills skill areas neglected structural analysis application measures assess skill areas actual tasks evaluate skills vary widely woodcock woodcock assess word recognition skills
students grades includes items tapping math skills grade level items students look test page drawings numbers listen test question give verbal response questions open ended multiple choice written responses required operations addition subtraction multiplication division involve mental written computations reading skills needed tester reads item student including items word problems special training required give according manual extensive formal training experience test administration effective administration instrument volunteer workers teacher aides classroom teachers manual notes test interpretation professional educators expertise area mathematics instruction easy administer manual suggests student seated corner table tester special seating arrangement tester sides test notebook basal established consecutive correct responses ceiling consecutive incorrect responses begun test item believed student skill level starting points estimated grade levels established previously give students area content operations selected entire battery
poor math performance impact areas school achievement basic classroom coping skills involve math mathematical concepts count read numerals order locate correct page number book students understand terms greater follow teacher instructions simple math skills needed classes physical education students asked count math competence important content area subjects science areas students expected math skills able addition math required vocational areas importance measurement skills measurement needed cooking sewing carpentry mechanics agriculture trades money skills important vocational areas daily students unable tell deal simple exchanges money place competent peers addition effects math areas school performance consider math influenced curriculum areas math requires reading skills especially comprehension word problems beginning math instruction students learn read write numerals math symbols poor math performance affect academic skills areas school performance influence math assessment team asks assessment questions gathers data attempts answer questions sources assessment information math provide divergent results team attempt understand discrepancies analyzing nature assessment tasks
classroom learning screening instrument developed authors elementary school children claims culturally part screening consists minute administered class group individually administered conducted school weeks producing total raw scores tasks child raw scores examiner teacher calculates performance index index achievement child task addition examiner calculates learning index index child improved course days practice task depend achievement learning scores found culturally identify population slow learners identify minority population slow learners classroom learning screening based pupils normative data included manual pupils refer classroom learning screening offer advantage designed minority group students approaches assessment identification handicapped learners offer promise future case sex bias groups significant efforts aid discriminatory practices existing assessments american psychological association developed standards educational psychological tests stress cultural aspects test administration interpretation figures informal checklists minimizing bias assessment process psychologists generally agree test universally applicable fair persons cultures assess important psychological characteristics
parents prepared conference finding purpose meeting occur participate parents ready answer questions student interests goals student illustrated figure helpful parents major topics discussed meeting especially concerning development key components iep encourage greater participation conference ask questions volunteer information challenge data presented sum participate fully parental involvement influenced physical environment conference takes place simpson suggest professionals increase parent participation scheduling conferences rooms private making arrangements conferences interrupted phone calls knocks door gathering conference materials insuring parents feel undivided attention professionals parents seated professionals table professionals effort include parents physically actual deliberations team communication style conferences affect degree parents feel included professionals verbally nonverbally sincere desire parents stewart describe communication strategies professionals parents professionals advocates insist parents involved effort insure advocates perceive adversary relationship parents prepared parents regardless uncooperative parents
standards nature meant majority designed convenience mind educational assessment test adminstration scoring interpretation evaluation process developed schools includes set guidelines operate groups rights considered guarded midst assessment standards parents handicapped minorities stand main victims increasing efforts establishing set assessment procedure preconceived criterion skill mastery ways represent individuality process parents exceptional students programmed special individual nature child needs consumers professionals approach basis assessment process parents involved involved professionals decide advocate rights plain truth matter true parent advocates society aspect assessment process set points need positive attitude parents due process procedures event parental disapproval assessment decisions student parents dislike kind program decided disappointed student found eligible special services parents reverse decision prevent appeal process adversarial nature professionals effort educate parents appeal procedures merely inform need faith parents handicapped schools
contemporary western culture child centered interested children development welfare clearly facilitated progress child psychology ways children treated vary place place era contemporary western parents tend protective young children sheltering aspects real keeping close family age segregated groups school neighborhood case things medieval times infants wet nurse age youngsters lived homes strangers worked apprentices late seventeenth century witnessed marked change attitudes children morals reasons fully understood linked strong religious currents reformation counter reformation clergymen era began encourage separation children adults adolescents concept childhood period innocence helplessness emerged children regarded special innocent souls spared references sexual matters moral religious education principal objects school closely linked instruction utilitarian skills reading writing considered exercise trade additionally parents advised emotionally close children concepts childhood education salient gave rise speculative literature child psychology development earliest writers primarily philosophers clergymen physicians educators reformers dealt issues critical developmental psychologist
young children learn motives feelings emotions detrimental personal adjustment block future efforts achieve goals child friendly approaches members family generally meet rejection punishment child withdraw social interactions subsequently find difficult establish satisfactory social relationships peers school recent experiments dogs infants show feelings helplessness learned series experiments dogs severe shocks strapped harness escape shock situation escape shock quickly jumping low fence side room ordinarily dogs easily learn escape dogs experienced inescapable shock try escape responses opportunity setting control group experienced inescapable shocks learned escape response quickly dogs experimental group accepted inevitability shock inescapable shock experience learned futility trying escape effect learned general sense helplessness experiments week human infants confirm feelings readily learned infants group learned move heads frequently movements produced interesting show rotation brightly painted mobile hanging crib infants actually controlled rotation mobile heads rested pressure sensitive pillow simply moving heads slightly activated mobile turning control group infants saw mobile rotating periodically turned infants control
attempting understand behavior developing child factors considered simplest behavior result influences basically influences fall major categories genetically determined biological variables biological variables lack oxygen birth process malnutrition child past learning social psychological environment parents siblings peers teachers general social cultural milieu child develops child behavior personality product continuing continual interaction nature nurture consider biological environmental influences separately important realize basically ease exposition practice easily determine set forces contributes event interact continually produce effect consider analogy snowfall cold temperature high proportion moisture air required produce snow say cold temperature percent responsible moisture percent responsible snowflakes speak genetic environmental determinants behavior acknowledge act unison true individual cell person chemical action genetic material cell function material nucleus chromosomes effect single gene depend constellation genes cell scientists try discover specific genetic environmental forces controlling specific behavior ask influence important ask relative importance moisture cold snowfall
newborn period considered cover days infant recovering physiological trauma birth beginning establish equilibrium environment newborns possess capabilities moment birth hear smell taste sensitive pain touch change position true mammals puppies reader blind deaf birth newborn behavioral equipment remarkably developed young infant variety reflexes survival complex newborns hours follow moving light eyes speed light movement fast infant pupils dilate darkness constrict light newborns suck finger nipple inserted mouth turn direction cheek corner mouth touched additionally cry cough turn vomit lift chin prone position grasp object palm infants react loud sound startle newborns flex extend limbs smack lips chew fingers important interesting responses shown newborns called reflex response infant throws arms side extends fingers brings arms hands midline embracing infants show reaction sudden change head position show event surprises
dimensions temperament obvious potentially significant group investigators suggested kinds differences infants addition mentioned degree regularity functions eating elimination cycles sleeping wakefulness adaptability behavior environment threshold response sensitivity stimuli intensity energy level response span attention persistence activity table definitions months age evidence span attention significance future behavior especially boys group infants seen months age month olds showed rapid loss interest habituation set faces presented repeatedly group infants showed sustained interest presentations faces children seen months age rapidly boys showed toys shifting toy slowly group tended play toy longer period shifting group fast tempo group slow tempo boys extreme earlier ages retained fast slow tempo play birthday light wiry month boys lost interest faces quickly showed frequent shifts play months displayed shorter periods sustained attentive play train blocks months boys slow adapt faces shifted activities
natural environment jungle young monkey clings hairy undersurface mother months birth nature supplied infant monkeys strong grasping reflex monkeys attached objects response mother effective stimulus reaction puppies closely warm underbelly mother precocial birds ducks chickens able walk birth follow mothers sounds move frightened distressed human infant naturally strong reactions infant smiles sucks cries scans manipulates holds things natural course events mother target responses mother talks stimulates baby babble moves face child scans baby play hair explore face equally important mother child hunger cold distress performing caretaking acts infant studying face form babbling occasionally smiling result daily repetition interactions infants attached caretakers location city apartment farmhouse bamboo hut mountains guatemala months age infants differentiated caretakers allow pick cry rock sleepy feed hungry special earned privilege infant likely approach smile play likely fear figure
memory involves processing storing retrieving information language aid processes clearly shown known experiment groups subjects exposed series stimulus figures labels figures group figure labeled beehive labeled hat later subjects asked reproduce figures memory called figure beehive tended distort figure looked label hat tended draw apparently verbal label remembered figure reconstructed conform label verbal rehearsal commonly effective enhance memory strategy children learn easily memory experiment graders presented series pictures objects vase spoon hammer experimenter slowly pointed turn later children presented larger group pictures asked pick experimenter pointed spontaneously labeled stimulus objects rehearsed labels recall rehearse difficulty recalling stimuli easily trained label rehearse training level recall improved markedly studies demonstrate verbal labeling rehearsing facilitate memory labeling recalling events children able recognize pictures unfamiliar objects label accurately guatemalan children age living primitive isolated villages shown pictures objects completely unfamiliar telescope golf club child readily label
status concept refers degree articulation clarity stability exactness thinking concept size murky understanding concept clearer exact stable enhanced status knows fathers larger babies able concept relative size situations say animals sets buildings accessibility refers concept thinking degree concept communicated child increasingly able talk concepts ask boy meaning concept goodness number says behavior comprehension concepts hand easily talk ideas procedures psychologists evaluate child understanding concept animal reveal levels validity status accessibility concept wise rely assessment procedure decide child understanding concept conclusion demonstrated study children aged knowledge concept animal measured ways simplest procedure children asked animals knew child animals concluded knowledge concept procedure involved phenomenon interference procedure child read words belonged concept bear tiger chicken
children age solve matching familiar figures test concerned avoiding error test sort unconcerned making mistakes task concerned errors tasks children age response times typically fewer errors fast solution times errors children respond quickly errors contrast respond slowly errors tend retain disposition preferred tendency moderately stable reflective children respond slowly errors contrast impulsive children wait longer describe picture delay longer answering question posed adult likely report words list read likely errors reading english prose fewer errors inductive reasoning tests study grade children tests inductive reasoning test children told characteristics object asked guess object yellow melts sun eat doors wheels moves impulsive children responded quickly questions errors reflective children eye tracking patterns types children studied reflective children scan visual stimuli efficiently likely search variants offering solution hypothesis impulsive children adopt riskier strategy answer examined variant carefully
culture forms children expression aggression generally change age olds temper tantrums likely hit push kick older children nursery school children physically verbally aggressive likely older children seize child toys possessions resistance suggestions defiance rules forms aggression early school children insult tease call names younger children preschool child insults classmate likely hit response elementary school children likely respond insult insult excluding child group club team expressing aggression common older children younger greater detail later child expresses aggression readily forms intensity aggressive expression depend factors included conditions events situation frustrations barriers prevent individual obtaining goal satisfying motive coercion attack personal qualities irritability pent hostility anxiety behaving aggressively past experiences reinforcement aggressive actions opportunities observe imitate aggressive models children acquired strong inhibitions expression aggressive impulses result past punishments aggressive actions identification children likely exhibit high levels overt aggression children inevitably encounter frustrations course growing according popular substantiated hypothesis aggression common reaction frustration
stresses conflicts divorced parents parent child especially mother son relationships deteriorate evident data longitudinal study parents children tested interviewed observed parents divorce compared married parents divorced inconsistent discipline affectionate lacked control children fewer maturity demands communicate divorced mothers showed fewer positive reactions son behavior negative techniques negative commands prohibitions opposition requests handling sons divorced parents hard part explain adverse effects divorce severe enduring boys girls compared boys nuclear families boys separated fathers age average masculine orientation behavior pp dependent aggressive divorced mothers encouraged independent mature positive masculine behaviors positive attitude males husbands boys divorced families differ nuclear families measures sex typing addition mothers exhibited valued interpersonal sensitivity nurturance children highly showing positive attributes masculinity femininity older adolescent sons divorced parents differ peers overt masculine behavior preferences unconscious identification remain feminine children reactions parents generalize situations home sons single mothers antisocial impulsive controlled rebellious adult authority lacking sense social responsibility able delay gratification
changing adult culture act set limits peer associations suburban middle class white child urban lower middle class black child restricted opportunity interaction children cultural ethnic socioeconomic backgrounds detriment parents restrict opportunities children allow children associate segregation boys girls peer groups middle childhood partially encouraged adult culture efforts promote sex typed identification limits set social circumstances larger adult culture structure function membership children groups age tend occur largely autonomous fashion marked similarities generation generation early middle childhood informal groups formed children predominate school age child likely refer gang gang formal rules governing rapid turnover membership expediency plays large role determining group membership later ages tendency children groups highly structured cohesive aspects formal organization special membership requirements elaborate rituals conducting meetings membership change frequently group formal organizations boys clubs campfire girls important especially middle class children child socialization augmented interactions agemates groups power peers varies culture culture historical era
general positive conflict free sexual identity identity fostered rewarding identification sex parent identification supported opposite sex parent stressed identification sex parent parent sex role model necessarily imply adoption traditional sex role stereotypes development conflict free sexual identity distinguished sex role stereotypes outward forms role behavior takes important kind parental identification based role behavior vary widely consistent basic biological nature girl boy girl identified traditionally feminine mother girl identified socially assertive intellectual highly independent mother achieve conflict free adjustment strong sense ego identity girl likely score low stereotyped measure femininity hand girl sex role behavior based rejection mother regardless mother traditional modern identification mother rejects basic biological identity resents sexual nature childbearing capability hostile opposite sex difficulty establishing stable secure ego identity similar results obtained recently term longitudinal investigation institute human development university california berkeley
lower class minority poor white youth suffered economic deprivation ethnic discrimination alienation extent imposed society young prevented accident birth discrimination sharing affluent society television screen majority adolescents disadvantaged groups blacks spanish speaking persons mexican american puerto rican heritage appalachian whites amerian indians born culture poverty urban ghettos rural slums reservations poorly prepared intellectually psychologically socially disadvantaged children enter overcrowded run schools conditions fail normal school progress drop school soon able jobs likely skill level find discriminated jobs qualified young seeking needing country disheartening percent unemployed minority youth generally figure rises staggering percent living disorganized dilapidated ghettos largest cities unemployment total situation shows indication imminent change youth idea american dream merely nightmare worse young alienated dominant american culture cut possibility developing clearly defined confident assertive personal cultural identity resenting discrimination subjected dominant majority society accept partially attitudes values beliefs
concerns moral values standards assume special prominence adolescence vital development strong sense identity adolescent greater cognitive ability makes able deal moral questions sophisticated manner understanding lead moral behavior based strong internalized moral standards conscience effective mature conscience turn facilitated parents disciplinary practices based primarily induction reasoning child providing explanations rules standards religious beliefs adolescents reflect accelerated cognitive development young person religious beliefs likely abstract literal ages likely decline stated importance religion formal religion adolescence young adulthood college students course adolescence significant shift direction greater abstraction political thought increase capacity developing consistent political ideology shift political social activism contemporary youth values characterized youth culture late remain strong including emphasis importance love friendship privacy expression fulfillment greater tolerance regardless race sex social origins despite reduction political activism continuing skepticism regarding morality effectiveness social institutions including business government privileged youth enjoy feel control future blue collar youth optimistic
education criticized folkways practices educational recipes standardized procedures formally informally passed teachers help survive classrooms practice exists scientific concepts psychology anthropology sociology linguistics cybernetics related disciplines help teachers interpret complex reality classrooms teachers lack theoretical background understanding provided scientifically derived concepts interpret events classrooms according popularly held beliefs common sense common sense serves ample evidence teachers habitually rely events classrooms beginning teachers frequently face difficult situation receiving contradictory messages professors teachers professors apt focus theoretical knowledge experienced teacher advise forget fancy theoretical stuff listen tell works real folkways approach education conflict teacher learned create dilemma handle actual situation problem confronting teachers theories put unworkable simply haven internalized theories point interpret solve practical problems provided sufficient opportunities apply knowledge translate theory practice master theoretical concept derived psychology enormous implications teachers concept reinforcement
addition teachers think ahead consider planning essential activity designing lesson teachers interesting parts teaching deal variety exists teachers approach planning important aspect developing skill planning discovering kind planning works chapter designed assist process despite scarcity educational research teacher planning concepts help improve planning skills concepts sources general knowledge decision making process professional knowledge instructional process primary tasks teacher planning decisions decisions range seemingly simple matters organizing seating arrangement classroom complex problems determining children need learn planning decisions basic types range decisions stand unchanged months full short term decisions determine hour simple complex planning decisions short term range planning decisions involve essentially process basic planning process involves goal purpose mind finding pupils relation goal devising instructional procedures move pupils goal determining tell procedures teachers simple step process plan emphasize step equally goal purpose vague times general description pupil background needs considered sufficient
plans chalkboard basic medium recording information plan supplemented worksheets plan student demonstration additional source information plan overhead projector chalkboard supplemental plan chart sentence strips present examples simple expanded sentences follows individual worksheets plan requires preparation materials sentence strips worksheets advance word cubes dice word cards form sentences examples students creative writing plan open pupil ideas worksheet saying add try writing sentences plan type pupil independence organizing small groups pupils cooperate expand act sentences plans provide opportunity independent pupil thinking plan pupils merely generate words phrases fit spaces teacher specifies plan pupils option write simple sentences don appeal plan moderate opportunity independent thinking pupils generate individual simple sentences clauses follow test beginning sentences ask pupils design game expanding sentences developing rules point system plan individual differences worksheet section says try writing sentences pupils write sentences varying complexity
introductory psychology course designed acquaint students psychology science potential area study leading specialized career psychology psychology discussed research oriented science process theory building science practical application content course center study human behavior seeking answers questions act kind function individual group member aspects human behavior important high school students stressed problems dealing psychological physical social development personality learning motivation mental health social psychology emphasis course major psychological research findings findings applied solution everyday problems asked write summary exhibit included summary statement help begin thinking students learn course fit total curriculum general content course task write short statement describing course fits total curriculum order taught school system kinds courses students likely finish course likewise want teachers course expect students
accident tv formula radio tv dramatists practiced art teasing audiences list weekly monthly publications producers popular television series meticulously plan prepare direct shows audiovisual techniques designed viewers show glued sets satisfy needs participated complete experience learning theorists practitioners interested teacher training known effective techniques skillfully employed teachers classroom setting educators developed elaborate schemes classifying analyzing techniques underlying concepts recent research identified lesson presentation skills considered part classroom recitation process frequently researched found introducing lesson set induction retaining student attention lesson stimulus variation explaining providing reinforcement planned summarizing procedures closure gage research describe common teaching method combination lecture discussion individual instruction combination method requires teachers considerable amount verbal structuring directing lesson research teachers verbal classroom behavior additional support fact teachers tend talking classrooms flanders states percent talk goes average classroom teacher talk mean teachers talk students simply emphasizes fact situations teachers assume important role
briggs describe detail events instruction designed move learner beginning lesson achievement capability identified lesson objective important element planning events instruction interaction style teacher chooses chapter basic interaction styles teacher group teacher student student student emphasized teacher group interaction teacher centered instructional style teacher lecturing demonstrating class questions asked directed group specific individual situation teacher showing students alternate problem solving techniques problem mathematics presenting social studies class important historical background information related political problem text demonstrating power tool students woodworking class teacher student interaction teacher directed teacher centered instructional style situation teacher directs student recitation discussion questions engage specific students lesson type interaction frequently students assigned read class teacher prepared series questions based material contained reading questions range difficulty simple recall interpretation teacher directs questions students class ask volunteers student student interaction student centered instructional style teacher role consists redirecting student questions students comment clarification teacher ask student explain student encouraging student student interaction
reinforcement rewarding desired student performance recognized teaching skill typical teacher reinforcers answer excellent ring classrooms corridors schools nation recent studies educators fully understand effects reinforcement circumstances reinforcement actually detract learning process decrease quality student response reinforcement techniques fall broad categories verbal nonverbal common verbal reinforcers word phrase responses okay nice job excellent number verbal reinforcers extensively provide students powerful rewards important type verbal reinforcement percent occurs teachers student ideas developing lessons applying comparing building contributions students important reinforcement techniques research shows provide students voice directing learning classes reinforcement techniques applied students positive attitudes higher achievement classrooms student ideas incorporated development lessons verbal reinforcement important motive increasing student desire participate nonverbal reinforcement fact powerful verbal reinforcement nonverbal reinforcement refers physical messages teachers cues eye contact facial expression body position teacher smile frown remain impassive student comments class teacher looking student teacher standing instructor relaxed tense
bases classify concepts easier harder learn frequently cited criterion difficulty extent concepts perceived concrete abstract purposes simplification let rough definition concreteness refers perceive directly senses taste smell touch sound sight contrast refers acquire indirectly senses perceive directly senses problems distinctions practice suffice illustrate type classification system clearly system chair tree glass similar objects concrete concepts presumably easier learn similarly beauty freedom justice empathy similar terms abstract presumably harder learn wide range concepts defy simple classification system view concepts examine frequently learned formal informal contexts concepts acquire informal channels experience car house television fire systematic channels instruction schools job training programs parents legislature hydrogen preposition square abstract concepts acquired formally beauty truth result complex blend formal informal instruction difficult assess type instruction generally dominant concepts perspective concept types divides classes conjunctive disjunctive according frame reference conjunctive concept difficult learn single set qualities characteristics learn girl say things
tia member girl scouts james member boy scouts girl scouts boy scouts organizations girl scouts boy scouts agree follow rules enjoy playing games going trips boys grade class started pirate club organization boys interested things pirate stories ships set rules club rule meet month hear pirate stories stands baseball game organization interested baseball join group agree rules order baseball game fans stands game form organization baseball teams fans watching organization team members wish play baseball obey rules agree rules team allowed belong team members practice play susan parents belong temple house thomas parents belong church miles house temple church organizations members learn god members agree follow customs temple church agree believe things morton owns small bread company member company bakes bread delivers company organization morton interested company set rules follow
let moments review development interpersonal communication skills taxonomy skills involved cluster entitled students expressions feelings mood behaviors stimulate teacher student interaction enhance potential effective interpersonal communication model attending active listening behaviors communicating students put business ready listen interact effectively attending students communicated hear touch body posture reflects comfort level puts ease observing facial expressions body postures listening pitch tone voices actual words listening actively differentiating feeling word messages cluster ii skills clarifying students expressions feelings teach respond students specific ways paraphrasing students verbal messages allow hear words help clarify misinterpretations describing behaviors help aware physical reactions accompany verbal dialogue adding interpretation descriptions share perceptions speaking acting manner interpretations provide additional insights regarding connection thoughts feelings behaviors levels reflecting students opportunity accept reject reactions perceptions mutual feedback enable gain valuable information regarding interpersonal interactions help students aware thoughts feelings resulting behaviors point begin effects actions persons
previous section argued definition term classroom management views classroom management process set activities teacher establishes maintains conditions facilitate effective efficient instruction purpose section expand position providing description classroom management stage analytic pluralistic process teacher specifies desirable classroom conditions analyzes existing classroom conditions selects utilizes managerial strategies assesses managerial effectiveness classroom management process purposeful teacher managerial strategies order achieve defined clearly identified purpose establishment maintenance classroom conditions teacher feels facilitate effective efficient instruction students step effective classroom management process specification conditions teacher deems desirable specification ideal conditions teacher develop clear thoughtful conceptualization conditions believes enable instruct effectively teacher recognize conditions identified desirable large extent reflect personal philosophy set universally accepted empirically validated truths additionally teacher recognize need continually assess utility conceptualization modify circumstances dictate teacher takes care classroom conditions believes desirable major advantages teacher teacher likely view classroom management process simply reacts problems occur teacher set objectives efforts directed accomplishments evaluated
main managerial problems requiring attention present physical psychological danger potential danger student students involved situations demand teacher act act quickly situations teacher feels need act quickly minor problem fight involving students represents type problem danger physical harm teacher acts immediately deal problem minimize consequences instance student teasing student teacher knows likely react violently provoked type problem situation teacher moves quickly prevent minor problem teacher action order forestall possibility violent reaction teased student unfortunately firm guidelines teacher determine situations require attention need let things hand need minor problems ability judgments regard comes experience commitment constant alertness effective teacher spot situation requiring attention rule thumb act immediately sins omission likely lead consequences sins commission purpose section discuss analysis process place comment situations require action part teacher
rating scale help observer focus specific observable aspects behavior scale things examined help improve reliability evaluating performance reduce errors due observer bias developing rating scale involves steps develop checklist step defining scale characteristic added step difficult easier define extreme ends scale describe defining extremes easiest think real examples suppose developing rating scale evaluating social development graders characteristics feel important sharing friends define extreme ends think child exemplifies characteristic child shares readily friends unselfish manner imagine child shares mind write describe sharing description defines positive end scale define extreme negative low end scale think child poor sharing describe child behavior basis description low end scale examining extremes able imagine fairly easily fall middle scale fairly easy define completed scale characteristic sharing look note point numbers scale
process forming judgments known times judge car want buy quality restaurant tv show neatness classroom warmth home friendliness neighbors judgments basic process compare information thing judging referent say restaurant bad food nearly mom decide cold house thermometer reads determine car expensive similar cars selling feel expensive afford spend case compare information referent chart illustrates process variety judgments breaks judgment parts information referent information compared note kinds examples frequently compare information reference group food restaurant compared food restaurants dined number problems george correct compared average number correct class kind judgment based norm approach want determine persons things judging meet minimal criterion standard criterion carefully basis comparison car judged expensive compare price amount afford spend
primary considerations evaluating instruction determine kind information obtain effectiveness instruction determine referent judging effectiveness instruction kinds information determine effectiveness instruction information behaviors teacher feel instruction occurs teachers things provide behavioral objectives students interact deal students ask types questions instruction obtaining information things place begin evaluation teaching teacher effectiveness rating scales focus teacher behaviors kind information helpful check progress teacher misleading effectiveness instruction teacher things necessarily ensure teaching improved learning popular slightly measure teaching effectiveness comes student ratings teacher effectiveness number fairly developed instruments allow students evaluate teachers decide design focus characteristics teachers difference open ended questions class class effective give teacher information course ultimate test teaching effectiveness students learn problems learner achievement measure teaching effectiveness students learn despite teacher
students cynthia grade clustered listening corner teacher orally visually shared story dog reflection story ms prepared transparencies written story words red black transparency bore sentence quickly ran butcher shop snatched juicy bone case quickly red words black transparency sentence dog ran lamb pursued shouting stop dog stop case red transparency words course didn stop fourth clutched bone tightly words course red beginning story ms asked graders listen purpose served red words listen words describe dog butcher students listened intently discussed reactions children readily perceived red words helped carry story action forward ms named words asked students think words writing move idea graders volunteered favorite prompting youngster contributed youngster contributed ms recorded board dog reflection requested student needed handwriting practice chart list leaving space additional students find individual reading group listening point ms turned students attention story meanings
relaxed initial choral speaking talking vocabulary building activity fourth graders picked lap boards crayons construction paper slowly eileen morris reached straw mystery bag pull pear call asked write word paper draw sketch children worked quickly displayed papers compare spellings fast dictionary check class word sleuth verified pear spelling fat fruit set ms morris soon reaching mystery bag pulled paring knife began pare pear assignment write draw illustrative sketch children wrote drew displayed words checked dictionary point ms morris reached bag pull pair scissors pair tongs pair rolled trousers objects similar word wise queried write word common objects paper task difficult children teacher revised plans asking youngsters call relationships hit word pair children tried spelling word papers sleuth verified dictionary ms morris spread word cards showing pair pare pear floor youngsters mated cards objects teacher quickly picked card random asked participant sentence repeated procedure rapid fire succession times finally ms morris posed problem compose single sentence funny meaningful
consider verbal language human quality words primary teaching learning includes endless opportunities listen speak read write words think includes experiences phonemes morphemes building blocks words study build words sentences communicate able speak distinguish articulated sounds phonemes language roger brown defines phoneme smallest unit speech makes difference listener speaker say words aloud bat hat fat sat mat change phoneme beginning makes difference meaning listener substitute middle sound word bit hit fit sit mit english speaker perceives difference middle sound pair hit hat phonemes case vowel phonemes linguists identified forty phonemes sound system english forty phonemes children hear say english writing essentially alphabetic system printed form attempts represent sounds language writing graphic symbols graphemes sounds word symbols correspondence word sounds spoken graphic symbols strong correspondence form base students learning read write morpheme smallest meaning bearing unit language meaningful sequence phonemes subdivided destroying meaning unit consider word boys meaning analyzed boy means young subdivided losing meaning case means
upper grade students appreciate sound story selection carefully chosen series sixth graders played casey bat teacher distributed inflated balloons groups teacher read students listened identify contribution cue umpire called strike casey stamped jeered waved balloons roared approval casey selections listeners contribute words perfect story repetitive tale red hen groups dog hen cat contribute repeating lines pig cat goose red hen students contribution story physical grade teacher shared sylvester magic pebble class caldecott award winner sylvester parents try discover whereabouts asking case parents information teacher turned part listening group animals police point parents inquiry paused looked students playing role shook heads frowned response examples suggest stories told children participate telling overcome passivity bred participate effectively listen details react quickly children progress elementary activity listen order recall respond logically detail purpose filled listening detail occurs children cooperatively pursue learning tasks talk informally attend group presentations material shared orally participate structured discussions games
teachers asked children retell information heard step ask express opinions preferences judgments especially true children listen respond material content areas current events purpose obvious question choice possibilities choose choose graders studied pictures winter summer scenes part discussion climate think scene prefer tell similarly sixth graders listened teacher reads aloud trial battle trial ordeal trial chance decide system justice prefer give reasons support choices interestingly text series content listening discussion lessons suggest judgmental thinking part lessons teachers alert integrate judgmental listening ongoing curriculum designing questioning sequences help children listen formulate opinions judgments teachers find informational listening part sequence teacher planned lesson forms justice divided listening group segments focus form justice follow discussion listeners group elaborated form justice concentrated listening youngsters clear concept involved form justice formulate opinion similar sequences part story listening children listen comprehend happening judgments story characters actions
choral speaking children led conductor recite turn lines poem lower grades piece short teacher class heard teacher recite times children join lower middle grades piece printed chart called poetry broadside teacher orally introduce piece pointing words speaking upper grades piece duplicated sheet book children nonetheless broadside chart performs unifying function class chorus resembles orchestra teacher role conductor pivotal conductor responsible establishing rhythm indicating groups contribute parts keeping vital teacher speak clear voice physically lead chorus hand arm drum helps maintain beat conductor beats drum hand leading chorus youngster easily assume role keeper rhythm striking drum class choruses beat groups helpful convert rhythm band stick baton conduct flick stick means halt point stick means join children want assume role conductor chorus volunteer takes baton hand lead class selection practiced role adds pleasure choral speaking title giver
exciting technique thinking brainstorming brainstorming participant contributes words ideas mind reaction object event relevant contributions accepted equally recorded prominently weave later group individual composing brainstorming techniques need follow group happening especially youngsters upper grades draw storehouse previous experiences teachers find brainstorming produces amazing quantity material children experience teaching action demonstrates anne grant opened page leo biggest house read title turned recording serenade ballet les millions ricardo ms grant read snail dissatisfaction caused grow bigger bigger large move cabbage head music created mood harmony story story action peaked music snail realized folly dissatisfaction music listening children entranced story music faces reflecting empathy snail story music ended ms grant word picked cup resting counter reached tiny brown snail tentatively poking head house children clustered look closely grasped mollusk shell look closely magnifying glass ms grant distributed empty snail shells youngsters perimeter group trouble seeing live
sidney simon values clarification relevance teaching thinking part language arts strategies values clarification primarily oral interactive strategies ways analyze talk feelings opinions ways clarify bases judgments talk conceptions things acquire oral language skills process verbalize mentally organize ideas substance writing respect values clarification strategies ways inviting students think loud prepare writing ways involving students preparatory phase writing researchers today call prewriting hilda thinking questioning strategies implications associates investigated questioning patterns force students recall facts group classify information interpret data infer apply information principles predicting judging explaining patterns teachers encourage free flowing discussions students learn think complex relationships important writing students learn communicate effectively james moffett teaching writing offers clues teachers build thinking skills part language arts instruction moffett hypothesizes teach writing ultimately teach development speech mechanism talk heads talking oneself head thought schools encourage speech specific strategies moffett suggests task talk topic talk improvisation strategies talk loud internalized part individual thinking
create fresh ideas assign human attributes nonhuman things personification build unique analogies metaphor simile writers beware relying overly figures speech producing striking figures difficult task figurative language offers fine opportunities playing unusual relationships let look ways introducing children personification metaphor simile grade emilia read sun moon live sky read folktale shared blair lent pictures describing fish water graders listened enjoyed ms finished reading tale asked true story young giggled answering unanimous ms asked natural follow question say story happened graders talked things sun moon real folktale sun moon talk build house smile water lives house fish referred pupils gave specific items teacher listed board analyzing list pupils decided item actually human characteristic concluded reason tale unreal things acted talking teacher interjected term inanimate soon graders explaining writer endowed inanimate objects human qualities students begun develop conception personification teacher suggested let compare sun activities human activities
manner youngsters plot major story events chronologically straight undulating line incorporating sketches line think detail want include story conceiving story line planning children sketch start write sketch writing story lines assume complex dimensions lower grades students writing cumulative tale event builds directly preceding plotting story line staircase fun ideas staircase step children plot happen original stories top landing children plot climax children concoct story staircases worthwhile talk ways reaching landing endings relate story events story staircase eric rooster set figure model student inventions variation plot line flow chart arrows connect sketches verbal descriptions show direction story events flow charts figure upper graders compose cyclical tales stories main character goes home encounter adventure end returns home safety security students consider character leaves home character experiences character returns home early primary grades flow charts type simply series pictures tied arrows upper grades children gradually substitute words pictures case students kind flow chart listening reading guide
built sentences subject predicate parts children attempt write sentences varied patterns refine ability handle basic sentence patterns linguists identified basic kernel sentence patterns communicate research shown connection child understanding patterns ability write plausible hypothesis child considerable practice writing patterns begin sense essence sentence figure writing patterns teams compete compose greatest number sentences adhering pattern period later class judges sentences team displays sentences labels structure apparent children expand sentences language series puts sentences grow fun clip words sentence clothesline words alligators swim reverse sentence order swim alligators young children order pair add adjectives adverbs prepositional phrases sentence writing cards clipping cards line shift kernel patterns monkey spied tiger monkey afraid teacher punctuation cards capitalization markers ready pupils include signals teachers language series includes exercise similar shown margin exercise reinforce introduce concept teachers discovered children simply complete exercises book workbook allow opportunity develop concept fully need preliminary oral active sentence building children building expanding punctuating sentences
current heightened interest called basics language arts programs require greater attention development usage skills outlined figure skills include ability manage sentences paragraphs writing capitalization punctuation conventions noun verb usage patterns section let consider specific activities teach skills especially young children stress begin end sentences subject introduced sentences children generate dictate group experience stories children composed teacher goes notes children sentence beginnings asking participants sentence beginnings similar youngsters prior distinguishing upper lower case letters able explain sentence beginnings capitalized teacher records children write capital letters print story chart beginning capital letter sentence simultaneously young children sentence endings suggested earlier book children composing add marks signal sentence ends reread cooperatively composed express sentence signals vocal inflections later teacher orally reads story stopping sentence ends children quickly hold period question mark exclamation mark cards points soon children independently able pick sentence beginnings capitalization punctuation clues children basal reader prepare eventual writing sentence beginnings endings basal material children tell sentence beginnings stories read similar point sentence beginnings punctuation capitalization clues express end punctuation vocal intonation
words accomplished writers melody children perceive melody sentence sounds readers appreciate relationship melody meaning elementary grades appreciation cadence written words achieved intuitive level students hearing tuneful sentence sounds stories read aloud hearing word music mind ear read creating word magic compose stories poems integrated language arts approach reading appreciation exists isolation conjunction listening comprehension language production shown experiences teachers experimented reading story students follow written copies teachers read expressively clustering words meaningful chunks vocally expressing meanings words punctuation signals listeners volunteer reread individually chorus modeling teacher teacher divides group pairs story orally reading listening approach reading literary style attempt children aware individual language sounds words exist part larger units meaning reading consider wholes understood expressed children rereading passages read listening develop skill oral readers vocally interpret meanings found printed page past oral reading employed primarily determine children comprehension content unfortunately ability decode words sequence necessarily carry ability understand read hand oral reading build skill interpreting meanings vocally initiate talk content form style
united states canada large population migrants seasonal workers generally employed agriculture follow job opportunities place place migrant workers bilingual living southwest language classroom migrant children pose additional problem stay short school situation move enter classroom miss schooling overcome high level transience migrant children national computerized rapid system designed collect transmit data enrolled migrant child called migrant student record transfer system purpose supply teachers information migrant child academic health background result greater chance supplying migrant child continuous educational program programs geared meet needs migratory population teachers emphasize development healthy concept children move opportunity develop close friends poor speak language cultural background butt children children strengths knowledgeable geographical differences traveled widely capable painters storytellers teachers help children display talents success development positive concept teachers need emphasize language development cases youngsters language english supply firsthand experience base oral interaction design lessons involve consideration oral develop functional speaking listening english vocabulary
remediating severe speech disorder requires specialized training elementary school language arts teachers reason need highly qualified speech therapists overstressed school districts insufficient personnel exists teachers staff expanded impaired child access specialized attention week addition classroom teacher provide generalized attention especially lower grades teacher involve children intimately continually sounds language informal conversations teacher students help youngsters important pleasant speaking listening stories poems singing songs rhymes playing games require differentiation sounds heighten children sensitivity language sounds greater sensitivity built specific language exercises focus phonemes youngsters articulation problem practice producing sounds specialized activity occurs part reading readiness program children acquire auditory discrimination skills readiness exercises child works sound problem teacher correcting pointing speech errors general oral conversation activities continual correction makes speaking unpleasant worsen problem part reading oral interpretation selections attempt problems working group children vary pitch loudness experiment ways project voice choral speaking excellent develop vocal control children interpret lines poetry prose pitch loudness tone communicate meanings stuttering difficult problem teacher handle teachers young children realize repeating sounds typical speaking behavior stage
sitting nurse pushing champs tried kidnap held strap fastened nurse bravely tried stand thief received scratches vaguely face piaget clung memory fifteen parents received letter nurse confessing past sins returning watch reward protecting infant piaget fact story faking scratches piaget heard child account story parents believed projected past form visual memory memory memory false confirm speculation piaget devised set laboratory experiments test reliability unreliability children memories piaget piaget typical study showed children array ten sticks arranged shortest tallest shown drawing left asked children examine array closely asked draw describe recreate later date week later children asked reconstruct array set sticks olds succeeded reproducing original design drawings illustrate children offered variety incorrect responses months children asked reconstruct array younger children produce array correctly designs closer original week
ethologists simply report duck fish monkey guided specific hypotheses factors environment determine pairing aggressive threatening gesture location nest hypotheses tentatively confirmed animal natural habitat ethologists devise miniature experiments scene suppose interested waterfowl determined ducks follow mothers early age follow organisms days early attachment prime importance ducks learning socialization careful observation uncovered important set behaviors suppose informal observations suggest infant duck initially attracted clucking sound moving target tactile warmth provided contact organism rival explanations tested experimental intervention determine factor stimulates behavior intervene young duck motion key variable investigator prevent mother duck moving duckling nonetheless remained close mother moving target say painted balloon front duckling duckling follow target manipulations eventually determine single element combination brings offspring enduring parent tries determine factors environment infant imprinted permanently bonded mother figure lorenz duckling imprinted tape recording case sound serving
psychologists deeply divided aspects knowledge important study ultimate sources knowledge help portray disputes draw behaviors familiar description affective infant month child handling ball mother leaves room child react simply continues play playing ball mother leaves room stops playing begins crying suffering separation anxiety keeps crying mother returns simple behaviors radically meanings opposing psychological schools begin psychologists disagree aspects child knowledge important study psychologists environmental learning tradition rosenthal zimmerman interested specific contents child view concentrate objects child fears loves remembers forgets pleasures pains memories omissions considering examples environmental learning theorist likely focus children associations mothers feelings according view month formed strong associations mother pleasure react negatively mother absence child associate mother pleasurable feelings mother absence negative feelings pain reactions sharp psychologists cognitive structural school bruner greenfield piaget focus wholly set questions
sucking response special study utility elaborate organization newborns fact knowledge infants making comes examinations sucking piaget initially infant sucking reflexive response placement object mouth infant automatically efficiently root object eyes shut motor activity diminish object lends sucking action begins uniform pressure rate sucks rate affected environmental feedback age weeks infant sucking differentiated increasingly sensitive environmental events bruner wolff instance child nourished making lapping movements mouth part sucking behavior eventually extinguished child alter length pauses sucks interesting visual display presented disruption infant shut external stimulation sucking resume compulsive inflexible form baby months sucking exquisitely sensitive range events integrated perceptual schemes feeling states serve intelligent activities built organism reflex achieved instrumental status instance jerome bruner shown month infants learn sessions suck faster slower order blurry colored film clear
important trends occur middle ages establishment scientific inquiry principal respected activity western civilization course curious individuals probed mysteries nature ancient greeks especially advances astronomy medicine excessive awe ancients unthinking adherence dogma rampant superstition thwarted substantial accumulation knowledge fifteen centuries classical times sixteenth century social religious educational trends increased allowed active scientific inquiry facts constantly uncovered systematically recorded columbus discovery round violated established wisdom important principles scientific inquiry widely accepted growing interest experimenting devising hypotheses determining accuracy building theories integrated past observations led lines inquiry early eighteenth century astronomers physicists nicolaus copernicus galileo galilei isaac newton laid foundations modern science developed increasing respect scientific inquiry eagerness apply scientific discovery technological advances widespread feeling knowledge continue increase humanity lot continue improve physics chemistry launched eighteenth century significant contribution modern biological science occur origin species charles darwin published plant animal species longer seen god inviolable creation darwin posited evolutionary process millions rise plants animals present form
popular account acquisition language attributed human biological makeup struck undeniable fact animals intelligent humans talk researchers pointed unique human feature brain left cerebral hemisphere area specifically devoted language lenneberg encouraged claim humans uniquely predisposed language despite claims contrary chimpanzees box figure biological approach spawned claim language acquisition depend exposure language critical period lenneberg child reason heard language puberty begin speak claim challenged discovery abused child genie al isolated age exposed language discovered age thirteen genie able learn aspects language puberty aspects syntax remained reach discard notion critical sensitive period brain especially susceptible mastering language brain especially prepared acquire language childhood task learning language remains enormously complex task facilitated child equipped predispositions bring bear language drawing evidence languages proposal according child brings set strategies operating principles learning task determine aspects language mastered readily
erikson view play attempt master complex reality capture strengths difficulties communicate oneself erikson proposes child play infantile form human ability deal experience creating model situations master reality experiment planning past left affects anticipates future point view corrected shared past erikson play constructive adjusted child helps clarify options anticipate outcomes view object big bear kay opportunity replay themes important potentially anxiety provoking separation harm loss gain mastery interpreted defense problems coping behavior views treat play primarily child dealing wtih affective predispositions view play means learning physical means attaining physical cognitive skill scientists cognitive structural school approached play differently pioneering writing subject piaget assimilated play general preoccupation knowledge highlighting aspects typical exploratory play noting accommodation involved mastery deployment rules broad based view play means attaining cognitive skill held jerome bruner colleagues bruner bruner jolly proceeding observational studies young children nonhuman primates engage considerable exploratory play bruner attributes play crucial role development physical cognitive skills young children
extreme positions scientists werner piaget adopted point view sees development product individual predispositions genetic factors past history current stage proclivities species forces environment individuals social factors cultural tradition training methods growth results rich perpetual interplay equally potent forces interplay ultimately comes include individual perception environment actions environment environment adjustments individuals nowadays nearly scholars play lip service views comes controversial issues factors determining individual intelligence minority researchers actually holds strictly perspective key developmental concept encountered discussion sensorimotor development chapter equilibrium called mental behavioral development physical development seen inextricably linked individual existence biological organism individual continually interact environment achieve balance external forces internal forces mind body harmony emerge automatically periods crisis conflict difficulty process individual strive reestablishing sense balance proportion equilibrium tendency equilibrium basic property organic matter keeps psychological organism fairly keel physically ill body recuperative powers strive reintroduce health experienced mental emotional stress forces equilibrium bring stable functioning
initial studies focused abilities speakers choose adequate cues revise cues recently researchers examined development skills listeners ability children acting role onlookers eavesdroppers judge fault inadequate communication lies robinson patterson patterson press studies shown young listeners impaired young speakers unlikely appreciate speakers offering cues questions ask alternatives offer effort secure helpful cues paradoxically children learn mistakes peers mistakes adults adults provide incompetent messages children tend assume message adequate blame adaptive reasons respectful charitable peers general older children likely request clarification patterson press eavesdropping communicative sequences young children prove deficient tend judge effectiveness communication solely terms listener guessed correctly terms quality cues general tend blame listener failures speaker message blatantly inconsistent target card likely notice older children hand able attribute fault credit accurately faulty message happens culminate success armed information young children deficient researchers able isolate factors lead enhanced performance devise training programs enhance communicative skills younger subjects
researchers sympathetic cognitive structural position continue look principles knowing cut diverse symbol systems denying differences media symbol systems point departure searched analogous principles symbol system ways symbol system active researchers area patricia greenfield greenfield greenfield study greenfield schneider asked children construct mobile straws models contained sections subdivisions resembling formal complexity linguistic entities sentences narratives figure examining children attempts reproduce model researchers found principles characterize child developing linguistic ability ability organize elements complex hierarchical structure beagles greenfield increasing capacity interrupt part sequence order turn attention complete parallels construction sentences mobiles count greenfield view evidence organizer manifest diverse materials phrases olds build isolated parts mobile children form isolated word propositions begin combine words later stage hierarchical integration word propositions embedded word sentence similarly hierarchical integration parts mobile double branched structure final stage development tree structure greenfield schneider page broader gauged effort discern structures underlying diverse course symbol systems comes wolf engaged wolf gardner
problems number initially posed child need find spatial environment obligation animal fortunately sense direction feeling spatial layouts characterizes normal child find environment difficulty environments complex filled landmarks routes need arises represent spatial knowledge medium attainment knowledge space challenge spatial environments large studying child emerging conceptions space challenged experimental investigators predictably piaget early contributor literature spatial understanding seen chapter preoperational child fails spatial task indicating complex arrangement objects mountain terrain appears location noted introduction difficulties exhibited preoperational child ordering set sized sticks progress shortest longest piaget focused attention actual route finding mapmaking factors contribute ease performance general conceptual framework contributed understanding phenomena recent spatial understanding environments created experimenter white nancy hazen jeffrey lockman herbert pick tested children mastery environment consisting set rooms feet opaque curtain doors rooms uniform distinctive toy animal located center animals served landmarks help children find artificial layout
feeling case approach gleaned considering analysis conservation continuous quantities case distinguished child passes makes increasingly greater demands working memory substage isolated child merely notices global appearance water column appears large simply says substage unidimensional comparisons ages child makes careful comparison height picks higher water column liquid account heights retain comparison substage comparison ages entails noticing height difference diameter difference beakers factors considered child able appreciate qualitative compensation obtains dimensions finally fourth substage comparison addition dimension quantification child notices height diameter differences able quantifiable compensation appreciation actual number units changed case isolates number factors contribute cognitive growth child able handle larger number schemes remember information course solving problems facility comes child able handle basic operations automatic reflective operations automatic occupy smaller proportion child total attending capacity child working memory computing space attending features relevant solution problem
undertake explorations search experience adolescence touch number topics including predominant behaviors patterns found adolescents effects social ethnic backgrounds cognitive differences males females rocky course family peer relations view accompany adolescence guide return periodically major themes keystone sex experience adolescence course begins body evoke strong passions desirable sexual relations individuals opposite sex entails important attitudes values constant concern sex roles differences cognitive profiles cognitive styles adolescence quest autonomy early childhood youth spending increasing amount home ways moved distance parents siblings adolescence trends head youth permanent separation family peer group competes replaces family primary reference point experimentation sex drugs alternative styles means declaring autonomy course choices education career underscore individual considerable need fear autonomy final compass point experience adolescence youth increasing definition identity sexuality autonomy young adult forges feels identity sense confirms goals place larger community
individual feelings middle age depend gender female menopause occurs fairly early cycle ages forty fifty decisive event women sensitive lasting physical mothers charged childrearing middle age children leave home women markedly depressed result feelings chief mission ended scarf period opportunity fresh discoveries experiences undergo definite physical ordinarily sudden opportunity change routines middle age boredom fatigue occasional depression chance major slips observers speak mid crisis forties achieved mark success area feeling unfulfilled increasing number women engineer decisive shift career paths lifestyles crisis trappings adolescence identity crisis revisited characterization suggests mid crisis invention contemporary media medieval poet dante reminds divine comedy begins words middle journey dark wood straight lost ah hard thing tell wood savage harsh dense individual mid grips position community confront existence
window mature sense provided erik erikson erikson erikson stages crises cycle figure occur adulthood adolescent crisis identity versus role diffusion chapter young adult decisions marriage family erikson characterizes period intimacy relatedness especially loved isolation inability form loving relationship middle age firm style established period stagnation enjoy rich full active experience seemingly stagnant empty existence final stage crisis summing reviewing evaluating past alternatives stark feeling integrity events sense feeling despair run soon contributions matter general painfully futile erikson mature sense entails resolving crisis direction positive outcome adolescence sense identity young adulthood intimacy middle age age integrity erikson characterizes mature sense broadly speaks individual sense feeling give accept person capable acts strengthen developing potential facilitates potentials clearly based golden rule wish
today majority early education programs serve wide variety purposes parents wish variety experiences children influx parent involvement activities school setting purposes early education programs necessity vary greatly city traditional early childhood programs opportunities socialization creative activities emphasized instances beginning reading math instruction important part program aspects early childhood programs dominate today schools socialization creativity introduction science math social studies art music physical development reading recognized valid goals young children early education programs comparatively concept early childhood education developed early concept early intervention began project head start national comprehensive program disadvantaged children created part war poverty head start changed direction previous early childhood programs united states studies bloom bruner hunt confirm importance environmental factors facilitating development children experimental programs exist research findings date reinforce earlier studies regarding effectiveness early intervention prior kindergarten study reported approximately million children age poverty level families mother addition economically disadvantaged children receive environmental stimulation cognitive development recent study reported positive gains studies reported
believed balance individual freedom society responsibility develop skills knowledge values allow individual live society play natural effective children learn develop abilities basic tenets productive activity needed children play believed play depended amount freedom children express aims ability carry decisions kindergarten attempted systematize play leadership adults robbing play freedom taking spontaneity independence action children stressing influence environment development believed children develop true active interest interesting conditions age experience felt teacher responsibility lay providing conditions interest environment organized materials stimulate creative activity teacher kindergarten responsible selecting environment materials suit ages degrees development classes provided conditions children define sensations emotions book describes activities specifically designed foster stimulate emotions constructed gifts toys activities geared aid child development kindergarten gifts occupations kindergarten system activities modified form today preschool programs gifts kindergarten included balls cubes cylinders blocks sizes dimensions freely class presented utilized prescribed ways handling geometric shapes children learn observe compare
early experienced educators united states experienced working young children bird baldwin arnold stanley hall began collecting call normative data information bird baldwin students logs observations children included reactions stimuli conditions settings observations took place writings research began concentration child abstract theory timed visual observations filmed observations assistants began collecting data young children controlled settings viewing glass soundproof rooms hidden cameras data collected exactness tried emphasis began child study movement information normative data chapter child study movement encouraged collection normative data set stage research learning behavior physical growth child study data ensuing research conflicting philosophies education young children developed issue conflict attitudes education faction frank dewey erikson believed early education developmental child developed rate environment physical academic enriched prime goal theorists develop social skills foster expression provide creativity believed child potential naturally occurred faction eliot mcmillan believed education enforcement individuals believed structured environments behavioral objectives competence based instruction goals programs developed young children
patterns child rearing vary culturally children lower income homes permissive upbringing middle class backgrounds cases opposite true permissiveness encourage children unruly classroom insistence early control bodily functions cleanliness rigorous inconsistent children homes reading oral standard english limited deficient language development persons widely racial ethnic groups lived poverty generations share set attitudes values actually constitute culture poverty typical culture tendency experience separate event relate occurrences relative inability defer don likely happen tomorrow hope improvement today wait easier try try fail repeated failures frequently lead outbursts anger violence loss trust important factor language handicap children minority cultures incomplete sentences dropped word endings added endings corrupted pronunciation vowel letter sounds language spanish vietnamese italian japanese interfere learning regular classroom setting going teach area children language factor learning study known research data language problems proficient understanding language department health education welfare estimated million children needed bilingual instruction
form group factors considered children grouped space materials need structured provide rich variety alternatives meet unique learning patterns individual children large blocks required flexibility needed develop interests children relaxed flow involvement activity space needs open flexible permit structure forming termination learning centers materials concrete manipulative movable arranged space provided materials permit individuality performance group children ways teacher act guide advisor observer provider catalyst child material collected situated place providing diversity manipulation construction exploration game development stimulate activity varied responses materials gathered place based interests children physical oral involvement joint projects initiated children encouraged cooperative enterprises initiated problems need solved child help child group children parents invited actively involved classroom projects groups children form naturally occasions interests friendships needs types activity children wish participate activity teacher devise round robin structure child left times children special needs teacher insist child participation activity
center usage scheduled fit variety teaching styles minimum usage include hour morning group activity begins rest period lunch scheduled activity periods waiting bus extended usage include child involved total small group instruction half center child minutes group ten meeting teacher remaining students centers nice boards education provide equipment materials space kind center conceivable certainly direction explore financing teachers realistically obtain materials needed centers likely need continue sharing teachers help immensely teacher stops weaving center teacher lend looms materials teacher parents unexpected resource exactly needed poorer neighborhoods local businesses generally donations teacher makes specific personal appeal item children collect improvise specifically needed teachers urged decide precisely want explore ways obtain things need operating instructing centers greatly aided scheduling parents help times week specific centers suggested list ideas centers found teachers
experience charts early childhood classrooms main purposes experience charts record written form events observations stories poems thoughts children present children oral language written form help aware printed symbols meaning written record experiences later shared parents studied teachers follow language concept development children types language experiences recorded charts group experience teacher wishes record sequentially children language individual comments experience children stories poems teacher aide writes manuscript form experience chart adaptable group involvement small group individual comments thoughts charts purchased forms metal stand large circular rings support holed sheets paper cardboard large sheets attached stiff cardboard cover triangle shaped stand sheaf large sheets paper cardboard front fits slots cut top edges cardboard box large cardboard backed tablet paper chalk rail floor leaning wall individual sheets paper torn taped flat surface large sheets lined paper bought inexpensive bulk form experience recorded chart chalkboard piece newsprint lined paper large piece cardboard cut side box white window shade sure washable ink shade brown white butcher paper pieces paper salvaged sources cardboard shirt liners instance
behavioral goals advantage teachers major problems teaching young children establishing activities sequential nature purpose age taught interesting children play situations based individual needs child problem statewide program unthinking literal minded school personnel view topics included program acceptable content classroom social studies programs realization child centered approach requires depth planning materials content selection cognitive process approach child centered concept starts child small group needs interests needs interests activities developed classroom teachers child centered approach develop units themes children participate ability levels teachers let children interests dominate instructional program need children spend months school zoo children aggressive interest zoo remember teacher part responsibility guide select content process children learn difficulty arise teachers tend plan activities teachers excel plan carefully social studies program unbalanced express interests children approach equally acceptable depending content taught child centered approach provide spontaneity high interest participation
dramatic play child learns variety ways understand social physical environment acquire information maintain enrich basic skills knowledge manipulation objects trying things general curiosity natural reactions young children act label play easy means learning children airplanes play soon need airport landing strip control tower pilot flight attendant passengers cargo requirements operate airplane develop language facility increased vocabulary concepts problem solving includes planning building airport traffic control play learning situation airplane suitable environment means airplanes types things limited ways airplanes give services require services extends toys early childhood classroom toys serve models real play learning situations equipment helps provide child integrated learning situation advanced horizontally vertically drives child involved boats need harbors lakes docks trains need tracks stations tunnels doll beds need dolls blankets pillows dolls need clothing beds chairs children learn play need built behavior control classroom organization planning group rules teachers help children learn play successfully help children learn rules objects move real floor table top designs painted taped drawn plywood oilcloth table tops floor children learn rules road cars trucks boats airplanes
program young children spent adults call play play science base play activities child actually learning scientific facts remember play language arts drama acting stories portrayal characters social studies play role playing family members community helpers solve personal problems science play key role helping children aware environment observing natural phenomena identifying properties elements teacher important objectives educate parents teachers lay public importance play facets learning sand water play food preparation common classroom play situations based scientific skills knowledge concepts skills taught learned activities completely overlooked lay observers young children playing sand water play provided ways sandbox inside common means presenting properties sand water play provided indoors large basin large plastic tub water play provided hoses tubs bird baths small ponds combination limited water lots sand played regular sand sand box needs moistened occasionally dry holding form road house hill moisture dusty
cooking introduction physical sciences cooking easy substance melting dissolving softening thickening changing form color occur cooking food cooked preparing raw foods combining ingredients provide learning experiences beginning activities frosting purchased cookies flavoring milk mixing punch stirring instant pudding serving apples oranges crackers carrot celery sticks snack lunch teacher doer food preparation teacher food materials setting activity teacher helps children potentially dangerous situations cutting pouring hot liquid asks questions happened teacher makes statements try putting mix put planning provide open ended activities children creative wish conforming activities water milk added pudding mix pudding suggest variety activities challenging difficult vary type activity children bored inexpensive materials small amounts spilling dropping normal young children children opportunity experiment taste foods things taste children teacher force children eat prepared children creative recipes inedible feel guilty ashamed efforts child active agent food preparation activities play oriented basic concepts formed skills developed social skills promoted
linear measure capacity weight speed change inches centimeters feet yards meters rods miles kilometers dry measure pints liters quarts liters pecks liters bushels liters liquid measure pints liters quarts liters gallons liters barrels liters dry liquid measures liters weight measure ounces grams pounds kilograms temperature degrees fahrenheit change degrees centigrade speed miles hour kilometers hour quantity dozens pairs plan food preparation activities children need convert recipes metric measures equivalency chart help recipe successful children experiences measurement occur match things directly puzzle pieces dominoes fit shapes holes build blocks times naturally places home school church grocery store events breakfast lunch dinner bedtime nap play story olds easily learn sequence events classroom large clock eye level provide learning experiences match toy clock play clean music concept speed presented times children home tv sets don accurate understanding speed established large vocabulary speed words social studies activities regular classroom present miniature occasions playing speed transportation activities films filmstrips field trips walks activities capacity easily taught science activities natural outlet capacity equipment material
important factors health include room temperature fresh air room thermometer thermometer feet floor child level direct sunlight drafts temperature encourage activity ensure adequate warmth young children floor hot air rises floor air cooler thermometer teacher eye level set winter children comfortable summer temperature adequate fresh air necessity opening window leaving classroom door ajar provide circulation air weather permit open windows fresh air regular class open windows lunch library walk halls visit classroom toileting needs planned school begins young children toilet trained school toilet trained mean observe preplanned schedule bathrooms conveniently located easy access children supply training pants blue jeans hand occasional wetting accident parents asked contribute outgrown garments meet need vomiting common occurence handy towels water soon help clean child place towels vomit spray towel room eliminate odor children vomit react cool water child face rest cot sufficient care
teachers parents remain charge children encouraged participate discussions express ideas choices making choice brings topic voting things don vote instance sex visiting kitten jack bad ice cream lunch topics voted put choice happening vote options satisfactory outcomes child advance suggestion taking vote older brother sister learning voting school young children need obey positive technique put things quickly longer story music art children respond unknown factor event need advance notice close activity ten minute warning allow child adjust idea stopping activity child happily building greatest super highway allow child adjust destruction child talk letting highway stand awhile bad idea times need attention group busily engaged individual activities don yell flick lights slowly play chord piano ring small bell indoors outdoors blow whistle beat tom tom ring bell expect instant obedience children situation harm damage materials equipment
help parents give constructive ways involve children family activities sure tell parents demonstrate activity accomplished children activities children ages capable imitating activity include dusting sweeping floor setting table folding napkin carrying chair washing dishes washing table bringing newspaper raking leaves sure emphasize family activities mastered ages imitated role played help parents list events places things community list books public library fourth creative think special ideas special children times need communicate parents tell children progress give information parents pass general information school happenings obviously method communicating parents programs designed parents college graduates include printed materials pamphlets articles programs designed parents poverty areas public housing projects include visual cues oral materials simplistic form parents english language benefit materials native language
education society tends reflect political philosophy society democracy practiced united states believed exist welfare individual education organized primarily achieve end created equal trite important meaning education democratic society founders denote equality law interpreted mean equality opportunity concept implies educational opportunity children child receive help learning limits capacity capacity small recent court decisions confirmed children handicapped education mandated public schools action provide education handicapped children legal decisions consistent democratic philosophy children opportunity learn average bright dull retarded blind deaf crippled delinquent emotionally disturbed limited capacities learn american schools evolved numerous modifications regular school programs adapt instruction children deviate average profit substantially regular program modified programs designated programs exceptional children attempts define term exceptional child need considerable elaboration understood referring bright child child unusual talent referring atypical deviant child term generally accepted include handicapped gifted child
final trend noted movement establishing programs preschool handicapped children trend noted chapter stems forces research evidence child development models successful performance observations lay persons experts implementation general principle younger start easy primarily single social institution schools programs directed importance early intervention provide proper developmental start exceptional children known leadership programs found field deaf children need assistance develop communication systems earliest age exceptionalities cerebral palsy quickly brought attention professionals shortly birth receive attention multidisciplinary teams plan multifaceted treatment programs dimensions physical therapy speech communication cognitive development earliest child lack awareness importance early childhood problem securing resources support programs commitment social institutions public schools responsibility implementing programs children parents community overlook condition mildly handicapped children learning disabled educable mentally retarded behaviorally disturbed delayed reach public schools schools apply standards development parents neighbors rarely expect preschool age problems developmental delay inappropriate social adaptability revealed
major reasons emergence special education diversity abilities school performance students similar age grade level regular elementary school teachers expected individualize curriculum lessons meet needs student problems inherent developing program individualized instruction rarely acknowledged planning special education programs creates significant instructional difficulties exceptional students differ greatly average students pointed bailey harbin children referred evaluation teacher whim referral significant educational problem unlikely remedied form additional intervention teacher child tests developed psychology education intelligence reading spelling arithmetic measure differences primarily classification children placement purposes teachers educational tests ratings group children clusters similar achievements likewise children low iq scores grouped instructional purposes group high iq scores main purpose tests measure achievement level global scores intelligence help place child group likely instruction tests tell teacher specific program child needs illustration range academic performance figure graph results represent performance sixth grade students north carolina california achievement test students north carolina required achievement test grades means charting student performance
basic reason learning environment gifted students modification accomplish instructional goals differential content skills development environmental modifications special classes resource rooms allow special education program applied easily gifted students clustered part specially trained teachers assigned program expecting classroom teacher challenge children classroom teacher direct regular program face consuming problem dealing students need remediation reason wide variety learning environment adaptations tried assist teacher provide program gifted student adapt enrich curriculum gifted children regular school forms grouping include grouping children regular class elementary school organizing special sections subject matters english science mathematics social studies upper elementary school secondary school offering advanced courses superior students secondary schools offering honors courses superior students college controversial establishment special schools gifted children contained special classes regular schools forms organization resource room itinerant teacher special classes special schools school programs resource room gifted talented children removed regular classes agemates portion order engage special activities focused talents program content related accelerated mathematics broad general program
adaptive behavior depends partly factors child environmental envelope child exists contrast position edgar doll places burden squarely constitutional nature individual doll defined mental deficiency social occupational inability manage affairs adult level mental intellectual retardation birth early age retardation maturity result constitutional origin heredity disease essential inclusion adaptability definition condition contingent intellectual performance individual ability respond demands society environmental setting creates demands face unsettling truth child mentally retarded community school neighborhood controversy exists development intellectual performance modified universal acceptance proposition training adaptive behavior mentally retarded children influenced instances cure mental retardation intellectual educational programming modification social environment ways categorize mentally retarded individuals including terms mild moderate severe american association mental deficiency suggested president committee mental retardation focus terms carry specific educational meaning implications terms noted table educable severe profound
characteristics mentally retarded terms social behavior traits stem directly cognitive problem basic condition place child limited language capabilities failed response expectations behavior likely inflexible repetitious amount passivity condition reveal simple uncomplicated emotional characterized rapid swings positive negative side depending circumstances possibility central nervous system damage created retardation place tend explain propensity regression earlier childlike behaviors stressful situations major influence social behavior retarded children nature environment find children found institutions group homes environments powerful shapers social behavior today belief atypical behavior condition mental retardation caused fact special environments institution suppose raised bedroom hundred individuals rotating list adult caretakers present hours experience going store exploring neighborhood things young children difficulty adapting community institution inability youngsters adapt community partly attributed environment condition mental retardation summary child moderately retarded likely specific problems broad spectrum developmental characteristics
researchers interested question sense functions affected visual deficiency doctrine sensory compensation holds sense avenue vision deficient senses automatically strengthened believed blind capacity hear memories sighted individuals chess presented alternative view damage developmental area negative effect areas means defect area retards distorts development intact areas remains blind abilities sense fields sighted person tend disregard sounds environment necessity significant blind person follow actual hearing abilities individuals differ study ability blind children sense touch conducted blind children ages comparable group sighted children tested ability identify touch things key comb pair scissors geometric shapes rectangle cross differences found responses blind sighted groups results suggest visually impaired children expected successfully follow stages development jean piaget visual problem complicated handicaps mental retardation earlier studies intellectual performance visually impaired suggested intelligence unimpaired groups blind children performed average level iq tests stanton hayes
important practical questions helping blind move environment independently teach avoidance obstacles research help teacher identifying relevant area emphasized observed blind persons avoid obstacles turns hallways stop run door sensing change air pressure faces residual light dark vision sense hearing carried series classic experiments designed find answer asked blind persons walk path stop sensed obstacle experimenters systematically researchers eliminated possibilities put velvet hood face eliminate cues air pressure plugged ears eliminate hearing blindfolded rule residual vision turn experiments clear definitive result blind bothered judgment ears plugged clearly hearing similar bats sound avoid walls cave pitch loudness clues information allowed educational program focus enhancing natural artificial ways hearing purpose effective travel development artificial device reported research study ultrasonic torch battery powered device held blind person
dimensions frequency intensity evaluating hearing loss frequency refers number vibrations cycles sound wave greater frequency higher pitch individual difficulty hearing sounds frequencies frequencies audible intensity hand refers relative loudness sound determine individual level hearing intensity sound needed heard listener pure tone audiometer key instrument measuring hearing acuity present individual sounds known intensity frequency individual asked respond hears tone presented audiometer hearing ear plotted separately level hearing recorded shows decibel loss relevant frequency hearing level decibels profound hearing loss measurement extent hearing loss identification type hearing impairment child complex professional problems comprehensive examinations rarely school system schools conduct screening examinations find youngsters suspected hearing problems refer comprehensive medical testing professionals community screening procedures schools involve individual group testing children kindergarten grade periodic examinations higher grades children suspected hearing loss receive complete test degree hearing loss major educational significance determines type amount special training needed hearing aids amplifiers alternative means communication taught
articulation disorders speech deviations involve substitutions distortions omissions additions speech sounds phonemes difficulties occur site articulators interaction tongue lips teeth jaws palate faulty oral cavity modified movement jaw lips tongue producing speech sounds movements faulty improperly sequenced absent resulting faulty speech known articulation disorder organic factors including deviations tongue larynx pharynx lips teeth hard soft palate breathing mechanism speech difficulty apparent structural defect disorders functional origin attributed varied influences including impoverished environment infantile bilingualism emotional problems slow maturation positioning tongue teeth control air stream lip rounding muscle tension play role proper sound production course don think motor speak anymore think separate movements accompany walking speech language defective approach problem analyzing component parts speech try say soup tongue teeth tongue say properly proper tongue placement important helping children properly articulate speech problems obviously involve incorrect expression sound lie problem auditory reception child hear sounds won able say accurately typical interchange speech language pathologist young child child trouble listening words therapist say
van suggested remediation children disorders continue visual aids taped programs majority children supervision speech move free speech supervisor administrator master consultant counselor van recommended duties speech clinicians emphasize supervision aides early case selection language studies services special groups extension services areas prevention improved methods accountability effectiveness treatments communication disorders discussed researched topic study kent university speech hearing clinic pursue question treatment effectiveness fifteen follow fifty children initially diagnosed impaired king jones lasky investigators wished determine educational level achieved children communication problems continued adolescence adulthood children seen clinic age thirty males fourteen females final group especially unusual sex ratio communication problems terms educational functioning eleven fifty children held grade school career half reported difficulty academic subjects proceeding acceptable outstanding manner school subjects research team found problems early diagnosis likely problems extend adulthood originally diagnosed speech percent reporting communication difficulties
developmental history hyperactive behavior conduct disorder reveals manifest elements syndrome disappear douglas reported decreased age range impulsiveness inability attend remained problem youngsters apparently unable control impulses order cope situations care concentrated attention organized planning required tend react idea occurs aspects situation obvious compelling douglas stated marked inability stop look listen expected children ideal students child conduct disorder problems disturbance cases academic problem accompanies emotional behavioral discrepancy compared group behavior problem boys identified means behavior check list normal boys age iq level behavior problem boys percent identified reading percent math thurston benning grade children nominated teachers manifesting socially disapproved behavior fallen reading arithmetic achievement similar achievement results reported found extreme underachievement disturbed youngsters residential treatment centers inability delay gratification poor control impulses undoubtedly play major role youngsters problems school adaptation keogh summarized literature relationship learning disorders concluded wide variety studies substantiated hyperactive children learning problems poor achievers school
broad goals noted addison put organized sequence activities shows teacher proceed specific steps stated adequate programs developed public schools setting full service program offered reasonable cost public mandate public schools required educate children created demand organized curricula group children include help skills gross fine motor skills communication skills socialization vocational training functional academics recreation leisure skills target behaviors wish introduce eliminate child repertoire seen table normal behaviors expects range inappropriate behaviors face teacher shown watson curricula developed severely profoundly handicapped implementation programs influenced task analysis operant conditioning curriculum teaching research curriculum moderately severely handicapped developed teaching research infant child center oregon curriculum developed teachers preschool handicapped children includes task analysis behaviors taught detailed steps teaching target behaviors according areas help skills skills phases steps skill complex behavior requiring acquisition number subordinate behaviors acquired phase breakdown skill parts units step minute breakdown phase
programs severely handicapped operating subjected evaluation efficacy clinical reports thought educationally hopeless responded stimulation programming attempt al preschool setting moderately severely handicapped children integrated care program thirty normal children handicapped children older nonhandicapped children ages organized structured program designed facilitate social behavior language development carried care center social behavior special educators tried draw handicapped youngsters unoccupied behavior independent play toys objects stage socialization help handicapped children play parallel activity normal children finally environment arranged adults facilitate play normal peers encouraged rewarded interacting handicapped children language behavior attempts reinforce reward verbal nonverbal communication attempted handicapped children create situations required verbalization part handicapped children peers adults carefully designed program reported meaningful gains drawing handicapped children isolation social interaction peers small meaningful improvement language expression program illustrates benefit carefully structured program trained personnel merely placing handicapped children physical environment normal children measures unlikely produce major results head start program mandates percent youngsters selected program handicapped
limited vitality endurance physically handicapped children face study fair birch found physically handicapped children rest period sections standardized achievement test performed section handicapped children rest rest periods influence performance nonhandicapped children physically handicapped children problems endurance need account educational planning appears inevitable set negative characteristics accompanying physical disorders secondary problems likely emerge large sample children asthma boys girls ages wide range tests results compared sample boys girls comparison found allergic children adjusted behavior problems intellectually gifted terms interpersonal relationships allergic reactions likely chosen leaders likely chosen games activities able friends stories told course projective tests thematic apperception test tat revealed allergic disorders expressed usual verbalizations bizarre themes fears fantasies conditions asthma child literally fight breath fantasies rewarding death early concern death unusual harrison limited research suggests children physical handicaps health impairments liable special personal social adaptation problems
education teaching occupation central educational process flux today practically american society undergoing substantial ways painful transformation highly publicized aspect transformational process sharp decline demand classroom teachers level rumors abound teachers unable obtain employment chosen occupation completion professional training truth heady gossip truth person sincerely desires career field education today wholeheartedly wants achieve determined goals find prospects completing credential program obtaining rewarding employment ample superb ironically documented teacher oversupply created combination reduced student population schools cuts educational budgets created situation especially intelligent dedicated young women favored employment teachers ironically heavy influx breed teacher candidates emerging intuitive response selective employment milieu beginning dominate field motivation qualification ago welcomed expanding field find educationally related employment word teacher oversupply spreads actual number persons trying enter occupation continue decline markedly leaving room talented individuals genuinely want young learning environment figures recent statistics statistical projections help provide general picture job opportunities field teaching question teachers today face unique challenges compete tight constantly shifting job market
institutionalized systems schools manipulate special symbols promote loyalty school system personnel prevent public familiar system practices threaten ongoing operation system symbols facilitate meaningful discussion teachers educational researchers educational specialists school culture unwritten code teacher secrecy maintains outsiders parents student teachers supervisors excluded entering private congregating places teachers school buildings privy teacher discussions students normative pattern implications informal socialization prospective teachers career roles symbolic manipulation call educational books articles classes specialized language alleged confuse unnecessarily reader listener substance charge complex specialized disciplines develop language peculiar discipline order practitioners exchange ideas readily education exception problem specialized language holds meaning educators real problem determining teaching actually professionalized routines inevitable product increasing complexity schooling routines highly refined onerous educational practice subject bureaucracy aspects modern school bureaucracy paraphrase max weber classic definition bureaucracy complex hierarchical system organization pursuing objectives largely abstract rules determining allocation positions role functions
functions education require implementation concrete programs realized school serves public purposes converting desired outcomes educational endeavors learning process primary means ensuring social purposes realized educational programs curriculum formal curriculum school consists mandated learning experiences undergone students interaction teachers school reflects traditional concept social purpose curriculum tend emphasizes subjects reading writing arithmetic american history geography grammar science american literature physical education music art hand school attempts reflect changing modern conception educational purpose curriculum include language arts integration social physical science core curriculum applied pure mathematics freely chosen activities encourage creative expression creative writing music composition painting sculpting addition formal curriculum schools engage students voluntary extracurricular activities progressive schools activities termed extracurricular traditional schools part official curriculum schools invisible hidden curricular activities informal educational institutions workplace invisible curriculum understood school activity commonly takes place part implementation official program officially mandated instance teachers suburban school casual references magnificent record school getting graduates ivy league universities engaging implementation invisible curriculum
technology largely outgrowth industrial revolution developed societies west applied rational scientific means improvement human rely heavily advanced technology growing numbers claim virtually end purpose society sacred means higher goals unlike vision held socially politically alienated image american society technological monstrosity adhered future oriented liberals young fringes left remains sixties counterculture fashionable blame society ills ubiquitous growth technology penetrated aspects institutional course need adhere narrow ideological stance acknowledge modern technology society nonetheless brought intelligent human control serve ends image technology running amok characterizes society increasingly dehumanized confused basic values headed orwellian future future witness individual behavior controlled efficiency oriented bureaucratic leadership misguided professionals specialized part problem americans crises energy shortages air water noise pollution seriously move reasonable degree voluntary simplicity consumption patterns general styles spite repeated warnings social critics political leaders obvious solution excesses modern technology antinuclear argument presidential aspirant barry commoner feel solar wind thermal power enter twenty century
american economy dominated individual farmer small businessperson today economy controlled large corporate enterprises farming big business small farmers increasingly unable compete small retail establishments rapidly franchises chains america today half percent business controls thirds national sales trend mergers big business evolution highly organized today blue collar worker member nationally internationally controlled union unions controlled efficiency experts universities private consulting firms government agencies employed effectively bargain management large extent average worker kind nonperson job despite efforts management labor leaders provide contentment productivity nostrums regular coffee break factory bowling teams endeavors geared improving human relations today employed private enterprise public agencies large bureaucratic organizations efficiency standardization interchangeable parts material human important goals job perceived solely means ends forty increasingly commonly thirty hour week white collar blue collar employees job involve meaningful labor jobs tolerated primarily order obtain paychecks purpose consuming desirable products services free comparatively small growing percentage professional technical service workers emerging economy meaning majority semiskilled unskilled blue collar clerical workers giant corporations government agencies
hoped skillful performance roles teachers impact lives students induce enter larger society active citizens knowledgeable parents emotionally physically healthy individuals desired characteristics demonstrated activities say institutional activities person engages teachers today caught performing roles longer utility independent conventional stereotypes teachers give wholly convention supported colleagues parents students influential adults fail students hand ignore role expectations independently respond sense students need learn age risk conflict institutional power figures pay salaries question enlightened teachers want affect students encountering psychological phenomenon known role strain teachers avoid anxious feeling caught conflict set mutually incompatible social expectations believed legitimate transforming social order teachers completely escape role conflicts ambiguities trying accommodate influence teachers avoid displeasing significant find difficult fulfill role demand consequence lose sense personal integrity teachers cling rigidly set expectations students principal educational psychology textbook meeting role demands reference group expense teacher avoid degree role strain
visits teachers students homes help build meaningful communication linkages school family times crucial difference future educational success failure student home visits repeated informal basis parents likely school conference teacher essential step teacher professional parents compelled law send offspring alien school middle class parents appreciate visits teachers youngsters added teachers overbearing parents low socioeconomic groups especially elementary school unduly diffident upper middle class parents largely result status discrepancies real imagined frequently according researchers teachers ignore fathers especially divorce situations mother legal custody child passage family educational rights privacy act amendment giving parents inspect children school records whichever parent awarded custody difficulty securing cooperation teachers school officials school sense place today supposedly enlightened society applies social classes ethnic groups meeting parents school worth keeping mind parents realize beginning teacher young kid parent myth widespread american society
suggested earlier working middle class youngsters united states conform conventional social expectations despite illusory differences outward appearance mannerism say typical mainstream american child adolescent counterpart differences sixties writers youth alienation kenneth theodor mass media led believe matters reflection growing mood sobriety increasingly problematic future american society mainstream young generally interested getting ahead obtaining grades college finding job high school popular peers mistake believe heavily publicized upheavals college aged youth left superficial impression younger sisters brothers older greening america charles reich rise counterculture anticipated fully accomplished led expect nonetheless society urban suburban communities schools populated substantial numbers young typical mainstream americans social movements impact youngsters college level distinct minority young today identify atypical sense feeling distinct allegiance preference divergent values norms including remains representative important phenomenon known counterculture
concept interpreted number ways consider love honesty tendency person show preferences general guides behavior emerge experiences elusive ideals compromises ideals student values offers broad definition concept values simply stated determiners influence choices decide behavior kurt baier says economists distinguish things hand values individual societies values refer ends believed worth striving members society group held individuals values products culture acquired primarily learning degree personal choice learning especially sensitive individuals society reject extant values propose social change inaugurated eventual diffusion innovations social system requires increasing numbers choose adopt values values preferred personal social ends products culture follows challenged members culture accuse person possessing bad values happens brought identical cultural frame reference failure appreciate elemental point cultural relativity implications values responsible unwarranted hostility religious ethnic national groups beginnings recorded history thinking produces friction scholars scientists artists representing diverse schools thought ancient sparta young boys carefully trained steal painful sanctions attached failure efforts modern civilized look sort training abhorrence
williams define ideology distinct philosophy follows ideology generally refers integrated pattern ideas systems belief group consciousness characterizes social group pattern system include doctrines ideals slogans symbols directions social political action ideologies include objectives demands judgments norms justifications sense impregnated systems perceived sacred johnson claims ideology coherent system ideas ideological distortion important philosopher education definitive analysis concept says ideology intellectual means able grasp simplified complex issues society addition direction issues providing summations assessments practical agendas action taking emphasis added statements ideologies socially embedded emotionally provocative conceptions values clearly aimed determined kinds behavior action true philosophies highly personalized complex systems values offer believer discretion act act elect holder ideology eric calls true believer act ways determined created disseminated popular consumption conceptions socially politically religiously educationally truest test difference philosophy ideology lies consequences failing predictable individual known possess philosophy publicly admits converted point view attributed decision
factors chiefly responsible comparatively slow transformation american school vehicle preparing children youth society held myth school politics myth fosters widespread ethos extolling consensus matters educational rest society dissent valued primary source innovation preventing social institutions decaying obsolete education dissent seen disloyalty opportunity system horace mann henry barnard notables mid nineteenth century worked hard establish benefit multitudes ignorant eager find place land opportunity learn chapter dissent school teachers especially discouraged lay public school administrators professional teachers believe express opposition ideas pay salaries carry public heart educational enterprise teachers traditionally expected role servant public elected appointed school policy makers managers directly passively accountable expected involved high level decision making directly affecting classroom richard conception teacher accountability public appoints teacher terms teaching activities public command fulfill teaching activities teacher duty profession electors
title ii authorized funds states school library resources textbooks printed instructional materials public private primarily catholic lutheran elementary secondary schools title iii provided supplementary centers services counseling remedial instruction vocational guidance experimental teaching creative mass media courses creative arts title aimed especially educational reforms title iv bypassed states provisions support educational research dissemination projects title provided funds strengthen departments education amendment authorized additional funds programs handicapped children titles added controversial provide funds bilingual education programs children homes language english spanish spoken dropout prevention programs congress approved legislation designed title programs compensatory education disadvantaged equitable placing greater emphasis family income aid dependent children criteria consolidate titles ndea pertaining aid libraries equipment guidance counseling testing innovative programs aid education departments dropout prevention health nutrition provide programs metric arts career consumer education community schools women equality gifted students provide major programs concerned reading handicapped federal budget provisions fluctuated grant funds primarily improving basic academic skills children low income families implementing desegregation mandates education handicapped career education arts gifted greater teacher involvement program planning mandated
law stipulates handicapped children hard hearing speech impaired blind damaged exceptional children provided educational services restrictive environment environment frequently mean mainstreaming integrating youngsters able class called normal children order provide optimum learning opportunities handicapped child mainstreamed teacher parents guardians responsible parties child required develop individualized education program iep beginning school iep includes present level educational competency child short term behavioral goals instructional objectives specific services provided procedures assessing results learning programs teachers held immediately accountable responsibly implemented iep projections achieved child expected implement provisions training preservice service public school teachers roles members district assessment placement team provide services exceptional children context total classroom needs children emphasizing learning possibilities non exceptional children american history nearly public school teachers responsible province special education personnel understandably mainstreaming quickly heated issue teachers prematurely negative stand expect teachers especially anxious fearful deal unique problems handicapped youngsters classrooms fear entirely dissimilar displayed teachers confronted realities mandatory racial ethnic desegregation policies
increased faith americans importance formal education related efforts educators increase efficiency effectiveness school operations past twenty term educational revolution applied phenomenon examples kinds innovations created diffused period include teaching machine programmed learning systematically increase rate extent acquiring basic skills knowledge individualized basis development types educational hardware computers videotape players pupil oriented film projectors mechanical electronic instruments facilitating learning development readers scoring workbooks similar printed materials differentiated staffing team teaching open spacing round schools extend impact student learning instructional personnel environmental resources recent innovations include performance contracting private companies hired school systems teach fundamental skills reading paid according results determined pre post standardized achievement testing math social studies science intended broaden deepen learning complex disciplines earlier ages involving students directly process advanced scholars employ acquire knowledge curricular innovations ethnic studies intended increase awareness identities blacks women minorities pluralistic society competency performance based teacher education designed prospective teachers accountable acquire schools education insisting demonstrate behavioral proficiency teacher corps federally sponsored effort prepare dedicated teachers careers depressed rural areas city ghettos
broad dimensions modern teachers remain established schooling system participate choose bringing significant educational change member occupational group individual prospective teachers presently large scale increasingly powerful forward looking organizations represent dominant professional concerns needed field formal education present period history likely directly indirectly influenced organized teacher groups occur result goodwill voluntarily proffered interests representing status quo salaries improved programs increased opportunities youngsters achieved teachers illusions institutional solvency professional harmony fellow educators ranks fading rapidly openly challenged leaders powerful teacher organizations suggest challenge facing teachers students today met successfully organized confrontation large scale educational politics suggest truly significant problems affecting schools teachers resolved history society questions fundamental educational purpose policy school curriculum professional roles important groups expect accommodations differences solely reasoned dialogue crucial dilemmas facing modern education dealt democratic process visible educational politics basic decisions achieved modern school ends means convincingly talk collaborative reasoning fellow educators ranks lay general public forum
human tendencies human wondering human beings makes person tick question find asking human situation watch children play note unconsciously differences obvious child strides confidently playground moves shyly secretively place place dashes hurriedly activity differences immediately strike immediately find wondering johnny act mary acts completely differently line questioning kind natural curiosity helps notice explore wide range human activity perceive say person enters person leaves ask questions curious human beings certainly basic human tendency gave rise field call psychology tendency ask questions learning gave rise subject educational psychology humans learn ask conditions promote learning learn differently ages ways teach evidence questions found century writings greek historian herodotus description ancient civilization herodotus describes length elaborate experiment educational psychology ancient civilization curious find language infants speak didn talk grew
publication famous coleman reports james coleman christopher increasing uneasiness educators type school actually makes difference regarding child learns coleman student personal feeling directed competence feeling child brings developed school important determining academic achievement host seemingly crucial variables pupil teacher ratios number books school library age physical plant educational backgrounds teachers later reported similar finding achievement level school depends largely single input characteristics entering children similar reports led dismal conclusion schools difference counted abilities traits brought school entering students academic achievement viewed function school intake patterns reflection job teacher reports led related conclusion schools low socioeconomic neighborhoods unable job educating children characteristics neighborhood improved opposing view reports school department cop outs run schools competent faculties difference school principal asks expect send incompetent children giving lame excuse adequately running plant recent studies fifteen thousand hours provide evidence contradicting coleman point view run schools classes start success expected children academic courses emphasized students frequent praise succeed despite handicaps entering students
king solomon spake animals language truly konrad lorenz wisdom solomon child lorenz observing studying learning understand ways wildlife especially austrian wildlife lorenz learned understand signal code language animal species learned imitate code order establish communication konrad lorenz born vienna austria father famous orthopedic surgeon professor university vienna brother albert father footsteps professor orthopedic surgery vienna konrad childhood family spent summer months country home lorenz fascinated fauna native country explored woods ponds age set microscope studying tiny wonderworld freshwater pond says lorenz seen intimate beauty nature tear poet naturalist family merely tolerated young lorenz avid curiosity animals lorenz brought home pet pet destructive tolerance parents wore thin due father insistence lorenz medical student university vienna received degree love animals continued studies received ph degree zoology continued research behavior animals natural habitats
conclude discussion cognitive development final point assume teenagers function formal level similarly assume adults including presently function formal level domains exposed careful balance experience guided reflection areas human activity highly likely development incomplete operate intuitive concrete level areas case graduate schools filled students perform brilliant feats theoretical syntheses areas personality abnormal psychology history philosophy immediately revert concrete preoperational thinking required course statistics similarly level formal thought literature preoperational understanding simple principles physics look number college graduates educated humanities pick boxes grocery stores larger bottle box manufacturers country intuitively adults apparently don understand volume conservation adults merrily wend aisles picking tall narrow cereal boxes tall thin salad bottles skinny soap powder containers feeling re getting bargain money actually list misconceptions endless aesthetic think believe taking photographs involves carefully posing subjects music symphonies performed concrete format description piaget stages examples common adult behaviors looking descriptions add based experience
proponents black english argue part regular curriculum black children black english noble history tracing roots africa fact black english words yam gumbo magic direct source african dialects black english sense foreign language taught schools spanish grammar syntactically black english rich ability communicate sick signifies term illness sick means transitory condition don means wasn yesterday tomorrow witness expression praise rare ability discriminate stimuli bad step wad bubble gum tell flavor children school learn standard english special burden black children effect forced learn language learn language level proficiency native language standard english lower class black children speaking persons authority times addressing short sentences simplified grammar speak expressiveness speaking language highly expressive grammatically complex children age believed poor school achievement black children results inadequate language acquisition allowing taught evaluated native language beneficial
single psychology synonymous personality theory sigmund freud born continent spent early member tightly knit family central europe reportedly youth marked personality problems including severe bouts depression anxiety states difficulties apparently started journey discovery aimed understanding roots personality gaining insight relationship personality structure actual behavior productive professional journey beginning graduation medical school university vienna career extended beginning war ii completing medical studies increasingly interested diseases nervous system continuing look physical physiological reasons shifted attention arena mind diseases hysteria high anxiety states deep personal depression connected physical usual types medical treatment actual operations nerves prescriptions drugs bound fail activities merely treating symptoms treatments patients simply developed set symptoms result ideas freud decided study josef physician famous treatment hysteria hypnosis found inducing hypnotic trances limited treatment choice patients successfully hypnotized simply shifted symptoms freud began experiment unique treatment methods primarily asking patients free associate report dreams ways appeared outrageous procedure physician
max born prague son school teacher student young interests ranging studied law awhile switched philosophy finally began study psychology attending number schools universities received ph degree continued psychology prague vienna berlin schooled psychological tradition point view held psychological phenomena broken analyzed smallest parts elements traveling train vienna rhineland vacation resort suddenly struck idea began ponder viewpoint pondered doubted suddenly decided forget planned vacation left train frankfurt rushed nearest toy store purchased child days motion pictures device turned constant speed exposed series pictures appeared move hotel room examined purchase spun fascinated apparent movement device produced history psychology examples insight thought aha structuralists wrong psychological perception apparent movement simply explained understood analyzing individual pictures elements perception studied individually total phenomenon perceived movement lost sum parts order understand perception movement study parts gestalt german word means totality configuration
verbal mediators form devices aid memory grader learn word homes order remember lakes huron ontario michigan erie superior word homes called letter homes called peg word includes letters items recalled research area shown conclusively peg word complicated letter definitely aids recall type device directions novice learn phrase red returning order recall red buoys returning harbor called memory experts utilize intricate devices performing amazing feats recall device complex recalling original stimuli difficult college student learned poem designed ensure memorization presidents order letter word poem corresponded letter president student forget word line poem times forget letter designated asked thirteenth president paused repeated poem proudly answered franklin suggest course believed stove skinner presented behaviorist account learning borrowing heavily watson thorndike bruner position consistent cognitive position
behavior modification technique token system token economy system individuals receive tokens emitting desired responses tokens later exchanged prizes privileges money token system simply method employing payment incentive program keeping large refrigerator stocked tasty food drink desk classroom teacher set token economy tokens conditioned reinforcers virtually teacher pieces colored cardboard colored wool gold stars poker chips tokens assigned point values eventually turned treasured prize privilege desired activity tokens awarded desirable student behavior accurate spelling number correctly solved math problems learning number lines poetry participating class discussions colored pieces cardboard set red piece worth say points blue piece points white piece point point values assigned prizes child accumulate points earn moderately valued prize spend entire week working desirable prize system advantages maintains high daily rate desirable responses teaches delayed gratification ability think range terms token system involved group retarded children girls labeled especially enjoyed listening records earned twenty points academic accomplishments allowed ten minutes record player
perry system attempt differentiate abstract reasoning relative abstract reasoning moment accepts theory viewpoint providing comprehensive information sounds paradoxical fact perry attempting bridge gap commitment view hand receptivity information theory book position theories human development contribute understanding view general developmental approach adequate stand explained reasoning recognize view permanent remain open examine theories findings require substantial revisions thinking gordon famous harvard social psychologist put wholehearted half sure positions commitment remain tentative receptive theories source clearer theoretical guidance undergraduate graduate student faced choice difference perry relativistic abstract committed abstract stages choose learn theories children essentially equal strength theory totally complete matter opinion view say clearly relativism run rampant choose sort theories compare contrast evaluate terms contributions practice reasons hand ready informed choice commitment basis action
intelligence tests predict academic performance success white middle upper class americans intelligence tests fairly record higher validity coefficients type psychological testing minority children biases built known individual group measures intelligence minority populations pointed tests culture free discriminate issue country early immigrants arriving york ellis island tested means methods henry goddard fame version simon test pantomime assessment non english speaking groups published results proclaimed immigrants southern eastern europe profoundly innately retarded italians hungarians russians similarly war group intelligence tests army alpha beta administered large groups non english speaking groups graded categories category indication results proclaimed half poland italy russia retarded astonishingly england scotland holland denmark low rates retardation similar conclusions later reached native minority groups words lewis terman stanford results mental retardation common spanish indian mexican families southwest negroes dullness racial inherent family stocks
anne born brought york city attended public school awarded gold medal general excellence entered public high school frustrating months dropped found stay happy productive found high school total waste high school overcrowded resented fifteen minute trolley car ride fact teachers remote impersonal drop phase family discussions academic future finally friend suggested simply skip high school completely college precocious age anne freshman math major barnard college freshman took introductory psychology course found course interesting sophomore took course developmental psychology decided psychology psychology gave opportunity worlds satisfy interest mathematics study psychological statistics emerging interest human development behavior graduated barnard nineteen immediately entered ph program psychology columbia university received doctorate later high point short tenure graduate student summer began memorable summer research assistant famous american geneticist charles davenport took week course illustrious learning theorist clark hull finally summer ended enjoyed heady privilege attending international congress psychology yale university
recent class action suit riles larry settled federal district court san francisco significant impact iq testing date testing issue psychology camps arguing pro con larry case psychologists decide courts judge chief hearing officer handed verdict landmark decision judge ruled favor class action suit brought black parents public school districts permanently enjoined schools standardized iq tests market stanford assessment techniques minority children found tests inherently discriminatory biased minority children current tests resulted grossly disproportionate placement minority children special classes found schools culturally biased tests clear intent school districts discriminate minority children words school districts deliberately employed tests order willfully discriminate children practice led deliberate classes mentally defective children found instances continuing test placement abuse schools placing minority students educable mentally retarded classes schools changed labels called learning disabled classes examining classes judge called dead end classes place current measures judge decreed tests approved court criteria court apply include tests administered manner tests validity specific placement supportive empirical evidence including statistical information norm groups open hearings held reliability validity tests
maria montessori forefront change innovation entire born raised conservative european atmosphere small italian town aspirations led completion equivalent secondary school education seek admission prestigious university rome study medicine literally unheard woman pursue medical career simply women physicians entire italian nation barriers deter madame montessori brilliance intellect combined personal drive dedication soon won respect male college age twenty woman physician country interest practicing general medicine consisted largely treating symptoms soon waned began ask larger questions shifted problems needs retarded children streets rome inhabited urchins regarded insane maria clinical intuition suggested difficulty medical insanity careful observation children gradually created conviction problems experienced medical children economically depressed areas city growing worst conditions grinding poverty created devastating learning atmospheres early formative sense montessori children similar slum children eleanor drifters mentioned text continued challenge existing views establishing special school called insane children age twenty school director created learning materials applied theories classroom studying techniques emigrated country
common mistakes dealing mainstreamed students previously segregated special education classes handicapping condition uncommon shout talking blind person hear similarly giving verbal directions physically handicapped person drop modifiers sentence structures tend overgeneralize disability important area emotions apparently easy forget special education pupils feelings wish develop effective teaching procedures important appreciate significance responding content feelings pupils noted discussion carl rogers responsive teaching form accurate empathy improved academic performance pupils concepts massive study david florence roebuck provided extremely extensive cross validation found teachers employed indirect teaching modes ned flanders discussed chapter accurate empathy clearly stimulated pupil achievement positive concepts ability read pupils feelings importance process teaching students crucial process teaching exceptional children henry dupont eminent educator comprehensive review importance emotional development major facet pupil growth finds exceptional children aware called nonverbal body emotional language pupils pupils apparently unusually sensitive differences studies eye contact exceptional students expend large amounts energy rooting checking persons looking
theory human behavior universally accepted major problem constructing plausible theories behavior course alike identical situation react differently exam announced future students immediately start cramming absorb read start cramming worried exam cramming movie date face books mean general rule students test study study extensively study moderately develop rule students general study moderately tests human behavior variability behavior invalidate principle temper faith broad principles principles guidelines individual differences challenge educators discover exact principles deal exceptions principles conflict student teachers confronting contradictory principles invariably demand answer don research produced inconclusive results research produce laws govern teaching learning situation principles contradictory actually valid circumstances learners favor principle behavior trap thinking principle governs situations confused relax educational psychology obviously exact science physics chemistry mathematics
jean piaget person revolutionized view developmental psychology born switzerland son highly organized intellectual father religious intense mother piaget preferred play child lifelong preference science underscored repeated remarks foolishness departures reality age ten piaget published paper part albino sparrow seen park started career biology age fifteen piaget considered expert field mollusk study invited curator mollusk collection geneva decided continue education piaget fifteen mother enrolled week course religious study faced crises doubting existence god piaget struck intellectual accept church dogma contradicted biological fact effect crisis piaget developed passion philosophy eventually decided devote developing biological explanation knowledge piaget set solving problem highly organized fashion undoubtedly modeling father age twenty received ph biological science devoured literature fields alfred laboratory helping standardize intelligence test claiming bored standardization routine intrigued children wrong answers test questions set developing strategies interview techniques allow understanding wrong answers produced
learning bruner says form learning involves specific skills applied variety similar tasks learned hammer nails bruner points able later learn hammer tacks psychologists call specific transfer training form learning consists acquiring general idea skill general idea later serve basis recognizing problems mere variations problem idea dealt kind learning called nonspecific transfer transfer principles attitudes form transfer involves continual broadening deepening knowledge terms basic general ideas represents bruner view core education teaching bruner forms shown figure bruner theories led propose revolutionary change construction school curricula young taught subject age material put language learning consists continual broadening deepening knowledge suggests subject including physics mathematics taught level development figure physics taught grade grade ninth grade curriculum present basic principles repeatedly simple forms increasing complexity student comprehends sophisticated children learn physics ninth grades enhance comprehension accelerate learning college teaching children manner bruner contends complex idea presented simpler form
parents respond differently boy babies girl babies hours rubin teach children behavior expected sex studies childrearing practices block found boys parents emphasize achievement competition control feelings daughters emphasize skills interpersonal relationships encourage expression feelings intentional teaching parents unconsciously treat boys girls differently study mothers observed responsive male infants parents spoke differently girl babies baby talk expending effort smile say moss teachers act differently boys girls study fifteen preschool classrooms leary found teachers paid deal attention rewarding circumstance aggressive disruptive boys girls identical behavior likely respond girls passive dependent addition researchers report teachers found actually teach boys teach girls teachers gave attention boys noses academic grindstone physical verbal rewards boys received directions teacher likely girls individual instructions things found exception general pattern class engaged explicitly feminine sex typed activity cooking teachers tend pay attention girls offered conversation praise assistance boys detailed instructions walter points actually individual differences exist sex behavior sexes overlaps numerous ways
skinner philosophy determinism nonchalance workings human source criticism interview remarked concerned organism irrelevant site physiological activities locus activities evans notions determinism center course impact environment human learning environment person directs behavior control environment control behavior sense environmental control reinforced success pigeon experiments led skinner propose build controlled environment babies called invention air crib published description ladies home journal october notice timing war ii ended baby boom began air crib solid glass walled enclosure sound proofing controlled temperature humidity air conditioning infant needs clothes substitute diapers sheet rolled spool soiled filtered air protects infant germs outlandish skinner younger daughter deborah spent air crib skeptics rumored permanently disturbed event deborah happy healthy despite reliance environmental behavior skinner personal credit creative prank pulled hamilton college student bored student skinner friend bright orange posters printed announcement charlie chaplin deliver lecture college chapel wee hours pasted posters town called local newspaper sure announcement front page noon college administration posted police stop traffic advise drivers hoax
social learning begins early childhood girls boys practice dress parents clothes sit wheel family car mammals chimpanzee raised human beings learns eat spoon sit table cats learn tricks faster cats herbert harsh pp observational learning learning imitation result copying model action imagine entering post office french speaking island person ahead line asks clerk speak english clerk replies non repeat query going shift high school french observation inhibit evoke imitation learn experience holds learned observation researchers including brown wonder stretches evidence argue research imitation dealt fairly specific behavior hitting bobo doll imitating spelling saying thank dinner table evidence gathered show learn broader classes behavior aggressiveness fluent speech manners observation learn general classes behaviors skills involved taught directly home school growing evidence learned learn observation zimmerman rosenthal generalization imitation represents extremely broad complex array behavior sturdy alternative theories social learning occurs social learning theory deal uncharted territory offers revealing view human learning
studying concepts youngsters learn classify objects events ideas common attributes student entry characteristics level include experience area grader distinguish dogs cats rabbits feat found difficult impossible say age olds identify footed creature smaller horse dog concept albeit mistaken eventually revised learner identify relevant irrelevant attributes concept exact concept formal abstract thought grader develop higher skill concept formation tell dog wolf fox jackal seen zoo course rare modern youngster encounters wolf fox jackal loose moved ask matter matters youngsters form concepts low levels problems forming concepts higher levels concepts develop naturally easy difficult concrete abstract according belief gained acceptance recent piaget theory sequence periods cognitive development extended researchers concept development proposes strong experimental evidence concept development children move hierarchical levels roughly age experience levels attained unchanging sequence level developed learner moves piaget perfect agreement hooper explore substantial differences piaget
obviously solving problems demand evidence try water jars strings pliers challenges friends problems kind beset tackled varying degrees skill varying ways refuse recognize problems recognize hope evade claim solved dump solve tackle head husband wife jobs turns shopping saturday incredibly successive weekends misplaced automobile keys supermarket husband happened retraced steps checkout counter aisle walked searching shelves scanning floor unsuccessful asked store manager announce plight loudspeaker chance found keys keys reasoning keys certainly supermarket searched parking lot area car luck hmmmm possibility remained unlikely emptied bags groceries floor car trunk keys bag dropped unknowingly paying checkout counter wife lost keys week solved problem differently phoned husband bring set lost keys later found driver seat keys news editor evening newspaper arrived office find small night staff
techniques complement checklists proposed davis attribute object situation listed considered separately determine improved technique extension object event dimensions identified ways varying attribute listed combinations evaluated ask students consider major attribute identify page book consider objects suitable slip paper piece string ribbon paper clip examine terms size shape color material tendency skid lost step involve combining attributes truly sharp class inch wide inch strip translucent red plastic clip top hold place sliding indicator side show page reader gotten closing book optional equipment class propose spring open book place book picked possibilities boundless class decide production super rich hire finish schooling technique stimulating creativity sets students considering animals insects plants solve problems solutions adaptable human beings discussion bees store honey honeycomb suggest compact efficient park automobiles arnold
terms emotional disturbance behavior disorder interchangeably supposed inclement behavior merely reflects internal emotional storms distinction terms widely describe observable disability emotional disturbance occupational hazard childhood adolescence children suffer emotional difficulty symptoms irritability tantrums destructiveness familiar parents teachers indisposition worse mild cold quickly passes causing parents teachers concern symptoms moderate infrequent recur repeatedly form youngster categorized emotionally disturbed young label apply uncertain american psychiatric association considering children elementary schools put incidence percent teachers consider children behavior disorders majority students showing mild problems kelly al investigators agree late adolescence emotionally disturbed boys outnumbered girls ratios ranging adolescence rate boys drops rate girls rises blake major reason uncertainty prevalence emotional disturbance young behavior disordered children difficult define children classified psychiatric cases neurological cases brain damage cases blocked emotional growth makes children antisocial unsociable approach viewed youngsters learned undesirable behavior helped unlearn
paul slender youth wire rimmed glasses loves war games kinds war ii platoon fights dungeons dragons says look mistakes commanders past intellectual exercise colin direct interest combat lists main concerns business power adds going making decisions frankly want eugene stark contrast modest policy try normal broadcasting re weirdo look re weirdo reason look students odd graduated week johns hopkins university age iqs precocious seniors found early age mathematical wizards capable feats scoring algebra tests subject graduation milestone unique program johns hopkins study mathematically precocious youth begun psychology professor julian stanley remembered boredom georgia public schools decided save kids experience stanley sought children baltimore area shown promise math asked scholastic aptitude test college bound high school students result group boys scored feat matched males stark test identified youngsters graduating johns hopkins michael robert addison mathematically gifted
academic performance interfere seriously success conclude decreasing anxiety increase motivation conclusion wrong considerable research relationship learning anxiety anxiety undesirable anxiety form arousal alertness awareness attention paying teacher evoke arousal teach successfully determined optimum level anxiety elicits maximum performance anxiety increases performance point trouble teachers identify point raise anxiety optimum level flick switch anxiety rise higher actually ways learning anxiety complicated denny found students high intelligence high anxiety performed complex learning task students high intelligence low anxiety opposite proved true students intelligence group students low levels anxiety surpassed high levels anxiety intelligence factors distractions organization difficulty task overloading short term memory interact anxiety enhance hinder learning order complexity tobias suggests information processing approach problem recall information processing theorists liken learning computer operations information screened enters brain coded storage transformed manipulated help solve problem tobias hypothesizes anxiety interfere processing points information read seen heard anxiety attention cues meaningless details
importance planning momentum experienced band teacher advice sure kids instrument mouth spit hands throw bog pay major purpose momentum ensure students actively engaged learning stress matter teachers expected pursue classroom topics actively sure students attentive careful observation teachers weakens expectation amount allocated basic academic subjects varies enormously teachers school predictably increased spent topic produces higher student achievement objectives borg allocated constant students things forty minute period student attentive thirty minutes stronger predictor student achievement engaged task student actively listening reading practicing reciting teachers considerable control task careful planning supervision instruction plan grade papers write objectives students working small groups need attention steering feedback argues large group instruction research shows small groups enhance learning conditions apparent conditions student ability small groups persons favor high ability students low ability students tend profit large groups peterson
makes teacher effective certainty proves effective student class need equally era accountability increasingly likely teacher evaluated teachers object strongly evaluation ground remains game rules argue philosophically human judge philosophy rarely inhibits evaluating pupils practical problems greatest problem define effective teaching centuries experience teaching remains difficult say methods characteristics teachers possess students expected learn thought teachers reflect moment teachers judged effective alike problem complex try identify teachers effective class students needs personalities teacher evaluation flawed difficult serves important purposes helps administrators weed obviously incompetent ineffective teachers shining stars rewarded promotion merit raises pay extremely purpose provide feedback teachers recall chapter feedback learners sense shows need improvement motivates trying teachers students learners teacher evaluation feedback help instructors correct failings things productive students encourage efforts improving instruction informal evaluation teachers goes course
process approach teachers refer observed principal administrator sits classroom theory notes teacher students behaviors interact kind observation flaws thing observer sees extremely limited possibly contrived sample classroom procedures observer arrives unannounced unlikely occurrence teachers unions require advance notice observation administrator teacher flustered give bad performance administrator arrive quiet students engaged chance active group instruction observation announced lesson representative routinely occurs classroom teachers careful present instructional techniques classroom skills observation limitation process approach depends general impressions subject halo effect halo effect chapter occurs single attribute characteristic colors impression teacher understandably nervous principal visit halo effect create impression teacher ineffective opposite extreme observer watch teacher successfully maintain quiet classroom imagine teacher effective aspects instruction classroom management systematic efficient process approach principal administrator employs objective observation schedule checklist behaviors summarized checked seconds occur costly likely employed affluent school districts practice calling trained observer checklist record
teacher information obtained evaluation provide exciting effective learning activities develop auditory awareness young children listen describe sounds hear environment listen music rhymes aware lovely sounds language improve auditory discrimination listen describe likenesses differences sounds words rhymes discrimination activities format games develop attentive listening skills teachers help children set purposes listening provide opportunities children give listen directions provide instruction requires children listen specific purposes stimulating methods help children develop listening comprehension class children listen taped conversation famous history purpose identifying individuals class listen beginning story predict outcome students listen commercials critically evaluate propaganda techniques hear develop appreciative listening skills listening poetry music literature pure enjoyment teachers effective language arts curriculum provide opportunities children develop writing skills folders child writing student teacher evaluate growth writing teacher realizes environment critical developing writing skills stimulates reacts ideas confers writer listens reads writing opportunities sharing writing merely assigning projects providing group instruction stimulation essential children write poetry field woods experience nature write creative story listen music discuss thought provoking item picture children environment experience development composition identifying audience purpose deciding subject organizing ideas
differences children ranked high language proficiency ranked low students demonstrated high language proficiency excelled control expressed ideas speech writing showed unity planning spoke freely easily rich variety vocabulary adjusted pace words listeners high proficiency group words oral sentence difference language development dramatic higher group reached level oral proficiency grade lower group attain sixth grade lower group oral communication characterized rambling dialogue showed meager vocabulary area writing high group fluent words sentence showed richer vocabulary superior connectors writing subordination combining thoughts complex forms high group showed greater proficiency younger age peers fourth grade level proficiency shown high group shown low group tenth grade students superior oral language ranked highest listening attentive creative listeners children superior oral language kindergarten grade excelled reading writing sixth grade concluded greater attention development instruction oral language child needs oral language instruction helps organize ideas illustrate complex generalizations oral discussion vital part elementary school program young children apparently similar stages language development rate development shows wide variations
researchers frequently recommended teachers informal means assess oral language development recommends published tests measure power living language spoken word teacher devise ways assessing oral language cassettes tape recorders video tapes otto smith provide rationale informal approach evaluate oral language development disabled students believe standardized instruments diagnosing speaking deficiencies based language standards contrived real generally give information informal assessments feel teacher carefully observe child total language development order formulate instructional approach child observation consider child effectiveness communication terms purpose message audience recommend diagnosis speaking deficiencies constructed highly personal comparing disabled student performance standardized scale avoided order course teacher need background language development operate individual perspective section review procedures teachers elicit oral language children purpose diagnosis techniques teachers found successful include evaluation language experience stories storytelling unaided recall story picture discussions wordless picture books authors recommend dictated story language experience order evaluate language informally language experience approach chapter recommends child allowed draw paint picture tell story teacher aide writes dictated
auditory blending refers ability combine separate letter sounds meaningful auditory discrimination significance auditory blending ability greater applied severely disabled readers vernon concludes auditory blending letter sounds form words inefficient students severely retarded reading vernon found group reading deficient students sound individual letters letter combinations blend letters form word concluded probable difficulty blending due simply failure auditory perception discrimination inability synthesize ability blend bears child instructional program programs place deal emphasis blending ability reading program demands child sound individual letters form words difficulty blend sounds uninterrupted synthetic phonic programs introduce isolated words lesson pace rapid child blending difficulties contrast instructional program stresses language experience stories words child handicapped inability blend instructional programs word family approach fat bat cat taught lesson approach demand blending ability teaches child sound words pan sat fast stand lesson auditory blending tests roswell chall auditory blending test essay press administered individually students fourth grades assessment consists ten items list consonant vowel vowel
offer teacher guidelines developing appreciative listening literature barrett taxonomy comprehension stresses development appreciative skills taxonomy developed relation reading application listening according barrett appreciation includes student awareness literary techniques forms styles structures author stimulate emotional responses barrett identifies tasks fall appreciation component emotional response plot theme identification characters incidents reactions author language reactions author imagery apply taxonomy listening situation emotional response task require students listen selection determine author develop plot theme elicit responses listener listener feel excitement happiness sadness emotional response individual matter certainly respond selection listen selections children respond pantomime creative discuss selection feel emotion students record favorite stories poems let listeners discover qualities stories poems emotional appeal listener creative fourth grade teacher asked students identify stories remembered childhood teacher presented popular selections orally fourth graders listened selections discussed universal appeal task identification characters incidents appreciation taxonomy requires students aware literary techniques prompt sympathize empathize reject character
handwriting instruction phases readiness handwriting developed home kindergarten early grade formal teaching manuscript writing beginning grade formal teaching cursive writing beginning grade early childhood educators contend readiness phase handwriting important readiness phase reading activities nursery school kindergarten early grade contribute child readiness handwriting graves suggests drawing writing development closely related realized attempts representation age difference later child differentiates drawing picture making continuous scribbles pages represent writing child begins try write indicating perception need handwriting child feel need unusual difficulties aspects writing drawing early writing experience give child opportunities explore space provided paper children entering kindergarten perceive need writing perceive need reading kindergarten programs include reading children language experience activities children dictate group individual chart stories help children relationship oral language printed stories handwriting children understand concepts word sentence handwriting meaningless fact regard handwriting impossible task expected monotonously neat properly spaced circles lined paper tool personal permanent communication remember kindergarten child experience dictating sentence artwork
grammar remember formal part language concerned children knowledge application grammar standardized achievement tests sections students demonstrate knowledge grammar teacher information test design instructional program tests measure students ability recognize parts speech aspects sentence structure test children application grammar application tested analyzing actual speech written samples produced individual child according savage evaluation grammatical application centers sentences children produce produce individual sentences based models sentence types sentence variety evident written ideas combined sentences sentences grouped paragraphs effective writing grammatical constructions problem standardized tests evaluate grammar generally based traditional approach testing students learned language children learned structural transformational grammar tested traditional understanding english results useless lamb notes responsible selecting tests recognize discrepancy taught tested approach testing grammar application grammar evaluated written samples teacher informal tests evaluation scales discuss chapter composition evaluation scales writing frequently include items sentence structure test evaluating child ability combine sentences syntactic maturity test roy hunt
proper educational environment fostering creativity according murray allow child progress stages development pace examination stages reveals numerous implications instructional environment child needs develop awareness means development sensitivity activities allow child experience wonders visual stimulations sounds smells tastes movements feelings teacher child experience tree busy city street child looks listens feels shares descriptive words phrases sensations students found developing descriptive vocabularies requires type activity fine literature poetry music expand awareness art building material allow children manipulate feel discuss write environment encourage child care awareness experiences help children develop empathy feelings experiences role playing activities allow child experience position role playing leads exciting creative writing environment child consider awareness murray calls incubation period mind think consciously unconsciously experience thinking impossible task sudden solution clear applicable writing teachers requires longer half hour child create product feels satisfactory children need longer awareness period children need awareness oral language experiences tentatively dictate write piece demonstrates feeling originality
william offers guidelines types teacher introduced stimulation effective ten olds found photographs effective student identify photograph photograph open ended responses show variation children give interpretations photographs level ambiguity confusing responses identical effective teacher introduced stimulus pictures sequences pictures photographs cartoons especially reliable developing narrative writing young children found pictures charlie brown coloring books highly motivating especially reluctant writer laminated individual pictures times stimulate discussion develop dictated individually written stories pictures effective seventh eighth graders summer remedial programs especially pictures charlie brown snoopy charlie says hit dessert picture charlie brown running waves shouting snoopy stop teasing porpoise charlie looks perplexed says pick dust fall teacher introduced stimulus music warns musical selection numbing effect subsequent writing bars stimulate creative response selection narrative records peter wolf university students night bald mountain stimulated imaginative sixth grader write description midnight asleep bald mountain
literature evaluated terms plot characterization setting theme style format children literature course covers subjects detail merely review quickly plot story develops action especially young children plot open quickly move steadily easily identifiable climax story ends soon climax plot discussed chapter creative writing plot predictable believable main characters able overcome problems easily main characters story believable characters remember lifelike develop course story characters laura house books authentic actually grow change course book developing characters author shows sides character lifelike characters bad true fairy tales characters flat change show side witch bad princess beautiful author methods develop characters story discussed creative writing chapter setting tells story takes place setting refers geographic location story events consistent actually occurred period location identifiable real place presented accurately authors historical fiction backgrounds tories authentic theme author purpose writing story students literature classes spend deal discussing theme story analyzing theme according levels dimensions
interest children books read children learn literature source pleasure children struggling learn read book source happiness fact books actually arouse negative feelings children reading aloud develops appreciation literature children manage reading ability educational concern affective domain instructional techniques improve attitudes highly desirable children pleasure derive books sharing relaxed environment teacher obviously enjoys literature reading aloud improvement brings related areas reading achievement vocabulary development study cohen demonstrated olds read aloud minutes gained significantly vocabulary reading comprehension scores cohen results surprising listening stories discussing afford opportunities learn meanings familiar words synonyms known words words concepts realistically expect types reading comprehension improve result hearing adult read aloud regularly children school primarily acquainted oral language parents read frequently reading required master books based oral language syntactic structure sentence patterns literary language child accustomed according psycholinguistic theory user knowledge language helps predict follow written oral language
technique adds visual interest storytelling illustrating story large sheets poster board felt board stories flip chart stories main ideas developed series pictures charts drawn hand aid opaque projector successful flip charts dimensional materials yarn fabric sandpaper small stones bark straws add tactile dimension flip chart invite children touch pictures students drew flip chart story entitled freddie private cloud rice shingles house cloth clothing real feathers birds nylon net clouds sandpaper lawn mower engine spaghetti ladder bark tree trunks rolls real paper newspapers beans stones sponge waves felt animals roll story sequentially illustrated pictures drawn large roll paper unrolled story told completed roll story inside box opening cut television screen roll dowels end easy roll unroll roll stories excellent culmination activities read told story children form groups draw pictures retell story pictures roll stories reinforce reading skills storytelling skills grade teacher told peter wolf students students listed scenes story chose sequential scenes illustrate teacher cut roll paper sections fit length classroom tables children teacher assistance measured distance needed picture reading instruction
language experience stimulates oral language writing providing opportunities discussion exploration ideas expression feelings language experiences turn provide content group individual stories composed children recorded teacher teachers introduce students language experience approach development group chart story age group frequent readiness early reading activity kindergarten grade chart story written entire group guided teacher shared motivational experience motivational experience activity involves group oral language children drawn discussion activity students brought baby chick classroom graders looked listened chick carefully touched fed watered discussed saw heard felt cared excellent chart story resulted child contributions story grade remedial reading teacher involved children making pudding wrote experience story seventh eighth grade learning disabilities resource teacher read literature selections students class develop chart stories main characters examples motivational materials activities include trips films building projects pictures guest speakers science experiments puppet shows music poetry room offers rich environment activities provide motivational experiences chart story motivational experience oral discussion teacher records story exactly child teacher record story large piece newsprint poster board chart chalkboard later reprinted chart
discussed approaches recommended teaching students reviewed successful city early intervention programs section discuss requirements relevant curricular content materials including basic materials literature reading discussion relevant content children minutes browse instructional materials school area displayed materials centers college university look content stories pictures leading characters basal readers instructional materials materials source knowledge country living country classify country compare books published instructional materials publishers late find major differences recently college classes evaluated story selections looked library books school public libraries found recent texts tried balance selections stories stereotype characters contrast earlier materials primarily white middle class families group college students shocked find contact oriental cultures edition textbook believe oriental heritage worked laundry restaurant found older texts included biographies past primarily white tendency improved recent texts include biographies white racial backgrounds famous women
learning center requires specific components effective management general directions directions activity center essential general directions tell purposes center specific directions activities require information students complete tasks successfully examples directions directions need written effective recorded tape learning center films books slides filmstrips records tapes call written oral artistic interpretations center requires method evaluating answers specific activities activities evaluated evaluated student teacher evaluated creative language arts activities course correct response shared group displayed bulletin board discussed teacher small group defined place students put completed individual folders boxes bulletin boards activities management simplified activity directions finished product children share motivating audience start activity types record forms connection learning centers records schedule students centers records notebooks checklists teacher records student type improves center usefulness organizing times numbers students scheduling depends purpose center number children number activities performed learning center
word implies exceptional individuals differ society regards normal specifically intellectual emotional physical performance falls rises normal peers note norm range acceptable behaviors deviates range cultural standards constantly change today fashion infrequently yesterday influence emotional duress giddy happiness anger temporarily behaves society accepted standards likewise limitations physical intellectual abilities trouble batting ball shooting baskets forget poor decisions experience difficulty finding obvious solutions simple problems forget phone number inadvertently stumble wrong bus drive past familiar freeway exit harried afternoon range normal deviations limitations lies exceptional instance individuals repeated attempts harm limited intellectual capacity extensive training learn catch bus due intellectual physical handicaps drive car depends degree frequency deviation norm exceptional differ norm significantly repeatedly impair success basic social personal educational activities professionals disabled impaired disordered handicapped exceptional disabled generally refers person functioning reduced result physical deficit significant problem learning social adjustment
guide student simpler complex responses systematic instruction relies breaking task series small steps student master specific task teacher reduces smaller manageable units careful sequencing learning tasks goal teaching severely handicapped student feed reasonable precise allow carefully planned instruction dividing skill small instructional objectives teacher sequence builds student difficulty chewing food teacher knows begin mealtime instruction spoon step fundamental systematic instruction quickly rigid set inflexible procedures feature highly significant feature necessity continually updating information student progressing failing progress case grade student teacher specifies skill student order succeed instance adding simple math facts measures student progress terms ability task information comes direct observation set instructional program direct measurement target skills tells teacher student learn information organized term short term objectives help teacher place student curriculum sequence instructional activities addition teacher continues collect information instructional plan
student parents unknown unavailable ward educational agency appoint substitute parent called surrogate surrogate parent precisely rights natural adoptive parent represent student matters affecting student identification handicapped evaluation placement free public education parents obtain independent evaluation conducted certified examiner independent local educational agency handicapped child independent evaluation requested cases parents disagree interpretations evaluation data lea multidisciplinary evaluation team circumstances school pay independent evaluation cases schools inform parents request concerning obtain independent evaluations parents entitled written notice school initiates refuses initiate change student identification evaluation placement provision free public education notice explain fully due process safeguards parents describe action proposed refused reasons actions proposed refused options school considered options unacceptable describe evaluation procedure test record report school basis decision describe factors relevant decision notice written language understandable general public provided native language parents dominant mode communication sign language schools obtain parental consent evaluating student
age jim active physically attractive boy completed elementary grades regular classroom performing grade level jim motor development average ice hockey football baseball speech language development conform normal pattern months hearing language acquisition evaluated begun talk nonverbal intellectual ability evaluated found perform adequately area language expression jim finally uttered words unintelligible family enrolled nursery school language stimulation class language began follow normal delayed pattern development jim entered kindergarten vocabulary poor hard understand substituting sounds articulating speech sounds tongue forward mouth jim began stutter speech complete halt efforts say word spring term kindergarten referred speech language pathologist evaluation intervention speech therapy focused reducing stuttering parent counseling teacher intervention developing vocabulary adequate entry grade intervention continued summer grade beginning grade jim referred therapy result problems spelling oral reading referral teacher stated believed jim problems articulation interfering reading spelling
reading complex skill requires ability recognize recall differentiate letters printed words requires ability match remember matches written letters letter sequences spoken sound word counterparts addition reading requires ability relate printed word word sequence sentences paragraphs accurate meaning base reading materials advanced ability recognize interpret sentence forms sentence transformations important reading material complex readers assume active role developing theories verifying rejecting theories comparing printed text read learning read process known spoken language code secondary visual symbol code proficiency reading acquired reader applies normal knowledge language normal language experiences process goodman learning spell process known code speech sounds word meanings visual symbol system letters words spelling involves associating printed letters speech sounds recognizing remembering variations occur associations patterns spelling basic words varying spelling contexts learned surprising approximately children early speech language delays difficulty reading spelling early grades mason children nonverbal age severe language communication disorders proportion reading spelling retardation greater
surprise mentally retarded display problems speech language development speech language course closely intellectual development specifically higher prevalence speech problems retarded population dunn macmillan difficulties articulation substitutions omissions sounds occur addition language deficiencies common retarded including delayed oral language development dunn restricted vocabulary incorrect grammatical usage mildly retarded population physical health characteristics differ dramatically comparison groups mildly retarded disadvantaged display distinctive physical health characteristics performance motor skills frequently significantly impaired multiply handicapped dunn excel activities sports compared nonhandicapped case impaired multiply handicapped nature handicapping conditions differ physically individuals differences physical capacity health mildly retarded population generalizations differences mildly retarded individuals comparative standards persons equated age height weight skeletal maturity bruininks warfield study mildly retarded young perform significantly lower peers areas motor proficiency bruininks exception disadvantaged
future programs severely handicapped characterized major modifications areas case management community based residences infant post school intervention programs states control departments education reaching age severely handicapped child included school special education program placement continued age locality relevant post school program person tends start anew sheltered workshop activity center post school program exists institutionalization frequently choice approach involve lifelong case manager severely handicapped individual case manager presumably agency responsible services retarded department mental retardation mental health case managers close liaisons educational programs retarded infancy adulthood including community residential programs avoid pitfalls sporadic intervention assist parents formulating realistic futures child case manager parents develop lifelong plan child plan evolves include provisions type supervised community residence individual reaches linking services infancy preschool school post school avoid inefficiency programming isolation established goals promotion consistency teachers settings educational methods objectives centralization relevant medical information avoid expensive duplication diagnoses
identify dominant areas motor disabilities myers condition manifested excessive movement hyperactive student unable sit stand constantly needs moving classroom confined seat station room translates need active finger foot tapping term describe unnatural inactivity child sit quietly periods school accomplish refers lack muscular control student gross motor control problems walk awkward gait difficulty throwing catching ball skipping hopping difficulties fine motor control evident cutting scissors zipping purposeless disadvantageous repetition activity child persist coloring area picture drawing thick layered perceptual disabilities motor problems traditionally received attention de emphasized federal register include motor problems identification criteria ld students experience types social emotional difficulties poor concept low frustration tolerance anxiety social withdrawal social rejection task avoidance poor management skills slowness frustrated learning difficulties learning disabled students disruptive social settings develop negative feelings worth emotional development differ normal children tend learn terms course results poor concept esteem
elliott lives younger brother mother home aunt uncle elliott father arrest record drunkenness gambling repeated traffic offenses left family ago entered school elliott showed aggression tantrums coercive means getting children adults problems increased grew older kindergarten boy show exceptionally high levels assertiveness incompletely developed control referring special education services elliott grade teacher reported consistently disobeyed threatened dominated classmates screamed cursed frequently lied physically attacked occasions hitting scratching kicking biting formal assessment iq score indication brain dysfunction basic reading arithmetic skills elliott assigned special resource teacher taught half worked regular class teacher devise classroom management procedures principal school psychologist suggested mother local community health clinic physician soon afterward boy prescribed medication administered home elliott aggression disruption decreased considerably virtually academic progress develop positive relationships peers age assigned special education classroom teacher trained pupils behavior disorders teacher provided highly structured learning environment clearly communicated expectations rules explained activity routines privileges rewards pupils obtain performing academic school citizenship responsibilities successfully
widely tests school age population performance scale wechsler intelligence scale children revised wechsler performance scale standardized hearing impaired sample anderson sisco according sullivan vernon ideally conjunction nebraska test learning aptitude evaluate cognitive abilities hearing impaired population ages instructions orally modified pantomime visual aids total communication iq scores derived performance nonverbal block design picture arrangement picture design object assembly coding nebraska test learning aptitude nonverbal bead pattern memory memory color spatial reasoning picture identification norms provided hearing hearing impaired standardized pantomime instructions instrument raven progressive matrices raven individuals older psychologists feel intelligence test international performance scale extremely popular test hearing impaired children youth administered pantomime requires nonverbal responses recently questions raised standardization reliability validity ratcliffe ratcliffe test nonverbal test cognitive skills johnson boyd case licensed psychologists experienced knowledgeable assessment hearing impaired individuals conduct intellectual assessments communication involves language speech auditory system
visually handicapped children youth face problems social interactions indirectly caused inability attitudes reactions likely shape perceive relate parents react emotionally negatively esteem feel rejected children included playground games able catch throw ball perform bound difficulty building confidence sense worth including parents unsure relate visually handicapped offended friend low vision recognize street afraid offer assistance fear wrong insist helping help needed wanted visually handicapped children learn early initiative setting ease ability mature quickly nonhandicapped peers hand blind youngsters encourage attitudes guilt pity find result unnecessary gifts privileges mobility limitation social contacts factors combine place visually handicapped individual disadvantage initiating social contacts difficulties moving freely foot depend transportation present knowing group visually handicapped adults participate labor force rate general population peterson reasons social attitudes general including employer reluctance hire visually handicapped addition personal social characteristics found visually handicapped individuals unrelated ability
working mathematical problems require memory complex operations difficult pencil paper setting calculating multiplication division problem braille extremely laborious abacus adaptation japanese valuable calculating device severely visually handicapped nolan morris inexpensive small portable easy operate pocket calculators commonplace visual displays help visually handicapped talking calculators limited vocabulary saying number operation entered answer appears number special mobility aids presently developed supplement travel cane dog guide farmer form electronic detection device presence objects tactile auditory signals range hand held instruments devices worn glasses carried cane studies shown visually handicapped opportunity practice successful aids detect objects negotiate routes travel farmer thornton electronic devices answer expensive require special training part experimental outlook future developments mobility aids promising noted visually impaired partial vision situations extent remaining vision demonstrated study visually handicapped children partial vision ages instruction previously restricted tactile auditory materials taught vision daily practice sessions reading readiness materials
paquita grader small town southwest child mexican immigrants born shortly parents arrived country father works farmhand mother part seamstress paquita bilingual english poor compared mexican american students class behaved polite class paquita participated class discussions volunteered classroom activities asked understood lessons instructions responded affirmatively poor suggested complete lack comprehension performance bottom class students months intensive effort individual tutoring avail referred evaluation suspected learning disabilities mental retardation paquita evaluated school psychologist understood english english version administered assistance spanish speaking interpreter instructions english spanish paquita told respond language verbal responses spanish occasionally answered english wechsler achieved full scale iq results testing low concept responses testing situation limited yes psychologist suspected severe language disability compounded low concept recommended educational testing educational recently trained system pluralistic assessment administered paquita medical model profile medical organic problems paquita adaptive behavior score percentile indicating functioning child cultural group
recognize parent involvement critical element success early intervention programs success term programs severely multiply handicapped keeping handicapped child home normal family environment weighed high costs financial interpersonal family faces parents place severely handicapped child publicly supported institution pay care hand choose child home bear normal costs child care extraordinary financial burdens handicapped child likewise parents family members share daily demands frustrations part teaching helping severely handicapped person kind demands frustrations special educators spend training meet financial assistance effective parent training programs families past seen alternative place children institutions parents joined professionals programs establish consistent intervention goals procedures home school settings coming expand programs remove financial obstacles keeping handicapped child home responsibility educating handicapped individuals increased governed monitored federal legislation professionals special education responsive moderately severely profoundly handicapped movement begun shape national commitment offer full educational services individuals historically denied preceding chapters reviewed current research systematic instructional procedures proving effective individuals
conditions demand continue demand higher levels competence special educators field seen professional training programs respond competency based applied experiences students teachers mildly handicapped achieve success merely applying knowledge normal child development learned college classrooms exceptional children youth teachers severely multiply handicapped learn ways interacting students totally unrelated knowledge experiences college training program intense durable experiences severely handicapped children week york haring equally important need service training professionals staff worked severely handicapped severely handicapped succeed professional educator works develop kind rigorous confidence developed professionals helping fields medicine nursing physical therapy communication disorders final analysis offer list ways teachers mildly severely handicapped increase effectiveness list inevitably incomplete let consider areas professional growth teaching exceptional learners achieving competence staying informed remaining socially responsive occasions exceptional students require special arrangements special instructional procedures materials order learn successfully perform automatically skilled surgeon special teacher needs carefully refined practiced skills ability observe analyze record behaviors critical instruction
undertaking writing book looked professional journals full confusing definitions conflicting results elaborate theories suddenly realized fallen trap attempting teach students exceptional children blindly missed essence field preoccupation academic analysis distracted viewing emotional side forgotten joy watching crippled child steps retarded child finally learning write emotionally disturbed child bringing temper control forgotten disappointment experienced retarded child returned vacation lost worked hard learn agony felt holding destructive emotionally disturbed child anxiety shook told desperate parents complete lack local services child professionals special education don project joys pains working exceptional projecting reality students enroll introductory course exceptional children learn times mongoloid rocks lunchtime frequency severely retarded child number head bangs exhibited extinction emotionally disturbed child definitions blind wonder handicapped individuals thought weird wonder working handicapped children thought crazy professors trying help students grasp essential confusing information forget communicate emotionally appealing aspects special education
young child faces task learning understand confusing happenings understanding restricted concrete early childhood concomitant development language skills child gradually begins deal abstractions begins complex ways unfortunately educators path leading simple concrete communication complex abstract variety understanding treacherous child afforded environmental experiences rich stimulating language environment early childhood required develop verbal intellectual skills essential later school success horton white develop intellect expressive skills child provided stimulating sensory social experiences involve child emotionally help create need communication clearly insufficient unsatisfying experiences social physical worlds hamper drive talk question eventually reduce child motivation create language thought patterns school failure language patterns children lower socioeconomic levels source considerable concern linguists psychologists educators language lower class children differs significantly standard english spoken middle class children teachers public schools equate cultural deprivation language deprivation insisting lower class children succeed school learn middle class language school system similarly bloom davis hess treat speech lower class children terms language deficit
aware course emotionally disturbed children wild fantasies prepared wanda wanda eleven met tested iq didn enrich fantasy able find topic conversation area curriculum place free bizarre imaginings fantasies jeans wore special forty pocket hundred pocket jeans zippers front drew stylized pictures fantasies president governor pit pendulum doctors nurses swimming pools toilets injections physical examinations project mercury moles arm microphone talked leg thermostat controlling body temperature end engaged fantasies wanda peculiar fixed grin face eyes glazed giggled talked apparently high pitched squeaky voice frequently drew pictures captions representing objects activities engaged bizarre behaviors flattening floor wall kissing caressing talking impossible teach wanda rational conversation fantasizing fantasy impossible predict times reality oriented behavior suddenly enter fantasy wanda fantasies buildings carried conversations took human characteristics
amendment united states constitution guarantees equal protection law citizens required series court cases federal legislation equal protection respect education reality handicapped children country closely related civil rights movement civil rights movement handicapped resulted legislation guaranteeing exceptional children longer denied educational services discussion court cases laws pertaining exceptional children scope intent book reports federal bills affected handicapped gifted passed congress table page outline major court cases legislation affected education exceptional children focus attention public law education handicapped children act law called landmark legislation culmination efforts educators parents legislators bring comprehensive bill country laws regarding education handicapped children law reflects current concern treating handicapped including children full citizens rights privileges citizens basic understanding central understanding trends special education today major features law free public education provided handicapped children school systems provide protective safeguards protect rights handicapped children parents handicapped children educated nonhandicapped children maximum extent individualized education program developed implemented handicapped child parents handicapped children play active role process educational decision handicapped children
wide variety special assistance needed exceptional children teachers today schools genuine effort provide continuum services range educational placement options provided serve children appropriately continuum viewed pyramid placements ranging restrictive regular classrooms bottom restrictive special residential school facilities top fact pyramid widest bottom greatest number exceptional children accommodated regular classrooms number children require restrictive intensive specialized placements smaller move noted children considered handicapped mild moderate disabilities number mildly mentally retarded children greater severely retarded children mild moderate behavior disorders greatly outnumber severe behavior disorders severity problems increases need specialized services increases number students decreases worth noting levels service depicted figure generally regular public school buildings children levels attend regular classes nonhandicapped peers supportive help special teachers provide consultation child regular teachers special resource rooms resource room specially trained teacher instruction exceptional students part school individually small groups children level require full placement special contained class exceptional children school
untapped source tutoring help exists classroom students idea peer tutoring age classmates teaching lancaster recently focus renewed interest research peer tutoring typically implemented high achieving students assigned tutor students mastered skill handicapped low achieving student singled special help contrast peer tutoring system handicapped student full participant ongoing class activity direct individualized instruction provided student class social interactions handicapped nonhandicapped classmates encouraged peer tutoring program developed teaching basic sight word vocabulary primary grades student class tutoring folder flash cards pocket page card word taught child partner children serve tutor student role student child practices words individualized list words teacher chosen giving pretest daily peer tutoring session begins students getting folders participating minute tutor huddle tutors photo children turns presenting orally reading sight words shortly responsible teaching partners partners tutor working words soon teaching
major problems current etiological theories learning disabilities based brain damage problem lack evidence learning disabled children display clinical medical evidence brain damage brain damaged children learning disabled reported results eeg readings normal learning disabled children results showed normal children learning disabled children displayed abnormal brain wave patterns learning disabled normal children rated abnormal certainly results prove direct relationship brain injury learning disability problem brain damage assumption serves powerful built excuse failure teach child wonder couldn teach brain damaged child learn thought fault brain injury prevents learning unfortunately traditional association term learning disability idea brain damage teachers react wonder couldn teach learning disability learning disabled children show definite signs brain damage learning problems researchers claim biochemical disturbances child body learning disabilities dr benjamin received publicity claims artificial colorings flavorings foods children eat learning disabilities recommends treatment learning disabilities consisting diet foods synthetic colors flavors san francisco treated woman acute case hives
prior meeting child meet informally regular classroom teacher identify expectations children room identify exactly kinds behaviors child needs learn returning classroom lose sight fact final objective working students regular classroom period handle think key resource room identifying child successes initially putting regular classroom areas experience amount success child resource room build skills needs learn completely integrated regular classroom learning read simply learning complete task happens resource room based child individual need child difficulty quietly walking room getting assignment going desk praised constantly kind thing behavior learned child rewarded completing task finally rewarded accuracy assignment eventually child reinforced kinds skills needs regular classroom gradual thing beginning child skills rewards achieving accuracy child learned complete task left happened kids tricks learning disabled children learned sit days look extremely busy re accomplishing virtually resource room teacher help help learn finish start need places constantly moving making sure task giving praise hug don system falls
denise spoke freely home mute school decided treatment program united environments token economy chosen purpose treatment program bridging home school require full cooperation denise parents meeting arranged teacher explained denise parents things school gold stars home buy things provided stars cover cost desired item denise parents list items activities daughter liked addition vocalizations behaviors increase likelihood speech listed rewarded behaviors requiring denise speak earned stars chart illustrating rewards relative cost stars constructed taped refrigerator door denise house folder save carry home gummed stick stars denise teacher explained classmates denise absence going play game object denise talk school promise possibility denise talking strong incentive peers cooperate teacher asked denise classmates try pay attention denise things read list desired behaviors told ignore times denise rapid progress program earned star joining story took part group activities hi answered questions teacher accumulated stars needed doll important note behaviors involve speech rewarded token economy started behaviors denise included reinforcement
science advances recent development sophisticated instruments techniques enabled detect describe hearing impairments increasing accuracy infants young children earlier hearing impairment identified child chances receiving treatment developing communication skills behaviors satisfying social relationships child hearing impairment goes undetected age age children typically enter school valuable learning opportunities irretrievably lost regions infants routinely tested hearing impairment aid electrical evoked response audiometry require voluntary response person tested despite modern techniques hearing impairment goes undetected children infants hearing deaf alike babble coo smile later deaf children tend stop babbling vocalizing hear parents baby silence mistakenly attributed unfortunately hearing impaired children erroneously labeled mentally retarded emotionally disturbed spent inappropriately institutions realized problem deafness mental retardation emotional disturbance avoid future efforts continually conduct screening tests hearing impairment educate doctors teachers parents recognize signs hearing loss children hearing formally tested examiner exposes child sounds levels intensity frequency device generates sounds called audiometer child responses recorded chart called
jennifer child learn parenting child flying blind parents initial reactions vary ways declare ignorance remember mother learned child hearing loss husband remark find deaf jewish boy thought hearing aid school deaf answer daughter born weeks early fact late developing ways didn alarm doctor speech age began taking specialists told return months jennifer took medical center toronto expecting cure worst accurate diagnosis seen neurologist speech therapist told main problem receptive complicated high frequency hearing loss recommended speech therapy assured mentally retarded jennifer began speech therapy half hour week significant putting pail water acre potatoes enjoyed try hard age jennifer speech arranged nursery school teacher class wasn accepted children loved going wasn ready public school couldn nursery school appealed parochial school system word vocabulary certainly wasn ready grade took jennifer struggling unsuccessfully fourth grade point younger children give help devastated didn realize missed gained constant exposure children
states provinces close cooperation public school residential school programs serve visually impaired children thurman reports canada atlantic provinces residential school employs network itinerant teacher consultants provide instruction materials assistance visually impaired children attend regular public schools offer regular consultation teachers region expected visually impaired children gradually integrated local public schools residential school mainly serve students young visually impaired children require training basic skills residential schools played important role training teachers visually impaired children preservice service basis residential school equipped serve resource center instructional materials place visually impaired students receive specialized evaluation services increasing number residential schools offer short term training visually impaired students attend regular public schools summer workshop emphasizing braille mobility vocational training noted visually impaired children constitute small portion school age population unique needs current trend greater integration visually impaired children regular public school classes generally welcomed educators caution wholesale placement visually impaired children regular schools adequate support vision professionals tend resist special education programs visually impaired students unrealistic argue expect regular teachers teachers trained areas special education competent specialized techniques braille mobility visual efficiency
recently deal interest specialized methods teaching communication skills severely handicapped children students able learn understand produce spoken language students attain desirable goal speech communicate severely handicapped student communicate verbally likely wider range educational employment residential recreational opportunities open student widely curriculum functional speech language training severely handicapped guess sailor program step step approach teaching expressive receptive concepts labeling possession color size relationships objects precise guidelines trainer criteria student responses furnished severely handicapped students sensory physical intellectual behavioral limitations learn speak extensive training sign language originally intended deaf widely severely handicapped students sign language advantages teachers readily mold children hands signs signs observable relationship sign object action represents nelson sign language widely general community speech course learned child teachers peers parents employers learning sign language severely handicapped students later able acquire speech skills factors considered selecting types signs procedures working severely handicapped students discussed dennis williams
watched phil recently mothers handicapped children talked pain blessing special child mother severely handicapped boy sit walk diapers days understand pain blessing part continues elude notwithstanding kind caring met tragedy makes jaws clench word special idea damaged children special parents picked role myths territory reinforced popular media present heartwarming images retarded marry fly airplanes fortunate struggle teach meaning courage love stories course inspirational tales side story side deals daily care family member need normal families give parents endure silent stoicism chin humor greeted applause don say realizing course choice matter consciously choose child healthy normal truth spoken aloud thank god mother show talked difficult care severely brain damaged daughter end serenely takes family child put child woman firmly concluded audience clapped approval give says awful institutions don bars windows children lying neglected crowded wards workers taking direction legendary big nurse
practice placing children special education programs handicapped gifted solely performance standardized intelligence tests rapidly disappearing widely felt past iq tests resulted inappropriate labeling placement students diverse cultural backgrounds iq tests present fair complete measure intelligence culturally diverse students hilliard called attention sources cultural bias widely tests cognitive ability tests based faulty premise child comes test similar background experiences examples potentially unfair test items cited test child familiar words wasp captain hive casserole shears cobbler hydrant test child distance boston london icebergs melt child order answers correct assume women weak need protection policemen nice labor laws examiner distinguish ignorance disagreement hilliard finds bias intelligence tests contends iq scores interpreted knowledge sociocultural factors contaminate child adaptive behavior considered racial imbalance classes mentally retarded disappears pp obvious standardized tests english unlikely give accurate picture young child abilities child comes non english speaking home specifies assessment purpose identifying handicapped children conducted child native language unfortunately reliable tests languages english
grew didn labels look realize bona fide learning disability entered grade auditory memory skills helped impossible catch thought reading page actually reciting utilizing cues pictures getting buddies give key words started sentences key words started sentence rattle rest grade took pictures readers started associate text topics sentences page numbers corner lost reading problem couldn math problem visual spatial orientation put math problem paper numbers lined properly knew meant subtract multiply divide handle verbal times times basically learned problems heart past digit numbers hundreds sudden put paper couldn place number subtracted beneath column subtracted problems carry couldn put carried digits place hung place impossible simple sum
prospective special educator aspire teacher professional related discipline direct services exceptional children primary function specific direct view special education profession professional view set skills knowledge practice wisely special training imply person relate provide interventions exceptional child educators profession seriously adding belief unfortunately held society teaching fall brings point commitment desire help exceptional children develop fully wonderful step special education perceived considering field nice thing love children lots patience heard patience children fact exceptional children need teachers impatient teachers impatient methods materials don help children learn teachers patient discover modifications techniques produce learning patient lack progress implied stressed opportunity book teaching exceptional children requires systematic instruction demanding prepare demand relevant date information hands practical experiences teacher training program
effect society control enter gatekeeper lets visitors pass refuses handicapped society gatekeeper doctor declared infant imbecile urged parents forget child teacher regular public school classroom overburdened large classes mountains paperwork social financial problems schools face resisted problem kids class school psychologist test scores added iq label mentally retarded employer wanted hiring handicapped workers social worker school board member voter gate society occasion past saddest parent concluded early child able learn children learn places children hear feel achieve children words ways society views defines handicapped influences individual members community view respond individual handicapped person tried point book views society changing changed believe past principle exclusion primitive unfair find change court cases recent laws ensured handicapped children regardless kind severity handicap fully entitled education categories labels research experience theories practices presented book translate personal terms choose careers direct service handicapped chldren adults
systematic arrangement symbols key characteristic language systematic nature language shown interrelated principles language operate regular ways language system system peculiar respects language language systematic language arbitrarily attached vocal generally graphic symbols ideas objects part culture serves arbitrariness part language related systematic nature culture simply designated sound set sounds represent need talk french say le chien english say dog arbitrarily designated symbols sound graphic forms represent object regularly systematically language complete culture term nuclear physics american indian language need term difference makes language advanced complete systematic social instrument facilitating communication things want communicate characteristic language evidence change english apparent compares pages king james version bible shakespeare play hemingway issue language occur ways readily think meanings attached words words combinations words changed objects ideas think pronunciation spelling tend longer occur aware read written hundred ago
children classroom teaching resource narrow sense principal resources textbook materials intended supplement materials films cassettes cards intended replacement textbook virtually classroom textbooks readily accessible instructional aid teacher aids directors regulators begin instruction page textbook continue page page manner fails account language abilities needs class say varying needs abilities individual children class language arts textbook important aid teaching teacher serve functions properly suggested earlier basic instructional approach section textbook provide aspects approach identified general language textbooks present point view teaching skills attitudes information philosophy identify skills content authors believe suitable grade level serving reminder base instructional program evaluated addition textbooks suggest methods teaching language skills provide practice materials suggest activities establishing learning skills abilities taught provide evaluation materials suggest materials techniques limitations language textbooks textbooks relied heavily
physical materials classroom important stimulation language growth creativity drabness wall bulletin board decorations displays pictures objects handle talk important course language signs titles plates show words records tapes tables shelves books show delight knowledge bring classroom language growth taking place shows evidence children part planning preparing arranging decorations displays activities taking place necessarily mean neatness children learn materials left strewn room easily found needed condition mean absolute peace quiet reign children learn share experiences discuss activities help problems moment children enter classroom opportunities developing language abilities children talk naturally engage activities interest program capitalize ability interest beginning stage children school progress tub water makes beginning question sloppy thing classroom playing water fun children involved forget shyness begin chatter chipmunks number activities result water play encourage language development discussing float won washing toy dishes doll clothes talking animals live water don painting school sidewalk
parents society expect schools teach english meaning want children learn english important community standard english referred earlier difficult define fact simply defined terms specific words pronunciations thought expression purpose speech writing consistent system language comfortable audience language natural rule reflecting custom widely accepted society serves needs society static communication needs society definition based criteria national council teachers english urged teachers observe acceptable usage determined living language today recognizes dialect geographical vocational variations judged appropriateness purpose intended recognizes situational levels speech takes account historical development language previous sections chapter tried define show distinction grammar usage suggested matters usage need instructional attention suggested instructional attention elementary teacher teaching grammar suggestions concerning teaching usage final part chapter section directed question grammar teaching grammar teaching tradition elementary schools earlier elementary schools called grammar schools today parent occasionally talks grammar school child attends
pantomime expression tells imitation familiar easy children show pantomime start simple ideas encourage children pantomime inside thoughts feelings pantomime groups individually children imitate parent driving car caring baby shopping groceries playing golf imitate look face person happy surprised angry sad actions want mimic swimming watching television vacuuming rug playing dog cat building snowman entire body brought pantomime children pretend add suggestions children add rag doll tin soldier runaway horse angry dog dish jello monster tree windy fat lady trying tie shoe sat tack fireman climbing ladder coffee pot perking pantomime activities develop sense awareness child pretend put foot tub ice water look apple think taste bite chew find half worm act putting finger hot pie eating hamburger smelling burning stove hearing noises night child imitation pantomime children enjoy guessing child pantomime activities children game provide opportunities language development encourage questions responses word
teachers surprised discover unison speaking difficult choral lower elementary children difficulty coordinating voices precision essential quality unison speaking form requires greatest skill director wish young children unison speaking try mother goose rhymes easily interpreted serve beginning pantomime wealth poems suitable unison speaking intermediate upper grades purple cow burgess choral reading speaking advantages assembly presentation children class involved stage children learn selection child selected soloist comes measles production part involved trauma sick child program appreciate advantage choral speaking dramatic play essential part language arts program primary grades essentially creative advocated important aspect oral language program middle upper grades creative advantages formal dramatization obvious requires scenery props costumes memorization lines important values course helps develop creativity language thinking voice body movement essence creative improvisation children inspired imagination choosing words actions convey desired impression
word essay fallen disuse literature classes apt term type writing offers endless opportunities creative expression simple terms essay expression beliefs feelings person event idea writing speaking children adults qualities essay personal letter loosely organized essay reflects writer personality likewise experience stories children write dictate teacher essays essay advantages vehicle creative expression form children experience focus major attention choosing express ideas feelings nature essay creative personal expression children want express likes dislikes fears desires form appeal help improve image child believes feelings unimportant finally essay similar form kinds writing commonly children adults stories poems children learn organization methods developing ideas developing creative talents classroom newspaper extremely challenging motivating writing children intrigued discovering reporting events school community homes newspaper published weekly monthly occasionally special holidays events frequency determined principally course amount learning enjoyment children gain activity factors considered
teacher simply writes topic topics board asks children begin writing think actual writing begins writing expected result fact children write ways avoid provide choice topics single topic likely suit interests abilities entire group general topic grown study unit suggest ways treating topic aspects dealt wise minutes discuss topics suggesting children suggest ways treated hopefully spur pupils think possibility select topic list board children help words suitable connection topic list need include word dredged children thinking started include nouns verbs adverbs adjectives children discover early adjectives words describe finally importantly topics chosen eye children interests experience actual vicarious expected write uninteresting unfamiliar pictures bases ideas technique getting children write collect pictures sizes subjects mount heavy paper file ready reference filing topic dogs winter children farm animals colors
punctuation chart suggests grade levels introduction direct teaching maintenance teaching punctuation items taught elementary school mind approximations class progresses rate child punctuation marks taught needed children writing active language arts program children encountered marks reading aids understanding meaning reading orally pointed participated group writing kinds individually written sentences lists experience stories friendly letters reach middle grades true need start virtually beginning case genuine need write letters directions notes reports reviews announcements news articles provide writing guidance writing teaching needed punctuation items natural adjunct program research shown children advance elementary school tend errors punctuation show improvement punctuation skills surely means true children regard punctuation importance teaching inadequate insufficient opportunity punctuation items genuine writing situations evaluation resulted review items needing attention punctuation taught connection situations need communicate children shown contributes communication fewer problems
questions spelling instruction require attention questions related activities helpful accomplishing objectives spelling program fact frequently result commercial materials classroom materials misunderstood research spelling instruction recent interest linguistics relationship spelling centered extent correspondence speech sounds letters represent writing studies shown sound represented letter cases group letters frequently letter researcher tabulated representations sounds word vocabulary reported sound spelled percent sound percent importance information spelling program debatable authorities stress regularity sound symbol relationships generally termed phoneme grapheme correspondence stress exceptions correspondence present frequently written words important remember sounds represented single letter cluster letters deal regularity sound vowel sounds represented letters word patterns important pupils pupils learn bed fits pattern red fed led spelled learn vowel sound occurs head represented differently frequently confusion phonic phoneme grapheme generalizations taught reading instruction application spelling
person vocabularies tend group words speaking writing reading listening considerable overlap vocabularies evidence listening vocabularies larger reading speaking writing especially true young children learned read write learning children speaking vocabularies generally largest true adults adults able read write spell words need writing early stages learning read gaining adequate vocabulary reading tasks difficult children children words reading materials task determining graphic printed form reading abilities approach reach considerable maturity reading vocabularies large average person understands words unlikely speaking writing speaking vocabularies informal needed reading writing person speaking vocabularies home friends working hours including professional specialized terms kind formal social situations strangers meetings effective communicators learned vocabulary occasions vocabulary differences importance vocabulary recognized especially teachers traditional tendency teach formal language attempt insist
teaching words word elements directly including meanings important root words prefixes suffixes teaching develop meaning root port prefixes suffixes added report import portage portable porter reporter export learning meanings commonly suffixes prefixes forms help children unlock meanings words meet give active practice looking familiar elements words prefixes suffixes latin greek roots english base words instance child knows word limit suffix able il variation difficulty arriving reasonable definition direct teaching include listing words phrases prompt images shimmering snow rolling waves shattering blast discussing meanings suggesting phrases create images children encouraged notice discuss alliteration rhyme slogans similarly opportunities capitalized noting words meanings shifted meanings added consider space words junk clean stage capsule pad bird categories word study include manufactured words rayon dacron words multiple meanings pitch fall lean loaded emotional words tested machine loved learning reinforcing learning words expressional activities language appeal children cartoons drawings illustrate word meanings accurate word choices dramatize meanings words specific contexts play charades words learned
upper grades children learn footnotes generally elementary grades need require footnotes direct quotations short paper source item information found needed checking bibliography pupil notes later learn longer papers desirable footnote types information directly quoted elementary school children assigned write term papers important learning involved ability correlate information sources organize written report subjects sufficiently limited scope children concentrate organization form writing sloppily throwing volume information children notes emphasize copy directly source putting quotation marks words copied exact page number immediately quotation avoid unintentional information footnotes decide quote directly introduce word explain meaning invoke severe penalties occur unintentionally thank later check sources suspicious formation bad habits positive aspects note taking reporting help children learn paper simply series quotations strung organized dirty pool merely transpose words phrases consider writing original ideas information report gathered sources organization wording original
facets language arts instruction important providing children ability desire read books children look library storehouse pleasure information key storehouse ability find knowledge wanted book bring pleasure chapter concerned teaching children skills enable pleasure information books important remember skills valuable help children unlock storehouse valuable ally enlist teaching library skills librarian librarians chosen profession books want share teachers children want help grow naturally teaching turned librarian extent motivation library skills classroom activities children need deal individual help reinforcement library classroom enthusiastic librarian believes books shelves children hands providing stimulating interesting environment children learn library skills taught directly completely learned skills learned situation meaningful purpose introduced children need locate information find book interest simply explore room full books
books quotations introduced manner similar introduce almanacs famous facts primary objective children aware books understand organized ways helpful bulletin board entitled wish child selecting author appeals finding quotation author selected written cards credit author source board extend activity children check facts person encyclopedia notes give orally write report references mentioned intended suggestions excellent books impossible teach important thing children aware resources found libraries familiar ways plan lessons special interest class conjunction class activities units study children seventh eighth grade adept locating materials ready introduction reader guide stressed child learned encyclopedia easily readily table contents index book locate information learned organize materials sources ready complicated source
principle feeling depressed thoughts dominated pervasive perceive entire dark gloomy terms worse believe things bad imagine substantially depressed begin believe things negative look past remember bad things happened try imagine future emptiness unending problems anguish bleak vision creates sense hopelessness feeling absolutely illogical real convinced inadequacy forever principle enormous philosophical therapeutic importance research documented negative thoughts emotional turmoil nearly gross distortions thoughts valid learn irrational plain wrong twisted thinking major suffering implications startling depression based accurate perceptions reality product mental slippage depression precious genuine important human experience phony synthetic counterfeit suppose believe validity important result clinical research learn deal moods effectively master methods help pinpoint eliminate mental distortions feel upset begin think objectively begin feel
find jumping conclusions suppose telephone friend fails return call reasonable feel depressed tell friend message wasn interested call distortion mind reading feel bitter decide call check say think obnoxious call fool negative predictions fortune teller error avoid friend feel put weeks later learn friend message stewing turns lot imposed painful product mental magic thinking trap fall called magnification think trick blowing things proportion shrinking magnification commonly occurs look errors fears imperfections exaggerate importance god mistake terrible awful word spread wildfire reputation ruined re looking faults end binoculars makes gigantic grotesque called catastrophizing turn commonplace negative events nightmarish monsters think strengths opposite look wrong end binoculars things look small unimportant magnify imperfections minimize points re guaranteed feel inferior problem crazy lenses re wearing
key releasing emotional prison simply thoughts create emotions emotions prove thoughts accurate unpleasant feelings merely thinking negative believing emotions follow thoughts surely baby ducks follow mother fact baby ducks follow faithfully prove mother knows going let examine equation feel attitude emotions reflect kind evident ultimate truth unique depressed today share conviction aware feelings expressing openly represent emotional maturity implication feelings represent higher reality personal integrity truth question position feelings se necessarily special fact extent negative emotions based mental distortions case viewed desirable mean rid emotions want turn robot want teach avoid painful feelings based mental distortions valid desirable believe learned perceive realistically experience enhanced emotional greater appreciation genuine sadness lacks distortion joy sections book learn correct distortions fool upset opportunity basic values assumptions create vulnerability destructive mood swings
frozen conviction bad let naturally feel pursue daily recently treated lonely elderly woman spent days bed spite fact felt shopped cooked socialized friends sweet woman holding responsible daughter divorce earlier explained visited sat talked things son law asked things going maybe helped wanted didn opportunity feel failed reviewed illogic thinking felt immediately active human god expected predict future precisely intervene thinking illogical defeating mental sets feel trying wade pool molasses going say oppression results attitudes feels ton bricks virtually meaningful activity decent chance brightening mood preoccupied flood negative destructive thoughts temporarily distracted internal dialogue important sense mastery experience disprove distorted thoughts slowed place
important key successful activation involves learning adopt scientific attitude defeating predictions performance abilities put pessimistic thoughts test discover truth common defeating thought pattern depressed think productive stems fear blamed try save face creating illusion inadequate incompetent single thing problem defending lethargy manner start believing telling say hypnotic suggestion genuinely convinced paralytic invalid typical thoughts include cook function concentrate read bed clean apartment thoughts defeat sour relationships love statements annoying whining won perceive looks impossible nag set frustrating power struggles extremely successful cognitive technique involves testing negative predictions actual experiments suppose telling upset concentrate read testing hypothesis sit today newspaper read sentence summarize sentence loud
shooting choices stand shoot leads warfare mutual destruction run try dodge bullets results humiliation loss esteem stay put skillfully disarm opponent found solution satisfying wind person sails end winner opponent feel winner accomplished simple critic wrong initially find agree let illustrate easiest situation let assume critic primarily correct previous angrily accused sounding rushed indifferent occasions say re absolutely rushed called sound impersonal pointed times want emphasize didn intend hurt feelings re rushed sessions recall sessions length decide ahead scheduling appropriately adjusted schedule sessions fifteen thirty minutes longer comfortable suppose person attacking making criticisms feel unfair valid unrealistic change agree feel utter nonsense
empathy ultimate anger antidote highest form magic book spectacular effects firmly entrenched reality trick mirrors needed let define word empathy mean capacity feel feels sympathy sympathy highly touted opinion empathy mean acting tender understanding manner support support highly valued empathy empathy ability comprehend accuracy precise thoughts motivations say yes exactly coming extraordinary knowledge understand accept anger act actions liking remember actually thoughts create anger person behavior amazing thing moment grasp person acting knowledge tends put lie anger producing thoughts ask easy eliminate anger empathy damn mad answer empathy difficult acquire humans trapped perceptions react automatically meanings attach getting inside person skull requires hard don learn pages let start businessman recently sought help frequent episodes angry outbursts abusive behavior family employees didn wanted bite heads succeeded intimidating enjoyed dominating humiliating
key distortion leads guilt label bad person actually kind superstitious destructive thinking led medieval witch hunts engaged bad angry hurtful action counterproductive label bad rotten person energy channeled persecution creative problem solving strategies common guilt provoking distortion inappropriately assume responsibility event suppose offer constructive criticism boyfriend reacts defensive hurt manner blame emotional upset arbitrarily conclude comment inappropriate fact negative thoughts upset comment thoughts distorted thinking criticism means conclude don respect put illogical thought head obviously assume responsibility reaction cognitive therapy asserts thoughts create feelings nihilistic belief hurt matter license run family cheat wife screw partner financially re upset problem thoughts wrong importance concept cognitive distortion extent person emotional upset caused distorted thoughts say responsible suffering blame individual pain error
works jed mildly depressed college student twin brother ted seriously depressed dropped school began live parents jed felt guilty brother depression jed told outgoing hardworking brother early childhood grades friends ted jed reasoned social academic success enjoyed caused brother feel inferior left jed concluded ted depression carried line reasoning illogical extreme hypothesized feeling depressed help ted stop feeling depressed inferior type reverse perverse psychology home holidays jed avoided usual social activities minimized academic success emphasized blue feeling jed sure gave brother loud clear message jed took plan seriously hesitant apply mood control techniques trying teach fact downright resistant felt guilty getting feared recovery devastating impact ted errors jed painful illusion fault brother depression contained half truths sound persuasive brother felt inferior inadequate early childhood undoubtedly harbor jealous resentment jed success happiness crucial questions follow jed caused brother depression jed effectively reverse situation making miserable
attitudes das test probe tendency measure esteem based react think positive score ten independent healthy sense worth confronted criticism disapproval negative score minus ten excessively dependent evaluate eyes insults puts automatically tend look emotional exquisitely sensitive imagine think easily manipulated vulnerable anxiety depression criticize angry attitudes test assess tendency base worth loved positive score love desirable wide range interests find gratifying fulfilling happiness esteem likely find attractive radiate healthy sense love interested aspects living negative score love junkie love need survive happy closer score minus ten dependent love tend adopt inferior put roles relationships care fear alienating result lose respect consider burden attitude love collapse
remember art psychiatrist chapter receiving training university pennsylvania art suspicion patient suicidal patient history symptoms depression felt hopelessly trapped intolerable marriage art received call morning patient found dead bullet hole head suspicion homicide raised probable death suicide art lost patient reaction included sadness fondness patient anxiety fear supervisor peers disapprove look mistake lack foresight discussing death supervisor asked frankly feel let supervisor response conveyed sense warmth empathy rejection art relieved supervisor told experienced similar disappointment past emphasized opportunity art learn cope professional hazards psychiatrist discussing case refusing give fear disapproval art learned error overlooked fact feeling hopelessness lead suicide individuals depressed learned demand perfection wasn expected guarantee successful outcome patient suppose turned supervisor peers condemned thoughtless incompetent worst outcome rejection
don expect rely word topic reports janet learned experience joys reliance propose perform series experiments janet test belief curse willing arrive truth objective scientific manner help developed pleasure predicting sheet shown figure form divided series columns predict record actual amount satisfaction derive recreational activities engage share column record date experiment column write activities plan part experiments suggest carry series forty fifty experiments week period choose activities ordinarily give sense accomplishment pleasure potential learning personal growth column record activity write column word remind fourth column predict satisfaction think derive activity estimating scale percent higher number greater anticipated satisfaction fill fourth column planned activity filled columns proceed activities
psychotherapy sessions hank habit pointing imperfections real storm office pound furniture heaping insults abuse hank accusation didn care cared money maintaining high therapy success rate put dilemma grain truth criticisms months making payments therapy concerned drop treatment prematurely end disillusioned eager add list successfully treated individuals truth hank haranguing attacks guilty defensive course sense volume criticism increase sought guidance associates mood clinic handle hank outbursts feelings frustration effectively advice received dr beck especially emphasized unusually fortunate hank giving golden opportunity learn cope criticism anger effectively complete surprise realized fortune addition urging cognitive techniques reduce eliminate sense irritation dr beck proposed try unusual strategy interacting hank angry mood essence method don turn hank defending opposite urge say worst things say
drugs correct categories agents widely prescribed table page enhance potency brain mood messengers synaptic junction actual increase levels substances category medications known inhibitors drugs lead actual elevation levels amine messengers emotional regions brain brain loaded extra amounts chemical transmitters presumed chemical amine deficiency corrected lithium carbonate type effects lithium complex clearly understood lithium similar ordinary table salt known electrolyte smooths destructive mood cycles patients emotions swing unpredictably uncontrollable extreme elation deep despair known certan drug opposite effects paradox challenging puzzles psychiatric researchers trying solve current theory suggests lithium stabilizes chemical messenger levels cyclic oscillations amine concentrations apt occur tryptophan fourth newest type naturally occurring amino acid present normal diet brain synthesis chemical messengers thought vital mood regulations subject intensive research past decade tryptophan fascinating passes rapidly stomach mood centers brain promoted natural agent
pep pills amphetamines commonly prescribed weight loss true drugs produce temporary stimulation elation cocaine dangerously habit forming temporary high tend crash experience profound sense despair chronically drugs produce aggressive violent paranoid reaction resembling schizophrenia doctor friend recommends taking pills suggest obtain opinion reliable physician pronto called major tranquilizers agents reserved true schizophrenic reactions manic disorders play major role treatment depressed anxious patients minority depressed individuals benefit agents extremely agitated stop pacing older depressed patients paranoid delusional depressions major tranquilizers worsening condition tendency sleepiness fatigue review drug prescribing practices obviously represents physician ideas differ psychiatry blend art science art longer prominent ingredient feel uncertain treatment ask physician questions urge explain treatment simple terms understand boss employee brain body risk rational understandable mutually acceptable strategy developed therapy excellent chance benefiting doctor efforts
basic objectives public school vocational education curriculum listed chronological order acceptance goals meeting society needs workers increasing options student serving motivating force enhance types learning vocational education programs sponsored employers goals designed meet short term needs single employer public human resources development programs attempt achieve objectives comprehensive employment training act ceta programs include general education component occasional teaching reading students functionally illiterate adult ceta trainees reading essential success types jobs acquire reading skills rapidly type facilitation apply general education subjects subjects rarely taught vocational skills ceta programs managers stockholders profit making organizations rarely justification funds facilities train need wish educate personnel ways increase probability change employers hand interested providing education programs increase employees options company increase job satisfaction employees meet company current anticipated needs skilled employees profit making vocational schools seldom interested providing training individuals unable pay cost training objection disappears federal government pay costs prefer offering programs occupations demand greater supply avoid programs enrollments apt small placement graduates difficult
periods recognized shortage workers vocational education hailed nation press educational literature vital nation welfare half generation later acute worker shortages met remaining shortages forgotten vocational education late twenties early thirties sharply attacked waste taxpayer money mid fifties parts problem related nation worker needs related perception nation needs workers term needs noted earlier chapter continue change sharp short term trends affected expansion contraction total job market employers consumers optimistic job market expands rapidly demands workers employed past recently workers employed unskilled jobs transition full employment painless removed unemployment rolls part workers took full jobs working pay accepted full employment term trends clear fewer fewer unskilled workers needed means successive expansion total economy process adjustment increasingly difficult want skills knowledge participate technologically oriented labor force training periods skilled workers longer unskilled workers training costs employers rise employers likely demand public assistance meeting training needs
successive steps career ladder related job content lower steps prerequisites advancement higher steps necessarily case alternative routes stage career ladder technician ranks skilled workers enter technician status school vocational program experience skilled worker primary functions education vocational education enable individual completes educational program enter career ladder higher step progress career ladder educational background received employment situations structured vocational education effect career ladder frequently cited field health professions person receives vocational education practical nurse states person desires registered nurse alternative begin educational program account person previous training experience similarly registered nurse slightly longer career ladder desires physician begin completely anew presumably situation corrected job redesign changing licensure procedures established extremely difficult change internal labor market completely approach career ladder development internal market person secures employment entry port progresses broader broader career opportunities based entirely seniority company
citizenship demands general education education needed vocational competence personal development demand general education specialized education education needed educational philosophers agree elementary school concentrate general education graduate school concentrate specialized education arguments occur regard role secondary school community college baccalaureate program believe twelve sixteen general education citizenship deny specialized schooling drops school high school college graduation al feel free say presumably problem solving courses late school pupil means course early dropouts miss altogether regrets dropouts occur learning potential exploited full point giving problem solving instruction sufficiently motivated master parts curriculum intelligent encounters problems authors believe specialized education say specialized training layer educational system devoted exclusively treating substitute orphan common general education philosophers deny passion elitist difficult classify deny essential part education choose continue school compulsory age attendance key position lies assumption problem solving postponed things learned intelligent problem solving
preceding discussion identified major difficulties traditional protestant ethic worked minority groups easily stereotyped individuals justify personal advancement expense disposed identifying perversion ideal education teach exist dealt firmly society problem visible minority groups difficult say portion minority group morally wrong schools impose schools impose society values major tasks school prepare students survive achieve society blatant hypocrisy teach students hold values throw students competitive choice accepting values marginal economic social existence perfectly acceptable school change society values acceptable school lie students telling conform academic values hold values school spite fact schools teach vast majority society believe ideal person protestant ethic person works diligently enjoys let unrelated activities distract saves money goods tomorrow means denial today
fortunately past economists seriously asked graduates dropouts educational programs differ lifetime earnings consulting census data found number educations amount income possessed individuals concluded education produced income led statements high school diploma worth dollars neglected account effect socioeconomic level leads millionaire son college high income college graduation child unskilled laborer quit school early low income analyses overlook influence ability motivation education high income adopted conventional wisdom belief vocational education give student head start general curriculum college preparatory student soon pass earnings nearly determined belief supported single study effects socioeconomic level controlled information interaction ability social class motivation affect cost effectiveness types educational programs higher student ability social class motivation longer stay school attendance school closely related lifetime earnings variables related earnings parts country college preparatory program attracts students highest verbal ability general curriculum attracts able vocational curriculum students lowest verbal ability
learn senses including kinesthetic sense modify chains nerve activity central nervous system leads changed pattern muscle action response future stimuli pattern action call behavior effects behavior called performance experimental study learning process animals especially rats led emphasis trial error learning conditioned response learning important rats unimportant human learning human learning study learn nonsense syllables known experiment began syllables jig nan known students students prior knowledge difficult determine learned experiment deal known learn nonsense syllables unfortunately type learning unimportant real learn meaningful material learn nonsense material regardless learning conditions meaningful material learned faster retained longer nonsense material teachers overlook fact material appears meaningful nonsensical student case learned slowly retained short material appears nonsense teacher learner chief values vocational education fact change material students consider nonsense relevant meaningful material
logic approach individuals conceived comprised constellation traits aptitudes interests values psychomotor abilities energy levels temperaments observed measured assumption patterns personal traits unique individual assumption individual understands personal characteristics possessed order priority ranking choose accordance trait factor approaches assume occupations learning situations terms unique requirements combinations quantities individual characteristics essence occupational educational options terms levels individual behaviors potential behaviors essential performing required situations information comes sources trade competency examinations job analysis occupational aptitude profiles sampling finally trait factor approaches assume occupational choice primarily function matching person profile characteristics set occupational educational requirements closely related prediction closer individual characteristics requirements occupational educational options likely adjustment success result trait factor approaches mainstay vocational guidance employment selection systems turn twentieth century spurred development tests inventories assess individual characteristics occupational information creation predictive systems assessing weights importance individual traits accomplishment occupational tasks establishment counseling systems
leaving developmental perspectives important note theorists researchers important contributions realm prominent individually validated super concepts staging vocational development significantly extended insights components development specifically studied intersection anticipation occupational choice actual induction occupation chosen identified stages occupational induction process composed social induction reformation integration according individual comes occupation set ideas occupation ideas evolved stages anticipation exploration crystallization choice clarification question ideas congruent reality occupation person expectations realities totally congruent give individual environment involve processes reformation integration individual modifies concept accommodate job expectations job tends bend individual style demands dramatic induction successful hand induction requires accommodations limits individual tolerance permitted concept process exploration anticipation likely individual moves occupational change highlights perspectives include emphasis vocational development continuing process differentiating ego identity erickson model psychosocial crises encountered developmental stages explanation differences vocational development
traditionally americans expected educational system prepare exist comfortably existing society influential critics education charged education failure revolutionize society change markedly educators prepare enjoy perceive areas change needed willing able change invariably principal emphasis conformity society controls schools society interested educating conformists educating small number revolutionaries education dilemma need prepare exist comfortably society change revolutionize society dilemma exists career education especially vocational education phase frequently stated objective vocational education enable graduate succeed line success measured terms employer satisfaction graduate frequently terms worker satisfaction job evaluative measures encourage educational programs stress learning practice human relations learning rock boat societal dissatisfaction job structure vocational education seen means promoting job enlargement eliminating discrimination based sex race changing poor eliminating socioeconomic barriers career mobility clear vocational education program graduates enjoy experts getting rocking boat unlikely produce graduates push employers fellow employees costly improvements job safety major job content promotion patterns job assignments
schaefer kaufman found fathers half vocational students male female employed laborers craftsmen foremen fathers college preparatory students occupational groups college preparatory students likely vocational students fathers employed professionals pp fathers occupations measure socioeconomic status clear low high ranking curricula vocational general college preparatory approximately equally spaced continuum donovan repeatedly high school juniors expect dropout graduate high school graduate junior college vocational school similar attitudes attitudes students expect graduate colleges males group frequently chose shop drafting industrial arts interesting subjects females choose business secretarial subjects males expecting earn baccalaureate degrees chose science social studies history females chose english speech fourths group wanted occupations professions potential fourths chose professions potential college graduates chose majors spread widely professions fields percent males percent females chosen liberal arts major regardless expected level educational attainment types students agreed large majority college place prepare job schaefer kaufman study massachusetts youth presented data college going rates major secondary school curricula
considerably vocational students education high school students vocational curricula pointed speculation technical student speculation deals subject technical students studies post secondary education students concerned criteria admitting students concerned predictions success curricula studies uniformly find high socioeconomic status high secondary school grades high ability achievement test scores indicators success post secondary education implication students score low criteria task college instructor simpler answer student ranks low characteristics findings taylor studies students succeed curriculum enroll likely withdraw college transfer curriculum found percent students withdrew college transfer programs enrolled occupational education curricula remainder dropped school finding suggests community college vocational technical curricula occupational fields students unable succeed technical curriculum move related vocational curriculum change objectives sharply
shortages skilled personnel increased surpluses college graduates increased normal economic forces process pay structures fields community community beginning firefighters police officers truck drivers occupations vocational training provided start higher salaries school teachers city planners architects professional occupations occupational training provided society trends soon average salaries follow course starting salaries wages changing working conditions improving skilled workers short supply demand working conditions equal provided white collar workers respect signify era status qualified nonprofessional status vocational education instructor meet society needs hand likely vocational instructors turn unqualified graduates subject closer scrutiny true past increase efficiency lose justification continued employment federal legislation directed vocational education meet needs labor market students admitted profit instruction offered local advisory committees dominated labor management strongly recommended prior instruction offered occupations required learn short supply act changed philosophy meeting needs individual students vocational education continued business usual
solutions sponsored department labor united states office education numerous advantages advantages completely outweighed tremendous disadvantage segregate students socioeconomic level data effect patterns school organization rate attendance education likely types segregated occupational education decrease college going rate type parallel school system private vocational school considerable potential competition community colleges schaefer kaufman report survey twenty hundred private vocational schools percent primarily barber beautician colleges accept high school diploma pp view small proportion private vocational schools accepting high school dropouts source training likely important factor secondary school level argument favor specialized educational institutions college transfer programs vocational technical education administrators selected allow encourage full development specialized program arguments spurious sufficient size operate programs obtained specialized comprehensive institutions size secondary school population base declines fewer high schools afford release students attend area schools likely administrator key success technical institutes area vocational schools specialized segregated vocational school organizations administrator important generally assumed study study shows general education administrators comprehensive institutions place higher vocational education vocational educators institutions
valuable type vocational education foreign assistance development vocational educators involved realistic term approach development vocational education abroad term vocational education provided individuals share culture students educated true reasons national pride demands key positions staffed nationals country training reason goals methods cultures diverse contradictory outsider difficulty communicating suggesting solutions entirely inappropriate offensive culture teaching attempt solve problem assignment counterparts country served addition carrying assigned role teacher administrator vocational education american foreign expert expected simultaneously train counterparts carry foreigner leaves practice counterpart system worked wrong assigned counterparts equally american vocational educator interested training replacement considerations suggest remedies americans appreciation cultures exist continent understanding appreciation values held american middle class section country vocational educators forced lower class leaders demand respect attitudes gradually change step understanding cultures full scale american participation international conferences vocational education
authors sought define adolescence concepts psychological identity defined social process clear stable identification established process identification completed adolescent loses childhood identifications kind identification achieved absorbing sociability competitive apprenticeship age mates crystallization identity considered psychologists primary task adolescence according view adolescence period integrating features development evans characterize integration reorganization reorganization provoked mounting cultural pressures independence decisive personal action assumption broader responsibilities hazard adolescence according erikson identity diffusion role confusion believes adolescents temporarily experience degree role confusion cites experiences falling love inability commit oneself occupational endeavor set ideological beliefs examples role confusion identity diffusion adolescents emerge experiences sense identity able commit intimacy person perceptive observer american youth believes reaching place segment population contends traditional concepts adolescence longer relevant fact adolescence vanishing according process adolescence fundamentally definition definition means person learning feels differentiating oneself culture
guidance defined mean individuals claim part occupational titles meaning face derive root word guide means direct pilot manage steer parents basically view counselor directs steers children endeavors efforts clarify term pointing distinctions implicit word guidance concept mental image educational construct intellectual synthesis educational program practices meet demand concept guidance denotes point view helping individual educational construct refers provision experiences help pupils understand program refers procedures processes organized achieve educational personal goals attempt supply definition play words order create artificial guidance volume process helping individuals understand true definitions key words definition immediately clarified qualified meant process process phenomenon shows continuous change word guidance involves series actions steps progressing goal meant helping helping defined aiding assisting availing helping occupations psychiatry psychology social major purpose prevention remediation human difficulties word individuals definition guidance refers pupils school setting specifically guidance assistance normal students need help events concerns occur normal development
semantic invent words cue government organizations words stand person engaged guidance samples supplied investment perpetuation stand opportunities student development assistant individuals personal planning teachers principals interest child undivided person accept position home town high school thought maybe stick word guidance limp criticism guidance counseling lost identity psychology core element criticism psychology education knowledge base source authority status counselors educational vocational counseling viewed routine preferred client severe emotional disorder issue counselors virtue concepts techniques social developmental personality clinical psychology denigrated lost distinguishing features educators criticism counselors inadequately trained perform functions serve basis employment charge counselors prepared teachers later basis meager training counselors charge think counselors perform psychiatric functions criticism true functions counselors widely known standards preparing counselors implemented criticism counselors spend college bound students neglect large numbers youth enter labor market
counselors employed department veterans benefits provide vocational counseling educational assistance veterans service personnel service january sons daughters deceased veterans permanently totally disabled veterans veterans service connected disabilities wish pursue course training prepare suitable occupations eligible veterans entitled month educational assistance allowance month active duty january maximum thirty months counseling veterans desire assistance making vocational choices selecting program education training counseling provided twenty thousand veterans connection plans education training thirty thousand disabled veterans special counseling programs developed educationally disadvantaged veterans myers interagency overseas europe east vietnam counseling program veterans launched designed mitigate debilitating effects civilian re entry experienced veterans problems confronting veterans according myers stem inadequate counseling active duty educational opportunities re entry civilian society fact military skills difficult transfer civilian labor market lack receptivity society large veteran general combat specialized veteran inadequate bill educational benefits lessen readjustment problems servicemen early education counseling program instituted military personnel scheduled discharge months unprecedented scope comprehensive information guidance group sessions individual counseling sessions conducted requested
qualities characterize counselors focus speculation investigation research topic intensified study counselor role function initiated american personnel guidance association literature salient counselor characteristics appears evolved phases speculation based experience observation research isolate traits differentiate counselors professionals research identify personal qualities effective counselors effective counterparts research focusing personal characteristics derived idea counselor influences gains counseling profession appears fourth phase research directed identifying influence success counseling demographic counselor client variables race sex age physical attractiveness material selected illustrate research literature phase national vocational guidance association issued statement saying counselors ideally possess personal characteristics interest patience sensitivity attitudes reactions emotional stability objectivity respect facts trustworthiness wrote personal maturity important characteristic counselors valid assess group association counselor education supervision counselors basic qualities belief individual commitment individual human values alertness open mindedness understanding professional commitment presumably listings qualities led accusation advance endorse reincarnation phenomenon
general agreement academic requirements ensure counselor selection sufficient requirement high quality counselor preparation programs require demonstration academic ability satisfactory record academic performance assure criterion met fond hope counselor educators criteria successfully employed raise quality counselors produced tremendous amount effort energy devoted research area results date mixed doubt disappointing clear cut personality pattern emerged assurance selection counselor candidates say results entirely negative known regarding characteristics counselors total group seek entry training programs suggested school administrators identify potential counselors school administrators needs careful attention appears individuals encouraged school administrators seek counselor education desirable candidates practice nominating encouraging classroom teachers deserve opportunity merely return school setting discouraged simplify staff acquisition reduce turnover understandable hope administrator necessarily lead quality guidance programs constitute responsible administrator contribution counselor selection selection occur effort devoted screening procedures efforts require candidate subjected lengthy assessment procedure involving extensive testing interviewing evaluation performance situational tasks
consulting counseling chapters commonly giving advice dictionary definitions consulting expert advice rendered professional review consultation literature suggests universally accepted definition dictionary definitions augmented describes consultation school setting process consultant collaborate develop means assisting students according consultants knowledge complement assessing student needs developing positive classroom climates instruction definitions consultation incorporate references words client consultant client person organization system problem person trying solve problem consultant person helping solve client problem definitions consultation literature presented process interaction professional persons consultant professional consultant help regard current problem difficulty decided area specialized competence consultation interaction process interpersonal relationship takes place professional workers consultant worker consultant assists worker solve mental health problem client clients framework usual professional functioning
attention focused exceptional individuals high low end classification terman interested scoring superior superior range launched classic longitudinal study iqs decades subjects mountains data gathered determine fared school career marriage family lives originally undertaken disprove existing myth early ripe early rot beliefs highly gifted children prone insanity physical weaknesses social inferiority terman soon demonstrated superior children physically socially inferior grew older seed surpassed intellectually endowed counterparts accomplishment reported exceptional intelligence guaranteed precluded ordinary happiness worldly success subjects terman study past retirement age based survey data obtained observed women study careers awarded nobel prize similar honor family mattered women absence children satisfied advent war american psychologists devise group intelligence test screen assign draftees led otis robert yerkes group constructed army alpha army beta tests army alpha designed literate individuals army beta read write tests marked large groups individuals tested tests adopted industry education research led refinements
appraisal built primarily purpose predicting student behavior programs standardized tests compare students reference basic questions test data aspects students futures predicted guidance communicate students basic essentials prediction help decision making processes current controversy tests imperative counselors highly selective responsible counselors need acquainted test propose purposes test designed purposes want test purposes congruent test misuse abuse inevitably follow high school students vulnerable appraisals highly susceptible interpretations test data test results break confidence students flourish searching objective sound analyses performances accompanied intelligible realistic pictures adolescents find adequate support esteem range undertaking finding place testing appraisal practices help ensure students evolve concept include real abilities interests inclinations accord reality testing stated beginning chapter part appraisal component question important dimension chapter include statement principles address testing appraisal appraisal undertaken ultimate benefit individual position statement points testing appraisal services reflect respect individual
stated approximately ten computer based career guidance systems developed past fifteen classified systems terms computer generations generation batch information storage retrieval systems generation line information storage retrieval generation interactive systems generation interactive systems katz reported explaining college students interact computer examine values obtain relevant information interpret predictive data formulate plans students arrive process tentative career decisions modify gain insights additional information emphasis merely content decisions process decision making developed educational testing service direct inquiry system students communicate computer cathode ray tube terminal keyboard responses questions multiple choice format student receive paper copy questions answers presented terminal monitors student progress system keeping track responses basic questions reviews information student decisions students progress subsystems treating distinctive topics brought section called strategy section asks values held student series ten occupational values high income prestige independence security defined occupational terms weighted according importance student values section helped student define wanted occupation section locates occupations fit values section compares obtains information occupations
associates concerned developmental process making vocational choice original theory based belief individual selects occupation chance developing patterns activities largely irreversible place formative child advocated development approach question occupational choice saw process occupational decision making divided distinct phases period fantasy choice period tentative choice period realistic choice phase coincides period ages eleven early late adolescence early adulthood period tentative choices thought progress stages interest stage choices primarily relation interests capacity stage individuals aware necessity introducing realistic elements considerations stage characterized adolescents attempts find place society transition stage individual approaches end high school look forward additional education period realistic choices suggested divided distinct stages exploration individuals try acquire experience need resolve occupational choice crystallization covering individuals able assess multitude factors influencing occupational choice consideration finally able commit specification alternatives reviewed respect field specialization career objectives fundamental considerations theory occupational choice process takes place minimum typically ten
marland urged students taught skills needed living equipped point left school labor market statement marked start movement grown rapidly shows promise levels education elementary secondary country marland actually defined career education public addresses papers concept merging academic vocational curricula educational entity termed career education goal student completing grade twelve ready enter higher education rewarding employment definitions suggested career education development skills knowledge individual students fulfill unique needs regard occupational choice social responsibility leisure activity personal development totality experiences learns prepares engage part living person centered developmental deliberative collaborative effort educators parents business industry labor governmental personnel systematically promote career development persons creating experiences help learn academic vocational basic skills achieve sense agency making informed career decisions master developmental tasks facing stages curriculum counseling community recently department education revised policy statement career education definition term
fact american counselor education programs conducted countries interest counselors american universities according hollis conducting counselor education degree programs united states include boston university wayne university ohio university university maryland ball university university southern california offered counselor education courses abroad peabody college vanderbilt recent programs directed specifically preparing members armed services dependents careers termination service reported eighty local counseling centers eighteen regional psychological sociological medical centers functioning flemish french language districts belgium according established guidance center europe nationwide comprehensive guidance service set law functioned jurisdiction minister education law stated counselors belgian citizens possess certificate degree recognized institution center staffed counselor nurse doctor social worker clerical staff complete record filed client including test data summary disposition service free recently reported types career guidance belgian schools school assistance focused course program selection specialized help represented aspect community guidance services according schools individuals designated career counselors fifty centers provide services schools counselors serve individuals age eighteen
psychological testing according tests trends identified schools colleges promoting developmental career education professionalization careers teachers growing interest career guidance higher education settings herr watts examined rise definitions characteristics career education britain contrasted matters american views career education career guidance noted career education britain considered part pastoral care traditionally referred aspects education formal education provided secondary schools guidance looked increasingly synonymous pastoral care careers officers housed specific schools visit schools giving talks holding discussions pupils herr watts career education england consisting components awareness opportunity awareness decision making preparation transition contrasts british american career education according length kindergarten grade england age fourteen sixteen depth traditional subjects england special course breadth awareness exploration preparation stressed england decision making emphasized setting home community industry england secondary schools woody studied thirty students enrolled counselor preparation program reading england investigated personal characteristics theoretical orientations counseling response styles tendencies variety knowledge related guidance knowledge counseling competence home overseas origin significant differences existed home overseas students personal characteristics assessed edwards personal preference scale counseling response style assessed porter counseling inventory
variety external forces increasingly influence counselor preparation certification certification requirements undergo upgrading uniformity fifty states evolve certification guidance personnel undergoes constant change result developments counselor preparation continue future change occur respects number teaching experience reduced substantially substitution guidance internship lieu teaching experience reciprocity procedures initiated personnel prepared nationally accredited counselor education institution able practice schools practice certifying personnel waiving certification spend half counseling disappear determination candidate eligibility employment school guidance positions increasingly rest counselor education institutions education departments preparation programs certification requirements elementary school counselors achieve separate status modest expansion place number counselor education institutions offering programs preparing elementary school counselors programs overlap secondary school preparation certification requirements continue exist counselors share common goals common basis occupational identity delineation distinctive qualities elementary school guidance programs functions lead recognizably separate courses experiences programs certification requirements national organization accredit institutions provide counselor preparation programs standards preparation counselors personnel services specialists evaluative criteria judging counselor education programs ensure adequate professional preparation
research brain mind function definition research data give understanding brain processes involved learning development high levels intelligence intelligence longer confined cognitive function clearly include functions brain efficient integrated intelligence defined text total integrated brain functioning includes cognition emotion intuition physical sensing idea biological differences found intelligent gifted learners speak gifted areas advanced increased brain growth growth spines increases complexity networks synaptic connections neurons division cells brain development partially manifest outstanding cognitive ability academic aptitude creative behavior leadership ability ability visual performing arts expressed depends genetic patterns anatomical structure individual support opportunities provided individual environment genetic endowment results opportunities environment develop genetic programs allow children enhance abilities point inhibited development level retardation growth intelligence depends interaction biological inheritance environmental opportunities inheritance high levels intelligence result dynamic interactive process advanced brain growth regardless expressed manifest effective efficient brain function
activity brain important implications learning production brain wave frequencies measurement learn variety activity levels correlated frequencies data coherence frequencies parts brain facilitating types learning houston introduced idea coherence brain waves force maximizing human energy ability focus energy entire brain seen result accelerated learning healing higher levels consciousness implications brain wave training investigated findings claims openly disputed debate centers alpha slow rhythm brain twelve cycles compared twelve twenty cycles common beta wave production claimed slowing brain waves pleasant floating consciousness similar relaxed states allow body mind integration heighten ability focus brain energy occurs slower cycles waves claimed allow deeper relaxation conducive creative thought psi abilities cycles slowest wave delta infrequently occurs barely maintains body functioning issue remains controversy due extremely complex nature brain alpha single phenomenon conglomerate equally numerous correlated characteristics dependent location form appearance movement pattern alpha wave
provocative finding anderson socially integrative behavior person tends induce socially integrative behavior says lot teachers parents techniques modeling behaviors past assumed highly creative emotionally stable mature childlike data assumption high creativity result fact relationship found denny condon gowan observes creative fund free energy result high degree psychological health addition creating conditions allowing freedom develop feeling aspect creativity set skills taught unlike rational aspect creativity set skills taught unlike rational aspect creativity area develop asking learner try consciously creative creativity respect enhanced absence trying strives succeed anxious competitive feels tune insensitive feelings confidence acceptance esteem provide basis growth area creativity creativity feeling function supports aspects rational functioning produces predictable associations add emotions original associations increase emotions inseparably involved creative activity inspiration intuition developed interesting model teaching feeling aspect creativity suggests creativity process persons limited confined known cultural space reaching limits grasp ideas concepts exist presently known
discussed intelligence interaction heredity environment uniqueness child develop high levels ability let look demands development gifted learner human develops higher levels functioning unique patterns traits emerge reason education groups gifted individuals easy task homogeneous group gifted person unique person characteristics recur groups gifted individuals individual exhibit characteristics knowledge characteristics avail attempts optimize learning environments understand demands higher levels intelligence individuals society show clearly examples characteristics resulting needs concomitant problems borrow organization developed hagen clark look closely characteristics needs gifted learners mention common problem identifying children teachers attribute high achiever certainty clear distinction instance gifted children exhibit ability generalize comfortably abstract ideas synthesize diverse relationships higher degree high achiever generally functions knowledge comprehension level learning high achievers grades accomplish lack range diversity gifted need increased opportunity frustrated complex opportunities responsive environment teacher guide chapter discussed detail responsive environment
let look briefly stages moral development identifies stage authority figures dictate child actions children follow moral rules avoid punishment children find belief reinforced regularly stage child gradually aware idea reciprocity concern rewards stages generally continue primary grades emphasis external control concrete consequences stage finds child seeking meet expectations child nice seen broader context ability situations position persons helps determine action child stage concern encompasses society law rules social system desire duty gain consideration avoidance guilt social disapproval motivate child stages bring adolescence estimates percent adult population externally controlled level development stage comes maturity internal commitment principles conscience stage responsibility rights human dignity truly understood avoidance condemnation important notice reminiscence maslow person level offers interesting conclusion resulting studies members differing cultures social classes races socioeconomic groups sexes
working area transcendence family member likely personal commitment path areas group exploration concentration exercises meditation biofeedback training family activity puts child close communication nature sailing hiking camping transcendence experience peaceful beauty nature sit quietly observe appreciate sense unity places moments bring leading children discover transcendence level joyous process beginning attitudes parent shares high level developed cognitive ability guarantee high levels affective emotional development capabilities exist opportunities develop part child experience early trait emotional growth gifted children intense sense justice unwavering idealism parent gifted child soon experience futile effort explaining injustice exists attempting convince children fair limited success adult responded try discuss person affect limited amount frustrating reasons acceptable son view sense justice tremendously valuable society beautiful motivating power humanistic action guide idealism children frustrated lose early replace cynicism sense powerless
commonly screen teacher observation selection nominated testing logically believe teacher familiar child qualified recommendation let look usual situation teacher works thirty forty children secondary level number times greater curriculum aimed norm challenge obviously brilliant performance depending child system child developed adaptive skills fit adjustment occurred grade especially gifted girls consider beliefs attitudes teacher teacher imagine gifted child study birch junior high school level found teachers choose children gifted teacher values criterion selection understandable select aspects experience valuable quiet behaved dressed youngster grades prime target teacher selection study birch found teachers identified percent children classes cognitively gifted actually missing percent children named percent actually tested high qualify percent students selected testing problem exists greater extent lower grades according jacobs effectiveness teacher identification drops percent identified junior high percent kindergarten assume highly gifted easily identified reports teacher selection percent gifted students undetected
important assess process skills observe student involvement problem solving situations individually successfully groups inquiry training sessions discussed provide group situations approximately ten students presented dissonant event verbal visual means asked inquire circumstances event discover caused results observed occur formal inquiry session chapter students begin ask questions formulate hypotheses test hypotheses evaluate ideas observation sessions teachers aware mental processes students problem solve effectiveness techniques teachers learn deal careful observation observational technique provide process assessment contrived problem group focus small group simulated plot land develop community community place live house business choice vote development community place house business satisfaction provide facilities feel welfare community rules physical materials manipulate simulated lakes trees hills houses stores roads group organize provide leadership develop group communication set limits processes observed game rich source assessing process skills gorman formats student inventories study habits skills personal profiles learning styles leadership abilities areas add significant data process assessment
recent study directed bloom found persons studied achieved exceptional accomplishment international note early instruction large part later instruction field accomplishment individualized identified differences instruction offered exceptionally accomplished found traditional schooling experience individualization defined organizing learning experiences rate content schedule experiences depth exploration students stem assessed achievement interests programs varying degrees individualization individual teacher diagnosis prescriptive instruction individualize level pace instruction addition student involved selection goals instruction personalized directed independent study needs previously mentioned provisions selection learning activities materials total individualization teacher student assess select goals learning materials activities instructional techniques cooperatively student pace level evaluate teacher consultant resource students advantage unique learning styles enhance creativity number strategies help individualize programmed learning offers students move pace skill level learning includes individual assessment students continuous feedback level programmed learning free teacher unnecessary drill allow student learn materials basic higher learning research checking procedure
early school usual physical education curriculum boring gifted youngsters body coordination pace accelerated mental development frustrating expectations performance patience required drill practice assures average youngsters adequate physical performance games competitive activities youngsters accustomed moving rapidly ideas challenges lack patience physical performance falls short standards set opportunities improvement repetitive activity choose alternatives ball monitors judges umpires seek excuses doctors problems asthma find leadership teaching roles allow cognitive ability advantage physical movement traditional competitive system creates problem opportunity structure physical education class group gifted junior high school students turned tennis track events mind body integrating activities yoga tai chi ch enthusiasm prior involvement physical education classes schools gifted children problem integrating physical mental development rich fantasy creates opportunities young gifted children physically active ability continue integrative development schools professional sports fantasy gained acceptance profitably hendricks roberts define fantasy natural ability mental imagery enhance performance personal growth point olympic ski team professional baseball football teams highly successful track field competitors psychologists instruct fantasy improving performance
important components developing intuitive ability fantasy imagery singer believes fantasy foundation serenity purpose lives plays basic role healthy development found trouble fantasy enrich lives substitute aggression problems children games lacking fantasy trouble recalling facts integrating events adolescence children dependent external environment engage antisocial delinquent aggressive acts result inability internalize humanistic attitudes adults problems increase experiences insistent physical fact environment singer alcoholism obesity drug abuse consequences impoverished easy nurture growth fantasy parents teachers read children tell stories sound effects voice enhance results making plays finishing open ended stories playing pretending games provide opportunities development children need climate encourages sharing fantasies basis books reports poems journals fantasy journeys helpful guided provide understandings subject areas factual reading high school teacher reported fantasy tool teaching history relaxing students asked imagination told taste smell hear students returned present asked write remember
limits classes schools organized subjects alleviated subjects enhanced core class organization approach secondary teachers block multiple periods flexible grouping cross subject focus utilized usual student faculty ratio maintained space provided groups separate classes meet group teachers forming instructional team remainder students schedules chosen normal scheduling procedure possibility programming secondary level independently planned group seminars type structure meeting needs gifted students secondary level teacher advisor model students allowed ask faculty member serve gifted advisor sign period gifted program arrange advisor period highly individualized model gifted students directed independent study cooperatively design seminars advisor conducted student advisor regular classes small area set gifted center helps socially academically successful modification teacher acceptance plan unusually high wide choice curriculum classes college university campuses successfully secondary schools assessment placement responsibility school district student enrolled frequently overlooked programs limited offerings
beginning book emphasized important parents child book seen parents home play significant part phase child growth influence outcome educational decision firmly convinced home true cradle eminence find change begin starting place parenting tried show influences equally important account powerful effects motivation image attitudes factors find definition home parent conceiving child profoundly influences child physical emotional social intuitive cognitive abilities parent decisions actions parent makes follow directly parent society think allowing damage misuse happen highways food financial arrangements political professional institutions refuse interfere gross misuse children care children children ways increase population children potential degree designate gifted normal behaviors abilities call typical teacher home begins process human maintains supports unique essence known continually nourishing love unthinkable nurture parents grow child grows mistakes
explore areas scientific thought affect guides intellect give need dichotomies longer believe truth view operable word seen places seen minds physics believe waves particles human understanding asked reconcile paths rational empirical path science path intuition imagination asked classrooms places integration polarities knowing need wrong true false free examine bigger wonderfully outrageous ideas ask entertain part idea entropy exists matter energy universe gradually reduced ultimate inert uniformity asked events reduction organization catalyst complexity increasing order belgian chemist nobel prize winner believes alive living systems periodically disrupted disharmony fall happening turbulence led transition movement higher level organization turbulence complex restructuring complex structure apparent disharmony
undoubtedly children need attitudes skills information result future studies curricula gifted special benefits special responsibilities involved obvious reasons involvement gifted education comes needs characteristics gifted interdisciplinary nature appeal children think diverse ways unusual relationships higher levels thinking meet needs children find met educational experiences challenge delving unknown areas appeal gifted ages support creative thinking exploration search higher values characteristic gifted individuals correlation needs gifted goals future studies programs significant meaningful curriculum future studies varied suggests curriculum components basic skills traditional skills skill humanistic processes cross disciplinary understandings computer language research skills anticipatory skills seeing relationships taking action evaluated data skills based cross cultural insights change skills study future include examination past emerging issues developing creative plans action concept exploration planning personal futures valuing study reported fletcher dixon curriculum organized aims areas competency developed students futures perspective involved recognition valuing interest future concern actions decisions affect individual collective futures maslow competencies involving abilities locate process evaluate information decisions solve problems systematically consider alternative futures
matter responsibility coach church league softball team girls soccer league pennant winner class champion football team ed country club swimming team basic relationships responsibilities league coaches basic concerns big league coaches helping neighborhood runners coaching olympic track team caliber talent experience training coach breadth audience vastly basic functions basic joys sorrows assignment coach biddy basketball young players care passionately class athlete coaches players level deserve coaches obligated learn players derive maximum benefit leadership opportunity member rank coaches open truly deserve join honorable association experienced dedicated women requires hard study requires strong personal commitment helping boys girls women search athletic excellence level choose play requires large share talent energy money coaching inexpensive profession costs talent energy resources needed coaching vocation individuals think want pursue book answer questions tasks opportunities times bad times coaches
male coach assume bride automatically perfect understanding coach wife important effort explain coaching profession learn ignore criticism learn live swing mood coach goes learn coach boys games profession cares stress stage evaluated contest reputation line wife understand true women coaches married woman coach problems male coach family face society expects professional women professionals produce job demands wife mother woman coach play dual role demands husband children willing job devote energies coaching male coaches women children fewer stresses children presence children home present unsolvable problems adjustments husbands women coaches adaptable ordinary husbands willing share homemaking responsibilities wives coaches face special pressures husbands coaches children coaches advantages children face disadvantages advantages coaches young observed reared children understand school competitive situations provide firm stable home children participate sport important adults sports community
high school coaches faced problem reduction number players trying team means begin look total student body potential players begin look students coming junior high middle school try convince athlete valuable experience coaches recruit school districts recruitment wears guises order avoid breaking rules instances recruitment reversed players parents seek coach role filled potential conflict recruiter zeal pursue prey lead student recruiter institution trouble deprive student education chance athletic success conflict ethical behavior greed true concern athlete business sport profit educational sport development athlete personal conflict coach face loyalty felt alma mater star player recruited coaches difficult fair college college comes effort avoid encouraging athlete direction avoid bending rules visits coach behave manner conflict arise parents players expect coaches final decisions scholarship accept athlete academically unsuccessful institution chosen coach parents athlete blame coach
coaches knowledgeable strength requirement sport able design team development programs individual program athlete aware current training methods information processed daily establishment exercise programs proper intensity duration frequency help athlete develop potential avoid injury vital participant sport coach knowledgeable area athletic trainer coaches exercise physiologist consulted females compete males general success competing sex female hold needed agility balance body coordination flexibility sports combine factors strength power endurance instances matter highly skilled bigger stronger coach consider fact factors contributing success sports balanced participants male female hazardous safety sweating major mechanism heat reduction order cooling place evaporation important electrolytes proper muscular function lost differences sweat loss concern maintaining proper body fluid electrolyte balance active extended periods high temperature conditions result athletes losing percent body weight fluids females generally sweat males estrogen inhibits sweating degree vulnerable heat stress females generally subcutaneous fat act blanket inhibiting heat diffusion
meetings begin coaching staff meeting site early check facility set promptness delay makes evident expected coaches set social stage dressing attire school coach wear grubby gray groomed increase individual confidence confidence players coach player coach community softball team role play relaxed dress introductions order business head coach introduced principle athletic director coaches elect introduce staff school coaches tell players refer assistants coach miss smith bob dr jones names nicknames avoided coaches want move informal relationship players later easy difficult move informal formal league coach problem age peers need consider title dealing children meeting conducted area special problems consider distractions extreme weather conditions sun cold wind band practice traffic admiring students litter strewn fields cheerleaders avoided distract players business hand idea arrangements alternate meeting site unforeseen incident choice unusable materials prepared ahead
body type body build contributes success specific sports activities essential factor height contribute success volleyball spiker important setter bulk asset football lineman free safety big feet help swimmer sprinter tennis players shapes sizes predominantly body build exceptions norm athletes franklin jacobs feet inches short according profiles high jumpers won gold medal pan american games leap feet height fred foot inch starting shortstop american league kansas city royals baseball team held competitors age specialization place squad wish participate sex differences apparent age children differences skill ability potential growth spurt begins society hindered skill mastery adolescence strength height differences performance differences women cultural pressures stronger sexes noted physiological psychological differences male female class athletes minimal players differ physical characteristics differ psychologically vary intelligence level rate learning emotional motivational response levels aspiration variables affect learning performance important coaches understand
basic code behavior established guide coach needs consider rules regulations degree staff players participate rules making process generally effective procedure let players assistant coaches participate fully establishing specific rules increases feeling ownership players decreases need constant supervision athletes personally committed rules willing abide coaches consider participation players setting rules regulations sign inadequacy power strength necessarily diminish player input fact increase players understand share rules development assistant coaches input important valuable enforcement task experience lead sound policy decisions role assistant coaches establishing carrying rules clear coaches need authority responsibility rules established questions answered enforceable fair exceptions follow letter spirit rule penalties full discussion questions prior start season prevent problems solving easier rule needed player team successful essential players drink smoke drugs bed hour eat foods stay places rules relevant sport individual player
concessions sporting events excellent revenue sources schools permit sport groups producing sports operate concessions events attract large numbers schools clubs organizations bid concessions schools organization interested concessions rotating basis schools assign concessions junior class profits pay prom schools concessions treated gate receipts sole property athletic department permitted coaches supervisory responsibility organize business operation careful checks balances regarding handling money control supplies ordering items sold conducted care ensure ordered sell resulting profit excess inventory universities stock variety items sell items percent profit program sales profitable generally advertisements pay printing decisions permitted operate program sales concession generally handled manner concessions athletes permitted sell programs money general athletic account assigned sport athletes sell programs case operation conducted businesslike manner teams established team leaders help ensure organization adequate coverage crowd system inventory fiscal control established workers responsible concessions accurate accounting system profits realized
safety protective considerations addition required rules sport safety athletes ensured purchasing uniforms help avoid injuries provide protection environmental conditions volleyball players protect lower arms wearing jerseys protect knees wearing knee pads softball players prevent leg abrasions wearing pants shorts wearing sliding pads shoes serve protective functions bought stockings help protect lower legs player reasonably protected injury uniform shoes fit comfortably perform considerations climate major consideration buying equipment uniforms footwear purchase game practice uniforms shoes warmups foul weather gear based weather conditions squad practice compete temperature influence type style amount equipment uniforms needed area athletes play high temperatures uniforms allow dissipation body heat problem sports football heavy protective apparel tends hold body heat cold presents problems uniquely heat uniforms player warm light allow dissipation perspiration permit freedom movement maximum performance major problem athletes performing cold temperature chilling occur perspiration builds body protective clothing moisture evaporate athlete slows football player goes bench cool chill individual
coaches concerned athletes academic standing attempt provide educationally sound schedule contests scheduled prevent athlete absent classes absolutely contest times conflict exam periods standardized test days academic activities extent distance road games school nights avoided result trips sleepy group players trying pay attention class number student body travel game problem multiplied faculty approve extended schedule missed classes inattentive students slight change contest played thirty minutes decrease missed class increase sleep rest trips spend night opponent area return home lesson history geography art locale affords players opportunity things athletes missed players stayed motel eaten restaurant visited capital shopped department store seen ocean high school athletes traveled farther fifty blocks home remembered athletics athletes coaches program planned interests youth sports increasingly pros coaches guard tendency forget original purpose provide opportunity player perform schedules reflect concern player conflict detracting academic
athletic event contest pre game rituals halftime entertainment vital part total show team produce shows closely coach opening whistle blows schools coaches arrange activities schools input situations coach asked advice situation coach need coordinate director game entertainment band director drill team sponsor principal concerning sequences patterns team follow coming field floor returning field house locker room coordination process help ensure events proceed smoothly end positive note ritual varies locale local customs studied final decisions contests sort ceremony traditional national anthem played flag raised school band music raises flag rotc unit scout group members local veterans organization school group local singer pleased lead singing anthem school choral group delighted asked perform public relations move give groups opportunity play roles production towns cities invocations frequently national anthem played members local ministerial association accept assignment school prefer ask student faculty member direct part program
money deposited immediately game ticket counts sales need checked insure honesty personnel prepare financial statement contest receipts general financial statement ticket program concession sales prepared monies generally account business transaction belongs coach handled efficiently immediately coach talking team managers need checking game equipment returning storage area player equipment attention players happen care coaches managers check dressing area players home uniforms laundered school coach manager responsibility taking care uniforms washed sorted hung dry equipment contest secured returned storage areas fixed equipment jumping pits uneven bars public address systems secured portable equipment chairs tables electronic systems markers lane markers stored immediately equipment left unattended found playing area surrounding area checked lost items lights turned windows rooms locked air heating units turned buildings fields secured schools custodians school staff assigned tasks assigned responsibilities coach assumes
parent clubs frequently found band producing enterprises need varies situation situation strong booster club parents club absorbed regardless organizational structure athletic program needs support team members parents parents care athletic young chaperone drive arrange transportation manage pre post game meals fry fish bake cookies raise money disinterested parents bring program knees smart coaches cultivate parents athletes encourage support players team parents clubs strong act boosters building facilities buying equipment dealing personnel matters families willing provide athletic experiences children club organizes operates objective serving needs individual sport function youth club activities recreational leagues sports activity high school youth club basketball require services parents adults schedule games provide transportation score recreational soccer league depend parents participants solicit funding business community team uniforms parents members newly formed lacrosse team high school undertake major fund raising event help defray equipment costs efforts sports clubs directed promotion enhancement athletic opportunity youth sport involvement sports activity stimulates enthusiasm sports general sports benefit efforts
contact person media consuming divert coach primary job coaching schools agencies coach deciding spared public relations function limitations actual contact reporters parties involved creating reporting sports news conform reasonable ethical standards responsible journalism requires accuracy unbiased reporting ethical coaching practices put welfare participant foremost guidelines accuracy concern standards ethical responsible behavior established reputable reporters dedicated public service inclined exploit youth athletics inflict damage athletes coaches community sake news story numerous examples reporting found contradict images sensitive reporters close scrutiny show valid reason news items reporters print media seek facts publication information permanently harmed young player coach program coaches inadvertently abet practice careless giving facts record attempting provide full information facts misinterpreted coaches primary responsibility players welfare school agency welfare protecting students players inaccurate harmful reporting protecting successful players admiring press tasks situations coaches strive fair honest protective coach hopes share news information process benefits participation full partner goal promotion team interest player interest interest
young coaches intend coaching springboard business opportunities develop management fiscal skills coach contacts business community coach lead job offers business person decide personal satisfaction secured young novice coaches greatest satisfaction participating athletics enjoyed player likely enjoy remaining athletic scene coach observed coaches obvious enjoyment high status position want share values inherent role athletics consuming provide pleasure participation pride success satisfaction job attractive aspect coaching entering coaches convinced succeed failed believe improve behavior increase skill win games rise profession confidence abilities characteristic coaches mark successful necessity ability meet challenges athletes teams community coaches basic aspect coaching attracts young certainly successful lacks drive energy assurance competition fundamental athletics coaches fierce competitors thrive competition stresses joys thrive enter field individuals enter stay coaching profession enjoy working interest coaching lifelong opportunity young watch grow develop strong mature competent women
human nature play cradle grave play children play balls rattles crayons toys school play games recess gymnasium teachers play games order learn reading writing arithmetic adults continue play games play finances playing stock market playing odds racetrack casino playing supermarket play game lotteries want easy road wealth rich quick inherently wrong playing games games play lead problems seriously damaging game play health proverb sow reap painfully comes true examples evident smoking clearly demonstrated smoking harmful health surgeon general united states determined cigarette smoking harmful health required statement printed cigarette packages advertisements cigarettes banned advertisement television americans continue smoke die lung cancer heart disease played fatal game health lost game lives play games gamble precious possession health say quit smoking need lose weight exercise continue hazardous style won happen health problems resulted playing games
past considerable overlap existed defining concepts motor fitness motor ability physical fitness attributes categories included batteries physical fitness tests national test physical fitness combines tests muscular endurance speed agility power cardiovascular endurance led confusion miseducation makeup test battery implies definition health fitness person classified physically unfit poor performance yard dash hand persons believe health fitness remaining optimum level continue high skill hitting golf ball softball shooting basketball skills physical performance capacities degenerate quickly health fitness capacities muscle strength body composition flexibility change rapidly recent national effort redefine standardize definitions tests measure health fitness produce positive health fitness styles future generations physical performance capacities related primarily athletic ability considered essential health person aspires champion athlete desirable possess research data exist athletic ability skill increases health expectancy physical performance capacity subdivided categories motor ability task specific skills motor ability innate ability perform variety human movements motor ability general trait common tests physical performance
blood vessels transport oxygen carbon dioxide nutrients blood components arteries carry blood heart veins carry blood heart capillaries small vessels connect arteries veins veins return blood heart pump inferior vena cava brings blood trunk lower parts body superior vena cava brings blood heart shoulders arms head blood returning heart low oxygen high carbon dioxide enters atrium atrium pumped ventricle ventricle blood pumped pulmonary artery lungs lungs pulmonary arteries divided small capillaries surround alveolar sac alveolus oxygen diffuses pulmonary capillaries carbon dioxide diffuses pulmonary capillaries alveoli removed lungs exhalation fresh oxygenated blood leaves lungs pulmonary vein returns heart left atrium left atrium heart blood pumped left ventricle left ventricle heart blood pumped aorta blood flows aorta large arteries branch capillaries oxygenated blood eventually reaches cell body healthy arteries elastic blood ejected heart injected aorta high pressure aorta healthy expand accept blood help push peripheral vessels fatty deposits accumulate inside larger arteries elasticity decreases diminishes capacity arteries respond properly large volumes blood
exercise meal beneficial effect preventing percentage fat blood going high removing excess fat sooner normal rest lowering amount fat eaten exercise avoiding stressful situations deal lowering risk dying cad americans release dollar worth adrenalin cent incident sticky protein involved clotting process coming form clot termed coagulation breaking deposit called reversible processes distinctive characteristics research evidence exercise increase activity remove deposits form linear relationship exercise activity hours enhanced increase rate removal minute deposits blood vessels acting prevent thrombosis vascular disease atherosclerosis collateral circulation secondary blood supply collateral circulation seen figure finger primary arteries side cross connecting collateral arteries side blood flow primary artery cut collateral arteries able supply sufficient blood area finger heart poor collateral network clot occurs primary artery unlikely sufficient collateral arteries primary artery supply blood entire area heart deprived blood determine chances surviving heart attack
hand exercise body hard rest harder exercise greater need rest allow hours workouts hard days row chronic fatigue susceptibility injury occur adequate rest activity program consist basic parts warm actual activity cool warm consist minutes stretching exercises calisthenics joints muscles body moved increase muscle body temperature degrees increase skeletal muscular contraction increase circulation blood muscles general warm discussed part exercise routine consists actual activity tennis jogging swimming actual overload system primary cardiorespiratory benefits occur general warm full activity perform specific warm ups activity tennis stroke ball easily starting game activity jogging begin walking gradually pick speed jog part activity routine cool cool important research found person jogging cycling blood volume transmitted shunted legs person stops abruptly blood remain pool legs
march issue reader digest united states air force physician fitness program called aerobics shortly book aerobics published dr kenneth cooper term aerobics household words literally overnight cooper demand speaker physical education health education fitness medical associations traveled extensively presenting facts aerobics concept practical implementation powerful idea aerobics concept american looking answers questions fitness cooper aerobics program provided answers credentials medical doctor research data support concept tested thousands air force personnel system run marathons write average person understand spoke eloquently cooper updated initial book published aerobics seller cooper resigned air force established dallas tex phase operation cooper clinic medical clinic extensive medical examinations patients persons united states receive physical examinations cooper associate physicians institute primary function conduct research studies term effects regular aerobics programs health fitness persons staffed experts epidemiology exercise physiology related fields aerobics activity center health club excellent indoor outdoor facilities aerobics program cooper collaborated wife mildred write book aerobics women
food entering digestive system eventually digested absorbed blood energy excess calories absorbed cho fat protein deposited fat diet high fat calories assimilated absorbed blood assuming equal number calories ingested high fat low fat diet americans eating diet fat results calories absorbed case diet fresh fruit vegetables lean meats nutritionists advocate balanced food intake fat protein complex cho starches matter active inactive americans developed pattern eating lightly breakfast lunch gorging evening persons follow pattern tend fat higher blood cholesterol levels persons eat meals actually eat calories reason leaner lower blood cholesterol infant eats children snack proper food fruit vegetables active children lean early body conditioned function food needed body needs eliminate unneeded food larger meal eaten earlier activity occurs energy nutrients needed cells going function properly nutrients metabolism occurring unfortunate common approach weight reduction eliminate meal normal meal eating pattern short term basis
health fitness system basic qualitative quantitative movement important appearance basic satisfactory performance sports athletic activities routine daily tasks student carrying armful books campus climbing flight stairs suitcase sack groceries moving furniture room carrying baby store store shopping prevent fatigue fingers taking notes typing pushing stalled car changing tire daily routine tasks addition listed needs fitness system greatest need prevention injury low problems components health fitness system muscular strength muscular endurance flexibility muscle strength defined maximum amount force exerted resistance single maximal muscular contraction muscular endurance defined ability continue muscular contractions maximal magnitude repetition flexibility system defined capacity joints move full range motion definitions muscular strength muscular endurance similar need explanation differentiate strength muscular endurance look continuum strength end muscular endurance middle cardiorespiratory endurance end terms metabolism energy perform activity requires strength comes anaerobic metabolism resultant buildup waste products chiefly lactic acid primary reason strength event anaerobic muscle contracted force internal force pressure muscle collapses blood vessels shuts blood supply muscle
purpose isotonic conditioning program develop strength muscular endurance skeletal muscles isotonic conditioning program involves concentric eccentric muscular contractions muscle contracts movement body sit object lifting dumbbell barbell occurs basic forms isotonic conditioning calisthenics weight training calisthenics convenient require equipment contribution total muscular development minor primarily stretching flexibility warm cardiorespiratory weight training program condition specific muscle groups weights practical weights chapter specific exercises weight training convenient calisthenics complete weight training program carefully follow principles conditioning weights form barbells commercial gym devices universal gym marcy gym commercial gyms gradually replacing barbells convenience safety chapter description weight training program develop strength muscular endurance isotonic conditioning program principles conditioning jogging program necessarily develop strength muscular endurance isotonic weight training program necessarily develop cardiorespiratory fitness specific part total fitness program directed strength muscle endurance development recently authors tested fitness marathon runner amazement marathon runner push ups pull ups upper body strength muscle endurance poor
development religious sentiment represents specialized important aspect personality apparently influences health fitness status persons religion intrinsic person serves lives creeds doctrines system majority religion extrinsic benefit making friends gaining influence selling product extreme cases aspect religion important precursor cad worship involve evaluation personal style actions decisions making pleasing god worship religious experience purpose positive effects physical health reduce feeling total responsibility decisions consequences religious groups reaping positive health benefits specific styles members follow style unique smoke drink alcoholic beverages follow vegetarian diet eating meat follow general health practices strongly recommended church california large group live bronchitis emphysema expected general california population strongly related smoking coronary heart disease stroke general half disease anticipated expectancy age california california women women mormons style practices similar alcohol tobacco caffeine place stronger emphasis physical activity entire family specific dietary rules
approach study cad discriminant analysis approach select social biological factors cad incidence subjects subgroup western collaborative group study population aged free clinical cad entry follow period important social biological discriminant variables systolic blood pressure parental religious difference factor age serum cholesterol cigarette smoking father occupation coronary prone type behavior parental religious difference factor related parents belonged religious group widely divergent mother religious preference conservative important father women frequently attend religious worship conservative religious groups tend lower cad death rates discriminant analysis results social precursors standard risk factors importantly related cad incidence persons eventually exhibit cad symptoms victims marital problems unhappy experiences early childhood interpersonal relationships inability derive satisfaction social leisure activities generalized job dissatisfaction named factor dissatisfaction received attention risk factor developing cad includes things tedious feeling ill ease setting perceived lack recognition superiors feeling workers disliked indifferent dissatisfaction level education prominent trait found cad patients diagnosis traits person generally comes social history clinical interview instrument difficult obtain systematic standardized manner
extent overweight problem discussed chapters association diseases excess fat pointed misconceptions concerning ideal weight precise method evaluating body composition body fat lean body mass underwater weighing method requires expensive equipment deal subject formulas predicting specific gravity body density require measures circumference girth width calculations formulas extremely complicated require additional equipment laboratory project sum measures obtain quick accurate estimate percent fat method makes assumption approximately body fat deposited subcutaneous tissue skin due influence hormone estrogen females fat males puberty important measures person dehydrated exercise cells compressed occur repeated measures site table categories percent fat significance measure weight pounds measured socks gym clothes triceps vertical fold midway processes posterior side arm elbow straight biceps vertical fold midway elbow joint muscle
health process continuous change adaptation human cycle conception death confronted countless forces influence growth development maturity general welfare eventual decline addition genetic factors varying degrees deprivation adequacy instances excesses food medical care environmental hazards love mental stress physical activity germs fulfillment favorable unfavorable dynamic interacting hereditary personal environmental factors determine level disease person experience helpless infant growing child indestructible invincible college student maturing middle aged person terminally ill senior citizen comprehensive interactions continuous bring accomodations adaptations physical mental spiritual health disease viewed changing processes involving interactions responses cycle cradle grave health absence disease discomfort ability function effectively happily environment internal external environments changing health process continuous adaptation microbes irritants pressures problems daily challenge common physiological adaptations include constriction peripheral blood vessels prevent loss body heat shivering secretion hormone epinephrine combat cold panting pay oxygen debt exercise scarring promote healing adaptations coordinated nervous system body regulating chemicals hormones examples homeostatic mechanisms serve maintain body internal environment original constancy evenness
amniocentesis detecting sex child born close examination cells determine number chromosomes fetus dark area called barr body present female cells area exists male sex determination unborn child relative ease medical truly critical question sex child controlled conceived believe theory scientific american article manuel gordon pointed egyptian papyrus ooo predicted women manifesting greenish cast produce boys talmud forecast placing marriage bed north south axis virtually guaranteed production boys techniques sex determination perfected major biological chemical breakthroughs scientists found clear difference sperm female producing chromosome clearly larger counterpart carrying sperm clearly larger carrying sperm number techniques separate carrying female producing carrying male producing including separation electrical field electrolysis staining sperm separation combination artificial selective abortion likely procedures sex sex prediction models involve artificial widely read article choose baby sex look dr outlined operational model sex child intercourse method sperm transport uterus
forty chromosomes human soma cell twenty pairs chromosomes occasionally fewer generally unusual numbers chromosomes reveal genetically linked diseases readily phases biological development chromosomal disorders occur naturally meiosis mitosis development beneficial terms human welfare instances restorative times chromosomal disorders negative result varying abnormalities chromosomal structure occur spontaneously externally induced exposure radiation internally developed chromosomal breakage dna structure upset altered mending chromosomal exchange translocation occurs piece chromosome slides chromosome fig occasion fragments simply break lost zygotes abnormal chromosomes die spontaneously aborted occasionally survive individual profits likely suffers consequences consequences passed future generations occasionally meiosis chromosomes pair fail separate cell receives chromosomes leaving deficient called meiotic nondisjunction occur division deficient germ cell gamete mate normal partner fertilization zygote cells developed replication forty chromosomes customary forty conversely gamete mate normal resultant zygote possess forty chromosomes triple chromosome produced gamete appropriately labeled single chromosome deficient gamete called
ideas goals viewpoints actions differ held practiced conflict exists degree conflict common interrelationships surprising persons developed satisfactory dealing struggle reach goals carry ideas frequently emotions try win conflict thinking consequences considering alternatives allow parties win ways dealing conflict withdrawing avoiding handling conflict getting ignoring includes giving quickly avoid unpleasantness pretending conflict moving situation quitting breaking relationship physically moving withdrawing helpful problem important discuss disagreement withdrawing means person wins going person person listen sides conflict help settle times persons fair person helps conflict points view success method depends unbiased person conflict follow person recommends compromise finding solution person win persons disappointed satisfaction getting part wanted conflicts solutions possibilities discussed compromise
comes quitting kind smoker find easy stop going tempted start crisis physical exertion eating drinking social activity moderation serve substitutes times tension quitting smoking difficult person scores high factor craving individual overpowering desire cigarette begins build moment put dependent addicted smoker cigarette short period experience mild withdrawal symptoms nicotine fit uneasiness restlessness nervousness anxiety headache digestive disturbances impairment concentration judgment performance peculiarly dependent smoker craves cigarette chain smoking increase positive feelings decrease negative feelings withdrawal essence smoker satisfies need smoke physical need nicotine contrary popular belief research suggests smoking reduce anxiety calm nerves stress smokers consume cigarettes heavily stress body nicotine nicotine deficient smokers smoke stress maintain usual nicotine level tapering likely dependent smokers cold turkey helpful smoke usual taste cigarettes spoiled isolate completely cigarettes craving giving cigarettes discomfort persons quit find easy resist return smoking agony
ambivalent drinking society thing regard beverage alcohol unfortunately highly prized actually prevent development environment conducive abnormal destructive antisocial alcohol national surveys conducted united states revealed alcohol typical behavior women abstinence heavy drinking escape purposes atypical respondents classified according amount frequency variability drinking drinkers infrequent drinkers constituted percent total population sampled proportion women drink increased significantly war ii level drinking higher younger adults women senior citizens beverage alcohol varies according position individual society proportionately lower social levels drinking behavior according surveys likely occur persons categories women fifty age higher social status professional semiprofessional technical workers management officials college graduates single residents suburban cities towns fathers foreign born parents drink approve heavy drinkers drank drinks occasion weekly drinks occasion compared drinkers sample population major demographic differences noted drinkers likely heavy drinkers ages forty forty operatives service workers completed high school finish college single divorced separated women residents largest cities religious affiliation
prevalent myths past centuries typical form courtship meeting falling love sexually married learned sex marital bed remained faithful death separated couples exactly type experience grant happens cases today key point sure common pattern majority americans evidence exists large part historical records massachusetts known church part eighteenth century women married confessed fornication minister major reason making confession woman pregnant confession marriage baby baptized girls pregnant likely confess fornication minister england custom probable pregnancy occurred engagement engagements days seldom broken akin actual marriage case clear formal marriage sexual innocence couples questionable look male picture extreme certainly history western frontier male virginity fact contrary western frontier settled largely males male dominated society heavy reliance prostitution
contraceptive methods discussed designed prevent sperm reaching ovum intrauterine devices employ principle prevent implantation fertilized ovum known exactly fertilized egg implanted uterine wall commonly suggested reasons presence iud egg moves rapidly fallopian tube mature implanted feel iud simply prevents fertilized egg wall soft shaped plastic nickel chromium alloy iuds shapes sizes plastic devices inserted forced straight line return original coil form release uterus basic types iuds popular closed devices bow hall stone ring open devices loop loop widely iud united states iuds percent effective inserted properly million women iuds primary means contraception major side effects limit iud involuntary expulsion women children uterus persistent bleeding increased menstrual flow especially months loss retrieval string device inside uterus low pain effects short term prevalent women pregnant regardless length iud removed fertility restored rates conception women device later extracted normal limits
problem inhabitants increasing population impossible separate concerns malnutrition problems environment issues discussed book problems created increased population simply stated presence increasing numbers individuals lead nature related health problems brought exposure pollutants addition environmental deterioration presence result greater problems famine sickness poor emotional adjustment adaptation greater numbers doubt part experience read book certainly learned adapt greater population reading chapter waited line hour minute ride disney spent hours driving live suburbs school classrooms forty students crowded rooms hold twenty situations cited examples ways adapted present population level concern clear answer question sustained planet earth massive deterioration quality adaptations children need future population increases realized today billion alive needing basic resources begin understand problems overpopulation population control explanation growth rate population history help clarify issue
addition heart blood vessel conditions discussed preceding chapter noncommunicable diseases challenged coping ability millions persons doubt feared diseases cancer known dreaded affliction ranks cardiovascular diseases major death americans public attitudes cancer changing talked dealt cases conquered fortunately early detection improved treatment give promise controlling eliminating cancerous conditions contribute significantly disability death modern plagues affect individual ways varying phases human cycle diverse lengths human cycle cellular growth occurs growth phase adolescence tissue repair formation scar tissue injury enlargement kidney removal diseased partner generally favorable adaptations physical condition result genetically controlled regulated cellular reproduction cells proliferate control produce mass cells serve function abnormal unwanted nonfunctional cell mass called tumor neoplasm tumor benign cell mass remains localized nonlife threatening growth growth enclosed limiting fibrous membrane removed surgery benign tumors recur unfortunately tumor cells lust exaggerated need living space invade nearby tissues interfere function nourishment neighboring organs
radiation identified carcinogenic agent proved valuable tool treating types cancer head neck cancer cancer uterine cervix breast radiation selective action cancer cells amounts radiation tolerated normal healthy cells destructive effect rapidly growing cancer cells radiation therapy successful shrinking large tumor alleviating pain caused distant metastasis sources radiation include low voltage super voltage ray machines radioactive cobalt machines treating deep seated tumors radium elements introduced directly tumors radioisotopes radioisotopes radioactive elements emit radiation introduced liquid form embedded solid needles seeds wires tissue chemotherapy chemicals drugs kill malignant cells successful treating disease acute leukemia children cancer testes prostate oat cell type lung cancer considered experimental recently chemotherapy involves fifty agents combinations drugs major class cancer chemotherapeutic agents apparently interfere cancer cell division drugs interrupt chemical processes cancer cells proven effective treating rare form uterine cancer known antibiotics successful preventing reproduction cancerous cells researchers developed theory sensitivity cancers drugs related rate tumor cells divide cancers large fraction cells dividing acute leukemia disease thought drug sensitive highly active cancer drugs act cells division cycle
popularity fast food eating relates basic american style husband wife working families fast food restaurant appetizing meal home cook food fresh tasty inexpensive kinds foods commonly sold fast food restaurants popular americans hamburgers french fries pizza chicken milk shakes cola drinks young enjoy fast food eating place socialization concept fast food merchandising expanded food service programs schools universities meals elementary secondary school children prepared fast food chain restaurants economically fast food eating big business fourth americans spend eat home billion spent fast foods estimated end half expenditures food fast food chains nutritionally fast food diet questioned typical fast food meal average american diet reasons popularity fast food meals high protein especially meat dairy products commonly found average american need concerned obtaining protein result fast foods contribute protein nutritional needs concern fast foods high protein high fat fat number calories gram carbohydrates proteins fast food meals high fat contribute additional calories increase body weight table shows percent calories fat selected fast food chain meals
environmental protection agency reports chemicals introduced environment effect chemicals individually combination today ahead called increased actions protect introduction chemicals risk health environment january federal law toxic substance control act enacted protect release dangerous chemicals environment act measures help eliminate chemicals constitute unreasonable health risk chemical compound specifically noted act chemical polychlorinated pcb early pcbs detected fish air water eggs cheese animal feeds variety dairy products observed human tissues milk nursing mothers concern attention regarding pcbs aroused chemical compounds began physically observable effects humans case compounds persist environment tragic instances food contamination occurred mid michigan chemical produced marketed fire mistakenly mixed bags magnesium oxide livestock feed additive products similar appearance result accidentally sold number farmers michigan cattle pigs poultry began exhibit physical signs contamination months food introduced milk production reduced hoofs cattle developed abnormal growths skin occurred food consumption decreased
ultimate human adaptation acceptance death termination process dying event death taboo topics investigation consideration integral parts human cycle birth death likewise death ideally awareness anticipation death help prepare individual focus set priorities living appreciate precious moment preparation death growth maturation experience living sublime realization mortality intensifies human capacity love likely focus relationships build destroy strive petty resentment argument meaningful human relationships transcend death anxieties natural fears death increased impersonal ways die today dying hospitals nursing homes majority deaths occur lonely psychologically isolated mechanical dehumanized degree despite advances modern medical care terminally ill patient divorced culture community defines seen terms heart rate pulse pulmonary function urinary output rarely feelings concerns opinions desires dying considered medical specialization offers sequential discontinuous care die true medical advocate true acknowledge reality death person infrequently accept possibility deaths result accident thought wearing dying natural age barely tolerated
change present uncertain contemplate future meeting challenges makes exciting interesting knows happen future think health medicine occurred past generation surmise medical advances place increasing attempts develop medicines medical procedures improve health care delivery system assured inevitable effect certainly positive negative effects personal health positive force receiving increased attention today concept preventive health care concept paramount thinking actions past americans crisis oriented regard health traditionally medical care sought person ill possibility sickness imminent realized costs range health problems reduced eliminated ongoing preventive measures protect personal health thought role personal styles play emphasis directed preventive health care hoped individual evaluate patterns adjustments contribute quality optimal wellness adjustments mean eating differently present giving habit hard break certainly harmful health smoking active physical sense walking riding bicycle jogging yearly physical examination
studies throw light attitudes part helping person relationship growth promoting growth inhibiting let look careful study parent child relationships ago baldwin institute interesting evidence clusters parental attitudes children democratic growth facilitating children parents warm equalitarian attitudes showed accelerated intellectual development increasing iq originality emotional security control excitability children types homes slow initially social development reached school age popular friendly non aggressive leaders parents attitudes classed actively children show slightly decelerated intellectual development poor abilities possess lack originality emotionally unstable rebellious aggressive quarrelsome children parents attitude tend respects fall extremes sure findings surprise related child development suggest apply relationships counselor physician administrator warmly emotional expressive respectful individuality exhibits non possessive caring facilitates realization parent attitudes let turn careful study area investigated degree success achieved young resident physicians working schizophrenic patients psychiatric ward
putting strange form helping relationship sensitively aware feelings likelihood form helping relationship sense permit show person difficult task fully achieve realize task rewarding helped find wrong interpersonal relationships snarled put constructive track meant facilitate personal growth relation grow painful enriching question let experience positive attitudes person attitudes warmth caring liking interest respect easy find feel amount fear feelings afraid let freely experience positive feelings trapped lead demands disappointed trust outcomes fear reaction tend build distance professional attitude impersonal relationship feel strongly important reasons professionalization field helps distance clinical areas develop elaborate diagnostic formulations seeing person object
original formulation hypotheses studies helping professions seminar listed thought discriminate effective ineffective helpers connection methods carry tasks hypotheses subject test earlier experiments problem interest hypotheses helper frame reference perceptions perception purposes later postponed research question thinking question methods led directions recalled earlier discussion review literature shown disappointing results respect distinguishing effective ineffective helpers basis methods early thinking matter find clear cut differences effective ineffective helpers looked methods se ways perceiving methods early seminar listed eleven examination consequence later studies problem follows instrument concept effective operation helping professions valid search methods doomed begins helpers persons unique hope finding common uniqueness definition hopeless search occurred question methods helping professions matter adopting method question helper discovering method say crucial question method fit method appropriateness helper purposes subjects situation
theory valuable working hypotheses nature fact theory serve framework basic philosophy thanks writing research theorists valuable insights nature individuals perceptions needs goals emerging evidence murphy supports commonsense notion behavior determined individual subjective perceptions situation situation indispensable construct phenomenological central phenomenological awareness beliefs opinions attitudes individual holds called concept concept related facets esteem enhancement consistency provide rich hypotheses researchers valuable guides helping professions combs helping relationships pointed importance warm accepting environment person treated respect dignity warmth care shown individual helped needs accept mutual responsibility helping relationship finally research theorists demonstrated professional helper feels client student outcome interaction specific technique combs benton usher sum theory heuristic guidelines fulfill professional responsibilities counseling therapy teaching research hand theory difficulty comes question change concept perception bit behavior
criterion demands testable system perceptual psychology answer yes place deal research originating orthodox traditions lends perceptual orientation true directly reinterpretation objectively obtained results dr able quote sources position call references perceptual psychology need rely solely researches carried orthodox traditions rapidly developing methodology internal frame reference study behavior difficult problem posed external tradition subject matter lie inside methods simple direct external tradition fact orthodox psychologists uneasy call subjective methods gathering data return introspection psychology rejected fifty ago matter fact introspection acceptable perceptual psychology orthodox approaches impression methods acceptable perceptual research arise sources comes part traditional definition perception mediating process individual able give report call introspective methods seen earlier paper definition perception employed perceptual psychology relates aspects meaning subject divulge demand misconception compounded unhappy fact number current researchers naively accepted introspective reports acceptable data psychological research primary method perceptual psychology introspection inference highly respectable scientific technique subjected rigorous control
perceptual psychology eliminates choice free hand creative individual behavior unique personal expression satisfy rigorous requirements science needs humanist movement deterministic psychology creative dynamic human closing ask search psychology expression humanism eclectic works certainly worker humanistic psychology needs frame reference eclectic approach works acceptable individual responsible persons engaged professional special virtue position persons responsibility behave haphazard manner predictable process calls clearest consistent theoretical position light current knowledge serve frame reference selecting action theory provide guidelines frames reference looking human behavior approach problem externally point view observer internally point view humanist movement began largely found external approach inadequate deal problems believe psychology drifting internal frame reference generation consciously unconsciously students moving varying rates speed transition degree
base human ethics developed true logical grounds advantage basis scratch scratch attempts explain existing systems ethics create basis enlightened interest psychologically unrealistic society survive receive members sacrifices lives compensate material sense system ethics based pro quo command degree sacrifice required secured societies sacrifice manifestation identification love faith important lives growing feeling psychologists acceptance accept love rogers concluded basis clinical experience research person feels threatened preoccupied necessity defending sympathy give murphy believes love love accept degree attain brotherhood unknown professor emerson looking problem background millions biological development sees goal assured psychological point view impossible certainly averse identifying tends identify completely comparatively small groups clearly perceive group greatest obstacle universal brotherhood present unregenerate selfishness individualism
experiences coping mastery contribute essentially setting child personality murphy showed extensive observations creatively coping individual distinguished difference pronounced jackson studies distinctive characteristics goals known studies creative versus highly intelligent non creative high school students pains establish relevant variables subjects behavior findings show creative high achievement non creative type motivational patterns non creative moving conventional standards conforming expected show dependency relationships environment creative group hand move models provided teachers seek careers conform expected show independence relationships environment related results regarding social moral orientation groups groups participate activities expected approved social order adaptive non creative group tends calls socially adjusted insiders prefer social interaction individual achievements seek experiences immediately enjoyable promise remote gratification find satisfaction experiencing asserting autonomy willing sacrifice moral commitment interest interpersonal harmony highly creative show reverse trends tend outsiders stand highly moral principles
problem integration entails factor direction purpose meaning integrate view goals mind goals closer farther shortsighted seen big perspective influence individual organizes behavior integrative process person wants undoubtedly range plan concrete answers variety determining factors absorbed integrated specific specific goals purposes result form study scientists study development personalities forty scientists examined means tests interviews says early determining factors show variety common excellent intellectual abilities lead early concentration intellectual interests turn families adolescence starting college independence factor found creative abilities earlier studies apparent scientists show states summarizing findings diversity sources fed investment intellectual goals extraordinary degree identified related creative research research appears creative person finds easier set direction goals goals lead creative person natural transcend maslow considers specifically human accomplishment increasingly evident transcending goal person feels meaningful pointed
comprehensive studies concept ability school success associates considered part earlier associates conducted study relation concept academic ability school achievement students school class seventh twelfth grades major purpose study determine improved concept results expectations evaluations held significant perceived students erickson joiner conclude hypothesis students perceptions evaluations academic ability teachers parents friends concepts academic ability confirmed unavoidable conclusion teacher attitudes opinions regarding students significant influence success school words teacher believes students achieve students successful teacher believes students achieve influences performance negatively fulfilling prophecy illuminated research rosenthal jacobson basic hypothesis rosenthal jacobson research students expected test hypothesis researchers conducted experiment public elementary school students elementary school teachers told basis ability tests administered previous spring approximately students expected evidence significant increases mental ability teachers names high potential students fact names chosen random experimenters intelligence tests measures administered months later identified potential tended score significantly higher children identified
view complete objectivity meanings assign things events products past experience processes view seen teachers need minimize bias understand process observation observing person begin appearance aware clothes wears wears consider height weight posture grooming general cleanliness note physical problems apparent health account behavior speech movements facial expressions manner habits reactions alert fleeting clues tell relates peer group adults taking account things seeks things avoids reacts success failure approval disapproval ways spends spare observations gather raw material draw inferences mind perceptions appearance behavior important understanding appearance behavior student seriously negative concept look fine structure observations student respond stimuli presented structured interviews simple projective techniques structured interview questions carefully organized open ended deal student hopes fears likes dislikes family school posed atmosphere acceptance permissiveness sacks number tips techniques involved structured interviews
therapists opportunity project personal attitudes marital problems due marriage counselors believe difficulties solved school marriage counseling examples therapist convert defeat pity believes privately vale tears human beings generally don want achieved hoped patient let adjust truth justice love prevail hand find therapist believes grand glorious therapist problems unnecessarily smile cheerful em attitude hearty reassuring clap solve difficulties type marriage counselor believes unhappy cantankerous husband change night wife apple pie marriage counselors believe answer sick marriage inescapably divorce believe reconciliation likely projecting personal marital attitudes kind therapist says marriage reaches point person kind spouse divorce answer type therapist incapable taking objective view marriage insist reconciliation marriages obviously distorting personalities participants therapists believe technically satisfactory sexual intercourse cure emotional problems patients opportunities satisfactory sexual intercourse share point view patient therapist agreement attitude
ability lost present sine qua non kind prerequisites realm ability timeless selfless space society history begun strongly phenomenon diluted secular frequent version mystical experience huxley called perennial philosophy cultures eras takes coloration essence recognizable loss ego transcendence fusion reality observed matter hand say oneness integration sort nonself universally reported seeing hidden truth revelation strict sense stripping veils finally experience experienced bliss ecstasy rapture exaltation wonder shaking experience considered superhuman supernatural greater grander conceivable human attributed sources revelations serve basis sole basis revealed religions remarkable experiences brought realm human experience cognition
recognize meaning character striving alive happily engaged pursuit goal freedom goal freedom freedom mean nation incredible wealth apparent need redefinition freedom translatable action crisis applicable times peace security stated fundamental belief democracy terms free find ways free full belly problems pressures free pleases things achieved vegetable free need freedom ultimate human freedom mean achieve fullest fulfillment potentialities question number psychologists sociologists educators asking generation mean fully functioning person operating highest peak potentialities mean realizing truly adequate person fullest sense word hard overestimate importance search decide fully functioning human automatically goal engaged helping relationships kinds trying produce produce public schools exist descriptions provide criteria terms measure success failure result thinking study scholars researchers picture begins unfold begin inkling fully functioning person average describing wants average
person feel destroys feelings trust differences respected encouraged merely tolerated earl kelley told goal education increasing uniqueness increasing likeness flowering individuality seek production automatons means differences kinds encouraged appreciated valued segregation socially undesirable diminishing need remind segregation thousand bases segregation white negro equally segregation basis age social status athletic prowess dress language religion kind openness seek free personality requires trust means need change situations find teaching impression student answers worth lie believe recognize important answers individual show behavior classroom place children explore believe think think believe hold true human behavior product beliefs values convictions values larger larger part educational experience grip concept teaching worships objectivity objectivity sure objectivity requires looking events cold dispassionate regard
sexual issues involved stage lives interaction family lives play entertainment friendships influenced extent fact sexual beings variety ways sexuality impact lives illustrated examples totally demonstrates importance sexual issues everyday sally dave seeing met party sally dorm beginning semester suburb nearby city knew vaguely high school dated showed interest days sophomore college found attractive spent deal ways begun talk terms commitment increasing involvement relationship experienced parallel increase physical feelings recently petting activities intense sexual intercourse logical step step minds constantly sally dave mild ethical feelings promiscuous sexual intercourse believe sex acceptable feel deeply likely continuing relationship fact point engaged sexual relationship excited possibility fearful unsure anxious happen function sexual role
number ways sex researchers collect information human sexuality ask individuals sexual attitudes behaviors interviews questionnaires rely observation sexual activity sex differences behavior naturalistic laboratory settings study specific individuals depth case study approach interview technique famous sexual research alfred late interviewed thousands subjects obtain information sexual attitudes beliefs behavior box outcome interviews landmark works sexual behavior human male sexual behavior human female books formed foundation modern study sexuality interviews subjects asked respond series questions posed interviewer responses written taped later scrutiny interviewers flexibility questioning process develop expand points raised subject return comments earlier interview interview rich varied source information problems interviews interviewer bias subject bias interviewer subject interaction problems affect research let hypothetical interview research suppose professor wants characterize sexual activities college students curiosity motivated perception parents think college environment fosters sexual activity professor decides interview college students sexual behavior attitudes determine parental views accurate
worlds scientist study behavior member population general predictions population cost sheer number individuals contained population impossible result researchers select small number individuals population study process called subject sampling valid sample truly representative population studied sample biased predictions generalized sample larger population redbook survey respondents representative readers magazine representative women america basic problems sampling give rise biases procedures identify representative subjects scientists majority sample subjects agree participate study demonstrate problems let hypothetical suppose professor interested describing sexual practices college students decides interview students large university teaches thing mind sexual activities college students representative activities young teenagers middle aged adults married couples students small colleges professor select sample students interview students campus students enrolled courses human sexuality prove eager attentive subjects students taking course sexuality sexual propensities students taking course
beginning phase estrogen levels low hypothalamus responds low levels releasing travels pituitary stimulates production fsh fsh turn travels ovary stimulates growth numerous follicles lh secreted basal amounts pituitary turn stimulates follicle produce estrogen follicle potential ovum egg uneven growth follicle mature rapidly destined follicle cycle regress deteriorate designated follicle develops moves close surface ovary begins produce high levels estrogen increase estrogen production main effects high levels estrogen inhibit production fsh pituitary negative feedback loop decline fsh leads total deterioration remaining follicles high levels estrogen stimulate endometrium uterus grow thicken establish glands secrete substances nourish developing organism peak estrogen levels reached days prior ovulation phase follicle ruptures releases egg journey fallopian tube massive hormonal trigger ovulation contrast typical effect hormones hypothalamus pituitary high levels estrogen produce positive effect massive surge lh production pituitary dramatic increase lh secretion appears trigger ovulation monroe estrogen effect hypothalamus pituitary mid cycle exerts positive influence
average length pregnancy conception birth approximately months days weeks referred gestation probable date birth estimated adding days menstrual period mothers attest estimates inaccurate normal conditions pregnancy longer expected foreshortened days weeks expect regular woman menstrual cycle accurate estimate pregnancy divided periods trimesters lasting months dramatic demarcation dividing periods sufficient distinction women suspect pregnant pregnancy actually confirmed medical tests inkling based typical signs pregnancy soon conception common sign missed menstrual period blood uterine lining ordinarily shed egg fertilized remains provide nourishment developing embryo missed period indicative pregnancy pregnancy common reason missed period women ages addition women generally experience enlargement tenderness breasts darkening pigmented area nipples frequent urination morning sickness uncomfortable signs morning sickness nausea occurs percent pregnant women actually morning sickness felt related empty stomach feelings nausea noticed weeks menstrual period subside eighth twelfth weeks
stereotypical scenario hospital childbirth mother begins feel labor pains anxious husband rushes hospital delivery room hours pacing waiting room proud father greeted news bouncing boy girl mother child fine basic series events remained unchanged past decades hospital equipment increasingly sophisticated mother anesthetics physiological functioning monitored fetus vital signs detected elaborate equipment delivery performed brightly lit highly impersonal hospital setting delivery infant quickly tested normal signs carried nursery mother recovery room recently standard approach delivery remained unquestioned recent couples challenge traditional scenario complain impersonality hospital delivery unnecessary procedures registered nurse pointed cast woman tears hospital case bleeds give intravenous solution labor case need don feed august hospitals delivery geared comfort needs hospital staff mother infant disturbs parents prefer father present delivery minimum medical intervention baby allowed remain delivery
concern genital stimulation infancy called masturbation early genital stimulation resembles spontaneous play activity baby direct part body fingers toes implied masturbation clear stimulation erotic implication infants adults spitz suggested stimulation termed genital play masturbation argued occurrence orgasm month babies proves stimulation purposefully directed erotic infant erotic contact rare infants easily presence tend interact age children begin exchange hugs kisses touches infants tell reproduction intercourse fairly safe assume ignorant areas male female infants overwhelming similarities differences discerned shortly birth males tend slightly longer heavier females stronger mature muscular development snow girls hand physically developed birth vulnerable disease malnutrition hereditary defects contrary popular opinion evidence suggest male infants active female infants solitary play patterns vary function sex
jealousy telling description elusive emotion offered judith book yes married matter perfect practically perfect wife watch woman woman according definition able charm husband amuse husband occupy wholehearted interest seconds straight jealousy feeling hurt anxiety accompanies real imagined involvement partner produces jealous feelings fear abandoned blow esteem threat keeping piece personal property feeling battered pride social psychologists interested determining jealousy interested discovering likely jealous respond jealousy sex differences jealous behavior problems psychologists encounter trying study jealousy designing research difficult say unethical try induce jealousy experimental setting difficult field look jealous observe result studies based questionnaires designed specifically experiences jealousy attitudes emotion current jealousy research based questionnaires mind reports subject amount unreliability deny jealous reasons respond think supposed respond record true feelings reports continue main source information jealousy
prior known physiological responses occur sexual acts research effort directed studying sexual behavior animals gathering data sexual attitudes practices questionnaires direct study sex acts considered taboo alfred merely reported verbal statements sexual attitudes practices subjected deal persecution situation changed dramatically publication william masters virginia johnson human sexual response book research behavioral physiological sexual arousal orgasm book profound impact field data women observed approximately occurrences sexual intercourse masters began ground breaking human sexual behavior interviewing male female prostitutes provided extensive information techniques maintaining increasing sexual arousal masters established laboratory observing recording sexual behavior rooms lab equipped windows variety recording instruments electrocardiograph machine measure heart rate sexual intercourse machine measured muscular contractions parts body intercourse ph meter monitored acidity vagina masters decided rely prostitutes physiological research normalcy sexual arousal responsiveness questionable pelvic disorders typically chronic pelvic congestion repeated arousal orgasm affect results masters recruited subjects medical school university community placing local advertisements putting bulletin board notices word mouth
definition homosexuality refer psychological orientation overt sexual behavior components present add adult exclude sex attachments sexual experimentation commonly occur adolescents labels confused homosexuality individuals feel opposite gender biological sex feel put wrong body seek change opposite sex seek sex change surgery realize goal biological male feel woman wants function biological female attracted sexually consider homosexual heterosexual woman derive sexual pleasure dressing clothing opposite sex necessarily prefer sex partners sexual experiences variations discussed detail later chapters homosexuality occur cultures occur animals questions passing interest behavior unnatural forcefully nature answers trying understand naturalness homosexuality ford beach directly explored question homosexuality occurs large number human social groups societies obtain data percent showed evidence homosexual activity types degrees societies socially acceptable role homosexual behavior specific periods remaining societies show type homosexuality
debate etiology homosexuality tends reinforce view homosexuality illness idea considered radical move proposed prior homosexuality considered sin psychiatric illness supposedly took person lessened sense blame guilt ill implied person changed normal homosexuality symptom emotional illness therapies change behavior therapists report homosexual clients showed emotional disturbance success rates changing heterosexuals dismally low recent hormone treatments psychoanalysis aversion therapy electric shock tried success suggested homosexuality caused psychiatric illness homosexual produce psychiatric illness stresses strains trying live homosexual rejecting society create psychological casualties answer question yes general finding studies homosexuals show maladjustment heterosexuals average increase variability adjustment homosexual groups hooker bell weinberg robinson means heterosexuals worse contemporary mental health profession response findings suggest movement illness model approach homosexual behavior national institute mental health american psychiatric association removed label homosexuality formal listings psychiatric disorders apa homosexuality necessarily constitute psychiatric disorder
normal comes sexual problems marriage couple expect sex free dysfunctions difficulties tell sexual problems acceptable range researchers university pittsburgh western psychiatric institution concerned question establishing baseline data dysfunctions normal couples studies sexual dysfunction based data individuals sought professional help sexual marital difficulties wanted determine prevalence sexual problems couples believed marriages working felt need marital counseling sex therapy researchers gathered data administering page marriage questionnaire couples predominantly white middle class educated frank anderson rubinstein questionnaire dealt aspects marriage sexual relations constituted portion questions results percent couples reported marital sexual relations happy satisfying reported high frequencies sexual problems percent reported erectile dysfunction striking percent women reported arousal difficulties researchers noted discrepancy frequencies reported dysfunctions women represent real difference artifact wives greater willingness admit problems fact difference explained combination women experiencing greater dysfunction willing admit major differences wives saw husbands dysfunctions husbands reports husbands tended underestimate dysfunctions wives
sexual intercourse married couple top position sexual act illegal jurisdiction united states effect law breaker literal interpretations laws governing sexual behavior subject fines imprisonment part sexual offenses consenting adults rarely prosecuted existence statutes enforced makes clear society feels justified compelled control sexual behavior laws american sex laws restrictive noted chap religious systems advocating christian moral codes increasingly concerned sexual behavior religious tenets expressed bible church writings basis laws western societies despite sex negative attitudes found christian tradition early laws overly restrictive sexual practices concerned control antireligious behavior took puritans translate moral codes sexual activities legal codes puritans strict lives general sexual lives church elders civil authority early american colonies included religious rules sexual behavior civil codes legal constraints puritan laws exert strong influence american legal system occurred legal reforms continually called difficult elected lawmakers liberal stand area morality legality inextricably intertwined chapter examine types laws types sexual behavior books
supreme court added level confusion legal morass decision case miller california decision revised federal guidelines roth decision effect moved judgment obscene local communities court roth definition obscenity makes prosecution likely puts burden proof intent shoulders defendant move seen swing conservative restrictive controls fact increase prosecutions obscenity decade obvious united states struggling problems defining managing sexual materials recent laws inadequate responding needs society communities vary greatly approach problem nationally distributed magazines likely prosecuted local areas restrictive definitions obscenity attempt find general standard reduce discrepancies present confusion reigns basic legal arguments obscenity idea damaged result exposure obscene materials negative effect pornographic material laws protecting exposure unnecessary interfere freedoms speech press defended danger material define materials dangerous separate present danger central charges commission obscenity pornography provide answer question potential danger obscene materials
implications surveys predictions future sexual behavior continued liberalization sexual attitudes behaviors sharper rise change curve women lead narrowing differences women sexual attitudes desires activities satisfaction marriage fewer feelings constraints imposed society greater sense freedom experiment sexual sphere negative side growing trend impersonal sexual encounters women report feeling forced include intercourse early part relationships represents trend sex sake deep relationships trend viewed mixed feelings looks future satisfying sex lives past present text concerned reviewing analyzing discussing contributions sciences knowledge human sexuality questions scientists exploring likely areas importance distant future conference directions sex research sponsored national institutes health major figures contemporary sex research summarized date respective areas discussed directions research rubinstein green general areas discussed ethics likely subject matter future research regard ethics participants noted studying sexual behavior continues sensitive research area general public concerned
idea childhood distinct phase preceding adult inextricably interwoven modern concepts universal education small nuclear family mother father children extended family earlier eras late eighteenth early nineteenth centuries heyday original industrial revolution transition explained alvin toffler shifted fields home children prepared factory young industrial system vastly ease problems industrial discipline later result central structure modern societies mass education addition free universal public education emergent society tended create smaller family units toffler writes free workers factory labor key functions family specialized institutions education child turned schools care aged turned poor houses age homes nursing homes society required mobility needed workers follow jobs place place torn migration cities battered economic storms families stripped unwanted relatives grew smaller mobile suited needs place industrialization proceeded apace cultural recognition childhood discrete phase strong social reinforcement late nineteenth century establishment child psychology scientific discipline field began called baby biographies minutely detailed accounts observant parents infants behavior bronson alcott father louisa contributed study jean piaget celebrated swiss psychologist carried tradition took collective studies children observe close range write offspring
parents justify actions reverting metaphor infinitely malleable child caught coping struggle inundated multifarious demands prefer think children endlessly flexible resilient materials expected adapt easily adult needs schedules interests perspectives expect adapt adult programs adapt child programs opposed metaphor child growing plant dangers lead romantic conception childhood free conflict fear struggle demand dangerous notion contrasting infinite malleability led nearly hallmark era hurrying specifically parental stress metaphor child raw material hurrying seen adults stress centered considerably trouble seeing complexity individual personalities stress tend shorthand symbols hard decipher longhand stress obvious easily grasped stereotypes abstractions ill symbolize health fearful intrepid courageous depressed present happy lucky imagine react john mary fred fact treating simplistic stereotypes wrapped illness fear depression
demands expectations quickly hand young patient mine illustrates hurrying arises parents children fashion father boy owned motel mother cook small restaurant motel son took trash occasionally helped making beds saturdays wanted play friends boy father insisted motel flatten cans accumulated week refuse price trash removal lower young age fourteen children working parents appreciated economic circumstances required pitch demands unreasonable proportion parents needed son boy victim hurrying sense burdened adult responsibilities expectations early begin show signs emotional stress easy working parents separate reasonable child start dinner prepare meal child room tidy house temptation pile heavy domestic burdens child strong parents stress helping parents thing taking jobs responsibilities parents treat children partners allow decision makers thing young children decide want dinner youngsters expected decide parent spend christmas easter passover
renaissance rediscovery writings ancient greece rome attitude childhood changed children began thought innocent uncorrupted individuals nurtured trained education children important concern society aware childhood experiences greatly affect adult stated fondness childhood special nature longer found expression amusement coddling psychological interest moral solicitude child longer regarded amusing need help guidance thought order correct behavior children understand middle philosophical speculations nature children common early giving approach question kind approach replaced philosophical speculation empirical efforts carefully record study behavior developing organisms attempts document observations marked beginning contemporary developmental psychology impetus efforts roots british naturalists developed methods carefully observing recording nature famous naturalist founder modern evolutionary biology charles darwin unique contribution demonstrated powerful force occur area interest occurred single lifetime began studied naturalists familiar development animal species began compare data animals observations development behavior children darwin studying son observation
cross sectional studies conducted researchers cross sectional approach investigate development independence children walked middle experiment seen interesting sight seen chairs lined large lawn spaced occupants chairs sitting fair distance sitting chairs mother fifty toddlers ages twelve sixty months front chair attended mother uninitiated looked beginning olympic event toddlers hidden observers watching youngsters windows edge lawn actually measured child travel mother results study revealed clear relationship distance child travel child age average distance travelled olds meters olds meters olds meters olds dared travel average meters found month age child likely travel meter cross sectional approach researchers independence developed children ages similar circumstances data collected short researchers wanted included age groups study question disadvantages cross sectional approach unfortunately cross sectional approach won tell individual children younger developed
recall theory system rules assumptions predict explain phenomena psychological theories predictions human behavior derived theory lead accurate predictions point applying theory yields inaccurate predictions predictions derived theory accurate theory precision seventh march total eclipse sun occurred shadow moon passed mexico proceeded atlantic coast united states swept northern atlantic fifty ago astronomers predicted eclipse occur date shadow pass exactly areas addition exact beginning end eclipse predicted twenty hours eclipse due meteorologists weather forecasters predicted clear skies rain virginia beach astronomers large research budgets author friends gambled chance seeing eclipse rain clouds piled van ride island university virginia beach eclipse spectacular occurring exactly predicted ago oddly weather virginia beach perfect sky huge blue hemispheric dome cloud guessed rained astronomers happen astronomers brilliant weather forecasters simply bright weather forecaster predict weather fifty advance july rain shower begin rocky mountain standard deposit inches salt lake city area half block east street miles west magna utah
embryo continues grow additional supporting auxiliary structures develop umbilical cord placenta maintain connection mother body embryo obtains nutrients embryo expels wastes umbilical cord consists major blood vessels pass placenta en route mother body placenta consists number semi permeable membranes allow molecules small size pass reason mother red blood cells unborn infant mix separation blood essential mother blood type embryo nutrients wastes pass placental barrier shared blood stream unnecessary period embryo spontaneous abortion rate high roughly estimated percent pregnancies end spontaneous abortion percent pregnancies create embryo genetically abnormal fourth percent actually born genetically abnormal assume high proportion abnormal embryos spontaneously aborted mother body precise data difficult collect women spontaneous abortions unaware pregnant spontaneous abortion unusually heavy flow menstruation ossification approximately weeks conception birth developing prenatal organism called fetus cellular differentiation advanced ossification begins period fetus marked continued rapid growth specialized systems emerged embryonic phase muscular nervous systems develop speed twentieth week conception mother able discern movement fetus
july louise joy brown born mrs gilbert brown bristol england birth took place general hospital manchester marked era human reproduction unlike billion human beings louise brown conceived mother body conceived inside glass dish laboratory drs edwards steptoe implanted mother womb test tube baby born india claimed january conceived edwards steptoe laboratory dr steptoe conducting clinic virginia women wish children unable achieve fertilization bodies question implications research future considerable controversy development vitro glass fertilization debate concerned dangers damaging zygote vitro fertilization risks involved possibly creating damaged deformed fetus result technique vitro fertilization application technology conception tremendous effect family social structures question kinds advances technology offer couple want children don care pregnancy unable medical reasons children woman ovum vitro fertilized sperm partner implanted womb woman carry baby term theory accomplished technology legal questions intriguing
question infants walk fifteen months maturation baby finally learned muscular course classic nature nurture dilemma tested dennis dennis investigated children hopi indians attempt find answer infants reared traditional hopi manner cradle boards bound unable move hands raise bodies roll direction figure infants removed cradle boards times mother change remained cradle boards sleeping fed hopi infants reared cradle boards parents affected western ways researchers discovered terms infant motor development difference method infants walked fifteen months age mcgraw examined kind nature nurture question studying pair twins toilet training project mcgraw attempted train child toilet extremely early age received training twenty months practice trained twin finally successful twin learned toilet age attempts experiment demonstrates children ready effective toilet training program begin words biological development sufficiently advanced impossible child exhibit muscular control practice rarely accelerate plan development
decade russian physiologist ivan pavlov reported experimental manipulation learning process investigating digestion dogs mulling observation dogs began salivate received food occur dogs led expect food associate seen dogs open cupboard food researchers prior pavlov observed phenomenon considered nuisance pavlov seriously interested learning process began investigate systematically series known experiments pavlov decided pair stimulus food elicit unlearned response salivation stimulus bell elicit salivation learning required dogs salivate meat meat referred unconditioned stimulus reflex response referred unconditioned response ur pavlov took stimulus salivation dogs ringing bell began pair systematically presentation food pavlov ring bell present food observe salivation ur bell food paired number times pavlov able salivation giving food needed ring bell bell food paired dogs began respond bell food salivated bell meaning stimulus dogs conditioned reason bell referred conditioned stimulus cs figure
technology behavior modification developed learning theory examples application technology models behavior modification technique incorporated comprehensive modification programs include instrumental learning comprehensive behavior modification program book toilet training nathan richard foxx question toilet train child kidding sympathize parents toilet training turns siege toilet training accomplished twenty hours making learning principles chapter let examine techniques toilet training program developed foxx discover techniques physical environmental aspects consideration authors recommend attempt train children younger twenty months children younger muscle development bladder bowel control learning environment created child parent distraction energies devoted learning strengthening behavior behavior developed specifically defined child chair arises lower training pants urinate defecate wipe raise training pants remove plastic pot chair empty contents toilet flush toilet return plastic pot chair
question kinds debates language theorists longest ongoing debates concerning language development involves language basically learned phenomenon species acquisition language debates interesting heated let listen evidence demonstrate humans evolved brains specifically organized acquisition language species possess brains enable learn deal learn quickly disagree language acquisition human ability human unusual circumstances acquire language walking part human development brain obviously naturally selected language survival exists ability communicate believe think re making large assumptions say language comes naturally engage naturally selected evolved language brains reading ability read couldn naturally selected printing press invented hundred ago exposed writing hundreds millions easily learn read sense vision motor tracking skills evolved reading material combine general intelligence provide ability find ballet invented refined ballet species engage ballet obviously muscles skeletal structure needed ballet evolved reasons survival benefits derived dancing
question psychologists define intelligence measure scientific interest intelligence intelligence testing traced inheritance theories sir francis galton discussed chapter galton interests marked beginning efforts measure intelligence start entire psychological testing movement differed important consideration especially galton interested positive eugenics haven isolated traits measured inferior superior mated galton hopes creation eugenics movement fulfilled interest individual differences measurement grew turn century public accept idea science measure psychological differences order distinguish superior inferior scientific efforts developed popular nonsensical theories purporting measure inherited traits theory phrenology supposed measure personality contours head notion criminal tendencies inherited directly related physical features low forehead eyes list foolish beliefs characteristics inherited nonetheless theory scientific emphasis typically nature consideration nurture efforts measure individual differences ridiculous led misconceptions public traits behaviors actually result inheritance
question iq tests predict creativity guilford colleagues guilford felt iq tests measure kind intelligence required creativity look guilford model figure operations convergent productions divergent productions guilford argues iq tests rely heavily convergent production convergent production person searches knowledge find converge correct answer divergent production person knowledge order develop solutions answers problem figure illustrates difference kinds productions guilford argued creativity relies heavily divergent productions guilford view accurate ability solutions problem ability develop correct answer store information question tests measure divergent production predict creativity number tests test michael concept ideational fluency ideational fluency refers ability develop large number ideas task ideational fluency requires divergent thinking measure ideational fluency researchers ask child common object cork shoe point things think train tractor alike children high ideational fluency produce answers differences iq tests scores fail predict creativity divergent production tests able accurate predictions
child abuse dawn creation subject public professional awareness quarter century landmark case young york girl mary ellen century ago interest welfare children increased slowly early consideration children injured caregivers rapidly deliberate term battered child syndrome order shock apathetic indifferent professionals finally federal involvement passage inadequately funded child abuse prevention treatment act efforts rise thousands publications massive intervention programs today abuse treat predict prevent starr question kinds behaviors considered child abuse accepted definition child abuse general term implies physical assault emotional sexual abuse child parent caregiver starr occasionally acts omission incorporated definition child abuse include failure parents provide child adequate food shelter safety health care acts omission classified child neglect question prevalent child abuse attempt estimate prevalence child abuse researcher polled random sample households order document incidence violence parents children parents sampled percent admitted reacted violence children manner caused injury figures extrapolated entire nation approximately million children subjected annually violence injury
question adolescence singled stress certainly stresses adolescent hard pressed say sure stresses severe encountered times poll thousand students purdue university teenagers surveyed replying question gravest problem facing american youth acne manchester hand specific stresses adolescence qualitatively stresses adulthood question kinds stresses qualitatively cognitive skills adolescent develop confronted overwhelming complexities abstract qualities suddenly simple religious values political values social concepts questions personal identity encompass endless hypothetical possibilities adolescent expected parents society draw conclusions adopt philosophy adult organize sense confusion adopt philosophy political social moral positions incorporate identity sense adulthood stability immediately adolescent culture demands adolescents handle number developmental tasks discussed sexual relationships faced social maturity dealings sexes expected masculine feminine role realized adjusted satisfaction coming terms physical development culture expects adolescents achieve emotional independence parents adults
culture youth idolized media public representation vitality health sexual uncommon report depression weeping fortieth birthday middle age rewards power money prestige apparent culture praise youth middle aged power chapter defines middle age ages forty sixty middle age defined differently groups women social class influence perception middle age blue collar workers physical required white collar jobs consider middle age begin thirty white collar workers especially pursuing executive career think middle age beginning fifty neugarten peterson measure passage careers women consider middle age children grown begin leave family neugarten course perceptions based cultural social sexual role assigned chosen individual women middle age adults acutely aware left live lived attitude grown lasted thirty replaced concern running left things want feelings lead mid crisis light desperation unsatisfactory conditions longer tolerated marriages lasted twenty suddenly dissolve careers abandoned social relationships drastically altered
aging occur change granted appears common living thing happen eat properly obtain raw materials body reach young adulthood physically stay looking feeling body twenty finally succumb disease trauma popular theory dealing issue concerns mutation mutation caused ultraviolet rays ingested inhaled chemicals heat viruses mutagens thought humans live longer mutations occur genetic codes found body cell faster repaired happens page book random letters substituted originally page longer makes sense genes cease direct raw materials eat locations pigment longer hair hair appears gray skin longer supple skin cells fail repaired parts body abandoned bit bit owing growing number scrambled codes bodies naturally selected immortality pass genes generation genes codes designed maintain body part mutations accumulating damage progressive hardening arteries caused buildup cholesterol race vital body part break interfered process called aging excitement finding living creatures genetically programmed age die
france young psychiatrist dr philippe charge notorious asylum instituted program reform based principle job asylum restore inmate functional mental health simple principle revolutionary met opposition community national government persisted later deserves credit pioneer mental health movement death psychiatric innovator emerged jean martin distinguished neurologist special interest psychosomatic diseases spent diagnosing treating patients believed suffering form paralysis epilepsy actually physically wrong labeled disorder hysteria formulated detailed clinical description distinguishing closely related symptomatic disorders pioneered hypnosis clinical tool diagnosis hysterical disorders suggesting hypnosis form artificial hysteria colleague neurologist named pierre janet discovered method treat newly diagnosed disorder hypnosis diagnostic tool working hysterical patients janet took step began hypnosis curative agent discovered trial error persons hysteria able hypnosis recall memories feelings past hypnotist helped remember buried memories person suddenly began experience rapid alleviation debilitating symptom miraculous cure janet term catharsis describe sudden freeing dammed memories laid groundwork later student revolutionize field treatment student sigmund freud
admission requirements counselor training programs vary widely depending large extent masters level doctoral level program addition evaluation past academic performance standardized test graduate record examination miller analogy test mat mandated interview faculty members required personal qualities applicant regarded important important ability perform standardized aptitude achievement tests fact considerable evidence cognitive attributes especially important developing critical counseling skills successful outcomes important basic characteristics developed excellent counseling skills programs rely counselor selection instruments standardized inventories designed measure characteristics successful training outcomes course evidence accumulated instruments reliable valid tools properly total selection process wright counselor training programs vary emphasis depth require students programs place special personal development individual emotional growth ability relate imply purpose advanced training help counselor trainee develop cognitive skills professional attitude ideal counselor training program thing help trainee develop cognitively
results tabulated analyzed interesting anomaly emerged surprise experimenters found clients greatest improvement treated untrained counselor aides order improvement clients treated experienced counselor lowest improvement treated jointly experienced counselor untrained aide explain results conclusion effectiveness counseling psychotherapy measured constructive change client functioning largely independent counselor level training theoretical orientation suggested untrained aides fared innately health professional counselors fully meant health refer counselor qualities understanding warmth important point counselor knowledge counselor training positive effect counseling outcome contrary minimize effects counseling emerge essential attitude feelings practitioner studies early investigation confirmed ways conclusion training provided individuals personalities suitable counselors perform effectively found working psychology students trained university clinic student conducted therapy successful provided genuine service community point positive results attributed careful supervision case enthusiasm novice therapists nature client sample variables parallel earlier truax lister study
moment client enters counselor office number things going counselor mind circumstances appointment arranged voluntary type compulsion required teacher court parents client client walks door body language reveal counselor face indications attitude expectations moment counselor recognizes client appointment likely nervous unsure expect throes type conflict delaney cite goals interview stimulating open honest full communication concerns needing discussed factors background related concerns working progressively deeper levels understanding respect trust helper providing view gained helping sessions identifying problem concern subsequent attention establishing gestalt counseling process parties hard understand client concerns set goals theoretically ideal times difficult implement factors seemingly extraneous open communication initial interview dealt goals counseling move forward points cultural barriers counselor client impede progress beginning include racial socioeconomic class differences
finally level satisfaction response individual derives feeling satisfaction emotional response generally pleasure zest enjoyment response difference stage precede illustrated difference reading book required reading book pleasure qualitative experience quantitative experience learning gained differs increased motivation characterize level counselor satisfaction level responds client involved client experiencing client responding requires understanding beginning assure response client responding client communicating client helped simply respond according feelings intentions lack knowledge needed response response purpose purpose extend demands moment schmidt makes point truly going difference listen feelings reinforce specific verbal statements behaviors develop strategies give clients skills counseling relationship goes discuss approach calls cognitive restructuring increasingly important guideline helping counselors decide respond clients cognitive restructuring points therapeutic technique employs change thoughts order alter emotional reactions behaviors favorable outcomes offers examples works counseling setting
social learning psychologists evolved typology conflict help counselors understand processes conflict resolution say generally conflict occurs faced choice involves pairing competing motives goals main kinds conflict situations called approach approach avoidance avoidance approach avoidance double approach avoidance dollard miller approach approach conflict occurs individual choice positive goals equally attractive enters peter choice taking honors english tactical warfare courses hour love easy kind conflict deal alternatives positive matter decision person ends wants type conflict resolved alternative positive case peter thinks realizes tactical warfare give advanced standing decides english avoidance avoidance conflict involves making choice unpleasant alternatives peter making decision annapolis mark hates fears science faced unpleasant choice selecting required science course need graduation choice chemistry biology dreads equally typical behavior type conflict situation characterized vacillation individual approaches goal nearer comes alternative stronger avoidance response mark tentatively decides chemistry looks textbook says learn stuff
counseling approaches client conducts monologue presenting counselor past history current problems perceptions feelings rational emotive therapy hand client responsible engaging ongoing dialogue therapist dialogue dynamic reactive introspective times painful provocative clients rational emotive therapy function learner educational setting ability improve contingent motivation cooperation learner role willing specifically recognize deal feelings beliefs considered logical natural discovering illogical unhealthy easy matter matter person past history ellis harper explain parents teachers early associates helped emotionally disturbed remains disturbed believes unrealistic illogical thoughts originally undisturbed sees present irrational energetically consistently connections understanding neurotic help unlikely truly curative pp rational emotive client live deal present past rational emotive counselor unequivocally directive intentionally attempts lead client healthier perspective keeping view authoritative degree authoritarian ellis unabashedly favors counselor providing high degree direction client
contemporary behavioral counseling derives system psychology called behaviorism expounded american psychologist john watson watson attempting develop called objective psychology deal observable behavior organism avoid probing considered subjectivity mental activity felt deprived psychology scientific basis considered objective observation organism valid method psychological investigation watson begins arguing dominant psychology bound philosophy religion lacking scientific integrity effective practical study goes suggest psychology truly scientific rely solely observable behavior subject matter attempt formulate systematic observation experimentation generalizations laws principles behavior watson science continues psychology puts task unravelling complex factors involved development human behavior infancy age finding laws regulation behavior help formulate laws concepts stimulus response law stimulus deduce predictable response idea stimulus linked response basic rule behavioral psychology behavioral counseling watson applied principles experimental psychology human behavior problems watson associate rosalind rayner reported clinical phobia induced methods conditioning took eleven month boy albert taught fearful white rats
benoit mayer discussed extinction classroom behavior modification technique point critical questions counselor answer deciding extinction technique reinforcers behavior extinguished known reinforcers withheld alternative behaviors identified increase negative behavior tolerated benoit mayer point important difference simply ignoring behavior extinguished extinction requires reinforcement behavior withheld suggest reinforcement specific behavior apparent surface client deriving pleasure fantasy behavior overt response answering kinds questions suggested help counselor decide extinction find alternative technique operant conditioning especially important note extinction negative behavior likely worse consider situation counselor calls child client mother office child temper tantrum course reinforce child inappropriate behavior showing behavior brings reward presence mother counselor decides extinction eliminate reinforcement child rate intensity tantrums increases child tries provoke counselor acting calling mother counselor able withstand pressure extinction successful subtle level counselor shows disgust child behavior reinforcement child continue behavior
single parent family form common today parallel situation call dual career family mother father families mother generally parent viewed responsible child care responsibility typically undertaken baby sitting help formal care assistance relatives friends siblings raspberry discussing situations children dual career families calls attention important point working parents children feel vital part general family enterprise impediments parents careers obvious children don valuable unlikely feel valuable majority individuals children obtain divorce spouse dies growing children eventually remarry created large population step children step parents greeting card companies offer birthday cards remarriage family function successfully newly formed family adjusted unit depends factors impact remarriage family regardless high expectations crisis divorce reese variables affect future important predictor remarriage success according weiss appears acceptability individuals lives prospective spouses remarriage approval spouses children support kin friends appears especially likely successful
jealousy firmly entrenched relationship vicious enemy eroding foundations trust love hold partners married couple conflict partners jealous slight opportunity resolve problem explanation rejected untrue jealousy stronger jealousy mean survive relationship part play society single greatest reason jealousy standard sexual exclusivity monogamous relationships jealousy centers belief partner sexually interested involved person specific person general belief person carrying jealousy situations partner acts accused accuser partner alternately play role typically plays role continues period couple accustomed playing type role jealousy nonsexual quality accuser feel person overstepping role providing needs accused provided relationship generally threatens weaken relationship bond jealousy smith main areas marriages heated conflict quarreling money disagreement spend money dispute priorities simply angry exchanges fact insufficient money meet couple needs
conformity tendency modify behavior order correspond group powerful influence individual behavior group situation classic study conformity reported male college students volunteered experiment visual judgment brought room students waiting participate actually confederates stooges subjects coached behave manner shown white card black line called standard line subjects asked remember experimenter removed card displayed card lines sizes drawn standard asked subject report loud judgment comparison line matched standard line stooges called report experimental subject trials picked correct line confederates previously instructed give incorrect answers twelve remaining sixteen trials answered effect creating group norm incorrect putting experimental subject pressure conform study found marked movement majority judgments subjects errors direction distorted estimates majority estimates correct despite majority pressure wide range individual differences fourth subjects remained completely independent trials ten percent majority trial tended yield majority half trials
holland theory complex sophisticated discusses diverse concepts relationship heredity environment application psychoanalytic insights vocational choice main difficulty formulation question truly confines single category basis vocational interests occupations support theory chief points extensively tested supported holland associates holland tested vocational theories findings clearcut found confirmation aspects holland typology study choice decision making college students mitchell unable confirm predictive validity parallel group students anne roe developed theory occupational choice job satisfaction based maslow ideas personality formed interacting levels needs arranged hierarchy importance order understand role occupation individual roe suggests understanding individual needs conceptual understanding individual needs builds theory vocational development framework utilizing psychoanalytic empirical methodology construction roe important insights concerns relationship individual family background upbringing later occupational situation roe deficiencies childhood suggests compensated receive sufficient praise respect parents attempt elicit job seek jobs praise respect forthcoming likewise needs unmet earlier stages development turns find gratification
course typical counseling interview vocationally oriented counseling interview counselor attempts find leisure client presently spends counselor satisfied ready superficial answers mind clients spend leisure concept leisure means conceptualize ways spending leisure merely view segments periods specific consciously aware spending specific questions counselor ask elicit full analysis leisure hobbies spend hobby watch television read friends active sports travel types questions juxtaposition examined skilled counselor reveal counselor types activities occupy bulk client free ideally interest involvement free activities extent contribute productively client pointed initial difference attitude client comes voluntary leisure counseling involuntary client found institutional settings edwards points involuntary client initially hostile initial hostility lessens tell object leisure counseling help enjoy eyes suddenly start focus
attention counseling literature identifying benefits cross cultural counseling reference minority counselor majority client jackson believes client find easier share information looked socially unacceptable censor therapist suggesting disclosure materials enhanced students rebelling establishment instance prefer minority counselor feeling counselor experience oppression qualifies acquire empathy client gardner gardner suggests majority clients prefer minority counselors dealing material embarrassing share majority counselor jackson points tendency situation perceive counselor person superhuman notwithstanding cases counselor perceived super minority case client view minority counselor capable majority counterpart owing obstacles counselor overcome net effect case positive expectation possibility minority counselors likely let secrets filter client community cited gardner positive variable cross cultural counseling authors referring part national cultures suggested cross cultural counseling learning experience valued counseling process intentional provision disclosure attitudes values intense emotional feelings help counselor client gain perspective culture frequently experienced counseling apparent foregoing generalized apply non racially identified minorities
counseling human experience human age ideologies technologies counseling profession helps maintain importance humanness counseling permits common opportunity share hopes fears important share humanity easy understand counseling valuable resource society helping solve problems overcome barriers inhibit society benefit point counseling directed concerns individuals aspects individuals problems personal responsibility solve counselors help resolution historically aspects obviously individuals able control social political cultural forces affect lives counselors muster insight capability serve change agents institutional pressures challenge counselors urged face need help accept tolerate act forces traditionally counselors helped deal concerns vocations today employers coming counselors discuss possibility creating satisfying place employees productive employer called quality movement counselors employed counsel troubled employees consult build environments sensitive needs concerned school settings secondary school level counselors traditionally helped students select educational vocational directions courses future
named frank parsons began provide counseling guidance underprivileged youth boston considered father vocational guidance vocational guidance turn springboard kinds counseling guidance schools institutions parsons techniques facilitated students study occupational opportunities providing information availability jobs entry requirements educational requirements provided framework students evaluate jobs goal process place individuals settings skills education process today parsons techniques prompted perception unskilled rural youth migrating city boston arrival experienced difficulty securing employment largely due lack skill relation employers needs involved counseling movement earliest stages leader jessie davis uncertain regarding career choice began analysis regarding aptitudes achievements interests temperament addition study occupations finally matched teaching occupation left cornell university began teaching detroit michigan later grand rapids michigan davis advocate hard honesty place development character ambition instilled values students contact sensitivity character needs students led believe feel clear direction regard choice career term calling describe attraction vocation
pressing issues facing schools human service programs america educational accountability movement started refused dissipate assumed ceased issue forgotten demand greater accountability regarding educational service dollar parents taxpayers representatives demand accountability reached proportions public education services levels face choice proving worth programs suffering reduced monetary support common means achieving accountability defining describing objectives implicit issuing educational service objectives promise attain objectives criticism regarding unsatisfactory attainment objectives dramatizes failure accountability educators service providers choose drop objectives move society apt watch carefully move improve accountability creating programs achieve positive results entire subject accountability explored detail countless volumes probability interest controversial subject increase ahead educational administrators public sector increasingly aware fact voters consumer conscious cost education services continues skyrocket inflation taking toll family budget dual conditions social influences set stage significant american education specifically regarding education hayes pointed halo faith american education tilted tarnished counselors guidance specialists educators need address concept accountability professionals accountability attempt restrict activity
kind organizational context counseling exception organizational context counseling unique special factors inherent profession counseling counselors inevitably bring personal identities philosophies perform professional roles counseling personal occupation highly interpersonal nature counselors expect higher level human interaction socially coded behavior settings basis counseling depends formation close supporting relationships counselor counseling staff addition counselors expect satisfactions set professional workers part job satisfaction comes helping person difficult period helping solve career crisis helping learn set interpersonal skills despite rewards counselors anticipate receiving traditional rewards profession salary commensurate skills safe attractive working conditions benefits program things addition rewards counselors share helping professions hazard business burnout phenomenon mentioned earlier chapter growing problem factors play organizational context counseling discussed organizational structures counseling cope problems presented expectations situations chapter explore aspects organizational structures form context counseling learn structures attempt adapt counselors counselors adapt structures
counselors important responsibility planning function link information chain constituent groups contact counselors source input provide direction planning equal importance networks counselors maintain peer professionals organizations service programs competitive humanitarian aims similar competition healthy adequate resources compete case public service sector survival programs depend heavily cooperative planning ensure resources duplication unnecessary overlap joint sharing information knowledge resources counselors professionals organizations provide program policy makers credible information cooperative planning viable activity cooperation occur levels organizational structure important service level cooperation real impact point receive benefit cooperative activity function program operation obviously responsibility counselors structural levels provide support counselors actually carry services providing services basic reason program exists counselors fulfill obligations program worth maintaining counselors recognize responsibility evaluation function professional existence depend information program evaluations reveal utility services counselors excellent position evaluated constraints considered actually service delivery professional position stipulate parameters legitimately evaluated regarding counseling program
rogers approach counseling relationship reflected optimistic view human nature counselor attributes identified sufficient counseling relationship soon considered applicable kind helping relationship regardless status participants meant teachers parents job supervisors person person relationship engender conditions trigger natural growth process ideas reinforced rogers apparent scientific findings readily received professionals rogers contributions introduced empirical approach study counseling relationship contributed recognition counseling field applications society rogers formalized notions essential conditions early researchers continued look optimum elements comprising counseling relationship rogers generated support counseling profession difficulties arose completely unraveled counseling relationship rogers believed counselor attributes basically qualities naturally obtained counselors personal growth processes thought skills learned skills notion put attributes realm scientific study identified basic attributes systematically varied scientific study tended role counselor risked jeopardizing counseling relationship essential conditions considered helping relationship obtain qualities natural growth processes left examine share
freud attempted apply processes medical model study humans thought behaved patterned methods medical research model describing personality structure developing diagnostic system resolving structural problems prevalent medical science reflected explanation basic personality structure freud viewed researcher counseling applications viewed therapeutic manipulations observations obtained inferences drawn underlying personality structure psychoanalytic approaches evolved freud initial efforts including theoretical constructs emphases contrast freud concern personality structure dynamics pervades theories freud recognized events behaviors accounted physically oriented medical explanations believed structures needed discovered physiological nature freud posited emotions disrupt normal behavior bodily processes freud needed explain mental forces emotions create disturbances person behavior physiology freud suggested personality structured separate interacting parts part called id id freud instincts support instincts serving possibly indicative basically evil nature humans energy needed activate id supplied biologically id seemingly mindless serving demands gradually brought control emerging ego essentially ego intellectual processes person consciously controls actions
gestalt counselors fantasies dreams unmet needs emerge channels blocked consciousness capitalize gestalt therapists set role playing situations order act fantasies techniques elaborated greatly central element encounter group movement techniques meant gimmicks casually experience perls specific individuals specific areas needs individualized techniques increased experiencing gestalt counselors interested increasing impact experiences perceived easily understood highlights growth pattern projected gestalt theory experience awareness anticipate move additional experiencing growth development continue stop person uncontrolled expression potential experience perceive gestalt counselors recognize interpersonal relationships highest plane person environment interact counselor interaction relationship knowledge understanding relationships gained counselor hold personal feelings confront grow experiencing need counselor careful judgmental gestalt counselors want perceive reality view external evaluation demands change counselor expect decisions change based perceived internal needs
counselor client centered approach interested phenomenological perceived view case histories accounts past important create impact present diagnostic categorizing tests minimized counselor seeks decrease impact external systems including counselor trusts able arrive decisions implement change proper directions occur counselor support relationship develops potentially close counselor needs aware resistance termination counseling undergoing important soon able perceive necessity termination view rejection occurs indication success counseling pointed chapter rogers pioneer developing research approach study counseling clinical case study method rogers opened counseling session empirical scrutiny research follow theoretical formulations notably charles truax robert centered counselor attributes skills relate counseling role counselor counseling relationship certainly deserves attention client centered research accorded addition studying importance counselor client centered researchers focused specific characteristics counseling setting specific behavioral change strategies decision making problem solving strategies impact community supports details research presented chapter
harry jane married ago small church wedding ceremony harry graduated college jane working legal secretary small university community harry took job management trainee large national retail chain ago baby girl harry jane talked family felt wait traveling save money jane pregnant unexpectedly child anyway needed cope situation jane angry bitter felt situation harry fault jane wanted return soon birth daughter angered harry past spent spend uncomfortable arguments predominant means communicating finally months ago jane felt tried hard change marriage continue harry consent appointment counselor sessions filled person telling counselor badly feelings hurt pregnancy talked demonstrated nonverbally disagreement appeared counselor listen saying problem harry jane uncommon today marriages competing conflicting goals create problems resolved relationship suffers dies problem harry jane classified interpersonal environmental
marriage jacob routine changed spent hours working running business large plumbers employed jacob son tom couple married jacob wife pleased relative lack attention husband enjoyed son sought women neighborhood companionship frequently joined church groups clubs avid reader tom received attention father included mother pastimes read stories whetted learn explore eager student hobbies reflected desire learn family member soon routine jacob main concern business family strained jacob central emotional needs wife son difficult period arose tom finished high school wanted college ability jacob secretly hoped son join business tom shown interest business large included plumbing supply house field crews family income adequate display wealth discerned family activities tom mother spent education learning pursuits jacob felt lure assured lucrative income accomplish goal bringing tom business tom college
reasons organization important counseling important affects quality counseling services subsequent effect services organizational structure policy relationship delivery quality counseling services major goal counseling system meet needs foremost minds administrators counselors alike management counselors major areas responsibility largely determine successful running program coordination services administration services public relations fiscal responsibility creative ways counselors employing organizations agencies contribute quality service delivery areas largest important area order provide boundaries large area broken external internal coordination activities external coordination refers activities counselors counseling programs cooperation systems cooperation occur rehabilitation agency high school guidance office internal coordination consists activities result interactions counselors programs counselor maintenance records required program administrators boundary distinctions formal informal channels coordination formal channels specific agreements counseling systems counselors administrators cooperate ways follow established procedures communication program agree referring clients service reduced fee
announcing professional services psychologists limit information highest relevant academic degree conferred date type certification licensure status address telephone number office hours listing type psychological services offered statements descriptive services provided evaluative quality uniqueness quotation implication claim uniqueness skills methods determined acceptable public scientific evidence announcing availability psychological services products psychologists display affiliations organization manner falsely implies sponsorship certification organization psychologists offer apa membership fellowship evidence qualification employer professional associations services fact provided responsible direct supervision continuing control organizations agencies announcements personal growth groups give clear statement purpose nature experiences provided education training experience psychologists appropriately psychologists development promotion psychological devices books products offered commercial sale effort insure announcements advertisements presented professional scientifically acceptable factually informative manner psychologists participate personal gain commercial announcements recommending general public purchase proprietary single source product service
employees organizations providing psychological services independent psychologists serving clients organizational context psychologists seek support integrity reputation proprietary rights host organization judged client interest question organization programs policies psychologists attempt effect change constructive action organization disclosing confidential information acquired professional roles pursuit research psychologists give sponsoring agencies host institutions publication channels respect opportunity giving informed consent accord individual research participants aware obligation future research workers insure host institutions adequate information research proper acknowledgement contributions publication credit assigned contributed publication proportion contribution major contributions professional character persons common project recognized joint authorship experimenter author principal contribution identified listed minor contributions professional character extensive clerical similar nonprofessional assistance minor contributions acknowledged footnotes introductory statement acknowledgement specific citations published material directly influenced research writing psychologist edits material publication publishes material originating group appearing chairperson editor contributors acknowledged named psychologist violates ethical standards psychologists hand activities attempt rectify situation
decision undertake research rest considered judgment individual psychologist contribute psychological science human welfare psychologists carry investigations respect participate concern dignity welfare planning study investigator responsibility careful evaluation ethical acceptability taking account additional principles research human beings extent appraisal weighing scientific humane values suggests compromise principle investigator incurs increasingly obligation seek ethical advice observe stringent safeguards protect rights human research participants responsibility establishment maintenance acceptable ethical practice research remains individual investigator investigator responsible ethical treatment research participants collaborators assistants students employees incur parallel obligations ethical practice requires investigator inform participant features research reasonably expected influence willingness participate explain aspects research participant inquires failure full disclosure imposes additional force investigator abiding responsibility protect welfare dignity research participant openness honesty essential characteristics relationship investigator research participant methodological requirements study necessitate concealment deception investigator required insure soon participant understanding reasons action sufficient justification procedures employed ethical practice requires investigator respect individual freedom decline participate withdraw research
asked teacher school administrator schools serve children response include comment school programs respond individual differences children enrolled thinks desirable goal school system easy goal achieving matter think elementary secondary school career undoubtedly recall examples individual differences classmates subjects differences students called differences similarly subjects enjoyed differences students called differences school responded differences grouping elementary school providing tracks secondary school fourth grade member eagles reading group buzzards math group high school academic vocational curriculum courses subjects interested arrangements adequate respond differences students students arrangements students longer learn severe difficulty learning exhibit disruptive behavior severe physical problems interfere learning exceptionally intelligent talented needs met general education program need programs designed meet needs individually special education exists provide programs special education instruction designed respond unique characteristics children needs met standard school curriculum
find disproportionately large number children minority groups programs exceptional children martin reported results study placement blacks spanish americans asian americans american indians school districts survey represented half school age population united states percent enrolled special education programs minorities study found minority children participate educable mentally retarded programs rate percent higher expected participation mentally handicapped programs percent higher special education percent higher total special education rate minority representation percent higher expected mean minority children handicapped frequently children reflection improper assessment techniques diagnoses cases actual cultural ethnic differences behavior performance expectations mentioned earlier students special education programs perform standardized tests administered language understand remember resulted federal legislation requiring tests special education placement child native language enactment legislation reflects increased emphasis twenty meeting educational needs children diverse cultural groups change brought variety factors civil rights movement johnson administration war poverty focused attention problems minorities shifting populations raised issue busing members minorities elected school boards public offices
born swiss psychologist jean piaget known theory cognitive intellectual development montessori piaget derived theory observations children core piaget theory idea children progress sequence stages cognitive development stages loosely tied chronological ages stages reached depends quality learning opportunities child environment striking features piaget method interviewing children purpose method probe mind individual child determine large numbers children standardized conditions united states piaget dismissed rigorous important today piaget highly regarded originator major theory cognitive development psychology produced decades century nursery schools child study laboratories proliferating united states clinic child development yale university begun direction arnold psychologist collected filmed observations thousands children studying films able describe behaviors young children ages appeared resulted schedules development publications believed early important biologically mentally laid foundation subsequent development ilg medical training background believed genetic endowment biological maturation responsible unfolding children early ultimate achievement iq levels
child begins learn combine words attempts simple word phrases words combined random organized manner child begun understand importance word order child begins signal relationships actions objects sentences daddy mommy eat eat cookie half child begins word combinations stage relationship single phrase child says cookie wants pointing nature relationship cookie object children combine words sorts creative ways increasing vocabulary knowledge signal relationships objects talk events experienced child learned basic meanings simple word combinations begins include crucial parts speech sentences child begins add words begins speak simple grammatically correct sentences process adding grammatical parts speech word endings continues gradually age child acquiring rules combining words sentences continuing develop vocabulary fact vocabulary development ending process age child learns words stand familiar objects actions simple events car cup milk shoe put pick bear chair look
reading soundproof room impossible hearing stop moment close eyes listen hear number simple complex sounds clock ticking bird chirping hum light heater wind rustling trees rain hitting window radio television traffic noise talking environment filled sounds accustomed part feeling annoyance participation full discuss hearing hearing disorders important understand sound physicists acoustic engineers refer aspects sound complicated ways simple description serves purposes basic parts sound system identified figure configuration called system sound created vibration object transmitter string reed column air musical instrument metal wood object human vocal folds consist highly specialized vibrating tissue vibration sound surrounding medium carry common carrying medium air water metal substances carry vibration final link sound system receive sound receiver electronic case radio tv sensitive receivers ear normal healthy human ear hear sounds remarkable range frequencies intensities
hearing problems children identified ages variety children generally referred physician otologist turn refer child finds obvious problem resolved medically surgically perform types tests determine child problem kind problem remediated true types disorders hearing disorders treated effectively discovered early fact concern child hearing born hereditary factor predisposing child hearing problem mother illness rubella meningitis concern mother drugs traumatic accident rh incompatibility hearing evaluations difficult perform young children evaluations begun early give child advantage hearing problems discovered child older parents notice child react loud sounds turn head hears voice engage vocal play delayed speech language development hearing problems identified hearing screening programs offered health departments speech hearing centers school systems attentive teachers notice child pay attention frequently asks things repeated uncover hearing problems problem discovered promptly evaluated evaluation generally medical
visually impaired children read print slower rate children read large print typically progress half rate children vision optical aids read slowly factors retard rate reading eye disorders permit reader letters reading large type slower takes longer pass eye larger letters words optical aid reduces field vision requires aid frequently moved adjusted children read large print need hold material closer eyes angles children normal vision practices harm vision discouraged help children properly children vision disorders seated close chalkboard areas visual material displayed factors influence visually impaired read considered child taught read normal instructional methods visually impaired children taught regular classroom teacher assisted special teacher setting environment technological alternatives reading methods techniques discussed called direct print reading systems involve machines illustrated figure reading machine beginning chapter optical tactile converter reads printout reproduces form print letters series small wires reader fits hand opening machine touches panel letters formed
muscular dystrophy progresses slowly early stages painless symptoms nearly unnoticeable symptoms include delayed muscle functioning difficulty walking climbing stairs abnormal gait trunk sways side side difficulty rising sitting position frequent falling difficulty running bender schumacher allen early symptom known sign practice placing hands knees thighs literally walking leg child bend upper body stomach muscles affected trouble straightening child grasp pull vertical position place hands top desk push child tiptoe symptom caused weakening muscle pulls feet level position disease stage child difficulty rising floor falls muscle degeneration calves front thigh muscles feet child sway protruding abdomen calf muscles large healthy false enlargement stage child longer walk independently gradually completely confined wheelchair muscular dystrophy reached stage age ten final stage child bedridden totally dependent cases child grows obese complicates process taking care cases muscles atrophy child thin muscles weaken contractures muscles occur result loss limb functioning
physical disabilities frequently faced architectural barriers prevent easily accessible disabilities important laws passed congress designed reduce eliminate architectural barriers illegal build facilities inaccessible handicapped federal funds pl piece legislation urban mass transportation act amended require federally supported transportation barrier free architectural transportation barriers compliance board created monitor building ensure intent legislation accessibility pl set standards specifications making facilities accessible handicapped developed american national standard institute ansi standards planners builders describe specifications parking approaches buildings entrances travel hallways elevators stairs services public telephones water fountains rest rooms hazardous places gratings alarms special rooms kitchens schoolrooms lecture halls libraries physical education facilities buildings churches restaurants stadiums resources planning facilities handicapped children published council exceptional children north carolina rehabilitation services administration mace drawings specifications section drawn sources narrative describes barriers encounter trip dentist wheelchair standards met overcome barriers discussed need travel sidewalks order building
basic objections labeling child according definition learning disability labels don define discrete groups individuals considerable overlap categories mildly handicapped children learning disabled mildly mentally retarded emotionally disturbed culturally disadvantaged evidence specific educational treatment student labeled worst children frequently categorized basis data biased tests yes law points illustrated selections literature reading disability discussion follows children reading disabilities found numbers special classes ld classes difficult estimate percentage educable mentally retarded children failed learn read garrison estimated percent students study failed meet criteria reading kirk concluded review mentally retarded children read expectancy mental age performance expectancy idea major component learning disability concept estimates percentages environmentally disadvantaged reading problems range percent disabilities neurological origin included al percent read expectations counted cohen estimates percentages emotionally disturbed children reading problems range percent stone percent found grades percent sample disturbed students remedial reading classes fell farther classmates progressed elementary grades
implicit adult judgment child behaviorally deviant assumption child actions violate standards culture subculture social standards based factors age sex role setting thumb sucking considered normal olds behavior considered deviant ten boy wears dresses makeup qualify deviant label american culture running screaming considered normal behaviors playground alarm occur church adults interpret standards apply children behavior child labeled deviant largely function adult expectations tolerance adults behavior expectations affects children identified deviant extremely active child attract undue attention teacher classroom teacher values quiet order find behavior intolerable widespread labels teachers found easy judgments confirmed mental health professionals reinforced identifying problem children getting moved classrooms special education programs element definitions behavior disorders judgment child behavior extreme sally seat peter verbal behavior repetitive bizarre behavior vary opposite extreme case child excessively isolated withdrawn child grossly deficient ability language
hypothesis behavior disorders specific derived medical model term etiology refers study diseases physician finding disease helpful curing case behavioral sciences place disordered behavior occurred child remote past makes difficult discover impossible treat behavioral disorder provide effective intervention worell nelson addition behavior result interaction multiple ross put specific behavior taking place point represents end point interaction genetic constitutional factors current physiological individual current environmental conditions past learning turn function similar interaction behavioral scientists trying understand causality studies discussion subject yielded valuable true largely limitations ways causal agents studied medical researchers isolate suspected causal agent virus bacterium inject laboratory animal observe effects keeping environmental variables constant behavioral scientist rely precise research strategies watson developed generalized conditioned fear response infant albert establishing direct effect relationship ethics kind research severely criticized today research halted insurmountable problem control environmental variables raising experimental subjects laboratory
according initial reaction parents shock frequently suspect child problem confirmed professionals parents typically period denial seek professional opinions stage hoping promising diagnosis parents lives thrown confusion turmoil deny handicap emotional effect denial form unrealistic planning child stage result number factors including cultural pressure ideal child level success expected parent parental identification handicapped child regarding child problem problem oneself denial reaction illustrated quotes section chapter interviews parents children syndrome doctor wasn fault god didn permitted brought god swear drink god permission expect alice healed progress martha making feel severely retarded outgrow condition feel moved order put school big sacrifice comparison learning think looking private school denial stage feelings guilt parents blame circumstances god effects fault finding felt physicians teachers family members community
important part program exceptional child development parent program cases parents involved school part regular parent teacher organization cases desirable establish separate groups deal needs parents exceptional children create formal programs involve parents direct instruction children regardless type program goal improve educational process involved parents teachers students administrators parent programs generally designed provide parents social emotional support talking parents similar problems professionals assistance parents learn cope feelings beginning chapter parent programs provide forum exchange information involve scheduling guest speakers maintaining lending library publishing newsletter parent programs frequently offer parents opportunity participate child programs teacher aides volunteers tutors data collectors behavior managers field trip monitors major goal parent programs improve interactions parents exceptional child parent groups help parents develop expectations children strategies communication programs developed involve parents intensively children education portage project teacher visit child home half hours week visits objectives child developed teaching strategies demonstrated parents provide child actual lessons collect information performance reviewed teacher visits shearer shearer
important considerations determining priorities objectives immediacy problem amount prior experience identified need additional reading instruction conducting parent conferences reading program progressing smoothly soon begin parent conferences top priority setting priorities determined subjectively according perception area greatest need customary think objectives including clearly defined conditions behaviors criteria mager factors crucial professional development model important need accomplish need accomplish important overlook development areas objectives difficult establish affective development experiential learning experiential development activity sitting teacher classes observing interdisciplinary meeting assign staff student activities sort provide insight personal behavior affect educational situation professional development program objectives identified priorities established identify materials needed attain objectives obvious source information including colleagues supervisors related professions university professors librarians local agencies provide information including concerned health mental health education rehabilitation welfare private agencies associations retarded citizens sheltered workshops clinics valuable sources
choosing career thoughtful undergraduate consider carefully aspects working conditions attached type employment students weighing teaching career wish profile typical teacher teacher supply demand teacher salaries academic freedom student rights tenure professional liability professional organizations educators teacher unions similarly prospective teachers deal nature school system company begin teaching chapters comprising part provide information teaching career teacher supply demand salaries legal aspects teaching teacher organizations selected professional aspects teaching hoped content assist preparation prospective teachers assist prospective teachers decide teaching career choice articles newspapers magazines professional journals focus negative aspects teaching expression teacher burnout refers thousands thoughtful dedicated teachers abandoning profession teacher burnout caused problems plague teachers violence classroom vandalism disruptive students inadequate salaries interfering parents oversized classes excessive paperwork april april issues newsweek magazine presented part special report crisis confidence american public school system public schools fail flight public education teachers trouble faith public education restored hope schools seemingly quiet positive voices speaking defense schools preponderance negative expression regarding teaching public schools print media bother consider teaching chosen profession
factors undoubtedly help account current oversupply teachers factors teachers entering job market record total numbers college graduates restricted school budgets lower birth rates account surplus lower birth rates decline school age populations figure page illustrates decline elementary school age population possibility slight increase beginning high school age population decreasing decrease projected continue number young adults continue grow decline population expected affect enrollments decade increases nursery kindergarten elementary age groups expected decreases expected secondary age groups declining enrollment brings reduced demand teachers need additional teachers continue lower pupil teacher ratios accomplished teacher turnover offset consideration related brighter prospects teacher graduates mid continuing reduction number students preparing teaching careers figure projects decline supply teacher graduates total demand additional teachers exceeding supply graduates period studies commissioner labor statistics suggest supply demand projections tenuous rapidly changing society supply demand relation likely affected unpredictable adjustments labor supply constraints lifted communities introduce expand kindergartens nursery schools curricula handicapped gifted
privilege children attend school depends compliance rules regulations school ensure orderly operation schools boards education establish reasonable rules regulations regarding control pupils conduct number instances boards actions challenged challenges concerned corporal punishment rights married students education dress codes freedom expression lopez supreme court dealt suspension high school students columbus ohio case named plaintiffs alleged suspended public high school ten days hearing action brought deprivation constitutional rights students suspended semester brought suit charging due process rights denied present board meeting suspensions handed ruling students suspended kind hearing court prospect imposing elaborate hearing requirements suspension case viewed concern school authorities prefer untrammeled power act unhampered rules notice hearing strange disciplinary system educational institution communication sought disciplinarian student effort inform let tell side story order sure injustice fairness rarely obtained secret sided determination facts decisive rights secrecy congenial truth seeking righteousness slender assurance rightness
despite change place rural america retains distinctive patterns rural schools center rural values conservative rural family tends remain cohesive unit extended family begun disappear school children travel distances school social contacts school vital urban suburban standards rural families live distances rural family distances feeling neighborliness kind close community feeling strongest rural area social structure stratified populous areas tends early returned rural living employment rural areas scarce increasing numbers urban suburban choosing live country commute employment populous geographical areas energy crisis slow emigration rural america returned rural areas generally young educated fleeing complexities metropolitan acquire believe simplicity quiet small rural areas migration viewed kind renaissance reliance confidence return healthier environment instances move caused problems rural schools values clashed rural community family living habits expectations school programs differ demand increased social services rural communities takes considerable length accepted social structure rural easily mainstream rural
native americans constitute impoverished minority united states population american indians losing lands white suffered additional loss native heritage lived largely government subsidies american indians suffer lack education special skills permit ahead technological society indian children share educational problems dropout rate high achievement level low indian children start school unable speak english indian education act amendments designed help native americans help quarter million indian school children thousand school districts receive benefits indian education act grants aimed providing bilingual enrichment activities attempt improve reading programs guidance services transportation grants try involve indian parents indian communities educational activities parts act aimed training teachers indian schools providing financial aid indian college students instituting adult indian education establishing tribal improvement projects recent steps encouraging american indian citizens beset social problems eskimo children unusual educational problems subcultures undergone dramatic short period parents recently received considerable money oil mineral rights children caught traditions educational efforts eskimo children require especially responsive schools overcome problems minority groups constitute social problem united states recent refugees
ambitious attacks war poverty title elementary secondary education act title reading program economically disadvantaged children nationally supported reading programs began funding programs increased substantially began decade federal funds economically disadvantaged students constituted percent total federal budget education higher education received larger share federal budget percent half amount higher education student assistance educational opportunity grants reagan administration title programs continue administered departments education dollar amounts reduced funds allocated block type grant basis national economy suffered recent period increased inflation number children eligible title funds increased poverty level risen due inflation compensatory reading programs provided including additional reading specialists materials cases increased teacher aides uncommon teacher pupil ratios reduced teacher pupils elementary schools teacher ten pupils secondary schools parents involved programs title programs aim continuous progress learning means child diagnosed performance level moved individually program regular program classroom special facilities reading instruction child begins read grade level maintained regular reading program classroom
legal authority operating local school systems local boards education statutes statutes prescribe specifically school board members chosen duties responsibilities office statutes terms board members procedures selecting officers board duties officers procedures filling vacancies matters local citizens serving school board members official agents ninety percent school boards united states elected popular vote members elected special nonpartisan elections percent appointed percentage appointed school boards higher school districts enrolling pupils large districts fourths board members elected york city chicago appointed school boards citizens seeking election school boards generally petition place ballot candidates meet legal requirements serve school board members follow proper petitioning procedures denied place ballot places extralegal caucus committee approves slate candidates committee comprises representatives community organizations members approved caucus committee follow procedure candidate ballot caucus process represents attempt nominate qualified candidates board membership method charged recommending persons board membership perpetuate alleged past inequities minority groups represented caucus committees caucus extralegal procedure candidate partisan ticket selected local party committee school board members elected district large wards precincts
main support schools nation provided property tax means total property school district related number pupils wealth school district school district assessed valuation million responsibility educating pupils assessed valuation pupil number pupils average daily attendance determine assessed valuation pupil property tax rates applied assessed district high assessed valuation pupil compared low assessed valuation pupil position provide quality education school district assessed valuation million pupils school district assessed valuation million pupils tax rate assessed valuation produce million education district district school district spend pupil compared pupil school district local tax effort differences exist wealth pupil school district school district concentrations industrial developments increase valuation district neighboring district completely residential low valuation pupils differences wealth concomitant differences tax rates pupil expenditures dramatically pointed priest decision supreme court california priest california supreme court called determine california public school financing system substantial dependence local property taxes violated fourteenth amendment
sharp contrast sparta athens greek city developed educational program heavily stressed intellectual aesthetic objectives ages sixteen athenian boys attended series public schools schools included school taught reading writing counting gymnastics school taught sports games music school taught history drama poetry speaking science music city states defend athenian boys received citizenship military training ages sixteen twenty athenian girls educated home aims athenian education stressed development individual aesthetics culture western philosophers athens philosophers greece produced stand socrates plato aristotle socrates left writings writings xenophon plato socrates developed method teaching known socratic method teacher ask series questions led student conclusion socratic method illustrated account conversation socrates city officials thirty tyrants put distinguished citizens death encouraged acts injustice surprise socrates keeper flock killed part part poor confess bad herdsman surprise standing head fellow citizens destroy part corrupt rest blush conduct confess bad magistrate
aware past developing philosophy foundations philosophy basic beliefs attitudes draw guide actions situations face situations modify change beliefs attitudes develop organized guidelines philosophy actions hopefully thinking teaching career developing philosophy teaching guide actions teaching situations experiences perceptions working students classroom notions presentations beliefs subject matter testing discipline school policy contribute teaching philosophy suggest teachers acquainted classical schools philosophy modern educational views addition gain daily experience advantage strong foundation build effective philosophy teaching growth comprehensive american system education parallels growth american democratic democracy depends educated citizenry functioning systems thought teachers working american democracy develop select personal philosophy education enables pupils current views education roots classical philosophies past teachers draw classical philosophies select develop personal approach teaching future teachers need study classical philosophy inquiry forces examine values assumptions attempt outline aspects known philosophical concepts inherently risks oversimplification
basic educational view principles knowledge truly perennial parent philosophy foundation educational view vested thomas aquinas stressed rational powers humans faith instruments knowledge recognized importance human daily supernatural virtues derived experience large western philosophy knowledge expanded declined rapidly difficult fit expanding knowledge confines closed system thought past decades philosophy revived heading neo growing number intellectuals adheres idea beliefs knowledge ancient cultures successfully applied lives today historically roman catholic church revival america mainly lay educators judged religious standards vast differences views lay ecclesiastical neo roman catholic educators welcomed revival scholasticism thomas aquinas share educational views lay focus learning lies activities designed discipline mind subject matter disciplinary spiritual nature mathematics languages logic books doctrines studied studying subjects disciplines mind learner assumed rational spiritual person methods teaching cut dried difficult mental calisthenics reading writing drill rote memory computations important training intellect holds learning reason important ability attained additional mental exercises grammar logic rhetoric
classroom discipline handled authoritative traditional setting teacher charge room important say regarding final voice matters student teacher relations personal criticized lacking cordiality instances teacher upheld model conduct rules regulations outline operations room implication harshness intended consistent authoritative control events conduct regarded part duties responsibility teacher contemporary classroom discipline managed function group students participate teacher formulating rules regulations govern class activities conduct student teacher relations personal cordial handling discipline teacher room student views attitudes discipline management classrooms viewed overly permissive espouse teacher control attention national media disruptive behavior classroom serves rekindle conflicting views adherents opposing philosophies regarding discipline polls parents teachers alike list discipline top issues confronting schools main source dissatisfaction nearly thirds today teachers inability manage students effectively teachers concerned effect disruptive behavior learning discipline dilemma stressing high teacher control classroom adhering open philosophy advocating teacher control precludes development school discipline policy satisfy views divided views classroom discipline resulted numerous books assist teachers discipline problems special courses workshops developed deal classroom discipline strategies
cost housing continue increase cost single family dwellings cost labor land materials young postpone buying homes choose condominium living construction future solar heat feasible houses tend large expensive heat maintain suitable want live nuclear families houses suitable intentional extended families communal living wave toffler predicts millions soon home offices factories return cottage industry electronic cottage industry functioning electronic base plausible future transition difficulties primarily problems change easy undoubtedly large share force working home reduce transportation problems reduce conventional fossil fuel energy consumption reduce pollution key question cost installing operating telecommunications equipment fall present cost commuting discussion family mentioned number significant trends trends basically nuclear family family electronic cottage wave returns home wave high variety family structures masses living uniform family arrangements moving system tracing personalized customized trajectories course lives conventional vein anticipated trends began escalate continued escalate
governed achieve peace haunting questions future kurt fourth secretary general united nations observed future earth depends largely ability develop economic social system recognizes balances rights interests aspirations peoples calls big complex problem handle global cooperation greater hitherto achieved remarks system efforts tackle basic matters poverty population food law sea international trade development monetary system conservation apportionment natural resources preservation environment slowly begun urgent challenge hughes identified tolerable believable premises global things thrust nationalism thought spent end war ii continue outrun expert expectations especially reinforced fresh passions newly independent nations force ideology guide conduct nations continue falter feeble irrelevant dilemmas distresses troubling majority peoples insistently practical universal leave place divisive role theoretical inventive designs reversing urban decay slowing population growth curbing inflationary pressures surviving energy crises infinitely varied increasingly implausible label democratic communist fascist
millions took place slowly humans recent history change accelerated degree discussed social phenomena hear live changing things planning coping change important social problems believe continue place rapidly accelerate surely reason students learn plan cope occur lifetimes question educators schools prepare students task students interviewed part national education association study harold shane conducted ninety young respondents asked thought improve schools schooling points clearly youth find frustrating distressing frightening need coping skills techniques expressed young wanted schools cared students revealed loneliness desire teachers radiated warmth genuine interest students finally students sought help communicating sought language skills opportunity talk listen communicate share feelings hopes concerns students responses provide clues kind curriculum teachers instructional strategies needed future cardinal principles education formulated arising nea study commission reorganization secondary education
prospective beginning teacher awareness importance decision enter teaching field essential reasons conscious unconscious choosing teaching career undoubtedly affect attitude behavior students eventually teacher precise analysis feelings hard beneficial discuss class ignoring negative motives denying exist feeling guilty procedure pure dedication love teaching children fables past profession imbued image schoolmarm chips reasons wanting teacher consider reasons teaching nationwide stratified sample teachers national education association listed major reasons decided enter profession main reason desire young percent respondents major reasons reason list majority teachers highest response education society percent predictably larger percentage secondary elementary school teachers drawn teaching interest subject matter field mentioned percent secondary teachers compared percent elementary teachers career choices likely related sex age level teaching elementary secondary
ask present course education teaching tragedies american higher education liberal arts science teacher education faculties traditionally able communicate effectively tolerant understanding goals courses taught teach persists today albeit overt basis colleges universities professors education prestige faculty members conflict number required educational courses faculty teach courses history education philosophy education psychology education part university charge certification continues campuses recently substantial progress achieving agreement issues twenty substantial reduction number education courses required certification decrease education courses place general specialized courses arts sciences tabulation transcripts students thirty colleges education late found percent total program secondary teachers percent elementary teachers devoted education courses required elective percentages higher attending teachers colleges percent secondary teacher education program percent elementary program allocated schools required credits education
term instructional technology large number including physical materials computers videotapes systematized intellectual resources comprehensive sets learning skills objectives national survey preservice preparation teachers examined instructional technology teacher education programs concluded kinds technologies prevalent noticeable increase utilization instructional technology occurred respect techniques analysis classroom interaction term refers variety techniques instruments systematic measurement analysis classroom interactions teachers pupils teacher trainers hope systematic analysis kind help prospective teachers learn establish maintain constructive classroom environment teachers interaction analysis techniques spread percent teacher training institutions percent type technology widely adopted teacher training programs involved utilization classification systems known analyze educational goals objectives commonly taxonomy objectives analysis cognitive affective behaviors goals developed benjamin bloom colleagues psychomotor taxonomy gaining popularity national survey found percent teacher training institutions cognitive affective taxonomy compared percent national survey found known instructional technologies widely adopted actually declined
known effort minimum competency testing teachers dallas independent school district percent candidates majority minority failed tenth grade level verbal quantitative ability tests easily question candidates score high knowledge education instruction teachers potentially practice score low difficult counteract argument teachers minimally literate reading math surprise observers aft president albert advocates tests teachers line growing concern educators regarding need greater professionalism stated examination lawyer driver license sell insurance exempting teachers requirement form support testing teachers job regard stated research tell competencies valid selection competencies required change depending political wishes financial circumstances states local school boards nea opposes testing certified teachers director instruction professional development test conceived helpful determining teachers continue teach minimum competency testing teachers topic considerably greater interest controversy
turning directly study educational pioneers important remember education united states influenced developments took place europe aspects american common school high school movements unique historical social economic political developments united states aspects development american education reveal trans atlantic influence examining educational contributions pioneers locke rousseau pestalozzi herbert spencer montessori appreciate significance influx educational theories practices differences educational methods developed major european educational theorists parallel patterns identified naturalistic educators rousseau pestalozzi spencer challenged older view child depravity passive learning dominated schooling theory child depravity held child evil birth stressed corruptive weakness corrected strong teacher authoritarian teaching methods contrast naturalistic educators believed child innately concerned examining child nature believed stages human growth development provided clues development educational method pioneering educators called naturalistic believed children learn working examining objects natural environment stress educative impact environment theme carried forward later american progressive educators john dewey george counts
kindergarten curriculum objective cultivation child development activity socialization included songs stories games gifts occupations songs stories games generally part early childhood education stimulate child imagination introduce child customs heroes ideas cultural heritage games provided cooperative activities socialized children developed physical motor skills boys girls played children part group prepared group learning activities played games developed coordination physical dexterity gifts consisted objects form fixed spheres cubes cylinders gifts designed stimulate children bring full consciousness latent concept implied object kindergarten occupations consisted materials shaped children designs construction activity clay sand cardboard mud manipulated shaped castles cities mountains activities serve learning environment garden children grow naturally correctly prepared environment kindergarten class introduction school impressions schools teachers acquired noted earlier encouraged teachers reflect early childhood experiences kind introspection understand childhood gain insights perspectives help understand young children
field disciplined inquiry specialists develop special terminology philosophy education basic terms metaphysics logic succinctly terms meanings metaphysics deals nature reality deals nature knowledge deals nature values logic deals nature reasoning metaphysics examines nature ultimate reality speculating nature reality existence developed single agreed conclusion idealists reality nonmaterial spiritual terms realists objective order exists independently humankind pragmatists reality result human experiences environment educational philosophy metaphysics relates conception reality reflected subjects experiences skills curriculum school learning represents efforts curriculum makers teachers textbook writers describe reality students subject areas social natural sciences attempt describe dimensions reality learner deals knowledge knowing closely related methods teaching learning philosophies hold conceptions idealists knowing cognition recall ideas latent mind socratic dialogue teaching method socratic method teacher stimulates student consciousness asking leading questions bring ideas hidden learner mind realists knowledge begins sensations objects
philosophical analysis language analysis newer approaches issues educational philosophy basically method examining language making statements education schooling seeking clarify establishing meaning philosophical analysis gained prominence educational philosophers believe communications educational matters grown increasingly confused obscure establish meaning philosophical analysts seek reduce statements education empirical terms participate educational discussion decision making philosophical analysis pretend creating establishing school educational philosophy understand clearly analytical view philosophy education examined reference educational philosophies treated chapter idealists realists describe philosophies terms view total philosophical system traditional educational philosophies humankind part universal system philosophical analysts reject cosmic system building purely speculative exercise real meaning educators analysts assert metaphysical basis cosmic philosophies verified human experience find expressions existentialists primarily poetic emotional existentialists expressing personal feelings analysts find sorely deficient supplying empirical data establish meaning educational issues pragmatists rely scientific method education agreeable analytical view
societies include number important institutions transmitting culture children youth historically important institutions societies church peer group school course family institutions church influential socialization modern society true past mass media emerged play major part socialization family organization varies society family major socializing agent medium transmitting culture child family young child members teach children matters realizing impact making desire achieve need popularity belief girl docile beliefs values passed parent child behaviors adults encourage discourage ways discipline child affect basic orientation values child rearing styles uniform family family single culture traditional middle class family comprised husband wife children husband father traditionally seen major provider head family wife mother seen responsible overseeing development values emotions children
aspects celebrated unnoticed important everyday occurrences routine events trivial acts repeated innumerable times neglected literature bland unnoticed teacher teachers asked define happens classrooms vague lack technical vocabulary unlike professionals describe classroom social interaction process simplify complexity classroom underlying events called justify professional decisions admit behavior based impulse feeling reflection thought likely describe behavior defend actions pointing hunches action felt thing claiming knew answer course noted intuitive hunches seasoned practical experience bases behavior actually rational reports lead believe addition events classroom occur rate interpersonal classroom hour content sequences predicted preplanned exactitude observer room separate measure short classrooms neat orderly places educational theories sound despite continuous contact children classroom teaching ways lonely profession
student protest occurred school regulations dealing dress grooming smoking grades examinations assembly programs censorship school newspapers need relevant curriculum dissatisfaction school personnel disruptions summed desire greater student voice rule making student power students contended lack communication students school authorities major student activism percent believed disruptions effective tactic bringing change nationwide basis harris poll schools revealed percent students unhappy limited part school decisions percent wanted greater decision making powers conflict arose pointed percent parents percent teachers believed students participate decision making survey high schools thirty states revealed percent students believed schools unsatisfactory overwhelmingly students maintained courses irrelevant teachers incompetent stress grades school boring themes frustration estrangement powerlessness injustice evoked sympathetic responses students feelings conjunction vietnam war left residue resentment hostility high school youth description forms reasons protest course exhaust list suggest student protest limited issues difference opinion school clients function responsibilities schools
prior twentieth century subject matter organized presented mere accounting information improvements largely broad framework existing subjects improve reasoning mental faculties believed strengthening mind enhanced mental exercises body strengthened exercising social psychological concerns learner largely traditional subjects latin geometry valued cultivation intellect difficult subject student exercise mind greater subject critic doctrine provided outline decades mental discipline produced twelve grade scheme housing children ages eighteen divided elementary secondary grades public secondary instruction accepted american doctrine organized dozen school subjects based essentially reading memorizing textbooks textbook subject morphological facts mental discipline knowledge knowledge sake dominant purposes school growth physical mental cultural development basis reform ideas francis parker william james john dewey totally missing educational philosophy collegiate administrative rulers schools gradually demands school meet needs changing social order pace immigration industrial development led growing number educators question classical curriculum constant emphasis mental discipline oppose methods incessant drill
overwhelming majority compensatory efforts decade compensatory education emphasis shown effective raising cognitive levels target students according richard director division compensatory education office education educational evaluated ten solid data unambiguously demonstrated success head start known heavily funded compensatory program turned ineffective according westinghouse ohio university evaluation centers evaluation report significant difference learning head start children matched control group program failed help disadvantaged learners catch middle class counterparts alleviate cognitive deficiencies rand corporation report concluded regard school financing compensatory education spending getting return early stages compensatory programs input increments high marginal return gradually diminished point reached input wasted virtually increase output concluded reached flat area output relation input worse return studies pointed government failure secure objective reliable measures successful programs called successes generally based hard data impressions cases bias lawmakers allocate federal monies compensatory programs increasingly concerned putting money areas worth empirically shown
educators concerned problems teaching students speak nonstandard dialects hamper progress traditional classroom historically public schools attempted teacher proper standard english students speak nonstandard dialects simplistic insistence proper english caused students reject cultural background view teachers efforts direction demeaning hostile recent educators concerned learning problems encountered students speak black english number scholars studying black english dialect succeeded identifying underlying grammatical forms differences standard english black english basic form speech low income black students succeeding academically educators proposed school teach students black english learn read proposals experiments advocated teaching english foreign language students speak black english nonstandard dialects emphasizing students personal experience teaching language variety transitional techniques research teaching black english dialects provided support conclusion students gain academically initially taught dialect review research dealing black english concluded conclusive empirical evidence literature supporting belief methods purport minimize interference black english reading performance successful traditional standard instructional materials
federal funding meant supervision assure purposes designated concept program purpose enlarged mean federal financing program subjects program activity regulation words accepting federal money aspect school college program recipient institution open federal regulation operation schools receive federal funds assist low income students meet detailed federal guidelines affirmative action employment women minorities developing set regulations extended range federal statutory requirements schools colleges public private local school officials prepare literally hundreds federal forms reports dealing topics diverse student records information personnel recruitment desegregation school heating systems participation athletic programs federal government concerted effort simplify reduce local school reporting requirements officials school districts enormous workload describing justifying efforts meet federal government reporting program implementation requirements national survey annual school district costs providing federally mandated data million increasing role federal government education highlighted establishment separate department education part department health education welfare department education established achieve objectives strengthen federal commitment ensure access equal educational opportunity individual supplement complement efforts institutions improve quality education encourage increased involvement public parents students federal education programs improve quality usefulness education federally supported research evaluation sharing information improve coordination management efficiency federal education programs activities increase accountability president congress public
step educational objectives word attack children school formulated school staff objective reading school percent children attain independence word attack age percent age percent age objective focuses attention school staff instructional priorities instance tutoring curriculum area area word attack similarly means found assessing child independence word attack attainment objective age child grade level school determine individual child longer receive instruction word attack skills development school objectives related curriculum areas including reading continuing process discontinued information obtained students achieve based evaluation achieving expected objectives set schools engaged setting objectives annually evaluating related students performances typically set objectives result higher student achievement succeeding step specific instructional objectives group children identified class children school level word attack objectives suitable children early stage reading notice figure arrow goes step step step step process start point process
classical conditioning previously neutral stimulus elicits response repeated pairing unconditioned stimulus contrast operant instrumental conditioning response positive reinforcer reward negative reinforcer aversive stimulus removed operant conditioning response reward tendency response repeated hungry child says food sequence repeated probability increased child hungry say food food serves positive reinforcer response operant children experience aversive stimuli involve feelings pain child touches hot radiator withdrawing radiator operant removes aversive stimulus heat removal heat strengthens operant deliberately apply painful stimuli heat children physically painful stimuli animal laboratories teacher isolates child aversive stimulus child copies page book page copied teacher isolation removal isolation condition strengthens copying behavior doubt removal aversive stimulus strengthens response leads removal punishing undesired behavior child opportunity terminate punishment effects punishment behavior unrelated termination punishment predicted reliably effects adult punishes child act child knows reason punishment tendency child commit act punishing act committed lead extinction
attainment concepts formal levels reduces need additional learning primarily able generalize instances concept discriminate concept expectations help deal effectively instances identify plant poison ivy treat gingerly school age children learned concept level generalize instances readily generalizing instances individuals concepts attained formal level possibly level understanding coordinate subordinate relationships classes things individual classifies examples deciduous evergreen trees trees examples trees herbs grasses plants examples plants animals living things understanding subordinate relationships greatly increases individual set related concepts knowing attributes class acid vinegar acid leads inference vinegar attributes acids attributes peculiar vinegar things known acids react bases true vinegar learning acid concept vinegar increases concept vinegar individual statements relations concepts involving effect correlation probability lawful relations contained axioms called principles treated subordinate relations kinds relationships analogous rules defined understanding lawful relationships concepts permits relating classes things individual things
connection instructional programming individual student task educational personnel mainly teachers identify media inclusive term materials effectively students varying characteristics attaining instructional objectives learning environments classrooms laboratory playground home neighborhood problem media students characteristics researched extensively dickie sources information help practitioner deal situation comparative research completed helps identify capabilities media excellent teachers arrived sound judgments students need learn experts audiovisual education identified media learning tasks sources including tables summarizing key information teachers concerning media medium showing mass communication systems century students low reading ability similar questions answered considering related attributes media pictorial symbolic presentation information means viewer information acquisition picture drawing present information visually audio recording presents information symbolically verbally shown column table media including sound motion pictures slide films combine give emphasis main classes subject matter presented pictorial mode static things things change motion
computers coming slowly education business industry demonstrated sustained capability deliver desired instruction reasonable cost extensively educational research computer moderate capability perform minutes set calculations require researcher week complete desk calculator computers central offices large school systems connection payrolls insurance inventories enrollments record keeping teachers students computers help teachers manage instructional programs individual students soon prove economically feasible extent computers interact basis student assist instruction uncertain computer discussed fully section educational research developed rapidly decades college campuses large school districts research carried continuously problems learning instruction federal government accelerated financial support educational research growth interest activity educational research statistical theories research methods emerged methods invariably call sampling district united states gathering storing complete information student computers suited purposes educational psychologists properly emphasize results research courses educational psychology courses help teacher consumer research participant research performer research performers educational research teachers increasingly data analyzed computers order save tedious hours calculating avoid errors
accept metamorphosis analogy cognitive stages believe stage theoretical construct study human cognitive development conception stages shown schematically figure curves figure imply qualitative change maturing individual repertoire classification skills concepts principles beginning stage items define stage mature gradually abruptly items stage achieve mature level end stage marked initial appearance connection rate items dimensions stage mature depicts patterns shown figures items emerge mature rates draw farther figure emerge points reach final level figure emerge points mature parallel rates reach full maturity times figure empirical research regard piagetian items suggest items conform patterns educational implications view stages based metamorphosis idea earlier overriding implication person extent gradualness continuity versus abruptness rate maturation skills concepts interested stage concept draw direct implications concerning start teaching skill concept
staff hand power expertise staff expects community furnish resources implement instructional program staff power withdraw services receive adequate resources staff members ultimately agents community final analysis accommodate demands change open clear channels communication maintained order optimize instructional program levels focus school community school neighborhood home attention parents parents expectations school specific objective wider community parents greater direct interest individual child instructional program child collectively intense interest school means projected ends parents generally influential school related group greatest impact community awareness potential educational efforts political actions larger community allocation tasks expertise schools systematic approach parents presented clear picture school aims regarding cognitive affective psychomotor development children procedures stimulating development responsibility belongs unit staff met home school community relations program point view unit reality intense family influence children necessity parental inputs unit teachers understand home understand child dependent parents accept preferably commit instructional program individual child
excellent assist younger students inexperienced goal setting identify list instructional objectives student vocabulary list duplicated teacher studies part list individual student students select objectives try attain interval week students select objectives decide try master fact setting goals goal setting school situations proceeds manner rarely students encouraged wish related school objectives goal setting conferences teacher actually tell hesitant students objectives try attain words teacher students assignments agree teacher based knowledge students amount effort required attain objectives practice students able select objectives kennedy found middle high achieving students set goals arithmetic learned remembered arithmetic students achievement levels set goals surpassed students objectives set teacher hand low achieving students teacher selecting suggesting results classroom experiment accepted suggestive teacher behaviors important conclusion experiment teacher exercise judgment based careful observation understanding student determine direction student needs setting goals individual goal setting beginning typing class
information learned related concepts principles learned student older students mark teacher ability help students find relationships items subject field subject fields foreign language teacher relates personal experiences foreign country dialogues learned points associations foreign language vocabulary students similarly history teacher relates political facts era art music literature era students familiar relationships identified consistently teacher students find relationships enabled organize discrete information meaningful patterns help students acquire information providing set concepts advance organizer chapter information related learning concepts higher generality information organizational framework material facilitates learning experiment college students knowledge relate information asked learn information pubescence presented specially prepared passage fitzgerald control group word introductory passage dealing behavioral aspects pubescence cultures material related information indirect experimental group word introductory passage advance organizer dealing primary secondary sex characteristics advance organizer pitched higher level abstraction generality subsequent material experimental group receiving advance organizer learned material easily
conditions situation encouraged independent discovery evaluation students ready student teaching semester permitted enroll weeks weeks student teaching small number classes arrangement enabled students plan study schedules efficiently usual schedule classes turn students class meetings gather information independently meet members group students perceived full student teachers motivation identifying solving problems high instructor generally withheld direct evaluation students statements principles demonstrations tell students definitely wrong complete incomplete raised questions raising questions discussions helped students arrive conclusions independently instructor main instructional goal encouragement independent discovery evaluation students teaching positions later fall monotonous teaching methods monotonous goal achieved leads students seek ways improving problem solving abilities pupils consider behaviors implemented lesson beginning science teacher lesson describe biology specific topic salivary digestion starch instructional materials test tubes medicine droppers starch suspension dilute iodine solution benedict solution materials school class asked effect saliva starch ready answer starch sugar
teaching requires knowledge skills learned learner abilities principles teaching requires continuous feedback correction teaching teachers measure abilities skills taught school simply knowledge abilities knowledge gross violations guide eliminated illustrated discussions handwriting left handed children vocal music boys voices changing handwriting left handed handed children situations seats desks arranged light comes left proper left taught write left page left handed child continuously covering written immediately written printed models handwriting handed persons downward slant letters left left handed children slant letters straight written covered left hand moving page suppose teacher left handed child class sort analysis skill relation left handed children ability write instruction begins careful analysis teacher insist left handed children precisely slant spacing letters needed arrangements seating lighting recent survey high school boys girls participating chorus groups showed ratio approximately girls boy primary reason imbalance music teachers recognize true nature singing task boys going period voice change
teachers preferred medium sized group students standpoint economy lively group interaction leadership emerged groups conference proceeded students expressed preference group conferences teachers felt individual conferences effective types children teachers observe differences behaviors control conference groups felt children control group caught general spirit project principal conferences behavioral assessment sheets provided teachers framework viewing student behaviors positively concentrating instances misconduct students teachers encouraged focus positive behavior principal considered greatest effect project changing direction teachers thinking student conduct fact teacher ratings showed greater shifts project period supports observation primary group family religious group friendship group core common attitudes holds members members primary groups tend similar attitudes reference groups individuals groups identify members importantly influence attitude development reference group individuals standard judge adequacy behavior reasons members primary groups tend share common core similar attitudes conformity pressures group induce attitude homogeneity individuals price retaining group membership individuals tend seek groups join prevailing attitudes similar members primary groups share environment exposed information members group assume group attitudes means obtaining group acceptance
alternative ways reporting progress parents objective based programs alternative report verbally exactly pupil mastered written oral form skill folder racine wisconsin unified school district part shown figure shared parents parent teacher student parent teacher conference folder conference report precisely child school systems objective based instructional programs curriculum areas reconciled system reporting means evaluating progress individual students strong pressure parent groups retain traditional forms grading include information achievement pupil relation pupils survey methods reporting pupil progress parents presented table widespread letter grades secondary level shown results fact column table adds percent reflects fact schools method reporting parents note parent teacher conferences elementary schools letter grades parent conferences predominantly discussed detail assigning letter grades report cards discussed outcome evaluation grades based multiple types information judgments transforming information letter grades true secondary college levels especially teachers simply average test scores rank order assign letter grades likely subjective judgments enter grading process
knowledge statistics enables understand reports dealing students test characteristics evaluations materials procedures experiments teachers knowledge helpful allowing decide information relevant teaching simple statistics interpret information related students characteristics achievements language statistics teachers communicating information students parents fourth statistics describe characteristics tests reliability validity tests discussed chapter involve statistic known correlation coefficient ability compute correlations interpret correlation coefficients helps teachers evaluate characteristics tests construct knowledge statistics research procedures enables individual interpret understand reports governmental private agencies general knowledge kind teaching situations specific knowledge regarding educational research development getting discussion statistics additional sets concepts understood set deals basic branches statistics distinction types variables statistics primary branches descriptive inferential descriptive statistics involves implies statistics describe body data explain separate pieces information succinctly information presented chapter regarding tabulating graphing data measures central tendency measures variability measures relationship kinds descriptive statistics
complete discussion entries table note error term denominator computing simply numerical obtained mean square effect divided mean square error likewise degrees freedom calculations statistic interest table calculated lines error term appears let continue conference procedure suggesting number objectives attained course experiment depend pupil previous attainment objectives case data collected experiment begins earlier attainment patterns children baseline period data actually final analysis explained section analysis taking account dependent measure child known analysis number objectives child attained baseline period known effect final scores dependent variable adjusted means account differences children analysis variance performed test utilized results reported analysis manner analysis variance scores related scores reported fs higher values extreme actual case noted table interaction term interaction term meet significance level set advance analysis variance performed analysis significant
question leisure clearly interdisciplinary question leisure form personal behavior expect psychology tell leisure leisure occurs society nourishes encourages expect sociology important discipline study leisure leisure relates change activities living organism expect biology provide important information nature essence leisure surely task proper philosophy interesting fact leisure greek discovery analyzed detail aristotle author works psychological soul sociological city biological parts animals philosophical ethics metaphysics spite prelude study leisure greek thought merit saying leisure peculiarly postindustrial modern phenomenon leisure enjoyed greeks based enslavement masses leisure christian era comparatively leisure absorbed prayer contemplation renaissance golden age leisure nobility think art leisure activity majority renaissance artists treated craftsmen toiled hours ill compensated pains industrial era oriented culture known laborer western encouraged assume naturalness necessity seventy hour week wealthy aristocratic enjoyed goods leisure provide
proposed eclectic embracing approach leisure largely inseparable aspects leisure leisure relaxation entertainment personal development include relaxation provide recovery fatigue major concern modern urban populations group students surveyed asked spend unexpected holidays frequently recurring response relax activity produce amount tension stress activity prefer produces distress modern workers experience degree alienation follows experience need relaxation theme writings philosophers bertrand russell martin heidegger authors sagan carson mccullers boredom remedy modern malaise entertainment essential component leisure america entertainment consuming dimension leisure nielsen ratings average american adult watched tv twenty hours week debate quality tv entertainment raged tv beginnings fact moment sunrise midnight upwards ten million americans watching tv dealt television watching form mass entertainment movies plays music novels magazines newspapers offer diversion respite cares studies average american spends hours entertained entertainment carry component leisure development personality affinities classical notion leisure psychological approach leisure
country inevitably moves hunting gathering agrarian culture urban society process occurring bantu south africa australian aborigines involved making leap stone age society modern era produce consume chinese making step farm centered existence factory oriented india continue painful movement urbanization industrialization hundred north south america pockets agrarian society gradually wither hands greater profits greater incentives industrial climate north america farming part industry huge machines huge amounts capital bring crops manner unlike mode production characteristic factories talk getting land picture nineteenth century farming periods hard alternated periods rest leisure industrial society dominated large scale modes power production need labor need consumers centralization location labor pool convenient area history industrialization history development powerful efficient machinery availability run machines granted refused demanded wages higher industrialist wished pay labor market cultivated moving southward america overseas taiwan indonesia causing period unemployment migration development industry
attribute games special equipment games charades avoid element altogether games require ball birdie glove racket cards dice numbers played central tool play assumes symbolic baseball souvenir big game football caught end zone tennis balls major contests prized games require deal paraphernalia proper performance equipment rooms professional hockey football baseball teams large playing arena simpler sports racquetball squash attribute games place span games basketball restructured drastically watches clocks ultimate importance races won contestant games indifferent meeting beginning ending light fades begins poker bridge board games simply played contestants weary impoverished continue acts ultimate tempo enter moment moment play fourth attribute games artificial makes game artificial believe aspect game transparent envelopes folded stamped clock games professional sports spectator integral part keeping game artificial separating business earning living
things noticed baby gender understanding sexuality forms maturation gradual process learn male female learn styles sexual behavior important note sexuality genital aspect human personality irradiated masculinity femininity biological instinctive learned behavior presumably boys learn masculinity imitating fathers male role models girls learn femininity imitation mothers women studies homosexuality suggest adult homosexuals influenced sexual role learning opposite sex sex sexual identity character game played learn act sexual roles learn sexual involves learning playing extraordinarily complex set games rituals courtship learning proper phrases acquiring proper dress making moves learning correct responses popular songs persist game love lover played games heart important articles seventeen cosmopolitan playboy gentleman quarterly advertising learns clothes wear cars drive stereo buy stand smile drink marriage ceremonies attendant family rituals public spectacles games spectators watch newspapers social columns marriage ceremonies characteristics games rules procedure contest families opulent conspicuous
improved precision devices added sporting events greater specificity training coaching developed champion gold medal athletes separated fractions aspects related actual performance considered increased attention role biological rhythms early investigations conducted ussr evaluate body rhythms relationship performance sporting successes assumed taking account characteristics annual phases women able forecast level functional possibilities human organism sports professional activity space medicine resistance disease list physiological body functions think cyclical performed repeating frequencies comment effect leisure immediately consider sixty eighty beats minute heart twenty menstrual cycle women daily occurring sleep activity pattern daily rhythms activity rest cycle labeled circadian word derived latin words meaning dies translated term appropriately points rhythms perfectly match artificially created twenty hour mechanical daily body rhythms approximately twenty hours range twenty twenty hours periods named identifies thirty frequencies month refers periods duration frequency greater half hour twenty hours labeled frequently studied rhythm hunger occurs minute cycles physiological body cycles scientifically documented
leisure residual leisure left existence care definition favored budget analysts quantifiable enumerate minutes spent activities concept identifies leisure assumes leisure means thing free recreation play leisure identified set leisure activities fill empty free economists talk boom leisure spending travel equipment attendance figures identified leisure notion leisure common widespread leisure free obligations longer tie retirement communities called leisure villages presuming retired devote entirely leisure leisure attitude condition soul space activity understanding leisure expressed followers aristotle ancient greeks contemporary writers sebastian de josef aristotle spoke music contemplation characteristic activities leisure regarded highest highest faculties according aristotle followers thinking appreciating expressions human leisure music aristotle meant activities muses inspire poetry song dance playing musical instruments modern writers add worship list religious activity performed placate capricious deity put oneself harmony universe leisure essentially interior goes person course manifested external forms
chapter discuss scenarios future economic political conditions suffice point leisure administered fleet automata domestic machinery granted american households includes ovens clothes washers dryers equivalent mansion full servants terms freed labors daily certainly opportunity leisure transform leisure remains seen freedom leisure choices unprecedented human history advantages large populations urban regions opportunity cultivate friendships minded opportunities socializing greater americans wealthy freedom try number lifestyles poor coerced trying variety living arrangements doubtful society offered educational cultural opportunities citizens high school education virtually mandatory community college extension programs put higher education reach percent population human beings human history primary survival decent survival hoped golden age leisure chance realized leisure personal growth fulfillment enrichment regarded members western postindustrial societies significant numbers secondary personality growth leisure understood central paradigm primary goal necessity order support growth leisure
number western entrepreneurs purchased large tracts sold campsite memberships ranging price membership entitles purchaser free rein park thousand acres final category private camps includes franchises largest america sites highways cater motion spots serve family group vacation site days strive provide large number amenities campers general store flush toilets showers cases restaurant backpacking included form camping goal hike wilderness isolated campsites kind cycle process family tent camping stage backpack camping return older age comforts camping vehicle designed purpose studies purists seek nature sole goal camping experience tend want seeing spending night earshot sites popular purist greater lengths obtain isolation essential component wilderness backpacking important note seriousness experienced campers ply craft camping essential recreational concern season activity winter camping popular especially interest cross country skiing camper spend hours reading catalogues visiting outdoor stores choosing materials conversing minded campers
children grow conforming cultural stereotypes develop psychological problems high femininity females consistently correlated high anxiety low esteem low acceptance similar findings exist males high masculinity scores recreation personnel help problems sexual identity sex role stereotyping treating individuals comes greek words andro meaning male meaning female implies adaptability person possess exhibit characteristics previously assigned gender person react appropriately situation limited responding according predetermined gender guidelines female aggressive competitive business sports male demonstrate tenderness gentleness negative connotations attached programs structuring curriculum basis children involved home economics industrial arts shop recreation accused sexist public private commercial recreation organizations devoted attention males field recreation obligation government schools provide equal opportunity ways dealing creatively problem twelve age give puberty begins indicating passage childhood adolescence period growth development awkward traumatic body proportions change rapidly secondary sex characteristics begin surface pinpointing puberty exact beginning end difficult single event process development reproductive capacities obvious growth spurt part process female sexual maturity occurs male individual differences produce early late
firms spending money giving increased attention exercise employees company sponsored fitness programs viewed fringe benefit employee producer productive happier healthier workers company early estimated companies major fitness programs president commented employee impressed gym tennis court swimming pool fringe benefits offer provision facilities fitness directors incentives attract quarter half eligible employees incentives participate include extra pay reimbursement health insurance premiums fitness club fees paid low twelve dollar family fitness center membership costs hospital corporation america nashville pays mile cents runners walkers cents bicyclists cents swimmers companies hope incentives help attract employees fitness programs motivating employees stick reports exercise programs suffer percent participants dropping shortly factors play account mortality rate jogging success appears correlate exercise earlier generally exercise dropouts score lower motivation nearly ten pounds heavier approximately percent fat body weight stay exercise program previously mentioned differences predicted dropouts nearly percent accuracy professional workers doctors lawyers professors spend engaged profession members working class exhibit greater variety recreation activities participation individual activities drop favor family centered activities
familiar referred theory aging theory based premise aging individuals gradually decrease social interaction view procedure developmental process serves aging individual society reduces psychological effect death substantial research findings support engagement activity theory states prefer opportunity ability maintain preferred pattern living engagement closely related psychological wellbeing support gathered concept aging insignificant influence peoples recreational patterns preferences desired tendency appears maintaining direction pattern living developed past continuity past helps satisfied human adults order satisfied pleased expressed need feel adapted present situation productive consistent needs satisfied present activities memories past actions attitude tends determine degree satisfaction results past present actions general human span recently changed number individuals surviving limit increased unusual live ninety american balance young past societies young children accounted larger percent total population delicate balance exists present economic medical welfare institutions estimated increase expectancy rupture economic institutions future scenario depicts society major efforts sixty directed care sixty
forecasting major tool futurist current data serve action role forecaster provide insight personal cultural economic political factors bring current trends forecaster suggested current trends increased wilderness usage soon abate urbanized city backgrounds city oriented myths night woods prove terrifying relaxing crucial forecasters correctly pick factors affect future instance seek wilderness mystique night woods compensation noise pollution congestion urban living forecasting attempts determine precise points cultural occur culture affecting technological innovation historically travel communications seen number innovations course twentieth century astute forecasters predicted cases prepared brought radio automobile television jet travel data processing demise train travel missed mark convincingly president zenith corporation television amount expensive average family scenario writing resort futurists future unexpected unpredictable suppose develop inexpensive solar fuel cell consequences scenario writer suggest alternatives positive negative minimal change describe societal alteration patterns
scenario things wishful thinking america land resources americans penchant ingenuity success developing alternative energy sources development products markets products ways improving productivity improvement political situation combination favorable factors boost economy additional monies develop maintain national recreation places increase supervised recreation opportunities put money pockets consumers result expenditures recreation increase considerably federal agencies increase numbers employees meeting directly serving public planning development future facilities private commercial enterprises increase personnel substantially kinds recreation adventures profitable experience period economic growth likely lid hiring government agencies removed likely americans money spend recreation number jobs recreation increase markedly encouraging note number economists american foreign persistently assert american economy strongest bound enjoy period renewed prosperity occur improved employment recreation assured corollary fair attempt scenario writing look gloomy side individual fortunes adversely affected circumstances nation increase sharply military expenditures militarily involved costs energy escalated sharply financial markets experienced crisis confidence occurred occasion period poor employment prospects recreation
according study cited approximately percent employed recreation park agencies hold associate baccalaureate masters degrees recreation parks grim reality producing professional degrees unsuccessfully competing jobs specific experience degrees fields business physical education biology hotel management liberal arts ability part minimum wage extensive career preparation necessarily answer greater visibility field emphasizing importance professional credentials proving training recreation parks curricula order improve employment prospects majors recreation parks need prepare fact entry level jobs trained expected opportunities eventually obtaining desired job promising freeze hiring recreation agencies lifted demands recreation america overpowering needs handicapped federal funds respond needs put demand recreation increase demand competent professionals facilitate recreation met experience need outdoors getaways urban environments trips tourist attractions tight short term markets employment recreation realities market place dictate term prospects bound fact experienced increase employment minimal lid removed
student philosophy speak period thirty forty ago philosopher beginning suffer feeling inferiority exact scientist felt mathematician qualified philosophize students philosophy philosophy mathematics university studies conducted try imitation mathematicians extent acquainting paraphernalia symbolic logic remember enthusiastic contemporary devised symbolic ethics invent symbols found principia familiarity contemporary physics contemporary biology prized philosophical argument supported illustrations sciences respectable lacked supporting evidence irrelevant aware philosopher field knowledge amiss ideal philosopher ease science branch art language human history knowledge preserve excessive awe disciplines untrained excessive bias exercised age branch study subdivided specialized ideal omniscience remote realization omniscience philosopher begins rely science today imagine follow logic leant heavily illustrations drawn botany philosopher exploitation science likely meet severe criticism ready accept conclusions scientist philosophizes
objection put lightly task carries maintenance bare existence satisfaction pressing needs faced reorganizing intellectual moral spiritual assets discussing problem detail fresh start foundations call defence leisure assuming rashly moment house going built western tradition thing decision hanging balance essential begin fact foundations western culture leisure learnt chapter aristotle metaphysics history word fact leisure greek latin english school word designate place educate teach derived word means leisure school properly speaking mean school leisure original conception leisure arose civilized greece unrecognizable planned diligence total labour order gain clear notion leisure begin setting prejudice prejudice comes sphere known study capitalism max weber quotes saying live lives nowadays difficulty understanding expresses current opinion find difficulty grasping reverses order things stands head
highest forms knowledge hand preceded effort thought knowledge question grace strict sense word case effort condition equally true effects effortlessly produced love presuppose doubt heroic moral struggle decisive thing virtue means realization imply previous moral effort equated moral effort similarly means reach reality existing things knowledge confined effort thought intellectual aspect intellectual exaggerated put difficult simply difficult evident trait look worker fixed mask readiness suffer relation absence connection reality real values distinctive readiness suffer called heart discipline kind asks question end utterly christian conception sacrifice christian conception sacrifice concerned suffering involved qua suffering primarily concerned toil worry difficulty salvation fullness ultimately fullness happiness end norm discipline happiness inmost significance exaggerated set hard appears mistrust effortless enjoy conscience acquired toil trouble refuses gift
diemaker fig toolmaker specializes making punches dies needed stamp products auto body parts electrical parts diemaker makes dies produce metal parts shaped pushed dies castings parts forcing molten metal metal mold toolmaker diemaker represents high degree machine shop skill layout person fig specialist interprets drawings precision measuring tools locates marks material removed castings metal stock layout person skilled machinist familiar operations capabilities standard machine tools trained mathematics print reading setup person fig worker sets machine tools machine operator setup person expected explain machine operator job check accuracy finished pieces supervisor fig skilled machinist promoted position responsibility supervisor directs workers shop responsible meeting production deadlines keeping rejects meet specifications minimum shops supervisor responsible firing incompetent workers technician fig production team member operates realm shop engineering department position outgrowth today highly technological scientific job requires college program centered math science english manufacturing production processes
shown plans number units needed assembly fig order included job information received shop total number units manufactured facilitates ordering materials help determine economical manufacture pieces drawings actual size called scale drawings scale shown section title block drawing half size shown figure means drawing actual size part fig information correctly fit parts term application place assembly fig original drawing fig portion title block information tells mechanic correct piece fig major assembly seldom original drawings shop lost damaged destroyed jobs sets plans needed methods duplicating original drawings developed including trademark white background black blue green maroon lines depending chemicals paper print developed exposing concentrated ammonia vapor van dyke trademark similar blueprint background dark brown white lines van dyke prints lightweight thin paper masters additional prints blueprints lines white blue background blueprints seldom modern shop
thickness gages fig arranged leaf form individual thicknesses lengths ft rolls convenience thickness marked regular intervals thickness gages tempered steel width thickness gages ideal measuring narrow slots setting small gaps clearances determining fit large mating surfaces checking flatness parts straightening operations screw pitch gages fig determine pitch number threads inch threads blade stamped number threads inch measures thin steel blades fillet radius gage fig check concave convex radii corners shoulders layout inspection template grinding form cutting tools holder fig especially checking radii hard reach locations gages increase radius increments drill rods steel rods manufactured close tolerances twist drill diameters inspecting hole alignment location checking hole diameters manner plug gage measuring tools direct reading require help rule micrometer vernier caliper determine size measurement caliper fig external measurements tolerance allowed caliper dial scale shows measurement steel rule round stock measured setting caliper approximate diameter material hold caliper square move caliper legs stock
drilling recommended cutting speeds feeds generates considerable heat cutting point heat dissipated carried fast generated destroy temper drill dull rapidly cutting compounds oils applied absorb heat fluids cool cutting tool act lubricant reduce friction cutting edges minimize tendency chips welded lips improve finish aid rapid removal chips hole animal oils lard oil mineral oils kerosene soluble oils excellent cutting compounds soluble oil oily paste concentrate mixes readily water cutting fluids applied liberally drilling cast iron brittle materials tend chips pack glaze opening compressed air cool drill working materials drill dull continued dull drill result breakage burn forced metal improper sharpening troubles remove entire point badly worn margins burned worn point accident drill overheated grinding plunge water cool allow cool air shock sudden cooling crack factors considered repointing drill lip clearance fig cutting edges lips comparable chisels cut effectively heel part point cutting edge relieved
standard metal cutting saws sizes ranging saws accessories include quick acting vises power stock movement power clamping automatic cycling cutting operation moves required distance clamps makes cut automatically fig cycle repeated completion cut high speed cutting requires coolant coolant materials cast iron brass alloys reduce friction blade wear chip clogging swivel vise fig permits angular cuts quickly easily hand hacksaw proper blade selection important tooth rule teeth contact applies large pieces soft materials require coarse teeth small thin hard materials require fine tooth blade cutting action apply heavy feed pressure hard materials large light pressure soft materials small cross sections fig blades manufactured principal types flexible hard choice depends flexible blades safety requirements demand blade cutting odd shaped mounted firmly machine majority cutting jobs hard blade choice straight accurate cutting variety conditions blades tungsten molybdenum steels tungsten carbide teeth alloy steel backs rule thumb selecting correct blade tooth blade cutting large sections readily machined metals
nuts engaged thread cutting gear arrangement makes impossible engage power feed half nuts simultaneously half nuts engaged thread cutting automatic feed regular turning large aircraft permitted takeoff pilot check procedure determine engines controls safety features class operating condition applies operation machine tool lathe operator inspect machine safe proper operation clean lubricate lathe lubricant types grades lathe maker manufacturers recommend specific lubricating sequence reduce missing vital lube point replace guards loosen belt tension turn spindle hand sure locked engaged gear move carriage ways binding fig check cross slide movement adjust play fig mount desired holding attachment spindle nose cleaned soft brush threaded nose spindle drop lube oil applied attaching chuck adjust drive mechanism desired speed feed check alignment fig clamp cutter bit tool holder mount tool post permit excessive compound rest overhand tool chatter results poorly machined surface fig mount check adequate clearance machine parts replace tension drive belt
shaper fig machine flat surfaces horizontal vertical angular planes primarily machine flat surfaces skillful machinist manipulate shaper cut curved irregular shapes slots grooves machine operates cutting tool travels fig cutting stroke limited heavy duty shapers shaper makes single point cutting tool makes economical slow machining rate limits shaper tool room job shop operations industry replacing shaper productive machines milling machine shapers mechanically driven hydraulic drive makes hydraulic cylinder drive ram gears bearings mechanically driven shapers crankpin driving bull wheel drive ram fig type advantages disadvantages machines adjusted wide range stroke lengths ram speeds shaper typical type industry illustrated fig components adjustment points machine tool operator familiar tool limitations checked carefully inspected safe operating condition machine lubricated manufacturer lubrication chart guide shaper size determined maximum length material tool machine setup fig shaper stroke distance cutting tool travels sufficient machine surface
shaper capable machining internal internal openings fig cutting tool held extension fig cutting tool mounted close head wedge clapper box lifting return stroke cuts tool supported process cutting series equally spaced grooves surface piece fig consist sets grooves cross leave small regularly spaced areas pivot vise deg mount shaped tool bit fed slowly desired depth attained backed table moved previously determined distance groove sequence series complete vise pivoted deg left cycle repeated job completed speed number strokes ram makes minute feed distance travels moves cutting stroke generally observed harder metal deeper cut slower cutting speed softer metal lighter cut faster cutting speed coarse feed deep cut slow cutting speed roughing cut fine feed light cut fast cutting speed required finishing cut shaper capable making heavy cuts fig properly adjusted cutter bit sharpened correctly
milling operations fall distinct methods conventional milling fed rotation cutter fig chip minimum thickness start cut light cutter tendency slide sufficient pressure built bite alternate sliding start sudden breakthrough tooth completes cut leaves marks familiar milled surfaces marks ridges minimum keeping table properly adjusted climb milling moves direction rotation cutter fig full engagement tooth instantaneous sliding action conventional milling eliminated resulting finish longer tool main advantage climb milling tendency cutter press table fixture climb milling recommended light machines large older machines top condition fitted device play danger accident play table holding device mounted securely arbor common method hold drive cutters number sizes styles addition holding tapers fig small hand milling machines older models large millers basic arbor styles general style fig fitted small pilot end runs bronze bearing arbor support
assure finish size accuracy vital rotation traverse table movement front wheel smooth steady table movement wheel overrun end width wheel face fig permits grinding wheel accurate grinding job insufficient run result oversize complete run grinding wheel piece undersize grinding wheel true balanced vibration chatter marks round cutting speeds feeds determined information charts furnished grinding machine grinding wheel manufacturers give results internal grinding fig secure fine surface accuracy internal diameters mounted chuck rotates grinding operation revolving grinding wheel moves hole special grinding machine finishes holes pieces large rotated conventional machine shown fig hole diameter controlled regulating diameter circle grinding head moves support centers grinding fig rotated grinding wheel piece positioned support blade fed automatically regulating feed wheel rotate grinding wheel cutting feed obtained setting regulating wheel slight angle
contour sawing fig band machine size machine limiting factor size cut table band machine mounted permitting tilted makes machine compound angular cuts fig internal cuts band machine fig band threaded hole drilled piece welded maneuvered prescribed line additional holes drilled sharp corners fig blade file cutting position fig completing internal cut cut band close weld entire weld cut prior rewelding recommended weld band caution exercise extreme caution blade breaks completion cut moving blade injury mechanical pressure attachments power feed band machines simplest attachment makes weights pull blade fig hands operator free guide types hydraulic power feed attachments developed band machines fig worktable actuated feeds blade constant predetermined rate accidental overfeeding eliminated greatly extending blade connected sprocket chain guides layout line lower blade guide senses feed force automatically counteracts
sequence order information introduced control system information information tool information channel tape binary number system base symbols coded decimal coding standard types tape formats fixed sequential order preestablished complete description position including tool number entered control tab sequential order information introduced similar fixed sequential order preestablished tab code digital information pertaining function machine tab code need entered dimension changed subsequent position preceding dimension maintained word address simple english language statements word symbols describe part machined general purpose digital computer translates word symbols numerical signal commands word symbol computer punch tape numerical signal commands required carry action programmer fig apt automatically programmed tools computer language program manuscript set coded instructions fig punched tape instructions control completely operation nc machine manufacturing part perform machining operations conventional machine tool machinist studies drawing mounts positions machining selects proper cutting speeds feeds cutter things accordance specifications drawing
science cryogenics recent additions technology metalworking technique metal improve reinforce metalworking techniques term cryogenic greek meaning icy cold latin create cryogenic means literally icy cold cryogenics deals temperatures starting point oxygen deg goes absolute deg point helium freezes oxygen nitrogen look white beach sand table salt metals act strangely lead coils act steel springs metals increase tremendously strength super conductors electricity wide cryogenics annealing heat treating metals characteristics aluminum alloys space age metals greatly improved heating quenching liquid nitrogen application shrink fit metal parts metals shrink size cold part assembly slightly oversize size part metal determines oversize immersed liquid nitrogen diameter reduced shrunk fits mating part cooled part expands returns room temperature held place fig parts distorted parts pressed heated expanded fitted
hydraulic power applied types machine tools control guide machining operations simplicity smoothness operation flexibility ease control makes hydraulic power transmission ideal machine tool applications chapter examine basics hydraulics application machine tools introduction technology moving fluids term hydraulics based greek word water originally concerned physical behavior water rest motion broadened include study liquids ease control simple valving permits accurate control fluid pressure flow infinite number machine speeds feeds large forces controlled small forces mechanical parts need complicated system gearing cams levers lubrication inherent unit simple installation installations simple power transmitted corners distances loss efficiency separate controls speed feed units separate controlled independently smooth application power transmitted motion remarkably smooth constant maximum pressures generated instantly start cut remain constant entire cutting stroke rapid directional rapid reversals end cutting stroke cushioned shock free metal metal contact cushioning action known dwell increased decreased needed flexibility number motions locating clamping feeding driving built single machine contour machining precision contour machining application special hydraulic valving systems
hydraulic units widely machine tools simplicity dependability ease speeds feeds controlled infinite range operations schematic drawing hydraulic system surface grinder shown fig schematic drawing makes simple symbols hydraulic components complicated drawings hydraulics actuate worktable tool travel diagram operates shown fig shaper fig hydraulic pressure impart movement ram hydraulic system flexibility ram speed changed stroke length varied machine operation power cutting stroke uniform entire stroke variable speed units activated hydraulics pressure hydraulic actuator piston pulley actuating unit open reduce speed close increase speed variable split motor pulley fig development technology fluid power term fluid denote continuous medium gaseous liquid contraction fluids logic technology utilizes dynamic forces fluid motion duplicate instances improve tasks accomplished electronic electromechanical mechanical operations fig low pressure streams fluid control guide amplify delivery larger amounts fluid energy perform required fig technique roughly similar large electric currents controlled smaller impulses electric current inside transistors vacuum tubes relays
tests reveal education fairly successful passing acknowledged culture empirical observation reveals failure experienced charge adjustment assumed acquired knowledge results behavior enables live effectively present knowledge results behavior making moral judgments education measured terms transmitted knowledge behavior knowledge makes real difference knowledge inescapably lead desirable behavior goal education ultimately bring desirable behavior challenge education pass knowledge culture teach transfer helping students generalize behavior commitment responsibility according perceptions knowledge education transmit knowledge influence behavior ultimate test knowledge performance wisdom ethic commitment sought knowledge coupled application universal principles justice challenge today difficult complex lifestyle increasingly effective promoting transmission human race unlike past generations crisis occurred occasionally modern human beings live crises daily economic political social home wide crises natural spin occurring survive told greater place values dim cases fade completely evolved crisis today believe believe greatest transition period history futurists toffler proclaiming arrival greatest systems break history
points child learns combine integrate movements eyes movements hands setting patterns integration combinations perceptual systems body child sensory perceptual motor organism forces children surroundings constantly impinging convert forces meaning significance forces universe consist energies heat light mechanical things children survive grow develop environment process information brought sense organs place move order overcome forces subsequently process information brought able extent movement patterns developed properly move order learn learn move stimuli external stimuli energies surround internal stimuli furnished feedback unique nature chapter movement adjusted perception manner perception depends movement process interaction children gain perceptions obtain meaning stimuli calls process combining perceptual information motor information meaningful perceptual motor match specific perceptions generalized conceptualization takes place child goes specific general succession generalizations comprises thinking thinking process triggered movement research evidence child motor patterns involved hand eye coordination highly integrated ability discriminate differentiate sounds ability form words
human biologic nature universal varies human social political structures unique nationalities token principles emerging facts human biologic nature permanent principles emerging facts political social structure differ proportion customs traditions mores facts social political structure subjected philosophic inquiry generalizations emerge principles principles tend unique culture social structures nationality produced customs tradition aspects social heritage nation change slowly change principles derived change modified accordance concepts political economic social concepts subject change interpretation absolutes principles area periods concepts weathered demands place social order viewed tested force principles based scientific facts mind rapidly changing honored concepts outmoded succinctly stated spite scientist fear absolute aversion immutable facts rapidly changing nature social environment principles vary period truly principles place token present characterized era accelerating change futurists proclaiming advent historic leap upward bring mind systems break demanding completely ideas concepts dimensions
concerned fitness inception predecessor american association advancement physical education early leaders prominent promotion physical ability efficiency drs sargent hitchcock anderson due chiefly philosophy hetherington williams nash pendulum swung aspect program slanted natural program based sports games related activities games suitable conditions develop levels fitness vigorous school programs emphasized sports poorly organized taught overcrowded sports classes active developing fitness kraus weber tests subsequent kraus research report implications regarding physical fitness status american european youth resulted chain reaction events leading fitness movement national conference physical fitness called president dwight eisenhower directed vice president richard nixon held united states naval academy july conference evolved president council youth fitness president citizens advisory committee shane mccarthy executive director president council gave effective support promotional aspects fitness country individual states act calling governors conferences fitness appointing fitness committees councils commissions organizations national collegiate athletic association national association intercollegiate athletics active support era deal attention concept total fitness emphasized physical aspect mental social spiritual
movements began impact modern physical education significant ymca ywca movements educational social goals organizations part religious goals leaders began importance physical springfield college founded ymca department physical education added college called international training school ymca respects development leaders ymca leadership robert roberts alumni number legions names mccurdy stagg instructor naismith invented basketball school truly international shown recent count athletic programs countries headed graduates swedish gymnastics swedish movement cure based ling medical gymnastics appearance america prior civil war later reached period common acceptance leadership instrumental introducing ling educational gymnastics phase swedish gymnastics popular america due efforts mary amy morris baron posse mrs woman wealth humanitarian interests amy gifted teacher instrumental introducing swedish gymnastics public schools boston baron posse swedish immigrant took leadership system swedish gymnastics enjoyed popularity eastern part united states supply trained leadership needed teach system boston normal school gymnastics organized later department hygiene physical education wellesley college
philosophy component part general educated persons disciplines professions philosophy system values education especially physical education establish system based principles science philosophy philosophy study values philosophic process enables professional study meaning nature importance source existing values process establish redirect existing greater need adequate system values technology scientific inquiry upsetting status quo rapidly provide knowledge materialistic culture exploded areas disciplines advancement pace values provide meaning relevance professions personal longer educated persons accept beliefs base actions behavior question beliefs education physical education today held light study reasoning vulnerable view evidence discovery study research reflective thinking current assumptions hypotheses purposes examined analyzed evaluated support data reflective thinking critical analysis interpretations generalizations assumptions hypotheses clarified philosophic functions criticism analysis synthesis reflection data lead generalizations basic beliefs broad principles established need physical education present individual profession verification data formulation principles
upright posture biped position achievement ancestry process evolution biped position consequent freeing front paws prehensile activities preliminary condition development brain mental processes upright position required adaptation skeletal muscular structures posture underwent modification distinct areas process evolving human chapter occurred forearm shoulder chest areas modifications adapted swinging hanging arms change occurred later ground creatures pelvis legs underwent order adapt standing walking positions adaptation key lifted humans erect position pelvic area changed greatly order adapt vertical position form support vertical spine provide foundation internal organs pelvis changed shape size significant change occurred skull marked modification face jaw size shape cranium shift set skull spinal column evolution human skeleton head completed half million ago occurred minor exceptions head area upright posture brought adaptations human skeleton major adjustments circulatory digestive nervous systems vertical position standing bipedal locomotion human characteristics human
relationship heart circulatory system respiratory system respiratory system important link cycle getting oxygen bloodstream cooper believes oxygen key efficient functioning heart brain systems body including muscular system body store supply oxygen food materials depend constant source oxygen replenishment rest body anaerobic exercise stress oxygen debt demands imposed cells increased fold oxygen pumped body systems effectively oxygen key processes present tissues oxidation food materials produce energy needed movement heat oxygen heart brain cease function matter minutes greater demands body oxygen needed true test individual cardiovascular fitness efficiency person system process consume oxygen maximal effort respiratory system important link getting vital oxygen transportation system working tissues efficiency step training alive process oxygen lungs heart circulatory system giving oxygen bloodstream body cells maintain cellular integrity especially nerve cells central nervous system muscle cells heart walls function minutes oxygen
law law effect law states tends learn satisfying opposed annoying implies repetition referred law exercise reinforced feeling satisfaction repeated learner tends try response attempt gain satisfaction practice according thorndike satisfaction enhances learning greater extent annoyance sense laws applied learning skills physical education students ready learn act process maturation ready efforts teacher imply learning process process act repeated proficient process proceeds point efficiency rapidly learner experiences satisfaction feeling satisfaction experienced reasonable amount success achieved success satisfaction reinforcement needed correct response repeated early part learning process goals set high reach probability attaining remote learner discouraged account reason persons duffer dub class sport goals set according maturation levels students physical educators stand respect laws hypotheses theories type learning achieve purposes hope achieve teaching coaching
speciation occurred humankind primate cousins humans relatives gorilla gibbon orangutan chimpanzee radiated originally common ancestor ancestors lost mysteries miocene epoch according genetic legacy reached point social sexual behaviors modified extent remain mainstream origin homo sapiens direct offspring apes common belief humans pass evolutionary stage possessed characteristics present apes apes evolved today shared common heritage ancestry humans change human genetic heritage slow process practical purposes concerned dramatic generation generations noticeable summary human biologic evolution ongoing process significant occurred result interaction genetic recombination mutation natural selection mixing populations random drift raw material evolution genetic substance basis mutations favorable effect multiplied natural selection organism successful biologically adapting environment evolutionary change physical specialization interest physical education student races developed homo sapiens creating species species humans inhabiting earth today biologic commonality characteristics unlike
implications teacher coach aware nature feedback concerns skills performed energize sense organs produce impulses give rise sensations feel touch sensations provide knowledge feel indicating movement approximated reference stored nerve centers connotation sensation pleasant satisfying feel feedback processes help facilitating adjustments movement consistent desired goal feedback successful goal behavior matched performer says feel kinesthetic senses furnish error information pointed movement learned wrong habituated feel wrong attempting correct error error taught practiced feel wrong truth form wise article titled feel wrong suggested habitual errors taught feel learning process continued practice retraining error prone learner cue correction directive feel wrong order learner continue repeating errors sensations synthesis perception conception movement furnish information feedback uniqueness feedback mechanism internal type mentioned external type belong external feedback category
process aerobic glycolysis glycogen broken furnish energy replenish atp process water carbon dioxide liberated transported elimination centers adequate supply oxygen combustion oxidation cycle exercise continue indefinitely muscular contraction atp continuously minute power stations muscle tissue called mitochondria process accumulation lactic acid muscle tissue aerobic processes energy atp derived breakdown glycogen pyruvic acid pyruvic acid goes chemical reactions mitochondria known cycle oxygen continuously energy re form atp manner atp replenished constantly accumulation lactic acid foods broken completely yielding large amount atp molecules complicate picture energy release neutral fats glucose aerobic glycolysis process provide needed energy atp triglycerides broken glycerol fatty acids glycerol enters pathway usual manner glycogen purposes fatty acids cycle oxidation similar pyruvic acids regeneration atp longer periods exercise oxygen handled atp pc system lactic acid system anaerobic glycolysis prevails case process atp glycogen broken pyruvic acid sufficient oxygen anaerobic glycolysis continues break glycogen pyruvic acid spills tissues accumulates lactic acid
past written materials children sport negative nature weiss powers emphasized evils league current approach children youth sport recognize prevalent weaknesses set improve situation answer lies increased awareness consciousness part wise parents turn permeate structure including coaches sponsors start desire visualize total situation nature children age characteristics needs setting needs society sport programs boy girl fun child educational experiences parent society organized sport level learning experience learning ideally hands intelligent trained leadership educational background scope present educational structures approach cooperative collaborative arrangement educators voluntary leadership parents criticism indictment stems physical dangers psychologic trauma resulting undue stress competition unwarranted pressure win winning important pointed critics coaches coach sport child adults involved program view child play adult eyes measure results adult standards adult yardstick parents coaches seek acclaim recognition child achievements
ways workers field professionalized instructors course extended period preparation training body knowledge techniques role practitioner professional formal curriculum professional students provided ample opportunity classroom laboratory gain experience activities include student professional organizations national building professional libraries participating community projects working campus recreation assisting activity classes committee assignments listening outstanding professional speakers attending professional meetings students professional education professionalization career process practitioners entered profession extended period preparation basis future growth development job inservice training continue study inquiry improve professional competencies professional workers dedicate profession professional association greatest contribution worker profession excellence job specialty qualifies service motive mentioned earlier chapter contributing needs public teaching administration research counseling directing programs coaching athletics excellence job order responsibility profession contributing effort professional associations assuming responsibility contributes professional growth stature professionals contribute participate level belonging society paying dues destiny area considered profession collective hands members
ultimate proof adequacy process worth product found job later professional student career counts job teacher service institution interested ultimate evaluation process students follow program implemented program constantly sensitive needs schools follow appraisal processes process communication schools teacher training institutions approach seeks extend professional preparation initial teaching merging pre service service training phases thrust service activity truly shift focus competency prediction performance performance essence competency based teacher education based accountability accountability requires measurement evaluation teacher evaluation subject national education association states research funds devoted studies research failed identify qualities effective teaching teacher competence historically controversial topic education unpopular teachers general teacher evaluation serves purposes improvement instruction sound administrative decisions affecting teacher salary promotion tenure re employment placement transfer called merit rating necessarily mean purposes dichotomous evaluation purpose merit presumably incentive improvement teaching overriding goal evaluation teachers improvement teaching idea merit rating logical follows democratic premise persons paid worth
let look teachers mrs wanted students understand influence geography climate lifestyle miss adams children variety things worked trying light bulb counted beans worked skills tying shoes coats tyler wanted students learn cooperate groups involved decision making activity earlier examples differences areas classrooms emphasis exclusion mrs wanted students learn relationship geography climate lifestyle viewed respect important demonstrated view reminded david billy listen mike talking order perform skills carpentry hitting tennis ball properly knowledge technique required serves show areas knowledge skills attitudes closely interrelated completely separated reasonable areas extremely important emphasized schools discussion learning knowledge skills attitudes scope single text chosen emphasize area area knowledge information reason simple skills attitudes important considered important public school officials greater emphasis acquisition knowledge ability think reason chosen concentrate area based scenarios students learning varied expect glance
teaching considered trial interrelated sequential acts beginning planning implementing evaluating planning phase crucial determines direction implementation procedures directly influences type evaluation procedures adopt teaching general planning phase consists series sequential acts begins selection goals continues refinement goals objectives selection teaching strategies achieve goals goals broad statements educational intent provide purpose teaching help focus teacher energy direction examples goals taught schools include understanding relationship bill rights modern society able find definition word dictionary knowing difference left appreciating influence ancient roman civilization modern culture able serve tennis ball importance respect rights process establishing goals important remaining acts teaching logically follow goals established goals selected fuzzy thought instruction follows evaluation procedures formulated suffer goals established need translated objectives teacher attempting define students members educational community exactly students able instruction completed
common types instructional goals found schools today cognitive cognitive domain focuses transmission knowledge skills prevalent view role school today past estimate percent average elementary secondary student school devoted achievement cognitive goals emphasis seen goals teachers teaching strategies kinds tests teachers give virtually items teacher standardized tests devoted measurement cognitive goals course vary grade level individual courses believe estimates accurate cognitive domain confused affective domain differentiating think cognitive domain involving rational analytical thinking processes affective domain deals feelings likes dislikes metaphorically think focus cognitive domain mind focus affective domain heart differentiating domains asking questions person person freely type coercion question implies cognitive answer affective students fail follow school rule policy questions asked determine problem students unaware rules solution problem cognitive involving teaching informing students rules
james popham strong advocate opposing view believes performance objectives helpful planning instructional sequence evaluating continues measuring devices based explicitly behavioral objectives teacher determine degree objective achieved learning accomplished mager states basically meaningfully stated objective succeeds communicating reader writer instructional intent position desirable allow objective measurement evaluation instructional programs crucial issues facing today classroom teacher tax supported educational institutions intense fire recent public legislative bodies regularly asking accountability educators taking heed shown professional journals partially completely devoted issues topic terms accountability basic reasons emphasizing relationship objectives measurement enables student aware instructional tasks criteria successful achievement line point performance objectives allow fairer assessment student performance reason deals objective measurement evaluation instructional programs points simply stating objective desirable thought improved criteria teacher base thoughts evidence employ purpose revising learning experience order teacher teach effectively wants intends
component evaluation statement criteria criteria defines behavior performed teacher judge learning occurred standard performance evaluated criteria expressed terms minimum acceptable performance course difficult critical task teacher individuals responsible establishing level believe indicative acceptable behavior occasionally criteria expressed terms limit criteria correctness performance seconds student teacher choose criteria errors times decision minimum acceptable behavior comes play elementary math class teacher feel solving percent addition problems math test say sufficient evidence establish child knows add kinds problems hand surgeon percent success rate appendectomy skill individual consideration establishing criteria important note percent behavior lends quantitative measurement percent percent difficult percent essay impossible percent times expect student task sure student aware level implied objective
let look concept taxonomy greater detail taxonomy classification system arranged relationships found material classified simple division material groups involves understanding nature groups relate material divided according inherent nature convenience attempting classifications advantages system taxonomy foremost facilitates communication educators problem area educators found words defining terms differently accepted classification system eliminates problems communication large degree agree talking advantage taxonomy purely descriptive implicit categories system bad educators agree categories overused teachers need categories advantage taxonomy basis selecting criteria evaluation evaluation accountability word legislators public evaluation teaching answer system helps explain goals education facilitation planning fourth advantage teachers means sequencing tasks assessing relative weight level evaluating goals learning strategies selected
stated objectives purpose focus preparing lesson plans daily instruction obvious daily lesson likely fits larger scheme things referred unit visualize lesson plan single piece puzzle unit completed today children working identifying characteristics mammals tomorrow involved comparing mammals kinds animals possibly involve field trip local zoo children point examples mammals daily activities facilitate unit instruction mammals establishing unit critical focal point objectives teaching unit terms mechanical preparation lesson plan thing regarding unit identify stated call study mammals simply mammals finally describing identifying larger unit lesson belongs affords opportunity think lesson plan fits seldom teachers teach isolated lessons try sequence learning experiences logically organized statement unit part daily lesson plan reminds fact interested additional material area excellent resources planning unit level include davies popham baker preparation goals objectives chapter won discuss detail
content involves intend teach section lesson plan organized things intend say presenting information topic lecture outline sort activity list key points intend communicate students minimum content section checklist material taught arranged order teach teachers mark items outline procedure save students deal misunderstanding confusion prepared carefully put content section lesson plan answer depends individual needs teachers need point point outline key words phrases suffice critical factor organize presentation material finally thinking content lesson walk room ask teaching respond describing content section lesson plan content section list intend teach section intend teach point wide range strategies lecture technique experienced number content education courses devoted providing variety alternatives select teaching strategies procedures section considered set directions instructions present lesson
ms morton working class past weeks geometric shapes today lesson focused circles begin lesson gave students rulers string handout number circles shown figure addition handout circles passed sheet looked figure began lesson asking class remembers call line bd susie think called radius susie remembers defined term radius kevin distance center circle tell line abc called juan called diameter line end circle passes center circle column handout word circumference mean jody distance circle measure ruler sarah wouldn curves put string measure string afterward ruler excellent remembered geometric shapes today re going find things circles want measure circles handout put measurements charts re finished talk class measuring circles ms morton handed
step developing effective questioning techniques increase amount student participation redirection help accomplish task technique involves framing single question responses receiving responses students accomplish task completed overview presidents think greatest american chief executive tom abraham lincoln sally woodrow wilson joe george washington notice teacher respond discuss students replies simply original question increases student participation eliminating domination discussion student participation members class shown variable affecting attention achievement sequence pay close attention ways teacher question mentioned presidents believe think yes betty think lincoln able hold country washington country started david think wilson peace problems mark add strong courage fight believed
happens ask student question fails reply responds incorrectly generally teachers move student order maintain interest momentum student unable respond confused psychologically removed discussion stressed desirability total involvement deal students answer questions responses wrong sequence teacher student deals problem regarding discussion international power patterns pattern equal arms scale demonstrate pause pat pat confused respond idea don let look scale object ounces tray ounces equal equal weight teacher nods equal weights tray happens balance fine let suppose weight represents countries groups basically opposed equal strength power balanced demonstration represents pattern power balance power pattern demonstrates technique referred prompting involves hints clues aid student responding successfully method employed response incorrect
asking motive type question simple straight forward approach deals students attempting determine behavior motives influence behavior behavior equally effective analysis question deals forces alter behavior spot key word sequence established basic motives impeded progress genetic adaptation happened change peoples minds persuaded accept consider theory pause jane generally held scientific community educated public accepted darwin theories scientific community think answer simply darwin presented overwhelming amount evidence skeptics longer afford skeptical going call science general populace bill think combination things surely jane impact educated think sign times talks age enlightened casting medieval dogma feel support ready expand minds chuck want add think overlooked guess call social persuasion simply ignorant true educated wouldn want left post chuck valid point think bit support reactions bill statement seen motives persuasive techniques deal behavior
let look common recognition item multiple choice format purpose discuss detail incorrect inappropriate choices listed multiple choice item multiple choice items efficient method measuring forms knowledge saw nouns recall definition measured let look analysis measuring comprehension concepts consider lesson chapter hyperbole page hyperbole concept noted earlier efficient method measuring students understanding concept identify examples course noun concept saw measured variety levels let look items designed measure students comprehension hyperbole statement hyperbole shoe rock night bright eyes shone inky blackness sad cried river statement hyperbole town large boys rode bikes susan looks mother sad cried river items correct choice item item looking item detail choice simile choice metaphor choice personification choice hyperbole choices figures speech learner hyperbole figures speech order answer item correctly
previous section discussed nature norm criterion test scores score establishes student relationship group reflects performance regard predetermined standard cases scores measurement function teacher data regarding success planned objectives implementation unit study assignment grades evaluation function teacher responsibility judgments based test scores data concerned student standing group teachers frequently employ normal curve students interested exploring curves central tendencies statistics referred smith adams curve appropriately group large diversified measurements lending group case teacher expect percent percent bs percent cs percent ds percent fs obvious system students fail large number average teachers uncomfortable normal curve lack flexibility interested comparing students group teachers frequently employ eyeball method calls exercise judgment determining clusters grades breaks clusters method set scores horizontal line examine procedure shown figure yield grades highest score figure teachers assigned grade
knowledge progress critical teachers monitor strengths weaknesses student regarding specific objective turn serves guide course indicator student likely strong area ready move ahead engage enrichment exercises help peer difficulty material letter grade shows original instruction met student need additional alternative strategies materials needed advance student acceptable level performance grades provide feedback highly positive successful nature serve incentive motivational factor research devoted mastery learning highly success oriented method instruction increased numbers students mastery environments making increases cognitive achievement research focusing success factor fostering additional successful experiences mastery learning show negative feedback promote learning undertaken nonthreatening fashion words feedback need positive form grade grades provide feedback parents students wide range institutional needs number factors basis grouping students grade truly reflects achievement legitimate information assigning students math reading groups elementary level advanced specialized courses high school level needless say grades school systems promote students grade level graduate students levels system
past decades elementary school physical education curriculum profoundly influenced changing philosophy elementary education federal laws regulations developments content teaching strategies physical education major trends discussed paragraphs illustrate factors shaping future elementary school physical education curriculum significant trends affecting subject area elementary school curriculum shift individualized personalized forms instruction form teaching environment sets stage successful personal encounter ideas facts feelings expressed freely openly environment learning activities integrate personal interests students goals school schmuck schmuck physical education means longer teach according predetermined goals exclusively choose types physical activities program formal method instruction means shift group paced instruction process teaching shared enterprise learner teacher national trend profound effect physical education title ix educational amendments physical education means child equal opportunity participate physical activities instructional intramural program implication major change boys girls elementary grade taught selection activities choice instructional methods determined small measure grouping procedure
basic laws concepts principles affect performance movements body laws gravity affect balance adjustment position moving human body living machine converts food energy expends energy movement human body optimum condition moved accordance principles force motion expenditure energy proportionate task individual fails adjust laws motion force expend energy fail achieve maximum results difficult teachers studied science human movement understand important mechanical principles human movement understand important concepts principles concerning balance force motion levers able apply teaching skills movement patterns information chapter provide classroom teachers basic understanding mechanics human movement contributes ease efficiency forms physical movement stability ability body maintain stationary position perform purposeful movements resisting force gravity consideration law gravity natural force pulls center earth important stability gravitational pull occurs center weight mass object applied human body center gravity point weight equally distributed directions human body balance forces acting equal
fundamental locomotor skills foundation developing everyday utilitarian safety skills building blocks specialized skills involved games dance gymnastic activities locomotor skills illustrated section discussion skill includes mechanical principles involved proper execution common faults suggested activities skills treated similarly locomotor skills walking running leaping jumping hopping represent skeleton child begins develop complex movement skills skipping sliding galloping combinations skills separate locomotor skills walking transfer weight foot moving forward backward foot contact floor arm swings forward left leg left arm moves forward leg fig walking continuous process gaining losing balance means base support established step stability directly related size base support wide base illustrated produce weaving gait causing body move side side foot directly front base support narrow making difficult maintain balance suitable placement edges feet fall straight line allowing center gravity shift directly base support preventing unnecessary swaying movements body rest remain rest acted external force inertia overcome step
multiple teaching unit actually units taught words games dance gymnastic activities taught alternate days indefinite period illustrate kindergarten activities chart include games monday gymnastics tuesday dance wednesday singing games representing dance thursday start rotation case rotation system modified similar activities days row advantages approach variety activities flexibility kindergarten grade classes cope short attention spans olds facilities equipment determine method adopted reasons selecting multiple unit teacher sure games dance gymnastic activities amount emphasis suggested primary grades modified teaching unit block allocated primarily instruction type activity dance emphasized percent week period remaining percent devoted games gymnastic activities page let assume grade class thirty minute physical education period gymnasium week unit dance activities taught monday tuesday thursday friday wednesday set gymnastics outdoor games method continuity variety paw paw patch introduced monday repeated tuesday basic skills dance patterns learned later tuesday lesson introduced
drop shoulder knock knees flat feet examined family physician corrective exercises prescribed child perform exercises regular physical education period special remedial classes numerous exercises improve functional problems contained reference books original kraus survey continuous problem physical education profession define exact meaning physical fitness inclusive definitions physical fitness representative group american alliance health physical education recreation statement generally agreed members physical education profession fitness characterizes degree person able function fitness individual matter implies ability person live effectively potential ability function depends physical mental emotional social components fitness related mutually interdependent elementary education teachers agree definition say contribute general areas fitness classroom general agreement physical education physical fitness aspect total fitness definition guidance aspects fitness stressed physical education program describe physically fit child possesses adequate strength endurance carry daily activities undue fatigue sufficient energy enjoy leisure activities meet emergencies definition applies child interpreted basis genetic structure sets optimum level physical fitness capable reaching
minor adjustments establishment basic rules safety procedures classroom physical activities large unobstructed space required physical activity move desks chairs safe quiet efficient manner designating teams rows type classroom grouping creating contest group finishes greatly speeds procedure classrooms vary course amount free space type furniture acceptable noise levels suggestions relating safety noise carefully considered introducing physical activity classroom provide opportunities member class participate physical activity game activities suggested section present greatest problem break class separate playing groups groups playing charades modify game increase individual total class participation essential remove pencils materials tops desks children sharp corners edges safety procedures permitting running alternate rows noise seriously disturb adjacent classrooms translated simple clearly understood rules virtually classroom differs respect acceptable noise levels basic rules help noise problem control applies noise classroom sound penetrates walls ventilation system classrooms games contests modify verbal comments require hand clapping team class yells lower volume called dance activities
games elementary school children played singles doubles players games played school recess school trend individualized teaching individual partner games popular regular instructional period taught regular class period children opportunity learn basic skills rules activities addition basic fundamentals advanced games handball paddle tennis introduced systematically finally inventive games approach easily applied activities games listed pages familiar elementary school children adequate space equipment supplies game explained demonstrated entire class play instances teachers equipment type lesson format organization method instruction deal problem films teaching games primary children teaching games intermediate children appendix illustrate station technique let assume grade class knows play chair bowling square teacher wishes introduce beanbag horseshoes barnyard golf lesson minutes lesson teacher assigns team station illustrated demonstration beanbag horseshoes barnyard golf team allowed play assigned game game played minutes teacher asks class stop return original equipment original position rotate station
trapping stopping ball moving air rolling ground part body hands arms trap ball type trap player depends flight ball position opponents amount trapper upper elementary school children able perform trapping skills foot trap trap rolling bouncing ball ball approaches player raises foot inches ground toes form ground sole foot fig ball makes contact sole foot relax let ball lose recoil action remain beneath foot fig side foot trap manner front foot trap main difference direction ball approaches player raises leg slightly inside foot ball ball strikes foot relaxes absorb force ball allowing drop recoil forward fig leg trap ball approaching high volley low bounce ball approaches player shifts weight foot nearest oncoming ball trapping leg bent angle foot ground ball makes contact leg give prevent ball rebounding forward fig shin trap easiest trapping skills foot trap
problems teaching football skills similar found teaching basketball softball boys ten eleven olds throw spiral pass punt ball elucidate advantages single double wing formation children thrown kicked football equal opportunities girls considered girls enjoy throwing catching football playing lead games chapter cultural patterns generally denied girls opportunity play football understanding skill developed boys major differences level skill grade suggested sequence presenting skills provide basic guideline elementary school situations basic throwing catching skills learned primary grades main task fourth graders learn throw catch oblong type ball introduced major skills playing strategies taught sixth grades children grades learn throw ball moving receiver learn ways passing ball simple play patterns teaching flag touch football activities presents major problems upper elementary school classes stated earlier football mainly boy activity mixed classes girls games play boys enjoyed touch flag football girls enjoy football activities participate practice activities lead games modifications cope differences skill levels previous football experience
skill development official track field events dependent performer potential inherent ability amount type previous training taking factors consideration suggested sequence skills shown chart provided rough guideline type activity improvement individual events simply accumulation skills sequential addition skills improvement form general conditioning fourth grade important starting point track field skills correct starting positions sprints distance running introduced children grade develop reasonable skill standing running jump high jump scissors method remaining track field skills introduced grade youngsters interested capable learning baton passing high jumping straddle method putting shot major increase skill performance levels track field events children grade learn triple jump continue improve form performance events important factors considered planning track field unit important children experience enjoyment challenge events allowed concentrate events enjoy means teacher introduce children early track field events child select number events extensive practice major consideration cope space equipment equipment children practice event station
program british columbia typical cooperative program school district local recreation agency school district contracts local park recreation department provide swimming lessons grade children swimming facilities elementary schools instructional program offered adjacent park swimming pools june large percentage pools shallow water family type pools ideal beginning swimmer facilities schools district able offer swimming lessons children kindergarten grade budget staff schools offer program local park recreation department red cross water safety program swimming classification system lesson format examination procedures department dissatisfied program formal approach emphasis final test pupil instances children failed fearful disappointed feeling sense accomplishment department aquatic staff discussed program school personnel observed physical education classes schools emphasized creative exploratory approaches teaching physical education workshops seminars held plan experimental program june main purpose direction program contained statements presented school authorities parents park recreation department provide positive learning situation child program utilize continuous evaluation measure child progress test days children progress rates spared high pressure comparisons peers
shoulder wrestling partners kneel side side hands locked backs shoulders touching signal losing contact shoulders partners attempt push balance variations change position hands extended overhead holding knees repeat shoulder wrestling parallel floor repeat shoulder wrestling players holding large utility basketball elbow wrestling partners kneel elbows mat holding hands left forearms contact mat signal taking elbows mat partner attempt push hands mat variations change hands repeat stunt allow players hands repeat elbow wrestling players knees mat leg air leg wrestling partners lie backs facing opposite directions signal raise inside legs knees crossed position partner tries force opponent leg mat variations repeat stunt keeping leg mat try modify part stunt difficult fun performer going players sit side side arms linked signal player tries force roll backward players allowed touch floor free hands variations leg mat repeat stunt place hand head grasp partner hand head repeat stunt think hold inside hands repeat stunt push war draw lines twenty thirty feet players stand center line place hands shoulders
exciting philippine folk dance depicting movements bird similar appearance crane heron flamingo dance bird moves persons sit floor manipulate foot bamboo poles attempt trap bird legs poles feet blocks wood players holding bamboo poles slide boards strike count counts lift poles inch boards open foot tap boards musical accompaniment waltz meter distinct strike tap tap rhythm dance basic steps performed individually combination children learn perform stepping movements soon develop combinations routines suggested records films side step fig dancers begin standing position facing hands hips opposite sides poles dancer left side closest pole rhythm step performed poles hit steps inside poles tapped blocks rhythm pattern step step step left step step step basic side step learned variations attempted dancers side pole moving join hands opposite sides poles
creativity according jack wiener exist abstract creative teaching teachers want children able feel express ideas movement want creative child imaginative creative vocabulary words concepts ideas child express creative movement vocabulary movement skills awareness forms internal external stimuli task enhancing child creative process twofold recognize level cognitive motor development age group teaching primary children limited vocabulary capacity abstract thinking ideas small demonstrate imitation attempts creative movements boys girls intermediate grades acquired rich vocabulary interest exploring abstract ideas capacity carry ideas movement vocabulary expanded basic locomotor skills personal reservoirs numerous complex movement skills motor patterns task enhancing creative process develop approach format encourage child develop creative ideas express movement chapter provide approach begin discussion movements body laban movement classification system lesson plans provided illustrate creative movements built movements body efforts qualities movement space directional patterns dance movement relationship dancers
drum ask class low ball shape positions give signal begin rise slowly ending form stretched position pointing upward backward sideward repeat rise fast drum tell rise shape desire beat drum slow beat change beat faster tempo begin collapsing standing position repeat times drum children rise turning fashion beat slow steady pulse observe comment look movements select children demonstrate shyness initially children experiencing type dance lesson drum repeat similar movements ask children begin original position lift heavy object upward fashion high stress slowness strength force exerted point movements performed answer challenges drum attempt build sequence movements involving elements partner group central theme body actions emphasizing running body shapes subthemes emphasizing strong light quick slow movements drum review elements stressed lesson pointing running leaping shapes quick slow strong light ask children develop series movements includes run twisted shape quick slow providing initial structure child regardless inhibitions free spirit common class explore
begin understand significance activity event examine degree significant fair assumption read book physical education sport play athletics label want pin experience significant factor lives occurred home emphasized sports physical education teacher strong impression love affair gymnastics swimming successful athletic experience experience showed clearly degree young lives touched context physical activity setting camp swimming club elementary playground high school athletic field strong continuous theme text activities pursued context programs referred sport physical education potentially provide meaning participants meaning sufficient justify inclusion activity educational program term meaning vital part argument presented part iv text attempt persuade entertain view physical education makes sense approached play education nice provide clear concise definition meaning play basketball part define skilled backpacker find source meaning doors helps sustain lifetime meaning easily certainly biological antecedents sense play appears important form behavior species including homo sapiens
roman empire evidence widespread interest sport games romans interested vigorous physical exercise boxing running jumping dancing gradual decline fall roman empire ultimate defeat visigoths fertile ground sports historian sport sociologist link rise professional sport united states rise professional sport roman empire suggested fall roman empire ushered period emphasis granted systematic programs physical education doubt lowest ebb sports games history especially items significant cultural importance renaissance physical education considered important evidenced writings philosophers educational theorists gradually worked formal programs education renaissance age enlightenment industrial revolution physical education solidified important topic educational theory practice europe philosophers practitioners rousseau pestalozzi ling provided theoretical practical basis systems physical education hundred elements thinking evidence concepts physical education form subject matter text harold ray provided excellent summary rich intriguing history sport games early inhabitants americas begin comprehend central importance ball games cultures learn javelins rackets begin sense seriousness competition joy participants intrigued similarities differences games scratch surface historical importance physical activity settings peoples earlier inhabitants lands call
discussion history physical education united states refers kinds programs eventually developed called physical education twentieth century names programs conducted varied physical activity body training physical training military training gymnastics calisthenics hygiene physical culture physical fitness sports games recreation health education athletics sports education movement education physical education focused activity employed method instruction connected schools supported religious organizations ethnic societies interwoven historically development physical education important recognize term physical education special historical sense signifying program related development contemporary programs physical education close nineteenth century interest education united states considerable theories practices european educators rousseau pestalozzi beginning affect seriously course american education physical educators concerned moving uniform program physical education development physical education profession programs choose competition arthur weston book making american physical education called appropriately period battle systems period change ferment united states activity industry society matched advances field physical education
educational models schools america prior leaned heavily classical concepts education schools supposedly repository higher forms culture highly academic puritanism laissez faire capitalism classical learning provided main themes schools process education emanated schools formal discipline considered important social academic purposes punishments meted regularly fiercely industrial revolution sufficiently entrenched american society began impact seriously classical form american education main avenue impact felt social reform large numbers immigrants arrived america search end sweatshops poverty romantic notions laissez faire capitalism women considered unlimited opportunity moderated skills ambitions dispelled puritan concepts questioned general influence conservative religious thought evident growing sense social consciousness appeared sectors american society true education goals social development considered important mental development clear major avenue social reform occur america public schools look nineties sense awakening social conscience growing belief incredible suffering fault inevitable lot sufferers certainly alleviated road alleviation charity revolution analysis education
phi delta issue devoted athletics louis alley president suggested bad character occur participation athletics issue jack daugherty physical educator trained nash suggested question degree participation athletics automatically builds character doubt americans outstanding character participated athletics feel sincerely participation beneficial development balanced views reflect growing sensitivity statements effects athletics accordance known effects research understanding potential athletic environments produce suggest character personality behavior occur participation athletic environment ridiculous suggesting occur simply coming contact environment ingredients needed substantial behavior change potentially present athletic environments coaches young women small groups periods situation dominant behavioral environment champion swimmers dominant athletic environment hours days athlete identifies coach behavior change certainly occur concept explained psychological framework snyder snyder speaking question degree behavior traits socialized athletic environment diffuse aspects young athlete physical education sports develop traits diffuse roles socialization process involve aspects expressive relationship teacher pupil
mid winter write viewing area week basketball games televised high school game games college games addition basketball usual assortment golf hockey gymnastics autoracing boxing bowling telecasts refuse include celebrity challenge battle sexes litany believe sport madison avenue prostitution sport won televised games tonight going attend home game university team night managed game weekly recreational league hard ignore presence sport american society today pervasive interest sport culture interpreted differently scholars veblen classic theory leisure class predicted growth leisure conspicuous consumption view interest sport hand evidence decadence disintegration society wasn leisure considered pursuits michael hand joy sports argued sport represents highest form civilization sure sign ultimate stages cultural evolution doubt agree positions extremes scholars agree cultures evolve interesting speculate current interest sport means cultural evolution america ancient greece rome rise sport america eventual downfall civilization entering golden age
recent increase philosophical speculation analysis sport physical education philosophical research likely fall headings speculative philosophy normative philosophy analytical philosophy speculative philosophy refers extrapolations limits scientific knowledge attempt explain origins play human behavior normative method philosophy refers general statements guide practical activity effort physical education curriculum elementary schools based philosophy analytical method deals clarification words concepts especially ordinary language conceptual definition sport term fitness writings charles hoped efforts area normative philosophy provide important links discipline movement perceive clearly profession physical education efforts occur stimulate thinking camps provide opportunity needed debate interaction unfortunately interest shown camp providing normative philosophical analyses fourth force cited generally refers personal interpretation experience relies perception insight opposed contemplative speculation systematic data collection phenomenologists content merely describe experience basic datum major ingredient philosophical analysis phenomenologists basic datum personal experience attempt discover structures human experience general statements large proportion growing literature philosophy sport phenomenological nature
period college university physical education characterized era discipline profession controversy speaking joint convention larry locke noted depth struggle persistence contest separated nearly college physical education groups conflicting loyalty hostile camps saddest kind human civil strife pitted colleague colleague paper war action real losses genuine colleges professional organizations hearts physical education stands house divided noted passed professional preparation prior highly deserving criticism physical education developed glowing rhetoric growth establishment education physical approach analyzed going school programs physical education knew reality match rhetoric analyzed professional preparation programs physical educators embarrassed lack substance professional training model undergraduate level model consisted skill courses host methods courses entitled teaching introduction course general methods courses aimed elementary secondary levels course exercise physiology catch course organization administration summing course entitled principles student teaching experience reasons unhappy model methods courses based empirical research grounded theory learning behavior represented suggestions experienced teachers methods worked
exactly human movement important concept american physical education difficult determine fact interesting important topic historian physical education investigate movement united states directly imported england unanswered question late concept human movement began significant professional physical education literature sure leaders thinking writing significance human movement eleanor influential leaders published article entitled dimension physical education article statement today finds considerable acceptance basic definition define totally educated person fully developed ability utilize constructively potential capacities person relation lives define physically educated person fully developed ability utilize constructively potential capacities movement expressing exploring developing interpreting relationship lives shortly colleague began devise theory human movement intellectual content formed discipline grow elementary physical education methods textbook halsey porter effort fit movement education traditional american program physical education faculty university california los attempted define clarify body knowledge human movement organize undergraduate curriculum based concept
gallup poll recently number americans exercise daily basis doubled largest amount increase attributable vast numbers americans took running swimming cycling forms exercise increased visible aspect exercise renaissance distance running americans jog run regularly number minimum miles accumulated amount mileage takes persons dilettante group means committed running mind poll conducted adult exercise patterns excluding millions school age boys girls participate track cross country teams competitive racing adults risen dramatically past marathon statistics cited earlier merely scratch surface local entrepreneur organize meter race putting posters local stores guaranteed runners show advertise local papers local radio start races longer uncommon larger cities ran recent kilometer race atlanta considerable disagreement runner differences jogging running obviously discernible terms minutes mile number miles accumulated week month editor widely read running magazine thinks distinction hinge motivation participation run want lose weight don want die heart attack jogger
current movements part iii running movement element overkill rhetoric developed running religion benefits derived therefrom overestimated considerably physical educators careful claims benefits running especially psychological outcomes running person physiologically hopefully soon learn potential relationships regular exercise longevity running absolute guarantee encounter heart disease die heart attack psychological benefits careful promoting claims substantiated hoped physical educators health educators learn running movement clearly strong play element running closely tied social benefits discovery benefits running enormous obligation playful elements disappear likely psychological implications foremost mind organic benefits achieved extremely short lived students develop exercise habits based social psychological factors organic factors broadest sense major problem trying fit running movement fitness perspective distance running roadracing participants sport activity health obligation sport derives play play largest sense activity motivating extrinsic reasons
apparent educational scene programs derive outward bound model outward bound developed intense residential experience character development emphasized natural activities wilderness settings stress present competition environment performance encouraged problems encountered graded difficulty ensure success success ability predisposition accept challenge physical fitness important safety wilderness sport skills learned groups formed heterogeneous nature group processing activities integral part total experience experience terminated solo cases means excursion wilderness skill imagination companions outward bound programs school levels colleges universities model freshman orientation device offer elective physical education program high schools week week special course likely elective unit skills knowledges acquired practiced school regular school week consecutive week ends utilized practice skills experience group living aspects program wilderness setting emphasized kind program format tends emphasize psychological goals experiential education type program common outdoor pursuits model academic area marine biology integrated physical education skills scuba diving unit culminated trip academic physical education skills put
idea physical education perceived form play education meet amount opposition profession physical education attempting justify programs physical educators traditionally theoretical backs wall developed conditional terms generally play physical educator idea programs considered frivolous non academic childish play misunderstood thought terms spontaneous carefree play young child suggests attempt recapture play spirit images carefree exuberant children immediately conjured apprehensions misunderstandings eliminated public professional alike recognize controlled intensity skilled gymnast manifestation play impulse exuberance child tumbling backyard things need understood play gain recognition deserves clear person play important part describe play non misleading incorrect presumes judgment parts play completely disregards obvious seriousness player judgments implied term frivolous implying play opposite economically unproductive carried special real connotations judgments damaging culture puritan culture tend label economically unproductive frivolous
novice players left inevitably teacher ask question rules line begin ask questions strategy skills advance begin inquiries equipment complex strategies role behaviors history things play players characterizes players gain knowledge pause court field watch contest moments studying techniques style player beginning view play point view player full aficionados youngsters sat argued relative merits terry bradshaw roger youngsters sat hours hot summer nights arguing relative merits willie mays mickey mantle budding tennis players watched magic chris backhand rushed try aspiring gymnasts emulated olga sport heroes heroines provide folklore mythology part play acquisition kind knowledge growing capability behave manner consistent role expectations play environment contribute socialization player turn greatly contributes person tendency approach subject matter growing affection begin incorporate activity style sense knowledge acquisition development play related social behavior help socialize students worlds play known loved
physical educators possess high levels skill sports tennis gymnastics find increasing job market private sector leisure industry training physical educator provide basis kind vocation tennis instructor private club program instruction design age group programs administer events tournaments teach act resource person matters training injury undergraduate physical education programs move field based teacher education model students extensive experiences schools agencies entire spectrum preparation program early experiences help students decide level want teach want prepare public school private sector middle level experiences help understand problems prospects chosen fields extensive teaching experience provided levels preservice physical educator preparing full student teaching experience culminate undergraduate portion training end total training job increasingly viewed extension preparation slightly reduced teaching loads supervision physical educator receives permanent certification master degree programs common help prepare specialized roles wilderness sports outdoor education hour institutions exercise programming movement therapy host endeavors programs terminal degree programs study ph level tend decrease foreseeable future states adopt coaching certification standards open entirely market college university physical educators
american alliance health physical education recreation dance emphasizes need individualized instruction aimed assisting young find physically traditionally athletics tended develop varsity competitors entertainment physically inept society contrast book written help discover physical resources written especially win championship team merely spectator deserve opportunity develop skills fitness adequate full abundant capabilities limitations understand values exercise chance regular participant physical fitness sports activities attitudes learned personal experiences attitudes formed early difficult change likely brought environment constantly seeking easier style minimal physical exertion need regular exercise ingredient health theme book simply reading book need actually involved physically realize understand purpose physical fitness willing involved programs suggested book truly going physically fit developing individualized conditioning program gain insight physiological operation body active participation reinforce learn reading broadly enhance sense reinforce positive health behaviors areas aim book provide guidelines positive successful physical fitness experience
blood fluid flows circulatory system aqueous medium slurry blood cells foodstuffs minerals gases substances vital proper functioning body blood transports nutrients foods oxygen tissues tissues carries cellular waste products distributes heat generated activities cell approximately percent blood volume composed primarily red blood cells white blood cells platelets remainder liquid called plasma red blood cells composed iron protein molecules called hemoglobin hemoglobin combines readily oxygen carbon dioxide situation demands easily give molecules plasma complex liquid consisting food minerals hormones chemical substances needed cells coordinating regulating cellular functions artery elastic vessel carries blood heart vein returns blood heart tissues systemic circulation blood vessels heart lungs arteries carry oxygen nutrients tissue cells body cells receive fuel oxygen thin walled structures called capillaries distributed tissues body carbon dioxide end products picked tissues carried veins atrium heart heart beats constantly pumps blood body approximately beats minute beats circulates gallons blood powerful muscular pump fails assume won climb flight stairs skeletal muscles relax heart keeps beating
human beings need oxygen live ability body utilize oxygen depends functional efficiency cardiorespiratory system lungs heart blood vessels tissues vigorous activity exercising muscles increased amounts oxygen produce amounts carbon dioxide largest amount oxygen consume minute called maximal oxygen uptake maximal referred aerobic capacity functional measure physical fitness maximum effort exert prolonged period limited ability deliver oxygen active tissues theoretically higher oxygen uptake increased ability heart pump blood lungs ventilate larger volumes air muscle cells oxygen remove waste products regular vigorous exercise produce training effect increase aerobic capacity percent precise amount increase depends status intensity duration training program laboratory body ability oxygen measured exercise figure common instrument regulating load treadmill motor driven belt constructed speed angle incline adjustable perform test walks runs belt treadmill test referred graded exercise test exercise tolerance test subject volume expired air measured samples air analyzed oxygen carbon dioxide content analysis biochemical recently electronic methods
measurement evaluation important everyday lives determining status basics weigh miles gallon gasoline product needs college professor rate teacher short continuously measure evaluate facets daily living objective physical fitness test evaluate physical fitness tests suggested chapter easily administered successful rating physical fitness women success testing program depends careful accurate administration selected tests tried proper testing procedures basic purpose test mentioned previously natural curious compare hoped results give greater insight physical strengths weaknesses information help develop plan individualized physical fitness program chapters training guidelines developing personalized physical fitness program major emphasis cardiorespiratory health presented need improving maintaining desirable body shape adequate strength muscular endurance flexibility stressed knowledge present physical fitness status test results assist establishing beginning point program doubt physical fitness begin program lowest level recommended adjust upward progress program effective physical activity program maintaining fitness
equally important principle adaptations training specific actual muscles integrated systems stimulated exercise show training adaptations endurance type training walking running improve cardiorespiratory fitness strengthen musculature legs contrast lifting weights improve strength endurance muscles actively involved mind importance balanced program running known detrimental rear leg thigh muscle flexibility stretching exercises needed offset loss flexibility chapter primary concern training cardiorespiratory fitness principles guidelines chapter apply fitness training flexibility strength muscular endurance programs components extensive explanations follow later chapters research devoted determining amount exercise needed reasonable gains physical fitness abundance information ways train lack standardized methods reporting difficult recommend training procedure agreed physical conditioning procedures involve factors intensity duration frequency type exercise prime importance aware role factor relationship present health physical capabilities order improve cardiorespiratory muscular fitness vigorous overload conditioning physical activity programs exercise heart rate increases energy requirement oxygen uptake reason exercise heart rate simple measure determining exercise intensity levels study young yielded minimum figure increase heart rate
regular adherence vigorous exercise program reach maintain adequate level physical fitness don limit exercise physical education classes weekend recreational activities fitness workouts part regular controlled exercise week provide abundant energy additional weekend recreational activities enjoyable surprisingly found daily workouts improve cardiorespiratory fitness average physical fitness attained regular workouts times week mind improvements aspects physical fitness continue months wise allow initial weeks adaptation clear recommendation based assumption eventually conditioning workouts hr reserve intensity period minutes programs adherence vigorous physical fitness program days week yielded physiological psychological benefits participants activities low intensity short duration produce low levels improvement relative values activities improving physical fitness depend physiological intensity required golf bowling archery softball develop maintain physical fitness activities fun provide physiological stimulus developing maintaining fitness similar reasons frisbee backyard badminton recommended suitable fitness activities simply require physical effort vigorous continuous rhythmic activities brisk walking running cycling swimming rowing cross country skiing aerobic dancing excellent development physical fitness activities involve movement entire body force heart beat rhythmical rate high produce training effect
sequence exercises combination conventional newer yoga type exercises yoga involves holding static position posture period posture puts muscles connective tissues stretched greatest length static stretching method called proved effective bouncy movements exercising impose sudden strains muscles involved bobbing reflexes actually oppose desired stretching wise bob bounce exercises stretch slowly careful stretch muscles point tension slight moderate discomfort especially rapid movements lead injury leg stretching exercises repeated main exercise bout routinely cool phase workout walking cycling especially running rate low flexibility development fact daily running bad effects muscles legs runners experience abnormal tightening muscles thigh lead strength imbalances causing injuries running muscles especially muscles legs need stretched workout distance running requires small range movements leg muscles repeatedly sustained period tend tight definite need stretch large leg muscles regularly exercises primarily developed stretching conditioning workout suggest constantly think stretching stretch chance familiar main muscles need stretching easily exercises stand sit
review basic principle exercise workload tax sufficiently going reap training benefits low level physical condition walking initially provide exercise stimulus ago tested obese student walked treadmill speed mph heart rate response workload abnormally high task beats minute overweight condition expending calories minute high caloric cost walking young walking strenuous task provided sufficient load start training program purpose provide exercise stress brisk walking rate adjustment walking workouts determine readiness proceed run walk run program suggestions poor physical condition prior inactivity overweight condition start walking normal easy gait steady pace cover mile accustomed walking try increase distance walk miles continuously check pulse rate end walking bout find pulse elevated recommended hr reserve level alright don want ligament joint problems accustomed walking increase walking speed higher exercise heart rate want
dozens exercise devices market today useless developing maintaining physical fitness dr william haskell exercise physiologist preventive medicine stanford university medical school observed candidly buy home exercise device hoping exercising easy happen item ends basement closet opportunities regularly equipment stationary bikes rowing machines remote young adult opportunities run swim cycle cardiorespiratory fitness desire principles stressed book apply sure exercise device exercise large muscle groups continuously rhythmically rigorous elevate heart rate target level equipment vigorous challenge body key stimulus started devices provide reasonable alternative diversion walker runner swimmer cyclist summary access indoor devices desire basic principles presented chapter easy adapt indoor workout cover specifics activities recently popularized fitness developers rope skipping aerobic dance cross country skiing recently rope skipping proposed beneficial exercise developing maintaining cardiorespiratory endurance quoted study makes claim minutes rope skipping equivalent minutes jogging individual searching convenient inexpensive form exercise appears news basic simple physiological facts questions claim
interval training efficient saving training program improvement positive program capacity anaerobic exercise enhanced overload principle applied regulated stress body severely wishes part workout timed regulated individually definite interval decreased activity planned exercise bout running common form interval training overload regulated tempo speed runs amount rest interval distance running effort number repetitions increase overload increasing tempo decreasing rest interval increasing number repetitions increasing distance run changing regulating factors changing increase exercise workload running mode exercise show set interval training program exercise workload determined present fitness level ability recuperate run generally interval program emphasizes repetitions distance tempo pace beginners experienced runners wish improve running run mile rigid control speeds runs rest intervals needed improve training type requires motivated runner accept challenge stopwatch tolerate physical discomfort general intensity exercise bouts produce maximal pulse rates recovery interval pulse rate allowed decrease beats minute exercise bout repeated
endurance type training involves phases phase build average daily mileage increased phase level adapt increased level training phase represents tapering major effort demanded race reduce training mileage week race rested actual competition important progressively increase mileage important pay attention type mileage run week weekly mileage pace faster hr reserve going run distances half marathon full marathon fourth weekly mileage covered workouts miles week workout miles wise alternate hard training easy physical training actually tears body weaken fortunately body uncanny ability adapt stress proper recovery span reaching higher exercise tolerance don overlook importance rest alternating hard training days easy workout days week needed rest body increase mileage safely increase weekly mileage percent week fourth week training wise reduce mileage percent previous week total increase mileage previous week total desired continue progressive percent mileage increase
growing recognition importance nutrition led need basic goals practical guides individual follow committee nutrition human needs published report focusing health concerns related eating patterns average american considering scientific concerns group recommended dietary goals report generated widespread interest controversy stated composition diet changed radically recent complex carbohydrates fruit vegetables grain products previously mainstay diet replaced increased consumption fat refined sugars regarded detrimental health fat sugar increased ingestion cholesterol salt alcohol related ten leading death united states report recommends dietary goals represent prudent eating habits guidelines food selection preparation guidelines listed avoid overweight consume energy calories expended overweight decrease energy intake increase energy expenditure theme chapter increase eating complex carbohydrates naturally occurring sugars fruits vegetables grains decrease consumption refined processed sugars percent total energy intake reduce consumption fat percent energy intake reduce saturated fat consumption percent balance polyunsaturated liquid fats reduce cholesterol consumption mg limit intake sodium reducing intake salt grams
fitness walking running important buy pair sturdy shoes fit properly running shoes suitable walking fine shoes today soles strong heel counter cautious called running shoes sell bargain prices poor quality blisters shin part bargain bet buy shoes reputable sporting goods store purchase quality shoes wise investment properly training shoe function support foot able absorb shock protect injury shoes fit properly comfortable buy check built illustration moment familiar parts shoe bottom shoe makes contact ground durable flexible lightweight material common types waffle ripple cross ridges wedge portion shoe outer sole heel reduces shock heel helps weight forward soft portion shoe foot rests heel counter inflexible molded material cradles heel prevent rotation lateral slippage heel toe cap designed give toes room move help prevent blisters upper material covering upper part shoe nylon preferred foxing additional material added strategic places give added support looks shoe measurements size standing end feet slightly larger
teachers reading accept idea major aspect reading process comprehension facets reading instruction put proper perspective decoding print sound decoding graphic representative language meaning examples deal important perspectives illustrate basic aspects reading presented earlier ab se bo sem represents series speech sounds frequently heard english familiar sounds represented letter combinations say correct sounds intonation patterns correctly saying sounds meet requirement reading major aspects reading missing agreement meaning speech sounds order found comprehension written language missing ab se bo sem happened meaningful graphic representation found english language read knew discover spoken words represented graphic symbols printed word symbol sight word recognize words sight analyze letter sounds hit pronunciation printed word symbols assign intonation patterns approximate acceptable oral english usage order qualify reader assign meanings word symbol total word combination examples consider question grader asked read silently sentence sample wares traveler child reading teacher asked child interpret traveler
medley extensive review identified important features classroom structure direct instruction competent reading teachers low primary grade pupils effective teachers low primary level pupils devoted task related activities academic activities effective teachers spent discussing things related lesson content major part devoted structured activities left pupils unoccupied organization environment highly structured effective teachers classrooms results studies offered evidence competent teachers classrooms characterized deviant disruptive pupil behavior generally classrooms controlled criticism pupil behavior directed task related comments mean classrooms quiet pupils busy instructional tasks disruptive behavior effective teachers classrooms teacher centered sense teacher monitored pupils learning guided direction learning competent teachers permitted independent learning gave pupils choices allowed pupils participate activities teacher present effect direct instruction low pupils reading achievement prominent finding medley review notable findings dealt effect teachers questioning pupils level achievement results studies effective teachers generally amplify discuss pupil answers reacting pupil responses interpreted consistent effective teacher preference low level questions primarily fact oriented
wish assess pupils learned grade level rely language usage language indicator number breadth concepts acquired concepts exist framework symbolic process arrived refined thought processes turn depend manipulation language symbols words change language behavior major criterion learning society today evolved language equally obvious education developed lines language language bridge permits ideas information data pass parent child teacher pupil child peer individuals master forms language usage developing mind tools forward pursuit knowledge reading tool language usage teacher information aspects child development previous language experience important relates specific task called reading reading language process requiring understanding written language teaching reading unique relationship language students success school depends large measure develop language facility practically learning school language dependent nation schools founded reading major means achieving societal goals reading instruction involves learner solving codes relationship letters seen print speech sounds letters represent knowing letter sound code permits reader say pronounce decode solve approximate pronunciation words recognized sight words
child comes school thousands experiences seeing noting likenesses differences child developed ability fairly high order visual discriminations cases based small clues age able identify claim tricycle group wheelers able tell exactly identification visual discrimination later coins size bearing symbols confuse child head woman larger postage stamp visual clues correct identification common trademarks correctly identified basis size color configuration pack playing cards sorted correctly suit basis visual perception child need fine visual discrimination evident symbols read visual stimuli quick examination words sufficient establish look alike child differentiate words passage possibly meaning passage widely accepted definition reading getting meaning printed symbols degree slight sensory skills essential getting meaning maturation hastened visual discrimination sharpened experience practice school provide experience needed children need amounts fortunately published materials teacher teacher activities color insert
set teach reading lesson steps involve preparing children reading steps list stage teachers motivate children read story pictures real objects discussion theme ways children aided developing identity story introducing vocabulary words hinder meaningful silent reading story step difficult words discussed practiced context quick reading story teacher reveal words recognized context words experiential background students setting stage meaningful silent reading story accomplished providing children purpose setting question require reading entire selection answer guiding question provided teacher students mix teacher student initiated questions desirable encouraging student questions lead students actively involved preparatory steps teaching lesson students directed read part story silently amount read silently depend story length content students ability story broken segments logically determined starting lesson crucial importance step model development meaningful reading addition purpose setting question specific questions generated teacher student formulated guide silent reading silent reading attention questions immediately
sight words learned television road signs bulletin boards labels cartons obviously important source learning meaningful reading situations provided charts teacher written stories easy read trade books rationale reading sight words stressed reading development enhanced children acquire increasing stock instant recognition words skill significance total reading process taught effectively number justifications learning words wholes briefly summarized child knows number words sight words instant recognition taught hear similarities known words words meets sight vocabulary invaluable tool helping identify words words recognized instantly analysis reader put known words phrases focusing reading meaning numerous high frequency words learned units simply met reading situation contribute significantly syntax means getting meaning read early stages reading child learn sight words noting letter sound relationships recognizes word configuration cat forced translate letter sound blend sounds arrive pronunciation cat word symbols met ability sound blend important words differ cat letter cut cab bat fat hat cap car mat pat sat
generalizations cover single vowels end words word vowel ends word vowel sound word vowel ends letter serves vowel pronounced generalizations apply limited number high frequency words taught chalkboard columns words application activities similar discussed earlier sections utilized short vowel sounds important vowel clues helping children unlock pronunciation words addition vowel patterns explained lesser importance phonic analysis vowel sound vowel affected blend results short sound vowel car curl fir park vowel resulting sound blend yawn tall awful talcum awning ball number words vowel debatable letter sound combination beginning readers trouble children master short vowel relationships likely experience trouble vowels undoubtedly successful readers unaware difference vowel sounds word car diphthongs adjacent vowels sounded house oil boy ow ow blow grow throw sound
preceding discussion emphasized importance word identification skills combination learning read complicated task beginning learner attempting identify unfamiliar words look accept help clues simultaneous usage options helps simplify beginning reading occasionally phonics key meaning child utilize word identification skills phonics structural analysis context phonics needed importance context illustrated chapter application activities focused specifically applying word identification skills meaningful contexts application suggestions allow maximum options meaning read providing direct instruction types contextual analysis recommend ongoing attention developing pupils concept read sense essentially basic types contextual analysis transfer wide variety reading situations words ordered sentence referred syntax chap presented earlier knowledge language determine person place thing fits blank girl waved bye knowledge reader eliminate possibilities sense sentence related sentences precede follow sentence reader additional contextual information meaning reading sentence read waved wiped tears eyes train began move reader additional contextual information solve unknown word comprehend text
learning key words sentence written examples key words sentences presented review key words sentences say key word today going learned key words sentences pick key sentences paragraph look paragraph refer pupils attention paragraph written chalkboard word sentence important words paragraph important sentences paragraph important sentence paragraph idea paragraph direct pupils attention topic sentence paragraph written chalkboard called topic sentence paragraph important find topic sentences important sentence paragraph topic sentence main idea paragraph direct pupils attention examples point key sentences textbooks lot material don remember find topic sentence won spend details paragraphs idea simple understand paragraph finding reading topic sentence topic sentence paragraph sentences paragraph direct connection topic sentence tell topic sentence going learn find topic sentence paragraphs beginning paragraph
standardized tests sample pupils reading controlled systematic fashion procedures administering scoring interpreting test determined controlled experimental conditions commercially printed standardized tests fall classes designed group administration designed administered individually credit acceptable responses child score determined correct responses lack errors rate reading essentially types commercially published standardized reading tests today elementary schools norm criterion types standardized tests possess similar types test items basic differences purpose serves interpretation norm tests designed compare performance individual individuals performance group group generally large sample students representative national school population sample students administered test performance establish test national norms test pupil raw score total number correct responses test transformed norm score data types norms provided compare individual relative standing relation defined variable information found administrator manual based test national norms similar norms developed locally school district school individual classroom standardized norm tests provide conversion child raw score percentile rank grade equivalent percentile ranks range percentage students morning group scored score
published iris form summarizing pupils performance summary sheet presented figure summary sheet enables teacher identify reading levels tally oral reading comprehension difficulties generally space provided briefly noting reading strengths weaknesses based information presented summary sheet pupil able read library materials fourth grade level appears placement instructional materials sixth grade level teacher guided instruction addition penny appears difficulty omissions substitutions insertions short vowels context comprehension problems noted terminology inference quantitative information provide insights difficulties negatively affected comprehension word identification strategies employed qualitative analysis pupils means interested number quality equally destructive getting meaning teachers note impact child reading meaning qualitative analysis enables determine interferes meaning understanding reading strategies pupils illustration level excerpted analytical reading inventory shown figure procedure qualitatively analyzing pupil presented figure passages read transferred qualitative analysis sheet identified level text words pupil written columns
highly qualitative differences meanings floor charts flowcharts student heard recorded slightly auditory signal speaker intended transcribed heard process misinterpreted lecture written key word perceived dialect incident points major problems teaching culturally language learner read lack experience words concepts masking critical phonemes semantic differences dialect factor dialect broadly conceived speak parts country specific social classes components dialect pronunciation grammar vocabulary culturally children speak dialect question raised linguists pondered reading teachers dialect difficulties learning read standard english hypotheses relative question dialect interference learning read stated general terms martin hold children school speaking dialect standard american english encounter noticeable difficulty learning read experience higher failure rate children speak standard american english children fail reading dialect factors lack experiences relate reading quality instruction receive teacher expectations failure factors produce high failure rate reviewing research pertaining children speaking black english weaver contends speaking dialect interfere learning read
abuse oral reading advanced end means desirable ends practiced artificial situations thought creating true audience situation abuses pointed literature teaching reading reaction oral reading took place disadvantages potential weaknesses stressed point teachers thought issue oral reading versus silent reading intelligent oral reading moment popular position middle ground embraces idea proper balance maintained silent oral reading difficult argue logic position impossible find constitutes proper balance adequate desirable teacher class totally incorrect situation teachers beginning reading oral reading number purposes values found natural classroom situations common situations child reads aloud order convey information pleasure audience classmates teachers diagnose pupils reading regardless situation oral reading justified purposes logical goals educationally sound preparation adequate occasion reading audience situation ego building experience reader personal social growth confidence achieved child able read satisfactorily order elicit approval expected read group adequately prepared
order assure children continue develop skills commensurate reading tasks asked perform intermediate grades systematic direct instruction continued direct instruction needed basic reading abilities advanced abilities word identification comprehension study skills simply put direct instruction requires detailed explanation reading skill children usefulness continued growth step step description familiar material teacher supervision independent practice assure mastery direct instruction necessity providing interesting varied application curriculum common oversight intermediate grade teachers assuming students possess abilities perform developmental content reading assignments instances pupils afforded direct instruction skills prefixes suffixes fact versus opinion reference materials ability read diagram expect pupils apply abilities part instructional independent programs direct instruction abilities sample study skills lessons illustrate direct instruction format today going discuss word meanings word preview write board tell word means movies double feature yes previews coming attractions purpose surprise week told secretly called yes sneak preview surprise
intermediate grades children encounter number words concepts puzzle instances occur subject matter texts basal readers children school meanings adequate dealing beginning reading means familiar connotations words cope primary intermediate grades lack concepts insufficient knowledge word connotations problem teacher deal expanding meaning related problem misconceptions harbored pupils school held responsible misconceptions children picked impossible overcrowded classrooms prevent misconceptions arising going undetected extent problem exists motivate teachers seek ways modifying instructional techniques confusion meanings barrier reading learning axioms teaching reading words lesson mastered sight words meaning bearing units child expected read lesson attention mastering shades meaning granted child able call word result teachers shocked misconceptions harbored children classes responses vocabulary tests illustrate striking misconceptions difficult imagine arose responses verbatim asked give meaning conquer boy volunteered means head
college graduated small course educational psychology bits information told student teachers sure pick entered classroom discussed directly indirectly ed psych text read students successfully answered test questions earned high grades educational psychology talked heard course question answer period presentations professor thought asking recognized standing saying discussion called forgot tell things talking didn remember tends timid speaking public squirmed silently seat row fumed brooded later night think things glad sounded concluded author text blame students failure remember learned early stage career professor tests similar college announcing exam assigned chapters text found section impressed important looked easily converted test question wrote multiple choice item
basis evidence trace precisely evaluate factors lead sex typed behavior psychological androgyny john money suggest forms sex typed behavior tendencies adolescent girls interested marriage motherhood due hormonal balances established conception study analysis research block hand call attention extent sex typed behavior shaped responses parents teachers observation models significant impact sex typed behavior boy watches father care infant wash dishes likely acquire flexible view sex roles boy father sex typed male girl observes mother inclined picture women solely mothers homemakers girl tendencies sex typed feminine behavior due hormonal balances programmed conception likely encouraged develop psychological androgyny teacher try favor development flexible conceptions sex roles suggestions offered block girls urged competitive achievement oriented boys encouraged sensitive feelings engage traditional masculine activities consciousness encouragement sex typed male experience problems later marries career oriented woman asked share child rearing housekeeping responsibilities
order grasp fact language thought preoperational child qualitatively ask kindergarten pupils explain fully mean words bit baffled statements gain insight impact lack ability try piaget simple experiments individual pupils detailed instructions provided suggestions study end chapter background experiments bear mind children typically stage process understanding aspect conservation simply grasp concept pass transition period understand situations finally grasp idea completely supply correct answers situations involving kind conservation child earliest awareness conservation mass substance try jar experiment show olds clay balls size flatten watch likely taller jar flattened piece clay greater volume age children comprehend mass regardless shape reveal incomplete comprehension slight change procedure pouring water tall jar vase asking amount water vase awareness conservation weight typically takes place ages ten complete understanding volume ten twelve
early experiments associates aroused deal interest observational learning stimulated psychologists analyze impact modeling imitation behavior experiment ross ross child seated table encouraged play toy provided model sat nearby table played quietly tinker toys ten minutes played tinker toys minute played aggressively punching kicking sitting hitting hammer inflatable clown doll minutes modeled behaviors child allowed engrossed attractive toy told couldn play longer condition thought produce mild frustration child led room variety toys including played model children observe model observed nonaggressive model displayed imitative aggression contrast children exposed aggressive model engaged considerably aggressive behavior response clown doll toys study ross ross similar results obtained response viewing film adult adult dressed cartoon character engaging aggressive behavior study ross ross attempted determine effect rewarding model aggressive behavior children imitative behavior general children aggressive seen aggressive model positively reinforced model punished findings studies sparked continuing debate effects modeled filmed televised aggressive behavior children adults tendencies violence
technique involving positive reinforcement modeling outgrowth studies observational learning observed imitated behavior acquired reinforced typical instance parent teacher model exhibits behavior encourages observer response immediately reinforces response depending age observer reinforcer small toy gold star verbal praise nonverbal praise smile applause grade combination imitation occur absence direct reinforcement child sees praised teacher attentive child exhibit behavior model anticipation similarly reinforced finally imitation place model observer reinforced observed response exhibited weeks months learning place absence direct reinforcement child assume observed person engages activity satisfying pleasurable interesting endeavor words child assume model receiving intrinsic reinforcement observer expect experience reinforcement engaging behavior type reinforcement called vicarious based ability imagine anticipate reinforced performing behaviors technique positive reinforcement token economy introduced psychiatric populations special education classes token inherent purchase things inherent society money ubiquitous token paper coin currency transactions inherent
description human learners process information typically begins environmental stimuli sense receptors constantly stimulated visual auditory tactile olfactory gustatory stimuli experiences initially recorded sensory register sr named information thought encoded form perceived purpose sr hold information seconds decide want attend information selectively attended recognized decays disappears system sr capacity twelve items information typists extensive sr order remember words typed processing takes place typist ability recall information later minimal similarly experience reading entire page text discover bottom page couldn say read word processes determine information sr receive additional processing recognition attention process recognition interactive depends partly information extracted stimulus referred bottom processing partly hypotheses generated information term memory referred top processing ability recognize dog involves noticing physical features animal give involve ideas household pet guarding property trained aid police refers top processed hypotheses plural essentialy piaget scheme terminology
date open education methods developed elementary level occasionally wish basic techniques secondary level means permitting greater student initiative opportunities directed learning teaching secondary level provide student activity interaction inviting pairs small groups students exchange views text materials reading experiment activity areas teaching subject lends approach science class set demonstrations apparatus arrange displays establish library corner cooperative individualized planning instituted contract approach student meets beginning report period agree project consist term paper book reports experiment projects presented rest class small groups round robin fashion formal presentations select create organized sets materials students individually pace tests primarily discover weaknesses misinterpretations meet small groups students experiencing common difficulty understanding concept finding references library help overcome individualize instruction set class periods tutorial sessions requiring written reports invite students sign ten minute blocks designated days give oral report save student trouble writing typing report trouble reading report give opportunity interact students person person basis probe deeply interpretations
bruner distinction transfer skills transfer ideas attitudes contribute discovery oversimplified call attention common types transfer primary grade pupils instance learn basic skills reading writing arithmetic skills serve student later grades classroom upper elementary grade pupils increase abilities basic skills initial explorations sciences social studies arts greater capability background acquire basic subjects later equip advanced study elementary school students appreciate fact resist learning topics nature transfer secondary grades depends subejct courses math specifically designed prepare students advanced high school college courses course part sequence students vague idea learning later respond instruction students realize learning advanced courses courses typing auto shop clearly designed equip students specific skills occupation perform tasks oneself generally confusion doubt future courses courses intended equip students skills helpful enjoyable domestic recreational opposed vocational practical ways students choose cooking tennis instance select courses anticipate learn
publication bloom taxonomy robert mager book preparing instructional objectives instructional objectives major issue educational researchers teachers scores articles published professional journals describing advantages disadvantages strengths limitations providing students behaviorally stated objectives key question researchers practice increased student learning early review research area merrill looked fifty studies reported number studies shown effects equal number studies failed demonstrate significant difference authors concluded objectives help harmful students outcome educators expected wanted able say objectives increase learning objectives increase learning researchers say don obvious question answer retrospect simple wrong question asked learning complex phenomenon depends factors obvious factor effect learners circumstances carried evaluations effectiveness cognitive objectives learned mistakes asked relevant question conditions objectives likely increase learning question produced interesting clear cut results recent studies reviewed analyzed researchers waller hartley davies major conclusions follows
teachers dull boring unimaginative job instruction lazy seek ways try arouse student interest teachers effective job occasionally techniques teacher carried inventing techniques push desks types learning prevented encouraged students stimulated engage games asked engage directed effort fail acquire essential habits attitudes sooner later complete dull tedious tasks sooner later students going encounter teachers nonsense sink swim approach instruction school learning entertaining effortless students acquire attributes direction discipline teaching seek balance provocative presentations directed effort part strive follow offered subject matter fascinating learning lively enjoyable part urge students engage concentrated individual effort mean study tedious dull mean ask students master academic tasks directing learning king tut tomb technique devised instance ingenious elaborate roundabout ask students solve math problems students spent building tomb crawling inside flashlights devoted individual group study math problems likely mastery math skills develop rapidly completely
recall earlier chapter low achieving students tend assume failures due lack ability successes due luck assume ability fixed trait students tend attribute failures factor changed psychologists studied ways persuade low achieving students attribute failure lack effort increased lack ability instance told graders blamed failures lack ability improve exam homework scores trying harder months feedback scored lower test anxiety higher ability tests emphasized speed apt cite lack effort lack ability reason failure comparison similar group received feedback identified thirteen children generally took personal responsibility successes failures attributed success external factors failure lack ability students divided groups group arithmetic problems solve repeatedly told failure due lack effort percent problems purposefully difficult failure inevitable group training asked solve easy problems percent success assured groups additional arithmetic problems difficult training group tried harder response failure apparently maxim success breeds success true students success
prepare table specifications plan systematic testing procedure think purpose evaluation exercise want estimate students understand place students levels beginners intermediate advanced want monitor progress plan remedial instruction called formative evaluation intention facilitate form learning want try identify sources learning difficulties referred diagnostic evaluation want discover instructional objectives met determine grade recorded report card called summative evaluation sums performance want combine purposes depending purpose purposes test form content vary account early testing sequence addition considering tests forms evaluation plan evaluation strategies think developmental characteristics students plan teach nature curriculum grade level noted discussion piaget theory chapter significant differences preoperational concrete operational formal thinkers primary grade children asked master curriculum substantially curriculum upper elementary secondary school pupils expected learn forms evaluation level differences curriculum varying grade levels revealed types report cards earlier chapter primary grade children asked concentrate learning basic skills progress lack apparent asked tests
reason believe instance learning disabilities due brain dysfunction cases determine precisely neurological impairment occurred birth complications accident injury cases reasonable assume genetic factors root learning problem members generations family exhibited disability explanations include environmental deprivation malnutrition biochemical factors appears instance hyperactive children characterized body chemistry constant activity impulsiveness making difficult attend stimuli fact types controlled drugs therapy tendency condition diminish puberty lend support assumption biochemical factors primary types learning disabilities inferences learning disabilities observing child behavior subtle neurological biochemical impairments difficult measure directly samuel kirk james gallagher pp suggest criteria determining child learning disability significant discrepancies development aspects behavior perception visual motor ability memory attention grasp relationships unexplained discrepancy aspects academic achievement abilities child show normal progress mastering math elementary school grades instance unable read disability satisfactorily traced mental retardation auditory visual impairment emotional disturbance lack opportunity learn
procedure recommended gordon teachers try determine owns problem decide handle problem student destructive carving desk top teacher owns problem respond stop destructive behavior student expresses anger disappointment classroom incident getting low grade exam student owns problem gordon suggests failure identify problem ownership teachers intensify difficulties unwittingly intended efforts diminish pupil finding difficult concentrate school needs satisfied situation teacher orders criticizes according gordon responses act roadblocks finding solutions student owned problems tend pupil feel resentful misunderstood preferred deal pupil owns problem gordon calls active listening listener active sense interest shown talker encouraged continue express feelings listener actively participate interpreting explaining directing teacher owned problems involve misbehavior destructive violation school regulations gordon agrees messages ordering threatening moralizing logic offering solutions commenting personal characteristics gordon urges teachers explain upset proof effectiveness messages takes form anecdotes reported provided teachers successfully principal continuation school dropouts reported group tough boys responded favorably told upset saw break bottles school wall
disadvantage rating scales phrase leniency problem pupils tend give teachers average ratings traits leniency soothe teacher ego responses provide information needed improve effectiveness leniency problem induce pupils give informative reactions forced choice ratings figure shows forced choice rating form descriptive ranking form teachers developed don cosgrove form designed let teachers pupils perceive skill areas performance knowledge organization subject matter adequacy relations students class adequacy plans procedures class enthusiasm working students decide form omit numbers brackets follow statement prepare copies distribution students copy form write numbers prepare score categories listed calculate index effectiveness category descriptive ranking form teachers assign score phrase group ranked score phrase marked add scores phrases identified parenthetical number sets phrases cluster phrases yields highest score perceived students strongest area teaching cluster yields lowest score considered weakest total points phrases parenthetical number means ranked high category knowledge organization subject matter
archives strange lines carved rock tablets worn smooth vast sea remain link species clung past precious link young shepherd found tablets scattered corners cave shelter rain hard cold amused lines faces stones lost interest put shadows countless rock tablets stayed shepherd brought stones home place front hearth wide flat set hot soup pot spilling burning hole ancient floor baby likely trip flat stone fall fireplace stone discovered hot thirsty archeologist stopped drink later led aged shepherd cave hills tablets collected faraway museum stored dark shadows remained wars enthusiastic graduate student eagerly look doctoral dissertation script worn rock faces eventually lost enthusiasm returned legible writings contemporaries stayed marveled stories rocks translated read marvel tales told stones told story professed thinkers story told writes occurred children
general terms stimulus situation readily leads response paired neutral stimulus lead response bring learning kind previous paragraph important note learning typically unconscious learner respond conditioned stimulus aware relationship unconditioned stimulus classical conditioning shown occur regardless subject awareness relation responses subject ordinarily control consider fact person conditioned urinate response sound bell tube inserted bladder air pumped bell rung repeated number times subject urinate bell rings unlikely occurs subject knows bell means air blown bladder likewise conditioning experiments involving construction dilation blood vessels involuntary responses brought application cold hot packs directly skin neutral stimulus tone paired application pack tone eventually elicit vasoconstriction dilation numerous investigations classical conditioning phenomena humans studies dealing sucking behavior infants marquis head turning eye movements koch eye blink reflex studies illustrations earlier clearly demonstrate classical conditioning typically involves reflexive involuntary behavior relevant accounting origin emotional responses
unlike watson guthrie believed accurate sufficient explanation learning thorndike maintained effect response led learning absence experimental performed animals thorndike involved giving subject tangible reward performing response observing effect subject subsequent behavior classic experiment involved placing hungry cat inside cage dangling succulent morsel fish cage order escape cell obtain fish cat pull looped string perform mechanical feat experiments thorndike arrived related conclusions learning forming basis theory expressed terms major law law effect number subsidiary laws law multiple responses law effect states responses occur prior satisfying affairs tend stamped learned occur prior annoying affairs tend stamped put simply law effect says learning function consequences behavior simply thorndike later modified law asserting pleasure potent stamping pain stamping responses precisely suggested rewards strengthen behavior punishment simply leads learner essential differences watson model learning thorndike watson concerned primarily explaining formation relationships stimuli thorndike learning paradigm paradigm elegant scientific synonym model deals formation bonds stimuli responses symbolic terms watson model variety thorndike model
positive reinforcement modify behavior implicit teachers teachers praise student give high mark grant special privilege smile pay attention ask interested question reinforcing student behavior deliberate systematic positive reinforcement effective behavioral deficit involved words positive reinforcement employed undesirable behavior desired behavior learned numerous examples technique relation children reported hart al allen harris report successful attempt bring cooperative behavior reinforcement training involved pairs children play game child stylus told simply game place stylus holes front child children told jelly bean occasionally fall cup apparatus constructed reinforcement jelly bean occurred children faced styli holes cooperation required deciding hole sharing candy ten minutes teams learned cooperate instruction forbidding term signifies simple behavior control technique defined desirable response presence stimuli ordinarily evoke undesirable responses assumption original behavior conditioned term removal specific methods suggested obvious guthrie describes relation breaking habits chapter
educational implications position considerable derive discoveries learning applications advances emphasis meaningful verbal learning process reception opposed discovery learning discussed detail later chapter recommendations enhancing development cognitive structure students important instructional techniques investigated calls advance organizers concepts ideas learner prior material actually learned forms intended function enhance learner ability organize material learn remember chapter titles section headings text examples advance organizers serve presumably reader succeeding content cases relates content introductory paragraphs frequently material serve remind learner ideas important terms relationship material practical illustration text offers advance organizers labeled beginning chapter instructional implications derived theoretical position deals human learning hilgard bower skinner cases implications remote explicit true theories bruner implications positions discussed chapter discussion takes form examination enduring largely unresolved educational controversy controversy passionate believers teaching discovery equally passionate opponents sections present bruner views finally reconciliation
number school subjects lend readily discovery oriented techniques generally accepted means scientific principles discovered students guided discovery situations sufficient background information experimental equipment provided similarly children field trips discover variety phenomena understanding interpreting phenomena noticing place requires considerable guidance beginning teacher mistake assuming teaching discovery implies letting students simple instruction discover processes discovery taught experience didactic procedures student frequently guidance process discovering guidance need ruin discovery destroy magic prosaic subjects geography taught discovery bruner describes detail class elementary school children led discover important geographical features things asked establish settlement exploring area reasons settling areas gradually led discover confluence rivers natural harbors major settlements studying geography question discovering relationships environment humans simply memorizing maps related data principle combustion engine discovered eighth grade class yes design guided discovery lesson employed purpose
students sit side side seventh grade class johnny west nose low frank twolips nose dad high johnny reads fourth grade level frank reads average eleventh grader reading science textbook written seventh grade textbook frank twolips absolutely bored johnny west completely confused conditions represents optimal learning situation attempt change desirable obvious solution teacher spend johnny explaining confusing text spend frank amplifying enriching content text spend franks johnnys class course average seventh grade students care obviously teachers able implement solution days seventy hours classes pupil teacher ratio ten solution track seventh grade class tracking involves calling bright group bluebirds middle group robins low group larks putting group separate room euphemistic labels avoid offending parents making painful lower groups interestingly seldom takes grade students week discover larks dumb bluebirds smart separating class tracks beginning solution unfortunately end bluebirds read material larks simply faster larks write examinations bluebirds simply don misfortune despite notable exceptions cynical description tracking warranted course solutions
important sources information related development child direct experiences experiences loved wanted feeling result experiences hurt consequent realization hurt experiences gratification eating realization gratification pleasant direct experiences lead development awareness addition child experiences related events indirectly distorts awareness child direct experience learned lovable told mother don image liked perception individual direct indirect experiences incompatible lead conflicting notions consider student indirect experiences led believe academically gifted mother academically gifted son constantly fails school resolution conflict forms course involves perceiving situation correctly alternative accept introjected distort perception direct experience conclude brilliant teacher seek additional information order resolve dilemma related discussion conflict resolution provided theory cognitive dissonance theory motivation attempts account aspects human behavior terms assumption incompatible cognitions generally lead behavior designed eliminate conflict
important point concerns humanistic education traditional schools basically compatible schools concerned present future welfare students recognize worth rights individual pay lip service human humane values openness honesty altruism conflict humanistic traditional approaches exists pressure large numbers regimentation anonymity striving academic success leave energy communication exploration values development affect noted earlier absolutely prevents humanistic teacher traditional classroom situation humanistic approaches education highly varied current literature suggests number things common knowledge teachers detailed information included greater expanded list suggested readings end chapter humanistic approaches share number common emphases chief greater attention thinking feeling acquisition knowledge simpson gray respect traditional approaches postman eloquent advocates soft revolution present number provocative suggestions effecting change direction greater freedom creativity suggestions intended students teachers radical typical humanistic literature general common emphasis humanistic approaches relates development notions individual identity
experiment illustrates distinction formal concrete thinking involves number colored disks subjects asked combine color disk ways twos threes complete systematic solution achieved formal operations prior stage child arrive large number combinations systematically exhaust possibilities piaget refers thought processes involved solution similar problems thinking development formal operations significance prior stage child understand concepts incompletely concepts proportion heat lovell require order operations ordinarily comprehension child level concrete operations order operation refers sort thought processes required problem goes consideration empirical reality order operations involving products order thinking instance consider problem proportionality posed statement understanding statement requires knowledge relationship pair establishing equivalence relationship relationships realizing considered order operation relating knowledge operation performed operation order operation important feature formal operations results child ability deal hypothetical increasing concern ideal children able reason hypothetical real actual hypothetical conceive worlds societies hypothetically ills
generally assume animals earth intelligent inventive evidence point proudly increasing mastery nature contrast perennial struggle survival gifted viewed creature adapted environment ability adapt considered accurate global definition intelligence interesting consider admitted wise largest brain earthly species adult male brain weighs mere quarter pounds female brain weighs approximately percent pounds compared thirteen pound elephant brain brain whale cases weighs nineteen pounds unimpressive strong likelihood absolute weight brain related intelligent behavior ratio brain body weight retain advantage brain body ratio approximately whale elephant approaches pointed small monkeys brain body weight ratios high cases absolute size brain small handle simple physiological functioning dolphin hand large fact weighs adult average brain weight full quarters pounds fact led deal speculation research dolphin intelligence research succeeded determining intelligent dolphin
sir cyril burt respected influential contributors research evidence supporting view intelligence large degree inherited burt jensen relied heavily burt reported studies twins reared argue intelligence largely genetic amounted small scandal academic circles revealed burt data completely useless principal coworkers margaret howard conway authors numerous articles supporting burt findings existed certainly official proof existence observing remarkable similarities writing styles burt argues inconceivable burt write articles attributed damaging careful examination burt analyses reveals numerous contradictions errors deal important information concerning subjects consistency results studies astronomically improbable correlation coefficients identical decimal places separate studies occasions errors result deliberate fraud honest mistakes strong feelings sides final judgment important important burt data disregarded devastating argument jensen says harmful studies replicated weinberg agree pointing loss burt data simply means estimates intelligence scaled reliable data provide extremely evidence burt
evaluation need based measurement teacher assessment student behavior based measurement countless judgments teachers abilities students motivation persistence examples evaluation measurement major premises chapter evaluation based measurement measuring instruments intelligently wisdom order simplify clarify content chapter term measurement predominant mind evaluation follows measurement relationship measurement schools educational goals obvious obvious judging general practice specification goals essential measurement difficult imagine teachers assess effectiveness instructional procedures precisely procedures intended equally obvious procedures employ decision outcomes desired simple representation act teaching comprises processes specification goals implementation procedures attain goals evaluation effectiveness procedures goals outcomes desired school related goals include specific instructional goals teacher wider objectives curricula programs principals communities questions relating wider objectives education traditionally domain philosophy psychology evaluation seldom goes goals classroom teacher discuss specific instructional goals teacher text
classes objectives bloom al divided broad classes involve remembering require thinking knowledge objectives fall category knowledge specifics knowledge ways means dealing specifics knowledge universals abstractions field emphasize remembering teachers prefer teach understanding comprehension application recall clearly precise skills involved intellectual thinking activities comprehension application synthesis analysis evaluation frequently confused skills involve comprehension application comprehension lowest level understanding implying ability apprehend substance communicated necessarily relating material bloom al tested items require students translate change form communication express words interpret explain summarize extrapolate predict sequences arrive conclusions application hand requires learners able comprehend abstract situation application tested simply asking students interpret translate required abstract material order implications final points simply urge familiarize taxonomy implications teaching testing reiteration obvious point instructional objectives want students communicated directly effectively students measurement devices emphasize repeatedly want teach comprehension high level skills successful construct achievement tests reflect objectives
final advantage norm testing students counsel valuable information concerning likelihood success situations fact required compete case student trying decide college doctor father bus line controversy rages simply situations norm tests unavoidable situations students respond favorably establishment definite criteria success learning teaching benefit result question decisions based fundamental purposes instructional procedures specific situations assessment global term measurement evaluation fundamental part teaching learning process potential benefits teacher learner seen earlier parts chapter important suggests teachers need assess students reasons determine taught learned monitor progress individual students groups evaluate instructional materials procedures amass retain accurate records student attainment aid learning purposes teachers employ teacher tests standardized tests complete administration scoring procedures important words caution point increasing tests standardized variety increasing concern privacy individual rights equality ethical issues implicit administration tests matters political social concern
social studies curriculum draws fields deal investigation humankind content derives social sciences history geography economics political science sociology anthropology everyday experiences human family philosophy religion art subjects humanities contribute social studies curriculum social studies enables understand past present comprehension emerging futures focus local national international reads list subjects social studies likely react saying social sciences statement differences social studies social sciences certainly social studies social sciences share content focusing behavior human beings gain insight investigating objectives field primary objective social sciences generate knowledge refine existing knowledge humans social scientists strive objectivity ask questions ways expand information base subject hypotheses special statements require investigation determine truth test discover function testing hypotheses results theories statements explain describe predict phenomena case human behaviors occur occur
teacher preparation stressed classroom control education students cautioned lose control demand obedience education management oriented studies discipline social behavioral scientists contributed shift drawing information teachers responded setting stage democratic discipline teacher longer primary authority individual responsible controlling students person provided plans ways carrying pleasant productive learning atmosphere al classroom management encompasses maintaining discipline extends dealing visible invisible characteristics classroom visible qualities relate physical arrangement room learning centers organized pupil materials located stations arranged individual group inquiry facilitated displays present heighten student interest invisible characteristics emotional social climate atmosphere classroom organized managed hostility stress aggression avoided stringer define climate follows climate expectations incentives interact variety psychological needs produce aroused motivation behavior directed need satisfaction climate assumed influenced variety factors physical situation nature activity needs group norms behavior leadership formal informal leaders
career education stresses student awareness numerous careers today variety occupations receive attention care avoid stereotyping groups workers women longer portrayed housewives teachers secretaries content areas teachers decide integrate material existing social studies units develop special units topics approaches integration favored integrated approach teacher relate content topics established curriculum careers introduced unit community enabling students learn job opportunities community occasionally offering career education elementary school elementary students obviously preparing jobs advocates point subject aimed primarily career counseling vocational guidance aim help students understand roles play society attention focuses attitudes appreciation feelings ideally pupils begin appreciate contributions general society bonus students develop increased awareness careers consumer education topic schools offer aspect economics education dealing concepts wants scarcity opportunity cost resources markets consumption supply demand money credit
political scientists legal orientation analyze society laws constitutions documents attempt comprehend political system closely related orientation institutional approach attention functions governmental bodies officials investigates roles judges members congress approach political science common schools points political science schools largely study government political processes political decision making important legal institutional view political science tends ignore role individual political system scholars address deficiency follow behavioral orientation describe legal political institutions speculate ideal political systems scholars scientifically study observable behavior individuals political situations order create science politics body tested generalizations theories alan puts behaviorist argues important aspect politics institution thing real stuff politics activity behavior political institution main concern political scientist political scientists analyzing individual behavior political systems asking form government qualities citizen questions exemplify normative approach primary interest questions empirical questions fact scholars philosophers attempt knowledge ideal systems behaviors influence political leaders public policy
philosophy discipline questioning questions raises grouped types real sounds simplistic actually profound individuals arrive understanding reality question comprises branch philosophy called ontology ontology companion label metaphysics study existence obvious reservation elementary children raise questions put simply children ask things mean meaning things beginning social studies program course study major objectives encourage children explore nature humanity related question human questions metaphysical dimension social studies study humankind bound children ask question human answers noting humans special type animal children ask type special animal response describe animal capable thinking symbols tools dialogue realm philosophy sharp major area philosophy branch concerned central question true directly related branch determined real want true statements reality knowledge possess accurate children explore branch philosophy guided encouraged ask logic questions reasoning making judgments
concept humane person exhibits qualities empathy brotherly love trust part religious traditions subject philosophers ages increasing population shortages essential resources technological developments give humans power planet uninhabitable frightening place need humane individuals capable relating effectively environment evident reflecting interest education current classroom materials suggestions activities emphasize small group role playing simulation classroom discussions educators coming accept process learning important important learning actual content consider probable difference atmosphere classroom facts values presented students authority figures teachers textbooks classroom inquiry open ended discussions team projects encouraged ways observe analyze classroom interaction figure shows ned flanders developed interaction analysis instrument compares amount type teacher talk student talk michael modified bloom taxonomy educational objectives determine type interaction teacher student type cognitive activity taking place carl rogers theorized core conditions empathy positive regard congruence concreteness determine interaction facilitating empathy ability place oneself situation positive regard respect accorded individual person independent person actions
refers authority content apply selecting content question regular intervals program validity pertains content select sound relation unit objectives objective states students learn relationships cultural approaches potential environment teacher sure content enable pupils perceive relationship social studies address students interests create interest dealing criterion teacher address questions content potentially interesting students students current interests lasting educational content expand range students concerns attending criterion need allow students maturity level schooling prior experiences educational social interests refers content usefulness pupils frequently want learn information impatient information skills processes learned class cases content applied immediately reading map interpretation cooperative games group investigations content furnishing pupils foundations later learnings kind content difficult students appreciate content select obvious educators coming realize students learning styles content organization difficult learn
term instruction meanings means students exposed materials teaching methods educational activities allowed progress rates mean students pursue objectives unique personal interests abilities mean students proceed curriculum pace allowed choose activities demonstrate mastery ways individualized personalized instruction mean teacher works individual students students broadly refers adaptation teaching methods activities students individual needs pupils provided learning experiences personally relevant instruction involves small groups large groups teacher place students permanent groups move group ways help learn reminds approach think individualization instruction attempt accommodate needs individuals group balance instructional activity independent study small group instruction large group instruction members group goals teacher wants attain important remember student unique individual assistance instruction personalized fit emotional intellectual needs instruction requires knowing student background achievements interests abilities teacher determine circumstances individual learns
teaching methods specifically designed gifted talented students instructional strategies simply require modifications section chapter discuss generic strategies applicable social studies strategies children high intellectual ability average ability strategies mind teaching pace likely need accelerated gifted instruction introduce emphasize abstract ideas concepts activities accompany teaching methods provide ample opportunities independent study diverse areas students invent knowledge classifications synthesize conclusions apply learnings areas situations regular social studies materials need supplemented students read college level materials gifted students directed community libraries museums art galleries obtain material independent investigations teacher books special learning center children important evaluate materials encouraging children adult advanced materials quality arrangements school libraries students materials helpful teachers meet librarians directors educational communication centers obtain lists materials potentially students investigations
children need guidance formulating types questions raise interpreting graphs need understand questions factual valid learn ask questions aimed evaluating appropriateness data display questions help determine relationships data children learn skills reading making charts identifies types charts narrative tabulation organization flow charts narrative charts show steps procedure illustrate events dimension chart show bread tracing process growing wheat transporting grain flour mill making flour transporting flour bakery tabulation charts called data charts allow listing data sources facilitate comparisons data cultures children data chart records facts types housing countries figure organization charts exhibit internal arrangement organizations schools companies government agencies charts common elementary social studies textbooks children taught learn specific information presented charts raise questions company governmental agency organized relationships divisions children need actions occur flow charts effective charts depict makes decisions processes materials similar narrative charts respect present information abstractly charts employ rectangles connected arrows show direction activity children acquainted charts studying stages goes reading chart
teachers believe function questioning test pupils knowledge end chapter unit questions evaluating children understandings evaluation valid questions primary essentially questions tools pupils process information hear read experience integral components academic research thinking skills questions help orient pupils lesson unit guide investigation enable judge research effort kinds questions teachers ask allow pupils raise depend goals objectives lesson unit primary goal pupils acquire body facts later inquiry teacher students questions focus primarily recall information aim analysis evaluation questions address levels cognitive functioning teachers higher level questioning classrooms realize questions grow individual innate curiosities means advancing exploratory behavior notes student questions curiosity action mind hunger questioning behavior flourishes nonthreatening environment class members realize questions means dealing errors dealing level understanding making modifications questioning orientation study carin suggest separates truly brilliant teacher average talent posing question
learned social studies classes written lesson plans learned social studies classes positive hidden curriculum exists inside school contents attitudes skills values suggested directly taught environments structure selected content emphasis sequence manner teaching types experiences allowed taught peer groups significant goal teacher motivate students academically goal valued majority student population task orientation students desire high academic performance inhibited teachers interpret humanistic education terms creating relaxed classroom environment researchers show relaxed setting coexist low expectations performance standards effect type environment incentive students strive excellence resulting poor social academic functioning teachers strive efficient classroom management frequently instill pupils overdependence authority students authoritarian classrooms learn order successful challenge authority individuality stifled achieve rewards system students classrooms develop resistance taking risks asking questions relate learning centered assurances students learning successfully interpreted mean students put failure free classrooms result classroom environment children learn deal failure achieve success future learning mental health requires proper perspective abilities excluded failure students develop realistic image
children chance participate group discussion allow teacher determine child progress note contributions individuals committees teachers prepare questions initiate guide group discussion reaction avenues discussed chapter help sequence discussion questions ideal schedule group discussion conclusion lesson point pupils teachers assess levels knowledge generate plans lesson based learned identify concepts need additional study skills need attention class discussions need structured children initiate rewarding spontaneously address problems questions class schedule flexible allow meetings group dialogue children reveal attitudes content reasoning ability levels content needs skills dealing informal experiences teacher observe happening notes assessment children guided evaluation group discussions taught questions ask informed participated creating standards determining behavior understanding sharing conclusions children understand standards judging content criteria determining relevant content mentioned chapter children need determine content conclusions valid truthful information form conclusion perform task source information reliable
increased access material varied experiences heightened diversity students fourth direction established social studies educators confronted increasing cultural intellectual range students diversity continue challenge teachers discover ways social studies curricula stimulate true understandings human diversity established education continue fan diversity students educators feel neighborhood elementary school small unit function effectively future students increasingly diverse technology continues expand wise consider creating campus community schools school districts environments open evening adult education programs campus school established elementary schools continue single buildings house pupils likely arranged campuses accommodating pupils small classes exist greater numbers students locale share interests permit greater diversity program offerings school buildings arranged campuses schools begin technology effectively likely construction buildings change domes allow uncluttered spaces created pressurized skins reinforced concrete shells created developed materials directions science fiction continue educators advantage assume management decision requires action today
individuals societies influenced futures choices choices part random today influence futures systematically principles teaches identify probable preferable futures educators beginning apply methods techniques managing fields social studies teachers consider future plan curricula social studies teachers prepared address student community needs arise needs anticipated programs ready deal cope effectively future teachers understand current trends identify trends likely persist plan ways manage social trends affect education goal social studies teaching programs consistently responsive times teachers anticipate manage future acting ways events likely occur events likely occur trends plan increasing technology kinds educational structures environments types educational goods services increasingly diverse student bodies probability campus community schools times change social studies curriculum greater diversity wider range course offerings teachers likely experiment content instructional designs engage actively program planning professionals
idea behavior lawful determinism students fits don idea controlled fact don believe controlled problem involves concepts determinism indeterminism control freedom choice begin determinism control agree behavior lawful accepted assumption behavior determined controlled environmental events called stimuli behavioral scientist correct say behavior controlled stimulus events kind control personally find upsetting content found rewarding fact learned things determined poses problem tries prevent learned upset object social controls form threat force social control need aversive fact social controllers extent teach determines behave parents teach children children teach parents husbands teach wives wives teach husbands caring teach real sense responsible learn learn behave power knowledge behavior principles facilitate social systems students decide tolerable position won behavior influence contend responsible alternative real choice open influence influence
confusion arises determinism ideas assert events caused asserts powerful god prearranged worldly events result fatalism determinism hand offers hope knowledge things build mouse trap control environment controls uncommon find modern behavior theory characterized simplistic deal complexities human cognitive processes critics say concept formation problem solving behavior operational thought covered stimulus response theories stimulus response association theories understanding simple habits reflexes position fundamentally incorrect reflects confusion early behavioristic models learning processes fifty modern behaviorism position shows proponent uninformed modern behavior theory true early behaviorists emphasis stimulus response connections modern behavior theory model primarily describe reflexive actions sneezing presence pepper food mouth increase heart rate sudden intense stimulus occurs reflexive actions involve smooth muscle system glands called respondent behaviors modern behavior theory account small share human behavior albeit important provide basis understanding aspects emotional behavior respondent behavior responds environment modern behavior theory effectively deals behaviors refer intelligent voluntary behavior
selecting method recording important distinguish behaviors counted discrete behaviors continuous stream behaviors count words child reads minute number arithmetic problems completes ten minutes teacher praises child number times child hits readily count attention behaviors task behaviors behavior counted recorded wrist counter score golf marks paper scoring child worksheet need track length behavior observed information convert observations rate measure indicating frequency minute hour figure shows recording sheet teacher praised criticized child recorded rate praise times minute continuous stream behaviors task behavior devise measure based observation intervals observer clipboard taped watch hand recording sheet figure ten interval box recording sheet observer records task task number intervals task occurs counted divided total number intervals give percentage figure child task percent intervals observation interval procedure advisable trying record behaviors
bob enrolled basic skills class considered students teacher nearly added numbers producing digit sum reverse numerals write sum behavior bob received neurological eye examinations lots extra help teachers problem remained check bob skills showed discriminate fact point reversals paper teacher missed occasions seen erasing correct answer replacing reversal experiment undertaken going sets twenty problems yielding digit sums involved kind examples weeks sum times problems sums identical sums study bob raised hand completed twenty problems teacher check answers days baseline teacher marked answer ws wrong wrong answers teacher say incorrect reversed numbers answer bob problem missed helped answer aid counters number lines days bob errors days bob teacher simply marked answers comments help wrong answers
reinforcing punishing stimuli divided major categories basis knowledge history category named times places primary unconditioned unlearned category called secondary conditioned learned terms interchangeably prefer terms unlearned reinforcers learned reinforcers terms directly describe procedure determine reinforcer falls category distinction based prior learning history stimulus event reinforcer unlearned reinforcers typically include stimulus events food water warmth activity events strengthen behavior follow paired reinforcer unlearned include stimulus events loud noises pain excessive heat cold unpleasant events weaken behavior follow stimulus events effect behavior neutral stimuli reinforcers closely reinforcers praise teachers job pretty reinforcer children closely things food warmth affection special privileges fun activities stimulus events reinforcers history reinforcers called learned reinforcers principle neutral event praise grade chart money reinforcer closely follow occurrence event effective reinforcer
loring mcallister worked high school english teacher twenty low track students ages ranged sixteen nineteen control group taught teacher consisted similar class experimental target behaviors inappropriate talking turning seat behaviors occurred frequently baseline observations disrupted instruction experimental condition quiet worked teacher give praise entire class thank quiet delighted quiet today minutes class praise thirty seconds inappropriate talking lecture discussion recitation praise end fifteen minutes average seat assigned praise end period earned summary statement end class period thank quiet today entirely talking today hope tomorrow teacher criticism students noisy statements john quiet jane stop talking threats punishments results showed remarkable drop inappropriate talking percent observation intervals percent control classroom teacher showed change praise turning decreased percent percent control group showed change praise hard teach high school kids procedure study behavior changed technically called multiple baseline design
procedures sebastian bruce wetherby train severely retarded eleven boy illustration shaping jerry trained previously remain seat hands lap eye contact person calling imitate showed vocal behavior kind crying sound task broken number simpler tasks task raise hand jerry teacher physically prompt response moving jerry hand position holding reinforcement form praise ice cream subsequent trials teacher move hand fourths half arm started touch hand physical prompting faded criterion reinforcement raised jerry teacher eventually instruction training conducted twenty instructions drink glass clap hands eat spoon drop ball blow feather jerry mastered twenty twenty instructions tested random sequence presentation attempt generalization instructions combinations trained actions objects successful failure function training sequence failed force separate discrimination action object instruction subject reinforced attending part instruction provided unique cue return kind problem volume examine procedures teaching concepts operations general case
ogden discussed problem high school english teacher works composition learn write compositions student needs compositions english teacher assigns teacher punished losing evenings weekends grading papers suggested fifteen compositions assigned semester assignment teacher grade papers intermittent grading schedule papers selected randomly juggling sure student papers graded semester student paper affect grade safe tried job students practice needed reasonable teacher feedback teacher excessively punished illinois university group students working bill hopkins studied effects intermittent grading procedure acquisition printing skills kindergarten children prior start experiment children completed thirty pages handwriting write skinner experiment children daily worksheets guidelines model letters thirteen upper case letters upper case worksheet model letter places copy twenty times bottom model place copies teacher demonstrated correct writing board worksheet started experimental conditions follows
operant behavior brought control preceding stimuli differential reinforcement presence stimuli responses reinforced inappropriate responses reinforced stimuli clues let students play working task finished prompts stimuli child respond instruction words response occur learning situation prompts stimulus prompt prompts gradually withdrawn longer needed sd sr relationships established gradual withdrawal prompts called fading behavior chains consist sequences behavior interconnected stimuli chains held sd conditioned reinforcer establish behavior chain step chain initially prompted prompts gradually faded completion part chain cues part stimuli classroom management illustrated variety examples rules let children expected classroom behavior need effective reinforcement rules praised violating rules punished equipment furniture arranged classroom provide stimuli behavior activity areas seating arrangements serve cues teaching play activities planning daily program allow rates task completion assigning cushion activity instructional task lets child instructional task completed
start young children establish tokens handing child requiring children tokens treat couple pairings idea older children instructions giving tokens tell children earn focus behavior tokens fact practice talk tokens giving tokens academic sure checked corrected tokens initially exchange occur daily older children weekly exchange let kids improving job evidence tokens points earned teacher procedures working children children earned tokens wrong system kids monitor evaluate system need records points child earns spends daily carry chart figure daily basis weekly summary chart shown figure parents informed special reinforcement procedures hold session starting explain devise effective reinforcement systems single children classroom procedures worked jimmy hit children complete class assignments
achievement place home style community based treatment facility court referred teenagers run originally ellery phillips wolf achievement place operates token economy daily routine similar home boys clean eat ready school regular assigned chores completed school homework watch tv play games privileges heave earned tokens required target behaviors earn lose points table points tallied inch cards boys carried privileges earned week end week boys trade points week privileges table shows privileges earned economy set boy earn basic privileges expected privileges highest bidder week car privilege allowed winning bidder seating choice car week house managership positions experimental studies carried economy study showed fines important reducing aggressive statements removed aggressive statements replaced aggressive statements study showed manager system cleaning bathroom effective group contingency manager system boy responsible assigning tasks checking awarding points fines group contingency boys responsible percent weekly tasks completed earned points
important components systems study questions grades contingent previously levels performance performance criterion study questions covering major points unit provided test performance grades earned levels performance performance higher performance criterion passing unit set high performance higher percent required pass unit test performance likely achieved passing level percent concern performance criterion specification performance level remediation required performance falls percent points earned student required redo unit criterion percent met connor showed required remediation procedure increased group performance half letter grade pacing desirable cases contract requirements met prior dates dates midterm final exams clear understanding makes sense write contract course study involve specific objectives ways achieving look sample contract set assumption class periods short lectures demonstrations paced study quizzes class primarily lecture special discussion checkout session required student part contract tells points earned exchanged happen
evaluations combined token reinforcement system groups researchers report adolescents reliably report behavior improvements maintain study students recorded daily number correct responses comprehension questions reading labs accuracy increased class recording token rewards study adolescents psychiatric school shifted teacher evaluation evaluation special class operation months shift prepare token system making shift teacher gave instructions pleased behaving class lately important learn judge actions help important part mature responsible adult think special reading program token system helping develop ability evaluate behavior beginning today going ask give ratings decide tokens deserve lose based behaved rating period words want determine ratings past weeks judgment based observation rules tell class tokens deserve course earn lose tokens say understand talking training students able report accurately behavior maintain improvements
unit punishment reported study nate attempted electric shock quit smoking involved avoided shock quitting experiment drawing boards built device stimulus control technology assist wanted reduce smoking medically safe level half pack according surgeon general report principle involved discrimination learning subject learned obtain cigarette sound occurred indicating cigarette case unlocked clock face case delay interval times reaching cigarette extinction case locked basic human engineering problem induce case solution start short period case remained locked participants agreed minute locked period start participate case locked thirty minutes gradually case locked longer smokes experimenter control increase subject dropped travel commitments found case inconvenient fit shirt pocket subjects stayed reduced smoking fifteen cigarettes initial smoking levels levels weeks case locked hour smokes participant observers subject reports verified violations occurred cigarettes obtained
conduct problems involve intense active unlawful immoral behavior payoff child learns reinforcement avoid punishment unit focused origins problems approaches changing programs changing aggressive behavior fighting verbal abuse delinquent behavior stealing cheating lying basic strategy solving problems prevent undesired behavior paying reinforce behavior incompatible wish extinguish earn freedoms grow learning respect freedom responsible management automatically earned taught consider term reinforcing punishing consequences actions easy distal consequences easily connected current behavior teacher parent responsible adult needs step teach children term consequences behavior potential conflict situations arise teaching term values step talk general rule consequences kinds behavior students learn identify term consequences give practice identifying situations term consequences considered finally give practice protected situations struggling consequences actions values conflict experimental study management behavior young thing clear current research children responsible taught studies shown children record behavior place recording procedures effective combined praise important adults
teachers industry technology public schools generally main sources teacher training institutions industries generally speaking types teacher possesses definite characteristics type valuable contributions development total program industrial education today hand lacked desirable abilities characteristics possessed qualifications successful teaching industrial education generally agreed ability craftsman mechanical skill required part teacher lacking mechanical skill instructor hope accomplish maximum results duty instructor qualify sufficient practice contact trade order times set proper craftsmanship ability teach fine craftsman necessarily teacher difference producer able analyze present instructional material learners successful teaching dependent knowledge fundamental educational principles methods knowledge comes professional teacher education institutions continued study research requirements departments education certify public school teachers unfortunately requirements uniformly stipulated teaching institutions higher learning colleges preparing teachers certified appreciation mental processes learning takes place important knowledge skill regarding subject matter considered expects teacher proper scholastic cultural background knowledge single subject knowledge teach subject enable teacher maximum profession
connection newspaper items forms publicity care individual teacher absorb prerogatives consider privilege advantage handle phase principals jealous privileges duty instructors cooperate practices desired types news service considered contributed news items paid advertising rarely connection special adult programs vocational classes order advertise publicity schemes open nights special shows exhibits items news fairly regular intervals telling courses special projects school community special contests activities profitable feature writing series short articles telling industrial education program aims services scheme submitted principal approval material read principal mind broader viewpoints entire school order statement reflect badly phase school program writer contributions copy altered editor writer permission attention school paper means spreading news industrial education program laboratory activities furnish interesting themes youthful reporters difficulty reporters turn direction material task instructor stimulate needed interest
educators developed wider variety occupational programs legislators tried fill need refinement original smith hughes act passage laws george reed act provided funds vocational home economics vocational agriculture period soon george george dean acts subsidized distributive education courses addition continuing appropriations george reed legislation george act provided increased flexibility funds national defense education act ndea embraced disciplines fields interest included provisions vocational education funds granted salaries travel expenses purchase rental maintenance equipment purchase instructional supplies media needs assessment studies transportation students experience programs drop outs related instruction apprentices designed total amendment previous legislation vocational education vocational education act provided extension active programs cultivation promoted research experimentation established subsidies study curricula amendments completely revised original law amendments designed provide vocational education programs training retraining need regardless geographical location additional priority areas concerned post secondary education education handicapped disadvantaged funded provisions amendments mainly legislation vocational education continued expand flourish recently national emphasis career orientation exploration preparation types vocational programs providing students knowledge regarding careers contemporary program offerings discussed chapter ten richards introduction term industrial arts experimented development curricular division exemplify industry
step process obtaining organized content arrangement selected items correct sequence instructional card system simple process set items logically arranged basic material instructional content course study approach problem basic viewpoints student interest need interest factor educative process emphasized point consideration organizing teaching material courses study nearer truth say emphasized exclusion tangible course study cover real pretended zeal approaching industrial education avenue student interest poor teaching methods students poorly educated student interests student needs necessarily synonymous needs student constitutes legitimate major basis approach curriculum making recognition needs lend healthy atmosphere course construction industrial education shifting interests students dangerous controlling factor selecting organizing subject matter true subject matter tested measuring student interest chance interesting fact suggest omission reorganization projects articles free choice projects practiced approach logical practice early days teaching elementary schools models based compulsory allowed choice
major goal industrial education assist student happy successful citizen nature subject matter close personal contact existing teacher student industrial education unique opportunity contribution conditions produce desired results psychologists learning theorists studied human motives relationship behavioral patterns review findings help educators gain deeper understanding appreciation adolescent student needs wants determine types behavior school setting need physical comfort fundamental constructive activity classroom environment accomplished students hungry thirsty dietary deficiencies environmental considerations temperature safety important basic physical requirements satisfied teacher students fulfillment students psychological needs students need develop personal identity identity implies acceptance positive acknowledgement esteem importance considerations physical comfort considered teacher industrial educator opportunity bolster student image help recognize evaluate physical mental potential truly contented person termed person things enjoyable experience security style society disenchanted homes jobs salaries surroundings problems evolve lack understanding acceptance preparation suitable mode living
project practical interest operations simple threading shaft joining pieces wood splined miter joint project known drill project drill project fallen industrial educators justified trade oriented programs courses training machine operators persons find satisfaction manipulative accomplishments students planning employment industry graduation secondary school find programs beneficial helping attain occupational objectives curriculum designed continuous progress evaluation based student fulfillment performance criteria advantageously utilize operations approach drill projects exercises students trade preparatory programs progress independently job entry competency likewise employer aware skills satisfactorily mastered applicant historical evolution industrial education project main program device providing realistic educational industrial experiences students attention project follow established structure directed fulfillment meaningful goals students allowed choose number projects assigned teacher student allowed independent choice project projects assigned teacher involve necessity limited number manipulative experiences chosen student involve manipulative experiences basic involved methods choosing project leave desired leading industrial educators view project outdated learning experience campaign vigorously elimination
reasonable practice provide amount free material preliminary required individual expect students pay material advanced individual basis compulsory students spend money materials opportunities turning product school individuals community gladly pay cost project materials pay profit student appears unjust unreasonable expect principals school boards full reimbursement students materials demands places instructor position factory manager forces teacher weaken instruction sake construction waste school laboratory inexcusable expect spend materials classes beginners young students unrealistic attitude students expected payments materials teacher burdened detail experience shown business transactions give teacher worry amount teacher money collected agency school financial office school person principal office collect accounts procedure issue materials needed requested requisitions previously discussed materials received finished instructor checks total statement student pays amount office bringing receipt instructor permit remove product satisfactory method require payment materials student begins project
arriving job ahead prescribed teacher develops definite plan activities arriving teachers responded urge job early arrived found reason problems solved teacher organized method locating solving problems exist school lab clear necessity job analysis part teacher teacher concentrate details activities week instruction begins cognizant jobs performed problems solved aid regard recommended instructor written schedule analysis duties performed actual teaching process commenced teaching certificates licenses granted board education teacher professional preparation completed official evidence teacher academic qualifications teacher fail realize mere possession official document presented proper authorities appointment official salary drawn school administrator hired teacher give information regarding proper procedure filing credential teachers moving assume credential automatically acceptable addition details pertaining teaching classes teacher called participate general activities incidental opening school
preach constantly rules conduct school laboratory poor practice attempt arrive cooperative attitude regarding conduct worse rules explained class covering suitable personal conduct lab facility success obtaining student cooperation comes explaining rules regulations reference conditions exist school lab suggestions proved helpful classes presented paragraphs show confidence students greater possibility success program students feel treated responsible individuals dealt students consciously violate established regulations offenses place lack maturity judgment intended offend greatly deliberate offenses putting students honor fully realized schools exceptional situations applications suggestions effective denied students overlooked examination problems conduct discipline important starting point topic covered greater detail chapter wrong approach class assumption chief interest playing provoking mischief case interesting activities organized average boy girl comes classroom laboratory opportunity learn teacher realize outset provide abundant learning activities reason concerned
point opinion teachers divided stressing needs discovery method say older methods teaching industrial education dictatorial modern educational theory emphasizes individual thinking expression industry business looking persons initiative originality blindly follow tradition directions majority students development traits leading character employability important learning traditional methods acquiring skill opposed discovery method instances mechanical techniques methods production established period trial experimentation allow students attempt discover ways waste suggested person position plan originate ten follow explicit directions students interested directions discovering methods students lose interest planning finally established methods foundation inventing obvious responsibility students thinking solving larger number problems commonly practice position assignments school laboratory solved research discovery obviously short sighted viewpoint industrial education accepted ways established facts stated accepted expense effort hand occasions putting students connection applications combinations tool processes factual information
true media requires part instructor students find results interesting enjoyable main reason systematic education student learning main concerns professional industrial educator learning facilitated history teaching learning marked emphasis acquisition facts stress information retention necessitated written materials early chalkboard permanent fixture school rooms later additions bulletin boards projects exhibits extended environment learner teaching aids common recent decided expansion concept outlook area education research findings learning theorists combined current developments electronic photographic instrumentation broadened horizons student variety meaningful sources sensory involvement teaching learning situation contemporary instructional practice emphasizes act communication exercise dialogue learner environment foster conversational interaction forms instructional media developed communication tools classroom proliferation tools organized study categories printed display projected recorded types media proceeding discussion categories important teacher aware principles types media selection instrumental aids classroom communication specific situation seminars instance samples enhance conversation full length film inhibit dialogue lectures hand improved instructor incorporates projected recorded materials fortify basic monologue
activity design section similar design assignment sheet previously chapter student directed textbook references filmstrips loops slides transparencies instruction sheets similar sources assist experience develop mastery information skills required behavorial objectives completion learning activities student returns test check achievement post test administered corrected tests successfully student requests post test teacher similar format pre test instrument references hand subsequently corrected teacher establish level achievement acceptable fulfillment objectives student encouraged continue material event student unable attain acceptable level performance teacher student conference attempt diagnose difficulty select remedial activities learning activity packets method learning process forcing entire class students progress rate allow student master information skills limitations capabilities student entire complete standard course instruction finish half advanced change course mastery subject matter skills main outcome lap system individualized learning offers advantages students panacea educational ills contemporary classroom planning organization instructional materials takes deal teacher traditional teaching methods
loafer lab greatest problems student cases student worked quickly reason idle student continue job plenty instructor find resourcefulness recognize organize instructor list items receive attention school ends meet class teacher select list jobs students able teacher find busy minute cases special jobs rotated student able broaden experience hand tools kinds likely rust vacation months special attention oily waste general cleaning fine emery cloth soaked oil rusty discolored spots serve cleaning tools task laboratories job engage number students considerable length tool clerks undertake activity spare schedule labs woodworking labs need putting tools condition term grinding edged tools large task teacher leaves successor spent routine makes training job students assigned supervised closely poor grinding edged tools worse grinding
industrial education staff differentiation offers possibilities faculty utilization practitioners prefer provide students information classroom feel programs revolve laboratory activities faculty member choice type instruction concentrate outstanding verbal skills presentation lectures conducting discussions seminars tours outstanding craft skills find success presenting demonstrations organizing laboratory activities staff organization school future structured professional institutions hospital technicians aides nurses doctors specialists school employ personnel organization inherent capability providing continuing intellectual stimulation framework individual professional growth governed desire management expertise skills college major degree seniority tenure conscientious teacher eager learn extent instruction effective directly supervisor receive suggestions personal information indicating degree success teacher goes major part school evaluated general procedures measuring effectiveness instruction evaluation evaluation administration evaluation students rated valuable rating specific detailed expert absence rating connection importance instructor devise scheme rating effectiveness employ scheme conscientiously
attend conventions institutes teachers faithfully attend conventions institutes stay home receive salary gaining attendance voluntary answered question minds stay home wish stay home difficulty finding sufficient values justify spending limited resources order attend receiving hand knowledge methods organizations schools school systems effective advantage gained programs merit reviewed persons devoted considerable study teacher attending convention find programs ideas classroom leaders field found conventions meet personally inspired personalities learn secrets success worthwhile person profession general inspiration comes hearing speakers power vision renewed confidence matters worthy consideration vision perish especially true teaching profession teachers discouraged struggling convention source inspiration progressive teacher plan participate working unsolved problems field industrial education assist clarifying aims objectives formulating policies increasingly important phase education ambition teacher contribute contributing interest presence teacher assists giving stability permanence program
think activities attribute pieces mathematical faces introduction chapter pieces activities examples attribute sets commercial attribute sets involve geometric shapes characters types plants animals point attribute materials mathematics children supposed learn thought mathematical attribute pieces shapes triangles squares circles maybe saw pieces material learning union intersection sets activity loops mathematics activities identifying shapes understanding meaning union intersection mathematics involves variety processes recall definitions facts understanding concepts higher order processes organizing classifying finding patterns reasoning logically formulating verifying hypotheses solving problems activities primarily intended provide opportunities experience mathematical processes activities children possibly modified form discussed later chapter giving directions orally small group children part activity involves organizing pieces ways children organize pieces depends understand pieces directions teacher organize specific children young show ability organize pieces arranging lines stacks color able pieces
piaget formulated theory intellectual development children derive guidelines helping children learn educators interpreted drawn implications teaching children especially early childhood level important implication piaget teaching mathematics elementary school level grades children part preoperational concrete operational stages ample opportunity learn mathematics manipulating real objects hands experiences help child acquire mental imagery needed build understanding mathematical concepts later abstract level importance children engage mathematics actively manipulating objects watching listening stressed educators dienes jerome bruner later chapters dienes bruner recommend strategies consistent piaget teaching mathematics children basically recommendations direct teacher gear instruction child stage intellectual development children stages ways looking explaining learning experience order gain insight child thinks interests teacher follow piaget carefully observe listen child teaching begin consideration child knows interprets builds experience knowledge learn things topic sets ranked number importance topics incorporated math elementary secondary school mathematics programs developed
return game charades suppose successfully communicated team fingers words phrase want give clues word forever hold fingers meaning words word number sense cardinal number measures things set sense number refers order objects sequence statements willie mays number phone number numbers cardinal sense nominal sense symbol baseball uniform code identifying willie mays symbol identifying motions dialing look dial phone symbols word numerals iii numbers distinction numbers concept numeral symbol considerable emphasis math programs grades gave rise cumbersome number numeral language find numeral names number objects set maintaining spirit distinction informal current mathematics programs replaced heavy language subjected caricature criticism simpler language write write numeral tell return game charades suppose communicated want give information word word phrase diamonds forever
text series include problems children expected identify lines symmetry printed page eye problems difficult children previous experience symmetry children actively experience symmetry ways build ability recognize pictures course mirrors activities materials suitable children fold paper cut pieces folded paper unfold patterns fold snowflake difficult variations cut predict holes final pattern check counting fold paper chain paper dolls pattern unfold shadow painting pattern stencil tell folded pattern spill ink paint paper fold rub unfold colored blocks shapes child builds pattern copies pattern mirror image check mirror hunt things line symmetry check mirror look letters plants decorations pictures sorts pinwheel lines symmetry don believe try mirror type symmetry regularity cut pinwheel hold center fixed flat surface pin spin look quarter turn figure rotational symmetry figure rotational symmetry point rotated turned point amount full circle fits exactly top previous position
found models straightness fact models line segments part line lies points experience line stretches infinitely directions models planes actually plane regions examples plane extends infinitely directions concept find physical model found difficult find true model angle rays extending infinitely common endpoint define line point ancient greeks built geometry logical foundations point line undefined terms intuitive feelings meaning terms find difficult describe abstract concepts precisely especially important children concrete models terms abstract common features hear term plane variety flat surfaces appreciate intuitively flat nature plane goal elementary school geometry curriculum children learn mathematics vocabulary notation left side preceding table basic important goal children understand ideas arise environment side table vocabulary symbolism introduced children encountered geometry idea children models geometry concepts arise naturally environment shown examples children helped abstract ideas specially designed materials solids sticks straws page
children encounter difficulty number line children grades understand number line measurement model number act simple number exercises older children able exercises involving fractions decimals simpler related number exercises children solutions number line situations shown page identify error solution describe child difficulty reasons children difficulties shown difficulties arise children sufficient experience measurement concept number chance build number line number line asked construct difficulties arise children understand addition putting lengths addition materials rods number strips dealt related story problems measurement context acted physically number line activities help children develop understanding number line avoid difficulties discussed activities show placement numerals line regularly spaced intervals interpretation addition movement line joining lengths care centers nursery schools kindergartens variety blocks young children play children spontaneously arrange blocks track path road play serves important readiness experience number line especially children encouraged build tracks blocks size spacing uniform
general principles designing conducting review practice activities principles apply basic skills topics mathematics skills subject areas forgetting inevitable teachers review practice activities children tailoring activities meet needs individual students children need skill building activities require speed accuracy especially responses automatic children need practice basic facts responses automatic order maintain speed children remember information basic facts longer consider important children attitude skills improved teacher sets expectations speed accuracy evaluates children plans interesting review practice activities rewards children performance effort review practice activities involve children need drill individualized small group activities drill group children need practice bored attention drill emphasize facts child needs practice child confidence built beginning review facts knows systematically including facts mastered teacher child evaluate progress noting improvement identifying facts mastered children need direction mistake stuck basic fact figure answer materials making diagram relating fact repeat fact orally writing
children ten unable conserve volume agree containers hold amount diagram say container interviewer poured water children center aspect situation height water container ignore width container conservation tasks unable reverse mentally action involved pouring liquid remained conserved amount water changed findings caution teachers granted children understand measurement educators feel piagetian research implies children taught topic measurement length ready learn conserve length feel children exposed situations perceptions mislead teachers encourage children act measurement situations talk teachers teach children conserve encourage children experiment talk add experience attributes measured piaget research children formal learning measurement begin experiences comparison type teacher observe children conserve attribute measured piaget found concepts length object distance things space equivalent difficulty young children difficult teachers give children experiences measuring lengths objects introducing distance introduce object piece string represent distance physically
find position convert english measurement metric measurement sensibly translating knitting pattern tells knit inches look table find inch cm inches cm translate direction knit cm accuracy measurement inappropriate situation say knit cm possibly knit cm hoped legislators comes changing highway speed signs national highway speed limit miles hour translates formula mi km kilometers hour hope rounded easily read figure kilometers hour kilometers hour letter law speed limit terms kilometers hour united states gradually changing metric system teachers find assuming major part responsibility educating generation possibly present generation metric system parents today school children alarmed confused children school understand teachers help spread metric word parents community ways teachers give children assignments home help explain metric system parents children centimeter rulers home measure things family width smile
chapter informal geometry explored aspects geometry considered elementary school children involved measurement directly classification symmetry networks solids types curves chapter measurement metric system concentrated building concept direct physical measurement chapter look closely aspects geometry rely measurement large part upper elementary school geometry curriculum patterns relationships measurements area rectangle related lengths sides activities chapter involve commonly versatile mathematics material plastic wooden board regular pattern pegs nails rubber bands stretched patterns shapes activities designed develop aspects geometry arise naturally material regular placement nails pegs suggests system notation points line segments rubber bands activities develop idea structure leads measurement activities concern development concepts techniques measuring perimeter area finally activities asked discover patterns involving area measurement discussion questions comments concern children compare materials teaching topics chapter pattern finding activities cases leading formulas inductive deductive reasoning approaches patterns compared follow sections concern approaches teaching measurement area angle length intuitive explanations measurement formulas
examples children approaches finding area change school section discuss activities sequenced help children understand gain skill finding area children learn measure area sequence types activities measurement length capacity weight chapter measurement metric system children understand attribute region measured means region greater area according piaget young children preoperational stage conserve area recognize region cut rearranged area remains children helped gain understanding concrete experiences covering regions pieces examples activities chapter shape puzzles children explicitly aware fact regions area activity collection tiles arranged ways shapes children displayed class bulletin board children try activity squares older children question presented children encouraged shape left children understand meaning area areas compared opportunities nonstandard units area shapes units area cover flat surface triangles rectangles diamonds hexagons
children feeling type transformation copying figures small larger vice versa activities provide practice ratio proportion sides sides skill drawing larger smaller copies original figure vital making maps copying designs size dot paper try enlarge drawing study transformations suitable enrichment upper elementary grades provide opportunities practice apply concepts skills functions coordinate notation possibilities children engage independent investigations children functions shapes ways transformed shapes resemble original ways happens perimeter area angles activities discussion questions comments follow sections chapter part involved measurement length line segments perimeter area illustrated naturally measurement concepts apply shapes circles circles common shape environment arise everyday situations wheels bubbles plates phonograph records young children learn recognize try circle activities concern aspects circle measurement circle play compass pattern children try glass cup trace piece paper circle
sections consider aspects children develop skills operations fractional numbers involve considerations operations mean terms problem situations special aspects type model represent fractions area length sets developing algorithms relating models designing review practice activities aspects incorporated effective teaching fractions helpful look types difficulties children upper elementary school algorithms reason section starts end learning sequence children answer fraction situation correctly informative wrong answers provide mistakes due carelessness number missing basic fact operation symbol mistakes systematic incorrect procedure learned row common error pattern shown examples wrong procedure error pattern complete remaining error pattern errors suggest questions children help avoid errors reasons systematic mistakes find real reason error talking child children think arithmetic process moving symbols according fixed rules connection reality complicated procedure child learned division fractions memorized slogan invert multiply
activities discussion questions comments chapter concentrated motivating building concepts developing algorithms rational numbers seen earlier chapters especially chapter basic facts chapter algorithms steps building skill operations means suffice children understand operations mean eventually move concrete model develop reasonable speed accuracy operations rational numbers skill children able apply knowledge fractions contexts children practice rational number skills ways desirable motivating incidental situations rational number problems arise course investigations interesting practice activities adapted numbers finally teachers design special games practice rational number skills practice arise incidentally measurement situations doubling recipes fractional measurements children multiply fractions number activity chapter children find circumference diameter round objects find quotient order discover approximation practice division decimals measurements metric think incidental measurement situation children practice skill rational numbers rational numbers arise mathematical topics seen children search solutions open sentence graph find visual pattern chapter pages activity provide checking practice rational numbers
examples checking involve determining answer correct children encouraged apply understanding meaning operation step algorithm multiplication find error children row partial products comes division check answer children apply relationship division multiplication addition check equal children calculator check computations algorithm presented enrichment lattice multiplication russian peasant multiplication pages calculators specially designed present random exercises children select operation level difficulty children punch answers calculator tell answer correct track total number correct answers devices provide intriguing alternative traditional pages exercises check difficulties basic calculator finding writing finding adding result writing sum finding adding result comparing result written think shorter calculator memory save paper pencil key add display memory key show memory
tendency discouraged especially months study end progress failure resolve problem scientists try overcome human trait building realistic practical healthy approach effort science viewed ending continuum discovered knowledge present future scientists point scientists results efforts incomplete future reveal subject studied failure kind success scientist failure success says scientist answer seeking try route resolve problem historical records full successes stemming failure dr paul ehrlich nobel prize winner medicine physiology developed salvarsan treatment syphilis unsuccessful experiments polaroid search instant color pictures howard rogers chemist spent experimenting chemical compounds inventing chemical molecule absorbing story read instant color pictures january pp scientists succeed run daily intelligent failures follow everyday attempts solve problems living teaching human relations science careers discover light shining dark haze daily frustrations failures knowledge certainty scientific uncertainty change discovery comes scientists realize failure temporary stopping place continuum research current efforts tentative conclusions collected data process investigating problem unanswered questions arise
sensorimotor stage called term characterizes children level look drawing depicting stage child drawing symbolize stage sensorimotor children mainly information environment senses react muscles body motor response child shown fascinated keys keys provide stimuli child interpret glisten sound feel taste confronted keys visual field children try grasp jangle lengthy period chance put mouths trying mentally process happening determine keys characteristics experiences children slowly build mind ways handle process information piaget says children form mental schemes schemes concepts patterns behavior sequence physical mental actions formation schemes helps children future process quickly renewed experimentation encounter children formed schemes keys longer need laborious mental process determining keys sensorimotor child stimulus bound unable initiate internal thought piaget means believes person build structures thought believes child birth blank mind presence behaviors sensorimotor stage infants begin process devising mental schemes structures handling information
age periods cognitive development guide individuals upper elementary middle school transition behave concrete thinkers activities respond formally piaget comes research studies children enriched designed experiences provided chronological age steps develop presumably vary sequence undoubtedly remain question curriculum developers cognitive development child accelerated important providing experiences developing rational thinking higher cognitive stages piaget believes important involve students rich experiences level development likely provide foundation later stages cognitive growth piaget quality experiences level important quantity paramount concern teachers designing activities students insure opportunities perform desirable mental operations stage development children problem solving adults opportunities solve types problems school awareness cognitive development child translation awareness teaching practices challenge achieving makes difference teaching professional technician suggestions facilitating development rational thought warranted piaget stress hands concrete science activities grades piaget believes individual builds mind
human mind compared extremely complicated computer biggest problem human computer storage retrieval data psychologists learning researchers believe key retrieval organization simpler terms means knowing information find research indicating organization information reduces complexity material putting pattern learner constructed material easier retrieve material organized terms learner interests uniqueness chance accessible memory think learned setting system worked remember high school college science classes teacher tried help remember association remembering colors spectrum giving roy biv kind system person invents personally show students remember structure things attitudes activities characterize figuring discovering things oneself effect making material readily retrievable learner memory talking psychologists call transfer training evidence learning subject enhance mastery subject teachers believe taught latin train mind learner logical improve learning english transfer training effective factors positive transfer training place similarity subjects closer similarity subjects chance transfer training
stage begin practical ways apply knowledge discovery teaching classroom structure provide discovery activities concerns earlier believe guided discovery teaching laissez faire children want learn approach structure insure students valuable experiences success minds discover science concepts principles believe broad objectives mind classroom activities guide students objectives refrain telling children conclusions want learn merely memorize learn rote students need acquire masses structurally organized knowledge move effective problem solvers present variety activities children build storehouse sensory observations verbal eventually written symbols invented shared teacher instance preschool primary level giving students assortment buttons asking group want guide discover buttons characteristics properties telling children buttons grouped according color shape texture size properties ask buttons group alice buttons common alike buttons harry grouped involved activities nature children slowly build minds piaget calls physical knowledge students experience learning discovery need structure initially lessons
forceful book entitled try giving power recognition changing lives individuals making positive efforts recognize reward kindness humanism achievements teachers try look student inform specifically privately things effective likely enjoy teaching book documents easy look say individual class private discussions wonders teachers don greater efforts curriculum materials try teachers frequently elementary school idea giving warm fuzzy comments psychological trait recognized written card student proved popular activity remember abraham maslow prominent psychologist theory human needs need recognized valuable persons concepts continue grow positively halting related wait instructor waits students think student answer questions halting teachers explaining complex present information stop students teachers think teachers continue repeat behavior times stopping visually check class students obtain positive indications students explanation continue students ask questions retrace philosophers speaking demonstrate technique statement pause seconds students digest continue point
project based hierarchy scientific concepts physical sciences figure shows hierarchy subject areas level introduces children concepts physical science area material objects object property material serial ordering change evidence science area organisms children exposure concepts organism birth death habitat food web expected class spends half science unit half physical science unit units separate entities need rightly taught exclusively taught seen teacher teacher arrange activities provide meet specific needs interests individual children progressing varying rates levels learning main purpose project develop scientific literacy children functional understanding science concepts inquiring open mind achieve aims developed materials centered approach elementary classroom actually laboratory children manipulate specially designed equipment observe freely teacher guidance teacher introduces scientific concepts describe explain children observed called invention lesson invention lessons direct experiences present examples concept called discovery lessons child expected recognize concept applications situations initial learning strategy includes student exploration materials teacher teacher invention explanation concept student discovery applications concept set materials circumstances figure shows levels program concepts introduced unit
combination proliferation innovative science projects expanded science journal coverage increased service science workshops publishers science education departments universities science textbooks activity approach resulted science programs common elementary school local school districts moving direction county education departments including optional programs adopted basic science textbook series programs investigate local county department education elementary school teacher teaches science saying research innovation experimentation classroom teacher science education researcher lot elementary school teacher include science curriculum elementary school teachers midst acceleration production educational ideas materials accomplish educational idea actual classroom teaching occurs rapid rate involved professional growth activities professional history preservice service aspects teaching teacher education courses present programs science education prospective teachers teachers enter profession expensive effective retraining teachers service education commitment responsible preservice science education courses inclusion factual materials hands activities recent science education projects
reread opening statement lowell bethel kenneth george sold values teaching active science program discovery oriented passive listening reading science interested knowing organize arrange classroom space teaching learning materials optimum discovery learning move philosophical lip service stage discovery science teaching provide adequate classroom environment type discovery science teaching requires unique distinctive supplies equipment facilities teaching art music mathematics requires materials unique fields teaching science active true improve science items local home sources substitutions items impossible undesirable scavenging science materials need lead fragmentary patchwork science teaching addition busy improvise need science teaching expect children participate hands laboratory activities adequate equipment apparatus facilities physical environment obviously follow special innovative science programs science curriculum improvement study elementary science study science process approach specialized science materials needed familiar equipment sources ordering procedures keeping inventories date science curricular areas recommended planning purchasing construction distribution science equipment materials facilities total school school district basis accomplish greater efficiency coordination materials share items store central school facility individual classroom
recent research humans operate worlds rational linear intuitive imaginative imagination extra human sense innate born potential function rationally imaginatively case imagination fail manifest aspect potential develop brain research animals humans roger sperry joseph michael robert ornstein broadened view brain complexity caused marvel organization reveals differently functioning modes consciousness operating cerebral hemispheres brain sense brains left cerebral hemisphere mainly functions relating things performing acoustic analysis decoding speech interpreting sequential linear data mathematics written language logical reasoning reasoning mathematics words sentences linear order sense linear function underlies verbal activities left hemisphere enables perform operations language sequential logical functions referred temporal oriented linear hemisphere hemisphere brain differs left operates manner sensing simultaneous processing information major functions hemisphere individuals look room television screen scene nature group sense simultaneously hemisphere able center visual spatial interpretations plays major role dreams daydreams fantasies musical ability body movement dance athletics intuitive creativity thought visual spatial sensual hemisphere
guided fantasies facilitate imagination cerebral hemisphere brain give guided fantasy important couple minutes relax students relaxation lessens dominating influence left cerebrum making hemisphere manifest students close eyes comfortable position legs uncrossed let heads arms fall remain silent minute beginning fantasy pacing voice intonation especially important giving fantasies hurried note slashes fantasies pause seconds generate mental images giving fantasy read aloud times sense flow pace delivery want place slashes think class imagination trip zoo close eyes relaxed lower voice read slowly pause allow students generate vision minds enter zoo warm sunny zoo grounds beautiful flowers planted areas grounds suddenly pool animal opens mouth shows jagged teeth looks smiling big animal think big hippopotamus
students involved exploring feelings learn perceive situation understand emotions generalize strategy designed student feel threatened case asked directly values topic mercy killing deer infected horses situation provided students encouraged explore react method effectively topics related environmental science presents situation asks happened situation roger small pony texas noticed appeared sick father called veterinarian look pony vet pony infectious disease spread animals government requires sick animals put death stop spread disease summarizing think involved felt roger feel parents brothers sisters feel veterinarian feel local government agricultural agent feel heard disease inferring experiences similar describing feel describing feel explaining strategy involves confronting students conflict problem situations individuals groups students asked relate similar experiences propose defend solutions consider evaluate alternatives problem associates point danger approach students egocentricity proceed higher levels exploring criteria alternatives making judgments possibility overcome instructor moving group steps strategy sees occurring
pressure increased diverse segments society greater accountability public schools learning children resulted increased interest activity evaluation science programs national assessment projects focusing data collection addition local evaluation efforts individual schools school districts want science programs information determine programs continue drop modify help communicate public financing schools taxes teachers evaluation continuous encompassing part science programs part diagnosing children learning needs prescribing learning activities needed finding learner additional learning activities planned greater emphasis scientific processes piagetian reasoning values clarification science program evaluation shift stress recall application knowledge evaluation aids determining pupils achievement pupil differentiation forms basis communicating parents community large behavioral objectives basis teaching learning evaluating activities feasible spite limitations noted bloom categories behavioral objectives cognitive affective psychomotor cognitive behavioral objectives refer remembering knowledge previously learned able apply solving problems affective objectives refer interests attitudes values psychomotor objectives refer muscular manipulative skills suggestions chapter techniques test scientific knowledge
students learning difficulties problems academic areas reading arithmetic language spelling individuals lack social adjustment motivation management skills terms hyperactive poor attention span explosive clumsy poor memory estimated intellectual ability differ markedly actual achievement students exhibit wide spans skills excel problem areas merely slow acquiring school related skills behaviors youngsters problem area reading comprehension combination learning behavior problems reading arithmetic disruptive behavior students learning problems identified variety labels learning disabled mildly retarded emotionally disturbed economically disadvantaged educationally handicapped students need special education services enable develop potential secure special education services student diagnosed assigned label identifies student handicapped label applied appropriately general implications instruction mildly retarded youngster need basic academic training functional curriculum stresses consumer education family management job training disturbed student need special affective interventions stress awareness managing stress learning disabled student need instructional materials adapted extensive practice acquire specific academic skills
teaching styles developed individually based primarily whims biases personal opinions teachers responsibility examining research applying findings develop teacher behavior unfortunately research desirable teacher attributes inconclusive note research teaching classroom settings tended chaotic unorganized serving teaching guidelines follow summarize major findings selected research recommendations numerous special educators teacher incorporate practices daily instruction students likely improve achievement investigators special educators stress importance establishing specific instructional goals maintaining activities relate goals found task oriented businesslike correlated positively student achievement cornerstone teaching establishing instructional objectives reminding students importance objectives activities attitude modeling importance providing student success overemphasized lack success lead anxiety frustration inappropriate behavior poor motivation contrast success improve motivation attitudes academic progress classroom behavior techniques enable mildly handicapped learners successful follows continuous assessment mark student daily progress howell al base instructional objectives assessment data wallace simple vocabulary directions teacher student interactions archer edgar type response assignment standard formats archer edgar
deciding behavior assess begins global level specific global level area assessment selected spelling reading based referral information teacher observation results standardized testing assessment global level involves sampling student behavior wide span skills area area reading skills word attack word recognition word comprehension passage comprehension sampled skill span tests referred sequence related tests archer edgar survey tests wallace larsen resources constructing tests assess span skills include graded curriculum materials scope sequence skills lists standardized tests problem areas identified problem areas help teacher select specific skill areas assessment reading student demonstrate problem word recognition word recognition area specific skill testing specific skill assessment information leads directly determining instructional objectives student needs short vowel sounds summary determining behavior assess follows stages select global area conduct assessment wide span skills note problem areas conduct specific skill assessment teacher choices selecting evaluation activities commercial tests criterion skill inventories checklists teacher instruments making decision factors considered including purpose cost relevance activity test classroom instruction teacher consider activity surveying span skills assessing specific skill
teaching students learning problems helpful supplement replace commercial materials teacher materials materials provide additional practice highlight relevant stimuli provide feedback progress increase motivation teacher materials include worksheets games flash cards drill sheets correcting activities probe sheets students spend classroom working instructional materials important materials avoid frustration failure practicing errors degree material serves teacher teacher functions serve material inexpensive materials perform teaching functions providing instructions presenting stimulus task providing feedback correctness student responses correcting materials provide student feedback teacher present correcting materials especially mildly handicapped learners history academic failure important reduce failure experiences place public student makes mistake correcting material private event happens knowing student sees error correct immediately feedback provided student practice mistakes teacher corrects later correcting materials student corrected immediately practices correct response correcting materials help students maintain attention academic tasks student approach response game playing attitude bet correcting material cheating expected students initially enjoy beating system eventually fun select answer correct
adaptive behavior scale foster leland parts designed measure social personal development persons aged older section consists items areas adaptive behavior independent functioning direction responsibility part items grouped areas maladaptive behavior violent destructive behavior rebellious behavior withdrawal scale administered approximately minutes person familiar student part respondent instructed items check statement describes subject items check statements apply subject part respondent required rate statements item occurring occasionally frequently lambert cole prepared separate public school version scale deletes items pertain school observed school behavior rating profile brown designed study behavior children adolescents grades school home peers information collected student teachers parents peers independent measures included teacher rating scale student rating scale school parent rating scale student rating scale home student rating scale peer results profile identify students behavior problems distinguish learning disabled emotionally disturbed students profile identifying settings behavior problems occur free problem behaviors social maturity scale doll assesses social maturity competence birth adulthood
increase student speed performing academic tasks timer chart progress number addition problems completed correctly specific period recorded graph progress student rate difficulty tasks increased discourage slowness draw contingency contract student teacher agree student finishes specific part academic task amount complete remainder assignment contract accuracy criterion correct responses discourage student rushing incorrectly task accurate performed reasonable amount rewarded student shows task interference behavior looking window move physically closer aware presence student paired productive worker modeling elicit behavior prepare series tasks levels difficulty allow student low frustration tolerance complete task pace gradually introduce limits record student progress reward steps progress student mastered task intervals repeat procedure difficult task provide student avoids tasks incentive start working give worksheet problems completed present academic tasks game formats start finish races card playing correcting materials provide feedback reduce practicing errors
chip trading games teach place games stress idea exchanging values chips correspond place pattern white chips represent units blue chips represent tens red chips represent hundreds pupil rolls die receives number units die makes exchanges higher valued chips according rules game base base player chip high wins game board bank help pupils understand place computing problem pupil places hundreds tens unit blocks upper row places blocks row starting units green dot pupil collects units moves remaining units wide line trades bank units collected correct number tens tens collected bank top tens column problem units traded bank blocks wide line units column tens traded hundreds block tens blocks wide line tens column trades hundreds thousands block places hundreds blocks wide line hundreds column finally moves thousands block wide line thousands column counts blocks column writes answer
morpheme smallest unit language conveys meaning root word dog run free morphemes root words convey meaning stand morpheme prefix un suffix ed prefixes suffixes attached root word referred bound morphemes derivational suffixes change word class verb drive noun driver addition suffix er inflectional suffixes change meaning word addition inflectional word boy meaning boy studies morphology focus development inflectional suffixes brown de de studied knowledge inflectional rules children test knowledge rule nonsense words avoid memorization word nonsense pictures nonsense presented picture child test verb inflections knows today yesterday found general olds mastered inflectional endings olds performed items olds concluded growth mastery inflectional endings continues age children delayed morphological development inflectional endings speech elementary school child person verbs walk nouns pronouns show possession mommy coat er adjectives dog small mine
assessment child language development evaluation child receptive expressive language components assessed semantics phonology morphology syntax language skills areas listed age language scope sequence skills list presented appendix educator assess components decide assess specific components experienced examiner obtains information child observes deciding assess information gathered include observations child difficult understand child difficulty understanding say child short sentences child words child start maintain discussion topic child find difficult understand understands say words sentences problems phonology assessment begin area child words needs assessed semantics student short sentences needs assessment semantic relationships syntax language assessment includes formal informal tests formal informal measures depends reason assessment examiner wants determine child language development level formal measures frequently examiner wants determine specific teaching objectives informal measures assessment language development level teaching objectives include types tests school speech language clinicians experienced administering interpreting formal informal measures language educator unfamiliar tests consider working school speech language assessing language common formal language tests presented table
group test norm criterion measures specific reading skills vocabulary auditory vocabulary word meaning word parts decoding auditory discrimination phonetic analysis structural analysis comprehension word reading reading comprehension literal inferential rate reading rate fast reading scanning skimming overlapping levels identified color students grades skill areas included levels word reading included level rate assessed levels forms level addition yielding percentile ranks stanines grade equivalents scaled scores test results identify strengths weaknesses specific reading skills bond al note test effective diagnosing reading disability cases grade college level directions clear remedial suggestions provided battery tests yields total reading score derived scores easy reading level reading grade score failure reading level areas letter identification student names upper lower case manuscript cursive letters alphabet word identification student names isolated words sequenced difficulty word attack student identifies nonsense words word comprehension student completes analogy formats measure knowledge word meaning passage comprehension student silently reads passages supplies word blank space test alternate forms designed individually administered minutes students kindergarten grade norm scores yielded criterion mastery scale included student success potential reading tasks levels difficulty
code emphasis programs begin words consisting letters letter combinations sound words consistency letter sound relationship enables reader read unknown words blending sounds word sit sounded ii pronounced sit word ring sounded ii pronounced ring letter sound words word introduced component letter sounds learned word bet introduced letter sound relationships mastered major code emphasis programs include basic reading science research associates merrill linguistic readers charles merrill alto reading program brace sullivan programmed reading webster mcgraw hill phonics linguistic programmed programs classified code emphasis programs meaning emphasis programs begin words frequently assumed frequently occurring words familiar reader easier learn students encouraged variety decoding techniques including pictures context story initial letters word configuration words controlled letter sound words words occur represents sound word major meaning emphasis programs include company houghton mifflin reading series houghton mifflin basics reading open highways reading unlimited scott note series listed publishers approximately kindergarten eighth grade classrooms united states language experience individualized reading approaches generally classified meaning emphasis programs
flash cards paste pictures index cards print word phrase tells picture front card vowel cards picture illustrating word specific vowel cat writing word marked vowel card flash cards blends diphthongs constructed similar manner child learns associate printed symbol picture practice reading words side cards set word cards letter word omitted picture illustrates word child fill missing letter cards correcting writing answer supplying answer key picture coded cards omit letters medial final position omit blends diphthongs cards laminated written grease pencil reusable develop auditory discrimination letter sounds student participate rhyming activities matching pictures names rhyme word family student asked list words belong family circle parts rhyming words student sound dictionary indexed scrapbook page paste pictures objects actions illustrate words beginning sound pictures table tent top pasted page page words initial ch sound pictures church cheese children
help student learn manage family finances record expenses period budget include areas food clothing transportation savings medical recreation itemize family purchases period encourage student spend money wisely provide shopping list products stores require compare prices select items based fixed amount money field trip bank savings loan facility arrange classroom demonstrations representatives establishments classroom bank individual accounts set acquaint student checks deposits withdrawals pass books extensive practice writing checks filling deposit slips balancing checkbook provided learn banking services student required fill forms obtaining loan opening charge account small group discussions students examine kinds taxes sales gas property income identify items taxed determine amount tax collected procedure filing income tax forms presented requiring student fill short form cut instructions tax guide according numbered sections address social security number fasten instruction section form card provide sample form filled blank forms laminated reuse instruct student fill form number number referring completed form individual instruction cards
program designed teach vital skills concerning personal care taking care simple injuries skill presented small ordered steps instructions teachers teaching strategies correction procedures reinforcement suggestions testing record keeping devices provided personal care program includes handbooks covering areas eating brushing teeth deodorant taking care complexion shaving face taking care simple injuries program includes handbooks cream antiseptic bandages getting medical help treating burns treating bruises treating bites stings teaching strategy manual certificates success accompany program sail program fosters independent community living developing skills personal management home management community access applied academics personal management area stresses interpersonal relations focuses skills related communication health hygiene sexuality personal social adjustment selection preparation foods proper maintenance clothing home safety minor repairs home featured home management area area community access focuses skills reach community resources transportation emergency services leisure activities academic skills reading writing arithmetic management money management featured applied academics area task objectives mastery criteria strategies provided color coded task cards student progress program monitored progress profile skills targeted dates mastered teacher manual skills inventory booklet skills inventory checklist sheets included addition sign symbol cards number cards color storytelling posters total posters provided illustrate employment concepts
ask expanded contacts enlarged circle friends comfortable cultures give specific reasons examples explain philosophy education change change honest specific feel activities professor fool instructor unlikely deceive part honest specific taking casual approach activities waste expect meet activity objective review activities end course ask enthusiastic education discrepancy say important comfortable share written engage variety activities activities quickly snapshots outlook designed help assess cluster activities typical conventional class assignments asks write report famous educator read review book educational issue field trip experimenting activities likely improve awareness assessment forms end part place reflect variety activities complete part think activity activities chose curiosity try kinds activities stick traditional easy
teachers expected teach children behave supposed models behavior assumed active church members support dominant religious practices community nineteenth century school districts taxes low teachers board round families children taught practice teachers moral behavior highly visible teacher wrote diary cautioned disturbing family stopping talking late making noise remember constantly subject inspection reasons women outnumbered teachers moral influence expected exert children mid nineteenth century organizations recruited women teachers west hoping feminine virtues civilize barbaric frontier districts hire women half salary paid economics determined women numerical superiority teachers expected moral examples documented codes behavior school committees prepared employees part contract north carolina promise vital interest phases sunday school donating service money stint benefit uplift community promise abstain dancing immodest dressing conduct unbecoming teacher lady promise young stimulate sunday school
teaching chapter learned stereotypes educators expectations reinforced nostalgic accounts television rhetoric professional journals distort realities teachers number reliable studies teachers small written teachers educators unintentionally tend show teachers light sincerely want upgrade profession depict teachers financially poor sincere individuals inadequately prepared rewarded rigorous historical sociological studies begin twentieth century section focus sociological data regarding background teachers vital develop comparisons teachers previous decades centuries opening segment historical overview focuses status ethnic patterns teaching force word caution sources chapter data social economic personal background teachers based information collected national education association professional education groups remember surveys sort written gain support sponsoring organization goals stated positions nea studies representative teachers respondents nea members education questionnaires compare teachers professional groups later chapter teachers political views examined known teacher perception conservative similar perceptions social workers doctors political outlook
pursue career education lot competition jobs successful candidate suggestions help beginning professional courses premature applying part positions helping evaluate commitment education future employers interested types experiences high school college cadet teacher tutor volunteer sunday school teacher youth club adviser camp counselor scout troop leader similarly groups belonged resume show active variety plays sports interest clubs interviewers look individuals active socially recall positions held consider hold graduation oriented provide chances age group teach record leadership roles significant responsibilities ask supervisors recommendation including statement performance inclusion future placement file campuses placement office help students alumni job contacts larger campuses eligible enroll visit placement office early college career learn services include career counseling late junior certainly early senior want register establish placement file takes fill forms gather reference letters
individual teachers local national organizations professional concerns teachers individually organizations sought improve education status teaching profession seen associations sought achieved legislation improve salaries working conditions local teacher organizations increasingly collective bargaining enhance teacher welfare teaching conditions important professional concerns salaries fringe benefits working conditions tenure professional development teacher rights historically teaching field salaries low teacher salaries increased recent step inflation beginning salaries teachers lower received college graduates according recent government statistics engineers computer specialists accountants sales registered nurses managers received thousand dollars higher average starting salaries teachers maximum salaries teaching considerably lower occupations teachers increase income assuming additional responsibilities extra pay coaching teaching summer school moonlight jobs seek advancement leaving classroom administrators superintendents principals supervisors receive substantially higher salaries teachers salary major issue negotiations salaries differ district district average salaries vary considerably states average salary teachers teachers arkansas averaged alaska salaries generally highest west lowest south average beginning salary average maximum salary
psychology emerged late leaders influence research physiology centered experiments animals wanting build defensible scientific field psychologists hold position proper data psychologists study observable behaviors subjects animals human leading psychologists early twentieth century edward thorndike experiments animal psychology cats box depress pedal pull loop escape find food cage thorndike believed experiments demonstrated conclusively animals solved problems mechanical number responses tried successful strategies increasing unsuccessful responses decreasing animals learn trial error process thorndike extrapolated humans thorndike conducted experiments human learning experiment sought discover study latin reasoning fields easier fundamental principle mental discipline perspective discussed thorndike concluded study latin improve general intelligence study subjects thorndike influential american education part taught leading educational institutions teachers college columbia university findings welcomed progressive educators chapter believed students learn education interesting based interpretation thorndike educators philosophies progressives asked teachers emphasize learning experiences lecturing thought students learned history writing plays medieval hearing teacher talk
colonies settled founders brought variety religious backgrounds business interests literary traditions invention printing press aided spread literary works king james bible shakespeare plays worldwide travel colonial exploration generated interest subjects astronomy surveying religious ferment driven puritans america geography land forced settlers reexamine traditional ways thinking acting protestant thrust seventeenth century promoted established churches countered eighteenth century enlightenment encouraged individuals act consciences directed colonists settled colored styles southerners developed patterns education close knit communities middle colonies england villages later spanish southwest west steeped roman catholicism eager convert native american indians organized mission schools traumatic settlement land schools dominant educational force individuals groups tried maintain ways educated young communities schools introduced forms education collapsed proved inadequate prime educator family children learned read household values manners transmitted vocational skills learned debate historians colonial families nuclear extended family typically included parents offspring encompassed grandparents uncles aunts apprentices bernard bailyn argued extended families smaller task educating children shifted parents grandparents outsiders
sciences gradually accepted curriculum physics chemistry established high school courses courses zoology botany taught memorization laws theories progressive schools elementary level inclined class experiments class field trips promote student curiosity sciences deweys laboratory school students constructed models ancient boats cooked favorite foods cultures dramatized events ancient civilizations social studies classes schools prepared build curriculum child centered laboratory school schools affirmed recommendations national education association committee fifteen report basic subjects grammar literature arithmetic geography history committee agreed principle earlier issued recommendations college preparatory committee secondary school studies proposed partial elective system parallel courses study classical latin scientific modern language english qualify students college committees felt subjects important recognized curriculum broadened allow goals students curriculum expanded ways calvin woodward introduced manual training education st louis response needs business community school curriculum began offer courses typewriting stenography bookkeeping commercial law business arithmetic smith hughes act provided funds agriculture home economics vocational education high schools art music slowly gained acceptance curriculum physical education athletics
politically violent unpredictable trauma vietnam war watergate women movement student protests crises middle east assassinations john kennedy malcolm robert kennedy martin luther king brought criticisms doubts nation policies social personal systems reexamined civil rights movement forced society consider relationships culturally groups individuals trying religious styles born evangelism eastern mysticism variety therapy approaches evidence symptomatic search priorities shifts popular music folk songs beatlemania rock country western disco punk concern environmental pollution energy indications changing priorities claim family losing influence cite evidence divorce rate marriages end divorce increasing number individuals living million mid suggest family stable institution thought argue family changed immense impact total culture commentators believe youth culture received investigation considering influence media influence increasing concern studies children begin kindergarten watched hours television asking things brand names students graduate high school spent hours watching television school research television impact violent behavior continues question benefits educational programs sesame street
analyze economic impact american educational costs compare local governments spend education spend highways social services quarter century elementary secondary education commanded largest single share local expenditures late cents dollar education local districts cents tax dollar spent education mentioned chapter proportions federal local monies education undergoing major realignment war ii table shows portion increasing point nearly identical local share federal slice pie figures table represent national average ranges states immense hawaii local funding hampshire local districts contribute school revenues massachusetts lowest percentage federal funds mexico highest matter deep concern committed equal educational opportunity range states disparity districts national average expenditure pupil tennessee spent pupil alaska spent student annually states districts spend times districts massachusetts averaged students districts spent percentage spent student broad figures bewildering
parents citizens concerned declining standardized test scores convinced explanations point types tests composition student bodies today ago public margin believes standardized tests correctly measuring decline quality education point view shared educators interestingly elementary students secondary students think homework hard decline performance according public fault school lack parental concern television balance public satisfied school institution disquieting signs growing content obviously individual communities greater lesser confidence public schools polls attitudes education focus public reactions schools noted public generally approves schools public want schools gallup poll included section ideal school revealed requirements board examinations teachers periodic teachers strict discipline curriculum emphasizing basics homework school assignments school home community interaction career guidance meetings inform public school programs interesting compare sentiments findings sociologist wilbur opinion americans developed expectations functions schools public school provide vocational training instruct students basic skills transmit accepted cultural values train socially adjusted persons demonstrate methods social mobility cure social problems source entertainment
efforts schools help students improve skills moral decision making citizenship training programs likely peak periods wars general societal concern values nation declined doubt watergate vietnam sparked renewed interest values education advocates values education moral development programs incidentally included large numbers teachers counselors parents claim programs result improved concepts students school morale respect authority figures reduced incidents vandalism violence drug usage conservative estimate teachers attended workshop topics values clarification character education moral development schools introduced elective courses areas current trend integrate discussion moral issues regular subject matter courses english history government classes common courses discussions school counselors values education programs curriculum kits students problems adjusting school critics moral decision making programs developed lawrence harvard contend school important things academic preparation students programs personal opposition moral education programs minor compared heated debates regarding appropriateness religion public schools infrequently favor religious practices public schools opposed practices turn courts legal solutions sought amendment specifies law respecting establishment religion prohibiting free exercise thereof
widely read critic shared concerns max rafferty rafferty served superintendent public instruction california gadfly rump education rafferty newspaper columns books speeches warn public schools controlled educational professionals progressive education doctrines ruining academic standards students moral crisis brewing discipline lacking schools teachers spending frills schools attempting solve societal problems rafferty solutions nation educational ills included increased drill memory tougher discipline standards competitive activities recent critic perceived low standards schools paul operator private reading school california upset students declining achievement scores increasing school costs called education today entertainment literacy hoax believes giving teachers greater authority classroom students rigorous doses reading writing computations science history bring increased academic gains rafferty despite obvious differences style interpretation share general viewpoint academic standards higher number past present critics disagree arguing major problem schools america curriculum discipline standards rigid reflecting progressive views hold individual needs learners central education favor broadening curriculum constant renewal relevant students ask schools discuss women liberation energy policies students taught cope rapidly changing future
type alternative education descriptive frequently involves school district operating number educational programs roof variety programs offered means program large schools schools belong types open school formats previously mentioned learning centers continuation schools curriculum programs open curriculum quincy illinois developed curricula students traditional study flexible fine arts career special education individualized york introduced options small classes educationally disadvantaged students special classes gifted cooperative teaching program range enrichment program capitalizing teacher specializations occasionally district term schools schools describe satellite programs run buildings supervision principals tied central administration district conventional program building fundamental traditional curriculum site free school discussed educators recalling criticism resources community developed schools walls famous parkway program philadelphia qualification students philadelphia area submit application form students chosen admission drawn lot central concept resources philadelphia trips museums natural history zoological subjects discussed foreign language instruction takes place ethnic neighborhoods discussions insurance executives drug company officials apply mathematics sciences problems everyday
fall roman catholic elementary secondary schools enrollments constituted approximately nonpublic student population million students taught faculty approximately buildings million students attended approximately catholic schools represented nonpublic school enrollments number religious groups recent decades revival interest thrust beginning religious schools baptist presbyterian episcopal schools existence jewish schools founded christian schools newest religious schools table documents commitment weekday schooling denominations phenomenon education evident rise christian schools parents students attending schools convinced religion part curriculum public schools fundamental values instruction missing firm discipline desirable newspaper writer estimated schools student population reached modest figure suggested association christian schools international reported membership schools enrollment students organization include christian schools distinguishes schools parochial schools unlike parochial schools christian schools tied specific denomination single congregation cluster local churches sponsors school initially students parents sign statement pledging support fundamentalist evangelical religious doctrines bible sinful nature humankind need judgment redemption belief coming christ
major educational insight applied education recent concerns individual differences appreciation unique learning styles unique learning problems result true approach education gradually slipping boards insight individual differences applies making intelligent career choice learn diverse ways differ need learn give sketchy guidelines recognize categories experience potentially fruitful quest answer teach plan teachers test commitment teaching putting actual school situations students teaching observe schools participate activities put contact children adolescents teaching candidates avoid real contact young begin student teaching find young considerably romantic images manufacturing nasty graders disgustingly human shocked student teacher frequently teaching candidates limit encounters normal elementary secondary school students consider teaching mentally retarded physically handicapped children specialist reading teacher exposed segment opportunities challenges teaching increasingly school districts employing students teacher aides assistant teachers regular school summer school large number teacher education programs cooperative arrangements schools college students opportunities play variety roles school part education
insecurity endemic beginning teachers want assurance result teachers seek popular students difference popularity genuine helping relationship popularity real helping relationship impossible sense jean hispanic students achieved quick popularity organizing political aspirations supervisor pointed thought understood needs students needed thought needed jean understood needed wanted relationship students mature jean experience illustrates importance examining motives attempting motivate jean examined motives bit deeply realized overcome fear rejection hispanic students teach effectively fact jean spent worrying relating hispanic students relating carlos juanita miguel individuals tells grasped importance teaching personal level truth acknowledged individuality students characteristic maturity ability problems objectively jean realized fears rejection confronting explosive feelings detrimental seen important purpose teaching help children discover face handle fears jean supervisor tried show forcing students need support making independent
resumes purpose interview interview resume leads job jobs paper interview skip paperwork wrong write resume ways effective sophisticated rules broken business successfully detail resume writing process meticulous attention screened basis poor letter resume serve guidelines based books articles comments preferences hundreds employers resumes copied preferably offset printing important resume stand professional looking expensive copies copy resume accompanied individually typed cover letter think resume piece advertising comprehensive data sheet wide margins plenty spacing easy skim listing belong resume looks amateurish called send transcript send copy unofficial transcript don lot dates numbers resume hard skim eliminate dates place end paragraph describing experience don headlines action verbs avoid forms verbs initiated created instructed developed supervised managed counseled negotiated maintained emphasize skills especially transfer situation fact coordinated grade field trip washington leads believe coordinate things
england puritans believed important able read bible interpret teachings early massachusetts passed law requiring parents educate children law strengthened famous satan act satan assuredly try understanding scriptures properly important children taught read town fifty families obligated pay teach reading writing schools known town schools england set precedent parents educate children government obligated responsibility villages remained compact lived close town school system thrived settlers spread seeking farmland town schools began disappear emerged place called moving school schoolmaster traveled village village holding sessions place months moving imagine actual learning occurred circumstances discontent system education led development district school scheme township divided districts school taught master funded town treasury district school system soon entrenched england inexpensive finance afforded measure schooling child towns allowed girls hours instruction boys school building part girls access town elementary schools revolution
private academies reflected democratic independence middle class tuition fees effectively cut participation poorer working class revolution growing demand free public elementary education understandably provided basis argue free secondary education schooling public expense educational system democracy argued system maintain democracy beginning appeal academies provide training studies prepared students practical livelihood necessarily college goal demanded public high schools seen retrospect academies link earlier grammar school later high school ninety establishing latin school boston created public english high school girls established number high schools states increased slowly steadily extension common school system unlike academies high schools governed public private school boards means universally accepted argument free public high schools logical based simply inherent inequality providing elementary schools secondary schools afford tuition opponents idea public high schools dispute need common elementary schools argue secondary school luxury domain taxing authorities famous kalamazoo case michigan courts ruled school district tax public support high schools elementary schools
horace mann radical educational reformer trained lawyer eminently successful educator politician asked exchanged practice law education answered interests client small compared interests generation born franklin massachusetts revolutionary war mann received rudimentary schooling fifteen education acquired circumstance profoundly influenced philosophy education studied diligently order admitted brown university brilliant student mann elected massachusetts house representatives luminous political career lay ahead committed education political methods bring educational reform mann aim abolish cruel floggings routine public schools schoolmasters believed duty drive devil students schools administered ten twenty floggings believed flogging aid learning students treated cruelly attendance school punishment schools hovels lighting poor buildings unsanitary unsafe mann criticized corporal punishment inadequate facilities public speeches lectures letters lobbied reform legislature congress horace mann strongly believed ideals common school championed career saw education tool liberation poor raise blacks emancipated handicapped children adjust disabilities
houston independent school district houston texas sixth largest school district united states operates varied successful magnet school programs country chapter discussion magnet schools successful magnet schools high school engineering professions designed promote desegregation offering academic program attract diverse types students emphasizes applied mathematics science attempts provide superior academic program highly talented college bound youth wish major engineering hundred percent graduates existence college including prestigious colleges universities periods usual students earn credits student starts ninth grade complete regular high school requirements end eleventh grade addition usual history english physical education courses offers algebra trigonometry calculus biology chemistry physics logic economics students courses computer sciences courses engineering drawing creative design engineering lab engineering analysis course electronics engineering courses emphasize theory math analytical thinking lab ample equipment encourage tinkering students opportunity motors fix lawnmowers curriculum planned help advisory group deans colleges engineering successful attracting students students rise order catch buses unimpressive building located dingy industrial residential neighborhood
schools emphasized student mastery basic computational skills type mathematics curriculum known math developed viewed mathematics language communicates ideas numbers describes quantitative aspects ideas objects result math stressed structure drill computational skills math tended abstract average student conceptual theories practical die hard traditionalists advocate returning teaching rithmetic unwise unlikely renewed emphasis computational skills needed emphasis occur curricular emphases past thirty return outmoded content trends likely mathematics education mathematics programs continue seek balanced curriculum stressing interdependence skills mathematical content application areas receive undue focus expense mathematics integrated subject areas mathematical skills applied variety situations home economics social studies focusing mathematics primarily separate discipline distinct schools emphasize practical subject areas personal finance consumer mathematics mathematics relevant increased technology calculators computers advent inexpensive pocket calculator caused worry lose ability perform fundamental arithmetical computations schools continue teach arithmetical skills denying fact pocket calculators
imagine unit study primary grades family family generally represented early grades houses families live told include toilets members family scratch utter obscenities cheat wives fix traffic tickets drink beer play horses tax returns strike love deodorants gossip telephone buy credit ulcers manifest million signs culturally deprived child knows intimate detail certainly dinner tables textbook fathers talk york jew niggers trying neighborhood cops hippies war contrary safely expect textbook family disembodied apolitical generally specific ethnic identity religious affiliation free social prejudice innocent grief economically secure vocationally stable antiseptic law abiding straight middle occupies universe divorce cynicism loneliness neurosis atheism tension doubt wrecked cars cockroaches inevitably absent downright dull impossible imagine level experience child aware thundering disparity real school distorted emasculated representations reasonable suspect child knowledge certainly includes realization plain language curriculum phony relation considered
wear hats perform roles makes complicated existence principal school today difficult job job requires strengths field general philosopher psychiatrist saint light general shortage strengths surprising teachers find conflict principals principals quick difficult decisions frequently insufficient information wrong factor contributes conflict administrators beginning teachers administrators playing roles teachers classrooms observe helpers judges say sources aid future recommendations teachers superiors obviously influenced seen helping observations potential source difficulty administrators ships captains concerned keeping ship afloat running moving direction teachers stimulate learning creativity set concerns bizarre random activity questioning occasional chaos frequently play important part learning juncture administrators put order collide teachers expected confusion potential conflict administrator teacher initiated system thing beginning teachers bureaucracy ends
parent teacher likely perceive phenomenon ways nerve teacher perceives child wild undisciplined raucous menace parents perceive child energetic spontaneous sociable differences perception enhanced circumstances child apparently quiet shy child frequently security home evaluation area difficulty part teacher job judgments child performance process touch deep insecurities wound parents hopes aspirations age anxiety apparent teacher contacts parents look school royal road success children competitive society average failure child average wrong teacher average thought child average parents bear reasons teacher needs especially sensitive dealing issues evaluation stay meaningless terms average average social distance source difficulty relations parents students issues social distance nub parent teacher antagonism recent teachers middle class aspiring middle class trouble communicating middle class deal parents lower higher class ethnic group potential communications difficulties heightened
configuration needs influence classroom behavior represented teachers need students depend teachers feel pleasure students demonstrate need teachers habitually engineer situations students depend order accomplish assigned tasks behave benevolent dictators classroom kindly relentlessly building cult individual play movie prime miss jean brodie depict type teacher considered miss brodie girls student adhere code miss brodie invention teachers potentially damaging students producing students directed choices teachers inhibit growth behave consciously fashion unaware need depend teachers need counseling aware need negative effect students situation warrant therapy stated earlier attitude oneself direct influence attitudes teacher sees friendly considered friendly students objective criterion behave friendly manner likely change behavior acquires insight inaccurate image perplexed students respond warmly considers friendly behavior form negative attitudes hand able adopt realistic concept recognize naturally friendly change behavior patterns road changing attitudes students improving relationship
speaking problem violence vandalism urban schools byrd experienced chicago school administrator stated problem losses measured terms dollars measured term effects education children resulting climate fear generated conditions hours education lost false alarms bomb threats harm educational programs classroom windows shattered teaching materials destroyed stolen schools damaged fire acts vandalism students teachers fearful going school healthy environment learning lost factors school violence impersonality alienation incentive structures school governance larger schools schools larger classes tend experience violence vandalism teachers administrators establish personal relationships students reducing feelings impersonality risks violence decrease academic competition inversely related school risk violence positively correlated amount vandalism competition leadership positions increase amount vandalism findings contradictory actually violent students likely school don care grades find courses irrelevant feel makes difference students apt aggression acts violence students teachers caring grades important step commitment school future bringing reduction personal violence vandalism hand likely occur students feel grades unfairly disciplinary procedure
finally mind major goals schools prepare students information technologies computers microprocessors video devices inexpensive means storing transmitting information creating revolution comparable invention printing revolution causing profound business industry conducted smart machines perform jobs humans field robotics pioneered japanese industry microprocessor major element industry demand industrial workers demand workers program computers perform mechanical tasks computer place schools find pressure modify vocational education programs business industry place demands schools produce graduates greater knowledge science technology thinking skills constantly developing information techniques future microcomputers schooling ten continued expansion microcomputer usage schools unlikely result radical startling schooling budgetary fiscal problems impede major investments computers hardware software producers develop programs sufficient quality variety satisfy teachers problem overcome computers commonly classrooms teachers fears fear unknown fear replacement fear math anxiety based assumption computer primarily mathematics colleges education school districts tremendous task ahead goals computer literacy teachers
creative imaginative recognized contemporaries fact recognized school teachers history full illustrations give guidance counselors pause consider einstein speak read isaac newton poorly grade school beethoven music teacher composer hopeless thomas edison boy teachers told stupid learn job dry goods store employers let wait customer didn sense newspaper editor fired walt disney ideas caruso music teacher told sing voice director imperial opera vienna told madam schumann singer advised buy sewing machine leo tolstoy flunked college wernher von braun flunked ninth grade algebra admiral richard byrd retired form navy unfit service flew poles louis pasteur rated mediocre chemistry attended royal college abraham lincoln entered black hawk war captain private louisa alcott told editor write popular appeal fred rejected high school chorus winston churchill failed sixth form grade school
morning don background experience students physically mentally emotionally responsibility educator resources help provide needs exceptional students regular classroom environment statements echoed nearly educator country comments reflect antagonistic attitude exceptional student contrary simply realistic questions concerned professionals students intellectual behavioral sensory physical differences integrated mainstreamed regular classrooms facilitate integration exceptional children classroom peers teachers questions relate directly professional attitudes practice responding require practical knowledge specific skills training volume intended provide classroom teacher foundation developing skills focus understanding characteristics exceptional students building repertoire strategies facilitate exceptional child success regular classroom initially important distinguish exceptional handicapped terms commonly describe individuals differences prefer term exceptional terms recognize important distinction exceptional implies individual differences necessarily norm average fact exceed term takes account higher achievers lower achievers capability disability handicapped narrower negative connotation term focuses disabilities excludes gifted talented
mary tried techniques mark grade classroom help succeed low reading group curriculum modifications success loss trying deal fighting disruptive behavior soon realized low reading group totally inappropriate needs discovered unable say letter sounds say sight words assessing grade basic skill list mary decided seek help bob resource teacher discussed mark problem lunch resource teacher mary explored alternatives mary consulting mark parents asked bob observe reading validate perceptions mark academic behavioral difficulties bob observed mark week concurred mary assessment situation bob recommended mary obtain formal referral principal complete information mary called marks parents discuss difficulties explain steps going initiate assured included entire process functioning team members input vital alternatives team considered principal reviewed information referral form decided contact classroom teacher parents resource teacher order arrange convenient meet discuss mark current situation meeting held school team members shared observations concerns mark academic behavioral performance school home parents provided additional information mark resistance reading home concerned fighting recently developed younger brother
current research overwhelmingly supports parental involvement instruction exceptional children teachers forgotten parents living child open meaningful suggestions suggestions aid teacher gorham stated feelings parents wrote learned clearly lost generation parents handicapped children parents intimidated professionals angry parents unreasonably awed parents intuitively children experts discipline persistently assume professionals parents carry attitudinal emotional baggage unable engage real dialogue professionals teachers principals physicians psychologists children teachers exposed kinds emotions help reconsider analyze attempts communicate parents important parents care need skills knowledge exceptional children providing role professional educators aware parents especially parents exceptional children need supportive help guidance raising children real problem arises majority educators lack formal training child management remediation learning problems counseling parents feel inadequate parents education handicapped children act discussed earlier volume provided stimulus schools share educational decision making parents implementation act allow parents professionals share feelings perceptions insights
plan making cooperative activity lot teacher student interaction individual activity major responsibility planning resting student carefully inch cinch yard hard adage readily applied planning plans involve tremendous student teacher behavior likely accomplished teachers helping students plans realistically ask similar questions change amount change realistic light student past behavior gradual increments behavior change sought gigantic increments students teachers create varieties plans plans form contracts written agreements detail behaviors performed interested exchanging commodity service subject contracting fully developed section behavior modification strategies securing commitment plan action contract place variety ways agreed signals verbal nonverbal effective obtaining level commitment change contracting signatures required teacher student conclude agreement cases level commitment enhanced presence witnesses peers teachers provide additional support reasons complying behavior change plan important mention commitment interpersonal endeavor based quality relationship teachers uninvolved students unable learning partners friends students tremendous difficulty securing valid commitment
goals misbehavior essentially pursued reasons goals positive behavior students seeking ways significant misbehavior goal revenge attempt gain significance hurting getting revenge attempts obtaining attention power thwarted victory achieving revenge shown students exult known students bully fighter hard guy tough girl misbehavior goals deals display disability students protect trying actively participating growth producing activities remaining members class group risk possibility failure students ease imposed protective disability social contact participation attendant responsibilities daily assignments responding class discussions completing reports term projects pepper provided simple method identifying type misbehavior goal sought students attempts significant teachers encouraged monitor closely response student corrective efforts sit john bother john busy complete assignment robert student response corrective effort diagnostic information identifying student misbehavior goal teachers encouraged analyze response student negative behavior feel annoyed behavior feel threatened feel ask student perform feel hurt teachers frequently discover effect encouraging pursuit misbehavior goals response patterns
activities mentioned elementary reinforcement menu designed strengthen increase frequency valued behavior teachers seek change levels student behaviors poor excellent overnight students rarely change nature behaviors rapidly suitable approach changing behaviors called shaping shaping defined process teacher gradually rewards improvements behavior stepwise fashion student behavior complete student accomplished level behavior desired excellent shaping improve student cursive writing doug ten handwriting fast illegible primary fault close letters looked cl resembled teacher felt needed help told gave returned assignment doug circled written doug written paper looks bit sure look demonstrating closed look completely closed saw doug papers closer standard circled wrote asked doug look papers tell thought comment poorly written letters weeks handwriting improved markedly
step analysis gaps specific academic areas informal observation teacher developed assessment units development practice specific skills teaching package division digit numbers eric package individually check understanding student classmate older student opportunities provided eric help student difficulty specific skill spelling helpful student provide potential benefits eric benefits include opportunity review words specific purpose build positive image eric helping role enhance possibility students begin eric positive light eric ten learned behaviors unpopular students impede progress school student high learning potential prognosis achievement poor teacher initiate strategies classroom help eric deal inappropriate behavior strategies discussed section based sound principles behavior management incorporated teacher management repertoire deals elementary age youngster ability limited progressing academic program rate children lisa children mild learning handicaps learns slower rate average child difficulty mastering academic tasks learning spontaneous children lisa labor hard school
young children show articulation deficiencies varying degrees speech toy bring praise saying cute school age longer praiseworthy punished peers adults students articulation disorders find difficult understood factual communication emotional communication tantrums screaming loss control result behaviors seen case joe joe grade student severe articulation disorders joe substitutes th consonants exhibits mushy speech misunderstood teacher students teacher observed joe throws tantrum students understand teacher asks repeat joe refuses bursts tears joe articulation worst student bullied fun tries report teacher type speech disorder typical young child disorder called stuttering conversational speech precisely fluent speaker filled hesitations knows repetition students timing problems bounds normal considered stuttering disorders stuttering mysterious speech disorder causative factors training procedures dealing universally agreed limits stuttering versus normal clearly defined age child stutterer trial error user speech debated agreed stuttering interrupted flow speech production
syntax advanced element language morphology element conceptualization ultimate requirement efficient language conceptualization involves incorporation meaning order language social situations interpretation subtlety humor divergent thinking convergent thinking logic reasoning processes students deficits conceptualization ridiculed inappropriate responses social situations language interpret language subtleties tied office tied chair rope academic area students call words comprehend compute understanding mathematical processes involved memorize facts social studies science generalizing relationships events socially laughter inappropriate respond rebuff affection social reinforcers concrete lack friends teacher nightmare students excel subjects require language tend prefer art music mechanical arts physical activities academic subjects viewed hostile aggressive students physical strength bullying techniques gain attention student conceptual language problem overlap language disability academic subjects apparent case study eighth grade student conceptual language disorders read orally fairly comprehension read poor generalize reads hears real situations told pregnant women ate lot eat week fear pregnant read story girl lost woods
blind low vision children require special training writing materials blind child braille writing partially seeing handwriting handwriting nearly illegible visual loss poor muscular coordination written communication sighted limited blind student relies solely braille blind student extremely low vision instruction braille writing begins machine roughly size portable typewriter student progresses instruction hand slate stylus easily carried pocket purse notes training braille writing tools responsibility vision specialist teacher teach blind students handwriting sign names partially seeing student marking pens bold line paper vision specialist provide close supervision important beginning instruction manuscript cursive writing initially size letters important correct letter formation specialist supplement classroom instruction individual help partially seeing blind students learn type especially need skill means communicating sighted children needs vary general guideline introduce typing fourth grade providing child motor skills normal typing relieves visually limited child tedious task handwriting teacher trying decipher illegible handwriting facilitate proficiency spelling especially student relies braille encounters words contracted form
academic setting children physically impaired need considered handicapped handicap interferes skills expected individual specific setting children legs paralyzed handicapped tasks perform require legs support movement perform required child required give speech handicapped physical impairment prevents child performing task required impairment keeps individual performing expected handicap child handicapped silent reading art volleyball activities speech requirement difference difference makes difference wolfe physically handicapped difference performance classroom compared performance students physically impaired students require special assistance order assigned regular program need types help student difficulty fine motor skills require tape recorder electric typewriter complete assignments students require help meeting personal needs toileting getting tray cafeteria assistance changing positions moving classes communicating required teachers physically handicapped physical speech occupational therapists serve resource personnel help regular classroom teacher meet needs child mainstream teachers therapists aides provide direct services child consult teacher prepare special materials equipment assist child help skills needed agreed team conference
educational experiences opportunities explore environment critical preschool age children physical impairments opportunities children occur sources child high priority development implementation systematic preschool experiences young children physical impairments children disabilities early educational experiences prove reducing effects disability direct stimulation enhance learning potential disability result unnecessary handicap significantly educational period inability involved granted needs child experiences child obtain random sources comprehensive developmental experience provided public schools contracted schools agency directly provided agency easter seal united cerebral palsy programs young child provide education therapy child support information services family individuals physical disability lack mobility independence job related skills require additional services finish formal schooling local community agencies ways meet needs providing specialized training center sheltered workshop specialized facility hiring attendant facilitate independent living core family driver typist cook personal attendant developing opportunities recreation leisure providing alternative living transportation arrangements home community
handicap defined physical mental sensory linguistic emotional deficiency prevents normal achievement term implies learning impeded significant degree individual potential minimized preceding definitions based assumption categorize label exceptional individuals disabilities deficiencies issue labeling remains unresolved special education field widely held positions debate labeling argument labeling terms developmental disabilities give negative emphasis individual impairment term applied individual difficult label point practice labeling fulfilling prophecy individual behave according believes expected determined label accurately applied argument opposition labeling practice categories individuals fall neatly classifications individual categorical limits denied special services needs final reason labeling important concentrate prevention treatment exceptionalities expend energies locating identifying placing exceptional persons categories major justification labeling helpful identify clusters symptoms convey specific meanings persons working exceptional person labeling kind shorthand quickly transmits key information enables professionals provide treatment reason labeling created administrative legal requirements
period cerebral palsy result anoxia due twisted umbilical cord stressful birth including prolonged labor difficult birth breech birth brain hemorrhage brain injury including injury caused obstetrical procedures forceps delivery cerebral palsy caused conditions occur postnatal development childhood diseases infections encephalitis meningitis influenza head injuries toxic conditions carbon monoxide lead poisoning strangulation neurological disorders difficult determine precise incidence cerebral palsy mild cases undiagnosed cerebral palsy disabilities greater severity estimates vary greatly safe consider incidence rate school age children present birth rate infants born cerebral palsy cases cerebral palsy spastic type type remaining cases mixed type cases children cerebral palsy disabilities mental retardation speech impairment prevalent prevalence cerebral palsy significance educators terms prevention treatment resulting motor problems disabilities preventive measures eliminate reduce circumstances brain damage occur prior conception mother determine possibility blood incompatibility immunized rubella follow adequate health nutritional practices prenatal period pregnant woman continue health nutritional habits avoid exposure radiation birth process sound medical practices health safety measures postnatal development
speech impairment varied types speech disabilities articulation producing speech sounds requires breathing apparatus vocal cords auditory mechanism intact central nervous system muscles swallowing oral mechanism consisting tongue lips teeth hard soft jaws kirk speech disabilities caused malfunctioning parts absence structural defect occur caused emotional stress delayed maturation environmental factors bilingualism cultural difference disorders voice caused inflammation tissue vocal cords partial complete paralysis soft palate uneven spurts growth adolescence child concepts inappropriate levels voice intensity speaking loud soft unevenly theories stuttering theories categorized broad groups organic theories include theory cerebral hemispheric dominance theories psychological theories attribute stuttering emotional factors learned behavior speech impairment disabilities result primary disability produced conditions mental retardation cerebral palsy hearing impairment considered indirectly speech impairment condition cleft palate lip caused failure bone tissue hard soft fuse months pregnancy condition tends hereditary incidence speech impairment approximately school age population kirk
environment condition learning topic discussion research blank suggested educational environments viewed adults helpful confusing threatening child advocated game environments means reducing anxiety goals relevant attractive children support learning blank encouraged small group instruction environments research butterfield concerned normal infants environment concluded human infant characterized passive recipient sensory stimulation found infant actively seeks stimulation selects pay attention exercising degree control stimuli hand caldwell believes environment young handicapped child depriving sensory impairments learn motor impairments difficulty moving body explore surroundings impairments limit meaningful interaction environment child abilities environment practice viewed differently writers concerned child development hurlock views practice standpoint learner mere repetition act standpoint teacher selected directed purposive activity blake practice amount spent learning basic performance depend motivation skill development attributable practice guthrie practice responses learned conditions practice varied conditions helps establish learning hill
behavior shaping reinforcers implement task analysis approach shaping behavioral objective gained reinforcing small steps approximations developing behavior reinforcement small step desired skill response accurate reinforcement correct response previously reinforced approximations sequence responses referred noted component parts chain represent individual responses repertoire individual chain represents combination individual responses ordered sequence sequence commonly young handicapped children backward backward step response sequence trained table chapter illustration backward employed teaching delayed children eat spoon sequence trainer places hand child hand spoon place guides entire chain initial training takes place final step chain placing spoon filled food mouth trainer gradually reduces guidance supervision child greater independence tactics building behavior enjoyed success young prompting fading modeling frequently handicapped children comprehend verbal instructions comply instructions characteristic children severe behavior language handicaps occurs learning situation teacher find ways desired behavior occur child demonstrate behavior opportunity reinforcement
closely related skin senses body senses vestibular sense kinesthetic sense vestibular system supplies feedback infant balance movement orientation body receptors system located ear kinesthetic system information movement receptors muscles tendons joints closely related systems enable infant develop basic motor abilities balance coordination tactile senses highly developed fetus chemical senses taste smell newborn taste receptors taste buds tongue adult adults infants prefer sweet tastes sour salty tastes preferred order bitter tastes avoided sense smell strong newborn able locate discriminate odors days sense smell important newborn identifying odors mother caregivers important later combination senses establishing food preferences information acquired senses taste smell utilized infant senses hearing vision human ear thought completely developed birth newborn infants ability distinguish pitches ability locate source sound regard pitches infants prefer low frequency low pitched sounds whisper infants sound human speech meaningful environment able respond sounds moment birth infants tend pay attention human speech sounds
play child toys tools play natural practicing acquired skills learning chapter toys equipment stimulate hand skills eye hand coordination facilitate physical development incorporate conceptual learning examples presented solutions child holding pencil problem simply large primary size crayons pencils regular pencil wrapped foam sponge secured plastic tape surface spongy texture help child grasp putting pencil middle small foam ball inch chunk foam sponge maintaining grip easier child child grip pencil releases intermittently pencil holder helpful pencil holder device helps pencil child palm type holder consists strap fastens hand securely holding pencil crayon paintbrush eating utensil strip fabric folded double triple stitched ends sides form strap inch wide needs fit palm hand going thumb index finger tied buttonholes put palm part strap pencil slipped hole ends pencil free center held palm variation holder pocket pencil holes
learning accomplishment profile lap pp lists skills toileting eating dressing grooming sequential order development nonhandicapped children developmental age age range provided skill listed approximation skill mastered included behaviors grooming eating toileting dressing skills signs emerging independence young child small portion scale shown table table shows types behavior expected develop period instances age range children expected master skills handicapped child masters skill pouring liquid pitcher spilling performing skill level commensurate chronological age handicapped mastered skill considered delayed skill analysis child achievement level required skill part instructional program hierarchy help skill behaviors assessment determine child manual lap description acceptable performance sanford educational planning tasks child chronological age part instructional program developmental scales indicators reasonably expected young child overemphasized normal development child stay dry night unreasonable expect consistently dry night development considered advanced behavior expecting olds master skill matter ignorance
careful observation child teaching dressing skills contribute understanding problem cases clothing positioning special equipment buy clothing styles facilitate dressing clothing size larger bought child dressing difficulties loose fit contributes child ability master dressing skills garments tight difficult fasten clothing simple minimum fasteners pants elastic waists snaps zippers selected pants fasten wide hook easier snaps wide belt single prong buckle easier pullover shirts avoid need tiny buttons pullover shirts loose flexible material neckline difficult remove short pants easier put shirt easier manage short child pull cuff shirt help remove cuff buttons sewn elastic thread allow child put shirt cuffs iron distinguish front garment child shoes color coded inside sole remind foot belongs velcro replace buttons zippers buttons sewn top button hole patch velcro sewn underneath hole surface button child overlaps patches velcro garment fastened pulls garment buttoned
culturally child language nonstandard english dialect diagnosed functionally mentally retarded enters formal schooling oral language stimulation based primary home language standard english stressed preschool enhance child language development minimize effects cultural difference children cerebral palsy show high incidence language speech disabilities wilson estimates children speech language deficiencies language skills young cerebral palsied children impeded variety conditions neuromuscular disability result limited mobility turn restricts experiences language develops kind disability interfere efficient speech apparatus perceptual disturbances accompanying cerebral palsy impede development basic language concepts speech disabilities found children cerebral palsy disorders articulation voice occasionally stuttering hearing disabilities kind cerebral palsy affect child ability discriminate sounds human speech range normal language acquisition subsequently impaired mclean mclean found autistic children exhibited language severe language delay absence communication skills readily observed symptoms attributed lack development functional language autistic children speech develop characterized repetition distorted rhythm intonation inappropriate articulation mclean mclean speech considered functioning skills language research conducted subject
basic quality individual emotional determined interaction born person mothering mothering need necessarily biological mother interaction mothering young child produces bond establishes clear concept identity child bond strengthened warmth mother body physical contacts child experiences feeding lifelong beneficial effects bottle feeding versus breast feeding issue matter quality physical contact caressing touching baby young child emotional bond protective device times physical emotional stress source strength grow mature confidence degree bonding effect denied young child reason emotional development impoverished ability affectionate impaired effects severe mothering deprivation infancy cumulative resulting later social narrow scope adaptability severe deprivation evidence children institutionalized early effects found degree children socially disadvantaged homes overly managed middle class homes emotionally sterile impaired child condition makes unresponsive mother caresses inadvertently contribute deprivation mother clear effect infant young child behavior infant young child significantly influences mother actions
behaviors stimulated directions stimulated environmental occurrences purely reactive nature knee jerk reflex elicited neurologist rubber hammer behaviors motivated completely internal stimuli internal states discussed consideration term mental health actuality behaviors seldom clear cut young child reactions external stimuli modified considerably internal perception environmental events extensively modified expectations fears mental set attention emotional clinical educational assessment child behavior considerations account infancy assessment procedures adjusted according chronological age general physical mental condition child social circumstances including integrity soundness family developing remembered repertoire human responses unlimited circumscribed economy expression emotions identifying assessing emotional disorders young children ask usual responses patterns behavior child developmental tasks accomplished supportive systems child terms family material supplies cultural social institutions newborn basic task establishment biological systems functions essential physical survival supportive systems include attentive competent mother ample supply food shelter opportunities begin experiencing discovering
speech language problems range mild profound include anomalies lisping stuttering inability sounds inability language problems result deafness developmental delay mental retardation emotional disorders brain injury variations combinations disorders exist apparent reason speech language problems develop child heard articulated speech speech pathologist concerned nature extent disability treatment evaluation includes assessment child achievement speech language development reference quantity quality age normal expectations deafness hearing impairments speech language problems auditory assessment essential evaluation individual informal initial observation speech pathologist child waiting room yield information child performance testing situation observation unstructured setting formal testing verified disproven diagnosis accomplished individual study child speech pathologist routine examination determine abnormalities oral speech mechanism including tongue teeth arrangement palate examination determine functional adequacy need referral selection standardized tests diagnostic process vary according child age problems typically articulation test language assessment test discrimination test sample speech included additional selected procedures speech pathologist determines child language competence language processing capabilities performance
professional trained science hearing measurement includes testing determine hearing ability recommending procedures remediation hearing loss parent counseling member team discusses effects child disability diagnostic procedures recommends methods communicating child soundproof room special equipment including loudspeakers earphones exact testing procedures depend child age ability begins sensitive test proceeds according child capabilities revising procedure signals test hearing sensitivity infants children classified gross sounds electronically produced signals gross sounds referred noisemakers items toy crickets whistles bells drums spite limitations noisemakers simple inexpensive devices competent productively quick estimate hearing sensitivity type testing needed level response anticipated indication level response prepared begin formal testing conventional measures include air conduction bone conduction speech reception speech discrimination tests electronically produced signals results tests recorded terms loudness frequency hearing normal hearing loss judged mild moderate moderately severe severe profound part child treatment program determine need hearing aid assume responsibility making specific choice
distinguishing trait volunteers compensated spite fact presence variety settings contributions effective extensive needs young handicapped children parents attracted volunteers varied programs hospitals clinics care centers head start programs preschool classes sunday schools community playgrounds volunteers varied backgrounds professionals retired parents raised families want involved children training experience handicapped youngsters ages range early teens senior citizens activities range concerned recruiting volunteers providing sophisticated training young handicapped child volunteers infant stimulation programs counsel parents times crisis children rights greatest contribution friendship child parents nature activities handicapped children insights escape working formal settings volunteers provide valuable information team active inservice training programs conducted professional staff serve develop understanding handicapping conditions sharpen volunteer observation skills effect increased effectiveness efficient volunteer kinds services provided young children special needs vary according live number factors general rule number services increases size community heavily populated areas sparsely populated areas
learn water parts body help learn learn things body parts learn find body parts help learn read learning cover eyes person give things feel listen smell thing body parts learn learn senses seeing hearing senses touching tasting senses smelling sense pretend senses learn places learn sense learn feeling skin learn hearing ears learn seeing eyes children learning nose tongue help learn nose help smell tongue help taste smell taste senses senses help pick cup shake gently smell cup tell think cup cups tell learned smelling draw things smell senses help observe observe notice things information observe senses observe notice sounds notice tastes senses
senses help safe hear warning sounds colors signs cars animals senses help safety smelling helps stay safe smell smoke fire tell grown grown senses help observe senses help safety observe classroom senses look peanut shell smell shell feel shake shell listen open shell look peanuts tell sense tell found fire harm fires warn suppose smell smoke alarm warn makes noise smoke safe place person alarm senses observe look picture classroom find things observe think senses fill pictograph row small paper squares put sense look pictograph sense senses tell senses help learn describe senses help safety look pictures senses give warnings match words pictures tell words mean sense safety person grow change grow change
plants find picture plants ways plants group toys color size group plant seeds ways learn parts plants read seeds put seeds line smallest largest put seeds groups color shape ways group seeds look books classroom alike books parts parts look plants parts plant parts look find flower stem leaf root plant picture parts look plants pretend walking field picture colors smell flowers shapes sizes colors smells flowers grow top stem flowers grow side stem kinds flowers seen plants kinds leaves edges leaves picture leaves sizes shapes find leaf shaped fan find leaf straight plant stems plant stems thick thin rough smooth soft hard plant roots grow soil roots grow longer plant grows roots help plants water soil plant roots short thick thin
plants need air water sunlight live grow need food plants food sunlight water air food plants grow soil materials soil food plants food leaves green parts plants food find green parts plant picture plants need food parts plants food draw picture place home neighborhood plant live grow cover leaves plant paper put plant sunny place water plant paper days observe leaves covered tell leaves looked took paper tell happen plant light think places seen plants growing imagine growing plants spacecraft earth plants grow space need soil grow holes large tube special lights help plants grow machines spray water plants water materials plants soil growing plants space help plants grow seeds look picture plant grows seed tiny plant seed food tiny plant tiny plant grows food inside seed seed breaks open roots begin grown soil
plants grown kinds places habitats cold habitats strong winds rain plants cold habitats small grow ground dry habitat called desert desert rain desert plants picture hold water wet habitats places oceans rivers lakes plants grow wet habitats roots plant grow bottom pond stems grow top water floats top water habitats plants grow kinds plants grow habitats measure plant grows days look pictures plant metric ruler measure plant looks write number paper measure plant looks write number paper draw graph numbers wrote color square graph centimeter plant measures centimeters plant grow look picture find roots stems seeds leaves tell kinds flowers leaves roots stems plants tell plants need food look picture explain plant grows seed tell parts plant grow plant habitats plants grow match words pictures tell words mean look plants pictures tell plants habitat
dinosaurs lived earth buildings land look dinosaurs smaller cats larger elephants dinosaur large sharp teeth eating meat strong legs run animals dinosaurs lived warm climate land covered big trees plants large dinosaurs moved slowly ate plants smaller dinosaurs run fast ate small animals eggs dinosaur hard covering spikes tail help protect kinds dinosaurs picture ate plants notice flat teeth picture flat teeth grind food dinosaurs page thick skin look tails tails help protect giant dinosaur largest animals lived heavier twelve large elephants small head mouth head smaller head horse ate leaves trees plants part animal large dinosaur laid eggs shown small picture young dinosaurs hatched eggs dinosaurs disappeared earth sure today study dinosaur fossils learn dinosaurs dinosaurs eat dinosaurs protect look dinosaur books find ideas dinosaurs disappeared dinosaur clay dinosaur small large teeth show dinosaur eats special covering tail protects animals
animals picture lived dinosaurs lived birds mammals today flying reptile large ate small animals fish snails lived dinosaurs climate warm wet large trees covered land large insects lived forests flying insect size dinosaurs disappeared mammals lived earth looked animals live today animal looks horse animal looks cat animal look animals lived dinosaurs animals lived dinosaurs look pictures insects birds mammals live today find animals ago climate change kinds plants animals live earth dinosaurs lived climate changed parts earth cold plants needed warm wet weather grow animals ate plants live earth animals picture helped animal stay warm plants animals change water land changed harmful materials put rivers lakes oceans fish plants live water die change land plants animals live look picture land changed today protect plants animals parks hunt animals pick plants deer lives safely special park laws protect plants animals
fuel burned fire coal oil gas fuel materials plants animals lived ago coal comes plants oil gas living things oceans sand soil covered plants animals died plants animals slowly changed coal oil gas millions oil earth someday coal oil gas save fuel fuel homes coal oil electricity save fuel electricity carefully save fuel fuels ago save fuel electricity live list fossils measure fossil picture metric ruler measure longest part leaf write number centimeters fossil paper draw graph paper color number centimeters fossil measured color row look graph fossil longest tell learn fossils tell kinds dinosaurs looked look picture tell lived earth ago tell climate change plants animals tell fuels living things ago tell save fuel match words pictures tell words mean tell animals lived dinosaurs dinosaurs
sit sounds hear sounds kind energy sounds hear objects vibrate object vibrates moves quickly sounds throat vibrates animals sounds throats vibrate kind sound horse hear sounds move ears triangle vibrates tapped air triangle vibrates sounds move air ears small part inside ear called eardrum begins vibrate hear triangle ring sounds change high low loud soft birds high sounds cows low sounds music sounds loud soft sounds voice makes change objects sounds change sounds truck makes change objects move sound sounds change slowly fill glass water tap spoon find sound partner hold hanger child picture ask partner tap hanger pencil listen sound bend hanger shape ask partner tap hanger listen sound tell sound changed ways sounds change information sound information listening radio tv sounds warn danger sound railroad crossing warn enjoy sounds music sound ocean waves birds singing
machines shapes sizes large machines smaller machines tools machines put objects tool makes easier read learn machines stack books desk tie string book string lift book stack books put cardboard books string pull book cardboard lifted book machines ways differently sizes parts machines easier look pictures tools tools machines help cut dig pull machine helps cut paper machines objects start moving force move objects force push pull force move light objects need force move heavy objects child force machine helps move box machines help force kinds machines find home draw pictures machines child magnet pick paper clips magnets metal magnets push pull metal objects magnets sizes shapes kinds magnets magnets poles poles parts magnets push pull hardest magnets poles end picture find ends magnets
electricity kind energy electricity special places travels wires places home electric energy batteries energy electricity light lamps heats kinds buildings runs machines machines electricity suppose plugs lamp person turns lamp wire carries electricity makes light electric energy batteries ways electricity moves toys radios flashlights electricity electricity electricity home write ways bend end wire metal part light bulb tape end wire bottom battery touch bulb top battery observe bulb light tell light bulb tell batteries bulbs change machines find ways machines engine kind machine paul drove machine engine looked bicycle slow cars engines fast want machines machines need hair clothes machines safe thing tools machines belong special places children ask help tools working safely
living things need air stay alive plants need clean air grow need clean air breathe polluted air picture dirty air dust dirt smoke cars factories polluted air sick harm eyes lungs harm plants animals help air clean factories dirt smoke cars trucks buses smoke harmful gases cars children keeping air clean living things need clean air help air clean tell air polluted rain fell look pictures rain gauges notice centimeters rain fell monday write rain fell tuesday wednesday add numbers find rain fell days draw graph circle stands amount rain fell days write missing numbers graph rain fell wednesday rain fell days look picture tell fresh water comes tell things ocean tell ways water explain polluted water living things tell things air explain polluted air harmful match words pictures tell words mean look picture tell person breathe water explain answer
seen weather flash sky hear suppose want play raining wonder rain find weather weather map read ways weather change look weather map notice signs kinds weather signs mean clouds rain sign shows sunny weather air feel left home morning think weather changed weather change change hot cool sunny cloudy look weather pictures sunny dry wind weather windy cool air temperature change thermometer measure air temperature temperature goes air warmer temperature goes air cooler temperature shown warm cool wind change blow hard blow gently wind change direction wind vane points direction wind comes weather places seasons weather spring rain warm temperatures summer hot temperatures air wet dry fall cool air rain turn snow late fall winter cold snowy weather season picture show
close eyes try picture cloud clouds cloud look clouds white fluffy thick dark clouds clouds tiny drops water sun heats water oceans rivers lakes ponds water evaporates water evaporates water vapor water vapor water vapor moves high sky water vapor colder moves higher higher cold water vapor tiny drops water drops water clouds picture shows happens water clouds drops water clouds move bump drops water join bigger drops bigger drops heavy stay clouds fall clouds rain clouds high sky air cold clouds snow clouds tiny bits ice water drops bits ice water drops bump freeze bits ice bigger bigger bits ice heavy fall cloud snow air cloud cold falling snow melt snow falls covers ground makes clouds clouds rain snow look weather map newspaper raining snowing pour cup water plastic bag close part blow air bag close
stay safe street cross streets carefully watch traffic signals look left left wait cross cars follow bicycle rules live ride sidewalk ride bicycle size safe home medicine parents ask give medicine read label medicine safely things homes poisons hurt skin eyes breathe taste things picture shows help adult stay safe school teacher help safely learn school rules fire drill follow play safely gym follow teacher directions help students children playing safely stay safe street safe home school wearing safety belt riding car help safe safety signs sign yellow paper sign dark paper observe signs dark room sign easier colors think safety signs healthy snacks children eat look healthy snacks child ate paper write child snacks child ate draw graph color box red apple color box orange carrot color box yellow banana doctors kinds jobs doctors care children born teenagers doctors check children growing check parts body eyes ears nose ask children feel help sick children rays pictures inside body special machines shoot rays flashlight shoots beam light rays light waves light waves bounce person rays body bones film developed dark parts rays light parts rays ray shows bones things inside body muscles bones body part controls person job heart lungs pieces food change eat things help stay healthy person kinds sickness protect germs safe paper finish story write ways remember look foods pages draw picture meal foods poster shows ways stay healthy write title poster
doctors kinds jobs doctors care children born teenagers doctors check children growing check parts body eyes ears nose ask children feel help sick children rays pictures inside body special machines shoot rays flashlight shoots beam light rays light waves light waves bounce person rays body bones film developed dark parts rays light parts rays ray shows bones things inside body muscles bones body part controls person job heart lungs pieces food change eat things help stay healthy person kinds sickness protect germs safe paper finish story write ways remember look foods pages draw picture meal foods poster shows ways stay healthy write title poster
roots jobs jobs hold plant soil job hold soil place roots help soil washed forest cut tree roots longer hold soil soil washes plants trouble growing bare land plants animals leave area find food hiding places problem happen oceans water polluted filled harmful materials kill sea grasses grow ocean floor sea grass roots hold sand ocean floor stirred making water muddy fish animals leave area plants dr anita working help protect oceans finds places polluted water killed sea grasses plants grasses spread cover bare area grasses hold sand polluted water cleaned dr plants kind grasses water polluted plants grasses grasses tough live area polluted job dr swim rough water water muddy dark picture working difficult job teaches plant sea grasses dr goes help protect oceans plants sea grasses help protect ocean floor think dr plant kind grasses areas pollution problem
think seeds seen seeds picture sizes shapes alike seeds grow plants drawings show tiny plant grows inside seed plant stored food grow find seed leaf seed seeds bean seed seed leaves food stored seed leaves seeds corn seed leaf notice food stored seed leaf hard covering called seed coat protects seed find seed coat seeds suppose planted seeds garden spread seeds soil scattering seeds helps plant water sunlight grow animals help scatter seeds fruits stick animal fur bird feathers fruits fall ground animals move place place water wind help scatter seeds fruits water lily float distances water wind help scatter seeds milkweed plant seeds grow plants seed germinates small plant inside begins grow seed germinates air water seed needs proper temperature germinate pictures show bean plant grows seed root pushes seed coat soil young plant seedling grows ground seedling stored food seed leaves finally seed leaves fall plant begins food
think sizes shapes animals backbones animals look animals backbones live grow ways imagine bird flying high air birds wings feathers fly birds feet breathe lungs baby birds hatch eggs parents protect care young birds notice bird feeds young nest keeps young birds warm feathers help birds warm birds warm blooded animals body temperature temperature air seen animals pictures snakes turtles lizards alligators reptiles animals cold blooded body temperatures change temperature air heat sunlight change body temperature snake reptiles scales breathe lungs reptiles live land reptiles spend lives water young reptiles hatch eggs young reptiles care animal picture lives water find fins fish swimming fish parts called gills oxygen air water fish cold blooded animals scales fish lay eggs water young fish care soon hatch young animals look parents look pictures frog young frog tadpole tadpole look parents
bird picture bald eagle bald eagles alive began protect birds today bald eagles live earth help birds extinct protect plants animals form endangered extinct protecting organisms protecting habitats look park picture left large parks protect plants animals allowed disturb habitats parks build houses hunt animals collect plants animals parks laws protect organisms habitats hunting laws allow hunt kinds animals laws limit number trees cut forests laws allow build houses stores factories places protect habitats trying pollute factories remove chemical wastes water returning water lakes streams factories kinds coal air pollution burned scientists protect endangered plants saving seeds growing seeds indoors later putting plants habitats protect wildflowers endangered animals zoos someday animals returned habitats protect habitats plants animals protect endangered plants animals challenge help fight pollution
think kinds living things imagine jobs living things foresters trees help protect forests fire harmful insects disease maps forest areas foresters spend deal forester need college foresters gardeners deal plant flower vegetable gardens care plants watering pulling weeds gardeners learn skills working gardeners person likes fish enjoy fish culture technician person raises young fish lets lakes rivers fish culture technicians learn skills job college microbiologists study tiny living things seen microscope microbiologists study bacteria disease microbiologist graduate college need special classes interested food animals meat inspectors check meat poultry sure safe eat check place food handled sure place equipment clean want food inspectors pass special test air water gravel things pet fish need stay healthy aquarium water moves travels circle top tank bottom bottom tank water passes gravel filter filter helps fish healthy collects leftover food wastes tank wastes food fish sick stayed water aquarium filter works
word atom comes greek word thousand ago greek thinker wondered smallest particle matter called pretend particle means later english scientist discovered atom split english scientist found atoms smaller particles scientists trying find smallest particles matter atom tiny scientists find inside small particle ernest lawrence atom machine helps scientists find kinds particles inside atom scientists smaller particles inside atoms move fast fast particles smash smaller particles inside atom atom smashers scientists found types particles inside atom picture shows part laboratory chicago illinois called laboratory tunnel giant atom small particles atoms move circle going faster faster move kind atom scientists laboratories learned matter soon united states plans build larger powerful atom help scientists find smallest particles matter meaning word atom changed atom telescope microscope
electric current magnet look magnet girl notice loops wire wrapped iron nail electric current moves loops wire nail magnet kind magnet called electromagnet electromagnet stronger making turns wire loops electromagnets magnetism turned machine picture strong electromagnet lift heavy pieces metal electromagnets found telephones earphones machines electric motors electricity magnetism magnetism electricity moving magnet loops wire electric current move wire power plants magnets electricity wires carry electricity home school power plants energy coal oil electricity energy sun ago stored coal oil supplies coal oil longer electricity electricity electricity wisely means safely electricity harmful properly help safe safety rules chart electric charges electric current electric current magnet electricity wisely challenge toys batteries switches turn toys switch circuit study pages earth acts giant magnet magnetism strongest north south magnetic poles earth compass tool helps earth magnetism find directions
pretend friend talking sound friend voice moves air learned chapter particles matter sound moves place place making particles matter vibrate sound travels wave picture shows sound waves look school bell vibrates rings air particles bell begin vibrate sound waves moving air particle notice sound waves spread directions hear loud sound stood close school bell sound waves strongest bell sound waves weaker move bell hear soft sound suppose ticking clock part room suppose walked clock hear clock ticking sound waves clock move air girl picture listening ticking clock notice places ear table sound waves move wood hear sound travels matter sound moves solids liquids gases particles matter solids closest reason sound moves fastest easily solids particles liquids farther sound moves slowly liquids particles gases farthest matter carries sound slowest
late telegraph send messages distances telegraph changed code electric signals dots dashes telegraph message wire telegraph wires carry human voices alexander graham bell born family interested sound grandfather actor mother musician father taught deaf speak bell teacher deaf interested electricity working ways teach deaf imitate speech bell found partner experiments thomas watson repair mechanic bell watson worked develop telephone working instrument metal reeds electromagnets line ran room room march watson end line room heard bell say watson want famous sentence carried telephone sound waves bell voice traveled electrical signals line message travel line today technology lets send messages distances fiber optics scientists discovered beams light carry messages thin threads clear glass plastic carry light beams kilometers fade thin threads called optical fibers teamwork important part development telephone fiber optics improve telephone
clearest signs earth changing earthquake hundred ago earthquake shook city los earthquake caused lot damage san francisco big earthquake hit los scientists studying earthquakes large pieces crust called plates cover earth plates move millimeters earthquakes occur plates hit move scientists tell earthquakes happen help save lives scientists looked ways track small movements earth surface discoveries gave tools needed scientists learned send satellites space learned special kind light called laser laser light travels distances straight line lasers measurements distances today scientists shoot laser light satellites ground stations stations edge plate earth surface scientists laser light takes reflect satellite computers record position satellite light travels faster slower station moved station moved crust moved helps measure shifts earth crust predict earthquake likely occur tell exactly earthquake hit steps lived earthquakes likely occur prepared earthquakes important knowing happen
imagine climbing swimming pool girl picture skin feel wet suppose sat sun minutes skin feel learned chapter water change water skin evaporates water vapor heat sun helps water evaporate wind helps water evaporate notice water grass morning air cools night water vapor air condenses small drops water drops water called dew settle grass places dew seen breath air cold water vapor warm breath water vapor condenses meets cold air happens breathe cold window water vapor air condenses water breath warm air rises cools air cools water vapor air condenses tiny droplets water picture shows droplets form clouds air ground cools quickly water vapor air condenses form fog cloud ground notice air feels wet fog forms pictures show kinds clouds cirrus clouds tiny pieces ice feathery clouds float high air cirrus clouds weather cumulus clouds look cotton clouds weather weather stormy cumulus clouds large stratus clouds form layers clouds spread sky stratus clouds rain water change forms clouds form
help safe thunderstorm going inside building car hard top help protect indoors lie low place stay trees water learn emergency plans community hurricanes tornadoes children tornado drill school stay indoors windows thunderstorm form hurricanes tornadoes form safe thunderstorms challenge hurricane die moves land explain study pages barometer measures air pressure look library books learn barometers write sentences explaining barometer learning weather draw picture barometer look thunderstorm united states biggest says dr ted japan dr talking mountains baseball games talking tornadoes interested storms scientist knows tornadoes dr knows middle united states tornadoes form easily cold winds canada blow south east warm moist winds gulf mexico blow north winds meet twist tornado tell tornado strike dr found help guess put map show tornadoes occurred tornadoes occurred map dr scientists tell tornadoes likely happen
kinds plants find pictures pages vegetables garden plants trees plants grass flowers plants kinds plants grow live number kinds plants amazingly large learning hard studying plants easier study groups plants plants group similarities groups groups grouped leaves page plants plants reproduce plants similar scientists difference sort classify plants large groups plants group seeds plants group seeds plants pictures pages grew seeds enjoy eating walnuts peas beans seeds plants seeds divided groups plants flowers group plants flowers group flowering plants largest group plants seeds notice pictures flowers look think flowers seeds flowers fruit covers protects seeds eaten fruits peaches apples tomatoes squash fruits group plants makes seeds flowers plants called conifers seeds inside cones conifers trees shrubs needlelike leaves pine trees fir trees conifers find cone conifer seeds picture
suppose seeds tree fell straight think trees grow parent tree plants trees need sunlight grow parent tree makes lot shade trees sunlight trees grow seeds grow spread parent tree plants fruits help seeds parent plant fruit helps scatter seeds plants need fruits help scatter seeds grass grows grass plants grow close wind scatters fruit plants maple trees fruit carried wind maple fruit shown picture left twirls floats tree seen tiny parachutes milkweed fruit tiny threads help fruits float breezes wind carry fruits seeds parent plants animals help scatter fruits seeds notice burs bear picture burs fruits seeds inside hooks fruit stick animals animal moves places burs fall ground seeds moved distances animals help scatter fruits seeds eating cherries berries food birds bats bears animals eat fruit swallowing seeds seed coats protect seeds later seeds pass animals bodies drop ground fruits heavy float air float water coconuts fruits palm trees float islands coconuts beach start grow picture
baboons hunt food leave troop stay places troop hunt smaller family groups eat mainly plants flowers seeds plants troop female baboons care babies mothers fight protect babies babies grow adults young baboons play play learning baboons communicate ways move low crouch means animal strongest moving body times means animal excited faces sounds frightened baboon keeps teeth pulls lips animal frightened opens mouth threat yawn makes sound baboons spend hours grooming fingers pull dirt insects hair notice baboon grooming baby picture imagine ant hill sidewalk pile sand dirt ant hill look interesting hill colony animals colony group animals animals jobs ants honeybees termites animals live colonies ant colony ants jobs ant queen ant lays eggs queen ant largest ant colony ants feed ants feed queen ant workers workers gather food workers dig tunnels ground workers move eggs rooms workers feed young ants colonies soldier ants defend colony
plants grow places warm summers cold winters plants adaptations help live cold dry winter winter dry season plants water freezes live place cold winters trees lose leaves fall tree lose water leaves winter lost leaves evergreen pine trees picture shed leaves winter needlelike leaves thick covering stops loss water annual plant lives plant dies end warm season seeds stay alive winter seeds live winter water freeze seeds sprout spring grow plants plants lettuce pansies daisies annuals plant stay alive perennial trees bushes perennials woody trunks stay alive cold winter underground parts help plants live winter soil protects cold daffodils bloom spring parts ground die plants bloom underground bulbs picture live grow spring dandelions thick deep root lives parts ground die winter plant sprout root spring potato picture stem grows ground stems potatoes buds buds eyes potato stay alive ground winter weather warmer spring bud sprout potato plant
love zoo favorite zoo visit zoo exciting place visit zoo designers help plan zoos improve older zoos study natural surroundings animals live zoo try design setting animal natural home zoo designer animal habits jump fly animals sleep cave swim pond planning zoo fit animal habits helps animal happy healthy zoo veterinarians help animals healthy examine treat sick injured animals zoo veterinarian operate animal zoo veterinarians closely animal nutritionists nutritionist foods animal needs stay healthy plans meals animals orders huge amounts food needed zoo keepers woman picture left trusted friends animals clean exhibits feed animals zoo keepers records animals zoo designer veterinarian animal nutritionist graduate college special training zoo keepers learn skills job zoos animals landscape architect picture designs outdoor areas beautiful zoo designer park management technician takes care lawn trees plants large zoo park
read title lesson think word left asked matter question word matter means problem science matter means book matter matter water food matter air matter takes space matter puppy kitten picture space glass milk page space takes space inside balloons volume amount space matter takes puppy kitten larger volume mass matter mass measures amount material object puppy mass kitten tell differences kinds matter drinking milk tomato juice colors thing color milk property milk property matter observed tells matter property milk liquid room temperature properties milk form matter important property liquid solid gas states matter tell matter solid liquid gas shape volume solid shape volume glass picture solid solids classroom liquid volume shape liquid change shape change shape milk glass picture plastic bag picture holds milk glass milk volume shape changed
imagine sorting clean laundry picture find pieces clothing stick dryer clothes stick small amount electricity larger amounts electricity move wires appliances clothes dryer clothes atoms atom smaller bits matter tiny bits electrons electron negative electric charge electric charge amount electricity object electron kind matter amount negative electric charge tiny bits matter atom protons proton positive electric charge proton kind matter amount electric charge atoms electric charge electron proton negative positive charges balance atoms charge objects charge electrons move easily protons rubbing objects electrons move object object electrons usual negative electric charge object fewer electrons usual positive charge
ago scientists learned electricity magnetism learned magnetism electricity today electricity machines discoveries find wire magnet pictures wire hooked device measures electricity notice picture pointer magnet causing electric current flow picture person moved magnet loops wire notice pointer shows electric current moving wire magnet moving loops wire makes electricity electricity moving loops wire magnet electric generators machines magnets loops wires electricity generators need energy move magnets loops wire coal gas oil moving water sources energy generators electricity electric current moving wire magnetic field wire wire shaped loops magnetic field stronger notice picture loop wire north pole south pole electric current running loop wire makes electromagnet electric current shut electromagnet longer magnetic electromagnet turned electromagnet piece iron center current runs wire wire iron magnetic magnetic field iron added magnetic field wire electromagnet stronger
thought light limited ways pictured light waves crowd going ways waves moved directions light compared noise noise jumble sounds ordinary light thought jumble colors ordinary light travels rays spread light bright moves farther source able light behave differently albert einstein idea light showed light passing gas gas give kind light soviet american scientists einstein idea showed light waves march step troop soldiers waves voices chorus singing note power light concentrated american scientist theodore maiman device produce strong light traveling direction thin beam single color called device laser recent scientists found ways lasers lasers jobs ordinary light doctors lasers ways lasers performing surgery knives laser makes exact cut part body harming nearby parts heat laser cleans area lasers play important role eye surgery part eye sensitive light retina comes loose loosened retina lead blindness past retina surgery took hours lasers surgery shorter simpler safer operation laser beam picture beam traveling eye focused retina
weathered rocks moved place water rain melting snow carries tiny rocks soil flows land water flows lakes streams water lakes streams carries tiny rocks soil notice rocks soil picture left water look brown moving weathered rocks soil wind water ice called erosion river flows washes tiny bits rocks sand soil sediments part land faster river flows erosion river river empty lake ocean river slow sediments drop bottom sediments build form land lake ocean land called delta notice delta picture reaches lake look ice picture left looks giant road mountains large area ice glacier formed snow high mountains weather cold snow melt summer result layers snow slowly built top layers pressed bottom layers snow ice glacier formed glaciers slowly move land glacier moves moves rocks glacier melts leaves rocks ground glacier middle picture moved rocks left wind erosion wind carries sediments sand soil strong winds carry sediments distances wind slows sediments drop ground large piles sediments form large piles windblown sand dunes mountains picture mountains help form dunes
look pacific ocean space part earth ocean small islands land edges oceans earth land half earth main oceans pacific atlantic indian arctic find oceans map pacific ocean largest ocean large land earth surface easily fit pacific ocean deepest ocean averages meters deep oceans connected find places map water move ocean oceans part large ocean oceans ways enjoy walking beach enjoy swimming sailing fishing diving oceans resources materials need fish seafood eat ocean notice fishing boat large nets catch fish countries fish major source food ocean plants producers give oxygen gas animals need live plants producers ocean food seaweed picture eaten lettuce dried ground flour foods swallowed ocean water taste comes salts water ocean water evaporates salts left kinds salts minerals ocean water kind salt ocean sodium chloride table salt salt food ocean
look pictures ocean beach times beach pictures show beach high tide low tide tide rise fall level water ocean shore places ocean tides hundreds ago learned moon tides knew high tides low tides move beach hours minutes knew moon rises hours minutes moon earth attracted gravity gravity keeps moon moving earth picture shows moon pull earth high low tides oceans notice arrow shows moon pull water arrow shows pull land difference pull side earth tides throw rock pond rock disturbs water waves spread water winds blow ocean surface disturb water waves tides earthquakes waves waves main parts notice picture highest point wave crest lowest point trough find distance crest trough distance wave height wave height ocean waves meters storm waves rise high meters find distance crest wave crest wave distance wavelength wave moves water seeing wave moves rope end rope picture tied chair wave started end rope moves wave moves forward rope rope move forward
visited hospital patient hospital saw hospital workers dressed kinds uniforms jobs hospital working help technologist helps medicines treat diseases medicines plants animals technologist finds medicine patient blood bank technologists collect test store blood collecting blood person technologist finds type blood tests blood disease patients need blood depend blood bank technologists woman sure blood safe technologists blood bank technologists college physicians specialize treating heart problems perform surgery fix damaged medical school college experienced treat patients dietician helps plan meals patients hospital patients need special diets dieticians choose foods meals fit special diets plan healthy meals patients dieticians nursing homes schools restaurants research body food foods affect body dietician goes college hospitals clinics schools test hearing find problems help treat hearing problems fit person hearing aid doctors plan treatments goes college
travel plane side earth hours send message side earth telephone ways telephone works ear works ear vibrating membrane eardrum signal brain telephone kind vibrating membrane electrical signal travel telephone friend listening picture shows telephone works speak voice carried sound waves sound waves enter mouthpiece telephone membrane start vibrating vibrating membrane passes motion plastic cone called diaphragm diaphragm vibrates membrane beneath diaphragm layer tiny grains carbon carbon grains look fine black sand thickness carbon layer diaphragm vibrates diaphragm pushes layer thin diaphragm pulls layer thick electric current runs carbon layer layer thick current layer thin electricity changing electric current travels telephone wires enters telephone receiving end telephone electromagnet electricity electromagnet creates magnetism makes metal diaphragm vibrate vibrating diaphragm creates sound waves started conversation hear words person spoke mouthpiece
find average resting heart rate taking pulse sit chair relax minutes pulse page record pulse pulse times add numbers divide number average resting heart rate health problems find heart takes return resting rate exercise foods fat easily test fats putting food paper cut brown grocery bag grease spot appears food fat brown grocery bag test foods fat margarine slice apple piece cookie peanut butter slice potato foods fat fiber nutrient important part diet fiber help prevent cancer intestines fiber helps undigested food move easily large intestine look packages cereal find cereals fiber list high fiber cereals foods kinds taste sweet sour salty bitter list foods classify food sweet sour salty bitter heatlh teacher students discussing truthful advertising student asks slogan burger stand slogan says fast food food nutrients need price story health teacher says nutritious food burger stand food eat fats sugars salt ways advertising truthful ways advertising misleading
watch closely magician box closed side pull bouquet flowers box opening box presto flowers trick magician open box magic opening magic box cell closed cell openings hard notice cells openings nutrients wastes cells scientist named dr ernest everett interested surface cells discovered layer closed covering box layer active part cell openings cell let substances pass dr discovered information parts cells experiments studied cells sea animals learned cells animals helped scientists understand kinds cells picture shows dr laboratory dr experiments cells looked cells microscope studied cells ways knew living cells handled carefully act act inside living organism dr developed ways study cells let cells soon scientists began methods help learn cells scientists cells learn organisms discoveries dr paved scientists study diseases answer important questions living things studying cells sea animals help dr learn cells animals think organism understand studying parts
scientific homo sapiens means thinking latin greek latin languages scientific names scientists speak english chinese french spanish language latin greek scientific names organisms describe large cats pictures seen call cat leopard depending live call leopard panther common call cat tiger organism common names scientists common names talk organisms scientists hard sharing information easier share information scientists give kind organism scientific scientific words genus species leopard scientific panthera pardus tiger panthera tigris kinds animal genus panthera species scientist talks panthera pardus scientists large cat means scientists think kingdom classification system tool scientific fact change scientists ideas classifying living things changed greatly hundred classification tools help scientists learn facts living things aristotle scientist lived hundreds microscopes invented classified organisms plants animals microscopes invented tools discover tiny organisms seen
learned plant takes materials food tiny factories chloroplasts cells plant food sugar materials green parts plants leaves stems food photosynthesis process steps follow steps photosynthesis picture sunlight shines top leaf reaches layer cells chlorophyll chloroplasts cells traps light energy chloroplasts process water light energy kind chemical energy chloroplasts store chemical energy chloroplasts chemical energy food air enters leaf stomata air moves tiny spaces food making cells leaf carbon dioxide air passes cell walls membranes cells carbon dioxide enters chloroplasts chloroplasts chemical energy special kind sugar carbon dioxide tubes plant carry sugar leaf cells parts plant roots stems fruits cells parts store sugar plants change stored sugar starch potatoes ears corn plant parts store starch think fruits eat taste sweet special sugar produced leaves sweet taste sugar stored fruit fruit growing plant cells need energy cells chloroplasts energy sunlight plant parts chloroplasts cells parts energy plant parts think cells sunlight notice picture tubes carry oxygen sugar leaves roots parts plant cells parts oxygen break sugar carbon dioxide water
think animals animals called protect living groups carefully watch land sky animals want eat scientists study organisms live place counting organisms impossible tiny activity shows scientists count organisms live area chapter learn organisms share environment environments change scientists estimate rough count number organisms living area scientists estimate dividing area small equal parts scientists count organisms parts look picture ants guess ants picture count ants record guess piece paper count number squares picture record number count number ants squares picture divide number multiply answer number squares picture final answer estimate total number ants picture record final answer guess close estimate guess count ants picture close estimate actual number ants estimating helpful guessing counting ants
enjoy growing plants plants give products including food eat plants botanist studies plants botanists spend outdoors collecting identifying types plants botanists study structure plant cells try find cure plant diseases botanist need college plants nursery place buy plants trees nursery worker feeds waters plants helps customers trees shrubs owners nursery workers learn skills job floral designer works plants puts flowers leaves bouquets designers need mix colors shapes names flowers cut flowers stay fresh floral designers learn skills experienced designer florist shop special courses junior colleges floral design schools enjoy animals plants love wild animals wildlife biologists scientists study animals natural environment biologist studies ocean animals study animals live wildlife biologists travel boat skis helicopter wildlife biologist need college visit microscope small seen eyes understand microscope works studying lens magnifying glass lens picture light rays reflected insect shine magnifying glass eye blue lines show path light rays eye light rays bend pass lens bending light focus eye
cheese picture left yellow solid strong smell taste slice easily describe cheese object list properties object properties tell object mass volume matter mass amount material object volume amount space object takes kind matter properties cheese color smell taste physical properties physical properties cheese cheese change slice change shape kind cheese physical change object looks changing object look picture melting piece cheese solid liquid change physical change cheese solid liquid cheese cheese tell smelling touching identify things physical properties identify foods taste smell notice putting log fireplace log chemical property wood wood chemical property able burn air chemical property kind matter reacts kinds matter
things child teacher student friend friend person similar energy change forms total amount energy change learned energy ability science happens energy move object ball top steps ball moves ball picture ball ability moved position top steps ball top steps potential energy stored energy potential energy change kinetic energy energy object moving ball rolled stairs potential energy changed kinetic energy ball kinetic energy moved blocks kinetic energy wind move tree branches high winds kinetic energy move buildings water river move sand rocks logs boats object moving kinetic energy rolling ball moving car sled speeding hill kinetic energy objects kinetic energy mechanical energy energy moves objects lifting object higher adds potential mechanical energy ball rolls higher stairs happen blocks moving object faster adds kinetic mechanical energy faster hammer moving hits nail farther nail board
ago inventors trying find light electricity light bulbs tried expensive burned quickly gave blinding light bad smell high heat electricity making dangerous homes thomas edison problem excited inventor believed invent light bulb weeks actually worked problem finally solved light bulb invented type today hard edison tried find kind matter light bulb inside light bulb needed thin string give large amount light glowed tried metal wires string soot tar kinds matter finally tried cotton sewing thread october edison turned light bulb glowed hours longer bulb glowed edison knew solved problem working light bulb tested materials glow including wood splinters coconut shells hair friend beard cardboard bamboo picture shows copy edison working light bulb amazed saw edison light bulb believe cities lit electric lights today look change lives qualities edison need glowing material light bulb lighting homes buildings electric light bulbs ways seen
oceans run water turbines places high tides low tides tidal energy turn generators picture shows power plant tidal energy dam built narrow place river bay meets ocean tide rises water flows open gates dam gates close tide drops trapped water dam higher ocean gates open water rushes inside dam rushing water turns turbines fossil fuels uranium nonrenewable resources someday run moving water renewable resource resource run dams burn fuels give dangerous wastes stored dams change land build dam canyon page canyon floods water backs dam dams electricity forever sand mud fill area water stored water longer flow dam turn turbines high tides happen tidal power plant electricity tidal power plant built narrow openings ocean rivers bays dams block rivers bays greatly affect fish living things fish live ocean swim rivers streams reproduce dams block rivers electricity tides electricity making electricity dams helpful problems dams challenge electricity
drink water times today water ways water clean water asked questions answers important clean water important earth water pollution change water makes water harmful living things water pollution sewage human wastes waste water homes buildings dumped rivers lakes bacteria diseases grow sewage drink water polluted sewage sick chemicals pollutants materials pollute chemicals called phosphates laundry soaps products end water farmers chemicals kill weeds insects harm crops rain melting snow canals carry chemicals lakes rivers factories dump chemical wastes rivers lakes ocean mercury chemical polluted bodies water picture shows mercury passes food chain notice bacteria water mercury mercury builds inside bacteria cells tiny protists eat bacteria body protist mercury thousands bacteria small fish eat protists big fish eat small fish mercury ends bodies organisms eat big fish small amounts mercury nerve damage human beings chemicals phosphates soaps speed growth protists protists die bacteria decay bacteria oxygen water plants animals need oxygen die oil spills offshore oil wells ships carry oil water pollution ocean oil spill covers water nearby beaches oil oil affect bird
home large city small town live country town live community help environment clean healthy notice trees homes roads trees homes look busy traffic trees help protect ways trees reduce noise pollution constant loud sounds damage ears sound travels waves trees absorb reflect sound waves cars trees help air carbon dioxide giving oxygen communities plant trees reduce noise pollution dust streets community rows trees helpful communities plan carefully growth local governments pass laws divide communities areas factories built parts community homes built parts community areas parks playgrounds think laws protect community compare streets communities limit kinds signs businesses put kind planning helps community look solving local environmental problems keeps bigger problems happening think governments deal problems idea true age help protect environment area young communities collect recycle litter trash collecting litter helps keeps alleys empty lots communities free pollution
weather forecasts help plans wear clothes farmers rely weather news planning crops wait weather british mathematician named lewis fry richardson figured mathematics predict weather reasoned atmosphere follows laws nature scientists able predict atmosphere behave richardson worked ways predicting took took place predictions computers developed scientists mathematicians soon worked ways computers predict weather computer successfully predicted weather handle numbers needed predicting climate powerful developed late early handle numbers faster computers scientists study data space craft measure temperature winds earth scientists columbia university studied weather data space craft sources predicted change south pacific change called el nino el nino caused african famine millions died today satellites let scientists warn climate advance knowing climate change happens help save lives early computers predicting weather able predict climate helpful
remember sick doctor office hospital help sick hospital attendants help care hospital hospital attendants called nursing aides orderlies duties taking meals patients helping patients feed hospital attendants help move patients place place hospital attendants learn skills job doctor office hospital medical record prepared record information medical record called chart medical records technician keeps track medical records checks records sure correct medical records technicians attend junior college learn job person problems breathing respiratory therapist help treats term breathing problems respiratory therapists help person stopped breathing respiratory therapists college ray radiologic technologist took picture technologists called ray technologists today radiologic technologists types radiation rays radiation view inside person body radiation treat cancer radiologic technicians attend classes high school medicine doctor prescribes important part treatment doctor writes prescription patient pharmacist pharmacist reads prescription prepares correct medicine pharmacists drugstores hospitals pharmacists college
body immune system protects bacteria organisms disease white blood cells recognize organisms chemicals called antibodies destroy system works keeps catching diseases immune system reacts harmless matter dust pollen kind reaction called allergy medicines called antihistamines help stop allergic reactions picture shows kind allergy hay fever develops antihistamines help stop reactions hay fever sufferer breathes pollen pollen enters blood vessel attaches white blood cells white blood cells antibodies antibodies stick mast cells line nose eyes throat person hay fever mast cells release antibodies attack pollen mast cells release chemical called histamine histamine irritates body cells makes blood vessels swell causing skin turn red histamine tissues blood vessels give fluids causing runny nose watery eyes sneezing trouble breathing dry throat itchy skin happen histamine person takes allergy medicine medicine enters blood sticks blood vessel walls longer stick blood vessel walls allergic reaction stops microscope examine prepared slides kinds tissue draw pictures cells
look skin person hand single piece tiny pieces close picture shows skin individual cells cell tiny seen microscope cells smallest living parts organisms tiny organisms single cell bacterium picture single celled organism billions cells body larger organism cells organism cell single cell carry processes complete processes listed chart cells celled organisms special jobs cells help organism rid wastes cells help organism reproduce tissue group cells kind job picture shows cells muscle tissue job muscle tissues body carry body kinds tissues bone tissue body shape nerve tissue carries messages part body connective tissue connects muscle tissues blood tissue blood cells carry oxygen carbon dioxide cells body cell parts help blood clot organ group tissues job heart organ muscle tissue nerve tissue connecting tissue tissues pump blood body organ body job job small intestine digest food
organism including begins single cell organisms remain single celled entire lives single celled organism reproduces forming offspring cells cells separate types single celled organisms offspring cells stick form colony celled organism begins single cell divides forms cells stay cells divide form cells cells continue divide forming cells groups cells tissues organisms earthworms humans tissues form organs body making cells cells replace cells died cells allow grow size recall organisms number chromosomes cells cell divides cells makes copies chromosomes happen cell copies chromosomes divided cell makes copies chromosomes goes process called mitosis mitosis cell forms nuclei follow steps mitosis page read paragraph step mitosis membrane nucleus disappears twin chromosomes visible remember twin chromosomes exact copies twin chromosomes line middle cell twin chromosomes split move opposite ends cell finally nuclear membrane forms chromosomes end nucleus number chromosomes number compare number chromosomes cell began mitosis
austrian monk named gregor mendel experimented pea plants carefully crossed plants traits noted traits appeared offspring plants mendel observations recordkeeping helped propose laws heredity thought units cells called factors responsible likenesses parents offspring mendel knew cell parts describe factors early scientist named morgan discovered mendel factors known genes located chromosomes scientists discover genes mainly substance called dna james watson francis crick proposed structure dna molecule shown picture scientist named able artificial gene laboratory gene bacteria grown laboratory scientists understanding genes dna genetic engineering genetic engineering scientist remove specific genes cell add genes genetic engineering treating patients placing human dna cells bacteria scientists able bacteria produce human insulin millions diabetes need insulin genetic engineering insulin slaughtered cattle pigs patients reactions impurities insulin cattle pigs patients human insulin grown bacteria works scientists genetic engineering improve crops experiments attempt insert genes resist weed killers plant diseases crop plants
imagine walking meadow early spring paintbrush bloom wildflowers weeds trees flowering think meadow walked autumn find goldenrod shown left plant blooms autumn find wildflowers weeds bloom wonder plants flower factors environment seasons plants flower spring flower summer flower fall plants bloom anytime scientists studied factors determine plants produce flowers found important factor plant flowering light light important length periods light darkness plant receives important plants need short periods daylight periods darkness flowering need periods daylight short periods darkness flowering length daylight seasons shortest periods daylight occur fall winter early spring plants require short periods light bloom fall winter early spring longest periods daylight occur late spring summer plants require periods light bloom late spring summer pictures show kinds plants flowers plants classified length daylight need form flowers short plants flower length daylight shorter mums ragweeds poinsettias short plants plants bloom
breathe oxygen give carbon dioxide gases present air carbon dioxide oxygen move ecosystems path called carbon dioxide oxygen cycle living things part cycle study picture carbon dioxide oxygen cycle notice plants carbon dioxide air photosynthesis plants carbon dioxide sugars produce oxygen plants release oxygen air oxygen released plants animals organisms respiration process sugars oxygen combine releases energy forms carbon dioxide products animals exhale carbon dioxide produce plants release carbon dioxide produce respiration leaves plant parts decomposers release carbon dioxide break bodies dead organisms carbon dioxide continue cycle ecosystem notice picture nitrogen cycle nitrogen occurs forms nearly percent air nitrogen gas organisms form nitrogen bacteria organisms soil change nitrogen gas nitrogen compounds plants nitrogen compounds roots nitrogen compounds proteins animals eat plants plants proteins plant proteins proteins lightning role nitrogen cycle lightning passes air nitrogen air combines oxygen forming nitrogen compounds compounds combine rainwater form nitrogen compounds plants
ocean water mouth noticed salty ocean water large amounts salts salts rocks beneath oceans rivers carry salts land oceans organisms live oceans adapted high salt content ocean organisms environments saltwater biome bodies water earth lakes rivers ponds salt organisms live bodies water adapted lower salt content organisms environments freshwater biome saltwater biome largest fourths earth surface covered salt water looked map notice major oceans atlantic pacific arctic indian connected huge ocean surface earth kinds organisms live parts saltwater biome organisms live close shore include clams crabs types algae organisms live environment keeps changing tide comes organisms covered water tide goes organisms exposed air organisms shore able live water clam picture water opens shell clam pumps water carrying food oxygen shell clam exposed air closes shell closed shell keeps clam drying covered water ocean organisms live farther water shore water shallow sunlight reach bottom algae carries photosynthesis region kinds animals live float swim crawl bottom fish turtles coral picture examples animals region
night york city brightly lit picture shows city evening fall lights power failure struck york city northeastern part country night york city learned depend electricity electrical energy electrical energy energy defined ability moving object kinetic energy energy motion kinetic energy object kinetic energy wind operate windmills object moving potential energy stored energy sled top hill potential energy sled stored energy possibility energy occurs forms forms include electric energy light energy heat energy sound energy mechanical energy form energy changed form electric toaster electrical energy thermal energy electric drill electrical energy mechanical energy appliances home change electrical energy forms energy light sound forms energy appliances pictures change electrical energy recall chapter atoms negative particles called electrons positive particles called protons atom uncharged uncharged atom number protons electrons electrons move atom atom electrons protons negatively charged atom fewer electrons protons positively charged rub balloon wool electrons move wool balloon wool positively charged balloon negatively charged
early computers picture huge computers large powerful small computers today computers large contained vacuum tubes tubes wired inside huge metal boxes late scientists discovered control movement electrons solid materials vacuum tubes device called transistor shown picture transistors began place vacuum tubes transistors elements silicon germanium impurities element phosphorus added transistor arrangement impurities transistor control movement electrons ways picture transistors smaller vacuum tubes give heat electricity easy break vacuum tubes reasons transistors longer vacuum tubes transistors developed electronic equipment smaller transistors packed closely vacuum tubes transistors needed wired circuit electronic devices complex wiring transistors devices took wires required space wiring late united states space program required smaller electronic devices commonly devices transistors smaller vacuum tubes large space program
color visible spectrum wavelength white light passes prism wavelength refracted amount violet shortest wavelength bent red light longest wavelength bent learned shorter wavelength energy wave carries color greatest energy lowest frequency visible spectrum nature look rainbow drops water sky act mirrors prisms spreading sunlight spectrum visible spectrum white light shines soap bubbles light rays reflect top bottom surfaces film soap colors result bouncing thicknesses film visible spectrum color blends smoothly color gradually leads wavelengths gradually change sun light objects give light shoes picture opaque opaque object allow light pass light pass shoes shoes reflect light eyes opaque objects reflect light hits absorb light reflect rest result opaque object takes color light reflects red shoe picture absorbs colors white light red shoe looks red reflects red light green shoe absorbs colors white light green looks green reflects green light similarly snow looks white reflects nearly colors light hit surface
wegener needed proof evidence support theory continental drift wegener gathered data fossils landforms support theory examples fossil evidence shown pictures glossopteris ancient fernlike plant produced seeds spores modern ferns ancient reptile lived water hunted fish fossils organisms found south america southern africa wegener think organisms crossed ocean separates continents seeds glossopteris large carried winds swim lived freshwater wegener found evidence studied landforms earth appalachian mountain chain extends northeastern united states canada stops coast newfoundland mountains formed age appalachians found united kingdom norway wegener thought explanation fossils landforms found continents continents joined explain continents moved ocean floor find evidence support idea scientists knew continents move wegener explain continents moved scientists thought theory wegener evidence strong scientists look data found data suggested climate continents changed found evidence glaciers covered india located equator scientists found large amounts coal cool regions north america europe coal formed plants grew tropical regions millions ago
place plates meet plate boundary kinds plate boundaries plates kind boundary move direction spreading boundary area plates moving crust formed spreading boundaries find spreading boundaries map boundaries located top picture shows plates move spreading boundary result rift valley africa place crust added earth surface crust builds forms wider deeper valley eventually valley widen deepen sea level water flow forming sea process describes atlantic ocean began million ago fracture boundary area plates moving past crust added fracture boundary find fracture boundary map middle picture shows plates move fracture boundary result san andreas fault california fracture boundary plates san andreas fault move past average rate centimeters los located plate side san andreas fault san francisco located plate rate plates move los san francisco located ten million colliding boundary area plates moving find colliding boundaries map notice colliding boundaries located ocean floor surface continents edges continents
oceans provide energy oil natural gas deposits located land deposits found oceans oil wells drilled bottom ocean water meters deep wells picture called offshore oil wells located shorelines future oil natural gas wells deeper parts oceans oil natural gas sources energy oceans ocean water moves regular patterns called tides movement water tides energy dam picture electricity tidal energy turbines generators built wall dam tide moves shore flows dam turns turbines turbines turn generators producing electricity tide moves direction water flows dam electricity produced kinds food resources oceans fish biggest group animals ocean food animals clams shrimp lobster food sources kinds seaweed eaten seaweed picture called kelp grow meters kelp ice creams jellies canned meats scientists looking ways food oceans fish eaten ground powder called fish protein concentrate powder tasteless spoil nutritious adding foods bread change taste powder countries meat fish scarce look picture krill tiny ocean animals centimeters millions krill live ocean antarctica source protein krill small ground powder food
ways stay healthy eat wide variety foods exercise times week track careers involve keeping healthy physician helps healthy injured ill physicians advise stay healthy family doctor kind physician trained treat health problems part body physicians specialize care part body nervous system healthy treat problems endocrine system addition treating patients physicians research teach medical schools physician need medical school college pass examination experienced physicians treat patients physician recommend services biofeedback technician patient problem stress biofeedback technicians learn recognize stress related symptoms biofeedback machine help determine extent stress technicians teach patient ways relieve stress deep breathing exercises connected biofeedback machine patient exercises help relieve stress biofeedback technicians trained special programs physicians send samples body fluids tissues medical laboratories analysis tests help diagnose diseases medical laboratory assistants assist laboratory technologists conducting tests label samples records clean instruments assistants perform routine tests medical laboratory assistant need special training high school
medicines miracle cures effects medicines miracles cures bring result ordinary events antibiotics called miracle drugs antibiotic chemical naturally living organisms poisonous microorganisms bacteria fungus produces chemical known penicillin chemical kills kinds bacteria penicillin simply weapon fungus battle survival bacteria medical scientists discovery found natural weapons humans battle microorganisms disease today scientists learned antibiotics laboratory antibiotics destroy microorganisms ways prevent microorganism completing normal cycle illustrated bacteria shown infections burns wounds bacteria reproduce splitting cells bacteria ready divide antibiotic added prevents cell walls bacteria growing walls form pinch form cells bacteria longer longer dividing cell walls weak begin break open eventually material inside bacteria leaks bacteria die bacteria leave ghostlike shadows
english village lives amazing grows prize flowers flies fighter planes writes stories children movies roald dahl married actress patricia neal children theo ophelia lucy neal live charming home called house roald talents gladly accepts challenges accomplishments roald proud son theo theo months bad accident badly hurt head liquid body produces collecting place brain theo hurt fix doctors operated theo operated order put shunt scalp shunt drain liquid place theo brain collecting doctor afraid liquid collected damaged part brain put pressure brain damage problem shunt works shunt blocked easily replaced theo shunt replaced times thirty months spare theo repeated operations roald decided shunt son help engineer doctor roald developed shunt lasted longer doctors shunt help theo widely doctors draining extra liquid brain
pet mouse medicine bribed extra nibble lettuce food bribe case ten foot tiger sore paw sick snake persuaded lie ray ahead gently stuff tube curl twenty thousand doctors veterinary medicine vets call united states face interesting problems familiar veterinarians set offices larger towns cities treatment pet dogs cats birds farming cattle raising parts country veterinarian treats kinds animals including cows sheep horses hogs chickens government universities hire large number veterinarians research animal care treatment newer methods improving health breeding livestock developed veterinarians research effect animals public health fifty known diseases communicated animals including tuberculosis rabies constantly going rid dreaded diseases cost millions dollars losses livestock deaths threaten human nineteen schools veterinary medicine united states today veterinarians short supply true soviet union produces veterinarians needed china largest producer meat hogs schools training veterinarians
mornings begin leave apartment walk briskly automat blocks eat roll drink coffee read newspaper eat ten minutes walk block served quickly place automat restaurants wait table takes served waitress silly things style automat count automat buy food vending machines look glass door food put money slot glass door opens food fuss bother places imagine felt morning walked roll seeing roll glass door saw order sign mistake search charge minutes found young girl help timing ruined afraid sign correct sir told machine broke morning hope fixed hour glad roll thing grumbled late accepted offer took roll coffee found table read paper
sound waves similar ripples pool water cast stone pond ripples spreading widening circles rock hit sound waves move sound travels waves point origin water ripples science sound waves called ultrasonic machines wash dishes clean clothes coffee things interesting fact jobs sounds hear sounds pitched high humans hear heard animals insects ultrasonic dog whistle blow want call pet hear sound whistle frequency high dog hear running side sounds heard human ear range vibrations cycles note middle piano vibrates cycles music bass notes low tones vibrate low frequencies high notes vibrate high frequencies ability human hear high frequencies generally decreases age hear sounds cycles frequencies normal range human hearing called ultrasonic dog insects detect sounds vibrations ultrasonic waves turned loose dishwasher jar particle food grease dishes clean scrubbed ultrasonic sound cleaning operation
white tailed doe lay side head slanting downward slope eye stared leo fixedly blood flowed dry grass bullet wound head leo whipped hunting knife sheath slashed animal throat let blood doe legs jerked death twitch animal young fine shape leo noticed hind leg scraped open bleeding injured luckily wound fresh meant throwing leo told venison anyway carefully opened deer stomach removed insides tagging hide straightened cleaned put knife leo picked rifle headed truck drive load deer home dark deer skinned supper happy smiling leo approach truck parked emptied rifle climbed truck box slipped firearm case turned jump noticed car hood lying ditch yards looked heart stopped ditch side small car remained god leo exclaimed instant road rushing gravel wreckage realized accident caused noise heard noise erased completely mind appearance deer
weather information regular basis morse code big problem information storm hit area news especially suffered storm weather forecasting forecasting needed farmers needed weather going agriculture single important economic activity nation industry affected weather farmer congress weather service part department agriculture study weather undergone revolution agriculture congress decided business weather entered phases economy department agriculture wasn spot located department commerce remained national weather bureau known greatest period development today size weather bureau scope activities fantastic ways river stage flood warning service warning service farmers international ice patrol aircraft information daily weather forecasts general public hundred fifty radio stations microphones weather bureau offices country large cities telephone service caller hear latest weather bulletin temperature tape automatically plays connection call
sad story happy ending bright october stately swans friendly geese brightly colored ducks fluttered splashed waters lagoon front san francisco palace fine arts birds replaced traditional palace flock absent scenic lake early summer sad story lagoon usual ducks geese swans months began april mystery ten days april april waterfowl including ducks mallards geese found dead unknown teaches lesson don jump conclusions facts newspaper story mysterious deaths contained speculation birds poisoned soon phone calls worried citizens suggesting catch san francisco society prevention cruelty animals officers watching lagoon closely found evidence poisoning scientists stanford university department agriculture usda examining dead birds early learned identified killer birds killed viral rare deadly disease attacks ducks swans geese discovered ago holland wiped flocks domestic ducks found united states ducks island york birds died discovery public disease identified dr steven snyder veterinarian stanford university animal laboratory confirmed dr stanley newcomb usda veterinarian
usual bustle passengers entering twa kennedy airport york destination denver businessmen took jackets folded carefully racks woman excited children herded seats sitting obviously veteran airline flying studied wall street journal ignoring activity plane took presented admission flight deck card stewardess cockpit introduced crew members pilot lou officer copilot dave flight engineer ralph lou instructed seat directly flight engineer gave set earphones listen communication aircraft ground stations pilot started complicated array instruments nodded completely understood rpm revolutions minute indicator fuel flow gauges distance measuring equipment rudder trim wing flap position indicators spoiler control airspeed indicator left kennedy call freehold departure lou thumbed book showed map ways airplane takes york makes heading transition point flight plan need departure patterns altitude limitations headings fly outbound departure took kennedy jersey northwest pennsylvania small charts actual departure
earphone crackled chicago center twa flight level vector lincoln anytime give lou asked give radar vector lincoln nebraska airway comes iowa city turns goes lincoln gain minute getting radar vector present position direct lincoln chart route composed legs point point point circles represent called vor stations high frequency omnidirectional radio stations transmit signals pick tell station direction indicator lou pointing instrument panel says re hundred twenty miles lincoln read chart course case course degrees hayes center nebraska crank course autopilot plane automatically follows correct airways asked lou run unusual situations pilot say woman giving birth flight replied close st louis leveled harrisburg pennsylvania stewardesses woman board months pregnant thought going early labor try case line doctor board attend ground
program closed power failing washington picture commentator faded screen supposedly broken technological country intervals program written message crawled bottom screen read events shown happened supposed viewers believing actual news broadcast viewers program exciting simply extraordinary disasters exciting needless alarm designed frighten event program passed memory viewers scarcely giving thought question remained minds program merely exciting alarming fantasy united states citizens action later summer dangerous condition atmosphere occurred eastern coast united states affecting area boston washington called temperature inversion meteorologists abnormal rare occurrence temperature inversion occurs large air masses ordinarily hot air rises vertically allowing cooler heavier air sweep place breezes winds mix air carry car exhaust fumes smoke giving inhabitants cities clean air breathe happens slightly cooler air mass slide mass warm air form blanket air ground hot air rise blanket stagnant air mass ground
highway noises fading thrushes called underbrush bubbling water whispering wind provided background music hour hike party filed silently forest pause alpine meadow carpeted yellow glacier lilies blue overhead eagle rode updrafts sleek brown elk hikers seen stood edge forest ohio vacationers knew plan wilderness refuge grand mountain vista brought sense freedom find places wheels wilderness trails found national parks section country changing moods early morning lifts sun horizon drive golden spikes light forests evening brings quiet scenes filtered thin blue haze campfire sense freedom adventure draws hikers wilderness trails travel paths wild animals indians modern explorers find thoughts crowds rushing traffic tell walk hike vary miles depending steep mountain trail smooth pathway ambling high trail expressed home hurry scene relaxed hurrying stranger national parks wind miles trails leading canyons waterfalls sweeping mountain vistas finest cool clear fishing waters isolated home country elusive wild creatures
en route arriving conclusion mcguire investigated automobile suicide resolved scientific controversy surrounding accident set referee minor arguments battle sexes pronouncing woman driver sneer ladies referring previous studies fact fewer accidents positions says dr mcguire wrong age group studied women significantly fewer accidents lowest age group women nearly accidents drivers period sexes rate decreases uniformly age levelling group accidents drivers similar driving attitudes practice sexes says dr mcguire truth accidents reduced increasing maturity experience young drive miles young women giving valuable accident reducing experience young women reasons mature socially sooner tends balance scales older adapt social harness women logging miles experienced drivers result equal accident rate age group earlier researchers believed women fewer accidents research dr mcguire compared women logically compared similar age social class family background accident differential sexes began disappear official accident records mislead researcher women likely accidents file mississippi instance confidential interviews showed women half legally reportable accidents recorded
rivera news reporter television show eyewitness news puerto ricans important television poor lot money young black white brown red yellow rivera kinds rivera things places learned care young head groups puerto rican boys boys fights groups hurt fights lot trouble family poor father things find kitchen money family rivera tried start store lost lot money trying quickly knew care friends money wanted worked boat money playing ball games places felt learn important thought school college law school top group law school puerto rican finish law school country rivera law school helped poor trouble
today believe esp esp means extrasensory perception says esp means mind special powers kinds esp say thinking say telephone friend felt needed found friend calling tests sending thoughts put room sat end room sat end told think hard color write color told try hear mind color thinking write color thought test colors put papers looked colors esp help solve crimes say place crime happened close eyes happened say hold piece clothes tell kind esp making things happen thinking hard making card want game say tell bad happening story girl happened driving car street morning suddenly stopped
ralph lives bronx york city runs gas station ralph fills cars gas ralph goes home ralph artist home paint pictures ralph grew york city ralph worked father ice wagon ralph worked times night want play boys cried want play friends father listen stay father say ice going ralph try run father catch hit won help boy father told ralph put wagon help ice thing ralph helped father carry ice homes inside houses saw things lived later paint things ralph running father angry punish ralph put reform school strict ralph times ralph think getting trouble teachers punishing unhappy days teachers let boys play games soon ralph began play say look ralph look boys standing punished
gail hurry supposed thirty gail mother shouted front hall gail snapped snap top green dress slowly walked mother waiting front hall green dress gail mother shook head supposed look re going party put yellow dress puffy white sleeves shows dark skin step gail talk room slowly took green dress put yellow began talk beautiful making commercials beautiful black models demand gail lot money modeling gail mother took bus office going pick black model spray starch commercial gail mother carried portfolio didn want portfolio mess gail dress portfolio full photographs gail wearing shorts slacks dresses coats bathing suits gail took interest portfolio looked pictures felt looking inside office gail mother took seat waited gail noticed woman desk staring gail didn stared beautiful knew wished ugly
puerto rico lovely island friendly puerto ricans united states live famous puerto ricans roberto clemente roberto grew puerto rico happy boy proud puerto rican roberto youngest child large happy family roberto father worked sugarcane plantation robert high school began playing baseball finished high school lot money join puerto rican team season team major leagues interested major league teams prejudiced black spanish speaking players prejudice black spanish speaking players major leagues surprising major league teams interested roberto black spanish speaking dodgers decided give chance play major league team roberto dodgers speak english lot trouble getting food wanted english words roberto give soon learned english dodgers let roberto picked pittsburgh pirates beginning roberto trouble pittsburgh pirates pirates comfortable black puerto rican roberto quiet
judo widely japan hundred ago allowed swords protect danger ways protecting protect hitting chopping poking hands fingers kicked heels balls feet japanese found protect hands feet cannons guns kind hand hand fighting thought unimportant forgotten dr jigoro kano started school defense tokyo japan based kind hand hand fighting dr kano rid ways judo fighting hitting added ways kind judo judo japanese word means gentle judo person attack try hold person let suddenly person balance easy throw ground push hard closed door door held shut moment suddenly opened person pushing door fall opened door person knows judo protect ways attacker comes close judo student steps side backs makes attacker lose balance easily pushed pulled thrown ground
strange crystal skull discovered ruins ancient church hidden deep jungles british honduras mystery skull solved carved mysterious powers skull unlike skull found carved single piece clear rock crystal smooth shiny exactly size shape human skull skull discovered daughter famous explorer named mitchell hedges suggested skull ago atlantis oldest object earth think skull believe mayan indians ago say mitchell hedges playing trick say skull hid ruins daughter find hoped famous agree skull religious magic act strange properties skull possessed claim powers easily scare owner desired skull strange look glows light eyes shine jaws skull open close position skull nods lightest breath air say skull magic course prove
union household workers heard thing josephine hulett decided try change things household workers twenty mrs hulett america forgotten laborers josephine hulett officer national committee household employment travels country speaking workers employers mrs hulett trying show terrible conditions nearly million women wants help maids cooks cleaning ladies working working conditions workers treated rights job security mrs hulett trying teach household position dignity jobs household worker twenty ashamed declares josephine hulett proudly tells story dignity hoping women understand honest labor deserve job rights security workers fields josephine hulett born large farm arkansas family wasn rich eat josephine thirteen mother died death mother josephine father live older married sister josephine lonely home felt extra mouth feed sister household beginning tried help baby sitting neighbors josephine longed home family left high school married
picture country road big farmhouse smaller houses nearby dinner bell rings fields small houses twenty sitting huge dinner table main kitchen big farmhouse discover share land buildings animals money care children private property owned owned communal living think communal living idea sprung ten fifteen communes actually united states america communes began pilgrims landed america early communes developed reasons communes today started wanted live families wanted share belongings commune members agree costs live feel enjoyable early communes based idea living simple lives country based strong ideas religion communes today founded reasons similar reasons starting communes similar reasons ending communes found living land difficult largely commune members city experience farming communes failed left place
story told wealthiest important person parish appeared priest study tall earnest son wish present baptism finn father asked priest hesitated baptized children asked priest twirled cap priest rose walked took hand priest looked eyes god grant child blessing sixteen later stood priest study carry age priest saw change troubles replied priest asked pleasure evening evening son mine confirmed tomorrow bright boy wish pay priest heard number boy takes place church tomorrow stand number front heard ten dollars priest
william henry harrison elected president united states america president weeks harrison inauguration held bitter cold march audience listening inauguration speech dressed cold weather harrison thought rough rugged frontier didn wear hat gloves coat caught cold weeks later died harrison death strange series presidential deaths elected president twentieth died office elected twenty period died president twenty harrison served abraham lincoln elected president april evening elected term wife theater play lincoln turned head talking friend shot actor named john wilkes booth hours later lincoln died presidents lincoln andrew johnson lincoln vice president ulysses grant rutherford hayes lived terms office twenty lincoln president james garfield elected july morning garfield friends washington railroad station happy laughing beginning vacation noticed smartly dressed standing waiting room charles guiteau carrying loaded gun walked president garfield shot garfield condition months died wounds
cook sisters loved music especially opera sing play instruments love listen length hear opera especially excited opera developed friendships famous musicians ida louise salzburg austria friend clemens conduct opera opera want care friend england live look promise ida louise promised later fact cooks realized clemens meant jew nazi germany countries germans held wasn safe jew louise ida simply aware hitler plans jail kill jews began realize happening ida party concert say strained silence fall say quietly took jews disappearing germany england cook sisters didn happening began working british jewish refugee committee germany took austria orders jewish male ages eighteen sixty put prison camp supposed weeks notice whisked middle night word
school track coach warren st james started spending lot teaching start pace closing kick learned fast hungry learn season opened running dual meets mile half mile finishing win race tired tired sleep plant momma bedroom evening clock sitting bed thinking week race mistakes didn end couldn knees high stretch sleep richard momma don don quit sport richard sat bed sighed sat worry richard trouble stomach mind drifts momma yes honey remember took woman real kid momma took head lap rocked saw star center head knew knew re gonna richard momma gonna runner coach runner momma yes honey want quit job
excuse running father scolded actually scolded main reason heard boys talking adventures wanted find veracruz chose place veracruz father mother brother sister bat walked fourteen miles mexico city highway liked road highway felt happy carefree problem food didn worry easy shack ask exchange taco gave draw water chop wood simple thing give eat lots tell sit eat wouldn let fix pack tortillas salt laid route planned los reyes walked crossroads highways texcoco veracruz meet car stop saw kid bus picked asked known saying mexico city closed doors capital bad reputation carnivals fiestas catch stealing wrong turns mexico city traveled
think friends jenny thought sat listening talked remembered evenings table divorced fourteen captive silence talking important things awful things caused trouble talking relaxed counted wonderful dinner mother smiled nervously jenny thought pound cake jenny jumping don think honey coffee jenny stopped spending alternating weekends busy school activities infringed weekends pushing trips farther begun taking dinner week begged mother ask won mean mother understand don let ask begged kitchen coffee returned moved living room sat end sofa father turned mother arm sofa jenny put coffee tray table mother moved serve jenny sat coffee table jenny busy days mother drama club paused suddenly embarrassed course jenny told wearing thick beige pullover knitted slacks kind clothes worn lived wardrobe consisted dark suits jenny thought
candles origin dates period early decided cookouts socially side served raw longer taste noticing animal fat flared dripped glowing coals decided collect burn separately appeared candles parts reeds rushes soaked fat brighter idea dipping wick rendered fat letting cool tallow built form candle tallow dips called smoked burned unpleasant odor indispensable household making regular chore baking bread spinning yarn demand century candle guilds unions formed europe members traveled regularly household household making candles attempts push darkness night materials addition tallow making candles beeswax instance employed romans early settlers england gathered bayberries boiled collect fragrant wax strangely introduction major lighting devices materials resulted improvements whaling fleets combed oceans bring whale oil returned head sperm whale brittle material mixed beeswax workable burned evenly cleanly petroleum quantity mid era lighting supplies kerosene abundant
drives station massachusetts asks fill locking nozzle automatic attendant starts front car raises hood driver realizes surprise attendant male concerned lowers window shouts mean maybe guy twinkle eye lori replies okay call full mechanic lori played scene enjoys seconds later mechanic appears hundred ten pounds shrug resignation motorist sits watches pretty pat manchester checks hood girls part rapidly growing number women capacities service stations filling tank gasoline cleaning windshields tuning engines relining brakes changing oil addition increasing number women employed dealers women leasing stations directly responsible making considered occupation customers seeing women jobs course sheer novelty seeing small blonde pat manchester clad coveralls lubricating car attracts attention customers dave station stopping pat newcomer automobile engines pat worked school weekends doughnut shop dave station junior high school bored serving coffee doughnuts
mattie married german john indian ways says indian girl marry parents picked married john parents cattle john husband provider wind snow says slowly lodges covered dig food dry meat save winter warm fires animal hides mattie worked father died yes indian children mission school remembers father died stepped school clothes recently says regretfully anymore eyes patch quilts blankets indian quilts indian blankets mattie indian heritage shines dignity tired eyes lived lifetime reservation big waters destruction degradation bright fall mattie knows cold snow coming soon live halliday edge reservation spend winter granddaughter remembers bitter winters ago days says awful bad
begins officially inmates required bed stand cell doors counted guards walk tier saying remain bed thing bed pick books newspapers floor cell spread bed clear floor exercises cell stool lay large plywood board feet typing writing table night load makeshift table books papers read night spill things floor leave cell set board loaded bed guard comes cell search knock board stool happened nude sleep routine kneebends butterflies touching toes squats windmills continue half hour want write type mail morning forego exercises unusual required want mail mailbox leave cells breakfast pass mailbox drop mail mess hall finish exercises trusty call comes fills bucket hot water don hot running water cell small sink cold water tap bed locker shelf wall toilet
chris hansen los expert played recitals california music teachers convention television appearances chris candy bill valerie thousands talented music loving teens nation crucial difference outstanding teens blind winners braille auxiliary scholarships dreams making sighted sympathy faith abilities handicapped talented teens inspiring models jose puerto rican american blind birth grew spanish harlem strumming guitar tenement shared parents brothers sisters jose brightest international stars music scene regarded greatest guitarists stevie wonder blind birth stevie interested music early signed motown teen punctuated numerous gold records sellout concerts academic honors high school stevie wonder grown foot talents grown expert piano organ drums harmonica fascinated learning compose arrange ray charles legend called genius fellow singer frank music important part ray charles robinson glaucoma claimed eyesight taught play battered piano owned neighbor albany ga
white mistakenly believed indian brides sold idea rose primarily unhappy barter maidens whisky principled indians happens color skin item trade received practice commoner missouri river tribes sioux plains tribe generally young white forced starvation army early accounts indian plains written understand role played women tribal affairs son law received rights privileges real son fair exchange mother real son left live bride family daughter husband young affection assistance protection son brother nephew relatives profit family prestige return ideally expected contribute ordinary assets honorable agreeable courage bravery hunts war horse herds practically common family property considered reasonable contribution young ability raider catcher horses chief item inter indian commerce success hunter living hope family european welcomed dowry bride custom bringing dowry odd degrading curiously degrading woman
kay walked bill bill look happened kay fired happened bill kay asked didn yes kay liked worked wasn bill fire fired smoking job bill look bill didn tell smoking started working didn tell workers exits smoke didn look smoking bill exit kay didn want walk fast smoke thing happened smoked job ask fire workers smoking yes kay happen smokes want workers put hospital fire started fast jobs happens bill want put women hospital kay want learned stop smoking bill kay smoke rosita job cashing checks morning rosita happened look looked want cash want fast watch don rosita didn thought don want inside safe walk cash want
bruno store corner buy lots buy things bruno helps find want bruno thing didn give things bruno help store jill farmer works morning mike works school things bruno bruno knows store knows goes inside store tell things kind thing bruno help buy books store tell want goes finds books read books want children bruno store cent want pay start walking book bruno knowing happens tell want put things trouble tells bruno kind let tell happened friend julio
bad pete getting taller taller falling things pete thing couldn pete didn friends think things talk baseball pete wanted play boys lost don want re pete parents thought ok didn talk lot girls talked pete break want talk pete didn girls girls home girl friends pete liked pete home school wasn looking going walked garbage garbage street pete looked thought thought rats garbage rid clean street pete started put garbage look thought comes sees want hide days pete covered started walking sue walked home pete sue school talked sue watched put garbage think things pete funny look happy clean streets sue
ago lot walked guns city didn need country quiet liked guns maybe didn feel safe knows named bad joe let tell bad loved pick fights big heavy fists blow fist put cold stayed bad joe gang bad joe sitting ned place gang ned place eat drink play checkers play cards joe playing cards lost money wasn happy wasn happy tell bad joe looking fight sam ned place sam city worked bank young dressed don think inside ned place bad joe saw sam joe thought win money joe called sit sam walked joe table sat took gloves sam bad joe joe joe friends let play cards sam played draw poker
hot august past august bad started going nuts started believe sun moved door apartment wasn hot called brother asked cabin maine woods course want remember things woods ten miles leave car cold night bring clothes watch bears run mad laughed bear sees pay attention stay rest want food don worry mean say clothes don care hot night cold days maine friends linda ron driving hours place leave car walk set woods lot clothes food big outdoors linda yes ron hot city knew fun hours sitting ground tired feet sore ron
rope attracted attention show signed rogers america places rope tricks wild west shows loved rope tricks working show rope talked talked keeping voice funny things sitting hear wanted hear started talking louder told jokes rope tricks jokes miss rope tricks say jokes miss roper learn jokes jokes funny funny things think today things think hear talk hear kind talk remember soon hear talk watch rope tricks quiet easy voice lot fun lot funny things say ran country spend times money running country today ago country run bit lot things say war trouble miles home looking
stands middle large room thin half feet tall stands quiet peace suddenly young strong move feet tall moment jump try throw floor happens hard believe moves quickly easily hands hold young turns drops throws moment later young lying floor stands smiles young feet stand older bow low older bows young walk side room sit learned lesson master strange wonderful japan master strange fighting strange fighting master wants hurt master wants stop fighting return peace started teaching young japan learned person fight peace loving didn want hurt fighting thought kicks punches
read story seen tv show outer space known book called war worlds tells mars coming earth story mars think kind mars maybe plants ago united states tried find lived mars summer united states spaceships landed mars crews carried cameras special machines study air dirt mars looking living things mars sure kind air mars thin means oxygen water mars thought thin air water simple plant mars spaceships landed earth grew excited expected find sure mars spaceships called viking viking vikings landed times places spaceships carried machines stood landing places ran kinds tests spaceships began tests sending pictures mars control stations earth pictures showed dry land mars land looked sea red dirt covered rocks controllers earth think dirt mars red rusty pictures showed sky mars red bright
cold feeling jack cochran knew monsters northwest turned woods jack didn hundreds reported seeing strange animals northwest forests reports hard believe don believe jack cochran reason lie stories true stories give pretty picture look taller jack cochran saw reached feet weight hundred pounds hair brown black heads pointed person noses flat eyes person stories tell live story told albert wild forests west canada look lost gold mine morning week woods woke found touched things missing thought animal looking food night gun sleeping bag morning saw emptied bags ground food missing looked tracks didn find later think bear bears tear mess things close camp case visitor
captain quiet trip listen bark commands bad temper morph thought remembered takeoff morph ask captain question steering snapped captain handles ship takeoff morph found convenient talk call sitting edge hours stone cold silence convenient morph thought bitterly morph shook head checked dust cloud closer closer cloud bothered morph couldn figure hit changing direction alive morph watched thick white cloud curling mixing black space moved purposefully spaceship morph tore frozen stare captain walked looked going asked began minute ago sir morph answered space front totally white took seat radio ii tell commanded morph heart skipped beat captain mad believe creature children bedtime stories passed days earth part space creature live sun dies bursts free today morph captain shouted morph suddenly realized carried captain order call ii morph pressed radio buttons heard crackle captain radio dead morph
strange young game chess magician chess player artist detective acrobat mind person mystery robert james fischer knows bobby bobby fischer story bobby fischer chess expert began bobby lived mother older sister brooklyn part york city father left family bobby baby sister joan tried lonely boy amused bought games played brought home chessboard taught bobby simple moves reached seventh birthday soon bobby easily beating joan played began going brooklyn chess club grown women played took game seriously took seriously bobby children read comic books bobby read books magazines chess studied hour hour skillful dealing opponents game blow sudden death chess players boy dangerous competitor child bobby cry beaten bobby figure beat person beaten bobby appearance manhattan chess club important chess club america soon winning games left thoughtful played club help admire boy sneakers shirt upset laid plans
loved curt level ma left curt sixth birthday pa didn hung curt paid room rent victory hotel curt stayed pa pa level hobby women didn curt figured pa twelfth girlfriend curt stopped counting curt figured women didn matter pa pa returned curt pa fact liked pa curt seventeen liked quiet pa curt curt worked pa asking money wasn money pa find curt pa left curt peaceful course things moved victory ma run card shark gloomy room hotel lighted sign curt lived terror creatures flickered walls dark pa curt small reach light string curt yell pillow terror vanished sleep creatures visit curt dreams groans loud lost drink hall banged door yelled curt shut curt woke terror noise
sonia kato planet days trying fix fashioned alarm device progress alarm system manufactured thousands ago earth kind electronics sonia kato trouble figuring alarm supposed fix alarm system able withstand heat cold attack kato thought designed sonia kato seen dozens devices worked longer frontier zone earth machinery left vacuum deep space kato grip slipped accidentally let tool left hand muttered saw float upward reach gravity planet things floated sonia heard kato grumble looked face looked uneasy worrying kato kato knew sonia sixth sense danger wrong actually happened kato looked searching red sky savages saw calmly asked figured things sonia answered looking disturbed think problem lies oxygen trapped device tiny power cells talked sonia wished knew wrong alarm system
question chickens drunk question ralph garrison blame garrison children laughing sight ralph thing question ralph learn ralph didn answer question answer questions parents asked ralph plowed furrows field circles straight lines ralph indignant father laugh ralph myrtle mule decision ralph strapped wings younger sister rachel told able fly bale hay expected rachel dropped fertilizer pen ralph excuse understood gravity project ralph stood front angry father asked harm chickens ralph answered thing father asked act kindness ralph replied answer caused color drain garrison face sign explosion anger kernel truth answer son ralph slip going produce whipping papa ralph jim navy left bottle earlier asked stuff put hair chest papa pressing need hair chest chickens molt pretty bad
savage especially liked ralph story voting pets class election ralph written ballot garrison myrtle mule garrison dog coyote congressman savage exception democrats republicans voting mules public office bill ralph arrived train station congressman savage secretary met expected memorial service including governor vice president ralph hoped wouldn attend wished knew hurting bill feelings congressman savage represented agricultural district family home large farm house surrounded cars ralph pushed bill savage wheelchair house left bill mother ralph looked making kitchen shortly afterward bill wheeled kitchen asked ralph mrs savage asking ralph comment bill room mrs savage sat fashioned couch motioned ralph sit bill left room want thank coming mrs savage friendship means deal bill need father lot alike strong willed loved bill peculiar ways showing love thought needed independence father father success anyway wanted tell husband liked spoke times remarkable stories
twenties opposites historians point differences regard wealth poverty stock market crash thirties corner equalizer twenties rich didn hide wealth masses poor read rich confusing mixture envy wonder combination feelings added longing live couple hours secret cry common folk answer aching need pleasurable bursting country movies poorest lose dream wealth friendship love anger glory shown silver screen early picture shows projected simple flickers twenties producers directors writers actors movies taking seriously art showed provide proper atmosphere glorious entertainments public certainly ready movie palace born social entertainment reason erecting ridiculous structures leading theater decorators harold expressed theory movie palace big modern movie palaces collections beautiful rugs money produce kings emperors wandered splendid surroundings sense theaters social safety outlets movie palace public enjoy luxuries reserved rich
sound breaking sewer block music henry ears screams yells gang danced trying miss sewage bursting broken block smell henry sick swore loudly henry knew judgment stay laughing hard drive henry locked doors lay howled soaked boys banged windows pleading threatening slam fist served remind henry times banged gym locker room door birthday suit henry fun interrupted flashing lights vehicles police cars city inspection truck police officers lined gang truck despite rest gang threats kill moment police left henry couldn stop laughing expression boys faces worth risking death gooseberry bushes rest night wasn fun henry honor riding station police boys smelled bad travel pick sandwiched police cars arrived station police officers yell names truck smelled awful station henry call parents ask bring clean clothes station night authorities filed criminal trespass charges henry boys give argument police wouldn close boys hear side story
arlene leader expedition fourteen women determined women team climb fourteen foot meter mountains team san francisco bay area formed group called american women himalayan expeditions motto woman place top raised expedition aid national geographic society selling shirts motto front educated women variety accomplishments mountain climbing young means joan artist seattle passed fiftieth birthday arlene scientist irene miller scientist vera watson piro doctor vera expert high altitude plants liz professor spokane washington motion picture experts young woman manage base camp college students experienced mountain climbing international flavor provided wanda known polish climber alison chadwick british artist leeds nepal team added high altitude porters cooks helpers sorts brought bought tons food fuel equipment set base camp miles kilometers looked small army moving high plateau western women eyes thoughts summit feet set base camp red green tents feet meters summit loomed feet meters nearly half vertical miles kilometers
overcome lot problems children glenn cunningham hurt child runner runner united states sick child wilma rudolph wilma rudolph born tennessee small born doctors afraid die wilma lived wilma sick hard air body finally sickness wilma left leg bad wasn able walk wilma mother worked rubbed wilma leg hours wilma brothers sisters helped wilma started walking couldn walk rudolph family happy walk wilma leg gotten started playing basketball brother entered high school wilma rudolph tall attractive girl set records basketball problems younger wilma started running ran short races trained hard high school lost race track meet wilma finished high school wilma rudolph ran games set records winning gold medals called fastest woman lot happened wilma rudolph champion runner remember runners
huskies dogs hunt huskies pull sleds carrying hunters hunting grounds harpoon seals kill bears food hunt dogs pull meat home waiting hungry families move hunting grounds dog teams pull sleds carrying sick young seen husky huskies suited cold frozen north strong backs short legs help pull heavy sleds snow feet wide deep heavy fur keeps numbing cold huskies ears suited north huskies ears stay warm covered fur inside part husky cold nose husky sleeps puts tail nose nose warm north children job training huskies sled dogs training huskies job important teaching starts dogs young dogs ready places dog team twelve dogs team dogs harnessed sled ways kinds trips team going pull sled place ice thin dogs harnessed lot space chance ice break dogs tied closely heavy ice
firehouse oxygen telephoned dr smith lived block dr smith drove car jumped front seat parks seat held oxygen tank mask hands dr smith asked parks live wife miss mason house doctor dr smith nodded drove miss mason ran summer rooming house short dr smith looked car mirror parks seat dr smith re hurt pretty bad happened hit car wait save mary wife felt wrong didn strange feeling parks reached miss mason rooming house parks hurry mary floor front room hurry dr smith rang bell miss mason opened door mrs parks dr smith asked mrs parks sick doctor smith moved today bed thought sleeping stairs floor front room found woman bed eyes closed trouble breathing doctor gave oxygen took needle gave shot arm color soon mary parks face sleep dr smith close call minutes late
plants rooted ground earth drifting winds blow dry earth wind strong dust storm sixteen saw dust storm forget started late afternoon summer wind blew slowly picked speed began carry small pieces dirt father getting water saw storm building running madman house upstairs close windows yelled shut front door martha shouted dust storm coming door help windows hurry dropped ran upstairs upstairs windows storm building soon air full fine dust giant cloud dust started rolling prairie ball terrible dust covered side house beginning pile wall ran downstairs help doors windows closed didn stop dust coming dust fine small cracks doors windows roof tried close cracks pieces cloth air house full dust coughing mother quickly cloth masks tied faces
mind motor stops running awake minds pretty control force act think thoughts feelings hood mind real need stray dreams important dreams mind stray dreams say things say re awake dreams help answer questions deal re awake sleep mind able things clearly person want sleep tough problem answer comes dream wakes morning reasons thought dreams important days believed gods dreams tell things special doctors studied dreams told meanings kings war dreams married dreams today don fight wars dreams longer believe dreams messages gods believe dreams important special doctors study dreams dreams tell lot help understand problems today doctors found kinds dreams kind dream comes form number sharp colorful pictures pass quickly eyes
hid sinbad washroom barked cried let sailors tell captain sinbad captain angry sinbad stay didn trouble sinbad loved ship dog played slept sailors campbell sinbad ate food bones problem ship place bury sinbad hid found bones beds sinbad liked candy kinds stuck teeth crew wanted sinbad quiet gave chewy candy trying lick candy teeth making noise sinbad sailed shore sinbad trip ship stopped greenland sinbad discovered sheep eskimos sinbad began chase sheep tongues hung suddenly eskimos saw wild game tag threw sharp spears sinbad stop sinbad didn stop running sheep finally called sinbad took ship eskimos wouldn kill war ii broke battle noises sinbad shake fear sailors sinbad fear drove drink sinbad ashore started going bars bark barkeeper gave drink york hong kong sinbad didn carry money credit
sudden push forward fall turned prepared heard quiet sorry saw young boys move stirred danny curiosity began follow yards ahead danny noticed pretty young woman bought flowers peddler sold cart corner woman paid peddler put money pocketbook continued walking danny saw boys knew weaving crowd boys caught woman pushed ran grabbed pocketbook ran danny stood frozen ran madly boy pocketbook danny caught boy grabbed coat pulled ground danny saw thief older fourteen couldn believe don turn boy begged give danny confused didn cops boy begged danny let danny couldn give pocketbook danny commanded soon danny pocketbook hand police officers appeared young woman thank son cop shook danny hand danny handed young woman pocketbook excited threw arms danny kissed want took bag bill danny wouldn accept money
chung lee grandfather door knocked softly walked saw sitting chair book hands waited grandfather look spoke sir chung lee asked pointing book record family tree book tells history family chung lee grandfather answered family united states chung lee asked grandfather smiled began grandfather poor farmer living small town province china heard america rich left family hard trip spring san francisco california working railroad countrymen passed brought family country hard grandfather grandmother raised sons oldest son father left california traveled wife st louis missouri opened market parents children youngest father saved money send school doctor turn son grandfather school doctor son father doctor mixed chinese ways ways learned school smiled gently think father happier worked market
called mystery track field mystery fan track field knew finest distance runners knew race ran stay leaders tire leaders entered lap race turn speed run lap kick beat runners ran won called mystery press television couldn speak spoke language country ethiopia ethiopia national hero popular countries known short thin runner kick runners start kicks soon lose speed end race runners beat meter race miles end race running leaders felt control race runners finished lap track judges called laps didn understood language thought judge saying lap began kick
henry ford show alcohol cars developed automobile run alcohol alcohol sold automobile fuel sold gasoline gasoline cheaper easier alcohol need types fuel looking alcohol makes alcohol choice main reason manufactured number things run alcohol farm crops sugar corn wheat grown harvested replanted alcohol garbage cities supply amounts gasoline hand oil supply oil getting smaller certainly looks alcohol answer fuel problem pure alcohol fuel cars drive unfortunately answer engines cars built alcohol fuel alcohol alcohol properties gasoline mixed gasoline mixture today allow amount gas united states mixture known gasohol gasoline alcohol gasohol fuel united states gas stations sold gasohol
job arrived pits early set microphones david fight talking love david told times want push window sure push love bruce showed ten minutes late beethoven perform beethoven sing dop played bruce answered let play david crowd hates wait mind waiting stop giving orders yelled stage producing pretty music song david move look re dead want move show move stage started front door going david cried boss going door david jumped stage ran yelled love bruce waited minutes david turned bruce think going home cares bruce crowd dying real music re going
creatures sea swim terror approach seals known throw water dash madly eskimo village escape terrible jaws killer whale seals whale favorite foods porpoises tongues larger whales newly eaten bodies thirteen porpoises fourteen seals stomach half grown killer whale whales times larger killer whale roll stiff terror comes killer whale leaps water body whale head forces open mouth larger whale rips tongue pieces jaws killer whale lined forty teeth large sharp snap small porpoise tossed air swallowed larger game torn battered pieces killer whale hunts cold waters north south hunts killer head fin tall person seen rising surface water killer game tries find safety ice whale spills sea bumping ice eskimos respect killer whale call wolf sea believe killer whales wolves form sea animals eskimos respect avoid killer whale death brings
cathy loved grandpa stories jim nodding listening gazing park jim hope seats grandpa settle bleachers luckily minute boy saw game stood outfield seats sir ballpark bunch homes owners let stand roofs watch game price mind owner team angry money game erected tall fence outfield sense stand roof anymore maybe catch home run occasionally smashed wall catch home run hit babe ruth cathy asked excitedly babe hit home runs later mainly fact players hit home runs babe reason ball heavy difficult hit called dead ball later switched lighter livelier ball babe ruth strong hit lively balls traveled wonder greatest home run hitter strong build place cathy jim looked puzzled grandpa understood immediately smiled mean house ruth built expression cathy york yankees share ballpark york team giants team wanted field
barney hill wife betty vacation canada september driving hampshire home portsmouth night car winding flat ground figured home betty enjoying brilliance moon reflecting mountains distance left moon slightly noticed bright star planet thought bright point light rose brighter brighter pointed barney slowed car took look looked betty later star motion barney thought straying satellite decided plane hours hills drove point light grew larger moved variety directions flashing thin pencils colored lights hills pair binoculars betty trained mysterious object thin form hot dog hills watched amazement strange object began circle car hundred feet hills saw double row lighted windows barney slowed car strange craft circled front hovered air object round plate immense diameter equal distance telephone poles road reason able explain barney found stopping car getting walking field craft dropped tree height
gruffly watching scrutinizing return plenty opportunity paintings kids sneaking trying spy thought ghost eh phantom night mean likes seclusion means want left understand yes sir lenny tremulous voice shook branches windy night found voice leave door open purpose sure snapped figured halloween night ghosts walk earth figured expect find sara admitted house looks scary meant look intimidating snarled thinks haunted leave need think produce pointed paintings interesting subjects paintings think shows look tonight seen faces nervously interrupted re due tracy party bad thought heard tinge sadness voice help painting sketch costumes smiled suddenly realized wasn mean aw wants tracy dumb party anyway lenny yeah sarah agreed don meet real live ghost don wrong idea snapped
eyes portrait lady big brown moist fact tremendous lady face big feet tall moving eye meant short hike artist easel feet alvis grant works familiar objects billboards canvas moment barn slightly longer ad painting grant trade sign painter saw sketches offered job paint painted turn century says means blocks picture area inch squares sure proportions sketches pictures freehand photograph drawing lettering measuring says understand spacing pictures grid guide close foot face getting distorted step re grant points artist method michelangelo painted ceiling sistine chapel vatican today grant dinosaur paint shop handful draw billboard pictures freehand dallas outdoor advertising company building double aircraft hangar theresa von paints billboards high scaffold painting lady calvin klein ad freehand outline painting mechanically picked brush
operation smoothly factor ideal weather cape cod chill light rain falling windswept airport race point april journey begun morning mystic connecticut portly carried winter home waiting van van rented airplane plane overhead crowd waited ground hoping glimpse plane celebrated passenger elizabeth taylor perplexed passenger asked andre seal replied plane landed pulled flowed runway glimpse andre carrying case muscled plane waiting truck applauded accompanying andre harry goodridge patron minute drive beach chosen release site gathered crate set yards water harry lifted wire gate okay home andre andre flopped sand sniffed sea paused inspect shivering crowd cameras clicked lights flashed wiggles took sea slipped smoothly sight andre annual journey celebrated harbor seal wintering aquariums boston mystic connecticut andre sea passages previous springs unerringly returned rockport maine home
cesar chavez born poor remained poor voice soft manner gentle tremendous strength vitality devoted organizing poorly treated groups america migrant farm workers chavez born small farm yuma arizona parents lost money depression cesar ten family moved california migrant workers migrants move frequently follow crops cesar lived tar paper shacks hid bridges avoid cold rain reached seventh grade cesar attended thirty schools highly intelligent learn read write parents poor send high school cesar seventh formal education grew cesar learned prejudice suffering breeds schools attended segregated saw signs read dogs mexicans allowed police physically removed white section movie theater cesar knew fight someday end intolerance chavez worked antipoverty program job forgot misfortune thought hard union organizer remembered tried failed organize migrants attempts form union failed cesar soon found migrant workers moved place place frequently poor pay union dues survive strike
sugar ray robinson muhammad ali didn tex ritter chosen elvis presley wasn johnny buster members clark gable buster keaton persons famous half hall fame count americans halls fame range known organizations baseball country music obscure bowlers pickle packers matter size importance halls fame guardians tradition protectors memory reputation indifference halls fame appearing average month range large citizens savings hall fame athletic museum los simple memorial honoring cherokee indians cherokee hall fame tahlequah oklahoma fewer half halls readily accessible public collections office garage waiting money put map accessible halls located large population centers los halls located center industry profession art craft celebrate nashville country music hall fame believed hall fame country established campus bronx community college memorial hall fame americans honored members including george washington benjamin franklin traditionally group historians statesmen voted hall
drive elm cover fondly reminiscing bird dog served jake dog lot horseplay funny stories looked verged sort reprimand paused looked shoulder sure wasn fooling pipe poking arrowheads generally playing jake reminding money homily army sergeant schoolmaster actually jake pompous tempted tell wasn style kid jake instructs weave hillside jake figured sort grid mathematical plod slow schoolboy drilled multiplication tables jake stops ahead looking shoulder knowing orders straightens holds head high air waits patiently walk past jake expected perfection nervous bird soars left small clearing gun sight pull trigger jake carefully works knowing full bird fallen stay put instructed messing bird field absolutely jake remark missed bird
girl weak sick rushed hospital vomiting hours doctors examine test father pulls bottle half full brown liquid clings syrup glass course girl poisoning textbook doctor seen hours yellowing eyes say liver failing mouth throat fill sores longer swallow doctors hear rumbling chest couple days things look sits eats talks doctors fooled progress breathing labored doctors stand helplessly able kill pain finally dies suffocation lungs useless sacks scar tissue victim poisoning farmers versatile tools agriculture control weeds speed harvest million acres american crops replacing plow standard method preparing field planting called till farming field sprayed plants weeds droop shrivel hours layer rotting material organic carpet hold soil reduce evaporation providing fine protecting crop basically till farming takes labor disturb soil requires spraying planting uniquely suited till effective called hit run herbicides
began dare military buddies contest didn place women mark race dreamed captain john collins navy combined hawaii punishing endurance events mile rough water swim mile bike race honolulu marathon implicit purpose separate boys race leading contestants graduates navy tough guy squads nearly killed trying beat finish line won trophies nuts bolts lone woman bostonian entered took place mile hour winds feet inch pound american women cycling finished winner race san diego bar owner sit ups sauna win cool drink wide sports tape contest politely disregarded abc sports coverage race virtually didn notice women recalls sally edwards top owner west coast firm manufactures athletic footwear clothing julie moss mccartney things changed moss led women field mile ocean swim mile bike ride mile marathon run feet finish line collapsed fourth crawled finish line bystanders screamed officials help dying
october lion leans lamppost grim ghost gallant knight witch carry glittering jack lanterns carved party young trick treaters roam streets seeking thrills scares children holiday united states halloween regaining original status adult holiday undergone permutations thousand halloween death scary holiday beginnings pre christian festival dead celebrated celtic peoples england ireland scotland virtually halloween customs today traced ancient celtic dead wearing costumes instance roaming door door demanding treats traced celtic period centuries christianity thought souls dead fairies witches demons food drink left placate centuries wore began dressing dreadful creatures performing antics exchange offerings food drink practice called mumming evolved present trick treating witches ghosts skeleton figures dead favorite disguises hallmark halloween jack lantern united states jack carved pumpkin britain ireland custom originated turnips originally served favored vegetable apparently blacksmith named jack agreement devil give soul return absolute mastery trade
quarter past midnight band preservation hall orleans set blowing strong trumpeter kid thomas born mckinley defeated william jennings bryan forceful clear lead horns banjo emmanuel fills spaces tuneful rhythm band swings number crowd saints marching immediately begin packing instruments crowd stands ready believe elderly file hall thick shouldered middle aged emerges moves slowly entryway pausing entrance tell gatekeeper going home allan owner guiding genius preservation hall home tired evidently endless succession details attendant hall proper functioning white glare street lamp patiently signing autographs chatting fans emmanuel kid thomas instrument cases hand chatting reluctant call allan tuba player high school graduate university pennsylvania wharton school finance army hitch fort polk louisiana occasional trips orleans boyhood interest traditional jazz wife sandra married decided live orleans largely musical associations regulars informal kitty sessions elderly black musicians polishing talents grown rusty silence finally orleans society preservation traditional jazz fell agreed hall try turn business
feel writing worksheet writing profile help evaluate writing history habits problems information teacher answer questions worksheet discuss answers class students say problems writing surprising beginning student writers experienced professional authors problems writing hard begin worry spelling grammar words don look cross things worry mistakes trying say paper kind writing begin freewriting writing nonstop ten minutes freewriting discover want say freewriting kind talking paper starts ideas flowing helps find say worrying mistakes simply write mind begin freewriting discover generating ideas words phrases focused writing specific topic notice student writer passage let thoughts flow page read identify specific ideas words phrases topics focused writing think write morning foggy class class writing pen going tonight classes today lunch pretty hear everyones pens pencils wait friday night river valley pleasant football game
passages narrative expository prepared give reasons choices underline wavy line words don understand worksheet help words ambled house blinds drawn west windows bathroom polished basin winked room look mother dim orderly opulent handsomer known lustrous strokes recent vacuuming rugs beds smooth cardboard home moved muscle maybe scuse padded kitchen arms planted wait checked yard porch fingers crossed fear finding drying hair sun hanging clothes coming fields nearest neighbor summertime lizard pushups stone striped towel line gave single languid flap breath air habit smoking difficult break thing smoker faced physical addiction nicotine series behavioral habits standing instance smoker accustomed lighting cigarette happens stress phone call letter received visitor occasion slight stress cigarette addition smoker gotten habit likely associating cup coffee cigarette
paragraph group sentences express controlling central idea paragraphs basic aim communicate single idea clearly effectively paragraphs organized communicate depends wish express paragraph begins empty space called indentation note indentations paragraphs page paragraph controlling idea notice differences paragraphs controlling idea father face rough complexion leathery wrinkled large pores skin covers nose cheeks nose broken makes look boxer lost fights mouth smiles looks hard threatening chin massive angular shaved father face rugged want talk father strict children especially won let house homework tall skinny say looking nice streak gray hair laughs lot enjoys father interesting paragraph topic sentence controlling idea paragraph describe discuss expressed topic sentence topic sentence sentence paragraph father face rough topic sentence sample paragraph
apprehensive night crawled slowly wounded snake sleep visit rainsford silence dead jungle morning dingy gray varnishing sky cry startled bird focused rainsford attention direction coming bush coming slowly carefully coming winding rainsford flattened limb screen leaves thick tapestry watched thing approaching general eyes fixed utmost concentration ground paused beneath tree dropped knees studied ground rainsford impulse hurl panther saw general hand held small metallic automatic pistol hunter shook head times puzzled straightened took case black cigarettes pungent smoke floated rainsford nostrils rainsford held breath general eyes left ground traveling inch inch tree rainsford froze muscle tensed spring sharp eyes hunter stopped reached limb rainsford lay smile spread brown face deliberately blew smoke ring air turned tree walked carelessly trail swirls underbrush hunting boots grew fainter fainter pent air burst hotly rainsford lungs thought feel sick numb
want review discussion pronouns words editing reference section chapter repetition repeating important concepts words provide continuity figures show city youth population dropped percent experts aware general decline birth rates specific declines population northeast predicted drop youth population york city expected city show steep drop according george city planning official transitional expressions words phrases show events ideas things related programs simply overwhelmed sheer numbers services adequate cut programs schools training crime severely begin city youth population decline includes decline birth rates welfare families pointed learn transitional expressions editing reference section discussion word bank conjunctive adverbs worksheet give practice transitions find topic sentence sample passages compare paragraphs noticing clearly logically reads analyze italicized word phrase aids continuity leadership political party follow wishes party members california republican leaders adamant retaining winner primary rank file republicans oppose concept leaders blocked attempt abolish practice insist winner primary fairest method selecting candidates
laundromats machines idiot run machines coming give hard money changer fails give hard rejects dollars try eat finally dollar change simply dollar bother give change washers hassle matter temperature set water want clothes cleaner put cycle lights timed exactly put softener rinse cycle final spin dryers cooperate temperature hot clothes didn want shrink shrink cool things want shrink won matter quickly pull things dryers re wrinkled dryers stop basket table full clothes hung folded don room alternative put hassles machines pondering wear disguise
look girls twins alike dan baby dan bigger talk walk goes school maria baby maria bigger maria girl black hair tall find heavy sue paul alike kathy harry alike look children look look draw picture shows look children thing alike stories children alike tell tell tell need place live live homes live farms live cities cold children dress warm sunny children dress play sand girl dressed rain
meet michele family live united states america flag united states cristobal family live mexico flag mexico meet ama family ghana flag ghana meet alexander family live greece flag greece family live japan flag japan julie family live canada flag canada met children soon meet families learn live learn nations children live earth earth round globes round globes earth show lands earth flags help find nations find united states globe find mexico globe mexico cristobal nation find canada globe child lives canada turn globe find ama nation named ghana find alexander nation named greece find nation named japan globe helpful helps find nations john father globe ball blue water painted land orange john father cut ball pieces put pieces flat table
common law reality custom recognized courts binding community eleventh century england laws prescribing proper rule conduct hundreds business situations dispute brought judge court prescribed rule based customs period centuries court decisions developed body law american colonists brought body law america united states sovereign nation common laws enacted statutory laws continued judge laws common law source business law today uniformity common law spread england judges tended decide cases judges decided led severe rigidity common law wrongs existed law provided remedy addition practically remedy law courts judgment money damages order obtain suitable remedy parties began petition sovereign justice sovereign delegated matters chancellor decide cases basis recognized legal principles basis equity conscience eventually additional system evolved granted judicial relief adequate remedy law system called equity courts equity recognized legal rights provided types relief merely ordering person breached contract sell real estate pay money damages order specific performance require compliance terms contract
offer mail offeror stipulate acceptance written delivered case agreement complete written acceptance received offeror offer manner acceptance accepted manner reasonable circumstances requirement delivery mailed acceptance effective acceptance properly mailed rule applies acceptance received offeror similarly delivery acceptance telegraph company effective offeror specifies custom prior dealings acceptance telegraph improper held offer accepted means offer communicated view gradually abandoned favor provision uniform commercial code sec relating sales personal property unambiguously language circumstances offer sales contract construed inviting acceptance manner medium reasonable circumstances careful prudent persons avoid difficulties stipulating offer accepted acceptance effective offer acceptance wire received chicago noon june contract complete acceptance effective wire actually received offeror chicago
general deals minors risk businessperson protected contracting minors safest adult parent guardian join contract minor bind minor give party sue adult party contract merchant run risks dealing minors sale minor contract avoided minor later refund purchase price demanded minors exercise profitable businessperson run risk seek absolute protection loss loss profits lost sales exceed refunds minor negligently runs car liable damages caused general rule minor liable torts fully adult minors misrepresent age adults contract rely misrepresentation detriment tort law uniform united states minors bound contracts induced age states sued avoid contracts age cases held liable damage deterioration property received contract minors sue contracts recover paid denied recovery misrepresentation age determining insane person capacity intensity duration insanity fixed states person examined according law formally adjudicated insane contracts person void regard reasonable necessaries
terms number contracts dollar volume contracts sale goods movable personal property constitute largest class contracts economic system purchases package gum sales contract gum contained harmful substance sale basis suit thousands dollars damages sales movable personal property governed article uniform commercial code effective states louisiana uniform commercial code chapters sale applies sale movable personal property apply real property intangible personal property movable personal property consists physical items real estate merchandise clothing furniture real property land interests land things permanently attached land intangible personal property consists evidences ownership personal property contracts certificates stock accounts receivable notes receivable similar assets sales contracts essentials contract additional features rules pertaining sales personal property significance type contract contract employment distinction sale contract sell sale goods agreement seller transfers title goods buyer consideration called price contract ownership hands moment bargain regardless possession goods contract sell goods contract seller agrees transfer title goods buyer consideration called price
sellers mere act selling warranty titles transfers rightful warranty title excluded modified language circumstances situation found buyer reason seller claim title purporting sell title seller person warranty title arises seller makes sale representative capacity sheriff administrator likewise warranty arises seller makes sale virtue power sale possessed pledgee mortgagee seller makes warranty goods delivered free security interest lien buyer making sales contract knowledge breach warranty automobile sold buyer subject outstanding claim original owner unknown buyer sale warranty refers goods delivered buyer concerned existed sale seller paid full goods resold original supplier lien goods seller resell goods lien duty pay lien goods delivered buyer
congress passed federal warranty disclosure act significantly strengthens consumer position warranty cases clear disclosure warranty provisions statement legal remedies consumer warranty required ftc part warranty according act consumer informed warranty prior sale order satisfy law language warranties misleading reasonable average consumer law covers consumer products costing dollars ftc provide extension warranty event repairs require product service unreasonable length purchased lawn mower guaranteed mower months returned seller repairs covered warranty seller retained mower months making repairs power ftc prescribe rules extending warranty months exceeds reasonable making repairs mower repairs unreasonable amount incidental expenses recoverable consumer reasonable number opportunities remedy defect product manufacturer unable consumer permitted elect receive refund replacement significant aspect act requirement written warranty waive implied warranties term written warranty unreasonably soon previously common practice replacing implied warranties fitness substandard written warranties significantly limited
bond sealed written contract obligation generally issued corporation municipality government promise pay sum money fixed future generally addition promise pay conditions stipulations issued corporation generally secured deed trust property corporation bonds formal ordinary promissory notes classified coupon bonds registered bonds coupon bond called interest payments due bond represented detachable individual coupons presented payment due coupon bonds individual coupons payable bearer result negotiated delivery registration original purchaser subsequent holder bond registered bond bond payable named person recorded organization issuing guard loss destruction registered bond sold record transfer bondholder holder bond contrast registered bond ordinary bond payable bearer case possession bond require payment registration purchaser subsequent holder bond collateral note note secured personal property collateral consists stock bonds written evidences debt security interest tangible personal property debtor payee creditor
certified check ordinary check official bank drawee accepted writing face check word certified similar word signed drawer holder check certified certification check bank effect acceptance makes bank liable payment check binds warranties acceptor certification obtained holder releases drawer liability rationale releasing drawer liability holder willing accept obligation bank pay require payment payment parties discharged future liability failed free parties accepting certification place payment holder loses proceed parties sherman gave garner check bank garner didn want cash check carry cash traveling certified garner arrived destination bank failed insufficient pay depositors garner received bank liquidation sued remaining garner recover chose check certified money bank taking risk check bank draws funds signed cashier responsible official bank called cashier check check bank paying obligations wishes remit form personal check
generally rights holder consumer paper subject defenses original purchaser debtor arising consumer transaction consumer paper includes writings check draft including accounts contracts chattel mortgages negotiable instruments case consumer sales debtor assert defenses limited number days receipt goods maximum number days case consumer services assert defenses limited number days services rendered states limit rights debtor loan arranged seller goods directly seller laws apply credit card sales credit card issued seller federal law credit card holder refuse pay credit card issuers cases earnest effort returning goods chance correct problem seller purpose modifying abolishing special status holder due course prevent frauds frequently practiced consumers unscrupulous business individuals sell shoddy merchandise credit immediately negotiate instrument credit bank finance company consumer discovered defects goods payment avoided holder commercial paper purchased knowledge potential defenses holder due course
partnership arises persons question enter agreement satisfies definition partnership partnership persons agree contribute property money running business owners purpose making profit fact call partners conversely mere fact persons say partners establish partnership elements definition partnership satisfied instances prove exactly happened death witnesses destruction records provided uniform partnership act proof person received share profits prima facie evidence partnership means absence evidence held partnership prima facie evidence overcome conclusion reached partnership showing share profits received wages payment rent purchase price goods conduct persons fact partners mislead persons thinking partners situation person thinking authorized agent case false impression partnership law frequently hold apparent partners denying partnership exists persons harmed conduct retired merchant business bought vast quantities merchandise wholesaler credit wholesaler excellent
corporation association individuals united common purpose permitted law common change members dissolution association definition early decision supreme court united states considered satisfactory definition term corporation unlike partnership corporation need organized purpose making sharing profits organized lawful purpose pleasure profit corporation known law entity distinct existence separate existence individual members chief justice marshall defined corporation artificial invisible intangible existing contemplation law circumstances courts disregard entity concept corporation determine case individuals owning running corporation corporation involved corporation considered artificial person natural persons responsible formation manage control affairs corporation makes contract contract legal entity corporation individual members rights powers individual sue sued fined violating law recourse constitution protect liberties corporations existence essentially product modern era rapid expansion industry small shops giant enterprises required large amounts capital
type stock arrangement classes stock issued voting common stock common stock common stock features preferred stock preferred dividends participating cumulative feature distinguishes common stock preferred stock stock subscriber purchase classes units shares stock shares voting stock donated subscriber reason voting stock low par cent tenth cent share ostensibly arrangement overcomes objection preferred stockholders giving voting rights buys shares stock vote stock receives vote gift shares public permitted buy voting stock sets promoter promoters buying voting stock investment buy majority voting stock corporation stock face assigned par stock stock face assigned par stock preferred stock par common stock par par stock law requires par stock issued return payment money property services equal full par relates price corporation issue stock original subscriber effect price paid shareholder buyer price ordinarily market price par
signing lease landlord warrants lease premises tenant possession period lease term lease tenants exclusive possession premises owned property questions owner lease property landlord defend tenant exclusive possession failure landlord give possession protect tenant rights subjects landlord liability damages dispute landlord tenant existence nuisance disturbs tenant quiet enjoyment property failure remove dead rats wall failure stop disorderly conduct part tenants frequent unnecessary entrances property landlord agents examples acts courts held destroy tenant quiet enjoyment constitute breach warranty part landlord nuisance existed tenant leased property tenant aware existence complain deemed waived nuisance landlord control tenant avoid contract nuisance arose subsequent signing lease landlord fails refuses abate nuisance landlord control tenant terminate lease sue damages cases tenant seek injunction compelling landlord abate nuisance watson rented apartment floor story apartment building
states prescribe formalities wills formalities strictly adhered written testator handwriting dated need witnessed number states states witnessed states witnesses regardless written usual requirement witnesses testator sign presence states require testator inform witnesses instrument signed testator called publication subscribing witnesses required required offered probate identify signatures signature testator present signature states require subscribing witnesses generally required persons identify signature testator basing opinion testator signature experience prior correspondence business records involving testator signature person drawn according legal requirements court disregard property disposed manner entirely foreign testator wishes special types wills meet special circumstances holographic wills written entirely hand testator states distinction holographic wills states variations general law wills established holographic wills states holographic wills recognized wills oral wills declared testator presence witnesses
debtor individual arrangement composition creditors worked attempts achieve advantages business reorganization act businesses individual regular income stock commodity broker unsecured debts secured debts file petition chapter chapter completely voluntary common law unwilling creditor prevent composition creditors insolvent debtor present law majority creditors impose settlement dissenting minority debtor fully released debts formally declared bankrupt purpose arrangements compositions prevent hardship liquidation debtor give debtor opportunity develop plan full partial payment debts extended period plan benefits creditors likely run receive greater percentage money owed bankrupt cooperate fully trustee requested creditors meetings attended relevant evidence debts due furnished bankrupt file trustee schedule schedule sufficient detail trustee list secured creditors partially secured creditors unsecured creditors failure bankrupt cooperate trustee obey orders referee prevent discharge bankruptcy subject criminal prosecution contempt court creditors bankrupt present proof claims trustee
population labor force united states continue show major age categories according united states bureau census fastest growing age group move age group produces percent increase million age group viewed positive trend supervisory management concerned relative shortage middle aged workers age bracket shortage due primarily low birth rates depression middle aged group highest percentage supervisory management positions workers age group increase need possess management skills authorities estimate percent supervisors managers needed labor force decade order find develop supervisors organizations look middle aged workers age categories younger older employees federal law prohibits discrimination employment employees ages law requires qualifications stressed employment policies surrounding workers protected age segment likely employees choose continue working capable means higher numbers older age categories labor force
managerial functions supervisors regardless technical functions engaged managerial functions supervisory position similar position supervisor production line supervisor housekeeping division supervisor laboratory chief engineer maintenance department supervisor stenographic services token basic managerial functions regardless level management matter supervisor firing line middle level management part top management executive group matter kind organization working managerial functions supervisor working industrial enterprise commercial enterprise nonprofit organization fraternal organization government office school hospital supervisors managers organizations perform basic managerial functions text functions classified major categories planning organizing staffing directing controlling purposes familiarity convenience introductory general description functions follows text devoted discussing expanding meaning ramifications functions supervisory level managerial function consists determining future called planning consists setting goals objectives policies procedures plans needed achieve purposes organization planning manager decides alternative courses planning primarily intellectual nature
acceptance theory authority states manager possess authority subordinate employee accepts supervisor instruct employee carry assignment employee alternatives choose likely employee refuse obey rejecting supervisor authority exposed disciplinary action likely employee grudgingly accept supervisor direction carry assignment mediocre minimal fashion employee accept order carry varying degrees performance employee requirements supervisor expected degree employee accepts supervisor authority amount informal authority granted supervisor important part employee choice alternatives employees accept authority supervisor actually possess authority course employees choice accepting authority accepting alternative obviously leave job desirable choice merit considering authority accepted employees authority bring results briefly stated origin authority considered viewpoints formal looking authority originates ownership rights formally handed top line supervisor contrast consideration authority subordinates confer supervisor degree willingness accept respond supervisor direction validity point view
making selection alternatives supervisor influenced guided experience chances situations saying experience teacher apply extent supervisor decide wisely personal experience experience manager knowledge gained experience helpful guide importance underestimated hand dangerous follow experience blindly looking experience basis choice alternatives supervisor examine situation conditions prevailed earlier decision conditions identical prevailed previously decision similar previous occasion conditions changed considerably underlying circumstances assumptions longer decision identical earlier experience helpful event supervisor called substantiate reasons making decision part defensive approach excuse experience experience viewed future mind underlying circumstances past present future considered realistically experience assistance selecting alternatives supervisors admit times base decisions hunch intuition supervisors unusual ability solve problems satisfactorily subjective means deeper search disclose intuition supervisor appeared based decision experience knowledge stored supervisor memory
addition barriers discussed arise factors deep rooted personal feelings prejudices physical conditions employee indifference don care attitude stands communication message employee acted half biases stereotypes age race sex personality determinants illustrate suppose young recent college graduate assigned experienced office supervisor service loyalty firm supervisor believe young liberal centered lacking dedication hard supervisor hears evaluates younger employee says notions mind difficulty relating younger employee younger employee feel older generation stuffy rigid resistant change ideas age gap employee supervisor easily lead communication barrier barriers effective communication numerous diverse supervisors assume messages send received intended matter fact supervisors consider taking attitude messages send likely distorted supervisors operate premise likely power overcome barriers improve chances mutual understanding techniques methods overcoming barriers communication simple straightforward supervisors recognize techniques utilize utilize frequently
planning promotes efficiency reduces waste costs planning haphazard approaches minimized avoided minimum completion activities planned facilities advantage smallest department total investment physical resources substantial sum planning supervisor able achieve maximum performance employees resources step planning develop statement goals objectives results plans activities directed setting objectives function top management define primary purposes business organized goals include production distribution product service customer employer profit reward taking risks research development figure major company statement corporate goals published distributed employees general public organizations utilize terminology objectives formulated organization called primary objectives primary goals order distinguish goals established divisions departments primary objectives general framework operations lead formulation specific objectives departmental managers supervisors division department turn clearly set objectives guides operations goals divisions departments organization called supportive objectives supportive goals supportive objectives framework primary objectives contribute achievement organization purposes
major departments organization defined top management supervisors typically concerned activities limited areas supervisors confronted need limited areas acquainted alternatives grouping activities options top level managers define major departments commonly set according function products services territory customer process equipment widely accepted type jobs guiding thought establishment departments businesses organizations idea specialization division activities alike similar department typing stenographic services grouped clerical department stenographic pool sales activities grouped sales department production assembly department inspection activities quality control department functional method successful organizations basic method makes sense natural logical arranging activities company grouping departments functional lines takes advantage occupational specialization placing functions kinds training experience equipment facilities supervisor responsible basic type operation energy expertise concentrated functional facilitates coordination supervisor charge entire activity easier achieve coordination function performed divisions
word training frequently denote educational process supervisory fitting term context part experience development part understudies eagerness develop initiative starters bringing understudies point finally authority tedious slow process certainly worth effort alike definite procedures outlined case common procedures development process situations gradually supervisors bring understudies detailed workings department supervisors show departmental reports explain information provided supervisors tell understudies reports supervisors introduce understudies supervisors staff members personnel associate contact goes advisable permit understudies attend supervisory meetings chance learn general aspects supervisory job supervisors show department related departments daily problems arise supervisors encourage understudies try solve understudies develop solutions supervisors chance analyze situations approach decision making supervisors teach understudies basic process decision making pointing proper steps pitfalls avoided
problem narrowed understood members group relevant facts presented logical organized manner facts discussed evaluated step group suggest alternative solutions problem hand point group decision making process outlined chapter chairperson realize solution alternative considered chairperson strive realistic solution overlooked conference members urged propose alternatives develop step evaluate alternative solutions discuss advantages disadvantages proposal discussion eventually narrow alternatives general agreement reached advisable eliminate alternatives unanimous consent alternatives remain evaluated order arrive solution chairperson play role middleman conciliator proposing solution acceptable members group possibly convincing members opinions persuasive preferably final solution synthesis desirable outcomes remaining alternatives process integration important points incorporated desirable solution chairperson sensitive job helping holding minority opinions save face easier achieve final decision incorporate person ideas partial victory course tedious process compromise solution strongest solution
employee appraisal formal system called performance appraisal employee evaluation employee rating merit rating purpose formal performance appraisal reduce objective terms performance experience qualities employees compared job requirements taking consideration job factors cooperation dependability output housekeeping judgment safety formal evaluation system helps supervisor consider job factors cited carefully reduces personal biases supervisor individual employees forces supervisor observe scrutinize subordinates point view performing job improve performance employee poor performance failure improve due part supervisor inadequate supervision formal appraisal serves evaluate improve supervisor performance formal appraisal system serves important purpose employees improve performance employees want supervisors think employees desires stand interpreted ways employees realize poor job hope boss critical anxious assured direction employees feeling outstanding job want boss recognizes appreciates services formal appraisals regularly important incentive employees large organization
max brown job stopped favorite clothing store bought white shirts conform company dress code nancy brewer barber shop haircut graduating high school months ago arriving store max brown introduced carl store supervisor told brown aisle tell sean kelly head stock clerk brown walked aisle knowing waited show minutes later kelly aisle stock truck full cases brown introduced told sean kelly yeah sean kelly going lunch case cutter price figure minutes sean kelly left aisle max brown standing confused training program thought nancy brewer lockers store personal items wondered brewer told punching card wondered cards kelly apron protect clothes brown tried figure thought look backroom answers questions walking backroom confronted stock clerks asked hang coat card find apron
stated earlier general supervision concerned routine daily tasks employees general supervision means permitting employees prescribed agreed limits details tasks decisions tasks performed supervisor believes employees want job find greater satisfaction making decisions supervisor communicate desired results standards limits employees delegate maintenance department supervisor assign group employees paint interior walls plant supervisor simply tells group secure paint materials remind painting interfering normal operations production department supervisor suggests target date completing painting project leaves group supervisor say occasionally check group encounter problems need help recognized general supervision supervision general supervision employees expected routine jobs results expected supervisor simply avoids giving specific instructions detail precisely results achieved general supervision means supervisor supervisor employees set realistic standards high represent challenge high achieved standards known stretching standards employees efforts measured standards
juan sanchez store supervisor store sanders supermarkets months talking district manager milton major renovation grocery section store called sanchez tell meeting corporate main office held discuss renovation project store meeting attended supervisors sales department construction department district managers corporate operations manager end meeting generally agreed store reorganized called reset language company including moving main aisles supervisor reset crew construction supervisor submit final plans cost estimate meeting group scheduled week later visit store milton told juan sanchez meeting informed sanchez plans store added finalized failed mention part reset include moving aisles week completed plans costs submitted final ok corporate operations manager ordered schedules supervisor reset crew construction supervisor assigned job putting paper motion milton called juan sanchez reset project store ok let soon hear month later juan sanchez driving mental note call milton ask reset project
supervisors preoccupied defending trying justify positions giving shop steward aggrieved employee opportunity present case fully supervisors bear mind principles discussed chapters communication interviewing applicable complaints grievances shop steward employee encouraged say minds gain impression supervisor willing listen wants provide fair treatment problem loom large person talks likely person inconsistent remarks weaken argument listening supervisor likely minimize hostilities tensions initial hearing attempting distinguish facts opinions means cautious placing reliance hearsay opinionated statements hand supervisor avoid trying confuse shop steward employee supervisor ask complaining employee pointed questions regarding involved alleged problem place connection grievance grievance frequently impossible gather relevant information feasible settle grievance immediately conditions supervisor tell complaining employee shop steward gather information reasonable frame supervisor postpone decision excuse need facts relevant information obtained undue delay
henry floyd foreman construction crew municipal power light company crew consisted roy mcmillan howard mel morning job henry floyd directed howard mel climb pole remove number tree limbs fallen main power line consisting volts senior lineman roy mcmillan henry don believe safe climb pole wind blowing tell happen broken limbs power line henry floyd responded roy jobs occasions problems floyd proceeded outline roy mcmillan job avoid accident mcmillan truck howard mel gathering tools shortly afterward floyd roy mcmillan henry re going climb pole think unsafe job order safely henry floyd replied listen fellows times supervisor ultimately makes decision job safe jobs dangerous problems roy mcmillan checked union agreement safety clause determine job safe henry floyd looked contract clause mcmillan showed read employees responsibility safety fellow employees affected
crusoe raised fifty rolls tobacco began increasing wealth business arrived father sensibly middle station lived brazil learned language tell friends adventures befallen especially adventures guinea coast bought slaves friends attentive part dealt buying negro slaves group friends proposed outfit ship crusoe guinea coast bring shipload slaves crusoe equal portion slaves contribute outfitting ship crusoe considered fair proposal consented accepted offer slaves condition friends look plantation crusoe put writing effects distributed case death left half portuguese captain half shipped england ship ready crusoe board evil hour september father mother hull ship carried commerce toys trinkets trade negroes twelve days sea sailing coast crossing ocean storm blew twelve days tossed sea expecting swallowed storm crew died cabin boy washed overboard
regained measure peace mind spent fourth july fourteenth july exploring environment island ten months desired greater knowledge physical aspects island fifteenth july creek brought raft shore bank creek found tobacco growing wild found sugar canes growing wild sixteenth farther abroad found fruits melons grapes grapes decided raisins spending night tree traveled nearly miles delicious vale began believe king lord island possession found cocoa trees orange lemon trees spending days pursuit home samples fruits seen nineteenth brought small bags bring home surprise left heaps trodden devoured considered moving home part island pleasant fruitful spent july area built bower surrounded fence owner type country home rains forced stay seacoast house august excellent raisins winter food fourteenth august middle october rained nearly forcing cave days
attempt sea unnerved crusoe lived quiet sedate entire turning attention mechanic exercises fashioned pipe exceedingly proud improved convenient baskets noticed supply gunpowder fast dwindling resolved hold supply snares catch wild goats game begin seriously goats eleventh catch included large goat traps kids male female goat fierce obliged let brought kids found undertake making enclosed piece ground restrain protect creatures constructing hedge yards length yards breadth vowing enlarge flock increased eighteen months later twelve goats months forty goats counting eaten found supplied butter milk cheese bountiful food praised god protection things received imagined king surrounded servants poll dog cats island complete command crusoe resolved sea describes outfit decided wear wore shapeless cap goatskin short jacket goat skin breeches skin goat footwear goat skin
hey archie chuck look re doin re puttin fence lot ruin ball field em stop excuse sir re fencing vacant lot kids hurt start tearing building hey kids lot big play afraid son gonna brand building erected cover lots shucks fair playground afraid kids public playground sure live ten blocks re allowed wander neighborhood boy hits kids don blame mad lots fun vacant lot building progress suppose yeah trouble progress hurt hurt disappointed guess kids losing vacant lot corner going build playing lot anyway don waste sympathy play street kids learn adapt easily milk human kindness curdled guy re playing street watch kid golly close guess playing street idea safer vacant lot kids tiny playground pretty shape lots fenced kids mess
utterly fantastic body brute eric goes hillside high wish athlete riverdale disgusting hate girls drooling enemy trouble claims guy practically superman physically huh talent muscle strength agility bound lack maybe bad hillside high bad fair score riverdale clayton andrews fitness test impressive hillside mean ready big ell maybe takes real pass clayton andrews test bet biceps hey hey guys show guys handle test gotta re summer version mile swim pushups mile run soft sand dunes pushups walk feet hands guys watch okay easy swims powerful stroke gasp mile sand run dunes parking lot clayton andrews challenging test pant puff riverdale guys tougher thought eric slow re supposed dancing tonight gasp later pet don bother gasp hands feet girls
bathing suits call boys feel wasting bikini boys re playing football coach summer practice wonder miss miss idea spend summer yeah swimming girls uh concentrate worrying dose guys da beach try midge ladies sewing circle football team let going guys gee coach belong beach gridiron sweating middle summer teams conference holding summer practice let guys beach teams ahead start shaping real soon re going wind place sure look girls gave beach call loyalty need hard keeping minds football distraction boys couldn beach decided bring beach wow girls show lot style styles show lot girl told boys appreciate don mind ahead finish practice meantime tans didn problems central high coming today light scrimmage hey keats
consider friendly warning detective interfere latest project surely joker deck die let say joker mad march hare ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha ha practice need show ha ha ha ha ha city shore tides economic social hotel part gotham fashionable tide prosperity ago officially shut doors public maintains loyal clientele ahem attention fearless leader psst craps soak blanket leo roll don care moses boss tsk tsk hate displays disrespect craps hey didn heh heh joke boss thought going poison flower eh craps silly yeh heh heh try joke boss prison gentlemen reason lose discipline leo clean sure boss let put past project amusing look gentlemen killer arthur reeves city smart money gotham mayor election eve wrong arthur reeves
universe big place bigger decision million dimensions alternative takes place possibility evolution likewise exists place alike small thing person differentiates universe door worlds predominant forms exactly civilization totally turn place truth saw sight skies earth multitude dimensional planes stars guide inspiration ignore signs give returned stars bidden save single insure future odd quirks fate mission save actions lead brink destruction survive falls silent stars fully understand workings fate falls cosmic awareness left revel secure warmth ignorance welcome royal court despite appearances contrary simple civilization based monarchy unlike seen centuries possesses strange mix feudalism technology
traverses gotham city streets filling crisp afternoon air sound kids streets trouble give gotham boy league soon loudspeaker stops replaced dry rustle bills need shove folks glad want give heard em robin endorsing re thousand donations later wow sinclair week total burns son told call bronco bronco burns re rollin dough interpret associate colorful jargon correctly robin quota week fifty thousand dollars terrific catch week bagging crooks bruce chance help kids em punching bags cops pretty weak pun lacks punch yawn tired hours dick sleeps sleep bone weary dream fortunate morning bring nightmares police report leads dollar robbery gotham boy league headquarters broken overnight th calm dick read early police reports definitely smells need help aw bruce need solve simple robbery robin raised funds robin recover solo huh photos mug shots sinclair burns bruce going seat dick going hurt sinclair burns police records older re con dick
reich crashing adolf hitler months ago strife torn pacific battle goes vanguard battle horror called war ii band determined liberty lovers invaders heroes living legends axis powers launched plans domination towering legend legends red white blue garbed juggernaut captain america witness history unfolding eyes incendiary misnamed human torch aided young ally blasts phalanx emperor finest prince undersea atlantis swoops sky human dive bomber proving savage mariner reckoned waves startled sons nippon attempt blur yellow blue explodes partner liberty legion high flying miss america side tiny isle job luring bloodthirsty hosts bucky gotcha cap going buck nice hours practice paying re perfect re sure getting cap look huh blast let guard drop lost lives bargain stupid battered shield original cold hades let couple rats write end captain america career
heaven hell myriad realms sir surprised look lack recognition eyes surely forgotten mister ah mask side study sir yesterday mister full tricks met outdone tricks sir mister master space arts resorts tricks tell honestly encounter fruitful let say interesting leave understand understand sir mister star wandering elders universe called eons meditations probed heart cosmic mysteries dissected spiritual fiber creation answer question dressed look think answer sir entranced souls reflections reflections couch answers riddles maybe help heart riddles cap devil devil cap soldier lucky wear uniform captain america face familiar past lines age recognize newspaperman jeff mace known star spangled super hero called patriot
ya mister don young lord haven felt wonderful heaven mace listen game call insanity tell want end end cap don going glorious bring adam ii toppled hitler blast re living fool dream re hold intruders claim adam ii voice metallic unemotional familiar captain america turns finds sickened feeling afraid torch miss america bucky answered names unimportant matters master computer banks registered biological threats machine order eliminated look mace look friend didn mean dreamed patriot stammers atlantis lunges captain america reacts late recriminations mace re blood wanted action captain america captain prove buffoon think prove incapacitated let concentrate efforts reliving past eyes madman human torch knew invaders precious spark humanity
don ask left snooze dream force fed chefs europe look spindle hi cheryl snob city exclusive institute learning attend mean re academy anymore school meant dummy maybe shouldn mention didn forget forget don think think forgot bathing suit clod latest european beach wear tell thought insensitive teach lesson manners don look learn jason sis pay attention need defend honor re kidding ell maybe exactly honor insulted wears silly hat thought think creep don dig anyway today creep deck pleasure hey moose favor jug goin swim eye hat wise guys hiding sure thing safest place guy nuts disturb gettin hot shade midge umbrella heck fun deck gotta find ah hat neon sign
jug want beach yawn suppose place spend let hope enthusiasm contagious don think stand excitement don sarcastic arch beat sox sleep night let don mind going split huh looking gang crave solitude hermit bit okay later find nice quiet hide dunes ah sheer ecstasy girls found hi love wore hat weird pin turns girls panting passion puppies today don strength ditch hat pin rest ooh ooh think germ idea goal arousing females psst yeah yuh want somethin er found hat obviously misplaced purpose bet glad rid dumb looking thing smart mouth till owner claims week heave ho sure don throw today taste headgear re paying attention maybe snooze need badly wear silly lid say turn sandal er uh yeah coming alice maybe lost parking lot
heck racket re tearing playhouse hey kidding mon let find gang arch love watch destructive real weird character talkin arch character reg seeing building demolished boy happens stuff place torn truck dump wanted palm tree call pick spot tropical paradise lots stuff re dreams true don leave riverdale building island paradise dreamed living tropical island thing real mccoy nice bet arch reggie add string guys seen beach thinks robinson crusoe loony let curious wanta bet tell knew kid loony scenery playhouse created fool paradise mean fool holy honolulu lookit wow gotta jug friend call doll hope don mind competition help friendly type baby corn sake
rocketed baby exploding planet krypton el grew manhood earth yellow sun lighter gravity gave fantastic super powers city metropolis poses mild mannered newsman clark kent battles evil earth superman re seeing double slightly perplexed steel believe doubt recognize fellow left goes terra boy days west trained outfitted super scientific gadgetry alien beings return native century later meanest desperado ride superman numerous galactic outlaw past face terra times clocks metropolis read noon office buildings city begin millions inhabitants streets midday typical scene typical metropolis city things disturbing habit typical frankly blame citizens town able sights hoo scatter comin try city hard guess going live city superman bill talked seriously moving cleveland beginning think terra keeps coming earth give hard
onward brave battle cat goddess called threat imminent aye truly look forward malevolent sorcerer influence forever ended cat rue evil set foot land let find fasten jaws foul flesh thing cat master aid stars attacked evil nay tis dark lord need concern face rider stand shadow looms ominous land quarrel likes save desire create care petty worldly concerns cosmic evil greater importance fate abandon quest cosmos home stay die bold star spawn goddess tell let stand mission surely delay let consequences head fortunate retain ere goddess cosmic potent surely stunned power vest created force field shield attack grant strength strike
looks earth clothing architecture yuh hit head re earth leastways em yore super powers gonna yuh reckon yore powers based science thet word heard round parts ugh krypton magical blasts terra finger neat trick bet yo re jest meet dude taught hold yore cape comes terra howdy super yore pal tellin yuh jest set eyes yuh terra yuh pardner magical thet danged magic stuff reg ol science beat ways sunday shoot couldn nothin earth anvil powers don operate universe magic science sure magical creation fun varmint pardner want friend don jasper hole wall yuh tell sorta thet met didn deserve run gauntlet wild injuns heh heh gonna fun custer felt big horn choice matter
born princess daughter hippolyta queen left tranquil groves paradise island battle evil beautiful aphrodite wise athena stronger hercules swifter mercury wonder woman warm atlantic breezes amazon princess gentle winds needs soar soaring knows joy delights unmatched earthbound pursuit skies beloved paradise island free inviting globe fierce storms brewing hola mother clouds riding today greetings diana heart pleasure robust full wind gliding brought radiance cheeks merely mother sense satisfaction lately felt role wonder woman frustrated ways angered calm complacence accept rise evil power lust means needed fight justice reason love amazon society mother thank teaching thanks daughter dear queen thanks shaped gave provided place spirit needs renewing home diana afraid called rest filial devotion reason believe grave danger kind danger mother
air countryside royal castle save plaintive cry dark bird prey pounding footfall prince cat instant ye answered summons haste sweet prince thou called sorceress need thy powers command goddess speak say mighty faithful battle cat service think menace faces ye speak ye champion tis speak nay sailor solar winds threat whilst evil incarnate loose whilst called continues search power sword hopes ruler supreme er dark gods burn evil soul ye rely aid thy mission ye let stand completing task set thee warrior gods thee thanks goddess fail stopped speaking devil command mer mighty wish undying obedience fish seldom dark lord need aid find knowledge unparalleled seas mer tis find power need mine
creeps hurt mister cohn whoa load big hero real charlie bronson death wish comin cohn hoods want difference kids fired wanna run break things guys cohn wanted money kind protection scheme re small fight days god rest soul protect saw slime didn neighborhood stands uptown offices gotham harry sims thousand papers shuffle maybe arrange paid ream today big harry remember promised find lighten load commissioner video data terminal line hired helena wayne liaison offices job plow red tape looking forward working closely sims sure closely leave show helena luck helena excited working harry looking forward don think wrong don think going helena office going relationship
born city york family country father foreigner bremen settled hull estate merchandise leaving trade lived afterward york married mother relations named robinson family country called robinson usual corruption words england called nay call write crusoe companions called elder brothers lieutenant colonel english regiment foot flanders commanded famous colonel lockhart killed battle dunkirk spaniards brother knew father mother son family bred trade head began filled early rambling thoughts father ancient competent share learning house education country free school generally goes designed law satisfied going sea inclination led strongly nay commands father entreaties persuasions mother friends fatal nature tending directly misery befall father wise grave gave excellent counsel foresaw design
parted soon answer saw money pocket travelled london land road struggles course home sea going home shame opposed motions offered thoughts immediately occurred laughed neighbours ashamed father mother observed incongruous irrational common temper mankind especially youth reason guide cases ashamed sin ashamed repent ashamed action justly esteemed fools ashamed returning esteemed wise remained uncertain measures course lead irresistible reluctance continued going home stayed awhile remembrance distress wore abated motion desires return wore till laid thoughts looked voyage
sail found able signal crowded utmost began despair saw help perspective glasses european boat supposed belong ship lost shortened sail let encouraged patron ancient board signal distress fired gun saw told saw smoke hear gun signals kindly brought lay hours asked portuguese spanish french understood scots sailor board called answered told englishman escape slavery moors bade board kindly took goods inexpressible joy believe delivered esteemed miserable hopeless condition immediately offered captain ship return deliverance generously told delivered safe brazil
indians gave importance gift giving sharing gift giving form trade indians places special meaning potlatch northwest indians unusual gift giving chiefs arrange feasts tribespeople feasts give gifts bringing honor failure white settlers give gifts proper times offended indians hand settlers thought indians simply greedy difference white settlers indians ideas justice settlers justice called trials court law lawyers judges witnesses juries argued listened decisions process slow lawyer win freedom guilty person crime bring punishments indian punished settler free committed crime indian justice slow unfair indian justice based retribution committed crime punished courts law duty victims families punish guilty tribal customs decided crimes punishments indian system justice retribution personal swift settlers justice cruel indians want leave justice outsiders felt settlers justice favored settlers indians reason retribution justice brought disagreement settlers law indians settlers differed ways indian culture person word sacred
kind farming southern colonies southern farmers grew rice tobacco indigo plants southern colonists large farms plantations plantations indentured servants slaves africa indentured servants white europeans slaves black africans jobs cheap farmland english colonies attracted settlers settlers interested promise democracy human rights english colonies america provided rule democratic rights english colonists guaranteed rights englishmen rights included trial jury freedom assemble freedom speech government colonies government began early house burgesses set virginia legislature rules government established early english colonies pilgrims aboard mayflower signed mayflower compact agreed obey needed laws fundamental orders connecticut written written constitution america explained role government settlers english colonies active pressing democratic rights town meetings regular part england meetings settlers voiced opinions local government democratic rights apply women colonial women worked hard faced dangers women rights law english colonists wanted rights rights englishmen generally include freedom press
shots fired lexington concord marked start american revolution revolution struggle armies result clash ideas generally british felt colonies existed benefit british colonists felt existed benefit british thought things ideas affected economic political issues british policy colonies based idea mercantilism mercantilism meant controlling economy colony help home country england taxation controls limit industry commerce colonies colonists felt able grow economically thought develop industry commerce provide want held england richer england wanted control colonies economically laws colonists felt laws affecting colonies colonists cry taxation representation heard meant colonies represented british parliament actually satisfied colonists colonists wanted rule felt help elect representatives parliament representatives power change british policies rule protect interests colonists colonial leaders began favor independence rule disagreements england colonies worse fact extremists sides
united states won independence britain country loose association states states joined articles confederation articles confederation governing power states constitution changed distribution power gave power federal governments powers specifically federal government specifically denied states powers reside states powers called residual powers residual powers control matters education marriage divorce controls money supports schools decides attendance requirements courses taught addition controls requirements marriage decides minimum age legally marry power require citizens blood tests marriage license marry individual states establish grounds divorce states power establish requirements voting elections federal restriction power voting requirements apply equally recently states set twenty minimum voting age states allowed vote age eighteen twenty sixth amendment passed differences citizens united states eighteen older register vote states power concurrent federal government powers concurrent powers federal governments hold
constitution ratified nearly ago twenty amendments added original document ten amendments bill rights passed constitution ratified eighteenth amendment repealed twenty constitution effect changed fourteen times amendments represent small number explain constitution remains date today amending process change constitution equally important ways changing constitution decisions courts customs elastic clause helped change meaning constitution constitution outmoded date congress passes laws power laws proper extends original meaning constitution extension helps constitution flexible makes constitution able cover needs changing country federal courts interpret legal questions helps extend original meaning constitution court decisions changing nature executive branch elastic clause parts living constitution living constitution constitution grows changing times customs traditions developed alongside written constitution called unwritten constitution help form idea living constitution features unwritten constitution include political parties constitution ratified party system politics developed country
purchase louisiana important actions jefferson administration louisiana ceded spain france secret treaty worried americans napoleon bonaparte ruler france trying build empire europe americans feared try reestablish french empire north america feared french interfere americans deposit orleans ruin western farmers fact fears justified napoleon planning french empire plans ran trouble americas black revolution santo domingo caribbean island owned france slaves led toussaint napoleon army pull revolt wanted army continue orleans occupy fighting disease killed french soldiers napoleon faced war england afraid england seize louisiana decided sell area jefferson representatives france try buy orleans french offered sell louisiana million consult president jefferson representatives agreed sale returned home tell president jefferson learned purchase worried believed constitution give national government power purchases afraid area large rest united states difficult govern approved purchase senate quickly ratified treaty
slavery important south slaves needed profitable cotton fields south argued slavery needed lives slaves varied general worked hours overseer bare necessities slaves rights controlled slave codes whippings owners slaves rebelled treatment escaped north underground railroad slavery sectionalism grew importance began affect issues issues future territory texas mexico won independence spain mexican government wanted develop texas northern territory opened area settlement americans americans living texas settlers south brought slaves cotton plantations mexican government permit slavery texas hard feelings began develop mexican government americans texas additional hard feelings mexico prohibited immigration americans texas mexico feared let americans wanted bring mexicans territory mexican government limited government texas americans texas supposed mexican citizens continued regard citizens united states hard feelings texans mexican government led civil war texans led sam houston mexican army led antonio de santa anna
civil war began north advantages south controlled nation industry rail transportation banking greater population north hoped blockade south split parts south hoped wear north gradually south winning northern victory antietam discouraged foreign recognition confederacy encouraged president lincoln issue emancipation proclamation union victories gettysburg vicksburg helped turn tide generals grant sherman pushed south april confederate general lee surrendered weeks costliest american wars civil war american political parties nation governed civil war helped increase powers president war requires quick decisions matters normal process legislation slow president temporary power decisions congress president commander chief armed forces president say conduct war civil war criticism president lincoln special powers congress resented loss power americans afraid freedom democracy danger issue debate habeas corpus habeas corpus prevent unfair illegal arrests guaranteed constitution civil war north opposed war northerners called
reconstruction south began radical republican plan confederate states readmitted union policies programs reconstruction continued thirteenth amendment ratified abolished slavery united states reinforce reconstruction plan radical republicans passed additional amendments constitution fourteenth amendment ratified granted citizenship slaves stated citizen deprived liberty property due process law actually due process clause similar amendment requires due process citizens nation fifteenth amendment ratified amendment stated citizens denied vote race color slaves amendments helped give blacks political power south black vote important reconstruction whites allowed vote black voters majority areas suited republicans count black vote black voted held office hundreds slaves elected legislatures elected house representatives senate united states hiram revels black chosen senator mississippi filled seat held jefferson davis president confederacy blanche bruce served senator mississippi pinckney lieutenant governor louisiana sight slaves voting serving elected offices shocking white southerners blacks slaves working field hands
rose caught strong reform movements beginning century america poland age jews left countries violence discrimination family hoped united states family poor rose thirteen job large department store worked sixty hours week sixteen took job machine operator making cap linings woman organized women local united cloth hat cap makers union york joined york branch women trade union league league organized couple earlier purpose league bring women labor unions improve working conditions rose worked organizer women trade union league helped lead women working garment industries strike strike unsuccessful conditions factories improve strike fire triangle shirtwaist company building killed workers young women rose determined happen worked hard passage safety code factories women trade union league influence labor reforms york rose worked president league appointed secretary labor york
farmers united states improved war ii created need food farm products american surplus crop problem disappeared end war brought farmers problems peace decreased need farm products overproduction surpluses caused farm prices fall sharply surplus crops falling prices major problems american farmer government tried help limiting production buying surplus farm crops production solved government action farmers agreed fewer acres production machines improved farming methods developed war increased farmers efficiency result crops larger despite land government bought surplus rose record high levels farmers faced problems rising inflation created higher costs farm income fell prices manufactured goods rose steadily labor costs rose farm laborers left rural areas higher paying jobs cities attract workers farmers raise wages hired labor farmers incomes large meet increased costs labor products problems farm continue number farmers actually working land goes huge agribusiness firms smaller farms large corporations grow crops manufacture farm machines process store distribute farm goods smaller farmers compete agribusiness energy crisis increased costs fuel fertilizer agribusiness absorb costs easily small farmers
president theodore roosevelt pledged seek office election named william howard taft run successor roosevelt hoped taft continue progressive program taft nominated easily elected office roosevelt handpicked taft soon displeased choice president taft able win wide support progressives trouble filling roosevelt shoes roosevelt left hunting trip africa election remained leader progressives personality overshadowed president taft taft lacked strong leadership qualities roosevelt taft likely follow congress lead decisive control elements party result party united roosevelt divided taft taft conflict progressives soon taking office campaign taft promised progressives lower tariff rates soon elected reform tariff bill introduced house senate stripped bill reforms bill reached taft called high tariffs nonetheless taft signed bill broke promise angered progressives progressive movement accomplish reforms taft administration act gave interstate commerce commission power regulate telephone telegraph cable companies constitutional amendment provided nationwide income tax measure proposed president taft despite reform measures progressives continued distrust taft
foreign policy united states general goals establishing relations nations protecting rights citizens foreign lands developing trade foreign countries settling disputes foreign powers president united states charged shaping nation foreign policy secretary responsible carrying foreign policy president president foreign policy senate approve treaties foreign powers thirds majority give majority approval president appointments ambassadors congress power funds foreign policy early days republic foreign policy united states main purposes obtain recognition european nations settle boundary problems avoid getting involved european wars united states britain set boundary canada united states lakes rockies oregon boundary settled britain border dispute spain settled spain ceded florida united states mexican war settled border disputes mexico united states nation tried avoid involvement european disputes president jefferson embargo act tried halt trade warring nations ruined commerce repealed british seizures american ships sailors led war war ended helped establish strength united states war solve problems neutrality rights defeat napoleon problem british seizures american ships end
united nations proposed partition palestine arab jewish sections plan effect spite arab objections jewish sections palestine independent israel quickly united states soviet union israel attacked troops arab neighbors arabs defeated lost control areas control city jerusalem arabs remained israel hundreds thousands fled neighboring arab countries thousands jews families lived arab lands centuries forced flee jews left arab lands majority jews settled israel jewish refugees found home israel arab refugees fortunate forced live makeshift refugee centers jordan syria arab nations arab refugee families lived camps thirty exile refugees bitter militant groups palestinian refugees organized try regaining lands israeli control powerful arab militant group palestine liberation organization plo plo arab groups terrorism oppose israel attacks bring israel egypt led arab struggle israel egypt joined actual fighting troops syria jordan iraq arab armies spite equipment advice soviet union lost wars
puerto rico island miles southeast florida spanish main language island speak english island population descended mixture spanish indian african peoples puerto rico part united states puerto rico united states citizens puerto rico spanish colony spanish american war spain ceded island united states terms peace treaty congress set government territory governor appointed president puerto ricans citizens united states puerto rico elected governor later puerto rico adopted constitution governing commonwealth united states commonwealth island special relationship rest united states special trade tax arrangements encourage economic growth puerto rico govern vote president living island island elect non voting representative congress puerto rico crowded island rapidly growing population moving rural areas urban centers large number puerto ricans moved island york mainland cities especially war ii looking economic opportunities puerto ricans mainland problems dealing language culture differences discrimination lack jobs number moving mainland dropped early economic conditions improved island
americans immigrants history etched land studying fragments history skeletons fossils tried read past according theory americans immigrated asia earth grip ice age ice age caused level bering sea drop making land bridge miles kilometers wide evidence ice age ended ago glaciers began melt climate warmed land bridge disappeared bering sea rose centuries learn adapt climate centuries experimented growing plants seeds learned cultivate crops development agriculture stayed close fields building semipermanent villages moving hunt harvest permanent settlements arisen later groups gave hunting security agriculture isolated american peoples later called indians created governments religions ways eventually indians established hundreds societies developed separate languages stretching northern edge american continent arctic land vast frozen plains called tundra thin surface layer thaws briefly summer afterward arctic locks tundra ice
massachusetts bay plunged wilderness find havens beliefs liberal minister thomas hooker fled massachusetts found colony rigid hooker objected voting restrictions believing say government hooker led congregation coastal hills broad fertile connecticut river valley settlers built towns including hartford adopted rules government called fundamental orders connecticut government similar massachusetts bay important difference governor officials elected vote country practice freemen recognized general court vote towns scattered valley charles ii granted charter colony connecticut colony absorbed puritan outpost sea called haven founded earlier reverend john davenport connecticut continued governing colony charter included major provisions fundamental orders massachusetts dissenters fled northward maine hampshire early explorer region hampshire goodly groves woods sundry beasts john mason sir gorges received grant settle northern region later divided claim mason named part hampshire home hampshire england gorges larger section called maine
angry crowd gathered boston ship arrived morning news parliament passed tax act soon speaker told crowd taxes enslave colonies angry colonists shouted agreement colonists anger growing end war france britain passed law law chipped rights rights guaranteed british citizens interference colonial affairs occurred indian uprising western lands french surrendered british settlers began flowing indian lands lands seneca delaware shawnee ottawa months treaty paris signed indian resentment settlers led bloodshed eighteen tribes formed alliance ottawa chief pontiac leader traveling miles kilometers began attacking british forts settlements lakes appalachian mountains war called pontiac rebellion dragged august indian attacks fort pitt fort detroit failed expected french supplies indian alliance eventually broken pontiac rebellion nearly succeeded indians captured british fort pitt detroit niagara rebellion convinced king george iii parliament costly fighting repeated british decided settlers angry tribes october king proclaimed lands appalachians closed purchases settlements
april monroe arrived paris found surprising turn events planning colonial empire north america napoleon wanted sell territory louisiana events prompted napoleon abrupt change plans french troops failed santo domingo french capture rebel leader toussaint followers fought napoleon afford invest troops money santo domingo lost interest empire building north america france britain edging closer war war napoleon knew britain powerful navy easily seize orleans britain alliance united states push france north america america neutral louisiana british hands napoleon offered territory united states million monroe livingston instructions covering offer opportunity resist bring price livingston wrote secretary madison buy weeks bargaining americans french struck deal treaty signed april united states bought orleans louisiana million weeks later france britain war boundaries vague louisiana territory doubled size united states added square miles square kilometers land indian french spanish
breeze worried webster spirit democracy sweeping country demanding winning greater participation government part change suffrage vote early hampshire vermont jersey maryland allowed adult white males vote war democratic momentum increased states indiana illinois alabama missouri maine entered union constitutions allowing white males vote older states connecticut massachusetts york dropped property qualifications suffrage states allow women indians blacks vote jackson adult white males united states voter participation rose reached high percent political procedures democratic past legislatures chosen electors vote president chose electors states parts country voted paper ballots voting openly voice front election officials colored ballot party identified vote jefferson presidential candidates chosen congressional leaders secret party caucuses began condemn rule king caucus result party delegates met open national conventions nominate candidates president vice president
american leaders eager expand trade pacific bay san francisco powerful lure polk took office jackson tyler wanted california interest sharpened rumors reached washington british plans seize california polk captain john fremont explorer skilled map maker survey route pacific coast journey fremont armed company california britain tried seize province war broke mexico united states polk armed force area finally polk monroe doctrine warn europe especially britain interfere north america message congress december polk declared continent decide destiny polk efforts acquire california complicated mexico anger texas mexican minister washington called annexation texas act aggression unjust modern history polk troops general zachary taylor area rio grande defend texas taylor set camp miles kilometers north rio grande nueces river border texas mexico disputed texans rio grande boundary polk supported mexico insisted southern border texas nueces river
shocked killing country began support reformers demands doubted chester arthur garfield successor act lack experience part york customs house scandal poor background reformer arthur begun career abolitionist lawyer york civil war york quartermaster general charge supplying union troops head customs house known administrator faithful machine politician president arthur shocked party machine soon recommended civil service reform congress ignore public outcry reform january passed civil service reform act known pendleton act act stated government jobs classified civil service positions filled merit system civil service commission established purpose find qualified give competitive examinations determine merit worth passed tests appointed classified jobs act protected qualified officeholders fired failing support party power originally percent federal offices filled merit system act allowed presidents increase number classified jobs fifteen half federal employees included arthur efforts reform angered republicans worked hard republican nomination arthur chosen party candidate convention
rockefeller creating empire oil immigrant scotland named andrew carnegie saw future steel carnegie began career pennsylvania cotton mill earning week age manager pennsylvania railroad saved money invested wisely age earning nearly struggling control railroad industry carnegie saw railroads needed metal tracks locomotives bridges started company build bridges soon expanded include plants producing iron trip england carnegie saw bessemer process turning soft crude iron hard steel carnegie moved steel carnegie built nation largest bessemer plant pittsburgh homestead steel works rockefeller carnegie received railroad rebates competitors depression bought failing companies process horizontal integration carnegie set integrate company vertically bought freighters railroads ship ore coal fields supply furnaces leased part mesabi range minnesota held country largest deposit iron ore carnegie steel company produced percent american steel money lifeblood business investment bankers controlled flow acted money managers companies sold corporate stocks bonds arranged loans advised clients run businesses john pierpont morgan magician field investment banking
young politicians senator henry cabot lodge massachusetts theodore roosevelt york strongly influenced mahan ideas lodge wrote commerce follows flag build navy strong give protection americans quarter globe beginning century united states navy britain france mahan lodge roosevelt expansionists construction strong navy expansion trade led naturally expansion united states country acquired territories naval bases markets increase trade expansionists goals josiah strong congregational minister believed america mission spread christianity popular book country published strong wrote anglo saxon representative ideas civil liberty pure spiritual christianity according strong americans representatives anglo saxon race civilize theory social darwinism appealed strong expansionists john barrett american diplomat wrote rule survival fittest applies nations animal kingdom strong agreed arguing americans fittest destined build empire william seward annexed acquired midway islands middle pacific ocean
forbes soon veterans hospitals construction pocketed large portion bureau annual budget illegal deals sold needed hospital supplies private businesses return share price scandal eventually light forbes prison harding shocked betrayal trusted friends warned friends abuse trust replied won cheat harding appointed ohio friends offices white house physician head federal reserve longtime friend adviser harry daugherty attorney general daugherty sold justice department favors worst scandal involved secretary interior albert fall senate colleague harding fall persuaded secretary navy transfer department interior control oil fields fields held navy reserve supply fuel fall leased reserve california elk hills edward teapot dome wyoming harry sinclair return fall received stocks liberty bonds cash fall started spending freely suspicious senators launched investigation late congress public teapot dome scandal fall eventually convicted bribery conspiracy cabinet officer united states history jail harding spared full details disgrace upset rumors corruption left washington speaking tour summer
nation bankers held billion deposits early bankers billion sum cash rest money secured bankers investments home mortgages business loans company stocks boom times bankers bad investments hundreds banks lost money closed depression began homeowners mortgage payments businesses failed stock prices continued decline crash general motors stock fell share reached investments shrank banks business depositors received part money received woman midwest worked saving retirement bank failed lost cent worried began hoarding currency especially gold coins withdrew savings banks hid money result banks began running cash february governor michigan declared bank holiday closed banks days order let banks obtain cash news banks closed doors michigan caused panic states frightened depositors lined withdraw money march banks closed limited withdrawals states run banks continued dawn march inauguration governors york illinois declared bank holidays states
fearing safety american citizens china united states began evacuate december japanese war planes bombed evacuating ships american oil tankers americans killed wounded sank americans outraged japan quickly soothed american anger apology offer pay damages americans relieved incident provoked war congress sinking spurred consideration amendment constitution sponsored representative louis ludlow indiana proposed amendment stated united states declare war nationwide vote approval vote required case invasion according national poll percent american favored amendment strong white house pressure democrats congress managed defeat measure ludlow amendment votes approved clearly isolationism strongly supported united states japan tightening hold china hitler began relentless attack eastern europe march nazi troops swarmed austria quick bloodless conquest germany annexed neighbor france britain fruitlessly protested hitler target strip czechoslovakia million germans lived hitler demanded territory czechs prepared fight france britain soviet union vowed support czechs september british french leaders met hitler munich germany
foreign policy president reagan major goal counter power soviet union worked strengthen america ties allies form communist nations let friend foe alike aware spirit sweeping land reagan means meet responsibilities free key soviet union reagan felt buildup military strength department defense announced plans acquire powerful missiles range bombers additional nuclear warheads americans supported strong defense growing movement europe united states called freeze restriction building atomic weapons united states soviet union nuclear freeze resolutions passed town meetings city councils legislatures nation reagan opened arms control talks soviets earlier strategic arms limitations talks salt ii concluded carter ratified congress reagan opposed salt ii believing gave soviets advantage nuclear weapons negotiations known strategic arms reduction talks start began june geneva switzerland negotiators progress agreement sight late united states proceeded standing plan place nuclear missiles europe soviets responded promptly angrily walking arms control talks arms negotiations standstill reagan called american scientists give means rendering nuclear weapons impotent unusable
united states order form perfect union establish justice insure domestic tranquility provide common defense promote general welfare secure blessings liberty posterity ordain establish constitution united states america legislative powers granted vested congress united states consist senate house representatives house representatives composed members chosen states electors qualifications requisite electors numerous branch legislature person representative attained age twenty citizen united states elected inhabitant chosen representatives direct taxes apportioned states included union according respective numbers determined adding number free persons including bound service term excluding indians taxed fifths persons actual enumeration meeting congress united states subsequent term ten manner law direct
corner la choose remember lately lived country gentlemen adorn halls rusty lance worm eaten target ride skeleton horse course sort starved greyhound fourths income scarce sufficient afford dish hodge mutton bore proportion beef dinner plate commonly supper grumblings saturdays lentils fridays addition pigeon thing lord remaining part revenue consumed purchase fine black suit velvet breeches slippers holy days coat home spun wore honour country rest week maintained female house keeper turned forty niece half age trusty young fellow fit field market turn hand saddle horse handle squire bordered fifty tough constitution extremely meagre hard featured early riser point exercise authors mention circumstance disagree probable conjectures conclude called significant small importance history course sufficient swerve farther truth
book history left valiant renowned don quixote gleaming swords aloft discharge furious strokes cut sheer cleft asunder top toe couple dubious critical delicious history abruptly breaks informed author wanting found concerned disappointment pleasure enjoyed read changed disgust reflected small prospect finding greater part story opinion lost impossible contrary laudable custom excellent knight sage undertake history unheard exploits convenience knights errant quest adventures wanted accommodated purpose record hidden thoughts amusements surely errant unlucky want rate warriors enjoyed prevail believe spirited history left lame unfinished laid blame wastes things doubt consumed concealed
accident hath befallen sancho wish lord pleased give understanding valour worship mentions protest word poor sinner present fit conversation worship shift rise give assistance tho deserves principal believe thing thought chaste sober person common remark company thought huge strokes worship dealt heartily unlucky post haste mighty tempest blows discharged shoulders thy carcase sancho don quixote formed enduring rough weather limbs tenderly nursed soft wool fine linen feel sensibly pain discomfiture believe believe inconveniences inseparably annexed exercise arms lie die pure vexation
handsome widow young free wealthy humoured fell love thick squat brawny lay brother belonging neighbouring convent superior informed affair widow brotherly reproof amazed madam lady rank beauty fortune bestow affection low simple fellow masters graduates convent ladyship choose picks pears saying loath lady answered freedom vivacity signor deceived fashioned opinion think bad choice fellow simple admire philosopher nay aristotle manner sancho dulcinea del proper occasions highest princess earth poets celebrated ladies names invented pleasure mistresses describe dost thou imagine silvias dianas names met romances poems barbers shops stage actually belonged ladies flesh blood adored sing sung praises
instant heard recognized voice sancho finding place left hollowed aloud meet inquiring don quixote told squire found naked shirt wan meagre half famished sighing mistress dulcinea sancho told commanded quit place immediately waited impatience answered determined performed render worthy favour sancho observed resolution hold attain rank emperor duty bound archbishop expect desired consider means knight solitude priest bad concern fall method remove master explained dorothea plan laid cure don quixote madness bring house dorothea sooner understood told proper barber acting part distressed damsel especially answer purpose bad trust representing part character success design read books chivalry perfectly acquainted afflicted damsels wont beg boons knights errant
days lothario declare altho opportunities immediately table uncovered servants dinner camilla ordered finish expedition nay gave directions dine cloth laid waiting maid thoughts engrossed amusements enjoyment required opportunity hindered obeying commands mistress frequently behaved received orders leave dignified presence camilla gravity countenance person effectually bridled lothario tongue energy virtue effect redounded disadvantage tho tongue restricted thoughts full free opportunity contemplating leisure charms mind person sufficient heart flesh statue stone lothario gazing opportunities beheld worthy beloved conviction began gradually sap regard friend thousand resolutions quit city seen anselmo exposed danger beauty wife baffled pleasure felt seeing admiring charms
maritornes concluding certainly grant request determined ran stable laid hold halter belonging sancho ass instantly returned don quixote shift set feet saddle reach gilded window imagined wounded damsel standing presenting hand receive madam hand evil doers receive say hand touched woman possession body present kissed contemplate nerves muscles large swelling veins conjecture strength reside arm belongs presently maritornes running knot halter fixed wrist descending hole fast end bolt hay loft door knight feeling roughness bracelet ladyship rasp clasp hand treat cruelly blame suffer inclination small part bear brunt indignation consider friend love attached revenge
don quixote listened infinite attention perceived finished looked canon answered words signor hidalgo mistaken scope discourse convince knights errant books chivalry false deceitful unprofitable nay mischievous commonwealth blame reading believing imitating characters describe painful profession knight errantry lastly deny amadis gaul greece vast number knights recorded writings real existence exactly summed allegations canon likewise pleased add resumed knight books infinite prejudice impaired judgment reduced necessity confined cage amend alter course studies performances truth instruction delight canon precise meaning cried don quixote opinion person impaired judgment worship presumed utter order received established truth denies deserves punishment inflicted books gave disgust say person amadis adventurous knights history abounds endeavour persuade frost cold sun yields light earth sustenance
history relates noise don quixote barber heard occasioned niece housekeeper scolding sancho struggled master defended door want house housekeeper home brother turned poor master brain home highways apostrophe sancho replied housekeeper satan tis brain turned twas highways thy master carried rambling reckoned host twas wheedled house promise island expect hour devil thee islands thou cursed cried niece pray island thing eat thou glutton ha eat govern answered sancho fat government places king housekeeper thou shan set foot house thou bag mischief bundle malice look thy family fatten thy hogs let hear islands lands barber highly entertained dialogue don quixote fearing sancho open budget mischievous load folly things credit called bidding women hold tongues give entrance
don quixote found diego house houses country gentlemen large roomy arms family gates cut rough stone buttery yard cellar porch divers jars jars recalled memory metamorphosed dulcinea reflecting poured sighs tears dearest pledges find bitterness sorrow sweet heaven high ordained jars recalled mind dear idea greatest sorrow exclamation overheard young poet diego son mother receive don quixote mother son struck uncouth figure alighting breeding begged leave kiss lady hands don diego added madam receive usual politeness signor don quixote de la knight errant introduce gentleman brightest parts intrepid courage donna christina lady received marks respect esteem don quixote overpaid polite acknowledgments kind intercourse passed young scholar took conversation gentleman vivacity acuteness
translated sublime history original composed author cid benengeli says turning chapter treats adventure cave found observation written margin hand writing conceive persuade valiant don quixote literally saw heard recounted foregoing chapter reason adventures hitherto engaged feasible likely happened cave means believe true circumstance wide reason probability suppose don quixote tell lies truest gentleman noble knight certainly suffered shot death deviate tittle truth consider explained recounted adventure circumstantially supposed contrived large extravagancies adventure apocryphal blame laid door give public affirming true false reader thou hast discernment thou mayest judge thyself duty power tho held knight death bed retracted saying invented story agree adventures read books
don quixote dressed girded sword thrown scarlet mantle shoulders covered head cap green velvet received damsels equipped hall found maidens equal rows furnished implements hands washing profound respect abundance ceremony major domo attended twelve pages conduct table graces waited surrounded domestics led pomp majesty hall appeared table nobly decorated covers duke dutchess door receive attended grave govern families noblemen birth direct seek measure grandeur narrowness souls attempting pupils convert downright misers say grave clergyman receive don quixote duke dutchess thousand courteous compliments walked side table duke complimented upper end tho refused honour obliged comply clergyman sitting opposite duke dutchess taking places sides
pleasant historian faith cried sancho acquainted adventures sure calls dame teresa mary gutierrez book signor lugged borrowed friend replied don geronimo find certainly sancho panza squire signor don quixote answered squire proud occupation sooth cavalier author treated handsomely appearance conclude deserve represents simpleton vein humour pleasantry short sancho part history master lord heaven forgive cried sancho let sleep corner remembering sinner face earth skill handle quill st peter rome gentlemen invited don quixote apartment knew inn afford thing proper entertainment knight pink courtesy complied request sancho remaining undisputed master pot cum seated head table company landlord vied affection cow heel calves feet
days arrival don viceroy consulted don antonio means obtaining permission anna felix father reside spain persuaded inconvenience arise indulgence daughter perfectly christian father righteously disposed don antonio offered negotiate affair court called occasions observing dint interest presents difficulties removed present conversation tears promises presents avail don de majesty intrusted charge expulsion tempers justice mercy perceives body nation contaminated applies actual ointment diligence prudence sagacity terrifying threats sustained able shoulders weight vast project hath successfully put execution suffering argus eyes alert blinded industry stratagem fraud resolved remain concealed hidden root bud bring fruit poisonous spain cleansed delivered fears arose prodigious number moors heroic resolution philip iii displayed wisdom committing execution scheme courage ability don de
item estate real personal niece antonia present deducting sufficient payment debts legacies money arising wages due housekeeper paid twenty ducats suit mourning appoint sampson present executors item niece antonia inclines marriage wed fully satisfied previous information utter stranger books chivalry finds addicted kind reading marries forfeit legacy executors case dispose pious item beseech gentlemen executors perchance acquainted author composed published history part don quixote de la earnestly forgive innocent writing number absurdities performance quit scruples conscience arising consideration concluded seized fainting fit stretched full length bed company alarmed ran assistance days lived signed sealed frequently fainted family confusion
allison grandfather dying erica knew allison grandmother told mama allison erica wondered morning knew allison loved grandfather worried allison lived ill erica wanted ask mama allison knew didn feel talking dying fact think allison grandfather dying hard die easy mama hospital wasn dying ranch erica remembered allison grandfather ranch dying june allison flown spend summer grandparents lonely grandfather decided needed friend invited erica ranch spend weekends ranch beautiful mountains stretching house cabins corral horses horses sold ago blankets barn smelled horses girls ridden saddle allison grandfather tied barrel late afternoons sat top rail corral watched clouds turn shades pink sun dipped mountains
gooseberry pancakes summer allison grandfather told story bear berries times grandfathers enjoy telling stories erica wondered didn ask listened carefully stories knew allison grandfather stories exciting told especially nearly freezing death winter ranch decided lead horses snow valley hay cold breath froze air feet numb boots horses moved tied horse halter horse tail ride nugget hold bridle horse move string nose tail mountain moving main road allison grandfather nugget slipped fell throwing saddle caught halfway worse left foot clean stirrup wedged deep snow scared girls mighty scared spun wheel silver spur talked gentle horse held bridle hard nose wouldn move
daddy pouring orange juice erica heard front door open ran door hugged mama tightly held want let girl mama asked smile sleep yes didn sleep erica asked didn sleep mama answered took coat sleep later today daddy kitchen gave mama hug saying erica wanted ask allison grandfather finished dying breakfast surprise mama breakfast mama put dishes sink sat big green chair window seat leaned head closed eyes began rock looked tired erica wanted ask hard stay awake night climbed mama lap snuggled close rocked rocked saying erica felt warm finally mama stopped rocking answered question erica asked allison grandfather died morning clock erica didn look snuggled closer rocked rocked words erica tried think allison grandfather dead seen sick think dead rocked rocked thought thought
green yellow parrot hung cage door repeating vous en vous en speak spanish language understood mocking bird hung side door whistling notes breeze maddening persistence unable read newspaper degree comfort arose expression exclamation disgust walked gallery narrow bridges connected cottages seated door main house parrot mocking bird property madame noise wished privilege quitting society ceased entertaining stopped door cottage fourth main building seating wicker rocker applied task reading newspaper sunday paper sunday papers reached grand isle acquainted market reports glanced restlessly editorials bits news read quitting orleans wore eye glasses forty medium height slender build stooped
mrs liked sit gaze fair companion look faultless madonna fathom cruelty beneath fair exterior murmured robert knew adored let adore robert stand sit baby sleeps thimble left god knows read sew par ask feet troublesome cat mean adoring dog soon appeared scene dog adieu vous en feared jealous excessive naivete laugh hand jealous left heart jealous soul matter creole husband jealous gangrene passion dwarfed disuse robert addressing mrs continued tell hopeless passion madame sleepless nights consuming flames till sea sizzled took daily plunge lady needle running contemptuous comment gros va assumed comic tone mrs knew precisely moment impossible guess jest proportion earnest
madame spoken believed law gospel young shrugged shoulders impatiently slamming hat vehemently head feel things flattering say fellow intercourse consist exchange compliments ma pleasant woman tell breaking suddenly remember story consul wife biloxi related story consul wife tenor french opera received letters written stories grave gay till mrs propensity taking young seriously apparently forgotten madame regained cottage hour rest considered helpful leaving robert begged pardon impatience called rudeness received meant caution mistake adele light smile earthly possibility mrs taking seriously warned taking seriously advice carried weight subject reflection au revoir look tired added cup bouillon stir toddy
playful inclined talk lie quiet sleep edna supper told need return sat told children story soothing excited added wakefulness left heated argument speculating conclusion tale mother promised finish night black girl say madame mrs sit house till robert edna returned answer undressed feel house later started dress advanced remove changing mind resumed sat door overheated irritable fanned energetically madame discover matter noise confusion table upset replied edna hate shocks surprises idea robert starting ridiculously sudden dramatic matter death saying word morning yes agreed madame think showing especially consideration
spend money house procure meal eat retain respect think cook treasure returned edna indifferently cooks human need looking class persons employ suppose didn look clerks office let run things soon nice mess business going asked edna seeing husband arose table eaten morsel taste highly seasoned soup going dinner club night hall took hat stick stand left house familiar scenes unhappy previous occasions completely deprived desire finish dinner kitchen administer tardy rebuke cook room studied cookbook entire evening finally writing menu week left harassed feeling accomplished worth evening edna finished dinner forced deliberation face flushed eyes flamed fire lighted
remembered mademoiselle ah bah want asked edna smile thought answered mademoiselle seated bumpy sofa stood wall glad water boiling coffee drink cup la belle dame handsome healthy contented took edna hand strong wiry fingers holding loosely warmth executing sort double theme palm yes thought promised women society meaning don believe mrs don replied edna gazing woman quizzical look candor mrs admission greatly pleased mademoiselle expressed gratification repairing forthwith region gasoline stove rewarding guest promised cup coffee coffee biscuit accompanying proved acceptable edna declined refreshment madame beginning feel hungry mademoiselle set tray brought small table hand seated lumpy sofa
edna spoken dinner grand affair truth small affair select guests invited selected discrimination counted dozen seating round mahogany board forgetting moment madame degree foreseeing madame thousand regrets moment ten cozy comfortable number mrs pretty vivacious woman thirties husband jovial fellow shallow pate laughed deal witticisms extremely popular mrs accompanied course mademoiselle consented edna fresh bunch violets black lace trimmings hair monsieur brought wife excuses victor happened city bent relaxation accepted alacrity miss longer teens looked keenest interest thought intellectual suspected wrote nom de gentleman connected daily papers special observant quiet inoffensive
madame dragged avoiding public thoroughfares complained edna neglected late consumed curiosity house manner conducted wanted hear dinner party monsieur left early happened left champagne grapes edna delicious appetite refreshed toned stomach earth going put house boys edna promise hour trial overtook night dear edna assured leaving madame child edna act amount reflection reason want say mind advise careful living don stay wouldn mademoiselle wouldn wish shouldn want reason evil minded talking visiting course wouldn matter dreadful reputation monsieur telling attentions considered ruin woman
note reply put stove lid edna worked hours spirit saw picture dealer asked true going abroad study paris possibly negotiated parisian studies reach holiday trade december robert keenly disappointed morning awoke hope night prey despondency tempted seek yielding impulse avoided occasion throw mademoiselle pass madame mexico night urged drive lake shell road horses full mettle unmanageable liked rapid gait spun quick sharp sound horses hoofs hard road stop eat drink needlessly imprudent ate drank regained edna dining room comparatively early evening late left getting passing whim
pleasant madame drove baby laugh think baby yesterday baby monsieur riding gateway found lying asleep shadow big stone pillar awoke arms began cry dada say thought strayed accord toddling age prevailing belief purposely left party texans canvas covered wagon late crossed ferry plantation madame abandoned speculation providence child affection seeing child flesh girl grew beautiful gentle affectionate sincere idol wonder stood stone pillar shadow lain asleep eighteen armand riding seeing fallen love fell love struck pistol shot wonder loved known father brought home paris boy mother died
looking fellow church sunday morning antoine called care clumsy felt speak woman save mother desire inflame hearts island maidens difference knew fisherman face bronzed limbs unmanageable eyes earnest honest midsummer lazy scorching breeze blowing gulf straight church windows ribbons young girls hats fluttered wings birds women clutched flapping ends veils covered heads mosquitoes floating blistering air nipping humming fretted degree attention consequent devotion measured tones priest altar rose fell song credo chanted looked suddenly electrified playing organ notes island able awaken tones heard months passing stranger listlessly dragged fingers idle keys sweet strain music floated loft filled church
yes dead glad words heart beat quicker ma antoine shuddered drew murder say thing mean glad demanded indignantly sitting elbows knees wanted answer mother think looked water glistened gem sun open thought looked open palm began pick callous flesh hard horse hoof whilst ideas began gather form lived hope began slowly feeling despair thing walked sang danced knew didn saw knew give marry thought haunted evil spirit passed hand forehead sweep horror remained awake night bad worst torture sleep dream true
mrs found unexpected possessor fifteen dollars large amount money stuffed bulged worn gave feeling importance enjoyed question investment occupied greatly walked apparently dreamy absorbed speculation calculation wish act hastily afterward regret hours night lay awake revolving plans mind clearly proper judicious money dollar added price paid janie shoes insure lasting appreciable longer buy yards shirt waists boys janie mag intended skilful patching mag gown seen beautiful patterns veritable bargains shop windows left stockings pairs apiece darning save caps boys sailor hats girls vision brood looking fresh dainty lives excited restless anticipation
elizabeth stock unmarried woman thirty died consumption past winter st louis city hospital unusually pathetic features attending death physicians say showed hope rallying till incurable ward courage leave relapsed silence remained unbroken till end village elizabeth stock born raised happen summer say scribbling permitted examine desk filled scraps bits writing bad prose impossible verse conglomerate mass discovered pages bore semblance connected consecutive narration girl felt write stories ambition shine place knew labor meant acquire literary style place wanted write story think plot wrote si shepard lost woods showed uncle william elizabeth reckon stick dress making story knows si shepard trouble plots tried think turned thought
remember assumption asked low voice broken passion remembered assumption kissed kissed kissed senses nigh fail save resort desperate flight immaculate dove days inviolate passionate creature defense honor forbade prevail lips manner free tasted round white throat whiter breasts heed crashing torrents roar elements laugh lay arms revelation dim mysterious chamber white couch lay firm elastic flesh knowing birthright creamy lily sun invites contribute breath perfume undying generous abundance passion guile trickery white flame penetrated found response depths sensuous nature reached touched breasts gave quivering ecstasy inviting lips mouth fountain delight possessed swoon mystery stayed cushioned breathless dazed heart beating hammer
middle thicket hidden forest glades entirely open screened sides room scarcely mother stood swaying unsteadily thin legs staring vaguely front clouded eyes saw hung head trembled deal completely stunned beautiful child cried flown past attracted deep groans mother uttered labor perched neighboring branch beautiful child repeating receiving answer amazing think able walk interesting seen born days course young nest say think wonderful child minute beginning walk call remarkable find deer remarkable run course replied mother softly pardon don talk feel faint don put account don sight
heart forest glade belonged mother lay steps narrow trail deer bounding woods found passage leading thick bushes glade narrow narrow room mother low mother stood head hidden branches sprays hazel dogwood woven intercepted bit sunlight treetops reached ground glade mother mother lying asleep ground dozed suddenly wide awake looked shadows deep dark woods soft rustlings chirped clear hammering woodpecker call crow wide air sizzling midday heat hear listened closely sweet looked mother asleep mother sleeping awakened moment going asked
knew snuff air soon mother breathe air analyze senses clover meadow grass think wind blew fields friend hare smell plainly notice smell leaves earth wild wood mustard ferret passing tell putting nose ground snuffing deeply fox afoot family nearby aunt children friends night longer wanted run broad daylight willing lie shade leafy glade mother listen air sizzling heat fall asleep wake listen snuff air find things stood chattering midges hummed wood doves ceased declaiming ecstatic tenderness concern drop sleep liked night alive motion course cautious night careful
laughed crow blockhead dear tell clever thinks dangerous objections mother dangerous glance asked suppose stand till wish mother answered gently course don stand run broke run laughed talked hand fear grew gradually hand terrible understand knew stories seen stand move couldn explain happened suddenly crash thunder fire shoot drop dying breast torn open sat bowed talked felt presence dark unknown power controlling listened curiously stories horrible full blood suffering listened tirelessly tales certainly invented stories sayings fathers grandfathers
ran till nightfall woods filled shouting thunder darkness closed grew quiet soon light wind carried horrible scent spread excitement remained friend saw limping oak grove fox burning fever wound passed suffering terribly keeps biting snow ground seen mother asked answered walked quickly later night met delighted meet seen mother asked answered don mother cheerfully nice mess glad didn bother children look heartily grateful laughed talked told found grew sad began cry crying eat heard thing haven bite eat livelong led places leaves completely withered wonderfully gentle ate eat heartily
look clearing depth woods met stag told stag grew enthusiastic maybe meet nice boldly chat wasn telling truth inquisitive afraid stag twilight dusky gray sunset walked softly side side leaves hung quivering shrubs bushes permitted clear view directions presently rustling sound stopped looked stag marched slowly powerfully bushes clearing drab twilight gigantic gray shadow uttered involuntary cry controlled terrified cry stuck throat voice sounded helpless pity seized want comfort matter whispered voice quavered matter going hurt simply shrieked don terribly upset beloved pleaded ridiculous frightened family wouldn comforted stood stock staring stag unconcerned shrieked shrieked
don bother calling sedge hen reed clumps don bother calling answer asked peering reeds sedge hen laughed loudly entirely place cranky creature called won talk useless call handsome bad sedge hen retorted place makes think bad inquired sedge hen answered altogether place care let happen wants won speak thanked speaking warning danger word living soul poor sedge hen talking cheery piping voice sounded side thinks jealous silly markings want look don let look twinkling sedge hen standing front look case simply small gleaming water stood sleek feathers trim figure restless animated satisfied flash don understand stand spot called water
screech owl happy think yes answered hesitation soon heard screech course scared cooed owl heart deny difference let child enjoy assured happy thrill goes hear suddenly screech owl fluffed feathers soft brownish gray downy ball happy nice think cooed tenderly nice haven seen don trails screech owl inquired slowly don trails seeing screech owl observed boastfully didn mention driven hereditary haunts pitiless younger rival stay forever spot added waited answer understood stag disappear suddenly noiselessly screech owl provoked shame cooed shook feathers sank bill deep breast silently imagine friends folks
dawn summer hot breath wind usual morning chill sun faster usual rose swiftly flashed torch dazzling rays dew meadows bushes drawn instant earth perfectly dry clods crumbled forest early hour woodpecker hammered doves cooed tireless fervid tenderness standing clearing forming narrow glade heart thicket swarm midges danced hummed head warm sunshine low buzzing leaves hazel bushes big beetle crawled flew slowly flew midges till reached treetop intended sleep till evening wing covers folded hard neatly wings vibrated strength midges divided let beetle pass closed dark brown body shone vibrant glassy shimmer whirring wings flashed moment sunshine disappeared midges asked beetle hummed offspring dead alive live number midges asked answered don
london michaelmas term lately lord chancellor sitting lincoln inn hall implacable november weather mud streets waters newly retired face earth wonderful meet forty feet waddling lizard hill smoke lowering chimney pots making soft black drizzle flakes soot big full grown snow flakes mourning imagine death sun dogs undistinguishable mire horses scarcely splashed blinkers foot passengers jostling umbrellas general infection ill temper losing foot hold tens thousands foot passengers slipping sliding broke broke adding deposits crust crust mud sticking points tenaciously pavement accumulating compound interest fog fog river flows green meadows fog river rolls defiled tiers shipping dirty city fog essex marshes fog kentish heights fog creeping collier fog lying yards hovering rigging ships fog drooping gunwales barges small boats
nearly midnight found opportunity going bed left mrs papers drinking coffee miss biting feather pen strange house ada upstairs curious cousin jarndyce send love confuses want understand understand asked ada pretty smile dear mrs pains scheme benefit natives housekeeping ada laughed put arm neck stood looking fire told quiet dear creature won heart thoughtful esther cheerful home house simple darling unconscious praised goodness heart ask question sat fire hundred ada cousin jarndyce owe mind describing shaking golden hair ada turned eyes laughing wonder full wonder partly beauty partly surprise
obliged ma says guppy wet dreadnought hall london lawyers don housekeeper gracious severity waves hand staircase guppy friend follow rosa mrs grandson follow young gardener goes open shutters case houses guppy friend dead beat begun straggle wrong places look wrong things don care things gape rooms opened exhibit profound depression spirits clearly knocked successive chamber enter mrs upright house rests window seat nook listens stately approval rosa exposition grandson attentive rosa prettier pass room room raising pictured minutes young gardener admits light graves shuts appears afflicted guppy inconsolable friend end family greatness consist distinguish hundred
worst worst esther dear cried ada holding tighter laying face breast ada shaking head mean say beginning joke ada looking smiling tears cried yes sobbed heart heart esther told laughing known known sat fire talking ada soon quiet happy think cousin john knows dear dame asked cousin john blind pet think cousin john knows pretty want speak richard goes ada timidly wanted advise tell wouldn mind richard coming dame richard dear returned ada bashful simplicity won heart won think waiting door
turns head lady servant purpose follow turns head comes crossing jo plies broom crosses begs turn head landed side slightly beckons says jo follows pace quiet court boy read papers asked veil don says jo staring moodily veil papers don examined don took beadle mean says jo boy jo yes says jo farther mean says jo dead hush speak whisper yes look living ill poor jist says jo look says woman abhorrence bad says jo reg didn dare ask knew offence lady says jo humility suspicion lady lady servant
remark appears sound extract verse stalks table taking chair lifts hand friends says behold spread refreshment need refreshment friends need refreshment friends mortal sinful earth air fly friends fly friends presuming success point ventures observe cheerful knowing tone wings immediately frowned mrs say friends pursues utterly rejecting suggestion fly calculated walk walk friends strength strength friends legs refuse bear knees double ankles turn ground friends human point view derive strength limbs says glancing table bread forms butter churned milk yielded cow eggs laid fowl ham tongue sausage
reason unknown comes shop unknown says words innocent effect heart knocks hard guilty breast undergoes inquiries boys flipping ears counter asking young dogs mean speak impracticable boys persist walking sleep terrifying unaccountable questions cock dairy street breaks usual absurd morning finds crisis nightmare woman shaking saying matter woman item difficulty keeping secret circumstances conceal hold fast tender double tooth sharpness ready twist head presence air dog reservation master look meet eye signs tokens marked woman lost impel say mind suspicion cook court street
sir leicester directs majestic glance side drawing room believe awake aware sir young woman lady lady person brought village school gates sir leicester aware school handsomely supported family returns sir leicester application incomprehensible comprehensible sir leicester say ironmaster reddening regard village school teaching desirable known son wife village school wold intact minute framework society framework society aforesaid framework receiving tremendous cracks consequence ironmasters lead mistresses minding catechism getting station called necessarily according sir leicester rapid logic station happen find educating stations landmarks opening rest swift progress mind lady beg pardon permit moment faint indication intending speak
morning tell ada stood garden evening charley took tea room evening felt stricken happily charley safe bed placidly asleep began think contagion illness able easily hide felt tea past knew rapidly charley steps early morning return darling cheerful blessing garden talk usual free impression walking rooms night knowing felt confused times curious sense large altogether evening worse resolved prepare charley view re getting strong charley charley strong told secret think charley strong miss cried charley charley face fell height delight saw secret face chair fell bosom miss
willingly retorted dear miss art disguise takes hand leads westminster hall airy procession fortune says join dance join common sense wouldn common sense unfortunate richard think returned don say don say let suppose keeping company common sense excellent deal wrinkled dreadfully practical change ten pound note pocket ruled account book hand say resembling tax gatherer dear richard sanguine ardent obstacles bursting poetry young bud says highly respectable companion golden prospect bright beautiful joyous bounding landscape respectable companion instantly knocks ruled account book tells literal prosaic sees thing shows fees fraud horsehair wigs black gowns painful change degree doubt disagreeable haven ruled account book tax gathering elements composition respectable don want
knowing walk turret tops starlight look sky read fortunes hosts stars visible night brilliancy eclipsed splendour moon seeking star methodically turns turns leads pale represented tracing destiny written characters nearer hand paces leads eyes high thoughts high earth suddenly stopped passing window eyes meet ceiling room low upper part door opposite window glass door night warm close upstairs eyes meet looking glass corridor knows blood flushed face suddenly redly lady steps room comes closing doors wild disturbance fear anger eyes carriage looks looked downstairs hours ago
warm room excellent hotel sat comfortably washed dressed early breakfast late think going bed deal began look cheerful room ship cabin delighted charley fog began rise curtain numbers ships idea appeared don sail waiter told lying downs vessels grand size large home sun shone clouds making silvery pools dark sea ships brightened shadowed changed amid bustle boats pulling shore shore general motion beautiful large attraction downs night surrounded boats glad board ashore charley curious voyage heat india serpents tigers picked information faster grammar told knew points told voyages wrecked cast rocks saved humanity
housekeeper weeping silently greatest agitation freshest bloom cheeks trooper arms folded head bent respectfully attentive desire say call witness beginning solemnly unaltered terms lady assert complaint strongest affection retain say say guilty deliberate falsehood tremblingly protests observe injunctions letter lady high position handsome accomplished superior respects surrounded enemies dare say let known known sound mind memory understanding revoke disposition favour abridge bestowed unaltered terms recall full power disposed act advantage happiness formal array words ludicrous affecting
courage night courage afraid tears reproach room dark prayed dark lay dark sleep need light read guardian letter knew heart took place repeated contents clear light integrity love sleep pillow early morning called charley walk bought flowers breakfast table arranged busy early charley lesson breakfast charley improved defective article grammar applause altogether notable guardian appeared woman look fresher flowers mrs repeated translated passage expressive mountain sun pleasant hope mountain breakfast waited opportunity peeped saw guardian room room night
known wind east single moment took porch read remarked wind east truly finally departed quarter think darling girl beautiful sorrow face purified innocent expression quality raise eyes black dress wears teaching richard feel difficult express remembers dear esther prayers call richard says mamas rich bank prospered walk husband hear bless house degree hear praises grateful eyes lie night course alleviated pain soothed fellow creature need beds past recovery thanks hour patient
summer evening cardinals missionary bishop america dining gardens villa hills overlooking rome villa famous fine view terrace hidden garden sat table lay twenty feet south end terrace mere shelf rock overhanging steep planted vineyards flight stone steps connected promenade table stood sanded square potted orange trees shaded spreading oaks grew rocks overhead balustrade drop air landscape stretched soft undulating arrest eye reached rome early spanish cardinal guests sat dinner sun hour supreme splendour shining folds country low profile city barely fretted skyline indistinct dome st peter bluish grey flattened top balloon flash copper light soft metallic surface cardinal eccentric preference beginning dinner late afternoon vehemence sun suggested motion light full action peculiar quality climax splendid finish intense soft multiplied candlelight aura red flames
afternoon autumn solitary horseman pack mule pushing arid stretch country central mexico lost trying trail compass sense direction guides difficulty country found featureless crowded features exactly alike side landscape heaped monotonous red sand hills larger shape believed number square miles able sweep eye uniform red hills riding early morning look country changed stood travelled thirty miles conical red hills winding narrow cracks begun think exactly wandering geometrical nightmare flattened cones shape mexican ovens yes exactly shape mexican ovens red brick dust naked vegetation small juniper trees junipers shape mexican ovens conical hill spotted smaller cones juniper uniform yellowish green hills uniform red
late afternoon bishop walking banks giving stream reviewing mind events morning benito daughter altar sorrowful wooden virgin candles flowers soul village sick wife mass performed marriages baptisms heard confessions confirmed noon christening feast jose killed kid night immediately confirmation slipped help sisters law roast father asked give portion chili girl inquired pious eat hastened explain frenchmen rule high seasoning deprive favourite feast sleepy children home gathered plaza smoke cottonwood trees bishop feeling need solitude walk firmly refusing escort passed earthen thrashing floor beat grain winnowed wind children israel heard frantic bleating overtaken pedro flock goats indignant confinement wild fringe pasture hills leaped stream arrows speeding bow regarded bishop passed mocking humanly intelligent smile
morning call father breakfast found barnyard leading mules smoothing fawn coloured flanks face cheerful countenance yesterday manuel accept present thought night bishop works hard horse mine lost shipwreck galveston rest fine wagon built travel plains mule bishop rides common hack inappropriate ride mare yes padre manuel looked troubled aggrieved padre spoil pleasant yesterday felt prince generosity doubt la hill slowly shaking head look horses suits father decidedly seen mules want colour pearls raise price marriages buy pair missionary depend mount companionship lonely want mule look christian
dressed buckskin hunting clothes stepped crowd asked magdalena father conducted room lay mat stranger removing hat bent put hand shoulder clearly american spoke spanish native manner magdalena don remember looked dark alive deep haunted eyes caught hands fringed buckskin knees wailed home magdalena stay wife wouldn afraid house afraid wicked woman smoothed hair re girl magdalena leave things turned bishop senor live taos wife native woman varmint won place breaks jail knows carson father looked forward meeting scout supposed large powerful body commanding presence carson tall bishop slight frame modest manner spoke english soft southern drawl
taking leave priest early morning father guide rode dry desert plain west albuquerque country dry ashes juniper rabbit brush thickets withered dead looking cactus patches wild pumpkin vegetation vitality vine remarkable tendency spread ramble mass mount sharp arrow shaped leaves frosted prickly silver thrust upward crowded rigid thrust matted clump looks plant colony grey green lizards moving suddenly arrested fear morning wore sand storm obscured sun jacinto knew country crossed religious dances laguna rode head low purple handkerchief tied mouth coming pueblo woods water poor opinion plain noon alighted collected greasewood boil bishop coffee knelt side fire sand curling bread gritty ate sun set red atmosphere murky sand travellers dry camp rolled blankets night cold wind blew
young indian supper ready bishop lair rows houses alike built ladder jacinto door led storey dwelling family roof jacinto house veranda family bishop bent head low doorway stepped floor room step door sill indian preventing drafts room descended narrow smoothly whitewashed clean eye bareness walls fox pelts strings gourds red peppers richly coloured blankets jacinto proud folded piles earth settle wife slept fireplace earth settle warm held heat morning russian peasants stove bed fire pot beans dried meat simmering burning pinon logs filled room sweet smelling smoke clara jacinto wife smiled priest entered ladled stew bishop jacinto sat floor fire bowl clara put basin full hot corn bread baked squash seeds indian delicacy comparable raisin bread whites
father point stopping night trader missionary journeys order question pecos customs ceremonies orchard legend undying fire unquestionably true burning mountain pueblo smothered fire clay oven burning kivas pueblo founded centuries ago snake stories seen rattlesnakes pueblo sure rattlers pecos boy bitten ankle ago whisky swelled sick boy bishop asked orchard thought probable indians serpent concealment commonly reported sort varmint mountain bring religious ceremonies trader don snake white knows indian religion padre talked orchard admitted boy curious snake stories festival spied pecos safe thing
father tired room soon supper bed examination clean comfortable felt uncertain surroundings air house retired clatter dish washing giggling women patio awake ceased father martinez began snoring chamber left door open patio adobe partitions thick smother sound padre snored enraged bull bishop decided find door close arose lit candle opened door half hearted resolution night wind blew room dark shadow fluttered wall floor mouse bunch woman hair indolently tossed corner slovenly female toilet room discovery annoyed bishop exceedingly high mass eleven morning parish priest bishop episcopal chair pleased church taos building clean repair congregation large devout delicate lace snowy linen burnished brass altar told devoted altar guild boys served altar wore rich hand lace scarlet
supper party olivares memorable pledge marked parting friends dona isabella entertaining officers post received orders leave santa fe popular commandant called washington young lieutenant cavalry irish catholic lately married dear father farther west round killed indian warfare plains arizona night future troubled house full light music air warm simple hospitality frontier dwell exile kindred lead rough lives seldom meet pleasure kit carson greatly admired madame olivares days journey taos present night brought gentle half breed daughter lately home convent school st louis occasion wore handsome buckskin coat embroidered silver brown velvet cuffs collar officers fort dress uniform host usual wore broadcloth frock coat wife hoop skirt french dress orleans covered garlands pink satin roses military ladies olivares place army wagon satin shoes mud bishop put violet vest seldom wore father donned fresh loving hands sister
scene bishop frown don think assisted cruel boyd reilly defeated olivares brothers won case bishop court hearing father standing malodorous crowd chairs court room knees shook young lawyer fierceness born fright poked finger client senora olivares fifty age madame olivares swathed mourning face streak shadowed white folds black veil yes sir barely let night verdict pronounced manuel chavez antonio friends called widow congratulate word intention town put mood call house closed visitors considerable company gathered evening including military hereditary enemies olivares brothers cook stimulated sight full hastily improvised supper pablo put white shirt velvet jacket began carry cellar late master whisky sherry quarts champagne mexicans fond sparkling wines
bishop reply appeal gravely realize need father joseph duties need father joseph threw coverings sat putting feet ground french priests serve intelligence heart sympathy priests understand poor natures mexican learned chili colorado mutton fat foolish ways longer offend faults dear ah doubt doubt insist lying present father flushed excited dropped pillows bishop took short turn garden row trees walked slowly unhesitating pace slender fine carriage head master situation guessed sharp struggle going father joseph impassioned request spoiled cherished plan brought father bitter personal disappointment thing reached
bernard returned afternoon say archbishop delighted father remain rest winter magdalena begun air study put order special attendance visit archbishop send carriage fetch father open buggy mon bishop choose feeling stronger fair buggy drive wish late afternoon sunset bernard understood knew ago hour young bishop ridden albuquerque road seen santa fe driving town bishop paused bernard hill top father looked santa fe colorado begin rest bishop end town look days father tell bernard sigh days individuality style tawny adobe town green trees set half circle coloured hills begun period incongruous american building
young priests knew families strongly oppose purpose resolved reveal steal disguised civilian clothes comforted recalling st francis xavier set missionary india stolen passed dwelling parents saluting learned school terrible words french boy father position especially painful father stern silent widower loved children jealous passion lives joseph eldest child period resolve execution period anguish date set departure drew grew thinner paler agreement friends meet dawn field fateful await diligence paris jean decision pledged knew wavering appointed morning stole sister house took sleeping town mountain field tip tilted reason steepness beginning show cold green heavy light cloudy daybreak found comrade miserable plight joseph abroad fields night wandering finding purpose losing
american doctor consulting archbishop mother superior heart trouble giving small doses stimulate longer effect scarcely dare increase fatal change change want food slept sleep nearly condition pretty generally known cathedral full praying nuns women young girls coming going sick received early morning indians country neighbours santa fe sat archbishop courtyard listening news navajo servants cathedral mother superior magdalena bernard attended sick watch pray peaceful painless repose sleep knew relaxed features face assume personality consciousness eyes open close short twilight candles lighted bishop restless moved began murmur french tongue bernard caught words
talking summer evenings knoxville tennessee lived successfully disguised child bit mixed sort block fairly solidly lower middle class juts apiece side houses corresponded middle sized gracefully fretted wood houses built late nineties early nineteen hundreds small front side spacious yards trees yards porches softwooded trees poplars tulip trees cottonwoods fences houses mainly yards ran low hedge wasn friends grown poor sort intimate acquaintance nodded spoke talk short times extremes general ordinarily nextdoor neighbors talked bit happened run paid calls small businessmen modestly executives worked hands clerical thirty forty evenings speak supper half past daylight shining softly tarnish lining shell carbon lamps lifted corners light locusts started fire flies frogs flopping dewy grass fathers children
deaf dumb asylum deaf dumb father observed quietly careful wake evenings windows showed black pale brick nursing woman eyes stood deep silent light shadows trees ahead asylum avenue lay bleak beneath lamps latticed pawnshop iron saber caught glint street lamp mandolin belly glowed closed drug store stood venus de milo golden body laced elastic straps stained glass depot exhausted butterfly middle viaduct paused inhale burst smoke switch engine passed rufus lifted cinders stinging face grateful longer feel fear suspension tracks powerful locomotives yard red light flicked green moment later heard thrilling click ten depot clock idly fight thought rufus brave brag read brag course don brag meant don brag re smart re brave brag don brag young leaves forest avenue wavered street lamps approached corner vacant lot part rubbed bare clay part grown weeds rising sidewalk
coffee turned pancake supposed pots stand drink liked water fresh grounds put throwing pot choked full grounds couldn stand soon watch drink sulfuric acid don worry smiled won frowned sit sweetheart minute imagine gonna think won took hand drew chair sit sat couldn sleep icebox jay thanks prevent poured milk saucepan put stove knew want toast thank darling milk perfect finished eggs half chair pressed shoulder brought pancakes soggy let started put hand shoulder
hannah lynch decided shopping rufus wanted telephoned rufus mother ask plans rufus interfere mary asked mary knew rufus planned mary surprised knew sure glad shopping hannah flicker anger tempted tell children minds held school mary urgently replied course rufus trip hannah deciding issue waiting wasn wanted mary warmly course want hannah replied coolly matter getting subject asked message jay mary telephoned father morning explain jay office mary slight defensiveness felt criticism involved expected course
shadows lay belonged lay shaken tears saw window waited cricket struck chisel voices persisted placid bran head tall shadow eyes reach dare dream abode moment voices chafed untroubled grumble babble cried fiercely father hollowing voices crossed high trestle serenely curtain dilated serenely failed shadows lay belonged strain descry lay darkest voices relaxed original swiftly turned head stared bars head crib stood swiftly turned dodged swiftly stood forever hope seeing saw basin eye wicked ice sugar curtains evil fumbling mouth leaves wavering stifled tree infestation window stain wallpaper pale brown serpent shape deadly opposite window returned staring cricket cherished avaricious secret patiently sculptured effigy dread voices buzzed pleased oblivious locusts cared screamed father voices changed
mother spoke mind making special effort gentle attentive mind momentous looked felt amused ask amused watched wondering watched puzzlement looked amused looked amused looked bewildered smile shaky turned laughter quickly taking face hands exclaimed laughing darling felt times interest things felt subtly lonely watched carefully saw father manner changed treated valuable conscious tones voice mornings grandma told grandma hear carried black ear trumpet sticky sour end put ear try talked quietly hear enlightened
mary barely conceivable news bad expected andrew simply overjoyed relief bother phone bringing straight home wonderful surprise things jay conscious surprise enjoy laugh scared shining eyes smiling face believing sure minutes happen barely conceivable chance million chance don absolutely contrary going dismiss possibility entirely mind going say dead aunt hannah till defiantly certainly mary saying meeting hannah eyes moments remember intended say remembered paltry speak waited saw mind clear full weight spoke think likely dead phoned couldn bear tell don blame grateful didn
kind walter stay walter want thank reconsidered andrew say mary finished shook head want help let don hesitate tell thank walter certainly gratefully night andrew walked front door let andrew walter thank andrew replied eyes met moment caught astonishment wishes andrew thought wishes walter thought andrew thought felt saw dead body felt absurd ashamed guilty cheating murder alive jay andrew low voice watching splintered eyes walter heavily shook head night andrew night walter shut door mary father caught eye chin beckoned corner kitchen want talk minute low voice looked thoughtfully took glass table excuse minute shoulder ushered room prepared husband
looked astonishment suddenly mary andrew began laugh hannah began laugh joel mama andrew shouted joyfully hannah explained suggested ladylike discussion evening discussing whiskey mary stand meant mary thirsty wait joel gave snort amusement caught contagion hysterical laughter roared laughing heads catherine sat watching disapproving levity unhappily reason laughing courtesy reproof expectation hearing joke smiling lifting trumpet paid attention scarcely quiet moan breathe deeply dry eyes mary remember mimic precisely mother patted knee ringed hand andrew mimic precise intonation prolong roll silently tongue mind ticklish blend absurdity horror cruelty relief merely glance catherine smile trumpet suddenly begin bubble spout laughter caught machinery start
let try talk mary re worn let fix hot toddy hannah turned living room help sleep honestly don think need aunt hannah hannah wanted say suddenly realized trying think odd kind shyness constraint understand stood inside living room silence painful account want stay hannah wondered earthly think don want stay mary wondered talk talker talk course child hannah felt charge felt acutely service mary wishes lack matter told stand send bed mary thought ready abruptly feared ruthlessly walked quickly downstairs bedroom door opened walked turned light faced aunt ready case jay absently smoothed pillow straight bed mary hannah
suspect meanness refuse say coaxed sufficiently mama point smaller boys liable spoil yelling laughing older boys save sternly crying shut don pretty song hear turning faces shut boys included big boys saying don care rufus re ignorant don sing song chime yeah rufus sing gee pretty song say don forget dance reduced select audience thing point abruptly suddenly chair pulled left clapped hands walked boys nicest faces took care left tell gee thanks rufus mighty pretty say don forget tomorrow thing failed walk suddenly looking laughing queer subdued talk heads close sudden whoops laughter
aw jay aunt sadie thought known living pert rufus born looked keenly angrily raising hands slowly edge auto brought hard rufus jumped nodded times say spoke coldly put grass lay give threw head aunt sadie mary gently paid attention moment woman solemnly staring hard jay eyes knowed plumb slipped mind shame mary sympathetically hit shame feel woman hit sick stummick didn slapped hand hard stomach laid hand edge auto git jay look fer aw bad aunt sadie jay slips half yer age mary gracious yes mary perfect scatterbrain woman looked briefly mary looked jay hit chalk days ago stopped
hannah smaller caught rapped close door women realized resentment priest contempt compassion staying room hannah helped edge bed sat exclaiming heartbroken voice mary mary mary mary mary mary mary resting translucent spinster hand lightly veiled head clenching mary wrists left bracelet bruise mary rocked quietly backward forward side side groaning quietly depths body human creature fatally hurt animal sounds low crooned strident shapeless sisters quietude transcendent idiot bellowing screams deliver children rocked groaned realization gradually lost fullest impaling concentration took shape utter darkness slow emergence countryside daylight separate resolved images emotions thought words obligations couple minutes hannah ceased say mary mary father jackson eyes closed prayed sat moment quietly knees silent moment sign cross stood ready
quietly past living room door hushed porch steps rufus felt moving stealthily burglars driven starr home starr surprisingly turned wrong corner children think want maybe think glad later took drove rapidly silent empty street turned corner moved slowly quietly stop side street dr dekalb house street corner wide lawn grandfather house knew seen uncle andrew uncle ralph uncle hubert kane uncle george bailey drake seen carrying gray shining box handles carefully slowly curved brick walk house street realized box father lay heavy heights uncle andrew tall uncle george bailey taller squat slightly knees uncle hubert shortest leaning outward lifting upward
deeply sorry andrew savagely inflection simply rule church church snarled call christians bury hundred times stinking swishing black petticoats hundred times requests recommendations almighty god repose soul stuck head holy water tap ducking bowing scraping basting signs cross disgusting simple single act christian charity happens rules church forbid member club tell rufus puke soul butterfly god jackson rest eternity mealy mouthed son bitch standing edge fort sanders looking waste briers clay rufus trying hold feelings intact nearly minute ago changed confused stop hard remember clearly remember felt uncle
human imagination events produce effects traveled seen apt fancy lived history abounds important incidents soonest assumes aspect antiquity account venerable air gathering american annals mind earliest days colonial history period remote obscure thousand thicken links recollections throwing origin nation distant seemingly reach mists lives ordinary duration suffice transmit mouth mouth form tradition civilized achieved limits republic york possesses population materially exceeding smallest kingdoms europe materially exceeding entire swiss confederation centuries dutch commenced settlement rescuing region savage venerable accumulation reduced familiarity seriously consider solely connection glance perspective past prepare reader look pictures sketch surprise feel additional explanations carry imagination precise condition society desire delineate
deerslayer spot especially devoted females color race sight brought mind rush childish recollections lingered room tenderness feeling stranger bethought mother homely remembered seen hanging pegs felt belong hetty bethought sister incipient native taste finery exhibited manner judith necessarily degree resemblances opened hidden vein sensations quitted room saddened mien looked returned slowly thoughtfully dooryard tom calling trying hand traps cried hurry coolly examining borderer implements humor re disposed remain parts comfortable season beaver fish knock deer body soul give poorest hunters half share expect full hurry heart occasions offer
pretty answered hetty hope didn rich buy rifle returned betraying pride quiet subdued manner seen wigwam ven son deerslayer bear homely think set scalp fellow mortal horns buck deerslayer answered hetty simply judith likes soldiers coats fine feathers re naught says officers gay soft speech shudder business kill fellow creatures calling natty bumppo nat turn mind hetty expected tell sister handsome mortal beauty apt seek admiration judith demanded girl quick earnestness look hurry harry pleasant look woman deerslayer regarded girl moment concern pale face flushed eye mild serene brightened spoke betray impulses
probable indian fearful glimpses unknown god mercy times afford human race necessarily conformity habits prejudices thought dying gain applause left secure existence deerslayer speaking mind bewildered felt intention regret passed spirit tribe present witness stoicism extreme bodily suffering firmness met end high innate courtesy distinguishes indian warrior corrupted intercourse worst class white endeavored express thankfulness intentions let understand appreciated repeated english word savages young head young heart heart tough shed tear hear indian die want lie call deerslayer bear delawares warpath manly title provided
sun disappeared lake valley deerslayer checked ark manner mentioned wanted minutes true sunset knew indian punctuality anticipate haste friend question surrounded enemies known escaped toils occurrences twenty hours secret chingachgook young warpath true prepared encounter party withheld promised bride means ascertaining extent danger ran precise positions occupied friends foes word trained sagacity caution indian rely amid critical risks unavoidably ran rock empty judith inquired deerslayer soon checked drift ark deeming imprudent venture unnecessarily shore seen delaware chief deerslayer rock shore tree lake held human form close judith close hetty rifle prying eye nimble foot desperate fatal tongue close looks grieve heart harm befall deerslayer exclaimed judith turning handsome face loop bestow gracious grateful look young close proper care savages catch glimpse
girl suddenly arrested steps hetty dressed calico mantle effectually protected upper part person short petticoat blue cloth edged gold lace fell lower knees leggings moccasins deerskin completed attire hair fell dark braids shoulders parted low smooth forehead soften expression eyes full natural feeling face oval delicate features teeth white mouth expressed melancholy tenderness wore peculiar meaning intuitive perception fate doomed birth endure woman sufferings relieved woman affections voice intimated soft sighing night air characteristic females race conspicuous procured wah ta wah rendered english means word betrothed chingachgook succeeded lulling suspicions permitted wander encampment captors indulgence accordance general policy red knew trail event flight remembered iroquois hurons call entirely ignorant proximity lover fact
true miracle hetty indian cunning indian treachery striving management find force doubt bible sister judge savages harshly doubt bible poor hetty doubt indian iroquois say visit deerslayer let talk hetty returned party appealed raft ter breakfast gal walk camp shore opposite deerslayer raft ready water miracle judith yes yes indian miracle rejoined hunter re sort miracles found raft ready hands water waiting cargo say raft camp indians put ropes bark dragged place opposite castle told young row woods full vagabonds waiting upshot miracle comprehend affair judith rid young canadian settle course
family german descent mohawk hurry antipathy confounded enemies tears raised lake harry march seen shore returned judith feigned levity feeling hetty grieved father expected fairly rained tears sorry poor hurry father judith put innocent unconscious sister true girl true feel sorrow trouble returned quick manner low tone glad master march hands yes re bad set brood em river wonderment deerslayer forgive interference prevented doin justice vagabond small let secret turn need lying coaxing hurry buying paid ransom price high guard ag stock goods shouldn hold ransom tom paid fiddler mine bought hair skin
matter course deerslayer looked eagerly anxiously form visible light penetrated considerable distances directions fire started thought recognized laugh ears deceived soft melody common indian female voice length woman spoke loud angrily caught glimpse dark figures background trees turned obedient rebuke walked circle light young warrior form fairly view youthful females proved delaware girl deerslayer comprehended watched possibly young companion certainly woman youth suitor companion discretion distrusted influence admiration known vicinity supposed friends arrival strange red lake induced usual care girl able slip watched order appointment deerslayer traced uneasiness attempting look branches trees endeavoring glimpses star named sign meeting
companion appeared subordinate occupied solely raft closest observations visits castle boy brought minute valuable information means hurons obtained general idea manner place constructed secured details enabled act intelligently dark notwithstanding care drop ark east side building act transferring furniture watched render precaution useless scouts lookout eastern western shore lake proceeding noted soon dark rafts approached shores reconnoiter ark passed fifty feet discovered held lying length logs blend slow moving machine water sets adventurers drew castle encountered communicating respective observations unhesitatingly approached building expected found empty rafts immediately reinforcement shore savages remained profit situation
hurry shocked found late associate desperate situation greatly surprised struggle building occupied learn befallen comrade deadly weapons case effort capture injury naturally believed overcome owed escape bodily strength fortunate concurrence extraordinary circumstances death silence solemnity chamber novelty accustomed scenes violence unused sit bedside watch slow beating pulse gradually grew weaker weaker notwithstanding change feelings manners altogether cast moment unexpected scene extorted characteristic speech borderer tom vagabonds advantage re likely thought true supposed hard run opened glassy eyes stared wildly speaker flood confused recollections rushed wavering mind sight late comrade evident struggled images knew real unreal asked husky whisper failing strength refusing aid louder effort voice
meeting deerslayer friends ark grave anxious indians read manner successful fugitive words sufficed let comprehend nature friend termed furlough chingachgook immediately thoughtful usual mode expressing sympathy attentions mark affectionate manner woman minutes general plan proceedings night adopted eye uninstructed observer things thought move ordinary train getting dark decided sweep ark castle secure ordinary berth decision measure account fact canoes possession proper owners principally security created representations deerslayer examined things hurons felt satisfied meditated hostilities night loss met indisposed exertions moment proposition object visit accepted war terminate parties improbable hurons anticipate failure project chiefs apparently set hearts recourse violence previously return messenger
sooner young understand liberty commence boldest forward sprang arena tomahawk hand prepared throw dangerous weapon object strike tree victim head absolutely hitting hazardous experiment known exceedingly expert weapon allowed enter lists early death interfere expected entertainment truest hands seldom captive escaped injury trials happened death blow premeditated case hero older warriors apprehensive panther fate prove motive fiery spirit suddenly sacrifice conqueror temptation effecting precisely manner possibly identical weapon warrior fallen offered circumstance rendered ordeal tomahawk doubly critical deerslayer entered call lists disposed exhibit dexterity resent deaths comrades prepared trial feelings rivalry desire vengeance minutes prisoner connection result grew interest necessarily attached living target
wishes sternly asked tired afraid indian torments speak send warriors lost chief eagerly interrupted deerslayer fears crow cut withes place face face cawing bird let tired forward movement knife young perform office mentioned person aged warrior interposed sign chief watched girl distrust speaking boastful language steadiest manner air uncertainty expectation escape close observer acted equally satisfied merely acting proposal release deerslayer rejected disappointed found driven sapling moment fancied successful circle crowded confused enlarged brought order announced intention proceed delay continued leading result stop huron stay chiefs exclaimed judith scarce knowing interposed obtain god sake single minute longer
point canoe took shoal remains castle visible picturesque ruin storms winter house decay eaten logs fastenings untouched seasons place mockery attempt exclude palisades rotting piles evident winter gales tempests sweep lake blot building face magnificent solitude graves found elements obliterated traces caused looked forget position ark discovered stranded eastern shore driven prevalent northwest winds lay sandy extremity low point situated miles outlet fast disappearing action elements filled water cabin logs decaying coarser furniture remained heart deerslayer beat quick found ribbon judith fluttering log recalled beauty add failings girl touched heart hawkeye call retained kind sincere interest welfare
patient fashioned thought nurse mistake keeping windows open sprightly disregard protests added hatred evening told ordinary gumption realize night air bad human frame human frame won stand miss perry warned resentfully child ordinary gumption let night air blow sick yes night air matter feel mother tell boy night air virgil say night air expect mother told thing nurse suggested course grandmother guess grandmother thought adams flat central country drained guess truth swamp mosquitoes bit gave em malaria especially began put screens windows screens windows mosquitoes goin bite boy rest mind sleep need sleep likely thought night air worst april doubt kill declared
sounded laugh jeering bark side mouth swung miraculously closing space couples lot goes don ly think place dance town frozen face joints frozen face echoed laughing splendid look holler loud think re havin don call palmer family frozen face berries pose certainly re dignified walter re dignified specially tried whisper mildred show moved hot friend didn mean ole palmer hearty slap ole berry walter interrupted adding casual tone hit walter forget ask mildred dance evening produced lop sided appearance laugh making vocal watch won left ask anyway place re supposed place intimate friend heard pull intimate friend stuff
mrs adams smiled pathetically course think nonsense dearie young think nonsense don gracious alice cried think hear horrible glue factory mother returned patiently heard haven father didn discuss children heard rage speaking couldn control wasn quiet talking re talking mama promised mention promised mention father mrs adams gently haven mentioned ah mention afraid mention speak things mind papa stirred alice paused light flickering eyes cried single word alice cried word meant haven spoken words urging change find earth foolish glue factory upsets gave solemn word speak
henrietta told yesterday mrs palmer permitted laugh softly aloud heavens henrietta arthur confidante ella told mrs palmer laughter continued exclaimed game gossip arthur tells ella ella tells henrietta henrietta tells don laugh mama mildred begged course arthur didn tell roundabout true believed knew true red looked looked stricken thought didn notice mama evening lately walks mrs palmer laughter left indulgent smile allowed vanish mama yes mrs palmer don mildred tutored voice modulated repressed present emotion tendency quaver true frank going evening saw arthur sitting stoop didn ella school girl lives street told ella understand mrs palmer interrupted suppose dear don mean mama afraid think knew papa things father account abused goes coming
maybe told bye night papa knew walter told adams young entitled privacy don want pry emptied pipe chipped saucer table laid pipe reverted topic speaking dying alice protested yes knowing live till re living maybe chuckling determined pessimism pretty talk remember grandmother saying things deal saying hear young fellow gloomy lady remember reminds want feet soon look find alice shook head gently papa told mind throwing doctor adams interrupted kind light job find thing wouldn physical mental strain find anyway feel looking papa afraid won find disappointed want hunt
mrs dodge irritably reason think pest trying live makes cowards hypocrites em look mrs braithwaite reached hostess shouting concert arrivals mrs braithwaite appeared voices group lowered lowered hope audible remarkable mrs cromwell expression manner instantly altered perceptibly expressions manners mrs dodge vindictively pointed look poor geese trying look feel noble instinctively re trying hushed sweetness dares natural affection feel mrs battle explained don feel affection grandmother brusque lady interrupted talking reverence word feeling works head yes certainly mrs dodge agreed bitterly head front uplifting movement open mail finding benefit tickets buy chairman girl passes hat makes feel selfish dogs don give till hurts
sat morosely fence gazed envy duke wistful dog bitter soul dominated curved angular surfaces known careless face schofield solitude face cryptic twelfth wearing expression carefully trained inscrutable sure misunderstand mere defensive instinct prompted give lay hold impenetrable face boy learned habitually fathomless depth hatred morning literary activities mrs universally respected fellow citizen lady charitable poetic inclinations mother intimate friends mrs written called children pageant table round performed public afternoon women arts guild hall benefit coloured infants betterment society sweetness remained nature schofield dismal trials school week past problematic infinitesimal remnant pungent acid imminence destiny form prominent feature spectacle loathsome sentiments character named programme child sir lancelot rehearsal plotted escape ten days earlier glimmer light
exertion paddled yards stroke girls private school marjorie jones pupil marjorie jones amber curls golden voice pageant table round offered hundred proofs considered wholly undesirable ineligible friday afternoon dancing class consistently incited led laughter professor singled admonition matters feet decorum yesterday lack memory daring offer greeting sunday school expect forgot told speak boy proud hanging don speak worst boy town flouted floated window classroom swam gently ceiling escaped toy balloon fell knees desk lifting arms cried love admiration negligently kicked globe high chandelier smiling coldly floated hall front steps school marjorie imploring grant kind look street enormous crowd gathered headed miss spence brass band cheer hundred thousand throats shook ground swam overhead
aim small darky looked annoyed aim hell impatiently conceived insult intended matter demanded advancing fresh white boy coloured youth age appeared doorway cottage let mine nothin answer talk talkin tongue tie obeying impulse universally aroused human breast circumstances quip turned afflicted talk begged eagerly hoe aim prompt response slight ostentation manifest unmistakable tokens vanity appeared small countenance mean asked enchanted say tole coon herman pointed tongue tied boy boys ow ly ol sherman en herman en sherman dead de littles goin live move outen pointed north hand eyes opened wide gesture herman forefinger hand look exclaimed
joined friend male shorter herbert companion inspired motives precisely similar sprang herbert actions herbert sit top high fence herbert rise intervals study side horizon herbert sit write firmly note book seldom history sessions invested participants intentional appearance importance irritated lone observer distant upstairs window important importance herbert friend extreme plainly visible intervening broad yards fact reason suspect performers aware audience goaded condition deliberately increased importance account saturday week note book writers fence greater part afternoon florence fascinated indignation vocal vile things mother sewing window room looked inquiringly florence cousin herbert nasty henry watching mother asked yes florence added tartly care merely amuse expense
easier bear manner arrival assured romped stairs skipping floor swinging hat ribbon flung open gate sacred railing flouncing principal chair feet table front chair additionally lively humour affected light smoke stub lead pencil heartily don want expect pretty newspaper week yes sir pretty newspaper guess jump deal think maybe guess turn don want blackmailed partners reply account inability perfect moment stared helplessly kindly expressions conflict desire policy vivid preoccupation bitterness case wondered strange florence clear henceforth editor north end daily oriole decided change informed printers care inky nasty
flashing instant perception swiftly withdrew reconnoitering eye startled astounding girl appearance concentration heavenly seemingly ancient memory quivered dimly realized beautifully marie shyness horrified children heard mother saying loudly spread look meet darling cousin marie dear uncle george aunt emma seen game look bushes trees mrs stone uttered frightful word trees rose air gloating screech young throats risked dash tree lost goes screamed hateful cousins bennie freddie paulie ernie sadie josie henrietta pauline babe shrieked cruelly pursuit mother reached put body ground hunched face turned stooping took arms broad white collar neck gear lifted shut eyes imparted laxity legs impossible set properly feet continued simple defense mother privately shame whisper fierceness dared disregard
car quicker owner shot soon sunk seat george watched impetuous disappearance field vision ceased haunt window library seating table whereon photograph father picked book pretended engaged reading presently isabel buoyant step heard descending stairs low sweet whistling renewing air lord library whistling thoughtfully fur coat arm ready put veils round small black hat hand engaged glove left large room contained pieces heavy furniture inside shutters excluded light perceive george presence bay window end room afforded view street glanced expectantly bent attention glove looked street ceased whistle turned interior room georgie leaned faint exquisite odour distant apple blossoms kissed cheek dear waited lunch hour didn lunch yes look book plenty eat
curious deed house nephew re absolutely sure wasn papers mother didn papers george told business deposit cheques grandfather gave write cheques deed house recorded thoughtfully courthouse asked father gave didn able understand finally thought deed ago wasn sure think think execute favour speak george sighed don think bother house mine understand likely trouble settling poor grandfather estate think confuse speak notice distressed tries attention likes stay think think mother wouldn want bother sure tell let looks white queer shook head whiter young fellow
hastily interesting paid hotel train home move dream stuff knew believe believed believed longer moment hold human reality vanished thought recollection alleged suggested word amber going plain facts experience found mrs horner subdivision mrs horner known told think bell colour furnished scientific data leaped conclusion spoke isabel moment believed isabel believed close entreating entreating kind recollection strange agitation spoken unknown consciousness told psychic unknown consciousness picture pretty brown haired brown eyed lady picture true true isabel soul called true memory
wilson sat balcony bedford hotel bald pink knees thrust ironwork sunday cathedral bell clanged side bond street windows high school sat young dark blue gym engaged interminable task trying wave hair wilson stroked young moustache dreamed waiting gin sitting facing bond street face turned sea pallor showed recently emerged port lack interest schoolgirls opposite lagging finger barometer pointing fair companion moved stormy black clerks moved wives brilliant afternoon dresses blue aroused interest wilson balcony bearded indian turban tried tell fortune hour white beach miles wilson car felt intolerably lonely side school tin roofs sloped sea corrugated iron head clanged clattered vulture alighted merchant officers convoy harbour view walking quay surrounded immediately small boys wearing school caps
says commissioner retiring passed husband talks sleep true yes known weeks matter dear louise able show face club bad things happen resign won don think dear mrs castle side furious says talking saying things darling pay syrians dear upset mass end mean lying think yes sat bed put hand net touched beads sweat started skins touched think dear fifteen place lost gave job recommendation passed retire pension live sure money writing mrs castle says professional experience louise gazing white muslin tent dressing table face white muslin stared looked south africa
drop home bed major house sharp town won whisky sorry duty kind major give lift let show gratitude sending mrs roll silk wouldn yes yes hard gossip syrians wouldn yes major sold fake diamonds didn major don believe poor syrians suffered deal diamonds major shame deceive shouldn broken law buying diamonds nerve complain police ignorant poor fellows ignorant ask major pretend sold diamonds drove slowly rough street crowded thin black bodies weaved daddy legs dimmed head lights rice shortage major
accounting tastes win careful sweets harris small spurt energy god knows wouldn mind careful thursday curry thursday yes passage focus indian eyes sooner later harris peace till don believe fortune telling wilson lied pretty week told stay half thought going leave eighteen months indian watched triumphantly bath letter director agriculture wilson quick push revelations begin afraid wilson sit bath sir indian invited courteously took wilson hand interesting hand sir weighing charges according rank sir sir charge ten shillings bit steep junior officers shillings shilling class wilson sir
louise wilson crossed river burnside dark head lamps police van lit open door figures moved fro carrying packages louise exclaimed began run road wilson panted ali house carrying head tin bath folding chair bundle tied towel earth happened ali massa trek grinned happily head lamps sitting room sat drink hand glad thought write note wilson saw fact begun torn leaf notebook large awkward writing covered couple lines earth happening henry wait train thursday sorry dear ali leave small boy happened trouble young pemberton yes fool madness leave drank whisky sorry wilson help bottle soda ice box boys busy packing darling tomorrow luck
enemies friends lot major call friend major leaning white head forward reeking hair oil friendship soul thing feels return remember put court ten ago yes yes turned head light door nearly caught major matter import duties remember caught told policemen say overcome astonishment major sit police court hear true facts mouths policemen lot trouble find true say daniel colonial police wish wouldn talk interested friendship words harder heart major want explain soul felt friend feel secure frame need facts sure facts favour dusted ashes white trousers leaving grey smear facts burned
home prison dakar french officer replied standing figure head bows eye twitching twitching stretchers slowly passed turned hill boy couldn ten feverish face arm thrown blanket lady grey hair falling twisted turned whispered bottle nose scarlet blue yellow face turned hill carriers feet moving certainty mules pere brule died twenty leave wasn hard replace replaced officer turned gave short savage order looked stretcher load looked small girl couldn lay deeply asleep fair hair tangled wet sweat open mouth dry cracked shuddered regularly spasmodically terrible terrible child yes parents lost die watched bearers slowly hill bare feet gently flapping ground thought need father brule ingenuity explain
perfectly true visiting terms sanitary inspector wouldn prevent prosecuting stopped abruptly intention defending wilson wilson repeated thought young job wilson job wilson took surprise breaking crack voice unbearable damned honest live face aflame knees blush rage shame depreciation wear hat wilson stood facing stony path bungalow rest house light lay flat rice fields conscious prominently silhouetted eyes watcher louise wilson afraid laughed gently sun wilson sun forget morning couldn stand stupid unintelligent don woman louise thinks don suppose wants person wilson wilson kissed evening colonial sport wilson meant madden young anxious let occasion pass lightly morning behave naturally touch sun told
couldn hear personally word colony colonel wright suddenly interjected major fifteen colonel wright grunted non commissioner stopped whittling corner desk drove knife viciously top colonel wright wants source information sir wright colonial secretary sat side side watching stood lowered head waiting move move knew waiting amplify bald reply knew confession weakness silence intolerable accusation weeks ago told intended let commissioner details loan intention bluffing couldn remember knew late information taking action afterthought corridor office fraser passed whistling favourite tune opened door office sorry sir retreated leaving whiff warm zoo smell murmur rain commissioner took knife table began whittle deliberately business
drink plenty whisky sleep ten twelve hours store bond street plenty hell say humbug major boy shrugged times wilson sense door closed face door boy opened safe moving combination left age birth left number home western avenue took code books row row groups swam eyes telegram headed important postponed decoding till evening knew important usual ship left carrying usual suspects diamonds diamonds diamonds decoded telegram hand suffering commissioner received information contradictory information secret organizations took root coast mangroves ferreira presumably agent organization recruited board commissioner receive simultaneously message colonel wright ferreira suspected carrying diamonds rigorously searched simultaneously leave repeat pinpoint rigorously search ferreira
talking nonsense father novice thought talked priests thought god gave words don mind don listen rains god give words parish northampton boots ask tea sit watch hands pouring talk children mary repairs church roof generous northampton ask give wasn single living soul thought africa things reading talent loving god wanted don listen rains haven talked mirror trouble ask dinner hear gossip trouble aware bleary appealing eyes waiting dry seasons rains happened shift burden wondered tell love women don
knows knows night telegram wife home glasses fell rail smashed yard lips repeated bitterly word home word grasped quickly moving hand rail failing reach home home yes swore carefully want home rain clouds reached moon face candle sudden draught wind sense embarking longer journey intended looked knew ravaged countryside light suddenly shone door opened sharply mind black thought standing faces look wilson voice thought fight going heard glass break mrs lost beer god sake call helen major interrupting scene passion helen left shaken want home drive getting late wouldn trust anyway dr dying talk suicide
quickly drunk yelped going major safe saw silhouette stuck stiffly crookedly wall moonlight shining drained glasses bottom stairs clerk stood staring wharf moonlight caught eyes road studs showed turn movement empty warehouses side sacks crates moved torch wharf rats cry driven holes footsteps echoed sheds pye dog wailed searched vain wilderness litter morning brought quickly unhesitatingly body chosen scene crime turning avenues tarpaulin wood aware nerve forehead beat whereabouts ali body lay coiled unimportant broken pile empty petrol drums looked shovelled wait morning scavenger birds moment hope turned shoulder boys road seal grey neck slashed slashed
voice silent cave voice replied hopelessly don trust love trusted feeling responsibility carried sack bricks policeman responsible order seeing justice profession kind shift responsibility suffer save responsible sick death means short suffering die resigned death resigned live voice hope human hopelessness hopelessness god voice pleaded lowering terms spoke dealer market explained worse acts impossible love won insulting altar impasse god impasse clutching package pocket turned altar saw face driving mirror realize eyes bruised suppressed tears
furiously loved added quickly sorry rotten thing say don love repeated love dead don exist loving dodo wouldn questioning expected answer eyes shut dark felt nearer death death absorbed bed trembled shuffled weight chair creaked took jacket bastard helen mood tomorrow expect reason deny felt immense relief required night girl seeing opened eyes saw stranger dusty blue round door say stranger pass forget beings asked believe god suppose feeling moustache wish wish lot night darkness lids wish struggled body child lips moved think say amen
settlers successful plantation died lived grew depended things depended climate soil animals indians depended settlers planned planned quickly learn continent teach depended luck mysterious surely lost plans goals encourage discovering america plans definite definite willing change plans ran trouble offer expected prepared disappointment unending confidence faith mission england group happened equipped precisely odd combination hopes fears optimism pessimism confidence humility called puritans appearance remarkable history puritans wanted cleanse purify church fancy ceremonies rituals lost meaning puritans remained inside church england worked reform known independents separatists church separated puritan settlement england established group separatists permission settle virginia
clara barton female clerks washington left job help injured troops began career caring sick wounded lasted war clara barton official war effort volunteer brave woman brought food bandages supplies wounded battlefield war charge search missing union soldiers identified thousands graves confederate prisoner war camp andersonville georgia clara barton founded president american red cross serve nation later wars women helped set voluntary united states sanitary commission assisted military creating hospitals caring injured promoting sanitation military camps distributing kinds supplies currant wine canton flannel underwear troops supplies money ambitious program raised women groups union female clerks rare changed wartime soon large numbers women treasury department worked government printing plants cartridges arsenal navy yard women paid times groups women strike higher pay south women jobs government cartridges munitions factories
soon full scale depression worst nation history lasted shutting mills factories railroads closing banks bringing unemployment starvation thousands workers spreading despair country cloud depression scandal republicans badly beaten congressional elections large majority democrats won seats house giving control civil war longer republicans win elections waving bloody shirt war convention republicans passed plumed knight eloquent speaker house james blaine maine suspected granting illegal favors railroad climate times impossible choice picked known union general rutherford hayes built solid reputation reform governor ohio honest moderate views southern issue democrats named governor samuel tilden york impressive reform record hayes political courage cleverness lawyer exposed tweed ring boss tweed warmhearted tammany hall clique inside democratic party powerful politician york city friends stole million contractors city jobs charge double actually cost extra amount paid
politicians fought hard campaign facing nation problems waving bloody shirt garfield managed squeak office bare vote plurality million votes cast electoral college vote southern states free federal interference presidential election cast solid vote democrat hancock solid south expression institution american politics local national election south found solid democratic column republican candidate president win confederacy garfield intelligent adaptable career house representatives shown skill party politics parliamentary maneuver escaped taint credit mobilier scandals believe denied bribed stock company presidency remembered mainly violent end big issue start jobs garfield began naming conkling rival head york move led death july president entered washington railroad station trip england charles guiteau crazed chicago lawyer shot guiteau thousands party loyalists failed government jobs thought deserved
morgan shocked white house told tr wrong send meaning attorney general morgan lawyers fix president later remarked incident illuminating illustration wall street point view morgan help regarding big rival operator intended ruin interests induced agreement ruin roosevelt pushed case supreme court vote held northern securities company violate sherman antitrust act court ordered company dissolve victory tr moved unpopular trusts beef trust oil trust tobacco trust mind roosevelt distinction trusts bad trusts law break bad trusts formed gouge public trying end competition trusts regulated trust simply beat rivals prices lower products management efficient getting congress add department commerce labor cabinet tr showed meant bureau corporations department formed help judge trusts bad government president declared senior partner business
course nation geared peace meet demands war pressure war government took private businesses december overburdened railroads collapse government took secretary treasury william mcadoo director general railroads ran single system left operations hands private managers half billion dollars invested improvements equipment soon railway express companies inland waterway systems mcadoo control end war government control extended telephone telegraph cable companies mobilize industry agriculture preparedness legislation provided council defense council set national food control program headed hard driving mining engineer run belgian war relief program herbert hoover born quaker combined engineering efficiency quaker charity bring help starving belgians offending respect hoover board legal power task wilson asked congress broad powers production distribution food fuel fertilizer farm machinery hoover named head food administration sorts measures tried voluntary meatless days hoover urged women plant war gardens prices farm crops set high encourage farmers raise food fiber
war movement called black renaissance negro movement began harlem neighborhood york city gathering place black poets writers scholars painters musicians poets langston hughes countee cullen revealed vistas american experience harlem du bois told exciting story renaissance black manhattan harlem renaissance ended influence spread outward cities nation small active groups poets writers painters actors movement helped deal federal writers project rights black americans gradually fast du bois lost faith america democracy joined communist party renounced united states citizenship age moved african country ghana stronger faith rev martin luther king jr continued struggle america bring historic victories justice equality blacks americans americans thought winning vote allow women independent force politics happened women failed polls vote politicians reason respect special demands nineteenth amendment bring women mainstream american political
allies divided seized tunisia confidently expected casablanca americans argued invasion france british resisted wanted free mediterranean completely taking sicily knocking italy war british view finally prevailed allies agreed begin offensive pacific important allies announced stop fighting won unconditional surrender enemies thought strategic error prolong war axis army tunisia trapped tried fly troops escape allied bombers caught transport planes ground destroyed march rommel recalled germany hitler confessed africa lost rommel asked believed total victory hitler replied peace side russia western powers peace general von arnim surrendered axis forces tunisia sixteen generals prisoner quarter million axis troops including germany trained armed soldiers victory dramatic decisive stalingrad italian morale destroyed britain mediterranean lifeline opened
june security council called member nations aid republic korea un ready military forces russian vetoes prevented un established united nations command invited united states general lead nineteen member nations contributed arms troops americans fifths un forces macarthur put command truman thought commander chief constitution order united states troops battle korea ask congressional approval congress supported decision fact discussion legality truman action early days war korea nip tuck south korean united nations forces driven smaller area southern end korean peninsula general macarthur carefully built forces offensive september daring flank movement macarthur landed forces sea brilliant gamble worked south korean capital soon half invaders south parallel killed captured question un forces stop parallel move attempt conquer north unify korea october un general assembly created committee unification declared un aimed create unified independent democratic government
communist issue alive caribbean doorstep dominican republic revolution overthrown government april tell power civil war broke american ambassador santo domingo panicked feared juan bosch popularly elected president winning supported communists ambassador asked washington troops protect american lives prevent cuba american forces truce arranged united states dominican republic johnson defended intervention american nation permit establishment communist government western hemisphere later plain situation dominican republic bad thought communists decided commit troops fighting vietnam refused admit shift united states policy july decided build forces vietnam chose reveal congress intended announced sending asked money pay commitment let congress full cost president johnson later explained feared told truth able pass society legislation
president lyndon johnson special message congress called indian forgotten american pointed poor housing alarming percent unemployment fact half young indians completed high school asked congress enact program give indians standard living equal americans congress replied voting million indian aid programs highest amount president nixon tried find ways help indians called end termination program proposed federal programs indian reservations turned indians run indians appointed twenty top positions bureau indian affairs office education study recommended tribal history culture languages stressed indian education indians larger role running schools indians began violent action call attention demands angry group indians seized alcatraz island deserted prison san francisco bay insisted cultural center finally evicted united states marshals militant american indian movement occupied offices washington demanded rights property guaranteed indians past treaties united states government week talks damage estimated half million dollars indians finally left building
number complexity government regulations reduced administration tried persuade business leaders needed insure clean air water safer working conditions budget environmental protection agency cut critics charged agency longer able job effect polluted air water unsafe factories criticisms charges mismanagement political favoritism agency chief led president appoint head choice capable respected william led epa started nixon aimed stricter enforcement rules reagan trying reduce government programs asked funds agency president enlisted department interior effort reduce government programs promote free enterprise department charge public lands national parks wilderness areas national resources lands beneath oceans shores james watt colorado reagan secretary interior passionate conservative conservationist opposed interior department approach public land wanted stop buying land national parks improve parks proposed selling public lands income reduce national debt
january cold snowy bright sunshine john fitzgerald kennedy sworn steps national capitol president united states making inaugural address young president consciously lincoln gettysburg kennedy focused entire speech relation united states pp vice president johnson speaker chief justice president eisenhower vice president nixon president truman reverend clergy fellow citizens observe today victory party celebration freedoms symbolizing end beginning signifying renewal change sworn almighty god solemn oath forebears prescribed nearly century quarters ago holds mortal hands power abolish forms human poverty forms human revolutionary beliefs forebears fought issue globe belief rights generosity hand god dare forget today heirs revolution let word place friend foe alike torch passed generation americans born century tempered war disciplined hard bitter peace proud ancient heritage unwilling witness permit slow undoing human rights nation committed committed today home
commanding economic issue latin america nations hemisphere central america advanced remarkably growth strong nearly close gap rich poor product longstanding economic social political structures situation turned imported energy costs commodities prices fell developed countries recession latin american governments responded borrowing hope early revival allow carry newly expanded indebtedness cost servicing debt began rise rapidly international interest rates spurred inflationary monetary policy shot upwards nations latin america including key countries central america forced alter course sharply cutting public expenditures schools health services roads restraining growth personal incomes slashing imports raising taxes exchange rates consequence standards living low comparison developed badly skewed cut board appears international financial system debt crisis profound human dimension area commission primary concern latin america joblessness malnutrition infant mortality escalated poverty pernicious latin america growth
noon sunday morning sheriff reached jail lucas town county matter known night lucas killed white waiting standing lounging trying look occupied innocent shed front closed blacksmith shop street jail uncle likely crossed square postoffice eleven oclock mail knew lucas white person knew maybe carothers place lucas lived seventeen miles town eaten meal lucas house early winter ago twelve happened friend uncle school university uncle harvard heidelberg learn law chosen county attorney town uncle county business stayed night supper evening home tomorrow rabbit hunting mother send tomorrow afternoon
aleck sander clothes dried hot stove dressed stamping stiffened boots boy squatting wall eating hand dinner protested acquiesced didn stir looking inflexible calm dished past woman stood door let pass kitchen oilcloth covered table set bright sunny square southern window didn knew signs traces soiled plates show boy aleck sander eaten sat ate turn obviously lucas dinner greens slice fried flour big flat pale heavy half cooked biscuits glass buttermilk nigger food accepted dismissed exactly expected negroes ate obviously liked chose twelve grown experienced amazed chronicle chance learn ate white folks kitchens elected eating metabolism afterward ten minutes later trying tell food thrown
turned making um remembered boy sweet tooth molasses saying shoulder dont fall creeks winter saw black suit hat watch chain didn toothpick lucas looked straight straight eyes feet passed thought forgotten remember anymore uncle told molly wife died ago bother wonder uncle obviously told happened counting rapidly backward thought sense vindication triumph died didn didn toothpick thinking kind amazement grieving dont nigger order grieve found waiting haunting square ago watching give christmas presents deliver months occurred seen lucas town january february realised pay yearly taxes land
wont shut lock front door setting durn funny paper waiting wants walk hampton told legate pleasant voice hampton think funny paper going stop folks beat jailer cried don think worrying beat legate pleasantly local consumption uncle glanced legate worked saw car trip square suppose legate maybe times aint paid mind hope hell keeps working jailer sure aint going stop loader sure legate don expect stop folks minds aint likely stop think want pistol help jailer cried seventy dollars month nigger aint fool wont legate easy pleasant voice resist hampton paying dollars
knocked lucas worse uncle worse defense shot stood fired pistol pocket let white folks grab shrunk rheumatic constable business place place business rate dollar prisoner delivered subpoena served warrant guts hold damn beat eighteen hours hope hampton saw fit remembered bringing jail holding countryside friends drum hundred aint friends lucas stern inflexible pride uncle talking re damned haven pistol shot blown kingdom uncle say pays lucas uncle dont friends pay cash yes listen grand jury tomorrow hampton move court month
weathered battered hand looking pickup truck parked curb front house reached home past oclock deal possibility remained hours uncle sheriff house convince find find wake convince open grave lieu permission reason worst save nigger burned bonfire president united states let country sheriff church dig body town nights farmer stray cow mule hog impounded neighbor insisted collecting dollar pound fee release uncle sit hour uncle study saying yes reckon uncle talked crops politics uncle knew farmer didn telling couldn stand ceremony walking pretty fast left jail trotting lawn gallery hall past library father sitting reading lamp memphis paper sunday crossword puzzle page mother book month book mother try call gavin study aleck sander renamed office called
wont miss move carefully nearing eleven possibly aleck sander thing truck drive town town stop think driving steering keeping truck going order moving known left jefferson thought instant aleck sander meant case quickly wouldn think aleck sander shovel shift pick dirt loose didn need pick loose couldn daylight shovels faster late suddenly aleck sander handed shovel climbed hole vanished flashlight sense sight hearing realised highboy smelled branch quicksand discovered horse mule coming hill minute miss begin hear returned short light board shovels hear chuck faint swish aleck sander thrust board dirt flung load outward expelling breath saying hah sound furious raging restrained going faster faster ejaculation rapid beat running
put shoes picked dangling didn heard miss standing looming bulging door looking miss hat eyes face look string letters russian chinese believed told spelled saying musing baffled voice turning head look saying aint turning head looking aleck sander aleck sander slid eyes sheriff slid slid sheriff re dark helped dig dead dead white rest white folks claimed nigger murdered miss aleck sander didn going told chick didn aim truck granted wasn going knowed wasn hampton miss sheriff looked heard haven finished slicing meat
talk moved getting suddenly quietly amazement despair hope hopelessness stand re uncle worse uncle uncle read mind try talk condition obtains motherhood pigment skin uncle thinking couldn beat couldn find battlefield admit defeat moved remembered ago finally high school football team won chosen positions town trip regular player injured practice fallen grades maybe mother wouldn let forgotten exactly busy thursday friday racking brains vain think tell mother going play regular team minute tell badly weathered father happened present calculated wouldn worried perplexed blending anger shame shame angry ashamed crying point
gleam sand flash glint water white rail streamed past roar rush rattle planking slow thought uncle didn merely car rolling momentum carried fast skidding turn dirt road fifty yards bouncing ruts flat land died headlong gentle slant momentum carrying car high speed gear incline saw tracks aleck sander driven pickup road bushes stood ready hand poised highboy nostrils horse mule whichever hill burden front rider aleck sander eyes owl mink hunts night failed descry remembered uncle table morning standing yard night moment aleck sander walked recognised miss actually believed coming told table wont think practically fact remained space intervened measured miles
stop dont worst thing happen nigger dodging loose pair convict pants today boys high voice aint going hurt talking boy grave send car uncle murmured rapidly sheriff didn answer looking boy aint grave sheriff watching thought things surprise disbelief outrage thinking aloud boy aint reflective paraphrased sheriff speaking uncle hours ago wouldn telling didn watching cut straight thought suddenly amazement grieving thinking seen grief expected anyway anticipated sense heart capable breaking business nigger happened outlive nigger wife violent happened lose lazy idle violent lawless deal worthless sons community kind desperate resort getting murdered
stood bank branch broad ditch channel winter spring rains torrent rushed flowed thin current scarcely inch deep yard wide pool pool blanched sand uncle surely fool sheriff ten yards bank saw mule stood tied sapling prints thrashed bank prints deeper matter heavy thought anguish desperation urgency black dark briers dizzy irrevocable fleeing seconds carrying burden intended carry hearing snapping thrashing underbrush bank mare shouted crash mule coming simple pandemonium shouting cursing yelping hounds thudding sound shoe makes dog ribs couldn hurry anymore thrashing crashing tearing clinging briers vines look ditch low mound fresh earth hounds digging kicking cursing ditch negroes
didn miss uncle yes lucas taking walk night heard looked maybe actually passing saw maybe idea took walk walk night saw truck recognised loaded dark lumber neighborhood knew moved mill closed moved lucas watched listened maybe crossman county glasgow knew sure moving lumber night exactly everyday notice absence everyday interested extent crawford represented brother uncle owned trees resulting lumber liked running country attending hot irons rheumatic begin half blind top couldn seen house mill crew hired wouldn cared known going night pay saturday maybe learning jake montgomery lucas knowing jake difference getting murdered vinson grave jake saved lucas
suppose surely afternoon saturday wearing black suit pistol surely left home toothpick didn tell uncle thing hampton walked house lucas handcuffed bedpost gave hampton toothpick told called coming yes uncle gloat quickly gentleman wont remind face wrong going ask owes lawyer chair water cooler uncle table heard airy rumble creak stairs lucas feet steadily haste lucas collarless button white waistcoat soiled stained black coat worn gold loop watchchain face seen climbed dripping icy creek morning ago unchanged happened age act putting toothpick upper waistcoat pockets door saying generally gentle young courteous intractable bland
lucas looked uncle watched staring lucas blinked pay expenses expenses reason let thing settled expenses uncle yes expense sitting tuesday trying write things finally told hampton sense discharge jail tried worse worse worse fountain pen sticking point floor arrow course paper belongs county fountain pen mine cost dollars point put owe dollars dollars lucas blinked blinked dollars blinked breath sigh simply discharge putting fingers purse dont sound farming re business reckon aint red wagon music box says try learn
pleasant district merry england watered river don extended ancient times large forest covering greater part beautiful hills valleys lie sheffield pleasant town remains extensive wood seen noble seats wentworth park haunted yore fabulous dragon fought desperate battles civil wars roses flourished ancient times bands gallant outlaws deeds rendered popular english song chief scene date story refers period end reign richard return captivity event wished hoped despairing subjects meantime subjected species subordinate oppression nobles power exorbitant reign stephen prudence henry scarce reduced degree subjection crown resumed ancient license utmost extent despising feeble interference english council castles increasing number dependents reducing striving means power place head forces enable figure national convulsions appeared impending
hall height greatly extreme length width oaken table formed planks rough hewn forest scarcely received polish stood ready prepared evening meal cedric saxon roof composed beams rafters divide apartment sky excepting planking thatch huge fireplace end hall chimneys constructed clumsy manner smoke found apartment escaped proper vent constant vapour occasioned polished rafters beams low hall black varnish soot sides apartment hung implements war chase corner folding doors gave access parts extensive building appointments mansion rude simplicity saxon period cedric piqued maintaining floor composed earth mixed lime trodden hard substance employed flooring modern barns quarter length apartment floor raised step space called dais occupied principal members family visitors distinction purpose table richly covered scarlet cloth transversely platform middle ran longer lower board domestics inferior persons fed bottom hall
goodly security knight pledge palmer taking small ivory box bosom crossing portion true cross brought monastery mount carmel prior crossed repeated devoutly joined excepting jew bonnet testifying reverence alleged sanctity relic took neck gold chain flung board saying let prior hold pledge nameless vagrant token knight ivanhoe comes seas britain underlies challenge brian de bois answer proclaim coward walls temple court europe need lady rowena breaking silence voice heard hall raised behalf absent ivanhoe affirm meet fairly honourable challenge weak warrant add security inestimable pledge holy pilgrim pledge fame ivanhoe proud knight meeting desires crowd conflicting emotions occupied cedric silent discussion gratified pride resentment embarrassment chased broad open brow shadow clouds drifting harvest field attendants sixth knight produce effect electrical hung suspense master looks
yeoman stood angry glance prince unvaried steadiness marked saying smile intention leave morrow staffordshire draw bows forests rear archers prince john attendants direct reply draw wo betide skill prove apology insolence full de peasants restrained striking thought patron taking road popularity shrugged shoulders silent prince john resumed retreat lists dispersion multitude general routes according quarters groups numbers spectators seen retiring plain numerous part streamed town distinguished persons lodged castle found accommodation town knights appeared tournament proposed fight ensuing rode slowly talking events greeted loud shouts populace
de knights attached prince john obedience hint joined party challengers john desirous secure victory side hand knights english norman natives strangers took part challengers readily opposite band led distinguished champion disinherited knight approved soon prince john observed destined queen arrived field assuming air courtesy sat pleased exhibit rode forward meet doffed bonnet alighting horse assisted lady rowena saddle followers uncovered distinguished dismounted hold palfrey prince john set dutiful loyalty queen love beauty guide throne occupy ladies attend queen wish turn distinguished saying prince rowena seat honour opposite fairest distinguished ladies present crowded obtain places temporary sovereign sooner rowena seated burst music half drowned shouts multitude greeted dignity
lord answered cedric wilfred left homely dwelling mingle gay nobility brother court learned tricks horsemanship prize highly left contrary wish command days alfred termed disobedience ay crime severely punishable alas replied prince john deep sigh affected sympathy son follower unhappy brother need inquired learned lesson filial disobedience spake prince john forgetting sons henry free charge distinguished rebellion ingratitude father think moment pause brother proposed confer favourite rich manor ivanhoe endow answered cedric quarrel son stooped hold feudal vassal domains fathers possessed free independent willing sanction cedric prince john confer fief person dignity diminished holding land british crown sir front de boeuf turning baron trust goodly ivanhoe sir wilfred incur father displeasure entering fief
bound vow replied knight willingly request assistance behalf forester nameless friend country country friends account present remain satisfied especially desire continue unknown believe word pledged inviolate wore golden spurs willingly believe knight accustomed study countenances read thine honesty resolution ask thee farther questions aid thee setting freedom oppressed captives trust part acquainted satisfied friar fully equipped jester approached side hut heard conclusion conversation ally trust valour knight truer metal religion hermit honesty yeoman looks born deer stealer priest lusty hypocrite hold thy peace thou dost guess horned devil rise assistance set liberty cedric lady rowena fear religion refuse foul fiend offer bid
apartment lady rowena introduced fitted rude attempts ornament magnificence considered peculiar mark respect offered prisoners wife front de boeuf originally furnished dead decay neglect impaired ornaments taste adorned tapestry hung walls places tarnished faded effects sun tattered decayed age desolate apartment castle judged fitting accommodation saxon heiress left meditate fate actors drama arranged parts perform settled council held front de boeuf de warm debate concerning advantages insisted deriving peculiar share audacious enterprise length determined fate unhappy prisoners hour noon de advantage expedition planned appeared prosecute views hand possessions lady rowena interval entirely bestowed holding council confederates de found leisure decorate person times
soon joined front de boeuf disturbed tyrannical cruelty manner reader acquainted tarried give directions let cursed clamour front de boeuf letter mistake saxon looked turning round round hopes coming meaning position paper handed de magic spells aught de possessed full proportion ignorance characterized chivalry period chaplain attempted teach write letters formed spear heads sword blades gave task give priestly character knowledge valour let profit reverend knowledge de says scroll formal letter defiance answered lady bethlehem foolish jest extraordinary cartel drawbridge baronial castle jest front de boeuf gladly dares jest matter read sir brian
ivanhoe bear device mine thou motto scarce device distance replied rebecca sun glances fair shield tell leaders exclaimed anxious inquirer mark distinction behold station rebecca doubtless side castle assailed preparing advance god zion protect dreadful sight advance bear huge shields defences plank follow bending bows raise bows god moses forgive creatures thou hast description suddenly interrupted signal assault blast shrill bugle answered flourish norman trumpets battlements mingled deep hollow clang species kettle drum retorted notes defiance challenge enemy shouts parties augmented fearful din crying saint george merry england normans answering cries en de beau beau front de boeuf la according war cries commanders clamour contest decided desperate efforts met equally vigorous defence part besieged
black knight whispered ear vanquished yield true prisoner rescue rescue answered norman exchanging tone stern determined obstinacy deep sullen submission victor tone authority wait farther orders let say de imports thee wilfred ivanhoe wounded prisoner perish burning castle present help wilfred ivanhoe exclaimed black knight prisoner perish castle answer hair head singed shew chamber ascend yonder winding stair de leads apartment wilt thou accept guidance added submissive tone wait orders trust thee de combat conversation ensued cedric head body friar conspicuous pushed bridge soon saw postern open drove dispirited despairing followers de asked quarter offered vain resistance greater part fled court yard de arose ground cast sorrowful glance conqueror trusts repeated deserved trust
impossible allan dale treated reverend bearing replied captain true gospel st nicodemus prior swore cruel north country oath hang highest tree greenwood deed nay reverend father think comply demands allan dale abide word pledged jest astounded prior forced laugh love jest heart ha ha ha mirth lasted live night grave morning grave father confessor replied outlaw pay round ransom sir prior convent likely called election place ye christians prior hold language churchman christians ay marry divinity boot answered outlaw let buxom chaplain stand expound reverend father texts concern matter friar half drunk half sober huddled friar frock green summoning scraps learning acquired rote days holy father
healed ivanhoe consequence scratch noble prince vex hearts faithful servants expose lonely journeys rash adventures mere knight errant interest earth lance sword procure richard king desires fame lance sword acquire richard prouder achieving adventure sword arm speed led battle host hundred thousand armed kingdom liege ivanhoe kingdom threatened dissolution civil war subjects menaced species evil deprived sovereign dangers daily pleasure incur moment narrowly escaped ho ho kingdom subjects answered richard impatiently tell thee sir wilfred willing repay follies kind faithful servant wilfred ivanhoe obey positive commands reads king homily walk exactly advice reason forgive faithful wilfred
scene returns exterior castle hour bloody die cast death rebecca scene bustle vicinity poured inhabitants village wake rural feast earnest desire look blood death peculiar dark ages gladiatorial exercise single combat general tourney habituated bloody spectacle brave falling hands days morals understood execution match riot meeting radical reformers collects considerable hazard immense crowds spectators interested matters conducted heroes heroic language insurgent tailors flints eyes considerable multitude bent gate purpose witnessing procession greater numbers surrounded tilt yard belonging establishment enclosure formed piece level ground adjoining levelled care exercise military chivalrous sports occupied brow soft gentle eminence carefully willingly invited spectators witnesses skill feats chivalry amply supplied galleries benches
thy speech fair lady rebecca thy purpose fairer gulf betwixt breeding faith alike forbid pass farewell ere indulge request bridal veil hangs thy face deign raise let features fame speaks highly scarce worthy looked rowena expecting remove veil took partly consciousness beauty partly blushed intensely cheek brow neck bosom suffused crimson rebecca blushed momentary feeling mastered higher emotions passed slowly features crimson cloud colour sun sinks beneath horizon lady countenance shew dwell remembrance reigns gentleness goodness tinge pride vanities mix expression lovely earth bearing colour original remember features bless god leave noble deliverer united stopped short eyes filled tears hastily wiped answered anxious inquiries rowena lady heart swells think lists farewell
sat defiance municipal orders astride gun brick platform opposite wonder house natives call lahore museum hold fire breathing dragon hold punjab green bronze piece conqueror loot justification kim kicked lala boy english held punjab kim english burned black native spoke vernacular preference mother tongue clipped uncertain sing song terms perfect equality small boys kim white poor white poorest half caste woman looked smoked opium pretended hand furniture shop square cheap cabs wait told missionaries kim mother sister mother nursemaid colonel family married kimball young colour sergeant mavericks irish regiment took post sind punjab delhi railway regiment home wife died cholera fell drink loafing line keen eyed baby societies chaplains anxious child tried catch drifted till woman took opium learned taste died poor whites die india
yogi cow kim gravely making hole fingers top mound curry fried cake morsel conserve think hole big thy head woman fretfully filled steaming vegetable curry clapped dried cake atop morsel clarified butter cake dabbed lump sour tamarind conserve side kim looked load lovingly bull house bold beggarman thou laughed woman speak bulls hast thou told red bull field help thee hold straight ask holy blessing knows cure daughter sore eyes ask thou friend kim danced ere end sentence dodging pariah dogs hungry acquaintances beg proudly lama opened eyes contents bowl eat eat thee called water carrier museum give water thirsty laughing
lap full seventy times bundles bid sit knee shameless looked round approval courtesan window sniffed head drapery enter enter cried fat hindu money lender folded account book cloth arm oily kind poor ay cent month mortgage unborn calf young soldier going south leave laughed travel benares lama assuredly enter left cried kim shrilled girl entered train nay help cultivator putting large brown hand hauling father sit floor rule sit bench lama say began money lender lips rule living te rains break sit side side castes peoples yea outrageously shameless wife scowling girl making eyes young sepoy cart road husband saved money
lowering voices spoke kim rest tree lama tugged impatiently elbow let river hai mai walked river run patience give dole soldier suddenly friend stars brought news yesterday seen vision giving orders war hm son deep broad chest rumour profit father laughed ride begging charger gods rupees thy brothers regiments orders took leave swiftly thee case case ran thee beg gamblers thou hast ridden charge horse needed truly follower pony marching let let pommel place cast thy accounts father let thy house pay boy brought auspicious news ho friend war thou hast nay war returned kim composedly
nearly asleep lama suddenly quoted proverb husbands talkative reward kim heard snuff thrice dozed laughing diamond bright dawn woke crows kim sat yawned shook thrilled delight seeing real truth bustling shouting buckling belts beating creaking wheels lighting fires cooking food sights turn approving eye morning mist swept silver parrots shot distant river shrieking green hosts wheels earshot india awake kim middle awake excited chewing twig presently toothbrush borrowed left customs country knew loved need worry food need spend cowrie crowded stalls disciple holy annexed strong willed lady things prepared respectfully invited sit eat rest kim giggled cleaned teeth hostess heighten enjoyment road
roman catholic chaplain irish contingent lay bennett believed unbridgeable gulf noticeable church england dealt human problem likely call church rome bennett official abhorrence scarlet woman ways equalled private respect father victor thief talking english let look charm scapular bennett held hand open sound whipping thieve protested kim hit kicks body give charm fast look father victor leisurely rolling poor kimball ne varietur parchment clearance certificate kim baptismal certificate confused idea wonders son scrawled scores times look boy look boy signing regimental number full powers darkness father victor passing bennett things yes kim mine want understand bennett brought purpose begging trick kind saw beggar anxious stay company makings gay mystery
creighton sahib foolish sahib colonel sahib regiment business god knows buying horses ride asking riddles works god plants stones customs dealers call father fools easily cheated horse mahbub ali says madder sahibs kim departed training small knowledge character argued fools information leads calling thousand guns commander chief india talk kim heard talk fools mahbub ali tone changed mentioned colonel colonel fool set kim skipping mystery mahbub ali spied colonel kim spied mahbub horse dealer colonel evidently respected show clever rejoiced betrayed knowledge colonel house return barracks discovered case left beamed delight heart tortuous indirect person playing hidden game fool kim
god blue red mahbub alluding hindu colour kim disreputable turban kim countered proverb change faith bedding thou pay dealer laughed till nearly fell horse shop outskirts city change kim stood externally mohammedan mahbub hired room railway station cooked meal finest almond curd sweetmeats call fine chopped lucknow tobacco meat ate sikh kim grinning squatted assuredly give victuals desire hear mahbub stuffed spiced mutton fried fat cabbage golden brown onions tell altogether truthfully manner thy escape friend loosed cracking belt think sahib son sahib runs land kim began tale interview girl mahbub ali gravity laughed aloud beat hand thigh
thine hear hearts horses bit spur shout khan yonder drive bay stallion pickets firmly want horse fight resting stage dun black locked hear comfort thy heart lama part bond kim find true colt held lighter heel rope thou mahbub nodded head afraid kim spoke moment lama beggar bowl presence young sa kim cut snort eyes blued nails blackened low caste blood sons brothers law sweeper need follow rest pedigree kim point clearly heat chewing piece sugar cane friend mahbub pushing pipe boy clean met women boys sahibs
facts published mahbub creighton shake heads let red lama horse dealer visible effort fond learn paces rosary dealings letter colonel creighton smiling goes land seeks river healing god curse mahbub checked beds temple road goes boy boy punished thrice mad peaceful met babu dealings watched red lamas common hind loses track curious meditatively babu wants wants member royal society taking notes tell tell lama mahbub boy told babu goes benares expense think don creighton briefly paid travelling expenses lively curiosity learn lama
kim considered tingling pride ago prompt profit situation thought respect paid proved tasted fever knew recognise starvation saw call give bond yoke child cured kim halted carved outer door temple white clad banker sins usury wiped asked chela lama holy bade wait tell forget child cried importunate shoulder bellowed holy disciple holy gods worlds behold affliction sitting gate cry common benares turned heads peace mankind carried message darkness easy uncounted eastern minutes slid lama asleep cell priest wake click rosary broke hush court calm images stand novice whispered thy chela strode forgetting end prayer
slay thee hand foolish delhi instance lawyers proven charge murder body handed desires guarded die slowly rest south country run circles goat eye eaten days marked touched filthy bandage leg delhi thou safe te rain live game tell wires delhi describing tear rag twenty hundred need seen slay boy thou art useless kim knew native methods attack doubt case deadly complete corpse twitched fingers pain corner glared sullenly lama busy beads kim fumbling doctor fashion neck thought plan invocations hast thou charm change shape dead ten minutes pressed cured miracle worker jealously thou hast chanted
met thrice cursed russian lord wheel swing backward merit acquired gain sign put hand bosom drew wheel look considered meditated remains breadth fingernail span body served wheel days wheel serves merit acquired guiding thee added ere found river plain chela kim stared brutally disfigured chart left diagonally rent ran eleventh house desire birth child drawn human animal worlds house empty house senses logic unanswerable lord won enlightenment lama folded reverence tempted tempted finished arrow fell plains hills wait live body thou art sick shaken thou walk sick freedom
remember seen remember days nights passed bars white black opening shutting sick tired lethargy comes score later kim began led look eye changed title plain love mother owe thee thanks ten thousand blessings thy house house impossible give exactly lady word thank gods priest thou wilt thank thou son heavens shifted thee lifted thee slapped twisted thy ten toes find texts flung head mother borne thee break heart thou son mother mother kim died tell young hai mai say robbed thou road house thousand shelter forgotten easy flung blessing matter need blessings stamped foot poor relation trays house stale food room woman ill omen
lama held peace click rosary faint clop clop mahbub retreating feet soft smoky silence evening india wrapped close hear bring news let shot yellow hand compelling silence kim tucked feet robe edge obediently hear bring news search finished comes reward hills lived thy strength till young branch bowed nigh broke hills troubled thee matters held heart boat soul lacked direction things gave thee virtuous woman altogether took food drank water saw pressed food cried shut door removed hollow tree took food took water sat meditation days nights abstracting mind required manner night reward wise soul loosed silly body free attained stood threshold consider marvel marvel days nights food kim breath
monseigneur charles francois bishop seventy held direct bearing tale tell give account rumours gossip concerning circulation occupy diocese reported true false play large part lives destiny things monseigneur son counsellor parliament member de robe father intending inherit office arranged marry early age eighteen twenty custom fairly widespread parliamentary families charles attracted gossip despite marriage looking small stature elegant graceful entertaining early wholly devoted worldly matters affairs gallantry revolution rush events decimated persecuted parliamentary families scattered charles emigrated italy wife died chest complaint afflicted children happened monseigneur collapse french social order downfall family tragic events fearful emigre witnessing distance inspire thoughts solitude
final glance stepped rapidly backward set lamp table took gun wall words woman gathered children arms stood husband bosom uncovered staring horrified eyes stranger murmured hill country happened takes tell examining stranger moment kind wild beast master house returned door gun hand clear beseech stranger glass water bullet slammed door sounds shooting bolts closing shutters clang iron bar falling slot heard night closing cold alpine wind blowing gleam daylight stranger saw gardens flanking lane sort hut looked clambering resolutely low wooden fence examine low narrow doorway temporary shelters road workers put assumed cold famished hunger resigned protection cold
cheerful filling glass feet glory wine te forgive ladies spanish measure measure wine castille holds sixteen twelve canaries twenty twenty tsar peter thirty honour tsar boot greater ladies word friendly advice change partners choose proper love stray love affair meant english calloused knees flutter gaiety heart err human say err love ladies adore josephine indignant expressions enchanting reproving favourite crossing gutter rue guerin saw girl trim white stockings showed legs sight delighted fell love favourite grecian lips painter called known painter lips worthy paint mouth worthy favourite deserve awarded apple venus eat eve
monsieur le going child brought sister asked scarcely daring put question course days imagine persuade patient child naturally suppose brought tell lie monsieur paused thought calm firm voice sister sister notice word lent enigmatic quality reply lowered eyes respectfully case resting monsieur le door closed badly making noise disturb going room drew bed curtains asleep breath coming painful gasps part malady rend heart mother watching bedside dying child laboured act breathing scarcely troubled serenity transformed countenance sleep livid pallor turned gentle whiteness lustre cheeks fair eyelashes beauty remained youth innocence fluttered slightly eyes closed
louis xviii returned paris dancing streets july effaced enthusiasm march exile throne white banner flew pinewood table front de lis embroidered chair louis xiv happenings yesterday faded sight altar throne majestically clasped hands contested forms nineteenth century social health established france continent europe adopted white device non reappeared stone decorating barracks quai arc du tale ill famed victories uncomfortable amid novelty ashamed saved face statue cemetery public graveyard covered marble jasper dust lay bones louis xvi marie antoinette funeral monument rose amid ramparts vincennes commemorate fact died month napoleon crowned pope pius vii performed ceremony blessed downfall serenely blessed coronation palace vienna lingered shadowy figure boy seditious refer king rome
suddenly stopped clapped hand forehead overlooked essential detail ready turn brought gun sided pass crowd vanish recognized chance brought sides light lot live half submerged normal uneventful circumstances required say commonly known honest tradesman citizen requisite conditions stimulus lower nature makings paced villain tradesman monster satan times crouched corner place inhabited admired odious handiwork moment reflection concluded turn give pressed speed short certainty keenness fox covey partridges passing ponds obliquely crossing large meadow avenue de bellevue grass walk hill skirts vaulting aqueduct de saw emerging bush hat food thought
sum urchin present paris greek rome child population bearing brow wrinkles ancient national emblem disease disease cured light light makes light fruitful social impulses spring knowledge letters arts teaching bringing light bring warmth sooner later splendid challenge universal education confront authority absolute truth govern scrutiny french idea choice children france street urchins paris flames burning light wisps shadow stands paris paris stands paris sum total ceiling human race prodigious city epitome dead living manners customs observe paris review course history filling gaps sky stars paris capitol hotel de parthenon notre dame aventine mount saint antoine pantheon bears boulevard des tower babel public opinion drowning voice rhetoric ridicule
slowly heading legal profession reading law say fashion lodging roosted friend joly medical student younger joly youthful medicine learned patient doctor twenty considered chronic invalid spent inspecting tongue mirror maintained subject magnetism compass needle bed head pointing north feet south circulation affected attraction poles felt pulse weather rest gayest youthful inconsistencies exaggerated morbid lighthearted blended harmoniously eccentric agreeable young comrades applied english word jolly joly habit rubbing nose knob cane sign sagacious mind young diverse deserved seriously religion common progress direct descendants french revolution frivolous mention fathers flesh royalists kinds odds
disinterest vanishes demon manifest spirit sightless monster howls darkness anarchy lurks void wild figures half animal ghosts prowl darkness concern universal progress thought word known known fulfilment individual cravings scarcely conscious terrifying emptiness mothers foster mothers ignorance poverty single guiding principle necessity single appetite satisfactions flesh fiercely voracious manner tyrant tiger inevitable process fateful logic darkness child nurtured misery grows criminal arises lowest level society confused search absolute affirmation matter beast prey hunger thirst point departure satan final goal cavern poet assassin emerged glanced previous chapters compartment higher level political revolutionary philosophical students seen essentially high minded upright honest capable error certainly guilty error deserving respect error embraces heroism
sales flora wholly ceased attempt develop strain indigo successful monsieur small garden wrong exposure grow rare plants flourished damp shade persisted acquired plot land jardin des conditions favourable order continue experiments expense raised money plates flora luncheon restricted eggs elderly housekeeper wages paid fifteen months meal longer laughed childlike laugh grown morose receive visitors marius wise attempting call occasionally passed boulevard de jardin des speak merely exchanged gloomy nods sad fact poverty moment comes destroys relationships friends merely nodding terms bookseller dead monsieur books garden indigo plants remained happiness pleasure hope future enabled living grown blue berries rich
read grew thoughtful finished young cavalry officer swaggered past gate regular thought odious turned notebook found handwriting delightful hand ink varied intensity dense black pale happens writes period days adds water ink thoughts overflowed paper string sighs set random order selection purpose read manuscript saw clarity obscurity affected opening closed door enigmatic lines shining splendour eyes kindled awareness heart teachers convent talked soul earthly love talk poker mentioning fire fifteen handwritten pages abruptly gently opened eyes nature love suffering destiny eternity beginning end hand suddenly opening released shaft light discern author passionate generous candid nature unhappiness hope captive heart overflowing ecstasy manuscript letter
human watchdog guarding gate ruffians giving girl marius night starry enchanting trees tremulous scent grass pungent birds twittered sweetly fell asleep amid leaves harmonies serene universe tune music love marius entranced found unhappy weeping eyes red cloud clear sky words matter seated bench steps villa told troubles father morning ready business attend leave place marius trembled end death departure beginning departure death past weeks marius gradual degrees taking possession possession ideal terms deeply rooted love soul captured body later body comes soul forgotten altogether maintain soul exist fortunately sarcasm blasphemy marius possessed spirit soul bound jealously overwhelming assurance
marius saw meant attempt say things description sun household including basque nicolette assembled marius room entered stood doorway enveloped glow light moment blow nose stopped short gazing handkerchief exquisite cried loudly blew heaven dazed person sheer happiness stood stammering pale pink waiting fling marius arms venturing afraid showing love pitiless happy lovers hampering presence want standing white haired grave smiling vaguely touching smile monsieur say jean valjean porter dressed entirely black garments white cravat porter miles discerning respectable figure ragged mud smeared person june brought unconscious marius door porter instinct aroused able refrain saying wife don help feeling seen monsieur standing
marius distracted lack contact felt supposed father explained felt instinctively monsieur concealing knew learned secret midst happiness discovering dove nest happiness henceforth depend accepted part marriage bond linked convict thought angels shudder happens began wonder fault lacking perspicacity prudence deliberately closed eyes truth plunged impulsively love affair paying sufficient attention circumstances admit admissions kind teaches knowledge visionary side nature kind imaginative haziness pervaded drawn attention remembered rapturous weeks rue referred drama tenement victim behaved strangely asked mentioned met
concierge upstairs looking half open door doctor told prevent zealous woman calling dying want priest jean valjean replied pointed upwards present improbable bishop present moments slipped pillow valjean beseech monsieur misgivings wasted money truly assure products known jewels berlin person dear die fix intent gaze seeks hold stood silent anguish words speak clasping marius hand jean valjean visibly declining sinking dark horizon breath coming gasps punctured slight groans difficulty moving arms feet motionless weakness body increased spirit grew splendour light unknown visible eyes face paler smiled breath failed gaze grew deeper
cares read simple tale told simply john parish county yeoman churchwarden seen share doings neighborhood try set order god sparing memory light book bear mind write clearing parish ill fame thing trow wit plain unlettered read foreign languages gentleman gifted words mine tongue save won bible master william shakespeare face common opinion highly short pretty yeoman father substance reckon seized generations largest farms parish divided cultured part thereof john elder churchwarden overseer admirer learning able write son schooled county devon chief boast ancient town woollen staple worthy grammar school largest west england founded handsomely endowed master peter place clothier
folk dwell lawful land want exploration judge neighbourhood harshly truth set bar prejudice ask leave explain robbers head midst grew gently manner let read observe enter things knowledge later lord troubles england swelling outburst estates north country suddenly confiscated feud families strong influence court owners turned think lucky save necks estates joint tenancy think called meaning tenant died living live spite testament joint owners sir doone gentleman brisk intellect owner cousin earl lorne lord lorne elder cousin doone making suit gain cumbersome joint tenancy fair apportionment suddenly blow fell wiles woman meddling dividing land divided
assure tell lie john fry say telling largest scrambled mouth pit evil sorely boyish folly madness termed venturing help compel valley let thinks cast neck crop give born donkey leave set schoolmaster resolution tell escaped den night sat opening lorna pointed wondered meant bitterly occurred run pit drowned give trouble half minute ashamed idea remembered vexed think lose surely thousand true horrible place began search utmost care diligence teeth chattering bones beginning ache chilliness wetness
nigh end march wind blew wild piercing foot afternoon mother dwelling safer horse vexed put spell farmer stable wise woman sun low edge hills entered valley leave home till cattle tended distance miles shadows rocks fell deep brown dead fern fluttering brambles leaves hanging swayed tatters fro red look patches underneath crags wild goats browsing tossed horns fled leaped ledges stared sound sea length valley lapped butt rocks murmured shell taking things feeling stick inclined briskly season beheld tall grey shape moving lower end valley shade gave stroke fear thumb lay mother bible brought big pocket sake safety shook
met evening round kitchen supper heavy boots mother eliza utmost learn thinking fire emptied loved ashes cooling times annie ask crafty questions eliza sit hair hand underneath chin looking softly say knew worse strange say mother dreamed instant annie thinking thing quiet careful linen clever cookery fowls bacon curing laugh say look bachelor mother ordered condition sense felt certainty opinion inclined speak put guard approaches tom find begin feared breach knowing mind set words mine alter needs grieve deeply
thee jack remember thee trow thou wilt st forget lord glad hay ricks spars twist hay rope mother thinking listening left lies cheated pig kills skins sheep john thought nigh folk honesty goodness duty neighbours sure lord folks mean women john thy women need wished set matter worship hear drove court saying thieves liars place alike women dispute point persuaded lord judge defending unbecoming manner low bow doubt
helped regard thinking half usual judgment truth home distant road children mother lived searching things add word poor lizzie bad behaved pitied poor thing allowances belonging grown family comely feeling shortcomings leap extreme reassert endeavouring exalt mind expense body invisible decided share visible points comely points body lovely eyes wit beautiful hands feet lorna neck white snow lizzie gifted gait port bounding health garden bench ash tree left dear mother talk pleasure children wide awake parents father mothers laugh young
soon forgot tom annie fell thinking lorna call children educate honour rank worked worse reason meditation fresh cut spars seasoning especially sap cutting find needful plenty stock pleasant copse sloping west sun descended brightly rocks banks dwell stems mottled dimpled wood twigs coming elbows hung clung closely mode bending children danger overhead shrunken leaves quivered rustled points stars rising falling delicately fingers play sad music bed slanting ground stools wood heaps dead brown leaves sheltered mats lichen drifts spotted stick rotten tufts rushes full fray hedge ran stream thing barely flowing scarce pint minute sunny weather crooks dark bravely bearded gallant rush pipe stem flag grounded divided threads points branching stick mighty pools rock large grown hat napped moss sides hung corded grasses
tear shed sweetest sweet eyes sigh pursued home hot anger cold bitter distant week exhausted sorrow grief flowing affection fear aged show tombstone mothers haste infants children shrink history lapse forgotten judge god strode moors sadly trying cold virtue quick movement flake snow fallen earth caked hard dry brown crust sky banked darkness hard austere frowning fog weeks rime remain things look sameness kind colour freezing hard sharp piercing wind observed holy water froze sir coffin thing struck surprise fireside strong determination heave ash tree chimney piece birds going flying fly birds set direction steadily journeying westward heat speed flying business bound partly running partly flying partly fluttering silently voice head tail
child unhappy mother asked gently begun regard daughter happy happy mrs knew rest peace met real kindness ungrateful wicked bring deadly peril sake let pay price happiness dear child paying price replied mother embracing threatened sake ask john tell knows bit politics political matter dear mother proud heart terribly frightened importance barrows farm declared famous history rye house meal tub black box firm believer knowledge politics move matter things happened say shaking head wisdom happen women women end chapter lucy walter place quiet look round fear daughters heard give reason
sir happened believe love betwixt lorna story break evidence word break lorna thinks maiden gave touch say darling give held peace knowing words mischief mother looked wonder amazed speak counsellor looked wrath eyes tried burning say john cried stretching hand thing sort love worship answered kind violence surprise heard harm taking purse cutting strange sheep throat poor folk hanged benefit clergy thou varlet cried counsellor colour eyes changed sparkles fury deal low bred clod thou question doings talk clergy dream clergy sort cared
enterprise failed prefer dwell show mischief lay root failure mischief vile jealousy betwixt red yellow uniform try speak impartially belonging devonshire living borders born county tale told side tune hot word reviling desire fight putting truth appears follows devon bore red facings round hills due position western side doone glen knowing cousins yellow claim glory allowed firing worthy fellows waited aim cannon seeing shoot slope pointing general direction trusting god aim worthiness laid rope breech fired providence ordained shot casual mixture considered hard instance jug bottoms knobs doors pernicious dose scattering shattering unfortunate yellow opposite cliff killing wounding
found letter pinned knuckle leg mutton fear lost straw tom home nearly cured dreadful wound intended war mind family grieved imagined duty family strong power conscience totally forbade design lead charity hanged saw doubt grace god hoped cheat gallows news moment clever letter price horses shoes twopence farthing betty broken lover head stocking full money corner written distinguished war worshipful scholar master promoted tolls catch rebels part lorna greatly pleased goose butter cherries earl declared tasted beg young country procure instructions making nobleman deaf post solid mind brought understand nature thoughts lorna
resolved night assault undisciplined fourths shot fairly expected march visible musket mouths cared drilling forces teach hold musket supply weapon cleverest eyes give familiarity noise exploding fixed friday night venture moon full powder coming friday afternoon uncle reuben mean expose shooting risk residue valuable counsels influence practised beating carpets true service miners wonders grudge thirty miles round valley settled horses give account miners help despatched plunder pretended gold soon knew party robbers hearing valley fall ostensibly doone gate impregnable reality rear means water slide chosen twenty young fellows partly miners partly sheep farmers vocations relied spirit power climbing
poor tom knows bitter adventures pardon recalled sally child county doubt knows tom desperate doings law ruined law quiet object base thing dread evil spirit caught bridge soldiers end doubtful approaching set strawberry mare sweet winnie left hand parapet whisper dove coloured ear moment doubt leaped foaming tide swam landed according orders flight public house trap set winnie broke door put trod known ballad reported awhile poor tom caught means fondness liquor hanged luckily knew wife wonderful horse country attached law wholesome distance master king arose tom sued pardon afresh jeremy suited times glad help getting compensation
true known records registers bailey things consequence depending relating conduct expected set account family death known present proper tho general pardon issued exceptions persons crimes tell worst comrades harm steps string expected knew flanders give leave till dare told neighbour nations france order king criminal condemn dye transported leave children generally forfeiture parents immediately care government put hospital call house orphans bred fed taught fit trades services able provide honest industrious behaviour
walked room taking hand walk taking advantage threw bed kissed violently give due offered manner rudeness kiss thought heard body stairs bed lifted professing deal love told honest affection meant ill put guineas hand stairs confounded money love began elevated scarce knew ground stood comes read innocent young body learn guard attend early knowledge beauty young woman thinks handsome doubts truth tells love believes charming tis natural expect effects gentleman fir inclination vanity found opportunity sorry hold comes half hour falls introduction
dear whore says understand desire remember discourses hours pains believe honest woman wife intentionally effectual marriage pass wedded parson parish words found close follows stood stock says highest injustice believe yielded love questioned shaken thing happen afterward dishonourable thoughts ask foundation suggestion yielded affection believe wife give lye arguments call whore mistress thing transfer brother transfer affection bid cease loving bid love power think change demand
consequence amounts women nice character makes offer say woman easy occasion say venture greatness danger absurd contrary women ten thousand times reason wary backward hazard betray greater ladies act wary part discover cheat offer short lives days bear character ladies enquiry soon able distinguish deliver women think safety worth thought impatient present run matrimony horse rushes battle say sort ladies pray rest distemper look venture estates lottery hundred thousand blanks prize common sense woman giving attack accepting proposal person character contrary think weakest creatures rate goes
considered thing calmly took husband diligent careful main knew dreadful circumstances confess proposal unreasonable wife family heart wou nature look longer husband relation son mother clear ill sex set thing impossible turn resolutions short poring means bring pass voyage length husband propose going degree call unkind wife unnatural mother ask entertain thought horror leaving children dead mother true things real desire charge unnatural easily answer knew relation unnatural highest degree
looking goods soon obliged journey bristol attendance affair took diversion going bath humour gay woman fortune tho woman fortune expected happen mend circumstances case bath place gallantry expensive full snares thither view taking offer justice protest meant honest thoughts look suffered guided stay season call contracted unhappy acquaintance prompted follies fell fortify pleasantly company say gay fine company discouragement find living sunk exceedingly settled income spending main stock kind bleeding death gave sad reflections shook flatter offer advantage
stay weeks conductor led country village miles liverpool brother call visit livery thing love happen think cheated thought safe card home quit mend appearance brother match worth listening estate sister worth lay ireland fortune pass ask estate false friend taking foolish hearsay country call irishman understood stark mad bait short courted presents run debt mad courtship give due appearance extraordinary fine gentleman tall extraordinary address talk naturally park stables horses game keepers woods tenants servants mansion house seen
house months twelve ladies pleasure brought bed doors think thirty thereabouts conduct doors whereof nice landlady st jones strange testimony growing vice age bad shock senses began place practice say saw believe seen indecency house seen stairs visit lying ladies month lady piece honour management touch woman wife month permit lye house pretence tho wife saying car children born house help carried farther needful error hand error reputation business obtain character tho care women instrumental wicked trade drove
care needful children neglect give needful affection nature neglect highest degree nay goes farther order lost tis intentional child lives dies things represented view blackest frightful form free governess learn call mother represented dark thoughts told distress part harden things possibility touch religious part scruples equally impenetrable part related affection ask careful tender lying inn child told dear says hang think women trade bread careful children mothers
left officer prize fully satisfy appointed meet house directing cargo suspicion began believing understand prize fain put twenty pound let ignorant glad offer bring certainty asked rose fell rose word offered consented demanding piece lace thought pound wear agreed money paid night end bargain enquire discover part goods challenge punctually divided spoil governess pass manager nicest cases found easiest sort business enquire prohibited goods buying betray discoveries amounted thing considerable related cautious running found miscarried
accident spoil market home governess hurt set feet merry bartholomew fair begun walks fair advantage took turn fell shops thing consequence gentleman dress rich tis frequent talk body shops told put raffle small matter coming lot presented think feather muff talking common appearance respect civil gentleman held talk till drew place shop door walk cloister talking thousand things thing purpose told charm company ask durst trust coach told honour offer thing unbecoming
saw hast business stop brought bundle safe governess money plate jewels suit indian damask gown petticoat head ruffles flanders lace things knew invention success governess try times tho place try white corner coat lane coaches stand stratford bow side country flying horse coaches lay luck booty warehouse coasting vessels north castle places warehouse shut comes young fellow letter wanted box hamper castle ask marks shows letter ask gave account contents box full hamper full glass ware read letter took care marks person goods person bad messenger morning warehouse keeper night
case means proper money goods poor convict sold soon shore carry cargo goods notice took part stock left rest governess governess brought things proper till knew kind captain ship thought died heart sunk sight thoughts parting condition cry intolerably talk took read fellow prisoner letter greatly told impossible going ship began question give leave ship pleas tho voluntarily transport put board ship direct captain convict prisoners began seeing till virginia desperate seeing hand accident sea mortality undone creature
perplexity spouse uneasy thought open let part grievance say wonder trust especially grievous afflicting truth trusted thing deserve wife thing knew open body disclose part heavy mind let say sex able secret plain conviction contrary sex sex secret moment confident bosom friend communicate joy grief double weight spirits insupportable appeal human testimony truth times women greatest qualities ways found weak part able bear weight secret joy secret sorrow disclose mere giving vent mind weights attended token folly natural consequence thing longer oppression certainly told sleep secret let fatal nature soever regard person
supply sorts husband took especial care buy things knew delighted wigs silver swords fine fowling pieces fine saddle pistols handsome scarlet cloak word think oblige fine gentleman order quantity household stuff wanted wanted furnish rest cargo consisted iron sorts harness horses tools servants woollen cloth stuffs stockings shoes hats servants wear pieces servants direction quaker cargo arrived safe condition woman servants lusty governess pick suitable place happen double child seamen ship ship brought stout boy months landing
british frequently criticized nations dislike change love england aspects nature change west country born slow speech tenacious opinion averse countrymen innovation sort houses neighbours tenants cottages fishing boats ply bristol channel conform patterns simpler age forty seventy spent afloat pardoned unnatural tenderness scenes youth satisfaction scenes remain altered conservative design build ships save sail storms frequent sea suppose sailor principally daily performance tasks manners times forty slave continue live clock reason rise morning finds dressing copy times reach failed order horse saddled ten ride meet post habit habit finds powerful ally housekeeper duties perceive amusement lightened regularity encourage
gathered wits start found lieutenant bligh full uniform side gave faint smile small eh taut ship taut ship sign follow bounty side boat crew strictly sober able row put backs soon alongside captain courtney tall seventy paid bligh compliment piping side side boys spotless white stood attention red ropes gangway full uniform blew slow solemn salute silver whistle bligh foot touched deck marine sentries stood attention silent save mournful piping walked aft saluting captain courtney awaited courtney bligh acquaintances bligh belle stubborn bloody action dogger bank captain courtney member family tall slender officer glass thin ironic mouth greeted pleasantly spoke father known reputation led cabin aft red coated sentry stood bulkhead drawn sword hand cabin war gazed curiously
carried bligh filled office assisted samuel clerk smug tight jewish cast countenance believed reason captain spy heartily disliked hands observed showed dislike samuel openly apt find trouble lieutenant bligh samuel task issue provisions cooks messes cask salt meat choicest pieces reserved cabin remainder scarcely fit human food issued messes weighed samuel call pounds mark amount book perceive meat weighed seamen regard meanness kind utmost contempt rarity service mean officer looked loathing put harsh captain drive british seamen mutiny faster captain suspected lining pockets expense bounty northeast trades incident occurred gave reason suspect bligh meanness kind weather fine morning main hatch raised stock cheeses brought deck air bligh missed detail management ship displayed matters smallness mind scarcely accord commission
recall vividly walk afternoon landing place point venus eastward curving beach sand sea broke high house set grassy point sheltered sea short stretch coral reef supported beautiful called au half cable length shore beaches snowy coral sand contrasting rich dark green tall trees grew water edge beach lay lagoon warm blue water fathoms deep clear air walked constant shade groves breadfruit trees fruit beginning ripen trees immense age girth height broad glossy leaves smooth bark majestic shape noblest shade trees certainly mankind slender coconut palm rose high air scattered picturesquely random groves saw houses indians thatched bright yellow leaves palmetto surrounded fences bamboo host forty times grandfather approached house walk half hour heard joyful shouts saw dozen sturdy children skipping greet
swine hallet spying squeaked contemptible sneak captain boat approaching swallowing anger began prepare manuscript week inspection half hour later interview bligh deck found christian gangway receive gift provisions things landowner brace fat hogs taro plantains vegetables fine mats indian cloaks pair handsome pearls low islands bligh strolled gangway seeing hogs called samuel ordered ship stores christian flushed bligh meant hogs mess answered captain harshly glanced mats cloaks christian send samuel charge indian curiosities trading groups moment sir protested christian things members family england replying captain turned contemptuously gangway servant handing christian small package cloth pearls indian tongue mistress sends mother england
think war france likely asked war france likely replied smiling curse thought war think paradise tahiti lives treated human beings abundant food easy duties unlimited opportunities sailor chief distraction women confess surprised left tahiti lot hills certainly places days passed left tahiti farther farther astern memory dream gradually fell routine unhappy incidents occurred mar peace period captain bligh took regular turns quarter deck rarely spoke spent cabin busy working charts islands quietly morning april sighted island friendly archipelago bligh captain cook intention replenish wood water proceeding direction endeavour straits wind southward difficulty making land late afternoon anchor road twenty fathoms
meant cut home friends yes hell suffered bligh tyranny limit endurance accused afternoon stealing coconuts felt bear sorely tried sorry situation think thought shame accusation contemptible sordid meanness bring charge officers thought voyage ahead knew endure torment luck calmness beauty night favourable purpose ship company deck becalmed impossible slip unseen decided plan abandoned temporarily wait passed island farther westward clock took charge deck thought mutiny occurred believe assure true paced brooding repeated insults received bligh
reason congratulate present situation week bounty departure unhappy think began question doctrines church brought ask human destiny ordered divine law ruled chance god powerful thought lad simplicity permitted moment unrighteous anger oppression injustice ruin lives innocent accompanied bligh launch majority mutineers simple fellows grievance led revolt held subjection iron law sea endured complaint hardships voyage temper considered brutal brutal age bligh goaded junior officer endurance ship raised cry mutiny voyage completed peacefully moment passion changed ship company hand mutiny awaiting english ship affair scot free fate scarcely termed enviable marooned indefinite indians island ends earth
ceremony bride reception house paraded slowly house precisely similar ceremony bloodletting folded sheets marked reception house family sat feast women lasted till midafternoon social part marriage religious remained performed family temple point house priest led solemn procession temple walled enclosure shaded huge banyan trees paved flat stones side pyramid thirty yards twenty wide rose steps height forty feet top perceived effigy bird curiously carved wood accompanied daughter led corner enclosure relatives took place opposite priest approached solemnly asked desire woman wife affection cool replied walked slowly young bride awaited put question answered sign advanced respective corners unfolded sheets white cloth blood families mingled
filthy beast call officer high soft voice feminine quality strange contrast swarthy hairy appearance say asked repeat called filthy beast stewart irons permit lieutenant took care reach regret promise repent re hung unable say tried irons rest manner resolved test mine fashion moment appeared ordered carry examination impossible freed leg irons ordered handcuffs altered fit tightly repaired brought difficulty fastened told conversation surgeon forgot wretched situation pleasure permitted converse passed rapidly previous realizing hope reached england resolved things devise methods passing
pass briefly events august doubt interesting members company prisoners roundhouse passed interminable slowness islands raised left proceeded endeavour straits sailing course captain bligh open boat voyage timor ploughed vast ocean scattered islands shoals unknown white gained truer conception remarkable nature bligh achievement succeeded bringing seventeen arms provided food water fair weather foul destination nearly thousand miles point departure nature miracle achievement principal topic conversation roundhouse personal feelings bligh feel proud englishmen voyage bounty launch saw edwards times course voyage official inspection merely stopping foot ladder glancing coldly going mercy existence wretched dared approached endeavour straits ceased visit duty left master arms
daybreak morning island proved inhabited looked desolate mainland white sandy beach soon gave rising ground abundant vegetation searched eagerly landing place seen afar proceeded indians gathered greater numbers beach jet black colour stark naked armed spears bows arrows finding break reef entered narrow lagoon approached half cable length shore moment place thronged savages excitement evident seen white signs wanted water persuasion half dozen coaxed boats enable give buttons cut articles clothing took keg pinnace container size water presently returned filled eager desperate haste drank offered pitiful sight civilized observer savages laughed yelled delight watched keg soon emptied bringing beach signs fetch
graham bid farewell leaving portsmouth told sir joseph court alternative imposing sentence say directly gave understand hope afternoon erskine remaining dusk settled affairs living relative cousin mother side lad fifteen lived india father strange think home rest family fortune boy seen venture say passed days thoughts dictionary proved greatest blessings able give attention manuscript pages fragrant tahiti memories helen baby torn finger marked plainly hear mother voice took quickly scolding lovingly mischief help father scarcely word brought memories thronging remembered circumstances added sweet poignant odour flower rise page written lived happy stewart peggy spent island lagoon
remembered moment light began dawn yes sir replied remember reflect carefully depends depose concerning conversation need collect thoughts omit smallest detail business clear knew precisely wanted thank god memory unimpaired age extraordinary thing night christian talking larboard guns quarter deck moment stood commissioners forgotten immensely important fact bligh overheard part think stuck mind reasonable explanation course boat voyage timor afterward bligh knowledge explained considered christian party believed reason failing deck launch veered astern knew christian spoken number times morning mutiny christian friend rascal damn straight believe took proceeding told story moment deck watch forgotten
proceeding eastern slope tree hill soon reached stewart glen passed happy hours sat flat stone close spot house stood trace house remained garden tended care found took remains ferns stewart bones overgrown coral lay mingled rotting timbers reef australian coast peggy child sun set shadows deepening glen sadly rose steep rocky trail led morning took pinnace dozen sailed east side tahiti eastern coast flourishing agreeably surprised find realm desolated war pestilence scarce found lived approached strained eyes sight tall house point presently perceived emotion house stood spot lived boat grounded sand score brighter faces stood beach welcome
mom re going kew gardens today poured milk cereal needed splashed table don start working kew gardens summer mother answered annoyed milk mopped word wright parents spending summer england london wright england business mrs wright decided courses kew botanic gardens nearby meant hang gardens worst part spent summer grandmother cape cod granny house beach invited dog wags begged nagged pleaded parents let england boring awful summer eleven american girl tell saturday london zoo chinese dinner sound dad reached table squeezed hand okay guess mumbled left week re london let hair cut mom suggested
princess charlotte sulking bushes woman shrill voice rhododendron bushes charlotte put finger lips miss called nice shook bell jingled hear hurt paw comforting frighten feared happened started ask charlotte shook head silence miss goose governess charlotte whispered minutes lets hear bell pursues stared charlotte going charlotte princess woman called princess crazy jumped brushed jeans announced don sudden charlotte didn sound mean entertain haven seen age arrived kew palace june spend summer grandparents understand arrived june charlotte didn dangerous dog adorable dropped ball lap play stay stop ordering agreed
couldn wait kew gardens find charlotte planned play let charlotte game english girl going put certainly nice cheerful change mrs wright main gate knew fun gave chance going queen cottage told meet lunch mother gave kiss love love mom ran wet grass queen cottage reached rhododendron bushes sneakers soaked broad leaves sprinkled shower drops slipped narrow entrance charlotte tried laughter voice maze rhododendron roots trunks confusing searched realized charlotte surprised disappointed felt wasn spend charlotte presented challenge looked forward dragged feet charlotte boring kew gardens routine mom absolutely place stay home today watch tv
want hair cut don believe mrs wright stopped middle pouring juice wright looked morning paper big deal tired hair cut ran finger neck short taking inches mom short don want cut risk nagging hair months certainly won argue inches fact let today change mind hard cry barber started cutting snippets hair lay floor blonde shag rug mom looked shaken shut eyes didn watch charlotte surprised decision ridiculous american hair ridiculous american charlotte princess charlotte augusta future queen england days fact impossible didn feel talking plan middle game charlotte eyes filled tears keeping tighter watch meet mama thursday
clutched arms ran length room door opposite end turn knob heard voices side lots lots voices aunts uncles gathering trapped dungeons chains torture bread water sorts images flashed mind complete panic surveyed room closets hide curtains thin conceal window seats window seats house home opened storage whimpered whined arms quickly fed dog biscuit ran room thankful silent sneakers yes window seats pull latches lifted seen princess charlotte lieutenant miss door didn give think yanked open window seat jumped inside carefully lowered lid air wedged mask lid inch breathing space terrified cried squirmed reached bag biscuit left terrible dog biscuits quiet sure act give
couldn wait charlotte hear happened charlotte palace looked charlotte didn find maybe punished ruining king didn find monday didn worry sure find maze house met tuesdays tuesday warm sunny walked queen cottage past pond wanted kids sailboats red headed girl called hello waved stopped looked fun big boat pride fleet couldn stay meet charlotte searched end maze house didn find charlotte fact didn footprint broken twig evidence hours spent crawled secret entrance weekend rain warm sun felt lay face sky wondering feet running grass ears flew pink tongue hung
station tom going wet shouldn crimp left want look nice polly comes don expect bring home strange girl tom looked alarmed sister proposed escort wild woman australia course place wasn bear call mean supposed catch bothering friends sir tom rose sofa air indignant resolution impressive effect damaged tousled head hunched appearance garments generally don cross mamma let horrid ned miller fond visit polly fanny hoping soothe ruffled feelings going stay demanded tom making toilet promiscuous shake month maybe nice happy won stay help muttered tom regarded girls unnecessary portion creation boys fourteen apt think wise arrangement fond turning somersaults opportunity indulging metaphorically speaking later abject slaves bothering girls
going school morning ready fanny left late breakfast table look nice asked polly hall half hour put wad answered irreverent tom preparations school consisted flinging cap head strapping big books looked weapons defence wad asked polly fanny marched deigning reply hair top head place tom whistling air sublime indifference curly fine school asked polly watching fan arrange forehead settle streamers belonging dress girls proper meet going walk lessons wish wear hat sack answered fanny trying stick hat angle defied laws gravitation don think nice feather warmer wear polly ran room fearing friend ashamed plain costume
fanny friends interest afraid older wiser younger talked things knew fanny tried explain didn find interesting shocked puzzled girls let civil met evidently feeling odd belong set turned maud companionship sister excellent company polly loved dearly miss maud absorbed affairs belonged set mites musicals parties receptions promenades elders chief idea lives ape fashionable follies innocent understand maud tiny card case paid calls mamma fan box dainty gloves jewel drawer crimping pins fine fanciful wardrobe paris doll french maid dress polly couldn maud didn child corrected polly conversations manners mademoiselle perfect maud felt poorly turn nerves mamma polly gentle ways kind forbearance soothed fine lady
wait till finish chapter pitiful polly returned boy discovered broken head base stratagem roved room till fan bureau arrested covered sorts finery dressed hurry left conducted boy let things moral brother put things rights tom rummaged heart content till fan drawers looked making hay tried effect ear rings ribbons collars wound watch wasn burnt nose smelling salts deluged grimy handkerchief fan cologne anointed curly crop hair oil powdered face violet powder finished pinning bunch false ringlets fanny tried profound secret ravages committed bad boy power language describe revelled interesting drawers boxes cases held sister treasures curls put fingers blue ribbon added la fan surveyed satisfaction considered effect fine inspired try greater metamorphosis dress fan lay chair tom chuckling suppressed laughter polly absorbed bed curtains hit iniquity
wait minute cried thought naughty head taking shoes socks climb tree fan don ask questions ready pick em fall miss mysterious speech pattered house barefooted full plan stairs window opening shed roof creeping carefully till tree stood suddenly crowed rooster nelly looked stared laughed clapped hands saw going afraid slip hurt don care plums break neck half sliding half walking sloping roof till boughs tree reach hurrah cried nelly dancing shake dozen plums rattling round hurrah cried letting branch trying reach foot slipped tried catch hold found cry fell big plum grass fortunately shed low grass thick tree broke fall bad bump terrible shaking nelly thought killed began cry mouth full
saw lafayette tipsy counts uncle hancock sweet dears call mean days dead aunt married captain scott thing living federal street aristocratic street children lived close josiah quincy mayor city aunt word marquis lafayette wished pay respects course delighted flew ready aunt lady grand toilet anxious look girl wear asked fan interest wore steel colored satin trimmed black lace cap pinned lafayette badge white satin forget looked sat front parlor sophy portrait husband side sat madam madam williams elegant behold stiff silks rich lace stately turbans don splendid ladies days think polly slyly grandma shook head pleased admired beauty
polly bad true pets maud cat bird live happily brother sister polly turning maud devoured word saying muttered tom feeling polly address conversation polly knows talking brothers appreciate sisters observed fanny sharp tone polly appreciates brothers don forget add ma answered tom tell going college broke polly avert rising storm hope enjoy observed tom air passed mysteries reached sublime indifference juniors pride think fond study anxious improve opportunity hope won overwork sick boys simple polly respectful belief eager thirst knowledge class tom regarded deluded girl smile lofty pity heights vast varied experience guess won hurt don study hard tom eyes twinkled planned boyish pranks afraid trusted guide rumors heard true polly looking wistful expression caused face assume sobriety owl
trying morning polly felt tune pianos need tuner pupils unusually stupid announced mamma going south suddenly called blow begun polly face send bill quarter plans calculations sadly disturbed failure sum trudging home dinner tired disappointed poor polly received blow hurt loss pupils hurrying big music book hand paper bag rolls tea saw tom coming watched slowly approached looking gay handsome happy polly sunshine walking side street wintry wind mud longing friendly face receive kind word crossed meaning nod smile saw suddenly absorbed distant horizon tom apparently eyes fixed fine horse prancing polly thought seen approached curious flutter heart tom cut felt cup full
liked country breakfast gave polly satisfaction big boy clear dishes empty coffee pot sit laugh ravaged table pleasure let help clear home peals laughter accompanied performance miss mills heart hear room small big polly continually dodging arms legs inspect flower pots pay nick visit music beginning church dined miss mills considered excellent young afternoon fair took walk bridges country city streets full sabbath quietude meeting seen awkward young boy face atop tall body quietly dressed fresh faced woman hanging arm eyes read romances pleasant histories found attractive couple smiled passed wondering young lovers country cousins looking round stormy stayed home reading writing letters talking affairs giving advice nearly younger polly couldn help assuming amusingly venerable airs freshman
perfectly aching fun polly opened window morning sunshine frosty air set blood dancing eyes sparkling youth health overflowing spirits break impossible steady longer polly sprinkled crumbs doves daily fed watched gleaming necks rosy feet racked brain devise unusually delightful enjoying bottled spirits uncontrollable effervescence opera suddenly announced doves expensive remarkably music treat yes tickets cheap send note poor lad needs fun nice corner charles lamb sister polly slammed window dismay gentle began fly energy singing talking impossible quiet started early lesson buy tickets hoping put dollar bill purse wouldn high felt mood resist temptation
portraits gallery asked sydney liked share nonsense going call portrait gentleman glass reflected gratified face space seconds thank glad don disgrace sydney looking merry blue eyes thanked silently small kindnesses women forget polly getting fast whispered tom patting yellow kids approvingly quiet dear warm polly gave frown delighted soul ice fan absorbed couldn think disturbing polly friend enjoying evening mistake fan acting effect longed turn join wouldn person showed signs missing didn fanny chatted raging inwardly disappointment wondering polly gay selfish delicious airs polly put felt acting part leaned oppressed heat permitted sydney fan paid service giving flower bouquet proceedings amused tom immensely piqued treated friend didn count
don think nowadays fanny tired sort sigh put hand help polly happy fortune find friends helpers fathers brothers woman stand help rebecca decidedly strong minded fanny lip curled uttered misused words yes strong minded strong hearted strong strong larger miserable pinched woman strength beauty don think broad shoulders bear burdens breaking hands eyes clearly lips gossip fanny silent voice bess corner put child arms becky nurse give ballot box cried voice turning round saw odd looking woman perched sofa thank suggestion kate put symbols feet going needle pen palette broom suggest talents owns ballot box show earned goes rebecca offered clay daubed hand cordially shook news girls
want tom yes don look scared want show present ask advice accepting tom look knocked exclaimed polly forgetting saw face rose turned meet regularly floored steadier read tell think tom snatched letter table put hands began walk room veritable bear cage polly read short note color face eyes began kindle end stood minute indignant speak gave paper nervous sort crumple dropped floor saying breath think mercenary heartless ungrateful girl think deuce didn mean show tom took paper looking half angry half ashamed mistake don care morrow girls bothering questions gabble added thoughts relieved communication polly don wonder looked upset
don began love tom found winter surprised continued polly glad unburden heart didn approve thought extravagant reckless disappointed chose thought saw worse felt tom hated led affections woman marries mar true cried fan polly paused look picture appeared regard grave steady look assertions don mean weak bad hate need love happy woman knows polly answering mute language tom face hope maria bailey thinks added softly couldn bear disappointed dare say don care fig borrowing trouble say ned answered asked inconvenient girl fanny turning hopeful polly repeated added asked letter didn admire miss tom wrote nice girl nonsense white kids ready dance tom wedding
spoke polly drew locket opened showed picture tom gave bag peanuts cut small fitted side curl reddish hair black button tom laughed saw don mean frightful guy boy polly polly faithful maud says known don flatter worn sir put spring didn dare ask button coat insisted wearing failure duty look shabby curl stole maud silly think short pause refreshments polly turned anxiously hard week won drudgery write feel working home give forty power pay debts start ned married partnership happiest busiest west sounds delightful won tom
clock moonlit morning october lookout pinta christopher columbus ships saw dim outline land distance columbus set sail months earlier spain bold risky plan aimed reach east sailing west european course knew continents lay columbus believed land lookout spotted island coast asia actually island san salvador bahamas despite growing evidence later voyages land columbus clung belief reached asia death christopher columbus death truth stumbled dawned europeans age exploration greatest discovery soon european monarch hurrying claim part race colonies riches spain ahead european countries columbus discovery spain established colonies central america south america present united states native indian population areas asia earlier numbered millions central south america spanish arrived century spanish conquered took gold silver destroyed civilizations
female candidate office president united states claimants honor known gilded age earliest victoria lady actions created controversy mrs sister stockbrokers york city proud success thought business victoria believed women capable announced candidate president united states election soon announcement victoria started weekly newspaper publicize candidacy newspaper advocated reforms believed including woman suffrage tried national woman suffrage association support candidacy refused undaunted held convention declared presidential candidate equal rights party convention nominated frederick douglass vice president surprised black leader declined honor preferring support ulysses grant election unlikely event mrs won election inauguration delayed months reached age required constitution presidency turned equal rights party unable ballot votes twelve later handful women met california
machines town dunfermline scotland making living easy william carnegie arrived impossible carnegie skilled worker handloom weaver linen cloth child andrew born power loom dunfermline put operation putting hundreds william carnegie william margaret carnegie sons andy tom left scotland seek opportunities america arriving york continued area pittsburgh pennsylvania relatives living parents andy find immediately andy job bobbin boy textile mill bobbins spools spinning machines full cotton thread andy replaced empty job required skill paid week cents days week working sunrise sunset short job andy messenger pittsburgh telegraph office delivering telegrams watched telegraph operators soon andy mastered skill age hired operator week short country evenings andy school learn bookkeeping read important english scottish american writers
mark twain famous american writers growing working mississippi later living mining frontier twain lived american story wrote mark twain qualities values americans think especially american democratic views hated importance punctured humor simple direct writing set style later american writers mark twain real samuel langhorne clemens born tiny village florida missouri grew hannibal missouri town miles km mississippi river kinds passed hannibal river west boy samuel clemens saw killed waterfront fights watched slaves chains sold cotton growing lands river hannibal rawness violence frontier twain later remembered heavenly place boy river place play wonder small boy swim simply watch river steamboats rafts piled high farm produce floated possibility adventures woods caves edge village clemens greatest books drew experiences river days samuel schooling ended age father died
kings child named henrietta mother nicknamed nettie born daughter ella son richard ii son born february kings showed sympathies lay civil war naming son robert lee king richard king met robert lee mexican war close friends partly friendship richard king fiery rebel union quarrel texas decision secede join confederacy civil war hard ranchers texas lost trade united states army posts southwest american cowboys left ranches join confederate armies texas home guards united states cavalry control indians drove ranchers south nueces river area richard king able fortune ranchers suffered king agent confederate government steamboat company carried southern cotton rio grande mexican town matamoros cotton exchanged british guns supplies vital struggling south king put mexican flags steamboats protect union attack shrewdly insisted paid gold confederate paper money aid confederacy known union forces tried times put end capturing notorious captain king
wisconsin number states progressives brought reform oregon york missouri iowa california jersey states progressive governors battled political machines cleaned corruption states adopted initiative referendum direct primary direct election senators seventeenth amendment provided direct election senators states progressive states set commissions wisconsin regulate rates charged railroads public utilities adopted laws florence kelley championed addition child labor maximum hour laws states provided workmen compensation gave pensions families workers killed seriously injured job progressive era women important gains effort win vote states women vote added list starting women movement began achieve success states granted women full voting rights progressivism arrived national level presidency theodore roosevelt youth growing island york sickly weak theodore teddy family referred iron exercise determination grew strong college took boxing nearsighted glasses theodore read widely habit carried
history united states navy admiral alfred thayer mahan stands important odd mahan total experience battle amounted exchange naval gunfire civil war mahan contribution lay field ideas mahan understood role wrote theodore roosevelt thought action practical effect thoughts continued worked military political leadership united states embarked course imperialism alfred mahan provided strategic ideas actions alfred mahan born west point york father professor mathematics united states military academy alfred decided early wanted army officer father believed refused help academy age alfred columbia college york city alfred determined career military columbia took train washington secretary war jefferson davis talked davis letting united states naval academy annapolis maryland mahan brilliant student graduated top class
william jennings bryan remembered mainly career domestic politics justly history henry clay franklin roosevelt richard nixon presidential candidate major party times nearly decades bryan leading figure party reform champion poor oppressed known commoner forgotten bryan held important views foreign affairs shared millions americans bryan leading imperialist strong advocate peace william jennings bryan born salem illinois bryans prosperous families area lived large house acre ha farm town bryan family deeply religious sunday morning spent church sunday afternoon hymns sung home bible quoted bryan home early training remained william jennings bryan views politics foreign affairs based christian beliefs william bryan father silas bryan schoolteacher lawyer finally judge served legislature william mother jennings bryan taught children home entered local public schools
york stock exchange marketplaces stock market place shares stock corporations bought sold thursday october stock market opened usual minutes clear ordinary stock prices tumbling panic set scrambled wildly sell shares prices lower close business record number shares traded track sales hours recording friday saturday price stocks remained steady monday slide began tuesday october known forever black tuesday fell prices plunged buyers found stocks end million shares sold billions dollars values wiped persons counted wealthy week lost stock market crash beginning depression stock market crash happen read chapter business boomed corporations large profits held stock shares ownership profitable companies received high dividends earnings investment wanted buy shares wanting buy sell price stocks
amelia otis lecturing granddaughter jumping fences gate supposed small girl mrs otis strenuous roll hoop public square clearly amelia otis thought amount physical activity girl going proper lady intended granddaughter amelia otis tried child granddaughter amelia earhart mind accept idea athletic activities boys accept traditional divisions activities sexes fact amelia earhart famous women excelling field largely reserved aviation amelia born atchinson kansas amy edwin earhart parents discourage independent ways young amelia earhart took fishing trips father tom sawyer explored cliffs caves missouri river home wrote father shortly christmas dear dad muriel footballs greatly annoyed adventure books read written boys later noted girl close cover book dream boy happen someday
war general macarthur appointed superintendent west point youngest superintendent history academy updated curriculum academy courses introduced give future officers broader knowledge national affairs cadets required part athletics general macarthur assignment took philippines land course career president herbert hoover called united states hoover wanted chief staff army highest position macarthur unwilling leave philippines mother sensed mind recalled accept father ashamed showed timidity settled general arthur macarthur passed chief staff twenty later son youngest hold high position douglas macarthur took command united states army low point size ranked sixteenth poorly trained poorly equipped small amount money congress spent showed low interest public chief staff presidents herbert hoover franklin roosevelt macarthur worked build support army speeches testified numerous occasions committees congress
war ii company levitt sons island york thousand builders homes company started depression end building homes island area suburb york city homes fairly expensive levitt sons home builders days built houses war building materials labor short supply construction private homes fell sharply need temporary low cost housing nation mushrooming military bases booming war industries levitt company won contract build housing naval base norfolk virginia complete dwelling units quickly levitt adopted mass production methods factories war mood uncertainty country feared return depression builders cautious starting homes builders levitt saw situation differently millions war veterans returning home starting families need housing congress passed law called servicemen readjustment act gi bill rights part law allowed veterans borrow money low interest rates buy homes
late jordan announced run democratic nomination united states congress texas eighteenth congressional district district heavily populated mixed section houston won democratic nomination astonishing percent total democratic vote november election republican opponent margin votes election congresswoman jordan asked received assignment house representatives judiciary committee congress committees judiciary committee house representatives attracted national attention discussion impeachment proceedings president richard nixon pages judiciary committee members permitted minute statement national television barbara jordan forceful statement constitutional principles involved quickly recognized masterpiece received letters televised statement changed minds wife relatives friends country praised statement words eloquence brilliant mind magnificent voice voice voice listening brilliant symphony barbara jordan served terms congress sponsored legislation aid cities problems faced showed concern environment poor americans strongly supported bills create federally funded programs prevention treatment diabetes cancer alcoholism
citizens united states vote denied abridged united states account sex congress power legislation enforce provisions article terms president vice president end noon january terms senators representatives noon january terms ended article ratified terms successors begin congress assemble meetings begin noon january law appoint fixed beginning term president president elect died vice president elect president president chosen fixed beginning term president elect failed qualify vice president elect act president president qualified congress law provide case president elect vice president elect qualified declaring act president manner act selected persons act president vice president qualified
deafening cheering bird gracefully lifted sky rocket belching lower end soared thin clouds began vapor trail disappeared space history lucian warren reporter launching commander alan shepard american penetrate outer space historic chapter continuing history country book dedicated helping understand history chosen astronauts united states space program close members large family trained ate slept lived roof died accident cape canaveral january astronauts rocketed space john glenn later senator ohio orbit circle earth successful orbit flight took place february flight lasted hours minutes seconds blast landing glenn space capsule reached height miles km speed approximately miles km hour astronauts reached heights equal greater glenn dozen thrill walking moon astronaut set foot moon neil armstrong moon astronauts unusual experience glance united states
indians living western plains hunted farmed indians east south culture changed buffalo herds increased numbers indians trailed herds cleverly invented ways bring big animals indians surrounded herd drove cliff times hunter wrapped buffalo skin crept close herd kill animals bow arrows herds shelters light easy carry shelters women stitched buffalo hides stretched hides framework poles form dwelling called tepee women provided basic dwelling cooking prepared rich buffalo meat buffalo stomachs cooking pots serve food ladles spoons buffalo horns coming europeans america buffalo important lives plains indians horses guns brought america europeans buffalo hunting easier later plains indians totally dependent buffalo eastern region indians carried farming cleared trees fields raised beans corn pumpkins squash fished streams lived ocean gathered shellfish
netherlands known holland trading country seventeenth century energetic dutch merchants lively business islands coast southeast asia obtained spices cloves pepper nutmeg islands traders called spice islands reach spice islands dutch merchant ships took route africa indian ocean voyage spice islands return netherlands took costly merchants dissatisfied expensive route knew spanish portuguese french explorers trying find shorter route sailing west dutch merchants hired english sea captain named henry hudson look shorter route hudson tried sailing northeast northern europe unsuccessful attempts decided impossible sailed west atlantic ship half moon explored atlantic coast united states henry hudson half moon entered bays coast today known york bay delaware bay chesapeake bay bays led northwest passage hudson looking sailed river flows york bay half moon present albany turning today broad waterway known hudson river henry hudson explorations
indian princess pocahontas rescue captain john smith death page smith story believe point smith wrote book virginia shortly event involving pocahontas supposed happened book mentioned pocahontas fact smith didn add rescue story book later pocahontas husband john rolfe visiting england virginia couple famous received deal attention agrees john smith burning desire fame honors known tell tall stories deeds likely say smith tale rescue order share popularity fame pocahontas rolfe note smith wrote event later changed details story dramatic believe smith told truth note common english names smith uncommon adventurer soldier explorer author books books captain smith tells adventures close calls death hard believe pocahontas story
franklin deal money inventions chose took patent invention wish contribute humankind enjoy advantage invention explained glad opportunity serve invention freely generously franklin interested practical side science defended scientific studies lead immediately observing scientist experiment heard say franklin turned replied newborn baby mid benjamin franklin drawn public service talents common sense ability deal ideal person public office citizens elected philadelphia assembly began public service franklin later pennsylvania legislature london capital british empire look colony interests colonies soon asked represent interests london franklin stayed england helped persuade parliament repeal stamp act page tried british government understand american colonies desire rule king george iii finally tired hearing franklin arguments behalf colonies
general thomas gage british military governor massachusetts headquarters boston received orders put signs rebellion king george iii gage knew colonial leaders stored military supplies concord small town miles km northwest boston british general determined seize supplies night april force british soldiers marched boston bound concord watched marched paul revere william dawes dr samuel prescott rode ahead riders warned british coming early morning part british forces reached lexington concord village green lexington massachusetts militiamen assembled british commander ordered disperse captain john parker commander militia told stand ground don fire fired mean war let begin suddenly sound smoke musket fire filled morning air fired shot mystery today militiamen killed wounded skirmish militiamen withdrew red coated british soldiers continued march concord massachusetts militiamen large numbers gathered concord unable british searching town destroying military supplies find small battle took place north bridge concord sides suffered casualties
slavery involuntary servitude punishment crime whereof party duly convicted exist united states place subject jurisdiction congress power enforce article legislation persons born naturalized united states subject jurisdiction thereof citizens united states reside enforce law abridge privileges immunities citizens united states deprive person liberty property due process law deny person jurisdiction equal protection laws representatives apportioned states according respective numbers counting number persons excluding indians taxed vote election choice electors president vice president united states representatives congress executive judicial officers members legislature thereof denied male inhabitants twenty age citizens united states abridged participation rebellion crime basis representation reduced proportion number male citizens bear number male citizens twenty age
american ambassadors paris french officials met french officials suggested americans pay bribe negotiations begin americans refused report president adams happened adams reported affair congress report congress president adams refused french officials asked bribe identified reason negotiations france known affair news reached american public demands declaration war france increased president adams continued withstand pressure declare war realized duty protect united states invasion french forces called george washington retirement command army volunteers alexander hamilton named command congress established department navy headed benjamin maryland served ability america secretary navy established navy yards american warships built french american naval vessels actually fought battles declaration war president adams stood firm patience rewarded napoleon bonaparte power france napoleon willing end undeclared naval warfare american diplomatic representatives france treated courtesy france united states cancelled troublesome treaty alliance
course thomas jefferson received numerous honors held high offices governor virginia united states congressman served united states minister france country secretary vice president president approached death eighty achievements wished remembered chose words simple buried thomas jefferson author declaration american independence statute virginia religious freedom father university virginia naming things significant accomplishments jefferson told later generations deal values beliefs thomas jefferson born albemarle county virginia children mother jane member randolph family important wealthiest families virginia peter jefferson father similar family background surveyor tobacco planter owned deal land thomas jefferson taught private tutors public schools private rural south peter jefferson died tom oldest surviving son tom inherited acres ha land large number slaves responsibility looking lands father left
jackson knew strong sectional feelings united states term began tried part country chose person section member cabinet secretary martin van buren york represented east john eaton jackson home tennessee west serve secretary war jackson attorney general john southern georgia keen witted van buren member official cabinet president jackson relied advice months jackson stopped regular cabinet meetings president group advisers group included politicians newspapermen held minor government jobs jackson opponents called informal group advisers kitchen cabinet pictured sitting jackson kitchen stove chewing political questions group actually meet kitchen jackson rely group advice knew members close touch ordinary jackson democracy america mean equal opportunity special privileges ideas led free public school system united states schools america early colonial times free free children poor parents
farming oregon fur trading posts french prairie rich valley willamette river area settled solely farming purposes american french canadian families living willamette valley settlers began arrive large numbers george william bush free black fought andrew jackson army battle orleans bush wife children arrived oregon american settlers willamette valley organized provisional government temporary government set step making oregon official territory united states provisional government passed law forbidding black settle oregon law seriously enforced fact george william bush secured homestead acres ha today recognized pioneer settlers american northwest thousand americans living region today states oregon washington lesser number british citizens lived region americans clear dissatisfaction joint ownership oregon country britain united states oregon fever brought oregon question expansion chief issue presidential election john tyler quarreled bitterly leaders party whigs henry clay candidate james polk tennessee democratic candidate
sam clemens reluctant pupil schools attended schools required students pay tuition free public schools hannibal attended country school summers spent uncle john quarles farm heavenly place boy samuel clemens later wrote wide mysterious mississippi education hannibal main stop forty headed west gold fields california samuel clemens later recalled boys knew sold souls forty father died pneumonia boy find job help support family sam clemens apprentice printer age printing office served boy college type set hand days sam clemens read written material order set type absorbed information studied ideas learned history soaked bad literature sam clemens found printing shop drudgery fulfilled boyhood ambition mississippi steamboat pilot guiding big riverboats routes mississippi later famous pen mark twain
disappointments soon returned south persuade husband found discovered remarried wish leave harriet tubman beginning congress passed law escape slavery difficult fugitive slave law part compromise sheriffs northern states require citizens help capture fugitive runaway slaves blacks accused fugitives tried special commissioner jury commissioner ruled black fugitive slave received fee ruled black fugitive returned slavery commissioner received fee northerners refused obey fugitive slave law conductors underground railroad decided safer runaways country canada tubman took group line underground railroad group numbered included harriet brothers traveled overland hudson river albany westward route erie canal niagara falls finally crossed niagara river town st catherines canada route tubman met famous antislavery peterboro york gerrit smith provided money abolitionist
civil war reconstruction period mark divide history united states founding tiny settlement jamestown arisen laid foundation nation greatness greatest crisis civil war settlement west proceed breathtaking pace americans moved vast area west mississippi river progress consume resources thought future ruthlessly smash indian civilization stood united states rapidly change farming nation industrial start civil war united states mainly farming country industrial development part nineteenth century united states witness rapid industrial growth history americans stun huge production goods factories mines united states rank industrial leader maintain position america industrial giant changing rural nation urban constitutional convention percent american population lived rural areas civil war america city million york percent america lived urban areas
morning friend bruce hike prairie spring late saskatoon saskatchewan snowdrifts clung steep banks river shelter cottonwood trees river icy thaw water crossed railroad bridge feel cold breath rising felt breath gentle blowing distant wheat fields smelling warm sun shining soft mud spring wind smell walk faster hurry city real prairie climb fence post million miles flat prairie thing saskatoon ended sharp edge outskirts saskatoon stepped end railroad bridge stepped prairie free gophers gophers commonest thing prairie mounds yellow dirt burrows thick looked fields yellow measles bruce interested gophers looking owl nest decided wanted pet owls want pet owls find nest young
listen bruce corner cut past barney slough section road drink late told pal sheik doomed leave lay nuts bruce thirsty mon let cut past barney slough thousand mallard ducks jumped air wings sound freight train going bridge wish dad gun bruce wondering prairies call lakes ponds sloughs don re called saskatoon big bluff corner walked anyway cooler trees halfway spotted crow nest big cottonwood bet empty bruce truth hot tired climb trees bruce felt walked past took look sticking edge nest biggest bunch tail feathers saw heart jumped throat grabbed bruce shirt pointed horned owl
sure think owls dumb bruce muttered miller wasn tent eyes tight shut don think going blind finished miller ready try boys walk told lot noise re leaving books say birds count owl think guess stayed blind okay miller mon let going walked mile slough started looking red winged blackbirds nests nice forgot miller began hungry bluff miller ground finished rest cold tea didn look bit face white hands shaking tried put camera camera looked fallen tree scratched covered dirt pictures sir asked cheerfully didn miller sort snarl tell thing blame fool says owls count liar home miller finally told happened
kids bruce murray bit scared owls shoulders saskatoon safe houses tough kids flour mill distance owls owls bodyguards tigers wol weeps grew fast weeps eat hungry wol fussy food wol eat cooked butcher meat hard boiled eggs fig cookies later eat table vegetables hated occasionally owls eat dead gopher kid shot present didn supper raw middle june months pets reached full size wol bigger weeps stood feet high wingspread nearly feet claws inch sharp needles big hooked beaks looked strong open tin weeps normal owl color sort mottled brown wol stayed pure white black markings feathers night looked ghost grown owls wings
school closed summer eaton department store announced going sponsor pet parade weeks later going prizes interesting pets displays bruce gang hear house tell murray hey bruce told knew animals win dozen prizes murray didn need convincing spent couple days planning decided hitch mutt rex express wagon fix colored cardboard stuff looked circus wagon planned put fur muff mother mutt neck look lion going paint black stripes rex look zebra decided build circus cage wagon fill kinds gophers finally decided owls riding top cage dressed dolls clothes weeks things ready worked built circus cage finished looked real saskatoon bailey brothers circus summer wasn strong sides cardboard painted red blue yellow
owls live mutt didn think jealous pets jealous owls took wol weeks tolerate weeps think weeps helpless mutt defend dogs neighborhood cats course weeps fond mutt knowing depend boy protect weeps let cage start searching mutt spotted weeps give whoop relief scuttling protector side mutt lying weeps snuggle paws close horn feathers tickle mutt nose mutt sneeze blow weeps backward weeps nuisance mutt try hide garage wasn weeps squeeze garage hated let mutt sight minute mutt relations wol story wol wasn afraid walked flew crawled included mutt wol concerned mutt teased pestered wol tease half
worse didn look stumbled gave kind kick lot things wol kicking hissing giant teakettle spread wings wide postman shins whack wings kick mule postman dropped handful letters pelting street yelling blue murder wol heels hold wol calmed apologized postman month wouldn yard stand gate whistle mail owls going nearly school started fall hard keeping home bicycle school miles river week school opened late times owls home partway finally dad suggested lock big pen morning left wol weeps pen put acted jail
summer owls lived camping trip lots water lake father brought canoe tied deck caravan paddled bruce lake looking birds found hundred duck nests found huge nest sandhill crane times canoe wol shore wouldn canoeing think remembered trouble saskatchewan river cave didn trust water hated left things weeps mind join canoe wol nerve decided wasn big canoe boys owls dog climbed pretty crowded pretty low water sit mummies dad paddled open lake began explore reed beds soon muskrat house nest mallard duck built top look nest wondering eggs hatched crow swooping marsh
showed letter father sounds fine billy say drive owls bruce place friday afternoon stay visit sunday night yes course wonderful trip bruce sloughs full water water covered ducks resting north saw prairie chickens dancing side road meadowlarks red tailed hawks shake stick owls rode mutt rumble seat wonderful farm bruce mother big feed ready saturday bruce took indian reservation meet pals boy age named harry wild hawk loaned rode prairie chasing coyotes jack rabbits horseback sunday bruce stayed farm helped finish cage wol weeps sleep night sad business wishing saturday forever wol weeps didn suspect think fun suspicious wol explored big poplar bluffs fox farm walked fox cages hoot hooting foxes daring start
sat morosely fence gazed envy duke wistful dog bitter soul dominated curved angular surfaces known careless face schofield solitude face cryptic twelfth wearing expression carefully trained inscrutable sure misunderstand mere defensive instinct prompted give lay hold impenetrable face boy learned habitually fathomless depth hatred morning literary activities mrs universally respected fellow citizen lady charitable poetic inclinations mother intimate friends mrs written called children pageant table round performed public afternoon women arts guild hall benefit coloured infants betterment society sweetness remained nature schofield dismal trials school week past problematic infinitesimal remnant pungent acid imminence destiny form prominent feature spectacle loathsome sentiments character named programme child sir lancelot rehearsal plotted escape ten days earlier glimmer light
conglomerate delicate rustle large audience heard janitor opened closed door stage fright seized boy orchestra began overture trembling violently tiptoed hall janitor room de sac outlet save despairingly doffed mantle looked sickening assurance stockings obviously margaret mirror home moment encouraged worse boys noticed safety pin opened connecting stockings trunks sat fasten eye fell attention trunks instant preoccupied stockings slowly recognition dawned eyes schofields house stood corner intersection main travelled streets fence low publicity obtained washable portion family apparel mondays painful boys peculiar matters plain matter fact employed mrs schofield left imagination passer calm display scarlet flaunting father winter wear abashed marjorie jones gold starch passed dreadful things line hidden shuddering
exertion paddled yards stroke girls private school marjorie jones pupil marjorie jones amber curls golden voice pageant table round offered hundred proofs considered wholly undesirable ineligible friday afternoon dancing class consistently incited led laughter professor singled admonition matters feet decorum yesterday lack memory daring offer greeting sunday school expect forgot told speak boy proud hanging don speak worst boy town flouted floated window classroom swam gently ceiling escaped toy balloon fell knees desk lifting arms cried love admiration negligently kicked globe high chandelier smiling coldly floated hall front steps school marjorie imploring grant kind look street enormous crowd gathered headed miss spence brass band cheer hundred thousand throats shook ground swam overhead
aim small darky looked annoyed aim hell impatiently conceived insult intended matter demanded advancing fresh white boy coloured youth age appeared doorway cottage let mine nothin answer talk talkin tongue tie obeying impulse universally aroused human breast circumstances quip turned afflicted talk begged eagerly hoe aim prompt response slight ostentation manifest unmistakable tokens vanity appeared small countenance mean asked enchanted say tole coon herman pointed tongue tied boy boys ow ly ol sherman en herman en sherman dead de littles goin live move outen pointed north hand eyes opened wide gesture herman forefinger hand look exclaimed
course sam enticed roderick home allowed yard tutor servant told say horrible creature aunt suppose sam thought thing exclaimed mrs schofield show della says streams going course wouldn happened margaret spend month country aunt sarah didn dream thing thought tactless interrupted mrs williams course allow dreadfully excited wrought think wasn delicate soul delicacy roderick allowed associate common boys meaning sam mrs schofield yes awful thing mrs williams going prosecute newspapers believe story yes imagine mrs schofield course knows families understand perfect absurdity suppose believe matter say
left taste mouth anticipation sense relief turned pokey cart stood close hand laden square slabs ice cream wrapped paper thought ice cream cooling fell short desired effect left peculiar throat walked languid blow balloon passed fresh taffy booth strange indifference bare armed manipulating taffy hook pulling white mass desired stage pause watch operation fact averted eyes slightly glazed passing analyze motives simply conscious preferred look mass taffy reason put considerable distance taffy stand halted presence red faced flourished fork small cooking apparatus shouted jovially winnies hot winnies hot food overworked brain nourishing weak stummick entertaining tired business hot winnies nickel half dime twentieth pot nectar ambrosia favourite dish schofield inside craved contrary
say gentleman schofield uttered stentorian cough chicken chicken urged margaret simultaneously beautiful beautiful began mrs schofield beautiful beautiful beautiful beautiful known light viewed expression face mistook awe received impression extraordinary quality engrossed young engaged double occupation talked supplied consciousness critical favourable auditor course busy oftener expected case extremely peculiar expressions countenances boys entirely overlooked suggest minds staring straight certainly expression perception family perfectly horrible caused faintest perturbation breast waived chicken continued talk yes think claim understand boys smiling thoughtfully boy ah playtime hope young scholar overwork latin classics age compelled wear glasses careful strain eyes scholar tasks let shoulders grow round scholar desk
twelve attainment worth struggle boy twelve frenchman elected academy distinction honour wait younger boys show deference person twelve experience guaranteed judgment mellow influence profound eleven satisfactory approach eleven disadvantage nineteen forty sixty twelve honourable age ambition attain laudable look forward similarly twenty worthy arbitrarily twenty forty solidity seventy commendable increasing honour thirteen embarrassed beginnings child youth twelve top boyhood dressing morning felt changed yesterday thing worth owning midsummer sunshine pouring gold window cool sky breeze moved pleasantly hair leaned sill watch tribe clattering blackbirds wing leader trees yard open country blackbirds sunshine breeze belonged birthday surely
snapped rubbers absently held fast impulse entirely irresistible found shapely stone fitted leather drew ancient catapult shot sparrow hopped branch house aimed sparrow reflection dazzling window struck eyes loosed leather missed sparrow window loud crash horror caught glimpse father stricken mid shaving ducking shower broken glass glittering razor flourishing wildly words crashed glass stentorian words fragmentary colossal stood petrified broken sling hand hear parent booming descent stairs instant furious red hot white lather schofield burst kitchen door hurtled son mean demanded shaking shoulder ten minutes ago lives mother saying proud throw rock window shaving dinner didn quavered shooting sparrow sun eyes sling broke sling devilish thing don forbidden thousand times mine yes sir boy meekly aunt sarah crim gave morning told give
stage coach rumbling dusty road runs maplewood riverboro warm midsummer middle jeremiah cobb favoring horses losing sight fact carried mail hills reins lay loosely hands lolled seat extended foot leg dashboard brimmed hat worn felt pulled eyes revolved tobacco left cheek passenger coach small dark haired person glossy buff calico dress slender stiffly starched slid space space leather cushions braced middle seat feet extended cotton gloved hands side order maintain sort balance wheels sank farther usual rut jolted suddenly stone bounded involuntarily air pushed funny straw hat picked settled firmly small pink sunshade chief responsibility bead purse looked condition roads permit finding apparent satisfaction precious contents disappeared grew cobb guessed harassing details travel business carry destinations necessarily comfortable
called sawyer girls miranda eighteen jane twelve aurelia participated activities village riverboro fell habit thought speech saw reason falling rate century miranda jane fifty sixty story opens riverboro called sawyer girls spinsters aurelia youngest called romantic marriage sisters termed mighty poor speculation worse things bein maids thought matter element romance aurelia marriage existed chiefly fact randall soul farming trading muses taught weekly singing school feature village half dozen neighboring towns played violin called dances evoked rich harmonies church sundays taught uncouth lads age enter society intricacies contra dances steps marked figure social assemblies conspicuously absent town meetings purely masculine gatherings store tavern bridge hair longer hands whiter shoes thinner manner trifle polished soberer mates department failed shine making sufficient money live
carried weary months nursing nursing soldiers tom dear sake home woman left riverboro lay grown counterfeit presentment sister thin spare england spinsters counterfeit underneath faint echo wild heart beat girlhood learned trick beating loving suffering poor faithful heart persisted lived memories carried sentimental operations secret re soft jane miranda soft twa keeping stiffened leak house dooryard past appointed hour cobb coach lumbering street stage miranda glancing nervously tall clock twentieth guess tacked thick towels washstand put mat slop jar children awful hard furniture expect house jane frame mind naturally depressed affected miranda gloomy evil difference sisters matter miranda wondered endure rebecca jane flashes inspiration wondered rebecca endure
yes run barn noise won distract aunt mirandy susan simpson twins emma jane perkins hiding fence rebecca leaped porch snatched alice robinson currant bushes difficult succeeded means complicated system signals getting emma jane simpson party giving slip altogether small pleasurable activities planned afternoon despised fascinating dooryard village bewildering confusion sleighs horse rakes hogsheads backs heads stages disability consecutive days mrs simpson seldom home concern happened premises favorite diversion house fort gallantly held handful american soldiers besieging force british army care apportioning parts disposition let win americans seesaw simpson commander chief british army limp uncertain capable contradictory orders fondness extreme rear leading regiment inglorious death suffering house log hut brave settlers defeated band hostile indians occasionally massacred case simpson house looked quote riverboro expression devil auction
rebecca heart leaped joy confusion felt tears rising eyes seat ignorant lonely singled applause lauded crowned wonderful dazzling moment enthusiasm enthusiasm wit talent wit talent alice robinson proposed school sing cheers red white blue chorus point rebecca flag dick carter suggested living perkins rebecca randall sign names pictures visitors drew asked permission cover largest holes plastered walls boughs fill water pail wild flowers rebecca mood practical details sat silent heart full grateful joy remember words dialogue recess bore modestly notwithstanding triumph general atmosphere randall hatchet buried minnie gathered maple boughs covered ugly stove rebecca direction miss dearborn dismissed morning session quarter twelve lived home change dress emma jane rebecca ran nearly step sheer excitement stopping breathe stiles
lived exercises memory especially dialogue emma jane inspiration bough covered stove mossy bank country girl sit watch flocks gave emma jane feeling ease recited generous lend garnet ring city girl truly flash furled parasol approached awe stricken shepherdess thought aunt miranda pleased niece invited farm succeeded school hope pleasing maplewood stage cobb home cousin ann thoughts aunts allow slip stay night cobbs morning breakfast rebecca stopped think pity put oldest dress hat jacket wrapped nightdress comb toothbrush bundle dropped softly window room window dangerous distance ground stopped moment roof clean gutters left nailed side house half window top porch
snow white remarkable laundry soap manufactured immerse garments tub lightly rubbing soiled portions soap leave submerged water sunset sunrise youngest baby wash slightest effort babe baby corrected rebecca circular thing argued emma jane course thing baby called babe infant circular poetry say infant grumbled emma jane infant worse babe rebecca think circular says let elisha try soap begin selling imagine babe family wash soap answered rebecca true dare print don let bother won greatest fun emma jane houses possibly shan frightened reel invalid babe say sentence remember sound chord mac ro satisfaction conversation took place friday afternoon emma jane house rebecca joy stay sunday aunts portland funeral friend
company brick house bountiful thanksgiving dinner provided clock burnham sisters lived north riverboro shaker village quarter century pass holiday sawyers rebecca sat silent book dinner dishes washed nearly asked simpsons want run simpson children thanksgiving queried miss miranda set listen conversation elders let want forever move simpsons lamp emma jane promised lighted kind party canopy want lamp money pay abner home think miss miranda children prize selling soap replied rebecca working told emma jane helped saturday afternoon portland didn notice pose heard lamp mentioned hour remember dark midnight
girl eyes soft tender heart stretched grew grew sweetness intuition depth feeling looked heart felt beat heard sigh hearts grow episodes enlivened quiet course existence quiet departure dick carter living perkins wareham small attendance winter school younger children place stayed cold weather dull lacking adventure child rebecca temperament nature full adaptability fluidity receptivity friends snatched acquaintances corner ran shed door dish meat fish knew family histories itinerant fruit tin peddlers asked supper pass night children neighboring villages children parents aunts heard nature friendships eye superficial observer kinds girl pursued enthusiasm ardor left unsatisfied heart hungry readily shallow natures loved emma jane friendship born circumstance true affinity
massy sake rebecca called miss miranda stairs think open parlor rebecca landing braiding hair thanksgiving christmas thought occasion moved wax flowers mantelpiece wouldn melt put shells coral green stuffed bird top children wouldn ask play brother coming business shouldn wonder brother sister cobb happened don cellar minute running miranda jane exchanged glances born int exclaimed miranda turn mind quarter past ready neighbors sight brick house prominent object landscape leaves trees curious desperation shades parlors shades south bedrooms fires human vision relied fires room kind offices lady meeting charitably called houses explained reason preparation sleep families
mother alluded plaintively fact habit going declines feared emma jane complexion beautiful healthy proud ambitious daughter glad give advantages feared daily journeys going health perkins hire boy drive emma jane finally girl passion learning emma jane wickedness cross perkins bore days temper digestion appetite sensibly affected bowed head inevitable emma jane flew captive set free loved bower courage flag put terrific tests entered academic groves wareham passed subjects cheerfully preparatory department conditions intending let stream education play gently mental surfaces wetter help blink truth emma jane dull dogged unswerving loyalty gift devoted unselfish loving talents sort possibly sense numbers faculty languages
wear mask pretty soon re going comfort rebecca offer lend class pin graduated left wearing tell principal asked lock hair put watch merrily laughingly times scarcely mind rebecca trying witty jealous generally decided merely feeling natural girl attention wore jewelry scarf pin perfectly gorgeous ring queer kind wound round round finger dear run hour study bell rebecca pricked ears speech remembered strange ring belonged person save miss maxwell appealed imagination aladdin feeling emma jane mixture romantic reverent admiration liveliest gratitude beautiful gifts met christmas remembrance remembrances chosen rarest taste emma jane seen called times brick house rebecca learned
pose boston girls thick uncle jerry jerking head rebecca direction smiled adam taking mood don happen eyesight bein poor reason looked han girl platform pose failure eyes responded adam thing think voice extry sound poor thin thought glad hear opinion bein traveled mother says foolish bout hev fust mother notice mother fur comes land sick thinkin parents miles young graduate compare em bye ladd drop riverboro adam shaking hand cordially morrow drive rebecca home offer think miss sawyer condition doctor don paralyzed walk fur poor soul lost speech comfort adam left church crossing common miss maxwell honors institution passed group group strangers guests
marvelous morning sun climbed held remembrance succession golden days starlit nights air fragrant ripening fruit mad bird tree door nearly bursting throat joy living forgotten summer winter think cold winds bare boughs frozen streams painted moth open window settled tuft brilliant leaves aurelia heard bird looked beauty glowing bush tall splendid daughter standing young spring golden autumn arms suddenly covered eyes cried bear lie chained bed interfering want wasted saving hard study mirandy outlay thought going making mother mother don talk don think exclaimed rebecca sitting impetuously floor bed dropping goldenrod side mother past seventeen person purple calico apron flour nose beginnings remember young tree john transplanted dry summer cold winter didn grow bit show lost
told left making mother says sobbed rebecca wasn jane god place considerable help gave wherewithal despised specially luxuries pleasures let tell rebecca aunt mirandy willed brick house buildings furniture land round house rebecca threw hat put hand heart moments intense excitement moment silence let want talk want thank feel hear feel understand jane kitchen inexorable tasks death power blot existence stalk dwelling dwelling leaving despair desolation table laid dishes washed beds ten minutes later rebecca presence looking white spent chastened glorified sat quiet doorway shaded riverboro overhanging elms wide sense thankfulness peace possessed looked autumn landscape listened rumble wagon bridge heard call river dashed sea
ten stuck literally fight free big fond infantile derivation condensed disharmony remained ten schoolboy incredibly dutch district southwest chicago known holland later high prairie ten dint fists teeth copper toed boots temper earned called real dirk course nickname bobbed subdued bitter skirmish mother originated worst offender lapsed naturally schoolyard tactics sulked glowered refused answer tone called big melted heart natural savage boy ten nickname sprung early idiotic question invariably put babies answered infinite patience infancy selina darting expertly kitchen washtub baking board stove table fields truck farm straightening numbed moment respite close set rows carrots turnips spinach beets wipe sweat beads nose forehead quick duck head crook bent arm
selina thought lucky dutch school high prairie ten miles chicago thirty dollars month board house pool truck farmer august hempel brought julie urging forty august hempel clark street butcher knew farmer stockman miles hundreds scattered cook county illinois dutch school selina simple matter high prairie district school teacher heretofore advantageous position presenting prospective teacher withdrawn school term begun september high prairie school open week november region truck farms boy girl busy fields early autumn selina qualified city grade august hempel arrange selina thought shrewd red faced butcher wonderful forty single handed establish famous hempel packing company fifty power yards hempel branches kansas city omaha denver sixty saw hempel plastered packing sheds factories canning plants honolulu portland
think exclaimed selina stemming torrent bride clothes yellow age cried pool gave bounce lamp knees sat smiling wide eyed schoolgirls pigtails emboldened tap tapping nearer peering shoulders women chest wait pool thrust lamp selina hand raised lid chest dived expertly depths amidst rustling newspapers emerged red faced dutch basque voluminous skirt silk age yellow cap wings stiff embroidery stood grandly side pair wooden shoes stained terra sails fishing boats carved toe heel delicate intricate pattern bridal gown bridal cap bridal shoes selina feeling girl rich attic rainy clasped hands dress pool folding garments hastily looked shocked horrified dress bride dress married brings bad luck selina stroked stiff silken folds skirt slim caressing forefinger married high prairie dutchman let wear
widow rich acres comfortable farmhouse gold neck chain silk gowns soft white hands cooking talents set affections wooed openly notoriously dutch vehemence swept feet known weekly baking cakes pies bread urged choice seeds thriving fields seedlings plants steadfastly refused tricked nagged eating ample meals asked advice form flattery asked soiling humus rotation rich land yielded shrewd management profitably single acre ten jan bras managed farm admirably supervision simple mind beginning deep caressing voice ask advice woman haven strangers care run land radishes lettuce spinach turnips tender stringy full fibre account jan bras slow growing vegetables grow quick bras says fertilizer fault think
bid let cup cakes fell don ten shrugged shoulders ten ten ten hear eleven hear ten fifty ten ten ten gents ten ten ten dollars bargain adam mopped bald head cheeks damp spot chin ten dollars adam knew countryside sum ten dollars merely basket food contained tongues golden apple atalanta wines rare vintage adequate recompense ten dollars represented sweat blood toil hardship hours burning prairie sun mid doggedly carried drenching showers spring nights restless sleep snatched hour sky chicago market place miles weary travel rude corduroy road high prairie chicago hubs mud blinded dust blowing sand sale christie miniature going million met deeper hush dramatic babble hush ate lunch corner adam hall selina opened box took eggs cup cakes fallen apples sandwiches sliced thin
god eyes thoughts hands let eyes thoughts golden hairs wrists let think wrists owner southwest sells strip rods wide south side farm receive acre triumphed transaction began struggle square root square roots agonized washed slate clean sponge leaning close effort comprehend figures marched selina masterly pencil took glibly remainder product tens units square units blinked utterly bewildered selina blithely tens times units square units sum tens units times units flourish add units multiply result final triumph square root breathing fast fire kitchen stove snapped cracked suppose wipe remainder took slowly haltingly house terribly voice remainder product tens units voice note timbre felt swaying queerly house gently rocking
seeing thought selina wine red cashmere fun loving disposition high spirited courage departed forever things persisted matter wine red cashmere clung existence hopelessly fashioned picturesque hung selina closet rosy memory orgy cleaning pass rough hands soft folds magic process mrs vanished pouf place girl selina perched tiptoe soap box adam hall high prairie open mouthed looked threw ten hard earned dollars feet thrifty moments thought cutting wine red cashmere rag rug strips dyeing sedate brown black needed dress fashioning shirts dirk gratifying able record selina able wonders farm house glittered crops thrived richly barn housed sleek cattle truthfully true achieved cost terrific effort indomitable woman sunk apathy house coat paint lead gray cheapest
travelling road seen decrepit wagon vegetable laden driven thin woman sallow bright eyed shapeless black dress battered black felt hat looked fedora hair strained face high cheek bones observant failed notice exquisite nose fine eyes unnaturally large anxious face seat seen farm boy thereabouts brown freckle faced lad comically home suit clothes straw hat broken flopping brim forever jerking set firmly woman fear effects hot afternoon sun close cropped head intervals hat noted boy eyes shining feet dog mongrel tail bore relation head ill assorted legs appeared wholly variance sturdy barrel body dozed duty watch wagon load night slept shabby outfit magnificent selina driving road city sitting black robed farm parlour high prairie
girl put dollar purse takes kinds say thought bum deal say alongside worse place sleep anyways night listen elsie hollering comin shut heard street arm arm laughing dirk going sleep delighted snug hay campers boy lay wriggling laughing gypsies mom dirk school teacher lay boy terribly wide awake liked mabel didn nicest nicest selina put arm drew close suddenly asleep deeply street quieter talking laughter ceased lights dim chris clatter wheels horses hoofs proclaimed late seeking place sound block east west filled morning night cool cold overhead saw wide strip sky brick buildings side street singing
cabbages beautiful pool heard cabbages beautiful betcha selina boy adolescence urged decision future decided farm prospered pressure necessity lifted tried ingenious ways extract unconscious sign definite preference calling profession leanest days bought occasional book cost needed shoes bought money woman luxury adornments personal privation killed love fine soft silken things mellow exquisite workmanship impossible things loved feel wear later afford french hat michigan avenue millinery shops look silk satin trifles blooming windows gay brilliant flowers conservatory buy untrimmed shape field basement habit lifetime strong buy costly silk feather going purchase deliberately coldly drunk experience hat cost twenty dollars worn
say look want talk minute uh cut girl fellows frat mean cut matter matter unclassified story told economy hint girl working bathes union suit white stockings save laundry soap scrubs em god truth dirk mind flashed picture large girl tight knitted union suit white stockings sitting tub half full water scrubbing simultaneously comic picture revolting pathetic admit imagine frat brother saying fellow goes girl cut completely won stand dirk mental picture striking noble attitude saying won stand huh worth put hell vaguely uh dirk changed seat classroom avoided mattie eye shot door minute class say coming campus sensed intended stop speak laughingly
mind selina assured happily thrown hastily remember yesterday chicago indian fort tepees towers mud place asphalt beauty needs perfect waiting youngsters maybe driving michigan boulevard distinguished visitor pool let say pool famous sculptor say designed building strong light gay graceful reticent say earlier efforts son dirk dirk pulled pipe moodily shook head don mother damned slow thing thirty office boy hollis university dirk seen arnolds eugene paula selina avoided meetings parties week ends content guessed matter money held thought realize difference eugene car arnold garage paula chicago girls drive gas car breezed chicago boulevards child short skirts
gosh thought don paula forgotten yes yes ready think re going picture paula asked stepped car don tell stage suppose office sure attractive think going guard paula threw clutch viciously jerked lever speed neck dirty crayon dust dirk necessarily replied paula dirk turned sideways look saw looked brittle hard artificial small physique personality picture finished delivered ten days dirk studio ontario street dallas mind interested working hard times looked seen visit fresh crisp smock faded yellow glorious hair high heeled beige kid slippers smart girl freshly scrubbed dressed clean pinafore dirk thought thought deal dallas mara found talking assumed careless offhand manner liked talk
selina sociably dinner dirk soup soup yeh kind things selina giggled naughty girl things dirk seriously fox hunts lake forest fox hunting tippecanoe crowd kennels dirk learned ride pretty englishman captain stokes initiated north shore mysteries fox hunting north shore learned say ry ry captain stokes tall bow horse faced young remote manner nice girl fated marry paula hunt breakfast successful american balked kidneys food patterned pale flabby viands served english hunt breakfasts ruined atmosphere lukewarm steam women slim perfectly tailored wore hunting clothes trifle uneasily consciously girls low cut party dresses turned stubborn subject pink coats captain stokes wore handsomely fox worried dejected looking animal shipped crate south released sitting sociably illinois corn field leaping cover
beautiful selina replied abruptly mouth smaller eyes mrs storm illustrated turning dallas touching lips eyes lightly slender powerful brown fingers smaller mouth smaller eyes real beauty dallas yes scoffed dallas grand mouth large mouth notion beauty look helen troy simply inside dirk saying re rubber stamp dirk re rubber stamp dinners exclaimed general wish ungracious dinners remain quiet beautiful farm porch steps turned brought heels sharp smack bent waist picked selina rough worn hand kissed smiled uncertainly left hand breast cheeks pink kissed hand tenderly selina laughed soft tremulous laugh hand kissed stood porch steps waved whirled swiftly slight straight figure plain white blouse skirt spattered soil farm
growing pretend astronaut think movie star truck driver doctor daydreams look act famous real hero character favorite tv show daydreams realistic started thinking place influence part big part lifetime job main activity choosing kind important decisions chapter learn important affects learn decision making skills needs develop skills choose career survey high school seniors soon graduating going direction making want answered question typical answers high school seniors able travel live want family parents rich famous
part school social activities lot interests haven involved activities want start getting involved impossible interested try interests develop chances finding career satisfy enjoy working data facts numbers words symbols feel person likes things putting parts sewing clothes repairing machines find career enjoy need interested data things course jobs limited categories jobs involve combinations identify jobs primarily involved accountants secretaries counselors primarily data salespeople deal things house painters mainly things graphic designers computer operators mainly data things research career categories primarily involved look surface patient nurses primarily lot spent working data things mechanic appears deal solely things spend lot keeping records ordering parts figuring charges
workers selling career area sell products services spend single location department store automobile agency travel regularly calling businesses individuals locations workers group known vendors vendors stadiums street fairs restaurants crowds gather entertainment recreation sales technology call businesses sell radio tv advertising sell computers professional supplies dentists doctors engineers general sales call telephone sell products area retail stores selling clothing sporting goods jewelry furniture household appliances sells goods highest bidder auction vendors sell popcorn peanuts sandwiches drinks involved selling able express salespersons enthusiasm meetings buyers persuade decisions buy means helping customers minds customers treated courtesy respect difficult situations salespeople able confidence potential buyers decide buy involved selling understanding product service selling customers won buy salesperson product service offered
businesses receive dozens application letters job advertise newspaper receive hundreds letters interview applicants qualified job letters neat written means careful write letter big advantage letter page written letter application written letter model letters application course change information paragraph information specific job learned vary letter letter paragraphs education experience paragraph need changing type actual letter look sample letter page read suggestions help prepare neatly typed final copy letter ready mailing typing letter clean characters typewriter begin letter typed dirty machine show letters blackened areas set margins half inches part letter consists lines called heading heading include address date writing letter place heading left
forty hours week expect employer pay overtime overtime called half wage percent hour paid figure overtime rate dividing regular rate adding amount regular rate re making hour overtime rate hour federal law requires employers pay workers overtime hour forty hours week exceptions rule employers fewer employees employers businesses amount money pay workers overtime questions receive overtime pay ask employer uncertain call nearest office wage hour division labor department number listed united states labor department white pages phone book paying hour employer pay salary salary fixed amount pay period month salaried workers receive amount paycheck number hours managers supervisors company executives receive yearly salary hourly wages average eighty hours thirty hours week receive amount agreed beginning
supervisors try overworked home night cases cases supervisors simply managing employees efficiently delegating giving jobs responsibilities supervisors workers light schedules capable child arleen wanted things perfect matter exactly school asked help preferred prided ability things past arleen computer programmer company york months ago promoted director data processing arleen supervises workers naturally arleen wants impression owner company wants sure program report perfect arleen knows write programs prepare reports workers delegating writes important programs prepares major reports workers breaks arleen works late night getting supervisors try handle responsibilities poor organizers
camera cameras recent focus subject automatically cameras focused photographer picture blurred mind focuses automatically constant concentration don force concentrate blurred picture read constantly aware mind mind wanders subject reading need re reading try form pictures mind read message describe things places situations actions picture message mind clearer try separate main ideas details mind outline writer organization ideas relationship ideas details complete understanding message message meaningful relate ideas details help remember message longer read words don times determine meaning word sentence paragraph important find word means check meanings words consult dictionary
computers influencing lives ways haven noticed school supermarket telephone bank computers making impact society computers powerful tools improve quality potential control lives ways important understand computer works places notice presence computer school kindergarten high school graduation computers store process information progress school grades test scores attendance computerized detail entered kindergarten computers played big part projecting show school schools student attendance encouraged computer evening computer calls parents students absent computer dials number taped message speaks computer generated voice answers phone line busy computer dials answer absences dropped schools computer encouragement important educational computers teaching machines student sit computer guided learning process computer program questions easier harder depending student progress
computer tape cards media secondary storage common media magnetic disk data stored disk disk later input data reading data computer main memory words disk storage input mainframe computers hard disks disks built disk drive replaceable floppy disks called diskettes smaller systems floppy disks floppy magnetic media form flat disk encased paper plastic called floppy comparison hard disks flexible harder floppy disks store data hard disks designed loaded unloaded disk drive floppy disks sizes inches fancy machinery won instructions supposed act computers need programs programs instructions tell computer task group related tasks program called software software soft comparison equipment hard basic kinds software operating system software application software operating system software consists set instructions components behave system operating system software provided manufacturer machine
believe leadership ability inherited believe small number born gift leadership destined followers greater natural leadership ability born leaders learn leaders leaders end successful lots mistakes leadership roles learn mistakes gradually effective leaders hard intelligence important inherited traits comes making leaders believe authority makes leader organization business government school social organization system authority past especially leaders position authority control orders top leaders paid attention workers approved disapproved orders today authority effective leadership tool concept teamwork levels operation common practice key success approach increased worker participation decision making groups workers leadership responsibility leader guides assists workers passing unchallenged orders longer authority follow leader tries authority things
group close friends group affect buying important member group buys style coat want buy similar coat remember bought friend group peers influence peers called peer pressure don let peer pressure decisions ask buy things want want part group don try group especially money friends big influence buying advertising advertising part lives don realize affects television radio billboards newspapers magazines advertising advertising help wiser consumer find products advertising find buys pay attention advertisements comparing prices advertised local newspaper save money advertising help consumer cost money companies raise prices pay advertising costs means heavily advertised products cost similar products widely advertised don buy product heard
successful managing money accept responsibility need set goals plan help meet goals process called planned spending actual plan manage money called budget practice planned spending budget think school don need budget money expenses benefit making budget gain valuable budgeting experience help later making budget help avoid wasting money plan budget pieces information goals decision making important need estimates expected expenses income step preparing budget list goals include things want buy list underline things important copy items sheet paper put list personal file safe keeping someday enjoy looking list goals future interests goals interesting goals achieve look list
american pioneers farmers families lived farm younger members family took care older relatives unable support america gradually changed agricultural industrial society left farms cities family members friends separated economic problems developed industrial cities help unable save money support retirement depression matters worse lost jobs unable find depression believe government help needy congress passed social security act act outlined national social security plan things provide money help temporarily set funds retired workers unable families workers needing assistance today social security system supporting millions chapter learn system works kind benefits basic idea social security program simple working social security payments government holds money working longer receive benefits benefits payments individuals eligible
advantage living home help family members cooking cleaning laundry hard difficult home help chores living home easier big advantage moving home opportunity complete control set rules decisions plenty rest don big hurry weigh freedom greater costs periods loneliness lack help chores want wait awhile sure job move decide want place decisions live afford pay type place apartment house mobile home comfortable furniture need live prefer roommate live addition decision making financial planning learned deal chapter specific financial concerns discussed column careful planning wise shopping improve chances finding place affordable
common reasons reaching goals cases lack ability resulting aptitude training don extremely stressful consider spend job kind stress add times want don money simply don regardless reason inability reach personal goal frustrating frustration leads stress don successful career selling insurance knack persuading buy insurance successful sales don promoted assistant manager charge hiring training salespeople don found teaching motivating sell insurance difficult selling salesperson recruiter motivator didn natural ability management responsibilities sales job don worried couldn handle added responsibility irritable jumpy days job began frequent fights wife let frustration easiest target finally don began consider giving management position
trigger john son busied searching duffel bag thing wasn knew wasn didn want find avoiding attention conductor punching tickets aisle conductor call sonny pat shoulder try cheer trigger didn need cheering wanted conductor cheering train left philadelphia hours trigger stood strain pretty past hour asleep busy conductor passed seat trigger tired conductors charge days hated charge especially show ticket baggage check trigger baggage baggage minister arranged insisted trigger checked trigger figured boy loses ticket travel baggage promise minister throw check untie shirt put pocket
trigger paid scant attention argument castle garden table discover found places listed stations concluded local sections place disappointed forgot quickly renewed attention dude gang pat departed dollars breakfast question gang agreed marbles dude suggestion trigger supposed gang shed marbles game properly played ground wrong game presently began plank floor shed relying boys interest game trigger slid forward peeked door game watched knew circle enclosing marbles boys shooting distance dude squatted short piece board held edge floor boys shooting marbles board looked queer trigger decided bear closer inspection noticed bottom board cut arches shooting consisted effort send marbles arches
dude organized gang able lick dude stepped line took trigger arm presenting order bud dutchman dutch father side mother irish slow molasses january stay water swimming hole longer lazy matter bud grinned mike mickey short bat want mitt mask mask ketch bare handed broken nose sorta met dutch folks object election plays shortstop forgot say pitcher team throw shoot miss bat castle garden bud holds base moved foot threw ball jim works living show ball game jim plays base dude eats em
dishes scraping fire burning doorstep mean england began talking trouble learn ear shut open heard george smith talk ear sort mind going son play round afraid happened son makes feel pretty uneasy trigger suspicious interrupted hastily fair feelings mean trick englishman agreed mean george smith bit folks telling human george smith didn turned business wrong side trigger course died folks find don meet acquainted trigger suspicious wife yes seen live course business expecting betray secrets feel wasn square george smith let uneasy call
began break branches blaze saplings knife follow track lost forgot trail feet times stones brook bed built mark route pretty hot june sun trees clearing clearing sat looked valley brook bed dished side mountain point pond middle dish blackberry bushes growing water black looked fresh trigger decided brook run underground moved nearer mud turtles sitting slimy log pool sight noticed small birds fussing branches identified lady wren friend standing couldn birds knew trees kind trouble hemlock certainly spruce resembled spruce note trees incidentally keeping sharp lookout slippery elm
tell funny things customers store tickle ribs chuck chin sputter protest tell silly thing grow trigger liked helped meals dishes drop dish break purpose turned fly fury george smith act sorry forgiven happened trigger noticed talking boy died mrs smith looked getting ready cry talk trigger fret worry george smith tell line trigger turn trigger feel guilty mind wouldn turn couldn tell living mrs smith evening found mrs smith supper george smith fussing acting sat straight backed chair threw apron head began cry
dig hole nose fair dig hole mouth fair dig hole nose trigger thought childish glad join party mrs smith looked shoulder saw girl draw peg nice thing girl fun trigger eating dirt wasn thinking dirt stay sets town bad george smith home suit blue buy blue suit mrs smith asked spot easily wear sundays spot suit sunday sunday spot bad weekday spot think re smart size twelve size thirteen trigger twelve robert mean boys sizes don odd sizes odd boys expect fourteen big grow mean boy trying catch clothes bought haven judgment clothes sell groceries
formal exercises congregation broke settled groups parts church grownups women joined trigger knew bible class charge superintendent stiff formal smiled greeting reminded trigger preliminary handshake pair prize fighters seen youngsters boys girls flocked engulfed smiling pretty young woman trigger took miss alice brown primary teacher school trigger thought join class confusion whispered conversation change places trigger conscious center interest mrs smith shook hands trigger noticed received congratulations stony superior air george smith started trigger direction met interruptions getting trigger aware kate kerby trigger belong dragged pew aisle gave shove boys age robert trigger smith feel home trigger meet girls afterward
journey aged horse struggled hill boys walking helping flanks downward slope easier wagon pressing shafts helped town sun circus tent spread raise lifting poles air took weariness gang legs poles trigger ring circus matter dude circus eat re fence enclosed field bordered town field drove gang wagon gesticulating whooping mickey clog till lurch wheels overboard enthusiasm exhibition attracted attention look shouted stretching side big tent fellow workers looked laughed continued looking sonny asked dude driver seat reply trigger slid ground want place set business business business rest rant want set circus
bet don exclaimed mickey unanimous agreeing continued trigger craftily seventy dollars twenty cents left raise lot money say mickey say let elect members amazement silence response trigger gang size big baseball big castle garden retorted dude want bigger don outfielder don count don full substitute bat boy manager look let sink moment continued full engagements fare paid places huh dude disgusted walk put fare money eyes wouldn answered trigger raise eye money buy uniforms couldn engagements uniforms uniforms exclaimed dude began scratch idea uniform itch charge admission game castle garden mitt mask ventured dutch huh objected dude folks want plenty present
minstrel shows didn matter beechwood rule town pretty excited minstrel show charity gave sense duty fun charity things worked suppers raffles fairs charity show pretty sure children sunday school howling tune big boom high screech voices dragged bible class pleasant sense duty coupled fun ladies aid took gathering spoke woodruff spoke wednesday evening prayer meeting bought reserved seats contributed dollar public charity didn want hurt englishman feelings case thought fixing eyes didn sound charity foreign missions gazette printed story front page gang mentioned write thanks kate kerby joe jackson editor proprietor didn want mention
don making salesman trigger held reserve cut loose salesman snorted makes think re salesman think trigger asked sambo re salesman re pretending salesman pretending acting trigger shouting shore trigger don business sambo soothed irate trigger makes sort mad think re insulting trigger lowered tone sambo coaxed feeling insulted re acting salesman re acting indian act mighty dude say dude agreed strongly occupied wondering trigger mad pretending mickey trigger demanded mickey mickey quick bet question salesman actor actor play parts trigger relaxed challenged sambo sambo presently yeah ah question threw head laughed aloud trigger emphatic sambo laughed considered ah act indian specially imitation indian ah act salesman
investigation held high school clock night lamps lighted full house outsiders fun thing home folks wanted witnesses burgess gang conspicuous absence woodruff principal desk school committee platform looked pretty sheepish burgess daddy coleman constable stand order maintained burgess rose ladies gentlemen called school committee town conduct investigation recent unfortunate affair stopped shuffled papers pretending stopped talking arrange things took breath began participants affair principal high school unable locate laugh quieted believe present looked fred pitcher fred pitcher forward fred front stood looking woodruff wished burgess herbie burgess fred admit fight herbie knew proved fred school fight
dude mickey shack found trigger tip looking pretty lonely hello trigger hello dude lo lo mike mickey gave trigger candy trigger shared gave mickey bud dutch hung busy whittled filled barrel shavings handy stove cut pine stick sight shut trigger principal dude enthusiasm kind fun bother mickey sort goes round smiling walks sleep dude bet thinking miss alice brown mickey demanded ready fight wasn bullet headed mummy answered dude ready fight threatened wasn kick fight blew home mickey spent evening listening hearing grandmother told fairy tales dude couldn think wanted lessons george smith shack home supper trigger spent bad trying tired
george smith mouth dropped open couldn believe saw suddenly grabbed resignation tore aw didn mean grinned burgess embarrassed guess didn mean woodruff heavily held hand couldn run general store george smith told george smith embarrassed heck tell tell don shook hands burgess turned safe looked looking george smith turned surprise standing front muffler wound face george smith couldn features unwound muffler george smith gasped england yes re george smith voice look george smith pleased didn look funny grasped englishman hand wrung england looked quickly afraid seen want give surprise party want help want gang gang place find want thank want want
remarkable incident mysterious inexplicable phenomenon doubtless forgotten mention rumours agitated maritime population excited public mind interior continents seafaring excited merchants common sailors captains vessels europe america naval officers countries governments states continents deeply interested matter past vessels met enormous thing object spindle shaped occasionally phosphorescent infinitely larger rapid movements whale facts relating apparition entered logbooks agreed respects shape object creature question rapidity movements surprising power locomotion peculiar endowed cetacean surpassed size hitherto classified science taking consideration mean observations divers times rejecting timid estimate assigned object length hundred feet equally exaggerated opinions set mile width length fairly conclude mysterious surpassed greatly dimensions admitted existed exist undeniable fact tendency disposes human mind favour marvellous understand excitement produced entire supernatural apparition
captain seaman worthy frigate commanded vessel soul question cetacean doubt mind allow existence animal disputed board believed women believe leviathan faith reason monster exist sworn rid seas kind knight rhodes de going meet serpent desolated island captain kill kill captain course officers board shared opinion chief chatting discussing calculating chances meeting watching narrowly vast surface ocean took quarters voluntarily cross trees cursed berth circumstances sun daily course rigging crowded sailors feet burnt extent heat deck render unbearable abraham lincoln breasted suspected waters pacific ship company desired meet unicorn harpoon hoist board dispatch watched sea eager attention
engineer called turned full steam yes sir replied engineer speed abraham lincoln increased masts trembled stepping holes clouds smoke find narrow funnels heaved log asked captain wheel nineteen miles tenths sir clap steam engineer obeyed manometer showed ten degrees cetacean grew warm doubt straining nineteen tenth miles pursuit describe emotion vibrated ned land post harpoon hand times animal let gain catch cried canadian going strike cetacean stole rapidity estimated thirty miles hour maximum speed bullied frigate going round round cry fury broke noon farther advanced clock morning captain decided direct means ah animal goes quicker abraham lincoln escape conical bullets send forecastle sir forecastle gun immediately loaded slewed round shot passed feet cetacean half mile
application electricity dial hanging front speed nautilus electric thread puts communication screw needle real speed look spinning uniform speed fifteen miles hour marvellous captain agent takes place wind water steam finished captain nemo rising follow examine stern nautilus knew anterior part submarine boat exact division starting ship head dining room yards separated library watertight partition library yards large drawing room ten yards separated captain room watertight partition room yards length mine half yards lastly reservoir air half yards extended bows total length thirty yards hundred feet partitions doors shut hermetically means india rubber instruments ensured safety nautilus case leak captain nemo waist arrived centre boat sort opened partitions iron ladder fastened iron hook partition led upper end
plunged study treasures hidden glasses revelled filled rarest marine plants dried retained lovely colours precious remarked delicate scarlet tints fan shaped flat mushrooms classed short perfect series algae passed honoured visit captain nemo panels saloon open wish tire beautiful things course nautilus speed twelve knots depth surface twenty thirty fathoms november desertion solitude ship crew ned conseil spent greater part astonished inexplicable absence captain singular ill altered intentions regard conseil enjoyed perfect liberty delicately abundantly fed host terms treaty complain singularity fate reserved wonderful compensation accuse commenced journal adventures enabled relate scrupulous exactitude minute detail
walked thought light apparatus fail draw inhabitant dark couch approach respectful distance hunters times saw captain nemo stop put gun shoulder moments drop walk hours marvellous excursion end wall superb rocks imposing mass rose heap gigantic blocks enormous steep granite shore forming dark grottos presented practicable slope prop island earth captain nemo stopped suddenly gesture brought halt desirous scale wall obliged stop ended captain nemo domains farther portion globe trample return began captain nemo returned head band directing course hesitation thought road return nautilus road steep painful approached surface sea rapidly return upper strata sudden relief pressure rapidly produced disorder organization brought internal lesions fatal divers
easily knocked native short length thought wait real hostile demonstrations europeans savages proper europeans parry sharply attack low water natives roamed nautilus troublesome heard frequently repeat word gestures understood invited land invitation declined boat push displeasure master land complete provisions adroit canadian employed preparing viands meat brought island savages returned shore eleven clock morning soon coral tops began disappear rising tide saw numbers increased considerably shore neighbouring islands likely papua seen single native canoe thought dragging beautiful limpid waters saw profusion shells marine plants nautilus pass parts float open sea according captain nemo promise called conseil brought light drag oyster fishery
answer evidently satisfied captain knowing say waited questions reserving answers according circumstances consent prescribe asked ill yes ready follow heart beat saw connection illness crew events mystery interested sick captain nemo conducted poop nautilus took cabin situated sailors quarters bed lay forty age resolute expression countenance true type anglo saxon leant ill wounded head swathed bandages covered blood lay pillow undid bandages wounded looked large eyes gave sign pain horrible wound skull shattered deadly weapon left brain exposed injured clots blood formed bruised broken mass colour dregs wine brain breathing slow movements muscles agitated face felt pulse intermittent
january noon nautilus surface sea latitude land sight miles westward thing noticed range mountains thousand feet high shapes capricious taking bearings knew nearing island ceylon pearl hangs lobe indian peninsula captain nemo appeared moment captain glanced map turning island ceylon noted pearl fisheries visit certainly captain thing easy fisheries fishermen annual begun mind give orders gulf arrive night captain immediately soon nautilus returned native element manometer showed thirty feet deep sir captain nemo companions visit bank chance fisherman agreed captain afraid sharks sharks exclaimed question hard continued captain nemo admit captain familiar kind fish
added offer renewed accept friend ned answer reasoning rely captain nemo goodwill common prudence forbids set liberty side prudence bids profit opportunity leave nautilus wisely observation occasion attempt succeed fails find captain nemo forgive true replied canadian observation applies equally attempts flight days question favourable opportunity presents seized agreed ned tell mean favourable opportunity dark night bring nautilus short distance european coast try save swimming yes bank vessel floating bank boat water case case seek master pinnace worked inside bolts drawn surface water pilot bows perceiving flight
sea bad allow replied canadian risk liberty worth paying boat strong miles fair wind carry thing knows tomorrow hundred leagues let circumstances favour ten eleven clock landed spot terra firma alive dead adieu till tonight words canadian withdrew leaving dumb imagined chance reflect discuss matter obstinate companion ned land perfectly opportunity profit retract word responsibility compromising future companions tomorrow captain nemo land moment loud hissing told reservoirs filling nautilus sinking waves atlantic sad passed desire regaining liberty action abandoning wonderful nautilus leaving submarine studies incomplete dreadful hours passed seeing companions safely landed wishing spite reason unforeseen circumstances prevent realization ned land project saloon
february awoke late fatigues previous night prolonged sleep eleven clock dressed quickly hastened find course nautilus taking instruments showed south speed twenty miles hour depth fifty fathoms species fishes differ noticed rays giant size yards endowed muscular strength enabled shoot waves sharks kinds glaucus fifteen feet triangular sharp teeth transparency rendered invisible water brown prism shaped clad hide resembling mediterranean trumpet foot half furnished greyish bladders teeth tongue supple snakes bony fish conseil noticed blackish yards armed upper jaw piercing sword bright coloured creatures known aristotle sea dragon dangerous capture account spikes brown backs marked blue stripes surrounded gold border beautiful swordfish twenty feet swimming troops fierce animals herbivorous carnivorous clock soil generally composed thick mud mixed petrified wood changed degrees stony strewn conglomerate pieces basalt sprinkling lava obsidian
mouth parrot beak exactly conseil offence master replied quietly fish brothers looked conseil ned land hurried window horrible beast cried looked turn repress gesture disgust eyes horrible monster worthy figure legends marvellous immense fish yards swam crossways direction nautilus speed watching enormous staring green eyes arms feet fixed head animals body twisted hair air holes side tentacles monster mouth horned beak parrot opened shut vertically tongue horned substance furnished rows pointed teeth quivering veritable pair shears freak nature bird beak spindle body formed fleshy mass weigh pounds varying colour changing rapidity according irritation animal passed successively livid grey reddish brown irritated doubt presence nautilus formidable suckers jaws hold
describing scene history patriot ship told coldly emotion strange pronounced words avenger significance escape impressed deeply mind eyes leave captain hand stretched sea watching glowing eye glorious wreck going saw move common shut captain nemo companions nautilus hatred monstrous sublime weaken hatred seek vengeance future soon teach nautilus rising slowly surface sea form avenger disappeared degrees sight soon slight rolling told open air moment dull boom heard looked captain move captain answer left mounted platform conseil canadian sound asked gunshot replied ned land looked direction vessel seen nearing nautilus putting steam
ends voyage seas passed night boat escaped eddies ned land conseil gulf tell returned consciousness lying fisherman hut isles companions safe sound holding hands embraced heartily moment think returning france means communication north norway south rare obliged wait steamboat running monthly cape north worthy kindly received revise record adventures fact omitted detail exaggerated faithful narrative incredible expedition element inaccessible progress open road believed matters affirm speak seas ten months crossed twenty thousand leagues submarine tour revealed wonders nautilus resist pressure captain nemo live follow ocean frightful stop
small boy beginning century remember wore knee breeches worsted stockings hobble street village help stick getting eighty earlier date suppose remember born white locks hung ears shoulders bent knees feeble hale respected wife master told brought money tall square shouldered person heard father call gothic woman insisted married young say nay woman wooed pair lived unhappily temper easy soon learned bow wife stormy moods carpenter trade parish clerk remember risen longer compelled hands earlier days taught draw say drew surprising draw
remembered beginning nineteenth century relations parents children satisfactory violent type father fielding richardson sheridan likely find place literature original advertisement messrs pious country parishioner type persistent drawn nature closely parents miss austen novels savage wild beasts predecessors evidently looks suspicion uneasy feeling le pere de capable de tout makes sufficiently apparent greater part writings elizabethan relations parents children kindly fathers sons part friends shakespeare evil reached full till course puritanism minds jewish ideals endeavour reproduce everyday precedents abraham son offer easy quote follow age reasonable women doubted syllable testament verbatim mouth god puritanism restricted natural pleasures substituted forgot poor abuses times want countenance
theobald knew women women thrown contact sisters correcting school friends father ask elmhurst young ladies shy theobald supposed clever smart things say smart things want say talked music hated music pictures hated pictures books classics hated books wanted dance dance want mrs parties seen young ladies introduced tried agreeable left impression successful young ladies mrs set means attractive found university theobald excused losing heart greater number minute thrown prettier agreeable girls immediately cut bashful sneaked feeling fair sex concerned impotent pool bethesda
high standard involves possession rare virtues rare virtues rare plants animals things able hold virtue serviceable gold alloyed commoner durable metal divide vice virtue things virtue alloy vice vice carries dash virtue virtue vice death mind matter things exist qualified opposite absolute death corpse respects living thou lord wilt extreme mark amiss shows highest ideal conceive admit compromise vice countenance poor abuses outrageous vice pays homage virtue notorious call hypocrisy word found homage virtue unfrequently pays rate wise paying vice grant find happiness feel higher moral standard content virtue reward grumble find lofty expensive luxury rewards belong kingdom
birth daughter christina child strong married survive confinement wrote letter endorsed sons ernest sixteen reached mother death later baby died christina found papers repeatedly carefully arranged seal broken afraid shows christina read thought creditable destroyed occasion called follows dear boys put hands try bring mind mother lost childhood fear forgotten ernest remember past times taught prayers hymns sums told stories happy sunday evenings passed mind joey recollect things dear dear boys sake mother loved dearly sake happiness attend try remember read words speak
thoughts turned egypt tenth plague egyptians ernest plague blessing disguise israelites england greatly tempted let mrs theobald thoughts ran current lord grandson pity blood blood female line male truth known wonder think mrs skinner dead find delightful young ask ernest home holidays knows meet lord rate lord descendants boy sitting moodily fire mrs jay room papa mamma saying cleverer alas clever mrs continued young visit charming theobald children manage nice young stay ernest stay meet future lord think ernest age ernest friends ernest ask fall love charlotte
took ernest minutes arrive facts case understood leaned pump stood kitchen window mingled tears cook blood began boil father mother actually precipitate tried matter quiet easy mended things materially bitter fact remains girl things peril matter young pretty temptation succumbed help found ernest gathered cook favourite ellen turned adrift matter pounds pocket knew knew hang drown boy implicitly believed greater shown reckoned money found shillings threepence command knife sell shilling silver watch aunt shortly died
considers conduct crisis think shame indignation says run home caught brought examined days later days earlier boy barely sixteen stand moral pressure father mother oppressed cope physically powerful full grown true allow killed yield morbidly heroic close round cowardice suicide universally condemned cowardly re assembling school apparent wrong dr skinner called boys pomp excommunicated mrs cross mrs jones declaring shops bounds street swan bottle stood forbidden vices drinking smoking clearly aimed prayers dr skinner spoke impressive words abominable sin bad language ernest feelings imagined hour daily punishments read offended ernest declared incurred punishment school provided evil doers
ernest returned cambridge term plea reading ordination face face nearer liked religiously inclined doubted truth told christianity seen doubted read raised suspicion mind historical character miracles recorded testaments remembered term peace church england singularly unbroken vestiges creation appeared essays reviews marked commencement storm raged single book published england caused commotion bosom church buckle history civilisation mill liberty alarming reached reading public ernest friends ignorant existence evangelical movement exception revert presently matter ancient history subsided tenth wonder noisy vestiges forgotten ernest cambridge catholic aggression scare lost terrors unknown general provincial public gorham hampden controversies defunct dissent spreading crimean war engrossing subject indian mutiny franco austrian war
smallest giving occasional half crowns mrs regenerating universe ernest wanted short joint feeling cursed spite born set thought kind person wanted job eager set exactly begin beginning chesterfield mrs promise developments poor brookes suffered terribly want money wanted die couldn want sleep minded death frightened frighten believes secret thoughts shortly exposed public read ernest description father visit mrs thompson coloured say brookes ernest felt visits comforting brookes fear death help couple personally couple hundred parish houses visited strong objection principle house
warn ernest promiscuous house house mrs street door result holt put bodily fear mrs baxter nearly methodist shaw undermined faith resurrection miss snow charms ruined accident moral character miss maitland ruin damaged gravely irretrievably consequence lodger harm bellows visited young clergymen greater fools respects scrapes developed aptitude mischief ordained preach making horrid pas preached sunday morning bishop rector church sermon turn question kind cake widow intended making found gathering sticks demonstrated seed cake sermon amusing saw smile pass sea faces underneath bishop angry gave hero severe reprimand vestry service excuse preaching thought point till actually pulpit carried
ernest convalescent able sit greater part months prison strong leave infirmary fear talking hughes future expressed intention australia zealand money recover spoke noticed hughes looked grave silent thought chaplain wanted return profession disapproved evident anxiety turn asked hughes point blank disapproved idea hughes endeavoured evade ernest put chaplain manner suggested knew ernest say alarmed begged suspense hesitation hughes thinking strong stand broke news gently ernest money disappeared return called solicitor told written requiring refund monies replied orders broker close operations unfortunately resulted heavy loss balance paid solicitor settling week distant
ernest theobald excitedly matter rest open board true theobald ring instantly brought train ideas ernest mind connected father surroundings familiar surrounded changed power recognition turned sharply theobald moment repeat words consider strike readers disrespectful effectual theobald turned ashen colour spoke son repeat occasion ernest quickly recovered temper asked mother theobald glad opening replied tone assumed desired conciliate getting rapidly worse spite able concluded saying comfort mainstay thirty wish prolonged pair upstairs christina room ernest born father prepared son approach
georgie alice ernest children evidently family called mrs uncle aunt young brought house looked light babies born family knew mrs paid week look ernest asked wanted idea georgie rest wanted bargemen young ducks evident hankering water want alice ernest going marry jack wife jack eldest boy nearly twelve sturdy fellow image age looked straight grown round ernest mind mine jack boy ernest shilling boy blushed spite previous pennies shillings father caught ear lugged boy jack ernest sure
asked reviewer dinner told madness find thing say makes angry matter says read books matter money want books stuff greatly care opinion sane form write stupid books junior class poll complain mediocrities absolutely mediocrity let thankful books stand sooner begin spoke publisher homo tell publisher lost faith ernest literary position looked failure hopeless fact coup solitary position continued publisher formed alliances enemies religious literary scientific brotherhood
travelled delicious scenery north devon needs white town slopes upwards broad tide river paved yellow sands pleasant upland west pleasantly town stands beneath soft italian sky fanned night fresh ocean breeze forbids alike keen winter frosts fierce thunder heats midland pleasantly stood hundred cousin conqueror returning conquest south wales drew round trusty saxon serfs free norse rovers golden curls dark silurian britons shore mingled blood seaward folk county strength intellect levelling days peculiar beauty face form whereof write merely pleasant country town quay haunted coasting craft chief ports england furnished ships fight armada century vessels northern trade port england saving london sea labour dartmouth plymouth petty place western town england owes foundation naval commercial glory
yes cried woman brought home guns brought home boy saw boy mother sir richard seen saw dream plain lying rock calling drop water cool tongue dives torment dear dame wept bitterly rose noble mrs leigh sir richard minutes gold coins hand dame look wonderingly gold moment ah dear god blessing cary mighty gold won buy young gentleman young gentleman promise want god blessing bring boy find sailing seas bring widow blessing promised group hurried lad heart heavy midst joy thought john walked churchyard short street led ancient school ancient town house bound courtesy turn attention show prepared honour worth seeing hearing
hugh soldier brother arthur pleasant younger son innumerable family leigh ah poor girl fancy vanished girls fancies entered due subjection help thinking deal voyage reports strength beauty valour reached corner love help hoping put pretty thought mildest shape altogether forgotten hungering fancy give peace till told wonderful things seen memorable voyage altogether wonder night dream figure forward troublesome frank rest figure forward troublesome night sleep forward troublesome waking eustace rejected strange dreamt night dreamt fighting frank
true win house full eighty shot heels overtake stopping fixed let fly killing plymouth rest escaped house catching lady fled knowing spaniards finding house treasure pursued farther wandered misery lady weeping continually calling piteously maid likewise till ado found track comrades nightfall hap met crew coming negroes bows arrows sight joy embracing strange thing sirs lady altogether desperate lioness soon love prayed earnestly care gold forward north sea vowing hearing cared poverty cared rest pointed round green forest spanish suppose knew understood round paradise
john forgive gentlemen gentlemen ask pardon shown chivalry denial true love friends let fierceness affection excuse sin excuse listening conversation deserved bear part ah jack brotherhood dare suffer laugh fancy sword baker dozen arms oxford scholars handle pen let try metal st leger sword jack draw coffin nonsense coffin looking disgusted notion fighting jack rank jack caught weapon offered give buckler chair bottom cried cary jack seizing left flourished sword fiercely called loudly coffin present found wished blood spilt turn matter laugh jack hear nay let brotherhood fight flat
turn leigh think talked st leger making lieutenant giving custody pleasant hermitage castle midst big bog run swift smooth hunting wild irish drinking drunk turf fire quoth took possession black robber tower passed rest winter fighting hunting chatting reading evening senor don guzman soldier fortune home general favourite soldiers spanish pride english soon began trust don guzman told bit bit ancient house poor laughed small chance ransom raised certainty couple seeing de soto penny spare fat dean st de leon place don guzman born course led talk west indies don interested find drake famous crew find captive grandson terrible hunters don de soto conqueror florida read las
enoch parable parables love sir enoch god took adrian clasped hands forehead leaned table sir god give strength hear gradually opened adrian tragic story unruliness ruffians caught haphazard conspiracies carry ships plunder fishing vessels desertions multiplying daily general lazy fearful return home till adrian broke groan conspired deserted buzzards found leader illustrious brother sir pardon philosopher general general sir braver god earth general sir cortes brave mexico mexico truth sir cortes captain drake knew hang brother suppose gilbert angry baseness neglect kindly punish form wisest digested plans stoop hail fellow met drudgery subordinates talisman captains
room sir whispered nodded silently half drew modest entering sir whispered sort sneer frail flesh blood sighed sweep morning tidy pulled open drawer gowns hoods em heart place sir opened cupboard lay rows rose dolls worn playthings childhood place room whispering minds maybe child sir written scripture amen felt wonder big tear stealing cheek whispered thing look pulling key unlocked chest lifted tray tray necklaces jewels furs lawns cloth gold look thousand pound won buy chest twenty getting things cream voyage east indian voyage west indian voyage lady bath match pearls grand house em paid em
plymouth returned drew score strikes look proudly ushered ship tavern showed metal wanted north devon round pelican joined week reserve force depend utter need utter need knew brought letter sir francis drake full regrets seen dear lad plymouth dartmoor surveying cross staff chain knees bog weeks project bring fair water hill tops plymouth town cutting heads west dart purging plymouth harbour silt mines choked late giving pure drink townsmen fleets queen majesty poor return god unspeakable erect monument brass marble merely honourable countrymen
fired shame fire sinking ship gunner sir shouted voice main deck madman tell fires put irons brother cut grapples aloft don drags cut sink cut rose released strain shook feathers wave crest freed sea gull held breaths suddenly glorious creature righted rose noble shame struggle doom bows deep water deck dry righted moment let crew pouring wildly deck cries prayers rush aft poop flag spain stood tall captain left hand standard staff sword pointed heard cry die valiant mariners ran bulwarks shouted mercy surrender english broke cheer called run alongside silence shouted surrender mutineers senor cried captain springing rigging taking hat love god strike surrender buena spaniard lifted hat bowed courteously answered impossible senor
chapter sad short needful written readers judge fairly sort enemies english nation face stern days weeks passed scene shifted low range cells dark corridor city door open stand figures eustace leigh familiar holy office holds hand lamp light falls bed straw sleeping figure high white brow pale delicate features frank saved half dead fury savage negroes reserved delicate cruelty civilised christian underwent question afternoon eustace betrayer persuade entrap eustace knows give save cousin ceased care duty duty wake sleeper argue coax threaten heart tender torture eustace employers phrase
paddled simple cacique entreated tell sun daily prayers wild treated descendant besought sun forget poor ripen manioc fruit wish stay longer absolutely bring sick orinoco knew journey months attended danger cary volunteered undertake adventure half dozen join indians send young help working canoe item easy obtain tribe stood fear fierce brutal country pass indian tribe knew looks tribe language natural enemies hateful destroyed met pride shyness maiden aloof conquered mere woman curiosity mere longing amusement place unspeakably stupid forest gave english understand important personages companion
false bad burst violent tears hid face mrs leigh lap tease poor fatherless thing jesting sure repentant schoolboy don cry don cry child began fumbling pockets bought chapman town maid pulled smart kerchief sailor fancy look blue crimson green parrot held looked round sharply snatched hand tore shreds hate hate sprang darted room boy boy mrs leigh kill poor child matters heart mine chords left soon broken altogether young heart god precious treasures suffers pang breaking woe despise christ break heart mother mind heart dear son break surely tormenting love loves tut play mother maids tempers break heart going west indies sake
yes armada vanquished lulled awhile everlasting war heaven battle iran children light darkness michael angels satan fiends battle slowly seldom course centuries culminates ripens judgment palpable incarnate longer mere spiritual fight flesh blood simple choose sides mistake help god merely prayer pen sharp shot cold steel judgment divided light darkness sheep goats tried fire behold devil maker proved lie sham windy boast bladder collapses merest pin prick byzantine empires spanish triple crowned russian end brave blow big bullying phantom vanishes sulphur stench children israel egyptians dead seashore scarce save god sing song moses lamb europe mankind lay seed future virtue greatness destinies discovered triumphs coming age science arose shout holy joy heard weary bloody century shout prophetic birth north america australia zealand pacific islands free commerce free earth
pain disappointment sense blindness brought home ludicrous commonplace reason humiliating sudden revulsion overstrained nerves produced slight shock child stamped floor checking burst violent flood tears quick rustle passed apple replaced hand voice sobbed weep weep bear want let fetch carry tend feed lead slave dog say slave falling knees feet seized hands covered kisses yes cried slave help escape sea turn wretched safe safe clutched hands triumphantly ah wretch rejoice taunt blindness forgive poor wild girl wild indian savage burst tears spasm shook body soul leigh sat silent minute solemnly
winds packed hard ice door creek bank path buried slanting drift inch inch pounding digging scraping lifting safely walk scratch waste trackless snow triumph blizzard severity early october predict unusually hard winter storm strike care fuel dug snow covered stacks barn tying rope big bundles hay dragged path dugout threw water washed hands noticed drops tinkled ice crust frozen air startled looked mirror nose ears white rub snow till painfully thawed weeks weather mild snow melting days door stood open air spring dugout town fifty miles early november winter settled blizzard blizzard northwest clear hours soon winds ceased howling snow thinned shovel
summer group boys greenwood town fifty miles river week visit rich relatives extremely obnoxious visitors greenwood larger town lorded calling country acting paris london constantinople lost underwater island atlantis met snobs lifetime date boys greenwood mississippi rank biggest afternoon spit mc gee bubba barrier billy rhodes playing marbles front high school minding business visitors greenwood walked decided show superior yankees greenwood spit wonder re gonna tell proceeded tell wide main street town big houses river lot cleaner blue bottom mud re gettin dirt minutes bubba spit billy rhodes concentrated marbles finally greenwood boys big fellow outrun hick town
herd started morning sancho tail end stopping looking took constant attention drag drivers moving night arrived hand outfit knew sancho sight gentlest steer lot dark pitched loop horns staked bush saved bothering persistent efforts walk daily herd halted graze spreading fan steers eating northward sancho invariably pointed south lazy grabbed mouthful grass herd moving finally brush llano ten days trailing dodged freedom point herd saw big paint steer walking south rode read road brand left side rounded set traveling north sancho chief drag animal herd north colorado run night morning sancho missing steers held sancho run picked herd coming took accustomed place drag continued require special driving
fear miyax wolves dispelled affection friendly animals devoted amaroq needed accepted accepted knew achieve bite chin going studied pups hoping simpler expressing love black puppy approached leader sat lay wagged tail vigorously gazed amaroq pure adoration royal eyes softened miyax thought called amaroq lying gazing don look puppies wagging praises amaroq yipped hit high note crooned voice rose fell adults sang puppies yipped bounced song ended abruptly amaroq arose trotted swiftly slope nails ran silver jello jello run silver turned looked straight eye pressed ears forward aggressively lifted tail jello puppies sped dark birds miyax hunched forward elbows learn knew puppy pay tribute leader leader biting top nose
morning hid sandwiches inside coat barn picked eggs nests loft dug apple straw question boy needed munch midmorning eb feeling morning quilts jethro nancy house night comfortable washed creek looked refreshed brung feast jeth gratefully sat talked low voices jeth caint hey takin risk army wouldn eb re askin chance live told jeth deserter caint hunted rest days rest days goin jethro plowed morning mind send letter frightening thing frightening knew eb planning leave eb lost frightened boy jethro send letter plowshares needed sharpening jethro told father noon
known boy king tutankhamen son law queen began reign ten married girl twelve died age nineteen unknown goblet bearing unearthed thebes valley kings later british archaeologist named howard carter heard goblet took personal quest discovery tomb mysterious king egypt past carter spent valley kings searching tomb crisscrossed valley trenches feet entrance november found holding lantern stepped tomb darkness saw strange animals statues gold glint gold discovery tutankhamen tomb important archaeological finds opened tomb carter worked crew assistants catalogue thousand objects buried boy king objects ivory game board gilt chest jewels sacred objects scarabs amulets chest linens dismantled gilded chariots folding camp bed wood bust tutankhamen adorned necklace earrings throne sheathed gold inlaid colored glass jewels semiprecious stones gold iron daggers alabaster vases held oil groom king foot gilded wooden statue lioness black varnished wood statue tut adorned gold collar gold armchair trimmed ebony ivory royal scepters toy box paint set tut childhood
villagers stood bank stood mother front ranks pain parting especially lose courage feared returned later person left muddy tan water lapped sides dugout older warrior sat front stern strokes midstream busy paddle saw tear blur gallant efforts wave dugout swept easily bend sight trip easy mud flats studded crocodiles quicksand vast playground huge river horses hippopotamuses eat love frolic creature elephant size playful human dangerous love submerge surface zest small child comes canoe brushes side shell frail craft goes crocodiles grin wait watch small evil eyes hippo saw crossed directly front water diving breaking surface
opened inquiries birmingham american agent advertisement local paper hustle put thing written told office morrow afternoon clock want asked host say holmes don think wiser wandering american wonderful tale believe tell solid references bound notice say wished busy morrow follow trouble journey figured connections leave twelve soon night explain matter affidavit existence thunder added hotly considering centre america surely hundred miles order put matter holmes think gentleman says true nathan shrugged shoulders disconsolate air insist
kizzy sixteen grandma palmer murray family ladies sold master named tom lea owned small plantation north carolina plantation kizzy gave birth boy george george mother began tell african father sounds stories george earned reputation game cock trainer nickname chicken george chicken george eighteen met slave girl named bore children child birth chicken george gather family slave cabin telling afresh african grandfather kin tay children grew took mates children fourth son tom blacksmith sold rest family massa murray owned tobacco plantation alamance county north carolina tom met half indian slave girl named irene eventually bore children birth tom continued tradition father chicken george begun telling family african grandfather descending set children youngest girl named cynthia maternal grandma father tom grandfather chicken george led wagon train freed slaves westward henning tennessee cynthia met age twenty married palmer
ignoring danger wore appearance effect rivers sea glistening rays sun immense district spotted cities towns villages houses pouring inhabitants hail appearance coasted english countryside descending permit cat escape quarter hours drawn earth rope held lady course professional aeronaut ascents scotland france italy spain portugal bad weather dunked sea occasion died bed known early aeronaut frenchman jean pierre fly english channel ruthless egotist mean spirited jealous prima donna air professional abilities attracted willing sponsor dr john middle aged boston physician resident london accepted funding project schemed increase fame making crossing solo doctor attempted stratagems deceive partner wearing concealed leaded belts balloon lift trials found dr accepted faults associate genial scorn foibles hero days wait favorable winds pair dover january
ice cream fully appreciated vacuum seen light glorious forms presented scant attention paid edible institutions past unfair grew knowing wanted eli whitney cotton gin relevant eskimo pie sundae rectify educational injustice stories lip smacking institutions assembled sadly defy historical sleuthing appeared turn century case ice cream sandwich banana split float lack data songs inventors fortunately case ice cream soda sundae cone true worthy ice cream discovery claim construction ice cream soda unlike cases evidence clearly leads host philadelphian dealt dispensers carbonated water generally acknowledged creator ice cream soda robert green october celebration franklin institute philadelphia selling soda fountain drinks foot square dispenser beginning exhibition serving popular drink mixture sweet cream syrup carbonated water
phone call brought confusion excitement joey glossy photo blow front living end publicity wasn important quick hand painted poster releases city newspaper announcing substitution joey special costume wear white ruffled front shirts ruffled sleeves tight fitting pair black trousers shirt pick mod boutiques village black boots yes joey tie red streamers guitar bit color add stark quality black white birdie showing living end hours show run clock bring family guests straight joey soon click hours passed heavily saturday afternoon initial excitement worn lily papa tried talk joey need talk school talk half classmates showing living end saturday night pleased flattered response friends kids classes teachers basketball team wanting show en masse
found spending sitting sagging crate listening birds cooing took care birds daily watering feeding hundred pound sack mixed grains corner wondered vaguely feed ran didn give worry thought vague trouble dusk mother called piercing silent gloom evening ellie ellie mother spoke thing normal voice word uttered whining complaint statement weather truly complain food rounds plate difficult scrape things meal separate ordeal trips ellie trudging store single loaf bread cents worth potatoes able count mother cheerful ellie thought dully thing tightening grip forced hold hope seeded boys mother hope ellie thought older brothers brady tried working times trouble quit spent hanging pool halls town sidewalk
woods filled shadows june evening clock bright sunset glimmered faintly trunks trees girl driving home cow plodding provoking creature valued companion going light striking deep woods feet familiar path matter eyes night summer cow found waiting pasture bars contrary greatest pleasure hide huckleberry bushes wore loud bell discovery stood perfectly ring sylvia hunt found call answering moo patience spent creature milk plenty case owners sylvia pleasant weather liked look cow pranks intelligent attempt play hide seek girl young companions lent amusement zest chase wary animal unusual signal whereabouts sylvia laughed mistress moolly swamp urged affectionately homeward twig birch leaves
mount white oak tree grew alongside lost dark branches green leaves heavy wet dew bird fluttered nest red squirrel ran fro scolded sylvia felt easily climbed knew higher oak upper branches chafed pine trunk lower boughs set close dangerous pass tree sylvia enterprise begin crept swaying oak limb took daring step pine tree harder thought reach hold fast sharp dry twigs caught held scratched angry talons pitch thin fingers clumsy stiff round round tree stem higher higher sparrows robins woods beginning wake twitter dawn lighter aloft pine tree girl knew hurry project thorny bough past sylvia stood trembling tired wholly triumphant high treetop yes sea dawning sun making golden dazzle glorious east flew hawks
finished game started glad let sit didn bother sat watched looked smiled bit end game thank low voice shuffled bowled game left james changed regular shoes started realized jacket wasn jacket bill jacket pocket took james shouldn let sit maybe catch let pay lend money ran desk paid dashed sidewalk james catch yell charged sidewalk dodging alley looked leaning building drinking bottle brown paper bag james yelled ran alley didn look reached eyes suddenly wide clutched paper bag chest huddled building didn jacket thrown money
pawnee indian village circle fires blazed dark night center young woman tied wooden stake dry wood piled high dancers circled leaping flames chanting singing feet faster faster drums sounded throbbing beat draws father chief father chief knife shadows edge fires looked woman bound hand foot head hanging low exhausted ordeal terror days dancing chanting filled air prayers mother corn raised village abundant crop tonight final ritual sacrifice woman chief gods morning star young die chief knife turned son heart falls ground sad spill blood woman bring full crop rains corn seeds planted deep mother earth drunk fill sun warmth soon seeds spring sleeping grow tall sky crops full hunger winter lift voice wrong father chief knife face full sorrow ways hard change eyes lead wrong sighed deeply turned walking slowly
julie waited strange looking black car drove slowly street driving stopped front julie house girl waved julie seat hello girl called julie yes called julie running car glad re finally trip longer imagine seen car julie didn answer julie question ride asked leaning open door guess julie opened door sat pulled door closed look shiny blue black hair looked blue black ears pointy eyes looked deep dark holes head looked frightened julie seen familiar happy told happy julie wouldn want change places gave strange look bad going change places going change places turn live nice place parents
big school dance friday night flat broke sadly wish knew cash girl told red dress means wants flowers ralph harry laughed harry tony means wants white orchid cheap steal bucks wallet ralph laughing suddenly ralph stopped laughing clapped hand black hair remembered girl talking yellow dress bills turn laugh going money orchid asked ralph frowned ralph looked harry don ask loan boat folks won give dime ralph harry tried hard think ways easy bucks suddenly ralph funny look face thought lady street greenhouse sort weird bet soft touch con orchids fantastic harry let give try ralph meet front house tomorrow ten gave address harry overslept waited late getting lady house ralph wasn
middle week lucy friends grew didn care friends saw night sang sleep found getting sleepy watching soft brown eyes close happened friday night luke due sunday lucy acting strange laid barn didn follow fishing walking gate trying open nose evening sang wouldn close eyes mooing sadly staring space singing dropped sleep strange noise woke sounded lucy cowbell coming looked barn door open lucy grabbed flashlight sound bell lucy lucy yelled dumb cow ran barely hear cowbell run town finally spotted standing front hospital mooing mournfully figure white nightgown approached lucy strange figure singing lullaby thought looked luke ran hospital tell nurse nurse nurse yelled patient named luke judson
headed rocky car eddie handed key asked put pocket rocky car eddie took steel chain lock end ran chain body times lot chain left asked rocky car wanted run nuts rocky sure friendly hey punk car eddie till autograph eddie give autograph mouth rocky took step eddie car eddie chained friend key sign autograph friend unlock lock sign rocky didn sign book anyway wrap loose end chain eddie neck pulled wasn hurting eddie sure threatening eddie eyes popping head eddie scared unlock door punk rocky shouted couldn anymore thing nuts eddie nuts rocky nuts stop
lorraine gasped wave pain swept body rolled side holding breath worst passed thought pushing button call nurse decided wait getting late anyway soon nurse bring pills help sleep memories york soon afterward robert married took apartment city lorraine settled write plays stories writing lorraine wanted show black wanted tell truth lived problems fears hopes courage felt white writers able worked hard found success times bad times felt writing voice truth heard lorraine eyes opened nurse room feeling honey nurse asked plump older black woman face warm soft hi lucille lorraine smiled weakly tonight nurse side bed lay hand lorraine shoulder pain pretty bad lorraine nodded nurse shook head sadly handing lorraine pills help sleep
seen bill looking bill eyes road janey cried alarm raining hard windshield wait party tell bill sighed concentrated driving janey turned window watching bill moment wind increased trees road bowed leaves small branches skittered path rain hurled windshield car bill slowed turned country lane sure road janey asked dark don tell yeah sure bill guys party janey asked didn sound bill wasn party type square interest flying saucers spaceships sort thing bill knew smarter guessed wondered tell dream bill janey yeah dream real began eagerly living mean anyway funny looking flying saucer follow
lost brother qua tongue tangled strange sounds english hurry rush police station added confusion loud voices machine gun rattle typewriters shrieking telephones wave sound qua feel weak felt floor move beneath feet sand slipping tide hey asked policeman desk sit say brother runaway happened fight parents took piece paper desk drawer run lost qua eyes filling tears misunderstanding talk quick shyness smothered words evacuation qua whirled hands trying find words saigon angry beehive crazy tongue finally began moving smoothly listening carefully policeman looking confused qua hurried separated crush parents papers stamps papers stamped months qua voice broke took line policeman held hand shook head qua swallowed spoke quickly understand
jody felt intense heat slashed face rising wind waited afternoon return father searched distant hills sign hear hollow sound rattlesnake coming hills search water jody promised mother return sundown nudged pony home morning jody father grandfather help drought wiped cattle dry request help family torn civil war mission peace search kindness understanding grandfather forgive son fought union son low golden cloud hung endless panorama scorched earth bleached ranch house water tank stood windmill painted sky mother brother ben waiting gate ben practically pa didn jody searched mother worn face tried smile fingered apron nervously sign staying night boys care pony bite eat meal chili beans pan bread nearly heard whinny jody knew pa horse
anyway funny duck big piano cotton hair cheeks balloons stomach pillow thing voice yell cannon let loose shake windows town houses wasn yell instrument war night tied goat front porch stole goat pasture happened town baseball field tied railing porch rang doorbell ran madmen stranger town thought important thing charged door shotgun routine raised gun fired shrugged goat jumped wasn shotgun waiting yell peeled lips rollers opened cavern mouth let loose bawl waked dead shot past washington shell washington miles po lice bellowed police didn goat left yell shotgun able poor animal snapped rope cleared railing feet saw
found johnny blocks hotel bar nearly deserted sitting table dark corner staring empty glass sat late johnny let hotel eyes shifted glass wondered seen let coffee suggested placing hand arm lost charlie shaking loose lifted glass drained drops buy drink gently let laughed harshly look giving orders bossy newspaperman things crazy nightmares drink rose unsteadily bar full glass thought told lay stuff quietly re full orders tonight leave brooding fate mean face pale brother knew raised glass stopped set wait minute maybe tell worry maybe put newspaper write willing listen anyway
scene tom thumb wife white house cracks don didn mean joke don history tom thumb wife white house freaks white house okay abe treated respect folks abe true hero book bet seen mother blowing bubbles yesterday meant dreams called humor says don person potential don pop corn sell thought whispered whips detention list realize voice figure list anyway heat sick tired hearing potential yell don word sounds medicine voice loud surprised hear whisper room bonkers mother yeah touched glare stomach whirls tornado spins throat choking choked tornado terrible try swallow worse open mouth sound comes windy hiss
joined king wondered string bean leader didn trust david david dude block sure talked talk put head kong real david calls david maybe foot size matter david story proved rec center month main june string bean wanted part david sunshine warlord chop chop moose members david didn argue hard gotten gang didn want put didn shouldn drop rec center david asking hanging corner talking says boss basketball court swimming pool records tv stuff don check asked string forget told scene asked school summer giving trouble enemies re trying turf messed months
thought cops david mood pool told find game string frowned find quick thought left windows open center check saw leaving patted table nice job going pool contest string uptight sunshine smiling broadly took knife ran fingers blade david meaning hold midnight thursday give hours square things miss earle deal sunshine david knew string terms table belongs tomorrow night questions asked pool contest goes saturday planned don string asked david looked grim fight failed sunshine string won tell cops crazy david told tell dropped key guilty dropped purpose cried knew guys mood tear mess center mess moment string decided trust david saw happen face relaxed smiled
picked cindy corner chester elm standing overturned garbage daintily licking meat wrapper opened van door cindy hopped knew supply bones corner driver seat company scotty asked cindy wagged agreeable tail sniffed bones scotty knew sam finished morning tour bushes trees starting home scotty rolled slowly maple spotted sam noon scotty full load getting pretty noisy didn care pulled nice shady oak parked taking sack lunch opened door climbed party kids settling floor prince cindy curled scotty feet sat waited scotty doled bits sandwich meat hunks cold hot dogs water thermos wash oatmeal cookies hunger satisfied friends lay circle feet clara calls pig imagine insult sam panted sympathy blacky tail swished floor pal whined growled low angry warning kids scotty running fingers curly hair
eddie headed trouble knew sheriff cooper suspicious eddie sheriff picked junkyard cutting classes junkyard owner complained missing tools surprised sheriff cooper car parked front eddie house entire town seen eddie riding sheriff car halloween night rumor eddie hot wired town police cars left top lover lane kids school teased eddie feud sheriff cooper called outlaw eddie friend worried knew outlaw guy father told family able farm going eddie sure farm equipment ran boy whiz fixing machines machines getting trouble eddie asked walk town school excited rob parker needs assistant mechanic garage afternoon auto shop teacher gave recommendation thought going study history test told remember worried teacher spend hot rods schoolwork
samantha started speak grandmother don feel bad age believe enjoy company wanted looked samantha eyes smiled samantha smiled noticed grandmother face glowing faint blush healthy enjoy company grandma stories talking reading re fine young woman samantha proud woman took hand samantha lifted front hand slipped ring finger easily thin white finger ring grandmother gave ago shouldn start getting superstitious age think bring luck maybe love handed ring samantha grandmother samantha began woman stopped placing cool fingers samantha lips try grandmother samantha hand trembled bit put ring finger hand gold band slipped easily knuckle push slid firmly place beautiful samantha whispered yes grandmother want samantha tried thank woman yawned loudly sleepy dear re ready bed
walked locker school caught glimpse mike crowds standing smiling wonder drew closer saw laughing girl mindy blonde hair hung waist scene gave scared feeling chest happened mike let think mike glanced boyfriend hi mike called talking mindy lisa jacket shoulders looked broader want talk walked favorite bench kids called knew reached bench mike turned took hands didn smile stared distance lisa tell break guys girls felt terrible stabbing pain inside couldn happening don drove home walked front door cried couldn believe guess thought love end didn want tell wasn mike girl anymore mom dad friend jill didn want plain lisa jordan
look wouldn noticed lenny younger rest maybe dressed pretty manners nice family couldn tell sure kind family listening lenny anyway lenny told truth suppose tell lie small natural lenny routine absolutely told truth late september met lenny school started weeks kathy banks george bud singer gathered group high school tighter pull friends owned table hand corner lunch room climbed stairs lunch room floor expected table vacant wasn lenny sitting calmly munching lettuce tomato sandwich chairs table stood looked figuring point move plenty tables didn move eating thin small body hunched large sandwich blond head bobbing took bite
debbie hurried main street dance studio loved part job teaching dancing kids afternoon school loved teaching teenagers adults night debbie hoped full job studio graduated high school june lucille barney owner debbie debbie lot imagination teaching plenty debbie thought imagination instance turn corner imagine sorts things big empty office building door dance studio makes imagination run wild let imagination debbie ran past building opened door studio hurried inside climbing stairway steps took coat dressing room debbie hear ms barney voice rang room blaring music tapping shoes shuffle hop step shuffle hop step let debbie pulled tights leotard hurried classroom hi ms barney want finish class dear ms barney tired sighed sat record player watch rest class debbie stood front kids
julius saw white convertible monday evening week summer vacation porch house cool parked front tiny green house street lady lived beautiful car julius sat top step leaned square post porch couldn eyes car smooth lines shiny hood highly polished rear deck black cloth top clean tight car pretty soon woman house carefully closed green door stepped porch house wearing white high heeled shoes carrying small black suitcase hand big white purse hung shoulder wide leather strap simple dress looked light yellow fading light julius watched woman walked driver side car opened door light inside lighted soft black leather seats car slammed door heavy solid sound wonderful julius thought started engine deep powerful roar didn gun engine julius car
closed door hear sound plastic wrap torn wife broke package rolls warren drove blocks parked car medical building travel agency ticket islands told pretty agent part islands asked agent part matter leave tonight explained warren travel agent phone call warren sir seat maui pay warren don money smiled tonight asked warren thought minute james strut deeper voice agent told warren flight number thanked deep voice drove department store bought shirts pants gray shirts gray pants bright flowery shirts white pants bought luggage put trunk car checked watch bank drove part town american bank bank warren driven warren fowler warren walked doorway warren nodded young bank manager
doctor miss bedroom shut door looked pale hands trembling mrs dunkirk asked doctor nodded nurse phone funeral home want body soon need dress mrs dunkirk protested fix hair pretty bit moved door doctor stood miss changed saw half hour ago nonsense housekeeper seen dead pushed doctor opened bedroom door distant attic cowley clearly hear screams terrifying heard horror movies ended enormous ear shattering scream terror cowley hurried attic door heard babble voices remembered doctor charge room passed dress form smiled silly moments thought mrs dunkirk squeezed form set rusted springs free dummy return original shape sound sigh rubbing canvas afraid
gray haired replaced revolver beneath jacket okay kids relieved smile relax soon police gray haired joe finally identified police lieutenant paul rollie greta gathered fountain paul served coffee sat thankful hands stopped shaking hold coffee cups joe sipped coffee gratefully need guy worried bad knew rollie asked found morning identified fingerprints job pulled night sammy record arm including paul believed seen eyes criminals pattern lieutenant liked double job figured try showed going call lopez decided tell paul didn tight spot grinned paul shouldn worried paul grinned feeling fear felt glow confidence fact mind spinning ahead dance date fine date greta dunne wasn type anyway
henry littlefinger opened mail evening found free sample pill grow tall pill guaranteed taller overnight henry figured short end stick took pill anyway sure morning found grown nearly half inch thought maybe gotten shortchanged feet inches sick tired coming short short henry hated word heard short short short lived shortsighted short fuse short circuit school shorthand played baseball shortstop failed test short memory job factory shortwave radios short especially short pill worked henry looked letter grow tall pill company honest considerate don want give false hopes letter guarantee fraction inch growth wonder pill letter say company sell pills concerned safety customers
looked suddenly big powerful standing light hi mom lights sick stepfather turned living room denny tv going tim turn fine denny tired bed stood front tv looked denny denny glad mother okay tim asked denny glanced clock kitchen wall sat big chair suddenly realized trouble denny looked stepfather standing big denny found seeing strong hard arms looked mad hit denny thought wall mad didn sound exactly pleased mother tell home game lights denny smiled idea quit show show tim slowly wanting sure understood exactly figured guess denny wondered tim going looked wasn yelling denny didn say stepfather denny felt telling mind business
baked bread cakes days put game bag nearly midnight lay sleep dawn river shore examining tracks shallow trench indians sleds plain child mathieu ahead taking steps hurrying women hauling sleds trail frozen river thick country north feeling doom maybe mathieu ambush wouldn hard mathieu guess chased jan studied tracks snow read mathieu thoughts warning ambush indians smart woods indian hunter jan wondered give try whispered aloud started mornings ago days start sleds winter gear stoves traps tent jan traveling light travel fast passed night camp pushed stopped sit log munch bread light pipe twilight finally stopping stars fire ate tea lay sleep brook murmured ice western hill horned owl hooting
smelled bread baked bread sweet drew mitten touched game bag fingers counted crusty cakes warm mathieu whispered darkness answer struck match looked cakes bit shook head ashamed slumped took deep deep breath noisily crashed tree night fire chilled cold terrible deed planned mathieu plug full holes sight mathieu waking nightmare half mind cross lake sleep indians warm tent ashamed mathieu smarter woods forgiving wouldn forgive mathieu taking bag flour thought trying kill farther tonight lose knows sneaks feed trying kill mathieu want starve mathieu want part unfriendly terms finished bread cakes lay fire felt happy wonderfully strange mathieu words meeting wondered say told
purple butterfly flew landed grass anna watched instant tried catch thought awful trap living things took think thought plant grown inches concentrated bothering brush tiny spider crawling arm plant grown feet small orange pompom began open top anna watched kind marigold zoomed eyes bluejay flew tree leaving awaiting breakfast strange flower proved marigold bird approached lifted gay pompom sprayed orange dust fan shaped arc inches air bird vanished air anna looked saw tiny insect plummeting ground pompom bent fallen thing fallen flower straightened ignoring creature struggling sand anna took step boulder quickly snatched felt tiny creature inside hand bigger inches warm insect raised cupped hand close eyes saw held bluejay alive shrunken miniature
beneath sea sight suit frightening metal helmet breastplate weighed seventy pounds lead shoes forty pounds lead belt middle ninety pounds slightly hundred pounds dead weight bottom hold don lifeline virgil explained extra gear drag hundred feet let air pressure build suit float surface mike helmet deck diver tender talk air supplied cylinder gas motor ran compressor practice dives perfectly dives shallow thirty forty feet dives virgil hammered diving knowledge warnings remember trouble diving suit alaska don chances informed happening dive pro re fine fourth dive took place opposite native village couple hundred yards shore schoolteacher wife hacking chunks ice small iceberg drifted sun high sixty feet virgil nice sandy bottom gas left hour dive tomorrow want
white clean shining beautiful sky blue blue blue hemlock grove laced snow meadow smooth white gorge sparkling ice beautiful peaceful laughed loud guess laughed snowstorm terrible shouted voice hushed tons snow looked signs baron weasel footsteps boulder slides played hours enjoying snow inspired fun poked head tree whistled frightful trained falcon flew fist jumped slid mountain making big holes trenches whistling carefree sure scared coming storm working learning fire flint steel finding plants eat trap animals catch fish curtain blizzard struck catskills crawl inside tree comfortably warm plenty eat summer fall thought coming winter december sky blackened temperature dropped flakes swirled admit wanted run york
breakfasted morning glancing morning paper lighted pipe proceeded let mind wander hope chance subject pencil room door windows open oppressively hot mind coolest comfortable place neighborhood deep end public swimming bath idea began draw intent left lunch untouched stopping clock st jude struck final result hurried sketch felt sure thing showed criminal dock immediately judge pronounced sentence fat enormously fat flesh hung rolls chin creased huge stumpy neck clean shaven say days clean shaven bald stood dock short clumsy fingers clasping rail looking straight front feeling expression conveyed horror utter absolute collapse strong sustain mountain flesh rolled sketch knowing pocket rare sense happiness knowledge thing left house
fred thompson thought cheryl toussaint special shortly cheryl birth december parents separated cheryl live grandmother home tenement flat bedford stuyvesant brooklyn crowded ghetto schools attended cheryl slipped grade level junior high classified slow learner corrective reading corrective math forbidden courses eligible academic high school cheryl joined atoms including school took meaning fred thompson assumed role father lacked home demanding cheryl scolding let praising succeeded freddy encouraged girls try grades cheryl explained say report cards want meant feel concerned school running parent education knew going couldn tell okay teacher knew mother grandmother cared concerned schooling freddy knew grade meant snowing
gotten point knew let arms pulling sockets slipping toehold feel heard voice saying eddie grab rope noose end managed took jim pull remember falling ground top grabbing grass laughing hysterically jim pounded rode home silently carefully looked burst laughing lady rope november fifteen going business studying getting bigger growing rains started valley rained week stopping gentle patter mud puddles lying streets pouring niagara falls turtle flood knew sure raft carried wanted check lowland part hidden water reach spot met jim usual sunday morning distribute papers jim suggested ride bridge look river
buck hold swept downstream struggling desperately unable win heard thornton command reared water throwing head high look turned obediently bank swam powerfully dragged ashore pete hans point swimming ceased destruction began knew cling slippery rock face driving current matter minutes ran fast bank point thornton hanging attached line snubbing boat buck neck shoulders careful strangle interfere swimming launched stream struck boldly straight stream mistake late thornton abreast bare half dozen strokes carried helplessly past hans promptly snubbed rope buck boat rope tightening sweep current jerked surface surface remained till body struck bank hauled half drowned hans pete threw pounding breath water staggered feet fell
boys destroyed civil war memorial blocks main street afternoon minute merely sixteen olds bright eyed full noise eager questions tinkering science fair project basement doug mc home minute menace later destined savior fortunately humid air blacktop main street shimmering undulating waves heat reason damage greater injured nearly invisible beam energy pierced foot thick concrete blocks basement sliced cleanly feet raw embankment house burned lilac bush crumbling black mass gouged thin streak char bright blue top parked curb street angle degrees horizontal beam hit green statue forgotten union soldier leaning tiredly rifle suddenly glowed bright red slumped wax figure fireplace shattered thousand sparkling droplets molten bronze boys fortunate molten metal heavy growth hedge square shrubbery crackled fumed withered heat droplets
members service recruited worlds continued superb athletes superior minds strongest moral beliefs dare entrust power lesser today twelve young felt qualities tested friend marty gave moral challenge give interest clearly greater race young woman hokkaido passed test rest forget happened return daily lives worse weapons gave disappeared townspeople soon forget unusual happened today doug special special find earth join leave family forever dedicate alien scattered galaxy seeking gain leave family couldn forget happened continue career undisturbed held hand doug started speak dark return home think dawn hours dawn waiting house wait fifteen minutes leave return living
mountains personalities unique san francisco peaks flagstaff ages past fiery birth molten white hot lava deep earth burst tectonic fracture searing spread radiating heaping mountain mass lofty summit towering feet level sea cooled rocks boulders began break soil bed niches glaciers gouge freezing deadly cold nil beneath giant creeping ice monster joined relentless dynamic gnawing forces erosion breaking symmetry crater cone niches begin grow change niches places hollows rock overhangs sheltered elements crevices caught soil support tiny seeds merely lichens moss niches harbor delicate brave pioneers intimate personality mountain niches support miniature scarlet primrose blooming gaily shadows laughing breeze bent prostrate bristlecone pine shuddering winter wind whistles boulders tree line niches present seasons mountain occurs mountain dominates landscape miles singular beauty season alike mountain seasons moods happens niches
mack twelve understood significance father words holding farm matter real responsibility carrying big brother sixteen burden shifted mack moved main house home closed sealed shut help amazing mother mack put crop hired high school student help bruce higginson family laborers seventeen free job working mack mack help neighbors turned ernie percy payne insisted bringing sandwiches didn real lunch break grab minutes late eat fields standing alongside tractors brothers didn want house proper lunch afraid trouble greatest share responsibilities mack head family farm age kids struggling decisions try freshman football team run says joe williams mack closest friends mack ninth grade kim blades mack friends classmates agrees things bad mack depend lot support relied
tears laughter eyes mother told story mickey mouse party taxi driver delivered front coliseum theater soon stepped cab suave beautifully groomed woman pounced mother escorted theater re glad mrs re party morning mother felt slightly overpowered warm reception smiled politely nice lady cordiality thank late bit sorry matter mrs re important part program mother didn completely understand woman saying realized addressed mrs corrected friend mrs er re japanese consul wife mother didn meant knew agreeable times yes thank obviously hostess assigned special task taking charge japanese consul wife mrs eager hostess stepped theater door times beautifully gowned oriental woman stepped cab thought quarry safe hands woman trilled mother mrs wonder honor acting judges mickey mouse drawing contest
fall samuel adams told johnny call boston observers clock night meet believe general gage knows moved arrest lorne send soldiers arrest think hang club sir hancock johnny meant compliment sam adams looked startled pleased noticed seen going salt lane entering printing shop future meet small groups punch johnny house house talking unpaid bills shillings thinking punch ship boston months british ships british officers limes lemons oranges days friends boston tories miss lyte plenty friends british officers tropical fruit mrs bessie lyte cook listened going eat fruits drink give sam adams don say give dispatch bag johnny returned bulging small meeting twenty original members left town threat arrest british
nick lopez ate fast math test period trouble math needed study finished lunch picked tray hurried crowded room fred johnson walking front slowly tray piled high food nick didn walk slowly passed fred bumped nick rushed heard crash looked part fred lunch floor rest food fred fred heading nick looked mad started fighting wasn bad fight didn middle harrison walked lunchroom nick fred saw harrison stopped fighting nick fred office harrison nick waited vice principal office fred inside door closed nick couldn tell going fred turn fred didn happy nick inside sat nick hear side happened today harrison nick told bumped fred didn mean told fighting didn start fight
train half full nick found seat window train tunnel stared window needed think hard woman seat talking loudly talking money gotten married couldn agree buy apartment nick tried listen troubles stop black coat looked pile books seat nick young muttered seats want let stand don care walked end subway car clark street stop girl saw nick moved books sat hi nick girl sat girl didn say found seat nick stared window person sat nick didn turn look voice excuse nick looked woman friendly smile nick looked watch thirty thanks woman gotten school early today added
woman nick thrown seat roof fell think place run tossed nick thrown side car lights nick hit floor fly car crashing rolling train stopped quiet sounds moaning calling help nick found lying hard wasn floor window train landed side nick tried move holding tried pull leg free pain awful help worse shape couldn woman sitting nick pulled pain bad leg free looked train car bent twisted seats torn loose thrown windows broken nick saw move pinned seats fallen pieces metal need help thought need going
ufos visit space sure john fuller wasn sure writer magazine cared facts september fuller saw newspaper story ufos united states seeing story fuller wonder looking idea magazine story week write ufos thought write story try write reports country pick place find happening call dialed number group washington group looks ufo reports tell reports asked yes happened week ago hampshire fuller listened odd story morning police station hampshire quiet young ran face pale shaking officer help calm young norman walking home told open field saw sky big house red lights flashed rim noise
john fuller wanted seen couldn find york offices mind visit talked bertrand bertrand fuller learned sightings close fuller heard surprised things seen reports coming police station fuller looked reports found ron smith smith car mother aunt night saw air looked upside plate top red light bottom white glowing thing car stopped air flew virginia hale hale washing dishes looked kitchen window saw moving sky stopped house door stayed moving thing dome shaped flat bottom blue green light minutes started move faster airplane family evening sons house saw bright red thing sky round glowed stayed close power lines family seen things times
fuller talked seen ufos lillian seen things fuller place seen fuller asked friend bob kimball brought camera didn think wanted ready case dark night open field stood waiting airplanes going air base nearby fuller lights clear airplanes ufos fuller kimball ready give saw lights airplane moving kimball airplane wasn going saw front airplane round object red orange glowed moved fast sky airplane going kimball asked watched kimball camera thing interesting thing seen fuller wait seen close later kimball fuller talked seen didn
summer dry grass mountains brown water ran small creeks highway janet carol seen forest service signs careful signs extreme fire danger women ranger station late drove ranger carol talk janet stayed car drive mountain road feel sick wanted sleep carol ramirez carol told ranger bill hawkins brother mark lookout pine peak summer carol visit thought hiking woods fine bill don light campfires forest dry safe fire pointed rough looking dirt road led forest pine peak tower hour road carol car hour janet groaned don stay tonight asked stand car hour carol wanted hour janet didn couldn wait morning talked minds carol drive tower janet stay night station hike tower morning plan bill asked janet dinner wife
night thunder cracked roared rain fell lightening flashed sky minutes late janet fell asleep woke morning feeling warm thought hike started hot awake ranger house janet decided thank ate breakfast started trail sign pine peak miles janet knew hours leaves crunched feet rained dust swirled feet step trail steadily uphill warming quickly janet soon began feeling hot didn mind forest beautiful felt walking hour smelled smoke thought campfire walked smell grew stronger janet looked saw sky ahead dark walking straight forest fire saw fire surprised didn look bad thought high wild flames flames low move slowly janet put pack closer hear voices short distance saw bill crew ranger station working fire waved bill need help called looks control bill fire fighters cut wide line woods dry sticks pine needles cleared
flames jumped black smoke rolled trees tree tower flames burning branches fell side line started fires minutes wind fire control janet ran trucks janet felt awful heat roar fire sounded smoke burned eyes hard bill led planned escape route case happened road cars trucks soon racing hill front fire janet riding bill station emergency janet going fire liked fire heading pine peak tower bill mark carol asked janet think stop fire bill road don think fire block roads didn sound sure fire fighters close fire set camp afternoon fire fighters camp fire fighters picked tools headed fire line fight fire ranger asked bulldozers brought bulldozers cut wide line faster airplanes flying overhead dropping pink liquid slowed fire crews closer
jack struggled steps washington apartments carrying huge bag groceries arm shoved open door lobby pushed button elevator waited wishing elevator hurry jack didn big fancy dinner wanted started dinner perfect making dinner denise girlfriend denise upset lately jack telling didn care linda thought linda sort pretty denise didn believe jack trying think show felt idea dinner thought stroke genius elevator arrived jack rode fourth floor started hall apartment grocery bags blocked view didn big green cap late jack stepped quickly side bumping grinned close jack didn look watch going growled walked friendly guy jack thought door denise apartment stopped felt pocket key denise denise mother working late week meant denise care brother cook meals wash dishes hamburger stand
clock jack finished washing dishes started clean rest kitchen dinner oven decided clean things cooked front door banged hey jack yelled high voice home stayed neighbor floor age stopped talking minute hi jack want help dinner want eat eat pretty soon jack want jack middle slicing onions peeling potatoes hold didn feel waiting yanked jack arm jack began mad making dinner turning deal trouble top jack discovered forgotten eggs borrow look door moment stay don touch single thing eat jack knocked doors found home apartment voice called jack explained wanted borrow egg door opened crack inside woman large round glasses thought burglar jack puzzled burglar asked burglaries building woman didn jack didn wanted borrow egg
woman standing steps washington apartments jack small boy steps minutes ago asked wearing blue shirt carrying box mothballs woman looked surprised yes boy ten minutes ago think pointed street jack took direction street crowded coming home jack fast looked open doorways buildings asked grocery store mrs rodriquez coffee shop seen jack began feel getting finished package cookies apartment minute starting feel awful jack decided ran top speed washington apartments close saw things green cap loading tv set big orange van flames painted woman steps standing waving remembered shouted boy going park jack didn slow washington apartments ran straight park thing saw boy sitting bench package mothballs lap jack yelled late started snack looked saw jack dashing scrambled bench started run
mavis jumped bed mother didn tell ran took shower minutes sitting breakfast table ball fire today mother happy mom mavis wait brother glad happy re getting brother mother smiled dad thought adopting mac told brother dad getting mac mavis face show surprised going tell answered mother thought awhile talk brother whim talked began look funny mavis smiled friend rosa want adopt brother rosa mother asked mavis rosa adopted real father died real mother sick poor care rosa talked lot didn couldn adopt brother told dad looks dream coming true laughed mother today mac comes live soon part family adopting let hurry mavis jumped eat anymore listen mom called mac let call mighty mac idea wouldn want grow thinking kind hamburger teased mother
fred couldn sleep ground hard dark damp looked boys sleeping bags pulled heads fred knew hikes try wished home warm bed heard odd reached flashlight heard sound hissing sound fred light saw snake seen close sure rattlesnake yelled help help boys woke wrong wanted look careful rattlesnake shouted fred rocket dave yelled loud voice fred gopher snake baby fred boy complained woke don rattlesnake country julio threw shoe snake crawled big rock okay boys calm afraid snakes knew boys sleep fred don afraid worried wake talk boys sleeping bags fred felt couldn sleep boys angry wished crawl rock snake
ms atkins talking class getting class tenth grade class begins class begins easy remember late late jack door talking getting class glad joining jack ten minutes answered ten minutes late say jack frowned looked looked teacher couldn help mean teacher asked say couldn help jack began left home plenty started run street saw signs school slow slow class roared funny ms atkins looked rest class stop laughing jack tried thing late feeling sorry sorry asked jack grinned felt sorry don horse looks teacher couldn believe saying makes think don horse looks art week picture horse jumping fence jack asked picture supposed knew didn horse looked told walked slowly signs tried think horse class knew laugh
ancient greeks imagined gods believed charge nature glories seeing sun rise morning say goes sun god apollo driving flaming chariot skies apollo story goes son earth named phaethon lad mother clymene beautiful nymph born beautiful parents phaethon help growing proud handsome natural enraged young friends scoffed story divine birth fierce anger phaethon mother cried truly child god give proof son apollo clymene wish prove journey east land sun rises find apollo present let tell lips headstrong youth delay instant set weeks journey found glorious palace sun magnificent gleamed brightly light bear phaethon entered palace end huge hall saw apollo seated throne glittered diamonds sun god head gleamed golden rays side throne stood apollo attendants hour month seasons spring resplendent garland flowers summer wore garland grain autumn stood richly colored garment feet stained juice grape winter face pale garments dead white hair beard stiff frost
easily acquainted constellations north pole sky striking called bear ursa major stars form big dipper look carefully star bend handle mizar fainter companion alcor stars named ago arab astronomers finding alcor considered sign eyesight today alcor easy brighter look mizar telescope discover single star pair naked eye close pole star north star located sighting stars opposite handle dipper pole star belongs constellation dipper star handle astronomical dipper ursa minor bear legend tells bears sky hera wife god zeus jealous beautiful nymph callisto changed bear callisto son met bear woods knowing mother lifted knife attack zeus turned boy bear mother sky constellation named draco dragon winds bears swings curve bear opposite side pole star big bear constellation cassiopeia named legendary queen stars form letter depending look
thousands heavens apparent unaided eye knowing sun moon planets stars italian scientist galileo turned telescope sky surprising discovery met gaze studied heavens telescope revealed mountains moon astonishing disclosed tiny moons revolving planet jupiter studied stars noted faint seen telescope discovered milky appears unaided eye luminous streak cloud actually composed stars galileo inventor telescope telescope invented holland credit named hans lippershey according legend happened hold spectacle lenses front looking noticed distant church steeple closer galileo heard invention decided telescope instrument fitting spectacle lens end organ pipe magnified times began grind polish lenses soon constructed telescope magnified thirty times instrument famous discoveries florence italy telescopes preserved science museum city telescopes galileo convex lens end tube objective called concave lens eyepiece
blue ridge mountains virginia trail lonesome pine song words favorite american knows heard sung blue ridge america favorite national parks shenandoah national park lies heart famous blue ridge mountain area park young created december christmas present virginia americans gift coming national parks united states developed west park east mississippi seventeen west mississippi including hawaii alaska score twenty west east single eastern park acadia coast maine meantime begun need national parks east suggestions poor idea create park blue ridge mountains virginia committee appointed told look matter surprise american reported chairman committee learn national park area fine scenic qualities found hour ride national capital ride forty millions congress approved idea park blue ridge step control land privately owned
getting rid automobiles successful research projects past solution took complaining congressmen town project started took technologists road success drop ocean congressman department defense pointed pile steel automobile bodies show sonar screens foul antisubmarine detection gear arguments rage build higher fences hide mess stuff cars abandoned coal mines million automobiles discarded angry car owner leaves car road stopped dead happens city police tow car auto graveyard towing expensive owner located large bill stiff fine remind illegal abandon auto york city rid automobiles auto graveyard abandoned car joins thousands waiting owners claim sign legal papers turn junkman weeks junk dealer owns car begin selling parts hubcaps mirrors cushions stripped cars sold steel mills scrap metal furnaces suddenly ago junk dealers told autos steel mills country buying type furnace
large forest deer bears chipmunks animals large small lived forest flowed large river home kinds fish river forest stretches fields meadows rabbits played birds insects feed plants beautiful places live enjoy arrive indians camped hunt catch fish passed cut trees built permanent homes settlers river open lands started community pleasant river families settle area homes built houses stores built places kinds carried trees cut till left open fields disappeared east side river town west side large city city pretty sawmills factories buses cars crowded streets town side river attractive bright white houses trees lining streets green lawns house endless flower gardens lake nearby wonderful place swim hour drive seashore boats swim surf fishing boats river fishing began noticed town
arliss wasn mess grown big cabin practice trying catch living thing ran flew jumped crawled night mama let bed arliss empty pockets captured generally tangle mess grasshoppers worms praying bugs rusty tree lizards brought horned toad mad swelled round flat mexican tortilla bled eyes stuff young bird fallen nest fly green speckled spring frog striped water snake turned pocket wadded baby copperhead figure snake bitten mama took chances snakes switched arliss hard catching snake spend week taking teaching throw rocks kill snakes arliss mama wanted kill snakes kill didn sticking pockets captured snakes stinking mama called empty pockets dead
look st mary constructive periods proud harvard proud school crude moment happy bop speaks ill st mary met learned love greatest known matthias brother matthias order catholic order concentrates underprivileged boys europe headquarters order belgium saw real organized baseball retirement saw equalled brother matthias stood feet weighed muscle seldom raised voice sharp contrast known home neighborhood spoke meant business afternoon st mary older boys real hoodlums started yard looked charge weaker brother matthias road mt st joseph fancier place run leaped carriage laid whip plug pulled drove fast st mary stood piece high ground yard looked uprising silence yard trouble stopped immediately
reasons tom forgotten secret troubles found important matter think becky thatcher stopped coming school tom struggled pride days tried whistle wind failed began find hanging father house nights feeling miserable ill die distraction thought longer took interest war piracy charm dreariness left put hoop bat joy aunt polly concerned began try manner remedies love patent medicines methods producing health mending experimenter things notwithstanding boy grew melancholy pale dejected remained dismal hearse aunt heard pain killer ordered lot gave tom teaspoonful watched result troubles instantly rest soul peace indifference broken boy shown wilder interest built fire tom felt wake sort romantic ruined condition getting
father deliberately saved distance sun evolve earth totally enveloped misty haze promised moisture atmosphere minutes older sister elena waited air lock father return walk surface small lifeboat mother guiding space vessel holding orbit planet air lock opened father stumbled tiny space shouted soon pull helmet saw terror eyes elena leaped controls small craft skyward quickly set course bring conjunction orbiting ship elena helped father space suit quiet merely sat minutes eyes staring front elena tried question held hand shaken wait ship mother want hear elena mother father previous expedition trip space purpose trip father collected strange exotic animals solar systems
afternoon wore weather looked settled started hour paddle lake camp cooked late supper bed unexplored eastern arm bear lake miles wide opening eastern arm led narrow fiord winding mountains fiord place wanted indians miles northern june twilight lasted till eleven thirty matter didn home till late supper paddle dark constantly caution dogs rex wahoo lie wet quivering black noses lifted high scents breath constant movements thick forest gun ready growth dense saw thing turn warningly tired paddle home don think paddling bit tired paddle night stop rest turn sure bend bends looking spectacle cry
celia hopped bicycle captured aluminum highway lecture sister diary dear diary joan thinks dye hair dear diary think david likes dear naturally mom took side sister celia asked girls don spend lives bicycle wandering ditches girls diaries reading sister girls wouldn family laugh admitted trying help clean picking trash idea job celia twenty dollars gathering bottle sure beat baby sitting consider didn baby sit anyway maybe today red tailed hawk eggs hatched pedaled furiously turning canyon road flurry dust nest high double topped pine foot hill didn show road celia hid bike clambered hillside level nests hawk swooped tree leaving untidy cradle sticks looking flat empty breeze lifted blanket feathers celia flash white eggs eyes ached squinting eggs moving sticks fluff
dr rosen mt sinai school medicine york city noise affects human body blood vessels contract pupils dilate holds breath muscles tense gastric secretion diminishes blood pressure increases adrenalin suddenly injected bloodstream increases tension nervousness irritability los schools airport students bombarded daily jet noises measured eighty ninety decibels playground racket measured hundred fifteen decibels high rate emotional disturbances pupils hearing losses average number fights arguments pupils start thinking harmful effects noise automatically quieter low pleasantly pitched voice preferred loud high instance simply takes practice achieve addition cultivating softer pleasant speaking voice positive steps cut noise school instance slamming books desk place quietly clattering halls walk quietly shoes rubber type soles yelling friends distance wave attract attention catch start talking organize quiet club write series articles noise school paper field trip town find spots
sure hard ecology favor wants going telling lot talk paper route father kid homework playing ball stuff days innings saturdays collect put word ecology saturday morning collecting turned spring lot williams house usual tries pretend home burning leaves backyard stuck pays tell shouldn burn leaves bad air bad ecology compost pile put leaves garbage stuff garden agree hang head shame says compost pile job home jo yes say proudly shock heck father idea hate working compost williams says don trouble put dirt top layer
morning prince theseus awoke fancied sorrowful dream running mind eyes open appeared air full melancholy wail listened closely hear sobs groans screams woe mingled deep quiet sighs king palace streets temples home city mournful noises coming thousands separate hearts united sound startled theseus slumber put clothes quickly hastening king inquired meant alas son quoth king aegeus heaving sigh lamentable matter hand saddest anniversary annually draw lots youths maidens athens devoured horrible minotaur minotaur exclaimed prince theseus brave young prince put hand hilt sword kind monster risk slay king aegeus shook head convince theseus hopeless case gave explanation affair island crete lived dreadful monster called minotaur
village remote hustle bustle city lived poor woman son arose dawn gather twigs nearby mountains sun arose boy carrying bundles marketplace mother returned thatched hut money firewood bought oil rice vegetables occasionally eggs small amount meat noon home exception daily simple morning marketplace usual crowd bargaining purchase twigs waited patiently suddenly caught sight small bag lying twigs dropped mused looking hastily bag saw coins waiting longer hurried home early today mother queried luck found bag coins firewood wasn sold bag replied mother son eagerly opened bag count coins amounted fifteen unhappy loss sighed son return owner need buy rice oil family starving added trying persuade hurry
rich farmer grasping unscrupulous rich driving hard bargain getting poor neighbors neighbors humble shepherd return service receive farmer heifer payment farmer refused give shepherd heifer shepherd forced lay matter burgomaster burgomaster young experienced listened sides deliberated deciding case put riddle makes answer heifer agreed farmer shepherd accepted proposal burgomaster riddle swiftest thing sweetest thing richest think answers bring hour tomorrow farmer home temper kind burgomaster young fellow growled let heifer bushel pears fair losing heifer think answer foolish riddle matter husband wife asked burgomaster heifer argument young thinks decide case asking riddles
happened ago early days buenos aires argentina wasn city colony days indians battling fiercely spaniards conquered thereabouts spaniards began south america started colony indian villages buenos aires indians learned white settlers wanted enslave rebelled fiercely attacked intruders wanted land indians surrounded spanish settlement assaulted night soon food newcomers hunt bushes trees indians hidden armed arrows stones covered rawhide tied ropes entangle animals settlers starving ate lay hands leather boots rodents roots soon gave fewer fewer defenders women hard captain colony orders leave settlement hunt food permission disobeyed orders hanged spanish women lovely young girl maldonado
motion study astronomy photography science nearest dad heart converted story barn montclair photographic laboratory dad thought justification professionals photographer taking pictures family dad liked job liked job rain shine night summer winter especially sundays photographers prefer sunlight pictures dad liked sun excuse pictures indoors special affinity flashlight powder bigger flash enjoyed pour gray mountains powder pan top shaped flash gun hold head left hand burrowed beneath black cloth stern camera hand hold shutter release toy kind shake rattle attention walked larger flashlight explosions dad set matter routine ceilings rooms montclair bore charred black circles mute testimony professional photographers seeing load flash gun mutter hasten room
took build dragonwings money sending money home mother learn trial error build frame stretch canvas end summer demon ready managed dragonwings top hill busy trying wind father left thirty feet dragonwings crest hill sloped sharply hundred feet opening ruin estate barn hill dipped sharply rest flatlands marched area front dragonwings tramping weeds ground fairly level father coiled queue tight bun head pinned robin took place left propeller hands resting blade took place propeller father lay belly bottom wing left hand grabbed hold frame took front rudder controls pulled controls front rudders tilted upward pushed forward tilted downward
days king minos ruled crete mighty navy ranged seas lived athens daedalus known wide minos daedalus greatest architect sculptor ingenious mind design skillful hands execute statues real lived moment move hand step open lips speak young nephew talus clever hands creative mind mother brother boy learn marvelous skills talus genius imagination walking shore picked backbone fish idly drew strong sharp spines forward piece driftwood cut deep wood home notched metal blade edge saw fixed iron rods tip held firmly upright earth moved slowly perfect circle invented compass talus pupil teacher excited proud daedalus pleased frightened sorely jealous talus soon surpass thought
things bad reservation oregon native americans mad ago leaders government told reservation farms lots food clothes native americans left lands reservation government later things changed head reservation rinehart taking farms native americans making talking war group northern group groups close relatives spoke language angry government leaders wanted war didn fought government soldiers knew war wanted try things paiute woman sarah thought help sarah chief daughter part lived family settlers knew english talk government leaders told rinehart told robbed land belongings didn rinehart found sarah leave reservation sarah live friend didn give trying help couldn stand trouble thought washington help trip washington hard sarah knew didn close losing
general howard sarah horse sarah found john george set find bannock camp chief soon rode river turned valley sarah spotted place camped ground bits hair beads ripped clothes things honor dead chief heard chief buffalo horn killed sarah place happened sarah looked soon found trail hill hot dry valley began follow top hill stopped ground whip whip stagecoach driver killed sarah bannock trail didn stop rest land hot dry trees grass big rocks rode fast horses hard land steep horses tripped dark sarah wanted going wasn horses dead tired horses fall kill dark john george stop night sarah ready sleep trees tied horse arm didn sleep horse pulling arm ground hard
straight hard going bannock camp land rough steep lookouts lee don think hands knees climbed top look bannock camp lodges sarah bannock catching horses minute felt afraid sarah waited trees dark believe getting wood stopped look hides drying looking father lodge found carrying wood inside bannock lodge sarah looked father chief seen sarah daughter danger sarah gave father message general howard chief didn think stay fight sarah don want war sarah answered don fight kill leave answered sarah talked lodge checking didn notice sarah chief sarah began making plans women leave believe getting wood night walk woods slip lodges
proceeded tee doctor drove nice straight shot distance bobby sighed teed ball waggled club took stiffly shut eyes raised head depressed shoulder hit middle course drew deep breath satisfaction known golfer gloom passed eloquent face succeeded equally known golfer exultation bobby untruthfully perfect iron shot chip bobby lay dead achieved birdie dr thomas reduced full confidence bobby stepped sixteenth tee miracle occurred terrific magnificent superhuman slice happened ball round angles straight whew dr thomas bobby bitterly hullo thought heard shout hope didn hit peered difficult light sun point setting looking straight hard distinctly slight mist rising sea edge cliff hundred yards footpath runs bobby ball possibly traveled think heard cry doctor heard bobby ball difficulty finding ran earth
bobby sequel adventure morning town meet friend thinking starting garage fancied bobby operation valuable settling things satisfaction bobby caught train home days later caught true narrow margin arrived paddington clock announced dashed subway emerged platform train moving hurled carriage saw heedless indignant ticket collectors porters rear wrenching open door fell hands knees picked door shut slam agile porter bobby found looking sole occupant compartment class carriage corner facing engine sat dark girl smoking cigarette red skirt short green jacket brilliant blue beret despite resemblance organ grinder monkey sorrowful dark eyes puckered face distinctly attractive midst apology bobby broke frankie haven seen ages haven seen sit talk bobby grinned ticket wrong color matter frankie kindly pay difference manly indignation rises thought bobby let lady pay days frankie pay difference bobby heroically burly figure blue appeared door corridor
robert jones called bobby explained playing golf doctor sliced ball sea mist rising difficult thought heard cry moment wondered ball hit coming footpath decided possibly traveled find ball yes hundred yards short footpath driven tee driven chasm stopped evidence repetition doctor questioned closely cry heard thought heard cry cry help sort shout fact wasn sure heard startled kind cry bobby gratefully sort noise fellow let ball hit unexpectedly took step nothingness thought path yes explained actually died fifteen minutes doctor left help bobby ordeal end anxious perfectly straightforward business mrs leo called bobby gave gasp acute disappointment face photograph tumbled dead pocket photographers thought bobby disgustedly worst kind liars photograph obviously ago hard believe charming wide eyed beauty brazen looking woman plucked eyebrows obviously dyed hair
look frankie think minute suspicion clear board connect dead proper reason invented house hunting spur moment bet carried kind suggestion mysterious stranger seen neighborhood accident fancy real sort person suspicion yes frankie thoughtfully deduction connect alex knew dead ah important body recognized camouflage taking big risk forget mrs identified soon humanly pictures papers blurry things say curious fell cliff extraordinarily frankie shrewdly wouldn easily missed mean couldn sort family wife relations police report missing frankie going abroad marvelously tanned big game hunter looked sort person relations knew movements
week later bobby joined badger london received communications frankie illegible scrawl unable guess meaning general purport frankie plan bobby heard bobby certainly leisure unlucky badger succeeded business ingenuity suggest bobby busy disentangling extraordinary mess friend young remained strictly guard effect grains render taker extremely suspicious food drink induced bring london service revolver possession extremely irksome beginning feel thing extravagant nightmare frankie bentley roared mews drew garage bobby grease stained overalls receive frankie wheel sat gloomy looking young hullo bobby frankie george arbuthnot doctor need bobby winced slightly george arbuthnot faint acknowledgement presence sure re going need doctor asked bit pessimistic didn mean need frankie need scheme look talk bobby looked doubtfully round bedroom doubtfully
rendezvous accident party fixed spot mile village road branched main road andover arrived safely frankie standard shown signs decrepitude hill fixed clock don want interrupted re staging thing frankie goes road imagine lunchtime perfectly safe proceeded half mile side road frankie pointed place selected accident place couldn opinion straight hill road sudden sharp turn round bulging bit wall wall actually wall court start car let run hill crash straight wall pretty drastic happen say bobby agreed lookout corner sure coming round opposite direction frankie don want involve mess maim george car turn coming direction waves handkerchief show clear re looking pale frankie bobby anxiously sure re pale explained frankie ready concussion don want carried house blooming health
tall stooping nez bobby tried think knew likely fit description suddenly quick suspicion darted mind forerunner attempt mysterious enemy trying track sat thinking discovered left neighborhood unsuspecting mrs roberts address keeping watch place things moment badger bobby yes lad minutes spent genuine hard end ten minutes badger repeat instructions heart word perfect bobby fiat dating drove mews parked fiat st james square walked straight club telephoning couple hours later parcels delivered finally half past chauffeur dark green livery walked st james square rapidly large bentley parked half hour previously parking attendant nodded gentleman left car remarked stammering slightly chauffeur fetching shortly bobby let clutch drew neatly abandoned fiat stood demurely awaiting owner bobby despite intense discomfort upper lip began enjoy headed north south powerful engine forging ahead north road
hawkins yes bobby voice slightly muffled owing large mouthful bacon eggs re wanted telephone bobby took hasty gulp coffee wiped mouth rose telephone small dark passage took receiver hullo frankie voice hullo frankie bobby lady frances speaking voice coldly hawkins yes lady want car ten clock london ladyship bobby replaced receiver say lady say ladyship don sort thing lead real chauffeur butler catch end frankie hung receiver turned roger nuisance observed lightly london today owing father fuss roger evening yes half thought asking give lift town roger carelessly frankie paused infinitesimal answer apparent readiness course thought don think today roger henry looking odder usual don leaving sylvia frankie driving asked roger casually moved telephone yes hawkins shopping nuisance re driving leave car yes course car bobby wheel stiff correct demeanor doorstep
conversation proceeded easily bobby pumping lady camouflage displayed sudden curiosity want asked wanted address explained bobby act important cable york fluctuation dollar mrs rivington nodded desperate intelligence continued bobby rapidly wanted touch instructions left address heard mention friend thought possibly news mrs rivington completely satisfied pity vague think distinctly bobby rose apologize taking mrs rivington interesting dolly say bobby yes lawyers discreet mrs rivington gurgle laughter thought bobby walked street dolly character dare say deserves charming idiot woman wonder wanted address didn simply ring ask brook street frankie discussed matter angle looks pure chance took frankie thoughtfully evidently chance remark directed attention nicholsons
roger don heaps places treated important thing henry agree think difficult asked frankie afraid heard night hand catch repentant mood hullo comes sylvia mrs emerged house looked seeing roger frankie walked grass looking terribly worried strained roger began looking frankie movement leave dear don case think suspected business haven frankie nodded blind blind sylvia bitterly saw suspected wondered henry changed unhappy suspected reason paused slight change tone soon doctor nicholson told truth straight henry left paused swallowing sob roger going agreed grange put doctor nicholson hands tomorrow exclamation roger frankie simultaneously sylvia looked astonished roger spoke awkwardly sylvia thinking don believe grange plan think fight asked sylvia doubtfully
looked defiantly frankie frankie marveled hold dr nicholson acquired short distrust vanished completely loss say frankie relapsed silence presently roger house slightly breathless nicholson left message don want doctor nicholson urgently sylvia suggested plan arranged henry consented think say matter sylvia roger gently henry brother suggested plan sylvia obstinately yes heard things nicholson things don believe bit lip turned house roger turned frankie bit awkward awkward sylvia mind obstinate devil sat garden seat matter carefully roger agreed frankie tell story sylvia mistake plan opinion tackle doctor going say exactly don say hint deal rate agree thing henry grange open stop give show frankie reminded try curse sylvia turn obstinate minute
frankie walked looking numbers suddenly halt grimace vexation board announcing sold let unfurnished frankie immediately removed nez earnest air political required names house agents frankie selected wrote determined plan campaign proceeded put action agents messrs gordon porter morning frankie wonder give address recently st leonard gardens young frankie addressed short wasn act owners took quarterly tenancy post abroad moment believe actually haven address afraid settled address originally took house hotel think paddington station references suggested frankie paid quarter rent advance deposit cover electric light gas frankie feeling despairing saw young looking curiously house agents summing class clients obviously found frankie interest unexpected owes deal money frankie young face immediately assumed shocked expression sympathetic beauty distress hunted files correspondence trace present late abode found
frankie gasped bobby voice rose excitedly asked question asked didn ask didn ask evans bobby re getting thing struck nosing round looking fishy point struck struck believe wales reason gladys evans welsh evans welsh girl didn ask evans frankie reason silly point important couple maids house send gardener albert mere evans sharp girl shrewd bobby situation reason evans mere evans suddenly stopped put hands eyes coming sort flicker minute stayed dead minute removed hands looked companion odd flicker eyes bobby re staying house servants tip house course bobby surprised tips cook sees thing sees catch glimpse
bobby frankie post office disgracing knew accord looked shook laughter gasped bobby looked hundred eighty lamented frankie amused realized didn evans course dangerous point view evans actually roof bobby place rainbow ends frankie dear home dash bobby badger money frankie frankie opened bag took handful notes give tell arrangement creditors say father buy garage put manager bobby thing quickly frightful haste don feeling happen awful let quickly settle badger start car buy toothbrush frankie minutes saw speeding chipping bobby complain lack speed frankie suddenly look bobby quick bobby glanced speedometer needle moment registering eighty remarked dryly don air taxi frankie re miles dear girl bobby home couple hours
beautifully garden heard shot perfect suicide person laid open suspicion poor nicholson ass stick course bobby knight errantry bit difficult cottage fancied nicholson explanation wife absence sure suspicious showed mettle cottage realized noise upstairs knocked quickly injected large dose lay bed telephone nipped attic cut free took effect doctor arrived genuinely hypnotic sleep nerve going afraid evans hang savage suicide worked afraid written evans pretended london nursing home hurried met doorstep idea methods crude degree believe doubt waitress able remember woman london lain low nursing home bobby thing died spotted lost head
paul fell asleep dream cavern silent moving dim light solemn cathedral listened faint sound drip drip drip water remained dream paul knew remember awakening remembered dreams predictions dream faded paul awoke feel warmth bed thinking thinking castle play companions age deserve sadness farewell dr teacher hinted class system rigidly guarded planet sheltered lived desert edge command sand called marked census imperial dune desert planet paul sensed tensions decided practice mind body lessons mother taught quick breaths triggered responses fell floating awareness focusing consciousness dilation avoiding unfocused mechanism consciousness conscious choice blood enriched swift flooding overload regions obtain food safety freedom instinct animal consciousness extend moment idea victims extinct animal destroys produce animal pleasures remain close sensation levels avoid perceptual human requires background grid universe focused consciousness choice forms grid bodily integrity follows nerve blood flow according deepest awareness cell needs things cells beings strive flow permanence
jessica say asked reverend mother sunset castle paul ordeal women jessica morning room paul waited adjoining meditation chamber jessica stood facing south windows saw evening banked colors meadow river heard hear reverend mother question ordeal ago skinny girl hair color bronze body tortured winds puberty entered study reverend mother helen proctor superior school ix jessica looked hand flexed fingers remembering pain terror anger poor paul whispered asked question jessica woman voice demanding jessica tore attention past faced reverend mother sat stone wall west windows want say want say want say woman voice carried tone cruel son jessica flared knew goaded anger deliberately told bear daughters meant jessica pleaded pride thought produce jessica lifted chin sensed possibility thought duke desire son woman snapped desires don figure daughter wed heir sealed breach
low voice meant offense lady speak legend seek answers jessica beware answers find prepared violence weapon bodice lady remote possibility draw blood jessica bring ruin wildest fears imagine worse things dying entire lady pleaded appeared fall knees weapon gift prove means death prove jessica waited relaxation trained terrifying combat decision tips thought slowly reached neck dress brought dark sheath black handle deep finger ridges protruded took sheath hand handle withdrew milk white blade held blade shine glitter light double edged blade twenty centimeters lady asked thing jessica knew fabled blade planet known rumor wild gossip say lightly meaning jessica thought edge question reason service ask question
turned paul let look lad learn address properly duke thought paul stood passively inspected suit odd sensation putting crinkling slick surfaced garment absolute knowledge worn motion adjusting adhesion tabs inexpert guidance natural instinctive tightened chest gain maximum pumping action motion breathing known fitted neck forehead tabs tightly known prevent friction blisters straightened stepped puzzled expression worn asked adjusted desert boots fitted slip fashion ankles told certainly rubbed cheek thinking legend ways born waste duke gestured waiting led accepting guard salute nod climbed fastened safety harness checked controls instruments craft creaked clambered aboard fastened harness focused padded comfort aircraft soft luxury gray green upholstery gleaming instruments sensation filtered washed air lungs doors slammed vent fans whirred alive soft thought secure sire halleck leto fed power wings felt cup dip airborne ten meters wings feathered tightly thrusting upward steep hissing climb
halleck music wafted room minor key lilting lively trying lift mood let dinner commence duke sank chair angry uncertain jessica thought loss factory crawler hit deeply loss acts desperate lifted fork hoping motion hide sudden bitterness desperate slowly increasing animation dinner manufacturer complimented jessica chef wine brought superb tasting chukka simply superb hint tired spice guild bank representative looked understand doctor factory crawler lost worm news travels fast duke true banker asked shifting attention leto course true duke snapped blasted carry disappeared shouldn big disappear worm recover crawler duke repeated saw carry leave banker asked spotters customarily eyes sand re primarily interested carryall complement pilots journeymen crew pay duke foes ah banker judge change challenge
stood open door generator room face reflected yellow light single brighter suspensor door stillness room sound generators leto thought house generators re wide open began walking pocketing leto found speak gasped paralysis reached legs slid floor propped stone wall face carried look sadness bent touched leto forehead duke found feel touch remote dull drug dart selective speak advise glanced hall bent leto pulled dart tossed sound dart clattering stones faint distant duke ears leto thought conditioned leto whispered sorry dear duke things greater demands touched diamond tattoo forehead find strange override conscience wish kill yes actually wish stop looked duke dear duke baron wish kill baron bar quiet poor duke haven peg tooth put mouth tumble tooth replaced moment render unconscious replace tooth opened hand stared
recognized tiny bat bat turned head saw blue blue eyes stroked bat soothing crooning bent animal head allowed drop saliva fall tongue animal upturned mouth bat stretched wings remained upturned hand took tiny tube held bat head chattered tube lifting creature high threw upward bat swooped cliff lost sight folded cage thrust beneath robe bent head listening quarter high country wonders seek known retreated direction presume sole object hunt watch side basin thing passed stirred whispering remain silent frightened animals hissed discerned movement opposite cliff flitting blurs tan tan friend carried message messenger night unhappy lose movement sink faded entire kilometer expanse sand remained growing pressure heat blurred columns rising air silent whispered file plodding figures emerged break opposite cliff headed directly sink appeared curiously inept band counted making heavy going dunes
hatch open crew probing earth strangely shaped tools elves caring misty moonlit gardens mist parted pastel light ship hull fell clear elves creatures scientifically minded taking samples flowers moss shrubs saplings misshapen heads drooping arms sawed think tenderness showed plants add impression earth nearby observe botanists space free peace started fear bat twittered owl hooted dog barked distance breathing quickened camouflage surrounded flowing fingertips toes hard discover solitary walker moonlight pass misty patch knowing crew ancient space huddled spaceship matter enormous victorian christmas tree ornaments don fall earth frequency presence felt radar military intuition scanning devices gigantic detected big missed protective fog completely cover earth swinging tree night encounter hand government vehicles government specialists earning night pay bouncing roads talking radios closing ornament crew botanists disturbed case
quick thumping sounded cold streaks light cut brush alien tongues bellowed number jingling waist scent flashing light botanist saw belt hanging assemblage teeth trophies possibly wrenched mouth unfortunate space creature ring called ship rounding straggling members lunged surging lights edge fire road vehicles scattered drivers turned protective mist glided road moonlight blending foul exhaust engines noxious cloud momentarily adding camouflage road sliding low ravine quickly cold lights turned sensing crossed huddled sand rock leapt ravine orbiting eyes raced upward saw horrible ring jingling teeth grinning hideously owner leapt crouched deeper rock mist patches fog sees ravines night moisture clings yes cloud earthlings insignificant don probe lights neck inside webbed feet toes spindly roots purplish plant wouldn understand sure planet save foliage completely annihilate jumped dark voices excited enjoying hunt armed
hiding vegetable bed took counsel plants advice look kitchen window welcome trouble signaled plant wanting peek windows repeat folly insisted grunting softly extraterrestrial crept obediently eyes whizzing fearful circles square kitchen light radiated outward ominous black hole space vertigo filled limbs dropped unspeakable outermost edge universe eyes past plastic weathervane mouse duck balanced duck carrying umbrella table middle room sat earthlings engaged ritual creatures shouting moving tiny idols table sheets paper waved bearing dark secrets hidden printed powerful cube rattled tossed watched sided form land shouted consulted tablets moved idols alien tongues sounded night air hope suffocate portable hole listen lunacy insanity yeah read form malady afflicted hear sense things exist sank window darkness planet unspeakably strange learn ritual throw sided cube accepted vibrations monstrous complexity floated house intricate codes signals ten million places encountered complicated
extraterrestrial woke morning knowing planet hide space creature pushed room closet shut door minutes rest house woke creature heard voice older boy mother huddled closet mother entered spoke school elliott sick mom extraterrestrial peeked closet door boy returned bed plead tall willowy creature place tube boy mouth left room boy quickly held light bed heated fluid place mouth mother returned scientist nodded trick known galaxy temperature guess waited night thing didn boy nodded woman turned closet extraterrestrial shrank corner hand entered going quilt lay shelf boy think live thought rough nights lately hoped wasn weird drugs making crazy eyes looked strange father eyes frequently dilated delusions thing maybe hereditary okay stay home tv understand disintegrate front box turned doorway paused looking door frame
room elliott opening closet door addressing monster fix place closet space shuttle okay need elderly staring skylight room stretched painted dragon wings spread outward soft shafts sunlight shining elliott opened book floor monster looked goblins gnomes monster eyes series focusing arrangements including revealed origin fibers composing paper painted potbellied creature altogether unlike staring page travelers stranded ago elliott left creature look pictures began arranging closet pillows blankets stopped ask harboring monster meant flying automatic pilot doubling trying duck knew thing handed stars follow die called door mind body moved effort signals pulsing inside couldn cosmic law touched direction knew felt felt harvey dog feel metamorphosis gnawing boot heels soul stomach contented thought biting mailman ankle event scheduled midmorning
closet elderly reviewing knew communication devices build heard cabbage heads room approach intent searching brain transmitter blueprints closet door suddenly opened elliott put arm nodded reassuringly meet brother stepped gertie home nursery school raced room seeing monster screamed monster michael opened eyes mingled voices pierced command center house mary sat trying pull god rose kitchen table savage ritual family enacting sounded pulling gertie pants twenty gertie trying recollect psychiatrist couch mary climbed stairs ready notes give gertie analysis began walked wearily hall elliott room full office infant trauma home challenges paused moment elliott door room neat opened door object elliott owned dumped floor mary looked midst innocent expression face happened look mess mean room room accident hire whirling inside closet huddled gertie michael girl ready bite boy mouth hanging open dumb gaze enormously misshapen shoulders taking considerable room tiny closet
error remaining standby telepathy elliott full attention speak spell forgot elliott fine telepathic connections remained gave elliott difficult elliott supposed cutting frog biology class teacher begin students receiving incandescent message concerning schematic speak spell re going peel skin teacher pointed tub live frogs look inside picked frogs red line belly incision line elliott think re teacher stared elliott lab report elliott furiously covering diagrams highly sophisticated electronic circuitry hand moving writing automatically controlled ghost ghost course extraterrestrial elliott closet mind overriding elliott mysteries speech programmable memory teacher didn student problem ignoring lesson completely writing feverishly brow covered sweat room suddenly watching elliott boy wrote edge paper desk arm wrote air walked front room snapped frog anatomy chart began writing chalk blackboard tyler greg steve stared amazement tyler stretched legs biology bench tapped greg ankle pointed elliott whirling screw loose sign finger head
gertie led hand fingers dwarfed immense palm written fate star children earth help stars line fate hardest interpret knew creases crossing leading gertie toddled front room hall nearly understand child spent afternoon inside reproduced wave form speech speak spell yes try language spell mechanic gertie looked incorrect talk dragged mother bedroom extraterrestrial picked full wave lovely center edged loneliness young willow creature mexico greater screen handsome admirer nearby looked window saw pulling driveway parking vegetable garden kindred soul loving vegetables basis extended intimate relationship dare show profile insane understand presence son closet difficult explain found mastery language correct spell nuisance mommy garden gertie hear gertie tiptoed tv turned prancing appeared eyes fashion extraterrestrial
eyes passed frozen extraterrestrial lined didn blink distraught defiled facial turned breathed sigh relief tinged melancholy love kermit frog watched leave room heart heavy disengaged strings hanging puppet toy mary closet rest stuffed freaks unhappy space spell loneliness spell rejection squatted transmitter soldered wires torch finger ironic willow creature lovely mary pined vanished husband closet close hand dwelt finest minds cosmos gazed large pumpkin stomach hanging floor saw grotesque stopped eating cookies sad asked gertie looked eyes saw dancing waterfall turned desert filled big bare cracks forever loneliest place seen blinked desert vanished picked speak spell touched keys soothing tones higher intelligence comforted language speak heart speak night soon boys shoplifting hardware store
rode bicycle basket head feet sticking lance authorities wondered stuffed elliott turned looked shoulder darkness sign lance couldn pedal bike fast okay lost lost shortcuts known lance sped night touch quarry turn sharp cut drawing tuned touch system rode maniac faster ordinary dreams red hair pressed flat jug ears sticking wheeled crazy moonlight block block elliott trail bicycle light reflectors spun patterns dark saw lance felt hot cool youth things turned shuffled played electronic games tonight tonight bike boiling power skidding turns professional rider buck teeth clicked excitement wind blew night kind bounced curbstone squealing wheels caught sight elliott ahead elliott tail reflector caught glow streetlamp edge town heading hills thought lance smiled bike zoomed beneath streetlamp swift silent commanded couldn miss trail tried beaming forehead buzzing
daydreamed father irrepressible bum mexico thought taking aerobic dancing anyway buy pair shoes surprises left wasn pretty going wrinkles added buy expensive creams fight switching vacuum cleaner realized doorbell ringing strange reason hopes soared crazy knew house crazy days door caught idea charming bum husband sake maybe sake tall dark devastating opened door short red haired elliott home minute lance sighed turned climbed stairs elliott room locked usual horrible things buy placenta cream knocked elliott boy lance tell lost elliott going tell descended stairs feeling treadmill wouldn situation thank passing stairs incredibly situation tracking upwards source jug handle ears mother taped night swivel forward defeating mother hopes knocked elliott door let want
hidden spot landing site communicator continued send constant signal space patent wasn licensed looked find public dump elliott approached felt energy powered knew pile spare parts class night fallen thing wheel clicked faintly grass kind cricket calling elliot lay grass stared star filled sky lay punk kid head filled trash starlight times moon open yellow light shimmering veil flow stars soft voice speak unintelligible word wind listened transmitter code anyway overturned umbrella shining moonlight shone inside head hear mary wondering late switched spread arms grass stars worked veils light subtle streams loveliness moving hypnotizing lay hours caught forces couldn resist forces supposed known earth shared elliott shivered cold feelings starting move cosmic loneliness gotten marrow moaned grass heavy burden earthlings ready hunger stars
entry house van keys van helmet opened door van stepped enormous hoses walked pneumatic seal unzipped entered quarantined house astounding simply astounding skeptical microbiologist talking inside air helmet voice strange wheezing face goldfish suffering shock dime store bowl stood dumbfounded area team specialists women examining tissue slides samples system system momentary numbness wearing tried cope area house team doctors working members family sample mary blood living room emergency ward environmental occurred sequestered house temperature humidity light intensity stared unable unwilling speak doctor taking michael blood pressure notice superficial creature skin color breathing hair loss evidence surface sweating hair michael apparently doctor children able establish primitive language system creature words taught talk gertie doctor snipping strand hair psychiatrist knelt taught talk speak spell psychiatrist apparently seen friend exhibit emotions
wants goes promise creature going follow whirling powers body shifting core felt enormity power ancient dragons race harnessed flame end destroy planet cried horrible fate destroy thing lovely earth cursed forever universe dragon center dancing eyes bright burning suns flaming mysteries terror conquest potent force released blowing doctors machines friend foe roof space boy unconscious call mother clung edge void thin thread energy roaring filled ears mouth dragon open awesome black tongues cosmic fire licked upward eager consume planet solar system felt envelope nature star knowledge funneling faster faster losing blood pressure pulse increase oxygen wave tak tak tell straight line zap electrical device applied chest injected adrenalin pounded drawing blank space voyager reading solid steady line heart action ceased lay dead elliott stirred strength returning moment voyager heart ceased
car wheels spun alley police cars hit places formed caravan broken pave lead car wheeled twitching eyed sergeant shot narrow corridor siren going sergeant eye working double god help lady thought steps garbage cans smoke drive goddamned clothesline week outer edge fan agents closing cutting end alleyway glowing finger pointed glowing absolute certainty elliott spun wheels jumped bike ran flight concrete steps garage michael tyler bouncing backyard shielded wooden fences sides greg foamed top step steve wings stopped took bearings shot alleyway tyler sliding michael sliding elliott stared enormous eyes revolving don let caught hear captain bids hurry danger danger danger alleyway bent gentle upward arc skimmed bicycles bearing monster high hills circuit known bikers car jockeys big vehicles line lower blocked turn start slippery rats sergeant leading left eye fluttering light faster eyelids supposed backed hoped lady dog kid sacked drunk inside wheels
clock thursday morning arthur didn feel woke wandered round room opened window saw bulldozer found slippers stomped bathroom wash toothpaste brush scrub shaving mirror pointing ceiling adjusted moment reflected bulldozer bathroom window properly adjusted reflected arthur dent bristles shaved washed dried stomped kitchen find pleasant put mouth kettle plug fridge milk coffee yawn word bulldozer wandered mind moment search connect bulldozer kitchen window big stared yellow thought stomped bedroom dressed passing bathroom stopped drink large glass water began suspect hung hung drinking night supposed caught glint shaving mirror yellow thought stomped bedroom stood thought pub thought dear pub vaguely remembered angry angry important telling telling length suspected clearest visual recollection glazed looks faces bypass found pipeline months known ridiculous took swig water sort decided wanted bypass council didn leg stand
ford stared arthur began think want horse groom house asked plaintively ford looked suddenly wicked thought struck wants knock house yes wants build re lying front bulldozer yes sure arrangement ford excuse shouted arguing spokesman bulldozer drivers arthur dent constituted mental health hazard paid looked surprised slightly alarmed arthur company yes hello called dent senses moment called ford assume sighed assume ford going staying going standing re resigned anyway don actually need lie don ford patiently actually need thought exactly need worried thought wasn making lot sense ford read actually slip pub half hour sound thought sounded perfectly potty sounds perfectly reasonable reassuring tone voice wondering trying reassure
pints bitter ford horse groom quickly end horse groom didn deserve sort treatment dignified pushed glasses nose blinked ford ford stared window looked arthur shrugged helplessly yes sir nice weather started pulling pints tried going watch match afternoon ford glanced round point looked window foregone conclusion reckon sir arsenal chance ford end yes sir looking glasses arthur lucky escape arsenal ford looked genuinely surprised frowned breathed heavily sir pints arthur smiled wanly shrugged turned smiled wanly rest pub case heard going understand smiling sitting ford bar looked looked pints swift burst mental arithmetic arrived answer liked grinned stupid hopeful grin ford re giving look
looked cabin strange monstrous shadows loomed leaped tiny flickering flame quiet breathed silent thank unruly tribe wild pleasant bunch recently employing catering staff haul fleets strict understanding suited fine loved money hardest currencies space loathed sort liked annoyed tiny piece information ford whiff hydrogen ozone carbon monoxide heard slight groan light match saw heavy shape moving slightly floor quickly shook match reached pocket found looking took ripped open shook crouched floor shape moved ford bought peanuts arthur dent moved groaned muttering urged ford shaking packet matter transference beam lost salt protein beer cushioned system bit arthur dent opened eyes dark yes ford dark light arthur dent dark light things ford found hardest understand humans habit continually stating repeating obvious nice re tall dear fallen thirty foot
howl howl gargle howl gargle howl howl howl gargle howl howl howl gargle gargle howl gargle gargle gargle howl message repeats captain speaking stop re pay attention instruments couple hitchhikers aboard hello want ally clear welcome worked hard today didn captain ship simply turn taxi service load degenerate freeloaders search party soon find put ship re lucky read poetry jump journey barnard star arrival stay dock seventy hour leave ship repeat planet leave canceled unhappy love affair don message ends noise stopped arthur discovered embarrassment lying curled small ball floor arms wrapped round head smiled weakly charming wish daughter forbid marry wouldn need ford sex appeal road accident don move added arthur began uncurl prepared jump unpleasantly drunk unpleasant drunk
poetry course worst universe worst recitation poet master poem small lump green putty found armpit midsummer morning audience died internal hemorrhaging president mid galactic arts council survived gnawing legs reported disappointed poem reception embark reading twelve book epic entitled favorite major intestine desperate attempt save civilization leaped straight neck throttled brain worst poetry perished creator paula nancy millstone jennings essex england destruction planet earth smiled slowly effect trying remember sequence muscle movements terribly therapeutic yell prisoners feeling relaxed ready callousness prisoners sat poetry appreciation chairs strapped suffered illusions regard works generally held early attempts composition part insistence accepted properly evolved cultured race thing going sheer bloody mindedness sweat stood cold ford brow slid round electrodes strapped temples attached battery electronic equipment imagery rhythmic modulators simile designed heighten experience poem sure single poet thought lost
corner robot head swung sharply wobbled imperceptibly pulled feet pounds heavier actually observer thought heroic effort cross room stopped front stare left shoulder think feeling depressed voice low hopeless god muttered slumped seat bright compassionate tone occupy mind things won droned marvin exceptionally large mind marvin warned marvin want number entry bay bring aliens surveillance microsecond pause finely calculated pitch timbre actually offense marvin managed convey utter contempt horror things human yes firmly won enjoy marvin leaped seat asking enjoy shouted marvin tolling cracked bell snapped thank marvin turned lifted flat topped triangular red eyes getting pathetically marvin fine wouldn think getting don worry lilt continued act comes naturally fine
loud clatter music flooded heart gold cabin searched radio wave bands news machine difficult operate radios operated means pressing buttons turning dials technology sophisticated controls touch sensitive merely brush panels fingers wave hand general direction components hope saved lot muscular expenditure course meant sit wanted listening program waved hand channel switched music background news announcement news heavily edited fit rhythms music news reports brought wave band broadcasting galaxy clock squawked voice saying big hello intelligent forms secret bang rocks guys course big news story tonight sensational theft improbability drive prototype ship galactic president question asking big finally flipped invented pan galactic gargle bang big recently voted worst dressed sentient known universe seventh answer asked private brain care specialist gag music swirled dived moment
ford rounded arthur angry flash eyes felt home ground suddenly began resent lumbered ignorant primitive knew affairs galaxy based gnat knew peking mean met demanded betelgeuse bloody martin smith don care arthur coldly met haven say phil shouted ford remind terrible memory species party pursued arthur yeah doubt cool arthur demanded ford arthur deterred party months ago earth england shook head tight smile london insisted arthur islington guilty start party wasn fair ford looked backward forward arthur don mean say miserable planet course breezily dropped briefly stuck fifteen didn looking gate crashed party arthur trembling anger fancy dressed party wouldn ford party persisted arthur girl look matter place smoke anyway wish stop sulking bloody planet ford
thing happened heart gold continued perfectly redesigned interior larger delicate pastel shades green blue center spiral staircase leading stood spray ferns yellow flowers stone sundial pedestal housed main computer terminal cunningly deployed lighting mirrors created illusion standing conservatory overlooking wide stretch exquisitely manicured garden periphery conservatory area stood marble topped tables intricately beautiful wrought iron legs gazed polished surface marble vague forms instruments visible touched instruments materialized instantly hands looked correct angles mirrors appeared reflect required data read outs clear reflected fact beautiful relaxing sun chair hell happened saying arthur lounging small fish pool improbability drive switch waved potted plant ford sitting spiral staircase nicely chilled pan galactic gargle hand exactly think mirrors suddenly showed image landscape scooted beneath leaped seat happened missiles astounding image appeared mirrors ford doubtfully turned bowl petunias surprised looking whale
figures wandered slowly land bits gray bits brown rest interesting look dried marsh barren vegetation covered layer dust inch thick cold clearly depressed stalked soon lost sight slight rise ground wind stung arthur eyes ears stale thin air clasped throat thing stung mind fantastic voice rattled ears sound carried badly thin atmosphere desolate hole ask ford fun cat litter felt mounting irritation planets star systems galaxy wild exotic seething didn turn dump fifteen castaway hot dog stand evidence stooped picked cold clod earth underneath worth crossing thousands light look insisted arthur don understand actually stood surface planet alien pity dump hugged shivered frowned sworn saw slight unexpected movement corner eye glanced direction ship silent hundred yards relieved later caught sight standing top ridge ground waving join
surface arthur wandered moodily ford thoughtfully left copy hitchhiker guide galaxy pushed buttons random hitchhiker guide galaxy unevenly edited book passages simply editors idea arthur supposedly relates experiences quiet young student university pursued brilliant academic career studying ancient transformational ethics wave harmonic theory historical perception night drinking pan galactic gargle increasingly obsessed problem happened bought past period painstaking research visited major centers ballpoint loss galaxy eventually quaint theory caught public imagination cosmos planets inhabited walking shades color blue planet entirely ballpoint forms planet unattended slipping quietly space knew enjoy uniquely style responding highly ballpoint oriented stimuli generally lending ballpoint equivalent theories fine pleasant suddenly claimed found planet worked driving limousine family cheap green locked wrote book finally tax exile usual fate reserved determined fools public
course known careless talk costs lives full scale problem appreciated instance moment arthur tremendous difficulty lifestyle freak opened fabric space continuum carried words infinite reaches space distant galaxy strange warlike beings poised brink frightful interstellar battle opposing leaders meeting dreadful silence fell conference table commander resplendent black jeweled battle shorts gazed leader squatting opposite cloud green sweet smelling steam million sleek horribly star cruisers poised unleash electric death single word command challenged vile creature mother creature stirred sickly broiling vapor moment words tremendous difficulty style drifted conference table unfortunately tongue dreadful insult imaginable wage terrible war centuries eventually course galaxy decimated thousand realized thing ghastly mistake opposing battle fleets settled remaining differences order launch joint attack galaxy positively identified source offending remark thousands mighty ships tore empty wastes space finally dived screaming planet happened earth due terrible scale entire battle fleet accidentally swallowed small dog
frankie thought roads walk ah benjy aha sound promising rolled phrase yes excellent sounds significant actually tying meaning roads walk forty excellent excellent fox em frankie baby performed scampering dance excitement floor lay ugly hit head heavy design awards half mile figures pounded corridor looking emerged wide open plan computer bay glanced wildly reckon ford wild guess say running computer bank wall started brought short kill zap energy bolt cracked air inches front fried small section adjacent wall voice bullhorn okay hold covered cops hissed spun crouch want try guess ford okay ford ran gangway computer banks end gangway appeared heavily armored spaced suited figure waving vicious kill zap gun don want shoot shouted figure suits fine shouted dived wide gap data process units swerved re cornered
aircar rocketed speeds excess steel tunnels led appalling surface planet grip drear morning twilight ghastly gray light congealed land velocity measure defined reasonable speed travel consistent health mental say minutes late clearly infinitely variable figure according circumstances factors vary speed absolute awareness factor handled tranquility equation result considerable stress ulcers death fixed velocity clearly fast aircar flung air deposited heart gold stood starkly frozen ground bleached bone hurled direction presumably important business shivering stood looked ship stood kappa bulbous sharklike affair slate green color smothered black letters varying degrees size letters informed cared read ship section police assigned power feeds connected unnaturally dark silent ship crew moment lying smoke filled chamber miles beneath ground curious things impossible explain define sense ship completely dead
screaming tom ladd woke fast sat bed screaming going tom bed fast looked light fell chair going ran hall ladd ladd shouted tom ran door shouted going ran drove uncle car big rolls ladd uncle dead dead ran hall stairs body tom uncle den room uncle worked tom tom lived uncle living uncle looked job uncle uncle working uncle talked tom asked tom den looked room full papers books piles books room table full papers papers floor room full things tom uncle saw uncle lying floor table papers hand mouth open chair tipped side cook room
tom uncle den looked papers books looked looked book names phone numbers uncle friends looked tried think murdered asked heart face head find working asked papers mean thought friends uncle working ask find found book looked names phone numbers find wanted tom felt called number find going uncle friends tell number friend uncle store tom called number asked woman live tom felt sad going thought try called number tom asked yes hello tom tom ladd uncle ned ladd yes met uncle ned died night heart attack bad bad
tom sat talk uncle friend penn uncle smart penn told tom working things think things thought kind things tom asked tools help kind tools saws drills tools tom asked tell let ned thing put car light waves car hitting things trees working wanted car drive sit watch wow car drive tom yes penn ned wanted kind motor wanted car gas tom asked need penn plans worked started working died tom asked knew penn working talk tom felt sad find penn radio waves ned biggest thing worked change
clock winter morning syria alongside platform aleppo stood train grandly designated railway guides taurus express consisted kitchen dining car sleeping car local coaches step leading sleeping car stood young french lieutenant resplendent uniform conversing small muffled ears visible pink tipped nose points upward curled moustache cold job seeing distinguished stranger envied lieutenant performed part manfully graceful phrases fell lips polished french knew rumors course cases general general temper grown worse worse belgian stranger england week week curious tensity things happened distinguished officer committed suicide suddenly resigned anxious faces suddenly lost anxiety military precautions relaxed general lieutenant general suddenly looked ten younger overheard part conversation stranger saved mon general emotionally white moustache trembling spoke saved honour french army averted bloodshed thank request
glance shifted side carriage end wall middle aged woman dressed black broad expressionless face german scandinavian thought german lady maid couple leaning forward talking wore english clothes loose tweed english head visible poirot shape set shoulders betrayed big turned head suddenly poirot saw profile handsome thirty odd big fair moustache woman opposite mere girl twenty guess tight fitting black coat skirt white satin blouse small chic black toque perched fashionable outrageous angle beautiful foreign looking face dead white skin large brown eyes jet black hair smoking cigarette holder manicured hands deep red nails wore large emerald set platinum coquetry glance voice elle jolie chic murmured poirot husband wife eh nodded hungarian embassy believe handsome couple poirot fellow employer sat facing poirot poirot studied unprepossessing face noting false benevolence brow small cruel eyes doubtless saw change friend expression wild animal look asked poirot nodded coffee brought rose feet started poirot finished ago
compartment class chosen presumably slightly larger size certainly gave impression crowded sitting small seat opposite corner corner window facing small dark looking snow standing preventing poirot advancing farther big blue uniform chef de train wagon lit conductor ah friend cried need window shifted seat poirot squeezed past sat facing friend expression face gave expressed furiously think clear common happened occurred asked ask snow stoppage paused sort strangled gasp wagon lit conductor passenger lies dead berth stabbed spoke kind calm desperation passenger passenger american called called consulted notes front yes monsieur wagon lit gulped poirot looked white chalk let sit faint chef de train moved slightly wagon lit sank corner buried face hands poirot certainly begin murder calamity water
ships looked designed congealed unpleasant yellow lumps edifices protruded unsightly angles disfigured looks ships case sadly impossible uglier things spotted skies reliable witnesses fact uglier ship inside look wise precisely avoid average think hideous wish born clearer minded thinker born fact average wouldn think simple minded thick willed slug brained creatures thinking cut anatomical analysis reveals brain originally badly deformed misplaced dyspeptic liver fairest thing say generally involves hurting getting angry thing don leaving job unfinished reasons job captain galactic planning council job called planet earth heaved monumentally vile body round ill fitting slimy seat stared monitor screen starship heart gold systematically scanned mattered heart gold infinite improbability drive beautiful revolutionary ship built
kettle arthur asked walked bridge instantly began wonder yelling computer talk ford thumping kicking nasty yellow lump vision screen put empty cup carrying walked hello moment flung polished marble surfaces contained instruments controlled conventional photon drive materialized beneath hands flipped manual control pushed pulled pressed swore photon drive gave sickly shudder cut arthur hey hear muttered leaped manual controls infinite improbability drive monkey spoke improbability drive gave small whines cut pure history kicking improbability drive talking monkey re upset arthur snapped ford re attack arthur let computer jammed jammed says circuits occupied power ship ford moved computer terminal wiped sleeve forehead slumped wall glared bit lip arthur boy school earth demolished play football speciality scoring goals important matches happened experience peculiar tingling round neck slowly creep cheeks heat brow
felt teetering edge madness wondered shouldn jump grandfather applies alive lose lives job think phrase pig ear comes irresistibly mind president galaxy huh muttered ancestor kind job hey president galaxy conceited blinked bewilderment hey er mean grandfather hunched figure stalked grandson tapped sternly knee effect reminding talking ghost didn feel thing president means young dead wonderfully uncluttered perspective saying wasted living yeah bitterly deep need need holes heads fifty seconds grunted ford fourth yes guy muttered ford quietly actually fact help whispered ford nodded despondently ghost saying president galaxy reason forgotten later forgotten insisted ghost yeah course forgot forget
marvin stood end bridge corridor fact small robot silver body gleamed dusty sunbeams shook continual barrage building undergoing look pitifully small gigantic black tank rolled halt front tank examined probe probe withdrew marvin stood robot growled tank afraid marvin left stop probe extended quick recheck withdrew stop roared tank marvin simply armed roared tank disbelief guess marvin tank engines rumbled gears ground molecule size electronic relays deep flipped backward forward consternation guess tank unnamed lurched corridor building continued rock shudder puzzled wanted blow building taking difficulty reached number totally anonymous unmarked doors heaved sudden jolt opened fell inside thought trouble lying beach single chair single desk single dirty ashtray undecorated office desk bit dancing dust single revolutionary form paper clip empty feeling tenuous grasp point exercise beginning slip
hundred yards separated pockmarked blasted stretch barren land imaginable landing pad sorts say scattered area ungainly hulks dozen crash landed buildings flitting buildings mind mind waiting mind directed attention air distant speck appeared surrounded ring smaller specks larger speck left hand tower hitchhiker guide galaxy office building descending stratosphere descended suddenly broke uncomfortable silence grown stood gathered towel bag job looked sitting corner sharing unspoken thoughts marvin yeah building shortly landing leave building door window luck added walked door disappearing mysteriously entered leaped tried door locked shrugged returned corner minutes later building crash landed wreckage escort fighters deactivated force beams soared air bound altogether congenial spot landed
ago thriving happy planet cities shops normal high streets cities slightly shoe shops thought slowly numbers shoe shops increasing known economic phenomenon tragic operation shoe shops shoes worse worse wear buy shod shops proliferated economy place passed believe termed shoe event horizon longer economically build shoe shops result collapse ruin famine population died kind genetic instability mutated birds seen cursed feet cursed ground vowed walk unhappy lot shook head stumbled forward plain pit aback beautiful place wonderful fishing flit evenings watch total perspective thing planet function built wanted doorstep moment dismal scream rent air shuddered guy breathed universe simply infinite universe
bar rapidly tired newt heads knocked smiles coming sync miserably happy ford re capable speech care tell photon happened small matter clear left head sobered leaving sink obscurity drink yeah want find rules universe don care meet believe cook left head watched head saying nodded true drink ford pan galactic gargle drink alcoholic equivalent mugging expensive bad head happened ford decided didn care listen ford cool mean control mean control cool want happened let say situation pocket okay ford shrugged giggled drink frothed side glass started eat marble bar top wild skinned sky gypsy approached played electric violin gave lot money agreed gypsy approached arthur sitting part bar don place arthur think creeps drink
hitchhiker guide galaxy notes disaster area plutonium rock band mind zones generally held loudest rock band galaxy fact loudest noise kind regular concert judge sound balance heard large concrete bunkers thirty miles stage musicians play instruments remote control heavily insulated spaceship stays orbit planet frequently completely planet songs simple follow familiar theme boy meets girl beneath silvery moon explodes adequately explored reason worlds banned act altogether artistic reasons commonly band public address system local strategic arms limitation treaties stopped earnings pushing boundaries pure chief research accountant recently appointed professor university recognition general special theories disaster area tax returns proves fabric space continuum merely curved fact totally bent ford staggered table arthur sitting waiting fun begin gotta food ford hi ford speak big noise boy ford waggled head sort spoke yeah say lot er yeah spending dead tax reasons sit sat
ladies gentlemen beamed wonderful yes called sort call yes comedians ask re wonderful wonderful max absolutely wonderful photon storms gather swirling crowds preparing tear red hot suns re going settle enjoy find immensely exciting terminal experience paused caught audience glittering eye believe ladies gentlemen paused tonight timing immaculate show night night word night meaning extremity endless repetition final moment restaurant rocked slowly forward brink farthest edge night audience writhing palm sickly hand voice dropped strain hear absolute end final chilling desolation majestic sweep creation extinct ladies gentlemen proverbial dropped voice lower stillness fly dared clear throat void emptiness absolute eyes glittered twinkle course desserts fine selection liqueurs band gave music sting wished wouldn didn need artist caliber
ship rocking swaying sickeningly ford tried wrest control autopilot engines howled whined tired children supermarket wild color scheme freaks love affair ship lasted minutes flight try operate weird black controls labeled black black background black light lights black let kind galactic walls swaying cabin black ceiling black seats rudimentary important trip ship designed supposed unmanned black control panel black instruments black screws held place black thin tufted nylon floor covering black lifted corner discovered foam black designed eyes responded wavelengths offered didn imagination muttered arthur marvin feeling depressed fact decor chosen honor owner sad lamented tax deductible condition ship gave sickening lurch easy pleaded arthur re making space sick sick ford re plummeting backward thank arthur think going ill ahead color place meant polite afterdinner conversation snapped arthur left controls ford figure lurched arthur
theory human beings didn exercising lips mouths shriveled months observation theory human beings don exercising lips brains start working fact theory literally true resentment insecurity neighboring races enlightened accomplished quiet civilizations galaxy punishment behavior held righteous provocative galactic tribunal inflicted cruel social diseases telepathy order prevent broadcasting slightest thought crosses minds mile radius talk loudly continuously weather aches pains match afternoon noisy place suddenly method temporarily blotting minds play host disaster area concert timing concert critical ship begin dive concert began order hit sun minutes thirty seconds climax song related light solar flares travel ship diving minutes ford completed search compartments black ship burst cabin sun loomed terrifyingly large vision screen blazing white inferno fusing hydrogen nuclei growing moment moment ship plunged onward unheeding thumping banging hands control panel
arthur turned thought mind reluctantly saw wisdom tucked put took deep breath footsteps exclaimed ford suddenly noise stomping throb pounding feet listen arthur listened noise echoed round corridor indeterminate distance muffled sound pounding footsteps noticeably louder let move ford sharply moved opposite directions ford re coming arthur re coming re re stopped turned listened intently agreed set opposite directions fear gripped directions sound getting louder yards left corridor ran angles wall ran hurried dark immensely passed gave impression getting colder colder corridors gave left dark subjecting sharp blasts icy air passed stopped moment alarm corridor louder sound pounding feet pressed cold wall listened furiously cold dark drumming disembodied feet getting badly ford shivered partly cold partly memory stories favorite mother tell mere slip ankle high stories death ships haunted hulks roamed restlessly round regions deep space infested demons ghosts forgotten crews stories incautious travelers found entered ships stories
ten seconds thought ford leaped feet futile exclaimed hundred seventy committee meetings haven discovered fire care girl strident voice examine agenda sheet agenda rock trilled hairdresser happily thank point muttered ford continued girl firmly report hairdressers fire development subcommittee today ah hairdresser sheepish look recognized galaxy meaning er tuesday ford rounding going thoughts fire development don hairdresser gave couple sticks nervously hairdresser fished track suit top handed fruits labor ford ford held curling tongs crowd applauded mind ford rome wasn burned crowd faintest idea talking loved nonetheless applauded re obviously totally naive course girl marketing product developed properly researched find want fire relate sort image crowd tense expecting wonderful ford stick nose precisely sort thing need insisted girl
mile wood arthur dent busily engrossed hear ford approach curious wide flat piece rock scratched shape large square subdivided hundred sixty smaller squares thirteen side collected pile smallish flattish stones scratched shape letter sitting morosely rock couple surviving local native arthur dent trying introduce curious concept embodied stones attempted eat bury throw rest arthur finally encouraged lay couple stones board scratched managed rapid deterioration morale creatures deterioration actual intelligence attempt egg arthur set number letters board tried encourage natives add going ford watched quietly nearby tree arthur natives shuffled letters round fit dejection scores ten triple word score look explained rules look put jawbone start try concentrate
yes asked girl shorter round faced girl art director small advertising company privations sleep night profoundly grateful fact face morning wouldn hundred identical photographs moodily lit tubes toothpaste ford happily join ford arthur wait girls looked doubtfully tall hello hello ford talk arthur eventually arthur smile ford slight pause mean asked million couldn sense saying ford matter demolished bypass arthur shrug million anyway yes wouldn idea matter dream past future arthur smiled looked worry don talk kind sense asked listen forget ford forget matters look beautiful enjoy sun green hills river valley burning trees dream pretty horrible idea destroying bypass
worn pain weak prolonged hardships undergone removed train wounded sufferers base hospital rallied improved able walk wards bask veranda struck enteric fever curse indian possessions months despaired convalescent weak emaciated medical board determined lost sending england despatched landed month later portsmouth jetty health irretrievably ruined permission paternal government spend months attempting improve kin england free air free income eleven shillings sixpence permit circumstances naturally gravitated london cesspool empire irresistibly drained stayed private hotel strand leading comfortless meaningless existence spending money considerably freely alarming finances soon realized leave metropolis country complete alteration style living choosing alternative began making mind leave hotel quarters pretentious expensive domicile
march reason remember rose earlier usual found sherlock holmes finished breakfast landlady accustomed late habits place laid coffee prepared unreasonable petulance mankind rang bell gave curt intimation ready picked magazine table attempted companion munched silently toast articles pencil mark heading naturally began run eye ambitious title book attempted show observant learn accurate systematic examination struck remarkable mixture shrewdness absurdity reasoning close intense deductions appeared fetched exaggerated writer claimed momentary expression twitch muscle glance eye fathom inmost thoughts deceit according impossibility case trained observation analysis conclusions infallible propositions euclid startling results uninitiated learned processes arrived consider necromancer drop water writer infer possibility atlantic niagara seen heard chain nature known shown single link
details observed present attention single grim motionless figure lay stretched boards vacant sightless eyes staring ceiling forty forty age middle sized broad shouldered crisp curling black hair short stubbly beard dressed heavy broadcloth frock coat waistcoat light coloured trousers immaculate collar cuffs top hat brushed trim floor hands clenched arms thrown abroad lower limbs death struggle grievous rigid face stood expression horror hatred seen human features malignant terrible combined low forehead blunt nose prognathous jaw gave dead singularly ape appearance increased writhing unnatural posture seen death forms appeared fearsome aspect dark grimy apartment looked main arteries suburban london lean ferret standing doorway greeted companion case stir sir remarked beats seen chicken clue chimed sherlock holmes approached body kneeling examined intently sure wound pointing numerous splashes blood lay round positive cried detectives course blood belongs individual presumably murderer murder committed
heart grew light saw drive son leave tell temper violent passionately fond sister closed door load lifted mind alas hour ring bell learned returned excited evidently worse drink forced room sitting daughter incoherent remark missed train turned alice face proposed fly age law stop money spare mind girl straight live princess poor alice frightened shrunk caught wrist endeavoured draw door screamed moment son arthur room happened heard oaths confused sounds scuffle terrified raise head look saw arthur standing doorway laughing stick hand don think fine fellow trouble words took hat started street morning heard mysterious death
dreary view northern slope sierra blanco eye reach stretches flat dusted patches alkali intersected clumps chaparral bushes extreme verge horizon lie chain mountain peaks rugged summits flecked snow stretch country sign bird steel blue heaven movement dull gray earth absolute silence listen shadow sound mighty wilderness silence complete heart subduing silence broad plain true looking sierra blanco sees pathway traced desert winds lost extreme distance rutted wheels trodden feet adventurers scattered white objects glisten sun stand dull deposit alkali approach examine bones large coarse smaller delicate belonged oxen fifteen hundred miles trace ghastly caravan route scattered remains fallen wayside looking scene stood fourth eighteen hundred forty solitary appearance genius demon region observer found difficult say nearer forty sixty
castaways john girl shared fortunes adopted daughter accompanied mormons end pilgrimage lucy borne pleasantly elder wagon retreat shared mormon wives son headstrong forward boy twelve rallied elasticity childhood shock caused mother death soon pet women reconciled moving canvas covered home meantime recovered privations distinguished guide indefatigable hunter rapidly gain esteem companions reached end wanderings unanimously agreed provided large fertile tract land settlers exception young johnson principal elders farm acquired john built substantial house received additions succeeding grew roomy villa practical turn mind keen dealings skilful hands iron constitution enabled morning evening improving tilling lands farm belonged prospered exceedingly neighbors rich twelve half dozen salt lake city compare inland sea distant wasatch mountains known john
active spirit shook lethargy springs despair left devote revenge indomitable patience perseverance jefferson hope possessed power sustained vindictiveness learned indians lived stood desolate fire felt thing assuage grief complete retribution brought hand enemies strong energy determined devoted end grim white face retraced steps dropped food stirred smouldering fire cooked days bundle tired set walk mountains track avenging angels days toiled footsore weary defiles traversed horseback night flung rocks snatched hours sleep daybreak sixth reached eagle canon commenced ill fated flight look home saints worn exhausted leaned rifle shook gaunt hand fiercely silent widespread city beneath looked observed flags principal streets signs festivity speculating mean heard clatter horse hoofs saw mounted riding
prisoner furious resistance apparently ferocity disposition finding powerless smiled affable manner expressed hopes hurt scuffle guess re going police station remarked sherlock holmes cab door loose legs walk light lift exchanged glances thought proposition bold holmes took prisoner word loosened towel bound ankles rose stretched legs assure free remember thought eyed seldom seen powerfully built dark sunburned face bore expression determination energy formidable personal strength vacant place chief police reckon gazing undisguised admiration fellow lodger tail caution holmes detectives drive inside doctor interest case stick assented gladly descended prisoner attempt escape stepped calmly cab mounted box whipped horse brought short destination
entering house inference confirmed booted lay tall murder murder wound dead person agitated expression face assured foreseen fate die heart disease sudden natural chance exhibit agitation features sniffed dead lips detected slightly sour smell conclusion poison forced argued forced hatred fear expressed face method exclusion arrived result hypothesis meet facts imagine unheard idea forcible administration poison means thing criminal annals cases odessa occur question reason robbery object murder politics woman question confronted inclined supposition political assassins glad fly murder contrary deliberately perpetrator left tracks room showing private wrong political called methodical revenge inscription discovered wall inclined opinion
applied taper bowl smoke bubbled merrily rose water sat semicircle heads advanced chins hands strange jerky fellow high head puffed uneasily centre determined communication address feared disregard request bring unpleasant took liberty making appointment williams able complete confidence discretion orders dissatisfied proceed matter excuse precautions retiring say refined tastes policeman natural shrinking forms rough materialism seldom contact rough crowd live atmosphere elegance call patron arts weakness landscape genuine corot connoisseur throw doubt salvator rosa question partial modern french school excuse miss request learn desire tell late desire interview short answered certainly brother bartholomew
nearly eleven clock reached final stage night adventures left damp fog city night fairly fine warm wind blew westward heavy clouds moved slowly sky half moon peeping occasionally rifts clear distance thaddeus took side lamps carriage give light lodge stood grounds round high stone wall topped broken glass single narrow iron clamped door formed means entrance guide knocked peculiar postman rat tat cried gruff voice mcmurdo surely knock grumbling sound clanking jarring keys door swung heavily short stood opening yellow light lantern shining protruded face twinkling distrustful eyes thaddeus orders master mcmurdo surprise told brother night bring friends rooms thaddeus orders stick regulations let friends stop unexpected obstacle thaddeus looked perplexed helpless manner bad mcmurdo guarantee young lady
hole roof cried course kindness hold lamp extend researches room secret room treasure found mounted steps seizing rafter hand swung garret lying face reached lamp held chamber found ten feet floor formed rafters thin lath plaster walking step beam beam roof ran apex evidently shell true roof house furniture sort accumulated dust lay thick floor sherlock holmes putting hand sloping wall trapdoor leads roof press roof sloping gentle angle number entered let find traces individuality held lamp floor saw night startled surprised look face gaze skin cold clothes floor covered thickly prints naked foot clear defined perfectly formed scarce half size ordinary
small dropped mask stoicism wild whirl words eyes blazed handcuffs clanked impassioned movement hands understand saw fury passion groundless unnatural terror possessed major learned injured convict track forget holmes quietly heard story tell justice originally side sir fair spoken thank bracelets wrists bear grudge fair board want hear story wish hold say god truth word thank put glass put lips dry born dare say find heap smalls living look thought taking look round truth credit family doubt glad steady chapel going folk small farmers known respected countryside bit rover eighteen gave trouble mess girl taking queen shilling joining buffs starting india
stopped held manacled hands whisky water holmes brewed confess conceived utmost horror cold blooded business concerned careless narrated punishment store felt expect sympathy sherlock holmes jones sat hands knees deeply interested story disgust written faces observed touch defiance voice manner proceeded bad doubt fellows shoes refused share loot knew throats cut pains fort business light court shot likely lenient story holmes shortly carried akbar fine weight short singh left guard door took place sikhs prepared distance winding passage leads empty hall brick walls crumbling pieces earth floor sunk place making natural grave left merchant covered loose bricks
earned living exhibiting poor fairs places black eat raw meat dance war dance pennies heard news lodge news hear hunting treasure waited treasure found top house bartholomew chemical laboratory look place wooden leg learned trapdoor roof supper hour manage thing easily brought rope wound round waist climb cat soon roof ill luck bartholomew room cost thought clever killing rope found strutting proud peacock surprised rope end cursed bloodthirsty imp took treasure box let slid left sign table show jewels pulled rope closed window
corner class smoking carriage justice lately retired bench puffed cigar ran interested eye political news times laid paper glanced window running glanced watch hours mind appeared papers indian island original purchase american millionaire crazy account luxurious modern house built island devon coast unfortunate fact wife american millionaire bad sailor led subsequent putting house island sale glowing advertisements appeared papers bald statement bought owen rumors gossip writers started indian island bought miss gabrielle hollywood film star wanted spend months free publicity busy bee hinted delicately abode royalty whispered bought honeymoon young lord surrendered cupid jonas knew fact purchased admiralty view carrying hush hush experiments definitely indian island news pocket justice drew letter handwriting practically illegible words stood unexpected clarity
steep hill zigzag track mere cluster cottages fishing boat drawn beach illuminated setting sun glimpse indian island jutting sea south vera surprised pictured differently close shore crowned beautiful white house house visible boldly silhouetted rock faint resemblance giant indian head sinister shivered inn stars sitting hunched elderly figure judge upright form miss brent big bluff forward introduced thought wait trip allow introduce davis natal south africa natal spot ha ha laughed justice looked wishing order court cleared miss emily brent clearly sure colonials care nip embark asked davis hospitably proposition davis turned held finger delay host hostess expecting noticed curious constraint members party mention host hostess curiously paralyzing effect guests response davis beckoning finger detached nearby wall leaning
refilled glasses moment later rogers re entered room justice took charge proceedings room impromptu court law judge rogers bottom owen rogers stared owns place sir aware fact want tell rogers shook head say sir seen faint stir room general macarthur seen yer mean week sir wife engaged letter agency agency plymouth bore nodded established firm volunteered letter letter engaging sir didn story engaged say letter yes sir arrive order plenty food stock nice needed dusting sir orders letter prepare rooms house party yesterday afternoon post letter owen mrs owen detained gave instructions dinner coffee putting gramophone record judge sharply surely letter yes sir produced pocket judge took
sherlock holmes late mornings save infrequent occasions night seated breakfast table stood hearth rug picked stick visitor left night fine thick piece wood sort known lawyer head broad silver band nearly inch james mortimer friends engraved date stick fashioned family practitioner carry dignified solid reassuring watson holmes sitting sign occupation believe eyes head polished silver plated coffeepot front tell watson visitor stick unfortunate miss notion errand accidental souvenir importance let hear reconstruct examination think methods companion dr mortimer successful elderly medical esteemed give mark appreciation holmes excellent think probability favour country practitioner deal visiting foot
circumstances connected death sir charles entirely cleared dispose rumours local superstition rise reason suspect foul play imagine death natural sir charles widower ways eccentric habit mind spite considerable wealth simple personal tastes indoor servants hall consisted married couple named husband acting butler wife housekeeper evidence corroborated friends tends show sir charles health impaired points especially affection heart manifesting colour breathlessness acute attacks nervous depression dr james mortimer friend medical attendant deceased evidence effect facts case simple sir charles habit night going bed walking famous yew alley hall evidence shows custom fourth sir charles declared intention starting london ordered prepare luggage night usual nocturnal walk course habit smoking cigar returned twelve clock finding hall door open alarmed lighting lantern search master
breakfast table cleared early holmes waited dressing gown promised interview clients punctual appointment clock struck ten dr mortimer shown young small alert dark eyed thirty age sturdily built thick black eyebrows strong face wore ruddy tinted tweed suit weather beaten appearance spent open air steady eye quiet assurance bearing gentleman sir henry dr mortimer yes strange thing sherlock holmes friend proposed coming round morning account understand think puzzles morning wants thinking able give pray seat sir henry understand say remarkable experience arrived london importance holmes joke letter call letter reached morning laid envelope table bent common quality grayish colour address sir henry northumberland hotel printed rough characters post mark charing cross date posting preceding evening knew going northumberland hotel asked holmes glancing keenly visitor
key danger paper money medium exchange measure stated dollars cents longer means says ending inflation decades leading situation says makes contracts knowing perfectly terms constant values valuable part contract turn paper written impossible term commitment commitment buyer seller employer employee lender borrower face inflation induced uncertainty human try protect matter transaction constantly demanding bit expect offering honesty disappears deception inflation eats moral values deceit begins dominate conduct economic affairs individuals businessmen political leaders opened proud nation grip cycle documentation widespread horrifying estimated million americans hold part jobs earn money don report income tax forms taxes dividends paid profits don exist shown exist accounting adjustments backed cash flows adds addition misleading stockholder public conditions push business speculative phenomenon downsizing packaging price form deception consumers encounter
suspicious superlative absolute claims insulation energy efficiency ads insulation complete contrary ads find need storm windows consumers reported homes installed called thermal windows wind conditions home site vital factor question company advertises product fully guaranteed mean re entitled money questions asked reason repeat re emphasize expect media reading seeing hearing ad questioning couldn claim window experience find company business claim thermal insulated windows cut heat loss cent ask test data claim re spending thousand dollars windows help reduce fuel bill worth fee engineer charge check claims don overlook information local public utility provide company guarantees save cent fuel bills terms conditions writing guarantee company existence constantly alert phony savings sale price regular price regular price significantly higher competition fuel oil burner devices saves energy cuts fuel costs cent soot free heating thing soot free combustion fuel oil burner documentation substantiate fuel reduction claim
constructive reaction soaring food prices enormous increase family community gardens growing vegetables fruits half million families united states cultivating gardens yards millions farms rooftops windowsills patios containers scattered apartments development significance upsurge community gardens countless groups neighbors social income levels formed operatives raise produce vacant lots plots middle big cities appalling slums wide appeal gardening preference taste fresh fruits vegetables save money hobby reason rapidly rising prime position grow trend reports official sources backyard garden measuring feet late return savings conscientious care words conscientious care hold secret green thumb standard joke suburbs small towns concerns misadventures frustrations home gardening bought pounds tomatoes supermarket cost grow yard cucumbers small shriveled looked starved depend garden fattest insects saw sure failures disappointments home gardening traced inexperience neglect disregard simple rules planting nurturing crops aim ten times amount cash investment garden says director gardens non profit organization based burlington vermont
part home improvement tale pervasive expensive deserves section termite typical illustration works truck pulls driveway introducing termite inspector informs termite problem cropped neighborhood tell found termites trees shrubs house offer inspect home free termites moved inside disappears basement later emerges frightening news house infested proof displays jar live termites says found downstairs inspector tell lucky termite problem discovered nick urges act immediately house collapses summons couple truck tells bring tankful insecticide pay number gallons actually sprayed cellar ten guarantee job later return inform job took gallons gallon termites don live trees shrubs single termite home chemical spray termite worthless termites generally live ten twenty feet underground reputable exterminators guarantee single termite control job ten hard facts termites termite control termites real menace virtually part united states
convenience key advantage local service station easily establish valuable relationship station buy gas car station regular servicing look proprietor considers service area major part gas station operation gas stations equipped complex repairs result generate customer complaints alternative independent mechanic earnings depend primarily repairs servicing ability reputation independent conveniently located gas station able repairs short notice automobile dealer complex line special tools parts dealer types muffler replacement brake lining able save money patronizing specialty shop large volume repairs areas accumulated special equipment parts expertise needed perform carefully check reputation specialty shop turn regular mechanic remember shops highly skilled selling repairs don need type establishment choose patronize repairs note mechanic owner repeat business competent honest shop want mechanics schedule regard convenience explain repairs car needs capable absorbing careful diagnosis car problem casually informing sounds cost fifty dollars fix
government studies showed newer cars driven greater distances older assuming national annual mileage average cars road miles government studies showed car miles according studies annual mileage drop car aged car ten figures purported show going miles twelve months figures true statistical average undoubtedly stem fact cars traded times car lifetime car family put times car vehicle driven farther normal auto replaced car mileage drop car sold owner drive original buyer situation highly probable considering majority detroit car output goes government business fleets smaller business car pools non personal service fleet cars regularly run miles traded soon quarter half total miles recorded trade cars bought personal traded ownership period non personal autos
pay sit uranium tunnel arthritic clinic midwest actually abandoned uranium mine buy magic spike penny worth barium chloride wear arthritis cure attempt treat painful joints bathing colored light gadget consisting light bulb plastic lampshade try help arthritis simply attaching metal disk joint placing cylinder connected cord disk cold water risk taking powerful drug developed country banned united states side effects include internal hemorrhaging mental suffering excruciatingly painful disease fact today extraordinary array nostrums devices promoted capable curing relieving arthritis tempting victims include educated ignorant poor unproved drugs devices coming country thriving underground network quackery dispensed patients americans traveling countries arthritis cures banned cases potentially legitimate treatment delayed arthritic sufferer involved quacks quacks aided fact arthritis form disease pain comes goes intermittently quack frequently claim success
term trend education qualify jobs higher higher degrees aspire top fields lower lower esteem college educated individual rising educational requirements reflect real job requirements merely creeping specifically bureau labor statistics estimates demand professionals increase rate demand rises workers estimates number college graduates entering job market exceed million kinds jobs college traditionally filled means large numbers college graduates downgrade expectations fact demand paraprofessionals soared health education law environmental fields number colleges job training opportunites points overlooked underrated oversupply ph balanced real shortages skilled craftsmen technical support personnel areas pushed limits scientific academic knowledge tended craftsmanship dropouts took carpentry pottery rediscover working hands deeply satisfying educators economists realize urgent need give status manual talents pay craftsmen electricians carpenters plumbers compete high paying white collar jobs society viewed craftsmen mean guidance counselors stop encouraging students college
million jobholders united states closed alarmingly high proportion deeply discontented everyday lives despite fringe benefits pay hikes company attempts provide atmosphere team effort company parties picnics continued feel restless alienated extras meaningless spend hours activity find boring frustrating real say assigned sense opinions recommendations welcomed respected management lose interest concern cartoon appeared ago heart problem shows company president seated desk talking employee caption president saying live democracy perkins operate authoritarian regime problem involves unhappy workers spreads fundamental issue increasing productivity prime essential curbing inflation promoting economic stability land discontented employees drain efficient running business successful organization important asset largest single budgetary expense businesses goal cost pay answers giving employees active real participation management decisions regarding jobs cog wheel industry moving slowly goal europe management widely
signs pointing substantial continuing moderation procreation reason postponing marriages shortening childbearing women attending college longer periods taking full jobs powerful force slowing population growth rate submit high cost babies bringing news baby costs kind spiraling upward primarily obstetricians fees hospital charges addition going expensive nursery supplies baby equipment steep increases according health insurance institute neared total cost baby passed mark included costs baby week home biggest expense course hospital care late single short term general hospital cost average hospital stay maternity cases days delivery room nursery room charges items count extras biggest cost layette baby easily total layette includes basic wardrobe baby full range nursery items baby furniture bathing equipment biggest item medical care covering obstetricians services offered complete package delivery hospital stay fee cost pediatrician newborn baby care baby hospital obstetricians charge charge finally cost typical maternity wardrobe calculated health insurance institute
young army veteran wife babies recently turned mortgage needed buy home eastern texas reason information local credit bureau showed bad credit risk astonished veteran visited credit bureau discovered reason credit troubles wife run lot unpaid bills prior divorce veteran explained separation agreement estranged wife signed full ran bills legally responsible debts credit record wrongly damaged credit record cleared mortgage needed ease americans open charge account credit card bank loan directly dependent files credit bureaus united states large numbers local merchants associations virtually borrower bureaus freely exchange information sell retailers banks lenders credit card companies corporations credit report surely obtained apply job insurance credit consumer credit reporting industry processes million credit reports computerized credit reporting company says maintains million files enters million pieces information individuals month services subscribers maintains individuals open accounts credit performance reported credit bureaus rate bad credit risk
guidelines give wide range acceptable debt levels fact high low depending income obviously family high income bracket low expenses basics shelter food essentials easily able afford guidelines discretionary income approach low home income bracket extremely high expenses basics home tuition costs fixed monthly charges formula permitting spend discretionary amount installment payments high real test involves planning figuring actual expenses outlays past outlays basics reflect pattern spending high commutation costs expensive hobby steep charges medical dental attention regardless installment debt decide comfortably incur save substantial portion income month cent home pay borrowing emergency fund bank insurance program regular savings plan build retirement income nest egg ideal course fewer fewer families able meet fundamental economic facts finally deciding debt family handle ask stable family breadwinner job income chance occupation area
map topographical map give tremendous amount information piece land show natural features ground coverage swamps lakes streams deserts features roads power lines dams cultivated land towns building check united states geological survey map proper section studying map times prior visiting site prepared efficient site examination plan spend site couple visits times weekend concentrate critical features drainage winds layout planned buildings septic tanks water sites adjacent lots plan pretty view secondary consideration nearby property similar view sure buy sold land developers offer bargains assume real estate salesman tell negative characteristics property looking ask questions evaluate answers pursue independent inquiry test real estate salesperson letting talk ask questions clear forthcoming answers replies concur information independent parties give credit honest real estate salesperson bargains rarely advertised land exception worse retail purchases bigger land developer promotion bargain getting
accurate appraisal asset mentioned chapter imperative protection certainly case re selling buying taxes stake estate values involved vast area appraisers organized educated monitored need services find select leading nationwide testing certifying appraisal societies united states estimated members tested certified professionally expert experienced addition national regional local groups represent appraisal practitioners non organized non practitioners early united states appraisers trained monitored mainly major societies house training government agencies seminars guidelines tests similar learning tools prepared educational leaders code ethics published enforced societies states bother monitoring appraisers states license certify register appraisers personal property appraising equipment utilities couple specifically license real estate appraisers growing awareness stimulating appraisers look seriously taking steps improve educational monitoring public service programs washington headquartered american society appraisers involved nationwide effort create united states valuation sciences degree program education appraisers colleges universities
american adult legal problems cent adult americans consulted lawyer additional cent talked lawyer according american bar association report late law schools graduating thirty thousand lawyers millions simply find lawyer utterly lawyers specialize handling types problems prices prime reason supreme court decision striking local bans lawyers advertising result facts lawyers availability specialties fees tv radio newspaper magazine advertisements significant result development legal clinics supermarket law firms specialize offering routine legal services cut rate prices neared thousand clinics operation country springing located shopping centers offer services evenings saturdays handle clients concentrate simple matters divorces personal bankruptcy cases uncomplicated wills fees lower individual lawyers big law firms practicing lawyers reluctant advertise resistance undoubtedly whittled prominent firms plunge bar associations begun set advertising budgets stimulate business profession encourage widespread lawyers services
big horse sniffed cool spring air whinnied happily clear silvery april morning fine morning running horse feel snorted high spirits ran end paddock turned head direction track kicked heels cleared fence lit knew didn stood waiting feeling pale warmth sun sniffing air sweet fresh spring water nibbling grass drenched dew soon exercise boy saddle put place ready minute hit track horse knew morning rider going give head let run wished loved stretch pounded faster strides strengthening lengthening faster faster fast wanted holding running race thing chance run race meantime ran joyously stop stop breathing light steady felt running tiring breaking rhythm running mornings row leaned fence watched run horse morning left fence horse exercise boy barn
bones told ugly homely born called ugly look hours talked asked dam beautiful fair empress sire handsome mcgee produce scarecrow foal looks built kindling wood bones maybe grow bones hopefully suggested kind bones bones began calling bones foals names names star velvet bay beauty blaze pet names admiration bones homely poor homely foal looked going try looking put paddock rubbed curried brushed special fatten groom brushing pearly gates mud fence look look saratoga sold weeks later saratoga waiting scared facing biggest crowd seen heard homely looks built tent poles look say banged gavel yelled sold
bones understand workouts sun running horse racing soon realized cared finished fact exercise boy held sun run ahead exhilaration race exercising known workouts ran care fast slowly run distance puzzling bones known sun wasn eager high strung colt creature moods run fast wind wanted bones sure suddenly bones realized job sun want run encourage urge sun lot teasing bones part try sun temperamental raced ran neck neck ran bones stayed length urging thunder hooves times bones stayed sun slowed bored bones plunged ahead spurring favorite lead henry watched scarcely daring believe saw workout exercise boy riding bones slow stretch sun pass sir boss
minutes ten minutes called telephone ask heard happened jane alice listen call betty heard happened heard phrased call call picked telephone began relaying message connie jane conrad alice called says happened part official wife tiptoeing blindfolded subject barely twenty jane conrad knew subject talked young setting imminent enlightenment picture presented jane tall slender rich brown hair high cheekbones wide brown eyes looked actress jean father rancher southwestern texas east college mawr met husband pete debutante party mills club philadelphia senior princeton pete short wiry blond boy joked lot moment face likely break wild grin revealing gap front teeth hickory kid sort hickory kid deb circuit air energy confidence ambition joie de jane pete married days graduated princeton
navy addition stages air force trainees waiting ocean grim gray slab deck aircraft carrier difficult routine military flying carrier landings shown films heard lectures knew carrier landings hazardous practiced touching shape flight deck painted airfield instructed touch gun safe shape didn move terrible things let say soul shape damned small candidates washed left warning remained ocean days reckoning slab clear wind calm sea carrier steady air resting pilings candidate carrier landing successfully relief young candidates looked terrific aviators point actually standing carrier deck began wonder proper stuff training film flight deck grand piece gray geometry perilous sure amazing abstract shape looks screen
pilots thirties consternation wives children mothers fathers employers volunteered active reserves fly combat korean war godforsaken frozen chosen simple half fliers trained war seen combat understood course reach top pyramid going combat morale foot soldiers korean war bad actually reached point officers prodding forward gun barrels bayonets air fighter jock heaven mainly air force producing aces pilots shot planes fast koreans chinese soviet mig fight fighting stopped thirty air force aces accounted total kills fifty lost high spirits lads chronicled adventures creamy romanticism flying treated days frank luke von war colonel harrison shot korea german japanese planes war glowed excalibur fourth fighter wing olden knights pilots ride north korea yalu river sun glinting silver aircraft streaming challenge numerically superior enemy fight
wright patterson air force base psychological stress testing air secrecy pronounced wright patterson testing groups billeted bachelor officers quarters call base refer number conrad number needed car place appointment supposed ring car pool say number need car testing hand respecting fighter jock expect gave candidate oxygen mask partial pressure suit put air pressure chamber reduced pressure altitude feet simulated feel entire body squeezed thongs force breath order bring oxygen lungs part stress fact didn tell stay put small pitch black windowless room sensory deprivation chamber locked door telling stay turned hours strapped huge human apparatus vibrated body tremendous amplitudes bombarded high energy sound excruciating frequencies put console machine called idiot box
scott surprised found competition astronaut bowed big league competition ago hundred hours flying jets accumulated course flight test training candidates fifteen hundred twenty hundred days wright pat prospects begun look promising amazing thing scott going superb physical condition outset believed sheer physical condition vital importance gymnast university colorado terrific shoulders deltoid muscles bulging high relief thick strong neck absolutely lean perfectly formed chest south sea pearl diver fact deal scuba diving torso tapered captain america comic strip complained tests wright patterson didn bother scott slightest moment triumph night scott called rene tell exceptionally pleased things going test lung capacity candidate sat table blew tube tube led instrument column mercury idea hold column mercury designated level pressure breath record informed ninety seconds
beginning astronaut business unbelievable deal deal tempting fate astronaut call astronaut official job description didn refer astronauts say astronauts say fellows pilots calling astronaut combat ace going describing occupation combat ace thing unbelievable deal astronaut honorific champion superstar word infinite variety goodies project mercury bringing goodies crass sense things feel including things soul stretches bury training blissful isolation rugged bare boned isolation low rent surroundings settings resembled hallowed edwards days pioneer spirit money buy pitching working endless hours rank meant didn inclination sit usual complaints government entering healthy exhaustion isolation lead balcony fighter jocks secretly dreamed walked multitudes pope happened
glorification astronauts gotten control science project mercury supposed scientific enterprise pure scientists ranked engineers ranked test subjects experiments ranked low seldom thought test subjects national heroes created zone awe reverence set foot physicist biologist doctor psychiatrist engineer mere attendant outset understood didn require comment astronauts test subjects experiment mercury adaptation air force space soonest concept attach human subject seal capsule propel space artillery shell bring earth completely automatic guidance novemeber months astronauts chosen randy scott crossfield presented paper aerospace medical biomedical research sole purpose ride astronaut board concerned added space vehicle proposed require highly trained pilot involved project crossfield ax grind saying perfectly obvious engineer knew difference ballistic space vehicles short astronaut project mercury pilot conventional definition
starting point called incident soviet surface air missile knew soviets created weapon shot american cia spy plane flown air force pilot named francis gary powers khrushchev incident humiliate president eisenhower summit conference paris election course main contenders lyndon johnson john kennedy began citing soviets superiority rockets means attacking eisenhower administration soviets mighty integral began pouring earnest series huge ton cosmic carrying dummy cosmonauts dogs obviously system powerful sophisticated put orbit nasa unable original schedule manned ballistic flight couldn deliver finished capsule test rocket launches public events bad worse july nasa brought astronauts hundreds vips cape canaveral highly publicized test mercury atlas vehicle mercury capsule atop atlas rocket atlas pounds thrust manned orbital flights mercury flights smaller redstone july dark rainy lift mighty rocket spectacular earth rumbled underfoot rocket rose slowly columns flame terrific show
astronaut headquarters base cape building known hanger hanger rebuilt inside house procedures trainer pressure chamber facilities astronaut need final preparations flight suite rooms living quarters dining room medical examination room ready room astronaut put pressure suit special doorway astronaut van driven launch pad boys seldom stayed overnight preferring motels cocoa beach course hanger flight fact creatures hanger fully procedures trainer rocket launch chimpanzees chimpanzees hanger morning inauguration told alan shepard won competition flight chimpanzees ready flight weeks veterinarians air force base cut original field forty chimpanzees eighteen finally males females flown cape installed hanger fenced compound middle narrow trailer units foot wide trailers hooked end end assortment trailers vans including special transfer van carrying chimpanzee hanger rocket launch pad press invited trailer park gent interested
knew ride practically prepare re entry earth atmosphere descending arc mortar shell ground starting countdown firing rockets slow capsule re entry atmosphere need flight capsule going event cannonball essential orbital flights flight supposed test system rockets fired automatically didn move finger muffled rocket firing loud noise kitchen humming whining riding backward facing florida rocket firing drove backward seat force sudden transition wasn centrifuge centrifuge jerked point instant weightless knew pumping brakes slowed capsule soon forces start building build gradually knew interval exactly point explosive device supposed rigs held rockets heard dull explosions capsule saw straps rig window feel twist torque rocket nozzles corrected automatically
soon cox pilot pulled grissom helicopter bad looked funny gasping breath shaking eyes darting found looking mae west preserver grabbed started trying strap hell shaking arms fly straps fly engines terrific noise heading carrier grissom struggling straps obviously thought going crash moment thought going drown gasped battled mae west carrier hell happened blown hatch lead helicopter hook floundered ocean preparing abandon ship goddamned helicopter perfectly calm sunny morning bermuda carrier randolph grissom calmed bit sort awed faces welcomed alan shepard craning helicopter grissom noticed head dark cloud deck shaking saying didn damned thing blew hour started preliminary debriefing grissom saying didn lying blew couple hours later formal debriefing grand bahama island grissom calmer looked exhausted drawn
flight success things considered thing bothered nasa sciences animal blood pressure badly elevated run pulse rate normal watching lights pulling levers efficiency sort morbid unforeseen effect prolonged weightlessness astronauts earth orbit going candidates apoplexy veterinarians hastened reassure number er enos registered high blood pressure readings nature beast nasa folk nodded systolic goddamned high privately situation scientists thinking space flight readings gotten number past cuff reliable mistaking readings catheters flight inserted number wasn aware giving true readings blood pressure stresses flight took flight utmost heart respiratory rates body temperatures actually readings obtained centrifuge runs fact blood pressure theory implications earth space beginning form number smartest prince lower primates swallowed rage past thanks operant conditioning process begun pumping arteries heartbeat blow eardrums
greatly simplified matters wives denied confronted topic wives original reacted arrival wives precisely service wives classic told story service wives concerned wives group navy pilots transferred base commander designated give wives orientation lecture says ladies rearrange rank highest ranking wives sitting row rear takes fifteen minutes women sort change seats process completed commander fixes stern glare says ladies want witnessed ridiculous performance seen entire military career allow inform matter husbands rank whatsoever equals kindly remember conduct dealing end story wives stared instructor looks utter single mind idiot planet stationed inexpressible provisions military wife compact known
nineteenth orbit started getting readings force buildups capsule begun re entry sure capsule started rolling re entry order increase stability automatic control system begun re entry sequence capsule orbit slowed slightest electrical system orbit twentieth capsule lost attitude readings meant cooper line manually re entry orbit twenty automatic control system completely re entry cooper establish capsule angle attack hand horizon point reference hold capsule steady axes pitch roll hand controller fire rockets hand meantime electrical malfunction oxygen balance carbon dioxide started building capsule inside cooper suit helmet things beginning stack sod hut drawl sounded airline pilot slipped seemingly mid air collisions finding midst radar fuse control tower says intercom ladies gentlemen busy cockpit making final approach pittsburgh want opportunity thank flying american hope real soon generation coming earth orbit cooper
certainly comprehend meaning role astronaut president lyndon johnson proved proponent space program predecessor due partly political genius james webb congress swung gave nasa blank check missions moon fact remained cold war manned scheduled start gemini program mercury astronauts begin feel change public attitude matter groups astronauts follow feel change able put words feeling gentle slither mantle glory sliding shoulders cooling effect oceans tears drying single combat warriors war removed continue honored continue awed courage astronaut parade broadway traffic policemen wept intersections astronaut perceived protector risking battle heavens american walk moon outpouring primal emotions shepard cooper glenn known era america single combat warriors relived
kinds sentences purposes sentences give information sentences ask information capital letter begin word sentence declarative sentence sentence makes statement period end declarative sentence interrogative sentence sentence asks question question mark end interrogative sentence read sentence porpoises leap sea blue whales leap sentence declarative makes statement sentence interrogative asks question sentences give commands polite requests request command subject understood stated sentences express strong feelings imperative sentence sentence command makes request period end imperative sentence exclamatory sentence sentence expresses strong feeling exclamation mark end exclamatory sentence read sentence explanation parentheses follows protect animals sentence command protect animals sentence makes request graceful porpoises sentence expresses strong feeling commands express need exclamation mark examples commands help hurry stop exclamations complete sentences incomplete sentences conversation look examples interjections word group words expresses strong feeling exclamation mark
joke begins punch line lines joke organized sequence order true sequence paragraph remember paragraph talks main idea topic sentence beginning middle end paragraph detail sentences paragraph tell main idea sequence paragraph describes series events write sequence paragraph arrange events order tell events actions happened order words tell sequence events order words finally presently soon shortly read paragraph notice underlined order words friend mine tried coax skunk cellar scattered trail bread crumbs cellar stairs entrance closed inside door sure entrance open night morning checked cellar found skunk bread crumbs cellar skunks decided lay plank stairs clumsy climbers able walk planks cellar sentence paragraph topic sentence detail sentences give information main idea order words help events clear
decided hold meeting poor find regain freedom huge monster grew thirsty drank usual manner sea poured forcefully flee ships haste swim drowned hours later low tide gathered begged captain accepted immediately told plan proposed join masts single mast tall monster mouth ready drink wedge mast mouth forcing jaws stay open ships escape shouted approval chose hundred strong join masts sooner chance monster opened jaws drank vast quantity ocean moment stomach afloat hundred strong brought boats able place top double mast roof mouth end quickly firmly tongue ships ninety vessels nation floating ship leave duty sure ten thousand left escaped gained open ocean monster jaws snapped crash splintering masts toothpicks
jobs considered acceptable women considered acceptable women nurses teachers secretaries airplane pilots doctors police officers believe nurses maybe think women police officers write editorial tells opinion changing jobs women think job feel women write topic sentence states opinion women police officers write detail sentences tell women job sentence reason read editorial topic sentence main idea clearly detail sentence give reason opinion choose verbs express meaning exactly indent word paragraph capitalize punctuate correctly today women winning fame sports limited jockey robyn smith racing car driver janet guthrie women led competing demanding sports interest running exercise competition increased dramatically past women joggers marathon runners familiar sight roads country today freedom develop athletic potential future women competing successfully professional amateur sports
television radio strong influence lives learn news weather fashions language hear television radio television radio fastest effective means communicating millions halloween eve wells science fiction story war worlds nationally broadcast radio play science fiction writing scientific information create imaginary situations play martians invading united states presented newscast thousands tuned play believed real news broadcast news article describes impact war worlds radio audience radio dramatization wells war worlds thousands misunderstood news broadcast current catastrophe jersey created unbelievable scenes terror york jersey south west san francisco clock night panic started announcer suddenly interrupted program dance orchestra part dramatization flash imaginary bulletin mysterious meteor struck jersey lighting heavens miles seconds later announcer flashed tidings weird monsters swarming mass metal meteor tube car mars destroying hundreds death ray guns waiting details thousands listeners rushed homes york jersey towels faces protect gas invader supposed spewing
pronouns replace nouns subjects nouns direct objects sentences pronouns place possessive nouns possessive noun noun names possessive pronoun word place possessive noun read sentences notice possessive noun tell pronoun replaces kim reading kim book kim reading book nouns show possession pronouns show possession pronouns special forms show possession forms possessive pronouns form noun show possession ownership form stands sentence chart lists forms possessive pronouns notice noun stand notice noun word stand read sentence note forms pronouns differ book book mine book book book book find possessive noun exercise tell possessive pronoun replace tell possessive pronoun noun stands jim book legends book belonged jim father jill reading book red book jill jill books table boys books boys books library tom read story monsters book tom monster breathed fire monster nostrils find possessive noun exercise write possessive pronoun replace write noun possessive pronoun noun write stands possessive pronoun stands
want obtain information complaint place order perform tasks phone write business letter letter written record business letter express clearly politely style business letter style friendly letter business letter briefer formal letter include information read business letter notice parts business letter heading business letter friendly letter includes writer address date write heading upper corner page forget commas address date write address person company receiving letter include zip code put inside address left margin letter writing company greeting dear company writing person dear dear mrs dear ms put colon greeting body letter business clear polite letter complaint complain politely remember indent paragraphs correct closing business letter truly truly place comma closing letter write full closing type letter sign ink type signature
words serve part speech depending location sentence words pronouns sentence adjectives demonstrative pronouns adjectives describe nouns look group sentences sentences underlined words pronouns place nouns look group sentences story took place alaska animals needed food moose town grew alarmed sentences underlined words adjectives describe nouns answer question sentences underlined words called demonstrative words demonstrate point person thing talked point things point things distance note describe singular nouns describe plural nouns add demonstrative personal pronoun replace demonstrative word tell underlined word pronoun adjective unusual event event took place moose lived forest caused problems food supply unusual conditions herds animals moved neighborhoods anchorage moose rarely seen forest changed cold winter
information find reference works form graphs tables maps information writing reports graph diagram shows thing relation graph shows relationship bars lines dots look graph shows population changed period numbers left side graph represent town population numbers bottom represent gain information reading table table orderly arrangement facts figures look table martin family table compare living expenses table lists items expense amounts map representation geographical area map symbols tell facts area legend explains symbols map look legend farming resource map suppose fe appears green portion map legend explains fe means iron ore found forest graph table map legend pages answer questions population martin family spend food yellow portion map mean graph table map legend pages write answer question
organization important part composition decided details include composition need organize developing outline outline main ideas composition written roman numerals ii supporting details main idea written letters roman numeral addition making outline develop thesis statement thesis statement sentence summarizes main ideas outline expresses central idea entire composition thesis statement begins paragraph paper outline composition entitled baseball game main ideas composition roman numerals ii outline phrase thesis statement outline baseball game played performed bat field details belong outline paragraph composition entitled tests tell details organized tell thesis statement phrased read group main ideas outline write thesis statement summarizes main ideas enjoy stories surprise endings enjoy stories interesting characters scouting offers chance outdoors scouting enables achievement step gardening buying seeds step gardening planting seeds step gardening watering seeds
writers events lives subjects stories louisa alcott book women author model main character jo march unit read paragraph invincible louisa biography louisa alcott paragraph explains miss alcott created jo character thoughts feelings read passage women notice author describes jo real power book centers jo louisa author dreamed making louisa honest opinion humble slightest effort dress counterpart semblance conventional heroine picture jo farthest thing removed flattery told frankly drawback appearance nature round shoulders awkwardness thorny moods headlong mistakes quick flashes temper jo lovable words real real louisa understood rest stands background louisa magnificent character truthful study intention splendid figure short afternoon wore errands meg mother busy needlework beth amy tea hannah finished ironing called slap bang jo
key written report set organized notes based careful research guidelines help effective notes find main ideas source identify supporting details concerning main idea write notes top write book article author source magazine newspaper article include date published issue volume number phrases write main ideas headings write main idea supporting details separate indent supporting details main idea want exact direct quotation source put quotation marks beginning end quotation include author title source number page quotation appears read paragraphs phrase notes australia strange native animals marsupials kangaroo koala bear carry young pouches platypus lays eggs furry body webbed feet bill duck birds include sounds donkey fly run miles kilometers hour jump feet meters higher air native plants wildflowers called called kangaroo paws
noun word names person place thing idea tired cowboys led horses pasture dinner sang song beauty sunset open range common noun noun names person place thing idea pony galloped road clouds float sky proper noun noun names special person place thing idea horses arabia breed named justin morgan singular noun noun names person place thing idea ballad tells story cowboy cowboy sings sad song plural noun noun names person place thing idea cowboys wore special boots spurs heels leather chaps protected legs rough winds possessive noun noun names call saddle cowboy home charles russell paintings show scenes cowboy collective noun names group individuals noun singular meaning speak group acts unit noun plural meaning mean show member group acts individual audience performers rodeo audience leave rodeo times predicate noun noun follows linking verb tells subject tall cowboy winner national champion
present perfect tense verb names action happened indefinite past names action started past happening present art greece inspired dancers centuries dancers classical art inspiration past perfect tense verb names action happened past action pictures nature greek characters inspired ms duncan imitated freedom movement expression greeks present progressive tense verb names action progress dancers seeking interpretations greek art performers creating forms expression dance past progressive tense verb names action happening progress past isadora duncan offering style dance dancers criticizing form dance es form present tense verb agrees number singular subject subject singular noun dancer performs audience dances partner performance watches leap stage plural form verb present tense parts compound subject connected dancer musician entertain comedian actor perform form verb agrees number closer subject parts compound subject connected
words adjectives syllables form comparative superlative add er syllable adjectives adjectives er added view lake lovelier tree ground lake suitable picnics area beautiful lake present participle past participle adjective describes noun pronoun sparkling lake pleasing pleased girls leave lake demonstrative word adjective describes noun sentence girls enjoyed picnic view trees lovely predicate adjective adjective follows linking verb describes subject tells subject picnics fun relaxed picnics bad adjectives linking verbs badly adverbs action verbs adjective describing health sunny picnic cloudy skies bad feel fresh air warm sunshine adverb word describes verb adjective adverb stood silently carefully studied problem adverb emphasizes intensifies adjective adverb called intensifier
read book find discover look speak languages ways living things contribute live history happens past affects beliefs ways things passed generation generation book trace human history noting changed stayed compare dress speak explore customs religious beliefs things ways dressing speaking acting believing culture human group society culture small large ways culture book read cultures regions societies culture group created civilization word civilization basically means city society created cities created civilization order build cities need things city move large amounts building materials place place words tools word technology support city complex economy buy sell trade need want group decisions affect city order solve problems choices need government officials needed carry government decisions
civilization beginning southern mesopotamia land sumer mesopotamian civilization source inventions ideas neighboring lands contributions remain today early settlers sumer important invention wheel wheel early moved heavy objects placing logs rolled wheels slices tree trunks sumerians wheels attaching planks later covered rims copper studs wheels longer invention wheel wheeled cart wheeled carts usable middle east domesticated animals pull heavy loads oxen pull lumbering carts invented wheeled carts important development sumer farmers lived foothills depended rainfall water crops farmers moved valley water tigris euphrates rivers irrigate crops rivers wild times flooded land carrying crops villages sumerians flood worst natural disaster loss harvest floods meant starvation sumerians built canals water raising devices water fields dry summer built dikes control flooding waters spring hold water lakes drained marshland turn farmland learned control waters depended
pyramids built valley giza largest pyramids called pyramid built tomb pharaoh mighty pyramid looms feet high sides feet base covers acres ha pyramid blocks limestone stones finely cut today impossible slip sheet paper pyramid took build sharing valley giza pyramids sphinx huge statue body lion head head modeled pharaoh khafre pyramid tomb nearby sphinx stands feet high forearms extends feet middle kingdom saw rise importance middle class egypt middle class formed nobles peasants members middle class traders jobs pharaoh government scribes members middle class owned land built houses mud brick houses enclosed high walls walls courtyards fish ponds gardens animal pens special buildings grinding grain baking bread cooking middle kingdom capital egypt thebes nile river thebes pharaohs began construct temples honor amon chief god thebes
drew alongside miltiades spartan runner stumbled miltiades saw grimace pain running finish line collapsed miltiades win miltiades crowned victor olive wreath fallen ran miltiades win race remained silent spartans carried societies miltiades grew athens sparta represented opposite views greece classical age lasted sparta settled warriors defeated enslaved region slaves greatly outnumbered spartan masters treated slaves harshly spartans lived constant fear slaves rebel fear part caused spartans protect forming military society spartan boys entered army training age young spartan lived military camps age allowed homes spartan soldiers proud obedience discipline war fight wounded wearing red clothing wounds show spartan women strong highly disciplined competed contests wrestling running political power sparta hands council elders officials called kings assisted governing power wars sparta assembly limited power important task spartan government maintain strong army
story aeneas legends romans told beginning city legend rome begun twin brothers named romulus remus brothers legend abandoned bank tiber babies lives saved mother wolf romans believed romulus found city named legend romulus remus tells important romans twins grew wilderness ancient romans proud power survive romans courage reliance helped build rich reaching civilization story shows romans faith future romulus supposed proclaim romans heaven rome capital ancient romans believed idea actually believed story real beginnings rome dramatic legends latins groups italy established farming village tiber river called etruscans lived alongside latins central italy etruscans sea traders traded greeks established colonies sicily southern italy traded kingdoms asia peoples northern africa etruscan kings ruled early rome provided link greeks latins introduced greek customs ideas asia middle east cultures important developing roman civilization
hurry hurry hurry greatest show ancient roman empire race finish chariots colors gladiators fight wild beasts differences circus today circus ancient rome built arena roman circus generally considered forerunner modern circuses roman circus mainly race course raced chariots pulled highly trained horses honored superstar athletes today earned money roman senators roman circuses huge sports arenas circus maximus held times size american football field doorways julius caesar circus maximus built enjoyment rome roman political figure increase popularity proposed building sports arena admission circus maximus free arena called colosseum smaller structure capable housing producing spectacular events public pay admission colosseum sesterces pennies romans trained fighters called gladiators fighting fighting wild animals lions leopards tigers floor colosseum flooded water sports boat pageants held romans holidays days governments offices businesses closed portion population attend games circus maximus colosseum
official announcement february charles prince wales marry lady diana spenser july future king england chosen future queen britain nations greeted news cheers anticipation wanted part excitement stories photographs filled magazines newspapers key rings shirts imaginable souvenir lined shelves shop counters wedding finally arrived knew sense took part satellites transmitted live television coverage event corner earth royal wedding put industry england event history royal families europe royal families royalty exist modern kings queens countries longer governed kings queens members royal families important positions countries queen denmark considers role queen important job representative country person denmark look guidance queen netherlands feels working mother divides serving country raising children today princes dukes princesses lords ladies jobs lead lives similar titles prince member royal family japan successful journalist france duke orleans publishes art magazine brother prince runs art gallery
remember ancient greeks gave idea democracy word greek demos means means rule democracy rule greek democracy pure democracy citizen meet laws today nations type democracy citizens elect representatives laws decisions government type representative republic important question ask political system governs single person small group government ruled king queen monarchy word monarchy means rule king queen born power rules english monarchy england nearly ruled king queen elizabeth reigned england famous monarchs queen elizabeth rule parliament helped nation laws powerful members parliament nobles chosen queen english queen shared power parliament doubted ruled england queen elizabeth england peace declare war reward friends punish enemies queen elizabeth unlimited power modern times monarchies britain countries political systems nations longer believe leaders born rule britain parliament lawmaking body prime minister chief leader britain continues monarchs longer rule attend ceremonies perform public duties
ghana mali songhai largest empires early africa rain forest west african coast contained empire benin kingdom kanem bornu grew central grasslands lake chad lasted longer songhai empire times powerful cities east africa coast grew rich trade sea grassland empires trade desert southeastern africa empire built stone fortress zimbabwe powerful kingdoms flourished parts africa middle sixteenth century benin largest kingdom west african kingdoms visitors europe marveled capital city called benin visitor praised capital broad streets clean built houses king palace apartments galleries big town edo benin lived mouth niger river southern nigeria located trade land sea merchants benin traded cotton cloth pepper animal skins copper fine clothes goods north africa benin famous art especially metal sculptures brass bronze brass plaques decorated palace benin king plaques pictured glories benin past showed daily benin grassland empires ways unlike mali songhai benin shaped muslim ideas benin religion benin governed ways grassland rulers
elephants found africa asia asian elephant african elephant unlike african elephants asian elephant domesticated tamed elephants act animals horses oxen asian countries india sri lanka burma elephants important trained haul loads light bundles straw heavy logs elephants trunks elephants trunk actually upper lip nose combined muscles trunk elephant pour water dust care young sniff food water elephant smell water miles km important needs drink gallons water believed elephant forgets elephant reputation memory comes fact elephants especially asian females easy train learn quickly forget learned intelligence elephant makes popular circus performer india elephant headed god god intelligence shows respect held animal cunning elephants charming gentle companions nobles common alike countries elephants animals job minding children king henry ii france elephant queen elizabeth england animals main attraction parties
china lies himalaya mountains central asia pacific ocean china largest country mountains deserts plateaus cover thirds land lofty peaks west mountain ranges extend eastward fingers mountains river basins river basins china live north china lie high plateaus mongolia area dry cold winds give northern china severe winters lack rain makes northwest china suitable nomadic herders east china pacific ocean tropical summer rainstorms driven monsoons heavy rains rice farming southern china monsoons flooding china major rivers chinese deal terrible floods brought death millions river huang ho responsible deaths called china sorrow centuries natural boundaries prevented outsiders interfering china growth shut mountains deserts seas chinese developed unique culture land easy task dry mountainous windswept chinese clustered main areas land areas north china plain yangtze valley basin canton delta areas called china proper rivers key china proper huang ho yangtze river chiang enrich land floods chinese settled valleys deltas fertilized rivers
twentieth century chinese language alphabet writers chinese wrote making small drawings represented ideas objects chinese written drawings today commonly takes practice learn read write chinese speak chinese language forms chinese order china modernize needed able understand job easier leaders china introduced alphabet called pinyin word pinyin means spell sounds pinyin alphabet letters similar english letters pinyin alphabet introduced pinyin changed chinese words spelled speakers languages peking capital city china changed beijing pinyin alphabet spelling closely represents true sound chinese pinyin meant replace chinese form writing pinyin alphabet introducing scientific words chinese chinese drawings superior story poem expressive read style chinese imagine able pictures story reading story chinese drawings stand word china combination characters means center means country express idea china center
brazil magic spell words popular song brazil magic cast spell rio de carnival word carnival roughly means meat relates catholic practice avoiding meat lent period easter rio carnival held beginning lent early february festivities carnival celebration fasting begins today rio carnival amazing spectacles lasting days spirited celebration includes parades merrymakers showy fanciful exciting costumes goal rio carnival wear eye catching costume behave look unlike carnivals countries rio carnival rides favorite foods streets rio packed excitement kind entertainment carnival bands playing metal drum instruments roam streets dance samba dances music tambourines city quivering charm bracelet open air markets sell oranges monkeys traveling vendors shout call attention snacks surprises stored baskets tourism major industry brazil carnival important economy rio de entire country ages travel part stay rio luxurious hotels part excitement course means spend deal money
place cold arctic forbidding place live winter tundra november february sun shines temperature arctic circle sinks arctic million square miles million square km snow ice ocean full full possibilities groups live arctic inuits eskimos live alaska greenland labrador canadian arctic group natives arctic laplanders called reindeer live arctic found clever ways survive harsh environment home thousand arctic home kinds plant animal frozen region produces diatoms plankton extremely small growing plants animals food kinds fish birds seals walruses whales arctic land fierce polar bear favorite food seal animals adapted arctic tundra huge caribou musk oxen small arctic foxes lemmings ptarmigan seagulls snow owls snow geese coats birds mammals turn white winter blend snow hide preying enemies explored arctic hunt valuable skins animals explored arctic plentiful mineral deposits addition rich oil gas deposits gold copper silver zinc coal lead iron cobalt uranium found arctic
living skin biosphere parts oceans rivers air forests soil parts biosphere connected happens part affects part biosphere properly able live thought earth provide endless resources today earth smaller past million today billion find food materials energy planet population expands find ways meet growing needs change courses rivers grow food deserts machines factories power plants producing goods producing food shelter creating problems earth replace resources fast forests centuries grow chopped weeks soil takes thousands form blow plowing resources oil coal nonrenewable earth millions produce fuels future need clean air water soil researchers say pollution threatening earth result environment able meet future needs smoke factories cars adding tons waste matter air land water polluted wastes plastics chemicals wastes decay break decay slowly
consider humankind earth planet call home past hard short beginning twentieth century rapid progress medicine agriculture industrial techniques promise soon able enjoy decent food satisfying employment adequate housing promise realized billion earth quarter greater expectancy lived greater luxury hundred ago believed quarters inadequate unsatisfactory water shelter suffered malnutrition hunger fig starved death beginning starve death live poverty stricken developing nations end twentieth century wealthy nations trouble according estimates average standard living north america western europe peaked wealthiest nations running fuel hardwoods minerals result necessities housing food fuel demanding family budget leaving luxuries pollutants fig contaminate cities towns rural environments sewage poisonous pesticides waterways smog laden air garbage streets parks lower standard living matter wealthy vast swiftly growing population consumes earth resources agricultural land minerals water fuel faster natural processes replace problem
united states government demanded pollution stop mining continued change operation company finally agreed start construction water pollution control facility agreement considered change circumstances court stated construction water pollution control facilities proceeding company allowed continue pollute april company build waste disposal facility completed march dumping site lake closed legal battle ended april final agreement reserve pay million duluth minnesota smaller communities costs filtering drinking water dispute classic struggle economics desire clean healthy environment government finally forced reserve build waste disposal site pollute lake superior case court construction completed lived polluted poisonous environment women reserve held jobs pay mine high able live external price enormous ahead die cancer contracted mine pollutants important issue raised legal battle article bill rights guarantees person deprived property due process law corporation person eyes law working factory property
flow energy ecosystem represented pyramid shows total amount incoming energy successive trophic levels fig energy nutrients enter food web photosynthesis plants sun energy convert inorganic nutrients food plant eaten food transferred herbivore herbivore food energy takes move feed respire energy form body tissues left predator eats process continues energy successive trophic level consequence seldom trophic levels ecosystem deer primary consumer travels kilometers grazes wolf secondary tertiary consumer travel kilometers find eat tiger requires home range square kilometers animal fed wolves tigers extremely large cover wide hunting area find widely scattered prey energetically feasible try harvest small amount food energy highest trophic levels human beings eat herbivores chickens cows pigs carnivores hawks lions roughly half million species animals half million species plants earth species performs unique functions occupies specific habitats combination function habitat called ecological niche
antarctica cold frozen continent covered ice nearly devoid vegetation contrast southern oceans surround continent rich fertile teeming fact abundant antarctic ocean central tropical oceans deep sea currents carrying valuable nutrients rise lower latitudes fertilize surface layers ocean nutrient rich waters support large populations phytoplankton primary producers ocean turn zooplankton feed tiny plant species zooplankton population consists part species small shrimplike known collectively krill fig individual krill organism centimeter animals congregate schools meters thick cover surface area square kilometers schools krill size naturally represent significant food supply fact schools large plentiful feed largest animal lived planet blue whale musculus fig blue whale ft weighs kg tonnes true teeth set elastic horny plates called baleen forms sievelike region whale mouth fig blue whale feeds swimming school krill mouth open allowing krill pass baleen excluding larger objects actually known habits blue whale mammals born alive breastfeed birth scientists believe young animal sexually mature mature cow birth single infant
modern humans members species homo sapiens turn homo sapiens belongs mammalian order primates primates divided lower primates include tarsiers lemurs lorises including monkeys apes humans modern apes consist genera gibbons pongo orangutans gorilla gorillas pan chimpanzees stereoscopic color vision rounded heads learn complex behavior patterns thanks large brains human beings belong hominid family similarities differences hominids apes fact question humans classified separate family classification invented species genera modern apes characteristics common found hominids instance show adaptations arms backbone adapt swinging arms trees body held vertically adaptations extreme apes hominids modern apes powerful jaws specialized feet features shared humans addition human brain larger ape research human origins active conclusions uncertain establishment system hominid early human classification fossil record means fixed fact subject controversial recent discoveries remains early hominids received popular attention remote region ethiopia east africa scientists donald tim white unearthed nearly fourths skeleton young female named lucy fig
demographic history united states largely history rapidly changing patterns fertility contrast mortality remained constant fig fertility reflects social economic events period economic boom fertility high fell sharply depression reached low war ii spite fact overseas fertility rate increased steadily war ended demographers social scientists believed trend due return war veterans predicted fertility soon decrease rose rapidly peak late analysts attributed rise economic social businesses specialized baby products flourished middle class began earnest flight cities provide children fresh air places play schools overcrowded communities couldn build schools fast pace growing numbers children experts predicted continued pattern high births suddenly began drop rapidly fell replacement level continued fall population experts surprised continued decline census bureau drastically revised assumptions population growth communities forced close schools built decade number school age children dropped
homes cold climates rocky mountains designed windows provide percent heat needed winter considerable energy savings realized commercial buildings innovative design twenty story office complex built toronto canada ontario hydro fig structure fuel space heating harsh canadian winter heat lights machinery bodies conserved stored circulated structure addition double glazed glass southern wall serves passive solar collection system energy saved supply power average homes solar heat trapped efficiently types solar collectors type collector consists coil copper pipe bonded blackened metal base assembly covered transparent layer glass plastic operating principle uncomplicated sunlight travels glass absorbed blackened surface metal conducts heat readily water pipe hot glass traps heat collector easily escape atmosphere fig hot water produced fashion pumped radiators heat building heating system type called active solar heat hot water actively pumped regulated motors thermostats course sunshine night cloudy days hot water conveniently stored overnight expensive build system large heat store hot water days cloudy weather
patents issued united states devices harness energy waves fig devices shown figure large scale wave energy generators steady movement winds spin earth factors combine create large mass movements ocean water called currents currents likened large rivers sea harnessed create usable energy problem concentration engineers want obtain electricity movement river build dam effect concentrates energy moving water large amount potential energy current gulf stream broad deep energy square meter impossible dam ocean inventors suggested possibility turbines sort paddlewheel system trap potential energy problem device large unreasonably expensive despite drawbacks planners believe oceans provide considerable energy figure shows author estimate potential power oceans looks encouraging don expect potential realized projects local tidal dams certainly practical today engineering problems capital investments needed enormous heat ocean produce electricity law thermodynamics tells heat engine built derive energy temperature difference bodies
oil drilling temperate farmlands deserts environmental damage oil requires hundred square meters surface land fig instances wells located farmers fields backyards minimal environmental problems recent oil companies begun search petroleum hostile environments arctic ocean floors alaska major problems arose transporting oil region arctic circle large cities farther south lengthy court battle oil companies permission build pipeline alaska fig completed pipe crosses previously wilderness delicate icy tundra mountains rivers active earthquake zones winter temperatures drop summer soar environmentalists argued remote wilderness areas altered roads built existed allowing improved access hunters tourists tundra caribou migration routes disturbed operation pipeline ruptured spilling oil landscape rupture released barrels petroleum tundra local rivers oil spill ecologically damaging feared reasons contaminated rivers economically important salmon spawning grounds break occurred yukon copper rivers disruption severe places valuable oil fields located sea obtain oil engineers build fixed platforms ocean fig drilling rigs mounted steel islands
pesticides caused problems poisoned natural predators opposite treatment poisoning predators import type approach successful cases japanese beetle imported north america orient agricultural pest japan beetle population controlled natural enemies predators live north america natural predators type wasp female wasp paralyzes japanese beetle grub attaches eggs young wasp hatches eats grub food wasps lay eggs japanese beetle grubs attack species united states spray applications japanese beetles caused ecological disruptions recent realized higher levels success simply importing natural enemies insects controlled strains bacteria viruses virus effective cotton corn utilized pesticide united states approved federal regulatory agencies ready mass production viral strains combat species pests commercially future advantages importing enemies pests agents living organisms reproduce naturally application insect parasites disease organisms specific interfere health large animals harmful questionable chemicals introduced environment pests controlled killing directly adults generation sterilized sterilized adults produce healthy babies pest population soon die
requirement energy met mainly intake carbohydrates fats nutrients carbon hydrogen oxygen carbohydrates sugars starches occur mainly fruits cereals vegetables nuts milk products fats include oils widely distributed plant animal foods addition supplying energy fats stored body reserve supply energy essential constituents nerves cell membranes requirement need material growth repair body tissues supplied mainly proteins proteins large molecules combinations smaller units called amino acids natural amino acids synthesized human body obtained diet produced meagerly body especially children obtained food amino acids essential human diet called essential amino acids amino acids carbon oxygen hydrogen nitrogen amino acids sulfur proteins occur plant animals foods widely varying concentrations proteins differ quality means differ content essential amino acids incomplete protein essential amino acids complete protein gelatin incomplete protein gelatin protein human diet support ideal protein essential amino acids proportions needed body mother milk ideal protein infant eggs provide protein high quality
regions legislation farming economically attractive farmland taxed lower rate applied land commercial urban development laws protecting farmland reaching states eastern seaboard united states governments begun subsidize maintenance agricultural land farm worth say developer remains farmland pay farmer difference land set permanently agricultural purposes coastal zones small portion land surface environmental pressures regions intense united states percent population percent manufacturing plants percent electrical power generators located km ocean lakes waterways provide resources including international transportation systems water industrial cooling waste disposal food form fisheries recreation unfortunately section coast purposes simultaneously conflicts arise problems encountered industrial development incompatible coastal food production recreation estuaries provide nursery grounds deep water fish represent significant food producing region developer estuary seen protected bay inlet provide ideal harbor industrial zone fig attempts initiate coastal land laws partition coastal zones special interest groups efforts successful fisheries conservation management act passed united states required federal agencies propose management plans ensure optimum yields guaranteed perpetuation commercial species coastal fish
metropolitan areas burn garbage dump process applied waste disposal complex simply setting fire mass garbage open dump modern incinerator unit trash burned carefully engineered furnace heat fire boil water produce steam steam sold industrial trash energy source plants money received sale steam pay operating costs economic problems arise trash ideal fuel municipal wastes food scraps wet garbage difficult burn efficiently waste products produces acidic gases corrode furnace walls notorious polyvinyl chloride pvc plastic manufacture toys containers garden hoses records burning pvc produces hydrogen chloride gas gas reacts water produce strongly corrosive liquid hydrochloric acid threatening fact pvc decomposes burns releases vinyl chloride known carcinogen spite difficulties profitable future increasingly large quantities dry paper cardboard appeared refuse increasing fuel content trash price fuel skyrocketed steam skyrocketed hand costs handling burning trash increased moderately rising cost land harder find adequate sites landfills valuable land dumping trash hauled distances expensive sites landfills expensive high cost discarding trash makes alternative solutions desirable
united states today external economic incentives actually favor processing virgin materials recycling tax laws united states favor overuse resources tax structures give special deductions mineral exploration development mines depletion allowances offer tax incentives ore removed ground likewise timber companies favored complex tax laws offer economic incentives cutting trees addition railroads charge transport scrap materials logs virgin ores cheaper ship iron ore recycled iron cheaper ship logs waste paper railroads charge realize higher profit transportation recycled goods rate structure approved federal government true free market system recycling economically attractive today increase recycling techniques pass laws encourage reuse course enact legislation reduce tax transportation advantage enjoyed mining logging operations recent encouraging signs decade laws passed encourage household recycling states vermont oregon maine connecticut michigan iowa massachusetts delaware york banned nonreturnable beverage containers usual deposit required low total environmental cost discarded bottle includes energy raw materials manufacture litter waste disposal problem bottle true cost close law requiring deposit glass bottles effective inducement returning
atoms elements denoted symbols letters ba zn compounds molecules represented formulas consist symbols subscripts parentheses subscript denotes number atoms element represented symbol attached formula represents molecule sulfuric acid substance sulfuric acid molecule consists atoms hydrogen atom sulfur atoms oxygen substance consists matter aggregate molecules formula oxygen gas tells molecules consist atoms chemical transformations represented chemical equations tell molecules substances react produced molecular ratios reactions equation burning methane oxygen produce carbon dioxide water coefficient applies entire formula follows means atoms molecule held chemical bonds chemical bonds characterized length angles bonds strength energy needed break general substances molecules strong chemical bonds stable energetically unprofitable break strong bonds rearrange atoms form weaker bonds stable substances regarded chemically satisfied energy offer energy poor water strong bonds fuel food bonds carbon oxygen carbon dioxide strong times strong bonds water energy poor substance
number conclusions draw body regardless age size conclusions involve comparisons age comparisons height weight color hair eyes obvious physical characteristics characteristic visible quality tall kinds comparisons individuals wrong physical characteristics averages based comparing large numbers foot tall person giant company short short midst professional basketball team comparisons depend person situation basketball player tall jockey short light condition tall short important recognize physical characteristics physical capabilities help determine kinds activities suited small frail person succeed job requiring lifting heavy weights frail person physically weak frail individual excel precise tasks demand light delicate touch think possess vastly kinds skills carpenter brain surgeon carpenter master skills involve strength physical coordination driving nails brain surgeon need strong surgeon manual dexterity dexterity grace skill physical activity manual dexterity skillful hands brain surgeon need carpenter strength lifting moving heavy objects
miguel called parents dad mom look model sister maria equally excited shiny sports coupe front showroom yes mom look wonderful things inside car shouted mrs garcia put finger lips signal miguel maria lower voices husband speaking sales representative looking features station wagon mrs garcia excused hurried join children let excited looking window sports coupe yes nice car afraid wouldn mom asked miguel automatic shift radio air conditioning dad wanted yes mom look maria urged push button windows sunroof agree lovely car children need practical model station wagon carry family things trip sporty car barely room fill needs think satisfying wants mrs garcia wish station wagons push button windows maria look closer mother advised wagon father sitting electric windows sales person told able sunroof installed special price miguel smiled need things want
answer questions need complete person body mind personality identity real discussed unit basic areas describe individual body mind personality elements terms identity elements contribute image image image called image image image image match look mirror image look answer course look mirror reversed image hair parted left mirror image shows parted physical difference important reason image match image reason lies attitude subjective subjective means extent image subjective view strong interest worth image objective image objective means personally involved judging image image superior person true image story john worried image carol opinion john image
change constant change personal code experience change code conduct personal code grows develops change comes persons share exact experiences reason share exact sets values beliefs person sees change point view reacts according code personal code complicated based entire range experiences values family sources code includes likes dislikes dreams future contained code grow age experience dreams change shaped changing personal code vitally important understand code try learn act understanding code give insight attitudes behavior insight ability nature person insight penetrates surface situation gains understanding understanding code increase effectiveness dealing change understanding attitudes helps wider range choices dealing change understanding code important step working shape insight feelings emotions gain control behavior attitudes behaving situation problems frequently punished coming home late dinner examining code reveal stay outdoors friends urge extend play
person naturally enjoys company called friends easily enjoy attention tend successful sales fields interpersonal skills important person prefers called necessarily unfriendly difficulty meeting getting individuals prefer outgoing shy unsure try decisive person makes decisions quickly confidence decisive person willing commit decision goal indecisive person trouble reaching decisions indecisive spend large amounts energy thinking alternatives decisions tend changing minds ambitious person pushes ahead ambitious student earn grades ambitious student stand activities classroom ambitious lot energy enthusiasm lower levels ambition content advance slowly tend satisfied situations hand ambitious seek recognizable personality traits notice important able recognize remember personality traits reflect parts personal code personality personal code determine view react change remember control external change external affect ways
rick swung bag shoulder danny started walk home baseball diamond boy sure wish carlos moved neighborhood rick agreed danny pitcher re going rough lopez family move big house anyway rick asked real nice house street guess lopez big raise promoted danny decided wanted move expensive neighborhood blame don rick replied don think comfortable big house formal afraid getting dirty place re room need relax homes danny think live house maybe job lot money rick asked don think buy big house couple expensive cars stuff don think danny things don impress money travel rest country travel places someday visit africa australia fun drive sports car flying lessons rick sounds try jobs danny things married kids
asked friends think large number age acquaintances acquaintance acquaintance close share complete trust confidence friend person relationship based affection respect friend care friendship close relationship develops sharing experiences mutual interests helps building friendships special element friendship choose friends acquaintances circumstances closest relationships involve members family don choose parents relatives naming friends mention closest friends reach end list naming individuals relationship close building friendship part effort getting person getting includes learning person likes dislikes means getting understand person feelings effort required permit person share feelings means giving privacy building friendship involves give parties friendships efforts individuals equal build friendship emotional investment emotional investment means feelings involved relationship risk involved investment risk lies hurt felt friendship breaks
individuals leaders followers friend strong leadership skills let individual group decisions reactions friend decisions based personal code friends prefer follow lead find playing leadership role developing abilities leader leader necessarily follower thing leaders opportunity enjoy airline pilot appointed executive position individual prefer sitting controls jet aircraft sitting desk office individuals creative skills mental physical exercise skills exercise leadership unusual teachers pass promotions remove classroom relationships develop friends help develop attitudes roles leader follower attitudes parts code determine role prefer friendships major influence view career relationships friends affect image ability fit groups friendships tend build positive image enjoy affection respect trust feel positive attitude type attitude believe believe succeed activity equally important positive attitude helps develop personal goals plans reach goals goals change goals find easier achieve positive attitude
tracy horrified saw kitten tracy school pet decided play tracy sweater result collar ripped picked kitten asked pet re trouble tracy put kitten looked closely sweater collar knit mother pretty angry worked hard finish sweater tracy birthday worse tracy thought mother force give kitten tracy recalled mother warning responsible cat tracy don want problems problems tracy sat bed thought alternatives hide sweater underneath clothes dresser tell mother sweater damaged school simply tell truth hope mother wouldn kitten tracy rejected idea hiding sweater expected wear course decided telling lie reasons uncomfortable feel bad lying mother likely believe story looking ripped collar tracy realized obvious workable alternative honest tell mother happened tracy looked kitten playfully chasing toys wasn kitten fault didn wrong answer tracy thought neglected put sweater left school morning
report class mary beth asked questions comments need firm commitments contribute project won catherine charge planning offered suggestion contact friends neighbors ask save newspapers empty aluminum cans offer collect contributions week mrs davis interrupted husband collect papers cans pickup truck need place storage volunteers bundle papers crush cans vincent sheet paul need telephone number volunteers week cans papers ready turn stuff month mary beth told class proceeds special savings account dad works bank care account money won earn interest safe vincent explained committee wanted sure money trip contingency plan hold couple car wash fund raisers spring prepared case bus charter fees unexpected happens think idea set fund raising goal slightly higher easy short bunch kids sick catherine visited local office area assemblyman
factors influence spending decisions factors general effect values family strongest feelings opinions influence parents family members friends grow older friends tend stronger influence preferences harder earn approval friends generally effort required family acceptance advertising promotion goods services reaches sources major sources include radio television newspapers magazines direct mail telephone sales word mouth especially happy product frequently tell boast bargains obtain goods services attractive sounds motivated seek similar bargains common thread runs motivating factors effect code conduct reinforce strengthen existing values change opinions preferences aware understanding code reinforced changed helps evaluate motives style affects spending decisions depending family background conservative liberal attitude spending money conservative means cautious moderate tending maintain existing traditional views conservative person tends reject risk liberal means open minded receptive ideas generous liberal person tends follow trends wrong view styles individual holds style values according personal code style decisions based understanding realistic limitations illustrate strong desire expensive sports car
consumers large communities tend price conscious shopping food household supplies supermarket chains advertise weekly specials promotions attract customers careful shopper save money comparing advertisements shoppers concerned prices food quality major consideration factors attract repel shoppers include variety cleanliness convenience planning want save money groceries area small individual savings add run prices food products especially vegetables fruits vary considerably season grocery items expensive purchased large quantities merely looking price package look unit price unit price cost measured portion product ounce package product sell ounce package cost smaller package unit price cents ounce larger package unit price cents ounce larger package economical greater quantity home freezers investment budget conscious families freezer makes stock items prices low planning meals method holding food cost planned menus help avoid unnecessary purchases prevent waste price key factor shopping clothes careful shoppers watch advertised specials stores tend conduct periodic sales watch seasonal bargains demand low prices lower considerations building maintaining satisfactory wardrobe
point ready move sixth step decision making process implementing alternative charting course school prepare planning step identify educational requirements career areas chosen ooh valuable guide choices identified basic educational requirements discuss counselor counselor advise ways set direction determining educational moves critical helping reach objectives especially important areas mathematics prerequisites advancement estimate abilities past performance school results intelligence aptitude tests helpful selecting educational path aware strengths weaknesses affect decisions options open cases avoid heavy concentration educational area change career goals times complete high school remember changing rapidly want follow path let delay final decisions mind trying choose career stage assessment study career areas prepare decisions prepare begin working regardless career path follow lifelong occupation dealing change career areas today individuals expected change occupations times working lives caused factors traditional industries shrinking going existence
career fields require form continuing education skill development continuing education schooling designed update upgrade person knowledge skills related occupation cases continuing education involve going college technical vocational schools cases employers provide job training job advancement courses important thing aware opportunities ready utilize information sources discussed unit working career live public library source printed career information community colleges vocational schools career guidance job placement offices worker employer career advancement programs employee training educational programs fact major attraction today recruitment employees attitudes determine effectively deal change career valuable strength positive attitude attitude positive view opportunities challenges problems threats check attitude cope change problem solving decision making process organized approach valuable career decision making situations educational goal addition meeting specific requirements chosen career field goal build broad base knowledge broader educational experience ability deal change important develop ability learn skill left forces change learning skills help change approaching deal
easiest design hierarchy chart listing activities need worry order identified list order hierarchy process identifying utility bill identified follows bill customer correct data utility bill rate charged cubic foot gas kilowatt electricity rates numbers change processing data known constants constants enclosed quotation marks unchanging data known literal literal enclosed quotation marks data needed process utility bill includes street address city zip code amount gas amount electricity calculate amount charges gas electricity utility bill multiply cubic feet gas constant represents rate cubic foot gas program multiply constant representing rate electricity number kilowatts taxes calculated total cost gas electricity calculated utility bill created computer print title address line cost gas line cost electricity amount taxes line billing date amount due end processing program represent separate
generally test main module coding minimum code running program minimum code begin rem statement identify module print statement print literal defining module perform return statement return control main module coding manner referred stubbing modules run program main module processes desired output identified statements correct order correct coded completely output incorrect correct main module logic repeat test process continue desired output obtained totally coded produce desired report main module passed test ready begin coding complete form logic program determine module code looking main module tell coded purpose module set values variables calculation variables printed later program variables set module easily changed desire later variables names represent data items variables representing alphabetic information generally referred string variables variables represent numeric information referred numeric variables variable names ibm pc trs model characters
write program set advertisement annual spring festival advertisement set program constants spring festival site date entrance fee advertisement centered spacing lines provide easy reading look write program produce form band instructor keeping track students practice form column activity column week column tallying total amount spent activity week creative want add horizontal vertical lines activities days week form look write program calculate semester grade student data processing student daily grades test grades read data statement daily worth percent grade test grades represent percent grade print report title grade data processing student calculated percentage grade sure identify grade column headings data statement test data favorite basketball player season coach determine average points scored write program read data statement player points ten conference games order program produce report showing date season listing points number game total points labeled average points scored game label
function keyboard expression call operation completed variables basic functions reside system functions require keyword function performed define functions statement purpose define function statement allow define function program set equation decide set function general form statement follows valid variable preceded letters function replaced function called expression operation perform function definition function limited line function type dollar sign end determines function returns numeric string statement executed define function function called basic program shown shows defined function determining area circle input output program shown line defines function function called line statement define function imagine arithmetic functions supplied basic interpreters functions return numeric table lists numeric functions arithmetic functions statement
line input ibm trs line input convenient input character strings blanks commas colons need enclosed quotation marks regular input statement line executed computer waiting response keyboard question mark appears character entered accepted regardless preceded spaces minus sign quotes comma data entered stored variable enter return pressed line input variable included statement give user opportunity interact program requiring enter return pressed data displayed screen program required user enter data program directed print entered data screen provide user opportunity read data check validity information entered data read user directed strike key keyboard character printed change status variable character printed program print statement character entered execution continue user need press enter return statements allow user interact enter return apple commodore ibm trs inputs ibm trs model string variables statements statement varies apple commodore
file opened output file receive data writing file disk similar writing screen printer small required process data written file file closed means file stored disk opening file operation similar closing file cabinet drawer reading data previously stored file placing variables requires steps file opened read completion process closed opening file reading identical opening file writing file opened output opening file input computer file opened input records read disk data variables identified special statement read data file field record read order earlier written closing file reading identical closing file data written random data files files written read order aware records sequential file written read random file records written read order desired program direct computer place file pointer desired record want read data stored record tell computer location file
chapter begins continuing projects projects information processing systems grow chapter progress text projects complete teacher require projects writing program continuing project sure complete documentation documentation especially important project complex completed documentation modified project progresses module added subsequent chapters need modify hierarchy chart chapter prepare sign program project separate program run system print screen information business system run author system revision number system chapter revision number add features chapters increment revision number add project chapter revision number programs increment decimal part number completing program chapter change change revision number sign program function chapter print opening screen later modified run programs completing desired project plan write personnel records system business
considering data entry routine function think kinds data checks discussed earlier chapter think items displays discussed chapter items mind features improved data entry routine listed prompt actual entry data point screen desired programmer user allowed enter data longer maximum length established decide maximum length characters user allowed enter check implemented allowing entry character maximum alternately checking length data user presses enter return user allowed change data desired accepted program solution allow user freely move cursor screen changing data item screen items desired striking key computer accept entire screen information alternate easier program method allow user change data item desired pressing enter return enter return pressed program proceeds item program refuse accept character data numeric data needed similar previous item program refuse accept characters look user pressed enter return
computer applications require data arranged order arranging known sorting numeric character data sorted numeric data arranged ascending order smallest largest descending order largest smallest alphabetic data arranged alphabetic order common applications sorting production kinds directories include telephone directories membership lists organizations preparation large mailings postal service postage discount mailers sorted letters groups zip code arranging addresses order printing envelopes envelopes grouped printed requiring consuming hand sort data needs order points order established require user enter data proper sequence means user likely sort data hand entering user method let computer arrange data proper sequence entered method item input stored row table item input item larger stored position table item smaller item moved row table item stored row items general procedure item larger item table stored empty row
random records physically written sorted order easy access data random files created random order means records sorted prior writing result location record obtained performing computer logic help locate record file random files direct organization means directly order record number relative number known relative record number record stored file relative location record stored record number relative record number record relative record number stored location largest record number identifies size random file records highest record number record contained characters need storage positions bytes disk store file computer set record positions file known sizing file applications lend organized direct access identifiable record number develop scheme allow indirect records random file words user enter social security number computer calculate record number determine location algorithm perfect synonyms produced synonym results records record number location
direct file organization advantages biggest advantage ability access record directly reading preceding records save computer processing advantage linking files ability select records pertaining transaction accounts receivable transaction file records pertaining master record linked scheme calculate record number records connected record checking determine linkage access linked record linked record checked determine linkage quickly able add amount transaction give person update account balance figure illustrates accounts receivable transaction file linked advantage linked files fact transactions processed ordering sorting transaction file permits lengthy transaction files worry length sort file processing update routine advantage lack concern show volume data sorted file data going table sorted reasonable amount data stored linked file linked files online processing feasible applications able call telephone company find current balance bill phone call transaction file sequential sorted prior update
creating linked files requires complete series steps completed creating random file programmer supplied record key linked files require complete additional steps develop algorithm calculate record number calculating number record written check presence data record position data exist record written data exist pointer field checked determine presence null present overflow record number written pointer field record number write data overflow record process repeated records written file data added later date overflow record number stored future record trailer data written identified later records linked file means exact algorithm calculate record number record generally key field entered record number calculated record read data record matches key field input correct record read pointer field checked record key record read record read match data manipulated process repeated correct record
advanced versions basic generally include additional input output capability additions standard basic print statement refers display input statement refers keyboard standard basics statements refer devices device independent input output program input device send output device recode program words program run program input keyboard run input file disk run output display printer output produced program input program text learned index files creating index advanced basics built capability handle indexed files words set indexes coding effort part programmer advanced basics number dealing file handling increased significantly helps programmer precisely needed program contend limitations file handling system string handling capability strongest points standard versions basic powerhouse feature enhanced newer versions find complementary change uppercase letters lowercase vice versa user entering input uppercase lowercase functions checking correct input easier
main design structures programs written known control structures sequential steps alternate actions case known selection drawing flowcharts structures flowchart structure complete structure structure words flowchart able identify structures encircled structure flow line going box coming box help ensure principles structured programming sections illustrate flowchart control structures sequential steps shown flowchart symbol steps beginning program computation action input step output step end program figure general form sequential steps flowchart alternate actions based logical comparison easy produce flowcharts difficult follow pattern suggested flowcharts easier construct follow frequently occurring difficulty flowcharting alternate actions place actions solved effect making distinct flowcharts action decision follow coming end actions maintains idea control structure study figure alternate actions
case structure known selection program perform action selection possibilities frequent applications menus user chooses actions program applications involve selecting multiple types pay methods process taking actions depending past due account receivable case structure drawn ways flowchart involves connectors connector separate flowchart steps performed case study figure case structure menu beginning end case structure easy note cases true program executed flowcharts connectors play case selected choice invalid action versions basic real case structure statement statement handle cases commonly known loops types structure concerned types repeat terminating condition true difference type tests terminating condition taking action tests terminating condition taking action making flowchart segments kinds loops follow guideline examine figures learn structures figure shows test loop figure shows test loop
acreage entrepreneur speculator playground finding raw land land buildings improvements demands knowledge land vast creativity raw land bought speculative purposes buyer expects hold land wait population growth land valuable develop land purchase specialist farmland knowledgeable existing farms establishment buyer farmland looking working farm seeking establish country estate raising prize bull information contact farm institute north michigan avenue chicago il selling business specialty requires knowledge accounting business management business opportunities include sale restaurants bars retail stores service stations service laundries include real estate houses businesses agent familiar individual characteristics business marketed able promote enterprise prospective buyers buyer business looking income future growth potential specializing industrial real estate requires knowledge zoning laws business accounting tax advantages buyer seller utilities parking requirements docking loading facilities transportation availability major highways real estate involved complete industrial park unit raw land zoned industry buyer purchasing property specific speculation information contact society industrial realtors street washington dc
selling real estate starting tough tough real estate profession put agent emotional roller coaster excited comes office excited burn entire tank gas driving city showing prospect bedroom bath home market hit bottom roller coaster prospective buyer appointment real estate agent discouraged important understand possibility rejection avoided probability creating business avoided risks reap rewards real estate business rewarding highly profitable business handle rejection easy handle rejection play numbers game real estate numbers game numbers game listings sale month amount dollars true sense agents real estate profession need understanding numbers game study game rules prospects customers need face told average times remember business contacts remember slave hourly wage punched clock unemployed face face write check results prospecting occur seen prospect average times expect results sixth visit feel rejected lack results fourth visit
tax rolls alphabetical listing property owners list address property owner area shows usage property tax rolls property code means property vacant lot zoned single family residential code means property improved single family residential dwelling classifications property explanation codes front tax rolls begin hunt prospects start property codes previously mentioned begin top alphabetical owner index follow page list vacant single family residential lots owns piece property considered investor real estate case investors single family lots potential prospects single family lots mrs contacted position add portfolio vacant building lots single family residences assume house personal residence chances invest single family residences rental purposes soon company listed property lend rental situation call say tax rolls piece residential property buy elm street interested talking explore business possibilities
advertising tends specialized jobs require considerable education training give idea advertising major areas advertising employment discussed newspapers radio television media interested sales space broadcast persons sell space businesses wish advertise called media representatives media salespersons media reps called radio television stations newspapers magazines outdoor advertisers media firms representatives call merchants potential advertisers explain services media provide give information market reached media cost media space packages arrange advertiser media representatives perform called media merchandising help local advertisers coordinate store business promotions national advertising community campaigns assist merchant planning comprehensive advertising program help provided cost firm carries product sold advertises medium workers category idea write selling messages create headlines ads draw illustrations design advertisement media salesperson demonstrate prospective advertiser writing art photography music skill creative medium creative jingle catchy theme clever design attempts attract hold attention potential customer production closely creators advertisements sure ads commercials correctly
big valley general store direct competition competitive business family emporium located street owners family emporium advertise heavily local newspaper local radio station big valley general store feel impact competition businesses lot advertising noticed big valley general store start feel competition counteract competition owners big valley general store need increase advertising budget management family emporium took modest approach advertising store promotion big valley general store advertising budget remain aggressive competition advertising expenditures big valley general store usual advertising percentages type size business business person afford ignore competitors business person blindly follow lead competitor advertising business advertising spending reflect objectives advertising program business small community weekly newspaper advertising limitations affect budget business community daily paper radio stations television station considerably greater opportunity invest advertising general tendency media greater possibility individual business spend greater percent sales income advertising fact city big daily newspaper radio television stations outdoor advertising neighborhood shopping newspapers public transportation system
examine dozen advertisements issue local paper tell ads successful creating sales firm advertising ads catch attention ads say product interests illustrations want merchandise tell business advertising challenges advertising able produce ad reach attention potential customers addition getting customer attention ad needs reader business buy goods services featured experts advertising give complete assurance ad effective combination merchandise message illustration copy layout put multitude consumer market factors involves variables impossible predict success ad bring avalanche response barely ripple sales volume research constantly manufacturers suppliers retailers discover makes respond advertising general agreement effective advertising requires consistency style standards consistency style firm ads enables reader familiar characteristics readily identify firm advertising distinctive style means firm advertising recognized quickly readers advertisements consistently reflect desired character image business ad speak quality goods services keeping standards firm set copy illustrations firm reflect principles goals business
farm wiring system economical provide adequate supply electricity achieving goals requires planning adequate understanding conditions rapid deterioration equipment service equipment located close major loads reduce cost circuit wiring electrical prepare diagrams proposed circuits minimize amount wire supply outlets wiring diagram proposed circuit shown figure simple diagram plan circuit determine efficient route physical structure building obstacles considered planning circuit electrical equipment repair replacement costs factors planning farm wiring equipment materials suitable location suitable location high humidity condensation corrosive materials physical abuse lead rapid deterioration electrical equipment materials cases proper placement electrical equipment routing wires prevent exposure conditions deterioration conditions avoided suitable materials required equipment identified type adverse environment section adequate electrical system addition limited number loads service equipment sized exactly load served case specific load general practice leave extra spaces circuit breakers future loads service equipment demand load calculated feeders equipment sized allow additional loads generally economical install small farm building provisions circuits
voltage measured wires wire ground electrical device electricity instrument measure voltage voltmeter voltmeter shown figure measuring voltage lamp direct current voltage measurements dc voltmeter ac voltmeter required alternating voltage measurements meters designed measure ac dc voltages common selector switch meter set type electrical voltage ac dc measured figure ac voltmeter measures root mean square rms alternating voltage sine wave figure known effective voltage rms voltage times peak voltage wave standard values ac electrical systems volts rms voltages determination polarity connection voltmeter maintain proper polarity concern making ac voltage measurements proper reading obtained dc voltage measurements voltmeter probes connected circuit maintain proper polarity positive probe generally red connected positive side circuit negative probe generally black connected negative side circuit probes reversed needle voltmeter deflects wrong direction tries reading damage meter electrical current flow electrons conductor unit measurement electrical current ampere ampere measure rate flow electrons
circuits balanced half circuits connected wire neutral remaining circuits connected wire neutral tripping main circuit breaker caused load wire load service adequate size circuits arranged load wire nearly equal assume farm building lighting circuits load fan circuits load loads balanced lighting circuits fan circuit connected wire shown figure equipment operating unbalance system wires carry equal current practice balance exactly circuits reasonably balanced advance planning prevent load balancing problems later neutral wire wire service generally carries current wires neutral carries difference currents wires figure shows neutral carrying unbalance difference loads wires assumed wire carries carries current flows clockwise loop current flows clockwise loop currents flowing neutral area traveling opposite directions subtracts
central pole distribution advantages single service building cost service equipment service entrance wires central point distribution located closest largest loads minimize length large sized feeders feeder lengths generally shorter reducing voltage drop fire interruption electrical service building likely affect service buildings fourth size equipment increased expensive upgrade service central pole upgrade main service located building central distribution pole meet specifications electrical power supplier electrical power supplier set pole charge installation farmer billed directly power supplier electrician installs equipment pole according specifications electrical power supplier power suppliers permit service entrance cable attached directly pole power suppliers prefer installation conduit generally service equipment attached pole brackets shown figure complete central pole assemblies purchased electrician fabricate central pole meter assembly farm central electrical distribution pole installations specifically covered national electrical code disconnect protection required pole required local authority grounding required metal enclosures electrical wires required grounded power supplier specifications call grounding central pole regard farm loads national electrical code reference central distribution pole structure
continuous current rating fuse circuit breaker generally equal greater circuit equipment protects exceptions awg copper wire type rated fuse circuit breaker selected protective device circuits motors frequently exceptions rule proper selection device continuous load illustrated figure ampere rating circuit determined continuous current rating device protecting circuit ampere rating load loads served operating characteristics load known ampere rating circuit device determined load single piece equipment serve outlets lighting fixtures add ampere rating circuit loads load consists single piece equipment appliance load exceed device rating true cord plug connected equipment circuits section continuous load normal operation operate hours continuous load permitted exceed circuit device rating sections water heaters ventilation fans nonresidential lighting circuits considered continuous loads means circuit protected device permitted loaded continuously maximum continuous load circuit
conductors farm applications selected tables minimum size permitted load served tables voltage drop consideration voltage drop suspected excessive existing farm feeder circuit electrical determine extent problem voltmeter voltage drop measured load feeders branch circuit extent voltage drop determined equipment involved operating voltage drop problem dairy farm electrically powered feeding equipment operated evening milking electrical load residence reaches maximum evening load compound problem voltage drop fall farmer crop dryer operating voltage drop excessive times seasons procedure measure extent voltage drop turn electrical equipment operation voltage drop suspected problem measure voltage farm main service hot conductors single phase system measure voltage service building voltage drop suspected problem greater hot conductors maximum voltage drop feeders measure voltage utilization equipment motors electric heaters lighting outlets farthest service greater circuit circuit maximum voltage drop main service
electricians electrical apprentices required learn safe proper hand power tools power tools specialized hand tools generally supplied electrical contractor electrician wear durable clothing areas body possibly arms covered provide shield flying objects hard hat worn times construction area eye protection safety glasses side shields goggles worn working areas tools produce flying objects figure caution electricians working live equipment wear eye protection prevent injury flying sparks power tools double insulated grounding wire plugged grounded outlet portable ground fault circuit help prevent electrical shock electrician working damp locations electricians training aid emergency care protection fellow workers highly recommended electrician receive training cardiopulmonary resuscitation cpr classes aid cpr public nearly community branch circuit wires size awg smaller frequently require splicing splices commonly twist type devices called wire nuts electrician commonly sizes wire nuts important completed splice covers exposed bare wire wires held securely poor splices main short circuits ground faults electrical malfunctions procedure produces splice wire nuts read manufacturer directions type wire nut choose correct size wire nut wire size number wires spliced
electrician required estimate angle offset figure electrician installing agricultural wiring seldom bend large sizes conduit hand bender called hickey bending rigid metal conduit sizes larger manufactured bends threads larger trade sizes distributors carry bends offset bends nipple desired length threaded conduit system installed starting end assembling piece conduit fitting part turned previous part pipe wrenches purpose pump pliers performing task impossible turn piece previous problem solved joining conduit conduit union called piece coupling figure popular devices fastening rigid metal conduit structure beam clamps attach wiring materials beams steel channel structural steel figure devices eliminate need drill holes steel rigid metal conduit supported ft mm outlet box junction box cabinet fitting conduit supported ft section exception case straight runs rigid metal conduit found table represented text table increased support spacings permitted provided span apply undue stress supports required wires run conduit installed
extra grounding electrodes uncommon farms grounding lightning protection system common electrical system required grounding electrode separate lightning system ground section recommended electrodes bonded form single grounding system electrical system grounding electrode lightning system grounding electrode ft required bonded section electrically operated equipment farm permitted grounding electrode section grounding electrode place grounding conductor service ground earth permitted serve grounding electrode typical farm equipment separate grounding electrode electrically heated stock supplied plastic water pipe separate grounding electrode recommended installation minimizes chance voltage developing metal frame adjacent earth figure defective stock source stray voltages farms problem animals refuse drink experience shock adequate water consumption animals essential high productivity grounding conductor metal raceway metal box cabinet frame equipment equipment grounding conductor copper corrosion resistant conductor section restriction aluminum wire equipment grounding aluminum wire direct contact masonry earth subject corrosive conditions
phase converters farms operate phase electric motors single phase electrical supply figure phase electric motors larger sizes generally expensive maintenance free single phase motors horsepower rating large horsepower single phase electric motors readily farmer installing grain dryer requiring hp motor install phase motor ideally farm supplied phase power electric utility primary lines farm able supply single phase power phase provided farmer willing share cost extending additional primary wire cost phase converter acceptable alternative phase converters solution farm electrical power problems types loads difficult power phase motor operating phase converter loads require high starting torque silo gutter cleaners phase converter limits starting current draw motor starting current limited motor starting torque greatly reduced phase converter applications easy starting farm loads fans pumps grain dryer typical equipment started empty load applied motor obtained full operating speed limitation phase converters voltages phase wires phase electric motor generally exactly balanced voltage unbalance generally results slightly unbalanced currents motor windings slight need concern properly sized motor running provided
transformer wiring diagrams printed transformer affixed transformer printed inside cover wiring compartments lead wires terminals marked letters lettered primary high voltage leads lettered secondary low voltage leads transformers primary secondary windings shown figure applications called dual voltage transformers connections correctly dual voltage transformers connected improperly create dead short ruin transformer energized consider dual voltage transformer rated primary secondary primary windings rated secondary winding rated transformer connected primary winding receives proper voltage figure transformer shown primary windings connected series connected supply voltage voltage winding receiving proper voltage primary winding receiving proper secondary winding output connecting secondary windings series produces consider case primary voltage desired output case primary windings connected series figure secondary windings connected parallel figure
circuit breaker fuses protecting circuit ampere rating heater full load current section exception case device rated carry ampere rating continuously heater circuit protected fuses pole circuit breaker electric heaters supplied single branch circuit circuit permitted exceed rating section rating applies previous total load total load heaters circuit illustrate minimum size circuit conductor determined farm office heated baseboard electric heaters installed circuit controlled thermostat figure heater rated rated rated total load heaters wire size based minimum size copper wire permitted awg protected circuit breaker fuses infrared heaters frequently agricultural applications infrared heater installed single circuit circuit rated high section apply dwelling circuit conductors protection sized total heater load circuit remembered line voltage thermostats rated lower rating
beef cattle feeding operation vary open environmentally controlled confinement housing figure open animals open shelter primary electrical needs lighting feeding watering night lighting important help reduce animal injury increase feed intake high rates water feed consumption result high rates weight gain research shown beef animals gain weight faster winter area animals lighted night give artificially produced lighted hours confinement barn lighted level illumination footcandles fc clock control lights efficient lighting produced high pressure sodium lamps minimize energy cost environmentally controlled confinement barn houses maximum number beef cattle minimum amount space building enclosed insulated conserve heat winter heat summer ventilation fans move air building maintain healthy environment fans run continuously controlled thermostat animals housed slotted floor waste holding tank waste falls slots floor tank later removal beef cattle housed concrete partially open shelter arid areas shelter protection heat sun lighting level fc achieved placing lamp fluorescent fixtures ft center barn
pork production farms variable size type housing important swine operation hold costs minimum ideal market weight hog lb kg takes months raise hog birth market weight efficient swine operation modern swine farm operation pregnant sows separate gestation barn ready deliver sows moved nursery barn process giving birth baby piglets sow confined stall called crate sow stand lie turn let crate exercise sow twelve piglets litter sow confined crate chance lying piglets minimized heat added crates attract piglets warmth sow piglets weaned sow moved nursery group pens piglets approximate age separate building growing finishing stage hogs confined pen solid concrete floor part pen slotted floor end figure waste deposited slotted floor drops holding tank collection area swine barns waste pit flushed daily water waste water mixture going waste pond called lagoon type hog housing open front shelter pasture
irrigation system electrically driven wired electrical hazard created systems operated phase supply irrigation machine supplied grounded electrical system electrical power supplier contacted advance installation schedule installation electrical supply discuss electrical supply power supplier firm plans electrical lines constructed supply irrigation demand part cost paid farmer cost high requiring installation diesel driven unit diesel powered generator power control system wiring electrically driven irrigation machine covered article electrical wiring installed proper materials extra care electrically driven irrigation systems frequently center pivot type type system irrigation pipe extends radially central pivot point figure electric motors drive units pipe propel irrigation machine field alignment switches turn individual drive motors motors totally enclosed wiring watertight entire irrigation machine grounded prevent creation electrical shock hazard separate irrigation pump supply water needs river lake areas license required water sources irrigation pump located center pivot located edge field
drafting responsible job drafter key member engineering architectural design team engineer designer architect supplies drafter sketches general specifications major calculations project drafter precise sizes parts refer engineering handbooks specifications sizes items decide materials manufacturing processes order produce item drafter course drawings tell item background needed drafting career begins high school future drafters study mathematics including algebra geometry trigonometry science including physics possibly chemistry fundamentals drafting fig helpful courses metalworking machine shop computer science strength materials vocational high school program developed drafters excellent starting point program drafters proper background obtained high school find drafting job completing drafting technician program junior community college vocational technical department students likely find courses directed specialization industries students likely participate courses involving computers connected drafting known computer aided drafting fig career drafter specialize field drafting according interests specializing drafter familiar unique problems processes specialty valued member design team specialized fields include mechanical mechanical electronic architectural civil technical illustration
beam compass fig drawing large circles radii drawn regular compass protractor fig calculate lay angles drafting machine built protractor drafter swing blades machine angle desired drafter draw line drawing freehand straight line course drawn straightedge triangle circle radius drawn compass curved lines drawn irregular curve seen figure irregular curves variety shapes sizes idea irregular curves order prepared draw irregular line template tool drafter quickly develop accurate drawing fig templates shapes drafters draw circles ellipses bolt heads templates nearly drafter draws beginning drafter circle template scales measuring drawings drawn size actual part parts small drawn actual size parts big fit drawing sheet drawn actual size scale drafter directly measure proportions figure large small line placing scale full size scale shows scale markings inch labeled
company drafting room lettering hand templates transferring letters sheet drawing machine complete scriber template lettering sets drafters illustrators sets consist scriber set sized templates pens sizes fig templates letters alphabet numbers engraved letters template horizontal groove called pin groove running face template size style lettering scriber template shown figure pin tail pin rides pin groove template pin left pointed known follower pin follows outline letter number cut template pin adjustable raise lower pen point adjusts touch pen point drawing paper let ink flow smoothly clean sharp letter pencil scriber seldom pens lettering sets wide range sizes range thin thick shown figure important correct pen thickness template small sized letters require thin pen large letters thick pen companies pressure sensitive letters large clear plastic sheet upper lower case letters numbers
angle formed lines meet point fig kinds angles acute exactly polygon closed figure straight sides regular equal sides equal angles polygon shapes drawn drafter regular figure shows commonly drafting triangle sided polygon fig major kinds triangles equilateral sides equal angles equal angle equals isosceles sides equal angles equal rectangle sided polygon fig rectangle opposite sides equal angles special rectangle square equal sides angles circle closed curve points distance center arc simply part circle terms fig circles arcs radius distance center edge circle drafter sets compass radius distance diameter distance side circle passes center diameter radius circumference distance circle find circumference multiply diameter called pi geometric construction simply drawing triangle square involves dividing lines angles finding tangent touching points constructing ellipse processes paragraphs geometric constructions frequently drafter job times drafter construct perpendicular line line line find center point line
times drafter divide line number equal spaces laying holes equally spaced line mm spacing calculated measurement spacing difficult simple divide line equal number spaces shown figure lightly construct perpendicular line end line divided place point scale end line divided choose convenient number equal distances measurement full inches turn scale unit needed number spaces falls constructed line fourth inch mark mark easily read equal distances inch mark project perpendicular line mark line line divided correct number equal spaces illustration triangle process works shape transfer shape position steps figure draw base line location line shape transferred identify point compass measure line transfer line transfer line base line swinging arc label points compass measure transfer line line transfer line swinging arc compass measure transfer line line
construction similar drawing arc arc straight line find center required arc follow steps shown figure set compass radius needed arc lightly draw arc radius point large arcs reset compass radius equal radius needed radius large arc highest point small arcs drawn draw lines parallel original arcs intersect note parallel means larger arc point intersection center required arc reset compass radius needed lightly draw required arc intersection found construct light tangent points check accuracy darken arc drafting habits stressed book especially important drafter develop habits laying drawing drafters gain experience develop procedures drafters strive produce neat drawings scale rate speed follow recommended procedures shown figures figure shows object drawn study try idea lay rough sketch object order calculate size determine basic shape figure think basic shape size piece material needed object size basic shape mm remember basic shape centered area
methods draw circles isometric views method shown commonly laid quickly compass circle drawn accurate method shown accurate takes lay construct irregular curve method points located isometric circle small isometric circles drawn isometric ellipse template template habit construct basic shape circle fits isometric square proper location starting draw isometric circle compare regular circle shown figure circle drawn square circle diameter length side key points intersection circle key points tangent points circle square method construct approximate isometric circle quickly method points key points need found circle construct isometric circle follows locate center circle drawn draw center point seen figure measure mark radius circle draw lines points construct basic shape circle drawn number key points clockwise key point draw line intersects upper lower corner basic shape shown figure intersection perpendicular lines drawn points center point arc circle drawn
remember alphabet lines cutting plane line thick black line ways shown figure cutting plane line extend mm object side arrows point direction object viewed line sight letters identification sectional view needed drawing labeled think cutting plane line location cut object saw object cutting plane line guideline saw cutting plane line view section view sectional view front view cutting plane line drawn top side view figure remember alphabet lines section lines thin black lines section lines slanted area sectioned draw section lines opposite direction fourth adjacent area sectioned section lines spaced mm mm usual spacing mm shown figure space section lines eye care section lines thicknesses black object lines drafters section lining symbols represent kinds materials fig
offset section similar full section cutting plane line drawn straight line offset section cutting plane line makes bends include features left straight cutting plane line straight cutting plane line figure includes large center hole sectional view show detail rest part especially holes offset section part shown figure cutting plane line makes bends include major features holes object sectional view clear understandable notice bends shown sectional view sectional views full half offset sections drawn usual multiview locations sectional view removed section drawn removed regular views removed section show portion object seen figure pass cutting plane line feature questionable area needs shown removed section point view needed sure add arrowheads direction view draw portion object cutting plane line passed section view draw part object cutting plane line shown figure notice height depth object measured drawn exact location cutting plane line cutting plane line left height depth section larger
development flat pattern pattern laid developed material object folded pattern produce final shape object sheet metal ducts heating air conditioning developments kinds developments parallel line radial line parallel line development fold lines parallel simple box parallel line development radial line development fold lines radiate point ice cream cone radial line development development imaginary triangles joined form object difficult kinds developments construct change air duct rectangular round simple cardboard box parallel line development drafter lay development cardboard box final size box box flat piece cardboard cut folded glued drafter visualize box look flat follow figures help visualize flat pattern box figure shows completed box proper final size top bottom unfolded box looks shown figure edge box seam figure seam open notice tab thin piece cardboard length dimension completely unfolded stretched box looks figure notice tab edge
cylindrical object fold lines rolled shape bent imaginary lines added reference points measurements lines similar developed auxiliary views establishing reference lines place fold lines procedure drawing cylindrical parallel line development angular development multiview drawing object shown figure slanted surface auxiliary view drawn divide round view top view equal spaces starting shortest line number points clockwise true distances found point point top view fig project lines front view numbered points find true length lines fig follow steps previous lay development notice figure top surface auxiliary view bottom surface top view drawn centerline object tabs needed round elliptical surface series notches shown figure object curved kink material spacing notches determined diameter curve object large diameter wider spaces notches small diameter radial line kind development drawn fold lines radiate point true lengths true distances parallel line development steps lay radial line development
base object round rectangular object means shape cone cone rolled folded shape means imaginary fold lines drawn object similar cylindrical parallel line development look figure development laid follow steps radial development apply steps needed cylindrical parallel line development notice true lengths found lines true distances found top view top object truncated cut radial line development needed lay cut angle auxiliary view needed find true size shape top figure remember transfer true lengths true distances notice true length found lay correct shape object difficult method develop object objects called transition pieces transition pieces shapes end examples figure transition pieces change shape round square round rectangular combination process imaginary triangles object achieve development methods true lengths distances found lines confusing point labeled track segment habit numbers end letters labels
engineering department drawings products improved products special custom orders functions vary company company fig engineering departments operate department sizes products manufacturing procedures differ company person charge engineering department ideas operate beneficial beginning drafter learn understand structure organization works engineering departments differ things common strives accomplished efficiently tries produce steady orderly flow drawings formal change order procedure record keeping system drafter follow company policy order contribute smooth working organization order sure product parts needed properly formal change procedure companies follow procedure similar company discovers change needed part product person writes description change engineering change request ecr form suggested change reviewed committee organized purpose change approved committee engineering change order issued drafting department simple required paperwork beginning drafter change original drawing revised drawing revised prints issued need title block drawing sheet special box identifying latest change drawing number letter record change
drawing numbering systems vary company company prefix letter identify paper size number means drawing numbered drawn size paper change numbers assigned drawings system devised company company parts sold company drafters quickly efficiently spend lot locating technical information drafters personal technical file folder ring binder close hand information looked belongs drafter personal technical file drafters today replaced computers tomorrow truth computer pencil drafting machine compass simply tool drafter computer needs person operate drafting room person drafting compare cad figure conventional drafting boards figure computer aided design cad allow drafter lay drawings quickly conventional methods fig drafter able research designs speed computer ability show effect changing part design rest fig computer aided design teamed computer aided manufacturing cad cam produce goods faster drafter cad unit figure locating points industrial robots spot weld side automobile body
difficult imagine present builders spacious houses comfortable apartments attractive public buildings efficient industrial plants visible signs progress prosperity serve constant reminders important role construction industry plays daily lives past generation home building developed industrial craft nation largest industries expansion resulting improved construction methods materials designs homes comfortable convenient support continued expansion building industry requires increasing number trained highly skilled building industry number occupations deals materials skills architects design buildings help engineers scientists specialists technical aspects building structurally sound efficiently designed building draftspersons draw architectural drawings prints appendix operators earth moving equipment clear ground dig holes needed lay foundations buildings carpenters cement masons bricklayers plumbers steam fitters refrigeration air conditioning floor layers construct building finally tile setters cabinet makers interior decorators turn constructed shell attractive building landscape gardeners contour plant grounds create beautiful setting building sheet metal workers play part building industry figure residential construction carpenter responsible woodwork added responsibility coordinating tradespeople carpenter generally worker site remains home completed
technical working drawings consists types plans elevations drawings building vertical plane front elevation shows house person standing front floor plans show layout details floor building detail plans show parts details portion house window cupboard drawn larger scale plans sectional plans show part building wall looks cut straight types plans include dimensions construction details information needed order build structure single view give complete picture looking views mental image house elevations views exterior building vertical plane referred front rear left elevation according position relative front building house elevations designed specific lot elevations referred direction side house faces figure shows west east north south elevations house elevations type shown figure drawn scale drawing equals structure elevation shown specifications house specifications duplicated added additional elevation west elevation builder house floor line grade line shows sizes types windows doors
lumber sold dimensional stock means logs cut planed standard sizes square edges common sizes lumber called trim stock cut special sizes shapes purposes door window trim shapes trim stock shown figure molding generally milled small stock sold linear foot moldings shown figure moldings prefinished plastic wide range shapes sizes colors siding materials lumber milled variety shapes widths covering frame buildings sheathing materials tongue groove stock matched material lumber products shown figure plywood manufactured wood revolutionized building industry carpenters longer limited wood board widths large plywood sheets building operations easier faster finished structure neater stronger higher strength mass ratio obtained lumber cut solid square edged stock plywood comprised veneer layers thin sheets wood sliced peeled log layers called plies laminated glued generally grain layer set angles grain preceding layer figure center ply thicker referred core stock achieve balanced appearance reduce likelihood warping odd number plies
orderly development urban areas important complex part country growth uncontrolled growth results unpleasant situation called urban sprawl job urban planners growth controlled recommend zoning plans enforced local governments zoning plans determine areas industrial residential purposes decide utilities required service areas planners account recreational facilities schools parks traffic arteries planning input concerned groups public meetings master zoning plan developed plan outlines term needs growth patterns area plan guide zoning bylaws regulations established laws allow maximum land regulate population density zoning areas single family dwellings multiple housing apartment buildings plans include recommendations upgrade existing utility services provide services meet present future needs aim master plan create environment living working area matter preparation foresight master zoning plan impossible anticipate social economic place master plan continual review abreast current needs residential areas zoning plans states required lot sizes required lot size frontage undue hardship landowner size shape land owner apply board appeal variance zoning restrictions
concrete high compression strength low tensile strength ability withstand twisting bending pulling reinforcing steel needed provide extra strength amount size steel imbedded concrete determined strength required compression strength concrete pounds square inch areas garage floors exterior steps concrete compression strength square inch days curing concrete blocks extensively residential construction reasons provide solid economic foundation built short period forms required concrete block foundation walls built footing arrangement poured concrete foundations location course blocks determined building lines manner poured walls limitations concrete blocks foundations thickness blocks determined distance wall grade wall lateral support top generally provided floor joists means homes blocks thickness required wall extends grade blocks thickness foundations hollow concrete blocks compression strength pounds square inch foundation walls longer pilaster provide lateral side support top course concrete block wall solid hollow cores filled concrete layer solid blocks
sill referred sill plate wood framing member rests directly top masonry foundation wall primary purposes establishes straight level solid bearing surface floor joists rest member bolted foundation tying wood framework masonry wall size placement sill foundation wall depends type house construction implemented noted straight stock sill framing lengths preferable fewer joints straighter wall sections older frame houses timber sills referred mud sills figure generally half lap joints corners building studding joists rested sill modern residential construction timber sills seldom sill function warrant member thick type sill disadvantage allowing air circulate basement space wall studs heating difficulties creates fire hazard type sill extensively homes box sill figure sill arrangement platform frame construction joists header rest outer edge sill subfloor plate turn nailed advantages fire stop forming firm base erect wall framing greatest advantages type construction saving labor convenience laying subfloor walls built
type sheathing sheet form gypsum board manufactured sheets thickness consists gypsum core sandwiched moisture resistant layers heavy paper gypsum board makes rigid sheathing lower insulation plywood sheets extensively sheathing properly nailed plywood makes rigid wall require sway bracing sheathing grade plywood thick generally primarily prefabricated homes plywood advantage providing surface strong types siding nailed lightweight easy apply economical sheathing sheets panels applied vertically side sheet parallel studding figure stronger rigid wall plywood sheets applied horizontally side sheet parallel plate figure sheets horizontally girths studding edges nailing support gypsum board exception rule edges groove edge making unnecessary short girths studs joints sheets applied horizontally vertical joints staggered nail spacing intervals edges sheets intervals intermediate supports rust resistant wire nails spiral barbed nails greater holding power gypsum board nails gauge shank diameter head
basically main types partitions bearing partitions help support roof ceiling cases support floor forming direct bearing girder double joists framing members non bearing partitions solely divide living area extend full distance floor ceiling frame brick veneer house partitions constructed stages main bearing partitions erected stiffen framework building tying center sections exterior walls rigid surface exterior wall sheathing nailed non bearing partitions built later house closed walls roof hand builders prefer build partitions bearing partitions girths short pieces stock nailed studs halfway wall prevent studs bowing weight imposed floor ceiling levels pieces staggered facilitate nailing figure arrangements doors archways support load double header set edge purpose truss room top door opening top wall methods shown figures studding load bearing partitions stock spaced centers building standards apply exterior walls
centuries houses complex larger roofs designed varied shapes slopes generally larger overhangs built wider range materials presently basic types roofs sloped flat variations simple type roof slopes direction figure mainly small buildings additions larger buildings parts house door entrances dormers wall structure built higher provide sufficient slope rafters rest plates walls shown figure gable roof common type roof today basic sloped roofs consists rafters meet center roof sloping directions structural details gable roof shown figures hip roof called cottage roof rafters arranged roof slopes directions rafters rest plates walls slope ridge building square slope point peak types rafters required frame regular hip roof figures hip valley roof roof sections intersect generally angle shown figure variations type roof sections hip gable end slope sections ridge higher elevation
begin consider gable roof basic types sloped roofs position rafters located plates outer edge rafter end plate framing square lay position succeeding rafters centers manner floor joists wall studding layout ceiling joists run direction rafters properly positioned nailed place rafter joist spacing generally spacing evenly total length roof extra rafter required side space rafter distance rafters layout plate rafter locations laid ridge board sections ridge required full length roof place ridge plate lines transferred plate ridge figure joints ridge occur center rafter location ridge sections nailed rafter layout completed ridge board side roof set plate rafter positions turn transferred plate insures rafter locations identical plates ridge
type sheathing extensively modern home construction fir plywood panels plywood strong base finished roof covering applied plywood tendency spring rafters strong support live dead loads roofs standard spaced rafters strength relation thickness due cross plies advantages plywood roof sheathing material rigidity bracing resistance racking nailing strength adequately holds shingle nails driven protrude underside plywood economy cutting waste minimized length panels corresponds standard rafter spacing large panels closes building rapidly represents saving labor compared types roof sheathing smooth flat surface affected shrinkage asphalt shingles lie flat smooth unsightly buckles raised edges plywood roof sheathing exterior type waterproof glue manufactured douglas fir western softwoods poplar wood figure plywood panel surface grain angles rafters end joints panels staggered joints adjacent panels rafter joints gap allow swelling expansion panels figure thickness plywood required rafter spacings noted thicknesses plywood rafter spacings require edge support stiffen
type built roof obtained spreading layer finely crushed stone slag gravel heavy coat hot asphalt cold tar method roof withstand wear weather walking requires heavier framework support gravel crushed stone add pounds square foot modern buildings type roof finely crushed pure white limestone lower roof temperature create attractive appearance hot temperature black roof white roof black surface absorbs heat types variations built roofs residential buildings shown figure similar principle types built roof meets vertical wall shown figure low parapet wall extends roof strip strip runs full length wall resting sheathing wall cut angle support felt roofing paper angle rolled wall short distance prevents paper punctured point roof flashed wall illustrated sketch step step procedure application ply built roof layer asphalt felt paper strips laid entire roof referred base sheet
homes constructed speculation objective selling perspective homeowner homes constructed designed specific client obviously homeowners vary desires styles living kitchen area reflects considerations living area home kitchens considered center living space food stored prepared served kitchen area functions performed effectively efficiently home developer carpenter observe basic considerations constructing kitchen step identify functions performed kitchen area functions food storage preparation space devoted entire kitchen area shelves cabinets counters appliances support functions efficient manner users space desire serve food area wish space area wash laundry functions incorporated kitchen area unique distinct space requirements basic kitchen designs reflect placement basic units functions store refrigerator cook stove prepare sink food functioning units arranged ways locating units designer recognize design placement function manner food travel excessive distances perform tasks considerations regarding space dictate sufficient surface areas items preparation process area traveled preparation food termed triangle points representing stove refrigerator sink
installing wall cabinets preferred carpenters able stand directly cabinet props hold desired level method reduces possibility damaging base cabinets fasten units floor order fastened wall secure units clamps checking sure top bottom join unit screws inserted front stiles manufactures holes figure locate studs wall cabinets fastened mark cabinet studs drill holes screws small cabinets span distance studs toggle bolts figure locate wall height cabinets tallest cabinet installation guide chalk line establish absolutely level line raise wall unit wall align top chalk line insert screws toggle bolts hold securely tighten check repeatedly level tightening screws bolts wall surface irregular shims insure squareness step step method install base cabinet check floor find level uneven find highest spot measure spot height base unit place mark wall strike chalk line point established height base units repeat steps installations wall units
nouns naming words naming word sentence subject nouns function subjects appositives clarifying words predicate direct indirect objects objects prepositions pronouns gerunds function ways nouns nouns clarify nouns pronouns called appositives appositives follow noun pronoun clarify set commas nouns rename subject called predicate subject sentence precedes predicate nominative nouns receive action sentence called direct objects direct objects answer question verb nouns indirectly receive action sentence called indirect objects indirect objects answer question direct object nouns preceded prepositions preposition shows relationship noun element sentence combination preposition objects called prepositional phrase sentences exemplify ways nouns function sentence pronoun word refers place noun difficult select correct pronoun naturally say pronouns confusing function placement sentence confusion results fact pronouns change form according function gross errors result pronouns misused form pronoun takes depends sentence
verbs forms denote specific action verbs present problems part speech explanations examples applications section provided help develop skills identifying action condition verbs discussion singular plural verbs regular irregular verbs included section emphasizes verb tenses help develop sentences action condition exists words express action condition called verbs entire book written verbs misuse forms meanings convey communications verbs complicated part speech variations denote show relationships express action modify nouns convey condition describe historical events express universal truths verbs tell subject subject subject verbs correctly everyday speech grew hearing verb forms correctly studying verbs idea read sentences aloud familiarize correct sound verbs troublesome misuse verbs creates gross errors communications sentence consist nouns pronouns acting subject spotting verb asking verb subject easily identified types verbs tell action performed subject verbs help understand performing action subject condition subject
verbs form past tense past participle adding ed present tense forms verbs called regular verbs form present participle adding ing present tense generally regular verbs present problems table illustrates principal parts regular verbs formed table past participle regular verb form past tense verb helping verb past participle saw illustrations verb verb change form tense verb form spelling communicate specific called irregular verb irregular verbs change word form tense change verb form true verbs verb doubt familiar irregular verb forms present problems study list irregular verb forms table subject verb agreement means verb agree subject number subject meaning number takes verb means number singular subjects verbs subject meaning number takes verb meaning plural subjects verbs grammatical errors subject verb agreement reasons sentence subject verb incorrectly identified number expressed subject misunderstood number expressed verb misunderstood refer earlier discussion verb tense examples singular plural forms verbs
punctuation marks sentences provide clarity meaning ease reading types internal punctuation common comma commonly misused punctuation mark comma semicolon colon presented section recall earlier school days commas slowdown signals reader speaker pause misplaced omitted commas gross errors confusion message missing comma sentence difficult impossible understand cases misplaced omitted comma intent message read sentences addition omission commas affects meaning sentence pair sentences shows commas change message shows omission commas create ridiculous situation commas correctly takes practice review common comma listed illustrated pages comma separate main independent clauses compound sentence clauses joined coordinating conjunction independent clause stand express complete thought words coordinating conjunctions comma coordinating conjunction join independent clauses compound sentence recognize independent clause remember coordinating conjunctions problem comma important exception comma independent clauses short words likely comma
important words definition communication word understood message known understood completely receiver feedback sender indicating message understood point empty coffee cup restaurant waiter giving feedback asking refill waiter saying pointing empty coffee cup assume want coffee asked wanted feedback vital effective communication feedback positive negative feedback message receiver wants hear called positive feedback feedback message receiver enjoy hearing negative feedback communication occur especially important feedback honest accurate positive negative suppose employee asks manager job completed satisfactory manner manager replies job employee proud employee received positive feedback respond pleasantly positive feedback hear business clothes attractive job frances wright tries hard pleasant say pleasant things office paid simple compliment george employee george frances nice compliment important fact say nice things appreciate enjoy working
communicating words recent form communication receive attention form communication recently begun realize importance significant communicating words communicating words impossible think communication consist words remember definition communication consists messages received reading examples understand meant sending receiving messages words san li lin wheel car stopped red traffic light adjusting car radio light turned green didn light change seconds driver car began blow horn words exchanged clear san li horn blast meant light changed moving light green gary moore working hard typing medical reports supervisor shortly leave proofread report took typewriter gary stapled reports carried supervisor norman handed reports smiled held hand formed circle thumb forefinger words message clear meant communicate thanks appreciate fact finished job nice employee numerous examples nonverbal communication employment settings handshaking waving shoulder shrugging frowning forms nonverbal communication
letters memorandums memos common form employer employee written communication purposes advantages similar appearance cost employers write letters memos primarily inform employees business activity affects employee employees asked action examples typical requests include procedure answering questions asked attend meeting keeping employees informed letters memos mutual advantages employers employees letters memos worded meaning message clear receives copy letter memo exactly information letters memos records help document messages letters memos reread especially helpful information complex personally rewarding letters memos favorable comments employers letters employees frequently deal personnel management personal concerns personnel items include complying federal laws inform employees personal rights access personnel files informing employees job benefits dollars invested retirement plans union company agreements special pay overtime notice disciplinary procedures personal letters supervisor high company executive include special recognition thank letters unique service company community invitations company sponsored events speakers educational programs picnics parties general rule letters home address employee memos hand give information routine business operations messages memos clarify procedures explain obtain things announce letters memos occasionally call action employees
set ideas unique called concept concept includes beliefs values feelings strengths weaknesses total awareness worth person chapter focuses concept vital role definitions play building maintaining family interpersonal relationships exploring assessing strengthening concept emphasized fig concept involved nearly aspects human exploring formation concept relationship personality roadblocks realizing definition helpful understanding feel behave interesting receive positive concept immunization receive basic shot infancy grow older periodic concept booster shots help protect aspects everyday lower concepts shots exist infancy immunization formation concept begins early age cultural learning major factor influencing individual concept cultural learning sum effect society culture environment individuals young children dependent families spend periods home environment family plays important role child cultural learning consider child attended talked encouraged part family activities praised loved feel worthwhile contrast consider child attended excluded family decision making activities criticized seldom loved feel worthwhile child think higher concept
words reactive describe personal action behavior behavior characterized action initiated things happen reactive behavior action response event leadership roles possess behavior likewise followers exhibit reactive behavior seeking creating opportunities behavior responding opportunities reactive behavior need reactive leaders followers planners instigators need successfully implement ideas seldom family member totally reactive experience part lives part reactive times behavior desirable encouraged instances behavior inappropriate reactive behavior proper occasions kinds behavior welcomed discouraged personal behavior reactive healthful behavior family members general fully functioning individuals need experience behavior act display leadership things happen personal behavior involving reactive behavior healthful behavior fail act react accept situations mentally unstable desperate unfortunate feel control means change lives unable find positive act react situations find gaining control part help move positive existence
values intrinsic extrinsic intrinsic values worth intrinsic values ends means examples intrinsic values valuing lovely antique simply enjoy valuing friendship simply enjoy person antique friendship intrinsic values extrinsic values means ways gain values desired results ends antique valued material worth means gain money extrinsic friendship valued benefit friendship crowd enable join club extrinsic values extrinsic intrinsic end means end simply enjoy writing newspaper articles reader praise news article considering intrinsic extrinsic worth gain clarity things act consider questions high grades knowledge skill represent intrinsic higher grades help college parents pay grades extrinsic spend energy wardrobe enjoy feeling looking intrinsic want gain approval admiration extrinsic art club enjoy expressing art form intrinsic art club prestigious organization sponsors parties extrinsic
families formed remarriage called stepfamilies blended families remade families children divorced natural parents part stepfamilies newly formed family mother newly formed family father stepfamilies children previous marriages parents children reside live natural parent children previous marriages children remade family predicted percent children born late live single parent families part childhood majority single parent families parent families single parents remarry stepfamilies provide source personal family growth living single family homes stepfamilies introduce special concerns confronted overcome arrangement success stepfamilies face adjustment problems intact families situation arises primarily newly formed family blend sets rules values family styles expectations differences clarified resolved ease period transition examples issues facing newly formed stepfamilies youngest child baby family suddenly gain younger likewise oldest child single parent family middle child child enjoyed family attention share attention children household chores responsibilites find taking turf unsure role feel role anymore
communication listening sharing information feelings effective communication satisfactory interpersonal relationships dating friendship family employment relationships depend skillful communication communication vehicle tool helps move relationship wheel communication helps move path intimacy heard say communicate person communicate anymore meant communication taking place communication poor difficult behaviors words saying important listen busy hear don sense person sending messages misinterpreted listening adequately skills interpersonal communication poorly carried communicating impossible communicate positive interpersonal communication brings positive concepts involved learn communicate positively learn positive rewarding relationships formed process communication presents risks feelings attitudes revealed shared inflict emotional pain risk outweighed benefits positive communication communication important interpersonal relationships family relationships specific communication concerns skills related directly family discussed chapter effective communication relationships discussed chapter nonverbal communication includes behaviors actions gestures ways communication spoken word early humans primarily nonverbal behavior communicate prior development human languages
context message situation message takes place mood feelings previous experiences physical setting level physical stamina part context factors affects communications relay messages telephone find difficult family members friends present context situation alters message person presence alter say likewise messages altered contextual situations situation anne liked carmen previously told tom relationship break tom interpret anne comments differently annie words meaning tom aware contextual situations affect communication try aware happened influence messages send receive coming coming phrases heard communication groups phrases attempts explain context situation speaker feels need say experienced situations colored statement messages simple statements fact feel think enjoy guitar playing need bigger evening meal feel sure pick mail makes feel find letters mailbox nervous upset hear argue messages statements speaker thoughts feelings lessen arguments conflict
americans spend watching television activity sleeping young graduate high school spent watching television classroom logged hours television viewing hours school young children watch average hours television week impact amount television viewing families habitual television viewing prevents family activities worthwhile endeavors general conversation family games sports neglected watch television studies shown students heavy television viewers able raise grades decreasing television viewing research elementary school students heavy television viewers physically fit students watch television children watch large amount television tend overlook family members role models establishing goals forming values children forming values goals based television television unrealistic violent television tends unrealistic characters television meant entertain inform hold interest characters beautiful wealthier average plots involve crime sexual activity exists real television meant mirror society children assumption researchers effects television violence children sensitive suffering pain afraid behave aggressive harmful manner
efforts need distinguish purpose communication mother says teenage son wearing jacket today asking plans stop dry cleaners jacket planning wear son assume overly protective indicating able wear jacket answer rudely generate argument clarifying statement stopping dry cleaners want jacket conflict prevented parent child grandparent child parent grandparent child relationships involve situations person dominance power older feel experience force leadership topic issue discussed talking younger feel aware current situations awareness counteract experience idea thinks anymore live today ancient times party wants tell things situation issue handled situations easy forget messages telling important listening family communication generations put ideas concerns likely successful positive communication patterns minimize dominance power allow open sharing ideas communication skills applied highly beneficial intergenerational communication families involve love care communication reflect personal intimate emotional concerns
families found planned activity eliminating television night week hours night increased family interaction sharing avid television watchers determine evening viewing pleasure families discovered quality presentations evening radio declared radio night week found interact getting involved discussing radio programs television programming establish family traditions traditions need major expensive provide continuing dependability security family families choose special food night lasting tradition spaghetti night chinese food night mexican food night family library night stop ice cream pizza special brunch church temple services trip zoo spring special treat annual leaf raking yard traditions established add feelings continuity togetherness actual event matters thought major traditions highlighted greater emphasis holiday seasonal activities family celebrations birthdays capitalized families promote sharing focus fun figure method enrich families successful holding family meetings family meetings conferences planned established times members meet discuss activities share families establish rotating roles responsibilites sessions food organizer activity game arranger moderator clean person
parents need consistent children guidelines rules consequences rules parental behavior general remain consistent running street wrong wednesday wrong friday discipline disobedience cases children grow older begin understand variations parental behavior curfew altered special occasion rules regarding car overlooked neighbor injury needs emergency medical treatment adolescents general consistency treatment security stability confident expect allowing children realize consequences behavior parenting tool child eat dinner dessert young person stays late car consequences effective clear situation arises consequences natural behavior effective child runs fast steep sidewalk fall child continually late dinner able enjoy conversation family parents allow child face natural consequences helping child understand consequences faced adult driving fast result auto accident late result fired regardless situation parent needs communicate respect child child major error judgment deliberately parent wishes parent show respect child worthwhile person
percentage aging american society growing aging population grows larger diverse variety backgrounds experience extended spans individuals created aging population clustered terms personality needs behavior early america persons conservative dress thought family members received pleasures experiences today independent style involved society aware current thought behavior variety ages subsequent variety aging population underscored special needs aging society aging continue need material items services food clothing shelter health care needs continue increase growing number aging aging population require greater variety goods services meet needs health care services adapted mobile healthy financially stable immobile sick poor numbers increase aging population move wanting goods services demanding aging constitute large percentage voting population aging begin demands business industry spending dollars grow likely goods services change accommodate needs expanding aging population examples occur representation aging media including advertisements
desert withdraw abandon fail need desertion occurs frequently society limited adults deserting spouse children aging persons young adults teens adults leave homes families providing knowledge destination desertion brings mind leaving wife children stereotyped description due traditional role responsibility family family members responsibility teenager runs aging person walks nursing home wife leaves children spouse turned responsibility family members individuals father deserts family allowed pressures stress override responsibility methods dealing pressures need developed unlike divorce figures facts dates plentiful desertion unstudied formal means count number desert families registration courts definite social legal process exists legal systems vague constitutes desertion vagueness desertion makes difficult cope divorce divorce contracts family mutual consent spouse want divorce face situation accept action desertion heavy impact spouse family members allowing voice decision making process adjust action desertion creates uncertainty concerned deserter loses respect deserted family members lose respect
personal wants consumer goods services satisfy needs activity act economic goods services called consumption consume goods called consumers newborns senior citizens consumers economic goods services consumed produced making producing economic goods services called production resources land labor capital give production persons part production economic goods services called producers activities consumption production related favorite performers music favorites billy joel wanted hear billy joel person person record tape wanted enjoy consume music production economic resources required concerts records billy joel singing provided labor resource needed produce concerts records company records producer promoters set billy joel live concerts producers production order economic goods wanted consumption larger scale economic goods services consumers consumption important activities addition producing want producers production important economic activities
americans won war independence job setting government guard newly won freedom plan finished known constitution united states setting government wanted sure economic political freedoms protected political freedom obtained american free choose kind government kind economic system wanted power chosen government control ideas free market economy deal political freedom political freedom closely tied economic freedom pure free market economy government supposed interfere economy government duties maintain standards money weights measures provide services fire police defense protection protect individual rights court system industrial revolution beginning american manufacturing opening american west led desire government intervention government began provide money building setting banks railroads canals regulations instituted control operation services addition american manufacturers wanted favored foreign producers result protective tariff laws instituted tariff charge levied goods services coming country shown figure numerous tariffs instituted
today certainly complicated tribal times specialization greater huge variety goods services result specialization labor capital farm output feed rest result specialized land capital problems specialization division labor extreme worker spend entire small task worker bored feel role importance problem worker specialized need arises worker change job producers exercise care concern labor specialization resources production specialized output produced specialized demand results specialization product young prefer desire styles sizes producers produce specialized cars recent demand smaller high mileage cars reduced production supply large gas country visit shopping center allow specialization action stores restaurants service businesses providing specialized products meet specialized demand products services sold produced efficiently specialization labor capital natural resources steam engine invention machines started industrial revolution today living revolution technological revolution technology applied science production process
general monopolies public private public monopolies businesses owned operated government public monopolies provide services community examples include building public roads providing public schools providing emergency services private monopolies owned operated individuals shareholders large private monopolies exist today exist production aluminum nickel diamonds special form private monopoly investor owned utility investor owned utility owned individual shareholders investors controlled government agencies privately owned regulated monopolies called public utilities local telephone electric companies public utilities favor free enterprise competition united states monopolies exist monopolies originate reasons possession special talent granting privilege ownership capital sports field possess abilities outstanding talent able command large sums money performances muhammad ali command payment million dollars single boxing match areas music art performing arts possessors unusual skills abilities receive rewards absence competition creates monopoly specially gifted creates odd situation inequality equality pays private monopolies start granting privilege government privilege form franchise patent copyright
april took city wage earner buy number goods services amount bought prices course say thing money fact able buy number goods amount money matter importance measure prices money prices affect try answer questions chapter easy compare price date price date say difficulty money terms changed wish purchasing power money terms goods services changed difficult problem prices goods lower prices higher method measuring price level price index price level average price number goods price index shows average price group goods compared price base base period price index calculated average price base index number
currency put goods kinds money olden times desired nearly medium exchange early writers tell centuries ago cattle money homer famous greek writer stated armor ancient heroes worth head oxen american indians wampum colored beads shells trading goods eventually wampum medium exchange american colonists general assembly jamestown virginia passed law resulted making tobacco money later corn musket balls money massachusetts assembly south carolina passed law providing rice pay taxes subsequently rice general money colony tennessee kentucky settlements deer raccoon skins circulated place coins money alternative economic called commodity money corn rice mentioned eaten animal skins clothing widely commodity money gold silver coins early history citizen bring gold silver united states treasury metal coins money person need large amount money heavy dangerous carry gold silver coins civil war treasury began issue gold silver certificates return gold silver coins
united states largest gross national product gnp average person living united states today live nation productive lived country ago poor today lived gross national product grown grown growing living look live today think poor compared measure gnp production income grew average annual rate percent growth happen gnp grew faster gnp grow gnp declined periods prosperity periods prosperity production growing jobs making higher wages larger profits finding opportunities jobs businesses history economic prosperity economic decline economic decline jobs scarce advancement possibilities history times bad times bad times times called story boom bust economy grown large productive called economic growth growth steady economy shown stability growth gnp employment ups downs economic activity called business cycles
war total annual spending governments federal government greater part governmental spending goes education public welfare highways expenditures include health government protection economic development debt repayment interest debt public utilities growing belief provide support services provided local governments say instance assume greater part cost public education pointed cities communities able maintain adequate schools states sections children educational advantage teachers modern equipment provide sections means raising funds support schools inadequate poorly paid teachers meager equipment provided balance educational opportunities bearing expense public education argument expanded recent favor federal aid education regulations industries promotion health activities designed benefit public considered responsibility responsibility local governments greater demands services constantly local governments main sources revenue consumption property taxes grow rapidly demands services familiar growing needs society financial squeeze local governments reached critical stage
united states taxation major purposes paying government expenses modifying business cycles traditionally general principle taxation country obtaining funds pay expenses government rule local lawmaking bodies legislatures congress professed idea levying taxes principle accepted taxes levied according ability pay theory benefits theory large incomes taxed small means getting money finance government activities progressive income tax rates helped accomplish goal proceeds higher taxes paid larger incomes provide public service fourth revenue collected federal government provide military defenses national security federal budget fiscal called approximately billion spent defense counting billion veterans benefits extent federal government taxation means modifying ups downs economic activity recession depression decrease taxes tax consumers money spend creates demand goods turn stimulates production business economic recovery tax act substantially reduced income tax rates tax rebates recession means stimulating economic activity future increasing possibly taxation government spending attempt stabilize business cycles promote economic growth topic discussed fully chapter
supply funds amount dollars individuals businesses offer specific rates interest quantity funds supplied increases interest rate rises decreases interest rate falls accepted higher interest rate save lower rate save economists believe interest rates greatly affect amount savings say equally important matter liquidity preference means preference savings cash things easily changed cash liquidity precaution need investment speculation future stronger liquidity preference higher interest rate paid part liquidity general sources funds savings individuals families savings businesses extensions bank credit majority individuals families save small part incomes fact unable save hand find easier save deal income savings individuals families middle upper income groups businesses especially corporations provide considerable part total savings country decision part corporations profits paid stockholders dividends rests board directors profits paid dividends retained business savings rule savings purchase additional equipment expansion business
major goal labor unions betterment economic condition members goal achieved means collective bargaining collective bargaining refers making agreements union employer concerning wage rates hours matters union leaders feel collective bargaining labor secure rightful share national income order accomplish major goal unions maintain requirements met union recognized employer means employer agrees bargain collectively union agent employees union strength security union represent workers employer weaken union union able reach satisfactory agreement employer pursuing major goal economic betterment members unions seek achieve specific goals specific goals achieved collective bargaining carefully spelled collective bargaining agreement reached employer specific goals establish standard wage rates increase maintain real wages benefits improve working conditions increase job security standard wage rates fixed wage rates types union tries fix hourly wage rate set number hours worked extra wage payment added overtime workers paid unit produced union tries fix piece rate aim union prevent competition workers jobs standardized wages tend equalize labor costs industry
discussed chapter sources corporations funds pay operations purchases capital discuss effects inflation sources funds corporations reinvestment sale stock borrowing internal funds business profits retained business reinvestment inflationary times corporations retained earnings reinvestment avoids need borrow external funds high interest rates corporation avoids worry repaying borrowed funds later date corporations issue stock dividends cash dividends earnings retained reinvestment external funds business external funds sale stock borrowing corporations issue major forms stock common stock preferred stock recall chapter preferred stockholders receive fixed amount dividends order sell preferred stock inflationary times corporation offer dividend high compete interest stockholder receive reason corporations favor issuing preferred stock inflationary times corporations willing issue common stock inflation dividends fixed interested buying common stock price common stock increase prices increase fact attracts stock buyers help inflation inflation cost borrowing high order borrow money corporation pay high rates interest high interest rates percent shut borrowing corporations borrow rate return money greater interest rate paid borrow
ways interest earned include purchase bonds annuities bonds represent loan corporation government issues interest bonds fixed amount paid bondholder corporate government bonds purchased directly individuals corporate bonds face municipal government bonds face ways invest bonds smaller amounts money mutual fund funds invested diversified group bonds stocks corporations company obtains funds selling shares company funds invested company securities corporations considered financially sound managed mutual funds hold government bonds number individuals families hold mutual fund shares increased greatly outlet investment funds mutual funds vary quality managerial ability united states treasury began practice selling bonds comparatively small denominations individuals bonds referred savings bonds series bonds called defense bonds called war bonds savings bonds continued sold end interest rate savings bonds low encourage buy hold bonds savings bonds paid higher interest issued sales bonds disappointing november treasury proposed savings bond series bonds issued denominations
dramatic took place structure united states labor force percent women non institutional population labor force compared percent women entered labor force percentage share total labor force rose percent percent result women working home family changed women lawyers accountants doctors managers addition women working blue collar jobs substantial increases number blacks minorities labor force took place change labor force increase number white collar jobs percentage workers white collar jobs rose percent labor force compared percent continuation shift blue collar white collar jobs robots computers innovative techniques perform routine mechanical believe industrial robots factories cad cam systems flourish cad cam acronym computer aided design computer aided manufacturing cad portion system design parts quickly submit tests omits need endless drawings prototypes cam portion involves computers production process turnaround business investment productivity expected favorable tax policies begun economic recovery tax act encourage savings investment worker productivity
past decade social security system run financial problems social security based heavily pay system means current wage earners taxed order provide payments retired ratio current workers approximately projected ratio fall financial burden social security system grow retire retired live longer addition burden providing benefits pressure inflation led higher benefits effort protect purchasing power expected future social security taxes increased benefits modified social security funds supplemented general tax revenues international trade west germany japan challenged united states dominance foreign markets domestic economic growth advancement productivity envy past nations surpassed capita output income gap united states nations narrowed saw flood imports especially japan western european nations late balance trade fell chronic deficits imports autos steel textiles shoes caused unemployment rise domestic industries recent purchase united states industrial firms banks hotels large tracts land foreigners accompanying establishment factories united states foreigners international area anticipate continuation export subsidies foreign aid contributions international organizations united states
writer meaning clear words punctuation page help questions reader special care message clear appealing try find phrasing anticipate details reader need decide comparison contrast clarify idea influence reader favorably process requires adopt attitude message reader viewpoint imagination anticipate reader reactions difficulties questions reader want ask insights revise message intelligently eliminating difficulties send message reader find message easier understand pleasant read oral messages limitations recorded oral messages disappear moment re spoken speaker means speaker actually says addition listeners think speaker thinks opportunities misunderstanding discussions oral agreements fade danger misunderstandings increases forget heard remember part part remember accurate recordings helpful re recordings provide conclusive evidence preliminary understandings reached orally business confirm understandings writing written messages statements form permanent record business operations transactions agreements company receiving message keeps original copy files company sending message keeps photocopy carbon copy computer print message
electronic communication makes send information speed light information written spoken words numbers pictures sophisticated electronic equipment valuable extent information conveyed accurate reliable information interpreted correctly ability speak write english understand hear interpret read important age electronic conversing face face handling telephone call participating speaking listening skills composing message pen typewriter word processor writing skills message arrived united states postal service electronic mail reading interpretation skills recent advances electronic technology led astonishing improvements businesses deal information allow companies handle greater speed accuracy information handled handled electronic technology led total information processing systems allow information created processed stored retrieved communicated total information processing systems subsystems small systems subsystem function information rapidly accurately completely previously word processing preparing text messages letters memorandums reports documents documents prepared means persons data processing handling collections data needed business operations collections include detailed records accounts kinds
clarity message requires readable sentences readability results strong sentence structure word selection reasonably short sentences strong sentence structure depends factors coherence unity emphasis think cue factors initial letter word coherence requires words phrases clauses sentence fit properly sentence makes sense unity requires sentence characteristics independent grammatical unit emphasis requires sentence highlight important subordinate secondary sections show cue factors writing effective sentences addition strong sentence structure clarity depends words rule choosing words simple say mean mean say specific guidelines help apply rule words familiar readers prefer simple words words readers don understand meaning won clear phrase sentence word meaning words meanings sentence context surrounding language show reader meaning applies meanings apply reader lost notice word appeared sentence ms warren appeared council writer mean ms warren addressed council answered questions writer mean ms warren showed earlier council consider word reservation sentence reservation noted writer referring reservation hotel accommodations writer referring concern expressed meaning sentence need competent secretaries
importantly vary length paragraphs short paragraphs easy read understand don rely exclusively monotonous relief break series paragraphs contrast important points stand line paragraph highlight major point serves heading material headings similarly paragraphs longer paragraph provide welcome change paragraph elaborate point presented short paragraph explanatory paragraph divide subject parts deal parts separately readers frequently need detailed presentation kind avoid paragraphs succession limit longer paragraphs ten lines paragraphs longer complicated confusing paragraphs alike vary style length sentences questions polite instructions statements adjusting pace presentation effective vary paragraphs points business messages require explanation analysis illustration pace presentation necessarily slow contrast meaning points clear target audience elaboration series points require explanation present list minimal discussion illustration pace presentation fast provide additional variety presenting key points point view decide key idea positive point view
pat reaction reading draft tone wrong fact draft tone suggests pat insensitive egotistical tone pat wants convey persuade ms carter invite pat interview tone draft likely discourage ms carter pat identifies main undesirable tone excessive especially prominent positions complimentary conscious phrasing truly substitute paragraph features draft suggest personal characteristics disadvantages dealing public revising draft pat aim friendly tone pleases compliments ms carter fact aim exactly tone attitude travel representative dealing client tone pat mind require revision sentence reference consideration pat finds recurring weakness draft sentences tell carter agency pat pat agency finds statements implications paragraphs emphasis reinforces message ego centered tone pat decides statements advantages appointment carter deleted wants focus message ability serve served carter matter concern coldness impersonality salutation dear madam places unnecessary barrier ms carter pat knows ms carter manages agency hiring pat decides adopt friendly personal salutation dear ms carter
letter appearance influences reader reaction letters attractive proper stationery balance center letter page neat accurate want read message packaging pleasing eye suggestions help accomplish goal business letters typed standard size letterhead plain paper size color quality additional pages short letters smaller letterheads executive size half size personal letters personal stationery similar size purchased preprinted heading white stationery acceptable white stationery popular paper light colored tint widely business letters typed personal business letters written pen typewriter typing preferred personal letters written pen typewriter pencil acceptable inks colors personal personal business letters black blue whichever method color finished product neat clear remember purpose communicate confuse reader illegible writing poor typing center letters page frame adequate margins table help place typewritten messages properly practice learn estimate letter length place letters attractively aid course word processing equipment design letters vdt screen technique complete control appearance letters printed
refusing request sensitive matter case study show win business handle refusal teacher emerson sees copy textbook teachers conference review briefly thinks text looking replace school department chairperson emerson authority order copies wants study book depth ordering copies writes publishing company request complimentary desk copy request complimentary copy today economy received study classes high school rules explicit circumstances submit order book supply desk copy teacher book don submit order desk copy contracts authors require pay royalty copy shipping department makes difference copy sold desk send desk copy submit order reply discourteous shortsighted emerson react reply want business company treats prospective customers manner reaction affect attitude textbook imagine negative message trigger negative feelings emerson company policy stated letter written positively
castro home furnishings responsible damage want save valued customer trouble writing claim letter transit company decide ship ms kiley vase file claim transit company want ms kiley experiences inconvenience ask open package vase delivery person leaves need obtain broken vase evidence claim transit company send company representative ms kiley home pick broken vase soon receives avoid complications occur vase damaged return shipment write adjustment letter ms kiley explaining decisions manager adjustment department fashions mail order clothing firm business conducted catalog sales send customers mailing list monthly brochures order cards garment examine simply complete return order card send item trial period merchandise returned end days computerized accounting system automatically posts cost merchandise customer account issues bill november receive package pairs slacks priced arnold enclosed package letter explaining received slacks november realized immediately material light weight leaving trip florida asked brother return slacks
plan sales message identify selling features fulfill specific customer needs choose central selling feature feature promises greatest advantage prospective buyer consider situation heating company developed electric bathroom heater heater qualities design choice colors efficient operation single switch operation instant heat silent motor reasonable price heater unique feature built thermostat automatically turns heater temperature selected thermostat permits automatic temperature control helps save electricity user conserves energy saves money fuel bills enjoying ideal bathroom temperature let assume wish market thermostatically controlled electric bathroom heater match product description wants needs readers keeping mind wants readers vary electric appliance dealer stress competitive price desirable thermostat feature ecology minded buyer emphasize idea conserving electrical energy buyer interested reducing fuel bills point heater efficiency buyer wishing modernize existing bathroom describe heater attractive design availability decorator colors ready choose central selling feature feature emphasize decide emphasis sales message expand central selling feature presenting details feature facts explain advantages round presentation touching product features buyer attracted heater design decorator colors
neat designed letter application establish contact employer winning favorable attention experience employers prepared applications applicants knowledgeable competent eager job impression want job application letter typed plain fine quality bond paper matching envelope paper inches standard business letter size type letter application typewritten application professional easier read employer asks application handwritten follow instruction enclose typewritten copy procedure enables carry employer directions gain advantage providing typed copy arrange text application symmetrically framing letter picture highlight noteworthy items effective organization paragraph attract favorable attention applying specific opening learned opening clear interested position advertisement atlanta daily news april need private secretary consider applicant position applying specific job demonstrate understand employer job requirements draw preliminary analysis demonstrate understand employer needs understand require young person familiar office procedures person effective dealing public high school education including general business training part letter present aims interests points strengthen employer desire learn
manager assigning report decides objective scope audience decisions based part relationship benefits report bring company costs preparing writer understand decisions plan report determining objective scope audience report managers weigh benefits costs report company intends report attract potential investors report form appearance special importance extra costs assure attractiveness report circumstances business reports expensive prepare number reasons business report requires management determining need limitations report preparing business report requires staff effort expertise office space supplies equipment purposes business report requires specialized services data processing statistical analysis printing graphic presentations report completed management spend evaluating report information decision making assigned prepare business report understand objective scope audience simplest check understanding correct submit title overview believe report goals supervisor misunderstanding resolved begins procedure assures full communication person assigning report person preparing procedure save effort money frustration report writers understand assignment set select assemble information needed accomplish report goals
compose body report follow writing guidelines discussed earlier section heading step draft report clear accurate statements simple direct precise objective tone introduction leads reader body report purpose introduction orient reader problem explain purpose report discuss sources methods investigation introduction wish discuss origins extent implications problem include explanations investigative techniques technical terms special equipment prepare report introduction reader understand report prepared overcame difficulties encountered preparing report report contribute solution problem introduction helps establish credibility report report writer introduction leaves reader confident writer investigative procedures understanding problem reader likely rely report making decisions text main part body presents evidence preliminary help greatly preparing text revised preliminary outline final outline main topics want include order topics final outline sentence form carefully phrased topic sentences important paragraphs final outline headings sections present findings cite sources information data corporate report government document book
type salutation line line inside address attention line beginning left margin capitalize word titles names capitalize word dear comes reason address letter company person salutations ladies gentlemen gentlemen dear sir madam colon salutation mixed punctuation omit colon open punctuation begin body message line salutation left margin block style modified block style indented ten spaces modified block style single space business letters memorandums double space paragraphs follow guidelines order punctuation marks spacing punctuation marks section general comma period precedes closing quotation mark semicolon colon follows closing quotation mark question mark exclamation point punctuating quotation precedes closing quotation mark question mark exclamation point punctuating enclosing construction follows closing quotation mark leave spaces mark end sentence spaces colon ending independent clause space comma semicolon follow guidelines dividing words expressions end line section general divide word syllable break leaves divided word easy read hyphen divide word end line link elements compound expressions dash hyphens typed spacing
business report relies source materials provide list materials list called bibliography prepare bibliography arrange alphabetical order list sources preparing report list include materials referred footnotes materials writing report list according author author unsigned according important word title forms footnotes items bibliography differ author bibliography items alphabetized basis contrast middle initial author order footnote differences involve spacing punctuation line entry bibliography begins spaces left additional lines contrast line footnote indented spaces begins reference number typed half space line entries author give author entry omission typing place hyphens period entries patricia model entries table model entries table include works cited model footnotes compare entry footnote reference preparing bibliography follow detail format contents punctuation type entry
aware ways computer affects daily ways aware let look benefits computer individual businesses known information utilities large computers store huge groups information things groups information known data bases obtain information topics read daily news play games airline reservations obtain latest stock market quotations perform activities range services provided information utilities continually increasing information information utility small computer device known modem attaches small computer phone line communication set computer large computer pay fee utility amount computer hooked services utility require payment additional fees banks computers nearly bank offers electronic teller shown figure service hours customers prefer machine human teller hours bank open growing numbers banks offering bill payment phone services services tell bank address business pay regular basis account number business payments month rent mortgage payments scheduled automatic payment items vary amount phone bill electric bill paid instruct computer
persons concern loss privacy caused computers information millions stored thousands computers country personal privacy begins disappear charge account opened checking account bank opened filing income tax return personal privacy lost businesses collect information person privacy lost information obtained need problem privacy greater misinformation passed charge account billing errors give persons poor credit ratings billing errors corrected credit ratings changed due oversight growth number computers definitely caused employment market blue collar jobs eliminated businesses replace manual labor highly automated production lines robots white collar jobs including mid management affected computers greater degree decision making ability begin persons fear future classes jobs highly paid positions top managers computer experts large numbers persons low paying low skill service jobs persons think employment opportunities eliminated future holds accurately predicted obvious lot retraining figure persons resigned going related careers technology progresses help things perspective consider outcry took place dial telephone invented putting large numbers telephone operators temporary unemployment
case data goes computer processing processing includes things arithmetic making comparisons putting data desired order computers follow processing steps human mind step leading desired result included processing plan steps logical order steps left steps order logic laying solution problem computer won produce desired result true wrong answers wrong decisions processing data finished output takes place output process storing processed information communicating user stored information needed case information eventually reach user user human hand user information system unusual cycle input processing output times making purchasing decisions writing term papers making purchasing decision collect information product prices stores input stage passes data brain brain processes data decides store purchase store purchase item completing output phase cycle writing paper decide subject consider outline kinds things want say subject collect facts reading interviews expert opinions
bar code scanner read bars lines printed product bars represent data generally printed code known universal product code upc code printed product product manufacturer series vertical bars varying widths reflect laser beam scanner bars coded form numbers shown figure digits bottom stand manufacturer processor item digits identify product manufacturer processor note bar code scanner read actual digits reads coded bar representation digits design bars scanners codes read direction angle shown figure retail stores especially grocery stores bar code scanners automate check process bar code scanners transmit product identification characters directly computer computer looks correct price description data previously stored table customer sales slip listing names items purchased items automatically deducted store inventory store managers system instant inventory control addition store need prepare price tags cashiers need key prices saved errors reduced bar code scanners industries retail business postal service places bar codes letters automatic routing mail banks united states magnetic ink character recognition data input
video display common devices computer output especially suited interactive applications requiring input output reservation systems word processing video displays crt methods displaying data common learned chapter video display frequently combined keyboard unit known video display terminal computers attached standard television set serves video display home televisions totally unsuitable computer systems due television sets display limited number characters screen number limited business information processing video displays business information processing lines characters displays columns common display lines display equivalent printed pages text video displays color means color common display colors green amber white full color displays coming greater excellent job presenting information easy understand form graphic chart drawing picture looks color applications involving words numbers color displays harder read reason displays easily switch color figure note appearances graphics text displays primary methods moving output computer video display method character codes transmitted processor display
learned chapter auxiliary storage storage part memory main storage line processor auxiliary storage control processor device store record data instructed processor instructed read play data processor auxiliary storage devices sequential access random access devices sequential access term describe device records reads data sequence random access term describe device directly location data read data front sequential access storage device cassette tape player tape player fourth selection actually winding tape matter tape play fast forward wait move past unwanted selections random access storage device hand stereo record set needle exactly desired selection needle play unwanted selections data processed computer recorded magnetic disk disks especially applications data random order application airline reservation system airline reservation system caller interested flight los february want fly london january
computer information system computer system information processing computer information systems stand units processor serves user user word processing accounting number applications systems able serve user airline reservation system able reservation requests thousands terminals earlier chapters noted differences processing data applications reservation system require data processed immediately creation kinds data number hours worked employees saved accumulated processed chapter look information systems ways section classify information systems sharing networks distributed processing networks network collection processors terminals serves user communicating sharing distributed processing refer hardware connected serve user end section find communication place parts system located sharing system input devices terminals attached processor users terminals kinds computer sharing system put illustrated figure figure shows known star network terminals connected processor points star
real system data input processed immediately creation systems function real systems imagine airline reservation system real system phone airline request seat flight reservation agent writes request reservation agent customers night flight requests fed computer computer makes reservations prints lists reservations don call airline agent searches printout tells desired flight full space flight request flight agent writes night request goes computer compare happens call airline agent airline reservation center figure keys desired flight availability flight shown agent crt required information immediately keyed ticket reserved real system input devices line computer data stored input devices communication set computer auxiliary storage data stored computer program written real processing diagram figure shows simplified system flowchart airline reservation system input system consists flight schedules aircraft capacity aircraft hold reservation requests
previous sections learned operating system establishes communication parts computer system instructions writing reading auxiliary storage printing utility programs designed perform routine functions disk copying user interfaces programs operating system commands easier comparison software mentioned essentially directed computer operation applications software directed problem solving requirements user controlling computer general purpose aid utility applications software consists programs designed perform desired user applications software accounting mailing list processing serving retail store point sale check system applications software canned custom written canned software easily adapted business situations making choices capabilities canned software inflexible changing business operating suit software custom written software specially prepared business operates custom written software generally expensive canned software applications custom written programs ensure job exactly required literally hundreds areas application programs written couple examples historically accounting applications computerized business seen payroll computer
company started employee profit sharing program managers stores meet exceed sales quotas receive stock corporation manager eligible free vacation trips store performance goal row application set stand fashion data program entered hand terminal data stored file fields growing number stores decided install computerized inventory system system keeps equipment hand stores quantity food item store store managers report food items headquarters week amounts subtracted inventory headquarters ships food central warehouse adds quantities inventory decided replace cash registers computerized point sale system system store automatically looks price food item purchased customer reducing errors cashiers system totals sales cashier transmits orders kitchen proper food prepared computer applications shown figure let look characteristics system applications totally separate data files data files designed meet requirements application data contained file employees names found payroll file profit sharing file figures payroll profit sharing inventory files reproduced general ledger files
understanding basic works learning language easier basic language frequently set interpreter discussion limit basic interpreter high level languages basic translates english instructions machine language execution processor unlike basic includes software entering program computer memory saving auxiliary storage separate word processor text editor required fact directly enter program computer memory basic fact basic interpreted language modes ways operating modes execution mode deferred execution mode execution mode effect instruction entered immediately carried deferred execution mode effect instruction part program carried entire program run execution mode quickly arithmetic problems writing program let look examples things basic execution mode examples words basic understands shown red punctuation symbols basic understands shown red words entered programmer shown blue output produced basic black keyword print computer understands display words numbers screen shown examples want repeat instruction execution mode reenter instruction deferred execution mode instruction preceded line number
pascal advantages programming language primary advantage pascal language encourages programming techniques program named variables program parts written goto commands reduced goto commands makes programs easier follow programmer invent data types advantage discussed section commonly data types primary structure pascal language standard meaning programs standard features easily executed computers manufacturers language pascal disadvantages pascal free form language harder learn basic remember required structure leads programs easier understand standard pascal weak areas handling strings characters nearly suppliers pascal added extensions versions language extensions frequently making impossible run programs written version language version pascal interpreted language word processor text editor enter programs finding correcting problems easy basic section give understanding general ideas pascal language reading section specific programming examples easier understand high level languages pascal translated machine language execution computer
slide rule conceived william consists outer rule central sliding rule rules divided scales rules moved backward forward selected number scale lines selected number scale desired result read scale slide rule shown figure widely engineers scientists recently electronic calculator put slide rule business development mechanically operated adding machines calculators began early developers discussed sections invented mechanical adding machine shown figure capable carrying tens automatically machine consisted wheels cogs teeth numbers engraved wheel represented units tens hundreds wheels turned numbers appeared window top machine units wheel turned digit tens wheel left reflect carry add stored wheel turning wheel appeared window wheel turned places procedure resulted carry accomplished series gears arranged turned wheel result appeared windows tens units wheels gottfried von drew plans calculator multiply divide count add subtract drawing machine shown figure
oscar david invented ten key adding listing machine machine introduced keyboard arrangement standard calculators business offices basic keyboard arrangement today electronic calculators development proceeding calculating machines idea processing data introduced late punched card punched cards record factual information herman developed entirely system processing data punched paper tape punched cards early control weaving machines punched card principle weaving patterns rugs automatic loom perfected joseph principles early applications adapted census bureau independent inventor contracted bureau help speed sorting tabulating census data apparent ten tabulate census figures type automation worked code representing census information system punched holes paper strips later changed standard sized card paper strips developed machine capable processing statistical information punched cards system included cards card punch sorting box tabulator equipped electromagnetic counters equipment cards sorted rate cards minute data appearing cards tabulated counted rate cards minute figure shows punched card machine system process census
early computers known generation computers vacuum tubes circuitry reason machines large size slow today standards required constant maintenance large number vacuum tubes early computers created problems amount heat generated tubes heat problem install heavy duty air conditioning units generation computers computational machines input output capabilities limited keyboard punched card input printer punched card output magnetic tape generation computers thousand calculations extremely fast speed control data corporation computer introduced million calculations times faster generation computers late transistors place vacuum tubes change brought improvements cost computers decreased businesses afford amount heat put machines reducing air conditioning requirements transistors reduce size equipment change increased computer computational speed transistors proved reliable vacuum tubes figure shows transistors generation computer addition typical components vacuum tube computer system typical generation computer ibm figure introduced designed business machine transistor circuitry removable disk storage units magnetic tape input output units developed generation computers
legal help sources legal system simplified average person perform steps minor assistance court personnel cases person seeking legal assistance want help lawyer states special courts called small claims courts designed persons represented attorneys need help court clerk answer questions courts follow procedural rules courts george bought set copper cookware cookware times copper seller refused give george money amount small george small claims court sued seller court clerk helped george fill forms trial george simply told story judge judge listened seller judge decided seller refund small claims courts informal regular courts limit amount money property asked limit required protect pay large sum money lose normal procedures designed safeguards parties terms lawyer attorney mean thing person want help lawyer attorney number reasons lawyers knowledge person legal rights responsibilities choices situations called substantive law foster eye injured heavy chunk plaster fell apartment ceiling
united states constitution written hundred ago additions written additions ten amendments called bill rights amendments added persons wrote constitution bill rights knew foresee situations occur documents written broad general language courts applied general wording constitution situations arisen courts constitution help provide justice heard court decisions groups protected sections constitution groups include persons races persons accused crimes persons citizens women law contrary conflicts constitution say unconstitutional unconstitutional laws enforced try obey unconstitutional law ask court order stop united states constitution clauses sections frequently courts extend liberty justice understand courts familiar clauses fourteenth amendment constitution effective part amendment call equal protection clause states deny person jurisdiction equal protection laws read clause carefully think means noticed says clause applies things governments
states called minors lack capacity contracts minors enter agreements choose bound terms agreements adult parties agreements bound minors agree purchase necessaries things needed living courts require pay reasonable necessaries agreed price mentally ill person declared incompetent court capacity contract insane person declared incompetent choose bound contracts pay reasonable necessaries influence alcohol narcotics understand lack full capacity contracts sober decide bound reasonable necessaries sold paid convicted felonies prison convicts laws vary type contracts convicts states sell property free prison regain capacity contracts consideration party contract requires price party agreeing contract contract binding supported consideration cases consideration party requires promise josh promised build toolshed andrea andrea agreed pay josh building shed josh andrea contract promises consideration law require amount consideration things valid consideration
job openings filled advertised filled company company privately informed opening friend contact company amount exposure contacts relatives friends worked able provide inside information job openings chances hearing job opening public getting job contact seeking job area contacts contacts area able find opening want bank find advantage banks known personnel manager key employees schools programs assist students preparing careers making career choices securing part full program cooperative experience program program students receive high school credits job experiences directly relate classroom studies chosen career area students situations grades paid minimum wages efforts employers receive tax credits wages students receive training school counselors teachers sources job opportunity information specific job openings asked employers recommend students job openings interested office job talk counselors business teachers complete business courses
section resume data include address phone number wish include social security number descriptive information information age sex marital status number dependents ethnic background lawfully demanded potential employers offer wish personal information section place short statement indicating goal occupational field goal obtain position title list secondary post secondary schools attended giving recent wish include major areas study grade point average extracurricular activities scholastic honors pertinent facts think help create favorable impression employer extracurricular activities tell employer rounded person possess abilities interests aptitudes listing offices held extracurricular activities show employer leadership ability sure include dates attendance school list jobs paid unpaid held include want write section resume paragraph form outline form include information address employer job title job description specific achievements employer educational employment records present overview personal professional qualifications additional skills abilities wish bring potential employer attention wish list special equipment learned operate call attention especially high typing shorthand speed references persons known provide information character achievements
originally called federal insurance contributions act social security act national social insurance program enacted provide federal aid elderly disabled workers medicare provision hospital medical insurance protection elderly retired workers qualified persons added basic types benefits paid disability survivor retirement hospital medical benefits received depend amount contributions employed workers pay social security contributions pay income tax employees occupations covered social security contributions mandatory social security protection types employment local social security office employment covered social security fica deducted gross pay internal revenue service proper crediting social security account important part social security act unemployment insurance program benefits workers lose jobs fault waiting period laid terminated workers collect portion regular pay length premiums unemployment insurance generally paid employers rates vary according employers records turnover hire fire employees employers let workers higher premium rate pay regulations waiting period maximum benefits deadlines filing claims premium rates extended provision legislature benefits paid maximum weeks local employment office popularly known wage hour act fair labor standards act provided persons working interstate commerce related industry paid minimum wage cents hour
types accounts checking savings banks savings loan associations credit unions savings accounts discussed chapter financial institutions choice types checking accounts carefully study options wise choice save lot money current options special account standard account joint account interest account free account share draft account banks offer special checking account customers write small number checks month minimum balance required type account service fees charged low flat rate month additional fee check written customers charged service fees number checks written month exceeds set limit write checks month plan standard account set monthly service fee check fee able maintain minimum balance avoid service fees entirely banks give extra services type account free traveler checks teller machine card free safe deposit box joint account opened persons account called survivorship account person signs account entire amount deposited person account dies survivor sole owner funds account accounts discussed chapter joint accounts financial institutions offer called interest checking accounts
internal revenue service administrative agency department treasury irs headquarters washington regional offices country regional office major data processing center oversees ten district local offices main functions irs collect income taxes enforce tax laws addition collecting income taxes irs performs number services local offices irs employees assist taxpayers finding information forms irs prints brochures pamphlets aid taxpayers preparing returns tax information instruction booklets furnished free schools colleges irs auditors employed irs examine returns selected audit based computer check procedure power levy taxes rests congress united states constitution bills raising revenue originate house representatives proposals increase decrease taxes president department treasury congressman representing interests geographic group house ways means committee studies proposals makes recommendations full house revenue bills pass vote house senate signed president law presidential election campaign fund established congress taxpayers share equally costs election campaigns method campaign financing makes presidential candidates compete votes taking large donations minority interests large corporations unions wealthy individuals taxpayer wishes contribute presidential election campaign fund dollar comes taxes withheld
offered stock brokerage companies investment service firms cash managements accounts called money market accounts persons wishing invest money higher rates return liquidity minimum balance types accounts depending account interest called dividends computed monthly earnings taxable person saves money deposits account company invests money stocks bonds based return earned company dividend paid dividend higher savings methods investor checks frequently minimum amounts checks written limitations withdrawals cash management accounts insured fdic government service accounts safe securities purchased stable managers accounts purchase government bonds securities issued united states treasury risk losing money low ira individual retirement account savings plan individual couple sets amount money maximum retirement individual enrolled retirement plan employer ira opened advantage ira savings plans amounts put ira account subtracted annual taxable income pay taxes ira begin withdrawing funds lower tax bracket interest rates paid ira accounts vary equal treasury bill rates set individually financial institutions holding accounts
commercial banks credit unions loans individuals companies based collateral capital credit records interest rates vary location financial institution according purchased reasons loan need purchase car home desire vacation required banks generally charge maximum loan interest rates allowed law regular bank customers established credit able loans banks easily required open account loan considered banks offer credit cards teller machines services discussed chapter credit unions loans members interest rates generally lower charged banks credit unions nonprofit organized benefit members credit unions willing loans members borrowing stake credit union called small loan companies finance companies charge high rates interest money reason high rates finance companies willing risks banks credit unions cases turned banks credit unions loans small loan companies finance companies called small loan companies maximum amount loaned person business set maximum small comparison banks credit unions lend finance companies limited maximum loan amount loan limit established home office finance company company operating
learned simple interest calculated basis lenders charge monthly interest rate unpaid balances installment loans charge accounts credit card accounts interest charged amount unpaid end month borrow money bank amount interest added principal amount total installment price part deferred payment price payment called deposit amount security ensure payments buy car car traded considered payment older car worth money payment part deferred payment price part total amount needed purchase service desired merchants require payment percent purchase price rate interest charged installment contracts called annual percentage rate law installment contracts reveal finance charge amount financed annual percentage rate formula calculating annual percentage rate presented appendix figure annual percentage rate calculated installment purchase payment total number payments multiplied amount payment determine addition payment paid merchandise payment includes principal interest deferred payment price total payments added amount payment cash price subtracted deferred payment price difference amount finance charge
bankruptcy end road solution credit problems certainly resort choices common reasons claiming bankruptcy catastrophic injury illness business failure emotional spending failure budget plan medical care costs deal insurance policies dollar limits major illnesses single largest bankruptcy large medical bills amount insurance covers person hospitalized months easily owe month medical care drugs room charges fees insurance person savings wiped month escape type debt bankruptcy thousands small businesses fail invest savings start business unfortunately number reasons ruinous economic conditions poor financial planning small businesses small business owners borrow money debt order afloat times owning operating small business risky success depends deal luck addition financial plans knowledge product service favorable business location economic conditions emotional rational reasons buying lead consumers eventual bankruptcy purchases excess comfortably paid income increases eaten inflation soaring expenditures money spent impress planned purchases result credit occurs purchases exceed handled comfortably present income temporary problem job loss business failure disaster put sudden pressure weak financial structure
experts appearing small claims court collection agencies small claims court exactly happen appearance nervous unable explain position important prepare outlining say gathering evidence want present summarizing position read statement give copy judge unlawful trade practices act person purchases goods services suffers loss money property result willful practices performed person bring action recover actual damages whichever greater words bought piece merchandise valued caused harm willful act seller sell defective merchandise collect merchandise buyer prove loss item exploded caused break glasses doctor treated burns actual loss truth lending act lender willfully fails disclose things required buyer entitled actual damages sustained finance charge contract small claims action plaintiff prove defendant act willful words defendant intended defraud knowingly willingly proceeded plaintiff prove loss sustained result defendant willful actions wish consider filing private lawsuit affected class action lawsuit
stores advertise end month sales anniversary sales clearance sales inventory sales holiday sales sales merchandise marked substantially slightly order sure actually saving money buying sale items comparative shopping usual prices advertisement states store marked check carefully items marked price loss leader item merchandise marked unusually low price store actual cost store actually lose money sale item cost producing item higher retail price loss leader customers store buy products sales items expected loss sustained loss leader illegal unethical loss leader product advertised customer demand customer buys loss leaders super sale items called cherry picker retailers rely customers buy products loss caused sales loss leader cherry pickers highly favored retailers order customers stores retailers promotional techniques displays contests games trading stamps coupons packaging sampling retail stores window displays special racks items sampling promotions entice customers products arranged attractively promotion carry theme centered nearest holiday halloween thanksgiving christmas valentine mother father fourth july
consider carefully costs involved decide house begin process purchasing home process weeks months generally procedure summarized paragraphs order find house want buy need houses look real estate salesperson trained market help find home assist purchase financing closing charge purchaser services visit homes listed real estate agency advertised sale newspaper drive past want newspaper classified ads homes listed area town geographic location sale owner listed real estate offices real estate offices belong multiple listing service offer valuable service homeowners wide exposure persons business selling homes metropolitan urban suburban areas real estate sales offices located boundaries real estate offices form organization called multiple listing service listings office combined book salespeople geographic area access real estate listings sell buyer list house sale real estate salesperson salespeople area working person lists house receive half sales commission person sells house receive half
price ceiling maximum price set government market equilibrium price price ceiling set equilibrium price prohibits market clearing supplies product quantity consumers wish purchase ceiling price greater quantity suppliers willing supply price result shortage shortage occurs quantity consumers wish purchase price exceeds quantity suppliers wish supply shortage created ceiling occur lasting basis ceiling effect figure illustrates concept price ceiling price ceiling set equilibrium price price producers willing produce units consumers want purchase units shortage units price floor minimum price set government equilibrium price price floor set equilibrium price prohibits market clearing quantity suppliers offer sale floor price greater quantity consumers wish purchase price result surplus surplus quantity suppliers wish supply price exceeds quantity consumers wish purchase surplus created price floor occur lasting basis price floor effect minimum wage price floor labor market figure illustrates concept price floor minimum wage equilibrium wage hour government set minimum wage hour
major methods keeping aggregate supply balance aggregate demand monetary policy fiscal policy controls productivity increased decreased unemployment affected inflation rates controlled monetary policy activity federal reserve system fed influence money supply growth credit conditions level interest rates fed created president wilson provide elastic currency effective supervision banking responsibility fed setting reserve requirements percentages deposits banks hold reserve loans fed responsible maintaining credit conditions orderly systematic flow money discount rates chairman federal reserve system appointed president united states serve term members fed board governors appointed president approval congress serve terms federal reserve banks branches approximately member banks united states nearly percent nation demand deposits banks represent percent total number banks nation federal reserve banks located san francisco minneapolis kansas city dallas chicago st louis cleveland atlanta boston york philadelphia richmond head offices fed washington banking system fed operates control money money productive resource merely measure productivity growth money found currency demand deposits country financial institutions currency minted coined department treasury demand deposits created controlled banking system
gnp goes percent economy experiencing normal steady growth population increases percent including births experience percent rise gnp productivity increasing faster rate population increasing government stimulates economy giving consumers money spend jobs bill increased transfer payments tax cut consumers buy added spending increases aggregate demand producers able hire workers meet increase demand wages create purchasing power effect continues multiply stimulate growth economy called multiplier effect multiplier effect concept change policy affects total demand total income amount larger amount change policy multiplier effect reflected high gnp consumer price index cpi index showing average price basket goods purchased consumers market basket selection goods services studied price increases selection comprised products buy living quantity quality items unchanged major revisions price compared prices listed cpi based index relation base index points prices risen level figure excerpt april cpi shows summary items including food housing clothing transportation medical care entertainment commodities services items items indexed january
diskette floppy disk called storage medium similar recording tape plastic diskette covered thin magnetic coating data stored tiny magnetized spots diskette diskette enclosed cover protection data storage completed magnetic media damage data floppy disk handle diskette jacket label avoid touching brown grey exposed surface diskette protected write diskette label cover soft felt tip pen write label ball point pen pencil write label attach floppy disk attach labels diskette paper clip data diskette damaged rays floppy disks dentist office remember examined visually passed ray scanner airport security checkpoints diskettes motors telephones television sets produce magnetic fields damage data stored diskette diskettes affected extreme temperatures heat cold store direct sunlight avoid letting dust dirt cigarette smoke ash contact diskette diskette stored upright envelope finally remember data processing adage bend staple mutilate applies floppy disks handle diskettes tender loving care storage capacity floppy disk tremendous hold million bits data terms bit byte describe data storage
steps required stop working microcomputer immediately signing display screens shown figures vdt refer illustrations note instruction press return enter continue displayed vdt screen instruction times program text words return enter combined return enter return key apple enter keys perform function key entering data giving command microcomputer press return enter move cursor beginning line computer execute command pressing key similar carriage return key typewriter additional point remember mistake key entering discover error press return enter left arrow key backspace strike error mistake press return enter key enter entire correct response chance error routines complete activities press return enter proceed opening copyright screens master menu activities appears figure menu list options choice selection program return master menu activities times menu selection involves file diskette screen display ask want print file strike yes print display file
advantage microcomputer ability store large amounts data small amount space capability enables business greatly reduce amount space needed storage data order data processed computer data files arranged sort organized manner common methods storing data sequential files direct access files records sequential file stored according planned carefully structured order sequential records read processed computer sequence recorded let assume names stored sequential file let assume computer wanted access goldberg record search records order recorded finding goldberg record sequential files stored magnetic tapes diskette records direct access file stored random according physical location file let assume records stored direct access file computer needs access record football need search records computer access football directly according address location file direct files stored diskette direct access device common comparison sequential direct access cassette tape recording stereo album cassette tape considered sequential file listen sixth song search play
designer engineer drafter drawing part plans part expected produced properly satisfy design requirements poorly prepared drawing worthless completed drawing allow print reader visualize exactly part look dimensions manufacturing information drawing allow craftspeople understand produce part skills accurately reading interpreting industrial prints developed understanding drafting techniques experience gained practice information quickly easily print industrial prints today resemble ago copy paper exposed light produced blue background white lines prints drawings called blueprints term frequently term industrial print print preferred accurate paper chemical treatment today produce print white background dark lines engineering design frequently required easily today prints nearly impossible older blueprints white lines blue background older blueprint newer types prints shown figure technique drawing original transparent paper polyester film mylar methods making copies original drawing method shown figure industrial print graphic language conveys information manufacture parts assembly part industrial print
pictorial view sketched nearly object basic rules object visualized sketch completed steps sketching pictorial view shown figure lines drawn represent main axes length width height height axis sketched vertically axes drawn approximately degrees horizontal isometric box sketched dimensions object illustrated note vertical lines parallel horizontal lines drawn parallel axis features sketched shown view print unnecessary construction lines erased remaining lines darkened complicated objects isometric circles blocked technique shown figure isometric circles drawn round drawn ovals seen eye easy method drawing oval construct isometric square sketch oval square steps construct isometric circles illustrated figure isometric square constructed locating center line circle side isometric square connected lines midpoint triangle formed lines located step short arcs sketched smaller triangles final step arcs sketched larger triangles isometric circle change shape depending horizontal vertical plane projection positions isometric circle shown figure
drafter decide view describes object view called front view front view drawn lower left corner page top view drawn front view side view drawn front view arrangement known orthographic projection multiview drawing proper rearrangement views figure shown figure object easier visualize orthographic projection figure views object drawn rectangular box cut total sides shown figure sides box shown views separated drawing look figure spaces views insert dimensions actual size object method arranging views standard mechanical industries refer figure views shown front top side views additional views object left side bottom rear views primary views object shown figure observations figure shape rear view front view reverse shape bottom view top view reverse shape left side view side view reverse main difference additional views rear bottom left side dashed hidden lines
prints unidirectional dimensions common today prints dimensions read bottom unidirectional figure unidirectional dimensions easiest read older practice aligned dimensions seldom aligned dimensions found older prints system dimensions read bottom side figure rectangular coordinate dimensioning system dimensions originate surfaces perpendicular dimensioning systems industrial prints follow standard technique dimensions finished surfaces center lines location dimensions arbitrary dimensions located front top side surface identified easily figure dimensions base lines precision prints base lines finished surfaces angles important center lines figure base lines referred datum planes points lines planes cylinders assumed exact purposes computation locations geometric relationships form features part established identified boxed letters figure features selected serve easily recognized features based primarily functional design measuring datum feature actual piece accessible allow measurements datum manufacture inspection joining features mating parts ensure assembly aid tool fixture design
minus method dimension minus expression tolerance examples unilateral shown figure tolerances direction larger smaller dimensions bilateral method tolerance minus directions dimension figure tolerance limit vary direction dimension desired ideal dimension tolerance amount production department vary ideal figure shows methods stating dimension tolerance cases ideal dimension machining industries utilize decimal dimensioning system accordance system measurements prints inches decimals inch screw threads industry standards fractional dimensions excluded system accessories manufactured large fractional tolerances excluded decimal dimensioning decimal dimensioning system important change machine dials measuring tools graduated system eventually eliminate need fraction decimal conversion tables decimal dimensions end figure practice dimension halved diameter radius number decimal places result industries established standard title block tolerance notations sample follows figure shows title block tolerance systems older systems listed decimal system tremendous improvement older prints fractions
drawing object shown full actual size object large fit standard size drafting paper object drawn reduced size parts small full size drawing allow complete understanding part details dimensions crowded cases drawing enlarged common practice enlarging drawing draw object times actual size enlarged scale part shown print actual size scale drawing print title block detail shown print scales principal scale noted title block views object drawn scale noted proper scale prints object shown enlarged reduced called scale drawings ratio object size drawing size referred scale object drawn actual size called scale drawing object drawn half actual size called scale drawing eliminate confusion standard notations figure preferred examples scale notation drawing means inch drawing equals inches part drawing half size scale notation means inch drawing equals inch part drawing full size
spur gears figure commonly connect parallel shafts rotate opposite directions teeth parallel axis gear spur gears sliding gears change speed mechanism gear boxes helical spur gears figure common spur gear helical spur gears sliding gear arrangement constant mesh mating gears helix angle opposite direction gears helical cut teeth run quietly gears straight cut teeth bevel gear commonly gear found power driven mechanisms spur gear defined wheels mounted parallel shafts teeth cut wheel contact edges contrast mounting shafts bevel gears parallel bevel gear similar cones mounted non parallel shafts teeth cut conical contact edges shafts bevel gears positioned angle figure bevel gear teeth machined angle called spiral bevel gears figure type bevel gear runs smoothly quietly straight bevel gears terminology bevel gears similar spur gears terms relating conical angles figure standard specification tables bevel gears machining handbooks figure worm gear type gear worm gear especially suited speed reduction shown figure gear shafts intersect parallel
cutting plane passes entirely object view called full section full section illustrated figure figure lines section view visible hidden lines omitted sectional view object easier visualize object view figure hidden lines objects uniform symmetrical sectioned manner cutting plane passes halfway object view called half section half shown regular external view figure details object straight line order show desired features cutting plane line offset shifted information figure view called offset section change direction cutting plane line hidden construction lines cases drafter add small angular lines change direction cutting plane line figure methods showing cutting plane lines industrial print reader familiar methods drawing simple object cutting plane line completely omitted drawings section views section views proper relative positions drawing identified usual method identify section figure drawn true projection sectional views include distortions detail locations object distortion eliminated rotating detail aligns cutting plane figures
part drawings industrial prints increased greatly mechanized drawings produced dimensional sizes difficult costly sort file reproduce avoid problems major industries established standard print sizes increasing exchange prints companies improved reproduction methods microfilming resulted need standardized print sizes standard outlined american national standards institute ansi ansi seen figure common ansi print sizes sizes follow uniform method size increases length size inches width size length size inches width size standard uniformity location size noting supplementary information describing part assembly guidelines established advantage note similar types information location drawings important print reader easily locate understand supplementary information type information contained block net sum blocks called title block title block located lower corner print print reader look find basic information part companies locate title block upper corner print figure illustrations chapter conform ansi standards illustrations include samples title blocks older prints industries converted ansi standards information found title block locations
welding fabrication metal products important understand welding prints prints welding information base weld symbol figure arrow portion symbol points weld joint basic joint types butt corner lap edge figure actual types welds fillet plug spot seam groove figure additional weld symbol information figure figure shows common abbreviations welding complete listing welding symbols found pamphlets published american welding society aws textbooks specializing subject air logic system machine control air logic manufacturing industries air logic system compressed air regulate machine controls devices system operate manner similar hydraulic systems smaller size control devices air logic system duplicate electrical functions hydraulic circuit air logic control prints resemble electrical prints hydraulic prints circuit print figure drilling operation operation clamp part fixture operation drill operation final operation eject part fixture electrical industry complicated prints large drive motors controlled print shown figure vacuum pump system system complete pump motor drives operator easily switch pump
geometric dimensioning means dimensioning drawing respect actual function relationship part features drafting technique replace conventional dimensioning system complements adds conventional system geometric dimensioning system approximately manufacturing companies due rapid technical industry manufacturing facilities precise method information prints needed geometric dimensioning system fulfills need system established purposes provide single drafting standard united states provide additional extra tolerance reducing production costs ensure design dimensional tolerance requirements relate actual function specifically stated carried ensure interchangeability mating parts assembly additional advantages apparent discussion chapter covers basics geometric dimensioning detailed information obtained textbooks devoted especially geometric dimensioning information chapter complies standard approved american national standards institute ansi dimensioning ansi standard industrial prints essential print reader familiar procedures older standard industrial prints geometric system shown book accordance standard print geometric displays changed conform standard prints present revised
maximum material condition modifier important principles involved geometric dimensioning understanding principle important completely comprehend geometric dimensioning maximum material condition condition part feature maximum amount material maximum shaft diameter symbol maximum material condition feature identified permitted greater positional form tolerance feature size size additional tolerance equal amount size change green light tolerance feature size shaft figure size hole figure concept machining assembly advantages part features generally assemble mating features size location bolt holes machined larger maximum material condition bolts clearance holes farther ideal location permit assembly mating parts coordinate system print provide additional tolerance usable parts rejected refer figures regardless feature size condition tolerance form position met regardless feature lies size tolerance unlike principle permits additional positional form tolerance regardless size related features produced red light additional tolerance allowed symbol regardless feature size
read slowly think understand slowly true read slowly think things moving paragraph concentrate words meanings words front think ideas subject read think ideas finish reading read remember read things times message train remember stop reading end paragraph margin write words paragraph paragraph key write paragraph key understand read read paragraph finish article read paragraph key notes tell article summary read school tests learn summary summary list main points reading study test read summary don read article chapter learn think read talk help think ideas ideas reading reading start important thing read want talk read recall details able recall read
textbook thing learn college learn teacher learn want learn textbook tool helps learn subject tool read textbooks college subjects learn read correctly want learn textbook textbook look carefully find works textbook class main parts textbook look look title sure understand words title look title book reading focus understand words say title say words sure understand look subtitle subtitle part main title tells title books subtitle book subtitle learning message title book tells book reading subtitle explains book understanding read textbook things table contents front book pages ix xi tells section book
course don find opinions books find media learn ideas talk thing books easy reread book want easy film conversation book reading help ideas ideas places things things hear things read noticed idea lead meet idea things happen joy idea ideas sold ice cream fair knew liked ice cream knew ice cream put dishes opportune fair idea cookies ideas led idea ice cream cone ideas idea comes looking ideas putting ideas read lot meet lot ideas give ideas book read things affect lives thought worth knowing ideas subjects
ebony magazine want read black written black tells black success ebony success story editor john harold johnson johnson powerful black america began arkansas city arkansas hard black city segregated johnson mother grade school father died johnson arkansas city schools blacks grade johnson mother moved chicago high school mother worked domestic lost job find welfare johnson learned want poor rest du sable high school worked hard senior editor school paper yearbook president class student council finished school students guests party chicago urban league honor top students city schools guest speaker called harry pace president supreme insurance company liked speech young johnson gave gave part job meant johnson money college part job read newspapers magazines
irs school program tells students file income tax returns true pay taxes program book called understanding taxes starts words tax commissioner commissioner says tax system relies cooperation taxpayers important learn rights obligations understanding taxes program reviews development system taxes reviews vital role taxes play society learn basics tax laws practice income tax returns hope book help appreciate tax system words show young wrong view role taxes taxes play vital role land play gloomy role america war ii taxes high book wrong view taxes help hurt country book says important learn rights obligations looks book teach book tell rights book tell amendment constitution protects need send tax return say fourth amendments face audit book tell government assess income tax tell assess tax want helpful don
forget knowledge power add knowledge scope interests grow study learn step gas jet propulsion alive alive sure enthusiastic let loose fire real inspire laugh brings laugh deed calls deed return riches attract riches love love goes don idea handing oversized wishbone don think wish want easy wishbone backbone working begin personality put action energy things begin move begin begin fault want want look tell doomed fail sad looks faces face snap shy backward rut fault blame low gear shift high picture want start move don say seen look re going cloud rain minute belong loyal order sad sacks
terrible science says chance boy babies genetic engineering able boy babies mean point population male think happen tell child going deformed process called amniocentesis needle put mother abdomen sac unborn child lives doctor draws fluid needle cells fluid looked microscope show genetic problems cell anemia unborn child problems parents abort child abort child child retarded cases show problems case woman forties children found pregnant asked amniocentesis test child test showed baby male genetic problems test showed child extra chromosome male show extra chromosome genes knows sure means researchers say extra chromosome male aggressive likely criminal proven parent unborn boy
florence fisher adopted child felt strong need real parents searched found thought start association felt need find real parents story group days deep thought chose liberty movement association alma alma spanish word soul slogan truth origin birthright aim allowed birth records minors group alma job persuade search parents minds search card file wants search natural parents brothers sisters lost adoption want help adopted children find real parents thought put ad alma newspapers york newspaper ad told afraid happen ran ad called columnist knew want find natural parents don ask ask babies feel parents grandparents told ask told found mother search took nearly half
high blood pressure problem needs blood pressure order move blood body blood pressure caused heart muscles push blood caused pressure walls blood vessels heart beats normal blood pressure pressure beat condition called high blood pressure dangerous bring pain death lot try find high blood pressure try find cure report summary research problem high blood pressure report written average citizens give understanding high blood pressure written doctors scientists percent cases high blood pressure unknown case known cure high blood pressure surveys show adults degree high blood pressure half high blood pressure quarter properly treated disease survey showed high blood pressure survey showed percent high blood pressure black females percent high blood pressure black males survey goes say percent high blood pressure victims white females percent white males
clerical workers largest occupational group include bank tellers bookkeepers cashiers secretaries typists expected number clerical workers employed risen million million increase proportion clerical jobs need college degree rise need file clerks types office machine operators level decline factors causing decline developments computers office machines dictation machines sharply reduced need stenographers decline continue increase need operators computers similar machines sales workers employed retail stores insurance companies manufacturing wholesale stores increase need sales workers big increase need sales workers college degrees demand full part sales workers retail trade expected increase growing population requires shopping centers stores service workers fastest growing occupational group includes housekeepers child care workers care takers takes wide range jobs firefighters cosmetologists bartenders employment private homes likely attractive demand cleaning services protect homes buildings affluence country goes need workers restaurants beauty salons places gyms health spas rise need college training service jobs
newspaper trained reliable working important newspaper staff reporter reporter job scene story report facts news story facts opinions reporter duty sure facts checked printed reporters bother editor person says stories editor says story page paper big newspaper editors editor chief main boss paper newspaper supposed give current news happens supposed report facts news reliably newspaper give comments news find page called editorial page find columns top reporters journalists comments opinions help news affect newspapers meant tend favor political party show favoritism special interest groups community newspapers report favorably unions show management light newspapers distort truth sake getting news story worst type newspaper reporting called yellow journalism newspapers try sensational write lot scandal public positions
richard milhous nixon announced night resign president united states noon today vice president gerald ford michigan oath president noon complete remaining nixon term bitter public debate watergate scandals president nixon bowed pressures public leaders party president american history resign taking action subdued dramatic television address oval office hope hastened start process healing desperately needed america vice president ford spoke short later front alexandria home announced secretary henry kissinger remain cabinet president praised nixon sacrifice country called saddest incidents witnessed nixon knew resign saw longer strong political base congress complete term office saying nixon added leave office end term abhorrent instinct body president put interest america president agreed judgments wrong confess high crimes misdemeanors house judiciary committee charge bill impeachment refer judiciary committee charges cover watergate crimes misused government agencies fbi central intelligence agency internal revenue service
think word crippled meant apply apply heard refer crippled forced concede description fit saw crippled distressing didn matter crippled children view useless legs handicaps occasionally inconvenience children confident legs stop want want children legs handicaps told children distinction lame full limbs ask boy crutches run complain slow children useless leg bring sense shame learn read glances hide feelings ashamed strangely open glance distaste comes weak bodies aware physical weakness comes strong healthy strong healthy shrink cripple threat helplessness quail useless leg twisted limb freely discussed children alan funny leg put head sore leg pained mother hearing son announce bluntly alan mom
coming end course worked hard found number things read faster understand read remember read remember read find reading easier learned things idea book teach read thing reading means end means ends number reasons reading important helps schoolwork run important reason schoolwork small part schoolwork meant lead things leads job help understand reading book read lot subjects opinions shared opinions means reading think read share read interesting learned reading found lot subjects thing found confidence understand printed word read
find reading difficult reading natural ability breathing walking reading skill skills requires practice easy respect reading playing football practice skilled beginner football help coach advice improve needed skill book regarded reading coach give advice improve reading skills decide coaching advice begin understanding reading football training requires hard consistent want succeed player football training plan similarly read things read seriously watch tv radio stereo playing read light pencil paper dictionary prepared concentrate experienced reader able manage things follow rules rules help learn effective reader acquainted words meanings learn wide variety words dictionary help understand words practice write words try meaning context sentence
important tools learning helps college textbook teacher aid effective learning learn textbook tool helps acquire knowledge subject tool textbook textbooks college subject study wise effective things help textbooks begin carefully examining textbook familiar textbook class main parts textbook aware title sure understand title words check meanings title book reading focus understand meaning title try express words sure understand subtitle subtitle extension title adds bit title textbooks learning message title book advises subject reading subtitle expands letting book deal understanding read textbook things table contents front book
consider radio listen television watch ask need read reasons reading read acquire facts prices goods shops contents packaged goods food containers carry lot information read helpful acquire facts reading newspaper facts daily news entertainment sports information newspapers advertisements give information job possibilities goods buy course find daily news television newspaper lot information television facts contained books reading books teach things introduce dogma familiarize places things learn books reading matter facts benefits reading books frequently express opinions opinions give varying points view consider viewpoints weigh opinions ideas think refine ideas read opinions agree opinions disagree remain inconclusive opinion judged wrong simply agree ways looking thing curious hold opinions learn
johnson money sign clever business mind spend money paper printing advertising letters subscribers magazine special offer thousand took offer gave johnson starting capital task find distributor handle magazine told story market magazine johnson business sense saved friends bombard newsstands requests magazine wasn found willing distribute magazine negro digest content johnson soon thinking magazine november magazine market called ebony johnson distribution problems troubles buying advertising space magazine usual attempts sell space bearing fruit johnson decided top wrote eugene mcdonald president zenith radio corporation mcdonald refused johnson daunt trying mcdonald agreed johnson ready read america mcdonald captain ship peary expedition north pole happened johnson friend matthew henson north pole captain peary boat named henson later written book trip johnson meet mcdonald took copy book gift
irs program teaches students file income tax returns brainwashing program true pay taxes program book newspaper called understanding taxes forward jerome tax commissioner irs says tax system relies cooperation taxpayers important learn rights obligations understanding taxes program reviews development system taxes vital role taxes play society learn basics tax laws practice income tax returns hope book help appreciate tax system statement shows young land distorted views role taxes taxes play vital role society play gloomy role fact low taxes america economic growth war ii book students wrong view role taxes economic growth note says important learn rights obligations looks book meant teach book tell students rights book show amendment send tax return say fourth amendment audited book tell government duty assess income tax
believe intelligent woman interested getting ahead negative quality stops getting started place envious doer moving forward interested willing learn promise learn progress stop think analyze believe believe getting believe giving street largely depends thinking happened accident sum total effects set mental emotional attitudes end results minute look mirror study physical movement tells story move shows personality outer expression person mirror kind impression wish entirely personality grips person personality dynamic force joined willpower drawn subconscious mind appealing personality belongs woman confidence assurance purpose conscious going
genetic engineering term seen business learn think genetic engineering means says changing genes person makeup birth course opens making human beings genetic engineers choose genetic engineering works changing makeup dna cells body dna deoxyribonucleic acid strand material genes found cell body dna stuff makes change structure obviously process altering dna intricate purpose article expound details process important concern question genetic engineering allowed picture gloomy indications things result genetic engineering recent research shown soon give diabetic gene structure enable insulin bodies obviate need daily injections insulin question obvious genetic engineering fascinating possibilities science offers deciding sex unborn children apparent advantage ability advance child likely born deformed things credit side let examine closely
article sympathetic position days afterward deluged hundreds hundreds letters paper vast readership columnist predicted definitely adverse left gutter letter read sad think antagonistic mail adoptive parents adults presumably adopted babies children held children welfare foremost reading article convinced abortion answer unwanted pregnancy repugnant begun repugnant grow loved adopted accept love person birth mother adoptive parents love nursed worked sacrificed worried cared child growing mother father baby baby adoptive parent natural birth mother nonexistent understand heritage important family background feels adoptive parent spoke plainly fear felt course frightening think adopted child search natural parents wondered frightening loving caring relationship exists continue remain strong looks look couldn parents trust love adopted children
needs blood pressure move blood circulatory system blood pressure created contractions heart muscles resistance walls arteries beat heart blood pressure goes limited range goes stays called high blood pressure known hypertension date researchers found high blood pressure real cure research goes purpose report summarize current pointed report prepared presented lay persons meant medical biological fields high blood pressure silent mysterious killer silent characteristic symptoms mysterious percent cases known cure hypertension controlled result stroke heart failure kidney failure major risk factor heart problems surveys conducted nation population groups adults elevation blood pressure half percent hypertension patients receive treatment survey showed age black females biggest group high blood pressure sufferers percent total number black males percent high blood pressure sufferers white females percent white males account percent
acknowledge receipt letter recent date deeply grateful regret delay filling order naturally want comply requests instructions wish advise original order mislaid order number record received order information nature line ordered kind favor sending duplicate copy order re matter request find enclosed copy recent brochure giving details latest lines draw attention model believe considerably superior model predecessor believe company favor routing brochure department heads key personnel opportunity informed latest matter draw attention matter outstanding account engaged balancing books annual audit assist greatly favor sending earliest convenience kindly draw attention accounts department matter handle forthwith company reputation satisfied customers apologize confusion order beg indulgence matter assure expedite delivery soon duplicate copy
professional technical workers category includes highly trained workers scientists engineers medical practitioners teachers entertainers pilots accountants workers group college graduates employment group expected grow need college graduates category expected rise greater efforts energy production transportation environmental protection instrumental creating growing demand scientists engineers technicians medical professions expected grow health service industries expand demand professional workers develop utilize computer resources projected grow occupations group offer favorable job prospects cases supply workers exceed openings teachers continue face competition artists entertainers airline pilots oceanographers clerical workers group constitutes largest occupational group includes bank tellers bookkeepers cashiers secretaries typists employment clerical workers expected rise million million workers increase proportion clerical jobs requiring college degree expected increase developments foreseen likely educational requirements upgraded significant numbers clerical jobs developments computers office machines dictating equipment greatly affect employment occupations group computers extensively employment file clerks types office machine operators level decline need operators computers similar equipment increase technological innovation affect clerical workers jobs involve high degree personal contact
washington richard milhous nixon president united states announced tonight arduous fight remain office resign effective noon tomorrow gerald rudolph ford nixon nominated vice president oct sworn tomorrow hour president serve days remaining nixon term re election victory nixon conciliatory address national television leaving sense bitterness hope departure start process healing desperately needed america spoke regret injuries course events led decision acknowledged judgments wrong nixon appearing calm resigned fate victim watergate scandal president history republic resign office months earlier vice president agnew resign vice presidency nixon speaking oval office successor sworn tomorrow delivered effective speech watergate scandals began swamp administration early tone content minute address sharp contrast frequently combative language past especially farewell appearance announced retiring politics losing california governorship race declared news media nixon kick anymore spoke tonight painful give office
articles books written neglected abused children beautiful books subject called language cry written dr richard ambrosio disturbing books subject true story tells girl abused parents baby withdrew completely talk walk age home children hopelessly retarded nuns ran home think hopeless showed love understand accept found dr ambrosio agreed help hard job getting give response laura talk walks show toys sorts showed interest found liked candy brought candy bars thing final break doctor laura dollhouse dollhouse finally brought laura scene laura talks surely moving things read book read book dealing side child abuse throwaway children lisa
word crippled suggested applied heard refer crippled forced concede fit description realized crippled obviously distressing didn matter crippled child conscious handicap implied useless legs inconvenient annoying confident prevent wants wishes considers handicap told children distinction lame full limbs ask boy crutches run complain slow childhood useless leg bring sense shame learns interpret glance unable hide feelings experiences desire avoid strangely overt glance distaste comes weak bodies carry consciousness physical inferiority comes strong healthy threat helplessness quail confronted useless leg twisted limb freely discussed children alan funny leg put head sore leg pained mother hearing son announce bluntly alan mom
coming end course worked hard found number things read faster understand read remember read remember read find reading easier learned things idea book teach read important thing reading means end means ends number reasons reading important helps school run important reason school small part school meant lead things leads job help understand reading book read lot subjects opinions shared opinions means reading think read share read likely interesting learned reading found variety subjects thing found confidence understand printed word read
difficulty face reading occasioned fact reading natural ability breathing walking reading skill acquired demands study practice nature equate reading game skill football practice players invest football capable especially practice carried direction experienced coach study book viewed reading coach provide guidelines reminders read efficiently determination want coach enhance reading ability essential begin understanding reading football training requires concentrated conscious effort initial stages player goes football field deliberate intention similarly effective reading demands total concentration intervention peripheral distractions television radio stereo light prerequisite reading advisable equipped pencil paper dictionary undertake reading task experienced reader feel confident read aids purposes training valuable reminder rules provide sound basis effective reading steep words familiarize wide variety words sure help dictionary thesaurus
index generally located book index alphabetized index entry indicating separate topic entry word bold print numbers pages find references information entry glossary standard part textbooks position occur glossary list words specific meanings relation topic glossary alphabetized provide handy guide understanding words meaning relate reading look glossary sure understand works bibliography list books readings related specific topic list select readings pursue personal interest subject obviously find components textbook handle uncommon find textbooks bibliography glossary bibliography glossary advantageous create blank page end textbook listing special words meanings glossary standard feature textbooks common find preface introduction function preface threefold explain purpose book clarify content suggest ways book read preface book advisable soon finished article
modern audible medium radio visual medium television ask longer reason reading substantial reasons forwarded support reading read acquire facts shops need determine prices goods contents packages methods contents food packages containers present considerable wealth information labels read facts presented newspaper facts relating daily events entertainment sports read newspaper acquire facts acquaint advertised information job possibilities goods services undeniably daily news obtained watching television reading newspaper provide depth variety news things hope gain television books facts read books order benefit facts books present details dogma familiarize unknown places reading materials provide wealth facts acquisition facts provide enrichment books present opinions opinions provide varying points view consideration differing viewpoints evaluate opinions ideas promotes refinement ideas reading put contact ideas reflect opinions contradict ideas opinions view inconclusive
job involved compiling digest events black community engaged johnson conceived idea magazine negro digest friends tried dissuade notion pointing statistics similar digests started failed johnson easily deterred proposed mother mortgage furniture provide funds venture prayed lord strength guidance complied son wishes sale furniture netted johnson put initial capital highly indicative natural business possessed spending money obviously needed commodities paper printing johnson invested mailing letters potential magazine subscribers offering special cut rate price subscription thousand accepted invitation supplied starting capital viable sum start business major problem distribution established distribution outlets responded market publication sort johnson ingenuity met challenge friends bombarding newsstands requests magazine creating demand distributors ignore negro digest success johnson fertile mind idea november idea born shape ebony magazine distribution longer problem difficulties beset young entrepreneur paucity advertising space sold
tricks faster reader discussed learning absorb words page actually reading sounding trick art skimming means letting brain absorb process key words paragraph major sentence nouns verbs train eyes isolate land parts speech ahead game nouns pronouns show main subjects sentence verbs delineate action nouns undertaking works try reading capitalized words sentence main nouns verbs resist temptation let eyes touch capitalized words murderer ran swiftly cat feet room stabbed unfortunate lonely girl heart idea skim read means general understanding sentence fits vital reader method skimming read sentences paragraph topic sentence find sentence summary meaning paragraph reader
develop intensity purpose determination ahead shortly determination show eyes speech actions develop expand personality keeping step affairs informed find met going meet common talk read newspapers current periodicals listen important radio newscasts television commentators eyes ears sure re date forget knowledge power sound bromide true wants listen uninformed ignorant centered individual increase knowledge scope activities greatly increased desire greater things desire expands things previously thought wanted trivial disregarded saying ultimately hitch wagon star move lightning speed study learn develop keen sense observation step gas jet propulsion alive pass confidence enthusiasm let loose fire set vibrations theory begets laugh brings laugh deed calls deed riches riches love begets love works contagious law attraction fails
current statistics majority parents show preference male child born capability determining sex child considering fact contemporary population boom pressure predisposing child envisage society predominance males mates chosen race complicate sex determination issue scientific evidence suggests male children created direct result genetic engineering intervention capable male children turn situation prenatal diagnosis difficult find advantages process amniocentesis passing needle mother abdomen draw amniotic fluid examine fetal cells reveal genetic problems eliminating perennial anxiety parents child normal sounds consider step parents told unborn child genetically unsound fetus aborted conversely society force abort growth genetic engineering encourage want society perfect consider cases follow show clearly intrinsic disparities genetic engineering case involves mother forties discovered pregnant underwent amniocentesis revealed untoward male fetus presence extra chromosome male baby exhibit extra chromosome sure means
joys marriage prospect parenthood find reason fulfillment denied deeply disturbing effect lives convinced natural parenthood impossible turn idea adoption frequently run frustration spite number unwanted pregnancies babies adoption official agencies finding suitable match adoptive parent child prospective parents find waiting dreams fulfilled alternative illegal baby market baby bought staggering amount money idea pay lawyer locate baby involves substantial payment heavy payments actual adoption price baby happens money paid mother baby goes arranged adoption system illegal cruel unhappiness sections society mother want pregnancy couple desperate child attention paid child cases checks prospective parents suitable financial emotional compatibility background child parents
heard saying eat willing admit expression applies unidentified current research suggests majority americans bad eating habits determined lifestyle demands eat quickly commonest foods american menu hamburgers french fries sugar laden drinks pie whipped cream ice cream occasional broiled hamburger things list bad prophets doom predict fat laden fast foods provide thing faster road grave hand claim basic fast food meal nourishment need meat milk salad extras bread cheeseburger hamburger re extra favor adding additional protein news gossips overlooking fat comes fried hamburger french fries lack fiber pulpy bun excess sugar malt coke overdose salt sprinkled hamburger palatable decide stay hamburger joint buy food supermarket buy frozen canned food experts tell canned frozen vegetables sugar sorts preservatives improve health according sure food buy cook fresh
choosing job important decisions frequently hardest decisions important question ask job find jobs infinite number ways answer insignificant advertisement local paper land job write sorts places country reply believe person door door approach job active decision place young wanted sailor spend lot free sea watching tall ships thinking sail father farmer sailor boy idle dream usual wandering heard captain ship complaining sail member crew sick stopping think lad offered place spent rest happily sailing ships loved story illustrates importance seizing opportunity presents lad home ponder decision week missed chance thing offered opportunity thing
considered important part plays general lifestyle jobs main things motivate direct organize lives stress began puritan forefathers believed serve god honest hard fundamental belief stems country young needed believed hard carry arduous business pioneering reason undeniable important think situation arises meet try learn early question frequently kind question follows comon stop wonder ask future question disappear ask play computers technological equipment making jobs automated personally demanding scientists tell foreseeable future society run computers deal free games important jobs beginning century believed end century thinking differently tomorrow games play important focuses lives today divided social classes accordance types tomorrow likely divided according types games play
washington richard milhous nixon president united states announced tonight arduous fight remain office resign effective noon tomorrow gerald rudolph ford nixon nominated vice president oct sworn tomorrow hour president serve days remaining nixon term landslide re election victory nixon conciliatory address national television leaving sense bitterness hope departure start process healing desperately needed america spoke regret injuries course events led decision acknowledged judgments wrong nixon appearing calm resigned fate victim watergate scandal president history republic resign office months earlier vice president spiro agnew resign vice presidency nixon speaking oval office successor sworn tomorrow delivered effective speech watergate scandals began swamp administration early tone content minute address sharp contrast frequently combative language past especially farewell appearance announced retiring politics losing california governorship race declared news media nixon kick anymore spoke tonight painful give office
subject abused children recurrent books written television shows aired subject concentrate horrors abuse deranged mentality adults inflict abuse side story abused children story help find normal beautiful stories contained book called language cry dr richard ambrosio true story ways disturbing abuse girl suffered baby hands parents hideous belief real strength story lies revelation torture underwent description human faith determination helped recover find valuable place child known laura book dr ambrosio met known talk disfigured burns emotionally wounded point sit floor stare trance help nuns ran home accept idea helpless hopeless continued love hope dr ambrosio agreed help chain answers chain prayers
word crippled suggested condition apply heard refer crippled forced concede fit description retained conviction crippled obviously distressing didn matter crippled child conscious handicap implied useless legs inconvenient annoying confident prevent wants wishes considers handicap told children distinction lame full limbs ask boy crutches run complain slow childhood useless leg bring sense shame learns interpret glances unable hide feelings experiences desire avoid strangely glance distaste comes weak bodies carry consciousness physical inferiority comes strong healthy strong healthy shrink cripple remote threat helplessness quail confronted useless leg twisted limb freely discussed children alan funny leg put head sore leg
coming end course designed help reading number ways consider readers need brush course tennis player goes occasional tennis camp musician times concentrated study athlete needs training session reader needs periods reexamine review skills brush course course introduced approaches strengthened weaknesses students found parts course offered point training course person subject strengthen weak points reinforce understanding strong points worked honestly course find happened decide want continue try strengthen weak points want let bad habits clearly important things remember reading means end simply passing eyes printed page forgetting reading ends derived business reading wish read gain information pass required test read gain information need complete task construction child toy
produce professional looking tailored garment number decisions selecting components components consists pattern fashion fabric lining underlining lining shaping materials shoulder pads tape underlining optional decorative details buttons considered components carefully selected quality compatibility considered remember professional looking garment likely achieved high quality components selecting pattern consider figure type sewing select style suited figure consider occasion garment worn choose style fit needs wardrobe choose simple pattern fewer pattern pieces fewer problems choose incoming style garment provide fashionable wear plaid checked striped fabric choose straight curved lines garment construction determining size important consider body size measurements figure living ability fitting ease style called fashion fullness styling ease typical tailored garment fitting ease shirt dress additional thickness lining underlining optional selecting coat pattern extra allowances ease needed finished coat worn jackets dresses shirts bulky sweaters picture sketch pattern envelope garment designed worn bulky sweater lightweight shirt blouse select size pattern tailored garment dress shirt
accurate test muslin copy fitted undergarments outer clothes sweater shirt blouse worn finished garment pin garment closed buttonhole markings fitting side garment pin excess re check pile lining additional ease needed considered fitting tailored garment check length width measurements ensure proper wearing ease proportion relation figure type adjustments order ensure accurate adjustments jacket taper slightly longer grain line position vertical seams grain line perpendicular floor horizontal lines parallel floor dart position direction darts point fullest part body curve constructing princess design curve follow contour bust fit collar neck shoulder line collar fit closely neck roll evenly form pleasing line lapels center outer edge collar fall inch neckline seams check position marked collar lapel pattern establish line marking muslin pencil fitting corrected transfer corrected lines established lines pattern pieces evaluate shape size collar lapel relation figure face overlap center front adequate size buttons comfort wearing
ready begin construction tailored garment tailoring process unit garment completed attached unit definite order procedure tailoring process underlining attached fashion fabric attached underlining fashion fabric lapel backed tape stretching lapel area shaped produce soft roll pad stitching front edge garment stabilized tape pockets put buttonholes garment assembled garment final unit prepared assembling garment transitional step included chapter directions area construction underlining section garment applied construction takes place garment flat worn smooth underlining create slightly smaller cylinder inside fabric cylinder achieve place underlining wrong side fabric section pattern markings showing press pieces fabric follow steps follow pin fashion fabric underlining section center piece tailor baste remove pins figure place thin magazine basted line underlining underneath fashion fabric showing smooth underlining fashion fabric magazine pin fabrics tailor baste repeat process half underlining extend slightly edge fashion fabric
recall myth icarus boy flew close sun dreams needs wants necessarily wise desire fight case point lived place common enemies early enemies natural fire flood cold wind wild animals learned deal natural enemies gained freedom threaten arguments fights developed added things owned individuals fought groups formed increased size conflicts ultimately nations fought result branches technology development weapons destruction early weapons technologies involved spear bow arrow slingshot swords catapults later guns cannons armoured vehicles tanks wars bigger involving larger areas governments spent money effort weapons technology airplane threat means transportation desire faster powerful weapons fight wars led development jet aircraft ultimately advanced aircraft developed weapons aircraft existed rockets missiles aircraft weapons complicated structures developed protect bombs delivered airplanes convenience danger hand hand technology grown technology wisdom caution automobile excellent automobile developed met major wants needs wanted personal control automobile gave united states called nation wheels
explained factories located sources materials needed factories glass places find silica sand raw material glass steel mills iron ore coal mines england united states textile mills ocean ports cotton transported ships cotton england places egypt india american south cotton mills england ship american south raw materials sale items produced faster forms transportation developed need transport things transport means move place transportation assumes point origin destination transportation includes getting known starting point known arrival location earliest simply carried owned hands backs heads cave dweller scout nearby forests sticks carry fire population grew fires larger animals carry sticks animals carry things belonged animal skin tents traveled farther discovered riding animals faster easier walking eventually built vehicles drawn animals vehicle device move things vehicles wheels vehicles fly vehicles need sources power major basis transportation water early discovered materials wood float water built rafts canoes ships
technology depends knowledge knowledge accumulation experiences creations share knowledge need able communicate oldest form communication simply speak face face knowledge technology shared face face contact communication technology complex need able explain writing needs communication increased developed alphabets build words word alphabet comes letters early written alphabets letters hebrew alphabet aleph bet greek letters alpha beta inventions written language communication included paper writing instruments ink early written languages included commerce religion written languages basis building sharing knowledge technologies writing place science advanced technologies developed communication field demonstrates rate growth technology accelerated major technology mass communication invention moveable type johann gutenberg took place books written copied hand preparation single volume months wealthy persons afford books gutenberg developed moveable type pouring hot metal molds units type lined printing form impressions paper gutenberg adapted tool handy wine press printing devices called presses
principle leverage based relationship lever fulcrum relationship depends position fulcrum fulcrum center power applied delivered equal power applied lever side fulcrum equals delivered opposite side seesaw principle leverage balanced situation fulcrum middle lever fulcrum moved side lever delivered increases greatly relation effort applied increase relation relative distance fulcrum ends lever illustration shows simple beam wood move large rock fulcrum small rock close object moved fulcrum point equal fourth length lever power delivered times force applied assume pound person leaned full weight end lever delivered end lever equivalent pounds leverage works swing hammer fulcrum point elbow shoulder force exerted muscle multiplied times leverage tools familiar include claw hammer scissors lever principle leverage applied power producing devices chapter follows wheel known effective leverage devised
combustion type engines external internal share important problem require fuel combustion fuel turn critical natural resource critical means fuel resources important vital critical means supplies fuel limited oil earth supplies petroleum supplies endless sooner later growing human population earth supplies petroleum matter concern effects combustion type engines fuel drive engines converted heat effect fuel goes smoke burnt fuel longer energy source contrary burnt fuel atmosphere space surface earth smoke particles fuel part air breathe burnt fuel pollution pollution result technology concern governments concerns fuel supplies pollution important technology topics topics covered book technology power needs related technologies engine delivers power reason engines called power plants power provide complete automobile number technologies device complicated car airplane computer systems technology technology power automotive engine creating driving pistons small part technology needed building automobile automobile number separate technologies technologies form individual related systems function car
energy power related closely energy force force leads movement produced need sources energy controlled controlled energy deliver power early days urbanization industrial development energy sources limited depended natural sources energy converting power animals energy wind didn blow ships didn move windmills didn turn rainfall water levels rivers streams low bad water turn wheels factories short natural sources energy dependable previous chapter gained independence invention steam engine ships longer depended wind railroads power steam engine factories built location fuel engines soon railroads main source transporting coal happened factories built location served railroads external internal combustion engines developed sources power engines powered ships machines later trains gained knowledge experience engines learned power develop energy relationship power energy power produce sources energy increased energy turn produce deliver power modern power energy brought form electricity electricity main source energy electricity depend generated turn power systems
large organizations sophisticated technologies decisions agricultural resources reason field agriculture known agribusiness technologies agribusiness include sophisticated computer systems specific computers include modeling techniques computer model represents situation mathematics computer told type soil amount land expected weather conditions factors included models managers agribusiness companies enter descriptions choices land computer tells results expect choice management decisions based computer produced reports computers agribusiness determine diet animals computers receive instructions size age animals fed information put computers food animals foods large holding tanks processing plants computers mix ingredients deliver feed automatically computer programs determine give animals maximum food growth cost methods known cost feed blending discussions follow identify main agricultural crops note products don dinner table crops processed main forms food cases crops feed animals produce meat dairy products fibers skins grains products seeds food items typically grains grow stalks branches clusters ears corn grains directly food rice considered vegetable
dairy industry pioneering area technology farming large scale marketing milk scientific breakthrough process pasteurization named french scientist louis pasteur problem disease causing bacteria breed milk bacteria microscopic organisms bacteria attack bodies animals causing disease pasteur discovered control bacteria content milk involves heating milk kill bacteria milk cooled cold packed shipped marketed special milk processing plants operate country addition technology refrigeration represents million dollar part dairy industry pasteurization milk level makes satisfactory food bacteria remain pasteurization refrigeration fails milks permitted stand bacteria multiply bacteria content milk reach dangerous levels need refrigeration problem impossible ship quantities milk children parts lack sufficient refrigeration serve areas technology developed produce sterile milk sterile means pure free disease carrying germs sterile milk packed air tight containers shipped refrigeration milk stored refrigeration method sterilization milk involves special machines milk processed drop milk brought high temperature kills bacteria milk packed sterile containers immediately cooling method pack milk airtight containers
moving storing farm crops food materials big business united states government spends million store foods foods bought farmers food processors government programs government holds materials future sale needed thousands railroad freight cars trucks haul farm produce basic part foods grown farms farms necessarily areas live foods grown country eaten mainly city transportation essential harvests place specific times results harvest entire massive special buildings store farm products buildings designed specifically individual types products grain products stored grain elevators round tall structures fact grain loaded tops storage buildings grain carried automatically conveyors railroad cars trucks level dropped inside grain bottom gravity feed united states capacities storing millions bushels grain bushel quarts material products milk butter meat cold storage large refrigerated buildings hold millions tons cold products idea involved think size typical refrigerator home cost running consider cold storage products united states
proteins provide calorie content carbohydrates according weight food consumed protein rich nutrients build body tissue protein intake easily converted muscle tissue protein eat actually muscle eat meat substances consuming animal muscle food converts directly muscle body number plant foods high protein included legumes beans peas diet provide supplies water vitamins minerals fiber water necessity actually die shorter deprive body water stop eating body approximately thirds water diet replenishing liquid content drink water need body dispose absorb vitamins chemicals chemicals body needs amounts vitamins help food eat vitamins foods eat maintain balanced diet vitamins need vitamin supplements additions diets food drug stores sell vitamin supplements body able benefit substances idea vitamins discussing diet doctor nutrition expert general vitamins vitamins overdoses harmful minerals chemical elements found nature examples include iron copper calcium body needs supplies minerals iron blood helps absorb oxygen
think single paycheck social security deductions simple employer required percent worker pay money held paid government periodically addition employer required similar contributions social security fund social security companies simply paid workers earned received salary amount paid week paid hourly basis simple calculation trick employer simply multiply pay rate hours worked result single multiplication produced worker earnings requirement withhold pay literally multiplied data information processing requirements employers figure paycheck times arithmetic calculations addition employers set separate records account social security contributions individual workers records needed report government total seemingly simple requirement withhold social security taxes multiplied data information processing requirements times took times calculations record keeping steps handle payrolls data information processing big business overnight increasing demands data processing met electromechanical accounting machines devices capture data items reuse times extra pencil paper means capturing data punched cards pieces thin cardboard holes punched positions holes values data cards processed electromechanical devices called tabulating machines
requirement data processing system critical functions performed information processing systems computers roles computer information systems include customers computer information systems remember systems technology meet demands need information support technology development computers information systems design information systems high level experts called systems analysts information users systems analysts determine user needs analysts figure requirements met computers analysts equipment processing place design write programs instructions computers follow programs computers helpless collections wires cabinets electronic parts processing performed quality programs prepared set operate computer equipment maintain equipment files required run jobs computers maintained functions heading computer operations originate data serve computer input thousands computer input operators special equipment present data computers usable form monitor quality computers assignments handled number specialists job sure data entered computer information delivered accurate reliable produced assured quality information systems
phase project concentrates build product achieve results defined general design point project engineers technicians roll sleeves efforts highly technical designing airplane technical teams airframe body landing gear flight control systems hundreds highly trained technicians engineers involved important feature technical design results challenge general design features included general design technically consideration changing general design process known feedback information fed earlier points project based findings designs modified alternative technology technical design efforts prove general design won project abandoned point find ideal picture achieved learn costs food housing clothing entertainment learn career opportunities types jobs pay match prospective earnings costs style selected suppose enjoy music home decide quality stereo equipment expect find equipment costs relate cost ability pay things point find adjust lifestyle targets change career goals case learning process valuable match career goals style expectations satisfying future
moving goods big job materials handling transportation activities involve major series industries combination technologies united states pioneer mass transportation pioneering effort needed largely size country united states conquered frontiers country found distance miles shores represented dimension travel europe settled built united states europe travel dozen countries distance takes cross states america nineteenth century united states pioneered forms transportation technology united states led building railroads american companies leaders building steam powered ships airplane main form distance transportation invented united states twentieth century transportation systems expanded rapidly systems include thousands miles highways built costs billions dollars growth highway systems automobiles main means personal transportation trucks main carriers goods supplies need group technologies includes handling materials places stored field known materials handling materials handling simply matter picking things carrying needed setting past decades materials handling highly mechanized complex conveyors carry materials location
field administration takes operation monitoring organizations administrators responsible management projects operations organizations type administrators offices office workers realize benefits technology office automation major area concentration introduction technologies future office workers supported computerized systems prepare rapid taking place offices education training business students changing rapidly increasing numbers office workers operating keyboards computer terminals typewriters required shuffle mountains papers office workers dealing electronically controlled information files computers vital tools offices future experiencing effects computers computers travel streets cities computers control traffic lights stores computers assure speed accuracy purchases computers deliver television programs home computers control games play buy hamburger soft drink computer rings sale computer terminal counts change properly forms technology helped heat air condition homes workplaces automobiles advanced heating air conditioning systems point technology present important understand role technology move role working citizen understanding knowledge technology help determine successful
advertising consists paid messages appearing mass media purpose informing product media commonly advertising newspapers direct mail magazines radio television specialties outdoor billboards signs advertising tells potential customers product including sale business open product cost advertising program stimulate customers place business customers store presentation products helps move customers point buying decisions personal selling bring sale products obviously advertising display carefully coordinated firm merchandising plan business accomplish promotional objectives publicity mention business product media publicity occurs business event appears interest public media carry descriptions event news stories information fashion shows merchandise special promotional events carried news media customer interest stimulated publicity held increased effective store visual merchandising presentation merchandise services face face basis store personnel customers called personal selling personal selling seller deals individually customer effective display visual presentation merchandise helps bring business department business personal contact salesperson provide assistance bring sale product offered personal selling visual presentation display close partners promotion promotional activities essential inform customers merchandise offerings attract business location
customers want merchandise presentations pleasing look part getting pleasing look display comes careful selection merchandise select items shapes sizes fit eye expects objects sees pleasing relationship size shape proportion includes display unit objects belong fit properly space provided proportion instance combination diamond rings lawn mowers large window display unit pleasing eye differences sizes shapes merchandise display area large create effect rings large objects crowded small display unit look proportion lawn mowers display space jewelry result ineffective display mind chances achieving proper proportion designing displays increased greatly give careful consideration elements size shape choosing merchandise display space principle balance visual merchandising design confusing think balance terms playground seesaw child try seesaw board level close weight sit opposite end board board stay level partner move closer middle balance difference weight seesaw dealing actual weights achieve balance
merchandise open display tables counter tops racks bins makes customer inspect handle merchandise salesperson assistance merchandise needs protected closed case displays customers handle jewelry fine silver unpackaged food items examples goods covered protection damage theft contamination obviously closed cases expensive open displays closed display add prestige displayed items display case lighting designed increase merchandise appeal specific types open closed display units types commonly island end platform shadow box background point purchase interior displays island displays referred gondolas designed large open display tables stacked high sale featured merchandise kind display approached sides effective located heavy customer traffic areas department food specialty stores rely heavily island displays sales promotions end display open display merchandise rack table bin located end merchandise aisle supermarkets discount retailers extensive end displays promote sale specially priced seasonal merchandise end display merchandise found regular stock location customers fail seldom miss seeing merchandise located end display open displays raised platforms floor store furniture appliances similar items presented effectively platform display
boy doctor young woman scientist thing common studying living things boy interested activities fish insects trying discover fish feeding successful efforts catch doctor wishes identify bacteria slide properly treat patient infected bacteria scientist university attempting discover factors involved growth plant stems objectives studying living things interested interested living nonliving aspects early concerned discovering plant animal materials suitable food shelter clothing puzzled sick tried discover cures illnesses wondered events involved birth growth death modern concerned kinds problems troubled early biologists scientists study living things word biology comes greek words bios means logos means knowledge science biology science biology involves study knowledge living things including result efforts science past hundred past modern fund knowledge understanding living things grown immensely fund knowledge important part biological biotic community
cells size general small fact cells small microscope order bacteria inch diameter cells larger large seen magnified largest cells visible unaided eye yolk bird egg largest yolk ostrich egg inches diameter observed figure cells rectangular spherical elongated irregular shape speak cell typical vast number kinds cells size shape cells look exactly alike cells dimensional length width depth easily observe cells length width shown figure looking series pictures shown figure observe cells depth view cells seen microscope shows uppermost level cells adjusting focus microscope levels cell depth group cells shown lower level cell depth observe level cell depth compared level cell depth shown lower level group cells observed appearance cells level levels cell depth level
classification systems living things classify undergo change recall earlier chapter learned living things classified plant kingdom animal kingdom hundreds organisms classified kingdoms practice continued forms known fit group organism euglena gullet takes food materials opening euglena flagellum whips order move characteristics organism classified animal euglena chlorophyll produce food manner green algae green plants produce food characteristic euglena classified plant euglena organisms similar characteristics classified botanists plants classified animals zoologists method classification solve problem evolutionary relationship euglena organisms structural functional characteristics euglena organisms similar fit pattern group system approach classification organisms needed recent classification systems developed groups traditional groups widely accepted system includes organisms kingdoms plant kingdom animal kingdom protist kingdom
parasitism mode living things groups living things species parasites hosts parasites protozoans exception fact estimated biologists parasitic species protozoans free living species parasitic species protozoans important malaria amoebic dysentery african sleeping sickness caused flagellate malaria disease common tropical subtropical regions malaria caused tremendous amount illness death parasitic protozoan plasmodium disease transmitted female mosquitoes genus anopheles protozoan disease mosquito transmits disease shown figure mosquito bites pierces skin obtain blood parasites injected wound parasites enter red blood cells host begin reproduce rapidly eventually cell walls red blood cells break open parasites released blood stream invade red blood cells ten days parasites numerous shock sudden release red blood cells produce chills high fever chills high fever occur alternately cycle plasmodium complex stages occur mosquito occur mosquito receives parasites body biting malaria organisms inside body mosquito live reproduce forms cycle comes rest mosquito salivary glands
ferns true roots stems leaves conspicuous visible part plant large leaf called frond ferns simple fronds fronds divided leaflets fern lacy appearance figure ferns small plants ferns grow large size treelike appearance especially true tropics ferns grow trees develop bark stems tropical treelike ferns ground vertical stems common ferns ground horizontal fronds fern arise underground stem called rhizome rhizome stem distinguished rhizoids rootlike structures mentioned connection fungi mosses roots growing rhizome fern slender fibrous roots grow soil underside rhizome small ferns simple roots roots developed large treelike ferns fronds rhizomes roots mature sporophyte ferns moderately abundant today ferns numerous today botanists study fossil evidence plants found examples extinct ferns fossilized materials collected parts today ferns found parts ferns occur tropics arctic circle grow abundantly moist shady areas frequently sunny places ferns common temperate regions including united states ferns larger abundant tropics
process growth root tip constantly forced soil soil offers considerable resistance delicate growing tip protected structure called root cap root cap region cell division cells added root cap region directly root cap cells grow expand root tip pushed soil region cell division region cell elongation region newly divided cells enlarge region cell maturation regions growing cells develop types cells figure observe region cell division region elongation region maturation root cap root hairs cross section typical root shown figure main features epidermis cortex central cylinder stele epidermis surface layer cells root hairs extensions epidermal cells cortex stores food transports water salts stele stele specialized conducting function roots comprised xylem phloem main function stem provide support leaves flowers plant stem serves highway exchange materials roots leaves water dissolved minerals absorbed roots transported upward large elongated cells xylem leaves food materials transported downward phloem
process change occurs insect development egg adult known metamorphosis ways insect undergo metamorphosis called incomplete metamorphosis complete metamorphosis process incomplete metamorphosis stages occur insect egg develops form looks adult form body proportions insects grasshopper cricket head large proportion rest body addition insect wingless stage metamorphosis stage insect called nymph molting occurs nymph stage grasshopper molts metamorphosis molt insect looks final adult insect winged adult appears final molt insect nymph deal food getting activity carried complete metamorphosis egg develops larva larvae known common names larvae called maggots grubs caterpillars worms case larvae cabbage moth insect molts undergoes rapid growth larva larva reached full growth forms cocoon pupa observe figure page insect enters pupal stage larvae form cocoons larvae form wormlike covering entering pupal stage case pupal stage outwardly quiet stage insect food stage quiet appearance deceiving
mammals common mammals certainly dominant species earth today thinks possibly mammal outstanding feature characterizes mammals highly developed specialized nervous system part brain related intelligence highly developed mammals group animals brain reaches maximum development accounts fact capable civilization control living things hair fur characteristic mammals found stage development mammals kinds whales wholly hair adults major characteristic feeding milk young mammary milk glands present female mammals presence glands accounts group mammals developed circulatory system birds mammals warm blooded chambered heart mammals range size tiny shrew blue whale largest animal lived range weight ounces shrew largest whales weigh pounds blue whales exceed feet length reasons give fact largest mammal found sea smallest mammal found land mammals young cared parents number young produced mating pair mammals fewer animal groups protection care provided parents chances survival offspring greater
examine skeletal muscle discover mass tissue composed millions individual muscle fibers fastened connective tissue muscle fibers cells surrounding entire muscle smooth tough sheet connective tissue connective tissue separates muscle permits movement muscles adjacent muscles amount friction skeletal muscle viewed high powers magnification alternating dark light bands seen figure skeletal muscle referred striated muscle appearance skeletal muscles body connected bones exceptions muscles run bone skin run part skin face muscle connecting bones biceps muscle upper arm region end biceps muscle attached shoulder end attached bones lower arm biceps contracts pulls elbow bent point muscle attached stationary shoulder called origin end muscle moves bone known insertion bend elbow contract biceps muscle part biceps thickens belly muscle muscle fibers muscles able contract able extend words skeletal muscles pull push muscles paired members pair
embryonic membranes mentioned exception placenta formed implantation shortly placenta forms chorionic villi continue grow branch uterine wall villi uterus extensive circulatory systems circulatory system villi uterus close relationship connect place attachment developing embryo uterine wall placenta develops placenta parts part consists chorionic villi circulation part uterine wall circulation placenta called disk placenta mammals placenta occurs shapes forms pregnancy progresses blood vessels capillaries uterine tissue placenta tend break forming spaces tissue spaces fill blood mother spaces chorionic villi grow villi numerous capillaries receiving blood developing embryo membranes separating blood supplies exchange gases nutrients wastes exchange occurs placenta oxygen nutrients antibodies hormones pass blood spaces villi circulatory system developing embryo waste products carbon dioxide urea diffuse capillaries villi carried emphasized circulatory systems entirely separate distinct mixing blood embryo blood mother occurs accident connecting link developing embryo placenta umbilical cord
number chromosomes definite species cell body human pairs chromosomes species chromosomes number chromosomes varies widely species roundworms single celled marine protozoan number chromosomes characteristic species important nature hereditary material chromosomes passed parents important development organism hereditary material contained genes chromosomes structurally gene large molecule dna information direct cellular activity organism contained chemical code established genes investigate nature gene code chapter developing embryo process mitosis ensures constant number chromosomes body cells organism important daughter cell kind amount hereditary material parent cell body cells chromosomes original fertilized egg cell developed gametes body cells basic difference body cells sex cells types form cells body cell divides equal parts gametes join form individual consider difference means gametes number chromosomes body cells result zygote formed union gametes
recall mendel result investigations peas proposed basic concepts regarding heredity concepts basic understanding heredity stated effective ways staining cells developed proposed known chromosomes genes staining techniques developed led working patterns mitosis meiosis mendel neglected discovered natural attempt relate mendel theoretical factors physical part cell undertake task walter sutton sutton recognized parallels actions factors mendel actions chromosomes observed meiosis proposed parallels striking coincidence suggestion genes mendel factors definite physical units located chromosomes cells sutton express chromosomes theory heredity careful investigation analysis preceded development important theory information known fused discovered biologists knew heredity links generations organisms reproduce sexually eggs sperms mendel found matter parent female male contributed dominant recessive traits ratios offspring sperm egg contribute equally heredity offspring sperm nucleus concluded nuclear material controls heredity course nucleus chromosomes careful sutton able relate observed cells mendel proposed occurring
studied individual organisms populations single kinds organisms consider biotic community think community populations kinds organisms live area community small small farm pond forest extends miles biotic community complicated thousands kinds microorganisms hundreds thousands kinds worms insects hundreds kinds plants hundreds kinds vertebrates communities richer kinds habitat arctic desert variety prairie deciduous forest populations constant interaction preyed turn prey forms populations increasing decreasing change environment involves water temperature humidity disturbance favor types detrimental interesting interactions observed kinds populations community unfavorable habitats number kinds organisms likely limited populations relationships simpler easier study regions arctic deserts studied reason kind predator kind prey consistently reason population prey reduced predator population affected
suppose fire destroys large section forest protection canopy trees litter floor forest humus burned soil remaining soil light powdery unprotected heavy rains areas disastrous raindrops quickly destroy remaining structure soil water begins runoff water begins flow myriad small streams larger streams finally raging torrent heavy rain areas swift flowing water result wall water sweeps canyon valley needless say destruction results fire streams forest clear clean heavy rain swift flowing water observed fire streams look rivers mud torrent carries particles sizes streams carry coarse gravel carry rocks considerable size heavy rain mouth canyon water spreads slows drops load silt sand gravel rocks process cover valley floor fertile productive useless layer debris destroyed forest results occurred ruining fertile hills valleys process happened times forest destroyed characteristics watershed change result water shortage created communities facing water shortage problems solutions proposed help solve problems water shortage
presidency theodore roosevelt policy government regard natural resources benefit general public policy general prosperity country served development natural resources private capital policy vast areas land sold forests cut conservation mind deal forestland wasted public grazing lands exploitation resources minerals oils benefiting individuals american president theodore roosevelt help conservationist gifford pinchot promoted conservation policies gifford pinchot teacher forestry leader promoting conservation advisor president roosevelt pinchot knew natural resources conserved public aware problem supported conservation president roosevelt guidance pinchot acted department interior department agriculture aware conservation important save natural resources congress opposed president president roosevelt created inland waterways commission functions investigate problems water conservation irrigation president roosevelt started twenty irrigation reclamation projects largest theodore roosevelt dam arizona desert areas turned farming areas result projects president roosevelt started program scientific reforestation fire control forest areas president roosevelt term increased million acres million acres president roosevelt stopped practice selling mineral lands private companies
marvin door let screen door slam knew mother hear bring talk today care today feel slam door care things started wrong saturdays mother let sleep ten reason woke waste sleep kitchen eat breakfast peace listen noisy brother sister kitchen walked uncle jerry sitting place window drinking coffee smoking cigar marvin believe imagine smoking cigar morning uncle jerry barber worked shop train station marvin supposed mother marvin wanted morning marvin sure going morning uncle coffee uncle jerry cream marv put sugar cup say need hair cut uncle jerry look case barber school uncle jerry joke marv heard times
marvin wanting talk jumping want stand tell mind storing junk garage small mountain pretty soon room rat control coming soon clean want ready henderson stopped talking smiled marvin fancy pulled rain hat head marvin moved bag arm sounded henderson getting point henderson thought clean garage pay worth part weeks finish school saturdays thought henderson waited salesman junk worth thing junk thing boy henderson waited smiling marvin say tried picture junk henderson want busy thinking missed
marv worked hard roll big trash door roll care want knock tall piles junk worked thought car dreamed carried boxes yard pictured driving street hands wheel rested arm window marv remembered learned driving class changed picture hands wheel saw rolling happy burger night drive car cleaned shining look real cool boys standing look wish owned course say marv drive window ask burger thick malt girl brought food give car look smile marvin tell buy drink marv tried think money pay food dream left henderson garage thing clear marv car going matter looked going going proud drive part
days hard marvin tell nephew knew happen told mother hit roof tried stayed room school night want meet henderson garage school mind cliff kind try saying wanted car marvin car marv put lot hard car cost lot money car marv thought angry afternoon marvin home school find henderson waiting look face marv knew going bad news marvin wanted tell want worry heard nephew mine cliff jail called ask things thought left house henderson stopped talking looked marvin minute things cliff asked car guess wanted sold wanted money kind buy car place owed lot money put title car
marvin closed eyes opened bad dream car raced yard pounded henderson door marvin happened henderson asked marvin tried tears running face talk car car henderson cliff cliff lock broken marvin look garage door lock broken car key henderson house call police police car garage fast henderson met coming house policemen looked garage asked questions sad marvin henderson tell police nephew hard cliff told marv easy hoped nephew straight california sad voice going california wish wish nephew policemen saw marvin car wanted check neighbor seen marvin henderson looked henderson shook head sadly run hope police put call car
move car inch call police henderson told jail marvin title car earned give keys give key garage want hear stay house stay hope california hope broken heart times marvin watched henderson nephew sure henderson mean saying broke henderson say sorry look henderson marv car forget want henderson took deep breath give keys cliff california luck marvin waited cliff move cliff took keys pocket threw ground thanks lot uncle dear cliff real dream forget beautiful things turned walked marvin picked keys henderson watched nephew walk pretty bad sad voice hope thing hope learned gave chance marvin held words
excuse mister phil hopeful voice tying laces bowling shoes middle fifties hair turning gray build athlete looked saw young standing area separated bowling lanes seats watch young looking question brown eyes yes score phil asked smiled finished tying shoelaces want sure phil walked table holding score pad sat big cigar stuck corner mouth punk bothering mister asked scowl quietly let manager harsh voice bill jordan run place punk works supposed clear bother walked swagger going counter bowling shoes phil looked angrily manager looking excuse throw place finished working told stop thinking picked pencil put asked nick answered turned alley let today suddenly loud commotion farther alleys
phil father sitting porch reading newspaper phil didn feel answering lot questions hurried past house headed room lifted bowling ball shelf closet bit paper fluttered pushed ball picked paper looked changed street clothes picture cathy graham cut newspaper printed cathy captain high school girls basketball team phil hid friends wouldn kid crush cathy graham popular girl spoken surprised bruce jordan bowling alley afternoon didn kind hang bruce jordan gang phil liked ask cathy place didn cost money save penny expected car wanted car sighed walked downstairs paused living room look trophies father won small silver plated trophy inches high phil won children contest promised win bowling regularly minutes decided couldn avoid father forever walked
crowd students standing bulletin board phil school morning waited room looking announcement bowling championship seniors held saturday phil smiled couldn believe luck dad working managing alley job father told free bowling manager son wasn barred place anymore suddenly felt side turned saw cathy graham looking sorry yesterday phil stared puzzled yesterday asked excited father manage alley getting job completely forgotten argument bruce jordan spoken directly cathy graham felt nervous mean didn notice asked sounding feelings hurt shoulders stiff turned walked wait phil called hurried putting hand arm expected pull didn thought chance talk cathy graham let touch sorry didn mean sounded tried think say hurting feelings look bowl asked knowing thought jordan threw bowling alley answered changed phil told
hi champ mean bruce greeted phil lucky ready licking phil didn say set ball rack sat bruce glanced phil ball sly look face looked ball wise smile changed frown hey ball dad phil told bruce beat anyway phil stared wondering bothering bruce ball heard nick speaking nick standing facing crowd folks game trophy let call bruce flipped coin bruce called heads heads going bruce usual wise grin missing looked upset start took position threw ball alley perfect strike swagger nick marked score sheet phil feet took position rear line knew going close game bruce jordan bragged lot bowler phil took deep breath approach threw ball pins players luck luck bruce jeered stood shot phil grinned dad lucky ball won lot championships luck working look
left nick ben walked phil phil trying forget gutter balls cost tournament trying forget cathy walking bruce arm sworn wasn kind girl fact remained tough luck phil things happen father sympathetically happen asked curiously don phil thought balls threw perfect lost control feet walked rack picking ball going try figure wrong walked rear line took regular approach let ball started began lose line suddenly taking odd nick odd impossible phil grimly waited ball picked looking carefully looked perfectly normal phil looked finger grip holes eyes narrowed anger looked room tools screwdriver began poke finger grip holes thought look end screwdriver bits plastic wood drilled ball put weights throw balance phil angrily
phil thought frowning wrong difference anymore left books seat hall office phil walked saw cathy graham sitting looking pretty hurt look realized bruce jordan bruce trophy sitting principal desk phil expected bruce wise remark bruce looked puzzled meeting sit phil want listen principal phil tried look cathy sat principal leaned pressed button tape recorder sitting desk phil didn listening voice hearing started pay closer attention voice heard cathy knew outsmart phil saying admiring voice pay attention knew didn bruce phil wondered principal brought feel worse tape finished principal going laugh brought mind tape couldn figure prefer phil guy bruce saying tape gutter balls threw fool cathy voice fix throw gutter balls bruce ball
stop think stories part lives eating sleeping live stories toes tweaked beat piggy market finally laid rest parable story bible obituary narrative account led stories parents tell stories television movies stories newspapers magazines family stories gossipy stories friends course stories books read stories told campfires human language written stories ancient egyptians thousand ago love stories important methods human communication stories book form variety sizes short medium extra short extra novels ranging pages huge thousand page volumes medium length stories pages called novelettes stories deal short pages forty pages ten pages typically named size short stories short stories resemble larger cousins novels ways important differences obvious difference author room move simply longer short story number situations presented parallel stories plot lines related finally brought end
readers dismiss setting word scenery quaint england village golden gate bridge picture postcard view grand canyon author throws distract reader case plot lags view setting calling beethoven symphony background music setting plays active role story think setting contributes important information story tells geographical location physical surroundings historical period story set author variety devices give information devices sights sounds smells actual historical events styles architecture clothing modes transportation details help orient reader place obvious casual reader extent setting influences elements story playing passive role storytelling setting makes number important contributions suggests action helps story believable expresses theme helps create atmosphere reader experience tell train small boy growing harlem setting pervades entire story conceivably happen fact setting potential action recognize realizing instance peer dark dingy alley think place murder admire sunny gracious home wonder unhappy voicing expectations suggested setting
stay father hallway home hallway building kids lived building found beat rain stood big cold radiator began cry crying wasn going especially hear stepped stoop stood wondering thought condemned house corner played dangerous supposed possessed don think dry place started running east block turned corners house black window sockets house completely dark forgotten afraid dark rain drenching ran cellar steps clambered house broken windows squatted dry dread daring look house staring outward holding breath heard endless scurrying darkness perpetual busyness thought rats teeth ferocity fearful size began cry don squatted mind listened rain rats
terse objective prose history book simply convey intense personal response spanish civil war evoked war erupted leftist factions united popular front gained control spanish government national election leftists included anarchists socialists communists republicans favored equal distribution country wealth resources hands large landowners military clergy powerful interest groups referred united leadership general francisco franco overthrow government preserve status quo resulting conflict aroused impassioned support liberals leftists parts side republicans fascists notably adolf hitler benito mussolini side general franco russians gave support left spain gigantic rehearsal war ii george orwell english journalist known today author animal farm thousands volunteered services fought international brigade fascist forces spain recalled orwell notion writing newspaper articles joined militia immediately atmosphere conceivable thing atmosphere moved orwell risk front lines embodiment social equality wrote normal motives civilized money grubbing fear boss simply ceased exist ordinary class division society disappeared extent unthinkable money tainted air england peasants owned master
watched alive motions living human cares living human shivered cellar living supposed shiver obedient fed body rest felt wanted feel pants legs didn dare watched belgian balancing legs master muscles think tomorrow bloodless shadows watched sucked vampires finally juan want feel neck professional motive obeying impulse charity acting charity night caressed juan head neck kid let handled eyes leaving suddenly seized hand looked strangely held belgian hand hands pleasant grey pincers gripping fat reddish hand suspected going happen tom suspected belgian didn thing smiled paternally moment kid brought fat red hand mouth tried bite belgian pulled quickly stumbled wall looked horror suddenly understood began laugh guards jumped asleep wide open eyes blank
character short story collection images conversation action tidbit touching appearance background mere representations paper exist miraculously collection images takes shape mind reader character character takes unusual imagine character stepping pages story living room picture meeting detail say character reply basis suggestive passages story spellbound readers written letters sherlock holmes greatest fictional characters mistaken assumption actually exists touching tribute author skill characterization characterization creation imaginary persons strike reader real context story ability portray fictional characters successfully single important skill storyteller broad methods characterization known expository dramatic types characters flat characters round characters static characters developing characters re story follows lesson john master characterization look christian word exposition means setting facts detailed explanation expository method characterization consists direct presentation facts information character narrator character character method
remember read book tried tell friend chances faithfully told happened forgot mention setting setting secondary character plot story author choice setting natural fact imagine action taking place aware setting characters plot setting extremely important part story afterthought author attempt add local color setting firmly linked characters story conflicts beset mississippi river essential story huckleberry finn tom sawyer gas lit london victorian era sherlock holmes story uprooted transplanted setting drastically changing nature setting simply framework author places story author builds framework presenting simple facts put reader place author describes geographical location physical surroundings historical period story set level setting scenery props equally important atmosphere feeling setting helps create feel lot likely feel pious church ball game warm hospitable surroundings feel cold strange environment
roots story family tree starting author furthest ancestor african named kunta kinte kidnapped white slave traders chopping wood drum small west african village juffure capture white slave traders kunta kinte seventeen disaster happened hold slave ship kunta africans agony bare planks backs inflame open festering wounds left lashes ship crew ship hold senses body naked chained toilets water lights stench overwhelming equally distressing moans death overcome pain unable cope trauma ordeal kunta forced contemplate reality unjust faith allah sustains shocked find company denounced allah face plight assailed waves grief torn parents younger brothers future bright promising kunta searches explanation allah ways course reason suffering kunta rest religious convictions basis simple faith belief proof justification tribal languages communication prisoners hold ship slow laborious
water poured rapidly hold kunta heard sound heavy coarse cloth dragged deck moments later flood subsided trickle kunta began sweat gag toubob covered holes shut water cut air trapping heat stench entirely hold tolerance began choke vomit rattling shackles frantically screaming panic kunta nose throat lungs felt stuffed blazing cotton gasping breath scream surrounded wild frenzy jerking chains suffocating cries didn bladder bowels released sledgehammer waves crashed hull timbers heads strained pegs held choked screams hold grew louder canoe plunged sickeningly downward shuddering tons ocean poured miraculously rose torrential rains beat hailstones mountainous broadside drove rolling trembling noise hold began abate chained fainted limp kunta deck amazed find alive orange lights moving think took deep breath realized fresh air lay sprawled exploding pains terrible couldn stop crying front toubob
historians historical novelists responsibility facts straight present honest picture age characters clothing pastimes slang fads embrace accurately reflect point history architecture transportation industries landscape mirror place naturally actual battle figures course expect dates battle outcome accurately reported historical novelist obligation represent spirit instance soldiers participated battle dirty hungry tired bone disliked leader disapproved country involvement war feelings conveyed reader similarly age marked revolution historical recapture restlessness uncertainty excitement characterize era passage hawaii portrays arrival whaling ship hawaiian port impressions island reading passage mission gaining control john bedford put record tonnage oil recently discovered japan whaling grounds jerusha school girls suddenly interrupted excited cry road sailors inside boat john favorably known previous visits intelligence created excitement especially daughters spent minutes darting significant glances
prove death conflict amble bodies half capacity speculate perform crisis situation predict rise occasion fall james deliverance middle aged embark whitewater canoe trip wild river north georgia memorable adventure weekend death conflict pitting nature mercilessly expose faces die victim homosexual assault killers survivors awareness mortality clearer understanding limits capabilities sobering insight dark forces lurk deep mankind nature interesting speculate survive nuclear holocaust suddenly blasted stone age lewis kind anticipated calamity fully prepared weight lifting bow hunting canoeing pursued enthusiasm fanatic friend ed gentry regarded lewis mixture tolerance open admiration remarks seen male body begin conceive sit ups leg raises dieting bringing veins muscles view
problem interest absorbed began notice solutions getting harder harder cliff starting shudder face chest aware sound breath whistling humming crazily stone cliff laboring inch arms tiring calves trembling jumping knew looking famous advice climbing things going enter panic getting concentrated cliff feeling gently shaking badly inching shift newer higher position felt tenderness wall despite looked river spread flat filled moonlight took space bearing center coiling image light chill bending flame seventy hundred feet hanging poised kind inescapable glory bright pit turned cliff leaned mouth feeling nerves muscles exactly possession wall random points held thing thought going working bank looking easier let foot void
fist ape fell shook head kids shouting front dark figure moved slow circle ape stopped straight left boys fell clinch going fix mother won shortcut moved throwing quick fists ape face ape wiped blood nose looked ring kids shouting liked stayed clear kid shortcut carter picked fight shortcut faked left caught ape chin hook minute boys tall fair slim dark hung ape pushed shortcut shortcut surprised ape saw eyes maybe change mind ape ape swung shortcut slid boys let shout landed meant end fight shortcut danced ape shouted eat guys breakfast crowd watching let laughing shout ape forward slow arms high stone ground caught foot slipped shortcut moved going called run school parking lot fight school grounds want fight fight teacher pushed crowd boys carter
morning shortcut stood front doors school friends standing laughing talking early homeroom mouse hendricks tall skinny junior punched shortcut arm say nearly run yesterday laid hand laid fist mouse boys baby lyons ray olson began laugh round cold shortcut lucky ray told listen hot ape shortcut idea anyway boys laughed thought ready baby getting worried size head shortcuts ready don let ape fool ray looks big slow strong bull guy grew plenty meat potatoes city cats mouse eats plenty fish brains baby added dumb lets shortcut toughest schools york city shortcuts carter talked shortcuts boys called shortcut shortcuts homework study hall tests cafeteria shortcuts football practice halfback school football team shortcut father shoemaker moved town seaport york city spring
ape shortcut big strong ape trust trust shortcut tell shortcut don don pay fair mouse sure olson added give chance ape ape trying mind let straight shortcut hate guts hate mine money help don want say say don pretend job ape told want couple things straight re boat charge tell re boss captain shortcut friends laughed ape bit lip big mistake don want touching nets motor oars tell afraid going steal ape touch wrong thing wrong dragged overboard maybe lose hand captain re boss touch ape gave meet jeep aye aye captain shortcut saluted friends laughed ape watched boys move hall feeling making mistake shortcut putting show
felt boat hit sand threw motor reverse boat move picked oars pushed bottom felt boat lift move ahead push oar boat move killed motor raised clear propeller push weight boat sandbar trouble big load fish empty kicked heavy boots slid side water waist put shoulder boat pushed boat moved ahead scraping sand push boat moved foot boat stuck fast matter pushed move stopped minute rest walked middle boat put hand pilot face breathing shock ape thought maybe skull broken cold ape noticed tide coming wait hour water high float wait hour half hour pilot boat float free hold pilot push boat try throwing fishing gear box tools anchor
shortcut felt afraid afraid sharks afraid drown die loss blood afraid ape forget let leg minute put whistle mouth blew loud times listened help cried cry died fog dark ape shore car pulled side road stopped john thank god found sharon called ran ape believe eyes sharon quick give hand lifted pilot front seat sharon helped ape ran driver seat coast guard station drive hospital told sharon plane crash happened shortcut hope hold ape won coast guard find soon ape told helicopter fog hour boat plane faster mother called minutes ago sharon wanted house hour late afraid lost fog told dad car look dock boat
pilot hospital bump head doctors able save hurt leg died shortcut week boys big names papers talked brave seaport police department gave hundred dollars pilot paid full set flying lessons ape ape traded lessons hand wheel drive truck month plane crash shortcut letter saved letter shortcut harry boatyard ask owner showed letter ape school boys sharon ape truck drove boatyard owner took brand foot outboard boat beautiful big engine boat need owner told shortcut mine shortcut believe eyes paid ready beautiful sharon shouldn boat shortcut pointed ape told owner handed shortcut envelope papers suppose sell shortcut ape half boat ape told don don boats learn show run
kind things turned differently brad mack climbed yellow bus headed tri military academy word sun bright burning sky perfect late spring warm hot walking fairgrounds mack mind brad fair brad looked forward game booths rides hot dogs pretty girls big deal brad child lived country seen movie tv tri saved money parents spent month fair trying hide school barber hair head mack city kid fair welcome change bed checks marches dinner hick fair town square bus stops trips heading north hick town maybe chance escape guts thought figure mack passed big paper cup full root beer brad strolled midway brad stopped watch shooting gallery mack watched brad re strange pair friends thought
weird mack whispered brad stared inside tent spooky brad agreed dim lights hanging roof tent shone strange collection things left stood mummy case lid standing open mack stepped saw looked big doll wrapped brown rags boy strange pointed true mummy pharaoh boy thousands mack jumped stung brad walking looking floor sides tent covered weird masks shrunken heads mummy cases glass covered tables held bones knives things didn want think strange black stood smiling boys wandered stuff real brad asked finally laughed shaking head junk smiled junk worthless important reasons running carnival show professor boys heard boys looked brad shrugged mack famous professor face famous heard archaeologist exploring ancient civilizations lost cities bag valuable belongs tell loudspeaker sounded sheriff flood tri academy bus loading area sheriff flood tri academy bus loading area
midway brad mack tried stay shadows bright lights turned dark neon signs colored bulbs glowed stands tents music merry round filled night crowd thinner young children seen boys stopped roll sleeves shirts tri school badge covered guess brad muttered kids age spotted shot don mack money left brad reached jeans counted cents change mack counted cents boy sure couple big brad laughed bus tickets mack shaking head hey look brad interrupted whisper mack looked brad pointed saw sheriff flood standing weight age stand puffing small cigars sheriff looking don look mack turning brad voice nervous start hot dog stand count ten follow mack ready walked easy pace hot dog stand sitting stools counters mack walked rear counter facing flood standing moved took quick look corner eye flood sight mack sat brad slipped seat hot dogs mack called
looked surprise mack brad pounded stairs shot hit ceiling heads boys jumped safety boxes foot stairs stay want living cried waving gun jar going stop backed steps open coal bin doors dim moonlight brad mack holding jar chest doors slammed closed boys stumbled stairs doors locked mack cried pushing hard ran cellar stairs kitchen rushing room ran straight knocking floor hurry mack cried helping feet getting genie jar heard car race street screech corner boys re sorry genie jar brad gun mack added boys tried hard counts worrying sighed thing rest think seen professor smile mack looked hard shrugged shoulders bed room brad sure taking news
shadows danced walls moved dark cellar rats raced holes moved light damp walls cried bringing gun head tricks staircase whisper step bottom looked going faint boy ordered mack started forward pointed brad brad walked steps looking closely step bottom tiny hinges brad pulled top step peered eagerly opening smooth white jar rested bed soft rags brad shouted found yelling excitement millions rich rich looked boys laughed reached jacket pulled rope boy brad tie hurry mack sat floor brad tied tied rope loosely hoping gun help brad open jar brad eyes opened wide head picture giant thing popping grab jar open don want wishes lid shouted pointing gun straight brad face says mack floor
pair headlights lit street car raced boys siren started red light flashed sheriff flood turned took aim flood car mack threw branch branch hit arm shot wild mack brad flood car moving fast seconds arms handcuffs wrists brad mack helped feet looked breathless speak smiled shook head brad mack knew meant didn want tell flood genie knew tell flood shoved seat car front doors open looked boys frowning bloody faces torn clothes took piece paper began read clarence mcdonald mack sighed bradley finch brad nodded boys getting easy flood taking home academy mean mack asked sheriff shook head smiled trip folks waiting worried sheriff speak boys minute asked sure flood answered wait car brad mack moved closer say jar opened genie don want
emily looked pictures walls want job thought want wanted laced fingers lap gregory finished reading job application form put looked worked part emily told high school graduated asked yes emily yes sir dad talked lot saying sir ma expected nervous looking job terrible wished school seen tv camera gregory asked emily shook head sir think smiled emily tried smile wasn sure run tv camera try thought sounded lot interesting jobs newspaper try gregory ask stood let studio look camera emily hall talking walked hired girls cameras decided give try going hire told girls camera operators male month trial period trial period emily asked quickly sure hire job let
emily took deep breath put hands thick bar platform pulled hard camera fast backward emily looked gregory surprise saw laughing laughed rollers able move fast walked front door thing planning college emily wasn sure say decided tell truth school gregory laughed tell truth held hand took thanks coming emily let days night getting ready date ben emily thought job days fingers sore keeping crossed luck ben hit lucky found job graduated southwest job service department car dealer wild car hope hit lucky emily thought month graduation night remember prom ben danced dance teased afterward proposed talking going going job ben talk
lee ann waited don want wear mess hair emily didn bother answer mona guests sitting easy chairs set cameras half circle lights set emily listened hard director told camera operators ok camera start moving close mona shot mona camera shot woman mona left emily tried watch tv screen side control room watching home tried camera operator jim hall gave directions lights show emily stood took exciting lee ann think lee ann answered thought boring mona mason pretty emily stared surprise lee ann didn notice walking carl neil taped shows emily began help putting taking sets lee ann sat steps making jokes smiling al leaving learn today asked smile yes lee ann told emily al don give takes
henry voice loudspeaker sorry happy problem cleared minute voice camera hack emily swallowed hard yes microphone henry start camera opening ready ten seconds voice emily looked lee ann tony standing close tony wearing wasn helping lee ann running camera accident bumped camera wrecked shot busy think henry moving camera audience close cute girl camera looks emily hear lee ann giggle show tony slipped lights lee ann took hung neil walked emily children filed don hard happened rest thanks neil emily wanted tell happened knew believe neil friend tony friend think making excuses lee ann began untying balloons emily neil carl carried bleachers al appeared doorway clipboard hand nice job lee ann camera
wanted call tell truth told thought late tony deny lights al seen say al think trying job looking lee ann truck room door emily asked talking al lee ann told emily raised eyebrows al hour meant lee ann fast wanted ask lunch emily asked lee ann looked hurt emily bit lip wished sounded sharp sure quickly lee ann talked party night cafeteria wish al let later sat maybe speak hard early emily didn answer ate sandwich emily didn mean hurt feelings yesterday lee ann forget emily bites wishing told lee ann busy lunch want sorry thought school kids anymore dating tony jim henry driving crazy wanting al paused al emily working hard hold temper
carol mother asked home sure emily class school called today shower maria getting married fun emily haven seen girls graduation wasn sure fun seeing hearing telling job tell wouldn longer wished ben engagement ring show thought shower days ben raise dad plant didn call months family hard times find thought ben raise change maybe mom dad bill manage dad unemployment emily shook head worry lot al lee ann spent tony emily neil setting taking sets emily bought maria present home wish ben thought clerk wrapped maybe soon shower carol maria jumped hugged feel welcome suddenly glad friends
amos feeling morning wrong frank connor word amos met garage hours ago wasn amos couldn figure knew wrong connor wasn bashful telling amos wrong connor acting strangely frank connor driver big tractor trailer rig west end machine company amos helper west end manufactured heavy machinery connor amos delivered machinery factories bought tractor trailer rig biggest big machinery carried big heavy wheels tractor trailer sort rig stared roared highway frank connor driving rigs amos close friends pretty amos dirty helpers connor helped amos wash rig past weeks teaching amos drive connor amos wait truck load stopped eat lunch amos understood stay rig guard thieves connor amos wait truck brought couple hamburgers let amos pay amos working west end machine company months beginning settle job
amos didn tell mother joining army set set afternoon home tell mom don think fired asked going join army amos asked mother fired going let amos wasn fired didn wrong cutback workers didn seniority job going laid called couple months want join army bad sounds amos enlisting truck driver army call heavy vehicle driver lot west end machine amos mother didn say asked leave monday federal building ready noon monday late change mind took physical afternoon amos mom don want car wash mind mother say looked going cry didn amos surprised happened friday morning tell west end machine workers bye
twenty minutes later finley stood faced pick gear form column follow walked terminal building amos saw pretending amos didn exist turned hallway machine looked doorway show carrying hidden weapon amos knew set catch hijackers plane walked ramp tunnel plane airline stewardess showed sit fasten amos knew leaving home didn think homesick upset hoped didn show amos window seat cloudy didn stewardess served sandwich soft drink pilot told passengers fasten soon landing louisville sergeants met walked louisville airport building army clothes called fatigues sergeant dressed regular uniform army called class wore amos called smokey bear hats chest sergeant class uniform covered ribbons pins didn look friendly thing amos saw liked black finley shouted detail halt stopped walking
sergeant wilson called captain walked room sergeant began walking aisle trainees beds checking amos held breath waited finally inspection didn uniform gear shape inspected uniform bed wall locker amos stood attention stared straight ahead captain didn say word moved soldier amos sure pass able home inspection captain left barracks trainees lined formation sergeant rest pass started read names failed inspection smith charles read lowell frederick porter alfred amos amos amos stomach sank mistake thought gear perfect fall shouted sergeant trainees ran barracks amos ran sergeant sergeant called wasn looked clipboard buttons unbuttoned fatigue jacket wall locker supposed buttoned amos sure buttoned buttons buttoned don raise voice sergeant try remember walked amos angry sick walked slowly barracks looked fatigue jacket button buttoned supposed
large red haired climbed top tank wearing fatigues grease face amos decided mechanic thought knew sergeant brought wanted amos wash tank covered mud say climbed tank amos surprised big call sergeant face surprised pulled cap pocket put head warrant officer bar small hat hi red sergeant say hello friend slats slats warrant officer slats warrant officer putting hand didn friends amos didn say saluted warrant officer returned salute smile guys running asked officer warrant officer try remember re supposed say sir officers try remember amos trouble keeping straight face officer making fun sergeant saying try remember yes sir sir sergeant permission sir dirty rotten machine break sir smiled thanks week wanted give slats ride tank nutty idea wants truck driver
amos drove tank field minutes felt sure fun sergeant told turn dirt road amos turn drove dirt roads minutes fuel left asked amos looked fuel gauge quarter tank ok stop put transmission park climb driver seat amos stopped tank told sergeant crawled driver seat army frowns drive things fast hard engine tracks run fast understand amos armor board place war course armor board beating tank understand sure amos ok turret hang tight re going ride amos helmet tank jerked motion felt transmission shift high gear tell sound sergeant holding boot accelerator pedal hard ran tank fast gate armor board skidded curves raced hills splashed streams ride amos sorry fence armor board rounded curve road
topic sentence keystone sentences paragraph relate directly indirectly controlling idea expressed topic sentence topic sentence clear point structure paragraph weak clear paragraph demands successful topic sentence topic sentence expresses controlling thought clearly ways hold paragraph controlling thought topic sentence clear easier organize ideas support explain analyze point view start paragraph announce controlling idea topic sentence place tell readers re going tell em beginning writer place topic sentence paragraph place beginning topic sentence present subject attitude subject dogs merely subject dogs stink subject attitude dogs subject going write stink attitude dogs thing remember topic sentence determines follows sentences follow original statement controlling idea dogs halitosis support topic sentence dogs fun play notice sentences topic sentences subject attitude simple statements fact watch minute slow edmond smith require explanation development complete sufficient statements topic sentences
announced controlling idea develop discuss explain support prove controlling idea facts reasons illustrations comparisons contrasts definitions remember discussed introduction unity coherence adequate development sure paragraph central idea paragraph unity won matter sentences won paragraph sentence paragraph supports controlling idea topic sentence important topic sentence key unified paragraph begin vague controlling idea easily stray topic destroy unity paragraph lot irrelevant details specific controlling idea find easier unify paragraph central point able importance unity writing think important speaking enjoy listening hour saying fifteen minutes wouldn urge say point sure bore listener tell story unity comedian sidetracked lot irrelevant details finally joke going living comedian don distracted irrelevant details annoying trying concentrate don want interrupted lose train thought think reader
reasons want replace wall switch reason course thing working interesting reasons kinds switches installed place case begin shutting entire circuit fuse circuit breaker panel sure circuit dead switch cover plate removing screws top bottom switch held metal wall box screws top bottom remove screws carefully pull entire switch box inches slack wire tucked box notice wires black connected brass screws switch loosen screws slip wires turning counterclockwise pick switch connect wires exactly switch sure fit wires screws loops wires tighten tighten screws tuck slack wire neatly box fasten switch place note won trouble matching screw holes electrical switches junction boxes outlets standardized put cover plate restore power fuse circuit breaker panel job conclusion simply tells reader completed final step job easy tell forget important detail fail clear prove ask fellow student tell put coat
living room farmhouse makes feel cozy living room apartment building colder uncomfortable feeling room atmosphere forms controlling idea descriptive paragraph topic sentence think place describing feel tense important scared relaxed kind atmosphere project eerie atmosphere tense atmosphere peaceful atmosphere determine atmosphere place present reader topic sentence sure reader specific controlling idea topic sentence living room farmhouse warm cozy atmosphere living room nice atmosphere larry apartment feel cold uncomfortable larry apartment gave bad feeling student paragraph presents develops clear central impression air death haunts grandfather red brick house walk creaky oak door light barely creeps dirty window panes slowly move lively living room reaching light switch soft wisp spider web brushes hand smell taste dust thick air grey crushed velvet furniture covered thick clear plastic sheets white walls ceiling dull dingy grey wisps dust floor hearing heartbeat feel loneliness emptiness crash louder harder standing waiting kind loving gentleman speak thought mind
chosen details fit purpose arrange logical order matter paragraph describes object person location event list details random pattern observe picture thing order think parts effects matter reader visualize writer provide pattern reader fit details recreate imagination location relation describing help arrange details effectively fixed position eyes sweep room scan object top bottom examine person head toe contemplate landscape horizon standing choose unique characteristic extend pattern details outward motion relate impressions objects view pass walk details arranged orient reader give view actual observer look melancholy place lived loved died pine snag front yard crow launched hobbled flight fields overgrown brambles scrub oak shallow pit filled briars raspberry bushes marked spot farmhouse stood field mouse scurried weeds
science began practical questions plant crops soldier injuries healed food spoiling solve problems early humans developed tools observing measuring parts today questions continue artificial heart liver save natural environment live planets earlier times learn natural try solve human problems ask questions answers practical universe begin smallest bits matter energy determines human behavior chapter give idea scientists learned living things scientist biologist knows lot living things scientist learn things scientists learn things hanging chains gallows body swayed moonlight young approached making sure watched climbed pulled body chains young andreas vesalius lived vesalius sixteenth century dr frankenstein medical student upset teaching methods school physician sit chair talking human body barber cut animal result taught humans wrong vesalius realized need direct observation
hubble scientists believe universe expanding stars rushing billion ago earth apparently formed part matter sun heavy elements iron copper pulled center earth liquid center hot millions earth cooled crust rock center planet hot liquid hot center earth caused crust crack gases rose space atmosphere atmosphere contained nitrogen carbon hydrogen oxygen gas early atmosphere oxygen present combined compounds steam water vapor rose atmosphere hot center earth cracks crust earth cooled steam cooled rain returned earth violent thunderstorms lightning providing enormous amounts electrical energy energy lightning provided energy compounds combine ways russian biologist alexander oparin suggested began water methane gas hydrogen ammonia combined formed simple organic compounds combined form proteins simple compounds form materials found organisms beginning later organic compounds enclosed membranes cells scientists believe spontaneous generation happens today
pond organisms microscopic group seen microscope types plantlike organisms found groups algae common pond organisms produce food animals pond algae single celled celled algae important food producers body water smallest pond oceans algae large mats scum water green color aquarium pond water millions microscopic algae floating algae eaten animals including algae look green algae called diatoms look yellow brown diatoms glasslike walls shells shells fit parts box diatom dies shells sink bottom pond diatoms algae part group simple single celled organisms microorganisms plants food animals swim find eat food animallike called protozoa animals protozoa food hydras small animals common protozoan microscopic slipper shaped organism called paramecium paramecium covered hundreds hairlike projections help swim hairs oars paramecium glides swiftly water paramecia feed smaller organisms decaying material water
simplest living things classified monerans organisms moneran kingdom simple structure live single cells species cells organized colonies moneran kingdom phyla bacteria blue green algae monerans simple cells cells cell membrane surrounding cytoplasm cell wall shape protection lack internal structures nucleus circular molecule dna found nuclear area enclosed membrane cells monerans smaller cells organisms blue green algae microscopic organisms colored substances chlorophyll green pigment captures energy sunlight photosynthesis blue pigment colors combine give monerans bluish green appearance blue green substances brown red colors blue green algae celled able survive land water species found soil grow sides damp rocks flowerpots bark trees ponds lakes rich organic material blue green algae growing times blue green algae lake pond grow quickly making water green
mushroom main part fungus spore producing part underneath soil inside rotting log hidden mycelium fungus taking food growing fungus mature reproduce needs rainfall damp night spore bearing part swell push surface force created fungus powerful known lift rocks break cement sidewalks type club fungus grows rotten logs open fields part visible ground huge looks round white ball narrows base stem hard species edible stages development found sizes shapes release spores puffs smoke single pore top rain helps distribute spores soon mature release billion spores bracket fungi produce number spores formed inside edge shelf fungus mature spores released underside shelf bracket fungi resemble crusts shelves mushrooms soft flexible young tough leathery mature
seeds pines remain attached base scales late cones fall tree seeds carried wind nearby areas soil conditions seed lands begin grow tree earlier chapter stated plants undergo alternation generations gymnosperms exception familiar tree bush spore producing plant spores makes remain cones part cycle easy stage hard generation produces eggs sperm forms inside cones egg producing stage found inside ovule female cones sperm producing stage occurs pollen grain conifers widely humans consider range products wood wood parts trees purposes bulk tree lumber construction small trees parts trees making lumber making paper trees serve raw material manufacturing synthetic products products include rayon paint thinner varnish plastics glues wood trees flowering plants oak cherry wood products conifers conifers called evergreens function cone types cones produced conifers
coldblooded vertebrates live water breathe gills young develop lungs live land rest lives known amphibians comes greek words mean lives amphibians include frogs toads salamanders adults legs tail newly hatched larvae tails legs frogs toads look similar legs tail large eyes frogs smooth skin toads rough skin toads live farther water frogs salamanders look lizards slender bodies legs tail salamanders unlike lizards smooth moist skin lack scales claws amphibians lay eggs water fertilized body eggs laid large puddles irrigation ditches ponds lakes streams desert toad larvae race develop lungs water left rainstorm dries amphibians gradual metamorphosis larva adult species remain larval stage lives frog larva tadpole adult metamorphosis gills tadpole replaced lungs mouthparts eating insects develop legs form tail disappears metamorphosis amphibians controlled hormone produced gland neck hormone chemical iodine
system group organs perform function needed skeletal system human body shape skeleton body collapse muscular system moves skeleton nervous system controls muscle contractions systems support body humans internal skeletal system internal skeletons bones cartilage ligaments bones hard rigid living cells cells completely surrounded mineral material calcium bone tissue hardness soft tissue center bone called marrow kinds marrow red marrow yellow marrow blood cells produced red marrow yellow marrow fat produce red blood cells body endured sudden loss blood blood vessels pass tiny canals hard part bones smooth outer covering protection bones skeleton bones shapes large flat bones serve protect body bones surround organ rib cage serve protection bones knobs holes movement knobs holes places muscles attach bones act levers move bones tube shaped bones leg bones tend strong support lot weight
excretory system removes wastes body waste byproduct metabolism harm poison cells substances needed cells small amounts large amounts substances poisonous occurs excess removed body undigested food waste product digestive system leaves body large intestine wastes produced cells respiration carbon dioxide water proteins cell release energy nitrogen compound called ammonia produced ammonia poisonous liver ammonia poisonous waste called urea cellular wastes diffuse blood body organs adapted filtering blood organs remove wastes body skin lungs kidneys organs excretory system wastes leave skin sweat sweat glands skin surrounded capillaries water salts urea blood diffuse sweat glands wastes leave glands pores skin ten percent cell wastes leave body skin carbon dioxide water diffuse blood air sacs lungs exhale wastes leave body hold palm hand front mouth exhale mouth feel moisture exhaled air kidney remarkable filter cellular wastes removed body kidneys
alcohol poison damages brain cells cells repaired heavy alcohol destroys liver damaging brain alcohol pregnant woman permanent damage unborn child depressant drugs kill pain sleep barbiturates prescribed doctors patients need sleeping pill codeine mild depressant cough medicines depressant drugs poisons large amount depressant lead kind drunkenness coma finally death nicotine found leaves tobacco plants person smokes tobacco nicotine breathed lungs smoke trace nicotine acts mild stimulant body speeds pulse nicotine tightens blood vessels blood pressure rise nicotine harmful things tobacco smoke materials smoke break air sacs lungs materials collect linings air sacs makes difficult needed oxygen pass lungs blood materials smoke irritate lining lungs sixteen materials known lead cancer lungs materials tobacco smoke stomach acid increases chances ulcers smokers likely liver bladder cancer
explosions fires leading household hazards injure kill hundreds thousands destroy millions dollars worth property common explosions home gas leakage heating systems gas stoves detect gas leak smell gas house smell gas open doors windows gas move outdoors turn gas source light match smell gas house ventilated try find source gas leak plug leak need help call local fire department local utility company information spot prevent gas leaks gasoline source explosions fires leave cap container gasoline flammable liquids liquids catch fire piles gasoline oil soaked rags papers catch fire means spontaneous combustion process chemicals build heat ignite material help match fires start half fatal fires homes set smokers sleep smoking bed bedding sofas catch fire produce poisonous smoke home fires stoves home heating systems hot water heaters important sparks fireplaces electrical appliances properly
read traits determined genes gene section dna chromosome gene carries message instructions trait instructions coded arrangement bases dna gene instructions genes kinds proteins cell gene holds code protein enzymes proteins play important role cell nearly chemical reactions cell controlled enzymes consider trait height pea plants genes tallness likely code enzyme needed growth chemical pea plant chemical short instructions gene tell cell protein instructions dna gene relayed chromosomes nucleus ribosomes cytoplasm rna nucleic acid similar dna rna makes copy instructions dna ribosomes rna directs making proteins amino acids describe instructions gene tell cell protein diagram figure shows genes offspring parents genes trait fur color black fur bb dominant white fur bb recessive male parent bb white female parent bb black male reproductive cells genes
saltwater marshes formed rivers join ocean marshes places shallow salt water saltwater marshes rich nutrients nutrients land wash marshes ocean currents bring nutrients marsh bottoms rich nutrients saltwater marsh organisms river amount area ocean large amount food makes marsh ideal place young shrimp oysters fish young ocean going fish hatch saltwater marshes control water flow oysters young fish grown water farms saltwater marshes purposes farming fish marshes dump sites wastes filled building houses farms filling marsh affect ocean food web shoreline tide goes times rocky beaches organisms live rocks low high tide levels low tide organisms trapped small pools water air small pools ocean water called tide pools fiddler crabs sea urchins starfish sea anemones animals found tide pools tide pool organisms special adaptations niche able stand crashing surf water saltiness hours exposed air
human population increased rapidly human needs put demands limited natural resources increased human population greatly increased demand food produce food farmers poisonous chemicals kill crop eating insects chemicals drain rivers water polluted poisonous chemicals meet needs plant animal populations live fact poisons kill organisms live depend water increasing human population industries grown fumes smoke factories autos pass air materials smoke fumes poisonous living things wind currents spread poisons atmosphere air pollution increases clean air living things process meeting human needs natural resources populations reduced pollution reduces amount natural resource population air water constantly cycling renewable resources air water filled poisonous chemicals gases meet needs living things limiting limited natural resources pollution affects populations pollution environment disease organism upsets balance system ways pollutants limit natural resources increasing human population needs homes schools hospitals automobiles airplanes needed carry place place meet demands factories built
live east street york city going stay forever mother father moving west say say stay forever west plays baseball re busy chasing buffaloes cactus look don look stand soon sit west takes fifteen minutes say hello west look silly wear chaps spurs bandanna hat big find underneath ride horse school don west grows sheriff want subway driver friend seymour eat salami sandwiches west won friends named tex slim eat chili beans breakfast lunch dinner miss seymour salami west cool airplane desert hot collapse buzzards circle overhead rescues real movies clouds window buzzards looking map looked map knew house
walk ago deep dark woods wild animals boot wanted animals seen boot bear plant bear showed animals strings fell sides boot roots course doubt agreed fox let plant sun suggested bear fruit someday bear feeling wise picked boot carried animals continued stroll woods rusty kettle wondered sniffing strange thing cried birds want wise bear kind nest look bird pecking rim kettle bird goes chirped bird deep inside hole eggs safe naturally agreed moose perfect nest saw animals began walk birds flying overhead carried newfound nest handle cracked white plate animals asked moon otter fallen sky asked rabbit
animals deep dark woods didn want believe true sam girl story likes imagination looking truth believe lot fun sam finds learn tell difference real believe small island large harbor lived fisherman daughter named samantha called sam reckless habit lying sam mother mermaid knew dead sam fierce lion home baby kangaroo actually wise cat called bangs sam bangs talk wanted sam sam sam believe bangs yawned shook head ragged rug doorstep chariot drawn dragons early morning sam father left fishing boat hugged sam hard today change talk real moonshine moonshine spells trouble sam promised washed dishes beds swept floor wondered meant asked bangs explain real moonshine bangs jumped shoulder purred moonshine flummadiddle real opposite sam decided bangs sense sun golden star cracked window sam knew expect thomas
bay san juan puerto rico town called ago lived retired sailor called companion parrot beautiful talkative bird known town parrot talked thing refused say town matter hard tried teach say word saddened loved town ungrateful bird told parrot repeat hear refuse say town lived parrot blink eyes talk things sat balcony parrot knee don rich poultry breeder san juan stopped listened heard parrot wonderful addition poultry yard listened conversation wanted sell parrot pay silver gold buy senor don surprised looked money asked bargain replied
older ball koko trailer worried koko treat kitten turned koko gentle ball afraid koko gorilla mother combed petted ball clean looked eyes ears mouth sure healthy ball topic conversation koko lessons love visit koko signed ball arrived morning lesson koko enjoy conversations kitten conversation took place koko research assistant named janet give grapes tell ball cat janet soft koko signed kind animal janet asked cat cat cat koko answered love ball soft cat cat koko signed sign language art test koko ball lay green toy orange towel gave koko canvas paints asked draw ball koko ten colors choose picked black ball body picked orange towel picked green toy ball eyes asked koko picked tan foggy december morning assistants told ball hit car died shocked unprepared didn close grown ball
willing spend james started feel book box james held card braille alphabet card borrow don need anymore james shaking head grinning detectives spring baseball kid team captain babe called babe tad grinned average james chewed lip let say lot james today getting late pulled wallet tad noticed bills folded short james fingered held tad thanks help tad stood twisting bill hand unloading boxes thanks uh happy easter crossing street tad thought detective stuff buy dollars re mom greeted eggs ready michelle egg dyeing tradition house designs drawn eggs pencil traced nails dipped hot wax eggs dyed waxed designs remained white course wouldn appreciate code michelle code tad fingered wax bumps egg remembering braille card pocket
suddenly chin chiang stumbled falling quick step recovered balance excitedly leaped air higher dance chin chiang feet moved surely steps grew firmer leaps daring mrs cheered market shops poured houses balconies sidewalks filling streets chin chiang caught sight familiar face crowd pu yee chin chiang leaped sidewalk pulled street chin chiang pulling bones bones knees pu yee yes chin chiang look hesitantly took hold tail kicked heels rooftop cheered street danced beat thundering drum soon dragon lifted head shook tail dance pu yee hugged chin chiang close grandfather wu smiled inside dragon head bring friend home dinner chin chiang pu yee chin chiang hopped quickly doorstep family exchanged gifts fine teas wooden boxes clothes small red envelopes lucky money sat share plates meat dumplings carp bowls steaming soup trays delicious cakes fresh fruit
bear remembered words medicine sacajawea need things girls teach big brother taught swim braves learned slip icy mountain streams ripple swim heavy pack important lessons brave learned able tell exactly night disgrace warrior lost traveled suns bear taught sacajawea find trackless forest narrow mountain passes watch carefully travel remember landmarks big things curve peak sky small things crooked branch tree wasting boys girl learn lessons brave sacajawea bear proved home sacajawea part mountains bear saw eagle nest high cliff let eaglets nest eagles shoshoni told sacajawea climbed steep cliff spirits gave strong magic turn eagles flew high watch enemies evil spirit tribe stole magic turned
journey night spent forest nights settlement thomas brown horse tied nearby asleep feet tree sarah father sat musket knees nodded sarah knew called wake suddenly need hear voice face oooh strange sound nearby tree father owl sarah telling goodnight longer louder sound stranger sound pain father fox sarah bigger dog calling mate sarah closed eyes tried sleep sound open eyes sit father yes sarah wolf musket awake sleep father tell home tell sarah home howl wolf farther remember sarah home tell land bought rocking baby cradle baby sleep mother baby journey young strong wolf farther hear
true story gretchen grandmother gretchen grandmother told young happened heard families west planned settle traveled covered wagons wagon drawn horses conestoga wagons called gretchen family wagon mother father sat driver seat children inside household goods bedding blankets pots pans table chairs dresser took space room left trudy john billy gretchen gretchen youngest wagon walked anna mare tied wagon faithfully carried sacks cornmeal hot noonday sun children cranky bored wagon cover shaded air openings front john billy started trudy oldest trying read asked quarrel stopped father voice quick look herd mustangs children rushed wagon distance wild horses horses galloped swiftly minutes sight look anna john mare stood
brother cried cold hungry daddy wrapped blankets hush baby son try sleep supply train coming soon supply train didn heard sound horses daddy looked indians cried scared heard stories indians tried brave watched dugout nicodemus watching indians circle indian took saddlebag dropped ground indians turned rode straight dugouts re coming willie cried raised guns indians rode past going waited sure ran snow indians left food talked look fresh deer meat fish dried beans squash bundles sticks fires burning feast nicodemus night ate daddy johnny willie brother want remember says bad things indians tell osage indians saved lives nicodemus spring daddy boys prairie flat
war colonies free country born colony states united states america americans celebrate birth country fourth july country united states communities formed cities grew farms started soon farm land left states farm land west cost money buy families decided move lands west lead lands called pioneers starting lands hard shops cities place buy food tools clothing doctors hospitals families bring needed live pioneer woman wrote list things family needed trip west pioneers traveled west covered wagons pulled horses strong cattle called oxen families traveled wagon train covered wagon line trip west easy roads mountains forests bridges rivers pioneers built large wooden rafts travel river lake rafts flat boats
sunday night mother father dinner baby sitter watching television violet homework drew picture cow eating grass arthur help homework help show milk arthur writing letter pen pal pen pal asked violet sandy arthur big brother girl class named sandy violet pen pal boy arthur learning karate plays drums help write pen pal asked violet need help asked arthur sisters pain violet called baby sitter bath violet finished homework put pencils eraser pencil case laid clean dress ribbon hair bath arthur finished writing letter wrote dear sandy glad pen pal sister wish brother wish drums send picture arthur looked pocket sandy address pulled bottle caps baseball card marbles pulled string chewed chewing gum pulled rubber snake half melted chocolate bar
arthur violet began indian wrestle violet pushed arthur arm hard arthur pushed harder violet squeezed arthur hand hard arthur squeezed harder ouch cried violet arthur called baby sitter stop thumb hurts violet arthur twisted nice big brother baby sitter hurt sister sisters fun arthur getting hurt nice brother sandy fair violet play games strong play don skip rope beat sweet milk sour milk red hot pepper idea baby sitter bed arthur bet beat violet rope skipping bet pen pal big brother beat violet violet bed arthur mailed letter pen pal arthur home violet skipping rope ready start easy skipping sweet milk sour milk want red hot pepper let practice arthur skipped slow skipped fast
end week arthur letter pen pal dear arthur love indian wrestle win girls champ tell sister double loop loop red hot pepper picture asked floor big brother big brother says trade places arthur looked picture read letter looked picture arthur thought sisters big brothers thought sister violet cry beat indian wrestling brag beat rope skipping knocked couldn karate arthur wrote letter sandy wrote dear sandy look karate outfit brother sister karate sister pretty neat double loop loop red hot pepper backwards tell brother don want trade places baby sitter violet rope skipping contest won baby sitter guess arthur indian wrestling rope skipping
recent death lamented friend patron ben franklin called historians attempted write accounts achievements wrong respects feel pen paw set things ill informed scribblers astonished ben fund information brilliant decisions knowledge asked told closest friend adviser say part responsible success fame wish claim simply hope justice credit credit due ben undoubtedly splendid fellow patriot undeniably stupid times true story judge oldest twenty children parents naming alphabet amos bathsheba claude daniel babies xenophon ysobel zenas lived vestry christ church street philadelphia paneling number mouths feed naturally prosperous family
drew sort plan clatter chance nap helped picking nuts screws tools dropped glasses ben fair terror interested noon stopped bit rest looked didn look bad considering shaped small fireplace set legs iron doors front smoke pipe running fireplace andirons fireplace boarded wouldn lose heat chimney ben walked looking proud worried floor says floor troubles amos short legs thin iron bottom heat docks hear telling sailors build cooking fires board ship layer sand deck bricks top amos shouts rushed bricks sand put layer sand bottom affair bricks top set andirons looked pretty promising eureka exclaims stepping admire tripping saw straighten things bit amos run logs
felt peace ben finally asked amos call affair friend credit call franklin stove bed soon comfortably settled home ben fairly skilled needle began contrive ingenious improvements fur cap small compartment supply food emergency course place sleeping peephole front watch going streets philadelphia ill paved congested ben wits able prevent plunging mud puddle market cart important improvement devised small hole lining cap left ear able give unnoticed observations advice historians puzzled dr franklin going minds didn things discovered told remarkable thing business ben soon dependent advice seldom ventured abroad fur cap inclement weather wore constantly indoors doffing privacy room
electrical exhibition ben acquaintances regarded suspiciously governor crossed opposite side street approached ben noticed wrapped experiments observed developing unseemly interest lightning house tree struck ben reach scene questioning present bolt looked smelled sounded sensations felt brown study lasted hours occasionally murmuring wonder wonder wonder asked finally getting nerves lightning electricity thing promptly re annoying horrid dangerous nuisances let strictly amos vision vision prove history tamed lightning notion making house pet lightning history cellar stay days later waked afternoon nap terrible clatter overhead investigation disclosed ben seated roof busily hammering fastened collection sharp pointed iron rods parts housetop
feel sure brooding subject seriously affected mind excuse treacherous conduct fashion ben favorite forms relaxation kite flying largest kite built tiny platform light splinters wood securely lashed kite sticks frame crossed stout railing surrounded floor cushioned milkweed safer snug retreat scarce imagined sailing aloft delightful sensation gentle motions kite warmth sun broad view spread combined restful enjoyable experience thrill added contrived tiny car slung pulley running kite string cast porch coasting glorious swoop ben earth car later added small sail wind sufficiently strong sail string kite enabled ascend descend spent happy hours thrilling sport deceit raise ugly head idyllic surroundings bring end innocent diversions painful pass rapidly unfortunate happenings brought friendship close
scarce arrived red began preaching revolution mice inn stables soon organized led forays caused innkeeper considerable trouble guests spite radical tendencies help liking young firebrand fast friends introduced prominent philadelphia mice acquaintance shocked violence theories admired eloquence capacity leadership group held interesting meetings red saddlebag home problems discussed meetings red brought discussion manifesto list grievances felt mice suffered hands master began course human events mouse dissolve bands linked master considerable length present felt wrongs slightly overdrawn impressed force red writing deeply moved borrowed read ben committee adjourned late hour accomplished proceeded reading ben showed increasing signs excitement close burst pleasure splendid amos splendid exclaimed fits case exactly course human events magnificent copy fellow course changing word mouse occurs
readiness amos sewers turmoil revolution liberty fill air vengeance tongue scarce restrain ardor false move ruin remember south window throne room map palace grounds night warm windows open signal em move sound signal depending red glanced grimly cudgel armed winter valley forge von discipline trust amos liberty justice forever thanked providence dynamic lieutenant afternoon visited sophia minute instructions trembling slightly excitement retained poise true aristocrat russians swedes report told dependable charge peasants require firm hand headdress splendid purpose monsieur amos care peering curtain hairdressers maids arranging madame headdress ball seen elaborate hair arrangements court exceeded beheld powdered curls rising height feet head arranged represent waves ocean
voyage home pleasant gracious presence sophia charming children ben downcast palace versailles battle severely snubbed guard rude making unpleasant remark shed mice ladies refused admit ben don realize country america waiting welcome hero think amos asked brightening heroes course haven raised money war independence general washington dock meet bands parades maybe re amos cheered think fireworks reception ben hoped cannon firearms delegations congress message general washington mayor city council volunteer fire brigade present dressed uniforms floats addresses bands parade ben course occupied carriage beaming pride usual wore fur cap ancient threadbare plenty peepholes sophia children naturally greatest excitement bands crowds sight
prompt stroke midnight nodded writing swarmed children gay voices upraised chorus happy birthday ben overwhelmed surprise pleasure soon recovered joining spirit occasion greatest gusto gifts presented mother beautifully knitted finish explained mate completed cold weather set father offering watch charm skillfully gnawed shell black walnut sophia exquisite piece husband rare brandy brought flight france ben gaily tossed hearty toast rest presentations twelve thirteen strongest brothers slipped quietly room grandchild finished speech curtsy staggered hat ben joy knew bounds gifts honors heaped foreign lands eyes beauties hat tried mirror fitted perfectly didn look bad insisted wearing rest evening amused younger children broad brim race track crackers cheese ale appeared older folks barley sugar young
code kind message tim finds code friends want crack code read find code toad tim school tim listened teacher call boy sat scott tim looked scott wish scott friend boys girls playground soccer ball kick scott boy called jason picked players didn want tim team don need players want tim play soccer didn let show hated watch game ball tim look shouted jason ran stop ball tim jason banged heard teacher call inside game tim bad jason bad tim bus home walked boys room asked sit
read bets mother haven tried brand skates bets skated street betty anne cried mother mother spoke sign move move quickly bets skated porch read try skates mother read book asked bets bets mother book picked library read sat porch steps bets brother say call mother bets read book mother read mother ran house porch hot bets eyes felt heavy face book loved skate swim loved play soccer hated read mother librarian loved read father brother loved read worked library school family read thought whispered voice tried reading tired gruff voice looks bad feathers looks bad bets opened eyes wide asked
bets began library met owl caterpillar want library find read books books books think library word library comes word book library collection books library big family library home home library books books find information school library big books help school school library called media center media center things books records picture look game play public library big collection books kinds age library books stories want read look information library read magazines newspapers pay money library library huge number books put library kind book put books kind story books put place information books put places
girl friend find laugh didn want girl friend met gloria saw van block house bringing chairs tables books boxes watched suddenly heard voice looked girl red looked age braids julian gloria newport cartwheel spun sideways cartwheels grass cartwheel wanted gloria hands grass feet fell looked gloria laughing laughing going home forget looked trying liked bird nest yard gloria asked showed robin lives gloria jumped tree looked house asked gloria mother gloria house showed games rock collection
watched kite flew overhead wish kite price kite won spend kite find things need kite home kinds kites flat kites box kites dragon kites directions tell flat kite follow step step kite need sticks stick inches stick inches sticks wide pencils ask help cut end sticks picture shows stick draw dot inches end draw dot inches end stick put sticks sticks cross dot wind string place sticks cross tie tie stronger covered coat glue glue dry put string top cut run string cut end stick place string cut tie string top
feel sad leave friend open letter friend message tells friend remembers friends lived door mexico father finds job aquarium york city family move sad leave home grandpa grandma sad leave wish home don friend father goes aquarium mother began looking house luck city rushed move quickly begins dark look angry think city mexico wish mother looking job reads newspapers librarian fall school tell grandpa remembers stories friend remembers awake sleeping letter hope messages happy remember grandpa rest family say hi mother father
walk path yard nana painting chairs grandpa smells paint color nana says smell color blue tell blue sky blue color grandpa eyes nana says late grandpa nana books read tree grandpa reads book fingers feeling braille dots tell words reads grandpa laughs loud tell joke says nana read papa grandpa dinner grandpa puts tv watch grandpa listens sounds words tell happy sad grandpa knows dark takes steps tucks bed leans kiss hands feeling head need haircut john says grandpa leaves tugs light chain bed turn light put lie turn light dark dark grandpa hear night sounds grandpa hears house creaking birds singing songs wind playing trees suddenly hear sounds geese overhead fly house
uncle sam puts penny bag grandpa look mother eagle bank penny goes mother baby dog bank asked scott put penny nose dog tug tail grandpa head goes penny drops neat shouted amy scott library whispered grandpa quiet whispered scott looked bank showed ball players tell bank grandpa scott grandpa read book called calamity bank penny dropped bank player turn run players turn stop bank save dollars scott save asked amy expect save ten twenty dollars scott save fifty hundred dollars amy try save money bank grandpa asked certainly scott grandpa buy bank start save money looked window window saw place buy bank scott amy grandpa
money asked leo emily leo buy asked emily borrow parents leo pay sold flags idea emily heard flag costs ten cents emily mother wholesale price emily lend dollars mother mother didn believe cost ten cents leo mine emily lend dollars leo mine emily week later package mail open asked emily let open leo small flags emily paper expect ten cents asked leo kind put shed emily kind stick birthday cakes small flag shed leo let start selling emily sold flags finished selling fifty left think overbought emily sold fifty ten dollars leo parents emily didn profit fifty flags left didn cost leo going fifty flags asked emily
amanda parents room sat computer amanda mother let write letters mother business amanda wasn allowed computer parents home anyway school business thought amanda pushed listened hum computer began report school report mind empty amanda started report week amanda mother showed draw computer amanda knew push line add dots line turns belt amanda began piece small picture computer tricky getting add line belt turns bridge goes small pond began draw path led castle gold door amanda finished beautiful magic kingdom surprise steam floated gold door suddenly door opened steam covered amanda rubbed eyes couldn thing feels floating floating steam thought amanda amanda felt bird dropped sky didn closed eyes hoping touch piece
think things inside supermarket supermarket huge rooms front room rows rows shelves filled kinds things buy shopping room truck carrying things supermarket sell bring boxes front room boxes huge room box stay room things needed supermarket shelves grocery clerk put box big cart push front room clerk sure find row thing row bottles things drink row kinds cereal clerk found row put things shelves shelves price price shows supermarket charge let plan shopping trip idea think need supermarket write shopping list showing things decided buy list easy forget list sure remember
big bag front doors bare feet dogs allowed means mimi maxi maxi didn left bit dog mandy bent pat piece paper piece yellow paper fell sidewalk mandy didn fall mimi didn fall maxi maxi barked paper mimi maxi makes fuss pretend don mimi turned big bag list asked mimi mandy reached belt cried going needs list anyway buy mimi sure asked mandy yes sure mimi remember ok mandy big bag looked bigger rows signs food decided start row snacks popcorn list asked mimi thought remembered mandy think list mimi put popcorn cart hey cereal comes plane inside asked mimi yes mandy mimi put box cereal cart soon cart filled popcorn cereal peanut butter plain peanut butter crunchy ice cream paper cups toothbrushes
truck drivers pull warehouses ohio michigan trucks loaded spools wire stacks wallboard typists telephone crews tennessee begin plumbers carpenters colorado tools head construction sites pilots dock ore boats harbors lakes begin unloading factories mills seattle york workers start machines cut drill sew form industrial materials millions places americans roll sleeves endless activities busy nation center industries purpose industries provide needs wants millions food shelter clothing need tools supplies need homes heated lighted want items cars television sets golf clubs things easier fun fill needs industries expand search result marvels produced satellites produced foretell weather computers living longer promise miracle medicines living promise industries food plentiful replacements body parts industries provide products services meet needs kinds industries generally referred manufacturing mining agriculture lumbering service industries communications transportation construction
modern manufacturing manufacturing ago earlier times person family needed order live families grow food build houses clothes tools weapons utensils household tools spoons took item materials method making things efficient figure later began specialize kind farming baked bread shoes produced tools developed names crafts baker shoemaker blacksmith activities known cottage crafts family home cottage figure order family items needed trading called bartering developed bartering trading product shoes trade food tools trade shoes type trading products bartering inefficient system person raised chickens carry big pen marketplace chickens traded things needed later began money products longer bartered sold money money buy products
kinds materials manufacturing clay fired baked furnace glass called ceramics sand silica clay making ceramics natural materials earth bricks dishes sinks ceramic material spacecraft covered protective tiles ceramic material fabric materials called textiles textiles fibers thread materials fibers natural synthetic cotton wool silk natural fibers nylon polyester synthetics fabrics blend mixture materials cotton polyester leather natural material comes animal hides leathers smooth shiny soft furry wide variety products leather addition shoes belts coats leather suitcases upholstery seat coverings rubber important material manufacturing rubber hard soft natural synthetic tires course rubber products hoses belts machinery gaskets tubes materials manufacturing wood metal plastics ceramics textiles leather rubber common processes activities change materials according plan sawing drilling sanding grinding bending painting methods specific ways changing industrial materials products major types processes manufacturing forming separating combining
follow steps sketches design ideas pencil felt tip marker draw small quick sketches design ideas lot thumbnail sketches don worry neat ideas paper examine thumbnail sketches pick ideas improve drawings neater put detail show design clearly rough sketches share ideas friends ask suggestions draw rendering design idea pick ideas rough sketches final sketch sheet paper neatly draw design look product colored pencils felt tip markers help sketch realistic follow instructions mock paper cardboard wood plastics materials mock cut paper cardboard scissors utility knife paper cardboard assembled glue staples cut wood rigid foamed plastic saw coping saw especially cutting plastic sheets foamed plastic wood smoothed shape fine abrasive paper file assemble wood plastic white glue look carefully mock shape mock correct mock look actual product
department charge actually making products production department turning materials components products assembling products important tasks run production plan production system sure job quickly accurately safely poor planning mistake production cost company lot money amount material production slowed stopped happen company producing yellow refrigerators ran yellow paint metal parts produced finished slow stop production jobs called workers assembling doors idle company pay wastes company money suppose assembly workers cost company hour worker hour costs company cost important plan production begins marketing sales department responsibility selling products consumer surveys find want learn willing pay likely buy product department marketing plan strategy plan product promoted advertised sold
manufacturing company specializes type product toys electronic equipment appliances furniture company buys equipment produce type product design place product introduced equipment changed meet need product jigs fixtures adapt machines tools specific jobs jig guide tool hold material operation repeated jig operation figure fixtures hold material place floor model stationary machines large manufacturing machines special fixtures hold materials fixtures type clamping device keeps material slipping moving processed figure jigs fixtures designed carefully easy operate production materials put place removed quickly jigs fixtures durable able thousands operations breaking machines designed molds dies making parts mold hollow form material poured squirted forced inside mold material hard formed shape mold cavity punch die press stamp parts metal plastics
ago white land cheyenne prophet called sweet medicine terrible dream dream saw strange hairy coming east buffaloes grasshoppers killed left alive live square houses sweet medicine saw kill buffaloes left eat starved saw hairy tear open mother earth exposing bones bound iron bands birds animals afraid longer spoke terrible dream say sweet medicine died awful sadness afterward white east wanted land soldiers attacked burned tipi villages killed women children drove horses fought bravely protect land loved lived fear things sweet medicine foretold surely coming true scouts galloped camp told called iron horse huge breathes smoke voice thunder coming white making iron road
rode night ridge overlooking wide valley river thick black smoke rising distance grass fire smoke strange shape look smoke coming wind impossible fire wind smoke coming underneath growing larger iron horse smoke wind puffs puffs white pipe iron horse disappeared distance young let trail leaves seen tracks surely iron bands binding mother earth sweet medicine dreamed cut set free tomahawks knives impossible task dug chopped ties middle hacked spikes rails longer joined moon passed overhead finished dawn showing saw small light level plain morning star rising eye iron horse shining fastest horses galloped track find saw iron horse turned horses fast
twisted clouds dust smoke steam dust blew hissing steam faded silence white ground cab dead iron horse breathe longer sun rose stood looking bewilderment suddenly door caboose opened jumped started running track died full arrows let white carry wagons broke open car inside jumble broken boxes barrels box filled axes hacking open cases excited inside seen things pans kettles china plates glass vases cups files knives cost buffalo robes trade white found mountains boxes shoes shirts pants jackets tall black hats hats ribbons feathers scattered soldiers uniforms blankets glasses soldier chiefs looking distance found flags uncovered beautiful shiny bugle caboose things eat bottles sweet juice heavy tin box open
science technology differ related let look examples science technology interact scientists study earth formed technologists materials found earth objects scientists study relationship earth planets stars technologists build launch space shuttles satellites scientists study materials microscope learn characteristics technologists create materials improved characteristics scientists discover human body works technologists artificial hearts limbs scientists discover genetic codes determine nature technologists codes develop medicines vaccines scientists technologists team scientific discoveries technologists apply scientific knowledge solution practical problems biologists chemists physicists scientists architects engineers product designers technicians technologists technology affects areas lives hard define simple try understand nature look points view technology sum human knowledge transform resources purpose meeting human needs making things strategy survival species means control modify natural environment practical application theoretical subject science application knowledge knowledge application melvin growling engine change alvin toffler
person literate english read write person literate technology understands technology technologically literate technology magic created solve problems satisfy human needs study technology informed technological decisions kinds technological decisions type relates role purchasers consumers technological goods services citizen living working democracy opportunity influence technology applied writing letters voting speaking publicly encourage development helpful technologies oppose technological feel harmful environment technology human race prehistoric times technology satisfied basic needs wants biological needs food medical assistance physical needs clothing shelter manufactured products need communicate information satisfied technological means technology important development human race classify historical periods terms technology stone age tools devices primarily store bronze age iron age tools devices metal industrial age began development industrial machines industrial revolution technological change took place slowly
center earth hot molten gases minerals miles surface earth temperature fahrenheit geysers faithful yosemite national park result steam hot water escaping cracks earth surface steam produced earth core turn turbines generate electricity small percentage energy comes geothermal reserves technological methods reaching reserves turn geothermal energy important energy source decades ahead chemical energy sources produce energy result chemical change substance burns air chemical change occurs atoms substance combine oxygen energy produced form heat chemical energy sources include wood coal oil gas wood burned primary energy source middle ages cord wood amount ft ft ft provide amount heat gallons oil woods heating hardwoods heat energy cord softwoods oak wood firewood shortage firewood developed forests destroyed burned wood thinking consequences coal important source chemical energy wood scarce began burn coal alternative united states billion tons coal half entire supply
soldering joining metals heat solder solder alloy lead tin melts fahrenheit soldering irons guns melt solder soldering common method attach wires electronic circuits welding method heat join metals welding metals welded heated high actually fuse welding rod solder help join metals welding produces strong bonds requires temperatures fahrenheit heat comes welding torch burns mixture gas air gas welding welding machines high electrical currents arc welding gluing method fastening materials glue chemical properties materials glue creates chemical bonds materials glued special glues glue wood metal ceramic plastic wood white yellow glues recommended plastic metal ceramic epoxy today glue fastening type material recently copper pipe plumbing jobs pipe fastened soldering pieces today plastic pipe called pvc chemical called polyvinyl chloride special glues join pieces pvc pipe glues create bond atoms pieces pipe glue joint stronger material joining
basic system model includes input process output monitor comparison basic system model describe technological system fm radio drawn basic system diagram home heating system drawn basic system model bodies systems bodies maintain temperature fahrenheit input command body temperature regulation system desired temperature fahrenheit maintaining temperature involves action muscles skin blood body core output actual body temperature body control systems systems regulate sugar level heartbeat oxygen collection important activities control systems body conditions conditions changing technological control system sump pump live area high water table occasionally water basement sump pump remove water sump pumps turned person person checks water pumped turns pump person feedback controls system systems water level measured float float turns switch type system automatic require human control
important things remember problem solving system begin solve problem understand clearly don satisfied results feedback observing results continue improve performance close desired results technological problems presented school require kind analysis problems experience gain solving problems school helps prepare solve problems differences carefully designed problems teachers problems posed complex real conditions engineers try solve technological problems consider effects solutions society environment plan construct airport close residential area noise pollution interfere lives residents real needs society community influence technological solutions technological solution meets needs environment solutions problems affected politics groups special interests interests favor oppose solution groups opposed development nuclear power plants claim radioactive material poison environment case accident
communication methods hundreds methods include communication systems sound speech communication systems symbols codes communication systems printed words communication systems drawings pictures person person communication accomplished spoken word language refined express shade thought feeling words nearly saying words loudly softly whispering singing saying poetically communicate feelings moods spoken language ability communicate severely limited experiment try substitute means communication speech hours rely speech communication codes means communication earliest code signals beaten drum piles stones marked trail burial place ancient rome commanders roman legions set signaling posts communicate messages soldiers sixth century chinese oil lamps attached kites signal advance unfriendly armies fires let english soldiers spanish armada sailing english channel need rapid communication developed france french revolution claude brothers developed communication system permitted government contact forces quickly effectively
days gutenberg printing industry reached corner millions books magazines printed knowledge shared remote locations newspapers medium communication masses popular end nineteenth century industrial revolution brought printing machinery large rapid print runs newspapers published united states early newspaper boston news letter early newspapers printed hand operated printing presses passed companies adopted machine driven presses york book publisher harper brothers press powered mule newspapers brought closer improved communication news place known places soon newspapers delivered publishers hoped newspaper improve understanding york sun circulation newspapers circulation highest country today york times prints million sunday papers news stories composed computers typewriters pages optically scanned lasers plant microwave satellite transmission huge newspaper presses continuously feed large spools paper rollers newspapers wall street journal usa today print papers locations
nation grew railroads canals highways opened markets demanded goods masters hired workers soon individual craftspeople producing goods manufacturing groups working boss factory industrial revolution late explosion inventions machines steam engine cotton gin sewing machine helped accomplish tasks quickly businesspeople machinery create improved methods production individual craftspeople items start finish factory workers hand hired small part job factory workers dependent product skills needed factory workers operate machines needed craftspeople factory system led mass production goods worker assigned job worker performed job worker skilled task production process divided specialized tasks worker task assembly line mass production methods assembly line larger quantity items produced period eli whitney started earliest mass production assembly lines whitney signed contract united states army rifles unheard number days
airports canals dams harbors pipelines towers constructed projects large construction companies divisions responsible type structure large construction company tunnel division building division pipeline division smaller companies specialize types construction renovation process rebuilding existing building change style building times structures need repair structure ages dust wind moisture slowly eat materials structure structure materials replaced renewed renovation alternative structure starting build construction refers production structure site construction systems combine technological resources provide structure output engineer design manage build structures information form engineering science building techniques drawings mathematical data building materials concrete steel wood large quantities construction process special tools equipment needed heavy construction heavy equipment earth moving operations consumes deal energy capital costs generally high construction projects high price land material equipment labor construction projects generally extend period modern techniques prefabrication modular construction reduce construction
robert fulton built ship powered steam put service carrying cargo york city albany steam powered boat successfully regular basis steam engine turned paddle wheel pushed water moving boat ahead clermont history development steam powered boats steamship designs paddle wheels sides ships paddle wheels screw propellers paddle wheels ships sails steam able advantage wind blowing wind died ships steam engines grew larger sails started disappearing commercial ocean going ships large passenger ships built heavily traveled routes hull design efficient powerful engines decreased needed ocean travel united states turbines capable producing horsepower atlantic crossing days ten hours forty minutes air travel taking matter hours trip attracting passengers previously traveled ship ocean liners disappeared smaller cruise ships popular vacationers ships carry intercontinental freight crude oil carried producing sites sites large tankers
transportation communication technologies promoted exchange goods ideas peoples previous contact exchange brought economic interdependence countries transportation technology changed living making regular travel activities accepted transportation systems vehicles carry cargo engine motor vehicle converts energy motion vehicle built carry expected load engine selected job environment part system users drive vehicles collect tickets maintain manage system transportation systems roadways ports built public money supplying vehicles bought private company money accurate scheduling important feature transportation system transportation systems classified land sea air space transportation systems systems similarities subsystems put determined needs user user needs include size load distance traveled speed required load moved water land early land vehicles mechanically powered powered steam railroads advance transportation changed lived railroad provided transportation bridge america today railroads carry higher percentage freight lower percentage passengers types transportation technologies matured
nations technological global energy supply increase substitutes fossil fuels found future renewable energy sources fulfill energy needs space based power stations beam concentrated microwave energy earth green algae plants provide source energy algae large amounts oils fats oils fats easily separated algae converted fuels acre water ground covered algae produce barrels oil oils rich source chemicals making gasoline energy hopes future fusion power fusion technology joins atoms process creates form matter matter mass original parts fusion reaction converts matter energy fusion reactions require huge amounts energy researchers trying find ways obtain energy reaction needed start reaction balance called reaction produces energy needed start excess energy generate electricity researchers think commercial fusion reactors built advantage nuclear fusion nuclear fission fusion produces clean energy nuclear waste radiation read book noticed newest technologies complex
student serve officer student association volunteer candidate nominated experience elected officer improve ability lead leadership skill especially valuable attending college working employers look willing learn able teachers recognize benefit student associations involve students associations students learn lead technology learning activities significant officers committees class student organization help lead manage activities class period class want part school technology student association activities student groups school organized allow students activities related subject student association technology education plans activities relate technology working group accomplishes member accomplish individually association forms committees allow members lead activities committee plans leads activity relating school technology education classes activity adds students understanding technology impact student association school affiliates joins association school chapters stronger share information office affiliates offices form strong national association
model system control operation streetlamp battery operated power supply model streetlamp electronic parts needed design system lamp turned dusk dawn circuit operate system built common electronic parts assembled modular electronic kits firms instruments closed pneumatic system plastic shampoo bottle similar container aquarium airline pet supply store ordinary balloon assemble system balloon inflated bottle squeezed familiar system control moving part device controlled devices constructed include elevator jack vehicle brake system teach computer controlled arm perform task transferring table tennis balls container computer hardware software includes teach repeat mode firms learn hardware software train robot follow sequence operations needed perform task want construct model home working doors windows add security system includes reed switches sensors design system tell door window opened try include sound activated alarm
venture study technology participate simulation form game opportunity part real imagined works simulation involves imagined freak cosmic event wandering planet earth uninhabited humans expected pass solar system swinging sun spacefaring planet spin center galaxy return forty chosen member giant hitchhiking adventure space craft leave earth rendezvous traveling planet decide join group space pilgrims unmanned space vehicles landed planet months ago discovered planet atmosphere earth apparently human inhabitants absolutely signs civilization goal space hikers settle develop later generations return earth traveling planet comes present space technology makes easy transport short small space vehicles allow send limited payload materials devices amount packed twenty large moving vans planet evidence technology
look simple machines lever wheel wedge surprise machines similar fact alike machines electric jet aircraft similar parts similarities understand machines operate help understand machines let look machine familiar bicycle parts bicycle hold support rider bike parts cover chain sprocket tires parts support cover system bike cover parts system provide protection user machine support parts system provide strength give machine appearance machine including bike system parts called energy transmission system energy transmission system transmits energy place machine system actually provide power bicycle rider bicycle energy transmission system energy provided legs rider energy transmitted pedals rear wheel ground bike forward note rear wheel support power part jobs examples
help understand nature materials give tour atoms molecules materials consider atoms link molecules linked atoms consider shape molecules combine form material atomic molecular structure material determines properties characteristics material buy knife wood carving need molecular properties knife surgeon operation wood select place ground fence post molecular structure wood constructing fine violin simple model atom atomic structure help atoms represented spools rod represents distance atoms rods invisible real set atoms rubber band represents attraction atoms spring represents forces repulsion atoms model complicated lines attraction repulsion shown simplified model knowing rod represent attraction repulsion distance atoms rods important parts model represent bonding energy overcome separate molecules materials cut metal fabric break bonds molecules materials knowing atomic structure
change materials addition trying create bonds add protective decorative coat paint paint forms bonds base materials drying process paint dirty surface poor bond create bonds melt metals allow cool forming alloy contour materials rearrange bonds pack molecules tightly shorten strengthen bonds reason auto parts forged cast stretch materials weakening plastic trash tear corners plastic stretched forming process contouring processes advantage contour change materials powdered metal press process put eye shadow face powder makeup compact aspirin tablets modification materials contour change means loss material pack finely powdered metal form shape pressure developed press granules metal powder hold heated fused called sintering powder loosely packed fused fine metal screen screen type separating dirt gasoline automobile fuel line
study range relationships energy arrange energy forms theoretical spectrum energy spectrum clothesline hang major categories energy forms spectrum ranges energy extremely small units matter atomic particles energy incredibly fast vibrations cosmic rays close center spectrum energy activity observe senses energy particles large travel slowly detected gaps occur unaided senses eyes ears perceive energy forms energy forms middle range heat light sound energy outer ranges proceeds tools developed spectrum major bands ranging matter direction energy direction bands atomic chemical mechanical electromagnetic radiant cosmic energy form spectrum point energy characteristics energy bands chapter stresses importance bonds atoms molecules remember bond balance attraction repulsion forces attraction repulsion forces energy energy released atomic level balance nucleus atom changed happen bonds atoms forces powerful previous bonds bond change energy released
instances important record information interested total count passed door need record signals water pump want save signals machine transmits century ago major sending messages telegraph telegraph operator send receive messages morse code difficult send message operator read easy receive message operator listen code write message operator missed word ask sender send simple recording machine helped solve problem unnecessary receiving operator decode message coming recording machine mark paper tape drawn past marking pen signal electromagnet drew arm forward pen mark signal transmitted record message tape marks telegraph operator decode transmission later codes communication control machines controlled specific coded messages guidance control subsystem machine
type load dynamic load dynamic load weight moves warned jump bed weight sleeping exerts force jump fact jump bed dynamic load double triple regular weight obviously increase bed collapse walking running footbridge exerts load standing bridge called dynamic load structures subject strong winds unequal amounts air pressure form eddy currents strong winds caused bridges collapse earth tremors quakes important dynamic loads regions earth forces common structures designed withstand additional dynamic loads past piece material top building attempts picture greek building shows structure required transporting lifting placing huge stones kind structure called post lintel structure support columns called posts piece top called lintel structure buildings today later arch introduced design feature support structures arch supported loads greater supported materials post lintel structure identify modern buildings arches early structures stone wood natural materials
form rolling structure significantly floating structure floating structures large surface areas weight distributed rolling structures focus load small points contact wheels frame supporting vehicle frame rolling structure automobile able support total weight vehicle load compare car body bridge foundation bridge represents wheels car major difference car bridge load car move load bridge difference car moves foundation bridge rolling vehicles impact structures car designed high impact structure materials design vehicle allow loss mechanical energy collide vehicle non moving object shape rolling structure rigid frame passenger compartment sits main frame main frame transmits weight vehicle wheels rest structure supports parts vehicle engine serves buffer passengers case impact cars trucks transport structures designed efficiently recently trucks equipped devices serve cut wind drag
types transportation require separate structures goods materials containers called transport unit examples cars train modular containers load truck bed transportation units power propulsion attached power vehicle propelled devices pathway tractors trailer trucks railroad engines tugboats examples vehicles provide basic power moving transport units vehicles combine propulsion unit container unit common vehicle automobile automobile unites engine cargo space passenger compartment case combined unit vehicle limit amount cargo transport cases hauling rolls fiberglass insulation vehicle filled terms space carry fraction weight potential instances hauling bricks plenty space left vehicle maximum weight reached point related ideas enter picture load operational load load brick hauling number bricks able haul operational load weight truck driver driver helper fuel tie downs pallets spare tire vehicles load limits terms strength power reduce operational load load increased
coal mined today natural coal refined produce synthetic natural gas synthetic gas properties natural gas pipelines coal process coal hydrogen react produce methane foods refined remove impurities change food desirable substances added improve shelf nutritional appearance food milling grain flour food refining parts grain wheat flour rice rye barley blended provide desired characteristics bread pizza cake addition blending enriched adding vitamins lost refining process rolled oats cornmeal sugar refined essentially earlier chapter energy special attention prime sources energy mentioned processes devices generate forms energy section expand earlier concepts focus ways energy sources changed usable desirable form selected energy devices convert prime energy secondary sources readily usable
desire major characteristic human species early humans explored surroundings foot later developed wheeled vehicles boats increased range travel journeys lengthened important maintain sense direction tools instruments developed early human history sun stars known move predictable ways sun set general pattern seasonal variations account sun predictable dependable tool early direction finding devices sun sundial shadow cast sun shining vertical pointer accurate modern digital clocks served purpose sundial tell early explorers direction heading vikings took advantage knowledge developed device called ship bearing dial device provided orientation north moveable pointer enabled sailors direction ship sailing pointer provide bearing direction ship maintain accomplishments phoenicians polynesians vikings exploration oceans continued major developments thousand invention hinged rudder opened safe ocean travel
computer important tool trend analysis computer makes analyze satellite production data predict likely areas drilling oil wells computer analyze data accidents breakdowns vehicles structures products data identify patterns help predict potential trouble spots patterns trends important feedback making improvements reducing likelihood future accidents forecasting approaches delphi method approach draws information group experts experts expect occur set procedures kind consensus method historical analogy makes comparisons past events sequences approach forecasts similar trends patterns major source data happened past approaches limited amount high quality data type forecasting models model sophisticated kind forecasting tool include powerful relationships causal models easy develop attempt describe known event form mathematical formulas models revised learned system information incorporated accuracy increases developed model identify future possibilities model helpful exploration discovery event happens
books profound effect lives centuries printing technology developed important thoughts events recorded song story generation passed called scribes wrote things happened handwritten books reproduced copied hand slow process isolated monasteries spent entire lives earlier religious writings writings existed leaders church government forced learn told ideas experiences earlier generations unknown persons johann gutenberg developed system moveable metal type books printing process reproduce cheaply thousands copies book bible produced copy scriptures reading important skill schools evolved learn read interpret bible consequences tremendous began question authority learned read write books produced scholars science mathematics philosophy religion able generations learned easier share ideas colleagues fields study
preceding chapters present concepts ideas technology chapter shows knowledge decisions technology affects lives learned tools important part technology tools discussed considered hard technologies machines instruments decision making skills soft technologies tools change society number decision making tools determine technology future result consequences desire decision minute decision choice alternatives face uncertainty making decision course action chosen decide buy ten speed bike speed decision based information consider distance riding consider adjustment maintenance bike require run decision educated guess bike fit future needs element uncertainty making decisions dislike uncertain things ordinarily try find answers clear cut want answer truth technology want choose choice alternatives
want learn technology opportunities reading watching television specials taking technology courses school participating clubs educational organizations interpret technology rapidly information growing technology lives pace change young experts technology older required unlearn ideas grasp patient help learn position ask pertinent questions technology parents grandparents teachers consider personal social ecological consequences ask questions non renewable materials conserve recycle energy making operating tool machine nonrenewable source find reaching goal conserve energy choice food decide eat fewer processed foods meat artificially fattened wear clothes designed warmer winter comfortable buildings minimally heated help insulate home advantage solar heating techniques choose mass transportation walk bike form car pool technological decisions ecological consequences continually remind consequences change behavior urge change
shelter food water clothing basic requirement human survival primitive societies depended shelters existed naturally easily materials hand advanced civilizations learned change materials forms change surroundings order improve living conditions today live complex kinds shelter granted primitive kinds shelter simple highly developed kinds housing meet human needs shelter living space factors influenced kinds shelters developed prehistoric times factors included climate shape land natural resources hand building location shelters influenced nearness water food earliest humans lived hunting shelters temporary matter crude shelters vital importance survival earliest humans lived filled danger caves overhanging rocks provided natural shelter fire warmth light helped caves livable hearth center family caves place performing religious rites primitive art found caves thought drawn hunters gain magical powers wild game recorded caves played part historical events recent number scrolls testament times found caves dead sea
founding english french spanish colonies america early basis distinct architectural traditions nation english colonists settled jamestown french established quebec canada spanish founded santa fe place settlers familiar styles building adapting surroundings styles important influence types architecture developed nation influence english architecture colonial housing greatest atlantic coast england southern colonies distinct forms colonial architecture developed england early settlers house forms familiar country wood plentiful common building material early village restored plymouth shows english settlers lived colonial era homes restored comfortable crude dugouts bark covered structures pilgrims lived sawmill built clapboards smooth lumber cover original walls split logs caulking earlier thatched roofs replaced shingles window openings small covered oiled paper cold number colonial styles developed england century homes rectangular form roofs variations steep slanted roof gable roof
prosperity brought interest large imposing homes affluent turned styles past homes era represented revival traditional english french early american designs including spanish mission style florida california prosperity led awareness living conditions home concern home decoration promoted popular book decorating house taste author elsie de wolfe sought establish standards taste style home furnishings interior decoration advertising aware desirability comfort convenience beauty home effect advertising increase demand labor saving equipment equipment including electric irons washing machines refrigerators helped management home easier consuming automobile influenced lifestyles war ford mass produced model sell wealthy families afford automobile automobile ownership common began spend home automobile contributed rise suburbs highway expansion building boom ended stock market crash late marking start depression building homes stopped longer afford buy lost savings unemployed families danger losing homes foreclosure
studied housing market type housing want face decision obtain renting buying offer advantages limitations part decision making want weigh considerations needs financial means renting afford buy home rent prefer renting flexibility housing young starting move frequently wanting establish permanent home want care responsibility ownership major advantage renting monthly payment housing utilities charges upkeep repairs tenant sign lease stated period written permission obtained give days notice case job relocation apartments rent offer special features recreational facilities security systems rental apartments favorable location cities places employment cultural opportunities considering place rent obtain information number specific topics information include responsibilities owner facilities services entitled renting home obligations taking signing lease sure understand terms
application lending agency mortgage loan agency begin investigation credit rating bank accounts charge accounts provide evidence credit rating local credit bureau record credit rating credit bureau reports poor credit rating buyer expect problems lending agency credit rating inaccurate fair credit reporting act inspect file credit office rating corrected error buyers seeking mortgage loan encounter discrimination occurs buyer protected equal credit opportunity act act prohibits lenders discriminating applicant credit race sex national origin religion marital status age minors excluded act states lenders consider applicant income public assistance programs alimony child support received regular payments mortgage interest rates determined factors factors national economy economy area house located type lender bank insurance company individual type length mortgage credit rating general surplus money economy mortgage rates money investment mortgage rates
trend smaller homes need conserve materials energy emphasized importance utilizing living space fully indoor space gained converting unfinished attics basements garages space living living space extended integrating indoor outdoor areas maximum expensive gain space converting unused areas basement attic building addition house areas partial structure foundation floor walls roof developed cost construction reduce expenditure advisable obtain architect rough drawings alternate plans conversion drawings allow weigh alternatives costs benefits building permit required making structural plans conform local building codes unfinished attics provide suitable space expansion attics accessible stairways easier convert reached stairs pulled ceiling conversion attic space permanent stairway secondary exit roof required traditional safety standards attic roof low section raised provide window space dormer windows added skylights offer possibilities improving light ventilation
elements design line form space pattern texture color ingredients achieve variety effects decoration elements governed number rules principles design help assure total effect pleasing knowledge combine elements help decorating home artist working flat surface establishes line direction motion lines dominant subordinate instances lines conflicting create confusion instances lines repetitive convey impression monotony vibrant create atmosphere excitement lines general directions vertical horizontal diagonal curved limit designs combining directional lines designers found lines psychological associations include vertical lines point sky convey impression dignity discipline strength architecture vertical lines exemplified tall monuments skyscrapers churches nature tall trees grasses home furnishings tall desk bureau mirror picture horizontal lines earth suggest serenity repose relaxation architecture horizontal lines noticeable low contemporary buildings ranch type homes nature setting sun ocean plain suggests horizontal lines home sofa low chest low bookcase emphasizes horizontal line movement
colors special quality appearing warm cool colors yellow yellow green yellow orange orange red orange red warm rooms colors inviting cheerful walls painted light values colors advance give feeling nearness cool colors purple blue purple blue blue green rooms colors cool relaxing walls painted light values colors recede give illusion distance colors warm cool offset exposure room designers believe colors rooms face north chosen warm color family background colors rooms face south chosen cool color family practice successful rooms daylight night incandescent lighting give greater warmth colors soft turquoise green blue warm pale soft yellow relationship colors decorating conceal problems caused awkward looking furniture large upholstered chair poor lines inconspicuous blends color wall hand complementary colors enhance violet chair looks brighter wall yellow complementary color wall blue
recently built homes ceilings higher feet ceilings painted white lighter walls plastered ceilings homes painted small figured wallpaper kitchen bathroom ceilings ceilings rooms dormer windows high ceilings older homes painted darker walls lower rooms noise problem acoustic panels tiles ceilings type ceiling reduce noise percent acoustic tiles panels feet feet feet feet finishes suitable room peel chip crack easy replace acoustic tile ceilings installed ways tiles panels supported metal grids hang ceiling rafters tiles stapled thin wood furring strips glued directly ceiling acoustic tile ceilings easy maintain dusted occasionally soft brush cleaned sponge mild detergent dirt clog small holes tiles dead air acts barrier dirt laden air floor ceiling occupy area room look floor ceiling foundation rooms floors serve unite separate divide areas
material tables chests chairs strong support heavy load wood metal common materials recent plastic combinations materials popular materials variety finishes designs furniture woods classified softwoods including pine spruce fir redwood hardwoods including walnut mahogany oak gum maple birch beech cherry expensive hardwoods stained resemble kind wood stained backs chests insides drawers order reduce cost plywood widely making furniture plywood produced pressure bonding thin sheets wood alternating directions grain process prevents warping permits shaping chair seats backs surface plastic finish resembling wood grain legs solid wood manufacture furniture leftover material wood shavings chips particles combined adhesive pressed firmly shape produce particle board particle board kitchen cabinets deal inexpensive furniture plastic finish simulating type color wood grain adhered surface particle board generally satisfactory buy product particle board sure drawers doors warped gaps
planning lighting room important consider activities pursued areas types activities require general illumination require lighting localized purposes light measured terms footcandles number footcandles needed varies activity card playing requires footcandles prolonged study reading requires footcandles lighting needs activities terms footcandles chart effectiveness lighting depends factors number footcandles correlated wattage individual lights factors affecting footcandles registered light meter include lightness darkness ceiling walls floor furniture extent general background lighting amount direct lighting activity area desk card table space lighting visual needs sufficient eyes healthier experience eye strain fatigue able pursue activity longer choosing lamps kind close sure look approved light sight bureau marked special tag prove adequate lighting benefits eyes try experiment evening dark read lamp watt bulb turn lamp overhead light notice difference comfort read
living plants provide attractive accent contrast inanimate objects room plants chosen cared give feeling extending room outdoors especially plants arranged windows prefer convenience artificial greenery artificial plants look natural clean growing plants successfully depends proper soil exposure correct feeding watering kind size container house plants thrive soil mixture sand leaf mold peat garden soil african violets require special soil mixture flowering plants require deal sunlight african violets grow curtained sunny windows bright north window artificial light plants vary greatly amount humidity require bottom leaves turn yellow stems look soft plant watered edges leaves turn brown plant getting water nursery salesperson advise soil exposure watering nourishment plant purchased popular house plants vines ferns philodendron coleus wandering jew green purple leaves english swedish ivy plants thrive subdued light artificial light hanging baskets floor planters cascade gracefully container
today high housing costs homeowners choosing remodel present home moving home suits needs remodeling involves structural means changing adding electrical plumbing heating systems result remodeling home expensive project jobs professional contractors hired popular projects include updating kitchen bathroom converting attic basement adding rooms existing home deciding remodeling projects billion dollars spent remodeling residential buildings according building industry surveys percent american households undertook projects compared percent number increased number publications special products designed especially market homeowners able save considerable amount money important evaluate skill interest energy undertaking remodeling project books sources information building supply stores sell special tools materials kit form enable successful stores salespeople give helpful advice aspects project specific equipment tools rented special jobs
career choose try match interests abilities personal resources job requirements understand special abilities interests preferences skills health ambitions find job provide greatest satisfaction offer greatest challenge interests enjoyed special hobbies part things enjoy relate working working indoors outdoors traveling routine creative enjoy competitive taking risks accepting challenges special skills developed ideas objects requires patience perseverance organizing initiative creative mind hands health physical endurance equal objectives jobs require strenuous outdoor kinds weather jobs mean feet stooping bending crawling jobs mean working tension periods lifetime goals wise identify range goals terms career personal goals suggest direction knowledge set short term goals securing training experience lead ultimate goal fulfilling goals ambitious want advance career prepared hard devote additional gaining training education experience
distributive education courses high school lead entry merchandising field training period experience salesperson stock assistant person promoted assistant buyer head stock turn lead jobs promotion assistant assistant marketing manager associate buyer senior buyer interior designing offers opportunities design related fields broad range opportunities exists design related home furnishings includes design textiles wallpaper furniture lamps household linens tableware accessories floral arrangements interior designer independently employed furniture department chain store paint wallpaper store manufacturer categories home furnishings independent designer works client payment designer handled number ways including set fee hourly fee consultation consultation supervision job percentage basis buying wholesale prices selling retail prices additional fee professional services interior designer brings knowledge experience wants needs present furnishings budget clients interior designers access catalogs manufacturers furniture floor wall coverings lamps lighting accessories clients large decorating establishments showrooms designers prefer handle large jobs making preliminary plans estimates completing project interior designer required license membership american society interior designers essential
food mean silly question say knows need food stay alive food related health choose foods eat healthy food choices influenced things health cultural traditions center food religions restrict foods followers allowed eat social psychological factors affect food choices food choices habit habit past continue thinking habits simpler habits hundreds separate decisions begin form food habits early eating happy experiences babies babies fed receive love attention shown learn associate food comfort security learn food satisfy hunger research shows improvements food choices terms health difficult change food habits fact aware makes especially hard change want change eating habits food choices helps formed
starches complex carbohydrates consist sugar units joined starches body sugars starches supply energy body starch broken glucose body energy starch energy stored body fat starch mainly grain products fruits vegetables foods breads cereals beans potatoes corn high starch believe starchy foods fattening true starchy foods especially high kilojoules calories supply important vitamins minerals overeat fattening trying lose weight cut starchy foods diet limit amount starchy foods eat watch foods prepared consider potatoes high starch plain potatoes fairly low kilojoules calories potatoes prepared served potatoes fattening butter sour cream add kilojoules calories potato fiber kind complex carbohydrate body enzymes needed digest fiber fiber important helping body rid solid wastes fiber ability absorb hold water softens solid wastes intestinal tract helps pass easily
water cooling system body body works narrow temperature range chemical body produce heat water absorb extra heat carry skin skin heat water lost perspiration aware slight perspiration water carries extra heat lungs disposal noticed air exhale warm moist cold small cloud protecting heat water kind shock absorber helps protect cells tissues sudden jolts damage lubricates joints helping move easily wear tear half water body replaced week means lose quarts water lose lost urine perspiration perspire lot hot weather vigorous activity lose water large losses water lead dehydration completely dry dehydration means body dangerously low water need replace water daily drinks quarts water oxidation food body oxidation produces water carbon dioxide addition heat energy
microwave oven cooking process high frequency radio waves called microwaves produced special tube microwaves distributed inside oven microwaves enter food molecules food rub movement creates friction friction creates heat heat cooks food process fast depending food cooked food cook times faster conventional methods speed advantage microwave cooking microwave cooking oven hot microwaves form energy hot microwave oven stays cool dishes stay cool cooking times short cooking periods dishes hot hot foods transfer heat cooking dish microwave ovens easy clean inside oven hot food spills cook burn oven microwave ovens help save energy small amounts food cooked cooking increases amount food cooked increases energy efficient cook large amounts food conventional oven cases food cooked microwave oven nutritious vegetables instance retain nutrients cooking shorter water needed materials cooking utensils microwave oven
kitchen tools give service care properly wood plastic glass metal tools require special care tools wood cutting boards put dishwasher soaked water prolonged contact water wood warp wooden tools wiped soapy cloth rinsed warm water dried immediately tools types plastic washed dishwasher melt high temperatures plastics tend absorb fat result difficult wash stained spaghetti sauce instance stain plastic storage bowls hand plastic tools durable need special care follow care instructions manufacturer glass porcelain glass ceramic pans pans nonstick finishes cleaned care abrasive steel wool cleaning products scratch finish substances discolor aluminum tools hard water eggs baking soda darken dark stains pots pans removed heating vinegar water solution aluminum dent scratch fairly easily careful washing aluminum tools copper tools pans copper bottoms clean shiny special copper cleaner lemon juice cast iron pans seasoned
espresso coffee originated italy brewed special coffee maker dark roasted finely ground coffee espresso served small cups strong cafe au popular parts europe especially france mixture equal amounts coffee hot milk iced coffee popular summer beverage pouring freshly strong coffee crushed ice glass number flavored coffees instant coffees flavorings mint chocolate orange added store coffee tightly covered container cool place coffee loses flavor warm temperatures experts recommend storing ground instant coffee refrigerator freezer tea leaves tea bushes young tender leaves unopened leaf buds quality tea quality related tea grown region altitude soil climate main categories tea black green black green teas kinds leaves main difference leaves black teas fermented process aroma lost bitter flavor substances lost black tea yellow brown color tastes rich green tea green yellow color bitter taste tea partly fermented
chocolate pudding cheese yogurt ice cream sundae common milk milk products milk animals cows goats sheep camels united states cows provide percent milk milk food source calcium excellent source protein riboflavin phosphorus milk vitamin naturally milks fortified vitamins fortified means vitamins minerals nutrients added food improve nutritional vitamins minerals found milk smaller important amounts term dairy products includes milk milk products milk products yogurt sour cream cheese ice cream supply nutrients milk foods supply nutrients smaller amounts dairy products ways milk served plain flavored syrups powders fruit milk basis soups sauces desserts yogurt cheese eaten plain cooking creams sour cream recipes ice cream dessert foods frozen desserts beverages milk comes forms buying fresh milk choose low fat skim milks buttermilk flavored milk beverages
tender meats nutritious tender cuts ways tender cuts meat tender meat cut connective tissue grind meat pound spiked meat mallet break connective tissue slash meat sharp knife meat liquid acid acid ingredients lemon juice vinegar tomato juice soften connective tissue commercial meat enzymes break protein connective tissue enzymes active meat heated cooking enzymes temperature ranges temperature hot cool meat affect proteins body follow package directions commercial meat properly meat grainy mushy ways meat cook slowly liquid slow moist cooking softens tough connective tissue makes meat tender moist heat cooking methods discussed later chapter meat takes deal food budget want shop carefully shopping meat confusing success buying meat depend knowledge buying
eggs general cooking recipes call eggs thicken custards puddings sauces souffles depend eggs leavening meat loaf recipes call eggs help bind ingredients fried foods dipped beaten eggs crumbs fried beaten egg brushed top breads cookies baked products shiny appearance flavorful crust eggs attractive garnishes salads platters food recipe calls eggs thicken dish add eggs hot food eggs curdle protein eggs quickly heated prevent curdling add small amount hot mixture beaten eggs sure stir eggs adding hot mixture add egg mixture food thickening beating egg whites special cooking skill hard tricky step let eggs warm room temperature beaten egg whites reach volume temperature separate egg white egg yolk sure egg yolk mixed egg white egg yolk fat smallest speck fat yolk bowl egg whites light fluffy
recipes call crumbs stretch meat content dish crunchy topping foods coating crumbs delicious add flavor crispness meats fish vegetables beaten egg milk crumbs stick surface food breaded foods fried broiled baked croutons small crunchy bread cubes soups salads casseroles croutons cut slices bread cubes brown cubes skillet butter oil experiment herbs garlic onion seasonings extra flavor drain croutons paper towels croutons butter sides bread slices cutting slices cubes put cubes baking sheet hot oven minutes turn shake cubes times sure brown evenly cooked cereals smooth creamy cereals cooked starch granules absorb water liquid granules expand swell prevent lumps need sure granules swell evenly granules stick clumps dry uncooked inside basic cooking method stir dry cereal slowly rapidly boiling water stirring bubbles boiling water help granules separate begun swell
meals don happen plan planned meal ate night parent brother sister friend dealt questions serve meal nutritious special dietary needs weight control consider meal look attractive textures flavors foods meal cost cook foods need prepare meal equipment need haven thought questions plan meals family friends questions answer planning nutritious tasty meals skill develop practice food preparation easier plan meals nutritious provide variety color texture flavor budget prepared equipment kitchen sit plan meals trouble coming ideas want special idea maybe bored thing want try cookbooks help looking ideas
families routines washing dishes dishwasher obviously makes job easier sure follow manufacturer directions family dishwasher dishes washed hand asked help chore information help wash dishes overload dishpan chance break begin washing glasses wash flatware plates miscellaneous items pots pans dishwater grimy cool throw start fresh water rinse dishes hot water wash energy conscious wash dishes rinse differ drying methods let dishes air dry prefer dry flatware glasses towel prevent water spotting dry dishes towel method fine towel clean dirty towel breeding ground bacteria grow multiply kinds dishes require special attention don plunge ice cold glasses hot water end dishpan full broken glass don stack glasses break chip forget stacked glasses stuck place bottom warm water
solve problems feeding today future knowledge technology exist reasonable expect resources support unlimited population growth expanding production food fullest costly terms money resources instance millions acres wilderness need turned organized food production affect ecological balance vast areas land endanger animals plants live wilderness areas endangered species increasing pesticides chemical fertilizers indefinitely create pollution problems farmers small farms consolidate farms displace small farmers create social problems rural areas industrial revolution english philosopher thomas malthus predicted population soon outgrow food supply things happened increase food supply malthus imagined latest green revolution introduction high yield varieties seed fact remains food increase makes increased population size larger population capable increasing food supply addition land houses cities required increasing numbers united states farmland transformed housing roads industrial parks needed expanding population
spring passed summer freddie leaf grown large mid section wide strong extensions firm pointed appeared spring small sprout large branch top tall tree freddie surrounded hundreds leaves soon discovered leaves alike tree alfred leaf ben leaf side clare lovely leaf overhead grown learned dance spring breezes bask lazily summer sun wash cooling rains daniel freddie friend largest leaf limb appeared freddie daniel wisest daniel told part tree daniel explained growing public park daniel told tree strong roots hidden ground explained birds sit branch sing morning songs explained sun moon stars seasons freddie loved leaf loved branch light leafy friends place high sky wind jostled sun rays warmed moon covered soft white shadows
tree fact park transformed blaze color green leaf left alfred turned deep yellow ben bright orange clare blazing red daniel deep purple freddie red gold blue beautiful looked freddie friends tree rainbow turn colors freddie asked tree experiences faced sun differently cast shade differently colors daniel matter factly daniel told freddie wonderful season called fall strange thing happened breezes past dance began push pull stems angry caused leaves torn branches swept wind tossed dropped softly ground leaves frightened happening asked whispers happens fall daniel told leaves change home call die die freddie asked yes daniel answered dies matter big small weak strong job experience sun moon wind rain
tree die freddie asked someday stronger tree lasts forever part die knows sure mystery return spring reason freddie continued question fall die daniel answered matter fact sun moon happy times shade children colors fall seasons afternoon golden light dusk daniel let fell effortlessly smile peacefully fell goodbye freddie freddie leaf left branch snow fell morning soft white gentle bitter cold sun short freddie found losing color brittle constantly cold snow weighed heavily dawn wind took freddie branch didn hurt felt float quietly gently softly downward fell saw tree
science study organisms scientific methods organism complete living thing examples organisms include dog rose bush earthworm apple tree guppy mold grows bread person organism scientific methods ways scientists solving problems science problem question scientist seeks answer plants produce plants seeds heart pump blood examples problems studied scientists insect pests controlled drugs affect body experience motion sickness technology scientific knowledge practical knowing plants produce offspring led development dwarf fruit trees scientists learn human heart develop artificial hearts transplants dwarf fruit trees artificial hearts products technology medicines vitamins laboratories methods preserving food products technology scientists scientific methods solve problems methods series problem solving steps list shows steps solve problem science identify problem problem solved question answered collect information problem facts ideas obtained books journals scientists
body millions cells cell basic unit structure function organism cells bricks building cells basic building blocks organisms activities place inside cells cells tiny seen microscope robert hooke english scientist person cells simple microscope cells thin piece cork cork comes plant cork hook saw tiny boxlike holes hole surrounded wall cells hooke saw dead remains cells alive organism cells cell comes cell idea called cell theory observations support cell theory microscopes observed times organisms consist cells repeated observations support cell theory observed cells divide form cells cell organism produced cell cells alike ways cells body cells rose puppy tree mushroom parts common cells cell membrane cytoplasm material controls cell cell membrane thin layer surrounds holds parts cell proteins fats cell membrane controls movement material cell
growing walking running swimming flying thinking activities require energy activity requires energy respiration process cells food oxygen obtain energy continuous supply energy cell die cells obtain energy aerobic respiration aerobic means oxygen aerobic respiration chemical change food glucose broken help oxygen reaction water carbon dioxide produced energy released reaction equation shows change kinds cells release energy organic compounds anaerobic respiration anaerobic means oxygen anaerobic respiration energy released chemical change occurs cytoplasm oxygen yeast cells convert sugar alcohol anaerobic respiration vinegar produced anaerobic respiration kind bacteria energy released cases strenuous exercise muscle cells lack oxygen energy released anaerobic respiration aerobic respiration dependent mitochondria mitochondria cell cytoplasm enzymes needed respiration muscle cell thousand mitochondria systems feedback regulate metabolism organism systems feedback thermostat controls temperature room room cold thermostat turns heater room warm thermostat turns heater feedback switch turns streetlights night daybreak
mushrooms bracket fungi examples club fungi club fungi fungi produce spores club shaped structures club fungi parasites damage crops important saprophytes decompose organic matter club fungi eat extremely poisonous mushrooms large club fungi known shape grow orchards fields forests moisture organic matter mushroom consists hyphae hyphae grow spread soil decaying logs tree stumps enzymes released hyphae digest organic matter digested material absorbed hyphae food visible part mushroom mass hyphae sexual reproduction cap top thick stalk called stipe mushrooms platelike gills underside cap gills consist hyphae fused extend stipe spokes wheel thousands spores produced gills fall carried air currents land favorable environment develop hyphae form mushrooms manage survive species mushroom edible mushrooms poisonous eat wild mushrooms safe fungi similar mushrooms reproductive part round pear shaped spores produced inside
plants respond stimuli environment stimulus environment response organism touch leaves sensitive plant fold touch stimulus folding leaves response venus flytrap catches insects folding leaves folding leaves plants caused drop pressure inside cells due sudden loss water action car sagging ground tire punctured important stimulus light geranium growing sunlight coming window response stimulus gravity water stimuli affect growth roots roots grow response gravity grow water plant vines wrap poles objects serve stimuli winding growth pattern plants prayer plant respond darkness nightfall curling leaves unlike animals plants respond slowly stimuli environment kinds seed plants produce flowers times plants flowering depends amount daylight flowering response plant number daylight hours called photoperiodism species plants short plants produce flowers hours daylight short plants soybeans poinsettias violets
nitrogen important growth development plants animals nitrogen plentiful gas air plants animals nitrogen air nitrogen removed air kinds bacteria nitrogen removed air combined oxygen form compounds soil plants nitrogen compounds soil animals nitrogen compounds eat plants nitrogen compounds returned soil plants animals decay bacteria soil break nitrogen compounds return nitrogen air processes part nitrogen cycle plants living organisms need substances nitrogen live substances part natural cycles carbon dioxide oxygen important gases organisms need part carbon dioxide oxygen cycle percent air carbon dioxide percent air oxygen animals plants oxygen give carbon dioxide respire plants remove carbon dioxide air add oxygen photosynthesis percent oxygen air comes algae live oceans burning fuels forest fires eruptions volcanoes remove oxygen air add carbon dioxide ongoing exchange oxygen carbon dioxide air carbon dioxide oxygen cycle organisms need water part water cycle oceans lakes streams part water cycle water evaporates surfaces
complex invertebrates bodies complex simpler organisms coelenterates worms examples complex invertebrates snail octopus crayfish grasshopper spider complex greater number kinds cells organized tissues body tissues organized organs systems special functions specialized systems oxygen circulate materials excrete wastes produce offspring nervous system regulates body functions detects stimuli environment insects arthropods muscle systems enable organism move symmetry means similarity likeness parts look hands note symmetry fingers hand fingers object bilateral symmetry divided lengthwise sides left side side alike look mirror face bilateral symmetry half left half animals bilateral symmetry lengthwise line anterior posterior ends animal bilateral symmetry divides roughly equal parts examples bilateral symmetry bodies dog cat butterfly crab spider parakeet worm radial symmetry arrangement similar parts central axis bicycle wheel merry round examples radial symmetry coelenterates animals radial symmetry body structures form circle axis center
animals live part lives water part land belong amphibia class phylum chordata amphibians moist skin scales fish cold blooded amphibians chambered hearts salamanders toads amphibians live moist regions fresh water damp places toads live desert regions mexican burrowing toad southwestern united states toads stay underground burrows hot active night frogs amphibians adult frogs live land breathe air mate lay eggs water fertilization eggs body tadpoles grow frog eggs live water tadpole looks fish tail swimming fish tadpoles gills oxygen water tadpole ages loses gills tail absorbed body animal matures land living adult frog frogs toads similar appearance frogs smooth skin toads warty skin head frog toad attached trunk animal body frogs toads necks tails front legs small hind legs strong salamander head connected body neck body shaped cylinder tail attached tail rounded adult salamanders land dwellers flattened species swim water think skin snake feel wet slimy
seen drawings body parts remember drawn represent typical person body differ drawings real bodies human distinct unique individual human bodies alike composed cells cell basic unit structure function cells grouped tissues bricks brick wall cells tissue similar structure function tissue group similar cells perform specific function kind cell makes tissue lining digestive tract cells lining tissue chemicals digest food lining tissue protects inside digestive tract kinds cells functions muscle cells contract red blood cells carry oxygen cells skin provide protection tissues skin organs tissues organ group tissues working perform special function tissues blood nerve tissues organ muscle tissue group tissues organ heart lungs stomach brain examples organs human body organs form body systems system group organs perform functions
digestion involves chemical physical processes nutrients changed insoluble soluble forms soluble means nutrient dissolves water soluble nutrients absorbed blood diffuse body cells starch protein fat insoluble body nutrients digested digestion occurs body system digestive tract organs aid digestion digestive tract tube food passes includes mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum anus liver pancreas organs aid digestion organs part digestive tract rhythmic movements muscular walls digestive tract push food wall digestive tract directly front mass food relaxes tract widen wall food contracts pushes food forward push push food moved digestive tract end roughage helps stimulate muscles digestive tract digestion occurs action enzymes water enzyme protein molecule produced living organism rate chemical change chemical change enzyme changed specific enzymes digest specific kinds nutrients nutrient digested enzymes combined water water molecules break bonds atoms large nutrient molecules
medical scientists search ways cure diseases drugs chemicals extractions microbes plants animals prepared laboratories thousands chemicals tested laboratory animals cancer drug proves effective cancer animal tested humans tests group cancer drug experimental group test includes control group cancer receive drug resulting health experimental group received drug compared health control group harmful reactions recorded experimental drug effective treating disease approved food drug administration fda approval means drug general practice physicians government approval safety drug helps prevent harmed drugs tested area medical research development vaccines scientists trying develop vaccines common cold flu aids herpes vaccination diseases allow gain immunity main problem developing vaccine common cold flu viruses illnesses aids virus presents kind problem proteins virus change frequently
suzette smith pharmacist large city hospital job involves reading interpreting physician orders medicines prepares drugs medicinal compounds according specific regulations dispenses medicines correct floor area hospital working hospital pharmacy working retail pharmacy retail pharmacy pharmacist works directly patients assuring things patients understand prescribed instructions hospital pharmacist works hospital staff licensing requirements pharmacists differ slightly college needed earn degree pharmacy pharmacy schools require chemistry economics accounting science math physics admission taking courses requires university students apply entrance pharmacy school spend taking pharmacy courses graduation students examination board pharmacy licensed ms smith recommends pharmacy students pharmacy attending school states require hours experience students apply pharmacy license computers prepare medicines fact modern technology rapidly changing field pharmacy ms smith feels pharmaceutical career offers wide range career opportunities future banks vitamin company job correct materials company products company goals quality maintained
food chains food webs exist communities organisms need energy food stored energy organisms carry activities energy organisms comes originally sun sun energy stored food producers photosynthesis consumer eats producer energy passed consumer energy passed food chain consumer eats flow energy food chain shown energy pyramid energy pyramid divided levels represent producers consumers producers form base energy pyramid consumers upper levels decomposers shown top energy pyramid energy food level pyramid energy level energy passed organism lost energy activities lost body heat acorns mice owls food chain acorns oak trees form base energy pyramid oak trees produce acorns provide food energy mice mice form level pyramid ten percent energy acorns passed mice rest acorns activities owls form level pyramid
wildlife refers wild animal plant recent wildlife populations decreasing largely due environment cleared forests plowed grasslands drained swamps dammed streams polluted air practices destroy habitats wildlife unwise hunting practices reduced wildlife populations small numbers species living species endangered extinct living members protected extinction occurs longer living members species dinosaurs extinct organisms wild whooping cranes living loss habitat main reason decreasing population efforts begun preserve whooping cranes habitat measures successful whooping crane endangered species avoid extinction wildlife conserved preserving habitat wildlife aids conservation wildlife refuges areas wildlife habitats protected refuges hunting allowed hunting carefully restricted wildlife refuges owned managed governments special efforts provide water protective cover breeding areas winter feeding refuge helps assure wild animals survive reproduce planting forests shelter food wildlife wildlife conservation practice set permanent wilderness areas camp hike areas roads motor vehicles power lines allowed aim preserve wilderness present future generations enjoy
food means things starving food means survival proud cultural heritage food preserve heritage members religious groups eat foods symbolic meaning associate food happy occasions eating important social activity regardless meaning food individual food important food important needed sustain search food means produce began centuries ago continue exists food eaten raw early peoples learn fire cooking accident found cooked food tasted easier digest trial error learned control fire cooking eventually early peoples found protect secure food easily living groups formed tribes began hunt food hunters herdsmen discovered animals captured domesticated discovered seeds planted produce large amounts food important discoveries domestication animals agriculture food supply dependable food obtained easily spend hunting growing food able learn craft merchants
mechanical phase digestion begins mouth continues digestive tract mouth food chewed broken smaller pieces rest digestive tract mechanical action carried muscle fibers circular muscle fibers contract squeeze food particles causing mix break smaller pieces longitudinal fibers contract push food digestive tract longitudinal circular fibers produce wavelike movement called peristalsis peristalsis process food pushed digestive tract peristalsis affected emotions sadness depression fear inhibit gastric movement anger aggression increase gastric movement chemical components parts food eat broken enzymes digestive enzymes produced glands organs gastrointestinal system help break carbohydrates proteins fats simple substances absorbed body type enzyme specific function enzyme breaks proteins break fats digestion begins mouth food chewed broken small pieces pieces mixed enzyme saliva mucus produced mouth enables food swallowed helps food particles move esophagus stomach stomach food broken gastric juices gastric juices hydrochloric acid enzymes
underweight problem overweight underweight weight normal person height body build caused eating food meet body needs caused inability utilize food properly food eaten slightly underweight want maintain weight appearance job jockeys fashion models slightly underweight eating exercising combination help maintain weights underweight poor health poor food habits stressful environments chronically underweight suffer infections tire easily feel cold temperature moderate embarrassed wear figure revealing clothes trying diet designed weight gain underweight person physician physician find medical problems prevent body food receives physician able help underweight person cope emotional problems causing person inability eat food physician recommend professional person help kg pound weight requires extra kj calories order gain kg pounds week consume kilojoules calories week roughly kj calories
receive satisfaction small equipment select tools wisely follow manufacturer directions care store convenient location liquid measures glass plastic pouring lips clearly marked measurements ml ml sizes conventional liquid measures cup cup cup dry measures metal plastic ml ml ml sizes conventional dry measures cup cup cup cup small measures metal plastic ml ml ml ml ml sizes conventional measures teaspoon teaspoon teaspoon tablespoon types kitchen shears kitchen shears food preparation tasks shears snip herbs trim vegetables cut meat dough cookies pizza poultry shears heavier sharper ordinary kitchen shears cut fowl fish bones tongs metal helpful turning meats fried foods handling foods corn cob hard cooked eggs baked potatoes forks heavy duty metal transfer heavy meats poultry roasting pan platter turn heavy foods ladles round cups attached handles sizes purposes ladles dipping pouring
tablecloth extend number centimetres inches side table rectangular square place mats flush edge table cm inches table edge round oval scalloped wedge shaped mats partially flush table edge style mat help determine pleasing arrangement runners center table sides table parallel perimeter table napkins folded ways traditionally rectangle preferred shape square sided fold monogrammed napkins shapes dining situations napkin left forks service plate dinner plate centerpiece center table small arrangements diagonally corners table large centerpiece side buffet table wall pieces dinnerware table depend menu style service place dinner plate service plate center cover cm inch edge table service plate larger size dinner plate formal service pieces dinnerware courses precede main course top service plate
cheese milk milk cows goats sheep reindeer animals simple terms milk coagulated curd solid part separated liquid part hundreds cheeses kinds milk making basic steps production cheeses pictured cheeses classified main groups ripened cheeses prepared marketing soon removed allowed ripen age cottage cheese cream cheese farmer cheese cheese examples cheeses mild flavor highly perishable refrigerated short controlled amounts bacteria mold yeast enzymes ripened cheeses ripening cheese stored specific temperature develop texture flavor cheeses softer tender hard crumbly develop distinctive flavor ripened cheeses require storage develop flavor process called aging cheese aged weeks depending kind varieties ripened cheeses produced soft romano hard flavors range mild strong shapes sizes vary cheese round rectangular cylindrical weigh grams ounces kilograms pounds
foods frozen baked pastry cookies breads cakes freeze wrap carefully moisture vapor proof wrapping freeze frosted cakes place cake uncovered freezer set frosting wrap tightly freeze frosting stick wrapping casseroles stews frozen baking dishes save space line casserole foil fill food wrap freeze frozen remove food casserole dish label return freezer casserole dish things sure label prepared foods product date freeze promptly recommended period foods freeze include lettuce salad greens custards gelatin products meringues sour cream sandwiches salad dressing mayonnaise hard cooked egg white foods stored longer periods beef fruits turkeys cookies stored unbaked fruit pies vegetables stored months yeast breads months frozen foods vegetables cooked thawing fruits thawed original covered container prevent enzymatic browning discoloration caused exposure air fruits flavor served ice crystals remaining meats poultry fish cooked frozen thawed cooking frozen food takes longer cooking fresh thawed foods
meat poultry fish eggs high protein foods form basis diets commonly remembered part meal ask classmates ate dinner night remember steak remember peas tossed salad ice cream protein foods rank high list liked foods united states broiled steak roast turkey fried chicken common favorite foods carrots apples cheese rye bread meat important costly food menus enjoy kinds meat favorites meat course chosen planning menus meat prepare tender flavorful attractive meat eaten country cooked cook meat destroy harmful bacteria present raw meat cook meat improve flavor easier digest cook meats tender learned chapter meat consists muscle tissue connective tissue fat bone muscle tissue consists fibers held connective tissue connective tissue proteins collagen tough elastic softened cooking collagen tough elastic softened tenderized cooking meat cuts collagen meat cuts
baked custards greater proportion eggs milk soft custards baked oven pan warm water extra eggs lack stirring result product hold shape removed baking dish pan warm water helps prevent custard overheating result leakage liquid gel custard visible bubbles leakage test baked custard insert tip knife center knife clean custard baked recipe baked custard soft custard served dessert sauce base desserts english trifle baked custard served plain topping caramel fruit toasted coconut bread pudding pouring custard bread cubes baking casserole combination foods baked single dish casseroles quick easy prepare called dish meals simple salad dessert accompaniments needed casseroles freeze prepared ahead emergency meals casseroles economical main dish serving crowd casseroles combination protein food vegetable starch noodles rice sauce topping crumbs cheese chopped nuts
trim bruised inedible portions greens remove core iceberg lettuce strike bottom head sharply counter remove core fingers wash greens carefully remove soil pesticide residues present drain small amount water clings leaves stems help crisp greens refrigeration greens wrapped loosely plastic film damp cloth stored vegetable keeper prevent nutrient losses clean salad greens advance carefully prepared greens stored hours refrigerator crisp ready serve retain important vitamins minerals greens served bite sized pieces cut greens tear cutting salad greens knife fresh vegetables fruits carefully washed drained citrus fruits sectioned canned products drained canned peaches pears served large pieces cut easily fork fruits vegetables cut eating sized pieces size shape pieces vary tomatoes cut wedges carrots sliced shredded pieces foods cut finely form paste mixed dressing meats poultry diced fish flaked fork
party giver responsibilities guests guests arrive sure house picked clean guest wants fall toy left middle room put fresh bars soap clean towels bathroom sure specific place guests coats guests special dietary needs sure food drink meet needs low calorie soft drinks vegetable tray appreciated guests low cholesterol reducing diets guests begin arrive introductions introduce adults giving full names introduce younger person older person giving older person try include interesting person conversation starter say mary lewis meet jack johnson jack worked camp counselor summer planned activity helps games music dancing ways break ice try participate party circulate guest guest spending evening close friends guests feel welcome guest responsibilities begin invitation answer invitation soon sure repeat date avoid misunderstanding
gumbo soup stew meats poultry seafood vegetables gumbo unique classified soup stew file thickens mixture characteristic flavor file added gumbo removed heat overheating file stringy family gumbo recipe handed generation generation traditional creole dish derived spanish shellfish poultry sausage simmered spicy tomato sauce served rice gumbo seasoned hot pepper sauce gumbo red beans rice main dish red beans simmered small amount meat economical main dishes leftovers creole specialties include cafe au cafe puffy french doughnuts served hot dusting powdered sugar small cafes scattered orleans strong coffee flavored chicory served cafe au beverage strong coffee hot milk cafe strong coffee flavored spices sugar citrus peel brandy flamed sold candy shops south sweet rich candy sugar cream pecans part united states call midwest developed pioneers pushed westward mississippi river
theodore elephant sitting middle forest hurt leg pity today theodore going meet cousin end forest theodore says cousin end forest middle forest bad leg walk theodore says ask friends advice friends comes theodore friend bird sitting middle forest asks bird bad leg walk meet cousin end forest says theodore bad leg fly end forest says bird theodore nice give advice says theodore bird friends says bird comes theodore friend monkey sitting middle forest asks monkey bad leg walk fly meet cousin end forest says theodore bad leg says monkey swing tail trees says theodore weak tail strong trunk theodore grabs branch tree trunk
kinds animals homes special place york city place zoo animals real sculptures school children age set animal sculptures gift gift children earth visit touch animals person brought idea sculptor greg wyatt large sculpture stands park sculpture tells greg wyatt hope peace wyatt wanted sculpture contest notices art teachers sculpture real pretend animal animal stand freedom entire sculpture bigger inches centimeters tall inches centimeters wide children animals clay wood plaster children sculptures contest surely wyatt didn think part sculptures picked contest ring wyatt large sculpture children clay animals clay animal begin ball clay ball clay fit hand form end looks egg head pull end clay ball form body
sheldon hurried mother hospital early evening darkness michigan november tiredness felt radiate directions imagined fatigue huge antenna surrounded keenly aware happening sounds waves lake michigan instance beat nearby shore felt hear single wave knew force churned lake simply wind visualized huge hand hovering waters stirring swirling waves fingers felt sharp wind whip thin body skin hands face grew tight taut coverings thickening ice spreading occasional puddles passing distance drone foghorn freezing mother bending wind glad coat today hunched shoulders inside billowing garment ugly coat thought drab dull woman coat nearly flapped top sudden gusts cold air neighbor longer needed lots giving clothing lately couldn idea wished brothers thought shabby outfits
turned opened ward door caught breath hugged close inside lungs help cushion pain knew tear throat inside father lay flat bed skin paler white sheets lying quietly tonight breathing lightly tubes running body hidden beneath blanket ward strong aroma alcohol mrs sheldon hurried pull white drapes hid bed bed sheldon empty mrs sheldon pulled drape anyway corner private walls painted pale yellow large potted plant mrs sheldon watered drinking glass spoke husband re joseph father sickness mother joseph simply called joe think looks tonight mrs sheldon saying dragged chair nearer bed don think looks color took coat yes yes crossed chair curtain sat looked father foot bed sat marveled motionless fragile thin pale huge loud powerful
answer voice tight forced narrow walls answer asks garden think answer dropped hand amazed mother truly understand guess momma whispered silly guess course mother caught deep breath didn speak grew colder walked faster hill felt question run body truly understand queer bargains mind dumb things crazy things told sandra afraid friend understand caught things sure actions brought results believed put unusual things mind believed things happen balancing events invisible teeter totter inside head thing return wanted stepping grass instance feel positive efforts find quarter
don worry kid sandra crossed arms leaned building wait anyway willed gloom grime stepped inside door darkness swooped smell dirt decay feel hopelessness peterson moving frowning sighing mother eyes getting accustomed darkness saw heaps canvases waiting repairs peering thick glasses didn recognize dark darned bulbs burned anymore going dogs body raised voice girl wants talk heard whir sewing machine suddenly stop quietly peterson mother voice darkness mrs sheldon sat huge machine corner workshop hunched large canvas windows ceiling light flickered fitfully small table light sat sewing area mrs sheldon worker machines covered dust cobwebs school mrs sheldon jumped feet terror voice pierced gloom light small lamp caught face
funny christ cross sandra church cross bare turned funny thought face christ looked dad gosh sandra walked steps silence cleared throat sandra remember gramma remember prayed war ending think god heard prayers guess hears prayers preacher says separate prayers crazy mean prayer gramma crazy war sandra crazy pray war difference prayers crazy mother wasn prayer grabbed sandra arm hear pleading voice willed anyway didn worry heard sandra footsteps grew louder walked faster stupid shouldn listened religion prayers father drunk town knows shouldn talking dumb family thinking prayers felt candle burning
stumbled mother didn turn staring straight ahead walking arms tight sides speaking barely whisper think things crazy mind love love exactly crazy things maybe wish kinds things paused blurted heels clicked pavement talk garden father think thinking tonight sitting thinking maybe things grow garden re vegetables solid dull daddy re flowers frivolous grand beautiful child want full garden need kinds things need kinds full stared mother incredible unimaginative mother thought thing momma vegetable mrs sheldon laughed radish maybe big fat turnip momma mrs sheldon maybe stalk celery don thinking dad re special things beautiful
pressed hot forehead cold windowpane snow free course snowman growing yard wasn growing fast boys small wasn strong arthur taking rest wrestling snow brandy woman alan piling handfuls snow matter hard tried knew able snowman grand dad smile thinking amazing creatures sprung lawn winter pictures found photo album mother bed sat green spread turned pages seventeen snowmen parents marriage later saw fast twins grow photographed proudly standing snowman laughed early pictures baby propped snowman shovel wondered mother comments heavens joe re worse kids mess tramping kitchen covered snow winter re supposed grown re going vegetable strainer hat snowman
boys stared snowman button eyes fallen bit looked thought snowman looked crying wished run fast outrace thoughts stomach churning mouth dry peculiar ringing ears brothers alan staring snowman arthur tromping steps stay calm stay sakes dumb snowman arthur okay melts alan told winter getting started lots trudged sidewalk mist hey hey kids mrs lewis standing front porch waving don cookies refuse alan arthur darted ahead waved hurried mercy mrs lewis herded inside coats feel wet soggy put wet coats arthur declared listening radio stop wet coats alan added mrs lewis raised eyebrow glanced questioningly momma needs sleep home hospital slept looked floor squeezed fists thinking walk feel
miss sitting desk floor looked amazement wet breathless excited rushing corridor dad panting matter father miss talk honey unconscious matter minute tell miss bit lip stared water dripping umbrella won hear dear won re saying yes nodding minute want minute teetered excitement feel heat body radiate directions woman reached hold wet things ahead dear ahead opened door hurried ward tiptoed white curtain father lying flat bed motionless pale moved nearer side stared love swallow quickly inside marvelous thought lucky father remember things taught
book focuses interrelationship level health live read book gain understanding importance health factors control influence health hopefully apply learn health taking active role caring begin defining terms health health education health total physical mental social freedom sickness ailments health education providing health information influences positive action health health concerns health dynamic meaning changing experience levels health personal level health affects look feel act affects attitudes performance affects successful relationships evaluate health basis ability carry daily routine describe health associate sickness health thinking sick healthy reason tend think health terms physical illness physical side person easiest aspect health check
pulled torn muscle severe pain require cease activity pulled torn muscle large muscle separated torn point attachment result damage blood vessels supply nourishment muscle medical care cold packs put muscle area muscle injuries lack warm overexertion unprepared muscle major pulled torn muscle muscle occur muscle contracts tightly relax bundle muscles fibers contracting relaxed muscle cramp occurs fibers contracting caused temporary lack food oxygen muscle cramping occurs result person losing large amounts salt water perspiration tired overworked muscles cramp muscles cramp strenuous exercise massaging muscle area firm pressure help cramp moving muscle continuing lightly help relieve cramp heat help muscle relax help prevent warming properly drinking fluids exercise especially dangerous occur swimming drown able relieve severe cramp situation important point remember remain calm relaxed
julie tenth grader spends afternoons week teaching sign language deaf children julie lost hearing young child let slow julie sign language read lips julie thousands deaf disorders ear result loss hearing affect sense balance birth defects injuries diseases hearing loss learning affect hearing let learn complicated process hearing takes place ear extends deep skull main parts outer ear middle ear ear outer ear consists fleshy curved part attached side head called auricle composed fatty tissue cartilage cuplike shape auricle collects sound waves directs ear looking directly ear external auditory canal passageway inch cm outer part lined fine hairs tiny wax producing glands wax tiny hairs protect ear keeping foreign substances thirds auditory canal surrounded temporal bone hardest bone body auditory canal leads eardrum thin sheet tissue inch cm separates middle ear outer ear
carbohydrates starches sugars mainly plant food give body energy needs carbohydrates considered fattening foods avoids dieting case starchy foods potatoes breads pasta called complex carbohydrates ounce ounce number calories proteins fewer calories fats true ounce potato calories ounce steak calories steak fat protein fat calorie laden nutrient complex carbohydrates essential health actually helpful dieter addition source energy complex carbohydrates give full satisfied feeling longer digest add fiber diet nutrients contrast simple carbohydrates sugars provide energy higher calories leave dieter feeling hungry carbohydrates chemical compounds carbon hydrogen oxygen carbohydrates broken simple chemicals liver converts chemicals glycogen starch stored cells body needs energy breakdown carbohydrates produces blood sugar called glucose glucose circulates body providing ready source fuel cells eat large amounts carbohydrates physical activity energy stored body fat
society obsessed thinness quick easy weight loss average high fashion female model feet inches tall weighs pounds think model presents accurate picture beauty typical female figure course compare type model rarely compare favorably obsession thinness psychological pressures problems main anorexia nervosa anorexia means appetite nervosa means nervous origin female predominately adolescent young adult eating disorder found males anorexia nervosa behavior involving irrational fear overweight results severe weight loss starvation anorexia nervosa psychological disorder physiological relates directly individual concept coping abilities pressures high expectations need achieve need attention lead development disorder type eating disorder bulimia episodic pattern binge eating involves rapid consumption large quantity food short period induced vomiting laxative abuse severely restrictive diets employed episode restore sense control relieve panic possibility weight gain desire thin attractive physically perfect overwhelming vomiting daily activity consuming preference
increasing concern interest country nonsmoker affected smoke cigarettes pipes cigars smoke smoke inhaled nonsmokers harmful ingredients smoke inhaled smoker smoke burning cigarette filtered tobacco inhaling nicotine tar times carbon monoxide exists inhaled smoke smoke filled room levels carbon monoxide pollutants high occur air pollution emergency nonsmoker inhale nicotine carbon monoxide hour effect smoked cigarette smoke eye irritation headaches coughing lengthy exposure conditions result kinds health problems smoker experience smoke considerate ask enclosed area mind smoking avoid smoking small poorly ventilated areas presence small children lung heart problems nonsmoker express prefer smoke protecting air breathe find clothes hair smell smoke smokers length allergic smoke speak let
tough membrane adheres tightly outer surface bone living membrane richly supplied blood vessels branch bone points vital nourishing bones producing bone cells bone forming cells called important bone growth repair bones narrow thinner area called shaft joint ends length shaft narrow space called medullary canal linked tough connective tissue filled yellow bone marrow yellow bone marrow blood vessels cells form white corpuscles main function yellow bone marrow store fat yellow bone marrow yellow color fat cells stores order grow harden repair bones adequate supply minerals especially calcium phosphorus bones store body supply minerals calcium phosphorus daily diet body deposits bones mineral deficiency diet body takes mineral supply bones provide minerals blood muscles nerves creates weakening skeleton increases chances bone fractures point bones meet called joint joints allow movement body framework
blood body transportation system carrying oxygen food cells body healthy circulatory system body function term cardiovascular system refers entire circulatory system includes heart blood vessels blood heart body pump important organ body started beating born beating minute heart beats times minute average lifetime heart beats billion times course heart beats times pumping gallons blood normal activity heart pumps quarts blood minute exercise pump quarts minute heart pear shaped muscular organ size fist weighs pound lies center chest lungs breastbone sternum heart enclosed loose fitting sac called pericardium pericardium consists layers layer thin watery membrane closely covers heart surface layer fibrous attached diaphragm sternum spinal column large blood vessels enter leave heart protective outer layer heart called adheres heart wall makes layers heart
kidneys act type filter removing waste products blood maintain correct proportion water substances blood blood enters kidneys renal artery inside kidney renal artery splits network million units called nephrons filters kidneys forms twisted knot small blood vessels called glomerulus surrounded special capsule thin porous tissue called capsule section blood vessel leading glomerulus larger section leading pressure built blood flows pressure substances blood pass solution form tissue glomerulus capsule capsule solution passes tubule small tube intertwined network blood vessels leading glomerulus substances solution body needs reabsorbed blood remainder solution urine continues tubule bladder urine liquid waste material collects bladder ready passed body kidney complicated organ connected organs infected diseased common kidney problems bacteria infect kidneys bacteria bladder infection pain lower part abdomen
promote care health purchase products services consumer product service obviously consumers consider products buy affect health realize health consumer consumer health concerned helping select products services wisely letting cheated need help major benefits wise health consumer wise health consumer saves money increases satisfaction able purchases amount money preparation collect information compare products services pays run wise health consumer protects health wise consumer swayed buying health products worthless harmful wise consumer knows seek medical help delay recognition treatment early symptoms important consumer skill wise health consumer builds confidence speak rights sold defective product service protect future deception action progress protecting consumers resulted afraid speak cheated
insurance policies difficult read understand consumers sure exactly insurance covers surprise discover insurance policy covers small portion medical bill plans provide minimal coverage hospital coverage likely limited number days plans comprehensive include dentist bills drugs psychiatric counseling consumer important point remember treat health insurance purchase consumer skills read carefully signing agreement ask questions understand compare companies prices coverage types health care outlets developed outlets designed meet needs covered health care supports receive service centers money qualify government medical benefits purchase private health insurance chief outlets adolescent health centers centers located large cities designed specifically deal problems relating adolescence clinics address adolescents physical mental social health practitioners part specialize adolescent medicine holistic health centers centers look health terms total person put wellness plan individual improve personal health
caught fire acting quickly remaining calm save fire starts frying pan put lid fire starts oven turn oven smother fire salt put water grease fire grease spread clothes catch fire roll ground roll rug blanket smothers flames remain upright run flames spread fire deaths result smoke inhalation burns research inhaling toxic fumes kills able oxygen chemical products combustion combine quickly oxygen preventing smoke inhalation victims extracting oxygen air oxygen toxic chemicals separate chemicals contact molecule combine combine oxygen released putting wet towel face idea toxic chemicals react water giving freed oxygen fatal home fires occur night easy disoriented detect smoke fire protection injury death home fires establish escape plans periodically conduct practice drills steps essential escape plans turn bedroom lights predetermined signal alert fire
easier projects individual resources stamina limited joining organization promotes support problems interest concern knowing environmental problems dealing important scientists researching environmental questions covered material sources information libraries government agencies industry trade associations foundations provide information assistance environmental concerns issues side aware sides issue define conservation list things personally conserve energy laws acts enacted promote environmental quality describe story environment story pollution crisis problems bright spots existed problems awareness environmental decision maker commitment didn care today politicians keenly aware environmental issues districts reelected defeated depending stand issues public aware longer messages environment negative full problems dramatic wonderful accomplishments occurred demonstrate happen individuals interest involved decades learned power business community directed save environment
blacksmith stood door shop sniffed breeze hopefully air doubt satisfaction going happen fixed tobacco lit contentedly sorting mind number possibilities baker daughter millie love parson winter refused notice throw church roof interesting alf son fred jailed stealing cow maybe try escape wasn barn catch fire burned ground blacksmith scanned skies signs storm lightning starting fires sky clear leaned door frame thought fire ago exactly nodded counting fires happened rich fellow midas goody fell horse killed hoo called voice blacksmith peered street cloud pipe smoke saw big heavy woman dressed black hurrying morning henry breathlessly standing let inside
important understand hercules believe hero mythological hercules named heroes larger muscular brave lions picture hercules tall thin stringy courage lion kind hercules son hatter descendant line reminded similarities things happened things happened hercules stories sure hercules resented didn want hercules spite fact mother hope heart hero son true didn want hatter spite fact father hope heart hatter son birth family automatically gave passion trade hercules wished true wish stayed home difficult wish realize trained course hatter father trained luck turned
looked looked quickly don changed subject adroitly wish tell cat skin cat skin satchel saw morning hercules afraid meant easy explain sounds silly want hear hercules rubbed nose began speak explanation hurried sentence mother thought maybe greek hero hercules born kill cat crazy scaring decided hercules killing lion wearing skin thought cat skin luck souvenir wanted stopped took deep breath clearly embarrassed don look real hercules critically lot muscles hercules apologetically mother idea couldn give paused reflectively mott stole statue cerberus disappointment leaning forward eagerly stories mott wasn real legend robbing hood
oho blacksmith trip city eh trip mrs tidings shook head suppose regular clockwork goody died blacksmith stroked beard pondered mrs tidings hundred times tired comes packages mrs tidings hundred twist brown paper pondered peculiar blacksmith certainly agreed sister importantly night visitor wrapped cloak scarf wouldn let asked young morning let slip fellow money paused let announcement full impact pleased brother eyes widen turns henry young rich someday aunt going leave think blacksmith sat nail keg whistled explains lot eccentric young lords country sow oats settling inherit gold heard kind thing sly mrs tidings
re going quoting pity sake properly voice abide misquoted hercules mouth dropped open goggled voice question actors alike complained trying improve play sea bucks bee sucks ninny sorry hercules simply believe hearing certainly hearing bee sucks voice farther longer silence hercules sat red badly shaken voice watched face nervously deciding relief wouldn gruff voice suddenly returned midas goody yes hercules forgetting voice thought began hope cross gruff voice inquired cross er ago fell horse hercules feeling eager helpful silence hercules rocked feet squish squish gruff voice firmly hercules voice manner hercules sat forward crossed voice didn cross
silent pulling grass knees hercules re thinking looked reproachfully night didn didn tell hercules sighed didn want say don ask knew father demanded acted queer didn want talk suggested seance seance part didn want tell think hercules told sooner later moment sure tell looked accusing father hercules tell happened won help thought call father talk frowned sat silent voice hercules continued don real father dead color rushed cheeks saying cried told hercules seance prove mean didn believe voice
mrs goody stayed room afternoon resting explained dinner rich dress yellow silk wide lace collar hair piled high head small feather fastened intricate loops curls face pale plucking nervously collar serving meal moved dining room silently hercules remembered silent mother home watched face thought eyes glanced mrs goody sympathetic unlike mrs goody anxious talk love breathlessly fine mama fine start lessons pretty spent nature hercules hastily hoping wouldn think entirely idle birds flowers worked spelling mrs goody nodded sounds beginning silence rained night hercules offered yes rained city mrs goody thunder lightning hercules true rain conversation lagged searched minds say hercules felt press knowledge weighting tongue knew feeling
mouths bed slowly dropping open mean say mrs goody gasped hercules paused midas goody fen mrs goody bought hat hatter fen miles farm lovely true hush don hear listened end hall dull thump mrs goody whispered thump unmistakable sound window opened mrs goody sprang cried quickly think think happening ran room hall hercules ran door bedroom stopped peered climbing open window blue glow dusk black cloak flat black hat face nearly covered winding red scarf hearing jerked head scarf pulled face ye gods startled hello loves home mott gasped hercules shouted joyfully father midas goody mrs goody laughing weeping flung arms
blacksmith jumping mrs tidings rushed street order village turmoil hurry commanding voice called crowd organizing rush poor fred final cry look look smoke hurray bellowed blacksmith hoarse joy barn schedule millie parson fred forgotten instant crowd swung ran mrs tidings blacksmith rest barn dora cried blacksmith sister burning minute pounded mouth hanging open loose gasping grin puffed mrs tidings bouncing leaping road ran billowing black smoke rolled trees hung sky filling air sharp rich smell scorching wood shower sparks shot happened delighted yell rose crowd ran faster slowed faltered halt arrived barn stood calm peaceful intact road curious pig emerged cool interior regarded interest wasn ember sight
goat named gregory gregory liked jump rock rock kick legs air butt head walls average goat gregory gregory average goat gregory terrible eater sat eat mother father knew trouble tin gregory asked mother goat thanks gregory nice box piece rug bottle cap asked father goat baaaaaa gregory unhappily think meal fit goat mother goat chewed shoe certainly father goat ate shirt buttons don re fussy eater gregory fussy gregory want fruits vegetables eggs fish bread butter stuff mother goat stopped eating shoe kind food gregory gregory revolting father goat wiped mouth napkin gregory excused table father goat gregory terrible eater wonder wrong mother goat mother father goat ate evening newspaper silence morning mother father goat enjoying pair pants coat breakfast gregory table morning gregory father mother goat
trouble asked gregory terrible eater mother goat offered shoes boxes magazines tin cans coats pants wants fruits vegetables eggs fish orange juice horrible things say gregory asked dr ram want gregory makes sense dr ram turned mother father goat treated picky eaters develop taste food slowly try giving gregory food eats night dinner mother goat gave gregory spaghetti shoelace tomato sauce bad gregory gave string beans rubber heel cut small pieces meal rubbery gregory mother goat favorite today vegetable soup condition eat okay gregory dessert ice cream father goat eat box yummy gregory proud father goat re beginning eat goat learning gregory evening father goat asked seen striped necktie breakfast mother goat think haven seen sewing basket today left living room supper night father goat turned gregory
forms communication inhabited early civilizations expressed signs symbols later language systems talk language systems developed differently parts today languages include english spanish chinese french fig languages humans exchanging information call communication humans inhabitants exchange messages studies show animals plants communicate deer raise tails danger dolphins famous ability communicate forms plant react natural signals interested technical side communication explore transmit important ideas feelings book focus information changed human technical systems exist aid humans communicating devices help create books newspapers let enjoy radio tv programs computers assist processing important information forms communication technology improve daily lives communication process exchanging information word communication comes latin word com means transmit pass known talking listening easy ways pass information methods communicate sight simple form exchanging messages meaning hear
telegraph electrical pulses transmitted distances system understandable signals required telegraph solution problem introduced samuel morse devised code short sounds clicks fig morse code messages wires spelling word system slower regular talking distance exchange information efficient telegraph large step improving communication technology transmit human voice experimented electricity find problem solution finally appeared late alexander graham bell invented working telephone diaphragm excited moved electric current voice tones transmitted age electronic communication arrived today telephone systems extend voices worldwide automatic microwave transmissions satellites optic fibers send telephone signals globe fig communication system continues play major role modern society printing press allowed visual information stored words symbols pictures recorded later telegraph telephone functioned exchanging electrical impulses record store signals want preserve voices musical tunes invention record messages sought thomas edison developed phonograph record clear signals play later fig
need message friend receive wanted communicated verbal exchanges message misunderstood happen careful planning prevent inaccurate transmissions information think requires accurate communication play football players play fig carry ball individual assignment play ball snapped player run player contribute success play coaches ask play worked failed key questions team hopes succeed bring light essentials accuracy learned earlier chapter communication consider message require increasing amount communication information exchanged machines governments business industrial groups included trend complex laws systems ownership demand improved methods communication errors misunderstandings occur communicate clearly questions addressed accurate communication achieved let examine situation exact communication important suppose job involves ordering materials firm california receive requisition order boss company needs special plastic fasteners
sketches communicate ideas details simple sketches types developed basic drawing called thumbnail sketch sketch simple shapes lines fig lines details added sketch begins look finished product improved thumbnail sketches known refined sketches professional drafters complete refined sketch continuing design artistic seen information numbers shown chart form large amount numbers organized graph chart helps understand important statistics fig graphs especially explaining business trends fig areas land measured distance elevation maps terrain land prepared measurements procedure called cartography map making taking measurements called surveyors fig sketches measurements technical drafters technical drafters draw map land area fig major purpose technical drawings describe dimensional objects dimensions means objects shown flat surface fig addition items require view fully describe features system organizing views known orthographic drawing fig views needed clearly describe object drafter show thickness width height object
standard technical drawings variety instruments machines fig drafting instruments allow individuals create finely detailed drawings commonly instruments square drafting board fig common instruments include triangles engineering scales ruler list important tools fig squares triangles draw straight parallel lines circles curved lines required tools french irregular curves tool drawing lines regular compass drawing circles templates creating curved circular images fig remember technical drawings prepared neatly typical equipment includes pencil sharpener erasers dusting brush sharp pencils permit drafter draw label drawing professional manner fig erasers dusting brushes help maintain clean working surface lettering guides helpful labeling technical drawings lead pencil guidelines constructed square ames lettering guide special templates inking drawing fig lettering guides help lessen problem smeared smudged notes number lettering styles acceptable technical drawings lettering guides flexible allow drafters produce styles examples lettering styles illustrated fig drafting instruments requires instruction instruments difficult require practice freehand sketching important drawing surface smooth flat
sketching simplest form graphic communication sketching piece paper chalkboard computer screen pieces equipment required fig skills needed produce simple sketches basic outlined section generally think line fairly basic object kind line drawn ruler case sketching types lines graphic fig purpose properly avoid confusion guidelines give sketch basic shape lines drawn lightly pencil object lines show visible edges object lines heavy thick hidden lines show edges parts object visible drawn series dashes spaces dashes dimension lines show dimensions object arrowheads ends lines dimension lines fine lines center lines find centers objects series short dashes spaces generally lines sketching drawn horizontally vertically sketching fairly simple fig sketch horizontal line mark points distance points equal length line wish draw fig
look reading book forms graphic communication items notice produced printing technique techniques divided categories categories include documents packages textiles labels products arts category shown fig book document printed documents require reading information later date newspapers menus maps brochures documents catalogs greeting cards stationery materials printed images add meaning packages graphic communication designs information printed cans boxes plastic bags fig read packages information enjoyment read cereal box breakfast table important details food inside textiles major category graphic communication articles clothing printed messages messages shirts show favorite school activity athletic team fig designer labels fashion items popular graphic messages caps uniforms display brands labels found society collect bumper stickers address stickers commonly envelopes purchased products marked labels describe contents fig labels prepared screen process printing consumer products include graphic images design board games playing cards examples fig printed designs create required message symbol items produced entirely graphic means
screen process printing popular method graphic communication involves forcing ink paint stencil typically stencil attached framed screen remember early screens silk process called silk screening screen process printing versatile graphic communication process industrial classroom purposes images reproduced variety materials detailed prints stencils prepared photographic film screen process printing heavy deposit ink required ink applied flat surfaces feels raised surface special machines permit printing rounded messages jars cans screen process printing specialty process products paper transfer medium exceptions include stickers heat transfers produced thin sheets tissue paper screen process materials paper street signs posters examples fig dials labels machines screened printed special machines examples include electrical circuit boards types clothing fig disadvantages screen process printing method slow reproduction process reason drying required addition difficult transfer images fine detail bold text reproduce photographs methods preparing stencils developed
lithographic printing widely reproduction technique printing industry commonly known offset printing offset lithography method prints reproduces images flat surface lithographic printing based principle grease water mix lithographic process original design prepared master plate produced design printing process image area greasy substance nonimage area clean nonimage area attract water greasy image area attract ink master dampened water ink applied surface ink adheres image area produces image brought contact paper originally early printers trouble procedure master carved stone produced backwards system printing image developed permitted reading masters fig offset press image transferred surface printing fig lithographic printing primarily large quantity copies needed method reproduction fast fairly inexpensive detailed photographs printed excellent results jobs requiring colors easily reproduced lithographic process widely industry industry includes printing paper include books flyers envelopes cards reports fig newspapers commonly produced offset methods large rolls paper fed presses
electronic communication involves electrical energy transmit information individuals systems electrical energy forms radio messages transmitted signals fig light waves transmit telephone messages fiber optic cables messages transmitted electricity knowledgeable electronic communication past nearly communicating printed materials letters newspapers scientific knowledge increased communication system electronic communication began develop development continues full exciting discoveries learned briefly important communication devices chapter chapter explore fully history current developments electronic communication important developments history early experiments telegraph telephone inventions allowed humans send messages remote locations course simple methods communicating distances existed invention telephone telegraph indians plains smoke signals fig church bells flags common towns sea cannons lights signal ships postal systems allowed exchange letters packages colonies famous pony express system carried messages continent experiments electricity provided potential communicating points longer humans limited range voices line sight fig
atom building block substances land water fig shows model atom center atom consists small particle called nucleus nucleus protons positive charge nucleus particles positive negative charge known neutrons nucleus revolve smaller particles negative electrical charge particles called electrons generally atom equal number protons electrons positive charge proton cancels negative charge electron atom balanced fig atom held force parts atom stay balanced type force pressure added energy added atom excited electrons loosely bound atom outer rings broken free atom longer balanced electrons atoms attracted unbalanced atom newly unbalanced atoms attract electrons movement electrons known electricity metal materials copper silver allow easy movement free electrons materials called conductors materials allow easy movement called insulators conductors insulators listed fig stated force needs applied produce electricity supplied battery strong flame
radio widely systems common include fm broadcasts ways radio think radio car telephone works radio waves fig remote controlled model airplane radio frequency operate radio messages radios radios send messages receive messages source destination feedback involved fm broadcasts radio messages include systems weather band radio broadcasts garage door frequencies devices vary found frequency band found hf uhf bands refer fig radio messages received radios radios feedback respond directly messages devices taxi radios cb radios examples radios taxi driver receives message dispatcher operator respond dispatcher directly telephone radio major difference radios telephone signals suppose friend talking telephone
ownership company formed challenges owners learn resources needed typical resources enterprise money materials knowledge fig resources needed company small companies owner owners responsible finding resources large businesses owners hire locate needed activity includes hiring management team lead company plan secure company resources result wise resources production goods services think resources inputs final products outputs fig think items considered outputs communications enterprises reading book produced type communications firm publishing company outputs include tv programs computer software billboards school portraits telephone calls united states communications industries highly regulated means form operate enterprise legal steps owners learn agencies control industry small printing firms require vendor license local government telephone broadcasting businesses regulated federal communications commission fcc grant commercial license company launching telecommunications satellite involves gaining international approval governments
technological growth occurred rapidly mathematicians describe development geometric progression gradual slow increase technology growth skyrocketed fig steady growth pattern called exponential growth results inventors building knowledge improvements inventors area communication progressed rapidly traditional billboards replaced electronic billboards fig painted lighted signs lifelike effective attracting attention potential buyers colorful shirts ease due help computer scanners separate colors automatically automatic screen process presses allow printing color prints lithography presses print colors laser process receive information microwaves produce plate signals replaces negative filming stripping procedures newer produce lithographic plates ready loading press immediately photographic films unusual light speed conditions fast films photograph sporting events dark indoor events slower films portraits bright outdoor events range asa photography shops cameras easy operate fully automatic cameras adjust focus set stop electronically cameras tell user light sufficient shot fig photocopying machines reduce enlarge prints easily print sides sort pull data computers
learn subject let cars learn cars past describe kinds cars learn built future study construction technology ways learn construction past kinds construction projects construction projects built construction future chapter discuss construction past give background construction today chapters present construction practices begin project end book look construction future construction technology study houses commercial buildings roads built construction project built foundation depends earth hold project built surface ground construction projects fig beneath surface ground water sewer natural gas lines examples briefly trace growth construction technology look housing sanitary systems solid waste systems roadways industrial construction energy systems live houses shelter early gather plants hunt fish meat houses fig
material resources natural materials manufactured material assemblies finished products soil top hill valley level road bed natural material steel rod concrete highway strong manufactured material manufactured material shown fig girder bridge concrete bridge pillars manufactured product signs highway assemblies assemblies need minor site transformer power plant finished product needs set place connected system resource construction equipment construction equipment move soil small projects require equipment rake spade needed plant shrubs home crane barge construct projects water large complex piece equipment fig resource workers workers run equipment materials building large projects remote areas workers live temporary housing week travel homes weekends methods needed build projects construction methods include tools techniques build site learn tools techniques building process building projects part chapter management resource leadership fig managers build project hands
careers duties things working managers plan schedule direct control project kinds managers managers home office managers construction project managers construction project field office workers put craft groups steelworkers plumbers carpenters electricians groups workers job site data facts numbers things tools materials managers mainly data construction workers site things information relates construction methods fig shows perform duties working conditions construction workers vary fig construction workers tunnel builders managers inside install mechanical systems finish inside structure spend inside construction jobs hazardous risky steelworkers high places building tunnels water risky times water tunnel area filled compressed air water workers areas called short periods prefer risky jobs jobs structured means tasks cases job place construction workers thing laying bricks varies
structures site affect design project location water lines sewers telephone lines electricity lines need known features part topographic survey survey party finds owns adjoining land facts buying site location trees roadways drainage ditches known project designed drawing locates describes feature need shape building site leveling methods measure shape surface differential differential leveling horizontal line sight reference fig line sight level spirit bubble level measure heights accurately fig surveyor rod measures heights horizontal wire elevation readings vertical wire shows rod held straight elevation points found subtraction leveling technique faster accurate fig line sight horizontal plane sightings longer distances fewer sightings need hilly land leveled leveling method surveyors compute desired measurements taking simple readings explains saved compared differential method
want design garden shed drawings help draw ideas save easy change ideas walls easy move drawing need eraser pencil going idea provided working drawing drawing facts needed build project construction projects designers seldom project builders working drawings specifications tell builder architect engineer wants project built fig working drawings show shape size part goes specifications describe words materials methods working drawings specifications approved owner construction projects large drawn full size working drawings drawn scale means smaller actual project dimension put drawing easy read saves workers fewer mistakes working drawings describe physical details fig physical details shape size placement parts project part bridge bolt sets working drawings needed sets involved project fig drawings estimate bid project estimate careful guess cost build project
large industrial projects carried contract builders chosen able costs cost percentage cost rare kind contract owner pay materials labor equipment contractor profit overhead paid percentage costs contracts owner pays building costs contractor overhead profit based percentage contract method seldom slow wasteful habits result profit higher costs materials equipment labor contractor earns states form contract law kind contract lets building begin project fully designed kind incentive contract owner contractor agree target estimate cost complete project contractor owner share savings real cost estimate costs estimate extra cost comes contractor fees getting project early result bonus contractor late penalty paid terms describe payment schedule warranties construction schedules completion dates details contracts lawyer signing contract contracts verbal negotiated competitive verbal agreements words maybe handshake
cold weather fresh concrete warm warming materials covering completed job moist sprinkling coverings concrete requires steps preparing placing finishing curing forms subgrade concrete properly prepared fig forms leveled braced clean tight fresh concrete contained reinforcing place subgrade correct distance subgrade correct elevation porous material compacted moist moist subgrade soak water fresh concrete concrete final location fig moving fresh concrete hard aggregate segregate means coarse fine particles tend separate concrete finishing begins surface struck straightedge straightedge moved top forms levels smooths concrete fig edging jointing follows edges rounded stronger joints control cracking floating push large rocks prepare surface final finish ft board metal plate final finishing steel trowels brooms tools steel trowels produce smooth finish
builder needs features site need cleared features structures trees brush fig crew clears site salvage demolish features fig shows care site features sites structures vegetation features cleared ways clear structure site wrecking breaking blasting moving machines demolish structure called wrecking structure fig wrecked steel wrecking ball heavy ball hangs crane cable crane operator swings ball building rubble loaded trucks hauled fig breaking method air hammers break concrete rocks smaller pieces pieces loaded trucks trash containers dumped fig blasting explosives destroy structure blasting reduce large structure pile rubble takes seconds explosives fourth remove features salvage steel bridge fig salvaged cutting pieces easy handle torch cutting salvaged materials reused structures lumber house fig saved sold reused wrecking crew
excavating soil need stabilized stabilized soil cave soil removed cave ins injure damage machines cave extra cave soil removed repairs machines site needed digging large holes damage buildings nearby buildings put pressure soil footings crack damage buildings problem worst nearby buildings shallow footings footings slide hole builders ways prevent cave ins put slope sides holes means space retaining walls reduce danger digging large holes retaining walls support soil holes fig walls involving sheathing bracing shoring coffer dams fig water holes steel sheathing driven soil pieces sheathing joined seal water water seeps pumped sheathing held place bracing shoring hard earth loosened rock blasted fig frozen hard rocky soil ripped fig steel prongs pulled soil prong plow ft soil ripping deep purpose loosen soil cm deep
shingles small flat curved pieces material fastened deck asphalt wood slate asbestos metal clay concrete today asphalt common kinds shingles fig measured sold square square cover sq ft roof asphalt shingles laid solid deck gaps decks plywood shingles put open decking wood fig shows open decking refer fig fig putting solid decking white strip side bottom edge roof fig drip edge protects edge decking water run shingles attached nails nail varies kind shingle nails hot dipped galvanized copper aluminum stainless steel staples fasten asphalt wood shingles stapler fig worker nails fig asbestos clay slate shingles laid details differ kind shingle metal roofing comes forms copper lead aluminum need surface treatment steel plated enameled copper longest lasting costly metal held deck clips screws nails fig metal roofing easy install lasts flashing stop leaks
foundation frames provide strength structure enclosing keeps forces nature enclosing inside makes structure look nice makes easy clean mechanical systems provide warmth light information fresh air systems able live structure mechanical systems include transportation traffic movement climate control plumbing electrical power communication systems mechanical system floors walls ceilings part called roughing bulky rigid parts roughed flexible roughed transportation systems installed move things structure climate control systems follows large plumbing pipes roughed smaller water supply drain lines finally electrical wire communication cables installed transportation systems structures supplies moved buildings transportation equipment fig structures story high require upward downward transportation fig stairways elevators moving stairs moving walkways carry freight moved elevators conveyors papers small items moved pneumatic tubes chutes stairway basic move structures fig city codes describe width stairways public buildings vary widely common guides follow enclosure stories fireproof
duct systems consist registers ducts plenum plenum chamber joins ducts air inlet outlet fig conditioned air enters room registers room register spreads air room ducts thin sheet metal plastic round rectangular shape insulation keeps air cool warm lowers noise moving air fig ways lay common radial extended plenum radial layout registers rooms look fig duct furnace run register shortest route return air fed registers inside walls extended plenum system trunk line fig rectangular round small ducts branch register plenum metal box attached furnace holes cut plenum connects electric radiant heat similar radiant hot water resistance wires pipes embedded walls floors ceilings resistance wires hot electricity passes warm surface radiates heat objects room system requires ducts chimneys moving parts wear easy install costly run structure insulated conserve heat
earth piled later final earthwork contrast early earthwork final earthwork involves replacing shaping earth mainly appearance support holes dug basement foundations pipelines underground tanks soil saved backfill fig fills structures ground ground pipelines process soil compacted air squeezed making soil firm settle crack foundations ruin landscaping topsoil soil growing plants scraped top feet site topsoil piled saved spread site site leveled sites topsoil hauled site site shaped forest meadow valley wild area garden clearing business park fig extra soil reshaped mounds shape provide drainage add beauty elevation gradual easy walking site plan describes shape site shows mounds flat areas elevation height shape shown machines shape sites shown fig bulldozers graders move level mix soil loaders scrapers move soil needed remove excess soil
quality checked ways fig inspectors answer questions size look question deals mechanical systems heaters lights sinks drains planned pipes withstand working pressure circuits able carry electrical load size structure walls rooms steps grades length width height inspectors check size placement openings fixtures high quality looks mortar joints neat uniform floors walls ceilings fixtures scratched marred curves sidewalks flower bed edges smooth trees straight sod contract states approve project owner architect engineer public officials involved final inspection materials quality checked inspectors try learn methods fig defects list list called punch list item punch list corrected responsible firm firm general contractor subcontractor supplier items corrected approved approval forms signed final inspection closing owner pays contractor receives documents details closing written contract contractor provide signed releases warranties manuals owner makes final payment contractor
projects built conserve resources conserve means wisely waste country resources environment energy land minerals wildlife construction disturb environment environment system plants animals resources live dams kill fish ruin rivers highways cut hills forests destroy beauty dam shown fig worth cost structures wasteful energy poorly insulated warm cool structures beautiful wasteful limit amount land learn conserve suburb houses ft lot land houses spread land needed roads walkways sewer lines electricity wires longer dwelling land seldom minerals resources minerals include metal rock means minerals designers structures inexhaustible renewable resources wood renewable resource sun inexhaustible resource recycled reused resources conserve minerals architects engineers owners aware challenge past building projects provide need conserve concept called cluster housing places house modules close modular homes shown fig
label healthy active sports walk school jog bicycle exercise likely trim full energy handle pressures everyday activities showing strain project positive outlook practice health habits making choices diet exercise friendships able enjoy lives word health number ways past health meant absence disease illness today health broader meaning health includes feel physically mentally socially wellness term describes broader view health understand need broader definition think health health grandparents lives main death diseases spread bacteria viruses lived danger dying pneumonia times greater danger dying cancer figure compares leading death today diseases common affected ages surprising emphasis health freedom illness today diseases common prevented cured improved medicines methods sanitation
bright smile begins clean teeth strong healthy teeth important appearance health chewing food properly aids digestion teeth affect speak shape face thought age meant loss teeth dental care started early help teeth lifetime tooth mouth main parts crown neck root crown part tooth gum line neck crown root gum line root part tooth gum line fits jawbone identify main parts figure tooth kinds tissue enamel white compact material calcium covers crown enamel hardest substance body harder bone beneath hard enamel dentin dentin makes body tooth extending root softer enamel dentin holds pulp pulp soft tissue small blood vessels nerve fibers pulp housed center tooth extends canals roots jawbone soft tissue pulp cushions nerves nerves sensitive heat cold pressure pain blood vessels nourish tooth fourth kind tissue tooth cementum
cold snowy morning blankets feel warm soft smell hot crisp bacon begins fill bedroom stay bed feeling warm cozy head breakfast sizzling bacon buttered toast hot cocoa decision influenced senses touch taste smell sense touch includes separate sensations contact pressure cold warmth pain receptors touch called tactile corpuscles tactile corpuscles nerve endings change shape response forces sending impulses travel brain spinal cord types tactile corpuscles shown figure addition pain receptors located skin pain receptors outer layers internal organs pain internal organ signals working correctly information important helping doctors identify threatening diseases injuries parts body responsive sensations touch areas tactile corpuscles scattered evenly body arranged clusters hairless parts body fingertips lips tongue sensitive sensitive area shoulders spot bigger size period fingertip pressure receptors pain receptors sustained loss sensations touch health problem
occasional problems dealing emotions relating difficulties unusually interfere normal daily activities person mental health threatened millions experience degree mental disorders chemical imbalance present functional disorders stress present organic disorders constructive experiences environment help fighting organic disorders unpleasant destructive experiences environment lead functional disorders functional disorders include mood disorders anxiety disorders disorders personality disorders dissociative disorders organic mental disorders include common mental illnesses delirium dementia affect adults organic problems mental disorders early childhood delirium mental disorder involves confusion loss awareness environment delirium result poisoning high fever withdrawal drugs alcohol caused fear trauma delirious sure sign delirium hallucination hallucination seeing hearing sensing exist hallucinating spiders walls hear voices speaking dementia severe irreversible loss mental ability common elderly dementia trouble remembering things forget names conversations lose sense judgment
substances found environment essential body functions minerals minerals regulate wide range body processes bone formation blood clotting important body structure iron body tend store minerals iron tends conserved body blood loss minerals quickly lost waste products means eat mineral rich foods regularly replenish supply body larger amounts calcium phosphorus magnesium iodine iron zinc calcium keeps nervous system working needed blood clotting calcium phosphorous give bones teeth added strength hardness calcium sodium potassium helps maintain normal heartbeat research lack calcium teenage result brittle bones later sources calcium diet listed figure disease calcium deficiency develops adults iron essential part hemoglobin hemoglobin substance red blood cells carries oxygen parts body insufficient iron anemia disease body red blood cells hemoglobin result oxygen carried cells body iron deficiency anemia tend feel weak tire quickly sick easily shortness breath hard concentrating
blood pressure blood vessels high resulting condition called hypertension lead heart kidney disease stroke high blood pressure sodium diet treatment hypertension involves reduced sodium intake medications lower blood pressure weight loss recommended obese patients hypertension step reducing sodium diet cut added salt table salt sodium chloride salt shaker kitchen table cooking substitute spices lemon basil garlic dining ask foods prepared salt choose broiled meats fish ask lemon lime seasoning efforts processed foods hidden sodium read food labels processed foods sodium phosphate sodium nitrate sodium sulfate sodium chloride look processed foods say salt added low sodium label avoid foods processed meats cheeses pickles salted nuts pretzels potato chips condition body carbohydrates resulting high blood sugar called diabetes mellitus eat carbohydrates body converts carbohydrates glucose simple sugar insulin substance body transports glucose blood cells insulin present amounts body glucose quick energy
running bus singing chorus talking friend respiratory system important respiratory system lungs air passages organs carry process respiration taking oxygen air releasing carbon dioxide carbon dioxide waste product cells produce breaking glucose energy cells body need oxygen carry functions respiratory system works closely circulatory system ensure body receives oxygen organs respiratory system grouped location upper respiratory tract extends nose opening windpipe lower respiratory tract extends windpipe lungs figure shows organs respiratory system detailed illustration respiratory system shown plate area lies roof mouth floor brain cavity nasal cavity air enters body nasal cavity breathe air enters nose nostrils nostrils rest nasal cavity lined mucous membrane mucous membrane tissue helps warm moisten air enters lungs mucous membrane filters bacteria help protect lungs infection mucus cilia nose trap particles air infect lung tissue
ken wants build muscles football team tara wants able run yard dash fast beat rival school yukio looking exercise trim body help lose extra weight david winded minutes neighborhood basketball game increase playing recognize physical fitness personal matter interests abilities differ improved physical fitness increase enjoyment activity choose understanding health benefits physical fitness give reasons top condition ability heart blood vessels lungs muscles called physical fitness physically fit need regular program exercise exercise makes muscles bones strong works circulatory respiratory systems deliver needed amounts fuel oxygen cells effort exercise improves coordination addition burns calories aids digestive system fitness helps look manage weight energy physically fit tend healthy lower blood pressure fewer cases heart disease increased resistance disease testing physical fitness identify physical strengths weaknesses tests follow measure components fitness
mission advertising words persuade persuade persuade advertising tries win appealing wants needs heart advertisement argument advertisement argument quarrel persuasive reasons advertiser sell product argument central message advertisement reasons buying product clearly stated consider slogan basketball price case argument buying product clearly stated advertisements central argument unstated consider slogan basketball play champion notice reasons buying basketball stated company associates product word champion appeal flattering image champion main appeal advertisement immediately obvious hidden eyecatching pictures persuasive words ads central message tricks consumer wanting product common types advertising appeals quote slogans products forms appeal ads appeal show parties playing games happy active central message advertising product bring fun friends
tobacco changed pipes cigars chewing tobacco cigarettes snuff fashion times history leaves tobacco plant dried crumbled crumbled tobacco pipes cigars cigarettes smoked snuff tobacco ground fine powder inhaled nostrils held gums chewing tobacco poor quality leaves mixed honey molasses chewed leaves juices spat started smoke reasons urged friends wish grown ease attractive person smokes harder stop tobacco unknown europeans columbus reached america american indians tobacco religious ceremonies smoked pipes chewed snuff columbus returned europe tobacco samples tobacco sir walter raleigh started smoking fad europe raleigh pictured figure popular person queen elizabeth court started smoking copied smoking soon spread european countries england colonies africa asia tobacco oldest industries united states tobacco popularity europe helped english colony jamestown virginia survive jamestown nearly abandoned tobacco crops sold england soon brought prosperity
alcohol toxic toxic means poisonous intoxication set bad effects alcohol body mind intoxication begins drink affects drinker personality mind body things influence respond alcohol intoxication relaxed friendly unpleasant rough drinking common forget alcohol drug drink truly understand alcohol brain organ affected alcohol makes relaxed talkative alcohol depressant depressant slows important nerve activity alcohol slows nerve activity brain spinal cord affects area brain controls inhibitions attention memory inhibitions checks emotions inhibitions weakened alcohol control buried feelings sudden bursts anger drinking able judge dangerous act alcohol slows body reflexes interfering nerve signals reflexes automatic muscle responses pain danger depend pull hand hot stove jam brakes bike car alcohol affects muscle coordination drinker clumsy difficulty walking beverage glasses broken things knocked drinking continues part brain controls speech eye muscles affected
drugs abused main classifications abused drugs stimulants depressants hallucinogens marijuana narcotics drugs abused drugs physical psychological dependence risks health shown figure drugs speed body processes called stimulants stimulants increase heart rate blood pressure rate breathing drugs awake hide tiredness users nervous jumpy stimulants fairly weak stronger dangerous caffeine legal psychoactive drug found coffee soft drinks cocoa counter drugs sold relieve tiredness caffeine caffeine help overcome muscle tiredness damage user stomach ulcers worse overuse person irritable irregular heart rate person sleeping physical psychological dependence results regular caffeine amphetamines group strong stimulants doctors prescribe small doses amphetamines reduce appetite treat sleep disorders doctors give small doses amphetamines hyperactive children unknown reason amphetamines affect hyperactive children differently adults amphetamines slow children speeding amphetamines called speed sold illegally forms pills white powder shots amphetamines called uppers euphoria
didn mean didn turn surprised tell regret actions decision thinking effects considering consequences action lead decisions health safety apologies later probable means likely happen likely true consequence outcome naturally follows action condition probable consequence likely happen action consider statement bicycling miles gradually increase rider leg muscles lung capacity action bicycling probable consequence increased leg muscles lung capacity taking action wise review decision making process presented chapter shown peer pressure plays major role decision making peers try persuade actions try pressure decision peer pressure positive negative outcomes playing softball ability studying hard honor roll want friends admire positive outcomes peer pressure driving fast abusing alcohol drugs negative outcomes learning predict probable consequences resisting peer pressure
unconsciousness unconsciousness fainting related injury times unconsciousness related injury medical problem caused injury related shock respiratory failure convulsions exposure head injury sudden illness unconsciousness signal medical emergency person found unconscious aid important information events resulted unconsciousness limited unavailable remember aid priorities especially remember avoid injury danger protect injured person danger damage medical treatment required condition minor send medical care person nearest hospital emergency facility follow aid directions giving treatment specific injuries confirm unconsciousness injured person responds shout firm tap shoulder check sign breathing artificial respiration cpr continue aid prevent treat shock page check injuries treat appropriately medical care blood supply brain interrupted short result momentary loss consciousness fainting occur suddenly preceded symptoms including dizziness nausea paleness sweating person feels faint lie bend head follow aid directions act quickly prevent injury fall
look child named deborah small lay curled heavy door listening voices mother cousin ruth fuller mrs sampson voice ragged tears late cousin fuller voice dry thin lady cousin feed jonathan cousin fuller sounded indignant call running sea supporting family angered jon felt larger share father believed brother law reason sell share land sisters turn tail run put land jon farming wanted sea stay sea comes home days leaves baby money care huh deborah hear cousin fuller dry sniff scorn help cousin feel differently wed doubt asked young foolish
mistress thatcher christian duty important home heart determined set path god approve physical scoured raw strong soap cold water pale hair strained tightly eyes slanted frocks rapidly clean serviceable unbecoming excuse sin vanity mistress thatcher house fed plainly food pleasure flesh flesh weaken unable plain nourishing meal served discourage appetite healthiest child mistress thatcher reading matter bible heavier cousin fuller allowed read required memorize passages penmanship lessons restricted copying form letters beginning god created heaven earth precisely surprising changed times bible closest friend reverend conant chosen fill pulpit congregational church death reverend thatcher admired respected eyes wrong reverend conant called visits closest thing knew real happiness
addition wonderful acceptance young developing domestic skills bound horror feared hours spent working mrs thomas cooked vast amounts food took feed family scrubbed muddy footprints floors beat dirt clothes wooden paddles wash barrel learned spin weave handling soft mounds wool sheared deacon sons thomas sheep gentle whir wheel clacking shuttles loom passion mrs thomas generous praise declare deborah touch wheel handle quickly smoothly find beautiful dye softest wool frock mean course girl family dress owned dress remember lived cousin fuller rest handed let meant careful ma wear sunday church meeting dear child
talk deborah love want live peace want feel shame easy stay telling told difference makes difference things conscience honor choose call offer deb robbie hush stopped words kiss holding tight say change love sure thing nat easier deborah harder stood clasped close tears wet shoulder homespun shirt half past fifteen robbie nearly eighteen loved thought heart break robbie war bye small lonely settled routine country war things hands farm allowed fields number sheep cattle livestock dwindled
weeks later leonards house usual spinning weaving found jennie beautiful negro girl fond shared bed lay night waiting sleep talked told robbie death wept tears deborah bound thomases don jennie rob hated thought going war hate thought staying wish someplace mattered spin want mind energies important robbie suddenly sat straight bed jennie want join army voice unbelieving talking deborah jennie turned quickly excited words tripping jennie think pass clothes hair tied tall jennie taller lot shoot ride strong jennie think pass don exactly shape deborah re exactly flat
stopped dead sir need mean don floor place smells pigpen yes sir moonlight bathed clear white glow felt watched hundred invisible eyes skulking shadow find moving quickly clenched muscles allow reached dim bulk outhouse pushed open door total blackness suppose suppose darkness touched lowering voice deepest pitch softly sound touch smell found nearest holes sat strange moment physical relief emptying strain fears worries shocks combined found weeping helplessly imposture impossible felt sure continue plans commonplace need evacuation leave sitting straight tears middle night suddenly faint brush memory sitting straight tears voice ah lass weep tall dark brought letter robbie eyes held warm admiration looked
shop selection women wear window felt desire stop feast eyes dainty gloves delicate pink scarf bottles eau de cologne female enticements companions showed interest moved shop door opened betsy emerged took look dropped parcel stooped pick cursed paper unrolled pair frilled white drawers tumbled ground betsy snatched thrust robbie hello betsy thought died hospital tell thought dead tears sprang blue eyes voice broke dan hayes crane vastly interested conversation stood grinning side introduced betsy paid attention amenities demanded didn let home want meet family dan hayes drat interrupted gleefully hours rob refuse charming invitation certainly agreed sure spent mistress gazing shop windows later
october honorable discharge continental army general henry knox wasting boarded sloop headed york city clear idea reached simply wanted discover decide happen york learned packet boat headed providence rhode island started foot northeast boston wore uniform partly comfort practicality partly easier travel totally free regretted fact found wishing tie relative acknowledge homeless rootless disgrace tavern impossible face mrs thomas need family took home aunt alice waters massachusetts town called sharon takes deal startle england farm folk aunt uncle took story surprised heard talk deborah aunt alice husband grinned yes baptist church joined didn hold goings announced excommunicated gasped excommunicated church dear heaven hear
strange dignity late think mature woman caused furor behavior young deborah enlisted dressed brand fitting suit speaking tour speak publicly number cities performed manual arms decision friend neighbor paul revere ridden night warn landholders british marching lexington concord later told captured british evening warned sleepy cow believe history remarkable event paul ben sat talking evening matter money lack arose let robert money paul warrant mean dress trim figure uniform shoulder musket speak audiences pay hear sadly mistaken shocked public dressed couldn burst laughter ben forty
help animal trapped talked moving mouth jed tried push rock heavy animal care babies animal died say jed saw small animals hiding mother bite jed held hand animals licked thank high squeaky voice mother talked moving mouth jed put animals inside spacesuit ran spaceship ace parents waiting asked worried jed showed animals told happened suddenly door buzzed planet patrolman found boy saw animals find cogs asked find asked jed cogs patrolman called cogs look cats dogs headquarters give cogs jed held tight want stay sorry patrolman cogs rare special powers commander wants find powers mother told care jed don silly patrolman cogs talk took cogs left jed father looked mad lying cogs asked
inside big teddy bear wheels feet teddy bear yelled jed ordinary bear mother teddy robot computer programmed care friend jed didn want teddy robot computer wanted cogs jed father robot watch thirty takeoff jed ran ramp bear skated jed ran fast bear skated faster dumb robot thought jed stuck foot teddy fell mean bear asked sorry jed don want want cogs care didn say asked teddy big blue cage headquarters jed dit dit dit dit ding paper teddy nose big blue cage room side door ramp jed amazed teddy let jed teddy raced headquarters fast side door took ramp room locked jed relax teddy put paw lock click click door opened asked jed easy teddy computer inside
commander ship pulled spaceship ace ships hooked commander aboard cogs asked jed parents jed say word escaped commander find search ship patrolmen searched jed heard cogs crying put arm teddy felt cogs shaking inside don worry thought patrolmen won find wrong feel thought jed don cogs coming close hot jed scared didn cogs started yelling fire coming turn jed afraid talk fire coming turn screamed cogs jed hear yelled fire coming turn asked commander looked confused suddenly teddy skated controls put paw dial zoom spaceship turned fast fell swish ball fire flew window spaceship hot jed thought burn air cooled giant jed mother yes commander crashed son bear saved lives jed commander coming jed afraid tell knew
cold snow snow bear mother bear cold snow want put mother bear bear bear bear put head bear hat hurray cold bear play bear mother bear want cold bear want put mother bear bear bear bear put bear coat hurray cold bear play bear mother bear want cold bear want put mother bear bear bear bear cold put bear snow pants hurray cold bear play bear mother bear want cold bear want put bear mother bear hat coat snow pants
space helmet going moon bear mother bear asked mother bear going fly moon bear fly mother bear fly birds fly bear yes mother bear birds fly don fly moon bird maybe birds fly moon don maybe fly bird bear maybe mother bear fat bear cub wings feathers maybe jump fast big plop maybe bear going look sky lunch mother bear thought jump high spot sky fly going fast look things shut eyes bear climbed top hill climbed top tree tree hill shut eyes jumped big plop hill tumbled sat looked moon moon looks earth bear trees look trees
bear mother bear yes mother bear asleep mother bear mother bear sleep mother bear wishing bear wishing mother bear wish sit cloud fly bear wish bear mother bear wish find viking boat bear vikings say wish bear mother bear wish find tunnel bear going china china chopsticks wish bear mother bear wish big red car bear fast fast big castle princess say cake bear wish bear mother bear wish bear mother bear say hear story mother bear maybe wish wish thank mother bear wanted kind story hear mother bear
senses help things matter help things want eyes hear ears smell nose taste tongue touch skin eyes run water jerry look shells watch boats look fish play water tag jerry fun look face tag jerry dives shows swim water ears hear water hear birds sky jerry hear wind pine trees says hears wind songs nose smell things things smell things don smell tide don smell fish smell flowers smell hot dog smell water smell find city sense taste sense smell things taste things don taste taste water taste water swim
jack cindy bill want pet asked put big green frog floor frog cindy frog live water pond jack let live pet feed frog bill asked likes bugs jack cindy face silly bugs frog jack cindy put hand frog asked frog picked frog sat hand laughed feels ice bill want touch bill looked frog don want touch want bug soon frog want bug jack want bug jack cindy laughed bugs plan cindy ran frog frog asked jack don bill cindy likes plan things soon cindy cried watch frog fly jack boys ran cindy frog pond watching big fly cindy asked jack
live manufactured manufactured goods school manufactured bus opened manufactured doors enter building sit manufactured chairs manufactured desk write manufactured paper manufactured pencil reading manufactured book contact manufactured products exactly manufacturing simply changing materials usable manufacturing adds materials making fig trees common natural resource harvested cut thin sheets called veneer veneer glued form plywood plywood toi book case stage material changed manufacturing factory shown fig products location shipped customer user manufacturing changing materials adds manufacturing important reasons products easier live comfort manufacturing activities manufactured products move place comfort ride automobiles buses subway cars railway cars airplanes manufactured factory receives information daily manufactured products watch television listen radios manufactured
easy output manufacturing system usable product developed system end number kinds products purposes grouped general types shown fig consumer products industrial products military products consumer products manufactured goods ready customers need processing product products sold typical retail store dealer catalog consumer products fig divided groups durable hard goods expected automobiles kitchen appliances furniture examples nondurable soft goods quickly food clothing beverages examples industrial goods materials equipment industries industrial materials need processing product sheet plywood dog house desk cabinet true lumber sheets aluminum potter clay thousands items industrial materials capital goods equipment industrial goods machines process materials produce industrial consumer goods military ordinance goods materials war special products produced military forces country tanks guns bombers examples military goods outputs manufacturing activities products outputs fig
product designers engineers common problem select material fit need material job selection material left luck careful thoughtful act designer materials properties materials properties qualities hardness transparency task features material need satisfy couple requirements job look strong kitchen chair frame attractive reflect light absorb sound ceiling tile material strong transparent window glass examples endless materials job properties tell designer material perform behave material individual properties grouped shown fig categories mechanical physical thermal chemical electrical mechanical optical acoustical mechanical properties ability material support withstand mechanical forces typically forces shown fig compression tension shear torsion basically compression squeezes crushes material tension tries pull shear sections material part slide past torsion twist material actually rotating shear force ability withstand forces measured ways common mechanical properties shown fig
part product measured laid need measure find distance points measuring tells thick wide part tells diameter depth holes find width depth grooves dados measurement hear word layout means measure mark part markings tell feature hole notch part shows part cut larger piece material difference terms shown fig lay measure parts features names surfaces part special features cuts basic measuring layout tools layout practices basic terms describe part communicate workers terms shown fig length largest dimension part width largest dimension thickness smallest dimension part diameter distance end round part face side largest surface edge largest surface end smallest surface dimensions size measurements part order rectangular pieces order thickness width length round part diameter length
molds called broken remove casting inexpensive materials sand plaster molding requires items pattern needed device exact shape finished casting patterns slightly larger finished product remember materials shrink cool need mold cavity bigger finished product item need molding material place pattern form mold easier understand patterns molding materials studying actual casting process let look green sand casting fig step pattern patterns wood fig times metal epoxy pattern draft sloped sides removed sand mold causing damage mold green sand mold produced part flask part flask sided container top bottom bottom half called drag cope top half molding process starts placing drag board half pattern drag pattern coated thin layer powder material called parting compound
process piece molds metal spinning spinning disc metal forced spinning mold called chuck fig large lighting reflectors satellite antenna tank ends formed process piece die process called blow molding process actually piece parts die die fig forms shape product heated glob material mold air blown glass plastic material expands takes shape mold blow molding produces light globes christmas ornaments bottles jars shapes fig extrusion piece die material forced shaped hole die fig material flows die takes shape opening shown fig extrusion produce shapes metals plastics ceramics rolls type shaping device smoothed formed smooth rolls curve straight piece changing cross section roll forming produce curved beam shape beam change fig curved members storage tanks rocket bodies large diameter pipe roll formed set matched rolls produce formed sheets quilting aluminum foil produced matched roll forming metal barn siding roofing fig shows corrugated sheet material formed
bonding processes heat pressure filler materials base materials form bond processes common resistance welding type welding resistance electric current melt material material squeezed form weld widely resistance welding technique spot welding special welding machine fig transformer device change voltage delivers electric current copper electrodes terminals metal welded electrodes stage cycle begins pressure applied metal parts electricity flows electrodes electrical resistance metal parts heat spot kernel molten metal forms parts fig kernel forms point maximum electrical resistance current stopped pressure held melted spot cools electrodes release spot welding process rolling electrodes rolls perform steps regular spot welder process produces continuous weld fig called seam weld resistance welding assemble sheet metal parts home appliance automotive industries fig major users type resistance welding plastic films films held pressure bars wire recessed bar heated pulse electricity hot wire softens plastic sheets pressure bar bond
chemical cleaning liquids vapors remove dirt grease chemical cleaning basic part finishing processes plating surface conversion finishes cleaning pickling steps fig application means adding coat material surface discussion definition narrow converted surfaces applied chemical electrochemical combination electricity chemistry application protective layer skin applied basic technologies applying converted surface finishes applying surface finishes conversion finishes result chemical action process basically expose metal chemicals chemicals react metal outer surface material protective layer basic surface conversion finishes phosphate coatings primers organic coatings chrome plating chromate coatings provide decorative paint adhering surface oxide coatings provide oxide metal common black iron oxide conversion coatings electrochemical process earlier produces oxide coating aluminum coatings commonly finishes applied number processes typical methods include brushing dipping rolling spraying electroplating brushing seldom manufacturing process slow requires skilled painters brushing surface finishes painting common practice construction industry rolling process manufacturing primary coating sheet stock steel hardboard paneling techniques coat roller finishing material
manufacturing companies organized corporations corporation legally created business unit artificial eyes law fig created operate states beings corporations property sue sued enter contracts corporations lives owners stockholders sell holdings causing change management generally owners managers individuals special skills hired manage enterprise corporate owners definite advantage limited liability corporation owners responsible debts owners lose original investment corporation fails furnish money pay outstanding debts course corporations disadvantages owners generally interest daily operations company main interest dividends interest management high short term earnings term growth proper attention corporations file government reports makes operations public competing difficult corporate profits heavily taxed stockholders dividends taxed enterprises legal company manufacturing companies corporations limit discussion forming corporation corporation artificial born birth process follow steps shown fig corporation controlled major things
custom manufacture generally requires skilled workers able read plans drawings specifications workers required set machines operate equipment worker checks quality fig custom manufacture expensive system manufacture workers skilled paid employees spend setting checking machines part actual production equipment low equipment needed part idle times set cost machine charged products cost charged product reasons custom manufacture chosen demand product low users willing pay added cost intermittent manufacturing products mass produced built large quantities intermittent means starting stopping intervals periods process starts completed stops later cycle repeated seen intermittent manufacture home member family baked batch cookies week later batch produced process baking activities separated period intermittent manufacture primary secondary processing
selecting operations designing manufacturing engineers concerned resource flow means moving materials factory efficiently workers need stations easily movement restrooms cafeterias support areas considered rapid movement plant case fire storm earthquake plant layout manufacturing engineers plan machines material move aisles location utilities electricity water gas basic types plant layouts process layout product layout process layout groups machines process perform furniture plant group machines cut parts joint cutting machines grouped location assembly operations place finishing equipment spot process layout custom manufacturing intermittent manufacturing plants system plants produce number products product set operations departments machining assembly finishing created fig product layout places machines according sequence operations continuous manufacturing plants machine needed operation nearest material storage area machine operation fig manufacturing engineer puts ideas plant layout paper model
final item labor cost wage rates generally labor cost worker skill related difficult jobs require skilled workers skills ability learn ability training rewarded higher wage rates labor costs controlled making job simpler total skill operation fig includes skill built machine skill worker manufacturing engineers try build skill machine ways easier adjusting controls result operator needs skill run machine hired cheaper wage labor costs controlled studying results manufacturing information gathered major measurements control labor costs worked products produced productivity simplest measure labor worked everyday employees record times start end span workday clock card fig clock automatically prints employee starting ending times card end week total worked added completed station measure labor technique records quantities worked important worker basis pay number products important measure company profits producing products
process closing company activities called dissolution company built dissolved hired leave plant equipment materials finished goods sold patents product plans sold company sum parts broken pieces dissolution caused types actions shown fig voluntary dissolution involuntary dissolution owners close company want enter voluntary dissolution file form dissolve corporation called certificate dissolution articles dissolution voluntary dissolution caused company losing money owners close company fails dissatisfaction company reason owners feel money close business sell assets money invested companies forced dissolve court order close assets sold raise money main reasons involuntary dissolution inability pay debts bankruptcy dishonest financial activity fraud criminal acts loss charter refuses renew charter illegal activity dissolving company orderly activity major tasks completed filing proper legal documents closing operations selling corporate assets distributing company money legal documents start dissolution company officers file certificate dissolution
learned chapter industrial rapidly changing moving industrial manufacturing society information society agriculture period worked nature tried control improve natural types grains developed irrigation watering introduced sprays control pests industrial period matched human built worked machines machines build products structures fig information period interact share information able receive information immediately telephone lets talk directly distances computers send information distances communications satellites part dependent information movement communication society mean manufacturing important going number actually producing products smaller reports say percent force manufacturing operations managing operations professional workers engineers accountants designers sales managers professional workers information times called information workers fig information manage develop production systems control outputs group working manufacturing production workers information main skill working machines materials fig
measure job requirement responsibility jobs require employee responsibility fig job set task totally planned worker job production jobs clerical tasks fall group jobs require employee decide job fig worker organize complete entire task skilled production tool die repair accounting sales positions examples type job job groups require responsible jobs require responsible jobs management positions fig managers directing efforts jobs require working resources basically jobs require information machines balance vary job accountants primarily information machines computers aid information process important resource information jobs involve operating machines fig information helps employee machines correctly contact limited skill machines process materials important part jobs choosing career path consider resources jobs require kind skill workers information able things product designers elements design
afternoon alex mom dropped annie ballet school took mustard animal clinic edge town waiting room empty paying bill mom stepped counter alex sat red chair held mustard blanket lap mustard tried burrow blanket don worry mustard alex whispered going hurt mustard meowed tucked head alex arm counter mom gave mustard address woman took card large file cabinet minutes soon veterinarian opened door examination rooms dr griffith wore green doctor coat tie dog pictures ready mustard mustard yowled leaped alex lap don think mustard ready mom laughed alex picked mustard bring mustard asked dr griffith glanced mom mom shrugged dr griffith led small room high table white cabinet window looked clean smelled clean dr griffith took mustard alex table let look boy alex frowned call mustard mustard tried scoot table mom caught held tight
mom gave mustard dropper full vitamins mustard held towel stopped growling trying jump alex mustard room jeff barney annie promised tease mustard dress doll clothes weeks leaf buds trees began open mom tulips bloomed red yellow white busy alex washed polished bicycle dad spent saturdays turning garden spade alex stopped worrying mustard heart stopped watching mustard breathe mustard played catnip mouse chased tail wrong mustard alex thought soon turned warm start build dad gave wood garage gave hammer box nails sun warmer usual birds hopped branches trees alex hurried home school start building big maple easter room alex changed clothes careful mom don climb high alex mustard waiting door think mustard wanting opened door mustard scooted mustard alex shouted chased cat side house
alex woke sun shining ready school alex remembered night mustard couldn night stumbled closet alex jumped bed ran kitchen dad sat window holding mustard lap want eat drink dad mom sat kitchen table eyes red holding bottle mustard medicine won swallow medicine alex walked dad chair eat mustard medicine mustard tried lift head fell dad lap cried sound terrible dad alex pleaded mom stood quickly ready school alex alex put hand mustard head don want school want stay mustard dad shook head taking mustard vet morning want school moment alex stood petting mustard dr griffith mustard dad don think mustard going dad mom put elbows table covered face hands dr griffith stop mustard pain alex looked mom dad dad hand alex shoulder veterinarians stop animal suffering explained
ernie learned knit october afternoon home waiting scabs chicken pox spots fall didn itch feel bad bored ernie bored couldn wait school wondered exciting things friends mrs teacher spent waiting scabs fall doorbell suddenly rang ernie glad answering door ernie looked peephole door find opening saw uncle simon uncle simon sailor ernie mother seen uncle simon sea ernie thought uncle simon imagined uncle simon things sailors stories ernie read ernie uncle simon sat talked ernie mother dinner uncle simon showed ernie pictures places ship sailed uncle simon asked ernie kinds things liked ernie told reading books cereal boxes told trading baseball cards making cookies shooting baskets uncle simon told ernie liked read mystery stories liked bake bread knit ernie didn knitted
bent put head hole called home sudden scuffling noise inside hole silence home called pooh loudly voice added shout loud heard bother pooh winnie pooh took head hole thought thought put head hole hallo rabbit rabbit sort voice rabbit voice don think rabbit meant pooh took head hole think put kindly tell rabbit friend pooh bear friend bear surprised sort pooh bear sure rabbit surprised sure pooh pooh pushed pushed pushed hole rabbit looking
branch scraping side daddy yes dark don turn flashlight katy fished stubby flashlight pocket pack turned yes katy turned flashlight toby sighed katy asleep katy woke sounds breakfast pots banging toby crying let remembered slept night smiled thought morning freezing katy answered blowing breath white puff air brisk father cheerily breath puff white lovely brisk morning handed katy sierra cup filled oatmeal smelled delicious sweet katy ate quickly oatmeal warming insides admit wasn freezing brisk ready uh huh katy nodded waited looked small clearing home night clues dog katy looked huge tree thought hikers motto seen posted entrance trails pictures leave footprints knew muddy footprints left covered fallen leaves washed rain
pat rosie opening speech play scenery ready cast rehearses pierre longest hardest musical numbers show musical director joel works cast song cast tries costumes dress rehearsal active stage brim hat pinned wore shirt looked clean days later looked character alligator hat green overalls joey waits stage checked curtain calls practiced pat leads cast rehearsal curtain call previews performances test play front paying audience previews rosie actors finally play words speak songs sing sound words songs opening night dressing room wardrobe person helps joey costume lighting control booth lighting person waits cue stage manager play begins backstage ready raise curtain golden light covers stands center stage spreads arms begins sing rosie production began opening night
big chair sits living room empty accordion grandma mama sit chair listen practice school mama job diner grandma sitting chair window snowing big flakes hair lean call hurry pussycat nice grandma sick stay upstairs big bed aunt ida uncle sandy extra room mama aunt ida uncle sandy turns taking care home school run upstairs ask grandma wants carry soup mama left water plants report christmas cactus flowers sit bed tell grandma likes friends jenny mae home play music plays drums mae plays flute jenny plays fiddle play accordion played dance grandma learned music club school grandma clapped tired told music village lived girl want dance street
andrews put guitar arms thaddeus drew thumb strings times guitar trembled inside trembled softly guitar guitar costs bundle andrews ask want guitar thaddeus think learn play yes andrews studied nice guitar sell fifteen dollars fifteen dollars don thaddeus walked quickly center straight hill home sister bernadine sitting front stoop plotting thaddeus tell big brother important mind plotting guitar mamma decided mother hill walking slowly tired mamma bernadine screamed think thaddeus going real guitar fifteen dollars thaddeus problem mother problem water tree front yard morning week growing dollar bills branches downtown buy re mind picking dress
lady lives small house overlooking sea rocks house grow blue purple rose colored flowers lady aunt told girl named alice lived city sea ago grandfather america large sailing ship worked shop bottom house making figureheads prows ships alice grandfather artist painted pictures sailing ships places sea busy alice helped put skies evening alice sat grandfather knee listened stories faraway places finished alice say grow faraway places grow live sea alice grandfather thing asked alice beautiful grandfather alice meantime alice washed face ate porridge breakfast school home homework pretty soon grown
watching learn animals live watching find animals move build homes hunt eat guide jim artist naturalist reveals secrets watching wildlife woods wet dirt gurgled press feet walked familiar trail wide eyed sight wildlife ahead moved wet leaves snake tried closer look moved fallen tree branch approached slowly knelt feet broken branch snake didn move olive colored garter snake bright yellow stripes eyes polished stones wondered snake seeing delicate head jade green mouth white tiny forked tongue flicked deep red snake sensed approach seeking cover spotted branch felt hidden stayed secret getting close small shy animals let find cover trying approach wild animals sensitive stalking takes practice patience reptiles fish mammals sense smell sharp snake needs sense smell find food sniff danger salmon smell bear water mile upstream
dennis looks dock live bottom sea dwell dark canyons drink sea tea pulls knee walk foot dennis asks things white top ocean black bottom ocean tease shouts dennis find need boat grapple net hat wouldn says father watch beaches storms tear loose sea bottom carry beaches leave dennis makes funny face sir asks look white suck breath beautiful makes skin tingle engine roars boat moves speeds sea dennis stands dock paw cries miss dennis jumps sand hides dock passes hiding makes feel worse taking care says loud crawls sunlight walks slowly home soft trade winds blow dawn awakens sea gulls call dog barks dennis looks window sky dark sea white storm dennis says catch picks empty box
mouse knew stay find eat jerky movements circled babies quick turn left nest hurrying snow tunnel moved trail led upward soon popped head snow looked black shiny eyes watched signs danger safe mouse tunnel ran foot pine tree sunlight sparkled white snow sudden flash red cardinal flew tree swooped meadow mouse sat front paws carefully cleaned snow coat fur looked kinds mice narrow pointed head head round sleek smooth body chunky small ears hairy tail legs short dark brown hair legs shorter shaggy coat fur looked bear mouse meadow mouse hungry summer food plentiful liked eat seeds roots berries favorite food sweet clover tender plants alfalfa snow deep food hard find winter early mouse storehouse seeds stuck nose crack tree
thank eyes mouse small thing hop beneath shadows sky won guide mountains jumping mouse told hopped rhythm bison hooves reached foot mountains animal plains stop eyes mouse cross mountains jumping mouse hope alive bye friend dug hole sleep morning jumping mouse woke cool breezes blew mountain peaks cautiously set direction coolness felt fur beneath paws jumped alarm sniffed air wolf froze terror happened gathered courage excuse jumping mouse traveling land tell wolf wolf finds nose mine longer smell happened asked jumping mouse proud lazy creature replied wolf misused gift smell lost
females give birth cubs january cubs hibernate sleep lot nurse sleep bear body temperature winter sleep temperature drops degrees bears fat stored bodies temperature high wonder bears temperature able warm reasons active energy goes keeping warm heart rate goes bear walking feeding heart beats times winter sleep heart beats times minute blood circulating bear roused bit lift head look sleepy kind heart rate increase heart beat faster bear birth cubs slowdown body needs bears heat warm heat saved words bears insulated helps sleeping places lines leaves grass winter nears hair grows hair comes thick full bear air trapped hairs
harry shouldered musket slapped thigh faced began walk post ten clock army full night boston assigned guard customs house feet clumped relieved sentry fell rank files march bellowed sergeant guard column marched post led sergeant horn lantern harry watched golden glow vanished corner queen street hours saw walked ten paces stopped stamped walked ten paces ordinary looking building boston customs house wasn proper government building rented concert hall commissioners met ah colonists harry thought tolerantly surveyed shadowy scene dark streets angled directions curved straight lights windows gentlemen sat late drinking madeira part boston slept october stars directly ahead harry looming roofs buildings crowned tall pole rose shoulder beacon hill sight lay boston common regiment encamped shallow inlet called bay boston harbor proper quarter mile wharf lay opposite side east boston blob shaped peninsula connected mainland narrow isthmus called boston neck
scuffling sound figure jabbed comes voice mimicked falsetto boy voice harry age guessed hey redcoat called redcoat catch lobster buy lobster handle redcoats don boys sure advancing steadily harry armed sticks apprentices lark moment retreat wisest course harry musket backed customs house doorway tormentors advanced directions look lobster running fight frenchmen lobster clod mud sailed air landed harry sleeve emboldened marksmanship darted forward brandishing stick harry waited chance indignant boy close harry ducked threatening stick bounced musket butt boy toes yelled dropping stick harry warned raising butt boy hobbled reach companions surged closer mood turning ugly dirty lobster wants home tax boston oyster shells flew harry easily busy boy darted forward snatch head
harry spread coins palm weeks soldiering payday start deducting hat smaller wasn going let yankees jolly try cow lane stealer mate replied drummer gamely obtaining directions passing local set route took part city houses smaller shops darker king street center town pretended troops hostility active turned heard open remarks rascally redcoats harry touched forehead asked woman find ropewalk sniffed turned answering put bleeding sign stealer grumbled look half writing boy read stealer schooling beat drum harry spent months dame school small left pointed buttons boxes stood regiment notices posted heading knew meant majesty regiment foot reading failed
stature tall short fat thin tall expect ma landlady threw hands sorry son hear let barracks green atkinson street ma handful molasses cookies promise eyes open behalf wandered middle king street ate booty wondering disheartening start quest denying hostile city sixteen thousand persons searching girl presence wasn sure face couldn remember pretty hopeless pretty hopeless nonetheless soon lose heart altogether taverns boston passed mrs cross king head queen head salutation ship swan swallowed molasses cookie headed north end twilight trudged green barracks tired cold wiser left days quartered city doggedly tavern coffee house inn george green dragon lamb red lion holland star arms white horse reminding chasing phantom girl exist boston
hope remained dead hours harry began feel stirring insisting heard heard girl mary lowe girl didn talk sufficiently lose appetite hunt tempting put search spring arrive winter frightful fling americans called blizzard nightmare combination gale force winds biting cold feet snow wasn gentle english spring chilly raw flighty faces suddenly cold hot boston awakened winter lethargy embarked proper business getting ships sea meat bakers hard bread block carvers worked press shipyards tempo hammers quickened sharply bottoms ways sailmakers argued rigging opinionated seamen anchor smiths delivered massive wares ox sledge ropewalk harry barrack window carts deal yelling apprentices asterisk cable think captain wait month dan nearly harry
wasn harry realized newcomer cross eyed glanced surreptitiously eye trying decide straight unfortunately young caught cheerfully pointing harry stammer embarrassed apology stranger aimed finger added soldier cleaned chimney yes sir justice dana lawyer glanced harry corporal charge young harry guilty indiscretion say sir corporal put taking spend black hole lack thing sir mean chimney yes sir civil offense army business punishing bless heart sir punished overcharging punished proper soldier proper menial sir degrading young gazed harry oddly caught upper nether millstones lad sir harry feeling started say changed mind smiled bye sorry bumping luck singularly attractive smile hurried harry thought looked troubled
turned fifteen guineas fifteen pounds orderly sergeant looked hard harry asking job discharge high save lads making bloody fools leaving service heard bleeding rot answer don re yes sir harry sneaked sergeant hundred fifteen shillings sum unattainable withdrawn leaving regiments share duty free earn hunting tirelessly free spending proceeds doughnuts gingerbread harry found amass shillings week twelve numerous ships unload earnings winter course average shillings week months save fifteen guineas months extra food discouraging asked wouldn put buying till found sukey put money advertising lawyer advised decided buy hunting thought gloomily exists
captain glanced cool contempt told patrol wait shipyard saw speak cauldron watching harry felt grudging pride small figure scarlet coat neat black ribboned queue sane orderly thing tormented victim imploring lunge captain drew shook head regretfully moment returned lovers liberty intend put poor wretch cart allow fellow ruffians treat applying feathers drag town public spectacle commented sergeant barry report main guard faced raucous hoot mob going redcoats dear mocking voice inquired feeling shame futility filled harry place calcutta bazaar street kingston british troops expected stand allow tortured god shan straight captain added grimly carroll report colonels seen say intend sweep south end yes sir marched south swing bridge king street
confined barracks shoulders healed sat garret window stared boston hating city fault lay torches tar feathers perpetual petitions content maybe wished bit food trembled captain wrath fitted loved army soldier boston want prosperity plenty eat freedom choice turned impossible bloody rogue earn buy plodding ox trust ability put cheek rough brick wall let misery burst dry shaking sobs tears didn care weep wasn allowed flow freely enjoying release absorbed wretchedness failed hear light footsteps mounting garret stairs crossing creaking boards hand laid neck don cry harry girl ear don give satisfaction rolled fast raw shoulders let
searched areas brawling recent weeks sign missing futile harry suppose chapman killed scrap killers chop hole harbor ice push sergeant body hours hole frozen sealed corpse till april thaw sooner harry finished fabricating thought saw corpse walking fish street tipped bit sideways showing tendency knock didn sergeant harry muttered jerking thumb turned recognized chapman instant lack injured major cried captain experience injured reeling drunk privates seized chapman dragged officers humiliation conclusion search laughingstock boston courtly softspoken colonel lighted chapman drill sergeant twenty hours answer speak brothel brothel half regiment looking corpse think failed report regiment play fool front boston
captain preston suddenly appeared mob gave bare glance turned stand stand duty business molest don home voice crowd retorted plainly home don home sally greeted chorus cheers ear splitting whistles immediately attack renewed fresh vigor dock square lead big negro sailor took swipe bayonets cudgel lobster scoundrels chanted bloody backs cut pieces slay boston loaded harry corporal wemyss low cover lad loaded double shot covering mob took cry fire fire fire damned don dare fire fire cowards fire damned captain preston glanced clash stop loading wrangling civilians sir look gentleman won offices persuade misguided return quietly homes intend fire captain means sir loaded precaution sir threatened
sukey didn want think face looking hurt quick seen misunderstanding cleared hard heels terrible news feel heard held head high bursting pride respect shame bearing brother joyous plans called murderer brutish killer innocent civilians poor sukey found pressed face bars trying wipe image staring growing light beginning fill streets hear excited tense buzzing craned neck king chapel bit tremont street alive women surging restlessly fro seeped jail courtyard stood staring upward harry ducked sight drew blanket telltale crimson uniform ashamed shame pushed returned window full daylight streets thronged finally tore wrapped blanket stretched late morning woke sitting staring blankly awake half shock
observe strike montgomery club thrown stroke stick club hand blow struck gun arm gun flew hand stooped fell blow struck arm hit body hit tall stout yes blow montgomery received oath violent yes sailor admitted violent hear threats knock kill didn saw violence witnesses concentrated soldiers gradually picture emerged brutal toughs jabbing clubbing peaceful citizens montgomery push bayonet struck left arm knocked gun recovered pushed pushed threw stick face fall montgomery fired yes saw townsmen fall think gun killed yes heard gun fell hancock wharf bells rang inquiry matter told soldiers risen inhabitants heard word fire damn bloods fire instantly gun
repeat conversation saw lingered ten died forgave shot satisfied malice fired defend quincy stood silence letting words echo courtroom moment comment resumed questioning harry thought surely ordeal end sabbath break barely witnesses summing silent sunday close decision end suspense part sat stared walls minds gummy words washing courtroom harry climbed table stared wintry scene snow december christmas christmas jailer voice harry heard visitor fifteen minutes visitor harry jumped ran corridor end cell trip weather held arms soon heard trial sukey salting snowflakes hood cloak kissed cheek lips cold outdoors
lads colonel stood proper twenty flying colors regiment proud thank sir corporal wemyss ordeal sink ordeal mind doubt outcome start boston contemptible lot lot moment give harry join yes sir job corporal tells young mccauley passing prison profitably lad future regiment thank sir join comrades lads luck deal hand shaking officers center grinning crowd privates tell girls yankees lads wouldn mind spot jail meself nice rest harry laughed joked mechanical process inside head knew didn belong anymore owed army big debt didn owe months boston jail days trial paid full
betty sun ran mother mother betty gym mother betty bus mother look girl betty look sad betty mother betty wish girl friend gym betty mother look girl bus look mat mat mother help betty ran girl mat girl jump betty help jump help mat mother betty home betty ran girl ran betty betty girl betty friend friend betty girl help betty betty help girl show friend mike greg play night read night moon mike says look moon
look says greg moon play tag greg says mike stars mad says greg mad says mike fun mike says greg run play tag night don play night brave mike looks stars look stars book says greg says mike brave look run play night stops quickly look mike says don says mike giant says greg run mike looks looks giant quickly says greg run giant don run says mike giant yes yes says greg giants big run quickly giant says mike moon look says greg giant mike brave giants says mike says greg books says mike book giants says greg yes says mike play tag mike greg giant
live full items built goods produced school manufactured bus traveled constructed road opened manufactured doors enter constructed building room lighted manufactured lighting fixtures receive electricity traveled constructed power lines reading manufactured book printed constructed factory contact products created production technology exactly production simply changing form materials usable added materials making trees common natural resource harvested cut thin sheets wood called veneer veneer glued form plywood plywood part house fig stage production material changed production involves major types activities shown fig production carried building factory called manufacturing production site product called construction production important reasons products easier live greater comfort production activities products production move place place cars airplanes shelter schools homes informed entertain books television
density measure weight portion size material size standard chosen give weight fixed amount volume typically density pounds square inch psi pounds square foot grams cubic centimeter densities materials compared red oak density pounds square foot lb sq ft ponderosa pine density lb sq ft red oak times dense pine say oak board weigh percent size pine board closely related density porosity relationship open space solid space material porous material generally lighter dense nonporous material fig porous material air heat insulator wood porous aluminum wood window frames insulate home aluminum frames live colder area true seen aluminum window frames frost inside final physical property surface texture fig terms smooth rough describe surface texture surfaces smooth need rough rough surface pair skies thermal means heat thermal properties relate material reaction temperature
fig flow chart steelmaking process study steps producing steel standard stock note environmental control systems step electric furnace seen fig recycle reuse steel scrap furnaces generally smaller basic oxygen furnaces high alloy steels produced output typically stainless tool specialty steels recently larger electric furnaces developed produce carbon steels molten steel steelmaking furnaces processed cast workable shape steel rolled final shape standard stock older mills cast ingot fig solid casting shaped later processes ingots cooled soaking pits solidify steel reheated rolling temperature modern mills continuous casting process pictured fig metal cast cut slabs fig hot slabs move directly rolling mills process saves large amounts energy fuel workers control centers fig oversee rolling processes processes shown fig change slabs shapes forest products start logs logs debarked bark removed enter mill fig mill move distinct paths lumber sheet materials lumber manufacturing process varies slightly according size log
thermosetting adhesives powders liquids cure chemical action curing action started adding water catalyst heat speed curing glue thermosetting glues resist heat water cabinet furniture type adhesive glue called contact cement polymer elastomers low strength attaching plastic laminates panels adhesives applied brush roll spraying adhesive set pot maximum applying clamping parts open finally parts clamped minimum period clamp characteristics vary glue technical data sheet manufacturer give information major techniques mechanical means mechanical fasteners mechanical force beginning chapter mechanical fasteners hold parts specific position endless types fasteners designed general special fasteners divided groups permanent shown fig groups permanent semipermanent temporary permanent fasteners meant installed left removed destroyed rivets common permanent fastener engineering materials properly installed rivet enlarged ends fig parts held force created setting forming straight end rivet
products start idea fig ideas start needs conceives thinks product need companies basic systems developing products pictured fig production approach product design stresses producing products design staff develops product produced quantity major advertising campaigns try convince need product high volume consumer goods developed production approach cosmetics soaps toothpaste designer clothing examples products approach doubtful large numbers asking electric pencil developed designed produced told advertising needed consumer approach identifies products need products produced system widely developing industrial goods fig boeing airplane company carefully collects data airlines design aircraft try include features requested airlines company asked boat builders casket makers kind sander need answer small machine sand curves small surfaces research led hand held oscillating sander recently products bought designed production approach growing competition caused companies consumer approach developing products hard balance needs customer strengths company customers need want products
custom manufacture generally requires skilled workers able read plans drawings specifications workers required set machines operate equipment worker checks quality fig custom manufacture expensive system manufacture workers skilled paid employees spend setting checking machines part actual production equipment low equipment needed part idle times set cost machine charged products cost charged product reasons custom manufacture chosen demand product low users willing pay added cost intermittent manufacturing products mass produced built large quantities intermittent means starting stopping intervals periods process starts completed stops later cycle repeated seen intermittent manufacture home member family baked batch cookies week later batch produced process baking activities separated period intermittent manufacture primary secondary processing
information chapter enable list describe main types advertisements list explain functions advertisement give basic steps creating advertisement list functions package give basic steps designing package list describe types plastic packages main considerations selecting package discuss important design considerations package graphics purchases require choice product promotion enters scene designed encourage sales promotion influences customer select product advertisement fig product promotion ways important methods advertising packaging attract attention advertising message person actually message print electronic means read view listen customers decide receive message control basically types advertisements fig ads designed promote company idea product advertisements try think advertisements promote company image idea public service advertisements stress ideas want public act advertisements designed protect environment improve health standards increase donations fig typical idea ads promote forest fire prevention seat belts giving charity
owners close company want enter voluntary dissolution file form dissolve corporation called certificate dissolution articles dissolution voluntary dissolution caused company losing money owners close company fails dissatisfaction company reason owners feel money close business sell assets money invested companies forced dissolve court order close assets sold raise money main reasons involuntary dissolution inability pay debts bankruptcy dishonest financial activity fraud criminal acts loss charter refuses renew charter illegal activity dissolving company orderly activity major tasks completed filing proper legal documents closing operations selling corporate assets distributing company money legal documents start dissolution company officers file certificate dissolution document approved stockholders tells owners closing company corporation starting voluntary dissolution company receive court order legal system court close company action started lawsuit creditors owed money demand payment company able meet demand corporation files bankruptcy
public projects funded local federal taxes purpose public projects benefit general public person firm person firm gains plan build service project paid schools highways sewers water treatment plants public projects public projects initiated help economic growth city area fig shows street closed walking mall fig shows airport public business tends cities schools streets transportation utility systems parks mayors city councils initiate public projects help economic growth public projects times mandated forced regulatory authorities regulatory authority sets standards city company follow board health quality water poor water treatment plant mandated group citizens initiate project group file civil action threaten city stream smells bad action result initiation wastewater treatment plant project initiator tries support publicity inform benefits project public hearing called meeting initiator states reasons project built takes lot gain support public projects step select professional group
concern sure project workers guides based thoughts longer takes complete project costs idle workers paid busy workers schedule ready person charge project directs worker told needs worker told spade dig hole ft ft wide ft deep location hole marked instructions hole straight sides loose dirt hole explain hole meet standards task leader control means seeing finished fig supervisor checking size window purpose sure making sure matches drawings specifications reason check give worker feedback job harder boss likes construction firm builds project manage activity areas areas engineering building marketing financial affairs labor relations
cold weather fresh concrete warm warming materials covering completed job moist sprinkling coverings concrete requires steps preparing placing finishing curing forms subgrade concrete properly prepared fig forms leveled braced clean tight fresh concrete contained reinforcing place subgrade correct distance subgrade correct elevation porous material compacted moist moist subgrade soak water fresh concrete concrete final location fig moving fresh concrete hard aggregate segregate means coarse fine particles tend separate concrete finishing begins surface struck straightedge straightedge moved top forms levels smooths concrete fig edging jointing follows edges rounded stronger joints control cracking floating push large rocks prepare surface final finish ft board metal plate final finishing steel trowels brooms tools steel trowels produce smooth finish
excavating soil need stabilized stabilized soil cave soil removed cave ins injure damage machines cave extra cave soil removed repairs machines site needed digging large holes damage buildings nearby buildings put pressure soil footings crack damage buildings problem worst nearby buildings shallow footings footings slide hole builders ways prevent cave ins put slope sides holes means space retaining walls reduce danger digging large holes retaining walls support soil holes fig walls involving sheathing bracing shoring coffer dams fig water holes steel sheathing driven soil pieces sheathing joined seal water water seeps pumped sheathing held place bracing shoring hard earth loosened rock blasted fig frozen hard rocky soil ripped fig steel prongs pulled soil prong plow ft soil ripping deep purpose loosen soil cm deep
information chapter enable describe finishing trades designing professions describe paint types painting methods list materials covering walls tell lay floor tiles hardwood flooring resilient flooring choose tools cut moldings caulking materials compare rough finishing utilities recognize types temporary walls tell lift furniture properly finish house highway plant inside structure finished finish includes jobs trimming painting decorating installing painting protects structure wear weather painted surface easy maintain surface covered paint called decorating trimming covers cracks seals structure weather installing involves placing connecting testing equipment fixtures improvement appearance goal finishing classifications finish reasons appearance protection usefulness appearance office building factory finished projects protected weather drafty leak water finished structures longer finish project installed equipment makes building easy examples finish refer fig installed items protected surfaces climate pleasant surfaces easy maintain
inspections construction officials started looking set plans plans approved building permit issued inspection continued construction plans specifications fig final inspection transferring project inspections completely end final inspection relates building project public health fire insurance inspection continue entire lifetime structure fig main groups inspections public officials project designers lenders owners suppliers inspectors qualified fig qualified help jobs person inspecting plumbing plumbing meaning person order connecting pipe fittings workers contractors public officials designers lenders owners inspect workers responsible finding defects early check pride future employment depends contractors satisfy contract fig paid cheaper job errors contractors want find early leaky pipes easier fix covered future contracts depend past reason contractors try problems public officials concerned public safety fig structure strong materials size methods checked public officials
balance vary job accountants information machines computers aid information process important resource information contrast labor relations officer works machines limited information base interaction employees important jobs machines fig information helps employee machines correctly contact limited skill machines process materials important choosing career path consider resources jobs emphasize area examples resources jobs specific skill requirements workers information things product designers elements design able sketch build models communicate typical skills shown fig person needs develop open door careers finally consider job future job areas growing rapidly disappearing jobs requiring training disappearing service gasoline stations require fewer employees older stations fast food restaurants fewer workers automation rapidly replacing typical production worker jobs special abilities show promise computer skills demand
ago began fashion hand tools specific purposes starting technological road lead greater mastery environment big advance control fire later ago agriculture recent sowing crops domestication animals widespread mere ago tools invented cutting grasses grain grinding corn technologies based metals date ago bc civilized societies advancing rapidly skilled smiths artisans working copper silver gold ivory glass basic tools writing arithmetic common wheel soon remained unknown ancient egypt pyramid building period bc large ships able navigate sight land animals pull plows carry loads basic inventions horseshoe efficient harness heavy plow mature ad rudimentary understanding metallurgy iron turned flawless steel generation power waterwheels windmills treadmill fall roman empire center progress shifted east arabs chinese races advances chemistry mathematics astronomy engineering
car cumbersome steam driven wheeler built nicholas early mechanically propelled road vehicles steam engines heavy unwieldy slow needed coal rarely wood journey started hour needed petroleum availability price pollution factors steam car enjoyed rebirth soon disappeared attractive economic electric car failed attract buyers overwhelmingly gasoline fuel car young alive today alternative energy sources early cars called horseless carriages natural base carriage large narrow wheels crude steel leaf springs high wooden body giant oil acetylene brass lamps denounced inventions devil noisy bellowing smoking monsters invariably attracted mob jeering onlookers substance protests beginning motor car tires rubber solid pneumatic variety pulled granite roads surfaced roads break beginning century roads europe united states disintegrating white dust mud response repress driver local taxes imposed
railroads biggest fixed transportation sense unlike roads exert commanding influence vehicles run immense worldwide system greater potential suspected ago importance disadvantage system large impossible replace existence acts deterrent change national rail systems demonstrated refused support alternative forms high speed guided transportation system compatible existing track concept railroad older steam locomotive crude systems industrial european countries ago advantage chiefly wheel running smooth hard surface sinks microscopic amount smoother ride suffers friction rolling unprepared earth rough unpaved road clearly demonstrated york rails laid streets horse drawn began operation horse pull double number passengers previously ride smooth comfortable comparison existing city streets compared rough country roads commercial railroads early century offered immense advantages heavier loads carried hills avoided higher speeds attained
sailors learned rudimentary open sea navigation thousand ago heading vessel correctly relation changing position sun ago arabs laid foundation worked detailed navigation charts based stars sun moon required accomplishment ship master optical instrument called sextant equipped mirrors axis spirit level exact direction azimuth height horizon elevation heavenly body compared precise allow ship position read table latitude longitude basic method based measuring direction coastal objects fixed marks buoys calculations dead reckoning give approximate positions plotted intervals chart early century radio stations began navigational purposes rotating large aerials form pivoted rings wire rotation brought correct wavelength received signal maximum direction finding bearing gave position line hopefully crossing point gave fix war ii radio navigation aids greatly refined exists widely family systems emitting pulses continuous waves master slave stations fixed land sites give stationary pattern interference atmosphere
november jacques etienne joseph michel montgolfier fly hot air balloon launched france subsequently balloonists tried rowing oars rudder proper travel air begin frenchman aloft airship september experimenters toying heavier air flying machines german otto lilienthal glides hillsides order learn control machine american brothers wilbur orville wright methodical research solved vital problem control flew gliders conclusions built engine flew airplane december german count von zeppelin building airships able carry freight passengers airline carried passengers crew injury flights central europe flying boat operated short lived scheduled service tampa bay florida aviators flown seaplanes flying boats gliders primitive helicopters engine airplanes successful landings platforms mounted ships scheduled passenger flights traced august erratic unreliable services began london le paris converted bombers carrying passengers swathed greatcoats scarves goggles operations extremely difficult grossly number airlines gradually rationalized equipment improved
countries general aviation ga growing rapidly sector industry ga includes aviation civil airlines military equipment light club private aircraft number single seat sail planes hang gliders army machines include replicas early flying machines famous types wars vital sector ga aircraft operated business houses charter operators photography special operators ga fulfills police functions customs border patrol plays major part development modern agriculture privately owned aircraft predominantly single engine entire market dominated piston engines american companies continental engines horizontally opposed cylinders called flat flat types increasingly fitted direct fuel injection carburetor small growing proportion exhaust driven maintain full power high altitude result increasing cost conscious ga market engine powers range hp bizarre home built machines replicas virtually nonagricultural ga airplanes clean comfortable furnished cabins increasing attention paid provision comprehensive instrumentation aviation electronics radio landing aids autopilot safe flight instrument flight rules ifr cloud bad weather
similar principle types security systems beam infrared visible light avoid alerting intruder maintains current turn prevents alarm sounding beam broken current interrupted alarm triggered common photography simple relationship intensity light strength current produces makes ideal means measuring lighting conditions calculating photographic exposures sophisticated metering systems cameras linked systems instantly adjust shutter speeds apertures provide perfect photographs photographer frame subject press trigger systems arranged camera lens light measured exactly illumination lens film receives television movies plays vital role television cameras mosaic photoelectric cells main lens order change initial optical image subject electron image electrons emitted mosaic numbers proportional intensity light falling means bright areas subject generate electrons darker areas information electron image transformed turn pattern positive charges glass plate situated
tree falls forest hear sound question puzzled philosophers scientist answer simple yes depends meant sound sound regarded sensation transmitted brain eardrums tree certainly falls silence sound physical vibration air causing sensation sound heard distinct interpretations word sound important field influence physical effect sound basically transfer energy place according scientific laws contrast sensation sound difficult pin exact scientific laws sound adds dimension experience sensation sight express complex ideas feelings language music form noise power destroy concentration health sound waves generated object vibrates air medium capable transmitting vibration object forward motion air front compressed backward motion air rarefied course forward motion object generates series alternate rarefied compressed layers air move speed sound
process mix substances industrial consumer products mixed normal mechanical stirring achieve problem difficult mixtures required substances oil water cavitation produced ultrasound proved answer homogenize substances wide range ingredients oil water converted emulsion fine mixture forms basis modern paints ultrasonic mixers play important roles manufacturing cosmetics polishes pharmaceutical preparations ultrasound welding scientists baffled physical principles involved technique practical success metal surfaces welded pressed gentle pressure vibrate ultrasonic frequency heat preparation metal required surfaces bond perfectly technique standard kinds welding jobs diverse huge aluminum heat industrial plants microelectronics tiny circuit elements spot welded equally baffling scientists ultrasonic drill equipment required straightforward drill bit cross section vibrate ultrasonic frequency applied directly material drilled acts kind abrasive sludge
fusion exact opposite fission atom splitting fragments atoms merge form single atom heavier element process tiny fraction mass atoms converted directly energy common fusion reaction universe involves lightest elements hydrogen nuclei hydrogen atoms fuse form atom heavier element helium process millionth pound hydrogen mass converted energy equivalent burning ton coal key producing controlled fusion reaction earth find generating maintaining high temperatures order millions degrees centigrade fusion place means heating fuel loss heat fusion reaction start energy releases sustain temperature problems solved fusion reactors convenient fission counterparts producing power radioactive waste fusion reactors reassuringly safe operation fault developed reaction simply achieving high starting temperature needed fusion existing technology technique giant multiple laser recent american device called operation
greatest revolution materials recent development plastics scientific research produced plastics barely manufacture industries fact hard imagine today plastics seemingly limitless variety properties shapes colors plastic widely materials history essential difference plastics common materials salt water sugar structure molecules plastics molecules known polymers chains consisting carbon atoms attached atoms hydrogen oxygen nitrogen individual molecular units chain called monomers process linking chain giant molecules known polymerization understanding chemical mechanism makes happen keys plastics revolution polymers nature known centuries natural waxes resins ancient egyptians cosmetics formal seals crude adhesives known natural polymers today rubber latex tapped bark rubber tree important application rubber devised scotsman charles macintosh dissolved raw rubber sandwiched layers cloth creating raincoat fabric bears breakthrough turned rubber modern material
century inventors tried harness energy exploding cartridge operate gun mechanism load round american inventor richard gatling bypassed problem building gun complete barrels later gatling guns frame rotated hand crank rapid fire guns true automatic powered gun simple task harness forces minute fraction propellant burns form times free volume gas temperatures white heat pressure inside cartridge case instantaneously rises tons square inch brass case fits accurately inside strong gun breech rupture endangering user jamming gun successful automatic sir hiram maxim gun mass produced vickers machine gun british army remained service fed rifle type rounds inserted fabric belt withdrawn oscillating bolt front face bolt pulled round slid barrel rammed breech released firing pin hit percussion cap force gas pressure inside base cartridge thrust rearward extracting round belt ejecting empty case underneath
early scientific forecasters satellites spacecraft achievements practical proposition pointed rocket rising earth greater greater velocity speed exactly calculated mass fall escape earth gravitational field entirely visionary saw possibility rising atmosphere rocket turned fly parallel planet surface beneath eventually reach speed calculated mph remain circling earth forever need propulsion behave exactly moon ways picturing motion satellite mass small compared primary body case earth mass large moon position slightly complicated fact mass influences motion earth moon form mass system bodies rotating center rotation considerably displaced center earth artificial satellite difference masses assumed manmade device rotates exactly earth center regarded body continuously freefall unable closer planet surface continually curving rate satellite accelerates
earth nearest neighbor moon obvious early subject space exploration russian lunik flew moon lunik hit surface lunik took pictures hitherto unseen side failed complete missions united states pioneer series likewise successes ranger program failures ranger launched january hoping tv pictures drop small instrument capsule moon surface ranger launched middle pictures obtained minutes impact sea clouds rangers pictures boosting confidence planning future missions february soviet union landed craft luna moon surface pound spacecraft complete soft landing ejected small pound capsule ocean storms bounced rolled short distance capsule righting opened petals stand upright erected aerials began taking tv pictures radiation measures luna later studied lunar soil found low density united states intention put moon end decade greatly accelerated lunar research major project surveyor built hughes aircraft robot stations designed moon basic design resembled smaller version lander planned moon
non technologists technology problems controversies successes invariably unvarnished success judged news mass media applied technology end products uncontroversial successes headlines successes tend forgotten attention focuses controversies small important minority technical capability expanded consequences developments loomed larger midway century able exterminate forms earth rendering planet uninhabitable nuclear chemical biological weapons destroy times founded warnings pollution genetic manipulation unemployment caused automation familiar ears listen difficulty lies deciding priorities technological development controlled thermonuclear power greatest boons mankind laymen jump conclusion allowed happen convinced thermonuclear power safely controlled repeated volume technical discovery merely fresh options previously possess nuclear power greatest benefits oil reserves dry enable maintain improve prosperity earth impressive safety record known number workers killed atomic energy war ii counted fingers hands
tom judy discussing health class school tom remarked health junior high thought drag brushing teeth smoking bad don judy smiled lighting school sure smoke tom replied kids beer tried pot harm think re fun judy didn argue point thought maybe tom kids needed course health young tom attitude course health doubts class prepared tune hope tune health give chance course health fascinating subject unique individual exactly common young age study health help understand help understand occurring body mind problems raising help look observe behavior react events
reach decision solve problem making choice affect future decide movies tonight homework climate tomorrow classes changed considerably minor decision course faced important decisions choose going going college trying combine help learned decisions chapter learn ways proved successful making important decisions ways call skills learned skills improve practice study gain confidence ability judgments confidence pride grow develop ability decisions solve problems end chapter able recognize problem decision situation point differences easy complex decisions identify steps making complex decisions begin decision making problem solving processes personal points think making decisions steps follow reach decisions ideas covered discussions follow feel believe school
decisions thrust decision person judgment alternatives jackie works southern furniture company employer civic minded heads charity drives drive announced jackie boss circulates memo employees asking support employees required contribute failure kindly jackie upset contributes feels forced decisions related circumstances vacuum response events key dealing forced decisions continue search solutions decision making involves predicting outcomes inaccurate predictions risk faulty decision greatly increased possibility tempted select favored choice attached favorite alternative change mind closed mind don confuse facts going grant faced deciding expand business alternative borrow funds loan involves paying high interest financial difficulties result product demand increase evidence demand expand rapidly business conditions improve alternative involves taking partner investment expansion ms grant realizes finding partner easy
pricing decisions complicated think fact important decisions managers pricing decisions price product unit service sold types customers charged special pricing based quantity purchased cash payment credit prices changed season production product limited order push sale products services general prices determined costs company objectives pricing competitors johnson runs popcorn stand lobby pratt building price charges things account rent paid pay license fee popcorn seasoning bags electricity cost money finally universal department stores follow pricing policy price merchandise unsold end months reduced percent merchandise unsold end months reduced total percent months unsold merchandise bargain basement sold cost ace shoe company manufactures athletic shoes price lines expensive model prominently displayed shoe stores company makes profit line tennis coach springdale high feels ace basic model cheaper
success means things high school student struggling daily assignments english social studies subjects means thing graduate seeking place means adult looking direction purpose means ingredients common success want abilities want money things money brings want comfortable home food clothing modern conveniences interesting vacations security want admiration respect friends workers want interesting pleasant place want things possibly question willing drive ambition talent achieve success young natural ability create things say talent aptitude knack joe knack shooting baskets mary knack telling stories born ready play violin solve mathematical problems paint pictures hit baseball lucky mean set careers needed succeed shot spend hours violin brush bat hand poring complex math problems
community junior colleges schools schools supported community county colleges prepare occupation credits transferred program typical program lasts leads associate degree number programs completed colleges universities offer programs leading bachelor degree devoted chiefly improving general skills speaking writing mathematics working ideas student concentrates special field study referred major selection easier career opportunities brought groups called clusters careers related common included interest cluster cluster arrangement frequently prepared departments united states government listing appears dictionary occupational titles dot information found occupational outlook handbook handbook number interest clusters vary recent government publications list interest clusters headings sort umbrella covers group occupations industrial production cluster includes foundry machine printing related occupations groups broken subgroups printing occupations group includes job opportunities press operators book binders bindery workers
age check qualify job considering qualify apply receive permit age certificate turned employer start permit age certificate office county school superintendent areas papers issued high school principal local office labor department job applications interviews asked submit references references names addresses asked qualifications prepare list willing act references list references persons provide meaningful information earlier job ask employer reference present teachers school administrators references business community leaders professional religious leaders acceptable sure contact person wish reference permission person agreed reference important tools job search campaign resume resume french word meaning summary precisely summary information job seeker competing market labor market
credit cards issued customers opened charge accounts card serves customer identification speed charge process furniture store janice visited sell major items installment sales contract plan spreads payment purchase month period finance charge added purchase price total amount cost finance charge spread contract period seller required law effective annual interest represented finance charge included borrowing note signed customer janice learned hazards buying installment contract merchant repossess items buyer fails payments schedule janice decided getting cash loan bank banker installment cash loans janice complete application form figure information provided banker chance assess applicant financial status needs installment loans borrower wishes spread repayment months interest charged outstanding balance month borrower repay loan single payment promissory note answer promissory note formal promise repay amount loan future date loans periods days promissory note shown figure
let start lower price cents low price buyers willing purchase candy bars unfortunately candy bar makers offer bars cents demand candy bars greater supply arrow pointing column shows price rise cents buyers want purchase bars sellers offer shortage shortage happen price finally price moves cents price consumers buy sellers offer column shows shortage surplus call price cents market price term market price price market cleared cents consumer demand balances business supply answer question allocate limited resources attempt satisfy unlimited wants capitalistic free enterprise system market law demand law supply interact market interact price moves market cleared market important allocation goods services call system market system recall demand supply schedules separately ready put figure numbers earlier demand supply schedules
preferred stockholders voting rights claim profits set rate dividends say share solar gains profit preferred stockholders receive shares profit remains board directors decides reinvest part pay part dividends profits common stockholder called shareholder dividend dividends payments shareholders profits return money invested corporation approach raising money brown foster try sell bonds unlike stocks bonds loan ownership bonds frequently denominations case principal loan bondholder receives specific rate interest months unlike case stockholders interest paid corporation makes profit default paying result legal suit bonds issued periods maturity date bond due principal paid corporation successful bondholders smallest rate return money run risk brown foster decided form corporation sell securities stocks bonds think immediately york stock exchange typical business approximately million shares stock bought sold market
realistic taxes ability pay principle principle wealth income increases person ability pay taxes increases rapidly let works family income spends necessities taxed family buy cheaper clothing eat meat family income give necessities recreation luxury items extra reduce family savings affect living standards principle ability pay carried extreme hurt mid york needed raise considerably revenue ability pay principle tax rates wealthiest higher caused number big businesses wealthy move connecticut jersey states income tax soaking rich drive rich force middle class difference raising tax rates addition fairness factors considered tax levied method determining approximate yield tax tax provide amount revenue expect tax convenient collect cost administering low
economists concept competition noted call perfect pure competition requires economists businesspersons government officials recognize markets modern perfect competition legally theoretically enter market automobile manufacturing practically business patent clearances billion capital rules perfect competition workable competition criteria firms able move market firm group firms allowed dominate market controlling production price firms try increase efficiency purchasing modern equipment profits greatly higher industries period late nineteenth century costly factories machinery introduced number industries firms entered markets cost largest existing firms frequently divide markets scheme called pooling form large company called trust exchanging stock trust certificates set prices higher market prices restricting production scheme called price collusion form holding companies holding company firm controls firms manipulating stock companies public angry trust movement demanded bring competition
appearance statement enter room statement important appearance encourage continue relationship poor appearance end relationship chance display personal qualities appearance expressing nonverbal saying shouted top voice chapter focus personal appearance contribution feelings pride success completed chapter able discuss requirements appearance proud describe personal grooming habits acceptable business appreciate proper posture poise image wish display clothing selections enhance personal appearance understand ways colorful play parts lives child teenager adult dreamer citizen student part play important worker stage call business learn phases part expected perform betty thompson young woman worked department store understood part play alarm rang shaking betty sound sleep automatically hand reached hit button stop clanging looking clock saw morning
table jobs data processing jobs category generally involve operating computer peripheral equipment clerical tasks required schedule control flow handled center data entry operators data source documents prepare entry system computer operators check manually control operation computer control panel console typewriter care problems displayed console monitor lights console typewriter peripheral equipment operators responsible operating input output devices set oversee operation tape drives magnetic disk drives printers recall devices enter data computer devices provide output punched cards magnetic tapes magnetic disks printed reports operations personnel perform clerical tasks needed track data processing activities keeps record status job tasks completed control clerk reviews output sure satisfies needs user production coordinator responsible smooth flow production makes sure equipment fully utilized jobs schedule operations librarian responsible cataloging storing tapes cards media supply clerk sees supplies personnel center positions operations clerical category open high school graduates keyboarding general clerical training
organizations word processing systems unfavorable reactions employees complained personal contact idea originators fact management secretarial workers missed working team transcribers word processing centers handle correspondence getting vocabularies difficult secretaries found specialized monotonous machines secretaries saw advantages word processing system care details secretary specialize copy produced specialized machines prepared standard electric typewriters team pride developed greatest incentive chance promotion office organization text processed large word processing center telephone tape diskette carried messenger typed proofread originator corrections copy returned originator signature help persons travel deal portable units dictation traveler mailed word processing center awaits traveler return traveler allowed call center dictate message directly system electronic typewriters called memory typewriters basic machine word processing centers
summer spanish ships sailed cuba explore florida franciscan friars aboard hoped convert indians word god rest hundred dreamed wealth found death tragedy result poor leadership advice captains governor de led soldiers inland directing ships meet army farther north soldiers saw ships beset poisonous snakes insects treacherous swamps hostile indians spaniards struggled north west indian attacks slaughtered precious horses hides build crude boats barges pushed mexico separated storm mouth mississippi river hurricane drove surviving barges ashore galveston texas futile attempt launch salvaged barge lost clothing tools weapons meager supplies sickness starvation indians diminished survivors alvar nunez cabeza de alonso del castillo maldonado andres negro slave esteban hundred lived assumed roles medicine blessings prayers castillo de cured indians cures miraculous spaniards believed illnesses imaginary brought fear witches spirits patients easily imagined cured gods rising sun
trotted pace esteban stride leaving soon esteban glanced share fires tried grinned esteban rumbling laughter bring share cook don hold friendship highly consider friends especially disagreeable don castillo gentle healer weak country weakling cabeza de commanded respect friendship esteban esteban miss today cabeza de speak speak thoughts eaten eat end hard winter stopped briefly father hut waiting bask mother pleasure game brought sight hungry villagers gave feeling guilt remembered owed spaniards lizards begin pay winter helped prepare meal esteban hut took deep breath asked country feasts sun struggling esteban laughed thought forgotten
listened murmured words cut wide strip front flap loincloth punched holes edges bone awl carefully sewed strip pouch thread thongs cut loincloth thongs cut slow finished slaves left rose stretched beard prophet esteban stared loincloth glanced strip deerskin ran legs draped tied waist ends hung front knees front panel hand breadth stretch loose altogether needed deerskin hungry ay yi naked reach mexico chasing hills screaming strip loincloth rolled eyes upward mock horror grinned spite esteban flaps disgrace sit considered hacked loincloth need medicine bag home need strong medicine began gather big head nodded solemnly
shelter open sides desert breeze roof thin sticks provided shade family sleep comfortably heat sat crosslegged fingers working clumsily yucca fiber esteban sprawled side woman skillfully stitched round flat basket leaned correct sigh uneven stitches largest prosperous village found travel country quietest sick working night help break strange fever castillo shelter dipped gourd water jar goes esteban asked goes cases yesterday morning sun tomorrow god murmured esteban spaniard hurried repeated words sigh glad recovering sorry move stay learned want wonderful winter houses knew things measured string sandal sole foot large show finish aunt maria
brother poked bald head kitchen fray marcos wants boy brother give lad eat contemplate god word empty stomach keeps interrupting thoughts bit tortilla scooped mouthful chili gulped stared longingly dishes ready mexico learn god save spirit misfortune important food sighed brother grumbled rushing lad meal eaten vespers lad pressed round cakes hand yam cakes sweetened honey flavored vanilla lime grinned delight ah pleasure enjoys food thousand thanks murmured shyly hairless brother corridor marveled smooth stone floor beneath sandals cloth draping walls heavy carved furniture room wondered able find kitchen brother pushed gently door thin hollow coarse gray robe beckoned step forward fray marcos de niza cabeza de tells speak spanish nodded medicine powerful spanish god
true buffalo taught hunt humped cows learned hunt mutton tortillas chocolate foolish turned heel stalked pile hay waiting esteban learned things repeated loudly things learned buffalo things kicked hay offered resistance anger mounted esteban spoil things saying wish hear mexico stay mexico shouted words hang air repeating peal bells stared friend wished words safely mouth seen dark face frozen anger fearfully edged backward promised voice flat menacing whispered promised mirth esteban glittering smile sure promises wanted deny frightened friend anger speak esteban stood glaring space lost thoughts edged hesitated esteban softly answer slowly picked stable litter looked gate
easily guide fray marcos aunt maria village esteban won friendship indians esteban esteban trouble persuading aunt maria husband guide fray marcos cibola sure risk journey mission fail bitterly reach cibola shaft esteban hand snapped tossed fire mind follows trail follows trail follow trail father surprised answer cibola esteban desertion father send mexico learn spanish god overcome spirit misfortune tried ignore uneasy stirring guilt follow trail follow stomach dangle brother kitchen nose sit dog meat drying rack dog remain promise food fear esteban heightened anger guilt raised defense true shouted things learn sure learned manners don learned fawn flatter power barter favor
spent planning say walk say aunt maria husband sounded spanish soldier say understand deserted hold anger shook head sounded fray marcos apologize demand aunt maria husband practiced phrases finally walked cookfire looked friend face goes esteban familiar grin creased dark face goes venison dropped ground accepted food eagerly months mexico aunt maria husband walked edge firelight remembered esteban going buffalo dark head nodded told fray marcos afraid follow order return esteban broken word didn order master effect slave desertion thousand thanks aunt maria husband guide cibola fidgeted silence esteban going refuse carry buffalo esteban guide fray marcos cibola
boy heathens killed lad hard travel god answered return esteban shown wanted freedom spaniards buffalo word finished mission brother saw pleas effect tried load food boy possibly carry walked plaza crowd shuffling arena bullfights esteban tried describe fights imagine chased buffalo stood empty plaza remembering seen esteban pantomime trumpets blared arena crowd cheered esteban entering plaza mincing bowing buffalo robe shoulder trumpets cheers esteban buffalo hunter saw clearly center plaza swinging robe thrusting stone knife buffalo sprawling stones kicking legs buffalo rise sat dusted paving lay sleep ole ole rose arena
born live die mrs died week eighty shared children grandchildren grandchild mrs principal harris park elementary school taught grade loved moment children began read children loved mrs finished working retired occupied reading taking walks playing guitar started write books young children enjoyed reading boys girls neighborhood visited family happy played grandson david die lived death part human beings die living bodies gradually wearing parts body break slowly aging process begins birth children bodies deal growing breaking adults bodies growing start break rapidly end aging process body longer going die live live chance accomplish things important
dying scientists happens body beliefs happens spirit spirit person body spirit called soul soul thoughts wishes feelings person qualities person wondered spirit death parts question answered differently today religious christians believe soul lives happily heaven dwell presence god moslems similar idea death soul religious jews share belief emphasize death eastern religions hinduism belief afterlife soul death part circle includes dying born earth soul continue person living creature idea called reincarnation held religion addition backgrounds think soul exists person dies person family plans funeral funeral saying final bye person dead seen earth
country die cases bodies buried burial body put box called casket earth special pieces land set purpose known cemeteries cremation heat reduce body ashes ashes scattered earth sea place person enjoyed alive put urn burial cemetery countries customs spain earth ground vertical rows parts india bodies ravine covered stones nigeria prefer buried land relatives died bodies scattered ashes part earth process called decomposition decomposition nourishes soil helps feed plants animals live earth dead contribute cycle universe feel ways person love dies find hard believe person dead want eat tired unable sleep body ache feel empty inside feel sad lonely want ride bike visit friends
columbus died discoveries recognized spain energetically exploring colonizing plundering spanish governor cuba wanted establish trading post mexican coast local mexican authorities reluctant hernando cortes landed mexico vera cruz sixteen horses fought feet valley mexico island large lake aztec capital tenochtitlan known mexico city defeated emperor montezuma sacked city spain supreme ruler mexico reason spanish successful guns indians reason indians died diseases explorers brought indians experience smallpox childhood diseases measles whooping cough spanish brought germs indians died millions fifty spanish invasion population mexico reduced tenth energy greed sheer physical strength conquistadors conquerors spain astounding francisco pizarro invaded peru scaled mighty andes conquered inca empire silver mines granada present colombia quick succession expeditions search treasure dispatched north mexico panfilo de led party florida west gulf coast
spain monopoly sank english channel invincible armada victory england entered competition colonies english started slowly notion making money colonization centuries england established managed highly profitable string american colonies primary purpose american colonies benefit power wealth britain colonies england questioned fundamental idea mercantilism economic system eagerly european countries colonies mercantilism refers literally trading commercial activities theory mercantilism held greater nation wealth greater political military power wealth measured terms silver gold nation treasury obvious enriching country simply hold large stores gold silver discovery central south america large deposits gold silver helped spain powerful nation europe ounces gold mined south america spain paid imports war debts gold silver precious metals streamed europe allowing countries accumulate ways getting gold silver major trading
scientists began unlocking secrets natural human reason inevitable apply kind logic analyzing human society law nature reasoned laws humans part nature thinker englishman john locke essay concerning human understanding published locke declared god provided laws natural rights human run smoothly physical natural rights god humanity liberty property property paramount farmer plows plants piece land locke argued putting nature farmer land locke argued order feed clothe person body form property kills person stealing person property locke believed originally lived sort government nature completely free restraint weak mercy strong order exercise god rights interference chose ruler agreement exchange ruler protection natural rights agreed obey ruler
president vice president civil officers united states removed office impeachment conviction treason bribery high crimes misdemeanors president andrew johnson impeached house tried senate thirds majority senators vote guilty remained president president richard nixon resigned impeached constitution devotes fewer words judicial branch branches branch powerful judicial power united states vested supreme court inferior courts congress ordain establish judges supreme inferior courts hold offices behavior stated times receive services compensation diminished continuance office constitution keeps courts independent president congress judges impeached convicted hold jobs protects judge dismissed president presidents tried change membership supreme court jefferson attempted impeachment samuel chase later franklin roosevelt attempted place additional members bench president successful judicial power extend cases law equity arising constitution laws united states treaties authority cases affecting ambassadors public ministers consuls cases admiralty maritime jurisdiction controversies united states party controversies states citizens citizens states citizens claiming lands grants states citizens thereof foreign states citizens subjects
jefferson angry decisions marshall court feared federal judiciary gaining power expense governments jefferson responsible tremendous expansion federal territory power centuries valleys ohio cumberland tennessee rivers hunting grounds shawnee iroquois white settlers cleared homesteads area kentucky tennessee vermont part united states main gateway west cumberland gap appalachian mountains gap located kentucky tennessee virginia natural break appalachians discovered leadership woodsman daniel boone group thirty cleared continuous road gap eastern tennessee louisville kentucky picked woodland paths joined trails beaten wandering bison rolled rocks hacked forest brush finished wilderness road miles journeyed foot horseback wilderness road graded fit wagons west louisville water traveling light paddled birchbark canoe families generally kentucky ark roofed barge large carry household goods grain hay livestock
assumed monroe run term largely washington monroe heir apparent john quincy adams traditional secretary succeed presidency adams candidacy challenged rising politicians adams political party assumed republican federalist party dead era feelings william crawford georgia personally attractive claimed true heir thomas jefferson kentucky henry clay built political power base speaker house representatives broad popular american system read chapter andrew jackson tennessee overnight hero battle orleans public eye exploits florida popularity sectional interests national issues dominated campaign war hero won popular polls lost election jackson received largest number popular votes largest number electoral college electoral majority election house representatives clay number electoral votes thrown running terms twelfth amendment crawford suffered stroke contest struggle jackson supporters representatives favored adams
civil war brought lives millions american women sides left run plantations farms american women completely jobs dealt women found wartime factories especially north sewing traditional task women home women took sewing jobs factories making uniforms army paid low wages seventeen twenty cents fifteen hour supervised hours low pay clearly unfair women organized protest organizations success won deal sympathy york middle class women organized protective union provide women workers free legal services settling grievances serve employment agency women found jobs working government union confederate governments grew war government girls worked clerks days letters documents copied hand typewriters copying machines civil war large numbers women office kind civil war opened major area women fighting battlefields resulted need nurses care wounded
parents grandparents recognize cowboy read learned cowboys knock drag saloons villains wore black hats scowled heroes feet tall wore white hats held villains dust covered streets high noon billy kid wild bill hickok handsome dashing calamity jane petite blonde course black face images portrayed began late dime novels buffalo bill wild west show owen seller virginian helped spread myth united states movies big cowboy film train robbery silent movie full excitement gang desperadoes tie stop train carrying shipment gold kill ride loot group cowboys chase desperadoes succeed catching bringing justice high point film chase scene cowboy fired shooter directly audience train robbery earned money filmmakers began turning dozen films hollywood western later radio television carried legends
york largest city nation largest slum areas worst tenements laws designed improve slum conditions passed major attempt slum reform resulted construction dumbbell tenement floor plan called narrow building stories high covered entire lot twenty feet hundred feet tiny yard end central part indented side allow air shaft window room addition law called fireproof stairways toilet families soon law tenements likewise overcrowded persons building dumped waste air shafts clean bottom shafts quickly breeding places rats vermin stench bad nail air shaft windows shut result air shafts created drafts drafts fires broke fearsome destructive million yorkers living dumbbell tenements bathtubs toilets running water york housing commission met concluded situation slums worse thirty earlier tenement reform law passed
march senate ratified hay treaty united states colombia treaty stated united states give colombia million annual rent ooo mile wide strip isthmus panama government power colombia resented treaty number reasons senate offering panama canal company times money million colombia afraid lose sovereignty canal zone finally secretary hay responded suggestions treaty harsh insulting words august senate turned treaty october met president roosevelt white house predicted soon revolution panama canal meant economic boom area disappointed roosevelt say flat united states prevent landing troops isthmus observed later able fellow business find thought government doubt able accurate guess advise fact dull unable guess october commander nashville received instructions washington head harbor colon panama
president wilson headed united states delegation versailles peace conference accompanying personal aide colonel house secretary robert lansing general bliss diplomat henry white white republican congressional campaign gop majority houses senator senate ratify peace treaty wilson failure include senator due bitter political feud senator henry cabot lodge later chairman senate foreign relations committee going versailles wilson visited england italy welcomed italians displayed picture windows cheering crowds waited hours pass parisians road flowers representatives minority group armenians jews ukrainians poles approached appeals help setting independent nations peace conference began wilson idealism ran practical politics premier georges clemenceau france lived invasions country germany determined prevent happening british prime minister david lloyd george won reelection basis germany pay prime minister vittorio orlando italy wanted austrian territory peace conference include defeated central powers smaller allied nations big wilson clemenceau lloyd george orlando worked treaty details general wilson gave fourteen points return european support league nations
chief engine american prosperity automobile demand steel rubber glass textiles mention petroleum economic multiplier caused industries prosper remained nation major multiplier half century person responsible putting automobile road henry ford developed famous model americans told jokes homely tin lizzie sell speedometer don ford running miles hour fender rattles twelve miles hour teeth rattle fifteen miles hour transmission drops americans laughed model loved actually efficient piece machinery tough easy fix priced million model ts sold model built nation true assembly line car parts built separate areas brought place mechanics put ford soon found method produce cars fast demand hired walter flanders student frederick winslow taylor taylor advocate scientific management believed increase efficiency reorganizing standardizing flanders put taylor theory line production effect
americans beginning doubts nation growing involvement vietnam united states involved stronger widespread opposition took forms antiwar musical shows stop bombing marches automobile bumper stickers read love war posters stating war healthy children living things young americans burned draft cards picketed induction centers sit ins strikes erupted college campuses especially student draft abolished americans emigrated canada order avoid serving considered immoral war arguments presented doves war called varied common reason opposition belief war basically civil war vietcong trying overcome corrupt inefficient government saigon trying save south vietnam communism doves argued government actually destroying entire country population addition critics pointed thousands americans killed wounded cost conflict causing inflation forcing nation abandon society social programs hawks supported vietnam war agreed president johnson vietnam vital american security communism consideration important casualties cost hawks wanted escalate war
gerald ford member house representatives hardworking straightforward unpretentious person month white house created welcome feeling openness goodwill ford destroyed feeling september warning ford issued blanket pardon nixon crimes committed committed president accepting pardon nixon admit guilt simply understand mistakes led think behavior watergate investigation serving illegal agreed pardon felt nixon punished forced resign disgrace stunned action standards justice president living luxury taxpayers expense pension expenses addition travel allowance miscellaneous allowance transition allowance meantime forty underlings carried orders sat prison awaiting trial commentator mercy justice favoritism president ford explained reason pardon public trial president nation want put ordeal growing number americans began feel things considered ford thing
election president continued push ahead reaganomics press public broad economic package begin solid signs recovery unemployment began drop noticeably inflation double digits earlier percent growing national debt continued major concern economic picture brightened number complex stubborn problems remained concerned education growing crime rate concerned quality public education united states international comparisons found american students significantly industrial nations especially math science president reagan called excellence education stressing discipline schools return traditional teaching methods violent crime continued increase areas united states americans debated possession types handguns illegal communities banned possession handguns borders violent crime statistics rose white collar crimes fraud addition authorities continued pursue dealing illegal drugs tried fight organized crime kind criminal activity appeared companies organizations reported electronic break ins computer systems cracked secret codes response increased worldwide terrorist activities defensive missiles installed white house buildings washington late
geography study earth study geography learn earth land divided find land live begin study geography globe globe find united states tell location ways continent located north south equator boundaries united states latitude longitude describe area united states covers find united states map countries longitude lines united states latitude runs york states countries latitude suppose climate similar kinds jobs similar countries latitude ways hudson mohawk rivers determine kinds jobs find rivers map look classroom map united states find york part united states boundaries areas north east south west york york bordered west lake erie lake ontario describe location latitude longitude nature created features
historians believe settle area asia continent crossing land bridge soviet union alaska bridge covered water narrow waterway called bering strait find map globe york area nearly ago past called indians today known native americans major groups native americans called york group language early iroquois later later ago tribes belonged main language group delawares spoke algonquian tribes lived island delaware hudson rivers find places map later iroquois lived middle area york tribes lived senecas mohawks historians archaeologists interested early tribal finding ancient artifacts learn native american archaeologists dug ground find arrowheads bits pottery piles animal bones show kinds meat ate town auburn cayuga county cayuga village
norsemen vikings explored parts north america start settlements european nations began sending explorers learn america christopher columbus sailed times european explorers reports america reports america place settle reports told sickness hardship york explorers sailed hudson river river named englishman henry hudson captain ship hudson hired government netherlands wanted find route america india country india spices silks europeans wanted buy european settlers york henry hudson claimed area dutch government named netherland settlers dutch ship dutch left belgium country netherlands called set sail january march ships carrying arrived families traveled hudson river settle fort orange orange family royal family netherlands fort orange albany area lived ships homes built
rose born small city russian poland don city memory part childhood age parents brought country settled york earliest memories living crowded street east side jews jews father tailor lived rooms eldridge street russia mother father earned money russia father worked earned money mother attended house children boy school enjoying making progress father died brain fever mother left children coming stay home help look month later baby born mother fur house earning week later earned week clever steady house worker prepared meals looked children baby girl boy managed meals elaborate
american revolution called revolutionary war began arguments friend sides story colonists felt revolt wanted free english rule england called mother country meant england mother colonies north america owned protected rules colonists want obey rules england wanted laws rose fight england york colonies colonies joined revolt look map colonies locations england want colonists revolt english government thought colonies help england leading nation colonists trade england england stronger richer english felt owned land colonists lived felt colonists owed loyalty england colonies products grew needed england english american products goods goods sold colonists export tax charged goods leaving colonies exports outgoing goods import tax charged goods coming colonies colonists ended paying taxes colonies allowed send representatives english parliament
women lot revolutionary war war began women half population colonies included black women free slave native american women white women patriot women boycotted goods england supply goods find substitute british tea cloth women spent spinning weaving boycott shirts uniforms patriot soldiers lambs killed food raised wool farm women grow flax flax fiber linen shirts stockings linen patriot woman york colony knit number pairs stockings soldiers pair knit fined making clothing soldiers patriot women held scrap metal drives collected pewter tin lead dishes pots pans melted bullets cannon balls women round horses supplies women sides husbands children parents women jobs continental loyalist troops cooked soldiers mended uniforms laundry found food served nurses wounded soldiers battle women uniforms wounded dead soldiers
soon war ended slavery stopped black united states change free money place live south north found northerners want help blacks discriminated north trouble finding jobs competed immigrants coming jobs immigrants blacks jobs learn black struggle equality later chapter civil war manufacturing york grew factory owners lot money soldiers needed uniforms factories york set cloth cloth uniforms lot york plenty workers factories factories built boots shoes soldiers food needed army york farmers raised grains corn wheat oats grains ground flour mills flour bread york bread basket colonies provided food states york food products shipped places chapter learn transportation improvements manufactured goods sell ways send goods place place developed
big problems york city government city run tweed ring yorkers corruption found thomas nast began drawing cartoons harper weekly magazine cartoons showed william tweed dishonest tweed held government offices cartoons superintendent street department york city charge york officials group labeled tweed ring tweed friends pocketing taxpayers money charge building courthouse spending project building costing planned nast cartoons articles york times helped lead trial tweed friends tweed found guilty counts corruption public officials served honestly women served local governments government officials find community helped laws country reformers felt children needed school school learn society learn learn skills finishing school able help help solve problems communities
abolitionist movement women working free slaves began women legal rights ways slaves laws married woman property husband law live protection protection helpful women protected owning property custody children divorce women legal contracts woman court husband women allowed vote women york began movement vote soon spread areas united states called suffrage movement suffrage means vote movement started took nearly vote york women granted national suffrage amendment passed women worked suffrage movement called suffragists early suffragists susan anthony school teacher rochester joined lucretia mott elizabeth cady stanton matilda gage suffrage meeting held seneca falls remembrances emily collins suffragist born lived forty south bristol ontario county secluded spots western york meeting seneca falls action
financial crisis york city left city suburbs population city fell shopping malls built suburban areas longer cities shop meant money taxes york city city needed government services soon city money pay services government york city asked government help help form large loans discovered yorkers paying city income taxes tax individual citizens businesses york city hired accountants find tax collecting taxes getting loans helped york city feet communities rebuilding movement save cities feel build cities businesses invited communities factories put factories date shape york losing population moving southern states winters short sun comes states stretch carolinas florida mexico arizona california older retire jobs live limited smaller income
need formal governments governments things individuals formal governments responsible lot government bigger neighborhood takes government government workers paid employees help records government help carry laws plans government working government full job system government united states called representative democracy representative elect represent government called democracy vote older majority rules vote counts government officials elected vote office length elected officials represent voters matters government officials appointed asked elected representatives help government appointed officials special skills valuable government levels government city town village governments closest say local government attending council board meetings tell local government officials feel issues county government bigger community government close counties gained power responsibilities carrying programs areas
senator introduce idea law introduced legislature idea called bill senator speak senate assemblyman introduce assembly members house discuss bill vote bill approved senators pass senate voted members assembly pass bill passes governor governor sign bill law governor agree bill case governor veto legislators think bill law pass thirds senate assembly vote yes laws congress passes affect community congress decides government money spent makes rules trade foreign countries sets courts try cases crime laws united states job congress grant patents patent legal protection invented things inventor receives patent steal invention patent proves patent holder owns rights invention look tools house find patent number printed tool kind laws legislature pass
york center american culture mix cultures represented museums restaurants sports arenas stadiums factories neighborhoods buildings part american culture literature things read things write literature tells lot culture authors write events happening write feelings write things happened famous authors york famous famous community let find authors discover writings reflect culture herman melville famous york author wrote book moby dick adventure story book hero captain ahab hunts white whale whale moby dick seen movie story marianne moore known poet missouri settle york city alice born south carolina grew harlem lived york city child written plays sally benson wrote short stories died newspaper writer born york writer
artist frederic remington born canton st lawrence county art seen museums museum remington art museum city st lawrence river canton remington paintings sculptures rockwell corning museum art named wounded bronco buster remington traveled west cowboy sculptures painted pictures scenes american west knew frederic remington author wrote illustrated books west included pony tracks crooked trails indian died viewing york fun displayed photographs york historical society american blacks discovered objects photographs black center research black culture native american history learned museum american indian largest collection native american material del barrio northern part manhattan island artifacts describe history hispanic americans american museum natural history help learn natural history plants animals history display dinosaur collection makes exciting place visit museum broadcasting york city
think community population later community island york city grew island community worked city preferred live suburbs island moved schools built community room schoolhouse elementary schools junior high schools senior high schools population dropped moved upstate york england southern states families move families today fewer children schools closed earn living changed farming common living grew grains growing tomatoes cucumbers cabbages important heinz company bought vegetables canning island railroad built farmers began shipping vegetables york city railroad terrible blight destroyed vegetable crop farmers began growing potatoes island famous potatoes farmers selling land real estate raised money build homes growing population needed
delivery emergency medical care sick injured based present functioning emergency medical services system word functioning distinguish system designed primarily delivery emergency medical care developed meet criteria merely funding wide gap fact delivered emergency medical care knowledge hardware systems development existed services public reality today fifteen born white paper accidental death disability neglected disease modern society published committees trauma shock national academy sciences national research council white paper turned cold harsh light truth delivery emergency medical care nation efforts national highway traffic safety administration department transportation highway safety act department health education welfare act thousands dedicated professionals brought improvement area health services today deal gap supply need narrowing exists areas country system elements components brought integrated provide emergency medical care shortest practical sick injured systems vary widely parts nation populated areas country vary regardless small rural community large city vast metropolitan complex functioning system essential elements
society government formulated policy protect health regulations statutes individuals position observe gather information diseases injuries obligation report agencies imposed reporting obligations applicable reporting requirements include situations paragraphs states district columbia enacted laws protect abused children states reporting obligation individuals definition range physician person aware requirements law statutes frequently grant immunity liability libel slander defamation character person obligated report reports faith discussion child abuse included chapter states laws requiring reporting injury likely occurred performance criminal act specific injuries gunshot knife wounds poisonings instances drug related injuries reported requirements affect stressed united states supreme court held drug addiction contrasted drug possession sale illness crime injury result drug overdose definition injury resulting felonious act states statute specifically establish confidentiality excuse individuals reporting drug cases government agency minor parents discretion individuals withholding reporting proper treatment patient reporting requirements include attempted suicide dog bites communicable diseases assaults rapes
lungs hang free chest cavity definite mechanism ensure follow motions chest wall expand contract covering lung layer smooth glistening slippery tissue called pleura fig layer sac lines inside chest cavity layer covers lungs layers called parietal pleura lining chest wall visceral pleura covering lungs layers pleural space space usual sense layers contact fact layers tightly sealed thin film fluid chest wall expands lung pulled expand suction exerted closely applied pleural surfaces pleural space potential space lung entirely fills chest cavity potential space pleural surfaces easily developed actual surfaces separated blood lacerated vessel air torn lung hole chest surfaces separated mechanism normal expansion lungs lost blood air collects lung compressed extent expand inspiration insufficient oxygen maintain patients type injury die lack oxygen smooth lubricated pleural surfaces allow lungs move perfectly freely chest breathing injured diseased longer friction free lubricated surface
close patient side knee level head level upper chest places heel hand lower half sternum care place hand process extends downward upper fig sternum ribs correct positioning hands achieved manner index fingers hand nearer patient feet slid edge rib cage fingers reach notch center chest fig finger pushed high notch index finger laid lower portion sternum fingers touching fig heel hand lower half sternum fig touches index finger hand hand removed notch center rib cage applied parallel hand resting patient lower sternum fig heel hand contact lower half sternum technique improved comfortable fingers lower hand fingers upper pulled slightly chest wall pressure exerted vertically downward arms depress adult sternum inches rocking motion pressure delivered vertically downward shoulders arms straight fig
technique bag valve mask positioned patient head maintaining neck extension open airway mask triangular shape applied patient face apex bridge nose base groove lower lip chin achieve fitting select correct mask size mask inflatable collar inflated obtain easier seal mask face holds mask position placing ring fingers mandible finger ramus ring fingers body mandible index finger held lower portion mask thumb secures upper portion mask firm pressure fingers mandible finger thumb mask maintains seal mandible pulled upward maintain airway fig mask firmly applied patient face neck maintained extension hand hand compresses bag rhythmical manner seconds fig proper ventilation evident rise fall chest system external chest compression bag squeezed interrupting rhythm external chest compression mouth mouth mouth mask ventilation provide large volumes air liters bag valve mask system deliver squeezed hand liter usual volume
bones contact joint articulation formed joints allow motion knee hip elbow bones fuse joints solid immobile bony structure results skull composed bones fuse person grows adulthood infant bones fused soft spots called bones joints body named combining names bones forming joint joint articulation sternum clavicle joint consists ends bones joint surrounding connecting supporting tissues fig ends bones articulate covered smooth shiny surface called articular cartilage inside joints notably knee cartilaginous cushions fill spaces bones aid gliding motion joint cushion called meniscus simply cartilage injured torn attachments meniscus produce symptoms locking catching joint joints allow motion bone ends held fibrous tissue capsule points joint capsule lax thin allow motion plane areas thick resists stretching bending bands tough thick capsule called ligaments joint virtually surrounded tough thick ligaments joint motion joint ligaments shoulder free move direction result prone dislocation
patient lying supine spine board found lying prone patient turned unit supporting head entire head spine complex moves unison log roll straddle slide chapter patient transferred unit board avoiding rotation head shoulders pelvis bystanders recruited assist instruct move patient sandbags specially designed head supports laid side head resting lightly shoulders fig head supports firmly secured board wide adhesive tape velcro straps turns soft roller bandage secured tape applied forehead level fig chin strap empty spaces knees low filled pillow rolled blanket patient chest arms pelvis lower extremities secured board straps cravats fig patient hands loosely tied prevent arms flopping transfer wrists crossed cravat soft roller bandage loosely tied wrists holding secure fig patient secured board entire unit turned side facilitate airway management fig vertical rescue complex foot straps secure trunk board illustrated fig
patient head injury addition vital signs specifically interested consciousness ability communicate perceive status pupils eyes observe patient talk obey audible command properly pupils record observations noted record patient vital signs rising blood pressure especially pulse slow hemorrhage brain covering meninges meninges skull cases pressure skull rising low blood pressure shock result brain damage means blood loss injuries patient talk note fact oriented persons names age date disoriented speech low moan recorded garbled speech patient talk fact recorded ability patient talk indication consciousness consciousness patient change single important observation assess presence severe progressive brain damage related consciousness ability patient carry simple command note fact patient sleepy actually unconscious patient roused spoken shaken pain required rouse patient considered light pain pinching skin regarded strong pain
blunt abdominal wounds severe bruises abdominal wall abdomen liver spleen lacerated intestine ruptured supporting torn injury vessels kidneys ruptured torn arteries veins bladder ruptured especially patient drinking heavily bladder full distended patients severe abdominal hemorrhage peritoneal irritation inflammation ruptured hollow organs place patient supine comfortable position head turned side clear mouth throat vomitus note signs shock pallor cold sweat rapid pulse low blood pressure control evident external bleeding local pressure institute measures combat shock assist respiration clearing airway oxygen needed prompt gentle transportation emergency department provided thousands injuries prevented lives saved seat belts patients thrown smashed cars literally owe survival seat belts immobilized improper application belt occasionally blunt injury abdominal organs possibility recognized lap seat belts worn iliac crests pelvis restrain bony pelvis hip joint seat belt high fastened iliac crest sudden abrupt stop vehicle injury abdominal organs vessels belt squeezes spine
control communicable disease role protect personnel patients emergency vehicle contamination end regular physical examinations yearly chest rays immunization record date wash hands regularly working patient air clean emergency vehicle transportation patients routine cleaning floors walls emergency equipment soap water important eliminating sources reservoirs infection week movable equipment removed cleaned disinfectant solution surfaces allowed air dry wiping knows advance patient communicable disease transported carry disposable gown mask remove unnecessary equipment vehicle patient removed vehicle contaminated linen disposable equipment disposable bag ambulance aired hours scrubbed soap water surfaces scrubbed minutes disinfecting agent allowed air dry respiratory equipment potential reservoir source infection primarily droplet spread bacteria disposable oxygen masks suction tubing tips discarded promptly frequently encounter contagious disease unexpectedly drug infectious hepatitis injured requires care injury especially strict care prevent infection situation
occasionally children suffering childhood diseases transported reason contagious disease apparent measles chicken pox specific rash mumps results swelling tenderness parotid glands directly front ears german measles rubella distinguished easily measles similar rash notify hospital bringing child appears contagious disease careful washing cleaning vehicle equipment child contact rule children diseases contagious disease immunized exception meningitis extremely contagious transport child meningitis contact hospital eighteen twenty hours later find steps required prevent contracting disease approximately ten thousand babies die united states sudden infant death syndrome sids exact unknown occurs sleep apparently healthy infant called crib death situation certainly encounter anguished severely disturbed parents efforts revive baby basic support transportation hospital baby dead continue resuscitation efforts baby pronounced dead physician spend considerable effort comforting parents letting possibly child
term heat exposure include environmental injuries thermal burns burns electrical current chemical burns burns resulting radiant energy systemic reactions heat injuries common factor human organism received locally entire surface dose excessive energy normal protective mechanisms insufficient burn injuries generally rated terms damage skin specifically classified percentage surface damaged depth damage layers skin anatomy skin considered detail chapter review skin basically layer structure consisting outer epidermis dermis epidermis tough keratinized cells constantly rubbed body deeper part epidermis lies layer continuously produces cells form epidermis cells sloughed layer dermis contained organs skin hair follicles sweat glands sebaceous glands producing oil lubricates hair skin nerve endings blood vessels beneath dermis subcutaneous fatty tissue beneath fatty layer muscles body enclosed layer fascia functions skin serves isolate body environment protect body bacterial invasion control temperature body retain fluids body furnish information external environment brain nerve endings damage surface covering break mechanisms damaged area overwhelming bacterial infection invade body
important criteria establishing effective communication physician field physician understand training capabilities aware equipment aboard ambulance reason insisting portion training presented physicians operation system physician communication established procedures defined training program assure standardization lessen errors understanding orders directions physicians medical coordination ordinarily requires dedicated channel free interference users dispatcher assigning channel establishing medical communication link monitors channel clear assignment real method channel assignment applicable calls occur simultaneously flexibility handling multiple incidents makes maximum frequency channels alloted alternate assignment channels geographic area method offers flexibility justified areas low traffic existing system operation hospital communications effectively carried telephone regular line hot line departments hospital hospitals radio important hospital hospital communications situations specialized resources needed disaster undoubtedly failure telephone lines actually times disaster greatest problem lack beds hospital facilities medical resources lack ability communicate scene incident medical resources
procedures collecting reporting recording emergency medical care information vary community community depend extent circumstances call ideally record keeping reporting commence receipt request assistance dispatcher completes dispatch form communicates information depending circumstances protocol area report dispatcher en route scene dispatcher relay additional information obtained en route delays unusual circumstances certainly reported dispatcher service units affected traffic conditions road blockage arrival scene status scene need additional units relayed dispatcher street form fig obtain record pertinent information remembered completing permanent report form later status patient reported personnel emergency department scene transport significant change consultation advice physician emergency department ensure patient proper care en route proper personnel emergency department ready receive patient patients transfer patient emergency department report verbally physician regarding patient condition care rendered assistance department longer required permanent report form fig completed proper area notes street form avoid missing pertinent information
dog sandy golden retriever sits front house waiting throw stick chasing sticks tennis balls bringing major activity pick stick ball throw acts strangely looks body facing soon throw runs direction throw look threw head charges ears stick lands tree roof acts puzzled confused runs sound falling stick carried crash person tree dashes place hears stick fall close nose takes smells odor hand stick performed experiment sensitive sandy nose beach full driftwood pile hundreds sticks picked stick walked pile threw pile impossible tell certainty stick originally chosen looked alike pick sticks resembled thrown tried thing sandy throwing stick carved threw dozen times pile
difficult understand creatures senses sizes tempting interpret animal terms human images ant small minds large normal sized bird fluttering pain confusion merely flirting bird menacing buzz bee hornet sound moving cautious slowly worlds animals patience silence learn presence animals disturbing able distinguish slight differences animals species suppose try observe ant capture ant watch functions jar bad choice ant live perform ordinary functions part community ants die aloneness study ant simply look easy sounds follow single ant eyes lose leaf confused ants takes intense concentration start observing minutes slowly build stamina heighten awareness senses relaxing observing animals form meditation
couldn acted entirely according feelings acted peace mind completely lose repose confidence built shakily stage accept criticisms half completed task sounds hard shared secret thoughts pushed irritability point think lot annoys bear teaching affectionate ways strike put want left peace prefer dropped bit felt attitude gnawing feeling guilt horrible letter dared write wound hard strong brave greatest disappointment ponder peter van daddy conquered conquering created image mind pictured quiet sensitive lovable boy needed affection friendship needed living person pour heart wanted friend help put road achieved wanted slowly surely drew finally feel friendly automatically developed intimacy thought don think allowed
midge friends midge found job stenographer firm employed longer stenographic department worked wages eighteen dollars fifty cents week midge sixteen dollars girl lived home family paid half salary support girls sat side side desks lunched noon set home end evenings sundays passed company joined young steadiness quartet young give place young lament inappropriate newcomers scarcely distinguishable predecessors invariably girls spent fine idle hours hot weather saturday afternoons constant worn ragged fabric friendship looked alike resemblance lie features shape bodies movements style adornments midge completely young office workers urged painted lips nails darkened lashes lightened hair scent shimmer wore thin bright dresses tilted slippers strapped looked conspicuous cheap charming walked avenue skirts swirled hot wind received audible admiration young grouped newsstands awarded murmurs exclamations ultimate tribute whistles
children stamps trembled visibly anticipation adults excited young population graduation epidemic large classes graduating grammar school high school removed glorious release anxious help preparations kind dry run junior students moving vacating classes chairs tradition bound show talents leadership management strutted school campus exerting pressure lower grades authority occasionally pressed hard overlooked graduating classes nobility travelers exotic destinations minds graduates remarkably forgetful school books tablets pencils volunteers fell secure replacements missing equipment teachers respectful quiet aging seniors tended speak equals beings slightly lower tests returned grades student body acted extended family knew excelled piteous failed unlike white high school lafayette county training school distinguished lawn hedges tennis court climbing ivy buildings main classrooms grade school home economics set dirt hill fence limit boundaries bordering farms large expanse left school alternately baseball diamond basketball court
started move arthur adams breaking dumbfounded stare mister mean don mean won money money johnson don follow suggestions prefer museum suppose run leave won johnson gently remembered ask bye added stepped street conscious sun head shoes heard young saying look don don want young woman saying don want johnson smiled thought hurry wanted move quickly young woman gotten saying johnson blocks stopped help woman lift large packages taxi hand peanut seagull area large stores buffeted constantly side hurrying cross late sullen offered peanut asked dime offered peanut bus driver stopped bus intersection opened window seat put head longing fresh air comparative quiet traffic
school cafeteria smelled inside refrigerator opened door didn stood foot listening talk janitor scrub yesterday abby gale principal hope adequate job lady curly gray hair stuck hat nearly comic face dark black hat vital shine fabric hat look dull contrast watched knew movements home strange turned run hand stainless steel counters gray wool dress pull tight hump shoulders counters sure need polishing knew say gale laughed thinks able reflection going hate thought don cook don want learn wish bridge shout looked open door bunch boys gathering baseball field strange looked dining room rows straight wooden tables chairs stacked top remembered knew find kitchen
seen fish jump middle pond catching bugs flies float surface water sparkle water means fish feeding turning sideways dislodge bits food bottom mouth sun reflecting fish silvery sides makes sparkle fish tail splash shallow stream trout feeding underwater insects cling rocky bottom shaped wave water large fish chasing smaller loud circle big hungry fish gobbling frog swimming mouse idea watch water begin fishing figure fish feeding offer hook catch fish need bait fishing line pole couple hooks split shot sinkers fish earthworms bait natural diet fish eat worms abundant foods underwater insects living pond stream fishing clear stream turn rocks find insects clinging undersides insects called nymphs fish bait put nymph small hook squeeze split shot sinker line foot weight drift bait bottom stream fish look nymphs
leon opportunity appreciate dog intelligence understanding eldest sister married shepherd lived village fifteen miles distant families frequent touch grew habit spending weeks winter months month summer narrow unchanging led village big adventure brother law village larger rich poor home freedom appeared interesting brother law treated sister spoiled pleased bring news home parents lot fuss leon dog disastrous puppy dashed large clumsy frame responsible accidents terrified boys house suddenly confronted gaping jaws shining teeth huge tongue small faces big paws suddenly shoulders knocking spent brother law jesus watching sheep fields jesus small dog bitch immediately took umbrage presence large idiot puppy frolicked side flew leon yelping tail legs half size
want photograph photographer looked enthusiasm drooping gray suit dim eye natural scientist need describe knows photographer sit wait waited hour read ladies companion girls magazine infants journal began unforgivable thing breaking privacy scientific pursuits face mine hour photographer opened door severely studio sit photographer sat beam sunlight filtered sheet factory cotton hung frosted skylight photographer rolled machine middle room crawled look tearing cotton sheet window panes hooked stick apparently frantic light air crawled machine drew black cloth quiet knew praying photographer looked grave shook head face wrong answered quietly known sighed think face quarters full sure enthusiastically glad find human side
clock hot hazy afternoon june mark swung legs open hand door grabbed wing strut gazed orange groves florida west palm beach waited moment jumped sky dive searching exciting factory job native connecticut moved florida diving circle ranch airport student month nervous jump stepping sky fell free feet reached rip cord feet reason forgot hold jumper arch legs arms head thrown pelvis thrust forward quickly found headfirst dive pilot chute main parachute opened suspension lines tangled legs instant entire mass silk wrapped cocoon plunging headfirst wasted trying fight free ripped open reserve chute whipped legs bound mummy jumped feet velocity hit ground mph americans died falls comparatively modest heights level lucky handful survived plunges improbable heights survivors brought insights falling fortunately experienced mark
east coast benefit atlantic ocean prevailing westerly winds blow continent making winters cold summers hot continents heat quickly sun cool rapidly night oceans hand absorb sun heat remain basically temperature night ocean currents move warm water north big impact climate england climate labrador newfoundland northern location kindly gulf stream protects england warm water making warmer winter york city weather machine parts important sun enormous nuclear furnace million miles constantly bathes earth energy equivalent trillion horsepower energy distributed evenly equator direct rays warmer equator curvature earth rays slant forcing cover larger area scattering heat energy atmosphere thickest close surface troposphere weather occurs air gases prevalent nitrogen accounts percent air oxygen percent gases occur small amounts vital ozone instance prevents ultraviolet rays potentially harmful radiation water vapor produces clouds rain heat sun moves air stirring soup jet streams rivers rapidly moving air feet high blow globe west east
hypotheses predictions suggested hypotheses tested controlled experiments controlled experiment investigation factors influence outcome effect studied factors influence outcome experiment called variables variables experiment effect studied variable intentionally changed manipulated called manipulated variable outcome called responding variable suppose hypothesis number swings pendulum determined mass pendulum prediction follows swing rate change change mass pendulum experiment test prediction easily set pendulum balls mass attached turn string order compare swing rates number swings interval mass tried counted number swings mass pendulum recorded collected recorded observations data look patterns data plot data graph interpretation results evidence support reject hypothesis factors affect swing rate pendulum length string position ball release shape pendulum ball affect swing rate controlled experiment factors change experiment
word problems kind lincoln high school basketball team won games games schedule remaining games win order finish season win record answer games feel overwhelmed word problems consider analogy playing basketball generally fall categories feel basketball players feel getting practice try basketball give generally players want put needed player word problems fairly proficient problem solver students dislike word problems problem solvers dislike word problems tries basketball quits basketball player practice problem solver problems learning mistakes read word problem thought likely begin ways solve problem method situation word problems solved guidelines unknown problem asked read problem carefully need reread
substance classified solid liquid gas ordinary temperatures change phase temperature water liquid ordinary temperatures temperature lowered liquid water freezes solid ice temperature increased liquid water boils gas water gas phase known water vapor substances change phase temperatures change phase substance depends temperature substance freezing change phase liquid solid melting reverse change solid liquid pure substance melt specific temperature water ice melts lead melts copper melts temperature substance begins melt called melting point melting point change amount substance small amounts ice melt temperature large amounts ice melting temperature substance property identifying substance evaporation change phase liquid gas evaporation liquid takes place temperature water spilled desk top open room soon dry water liquid phase gas phase water vapor warming liquid speeds evaporation condensation reverse change gas liquid droplets liquid water collect glass cold drink droplets
buildings earth moving perfectly reference objects suppose studying ball moves air makes sense building reference object matter earth building attached moving hand suppose returning earth spacecraft find important consider movement earth choose stars reference objects generally pick reference object think moving compare position reference object study movement point view reference object choose suppose walk rear moving bus moving backward relation bus bus moving fast moving forward relation ground describe motion depends reference object choose description motion change change reference object reference object study motion moving object selected reference object speed describes fast object moving relation reference object objects motion move speeds objects move faster heard word velocity describe fast common speech velocity speed mean thing science velocity slightly meaning
moving object property called momentum related mass speed greater mass speed greater momentum amount momentum moving object equal mass object multiplied speed speed object momentum collision momentum transferred object suppose roll bowling ball directly bowling ball collide stop move speed total amount momentum remains idea called conservation momentum conservation momentum objects interact forces momentum depends direction motion mass speed objects moving directions directions account consider simple case adult child roller skates suppose face push move backwards move opposite directions push momentum according conservation momentum momentum child equal size opposite direction momentum adult child mass adult child greater speed conservation momentum related newton law motion advantage looking interaction momentum point view don strength forces acted
motion movement changing position object respect reference object description motion change change reference object speed fast object position respect reference object speed units distance divided units average speed total distance traveled divided total travel distance object traveling constant speed travels equal distances equal times distance graph slanting straight line constant speed acceleration change speed direction motion object distance graph curving line changing speed acceleration force push pull balanced forces act object producing motion unbalanced force acting object produces change speed direction object friction forces prevent slow movement objects greater unbalanced force object greater acceleration object greater mass object smaller acceleration object force acts object object exerts reaction force equal strength opposite direction object moves curve force causing change direction acts center curve momentum product mass speed depends direction motion objects interact forces total momentum objects change
alfred nobel known famous prizes established fields peace chemistry physics medicine literature known inventor dynamite explosives son swedish inventor manufacturer explosives nobel saw explosives help blast roads mountains dig canals excavate building construction started factory highly dangerous explosive tragically younger brother workers killed factory blew decided find control explosives safely nobel experimented found package fairly safely sticks called dynamite invented blasting gelatin smokeless powder military inventions wealthy saw responsible large scale death destruction warfare show concern humanity left money establishment prizes advancements peace science today nobel prize prestigious award person receive nobel institute research institute sweden named alfred nobel element isolated nobel institute named synthetic detergents replaced soap molecules similar structure soap detergents affected acids hard water water calcium magnesium extent soap detergents cleaning power hard water
fats include butter vegetable oils lard chemically fats composed carbon hydrogen oxygen atoms structurally fats combinations glycerol fatty acids figure fats fatty acids linked glycerol molecule fatty acids hydrocarbons organic acid attached end carbon atom fatty acid linked atoms molecule saturated hand unsaturated fatty acid double bonded carbon atoms polyunsaturated fatty acid double bonds heard discussions relationships eating saturated fats health problems fats serve reservoir energy human body functions proteins include animal plant proteins proteins large complex molecules consisting thousands atoms carbon nitrogen hydrogen oxygen proteins twenty basic building blocks called amino acids amino acids amine group acid group cooh simplest amino acid glycine proteins serve functions serve roles storage structure transport regulation catalysts biochemical reactions living beings vitamins organic substances play role chemical reactions place body vitamins essential health human beings lack specific vitamins diets results getting deficiency diseases vitamins complicated chemical structures vitamins generally identified capital letters chemical chemical vitamin
sulfuric acid forms air washes rain sulfuric acid corrosive substance damaging living nonliving things instance acid rain kills fish lakes attacks limestone buildings prevent problems caused sulfur compounds fuels low sulfur content high temperatures automobile engines allow nitrogen air react oxygen air compounds nitrogen oxygen known oxides nitrogen formed contribute brownish smog pollutes air cities oxides react water vapor form acids increase acid rain problem fuels burn incompletely degree incomplete burning hydrocarbons results production carbon carbon monoxide puts unchanged hydrocarbons air energy sunlight unchanged hydrocarbons react oxides nitrogen oxygen form smog antismog devices automobiles trap hydrocarbons enter air cars catalytic converters hydrocarbons carbon monoxide react oxygen form carbon dioxide water effect converters gasoline burn completely hydrogen gas burns air water vapor formed dangerous pollutants produced hydrogen thought clean fuel suggested substitute gasoline methane produce amount heat larger volumes hydrogen gasoline burned difficulties storing transporting hydrogen encountered
ways light interact matter light pass matter light easily passes air pass glass water matter transmit light passes matter matter transmits light strikes transparent transparent light bounce reflect matter things sources light reflected light light source bounces objects travels eyes dark colored objects reflect light light colored objects snow reflects light give skiers sunburn light absorbed matter dark colored objects absorb light light colored objects solar collectors buildings black coverings collect sunlight kind matter transmits percent light strikes air absorbs light matter reflect percent absorb percent light matter reflects absorbs transmit opaque solids book held front flashlight light seen book opaque book replaced piece waxed paper hand light seen details flashlight seen waxed paper transparent opaque translucent transmits light reflects absorbs deal light
maxwell result suggested light electromagnetic wave suggested infinite variety invisible electromagnetic waves travelling varying frequency wavelengths according equation wave speed studies spurred maxwell results revealed existence previously waves instruments sensitive frequencies scientists able detect kinds energy similar light energy moves transverse waves moves speed light move empty space general energy properties electromagnetic radiation comes fact radiation electric magnetic properties electromagnetic spectrum range electromagnetic radiation highest lowest frequency visible light small part vast spectrum electromagnetic waves travelling vacuum names applied radiation frequency ranges high frequency end gamma radiation originally discovered radiation comes earth outer space cosmic radiation treatment cancer destroys cancer cells easily normal cells rays lower gamma radiation frequency ray pictures teeth bones dentists doctors identify problems microwaves lower frequency infrared microwave ovens send microwaves food food absorbs energy microwaves cooks
small pieces plastic foam packing cling skin clothes easily charge creates force stronger weight force lifted force gravity force charged objects greater force gravity tend think force gravity large large object large mass earth force due charges depends amount charge object charge object greater force force depends distance charges force gravity stronger closer objects relationship force electric charge distance known coulomb law french scientist investigated coulomb law written proportion notice amount charge doubled force doubled distance charges doubled force strong distance effect squared big difference gravitational electric forces gravity makes objects attract charged objects attract charge negative positive repel charges positive negative charged objects attract takes energy move potential energy moved
nuclear scientists employed directly universities research establishments supported private government funding efforts aimed developing understanding nuclei atoms research tools large accelerators direct high energy particles target nuclei products interaction studied models nucleus developed tested basis clues ability analyze problems raise questions think abstractly important characteristics nuclear scientist nuclear research team effort ability cooperate scientists technicians crucial ph physics speciality nuclear studies requirement entry field research efforts employment opportunities limited expense equipment needed high school courses physics chemistry mathematics entry needed college courses information write american nuclear society north kensington avenue park illinois radiologic technologists rays radioisotopes sound waves help diagnose treat medical patients help radiograph ray negative doctor diagnose diseases exploratory surgery radiation therapy important part cancer treatment guided doctor prescription radiation therapy technologist exposes diseased area radiation radiation destroys stops growth cancer radiologic technologists regular business hours evenings call shift includes variety tasks technologists check equipment update medical records read prescriptions position patients equipment comply safety regulations
seldom think ways energy granted need shock november lights england states york city towns cities found total darkness thousands stranded subways elevators places power restored days fortunately survived minor inconvenience point complex society dependent energy supply energy cut present oil commonly energy resource industrialized nations demand oil countries larger supply result import oil countries middle east times past decade shortages gasoline heating oil parents remember waiting gasoline lines shortages served reminder energy supply unlimited fuel shortages energy prices rise increase cost energy effect lifestyle buy small cars high mileage insulate homes start think methods heat homes solar heat fuel prices fooled thinking plenty fuel
faster speeding bullet faster cars look bullets move highway ease attempts develop electric solar powered car appears gasoline powered car continue car future cars designed energy efficiently drawing number high tech developments fields lasers designers able improve aerodynamics automobile obtaining precise measurements car body combining measurements computer modeling designers sleek smooth body shapes reduce drag car moves road engine reduced size mass efficient large engines today engines future cylinder aluminum ceramic materials fuel injection charging drawing space program technology cars future need stop gas pump fuel cars km gallon finally computers steer cars computers unlock open doors turn engine monitor engine efficiency adjusting throttle needed adjust car suspension system meet road conditions computers adjust car air conditioning system ventilation warn driver impending problems low tire pressure low oil pressure low fuel supply
look figure trying pour water flask water figure won realize flask empty flask contained air air takes space air flask water space air water flask property matter matter mass mass property makes earth pull downward matter matter mass mass matter mass stronger earth pull things mass balance equal arm balance mass hand side balance pulled figure shows masses empty balloon balloon full air compared meter stick suspended center string balloon filled air attached end meter stick meter stick balances equal arm balance equal masses end pin poke hole balloons meter stick longer balanced mass balloon filled air empty balloon correct say air matter explain matter takes space mass
production automotive painters spray brightly colored paint cars final step automobile assembly lines automotive painters refinish cars damaged collisions rust normal wear tear automotive painters repair shops painters remove rust paint power sanding machines filling small scratches dents body putty car smooth surface ready priming spray gun painter applies coats primer finishes layer enamel paint painters gain experience complete complex jobs skilled extensive repair painters exposed dangerous fumes paint paint thinning solutions wear protective masks prevent inhalation hazardous vapors strength health keen sense color automotive painting high school graduates auto mechanics classes chance hired automotive painters surveyors measurements prepare specialized surveys government agencies real estate developers construction companies engineering industrial firms training career surveying obtained special courses high school community college programs job high school courses mathematics science drafting background preparation surveying requires tools instruments attention detail physical stamina surveyors members team outdoors variety locations kilogram kg basic unit mass liter water mass kilogram kg kilogram equals thousand grams large paper clip mass
thousand ago kind bread wheat flour flat hard leavened raised bread discovered accident east leavened bread light filled holes scientific understanding leavened bread remained mystery ago mid century dr louis pasteur solved mystery discovery yeast microscopic fungus natural leavening agent today yeast leavening agent baked bread baking soda baking powder leavening agents cakes biscuits kinds baked goods known generally quick breads methods getting bubbles baked goods physical chemical processes involved making leavened breads physical processes involve mixing ingredients dough case yeast breads baking dough oven chemical processes involve actions leavening agent hardening dough raised breads leavening agent yeast reacts natural sugar wheat flour reaction forms carbon dioxide gas alcohol reaction called fermentation gas creates thousands bubbles dough expand rise dough kneaded develop elastic strands formed called gluten wheat flour dough evenly distributes gas bubbles elastic strands gluten allow dough rise breaking trapping bubbles dough heat baking dough drives carbon dioxide alcohol
imagine watching beautiful sunset sun slowly sinking horizon moving sun earth sun appears move earth moving wait sun perfectly measurements distant stars sun planets moving stars moving fact perfectly stationary objects reference objects buildings earth moving perfectly reference objects suppose studying ball moves air makes sense building reference object matter earth building attached moving hand suppose returning earth spacecraft consider movement earth choose stars reference objects generally pick reference object think moving compare position reference object study movement point view reference object choose suppose walk rear moving bus moving backward relation bus bus moving fast moving forward relation ground describe motion depends reference object choose description motion change change reference object
kind friction acts moving objects caused contact moving object substance friction tends slow moving object wheels cart contact ground friction wheels ground makes cart slow boat moving water slowed friction water contact lower part boat air contact upper part boat contacts boat air water friction friction slows boat kind friction keeps objects moving pushed gently suppose wish move heavy trunk floor push hard moving friction trunk floor balances push point kind friction called static friction word static means rest static friction tends object rest move trunk exert force overcome force static friction static friction force required start object moving force size small object moving friction force object keeps moving speed straight line experienced effect newton law motion automobile force start moving supplied engine moving constant speed moving
suppose toss baseball straight ball soon stops going falls ground catch height release ball moving upward earth pull gravity making slow pull gravity going constant speed gravity ball high ball reaches highest point longer moving upward speed kinetic energy moving upward ball kinetic energy original kinetic energy allowed move farther earth ball starts downward pull gravity makes speed kinetic energy increases catch going fast threw kinetic energy ball highest point kinetic energy damage falling ability change energy energy due position ground motion ability object change due position called potential energy coin pushed edge table fall ground falls kinetic energy kinetic energy
wondered free bird fly centuries inventors tried design flying machines wings aircraft succeeded flying wings brothers france jacques joseph montgolfier launched large balloon filled hot air balloon floated air boat floats water gravity makes things float table tennis ball float water combined mass table tennis ball air inside mass volume water gravity attracts water greater force pulls plastic ball filled air water surrounding ball pulled downward gravity table tennis ball pushed upward water hot air balloon floats reason combined mass balloon hot air inside basket mass volume air gravity attracts colder air surrounding balloon greater force pulls balloon hot air basket passengers heavier air balloon pulled surface earth balloon cargo pushed upward words dense materials float dense fluids liquids gases montgolfier brothers hot air mass volume cold air takes fewer hot air particles fill sized balloon
ceramic products commonplace dinnerware ordinary rocket nose cones physical properties ceramics wide variety products manufacturers hard ceramic tools cutting grinding metal surfaces ceramics withstand exposure acids gases salts water temperature extremes construction materials properties containers foods beverages ceramics conduct electricity insulators spark plugs televisions heat resistance ceramics industrial furnaces boilers parts space vehicles glass important ceramic materials mainly property transparency ceramics metals earth word ceramic comes greek word means potter clay ceramics materials called silicates include clay feldspar quartz sand raw materials occur abundantly earth crust inexpensive obtain ceramic materials clay silicates carbon oxygen nitrogen porcelain type ceramic material clay feldspar quartz products porcelain include fine dinnerware sinks art objects insulators processing ceramics begins mining raw materials raw materials crushed form powder powdered raw materials mixed order obtain ceramic properties water added powdered raw material mixture ceramic material shaped object
chemical reaction change substances formed reactions result release energy reactions start energy added burning reaction requires energy started results rapid release greater amount energy catalysts allow reactions occur quickly lowering amount energy needed start reaction chemical bond formed energy released chemical bond broken energy absorbed fuel substance burns easily burned supply energy widely fuels hydrocarbons compounds carbon hydrogen energy released fuel burns form heat amount heat released controlled changing amount fuel amount oxygen length burning takes place surface area solid liquid fuels heat released burning engine burning fuels adds substances atmosphere responsible pollution problems metallurgy process separating metals ores metals compounded elements rock ores step metallurgy crush wash ore remove sand rock step chemically break ore separate metal final step remove remaining impurities order obtain pure metal firing process heating materials high temperatures create ceramic objects
camera means record visual images directs light energy passes light sensitive film means chemical processing images film transferred special paper visual images preserved cameras centuries modern cameras range pocket size fully automatic large requiring expert manipulation camera basic parts body film holder shutter lens body light proof black box keeps unwanted light film film holder keeps film place shutter acts eyelid rate blinks called shutter speed shutter speed controls exposure exposure amount shutter open allowing light enter camera exposure varied cameras thousandth half able vary exposure helps photographer compensate variable levels light longer exposure longer light enter camera lens camera lens eye focuses light let shutter lens shield called iris iris camera functions iris eye hole called aperture size aperture larger smaller cameras control choose aperture size aperture control settings called stops cameras photoelectric cell light meter
polarizing filter acts picket fence think loose wire spring center pickets fence send transverse wave spring shook spring crests troughs move space fence suppose shook spring side side crests troughs reached fence pickets let pass light move transverse wave vibrations directions perpendicular direction motion polarizing filter vibrations direction light goes filter vibrations direction pass light passed polarized vibrations direction happens polarized light strikes polarizing filter filter aligned direction crosswise original direction light stopped single polarizing filter effect light reflected shiny surface reflection light makes vibrations parallel surface polarizing filter aligned parallel vibrations pass reflected light stopped reflected glare cut sound moves wave vibrations direction wave motion wave sound polarized evidence supports model light transverse wave wave
seen felt presence static electricity shock reach doorknob walk carpet hair attracted comb dry remove clothes dryer cling annoying laundry stuck shock walk living room carpet reach doorknob times effects static electricity dangerous textiles paper plastic insulators factories materials travel high speed machines friction created move air result buildup static electricity result product sell covered clinging bits dust dirt charged material jam machine air factory full fine lint dust spark explosion potentially dangerous situation involving static electricity occurs fueling jet jet fuel travels high speed fuel lines filters valves substances fuel insulators explosive friction build charge liquid fuel spark disastrous scientists engineers developed products techniques help rid static charge safely machines grounded charge build air factory humid charge leak air easily
cave dwellers demand energy small small amount energy cook food tools tamed animals energy began grow food fields plowed animals animals carry heavy objects energy usage increased rate population grew invention steam engine energy increased rapidly energy increased faster population growth energy list things morning activities energy source energy electricity natural gas food fuel activities energy seldom think ways energy granted need shock november lights england states york city towns cities found total darkness thousands stranded subways elevators places power restored days fortunately survived minor inconvenience point complex society dependent energy supply energy cut present oil commonly energy resource industrialized nations demand oil countries larger supply
sources energy house including natural gas electricity wood energy turn water tap energy electricity water pumps pipes record ways energy home energy starts electricty switches clock radio soon turn lights bathroom cold morning set furnace thermostat higher central heating cooling systems largest amount home energy morning shower requires hot water heater harder hot water heaters natural gas electricity hot water heater largest amount home energy shower lights begin going parts house making breakfast require electricity coffee maker toaster electric burner stove eggs milk butter refrigerator refrigerator freezer largest amount electricity home run garbage disposal electricity weekend load laundry breakfast washer hot water electricity dryer gas electricity electric dryer fourth largest amount electricity home kitchen stove gas dryers energy cheaper run school energy home breakfast
things conserve energy reduce energy costs home tips saving energy areas house encourage family conserve energy ways furnace air conditioner home biggest energy consumers ways reduce consumption energy air conditioners furnaces dirty air filters energy clean filters cleaning filters month help reduce energy consumption ways reduce heating cooling energy consumption include dressing appropriately turning furnace air conditioner keeping drapes blinds closed cold weather conserves warm air keeping closed hottest part conserves cool air fireplace house sure fireplace damper closed fireplace washers dryers big energy users conserve energy wash full loads washer small load attachment variable water levels set water level according size load overload washer cold water wash rinse cycles lightweight clothes dry faster shorter dryer cycle lighting smallest user energy home reducing usage result worthwhile savings replacing low wattage bulbs equivalent wattage saves energy watt bulb produces light watt bulbs energy
pictures pages actors taking places movie set actor soldier miner doctor writer decides english language noun part actor plays lights camera action director cue actors move smile cry leap ride sunset english language verb action actor takes read sentence picture opposite page detective found clue noun names actor verb tells action noun tells sentence belongs part sentence called subject verb belongs part sentence called predicate sentence main parts subject predicate read detective magnifying glass group words sentence part missing subject predicate sentence complete incomplete group words sentence examined clue part missing subject predicate sentence complete incomplete complete sentence subject predicate read sentences notice break actor action parts jerry heard weird sounds curious crowds ran streets look sentences carefully
sentences subject predicate complement read sentence pay special attention sentence parts joined underlined word crocodiles snakes reptiles subjects joined word reptiles live water breathe air verbs joined word reptiles eat plants animals direct objects joined word words called conjunctions sentence conjunctions join parts sentence underlined conjunctions join sentence strong fearless settlers drove wagons deep rivers forests conjunctions join modifiers prepositional phrases read sentences crocodiles legs snakes fish breathe gills reptiles breathe lungs crocodiles air die look group words underlined conjunction group words subject predicate conjunction join parts sentence join complete sentences conjunctions join complete sentences unit exploring words arranged sentences words studying grammar language title lesson language lesson unit explore etiquette language word language etiquette usage
share experiences gained senses descriptive words words express moods feelings writing interesting imaginative think fire engines fire describe fire engines travel think screeching screaming clanging roaring racing swerving think firefighters scene fire describe actions feelings think nimble quick moving soot covered weary daring brave courageous teacher directions listen hear think words listen hear mean thing hear listen actions hear means pick sounds hear dog bark child cry car screech halt listen means attentive hear listen information directions explanations times difficult listener speaker uninteresting audience restless noisy making difficult concentrate think times difficult listener guidelines help listener sit hear clearly allow distracted listen main idea think speaker saying don interrupt jot questions ask look later
look sentences woman guided explored wilderness river sacajawea guided meriwether lewis william clark explored louisiana territory mississippi river nouns sentences nouns sentence common nouns places nouns sentence places nouns called proper nouns proper nouns begin proper noun names person place thing proper noun begins capital letter difference sentences birds flew south week plan spend winter south sentence south direction directions capitalized sentence south names region place proper noun capitalized look sentences bedroom faces east sister goes school east sentence east direction sentence east region need help knowing capitalize nouns turn capital letters handbook notice underlined words sentences store completely equip campers equipment campers bought heavy sentence kind word equip added equip sentence word ending called kind word equipment nouns identified word endings called noun suffixes
words speak listen read write large storehouse words understand express clearly energy power machine words give power communicating build word power collect words collect words express impressions receive senses review words unit describe things heard saw smelled tasted touched collect words mean thing words english mean thing choose expresses exactly want say words think mean thing quiet think silent peaceful calm soothing restful relaxed unruffled noiseless soundless mute voiceless unspoken collect words opposite meanings quiet noisy things clearer saying street quiet honking horns sirens screaming shouts cans clattering collect words begin prefixes think undo unhappy happy unhealthy healthy change words prefixes eat sweet hunt words collect collect words sound alike spelled differently mean things shoe shoo
terrarium terrarium read explanation pay special attention writer choice words terrarium covered transparent container planted small group plants order terrarium need materials glass plastic container jar container deep allow plants grow removable transparent cover glass plastic wrap drainage material sand gravel soil plants seeds moist woodland terrarium kind keeping small plants ferns mosses fungi rooting cuttings put half inch layer sand gravel mixture bottom container drainage add inch moist soil ordinary garden potting soil holes soil gently insert roots plants press soil sprinkle carefully water cover glass plastic adjust lid moisture collects water soil appears dry week lid open terrarium direct sunlight overheat terrarium needs attention easy pleased results follow guidelines giving explanation choose subject interest group
civil war burst splits upheavals taking sides smiles forgotten spring escape notice flowers push stepped birds sing unheeded special assistant skinny pleasant boy twelve named gaylen put book reading frowned civil war happened prime minister climbing stool desk show king dictionary pleased part liked affectionate dog annoying loose boot muddy place smiled bulky big bag boxes matter fact trouble fine especially calamitous saying king delicious fried fish care fried fish queen delicious christmas pudding king knew delicious thing apple began quarreling court left yelling shouting shaking fists gaylen poll kingdom definition delicious quarreling broke agree delicious hemlock wanted king took advantage uproar dammed river
verbs forms help identify look verbs sentences father hard scientists late verb tells happening called plain form verb kind subject plain form look subject sentence plain form verb plural noun pronouns look sentences forms verbs debbie works supermarket hurries school pays study test ending added plain form verb sentences ending es added plain form verb sentence notice spelling change sentence kind subject works hurries pays es form verb singular noun pronouns verbs sentences refer past present future yesterday played softball lee pitched team verbs sentences tells happened verbs show past form verbs end end ed past form verbs adding ed plain form
minerals split neatly cleanly pieces sides split pieces form plane surfaces separated surfaces smooth flat minerals split neatly cleanly planes planes form fixed angles relation cleavage quality mineral split neatly cleanly planes angles relation mineral split zones weakness called cleavage zones exist mineral particles molecules making mineral responsible cleavage zones particles form regular pattern mineral bricks making brick wall form regular pattern mineral split easily joint particles meet cleavage zone directions particles mineral form distinctive patterns mineral distinctive cleavage zones important diamond cutter cleavage zones diamond diamond cutter wishes split large diamond cuts shallow groove diamond groove cut parallel zones weakness diamond diamond cutter places steel wedge groove taps wedge sharply hammer judged zone weakness correctly diamond cleave neatly cleanly pieces
igneous rocks grouped number ways according structure composition formed characteristic book simplicity identification group igneous rocks according color light dark rocks group include granite obsidian pumice rocks consist mainly minerals quartz feldspar main difference rocks group size crystal grains granite gray pink color principal minerals types granite feldspar quartz mica hornblende shown fig minerals fairly large easily visible crystals grains feldspar makes half granite responsible color feldspar seen smooth light colored grains rock quartz grains cloudy glass chips mica hornblende commonly seen dark specks scattered granite granite course grained texture large size crystals learned crystals large granite cooled slowly deep earth crust crust bedrock making continents large land areas consists granite addition mountain chains rocky mountains white mountains hampshire consist largely granite tough granite frequently buildings monuments
learned rocks change form composition subjected heat pressure called metamorphic rocks process rocks undergo called metamorphism reason rocks undergo change large sections earth fold break reason molten materials flow breaks crust heat produced molten materials composition rocks rocks changed metamorphism divided groups leaflike rocks rocks rocks consist compressed parallel bands layers material give rocks striped appearance bands thick thinner pages book rocks layers shale metamorphosed slate formed slate highly splits easily thin smooth slabs slabs roofing sidewalks writing slates slate occurs variety colors black blue red green brown rocks shale basalt slate metamorphosed schist consist thin parallel bands flakes minerals shown fig types schist abundant mineral schist mica schist layers mica talc schist graphite schist large amounts minerals found parts england island manhattan consists schist
ago huge mass ice moved canada covered large section northern united states mass slow moving ice composed glaciers according estimates geologists ice feet thick places southern edge glaciers extended island york roughly courses ohio missouri rivers northwest montana fig shows portion north america covered glaciers glacier retreated north retreat marked end series glacial movements going million period indications ice ages ice advanced retreated times glaciers form mountainous cold regions snow falls winter melt summer happens snow collects deep layers snowflakes deep mass snow squeezed pressure snow lying top pressure produced weight snow tightly packed snowflakes mass melt snow collects mountains melted snow melt water trickles bottom mass snow open spaces exist snowflakes
mass rocks crust earth move continuously sideways movements slight unaware times ground trembles sudden strong movement crust occurs movements crust slight called earthquakes strong quakes deadly earthquakes destroy entire village city minutes taking thousands lives leaving thousands homeless century killed earthquakes earthquakes movements earth crusts slow barely noticeable sensitive instruments period gradual movements produce results impressive sudden movements earthquakes find remains extinct sea animals rocks tops mountains means mountaintops floor ocean mountains land features plateaus plains result movements crust million earthquakes occur fewer earthquakes destroy property injure geologists study earthquakes learned likely occur addition study earthquakes geologists learned deal interior earth pressures earth acting rocks crust
plateau broad flat region raised hundreds thousands feet sea level plateau form large section crust rises folded broken appalachian plateau extends york alabama western side appalachian mountains formed west colorado plateau formed millions ago tens thousands square miles earth crust rose mile sea level plateau rose colorado river flows region slowly carved grand canyon deep rocks plateau fig plateaus referred mountains region catskill mountains york plateau deeply carved erosion catskill region looks mountainous basically plateau simplest describing difference plateau mountain rocks mountain tilted horizontal plateau rocks horizontal plateau plain broad flat region high plateau plains classified marine lake glacial alluvial lava names originate sediments rocks plains limit discussion marine lake glacial plains marine plains ocean plains form shallow parts ocean rise sea level
map flat sheet paper part earth surface drawn drawing earth surface perfectly accurate impossible show curvature earth flat sheet paper distorting appearance earth spite limitation applies maps types maps invented proven road map tells road direction travel reach destination road map helps determine distance city topographic maps geologists earth scientists show distances directions show accurately size shape location natural features surface earth earth huge sphere circumference miles equator earth huge map makers devised system reference lines locate spot earth quickly easily surface earth divided number equally spaced lines half circles earth spherical extend north south meet north pole south pole lines called meridians fig surface earth divided group equally spaced lines circles completely circle earth east west direction
difference elevation contour lines called contour interval top section fig spaces foot line foot line total elevation feet divided tells distance adjacent contour lines feet contour interval feet surveyor decides interval contour lines represent change elevation feet interval finally selects depend slope land gently sloping nearly level land choose contour interval feet mountainous steep slopes choose contour interval feet fig distance contour lines helps visualize steepness land high hill steepest contour lines closest hill steep contour lines farther contour map find elevation spot bench mark shown case determine approximate elevation contour interval fig recall contour interval feet find height high hill count contour lines starting labeled find high hill higher feet high hill feet high map show contour line
study scientists number organisms living extinct forms developed forms existed evidence extinct forms exist found sedimentary rocks form fossils say sedimentary rocks earth frozen fourth dimension locked sedimentary rocks fossils enable decipher record past events place earth fossil remains extinct organism preserved naturally crust earth fossils found embedded sedimentary rocks conditions sedimentary rocks formed dead organism decays slowly leave trace existence rocks evidence existence organism present sedimentary rocks hundreds millions fossils found metamorphic rocks virtually found igneous rocks magma igneous rocks formed hot organism caught magma destroyed heat leaving trace remains study fossil tell organism looked give idea habits organism fossil cases entire body extinct animal preserved looked study parts directly
addition factors discussed expansion contraction large masses air affects temperature atmosphere air contracts hotter filled bicycle tire air hand held bicycle pump pump chamber hotter continue force air tire molecules air entering pump chamber compressed downward movement plunger molecules air pushed heat energy air increases feel heat hand hand air expands cooler feel effect hold hand stream air escaping inflated bicycle tire air pumped tire air compressed air escapes tire molecules air move rapidly volume air increases distance molecules increases heat energy contained air decreases escaping air feels cool blows hand kind heating cooling effect takes place gigantic scale atmosphere current air rises atmosphere atmospheric pressure surrounding mass rising air decreases mass rising air expand air expands cooler mass air moisture cool rate feet altitude gains
mass air moves parallel surface earth called wind mass air moves surface earth called air current winds air currents important transport large quantities heat moisture part atmosphere parts atmosphere city dwellers air pollution present threat winds carry polluted air bring fresh clean air air stop moving carbon dioxide harmful gases accumulate surface earth existence earth seriously threatened differences temperature pressure humidity exist atmosphere continually setting air motion study horizontal movement air surface earth call wind chapter solar radiation heats earth parts earth absorb heat parts earth earth heated unequally atmosphere receives heat earth heated unequally result differences air density occur differences air density turn result differences atmospheric pressure chief winds air currents differences atmospheric pressure simple experiment shows unequal heating earth results movements atmosphere
millions tons water enter leave atmosphere hour water enters atmosphere water vapor invisible gas conditions atmosphere suitable water vapor clouds fog dew frost rain snow total amount water vapor atmosphere remains water atmosphere falls earth place rain snow replaced water enters atmosphere places water vapor visible invisible forms water atmosphere affect ways part played lives fog snow rain obvious obvious water vapor influences weather place absorbing heat energy releasing heat energy night water vapor atmosphere helps prevent daily air temperature fluctuating recall moist air dense dry air amount water vapor air atmospheric pressure change temperature pressure amount water vapor atmosphere closely related weather studying meteorologists learned understand weather predict weather origin moisture atmosphere water vapor evaporates surface ocean smaller important quantities water vapor evaporate surfaces lakes streams land
open ocean moon overhead water beneath bulges upward feet earth rotates shore areas pass beneath moon bulging ocean moves shore incoming tide earth continues rotate tide reaches peak begins recede peak called high tide hours later tide falls lowest level begins rise lowest level called low tide rotation earth takes hours expect tides hours high low actually tides hours minutes reason difference earth rotates moon moves ahead orbit hours moon ahead point earth occupied hours earlier takes earth additional minutes additional minutes added hour period catch moon high tide occurs midnight low tide occur high tide occur height tides greatly affected shape coast shape ocean floor depth coastal waters factors influence tides occur general water level shoreline rise feet high tide
july american astronauts neil armstrong edwin aldrin set foot moon astronaut michael collins continued orbit moon spacecraft apollo ii carried earth astronauts trip moon dramatic step continuing exploration universe traveling moon exploring unknown parts earth voyagers unknown require basically preparation explorers sort vehicle carry supplies captain james cook explored antarctic islands south pacific sailing ship french explorers north america pere jacques marquette traveled lakes region canoe admiral robert peary reached north pole dogsled marco polo traveled china horseback explorers addition vehicle means finding approximate position able navigate point history explorers depended mainly knowledge stars find explorers aided instruments magnetic compasses accurate clocks called determine position explorers unknown astronauts vehicle spacecraft carry supplies explorers depend knowledge navigation help guide space
technique steering ship airplane spacecraft destination called navigation finding hometown strange city easy streets identified clear signs signposts surface earth space guide navigator destination navigating surface earth easy maps system lines latitude longitude chapter determine position surface earth navigator need find latitude longitude latitude tells degrees north south equator longitude tells degrees east west prime meridian recall passes greenwich england latitude measured degrees north south equator equator latitude north pole north latitude latitude equator north pole place halfway equator north pole latitude finding latitude navigator instrument called sextant basically sextant consists telescope system mirrors scale fig navigator northern hemisphere determining latitude sextant locates north star telescope system mirrors aligns incoming starlight image star appears rest earth horizon
hear read words find mean look dictionary look clues meaning word reading clues front chapter show ways find clues easier discover meanings words find word reading find word context context means sentence paragraph word context word helps discover word means context clue word group words leads meaning king henry ruler england susan ruler measure paper word ruler mean things mean king leader mean flat measuring stick meaning ruler sentence tell seeing word ruler sentence discovered meaning looking word context sentence writers give context clues word meanings ways learn look clues writer tells meaning word puts definition word context definition sentence sentence
speak levels language speak choose words fit situation words wrong level language sound place let look katy mark walking school saw principal coming sidewalk mark morning wood katy hey cool mark language fit situation talking older person formal katy greeting friend age case language fit standard english language understand easily kinds standard english need choose words carefully times informal suppose special say write think language asked announcement school talent show pta meeting say tuesday evening october boys girls jefferson school present annual talent show program presented auditorium parents relatives friends cordially invited attend announcement careful thoughts clear words understand complete sentences formal standard english special situations
english language borrows words languages languages american indian spanish french italian dutch german settlers america learned words american indians indians taught names trees fruits vegetables indians taught settlers word squash indians learned words settlers country group brought set words french brought words grand ballet fabric german brought word kindergarten dutch brought word dock words part english language borrow words neighbors mexico neighbor south mexico speak spanish borrowed spanish words neighbors mexico mexicans borrowed english words kind trade countries borrow trade words add languages english language words words built words words ways build words words words words put word word sense word called compound word english language compound words compound words
suppose hear word want look dictionary find need learn open dictionary place open dictionary middle half alphabet left side half side open dictionary middle words words letters middle alphabet picture shows look find pages beginning letter letters beginning alphabet front book letters end alphabet end book top dictionary page guide words large letters guide word left tells word listed page guide word tells word listed page looking word guide words help find guide words closest alphabetical order word look words page word suppose looking word song find pages dictionary look guide words begin guide words pages dictionary page word song sets guide words begin look letter guide word
need dictionary understand word sentence found word help clues clues help decide word means sure study sentence ways writer helps writer tells meaning word rest sentence ax gash deep cut tree writer thinks need help word gash sentence tell tells gash deep cut times writer tells meaning word separate sentence seen milky group millions stars writer explains milky sentence tells milky group millions stars information sentences find meaning word hail fell storm hail small round pieces ice writer helps understand hail sentence tells hail falls storm sentence tells hail small round pieces ice sentences tell hail special kind ice falls storms writer clues meaning word
vocabulary grows learn words meaning word clear hear read word difficult words difficult broken parts meanings smaller parts look word worker base word worker yes word unworkable broken parts parts base word beginning un ending able words find meanings chapter teach find base word words teach meanings common word beginnings word endings information able unlock words words built beginning ending added word beginning un added word tie word word untie ending added word move movement words tie move examples base words base word word beginning ending added base word words base word read ending er added reader beginning mis added misread
writer give obvious definition word key words signal definition tell meaning indirectly restatement restatement tells definition easy spot look examples rotting leaves put fertilizer plant food roses saw colony large white sea birds rocks sea eyes limpid pools water perfectly clear pate chopped liver writer restates fertilizer plant food keys restatement comes key word key commas separate restatement rest sentence restated large white sea birds dashes separate words large white sea birds rest sentence dashes key restatement comes words perfectly clear restate limpid small key comma separates words perfectly clear rest sentence writer parentheses fourth words chopped liver restate pate parentheses key examples show keys restatement read word don recognize follow steps examine sentence word
decide going study try study study school study break play study early morning asleep idea set amount study regular homework busy entire rest read library book write letter tell house study place help brothers sisters find special places likely show family concentrating want interrupted think kinds things read include things directions making soup favorite comic strip sports pages newspaper street signs school assignments books choose library don read read quickly scan skim read carefully words adjust reading rate reading pages describe ways read kinds things help improve reading consider situations teacher list birthday copy
learned paragraph group sentences learn paragraph sentence special topic sentence comes tells main idea tells entire paragraph going topic sentence owls sound hears sentence paragraph tells rest sentence explain owls sound main idea let look paragraph notice sentence adds main idea owls sound hears hear owl sound experts birds agree describe owl calls scientists think call horned owl sounds hoo hoo hoo describe call hoo hoo hoo bird experts say call hoo hoo hoo oo hoot hoot sentence tells happens hear owl sentence tells experts disagree describe owl calls fourth sixth sentences give ways describing call horned owl sentences adds idea topic sentence paragraph starts topic sentence lizards move ways
paragraph describes city building notice details writer description house brownstone buildings west street fact looked sadder rest rundown rooming houses fire moved broken windows stared blind eyes boys block climbed inside building hoped find place clubhouse saw floorboards burned ceiling beams charred blackened stinging smell smoke hung empty rooms topic sentence tells paragraph brownstone building called house sentences follow give details house sentence tells house looked sad suggests house rundown rooming house sentence tells fire fourth sentence tells moved sentence tells building broken windows seventh sentence tells floorboards burned eighth sentence tells ceiling beams charred blackened sentence tells empty rooms smelled smoke writer developed paragraph details included details building looked included detail smelled
explanatory paragraph explains type explanatory paragraph meet directions times called paragraph explains think times read directions read tests worksheets read game boxes recipes directions important common explain order tell arranged sequence paragraph explains steam hot dog directions easy follow sequence person reading knows exactly steaming hot dog simple cook fill pan inches water sure pan wider length hot dog boil water put hot dog water finally turn heat cover pan minutes remove cooked hot dog water notice writer words finally words help person follow directions order directions order specific person giving directions say blocks
higgins found clock attic looked fine standing telling thought bought clock bedroom clock higgins clock ran attic clock minute past thought bought clock kitchen ten minutes check higgins ran attic attic clock minutes ran bedroom bedroom clock minutes don thought bought clock hall twenty minutes past ran attic attic clock twenty minutes past ran kitchen kitchen clock twenty minutes past ran bedroom bedroom clock twenty minutes past thought higgins clockmaker hall clock says twenty minutes past attic clock says twenty minutes past kitchen clock says twenty minutes past bedroom clock says twenty minutes past don higgins
chirping noise sing sleep catch cricket put glass jar dirt grass bottom cricket chirp listen hear chirping noise coming crickets hide things rocks logs lift rock log cricket hiding quick catch cricket spike tail cricket lays eggs ground cricket chirping noises put start looking cricket heard spike tail chirping cricket tickles jumps want cricket put jar put cover top sure cover holes cricket needs air crickets eat seeds roots berries grow ground feed cricket bread crumbs raisins bits lettuce raisin bread crumbs tiny bit lettuce cricket small lot food cricket needs water drink wet fingers shake open jar water goes jar look raindrops cricket drink wants cricket chirping noise
need express thoughts feelings expression forms words smile face show happiness shrug shoulders express uncertainty siren fire accident arrow points street course common forms communication speaking writing depend words words combined meaningful arrangement pattern communication takes place patterns speaking writing differ speak depend gestures facial expressions help communicate thoughts ideas write words punctuation ideas clear easy read construct sentences punctuate properly look groups words spoken end telephone conversation yes sure afternoon bring skates don late word lines exactly meant case thought incomplete words speaker missing lines express complete thoughts sentences groups words express complete thoughts sentences sentence group words expressing complete thought sentences notice capital letter beginning sentence mark punctuation end tokyo largest cities
simple sentence sentence subject verb sentences studying simple sentences sentence subject verb compound subject considered subject parts likewise compound verb verb phrase considered verb examples simple sentences soaking rain help farmers sally diane players junior varsity team susan read planet junior brown reported week compound sentence sentence simple sentences joined connecting word simple sentences joined sentence form compound sentence words combine simple sentences compound sentence examples fifty scientists conquered diseases common cold persists citrus fruits green vegetables part diet supply needed vitamins called children supper john refused leave ball game jo didn hear learning diagram compound sentence help parts related diagram compound sentence diagrams simple sentences put step find subject verb part compound sentence diagram part sentence
notice difference sentences sentence interesting house stood hill haunted house stood barren hill sentence additional words haunted barren house location vivid words called adjectives adjectives describe nouns pronouns adjective haunted describes modifies noun house adjective barren modifies noun hill adjectives definite idea house hill adjective word modifies noun pronoun nouns animal city general meaning class things words definite specific need adjective word describes makes clear meaning noun adjectives pronouns nouns adjectives modify words describe adjectives answer questions kind adjectives phrases heavy type adjectives don word modify follow box empty adjective empty modifies box woman kind wise helped adjectives kind wise modify woman study adjectives sentences arrow shows word adjective modifies drawing chosen winner tells chosen visited san francisco days tells days team eager eager tells kind team
sentence short built foundation called sentence base sentence base subject verb sentences element essential meaning sentence appears complete predicate verb word complement completes meaning begun subject verb verbs express action children play began verbs call word person thing action subject directed complement receiver action called object kinds objects direct objects indirect objects complements sentences direct objects verb notice nouns pronouns edith met dolores class edith helped girls led meeting direct object receives action verb shows result action answers questions action verb eats berries berries receives action verb eats shop manufactures small parts jet engines parts result action verb manufactures direct object follow linking verb linking verb express action notice direct object prepositional phrase augusta savage sculptor harlem renaissance verb express action direct object learned lesson safety
addition direct objects indirect objects kinds complements predicate nominative predicate adjective complements called subject complements refer subject sentence words heavy type sentences subject complements notice follow linking verbs julio president class president refers subject julio tomorrow late late refers subject tomorrow refers subject barbara looks sleepy morning sleepy refers subject barbara subject complement complement refers describes explains subject subject complements follow linking verbs action verbs order recognize subject complements review knowledge linking verbs kinds subject complements predicate nominative predicate adjective occur predicate sentence refer subject words heavy type sentences predicate piece stone arrowhead night sleet snow porpoises members whale family predicate nominative kind subject complement noun pronoun explains identifies subject sentence follows linking verb dictionary valuable tool homework assignments tool predicate nominative linking verb refers subject dictionary
constructions pose special problems agreement subject verb section cover nouns singular form group things class family team group flock nouns called collective nouns singular mean group unit plural mean individual members group collective nouns singular plural class divided opinions play class means individuals plural takes plural verb class decided science table room class thought unit singular takes singular verb family coming reunion family plural suggests members acting individuals family plans attend beth graduation family singular acting unit subject follows verb sentences beginning careful determine subject sure verb agrees sentences begin difficulty finding subject sure subject verb agree analyzing sentences remember subject word look verb find word verb makes statement
noticed words single noun examples rule page find fire fighter tompkins list persons bryant park list places merry round list things word groups called compound nouns parts compound noun written word words hyphenated commonly compound nouns doubt write compound noun consult dictionary dictionaries give correct forms word find vice president written hyphen rule wise form dictionary pronoun word place nouns refer noun names clear mean clear identity person thing talking references give jody looked billfold found empty awkward unnecessary repeat billfold part sentence pronoun job simply taking place noun billfold
sentences ask questions sentences begin word order places subject unusual position questions begin verb verb helper frequently begin words subject ordinarily follows verb verb helper happy ending questions begin helping verb subject comes helper main verb find subject turning question statement finding verb asking front verb door open door open open door tell news tell news tell subject sentence spoken word sentence word appears place verb expect find subject sentence started real subject comes verb called verb subject labeled sentences log cabin clearing oranges refrigerator find subject sentence omit ask verb phone booth
chocolate pudding mixture thick pasty cools sets solid surface begin show wrinkles course chocolate pudding hard rock give idea rocks formed cook imagination pudding soft drop raisins nuts pudding sets mixture chocolate pudding raisins nuts earth formed rock molten called magma interior earth today magma hot liquid magma cooled trapped minerals gold quartz mica rocks mixtures minerals rocks discussed formed help heat materials earth melted heat surface cooled gradually form rocks rocks formed ago called igneous rocks igneous means fire formed chapter molten materials inside earth break earth surface erupting volcano hot magma escapes volcano called lava lava cools rapidly forms rock igneous rocks magma mixtures minerals rocks formed lava mixtures minerals
put half pound red hamburger meat broiler turn heat wait end browned tasty chunk meat hamburger changed heat put broiler similar rocks cooked earth changed kinds rocks chapters learned classes rocks igneous rocks formed original heat cooling sedimentary rocks formed sediments seas rocks formed nature stand things continued happen nature class rocks class rocks started igneous sedimentary igneous sedimentary rocks acted heat pressure changed hardness form crystals changed size cases minerals formed call rocks metamorphic rocks means changed shape rocks rocks changed heat heat supplied magma earth magma red hot melted stone hotter fire seen moving rocks rub friction results produces heat rocks changed pressure rocks lie rocks push force
run finger top school desk top wooden dresser home smooth surface true body car surface coffeepot industry need smoothing surfaces wood metal minerals rubbing smoothing called abrasives scouring powder home abrasives scouring powders mixtures sand quartz aluminum oxide feel rough fingers rub powder pot dirt comes surface pot clean shiny woodshop rough wood surfaces smoother skin rub sandpaper emery paper sandpaper coating paper surface glue plastic thousands quartz chips thinly spread glue emery paper mineral corundum look chart page corundum high hardness key diamonds hard scratch corundum women familiar small emery boards file fingernails heavy grinding cutting industry grinding wheels corundum minerals cutting grinding polishing called abrasives abrasives minerals quartz corundum diamond think heat energy think coal gasoline materials burn give heat
suppose hike lost questions mind direction walk camp questions asked ancient explorers looking unexplored lands answer questions invented maps fig shows simple map hike arrow north face north south hand east left hand west troop camp swift valley waterfalls hike miles west miles south miles west guidelines direction distance return hike miles east miles north miles east map answers questions direction things tell need cross river hike level land need cross hills mountains try experiment shut eyes hand explore face locate ear left ear locate forehead north chin south simply putting fingers run hand rest face find high spots low spots lips nose cheekbones eyes eyebrows
read delightful story rip van winkle rip lived york american revolution rip fellows wife nagged sneak mountains lie sun rip fell asleep slept twenty woke town believe eyes wife daughter grown friends changed reading age earth measured billions rip short sleep comparison age earth wouldn wonderful rip fallen asleep million ago woke today story tell speak ancient speak fossils fossils remains ancient ago fossils formed dinosaurs live saber toothed tigers fight mammoths sap oozing ancient pines birds answer questions study ancient age earth paragraph chapter page learned limestone formed let look rivers streams tumble rocks thousands thousands water washes rocks dissolves calcium carbonate mineral calcite
teeth bones shells hard mineral filled parts surprising find parts preserved millions arizona found bones ancient lizards called dinosaurs kansas found remains extinct bird china java unearthed skulls jaw bones ancient bones generally preserved sandy places deep caves pieces jig saw puzzle scientists put hard parts animals teeth shells bones preserved fossils parts missing scientists guesses complete story rain dirt road country remains soft muddy truck drives leaving sharp clear imprint tread large tires light sports car leaves tracks smaller tires farmer drives wagon road tracks wagon wheels hooves horse soon farmer boy comes road dog road shows shoe marks prints paws dog sun comes strong hot road baked dry tracks mud hardened prints nose detective tell road animals walked soft mud millions ago mud sediment bottom shallow pond
expression india says mad dogs englishmen noonday sun noon sun rays greatest angle earth directly overhead hottest native indians englishmen knew wiser stay indoors noon earth rotates sun earth slanted rays air heated sun sets air cooler cooler scientists difference sun noon setting sun air heated earth waters continue radiate heat space happens heat atmosphere let bunsen burner fig hold hand inches flame hand feels cooler inches hold pinwheel flame spin air expands cools heat spread conditions atmosphere heat cool radiation heats air expansion air cools hot humid dusty evening air remains warm air lot moisture lot dust expand
town donora pennsylvania quiet peaceful american town burst news tragedy place thick dense smoky blanket air settled town seventeen dead sick story place times city london similar tragedy counted dead word born smog means smoke fog reread paragraph chapter unit course materials shown fig remain amounts shown water vapor changing slightly call pure air course air pure dust materials matter fact air skies blue dust particles scatter white sunlight industries begun adding foreign materials air foreign material air called pollutant call condition air pollution pollutants look fig form burning ways grinding metal stone plastics leave fine dust escapes air dust pollutant dangerous pollutants chemicals fires burn fuel completely leaves carbon fine dust call soot rhyme foot
cares millions listen radio read weather report newspaper care care health depends dressing properly weather father want drive bus aunt able plane home dodgers rained los farmer ohio change plans harvesting recreation health safety occupations depend weather light rain drizzle today ending tonight high today winds east southeast miles hour low tonight low cloudy chance showers tomorrow precipitation probability cent today tonight cent tomorrow temperatures period tomorrow wednesday expected average normal daytime highs lows chance showers saturday sunday weather report tells weather going today tomorrow possibly days addition report summary weather full hours listing weather large cities finally weather map radio tv stations broadcast weather summaries cities dial special telephone number summary weather weather report describes conditions atmosphere
topography shape elevation land soundings exploration bottom oceans pretty clear idea topography ocean floor leave shore land slopes gently water depth feet level continental shelf floor drops suddenly lower level level miles deep called continental slope slope drops floor ocean basin basin smooth level mountain chains called ridges deep trenches land mountain ridges peaks level plateaus deep canyons ocean floor volcanoes feet bottom ooze ooze red clay finally reach rocky part ocean bottom bottom find basalt top basalt layer layer lighter granite rock layers igneous rock formed cooling molten melted magma rest earth formed lithosphere valleys mountains ocean floor canyons mountains hawaii standing ocean lofty mauna kea reaches feet upward ocean floor sticks water feet total height feet feet higher mt everest land
started ocean million ago today turning ocean food valuables science oceanography fastest growing sciences government governments soon cooperating huge projects realize hopes seas rhyme tells interdependence plants animals depend green plankton food photosynthesis turn nekton free swimming animals eat plankton fish whales huge strainers plankton algae ocean soup stomachs larger fish eat smaller fish food sharks seals whales humans lobsters prefer shrimp salad baked clams large fish satisfied raw meat interdependence called food chain relationship depends living things call food web scientists estimated tons fish need tons smaller things eat smaller organisms need tons plankton eat tuna fish think eaten food chain provide sandwich seafood civilization fish shellfish animals sea food food oils modern scientists satisfied catching fish net
ancient looked sky able shining spheres sun moon stars watched nights saw bodies changed positions skies circling overhead earth stood course earth flat heavens round earth center universe earth stood bodies skies revolved scheme universe taught greek scientist ptolemy completed ancient days telescopes watched carefully counted risings settings sun noted movements moon counted stars wrote positions stars noticed special bright stars wandered stars named planets greek word meaning wanderer planets moved speeds fastest called mercury speedy messenger gods planet shining beauty slower mercury called venus planet red named mars god war largest called jupiter father gods slowest planet called saturn god agriculture looked groups stars imagined saw shapes animals
ancient greek fable tells story father son wished escape island crete wings feathers wax stood wind flying high air boy flew close sun heat sun melted wax crashed death sea chinese firecrackers rockets shoot weapons enemies war raged americans british night september british fired rockets fort baltimore maryland francis scott key watched rocket red glare ship morning able star spangled banner flying fort closing days war ii britain allies alarmed nazi germany developed rocket rocket fired germany landed britain exploded war americans russians collected information rockets later decided spend money energy research rockets fig say able high air balloons jet planes yes look chart atmosphere fig feet miles air
burning fuel generates thrust force shoot satellites capsules space energy operate instruments pictures operate support systems electric generators earth heavy space missions need fuel oxygen fuel heavy oxygen nuclear energy developed give dangerous rays power gotten specially designed batteries left guessed sun source solar cell cells crystals silicon boron crystals exposed sunlight set charge generate electricity skylab mission wings capsule equipped solar cells solar panels swung face sun pick rays banks solar cells generate watts power kind power source fuel cell fuel cell gaseous oxygen hydrogen electrolyte called potassium hydroxide addition producing electricity cells produce pure water byproduct water drinking preparing food cooling equipment addition rays sun dangerous deadly rays receive dangerous rays ultraviolet rays atmosphere filters space atmosphere rays destroy materials capsules kill human beings
rocket launched capsule miles earth stage stage fires capsule separates rocket rocket capsule giant push thrust earth gravity pulling capsule happen capsule capsule exert force greater force earth gravity move secrets space travel capsule develop thrust strong overcome earth gravity escape earth surface free travel space fig cannon fires shell tower miles high course tower shell fly straight horizontally return sir isaac newton laws states object motion continues move straight line steady speed force acts force yes earth gravity shell begins move curved path curved earth quickly falls earth put force cannon shell travel farther curved path falls earth try force shell travels curved path falls cannon mile high tower capsule pushed rocket
lesson saw examples language confusing confusing learn works english learn lot english looking words words separated groups group words re going look verbs sentence verb pairs sentences follow show recognize verb notice sentence pair tells happening sentence pair tells happened past likes spinach liked spinach bus took bus late late word pair sentences word tells happening happened past word verb verb tells present tense tells past tense order recognize verb don means lawyers small details means tell verb sentence tell past tense means argue things important
sentence verb order sentence mean subject subject names person thing sentence sentences names person thing subject noun pronoun read announcer description happening football field words heavy type verbs find subject verb robinson fades passes ball falls miller hands miller turns runs loses tackler moves left avoids reaches yard line yard line scores look verbs heavy type present tense past tense tell look subject verb notice subject singular notice happens verb present tense subject singular plural robinson fades fade miller turns runs turn run scores score present tense kind subject singular plural goes verb ends read sentences notice sentences joined form sentence customer argued clerk argued customer clerk argued sentences subjects
read sentences notice word sentences pair past house hobbled past house team members locker room team members trudged locker room classroom half hour late strolled classroom half hour late sentences pair give information sentence picture happened verb general mean things verbs hobbled trudged strolled specific meanings specific give picture write try create pictures reader mind specific verbs joke specific verbs verb times joke read think verbs give information ordered meal ritz restaurant minutes later waiter served food waiter going kitchen stopped heard voice waiter waiter table trouble sir want manager manager heard going
suppose visited foreign country didn language spoken trouble understanding live trouble making understood suppose visited country spoke english easy understand easy understood easy think suppose british friend england suppose bonnet car wouldn close left petrol station walked home reached block flats saw lights working borrowed torch neighbor find lift digs turned telly cool drink general idea person talking speaking english expressions heavy type confuse kind expressions british english english american say thing hood car wouldn close left gas station walked home reached apartment house saw lights working borrowed flashlight neighbor find elevator apartment turned tv cool drink
read sentences notice sentences combined form sentence congratulated winners congratulated losers congratulated winners losers sentences direct objects sentence direct objects joined notice conjunction sentence conjunctions join things sentence remember pronouns direct objects joined nouns congratulated congratulated congratulated sentences notice mentions speaker person notice person named wrong say sentence expect say re naming person language let re thinking mean exactly say don figure speech figure speech expression mean exactly says meaning colorful imaginative saying says farfetched real message writer speaker wants give read sentence written picture page
lesson interviewed class wrote interview conversation tried writing sound real speech questions answers writing dialogue write answers interview case write entirely words speaker girl interviewed father wanted things age asked questions answers writing things let age think couple differences worried pollution energy shortage worried lot atomic bomb russia afraid war days course didn worry things friends thought things kind things friends think worried sports getting dates careful wear kind clothes school worried school things lot ways guess things don change written conversation form dialogue writer tried sound father talks
read article pay special attention heavy type professional athlete pretty exciting athletes adults paid playing game true play game game word describe addition pro athletes lot money expect matter hard glory goes fame sports athletes thought heroes ages hand pro athlete drawbacks constant traveling athletes say bad wants raise family drawback short athlete skill expected lawyers carpenters plan lives athletes hand play retire plan starting career finally danger injury sports injured athletes retire immediately danger getting hurt worse sports jobs look heavy type notice kind job shows connection coming
lesson learned direct objects nouns pronouns follow verbs follow verbs tell subject lesson read verb verb tell subject tells subject difference nouns pronouns follow direct objects read sentences find tom congratulated pitcher tom catcher sentence tom pitcher tom subject pitcher direct object sentence tom catcher person verb equal sign sentence tom catcher think difference important important pronoun noun decide sentences sounds winner winner prefer sentence sentence considered correct written english reason pronoun comes names person subject subject pronoun object pronoun say winner expect writing formal speaking expect write winner winner
read sentence picture agree says read sentence picture think sentence true words shape thoughts feelings happen suppose workers factory strike don re strike don especially care hear strike radio stations opening sentence radio report station workers superior tool company picketed factory entrance today station hoodlums superior tool company sealed factory entrance today sentences give information tries strikers sound bad sentence expression sealed slanted language word hoodlums slanted language tries things tries give information language tries feel information examples news story covered newspaper facts incident slanted directions read find happened read look words expressions try feel happened group students took part board education meeting night
lesson read participles things learned past participles present participles re going read happens past participles helping verbs look sentence helping verb hank moved furniture sentence subject hank sentence meaning furniture moved hank sentence subject furniture furniture furniture subject verb active voice examples active voice verbs millions saw tv program wilson began class noon children drew pictures subject verb passive voice passive voice form past participle examples passive voice verbs tv program seen millions class begun noon wilson pictures drawn children active passive voice difference say hank moved furniture furniture moved hank difference sentences slight difference difference meaning
pedestrian ray bradbury fun isaac science fiction stories stories try show future liked stories enjoyed fun fun taught machines young children find book talk teaching machines try imagine days read books decide fun pedestrian arrested walking streets night person streets home watching tv suspected strange arrested robot police car stories tell future societies pedestrian makes future sound frightening fun children feel sad chance read books live generally cheerful think fun pedestrian things notice read paragraph mentions stories author tells story writer liked paragraph tells story writer liked paragraph tells story paragraph compares stories recommends
facts sentences sentence subject predicate join sentences comma conjunction join sentences understand facts problems writing writing include sentence fragments run sentences read sentence fragments lesson learned fragment group words sentence reason written sentence fragment missing subject predicate examples light front window quickly disappeared view group words predicate subject written sentences fragment fragment sentence adding predicate light front window burned night fragment sentence adding subject jet plane quickly disappeared view sentence fragments kind problem writing run sentences run sentence written sentence sentence common kind run sentence missing conjunction
bottom running caged animal zoo pit screaming voice echoed walls coming tomb couldn understand saying words didn matter meaning clear don want die apparently factory fire exploded escaped rear windows find trapped couldn twenty feet street level looking bars steel grating thing tried lift grating sidewalk cemented firemen problem tools axes captain truck roof rope front building street full fire apparatus police holding firemen stretching direction dead bodies captain rope ordered hitch kind knot forms sort bo chair knew chosen hole wasn big fire department standards foot ten pounds size lowering tight places
tiny head longer poking fingers fallen loosely side eyes closed stared bird uncomprehendingly moment opened hand lay motionless palm dead dry mouthed continued stare beautiful plumage beak didn cut head dropping forefinger squeezed rough dead sheer fright mrs looked horror dared turn head mrs surprised nodding smiling drew neighbor side mrs short sighted vain despite age wear glasses hard look heart pounding don tell shock terrible happen mrs nodded stricken faced aye re attached thing think alternative whispered mrs thought moment try jack almond town end think keeps birds cleared throat voice dry croak
going sixty passed floor deedee horn blared erratically careened wall wall winding corridor control charlie regretted couldn stop floor sixty desperation deedee peeled honking strange telegraphy charlie heard crash row cars nearest ramp heard metallic explosion screech didn brakes thought shuddered shook head reached floor sixty cut sixty miles hour curve easily sixty wheel held radiator didn boil proud car proud going comfort deedee amazing things perception improved passing landing sixty tell instant space park truth longer paid attention point didn believe parking space didn difference began lose count floors continual upward spiral dizzy floors blurred couldn tell headed sideways miraculously vision cleared dizziness passed replaced marvelous giddy light feel powerful convinced wrong mistakes
heard grace wiley dr william mann director national zoological park washington handed picture tiny woman gigantic king cobra draped shoulders garden hose snake partly spread hood looking intently camera mistress stroked head quiet dr mann told grace lives house full poisonous snakes imported lets wander cats nonsense written snake charming nearly subject grace real secrets curious business looking picture deadly creature knew famous writer meant snake running brook horror snakes wife moved malibu house point call grace wiley living cypress los small room cottage surrounded open fields cottage big ramshackle barn snakes grace cleaning snake boxes hose arrived surprisingly woman scarcely feet tall weighed hundred pounds grace sixty active boy worked smooth dexterity saw hurriedly picked foot rattlesnake box cleaned poured cage
geraldine paused corner pull knee socks rubber bands hold legs itch dropped books sidewalk gave scratch pulled socks fingers poked top left stupid dog muttered grabbing books crossing traffic chews gym suit trouble socks geraldine shifted books hand muttering angrily mrs watson dog minded days week dollar passed hot dog corner waved shrugged say business bad thought guys pack forget hot dog money geraldine turned street wondering sister anita lunch glad didn eat free lunches high school sick funny looking tomato soup dried cheese sandwiches oranges green orange geraldine mother took sick geraldine miss gladys door thursdays cleaned apartment meat loaf geraldine dinner days geraldine managed breakfast
mami downstairs princess walk judy asked mother mother emptied brown grocery bag checking items look fifteen cents worth fatback look tiny piece sends shook head watch didn tell check weigh judy looked mother expecting complain don dona buy credit think cheat cash buy trust charge store buy credit charge cash paying customer mami walk princess judy asked want walk dog walking dog servant girl walk stupid dog wants walk love princess mother interrupted waving hands gesture annoyance mother change mind judy quickly left apartment brother angel asthma attack today knew mother lousy mood father death judy moved neighborhood family mother older sister blanca older brother william brother angel
awoke warm fluid wordless sounds comfort lifted mechanical hands gentle woman infant reborn naked weight birth pounds let sit asked cigar request provoked confusion laughter white coated attendants whispered explanation younger assistant young looked ill description cigar questions jervis yes age entering suspension fifty member financial community prior entering growled wiped crash scrounged money trip extra added craftily orientation classes begin tomorrow attendant attendance voluntary don want classes want thing central bank chicago call information attendant spoke glowing patch wall returned central bank chicago group consolidated banking institutions known midwestern trust company accounts preserved intact deposits withdrawals sixty hundred branch offices nearest asked bank building shape color egg money colors pretty
sat porch house saw savage deep growl cats learned fear deadly thing leaped caught flung air supreme ignorance danger saved death gentle cat tried run oncoming whirlwind teeth gleaming eyes lay flung dazed motionless staring terrible dog round uncomprehending eyes saw killed nearer ready shake peculiarly deadly twist knew move mewed small pitiful mew stunned body twitched hesitated sniffed turned tell kill weak helpless thing thing run leon found cat took gently tried purr stroked quivering hurt body leon sternly sportsmanlike thing ashamed surprise put tail legs slunk porch steps ashamed amends ability
piggy parker american going tell sports banquet tonight town high school american pretty excited honest piggy parker american wasn planned started high school wrestler big ambition win championship set town ears especially joe ricardo kid tracks worked wrestler mat wound sports camp summer senior summer piggy parker changed sports camps guys joe ricardo began hearing soon entered high school rich kids summer trying play basketball tennis swimming finally nerve ask coach helped sure joe told cost money close don summer wrestler persisted sure going wasn tough weekends bus station general
told don bolt food expression mean nut bolt fasten food table mean run food mean eat fast expression means eat fast don chew food carefully figure speech based literal meaning bolt sudden start rush expression bolt food combination words literal meanings times told shake leg person gave instruction mean literally shake leg figure speech meant hurry let let figures speech meant literally express idea thought unusual imaginative give interest excitement idea happen took figures speech literally barbara left stone unturned find reward person returned wristwatch barbara turn stone saw john broke ice party describing exciting movie seen john literally break piece ice heat wave final exams larry feels end rope
wonders niagara falls falls thirty french gymnast called falls tourist attraction brought resort biggest crowds history famous walking rope roaring waters started sporting craze swarm imitators amateur professional scrambling ropes stretched united states canada early boyhood france demonstrating athletic feats high places walked rope seine river paris thames river london staged exhibitions america gaining fame fortune real jean niagara falls visiting tourists majestic display nature power announced intended defy rock torrents walking rope called crazy started betting fell death received financial backing began rig gear crossing goat island canadian bank stir public interest took daily exercise strolling high guy wires railroad suspension bridge casually puffing cigar small rope carried gorge main cable worked position
walter campbell launched flat boat rapids pet dog companion campbell stood boat boldly paddled seething pool luckily boat capsized reached roughest water lifesaver waist managed struggle ashore dog lost misadventures quieted craze decade barrel riders martha wife professional wrestler woman try rapids set adrift barrel evening september whirled hour barrel recaptured head barrel broken open drag woman maud willard tried died attempt trapped inside barrel hours currents held reach rescuers suffocated anna taylor announced meant riding barrel niagara falls believed previous barrel riding waters beneath falls headline seekers talked leaping falls human actually deliberately accidentally lived mrs taylor adventurous forty widowed schoolteacher barrel half feet high feet diameter cushioned inside equipped leather harness arm straps
mama picked kitchenware silver stored neighbors los warehouse stored rest robbed furniture appliances silver anniversary gifts papa knew car put money pearl harbor repossessed suspected record fishing boats remained put arriving land starting economic mama concern money coming saved hundred dollars war wouldn soon settled cabrillo homes friends service found openings fish canneries kind job lived terminal island shapeless dread dark cloud imagination gradually receded soothed sky blue lawns green traffic signals changed dependable regularity familiar radio programs fill late afternoons evenings jack armstrong captain midnight whistler love mystery dread premonitions proved correct prepared public school shape truly deal appeared teacher ushered kids inspected unlike studied arrival
half hour sunrise august ships slipped harbor palos spain sailed westward fifteenth century called sea darkness christopher columbus began voyage known months later october look map shows route columbus took reach columbus set sail ships nina pinta santa maria caravels caravels popular ships fifteenth century small looked clumsy sea journeys columbus destination china hoped set trade spain rich lands east surprising columbus saw land october thought india china japan actually mainland north south america columbus sailed ships thought reached east sure things true begin answer questions looked ways columbus knew spelled letters books wrote columbus give clues spelling
learned knows spell columbus learned want information columbus voyage journal historical evidence going look group indians columbus think vikings arrived america columbus norway sweden settled greenland sagas events supposed happened greenland america saga viking word story vikings special job tell sagas stories night fireside story tellers tell tales brave deeds vikings told sagas times remember part story storytellers died remember parts story places vikings learned write sagas written viking language saga told viking named bjarni wanted travel norway greenland father voyage bjarni caught storm going greenland labrador bjarni stay labrador greenland greenland bjarni told lands seen west
supposedly set sail china japan current traveled li eastward li equals miles map shows route took travelers reached land called mexico found today supposed stayed forty returned china returned shan told emperor adventures servant emperor wrote shan story story scholars read believe prove shan friends discovered columbus read part shan story ask agree scholars try decide probable chinese reached america vikings columbus located li east country ta han china land marked bodies li northwest japan marks stripes bodies wild animals front marks marks large straight belong upper class marks small crooked belong lower class land trees give tree leaves look tree china
european explorers ways found known europe hundred columbus voyage europeans lived small country villages nearly village part manor manor large block land rolling meadows thick forests acres farmland house lord owned village lived peasants worked manor produced food things needed support lord family peasants worked land allowed lord tenants return land peasants owed lord services week land harvest help crops give part crops lord tenant tenant king according law king claimed land country large parts divided rest lords agreed side case war lords received large areas land king return loyalty called vassals lord king vassal agreed things return land
remember europe lived manor seen ordinary lived simple lives raised food things needed yearly fairs visits traveling merchants minstrels contact wonderful civilizations asia europe knew shut high mountains plains burning deserts moslem pirates swarming mediterranean sea travel water dangerous early times silk things asia found europe twelfth century crusades increased trade east hundred crusaders traveled europe east saw bazaars east strange beautiful things dreamed existed saw finely woven fabrics beautiful rugs sweet smelling perfumes ivory precious stones delicious fruits fragrant spices beautiful things gave europe tastes food fashions clothes ideas comfort homes crusaders returned europe wanted things saw east chance trade merchants soon bringing europe luxuries east overland journeys asia trains slow moving camels carrying large boxes goods
trade increased towns cities europe important thousands flocked peasants john wilde longer happy manor want land headed towns find food clothes comfortable homes find paid headed towns merchants traders artists craftsmen workers travelers foreign lands streamed london paris florence venice towns industries kinds grew towns towns bustling centers trade business education arts beautiful buildings churches built wealthier townspeople began build huge palaces live soon townspeople power free lords controlled towns centuries took townspeople win freedom towns source wealth lords want let town free received charter lord charter agreement townspeople lord listed rights lord gave town listed townspeople agreed give lord return freedom english town agreed let lord collect taxes markets fairs held town
spain thought conquered indians supply hard labor needed mines huge estates unexpected happened indians slaves forced labor indians died diseases brought europeans population area controlled spain indians area indians fewer remained indians provide free labor spaniards expected workers needed money plenty money sugar cane tobacco popular europe gold silver mines workers spanish began look blacks europeans carrying profitable trade slaves rulers west african kingdoms trade textiles metal goods rum supply slaves african rulers familiar slavery slaves captives tribal wars allowed rise slavery positions trust honor community african rulers traded slaves europeans goods believed european slavery
early seventeenth century thousands english began leave mother country search wealth french spanish hope starting nobility rich adventurers heard tales strange lands gold silver found ordinary weavers skilled workers laborers poor orphans criminals farmers find cheap free land religious wanted lead freer england groups english arrive pilgrims left england find place practice religion wanted arrived america aboard mayflower william bradford leaders wrote experiences dangerous sea voyage english arrived cape cod sailed harbor saw dog coming indians saw english ran woods english indians managed later english sailed shore found large piece clear ground indians planted corn graves
middle eighteenth century half million living thirteen english ruled colonies settlements stretched atlantic coast hampshire georgia borders approximately indians tribes colonists lived farms small villages built settlements frontier appalachian mountains lived large towns cities colonies living boston philadelphia york nearly charleston population colonies continued grow immigrants european countries scottish presbyterians irish catholics wanted free practice religions german colonists religious freedom europeans colonies looking europe crowded poor colonies offered plenty land food merchants needed growing colonial trade skilled colonial cities groups settled communities left europe poor europeans indentured servants meant agreed return fare colonies free settle chose largest groups immigrants africa unlike european immigrants africans want colonies
thing arriving place put city couldn supply needed live stores ran food clothes goods soon huge camps thousands tents covered hills city lived top garbage piled diseases spread quickly terrible crimes broke thousands newcomers criminals san francisco search gold arrived saw easier steal dig gold citizen san francisco wrote terrible things criminals san francisco invaded gang criminals called hounds property safe crimes strong commit crimes night committed awful crimes broad daylight eye sheriff stores demand wanted refuse pay leaving break piece furniture place beginning later night rob houses injuring killing inhabitants house tried stop hounds burn house buildings san francisco wood fires set hounds spread city
trouble head presidential election republican candidate abraham lincoln promised prevent spread slavery elected lincoln felt slavery evil stamped believed national government states lincoln promised interfere slavery south southern states leave union lincoln elected southerners felt question slavery stake believed attacked lincoln won election inauguration southern states carried threat declared united states dissolved formed nation called confederate states america nation split lincoln believed president allow states leave nation purpose constitution felt union states leave wanted nation constitution mean important job president uphold laws united states meant pull nation lincoln tried persuade confederate states return union speech president enemies friends enemies declared force bring states
period civil war known reconstruction americans began rebuild reconstruct union economy end war president lincoln argued confederate states welcomed union lincoln want punish southern states congress willing forgive politicians want south fair representation government president andrew johnson agreed lincoln end felt confederate states ready rejoin union congress refused accept southern representatives congress unhappy southern governments treating freed blacks slavery ended south slow give blacks equality traditional attitudes ways south difficult change quickly southern governments passed laws limit rights blacks refused allow blacks citizens laws called black codes election showed agreed congress president johnson congress grew powerful passed important laws laws amendments constitution fourteenth amendment gave blacks rights citizenship governments limit rights fifteenth amendment gave blacks vote southern governments want laws congress troops accept amendments
william black living texas wrote article problems jim crow laws fourteen states jim crow laws equal arrangements black travelers law says train mexico el texas conductor loudly ride car texas suppose answer arrived el shown negro waiting room small space corner station main waiting room passengers conveniences phone booths ticket offices blacks negro waiting room soon found black passengers allowed san antonio train leaves night black wait twelve hours train carries jim crow section black mother dying san antonio wait jim crow car car end white smoker car separated white smokers curtain sickening smoke drifted night
american deal problem pollution pollution affects live change air breathe water drink food eat pollution change outdoor surroundings look pollution problem america cities began grow garbage piled streets spreading disease sullivan family chicago face problem air pollution soot smoke furnaces factories houses newer type pollution caused disposable products things throw garbage today full cans bottles cartons papers kinds plastic containers disposable throw products add big garbage problem throw trash highways rivers lakes countryside polluted cans cartons bottles cities garbage collected large area dumped left rot rots breaks natural substances plowed earth disposable products artificially rot break biggest pollution disposable products beverage containers beverages glass bottles returned empty containers throw society milk comes cartons plastic containers throw empty
food pyramid draw result building investigating clues help rice wheat grains egg yolk decay pond water bacteria tiny plants help decay protozoans tiny celled animals feed decay bacteria protozoans feed tiny green plants called algae pond water turn larger protozoans feed smaller larger animals course feed protozoans think bottom layer food pyramid decay bacteria green plants bacteria decay decompose dead plants animals bacteria return minerals substances dead organisms soil water green plants minerals presence light grow food bacteria classed decomposers decomposers food special kind consumer decomposers break complex compounds release minerals minerals green plants bacteria decay levels food pyramid ecologists include decay bacteria food pyramids students drew pyramid investigation agree found organisms suppose found daphnia seen green algae food tube happened hydra pond water seen interesting hydra microscopic half centimeter eaten daphnia
water warms expands lighter rises water cools contracts heavier sinks sun shines lake water warmed sunlight penetrates deeper water light warm deeper water means surface water heated water heated expands lighter remains surface warm lighted water surface meters surface excellent environment algae sorts algae thrive upper water lakes seldom dense pond layer algae top cut amount sunlight reaching deeper water deeper levels light plants manufacturing food light warm water lower layers light colder surface water degrees celsius midsummer water meters bottom meters surface temperature clear difference temperature levels deep lake differences thing winds blow surface water waves
recall light reaches ocean depths green plants found growing unlighted layer expect find animal ocean depths plant form link food chains hand think plants manufacture food animal mind green plants grow lighted layer deep lakes plants animals upper layers die bodies drift downward water fish animals feed surface swim deeper water preyed sea animals fish deep eat pointed teeth produce peculiar luminous lights animals eat flesh eaters course eat fish occasionally swim eat bodies dead animals sink purpose luminous structures deep sea fish understood scientists believed deep ocean bottoms wrong slow rain falling lighted regions dead animals plants slowly settle bottom ocean surprising variety living bottom feeds falling material fact animals live bottom mainly scavengers animals eat dead plants animals kill live food
bend arm flex muscle feel muscle upper arm biceps biceps pulls lower arm lifting muscle powerful weight lift straighten arm think muscle straightened arm front upper arm bone biceps expect find upper arm bone biceps bends flexes arm called flexor muscle muscle extends straightens arm located opposite side upper arm bone called extensor muscle extends arm triceps study drawings arm show biceps triceps bones levers bend extend arm muscles body arranged pairs pair bends joint moves bones opposite pairs flexors extensors fastened bones strong tendons tendons end muscle fastened bone tendons end muscle fastened bone bones joined joint animals exoskeletons muscles arranged pairs muscles arranged arm course muscles fastened exoskeleton bones
living thing constant supply materials order live foods stored animal plant body living thing developed means storing oxygen living cell provided constantly supply oxygen cease continuous supply oxygen quit breathing born hold breath short course oxygen air lungs continues diffusing blood stream carbon dioxide continues diffusing blood lungs finally breathe respiratory system steadily provide oxygen blood stream steadily release carbon dioxide blood word respiration refer solely breathing recall breathing means getting air lungs inhaling removing air excess carbon dioxide returned body lungs exhaling respiration includes oxidation food living cells includes transportation oxygen cells removal carbon dioxide result cellular respiration cells respiration includes goes inside cells transporting oxygen carbon dioxide cells lungs exchange gases blood lungs breathing process respiratory system considered body system designed exchange gases
cut small twig tree examine read notice swellings tip twig swellings buds covered bud scales protect pull bud scales buds twigs notice soft greenish tissue underneath tissue growth tissue ready start active cell division stimulated warmth spring buds resting dormant protected bud scales dying spring watch opening buds trees bushes cut twigs variety trees bushes studying chapter place jars water examine buds days find buds swelling develop leaves twigs cut flowering bushes forsythia willow flowers buds burst leaf explain observation recall plants grow length tips buds stem buds spring start growing produce stem material leaves buds flower buds develop flowers tree flowers course reproductive structures flowering plants learn unit study stem carefully find number ringlike marks close surrounding twig tip
live sea find group algae organization sea lettuce ulva ulva bright green sheet cells layers thick base find cells specialized threadlike cells act hold plant rocks cells holdfasts holdfast cells colorless ulva multicellular alga unlike protococcus euglena spirogyra describe differences algae thousands kinds multicellular algae range microscopic filamentous threads spirogyra seaweeds giant seaweed commonly called kelp rivals size large tree green chlorophyll masked pigments contained cells seaweeds kelp brown brown algae reddish color red algae large seaweeds fucus large multicellular holdfasts anchor plants sand rocks water stemlike structure growing holdfasts bearing leaflike blades blades floats bladders filled air floats function hold food manufacturing blades water surface light algae find progression unicellular organism multicellular organism whichever algae study including large seaweeds holdfasts stemlike structures leaflike blades find true stem
patch gray green crusty looking material tree trunk stump rock look lichens interesting plants lichens leaflike crusty study carefully lichen shown photograph lichen fungus entirely fungus call lichen kinds plants living close relationship helping lichen fungus alga alga manufactures food fungus absorbs relationship stop fungus called parasite alga fungus return favor absorbing water alga manufacture food relationship called symbiosis condition organisms live benefit actually fungus getting bargain shown experimentally alga live fungus fungus dies alga manufacture food reasons biologists hesitate consider lichen true case symbiosis live relative peace fungi studying fortunately fungi general destroy unfortunate eat poisonous mushroom plants grouped fungi constant guard
coal mainly element carbon strange ages coal formed called collectively carboniferous period plants carboniferous period representatives subphyla tracheophytes subphylum lycopsida included giant club mosses extinct abundant fossil record giant club mosses lepidodendron grew meters high meter diameter lepidodendron neighbors lived moist forests carboniferous period helped form coal beds left fossil imprints nearby rock layers fossil imprints found frequently coal lycopsida left descendants small club mosses living today lycopodium selaginella mosses ferns puny survivors club mosses reproduce spores lycopodium bears spores clublike structures tops upright stalks selaginella contrast bears spores tips branches common plant related lycopsida horsetail equisetum horsetails part subphylum sphenopsida seen horsetails growing dry soil meadows railroad embankments strange heads called strobili carry spores horsetails commonly known scouring rushes past scouring large amount silicon element sand bodies
dog cat attempting rid pet parasite parasite organism lives organism getting food host animal offering return parasites host ill kill organism parasitize worms parasites bodies animals kinds live parasites dogs cats share parasitic worms warm blooded animal parasitized kinds worms kinds parasitic worms live bodies cold blooded animals live plants greek word thread suspect roundworms phylum nematoda thin threadlike seen roundworms pond water examined microscope unimportant organisms teems cup soil million tremendous numbers waters earth roundworms live animals live examine sample soil debris pond stream lake find tiny worms whipping typical movement betrays roundworms live freely soil waters parasitic
page find amoeba page hydra look animals compare earthworm clear amoeba simplest earthworm complex table find animals compared functions structures study table carefully review animals meet basic problems living interesting amoeba specialized structures successful meeting problems living earthworm amoebas similar protozoans lived earth millions millions earthworm segmented worm appeared suppose earthworm needs specialized structures organs amoeba apparently suppose hydra specialized structures amoeba fewer earthworm thing amoeba single cell need specialized organs tissues heart blood cells food oxygen wastes transported amoeba simply takes food water single cell processes carried hydra multicellular mouth structures order food inside body body layers cells circulatory system
spider web kind net catching food insect fly blunder sticky threads insect caught eventually free spider waiting nearby insect small spider grasp inject poison paralyzes insect mouth spider small solid food injects digestive juices prey sucks liquified insides insect large grasshopper spider grasp eat immediately winds insect mass sticky threads secreted silk glands located tip abdomen threads kind spinning web harden silk contact air spider turns insect spinning silk insect helplessly bound study drawing head spider notice poison fangs notice simple eyes spider spiders legs easy distinguish spiders insects difference spiders insects spiders separate head thorax head thorax combined look carefully live spider photographs spiders wings compound eyes insects
breeders dogs danes pretty business breed male female heredity words count dna code dog express proper environment dogs develop beautiful vigorous danes breeders expect danes produce spaniels poodles terriers count dna stable dna stable account variety dogs answer question need hundred gregor mendel published think acclaimed radio tv system reporting scientific journals today scientists communicate quickly results scientists summarized short forms called abstracts published special journals today truly significant discovery mendel circulated quickly wasn devries correns von tschermak rediscovered mendel paper small journal confirmed carried investigations correns discovered blending inheritance page studying evening primrose devries discovered varieties evening primrose changed generations changed suddenly dwarf primroses tall tall primroses dwarf devries convinced result genes called mutations
darwin brought concepts theory stated summarize concepts follows number organisms favorable environment support limited eggs laid codfish developed adult codfish oceans soon room eggs fly adults reproduced entire earth literally covered flies darwin especially influenced thomas malthus thesis human population increased faster food supply organisms vary widely vary traits adapt environment horses run faster longer getting food depends speed horses run faster longer food sooner slower escaping enemy say mountain lion depends speed horses run faster escape organisms variations adapt environment tend survive horses run fastest survived reproduce environment changed horse single protected hoof run faster rocky dry surface horses protected hoofs event darwin theory proposed environment selected survival organisms adapted organisms fitted environment survived
ago wild cattle wild boars wild fowl exist modern cattle pigs chickens wild grasses wild cereal grains kinds exist rice wheat oats corn cotton flax sheep bred wool recall natural selection environment operates select organisms adapted survive environment select organisms want survive introduced artificial selection natural environment select organism survival assume magnificent pair gray german shepherd dogs assume litter dogs gray replicas parents logical dogs purebred dna trait gray color litter pups gray completely black puppy born magnificent parents decide develop variety black german shepherds select dog breeding effect nature artificial selection natural environment black puppy born gray wolves dogs genus survived reasons black easily seen gray tree trunks puppy easier prey selected protected varieties survive environment survive artificial environment
north america look settlers asia moved flat frozen ground called tundra trees tundra moss plants short roots arctic winters cold days darkness summers cool days sun seen midnight plants grow tundra short roots trees tundra arctic winters days sun seen sun seen midnight arctic summers bands hunters asia ice age stay tundra moving south crossed highlands lowlands saw physical features landforms bodies water saw rows high snow topped mountains west coast farther inland saw highlands uplands uplands flat top called plateaus uplands hills valleys earliest settlers crossed stretches level land called plains saw lakes rivers waterfalls found clay rocks kind rock called flint ice age hunters flint didn iron weapons tools descendants clay early hunters moved farther south noticed climate changed weather grew milder warmer places rain places hot dry
planet earth knows scientists think earth billion earth began natural environment earth surface looked today climate caused earth physical features plants animals dinosaurs lived north america millions ago earth climate warm millions palm trees grew alaska fig trees grew greenland land low flat swampy plants grew swamp forests dinosaurs ate plants dinosaurs today think died ways natural environment changed dinosaurs plants animals lived earth millions ago find fossils help natural environment ago times land earth covered deserts swamps ice continents covered water took place millions earth changing settlers end ice age thousands reached southern tip south america period natural environment changing glacier ice north america began melt climate grew warmer
today descendants americans called american indians columbus think reached america american indians today call native americans american indians simply called lived places groups languages group culture look pictures indians chapter difference clothes things indian groups towns cities aztecs central america big city ruled indian groups pueblo towns lived buildings apartment buildings pueblo lived hot dry southwest northeast united states lived iroquois iroquois smaller groups hundreds indian groups tell number indian groups names places united states canada find places named indian groups indian place names live indian place names indian groups lived ago indians live today indian group culture groups living big area cultures alike ways call big areas culture areas
pretend mayflower ship atlantic ocean run terrible storm rain pouring wind blowing hard deck ship small crowded hear sea crashing deck overhead wooden ship creaks rocks wave seasick ship captain plans land group hudson river storm bad mayflower turn sail north sick sailing sea days early morning deck storm look west dark line sea sky land excited captain says cape cod passengers kneel pray thank god bringing safely north america troubles pilgrims begun pilgrims told virginia colony cape cod virginia england settle england meeting mayflower sail virginia colony run storms danger storms late food running let try find place nearby build settlement
europeans america virginia colonists pilgrims french traded settled st lawrence river canada spain colonies south european countries claiming land sending settlers dutch merchants netherlands started company wanted money dutch colony built fort large island hudson river called fort manhattan indians lived fort manhattan indians hunters trappers knew find wild animals forests indian shot arrow missed bed supper indians caught animals beautiful soft furs dutch wanted furs sell europe dutch traded things indians fort manhattan center dutch fur trade dutch colony plenty land colonists start farms called settlement fort manhattan amsterdam look map netherlands tell settlement called amsterdam dutch knew colonies trouble indians dutch want trouble meeting indians meeting dutch opened big wooden chest full cloth axes knives brightly colored beads indian women dressed deerskins deerskins hot summer
puritans tried live god laws found laws bible meant children learn read puritan leaders law law town school idea towns money build schools pay teachers puritan leaders decided person give small sum money money help pay public schools sum money called tax today agree puritan idea public schools pays public schools united states canada money taxes pay taxes puritans hard workers thought god wanted hard thrifty means waste money towns grew fast england towns started massachusetts bay colony grew quickly puritans america worship god welcome believe puritan ideas fair think puritan laws laws give reasons answer meetinghouse important building puritan town puritan idea public schools children pay tax pay school fair children school
money caused trouble french indian war cost britain lot money cost britain lot money soldiers soldiers needed protect colonists indians pay living britain pay king george iii government decided colonists help pay soldiers defend america fair puritans pay sum money tax schools british government tax colonists defense british government let colonists say taxes colonists choosing speak laws representatives decided taxes decided colonists pay schools defense things british government london deciding taxes colonists pay colonists representatives british government bit began angry speeches free englishmen rights cried pay taxes representatives taxation representation fair king government thought fair tried tax laws tried tax sugar upset england rum makers british government lowered tax stamp tax
general george washington leader american army knew britain want war thought colonies washington knew british army home hard britain supply army washington knew colonists practice soldiers try defend homes beat trained soldiers powerful nation earth americans lived colonies join unite fight war raise money feed clothe army questions worried washington big problem americans loyal king george loyalists fight hard king americans fight country loyalists owned land lawyers doctors ministers poor thought colonies stay british americans thought loyalists traitors understand loyalists help nation washington understood loyalists feelings feared war harder win thing gave washington hope france britain enemy american patriots hold britain france help washington france help americans france guns gunpowder soldiers deal money end france declared war britain
winter cold washington army camped valley forge philadelphia british troops held city warm fed washington nearly starving built huts live clothes blankets sick died hopeless george washington showed courage kindness valley forge walked snow hut hut cheer gave clothing wife martha helped look sick wounded wanted quit washington talked changed minds stayed spring things looked supplies arrived france entered war britain france lost american lands britain french angry france wanted colonies win independence serve britain britain powerful france friend american patriot benjamin franklin worked france war france supplies army help americans france helped americans french ships attacked british parts britain send ships soldiers france help americans attacking british places lord cornwallis commander british army south won battles lost marched north stopped yorktown virginia wait supplies
story frontier story fights indians pioneers fights happen indian peoples places natural environment peoples friendly white land trade furs axes guns fur traders trappers indians pioneers settle things pioneers farms cut trees killed scared animals pioneers indians indians wanted hunt pioneers wanted farms fences difference brought trouble ways living place pioneers tried drive indians indians tried drive pioneers cruel fights end pioneers won indians killed rest farther west things settle set pioneers moved west fighting start pioneers win end pioneers agreements indians indians settlers live agreements broke settlers trick indians indians sneak attack settlers indians frontier story sad cruel call fighting peoples ways living culture conflict mean
president jefferson wanted find united states land west mississippi thought river route oregon pacific ocean president explore leaders group meriwether lewis william clark lewis clark took woodsmen took young indian woman named sacajawea sacajawea means bird woman sacajawea tribe east hoped find tribe end trip sacajawea carried baby lewis clark hoped follow missouri river source river farther north west wide river night camped river bank wrote seen winter lewis clark high mountains ice river farther spring spent winter friendly indians spring ice melted lewis clark plans trip report president took dried flowers leaves strange plants took pieces rock skins animals indian tools show president rest missouri higher higher rockies climbed river smaller stream
western oregon land high mountains forests animals forests kinds fish rivers cool rainy eastern oregon drier explorers land western oregon thousands pioneers talking oregon country trappers wanted beavers explorers seen beavers oregon trappers rich soon american trappers climbing mountains wading icy streams fur trappers known mountain wild rough faced danger fierce grizzly bears lived forests indians friendly mountain lived land clothes animal skins ate shoot roasted buffalo hump beaver tail favorite meals trappers searching places hunt searched found paths passes mountains jed smith found called south pass places wagons mountains later jed smith led supply wagons plains rivers mississippi rockies jed smith proved wagons cross land proved wagons roll south pass oregon country mountain help later settlers oregon women decided settle oregon help indians women called missionaries wanted teach indians god
immigrants easy trip ocean hard died landed york city checked diseases allowed stay united states stay find places live needed money food needed jobs speak english ask find job place stay europe lived big cities immigrants tried find places live spoke language immigrants moved relatives friends europe relatives friends help ways americans lived america lives unkind immigrants ways immigrants brought immigrants low wages american workers afraid losing jobs case culture shock america remember culture shock look page cultures understand culture shock leads culture conflict means quarrels groups cultures think culture conflicts american history think indians pioneers think hispanic americans texas california think immigrants asia culture conflicts country today
united states important industry gave americans power wars war lasted war ii lasted united states fought wars power turned tide wars means american power enabled side win today united states powerful nations american evil history full problems full problems power problem problems face cities big problems number keeps growing food produced industry raw materials iron oil wood industry big cities poisoning air water stop pollution unkind culture conflicts america culture conflicts parts crimes country today calls skills americans learning skills reading writing arithmetic find jobs unhappy poor look list problems discuss think
freddy small boat put water put small stone boat put big stone put stone dropped boat freddy put hand water boat found wasn boat frog big green frog beautiful frog freddy frog heard freddy croak croak freddy jumped frog jumped jumped freddy hands frog asked freddy freddy hand freddy wasn going let frog picked place freddy going find home put frog pocket walked street freddy walked began sing frog help saying croak freddy stopped saw mays freddy didn hand pocket morning freddy asked mays frog don frog mays fishing freddy laughed frogs fish mays frog bait drop water
christina katerina liked boxes liked big boxes liked tv beautiful christina mother looking tv christina looking tv box christina put box apple tree mother thought throw box christina put apple tree christina father put window door box christina painted tower box box castle put toy bears cookies castle days christina bears lived played castle watson watson christina friend castle christina ate cookies christina locked ate cookies say sorry ten times christina let watson liked locked castle gave christina castle kick tower takes care castle mother began castle christina clubhouse days christina door window window door painted lock door put sign club asked watson part club
morning sun sky shines houses indian tribe sun shines mother flower wolf shines father hunt wolf shines grandfather wise wolf sun shines boy wolf flower wolf home hunt wolf hunt forest wise wolf sit fire wolf forest wolf hunt hunt wolf wolf hunt boys hunter finds animals run finds birds fly wolf takes home makes today hunt wolf wants wolf hunt today says hunt wolf today hunt wolf looks father brave says hunt wolf son brave kill bear hunt wolf says run fast run fast boys run catch rabbit wise ways forest trick fox brave fast wise hunt wise wolf hears hunt wolf says kill animals eat says wise wolf
door opened give spin straw gold asked girl give ring took ring sat began spin straw morning gold straw king room morning happy gold took girl big room lots straw king told spin straw gold spin straw gold morning queen girl room asked give spin straw don give girl queen child give child girl saw help give asked sat spin worked night morning gold straw king room morning found gold want queen girl spin straw daughter queen
maxie lived lived small rooms rooms brownstone house maxie lived morning shades maxie living room windows maxie cat ran middle window sat looked street shade window maxie gave bird water seeds bird began sing knew maxie door opened maxie walked sets stairs walked newspaper try hold door open foot reach newspaper morning maxie reach foot hold door door closed maxie couldn maxie ring walter let walter knew maxie open door maxie newspaper morning maxie pot tea put teakettle brownstone heard teakettle whistle maxie loved whistle let sing dogs cats sing whistle stop mail carrier knew maxie knew sister
doctor maxie sick lonely feel loved feel needs thing mrs stone walked bedroom maxie bird let stone morning bird sings stone bed bird didn sing morning stone didn sleeping won bird bedroom told maxie needed penny parks school hear teakettle whistle mrs greenhouse maxie shades walter paint apartment maxie ring let maxie found needed maxie happy bed put teakettle pot tea maxie window boxes began plant seeds mail juniper street say began ben jenny say began house sandy says began backyard mike says began father mike mike father reading newspaper look talking
brown children lake looked water wasn clean walked lake saw wasn clean look garbage water jill polluting lake walked edward saw oil water look oil edward oil pollutes water comes boats lake ellen look tires lake throw tires lake asked bob don stop think brown pollute lake factory pollute water bob looked brown stop pollution asked lake clean asked ellen swim try clean brown pollute lake swim pollution stop wish re lake edward stop polluting brown friend mrs gomez takes pictures mrs gomez works newspaper ask pictures lake put newspaper lake polluted
tell children found dinosaur cried mary ann children dinosaur afraid cried feed yes miss tuft feed dinosaur cried children mary ann looked dinosaur thought dandy children liked feeding dandy ate gave liked cookies pet miss tuft mary ann asked yes miss tuft pet children put dandy quiet place took care happy mary ann happy pet dinosaur put news dandy newspaper began cars trucks airplanes mary ann friends wanted dandy bad thing lot noise school cars trains airplanes mary ann saw dandy happy saw covered head shook dandy covered head shook mary ann worried wrong dandy thought mary ann called famous scientist
ago animals animals dinosaur dinosaurs biggest animals walked taller house floors small cats dinosaurs ate meat fighters killed dinosaurs dinosaurs ate plants fighters eat dinosaurs tyrannosaurus dinosaurs ate meat fighter tyrannosaurus feet feet tall walked big legs arms tyrannosaurus small hold kill animals arms tyrannosaurus killed animals live brontosaurus dinosaurs ate plants feet feet tall brontosaurus tail small head walked legs brontosaurus lived water part find plants liked eat dinosaur ate plants feet swim feet tail help swim dinosaurs lived parts dinosaurs today died ago knows dinosaurs died dinosaurs died animals died big change took place don
betty thought saw green rock middle green plants found burt asked lou betty told children toy store told policeman told burt put tag jade think burt story betty don think wants jade burt wants maybe special worth lot lou maybe jade stolen betty maybe toy store burt hides stolen things betty lou let tell mother betty lou ran tell mrs rubin mrs rubin thought betty story going call police soon car stopped rubin house policeman car policeman toy store betty ran open door told story policeman looked betty think re store morning talk police looking stolen jade looked rocks store thought asked betty policeman
sat sleeping bag looked father brother terry asked daddy forget climb peak noonday storm ready daddy put things need trip pack don forget camera terry pictures peak camera took lot pictures took pictures show friend ann ann set camp ann think camping fun sees pictures daddy terry trail stop want picture trail daddy terry pack show small stream stop terry pick mountain flowers daddy sit stream daddy terry laughed asked climbed stream part mountain trees stopped daddy big rock turn look peak walked took picture terry asked
house asked place stay re mountain storm daddy asked minutes daddy let look chasm lake daddy began climb rocks house terry ahead wanted top beautiful looked side big rock saw chasm lake camera took picture terry called picture lake climbed rock walked lake terry started hit foot rock sat water terry help cold cried didn tell water terry helped handed camera picture laughed water asked won picture camera let house daddy dry lunch house took cover bed put cold going sun dry
corner met junk wagon knew horse wagon junk gave ride lot horse someday think someday fun wagon remembered mad climbed saw dog cat watched stopped pet dog dogs running began run street fun remembered mad look dogs play running let home walked dog lots dogs someday think someday saw lot ants place sidewalk ants thing watch mad stayed watched ants corner saw tim dad grandma re going park tim ted run talk horse park tim mad
girl lived japan loved music loved play friends loved say things english school fun loved wear beautiful kimono wear school wear play kimono wear special days family moved united states school felt happy going wear kimono today special school united states school children looked looked seen kimono didn thought look funny class quiet wanted hear talk thought talk funny games children played want ask things english children heard voice class music voice loved sing voice rang pretty bell marvin boy class tried friendly hoped feel home school marvin helped find showed things room thing
renee opened box lovely doll dolls pretty renee looked doll happy fire lost doll maria didn care things loved maria doll love happy renee left doll renee say marvin let note looked carefully walked place children papers put note papers renee look doll dress sash sash asked children remember renee sash school red pretty flowers mean obi marvin re doll dress obi writing note class paper eyes turned marvin wasn nice thing yes children watched marvin began feel happy started calling re mi hoped say quiet friendly friendly
ago brave knights lived castle named sir charles sir egbert lived boy named olaf sir charles sir egbert fine days riding horses brave olaf ran birds rabbits castle big grand happy deep dark woods castle lived giant dragon dragon roared night roar children cry scared sleep night morning bad night sir charles stop bravest knights miles knights miles sir egbert rid dragon sir charles sir egbert sir charles wizard store olaf horses soon met wizard sir charles turn dragons wizard looked surprise dragons wizard asked kill dragon sir charles takes dragon kill dragon sir egbert wizard looked turn dragons sure knights asked wizard
told stories dragons giants monsters story monsters stories monsters giants dragons big small cats monsters big small things real animals monsters mean hunted tried kill monsters bad stories monsters worked kill bad monsters looked mixed animals monsters part animal part person giant heads monsters told stories ago friendly monster looked horse head hunter run fast stories friendly monster showed things monster called dragon part bird part snake teeth fire mouth tales dragons mean cries shook woods scared lived cities stories told brave knight killed bad dragon monster friendly
monster lots fun find pictures kinds animals find animals live land find fly air find swim sea pictures think monster look part animal try animal parts kind head give monster tail kind tail legs ten wings put parts pictures size cut parts stick sheet paper pictures wrong size parts fit crayons big picture monster sheet paper monster live live deep dark woods cut trees colored paper put trees monster live cave deep mountains dark cave monster wild home fun monster monster part fish part elephant call monster
going picture left cars moving street sidewalk fire engines fires kinds weather hard snow rain streets slippery fire engines move slowly fires put snow rain difference kinds traffic cars buses trucks move slowly weather bad city traffic keeps moving move city kinds weather buses cars trucks heaters warm air conditioning keeps cool warm dry walk school close weather remember stores offices closed weather heat stores schools homes cold weather cool air inside hot weather cars buses heated cooled cities rain snow city goes matter weather deep snow hard rain stop city stops short stores offices open kinds weather buses cars going city week
need community build climate matter think communities read kind climate miami beach climate heat cool buildings heat cool buses cars move kinds weather food things need brought community course things lot takes build community takes run community weather important farmers city farmers grow crops depend weather farmers need sunshine rain crops farmers depends weather sunny days fields rains northern united states farmers seasons spring frozen ground thaws farmers plow fields ready planting warm weather starts farmers plant seeds hot days summer season crops grow sunshine farmers weed fields put fertilizer crops fertilizer helps crops grow bigger farmers worry rain crops need rain grow farmers want rainy days summer weather dry crops grow
think bananas grown york oranges grown york crops grow york cool climate grown places foods brought york trucks ships trains airplanes foods lettuce grow parts country cool climate north lettuce harvested spring fall supermarkets north fresh lettuce winter southern california places warm climates lettuce grown winter lettuce shipped markets north live climates seasons live places hot wet live kinds climates look picture kind climate picture show climate live parts parts crowded parts parts hot cold wet dry climate places live land looked farmland needed land grow food lived fields care crops cars trucks trains
visited greenhouse feel hot summer temperature greenhouse air wet humid hot humid climate plants grow kind climate plants grow fast heat water look forest shown page called rain forest big trees vines growing outdoor greenhouse air rain forest air greenhouse temperature air humid hot heavy water rain forest grows equator brazil continent south america climate warm wet rain forests found parts map page find places forests grow rain forests north latitude south latitude part called low latitudes called tropics north latitude called south latitude called part noon sun directly overhead days overhead noon greenhouse tropical lands warm
fields ready crops forest cut chop trees hand axes big knives slow plants cut piled large stumps pile dried weeks burned ash fire puts fertilizer soil helps crops dig holes digging stick seeds planted holes rice sugarcane corn pumpkins vegetables grown field hot humid climate grass weeds grow fast planted crops women children pull weeds crops growing families guard clearing hungry animals birds field months planting families harvest crops families longhouse harvest harvest crops market rice sugarcane vegetables market boat sell products buy axes knives pots pans rings bracelets buy bright cloth clothes soon harvest plant warm climate crops planted harvested times clear land forest
puerto rico island tropics plantations puerto rico puerto rico part united states puerto rico laws ways puerto rico united states pineapples coffee bananas tobacco important crops grown puerto rico dairy farms chicken farms important crop puerto rico sugarcane sugarcane grown plantations large machines plantations plow plant fields rows rows sugarcane grow fields cared workers machines put fertilizer soil sugarcane grows warm wet tropical climate puerto rico rain falls parts puerto rico month places island rain falls parts places plantation owners built pipes canals bring water farm fields add water fields big crop sugarcane grow plantation big machines takes workers run plantation workers farms villages live stay plantations harvest months needed harvest sugarcane
government desert country owns resources lands oil companies pay government let drill land companies pay oil pumped ground oil comes ground money government paid countries lots oil pumped lots money oil companies companies money oil kuwait small country small number live kuwait paid large amount money oil companies government building homes kuwait built schools education free government building fine streets buildings built plant fresh water salty sea water kuwait richest desert countries larger countries oil wells money oil companies able build dams dig water wells needed countries leaders money things need desert want oil companies oil country want oil home machines factories
seen mountain live mountains live land flat flat lands find mountains mountains reach high air rise land mountains higher hills mountains higher seen mountain hard hard feel high live big city idea mountains buildings walk street york city tall buildings called skyscrapers top tall skyscraper look city feel mountain climber roofs lower buildings mountains narrow streets valleys mountains skyscrapers rise rest city mountains rise land skyscrapers high mountains catskills york city low mountains times high tallest skyscrapers mountains higher catskills rocky mountains western part country high peaks high mountains alps europe andes south america himalayas asia
mountains supply things places need find things let look rocky mountains mountains run alaska south canada mexico rocky mountains rich metals ago found gold rocky mountains later found silver thousands rushed west find metals stayed live states started today natural resources gold silver mined rocky mountains resources things copper wire pipes uranium special power plants coal oil lead resources mining jobs thing mountains supply water remember deserts water mountains rain melting snow run sides mountains makes brooks streams brooks streams run rivers river starts rocky mountains colorado river built dams colorado river water dams makes electric power power light heat buildings run machines water colorado river carried canals pipes tunnels needed water carried hundreds miles southern california land southern california dry water crops grow water rocky mountains farmers grow kinds crops
look small village picture village northern forest canada villages northern forests village called house live indians roads leading village travel land walk canoes small boats travel river river wide deep large boats small boats travel river half cold northern land river covered ice half river flows past villages flow parts canada canadians live today past house natural resources hunt trap forest animals fish river gather berries wild plants small vegetable gardens plant potatoes vegetables grow short summer village live parents grandparents lives changing ways past knowing happening rest today travel village special kind airplane land river winter river turned ice skis put plane
canada forests indians europeans europeans forests animal furs travel indians foot canoe europeans trapping traded indians furs trading posts house furs natural resource northern forests important natural resources part trees important natural resource northern forest paper lumber trees paper lumber sawmills paper mills built mouths rivers wood lumber paper trees cut winter trees cut branches cut trees called logs tractors pull logs nearby river northern forest rivers frozen winter logs piled river spring ice river begins melt logs put river float river mill newspapers united states printed paper canada ships carrying canadian paper sail lakes st lawrence waterway bring paper large cities country
country largest northern forest soviet union northern forest soviet union natural resources furs wood coal oil minerals city soviet union coldest winters city named group called canadian indians lived northern forest lived city built herders herds horses cattle reindeer animals feed grassy openings forest winter cattle sheds houses dairy products important foods drink milk animals milk cheese butter indians canada hunt fish forest houses built logs covered dirt today live city parts soviet union government workers plans laws moscow capital soviet union leaders moscow laws plans soviet union ways northern forest regions climate cold places
kikuyu plant tea coffee food raise cows milk sell tea coffee milk kikuyu plant coffee tea plant food plant crops sell money buy things stores nearby towns travel nairobi shop stores buys tea coffee milk kikuyu farmers clothes canned food kikuyu buy kikuyu longer depend longer depend grassland depend markets cities buy tea coffee milk city markets capital city nairobi halfway depend factories cities food clothes things kikuyu kenya grasslands depend places kikuyu today depend happen kikuyu dairy farmers trucks broke kikuyu farmers big ships longer carry tea coffee cities kikuyu kenya grasslands depend transportation
north pole special place northern place earth north direction north pole south pole special place southern place earth south direction south pole north south opposite north south directions directions east west sun rise east set west face north east west left east west opposite directions help find places maps globes directions shown small drawing map drawing called compass rose find compass rose map direction travel illinois wisconsin illinois indiana top page photograph shows part minneapolis minnesota photograph airplane photograph drawing part minneapolis special kind drawing symbols symbols stand real things places minneapolis key shows real things places symbols stand symbol bridges map bottom page shows part minneapolis photograph drawing show map special drawing key
knowing read graph important social studies skill skill graphs tell easily words let united states hundred sixteen million write numerals looks age table tell tell age groups type graph pictograph pictograph symbols figures numerals look graph figure stand figures age group boys girls stand graph tell thing table graph called pie graph pie graph tell thing graph pie stands population united states pie cut equal parts tell find age group graph biggest slice pie bar graph bar graph shows information bars read bar graph bottom information bottom graph
grandmother left hand bull going tell story frog turtle grandmother began bet shortest tale told tale told starts page turtle frog friends frog turtle sitting rock lake talking knew began rain turtle looked dark sky don want wet wet give cold frog wouldn wet let hurry jumped lake cornflakes cornflakes corn grows fields corn grows ears corn ears corn grow green stalks stalks tall corn ready harvesting corn factory cornflakes factory look corn ears step making cornflakes step corn cleaned milled ground things put ground corn cornflakes eat corn ready cookers corn cooked big cookers dried hot air
rosa miguel grandmother coming birthday laughed pinatas party grandmother want look dog rosa miguel grandmother laughed think rosa pony john ana rosa miguel house help pinatas pinata asked john rosa pinata paper animal money surprises inside party hit stick pick surprises lots fun ana let started grandmother worked hard beautiful pinatas grandmother miguel pinatas ready john help grandmother rosa ana rosa ana diaz shop look surprise miguel ana rosa want miguel catch ball don money think ana rosa wanted money find thought maybe tia carmen think rosa look sad tia carmen answered door tia carmen rosa saw miguel
mid robert hooke english scientist viewed thin slices cork microscope surprise observed cork material solid adjoining hollow compartments surrounded thin walls called small compartments cells scientists studied microscopic structure kinds organisms study researchers scientists concluded living things cells organisms consist single cell figure ameba bacteria organisms observed grass water mixture single celled organisms living things large seen microscope consist cells billion cells cells look answer body consists kinds cells bone cells skin cells brain cells asking plants animals look kinds plants animals kinds cells cells vary greatly shape round shaped boxes cigar shaped objects cells able move place place kinds remain place unable move kinds move carried fluid found kinds change shape move
heard story blind tried describe elephant felt side elephant wall felt leg tree trunk feeling trunk elephant large snake felt tail pictured elephant rope felt basis experience picture animal similar difficulty arise asked describe seashore seashore imagine seashores seeing pictures reading actually visited seashore ideas differ ideas sandy beach friend rocky beach maybe seashore experienced mud flat bicycle stuck describing elephant seashore difficult think person describe biosphere pacific northwest kind sparrow lives bushes city part country disliked sparrows large backyard wild bushes large number sparrows
mention word interaction shadowy picture hundreds organisms moving interaction means movement includes ways organisms affect affect environment affects guess interactions complex scientists gain knowledge biosphere studying single interaction knowledge interactions accumulates understanding biosphere begins emerge focus attention interaction interaction green plants environment results production food materials needed plant growth study interaction consider discovered discovered think things environment influence plant growth things affect plant growth affect process food production called photosynthesis photosynthesis process green plants sugar green plants sugar changed starch sugar starch basic food materials plants growth notebook list things think involved interaction green plants physical environment determine things photosynthesis occur suppose light item list find light needed photosynthesis
multicellular animals process digestion takes place cells eventually products digestion sea anemone multicellular animal fastens rocks shallow water areas seacoast shown figure digestive system sack opening food water pass opening serves elimination wastes human digestive tube obviously complex sea anemone openings entrance food water exit wastes essential function organisms break large food molecules small molecules pass cell membranes major parts human digestive tube include mouth esophagus stomach small intestine large intestine rectum figure digestive fluids secreted digestive tube organs liver pancreas gall bladder cells line small intestine prior known function parts digestive system young wounded stomach gunshot healing stomach healed opening young alexis st martin doctor dr william beaumont famous doctor able directly observe gastric digestion opening opening technique successful scientists today surgical openings stomachs experimental animals observe gastric digestion
heart muscular organ pumps blood rhythmic contractions heart force blood arteries blood arteries high pressure arteries thick walls blood veins pressure arteries walls thinner arteries veins walls thick let raw materials waste materials diffuse capillaries exceedingly thin walls walls substances diffuse blood cells cells blood capillaries widespread cell body cells branching capillaries forming veins tissue organ drained vein returns blood heart complicated system cells living things require substances environment organism larger cells problem getting food cells difficult understand consider large organism compared small city compared farm city ways simple country food delivered directly kitchen door garbage removed periodically effort part city dwellers city supplies water directly homes individuals seldom bothered repairing pumps maintaining water purity
imagine continuous column water extending roots leaves plant root exerts pressure bottom water column saw root model investigation page small lift imparted column water small diameter water transporting cells recall capillary action investigation page final force lifting column water comes evaporation leaves recall investigating surface area evaporation page lot water lost square cm leaf surface biologists think force called transpiration evaporation important forces root pressure capillary action pull transpiration leaf combine lift columns water tops redwood trees meters tall moving water carries raw materials photosynthesis prevents plant wilting food leaf leaf excess stored spongy cells spongy cells store excess food changed soluble sugar transported stem roots food conducting cells tasty maple syrup sugar rich sap rises sugar maple trunks spring sugar maple figure plant community cooperating cells stems branches hold leaves place exposed sunlight
classified arranged imaginary organisms investigation entirely according external appearance classification real things biosphere earliest systems american colonies established linnaeus biologists developing complicated systems classification classification means arranging organisms groups today individuals alike important ways put species individuals species alike breed produce normal offspring closely similar species put genus similar genera plural genus grouped family similar families groups help understand biologist classifies living things compare classification organism books grouped library compare biologist classification common pet dog librarian classification books dogs dog scientific important thing remember biological classification based biologists think relationships organisms dog dog supposed closely related coyotes wolves foxes family biologists recognize mammals related characteristics common
beginning section recorded population human beings classroom look record population compare classroom population today chances number homo sapiens classroom today slightly number roll call students moved school district class home today counselor office class populations remain hour hour change increase decrease town city births increase population deaths decrease check birth death notices daily newspaper moving community increase decrease population things affect size human population area births deaths movement area dispersal things affect population size kinds animals population changing size balance happens births deaths dispersal balance terms providing space food shelter area support number individuals kind known carrying capacity
point examining interactions members species equally important interactions species encountered kinds relationships competition humans compete directly indirectly kinds organisms try destroy potato beetles cotton boll weevils insects compete things want potatoes cotton food chains species feeding relationship plants produce food process photosynthesis plants producers animals eat plants primary consumers addition course animals eat primary consumers secondary consumers think food chain composed producers primary consumers secondary consumers link chain serves food link chain kinds animals eat plants animals called vegetarians herbivores animals eat animals carnivores include plants animals diets called omnivores ate plant material primary consumer ate animal material secondary consumer finally species animals plants live dead organisms called names scavengers decomposers food chain simple series links ideal examples exist
believed oceans vast pollution problem human oceans increased greatly oil transported country ships oil leaking spilled tankers caused pollution concerned amount pollution effects marine population dependent marine food dependency likely increase demand food increases biosphere oxygen produced plants oceans coastline santa barbara california considered natural beauty tide pools variety marine organisms scattered coast beaches unusual assortment plants animals human carelessness influenced area oil began seeping cracks ocean floor offshore oil giant oil slick spread hundreds square kilometers covering santa barbara coastline birds fish destroyed beautiful beaches covered gooey mess crude oil course oil pollution limited coast california occurred oceans seas oil water pollution dumped trash raw sewage industrial wastes directly oceans lakes rivers streams spoiling water resources continues accept consequences
earth compared gigantic spaceship moving sun course earth complex spaceship needed earth food energy air water minerals soil important thing consider spaceship limit supplies carried recent times humans scarce organisms biosphere population grew slowly basic supplies danger permanently exhausted centuries human population increased rapidly explosively figure amount supplies spaceship earth increased true able improve ability obtain supplies ohio today supports nearly spaceship added energy sun true biosphere estimated spaceship earth carried billion human passengers load double population continues increase present rate section investigated ways populations increase decrease point consider effects increasing population human passengers planet limited supplies consider need water seen large lakes rivers ocean hard believe water limited resource
individuals biosphere solve problems stay alive individual plants animals obtain food food transported body distributed cells wastes eliminated body systems cooperate organism live matter solves problems getting biosphere individual dies means individuals species successfully reproduce species survive biologists concerned future california condor largest flying birds alive count california known living giant birds protected law shoot die disease age addition habitat danger destroyed number young hatched surviving greater number die answer question unknown answer california condor disappear forever biosphere true species biologists estimate species animals united states face extinction reverse extinction occur births greatly exceed deaths result overpopulation eventually prove disastrous examples overpopulated species rabbits australia deer parts united states kinds insects farm areas rats cities areas
collect spiders partner find capture spiders effectively collect spiders night spiders nocturnal predators need handle flashlight addition flashlight need small jars lids file cards pieces paper collecting web weaver hand place open end jar underside spider hand carefully place jar lid spider quickly fasten lid note air jar spider alive need puncture lid collect running jumping spider placing open end jar spider climb jar allowing close lid spider climb jar try sliding file card spider pick jar invert quick downward movement jar shake spider bottom remove card cover jar lid collect spiders sweeping insect catching net dry grass brush think methods try experience able collect dozens spiders
celled animals protozoa show tremendous variety appearance behavior live easy collect temporary studies ponds ditches puddles streams locations small organisms found protozoa purchased biological supply companies protozoa small shallow dishes water temperature dishes loosely covered maintain water level dishes clean traces soap chemicals removed need add water sterilized water spring aquarium pond tap water chlorine free sterilize water boil ten minutes difficult separate organisms collected pond stream pure cultures purchased biological supply company protozoa cultured fairly easily feed variety protozoa put wheat grains ml boiled water culture larger amounts culture water add hay dry grass ml distilled spring water boil ten minutes cool add put ml boiled water bowl add grains polished rice quick cooking rice sold markets works put ml culture amebas
watching wild birds excellent observe animals adapted habitats area kinds birds attracted feeding station stay notes appearance behavior photograph feeding station include seed shelf suet hard beef kidney fat baskets logs hummingbird feeder figure feeding shelves overhanging roofs food dry rough wood avoid metal smooth surfaces bright colors place birdbath feeding station birds attracted dripping water water bubbling small fountain figure depth water bath cm avoid smooth slippery containers attract birds attract cats place feeders baths open spot meters place cats hide variety foods offered feeding station differences food choice feeding habits observed ideally foods include large small seeds nuts raisins fruits chick scratch attract birds chick scratch cooked cornmeal nuts suet raisins cooled form cake birds eat observe birds feet legs tails wings approaching food
end century known writer mark twain mark twain pen samuel clemens clemens born missouri grew hannibal small town mississippi river books stories place small towns hannibal age samuel clemens left school printer helper traveled teenage working printer parts wrote short humorous stories newspapers clemens apprentice steamboat pilot mississippi learn part river steer steamboat total darkness traveling river saw events writing mississippi thought pen mark twain term river fathoms deep clemens spent west nevada california tried gold silver mining luck writing stories newspapers tale takes place mining town shows clemens concern understanding friendship california mark twain known public started give lectures comedy shows jokes funny stories later give lectures published books famous
boys distant cousins babies orphans adopted grew fond saying honest sober kind success children heard times learned read rule edward mills baby edward pleased wanted candy understood baby george wanted candy cried children older george big expense took care clothes case edward spent trying control george grateful tears eyes edward need help kind boys began learn trade edward worked hard george ran cost money trouble find george ran stole things hard george arrested edward partner boss business george getting trouble loving hearts full trouble died gave love pride edward
single scientific method steps found working solution problems study science steps problem solving understand problem problem clearly putting problem form questions answered helps sharpen thoughts consider laboratory problem teacher hands empty bottle laboratory problem says teacher determine bottle substance prove substance studying bottle thinking situation lead problem form questions bottle empty full full collect information problem refer books written material relating problem information concerning problem find answers information gather provide clues help proceed solution form hypothesis learn careful observer remember observations based impressions senses seeing hearing feeling smelling confuse conclusions observations conclusions called inferences deductions based observations require experimental verification observe bottle appears empty observe bottle filled air
consider burning candle according kinetic molecular theory particles molecules matter constantly moving solids wax candle moving molecules constantly brush gases oxygen moving molecules farther strike quantity heat molecular contacts say matter quantity heat burning candle represent exothermic change burning candle give heat making reasonable assumptions based observation burning candle let attempt answer question remember burning oxygen let assume quantity heat present candle wax oxygen heat derived motions molecules reasonable assume quantity heat present products burning candle products carbon dioxide water heat derived motions molecules finally learn later energy created destroyed means total amount energy system burning candle chemical system remains unchanged scientists estimated heat energy contained candle wax heat oxygen greater heat contained products burning order total amount energy remain unchanged quantity heat
sample metallic element copper iron rubbed observe appears shiny metals shiny able reflect light property called luster makes metals reflectors automobile headlights polished aluminum reflectors concentrate beam bright light greatly intensifying amount light produced bulb headlights cooking utensils iron copper aluminum metals spread heat evenly entire surfaces general metals conductors heat place metal spoon bowl hot soup allow spoon remain minutes soon feel handle spoon hot metal spoon wooden spoon nonmetallic object find handle hot wood poor conductor heat addition conductors heat metals conductors electric current wire copper electrical appliances copper excellent conductor electricity silver conductor electricity copper limited high cost wires drawing heated metal rod tube wide end narrow metal pulled narrow end tube wire desired thickness formed
photographer puts flash bulb camera takes picture apparent bulb undergoes chemical change flash light bulb feels hot touch evidence exothermic change flash bulb looks unused bulb metallic filament inside clear glass bulb filament bulb blackened cloudy weigh flash bulb find weight unchanged shown fig page matter destroyed chemical change perform experiment test hypothesis inch test tube prepare solution silver nitrate water ml flask prepare solution sodium chloride nacl water carefully place test tube silver nitrate solution flask sodium chloride solution careful mix solutions stopper flask securely fig weigh apparatus tip flask silver nitrate solution test tube mixes sodium chloride solution flask chemical reaction takes place milky white substance forms fig finally weigh apparatus find weight apparatus chemical change weight apparatus chemical change
metals part rocks earth metals occur naturally free elements combined elements compounds metals reactive found free nature examples metals gold silver copper platinum occasionally metals found combined nature metals reactive generally found combined compounds rocks earth compounds known minerals mineral quantity metal sufficient extracted profitably mineral ore metals generally obtained types ores ores compounds oxides sulfides carbonates oxide ores sources metals iron aluminum copper zinc common oxide ores hematite iron oxide magnetite magnetic iron oxide taconite low grade magnetic iron oxide bauxite aluminum oxide copper oxide zinc oxide sulfide ores sources metals copper zinc lead mercury common sulfide ores iron pyrite iron sulfide copper sulfide sphalerite zinc sulfide galena lead sulfide cinnabar mercury ii sulfide carbonate ores sources metals iron zinc common carbonate ores iron carbonate zinc carbonate table summarizes important ores metals note magnetite taconite formula taconite low grade magnetic iron oxide
mix table salt solid water liquid salt disappear water say salt dissolves water combination mixture iron filings sulfur equal portions mixture amounts iron sulfur equal portions salt water mixture quantities solid liquid mixture uniform homogeneous mixtures ingredient dissolves form uniform system known solutions solution substance dissolved called solute substance dissolves called solvent solution salt water salt solute water solvent similarly copper ii sulfate dissolved water copper ii sulfate solute water solvent solutions discussed water solvent water dissolves substances referred universal solvent water solvent substances dissolved alcohol resulting solutions known tinctures iodine crystals dissolve alcohol form tincture iodine solutions clear substance solvent solute case alcohol water mixture distinction
preceding chapters book discussed properties matter observations matter fairly easy matter forms states substance liquids solids gases occupy space weighed substances easily handled touch occasionally smell study chemical reactions learned chemical change accompanied change energy endothermic energy absorbed exothermic energy released energy matter important factor universe energy matter living nonliving standstill move live unlike matter energy mysterious weight occupy space form odor careful study motion types matter helped scientists discover facts energy energy considered mover matter words object moves possesses energy batter hits baseball easy moving baseball possesses deal energy moves baseball planet automobile animal molecule requires energy fig scientists define energy ability scientific terms performed sample matter matter moved distance student lifts books desk performs books move specific distance fig
electrons moving steadily definite direction constitute electric current flow electrons called current electricity distinguish static electricity learned chapter electrons flow point excess electrons point deficiency electrons static electricity excess deficiency electrons surface material current electricity electrons flow continuously material materials electrons flow freely known conductors recall metals conductors electricity metals silver copper conductors copper widely conductor electricity cheaper silver materials greatly resist passage electrons conductors electricity materials known insulators examples insulators rubber glass air wool silk insulators conduct current electricity store static electricity surfaces insulators readily accept hold electrons insulators readily give electrons result insulators negatively charged insulators positively charged properties insulators help understand rubbing rubber rod fur charges rod negatively fur positively similarly rubbing glass rod silk charges rod positively silk negatively insulators conduct electrons insulators generally hold charge static electricity accumulated
understand characteristics flow electrons wire model water flows hose models water model limited application major factors observed measured flow water flow electrons hose attached faucet valve opened water flows faucet hose stopwatch container marked measure quarts study rate flow water observe number quarts leaves hose enters measuring container determine rate flow water amount flowing container unit express rate flow water number quarts gallons water similarly determine rate flow electrons current measuring number electrons flowing past point unit current expressed number electrons pass point number electrons called coulomb large rate flow electrons measured unit called ampere french scientist andre ampere ampere equals flow coulomb electrons rate flow electrons known amperage amperage electric current measured instrument called ammeter properly connected circuit
heat temperature terms confused temperature small sample molten iron considerably higher temperature water ocean total heat sample molten iron total heat water ocean scientists accept rumford theory heat related motions particles matter heat depends total kinetic energy particles body recall chapter equation relating kinetic energy mass velocity total kinetic energy particles body depends number particles mass velocity particles water ocean colder sample molten iron velocity particles water velocity particles molten iron larger quantity mass water compensates smaller velocity particles particles water ocean possess greater kinetic energy means heat water ocean small sample molten iron temperature molten iron higher temperature unlike heat depends average kinetic energy particles kinetic energy particle find average divide total kinetic energy number particles fraction larger denominator smaller quotient large mass ocean water smaller average kinetic energy particle lower temperature small sample molten iron
light energy heat energy travel sun earth space perfect vacuum forms energy traveling aid molecular collisions transferred sun earth radiation means rays waves understand method heat transfer standing short distance open fire placing hand side touching hot radiator source heat touched receive heat conduction warm air rises vertically heat source heat reach convection heat transferred fire radiator reaches radiation heat radiated body sun rapidly absorbed bodies black color rough texture warm climates white clothing reflects radiant heat sun cooler dark clothing quickly absorbs radiant heat similarly bodies rough dark tend radiate heat shiny smooth bodies steam radiators dark roughened surface reason coal burning stoves black bodies shiny smooth absorb heat rapidly bodies reflect heat aluminum roofing keeps homes cool summer warm winter principle utilized thermos vacuum bottle constructed permit liquids retain temperatures
light heat sound form energy living things including obtain energy light energy green plants absorb making food light natural artificial natural light light comes largely sun artificial light burning electricity lighted bodies luminous illuminated luminous body sun burning light bulb manufactures light illuminated body moon mirror visible reflects light origin light luminous body completely understood heat energy vital factor producing light energy clamp piece iron horseshoe large nail heat iron bunsen burner iron heated begins glow red white finally source heat blue remove burner iron continues glow cools experiment shows heated body produce light heat introduction energy heat body apparently emission light energy thought emitted energy results disturbances nucleus electron arrangements atoms body disturbances called interactions energy emitted
gases liquids poured gases considered fluids weights small gases exert pressure reasons liquids understand gas pressure concerning common mixture gases called air live bottom ocean air atmosphere characteristics air pressure atmospheric pressure air pressure decreases altitude increases recall pressure exerted liquid depends height liquid true air pressure air pressure greatest bottom atmosphere altitude sea level ascend atmosphere climbing mountain flying airplane height column air smaller result air pressure altitude sea level sea level sea level air pressure pounds square inch newtons square centimeter water pressure discomfort ears swimming air pressure effect occur travel rapidly tall building elevator air exerts pressure equally directions liquids gases exert pressure equally directions fact plants animals inanimate objects crushed tremendous weight air evidence statement true consider leaf attached thin stalk branch
attach metal object string suspend spring scale note weight scale lower metal object container water observe weight object lighter learned liquid motion exerts pressure directions weight helps understand objects lose weight immersed water object lose weight downward force exerted gravity opposed upward force water exerts pressure directions upward pressure produces force called buoyant force force opposes weight object makes lose weight aware buoyant force water attempt lift friend immersed water buoyant force supports ships water balloons air find buoyant force water object need find difference weight object air weight water place object water object pushes displaces water volume water displaced equal volume object occupies buoyant force object upward pressure remaining water object pressure found equal weight displaced water
previous discussion motion concerned objects moving straight line bodies orbiting space vehicles revolving wheels clothes washing machine spin cycle exhibit motion curved circular path bodies move constant speed curved path constant radius motion called uniform circular motion suppose tie string small stone twirl stone object moves circular path force string exerts stone force called centripetal center seeking force pulls moving stone center curved path stone exerts force string reaction center seeking force called centrifugal center fleeing reaction string snap stone fly straight line centripetal force exists string breaks centrifugal reaction according newton law body motion continues motion straight line newton laws motion help understand movement bodies earth laws govern movement bodies space stone attached piece string hangs vertically string gravity attracts stone force acting stone weight pulling downward object dropped height earth gravitational pull pulled downward stone twirled rapidly centrifugal reaction force centripetal gravitational force stone moves circular path
think water places rains water falls ground happens rainwater ways water ground containers left standing outdoors open place rain suppose rainwater collected inch deep inch rainfall imagine rain staying ground falls inch rainfall layer water inch deep hard rain inch rain fall hour rains inch rain falls water rain snow guess falls ground places rain falls live find boy picture marking square ground side foot rainwater suppose fall square inch rainfall cup cup cups pint pint pints quart quart pictures show find water falls square foot ground inch rainfall water guess falls parking lot inch rainfall
rainwater falls land runs downhill lowest path collects low spots model photographs show water land running downhill standing low spots match photograph number model places live seen land steep run water flows downhill fast land flat water runs slowly think water flows fastest land shown model water flow downhill falls happens goes edge land makes waterfall run water ends sea streams flowing falls rainwater washes surface ground runs gullies larger valleys water flows brooks creeks rivers bottoms valleys streams water streams flows sea valleys steep sides called canyons gorges sides steep valleys nearly flat live live valley places hollows ground called basins water runs basins fills extra water flows lowest place
boys girls class happened able try watch pile earth workmen look changed rain water wash erode ground water drop deposit material record place photograph pictures place mountain photograph shows streams flow valleys erode valleys streams run branches tree materials erode easily falls rapids streams drop rock particles bottom steep places fans streams flow water deposit rock particles deltas dams block stream valleys hold water ponds lakes small scale features look large scale features land formed important difference size big difference quickly form change water runs ground move sand grains particles rock
bulb cell connected bulb lights electric circuit circuit sort loop beginning end word circuit think circle circle beginning end bulb lights flowing circuit called electricity circuit path electricity electricity flows circuit wires bulb cell arrows show flows electricity circuit observe electricity flows makes bulb light cell needed electricity flow electricity move circuit bulb light light suppose connect circuit opening gap find bulb light close gap gap circuit electricity flow turn lights switch wondered switch works switch closing opening gap electric circuit easier safer switch hold wires light circuit switch connected side bulb
heat travels materials materials conductors heat poor conductors heat insulators materials predict conductors heat test predictions list materials conductors heat list poor conductors heat test materials find conduct electricity list conductors electricity list poor conductors electricity compare lists discover try making electric tester test friends science arithmetic social studies pictures questions problems real objects seeds punch rows holes sheet thin cardboard put pictures objects questions row holes write names answers put order board connect holes match strips foil put paper strips insulation light circuit gap circuit check part test light hold wires holes match answer correct light cover sheet cardboard let friends try electric tester test testers
flashlight kind electric light idea course sure need check week shows flashlight looks inside parts conduct electricity shown red press switch electricity flows parts trace circuit easy flashlight inside carefully lose parts flashlight picture find important differences trace electric circuit inside put flashlight sure leave check works flashlight light dim flickers wrong able find trouble cells worn bulb burned broken bulb cap end screwed tightly metal parts connections dirty cells backwards electric light bulbs inside flashlight bulb put magnifying glass help parts small hidden large light bulbs flashlight bulbs size
brain decides muscles decisions based stimuli received eyes ears nose tongue skin impulses stimuli brain hear smell taste feel senses tell going communicate senses blind senses hear sounds faint notice develop wonderful sense touch blind observe sight lose taste cold ask friend close eyes hold nose put gumdrop mouth letting nose tell flavor chose let test things think hear wrong persons observe exactly thing suppose class observes believe fight acted room person writes exactly thinks saw checking observations read aloud think agree try think scientist writes observations soon try experiment times
today trouble walking driving city walking driving dangerous walking driving easier warm friction shoes sidewalk tires street boy hard friction box floor friction holds moving things things think hard slide friction boy feet slipping things slide easily friction boy job easier picture objects shown sliding past surfaces rubbing tell friction surfaces objects rub touch slide past rub friction tends slow stop movement friction movement fact objects hard move friction easy start desk moving rough floor takes strong push pull desk slows stops push pull stops friction floor desk friction push start desk moving started move sliding stopped
bearings wheels bicycles automobiles machines bearings rollers bearings small balls ball bearings roller bearings help wheels turn easily important idea lubricants slippery substances reduce friction lubricants put surfaces rub roll things easier move lubricants help prevent squeaks reduce wear seen lubricants lubricants lubricants wanted wrong places dangerous objects show wear caused friction examples think lubricants reduce friction reduce wear reason putting oil grease moving parts automobiles metal wear happened automobile bearing greased drinking straw stir water glass spin rapidly sprinkle pencil shavings water show fast spins straw touching water pencil shavings notice water slows water glass slows friction water glass water stopped spinning turn glass turning steadily suppose water turns
wood gasoline candle wax fuels food body fuel fuels combine oxygen carbon dioxide carbon dioxide body waste products waste product food fuels combine oxygen find observe candle flame waste product water gasoline combines oxygen car engine water comes exhaust pipe cold days looks cloud warm days gas vapor candle flame fuel combines oxygen water produced water vapor trapped inside jar form droplets glass makes glass foggy body water leaves urine leaves perspire leaves breathe cold days breath remember breathe warm days water vapor leaves body water give water food result food combining oxygen body cells spoil air breathing animals oxygen sooner later animals giving carbon dioxide green plants guess blood inside pint
oxygen air air polluted substances don need harmful body polluted air smoke particles chimneys factories homes electric power plants particles exhaust planes cars breathe dirty air need oxygen smoky dirty air cleaned filter air conditioner remove dirt smoke particles cheesecloth shoebox filter particles getting microscope slide smoke particles air harmful unwanted gases removed filter gasoline burns car engine poisonous gases lot cars dangerous amounts gases poisonous gases chimneys factories power plants homes bad eat drink breathe unwanted chemicals bad strange put poisons bodies purpose smoke millions tiny particles lungs particles stay lungs damage lungs happens particles smokers breathe breathe air room smokers
stars twinkle light steady astronauts space look sky stars twinkle shows atmosphere air earth twinkling light star passes atmosphere path bent slightly atmosphere bends path makes star twinkle stars shine cloudy nights stars shine night shine daytime clouds sky lighted sun stars seen sky bright found big dipper sky able dipper find pictures stars squares crosses triangles able imagine shapes animals hundreds ago bright lights hide stars sky clearer air polluted easier stars night days spent hours looking sky observed stars changed positions gave names stars groups stars constellations form pictures constellations
pupils class observed happens electric meters heating appliances turned pupils lived houses lived apartments able find electric meter electric meters measure electrical energy house apartment electrical energy measured family pay class observed electric meter thin wheel turned heating appliance turned wheel turned faster appliance turned wheel turned slowly home switches electric stove turned high wheel meter turned rapidly signal turned low wheel turned slowly switches turned wheel stopped suppose stop completely class learned appliances wheel turn fast electricity appliances electricity jumps air passing metal wire spark happens slide seat car touch door handle electricity jumps door handle feel spark hurt hot electric sparks start burning gasoline
suppose want ice cubes fill tray water put refrigerator refrigerator turn water ice taking lot heat lot thermal energy water heat refrigerator cold inside fluid refrigerator pumped motor narrow tubes heat absorbed fluid fluid pumped tubes freezer pumped tubes refrigerator fluid absorbs heat inside refrigerator carries thermal energy inside passes metal section refrigerator goes air cupboards curtains working kitchen window energy comes inside refrigerator lost gained things water ice cube tray loses heat things refrigerator gain suppose turns air conditioner moves room heat outdoors air conditioners move heat inside buildings outdoors heat warm air outdoors tiny bit impossible live modern electrical energy needed lighting homes cooking keeping food fresh needed tv telephones gasoline pumps electrical energy comes huge generating stations
water animals need lots oxygen live cold water warm water warm water hold dissolved air oxygen cold water water warm dissolved air leave bubbles water dissolved oxygen animals need lot warming river lake change kinds plants animals live fish need cold water lot oxygen disappear living things stand warm water oxygen place feel harmful study tell modern generating stations nuclear energy huge air deal water vapor climate forming fog heat thousands homes factories change climate place big city degrees warmer nearby towns waste heat kinds think ways waste heat helpful harmful thermal pollution bad kinds pollution known find ways heat wasting environment place
look picture desert page living things picture plants animals live place need water deserts springs springs filled water ground plants live springs largest desert sahara desert places called oases arizona sonoran desert southwestern part united states sahara kinds plants grow american desert plants grow deserts adapted desert plants special parts help survive stay alive special parts plants quickly die rain falls arizona sonoran desert falls spring desert plants bloom brightly colored flowers weeks flowers drop plants stop growing desert plants special kinds leaves stems roots help live hot periods water cactus plant roots close surface spread plant roots soak water plant rain cactus plant looks fat stores water stem mesquite plant deep roots roots grow ground metres roots find water plant
rain forests found equator temperature area climate hot moist means plants twelve month growing season trees rain forest grow metres forest floor forest canopy spreads thick sunlight reach forest floor sunlight plants live plants adapted rain forest survive plants curl twine plants called vines vines roots ground vine grows tree reaches top vine sprouts leaves flowers canopy layer vine sunlight grow leaves leaves food vine alive kinds orchid plants root ground roots orchids cling side tree roots water directly air orchid grows top tree sunlight needs survive trees grow close river banks rain forest sunlight reach ground plants shrub herb layers grow grow tall bamboo grow metres tall plant woody grass family bamboo grows river banks rain forests fungi important nongreen plants found forest floor
black bear largest animals found north america spends spring summer feeding kind food eats berries grow shrub layer forests eats small animals squirrels frogs chipmunks insects black bear adapted cold winter summer builds thick layer fat cold weather comes bear sleeps den layer stored fat food bear winter naps bear energy sleeping need food chipmunk small animals forest summer searches seeds nuts stores winter underground home stays underground burrow winter sleeps lot bear wakes eats white tailed deer special adaptations help survive stay alive underside deer tail white danger deer flicks tail deer flash white run male deer cornered enemies horns antlers defend baby deer called fawns fawns born patches white hair fawn lies spots help blend surroundings
eyes important learn learned sight important care eyes bright light injure nerve endings retina look directly sun protect eyes glaring sunlight wear dark glasses wear caps hats shade eyes read write sure light shine eyes light reflect book paper awhile speck dirt eye don rub eye piece dirt scratch cornea tears eye wash glasses help trouble seeing feel dizzy need glasses eye doctor examine eyes let cold winter part cold ears spend cold air protect ears hood hat earmuffs saying put smaller elbow ear saying remember ear canal leads eardrum eardrum thin putting pencils sticks ear break eardrum hearing problem sure wash ears told
imaginary trip united states start trip york city leave city notice land flat land coastal plain trip continues mountains rising sky mountains rounded top covered trees rounded mountains worn wind rain mountains leaving mountains land flat flat land stretches kilometres direction flat land plains plains cover central part leave plains tall mountains jut high mountains sharp rocky peaks mountain tops covered snow trees grow tops mountains mountains trip nears end los land flat coastal plain main kinds mountains volcanoes fault block mountains folded mountains mountains formed ways volcanoes formed magma liquid rock inside earth seeps erupts cracks earth crust melted rock pours mountain crater hardens called lava forms cone shaped mountains cracks run earth crust places cracks called faults pressure earth crust move faults
air heated expands takes space air lighter heated lighter warmer air pushed upwards cooler heavier air air moves heated cooled heating cooling air winds wind important earth imagine rained land plants animals begin die soon land wind helps rain land needs water oceans gas called water vapor water vapor makes clouds wind blows clouds land water vapor liquid falls rain land water needs wind helps remember difference mountains mountains worn eroded wind helps erode rocks helps change rocks soil found earth covered water water differs substance earth differs properties properties substance tell substance acts water clear colorless color property matter smell odor property pure water smell odorless pure water tasteless tasteless means nature water substance found states ice solid
giant kelp largest ocean plants found pacific ocean coast north america grow metres length fastest growing plants grow centimetres cm live coastal waters live anchored rocks holdfasts strong order plant torn loose high tide beating waves low tide left high dry rocks seaweeds grow bladders bladders small baglike parts act floats bladders lift plant upright water lets plant sunlight air bladders kelp size golf balls wave fro water undersea divers say kelp beds look underwater forests surprised find plants animals ocean tiny naked eye microscope tiny water plants animals called plankton plant plankton anchor float surface ocean sunlight need food animal plankton moving drift surface ocean wandering ocean currents
kinds fish live ocean fish sizes shapes colors largest fish whale shark giant peaceful fish feeds plankton straining water swims mouth open kinds fish travel groups called schools scientists think fish travel schools protection large school moving water scare predators think large school fish attract predators fish meat eaters means feed fish creatures ocean strongest dangerous fish shark creature ocean shark attack fishes shark natural enemies hunt sharks clams octopuses related belong group known mollusks related looks ways living clams live muddy sandy ocean floor shore protected hard shells hinged clams move dig sand footlike part feed straining plankton water octopus clam foot foot divided arms called tentacles octopus walks ocean floor tentacles tentacle suction discs
ocean main source food millions countries land raise cattle countries depend fish ocean food millions fish sea animals plants sea plants animals food valuables ocean salt think ocean salt ocean cover bit land depth metres found ways salt water ocean salt chlorine drinking water swimming pools magnesium important metal found ocean salts minerals need metals ocean floor scientists trying find mine oceanographers found needed things ocean waters floor countries arguing oceans ask oceans belong answers problem solved think reasons need energy need energy heat homes cook food need energy run cars buses planes trains energy comes oil running oil united states
asked measurements mass length volume completing activities need basic measurements measure lengths centimeters millimeters metric ruler longer lengths distances measured meter stick find areas measuring lengths widths area amount surface covered body area expressed square units square centimeter mass measure amount matter object mass weight measures weight amount attraction earth gravity field object mass measured kilograms kg grams weight measured newtons mass weight related object large mass weighs object small mass weight earth increases mass increases measure mass balance scale figure read mass directly triple beam scales beam balance mass determined adding masses needed balance object weight measured spring scale weight varies place place depending strength gravity field person weighs pike peak colorado beach miami florida strength earth gravity field decreases distance earth center astronaut weight decreases astronaut moves farther earth astronaut mass remains
describe location cairo egypt answer answer located southeast coast mediterranean sea say located northeast tip african continent answers correct locate places earth latitude longitude locate places exactly look closely globe map find equator lies halfway north south poles notice lines equator called lines latitude note lines numbered degrees north south equator equator numbered degrees latitude northern half globe map latitude measured equator north pole true southern half globe locations north equator referred degrees north latitude locations south referred degrees south latitude observe ottawa canada located north latitude latitude cairo egypt lines globe map pass poles lines called meridians lines longitude divide earth similar circle unlike lines latitude meridians parallel farthest equator closer poles meet
moon rotates axis days days moon makes revolution earth respect stars period varies motions moon caused sun gravity field rotation revolution moon amount casual observer earth sees side moon observe carefully discover exactly face visible month tilt moon axis observer moon poles times observer moon surface equator times phases changing appearance moon depend moon position relative sun let assume earth moon sun star straight line date twenty days later earth moon star straight line moon travel orbit line sun takes days moon line sun straight line moon lies directon sun side moon facing earth dark figure moon phase moon moves eastward orbit sunlight side visible
metamorphic rocks formed conditions heat pressure similar environment igneous rocks form temperatures lower complete melting occur metamorphism metamorphic occur depths kilometers beneath surface temperatures depth range general metamorphic require deep burial rock solid original rock material undergo rearrangement mineral grains enlargement crystals change chemistry rock metamorphic rocks minerals found igneous rocks addition minerals found kinds rocks metamorphic change rearrangement mineral grains minerals begin line bands layers temperature reaches temperature continues rise crystals tend grow larger chemical reactions occur sedimentary rocks form earth surface elements igneous rocks elements arranged combinations stable surface temperatures pressures metamorphism low temperature minerals changed minerals stable high temperatures pressures sandstone shale changed rocks feldspars quartz mica limestone changed marble metamorphism mountain building mountains rise magma forced surface hardens mountain core metamorphic rocks surround core hundreds kilometers rocks nearest core amount recrystallization decreases outward core
sedimentary rocks classified clastic rocks fragments rocks grains minerals crushed shells rocks deposited solution organic processes fragments rock carried rivers winds waves glaciers generally deposited velocity transporting agent decreases exception glaciers agents drop loads velocity decreases large heavy pieces dropped speed continues decrease smaller smaller sizes dropped glaciers melt load dropped immediately clastic rocks named according size shape fragments conglomerates mixtures rounded pebbles kind size clay sand grains present breccia similar conglomerate fragments sharp angular pieces angular shape moved edges rounded sandstones consist small grains quartz basalt calcite feldspar materials feel gritty grains easy beach river sands quartz grains black sand beaches hawaii ground basalt lava bahamas places florida beach sands shell fragments sandstone smaller grains felt seen magnification clay present large amounts shale thin layers clay fragments small seen mica flakes common shales give rock surface smooth slippery feel
atmosphere divided layers based temperature troposphere layer nearest earth percent gases atmosphere dust water vapor layer zone weather occurs temperatures decrease increasing height troposphere top troposphere kilometers earth thin layer called tropopause acts ceiling weather zone layer strong winds called jet streams discuss later chapter tropopause lies stratosphere layer extends upward kilometers earth lower part zone temperatures constant kilometers temperatures rise stratosphere layer ozone ozone keeps ultraviolet radiation sun reaching earth surface mesosphere layer atmosphere coldest zone layer extends kilometers upward kilometers temperatures decrease top mesosphere layer atmosphere thermosphere includes ionosphere exosphere thermosphere extends upward kilometers temperatures zone increase rapidly absorption solar energy ionosphere electrically charged ions form layers reflect radio waves earth radio waves reflected angle return earth starting point
step wearing land mass movement pull gravity loose material move slope mass movements slow fast case weathered fragments move higher lower elevations eventually materials rest bottom slope material accumulates foot hill cliff called talus pile piles recognized easily semiarid country process seen small scale ditches areas gravity works material roll fall slide slope areas water helps move material water adds weight makes fragments slippery process makes slope steeper brings mass movement slopes steepened undercut waves rivers cut rocks build houses roads slope steepened nature responds kind mass movement rides mountains familiar sign beware falling rock large masses rock small pieces size pebble dangerous happen road traffic heavy close road completely terms describe mass movement terms classify movements according size material moved downward terms refer speed movement landslides rapid movements large amounts material
rivers important erosional agent affect area landscapes largely running water desert regions river systems begin runoff follows channel rainfall rainfall gravity water continuously flows lower levels runoff follows shortest path downward material resistant cut flow turns cuts path resistant obstacle established path later runoff small rills form join form creeks join form streams join form main river network channels drainage system drainage systems treelike pattern main river mississippi tree trunk tributaries missouri ohio rivers large branches rills small branches twigs river mouth river empties river lake ocean area drained main river branches drainage basin drainage basins separated high ground called divide early stages divides wide narrow drainage system cuts divide steals runoff drainage basin drainage system grows larger extension deepening channels widening valleys water flows high elevations sheet gradually channeled network small rills rills eventually extend higher higher area
glaciers masses ice motion form snowfall heavy temperatures cold snow remain snow falls flakes surface snow snow builds rounded ice granules form upper layers snow ice granules snow ground weeks north latitudes meters snow ice granules accumulate weight bottom granules crystallized ice change similar changing sedimentary rock metamorphic rock bottom ice pliable putty begins move slope movement downslope slope glacier spreads outward directions spilled molasses glaciers classified valley piedmont continental valley glaciers called alpine glaciers form high elevations snow lasts valley glaciers valleys river system preceded cold climate glaciers begin snowfields collect hollows valleys steep slopes snow snow slides slope blown melts hollows hidden sun wind snow remain temperatures low humid climates accumulation snow rapid drier regions snow scarce glaciers form matter cold climate
part earth surface rises high surrounding land called mountain hill rock bodies rise meters nearby lands called mountains elevations meters called hills mountains worn hills eventually hills eroded level plains dissected mountains type mountain result crustal plate collisions formed erosion plains plateaus mountains simple structure horizontal gently folded layers cut original landscape erosion figure shows typical mountain structural mountains result uplift earth crust mountain systems earth class systems hundreds kilometers wide thousands kilometers lie roughly parallel continental coastlines mountains formed collisions crustal plates appalachian rocky mountains examples structural mountains united states appalachians extend quebec canada south alabama distance kilometers oldest mountains united states worn erosion millions roots range mountains formed million ago contrast rocky mountains rugged peaks higher meters elevation area exposed erosion appalachians
attempts measure age earth attempts based relative amounts radioactive elements rocks scientists assign age rock layers elements attempt judge ages layers relationships dated layers geologists study layered rocks clues age study fossils remains plants animals found rocks fossils found sedimentary rocks thinking geologic history based learn sedimentary rocks sedimentary rocks laid horizontal layers oldest beds bottom goes younger beds laid older idea called principle superposition continents stayed place history easier unravel continents bump ocean plates rock layers folded faulted sedimentary layers longer horizontal relationships complex sedimentary layers uplifted faulted folded order determined layers place horizontal presence fossils helps determine layers oldest relationships igneous rocks difficult determine layered rocks step igneous bodies related sedimentary rocks igneous body cuts series layered rocks clear layered rocks
theory evolution proposed charles darwin alfred wallace evidence suggests gradual change environment occurs organisms brought mutations gene material offspring differ parents due mutation passed parent offspring mutations harmful species die mutations help species survive environment species group similar organisms individuals group identical members interbreed offspring general characteristics parents small individual differences lead gradually development species common include size bone structure eye position ear structure shell patterns traced periods horse changed toed animal toes middle touching ground present toe hoof small dog sized animal present size large varieties involve tooth structure head formation horse increased size legs feet lengthened loss extra toes meant horse move swiftly skull teeth changed jaw heavier
sun holds members solar system orbit gravitational field bodies include planets satellites bodies asteroids meteoroids comets sun percent mass solar system forms central body bodies solar system revolve mass sun due gases hydrogen helium rotation rate parts sun gases sun equator move faster poles sun rotation rate ranges days equator days poles sun central gaseous core layers sun gases constant motion makes impossible tell exactly boundaries layers core hydrogen gas changed helium gas temperatures million protons repel forced combine eventually stable helium nucleus protons neutrons formed nuclear reaction energy source sun heat light released nuclear reaction pressure sun interior overcomes weight overlying gases radiation flows outward sun interior surface surface radiation escapes space surface sun layer emits visible radiation outward layer layers sun atmosphere
weather satellite orbit tiros carried television cameras stored pictures tape earth later global coverage developed satellites orbit weather checked half hour night series called nimbus satellites polar orbits satellites map global weather pictures ice flows icebergs shipping lanes tornado warnings issued suspicious cloud patterns spotted jet streams mapped snow ice storms recorded weather forecasting improved greatly pictures satellites satellite pictures contribute safer air travel someday satellite weather information allow change weather satellites communication proposed arthur clarke british science writer suggested placing satellite stationary orbit equator thought radio receivers transmitters power supply satellite send signals widely separated ground stations john pierce american scientist proposed satellite put orbit reflect radio waves reflector communications satellite plastic balloon called echo surface echo thin aluminum coating acted mirror reflect light seen moving sky night coating reflected radio waves light echo success august relay telegrams telephone calls pictures
wolf walked walked wrong word bounced coil springs set knees directly front turned looked known known wolves country fact seen camp night searching easy meal garbage partly reason camp garbage burned incinerator wolves camp mean trouble wolf wolves seen camp bold unlike observed wilds response look wolves tundra treeless rolling seen earlier depression stood tremendously legs staring nearest tree miles thought allowed guns construction camps protect brittle caribou antler jackknife inch blade wolves seldom attack knew true stood animal fifty yards raised staring animal kill knew show fear animals sense sensed fear trouble
tom felt sick cold brain working run thought run rip genevieve paw tom thought match rip pages school books set fire knew tigers leopards lions afraid burning match supposing father caught matches pocket dry season wow wow wow maybe thought big stone stun looked sharp flat pieces granite side road blasted cougar jumped air huge yellow bird tom trouble leaving ran side road picked piece granite course moved genevieve trueheart leaning leg fell seen lay happy looked sack potatoes cougar walked genevieve didn believe couldn tell paid attention tom hamilton seen seen genevieve stretched neck sniffed smelled pretty sat licked paws
kato abruptly rose table pushed chair deliberate care sitting directly front noticed perspiration gathered forehead pulling rumpled handkerchief rear pocket wipe face glistening excused table strain evening thought unendurable looked astonishment speak mama whispered going wrong looking mother quickly told watched kato disappeared kitchen tried eating listening explanatory sounds emerge kitchen thought occurred search egg knew find carton empty mama began silenced firm hand knee kato kitchen minutes reappeared looked happier infinitely comfortable ah excuse murmured resumed place pushing glasses nose took large mouthfuls rice pickled melon realize waiting sort explanation glancing startled expression table
walter forgot hand warmer aunt stephanie suddenly remembered hand warmer acted real polite curious somethin bed warmer carried coat pocket help chest warm explained bought think living cold wilbur ma told sadly uncle walter carefully directions package filling lighting thing stood close asked fascinated questions think pretending look dad giving finally ducked room forgot bring compass gasped brush piles clear west pasture dad cleared throat meant didn shut stop putting act wouldn rabbits afternoon waited quietly marion hand warmer ready led fence open fields edge scrub oak dad clearing mound brush searched snow tracks bunny told marion hands warmed top jump real hard runs
fill idle hours help forget worries temporarily darrow invented things jigsaw puzzles created combination bat ball supposed beach toy designed improved pad scoring bridge games interesting diversions willing pay darrow problem course unique friends family jobs trouble affording necessities food shelter movies theater form entertainment cost money expensive evenings weekends talked gloomy recital troubles conversation nostalgic remember days darrow wife memories vacations spent seaside resort jersey called atlantic city evening darrow sat kitchen table germantown pennsylvania sketched street names atlantic city oilcloth covered table included railroads carried wealthy vacationers resort utility companies serviced wanted fourth railroad board symmetrical added short line actually freight carrying bus company depot atlantic city local paint store gave free samples colors color game board game began form mind
stared approaching nun fear amazement football practice field located nearly blocks school appearance deep trouble teammates donned helmets subconscious gestures defense rehearsed looks innocence automatically plastered faces chose remain unmasked conducted hasty review recent activities unable recall nun leave convent track football practice custody ambled end zone paused give goal post standard affectionate pat large manila envelope clutched hand afternoon boys nun sister mary mummy slightly larger entire starting backfield uniform pair high topped black replaced clunky leather shoes wore rosary silver whistle dangled chain encircled waist afternoon sister chorused blending voices manner lennon sisters envious boys maybe call paused team shared nervous laugh announcement continued won happy say fact disappointed degree
seen europe accustomed eastern products spices sugar perfumes silks goods brought italian traders italian cities especially venice genoa worked flourishing trade east making huge profits italian merchants actually journey east arabian traders traveled distant lands returned goods sold italians let important routes arab traders travels look map page read trace routes traders northern route difficult led china westward wide plains asia journey half black sea mediterranean sea central route sea land arabian seamen carried wares northward western coast india persian gulf caravans took goods overland seaports eastern mediterranean southern route water route china india arabia red sea short distance land seaports egypt italian merchants picked goods remember matter routes ended italian merchants hand buy goods arab traders
hudson voyage brought failure death hoisted sail banner mother country england small ship discovery headed setting sun voyage return frobisher turned north crew fought ice blocked strait eyes body clear water stretched south west summer hudson sailed waters huge bay seeking passage asia winter company camp frozen shores bay spring small quantity cheese biscuit left crew suffered hardships stand forced hudson young son loyal boat set adrift henry hudson heard members crew managed england today hudson bay reminds brave explorer perished icy waters finding passageway sought map page shows hudson explorations daring captains verrazano frobisher read touched edges north america explorers cartier champlain rivers natural pathways pushing deeper deeper
nations strike spain carry secret trade colonies spanish regulations forbade trade non spanish traders agreements deliver goods seaport towns anchor coast land merchandise night small boats english captain boldly sailed armed ship port landed negro slaves sold eyes spanish officials illegal trade took wealth pockets spanish merchants strike spain actually attacking merchant treasure ships armed ships france holland england roamed seas captured spanish ships plundered rich towns coasts spanish america spain dog piece meat attacked dogs treasure booty snatched raiders valued exactly worth millions dollars later raiding sea rovers helped spanish territory french pirates took western end hispaniola attacked spanish trade caribbean english pirates established coast central america dutch pirates took island coast venezuela english successful striking spain columbus discovered england powerful country wars rival noble families left weak
spring spring seen colonists arms hoped remain british subjects believed willingness shed blood show king george iii ministers bitterly opposed strict control mother country result colonists england hoped british government change attitude adopting milder attitude america king decided firm agreed british general boston wrote colonists lions whilst lambs resolute part firm stand undoubtedly prove meek stricter laws adopted greatly hurt trade industry colonies king refused listen grievances american subjects proclaimed rebels hired german soldiers called hessians serve armies america act greatly angered colonists bad british redcoats swaggering streets worse country occupied hired soldiers speaking strange language americans forced admit hope fair treatment mother country colonies throw government britain independent leaders thought
question french north america asking rulers force stop speaking language prevent going church terms surrender gave french settlers native speech religion fears agreement carried french colonists wondered lands built homes englishmen french colonists learned relief british government thought forcing adopt english customs speech thirteen british colonies beginning talk liberty defending rights britain realized french settlers felt wronged listen gladly dangerous talk british colonists south britain continued kind government french colonists accustomed promised worship roman catholic church lands fair treatment england hoped win trust loyalty french canadians britain thinking trouble thirteen colonies effect canada soon fighting broken american colonies mother country ethan allen force known green mountain boys surprise attack
answer objections jefferson friends constitution rights perfectly safe pointed laws passed congress consent representatives house explained ways union confederation win countrymen favored constitution spoke meetings states explained union articles printed newspapers small pamphlets famous articles series called federalist written james madison alexander hamilton john jay articles gave clear explanation constitution presented strong arguments accepting slowly approved constitution gained support delaware accepted constitution pennsylvania jersey georgia connecticut massachusetts maryland south carolina hampshire states agreed states accepted constitution government states constitution won small number votes friends compelled promise addition bill rights protect liberties important states virginia york accepted constitution virginia patrick henry fiery speaker revolutionary days worked accepting constitution feared power central government
learned unit sections country developing ways north interested manufacturing shipping south specialized growing crops cotton export rapidly growing west wanted cheap land settlers transportation products special interests north south west conflict reason sections rivals members congress frequently concerned welfare sections welfare nation election section country determined place white house advance interests england supported john quincy adams son president john adams secretary president monroe south supported william crawford georgia west favorite sons henry clay kentucky andrew jackson tennessee votes counted candidate won majority case constitution says house representatives choose president candidates won votes amendment xii henry clay received fewest votes candidates asked supporters vote adams help adams elected house john quincy adams president history country father president extremely capable record government service
president jefferson eager learn vast land united states purchased small expedition soldiers explore louisiana territory leaders captain meriwether lewis captain william clark younger brother george rogers clark revolutionary war fame setting st louis journeyed missouri lands sioux indians follow route lewis clark map page lewis clark spent winter north dakota continued journey spring missouri river rockies narrow straddle turning reached rockies crossed mountains help indian woman guide named sacajawea careful notes things birds animals trees flowers saw locations rivers mountains records show suffered cold mosquitoes flies summer lewis clark finally reached columbia river floated waters pacific return trip safely reached st louis journey miles expedition lewis clark gave united states information lands paved hunters traders pioneer farmers record lewis clark journey published found libraries
dispute slavery lands obtained mexico head discovery gold california learned chapter discovery gold caused rush california formed government asked admitted free southerners outrage insisted california closed slavery northerners insisted slavery california discussed congress slavery rest territories need discussed compromise agreed country split outlook grave congress faced perplexing problems especially famous entered congress nearing close careers daniel webster massachusetts orator statesman disliked slavery wanted country united henry clay kentucky known compromiser clay skillful finding ways keeping peace disagreed helped missouri compromise later clay effort bring compromise north south john calhoun south carolina champion states rights
steelmaking revolutionized andrew carnegie modern american industry getting start petroleum oil commonly call lay quantities earth pennsylvania places seeped rock formed scum surface creeks farmers skimmed oil grease wagons shrewd bottled sold medicine understood real petroleum scientist benjamin tested found refined lighting homes buildings oil drilled titusville pennsylvania news oil wells successfully drilled effect discovery gold california chance huge fortunes country coal oil kerosene lighting place candles whale oil lamps prospectors flocked thousands pennsylvania overnight wells drilled oil derricks dotted landscape western pennsylvania center industry john rockefeller merchant cleveland interested oil determined control entire oil refining business starting single oil refinery rockefeller partners branched controlled cent oil refining plants country rockefeller stop
ample rainfall corn wheat lands plains produced fine crops farmers disappointed farther west western part country rainfall grow farm crops pioneers arrived rainfall heavier usual deceived greenness land normal dry crops wilted died families fled dry land rich soil regions needed water skillful invented farm machinery conquered problem growing crops dry ground largely irrigation means bringing water natural source canals pipes ditches carry water fields runs rows plants trees mormons utah page especially successful irrigating dry lands later settlers order provide water irrigate large areas national government built dams reservoirs collect store water dams marvels construction hoover dam nevada arizona stores waters colorado river irrigate vast regions southwest grand coulee dam columbia river furnishes water large sections northwest fort peck dam dams missouri river store water lands nebraska dakotas montana
nation grown steady rate population country increased slower pace earlier change partly due laws limiting immigration page partly falling birth rate remember depression jobs scarce wages low conditions fewer married fewer babies born studied population figures believed population united states total million birth rate jumped sharply increasing size average american family number americans passed million population estimates sharply revised recent babies increasing number older important discoveries medical science reduced number deaths due diseases americans learned eat healthful foods relax week ends vacations attention paid preventing disease americans restless energetic settled continent developed natural resources built american industry hundred ago larger percentage grew married lived lives place
start administration president kennedy faced problems brought cold war southeast asia communist forces threatened laos cuba read earlier page invading force cuban exiles failed overthrow castro government khrushchev threatening stir crisis berlin cold war problems led president kennedy advisers feel khrushchev meet june president kennedy flew vienna conferred russian leader questions urgent importance agreements decisions significance reached leaders exchanged views vital issues nuclear testing future laos meetings leaders statement concerning cold war moscow premier khrushchev declared tide history running favor communism president kennedy report american stated believe strongly prove liberty independence determination communism future unyielding attitude adopted khrushchev vienna meeting convinced president united states build military strength government continue discuss plans disarmament nation allowed conclude willingness peace meant military weakness additional american forces air lifted divided city berlin
united states continued programs explore space page unmanned spacecraft investigated atmosphere planet venus valuable scientific information earth communications satellites orbited earth transmitted live television programs continents space vehicles photographs moon planet mars july centuries dream landing moon reality historic moment arrived flight apollo orbit moon astronauts aboard michael collins continued pilot command module moon orbit companions neil armstrong edwin aldrin jr entered lunar module descended moon surface millions watched live television neil armstrong stepped module foot surface moon spoke words small step giant leap mankind giant leaps follow end additional apollo missions landed american astronauts locations moon samples moon dust rock gathered brought earth scientific study unmanned mariner vehicle completed month journey million miles orbit planet mars craft orbit planet late pioneer spacecraft voyage million miles began transmit earth pictures planet jupiter
accounts criminal activity unfolded president closest supporters claimed involved illegal activities sincerely doubted true system government president accused wrongdoing congress bring impeachment proceedings article sections article ii section constitution president andrew johnson impeached house tried senate senate failed vote find guilty page spring early summer months judiciary committee house representatives sifted evidence president nixon late july committee recommended house richard nixon impeached charges worked prevent full investigation watergate burglary abused high office interfering constitutional rights citizens purpose internal revenue service fbi secret service defied orders congress give papers records house judiciary committee women committee voted president charges members president party discussion committee president tapes
kim lived big apartment house lived apartment mother daddy sister brother kim lots friends apartment house kim friends rosa lived apartment kim wanted rosa big sister home kim sister kim didn sister places wanted mother kim sister home kim wanted rosa rosa apartment mother asked kim mother don kim big girl kim mother say kim ran apartment going rosa apartment girls played rosa apartment morning rosa brother home friends boys noise kim want apartment quiet yes rosa let tell mother going kim rosa elevator looked buttons tried reach couldn reach going asked rosa maybe jump reach kim kim jumped reach button
wick looked window snow beautiful didn lost thought knew puffs smoke air camp fires soldiers soldiers fighting british general george washington told home tired food bright lived road week talk mother soldiers idea stay inside horse locked barn want home badly horse need horse help bright thoughts turned soldiers mother called mother asked asked knew mother bed days eat skin felt hot tea mother asked mrs wick closed eyes think try softly mother sipping tea looked knew going wait longer mother going doctor soldiers mother
billy jenkins walk home tired nina tired walk want ride silver sailboat billy jenkins tame river times sail sailboat silver big sail connecticut coming huh billy jenkins want ride sea makes swirly boy smooth riding plane billy jenkins plane ride yes handle gentle won sick ride low touch fence ivy straight fast won sick ride coming billy jenkins coming want country ride birds stick trees fly don worry won scare birds glide billy jenkins glide maybe don riding plane maybe tall high handle quiet gentle scary glide don plane billy jenkins train black midnight coal shine proud fast fast slow chipmunks hide
winter snow lay deep ground rabbit look food found turnips gobbled snowing hard cold maybe donkey eat turnip ran donkey house donkey rabbit left turnip donkey doorstep hopped home donkey look food found potatoes home saw turnip surprised put snowing hard cold maybe sheep eat rolled turnip sheep house sign sheep left turnip sheep table trotted home sheep looking food found cabbage happily trotting home eat house found turnip surprised put sheep decided give turnip doe snowing hard cold knew doe need eat sheep took turnip doe house
suppose dig hole center earth suppose dug past center dug deep indian ocean jumped hole fall fall faster faster center earth reached center going fast stop past center side move center earth fall slower slower stop indian ocean fall center earth faster faster past center reach starting point shorter distance past center gravity fall center earth moved past center gravity pull stop moving stay center earth gravity pulls things center earth run downhill uphill gravity pulls throw ball gravity pulls sit gravity holds lie gravity holds bed gravity
days pay days woke sun shining birds singing dressed put shoes tied shoelaces shoes wrong feet untied shoelaces knots left shoes wrong feet breakfast morning dear mother wearing cub scout suit tomorrow cub scout morning sam father shoes wrong feet matter today dressed tried untie shoelaces broke put shoes feet breakfast sugar cereal dear mother put sugar cereal bottom soggy sugar ate terrible call albert albert friend albert hey albert yelled window albert left late mother albert friend took school saw nickel street pick foot kicked sewer boy stayed bed school bell rang
dr penny veterinarian animal doctor patients cats dogs birds rabbits knows care cows horses pigs sheep lions tigers animals zoo circus dr penny works animal hospital doctor check sick animals hospital doctors checked patients examine animals decide help rex owner brought dr penny limping dr penny examine find dragging leg dr penny decides ray picture inside rex leg looks ray picture knows wrong rex leg broken dr penny operate leg dr penny ready operation washing hands carefully hot water strong soap sure germs dog wears clean mask cap gown rubber gloves operation hurt rex dr penny medicine puts sleep operation dr penny puts special pin hold broken bone puts cast hold rex leg straight heals rex pain operation soon ready home run fun
boy sat porch steps watching kids playing yard knew names didn moved hi called grinned bushes yard girl called winnie looked eyebrows slid afro didn say play boys called john alex stopped arm wrestling looked didn say play smaller girl called holly sitting cross puppy panic gave wave tossed ponytail didn say play boy watched winnie small black book meeting secret agents order businesslike girl boy tell club meeting play secret agents busy small black book boy wanted tried move porch steps panic barked kids left yard forgot small black book boy picked cover opened book inside secret agents code book big red letters boy grinned liked codes idea soon winnie alex john holly panic looking small black book
sure front message find book look try panic favorite bed follow called holly racing yard john poked head arm doghouse panic sniffed pants bone john throwing grass panic began howl sh holly sh winnie john alex re thinking sure panic favorite bed asked alex bed asked holly flower bed winnie flower bed ran sure panic digging cried john holding folded piece paper opened looked shoulder code book shouted winnie let try figure message alex let write winnie took paper wrote read find book look try oak oak tree holly shouted led gang yard panic nipping heels stuffed hole tree bark note john opened note looked strange find book look mean asked holly search winnie asked holly kind mirror writing
united states million grains beach sand fill ordinary kitchen pail imagine number count grains sand counted yes census bureau part united states government counts ten counting bureau learns things instance learns live farms small towns learns live cities census bureau lumps large towns cities calls urban areas place urban area pretty small places fit cities york chicago los million million americans live places census bureau calls urban million metropolitan areas census bureau term means large central city surrounded smaller cities towns closely joined smaller places called suburbs metropolitan areas moving central cities suburbs caused special problems imagine brand suburb part older metropolitan area houses course cost twenty thirty thousand dollars
live mountain pass washington rocky coast maine shores mighty mississippi busy street los sidewalks york city grassy hill iowa steel mill pittsburgh quiet lake georgia canyon edge southern colorado volcanic sands hawaii glacier fed stream alaska step front door hear cars trains roaring hear call mourning doves lulled sleep night frogs woods street noises walk watch rattlesnakes worry street gangs shopping strangers earn pocket money delivering papers carrying groceries chopping cotton live makes big difference live united states offers kinds places live family live course free choose live choose places choose places health bodies minds human beings need things healthy
areas covered shallow water called wetlands lands flat water run rivers lakes wetlands treeless covered small plants grass called marshes trees swamps wetlands oceans lakes hundred ago united states million acres million acres left looked wetlands thought ways land put drained built homes highways shopping centers factories wetlands useless thing provide large flat areas flood waters spread ocean fish wetlands coasts breeding protection varied animal country found wetlands swamps southern florida alligators deer panthers bears snakes hundreds water birds herons ibis storks gulls finally wetlands increasingly attractive places recreation live urban areas visit kinds natural settings wetlands offer united states number rivers rivers flow lakes oceans rivers point called river mouth place river starts source naturally river source land higher mouth
families sizes kinds families include children families children family person family family child adult person families children woman child woman birth child woman acts mother called mother child kinds things adult child person family child adult male child families country adult female child families child call adult male kinds things adult male child child part family ways child born family adopted part family makes difference child adopted born family families children adults male female family consists adult female adult male child family called nuclear family nuclear family number children
deciding field trip vote whichever received votes win basic belief society live idea voting decisions government united states works societies decisions ways going read stories differences find governments mentioned military officers moved quickly seizing control capital fighting streets stopped morning general headed government rules laws set elections voting general council rules laws newspapers radio television issue news approved government speaking government arrested general prison tried flee country cheered government kind order lot useless talk politicians twelve marcia brandon waging girl drive government action wants save pond pond marcia neighborhood filled land county hospital marcia claims pond resting place waterbirds says area park
thing children need learn growing citizens act easy citizen story girl faced real problem believe backyard gang built clubhouse floor exactly feet feet clubhouse feet high roof leakproof tested garden hose sure clubhouse sat cindy yard tucked bushes hidden spot mary kit brought lumber hammered sawed nailed mary kit dragged load load lumber mary red wagon weeks hard clubhouse finished girls club meetings beginning inside fixed talking opening afternoon children neighborhood mothers worked youngsters left monday cindy happened home school passed smith lumberyard stopped watch woman moving lumber overheard woman say arthur don lumber piles front record sold
beginning portugal began slowly explore oceans portuguese able newer technology ships called caravels ride storms sea addition sail close direction wind blowing portuguese compass tools find sea important reason portuguese wanted explore trade overland trade routes rich kingdoms asia portuguese knew places india china japan east indies goods caravans eastern lands brought goods europeans valued highly gold silk jewels tea spices goods costly trade controlled italian merchants portuguese thought sea route asian riches single ship loaded spices bring fortune portugal wealthy powerful portuguese caravels reached india sailing round continent africa wealth poured portugal result changed leif ericson gutenberg invented movable type books printed news traveled speedily part europe important europeans eager riches exploration adventure spain king ferdinand queen isabella wondered share wealth trouble sea route trading posts controlled portugal directions portuguese sailed reach asia
indians colonists greatest trouble early settlement england war broke puritan colonists indians tribe saw losing land fought worst indian wars nearly killed captured colonists end fighting retreated taking women children surrounded fort killed fort set fire perish flames took prisoner god victory christians rightly claim land held city pittsburgh stands today fort guarding valley ohio james kenny trading post traded indians white settlers diary things wrote diary seneca indians seneca treated fairly bring furs buckskin post late ask stay night say foolish let indians houses say wrong indians live peace treated fair thieves watched white land fight
ferry stagecoach dr hamilton travels york philadelphia enters pennsylvania land gently rolling hills broad valleys farms larger england wheat major crop large farms middle colonies produce food need wheat flour oats corn shipped england west indies sale call middle colonies breadbasket dr hamilton finds philadelphia largest city colonies twenty thousand find large philadelphia today doctor finds philadelphia prosperous city wide streets large brick buildings stately homes wealthy merchants live craftsmen philadelphia york nations english largest number parts germany pennsylvania indentured servants indentured servants women brought america cost return agree pay voyage poor servants pay wanted find started country saving money buy land indenture philadelphia dr hamilton meets benjamin franklin
ship stopped liverpool england boarded america irish packed tightly person turn father angry conditions complained ship officer voyage hard food managed money pay ship passage practically left food sick died journey irish met poorer germans family named sullivan talk schoolteacher town speak english english talk sullivans irish speech english knew sullivans irish board poor peasants terrible starving times country depended potato crop failed lost bad weather caused poor harvests disease struck potatoes past thousands starving death pay rent land landlords forced leave told conditions bad germany bad germans board farmers addition carpenters shoemakers skilled workers
america unwillingly black bought africa slaves slavery existed countries human history united states begun belief equal slavery exist country congress tried slavery law passed saying slaves brought country law obeyed slave trading continued slavery important south half slaves worked growing cotton cotton crop thirds goods united states countries fact cotton important crop land south cotton king newspaper richmond virginia declared south depends slavery negroes set free suffer think government understand congress pass law slave trade legal senator kentucky stated south believed slavery evil masters kind slaves slaves happy country special class hard slavery class businessman georgia wrote journal north small noisy group abolitionists want slavery
abraham lincoln won election hoped nation hold told south hands dissatisfied countrymen mine momentous issue civil war lincoln victory announced southern states left union later joined eleven states formed government called confederate states america confederacy confederacy thought thing arguments prove reasons give leaving union declaration south carolina wrote philadelphia states states agreed constitution union partnership states northern states lived part partnership slaves property property protected constitution north acted prevent keeping property helped slaves run told slaves revolt owners north elected president lincoln represents north nation slavery end government plans wage war slavery wiped longer protected constitution independence danger protect government declare union states ended
roosevelt charge navy department trouble spain broke didn want sit desk war gave position organized army unit called rough riders cowboys roosevelt took part cuban fighting enjoyed president roosevelt wanted expand power united states plan build canal narrow part central america canal united states navy move easily atlantic pacific oceans big problem place build canal panama narrow area belonging south american country colombia roosevelt offered buy panama government refused roosevelt learned panama planning revolt colombia encouraged revolution navy area colombia accept panama independence dare attack united states warships canal took ten build today amazing achievement amazing clumsy machinery early canal achievements american technology showed united states latin america roosevelt found reasons united states power revolt cuba
franklin roosevelt president felt united states seek relations latin american countries past united states send military forces neighboring countries roosevelt worked hard program called neighbor policy goal show latin american countries treated equals later presidents tried build roosevelt ideas president kennedy started program give money technological aid latin america efforts helped latin americans look united states suspicion feel american military american businesses power countries visitors latin america signs say yankee home distrust remains feelings getting latin american governments control businesses countries gain benefits american technology danger losing independence think ways americans create spirit friendship equality latin american peoples nations learn help solve problems faced planet earth meeting held south american city nations asked send delegates meeting oceans sort problems brought persons countries
maria sat front steps looked street put head hands friends pablo sat word pablo tossed stick crack sidewalk school catch maria brother roberto ran street wrong maria pablo didn look school play maria roberto asked maria pablo thought hard play baseball maria looked ball brother hand yelled pablo play roberto find play lot corner maria shop spot playing maria pablo roberto look lot play pablo look boxes cans pick maria lopez looking shop window saw children lot think asked mrs lopez lopez shop children told play
sound movement kind movement observe ruler moved sound moved swung fro observe rubber band moved sound swung wish movement slow motion chain rubber bands loop end doorknob stretch chain pluck move fro slowly fro movement makes sound scientists kind movement call vibration rubber band vibrates makes sound ruler vibrates makes sound guitar string vibrates makes sound hear sound vibrating moving vibrates makes sound hear trumpet lips trumpet player vibrate makes air trumpet vibrate metal trumpet vibrates mean hear sound vibrating try wave hand slowly ear hear sound wave hand fast hear soft sound things vibrate making sound hear
drummer hits drum sound waves travel air cricket chirps sound waves travel air stretched rubber band plucked sound waves travel air happens air sound wave passes air molecules molecules tiny bits particles matter molecules small powerful kind microscope let imagine molecules air look tiny balls happens rubber band vibrates rubber band swings side begins vibrating pushes molecules side molecules crowded push molecules red arrow shows molecules crowded push travels molecule molecule travels vibration started molecule passes energy molecule rubber band swings molecules spread pushed spreading movement travels molecules white arrow shows molecules spread movement passed molecule molecule energy vibrating rubber band passed air molecule molecule movement energy molecule molecule sound wave
takes wall shout echo heard wall say hello wall won hear echo won shout hello let echo valley moment shout hello takes seconds hear echo takes sound waves travel mountain bounce takes sound travel mountain takes sound travel course think batter hear bat hitting ball happen takes sound waves travel investigations scientists measured speed sound measure speed sound scientists metric system metric system easy country english system metric system measure length system girl student canada slinky meter stick measure sound waves meters measure length distance scientists found sound travels meters feet air
hard imagine thing suppose concept ball saw kind ball seen saw ball find concept brings relates lot things alike concept shows likenesses basket balls ways ways alike concept basket put things alike ways basket concept collect place mind things alike basket concept makes things easier carry mind concept imagine meet leash animal seen say kind dog owner replies say dog deal strange animal dogs general help understand concept dog helps concept shows likenesses things concepts bring relate things scattered mind concepts help understand things strange
happens molecules water vapor pushed air liquid water side cold shiny happens squeeze sponge full water squeezed sponge hold water water comes think cooled air sponge squeezed air cooled water vapor air comes turns liquid water water vapor liquid water say water vapor condenses water vapor air cold shiny condenses condensed side making layer water seen water vapor condensing breathe chalkboard page water vapor breath condenses board chalkboard cooler warm air breathe warm air touches chalkboard air cooled water vapor condenses chalkboard water air water evaporation condensation wet finger hold move air happens wet finger finger dries course water evaporates water molecules fly air water vapor happening observe finger cool
happening glass chamber investigation happening certainly beginning investigation upper glass clear water collects glass water traveling bottom top chamber water bottom top glass chamber bottom water evaporating heat water molecules flying water air water water vapor soon air chamber full water vapor top chamber water vapor condensing water vapor turning tiny droplets water sides glass making glass cloudy air top cooler air bottom nearer heat water vapor top condenses forms tiny droplets cloud real cloud air cooler rises glass chamber air cooler loses heat cooler part glass real cloud model cloud things happen air water vapor rises cools water vapor condenses droplets real cloud droplets gather bits dust air glass chamber droplets gather glass
think moment important oxygen oxygen burning place matches light fires cooking heating burn coal oil gas wood gasoline car school bus burn cars buses run oxygen important building blocks oxygen combines substances build compounds substances burn oxygen combines carbon makes carbon dioxide oxygen combines iron makes iron oxide oxygen combines hydrogen makes compounds water hydrogen peroxide oxygen combines thousands substances build compounds doubt oxygen important lot important substance earth oxygen air oxygen waters earth oxygen rocks soil earth sandstone mainly silicon oxygen course important oxygen living things oxygen oxygen breathe air breathe send kind air took course air breathe water vapor air breathe breathe air oxygen
crab crawling bottom sea ocean water moving bottom atmosphere ocean air crab water live air water air live important stuff breathe air mixture gases molecules elements compounds molecules air elements molecules kind atom oxygen element air molecules air compounds atoms carbon dioxide compound air air mixture elements compounds element air important oxygen oxygen air breathe bodies bodies food eat combined oxygen breathe result energy energy keeps alive food bodies food oxygen oxygen important ways fuels coal gasoline oil burn oxygen oxygen give energy thing clear important substance oxygen rate oxygen ago oxygen air ways
put bare foot sidewalk hot found sidewalk hot burn foot sidewalk heated sun course bare rock hot heated sun helps break rock let remember investigation heat bottle balloon neck bottle bigger balloon bigger air bottle expands heated air bottle cools air takes space contracts air contracts balloon smaller air expands heated contracts cooled liquid place thermometer warm water happens liquid inside thermometer place thermometer cold water predict happen liquid liquid expands heated liquid tube rises expands inside tube thermometer put cooler place liquid cooler contracts liquid contracts goes tube substances expand heated contract cooled water bit seen water contracts cools close freezing freezes expands saw investigation page true substances true rocks
begin green plants kind sugar called glucose glucose plants change kinds sugar instance sugar cane plant makes glucose glucose sucrose table sugar comes fruits apples oranges sugar sugars changed starches plants store starch potato starch stored potato plant underground stem sugars starches carbohydrates compounds carbon hydrogen oxygen sugars plants changed ways sugars changed fats fats carbon hydrogen oxygen atoms sugars number atoms combined green plant shifts atoms making fats sugars green plants add atoms sugars plant start sugar substances call proteins proteins atoms nitrogen combined carbon hydrogen oxygen atoms sugars starches fats proteins important substances sugars starches fats proteins important answer sugars starches fats proteins foods told important foods remember foods needed foods needed living thing green plant kind food factory
dead tree overgrown mosses ferns growing growing bark helping break tree fungi tree bark lift piece bark insects scurry slugs hidden beneath bark feeding tree snails push tree strength ground crumbling powder powder hard wood wood breaking say wood decaying decaying wood making soil richer wood decays mixed soil part soil wood part humus soil humus bits decayed plants animals substances tree took soil returned soil plain thousands plants animals depending dead oak tree billions billions plants living tree plants decay bacteria tiny plants chlorophyll decay bacteria main plants feed tree decay remember plants chlorophyll able food seen powerful microscope decay bacteria soil look
scientist studies environments living things adapted environments called ecologist ecologists environment plant animal suppose told ecologist seen healthy white oak describe environment white oak grown seen ecologists learned white oak tree lives environment soil holds amount water learned sumac lives drier soil soil dry soil desert learned cactus live dry deserts southwestern united states ecologist predict future white oak seedlings sumac seedlings ecologist knows white oak seedling moist soil stream environment adapted environment decaying tree adding humus soil humus soil holds water sunlight reach white oak seedling oak stood sunny hillside white oak seedling receives plenty sunlight soil humus rich soil hold water sumac adapted environment adapted dry soil seedling sumac grow hill seedling white oak grow hill living thing lives grows environment adapted
turn study water environments find strange find turning study environments sit eyes look marks page brain recognizes marks words makes sense heart beating pumping blood oxygen food parts body lungs taking air thinking muscles hands turn page clearly parts body working parts body interdependent depend carrying words body system parts interdependent heart brain lungs parts let look simple system acts surroundings change word surroundings environment recall meaning environment environment means things means physical environment air water sunlight means living environment plants animals human environment means cultural environment houses language books automobiles ways living let look physical environment let simple system physical environment
woods trees green leaves trees growing rich soil plentiful sunlight ferns small plants growing shade trees clouds sky look bring rain woodpecker feeding insects wood trees sharp beak plays rat tat tat digs wood parts ecosystem substances soil air tree build wood leaves energy light sunlight green leaves put carbon dioxide water sugars tree sugars making starches fats proteins foods food insects insects food woodpecker food chain larger animals food tree makes spread forest living things alive beautiful system living things plants animals depend environment things need live ecosystem plants animals interdependent environment remove plants animals living remove kind animal food chain kind animal feeds missing animal die
living thing adapted special environment mean environment stays living things adapted environments times lives think cycle chinook salmon adult chinook salmon adapted living ocean salmon lays eggs adapted fresh water stream eggs develop environment stream young salmon young salmon environment young fish goes ocean grows adult complete cycle migrates difficult journey stream born chinook salmon complete cycle migrates adapted environments times cycle powerful important concepts apply living thing concepts understand living thing living things reproduce kind living things adapted environment concept recall young salmon eats young salmon feeds water insects smaller animals stream lives smaller animals part young salmon environment remember young salmon risky animals larger young salmon feed
want say writing say clearly conversation gestures tone voice facial expressions help meaning clear writing words put write clearly arrange words sentences sentence arrangement words expresses complete thought begins capital letter ends punctuation mark kinds sentences declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory sentences named declarative sentences statements notice end ice frozen water ben singing tonight sentences read write declarative sentences declarative sentence ends period interrogative sentences ask questions interrogative sentence ends question mark ice frozen water rescued kitten imperative sentences command request things imperative sentence ends period eat broccoli exclamatory sentences express strong feeling strength exclamatory statement exclamation mark easy test disruptions end type sentence exclamatory want expressed special force compare sentence pair notice degrees feeling express guitar string broke guitar string broke leave immediately leave immediately kim kim
live filled sound listen moment hear classmate whispers assignment fabric rustles leg clock softly heart pounds sounds tell alive aware hear think ways say wasn listening huh say tuned minute wasn paying attention ear missed didn hear hear listen listening single important skill getting information spend listening class reading writing speaking fraction goes listening fact spend half listening carefully listen teacher explaining tune material difficult especially interesting ask questions understand let mind wander subjects sounds concentrate focus details tune discussions follow main points discussion tune discussions material uninteresting mind wanders subjects miss main point listening carefully takes practice naturally
skills acquire listener help effective speaker translate listening guidelines speaking skills clearly presented ideas easy follow try organize ideas speech discussion main ideas develop main idea details thoughts organized likely fill speech um uh er signal words finally help listener follow important ideas details discussion signal words help audience trouble concentrating understand hear try present ideas clearly visual aids charts illustrations talk clearer ask audience questions difficult words easier understand defined context sure explain vocabulary audience understand remember review review important points summary end talk speech discussion distractions concentration difficult movement part talk move wave hands distract audience natural body language saying important eye contact looking specific stand straight rigid smile
verbs express action tenses forms express kinds action sentences differ tillie flies kite tillie flying kite sentence left makes statement tillie hand sentence says forms flying called progressive forms refer actions progress progressive tense tenses progressive form express continuing action progressive formed combining helping verb present participle main verb present progressive sid resting past progressive sid resting future progressive sid resting present perfect progressive sid resting past perfect progressive sid resting hour arrived future perfect progressive sid resting hour arrive helping verb shows tense present progressive present tense future progressive future tense past perfect progressive past perfect tense progressive form create complicated sounding verb phrases resting times need progressive say exactly want say imagine want tell hard friend working
verbs express action action word predicate action sentences pitcher threw ball crowd watched batter pitcher threw crowd watched case receives action verb verb sends action named predicate called transitive verb threw watched sentences transitive verbs noun pronoun receives action transitive verb called object ball batter sentences objects transitive verb objects verbs sentences transitive kiley disappeared crowd watched silently kiley disappear crowd watch nouns receive action verbs sentences verb object called intransitive verb disappeared watched intransitive verbs sentences look sentences watched transitive verb crowd watched batter intransitive verb crowd watched silently watch verbs transitive intransitive verb sentence transitive verb joy draws fine caricatures joy draws felt tip pen determine verb ask verb answer verb transitive
shoe tried give complete picture suppose want shoe funny worn perfect shoe details points shoe lost writing description bulletin board details describe choose details suit purpose look difference descriptions building skyscraper sixty stories high faced panels mirror glass windows half inch thick tinted gray framed black aluminum top floor observatory view city building sliver glass mirrors color sky weather morning clear blue evening inside lights looks building light description simply factual information building guess writer description feels building suppose giving physical description person met bus station wanted show person lively sense humor sad choose details points
jamie put draft read tried put shoes reader knew constitution decided beginning dull needed reword spark reader interest start jamie find problems report asked mary beth listen double check told mary beth focus report read report aloud asked mary beth questions mind listened thing report report focus information fit report follow logical order learn topic person interviewed jamie finished reading mary beth told ship captain easy follow wrote constitution didn say sentence jamie true add facts ship age closer beginning things improve think parts don fit sentence captain hull interesting prove ship strong jamie agreed guess re thought matched ship
want research topic find answer question library find reference aids knowing reference aids kind information search effective encyclopedia volume set volumes thousands alphabetically arranged articles article general information areas subject article newspapers include facts news gathered prepared newspaper office organized newspapers printed advertising newspapers history newspapers country encyclopedia articles divided headings subheadings scanning headings locate specific information quickly wanted newspaper published america read material heading history newspapers encyclopedia articles cross references help locate additional related information section titled newspaper library find cross reference microfilm looking article microfilm find microfilm prepared advantages developed help find information set encyclopedias guide letters words numbers printed spines volumes index entries arranged alphabetical order contained volume encyclopedia
knew answers soon started test forgot enjoy tests part school part adult guarantee success test ways tests major keys successful test taking prepared common sense judgment begin preparing school tests soon courses begin preparation include review efficient study suggestions effective review review material daily class home reread notes try relationships week material regular review means learn night test understand important ideas related studying efficiently test means beginning study days advance suggestions studying read notes carefully summarize important summarize outline relevant chapters book answer questions end chapter book sure understand material ask teacher help early review quizzes assignments taking test think read directions carefully making sure understand question asks kind answer asked give
plot story action happens order happens plot string events involves problem conflict kind lifeboat survive missing bracelet found brad realize cares jocelyn dark horse win race plot raises question mind reader answers plot need exciting dramatic look plot summary young boy challenges father wrestle boy older continue wrestle occasionally living room floor night boy high school realizes challenges father fairly struggle boy pins father father laughs afterward says boy wait till won boy goes discovers tears running cheeks basic problem plot called conflict tense point action called climax point problem going solved working problem called resolution plot summary conflict physical emotional
point view look things interpretation hear involved incident describe rarely tell exactly story sees point view incident points view midnight suddenly woke pitch dark heard branch snap moving woods held breath dark shadow coming slowly corinne loud whisper answer shadow hear breathing reached punched corinne sleeping bag wasn heart began pound fumbled darkness flashlight dark shape moving closer closer leaped sleeping bag raced barn rounded corner crashed head fell thud heavy top corinne dark shape lifted huge head moaned middle night woke feeling hungry crawled sleeping bag quietly crept house cheese sandwiches poured glass milk walking grove carrying snack tearing barn
dialogue written conversation characters story stories written entirely dialogue setting action characters revealed characters talk marvin tell sure dark supposed bring lantern hey ben sound buzzer didn hear listen goes getting louder told shouldn let think characters setting action takes place speak feelings revealed tone voice facial expressions gestures speak slowly order show wrinkle nose disgust lift eyebrows surprise shrug shoulders impatience dialogue words reveal speaker feelings important show don play innocent talking kate asked looking bewildered ray clenched fists re told kate face paled cried hotly think minute give surprise ray looked puzzled didn think softly
space earth shape parts earth clouds air look water shape earth parts earth space space earth looks big blue ball move closer earth looks land mountains land mountains high mountains look hills hills mountains hills high mountains parts earth flat plain flat land plain mountains kind land high kind land flat land live space saw water water oceans oceans cover earth ocean large lives ocean space lakes lake smaller ocean lake land bigger lake ocean land lake ocean river stream water river moves high land ocean river starts high mountain runs mountain side river flows plain moves slowly river runs ocean
weather change place usual weather weather count usual weather called climate place hot summer winter cold need warm coats winter put coats summer picture shows place south pole snow stays ground place cold climate lives place sunny hot rain hot dry climate warm plenty rain falls place warm wet climate climate climate live earth parts earth called resources trees resource wood paper trees comes trees water resource water resources deep ground coal kind resource coal homes warm sun keeps earth warm heat sun resource sun keeps home warm resource resource tell resource need resources live important care cut trees plant trees
word sneeze cat means express complete thought complete thought expressed word put words cats sneeze arrangement words expresses complete thought sentence kinds thoughts kinds sentences kinds find paragraph able find school try locate homeroom school map maze corridors building don panic hardest paragraph types sentences declarative interrogative imperative exclamatory declarative sentence makes statement ends period declarative sentences common kind try locate homeroom map hardest interrogative sentence asks question interrogative sentence ends question mark able find imperative sentence order makes request imperative sentence ends period don panic imperative sentence makes request include word person addressed don panic wendell exclamatory sentence expresses strong feeling speak tone volume voice strong feeling write exclamation mark maze corridors building
think listening comes naturally hearing fact listening listen spurts thirty seconds listening minds wander naturally tune want hear fact listening listen ten times faster speak means train concentrate listen look listening inventory areas improve listening skills rules help listen effectively track hear word track reminds think think speaker saying understand ask questions reminds review mentally review heard understand ask questions reminds pay attention listen actively purpose mentally ask answer question actively pay attention main point discussed details main points reminds concentrate clear mind distractions focus point discussion reminds stay speaker let eyes ears wander sounds eyes speaker pay attention saying listen angry anger faces hear voices
find speaking groups harder talking person school home asked participate group discussions want refer checklist pages review speaking habits pay attention body language voice content words group especially important listener listener help feel welcome participate able follow discussion contribute ideas type discussion group committee committees discuss topic try plan activity leader appointed committee working smoothly leaders participants roles participant discussion follow guidelines express ideas clearly briefly stay subject don begin idea group ready ask thoughtful questions disagree politely interrupt speaking leader discussion follow guidelines topic discussion beginning meeting remain impartial treating sides fairly decide speaks want speak select person chance try call discussion topic try help committee reach decision summarize discussion end meeting participated panel discussion
ways senses heart pay attention heart order beat senses sight sound smell taste touch automatically regardless give thought senses busily drinking kinds information happens heart senses special effort aware concentrate moment heart thinking heart change concentrate senses focusing attention sense hearing notice clock ticking refrigerator humming clock refrigerator producing sounds sense hearing taking information unaware wake senses telling asks vacation say nice lots fun kind answer listener able picture clearly vacation words nice lots fun vague general want give description vacation think quick vague response shown disappoint listener write vacation choose words carefully
adam read description asked chosen details give sharp picture exact words description interesting lively adam decided needed draft wanted replace words dirty mess runs give reader general picture sharp saw kind give reader information revisions draft adam read description jill asked listen carefully try form mental picture person describing finished reading jill think pretty picture fact think pick crowd parts description didn fit read couple sentences adam read part description jill part say looks say sort messy looking things don fit meant adam pretty dirty looks guess clearer
complete predicate verb predicates need verb complete sentence dog barked dog buried buried sentence left complete word group leaves hanging dog bury additional words needed complete meaning sentence additional words called complements kinds complements required verbs look unfinished sentence kind word complete dog buried bone buried transitive verb pages transitive verbs require direct objects complete meaning direct object receives action verb direct object noun pronoun answers question verb dog bury bone bone noun direct object gary phoned assignment phoned checked notebook checked notebook verbs intransitive verb direct object transitive rick jay studying math intransitive rick jay hard sentence transitive verb math tells boys studying sentence hard tell boys studying hard tells studying verb studying object sentence sentences direct object shoe fit
report interview requires planning knock door say tell piloting need allow set interview appointment prepare list interview questions notes took chosen topic begin preparing questions ask interview questions worded simply directly questions topic selected important questions polite george put list questions interview truck driver tried write questions required yes answer effort list logical order interview report george eventually write flow sensibly job driving truck learn drive truck kinds things haul find hard job worst incident happened job truck drivers cb radios george topic george questions requires yes answer george arrange questions sensibly george interested truck driving knew took read articles library truck driving career
study skills include knowing locate information read facts remember read outlining study remember information outline organizes subject main topics subtopics details understanding ideas article book related help remember read article try identify main topics important things consider planning camping trip shelter shelter build spot short camping trip weather sleeping bag sure sleeping bag warm ground cloth air mattress add comfort trip longer days rain expected want tent kinds tents pup tents umbrella tents wall tents tent floor sewn help moisture insects small animals windows netting provide ventilation let light keeping insects tents canvas flies help dry heavy rainfall tents sleeping bags ground cloth build simple lean camping wooded area drive forked sticks feet high ground feet
information soon start test forget learned enjoy tests part tests school applying driver license applying job requires special skills applying college magic formula assure success test ways tests major keys success taking tests prepared common sense begin preparing tests school courses soon courses begin review material learn periodically review material studied reread notes try relate week material week material regular review means try learn night test begin prepare test days advance suggestions help prepare read notes carefully summarize outline relevant chapters book answer questions end chapter book sure understand material ask teacher help early review quizzes assignments taking test read directions carefully sure understand exactly asked pay close attention detail learn read questions critically
dialogue story conversation characters daily learn listening say say true characters story say reveal thoughts feelings personalities action moving seen play action takes place characters dialogue story final exam boy escape forest fire lying creek suddenly rattlesnake floating read dialogue story notice carries action boy quietly main thing move don jerk head don move cried voice shaking don don want asked terror rattling boy calmly rattles keratin stuff makes horns fingernails hair feathers stop angrily floating stream boy asked voice shaking boy voice stern quiet mister re trembling shaking water feel scare want stop shaking slow deep breaths
finished writing story sandor waited read pleased description inside cave thought beginning wrote beginning decided taped paper decided read story steven felt wanted thought steven think idea story description setting terrific description earthquake started didn happening characters didn bit lou grabbing pack trying put rock shelf real thanks sandor think reading busy wondering going happen steven ok maybe tell characters thought couple times places speaking sandor thanked steven look places add dialogue desk read story steven sandor added conversation details characters actions
words refer thing effect consider word rabbit rabbit defined small burrowing animal ears short furry tail soft fur think word bunny sort animal picture rabbit bunny refer exactly animal words produce images mind word spotted animal woods word animal drawn child birthday card worked synonyms learned words mean exactly thing differences meaning words found word dictionary differences react word compare sentences affectionate dog affectionate mutt dog mutt refer animals mutt mental picture exact meaning word definition find dictionary denotation word suggests addition exact meaning called connotation rabbit bunny denote thing lie connotations words positive connotations negative connotations think meanings sentences positive cousin famous lawyer negative cousin notorious lawyer neutral cousin known lawyer
dionisio cornfield lay pleasant valley southwestern part mexico especially favored nature earth warmer farm sun dionisio corn patch days felt warm bare feet wooden plow oxen plowed field sundown plowed earth warm nights cold dionisio found comfortable sleep ground hut dionisio saw appeared wisp smoke coming tiny crack ground supposed dry leaves soil caught fire shoveled fresh earth spot order put fire patted hand smoke dionisio puzzled days wisps smoke appeared earth warmer dionisio bare feet neighboring village san juan padre happened cornfield padre incredulous thought dionisio drinking imagined things farm days dionisio knelt padre told smoking cracks field smoke rising higher higher padre dionisio strange thing saw jets smoke spurting soil padre puzzled uneasy dionisio pray
killed volcano homes farms numberless trees destroyed ashes lava region tree bush blade grass alive miles volcano fertile valley lovely pine trees filled forest natives gathered turpentine trees stand black lifeless wind spreads thick blanket ashes vegetation withers dies water scarce springs dry birds drop dead skies volcano beginning cattle faraway villages thinner thinner lack green grass eat village paricutin practically obliterated cover sand ash volcanic debris lava flows issue vents mountain paricutin months cone natives called fellow opened side violently active sending liquid lava bombs fragmentary materials built semicircular cone feet high side paricutin soon main crater active finally entirely quiet escape steam gas january group daring young mexican explorers descended main crater remained seconds number photograph smoky pit mexican newspaper climbers ventured rim crater parasite died january orifice sealed walk perfect safety
known volcano opening earth hot materials deep surface materials coming vent crater top build shape mountain case volcano large vent summit openings sides mound volcanic eruptions place crack fissure steam heated materials escape row openings crack size volcanoes earth today range small cones larger haystack highest mountains globe hundreds mountains stand face earth built hot materials thrown interior millions ago built historical times early periods earth history human beings existed volcanoes plentiful exceedingly violent judging volcanic mountains fields lava spread parts earth ages played important part shaping surface earth water volcanoes going hundreds active force makes break path send surface parts earth interior question puzzled minds minds capable wondering interesting primitive thought terrifying behavior volcanoes doubt fitted ideas religion gods worshiped responsible
lava breaks sides volcano crater fragmentary materials ejected opening cone formed side main volcano cones kind called parasitic cones lateral cones case paricutin parasitic cone called fellow mt etna rises feet eruptions lateral side cracks halfway mountain side flanks mt etna dotted cones kind rise considerable height volcanoes built mainly entirely piling lava flows central vent cover area proportion height sharp points summit top resemble inverted plate shield called shield volcanoes built flows highly fluid lavas spread wide making thin nearly horizontal sheets volcanoes hawaiian islands type mauna loa sloping dome feet water magnificent shield volcano shield volcanoes vent appears fairly high spot lava builds opening kind lava dome curving sides opening majority volcanoes including largest volcanoes shape intermediate form cinder cone shield volcano built kinds volcanic activity fall products opening violent explosions discharge lava flows erupt quietly
american hemisphere volcanoes continents loftiest volcanic mountains andes south america active extinct kind volcanic rock called characteristic occurrence andes central america rich volcanoes especially republics el salvador guatemala mexico lie band stretching southern part country west east paricutin line active volcano united states lassen peak california extinct west mississippi valley evidences ancient geologic times volcanic activity place alaska islands coast alaska fourteen active volcanoes peninsula fifty active recently extinct japan fujiyama famous philippines zealand hawaiian archipelago fifteen large volcanoes mauna loa kilauea active java fifty volcanic mountains active dormant extinct straits uninhabited island represents part basal wreck volcano gigantic size chain volcanoes runs sumatra indian ocean iceland important atlantic centers twenty twenty volcanoes eruption history began lava flows fissure eruptions important volcanic region west indies vesuvius active volcano mainland europe mediterranean sea etna coast sicily islands
picture shows part hardened stream lava flowed extinct volcano feet high south villa suburbs mexico city covers square miles varies twenty fifty feet deep according shape land flowed lava flow took place remote period memory scientists dated ago interesting thing stream dark frozen stone lies beneath recent known lava covered indian villages buried deeply securely known burial history left enormous tombstone undisturbed thousands important discovery fact sides lava stream quarry basalt needed building highways mexico hundred feet original front lava flow quarry rock blasted dynamite removed purpose dynamite broke ancient sepulchre revealed human skeletons pieces handmade pottery belonged oldest culture american soil easy imagine excitement archaeologists students early history gift dynamite known studies pottery figures found archaeologists paleontologists dated belonging archaic oldest historical level america inhabitants evidence
method measuring power devised james watt mistakenly called inventor steam engine seeking customers improved steam engine needed unit measurement explain days horses generally provided motive power pumps grain mills watt decided power horse standard calculated performing task horse walked circle feet diameter times minute estimated horse pressed harness force pounds foot pounds minute foot pounds watt called figure horsepower today rate potential steam engines large family internal combustion engines power sort electrical measured common term watt oddly unit electrical measurement named james watt electrical research watt equal joule unit energy kilowatt equal watts kilowatt hour kwh represents hour device power kilowatt scientists learned things energy important energy created destroyed form changed physics known law conservation energy law thermodynamics lump coal form energy burned converted heat thermal energy form
eventful significant chapters story energy power written nineteenth century period progress fields outstanding development energy power field emergence form energy electricity beginning electricity suddenly exciting area study century ended basic knowledge acquired applied practical benefit mankind earliest electrical research uncovering knowledge nature form energy danish physicist hans christian oersted found magnetic field wire electrical current passing opened area research continuing direction pioneered oersted french scientist francois discovered principle creation magnetism rotation invent electromagnet fundamental facts light german physicist georg simon ohm known discovery relationship intensity unchanging electrical current resistance circuit eventually known ohm law unit measure electrical resistance ohm named german physicist electrical knowledge substantially increased eminent english chemist physicist sir michael faraday devoted scientific interests october faraday tinkering laboratory bar magnet coil wire wound paper cylinder galvanometer discovery known law electromagnetic induction chance faraday inserted bar magnet center coil
otto engine gasoline derivative petroleum coming successful development internal combustion engine meant steam engine power field pretty watt era rival passed otto engine competitor number advantages lower horsepower range smaller steam engine thing compact deal mobility performing tasks simple operate easy maintain decades gained wide acceptance important subsequent application powering motor car result creation otto engine correctly series results invention family types internal combustion engines outstanding diesel engine required complicated ignition system starting operate inexpensive kind fuel oil found widespread application industrial transportation fields wars unfortunately stimulating scientific technical advances human activity vivid occurred war ii remarkable advances science energy power successful release control atomic energy scientists lands responsible fundamental research astonishing achievement based completed outbreak war ii gigantic conflict small army scientists engineers working intense pressure closest secrecy united states achieved technical control form energy
sunlight sun heat energizes solar battery cells typical sandwich type solar cell consists light sensitive materials called semiconductors arranged layers semiconductor substance called fair ability conduct electricity layer type semiconductor movable holes positive charges layer type semiconductor movable electrons negative charges sandwiched layers junction barrier sunlight strikes cell electrons freed layer eventually flow positive electrode join positive holes charges junction prevents union electrons holes forcing electrons roundabout route wire generate electric current solar battery cells operate efficiency cent improvements brought spacecraft solar batteries operating efficiency ranging percent solar batteries widely auxiliary power sources space perform earth bound tasks mainly communications earliest successful solar batteries built bell telephone laboratories contained disk silicon cells generate watts demonstrate practical application battery power section rural telephone line georgia solar batteries employed japan power radio transmitter equipment lighthouses solar cells expensive mainly delicacy purity crystals required semiconductors extremely thin pure crystals silicon germanium precise amounts impurity arsenic boron added
operate water pump shafts gears mill connected mechanism pump activated wind struck vanes turned windmills parts europe holland enjoyed extensive important application proved especially invaluable agriculture provided mechanical power operate pumps sea flooding low lying farmlands turret top windmills built holland farmers employ muscle power change position turret mid scottish inventor eliminated manual chore attaching smaller windmill called fly angles main fly geared wind blew small vanes vanes larger mill automatically pointed wind european countries windmills built look sea vanes shaped triangular sails similar boat type common greece portugal windmills migrated america colonists familiar landmarks atlantic coast massachusetts virginia post stationary types erected post windmill popular slightly complicated build floors upper millstones main shaft vanes fixed lower floor occupied machinery screening sacking ground meal flour restored post windmill grind grain seen colonial williamsburg virginia windmills symbols colonial past remain standing eastern island
interesting note early types waterwheels achieved importance despite limitations thing localities moving current water amount power generate exceedingly small sufficient simple industrial chores put grinding grain european industry grew size complexity types waterwheels provide adequate power running machinery consequence engineers continued seek ways extracting power water energy blossoming scientific technological activity europe seventeenth eighteenth nineteenth centuries keen minds studying physical golden age greeks scientists probing variety fields mechanics electricity chemistry store human knowledge grew leaps bounds sought knowledge solely sake engineers inventors tried apply scientific technical information practical end hands group waterwheel eventually experienced radical transformation eighteenth century engineers realize power water energy entirely type waterwheel created efforts improve simple overshot undershot wheels met failure clue solving problem contributed genius renaissance leonardo da drew design horizontal impulse wheel wheel equipped curved vanes horizontal position revolved stream water spouting jet
creation storage blood plasma beneficial inventions discoveries easy distinguish produced war saving transfusions practicable proposition blood banks built established areas likely needed fighting line towns cities today normal feature hospital routine modern ambulances carry supply plasma apparatus emergency development demands created terrible war invention derived directly needs imposed war talkie radio invaluable keeping units patrol touch commanding officers subordinates field spread police forces groups fire fighters traffic patrols superseded fashioned megaphone circumstances scattered units need constant touch headquarters war broke authorities remembered desperate menace boats earlier war nearly brought england knees roving submarine course stay effective found repetition disaster greater scale echo sounding device fitted escort ships enable detect means sound waves approach enemy submarines distance course echo sounder countless ships peaceful purposes
craft designed built decades century degree air skin claimed relied contact water propulsion propeller turn water deep produce real thrust air cushion thin film water hull exception rule experimenting shortly war finnish engineer evolved vehicle travel ice water country ice permanent feature called approach clearly propeller functioned water craft travel ice smashed pieces completed revolution turned attention type propeller vehicle designed constructed ten feet feet beam powered motor looked unlike teatray humped middle sort curved shell pilot crouched controls resembled slightly small wheeled cars occasionally seen roads wheels equipped flared skids true air cushion shape small horsepower engine inventor succeeded driving brisk twelve knots water ice alike speed competent cyclist shape dishlike hull enabled transfer water ice difference height measured inches
cars climbed ladder development sequence marks ii iii iv later marks sr modifications based experience gained prototype mark iv equipped bristol viper jet turbine engine lift propulsion separately produced result substantial increase lift speed nearly times greater earlier version early sr nearly length predecessor feet beam feet greater proportionately slimmer weighed tons powered bristol nimbus gas turbine engines developing shaft horse power engines drove foot lift fans drove foot mounted degrees give directional control proved immediately powerful efficient predecessor carry passengers fitted skirt designed line defense escape compressed air basically contained jet proved remarkable performance surpassing sr based tested hard short launched clocked hours operating airplanes operating tends measured hours miles covered fully loaded attained held speed knots
liberty bell survived ugly duckling childhood joyously ring celebration july signing declaration independence philadelphia house fresh casting mold bell broke clanged attempt brought bell sounded frog croaking bell clanging bell laughingstock philadelphia tried finally bell today liberty bell healthy cracked metal expert diagnosed liberty bell illness malignancy molecules bell suffering distemper bell scores ideas fixing crack close independence hall superintendent anderson crack remain forever symbol freedom united states ill health worst bell problems sound bell noise pollution sort bell barely escaped melted bullets cannonballs later wanted bell put auction happened sold junkman later changed mind worth hauling traveling united states bell philadelphia worse shape left later radicals plotted blow bell pieces unwanted unloved happen bell casting pot business making bells today occupies home especially built celebration america bicentennial
president jefferson succeeded adams think house design rejected jefferson place big emperors pope grand lama named english born architect benjamin henry finish construction charge capital building job united states designed notable buildings philadelphia richmond offered professional opinion house north side undistinguished south side ill proportioned ceiling smell open sewer pleasant prologue visit president war finished twenty rooms later evening august british stormed washington mansion president james madison morning walls standing president house symbolic meaning america fire minimized washington city gazette destruction president house loss point view hope put end drawing rooms levees resort idle spies traitors madison rehired rebuild house president lived nearby reconstruction legend says white house originated workers painted smoke blackened walls white british order burn building specifically referred white house knows originated white traditional houses style copied
nation capitol building shape despite fallen arches fires explosions swaying dome succession temperamental builders sidewalk superintended presidents congressmen looking shoulders telling job feel ideas amateur architect designed capitol building site geographical center washington chosen pierre charles laid city hill site powhatan indian camp pedestal waiting monument march secretary thomas jefferson newspaper advertisements contests select designs capitol white house capitol fifteen rooms including representatives hall holding hundred smaller senate room winner hundred dollars gold medal judges president george washington district columbia commissioners jefferson contest drew sixteen entries designs included circus parade animals eagles roof showed dome topped huge rooster flapping wings entry stephen hallet thirty french born architect close winning judges asked try months contest ended dr william thornton thirty learned permission submit design thornton physician practicing medicine apparently interests dr thornton hobby entering contests won prize design contest philadelphia library horse racing interest winnings ownership fastest stables thoroughbreds country
ibo numerous group west africans living original homelands estimated population million ibo pronounced ee ibo add slight sound pronounce eeg hundreds ibo villages homesteads dozen large towns located southeastern nigeria niger river west cross river east iboland stretches hot swampy delta region niger river gulf guinea includes swamps rain forest north farther north town dry upland grasslands rivers iboland addition niger cross imo qua ibo began yam kind large potato farmers oil palm estimated grew millions densest populations africa days annual yam harvests ibo knew hunger need learned grow crops supplement farm income trade began migrate north successful learned ibo european american scholars lived villages towns studied ways religion art music educated women written excellent books stories writers reporters tell ancient ways ibo today british began trade ibo ago schooled ibo learned write excellent english europeans americans native language english
ibo say raises yams harvest yams stored special houses outskirts villages compound tries yam harvest left trading planting oil palm important product ibo guinea coast staple food plants taro starchy roots grows round tropics originated east asia american plants including sweet potatoes tomatoes pumpkins squash pineapples peppers maize corn cassava manioc reached iboland american slave traders cassava importance yams ibo diet addition ibo grow tropical fruits mangoes oranges peaches bananas plantains mealy banana raise palm nuts kola nuts coconuts peanuts ibo call ground nuts game rain forest leopard antelope duiker dwarfed antelope buffalo monkey ibo consider rodents wild game hunt eat hunting important ibo occupation fish rivers nets basket traps spears ibo livelihood days land head household number wives children slaves worked fields palm groves son inherited land father father daughter inherit land mother mother ibo relatives father mother kinsmen father head household compound piece land newly married son
boy thrown total strangers carries mat personal things boys house sibling age played early childhood moves relatives playmates ibo african count age exactly differences group boys sharing house considered age group age mates living sharing growing problems learning customs playing games working community ties youngsters group lasts lifetime continue live village homestead bring wives raise children relationship reaches age closer cronies watch members age set die fewer fewer remain young boys learn behavior expected age set watching older age mates act ibo grandson vividly father grandfather received calling age set enters low doorway hand resting knee bends low body forward grandfather seated mat wall says teasingly loud voice coming house heard say died markets ago laughs continues waiting mushrooms sprout head guest breath reply goatskin rug carries arm sits
march call bc julius caesar dictatorship scorning notice warnings strides chamber senate amid applause meet false hands friendship thousand later young english king edward martyr met hands concealed dagger caesar king brutus cassius believed king killed rome fought rid kings title sounded ominous ears treacherous unhelpful deed roman empire born accurately roman republic died welter blood confusion events put train lead founding roman empire arrived worse confusion decline rome empire founded history hundred history present rome rescued chaos largely due fortitude political skill wisdom delicate youth eighteen romans knew octavian later emperor caesar augustus octavian task restoring rome law order authority difficult large small difficult introduce quiet discipline overturned ants nest excited
rugged simplicity roman remain city rome grew capital farmer capital empire directly rome took step unforeseen surprising deciding fate peoples land peninsula call italy change character end wars carthage begin change effect respects happy sight war hannibal led wars need put princes temerity league general wars greece macedonia east syria carthage razed ground ancient beautiful greek city corinth received treatment art treasures going enrich homes rome factor rich growing richer rome formation republic stern farmers republic rich adventurers adventurers naturally popular home wars abroad matched wars famous brothers took common plebs assassinated pains urban population grown underemployed discontented think controlling mass buying began grow policy free grain free entertainment known provision bread circuses grown standing army paid army opposed feudal volunteer army citizen served civilian affairs harvest
britain judea affairs quiet countries shakespeare growing powerful friendly disposed herod native king biblical tradition killer babies killer sons loyally holding local celebrations honor augustus son herod unaware trouble eventually arise son unknown carpenter village galilee augustus die tired ways disappointed disillusioned rightly aware roman mourning asked deathbed acted comedy spectacle pleased applaud octavian alias augustus strange easily likable easily understood undoubtedly rome applaud waited happen follow emperors modern psychologists consider advanced pathological cases scandal story written characters history exception queen elizabeth england aforementioned anthony cleopatra scandal doubt true story combined unfamiliar words look dictionary describe romans buffoon fourth highly dangerous dilettante
mesopotamia land rivers desert today grows yellow earth deposited euphrates tigris immemorial miserable vegetation sprouts rains fallen burned cinder sun summer months clouds sand drift lazily plains rarely camel caravan painfully makes sun sinks horizon afterglow faded jackals start howl wilderness landmarks huge shapeless mounds looming eerily night standing desolate abandoned reigns death thriving communities land rivers thousands built fine cities splendid temples palaces mounds rubble bedouin call tells mighty edifices vanished tells taking carvings statues precious vessels jewelry royal thrones wind rain gnawed stout walls columns mud brick days kings gardens paradise reverted desert fabulous cities crumbled heaps debris overnight hundred archaeologists coming region explore mounds amazing discoveries roused increasing admiration today thanks built antique cities names ancient royal capitals known uruk lay hidden thousands hill arabs call warka winter team german archaeologists discovered remains wall built death alexander
instructions british museum remove absolutely essential lifting carvings sculptures trenches filled totally destroyed number trophies enormous keepers gates gigantic stone figures shaped winged lions bulls human heads reliefs scenes fighting hunting vessels vases ivory carvings bronze implements weapons inscriptions november returning mound visit camp friendly sheikh named abd ur arabs riding full gallop afar hasten found stone head peering ground seen eyes mound swarming arabs dismounted stepped newly opened trench asked present custom exceptional find workmen pulled makeshift screen reveal colossal alabaster head face perfectly preserved head cap horns sheikh abd ur heard news galloping half tribe sight head exclaimed hands infidel giants higher date trees idols noah cursed flood gazed huge stone image fascinated horror sheep slaughtered musicians summoned feast held abd ur memorable speech god god
tablets discovered nineveh virtually pages dictionaries find dared dream opposite babylonian assyrian words stood sumerian significant contribution led final success order prove cuneiform positively achieved essentials scholars invited independent translations newly discovered text translations royal asiatic society london sealed envelopes solemn session covers opened seen versions corresponded important points case proved seventeen named george smith working london skillful chosen prepare engravings tablets illustrate book assyrian cuneiform smith humble home parents afford give schooling initiative studied bible books east lay hands spent hours british museum attracted attention suggestion appointed museum staff age twenty smith task tedious sorting fragments tablets discovered mound london crates baskets help piece undertaking virtually hopeless sharper eyes smith
fifteen minutes calling husband office tell happening mrs walker township community hospital terry pale biting lips mounting pain terry quickly changed white gown put bed lying bed looks sees person standing nurse checks temperature marks chart laboratory technician draws sample blood bend elbow hurries test tubes microscope examine nurse aide helps wash surgeon called dr talks pain checks pulse fever presses abdomen gentle fingers technician returns results blood test meantime terry father arrived office parents listen surgeon explains signs symptoms sharp increase number white corpuscles blood sample point inflamed appendix doctor says removed immediately mrs walker nod agreement orderlies lift terry wheels hissing polished corridor floors whisk operating room surgeon walks adjacent locker room dresses scrub suit green trousers shirt cap fits small gauze mask mouth nose securing place strings join head exchanges street shoes surgical shoes carry germs operating room
middle ages study corpses denied physicians religious belief held open dead person remove organs constituted creator works doctor wished study interior body forced secret hire thugs steal cadavers doctors needed heart operated actually functioning thing listened pumping making lubb sound healthy patient stranger noises patient ill listened simplest manner placing ear directly patient chest point high breastbone system worked fairly enable physicians begin identifying general sounds heart makes struck diseases simply precise body noises confused physician ear problem dr rene encountered spring frail dr physician chief hospital paris angry troubled patients lay desperately ill face pale perspiring breathing heavy agonized dr spent career studying diseases chest interest part springing fact suffered tuberculosis childhood positive patient suffering heart disorder sure
needed thermometer react body heat rey met need simple manner constructed glass tube customary bulb end usual opening opposite end tube poured water making fill completely held partially filled tube small flame water expanded tube reached opening top moment rey sealed opening leaving water inside water dropped original level cooled free air water affected atmosphere rise fall increase decrease body heat improvements liquids sensitive heat alcohol later mercury ability record temperatures tenths degrees replaced water measuring fluid size reduced glass tubes began resemble today clinical thermometers bear striking similarity modern models appeared florence italy mid seventeenth century sealed glass tubes temperature gradations permanently marked outer walls gradation tiny enameled bead regardless improvements clinical thermometer proved troublesome instrument century begin despite smaller size clumsy thing glass bulb remained large breathing difficult patient held mouth glass tube carried easily doctors constantly breaking pockets beds bedside tables
landing spaniards unopposed soon army began advance surrounded warriors spears arrows stones filled air spaniards steel armor protected soon halted sheer mass indians ahead pizarro wish full scale battle ordered company retreat withdrawal turned rout comic accident spanish chroniclers say pizarro finding difficult reach boats cavaliers fell saddle indians seen horse astonished sight creature breaking living parts drew left open sea aboard ship pizarro called council war almagro leaders confronted disgruntled soldiers provided strange contrast taller impressive francisco pizarro lean stern lined face graying hair pointed beard knew prudent discerning temperate appetite gold question demanded partner diego de almagro hand easygoing lighthearted short noticeable gaudy clothes favored unlike pizarro eloquent times almagro frequently difficulty expressing face disfigured loss eye body carried scars innumerable heroic campaigns hasty passionate action fighting ranks understanding soldiers
barren island pizarro knew activity required raise companions spirits immediately set building rough craft cross small uninhabited island north afraid natives gallo return saw ships sail location inviting preferable lush forests provided spaniards wood plenty game hare pheasant pot adventurers tormented poisonous insects drenching rains knowing idleness lead despair pizarro wisely devised routine occupy companions started prayers festivals church observed emphasis protection afforded heaven object convert heathen despite fact sailed conquer peru adventurers lowest sort touched nobler sentiments deeply religious intermixed greed gold cruelty remained touch crusading spirit believed conquering lands assigned king pope god quest fathers driven moors spain preceding century months passed tediously sail breaking horizon spite pizarro efforts despondent hope known happening panama furious pizarro defiance orders governor declared thirteen deliberately thrown lives concerned responsibility ended
remarkable empire starved unable farm sick talents required perform provided strong destined low station cultivate fields proper apportionment food sets storehouses erected points empire produce fields produce sacred fields portion parceled need engaged husbandry bad harvest royal storehouses opened inca subject suffered crop failure harvest abundant storehouses overflowing excess divided entire population andean region main crop white potato grown sheltered mountain valleys high fourteen thousand feet sea level terraces built slopes provide fullest smallest areas level land terraces retaining walls stone today maize corn staple food farther mountains warmer regions variety crops cultivated kinds beans tomatoes peanuts manioc sweet potatoes highly developed irrigation system brought water fields mountain terrace low lying ground inca subjects began early age married age twenty supervision inca official paired chosen mates able liable fight part tax build roads storehouses fortresses emperor
city washington block pennsylvania avenue house residence president united states looks plain compared residences heads nations small buckingham palace queen england lives palace emperor austria hungary live larger palace versailles king france lived times larger residence call white house official executive mansion palace true sense rooms merely rebuild interior ago stood unsafe cost nearly million dollars houses family assistants president secretaries clerks stenographers typists messengers guards domestic servants employed full part plainly ordinary city house makes palace residence ruler word loosely calling fine large building palace exact strictly speaking palace house lawful power king emperor head political religious authority say bishop london lives lambeth palace bishop rome pope lives palace vatican lives white house king power political differs kings bishops holds lawful power limited
pointed left open congress trick pass mass bills president considered dreadful send prevent trick provided congress ten days unsigned bill law popular saying president choose sign bill ten days puts pocket kind veto called pocket veto things constitution says president simple washington simple looked government possibly supervise separated departments duties constitution makers expected president attend personally inform congress going recommend law thought needed turn department heads properly office secretary clerks domestic servants country grew required eisenhower administration president staff fifty hundred worked white house start washington government employed thousand soldiers sailors army navy
officers appointed president required law advise matter comes department big questions concern department war involves peace question hard answer pretty sure involve money business law interest departments treasury labor commerce justice members cabinet meet stated times special room adjoining president private office white house sit table widest middle tapering ends president sitting center speak easily ten mind explains called advice frequently happens addition cabinet members outsider ambassador general admiral expert called tell knows special problem presidents vice president sitting regular meetings room table action executive branch government determined determined majority vote say final decision rests president ten cabinet members say yes president says end authority give president advice give orders orders course happens cabinet president idea accepts advice
armies stood ready gallop grassy plain north black sea southern russia decisive battle hand darius riding head invaders impatient begin darius reason impatience master thousands fighting led seventy thousand scimitar armed cavalry hard muscled foot archers persia teach strange scythians roamed region overrun country trade enemies greeks months able chase scythians yon pestered troops avoided pitched battle finish job suddenly shout broke silence scythian ranks shouts whoops glee scythian horsemen clad garments stitched scalps slain foes galloped plain seemingly unmindful darius troops attacking chasing hare darius shook head fellows hold deep contempt sorrowfully aide responded known scythians hard deal scythians hands mocking enemies mysterious darius persia scythians roved horses cattle china danube early hunting elk bison bear fishing sturgeon war drank blood enemy killed victim skull wine cup
fine weather changed snow temperature dropped low degrees horses fodder grew hungry ruined countryside carved flesh fallen animals shelter built huts frozen corpses stacked logs wagons crashed ice rivers survivors envied perished wounded picked loaded wagons crowded room jolted wagons stop wounded left road trampled remainder procession retreat harried russian troops furious peasants women swinging scythes mow tormented beaten invaders napoleon accompanied de arrived palace paris midnight december personally napoleon de suffered small part agony troops changed palace porter opened door lamp hand call wife help identify grand army started june reinforced later fighting left thing learn history learn history saying applies enemies czars sought conquer russia napoleon knew darius knew charles xii adolf hitler knew napoleon presumably darius charles june hitler troops nazi germany rumble tanks artillery marching russia
according ancient russian chronicle slavs novgorod revolted vikings service city drove result chaos revolt chronicle records law began war let seek prince rule according law overseas land rich order rule reign land meant region known kievan map page called norsemen norse word means sworn band hundred swore obedience leader called debatable historians trace word finnish rowers say derives alan clan case chronicle says land troubled norse adventurers invited rule novgorod agreed reluctance norse chieftain stayed novgorod prince house reign russia norse origin completely submerged died kinsman oleg taking power infant son igor grow sailed river kiev lured swedes ruled town boat killed kiev grand prince grand princes sit throne regal robes administering justice distributing
learned memory sioux indian sioux originally lived mississippi river southern minnesota wisconsin northern iowa lands abounded lakes rivers ancestors sioux woodland hunters fishermen women gathered wild rice grew abundance shallow lakes maple syrup spring tended small fields corn beans squash sunflowers younger helped clear fields older tended small patches tobacco ceremonies free trap beaver war neighbors beautiful bountiful lands clear lakes rivers streams sufficient game fish warring part indian group push villages occupy weaker group found allies returned push conquerers turn conquered bided healed wounds acquired allies try regain lost ground stories told sioux enemies chippewa full battles began surprise attack dawn women children fled cover woods jumped swift canoes escape warriors remained defend wigwams tipis enemy burned village scalp dances victors mourning bodies sorrow defeated homeless found shelter relatives villages tribes planned revenge
sioux famous horsemanship elaborate ceremonial dress thin tall large noses large hands feet buckskin shirts leggings fringed decorated scalp locks porcupine quills wore breastplates shell necklaces bear claws earrings arm bands moccasins tough soles buffalo hide elaborately worked porcupine quills dyed bright colors red yellow blue carried dignity feathers wore hair added impressive height festive important occasions appeared councils chiefs wore buffalo robes headdresses eagle feathers crown feather headdress finished mink legs tail mink hung side warrior face war dances sioux liked boast brave deeds shy pueblo indians sioux matter young wanted audience achieved sioux women tall dressed ankle length buckskin dresses fringes hem sides sleeves addition woman decorated dress porcupine quills later beads buttons acquired trading dress beautifully tanned deerskins moccasins elaborate boys girls dressed parents boys wore shirts age stayed close mother tipi girls played tiny tipis dolls boys small spears bows blunt arrows shields sticks
purification ceremony young friends helpers left camp rode hilltop planned stay days nights awaiting vision helpers rode top prepare place young saw level platform walk prayed tree lean felt weak longer stand wanted crouch short nap helpers left buffalo robe cover case cold rain ready vision seeker climbed slowly station helpers left stripped poor spirits deserve pity carrying pipe young cried prayed spirit pity live walked platform hour hour crying praying alert signs spirits bird alighted nearby tree stump carrying message ant messenger birds course watched closely nearest spirits sun set tired young lie rest short nap continue walking praying hungrier weaker remain crouching position tree
winter worst history york city snow blanketed city winter cold winds blew buildings ice floes choked east river brooklyn manhattan ferryboats unable cross lines commuters trying reach manhattan return home brooklyn stalled riverbank tempers grew hotter temperature grew colder joke poor lived brooklyn country knew travelers reach manhattan albany quicker city east river brooklyn bridge sell ice jammed river formidable barrier engineer john roebling idea tragic cost family suggested wire hung bridges built cities roebling perfected cable weaving technique supposed bridges safer completed fine wire bridge ohio river building bridges midwest joking york backwardness rejecting perfectly idea roebling bridge east river john roebling leading bridge builder founder president john roebling wire rope company expert suspension bridges suspension bridges general reputation brooklyn residents slow accept ideas dumb read abbey bridge tweed river scotland bridges england soon wrecked wind action
big case automobile race driver joe hurtled smoking snorting straightaway seventy miles hour careened turns started main stretch brand raceway full view thousands fans area cow pasture deserted farm indianapolis indiana indianapolis powerful city automobile business racetrack idea carl fisher moment looked horror tie rod unit connecting front wheels racer rod suddenly snapped front wheels racer splayed pointed racer completely control couldn aim hurtling racer put brakes hope slammed mechanic anderson companion case swift kick wheel snap left car head inside wall anderson knew wheel kicking job waited car began slow waited waited finally jumped intending catch wheel give kick forgot car going seventy miles hour thirty miles hour felt standing mechanic sprawling rolling track car screaming scene racer driver harry knight immediately front wheels poor anderson stunned unable scramble
speedway die fisher group fought bad publicity major event track surface problem thought expense completely paved track bricks engineers bricks provide surface needed racing indianapolis speedway acquired nickname brickyard bricks succeeded crushed stone failed attendance speedway continued increase mile race largest sporting event race continued dangerous drivers facing ordinary dangers chosen job spectators protected restricted areas strong fences greatest names racing flew bricks finally macadam surface track chevrolet eddie tommy milton jimmy murphy pete frankie lockhart early indianapolis speedway gained deserved reputation important proving ground brand automotive innovations tested high compression engines wheel brakes experimental fuels lubricants front wheel drive wheel drive systems low pressure tires hydraulic shock absorbers racers continue test improve spark plugs piston rings suspension systems automotive design features speedway increase safety performance comfort modern passenger cars rolled daredevils replaced died track fortune
nature building tunnels caves began animals tunneling thousands millions building tunnels concerned lagged nature animals fact digging tunnels important part human civilization nature builds tunnels ways built rain water water rivers cut caves tunnels rock chemical mechanical action waves dashing shore carve tunnels eruption volcanoes upheavals earthquakes create caves tunnels number animals rabbits chipmunks woodchucks prairie dogs efficient tunnel builders start alice adventures wonderland alice white rabbit found rabbit hole straight tunnel rabbits dig burrows underground connect form warrens numbers rabbits live chipmunk digs tunnels side chambers storing food purposes woodchucks ground hogs tunnel feet underground prairie dogs create towns underground hundreds tunnel ground area homes nature caves tunnels thousands ago information earliest earth comes paintings tools weapons bones found caves parts peking china limestone caves inhabited stone age ended ago
romans built finest network roads country recent times tunnels difficult dig days machinery romans preferred hills mountains built tunnels part road project pierced volcanic ridge naples modern railroad tunnel tunnels grotta di built general grotta di poet supposed buried built claudius emperor tunnels feet important roman road tunnel ran northeast rome principal highways empire road built tunnel dug pass order emperor vespasian built colosseum rome tunnel exists feet feet wide feet high strangest underground passages dug catacombs rome famous catacombs exist naples paris european cities north africa asia minor catacombs excavated burial places early christians rome digging catacombs began century continued catacombs feet underground levels covered acres
tunneling soft ground especially tunnel driven body water hazardous tunneling rock requires special techniques machinery important piece machinery shield important compressed air shield circular structure steel diameter tunnel front cutting edges bite earth side face heading side platforms levels level doors doors workmen excavate material mucked soil soft mixed water excavating shield equipped hydraulic jacks exert pressure force shield ahead simply pushing soil water shield steered difficult tunnels curves built shields modern shields arm inside pick put place iron steel plates lining section lining put place shove forward shield lord cochrane englishman patented idea compressed air tunnel nearly idea combined circular shield compressed air simply air reduced volume put pressure tunnel driven porous soil water air tunnel compressed pressure greater water tunnel water
water compound exists larger quantities substance earth covers percent earth surface oceans mountains deeps surface earth smooth ball salt water completely cover depth mile half air water compound urgently needed alive living creature smallest insect whale blood percent water need water digest food eliminate waste regulate temperatures blade grass plant tree water means eat wear houses automobiles cities completely dependent water eighteenth century scientists discovered true nature water believed century theory greek philosopher empedocles matter elements earth fire water air substance produced combining elements varying proportions centuries alchemists tried find combination elements turn lead metals gold british scientist named joseph priestly proved experiments uniting gases hydrogen oxygen proportion atoms hydrogen atom oxygen produce water drop water contained billions molecules hydrogen oxygen atoms exploding empedocles theory elements
water vapor rises high air forms clouds water suspension surrounding temperature high air cooler clouds longer remain vapor water returns liquid form falls ground rain rain seeps ground trickles reaches layer dense rock clay penetrate forms large pools domes flows veins streams called ground water distance earth surface called height water table speak water table dropping means level ground water falling water withdrawn wells replaced rain water rain soak ground runs tiny flow larger creeks finally large rivers water eventually flows reservoirs storage dams lakes oceans rain past surface ground sucked grass plants trees rain water later return air evaporation temperature air reaches degrees raindrops sleet snowflakes fall ground lie drifts melt high mountain slopes forms drifts glaciers ice winter spring thaws release water gradually air earth full billions tiny dust particles conditions rising water vapor molecules condense tiny droplets dust particle create blanket fog
known england author impressed skills neighbor business author insisted find water usual methods client send map land dug mark places drill successful wells visiting spot britain boasts water follows theory domes veins expounded leonardo da hundred ago british reputedly talents famous scientists believe basis claims electric impulses transmitted running underground water surface detected person sensitive impulses resolved impulses strong move rod unconscious reaction moves forked stick geologists historians tell climate swung colder warmer periods wet dry cycles ice age ten thousand ago canada united states europe part south america small part asia covered vast sheets ice ice slowly disappeared warmer cycle glaciers ground landscape plowing tremendous hudson river valley lakes st lawrence river
streets filled indian trade charles town lively place spring traders sell indians fall winter hunts merchants bought skins furs packed heaviest casks ship england making clothing covering trunks boxes south carolina hats worn england called deerskins shipped charles town lighter deerskins poorer locally making saddles shoes breeches unwanted town leather industries shipped england northern colony spring months busy times taverns punch houses indian traders drinking queen anne health pewter tankards watching entertainment feats traveling shows woods games bowls pins visitors preferred active sports fight sailors thronging streets british war anchored harbor beat constable watch rabbit shifted gun hand took pack horse lead rope hot sweat beginning run neck woolen shirt gull wheeled overhead screaming colored woman basket shrimp head darted front pushing wheelbarrow loaded cedar shingles wobbled side pack train coming king street tall indians
pack horses carry hundred pounds trade goods sizes shapes weights horse variety items trying overload animal load bulky difficult transport took bundles packsaddles carried inside store fed watered horses set sorting merchandise display began muskets brought pieces later fitted wooden stock barrel metal pins tang screw guns specially packed vines limbs crowding sides narrow trails anyway guns receive special attention trader high priced item demand price varied indian musket thirty deerskins gun white possessions red wanted fact fashioned happy forget weapons stone age bow arrow gun forgot shoot bow arrow skill properly ceased matter able fire arrows minute musket manage luck fire length accurately trading guns arranged storehouse unpacked pistols worth twenty skins
willing help smooth indian white relations prompt report troubles colonial officials peace trade continue grant person intelligence sagacity invaluable carolina government number treated indians fairly samuel benn indians honest anthony deane learned jesuit influence cherokees widely traders differed ways thing held common hoped money begun goal rich quick scheme slaves failed faced choice quit trading business altogether america land opportunity try occupations bring riches hand stick trading shrewd realize accumulate amount money livelihood chose stick trading fact liked indians enjoyed trading decision easy carefree lively wilderness towns appealed greatly indians wild sense humor matched nature influenced decision reached steady honest trader twenty lived red cherokees longer known died lifetime indian friends death ghost cheerful inoffensive rabbet traveled westward darkening land join ghosts departed cherokee friends await arrival companions
northeast trade wind filled sails ships surged ahead course columbus west north south voyage truly begun studying planning searching backers columbus fair wind calm sea cabin chart drawn careful study maps showed europe asia africa kind giant island surrounded ocean sea chief difference columbus map width ocean sea columbus narrowed distance europe east nautical miles canaries slipped sight believed miles ocean lay nearest part indies cipango japan land rich gold pearls experienced sailor columbus underestimate sea dangers instruments measure speed distance estimate speed calculate distance traveled wrote estimate ships progress record secret gave shortened figure thinking frightened learn home panic indies exactly days weeks sailed empty ocean saw flocks birds kind cloud formations land ocean proved lacking islands sight sails water stretching
ways lived simply knew writing invented bow arrow boat gathered ate parts plants grow food tamed animals dog developed skills live cold land hunt huge game animals hunt led eastward land skills served knows exactly hunters crossed siberia alaska fourth glacial advance ice age ice age played major part coming ice age sheets ice thousands feet thick spread large parts continents begins heavy snows fall colder parts polar lands peaks slopes lofty mountains snows winter heavy summer sun melt snow builds weight snow packs ice masses ice called glaciers snows fall glaciers grow ice starts flow giant rivers ice reach slowly mountains valleys tremendously thick sheets ice flow polar lands thousands passed change occurs glaciers start melt shrink draw polar lands mountain heights releasing floods meltwater earth ice ages called ice age began million ago main stages
thing earliest americans began arriving thousands seas rose covered land bridge alaska home hunting ground known indians meaning early indians hunting east south blocked towering sheets ice plenty food living space populations tend grow rapidly indians started spread game trails foothills alaskan mountains band moved territory numbers increased indians spread alaska southward coast main route interior western canada place mackenzie valley large sheets ice met times glaciers shrinking ice sheets pulled ice free corridor opened led mammals eastern rockies plains plains dry tableland today wet rivers lakes marshes green tall thick grasses grazing ground herds huge ice age mammals herds worn trails led watering places feeding grounds hunters trails trail led bands hunters wandered directions eastward river valleys westward ice free passes rockies
clock morning april clear sky cape canaveral florida half million crowded kennedy space center watch spectacular event launching space shuttle columbia columbia put orbit earth humans walked moon preparation hard preceded space flight add excitement astronauts board robert crippen john young countdown begun hours earlier inside launch control center army engineers technicians mechanics worked furious pace final preparations blast seconds remained columbia vaulted space atop powerful rocket engines ignited seconds crowd broke cheers blue orange flames crackled thundered launchpad setting chain vibrations shook earth miles kilometers directions straining break free hold arms clamped launchpad columbia quivered trembled giant paint shaker clearing launch tower shot straight miles kilometers hour ground wide eyed spectators watched awe shuttle roared space leaving white tail fiery exhaust inside spacecraft crippen young strapped securely seats looking earth degree windshield cockpit crippen exclaimed pretty unbelievable space flight minutes lift columbia settled orbital path miles kilometers earth surface
minute space vehicle lifts launch pad begins climb space passengers board experience kinds strange unfamiliar sensations imagine trip space shuttle seconds lift feel flattened seat feel heavy rapid acceleration craft force seat similar happens jet plane approached escape velocity weight actually triple weighed pounds kilograms left earth weigh pounds kilograms passing thickest part earth atmosphere miles kilometers earth surface lighter oddly sensation motion inside spacecraft traveling miles kilometers hour passing spacecraft tell moving climbed miles earth surface completely weightless remember gravity things weight experiencing called gravity humans accustomed earth gravity natural weightless astronauts special training prepares function weightless environment gravity conditions floats including unstrapped seat soon find bouncing ceiling stay put hold strapped
astronomers space tools eyes minds imaginations early wonderful happened eyeglass maker holland invented optical telescope astronomers tool let closer look sun moon nearby planets earliest telescopes refracting telescopes worked curved piece glass called objective lens end tube formed picture faraway object passed picture tube piece glass called eyepiece lens magnified bring object focus objective lens bent light rays object point lens human eye works collects light object bends focus form image problem refracting telescopes image distorted edges blue red colors appeared caused colors english scientist isaac newton discovered objective lens refracting telescope acts prism light passes prism makes band colors called spectrum solve distortion problem newton built kind telescope called reflecting telescope glass lens curved mirror light gatherer mirror formed image bouncing light object flat plane mirror image moved tube telescope magnifying eyepiece lens located side telescope modern astronomers types reflecting refracting telescopes
beach water nearby flooded light comes sun makes light sun cross space sun light brighter beach city street field country early morning sand beach feels cool sun shines sand sand hot heat sunlight sand hot sand cool night sit sunshine skin light turn red tan stay sunlight painful sunburn makes sunburn wear bathing suits colors color makes colors grains sand beach white yellow pink scattered light grains black hold toy magnet close sand black grains jump magnet makes jump edge beach water meets land movement waves roll crash beach roar waves makes sound ashore swim skin bathing suit wet water stick sit beach feel wind blowing sea makes wind wet skin feel cool wind blows
let examine dish pulled table dish began move pulled pull push called force person pushes pulls things muscles inanimate things things alive push pull coiled spring compressed exerts force pushing coiled spring stretched exerts force pulling earth exerts pull object pull earth makes things fall ground supported force earth pulls object called weight object measure forces choose unit force temporary choice replace choice later temporary unit force weight object say metal cylinder place earth surface unit weight cylinder place place weight page chosen unit easy identify things weight unit weights equal balance balance scale equal arms children balanced seesaw object balances unit chosen say weight unit object balances weights weighs unit say weight units equal objects balance unit say weight unit
electrostatic force bodies caused electric charges bodies body fixed mass fixed charge charge amounts charge charged body joined wire ground loses charge kinds charge negative positive hard rubber rubbed fur negative charge put rubber glass rubbed silk positive charge put glass charged rubber rod glass rod touched pith ball charge flows rod pith ball pith ball negative positive charge charged pith balls hang threads attract repel repeated experiments show attract unlike charges repel charges find body charged scientists test leaf device pieces gold leaf aluminum foil attached metal rod knob end charged body touched knob charge flows knob rod leaves leaves charges repel separate amount separation measure amount charge body tested equal charges equal separations leaves amounts charge measured terms unit called coulomb named french physicist charles augustin de coulomb
english egypt soft greek latin hard egyptians roman times adopted latin land called hard arabs conquered egypt seventh century called inhabitants version shifting hard hard pronouncing english term egyptians speak language practice religion prevailed arabs coptic language descended later versions original egyptian language written greek alphabet greek language egyptian rulers thousand help coptic language ancient egyptian inscriptions worked century quarter ago egyptian religion coming mohammedan arabs form christianity word egyptians practice christianity religious organization coptic church word egypt traces modern speech route involves group wandering language originated india ninth century penetrated persia eleventh century southeastern europe reached western europe fifteenth century wanderers varying names languages according local theory place origin france instance thought reason bohemia part modern czechoslovakia reason called bohemians
israelites fond names meaning names common original meaning forgotten bible traditional child event connection birth hebrew version pharaoh daughter hebrew word means draw connection hebrew speaking obvious unlikely egyptian princess adopted son means hebrew word language slaves likely give egyptian moses means son egyptian appears names known pharaohs son thoth egyptian god ramses son ra egyptian god egyptian moses turned revered hero israelite tradition revered fact hesitation afterward fewer later jewish history jacobs abrahams josephs altogether absent moses ben known renowned jewish philosopher twelfth century born moslem spain lived moslem egypt moses mendelssohn jewish philosopher eighteenth century lived germany grandson felix mendelssohn composer returning original moses traditional belief jews belief christians accepted moses author books bible reason books lumped books moses
specific miracle converted moses rod special kind magical object minds later books moses involved miraculous occurrences instance kind superstitious ritual carried involves forked hazel twig sort supposed dip accord passed underground water vein gold lost word divine latin word meaning pertaining god english means voice burning bush called divine voice instance meaning merely pleasant young lady describe party movie saying divine hand powers important ancient peoples ability foretell future phrase divine meant twig give information discovered natural means divining rod events book exodus divining rod referred moses rod moses reluctant pleaded slow speaker eloquent god impatient final persuasion aaron thy brother speak behold cometh meet thee appearance aaron bible
thousand burial place egyptian queen remained mystery land heat sand bleak rock cliffs secret tomb buried centuries tomb robbers searched searched find mean wealth wildest dreams queen buried furniture gold wrappings mummy fortunes jewelry amulets silver gold precious stones searched endless expanse desert deep hot sands shifted winds desert gave clues scaled desolate cliffs swept hot sand barren rocks looking sealed crack sign door lead passageway found opening led tomb location place burial known hundreds court walked queen mummy funeral procession tomb throngs stood miles hot dusty roads watch procession pass buried pomp splendor befitted loved queen mother ruler egypt pharaoh mourned mother death proud magnificence burial true religious beliefs comforted coffin held mummy rested beautifully carved sarcophagus alabaster burial chamber stood deep tomb safe sure end series passageways
enthusiastic tourist herodotus copious notes saw unfortunately egyptian catching enthusiasm tell herodotus interesting fanciful yarn believed stories egypt true observations mummy making firsthand wrote saw centuries account considered accurate valid part point important part process herodotus erred mistake translation drying body desiccation process according herodotus soaking body aqueous solution chemical known sodium carbonate crystalline form wrapping began centures questioned writing art herodotus desiccation process soaking body period days solution late nineteenth century began awakening interest ancient egypt especially england scholars dared question herodotus account soaking process asked object percent water place solution dry body eventually soaking solution surely easier practical dry chemical english scientist alfred lucas conducted experiment laboratory chickens plucked birds group put soak solution
priests poured liquid symbolically restored moisture body lighted incense burned symbolically restore body warmth odor body ready wrapped yards linen cloth prepared torn strips varying widths bandages written identity preserved figures gods religious writings words magic give help power reached intricate highly skilled priests knew magical bandages words power priests knew words chanted ring finger gold earrings hung ears finger gold earrings hung ears priests direct bandages amulets hidden protect deceased journey began frequent interludes wrapping ceased priests ceremony intoned words wisdom chanted religious formulas wrapping wealth religious significance took seventy days elapsed death wrapping finished mummy house mourning died
nyame sky god tired watching stupidity creatures decided find wisest sending messengers issued challenge creatures saying give wisdom honor proved wisest heard messengers silence afraid bold claim afraid wrath god try fail accept challenge god surely task hard surely fail punished silent let claim reward crowd creatures claiming nyame reward kwaku ananse spider answer challenge god skies ananse accept challenge accepted animals cleverest prove god looking ananse wondered small creature accept challenge calling messengers assembled kingdom declared ananse spider accepted challenge let warn kwaku ananse witnesses accept challenge accept warning fail task calamities fall family wish hundred times bold claim ananse unafraid bowed low accept challenge nyame consequences
chief elders soon received news hurried greet kwaku ananse personally feared nyame sky god felt honor send messenger son stay hurriedly guest rooms swept fresh mats put ground chief ordered cloths put sleeping child lay ananse laid child carefully cloth face wall asked leave room child tired absolute quiet addressing chief sternly forbidden majesty disturb god son tell put guard door enter let leave sleep bathed tell journey eat chief morning replied kwaku ananse solemnly bathed refreshed excellent meal kwaku ananse led chief elders told journey dangers encountered bravery talk thought question ask adventures tales told late thought sleep kwaku ananse finished tales god told wishes son asked heard famed kingdom river chief brought visit
lion stretched sticking claws yawning going hunt want accompany tell kwaku ananse clever rely friend hare help hunt leave certainly kwaku ananse certainly clever endeavor small creature expect started forest till reached place game plentiful bush thick lion sat tell easiest catch animals tired bothered show strength kwaku ananse thought turning lion course majesty poor creature suggestion say lion majesty suggest dig lot pits cover branches majesty walk area roaring confusion animals thinking run thither fall pits excellent idea lion dig pits lion slept kwaku ananse hare toiled dig pits cover branches evening finished sweating panting woke lion pits ready majesty king beasts stretched stream drink kwaku suggested
kwaku ananse family meal months whilst ate ananse hurried forest built hut thicket stream put precious pot left word thanks kwaku ananse told family follow vain tried find gotten food refused tell don worry children today clever father food tell village want share ananse hurried hut hidden pot early sat wait till hungry dusty took stream dipped gently water till sides shone pot grateful angry kwaku ananse home kwaku ananse kernels palm nuts touch kernels palm nuts ananse grunted lay doze shadows midday kwaku ananse hungry able pot produced wonderful meal ananse ate till eat took rest food family refusing food ananse days forest brought food wife children began grow fat
evening kwaku ananse called friend house empty sign donkey doubt thought ananse urgent call morning hear home bed morning early kwaku ananse call donkey exchanged ananse asked night donkey private kwaku ananse curious unusual donkey secrets kind tell friend maybe help rate give pleasure sharing secret course won tell donkey decided tell kwaku ananse secret truth seen beautiful girl nearby village beautiful decided marry talking says willing happy kwaku ananse surprised friend big ugly persuaded beautiful girl marry curious girl asked donkey village show wait settled donkey want family introduce kwaku ananse determined wise
kwaku ananse wandering forest looking trouble heard sound sobbing curious matter hurried spot recognized voice friend mouse deeper growl king beasts small clearing stood lion tiny mouse paws mouse sobbing crying begging lion eat keeping safe distance kwaku ananse addressed lion majesty mouse troubling deign bother mouse answered kwaku ananse beg ask majesty free tried help morning found caught pit hunters dug days begged help refused told sure eat promised persuaded end agreed says hungry eat mouse sobbing kwaku ananse thought quickly majesty mouse speaking truth don believe power intelligence need mouse help climb pit lion ashamed answered spider courteously kwaku ananse climbed rope mouse cut fixed tree
wondered motivation hope suitable epidemic soon materialize fact fraser closet physician twisted sense medical ethics simply dedicated professional totally preoccupied immense challenges epidemics special kind formed core shaggy haired raw boned fraser penchant wearing desert boots open neck shirt office removed traditional image doctor fighting disease business concern treat patients eventually lives depend skills interest illnesses family doctors confronted outstanding graduate harvard medical school america teaching hospitals university pennsylvania philadelphia mayo graduate school medicine rochester minnesota spent working days removed emergency rooms operating theaters moment notice plunged jungle swamp parched desert tree lined city suburb concrete heart vast metropolis word suddenly hour night telephone july advanced fraser wished succession hot humid days telephone cluttered windowless office bring news enigmatic epidemic fit pattern thousand outbreaks occur annually united states epidemic allow test field newly acquired skills young doctors join special pathogens branch
born depression felt hunger tender age heard talk losing jobs big lick mountain town seen families pack leave finally silence total enveloping eerie silence poverty settled area memory forgot forgave wanted experience grim childhood ended pearl harbor subsequent wartime prosperity strong carry families forward decades uneasy peace doris family exception remained poor church mice reasons rarely mentioned wife utterly opposed affair bound complex currents flowing beneath placid surface shaped mores living jimmy doris swum tide living sin deeply religious community mockery marriage regularly attending mass making confession taking communion prophesied couple punished vengeful god hellfire religion powerful totems finally doris family background admit tried rise poverty fact divorcee divorced fault mother lacking attention jimmy quality doris stopped warming let accepting close knit clan aggressively irish american middle class family considerable social influence valley
city transient managers chain hotels likable fashioned innkeeper maintaining high profile mixing levels vigilant opportunity steer business asked columnist secret successfully coping variety interests replied accurate wristwatch contained deal truth chadwick stickler punctuality proper timekeeping firmly inform assistant manager dining room captain helped uphold hotel high reputation proper timekeeping included wake calls chadwick discovered file numerous complaints guests saying awakened wrong reason remedy situation spent early mornings hotel telephone exchange tucked corner seventeenth floor door numbered bedroom locked precaution guest seeking put face body voiced operators women worked graveyard shift lonely stretch midnight hotel quietest switchboard disturbed occasional demands room service businessmen making calls abroad suddenly plunged activity clock requested percent wake calls expert women fell schedule try called rooms earlier ordered end shift guests roused chadwick immediately solved problem adding operator crucial period increased wage bill protected hotel reputation fiercely proud
bearded bespectacled mild mannered doctor possessed ferocious appetite early brought high scholastic honors later seniors graduating university pennsylvania school medicine intern york city bellevue hospital resident later fellow prestigious university colorado medical center denver period david fraser alternative military service returned philadelphia wife karen doctor couple married weeks karen due baby partly preparation event couple bought home planned move end week moment stepped office engulfed residue begun difficult philadelphia schools hit major measles epidemic february cases children adults immunized end school june outbreak studied data collected flowed desk analysis reports latest deaths city fourteen hospitals update garbage strike note local medical society letters citizens complaining dirty streets rats publication hundred epidemics agency tackled united states entirely agree view common philadelphia medical circles style fly study outbreak rush atlanta write results prestigious journal
calls realized didn sense jump conclusions heard cases sounded unrelated knew reported cases philadelphia unusual city size shrugged didn worry wait laboratory passed judgment monday saturday afternoon promised drove doris traveled uncomfortable silence knew say jimmy sickness widened gap wish share mutual anxieties hopes preferring carefully concealed arrival hospital told jimmy transferred intensive care unit doris nervously biting lips stepped elevator sixth floor critical care area afternoon sun filled corridor glow reminded doris sunday jimmy left philadelphia sat place dell overlooking spoken marriage wanted cry stared red painted surgical cart positioned halfway corridor crash cart ultimate emergency aid aseptic contained patient cart top shelf empty space mass materials shelves drugs help sudden loss oxygen cardiac arrest help stimulate cardiac output bring patient dead
nodded eis course told attitudes expected personnel attached health departments instinctively knew going appealing daredevil quality belied age thirty status happily married father small children definite presence tall muscular handsome pretty girl head turn moved office splendid handlebar moustache casual clothes gave look raf fighter pilot war ii moved spoke radiated vitality drive unshakable confidence met remarkably similar leaving atlanta david fraser felt remarks mention quick catch knows listen decided asset relaxed choosing fit small team easy glanced spite boyish look enhanced lank white blond hair keen intelligence eyes need mused need stamina instinct epidemiologist superior thought handicap physician passed mill deposited shiny bright care veterinarian major epidemiology university pittsburgh past eventful guided investigations population million experience specialist field felt medical doctor
yeast microscopic plant cell grown vats warm mash ground corn barley malt water types yeast compressed yeast dry yeast dry yeast replaced compressed yeast formula approximately dry yeast weight formula calls lb compressed yeast replaced dry yeast lb oz dry yeast remaining oz water reactions yeast temperatures ideal storing temperature yeast yeast mixed flour dough yeast plants begin grow multiply fast growth produces leavening gas carbon dioxide forms small bubbles dough rise yeast baked products increases volume improves grain texture flavor chemical divided classes acids bicarbonate soda baking powder ammonium carbonate case baking powder acid reacting salt combination salts acts sodium bicarbonate presence moisture heat releasing carbon dioxide gas product sodium bicarbonate carbon oxygen form carbon dioxide gas reaction similar baking powder acid component sodium bicarbonate sodium bicarbonate added batter sufficient acidity ingredients release gas sodium bicarbonate addition sodium bicarbonate spice cakes molasses
takes place dough mixed oven dough baked reaches temperature point yeast bacteria killed fermentation ceases favorable temperature fermentation place length fermentation period depends amount yeast dough temperature room lower temperature slower fermentation dough sufficiently fermented referred young dough dough known dough gases developed fermentation carbon dioxide forced dough process known punching dough aids relaxing gluten temperature dough punch dough doubled size fermentation test dough ready punching insert open hand dough inches dough recedes ready punching springs hand inserted longer fermentation required dough punched bread rolls controlling dough temperatures important proper fermentation quality finished product efficient production depend greatly temperature dough mixed baked desirable temperature sponge straight doughs range exact temperature selected depends shop conditions type bread desired
tools electrical repair improvement jobs book number require modest investment home tool kit buy extra tools specific job undertake addition need general purpose tools common households electric drill screwdrivers saws hammer nail set essential kind wiring job inexpensive testers voltage tester neon bulb insulated wires end metal probes main purpose check current begin job power test proper grounding special circumstances check voltage wires standard voltage testers circuits carrying volts low voltage tester looks similar sure check rating package purchase continuity tester source power small battery power pinpoint malfunctions wiring component broken switch light socket instance preparing wires attached electrical devices accomplished efficiently multipurpose tool cuts wires strips insulation wire gauges printed tool hole stripping insulation damage wire include cutting small bolts crimping special kinds wire connectors kinds needed electrical nose pliers striated jaws hold wire firmly shape attachment terminal
normal electrical circuit current flows appliance light hot wire flows service panel eventually utility power station white neutral wire hot wire charged voltage neutral voltage earth fact neutral wire connected earth service panel deviation normal path dangerous protect home hazards electrical codes require safety system called grounding keeps outlet cover plate voltage grounding guards hazards fire shock result short circuit current leaks broken hot wire connection reaches point voltage path normal worn insulation path offers high resistance current generate heat start fire shock hazard generally arises leaking current potential abnormal current flow exists bare hot wire touched cover plate switch receptacle cover plate grounded voltage hot wire charge plate touched charged plate body provide current path voltage suffer shock grounding system blocks dangers series special wires carry leaking current abnormal voltages directly safe point voltage earth electricity encounters resistance special path high amperage current high blow fuse trip circuit breaker
rising cost copper house wiring copper clad aluminum aluminum copper clad aluminum wire acceptable alternative pure copper pure aluminum wire installed million houses proved dangerous cases united states consumer product safety commission estimates recent period fires causing deaths attributable type wiring source fires traced chemical reactions place surface pure aluminum wire result reaction exactly wire heats reach temperatures high ignite nearby combustible materials reactions corrosion occurs dissimilar metals meet case aluminum wire standard brass outlet terminals brass alloy largely copper similar copper corrosion comes contact copper wires chemical reaction pure aluminum wire oxidizes soon insulation removed exposing wire air reaction coats wire surface layer increases resistance current generates heat corrosion reactions prevented aluminum wire safe copper wires properly installed types switches receptacles terminals connections prevent contact dissimilar metals wiring pure aluminum check receptacles switches sure terminals marked ampere devices cu al higher ratings replace outlets correct type
matter large versatile wiring system likely outmoded quickly appliances overcrowd existing receptacles room arrangements call lighting fixtures switches straightforward procedures dependent carpentry electrical enable add receptacles plug appliances put switches turn lights locations install built fixtures track lights illuminated cornices luminous ceiling kind lighting effects expensive homes create amenities run cables install outlet boxes additional wiring simple conceal inside walls ceilings interior partitions ceilings houses ceilings walls rooms hollow snake cables inside sink boxes visible surfaces plaster plasterboard paneling simply skins covering beams vertical called studs walls horizontal called joists ceilings floors joists meet studs plates horizontal pieces topping studs framework construction leaves empty space skin surfaces wiring exterior walls solid masonry hollow spaces snaking wires sinking boxes wood framed interior partitions spaces studs likely insulated interrupted fire stops horizontal wood pieces inserted studs block spread flame extend wiring exterior wall consider partially concealed wiring attached surface page inside hollows floors ceilings interior walls cables run studs plates joists existing outlet box
matter simple ambitious job plan installing single receptacle putting extensive circuit outlets number steps order type home job goes faster follow logical sequence putting boxes running cable connecting cable existing circuit choose location box break ceiling wall opening pages find nearest joists studs box ceiling determine direction joists run select existing box location box provide power circuit starting point box enables run cable box direct route floor ceiling joists alternative routes needed pages depending factors direction ceiling joists shut power circuit service panel remove cover plate existing box check wiring box electrically practical connect cable wires existing wires terminals insets opposite page show wiring typical boxes found homes starting points circuit wires represented dash lines show cable circuit connected bring power boxes end run switch light fixture count connections box room additional cable wires clamps page
central element permanent electrical installation outlet box metal plastic enclosure embedded wall ceiling receptacle switch light fixture mounted inside box cables enter leave holes sides wiring connections entirely contained box boxes vary shape according position function rectangular wall boxes receptacles switches wall lights octagonal circular ceiling boxes ceiling lights square junction boxes largest house connections cables branch parts circuit existing boxes home installed house built attached directly studs vertical posts support wall joists beam ceiling fastened plastic boxes widely houses built installed install boxes direct access studs joists covered walls ceilings metal box secured ways method choose depends type construction house house built walls ceilings commonly constructed plasterboard foot sheets plaster sandwiched outer layers paper nailed directly studs joists wall ceiling materials include wood panels plywood sheets sheets compressed wood fibers called hardboard plasterboard wooden walls fastened directly studs joists common surface homes constructed newer apartments plaster
modern beekeeping developed honey bee adaptable animal moved learned bee biology beekeeping called application science knowledge beekeepers attempted select breed gentle bee inclined sting selecting gentle colonies rear queens effect resulting offspring queens gentle bee produced honey production fallen appears called gentle bees nectar gatherers capable aggressive bees protecting nests predators difficult conceive seemingly infinite number animal species earth based experience hard put list hundred species million species insects small seen microscope insect species bees species composed group related individuals resemble animals single species breed mate members species instances show sexual interest species define bee animal insect feeds larval adult pollen nectar insects feed egg pupal stages bees branched hairs bodies addition insulating body insect hair serves entrap pollen grains transport plant
providing nests solitary bees interesting hobby enables trap bees study biology drills holes varying size pieces wood puts ready nests protected areas solitary bees nest hollow twigs horizontal nest twigs vertical facing facing wasps nest similar situations nests solitary bees wasps species bees obviously species part united states able find species arctic areas place find hundred species solitary bees radius miles chief limits nesting sites interestingly shortest check lists bees record vicinity miami florida bees collected studied period ten wet sandy soil miami apparently suitable ground nesting bees group animals solitary bees show fascinating behavior characteristics nocturnal large tops heads small eyes compound eyes insects nocturnal bees visit specific flowers weather conditions precise succeed solitary bees general feeders taking pollen nectar variety flowers solitary bees show variation size color form large group ground nesting solitary bees known green bees bodies brilliant green
occupants hive queen number workers food abundant colony growing number males drones figure number workers males present depends variety factors called expert risk saying present defining circumstances examination honey bee colony determine exists judgment based number bees flying carrying pollen colony entrance helpful estimates fallible important understand number occupants hive affect colony management easiest define normal colony talk extremes population occur honey bee colony normal colony population falls limits northern states largest population honey bee colony occur june colony single queen worker bees drones emphasized colony bees definitely larger normal extreme circumstances number workers slightly greater minimum size colony queen worker bees fewer worker bees social order food exchange smaller number bees cluster bees cluster queen cluster formation normal
precisely makes bees swarm understand swarming occur part natural cycle popular theory swarming caused primarily congestion adult bees brood nest thought congestion upsets normal distribution chemicals pheromones queen produces food exchange method exchanging pheromones continued existence colony chemistry pheromones discussed chapter began think understand chemistry swarming process beekeepers designed techniques prevent swarming suggested lack ventilation insufficient shade drones honey insufficient room sudden emergence young bees contributory factors swarming thousands publications swarm control george prepared prevent swarming commercial beekeepers steps relieve congestion improve physical situation colony steps simple describe considerable experience required assess colony conditions accurately act addition making standard manipulations known queen approximately likely head colony swarm queen question researched james simpson chief method discouraging swarming give plenty room colony expansion expansion brood nest honey storage colonies spring supers boxes super combs added april early northern states
text von reviews experiments conducted bees ability convey information high bridge gorge bavaria germany bees bridge scouts trained valley floor meters train bees side gorge returned hive bees conveyed information food source indicating correct distance recruits flew plane level bridge project reversed bees valley food source bridge case recruited bees searched food valley floor scouts continued move hive food source dance enthusiastically existence recruits sought vain food species primitive social bees odor trails food source nest able convey information lead recruits successfully top water tower able direct recruits food source lake experiments question conducted interesting experiments show limitations odor trail communication system train bees family side lake side moved feeding station lake slowly scout bees odor trail proceeded lake shore
variation experiment train bees feeding station syrup scent offered ten bees feeding cover feeding station box hole side round gallon ice cream container hole centimeters diameter bored side cork borer works paint box color glue staple piece colored paper bees associate color food allow bees round trips covered feeding station hive test bees color sense removes feeding station colored box substitutes empty boxes bears color minute counts number bees going holes boxes experiments found bees enter correct box showing color sense according von honey bees colors distinctly yellow blue green blue ultraviolet number performed experiment students elementary class biology honey bee method outlined von bees trained feeding station blue cardboard inside blue box reason procedure changed bees trained feeding station red piece cardboard bees red black
soon eat grass mother daytime evening young colts meadow older nearly large grown horses run fun gallop round round field hard rough play frequently bite kick gallop deal kicking mother whinnied wish pay attention going say colts live colts cart horse colts course learned manners bred born father parts grandfather won cup races grandmother sweetest temper horse knew think seen kick bite hope grow gentle learn bad ways lift feet trot bite kick play forgotten mother advice knew wise horse master thought deal duchess called pet master kind gave food lodging kind words spoke kindly children
course halter led field lanes quietly bit bridle master gave oats usual deal coaxing bit mouth bridle fixed nasty thing bit mouths think bad feels piece cold hard steel thick finger pushed mouth teeth tongue ends coming corners mouth held fast straps head throat round nose chin rid nasty hard thing bad yes bad thought knew mother wore horses grown nice oats master pats kind words gentle ways wear bit bridle saddle half bad master put gently daniel held head girths fast body patting talking oats leading till began look oats saddle length morning master rode round meadow soft grass
black beauty yes think john stable told james master mistress chosen english meant pegasus laughed james bringing past named rob roy saw horses alike wonder john didn farmer grey dutchess mother heard poor rob roy killed hunt brother wonder mother troubled horses relations sold john proud mane tail smooth lady hair talk deal course understand learned meant wanted grew fond gentle kind horse feels cleaned knew tender places ticklish places brushed head carefully eyes stirred ill temper james howard stable boy gentle pleasant thought helped yard ginger
master rode home slowly tell voice thing grieved free speak gentlemen rank met captain langley friend master driving splendid pair grays kind break conversation captain think team gordon judge horses parts opinion master backed view uncommonly handsome pair look sure need wish hold pet scheme worrying horses lessening power mean bearing reins ah hobby fact horses hold heads master don held takes shine military langley doubt regiment look parade heads credit drill heads tied backboard harm parade worry fatigue bayonet charge enemy want free muscle strength thrown forward
morning early december john led box daily exercise strapping cloth james coming corn chamber oats master stable looked held open letter hand john fastened door box touched cap waited orders morning john master want complaint james complaint sir sir industrious respectful yes sir find slights turned sir put question reason suspect goes horses exercise message stops talking acquaintances goes houses business leaving horses sir certainly saying james don believe don mean believe fairly proved witnesses say trying james character say sir steadier pleasanter smarter young fellow stable trust word trust gentle clever horses charge half young fellows laced hats wants character james howard john decided jerk head let john manly
thing heard james voice quiet cheery beauties wake stood nearest door patting beauty bridle boy soon smother took scarf neck tied lightly eyes patting coaxing led stable safe yard slipped scarf eyes shouted horse tall broad stepped forward took james darted stable set shrill whinny saw ginger told whinny thing heard courage confusion yard horses stables carriages pulled houses sheds flames spread side yard windows thrown shouting sorts things eye fixed stable door smoke poured thicker flashes red light presently heard stir din loud clear voice knew master james howard james howard
morning summer vacation harry houdini marco twelve pretty weird thing happened harry didn think reason maybe kind kid sort magic stuff wasn began thoughts happened attic considering rest summer turned decided believe fishy morning started badly bad vacation possibly harry chore mow lawn front boarding house things started wrong foot actually harry feeling cheerful started smack dab middle mowing moving van pulled front pete wilson apartment doors kerry street course harry known wilson planning move hoped wouldn end summer luck pete harry friends certainly kid harry age street moving suburbs families neighborhood marcos summer vacation suddenly began look lonely stretch harry worked bitterness fiercely mowing surviving column tall green grass collapsed feeling lot mowed survivor
mood scientific curiosity harry decided test diagnosis lifting foot pulled leg jeans expected bruise shin larger didn nearly color quality elbow hurt embarrassing happened sutter street bus hurrying tripped maybe staggered forward grabbed hand hold spun wound sort sitting fat lady lap shin begun hurt couldn remember bumping hunch fat lady kicked looked wanted anyway examining wounds start feeling sorry wasn harry worked melancholy frame mind stopped think happy clumsiest kid ten states practically orphan halfway living crummy street shops stores grownups give blues harry mood feel sorry thought father wasn father dead sad course father died harry ago dimmed memory nowadays harry feel miserable thinking disappointment dad alive
mom sobered wiped eyes funny miss thurgood dripped room packed bag left insulted send rest things tomorrow finished mopping floor sat started thinking ruined chances trip promising managed short trip water heater buy miss thurgood leaving mom shook head sadly look mom harry don worry plenty things summer matter fact trip interfere plans course big fat lie harry convincingly moment believed realization summer plans fizzled beginning hold brighton kitchen door swung open brighton head appeared marco conference chief assistant brighton kidding harry running boarding house big joke harry overheard telling mom job raising harry brighton unusual refreshing meet kid shouldered responsibility cheerfully mom worry responsibility
deeply embossed silver top attached wide wooden cork inside bottle thick white liquid looked stuff ladies put hands finish dishes harry asked catalogue listed oil disapprovingly actually product bits trickery popular nowadays sure ointment formula known sorcerers centuries raw material distilled oldest dreams mankind drop shoulder rubbed course read label yes don forget verse bottom label order return user harry turned bottle noticed smooth oval shaped area engraving lines tiny print trying words horn honked front boarding house taxi reason thank kind listen sympathetically troubles presume kindness help street luggage harry million questions ready ask closed fastened suitcases started door large
harry complete discouragement flying didn matter fact lasted pain faded bump top head left vivid reminder proceeding caution promise careful head began feel window leaned looked foggy night fading hill street lights lights houses blurred pale drifting fog climb window sill blinding mist stupid say think safer place learn noticed roof carriage house knew going flashlight extra big brighton birthday cautiously opened door room marco boarding house slumbered midnight kind quietness stairs henry close wall boards likely squeak reached ground floor hall headed kitchen door short dash foggy yard carriage house inside harry stopped catch breath turn flashlight overhead lights risk turn windows faced house light bring investigate night carriage house spooky place harry
harry started flight mood efficiency confidence accomplished important occurred sitting window waiting darkness complete advantage clear sky map landing route foggy nights took carriage house roof night climbed upward felt sight leveled drifted large circle kerry street mental notes located roof carriage house hovering directly picked able deep fog easy memorize angles distances harry gave full attention sure roof matter foggy foggy night wasn going trust guesses dumb luck finally took part flight plan feeling proud thinking ahead earlier harry making plans evening decided visit zoo zoo favorite places occurred fun find night place crowds front favorite animals nocturnal animals asleep saw prowling
johnny began walk head stooped wasn special reason hold high smiled problem look gloomy johnny problem gave kind wonder going spit middle days school johnny didn feel playing fun johnny mother knew johnny didn feel took johnny doctor doctor weighed measured johnny doctor gave johnny medicine soothe gave vitamins boost energy red lollipops cheer gave shiny gold badge marked bravery doctor office doctor told johnny mother johnny fine days johnny didn especially feel sucking red lollipops didn feel wearing shiny gold badge medicine vitamins hoped start feeling soon johnny problem bothered felt eating took longer longer fall asleep night soon johnny friends began wonder wouldn play bat
johnny tried teacher didn help johnny trouble swallowing food trouble falling asleep night didn feel playing friends squishy rumbles tummy grew bigger johnny boy problem johnny friend peter knocked door hi peter game catch johnny don feel playing ball closed door peter knocked anyway peter don special don want johnny put jacket peter don peter johnny nodded head told friend asked peter matter yes johnny bothering want tell peter quiet gentle kind voice johnny took deep breath okay deep inside johnny didn believe peter going help johnny peter walked slowly big hill top hill johnny told peter problem johnny peter turned walked slowly hill bottom hill johnny told peter problem
tip toes top head peter listened listened hard knew listen listened johnny absolutely possibly say problem peter listening began dark think home peter getting late johnny peter walked bit johnny home house peter home house night johnny dinner tasted dinner eaten days days dessert johnny asked later johnny felt tired yawned stretched upstairs bed fresh clean sheets bed felt body big soft blanket warm cuddly soon johnny turned side curled comfortably fell fast asleep morning johnny woke bit late lot hungry ate big breakfast hurried school johnny discovered school wasn terribly hard rumbles tummy slowly disappeared later walked home school johnny noticed air smelled noticed sky looked pretty johnny saw boys leaping laughing tossing ball
parent close friend relative drinking problem feel rotten break hate parents lost respect non alcoholic parent try parents think unfair ashamed home wish home homes friends lose temper lot say things don want help trouble concentrating school resent jobs house think parents afraid let re wish dead starting think nice forget problems taking drugs getting drunk hard talk parents talk extremes afraid future believe possibly understand feel feel alcoholic parent drink upset parents fight stay house hate avoid telling parents truth worry parents nervous scared lot
admitted powerless alcohol lives unmanageable believe power greater store sanity decision turn lives care god understood searching fearless moral inventory admitted god human exact nature wrongs entirely ready god remove defects character humbly asked remove shortcomings list persons harmed willing amends direct amends injure continued personal inventory wrong promptly admitted sought prayer meditation improve conscious contact god understood praying knowledge power carry spiritual awakening result steps tried carry message practice principles affairs admitted powerless alcohol lives unmanageable key word step admitted admit powerless parent drinking accept fact control person responsible alcoholic behavior drinking problem expect cure
told lies friends classmates jealous angry deliberately parents teachers hard order look brave accepted crowd stolen destroyed property things didn believe ways hurt realize hurting hurt selfish thoughtless mean destructive harm trying hurt end liking feeling lousy believing love harm feeling sorry think times slipped busy feeling sad harm trying change changed end frustrated upset things don want harm worrying things control concentrating put list persons harmed willing amends accepting making sincere effort improve program direct amends injure amends
don mom drinks mom drinking alcohol spoils fun dad real family remember things mom dad smiling smiling smiles anymore expect mom afraid yelled homework maureen re getting dinner homework mad afraid tell didn homework confuses later night told sorry letting dinner took pizza milk shake liked dinner confused times big concert school dad orchestra conductor play clarinet excited mom late concert couldn find seat help clapped clapped began turn stare friend yoshi whispered matter mom drunk yoshi drunk sounded terrible
mom smiles things don think funny smiled lot birthday party carrying birthday cake table sitting friends suddenly fell cake smashed floor mom burst laughing friends laughed didn yoshi tell thinking mom drunk party started feeling bad happening fault mad mom hate asked dad yoshi mean says mom drunk drunk makes mom hate dad put arm mom hate slowly sickness measles chicken pox called alcoholism sickness alcohol asked dad nodded makes drink means makes act strangely yoshi means drunk mom sickness makes act differently wants maureen try understand mom acts sick inside tried understand hard especially feeling dad hates yells homework feeding dog setting table
teachers ms williams talked school told mom drinking ms williams asked talk want calls house dad takes phone room talks lately mom staying home job home school table note dad don worry home dinner later later worried finally dad home looked tired mom asked sat mom special hospital weeks mean wasn idea boss think hospital help thought decided care till dad sick drinking don say real answer knows sure comes going meetings seeing help help
alcoholism disease afflicts million americans disease affects areas person physical emotional spiritual person disease control alcohol consume lack control drinking leads lack control entire lives alcoholics suffer unpredictable mood depression ill health symptoms family alcoholic suffers children alcoholics feel guilty parent drinking alcoholism fault alcoholic family alcoholic family bands help member trouble healthy response normal situation alcoholic family family members tend cover alcoholic protect family shame children understand problem afraid bring friends home afraid parents divorce afraid ride car drinking parent loyalty family keeps children going family help children alcoholics find feelings fear anger guilt loneliness pent inside order hide problem avoid pain estimates million children age living alcoholic homes million adult children alcoholics united states research suggests genetic environmental link makes children alcoholics likely alcoholics
dad drinks mom drinks don understand heard words alcoholic alcoholism re don exactly words mean feel uneasy hear alcoholism means happens dad mom drinks feel unhappy confused let look words mean feel let talk happens dad mom drinks important fact remember alcohol drug adults drink alcoholic beverages beer wine liquor legal country wisely unwisely recorded history drink alcohol feel relaxed drink think helps unwind busy enjoy social occasion party drink enjoy taste beverage believe enhances pleasure meal drink alcohol part religious worship service drink alcohol travels bloodstream brain begins dull senses feel relaxed continue drink relaxed point reactions act silly giddy talk loud say things don mean
plan picnics dad mom miss birthday party happens dad mom promises picnic attend party start drink forget promise broken promises hard accept later dad mom tell re sorry excuses don feel re disappointed confused don count don dad mom keeps broken promises unanswered questions hard things live young alcoholic parents times feel embarrassed parents act drinking maybe tried prevent friends seeing dad mom drink problem parent drinking stop inviting friends house friends happen parent drunk excuses pretend wrong feel bad love dad mom don want think badly problem alcoholic parents violence especially true dad problem father begins drink acts person
dream parent stops drinking dream think parent didn drink able practice pitching dad maybe able team grades part school play fun seeing mom dad applaud front row feel parent stopped drinking fall place simple dad mom stopped drinking today perfect parents wishes true want try happen don parent drinking problem excuse try try find help pitching ask neighbor gym teacher friend help practice want earn grades need find quiet place study study friend house library school try homework study hall worked hard part school play disappointing dad mom congratulate worked hard effort
want tell secret tried hide thought awful dirty decided find look realize secret lots known type thing telling wasn big deal common thing happens families kids knew problem didn real secret felt inside scared miserable sick writing booklet secret help learn re secret dirty stop scared miserable simple thing share secret let tell mine mother alcoholic father today say word feeling sick stomach girl friend told mother parents alcoholics hated word filthy disgusting curled sidewalks women hung sleazy bars
react read sentence think stupid alcoholic watching parents drink wonder alcoholic maybe re confused writing booklet drunk maybe clear misunderstandings thing called alcoholism dirty secret common disease diabetes affect ages worse longer drinking cure recover drinking anymore sounds simple alcoholic hardest thing alcoholics drink bad hate children stupid drink illness makes bodies minds crave alcohol strange thing alcoholism desperately want believe wrong drinking parents furious children mention alcoholism ask drink denial refusing admit wrong major symptom alcoholism going say sound strange person alcoholic family suffers disease taking drink
started talking person important understands alcoholism illness affects entire family maybe lend friend booklet unfortunately doctors ministers teachers big problems understanding alcoholism don feel getting understanding need choose talk place likely understanding children alcoholics special organization called holds meetings places country parts teenagers parent relative close friend alcoholic purpose give place share feelings teenagers lived things idea change parent change young age limits parts country thing matter look phone book call ask don find listed call local office alcoholics anonymous al anon organization adults talking al anon want ask send pamphlets help understand parent alcoholism
amy nest room put big sign door knock enter fuzzy cover bed making bed morning shape sheets blankets circle exactly size curl moved bed window lie look sky branch tree window branch interrupted clear view weather times felt bird nest place pillow floor soft step shag rug feet warm small table bed special things tiny wooden mouse painted white pink ears square box silver chain gotten christmas present father supply peanuts favorite book goodnight moon reach book girl favorite nearby collection bright postcards uncle trips taped walls today adult amy talks room says felt loved familiar objects bright colors postcards
person alcoholic loses control drinking comes body alcohol order function hooked give drinking wants begins need alcohol high looking called tolerance part kind drug addiction person drinks need alcohol effect feel sick person developed tolerance alcohol control shaking withdrawal symptoms physiologically addicted alcoholic change physically goes boy danny father drinks beer drinks afternoon saturdays sundays drinks evening falls asleep drinks watches sports tv looks football baseball turns television order excuse drink danny father strong lean flabby stomach arms legs skinny face puffy reddish change gradual unnoticed family danny aunt seen brother remarked brought abruptly attention danny shocked unhappy realized active father turned lump sit front tv smoking cigarettes drinking beer
parent learn spent drinking find place family family members learned experience trust acting irresponsibly addition things find things interest important going deal unhappiness disappointment resorting drinking angry feels drinking handling feelings rehabilitation started learn live discomfort continues experience feelings learn healthy ways cope recovering alcoholic embarrassed drinking tells family talk struggles involved staying sober confusing talks freely friends neighbors feels longer drinking respect fact wants break news family talk recovery wants helpful recovery period try avoid unnecessary arguments try household running smoothly try show love faith let happy fact longer drinking
start creating works art look prompted history art begin questions admission answer earliest ancestors began walk earth feet million ago hundred thousand later meet earliest traces toolmaker tools apes pick stick knock banana stone throw enemy making tools complex matter demands ability think sticks stones fruit bone crackers times needed purposes able discovered sticks stones handier shape put future appointed tools begun link form function stones survived large pebbles chunks rock showing marks repeated operation step try chipping tools appointment improve shape earliest craft evidence enter phase human development known stone age late stages stone age twenty thousand ago encounter earliest works art known
development pyramid reaches climax fourth dynasty famous triad pyramids giza fig familiar smooth sided shape originally outer casing carefully dressed stone disappeared top pyramid clustered pyramids smaller large number members royal family high officials unified district simpler arrangement adjoining pyramids east temple processional causeway leads temple lower level nile valley distance mile valley temple pyramid stands sphinx carved live rock fig impressive embodiment divine kingship pyramids royal head rising body lion towers height feet bore probability features damage inflicted islamic times obscured details face awesome majesty thousand later regarded image sun god enterprises huge scale mark high point power end fourth dynasty centuries attempted pyramids modest scale continued built
formative phase greek civilization embraces hundred centuries period greeks rapidly emerge full light history period saw full development oldest characteristically greek style fine arts called geometric painted pottery small scale sculpture monumental architecture sculpture stone seventh century pottery decorated abstract designs triangles checkers concentric circles human animal figures began geometric framework mature examples figures form elaborate scenes specimen fig cemetery athens belongs group large vases served grave monuments bottom holes liquid offerings filter dead body vessel deceased lying flanked figures arms raised gesture mourning funeral procession chariots warriors foot remarkable thing scene reference afterlife purpose purely commemorative lies worthy tells mourned splendid funeral greeks conception realm dead colorless ill defined region souls shades led feeble passive existence making demands living
pagan germanic version animal style reflected earliest christian works art north alps order understand produced acquaint important role played irish dark ages assumed spiritual cultural leadership western europe period deserves fact called golden age ireland unlike english neighbors irish part roman empire missionaries carried gospel south century found celtic society entirely barbarian roman standards irish readily accepted christianity brought contact mediterranean civilization rome oriented adapted received spirit vigorous local independence institutional framework roman church essentially urban ill suited rural character irish irish christians preferred follow desert saints north africa east left temptations city order seek spiritual perfection solitude wilderness groups hermits sharing common ideal ascetic discipline founded earliest monasteries century monasteries spread north western britain ireland monasticism leadership church bishops irish monasteries unlike desert prototypes soon seats learning arts developed missionary fervor irish monks preaching heathen founding monasteries northern britain european mainland
north normandy west facade evolved entirely direction abbey church st etienne caen fig founded william conqueror soon successful invasion england offers complete contrast notre dame la grande decoration minimum contrasts lesser architectural members played huge buttresses divide front church vertical sections vertical impetus continues triumphantly splendid towers height impressive tall early gothic spires top st strikes full muscular st etienne cool composed structure appreciated refinement proportions mind visual tactile faculties fact thinking anglo norman architecture william started build england responsible breakthrough structural engineering soaring churches gothic period romanesque english soil turn interior durham cathedral begun fig south scottish border nave actually wider st greater length feet places largest churches medieval europe despite width nave designed start vaulted vault interest represents earliest systematic east end vaulting completed ribbed groin vault story nave
suggest fusion material spiritual beauty impressed visitors st denis overwhelms step finest gothic cathedrals easy printed page view inside chartres cathedral colorplate supply dimension missing black white reproductions chartres major gothic cathedrals retains original stained glass windows act mainly huge multicolored diffusing filters change quality ordinary daylight endowing poetic symbolic values highly praised abbot suger basic plan gothic church exemplified cathedral notre dame fig found satisfactory heretofore flexibility groin vault based pointed arch grasped evolution gothic architecture france daring testing limits kind construction carried loftier buttresses cases collapse purpose glorifying divine order abbot suger set imperceptibly turned kind tower babel contest recall ended amazing find flamboyant flame gothic phase called stood undulating patterns curve counter curve pierced stone ornament st rouen fig luxuriant game hide seek locate bones building
needless say full range effects oil discovered campin contributed jan van younger famous artist credited actual invention oil painting jan career deal older brother hubert apparently painter remains disputed figure works painted including pair panels showing crucifixion judgment colorplate scholars agree date jan hubert author style panels common embracing devotion visible deep space angular drapery folds graceful realistic unbroken loops international style individual forms tangible isolated sculptural sweeping sense space comes violent subtle light color inspect crucifixion slowly foreground figures distant city jerusalem snow capped peaks gradual decrease intensity local colors contrast light dark tends uniform tint light bluish gray furthest mountain range color sky
towering genius ushered architecture history goldsmith sculptor architect skilled mechanics military engineering builder clocks scientific apparatus correspondent mathematicians inventor mathematical perspective representative universal early renaissance famous twenty lost ghiberti competition bronze doors florence shortly rome careful measurements ancient roman buildings florence competing ghiberti competition job building cathedral dome won vastness projected dome presented construction problem frightening dimensions built solid traditional outward push defy bracing cost assuming put threatened bankrupt republic solution envisioned dome light weight tall double shell proposed build mountain high web scaffolding required older construction method ideas impressed authorities awarded job construction began completed sixteen later fig basic shape dome older gothic design carried
style impresses dramatic force brother law venice giovanni poet light color slow mature finest pictures st francis ecstasy colorplate date decades century later saint small detail incidental incidental rapture view spread key response giovanni colorplate st francis shoes hand corner standing holy ground ordinary visible beauty wonderfully atmospheric landscape bathed radiance late afternoon sunlight sweeping breadth close intimacy deep blue sky dotted softest white clouds scene shows strong influence style van compare colorplate left surely knew admired flemish painters venice strong trade links north contours crisp colors softer light glowing shares tender regard flemings detail nature unlike flemings locates form clear mathematically defined space organizing rock formations foreground according rules scientific perspective rome neglected papal exile avignon later fifteenth century important center art patronage
architecture beginnings baroque style defined precisely painting vast church building program rome talented young architect carlo task completing church st peter pope decided add nave converting bramante michelangelo central plan building basilica fig design facade follows pattern established michelangelo exterior compare fig dramatic emphasis called crescendo effect corners center spacing colossal order closer pilasters turn columns facade wall projects step step quickened rhythm dominant principle facade designs st peter smaller churches replaced traditional notion church facade continuous wall surface facade depth dynamically related open space possibilities implicit concept exhausted hundred fifty st peter facade completed bernini greatest sculptor architect century molded open space front facade magnificent oval forecourt framed bernini likened motherly embracing arms church charging space active energy key feature baroque art
contrast flanders painting overshadowed majestic personality rubens holland produced bewildering variety masters styles nation proud hard won freedom cultural links flanders remained strong factors encouraged rapid growth dutch artistic traditions unlike flanders artistic activity radiated antwerp holland flourishing local schools amsterdam commercial center find important groups painters haarlem leyden delft towns holland nation merchants farmers seafarers reformed faith official religion dutch artists lacked large scale public commissions sponsored church catholic consequence private collector painter chief source support shrinkage output contrary dutch public developed insatiable appetite pictures country gripped kind collector mania invested paintings millions americans played stock market comparison fetched pictures important commodity holland trade law supply demand artists produced market relying commissions individual patrons mechanism art market raise barrier artist public true worth art charges unrealistic true worth art unstable depends circumstance believe timeless values art concede values expressed money
france baroque classicism architecture official royal style young louis xiv took reins government king chief adviser built administrative apparatus supporting power absolute monarch system aimed subjecting thoughts actions entire nation strict control visual arts task glorifying king painter charles supervisor king artistic projects chief dispenser royal art patronage commanded power practical purposes dictator arts france centralized control visual arts exerted power purse included system educating artists officially approved style antiquity middle ages artists trained apprenticeship honored practice prevailed renaissance artists gained liberal arts status wished supplement mechanical training theoretical knowledge purpose founded art academies patterned academies humanists derived grove plato met disciples art academies appeared italy private associations artists met periodically draw model discuss questions art theory later academies took functions guilds teaching limited systematic
pollock drip technique essential action painting de prominent member group close friend gorky abandoned brush unmistakably action painter de recognizable subject retains link images paintings woman ii colorplate image emerges jagged welter brushstrokes insistently head christ fig de common pollock furious energy process painting sense risk challenge successfully barely met action painting marked international coming age american art movement powerful impact european art show comparable force conviction french artist prodigal originality constitute movement jean dubuffet exhibition soon liberation electrified antagonized art paris young dubuffet received formal instruction painting responded trends saw art museums struck divorced real turned pursuits middle age experience breakthrough permitted discover creative gifts suddenly realized true art ideas traditions artistic elite found inspiration art children insane
later trend conceptual art patron saint pop art marcel arose happenings staged alan event art conceptual art challenges definition art radically insisting leap imagination execution art works art incidental products dispensed altogether galleries extension artist public creative process need documented verbal photographic cinematic form deliberately art approach stems dada page poses series stimulating paradoxes soon documentation achieves visible form begins perilously close traditional forms art especially gallery seen audience impossible fully divorce imagination aesthetics joseph chairs fig clearly indebted ready mades describes chair combining installation actual chair full scale photograph chair printed dictionary definition chair artist intention making matter minimal essential conceptual artist michelangelo end art final document creative process execution idea fully realized
france distinguished representative international style le corbusier built private houses necessity choice important wright prairie houses le corbusier called machines machines lived term meant suggest admiration clean precise shapes machinery desire mechanized living wanted convey houses conventional constitute species impression approach famous house sur seine fig resembles low square box resting stilts pillars reinforced concrete form part structural skeleton reappear divide ribbon windows running side box flat smooth surfaces stress le corbusier preoccupation abstract space blocks find box subdivided enter realize simple package living spaces open closed separated glass walls indoors communication views sky surrounding terrain seen enjoy complete privacy observer ground stand window functionalism house governed design living mechanical efficiency america despite position leadership lagged
clay common unique material makes ceramics confused soil combination clay sand humus partially decayed vegetable matter minerals compared materials earth soil forms extremely thin outermost layer varying inches foot thick course large areas soil desert mountain regions soil proper rocky core earth rests thicker layer subsoil composed clay mixed sand gravelly mineral deposits layer large beds clay found order explain variety nature clay types description formation layer subsoil earth cooled slowly fiery origins rocky outer crust hardened internal pressures volcanic eruptions pushed mountainous areas gradually water vapor formed atmosphere created resulting rains winds caused erosion extremes heat freezing temperatures led expansion contraction earth surface combined forces fractured crumbled exposed rock initial composition rock varied greatly place place process erosion effects occurred manners surface earth formation clay beds important forces melting movement ice cover glacial ages organic acids released decay vegetation
problems arise constructing large thick walled sculptural forms clay tendency vertical walls horizontal spans sag danger thick areas crack drying addition grog sculpture body help clay stand support collapsing grog wedged clay amounts percent body reduce shrinkage strains thicknesses clay drying clay pulls slightly grog opens air channels exposure clay air lessens danger cracks occurring addition sculpture body fiberglass actually glass fibrous form shredded fiberglass wedged clay increase plastic strength slabs unusual stability needed potters sandwich mesh fiberglass layers clay fiberglass consists mainly silica melts body firing earthenware stoneware heated oven provided walls bottom uniform thickness glaze coats inside helps pot heat cool evenly general precaution place cool oven let heat slowly hot expose rapid cooling ceramic body formulated control effects quartz inversion resistant heat shock
clay oldest craft activities known techniques today manner ten twelve thousand ago likely small figurines animals modeled pots figures survived found middle eastern burial mounds connection hunting planting harvesting ceremonies history ceramics techniques functional sculptural forms skilled hands pinching coiling produce remarkably symmetrical pots introduction potter wheel cultures continued prefer flexibility hand methods coil moist clay cracks excessively wound finger suitable forming sand cracking removed adding water body slip allowing sand settle procedure require effort worth base clay possibilities moderately plastic addition percent ball clay percent improve body bodies percent ball clay ball clay absorbs large quantity water shrinkage rate increases essential satisfactory body aged weeks plastic aging microscopic particles completely wet causing cling
cylinder basic form shapes develop initial ball clay centered clay opened cup clay hands thumbs touching center press thumbs evenly creating small depression add water thin slip hands pot clay peel fingers slip accumulated hands strip clay form add water sponge handful continue downward pressure thumbs inch wheel head pin gauge thickness bottom bottom thick pot heavy crack thin difficult remove wheel encircle clay fingers squeeze thumbs outward fingers form bowl shape careful pressure equal thumbs lift fingers upward maintaining pressure thumbs form low thick cylinder refine bottom press fingertips hand center move bottom forcing clay outward times spiral design created fingers left smoothed sponge pull walls thinner hand pot left hand inside
handles joined form trimmed leather hard appendage attached thrown pot moisture content drying parts shrink rate makes join stronger apt separate crack pulled handle wedge clay slightly stiffer throwing consistency roll thick taper hold butt end left hand wet hand pull clay swift downward motion pull clay times wetting hand turning mass clay apply pressure lighter end elongated strip thickness varies cut uneven part weaken handle pressure thumb fingers pulling motion result comfortable handle score apply slip points attachment pot pinch cut butt end handle press firmly upper section pot smoothing clay strengthen join correct curve fasten bottom handle score marks handles cups small objects attaching thicker end handle upper score mark pulling handle directly pot handles figure joined manner small knobs clay upper ridge thumb rest
ways making covers pots thrown pot measured accurately calipers ensure tight fit lid conform shape pot complement lines careful removing lid wheel bat trimming lid distorted soft likely warp dries fit correctly impossible lid pot dry shrinkage rates lid fit pot simplest types lid flat disk knob thrown top small thrown hump wide lid thrown bat vessel depressed flange support flat lid casseroles teapots flange pot rim hold lid prevents moisture escaping steam running sides pot throwing pot rim thicker usual finger depress portion rim form retaining ring finish rim soft leather domed slightly rounded lid thrown simple bowl rim thick allow retaining ring fit inside top pot leather hard lid inverted top tooled
recently hand potters concerned functional ware decorated formulated studio decorating techniques commercially manufactured ceramics ware unsuitable practical largely neglected contemporary potters experimenting low fire techniques result durable finishes characterized bright colors metallic lusters possibility decoration glaze fired ware application acrylic oil base paints glazed surface fig acrylic paints adhere ware oil enamel paints glazed surfaces lusters fired cones electric kiln extremely low temperature fuses colors previously glazed surface finishes burn cone hard glossy reliable bases effects rough mat surfaces application firing processes exacting area clean free dust ware wiped alcohol remove dirt oily fingerprints compound lusters ingredients expensive process consuming find profitable choose commercially manufactured products colors coloring oxides stains flux binder oil lavender purchased small containers applied directly bottle vials fresh colors gummy form jellylike mass
term design applied ceramics confusing suggest intellectual process undertaken act forming pot practice course acts forming designing taking precedence stages evolution form discuss design separately considerations isolates decoration form order point characteristics problems examples ceramics past illustrated book unquestionably source interest inspiration students reflecting efforts countless generations potters danger uncritically accepting models imitate social economic conditions change function ceramics culture variety found historical ceramics result needs experienced cultures produced respect era drastically unlike earlier periods technological advances produced glass metal fiber plastic containers completely eliminating need standard forms huge earthenware containers ancient civilizations objects efficiently supplied mass production methods industrial revolution began change basis pottery making early severed age pattern form design nurtured local market evolved transition generation
teapot offers unusual challenge potter generally consists separate parts combine form unified project student mastered basic techniques tea growing china dates closely teapot orient japanese tea ceremony impossible western potter influenced traditional forms century pot figure shows traditional form necessarily mean stereotyped form teapot figure modern design smooth streamlined forms easily mistake contemporary italian design dates century possibly delicate teapot flowing handle squat homey version match idea classic teapot pots illustrated things common balanced handles efficient pouring spouts bodies holding tea retaining heat japanese tea ceremony performed zen buddhist monks contemplative pause hours meditation intimately involved peculiarly japanese concept beauty beginnings hundred ago informal partaking cup tea grew gradually present ceremony monks members royal family samurai warrior class finally expanding include wealthy merchants
potters frequently disappointed glaze obtained friend textbook produces unexpected results factors involved problem ingredients finely ground usual melt slightly lower temperature glaze additions melt quickly raw compounds similar composition occasionally thickness application reaction clay body produce slightly results distressing troublesome variable nature major glaze ingredients cornwall stone feldspars attempting alter glaze proved unsatisfactory potter simple remedies glaze runny addition flint kaolin raise melting point dry increase flux develop fluid glaze effect opposite cases student justifiably feel instructor suggested change deal glaze chemistry real culprit glaze failures chemical phenomenon known lowest point chemicals combine melt lower melting point individual chemicals lead oxide melting point silica melts expect half half mixture lead silica melt halfway point actual melting point lower
copper carbonate major green carbonate form preferred oxide form production blue greens copper reds reducing conditions copper oxide forms black copper oxide cuo red copper oxide copper change greatly normal oxidizing conditions additions percent copper decrease markedly acid resistance lead lead fluxes tend produce blackish green copper tin combined alkaline flux turquoise result potash induce yellowish green zinc copper fluxes sodium potassium barium develop blue tinge cornwall stone complex mixture derived english deposit partially decomposed granite rock composed quartz flint feldspar tourmaline fluorspar small quantities minerals cornwall stone characteristics lie kaolin feldspar major ingredient english bodies subject firing strains kaolin feldspar intimate mixture naturally occuring minerals smaller amount alkali flux needed bulk required shrinkage fired glaze minimizing glaze defects cornwall stone roughly similar rock centuries chinese major ingredient porcelain bodies
colors mentioned briefly section decoration term colors glaze eventually fired temperature glaze variety colors colors hard porcelain range cone delicate hues colors burn completely leaves blues browns grays gold pinks reduction reds hues higher temperatures advisable run series firing tests attempting amount decorative temperatures basic reason employing colors durability colors raw oxide flux feldspar allow color adhere body silica kaolin ground bisque ware purpose materials lighten color equalize shrinkage important mixture adjusted properly bisque ware final glaze glazed surface show change gloss decoration major differences colors colors lower melting flux wider range colors decoration applied previously fired glaze final firing need high allow flux melt glaze seal color
gas kilns equipped thermocouple solenoid cutoff valve case interruption gas service elaborate controls regulating pyrometers found industrial installations unnecessary smaller kilns final temperatures accurately cones pyrometer help gauge draft fuel air intake obtain proper heat rise fig permanent installation large kiln type thermocouple tips porcelain tube protects metal corrosive elements kiln atmosphere selection suitable wheel important beginner experienced potter making purchase try working wheels find comfortable cheap models advertised hobby magazines avoided piece equipment costly withstand wear designed kick wheel choice beginning students figs pot starts center tendency stop kicking slower speeds easier control clay essential comfortable wheel undue strain hours concentration posture erect feet hands braced provide maximum control number kick wheels power attachments single variable speed models figs heavy fly wheel spinning power turned motor danger burning
general layout studio important individual potter teacher areas laid interference unnecessary traffic avoided raw materials clay mixing concentrated delivery entrance area needs adequate ventilation arrangement open studio drop panels ceiling concentrate kiln fumes heat exhausted studio throwing modeling decorating areas spacious lighted ware racks mentioned aid moving thrown pots wheel area kilns kilns glaze area finally kilns glaze firing sinks conveniently located areas plaster concentrated single area sink purpose drain large open tank trap plaster particles stop drains duplicate set clearly labeled glaze chemicals desirable glaze area odd lots glaze discarded mixed form shop slop glaze large cans rollers water wheel area clay trimmings throwing water provide place wash tools hands sinks eventually drains clogged aged clay reclaimed serve base powdered clay pug mill clay mixer
clay body preferred studio potter commercial pottery slip casting uniformity texture obvious technical reasons similarly impurities imparting color body undesirable bodies commercial production carefully selected ground refined plasticity minor importance high shrinkage rates avoided local supplies earthenware plastic united states midwest widely cement plaster mortar mixtures competitively priced generally reasonable volume clay school studio measured tons initial cost shipping charges important clay bought locally decided advantage needs amount small additions occasionally truckload raw clay purchased reasonably local brick tile works earthenware bodies present real problem supply midwest brick tile factories sell bagged clay shale clays coarse particles trouble run sieve meshes inch earthenware clays soluble sulfates form whitish scum fired ware addition percent barium eliminate fault clays plastic aged
begin exciting important experiences art greatly influenced drawing experiences months carefully concerned art influenced entire changed learning draw correctly based learning completely learn completely richer meaningful define drawing works impossible entire book partially defines describes drawing concerned principally verb noun emphasize act product stress drawing drawing drawing implies searching finishing sure finished drawings majority drawings appealing personality spontaneity fragmented statements feeling viewer close contact artist feeling progress feeling excitement look artist mind mental organization working habits craftsmanship encouraged finished constant discoveries recorded involves searching drawing look carefully record structure textures values shapes seeing complexity
selection media drawing artist personal choice determined struggles wide variety materials struggle confrontation place art room art room experimental workshop experiencing variety media point beneficial contact complete range drawing materials try separately mix attempt combinations experiment techniques generally place variety subject areas wide range papers combinations endless drawing boring basically drawing media divided convenient areas dry media wet media qualities favorite rich velvety blackness india ink sharp contrast silver gray pencil grainy texture dry brush sketch unlike drippy wetness wash drawing dry media basically graphic wet media generally consisting range wash drawings water oil applications ink ball point pens fiber tipped drawing tools dry media range charcoal chalk crayon pencil attributes give materials characteristic qualities roughness smoothness wetness turned artist advantage
familiarity recollections early school wax crayon neglected art medium versatile material handled ways effectively combinations media valuable addition drawing experience paraffin binder wax crayons wide range colors sizes pencil size sticks half inch diameter paper wrappers removed erased pastels thought painting tools drawing materials application medium classed drawing tool wax crayons bold vivid techniques subtle delicate ways color applied tip crayon vigorous broad strokes side stick subject matter sketched line drawn colored rubbed finished drawing color worked colors blended polished rubbing paper towel soft cloth small paper squares color applied heavy doses scratched paper effect paper receive heavy coating color patterns covered solid application poster paint india ink ink adhering light dusting talcum powder crayon surface
history students learned draw working human form reasons painting later lives portrayed full length portraits learning draw form paintings studying drawing human form student learns look carefully media coordinating eye hand process looking carefully needed model subtle line form shading create believable figure process recording important drawing observation exciting practice learning speak language complete control month drawing human form complete control learn look carefully record ability create likeness model improve days weeks cases begin line making contour drawings allow concentrate line person goal exact likeness learn coordinate line eye draw student model perceptive eye expert seeing hand cooperative recording
change wardrobe generate energy figure drawing difficult drawing clothes classes throw towel model head add jacket discard shoes change stimulates careful looking school dress days connection school events days figure drawing advantage costumes interesting clothing items donated picked thrift shop complete costumes rented week classmates pose uniforms dance classes leotards props tendency promote closer observation model hold musical instrument sit ornate chair play guitar carry shoes sit setup pose model sort action props masks model eliminate problem drawing recognizable face bizarre impression mask costume interpret subject observing recording follow carefully added items observed searching lines recording face hands model models generate drawings costumes props model interesting stimulating draw costumes props generate interest enthusiasm drawing class dynamic action studies
landscape drawing alive current preoccupation ecology quality environment landscape parts vital urban students certainly personal contact landscape intimately students living rural areas concerned easily motivated search multitude aspects landscape presents major painters interested landscapes drawn painted individual styles artists refreshing quiet landscape represents enjoy fury nature whip viewer landscape huge chunks panoramas enjoy intimate details presented bit bark leaves eroded surface careful searching rewarded personal insights sees nature differently learn select items total picture rearrange parts re create analyze growth patterns mass lights darks create pattern quickly searching large shapes characteristic patterns slowly deliberately defining individual characteristics special trees rocks plants diverse searching essence landscape found explore foot pencil search eyes wash discover fingers charcoal fill sketchbook pages observations notes visual verbal explore shorthand techniques squiggles doodles imitate textures nature making pine trees granite rocks ocean waves
drawing problems reach realms science concepts pop art painting advantage physical properties materials produce unique effects process initiating force exciting fascinating results evident fall categories experimentation rely pure measurement basis exploration media medium problems demand amounts control materials carefully applied desirable include pen ink fiber tipped pens felt markers ball point pens pencils rule brushes paint ink experimenting ideas optical art art essentials relies complete abstraction problems involve pure scientific approach involve feeling freedom initiating force result eye teaser optical art straight lines looked curved moire effects achieved lines wriggle flat surfaces eye focus stretched flattened tricked seeing things scientific reason happening working confining restrictions scientific approach welcomed shift style delight detailed careful aspects drawing find motivation problems
sources subject matter animal scene live stuffed flat reproductions offer points departure effective drawing medium drawing animals offers opportunity expand experience human figure accurate animal drawings hundreds sketches art class experience important end product seldom live animals brought classroom convenient animals zoo impossible wild animals pets pose watch movement animals begin sketch gesture type drawings familiarize major shapes movements careful observations recorded pets drawn home times quiet animals zoo relaxed quiet feeding stuffed animals posed action positions excellent models found natural history museums local museums museums rent animals birds schools school biology department stuffed animals birds borrowed students able bring home insects borrowed biology departments student collections observed magnifying glass photographs animals birds insects provide source drawing care imitate photograph point reference source information
review nearly illustrations reproduced previous pages exhausting experience extremely competent recordings young artists search methods working recording valuable visual experiences artist viewer search individual class school country ideas help search pleasant meaningful random thoughts explored final pages turned drawings result relaxed ease alertness seeing desirable tenseness lines mechanical responsive observing discouraged drawings fact looking carefully things recording importance worry drawing look neighbor masterpiece seen important thing looking seeing drawing draw frequently lookout subjects develop awareness things big things small things inside objects small details landscapes paintings sculpture drawings looking seeing unlimited subject matter drawing evolve looking experimenting innovating drawing true important learn draw draw
activities call drawing painting sculpture explained defined ways think apt purpose general assertion constitute making visible statement developed book embraces reasons art yields simple truth relevant initial chapter line mark basic elements assumes concrete visibility drawing virgin surface violated impressing line mark image violation drawing carried instrument mark surface scratching staining physical aspect making visible obvious manipulation instruments staining media story realize making drawing artist forming visual visible statement relates personal knowledge personal experience giving concrete shape psychological events occupy consciousness suggest word image signify art understand term encompasses physical psychological aspects fact aim book reveal closely related act drawing physical sense mental emotional artist realized form physical creation consciousness
brush responds sensitively pressures touch favorite drawing instrument china japan worthwhile practicing longer discover deliberately controlled aim number quick stroke drawings casually arranged sheet paper spontaneous short heavy stroke brush look cross stroke opposite number counters line directional movement converse terms weight tone line heavy grayish line light black simple exercise merely compels aware brush order achieve preconceived result studying page figure contrast lines group striking elementary introduction differences forceful thrust lines apparent speed movement dynamic tensions visually set straight line cuts curve angle competes round line weight tone show opposite qualities addition lines figure aspect line called quality brush pen term implies line possesses character personality sense distinctive
returning figure rembrandt horizon high drawing composed lines marks light weight tone high position combined light weight tone produces illusion considerable distance noticed eye makes decisions based placement page surface notice centrally positioned lines forms tend dominate hold eye stand rest central position heavy fence helps establish frontal dominance perceptual struggle caused placing series marks ground central hold attention completely difficult marks left corner eye dimensional bifocal nature human sight inevitably brings focal center visual field center objects sharply defined contrast lie bifocal cone vision wish clearly things situated left sought secondary response moving head direction making center cone vision moment viewing objects laterally focal center seen clearly engage full psychological attention
brush creating spatial images called written form language individual letters lines script traditionally treated east elegant rhythmic form art brush traditional instrument eastern calligraphy brush mark eastern art generally grace style letter forms varying culture culture possess common linear characteristics lines angular movement circles triangles rectangles variations combine letter forms sensitivity eastern brushwork recognized context writing figure ceramic decoration painting figure thirty inspired brush western action painting stylistically oriental witness figure extremely elegant spontaneous brushwork french painter georges mathieu flat stroke half inch lettering brush bottle black ink required drawing type brush china japan beginner chance greater contrasts line width drawing calls cut paper board squares square pinning square drawing board place larger white piece paper beneath
move dimensional practice line point ground order space model drawing air line wood strip air construct physical space model suitable wood strip balsa strip sort making model aircraft feet length required section cement satisfactory taking line ground important stipulation line move angles direction air analogous change dimensional drawing encountering pebble mark principal reasons stipulating change simplifies actual making construction wood strip square section glues easily angle joint concentrate proportionate lengths relative direction experiment help line moving space creates volume compartments space volumes proportional relationships total construction addition find fascination drawing depth dimensional freedom air line strip wood ascend air start wanderings base support construction ingenious construction illustrated figure balances perfectly single point vertical length strip
cezanne allover treatment space positive perceptual solidarity image face situation tree positive neutral spatial regions played involved sorting spatial design se nature ground suggests surface lines principal tree figure reflected surrounding space trees picture cezanne spatial positivism clarifies perception combination positive neutral space produces perceptual stress granting differences intention result important thing show space treated integral part image significantly fused figure think works heighten ability sensuously enjoy plastic organization figure space visual experience organize physical spatial reality things assume meaning consciousness look drawing space treated positively left completely neutral negative ground term positive neutral space makes sense image figure flatness essence design physical surfaces flat space flat resulting hard edged juxtaposition figure ground emphasizes lack volume spatial dimensionality
look henry moore shapes bone figure observe structures hole solid space volume mass volume object achieve surface line surface tone values shape bones concave convex aspects characteristic ridge projections obvious drawings contrast highlight deep shadow hole solid projection realized certainly continuous surface line construct hole solid form addition light shade important reinforcement perception let examine moment illustrations figure shows simple black pebble figure shows detail sea weathered stone immediately obvious subtle black gray tone values seen pebble clue nature rounded mass perception solid dimensionality pebble suffer considerably white glistening highlight tells surface projects space point maximum projection picking light source hand perceive holes figure holes shaped encompassing surfaces absence light projecting ridges shaping surfaces catch light receding holes devoid light dark
early chapter talk plastic arts explain term synonymous commonly expression visual arts footnote explained art essentially shaping process making visible embodying process word plastic qualifying adjective denotes act fashioning bringing friend mine york artist sam adler talking plastic problem laymen present baffled loss communication adler follows declaring art concerned ideas think means statements central fundamental pursuits art touched end chapter feel grapple issues scope chapter scratch surface inquiry structural aspects skeletal mass objects artist avoid involvement problems organization imparting plastic cohesion forms element space plays important role perceptual meaning families form extended limbs skeletal objects holes mass objects shaping image concern plastic issue significant structure figure meaningful articulation spatial ground
experiment characteristic movements line order familiar dynamic implications sides bottom figure simple illustrations energy force implied configurations line center figures surfaces extend swell point thrust basic linear movements illustrated direct vertical horizontal lines produce stability operating stability results fact strong gravitational pull vertical line canceled sustaining flatness horizontal line converging lines ultimately form arrowhead thrust space lines coiled movement lines swell lines vibration simple linear statements sort reveal energy contained line shown pebble connecting experiment chapter line seen number dots thread starting point finishing point energy moves line point dot possesses position direction relative dot suggested dynamic character line activates space speed implied space factor takes eye follow direction familiar expressive qualities line relate emotions ability mark differing regions depth depending weight quality tone
eye wanders planes curves crumpled objects appreciate impact force hand flat paper aluminum sheets plane curve angle fold surface result force material subjected mean words structural organization applied surface surface object takes shape forces exerted crumpled materials thumb pushed finger pushed underneath forces produce specific result terms structured organization surface crumpled object think drapes piece material top vertical pole resulting folds organized point thrust supporting pole drapes material seat chair organization surface fold result flat area force chair seat exerts totally kind pressure check pull gravity easy position supports durer drawing fabric figure thrust material organization folds results pressure physical nature material drawings crumpled object
curious minor events coincide night starting rewrite chapter talking distance telephone musician friend apparent reason suddenly embarked discussion texture music minutes obvious talking merely surface qualities sound space acoustical weave music set wondering validity treating texture art dressing surface chapter tended previous editions consider possibility plays important role write looking woodland word weave keeps coming mind weave infinitely varied textures set space point attempting write list textures fill page leaf differently textured mention bark grass straw stone rock space part weave notice finely meshed dense air seen screen fine birch branches twigs obvious visual perception depends deal presented allover weave physical surfaces space weave figure ground introduces important issue artist avoid creating weave textures starts fashioning figure ground image
object think basically composite form owing shape union small units stone handle piece composed albeit invisibly atomic particles common orange handles piece stone visually appears parts comprise revealed open chapter want draw attention specifically objects clearly seen piece composed visible parts thinking vast range things fall definition trees insects items furniture parts objects parts tend regular uniform standardized speak object clearly homogeneity shape structure comes repetition basic unit unit perceived independently tends lose identity favor composite shape find forms sort extraordinarily attractive difficult understand observe plant photographed figure think immediately attracted pattern leaf units radiate tight close knit grouping center open expansive outer radial flow follow rhythm concentric bands leaves single leaves fill spaces leaves previous band
finally photographic image beginning theme transformed unusual dream image point stipulating kind photograph kind subject matter family groups portraits landscape interior studies lends kind imaginative change collection photographs select invite interference drawing suggesting follow happy lucky childish practice adding mustaches spectacles faces revered aunts uncles change mood image transform definitive image real ambiguous image poetic course photographs hunting subject unusual image initially important largest print small photograph limits scope alterations ways drawing print found methods produce results simply mask areas black felt pen impose tonal areas solid black areas gray textured tone method black white casein pigments gel medium spread paint easily dilute produce varied values tone
twentieth century seen proliferation strange art forms strong desire experiment move traditional absolutist ideas art shun conventional techniques media springs directly constantly shifting values high speed scientific culture find terms op pop neo dada kinetic applied constantly changing art movements contemporary scene gallery paintings sculpture present happening obsessed belief true meaning experience found relevance contemporary developments mentioned chapter attempting treat studio experiences view obsession change behavior philosophy traced breakaway art movement century final chapter want draw attention revolutionary nature important fact contemporary drawing makes cubist method developing abstract freedom cubists led picasso started analyzing object presenting aspects image simultaneously
experimentation growing familiarity images contemporary freedom re group reform figure ground suit artist creative intuition owes inspiration describing loosely called analytical implies presence object picasso inventing cubist images help objects development generally termed synthetic labels important principles later phase artist realizes complete freedom create autonomously emancipated tyranny imposed object limitations visual sensations accept drawing de study shown figure reservations today drawing aspects motion dance presented simultaneously showing complete human figure de draws limb torso shapes arranges ground implication movement leg arm trunk head movement going part plastic image feel sure drawing modern heirs cubist legacy traditional cubist images part art history considered fashioned contemporary student breakthrough achieved reflected newer freedoms decade
country largest transportation system million trucks buses cars motorcycles united states licensed drivers million miles streets highways transportation system safest problems killed motor vehicle accidents accidents leading death young young killed traffic accidents important challenge ahead avoid accidents learn drive safely constantly put practice learned bad news news avoid accidents accidents preventable accidents caused driver mistakes lack judgement believe accidents happen think accidents bad luck cases ideas true accident facts think rush hours travelling fender accidents happen driver accidents happen miles driver home half crash deaths occur night half fewer road night
drive safely physical condition sick tired simple headache poor driver don feel wait feel driving let drive important taking medicine problem sleepy driving pull safe place rest sleep want let drive avoid fatigue help lot stops trip exercise trips miles sure plenty fresh air car play radio eat candy chew gum posture change seat position plenty sleep driving tiring job think short term problems tired feeling dangerous drivers realize problem sicknesses affect driving dizzy spells fainting seizures able drive problem controllable ok family doctor licensed drive handicaps loss control arms legs license safe drivers special controls car poor hearing deaf license safe drivers
drive safely drivers need think clearly steer brake gas pedal alcohol drugs slow driver thinking actions alert affect feel job driving young drivers killed hurt drank took drugs driving young killed hurt riding driver drunk smoked poorer driver helped accident alcohol drug called depressant means slows thinking body actions makes alert drink put sleep drink kill alcohol digested body goes quickly blood drivers affected quickly minutes drinking alcohol blood measured part percent small amount big effects driver weighing pounds drank drink hour percent alcohol blood chart page shows effects amounts alcohol driver effects drinking driver thinking judgement
parallel parking parking beginning drivers worry hard practice look space ahead street plenty signal warn drivers signal pump brakes flash brake lights pull front car feet side car ends turn signal shift car reverse traffic lights check carefully traffic remember front end car swing start move space move car feet steer quickly turns wheel wheels moving car space front seat car bumper front car straighten wheel straight front bumper front car bumper steer sharply left bring front end stopping straighten wheels look completely stopped park middle space shift park shut engine leave parking space check traffic mirrors signal check ready start car clears end front car
park straight space steps angle park try car farther rear ends parked cars turn wheel sharper space leave straight angle parking space check traffic clear move slowly straight backward checking traffic front bumper car left steer slowly hand hand nearest lane stop completely shift drive check traffic move street park uphill set parking brake park curb turn front wheels curb facing uphill curb turn front wheels facing downhill turn front wheels road street curb driving important tell drivers going signal car working hand signals stay accident important willing share road don think ahead line need drive defensively driving defensively means driving stay trouble road bad weather poor drivers mistakes
country look farther sides animals tractors cars trucks pedestrians ahead looking look seconds ahead car city block ahead country farther longer stop danger speed higher city car ahead look past car ahead going trouble brake immediately hazard soon foot presses brake pedal brake lights warn drivers plenty space car don tailgate try seconds driver ahead roads nice weather easy car ahead crosses mark road shadow telephone pole begin counting thousand thousand front end car cross mark counted thousand seconds distance bad weather bad roads space cushion car car center lane driving don ride lane lines move parked cars length open car door
look car look rust putty spots dents look car leaks weld spots tell car wrecked exhaust system looks ok check condition tires worn bald pay look window glass lights push corners car needs springs shocks car bouncy check trunk spare tire jack tire wrench look hood battery hoses belts look shape check oil look stickers tell oil changed driver takes care car oil look inside car wear tear look care seat covers mats hiding tears holes wear don buy car giving test drive drive highway city rough smooth roads listen rattles shakes noises step gas speeds smoothly try brakes stop car quickly straight ahead car steer ok play steering wheel
buy car find insurance cost buy insurance driving hurt killed damaged property pay wouldn money pay need insurance damaged car accident family hurt need insurance pay think won accident think happen drivers happen lots damage property pay accident insurance pay damages earn money lose license insurance getting accident ruin future insurance cheaper driver education trusted insurance family driving record don buy car drive parents car awhile stay big engines hot rods buy car student things price pay insurance higher lower live makes difference pay live big city live small town country
going drive cost gas expensive cost gallon gas rising gas future don learn save gas save money part country need think save gas drive think walking riding bike taking bus important trying save gas important thing improve driving habits skills careful driver half gas poor driver let look ways save gas start car don let car idle seconds warm car driving slow speeds sitting wasting gas idling seconds wastes gas car minutes idling gas mile driving start slowly fast jerky fast hot rod starts cost miles gallon gas don drive fast miles hour speed limit saved lives gas driver drives miles hour stay miles hour gallons gas left empty
evening rush hour traffic heavy moving steadily lines cars carrying tired home home magnet attracting nearly traffic stream family relaxed evening meal simple enjoyment home real drama streets houses doctor lines trying hard cool reach critically ill patient nearby fire engine rushed traffic siren screaming begin hazardous trip dangerous job crew delayed fire damage small suffer burns sidewalk intersections small boy walks home books large bag groceries mother nervously glances clock street wishes home father tries concentrate car ahead mind keeps going troublesome business conference wonders boy corner wait light slows girls boy driven home friend car high school students happy chat gaily holidays game parties dance look forward days ahead person caught drama driver car circumstances meets affect persons met
attention material resources rightly devote car highway law basic problems traffic safety lie deep drivers driver successfully navigate poorest roads bad conditions bad driver kill daylight safest superhighways study driver makes tick learn answers important traffic problems nuclear scientist laboratory carefully studies problem hand scientists country closely studying driver mind feelings senses skills learn drive help save lives lives close possibly scientists found drivers common patterns behavior psychological characteristics interesting let close look driver types driving school neighborhood fit groups rare town traffic safety specialists policemen motor vehicle inspectors highway patrolmen truckers professionals recognize psychological characteristics highway hazards automobile insurance companies regard bad risks fact bad risk drivers insurance rates high physical protection protection lives depend driving bad risks
deep respect law feel greatly insulted accused dishonest refuse associate thieves pickpockets muggers lawbreakers understandable laws laws representatives observed strangely grown attitude traffic law feel strong dislike distrust lawbreakers general vaguely sympathize traffic law violator ticket realize traffic laws main purposes efficient street highway prevention accidents continuous violations laws defeat purposes involving accidents law abiding citizens respects exceed speed limit don full stop stop sign obviously perfectly safe unconsciously class traffic laws minor importance morally wrong violate important factors fail recognize violations minor factors accidents violations traffic laws tend encourage drivers extend violations laws involve offenses disobeying traffic laws common pattern behavior knows power lead
noun drug meanings think drug store think drugs medicine discussion thinking drugs internally produce marked individual follows reduction ability reason reduction removal inhibitions causing hopped feelings easing pain relaxation inducing drowsiness today drugs ease tensions worries everyday lives times drive hours drive hours sleep drugs help stay awake benzedrine compounds relieve feeling sleepiness individuals medication awake believe awake periods spite marked fatigue introduces danger drug depended driver believe protected hours driving drugs habit forming addicted slaves problem heavy drinkers drug addicts constitute small number drivers number drivers drugs concern seek awake rest trips means drugs concern share highway popular brands drugs market bought doctor prescription including remedies colds
energy motion called kinetic energy word kinetic comes greek word meaning move objects motion kinetic energy moving automobile kinetic energy energy keeps automobile moving driver releases gas pedal automobile coasts help engine greater speed moving object greater kinetic energy kinetic energy varies square speed means double car speed increase kinetic energy times important fact want stop car stop moving car change kinetic energy form forms energy greater speed kinetic energy change stop change car kinetic energy merely coasting stop kinetic energy decreases air resistance action tires road surface friction moving parts method overcoming kinetic energy takes driving purposes apply brakes quickly friction brakes rapidly change kinetic energy heat heat radiated surrounding atmosphere readily detect heat vicinity brake drums braking tires skid felt tire surfaces smooth straight clean dry road brakes apply brakes change kinetic energy heat stop car rapidly
accident investigators found common accidents vehicle ahead closely enforcement authorities believe leading driver accident driver hits car rear negligent assume closely couldn stop congested highway driver act braking involves car lies danger zone ahead drivers affected necessity avoiding stopping driving frequently traffic road conditions permit choice emergency stop accidents ten twenty thirty vehicles crashed chain reaction leading driver brakes happen preceded crash caused let assume car car interval feet cars moving miles hour traffic lane clear space side pass desires suddenly driver sees hazard front sharp break pavement animal bounding road nearby brush number common occurrences driver brakes forcibly stop light flashes warning sees light recognizes danger pass stop moves foot accelerator brake
assume car pass feet pass need car lengths starting car pulling line front deceptive factor forward movement cars passing operation traveling miles hour driver ahead need seconds pass safely cover feet car lengths remember longer pass tractor trailer means vehicles travel farther passing longer assured clear distance needed suppose oncoming vehicle approaching miles hour travel car lengths passing order sufficient space pass needed car lengths oncoming vehicle mean extremely close call close estimate safely advance allow seconds margin safety mean car lengths needed car lengths imagine cars lined cover feet half mile mean city blocks needed oncoming vehicle safe reasonable passing doubtful estimating distance
city driving special skill heavy traffic narrow streets bewildering number signs signals markings unpredictable movements pedestrians create confusing picture eyes driver venturing absolutely ready learning skill perform act consciously adept accomplish procedure level consciousness frees minds devote attention scene progressed perform hand foot movements automatically ready driving city traffic demand city driving skills getting car street garage frequently car street limited visibility creates major hazard enter car walk look small child object directly car visible person driver seat tragic accidents resulted neglect precaution steps look directions car slowly looking shoulder aware foot especially children position step path stop crossing sidewalk states stop required law
alert driver expect pedestrian accident likely occur pedestrians killed city streets rural roads expect greater traffic density motor vehicles pedestrians fig violate traffic laws crossing streets commonly called obvious crosses street intersections person leaves store middle block side street crosses side starting parked cars chance car approaches pedestrian driver minute note table largest number pedestrians struck traffic crossing streets intersections pedestrians expected cross streets required ordinance cities driver guard pedestrian path sidewalk extended marked extreme alertness substantial number pedestrians disobey traffic signals cross red don walk signals pedestrians struck overanxious drivers jump gun traffic signal changing thoughtless unlawful action give ample clear intersection states drivers stop completely approaching marked person walking
glaring headlights add night driving hazards objects side approaching car difficult car passes vision returns normal safe nighttime driving sure headlights aimed properly level road depressed beams reveal objects feet ahead level oncoming driver eyes sure headlights meet standards light intensity aim checked depress headlights advance meeting cars closely car distance oncoming car depress lights prescribed law reduce speed facing headlight glare drive reduced speed eyes recover glare drive blindly drive slowly extreme glare passed facing headlight glare watch side road stare approaching headlights facing sun light deceiving accumulation dust windshield oncoming cars suddenly similarly sun realize limitations sight imposed drivers coming liberal allowance surprise actions twilight creates special visibility hazards especially turn lights drivers car easily
history tells past famous horsemen depended lives strength stamina horses rode reputations horsemen depended large extent exacting care gave horses veteran combat soldier marine knows possession guard rifle constantly cleaning oiling makes sure clear snow water mud dirt rust makes sense makes sense modern civilian counterpart efficiently maintains machine depends average american lives car financial family closely tied lives depend driven main objectives car maintenance safety economy efficiency vehicle safe operating condition owner performing duty society protecting economy operating efficiency affect family achieve objectives number things taking care car car maintenance divided categories procedures safety procedures designed economy efficiency operation maintenance procedures help achieve important objectives suffers tooth decay dentist person blame trouble follows
cost loans varies widely percent interest bank insurance company percent interest charged lenders pawn shops recommended purchase car buyer deals dishonest dealers loan sharks find paying percent loan credit steady job offer security stocks bonds obtain bank loan regularly employed person makes substantial payment secure loan bank chattel mortgage car means bank holds title car amount borrowed interest paid purchaser owns car obviously lower interest rates charged banks insurance companies policies loan big advantage borrower integrity institutions excellent safeguard general credit standing greater payment arrangement finance car sure understand terms loan sign transaction honest doubt ask lending agency exact filled copies forms required sign read carefully reputable bank insurance company glad explain terms detail
athletics learned precisely movements efficient sport consistent success competition test say common expression tested efficient movements called form form driving car consists tested efficient manner performing act beginner sport driver remember form learned beginning distinct advantages learner profits past trial error experience achieves greater skill shorter avoids consuming dangerous formation bad habits unlearned later hard road instruction car trained teacher important begin basic maneuvers proper form start turn steering wheel half turn form hand grips side steering wheel pushes top continues motion pulling wheel part opposite side circumference hand free crosses hand grip pull wheel pulls continues wheel motion pushing crossing pulling movements repeated
skill needed common driving situations driver complete control able stop instant sure backward path clear visibility rear limited careful backing approached car front look entering ground car visible driver seat child playing shopping center neighboring driver left shopping cart steer car reverse move top wheel direction want rear car turning wheel clockwise steers car turning wheel counterclockwise steers car left direction turning learn practice steering car reverse natural don think turn wheel starting practice backing find firm position steer sure foot pedals position turn head body look window don try steer limited vision mirror general backing left look left shoulder hazard side opposite turn continue glancing direction cleared remembering front car swing opposite direction
final ceremony school called commencement end part lives beginning commencement finished stage superior driver important stage course reached milestone place measure driving progress pause moment consider stand highway picture young strong quick vision hearing older drivers superior topnotch driver finished driver education course topnotch driver making add present advantages miles driving experience continue operate car correct manner required driver education class skill judgment continue improve practice finally professional drivers achieve mature driving attitude surgeon fine musician champion athlete reached top putting skills practice skill judgment required expert driving require training deal practice reached end road ready started drive attention called importance form
book help able cope visual communication overload surrounds eyes targets ads headlines photographs tv movies billboards highway signs letters posters magazines books visual messages persuade visual persuasion direct buy visual persuasion warnings slippery wet visual persuasion subtle think warm beaches airplane fly visual persuasion designed ordinary things ways looking textures depth smoothness hardness aware visual persuasion works living visual prison handbook show survive look book visuals dislike don understand look common topic style ask person class visuals likes disagree likes turns explaining defending choices talk think visuals chose move classroom find visuals dislike explain visuals telling visuals say cover visuals dislike find person change opinion visual looking
visual messages show looks suggest feels skilled receiving visual messages learn feel eyes means explore visual message senses tuned look closely visuals pages happens turn book sideways upside visuals page photographers designed messages create specific moods images begin sense moods feel temperature stone doorway brick wall boys drawing opposite page created tell play midsummer night dream showing characters play image say mood play setting ask questions looking images begin move visual participation designer receive strong clear message participation sender build complex messages receiver feel wood door feel doorknob metal plate photographer put textures feel eyes making statement age doors door look hot dry smell illustration left conveys entirely message texture depth
graphic designers choices typefaces photographs illustrations arrange elements image format communicate full meaning whispering soft acid rock loud funny straight protesting selling graphics makes message range graphic communication mediums illustration photography encourages ways presenting subject successful message designer shapes message fit medium look visual statements hands say strength medium weakness designer say medium say find visual statements hands photographic illustrative compare messages communication sender message receiver talking listening reading writing send receive verbal messages successfully developed visual skills cartoon girl message getting audience maybe poor sender unskilled receivers maybe message difficult conveyed medium case dance read cartoon visual skill read cartoonist message read message opposite page put message easily cartoon classmates interpretations visual audience cartoon
live kinds materials substances substances water living play survival human beings depends manage substances surroundings shortages food fuel oil clean water air examples problems facing scientists continually researching ways controlling materials substances waste science chemistry help design efficient methods natural resources think week witnessed chemistry action experienced incidents chemistry taking place fry egg difference appearance taste touch hand lotion makes skin feel soft smooth paint dries texture appearance change watch candle burning size light heat produced chemistry study occur objects materials chemistry study materials change study chemistry learn materials surroundings affect experimenting laboratory discover chemical makeup materials substances chemical familiar strange character learn
walking past antique shop spot porcelain vase displayed shelf objects consists matter occupies space shelf artist potter special materials clay paints create vase amount quantity clay material needed form desired shape size vase scientist refer measured amount clay material needed vase mass mass amount matter contained object particles clay material stick amount matter potter able mold vase end result porcelain vase occupies space shelf definite mass room space mass things air space mass things objects surroundings forms matter weight measure downward pull earth pull called pull gravity gravity force attraction acts objects result masses force attraction extends entire universe gravitation objects earth pulled weight object strength earth gravity object
substances tiny separate particles called molecules molecules position arrange substance determines substance solid liquid gaseous phase molecules substances constant motion motion spoken terms heat energy phase substance changed adding removing heat energy help explain clearly scientists models demonstrate think nature works comparisons movements dancers movements molecules substance thinking molecules dancers comparing happens dancers dancing fast slow music happens molecules substance temperatures idea molecules move gain energy heat dancers respond beat music comparison help understand happens molecules move ways solid solid phase substance think molecules bunched fixed patterns vibrating molecules motion energy pop set position compare potential dancers sitting auditorium bobbing bouncing music beat remaining seats solid set mass motion liquid consider substance solid
distillation water soft process involves boiling liquid water condensing vapor collecting water droplets forms collected water purer original water distillation leaves substances salts evaporate boiling point water fractional distillation producing pure water separating substances vaporize temperatures volatile substances escape lower temperature water steam low boiling point special distillation continued substances original solution completely separated collected fractional parts method oil industry separate gasoline motor oil crude oil mineral particles water solutions charged small amounts electricity particles electric charges called ions ions interfere experiment chemist wants remove type impurity pass water solution column particles solution remain column replaced particles column jacques cousteau respected ocean scientist researched chemistry seas earth famed oceanographer team researchers fear pollutants slowly surely disturbing delicate balances oceans pollution controlled cooperating countries overcome critical chemical seas
watched loading elevator noon rush hour door opens elevator hold door closes crowded door opens street level pop explosive force molecules gas forced solution manner carbon dioxide gas forced solution pressure solvent hold bubble worth cap put bottle molecules gas pressure remain solution happens cap released especially shaken heated rush exit carbon dioxide gas molecules form bubbles leave solution bubbling action called effervescence discussing solubility gases liquids factors considered pressure temperature think bottle soda zest cap cold gases soluble liquids pressure low temperature happens open warm bottle soda gas rushes solution carbon dioxide forced water pressure according henry law increase pressure carbon dioxide gas forced liquid water carbon dioxide stays solution cap escapes pressure released temperature solution suddenly begins rise
mean say acid tongue word acid describe nature means sour biting sharp tart attitude kind attitude likely cutting harsh chemistry substances acid nature acid type compound type compound characteristics sour cutting harsh word comes latin word means sharp acid substances sharp sour taste common idea acids destructive unpleasant liquids burn skin severely highly corrosive acids idea true concentrated acid solutions eat skin tissue strong corrosive concentrated acids dangerous experienced burns automobile battery acid corrosive strength acid acids corrosive powers acids mild gentle actions citrus fruits owe pleasant tang acids mild dilute acid solutions doctors wash eyes hydrochloric acid strong corrosive stomach dilute solution help digestion acid solutions corrosive harmful acid solutions gentle mild learn wondering holds atoms elements compounds elements combine
attract friends complete need turn give friendship bonds formed holding friendship magic chemistry friendship elements form sort chemical friendship magic giving receiving sharing atoms share complete friendship electrons thing give chemical bonding ordinary electrons elements orbit chemical bonds formed atoms highest energy level electrons highest energy level called valence energy level electrons valence energy level called valence electrons chemical friendship elements compared human friendship elements attracted elements atoms elements form close relationships elements complete elements complete need closer look chemical personalities met person member royal family elements met royal family noble gases completing valence energy level noble gases complete
big chance coach blows whistle called game player conditions job coach substitution choice chemist blows whistle ethane molecule conditions reaction hydroxyl group substituted hydrogen atom alcohol ethanol formed perfume cologne shave lotion ethanol makes solvent volatile evaporates easily alcohol molecules carry fragrance air produce pleasant scent compound job substitutions replacing hydrogen atoms hydroxyl group members alkane series alcohols formed poisons alcohols found lab naturally poisonous denatured small amounts poisonous material added alcohols denatured alcoholic beverages taxed makes expensive ethanol denatured subject tax expensive buy experimental chlorine substituted hydrogen methane molecule chlorine atoms replace hydrogen atoms carbon tetrachloride obtained greek prefix means carbon tetrachloride found dry cleaning solvents cuts grease volatile dangerous solvent volatile vapors injure eyes lungs liver chemists making handling substitution compounds
set ice cube sun watch melt rigid solid structure begins spread ice water molecules begin flow melt heat energy sun molecules forced held tightly separate form puddle water takes energy heat sun force molecules melt temperature compound solid liquid phase called melting point melting point substance tells deal kind bonding indirect method forming valid conclusions atoms ionic solids high melting points takes higher temperature needed boil water break strong electric attractions hold crystal lattice structure stronger attraction energy takes melt solid ionic bonds succeed melting ionic solid melt compared rigid orderly arrangement pile rocks takes lot energy move landslide started move ionic solids higher melting points covalent solids molecular solids covalent bonds low melting points heat energy disturb molecules flow variations range melting points covalent compounds
beginning cold winter young left breakfast table knew weather cold maybe cold working homemade laboratory woodshed place chemistry experiments place oberlin ohio twenty charles martin hall graduated college june courses college chemistry special chemistry offered challenges unknown walked woodshed laboratory remembered chemistry classes professor telling students aluminum charles hall listened carefully professor ending talk gentlemen professor continued properties aluminum metal light strong rustproof abundant metal earth crust problem expensive ore costs separate metal elements largest piece aluminum united states today cap washington monument weighs pounds professor paused looked students find extract aluminum cheaply ore discover method famous service rich person
predictions deal gases working gases relationship volume mass gases important oxygen breathe gas cooking special characteristics special gases volumes gases change temperature pressure familiar temperature pressure pressure force unit area instance notice difference pressure high heel shoe compared flat heel pressure interests chemist atmospheric pressure pressure talking weather report atmospheric pressure force air atmosphere exerts earth measured barometer simply barometer dish mercury closed tube inverted pressure air mercury dish mercury stay tube greater pressure higher mercury rises chemist measures height mercury millimeters talks inches mercury working gases term mm hg millimeters mercury fact gas volumes change temperature pressure change presents problem chemists experiments gases note temperature pressure suppose gas experiment report results
thousands kinds plants animals small seen powerful microscopes carry business taking food digesting giving waste material reproducing growing kinds molecules found living organisms varied nearly element common carbon familiar ad organically grown foods sold connect word organic phrases nature pesticides terms organic inorganic chemistry distinguish groups compounds originally organic describe compounds living matter believed organic compounds mysterious force plants animals according thinking inorganic compounds nonliving substances rocks water believed compounds synthesized put lab inorganic substances living things today definition organic compounds limited substances living organisms organic compounds include substances carbon oxides carbon carbonates living organisms prepared synthetically lab compounds compounds elements hydrogen carbon called hydrocarbons look organic compound shoes socks shirts dresses athletic equipment uniforms
amount water soil effect agricultural kind soil soils sand store water water drains carrying large amounts nutrient minerals removal plant nutrient minerals drainage called leaching soils clays loams abundance finer colloidal particles soils retain water usable plant supply minerals clay soil retains excess water heavy clay soils gummy difficult support plant growing conditions soils repel water manner duck feathers regions rainfall large amounts calcium potassium sodium remain soil minerals washed topsoil leaching colloids adsorb minerals surface colloids dry form colloids completely incapable water soils minerals irrigated found western united states leaching salts washed top soil land usable agriculture eastern part united states forests flourished ground contained rich organic humus heavy rains floods organic colloids colloids inorganic minerals washed lower layers soil kinds colloids formed concentrated layer lower soil
photo phase photosynthesis water split light presence chlorophyll chemical energy stored bonds atp synthesis phase hydrogen molecules water stored chemical energy put chlorophyll test tube shine light photosynthesis occur answer chloroplast leaf place known photosynthesis occur solving mysteries photosynthesis complete scientists continuing research unanswered questions join studying fascinating process animals including exist scientists found grow plants solutions familiar salts growth plants solutions called water culture hydroponics techniques hydroponics provided method minerals needed plant growth determined earth crust hundred minerals ten needed plants quantity needed trace quantities essential elements plant develop elements replace essential elements elements directly involved nutrition plant elements soil easily nitrogen compounds potassium compounds phosphorous compounds compounds need replaced soil grow crops
kinds fibers important chemist tell elements fibers bonded don need chemist tell importance fibers muscle fibers move body nerve fibers carry messages body function fibers discussed chapter twisted threads woven cloth twisted cords ropes natural synthetic threadlike fibers important comfort experiment examine physical properties kinds fibers experiment test chemical nature fibers laboratory experiences noted materials similar chemical structures similarities physical properties simple classification fibers help understand experimental findings fibers grouped general types relate origins animal fibers plant fibers mineral fibers synthetic artificial fibers silk wool major sources animal fiber chemically animal fibers proteins review chemical characteristics proteins cotton flax important fibers plants cotton linen mainly cellulose wide variety synthetic fibers produced chemical treatments raw materials raw materials include wood chips cotton fuzz left cotton seeds coal petroleum products casein milk protein air water salt
sunny hawaii ran path house past taro patch antone house antone cried house top pali trail antone rubbed ear mean empty asked yes empty makes strange noises antone eyes opened wide giant let tell river ran house antone called house top pali trail rubbed chin mean spooky asked yes spooky antone makes strange noises giant eyes opened wide ghost let tell elmer bamboo forest ran elmer house elmer whispered house top pali trail elmer rubbed nose high fence asked yes makes strange noises giant ghost elmer laughed family mice gray mice scurry squeak let led pali trail house top looked empty looked spooky high fence gate shut
climbed top elmer called antone gave yelp jumped green head cried ugly head don believe antone let look climbed top called antone gave yelp jumped big hungry mouth cried sharp teeth forked tongue silly let look climbed top antone tell called elmer gave yelp jumped dragon cried big wicked dragon run pali trail bamboo forest puff puff river puff puff past taro patch puff puff house puff couldn dragon big yellow eyes dragon elmer green head big hungry mouth sharp teeth forked tongue antone let look pali trail creeping softly reached house stood empty spooky gate fence shut whispered look antone stood hole fence climbed top looked hole pop pop crack crack crack crack bang rolling tumbling elmer antone called
ah opened gate dragon twisting turning pali trail ah walking sign boys dragon pair legs looked elmer legs pair looked antone pair looked pair looked legs ho sun illustrator painted pictures story wanted show things hawaii look tell learned hawaii pictures ah live city honolulu photographs honolulu read city article live hawaii live city honolulu honolulu beautiful beaches beach downtown section downtown honolulu buildings going buildings flag hawaii flying flag united states diamond head mountain seen honolulu banyan trees grow parks children play trees flowers flowering trees grow homes warm fish swim pool shopping center ago hawaii ruled kings queens lived palace honolulu hawaii united states honolulu capital hawaii capital building street palace honolulu
building going ben read sign read sign building big tallest building city ben knew building father important ironworker boss ironworkers worked worked top building worked high steel ben dreamed ben high school mother saying college ben college ben don want college want high steel dad ben mother father worked hard lives saved money ben college ben big brother henry didn college worked building ben friends going college ben teacher mrs wright want ben think college yes ben college ball player grades didn books ben asked ben american indian
movie house full seats left rows larry roberts watched guy shoot bad guy fifteenth thought fifteenth movie stinker coming larry job help find seats boy girl larry found spot started foot hard turned flashlight wallet larry picked inside found walter howard found eighty dollars wow larry thought payment car larry hundred dollars bank ma gotten sick larry ma sick lucky job help home week dig savings larry knew thing wallet manager office eddy manager helper office night kid asked found larry handed wallet eddy lucky night eddy took wallet opened think walter howard give turning wallet asked larry don larry wasn thinking
zimmerman manager street movie don need kid going milo lee smiled won ask need job zimmerman lit cigar sat chair re indian feel bad deal country indians country asking summer job let milo lee scratched head zimmerman start popcorn sure thank zimmerman milo kind indian milo manager asked milo grinned indian west milo getting lost chief climbed hill zimmerman nearly laughed head country indians jokes wonderful going give dollars week milo started help mrs smitty popcorn table mrs smitty tottered walked milo important job catch fell mrs smitty saw milo asked indian yes milo scalped mrs smitty tottering
scott thomas left fourth grade seventh grade started grade sixteen oldest boy class wasn lazy wasn bad scott wasn student school worked hard told didn grades eighth grade teacher cuba didn scott saw scott knew scott left times thought scott pretty bad cuba didn help scott school put scott room tall dark skinned boy cuba didn scott didn boys scott stay school sixteen scott stayed school women mother girlfriend marilyn mother wanted eighth grade grade sorry girlfriend marilyn wanted scott stay school big brother drop brother left school eighth grade marilyn told scott wife babies job pays money money dad feel silly scott
fishing morning clock rain boat pond rain street fishing drag sun fish ate worms falling asleep tugged line frost yelled jackie pull half asleep jumped thing knew water swim fish frost pull home dripping wet mrs frost running threw arms frost gave hug didn guy saved glad kind gave hug put dry things jackie mrs frost room change phone rang mrs frost answered heard friend yes betty mrs frost talking phone city boys trouble tenth boy straightened sat bed started thinking frost saved wasn special boy number ten frosts
john lived grandmother fourteen lived grandmother remember story house rooms kitchen living room gram bedroom john slept living room sofa liked light gram bed read homework gram rest john dog named pet pet dog gram company john school john typewriter lots books bike ninth birthday care things gram john friends dave boy class lived door dave helping john build model spaceship science class fine october john raking leaves stopped front house woman wearing bright red dress red shoes john stopped raking pretty woman curly black hair lots movie star woman red walked john smiling red nails smelled flowers suddenly woman held arms baby john cried baby john john backed fell rake
carl wanted girl money think asked friend don think costs lot girl pay bus movies candy eat movies don money carl forget carl tired going places thought girl married girl mind phyllis homeroom science class carl liked phyllis talked didn walk girlfriends school talked carl science thought science carl class sunday afternoons liked downtown natural history museum learned lot science carl liked museum thought rooms rooms showing wild animals sunday carl looking wild animals plains africa big quiet museum room animals looked alive africa carl thought close africa wanted tell
summer city hot stay upstairs downstairs watch kids play hot month standing front crowder grocery crowder ran yell kids store yelled times tell play someplace brother oren yelled play crowder play street don care kids started game stickball street watching brother bat smith kid backed high ball car ran couldn move stood saw took smith kid police car heard leg broken talked rest thinking crowder play street thought kids safe place play talked friends jim paul problem jim problem problem paul asked mean mean kids play street guys brothers sisters
raymond diaz grew east los didn easy grew fighting love ray cars ray car started hang garages liked learned fast remembered learned fifteen ray knew lot cars ray mistake found sports car parked keys took car short ride record hard job ray sixteen pat pat small garage stock cars raced cars money pat gambler money betting races ray knew pat liked boss knew pat big top racing drivers ray wanted race thought maybe pat help driver pat getting dropped big raced cars dirty tracks soon ray learned called dirty tracks big tracks rules drivers stick rules dirty tracks cared rules
rest miles front yesterday relieved bellies full beef haricot beans satisfied peace mess tin full evening double ration sausage bread puts fine trim luck cook head begging eat beckons ladle passes spoons empty stew pot coffee muller produced wash basins filled brim reserve muller foresight puts mystery thin rake important issue double ration smokes ten cigars twenty cigarettes chew decent exchanged chewing tobacco cigarettes means forty altogether true windfall prussian generous thank fourteen days ago relieve front line fairly quiet sector quartermaster remained rear requisitioned usual quantity rations provided full company hundred fifty
going pack things need dressing station activity carbolic ether sweat accustomed makes feel faint ask lies large room receives feeble expressions joy helpless agitation unconscious stolen watch muller shakes head told carry watch muller crude tactless hold tongue place finds watch difference able send goes franz asks head sinks bad damned pain foot look bed covering leg lies wire basket bed covering arches kick muller shin tell orderlies told lost foot leg amputated looks ghastly yellow wan face strained lines seen hundreds times lines marks skin longer pulses pressed boundaries body
sit bed sinking steadily commotion hospital train arrived wounded fit moved selected doctor passes bed looking franz say raises pillow elbows amputated leg knows nod answer thankful silent resume legs franz lost arm worse going home looks think course think repeats sure operation beckons bend stoop whispers don think don talk rubbish franz couple days anyway amputated leg patch worse things lifts hand look fingers result operation eat decently soon look properly points dish half full excited franz eat eating main thing looks turns pause says slowly wanted head forester assure splendid artificial limbs missing
goes things quieter cries cease albert ask couple columns neck cries continue cry terribly wounded horses says unendurable moaning creation wild anguish filled terror groaning pale stands god god sake shoot farmer fond horses skin deliberately fire dies screaming beasts louder longer distinguish quiet silvery landscape comes ghostly invisible heaven earth rolls immeasurably raves yells shoot shoot damn look says quietly stand try animals able endure muller pair glasses dark group bearers stretchers larger black clumps moving wounded horses gallop distance fall run farther belly ripped open guts trail tangled falls stands raises gun aims hits air
shelling ceased drag crater tell masks lift wounded taking splintered arm stumble hastily graveyard mass wreckage coffins corpses lie strewn killed flung saved hedge destroyed rails light railway torn rise stiffly air arches lies front stop goes wounded ground recruit hip covered blood exhausted feel water bottle rum tea restrains hand stoops comrade eyes move weak answer cut trousers carefully groans gently gently hit stomach drink vomiting sign lay hip bare mass mincemeat bone splinters joint hit lad won walk wet temples moistened finger give swig eyes move arm bleeding spreads wads dressing wide cover wound
muller finished tackles albert home contented accommodating class exactly count twenty dead wounded mad house makes twelve privates lieutenants says muller think let sit guess wouldn let sat matter mean fold theme william tell says roars laughter purpose poetic league asks muller suddenly earnestly children charles bald interrupt gently croaks muller battle wants lack studious mind sit minus wink offices consider important asks muller pretending nez germans fear god germans fear god submit inhabitants melbourne asks muller expect succeed don ask albert hotly caps meant cohesion remember mighty rubbish anyway slightest school taught light cigarette storm rain fire wet wood stick bayonet belly jammed ribs
evening benediction begins night comes craters rise mists looks holes full ghostly secrets white vapour creeps painfully round ventures steal edge streaks stretch crater crater chilly sentry stare darkness strength exhausted attack hard thoughts properly thoughts memories weakness turn homeward strangely move parachute lights shoot upwards picture summer evening cathedral cloister look tall rose trees bloom middle cloister garden monks lie buried walls stone carvings stations cross quietness rules blossoming sun lies warm heavy grey stones place hand feel warmth hand corner green cathedral spire pale blue sky evening glowing columns cloister cool darkness churches stand wonder twenty experienced bewildering emotions love image alarmingly touches dissolves light star shell lay hold rifle trim
suddenly shelling begins pound soon sitting rigid tenseness blank anticipation attack counter attack charge repulse words things signify lost recruits reinforcements sector regiments composed young fellows called training field theoretical knowledge hand grenade true idea cover important eye fold ground eighteen inches high need reinforcement recruits give trouble worth helpless grim fighting area fall flies present method fighting posts demands knowledge experience feeling contours ground ear sound character shells able decide drop burst shelter young recruits course things killed simply tell high explosive listening anxiously roar big coal boxes falling rear miss light piping whistle low spreading daisy cutters
ago army theatre parts coloured posters performances sticking hoarding wide eyes stand front credit things exist girl light summer dress red patent leather belt hips standing hand railing holds straw hat wears white stockings white shoes fine buckle shoes high heels smiles blue lake white horses side bright bay lovely girl delicate nose red lips slender legs wonderfully clean cared certainly bathes dirt nails bit sand beach stands white trousers blue jacket sailor cap interests girl poster wonder forgotten things believe eyes seen happiness beauty joy peace feel excited look thin shoes couldn march miles say begin feel silly absurd stand front picture think marching
news ready spot tells called territorial think says takes couple cigars hospital bump stretches paw hullo look say territorial business business stand attention speak superior officer seen face cross pickled cucumber tried chum snubbed bit harder brought biggest guns asked confidentially influence emergency exam trying remind things mad reminded territorial ago preached enlisting joseph didn want enlist killed months called ordinary lived longer dismiss hear later easy put charge company thing stores fit suitable equipment
evening home silent bed early seize pillow press bury head knows lie feather bed late night mother comes room thinks asleep pretend talk stay awake hard sits night pain bear longer pretend wakened sleep mother catch cold sleep later says sit don straight front mother weeks training camp sunday silent asks gently afraid mother tell guard women france ah mother mother think child put head lap weep strong controlled weep comforted child wardrobe hang short boy trousers ago women mother say calmly
travel days sky roll past transport lines guns guns light railway picks search regiment knows exactly lies put night receive provisions vague instructions pack rifle set longer devastated place hear flying divisions pushed hottest sound cheerful tell heavy losses inquire albert knows search farther wander wonderful feeling night camp red indian definite information afternoon able report orderly room sergeant major company comes days object sending leave asks pretty eh parts say yes sighs yes didn half messed loaf company comes early morning grey dirty soured gloomy
gradually venture stand crutches hobble bear albert gaze move room eyes follow strange look escape corridor move freely floor abdominal spine cases head wounds double amputations side wing jaw wounds gas cases nose ear neck wounds left blind lung wounds pelvis wounds wounds joints wounds testicles wounds intestines realizes places hit fellows die tetanus skin turns pale limbs stiffen eyes live stubbornly wounded shattered limbs hanging free air gallows underneath wound basin pus drips hours vessel emptied lie stretching bandages heavy weights hanging end bed intestine wounds constantly full surgeon clerk shows ray photographs completely smashed hip bones knees shoulders realize shattered bodies human faces goes daily round hospital single station hundreds thousands germany hundreds thousands france hundreds thousands russia
muller dead shot point blank light stomach lived half hour conscious terrible pain died handed pocketbook bequeathed boots inherited wear fit promised able bury muller likely remain undisturbed lines falling fresh english american regiments corned beef white bread guns emaciated starved food bad mixed substitute stuff makes ill factory owners germany grown wealthy dysentery dissolves bowels poles densely crowded home shown grey yellow miserable wasted faces bent figures bodies colic blood lips trembling distorted pain grin say sense pulling trousers artillery fired shells barrels worn shoot uncertainly scatter widely fall horses fresh troops boys need rest carry pack merely die
autumn hands left fellows class talks peace armistice wait proves illusion break hope high upheaval peace revolution fourteen days rest swallowed bit gas garden sit sun armistice coming soon believe home thoughts stop farther meets floods feelings greed love home yearning blood intoxication deliverance aims returned home suffering strength experiences unleashed storm weary broken burnt rootless hope able find understand generation grew passed home calling return occupations war forgotten generation grown strange push superfluous grow older adapt merely submit bewildered pass end fall ruin
thousands centuries centuries human races evolving forming communities building beginnings national civilizations africa asia europe continents americas stood empty mankind works human species born western hemisphere find waves immigration asia beginning ago europe africa beginning sixteenth century humans americas awestruck europeans ago called story unlike part globe story immigrants women courage vision ambition greed enchanted promise unknown land driven desire escape hardships land knew story thousands millions left comfortable familiar predictable seek future strange hostile challenging story creation civilization existed earliest wave human settlement women arrived america millennia ago western alaska presumably nomadic hunters eastern siberia crossed narrow bering strait land spreading southward peopled north central south america
unlike fields scholarship history exact science establish certainty basic facts history united states declared independence north won civil war atomic bomb detonated wide disagreement remains remain significance facts ways viewing historical event historians viewing reading history important ask facts author presenting choosing interpreting facts historians disagree reasons backgrounds bring attitudes exploration issues black historian look american revolution terms significance members race draw conclusions differ white historian southerner view reconstruction terms northerner social religious racial ethnic sexual differences historians contribute shaping distinctive points view historians disagree result methods explore subjects scholar choose examine slavery psychological techniques reach conclusions employing quantitative methods making computer history unusually integrative discipline employs methods ideas fields knowledge ranging science humanities economics literary criticism historian enormous range techniques produce distinctive results
half eighteenth century colonies continued governed king parliament asserted supremacy king theoretically parliament represented interests kingdom empire actually represented interests merchants landholders england objected ambitious scheme imperial reorganization require large expenditures increase taxes diminish profit colonial trade reigns george george ii german born real executive england beginning prime minister fellow cabinet ministers held places king favor ability control majority parliament prime ministers robert walpole believed relaxation trade restrictions colonies enable buy english goods benefit england merchants walpole deliberately refrained attempting strict enforcement navigation acts policy salutary neglect continue outbreak french indian war administration colonial affairs remained decentralized inefficient england separate full colonial office nearest equivalent board trade plantations set board mere advisory body recommendations privy council central agency administration privy council war department lords admiralty treasury officials actual decisions
respects american cultural early eighteenth century reflect republican vision nation future opportunities education increased nation literary artistic began free european influences american religion began confront adjust spread enlightenment rationalism respects united states developing culture challenged republican ideals central republican vision america concept virtuous enlightened citizenry ignorant electorate believed trusted preserve democracy education essential jefferson called emphatically national crusade ignorance republicans believed creation nationwide system public schools citizens receive free educations hopes fulfilled states endorsed principle public education actually created working system free schools massachusetts law reaffirmed colonial laws town obliged support school enforcement lax meaningless boston public schools poorly housed virginia jefferson wartime governor proposed plan elementary education provided higher education gifted war legislature enact proposal law late decade republican ascendancy nation politics single comprehensive public school system
britain preoccupied mighty struggle napoleon paid attention american war saw mere annoyance fall napoleon launched russian campaign winter bring disaster prepare ultimate defeat months passed britain able divert military naval power america conquest canada supposedly mere matter marching thomas jefferson put soon proved exercise frustration pronged invasion planned strike canada detroit niagara river lake champlain greatest concentration force detroit marching canada elderly general william hull governor michigan territory retreated detroit surrendered fort august invasion efforts failed fort dearborn chicago fell indian attack disaster defeat land madison administration supporters took consolation news successes sea american frigates engaged british warships series won spectacular victories renowned victory constitution guerriere american privateers destroyed captured british merchant ship occasionally braving coastal waters british isles burning vessels sight shore score british navy drove american frigates cover instituted close blockade united states
supreme court asserting american nationalism shaping country economic monroe administration expressing nationalism shaping foreign policy earlier later central concern united states position relation europe defining position americans forced develop policy latin america suddenly winning independence citizens united states south central america constitute dark continent war suddenly emerged light americans looking southward beheld gigantic spectacle spanish empire struggling death throes continent revolt nations making future foresee profitable trade developed ports united states rio de la plata argentina chile cuba flour staples exported return sugar coins trade smaller britain american trade growing steadily depression held business general presumably trade increase faster united states established regular diplomatic commercial relations countries revolt united states proclaimed neutrality wars spain rebellious colonies neutrality advantageous rebels implied partial recognition status nations
controversy return fugitive slaves efforts extend american dominion abroad sectional tensions alive early fully revived crisis north south issue produced place slavery territories line frontier settlement moved west bend missouri river boundaries minnesota iowa missouri stretched expanse plains americans believed unfit cultivation widely known american desert nation assigned indian tribes dislodged fertile lands east apparent large sections region fact suitable farming states northwest pressure began build efforts extend settlement westward prospective settlers urged government open area provide territorial government despite solemn assurance united states earlier indians sanctity reservations dislodge tribes room white interest settlement raised divisive issues gradually entwined railroads slavery nation expanded westward problem communication older states called trans mississippi west areas west mississippi river critical result idea building transcontinental railroad gradually gained favor congress
debate civil war began war senator william seward york took note competing explanations sectional tensions inflaming nation side claimed stood believed sectional hostility accidental unnecessary interested fanatical agitators opposing stood believed irrepressible conflict opposing enduring forces realize seward drawing outlines debate survive historians century irrepressible conflict argument dominate historical discussion decades fighting histories civil war generally reflected views northerners participated conflict war appeared stark moral conflict south clearly blame henry wilson history rise fall slave power title suggests vivid version moral interpretation war argued northerners fought preserve union system free labor aggressive designs slave power temperate interpretation reached generally conclusions emerged histories war written preeminent volume history united states compromise james ford rhodes
fondest dream southern leaders post reconstruction era region home vigorous industrial economy south lost war argued economy unable compete modernized manufacturing capacity north region task yankee yankees influential spokesmen prominent henry grady editor atlanta constitution espoused southern creed preached virtues thrift industry progress qualities prewar southerners denounced northern society sown towns cities place theories grady boasted england audience put business politics fallen love boasts merit southern industry expanded dramatically reconstruction important part region economy visible growth textile manufacturing past southern cotton shipped region manufacturers north europe textile factories appeared south number spindles region increased percent twenty century tobacco industry similarly established important foothold region largely james duke north carolina american tobacco company virtual monopoly processing raw tobacco marketable smoking materials
election approached republicans gloating failure democrats deal effectively economic crisis social chaos emerged confident success question importance appeared confront identity president marcus hanna boss ohio machine soon national boss party wealthy industrialist aspired president maker represented type politics businessman held office actively manipulated parties remaining background paying money services rendered picked grooming carefully william mckinley governor ohio congressman author tariff act convention met hanna lined middle western southern delegations nominate mckinley occasion presented candidate bill mckinley advance agent prosperity champion protection american producers platform finally framed endorsed protective tariff completely questions income tax railroad trust abuses labor injunctions opposed free coinage silver international agreement leading commercial nations countries britain unlikely abandon gold standard republicans effect supporting gold thirty delegates mountain plains states walked currency plank adopted
sooner later progressive goals required involvement government social workers wanted laws protect woman child workers improve conditions professionals advocated legal standards admission practice law medicine urged legislative solutions problems power trusts destructive effects cutthroat competition government progressives agreed provide centralized regulation control impose order justice modern society american government dawn century progressives believed peculiarly ill adapted perform ambitious tasks level political institutions outmoded inefficient corrupt words society effectively reformed reform government cities progressives believed posed greatest challenge american society city government target working political reform settlement houses social workers scholars attempted focus attention urban problems need governmental combat breed journalists arousing public outrage rampant corruption incompetence city government muckrakers called leveled harshly polemical carefully researched attacks evils boss rule trusts corporations benefiting rise mass circulation newspapers magazines attracted wide attention young journalists achieved wide renown muckraking included ida tarbell ray stannard baker samuel hopkins adams william allen white upton sinclair
armies sides europe decimated exhausted woodrow wilson declaration war german early failed produce end struggle french british accomplished adding appalling number casualties ghastly stalemate continued allies looked desperately united states provide chance victory americans eager oblige wilson called nation wage war stint limit spirit american government proceeded launch massive campaigns german submarines atlantic german armies france mobilize nation economic resources grand scale conflicts sea brought united states war naval struggle american participation effect spring britain suffering vast losses attacks german submarines ships embarking british ports returned ability continue vital supplies atlantic coming question weeks joining war united states begun alter balance fleet american destroyers aided british navy assault boats american warships escorted merchant vessels atlantic united states assistance crucial sowing antisubmarine mines north sea results dramatic sinkings allied ships totaled nearly tons month april december figure dropped october declined
american public comfort personality performance kennedy successor white house lyndon johnson native texas johnson entered public administrator deal national youth administration young congressman personal ties franklin roosevelt twelve house won election united states senate carefully cultivating favor party leaders rose steadily influence senate majority leader brought post bring presidency remarkable level energy legendary ability persuade cajole colleagues lead failed win democratic nomination president surprised knew agreeing accept position ticket kennedy events dallas thrust white house johnson personality kennedy tall gawky inelegant public speech antithesis modern media politician kennedy smooth urbane johnson coarse crude kennedy personally reticent polite johnson effusive garrulous times viciously cruel kennedy johnson believed active power proved end effective predecessor translating goals reality johnson ability manage congress provided vivid contrast kennedy
numerous visible indian minority hispanic americans fastest growing minority group nation hispanics numbered slightly million increased million estimates numbers nearly million making largest minority blacks country poorest hispanics course single undifferentiated group large numbers puerto rican background concentrated york city substantial cuban population settled florida largely result wave middle class refugees fled castro regime early flood poorer immigrants arrived castro temporarily lifted exit restrictions numerous group mexican americans lived california texas states southwest uncounted number million according estimates illegal immigrants temporary migrant workers braceros descendants families living mexican territory incorporated united states nineteenth century blacks indians hispanic americans responded highly charged climate developing sense ethnic identification organizing political economic power successes impressive affluent hispanics important force miami operated major businesses filled influential positions professions los organized influential political group southwest elected mexican americans seats congress
accumulated frustrations decade culminate events months full united states experienced sense cascading crisis events wrenching disruptive twelve equally debilitating nation pride confidence home abroad america facing evidence accelerating decline thirty united states provided political support recently massive military assistance government shah iran depending nation bulwark soviet expansion middle east shah deep trouble reaping harvest unpopular policies iranians resented repressive authoritarian tactics shah maintained autocratic rule savak monarch secret police torture arbitrary imprisonment stifle dissent aroused hatred shah earning animosity islamic clergy rapid efforts modernize fundamentalist society combination resentments produced powerful revolutionary movement january finally shah fled country uncertain exile united states supported shah end caught unawares fall power carter administration aware apparently deep resentments iranian continued harbor america hated symbol western intrusion society
important phase training began weeks hard shape recognition sounds shapes pictures real pictures recognize simplest exercises picture clear photograph rat suppose felt sure picture shown screen looked picture recognized shape flashed screen sort half circle straight lines seen voice began voice tinny sound record repeating dozen times shape disappeared screen picture rat triangle legs voice began aiee aiee aiee shape disappeared screen cross voice tea tea tea shapes appeared record aiee tea rat recognized going teaching read symbols picture letters idea clear course didn reading learned recognize shapes easily
looked opportunity pay debt owed debt englishman ago china service small american child child englishman charles dickens pay debt write charles dickens american child china picture child living mission bungalow hill remote chinese countryside rice fields distance wound deep golden river yangtse terrifying sinister delightful exciting moments child spent river loved crawl banks linger villages boat folk wandered small strange farm folk lived houses fields meal accepted bowl rice cabbage sat sat silence listening kindly teasing laughter yellow curls unfortunate blue eyes thought ugly knew grew tiny child bigger child knowing kindly kind knew foreign wondered folk looked played
queer sultry summer summer electrocuted rosenbergs didn york stupid executions idea electrocuted makes sick read papers goggle eyed headlines staring street corner fusty peanut smelling mouth subway couldn help wondering burned alive nerves thought worst thing york bad morning fake country wet freshness seeped overnight evaporated tail end sweet dream mirage gray bottom granite canyons hot streets wavered sun car tops sizzled glittered dry dust blew eyes throat hearing rosenbergs radio office till couldn mind saw weeks afterward head left floated eggs bacon breakfast face buddy willard responsible seeing place pretty soon felt carrying head string black balloon stinking vinegar
wouldn missed lenny place built exactly inside ranch middle york apartment house partitions knocked place broaden pine panel walls fit special pine paneled bar shape horseshoe think floor pine paneled white bearskins lay underfoot furniture lot low beds covered indian rugs pictures hung walls antlers buffalo horns stuffed rabbit head lenny jutted thumb meek gray muzzle stiff jackrabbit ears ran las vegas walked room cowboy boots echoing pistol shots acoustics grew smaller smaller vanished door distance music started air side stopped heard lenny voice say twelve clock disc jock lenny shepherd roundup tops pops number ten wagon train week yaller haired gal lately sunflower card card bet listen elly favor think elly
arrayed ladies banquet table yellow green avocado pear halves stuffed crabmeat mayonnaise platters rare roast beef cold chicken cut glass bowl heaped black caviar eat breakfast hotel cafeteria morning cup coffee bitter nose curl starving york eaten proper restaurant don count howard johnson french fries cheeseburgers vanilla buddy willard sure love food matter eat put weight exception weight ten favorite dishes full butter cheese sour cream york free magazine visiting celebrities developed habit running eye huge handwritten menus tiny side dish peas cost fifty sixty cents picked richest expensive dishes ordered string expense accounts felt guilty point eating fast waiting generally ordered chef salad grapefruit juice trying reduce met york trying reduce want welcome prettiest smartest bunch young ladies staff luck meet plump bald master ceremonies wheezed lapel microphone
reached book ladies opened card fell front card showed poodle flowered sitting poodle basket sad face inside card showed poodle lying basket smile sound asleep embroidered lots lots rest bottom card written quick friends ladies lavender ink flipped story finally story fig tree fig tree grew green lawn house jewish convent jewish beautiful dark nun meeting tree pick ripe figs saw egg hatching bird nest branch tree watched bird peck egg touched backs hands nun didn pick figs jewish mean faced catholic kitchen maid pick counted figs picked sure picked furious thought lovely story especially part fig tree winter snow fig tree spring green fruit
begging buddy show interesting hospital sights friday cut classes weekend gave works started dressing white coat sitting tall stool room cadavers buddy friends cut cadavers unhuman looking didn bother bit stiff leathery purple black skin smelt pickle jars buddy took hall big glass bottles full babies died born baby bottle large white head bent tiny curled body size frog baby bottle bigger baby bigger baby bottle size normal baby looking smiling piggy smile proud calm stared gruesome things jumped leaned elbow buddy stomach watch dissect lung minute felt burning sensation elbow occurred half alive warm leapt stool small exclamation
course short handsome light brown hair dark blue eyes lively challenging expression american tan teeth tell straight wasn american met intuition start guessed wasn mrs willard raised eyebrow dropped dry laugh pretty soon openly raking mrs willard coals thought won mind tall don languages haven europe stuff drove un green convertible cracked comfortable brown leather seats top told tan playing tennis sitting side side flying streets open sun took hand squeezed felt happier running hot white beaches father summer died sat hushed plush auditoriums un stern muscular russian girl makeup simultaneous interpreter thought strange occurred purely happy
lovely hat half expected hilda turn say sound sick extended retracted neck yes night seen play heroine possessed spoke mouth voice sounded deep couldn tell woman hilda voice sounded voice stared reflection shop windows sure moment moment continued exist silence profound thought part fault awful rosenbergs rosenbergs electrocuted late night yes hilda felt touched human string cat cradle heart waited tomblike morning gloom conference room hilda amplified yes awful alive yawned pale orange mouth opened large darkness fascinated stared blind cave face lips met moved spoke hiding place glad re going die give smile sat pink velvet jay office holding paper rose facing magazine photographer
marco led french doors garden lights voices spilled ballroom window yards darkness drew barricade sealed infinitesimal glow stars trees flowers cool odors moon box hedges shut deserted golf course stretched hilly clumps trees felt desolate familiarity scene country club dance lawn single cricket didn wealthy suburbs york marco produced slim cigar silver lighter shape bullet set cigar lips bent small flare face exaggerated shadows planes light looked alien pained refugee watched love minute marco didn say simply opened mouth breathed blue ring perfect laughed ring widened blurred ghost pale dark air love cousin felt surprise don marry impossible marco shrugged cousin going nun beautiful touch love course paused obstacle unreal
dodo conway catholic barnard married architect columbia catholic big rambling house street set morbid facade pine trees surrounded scooters tricycles doll carriages toy fire trucks baseball bats badminton nets croquet hamster cages spaniel puppies sprawling paraphernalia suburban childhood dodo interested spite house unlike neighborhood size bigger color story constructed dark brown clapboard gray stucco studded gray purple golf ball shaped stones pine trees completely screened view considered unsociable community adjoining lawns friendly waist high hedges dodo raised children doubt raise seventh rice krispies peanut butter marshmallow sandwiches vanilla ice cream gallon gallon hoods milk special discount local milkman loved dodo swelling size family talk neighborhood older mother children younger prosperous dodo verge seventh considered excessive course dodo catholic watched dodo wheel youngest conway benefit
log sat lead heavy smelled tar stout gray cylinder water tower commanding hill sandbar curved sea high tide bar completely submerged remembered sandbar harbored crook curve shell found beach shell thick smooth big thumb joint white pink peach colored resembled sort modest conch mummy girl sitting looked idly saw small sandy child dragged sea edge skinny bird eyed woman red shorts red white polka dot halter counted beach overrun summer ten absence fancy blue pink pale green shanties sprung flat sands point crop tasteless mushrooms silver airplanes cigar shaped blimps jets scoured rooftops loud airport bay girl beach skirt high heels occurred stand removed patent leather shoes foundered badly sand pleased think perched silver log pointing sea sort soul compass dead
morning tried hang silk cord mother yellow bathrobe soon left amber shade bedroom fashioned knot slipped took poor knots idea proper hunted place attach rope trouble house wrong kind ceilings ceilings low white smoothly plastered light fixture wood beam sight thought longing house grandmother sold live aunt libby grandmother house built fine nineteenth century style lofty rooms sturdy chandelier brackets high closets stout rails attic full trunks parrot cages dressmakers overhead beams thick ship timbers house sold didn house discouraging walking silk cord dangling neck yellow cat tail finding place fasten sat edge mother bed tried pulling cord tight cord tight feel rushing ears flush blood face hands weaken let
knew minute car tires crunched drive sound motor faded jumped bed hurried white blouse green figured skirt black raincoat raincoat felt damp soon cease matter downstairs picked pale blue envelope dining room table scrawled large painstaking letters going walk propped message mother minute laughed forgotten important thing ran upstairs dragged chair mother closet climbed reached small green top shelf torn metal cover bare hands lock feeble wanted things calm orderly pulled mother upper hand bureau drawer slipped blue jewelry box hiding place scented irish linen handkerchiefs key dark velvet unlocked took bottle pills hoped fifty waited mother doled night night fifty nights save fifty nights college opened brother germany late
receptionist glanced blushed fitting kindly wanted sure charge student ye es half price dollars ten bill give home address bill arrived thought mother opening bill seeing address innocuous box number didn want advertise fact lived asylum thought receptionist recognize box number pay peeled dollar notes roll pocketbook dollars part guinea sort present wondered think knew money put knew guinea buying freedom hate thought thumb told doctor nolan worry baby hanging head big stick line act differently didn worry baby yes told doctor nolan married woman lawyer defense chastity
doctor nolan bluntly lot treat gingerly avoid leper warning bell mother face floated mind pale reproachful moon visit asylum twentieth birthday daughter asylum obviously decided forgive left esther sweet martyr smile act bad dream bad dream person bell jar blank stopped dead baby bad dream bad dream remembered remembered cadavers story fig tree marco diamond sailor common doctor gordon wall eyed nurse broken thermometers negro kinds beans twenty pounds gained insulin rock bulged sky sea gray skull maybe forgetfulness kind snow numb cover part landscape smiling snow capped nurse poked head door confused thought college spruce white furniture white view trees hills improvement room nicked chairs desk outlook bald quad
packed snow creaked underfoot hear musical trickle drip noon sun thawed icicles snow crusts glaze nightfall shadows massed black pines lavender bright light walked valerie awhile familiar labyrinth shoveled asylum paths doctors nurses patients passing adjoining paths moving cut waist piled snow interviews valerie snorted re re going let let hope front bye valerie calm face bad happen walked breath coming white puffs sun filled air valerie cheerful cry seeing thought wasn sure wasn sure someday college europe bell jar stifling distortions wouldn descend buddy revenge digging car stand wonder marry esther shoveling snow mound blinking stinging loose flakes wonder marry esther buddy gesture encompassed hill pines severe snow gabled buildings breaking rolling landscape
relationships organisms surroundings start study select kind organism rabbits turning land environment mentioned records animals living site biology class investigated rabbits turn suburbs largest cities living door stoops rabbit needs place hide important nature ideal place wild raspberry bush knows raspberry bushes jam thorns tear clothes discourage animals chasing rabbits rabbit raspberry bush important rabbit need eat raspberries rabbit reach birds insects eaten fruit raspberry leaves tasty rabbit rabbit ventures hiding place looking grass leafy green food nearest patch native grasses nearest animal eats rabbits rabbit begins munch grass blades fox spied rabbit movement bearing silently rabbit suddenly rabbit looks alarm rabbit goes fox chase leads field nearby farm quick thinking rabbit science offered hypothesis investigated conclusion
chapter opportunity explore questions biology individual organisms grouped populations populations change density populations calculated environmental factors affect population size principles biological investigation study populations illustrate general processes occur separate packages package carry processes body separate distinct processes bodies parents brothers sisters person individual cow herd bee hive tree forest individuals close distance flock ducks pond look single living mass course startle flock flight individuals difficult untangle individual grass plants lawn look figure small organisms waving tentacles organism separate individual examine coral closely find tentacle waving organisms connected individual mass individual difficulty break piece geranium put soil piece grow individual watch chick hatch egg laid hen
study populations interactions populations environment major generalizations organisms introduced favorable environment characteristic pattern growth follows initial growth period population closed system develops differently population open system populations open systems fluctuate upper lower limits swing greater lesser numbers need explore generalization limits fluctuations population lower side information helps answer question size population reach saying population extinct study heath hens investigation suggested factors result limits population upper side factors discussing population stop growing run size population limited amount matter energy resources population large water food grow larger number individuals space support resources called carrying capacity carrying capacity space constant fluctuates solar energy producers summer winter water desert plants animals rare heavy rainfalls
plants class ferns lack seeds reproductive structures times small brown spots develop undersides fern leaflets special leaves spot consists group knob shaped cases large numbers spores microscopic size spores simpler seeds spore embryo small amount food spore case ripe opens throws spores air spores light carried incredible distances wind spore falls suitably moist place germinates develops rapidly thin green heart shaped plant rarely cm diameter small plant seldom noticed woods familiar fern large leaves small plant conspicuous spore bearing fern plant eventually grows spore comes small plant produces large plant produces spores cycle ferns ferns native united states shade dwelling perennials underground roots stems stems sets upright leaves ground spring hawaii tropics species ferns stems grow upright tree ferns reach height club moss subdivision includes low growing evergreen plants seldom cm tall
ray collins science professor university california berkeley teaches biology botany ray person studies fungi special interest cycle mating habits slime molds pioneer field research ray collins born raised farm louisiana depression brothers ray worked fields father farm later father busy carpentry working butcher shop ray took charge farm wasn satisfied ray jumped chance dog cat hospital big city houston fascinated scientific names animal diseases hospital reason ray decided college study biology giant step ray family university ray remember distinctly scientific experiment experiment diffusion plastic tubing ray pig bladder measure results metric rule biology course collins found answers questions asked lived farm reason moss grew north side trees decaying logs seen oozing liquid ray thought
dandelions lawn rats neighborhood organisms immigrants continent geographic ranges permanent biosphere constantly changing dandelions rats exist today evidence able exist environmental conditions continent visitors florida buy small souvenirs carry northward england middle west pets grow larger bothersome dumped nearest river pond going ohio connecticut rivers adult living determines survival species ecosystem survival mean mere existence means active living growing reproducing individuals able exist environment species part ecosystem species continues grow reproduce ecosystem member evident survive northern united states household geranium left outdoors minnesota winter dies exposed cage july sun georgia dies household geraniums tolerate periods freezing temperatures tolerate periods high temperatures tolerance ability individual species withstand environmental conditions working measurable environmental factor experiment determine tolerance limits species
strata layers sedimentary rocks piled pages book general oldest strata bottom newest top geologists think oldest rock strata billion strata interesting paleontologists record history living things layered book earth easy read thing pages blank sedimentary strata fossils organisms existed place blank strata formed conditions favorable preservation fossils reconstruct record paleontologists match strata place strata figure dead organisms decomposed rapidly seldom fossilized history earth strata subjected breaking folding sliding occasionally folding older strata pushed younger fossils eroded older stratum younger place earth surface strata found makes fossil history book difficult interpret paleontologists pieced information parts able put known rock strata sequence say devonian strata older cretaceous miocene rocks younger figure
studying fossils paleontologists picture varying detail living things ecosystems past develop concepts influence ways think examine large collection fossils impressed change especially true fossils arranged chronological order occurred single species organisms ecosystems changed coal age swamp pennsylvania dry hilly oak forest ecosystem examples ecological succession involving centuries involved millions species died left descendants merely changed generations longer recognizable species suspect advanced forms geological period give rise advanced forms fossil record support view mammals considered advanced reptiles reptiles advanced mesozoic give rise mammals cenozoic contrary ancestors gave rise reptiles apparently ancestors mammals figure ancestors mammals primitive advanced reptiles fossil record shows abundant evidence change evidence stability paleozoic seas found century oceans
cell division offspring cells separate remain case unicellular individuals cell duplication reproduction individual offspring cells remain repeated divisions result group connected cells multicellular organisms grow cells organisms remain approximately alike instance algae masses indefinite size similar cells hand cells multicellular organism case groups cells formed individual group similar cells trees groups leaf cells bark cells root cells buried paragraph paradox reasoned page process mitosis ensures offspring cells identical characteristics cells single organism multicellular organism oak tree cow human develops single cell adults cells kinds process developmental change immature mature form called differentiation past ingenious experiments provided biologists information puzzle differentiation clear differentiation involves primary factors involves selective information stored chromosomes involves ways neighboring cells affect developing organism
cell multicellular organism cells part cell environment environment external cell internal multicellular organism paradoxical idea internal environment internal environment cell includes neighboring cells body fluids fluids cell seawater sea animal source requirements place wastes returned major concepts book homeostasis swinging balance held limits mechanisms observe homeostasis inside organism ecosystem freshwater land animals primary function homeostatic mechanisms regulate body fluids mechanisms maintain stable fluid environment cell stable seawater marine organism consider homeostatic regulation glucose human blood large meal digestion forms large amount glucose small intestine absorbed blood stay figure shows blood glucose travels capillaries digestive system directly liver glucose excess percent solution removed changed polysaccharide glycogen stored liver cells meal carbohydrates large amount glucose produced
behavior pets animals notice behavior plants protists merely watching necessarily scientific observation behavior action observing especially difficult motion pictures help provided method verification essential science laboratory biologist learn organism laboratory experiments tell organism natural setting ethologists biologists study animal behavior try test hypotheses making observations controlled conditions controlled experiments performed laboratories field experiments control conditions difficult scientists study human behavior called psychologists experiments laboratories experimental study human behavior difficult psychologists study organisms psychologists ethologists disagree conclusions concepts increases knowledge differences viewpoint lessening times biologists difficulties drawing conclusions data fitting conclusions investigators job interpretation giving meaning observations behavioral scientists special problems consider laboratory experiment place side frog body substance think unpleasant immediately frog hind foot rubs spot substance aha think frog substance trying rub
cell biologists shown cells definite numbers chromosomes counting chromosomes difficult job chromosome number determined species corn number houseflies humans step cycle sexually reproducing organism number chromosomes reduced doubling fertilization reduction occur solution problem worked beginning century answers part question similar sexually reproducing organisms number chromosomes reduced process called meiosis answers part vary deal process meiosis consists nuclear divisions occur special cells sexually reproducing organisms read description refer figure page spindle forms chromosomes visible slender threads close observation reveals chromosome doubled chromosome consists threads chromatids chromatids held centromere chromosome pairs chromosome looks chromosomes join chromosome chromatids chromosome pair chromatids chromatids shorten thicken chromosome pair start moving opposite poles chromosome pair carried opposite poles
need space problem require space space limited population grows carrying capacity species soon reached happens individuals suffer birth control human history prevent local populations reaching local carrying capacities procedures beliefs help control pregnancies abstinence sexual activity separation women periods taboos concerning menstruation post childbirth cleanliness lowered birthrate cases finally numerous potions natural substances prevent pregnancies practices island populations maintain productivity remain carrying capacities land sexual activity normal physical function distinct reproduction leads reproduction wish limit size families wish concern size population medical financial reasons sought modern efficient means preventing unwanted pregnancies devices prevent sperm cells reaching ova oviduct prevent fertilization rubber designed male condom female diaphragm inexpensive effective condom added advantage providing partial protection transmission microorganisms syphilis gonorrhea herpes venereal diseases intrauterine device iud wire plastic coil woman uterus
burning fossil fuels coal oil greatly increased rate carbon dioxide added atmosphere photosynthetic organisms result atmospheric increased percent century traps infrared radiation heat rays reducing rate escapes earth hand interferes slightly radiant energy arriving sun mean temperature increased ecologists feel increase explained increase atmospheric effects atmospheric pollution simple offsetting upward trend mean temperature early part century decline traced pollution burning fuels release atmosphere tiny particles visible smoke particles reflect solar radiation reduces amount energy reaches earth surface wastes fuels widespread effects biosphere fossil fuels entirely compounds carbon oxygen hydrogen elements burning complete result kinds gases water vapor produced noticeable waste gases automobile engines carbon monoxide oxides sulfur nitrogen harmful kinds living things atmospheric conditions gases solid particles water vapor accumulate air
poor eyesight complains wearing eyeglasses contact lenses similarly faulty heart corrected pacemaker considers invention significant elderly unable walk arthritis regard plastic hip joints dangerous inventions contrary pain walking standing lead normal lives disputes arise lifesaving machinery attached chronically terminally ill machines designed help survive emergencies study biology things chemical composition blood serum known function kidneys removing nitrogenous waste role lungs blood response muscles electrical stimulation information design build mechanical equipment hearts beat electrical shocks mechanical heart attached patient large arteries person blood oxygenated artificial chamber mechanical respirator artificial kidney attached patient body remove metabolic wastes blood glucose essential nutrients added circulating blood means tubes questions procedures arise terminally ill person prevented dying forced lie motionless attached numerous mechanical devices family money spent keeping alive define death
humans wondered organisms space sought explain things learned early biology centered studies vital human thousands ago humans learned planting crops taming animals concerned body health later humans curious things needs question ideas relied beliefs earlier scientists beliefs correct progress biology sciences slow pattern lasted important findings based observations study began late exciting biology learned living things small units called cells cells called microbes disease shown comes basic laws heredity discovered findings important general apply organisms provided basis later discoveries today exciting biology diseases malaria polio understood prevented treated structure genetic message worked genes moved organism energy derived sources surgery includes lasers crop yields improved computers gather record analyze information
hydrogen molecules compounds water salt examples homogeneous substances homogeneous means glass water water molecule water molecule compounds water homogeneous materials definite composition composition definite chemical bonds form definite ways atoms combine specific ways homogeneous materials definite composition materials formed result physical combination substances suppose dissolved gram sugar compound ml water compound obtain material homogeneous added grams sugar ml water homogeneous material materials sugar water differ composition sample greater amount sugar amount water type homogeneous material called solution true solutions homogeneous variable compositions depending substance dissolved portion solution greater quantity called solvent part lesser quantity solute solute sugar dissolved solvent water water alcohol solution alcohol present water alcohol solvent water solute sugar covalent compound sugar molecules separate sugar crystals dissolve water
discovery enzyme found enzymes properties enzyme specific boosts type cell reactions enzymes changed reaction enzymes proteins complex molecules amino acids number arrangements amino acids large section surprising enzymes enzyme unique dimensional shape substance enzyme acts called substrate enzyme named adding suffix part substrate enzyme converts maltose simpler sugars called enzymes break proteins called enzymes named basis function enzyme removes hydrogen called dehydrogenase enzyme transfers amino group called transaminase names enzymes pepsin end enzymes named system naming renamed system enzyme lower activation energy needed start reaction properties enzymes studied detail lock key hypothesis explanation enzyme function explains enzyme properties lock specific key open shape key enables open lock
gene unit heredity combinations genes produce predictable features offspring gene materials genes composed gene duplicate regulate activities cells experiments bacterium pneumococcus helped answer challenging questions strains varieties bacterium known strains differ genetically strain consists cells enclosed capsule strain referred smooth strain cells enclosed capsule referred rough smooth cells disease pneumonia rough cells fred griffith injected mixture heat killed smooth cells living rough cells healthy mice griffith expected mice remain healthy rough cells pneumonia smooth cells dead mice died pneumonia examining blood dead mice griffith unexpected observation living smooth pneumococcus cells present figure dead cells returned course reasonable explanation dead smooth cells directed rough cells smooth hereditary trait rough cells changed kind change trait bacteria called bacterial transformation change traits occur scientists suspected likely chemical dead smooth cells caused change chemical change chemical change heredity
mechanisms control transfer hereditary traits produce normal results mutations occur mutations occur result chromosomes genes dna chromosome mutations occur ways parts chromosomes dropped lost crossing section times lost parts rejoin chromosome attach backwards wrong end attach wrong chromosome result abnormal information genetic code chromosome number occur nondisjunction section gametes extra missing chromosomes formed chromosome fail attach spindle fiber resulting abnormal gametes things result gene mutations mutations result leaving nucleotide adding extra dna strand built nucleotide left added remaining read improperly rate mutations occur varies recessive allele results mutations hemophilia section mutations occur chromosomes estimated drosophila gene mutations occur gametes occur radiation high temperature examples external mutations mutation producing agents called mutagens chemicals formaldehyde mutagens mutagens bond breaking dna mutagens increase mutation rates
evolution galapagos finches adaptive radiation evolution species common ancestor environment adaptive radiation occur conditions met ancestral form reach environment ancestral form basic adaptations suited habitat environment free competition similar adapted species ancestor island finches thought met conditions fly finches environment basic adaptations islands environment mainland competition species birds islands occupied ecological niches ecological niche specific role organism plays community islands ancestral species evolve rapidly similar types bird rare birds free environmental pressures islands food plentiful competition food slight islands formed chain island isolated ecological niches filled type finch filled ecological niche woodpecker normal woodpecker strong neck muscles hard sharp beak narrow tongue woodpecker finch short tongue tongue evolved finch adapted pecks hole picks cactus thorn twig beak probes hole
largest group arthropods class insecta insects widely distributed exception salt water insects successfully invaded wide variety habitats ecological niches large numbers high reproduction rate diversity adaptations pests humans beetles locusts insects eat crops garden plants compete humans food termites destroy wood living trees houses gypsy moth caterpillars strip trees bare eat leaves lice fleas parasites variety animals mosquitoes flies transmit disease moths damage clothing insects beneficial humans nature prey harmful insects pollinate flowers things honey silk insects body regions head thorax abdomen head pair antennae pair mandibles mandibles mouthparts insects specialized ways feeding consider caterpillar chewing leaf mosquito piercing skin sucking blood insects pairs legs pair thoracic segment forms segments thorax pair wings abdomens insects small vestigial appendages appendages reproduction insects breathe means tracheae oxygen enters tracheae small openings located abdominal segments insects complex behavior section forms including ants termites bees live colonies
fungi obtain food hosts substances live unlike protozoa animals fungi ingest chunks food digest digest food cells process called extracellular digestion digested food absorbed fungus extracellular digestion fungi consider figure common bread mold obtains nourishment bread carbohydrates bread starch form digested enzymes change starch glucose secreted rhizoids mold bread rhizoids absorb glucose moved rest plant fungi mushrooms cup fungi section digest absorb food bread mold recall fungi large underground mycelium hyphae secrete enzymes soil decaying material digestion organic materials extracellular small molecules absorbed hyphae pass cells diffusion fungi parasitic obtaining nutrients plant animal hosts disease economic loss fungi damage crops wheat section small fungi live individual cells host directly absorb food digestion forms send hyphae cells host hyphae secrete enzymes digest food absorb digested food passes cells diffusion fungi adaptations trapping small animals nematode worms section
plasma cells produce antibodies memory cells antigen defeated destroyed memory cells remain blood suppose antigen later larger supply antibodies formed short attack antigen harm presence memory cells explains adult measles child disease shows active immunity active immunity immunity disease resistance resulting production antibodies host principles active immunity prevent diseases occurring solutions antigens weakened dead microorganisms toxins called vaccines prepared vaccines injected healthy person disease antibody formation person suffer mild discomfort vaccine antibodies give protection disease organisms toxin body later exposed process makes active immunity vaccines developed polio measles mumps forms influenza tetanus diphtheria bubonic plague vaccines receives vaccination person immunized disease vaccines exposure diseases fatal children required receive vaccinations entering school diseases polio common neglecting children vaccinated practice dangerous person infected body produce antibodies fast fight disease
cell layers form occur result formation body parts series called differentiation proceeds cells tissues differentiate earliest visible signs differentiation occurs surface gastrula ectoderm cells top embryo divide rapidly form flat neural plate figure sides plate rise buckle folds entire length embryo raised cells form neural folds gradually fuse form hollow groove beneath called neural tube brain spinal cord form neural tube figure shows neural tube circle figure shows section embryo development parts embryo develop embryo growing growth increase amount living material section earlier stages development involved dividing large zygote number smaller cells cells arranged specific pattern growth occurred cell division rapid cells grow case frog embryo soon recognizable tadpole section point differentiation animals form shelled eggs mammals differentiation completed young animal hatched born growth occurs period growth varies animal animal
animals sponges coelenterates flatworms composed cells layers thick cell exchange materials directly environment larger complex animals individual cells exchange materials directly environment animals materials enter leave points carried points kind liquid liquid part transport system link cells animal environment exchange materials occurs cells transport fluid fluid called internal environment animal animals transport systems pump circulates liquid animal pump heart liquid blood contents functions blood vary animals general blood carries materials needed metabolism waste materials blood exchange agent internal tissues environment blood structures passes known circulatory system segmented worms complex animals true circulatory system system simple structure permits rapid efficient exchange materials earthworm blood transported major blood vessels dorsal blood vessel ventral blood vessel vessels connected anterior end worm series pairs enlarged tubes called aortic arches function hearts aortic arches contract blood pumped body figure
gas exchange animals involves taking oxygen giving carbon dioxide exchange called respiration types respiration internal external cellular respiration form internal respiration internal respiration exchange oxygen carbon dioxide body animal oxygen enters cells blood lymph water carbon dioxide diffuses liquids external respiration exchange gases occurs circulating fluid external environment sponges coelenterates flatworms external respiration occurs directly body cells watery environment complex animals special systems external gas exchange recall gases dissolved water pass cell membranes animals living land adaptations keeping exchange surface comes contact dry air moist large surface area respiration gas obtained animal cells need moisture large surface area mind study compare respiratory systems kinds animals type respiratory system related environment animal lives complex aquatic animals systems external respiration cells complex animals close oxygen surrounding environment exchange gases occur outer membranes gases diffuse cell cell quickly sustain special regions gas exchange methods transporting gases resulted
familiar land earth covered water land water oceans kinds number organisms living oceans exceed land vast resource distribution organisms oceans depends abiotic factors important light light intensity decreases depth light reflected absorbed water penetration light varies contents water latitude generally reach depth greater oceans average depth zone water light present small producers affect makeup ecosystem live sufficient light photosynthesis occur light important limiting factor ocean temperature important water temperature vary ocean land section sea stable environment land mid north atlantic ocean water temperature varies top bottom ecologists classify marine organisms major groups organisms float water called plankton include types unicellular algae heterotrophic protists small multicellular animals copepods microscopic crustaceans major form animal plankton jellyfish relatives larval forms animals plankton
pesticides chemicals pollutants pollutant factor damages makes environment unclean pollutants affect air water soil endanger health lives forms organisms air pollution caused burning fossil fuels burning fuels needed industry transportation homes burning substances damage organisms released directly atmosphere chief air pollution burning gasoline mainly automobiles products gasoline combustion include hydrocarbons compounds hydrogen carbon carbon monoxide sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides lead compounds hydrocarbons produced oil refineries known cancer carbon monoxide deprives animals oxygen combines readily hemoglobin section nitrogen oxides produced high temperatures reaction nitrogen oxygen air nitrogen oxide turn combine sunlight hydrocarbons form compound called pan chief ingredient kind smog surrounds large cities major effect type smog damage lungs damage kind extremely dangerous suffer respiratory illnesses nitrogen dioxide brownish colored gas compound kill lung cells high amounts buildup fluids lungs fluid buildup affect respiration automobile engines require form gasoline lead compounds gasoline burned lead compounds released air pollutants
pesticides continues answer pest control biological control methods developed biological control organisms check pest populations methods retain natural balanced ecosystem avoid disadvantages chemicals biological method control pests preserve natural enemies insects spiders frogs birds predators pests introduced area method australian ladybird beetle introduced california reduce numbers small insect destroying citrus crops beetle saved citrus industry wasps figure especially controlling insects act predators parasites species parasitic wasps imported india prove controlling gypsy moths gypsy moth caterpillar damage destroyed leaves thirteen million acres trees wasps lay eggs caterpillars weeks wasp larvae destroy host caterpillars field tests planned determine effective wasps species insects approved pest control united states precautions introducing foreign insect ecosystem bacteria viruses fungi protozoa agents control studied products developed bacteria control larvae japanese beetles variety insects
tailor place place sewed buttons mended clothes met dresses capes coats hats tailor gate palace knocked gate knocked knocked knocked times called hello small door gate opened maid looked asked tailor tailor re maid palace mend dress apron sew buttons coats palace guards caps aprons palace cooks fine robe king capes king musicians maid guards cooks musicians ran afraid maid guard cook musician king palace twin girls queens afraid afraid afraid tailor asked giant lives nearby maid wish protect tailor protect tell twin sisters help re maid giants big
giant stomped palace giant roared bring food giant saw tailor sitting floor stand roared giant giant stand bow tailor stood put cape turned cape look brave tailor look cape look beware giant looked saw big giant tailor blow killed blow leave palace kill ho ho giant giant stronger prove giant picked rock squeezed squeezed hard rock crumbled bits giant tailor crumble bits tailor turn show strong strong squeeze water rock strong kill blow tailor cheese bag squeezed milk ran cheese tailor stronger giant maid brave tailor squeezed water rock giant throw rock high throw rock higher highest tree
giants put sack find food tailor scissors cut sack minute maid palace looking brave tailor dressed palace guard guard asked giants minute tailor re forest looking food soon guard think plan save brave tailor dear guard save giant giants strong fight giant giant kill brave tailor cried thought plan thought plan giants fight maybe kill tailor found stick tailor guard hide trees giants food tailor guard watched giants trees giants looking brave tailor stepped tree tailor reached stick going hit giants head tailor gave giant mighty whack head ran hide giant hit giant hit
read affects read bring pleasure displeasure primarily meant inform persuade amuse matter read react part reaction criticism criticism case means analysis judgment feel difficult express able say dislike short story think bad support elaborate opinion specific reasoning loss words continue education enter business situations require precise criticism increase purpose chapter help equip vocabulary evaluating things analyzing literature events words similar meanings called synonyms synonyms exactly meaning interchangeable synonyms share general meaning shades meaning study synonyms reasons knowledge synonyms reading exact writer chooses words care distinctions words reading miss writer say distinctions words meaning precisely
context unfamiliar word give definite clue meaning word professional writers textbook writers newspaper reporters pains explain unfamiliar words awareness devices writers provide explanation help read smoothly passage interrupted unknown word common types context clues explained illustrated section obvious straightforward method revealing meaning outright definition form verb signals definition cinema technique documentary film natural spontaneous sycophant found power person works favor flattery writer explain term restating words restatement forms words act signals restatement follow alert signal words words put means astronomer claims total absence plasma gaseous matter parts corona scientists curious optical properties clouds covering venus words wonder sunlight filters clouds reaches surface planet words signal restatement getting degree topology branch mathematics deals properties geometric figures remain unchanged distortion
problems writing sentence problems problems kinds sentence improvement treated length book standpoint grammar standpoint sense chapter devoted sentences grammatically correct nonetheless unsatisfactory empty sentences circular sentences say overloaded sentences sentences try say illogical sentences created gaps thought unsatisfactory sentences arise clearly identifiable isolated presented dependence grammatical principles function sentence convey facts ideas feelings writing haste thought empty sentences result haste failure think beginning write cities traffic cars trucks cars trucks room big sentence starts cities traffic writer promises explain traffic worth hearing reason cars trucks writer clearly reason simply saying traffic traffic afterthought writer added size cars
characters book talk engaging dialogue character speaks matter short speech paragraph started included paragraph words spoken character signals speaking called tags omitted change speakers clear passage dialogue tags paragraphed howard chest asked bed acting strange lately haven talking chest chest don talk answer speak kitchen tell don talk looked directly talk think wrong nervous lately problems don want talk problems reason going making feel guilty passages dialogue include words phrases sentences qualify dialogue describe speakers actions setting word phrase appended tag word hoarsely added tag whispered give additional information dialogue spoken
persons places things subjects paragraphs description writer describes external characteristics subject attempts capture essence internal qualities describing woman writer feet inches tall caucasian blue eyes black hair facts reveal kind person writer note shy smile hands eyes constant motion looks person talks details provide reader glimpse woman qualities descriptions places things inventories external facts writer describing statue liberty convey idea immigrants sailed york harbor heartened symbolic strength welcoming smile thrilled quiet dignity uplifted torch freedom read description person note writer physical details vehicle reveals qualities prisoner left texas police took traditional mug shots photographs abel looks monk caught scowl clouds ascetic face sparse fringe brownish gray hair ears head
words defined context paragraph definitions consisting synonym short descriptive phrase ideas presented paragraph terms defined completely complexity meanings openness misinterpretation unusual writer writer chooses explain detail need extended definition occurs writer develop paragraph definition type paragraph metaphor game wit writer wit reader matched mind poet fastens object rushes halfway establish relation object hitherto unrelated object objects alike reader quick likeness point comparison love says poet spirit play looks resembling lady announces triumphantly red red rose solemn scientific eye reasonable resemblance figure woman shape rose reader interested laboratory realism poet intellectual game saying thing meaning verbal poet points reader mind
research paper formal composition length based information gathered reliable sources organized shaped writer thinking judgment search suitable source materials related subject planning writing procedures studied connection chapter composition requires extended period order wisely step planning research writing carefully controlled research paper takes weeks complete choosing subject reference books articles readily costly error terms careful attention planning organizing paper important mistakes increasingly difficult correct involved actual writing allow read source materials judge usefulness reading subject allow write revise paper finally prepare accurate footnotes final bibliography research paper ambitious undertaking composition footnotes bibliography aspects entirely teacher makes research paper assignment schedule teacher guidance help stage unhurried chapter discuss procedures writing research paper basic steps choosing subject extremely important success paper
chosen subject prepared working bibliography background reading ready bring subject sharper focus deciding exactly aspect subject going write need formulate controlling purpose paper formal exact statement paper going refined controlling purpose extent presents purpose clearly want direct note taking help write outline paper read want revise controlling purpose stating clearly help select material note taking material relate directly controlling purpose belong paper notes recall page student interested stephen crane decided write paper realism henry fleming stephen crane red badge courage statement suitable title sufficiently focused statement controlling purpose statement requires proof controlling purpose demonstrate henry fleming protagonist stephen crane red badge courage accurate portrayal civil war soldier comparing actual soldiers letters diaries
research paper longer complex short composition outline correspondingly remember guidelines note cards provide divisions subdivisions outline step divide note cards separate piles order write final outline put note card guideline separate pile piles cards relate major minor divisions preliminary outline study piles cards information extent information conforms information preliminary outline refer controlling purpose study cards gradually topics emerge major divisions subject subdivisions subdivisions cards reveal insufficient material subdivision feel subdivision important reading subdivision important combine subdivision closely related delete information card entirely point decide exactly going include paper going leave checking controlling purpose usable material relevant subject afraid delete information relevant decisions point reflected paper
word group words interjected thrown sentence exclamation point word word group express surprise emotion grammatical relation words sentence ouch ah heaven sake congratulations words think verbs personal pronouns personal pronouns words sentence ways treaty signed misgivings conjunction speaker noticed incident preposition turn light noun needs light bulb adjective light birthday candles verb word person place thing noun word noun tell kind adjective teacher viewed history story human quest freedom noun history book tattered date adjective tallest building chicago noun chicago skyline changing remarkably adjective demonstrative pronoun adjective word place noun pronoun noun tell adjective polaroid camera pronoun practical shoes pronoun experience hard forget adjective modifying experience
sentences classified structure purpose speaker writer principal purposes served sentences declarative sentence statement statement fact wish intent feeling plans bicentennial begun wanted read victory floyd patterson imperative sentence command request direction subject subject expressed case understood follow directions carefully route miles call clinic clock interrogative sentence ask question question mark wrote billy budd realize saying temperature earth interior exclamatory sentence express strong feeling exclamation point tale hungry parts complete sentence subject person thing idea predicate idea expressed subject sentence subject predicate subject sentence person thing predicate tells asks subject sentence word predicate means proclaim declare preach affirm predicate sentence proclaims declares preaches affirms subject
phrase group words subject verb part speech phrase part speech verb phrase words verb drive noun phrase words noun yosemite national park ohio turnpike prepositional phrase consists preposition object modifiers object macbeth yielded temptation wife persuasion football game carl played string quarterback object preposition noun pronoun group words noun cottage ocean ocean object lent books object law career qualified object raising mike salary cook persuaded stay raising mike salary gerund phrase object merchants promised plaque won times won times noun clause object prepositional phrase modifier adjective adverb prepositional phrase modifies noun pronoun adjective phrase phrase adjective car sun roof sun roof modifies pronoun sound music filled corridors
semicolon main clauses compound sentence joined conjunction clauses compound sentence closely related thought reason joining sentence writing separate sentences sentences semicolon effective joining main clauses conjunctions especially true add meaning joined clauses approve measure approve measure ames discussed nature introduced ideas ames discussed nature introduced ideas semicolon clauses joined conjunctive adverbs phrases fact instance problem absences acute fact agenda faculty consideration asked movie promised hubert play monopoly night sir walter scott silent partner bankrupt firm assumed responsibility debts jill genius leadership talents play musical instruments note conjunctive adverb phrase comma examples sentence commas difficult read commas precede conjunction main clauses comma point lose guide reader
title book magazine newspaper pamphlet bulletin italicized print writing italics underlining distinguish title part book magazine newspaper quotation marks quotation marks enclose titles chapters parts books enclose titles stories poems essays articles short musical compositions literature america read shirley jackson story lottery isaac anatomy martian appeared esquire words special ways special senses enclosed quotation marks writer want show word writer clear accept word enclosing quotation marks slang words phrases enclosed quotation marks writer accept standard usage bank teller immediately called carpet shortage accounts social workers call poor socially disadvantaged brother habit calling month economists talked making study human resources reviewer actually wrote performance definitive lady macbeth note comma period immediately follows quoted word falls inside quotation marks semicolon falls quotation marks
established readers grade paper higher neat legible messy appearance hard read manuscript form assures reading say high schools colleges regular forms students expected follow require manuscripts follow form schools require student papers typewritten typed paper easier read written hand paper written hand written pen dark blue black ink ink color acceptable letters formed doubt distinctly distinct dotted chance mistaken leave margin inch top bottom side page left margin slightly wider paper typed left hand margin carefully maintained hand margin approximately excess hyphens show break word rule permit successive lines end hyphen typed copy prepared double space lines letter spaces provided paragraph indentation
meet word reading stop dead tracks skip section word appears try pick later point realize missed comprehension suffered missed check meaning word stopped practical run dictionary understand meaning unfamiliar word purpose chapter give tools pry loose meanings words ways approach meaning word looking method study passage word appears method discussed chapter study parts word determine part meaning word examining word parts subject chapter learn tools practice reading able communicate able understand say write able understood getting meaning word context passage occurs
word secret fresh vigorous style vocabulary develops expression judgments feelings precise effectiveness expression depends put words english meaning conveyed words conveyed words working groups phrases clauses sentences successful writing largely matter effective sentences learned write clear straightforward sentences writing intend authors text studied samples student writing analyzed samples determine kinds sentence problems occur frequently chapters set sentence problems show ways avoiding correcting sentences revise chapters written students age chance revise sentences revising function sentence convey facts ideas feelings writing haste thought sentences result haste failure think beginning write schools crowded students classes overcrowded schools small incredible population growth sentence begins schools crowded writer promises explain schools crowded
called times speak preparation conversation discussion class meetings faculty meetings business conferences question arise say situations arrange thoughts quality depends previous experience training writing situation point written put order reorganize rearrange paragraphs revise sentences chapter deals kinds revisions find profitable sentences function sentence idea present facts describe feelings unrelated details sentence interrupt flow thought distracting orange flower pink dress tennis shoes worn sentence revision mind main idea delete detail closely related idea pilot uncle owns motorboat flies coast coast week clearly motorboat pilot uncle success pilot success matter belongs sentence colorful spectacle opening olympics follow closely includes greek custom lighting torch
played game simple sentence explore shades meaning accenting word sentence sentence friend say friend friend friend possibilities change statement question friend friend bring meanings varying tone voice say sentences angrily insistently mockingly scornfully disbelief speak communicating attitude subject tone voice writing tone writer attitude subject coloration results attitude writer instance satirical angry humorous disgusted insulting ironic businesslike approach subject give coloration paragraph subject means careful choice words details sentence organization rhythms words phrases figurative language repetition omission note writer achieved tone description hedgerow beaded silver english november fog leaves dripped deadly intensity falling drop drop acid phrases deadly intensity drop acid create evil images mind
paragraphs explanation classified main types according differing purposes methods development common type explanation presents details support explain idea topic sentence details facts statistics examples incidents anecdotes forms information develop main idea paragraph type explanatory paragraph motion pictures phonograph radio television radically changed live encounter movies deeply affected theater effectively killing popular stage leaving legitimate theater constantly striving survival phonograph preserve musical performance speech indefinite period brought sounds words home previously heard large auditoriums large audiences radio brought radio culture constructed entirely sound consisting home delivered music drama news coverage political speeches recently television added picture sound making bring entire home literal sense launching satellites earth pick signals part globe topic sentence paragraph states inventions motion pictures phonograph radio television radically changed live encounter rest paragraph summarizes unique impact invention explaining inventions changed drastically
tested ideas controlling purpose eliminated broad handle irrelevant ready organize ideas final list ideas concerning trolley car notice ideas begin emerge major points shift automobiles important point developing idea controlling purpose ideas related automobile automobile exciting automobile threatens trolley major point automobiles compete trolley related ideas trolleys rundown improvements automobiles traffic problems rise automobiles trolley car disappears major point trolley popular related ideas trolley attractive comfortable cheap trolley fares network trolley lines trolley quiet relaxing trolley dependable trolleys excursions leaves idea accounted trolleys today germ idea conclusion set moment major points develop number body paragraph theme final problem determine order main headings plan composition present ideas reader kind logical order ideas closely related move important important simple complex
essays write articles read words correctly obey rules grammar organized proper paragraphs dull reading writing correct lacks flavor find plodding word word sentence sentence words pile page run mind excite senses meaning lost words glide past point writing calls figurative language figurative language language general composed words difference words manner calls senses understand message imagination listen sounds pictures taste flavors touch textures smell odors sensory awareness adds color writing arouses emotional response reader sound hiss sets spine tingling feel fear sparkling seas sets points light exhilaration brisk breezes running movement cool cucumber tasting crisp summer vegetable sweet breath roses air reaches nose feel touch child velvet cheeks kind language figures decorates writing sit notice words shed literal meanings turns speech cheeks velvet roses breath feel ways
simile figure speech closely related metaphor characteristics object event joined literally true simile differs metaphor comparison things verbs resemble wolf metaphor wolf simile case metaphor forceful statement simile simile preferred metaphor directly shared characteristic writes smith crafty fox smith swift fox exactly qualities smith shares fox smith roars lion smith leader lion say smith acts harassed husband longer figurative language statement literally true attaching animal characteristics human beings feature figurative writing taking humorous exception figurative language james thurber cites similes praise brave lion proud peacock lively cricket graceful swan busy bee gentle lamb goes say observe human memory elephant works beaver
harmful generalization stereotype members races religions professions nationalities heard ethnic joke ugly remark police officers racial slur remark intended degrade women stereotype harmful aimed reflects speaker writer biased attitudes stereotypes heard expressed recently examples try determine purpose remark eradicate type harmful generalization mistakes reasoning known broader term fallacies fallacies result confusion errors lost arguments order reason effectively aware common fallacies avoid speaking writing fallacy present statement offers limited choice alternatives faced satisfies neat situation close minds possibility alternatives re losing money factory raise prices close surface alternative logical certainly simple straightforward possibilities investigated borrowing money machinery produce efficiently hiring managers turning products statement realistic re losing money factory find produce profit close
infinitive modifiers subject object predicate word infinitive phrase consists infinitive modifiers subject object predicate word infinitive modified adverbs phrases clauses modifiers part infinitive phrase sing requires practice adverb modifies sing arrive evening leave phrase evening modifies arrive doctor stop tired clause tired modifies stop infinitive direct object indirect object predicate word words completing meaning infinitive part infinitive phrase open package pull tab package direct object open wanted give lift indirect object lift direct object give janet wants doctor doctor predicate noun bill tries helpful helpful predicate adjective infinitive subject subject follows main verb comes directly infinitive follows main verb objective case mistaken object main verb subject infinitive part infinitive phrase examples entire phrase direct object verb wanted
phrase group words subject verb part speech phrase part speech verb phrase words verb noun phrase words noun lincoln highway empire building prepositional phrase consists preposition object modifiers object speech grew restless stood yellow line dog crawled low wooden fence object preposition noun pronoun group words noun ditch full water water object looked object leaving ranch filled radiator leaving ranch gerund phrase noun object give candy wants wants noun clause object prepositional phrase modifier adjective adverb prepositional phrase modifies noun pronoun adjective phrase phrase adjective coat red lining red lining modifies pronoun quarrel families grew bitter families modifies quarrel adjective phrase comes immediately noun pronoun modifies
noun clause subordinate clause noun noun clause subject direct object verb predicate noun object preposition appositive important subject knew fish direct object mystery machine works predicate noun excuse john object preposition fact son difference appositive examples clearly show noun clauses introduced words introduce adverb clauses noun clauses words regarded subordinating conjunctions introductory words adverbs noun clause similarly noun clauses introduced words introduce relative clauses noun clauses words regarded relative pronouns serve subjects objects noun clause denise knows car noun clause object knows looked guide pointed adverb clause modifying looked painted picture adjective clause modifying wrote letter mystery noun clause subject noun clauses written introductory word direct quotation preceded words replied bob asked noun clause introductory word indirect quotation noun clause preceded introductory word
commas dashes parentheses set words supplementary explanatory commas material set fairly close main thought sentence dashes set material loosely connected parentheses set material loosely related main thought separate sentence occasions high school writing parentheses needed safest course student commas dashes set parenthetical matter material distantly related require parentheses passage rewritten place parenthetical material separate sentence mark point saved end group needs leadership modern science longer deals directly visible deals directly ions atoms electrons particles small seen arthur behaved boy pupil obedient played scruffy boys street mother disliked arthur behaved boy pupil obedient played scruffy boys street mother disliked commas semicolons periods closing question mark exclamation point inside parenthetical material question exclamation
trouble spelling individuals small list spelling demons problems words trouble spelling consoled fact students generations trouble interested improving spelling encouraged spellers learned spell simple teach spell easy learn concerned problem helpful suggestions proofread writing ablest scholar write hear draft apparent errors spelling errors mistakes caused carelessness haste learn look letters word learned read recognizing words parts words spelling errors errors letters compose word find helpful break word parts memorize spelling part list spelling errors point spell correctly words errors fall narrow range concentrate range provided list show quick improvement practice spelling problem reason totally eliminate spelling errors want
general classes letters friendly letters business letters letter written business purposes business letter letters love letters apologies invitations letters written home called friendly letters terms friendly business simply means designating forms refer tone letter written business letter extremely cordial friendly friendly letter businesslike friendly letter actually cold unfriendly tone aspects forms letters pertains letter picture arrangement content page pertains punctuation forms address aspects content generally considered handwritten letter friendly thoughtful considerate typed letter nonetheless friendly letters typewritten circumstances typing handwritten letters written personal stationery comes assorted sizes colors scented papers papers unusual color considered taste friendly letter typed plain white typing paper choice size shape color correspondence paper choice writing instrument pen ink required pencil heading consists writer address date abbreviations abbreviate item street st avenue ave abbreviations
bosom spacious coves indent eastern shore hudson broad expansion river ancient dutch navigators tappan zee prudently shortened sail implored protection st nicholas crossed lies small market town rural port called generally properly known tarry town told days housewives adjacent country inveterate propensity husbands linger village tavern market days vouch fact merely advert sake precise authentic village miles valley lap land high hills quietest places small brook glides murmur lull repose occasional whistle quail tapping woodpecker sound breaks uniform tranquillity recollect stripling exploit squirrel shooting grove tall walnut trees shades side valley wandered noon nature peculiarly quiet startled roar gun broke sabbath stillness prolonged reverberated angry echoes
moment ichabod laid eyes regions delight peace mind end study gain affections peerless daughter van tassel enterprise real difficulties generally fell lot knight errant yore seldom giants enchanters fiery dragons easily conquered adversaries contend merely gates iron brass walls adamant castle lady heart confined achieved easily carve center christmas pie lady gave hand matter course ichabod contrary win heart country beset labyrinth whims forever presenting difficulties impediments encounter host fearful adversaries real flesh blood numerous rustic admirers beset portal heart keeping watchful angry eye ready fly common competitor formidable burly roaring blade abraham according dutch abbreviation van brunt hero country round rang feats strength hardihood broad shouldered double jointed short curly black hair bluff unpleasant countenance mingled air fun arrogance
revel gradually broke farmers gathered families wagons heard rattling hollow roads distant hills damsels mounted favorite swains light hearted laughter mingling clatter hoofs echoed silent woodlands sounding fainter fainter gradually died late scene noise frolic silent deserted ichabod lingered according custom country lovers heiress fully convinced high road success passed interview pretend say fact fear wrong certainly sallied interval air desolate chop fallen women women girl playing coquettish tricks encouragement poor mere sham secure conquest rival heaven knows let suffice say ichabod stole air sacking hen roost fair lady heart looking left notice scene rural wealth gloated straight stable hearty cuffs kicks roused steed comfortable quarters soundly sleeping dreaming mountains corn oats valleys timothy clover
cessation storm lightning rod relieved replied house storied house attic cellar room comparative safety lightning passes clouds earth earth clouds comprehend choose middle room lightning strike house chimney walls obviously presently alarming strangely inspired confidence lightning flashes earth clouds aye returning stroke called earth overcharged fluid flashes surplus upward returning stroke earth sky hearth dry wet safest thing hark drenched thunder storm wet clothes conductors body lightning strikes pass wet clothes touching body storm deepens rug house rugs non conductors stand skies blacken dusk noon hark rug rug
morning april passing boston common lies pleasantly residence office met gentleman lounging mall generally preoccupied walking crowded streets distinctly observing single soul face forced singular face eyes faded hair wore flecked gray hair eyes say seventy rest thirty youthfulness figure elasticity gait venerable appearance head incongruities drew pair curious eyes evidently american england cut countenance unmistakable evidently seen strangely young reaching park street gate thread thought unconsciously broken young unwrinkled brow silvered locks glided phantom duties morning encountered mall resting lazily green rails watching distress ragged shipowners consigned mimic perils pond vessels lay becalmed middle ocean displaying tantalizing lack sympathy frantic helplessness owners shore
ago honest upright town region reputation generations prouder possessions proud anxious insure perpetuation began teach principles honest dealing babies cradle teachings staple culture thenceforward devoted education formative temptations young honesty chance harden solidify part bone neighboring towns jealous honorable supremacy affected sneer pride call vanity obliged acknowledge reality incorruptible town pressed acknowledge mere fact young hailed recommendation needed natal town seek responsible employment drift ill luck offend passing stranger possibly knowing certainly caring sufficient cared rap strangers opinions exception case bitter revengeful
home endure congratulations compliments midnight left looked sad sat silent thinking finally mary sighed think blame edward blame eyes wandered accusing triplet big lying table gloating reverently fingering edward answer brought sigh hesitatingly couldn help mary ordered things mary glanced looked steadily didn return look presently thought congratulations praises tasted edward going stay bank resign morning note richards bowed head hands muttered afraid let oceans money pour hands mary tired tired bed morning stranger called sack took hotel cab ten talk privately stranger asked checks metropolitan bank drawn bearer put pocketbook remainder representing put envelope added note wrote
stood railroad bridge northern alabama looking swift water twenty feet hands wrists bound cord rope closely encircled neck attached stout cross timber head slack fell level knees loose boards laid sleepers supporting metals railway supplied footing executioners private soldiers federal army directed sergeant civil deputy sheriff short remove temporary platform officer uniform rank armed captain sentinel end bridge stood rifle position known support say vertical front left shoulder hammer resting forearm thrown straight chest formal unnatural position enforcing erect carriage body duty occurring center bridge merely blockaded ends foot planking traversed sentinels sight railroad ran straight forest hundred yards curving lost view doubtless outpost farther bank stream open ground gentle acclivity topped stockade vertical tree trunks loopholed rifles single embrasure protruded muzzle brass cannon commanding bridge
suddenly felt whirled round round spinning top water banks forests distant bridge fort blurred objects represented colors circular horizontal streaks color saw caught whirled velocity advance giddy sick moments flung gravel foot left bank stream southern bank projecting point concealed enemies sudden arrest motion abrasion hands gravel restored wept delight dug fingers sand threw handfuls audibly blessed looked diamonds rubies emeralds think beautiful resemble trees bank giant garden plants noted definite order arrangement inhaled fragrance blooms strange roseate light shone spaces trunks wind branches music harps wish perfect escape content remain enchanting spot whiz rattle branches high head roused dream baffled fired random farewell sprang feet rushed sloping bank plunged forest
yes speak trial tuck sylvy sylvia awed silence knew instinct grandmother comprehend gravity situation mistaking stranger farmer lads region young stood gun door dropped heavy game bag bade mrs tilley evening repeated story asked night lodging put early morning hungry give milk rate plain dear sakes yes responded hostess slumbering hospitality easily awakened fare main road mile re welcome milk home sleep husks feathers proffered graciously raised pasturing geese ma sh step round set plate gentleman sylvy sylvia promptly stepped glad hungry surprise find clean comfortable dwelling england wilderness young known horrors primitive housekeeping dreary squalor level society rebel companionship hens
autumn winter coming prairie farms moved fro wide level fields falling snow melted fell wetting skin notwithstanding frequent squalls snow dripping desolate clouds muck furrows black tenacious tar dripping harness horses swung fro silently marvelous uncomplaining patience marks horse wild geese honking wildly sprawled sidewise wind fleeing enemy neck wings extended sailed wind soon lost sight plowman plow snow lay ragged greatcoat cold clinging mud rose heavy boots fettering whistled beard gale passed snow ceasing melt lay plowed land lodged depth stubble till slow round furrow stood black shining jet plowed land gray stubble night began fall geese flying low began alight invisibly cornfield stephen council finishing land rode sulky plow going wind walked facing sitting bent cold cheery slouch hat talked encouragingly hand
trees full leaf heavy south wind blowing loud murmur leaves noticed trees murmured wind spring rush days murmur trees sounded loud village church sat waiting service begin windows open warm sunday church filled soft sylvan music tender harmony leaves south wind sweet desultory whistles birds choir arose began sing center row women singers stood alma stared turned ears critically leading soprano sung choir forty lately dismissal audience considered voice grown cracked uncertain upper notes complaint deliberation church officers known decision mildly singer sung sunday alma engaged place exception organist leading soprano paid musician large choir salary modest church considered large young woman
learned quarrel bessie left proved illegal unfair child brought latest rupture assumed due steadily diverging views agree understanding anxious understanding method going unsatisfactory agree course hearing called found living large apartment equipment suited months absence part living single thing remind janet solemnity reserve sprang wounded disgruntled spirit pretended indifference satisfaction present square past love yes mistake find wasn thought sure due women mrs drake
limped painfully bank foremost staggered rough strewn rocks tired weak faces drawn expression patience comes hardship endured heavily burdened blanket packs strapped shoulders passing forehead helped support packs carried rifle walked stooped posture shoulders forward head farther forward eyes bent ground wish cartridges layin voice utterly expressionless spoke enthusiasm limping milky stream foamed rocks vouchsafed reply heels remove footgear water icy cold cold ankles ached feet numb places water dashed knees staggered footing slipped smooth boulder nearly fell recovered violent effort uttering sharp exclamation pain faint dizzy put free hand reeled seeking support air steadied stepped forward reeled nearly fell stood looked turned head
decreased distance ship miles crawling bill crawled end found ship miles unable mile indian summer held continued crawl faint turn turn sick wolf coughed wheezed heels knees raw meat feet padded shirt red track left moss stones glancing saw wolf licking hungrily bleeding trail saw sharply end wolf began grim tragedy existence played sick crawled sick wolf limped creatures dragging dying carcasses desolation hunting lives wolf mattered thought going feed maw loathsome dead thing repugnant finicky mind begun wander perplexed hallucinations lucid intervals grew rarer shorter awakened faint wheeze close ear wolf leaped losing footing falling weakness
large woman large purse hammer nails strap carried slung shoulder eleven clock night dark walking boy ran tried snatch purse strap broke sudden single tug boy gave boy weight weight purse combined caused lose balance taking full blast hoped boy fell sidewalk legs flew large woman simply turned kicked square blue sitter reached picked boy shirt front shook teeth rattled woman pick pocketbook boy give held tightly bent permit stoop picked purse ashamed firmly gripped shirt front boy yes woman want boy didn aim lie passed stopped turned look stood watching turn loose run asked woman yes boy won turn loose woman
roger answered boy roger sink wash face woman turned loose roger looked door looked woman looked door sink let water run warm clean towel gonna jail asked boy bending sink face woman trying home cook bite eat snatch pocketbook maybe supper late home house answered boy eat woman believe re hungry hungry try snatch pocketbook want pair blue suede shoes didn snatch pocketbook suede shoes mrs luella bates washington jones asked ma water dripping face boy looked pause pause dried face knowing dried boy turned wondering door open dash hall run run run run woman sitting bed young wanted things
started friends phyllis told lie met camp summer graduated sixth grade sixth grade took test special junior high school fifteen miles house didn bother special training art love art want artist grow thought school letter saying accepted disappointed begun imagine wearing carrying books covered blue gold covers begun imagine kids local junior high look admire accepted special school cheer parents told try anyway things don plan felt terrible kids school asking test telling didn accept school applied miserable boat true camp middle york city takes kids city
night hunger noni thought dog flesh blood lived floating ice island breakup noni lost sled food fur knife saved nimuk devoted dog ice watched distance noni love nimuk real real real hunger cold nights real pain injured leg homemade brace village killed dogs food scarce thinking nimuk told hungry seek food soon eating noni thought kill dog bare hands nimuk powerful fresher weapon needed removing mittens unstrapped brace leg hurt leg weeks brace bits harness thin strips iron kneeled put iron strips crack ice began rub firm slow strokes nimuk watched noni dog eyes glowed brightly night passed worked trying remember strip iron edge
leaves falling oak meadow edge falling trees branch oak reached high stretched meadow leaves clung tip leaf leaf answered fallen tonight re left branch going leaf warm sun shone storm cloudburst leaves torn young going sun shines sighed leaf warmth warmth true leaf true places re true whispered leaf begin imagine powers makes sad added leaf silent leaf quietly fall leaf asked happens fallen sink leaf answered don say thing knows
lived happily thought wasn things wasn let couldn let happened momma lay wide branched paper mulberry tree opened eyes looked paper mulberry broad leaves pool shade lay thick roots spread making kind chair lean wore shorts hot midday air arms chest spattered streaked red paint barn completely painted top bottom sides patched painted looking paint sweat drying body hear buzzing insects knew gram james downtown motorboat gram going groceries james going library find books repairing maintaining wooden boats room extra assignments teacher gave catch rest graders sammy side farmhouse spading fallow land increase size vegetable garden gram planting spring feed
swallowed yawn looked window close hot classroom classroom windows open temperature ninety grass front lawn brick school building dry brown building housed grades twelve built double decker window front entrance sidewalk empty street breeze stirred leaves big oaks marked front schoolyard leaves drooped dis spirited heat hung dogs tongues thought pictured tree panting tiny tongues maybe dripping saliva dog felt smile wash face lazily brought eyes classroom classroom windows wall green chalkboard front wall bulletin board close reach touch wanted students desks square sitting left hand corner windows desk kind tray attached write rack seat books english textbook open front teacher introducing unit study
days sammy rode james paper route picked mail home early october gram answer letter hospital boston momma found letter pile advertising circulars mailbox stuffed mail science notebook liked leave circulars returned senders gram start fires weather cold doubted cold southern maryland october cape home air crisp leaves turning colors sand lost summer warmth happened water bay turned clear shallow sandy bottom leaves paper mulberry turning yellowy green nights chilly days warm children shorts comfortable gram promised cold weather coming gram sammy chopping kindling small ax forewarned going need big handled saw couple fallen trees weekends groaned knowing slow boat rate going ready water spring
daring start fight stared stared began remember remembered sammy sturdy brown legs walking summer keeping bigger kids remembered sammy memory going backwards flipping photograph album vague picture baby momma brought home hospital father walked left pretty soon momma told sammy coming oldest sammy responsibility changed diapers fed cereal spoon momma watched sleeping night momma home splashed water baths dishpan slapping water chubby hands eyes laughed hands looked strong bones running wrist fingers eyes laughing flat mouth colors didn shine wonder looking expressionless face feeling minute sammy hearing conversations heard corrected conversation find sandpaper asked asked moving wanted stay angry
despite firm intentions concentrate family gram didn gram feel knew thinking week november determined attention weather turned chilly cold sky hung gray flat muted colors bare branches trees turned deep black sky wind west bay carried dampness penetrated clothing wound bones couldn boat weather danger chillblains chillblains asked gram gram smiled don heard tried sound awful chill repeated listening sound veins nose freeze individually ask james gram concluded looking knitting halfway yellow sweater finished front report card school real ceremony report cards end school homeroom called front room homeroom teacher studied grades talk schoolwork conversations low tone
reasons turn mean woman mrs liza couldn face smile eyes smiled mouth hair color warm honey winter color evening sunlight summer walked easy high narrow shoulders loose joints body put walked song sung accompaniment slowly slowly find place began turned sour mrs liza things heard children heard older understood meant mrs liza loved children worried money worried waves worry shoreline nibbling soft sand money run earlier week mrs liza stood door cabin looked ocean ocean looked mrs liza rolled end ocean wind pulled hair blowing looked children playing beach reminded supper forgot eyes stopped smiling mouth holes sweaters bigger talked didn say understand quarters dimes lighter smaller children growing bigger needed food clothes
momma lay absolutely arms body veins hands stood blue sheets pulled chest neck looked small small held round head head lay pillow surrounded honey colored hair bones cheeks forehead jaw covered thin skin looked pale veil fitted skin lay absolutely fresh white sheets rise fall slightly momma breathed known bad news happening knew gram rushed momma dying felt begin shake inside didn show gram stood side momma bed looking motionless daughter stood foot bed shaking hard pieces heart noise hear moved stared blank face willing momma open eyes look gram didn say word looked tears coming eyes sliding cheeks wanted say couldn think say wasn gram cry
stood hallway gram preston dr epstein knew say sorry dr epstein hands moved nervously bet liked light cigars eyes flickered cases linger gram cut appreciate briskly preston arrangements dr epstein began gram frown crossed face understood lived massachusetts understood identified voice tapered ceased ordinarily mrs charity cases medical research felt heat gram anger saw corner eye gram chin lift yes gram asked doctor conversation expense undertaker shipping coffin maryland don think pay course records mistaken gram asked don think cost hundred dollars dr epstein answered mouth pursed didn talk money heart fell hundred dollars money wasn noticed heart piece
buried momma beneath paper mulberry tree front house james sammy dug earth place big roots forked gram stood watched boys took turns lifting shovelfuls dark soft earth ground carpeted yellow leaves cold wind blew backs east west sun setting streamers clouds lay bars line descent hear wind distant pines creaking paper mulberry looked bare branches clearly visible thick wires leaves hid summer tree main trunks growing base spreading grew taller clumsy wire ran fence branches fifteen yards wire gram told tree spread split broken weight growth gram told farm tree families gram looking branches wondered case wire branches roof house sky pale remote blue clouds drifted ground sunlight painted bare trees dry grass light
cutting piling cornstalks completed began assigning blacks variety tasks conch horn blew dawn morning kunta job snapping loose thick vines piling wagon learned called rolling boxes load large heavy vegetables color overripe mangoes resembling big gourds women juffure dried cut half household bowls blacks called riding wagon unload large building called barn kunta able black sawing big tree thick sections splitting axes wedges firewood children stacking rows high heads place hanging thin poles large leaves nose told filthy pagan tobacco smelled trips father rode barn saw village things dried later women collecting thick brown heard call tying bundles garden vegetables spread cloths dry moss gathered groups children plunged boiling water dried idea
mathew brady plan simple decided camera record pictures women distinguished contemporaries daguerreotypes large picture suitable text written distinguished writer complete brady planned publish portraits large volume entitled gallery illustrious americans illustrious americans knew gallery knew fame fickle shy fame modest forward boldly fame climb flights stairs gallery persuasion inducement friends barnum owned museum street knew york helped barnum fine salesman easily persuaded important photographed brady hoped build reputation specialize portraiture illustrious americans decided enlarged copies pictures took distinguished portraits mount walls gallery lounge public display give prestige brady sure walls covered pictures america famous display turn attract fame willingly climb flights gallery brady photographed presidents united states john quincy adams sixth president including william mckinley twenty exception william henry harrison died brady started career
age fifteen sat slope bluff overlooking mississippi river listening music coming passing riverboat music captured heart ear jazz music lessons showed promise piano parents hoped consider concert pianist interested kind music wanted play cornet wanted play jazz jazz recorded bought records cornet locked room learned play musicians recordings heard play impressed purity roundness tone notes horn chimes struck mallet louis armstrong cornet players influence jazz music players lived playing alike career short lived early age twenty died pneumonia blues song late night lonely shack blues landlord knocking gate blues singing bessie smith famous blues singers started making records hit atlanta memphis birmingham orleans lined blocks front record stores
morning hollis bursting excitement addison arrived doll shop sought eudora immediately mother going appointment doctor tomorrow hollis going looked doctor eudora asked started breakfast hollis mother bustled paying attention morning stopped stare hollis hollis pale wanted hollis dress loose middle hollis losing weight hollis proudly guessed fact week thought weight sharp drop mother face beam pleasure mother wondered noticed notice saw doll saw hollis mother pondered situation bit decided visit doctor order doctor hollis bet lost maybe pounds wasn tomorrow hollis stay home school rest visit doctor hollis told eudora reaction happy happy food real food play food eudora guess tomorrow eudora words stared space doctor test exactly waiting turned hollis sweet smile
ancient city cairo lived merchant called ali ali rich poor wife child owned shop lived house inherited father night ali fast asleep strange dream vision scowling ali leave land mecca pilgrims beware ali disobeying night ali dream night scowling stepped ali dream repeated previous nights ali considering wise pay heed warning sold shop keeping sold mecca tidy profit ready goods need voyage problem find safe place savings thousand gold market bought big earthen jar put thousand gold jar filled brim handfuls olives sealed jar tightly carried merchant friend called friend ali doubt heard leaving mecca days pilgrimage
colonel aristocrats crime accomplished daring bank robbery detroit involved violent death manager believed police named bottom frauds melbourne designer chief gainer sensational murder case believed mysterious person successfully eluded pursuit generally known desperate criminals determined alive invariably worked subordinates knew whereabouts scarcely acquainted appearance police slender clue identity matter fact associates crime sworn identity met face face detroit bank manager shot death hand bank manager fiancee witnessed shooting arrested states finally atone crime happened distressingly commonplace average spectator concerned story pieced details supplied firstly detective sergeant met westminster young woman named miss van snoop element romance look surface
father farm bushveld eastern transvaal thirty miles kruger national park wild animals common daily lives nearly peculiar ways destructive jackals stole mother chickens broke fencing round farm giraffes entangled necks telephone wires lions occasionally carried cow dangerous lion ate heifer remember shudder picked green stick hissed twisted bit thumb wild beasts father wage unceasing war won hippos river ran end farm winter lower reaches water level dropped hippos move upstream game reserve settle farm sneaked night sank softly deep pools river announced arrival amiable deep bellow start father annual dance rage veranda frighten nearly wits hippos surprising mile remember thinking dad hippos clear tomorrow gee mad father grew older began realize roarings vows blow hippopotamuses kingdom simply excessive face saving devices
phut knew early age humans inferior breed unable dark ate drank unthinkable senses lived phut transmit thoughts resorting words arrived town house phut attempting introduce system communication pupils scant progress dinner sit corner concentrating suddenly say feed cat idea ability grasp phut messages extended bare necessities daily living unlikely increase powers town house comfortable fairly dependable routine phut routine greatest goals deplored deviation tardy meals loud noises unexplained persons premises liver week liver sunday fashionable part city phut lived home story brick house furnished thick rugs cushioned chairs tall pieces furniture look questionable visitors rise top highboy single leap chose scamper floor kitchen floor living room floor bedroom ascent carpeted staircase close flight phut siamese
stern sense duty extraordinary patience characterize true pilots agree undertake strange assignment science council mission past small country reveal location call highly confidential request prime minister desperately needed assistance soon arrived realized help wretched country ruled king remain secret let call alfonse give true idea alfonse say slightest exaggeration head wealthiest power undoubtedly turned underdeveloped countries worst problem king spent money permitted things permitted forbade things forbidden faults alfonse predecessors dangerous thing country king habit suddenly conceiving brilliant ideas raise kingdom everlasting greatness alfonse stubbornly tried heap kinds blessings labored sparing speak subjects country
blues greens cheerleaders uniforms dotted court girls routines game skip sat benches watching legs perform acrobatic tricks cheerleaders performed wheelchair basketball game leave glen worked principal school high school biggest shady hollow built gymnasium equal beautiful sprawling school zippers considered lucky able practice play game superintendents gyms cringed thought wheelchairs streaking jim influence school jim section town section homes number cars front number trees framing streets skip couldn help compare high school small toilets worked stairs outdated bent unending stream footsteps run continuously homes school homes strong wide porches enclosed backyards storied homes tiny attics top skip felt secure school secure strong house stretched telephone pole front vietnam loved running front steps stoop knowing upstairs mom dad maybe married sister kids dinner
speech sits small table children playing game called climb ladder child pronounce word correctly special sound working order move ladder step brian working hard learn sound correctly begin word teacher holds picture rabbit brian thinks hard frowns carefully says magic moment speech teacher small miracle understanding child small victory brian teacher step things easier brian soon corrected positions words brian shy happier confident child unusual success story type result speech expect completion training speech choose school system serve schools let accompany mrs smith average sized school system typical morning schools job mrs smith group arrives brian group mentioned earlier
johnny donato paced nervously front general travel van civilian camper bigger painted army olive brown soldier guard van door shifted carbine comfortable spot shoulder thick strap supported weapon dark stain perspiration soldier shirt noon hot desert sun glared blazing sky johnny squinted past tanks trucks heavily armed soldiers looking starship shimmering bright mexico sunlight starship huge round golden ball sun touched ground lightly butterfly fact johnny wasn sure touched ground cast shadow glow energies hidden inside reminded johnny sun didn sun johnny knew star pictured mind comparatively small dim stars look night glanced powerful brilliance sun stars strangers traveled distance earth mexico spot desert moment knees weak felt going collapse sandy ground maybe heat
anne sullivan looked student saw untidy ruddy child brown hair tumbled dress soiled girl helen keller terror anne told parents feel sorry anne sullivan recalled lonely childhood parents immigrated america ireland hoping escape poverty discovered simply moved place poverty mother died father longer care children anne brother jimmie jimmie died anne enduring hardships won release flung midst officials investigating crying want school half blind earlier illness perkins institution blind learned read braille taught manual alphabet teacher fingers spell words student hands sight improved undergoing operations graduated perkins institution head class encounter adventure eager undertake task teaching helen keller deaf blind mute disabilities helen keller received discipline according anne sullivan helen quick temper destructive habits atrocious table manners
silent lay tubes cold shell particle scarred air distance runner exhausted end marathon reason returned lengthy trip means devoid troubles port deserved rest gained temporarily peace sweet peace hah captain cabin feet desk enjoyed relaxation utmost beauty making crew give blow surplus steam duties worries dangers responsibilities haven safety comfort tired rovers hah chief radio officer entered cabin half dozen remaining duty bore expression think twenty things relayed signal sir handing paper waited look dictate reply taking sheet removed feet desk sat erect read message aloud headquarters remain pending orders rear admiral vane cassidy due seventeenth feldman navy op command looked happiness leathery features groaned wrong asked vaguely alarmed pointed thin books desk middle page twenty
course cleverly contrived human beings dealing thinking real energy entities waiting white hot blaze field enclosure ship miles earth majestic golden hair deep brown wide set eyes gently understand hesitations suspicions continue assure mean harm think presented proof inhabit coronal spectra stars sun weak planets solid matter completely eternally alien terrestrial secretary science common consent charge negotiations aliens admitted chief trade routes developed fields fluid yes secretary earth positions trade routes gain military importance proportion intrinsic repeat gain confidence tell exactly need jupiter question form asked looked pained secrecy important exactly secretary sounds war call hurriedly offering generous return
lived poor woman son sillibill nice young kind cheerful smart loved play happy songs fiddle draw pictures crayons useless kind wrong mother pigsty needs painted shopping town red paint yes mother answered sillibill paint beautifully returned evening pigsty looked dirty sillibill shouted promised paint pigsty answered showed large piece board painted picture pigsty look painted pig added proudly poor boy sighed mother common sense mother sick bed son lock stable door thief steal carriage stable carriage stood donkey hm thought sillibill thief break lock donkey carriage led donkey house tied fence locked stable door bed morning carriage stood left donkey stolen
fabius ray crawled slowly encyclopedia brown detective agency encyclopedia son idaville top detective surprised fabius close ground summer fabius hands knees fabius looked bugs kinds idaville knew hidden feelings bugs fabius encyclopedia watched fabius staring bug couldn stand longer encyclopedia cried ssh whispered fabius crawling closer bug stinkbug whispered fabius ooops scared sorry encyclopedia fabius stood sadly looking seeing cheered encyclopedia boy glad bug led put twenty cents meaning hire case small encyclopedia hoping fabius didn word fabius want horsefly jail problem stole camera fabius think ghost encyclopedia stared fabius ghost deserted potter house fabius encyclopedia laughed don believe ghosts believe facts facts fabius yesterday house hunt bugs picture spider ghost stairs shakes ran house leaving camera encyclopedia fabius
told strange begin morning walked kitchen bananas fruit basket skins eaten thought children lived building played garden talked met halls stairs playing trick maybe reached kitchen knowing kitchen window high knew door puzzled puzzled lived pets friends mice building knew bananas bananas apartment guess happen wondered suddenly knew learn happened hoping laid plans carefully night fruit basket night oranges bananas fruits plate left meat cheese bread sugar left plate milk closed kitchen door began wait till morning
ways tell story tell story aloud write sing story acted fun turn written story play words page story sillibill turn play lot action thing divide story scenes wrong parts story sillibill wrong scenes play wish granting part story sillibill changed scene scenes play happen scene think characters need play addition sillibill mother blue street narrator don write learn lines play think action scene say comes head want add parts story need props signs round town find background music charge playing play want costumes play ready need audience
nyurka funny fat walruses round wet eyes gave funny look appeared stupid smart trip zoo boat train locked small wooden crate water arrived tired large open sores sides washed sores fed cleaned fish cut small pieces took hands bit bit noises sounded corks popping bottle nyurka ate ten pounds fish maybe fed nyurka soon knew greet deep sharp hoots dog bark hurry meet waddling flippers quick learn quicker dogs nyurka left cage started leave feeding cover door body cry loudly trick bring food place corner cage soon nyurka started eat run quickly trick soon caught days worked problem jumping water swim pool faster door pressing body trying let leave
silly secretary tell course mayor re silly silly feelings writing letter let hours mayor knew silly feeling ultimate auto arrived york heading south highway forty miles hour ultimate auto cars painted gray driver samuel forty worked lincoln animal society upstate york dog pound running low vitamin dogs food driving york city pick york noisy smelly crowded taste traffic streets trip fun took footed friends dogs finding ride pleasant turned ultimate auto west side drive hmmm traffic slowing highway wonder streets friends knew wondering west side drive took hour blocks forty street
jamie lives big house country apple trees cherry trees grapes wild roses house porch starting fall granny says roses climbing hold hundred house live warm inside full happiness king jamie dog king sleeps kitchen stove warm sleeps red blanket dreams groans sleep jamie learning stand king stood taught walk jamie sink fingers deep king soft woolly golden coat hang tight king walked carefully step step kitchen floor jamie needed hold hand learned walk king spring explored farm jamie learned run jump summer played pond jamie king pull fall played red golden piles fallen leaves ran circles trying catch leaves floated trees touched ground winter winters summers
want king granny says jamie knows king granny stops rocking chair stares head shake says jamie earth think king dead apple trees hill uncle john put child listen says granny apple trees king anymore poor worn body aches pains begins rocking aches pains says poor king sitting head look king tired legs yellow fur named king pup pretty coat spirit kind dog spirit king uncle john says spirit king truth think couldn ground belongs king spirit home anymore jamie looks red blanket resting small quiet stove king home says
look says puppy look re mess puppy climbed box stove playing king red blanket scattered scraps paper kitchen floor empty milk bottles door knocked king water dish upside puppy cold swim drinking water mistake lying pool water shivering crying tries creep paws slide water falls begins cry jamie picks king blanket tells puppy guess care takes shivering puppy arms warms king blanket puppy frightened jamie hold tight won slide sit granny chair window watch sky turn bright golden sun comes birds singing hopping grass mist rising pond small says jamie puppy need growing guess wait kind puppy think puppy quiet warm rocking chair jamie cocks head listens carefully jamie says
riders brow hill valley broad cup filled brooding thickness prairie night light shed narrow sickle moon picked dakota valley mile white reckoned distance surrounded rim treeless hills valley floor covered ordinary growth small oaks lot brush sandy flats sparse lacing buffalo grass young elk wish blue goose effort skepticism voice yes rider left place re tell saw night youth shaman son sounded intent blue goose leaned forward pointed eastern end valley told hunting tired camp center valley fell asleep sunset dark woke awake don heard strange sound kind growl low steady running fast direction sat blanket waited
wah awakened sound log door opened surprised able sleep hour spent wondering small prison rapidly filling wah scooted body heart pounding asked giant mean chance answer eyes entered chief looked slowly ugly prison distaste dirt smell evident frown hurry keen look slave began speak usual remarks directed warriors repeated captives slaves mound builders fortunate privilege serve greatest nation entire earth eyes paused eyes moving swiftly face face trying tell effect words miserable lot labors continued food clothing place sleep slaves standing log walls move speak stared steadily ground wah black eyes snapped glittered heavy brows fury caused veins neck swell protrude
took large room broadway huge building upper stories wholly unoccupied place dust cobwebs solitude silence groping tombs invading privacy dead night climbed quarters superstitious dread turned dark angle stairway invisible cobweb swung woof face clung shuddered encountered phantom glad reached room locked mold darkness cheery fire burning grate sat comforting sense relief hours sat thinking bygone times recalling scenes summoning half forgotten faces mists past listening fancy voices ago grew silent familiar songs sings reverie softened sadder sadder pathos shrieking winds softened wail angry beating rain panes diminished tranquil patter noises street subsided fire burned low sense loneliness crept arose undressed moving tiptoe room stealthily
lillian wright adjusted venetian blinds carefully george asked husband trying satisfactory contrast tv settle ball game mrs forestall husband inevitable added hastily neighbors goodness sake sunbathing sunbathing wonder boy nice standing tremendous yard throwing ball house george heard version chinese water torture bang wall biff ground smack hand bang biff smack bang biff nice boy quiet behaved wish friends age ten say didn backward making friends hard don business odd sees stay home write dare say mrs knows upset george lillian retreated window glanced distaste television think effort neighborhood
transcript broadcast eighty birthday part central communications series young ideas action want tell asked broadcast laughed talk hack slogan put ideas absurd slogan child didn believe imagine believe stirs trouble child putting ideas mistake hated ideas ways things worked trouble finish idea kind pulley decent place try schoolhouse roof nearly dark ready climbed fastened pulley started pull pet rabbit roof sling rigged halfway rabbit scared jumped window schoolhouse town council meeting didn interrupt meeting thought caused earthquake carried encouragement put ideas
loud pop big splash hundred thousand dollars bullion diving bottom frayed rope waved air happened quick didn realize mama walking miller gasped felt moment shouting lifesaving boats stopped rowing look forlorn empty line going fro sea breeze miller yelled anguish rachel cut thought weep mama standing stern heron head boat openmouthed thought roar squeezed don believe boats stunned suddenly shore began hollering observing chests longer hanging big tubers beneath oak told later thought fool fisher tied properly worst barge yelling mama circling pack dogs jumping pounding fists looking stern spot chests hopeless endeavor ninety odd feet water passing trench pure daze finally stood mama convinced seen slash line
herr snapped open blue velvet case star liechtenstein necklace thin gold chain things sparkling end major squinted slightly big center diamond asked nearly proudly size star andorra notice surrounded multitude lapis lazuli reason liechtenstein exchange student means stevenson high states student liechtenstein sends gymnasium call high school boarding country capital vaduz operate inn place board tourists happened liechtenstein lost daughter heidi age gymnasium class fine herr continued star liechtenstein found steaming jungles india hundred ago famous liechtenstein explorer adventurer erich removed forehead small idol presented city vaduz today owned blue diamond free dr galvani leaned forward suppose curse speculation herr
emperor yuan held throne wall china land green rain readying harvest peace dominion happy sad early morning week month emperor yuan sipping tea fanning warm breeze servant ran scarlet blue garden tiles calling emperor emperor miracle yes emperor air sweet morning miracle servant bowing quickly tea mouth surely miracle excellency let guess sun risen sea blue finest miracles excellency flying emperor stopped fan saw air flying wings heard voice call sky looked dragon heavens mouth dragon paper bamboo colored sun grass early emperor wakened dream early seen seen sit emperor drink tea
presidents york central york haven hartford railroads swear stack timetables say level grand central station yes obvious step talked psychiatrist friend mine told level grand central station waking dream wish fulfillment unhappy wife kind mad explained meant modern full insecurity fear war worry rest want escape wants escape don wander level grand central station reason friends agreed points claimed stamp collecting temporary refuge reality maybe grandfather didn need refuge reality things pretty nice peaceful hear started collection nice collection blocks practically issue covers president roosevelt collected stamps anyway happened grand central night summer worked late office hurry uptown apartment decided subway grand central faster bus
modern american folk song tasty dish flavors ingredients collected countries hundred thousands immigrants shores brought folk songs traditions native lands group unique contribution rich mixture american folk music british played important part settling country surprising music important part folk music early colonists brought hundred ballads kinds folk songs england songs date fifteenth sixteenth centuries knows wrote songs formal musical background surely written professional composers passed oral tradition melodies words accepted folk songs number songs minstrels singers crisscrossed country bringing news town town castle castle wrote songs told floods births deaths battles days newspapers radios minstrel songs helped tell happening villages later british folk songs appeared print large sheets paper called broadsides
waldo stood speechless staring letting miss words sink slowly carefully folded miss note tore half half stuffed pieces pocket waldo removed book piano closed lid returned vase flowers top piano finally waldo found voice wait tell stevie gasped going call sort waldo banister ordered breathe word comics gave finally recital arrived told happened home recital hall hushed audience alert tense madame st george founder henrietta st george music school saying open recital let reached glasses suspended neck gold chain couldn escape ah yes squinting program marcia joy miller play adagio moonlight sonata ludwig van beethoven madame st george giving composer beethoven jack beethoven audience buzzed coughed shifted madame st george retired seat grand sweep marcia joy miller tall gawky girl arms shot seat dashed stage pursued ball fire safely seated piano plunged movement moonlight sonata
pictures camera dark objects photographic printing paper bright light turned seconds parts paper shaded objects paper developed parts remained white pictures called studio proof paper special kind printing paper exposed opened light bought camera photo supply stores making hard place sheet paper shiny side large book piece cardboard put interesting objects keys rings jewelry paper carry thing outdoors sunlight soon paper change white dark red bright light desk lamp sunlight longer objects paper removing bright light course white parts slowly change color dimmer room light prevent happening liquid called fixer chemical bought photo supply stores mix liquid directed pour tray dip paper fixer minutes
country lived called bee spent company bees lived small hut immense beehive creatures built corner room contained lived bees accustomed bees thought stinging stinging tree stone swarm bees hive pocket leather doublet put coat walks forest put hand pocket doublet piece honeycomb luncheon stopped hut bee junior sorcerer young person student magic interested bee noticed wanderings considered admirable subject study deal practice trying find rules laws sorcery exactly bee happen happened studied matter found junior sorcerer inquired transformed
moderately high altitude arid country steep eastern side sierra nevada reached likely camp spot night brush small trees site perished spot level stream trickling side water pure zebrina tested sight splashing gleaming presunset glow refreshing choice road nonexistent showing signs fatigue think squad zeb front seat mind stop want dictator dark soon reasonable spot tell truth tuckered patrick thought seeing shadows large thickly lashed eyes admit course ordinary circumstances let drive hours stretch knew trying prove strength want interfere looks sylvie crisp orange brown costume lost freshness longer cared celeste half asleep rear car mumbled tired ridin saw stream lookit real live water wadin
heart pounded excitement months parents sister observing planets swung orbits small hot suns light earth tell expression father face saw finally struck rich sweep inspections planets close respective suns hot cold barren father deliberately saved distance sun exist earth totally enveloped misty haze promised moisture atmosphere minutes older sister elena waited air lock father return walk surface small lifeboat mother guiding space vessel holding orbit planet air lock opened father stumbled tiny space shouted soon pull helmet saw terror eyes elena leaped controls small craft skyward quickly set course bring conjunction orbiting ship
crazy things happen expect spring turned twelve rolling usual comfortable rut dad home april excited invited head department mathematics university colorado folks decided job took decent breaths june moved asked opinion move mom dad married fifteen born think adjusted kid house maybe reason young things look fun age dull drippy chores turned rail fence look home funny thing excited folks house big set monstrous yard mow actually re close mountains street ends front vacant land stretching houses spread montgomery montgomery adams hear deaf hear mom small bouncy determined dad tall rangy gray bristly hair
dave knew getting practice cinder road maintain stride feel concrete asphalt began dodging coach stevens school dave unhappy finally decided talk johnson start running cinder road talk friend lived afternoon dave pleased dropped recognized boy step slower usual stayed johnson didn win blue ribbon accident sprained ankle suspicion happened don win blue ribbon chance chance bothering today ankle shape avoiding coach stevens cinders caused hurt ankle guess afraid run cinder track cinder road sprained ankle wasn bad set mind happen dave let suddenly dave knew expression blind face thinking ankle
hundred ago hernando cortez adventurer spain sailed coast mexico army traveled inland capital aztec empire cortez met montezuma emperor capital montezuma welcomed spaniards treated guests feasts prepared offered gifts gold jewels eyes cortez glittered greed saw wealth aztecs evil plans conquer aztecs steal treasures ship spain montezuma trusting friendly cortez deceived aztec empire conquered spaniards montezuma killed beautiful capital city destroyed aztec treasures stolen spaniards kind treasure spain gold jewels seeds tree grew mexico treasure enjoy today spaniards pretending friendly visitors court montezuma noticed emperor enjoying strange drink foamy spicy fragrant dark color spaniards asked drink taste told aztecs called call chocolate aztecs roasted seeds cacao tree ground added water spices ground vanilla plant
look earth mountains think shaped pile pine cones seeing floor wide valley think earth shaped inside bowl look plains think earth flat ago thought earth shaped part imagined living round ball ago knew part saw didn understand saw sun moon stars didn finding big earth looked flat sun move solid sky oceans looked wide rivers fringing shores earth end horizon farthest place stories thought explained things ancient babylonia thought earth inside hollow mountain floating sea inside mountain moved sun moon stars ancient egyptians believed earth god covered trees sand grass grain thought sky goddess jewels stars held god air
sally gulped couldn look mother left room noise noise answer suddenly mother thought asleep extra quiet waken sal sniffed sniff small uncertain silence swallowed sal waited think minute passed hour began feel sure watching minute passed stuck minute gasp turned mother sitting meg bed quietly sal stared habit talking backs suppose tell trouble sal aback couldn think word say don finally burst tears streaming face mother asked evenly buttons sal shouted glaring sally story tell mother tucked feet fear sally summer girl older sister brother turned
suddenly heard yelping delicatessen flashed tunnel hearts thumping tails curling nervously side side whiskers quivering dreams fancies smoke ages waited hoping news door top flared glared growled manner sufficient impress dog named maximilian suppose maximilian didn coexistence meant wait explanation run house shocking appearance put mind mind obey remember afraid dogs mask horror terrifying maximilian forgetting run dog waited waited waited sun left windowsill crept floor wall heard length paws storeroom door skirmish murmur click click clack light claws voice mousehole asa door meet maximilian mexico mice crept warily entrance stared eyes wider wider mouths fell open smiled smirked side maximilian mexico looks asa whispered bigger maximilian mouse sized huge popping eyes flaring ears thinnest body legs lilac twigs
february began dionisio spring senor indian farmers tiny paricutin village western mexico busily clearing land planting usual dionisio son wife paula neighbor help realize nightfall experience adventure rest soon forget excitement began clock afternoon senor noticed small opening ground cracks uncommon soil part mexico curiosity aroused dionisio cautiously peeped shallow fissure imagine surprise greeted puff smoke smelled strongly sulfur ground began sway beneath feet grinding rocks rumbled distant thunder beginning sulfurous smoke boiled ground accompanied glowing sparks showered area soon grass afire nearby trees quickly burst flames awed frightened seen dionisio companions linger fields hurried village excitedly told neighbors terrifying experience villagers reached senor cornfield red hot stones ashes thrown smoking vent
tiki pu small grub thing true love art deep soul hung mewing complaining struggling raw exterior bound tiki pu master professed artist apprentices students daily large studio littered performances pupils walls hung real works older dead studio tiki pu swept worked ground colors washed brushes ran errands bringing chops bird nest soup nearest eating house busy feed mainly bread crumbs students screwed pellets drawings threw floor floor sleep night tiki pu looked blinds mended paper windowpanes broken apprentices threw brushes strained rice paper linen stretchers ready painters treat lazy allow mix color tiki pu soul fingertips heart beat gasped joy yellows greens lakes purples sprang blending
hundred ago small schoolhouse port huron michigan boy scolded severely teacher paying attention lesson drawing sheet paper later inspector visited classroom teacher pointed boy boy amount waste keeping school yes schoolboy amount young thomas alva edison teacher classmates dreamy dull witted mind things grew greatest inventor country known electric light motion picture phonograph remarkable inventions millions employed billions dollars industries based inventions edison country prosperous nation today edison born town milan ohio parents moved port huron months attended local school formal education received ran home sobbing afternoon tell mother teacher mrs edison decided son crude local school teach schoolteacher married important knew son keen brilliant mind
king dead live king assassination dr martin luther king jr words scrawled crude posters carried shocked angry american flags flew half mast april crowds gathered parks stadiums churches country mourn earlier shot death stood balcony hotel memphis tennessee thirty dr king dead words live king measure worth influence short millions sense alive courageous spirit live minds hearts important begun carried forward footsteps stride freedom title book wrote sums effectively dr king martin luther king jr born atlanta georgia january negro minister wife grew loved family treated kindly roughly friends mischievous things small boys played pranks big boys play unlike boys martin learned early meant negro boy descendant slaves mother friends sons neighborhood grocer told boys longer play
happened walking sand rocks snow prince road roads lead morning standing garden bloom roses morning roses prince gazed looked flower demanded thunderstruck roses roses overcome sadness flower told kind universe thousand alike single garden annoyed cough dreadfully pretend dying avoid laughed obliged pretend nursing humble allow die reflections thought rich flower unique common rose common rose volcanoes knees extinct forever prince lay grass cried fox appeared morning fox morning prince responded politely turned saw
early afternoon spring sunshine peeping lunchroom reflected stainless steel trim uncle ulysses unpredictable automatic doughnut machine sun reflected shiny metal eyes uncle ulysses settled comfortably counter lunch chat sheriff judge uncle ulysses blinked eyes thought wind awning put motor thought button counter save steps winding yawned loud shifted position allow reflection shoulder put button thinking loud confusion judge sheriff put asked homer wiping crumbs counter yes homer uncle ulysses start put awning fellow okay uncle ulysses homer wiping pile crumbs counter apron hustled shook curb watched centerburg town hall pigeons started arriving eat crumbs hustled walk wound awning thank homer uncle ulysses homer lunchroom look mean peaceful law square sheriff demanded homer headed direction homer
sam brother henry younger henry handsome sam handsome dressed sunday school sam strong longer expected die young especially generally believed die young henry hand help mother took delight helping tabs sam jane sam cross school morning sewed shirt collar tell played hooky swimming nodded satisfaction suppertime seeing sewed henry sing ma didn sew sam shirt white thread fastened black favor sam threw clods mud henry opinion mother boy didn rise respect henry retaliated pelting stones mrs clemens punishments form saturday morning fishing borrowed rowboat sam whitewash fence add insult injury sam friends john briggs sam bowen passed fishing rods trailing shoulders morning gazing mournfully large pail whitewash sam flash genius friends believe whitewashing fence privilege began ask permission reluctant give brush gave valuables order allowed whitewash doorknobs apple cores frogs box worms things
tom mind gloomy desperate forsaken friendless boy loved found driven sorry tried let rid let let blame consequences shouldn friendless complain yes forced lead crime choice meadow lane bell school tinkled faintly ear sobbed think hear familiar sound hard forced driven cold submit forgave sobs thick fast point met soul sworn comrade joe harper hard eyed evidently dismal purpose heart plainly souls single thought tom wiping eyes sleeve began blubber resolution escape hard usage lack sympathy home roaming abroad return ended hoping joe forget transpired request joe going tom hunt purpose
afternoon becky thatcher found moping deserted schoolhouse yard feeling melancholy found comfort brass knob haven remember choked sob presently stopped wouldn say wouldn say thought broke wandered tears rolling cheeks group boys girls playmates tom joe stood looking fence talking reverent tones tom saw joe speaker pointed exact spot lost lads stood added standing close smiled awful thought meant course dispute saw dead boys claimed dismal distinction offered evidences witness ultimately decided departed exchanged words lucky parties took sort sacred importance gaped envied rest
wanted aggravate guess millard rye forget books think school think think play tell told school kind teacher feel guilty dog icebox didn answers hurt foot hazel pushed books porch railing fascinating father fascinating teacher told wanted thought going told going quit school driving taxi hundred dollars week week tell brother don tell lee married replied millard rye stopped house yesterday home wasn home car hazel black orange orange part makes look fire smoke grandly indifferent empty mind lay chair week weather gunning florida ridge central inland section occupied springs lakes low hump shouldered limestone hills
grove sighing feeding bugs drinking rain sucking earth food roots find useless raincoat whale poole pack things box garbage jogging ahead backyard gate grove correcting path peer peer trees dry drained soil business grove lay area high mixed pines stands blackjack oaks live oaks sky tender blue stealing chore set box ground hunched eyes eyes candid level coveted coveted creaky house pioneer citrus trees surrounding coveted wide air coveted uncertain witnessing hazel think think seen girls seen girls places look clean dad wanted places read books money looked
hazel matters met clamor ran yellow sunlight leaving grove leaving dawdle investigate curious hopeful unconvinced broken domain live restore kitchen hazel mother sat cleared table drinking coffee playing slice toast room received receiving powerful surprise stove top front white cabinet doors rack bathed dishes stood air drying hands knees jo poole girls working floor live enemy intended suffocate drown scrubbing wiping dipped brushes rags buckets soapy water jo soon soap worked bring hose rinse don laying coat wax won floor hour dry hazel offered surprise decided rent grove house want going tell dad minute moan escaped ona rye mouth feeling jo addressing hazel
lee dance lesson going ceramics class hazel grunted searching stare turned sideways observe roadside weed patches acres common earth water starved lake ringed sunburnt grasses maybe rain god forget send thought god communicated sparingly moments required reverent silence classes started school struck fast shapeless note note slid jerked thought god set usual corner car continued eat miles saying twelve thirty lee let hazel front bartlett gate spaces high wooden slats plants arrangement shade open kinds vines snaked ground climbed freakish growths dagger spikes octopus arms star shaped blossoms nestled waxy green vagrant bushes army rusting cans stood fruit trees fat healthy trees gardens lay bog wet spongy area populated masses plant residue chaos looked looked moment hazel bell inside gate
news jo wanda poole landed jobs maids baptist retirement home echo spring brought hazel youngest member poole family bounce door carried book asked enter tiptoe hazel house leisure room fond nod millard rye favorite pieces wall picture careening bull appeared smoke billowing nostrils hazel thought animal personality pasteboard box jewel poole hunt peering complexities morning humdrum today child intention supposed find eyes stuck head pins hazel wants re coming today supposed tell yes don hurry mama wanda re going clean lady baptist place live hazel lay sofa leg slung curved tell stay till figure dad told sick bad
brave hour clock hazel returned grove morning air sunlit sucked share lungs sped trees noting curled leaves curled moisture duress areas beneath cleaned weeds sod grass found rear grove house kneeling lengths garden hose coupled viewing satisfied eye metal laundry tubs metal buckets complete ring handles sat wait hose bright morning jewel hopping yard pretending chicken satisfaction plans forgot shy hazel called re going start watering trees today going help yah hazel hunkered blood singing squawked jewel finish digging trees rid weeds basins careful careful hazel hose holes rotten places found jar washers put hooked won leak smart don think smart yah hazel tenderness shining tenderness pure gifted furnished mind taste linked system greater
jewel recover threw arms delivered scream affected thief smiling don kid don say want real trouble reached jewel tried thrusting didn succeed merely angry mad darted forward charging thief full tilt swung struck blow head felled hey cried hey ran thief jumped thief shake rid legs clamped middle hands pulled head backward astonished seeing chance avenger getting hazel rushed cart pulled plant took quick aim let fly thief received full brunt plant landed nose loose damp soil flew directions trying rid thief began stagger dirt hair eyes moaned blinded police roared hazel police sight jewel white terrified face infuriated thought lunged thief tried kick missed charged sunk teeth forearms
bernie didn mind lack customers wet weather wife backache home leaving hold fort hazel father took usual table nearest kitchen bernie brought steaks set hazel front usual comment don stint ketchup bottle kitchen father laughed didn thing funny liked bernie steaks jokes older water bernie newspaper gossip pages echo spring ledger escaped eye concerning read took vast pleasure beating customers punch secondhand bernie sense let mind drift bernie fast talker enjoyed adding fiction fact night bernie item firsthand sense offering hazel father bernie style droll laid front page daily edition echo spring ledger table occupied hazel father stood millard rye glanced paper elbow today paper bernie mean haven seen don read newspapers hazel father trouble robbed city dump
anxiety hazel slid yah yah skipped home sit room poring illustrated plant books bartlett father wanted ride cadillac steak bernie wanted sit porch talk bernie sure steaks yes hazel strange half yellow half brown florida ridge dusk lay land lights grove house position porch steps hazel moving rooms millard rye rocked car floats don yes sir agreed hazel floats mama coming home soon reckon visit tennessee changed helped hazel hope change remarked father bright sitting collecting dumb dust yes sir hazel re give dad let bed millard rye tired ironing overalls night pulled hazel discovered grove house morning saw plants sitting neat arrangement porch
order produce air pollution burn process burning combustion sends pollution air matter burned wood coal oil gasoline waste products produced waste products form smoke dirt gases escape air special equipment needed prevent happening air pollution primitive times occurred naturally lightning set fire forests human beings contribution pollution discovered fire campfires warmth protection cooking early days fewer today lived farther burned wood fuel smoke wood burning fires bothersome later air pollution problems noticed primarily europe began living towns cities fires burned wind blow smoke thirteenth century truly unpleasant effects burning fuel observed england crowded cities low grade soft coal sulfur coal burned created lot smoke gave foul smelling sulfur fumes smoke fumes annoying laws passed stop soft coal laws enforced continued burn low grade fuel
local governments federal government taking steps nowadays help fight air pollution learn pages important things individuals includes look facts items pages light facts presented consider family community help reduce air pollution item automobile produces pollutants organic compounds carbon monoxide nitrogen oxides passenger mile bus train suggest public transportation buses trains family car interesting study recent skokie illinois chicago suburb public transportation system discontinued reinstated city noted percent reduction hydrocarbon pollutants forty square mile area happened reduction thousand daily auto trips commuters left cars home item today car half individuals united states million cars estimated car quarter individuals huge number cars pours volcano polluting substances air
excessively loud continuous sound considered environmental pollutant hazard health think reasons sound harmful loud sounds heard continuous period annoying feel nervous produce bodily permanent observation tests proved continued exposure loud sounds destroys cells ear destruction cells loss hearing loss range inability hear high low musical notes total deafness recently medical specialists noted bodily resulting noise include increased heart breathing rates reactions found skin pale pupils eyes dilate voluntary involuntary muscles tense gastric juices digestive system lessen adrenalin adrenal glands suddenly poured bloodstream blood vessels constrict smaller constriction continued damage blood vessels environment noisy evidence sources noise noise comes machines noise auto horns motorcycles rumbling trucks loud power lawn mowers power hammers construction sites telephones jet airplanes tv sets blaring cement mixers sand blasting
important think emotions important think physical needs emotions important part physical body needs born ability feel react feelings tiny baby feelings discomfort hungry cold uncomfortable baby feelings discomfort trigger crying lets needs later baby able coo feels comfortable contented held tightly baby begin show anger newborn baby startled cry beginnings fear hearing loud noise feeling sensation dropped grow older feelings complicated baby continue reactions feelings physical discomfort behavior show feelings called psychological direct physical related emotions afraid thunderstorms instance member family afraid communicated fear young child feel happy friend excited looking forward pleasant sad unhappy happened care
feelings able handle need ashamed experiences lives feel anxious angry person experiences feel overly timid fearful feelings persistently hesitate talk older person trust person try help find feeling problems bothering older parents teachers school nurse youth group leader scout leader minister priest rabbi find kind help need feeling unhappy things unwise pretend matter pushing real feelings inside sooner later anyway forms fears anxieties anger physical symptoms headaches upset stomach inability sleep restlessness concentrating affect schoolwork aspects upset feelings bottled inside ways want hurt say things parents mean
situations young age find upsetting close friendships shift change junior high friends remain age level common close friend group friends previous feel upset longer enjoy friends feel drifting drifting feel left group happy comfortable friend eager things puzzle upset reason changing relationships friendships grow older increasingly based common interests enjoyment things interests change frequently expanding experiences friends common longer share interests hobbies happens likely seek young interests similar interests happen necessarily need feel failed friend hold grudge friend think wrong
muscle contracting actually shortens length stretched rubber band shortens let loose signal muscles contract received muscle cells nerve endings located nearby muscle cells receive nerve messages conscious part brain muscles called voluntary muscles controlled wish voluntary muscles threadlike cells called muscle fibers muscle cells seen microscope show light dark stripes fibers reason called striped striated muscles picture left involuntary muscles unlike voluntary muscles orders conscious mind involuntary muscles found organs stomach lungs intestines bladder involuntary muscles smooth muscle cells cells cross striping characterizes voluntary muscle fibers picture left heart muscle involuntary muscle works conscious orders special kind muscle tissue looks striped muscles functions smooth muscles muscle fibers heart heart working automatically picture heart muscle left muscle tissue body voluntary type cells fibers packed fiber bundles turn larger bundles
tissue fluid constantly filtering liquid part blood capillary walls fluid called lymph fills spaces body cells bathes cells resembles plasma food oxygen bloodstream body cells pass lymph carbon dioxide wastes pass cells lymph blood tissue spaces overloaded tissue fluid lymph gradually carried bloodstream lymph return blood passing capillary walls entering system thin walled vessels called originate spaces cells unite form increasingly larger vessels finally empty big veins heart lymph vessels spread parts body route blood circulation picture heart pump lymph system lymph moved lymph vessels contractions skeletal muscles muscles digestive tract places lymph vessels small structures called lymph nodes cells lymph nodes filter destroy bacteria entered body tissues lymph nodes manufacture white blood cells infection starts body lymph nodes swell sore lymphatic system trying stop infection
difficult list kinds research carried medical research centers universities medical laboratories national institutes health maryland research programs designed obtain scientific knowledge help control killing crippling diseases cancer heart diseases mental illness research add knowledge function large uncharted areas brain areas known today endocrine gland system mystery research system continues field research space medicine research applications everyday living directed finding noise heat strain anxiety human body withstand researchers trying find body put top physical mental condition course research space medicine types miniature equipment checking body functioning developed breathing rates heartbeats blood pressure skin responses miniature detecting transmitting devices larger pill equipment rids patient doctor need heavy bulky apparatus permits doctor monitor patient body responses distance periods important research involving investigation living cell read pages living cell nucleus important substance called dna related substance called rna
young age wondered things overweight underweight food likes dislikes questions food nutrition ask commonly asked questions listed answer tried answer questions check ideas page pages books listed margin page helpful finding answers questions food nutrition lose weight gain weight emotions affect appetite food additives miracle foods eat effects prolonged period poor diet effect diet tooth decay kinds foods astronauts eat find nutrition jobs important things mind think overweight want lose pounds suggestions try consult doctor decide cut amount eat eliminate foods diet doctor determine overweight merely temporary weight spurt weight spurts place rapid growing doctor prescribe detail low calorie nutritious diet advisable
factors involved tooth decay caries known bacteria main contributors dental caries continuing evidence avoiding excessive amounts sweets help control bacteria lead tooth decay young growing appetites fondness snacks consume large amount sweet foods beverages estimated average teen united states consumes pounds sugar interesting teen nutritional needs met pounds sweets encourage tooth decay bacteria mouth contact ordinary sugars gummy substance called produced important part plaque recall plays important role tooth decay plaque holds bacteria teeth permits microorganisms continue reproduce removed plaque harden calculus source trouble teeth gums bacteria plaque act sugars produce acids attack tooth enamel enamel dissolved acid invades dentin continues destroy tooth bacteria begin soon sweet foods sugary drinks mouth acid production continues believed food swallowed prolongs destructive action sweet foods drinks
providing health information important service community health department clubs schools organizations obtain speakers films pamphlets health topics department help planning worthwhile health programs supplied health department health resource community private physicians dentists hospitals nursing homes mental health centers neighborhood health centers voluntary health agencies welfare department funds health services schools school nurse valuable source health information local health department backed health department rule board health health officer number bureaus communicable disease control food sanitation public health nursing health education disease control laws sanitary codes health departments local health agencies federal departments health operate laboratories physicians tests departments oversee hospitals care aged mental illness main federal health agency department health education welfare public health service phs part chart public health service divided units units health activities carried public health service
learned things help grow safely find safe ways things try form habit safety guides matter careful times suffer injuries requiring aid emergencies require think act quickly situations need knowledge correct aid procedures fingertips quiz opportunity check knowledge emergency aid situations testing check ideas pages questions emergency aid situations situations riding boat boat passenger boat riding falls overboard falls dock float swim calls help standing shore person needs artificial respiration give house fire breaks wake middle night smell smoke room cut hand bleeding severely young child care nosebleed small child care swallowed choking
save nearly drowned person person breathing stoppage air lungs fastest breathing machine arrives mouth mouth breathing prepared give kind artificial respiration casually read simple method emergency able remember successfully save follow numbered steps pictured read directions clear victim mouth visible obstructions lift neck tilt head holding crown hand pull chin upward hand produce wider air passage inflate victim lungs breathing mouth breathe mouth sure pinch victim nostrils shut prevent leakage air breathe nose mouth nose breathing hold mouth shut prevent air leakage blow rate seconds remove mouth let victim exhale passively continue efforts trained medical help arrives note case infant small child seal victim mouth nose lips breathe gently nose mouth rate seconds detect fire doubt ability put call fire department
think child care swallowed medicine household cleaning product poisonous give child half glass milk water dilute poison touch doctor child parents telephone hand container material think poisonous read label doctor tell live large city calling doctor ask operator connect poison control center center tell exactly idea phone number doctor poison control center phone health feel faint especially hungry overtired emotionally upset result inadequate supply blood brain feel faint lie head lower feet sit bend head knees position blood flow brain helps deep breaths give aid person fainted keeping flat position head slightly lower rest body
growing question young wonder special concern boys shorter classmates girls early growers reassuring answers question growing found story growth variations teen understanding human growth patterns important part story facts growth takes place presented ago height weight studies young adults concerned mainly averages heights large number thirteen boys added sum heights divided number boys group resulting figure average height similar studies conducted find average heights ages later additional studies find average weights age height findings studies public chart form apparent information average heights weights confusion mistakenly believe terms average height average weight mean height weight understand wide variations average figures normal expected pages ranges height weight young aged thirteen sixteen today physicians give advice human growth realize knowing averages nearly important knowing age vary height weight
matter posture improvement want consider teen posture faults develop girls early growers instance begin slouch hide height remember posture helps person look feel carry daily activities fatigue pictures basic workout help improve posture pages consideration posture mind perfect standing walking sitting posture individuals differ height weight body build differ posture reasons differences joints especially joints bear weight body upright position differences structure muscles postures general line body graceful body weight distributed give maximum support strain postures encourage efficient body movement functioning posture body balance picture poor postures stiffly erect picture sagging picture postures tension strain joints harmful normal body functions spoil appearance develop posture habits step sure constitutes acceptable postures standing walking sitting carrying heavy objects
teen tooth decay dental caries increases rapidly period important teeth condition prevent cavities teen young teeth moved proper alignment orthodontic care procedure raises questions want answered pages find answers questions tooth decay known known sugars starches foods eat bacteria teeth decay bacteria present mouth act sugars starches produce acids dissolve tooth enamel eventually enamel broken tiny places bacteria dentin underneath enamel destroy dentin hard bony material forms main part tooth picture cavity formed dentin cleaned filled dentist decay spread soft pulp center tooth look pulp marginal picture pulp infected abscess pus form inside tooth tip root toothache results swelling occur nerves blood vessels pulp destroyed decay spreads pulp
alcoholic beverage beverage ethyl alcohol common types alcoholic beverages beer wine distilled hard liquors whiskey rum gin alcoholic content beer approximately percent wines vary alcoholic content percent alcoholic content wine raised high percent wine fortified addition alcohol hard liquors alcoholic content percent alcohol content hard liquor stated bottle terms proof proof beverage percent alcohol half amount stated proof alcohol burned body produces energy classed food poor kind food actually energy food alcohol vitamins proteins minerals growth health alcohol classed drug mistakenly think stimulant alcohol depressant sedative stimulant speed activity body functions caffeine coffee tea cola drinks stimulant depressant drug hand affects nervous system functions body slowed depressant makes person drowsy dulls senses alcohol body digested foods
united states spend billion dollars worthless treatments physical ailments useless gadgets devices sold cures illnesses ineffective health aids varieties words country spend billion dollars health quackery form food quackery worthless treatments health aids obtained known health quacks health quack practices medicine proper qualifications boasts knowledge miraculous remedies recall examples quackery read heard mind true instances quackery pages read examples decide involve chiefly waste money endanger health endanger course cure white coated assured diabetic patient chrome cure disease pointed impressive looking metal box lighted opening side explained cure disease rays light box directed ailing parts body add secret magic called cure procedure performed phase moon patient disease patient elderly impressed machine professional manner white coat
wonder fall health quacks health quackery reasons country conscious factors affect health varied information foods health standards person tempted look simple ways solve complicated problems person learn amount food vitamin needed diet person thinks amount ten times amount thinking kind result inadequate knowledge health nutrition harmful results person hear read food vitamin offers promise helping problems thinks product possibly hurt maybe claims person alert health quackery fall hands quacks want money selling worthless products person special knowledge food nutrition health health quack qualified person quack office look physician walls office display diplomas kinds examined closely diplomas turn fakes correspondence schools institutions train qualified physicians quack smooth talker persuasive salesperson medical terms try impress patients
heard adult speak low cholesterol diet mean cholesterol fatlike substance found brain nerves liver blood tissues cholesterol health problems deposited walls arteries saturated fats found animal foods beef pork lamb solid cooking fats butter lard tend increase blood cholesterol polyunsaturated fats mainly vegetable origin include vegetable cooking oils corn oil peanut oil tend lower blood cholesterol low cholesterol diet low saturated fats person diet attempt substitute polyunsaturated fats saturated research teen agers older try watch cholesterol intake cutting eggs eliminating entirely diet foods low saturated fat poultry fish veal lean meats skim milk cereals fine protein foods foods nourishing pork beef lamb high saturated fat idea cut cut foods half population subsist diets inadequate health result millions suffer shortage calories severe deficiencies proteins vitamins minerals starvation
term human relations refers interactions individuals goes relationships helpful cooperative lead misunderstandings conflicts wars school human relations involve goes teachers classmates home human relations involve feel parents brothers sisters relatives city town live human relations include ways play talk react encouraging supportive human relations persons harmful destructive think situation noticed acting supportive happened think situation person harmed attitudes behavior happened situation handled differently behavior young person adult combination circumstances led kind behavior occurred person knows reason behavior times action known understood words conscious reasons actions things reasons depending experiences lives instance suppose boys stolen apples
compensation person makes actual imagined lack skill ability compensation commonly mechanisms defense times tries develop ways substitute successful examples compensation wholesome response situation boy thinks weak arm shoulder muscles works weightlifting develop greater muscle strength boy athletic ability compensates developing hobby photography blind person develops training unusual sense touch fingertips rapidly read raised printing braille girl worries awkward joins class modern dance graceful overdo efforts compensate real imagined handicap boy weightlifting instance talks excessively brags weightlifting compensate trying cover frightening disturbing feelings giving impression feeling opposite covering fear actions behavior polite cover hostile feelings person feels inferior bully act
think contact poison ivy poison oak sumac bathe soap hot water rinse repeat soaping rinse sponge rubbing alcohol complete change clothes oil plant clothes give contact poison rash appears calamine lotion learn recognize poisonous plants pictures left cover frostbitten part warm hand piece woolen material rub rubbing increases risk tissue injury indoors soon soak frostbitten part lukewarm hot water wrap warm blankets warm drink suffering frostbite aware symptom frostbite grayish yellow skin results frozen tissue mild burn blisters immerse burned part comfortably cold tap water add ice cool water continue remove burned part water feel pain apply ice cold cloths immediately bruise reduce swelling relieve pain stop hiccups drinking water slowly half teaspoon baking soda added water remedy lie wash wound soap water apply sterile pad bandage doctor promptly
effective modern drugs resulted research study endocrine glands hormones information endocrine glands found unit known hormone drugs insulin cortisone acth stories development hormone drugs interesting accounts give evidence progress developing drug takes effort progress involves person contributes final achievement important step forward hormone drugs took place canada research workers named banting studying secretions pancreas hope finding treatment diabetes workers similar studies diabetes disease body proper sugar starch known pancreas greatly feared known treatment starvation diet controlled diet patients died experimenting dogs banting found extract secretion islets langerhans gland formed small groups cells lying pancreas later researchers extracted secretion cows found secretion actually hormone insulin revived animals dying diabetes step find purifying extract putting commercial production task brilliant biochemist james assistance
goal medical research directed exchanging diseased worn tissues organs artificial substitutes healthy living replacements progress transplants especially connection tissues transplanted short term periods tissue needed short serve purpose rejected body blood considered tissue transferred person blood properly matched blood separated parts transfusions injections blood merely bridges gap body additional blood person scarred clouded corneas eyes clear corneas transplant takes place forty hours death donor clear corneas cases dehydrated corneas stored months suffering disease called leukemia aided temporarily receiving transplants bone marrow bones bone transplants bridge fractures unite replace sections large bones damaged bone tumors fuse joints remodel jaws noses advance transplants development bone building material bones calves eventually human bone transplants replaced bone substitute weakened portions blood vessels replaced
form land misuse increasing paving land build roads parking lots airport landing strips housing developments thousands thousands acres green earth lost construction photographs page loss green plants earth surface detracts quality environment decrease green plants affect comfort quality air beneficial effects grass home school neighborhood beauty grass green plants oxygen water animals need survive grass helps hold dust soot pollute air summer water grass green plants helps cool surroundings grass acts noise absorber cuts noise sources minimize misuse land covering green areas concrete land planning solution instance areas built areas rebuilt important adequate space green growing areas included provision lawns parks open grassy areas examples type planning seen community examples called totally planned communities read heard united states countries
insecticides herbicides crop destruction insects weeds threat food supplies increase diseases malaria yellow fever carried types mosquitoes insect borne diseases typhus rocky mountain spotted fever increase problem careful insecticides herbicides seek eliminate completely important step recently banning ddt united states minor public health limiting lasting insecticides types insecticides substituted types harmful ddt botanical poisons short lived poisons extracted plants leave harmful remains environment educated minimum quantities insecticides herbicides estimated frequently percent insect weed killers needed increasing attention natural ways controlling insect pests gardeners reminded helpful role ladybugs toads lizards salamanders nonpoisonous snakes spiders eating pests ruin plants ability plants kill insect pests plants onion plants asters marigolds herbs kill insect pests plants interspersed garden plants
change environment increase kinds levels noise occurred noise accompanied fast pace industrialization increasing machines result today especially cities bombarded noise noise machinery home noise sirens buses television sets motorcycles power mowers jackhammers ill effects noise human beings suspected research studies document ill effects effects sudden prolonged noise produce heart beats rapidly blood vessels contract adrenalin blood adrenal glands stressful situations pupils eyes dilate spasms occur esophagus stomach intestines nervous tired permanent hearing loss occur noise dismissed merely unwanted sound pollution caused noise step try muffle loud noise carpeting floors acoustical tile walls ceilings homes schools offices industry machines developed replace older noisier types instance machine called road cookie cutter produced replace loud pneumatic drill
ships trade early times carried news ideas place place early ships stayed close shore believed giant sea monsters waiting swallow ships thought earth flat ships sail edge sailors knew strong storms sea able wreck small ships took voyages norse europeans gain skills desire voyages sea happened voyages changed history norse sail west late sailors brave sail unknown ocean daring norse northmen seafarers northern europe called vikings late norse sailors left homelands seek wealth trade find lands norse explorers sailed iceland greenland norse sailor told leif ericsson crew wooded land west greenland bjarni sailed norway father greenland storm blew ship course sailed past greenland coast unknown land norse settle north america finding land exploring leif ericsson sailed places north american coast
coronado travels southwest marcos de niza returned mexico saying seen cities gold visit cities confused clay buildings gleamed sun distance indians area built clay marcos report inspired francisco vasquez de coronado organize large treasure hunting expedition find cities expeditions cattle horses introduced borderlands strays herds spaniards took expeditions famous longhorns wild mustangs west southwest coronado traveled area later southwestern part united states map page explored large desert zuni hopi apache navajo indians lived found splendid cities gold expedition later gave spain claim vast territory north mexico de soto sees mississippi river spanish explorer hernando de soto journeyed north de soto pizarro soldiers hoped find land wealthy incas florida lands gulf mexico de soto expedition traveled area southeastern region united states crossing mississippi river de soto ill fever died expedition returned mexico finding gold explorers claimed lands spain told seeing north america river mississippi
la claims louisiana louis count frontenac governor france interested enlarging france helped la raise money expedition follow mississippi river mouth la group set january reached gulf mexico months later expedition set wooden column cross symbol french king la declared lands mississippi river tributaries flowed belonged france named vast territory actually entire mississippi valley louisiana honor king france louis xiv la quickly returned france persuade king build strong fort mouth mississippi king agreed provided money ships la gulf mexico reaching mississippi landed today bay texas la led expedition dangerous overland march try find mississippi group suffered terrible hardships followers turned la killed france greatly enlarged la knowing exactly land claimed france louisiana defined stretched appalachian mountains east rocky mountains west extended today minnesota north gulf mexico south
battles lexington concord took place april weeks afterward british army stayed boston making move americans camped countryside british waiting june fighting began led unforgettable bloody battle led war fighting breaks bunker hill morning june british commander general thomas gage ordered troops set artillery dorchester heights hill boston americans learned general gage plan promptly fortified spot called breed hill moved troops nearby bunker hill gage ordered general william howe soldiers seize breed hill june hot muggy nonetheless british soldiers full uniform carried heavy knapsacks backs clear bright red targets marched breed hill americans waiting british neared rain shot bullets poured pause break firing soldiers stopped reload weapons americans hit idea staggering loading firing group fired reloaded rifles muskets surprised redcoats fell hundreds americans lost advantage ammunition run confusion battle american supply lines failed americans sat helplessly waiting british took breed hill
issues settled constitutional convention actually begin write constitution delegates soon realized choices arguments issues bitter destroyed convention nonetheless delegates committed making plan government continued meet hot summer months big states favor virginia plan big conflict convention arose question representation big small states congress main plans edmund randolph virginia proposed plan james madison designed virginia plan called proposed national government branches legislative executive judicial legislative branch congress laws executive branch carry laws judicial branch judge meaning laws ways applied according virginia plan congress bicameral means chambers houses lower house elected eligible voters legislature nominate candidates upper house representatives lower house vote candidates number members chosen houses depend size population larger states representatives votes smaller states national legislature laws majority vote members houses congress
letter friend benjamin franklin wrote constitution actual operation appears promise death taxes franklin watched proudly american government took shape legislative branch organized united states congress met york city april house representatives senate settle choose leaders begin legislate laws action house representatives choose speaker house leader according constitution official president senate vice president united states vice president present preside senate senate choose temporary president president pro temporary president presides vice president absent session congress important pieces legislation passed important ten amendments constitution known bill rights addition bill rights constitution proposed june james madison delegate virginia madison proposal order fulfill pledge federalists constitution ratified purpose bill rights guarantee citizen civil liberties freedom speech freedom press freedom religion freedom assembly
jackson supreme court president jackson angry learned marshall ruling jackson decided follow advice friend frontier hero davy crockett sure ahead jackson sure removal indians clear marshall government enforce supreme court decision decision jackson roared let enforce cherokees travel trail tears cherokees continued resist georgia efforts remove cherokees realized case hopeless decided leave called months georgia late drive driven homes federal soldiers trip indian territory cherokees lost fourth reason remember journey trail tears chief black hawk leads fox battle indian removal act included indians northwest tribes south fox tribes illinois wisconsin forced leave lands resettle west mississippi river arrived territory attacked western indians western indians fox invaders threatened land fox suffered heavy losses wars leader chief black hawk decided bring safety wisconsin illinois
dorothea dix concerned mentally ill pioneers helping mentally ill dorothea dix massachusetts teacher author children books interested problems mentally ill invited teach sunday school class prison cambridge massachusetts saw mentally ill starving locked cages chained poorly dressed horrified traveled massachusetts visiting public place housed mentally ill put prisons poor houses shelters needy saddened saw mental patients believed hopeless cases locked society received medical care dorothea dix devoted getting treatment mentally ill called kindness patience dealing women children demanded medical care clean pleasant surroundings tireless efforts traveled widely united states seeking gain support dix campaign lonely discouraging success massachusetts government voted money build hospital mental patients patients received special attention care slowly states began building hospitals mentally ill start handicapped helped handicapped group needed special care receive trouble brewing mexico united states texas revolution mid mexicans felt americans trying lands americans hand felt mexico trying block westward progress democracy end nations compromise settle problems war annexation texas angers mexico political leaders mexico surprised united states annexed texas angry texas belonged mexico march mexico broke relations united states began prepare war president polk knew american voters supported strong stand mexico fact president americans sincerely believed united states stretch atlantic pacific manifest destiny encourages westward expansion americans supported expansion growth united states called expansionists felt america push westward part larger plan united states february representative andrew kennedy indiana america grown restless wave sir glorious destiny written map finger god later newspaper editor named john sullivan repeated kennedy idea editorial sullivan claimed nation manifest destiny fate lands texas pacific
trouble brewing mexico united states texas revolution mid mexicans felt americans trying lands americans hand felt mexico trying block westward progress democracy end nations compromise settle problems war annexation texas angers mexico political leaders mexico surprised united states annexed texas angry texas belonged mexico march mexico broke relations united states began prepare war president polk knew american voters supported strong stand mexico fact president americans sincerely believed united states stretch atlantic pacific manifest destiny encourages westward expansion americans supported expansion growth united states called expansionists felt america push westward part larger plan united states february representative andrew kennedy indiana america grown restless wave sir glorious destiny written map finger god later newspaper editor named john sullivan repeated kennedy idea editorial sullivan claimed nation manifest destiny fate lands texas pacific
joseph makes barbed wire cattle rancher named joseph found solution fence problem positioned posts ground strung strands wire post post twisted wire inches sharp barb wire thorn stuck wire stop hungry steer sharp barbs settlers quickly realized barbed wire end bought vast amounts barbed wire wealthy finding water problem major problem settlers finding water supply rely rainfall crops family rain water ran quickly thick grassy sod seep ground settlers tried digging wells east water deep surface windmills able pump water struggling homesteaders able afford windmills homesteaders learn drop rainwater experts dry farming planting crops keeps soil moist longer homesteaders face solve problems found buffalo chips corncobs cornstalks fuel built houses squares hard sod piled top slowly pioneer families grew frontier
business leaders millionaires late americans able earn high wages nation growing middle class hours offices shops fairly low wages hardest america factory workers america industrial growth depended ordinary women worked factories mills late wages factories low competition jobs high laws setting standards wages hiring firing practices employee safety workers improve lives join workers decide join competition jobs growing fierce irish german immigrants filled cities willing wage businesses took advantage large labor supply wages low workday workers realized early unite order bargain working conditions early workers begun form unions labor organizations hoped raise wages improve working conditions early unions craft unions workers unionize artisans skilled craftspeople blacksmiths printers bakers weavers sail makers cabinetmakers worked small shops factories poor unskilled workers complaints workday wages end craft unions listed members
business leaders turn monopoly companies growing larger disappearing happening business competition business leaders decided competition ruining industries american businesses produced goods result prices goods fell fact prices falling slowly steadily america economy unstable business panics periods financial crisis lost confidence bonds stocks companies destroyed end gilded age business leaders talking benefits competition evils unrestrained competition competition controls began look ways control prices production easiest control industry business leaders knew form monopoly monopoly company produced controlled product service competition able control amount produced charge price chose buyers choice pay price business leaders form pools form monopoly create pool cartel type organization owners businesses industry joined agreed prices charge goods services agreed amount goods produce pool members avoided production sure competition drive prices
twenty amendment approved congress proposed twenty amendment constitution amendment limited president terms office reaction franklin roosevelt election terms president roosevelt served president death office president serve terms twenty amendment ratified large number americans supported amendment check president powerful truman upsets dewey thought president harry truman win reelection president public opinion polls showed republican party candidate governor thomas dewey york popular truman president democratic party divided group conservative southern democrats opposed truman civil rights program refused support truman formed states rights party called dixiecrat party nominated governor strom thurmond south carolina candidate president vice president henry wallace led group democrats party group liberal truman formed progressive party wallace candidate election truman chance victory fighter boarded train whistle stop campaign speak directly voters train whistle announced truman arrival stations cities towns america
campaigning presidency kennedy called americans part meeting challenges faced asked citizens help improve american reminded nation america leadership depended full support powerful image america past frontier inspire stand today edge frontier declared presidency kennedy worked tirelessly meet challenges kennedy serves nation john kennedy born massachusetts father joseph kennedy grandson poor irish immigrants boston joseph kennedy worked hard rich powerful business leader served american ambassador britain john kennedy received fine education graduating harvard university learned politics father served ambassador britain war ii kennedy naval officer pacific served bravely awarded nation highest medals heroism kennedy entered politics elected house representatives massachusetts kennedy elected senator massachusetts won term later hospital stay injury kennedy wrote profiles courage book leaders especially respected courage strength senator kennedy soon admired political ability intelligence friendly manner
americans proud heritage nation beginning today americans worked hard insure freedom dignity nation soon hard won victory war independence george washington challenge freedom faced americans inaugural address president washington declared preservation sacred fire liberty destiny republican model government experiment entrusted hands american washington present generation americans faced challenge preserving strengthening freedom americans today meeting challenge women opportunities american women worked equal rights today effort continues america women impressive gains recent women today homes early half nation force women contrast workers women working women tended earn women workers averaged wages male workers women found growing job opportunities offices factories professions law medicine engineering number women lawyers increased woman lawyer sandra connor appointed supreme court
despite bitterness sides aftermath civil war comparatively mild jefferson davis president confederacy jailed couple southern officials received pardons general robert lee spent honored president washington college virginia important postwar conflict involved question brought war status blacks south thirteenth amendment freed slaves assure rights citizens problem quickly entangled problem restoring south union president lincoln hoped reconstruct union quickly appointed civilian governors southern states captured union forces offered amnesty southern leaders lincoln death president andrew johnson adopted essentially policies fall south appeared reconstructed southern states elected civilian governments representatives washington unfortunately adopted laws regulating freedmen called black codes laws restricted blacks ways prohibited voting performing jury duty prevented loitering assembling public places segregated races public places southerners black codes fair manage poverty ignorance northerners looked laws slavery dismayed saw confederates filling key offices reconstructed states
important figure republican party james blaine white plumed knight maine blaine speaker house reconstruction leading republican presidential nomination convention death blaine secured nomination helped dictate choice convention cut dashing figure universally admired political career spanned blaine responsible laws importance high tariff bloody shirt creed republican party remained divided war names factions changed blaine followers called half breeds opposing faction called stalwarts led conkling senator york head party organization controlled federal customs house york city york customs house offered numerous opportunities graft patronage conflict half breeds stalwarts contest control republican party important principle policy separated president ulysses grant personally honest naive staffed white house military friends flatly refused believe corrupt realize private secretary colonel orville babcock elbows graft grant political innocent white house smoke dinner cigar stand gate pennsylvania avenue chat passersby amiably revealing government plans policies
distinguished family father lyman beecher country known ministers andrew jackson brother henry ward beecher equally famous clergyman civil war era sister harriet beecher stowe renowned author uncle tom cabin refusing overshadowed catherine beecher carved career earned reputation catherine beecher specialty educating women opened girls school hartford connecticut founded institutes cincinnati milwaukee provided funds advice dozens margaret fuller generation catherine beecher viewed education means women social legal restraints bound wanted train women professionals vast majority women worked homes believed making housekeeping science published theories treatise domestic economy theory scientific management help homemaker lacked mechanical appliances home catherine beecher primitive heating fireplace lighting candle toilets outdoors bathing portable tub kitchen center food complex included icehouse spring root cellar wood pile meat preserved smoking salting root vegetables cellar
generation eastern european jews created broader jewish american cultural german jews organized jewish community centers theaters clubs literary societies founded schools started newspapers magazines participated actively american civic supporting education children going night school involved politics fact jewish immigrants developed distinctly jewish culture america aroused suspicion hostility non jewish neighbors accustomed immigrants eager blend american melting pot understand group wanted americans preserve distinct culture traditions jews catholics suffered extent suffer prejudice roman catholics earliest settlers america colony maryland fact founded refuge english catholics catholics achieved prominence charles carroll signer declaration independence reputed wealthiest century america elizabeth seton baltimore founded religious order women native born american saint catholic church number catholics remained small thousands irish catholics migrated united states number american catholics increased rapidly million catholics nation percent population numbered nearly million percent americans
theodore roosevelt begun white house retired public office respecting tradition president serve terms ready abandon public returning america june big game hunt africa roosevelt editor progressive outlook magazine public statements republican politics distressed taft handling progressive issues concluded taft completely twisted policies advocated acted roosevelt introduced idea nationalism insisted nation needed strong federal government focus social justice human welfare rights community privileges small group wealthy women demanded americans square deal government program included compensation workers injuries suffered job regulation child labor protection women workers lowering tariff firm regulation big business roosevelt asked graduated income tax tax system incomes rich taxed incomes poor progressives hailed program conservatives shuddered roosevelt stunning impression program stated seeking republican nomination president progressives formed national progressive republican league january intended nomination robert la
latin america east echoes spanish american war heard shooting stopped united states special interest latin america united states policy latin america aggressively domineering government actively encouraged businesses invest latin american properties moved protect investments military guardianship cuba called protectorate country colony latin americans resented meddling trip south america took ships caribbean joined ships pacific spanish american war war united states imperial interests sides continent united states maintain navies atlantic caribbean pacific order business war ended construction canal central america canal fleet pass quickly ocean map routes republic nicaragua route chain lakes shorter route isthmus panama offered advantage ditch dug french canal company begun canal french abandoned project lack funds
supreme court declared aaa unconstitutional deal farm program agricultural adjustment act carefully drawn contained number measures designed cut farm production hurting small tenant farmers approval thirds farmers area agriculture department set crop production quotas tell farmer crop grow market law provided storage surplus crops crops destroyed farmer place crop storage price meantime government lend farmer money living expenses price determined system known parity means equality parity attempt give farmers purchasing power period farm prosperity average farm prices base current prices close parity base farmer sold stored crop repaid government loan market price remained parity farmer loan government crops farm program passed tested wartime demand raised food prices brought unparalleled prosperity farmers
hitler predicted correctly britain france help poland ill equipped polish armies put spirited defense midwinter poland disappeared map europe divided nazi germany communist russia britain landed army france allies prepared fight trench stalemate war reinforced france maginot line chain concrete forts german frontier waited hitler attack german generals developed effective method attack lightning warfare german blitzkrieg dive bombers air combined tanks mounted artillery ground concentrated intense fire section enemy line german infantry rolled break enemy line conquered territory europe fell german blitzkrieg months map page spring brought weather air ground operations hitler armies april german descended denmark norway seizing governments hoped remain neutral german panzer armored divisions swept low countries maginot line northern france mussolini hoping gain seat peace table declared war attacked france rear france yielded june hitler northern half country promise french military ruler southern half remain neutral trapped channel port dunkirk british army carried desperate daring evacuation personnel war equipment motor launch fishing craft
winston churchill aged strain war toll health lonely sadness british postwar election swept party office fire burned brighter churchill stepped stage westminster college fulton missouri march invited college speak churchill decided opportunity plea americans president truman audience knew british prime minister going say approved stettin baltic trieste adriatic intoned churchill gravely iron curtain descended continent europe police governments controlled eastern europe continued soviet communism stopped sweep east balkans italy france fall victim communist parties entire western endangered churchill words fighting words reflected tense mood postwar era war ii ended ending brought peace germany austria divided treaty victorious allies division symbolized growing division armed hostile camps giant powers united states soviet union dominated soviet armies occupied central europe soviet diplomats setting pro soviet governments
americans troubles endured war depression brink nuclear disaster seldom things looked bad summer shocked apparent soviet lead space technology americans began doubt system critics attacked american educational system pointing soviet union training scientists engineers economists thought fault lay american society annually spent cosmetics education bemoaned sluggish growth rate american economy comparing rapid advances claimed soviet union growth rates maintained predicted soviet union united states soviet leader nikita khrushchev situation bury boasted knew meant economic competition military force american nerves drew tighter predicted grandchildren americans someday communists wrong summer june japanese government informed president eisenhower guarantee safety scheduled visit country humiliating moment eisenhower weeks later african nation congo dissolved civil war belgian colonial authorities departed taking advantage confusion khrushchev soviet arms technicians country united nations peacekeeping force eventually restored order concern growing communist influence africa lingered
gained support urgent need attention la mexican americans california grape pickers california vineyards poorest exploited laborers nation worked months pay low annual income dollars government estimated adequate living industries labor costs amount half cost finished products california vineyards wages accounted cents dollar spent growers cesar chavez strike la huelga began spent youth migratory farm worker determined help labor organization chavez spent learning art organizing moved delano california vineyards picking grapes winning recruits mexican american national farm workers association members area strike broke la huelga started filipino workers organized afl cio stronger chavez group joined december afl cio merged groups single union movements appeared california vineyards defeated intimidation dismissals grape growers nearly unlimited source strikebreakers mexican nationals temporary permission enter united states harvest
democrats solid majorities houses congress president carter difficulty getting programs enacted spring announced comprehensive energy program emphasized conservation fuel encouraging americans home insulation wanted tax big gas guzzling cars wanted allocate federal money energy research congress passed painful features program tax incentives home insulation balked increasing taxes expenditures energy administration failed provide leadership wrangling congress passed legislation bore resemblance president energy programs carter executive powers help minorities women appointed hispanics white house staff special assistants fabian chavez alex andrew young black serve united states ambassador united nations women appointed cabinet posts patricia roberts harris secretary housing urban development juanita secretary commerce carter number women appointed federal judges doubled president lobbied ratification equal rights amendment early administration carter emerged key adviser personal envoy jacqueline kennedy eleanor roosevelt wife president played important role carter visited latin america president personal representative worked hard successfully behalf legislation benefit suffering mental illness
realism american diplomacy simply recognition fact communists puppets soviet union substitute fashioned diplomacy cold war confrontation dramatic step change president richard nixon visit communist china february opening relations chinese important event presidency selection newspaper reporter recounts steps leading historic journey president nixon week changed incredible week summit conferences banquets televised china secret origin decision weeks administration nixon resolved early revolutionary break united states policy communist china effort end decades isolation hostility nations confided close friends hoped visit china died proved impossible wanted children mysterious forbidden land january prospect nixon dream favorite fantasy united states half million troops vietnam fighting war communists war officially justified previous administration stop aggressive advance communism headquartered peking communist china nation fought american troops korean war pariah barred united nations cut trade travel relations united states
mexican americans poorest united states worked dollar huge farms vineyards central california late cesar chavez founded united farm workers organizing committee part labor union aim improve lot poor mexican american farm laborers union poor farm workers able fight wages improved working conditions fear fired jobs cesar chavez poor farm worker days family lost arizona farm depression selection describes helped farm workers california organize union drew map towns stockton including farm camps decided hit small nucleus working months traveled planting idea simple questionnaire card space address worker thought paid wife helen mimeographed took kids jaunts towns distributing cards door door camps groceries cards valley counties lot contacts shocked wages asking
americans born referred members baby boom writer article excerpted discusses ways adjusting place labor market career areas expected grow group moves middle age average age future population affect choice career scope problem facing baby boomers quickly comprehended latest demographic data according morrison peter morrison director rand corporation population research center size age group baby boomers moving en masse increase percent total number jobs rise percent period says data resources economic forecasting company going intensification middle upper middle level jobs predicted pat wash labor economist bureau labor statistics fewer advancement opportunities find bosses age dampening effect wages oversupply intense competition jobs slowed rise wages baby boomers moved teen mid lives progress predicted going match parents
small slim girl scarcely playing leapfrog cabin boys english ships jamestown months friendly visitor pocahontas daughter powhatan dominant indian leader part virginia friction races english landed april indians naturally resented intrusion lands sides engaged petty thievery hostages recover captives powhatan delegation jamestown pocahontas give mission peaceful color excellent choice youthful innocence naturally friendly open father called matoaka snow feather captain john smith leaders colony quickly recognized treating uncle favored niece smith taught english words learned indian language food gave jamestown pocahontas relatives borrow indian corn smith later wrote instrument saved colony death famine utter confusion prevent hostility smith powhatan balance mixing generosity threats smith left colony powhatan declared war sure english aid powhatan ordered daughter stay reluctantly obeyed
march spring england spirits risen warm sunshine begun realizing tiny plymouth settlement survived winter stranger town tall indian dressed bow arrow marched boldly street meetinghouse families fled crude wood cabins town leaders intercepted newcomer welcome fair english told settlers astonished pilgrims lowered weapons begun asking questions discovered learned english fished coast fact friend squanto spoken english visited england times traveler thing pilgrims expected find american woods ready plymouth plymouth unprepared indian visitor pilgrims soon discovered knew massasoit indian leader part england pilgrims important neighbor worth knowing friends returned squanto friends brought beaver skins trade began lasting friendship squanto remained pilgrims end days guided fishing spots showed grow indian corn american crop unknown england
america look visitors wilderness road york philadelphia dirt trail vast forest oak ash dark forbidding woods broken occasional opening pioneer american indian labored half lifetime clear patch corn million americans scattered kilometers miles coastline settlement kilometers miles inland nearly lived farms small villages cities cities important influential centers trade sources european goods published newspapers printed books supported doctors lawyers centers government philadelphia inhabitants boasted fire department library public hospital america newspapers london german streets sidewalks paved lighted lamps night regular night watch patrolled streets order call give philadelphians periodic weather reports boston york york rapidly surging ahead york surpassed philadelphia largest city america york looked dutch town
patient sufferance colonies necessity constrains alter systems government history present king britain history repeated injuries usurpations direct object establishment absolute tyranny states prove let facts submitted candid refused assent laws wholesome public forbidden governors pass laws pressing importance suspended operation till assent obtained suspended utterly neglected attend refused pass laws accommodation large districts relinquish representation legislature inestimable formidable tyrants called legislative bodies places unusual uncomfortable distant depository public records sole purpose fatiguing compliance measures dissolved representative houses repeatedly opposing manly firmness invasions rights refused dissolutions elected legislative powers incapable annihilation returned large exercise remaining mean exposed dangers invasion convulsions endeavored prevent population states purpose obstructing laws naturalization foreigners refusing pass encourage migration raising conditions appropriations lands
british determined end war destroy nation planned invade upper york lake champlain proceed hudson river york city strategy supposed split colonies shatter american morale charge invasion general john burgoyne helped chase benedict arnold canada king supplied fresh army soldiers burgoyne marched york howe planned attack philadelphia capture headquarters american government burgoyne march dramatic event stake americans stop organized force washington follow howe south philadelphia getting june burgoyne swept lake champlain captured american force ticonderoga scarcely shot fired started mountain ridge hudson river proved slow going americans felled trees road step farther burgoyne york woods difficult advance green mountain boys closing threatening supply lines burgoyne hessians bennington vermont food surrounded captured pushed desperate attempt reach albany hoped contact british army york city
dr benjamin rush philadelphia prominent physician thought simply illnesses individuals troubled ills society americans felt corrupted colonial attachment britain adopted european manners taste luxury saw revolution war political independence opportunity sweep social corruption establish simple humane community rush wrote essay slavery war secretary philadelphia abolition society federal convention met draft constitution presented petition prohibit slavery spoke congress need pay nation debts suggested building navy improve america standing essay expounded evils drinking laid plans college dickinson college western pennsylvania noah webster rush thought future america depended education public schools believed instill america youth system values sense duty proper patriotism rush thought education free american advocate idea common schools financed public taxes supporters education females rush pioneer medicine spent investigating problems mental illness violently insane put jails locked attics
tecumseh reason resent intruders tecumseh young father murdered white hunters refused carry deer tecumseh turned army virginians burned village southern ohio whites crossed ohio river founded village marietta tecumseh war realized force whites return europe think ohio river reasonable boundary tecumseh chief followers indian leaders chosen birthright election leaders chiefs combination physical strength boldness battle speaking ability important written language speech important means persuasion tecumseh brilliant orator fabulous memory recite terms treaty signed whites indians dates whites broke president washington army ohio overcome indians failed find arthur st clair governor northwest territory led army western ohio met total defeat losses soldiers largest suffered army history frontier angered washington army west general anthony wayne wayne defeated indians fallen timbers present city toledo ohio
jackson criticized bank early messages congress move bank charter issued congress expire jackson politics person henry clay entered scene running jackson election clay needed issue bank perfect especially true bank popular north especially key states york pennsylvania secure recharter ahead schedule reap political dividends jackson vetoed bank recharter president certainly reap disaster biddle bank clay issue foolproof biddle agreed clay forces drafted bill bank united states slipped easily congress democrats voted bill reached jackson desk vetoed hesitation bank trying kill told van buren kill jackson turned challenge duel jackson veto message drafted amos masterpiece pointed bank arm rich useless poor bank stockholders number foreigners case war message warned enemy influences nation money system veto hurt bank popular places
let begin discussing weather historian began book south emphasis certainly southern climate hot summers rare frosts abundant rainfall determined history climate soil combined ideal place growing staples tobacco sugar cotton demand map civil war cotton secured nation place marketplace cotton king cried southern member congress eve civil war thought true northern industrialists southern planters invested profits things increase production invested slavery profitable cotton industry slaveholders earned returns investments price slaves rose steadily revolution field worker sold civil war price risen slavery flexible labor system slaves employed field workers house servants variety skilled unskilled occupations slaves skilled crafts construction gangs iron foundries textile mills tobacco factories labor skills profitable cotton industry cotton grown colonial times grown home processing plant consuming seeds separated fiber hand
scarcely american institution claim support north south exception democratic party boast success able find northern leaders willing endorse southern programs formula forever story largely story breakup democratic party split lost republicans northern based antislavery party preservation union difficult inaugural address march president james buchanan boldly predicted supreme court soon solve entire slavery controversy president referring case supreme court case important political effect president chief justice anticipated case involved dred scott slave belonged army officer residing missouri duty officer scott army posts illinois free nebraska country north free soil missouri compromise officer died widow scott brother massachusetts abolitionist decided lawsuit dred scott sue freedom grounds resided free territory courts agreed runaway free instant touched free soil
summer demand soldiers finally forced change northern military policy concerning blacks soldiers war department general port royal authority recruit regiments blacks massachusetts northern states began organizing regiments blacks famous regiments massachusetts port royal joining local regiments led raids interior south carolina july spearhead attack fort wagner guarding entrance charleston harbor map page advancing rain artillery rifle fire regiment penetrated fort defenses fell leaving half dead union army openly recruiting blacks north south end war black soldiers accounted half union soldiers fighting tennessee total blacks serving union army navy fighting nearly battle civil war black white soldiers receive equal treatment service black soldiers frequently assigned menial chores camp congress required equal pay paid white soldiers treated badly white soldiers northern white civilians despite treated badly underpaid fought gallantly
march march congress passed reconstruction acts impact south existing governments south created plans lincoln johnson removed south divided military districts commanded union general ruled military law requirement readmission union originally proposed wade davis bill majority white males able oath past loyalty southern governments dominated unionists yankees governments give vote blacks ratify amendment congress passed amendment providing black suffrage entire nation southern states approve amendment rejoin union member union ratify amendment constitution means joining union remains mystery secretary seward announced december fourths states ratified amendment counted approval confederate states union representatives seated congress unusual times prompted unusual solutions destroying established governments imposing military rule south war ended harsh caused bitterness southern whites lingered generations
civil war dramatic events american history memories nation divided generations fighting ended legacies felt parts country side felt deeply justice north fought preserve union fought free slaves white southerners fought independence govern lives beginning later fighting homes families end winner blacks won freedom bondage freedom meaningful expected bloody conflict president lincoln call volunteers surrender fort sumter greeted brave enthusiasm north selection woman york city describes preparations sure hear times terrible excitement difficult write big put letter try give views give views war parlor window passing haven views women boys
civil war called modern wars development highly accurate rapid fire weapons battle tactics obsolete battlefields slaughter houses war longer gentlemen game deadly struggle involving civilian population realize union general william tecumseh sherman famous march georgia atlanta sea warfare selection sherman explains purpose break morale south destroy fight think succeeded reached atlanta afternoon found preparations advance colonel reported rations possession troops days supply hand supply beef cattle driven hoof supply oats corn limited days knew reach country stocked corn colonel poe united states engineers staff busy special task destruction large force leveled depot round house machine shops georgia railroad applied fire wreck machine shops rebels arsenal stored piles shot shell
portrayal women american history characterized omission insignificance casual mention idea women definite place history involved making history recent omission found set volumes called american nation series volumes federalist system written john spencer basset representative series basset taught history women smith college quarter century starting chapter society century inhabitants negroes agriculture dancing inns fried bacon corn bread mentioned woman women marriage going chapters finds reference martha washington hostess found abigail adams mercy warren arthur schlesinger wrote viewpoints american history commented absence women american history textbooks examination standard histories united states history textbooks schools raises pertinent question women contribution american national progress worthy record silence historian mean half population negligible factors country history professor schlesinger comments effect nearly later ralph gabriel wrote course american democratic thought intellectual history
woman put sad moon face window car hear mind tells hear yes momma slung purse shoulder walked stride uneven broken sandal thongs thin elbows showing holes oversized sweater jeans faded baggy disappeared crowd saturday morning shoppers entering side doors mall younger children leaned forward front seat sat front thirteen read maps stop asked james re food reason stop james ten wanted reason dunno heard tell gotta stop didn say says gas didn look wanted quiet thinking odd trip couldn put finger don tell story story james re famous brain yeah think stories tell tell hansel gretel want witch candy house peppermint sticks sammy seat james gave quarrel
awoke light chilly dew beaded windshield james body leaning side warmth car slept didn move stiff muscles ached stretched watched sun rise cold gray sky turned warmer brighter peach colored beams light grew golden yellow white surrounded sleepers sat content car cave safe held protected forces cold damp james stirred eyes opened hazel eyes james father dark hair yellow hair mother passed sammy james hazel eyes looked minute spoke true voice hollow sad momma nodded sammy surged seat gotta bathroom bad turned head muscle protested awake awake ok let clothes bags change food bag eat breakfast took map connecticut jammed clothes bag sunday moved parking lot cars stood empty air clear clean lucid lying lightly morning
woke dream big white house faced ocean aunt cilla house sun rising trees brook rising waves molten pink james lay sprawled sammy curled ball thrown arms tiptoed porch brook quiet wash james woke immediately spoke names true james sammy moaned turned burying head arms sammy answered eyes closed wash going check map eat re ready tried look map realistically considered lines roads green patches parks flat blue sound tumultuous gray faced ocean grown ate half banana apiece finished milk prepared set reluctant leave sanctuary sat row porch park maybe days road stay couple nights offered showed marked map rockland park tent show camping beach dollars eighty cents left re gonna think ways getting money
hungry james haven passed store kind town answered garages black fist punching head realized map don forget map turn james asked town grocery store miles don money left twenty cents going try store park afraid conspicuous stay going seen railroad tracks means towns ahead eat james asked going happens map water fish clam find mussels need map tired stood tired sat folds hills symmetry trees longer power walked slowly feeling expect expect jumpy hour passed sign marking limits town called sound view felt soon houses sat closer welcome sight small shopping center sides crossroads greeted
fear stayed sammy eyes nodded head tidied noticed dirty hair tangled mess james hands brown dirt nails black sammy looked sammy looked olds ok shorts grubby knees stained dark hair short look try stationed entrance doors paper bags brought rolling belt looked going coming shook head eyes grew big pleading understood told sit quiet end belt nodded ran sat didn move muscle sat quiet waiting mother home children approached thank kind puzzled look didn happen offered carry grocery bags especially ladies babies yes grateful look james sammy carry huge bags large station wagons give dime nickels true word end half hour forty cents inside buy milk
ten college square park lay center city bordered college side chapel opposite city finally admitted sleep night city park open chose cluster bushes street lamp look pointed kind nest low branches bushes curl covered stay watch word obeyed rain pattered hurried park heads bent sat bench family hiding place looked park wall college dormitories windows lights sitting sat stared night seeing thinking lights shone streetlight cast puddles light wet sidewalks raindrops caught light lamps glowed falling yellow pebbles bright red neon light shone top building distance arch topped windows dormitories showed yellow cutouts water roads sidewalks reflected light silvery sheen sat watch children city couldn sleep
stand eyes measured scars moles big mole chin neck hair big blonde hair blonde hair hazel eyes mine round face high cheekbones wearing took blue jeans sweater big red sweater holes elbows sandals purse shoulder rings watch shook head momma didn jewelry wedding ring shook head exchanged glance exactly sure early june told mall told car left snapped notebook shut swallowed think dead pursed lips say find soon dead bodies stink find nodded didn trust speak father joseph understand changed subject put call church maryland eyes studied briefly yes priest find catholic
concerned sister age group speak read numbers sat front strangers teachers couldn things home james don believe don didn believe father reminded true give sammy brothers report mixing hostile peers hard direct control plays boys avoid sighed hardest sammy momma left hardest paid attention james told provincetown sammy hardest coming things momma james manage father joseph asked james smart think thoughts ignore guess fought hard want tease sammy wouldn mean fight fierce father joseph smiled baby happy friendly getting
succeeded slow procession cousin eunice treated differently talk wanted sit kitchen night cups tea completely drink talk religion serving god girl wanted nun mother wasn strong spirit didn real calling wait married listened began feel sorry cousin eunice lived city morning gray city streets didn sound aunt cilla lied momma letters aunt cilla tried cousin eunice thought soft voice droned service prayer cousin eunice wanted turned tie poor cousin eunice happened angry cousin eunice wasn angry sad getting wanted giving sake maybe enjoyed giving things sake liked feeling case knew cousin nun
awoke cool damp chilly morning air lay moist turned eyes gray sky family sammy wasn sat peering bush bathroom waited judged jumped feet looked figure sat huddled end lawn mists rising water woeful bush planted willow pine bathroom walked join knew turning head asked pee fingers picked splinters wood thinking worried shook head scared sailing answered re scared sammy looked eyes questioning dream bus door closed couldn ran ran getting nodded head watched mists rising straight lines rain going backwards east sky lightened ask sure tell truth don sammy understood tell truth sammy promise
slept late morning awakened roar racing motorboat headed river bay sammy shoved sleep hot morning falling bed raised face poncho cheek damp sweat thighs stuck rubber rubbed eyes woods rested water opposite shore lay wandered narrow river sun high sky high hot woods gathered fuel small fire pulled fish water jackknife gutted scraped scales james threaded supple branches spoke ate fish finished milk bread james experimented toasting bread stick patchwork piece toast splotches white splotches black shades brown gathered underwear dry bushes hanging night james taught sammy put fire properly cover dirt stamp wait sure telltale smoke rose ashes helped fold pack bag gathered garbage brown grocery bag knew didn want start
early morning buried garbage soft soil washed briefly creek set sun fully risen children road morning air tasted cool clean fork road headed south river lay southeast road narrowed ran straight fields tall ripening corn passed farmhouses barns occasional weathered gray shack raised ground piles bricks shacks guarded thin dogs yapped children shade houses fields harvested moved rows gathering corn squashes tomatoes cucumbers bushel baskets heads wrapped bright red blue stooped squatted stretched road fatigue evident hard james remarked need money sure kids don need money extra hot sun burned high thirsty impatient don want stuck james don things extra money need james considered grandmother abigail album think bridgeport think cousin eunice
rained grandmother continued canning thought children house james protested wanted read wouldn trouble barn dark gloomy eyes grew accustomed knock big spider webs polish tools tack rags put pieces lumber neat piles rain splattered tin roof barn drummer learning play uneven beat examined places barn wall wood torn fallen awry james worked figuring patches tall extension ladder barn reach damaged places late morning heard sudden sharp call car horn couldn think sounded realized car couldn hear road family door barn couldn house front yard claire white station wagon stopped paper mulberry tree figured didn hear climbing
awoke thick black silence slipped bed window night smothered land dark wind blew clouds face moon stars kind wind blew clear weather tomorrow begin traveling dollars left bicycles jackknife map didn place bridgeport supposed couldn help couldn live circus james school reasons hide find circus travel south pitch permanent camp thought manage lie school officials eighteen say lived hills momma momma couldn working farm care question showed school boy knew provincetown ran home coming school knew months plan thought couldn excited someplace mind traveling place plan ask james thought
thought mrs jenkins smiled smiled short dark hair bright cheeks looked kid thought fresh apples thought case want grade mind promising want try tests kind tests grandmother asked quick iq reading math achievement aptitude re short precise give fairly idea put school mrs jenkins waited answer grandmother asked hour mrs jenkins talking looked wide eyes grandmother stood errands tell james sammy bring wait boat objections hand held arm stay asked mrs jenkins don understand grandmother tests prefer mrs jenkins don argue girl grandmother opening mouth say wasn going leave grandmother spoke hard times coming tomorrow morning easier
sentence subject predicate words subject called complete subject words predicate called complete predicate read sentences complete subjects underlined player caught ball player caught ball team player caught ball complete subject main word main word called simple subject sentence player simple subject player tells sentence words player complete subject sentence player simple subject words complete subject sentence word simple subject words complete subject complete predicates underlined sentences pitcher throws ball pitcher throws ball quickly pitcher throws ball quickly base complete predicate main word main word called simple predicate verb sentence throws simple predicate verb throws tells subject throws ball complete predicate sentence throws simple predicate words throws ball quickly complete predicate simple predicate sentence complete predicate sentences interesting lengths ideas short sentences common
tina watching television news drawing picture tina father room asked weather report sorry tina wasn listening happened hear pay attention hearing listening hear words sounds notice listen pay attention cue tells pay attention storm coming weather reporter alert listen pay attention tina planning picnic wanted weather paid attention listened weather report events pay attention listen teacher says attention class radio announcer says address write free poster dad says talked allowance hearing listening listening skill takes practice follow hints listener listen thing decide listen pay attention block sounds words listen daydream let mind wander look speaker window mind wander look speaker pay attention speaker
end tiny town overgrown garden garden house house lived pippi lived mother father course nice tell bed fun pippi father naturally mother ago pippi didn remember mother died pippi tiny baby lay cradle howled pippi forgotten father sea captain sailed ocean pippi sailed father blew overboard storm disappeared pippi absolutely ago pippi father bought house live someday pippi waiting straight villa villekulla house villa villekulla garden house house lived father mother boy girl boy tommy girl annika wished playmate pippi say silly moves house
dear woman pippi carrying things twelve rhyme reason things school childishly interested foolishness don sit corner arithmetic leave play tag teacher decided point trying teach pippi arithmetic began ask children arithmetic questions tommy answer asked lisa apples axel apples apples yes tell tommy pippi interrupted tell lisa stomach ache axel stomach ache fault hold apples place teacher pretended heard turned annika annika gustav schoolmates picnic quarter started cents home spend yes pippi want extravagant pop bought washed ears properly left home teacher decided give arithmetic altogether thought maybe pippi prefer learn read teacher took pretty card picture
named daedalus wonderful inventor things builder maker worked hands idea real thing daedalus asked king island crete build things daedalus took young son icarus crete daedalus built things king king angry daedalus icarus locked high tower sea daedalus icarus escaped tower prisoners leave island daedalus thought giving knew king catch tried escape sea place king power air daedalus decided wings icarus told icarus bring feathers find feathers thread wax daedalus began wings wings finished bright sun clear sky winds icarus daedalus tried escape daedalus reminded son fly low flew close water wings wet heavy waves sea daedalus fly high flew high wax wings melt heat sun
miss eyre yes person waiting jumped took muff umbrella hastened yard inn standing open door dark street dimly saw horse carriage luggage asked saw pointed trunk yard yes lifted trunk carriage closed door asked hall matter miles hour half fastened door climbed seat started progress slow think content end journey leaned carriage took read letter employer references provided proved satisfactory pleased offer position governess hall pupil girl ten age salary thirty pounds letter signed mrs fairfax suppose thought mrs fairfax likes grand splendid things judge plainness servant carriage
breakfast morning decided explore surroundings corridor bedroom slippery oak steps main hall stopped look large pictures wall painting cruel looking armor lady hair powdered arranged fashioned ladies hair worn style owners place thought appeared splendid accustomed grand admired beautiful bronze lamp hanging ceiling stopped rub hand oak wood clock corner stepped look building house stories high considerable size gray front towers top thinking place lonely person mrs fairfax live lady appeared door early riser received kiss shake hand asked told liked fears previous night vanished mention
air fresh clear enjoying errand hasten afternoon wore evening distance road lay hilltop sat rising moon walked aware noise sounding faint louder louder positive tramp tramp metallic clatter din roadway horse coming windings lane hid approached days young sorts fancies bright dark occupied mind memories nursery stories horse approached watched dusk remembered tales spirit called form horse mule large dog haunted lonely ways late travelers horse coming sight addition tramp tramp heard rush hedge close glided dog black white color distinct object trees exactly story creature hair huge head passed quietly staying look face half expected horse tall steed rider human broke spell
wake wake cried shook murmured turned smoke overcome moment lost sheets kindling rushed basin pitcher fortunately wide deep filled water caught drenched bed occupant flew room brought water jug soaked bed succeeded extinguishing flames devouring hiss quenched fire breakage pitcher flung hand emptied splash shower bath roused rochester dark knew awake heard thundering exclamations finding lying pool water flood cried sir answered fire quenched fetch candle started door devils jane eyre demanded witch room plotted drown fetch candle sir plotted find soon don fetch candle wait minutes till dry garments dry yes dressing gown
wished feared rochester sleepless night wanted hear voice feared meet eyes early part morning constantly expected coming habit entering schoolroom step minutes impression sure visit morning passed usual happened interrupt quiet course adele studies soon breakfast heard bustle neighborhood rochester room mrs fairfax voice leah cook john wife john gruff tones exclamations mercy master burnt bed dangerous candle lit night lucky presence mind think wonder waked hoped cold sleeping library sofa afterward sound scrubbing setting things order passed room going downstairs dinner saw open door proper condition bed stripped hangings leah stood window seat rubbing panes glass dimmed smoke speak wished account affair
shortly dinner mrs fairfax room sat rest minutes speaking ladies gentlemen remarked attentive rochester miss likely think married rochester evidently prefers ladies yes suppose admire admires added wish close hand opportunity evening answered mrs fairfax happened remark rochester adele wished introduced ladies reply let drawing room dinner request miss eyre yes mere politeness sure need remarked answered mrs fairfax told company think appearing gay party strangers replied quick nonsense objects tell wish refuses say fetch give trouble answered don mrs fairfax begged accepted plea tell manage avoid embarrassment coming midst guests introduced disagreeable part business
forgotten draw curtain result moon course opposite window looked uncovered panes glorious light awakened half rose stretched arm draw curtain heavens cry silence night torn savage sharp shrill sound ran end end hall pulse stopped heart stood outstretched arm paralyzed cry died repeated uttered fearful shriek soon repeat thing delivering yell rest effort cry story overhead overhead yes room ceiling heard struggle deadly noise half choked voice shouted help help help staggering stamping wildly heard words rochester rochester love heaven corridor door opened ran floor stairs step stamped flooring fell silence put clothes horror shook limbs hurried room sleepers awakened exclamations terrified murmurs sounded door door looked corridor filled ladies gentlemen left beds
thoughts worried mystery broke fire blood deadest hours night sort creature grace poole devil masked woman face caring caught web horror attacked part house hour bed heard rochester lead room floor brought angered quietly agree hide deed rochester insisted rochester insist hiding deed guest attacked attempts secret saw mason accepted rochester commands objection caused master fears heard mason arrival hours ago mention fallen thunderbolt fall oak forget look paleness whispered jane blow blow jane forget arm rested shoulder trembled light matter disturb strong mind fairfax rochester
visitors left quiet hall master marriage saw preparations going event asked mrs fairfax heard decided answer actually put question rochester going bring bride home answered joke queer looks tell thing especially surprised journeys forward visits rochester park sure twenty miles borders county distance eager lover expert horseman rochester morning ride began hope match broken changed minds look master face sad angry remember clear clouds evil feelings moments pupil spent sank fits sadness gay try cheer called presence kinder alas loved
rochester heard stood stiff stubborn making movement grasp hand marble pale firm strong expression moment eyes shone watchful wild wood reason wedding unlawful asked explained answer called unlawful talking speaker forward leaned rail continued speak uttering word distinctly calmly reason marriage rochester wife living nerves jumped quiet words jumped thunder blood ran cold hot run frost fire steady danger fainting looked rochester look face hard rock eyes filled sparks denied speaking smiling clasped waist arm held side asked stranger briggs lawyer wick street london claim wife remind lives sir law considers wife tell parents names address ordered bridegroom
afternoon unlocked door bedroom stepped corridor found rochester sitting chair room waiting listening carefully heard single sound minutes forced lock burglar shut trace tears cheek doubt crying inside doubt heart weeping tears blood jane meant hurt forgive forgave moment spot deep regret eye true sorrow tone love look forgave completely tell words heart full pain think treated badly jane don asked yes sir tell don spare tired sick want water taking tenderly arms carried downstairs library summer shivered cold rochester built fire warmth felt put wine lips gave eat soon began feel
weeks passed hall help parson country village morton found position teacher tiny school girls situation humble pupils poor cost education including salary thirty pounds paid rich part country kind oliver owner needle factory iron foundry furnished nearly vicinity farmers called jane elliot known morton anxious cut friends known past true hoped avoid traced home cottage downstairs consisted single room whitewashed walls rough floor contained painted chairs table clock cupboard plates dishes stove set tea things upstairs room size addition bed chamber chest drawers small large filled articles clothing evening home orphan helped put tiny house order
geri mother saying saying don want president lot leftover line member wedding play saw fourteen obviously forgot thing saying point driving person bananas popular geri want popular person round popularity round popularity stuff graduated high school don ask couldn say popularity say concerned mother past graduated high school emotionally stuck drove nuts don want give impression hate mother definitely don guess point don guess hated lot understand feel sorry don mean pity pity actually contempt feel sorry understand pain changed guess love think raving mother don father
yes barbara car grinned groaned hi geri ready start junior yes yes say simply talk barbara fact talk barbara impossible female jack perfect glib slick knew say say talk small talk mean person say says ready start junior say yes say say yes important important senior lot credits grades won problems getting college sail senior junior senior fun yes wished actually knew thing starting geri attitude rest point answer occasion art small talk
goose bay impossible car knew drive wasn sure accomplish didn think okay meet tell town library let meet front lots kids hung library wall known meeting place kids cars thirty started walk hey yelled wanting turned say thing head recognize asked liked smiled slowly funny twinkle eyes carrot sticking left ear waved walked street let say words place dave called town ten small villages known east shore population thousand summer swells seventeen thousand summers small businesses real estate getting tan want play miniature golf movie theaters change films week winter theaters
needless say didn school slept woke felt perfectly fine course didn want mother felt fine downstairs face huge lecture decided stay bed stay upstairs tiptoed bathroom heard voices knew wasn grandparents found note door saying bye found slipped door article ripped morning paper continuing story boy stabbed girlfriend seventeen times anyway heard voices tiptoed top landing stairs sat suddenly felt parents parties jack sit landing listen going occasionally caught guest drag downstairs big fuss feed bologna cheese mother daddy enjoy bed tucked kissed night remember wonderful combination smells mother middle party nights perfume powder whiskey salami cigarettes silk plain smell mother mean feel skin mine brush hair forehead warm lips cheek strong gentle hug reassuring wonderful loved
lots jack plenty liked daddy mother especially married married couldn believe lived looks changed mean certainly recognizable amazed looked pictures definitely love crazy guess doubt didn think married certainly thought hell happened look starry eyed set look mouth droopy eyes let face bored expression maybe marriage wasn going fall trap marriage person mother looking pictures look mother picture daddy sitting table mooning eyes don notice looked carefully wearing tie drive crazy beg wear look re looking don look
dave sick eat start drinking line stomach expression lining stomach possibilities cartoon anyway suppose re wondering happened want drink mean cut trouble fuzz drowned felt lousy afterward want part left guess felt bad stuff happened felt wonderful terrific ecstatic stupendous try specific start couldn talk greatest conversationalist lived funny lily tomlin happy guess felt happy didn care worry felt say things nerve say straight couldn remember things remember feeling wanted feel sure wouldn sick safe carolyn house bad happen jack dropped quarter davis picture started marked woman gangster flick humphrey da tried convince bette testify boss
gym decorated typical school dance fashion seen movies crepe paper streamers posters big signs strung basketball nets saying colour theme dance band called lords rings tolkien book blasting lot kids dancing plenty kids standing watching drinking cokes talking lots girls dates boys carolyn talked coming dances decided couldn dance thought embarrassing asked say real truth admitted afraid ask dave walked corner passing chaperones face derrick dreadful kelly wife stanton principal type wears pants armpits ms humanities teacher knew pretty young okay dave smiled big thing saying hello smiled insurance place corner gotta act open don suspect admit feel nervous carrying held coke
don think satisfying hangover huge gooey pizza anchovies onions peppers sausage mushrooms extra cheese sauce plenty cold beer side road south hollow large run house badly need paint exception tiny red neon sign beer corner window indication bar restaurant words didn wouldn inside run paint walls peeling linoleum buckled cracked rooms room entered housed bar ran length room tables windows room smaller tables beat pool table place recommend draft beer twenty cents terrific pizza surprisingly jukebox course don suppose found asset fact sure presence thought heavenly heavenly horror mean feet knew feet lot shorter
feeling retard turned bit piece pizza eat dave asked knock kid question mind interested eating habits close statement clinched mind mind mine okay lover lover mean plain english couldn felt depressed bunny turned putting hand laden cheap rings mine kid father drive cuckoo re father asked getting worse going yeah howard ya howard means chief warden guardian chief warden ya believe hell married means chief warden box shook head took slug sat slice pizza held midair married father slowly beginning dawn bunny dave stepmother married father felt relief relief smiling loud re dave stepmother dave stepmother hell ya started sinking feeling married father looked real howard father bunny mother
finally downstairs morning parents jack sitting living room waiting fact waiting top absolutely colossal hangover drawn morning drawn tiny bent figure huge tongue hanging floor crown spikes head happened kitchen coke beer wanted killed knew chance finished closet scotch bath night absolutely fortification hope coke possibility stopped say coke walking past kitchen knew eyes refrigerator hear mumbling opened coke drank half swallow quenched thirst moment head shaking hands knew couldn stay kitchen forever thing wanted face triumvirate choice swallow coke slowly living room sitting staring hideous beady eyes
tears eyes feel crying couldn shake empty feeling sophie death gave grandma making worse drank beer wasn felt shaky stronger blown chance definitely stronger drink drink maybe quit relief hangover happened knew daddy offer drinks access booze rid awful empty lousy feeling dinner fall upset actually favor bit pull looked room close drinks pretty soon poured remainder beer glass took sip looked watch thirty twelve hours ago sophie alive stomach felt kicking ready heard daddy say papa mom ready
heavy dark months january february unbelievably tedious boring goose bay fly sat classes haze concentrated seeing dave nursing planning drink say word pretty bad shakes headaches queasy stomach horrible fears times able fun sounds contradiction fun shared hangover dave groove feel hell symptoms eating pizza heros drinking beer watching movie dave room pass faster easier course early middle stage end drinking amount sharing helped impossible food miracle stayed horrible fears course couldn lessened changed pretty hard explain mentioned earlier feeling part fears specific fear death happen fear fall window stranger stab
happened month getting real messed weekends week getting harder drink forced middle august mother room refused refused speak father begged bargained threatened finally end august refused eat father friend dr worked private hospital called cummings called mother hour dr told father mother hospital fortunately white coats days later father took mother cummings half hours stay overnight york jack thursday weekday drink blame mother bins knew met dave started tie hit lot bars ate fried chicken takeout place hit bars midnight fight mothers mother bins drunk mother nuts
weeks held smiles jack school daddy house going meetings trying helpful talk knew distracted mother illness couldn think kate understandable aa selfish program comfortable stay things upset ready handle meetings night kate took times rode dean husband wife team nice couldn think say father drove picked worst problem dave happened stayed home clock left dave parked jesus happened asked accompanying low whistle story listen dave want talk night bombed forget okay sure want talk re talking giving smile want forget knew say
feel anger starting inside lit cigarette blew smoke direction photographs missing teenage lost shook head parents threw thought geri course started george didn want outcast grew grew couldn stop hell say didn want creep didn say sorry geri reached touch pulled walked side room daddy truth weeks ago say cried angrily didn mean don lashed felt betrayed loved met person past geri didn think hurting certainly didn want hurt lied dance began realize drinking started don flatter spat didn drink
write communicate special signs signs letters alphabet put letters alphabet groups called words word sends special message didn alphabet communicate mail piece knotted string think playing trick indians peru knotted strings records send messages knotted strings called quipus knots stood numbers indians quipus records sacks grain sell quipus track children born village indians quipus messages villages knots tell days feast tell invited indians northeastern united states wampum belts send messages belts white purple shells woven patterns patterns language indians wampum belts call tribes meetings white indians talked wampum belts shell messages indians knew white wanted trade live islands china japan drums send messages scientists islands find drums doctor hurry needed river
oldest ways send message ringing bell began bells ago rattles pebbles shells hollow pieces wood later found mix copper tin bronze shape bells ring loudly sound carry distances bells helped soldiers battle ago soldiers string bells nets stretch nets path river tried sneak soldiers bells sounded alarm army uniforms decorated bells enemy troops climbing castle wall listen bells uniforms guards guards walked wall enemy hear bells noise passed enemy troops quickly climb wall start attack knew legends bells england story village disappeared earthquake christmas town sank earth christmas bells ringing loudly earthquake hear lost bells ringing put ears ground sound travel earth heard bells town liked think heard lost bells fishermen reported hearing bells ringing sea
usual train stop front door chicago northwestern railway kate shelley wonder read story kate shelley understand wild night kate shelley looked window family house seen storm raining week thunder lightning cut night sky wind rattled windows felt iowa farmhouse picked blown shelleys lived railroad tracks honey creek kate father dead railroad section boss kate brought farmhouse edge tracks overlooked bridge knew trains knew creek night storm kate watched dark water rush des moines river river rising kate wondered bridges washed clock kitchen ticked noisily storm sweeping valley honey creek rose higher higher suddenly kate heard friendly familiar sound engine rumbling wooden bridge crossed creek coming town kate knew engine coming night testing bridge find safe
animal branding egypt ago branding owner mark burned animal hide drawings walls egyptian tombs show cattle branded later france horses hired branded branding brought north america spanish explorer cortez brought brand mexico design crosses spaniards brought marks cattlemen north mexico soon saw branding fences range early days country steer cow looked cattleman prove owned cow herd problem settled blazing guns branding steer lazy brand belong ranch walking tadpole brand cattle branding caused problems cattlemen chose brand laws passed stating brands registered government brand registered main problem cattleman thinking brand resulted variety brands branding language read special letters cattle brands part design parts words
hear talking telephone wonder person end saying trying solve mystery fill missing pieces story read linda phone conversations read linda says read carefully able figure trouble linda brother ross friend glenn gotten symbol means figure end line linda looked living room window tenth afternoon looked telephone hall don call asked promised call noon answered linda house parents wouldn walked telephone rang linda answered ross asked bothering say hello linda stopped suddenly seconds linda continued gently sorry margie thought linda looked annoyed yes margie leave house wait case ross calls glenn left dawn hike oakwood hill friends climb month took hours glenn ross supposed call hill noon
mayor talked talked talked nearly neighborhood listened stopped listening began look sky started eating picnic lunches began walk jet plane stand mayor speaking fit empty lot buildings mayor speaking charley johnson walked friend bill golden friends called charley joker crazy happened charley bottom charley painted brother car colors rainbow called biggest striped lollipop town freezing winter afternoon charley kids pour water street biggest skating rink town charley thinking mayor talking asked charley bill don bill answered sure taking supposed talk gym promised build haven heard mention mon let bill turned leave wait charley stop gotten closing part mayor smiled end speech dear friends plane stay lot thanks kindness government
bill puzzled today stan walked saying hello wrong asking beginning worry young buddies grade high school lot bell snapped bill thoughts hurried stan class maybe bill cornered close period explain strange behavior bill reached desk class begun looked stan suddenly startled find friend eyes hidden pair dark glasses bill couldn eyes stan helped social studies discussion alive today slumped chair completely tuned cheek twitch bell rang bill amazed friend lay head desk cheek twitching bill reached classroom door stan vanished hall afternoon stan didn show basketball practice bill decided telephone evening didn hard talk stan mother conversation briefer usual talk stan home think idea sharply hung
marge moods stuff angrier faster pedaled turning wheels cried bored bored realizing turned bike hillside park things marge wanted forget school real bore useless junk bunch teachers couldn care friends real joke empty talk faces guys thing minds larry wasn hill getting steep marge struggled thinking things home didn care father sat glued television set stopped beer shut busy conversation mother didn exist say sorry marge talk later later marge gave sigh relief top hill chance forget marge hilltop allowed leaned bike tree climbed large rock marge throne loved look houses think didn watching suddenly strange feeling wasn afraid curious
don want hear side story close book teacher let feel wendy wrong wendy feels wendy high school kid age think father judge wendy sister named karen goes college fifteen minutes home spend extra live dorm want social telling show care kids wendy complain live beautiful house suburbs spending money girls age wendy problem started school teachers telling bright notes began conference hear wendy wasn thought say attitude maybe wendy bright asked wendy problem dumb teachers answer don re teaching figure
black student win election grover high willie lawson elected president student council willie thought owed victory black supporters wasn sure top student fine public speaker willie popular white students willie decided run office thought person bring willie hopeful knew things easy black student run grover school ran local newspaper headline soon election small fight broke school cafeteria paper announced riot follows black student election fight called riot things upset willie knew lot ready change attitudes willie expected problems sure grover black power leader brown cornered willie periods brother slapped willie black students lounge remember don let stick hand downs school bread brand furniture willie felt resentful black friends voted spokesman sure black willie lawson council president felt responsible student body
paul upset decided walk stadium hopes help calm locker room teammates uniform sorry hear mother paul uniform warmed running caught passes wrong timing muscles obeying tense mother cigar mind signal team ran field crowd cheered paul loved cheers today feeling cheering end game roar died suddenly paul heard yell yeah paul saw chip stands waving wildly matt side paul felt smiled waved paul caught sight sitting couple rows chip matt paul smell smoke cigar mouth game started paul ball running confidence returned happened ball fell hand team hold scored touchdown kicked extra point errors paul
suppose grateful aunt alma folks expensive gifts car promised birthday pays summer camp dad says wants send college graduate beginning think re favorite charity worst think run lives lot money visits harder harder maybe getting older understand things tell advance trouble seen mom uptight getting house tidy true aunt alma habit looking drawers rugs house cleaner usual morning mom looked strange smile bruce don think cut hair week maybe dress differently change aunt alma folks insist things hurt mad anyway complained look concerned decision hair brush morning wash week
let help finish offered doctor sweep floors aunt rosa mother burst laughing room nose books till arrives momma room sitting edge bed luis felt confused scared peace corps application lying desk filled ready mailed sense mother sure anyway wondered hundredth spent school spend studying medicine family sacrificing needed think future role society profession wanted devote hopes dreams family neighborhood friends repeating finish school peace corps thought chance needy full problems places land opportunity desperate help momma accept idea important things school luis began pacing floor pacing past weeks
sorry leave knows tony insisted voice end phone college announcing decision afternoon want talk want act chance ross appreciate calling tony voice hide bitterness felt drama scholarship meant course parents saved money send college wouldn able scholarship ross wait don give tony think re kidding put father mother fair ross parents rough anyway won talking fella problem hate future going drain affair ross seeing tony quickly hung receiver felt throw phone room yell slam door couldn understand sure parents hard parents care times talk
reason morning possess guiding principle belief kind bumper sticker cars busy freeways call boycott grapes comfort honk love jesus joke kind animals kiss beaver identify summarize antagonize statements faith dream law order jesus saves chicago fed rod president lying bed gazes walls room musing happened collection statements discreetly mounted cardboard fastened push pins walls tossed rest junk ten cubs white sox bears junior high mementos bad comforting look walls bare freshly painted pale blue anxious color anxiety blue failure gray knows shades told crawford sit end bed paralyzing crawford impressed lay quit riding pressure humor stuff makes laugh course thing missing sense humor goddamn big deal printed put bumper bumper conrad anxious failure dress guy blue gray
sits front porch steps waiting air crisp cool rubs hands shivering thin denim jacket inside heavier want risk care say hurdle jumped today glances watch thirty forgotten hopes moment prays drive golf game late wrong direction town car wanting screw say wrong thing haul ass don stand comes abruptly jumps walks end circular drive thought threatening surface unpleasant facing house stares bedroom window early morning room enemy danger awake looking refuge imagines safely inside bed covers pulled asleep unconscious thought surfaces father noticed wrong visible command call guy call today worrying worry suspected want suspicions confirmed cooler moments fear shoved thought overactive imagination hot sauce
restaurant dark heavy mediterranean decor cal finds oppressive kind place lawyers hangout lunch corner plaza suit beth place called morning asked meet voice light full excitement news looks news seated sleeveless knit suit color straw neck bordered orange thin gold chain neck elegance possession beautiful detail women look watched enter rooms walking humbly proudly modest smile lips yes true twenty spring married grins bartender envious customers description accurate possessed emphatically control understand predict reliability moods attitudes marvelous mystery complex interesting appeared met twenty ago tennis courts beverly club ray father membership ray working tensions hideous law exam
counterman doubles waiter things slow saturday morning eyes hostile boredom coke conrad says black coffee karen pleasant smile scribbles bill slaps table grunt annoyance type won easily million dollar order maybe conrad pulls eyebrows mocking karen giggles bites lip looking table says sorry didn mean okay didn mean sound want sort afraid phone says quickly hey going school swimming glad haven meets end bench fine sure returns small undernourished looking sour silence conrad slides booth pay looks coins suspiciously turns word conrad shakes head hostile giggles definitely low image relax seasoned veteran months asks seeing doctor yeah shakes head obscurely feels ashamed
sits ann kline marty table sara sara meal marty says tough act follow dear protests plain food cook fancy honestly beth artist department don cheese sauce ed says marty recipe main course comes strawberry flawless children served enter living room cue say nights command performance guests politely impressed cal help touched grave manners beautiful children surpassed models mere reproductions stunning originals handsome dark eyed fourteen daughter supervises younger brother sister eldest boy stands shy solemn background reminds cal conrad age earnest polite adults children beam awkwardly sara motherly pride satisfied dismissed looking children cal says thank beams grateful smile knots sit living room beth mac corner consulting earnestly books sure mac kline english professor lake forest college loves talk subject beth talk books deaf person needing encouraging nod
brightness surrounds shadows night sand stiff cold squeaks feet breeze bends spiky beach grass double sand walks moon left miles miles sand stretches front cool smooth highway mouth tunnel appears metal cylinder curving ten feet head lower rim buried sand enters brightly lit inside walls polished silver gray inside galvanized pail girders forming rib cage supports walls sharp turn ahead obscures view turns corner disappointment tunnel continues end sight dimensions shrunk touch walls ceiling smooth cold hands backs legs ache rest sifting fine sand tunnel floor fingers blows taking shape wind pictures fairy tale book wind tunnel wires light stands discovering dimensions shrunk move forward hands knees head brushes ceiling light bright clearly shadows sand ahead turn moves eagerly
christmas tree lot sign firs lennie loudspeakers mounted pay booth canned music ye faithful cal clenches hands cold stamping feet lot lifts tree hole shaking snow branches tall conrad says looks cal tall sonny says dropping tree hole want taller taller built lumberjack lennie red black checked lumberjack shirt tucked mud colored overalls forehead ears banded purple knit ski shield follow cal stepping carefully path bark pine needles trying mud shoes eyes lot thick rubber boots longing conrad says scrawny cal faintly patronizing smile showing thinks fathers let sons run things points huge blue spruce dense full okay terrific conrad says hey cal issues feeble protest con twelve feet tall guys live church conrad busy surveying sides smile face cal reaches wallet okay twenty bucks whistles thought buyer market
afterward hammer blows guilt remorse weapons fight words comfort berger advice applies face pushed tries help apologize longer home fault fault connections result failure loss evil school looks competence health conrad outcast fuck stands circle safety separated aching void loneliness matter deserves speak dare look classmates eye want contaminate wish find evidence lack worth music escape makes weight crimes bearable melody harmony rhythm visible structure winds mind concentrate completely practice obscure french carols christmas concert pushing ignoring protests heavy everlasting save sting don cute screeching gonna girls watch pete sake watch watches takes eyes hour music fills corners mind
wrong neat pieces slipped awry disengaged sits couch head feet coffee table driven howard ellen home conrad upstairs bed asleep beth cleared dessert plates table busy kitchen stares window snow fuzzy jewels reflection christmas tree lights colored stars white sky missing terribly wrong car expect family family turns grief separate directions pulling hell grief ugly isolating shared afraid rid fast months days hours minutes quick drink bar beth comes kitchen looks tired face set mind occupied london thinks aloud asks tired think bed knowing shouldn knowing contours says guess didn car
sandy cal says lousy secretary cherry fake smile wide eyed look apologetic fluttering hands file baskets overflowing business usual ray sighs improvement huh letters week errors crack gum face talks sandra boy friend goes northwestern bad sign told ray ray happens let partner hiring buddy lock descend smooth silent elevator street hollow quiet fills building empty tonight lights doors floor building glows walk want grab sandwich sure walk blocks carriage grill fancy dull spot menu pale warmed food lawyers hangout street hotel accountants data processing college groups look spots fraternity independents foreign students students art students rich working poor students rich working changed ray complains coffee cup gave raw deal villain narrow minded arrogant exact words christ ask expect hours re paying
looks checks writing desk bedroom march thirteenth friday tournament starts saturday runs monday sixteenth puts pen stay ward audrey write trip europe visit brother ward butler big loud sister looks temperament married woman easy close ward close wanders bedroom family room downstairs makes drink bar quiet saturday night change conrad evening didn say wouldn late flips idly stack record albums stereo pulls london symphony vaughan williams symphony familiar remembers music lit course beth taking met inane lyrics put main themes help study exams power suggestion symphony think europe london specifically places spain toledo streets narrower alleys seen outdoor stalls seafood fresh fruits hand knitted shawls hand tooled leather belts delicate carvings handles swords knives called
lets house key wednesday father working late tax returns mother playing tennis house quiet empty want talk looks jacket blood drying brown suede try feels stiff fingers sinks chair kitchen staring wearily wall takes jacket blood shirt flecks slapped loaded paintbrush hand strips undershirt works awhile stains jacket blood runs sink pale brown mixes water looks beef broth carefully rinsing hands lays jacket counter takes shirt laundry room maybe won notice think mud scrapes spots thumbnail pinpoints brownish dye pale blue fabric definite mud blur rub holds shirt faucet runs water spots dissolve washed sink squeezes water throws dryer spins dial getting rid evidence buck called shivers suddenly house feels cold heads kitchen searches refrigerator tv dinners bought wednesdays
don understand saying asks saying look look asks saying don wish knew sobs voice calm subdued speaks slowly try manipulate god beth don believe don believe try manipulate happened terms affects maybe honest rest maybe willing recognize re says voice low strained didn don wants known want throw arms passes chemistry exam respond says thing love don think wants cal says think wants don hate hate hate mothers don hate sons don hate makes demands tries blackmail looks hating
thinking fall says dumb don want sitting floor living room backs couch conrad picks chords mike guitar conrad mike cowboy hat pulled low eyes don want says don reaches snatch hat head grabs wrist ah ah don settles hat firmly head don hang wait says write con beautiful play special note patterns fooling plays song composed upstairs bedroom past week loves mathematics organizing notes definite pictures sits watching elbows knees chin hands love let notate okay paper play lovely clean laughs dirty mean neat pleasant orderly neat horrible adjectives rapturous passionate pleasant neat fingers chords copies briskly staff paper write words write poetry didn
house looks red maple tinged late august frost branches extending drive size remembered expected change parks underneath tree car nervous byes berger today maybe thing berger raised arms familiar gesture confusion benediction listen re prize pupil ads hey don start depending warned berger laughed sure dermatologist hear sweater bagging flapping hips hair floating known expect guy tried thank properly want revised original opinion gave lucky berger remember rip guy messed office heard gave laughed conrad issued invitation house blocks stop mean visit friends yeah occasionally hey gotten grabbed missing fast acted goddamn fell bike
nice lie fire leaning head hands think sentences shivered cold slimy water skin mean wells shoulder square ditch wells seasoned hacking chestnut conqueror forty cold slimy water fellow seen big rat jump scum mother sitting fire dante waiting bring tea feet fender slippers hot lovely warm smell dante knew lot things taught mozambique channel longest river america highest mountain moon father knew dante priest father uncle charles dante clever woman wellread woman dante noise dinner put hand mouth heartburn voice cried playground voices cried lower lines players closed flushed muddy glad held ball greasy lace fellow asked give walked answering fellow
blessed climbed quickly bed tucking end nightshirt feet curled cold white sheets shaking trembling hell died shaking stop voice bade boys dormitory goodnight peered instant saw yellow curtains round bed shut sides light lowered quietly shoes staircase corridors room end saw dark true black dog walked night eyes big ghost murderer shiver fear flowed body saw dark entrance hall castle servants dress staircase ago servants quiet fire hall dark figure staircase hall wore white cloak marshal face pale strange held hand pressed side looked strange eyes servants looked saw master face cloak knew received dark looked dark silent air master received battlefield prague sea
fire banked high red flamed grate branches chandelier christmas table spread home late dinner ready ready mother waiting door open servants holding big dishes covered heavy metal covers waiting uncle charles sat shadow window dante casey sat side hearth stephen seated chair feet resting toasted boss looked mantelpiece waxed moustache ends parting coattails stood glowing fire withdrew hand coattail wax moustache ends casey leaned head side smiling tapped gland neck fingers stephen smiled knew true casey purse silver throat smiled think silvery noise casey deceived tried open casey hand purse silver hidden seen fingers straightened casey told cramped fingers making birthday present queen victoria
uncle charles smoked black twist nephew suggested enjoy morning smoke outhouse end garden simon serene simon tranquilly outhouse nicely damn frankly smoke villainous awful tobacco gunpowder god nice simon replied cool morning uncle charles repaired outhouse creased brushed scrupulously hair brushed put tall hat smoked brim tall hat bowl pipe visible jambs outhouse door called reeking outhouse shared cat garden tools served morning hummed contentedly favourite songs twine bower blue eyes golden hair groves grey blue coils smoke rose slowly pipe vanished pure air part summer uncle charles stephen constant companion uncle charles hale skin rugged features white side whiskers week days messages house avenue shops main street town family dealt
suddenly aware doorway skull appeared suspended gloom doorway feeble creature monkey drawn thither sound voices fire whining voice door asking josephine bustling woman answered cheerily fireplace ellen stephen evening stephen answered greeting saw silly smile break face doorway want ellen asked woman fire answer question thought josephine thought josephine stephen repeating times fell laughing feebly sitting midst children party harold cross silent watchful manner grown took part games children wearing spoils crackers danced romped noisily tried share merriment felt gloomy figure amid gay cocked hats sunbonnets sung song withdrawn snug corner room began taste joy loneliness mirth beginning evening false trivial soothing air passing gaily senses hiding eyes feverish agitation blood circling dancers amid music laughter glance travelled corner flattering taunting searching exciting heart
ask talking stephen answered heron saw didn pretty inquisitive part stephen stephen sing governor staring eyeglass worth think found wouldn care bit jove ripping half bad answered quietly holder corner mouth shaft momentary anger flew stephen mind allusions hearing stranger amusing girl interest regard thought leavetaking steps tram harold cross stream moody emotions course poem written imagined meeting knew play restless filled breast night party found outlet verse growth knowledge boyhood stood forbidding outlet stream gloomy tenderness started returned dark courses eddies wearying end pleasantry painted boy drawn movement impatience
strange found arid pleasure end rigid lines doctrines church penetrating obscure silences hear feel deeply condemnation sentence saint james says commandment guilty swollen phrase begun grope darkness evil seed lust deadly sins sprung pride contempt covetousness money purchase unlawful pleasure envy vices reach murmuring pious enjoyment food dull glowering anger amid brooded longing swamp spiritual bodily sloth sunk sat bench gazing calmly rector shrewd harsh face mind wound curious questions proposed stolen pound youth pound amass huge fortune obliged give pound stolen pound compound interest huge fortune layman giving baptism pour water saying words child baptism mineral water valid comes beatitude promises kingdom heaven poor heart beatitude promises meek possess land
rain falling chapel garden college rain noiselessly water rise inch inch covering grass shrubs covering trees houses covering monuments mountain tops choked noiselessly birds elephants pigs children noiselessly floating corpses amid litter wreckage forty days forty nights rain fall till waters covered face earth hell enlarged soul opened mouth limits words dear brothers christ jesus book chapter fourteenth verse father son holy ghost amen preacher took watch pocket considered dial moment silence silently table began speak quiet tone adam eve dear boys parents remember created god order seats heaven left vacant fall lucifer rebellious angels filled lucifer told son morning radiant mighty angel fell fell fell part host heaven fell hurled rebellious angels hell
cast sight thine eyes words dear brothers christ book psalms thirtieth chapter twentythird verse father son holy ghost amen preacher began speak quiet friendly tone face kind joined gently fingers hand forming frail cage union tips morning endeavoured reflection hell holy founder calls book spiritual exercises composition place endeavoured imagine senses mind imagination material character awful place physical torments hell endure evening consider moments nature spiritual torments hell sin remember twofold enormity base consent corrupt nature lower instincts gross beastlike turning counsel higher nature pure holy holy god reason mortal sin punished hell forms punishment physical spiritual spiritual pains greatest pain loss fact torment greater saint thomas greatest doctor church doctor called says worst damnation consists understanding totally deprived divine light affection obstinately turned goodness god
stephen smiled answer smile priest shadowed face image spectre passing rapidly mind low discreet accent fell ear gazed calmly waning sky glad cool evening faint yellow glow hid tiny flame kindling cheek names articles dress worn women soft delicate stuffs making brought mind delicate sinful perfume boy imagined reins horses driven slender silken bands shocked feel greasy leather harness shocked felt beneath tremulous fingers brittle texture woman stocking retaining read save echo prophecy amid phrases stuffs dared conceive soul body woman moving tender phrase priest lips knew priest speak lightly theme phrase spoken lightly design felt face searched eyes shadow heard read craft jesuits put frankly borne experience
wait longer door byron gate chapel gate chapel door byron chapel paced slowly planting steps scrupulously spaces patchwork footpath timing fall fall verses full hour passed father dan crosby tutor find university full hour paced waiting wait longer set abruptly bull walking rapidly father shrill whistle call moments rounded curve police barrack safe yes mother hostile idea read listless silence mistrust pricked keenly father pride thought coldly watched faith fading soul aging strengthening eyes dim antagonism gathered force darkened mind cloud disloyalty passed cloudlike leaving mind serene dutiful aware dimly regret noiseless lives university passed challenge sentries stood guardians boyhood sought subject serve ends
trees avenue evoked memories girls women plays memory pale sorrows fragrance falling wet branches mingled mood quiet joy morning walk city begun passed fairview think cloistral prose newman walked north strand road glancing idly windows provision shops recall dark humour guido smile baird stonecutting works talbot place spirit ibsen blow keen wind spirit wayward boyish beauty passing grimy shop liffey repeat song ben jonson begins lay mind wearied search essence beauty amid spectral words aristotle aquinas turned pleasure dainty songs elizabethans mind doubting monk stood shadow windows age hear grave mocking music frank laughter laugh low phrase tarnished false honour stung pride drove lore believed pass days brooding rapt youth garner slender sentences aristotle poetics psychology synopsis ad
walked hall dixon leaving leave elaborately dwarf colonnade temple standing midst group students cried dixon till hear temple grand form temple turned dark eyes re hypocrite dixon hell think literary expression laughed looking stephen face repeating hell delighted stout student stood steps mistress temple want hear faith temple married priests dining hell think touch call riding hack spare hunter dixon tell temple quarts porter intellectual soul phrase temple open scorn moved shambling gait round group spoke stephen kings belgium asked door entrance hall hat thrust nape neck picking teeth care temple paused answer dislodged teeth point rude toothpick gazed intently
snatched ashplant roughly stephen hand sprang steps temple hearing move pursuit fled dusk wild creature nimble heavy boots heard loudly charging returning heavily foiled spurning gravel step step angry angry abrupt gesture thrust stick stephen hand stephen felt anger patience touched arm slightly quietly told wanted speak looked moments asked yes stephen speak crossed speaking birdcall siegfried whistled softly steps porch turned dixon whistled called fellows game shouts air game billiards played hotel stephen walked quiet street opposite maple hotel stood wait patient hotel colourless polished wood colourless quiet front stung glance polite disdain stared angrily softly lit drawingroom hotel imagined sleek lives patricians ireland housed calm thought army commissions land agents peasants greeted roads country knew names french dishes gave orders highpitched provincial voices pierced skintight accents
college wrangle rogue bruno nolan began italian ended english bruno terrible heretic terribly burned agreed sorrow gave recipe calls pronounces soft protrudes full carnal lips kissed vowel repent yes cry round rogue tears eye crossing stephen green remembered countrymen mine invented night called religion quartet soldiers ninetyseventh infantry regiment sat foot cross tossed dice overcoat crucified library tried read reviews useless alarmed blake wrote alas poor william diorama rotunda end pictures big william ewart gladstone dead orchestra played willie missed race troubled night dreams want chest curving gallery floor ascend pillars dark vapours peopled images fabulous kings set stone hands folded knees token weariness eyes darkened errors dark vapours
david ian strapped harnesses put helmets wind david announced position easy flight grabbed hold control bar began running downhill sail barely inflated pushed control frame body making nose pitch upward wings lifted air ian stared awe saw father gliding mountain backdrop sprained ankle throbbed badly ian knew run short distance tried ignore pain things remember spun head grabbing control bar ian began run thought pain ankle unbearable pushed control frame body soared air sweat poured face glided father shifted weight control bar turn pushed bar slow move david ian david feeling pleased flight going smoothly soon land mountain glancing backward check ian ian felt fly hours getting tired air rushed face bounced helmet pushing bar forward backward wings lifted higher lower
jerome motorcycle fran owed older brother final payment twenty dollars send month want bike jerome asked final leave army unit transferred germany easy put words guess ride answered grinned real rider knew say exactly liked ride fran worked school jobs baby sitter waitress gas station attendant money jerome rest spent gas wheeling spare saturday morning fran father looked kitchen table surprise worked late night fran re early job today dad gave kiss sat eat breakfast afternoon morning going adventuring noise maker city father drove cross town bus glared window weather looks rain driving bus raining month grumbled fran mother sat week jackson river rising flood
sail chief town american samoa civilization liking hurricane season idea hole turned dove riding anchor harbor worst storm hit samoa seventy january early afternoon port official rowed past dove shouted batten barometer dropping fast took wind vane fastened sails removed awning put extra lines california friend jud flown samoa weeks earlier joined board dove sunset red ugly ominous gusty wind began whip harbor water barometer fell hours dove snug cabin jud watched portholes excited feel big going happen turned tape recorder give running commentary clock night gusts wind hurling spray air snow blizzard dove swinging rolling side side ten clock imagined wind ports lights going town streets suddenly blackened power fails telephone poles crash radio says full force hurricane won hit till midnight
soundless shadow feared master seas twenty foot white shark swims prey jaws open baring rows razor sharp teeth huge white monster attacks heavy steel cage shudders holds inside cage small black wet suit bounced roughly hands cling tightly underwater camera paying attention damage cage waits calmly determined clear picture killer attack scene exciting movie plastic shark simply small gray haired frenchman faces danger week lives jacques cousteau adventurer cousteau sit cage tons deadly killer fish trying dinner qualities lead choose course courage knows common kind courage called crisis courage ability meet sudden unexpected dangers quick action news full stories bystander acting quickly rescues burning building oncoming car danger acts automatic thinking simply rarer kind courage endurance courage kind needed true adventurer face danger hardship order reach desired goal
thick battle fierce pirate stood small tanned quick pistol sword fighter moved blood washed deck ease cloud gunpowder captain watched crew member lucky read aboard thought fought ship match dutch ship calico jack captured young read guessed brave sailor fact woman ship won crew choice join pirates die mary read idea pirate interesting necessity thrill adventure led high seas clothes sailor ship pirates fighting flew british flag crew english early part century ship fair game pirates carolina coast caribbean bowed law search wealth adventure british flag lowered pirate flag run mast prisoners strong handsome obviously rough labor hands clean smooth fear showed asked
lenny bent slightly forward bike handles relaxing coasted alley past garbage cans doors shops home suddenly rear door shops banged open thin muscular rushed pulling red ski mask ran butt black pistol stuck airline bag clenched left arm lenny gasped gripped hand brakes face free ski mask turned fourteen blue eyes fixed lenny hard threatening look hand moved gun airline bag lenny pulled stare released brakes took alley hey kid want talk shouted lenny looked saw start alley pedaled faster suddenly bike swayed toppling hit rut wipe thought trying pull bike upright struggled blue nylon jacket tied waist fell lenny glanced saw running jacket unimportant hold called lenny took alley corner top speed coming gun hand pumped hard quick turn sure sight
sign door read internal security inside office richards leaned forward chair desk nathan bancroft head company research laboratories spoke quickly saturday miss richards worker highly classified sections plans secret type laser beam clearly spy scientist invented beam tried stop shot death nodded bancroft land lab honeycombed underground caverns connected huge system natural tunnels mapped explored stole plans killed scientist ardent speleologist cave explorer possibly reason hobby suffers hay fever cavern air pure case spent days section tunnels known maze minos number cave explorers lost local won known expert underground maze learned murderer question miss richards spy expected theft plans discovered pure luck section head discovered happened immediately phoned police police lucky spotted murderer car call
bright winter afternoon children school bus bus driver disappeared sucked monstrous vacuum cleaner completely vanished children traveled clayton school lakeview miles trip yellow passenger station wagon driven young clayton woman named joyce mahoney disappearance took place mile stretch road disappearance impossible mile stretch called dug side mountain wound edge lake heavy wire guard rails protected road water opposite side road lake mountain rose abruptly upward thousands acres woods dirt road yards led woods abandoned quarry pass dirt road leaving trail torn brush lakeview end stood tony filling station afternoon disappearance joyce stopped give tony letter drove cargo laughing shouting kids clayton end stan gorman diner stan son rode bus diner joyce stop afternoon stan gorman realized bus late worried called lakeview principal bus left
evening moved city shadows fell row empty brownstone buildings street lights silent sparkles broken windows soon row houses torn sagging structure adjoining times herald building left standing owned city thomas thresher dirty half open cellar window thresher house dim light shone worked haze brick dust cobwebs window dark eyes watched consuelo whispered sister rosa re sure strange rosa apartment street girls seen thresher enter building past evenings times lew whittier neighborhood times carried sledge hammers drill heavy tool box girls hear clanking tools clatter falling plaster mixed hushed voices side lew hacking wall brownstone newspaper building thresher worked hard steadily papers allow printed tensely told exactly want thresher tall thin thresher looked sharply young vital face grim smiling picture election posters town
evening york city tried murder general george washington murderer caught executed records give details known crime cases american history happened told account imaginary diary hanging brightest inventions crowd enjoy prisoner try kill general washington proud say played small part catching criminal fact efforts doubt person caught relates occurred murder attempt took place warm evening revolutionary army engaged struggle independence britain stationed york city general mrs washington residing home mrs bell widow received rent served cook housekeeper general george washington sat dinner told mind full worries picked food british cross staten island attack likely strike forces island sighed pushed plate mrs washington ate landlady cooked dinner surprised general wife hearty appetites
knew high father starting part plan family worked winter sitting lamplight pine table massachusetts father spread surveyor map traced boundaries land purchased maine territory settlers township spring ice melted matt father travel north passage ship settlement mouth river find boat river smaller river branched days distance settlement finally strike foot forest claim plot land clear patch ground build cabin plant corn summer father massachusetts fetch mother sister baby born matt stay guard cabin corn patch easy sounded house quincy matt going sleep night muscle body aching log house finished room winter add loft sister sleep
ben voice drawled thickened food drowsiness told big moose hunts days indians fought recent war french despised stirring indians maine settlements singlehandedly shot half french army especially hated jesuit priests redskins part expedition broke chapel smashed idols captive fierce iroquois set putting torture smart escaped night listening matt couldn hear talk big hero jack giant killer didn look part certainly fallen hard times late doubt tell story voice trailing slumped lower lower presently sprawled flat floor snoring clear bed matt bed matt moved quietly doubted disturb guest cleaned bowls twig brush banked fire ashes finally settled hemlock mattress couldn sleep lay staring log roof flickers firelight died cabin darkness
remembering bee tree father discovered weeks ago high tree swampy edge pond called loon pond bees buzzing woodpecker hole matt thought wild bees father bees america till colonists brought england swarm escaped river towns bees left pa felt scarcely endure meal plain fish hungry bit tasty knowing fondness molasses mother persuaded carry keg maine father smiled running finger round round empty keg child licking drop bear missed couldn stop thinking honey worth sting taste couldn danger going tree taking cupful bees miss morning mind try easy tree climb branches neatly rungs ladder bees notice pulled higher higher
carved bark matt crude figure animal imagination beaver sign show beaver house belong beaver attean explained young beaver grown beaver hunt hunt beaver mean mark tree hunter shoot attean gravely indian understand white understand matt wondered thought ben stolen rifle wasn likely ben respect indian sign remember warn father beaver intend show boys climbed bank row stumps attean halted signaled matt ahead show cabin ordered matt suspicions rushing attean intend sneak leave find home kind trick demanded hotly attean looked stern trick matt need learn matt relief took lead short distance stopped pointed broken stick leaning direction creek farther small stone set larger tuft dried grass dangled branch small tree indian sign attean sign tell
robinson crusoe end matt skipped half choosing pages plenty action sorry lasted longer attean disappointed bad commented copying matt frequent remarks tell story brothers night tell story delighted matt tried picture indians sitting campfire night listening attean tell story robinson crusoe give deal hear attean version suddenly inspiration want stories lots exclaimed took father bible shelf thought samson david goliath joseph coat colors re robinson crusoe promised true ancient bible stories filled adventure told straight simple language didn need skipping began story noah god warned noah flood coming noah built ark took inside family kind animal lived ark safely rained forty days forty nights noah dove times twig olive beak noah knew flood matt looked grin attean face
matt glimmer light deep woods attean led presently barred solid wall upright posts stockade quiver uneasiness matt falter stronger doubt curiosity drove moment turned eagerly attean gateway open space filled smoke moving shadows wavering patches light cast birchbark torches circle rose dim shapes cabins cone shaped wigwams center circle narrow fire burning walls logs suspended timbers hung iron pots sending rosy curls steam smoky air fragrance boiling meat pungent herbs matt stomach crawl aware indians sat silently side fire painted faces ghastly flickering light clad odd medley garments englishmen coats jackets bright blankets draping shoulders feathers standing straight headbands gleam metal arms chests women bright cloth skirts odd pointed caps moved sound adding wood fire stirring contents kettles light glinted silver necklaces clearly indians put finest array feast
morning attean returned matt waiting watching forest trail impatiently unwilling cabin miss boy coming finally saw attean approaching heart sank attean grandfather stalked side matt sensed meant trouble reproach surely boys neglecting lessons face matt walked meet courteously giving greeting learned returned greeting dignity smile solemn face matt heart sink lower startled matt turned attean dare ask question saw need ask doubt attean found changed stood straighter taller looked older matt suddenly realized black hair hung straight shoulders shaved scalp grandfather bare single patch running forehead braided fastened red string fresh bear grease glistened skin pride glistened carried gleaming rifle gun matt cried politeness forgotten grandfather trade beaver skin attean answered days learned altogether hide feelings
cold bothered homespun jacket sound warm weather breeches threadbare knee showed naked gaping hole frayed legs stopped inches ankles linen shirt thin page father bible small threatened split moved inside cabin scarcely warm moment ventured teeth chattered thought enviously indians deerskin leggings deer prowess hunter blankets pine bed father couldn cover daytime night spread blanket floor hacked axe knife worn breeches pattern leftover scraps carefully pulled threads twisted seen indian women bone needles searched cabin till found thin hard bits bone shaved knife ruined bits trying poke hole bone thought try thin slit hold thread finally managed sew woolen pieces thrust legs shapeless breeches gathered top waist bit rope
standing snow father reached put hand matt shoulder grown job son proud matt speak took breath think indians empty cabin found mother fears true heard words father spoken attean felt knew found hunter father untied bundles sledge matt lugged cabin flour molasses fine kettle warm bright quilts thanks boots woolen jacket breeches felt richer robinson crusoe plunder sunken ship noted father rifle presently discovered poking mother pack musket doubt learned family threatened suspected sarah grown wouldn feared pull trigger need need fend inside cabin sarah bustling capably unwrapping pewter dishes setting whale oil lamp stood table quincy funniest looking dog saw
happened war parts anyway pretty true guy knew shot dresden taking teapot wasn guy knew threaten personal enemies killed hired war changed names dresden guggenheim money god love looked lot dayton ohio open spaces dayton tons human bone meal ground war buddy bernard hare friends cab driver took slaughterhouse locked night prisoners war gerhard muller told prisoner americans asked live communism terrible hard wasn shelter food clothing things pleasant apartment daughter getting excellent education mother incinerated dresden fire storm goes hare postcard christmastime wish family friend merry christmas happy hope meet peace freedom taxi cab accident
think education university chicago war student department anthropology teaching absolutely difference teaching thing taught ridiculous bad disgusting shortly father died wrote story villain told things learned college war studying anthropologist working police reporter famous chicago city news bureau twenty dollars week switched night shift shift worked sixteen hours straight supported newspapers town ap cover courts police stations fire department coast guard lake michigan connected institutions supported means pneumatic tubes ran streets chicago reporters telephone stories writers wearing headphones writers stencil stories mimeograph sheets stories mimeographed stuffed brass velvet cartridges pneumatic tubes ate toughest reporters writers women jobs war
girls crossed delaware river george washington crossed morning york fair saw past according ford motor car company walt disney saw future according general motors asked present wide deep mine taught creative writing famous writers workshop university iowa couple perfectly beautiful trouble taught afternoons mornings wrote disturbed working famous book dresden nice named seymour lawrence gave book contract famous book dresden friends seymour lawrence call sam say sam sam book short jumbled jangled sam intelligent say massacre supposed dead say want supposed quiet massacre birds birds say say massacre things tee told sons circumstances part massacres news massacres enemies fill satisfaction glee
execution billy numb father carried shower room pool eyes closed opened eyes bottom pool beautiful music lost consciousness music dimly sensed rescuing billy resented traveled forty visiting decrepit mother pine knoll home put month caught pneumonia wasn expected live live voice nearly order hear billy put ear papery lips evidently important say began stopped tired hoped wouldn say rest sentence billy finish billy idea mind mother prompted swallowed hard shed tears gathered energy ruined body toes fingertips accumulated whisper complete sentence billy antique mother passed billy led room pretty nurse body covered sheet wheeled billy entered corridor
germans dog engaged military operation amusingly explanatory human enterprise seldom detail reported news history war enthusiasts sort post satisfaction imagination combat fans divinely listless follows orgasm victory called mopping dog sounded ferocious winter distances female german shepherd shivering tail legs borrowed morning farmer war idea game played princess germans boys early teens ramshackle toothless carp irregulars armed clothed junk real soldiers newly dead goes farmers german border commander middle aged corporal red eyed scrawny tough dried beef sick war wounded times patched war soldier quit find surrender bandy legs thrust golden cavalry boots dead hungarian colonel russian front goes boots owned home
billy carpeted stairway wife bedroom room flowered wallpaper double bed clock radio table table controls electric blanket switch turn gentle vibrator bolted springs box mattress trade vibrator magic fingers vibrator doctor idea billy took tri coat necktie shoes closed venetian blinds drapes lay sleep tears seeped billy turned magic fingers jiggled wept rang billy bed looked window front doorstep important call crippled spastic space billy pilgrim convulsions dance change expressions trying imitate famous movie stars cripple ringing doorbell street crutches leg jammed crutches shoulders hid ears billy knew cripples selling subscriptions magazines subscribed salesmen pitiful
billy pilgrim says universe look lot bright dots creatures creatures star going heavens filled rarefied luminous spaghetti don human beings creatures babies legs end legs says billy pilgrim billy asked read trip captors million books microfilm project billy cabin actual book english museum valley dolls jacqueline billy read thought pretty spots certainly ups downs ups downs billy didn want read ups downs asked wasn reading matter novels afraid couldn begin understand speaker wall let look anyway things dozen bulk valley dolls ups downs downs billy couldn read course books laid clumps symbols separated stars
englishmen clean enthusiastic decent strong sang singing night englishmen lifting weights chinning bellies muscles calves upper arms cannonballs masters checkers chess bridge dominoes charades ping pong billiards wealthiest europe terms food clerical error early war food getting prisoners caused red cross ship hundred parcels month fifty englishmen hoarded cunningly war ending tons sugar ton coffee eleven hundred pounds chocolate hundred pounds tobacco seventeen hundred pounds tea tons flour ton canned beef twelve hundred pounds canned butter sixteen hundred pounds canned cheese hundred pounds powdered milk tons orange marmalade room windows lining flattened tin cans adored germans thought exactly englishmen war look stylish reasonable fun germans let sheds shed held exchange coffee chocolate tobacco germans gave paint lumber nails cloth fixing things
billy fell asleep blanket woke tied bed hospital prison opened eye saw poor edgar derby reading red badge courage candlelight billy closed eye saw memory future poor edgar derby front firing squad ruins dresden squad billy heard firing squad customarily rifle loaded blank cartridge billy didn think blank cartridge issued squad small war head englishman hospital check billy infantry colonel captured dunkirk billy morphine wasn real doctor compound doctoring patient asked derby dead actually dead nice feel full credit alive derby lugubrious attention officer sick think usual pageantry officers derby remained standing older rest colonel derby told forty older colonel colonel americans shaved billy derby beards
howard campbell jr discussed uniform american enlisted war army history prosperous attempted clothe lowliest soldiers impressive stylish experts drinking looting sudden death american army sends enlisted fight die modified business suit evidently sterilized gift nose holding charity passes clothing drunks slums clad officer addresses dressed bum officer army officer contempt armies genuine expression hatred poor blame misery prison administrator dealing captured american enlisted warned expect brotherly love brothers cohesion individuals sulky child wishes dead campbell told german experience captured american enlisted known pitying fraternal dirtiest prisoners war campbell incapable concerted action behalf despised leader number refused follow listen grounds stop putting airs
listen billy pilgrim says dresden germany morphine night british compound center extermination camp russian prisoners war billy woke dawn january windows hospital ghostly candles light pin prick holes walls sketchy rectangle outlined imperfectly fitted door paul lazzaro broken arm snored bed edgar derby high school teacher eventually shot snored billy sat bed idea planet planet cold wasn cold awakened billy animal magnetism making shiver itch gave profound aches musculature exercising hard animal magnetism coming billy guess source vampire bat hanging upside wall billy moved foot cot turning look didn want animal drop face maybe claw eyes bite big nose turned source magnetism resemble bat billy impresario coat fur collar
billy pilgrim heard lying nest looked englishman face ankles envy lads englishman laughed billy wondered joke lads leaving afternoon dresden beautiful city told won cooped food plentiful inject personal note seen tree flower woman child dog cat place entertainment human kind worry bombs dresden open city undefended war industries troop concentrations importance edgar derby elected head american englishman called nominations floor nominated derby praising maturity experience dealing nominations nominations closed favor aye poor derby speech thanked englishman advice meant follow exactly sure americans primary responsibility damn sure home safely flying fuck rolling doughnut murmured paul lazzaro nest
billy sat jiggling coffin head tilted nostrils flaring happy warm food wagon wine camera stamp collection stuffed owl mantel clock ran barometric pressure americans empty houses suburb imprisoned things owners hearing russians coming killing robbing raping burning fled russians days war peaceful ruins billy saw person slaughterhouse pushing baby buggy buggy pots cups umbrella frame things found billy stayed wagon reached slaughterhouse looking souvenirs later advise billy concentrate happy moments ignore unhappy stare pretty things eternity failed sort selectivity billy chosen happiest moment sun drenched snooze wagon billy pilgrim armed armed basic training companions insisted arm god knew sorts killers burrows face moon wild dogs packs rats fattened corpses escaped maniacs murderers soldiers quit killing killed
billy left room slow elevator walked times square looked window tawdry bookstore window hundreds books fucking murder street guide york city model statue liberty thermometer window speckled soot fly shit paperback novels billy friend trout news written ribbon lights building billy window reflected news power sports anger death goes billy bookstore sign adults allowed peep shows showed movies young women clothes cost quarter look machine minute photographs naked young sale home stills lot movies look wanted wouldn change twenty future girls young smiling smoldering simply looking stupid legs wide open eating lollipops bananas eating young muscles bulging cannonballs
robert kennedy summer home miles home live round shot nights ago died night goes martin luther king shot month ago died goes government count corpses created military science vietnam goes father died ago natural goes sweet gun nut left guns rust says billy pilgrim interest jesus christ figure engaging mind says charles darwin taught die meant die corpses improvements goes general idea appears big board trout flying saucer creatures capture trout hero ask darwin ask golf billy pilgrim learned true live forever matter dead overjoyed going spend eternity visiting moment grateful moments nice nicest recent times trip dresden war buddy hare took hungarian airlines plane east berlin pilot handlebar mustache looked
reason shopping waller romantic mother told buy rain hat wandered department store looked sadly things couldn afford glanced wistfully things wouldn allowed wear bikini swim suit instance renee weston renee weston yes girl bert howland taking dance saturday night asked going ask going ask quiet genevieve smith walking aisles head hung heart judge felt dragged floor hair ribbons stopped cold saw sign eye catchers sign big selection bow ribbons happy bright seen color rainbow pick color suit personality stood moment head mother let wear decided bow big showy nerve eye catchers kind kind renee weston wear stood thinking suddenly clerk broke thoughts nice dearie afraid replied
traveling calabria land wicked believe hate french reason tell say mortally hate french badly fall hands young companion mountains roads steep horses difficulty companion path shorter led astray fault trusted head twenty daylight lasted tried find wood tried lost pitch dark evil looking house entered fear found family coal miners table asked join young wait asked soon eating drinking looking place pieces dark smoked meat hung ceiling hosts look miners house arsenal guns pistols swords knives kinds displeased saw displeased hosts companion family
west york city washington square streets run crazy strange angles curves street crosses poor artist discovered place live suppose bill collector streets suddenly meet coming cent paid bills ago art numbers area called greenwich village young artists poured country looking north windows low rents sue johnsy art studio johnsy nickname joanna rented top story brick building maine california girls met eighth street cafeteria tastes art tastes food shared studio natural result november cold unseen stranger doctors called pneumonia stalked city icy fingers touched east side walked boldly dozens hundreds died walk slowly crooked narrow streets greenwich village pneumonia kind red short breath young woman california fair game johnsy touched soon lay scarcely moving bed
grandmother believed truthful woman paid taxes church considered lord business children told lies soon saw light truth bed supper taste soap sharp tongues story follows bothers true course grandma ninety told mind started fail believed knows maybe try tell story told nursing home late night tv room grandma eyelids hung low eyes worked wrinkled jaw times began happened grandma war ii didn gas days herbert took car tried ride lived vermont days thinking herbert business claremont hampshire river herbert saved gas car twenty miles leave friday night restaurant meal maybe movie stay hotel drive
colonel jonathan buck founder maine local judge strict stern stubborn end buck faced truly awful case body unknown woman found pieces missing leg chopped knee absolutely suspects colonel buck duty produce murderer quickly local half wit choice poor lived shack edge town powers sorcery effort obey rules society lived odd things buck concerned decided case poor wretch sentenced death hanging arrived rope tightened doomed called buck leg leg mark words follow grave strange hang damn ordered case glad judge shoes passed curse forgotten judge died thought town greatest citizen buried honor splendid monument finest stone grave passed strange stain appeared stone
written friend jorkens reason caused amount trouble house bringing fault think happened simple friend mine children liked thrilling tales told stories lions tigers failed thrill thought jorkens unusual stories adventures animals asia africa told failed likely succeed told friend children knew hunter big game stories mine asked friend bring idea frightening jorkens tales think children easily frightened permission bring jorkens children unfortunately asked thrilling tale actual words jorkens began soon asked blamed say asked mind seen jorkens word kind
esther looked baby interest lay crib playing toes bright eyes toe stuck odd angle suddenly tired study turned stomach tried move corner crib unable smile esther felt warm glow body movement womb held happy promise flood confused memories swept moments joy moments sadness nearness birth things put words thoughts feelings ran strong looked baby soon movement belly told soon thoughts broke blurred picture hold baby awkward turn diaper pin popped open sharp point sharper pain howling door opened seconds anxious mother swept room baby precious boy cry mummy picked arms snuggled look esther silly boy cry esther loud howl hand pressed pin skin discovered complaint apology nasty mummy hurt darling words ran end
pain pain throb places real pain ache tired feeling space stronger stronger intend shaw think wife baby improved course weakness correct understand care open eyes jeff sense stand white room longer wish die didn live cry cry wanted jeff told strength sorts tears tell baby died yes doctor hard hard told boy pleased spite happened sunshine room flowers wonder jeff tell child buried
girls precious town september thousand boys college tell precious college girls town learned humility college girls age fourteen knows worth thinks high school boys learn humble wait patiently wait grow college boys smooth sophisticated tell girl town infinitely beautiful desirable truth merely scarce commodity simple glass water welcome desert plain wild flower treasured bare rocky countryside grow fast learn put childish things sit booths smoke talk knowledgeably phones ring pick choose avid lonely college boys laugh joke dance frenetic kind gaiety sit dark corners worries tom wasted sitting gloom listening college boys worry tests grades majors draft russia china un africa cuba south america bomb strontium ddt civil rights rights god exist worried smoked worried lung cancer smoked worried october seventeenth birthday sat dark clancey drank coffee listened craig worry zoology vietnam peptic ulcer
house home molly want beat fists wall scream appendicitis ruptured common appendicitis hospital evening operate early morning called uncle jack doctor tell sneak tomorrow asked soon recovery room sure leave card desk quick peek won feel don worry operating routine talked night funny told fallen love nurse mature mature fifty sex appeal smelled sweetly lysol ether bleach measurements classic bewitching wart chin moves hands lovely red hams don fight molly bigger father drove class beautiful morning don stay longer ten minutes re missing class visit evening picked card rode elevator
ready ready soon scientists happen today look look children pressed roses weeds intermixed peering look hidden sun rained raining thousands thousands days compounded filled end rain drum gush water sweet crystal fall showers concussion storms heavy tidal waves islands thousand forests crushed rain grown thousand times crushed forever planet venus schoolroom children rocket women raining set civilization live lives stopping stopping yes yes margot stood children remember wasn rain rain rain ago sun hour showed face stunned recall night heard stir remembrance knew dreaming remembering gold yellow crayon coin large buy knew thought remembered warmness blushing face body arms legs trembling hands
minta hawley grew crisp golden early september remember poignant clarity remembered slapping sound waves pungent smell logs burning gulls soared swooped overhead remembered father face told began saturday minta lying bed extra hour breakfast lazy unhurried saturday mornings breakfast room minta father engrossed paper mother flying gayly colored housecoat mixing waffles frying bacon minta setting table talked casual happy talk love don conversation neighborhood doings items paper clothes minta need school couple weeks dishes finished minta father asked beach low tide clams minta nodded agreement mother face horrors clam chowder week sure wouldn mary minta father asked salt air help headache run curl apple television program yawned stretched looking young minta minta ran upstairs heavy shoes jeans
friends relatives stood sidelines watching minta talked answered questions heart encased shell breaking school home empty house tried things mother help meaning friends neighbors hard tried hate urged cry feel dear aunt grace insisted lifted handkerchief eyes walked minta stared chilling indifference overheard talking mother knew asked minta father answered knew waiting ambulance looked bedroom curtains christmas minta knew father worried sorry wall wall tired surmount night door room studying wonder clothes aunt grace takes church bazaar began haltingly looked understanding gently mother clothes
don mind staying school says professor herbert whip switch let home early pa whip anyway getting home hours late big whip says professor herbert punish climbing cherry tree boys knew boys paid dollar helped pay tree borrow dollar says punishment wish quicker punishment wouldn mind professor herbert stood looked big wore gray suit clothes suit matched gray hair don father says professor herbert called fashioned makes mind re twenty believes spare rod spoil child able understand cherry tree high school punishment says professor herbert stay hours school today hours school tomorrow allowing twenty cents hour money high school student sweep schoolhouse floor wash blackboards clean windows pay dollar couldn ask professor herbert loan dollar
knew history junta mystery big patriot worked hard coming mexican revolution late seeing junta liked drifted crowded busy rooms thought spy comrades prisons irons lined adobe walls shot sight boy impress favorably boy eighteen large announced felipe rivera wish revolution explanation stood waiting smile lips friendliness eyes big paulino vera felt shudder forbidding terrible hard understand snakelike boy black eyes burned cold fire vast bitterness paulino vera looked questioningly ramos questioningly looked doubt eyes slender boy unknown danger unknown understanding honest ordinary revolutionists hatred diaz tyranny patriots knew vera quickest act stepped
maybe thousand maybe high thousand danny share thousand sixteen hundred pretty takin licking guy reputation ye say rivera took breaths winner finality dead silence prevailed takin candy baby danny manager danny shook head win lose eighty split ye say mexican rivera shook head danny exploded getting brass tacks dirty greaser mind knock block winner takes rivera repeated stand danny asked lick straight answer danny half started coat manager knew grandstand play coat danny allowed calmed group sympathized rivera stood think lick danny blurted rivera nodded listen reason kelly pleaded think advertising want money rivera answer couldn win thousand danny told holding rivera money easy don help danny cried beat death ring boy
room sucker slept bed didn interfere room mine wanted remember sawing trap door floor sophomore high school tacked wall pictures girls magazines mother bothered younger kids look sucker thought swell bring friends room glance sucker busy maybe half smile leave saying word brought kids twelve younger knew telling didn want kids age meddling things half forget sucker brother cousin practically remember family folks killed wreck baby kid sisters brother sucker remember believe word nickname couple ago told jump garage umbrella act parachute wouldn fall hard
don wrong mean want understand beginning dumb girl shouldn read listen radio older sisters score smart wear skirts shaggy sweaters sleeves pushed pearls ankle socks saddle shoes look seen hair shoulders sleek wet seal fluffed ends wear campus hat dink peasant hankie sort face properly peasant hankie think edelweiss mist sunny mountains yodeling swiss cheese kind peasant wear hankie makes face wide slavic look picture magazine articles run stalin says future russia lies women women tilled soil raised children anyway exactly small town read winchell column york boy pineapple princess west coast paradise pretty prettiest eventually play scarlett
school valhalla drugstore owned uncle ed marshall call marshall including wife called marshall nice drugstore maybe fashioned large dark cool summer months pleasanter place town left entered tobacco magazine counter rule sat marshall squat square faced pink fleshed looping manly white mustaches counter stood beautiful soda fountain antique fine yellowed marble smooth touch trace cheap glaze marshall bought auction orleans plainly proud sat high delicate stools looked fountain reflected softly candlelight row ancient mahogany framed mirrors merchandise displayed glass cabinets locked brass keys air smell syrup nutmeg delicacies valhalla gathering place county till rufus mcpherson town opened drugstore directly courthouse square rufus villain took uncle trade installed fancy equipment electric fans colored lights provided curb service grilled cheese sandwiches order
night thermometer dropped lower dawn swift summerlike rainstorms bright frozen town picture postcard northern scene icicles sparkling whitely trees frost flowers coating windowpanes rose early clear reason tramped streets ringing supper bell windless smoke climbed lazily chimneys straightway frozen sky midmorning presbyterian choir full swing town kids wearing horror masks halloween chasing round round square kicking awful fuss dropped noon help fix valhalla brought fat sack ate tossing hulls newly installed potbellied stove present marshall stood middle room uncle took jug fountain polished prominently situated table help whatsoever squatted chair spent tying tacky green ribbon jug rest swept floor washed mirrors dusted cabinets strung streamers red green crepe paper wall wall finished looked fine elegant
father scratched finger ear reached side pocket coat extracted cigarette re going smoke fred asked excuse forgot cigarette smoke car specific making fred ill fred senses sharpened suddenly sight ack ack battery trim khaki colored guns radar screens evoked montage black puffs air doomed planes streaking earthward trailing smoke flame guns thrilling sight fred knew coming part ride minutes bridge water bright october brightness water bay flashed gold fishing bridge steel poles adding general scattered feet glistening patches seaweed gulls hovered spread wings bellies enamel white industrious heads turning fred rolled car window stuck head heard concert hoarse gull cries invariably sight thing happened repeated words jingle bells code summoned image rosy children riding horse drawn sleigh field snow book songs illustrations eroded existence ago mauled love say words instantly transported awesome brink discovery
hear asking thought re newcomer district holiday plenty days summer months find eventually cliffs beach pause look sea lake lovely spot quiet remote wonder choosing live don remember ago arrived war escape civilisation maybe lived folks things hot hard say feeling gave grudge remember set eyes bet fellow character yes living lake missus funny sort lash exposed weather didn mind warned fellows farm advised grin give lived lake wide berth didn care strangers warily didn stay pass
blamed mother deal tell boy moods boy going think intelligence show spirit arrangement worked boy stuck close mother suppose helped home don left took sitting bridge humped staring sea queer brooding look strange lonely didn don thoughts sure evil suddenly missus family fishing happy contented party changed thrust cold missus boy stayed felt sorry felt frightened felt indefinitely happen beach driftwood blowing night glanced lake saw boy wasn mother seen edge marsh
wild homely narrative pen expect solicit belief mad expect case senses reject evidence mad surely dream morrow die soul purpose place plainly succinctly comment series mere household events consequences events terrified tortured destroyed attempt expound presented horror terrible intellect found reduce commonplace intellect calm logical excitable perceive circumstances detail awe ordinary succession natural effects infancy noted docility humanity disposition tenderness heart conspicuous jest companions especially fond animals indulged parents variety pets spent happy feeding caressing peculiarity character grew growth manhood derived principal sources pleasure
calculation deceived means crow bar easily dislodged bricks carefully deposited body wall propped position trouble structure originally stood procured mortar sand hair precaution prepared plaster distinguished carefully brick finished felt satisfied wall present slightest appearance disturbed rubbish floor picked minutest care looked triumphantly labor vain step look beast wretchedness length firmly resolved put death able meet moment doubt fate appeared crafty animal alarmed violence previous anger forbore present present mood impossible describe imagine deep blissful sense relief absence detested creature occasioned bosom appearance night night house soundly tranquilly slept ay slept burden murder soul
huge cemetery miles distant buried dead house steeped shadow silence quickly realize remained expectation happen lighten load heavy hearts bear days passed expectation gave place resignation hopeless resignation apathy exchanged word talk days weariness week waking suddenly night stretched hand found room darkness sound subdued weeping window raised bed listened tenderly cold colder son woman wept afresh sound sobs died ears bed warm eyes heavy sleep dozed fitfully slept sudden wild cry wife awoke start paw cried wildly monkey paw started alarm matter stumbling room want quietly destroyed parlor bracket replied marvelling
miles city cincinnati lay immense unbroken forest region sparsely settled frontier restless souls sooner hewn fairly habitable homes wilderness attained degree prosperity today call impelled mysterious impulse nature abandoned pushed farther westward encounter perils privations effort regain meager comforts voluntarily renounced forsaken region settlements remaining arriving lived house logs surrounded sides forest gloom silence part known smile speak needless word simple wants supplied sale barter skins wild animals river town thing grow land needful claimed undisturbed possession evidences improvement acres ground immediately house cleared trees decayed stumps half concealed growth suffered repair wrought ax apparently zeal agriculture burned failing flame expiring penitential ashes
seated breakfast morning wife maid brought telegram sherlock holmes ran couple days spare wired west england connection valley tragedy glad air scenery perfect leave paddington say dear wife looking don say fairly list present looking pale lately think change interested sherlock holmes cases ungrateful seeing gained answered pack half hour experience camp afghanistan effect making prompt ready wants simple stated cab valise rattling paddington station sherlock holmes pacing platform tall gaunt figure taller gray travelling cloak close fitting cloth cap watson
walked station wandered streets town finally returning hotel lay sofa tried interest yellow backed puny plot story thin compared deep mystery groping found attention wander continually fiction fact flung room gave entirely consideration events supposing unhappy young story absolutely true hellish thing absolutely unforeseen extraordinary calamity occurred parted father moment drawn screams rushed glade terrible deadly nature injuries reveal medical instincts rang bell called weekly county paper contained verbatim account surgeon deposition stated posterior left parietal bone left half occipital bone shattered heavy blow blunt weapon marked spot head clearly blow struck extent favour accused seen quarrelling face face father
paused slowly figure stiffened side grass deep flower border poirot attention focused hand border full michaelmas daisies dahlias torch directed front bed distinct soft mold footprints murmured poirot going window coming gardener suggested joan mademoiselle employ eyes shoes small dainty high heeled shoes woman mademoiselle diana mentioned garden downstairs mademoiselle joan shook head remember hurry gong thought heard remember room door open past sure mrs roche shut poirot voice harry look sharply poirot merely frowning gently doorway met diana police gave deep sigh request word mademoiselle led morning room poirot shutting door looked surprised question mademoiselle tonight flower border study window yes nodded clock dinner
puzzle club congeries important drawn unimportant purpose common passion wit pleasure short puzzles application invitation membership won applicant submit ordeal puzzle survives test earns automatic admission shortly ellery puzzle club sixth regular member proposed unanimously voted invite president united states apply membership frivolous motion members took puzzles seriously president known mysteries lawful forms club founder member multimillionaire oil buddy buddy occupant white house youthful days texas invitation washington ellery surprise president promptly accepted challenge deference affairs urged designate date ellery arrived park avenue penthouse appointed evening find membership assembled greeted gloomy news president regretted secret service departed brought message crisis middle east caused minute cancellation president flight york asked famous criminal lawyer point wasting puzzle prepared president dr known psychiatrist
curious history related chance railway acquaintance gentleman seventy age gentle face earnest sincere manner imprinted unmistakable stamp truth statement fell lips reverence royal white elephant siam held country sacred kings kings possess measure superior kings receives merely honor worship ago troubles concerning frontier line arose britain siam presently manifest siam wrong reparation quickly british representative stated satisfied past forgotten greatly relieved king siam partly token gratitude partly wipe remaining vestige unpleasantness england feel wished send queen present sole sure enemy according oriental ideas present royal royal wherefore offering meet white elephant position indian civil service deemed peculiarly worthy honor conveying present majesty ship fitted servants officers attendants elephant due arrived york harbor royal charge admirable quarters jersey city
glad orville uncle hosea house gun hand police gotten started pestering ben told fact killed uncle talk sensations court middle uproar saw ben eagerly signaling whispered don ask trial stopped jury understand understood suspicions sake conscience didn want heed knew sure hated ben orville admire bit bit admiration led play ben prosecutor waiting hangdog ask trial stopped orville witness stand ahead story spectacular happened told master started desire uncle money seeped veins drug detail killing jury hypnotized sure job complete wound closing speech reminding needed finding innocent reasonable doubt guilt
olden lived semibarbaric king ideas polished sharpened progressiveness distant latin neighbors large florid untrammelled half barbaric exuberant fancy withal authority irresistible turned varied fancies facts greatly communing agreed thing thing member domestic political systems moved smoothly appointed course nature bland genial hitch orbs orbits blander genial pleased crooked straight crush uneven places borrowed notions barbarism semified public arena exhibitions manly beastly valor minds subjects refined cultured exuberant barbaric fancy asserted arena king built give opportunity hearing rhapsodies dying gladiators enable view inevitable conclusion conflict religious opinions hungry jaws purposes adapted widen develop mental energies vast amphitheatre encircling galleries mysterious vaults unseen passages agent poetic justice crime punished virtue rewarded decrees impartial incorruptible chance
carter watson current magazine arm strolled slowly gazing curiously twenty elapsed street stupefying western city hundred thousand souls contained thirty thousand boy wont ramble streets days street quiet residence street respectable working class quarter late afternoon found submerged vast vicious chinese japanese shops dens abounded confusedly intermingled low white resorts boozing kens quiet street youth toughest quarter city looked watch half past slack region knew curious score wandering studying social conditions carried memory town sweet wholesome place metamorphosis beheld startling certainly continue stroll glimpse infamy town descended thing carter watson keen social civic consciousness independently wealthy loath dissipate energies pink teas freak dinners society actresses race horses kindred diversions left cold ethical bee bonnet reformer mean pretension mainly line contributions heavier reviews publication brightly cleverly written books working classes slum dwellers
looked thing wait till tell south alabama bill driscoll kidnapping idea struck bill afterward expressed moment temporary mental apparition didn find till later town flat flannel cake called summit course contained inhabitants undeleterious satisfied class peasantry clustered maypole bill joint capital hundred dollars needed thousand dollars pull fraudulent town lot scheme western illinois talked front steps hotel philoprogenitiveness says strong semi rural communities reasons kidnapping project radius newspapers send reporters plain clothes stir talk things knew summit couldn stronger constables maybe lackadaisical bloodhounds diatribe weekly farmers budget looked selected victim child prominent citizen named ebenezer dorset father respectable tight mortgage fancier stern upright collection plate passer forecloser kid boy ten bas relief freckles hair color cover magazine buy newsstand want catch train
believe remarkable events fresh mind wish put paper clearly let say outset james clarence withencroft forty perfect health known illness profession artist successful earn money black white satisfy wants relative sister died ago independent breakfasted morning glancing morning paper lighted pipe proceeded let mind wander hope chance subject pencil room door windows open oppressively hot mind coolest comfortable place neighborhood deep end public swimming bath idea began draw intent left lunch untouched stopping clock st jude struck final result hurried sketch felt sure thing showed criminal dock immediately judge pronounced sentence fat enormously fat flesh hung rolls chin creased huge stumpy neck
alan austen nervous kitten dark creaky stairs neighborhood street peered dim landing found wanted written obscurely doors pushed open door told found tiny room contained furniture plain kitchen table rocking chair ordinary chair dirty buff colored walls couple shelves dozen bottles jars sat rocking chair reading newspaper alan word handed card sit austen politely glad acquaintance true asked alan mixture er extraordinary effects dear sir replied stock trade large don deal laxatives teething mixtures varied think sell effects precisely ordinary fact began alan interrupted reaching bottle shelf liquid colorless water tasteless imperceptible coffee milk wine beverage imperceptible known method autopsy mean poison cried alan horrified
evening part middle aged walking homeward village adjoining vale pair legs carried rickety bias gait inclined left straight line occasionally gave smart nod confirmation opinion thinking empty egg basket slung arm nap hat ruffled patch worn brim thumb taking presently met elderly parson astride grey mare rode hummed wandering tune night ee basket night sir john parson pedestrian pace halted turned round sir begging pardon met market road night reply night sir john parson month ago meaning calling sir john times plain jack parson rode step nearer whim moment hesitation account discovery ago whilst hunting pedigrees county history
tess easily dislodge incident consideration spirit dance plenty partners ah speak nicely strange young till rays sun absorbed young stranger retreating figure hill shook temporary sadness answered partner affirmative remained comrades till dusk participated zest dancing heart enjoyed treading measure purely sake divining saw soft torments bitter sweets pleasing pains agreeable distresses girls wooed won capable kind struggles lads hand jig amusement fierce rebuked stayed later incident father odd appearance manner returned girl mind anxious wondering dropped dancers bent steps end village parental cottage lay score yards rhythmic sounds quitted audible sounds knew regular series interior house occasioned violent rocking cradle stone floor movement feminine voice singing vigorous favourite spotted cow
business mainly depended horse disorganized forthwith distress penury loomed distance locally called slack twisted fellow strength times times relied coincide hours requirement unaccustomed regular toil labourer persistent coincide tess dragged parents quagmire silently wondering help mother scheme ups wi downs tess high blood found called moment try friends ye rich mrs living outskirts chase relation claim kin ask help trouble shouldn care says tess lady friendly expect give help win round dear heard heard oppressive sense harm led tess deferential maternal wish understand mother find satisfaction contemplating enterprise doubtful profit
event tess return manor bogus kinsfolk abroad rumour large word space square mile afternoon young girls schoolfellows acquaintances tess called arriving dressed starched ironed visitors person transcendent conquest supposed sat round room looking curiosity fact thirty cousin fallen love gentleman altogether local reputation reckless gallant heart breaker beginning spread boundaries lent tess supposed position higher fascination exercised interest deep younger whispered turned pretty frock set believe cost immense deal gift tess reaching tea things corner cupboard hear commentaries heard soon set friends matter mother heard joan simple vanity denied hope dashing marriage fed sensation dashing felt gratified limited evanescent triumph involve daughter reputation end marriage warmth responsiveness admiration invited visitors stay tea
thyme scented bird hatching morning return silent tess left home packed luggage later started hired trap town pass journey direction opposite adventuring curve nearest hill looked regretfully father house anxious kindred dwelling continue daily lives heretofore diminution pleasure consciousness deprived smile days children engage games merrily sense gap left departure leaving younger children decided remain gain precepts harm pausing onward junction highways await carrier van ran south west railways interior tract country struck waiting farmer spring cart driving approximately direction wished pursue
angel clare rises past altogether distinct figure appreciative voice regard fixed abstracted eyes mobility mouth small delicately lined unexpectedly firm close lower lip inference indecision nebulous preoccupied vague bearing regard marked definite aim concern material future lad tried youngest son father poor parson end county arrived dairy months pupil going round farms object acquire practical skill processes farming view colonies tenure home farm circumstances decide entry ranks breeders step young career anticipated clare elder wife died left daughter married late lady unexpectedly brought sons angel youngest father vicar missing generation boys aforesaid angel child age son university degree single early promise full justice training
till evening family prayers angel found opportunity father subjects heart strung purpose kneeling brothers carpet studying nails heels walking boots service room mother clare left young discussed elder plans attainment position farmer extensive scale england colonies father told put expense sending angel cambridge felt duty set sum money purchase lease land feel unduly slighted worldly wealth goes continued father doubt stand superior brothers clare part led angel onward dearer subject observed father twenty start farming business require eyes head matters domestic labours establishment whilst afield marry
refusal unexpected permanently daunt clare experience women aware negative meant preface affirmative manner present negative lay exception permitted love read additional assurance fully fields pastures sigh gratis means deemed waste love making accepted sweet sake carking anxious homes ambitious girl craving establishment healthy thought passion end tess say positive asked course days started don ask told partly worthy fine lady yes murmured friends scorn mistake father mother brothers don care clasped fingers slipping mean sweet sure restless read play hurry tess want hear warm lips mine choose
dismissed past trod put treads coal smouldering dangerous known disinterested chivalrous protective love women angel clare thought respect absurdly truth spiritual animal hand singularly free cold bright hot byronic love desperately love especially inclined imaginative ethereal fastidious emotion jealously guard loved amazed tess slight experiences till reaction indignation male sex swerved excess honour clare sought company honest faith disguise desire sum instincts matter clearly stated elusive quality sex attracts general distasteful perfect love nature carry suspicion art country custom unreserved comradeship doors betrothal custom knew strangeness oddly clare till saw normal thing common dairy folk regarded
clare thought ill thinking eaten thinking withered thinking scourged pulsating domesticity walked saying chance overheard caused break reserve future hitherto prevailed suppose going live angel asked sunk corners mouth betraying purely mechanical means retained expression chastened calm face despising worse despising mean course live ordinary sense present feel despise let speak plainly difficulties live lives husband nature dead difficulty lies consideration bearing future think children born past matter getting known known uttermost part earth comes goes think wretches flesh blood growing taunt gradually feel full force expanding
weeks marriage clare found descending hill led known parsonage father downward course tower church rose evening sky manner inquiry living person town notice expect arriving ghost sound footsteps rid picture changed known speculatively thought knew practical humanity stood longer pensive sweetness italian art staring ghastly attitudes museum leer study van beers conduct weeks desultory description mechanically attempting pursue agricultural plans unusual happened manner recommended wise ages concluded wise test feasibility counsel chief thing perturbed pagan moralist clare opinion perturbed let heart troubled let afraid clare chimed cordially heart troubled
foregoing events winter let press october months subsequent parting clare tess discover changed conditions bride boxes trunks bore lonely woman basket bundle earlier bride ample means projected husband comfort probationary period produce flattened purse leaving home spring summer stress physical powers mainly spent rendering light irregular service dairy port west valley equally remote native place preferred living allowance mentally remained utter stagnation condition mechanical occupation fostered checked consciousness dairy season presence tender lover confronted moment grasped disappeared shape vision dairy lasted till milk began lessen met regular engagement duty harvest beginning simply remove pasture stubble find plenty occupation continued till harvest
households lively mournful stopping doors wayside inns due menagerie drew bait horses refresh travellers halt tess eyes fell pint blue mug ascending descending air feminine section household sitting summit load drawn distance inn mug journey upward perceived clasped hands owner knew tess marian cried girls sitting moving family house lodged house ridding rough ash notice leaving prosecute chose told tess destination tess told marian leant load lowered voice gentleman follows ee guess mean ask ee didn tell knowing wouldn wish ah tess murmured found going think husband bade acquaintance bye respective carters inn waggons resumed journey opposite directions vehicle whereon sat marian family thrown lot brightly painted drawn powerful horses shining brass ornaments harness mrs family rode creaking erection scarcely bear weight load known paint drawn horses
quarter hour clare leaving house mother watched thin figure disappeared street declined borrow father mare knowing necessity household inn hired trap wait harnessing minutes driving hill town months earlier tess descended hopes ascended shattered purposes lane soon stretched hedges trees purple buds looking things recalled scene sufficiently enable hour half skirted south king estates ascended untoward solitude cross hand unholy stone whereon tess compelled alec whim reformation swear strange oath tempt pale blasted nettle stems preceding lingered nakedly banks young green nettles present spring growing roots verge upland overhanging turning plunged bracing calcareous region ash address written letters supposed place sojourn referred mother
remained night dull sky cleared result caretaker cottage awoke early brilliant sunrise unusually brisk decided open contiguous mansion immediately air occurred arrived opened lower rooms clock ascended bed chambers turn handle lay moment fancied hear breathing persons slippers antiquity rendered progress noiseless instant retreat deeming hearing deceived turned anew door softly tried handle lock order piece furniture moved forward inside prevented opening door inch stream morning light shutter chink fell faces pair profound slumber tess lips parted half opened flower cheek caretaker struck innocent appearance elegance tess gown hanging chair silk stockings pretty parasol habits arrived indignation tramps vagabonds gave momentary sentimentality genteel elopement
ago indian boy lived wigwam edge deep wide forest born mother silver moon father chief gave silver moon big big hearts chief call big grew older big happy thing lonely set look playmate deep wide forest started north feather waving wind chief taught son wonderful things forest big saw frog bird fox didn indian boy playmate night big told silver moon didn find playmate tomorrow look big set south deep wide forest saw wonderful things saw brown bear mole rabbit didn indian boy playmate night big sat close silver moon making small blanket didn find playmate today told tomorrow look running meet big set east deep wide forest
breath looked saw fish moose goose silly water lily big walked home soon telling mother boy seen pool saw silver moon big didn playmate tomorrow find big set northwest deep wide forest trail walked looked dark home chief met wigwam knew lonely son prayed spirit send brother today looking playmate big saw baby sound asleep blanket silver moon making papoose small big summer soon big show wonderful things show frog bird fox bear show mole rabbit ant snail quail fish moose goose silly water lily stopped took deep breath show pool teach hear hum bee buzz fly squeak mouse
turtle rescue written boy named franklin franklin word article told things live canal canal boats things town summer fix canal let water canal dry places pools water places lots turtles left canal knew turtles die canal fixed decided save brothers sister helped find turtles home home terrarium turtles turtles liked swim home plastic pan turtles plastic wading pool put log pool turtles sit put fence part yard rest turtles dug pond inside fence put log pond turtles sit turtles ate hamburger kinds fruit turtles ate fish kinds greens turtles canal fixed taking care turtles lot fun kind turtle snaps moving things
policeman beat moved avenue impressively impressiveness habitual show spectators barely clock night chilly gusts wind taste rain nigh depeopled streets trying doors twirling club intricate artful movements turning cast watchful eye pacific thoroughfare officer stalwart form slight swagger fine picture guardian peace vicinity early hours lights cigar store night lunch counter majority doors belonged business places closed midway block policeman suddenly slowed walk doorway darkened hardware store leaned unlighted cigar mouth policeman walked spoke quickly officer reassuringly waiting friend appointment twenty ago sounds funny explain straight ago restaurant store stands big joe brady restaurant ago policeman torn doorway struck match lit cigar
group townspeople stood station siding kansas town awaiting coming night train twenty minutes overdue snow fallen thick pale starlight line bluffs wide white meadows south town soft smoke colored curves clear sky siding stood foot hands thrust deep trousers pockets overcoats open shoulders screwed cold glanced southeast railroad track wound river shore conversed low tones moved restlessly uncertain expected company looked knew exactly conspicuously walking end platform returning station door pacing track chin sunk high collar overcoat shoulders drooping forward gait heavy dogged presently approached tall spare grizzled clad faded grand army suit shuffled group advanced deference craning neck forward angle jackknife quarters open reckon goin pretty late tonight jim remarked squeaky falsetto pose snow don responded shade annoyance speaking astonishing cataract red beard grew fiercely thickly directions
letters swimming eyes understand palm coffin meant town remained forever buried postal guide mentioned connection harvey remembered master death congestion lungs shut probability recovery sculptor asked pupil send body home pleasant place lying moving bettering feeble smile place end townspeople look say shan fear judgment god cattleman took comment forty young cash hang pretty helped whisky mother lived harvey robust constitution minister mildly liked say boy sunday school teacher fond felt position speak sons turned badly trip home express car shot gambling house black hills
summer evening left mark memory young woman looked sensibly stupidly spent walked town country road stopped fence field young corn george coat let hang arm stayed winesburg yes growing reading books thinking going try amount explained point quit talking confused boy put hand girl arm voice trembled started walk road town desperation george boasted going big biggest lived winesburg declared want don business want try women point business tell want beautiful woman want boy voice failed silence town street helen white house gate tried say impressive speeches thought head utterly pointless thought think mind marry seth richmond
moved country walking village carrying basket groceries twenty yard coil rope meet wiping hands green smock hair tumbled nose scarlet sunburn told looked born country woman gray flannel shirt stuck heavy shoes dusty assured looked rural character play brought coffee waiting coffee forgot ordered store gosh lord yes killed thought reminded didn drink coffee remember quick suppose ran cigarettes saw rope thought hang clothes naturally asked thought going run laundry fifty foot line hanging eyes noticed blot landscape thought lot things rope handy wanted instance thought seconds occurred
thank adore don want dance don want dance wouldn ten seen dances looks st night think quarter hour ago sitting feeling sorry poor girl dancing going poor girl small peach true events unpredictable minding business stitch harm living soul comes smiles city manners sue favor memorable scarcely knows let stands stands despair bewilderment futility degradation premeditated murder wot don wot haven idea guess look eyes dear brother heads ah low requests let lead ask left quiet corner table evening brooding sorrows
strange afterward regret night looking perspective ten fact judy flare endured month importance matter yielding subjected deeper agony end gave hurt irene irene parents befriended sufficiently pictorial irene grief stamp mind dexter bottom hard minded attitude city action importance going leave city attitude situation superficial completely indifferent popular opinion seen possess power move fundamentally hold judy jones bear malice loved love loving tasted deep pain reserved strong tasted deep happiness ultimate falsity grounds judy terminated engagement want irene judy wanted revolt revulsion amusement
passed dark bulk cotton gin saw lamplit house car doctor coupe stopping gate hear hound baying deputy marshal car younger stranger draft investigator doctor schofield marshal lee asked send telephoned coming mean warned investigator telephoned ahead coming warrant carry orders united states government marshal lean clean chewed tobacco born lived county understood wanted arrest boys bring town investigator warned chance run possibly put government expense hunting troops forgotten bond forgot marshal left jefferson trying tell forget reckon impress pull car try find sick sick investigator drew car switched blacked lights
money young fellow says government wants pay planting aiming money buddy says try government give want twenty bales orphan cotton yonder gin room gin gin boys grew agricultural college learn cattle rest curious folks living rest full pretty neon lights burning night easy quick money scattering grab shiny automobile wore delivered paid fine loud snatch aaa wpa dozen letter reasons draft comes curious folks signing jackson paper signed regular town
fifteen miles monterey wild coast torres family farm sloping acres cliff dropped brown reefs hissing white waters ocean farm stone mountains stood sky farm buildings huddled clinging aphids mountain skirts crouched low ground wind blow sea shack rattling rotting barn grey bitten sea salt beaten damp wind color granite hills horses red cow red calf half dozen pigs flock lean colored chickens stocked place corn raised sterile slope grew short thick wind cobs formed landward sides stalks mama torres lean dry woman ancient eyes ruled farm ten husband tripped stone field fell full length rattlesnake bitten chest mama torres children undersized black twelve fourteen emilio rosy mama fishing rocks farm sea kind truant officer distant part monterey county pepe tall smiling son nineteen gentle affectionate boy lazy
dawn rode hill canyon let trail mountains moonlight daylight fought warring qualities difficult pepe hundred yards outlines figure misty entered canyon grey indefinite shadow mama stood stiffly front doorstep side stood emilio rosy cast furtive glances mama grey shape pepe melted hillside disappeared mama relaxed began high whining keen death wail beautiful brave cried protector son emilio rosy moaned beautiful brave formal wail rose high piercing whine subsided moan mama raised times turned house shut door emilio rosy stood wondering dawn heard mama whimpering house sit cliff ocean touched shoulders pepe emilio asked night rosy night monterey ocean clouds turned red sun mountains breakfast emilio mama want cook rosy answer pepe asked
moon showed jagged ridge top ahead moonlight pepe traveled easily bent forward throbbing arm hung body journey uphill dashes rests frantic rush yards rest wind coasted slope rattling dry stems bushes moon meridian pepe sharp backbone ridge top hundred yards rise soil clung wearing winds solid rock clambered top looked side draw misty moonlight brushed dry struggling sage chaparral side hill rose sharply top jagged rotten teeth mountain showed sky bottom cut brush thick dark pepe stumbled hill throat closed thirst tried run immediately fell rolled carefully moon disappearing mountains bottom crawled heavy brush feeling fingers water water bed stream damp earth pepe laid gun scooped handful mud put mouth spluttered scraped earth tongue finger mud drew mouth
week kindergarten charles institution family baby charles cried afternoon laurie charles filled wagon full mud pulled kitchen husband caught elbow telephone cord pulled telephone ash tray bowl flowers table minute looks charles fourth weeks looked reformation charles laurie reported grimly lunch thursday week charles today teacher gave apple husband added warily mean charles charles laurie gave crayons picked books afterward teacher helper happened asked incredulously helper laurie shrugged true charles asked husband night happen wait husband cynically charles deal mean plotting wrong week charles teacher helper handed things picked things stay school meeting week told husband evening going find charles mother ask happened charles husband
lou emerald schwartz whispering balcony lou family apartment seventy sixth floor building alden village york housing development covered known southern connecticut lou emerald married em parents tearfully marriage december lou hundred twelve em ninety em parents admit match worked em lou troubles air balcony mad feel diluting em nature em lou murder caught tinkering bust neck hundred seventy mean gramps strong bull nature em knows nature anymore don guess bring dilute gosh lou body help thinking gramps going leave help golly re crowded person turn dying baby melissa thirty stamped feet sick seeing wrinkled face watching private room chair food getting pick watch tv running changing
yeah morty sure pretty tough heart bleeds try hall real kick silence shouted willy imperiously person opens mouth spends months bathroom clear room want think vase shattered wall inches head moment free underway couple battling eject couple room fighting coalitions formed dissolved lightning tactical situation em lou thrown hall organized situation stormed room hours struggle decision sight cops broke half hour patrol wagons ambulances hauled schwartzes apartment spacious hour later films stages riot televised delighted viewers eastern seaboard stillness room schwartz apartment floor building television set left air filled cries grunts crashes fray coming harmlessly loudspeaker battle appeared screen television set police station schwartzes captors watched professional interest em lou adjacent cells stretched peacefully cots
south arctic land generous heavy forests run southeastern canada england south woodlands dozens tribes flourished groups tribes spoke similar languages dominated region indians speaking algonquian group scattered southern canada lakes area atlantic coast virginia algonquian organized tribes names mark american geography huron narragansett delaware strong powhatan tribes virginia northern southern algonquian tribes separated powerful iroquois lived york area iroquois southern relatives cherokee farthest south gulf coast lived tribes speaking creek choctaw seminole thick woodlands tribes lived hunting fishing gathering wild foods trading raised crops creating farmland forest burning trees underbrush eastern tribes lived villages protected log stockades shelters varied according region northeastern elaborate built iroquois algonquian sturdy wood framed structures housed families iroquois algonquian warred iroquois tribes mohawk oneida onondaga cayuga seneca dominated land hudson river lake erie tribes war algonquian according legend prophet joined mohawk leader hiawatha urge unity iroquois
settlement england brought english indians frequent anxious contact settlers pushed connecticut valley early entered lands tribe situation quickly grew tense series skirmishes decisive battle english launched attack heart nation connecticut coast hundreds died fire musket shot survivors fled english trapped haven killed war convinced colonists needed organization coordinate protection england formed england confederation representatives massachusetts plymouth connecticut haven confederation commissioners power declare war settle squabbles member colonies conflicts arose wampanoag tribe wampanoag lived peacefully alongside england settlers chief massasoit tribe shared pilgrims thanksgiving feast helped survive hard signed treaty friendship friendly feelings disappeared massasoit son chief called king philip colonists feared english crowd wampanoag homeland began approach narragansett neighboring tribes talked alliance english june warriors arrested english charged murder christian indian
westward movement settlers british colonies inched appalachian mountains land speculators willing financial risk hope making huge profit saw opportunity group virginia speculators formed ohio company gain ownership land west later obtained royal grant huge amount land ohio river valley land companies obtained additional grants ohio area planned sell land settlers moving west french claimed ohio valley planned build line forts connect french canada louisiana alarmed british plans french hurriedly troops region support french claims french warned indians region english trying rob country precisely tribes feared war king philip war indians fought halt english settlement lost tribes hoped appalachians prove strong barrier stop tide land hungry settlers french english established ohio valley french began building chain forts english colonists began worry urged iroquois action french despite claims valley iroquois stayed neutral don christians english french intend complained
united states began war string defeats land westerners eager conquer canada declaring simply matter marching british controlled lakes late summer fall american troops launched pronged attack canada west general william hull marched detroit upper canada decided british strong returned detroit days later british hull surrendered detroit fight left british control lake erie michigan country prong attack general stephen van rensselaer crossed niagara river seize canadian village york militia refused follow army river invasion failed soon general henry dearborn led large force lake champlain montreal militia refused cross border army returned base accomplishing seas united states triumphed privateers british trade ships brilliant battles small american navy captured british ships united states navy match large british fleet britain tightly blockaded american coast island georgia stopped overseas trade trade states depended coastal water routes september united states finally success canadian campaign captain oliver perry ordered prepare battle lake erie ships
andrew jackson demanded frank opinions advisors precisely think admirers jackson strong called hickory enemies call king andrew jackson executive office president defying tradition rarely met cabinet relied handful unofficial advisors critics jackson called kitchen cabinet jackson removed percent government officeholders filled jobs supporters senator william marcy york defended action victor declared belong spoils enemy critics promptly called practice spoils system jackson believed intelligent citizen fit hold public office argued rotation office involved government jackson took offensive indians south americans pushed westward indian tribes path generally retreated driven resettle plains tribes cherokee creek choctaw seminole clung ancestral lands southeast indians known civilized tribes accepted teachings white missionaries setting schools christian churches plantations cherokee sequoyah developed alphabet tribe write preserve history sequoyah alphabet cherokee published books newspapers whites tribes barrier expansion valuable farmland southeast indian hands settlers pressed governments
clearly tyler knack foreign affairs critical point canadian boundary talks stepped smooth bargaining tyler main interest texas jackson van buren rejected annexation united states texas began talks despite mexican warnings annexation mean war april tyler treaty present senate approval senate cautious annexation texas sensitive subject issue slave states free states tyler dismay secretary john calhoun played issue calhoun insisted texas annexed assure survival slavery northern senators convinced southern plot create slave states outraged senators believed henry clay annexation war mexico identical senate debated political parties met choose presidential candidates election whigs turned tyler opposed policies unanimously chose henry clay clay opposed annexation texas mexico consent abolitionist liberty party ran james candidate party mention texas denounced spread slavery late democrats gathered baltimore president martin van buren leading candidate opposed texas treaty danger war mexico stand angered southern western democrats van buren gain majority convention deadlocked
shocked killing country began support reformers demands doubted chester arthur garfield successor act lack experience part york customs house scandal poor background reformer arthur begun career abolitionist lawyer york civil war york quartermaster general charge supplying union troops head customs house known administrator faithful machine politician president arthur shocked party machine soon recommended civil service reform congress ignore public outcry reform january passed civil service reform act known pendleton act act stated government jobs classified civil service positions filled merit system civil service commission established purpose find qualified give competitive examinations determine merit worth passed tests appointed classified jobs act protected qualified officeholders fired failing support party power originally percent federal offices filled merit system act allowed presidents increase number classified jobs fifteen half federal employees included arthur efforts reform angered republicans worked hard republican nomination arthur chosen party candidate convention
measure industry vigor increased number inventions inventions took tasks hand water driven machines early spun thread wove cloth sewing machines factories turn cloth ready clothes machines plowed sowed seed harvested threshed wheat vast american prairies machines drilled wells oil gas water deep earth machines molded metal cooking pots printed newspapers milled locomotive parts added subtracted figures machine type letters humorist mark twain tried typewriting machine wrote lean chair piles awful stack words page muss things scatter ink invention affected americans lived including farmers longer sufficient relied factories clothing tools household goods bought manufactured goods production increased prices dropped items market american industry boomed industry boomed business grew larger business leaders important civil war american businesses run single owners called proprietors partners industry expanded businesses needed capital labor equipment owners began form corporations corporation ideal framework build large business corporate owners sell shares stock hundreds investors part business share profits
united states settling western frontier industrial nations europe engaged race gain ownership control lands twenty europe established colonies africa colonies established asia pacific islands economic competition powers grew intense americans urged united states seek territory voices failed arouse interest acquiring territory eventually voices grew number clamor territorial growth united states earliest americans acquire territory nation william seward secretary presidents lincoln johnson seward efforts resulted planting american flag icy north million purchased alaska russia russia found alaska unprofitable seward thought area potential americans interested acquiring lands united states britain france belgium netherlands follow policies imperialism building empires conquering countries establishing colonies americans part colonial empire fought war independence americans vast open territories nation reason look outward american frontier remained unsettled americans beginning talk closing frontier huge amounts open land availability land shrinking
forbes soon veterans hospitals construction pocketed large portion bureau annual budget illegal deals sold needed hospital supplies private businesses return share price scandal eventually light forbes prison harding shocked betrayal trusted friends warned friends abuse trust replied won cheat harding appointed ohio friends offices white house physician head federal reserve longtime friend adviser harry daugherty attorney general daugherty sold justice department favors worst scandal involved secretary interior albert fall senate colleague harding fall persuaded secretary navy transfer department interior control oil fields fields held navy reserve supply fuel fall leased reserve california elk hills edward teapot dome wyoming harry sinclair return fall received stocks liberty bonds cash fall started spending freely suspicious senators launched investigation late congress public teapot dome scandal fall eventually convicted bribery conspiracy cabinet officer united states history jail harding spared full details disgrace upset rumors corruption left washington speaking tour summer
starting burst energy deal faltered summer economy stopped improving million percent force remained unemployed established deal programs powerless produce quick recovery june roosevelt announced seek sweeping legislation congress objective security women children nation voters approved roosevelt goal congressional elections november strengthened democratic majority congress congress met january roosevelt outlined vast program relief reform months congress enacted variety laws called deal april congress passed emergency relief appropriation act allowed roosevelt set works progress administration wpa offer relief able unemployed americans harry hopkins appointed head wpa hopkins launched massive relief campaign march wpa employing nearly million built roads playgrounds schools airports hospitals hopkins found writers artists eat writers working wpa prepared guidebooks states cities artists painted murals government buildings actors presented plays local parks theaters actors part wpa federal theatre project led hallie hopkins warned pressures wpa spending
europe asia nations grimly disarmament peace treaties trampled underfoot league nations paralyzed united states looked fear amazement seas quickly looked america war senator asked warned precarious condition bad temper dictator diplomat crime fanatic let loose irremediable disaster americans tried figure nation drawn war business magazine fortune published article blaming war weapons manufacturers aims claimed magazine prolong war disturb peace april senate set committee investigate armaments industry isolationist senator gerald nye north dakota headed investigation months committee investigated wartime activities weapons makers bankers loaned allies money conclusion arms merchants bankers reaped enormous profits selling arms providing loans allies united states entered war charged committee money americans agreed nye committee evidence open question charges especially easy accept depression bankers unpopular cry find dragging nation war
foreign policy reagan major goal counter power soviet union worked strengthen america ties allies form alliances communist nations reversal carter foreign policy reagan favored ties communist nations poor records human rights key soviet union reagan felt buildup united states military strength winning huge budget increases department defense announced plans acquire powerful missiles range bombers additional nuclear warheads americans supported strong defense military buildup strengthened growing antinuclear movement europe united states leaders antinuclear movement called freeze restriction building atomic weapons united states soviet union nuclear freeze resolutions passed town meetings city councils legislatures nation critics freeze resolutions claimed soviets stronger nuclear arsenal freeze preserve soviet advantage freezing hands throat member congress declared side offensive weapons destroy admiral hyman rickover built navy nuclear fleet called cuts budget department defense difference nuclear submarines asked sink oceans times number russians
spring millions americans ushered decade celebrating earth marched banners protesting pollution picked trash planted trees joined projects save earth goal focus national attention environmental problems spring americans ushered decade waiting lines gasoline stations panicked gasoline shortage drivers rushed fill automobile tanks oil expensive scarce product spring issues energy environment clashed environmental decade conference ten delegates felt conservation emphasis order pursue energy development question ushered americans fill automobile tanks save earth chuck stone tried answer question creating experimental car car fuel believes liberate united states dependence foreign oil gasoline stone car runs methanol commonly known wood alcohol supplies methanol limited stone convinced future fuel america methanol coal wood vegetation garbage manure stone sells car customers considerably price gasoline makes profit mileage ratings methanol gasoline low price cuts driving costs
united states government conducted census summer census takers set horseback count scattered american population count took months government learned million lived nation learned free slaves extent census census americans filled questionnaires questions avalanche data fed census bureau computers government found million lived nation census reported education employment income kind homes number televisions home major focus census nature population saw dramatic population shifts percentage hispanics asians blacks indians population surged census looked age number declined number sharply increased nearly change separate today million americans unlike million earlier age faith future young salesperson built successful career selling health care products stores worked distributor los california lately thinking striking knew sell health products steps involved setting business
weeks captivity party plans revolt escape engaged arguing boer authorities release press correspondent replied forfeited status part armored train fight contended fired shot unarmed strictly true natal newspapers captured boers contained glowing accounts activities attributed escape engine wounded entirely general intimated fired shot injured boer operations freeing engine treated prisoner war soon learned decision week december resolved escape prison stood midst surrounded sides iron corrugated iron fence ten feet high boundaries offered obstacle possessed activity youth fact guarded inside sentries fifty yards armed rifle revolver nigh insuperable barrier walls hard pierce living walls anxious reflection continual watching discovered prisoners sentries eastern side walked beats moments unable top yards wall small circular office
round boulder sinking tide sloughed implication urgency days moved imperceptibly news items dyer read meaningless blurred martian insulated shocks running distant economies advance base geared laws getting morning say today change sheet today fill stove tank night settling earnest month sun sunk horizon noon twilight dwindling mere chink darkness lit cold reddish glow days wind brooded north east barrier vast stagnant shadow surmounted swollen masses clouds layer darkness piled top polar night morbid countenance ice age moved visible soul hear distant creaking weight settling deepening darkness cold took usual walk temperature canvas boots failed protect feet heel nipped forced return hut change reindeer
mrs delahanty door crescent room remind set table supper fine saturday afternoon november ordinarily cress hills friends helping father irrigation afternoon cress spent room spite clear warm weather mrs delahanty examined daughter stubby boyish profile outlined golden light west windows considerable curiosity writing cress cress looked sheets paper spread drop leaf rickety bamboo desk bought summer exactly writing mother making list traits traits mrs delahanty asked bad traits cress explained school mean personal traits mrs delahanty asked kind cress replied mrs delahanty wondered anew list kind grocery list pushed john bigger thought words disappointing restricting picnic summed remember citronella kleenex band aid trip city drained half promise list headed articles needed en route clearly classes magnified enriched words find beautiful living knowing sheet paper
moccasins mine wore fitted bit tight don touch leather dry stitching rotted hanging look close craftsmanship re nez perce moccasins notice design worked leather faint don nez perce leather professor studied things told design means re chief ceremonial appearances sort dress footwear chief design moccasins yes re small boy size boy re chief moccasins proud mind red skin copper closer color muddy copper saw miles ten maybe eleven maybe twelve neighborhood exactly place late seventies funny definite things dates places slip stray things felt times wild strawberries tasted remain clear sharp mind
forty minutes bus center prague airport scattered rows suburban apartment houses freckled bullet holes dating liberation fine white film hangars runways morning town snow disintegrated dirty gray slush waiter breath stood large glass window airport restaurant staring field restaurant unheated papers coal spared restaurants bars places entertainment wonder coal goes thought dully wearily didn wonder knew exactly couldn thing curse privacy mind short stocky middle aged roughly chiseled slav face soft tired eyes cuffs white shirt frayed spots goulash potato soup silk lapels waiter couldn cleaning fluid fond spots reminded days airport restaurant served wonderful soup beef goulash plum dumplings covered melted brown butter sugar poppy seed melted butter grated hoop cheese preferred
open place river swings hill sudden caprice turns sweeps valley curve perfect arc half drawn bow encloses nearly mile pasture gentle place oasis flatness steep hills river master river strong douglas crossed road steep bank walked river open ground felt full force gale swept valley west plucking tattered leaves dangled trees carrying high sky cold earth hidden dead brilliance snow air wonderfully exhilarating call spring single call sound loud die days sign told birds trees soon beginning valley snow nearly patches lie wet slush soaking earth softening charging riverbank turned upstream leaning hurrying air feeling part triple unity land sky water lived september small house watching learning searching words tell lonely story valley
wartime lots coming north jobs factories war industries moved lot kids thrown groups lives completely known remember kid south family moved building north owned piled seat model sedan wouldn expect trip younger sisters riding shakily top load junk building families crowded rooms guess twenty thirty kids age building course formed gang ran school brought started thing building door factory walking dolls low building flat tarred roof parapet head high found watchman paid attention roof higher buildings gang roof headquarters crossing fire escape roof plank going
dollar eighty cents sixty cents pennies pennies saved bulldozing grocer vegetable butcher cheeks burned silent imputation close dealing implied times della counted dollar eighty cents christmas clearly flop shabby couch howl della moral reflection sobs sniffles smiles sniffles predominating mistress home gradually stage look home furnished flat dollars week exactly beggar description certainly word lookout squad vestibule letter box letter electric button mortal finger coax ring card bearing james dillingham young dillingham flung breeze period prosperity possessor paid thirty dollars week income shrunk twenty dollars letters dillingham looked blurred thinking seriously contracting modest unassuming james dillingham young home reached flat called jim greatly hugged mrs james dillingham young introduced della
today distant past especially centuries invention writing answer science archeology number techniques ancient remains humans artifacts things humans scientists pay special attention surroundings found general lower archeological dig older crudely older human remains found bones animal extinct ago remains archeological technique radiocarbon dating living thing plant animal rays known rate thousands death measuring rays special machine archeologists estimate object age archeologists detectives informed guesses clues find dig mortar grinding grain safe guess knew farm ancient site yields bit amber hundreds miles inhabitants traders burials artifacts give deal information especially true egyptians egypt dry climate preserved cloth wood thousands course egypt later civilizations archeologists written symbols guide
western civilization concerned greeks invented philosophy rational search truths underlying existence fact term comes greek means love wisdom greek thinkers searched answers fundamental questions nature behave attempt answer question greek philosophers laid foundations modern scientific thought considering question developed social political ethical ideas western civilization rests thales lived sixth century earliest known philosopher inquire nature universe believed formed common substance water century democritus stated universe tiny visible particles called atoms paved modern atomic theory pythagoras believed things universe explained expressed terms mathematics idea important contribution research physics hippocrates separated medicine superstition basing observation scientific reasoning physicians oath called hippocratic oath swear serve humanity abilities socrates philosopher inquired social political problems believed find truth ask questions form opinions accept say
gifted politician influential family julius caesar accomplished public speaker bought popular support spending large amounts money free entertainment pompey caesar wanted sole ruler rome strong seize power formed alliance rule rome called triumvirate triumvirate group caesar accomplished general led army gaul territory northwest italy present france belgium frontier conquered gaul pushed germany rhine river landings britain meantime died pompey caesar divided rule caesar fighting gaul pompey support senate tried complete control rome pompey ordered caesar disband army return home caesar home army result civil war caesar pompey caesar won pompey killed later caesar assumed title dictator dictator ruler complete control affairs nation rome republican form government caesar king caesar authority institute reforms granted roman citizenship living conquered provinces reformed practices roman provincial governments
early thirteenth century chieftain central asia named united neighboring peoples leadership tribe known mongols tartars acquired title genghis khan universal emperor death mongols invaded northern china southern russia eastern persia later mongol emperors continued policy conquest kublai khan grandson genghis khan ruled mongols controlled lands pacific ocean mesopotamia europe mongol empire included present china korea southeast asia afghanistan iran soviet union iraq turkey pakistan large empire amazing thing mongols conquests armies totaled soldiers keys success skill fighting surpass mongols talents bow spear sword superb horsemanship left land mongols fought battles perfect hard hitting cavalry assaults reason mongols success reputation cruelty victims frightened chose surrender provoke mongols anger fighting mongol empire free part thirteenth century mongols tolerated religions encouraged trade inside empire
renaissance noted beautiful works art period introduced homely invention soon reshaped western printing press read monks produced medieval books painstakingly copying hand manuscripts created handsome painted decorations illustrations expensive mainly churches wealthy patrons nobility rise universities twelfth thirteenth centuries growing demand textbooks stationers university towns stock copied lent students copying library hundred books considered large volumes chained shelves components printing known europe fifteenth century paper introduced east presses making wine olive oil block printing utilizing piece wood words pictures carved employed making playing cards religious posters key invention printing movable type individual letters reassembled east chinese characters numerous practical movable type invented independently europe johannes gutenberg early fifteenth century precise records lacking rate gutenberg lived mainz produced bible
expect religious upheavals sixteenth century effects political europe war continuously differing religious beliefs prompted conflicts factors continuing development nation states pitted peoples sought promote national interests factor growth trade nations competing markets commerce industry expanded nations money finance costly wars heart international politics period concept balance power basic purpose balance power nation group nations strong dominate europe stability endangered powerful national interest nations felt threatened unite temporarily form counterforce point remember powers europe sixteenth early seventeenth centuries nations sense term today dynastic states conduct nation determined largely personal ambitions ruling family dynastic ruler fought achieve balance power consult ruled armies generally mercenaries hired soldiers common speak french defeated spanish reality battles fought armies king paid monarch personally
period significant history western music era commonly divided shorter baroque period classical period change took place music occurred florence group italian poets artists met discuss classical drama thought actors ancient greece rome sung roles spoken musical accompaniment wanted write music set words sixteenth century music elaborate style writing generally words secondary frequently unintelligible leading spokesman let word master servant music words masters servants clearly understood led emphasis solos voices instruments course emphasis communication gave listener importance spirit renaissance individualism expressed art literature expressed music baroque music meant emphasis words solos musical forms opera union drama music operas claudio monteverdi produced composer orchestra create dramatic mood solo voices acted ancient greek myth poet orpheus beloved wife eurydice
louis xvi tried persuade estates agree taxed refused urged king call meeting estates general thought dominate privileges appearing abide popular rule estates general met estates elected number representatives met voted separate group clergy nobility unite defeat estate vote decided estate number representatives estates combined amounted delegates estate method meeting voting left undecided elections representatives nobility chosen direct vote clergy chosen direct indirect vote parish priests numerous able elect majority delegates representing clergy delegates estate chosen electors turn chosen taxpaying males twenty older delegates estate ranks noblemen representatives half lawyers lower classes estate represented delegates estates read influenced philosophes
napoleon italy visited shrine iron crown lombardy worn charlemagne according story napoleon crown head god gave warned dares touch beware napoleon suffered consequences warning ten won lost empire peace france england short lived british distrusted napoleon intervention foreign countries especially netherlands pointed pistol heart britain england declared war france early napoleon prepared invasion england massed army french coast flatboats ready transport soldiers english channel spring sold louisiana territory united states million money military preparations napoleon invasion england took place solve problems involved naval invasion operation diversion british troops occupied soil rate napoleon soon diversions coalition formed consisted england austria russia sweden spain allied france fall napoleon moved troops eastward attacked austrian forces german city austrians caught surprise surrendered entire force october
nationalism increasingly strong force irish nineteenth century ireland politically tied england united kingdom ireland represented parliament trade flowed freely countries political representation meant parliament dominated english land ireland owned absentee english landlords irish desperately poor living tenant farmers relying diet consisting largely potatoes duke wellington reared ireland country poverty existed extent exists ireland matters worse england ireland divided religion irish remained catholic discriminated religion required contribute support anglican church irish nationalists agitated constantly home rule independence dramatized tragic events blight destroyed ireland potato crop thing happened result famine died starvation disease witness wrote entered hovels ascertain scenes presented tongue pen convey slightest idea famished ghastly skeletons appearances dead huddled corner filthy straw sole covering ragged wretched legs hanging naked knees
lost hoping napoleon establish military dictatorship looked prayers answered form general georges general strikingly handsome rode dashing black horse parisian military parades minister war added popularity introducing series reforms help common soldier called war revenge germany appeal essentially foolish french armies slightest chance winning struck sympathetic chord hearts french looked launch coup sweep power bring republic thoughts heard french parliament planning arrest fled country republic shaken ten panama company headed ferdinand de lesseps builder suez canal digging canal isthmus panama thousands investors purchased company stock impressed de lesseps reputation felt water passage linking atlantic pacific oceans profitable unfortunately canal site project difficult costly imagined panama company bankrupt investigations revealed government leaders known company difficulties accepted bribes quiet
europe height enormous strides realm science scientific discoveries age suggested europeans scientific explanation scientific knowledge undermine europeans lived centuries industrial revolution philosophers aristotle believed water air earth fire basic elements matter centuries later arabs concluded matter basic principles sulfur mercury salt later study matter scientific endeavor scientists eagerly studying material readily efforts learn matter robert boyle irish investigator remembered especially studies air yielded important information behavior gases boyle investigated nature burning showed substance gold broken water air earth fire mercury salt sulfur boyle published theory elements substances simple broken substances hundred later joseph priestley english amateur chemist collected gas formed breakdown red powder gas named oxygen french chemist antoine lavoisier proved makes air breathe air element
allied leaders began discussing postwar settlements early war decisions openly secretly determine course european history ways foreseen meeting roosevelt churchill took place august board battleship coast newfoundland issued statement atlantic charter wilson fourteen points spirit supported sovereign rights determination peoples deprived advocated freedom trade disarmament international cooperation roosevelt churchill diplomats russia china met washington signed declaration united nations official term supporting atlantic charter eventually forty nations signed declaration meetings concerned primarily military political issues casablanca january roosevelt churchill pledged fight war axis powers surrendered unconditionally conferences held november cairo dealt chiefly east asia roosevelt churchill generalissimo chiang china declared things japan stripped territory acquired meeting teheran immediately afterward big conference attended stalin roosevelt churchill discussed plans invasion france guaranteeing independence iran important wartime conferences took place russian resort town yalta black sea february
europe attained measure stability generally prosperous issues plagued peoples resolved foreseeable future standing discord france germany ended west germany east germany officially recognized separate nations joined united nations wing dictatorships end portugal spain death franco complacency europe industrialized society general deal number concerns potentially dangerous countries western europe output goods services increased percent employment high capital investment industries machines reached record levels period saw rapid growth multinational corporations large companies operations country including royal dutch shell group renault nestle headquarters europe run americans exxon ford japanese nippon steel europe wealth unevenly distributed highly industrialized countries north south mid average personal earnings portugal switzerland northern regions drew labor guest workers spain portugal southern italy greece european economic boom reached peak
artists twentieth century eager predecessors discard tradition try unusual ways things especially true painting architects created styles war group german north european artists created movement called expressionism basic belief truth actually realists impressionists argued feel expressionists feel intensely despair violent colors distorted human forms express characteristic painting cry norwegian artist munch shows individual grip nameless terror group artists insanity war proved pointless look order assembled photographs nonsensical collections objects snippets books magazines gave incongruous titles called movement dada plucked chance dictionary marcel france major figure created sensation painting entitled nude descending staircase truth nude series silhouettes arranged suggest figure motion dada dreamlike quality jumbled images words movement related attempted render dreams unconscious states surrealism meaning realism surrealists painted mysterious fantastic scenes occur imagination
pharaoh absolute ruler worshipped gods earthly representative laws maintained courts waged war collected taxes constructed irrigation canals public buildings written records owned land pharaoh assisted nobles served advisers local governors tax collectors military commanders priests gave advice managed temples maintained schools conducted religious matters privileged aristocracy consisted pharaoh royal family nobles priests dominant classes lived masses included women children freemen scribes public writers city merchants skilled workers artisans peasants worked farms slaves manual laborers dug irrigation ditches built temples classes participate government freemen enjoyed wealth comfort peasants slaves suffered hardship poverty egyptians depended chiefly agriculture plowed land oxen crude wooden plowshares grew wheat barley flax raised sheep cattle cities developed industries construction glassblowing metalworking cloth weaving pottery engaged foreign trade exporting glassware linen cloth clay vases importing ivory spices timber copper support pharaoh government egyptians paid heavy taxes labor products egyptians worshipped gods belief gods called chief gods egyptians re sun god amen god thebes osiris judge dead
individuals attain happiness philosopher lao taught governments minimize controls laws improve conditions permitted conduct affairs individuals passively accept lot achieve peace mind practicing humility wealth prestige live simple manner harmony tao nature centuries later lao teachings distorted magic combined ideas personal immortality part polytheistic religion taoism improve society achieve government philosopher confucius formulated code ethical conduct taught individuals guided virtues careful observance ancient traditions reverence learning cherishing honesty devotion parents family friends obedience rule want lao advocated passive individuals urged government confucius urged individuals participate forcefully society recommended vigorous government action believed ruler practiced confucian virtues govern influential parental force unlike oriental philosophies confucianism emphasis confucianism evolved original stress tradition ancestor worship confucianism dominated chinese daily politics confucian writings served official school textbooks emphasizing tradition ancestor worship confucianism stabilized society retarded progress chinese believe illogical live according principles philosophies
greek colonies southern italy rome sought control western mediterranean trade chief rival located mediterranean northern africa city carthage originally phoenician colony carthage powerful commercial empire rome defeated carthage punic phoenician wars gained mastery western mediterranean fighting chiefly island sicily mediterranean sea rome citizen soldiers eventually defeated carthage mercenaries hired foreign soldiers rome annexed sicily sardinia corsica sides prepared renew struggle carthage acquired part spain recruited spanish troops rome consolidated position italy conquering gauls extending rule northward po river alps hannibal carthage general led army spain alps italy won numerous victories climaxed battle cannae unable seize city rome gradually tide battle turned favor rome romans destroyed carthaginian army reinforce hannibal conquered spain finally invaded north africa hannibal withdrew army italy defend carthage battle defeated rome annexed carthage spanish provinces reduced carthage rate power reasons rome victory superior wealth military power loyalty allies rise capable generals notably fabius scipio fabius called commit troops decisive battle italy
renaissance arose italian cities center roman culture italy contained sculpture buildings roads manuscripts excited curiosity classical civilization located mediterranean italy absorbed stimulating ideas advanced byzantine moslem worlds benefiting revival trade resulted crusades italy wealthy influential patrons supporters literature art science leading renaissance patrons popes rome wealthy merchants venice family milan medici family florence florence considered outstanding city italian renaissance century city rule medici originally merchant family amassed fortune wool trade expanded banking medici especially lorenzo magnificent ruled outstanding patrons renaissance art florence residents achieved fame renaissance painters sculptors architects writers virtue artistic leadership patronage florence attracted talent italy city acquired priceless works art florence today attracts tourists eager view churches palaces libraries renaissance treasures century renaissance ideas began spread italy france german states holland england cultural diffusion resulted religious military commercial contacts northern scholars traveled italy absorb italian art learning humanism literary movement began century italy typified renaissance spirit
century france inhabited gauls france conquered romans julius caesar century france ruled romans century france settled germanic tribes notably burgundians franks centuries northwestern france invaded settled groups norse territory known normandy centuries france ruled pepin charlemagne descendants carolingian family hugh capet french lord elected throne controlled feudal domain paris authority france negated powerful feudal nobles capetian kings struggled weaken nobles expand royal territories build strong central government outstanding capetian kings philip augustus ruled seized normandy provinces feudal lord king john england philip fair ruled taxed clergy forced catholic church babylonian captivity pages joan arc teenaged peasant lorraine declared divine voices directed save france english conquest king charles vii joan demanded received command army faith courage inspired french soldiers immediately ended english siege city orleans eventually drove english france joan captured english condemned witch clerical court burned stake
parliament secretly offered english crown william protestant ruler holland wife mary protestant daughter james ii accepted william arrived england james fled country parliament declared throne vacant proclaimed william mary king queen bloodless revolution parliament finally ended divine england reaffirmed supremacy monarch part glorious revolution parliament passed laws bill rights provided monarch suspend laws levy taxes maintain army consent parliament monarch interfere parliamentary elections debates parliament meet frequently monarch anglican religion guaranteed basic civil liberties petition government impartial speedy jury trial protection excessive bails fines cruel unusual punishments hundred later document served model ten amendments constitution american bill rights toleration act granted freedom worship non anglican protestant sects john locke foremost english philosopher century born anglican family puritan leanings english civil war father joined parliamentary forces saw action locke educated oxford later known liberal views friends reign charles ii locke felt obliged flee safety holland
struggle democracy dictatorship democratic peoples confidently developed belief eventual triumph democracy superficial point view necessarily supported history ancient greece spartan military defeated democratic athens ancient rome roman republic overthrown replaced roman empire essentially military dictatorship newly independent nations turned democracy party states military dictatorships democratic peoples remember successful democracy requires concern cooperation generation heed anew warning contained statement eternal vigilance price liberty democratic peoples hope additional nations democratic eventually evolve political freedoms human rights hope rests bases human beings believed naturally dislike dictatorial rule desire government responsive wishes nations seek raise living standards progress goal devote attention improving form government nations seek improve literacy essential ingredient democratic rule literacy influence mass media develop political maturity social cohesion democratic society recent democratic peoples cheered developments spain death dictator franco government king juan carlos moved definitely democracy king rallying army side protected spain democratic regime suppressing attempted wing coup
balkan peoples inspired nationalism desired independence detested turkish rule absolute power hands sultan money raised heavy taxation diverted public private hands disorder existed parts turkish empire christians singled economic religious persecution unusual cruelty suppress rebellious subjects period balkan peoples gained freedom turkey sick europe highlights struggle marked atrocity barbarism follows revolting turkey greeks received aid russia sought influence balkans britain france cherished ancient greek heritage wanted restrain russian efforts balkans greeks gained turkish recognition independence turkey russia wanted constantinople straits dardanelles bosporus control water route connecting black mediterranean seas britain opposed russian ambitions threatening british interests eastern mediterranean russia demanded protect orthodox christians turkish empire turkey refused russia began hostilities britain france aided turkey armies defeated russia turkish empire remained intact supposedly enraged turkish atrocities slavic peoples russia declared war defeated sultan forces russia forced turkey peace treaty gave russia influence balkans britain austria hungary denounced treaty demanded balkan settlement international conference
humanitarianism feeling deep concern welfare unfortunate peoples coupled desire improve conditions industrialization draw newly created wealth combat social injustices british secured abolition slavery british empire later france holland abolished slavery united states granted freedom blacks result civil war starting century christian missionaries underdeveloped areas expanded activities include educational medical services famous medical missionaries africa century david livingstone british century albert schweitzer french famed philosopher musician schweitzer devoted providing hospital care natives florence nightingale british crimean war provided wartime nursing service known lady lamp jean henri dunant swiss founded international red cross clara barton american organized headed american red cross today red cross serves war casualties peacetime disaster victims elizabeth fry british sought treatment imprisoned criminals dorothea dix american fought treatment insane today insane treated mentally sick possessed devil imprisoned criminals taught trade order help earn living released reform punishment modern approach enlisted support help schoolchildren enjoy youth remain labor market educated citizenry essential successful democracy
rhodesia british colony exercised local government white minority regime black african population vote rhodesian government rejected britain proposal move rapidly majority meaning black rule rhodesian prime minister ian smith declared country independent british government labeled breakaway regime illegal applied economic sanctions preferential tariffs banning purchases rhodesia sugar tobacco oil shipments britain rejected demands african nations crush rebellion force britain secured un resolution requesting member nations apply economic sanctions rhodesia breakaway regime moved change policies economic sanctions proved ineffective evaded rhodesia disregarded part nations south africa call sanctions black ruled zambia facing food shortage purchased large quantities rhodesian maize united states vote congress lifted ban importing rhodesian chromium reduce american dependence russia vital defense metal united states congress insistence president carter reinstated american ban rhodesian chrome mozambique gained independence closed border rhodesia throttling rhodesia traditional trade routes rhodesia faced stepped black guerrilla attacks civil war ended pro soviet group control secretary henry kissinger acted achieve peaceful transition black majority rule rhodesia forestall soviet cuban intervention
khomeini spurred american feeling blamed united states iran problems iran canceled contracts purchase american arms goods curtailed shipment oil united states closed american intelligence posts northern iran monitored soviet missile tests late president carter allowed shah enter united states surgery postoperative treatment cancer teheran capital iran militants supposedly students occupied american embassy seized americans hostages release hostages students demanded united states deliver shah iran punished crimes militants urged khomeini charged shah massacring demonstrators torturing political prisoners plundering nation wealth eroding iran traditional islamic values placing iran control washington united states refused hand shah iranians charged american embassy spy center threatened place hostages trial spying united states condemned seizure american embassy staff violations international law blackmail united states demanded hostages released unconditionally position supported unanimous vote un security council unanimous decision court iran refused president carter prohibited american purchases iranian oil froze iranian assets united states ordered deportation iranian students illegally united states president carter warned actions
independence defeated war pakistan nation consisted nonadjacent regions separated miles kilometers indian territory west pakistan larger area fewer east pakistan moslem religion regions common west pakistanis spoke looked westward moslem arabs east pakistanis spoke bengali felt close hindu living india despite smaller population west pakistanis controlled central government elections bengali league gained legislative majority president yahya khan bengali leader sheik negotiated regarding east pakistan demand autonomy failed agree west pakistani army seized control east killing civilians occupying major cities declared region independence retained control rural areas india voiced support east pakistan received million bengali refugees creating tremendous relief burden trained bengali guerrilla fighters india gained international support signing treaty friendship soviet union late indian military forces crossed east pakistan week war defeated west pakistani army making independence reality bengali nation bangladesh un developments check index britain formally recognized bengali nation pakistan withdrew commonwealth bangladesh joined pakistan officially recognized independence established diplomatic relations bangladesh
greece turkey joined nato countries traditionally enemies recent clashed bitterly island cyprus greek backed coup aimed uniting cyprus greece failed resulted turkish armies occupying percent island greece military dictatorship planned coup gave civilian democratic rule greek government resenting lack nato support greece turkey membership nato withdrew military forces nato command course cyprus dispute greece turkey severely criticized united states greece blamed united states preventing turkish invasion cyprus turkey condemned action united states congress cutting military aid turkey substantial progress cyprus settlement ordered american forces military installations intelligence posts turkey posts enabled united states nato secure considerable information regarding soviet military activities president carter requested congress lift embargo pointed embargo moved turkey concessions regarding cyprus feared turkey weaken ties nato congress narrowly approved end ban united states reached agreement turkey provide military economic aid return american turkish military intelligence posts nato framework american officials unhappy nato powers economically recovered war ii questioning american leadership obstructing unified foreign policies
president nixon asserted united states continue play major role pacific seek avoid involvement war vietnam nixon told asian friends united states honor treaty commitments including military economic aid look asian nation threatened internal subversion nonnuclear aggression provide armed force defense doctrine president meant responsible role asian nations american policy sustained run ordering american forces combat vietnam successive presidents kennedy johnson nixon presidential power commander chief secured congressional declaration war congress moved limit presidential war making powers enacting president nixon veto war powers resolution provided president commits american troops combat abroad reasons presented congress hours president expects american troops combat abroad days congressional approval secured president secure congressional approval military action terminated congress order withdrawal american forces abroad days adopting concurrent resolution subject presidential veto president nixon condemned resolution clearly unconstitutional declared seriously undermine nation ability act decisively times international crisis bordered communist laos communist cambodia fearful regimes aid guerrilla bands government moved reduce american presence
soviet communist party chief brezhnev visited united states projected spirit friendship spoke american television president nixon signed number accords effort avoid military confrontation expand air passenger service united states soviet union promote trade continue cultural educational exchanges cooperate oceanographic transportation agricultural research leaders united states canada european nations met finland conclude conference security cooperation europe signed charter major provisions accepting inviolate post war ii boundaries europe provision western powers held realistic acknowledging situation alter peaceably russia jubilant provision formally recognized soviet territorial gains europe division germany nations soviet domination eastern europe provision hailed personal triumph soviet communist party head brezhnev agreeing principle human rights provision soviet union satellite communist nations promised ease movement individuals frontiers assist reunion separated families reduce restrictions journalists increase east west cultural educational exchanges western observers wondered promises members congress protested internal soviet crackdown dissident intellectuals minority groups congress members pointed forced exile russian author dissenter alexander solzhenitsyn
visited museum kinds museums learn sports space travel art asia baseball clocks gold miners museums find information subjects museum places learn word means place muses muses greek goddesses art knowledge greeks ago believed art field knowledge goddess muses poetry music history astronomy study stars planets words heavy type glossary end book place muses set art knowledge museums today museums egypt city alexandria built greek king ruled egypt ago king ptolemy king ptolemy museum differed museums today place teach visitors place scholars artists lived museum wrote books discussed plants planets meeting rooms shaded walks gardens talk important museum library king ptolemy later rulers power books library
coin shown left page date lifelike head side image king ptolemy king ptolemy established museum alexandria sure words side coin read ptolemy king rulers put images coins lifetime thought impressed greatness ptolemy coin ruled egypt nearly ago idea coin age trouble knowing age modern coins dates date penny quarter tells issued pay attention dates coin collectors dates things newspapers magazines dates date letters write school reports books dates turn title page book find date side buildings courthouses churches dates report cards dates think things classroom things home dates date fairly exact idea idea statements dates
picture opposite page shows left city nippur mound crumbling brick modern building stands top built ago scholars searching ruins ruins nippur left city began ago thousands lived gleaming temple stood brick platform crumbling mound desert place gardens green fields barley wheat left ruins southern iraq country southwest asia happened bring change thing river changed course today ancient times iraq desert watered rivers tigris euphrates flow mountains highlands turkey iraq persian gulf find rivers map page waters euphrates ran alongside walls nippur nippur built canals river city small boats dock inside walls canals carried water irrigate fields walls today euphrates miles remains nippur bake desert sun euphrates river change course springtime floods rush highlands euphrates washes tons soil flat river plain
rome empire grew city million lived city later emperors greek city nearly large marveled grandeur greatness rome poet called golden rome cities thought grand poet wrote rome thousand dangers thought person wise move city quiet country place reasons views rome attractions capital center empire going today saying importance city roads lead rome goods empire rome wishes goods journey stay rome rome problems similar large cities today crowding dirt noise heavy traffic city million needs lot food nearby farms feed grain ships egypt parts north africa brought wheat rome daily bread spain supplied fine olive oil wine honey cities depended places food large cities large city needs water tiber river runs rome city water dirty drink
greek scholar wrote geography ago wrote emperor augustus ruled empire spanned continents europe africa asia thought europe continents wrote suited development excellence course continents knew east asia knew africa south sahara continents knew today geographers modern geographer written europe looked favorable continent idea written later scholars living times idea gifts nature continent europe speak nature gifts continent mean things human beings climate rivers mountains soil minerals gifts nature part chapter tells nature gifts western europe part chapter describes western europe gifts end war ii thought europe divided continent divisions commonly called western eastern europe based geographic location
word modern comes latin word meaning say living modern times german writer lived nearly ago wrote books latin books modern history told story europe times think strange called times lived modern lived ago living think lived modern times fact think times modern socrates julius caesar think lived ancient times call times ancient wrote histories called ancient history told events book history period ancient modern times called book history middle ages continued labels periods history study history agree dates picked chosen end ancient times roman emperor constantine died chose end middle ages turkish armies conquered city constantinople historians chosen dates invented call period ancient modern times middle ages
russian rivers flow black sea receives waters danube river southeastern europe read chapter danube begins mountains west germany source rhine river rivers flow opposite directions rhine runs northwest north sea danube flows southeast black sea countries course eastern europe find map page eastern european countries touched danube east germany poland albania danube runs mountainous areas south balkans europe southern peninsulas balkan peninsula includes countries eastern europe albania bulgaria part yugoslavia greece country tip peninsula part western europe north danube lie hook shaped carpathian mountains nestled inside hook hungarian plain includes hungary parts eastern european countries czechoslovakia part yugoslavia romania remember named romans danube flows hungarian plain gap carpathian balkan mountain ranges gap known iron gate iron gate river flows slowly romanian plain mouth black sea
tsar government fell peasants took estates large landholders divided land small family holdings lenin communists encouraged taking land communists declared land peasants peasants understood land peasants meant land family learned differently later communists believed common ownership land thought peasants hold land groups individuals families communists forced peasants combine individual plots land large collective farms members collective farm worked land owned machinery equipment group divided collective farm produced according communists preferred collective farms reasons government control peasants collectives millions small farms communists thought family farms small poor machinery collective farms supposed tractors machines fewer produce food free mines opened factories built peasants want give small holdings communists called farmers enemies millions herded prison camps large numbers killed expected prison result communist promise land
albania smallest country eastern smallest european continent entirely covered rugged mountains hills call country land eagles chose eagles build nests high hard reach places think eagles taking care case albania high mountainous country fiercely independent language slavic group albania communist party ruled country end war ii communists shown albanian spirit independence reason remained friendly communist countries albania quarreled yugoslavia albanian leaders thought communist neighbor intended later quarreled soviet union asked china support china largest communist country quarrel soviet union chinese helped albania develop industries today albania remains poorest country europe large cities capital television station rough mountains transportation difficult fourths farmers methods land diets bread milk cheese sheep goats government worked hard albania began program teach read write
half arab country lebanon christians half moslems lebanon important trading country middle east imports manufactured goods oil exports agricultural products especially citrus fruits france controlled lebanon end war independent nation french built schools spoke french students arab countries study lebanon european american banks businesses offices beirut capital city beirut called paris middle east lebanon independent christians moslems country later number moslems increased rapidly partly moslem palestinians lebanon arab israeli wars civil war moslem christian groups broke causing destruction beirut arab countries troops lebanon try stop fighting troubles disturbed peace small country groups palestinians lebanon base armed raids israel israel invaded lebanon attacked villages cities palestinians bases beirut attacked paris middle east left ruins israelis stopped attack armed palestinians agreed leave lebanon troubles lebanon threaten future middle east word iraq means rooted country suggests country history
africans kinds land ways africans grown crops livestock hunted gathered food groups bushmen southern africa learned live places starve bushmen live kalahari desert country botswana today cattle ranchers past bushmen lived hunting gathering food kalahari areas desert grass bushes trees find eat dry season bushmen look poisoned arrows hunt antelopes desert animals meat main food bushmen ate plants women gathered end short rainy season picked small juicy melons grow wild bushmen ate melons roasted ate seeds meat boil juices melons women gathered small wild cucumbers rains later searched sour red berries grew bushes dry season bushmen depended eating roots knew vines stored water thick roots eating roots provided food water bushmen moving search food soon roots melons place
ships european countries vasco da route africa asia dutch ship haarlem wrecked coast southern africa cape hope crew land safely managed save cargo knowing months ship passed crew prepared wait traded part cargo hottentots sheep cattle hottentots african lived southernmost part africa cattle raisers dutch crew planted crops seeds saved haarlem crops grew hunting fishing shipwrecked crew crew haarlem picked returned home told land climate southern tip africa dutch trading company establish small settlement settlement produce food growing number ships trip asia later dutch ships establish supply post cape hope group faced numerous difficulties months found cape pleasant descriptions haarlem crew group arrived april autumn south equator crops failed found hard trade cattle
france ruled vietnam war ii japan occupied country war japan lost war french returned vietnam vietnamese want return french rule communist leader named ho chi minh led war throw french rule french fought control vietnam finally french defeated vietnam divided communists ruled northern part country government opposed communism ruled south hanoi capital north vietnam saigon capital south vietnam dividing vietnam bring peace war broke vietnams united states helped south vietnam united states soldiers fighting vietnam united states forces war continued communists took control vietnam hanoi country capital saigon renamed ho chi minh city honor communist leader lands called french indochina separate countries vietnam laos kampuchea communist governments war vietnam damage cost lives population lands grew larger population vietnam doubled countries farmers main crop rice valley delta mekong river richest land asia find mekong map page
book read live continents percent human race read peoples live crops grow things ideas reached end book remember learned kinds things learned listed important ideas material read look important ideas try remember examples illustrate kinds places live continents deserts forests river valleys mountains plains climates ranging hot cold wet dry ways living lands climates think ways think ways live kind place ways live desert remember book read deserts order live place nature gifts gifts wisely making future times wasted destroyed resources left future think cases nature gifts wisely wasted resources
picture top galloping horse riding miles hour pound steer running suddenly leap horse steer try wrestle steer ground powerful animal ideas want angry pierce sharp horns lucky finally bring steer ground quickly dangerous playmate steer wrestling began black cowboy named bill pickett guiding steers pen corral didn want bill angry jumped steer wrestled ground later demonstrated trick cowboys idea caught soon steer wrestling popular sport excites crowds rodeos rodeo hundred began cattle drives drives cowboys drove herds cattle railway stations stations cattle shipped markets east drives took days cowboys bored set competitions shows watch rodeo part american today rodeos held united states cowboys making rounds suicide circuit called
warning begin climb rested warm clothing weather conditions tree line unsettled turn lost lives summer peaks words look read sign matterhorn peak alps belong mt everest himalayas actually signs warnings paths white mountains hampshire highest peak mountains mt washington feet high killed mountain freezing winds summer rob body heat tired climber die knows danger summer thousands climbers trudge rocky summit washington climb mountain climbing exciting sport mt washington paths walls ravines paths follow ridges views breath quieter paths wooded forests streams past waterfalls parts climber rocks ropes climbing white mountains easy difficult climber wishes mountain climbing sport choices climbing mountain mt washington safe care climbers understand high peaks stop don foolish chances risk
united states postage stamps printed honor baseball shows young playing baseball bears dates stamp shows adult dressed colorful uniform printed stamp dates honors professional baseball hard prove dates shown stamp correct believe baseball played cooperstown york believe game invented abner kind baseball played writer oliver wendell holmes remembered playing baseball book written jane austen talks baseball england alphabet book children printed letter represented baseball boy book printed describes game baseball clear kind baseball played played places cooperstown let look stamp doubt dates shown stamp correct professional baseball game played professional baseball team cincinnati red stockings players hoped money playing baseball cincinnati reds play ball today baseball begun england called parts england feeder parts southern england called baseball
ten women roller skates moving quickly oval shaped track track curves upward inside banked sharply turns shape track helps skaters stay track skating quickly sharp curves ten skaters racing races contestants try avoid hitting skaters pounding causing jam ups bad spills kind sport roughness roller skates answer roller derby roller derby team consists women opposing teams skate minutes women skate minutes half game minute periods players skating team roles blockers wear white helmets wear helmets stripes pivot wears black helmet score pivot leaves pack passes member opposing team pack large group players skating blockers try stop scores pivot block score frank author strides banked track explained action players pound prohibited tripping slugging employing elbow upward downward motion blocking arm extended full length
don sports began simple everyday acts running jumping traced earlier similar games games simple rules sport rest sport began invented sport trial run quickly won friends popular sports sport basketball fall dr james naismith physical education teacher training school springfield massachusetts class young didn physical education program didn gym wore nerves teacher tried busy naismith class changed routines concentrated games class soon found indoor games boring naismith tried bring outdoor sports indoors tried soccer lacrosse soccer page didn inside broken windows bruises lacrosse turned free students hitting sticks naismith realized entirely game decided ball large ball felt large ball eliminate need stick bat players handle ball hands decided add kind mark target shoot
greatest show earth circus greatest show harlem globetrotters action american sports stars known united states globetrotters known played countries millions played kings presidents popes prime ministers fans record number crowded berlin olympic stadium globetrotters play game start basketball game seconds strange things begin happen player moves hands passing ball forward goes backward player catches ball hold rolls arms neck shoulders flicked player basketball game suddenly clown act globetrotters play rules meant broken player sits shoulders player scores points shooting basket globetrotters play baseball court pitcher catcher batter basketball baseball shots kicked basket basketball moment football globetrotters bring team play opponents win officials part comedy clowning conceal fact players
track events divided large groups sprints middle distance runs distance runs calls slightly skills sprinter runs full speed race middle distance distance runners save energy run ahead started full speed soon tire authors track field athletics set upper limit yards feel runner shape run yards full speed sports limits don hold athletes runners today general past test upper limit knows runner future able run full speed common events school meets yard dash yard dash olympic races meters equivalent yards meter meter meter dash meter race yards pass olympic races run bit faster thomas burke won meter race seconds win lee evans ran race seconds sprinting middle distance runs yards school meets common range yard races
field events include jumping events generally types running jump called broad jump running high jump pole vault successful jumper run actually jumps jumper running sprinter reach top speeds quickly jumps foot board push starts jump jumper leaps air high low running jump combines speed strength perfect timing high jump discus throw jump event event athlete jump crossbar supported upright poles bar raised jumper longer clear jumper makes running start jumps early record holder michael sweeney jumped feet inches record lasted nowadays high jumpers regularly clear feet styles high jumping changed jumpers twists kicks bar jumpers page bar backwards pole vault dramatic field events athlete picks pole towers prepares run holds pole level ground starts running giant
try jump bar rests feet air think height moment feet tall jump higher height try picture going bar backwards feat hard believe debbie brill canada women able jump higher debbie debbie achievement especially surprising jumping style high jumpers bar facing forward debbie reverses method coach calls debbie style brill bend debbie athletic liked climb trees helped build muscles sit treetops hours daydream future debbie famous february maple leaf games toronto cleared bar feet woman north america reach height cleared feet meets scotland july won gold medal commonwealth games medal presented queen elizabeth debbie showed unusual strength determination child walked months carry pail pounds sawdust grab father knees lift air
yellow river streams flowing north eastward snow capped mountains central asia rivers die mongolia semi desert regions mighty yellow breaks freeing mountains hills deserts moving broad floodplain sea centuries yellowish brown soil called loess blowing gobi desert built yellow river valley region practically forests grew winds plastered loess hills level stretches stone age times digging hills fashioned cave homes live northern china today hundreds thousands live cave dwellings comfortably cool summer snug warm winter loess soil fertile easily worked plow soil loess needs moisture produce crops rainfall valley irregular comes suddenly needed reaching floodplain swollen water melting mountain snows yellow meets monsoon rains south east devastating floods result yellow river aptly named china sorrow crumbling easily loess soil easily erodes picked river floodplain yellow river slows dropping silt settles bottom gradually river bed rises finally yellow shifts course making pathway sea yellow river changed course river river valley dynasty began yu
period war destruction china end early century century rulers intensely warlike ch armies eastward conquer neighboring kingdoms ch subdued china north yangtze river ch king shih huang ti emperor land ceased small kingdoms empire called china ch giving china shih huang ti gave china central government abolished laws separate kingdoms replacing laws applied chinese divided land districts ruled military governor reported directly emperor determined prevent rebellion shih huang ti moved noble families parts china west shensi original ch area eye shih huang ti roads built outward capital city ch ang armies move quickly direction numerous canals dug connect rivers protect china barbarian tribes north shih huang ti ordered wall constructed china northern boundary short stretches wall built connected form barrier continuous fourteen hundred miles tens thousands forced labor stupendous project erecting wall fourteen feet high forty feet thick million died stone wall cost human
su tung po held numerous government posts served secretary emperor teacher royal family su care palace court politics preferring official provinces finally appointed provincial governor hangchow wish governor su improved hangchow water supply hospital built city beautiful enhancing lakes gardens floods yangtze put hours caring times flood severely criticized officials capital giving aid asked taking steps recommended su tung po sharp impatient letters annoyed officials su wrote letters emperor officials explain annoyed fact su tung po served governor help government changed emperor decided bring innovators conservatives conservatives including su tung po brother yu lost jobs lesser su tung po magistrate south china canton su officially continued write study taoism enjoying pleasant climate south china innovator eyes su finally ordered island coast china climate damp foggy winter humid summer
chinese invented discovered items discovered gunpowder compass invented paper making printing seismograph measuring earthquake strength developed water powered mills grinding grain medicine chinese close discovering idea vaccination means controlling disease developed europe chinese physicians early possessed deal knowledge anatomy chinese accurately measured length advances astronomy invent seemingly ordinary items stirrup wheelbarrow europeans number chinese inventions compass stirrup gunpowder knowing place origin gunpowder revolutionized warfare europe chinese took important discoveries stride brought drastic change china chinese developed cannons built seaworthy ships look means extending influence europeans caught surpassed chinese shipbuilding navigation armament development vital influence relationships europeans chinese reluctantly chinese government allowed europeans trade portuguese expulsion ships netherlands england appeared chinese government restricted port canton later adding island macao trade small compared brought wealth europeans chinese merchants thanks taxes helped ming government government refused open ports trade allow expand
numerous observers believed china needed land reform relief peasants appeared occur strong government action force gentry landlords give holdings distribute land sale outright grant landless peasants believe likely landlords willingly surrender land accepting change chiang objectives mind considered paramount pressing importance wished eliminate warlord control china hampered country progress unify nation kuomintang leadership accomplished chiang turn attention goal removing china foreign domination persisted middle nineteenth century realizing objectives chiang believed goals chinese revolution achieved concentrating warlords foreigners chiang give attention problems peasants concerned land reform kuomintang communists worked promote chinese revolution communists allowed join kuomintang individual members meantime party free increase membership sun death chiang took kuomintang leader chiang gathered army march warlords aiming reclaim china united country leadership spring chiang began northern expedition sweeping northward canton yangtze valley chiang nationalist troops moved eastward valley taking hankow nanking marched shanghai
china suffered war experience bitter conflict final bloody stage communist kuomintang struggle began endure nearly end war ii found china total collapse communists controlled north areas kuomintang held suffered confusion disorganization added millions chinese suffered died famine swept provinces american reporter theodore white honan province chipped bark pounded roadside food vendors sold leaves dollar bundle dog digging mound exposing human body ghostlike skimming stagnant pools eat green slime waters kuomintang government unable food famine areas relieve suffering war warlords ruled parts china extracted peasants food taxes warlords war inconvenience suffered peasants suffered according reports observers scene understand kuomintang government plight control warlords contrast warlords communists sought win peasants side treating instructions leaders peasant houses red army soldiers return straw matting mattresses give articles borrowed peasants pay prices things purchased replace damaged goods honest dealings peasants treat courteously politely
china observers tend sympathetic regime reports lack balance allowing bias reports gain ideas factory china today problem concerning quality arose bicycle factory bicycle factory tientsin received complaints customers product slow heavy plant decided replace scattered steel balls middle shafts ball brackets bike easier ride increase cost cents chinese currency amount equal cent currencies quality improvement accomplished increasing cost appeared contradiction cost quality analytic struggle plant aimed carry general line greater faster cheaper enterprise party committee problem subject mass discussion analysis personnel attended meetings formed problem solving teams consisting managers technicians workers employees submitted hundred innovation measures practicing economy aim saving cents increasing cost bike cents innovations introduced quality improved months unit cost decreased cents report transformer factory deals important aspect workers lives wages general wages range low grade yuan month high grade yuan cases beginning workers yuan technicians engineers veteran cadres yuan month
change china help relations soviet union communist victory china friendly huge nations communist histories consequence styles communism russian communist leaders based revolution proletariat urban workers mao tied revolution victory peasantry brought communist revolution heading vast powerful nation soviet leaders considered chief guides directors communism pure communism mao chinese leaders disagreed wishing follow soviet lead soviet union advisors china russia supplied money equipment help china build ideological split widened relations nations cooled early chinese russian advisors home russia china share common border asia sides border remains heavily garrisoned numerous border clashes threats war peace communist giants remains uneasy united states government remained bitterly opposed communism regardless country found officially united states government mao government insisted chiang regime taiwan legal chinese government unfriendly relations china united states led undeclared warfare american chinese troops korea war ii korea split thirty eighth parallel north korea communists government south korea government supported united states june north korea invaded south
chou en died january mao died september hua premier chou death later named communist party chairman deng xiaoping observers considered powerful figure chinese communist party guided china economic policy mao death deng stressed agriculture industry defense science technology policy increasing agricultural production concentration heavy industry emphasis manufacture consumer goods provide jobs give china items export trade development transportation systems energy finally plans called increase number steel mills fertilizer plants leadership changed later september national party congress elected premier later hua replaced party chairman chief party leader szechwan province allowed factory workers profits modernize equipment turning government increased amount land peasants grow food sale achieved production record szechwan hua supported election leadership mao wished china sufficient unlike mao willing rely trade help build chinese economy unlike mao regime stressed need develop experts technological skills regime continued emphasize need firm training communist ideals mao china foreign trade continued expand
activities part agricultural marketing country literally millions involved phase agricultural marketing market values involved run billions dollars nonfarm businesses involved agricultural marketing known reader fit system surely consumer food ultimate necessity earn living develop professionals part complex system text train specific positions checkout clerk elevator manager market news reporter milk market administrator grain futures trader fruit vegetable grader merchandising manager learn football television books newspapers takes practice instruction coaches players learn play center end similarly course teach marketing game help prepare detailed instruction receive employment purpose twofold describing principal structures workings agricultural marketing system hope provide view terminology help consumers farmers businessmen women citizens understand developments issues issues issues today issues surely understandable think terms market system purpose global management oriented hope introduce practical problems facing today farmers agribusiness certainly purposes overlap
understand forces need recognize impact entry exit firms distinction short run defines run variable existing firm enlarge plant build quit business entirely firm enter begin production short run fixity major run occur distinction arbitrary recognizes sufficient incentives firms drastic organizational routine week week operation general relationships fairly evident decline demand encourages exits turn exists leave larger share remaining firms causing rebound ar curve perceived firm hand increase industry demand encourages real entry exit taking place realistic say decline demand leads net exits increase demand net output added expanding outputs existing firms eventually stop rise price triggered demand increase ordinarily price reduction exits motivated expectations negative profits profits low encourage entry low motivate exit defined normal profits foregoing needs summarized precisely industry supply demand model recall principles supply generally single amount schedule alternative quantities offered sale prices
dale son jerry operate partnership dairy herd minnesota average cows milking herd produce pounds milk production meets grade standards milk eligible sale fluid form cows milked daily milking parlor milk flows directly large cooler remains pumped daily tanker truck belonging regional dairy cooperative dale jerry members cooperative agreement annually sell milk cooperative dairy farms county convenient alternative market outlet milk marketing pricing complex require dale jerry cooperative handles marketing bulk milk tank retailer monthly price computed cooperative according formulas relate final milk national supply demand picture milk pricing influenced federal marketing order region governmental support price milk making cheese processed products generally farm price milk reasonably stable predictable seasonal swing dairy farmers likely suffer abrupt change feed costs milk prices dale jerry produce forage feed grains incomes tend steady wayne raises wheat milo farm wichita excellent wheat area raised wheat rotates milo sorghum grain rotation helps control weeds milo prices attractive
literally thousands food items brand counted processor retailer item relevant attention confined general categories trends livestock products ironical poultry industry big increase big decrease consumption figure poultry meat broilers turkeys strong increase eggs large decrease decline consumption eggs generally attributed reduction demand changing styles fewer big breakfasts health concerns dietary guidelines recommend fewer eggs increase poultry meat consumption due rightward shifts supply demand chicken meat sold fast food chains generally praised leaner meats technical gains efficiency postwar period held poultry prices relative meats making frequent substitute lack trend dairy meat obscures commodity trends ice cream consumption stable fluid milk slowly falling cheese rising growth cheese consumption appears reflect demand shift changing styles tastes consumers variations meats reflect mainly supply factors beef consumption peaked pounds capita retail weight fell sharply part declining production phase beef cycle magnitude fall largely due higher feed grain prices mid hog production cycled capita consumption peaks pounds retail weight
say foreign markets interest agribusiness exports livestock poultry products tobacco tend smaller firms trade grains soybeans cotton rice largely hands big companies larger trading companies operate nations firm sale grain russia met grain shipments countries continental grain louis dreyfus bunge giant multinational firms grain trading large trading firms privately held public information activities limited reputed handle majority private trade grain control large share port elevators storage essential trading food firms especially larger found markets services abroad establishing foreign beverages soft drinks worldwide markets fast food chains abroad recent study estimates sales exceeded billion investments concentrated canada western europe foreign investment food processing risen recent total investment billion dollars beverages miscellaneous foods tobacco growing involvement food store chains agricultural exports rose rapidly volume rapidly export prices dollars doubled figure fiscal total agricultural exports reached billion times billion total grain products derived obviously big ticket items agricultural exports figure
costs product protection depreciation construction costs facilities repairs utilities maintenance labor insurance supplies related items costs low cents bushel month grain farmer metal bin obviously higher apples cold storage plant regulated atmosphere oxygen carbon dioxide major cost storage interest interest bushel soybeans held months cents bit storage unavoidable operating part pipeline farmer consumer storing farmers storing review shortly motivations undertaking storage look macro picture amounts types storage farm farm farmers commodities stored farms stored exceptions generalizations largest amount farm storage country midsection grains soybeans storage capacity impressively large usda estimated late farm capacity billion bushels farm storage centered mainly chief production areas corn wheat soybeans milo course large amounts feed grains corn stored farms fed later livestock percentage corn fed farms grown fallen steadily obviously corn marketed cash grain storage farms progressively marketing function
recent econometric study finds increases input costs marketing firms wages fuel passed entirely terms higher ms higher retail prices months increase varying views retail prices change result farm prices vice versa variety circumstances economy doubtful evidence support explanation recent econometric study dale argues majority foods studied farm prices change verbal explanation equations follows retailers standard markup varied input costs rise wholesale food prices suppose shorter supplies farm level processors bid higher prices raise wholesale prices leads raise prices consumers price takes accomplished month continues month according initial retail farm level suppose consumer demand rises falls don retailers respond raising lowering prices according generally change markup raise reduce quantities ordered orders reach farm level change farm prices obvious directions prices retail finally result price increased demand retail according model result increased retail prices increases farm prices study previously cited study lends support view
knowledge alternate market options complete difficult obtain decentralized nonpublic market market news agencies public private try gather publicize transactions gathering dissemination frequently slower expensive satisfactory organized market lack information negotiating skills part farmers primary concern sell individual negotiation system agribusiness side situation presents opportunities degree product standardization factor hog producer shop telephone current paying prices slaughter hog outlets varying degrees assurance prices relate pen hogs hand meat packers retailers negotiate telephone sale carloads hams choice beef carcasses precise understandings products involved large buyer large seller organize din system price negotiation similar organized market large retail chain requests packers provide offers monday carloads beef quality willing provide price retailer tuesday morning compares competing offers accepts desirable cases retailer bit negotiating try improve point view offers system appears sided market packers compete sell retailer extent packers sell alternative retailers negotiation system sided appears
grades need identical farmer consumer grades meaning buyers sellers buyers market level interested qualities buyers higher level buyers slaughter livestock interested dressing percentage affects considerably yield salable carcass live fed cattle retail buyers interest dressing percentage relevant carcasses interested yield trimmed salable retail cuts retail customers interest retail yield dressing percentage highly interested eating qualities steaks roasts proportions edible lean fat bone grade standards change stage stage market reflect changing interests standards measure qualities common interest stage clear eating qualities important retail buyers important ultimate buyer consumer case factors important buyers stage carried producer stage grade standards multidimensional dimension yield retail cuts retail dropped consumer level traders grade boundaries changed sellers want highest grade assigned commodity producers sell precisely qualities system grade names boundaries acceptable sellers likely sellers overestimate importance grading factors
american farm bureau federation nation largest farm organization involved numerous marketing bargaining activities marketing associations coordinated affiliate american agricultural marketing association bargaining programs involve fruits vegetables midwestern eastern states national organization bargaining generally national basis broiler growers southern states organized associations late intensive opposition part broiler largely prevented called group bargaining national farmers organization organized goal national bargaining individual members signed contracts designating act bargaining agent fraction entire production commodity signed processors generally resisted bargaining holding actions held times demonstrate extent ability affect total deliveries commodities hogs milk recent moved assembly contractual sale milk livestock grain nearby processors operates deal secrecy evidence able bargain prices significantly received farmers comparable commodities significance lies ambitious attempts develop nationwide bargaining commodities successful bargaining national organization achieved commodity likely basic legal status farmer bargaining associations marketing cooperatives capper volstead act interpreted permitting farmers associate bargaining cooperative grant antitrust exemption monopolizing activities
current market requires heavy flow information processor monitors private public sources market intelligence forthcoming volume production recent price transactions recent volumes offered sale actually traded qualities weights facts addition processor numerous buyers coordinate carefully purchases large coordinate buyers telephone radio hourly basis facilitate coordination staff large grain buyer housed office processor interested absolute level farm prices interested purchasing levels higher competitors concerned paying prices ongoing market price constant communication corollary motivation suggested pricing matter selling price minus margin calculation subject competitors allow commodities prices change daily hourly price supply uncertainty variability create managerial headaches regarded processor major disadvantages depends able cope competitors ways processor frustrated week small buy plant breaks labor dispute selling prices plunge commitments quit buying advantageous aggregate sense variability creates inefficiencies resources need necessarily source loss processor competitors able adjust margins cover costs
retail store market larger market processors mass feeding market growing importance mass feeding market processors differs ways food store market processor brands limited significance mass feeders larger mass feeders typically demanding processed characteristics frequently want convenience want frozen french fries instant mashed potatoes fresh potatoes want hamburgers uniform composition sizes weigh exactly ounces want assurance absolutely adequate supply regularly scheduled deliveries services course want competitive price processors compete basis price service mass feeding market processor promotion advertising essential market mass consumer advertising stressing brand identification degree processor marketing versus mass feeders varies size mass feeding firms big firms kentucky fried chicken mcdonalds systems organize system completely tight product specifications control suppliers perform services period small firms individual restaurants extreme depending products marketing organization processors intermediary distributors preservation original reason food processing preservation important processing reasons convenience quality control cost reduction modern fast food restaurant operate foods processed ultimate degree regard convenience quality portion control cost control modern large scale food processing product twentieth century nationwide processors meat packing war
government job market signals lack foresight problem wheat production encourage season depends weather wheat belts difficult resist short run expedients consumers happy obtain huge crops ignore ensuing low farm prices production levels prices later short crop rising prices temporary export embargo grain placate consumers harm term development foreign markets government manage storage commodities avoid extremes intermittent generated weather induced crop failures storage requires financial resources likely private sector risks payoffs poorly defined presently farmers agribusiness possess considerable grain storage capacity farmers past decade shown greater tendency store price private storage capabilities reckoned developing public storage programs help sort programs likely effects program alternatives summarized table need read discussion order understand usual qualifications summary statements table programs considered separate alternatives past half century price supports continuously crops supply controls accompany price supports tendency accumulate large surpluses price supports deficiency payments price supports crops nearly extensively past half century
explanation paradox stems difficulties protecting competition conceptually seek protect competition specific competitors tempting course market participants seek protection protecting competition protect disadvantaged competitors destroys necessarily true protections obtained specific competitors essential protecting competition surprising political process produces legislation administrative actions entirely consistent protection competition governmental promotion competition viewed terms attention market structure concentration entry product differentiation market conduct specific business tactics price nonprice competition conceptually appears feasible government maintain competitive market structures break firm large market share say market government prevent mergers firms produce large market share government try remedy conditions entry difficult hamper advertising provide objective information possibly measures reduce effective product differentiation reducing competition market politically actions highly feasible employed occasion actions frequently require legal attacks corporations strong financially politically governmental restrictions typically receive lukewarm support receive hot opposition smaller number politically powerful governmental activity waxes wanes rhetoric vigorous actual prosecution addition political constraints vigorous antitrust action important legal constraints
cooperatives agriculture farmers cooperatives sense emerging policy issue sharp legal distinctions developed farmers cooperatives types short description types agricultural cooperatives demonstrate problems coop organized management firm sells coop securities farmers objective frequently profits management firm coops ended quickly bankruptcy amid charges fraud processor coop organized say fruit processor usual farm suppliers processor arranges cost deal provided members cooperative initially contracted bargaining power farmer members wish exercise cooperative agribusiness corporations association large vertically integrated broiler firms claim farmers produce broilers directly production contracts seek antitrust protection capper volstead cooperative umbrella management cooperative farmers cooperative drifted total control management organization purposes interests members farmers cooperative occurs membership lethargy oriented management happen size cooperative difficult rectify cooperative larger farmers obtain market control types cooperatives enumerated cooperatives legitimate role play present system farmers clearly understand cooperatives serve interests attaining cooperative system
surveying continues play extremely important role branches engineering surveys required prior planning constructing highways railroads rapid transit systems buildings bridges missile ranges launching sites tracking stations tunnels canals irrigation ditches dams drainage works urban land subdivisions water supply sewerage systems pipelines mine shafts surveying surveying methods commonly employed laying assembly lines jigs fabricating placing large equipment providing control aerial photography related tasks geology forestry landscape architecture archeology military civil engineering optical alignment represents application surveying shop practice engineers limits accuracy construction plant design layout manufacturing processes actual surveying civil engineers called design plan surveys understanding methods instruments including capabilities limitations knowledge obtained making measurements kinds equipment practice true concept theory errors small recognizable differences occur observed quantities addition stressing need reasonable limits accuracy surveying emphasizes significant figures engineer hundredths foot tenths thousandths nearest foot precision field data justify carrying computations desired number decimal places experience learns equipment personnel govern procedures results neat sketches computations mark orderly mind turn index sound engineering background competence
field operations office computations governed constant fight reduce errors minimum mistakes corrected discovered comparing measurements quantity ways isolate mistakes making commonsense estimate analysis assume measurements line recorded follows apparently transposition figures reading recording mistake eradicated repeating measurement casting doubtful mistake detected repeat measurement sufficient number measurements quantity agreement foregoing widely divergent result discarded consideration effect average discarding seldom safe change recorded number appears simple transposition figures tampering physical data bad practice trouble infrequently systematic errors calculated proper corrections applied measurements field procedure automatically eliminates errors error due sag tape supported ends computed subtracted measurement tape supported length short intervals sag error negligible leveling instrument adjustment incorrect readings sights length errors cancel differential leveling experience games chance coin flipping card games dice involve probability
indirect method determining horizontal distances chapter procedure lengths lines computed measured base lines angles variation airborne control abc system utilizes helicopter optical plumb bob electronic distance measurements angles helicopter hovers measured height ground station distances obtained pacing sufficiently accurate purposes surveying engineering geology agriculture forestry military field sketching pacing detect blunders occur taping readings pacing consists counting number steps paces required distance length individual pace determined walking natural steps measured level course ft averaging number steps short distances length pace needed number steps ft desirable checking lines plate notes field problem pacing adjust pace ft person average height finds step tiring maintained length individual pace shortens going uphill lengthens going downhill age distances pocket instrument called carried register number paces attached body leg count steps strides surveyors prefer count strides stride distance place foot lifted put
important function performed telescope today telescopes generally require internal focusing interior auxiliary lens moves rack older service external focusing objective lens moves accordance eq dust wear affect slide disturb optical axis external type internal focusing telescope dust resistant fundamental principle lenses formula distance lens image plane distance lens object fig focal length lens focal length constant set lenses distance change remains fixed telescope tube distance eyepiece adjusted suit eye individual observer bringing cross hairs clear focus making black sighting sky distant light colored object accomplished adjustment need changed observer regardless length sight eyes tire observation high magnification telescope eyepiece adjusted objects brought sharp focus plane cross hairs moving objective lens cross hairs travel object sighted eye shifted slightly direction parallax exists objective lens eyepiece adjusted eliminate effect accurate
topographic features rivers lakes canyons difficult impossible minus sights short equal reciprocal leveling employed locations shown fig level set side stream rod readings points sight readings secured averaging reading turning leveling screws throw instrument level reading process repeated times instrument moved procedure differences elevation determined instrument agree curvature refraction personal instrumental errors average differences elevation accepted correct precision satisfactory procedure method making adjustments levels plate sample set field notes reciprocal leveling route surveys highways pipelines elevations required ft station angle points points marking direction breaks slope ground surface critical points roads bridges culverts elevations plotted show profile vertical section surface ground fixed line engineering projects profile center line staked ft stations ft stations profile leveling special form differential leveling requires establishment turning points minus sights
compass navigators centuries determine directions prior invention transit sextant compass furnished surveyors practical measure directions horizontal angles surveyor compass chain museum piece understanding compass vagaries check rough engineering surveys remains valuable tool geologists foresters engineers equipped compass fact design american based requirement compass needle center instrument erecting telescope small size due shorter telescope omission compass mounting accessory compass consists magnetized steel needle mounted pivot center graduated circle needle points magnetic north north south magnetic poles located approximately miles miles true geographic poles magnetic lines force earth align needle pull dip end needle horizontal position angle dip varies equator magnetic poles northern hemisphere balance effect dip needle horizontal south end weighted small coil wire position coil adjusted conform latitude compass weights transit compasses set average latitude changed location united states
traverse series consecutive lines lengths directions determined field measurements traversing act establishing traverse stations making measurements basic widely practiced means determining relative locations points basic types traverses closed open closed traverse lines return starting point forming closed polygon geometrically mathematically closed shown fig finish station positional accuracy equal greater starting point kind geometrically open mathematically closed illustrated fig closing reference direction line az closed traverses provide checks measured angles checks measured angles distances extremely important consideration extensively control construction property topographic surveys open traverse geometrically mathematically open fig consists series lines connected return starting point close point equal greater order accuracy open traverses route surveys generally avoided offer means checking errors mistakes hub wooden stake tack mark point set traverse station figs change direction occurs hubs termed angle points angle measured methods measuring angles directions traverse lines vary include compass bearings interior angles deflection angles angles azimuths
electronic calculators computers commonplace surveying computations modern textbook incomplete discussion noted section general classifications electronic computing devices pocket calculators programmable desk top calculators large capacity computers extensively traverse calculations pocket calculators especially trigonometric functions indispensible modern surveyor advantage enabling surveyor traverse computations verify field data closure returning office programmable desk top calculators type shown fig developed specifically surveying manufacturers supply traverse computation standard programs machines devices capable handling large traverses accessory plot traverses automatically selected scale surveying firms actually large capacity computers access facilities sharing basis solving lengthy tedious calculations programs guide computer written standard computer language fortran universal language devised program surveying engineering problems simple fortran program presented illustration performs steps illustration including computations latitudes departures adjustment compass bowditch rule calculation linear error closure precision addition program computes traverse point coordinates area traverse method coordinates discussed sections scope book describe detail fortran language computer programming procedures
eq advantage sighting evident rod reading opposite sign equal magnitude cancel omitted elevation computation seen obstructions rod reading sighted eq setting middle cross hair full foot mark simplifies arithmetic determination elevation differences compared differential leveling corresponds sight rod reading minus sight superimposed vertical distance minus sign depending angle inclination important sights control points hubs instrumental errors reduced field procedures utilizing principle reading vertical angles telescope normal plunged positions direct rod readings line sight horizontal leveling vertical angles simplify reduction notes inspection table shows vertical angles difference slope horizontal distance negligible sights distance reading error greater inclining telescope degrees permissible reading taking level foresight types markings rods bold geometric figures designed legibility distances rods graduated feet tenths hundredths metric common colors aid distinguishing numbers graduations piece folding sectional rods lengths feet typical
point method location permits topographer set favorable position taking details determine location map sighting plotted points church steeples water towers flagpoles lone trees radio masts jutting cliff formations prominent signals measurement distances electronic devices offers approach point method employed navigation ascertain position ship observing shore features recognizable coastal chart point problem discussed frequently technical literature trigonometric mechanical graphical solutions devised tracing paper arm protractor solutions circle known points indeterminate strong solution results table inside triangle formed points fig table circle passing points piece transparent paper fastened table shown fig point paper radiating lines drawn hubs observed tracing paper moved radiating lines pass points previously plotted map vertex lines correct location table point marked board turned lines radiate hubs ground board clamped similar solution obtained mechanically means device called arm protractor
surveys small areas based assumption earth surface plane large area surveys consider earth curvature past horizontal positions widely spaced stations listed terms positions latitude longitude unfortunately practicing surveyors familiar convention clearly system positions stations plane rectangular coordinates required national survey fulfilled need developing plane coordinate system system evolved north carolina plane coordinate system common datum reference horizontal control surveys large area mean sea level furnishes single datum vertical control eliminates individual surveys based assumed coordinates unrelated employed adjacent present coordinates widely types surveys including photogrammetric mapping highway construction projects property boundary delineation states subdivisions include coordinates extensive likely future advantages systems earth curved mean sea level surface closely approximates spheroid derived mathematically revolving ellipse earth polar axis convert positions portion earth surface plane rectangular coordinates points projected mathematically spheroid imaginary surface solid surface developed unrolled laid flat distortion shape size rectangular grid superimposed developed plane surface positions points plane respect grid axes
standards specifications developed establish distinct called orders accuracy descending order order order order horizontal control surveys order order separate accuracy categories class class ii vertical surveys order order class class ii accuracy divisions total levels defined specifications horizontal vertical control surveys traverse surveys included horizontal control standards specifications differential leveling covered vertical control section tables give relative required orders classes ultimate success engineering mapping project depends survey control higher order accuracy demanded expense required important select proper order accuracy project carefully follow specifications note matter accurately control survey conducted errors exist computed positions stations higher order accuracy presumes smaller errors order meet local needs surveyors engineers scientists federal government established national control network consisting monuments bench marks located united states national survey began control surveying operations survey coast changed coast coast survey division national ocean survey nos continues send field parties states establish control stations upgrade maintain existing
vertical photographs principal mode obtaining imagery topographic mapping truly vertical photograph results axis camera exactly vertical exposure spite precautions small tilts generally rarely greater invariably present vertical tilted photographs small unintentional inclinations photogrammetric principles practices developed handle tilted photos accuracy need sacrificed compiling maps vertical photographs look maps laymen true orthographic projections earth surface perspective views principles perspective geometry applied prepare maps figure illustrates geometry vertical photograph exposure station photograph considered contact print positive exact reversal negative positive shown fig develop photogrammetric equations subsequent sections distance ol fig camera focal length reference axis system measuring photographic coordinates images defined straight lines joining opposite side marks shown positive fig axis arbitrarily designated line nearly parallel direction flight positive direction flight positive positive vertical photographs topographic mapping strips run lengthwise area covered strips flight lines generally overlap adjacent flight lines overlap adjacent photographs flight line figures illustrate
ground control form basic control traverse monuments bench marks existence marked prior photography visible photos photo control points images recognizable photographs positions subsequently determined ground surveys originating basic control ordinarily photo control points selected photography ensure satisfactory location positive identification pre marking points artificial targets areas lacking natural objects provide definite images aerial mosaic assembly overlapping photographs offering continuous representation terrain vast amount detail purposes equivalent map shows features single orthographic projection mosaic series perspective projections mosaics generally classified controlled uncontrolled rectified photographs corrected tilt brought common scale rectifier laid accurate horizontal control uncontrolled mosaic constructed photographs formed simply matching images objects roads railroads fence lines streams classification mosaic denote mosaics combine features types mosaics grouped according purpose index mosaic assembly photographs flight laid numbers visible index mosaic photographed prints filed subsequent selecting prints negatives wanted flight strip mosaic compilation pictures single flight strip suitable qualitative study proposed route locations
measuring tracing systems devised instrument fig light rays carrying images intercepted tracing table platen small white circular disk light emitted platen floating mark rest exactly point model raising tracing table tracing pencil located directly floating mark permits positioning point counter linked tracing table responds motion elevation setting floating mark read directly projectors lights turned rays intersect properly form clear model tilt photographs unequal flying heights course improper projector orientation projectors moved axes rotated reproduce exact conditions existing photographs called relative orientation accomplished rays intersect form perfect dimensional model model brought required scale making rays ground control points intersect plotted positions manuscript map leveled adjusting projectors counter reads correct elevations minimum preferably corner ground control points floating mark set scaling model called absolute orientation orientation completed measurements cross sections model map completed
word obviously combination words familiar word culture term doubt common usage defined science natural laws growth development individual trees forest association trees depend integral part biological community speak growth development tree forest immediately involve need tree structure morphology internal functions physiology relationships environment ecology trees western hemlock western red cedar shallow root systems depend soil moisture close surface knowing study tree structure habits growth environment comparatively high moisture expect find dry deep sandy soils eastern oregon attempt try establish locations likewise ponderosa pine major timber tree eastern oregon found coast planted locations part biological community considering innumerable species plants invisible algae lichens mosses ferns weeds called grasses brush trees host animal called collectively fauna microscopic amoeba earth worms insects rodents birds larger specimens call game animals predators act inter act plant flora important recognize residents forest community
adequate area land forest removed eventually reforested naturally nature respects schedules try rush ecological succession centuries non forest plants rehabilitate logged burned forest site prepare tree growth landowners wait periods land production ignore complications caused removing forest leaving soil exposed climatic elements steps involved plant succession ladder forest managers learn nature eliminate reduce steps obviously task determine condition piece land considered reforestation land manager need trees growing area identify classify vegetation ground determine effect regeneration efforts investigation conditions field evaluation conditions known stocking survey stocking survey systems developed federal private agencies common goal determine sufficient trees desired species area surveyed fully productive forest likewise systems depend method sampling uneconomical feasible inspect acre surveyed intensities surveys requiring greater detail
need consider factors conditions involved forest sites fundamentally forest site type area forest growing grown results physical chemical biological activities reacting soil climatic environment varying topographic conditions biological concept site based assumption native vegetation prolonged competition comes stable equilibrium condition known climax cover general plants reach final stage development stand shade intense competition development observed completely denuded area forest land left completely natural development case wild areas fire succession plant species communities plants western oregon follows growing season fire complete cover fire weed woods rapid encroachment native grasses densely cover area vines bushes deeper root systems giving competitive advantage gradually move area larger shrubs eventually hardwood trees oaks chinquapin eventually ponderosa pine established incense cedar douglas fir finally douglas fir allowed remain western hemlock finally replace climax type largely hypothetical variations result extraneous factors affect change normal cycle succession
management growth forests generally spoken terms douglas fir closely related species western hemlock sitka spruce western red cedar western oregon washington southwestern oregon transition mixed conifer stands including ponderosa pine sugar pine incense cedar true firs practices logging management greater evident ponderosa pine areas east side cascades california economic logging efficiency factors developed clear cutting practices northwest early days tremendous cost involved building logging railroads trestles logging camps imperative large volumes timber support investments mobility truck transportation portable spar trees loaders unknown vast areas accessible growth timber major river valleys cut thought management regeneration perplexing anomalies history northwest forest land excellent regeneration early logged areas stripped bare high lead logging generally severely broadcast burned logging practices largely confined coast range river valleys northwest oregon areas remote markets water transportation small mills satisfy local needs shortly war transportation facilities improved trend turned economic selection system cutting finest growth douglas fir leaving smaller sizes considered inferior worthless species western hemlock grand fir western red cedar
inherently low site potential severe soil site problems southern oregon caused foresters timber owners classic systems unsatisfactory results past experience usual harvesting methods problems increased erosion runoff unsightly clear cuts concern public destruction potential recreation sites wildlife habitat combined total lack regeneration clear cut areas forcing land managers public private seek methods harvesting results classic form harvesting methods innovations combinations principles involved earlier systems major federal agencies large timber companies engaged operation size field trials partial cuts growth stands fact company rogue river valley abandoned clear cutting lands favor leaving fifty percent volume cutting overcomes problems enumerated makes logging cutting trees palatable rabid conservationist company foresters call method modified shelter wood system leaves number steps typical method governmental agencies similar techniques harvesting timber sales tend label practices modified seed tree methods advantages concept harvesting include removal inferior species trees inherently undesirable seed sources recovery volume lost mortality protection soil site resources common forest stands providing favorable environment regeneration elimination broadcast slash burning deleterious effects soil runoff erosion site productivity
loading logs truck simple task knowledge skill able run machine lifts logs case loading operator place sized logs proper places bunker tie hold place loads balanced avoid loss loads curves loader operator sense weight species sizes logs loads carry maximum volume weight allowable exceeding legal limits able handle place logs trucks gently truck equipment damaged simplest expensive mechanical loading device frame double set tongs winch set pulleys cables small tractor team horses power left logs primitive method simply build log platform bank couple logs rails bank truck logs rolled truck farm woodlot owners loggers virtually heavy equipment capital loading methods modern age highly portable loaders cherry pickers trucks loaders move road logging site pick logs load truck small farm woodlot owners need improvise loading system limited volume timber harvest
stocking numbers trees acre entirely forest inventory purposes reforestation due dealing trees stands ages trees larger older require growing space fewer trees acre reforestation climatic factors recognized affect survival establishment factors evaluated stocking surveys affect rate tree growth study recognize differences sites land trees grow measurement inherent productivity soils environment farmer chooses valuable land crops timberland owner plan operations basis productive capacity land productivity governs rate growth length takes grow crop trees merchantable size forest land owner rate increment growth important economically final total volume capital invested higher interest rate growth profit derived shorter period measure productivity known site quality expressed site index site class based height dominant tallest trees stand age recent research alternate means measuring site quality fit forests density stocking numbers trees acre site quality criteria productivity forest land practically upgrade site quality present conditions
steps intensive level management sanitation cleaning removal pre commercial thinning species managed intermediate commercial cuts final harvest regeneration stand due economic reasons age existing stands applied management programs combined provide rapid growth young stand preliminary selection final crop trees type sanitation removal spraying brush hardwoods chemicals release seedlings advanced reproduction underneath release desired conifers avoid period suppression slow growth case ponderosa pine suppression kill large proportion young stand douglas fir tolerant pine exist underneath comparatively dense stand brush hardwoods eventually fir hardwoods brush turn suppress shade small forest owner manage woodland intensively remove undesirable species hand public agencies type programs job corps camps case investment labor equipment charged cost producing final crop commercial timber owner afford expensive select trees part eventual commercial thinning final harvest remove competing brush hardwoods commercial possibility developing merchantable crop remove conifers deformed falling faster growing dominant dominant trees
donna walked large entrance hall ged testing center nervous feeling beginning stage course donna remembered real beginning sign grocery store window caught eye sentence career experience sentence stuck mind sign led finding information classes adults experience huh donna thought morning slave pete diner home fall bed drag sentence donna thought night school shaky felt ten dropped days didn say word class wrong things mistake felt found class felt wasn reading class wasn difficult fun donna learned faster thought soon ged program today ten months later ready test hoped clock wall brought thoughts noticed bobby marino ged class leaning wall smiled hi taking test donna smiled yes think minutes upstairs
meeting ken nancy night group friends met young married couples twelve later getting thursday night dinner talk tell stories children bowled week al bowl wives met night play cards crowd liked enjoy things bit loud beers night phil reached cup coffee asked hey kenny didn show bowling week conversation stopped eyes including nancy turned kenny face showed uncomfortable personal tell later nancy high pitched voice rang mean later want going bowling nancy explain later tonight don want talk group refused put began kid kenny happening kenny persisted phil belong secret society hey kenny tell want kenny looked wife friends insist didn say wanted surprise night school ron smiled hey kenny terrific classes taking kenny took deep breath replied taking science reading end sentence hung air voice shouted
drink unusual happens drink chemical imbalance systems flare medical problem called alcoholism called alcoholics alcoholics recognize problem immediately drink friendly fun release tension aware condition need alcohol affects aspect lives person suffer condition known blackout means remember events took place drinking family friends cope problem drinker refuse recognize alcoholic ill preferring view drinks cure alcoholism ways alcoholic help face problem acknowledge fact alcoholic alcoholic positive steps solution doctors health counselors help special clinics hospitals provide alcoholic place stay rest nourishment withdrawal alcohol generally called drying period medicine giving alcoholic chance talk professional deals personal problems help alcoholic stop drinking form help alcoholics found group called alcoholics anonymous organization entirely drinking problems
person applies driver license meet requirements learner permit form obtained special office called registry officially known registry motor vehicles requirements learner permit vary learner permit persons sixteen half older driver practical experience learn drive vehicle vehicles license cover places high schools driver education programs benefit going type program experience small fee course teaches rules regulations person order pass written test schools provide experience special car extra equipment cars sets brakes special dual control equipment helps teacher control car student driver makes mistake high school driver education course lower rate car insurance driver education going driving school schools listed yellow pages telephone book ads local newspapers school regular business prepares pass driving tests business charge fee cost covers spent actual driving helping student prepare written test learn drive going practice relative friend
paul hamilton night school signed course photography nights high school wasn sure expect teacher phil downs real camera buff learned cameras army classroom filled quickly phil called names attendance jenny morgan paul hamilton rose lopez yes present bill neil phil continued call roll paul looked room students group paul looked forward coming class week hear shutter speeds timed exposures facts picture taking learned soon weekend pictures city strange deliberately saturday morning walk streets looking interesting subjects photograph saturday paul woke half hour later usual decided car nearby park stagnant pond middle pulled side road noticed woman car trouble excuse woman kneeling appeared flat tire need help woman stood smiled paul hamilton jenny morgan photography class high school don need help company change flat paul face creased broad grin thought slim woman changing flat tire jenny explained park pictures cut tire jagged rock
due dental clinic toothache mysteriously disappears week leave pain throbbing part symptoms leaning machine sharp pain jaw guess aspirin fix thought proceeded shop dispensary tiny white pain killer shop nurse crisp white uniform unfriendly helen told symptoms think dentist wrinkled nose suggestion child talk mother teeth checked cleaned school clinic say suggested mrs hanson continued urging taking care teeth important actually preventive medicine important general health nurse going satisfied agreed assured call dentist soon home impossible continue working hour passed pain bad straight took bus home tried putting hot towel cheek helped phoned local family health service woman answered concerned tooth problem dentist won able morning night tooth throbbed thought children toothaches words echoed head
civil war united states warships built wood confederates covered wooden warship merrimack iron plates spies north learned confederate ship frightened possibilities north built iron ship named monitor march merrimack sailed norfolk virginia attack wooden warships cumberland congress stationed james river newport news iron ship easily sank wooden ships protect position james river union brought iron ship monitor march iron ships began battle change history ship battle clear victory ships prove iron ships north bring monitor protect position james river answer question understand effect relationship involved question tells happened asks find looking paragraph find statement confederate ship merrimack easily sank wooden ships wooden ships defeat merrimack union sailors hope protect bringing iron ship monitor answer explain fact find effect relationship paragraph told iron ships began battle change history effect thinking understand produced effect sentence read civil war united states warships built wood
imagine block cement resting body neck knees stand unable change position struggle free depression strong kind sadness block cement body force comes person force weighs person person depressed things suppose love dies feel saddened loss sadness beginning depression person loses job wants beginning depression feeling completely unloved try picture holiday eve birthday celebrating loneliness person sinking depression depressed experiences listed depression forms depression person form depression feeling tired person feels want sleep lot sleep person hide escape sadness unhappiness feels depression worse person loses energy ambition begins feel
study hydraulics deals characteristics liquids beginning fluids ease burden hard imagine caveman floating river astride log wife towing children belongings aboard log rope twisted vines earliest recorded history shows devices pumps water wheels known ancient times century branch hydraulics concerned based principle discovered french scientist pascal relates confined fluids transmitting power multiplying force modifying motions pascal law simply stated says pressure applied confined fluid transmitted directions acts equal force equal areas angles precept explains full glass bottle break stopper forced full chamber liquid practically non compressible transmits force applied stopper container fig result exceedingly higher force larger area stopper break bottom pushing stopper moderate force simplicity pascal law prevented realizing tremendous potential centuries early stages industrial revolution british mechanic named joseph utilized pascal discovery developing hydraulic press decided small force small area create proportionally larger force larger area limit force machine exert area pressure applied
inlet pump charged oil difference pressure reservoir pump inlet pressure reservoir atmospheric pressure psi absolute gauge partial vacuum reduced pressure pump inlet create flow figure shows typical situation hydraulic jack pump simply reciprocating piston intake stroke piston creates partial vacuum pumping chamber atmospheric pressure reservoir pushes oil chamber fill void rotary pump successive pumping chambers increase size pass inlet effectively creating identical void condition pull complete vacuum pump inlet psi push oil practically pressure difference thing liquids vaporize vacuum puts gas bubbles oil bubbles carried pump collapsing considerable force exposed load pressure outlet causing damage impair pump operation reduce oil vapor pressure characteristics hydraulic oils low inlet line pressure high vacuum permits air dissolved oil released oil mixture collapses exposed load pressure damage driving pump high speed increases velocity inlet line increases low pressure condition increasing possibility cavitation inlet line fittings tight air atmospheric pressure forced lower pressure area line carried pump
noted term hydraulics derived greek word water assumed correctly science hydraulics encompasses device operated water water wheel turbine fig instance hydraulic device distinction devices utilize impact momentum moving liquid operated pushing confined fluid pressure properly speaking hydraulic device impact kinetic energy liquid transmit power called device device operated force applied confined liquid called hydrostatic device pressure force applied distributed area exposed expressed force unit area lbs sq psi course illustrations shown fact systems equipment covered manual hydrostatic operate pushing confined liquid transferring energy pressure pressure results resistance fluid flow force attempts fluid flow tendency flow push supplied mechanical pump caused simply weight fluid known body water pressure increases depth pressure equal depth due weight water pascal italian scientist named torricelli proved hole bottom tank water water runs fastest tank full flow rate decreases water level lowers
seamless steel tubing offers significant advantages pipe hydraulic plumbing tubing bent shape easier sealing problems number joints reduced low volume systems tubing handle higher pressure flow bulk weight expensive fittings required tube connections tubing size specification refers diameter tubing inch increments inch inch inch increments inch wall thicknesses size inside diameter previously noted equals diameter wall thickness tubing sealed threads kinds fittings fig fittings seal metal metal contact known compression fittings flared type rings comparable seals addition threaded fittings flanged fittings welded larger sized tubing degree flare fitting common fitting tubing flared fittings shown fig seal squeezing flared end tube seal compression nut tightened sleeve extension nut supports tube damp vibration standard degree flare fitting high pressures inverted design male threads compression nut tubing flared simply avoid need flaring sleeve compression fittings views ring compression fittings view
hydraulic lines susceptible vibration shock fluid flowing suddenly stopped reversed leakage caused loosening hardening joints lines supported intervals clamps brackets supports fittings ease assembly disassembly soft materials wood plastic purpose number special considerations relating function lines mentioned pump inlet port larger outlet accommodate larger intake line practice maintain size entire length pump inlet line large short avoid bends number fittings inlet line minimum vacuum pump inlet inlet line connections tight air enter system return lines restrictions pressure build resulting wasted power adequate line sizes assure low flow rates fittings bends held minimum loose return lines let air system aspiration lines tight empty oil level prevent splashing lines actuators speed control valves short rigid precise flow control flexible hose installed kinking machine operation slack present relieve strain permit absorption pressure surges twisting hose unusually loops undesirable clamps required avoid chafing tangling moving parts
silicone wider temperature range buna popular material rotating shaft seals static seals systems run cold hot retains shape sealing ability generally satisfactory high temperature silicone tends absorb oil swell disadvantage static applications silicone reciprocating seals tears easily silicone seals compatible fluids fire resistant fluids petroleum earliest elastomers hydraulic system sealing neoprene tough material limited low temperature systems petroleum fluids neoprene unsuitable sealing material tendency cook sealing materials synthesized combining fluorine plastic include teflon nylon synthetic material similar properties combination elastomers give reinforcement nylon teflon rings sealing materials teflon course tape form sealing pipe joints exceptionally high heat resistance compatible fluids noted designs straight thread connectors welded flanges susceptible leakage pipe connections mounting valves pipe connections permanently mounting plate difference preventing leakage making easier service valve fig valves built today mounted design term gasket mounted originally applied design gaskets mounted valves
optional equipment includes piston ring seals rapid cycling operations cylinder cushions decelerate load end stroke stop tubes prevent excessive bearing loads due side loading extended rod cylinder cushions fig installed ends cylinder slow end stroke prevent piston hammering end cap begins tapered cushion ring plunger enters cap begins restrict exhaust flow barrel port final fraction stroke exhaust oil discharge adjustable orifice cushion feature includes check valve bypass orifice return stroke stop tube fig spacer cylinder rod piston cylinders stroke stop tube increasing minimum distance piston rod bushing support side loading rod minimizing chances rod bearing failure motor rotary hydraulic actuator motors closely resemble pumps construction pushing fluid pump output members hydraulic system pushed fluid develop torque continuous rotating motion inlet outlet ports times pressurized hydraulic motors externally drained hydraulic motors rated according displacement size torque capacity maximum pressure limitations displacement amount fluid motor accept turning revolution fig words capacity chamber multiplied number chambers mechanism
gear motor fig develops torque pressure surfaces gear teeth gears mesh rotate gear coupled drive shaft motor reversible reversing flow displacement gear motor fixed roughly equal volume teeth multiplied number teeth evident figure gears balance respect pressure loads high pressure inlet low pressure outlet result high side loads shaft gears bearings support balance side loading internal passages ports place pressure conditions degrees type balancing found vane motors figure gear motors type frequently limited psi operating pressure rpm range principal advantages simplicity high dirt tolerance offset lower efficiency current emphasis higher performance sophisticated filtering equipment trend piston type motors machinery mobile equipment applications vane motor torque developed pressure exposed surfaces rectangular vanes slide slots rotor splined driveshaft fig rotor turns vanes follow surface cam ring forming sealed chambers carry fluid inlet outlet balanced design shown fig pressure build port directed interconnected chambers wtihin motor located side loads generated oppose cancel
high performance vane motor fig later design balanced vane motor develops torque square motor significant construction design vanes held ring coil springs entire assembly ring rotor vanes side plates removable replaceable unit fig fact preassembled tested cartridges field replacement motors reversible reversing flow ports side plates function alternately pressure plates fig depending direction flow design balanced vane motor series high torque low speed motor fig sizes size operates rpm actual torque capacity pound feet double version produces pound feet adaptable screw drives mixer drives heavy conveyors turntables dumping units winches tremendous torque capabilities advantage piston motors generate torque pressure ends reciprocating pistons operating cylinder block inline design fig motor driveshaft cylinder block centered axis pressure ends pistons reaction plate drives cylinder block motor shaft rotation torque proportional area pistons function angle plate positioned motors built fixed displacement fig variable displacement models fig plate angle determines displacement
pressure control valves perform functions limiting maximum system pressure regulating reduced pressure portions circuit functions result change operating pressure operation based balance pressure spring force infinite positioning valves assume positions fully closed fully open depending flow rate pressure differential pressure controls named primary function relief valve sequence valve brake valve classified type connections size pressure operating range valves covered chapter typical pressure controls industrial systems relief valve found virtually hydraulic system closed valve connected pressure line pump outlet reservoir purpose limit pressure system preset maximum diverting pump output tank pressure setting reached simple direct acting relief valve fig consist ball poppet held seated valve body heavy spring pressure inlet insufficient overcome force spring valve remains closed preset pressure reached ball poppet forced seat flow outlet tank pressure maintained valves adjusting screw provided vary spring force valve set open pressure range pressure valve begins divert flow called cracking pressure
motor speed load pressure holds brake valve open load tries run happens pressure falls motor inlet remote control pressure passage view spring force tends close valve increasing pressure turn raises drive line pressure motor small piston holding valve proper metering position maintain constant motor speed directional valve neutral inertia motor continue rotating motor stops turning operate pump drawing fluid reservoir directional valve circulating brake valve pressure motor outlet tending bring stop required small piston overcome brake valve setting rc valves built sizes pipe threaded gasket mounted flange connections rated flow capacity ranges size models pressure adjustments limited psi psi operating pressure permissible sequence valves built stage versions similar balanced piston relief valve fig construction differs relief valve drain passage pilot stage external stem balanced piston operation primary system passage connected piston land secondary system connected bottom port sequencing occurs primary system pressure psi higher pilot valve cracking pressure modifications compound sequence valve provide throttling characteristics secondary system
volume flow control valves regulate speed developed earlier chapters speed actuator depends oil pumped unit regulate flow variable displacement pump circuits practical fixed displacement pump regulate flow volume control valve basic methods applying volume control valves control actuator speeds meter meter bleed meter operation flow control valve pump actuator fig controls amount fluid going actuator pump delivery excess metered amount diverted tank relief valve flow control valve installed cylinder line shown flow controlled direction check valve included flow control parallel return flow desired control speed directions flow control installed pump outlet line prior directional valve meter method highly accurate applications load continually resists movement actuator raising vertical cylinder load pushing load controlled speed meter control fig load tend run flow control located restrict exhaust flow actuator regulate speed directions valve installed tank line directional valve control needed direction line actuator directional valve
applications principles components manual innumerable combinations components systems impossible illustrate sampling hydraulic circuits chapter typical systems industrial machinery illustrate basic principles applying hydraulics kinds circuits presented cutaway pictorial diagrams ease oil flow graphical diagrams shown circuits presented aid understanding symbols unloading circuit system pump outlet diverted tank low pressure part cycle pump unloaded conditions times exceed input power simply avoid wasting power generating heat idle periods desirable combine delivery pumps speed cylinder advancing low pressure high speed longer required pressure rises point combined volume exceed input horsepower larger pumps unloaded figure view shows arrangement components system flow condition low pressure oil large volume pump passes unloading valve check valve combine low volume pump output condition continues system pressure lower setting unloading valve view system pressure exceeds setting unloading valve opens permitting large volume pump discharge tank pressure check valve closes preventing flow pressure line unloading valve
systems hold pressure end cycle unload pump automatically relief valve figure shows system cam operated pilot valve vent relief valve machine cycle begins solenoid spring offset directional valve energized pump output cap end cylinder vent line directional valve blocked cam operated pilot valve note pilot valve flow paths usual end extension stroke limit switch contacted cam cylinder rod break solenoid circuit directional valve shifted retract cylinder relief valve vent connection blocked end retraction stroke cam cylinder opens pilot valve relief valve vent port connected line cap end cylinder valve vented inline check valve directional valve angle check valve pilot pressure directional valve maintained determined spring loads balanced piston relief valve vent line check valve tank line check valve circuit high vent spring relief valve eliminated need angle check valve start button depressed energizes solenoid directional valve shifts direct pump output cap end cylinder check valve vent line close relief valve pressure builds cycle repeated
methods making transition rapid advance slower feed speed meter circuit shown figure view valve piped parallel meter flow control rapid advance exhaust flow cylinder rod end passes freely valve cam closes valve oil path flow control retract cylinder oil rod end flows freely check valve valve view parallel flow path flow control valve spring offset solenoid operated directional valve valve free return flow solenoid energized feed position reached limit switch tripped breaks solenoid circuit directional valve shifts block exhaust flow flow control separate check valve provided free flow cylinder rapid return stroke leakage past sliding spools valve shown view directional valve view affect feed rate view shows transition pilot operated check valve low leakage characteristics extremely accurate feed rates required pilot pressure check valve supplied supplied offset directional valve directional valve solenoid energized check valve opened allow free flow cylinder rod ned tripping limit switch feed position breaks solenoid circuit vents check valve pilot line allowing poppet seat exhaust flow forced pass flow control
real wealth nation meet needs wants money automobiles television sets thousand things everyday imagine car cost produced henry ford model produced ford producing machine tools quarter million cars price car half price earlier goods produce distribute cost lower standard living higher machine tools able increase production things need everyday hand tool skillfully guided hand hammers screwdrivers files chisels examples hand tools fig machine tools include power driven machines types sizes capable cutting forming metal parts want electric motors driving machines moving parts automatically fig machine tools powerful substitute human strength skill eli whitney mentioned reminded cotton gin invention important compares contribution development mass production eli whitney gunsmith fit part musket individually
simplest machine lever teeter totter familiar lever weight balances small child sits end board large boy small child goes large boy goes large boy moves close center board small child able raise large boy ground leverage mechanical advantage types machines machine tools basic parts levers fulcrum force resistance classes levers shown fig location fulcrum fixed pivot point relationship resistance weight effort force determine lever class teeter totter class lever class lever fulcrum end effort applied end class lever effort applied fulcrum resistance wheel axle wheel fastened rod steering wheel automobile actually special form lever weight resisting force applied axle effort applied rim wheel pulleys machinery transmit motion power speeds obtained large small pulleys watched delivery move heavy round object barrel truck extends plank platform truck ground rolls barrel
aluminum seldom pure form alloyed metals form strong lightweight metal aluminum silvery color alloys specific purposes alloys making castings bar shapes sizes aluminum extensively light weight easy workability appearance high resistance corrosion desirable properties alloying elements magnesium copper nickel silicon added alloy stronger low carbon steel produced basic methods identifying steels number system color scheme method spark test method society automotive engineers sae american iron steel institute aisi developed numerical systems classifying steel systems identical aisi system bit comprehensive includes letter preceding number tells kind furnace steel basic open hearth alloy steel acid bessemer carbon steel basic open hearth carbon steel acid open hearth carbon steel electric furnace steel basic numbering system steel includes digits digit type steel steel belongs carbon steel nickel steel digit approximate percentage principle alloy elements digits approximate carbon content hundredths percent steel nickel steel approximately percent nickel percent called points carbon
size hammer determined weight head varies ounces oz pounds lb ball peen hammer weighing lb layout soft faced hammers heads rawhide brass lead plastic strike finished parts tap machine parts repair assembly soft head hammers called mallets fig hammer kind grip end handle head allow control important learn hold tool correctly hold ball bat tennis racket correctly fig scriber sharp pointed tool drawing scribing lines metal workpieces important layout tool types simple scriber slender tool steel rod sharp point ends end bent angle reach difficult places knurled handle larger diameter scriber easier handling fig pocket scriber consists handle removable scriber point point reversed handle tool carried apron pocket attempt carry sharp pointed scriber pocket injury points hardened tempered order cut line metals point sharp clean sharp line
file fitted handle dangerous file handle sharp tang puncture hand reason control file handle fig types file handles type screws type driven screw type preferred machinists slip file clean brush file direction teeth file card file card stiff wire brush mounted wooden handle small chips remain file teeth called pushed metal piece wire flattened end comes file card soft piece metal fig files separated don throw files drawer bench prevent teeth dull files stored rack keeps separated chalk file teeth rubbing ordinary blackboard chalk face file help prevent metal clogging wedged teeth teeth clogged produce deep scratches workpiece means harder longer produce job especially important file clean chalked filing nonferrous metals copper brass aluminum files moisture water prevent rust file pry bar
tapping threads completely short hole tapered tap needed hole longer distance full depth threads taper tap plug tap required plug tap generally ordinary machine shop threads cut bottom blind hole hole bottoming tap bottoming taps finish cut thread bottom hole plug tap fig taps thread diameter number threads stamped tap stamped thread diameter threads inch means coarse taps held turned adjustable tap wrench handle tap wrench fig handle tap wrench small size taps adjustable tap wrench larger taps types wrenches sizes taps easily broken wrench large sense feel greatly reduced lost large wrench small tap die cut threads bolt rod type thread die called adjustable split die fig die adjusted cut thread kind fit desired loose snug tight split dies setscrew die setscrew
drilling looks simple lot learn fig feel feed handle tells tool cutting correctly sound drill tells cutting freely tool laboring appearance chips shows drill grinding correctly sharp dull fig holes smaller drilled straight shank twist drills held drill chuck lay lines angles intersect center location hole mark point prick punch enlarge prick punch mark center punch drill start easily remember chisel edge dead center drill cut punch mark permits drill enter cutting edges begin cutting select correct size drill shown drawing print look size stamped shank size worn check drill drill size gage measure margins micrometer fig insert drill chuck tighten chuck key fig start drill press check sure drill running straight drill bent shank badly worn chuck center adjust drill press correct speed fasten workpiece drill vise directly table bolts clamps step blocks fig
completely automatic turret lathe invented christopher spencer shortly civil war spencer inventor repeating rifle union army built lathe expressly turning metal machine screws automatically fig key feature brain wheel spencer called actually wheel series cams fed tool withdrew cut finished turned turret present tool spencer credited development multiple spindle lathe automatic screw machine produced small screws coiled wire fed continuously machine familiar names principal parts lathe construction help understand lathe works type understand instructions receive teacher employer lathe perform operations common operations facing straight turning taper turning parting necking knurling thread forming fig lathe size determined swing length bed fig swing distance live center point spindle top bed largest diameter turned ways lathe lathe turn diameter workpiece ways carriage cross feed slide numbers swing swing bed swing cross slide
tool bits lathe basic materials water hardening steels high speed steels hard cast nonferrous alloys cemented ceramics diamonds selection material depends factors including tool cost cost size design tool metal removal rate length run finish tolerance part condition capability machine tool factors material selection based general experience precise evaluation general characteristics cutting tool materials understand include high carbon tool steels plain carbon minor additions chromium tungsten grades water hardening tool steels classed steels american iron steel institute system classification tools materials sharp smooth cutting edges properly heat treated adequate limited turning low cutting speed low speed equipment flat belt lathe main limitation tools water hardening steels soften cutting edge temperature exceeds approximately sharpening cutting disadvantage low resistance edge wear high speed steels offer improvement cutting efficiency water hardening tool steels tools high speed steel retain hardness machine rapid rates tool temperature reaches dull red heat cooling room temperature original hardness steels change wear resistance high speed steels carbon alloy steels
term taper defined gradual lessening diameter thickness piece end amount taper length found subtracting size small end size large end taper expressed amount taper foot length angle find taper foot piece diameter small end diameter large end amount taper minus equals length taper taper length length taper find piece diameter small end diameter large end amount taper length taper equal foot ways turn taper include setting taper attachment compound rest forming tool setting simplest method turning taper method school shops remember lathe consists parts lower part fits ways bed upper part movable turn tapers upper part set amount needed cut taper
turning boring small diameter workpieces extra support prevent piece springing bending extra support eliminate chattering attachments steady rest center rest follower rest steady rest supports turning boring threading operations fig diameter machined supported steady rest fig base steady rest clamped lathe bed ways adjustable jaws hold workpiece exact position simplest steady set bronze jaws purpose fig telescopic type steady rest bronze tipped jaws wheels fig place workpiece centers carefully turn short section center closer remove workpiece lathe move carriage end clamp steady rest bed center workpiece open top steady rest swing replace workpiece adjust steady rest accurate positioning steady rest jaws important jaws form true bearing allowing turn freely play adjust bottom jaws top jaw cellophane paper jaws obtain proper clearance jaws properly adjusted tighten adjusting screw lock nuts jaw clamp screws turn half workpiece desired size sure apply lubricant bearing surfaces
shaper rotary motion motor reciprocating motion ram fig motor delivers power pulley attached small gear called pinion driving gear pinion turns large bull gear attached bull gear crank pin fits hole sliding block sliding block turn fits slide rocker arm rocker arm connected base ram hinge pins crank pin bull gear revolves sliding block forced move slide forces rocker arm swing hinge pins arc forcing ram move takes times ram move power stroke move return stroke position sliding block slide determines length stroke fig crank pin fits sliding block fastened block operates radial slide bull gear position block adjusted turning stroke length control crank pin moved center bull gear distance rocker arm moves shortened turn shortens stroke ram larger shapers driven ram shaper moved oil pressure developed pump driven electric motor
surface grinder produces finished flat surfaces means revolving abrasive wheel fig common type rectangular worktable moves abrasive wheel wheel mounted horizontal spindle machine operated manually mechanical hydraulic controls workpieces held magnetic table fig size surface grinder determined according capacity grind workpiece fig machine cross feed table travels longitudinally distance vertical distance top table bottom standard wheel determining factor major parts surface grinder shown fig table mounted saddle moved cross feed longitudinal feed table top machined slots fastening chuck vise holding device power longitudinal feed machines machines equipped power cross feed wheel head support grinding wheel spindle bearings control grinder movements fig elevating moves grinding wheel vertically controls depth cut cross feed moves table transverse movement models cross feed direction control lever power operation cross feed table move table longitudinally hand power feed table handle lever engages power feed
workpiece mounted cylindrical grinder lathe held centers fig chuck fig workpiece directly machine spindle fig table taper attachment graduated scale end scale graduated degrees scale left inches foot straight grinding table set degrees powered direct current motor variable speed control speeds varied rpm speed selected diameter ground determine actual speed set rpm diameter workpiece speed equal approximately generally steel hardened materials ground slower speeds non ferrous alloys soft metals ground higher speeds speeds rough grinding higher finish grinding note low speeds permit increased depth cut infeed traverse speed table proportion width wheel finish desired slow table speed fine finishes faster table feed roughing cuts rapid stock removal table traverse fourths wheel width revolution set table dogs wheel runs
numerical control simply means directing functions machine automatically coded instructions numerical control commonly denoted nc automatic control machines means electrical devices receive operating instructions prepared tape punched tape human operator tape supplies coded form dimensional data drawing part produced fig nc additional steps inserted preparation engineering drawing machining part steps programming tape preparation fig programming writing move machine producing part requires knows machining practices familiar cutting characteristics material part think step machining part determine speeds feeds path tool instruct machine turn coolant turn operations machinist instructions called format written special readily converted punched tape punched tape turn read control unit operates machine according instructions sees numerical control equipment capable complex accurate offers economic advantages fixture requirements minimized machine flexibility increased changing pieces require changing tape numerical control machine tools developed response aerospace industry need machining techniques produce complicated components modern planes spacecraft accurately faster cost conventional metalworking techniques
turn end chapter read actively summary questions chapter summary outline important points heart chapter questions end chapter geared material author thinks important try relate ideas summary questions information gathered title introduction read murder mysteries told look page book spoil discover murderer takes suspense excitement book study want able predict author ideas actually read selection summary separates fat meat highlights actually read chapter fourth read think subtitle relate title introduction information end chapter subsection read actively trying correlate read read actively sentence paragraph subsection sentences paragraphs necessarily main idea sentences reading sentences furnish main points author makes don concerned provide information background help redo steps subsection words read think subtitle read sentence paragraph subsection
impartial witness accident insists accident fault company held responsible damage person liability coverage policy transfers risk firm insurance company firm insurance company attempt settle liability claims limits policy policy instance insurance company responsible liability coverage exceeding claimant accident limits raised lowered depending amount money firm willing pay insurance protection driver fault insurance coverage permitted continue driving fifty states financial responsibility laws result suspension driver license auto registration person responsible accident demonstrate financial responsibility financial responsibility demonstrated able pay damage carrying adequate insurance pay point skirted sticky problem determining driver fault witnesses lawyers driver spend months trying solve problem courts overloaded cases producing delays states helped solve problem adopting fault auto insurance fault laws differ states provide insurance companies pay claims insure regardless fault additionally laws provide personal law suits injury involved
answering question let step main idea paragraph answer point factors contribute memory techniques mentioned author develop information answer enumeration author numbered named spoke briefly memory factor turn try exercise read paragraph discover technique author developing point born poor parents middle city ghetto young conscious played street block contained kids began odd jobs earn school hated couldn wait school end sorts school jobs quit school sixteen worked full helper restaurant twenty joined navy felt uncrowded left navy didn want run realized training enrolled school barbers graduated married working barber opened shop string twelve shops
gary interested cars acquired reputation expert auto mechanic author point simply gary acquired reputation expert auto mechanic say adding words set commas wants understand background helped gary auto mechanic interested cars interest cars adds main point part point commas type punctuation colon signals information help reader understand general statement colon functions major enumeration explanation suzanne couldn raise sack heavy words colon provide information suzanne unable raise sack words colon explain heavy types vehicles crowd highways small delivery trucks large interstate moving vans buses small foreign cars house enumeration helps understand thought colon author examples help idea clearer important function colon signify examples explanations follow signposts determine full speed ahead reader recognizes question marks important reading aid gears mind looking answer periods course momentary halt thought exercises follow try aware signposts reading road
john smiled happily birthday celebrate girlfriend joan dinner friends ted harry john joan walked blocks restaurant corner main met boys delicious dinner imagine embarrassment ted harry found didn money pay bill john save chipping details story birthday celebration planned involved distance restaurant embarrassing incident restaurant details significant unimportant certainly fact boys didn money important exact location restaurant important details important details main point details details help story line let examine details story important story line superfluous details important indispensable plot story details minor incidental story details changed eliminated basic plot remain able distinguish significant insignificant details read recognize details equal importance efficient reader pay attention important details read important details carefully attentively
examples governing mentioned paragraph middle ages exercise power viewed function duty god imposed ruler worthy prince skillful scribe competent smith industrious peasant servant community govern protect lives property committed care direct activities live virtuous lives authority exercised manner exercised contrary welfare community tyranny true government responsible government definition authority exercised accordance totality laws human divine geographical advantages europe mentioned paragraph europe predestined nature home embracing civilization region globe possesses degree rare geographical advantages area true europe impressive deserve called separate continent irregular peninsula thrust land formation eurasia lies center eurasian land mass faces americas climate especially western half variable extreme makes ideal forms agriculture deserts soil generally fertile rainfall adequate convoluted coastline extensive inlets baltic mediterranean seas carry moderating effect ocean inland numerous excellent harbors navigable rivers created convenience shipping promotion commerce
look page items recite memory account improvement words random order difficult memorize recognized word referred household item put item meaningful group according area house found association help remember list divided columns representing kitchen bedroom living room garden easier remember find understand main idea paragraph remember relate supporting details matter fact learn learned association grasp idea readily associate experience vicarious actual past information meshes familiar knowledge visualization helps create strong vivid memory try picture mind wish remember try remember seeing face mind associating remember important date history battle peace meeting inauguration picturing scene mind date big letters front visualization try visualize scene read try remember gracie bride lifeboat offered helping hand sagged lower sea water slopped keel
northern california growing chain redwood parks owes existence distinct groups share desire preserve outstanding groves redwood taking leadership save redwoods league non profit organization league worked diligently seek groves preservation negotiate raise funds purchase redwood lumber industry withheld prime timberlands cutting schedules paying taxes decades instances funds raised acquire groves park group california sighted program park acquisition park management statistically half redwood park area donated purchased donated funds read paragraph looking kinds wrenches special advantage concentrate associate visualize order set wrenches prime necessity pipe fitting proper size purpose enables mechanic job quickly damage monkey wrench nuts valves unions fitted flat parallel surfaces position fitted turning adjustment screw jaws grip firmly handle moved wrench pipes special surface finish scarred slipped pipe loosely jaws closed gradually adjustment nut teeth jaws grip pipe handle moved tightening tend crush pipe
small bulb known capacity weighed filled air small amount volatile liquid introduced bulb bath temperature boiling point liquid bulb evaporation liquid drives air excess vapor amount required fill bulb allowed escape temperature vapor bulb bath pressure bulb atmospheric pressure bulb sealed weighed corrections weight air bulb weighed weight bulb empty obtained step rank measures height assigning rank largest rank case smallest intermediate ranks scores extremes tied scores confusion handled logical manner tied filled rank positions split points assign average rank case triple tie ranks assigned average rank case careful ranking measure skip rank accounted similar fashion rank set measures weights method suggests fill column differences ranks ignoring minus signs
newspapers devices distort news instance play account favor side play objectivity supposed reign say important issue play zodiac killer story times respect murders catastrophes occurs reporters daily accounts small military engagements vietnam importance accounts page headlines newspapers relegated pages news played reasons common reason ordinary happened manchester los daily news remarked ambitions print headline stating important news today didn flashy newspapers raise ordinary headline status important newspapers employ tinged words frequently reporting news editorials john roche pointed interesting kind political columns august noticed volunteers army referred correctly volunteers volunteers armies referred mercenaries voiced objection statements khmer group american trained mercenaries providing cadres royal army
main woods making bows bow entirely piece material contrast laminated bow pieces wood materials glued smoothest shooting bow wood yew type cedar grows pacific northwest rare expensive market conditions coming obsolescence yew makes wonderful longbow especially target archery soon forgotten records left imprint centuries yew bow sapwood bow elastic quality heartwood compression belly side hunting bow constructed osage orange bois arc hardwood tree called planted rows hedges farms ranging indiana texas tree thorny develops warty green fruit size grapefruit selection wood bows presents problems manufacture wood extremely hard sawing planning difficult scraping sanding resorted wood compression tension belly bow backed wood hickory elastic material short bows osage orange withstand abuse hunting conditions especially target bow rough hand tends kick recoil
read foreign language verbalize sound letters reading thinking reader understand author thoughts merely words words intermediary step score music author expresses thoughts meaningful groups words meaningful phrases word means boy means run means put words thought meaning sentence boy runs think idea boy runs expression points expression read means understand reading understanding making sense symbols definition reading relate called speed reading reading understanding speed reading speed understanding increase reading rate increase rate understand materials title section improving reading rate mention comprehension title means improving rate understanding read fast think fast concentrate order drive sixty miles hour high gear reading words ideas racing car neutral fast fast person read asking asking fast person drive answer information kind road driving weather emergency simply admire scenery actually answer question fast drive depends depends difficulty driving conditions driving
tell experiences chairman board sequoyah industries gross hundred million dollars hope hundred fifty million dollars reach close ago started small million dollars worth business primary goal company provide job opportunities indian town called oklahoma didn money help lot needed raise sixty thousand dollars talking help needed establish industry wanted give indians chance group breakfast hoping jump say put thousand hundred moved finally young auto supply dealer stood say thinking don think industry succeed employ indians indians lazy indians drink booze payday drunk days don think successful employing visited banker loaned thousand dollars assets age lot faith talked borrowing money didn don shame re going lose worked
don want maybe want rich paul big goal won mean terms happiness quality maybe want big important respected pretty goal think mind boil wouldn gave fellow human chance quality goal easily attain story happened opened plant opening ceremony united states senator congressman governor taking plant son john age proud dad chairman board plant excited john wasn excited lad size boy father indian lived welfare held job months duration guy wasn smartest plant job technical standing straight tall job roll carpet final drying oven tie string end son boy remember seeing brothers sisters stand food commodity line county commissioners don eat
country memory experts conducting seminars workshops help improve memory author book professor irwin conducts memory workshop groups business students general public helped hundreds improve memories fantastically feel practice worth fortunately unfortunately percent material covered college classes memory task concept development students memory skills grades effort memory composed factors input storage retrieval input achieved senses information enters physiological system sense organs hear smell touch taste sense impression translated impulses travel nervous system brain normal conditions stored problem senses perceive information incorrectly damaged influence alcohol drugs psychologically conditioned incorrect information translated carried brain stored brain holding information correctly incorrectly perceived holds future retrieval times tried remember tip tongue remember need retrieval system memory workshops device retrieval technique
basic reading build vocabulary words recognize understand easier read stopping wondering going writers trying difficult big unusual words writers draw large vocabulary variety writing expanding supply words improve chances understanding appreciating read rich vocabulary limiting words small group familiar step improving vocabulary course recognizing meaning word say sort means figuring need find exactly words mean short run paying attention words don save run won ways find meanings words learn context clues sentences give meanings words word don look parts word parts meanings learn difference word means word suggests makes feel learn difference words mean close thing shades meaning learn dictionary find meanings easily list words want add vocabulary
looked meanings words bicycle instance means wheeled vehicle animal antelope spiral horns studying point denotation word word literally means words kind meaning surface meaning word black denotes darkest color lack light going denotation understand black beautiful business black hand wouldn want known black sheep family think heart black simple color wide range meanings depending mean implied suggested meaning word words similar denotations words column left denote person opposite gender male case knowing words helps understand language fully list female girl chick woman lady interchangeably words share similar denotations ignore differences words commenting social behavior inaccurate referred physician lady doctor signify doctor sex woman accurate
depending complete purposes dictionaries vary length unabridged dictionaries try include information words language half million thousands pages dictionary class home involve pocket dictionary small book designed give words american heritage dictionary page discussion help improve dictionary skills words top dictionary page words dictionary arranged alphabetical order guide words tell words expect page lefthand guide word tells word page hand guide word tells word page wanted look salad lefthand guide word safeguard hint word sal comes righthand guide word salient comes word guide words word appears heavy black letters kind type called bold type periods show put hyphen case break word end line writing main entry course correct spelling groups letters coming main entry tell say word words cough bough spelling helpful telling pronounce words letters parentheses slanted lines dictionaries stand special sounds
let history basketball history civilization record monday night left half york pro summer league game packers ka xavier high school manhattan al skinner late philadelphia fouled nancy dominion lady monarchs beat inside line sank pair small free throws woman giant free throws granted york pro summer league pickup game notable pros nate ray williams mitch lloyd free marvin barnes drop mix likes nathaniel dean players merely staying shape trying set shot big auditioning spot overseas team common receive standard salary cold sodas game male nice girl league original scenario america sweetheart end month led women basketball team olympic gold medal boycott ruined plan began evolve month paul williamson principal manhattan real estate firm founders fledgling league suggested agent matt numbers clients reggie jackson tom join league improve skills shape season
key tasks school read information longer works textbooks biology math business courses offer hundred pages material professor require read play ask read article journal assign book treats subject course special read book information effective preview techniques explained section preview book look table contents found front book table contents list names chapters pages begin book divided parts information appears table contents study names chapters idea section book deals topics relate table contents detailed find listing topics treated chapter look preface coming table contents preface called essay author reasons writing book preface personal message reader preface idea kind reader author writing aims book author expects learn result reading topics book approaches topics
paragraphs important units thought essays books read figuring meaning meanings paragraph basic challenge reader helpful clue meaning lies writer arranges information paragraph paragraph information appears patterns easy recognize typical paragraph patterns information find easier understand read course writer follows pattern rigidly essay book chapter patterns single paragraph fact overlap combine aware typical patterns reading selection help follow writer thoughts ideas paragraph ideas put order happened mind sequence idea follows relates event idea comes order tell story explain southwestern desert late cavalry needed animal capable covering vast distances need food water major henry constantine ways cavalry officer decided perfect solution camel proceeded read subject camels breeds habits history compared climates american southwest middle east finding similar studies finished major wayne wrote formal proposal war department washington eventually plan read senator jefferson davis student history acquainted role camels played middle east
based van concern damage city rainstorm based statement chief town idea interest urban planning clear acted strangely giving job company leave jobs pays evidence believe slightly insane underpaid found midst heavy downpour conclude special interest tropical storms answer fair conclusion question question able conclusions drawn paragraph van sixty suddenly resigned job thought important generalize actions say suggest age stop person making major based harry van action developed general rule late change careers find meaningful general statement agree information paragraph supports generalization question answer correct statements question generalizations reason believe true based information selection general rule tropical storms van benefited ride heavy rains helped important decision
turn clock schools getting education fun meant education hard boring phonics arithmetic literature geometry history languages taught traditional students emerge educated persons students educated need special tutoring pass specific courses college entrance exams tests cold average college college material special program education produce results produced textbooks classroom lessons homework tests pour billions dollars flashy learning projects individualized instruction teacher aide salaries replace fashioned discipline learning classroom behavior laugh hear parents refer children gifted small percentage population average intelligence average person possesses average brain needs average everyday instruction children truly gifted generally area math languages science require entire curriculum based label school gifted children enriched courses study extra credit assignments special projects sat classroom rest learned basic subjects learned additional monies needed educate children genuinely gifted proved college entrance tests
accept writer opinions depends opinions opinions subject opinions piece writing read selection strong beliefs subject selection author hard change mind hand unfamiliar subject ready believe writer says read piece writing bored amused attitude ideas presented change order evaluate fairly ideas expressed piece writing need aware opinions reactions read respond reactions ideas thoughts pop head developed supported convincingly times thoughts turn result prejudgment bias result thinking carefully stop write thoughts think care won worth keeping opinion positive negative depend moment moment thoughts need sort sort thinking keeping reading journal kind diary thoughts reading finish reading selection write thoughts reactions summarize simply repeat reading stated say liked agreed passage
west fourth street subway station notice black teenage boy waiting train sitting railing front moving escalator muggy evening air station sure re hoping nice airconditioned trains black kid sitting perched railing facing track opposed escalator obstructing flow standing feet looking faraway lights oncoming train sudden white transit cop curtly asking kid identification easy earshot party kid turns sullen asks cop explain kid pulls hands cop looks barks demand address driver license defiantly kid pulls piece identification officer looks tells kid seen heard explains cop hardline approach kid led officer politely ask guy taking looks armed crazy tells business stay badge number sir report say badge number show piece identification kinda hotshot lawyer
laughed boy walked door didn high wasn marijuana integral part high school doors school literally high incidence staggering students clock rolling papers falling lockers commonplace dealers operate library biography section venture school divided groups smoke don eat degree weather hair covers eyes mick fashion absorb espouse wisdom jack rock music allman brothers band mumble re speaking code laugh conscious extension common bond grass temptation smoke strong freshman totally naive drugs knew took imagined poor unloved stupid associate studied science class cigarette smoke sick wildest dreams imagine smoking crumpled roll pot experience reality curious heard float stream consciousness felt compelled try join ocean kids high kicks exciting trembled fear getting caught loomed felt taking risk policeman snatch evil weed innocent hand replace handcuffs
happened early brother earlier look job woke dressed bought copy york turned pages help wanted unskilled section paper reading re reading columns attention held small advertisement read easy job wages experience number street west side lower manhattan sounded job looking easy job wages words revolved brain travelling address advertisement easy job wages easy job wages easy place consisted small front office large loft floor noticed series large galvanized tubs half filled water noticed protruding necks bottles sizes shapes tubs number workers male female sitting small wooden benches hands water tub left hand holding bottle thumb nail hand scratching labels foreman found vacant stool tubs water asked penknife small safety razor thumb nail labels bottles expertly informed knives razors scratch glass depreciating bottles sold
sociology classes illinois university normal structured courses traditional fashion tried approach testing classes beginning semester assigned students group partners examinations open book tests class took open book examinations students worked independently classes exams book lectures based materials partners similar accumulated grade point averages half gpa unit partnerships broken party felt cooperating adequate preparation class pairs eventually broke result matching process situation student able confer partner examination exchange ideas decisions answers students recorded joint answers test paper interaction pair members continuous students carried discussions undertone occasionally student raised voice disagreement complained noise level results paired students performed took examinations exams paired group averaged percent higher scores unpaired group percent paired students pairing reduced test anxiety percent felt paired setting learning singles setting surprised find students exam working working students working show improvement
number reasons american youngsters continue leave schools girls drop pregnancy boys bored classes leave jobs foreign born students discouraged language problems run troubles teachers students failing face discipline required schoolwork major part blame today high dropout rate nation rising divorce rate resulting breakup families myra sampson principal chicago community christian alternative academy puts biggest goes family family today dropouts typically broken homes adds baby sitting financial needs conflict children going school dropouts economic social stratum higher proportion poor minorities rate blacks white youngsters dropouts black graduates compared white graduates according bureau labor statistics tackle high dropout rates observers cite reason nagging crime unemployment nation youths cities states trying number programs philadelphia youngsters enrolled edison project aimed managing potential dropouts ages says project manager walter re dealing forgotten recruit handle student individual basis stressing learning basic skills percent high risk youths stayed school
end december ernest hemingway twenty newly married paris visit lasted picked red cross ambulance drove convoy italian front gravely wounded early july spent months military hospitals return chicago written stories poems started published high school papers weekly magazine toronto star planned finish apprenticeship writer visit interrupted unhappy months toronto nearly apprenticeship end spectacularly publication sun rises days things ended melancholy pleasure records era starting hemingway paris letters introduction sherwood anderson known chicago roving commission toronto star write color stories paid space rates stories printed days commissions easy obtain obligate newspaper spend money led rejected grudgingly printed manuscripts hemingway stories feature quickly led assignments travel expenses
asked decided pursue college education college students confronted question felt need stimulated answers questions excited questions answers decided continue education deep interest profession degree allow engage specific interest area students express decided college education desire experiment rounded venture academic meant purposes mind answers college students provide response question decided pursue college education purpose attending college stated list reasons choosing pursue academic stated objectives goals set determine satisfy needs expectations obviously expect professors help answer questions satisfy needs instructors main sources guidance information appointments professors participation small group conferences attendance lectures undoubtedly provide answers seeking activities stimulate think provide guidance channels information knowledge
asking act independent recreational reading offer independent reading provide hours recreation leisure reading enjoyable process goals read enjoyment preparing lifetime occupation depend independent reading acquire understandings pleasurable thing provide unlimited background experiences reading studies suggest bright student reader bright read readers bright result reading immaterial important thing wish knowledgeable recreational reading process communication help reach end surely want informed respective field reading textbooks helpful providing information imagine student majoring history acquainted read newsweek news report superintendent schools concerned offering contract teacher heard reads nea journal grade teacher instructor magazines field study cite important significant data sources journals field read field questions significant degree professionalism exhibit affirmative answers questions obviously desire informed major minor areas study
oxyacetylene welding fusion welding process coalescence metals produced oxygen acetylene flame extreme heat concentrated edges edge surface pieces metal joined molten metal flows type joint design determines filler metal complete weldment filler metal added inserting molten puddle base metals puddle solidifies making weld bead figure extremely high heat depends mixture types gaseous substances oxygen acetylene oxygen supports higher combustion acetylene fuel combustion oxygen nonmetallic chemical element designated symbol found free combination elements nature atmosphere composed percent oxygen volume element isolated joseph priestley red mercury oxide heated confined heated chamber experiment oxygen produced commercially pure methods electrolysis liquid air process electrolytic method water broken hydrogen oxygen sending electrical current solution caustic soda water oxygen released terminal hydrogen high cost method generating pure oxygen extent liquid air process prime method production commercial quality oxygen method air washed caustic soda temperature lowered low temperature vaporizes material chamber
hose manufactured diameters popular diameters industrial hoses measured inside diameter standard lengths ft standard practice purchase oxyacetylene oxygen fuel systems hoses webbing hold oxygen hose fuel hose figure hoses standard lengths purchased connection fittings attached factory connections added individual connections readily easy install connect hose manner connections garden hose safety precaution oxygen compressed air hoses hand threaded fuel carrying hoses left hand threaded standard arrangement prevents combining fuel result explosion precautions reinforced rubber hoses gas hose hose patched repaired hot metal hose types welding torches welding blowpipes distinguished pressures operation injector low pressure torch medium pressure equal pressure torch major difference pressure controlled chamber torch body readily apparent figure injector type torches acetylene pressures psi venturi effect created oxygen expelled injector tip maintain suction oxygen pressure needed acetylene pressure effect oxygen rushing injector tip low acetylene pressure stable mixture gases constant
fusion welding filler material offers versatility welder fusion welding filler material caution welding filler material oxyacetylene weld bead maximum penetration approximately mean thickest metal welded square butt joint figure welding ferrous material thicker unknown area beads total piece fail figure square butt joint needs improved improvement root opening figure root opening minimum space helps provide penetration base metal weld bead material base metal butted tightly oxyacetylene flame multiplied distortion harder control pieces force expand heated unknown area weld beads welding thick metal joint designs found greater predictable penetration ideal weld percent penetration oxyacetylene flame penetrate base metal approximately bevel joint created figure bevel joint means removing portion base metal portion base metal replaced filler rod angle face bevel joint generally root opening approximately minimum maximum root square portion bevel joint minimum maximum
oxygen cutting accomplished manually machine manual cutting forehand traditional oxygen cutting torch machine cutting mechanical electrical device control cutting torch head machine cutting multiple heads figure oxygen cutting machines operates similarly manual cutting regard cutting process oxygen cutting machines divided classes portable stationary portable machines straight line cutting portable machine figure carriage supports torch adjustable mounting run electric motor straight track speed motor adjustable size metal cut machines preparation plate welding generally portable torches bevel cuts stationary types cutting machines designed mechanical principles controlling cutting torches pantograph design cross carriage mechanism figures designs cut shape size machines cutting heads cut number identical shapes fulfilling demands cutting production basis stationary machines driven motors designed follow outlines templates parts cut cutting machines increase decrease template size part cut figure addition cutting single thicknesses metal oxygen cutting machines cut sheets metal operation known stack cutting plates cut stack clean flat edges alignment cut started
arc welding beginnings electric dynamo invented field arc welding grown importance electric arc welding connect parts storage battery plates process established auguste de french inventor resistance welding developed thompson called butt welding consisted placing metal pieces welded large clamp brought edges metal heavy current passed metals joint metals resistance metal electric current produced high heat fused pieces arc welding depended naturally development electricity improvements dynamos generators permitted advancement arc welding actual arc welding defined melting fusing metal means electrodes developed created mechanism carbon electrodes method produced arc carbon electrode metal edges welded heating metal fusible development carbon electrodes making consistent electrically improved carbon arc welding tremendously newer welding processes replaced method completely metallic electrode tried slavianoff experienced success innovation bare metal electrodes invention flux coated electrode success metallic electrode assured developments arc welding
dc generator designed furnish wide range current settings provide nearly constant voltage amperage characteristics able change voltage rapidly meet changing requirements arc column direct current power supplies portable stationary multiple station units figure size type electrodes penetration welding speed desired determine current supply requirements generator capacity designated amps anticipated maximum current requirements length welder govern generator size duty cycle based length welder percentages based min periods percent duty cycle mean welder operated percent min min percent duty cycle refers welder operated min maximum amperage voltage accompany percentage duty cycle figures give maximum operating current voltage values obtained duty cycle machine maximum volts maximum output amps duty cycle percent operate machine higher settings greater lengths deteriorate insulation machine early failure dc generator designed compensate change arc column voltage insuring stabilized arc globules metal flow arc arc short circuited
submerged arc welding metal electrode process called twin submerged arc twin arc welding shown figure adaptation weld deposit size considerably multiple electrode submerged arc process feeds electrodes simultaneously dual welding head permits higher currents current demands high amps sustained multiple electrodes submerged arc process basic ways multiple electrode process achieved figure multiple power supply units electrodes tandem figure yield heaviest deepest weld penetration pattern deposits electrodes generally line weld creates deep narrow weld bead welding setup heavier thicker base metals wide bead required head rotated electrodes weld spacing electrodes varied lengthening area electrode holders multiple power support tandem electrodes parallel electrodes single power supply parallel electrodes figure deposit metal deeply tandem electrodes weld penetration pattern widened encompass completely number narrow weld beads possibility multiple electrodes multiple electrodes connected series electrode cathode anode electrodes parallel weld line clock welding yields amount penetration permits welding thin gage metal high rate speed penetration thin metal welded thick
high price inert gases commercial welding helium fairly cheap gas produce atomic hydrogen welding process joining nonferrous ferrous metals russell meredith developed inert gas process welding aluminum magnesium airplanes inert gas shield arc process shield arc electrode holder tube extending electrode point electrode tungsten rod helium gas piped arc column process called basic process process metal inert gas mig welding logically mig welding tungsten electrode replaced bare wire electrode feeds automatically electrode champs holder supplying material arc column transfer metal process shielding gas tungsten inert gas process tig developed logical step original process plasma arc welder plasma column exists arc column expanded constricted controlled ultrahigh temperature cutting welding device atomic hydrogen welding fusion welding process atomic hydrogen welder heat supply apply pressure base metal heating base metal hydrogen arc column results interaction arc column recombining disrupted hydrogen molecules temperature easily controllable heat source theory production heat derived atomic hydrogen welding process arc column established tungsten electrodes arc power supply
electrode clamps hold tungsten electrode tig torch vary according electrode size specific set electrode diameter tungsten electrode insures adequate contact clamping tungsten electrode gas cup nozzle tig torch weakest part torch especially gas cups ceramic gas cups ceramic metal metal gas cups welding low metal gas cups higher cup melts clogs orifice inert gas high elevated temperatures ceramic nozzles found satisfactorily ceramic nozzles cups broken easily intensely hot atmosphere surrounds cups broken operator case operator making small mistake manipulation inadvertently dipping ceramic nozzle molten weld puddle weld bead ruins ceramic nozzle nozzles metal ceramic fastened torch body threaded connection special regulators tig process standard single stage regulators flow meters attached flow meter device calibrated measure cubic feet hour flowing point scale indexed glass tube cubic feet hour rate reading top float ball glass tube figures ball flow meter gage figure flow ft hr flow meters preset pressure psi amount pressure fed flow meter
electric resistance spot welders types stationary welder sizes according stationary welder stationary transformer electrodes gun form spot welding powered actuated flexible leads hoses types spot welders spot welding tool industry versatility electrodes spot welder low resistance hard copper alloy electrodes air cooled butt cooled water circulating rifled electrode electrodes capable transmitting heat generated contact points horns arms hold electrodes electrode points clean times points dirty scaly excessive heat points burning splitting electrode points spot welder approximately size meet top order obtain welds basic electrode point designs according weld desired figure pointed domed flat electrodes pointed electrodes widely ferrous materials domed electrodes designed withstand heavier current loads mechanical force applicable nonferrous metals flat electrodes spot welding deformation wanted spot weld inconspicuous flat electrode domed electrode diameter electrode determines diameter fusion zone weld spot figure
explosive welding plastic deformation restricted interface area faces metal making unnecessary area reduction required cold pressure welding explosive impulse provide extremely high normal pressure slight sheer sliding pressure surfaces interface explosive welding carried bringing properly metal surfaces high relative velocity high pressure proper orientation large amount plastic interaction occurs surfaces variety procedures geometric arrangements explosive charge parts welded successfully employed major techniques explosive welding divided contact techniques impact techniques contact welding techniques achieve sufficient plastic interaction weld interface positioning explosive charge shock wave delivered oblique angle parts welded impact techniques largely supplanted contact methods explosive welding usual procedure project explosively pieces welded impact high velocity velocity range ft sec achieving high velocities means detonation velocity caused explosives averages approximately ft sec detonation front pressures produced velocity interface materials welded range psi initial parts driven angle point contact colliding sweeps weld area plastic deformation accomplished predictable control
beam strikes welding point kinetic energy high speed electrons converted heat heat melt metal greater kinetic energy greater amount heat released kinetic energy determined formula velocity determined difference potential cathode speed electrons controlled amount voltage applied controlling amount heat released speed electrons directly proportional amount energy released mass minute velocity tremendous amount energy density electrons distance emitter cathode determines amount heat welding point takes perform weld impact electrons workpiece metal melted boil local temperature ceramic materials cut welded stream electrons penetrates thick layer metal depth stream electrons travels deeper metal electrons scattered slowed stopped collisions atoms crystalline structure resulting heating pear shaped volume metal heated metal vaporized vapor generated helps remove molten metal producing minute hole metal process repeated layers complete penetration exists base metal penetration accomplished short period fractions depending energy released thickness type material
major media quenching water brine oil air metal water generally room temperature brine solution salt water brine fastest cooling rate salt water heat faster pure water oil low temperature metal liquid types tempering air air forced air cooling metals oil temperature gradient water quenching medium control temperature loss metal efficient major commercially oil liquid molten salts molten metals dependent steel maximum steel attainable level hardness steel things steel reach maximum hardness proper temperature proper held temperature proper rate cooling extent maximum hardness determined chemical structure metal type coolant steel low need coolant cools uniformly water rapid coolant type steel oil hand metals high rating steel cooled rate molten salt molten low temperature metals metals high rating recent quenching developments cycling soon widespread applications heat treating industries ago aerospace firm developed called cryogenic quenching cryogenic quenching process liquified gas serves
resonance system makes resonance phenomena measure thickness material determine quality bonded materials lesser degree detect gross discontinuities resonance system transmits ultrasonic sound waves material making system similar pulse echo system waves continuous longitudinal waves figure wave frequency varied standing waves set system causing item resonate vibrate greater amplitude difference vibration resonance sensed generator indicator instrument information displayed crt screen change resonant frequency accounted change material thickness flaw test material methods ultrasonic testing contact testing method immersion testing method contact method involves placing directly test material coupled material thin layer fluid known contact testing frequently field shop locations equipment portable moved easily requirement volt ac power supply immersion testing test material immersed liquid sending ultrasonic waves liquid test specimen case touch object simply immersed fluid water major requirement immersion testing surface test specimen supported total contact avoided
magnetic particle inspection based magnetic lines flux force lines generated test specimen force lines parallel traveling test specimen surface defects piece figures bottom half figure force lines going piece deviation surface defect magnetic lines force flux lines create small north south hole area location surface defect causing iron powder magnetic particle inspection form surface defect surface defect called magnetic leakage indication types power supplies develop magnetic lines force test specimen permanent magnet electromagnet matter power source magnetic lines force electromagnet capable producing stronger force field permanent magnet magnetic force lines generated test specimen finely grained iron powder sprayed blown surface test specimen powder suspended liquid dry liquid applications blown kind spray device test specimen immersed completely bath particles suspended light medium oil test specimen large immersed portable prods establish magnetic field test specimen establish magnetic field large test specimen wrap specimen arc welding cables
younger found fun crawl inside tent hide cave climb tree small house built spreading branches place believe home dream hours fun able shut rest feel free problems suddenly dreaming end hungry food found home parents getting dark decided run home comfort electric light refrigerator grown ups colder heat furnace home warm tent cave tree house fine need food help home ran suppose home culture nearby corner store food warm house enter happen certainly heard story robinson crusoe shipwrecked lonely island figure food clothing build house live important needs
asia largest continents names confused ago europeans called orient east europe turkey arabia part asia nearest europe called east part study unit called east europeans farthest south southeast asia east recent term east asia include countries eastern rim continent touch pacific ocean japan series islands pacific ocean country east asia farthest east north japanese call country nihon nippon means land rising sun chosen sun rises japan mainland continent westward japan korean strait peninsula korea lies japan china korea battleground countries korea divided north korea south korea korea country china mainland find republic china communist china island taiwan formosa kilometers miles east mainland find nationalist china
person born china reason customs ideas person follows passed generation generation thousand groups buddhists india mongols northwest asia brought ways china culture chinese changed outsiders past coming westerner chinese undergone ways living communist government power china brought story chinese historians believe dynasties started chinese ruler died power supposed oldest son family stay power hundreds passing rule son family ruled country short called dynasty hundreds herb doctors china interesting cure sick dug bones animals ground powder medicine ago students saw bones characters written writings
pretty young lady miss works huge electric company largest maker household electrical appliances japan morning older sisters share room deep sleep quick makeup job breakfast leaves takes train changing takes hour home factory changing company uniform workers radio department working past workers meet hear planned foreman meeting foreman tells workers company working tells friends improve japan hard belt line starts moving belt line radios month job fit panel carries speaker antenna radio starting company finishing high school knew handling tools true girls today tools skill quick learn turned fine worker
family took place earlier japan china japan industrialization earlier china brought younger sons daughters cities separated strong rule father war ii rapidly true cities countryside farm villages family ties tight strong father full charge oldest son takes farmland ways oldest son tied family chained farmlands younger sons daughters wish move larger cities family ties rapidly falling cities generation sense turned ideas inside japanese expected children duties parents today tables turned parents expected greater responsibility children marriages decided parents today young select husband wife past mother law give orders son wife son speak mother unfair cruel wife happen farm villages today daughters law cities stand behavior longer seen picture lived number ago farm areas china japan
place map southeast asia united states asian region kilometers miles wider half land area key reason southeast asia peninsulas islands seas join thousands islands dot region range small islands large java luzon southeastern corner asia bay bengal south china sea lies huge indochina peninsula find mainland countries southeast asia vietnam laos cambodia thailand siam burma jutting pointing finger malay peninsula reaches kilometers miles southward equator southern half peninsula portion malaysia southern tip singapore city island mainland asia find huge semi circular arc islands numbering stretch kilometers miles west east islands called archipelago group islands large body water find countries republic indonesia philippines papua guinea equator runs islands southeast asia region lies tropics
places nature marked region clearly south asia north towering snowy mountains himalayas region stretches southward kilometers miles indian ocean drives pointed triangular peninsula ocean peninsula divides indian ocean bay bengal arabian sea widest point north distance east west kilometers miles north south united states south asia stretch denver york city canadian border mexico large region lies south united states reaches latitude places lower half region south tropic cancer united states hand hawaii lies north tropic cancer northern extent alaska reaches south asia major countries india pakistan bangladesh includes smaller mountains north find nepal bhutan nepal independent monarchy bhutan protectorate india south strait large island country sri lanka called ceylon south asia called subcontinent area large larger western europe half size united states
early history civilization indus river valley present covers story begins place western bank indus kilometers miles north place river waters empty arabian sea earliest civilizations known humans news spread discovery ancient civilization indus river valley south asia harappa hundred kilometers north cities top dug beneath earth surface ancient cities developed streets laid checkerboard crossed angles hundreds brick houses shops stories high huge storehouses grain public baths street drains found cities cities found beautifully painted pottery stone carvings fine gold silver jewelry finish polish jewelry beautiful believe ago pottery kind picture writing able understand person find key language learn lived indus river valley ago indus civilization began decline
south asia live today lived hundreds chiefly farming earn living land handicrafts weaving cloth making pottery pressing oil crops peanuts million small percent earn living working factories live villages south asia villages small fewer soil rain favor farming villages found closer rainfall light hill mountain country villages fewer number villages fewer south asia farms small hectares acres rarely farm larger hectares acres farmlands owned family broken small pieces places village animals plow farmer owned small pieces land labor hand tools amount crops farmer small measured large amount low crop yield worker chief low level living amount food farmers grow family maybe
egyptians prepared calendar written record history written records date humans date called prehistoric deal lived earlier written records scientists searching clues left prehistoric times look buried bones early size shape jawbone skull tooth learn humans lived thousands ago prehistoric tools pottery found buried surface earth archeologist looking carefully tell ago geologist looking rocks tools found help set history europe wall paintings caves tell prehistoric humans anthropologists visit traditional peoples africa australia studying ways living scientists try tell lived prehistoric times study women tell cradle civilization river valleys moslem understand learn moved prehistoric recorded history ice age million ago ago called stone age paleolithic times
war ended moslem turkey foreign control britain france strong control moslem dream peoples freedom true war leaders countries foreign control promised allies won freedom surprise angry promises war moslem began feel removing colonial rule britain france countries built modern progressive gaining freedom hope improve living standards turkey suffered humiliating defeat war worse peace treaty ottomans accept turkish lands country freedom threatened allies held straits capital city constantinople istanbul greek armies swept anatolia part turkey asia looked sick hope recover blows short greeks driven days allies istanbul ended peace treaty signed miracle place answer lies turkish leader mustapha kemal ataturk bravery peace terms drawn war sultan turkey ready give demands allies
large population larger cities moslem growing rapidly villages egypt number living cities growing times rapidly villages today ten cities moslem million important reason moslems leaving villages live cities hope job lead standard living want mud huts tiny farms village poor standard living working land villager knows government help poor larger cities faraway tiny villages large city tall buildings chance money centers entertainment attracts villagers lastly place young education schools large cities villages rarely offer schooling high school college level moslem desert cities stand islands goes villages city willing change ideas follow religion villagers educated live city eye eye poor farmer village cases read write
western nigeria main groups yoruba edo yoruba townsfolk advanced african peoples advanced culture benin located hundreds ago west followers christianity ibadan largest cities africa short ago city small houses protected mud walls visitor today city skyscrapers huge hospital large university government buildings offices apartment houses ibadan sign progress africa highest literacy rate nigerians found east missionaries europe helped teach ibos large part live traders nigeria ibos moved villages larger cities find jobs part western region midwest region living part nigeria development chief resource timber parts nigeria joined federation deal government powers federal authority capital city lagos country ruled military government july
ferdinand magellan led fleet ships westward uncharted atlantic ocean find route east asia later ship sailors returned spain sailed today astronaut shot outer space cape kennedy reaches speeds kilometers miles space ship takes astronaut minutes circle earth magellan crew took times minutes jet planes carry passengers atlantic ocean hours supersonic plane half traveler plane left london lunch land kennedy airport york traveler arrive breakfast hours earlier departure london high speed plane flown faster speed earth rotates progress circling earth ship circling minutes rocket took distance places earth takes travel greater speeds helped bring closer closer shrinking persons living close neighbors countries strangers
order decide united nations success failure draw score sheet place times un able peace un helped raise living conditions list number ways able meet goals december albania bulgaria yugoslavia satellites sending supplies weapons fighting civil war greek government greece complained security council committee council reported countries interfering affairs greece russian veto stopped council accepting report later committee un spoke activities communist countries soon rebellion began die war ii ended large numbers homeless jews left europe settle palestine arabs thirds palestine immigration feared jews arabs lose control country fighting broke groups britain supervised palestine asked un april problem committee later country divided separate arab jewish states set
united states lands hair skin colors believe religions speak english speak languages americans presidents called nation immigrants meant families didn family earlier united states parents grandparents ancestors born country ancestors person family immigrants country live look pictures americans parents ancestors lands lands ago american wrote book told ancestors country africa book roots word roots mean place ancestors hearing story roots americans wonder past americans happen live part americans answer family past country happened ago centuries earlier
thing notice place grows plant region called vegetation main kinds natural vegetation forests grass shrubs trees grow lot rain grass needs rain trees shrubs need rain grass desert shrubs grow dry southern part rocky mountain region look pictures page guess place rain trees grass shrubs natural vegetation grow tended farmers natural vegetation kinds vegetation planted country land surface covered towns cities highways farmland happened natural vegetation disappeared replaced land vegetation important parts natural landscape water important water granted exist water united states part big worldwide water system water moving ocean waters flow earth continent continent water evaporates oceans words gas vapor rises air water evaporates rivers lakes evaporated water forms clouds falls earth rain snow sleet falls land runs rivers lakes seeps ground
read earlier reasons americans move remember moved part country company worked moved jobs important find think ask adults answer living americans expect paid money money called wages salary americans money need running business working payments called fees doctors paid fees patients early days country money grew food houses clothes tools buy things needed traded farmer trade butter meat wagon wheel today americans longer live reason change technology technology tools help tools today complicated home modern technology makes easier spend working making things auto worker makes cars garment worker makes clothes farmer grows food workers money
suppose lived europe thousand ago wanted explore faraway places cars airplanes steamships invented sailing ships sailors dared sight land knew lay middle ocean europeans called atlantic ocean sea darkness finally gave europeans courage sail sea vikings lived northern europe thousand ago look map pages find norway denmark sweden lands vikings early history vikings started sailing sea wooden ships fished waters north atlantic vikings sailed parts europe vikings stayed places settled young viking women looked places settle viking settlers reached islands iceland greenland find islands map page vikings stories told heroes adventures leader named leif ericson according story leif vikings sailed greenland land called vinland vikings friendly lived vinland later vikings fought island vinland settlements grow fast fighting continued hard find food
english ships sailed coast eastern united states leaders voyages claimed coastal land england small ships set sail england headed north america board ships hundred english boys planned start colony trading post america women girls stormy weeks sea ships arrived coast virginia englishmen sailed wide river landed marshy island started settlement named jamestown king james england map page shows jamestown settlement started things boys colony started clear land build shelters find food things hard colonists worn voyage food running short weather hot sick matters worse started fighting indians lived nearby settler months jamestown half pint wheat barley grain lain ship hold weeks worms drink water lodgings castles air means houses
read earlier settlement jamestown virginia english colonies start america part group called southern colonies find rest southern colonies started puritans america religious group set england sir george calvert family catholics looked distrust england england protestants sir george calvert wanted place catholics live worship peace calvert died plan son known lord baltimore carried group catholic settlers landed america called colony maryland queen mary england catholic ruler settlements named lord baltimore maryland prosperous colony small farms tobacco plantations plantations large farms crops tended workers live property settlers live maryland later protestants quarrels broke protestants catholics lord baltimore law passed allowed worship pleased bad feeling remained law worked step freedom religion america south maryland virginia read south virginia large piece land called carolina
hamilton believed federal government strong secretary treasury solve country money problems treasury empty money army navy defend country congress states borrowed money revolution debts paid hamilton presented congress plan money government government raise money taxes important taxes tariff tariff tax goods brought countries hamilton money pay war debts congress states surprised expected government ignore debts bankers business especially impressed government paid owed europeans eager start businesses united states believed hamilton ideas called federalists wanted strong federal government pleased hamilton plan bankers merchants getting rich georgia farmer complained tax money making rich patrick henry warned business interests run country disagreed federalists called federalists called republicans leader republicans thomas jefferson jefferson troubled growing power federal government feared power states liberty jefferson hamilton views country future
united states grew rapidly early ten states formed country population doubled revolutionary war ideas changing daily lives europe united states inventing ways eli whitney plan guns needed hire workers buy machines whitney decided ask government money try idea guns hand gunsmith part separately fitted parts guns exactly alike part broke wore piece gun whitney idea planned parts exactly alike gun barrel exactly gun barrel replaced gunsmith spare part parts interchangeable making guns fixing january whitney traveled washington wanted show system worked group stood table capitol thomas jefferson soon country president john adams serving president members adam cabinet eli whitney spread parts guns table asked choose part piles
jackson believed reward helped elect felt share government fired hundreds government officials country replaced supported known spoils system term saying victor belong spoils spoils sense means reward group officeholders owed jobs jackson loyal ways spoils system democratic allowed part government weakness loyalty officials important jobs americans proud united states proud american citizens person citizen continued feel strong ties home states happen conflict nation question andrew jackson faced early conflict congress passed tariff law tariff remember tax goods countries manufacturers northeast favored tariff south bought goods foreign countries pay tax congress passed tariff laws south carolina decided government south carolina withdraw united states pay tariff
abraham lincoln won election president lincoln abolitionist plan end slavery south determined slavery spread territories determined save union believe southern states secede leave union southerners believed election showed northerners enemies want lincoln president soon lincoln elected southern states left union later joined eleven states called confederate states america confederacy south carolina wrote declaration explain seceding wrote constitution philadelphia states states agreed constitution union partnership states northern states lived partnership slaves property property protected constitution north tried prevent keeping property north helped slaves run encouraged slaves revolt owners north elected president lincoln represents north nation slavery end government plans war slavery longer protected constitution independence danger
remember story stephen allen journeyed west pioneers traveled pacific coast pioneers settled california washington oregon idaho utah pioneers stephen traveled think settling plains thought region desert plains covered heavy soil called sod thick grass dirt mixed iron plow cut water scarce plains trees settlers build homes lumber civil war big took place railroads built plains found farm plains going read read question mind help west grow railroad workers yen chong excited dream true dream railroad cross west called transcontinental railroad started central pacific railroad company began building east california company union pacific built west nebraska soon meet worked yen chong union pacific team miles yen chong central pacific workers china america stories wealth found
remember inventions changed plains inventions steel plow barbed wire inventors thinking sorts ideas granted inventions late magical inventors days working electricity source power inventors knew electricity put tried think methods machines expensive inventor ideas thomas edison thomas edison youngest children family money tom school months leaving school learning home mother teacher helped tom ten began making things cellar house later tom job sold newspapers candy train looking things tom decided put newspaper train passengers called paper weekly herald printed train passengers enjoyed newspaper tom sixteen telegraph operator telegraph invented twenty telegraph wires stretched united states fast send message days
important developments creating change electronics science based discoveries electricity thomas edison electronics inventions television radar transistor radio electronics computers computers machines store huge amounts information paper scientists complicated problems seconds computers influenced lives ways airline reservations income taxes send bills buy things credit cards school report card computer games pocket calculators happening electronics computers scientist thinks someday electronic companion size transistor radio sorts tasks making breakfast answering telephone invention want electronics enter space age started scientists soviet union amazed sending small satellite space satellite called sputnik circled hour half launching sputnik historic event showed technology found lift space pull earth gravity
remember struggle american women vote worked finally won susan anthony leaders movement tried vote election president making protest arrested law women vote susan anthony put trial found guilty ordered pay fine crime trying vote forty later women vote economic equality seldom jobs paid money kind women began join susan anthony black americans equal rights movement women groups held rallies speeches black americans asked equal opportunities education jobs opportunities open women women worked homes teachers nurses office employees salespersons women choose important fields women greater variety careers choose scientists truck drivers police officers insurance agents carpenters politics field open women women continue careers full mothers homemakers
nation born million today millions americans modern technology growing population needs expanded need cities need energy run machines cars heat homes need natural resources wisely american resource human resource human resources build united states americans looking answers questions pages learn ways trying build future remember reading modern industry helped create america cities ago recent cities northeast midwest faced big problems grand rapids michigan cities grand rapids famous making fine furniture city grown worn neighborhoods crumbled slums afford buy houses moved suburbs downtown grand rapids deserted city trouble grand rapids set americans cities started project renew city slums torn buildings grand rapids began look city need want
thirteen american colonies war attempt win freedom england english king american leaders wrote signed declaration independence things declaration born natural rights rights included liberty pursuit happiness true purpose government guarantee rights citizen american revolution war independence lasted victorious american finally gained freedom chance manage affairs country faced problems thirteen colonies thirteen free american states quarreled quarrels grew bitter talked leaving going clear strong face thirteen states needed divided countries england france spain soon declare war divided states certainly defeated war hard won independence lost happening american agreed remain form government easy decide sort government america trouble put interests ahead rest country small states trust bigger
contained bill rights importance americans words amendment congress law abridging freedom speech press strong guarantee kind country prison express ideas fear harm government punishment call free ideas powerful things ideas frighten government leaders happens government try silence spread unpopular ideas hundred constitution written scientists discovered earth revolves sun completely idea dangerous number governments scientists told silent discovery ordered confess public mistake refused imprisoned killed constitution written famous american leader thomas paine believe religious ideas neighbors believe expressing unpopular opinion paine attacked suffer authors amendment knew narrow minded united states rest americans believe free speech americans
sixth seventh eighth amendments help protect rights defend court sixth amendment guarantees accused crime early trial accused defendants wait getting chance prove innocence sixth amendment accused crime tried impartial fair minded jury sure jury impartial rules court persons instance serve jury gain case serve defendant lawyers judge reason friend enemy juror decide case fairly sixth amendment number guarantees important says defendant criminal case helped lawyer defendant poor pay lawyer government provide free charge help defendant unlikely find justice law seventh amendment says thing person ask jury trial criminal case non criminal civil cases criminal case involves crime government civil case involves wrong committed person
canada covers entire continent north america larger united states including alaska hawaii northern tip canada hundred miles north pole southern boundary borders united states oceans sweep canada coasts east atlantic west pacific north icy arctic ocean let visit regions vast country shown map travel canada transcontinental railroads route shown map begin journey vancouver large port city pacific coast canada travel eastward rugged pacific mountain region railroad leads fertile valley fraser river deep valleys cut high mountains part canada train window steep slopes coast mountains map page dense forests cedar trees giant douglas firs evergreens grow mountains train moves slowly climb rugged uplands lie east coast mountains journey miles jagged peaks rocky mountains loom sight snowcapped peaks rise eleven thousand feet sky rocky mountains part highland area extends western side entire continent north america
indians eskimos living canada european explorers visited groups indians roamed forests plains stretched atlantic ocean pacific eskimos lived north tiny viking ship sailed greenland north america leif ericson daring sea captain leader expedition scientists today generally believe vikings landed northernmost tip island newfoundland ruins ancient buildings found vikings succeed establishing permanent colony journey soon forgotten europeans reach canada john cabot crew set sail england search water route indies weeks sighted land cape breton island makes northern part nova scotia map page cabot returned england told stories finding rich fishing grounds known today grand banks fish dipped baskets tales brought adventurous europe canada eastern shores jacques cartier european known reach interior canada sailed coast newfoundland searching passageway china cartier sailed newfoundland gulf st lawrence map page landed known today peninsula
canada largest countries million live borders tenth united states tenths canada live hundred miles united states border settled southern part canada northern part climate milder land generally fertile nearly canada large cities located area hundred lands canada live canadians today descended lived continent europe asia africa parts canadians belong groups lived north america thousands indians eskimos fifths canada descendants lived england wales scotland ireland areas located british isles british descent canadian provinces quebec meet let visit city toronto ontario map page walk main business section large city feel home toronto cities united states products store windows look familiar sold united states
canada season brings excitement fun sports recreation summer young summer camps learn swimming horseback riding boating indian crafts winter canada part cold weather sports ice hockey country famous canadians active outdoor enjoy rugged beautiful country crisp fall weekends students canadian high schools colleges watch school teams play football thousands crowd stadiums large cities watch games played professional football players canadians play football nearly united states play game canada football field longer wider player team fall winter playing watching ice hockey ice hockey canada national sport thousands canadians play organized hockey teams large cities professional teams ice hockey fast difficult game expert skaters play game chance finest hockey players canadians children learn ice skate early land cold winters towns villages skate outdoor rinks larger towns cities provide indoor arenas skaters skating clubs canada children adults
canada democratic government citizens voting age help choose country laws canadians enjoy rights freedoms united states democratic countries canadians free speak opinions fear punished worship god prison fair trial rights freedoms based customs court decisions guaranteed canadian constitution law canada violate principles democratic government canada federal union ten separate provinces map page provinces states united states canada territories controlled mainly federal government canada federal government located city ottawa ontario canada constitution governed british north america act law passed british parliament canada independent nation page chapter discover canada constitution canada fully independent nation government makes laws keeps close ties britain queen elizabeth ii britain queen canada power government
canada united states friendly neighbors century close relationship helped canada ways caused problems let problems early history young nation canada large sums money needed develop vast resources countries especially united states asked provide money needed development today factories businesses canada owned united states american companies control canada oil natural gas industry canada depends united states trade thirds country exports sold united states exports include oil natural gas iron ore wood pulp variety manufactured products return canada buys machinery chemicals food products goods united states canada country resources industries controlled canadians foreigners prefer depend united states trade feel wise canada economy tied closely economy united states united states economic troubles canada economy hurt canadian government trying lessen canada dependence united states
difficult caribbean lands countries region developed modern industry poor lack goods services united states granted caribbean countries farming main earning living farmland farmers acres worthless land large farms owned wealthy landowners foreign companies farmers earn money provide proper food housing medical care families recent thousands farmers moved cities find paying jobs skills needed jobs business industry unsuccessful money forced live crowded slums poor health problem caribbean lands millions suffer malaria yaws diseases property caribbean lands owned region plantations mines sources wealth belong companies united states countries caribbean lands resent feel foreigners interested making money helping solve problems number caribbean countries government leaders elected countries ruled dictators military leaders power force free elections
north east central america lie islands west indies islands form chain separates caribbean sea main part atlantic ocean islands west indies land area half size central america larger population fact table page islands west indies cuba jamaica independent countries dependencies european nations united states fly west indies islands differ greatly large small lives islands barely rise sea islands steep sided mountains rise thousands feet map page shows west indies divided main groups islands greater lesser bahama islands largest islands west indies cuba hispaniola jamaica puerto rico small islands coasts form greater compare map pages map page tenths west indies live islands westernmost largest island greater cuba large islands west indies combined
central america islands west indies lie fairly close equator highlands cooler lowlands places mountains high part tierra tierra plateaus highland basins central america west indies live tierra caliente climate pleasant lowlands west indies lowlands central america reasons larger west indian islands cuba jamaica lie farther north central america map page winter masses cool air united states atlantic ocean move southward islands bring cooler weather islands cooled trade winds blow area refreshing sea breezes blow islands atlantic caribbean weather warm temperatures seldom extremely high tierra caliente west indies pleasant climate reason united states canada west indies vacations visitors mountainous island jamaica west indies travel notice sharp differences climate drive northeastern coast island countryside looks fresh green plantations bananas cacao crops need moisture order grow
groups live caribbean lands indians ancestors lived region ago descendants european settlers black africans brought region slaves india asian countries groups intermarried result millions mixed descent live caribbean lands today indians live caribbean lands today descended maya indian peoples homes region hundreds ago chapter live highlands central america especially guatemala western honduras highland indians live ancestors homes small villages scattered countryside ancestors living raising corn food crops skilled handicrafts weaving making pottery generally wear colorful handwoven costumes group indians language tribes indians central america live rainforests caribbean lowland pacific lowland panama live simple changed columbus addition raising crops obtain food hunting fishing live room huts wear clothing islands west indies black african descent large part population
civilization arts express beliefs feelings goals nationalities settled caribbean lands arts region reflect variety cultures instance stately homes built spanish colonial style architecture reflect influence highly developed european civilization rhythmic folk songs dances show influence caribbean lands ancestors african american indian civilizations slowly influences beginning merge styles art reflects boldness adventurousness struggling develop civilization music dancing forms art enjoyed caribbean lands visitors region caribbean countries music important part daily lives farms costa rica coffee pickers chant folk songs calypso singers trinidad beat steel drums sing events music west indies famous strong exciting rhythms rhythms originated africa black africans brought west indies plantations brought music dances passed african rhythms blended spanish french melodies create kind folk music warm summer night gathered sugar plantation cuba outdoor dance
forests cover half land caribbean region largest areas forest lands central america large forests islands west indies forest land cleared provide land farming forests obtain fuel lumber products forest products countries caribbean lands region forests caribbean lands fully forests located roads rivers means transportation easy carry logs forests places kinds trees grow area difficult locate valuable trees remove forests parts caribbean lands weather hot moist tropical rainforests trees grow dense forests tall broad leaves stay green round largest rainforest caribbean lowland central america kinds trees grow rainforests valuable mahogany rosewood spanish cedar rosewood mahogany beautiful woods highly prized making furniture spanish cedar making pencils cigar boxes articles belize northern guatemala lumbering important industry
ship moves power lake side lake enters pedro miguel locks lifted level water cut section canal looks enormous water filled ditch steep hills rising sides dug solid rock entire length miles cut narrow hazardous part canal winding narrow cut ship enters lake largest artificial lakes ship sails twenty miles lake passing islands ship reaches caribbean end canal brought sea level leaving lake enters locks pass chambers chamber filled water ship enters water slowly let ship lowered level ship leaves locks goes short channel bay inlet caribbean sea trip canal distance nearly fifty miles hours feel need canal linking atlantic pacific oceans recent increase ship traffic panama canal vessels wait line hours enter
fourths cuba land level gently rolling land covered limestone centuries limestone weathered deep layer red soil called clay soils growing sugarcane large areas clay found central western cuba sandy soil found region western cuba produces finest cigar tobacco main highland areas cuba highest mountains sierra southeastern part island peaks rise thousand feet sea level valuable minerals found sierra mountain ranges sierra de trinidad south central cuba sierra de los western part island coastline cuba sheltered bays provide excellent harbors large cities havana capital grown fine harbors country cuba includes thousand islands lying coasts main island islands small isle youth southwestern coast largest area thousand square miles weather cuba pleasantly warm cuba lies farther north large islands west indies cold air masses mainland united states send winter temperatures low forty degrees
mexico land contrasts irregular columns high broken mountains march country east west coasts map pages ranges western sierra madre eastern sierra madre high wide plateau parts mexico low plains steaming jungles lie mountains sea places pacific coast mountains crowd close sea sierras higher closer southern mexico meet wild tumble towering mountains find magnificent snowcapped mountain peaks mexico smoking mountain ixtaccihuatl white lady east rises feet mexico highest peak mountains volcanoes farther south range mountains called southern sierra madre range extends southeastward pacific ocean falls sea level isthmus tehuantepec east isthmus land rises form region highlands eastern western sierras plateau continuation high plateaus arizona mexico texas mexico plateau occupies country land area northern thirds plateau receives rain desert dry growing crops land irrigated grass grow large cattle ranches region
knows exactly settled mexico mexico history extends dark haired brown skinned known today indians building civilizations mexico ago ancestors indians started coming north america ago times past land bridge connected continents asia north america north bering strait today likely wandering hunters traveled asia north america land bridge centuries descendants settled parts north south america tribes indians homes mexico indians lived northern mexico primitive wandered place place central southern mexico indians lived villages surrounded fields corn beans cotton crops indians built number cities serve religious government centers lived cities priests government officials rest cities trade marketplace worship gods indian tribes central southern mexico united city separate nation cities traded banded defense powerful city conquer weaker
spaniards ruled mexico built hundreds beautiful churches brought wheeled carts horses cattle sheep wheat rice spaniards brought european arts rule selfish unwise rulers thought making fortunes forbidden develop industries buy goods spain indians mestizos spaniards born mexico hold public office spanish took mines indians indians mestizos spaniards slaves common schools luxuries worst spanish conquerors took indians lands gave spaniards set farm estates called haciendas spaniards indians land hard city understand mexicans feel land love villages land love country indians ago agricultural fifths workers mexico farmers land food comes land buy stores think land mexican farmers hard raise food directly earth
travel mexico interesting things colorful dress course cities dress cities villages especially remote indian regions varied beautiful costumes everyday clothing mestizo campesinos mexico wear white pants heavy cotton white muslin shirts open collars wear bright colored necks regions shirt hangs loose places pulls shirttail waist knots front places tucks shirttail winds wide red blue sash waist nowadays village wear leather jackets cool weather wear wool blanket slit center put head makes warm cloak daytime blanket bed night designs colors region traditional style copied centuries designs cotton cloaks indian ancestors village wear hats sombreros straw sombreros worn south flat brims low crowns north wear sombreros tall peaked crowns wide rolled brims
mexico united states celebration independence september began fight freedom spain father hidalgo gave cry independence call arms eleven clock night fifteenth night village mexico fiesta ends eleven clock mayor repeats famous words father hidalgo mexico city fiesta night thousands gather hear president give balcony palace parades patriotic speeches large cities fiestas religious feast days colorful carnival mardi gras lent biggest fiesta village celebration saint feast patron saint fiesta lasts ten days depending size town villages handicrafts sell market fireworks dancing plaza regional dances early times dances part religious ceremonies indians danced virgin mary town patron saint church feasts saints souls held november combined ancient indian dead ancient indians believed dead returned fed
ways mexico government similar mexican constitution united states tells country governed lists rights freedoms belong citizens freedom speech fair trial united states mexico federal system government country divided thirty states federal district district columbia capital mexico city located mexico government united states divided branches legislative branch congress makes laws mexico judicial branch system courts interprets laws executive branch headed president makes sure laws carried president mexico elected term reelected duties mexican president similar president mexico president power congress making laws president mexico president assisted cabinet heads government departments department heads appointed president mexico vice president congress mexico houses chamber deputies house representatives hundred members elected states according size population
map opposite page shows south america neighbor continent western hemisphere landmass covers area nearly size united states large continent surprising find kinds land features visit south america towering mountains deep valleys fertile plains swampy lowlands find variety climate parts south america receive hundred inches rainfall places pass drop rain rainforest south america hot humid highest mountain peaks covered blanket snow homes south america indians continent thousands ago spain portugal began coming south america conquered indians established colonies later settlers brought blacks africa slaves mines plantations passed peoples intermarried early millions south america germany italy britain european countries asian lands japan china syria descendants peoples live south america today vast continent south america rich natural resources minerals forests waterpower
cold january board plane chicago begin jet flight buenos aires south america chicago ten degrees snow falling airport wearing heavy winter clothing left hand map page shows route flight chicago buenos aires shows zones temperature travel thirty minutes taking chicago airport leave zone cold winter weather hour fly zone cool weather covers southern states fly florida lies zone warm winter weather soon leaving florida hot zone left hand map shows january zone hot weather extends southern part continent south america sixteen hours leaving chicago land busy airport buenos aires sun shining brightly january dressed light summer clothes strange carry winter coats wearing began flight yesterday chicago leave plane flight attendant tells temperature ninety degrees summer buenos aires summer months south america lands southern hemisphere december january february
knows south america scientists believe primitive indians living thousands ago hunters fishers weapons bows arrows sticks harpoons passed indian civilization developed western part south american continent indians civilization lived inca empire inca legend says ago sun god created woman sun god gave inca ruler wife golden staff rule teach savage indian tribes begin golden staff sank ground disappeared inca wife traveled mountains lake titicaca journey found beautiful valley mountainside overlooking valley golden staff vanished earth inca wife founded city cuzco city center inca empire spaniards south america sixteenth century inca empire extended thousand miles western coast map page travel mountains peru today believed sun protector roof miles level sea sun warmth light
map page shows main highland areas south america brazilian highlands farming important patagonia south cool windswept plateau mainly grazing sheep farming grazing guiana highlands north fertile farming areas southeastern part brazilian highlands city sao paulo coffee growing area let visit coffee plantation fazenda coffee grown brazil sao paulo board train takes pass fields cotton corn beans rice occasionally groves orange trees cattle grazing green pastures finally reach fazenda owner takes tour plantation walk groves coffee trees notice soil reddish color terra fertile soil brazil coffee country part brazilian highlands excellent climate coffee ample rain falls warm summers winters short frost free harvest season fazenda ahead picking coffee berries lower branches trees workers climbed ladders reach higher berries separating leaves twigs berries tossing high air wire trays
addition oil south america large deposits iron ore map opposite page deposits minas gerais southeastern part brazil billion tons high grade iron ore largest deposits high grade ore discovered northern part brazil deposits mined venezuela large deposits iron ore ore discovered vast wilderness orinoco river steel companies united states largest deposit found cerro bolivar low mountain deposits miles hundreds feet deep brazil venezuela exporting millions tons iron ore united states japan industrial nations iron ore growing steel industries bolivia largest producers tin fact important producer mineral north south america bolivia tin mines located high andes mountains highest mines seventeen thousand feet sea level difficult transport bolivia tin ore mountain mines tin mills valleys mines tin ore carried railroad mills mines railroads teams mules llamas carry tin ore mountainsides
airport lima peru board large jet airplane flight south america trip lima city sao paulo brazil hours sao paulo thousand miles soon seats plane flying lima blue waters pacific ocean extend horizon towering andes mountains rise left approach andes tracks mountain railroad watch train travel slowly mountains understand air travel important south america costly difficult build roads railroads mountains flight attendant announces plane climbing higher fly mountains peaks plane window twenty thousand feet sea level summer covered snow flying hour large lake lake titicaca highest lakes border peru bolivia southern end lake narrow pier extending water southern terminal steamships cross lake titicaca steamers built england sailed peru carried lake mule railroad
sitting small sidewalk cafe buenos aires tables nearby drinking coffee eating ice cream warm sunday afternoon families strolling sidewalk front cafe visit relatives friends going spend afternoon city beautiful parks table talking soccer game going tonight decide game soccer futbol south americans call popular sport south america evening join crowd going soccer stadium laughing talking game soon begin finally reach seats high grandstand sitting view brightly lighted playing field looks football field united states teams field eleven players team game begins players kicks ball goal opposite end field hits ball head players touch ball hands soon half begins buenos aires team makes goal jump feet shouting cheering cheering thousands excited spectators
scientists believe human earth began half million ago beginning mystery try understand passing rising setting sun patterns movement stars planets show passing passing watch seasons change winter spring sees experiences passing define sixteen hundred ago philosopher st augustine puzzled meaning asks wish explain asks minute lasts month lived passing units average amount person live average human lifetime seventy students history think longer spans average human lifetime longer spans human experience imaginations try understand distant read ago st augustine puzzled meaning ago understand period imagination average person lives seventy imagine person living
norse settled iceland island north atlantic miles km west norway eric red fellow brought family late eric discovered greenland larger island west iceland founded settlement later shipload norse settlers sailing west greenland lost leader ship finally arrived greenland told land seen farther west settlers greenland wood hard find welcomed news land covered trees eric son leif tall looking decided find unknown country leif ericsson set sail crew thirty soon landed labrador coast newfoundland parts canada deciding stay winter crew built small village simple huts wild berries found looked grapes leif crew named place vinland wine land spring returned greenland load wood wild berries later norse families settled vinland son born norse couple baby born americas parents europe group settlers contact native americans called skrellings
plymouth english colony america england founded group separatists believed governing churches broken separated church england king james head church found beliefs dangerous separatists defy church england defy government avoid going prison beliefs group separatists left england holland allowed worship pleased holland found jobs hard feared children learning dutch ways losing separatist beliefs looked america place improve families america separatists deal group london merchants return ships supplies separatists send profitable goods england fewer half separatists holland chose america called pilgrims pilgrims sailed america mayflower leaving friends passengers pilgrims workers hired english merchants pilgrims landed cape cod england november later moved nearby plymouth england governed england settlers agreed fair laws obey
patriot families found home lives turned upside war women soldier husbands army camps cooked mended clothes troops martha washington left home husband general george washington present siege boston lived washington valley forge bitterly cold winter later heard shots revolution john corbin virginia killed battle fort washington manhattan island wife margaret took place battle line wounds received left crippled congress gave pension bravery mrs mary pleasant green north carolina grew tired waiting husband return battle evening rode horseback spot thought battle morning burst cannon fire rushed forward twenty wounded thought husband mrs began bandage wounded tree bush leaves finally found husband unhurt bloody butcher patriots british women spies women allowed move freely camp washington young woman philadelphia news british soldiers bring safely
constitution calls supreme court chief justice justices supreme court congress decided supreme court chief justice justices number justices changed constitution states congress create inferior lower courts believed existing courts serve lower courts representatives congress view believed nation strengthened system lower courts separate courts congress set thirteen district courts circuit courts enforce constitution federal laws treaties district circuit courts added federal court system changed today person breaking federal law brought federal court defend rights case tried district court appealed circuit court federal law question case tried circuit court appealed supreme court final decision biggest problems facing country money problems federal taxes government money pay everyday expenses matters worse government deeply debt started owed millions dollars citizens countries
revolution families separated suffered hardship families remained loyal crown forced leave america family members left felt sad hopeless husbands fought colonial militia left families marching soldiers cannon fire remained home uneasy war hurt families lost family members lost property move faced shortages schools children closed towns cities rival armies war political differences separated families friends married parents raised children carried everyday lives revolution things changed parents longer money arrangements children marriages parents children twelve fifteen young country land workers large families sense today magazines colonial magazines ran advice columns woman wrote royal american magazine love problem courted young gentleman accomplishment qualification eyes rich parents insist marrying think loves person fond money wish marry money love sense cases
heritage working united states goes colonial times country western europe settle colonies mainly improve lives wanted greater opportunities children children children dream died part dream person improve person help lives improve society improves making reasoning helps explain reform important united states worked improve schools believed public education lead informed citizens informed citizens choices leaders country worked rights women minorities believed nation helped contributions citizens worked free slaves believed equal rights freedom blacks bring equal rights freedom reform movements rhythm united states history began lasted war north south reform movement studying reform movement began slowly reached peak early twentieth century ended united states entered war
anytime studied thoughtful choice decision making process taking series steps step define problem need decide step identify options courses action open step choice final step evaluate results choice remember steps process thinking letters word dice define identify choose evaluate think past decisions decisions history easy steps led decision everyday decision making steps clear cut step flow steps place place order steps repeated word dice handy helping remember steps decision making process decision making process game chance thoughtful decision makers try leave chance cases step decision making define problem requires decision faced decisions prepare high school maybe need decide school attend
president buchanan took office saw end economic boom prices farm products fell stopped buying manufactured goods factories lay idle economic problems slavery questions harder solve compromise reach supreme court case reopened slavery questions case brought dred scott slave army officer lived slave missouri scott moved owner army posts free illinois later free wisconsin territory returned missouri owner antislavery supporters encouraged scott sue owner freedom scott backers argued free lived slavery allowed case reached supreme court court held scott citizen slave bring case court court stated constitution protected property slaves property owners part nation remain property dred scott decision shock wave north active abolitionists slavery issue kansas surfaced issue split north south split democratic party president buchanan asked congress accept constitution kansas territory allowed slavery
analysis careful study discover works analyze study pieces pieces english class analyze sentence separating parts divide sentence major parts subject predicate divide nouns verbs adjectives breaking sentence help understand parts words give sentence meaning analyze sentences history book kind analysis english class single sentence history book think ideas lie consider sentence declaration independence signed july think ideas lie simple sentence declared independence caused happen happened ask dozens questions single sentence says happened kinds questions historian ask answer events history happen causing affecting events signing declaration independence colonists found war britain fight hold war form kind government government
towns cities grew quickly british visitor observed towns villages raised magic railroad agents land companies individual business owners helped found urban communities agent railroad wrote towns soon cornfield surveyed yesterday arrange put hotel country hotels land promoter grand idea plans creation chain towns continent connecting boston san francisco magnificent highway cities promoters promised investors rich quick money easy advertisement asked quickly answered question find site city farm built regret non purchase lot york block buffalo acre chicago quarter section omaha city properties bought song countryside foreign lands drawn cities united states greater numbers unending stream brought prosperity problems urban centers struggled provide housing public transportation schools parks public water sewers police fire protection growing populations farmers earlier migrated west moved city
farmers protests died farm conditions improved farm machinery scientific farming methods increased crop yields farmers improved strains grain corn ways plowing fertilizer farm prices tripled greater demand europe farm goods united states nation cities grew market farm goods trucks later freed farmer dependence railroad cut transportation costs farmers face lean scientific farming practiced early paved united states leading food producer populist movement ended political movement emerged progressive movement gained strength influenced major parties differences populists progressives populists formed political party progressives tried gain supporters republican democratic parties populists backed largely farmers progressives mainly small towns cities small business owners doctors teachers workers blacks part farmers movements part progressive movement progressives wanted correct injustices enjoying rewards industrialization wanted improve city child workers factories offer chance need congress tried pass bill end child labor mines factories put strong fight
force changed greatly early women job stay women today home home labor unions lasting part grown fast force working part common practice teenagers school workers retirement age sixty part partly affirmative action programs blacks spanish speaking americans asian americans minorities women holding higher paying jobs white males hold high paying positions young russian immigrant named bessie abramowitz worked button sewer hart marx chicago pair pants finished earned cents earn money fifteen bessie took bundles pants home night fall bessie boss told rate cut cents pair pants bessie put needle walked women joined bessie fired immediately shop city hire bessie called secret meeting hull house urge strike tailors walked job strike spread thirty thousand workers fought months money working conditions change workplace pay
senators representatives receive compensation services ascertained law paid treasury united states cases treason felony breach peace privileged arrest attendance session respective houses going returning speech debate house questioned place senator representative elected appointed civil office authority united states created whereof increased person holding office united states member house continuance office bills raising revenue originate house representatives senate propose concur amendments bills bill passed house representatives senate law presented president united states approve sign return objections house originated enter objections large journal proceed reconsider thirds house agree pass bill objections house likewise reconsidered approved thirds house law
person held answer capital infamous crime presentment indictment grand jury cases arising land naval forces militia actual service war public danger person subject offense put jeopardy limb compelled criminal case witness deprived liberty property due process law private property public compensation criminal prosecutions accused enjoy speedy public trial impartial jury district crime committed district previously ascertained law informed nature accusation confronted witnesses compulsory process obtaining witnesses favor assistance counsel defense suits common law controversy exceed twenty dollars trial jury preserved fact tried jury reexamined court united states according rules common law excessive bail required excessive fines imposed cruel unusual punishments inflicted enumeration constitution rights construed deny retained
americans immigrant origins small number recent immigrants overwhelming majority descendants earlier arrivals follows european discovery migratory peoples cohesive groups asian nomads thousands ago traveled northeastern asia western hemisphere descendants known indians eskimos asian peoples migrated southeast asia south central pacific islands descendants known polynesians greek word meaning islands eventually polynesians reached hawaii descendants known hawaiians columbus stumbled immigrants began coming settle permanently immigrants attracted english colonies atlantic seaboard colonies won independence england immigrants greater numbers today immigrants coming part united states totaled million persons negroes forcibly uprooted west africa transferred captivity chiefly slaves plantations peoples include descendants earlier migratory groups indians mainland united states indians eskimos alaska hawaiians french settlers orleans acquired louisiana purchase spanish settlers acquired florida purchase mexicans acquired annexation texas mexican cession puerto ricans acquired annexation caribbean island home
american coming diverse backgrounds share culture composed interrelated elements complex part derivative reflecting debt european african asian latin american cultures brought peoples pluralistic society part original reflecting modifications imported cultures creative responses american conditions american culture part fixed reflecting permanence american customs ideals institutions part changing reflecting infusion additional cultural elements recent immigrants recent responses american environment part uniform dominant mass culture reflecting broad general similarity american part diverse reflecting existence subcultures mirroring west european family colonial families performed major functions bearing rearing children providing education especially religious instruction citizenship occupational training organizing family members predominantly agricultural economy colonial families wife children took father family children traced family line father colonial families patriarchal father ruled family important decisions exercised full authority members mother ran household cleaning cooking sewing caring children rural families mother assisted children economic asset performing chores especially middle upper class colonial families marriages arranged father consent
discovery exploration european rulers claimed ownership sovereignty vast lands britain crown granted lands royal favorites john berkeley george carteret jersey proprietors george calvert maryland william penn pennsylvania joint stock companies virginia company massachusetts bay company turn grantees assigned lands personal property white settlers cleared forests farmland built towns indians occupied open lands freely claimed european settlers indians lacked western concept private land ownership buying selling lands viewed land belonging entire tribe inalienable community property hunting farming tribal members colonial times onward white settlers pressed continuously transfer lands indian tribal ownership white private ownership addition physical differences white settlers indians differed language religious concepts view nature white settlers considered civilized superior viewed indians savages inferior scientifically indefensible widely accepted view indians late century whites justify cheating decimating indians present whites justify pressuring indians abandon culture assimilate whites superior civilization white settlers weapons firearms gunpowder powerful indians spears bows arrows
civil war american nation entered unprecedented era economic growth social change transformation brought increase responsibilities powers federal government states federal power expanded rapidly power expansion federal power impetus nationalist triumph civil war spurred factors rivers mountain ranges america extend states mighty mississippi river flows miles ten states minnesota louisiana flooding coordinated effort requires federal action appalachia mountainous area extends states pennsylvania alabama poverty stricken region inhabitants regardless states live face similar problems poor soil loss coal mining jobs due automation inadequate health facilities area problems call national approach growth american industry brought problems prevention monopoly unemployment democracy labor unions discrimination hiring disposal industrial wastes industry nationwide problems longer regulated effectively action required attention federal government development modern means transportation railroad truck auto airplane communication telephone radio television tended obliterate lines products buy news hear sport teams follow involve interstate commerce subject federal supervision
presidency today powerful office days george washington grown tremendously functions personnel involved solving nation problems closer attained greater esteem prestige growth presidential powers uninterrupted marked ebb flow pattern strong presidents expanded powers executive office frequently weak inability indifference constricted presidential powers strong president built traditions earlier strong historic trend greater presidential powers trend began administration george washington gained momentum century greatest growth presidential powers place present century united states evolved small agricultural rural society large industrial urbanized nation faced complex problems reach solution individuals states acting separately federal effort deal problems focused president chief executive able act quickly decisively coal miners strike winter approaching president theodore roosevelt summoned mine owners union leaders white house mine owners refused arbitrate strike issues president threatened seize mines agreed accept decisions presidential arbitration commission
thomas reed elected republican district maine house reed served member powerful rules committee chosen speaker end delay house business minority reed enforced rules strengthened speaker powers recorded representatives respond roll call present refusing vote securing quorum refused consider motions held dilatory wasting reed opponents labeled czar supporters insisted transformed house effective legislative body joseph cannon continuously representative illinois nicknamed uncle joe cannon served speaker conservative republican cannon tremendous powers inherited czar reed block legislation desired progressive republicans democrats opponents gained sufficient votes amend house rules reduce powers speaker longer appoint members chairmen committees longer serve rules committee cannon left till remained member house samuel rayburn democrat texas onward won consecutive elections house interruptions party lacked house majority rayburn served speaker record rayburn instrumental guiding legislation house
close napoleonic wars europeans seeking migrate united states travel greater safety development ocean crossing steamboat travel greater comfort speed immigrants america rapidly rising numbers check index immigration addition immigrants united states experienced high native birthrate result soaring american population million million war americans growing numbers began moving westward war battles destroyed hostile indian forces west safer settlement war shut shipping industry englanders lost jobs moved westward federal government offered settlers cheap land acres acre finally western territories states adopted policies attract settlers settlers west appalachian mountains doubled number half american population lived western territories achieved sufficient population admitted union states western territories states growth westward movement american population major impact american economic meant farmers help raise agricultural surpluses workers build transportation facilities labor factories consumers purchase foodstuffs manufactured goods urban dwellers crowd cities start
war farmers experienced tremendous demand agricultural produce domestic military export enjoyed high prices wheat sold bushel sold meet increased demand farmers sought increase output purchasing land farm machinery paying inflated wartime prices farmers lacked funds borrowed money high interest rates war demand produce declined prices fell desperate farmers afford allow land machines lie idle continued produce huge surpluses effect driving farm prices farther downward farmers unable meet payments mortgages lost farms foreclosure home occupation frequently remained land tenants owners banks insurance companies farmers turned cooperatives marketing ops graded stored packed sold shipped produce members purchasing ops bought supplies resale members ops performed functions middlemen distributed profits members benefited federal laws offering loans allowing special tax exemptions today membership million ops essential aspect american agriculture tackle problem surpluses president herbert hoover requested congress pass agricultural marketing act created federal farm board million lend farm organizations
unions sharply restricted number members admitting relatives present members charged high initiation fees unions deliberately excluded blacks minority groups practices prevented workers competing union members jobs closed shop industries unions fought introduction laborsaving machinery technological advances reduced employer expenses permitted consumer cheaper goods unions opposed machines decrease number jobs prevent technological unemployment unions forced employers retain unneeded help railroad brotherhoods compelled keeping coal firemen coal newer oil burning diesel locomotives unions failed members violating union contract employer contract violation wildcat strike spontaneous walkout workers formal approval union number unions publish financial statements members general public knowledge unions income expenditures unions controlled small groups insiders rank file members indifference fear say union affairs union resembled dictatorship democracy gained control unions corrupt purposes treated union funds paid excessive salaries employed strong arm methods suppress critics union force union employers
americans won independence england politically moved express independence england rejecting georgian style american statesmen turned past ideas framing constitution american architects turn past inspiration models content merely imitate past styles adapted employ technological advances iron nail cast iron structural steel plate glass express american sentiments individual freedom republican dignity national pride american buildings designed trained dedicated professional architects major architectural trends young nation follows classicism refers cultural movement inspired civilizations ancient greece rome classical era european history architecture classical buildings employed forms shapes ancient greeks romans expressed classical ideals emotional restraint formality symmetry dignity grandeur early young republic federal government established classicism architecture looked mainly ancient rome roman revival known federal style plan capital city washington federal government commissioned engineer turned architect pierre capitol white house center proposed broad avenues radiating outward intersected spacious streets envisioned city magnificent buildings house government small parks patriotic monuments express national spirit
term mass media refers methods channels communication printed spoken word present information ideas large numbers unknown centuries ago today leading mass media developed modern inventions huge printing presses mass circulation newspaper wireless telegraphy radio electronic transmission pictures television regular colonial newspaper started boston weekly news letter newspapers published colonies colonial newspaper published printer editor printed pamphlets general merchandise store weekly pages expensively priced sold annual subscription subscribers passed hand hand widely read contained news england foreign countries local colonial events advertising letters paper discussions public affairs eve american revolution colonial newspapers loyalist neutral thirds supported patriots colonial papers resented stamp act required pay special high tax papers evaded tax carried articles arouse colonial public british rule newspapers helped prepare colonists fight independence newspapers continued colonial practices size price circulation respects experienced
united states developed rural handicraft society urban industrialized nation social control exerted traditional informal agencies institutions formal words family neighborhood played decreasing role greater importance devolved school government shift responsibility illustrated examples small rural community knew neighborhood pressures sufficed individual conform community standards large metropolis neighbors individual remains unknown subject neighborhood pressures individual molded school governmental regulations patriarchal family typical early america father exerted strict control children today equalitarian family father exercises authority children possess deal freedom parental authority weakened children influenced school governmental pressures preindustrial society teenagers desiring drive family horse buggy proved ability fathers horse buggy moved slowly accidents occurred industrial society teenagers desiring drive families cars prove ability examiner obtain drivers licenses heavy rapidly moving cars accidents teenagers obey safety regulations especially speed limits earlier persons concerned building chimney car exhaust emitted heavy black smoke atmosphere
korea colony japan divided parallel north occupied russian troops south american troops russia united states failed agree regarding korean reunification russia defied un attempts unify country free elections north korea russians established communist government led korean workers communist party head kim il sung equipped powerful army south korea un supervised elections established independent communist government headed president june warning north korean communist forces crossed parallel invaded south korea un security council russia absent promptly recommended un members furnish military assistance south korea un army consisted chiefly american south korean units communist nations headed originally general douglas macarthur un forces retreated communist assault reinforcements arrived general macarthur launched counterattack drove north korean armies parallel deep north korea close manchurian border november powerful communist chinese armies crossed north korea attacked un forces inflicting heavy losses compelling macarthur retreat summer battle line stabilized parallel un general assembly voted opposition soviet bloc declare communist china guilty aggression korea recommend embargo shipment war goods communist china
single atom bomb bomb dropped hiroshima contained pounds uranium explosive power pounds tnt killed injured destroyed percent city subsequently scientists developed hydrogen bomb bomb generate thousand times explosive power hiroshima bomb single hydrogen bomb wipe mile radius destructiveness nuclear weapons results explosive blast tremendous heat radioactivity contaminate areas widespread fear exists nuclear war mean end civilization atomic scientists devised methods control nuclear reactions utilize tremendous heat change water steam turn steam propel boats generate electricity united states possesses fleet atomic powered surface ships submarines number atomic powered plants production electricity regions united states today atomic power competitive cost electricity generated conventional fuels natural gas oil coal atomic scientists produced radioactive chemical substances called isotopes significant medicine diagnose body ills agriculture study plant growth preserve foods industry measure flow oil pipelines uncover flaws metal united states atomic energy commission directed development peaceful military nuclear energy
electors meet respective states vote ballot president vice president inhabitant ballots person voted president distinct ballots person voted vice president distinct lists persons voted president persons voted vice president number votes lists sign certify transmit sealed seat government united states directed president senate president senate presence senate house representatives open certificates votes counted person greatest number votes president president number majority number electors appointed person majority persons highest numbers exceeding list voted president house representatives choose immediately ballot president choosing president votes states representation vote quorum purpose consist member members thirds states majority states choice house representatives choose president choice devolve fourth march vice president act president case death constitutional disability president
white histories remembered white heroes recorded thousands black played important part american revolution thousand black served patriot side revolution strange black fighting forgotten earlier continental congress adopted declaration independence struck thomas jefferson angry words condemned slave trade white congress spoke free equal include black names black war heroes honored bravery later removed monuments history books war black fought revolution left record experiences slaves read write laws states slaves educated revolution began half million lived american colonies half million black blacks freed rest slaves end war slaves set free helped win nations freedom contributions helped pass laws northern states abolish slavery shortly war luckily feats black soldiers recorded fought bravely white war
black washington ranks known brave soldiers sailors doomed forgotten later americans heroes highly praised served country ways fought opening battles revolution villages concord lexington massachusetts fact black soldiers american minutemen fired shots heard round british column reached lexington planned seize powder weapons stored patriots redcoats faced small band americans drawn village green major john pitcairn british commander ordered rebels scatter homes opened fire refused returned fire pitcairn peter salem slave marched nearby town private company captain simon salem armed musket patriot soldiers green fired loaded fight major pitcairn called retreat british marched base boston peter salem redcoats companions hot fire walls fences trees british reached safety city americans wounded april black shot fired house bay redcoats climbed boats rowed boston
offered freedom ease england young black sailor philadelphia replied prisoner country traitor end revolution fifteen black youth signed powder boy aboard american privateer royal louis small ship commanded stephen decatur sr youngster james forten born free philadelphia attended school slavery quaker slender young volunteer wealthiest philadelphia war war veteran served drummer army royal louis put sea prey british shipping hope dividing captured prizes officers crew crew hundred twenty black cruise bloody successful captain decatur ship forced british navy brig surrender cruise ended disaster heavily armed enemy frigate aid warships battered royal louis fiercely decatur forced surrender bad moment james forten british seldom exchanged black prisoners fell hands sold west indies serve plantation laborers cruel overseers merciless tropical sun james forten lucky prisoners aboard met captain son boy age friends
july cornwallis army moved east camped small city portsmouth chesapeake bay james reported fleet sailing ships anchor harbor ready carry british troops post lafayette expected news cornwallis sailed weeks change ships lay idle anchor enemy troops remained camp portsmouth early august warning james cornwallis sailed knew army redcoats disappeared portsmouth days lafayette scouts learned enemy secret cornwallis unloading troops yorktown small tobacco port york river sight broad chesapeake lafayette americans moved nearer williamsburg watch saw cornwallis hurry build defenses village weather hot worked digging trenches lafayette reported news washington north days james returned lafayette camp doubt told french officer cornwallis spy british soon exciting word headquarters general washington wrote lafayette news importance commander urged frenchman hold lord cornwallis yorktown prevent army escaping
general john sullivan hampshire join american army opening revolution told slaves prepare ride re going fight liberty general shrewd slave replied satisfaction fighting liberty sir argument black servant struck general fair reasonable gave freedom accident happened england america slaves lived white believed human liberty blacks whites england furnished predominantly black regiment american army known formed rhode island colony unable find white volunteers fill quota blacks wanted fight exchange winning freedom slavery rhode island legislature saying wisest freest bravest nations freed slaves fight armies rhode island slave volunteered declared absolutely free paid wages regular soldier regiment formed white colonel christopher greene cousin general greene command washington known french author marquis de saw connecticut winter wrote journal ferry crossing met detachment rhode island regiment
today historians rescue revolution black heroes shadows past thousands remain invisible helped nation marched fought spied sailed served pilots stories told pages known gangs laborers dug trenches cleared roads built bridges cleared swamps washington armies addition thousands black women played important roles war lost history known poet phyllis wheatley weapons words wrote praise washington impressed invited headquarters boston received celebrity black left records give glimpses parts played struggle served army privates brave strong experienced listed names students revolution find traces unknown hand months war maryland called ships sail enemy raiders white patriot gladly send schooner negro skipper white schooner fearless black skipper unknown seamen general washington wrote granted warrant promised negro pilots
game monopoly going half players lying stomachs listlessly advancing pieces turn resting player sitting bending forward rabbit foot wore neck swung board moved watching board carefully owed players ten thousand dollars girl ada slowly moved shoe forward places watched jerked head baltic avenue mine wait minute wait minute rule didn collect rent promptly didn baltic avenue baltic avenue talking put rule effect baltic avenue yes owe dirty finger found place card houses baltic avenue rent dollars held hand collected money set carefully dollar pile drank red aid liked drink odd containers gave elegant feeling arranged ada put aid large crystal sugar bowl drank politely held handles set sugar bowl front turn mine
ran home fast cut yards dodging shaped bushes trees ducking fences clean washed look loved yards green trimmed white concrete walks flowers thought lucky yards knowing hard dog barked took rabbit foot quickly hand rabbit foot didn fear rabbit foot works told impressed waited rabbit foot hand moment dog lay steps glanced witnessed magic walking quickly entered grove trees crossed boulevard pavement hot ran pausing grass ease feet paused looked saw street grandfather lived twelve houses grandfather lived exactly concrete block houses sign house houses clothes lines tricycles yards chairs porches house shades drawn doors windows shut look house think vacant
harold making list things wanted hear television strange think millions things don want television start trying list watch television harold lied television set room sleep watching late movie woke sunrise semester harold bent list began write ada sitting porch thirty minutes listening ada transistor radio harold marking making list ada put black hair ears leaned forward look harold list writing general things hate television singing songs moving lips record things canned laughter faked stuff going write networks put toy commercials ada re putting fake stuff instantly harold began write sorry thought saw truck tv big mack going mountains dirt walls crushing boulders couldn wait
harold house eating stalk celery told mother going ada left silent trip kitchen soon opened refrigerator door sound mother called upstairs harold eating cried mean haven supper shouting downstairs slipped kitchen quietly heard reaching freezer compartment sister assortment frozen candy bars candy bars harold ear getting candy bar snapped startled re getting piece celery hand closed frozen mound release moment brain actually refused relay command hand sigh withdrew empty hand freezer opened crisper snapped piece celery slammed refrigerator door wash harold dirt fattening harold pushed swinging door hall living room omar cat door sharpening claws screen omar claws grown operation special cleverness
slowly awkwardly harold pedaled hill ahead ada making look easy seated harold hunched handlebars trying yards start pushing conscious looked demonstration ride bicycle thought ada part team teaching ride bicycles folks announcer say ada sailing hill bicycle note ease pedals note straight firm grip handlebars spontaneous applause flew past admiring crowd announcer say wrong pause crowd grow restless announcer consult watch say wrong silence harold hove view puffing effort face red balloon definitely wrong announcer say agree hand crowd raised harold pump hot flushed beneath arch raised arms harold pedaling grew harder stopped bicycle started pushing hill ahead ada riding apparently effortlessly
taking home knew stopped running walking walked slowly thinking discomforts hungry tired cold feet hurt abruptly stopped thinking things mind turned mother thought lonely remembered mother ridden black cow didn remember didn remember sure heard thought mother thought woman brown hair brown eyes brown freckles riding big black cow soft green field colors memory aunt mom ride black cow aunt turned smiling earth idea fiona wouldn ten feet cow yes ride black cow anyway knew mom tell black cow answered wondered person knew mother ridden cow
light hung land wide path cleared highway suddenly look harold planned engineering nature wild looked harold thought tornado freak wind ripping forest valley wind strong sweep land clean part forest moment progress harold paused waited answer tried imagine front cabin goats tried imagine sitting edge porch scratching goats heads important picture turn clock bulldozers picture wouldn clear sign lived thermometer nailed door coca cola bottle opener beneath harold watching door cabin thought opened waited catch sight glint steel hearing gun barrel thought look standing fat pale scared perfect target took steps forward ground soft fertile planting harold stepped front pile trash
ada kneeling glancing harold grandfather coming feel leg starting hurt feel don move leg yes move paused tears eyes spilled rolled hair don feel began cry turned head side invented bicycle anyway listen re going ada dad doctor put leg cast don want doctor fixing leg anticipating suggestion quickly nurse medical person contact nurse school wednesdays doctor father fixes arms legs wiped tears edge harold shirt seeing dirt shirt began gently wipe rest face fell tree broke arm father put cast grandfather set touching grandfather ada began wipe face
harold ada sat ada front steps waiting father home tell harold mother called bed sat ada harold thought moment mother resort tricks dy thought calling voice deep disdain hungry glanced ada staring street ada mystery wanted ask thinking remote egyptian look face harold mother opened front door twelve clock mid night mom coming find called folded hands knees harold find morning harold calling quietly mother shut door opened let omar house harold glanced watch ada sitting hours ten clock ambulance ada father arrived scene accident harold ada stood put stretcher ambulance goat climbed ambulance driven home hospital ada father
spring dales springs kind spring country vet knows din lambing pens bass rumble ewes high insistent bawling lambs heralded end winter beginning piercing yorkshire wind hard bright sunshine flooding bare hillsides top grassy slope pens built straw bales formed row square cubicles holding ewe lambs rob benson coming round end carrying feeding buckets rob hard didn bed weeks maybe boots doze kitchen fire night shepherd scene action ah couple cases today jim face cracked weather broke grin ah need lady hand led bigger enclosure holding sheep scurry caught expertly fleece darting ewe haven deal lifted woolly tail gasped
faint rumbling growl rolled rib cage ear pieces stethoscope burst uncomfortable clarity biggest dog seen limited past experience irish wolfhounds undoubtedly taller number bull mastiffs possibly broader sheer gross poundage irishman dog joe mulligan irish despite yorkshire joe brought afternoon surgery huge hairy form ambled filling passage reminded times seen fields enduring frisking attentions smaller animals massive looked nice friendly dog ominous sound echoing round thorax distant drum roll subterranean cavern chest piece stethoscope bumped ribs sound swelled volume lips fluttered enormous teeth gentle breeze stirred aware big position kneeling floor ear inches mouth infinitely vulnerable feet dropped stethoscope pocket dog gave cold look sideways glance moving head chilling menace immobility
judicially proper bugger nodded head agreement problem giving concern reflected farmers content local word felon typical determined inaccurate attempt scientific term didn mark efforts misses bore obvious evidence derivation fathom fastened expression changed knew stop doggedly trying considered scholastic background sixty teens attended week course instruction agricultural workers leeds university glimpse academic left indelible impression mind intimation deep true facts everyday kindled flame illumined subsequent capped gowned don looked spires oxford nostalgia fortnight leeds conversation laced references professor apparently charge course
thing changed tranquil basis home vagaries practice helen presence warm infinity peace looked wife uncertain events show eternity ago remembered siegfried asked show james threw letter reading desk turned don mind thought says letter changed date happens going weekend fine siegfried ran eye list calls sinecure pleasant measure ponies call case animals injured want judge family pets family pets yes run proper dog show expert judge bit fun kinds pets find think able manage splendid siegfried tipped envelope letter car park luncheon tickets friend want vet badge
atmosphere beer tent needed hot weather place popular usual crowded inhabitants early morning air thick earthy witticisms immoderate laughter cries joy nice thing cared damn heights ponies temperatures dogs fight crush reach leaning counter earnest conversation comely young barmaid serving ladies middle aged practised eye picked glossy red hair puckish face inviting smile hoping soothing chat unable give undivided attention juggling glass throng minutes left field sun blazed scent trampled grass rose warm air band playing selection rose marie peace began steal soul maybe begin enjoy show family pets judge looking forward hour wandered pens mountainous pigs haughty sheep rows shorthorn cows classical wedge shaped grace level dainty feet watched fascination contest shirt young sticking fork straw bale hurling high bar jerk thick brown arms
vastly relieved winter spring saw virtually mrs market midsummer surgery going open door siegfried beat appreciated hospitality shown farms sampled mrs tray top deepest admiration indomitable battle farm going children appeared house received royalty manners impeccable spanish watched threw door wide hurried top step mrs nice inside extended hand house woman dignified inclined head smiled walked past siegfried hastened side negotiated passage running fire enquiries william dennis michael splendid sitting room door opening courteous gestures inside tremendous scraping armchairs hauled sure comfortable position galloped kitchen organize refreshment mrs hall appeared tray raked anxious glance feared fall standard mrs
dramatic occurrence history veterinary practice disappearance draught horse incredible fact glory mainstay profession melted quietly happen tractor begun tradition dies hard agricultural lot horses veterinary education geared things equine poor scientific education respects times wondered designed mental picture horse doctor top hat frock coat horse drawn learned anatomy horse detail animals subjects animal husbandry insistence knowledge shoeing developed amateur blacksmiths medicine surgery important glanders canine distemper learning youngsters knew ridiculous draught horse cast museum piece obvious potential cattle small animal say absorbed vast store equine lore comfort lot patients try
kind ringing sleep bells church tower street pealed christmas midnight mass sharper shriller sound difficult shake mantle unreality wrapped night night christmas eve culmination ideas held christmas flowering emotions experienced growing afternoon call tiny village snow lay deep single street walls ledges windows lights tinseled trees glowed red blue gold left dusk drove beneath laden branches group dark spruce motionless sketched white background fields reached dark market place shops bright decorations light windows fell soft yellow wash trodden snow cobbles anonymously muffled hurrying minute shopping feet slithering rounded stones known christmases scotland place celebrations air subdued excitement started days folks shouting wishes coloured lights winking lonely farmers wives plucking fat geese feathers piled deep feet
cats mrs bond introduced visit gripping hand firmly thrusting jaw defiantly challenging big woman strong high face commanding presence wouldn argued anyway nodded gravely fully understood agreed allowed lead house saw meant big kitchen living room completely cats cats sofas chairs spilling cascades floor cats sitting rows window sills middle bond pallid wispy shirt sleeves reading newspaper scene going familiar lot cats obviously toms atmosphere vibrant distinctive smell fierce overwhelmed sickly wisps big saucepans nameless cat food bubbling stove bond shirt sleeves reading paper lonely island sea cats heard bonds course londoners obscure reason picked north yorkshire retirement bit brass bought house outskirts cats heard mrs bond habit taking strays feeding giving home wanted predisposed favour experience unfortunate feline species fair game kind cruelty neglect
liked student young months practice college vacations spent going round vet course resident student category didn taught things absorb knowledge apparent effort showing interest took case spent farm sitting car reading daily mirror smoking types country towns dull witted bright say liked thing sam company car big part country vet consists solitary driving relief able talk wonderful gate opener outlying farms approached roads struck terror gates hard convey feeling sheer luxury leaped opened pleasure asking students questions days studying examinations fresh memory top vast experience nearly practice gave feeling power drop casual queries cases saw watch lads squirm recently squirmed
found difficult kitson ewe mind effort sheep going rest practice problems rolled concerned poodle penny penny visit surgery notable attractiveness mistress stuck head round waiting room door mrs round face shining tight cap blue black hair illumine place beacon effect heightened fact sitting fifteen stone mrs brought canary claws clipped spence nearly ninety called round flea powder cat doubt look wasn pretty round eyed innocent appeal smiled penny sitting knee smiling mound brown curls forehead consulting room lifted dog table trouble touch sickness mrs replied started yesterday turned lifted thermometer trolley change food inclined eat rubbish
garden gate lilac cottage pulled list visits checked entry cook lilac cottage marston hall bitch overdue place standing grounds hall nineteenth century mansion house rounded turrets reared fringe pine tree half mile door opened heavy featured dark woman sixty regarded unsmilingly morning mrs cook bitch didn smile led small living room yorkshire terrier jumped armchair manner changed cindy cooed gentleman bent stroked animal face radiant affection sat armchair trouble mrs cook worried death clasped hands anxiously pups yesterday ah couldn sleep night die happened dog looked terrier tail wagging gazing bright eyed mistress caress distressed shown signs labour mean panting uneasy discharge beckoned cindy spoke timidly lino till able lift lap
slowed gazed farm lane car parked byre inside green door calving cow student days fully veterinary surgeon animal doctoring realities stretched ahead bound army leave soon wouldn bad job siegfried volunteered service need profession army branch open reserved occupation turn fighting escalated east crying vets doctor horses mules cattle camels timing suggested gods looking usual fact think gods love sway effortlessly winds fate spring smile looking blithe optimism siegfried class pounded parade ground weary hours captain sailed war style meantime glad help departure run things aid assistant left practice hands strangers till returned
marvellous thing set inestimable advantage large animal practitioner passion dogs cats spent wide outdoors yorkshire captivating background household pets contrast treated extra interest interest kind based sentiment commerce things linger enjoy suppose intensive small animal practice easy regard thing huge sausage machine endless procession hairy forms prod hypodermic needles individual entities driving town able identify patients difficulty rover johnson recovered ear canker coming mistress patch walker broken leg healed beautifully balanced happily owner coal wagon spot briggs bit rake anyway soon tearing barbed wire ambling market place cobbles search adventure kick recalling ailments mulling characteristics personalities manifested ways personal reaction treatment
suppose wry humour fact call papers arrived birthday didn joke event preserved memory picture clear today walked dining room morning helen perched high stool end table eyes downcast side plate birthday present tin blue square tobacco envelope didn ask contained expecting gave jolt find week presenting lord cricket ground st john wood london week frightening speed final plans tidying loose ends practice getting ministry agriculture forms arranging possessions helen home stay decided finish tea friday call arnold clock afternoon knew job expedition visit clung bracken strewn slope depths hills didn speak directly arnold miss thompson postmistress village
earliest earth early live modern early chapter learn interesting things lived earth earliest earth called prehistoric prehistoric means history recent scientists working east africa discovered think remains earliest prehistoric east africa lived million ago scientists believe early appeared million ago remains early east africa discovered recently scientists trying learn believe east africa type early type early java appeared million ago early java lived island java coast southeastern asia peking lived china heidelberg lived europe types early appeared java peking heidelberg larger brains java early live earliest lived animals ate small animals fish caught hands lived caves trees early human beings animals early human larger brain important thing human
read mesopotamia lived egypt mesopotamia chapter learn egyptian ways living egypt divided classes upper class included pharaoh family noblemen priests upper class lived fine houses servants middle class included writers called scribes government clerks traders craftsmen scribes wrote egyptian records egyptians knew read write egyptians belonged lower class class included workers captured slaves worked hard hours farms irrigation works road building projects free workers pay high taxes pharaoh workers poor mesopotamia free workers slaves egypt able members higher class egyptians ate rich poor egyptian farms raised plenty wheat barley fruits vegetables upper class egyptians enjoyed meat fish lower class egyptians drank beer upper class egyptians drank wine study map egypt chapter page egypt located trade place africa asia meet egypt traded nations central africa egyptian traders received ivory gold
phoenicians conquerors hittites phoenicians develop religion hebrews phoenicians famous greatest sea traders early history chapter find phoenician traders spread important ideas lands mediterranean sea country phoenicia located south asia minor eastern shore mediterranean sea phoenicia narrow country miles north south miles east west phoenicia farming land phoenicia forests cedar fir trees provide wood building ships phoenicia fine deep harbors seagoing ships early history phoenicians began build wooden ships trade nations mediterranean sea phoenician cities grew coast phoenicia important phoenician cities tyre sidon byblos settled phoenicia lands persian gulf islands eastern mediterranean sea phoenicians built strong nation times phoenicians ruled egyptians hittites assyrians persians phoenician cities ruled period phoenicians ruled mesopotamia period ruled phoenicians chief traders nations mediterranean sea
roman empire lasted nearly hundred largest roman empire included western southeastern europe northern africa asia minor syria palestine part mesopotamia easy govern huge empire romans governed important powers roman empire government held central main government rome powers governments province empire main roman government try run governments provinces rome simply required conquered peoples obey roman laws peace pay taxes rome able govern empire successfully ways roman empire government federal government united states central main government government part nation united states freedom important part government roman empire freedoms important part government latin language spoken romans roman contribution latin basis modern languages spanish french portuguese italian english language latin words english words latin art culture government language
days roman empire fading period beginning europe period called middle ages middle ages lasted thousand historians divide period parts early middle ages later middle ages chapter read europe early middle ages lasted early middle ages called dark ages meant period learning progress dark ages dark thought peoples europe slowly developing ideas farming trading methods ways living roman culture continued parts europe germany britain roman culture known roman soldiers stationed france frankish kingdom franks latin roman language roman laws course italy home romans roman culture remained strongest period roman empire europe large cities cities centers busy trade cities destroyed wars took place roman empire result trade carried empire split
heard arabian stories aladdin sinbad sailor exciting adventure stories written tell moslem lands adventure stories tell moslem chapter learn culture moslems moslem empire grew capital city moved damascus baghdad moslem capital city moslem ruler called caliph caliphs appointed arabs important government officials later syrians persians egyptians served government officials arabic arabian language official language moslem empire caliphs arabic coins replace byzantine persian coins caliphs set postal system carried mail parts empire built roads irrigation ditches canals unite empire moslem empire organized large rule moslem empire split parts spain egypt persia ruler lands remained moslem lands moslem rulers encouraged trade moslem traders carried goods india spain pay tax entered country result moslem traders able move goods easily moslem lands
european kings kings england france able unite countries later middle ages european kings strong unite countries kings busy fighting wars chapter learn european nations developed charlemagne ruler frankish empire received title holy roman emperor pope title supposed mean western roman empire continued empire ruled charlemagne charlemagne died german kingdom developed eastern part frankish empire german kings ruled german kingdom wanted title holy roman emperor title gave rule large part italy german king tried rule italy stopped pope german noblemen german kings powerful rule germany large part italy otto otto ruled beginning lands germany italy called holy roman empire otto death german kings lost italy increased power germany strongest nation europe german king frederick barbarossa won large part italy german ruler lost control italy
taste piece fruit ripe want finish eating europe discovery north america took place ripe europe interested lands chapter learn europe slowly began interested exploring parts europeans discover north america norsemen group adventurous seamen northern europe group norsemen landed eastern coast north america called land vinland norsemen stay vinland shortly norsemen returned europe told stories adventures north america norsemen discovery soon forgotten europe norsemen discovery north america soon forgotten remember europe europe divided small weak kingdoms europe lived feudal manors lives difficult knew places europe traded lands surprising europeans showed interest norsemen discovery europe slowly began change trade began increase towns cities grew crusades helped speed change helped europeans learn products asia spices fine cloth
heard term balance power describe dealings nations europe beginning nation powerful nations joined order balance equal power chapter learn wars fought balance power european nations spain richest powerful nation europe spain ruled philip member hapsburg family philip roman catholic reason tried end protestant movement netherlands belonged spain netherlands fought spain forcing return catholic church austria ruled hapsburg family hapsburg ruler austria held title holy roman emperor ruler german states italy real power hapsburgs control austria bohemia hungary central europe austrian hapsburgs catholics fought protestant movement inside holy roman empire france important catholic nation henry fourth protestant king france frenchmen catholics henry decided catholic tried help french protestants henry issued royal order called edict allowed french protestants worship wished
napoleon finally defeated waterloo europe leaders tried return europe french revolution chapter learn happened europe result actions congress vienna napoleon defeated important european leaders met vienna austria plan peace terms meeting called congress vienna lasted june leaders congress vienna prince metternich austria metternich wished nations ruled french revolution leader lord castlereagh britain castlereagh interested helping britain carry increase trade nations peacefully leaders czar alexander russia prince talleyrand france leaders european nations agreed important idea wished restore bring kings ruled european nations french revolution leaders congress vienna believed france give nations compensation payment damages suffered fighting napoleon compensation paid form land compensation prussia russia gained land europe nations britain gained colonies parts congress vienna leaders formed alliance group allied nations sure peace terms congress obeyed
industrial revolution change europe happened result industrial revolution richer poorer chapter find industrial revolution changed europe industrial revolution helped growth population britain population grew million million meant british population doubled size population growth result industrial revolution improvements farm machinery discovery farming methods increased food supply improvements medicine medical practices resulted health care result fewer babies died birth lived longer europe cities grew rapidly industrial revolution nearly ten europe lived farms small villages industrial revolution began began move towns cities moved cities longer able earn living farms machinery farms increased fewer farm workers needed growing number factories cities provided jobs workers moved cities find jobs cities provided jobs workers workers forced live poor conditions cities
model railroad train important japanese history model railroad train ruler japan matthew perry american naval officer visiting japan japanese ruler impressed model train willing allow japan trade united states chapter learn modern history japan southeast asia imperialism chapter learned japan emperor real ruler japan shogun general japanese army beginning early shoguns began stop japan dealings nations foreigners allowed enter japan japanese allowed leave japan shoguns set strict rules wished prevent european nations conquering japan result japan dealings nations hundred fifty small dutch trading post allowed remain japanese territory mid japanese interested scientific ideas europe united states ideas japan dutch trading post japan merchants traders united states interested trading nations asia merchants wanted american government ask japan begin trading united states
call period living today space age call atomic age call today remarkable taking place everyday chapter read important developments helped shape kind living today atomic energy powerful force set atoms split chain reaction action atoms splitting rapidly war scientists united states learned atomic energy atomic bombs bombs recall japan bombs caused terrible damage showed important atomic energy united states nation trained scientists resources needed produce atomic power american government wanted atomic energy peaceful purposes american government tried set agency control production atomic energy sure peaceful purposes soviet union refused accept american plan learned soviet union support american plan peaceful atomic energy soviet union exploded atomic bomb united states continued develop atomic weapons united states soviet union developed hydrogen bomb powerful atomic bomb
american continents north america south america divided nations united states strongest nations read chapter nations americas weak find nations working solve problems late united states faced problems home troublesome problems war viet nam americans discouraged viet nam war effects american nation thousand american soldiers viet nam thousand american soldiers killed thousand wounded war costing united states billion dollars side close winning war nation south viet nam destroyed terrible fighting march effort bring peace talks president johnson ordered american planes limit bombing north viet nam soon action north viet nam agreed hold peace talks richard nixon president january progress peace talks president nixon tried end war announced plans begin withdrawal american troops viet nam start promised pull thousand american soldiers immediately thousand end
exciting periods history able reach outer space landed moon era space exploration beginning earth facing important problems entire history find ways solve problems destroy earth united states ahead race moon december american astronauts frank james lovell william anders flew spaceship apollo moon dark side moon apollo apollo space missions tested special space vehicle known lunar module lem designed explore moon surface vehicle proved successful prepared landing moon july apollo space mission achieved outstanding success astronauts neil armstrong edwin aldrin landed space vehicle moon michael collins circled moon spaceship armstrong aldrin walk moon explored moon surface collected rock samples earth parts able watch historic event television american landing moon meant winning race space proved able live space
binoculars began standing side road crest overlooking small arizona town winter night lieutenant roger shawn found binoculars difficult metal cold clumsy fur parka heavy gloves breath hissing moonlit air fogged lenses forced pause wipe frequently stubby gloved finger known futility action binoculars worthless town uncover secrets astonished learn finally succeeded instruments million times powerful binoculars sad foolish human image shawn leaning boulder arms holding binoculars eyes cumbersome binoculars feel comfortable familiar hands familiar sensations death imagine try reconstruct happened point lieutenant shawn swept town slowly methodically large half dozen wooden buildings set single main street quiet lights activity sound carried gentle wind shifted attention town surrounding hills low dusty scrubby vegetation occasional withered yucca tree crusted snow
gladstone hearing death chinese gordon egypt reported muttered irritably general chosen propitious die gordon death threw gladstone government turmoil crisis aide suggested circumstances unique unpredictable gladstone crossly answered crises meant political crises course scientific crises nearly forty afterward major importance received wide publicity interesting publicized crises atomic energy space capability concerned chemistry physics biology expected physics natural sciences fully modern highly mathematical chemistry wake physics biology retarded child lagged newton galileo knew moon heavenly bodies late situation changed postwar period ushered era biologic research spurred discovery antibiotics suddenly enthusiasm money biology torrent discoveries poured tranquilizers hormones genetic code kidney transplanted birth control pills tested biology fastest growing field science doubling knowledge ten farsighted researchers talked seriously changing genes controlling evolution regulating mind ideas wild speculation ten
click dark reddish tint clearly overview town white dark red outlines buildings dark begin scavenger ir plates infrared films produce picture basis heat light warm appears white picture cold black buildings dark colder ground night comes buildings give heat rapidly white spots forty fifty white areas film bodies inside houses street count number fifty case limbs head clearly body lying flat street lit cigarette pointed white rectangle nearly tell automobile notice bright white spot end means motor running generating heat van nodded question arises dead bodies temperatures forty cold indicating death ago warmer car
intercom helicopter pilot piedmont approaching gentlemen advise stone circle give look helicopter banked steeply looked saw town buzzards landed night thickly clustered bodies afraid stone represent vector infectious spread burton eat meat infected carry organisms stone nodded staring window gas stone flicked intercom pilot canisters yes sir circle blanket town yes sir helicopter tilted swung soon ground clouds pale blue gas stone highly effective low concentrations metabolism birds high metabolic rate creatures consist feathers muscle heartbeats twenty species eat weight gas yes hit hard helicopter banked hovered gas slowly cleared gentle wind moving south soon ground hundreds birds lay flapped wings dead stone frowned watched mind knew forgotten
cut deeper bleeding incision suddenly abruptly struck vessel crumbling red black material fell floor damned stone clotted solid burton wonder didn bleed burton help turn corpse burton deep incision medial thigh cutting artery vein bleeding reached artery thick finger clotted firm reddish mass incredible began incision chest exposed ribs searched dr benedict office sharp knife wanted fine settled chisel open capsule broke ribs expose lungs heart bleeding burton took deep breath cut open heart slicing left ventricle interior filled red spongy material liquid blood clotted solid question idea clot vascular system quarts blood burton sat heavily doctor chair stared body cut open heard thing called disseminated coagulation rare requires sorts special circumstances initiate
directive part final wildfire protocol action event biologic emergency called placement limited thermonuclear weapon site exposure terrestrial exogenous organisms code directive function bomb infection burn prevent spread single step wildfire protocol agreed authorities involved executive defense debate unhappy assignment nuclear device wildfire laboratory wish accepted program defense argued aboveground thermonuclear detonation purpose repercussions internationally president finally agreed directive insisted retain control decision bomb stone displeased arrangement forced accept president considerable pressure reject idea compromised argument hudson institute study hudson institute contracted study consequences report president face circumstances scenarios issue order according degree seriousness scenarios satellite manned capsule lands unpopulated area united states president area domestic uproar small loss
wake sir mark hall opened eyes room lit steady pale fluorescent light blinked rolled stomach wake sir beautiful female voice soft seductive sat bed looked room hello wake sir wake sir reached pushed button bed light waited voice speak thought hell effective wake slipped clothes wondered worked simple tape worked response sort message repeated hall spoke test theory pushed button voice softly wish sir sir yes believe sir waited light clicked slipped shoes leave male voice answering service supervisor dr hall wish treat project seriously hall laughed voice responded comments taped replies clever system sorry wasn sure thing worked voice luscious voice supervisor heavily belongs miss gladys stevens sixty
obvious organism planet galaxy protection survive extremes temperature vacuum existed space doubt organisms survive instance class bacteria known thermophilic thrived extreme heat multiplying enthusiastically temperatures high known bacteria recovered egyptian tombs sealed thousands bacteria viable secret lay bacteria ability form spores molding hard shell shell enabled organism survive freezing boiling thousands food combined advantages space suit suspended animation doubt spore travel space planet galaxy likely source contamination earth answer likely source closest source earth report suggested bacteria left surface earth eons ago beginning emerge oceans hot baked continents bacteria depart fishes primitive mammals ape bacteria head air slowly ascend literally space evolve unusual forms learning derive energy directly sun requiring food energy source
level painted quiet shade blue wore blue uniforms burton showed hall floor circular arranged series concentric circles actually re outer perimeter live cafeteria sleeping rooms inside ring laboratories inside sealed central core satellite re sealed yes glove box burton asked hall shook head burton explained glove boxes large clear plastic boxes handle sterile materials boxes holes cut sides gloves attached airtight seal handle contents slipped hands gloves reached box fingers touched material gloves step burton rooms glorified glove boxes glove hand plastic suit entire body mean walked curved corridor room marked central control stone working quietly central control cramped room stuffed electronic equipment wall glass allowing workers look adjacent room glass hall saw mechanical hands moving capsule table setting
struggled bed trying move straps hall pushed gently relax jackson relax sick slowly jackson lay want cigarette afraid hell want sorry smoking allowed look young fella lived told mexican food liquor butts tried spell makes body feel terrible terrible told doctors doctors doctors phoenix big fancy hospital shiny equipment shiny white uniforms real fancy hospital wouldn sister insisted lives phoenix husband george stupid ninny didn want fancy hospital wanted rest insisted june july hospital hospital sick dammit problem damn stomach mine bleeding christ bleeding blood knew body blood bleeding stomach yeah needles stuck nodded intravenous lines blood going
arthur kind horror telephone conversation received home finished dinner sat living room read newspapers seen newspaper days busy piedmont business phone rang assumed wife moment later base uneasy feeling picked receiver major speaking major colonel burns unit unit processing clearing unit base personnel checked unit calls transmitted yes colonel sir notification contingencies voice guarded choosing words carefully open line informing crash forty minutes ago big head utah frowned informed routine training mission crash province phantom sir en route san francisco topeka sir goddard wanted informed instance join post team goddard goddard moment sat living room staring newspaper headline absently berlin crisis feared thought colonel meant lewis goddard chief codes section vandenberg
machine machine course give precise order amino acids give rough percentage composition valine cystine proline turn give deal information shot dark machine reason believe rock green organism composed partially proteins true living thing earth proteins didn mean moment tried imagine proteins impossible earth proteins part cell wall comprised enzymes known enzymes recalled remark george thompson british biochemist called enzymes true enzymes acted catalysts chemical reactions providing surface molecules react hundreds thousands millions enzymes existing solely aid single chemical reaction enzymes chemical reactions chemical reactions standing problem early planning wildfire question posed study form totally unlike alive academic matter biology george wald unique science define subject matter
american secret decade drug developed jensen pharmaceuticals spring experimental chemical designated short abbreviation found result routine screening tests employed jensen compounds pharmaceutical companies jensen tested drugs scatter approach running compounds standard battery tests designed pick significant biologic activity tests run laboratory animals rats dogs monkeys twenty tests jensen found peculiar inhibited growth infant animal drug attained full adult size discovery prompted tests produced intriguing results drug jensen learned inhibited shift normal body cells bizarre form precursor cancer jensen excited put drug intensive programs study september doubt stopped cancer unknown mechanism inhibited reproduction virus responsible leukemia animals taking drug develop disease animals demonstrating disease showed marked regression result drug excitement jensen contained soon recognized drug broad spectrum agent killed virus polio rabies leukemia common wart oddly killed bacteria
hall walked lab stared glass infant looked tried think brain running frantic circles found difficult think logically earlier sensation verge discovery lost minutes stared images passed burton dying hand clutched chest los panic bodies cars going control realized scared scared death words scared death answer slowly forcing brain methodical cop diabetes cop didn insulin habit going drank gave acidosis baby gave acidosis hall shook head baby normal sighed beginning told logical metabolic acidosis kind acidosis acid body die acid injected hydrochloric acid veins acid meant death body compensate breathing rapidly manner lungs blew carbon dioxide body supply carbonic acid carbon dioxide formed blood decreased
rising falling siren clocks snapped hands hours hands began sweep stop clocks glowed red green line dial detonation occur mechanical voice repeated calmly minutes automatic stone quietly system cuts level contaminated let happen hall holding key hand level sector sealed substations levels yes conventional routes sealed central core central core communicated levels stone shrugged safeguards hall remembered talking burton earlier central core safeguards theory inside central core straight top practice sensors located core prevent originally intended prevent escape lab animals break free core sensors released curare derivative water soluble form gas automatic guns fires darts mechanical voice minutes forty seconds hall moving lab staring glass area central core
matter penny asked lizzie lost mickey mouse ring goes honk squeeze lizzie lost going stay lost find penny found pink ice skates pompoms forever live ice skates lizzie twist ankles wear live mickey mouse ring goes honk squeeze hah penny sunglasses aunt gave dopey things big lost found sky ring sky lizzie going find lizzie lost ring penny sang didn find don noise lizzie told busy looking ring need quiet penny asked think going whisper think smart lizzie show lizzie started looking kitchen whoops look found lizzie yelled penny asked clown hat wore halloween big deal penny find ring wish mickey mouse ring goes honk squeeze lizzie
going lizzie asked penny lizzie yelled room mickey mouse ring yellow band lizzie called blue wood plastic mickey mouse hat hat lizzie wears hat penny blue plastic ring mickey mouse wearing hat looking yelled lizzie found found mickey mouse ring goes honk squeeze honk honk honk bathroom penny told lizzie floor robe knew look mean looked lizzie asked sure penny looking let play honk wait week yelled lizzie penny making big fuss mother making big fuss father making big fuss making biggest fuss week birthday important lizzie penny birthday week fuss lizzie trouble penny making fuss big sister okay lizzie fuss
okay let jump rope penny whoosh thump thump jumping asked lizzie going fall sisters jump penny fall pick big sister kerthunk yelled penny knee bleeding hurts lizzie ran known yelled penny don big sister baby penny looked knee cried cried cried sister cry want penny thought felt lizzie pulling wagon ambulance pulled penny room lie lizzie tucked penny bed medicine don want medicine penny shouted medicine lizzie wagon filled lizzie stuffed snake peter favorite king kong poster witch cape big bowl raisin mint ice cream lizzie big sister penny guess wanted birthday pretty big sister pretty big sister lizzie thank penny don forget week won bed early
scout morning early reported buffalo including began ready stepmothers helping son kill buffalo save kidney skin didn trying poke fun give encouragement feel proud talk father talked course felt big night hunt father instructed son land buffalo found reported rough chase buffalo dangerous places land level watch buffalo closely running straight ahead turning close stand chance shoot heart observe buffalo looking corner eye look quick powerful horns horse toss high air killed hit spot kill buffalo arrow
hard finding kind string knew needed gut string bows kids didn kenny house brought ball white cotton string mother string red chili thick soft didn bowstring soon bows sat stream started skinning willow twigs arrows past noon tall willows cool shade lots minnows flashing shallow water swimming wildly sure wanted stream minnows hoping filled rusty coffee cans pickle jars full making bows arrows minnows sand rocks secret arrows crooked shot didn straight flew arcs curves crawled leaves branches deep willow groves looking willow branches skinned sticky wet bark whittled knobs straight
shortly left hilltop hut traveled camp unusual guest shape known friends full grown chimpanzee owner district officer finding ape large size awkward wanted send london zoo present visit animal england leave wrote asking mind taking left depositing home london replied mind don think john idea big visualized ape standing feet high rude shock moved arrived small van seated huge crate doors crate opened stepped ease confidence film star considerably shaken standing bow legs normal chimp position waist straightened head level chest huge arms measured size round hairy chest owing bad tooth growth sides face swollen proportion
sound mother voice calling joan supper filled helpless wordless anger understand busy important found anthills vacant lot ants reason struggled hills terrible journey blades grass big biggest trees fine road pulling grass weeds road killing ants hurried job things killed ants forgot quickly killed ran road walk shortest grown ups going someplace dashes quick sharp turns children playing game watched god ants wondered observed rain ant holes fill water kind roof ran trash heap side lot stopped saw girl standing sidewalk marjorie lived block jacks want play jacks marjorie asked
ago days ancients poor maiden lived gateway zuni river black stone walls houses standing tops cliffs lava narrow place river runs houses lived poor maiden feeble father aged mother unmarried brothers killed wars died family lived helplessly things concerned lack house true making gardens plantings beans pumpkins squashes melons corn maiden able mainly products things family supported days ancients sheep cattle hunt supply meat gotten barter products fields hunted things family barely needs supplies meat house brave strong young lived rooms empty contained leavings lived worn autumn wintertime snow fell cold
friend human beings gods demeter goddess fields harvest taught tribes hunters stop roaming pursuit game taught plow scatter seed reap harvest goddess summer fields golden grain sacred threshing floor wheat divided chaff stood smiling sheaves wheat poppies hand thanksgiving loaf bread baked grain prayed thanked gift gods dancing song harvest festival demeter daughter called persephone maiden goddess spring demeter gods loved child human mother wandered meadows fields sun shine brighter grass flowers grow lush abundant passed farmers livestock prospered children born grew health early golden days earth knew winter spring season growth summer season harvest ice snow unknown youth beauty persephone attracted young wanted marry mother trying shield
michael sat bed watched aunt aunt dew rocking rocking chair wanted play hundred penny box especially raining aunt dew singing song sang forget call john john father mother say mike aunt dew michael john john michael father home aunt dew say boy hard tell meant father wait knew meant aunt dew didn call mother michael heard father mother talking bed late night soon going atlanta bring aunt dew won look won call mother michael tell crying tell comfortable mother crying hard rode half city mama dee homemade ice cream decent ice cream mama dee ice cream melted fore home
snow falling quickly beginning form piles corners wooden cross windowpane winter sky pink white bare trees front yard cast weird shadows pale winter light suddenly flapped yard landed awkwardly snow fell forward beak bird struggled feet glanced intently small white size sparrow bird waddled clumsily occasionally pecking ground boy window watched bird nose glass pressed forehead pane watched vapor print disappeared times wondered able tonight lawn chairs front yard heavy snow longed tip mother called bird flew boy watched fly gracefully moonlit sky idly wondered kind bird watched sight barn resumed drawings window mother called sharply began walk slowly hall kitchen stepped warmly heated sun porch waited looking table mother wash hands kitchen
painstakingly folded sheet newspaper limp winged glider stood window pushed night dark wind whirled triangle paper leaned watch glider float saw uttered shout hey startled stepped sat floor began cry knee sorry mando fall stay wailed finally sobbed mama didn say nose dive window want dive stories nose huh tickled boy laughed finished laughing started crying sigh recognized symptoms terminal fatigue hey let bed tell story ok crying brother thought wouldn bed wouldn stop crying started making plane watching tears nose running continued wail sailed let lie floor bawled toast want sniffled sugar rumpled curly brown hair kitchen toaster broken speared fork edge piece bread held gas burner bread toasted buttered sprinkled sugar carried living room
levi home rate found entrance guest room friends neighbors smiled caught eye warm nervous bound thousand invisible threads face danger excitement live inside shells maybe re invisible re shells shells melt real cousin saw pushed squeezed elbow softly boy bed awakened hey adam hope favor adam cousin cousin ruth commotion don blame girl find bring home sign muster book pleased cousin sure sunrise don signing book hopes prayers ah moses bark bite learned adam slow learning father thought prayer don let front standing don let look chicken thief caught act
finn pruning plum trees garden rock cracking branches tree pruning asked finn ground piling branches don heard hinton boys laughing side valley pruning minute rock hit limb head rock hit finn feet tree finn started throwing rocks minutes rocks falling hailstones land rocky sides valley plenty rocks throw rocks hit finn foot rocks peeled largest hinton boy head think finn fight names goes fought afternoon rocks sunset hinton boys took path hill home pa asked finished pruning trees told told mom live wait mom goin pa asked happen replied calmly mort hinton boys
began fence wall resolved thick strong yards length half circle place rock place yards door cave center worked hard rains hindering days nay weeks thought perfectly secure till wall finished scarcely credible labor especially bringing piles woods driving ground bigger needed wall finished double fenced turf wall raised close persuaded onshore perceive habitation rounds woods game rain admitted frequent discoveries walks advantage found kind wild pigeons built wood pigeons tree house pigeons holes rocks taking young endeavored breed tame grew older flew give frequently found nests young meat managing household affairs found wanting things thought impossible
easiest kind figurative language understand simile simile words says outright similes conversation create clear images talking instance say fog pea soup mean fog thick pea soup poem called meadow mouse page theodore roethke makes mouse saw comparing familiar things mouse whiskers sticking cartoon mouse feet small leaves batlike ears wriggled minuscule puppy connecting common experiences poet experience similes help share thoughts feelings kind figurative language calls metaphor say perfect target jokes fortress creating metaphors calling target fortress give quick clear picture person words leaving words simile fortress image stronger absolute poem construction page patricia calls construction workers spider workers creates metaphor show small workers structure unfinished building
maya angelou born spent early arkansas california place birth st louis missouri studied music dance member cast porgy bess musical sponsored department nation tour subsequently appeared number broadway productions working dr martin luther king wrote newspaper columns ghana egypt autobiography caged bird sings published sequel gather published poetry collections written plays composed songs fluent spanish french italian arabic paul born novelist short story writer birthplace minneapolis minnesota teenager worked woodsman northern minnesota experiences job inspired stories decades published short stories writing wife jane published wife decided collaborate novels interest young results horns plenty white popular paul writing centers animals relationships human beings deals nature unchangeable laws govern richard armour born american humorist san pedro california
julio born american poet bronx section york city editor rican journal contemporary puerto rican thought poetry writes spanish english appeared journal chicano conducted number poetry workshops frequently reads poetry high school college audiences spent deal effort encouraging young write poetry alden born born windsor nova scotia canada spent number newspaper reporter editor province brunswick writer residence university brunswick collection short stories rose puritan appeared collection poems bread wine salt received governor general award poetry published collections short stories poetry poetry short stories appeared anthologies grace ogot born african short story writer central nyanza district kenya country british colony graduating high school took nurse training england uganda worked nurse hospital later member student health service university college makerere shifted writing career accepted employment scriptwriter broadcaster british broadcasting company overseas service
clown arounds re funniest family town mrs clown clown daughter bubbles baby wag dog clown arounds funny dinner plates lamp rug refrigerator funny clown arounds playing tricks tell jokes riddles wag likes yes trying hot dog clown put pies teeth love act silly uh silly clown arounds house re cute ring bathtub weekend cousin visit clown arounds gave big hello bubbles gave hand suitcase clown arounds invited sit letter drink cup letter sting don want home started feeling homesick bubbles tried extra hard show baby clown sit clock don wanted daddy clown sits clock don clock baby offered special treat wag tried help
full story human cultural development known information accumulated reason development techniques archaeology led accurate dating fossils cultural remains earlier beliefs human origins culture revised past quarter century culture developed slowly early human societies climate environmental conditions main change styles culture change adjustments slow beginnings rate cultural change speeded let note major stages present theory cultural evolution recent evidence points human beings living africa dr mary leakey working husband dr louis leakey discovered type human lived tanzania million ago called early human homo habilis ability feet tall homo habilis belong genus modern humans discoveries leakeys upset earlier theories age development modern humankind debate touched son richard wife found humanlike remains dating million richard leaky expedition kenya found shattered skull brain capacity larger homo habilis larger java peking
unit book begins geographical description land climate affect culture important ways mountains deserts serve barriers peoples languages presence absence water determines population densities ways living rivers seacoasts offer opportunities trade development civilization enormous region middle east divided smaller areas center small countries syria lebanon jordan iraq israel map page shows area largely plateau fertile lands middle east stretches barren desert north core countries larger mountainous nations turkey iran afghanistan south core lies arabian peninsula surrounded persian gulf indian ocean red sea area plateau consisting mainly deserts west core area stretch countries northern africa bordering mediterranean sea african nations language history customs connect middle eastern core arabian peninsula sahara extends east west length north africa hindered close connections northern southern parts vast continent area mediterranean sea persian gulf known fertile crescent area extends north mediterranean coast continues eastward arc follows tigris euphrates rivers southeast flow persian gulf
middle east peasant villagers nomadic tribesmen city dwellers developments technology changing political systems growth cities continuing influence west changing styles groups agriculture mainstay middle eastern economy middle east today live villages ratio gradually changing favor cities grassland plateaus north agriculture spring stream diverted irrigation villages cluster water sources villagers till fields wheat grains tend herds surrounding pastures coastal plains river valleys water abundant agriculture intense land tends overcrowded farmer plot small addition grains farmers raise vegetables fruit trees sorts egypt village peasants known poor living grow land pay taxes landowners live city land reforms sponsored national governments alleviated poverty villages breaking large holdings distributing land nomads fixed home move place place follow fixed seasonal routes moving area vegetation scarcer returning started
slavery concept africans africans slaves ancient greece rome islam forbade enslaving fellow muslims prevent non muslims slaves muslim slavery africa involved fewer european slave trade slave harder americas africa muslim portuguese started european slavery slaves country portuguese provinces black slaves white late fifteenth sixteenth centuries europeans wanted african gold ivory pepper slaves exchange offered liquor cloth guns manufactured goods settlement americas increased demand slaves sugar plantation owners cotton planters desired larger supplies inexpensive labor europeans lost interest african products preferring profitable slave trade africans interested product guns weapons increasingly provide slaves europeans demanded guns chief king successfully attack neighboring tribe captives sold slavers slaves secured traders variety ways ships anchor harbor wait sellers slaves arrive interior avoid wait full cargo boats river africans kidnapped brought ship wars encouraged villages europeans participate hopes increasing number captives
religion important place african religious customs vary greatly tribe basic ideas beliefs exist continent africans religious beliefs similar members western culture africans believe supreme god beliefs lesser gods ancestral spirits feel god created universe set motion africans think god created withdrew let system run africans believe god continues involved human affairs varying degrees africans follow tribal religions million muslims including north africa million christians million asians hindus live east south africa places dahomey priesthood prescribes believe deal variation beliefs exists tribe tribe village hunters food gatherers africans faith called belief existence spirits living non living things mountains lakes forests sky pygmies forest northeastern zaire believe supreme identify forest unlike africans fear forest think dangerous place africa respect ancestral spirits especially belonging founder clan heroes
despite tradition monarchy african countries kingdoms independence ancient kingdom ethiopia tiny nations lesotho swaziland southern africa monarchies nations republics african republics permit single political party party dominant parties influence major nations party political systems include guinea ivory coast kenya tanzania zaire botswana ghana sierra leone permit parties nigeria togo ruled army parties permitted nations military control permit political party exist case burundi central african republic republic congo uganda african republics permit elections independence elections common african republics kenya held election chad election countries botswana tanzania elections democratic determine selection government officials countries elections determine leadership upper volta rigged meaningless nigeria republics parliament national assembly kind independence republics generally supported nationalist parties popular support political leaders promised rewards especially higher standard living
india religions strong influence indian art architecture science temples sculpture india unique needs knowledge hinduism buddhism appreciate complexity indian architectural techniques artistic expression influenced asian countries chapters china japan southeast asia early buddhist art human image buddha depicted symbols lotus birth tree enlightenment wheel teaching footprints century roman sculptors northwestern india afghanistan created buddha human form sculptors created youthful faced buddha dressed roman toga folds roman style buddha model later works indian chinese japanese artists picture distinctive marks image buddha signs physical perfection supernatural powers lump head disguised wavy locks hair top knot represents supreme wisdom attained enlightenment large circular halo signifies divine radiance hand gestures clues understanding buddha statues buddha seated cross lotus position hand shown meditation dome shaped earthen mound covered plastered brick relics buddha topped umbrella symbol royalty circular stone disks
revolutionary political parties developed japanese war ended revolutionary newspapers magazines appeared revolutionaries collected money arms led uprisings attempted assassinations arrested executed fled japan prominent revolutionary sun peasant origin born village canton joining brother hawaii attended mission school later christian studied medicine decided spend professional revolutionary sun opposed manchu government wanted country chinese republican rule organized kuomintang nationalist party rebel group leadership failed plan seize canton sun fled japan traveled widely preaching message raising funds movement london kidnapped manchu agents hoped return china british friend roused public opinion sun released sun program change chinese government society stated book principles principles nationalism democracy livelihood nationalism meant overthrow manchu dynasty restoration chinese rule democracy called constitutional republic equality popularly elected president legislature livelihood called equal ownership land decent level living downfall manchu rule started controversy chinese officials investors protested government takeover chinese owned railroads
china growing population requires increasing food supply communists achieve goal industrialization china produce food sell crops abroad obtain foreign currency money spent buy needed foreign industrial equipment develop natural resources hoping achieve greater production communists abolished privately owned farms combined collective farms newer farming methods increase farm output stages land animals farm tools large landowners redistributed landless peasants communist leadership public trials held landless peasants charged wealthy landowners offenses crimes charging excessive interest loans overworking laborers recalled landlord confessed wrongdoing re educated lived allowed farmers landlords resisted put death gained land peasants supported government cooperative farms established later cooperative farms land remained privately owned farmers cooperative worked land addition cooperative land farmers small private plots homes farmer tended land sold produce farm output increased government share feed growing urban population cooperative farms merged communes
restoration meiji emperor japanese government ruled samurai helped end tokugawa rule government oligarchy government exercised political power samurai leaders expressed dissatisfaction oligarchy ran country rebellions meiji government successfully put imperial forces early opposition meiji government shifted military actions organized political party activity pressure put meiji government parties desire end unequal foreign treaties led modern japanese constitution oligarchs ito responsibility writing constitution tour study foreign constitutions produced constitution combined japanese western political ideas constitution presented public gift emperor subjects constitution proclaimed emperor absolute ruler nation actually emperor ruler appointed prime minister cabinet ministers close advisers held real power government cabinet responsible emperor diet legislative body ministers held posts held confidence emperor army navy held important check government active generals admirals head army navy
lying large nations india china southeast asia covers area map page stretches approximately miles burma bay bengal eastern border indonesia west large island guinea north south miles separate northern portion burma southern coast java half southeast asian area consists seas ten nations found region singapore burma thailand malaysia cambodia laos north vietnam south vietnam indonesia philippines area includes portuguese colony timor british protectorate brunei southeast asia single cultural political center closest thing economic transportation center port singapore nearby strait malacca singapore travel indian pacific oceans converges bangkok recently important key point airline travel calcutta hong kong geographers divide southeast asia regions peninsula continental island realms peninsula characterized series river valley societies islands hand varied terms culture southeast asia separated rest asian continent rugged plateau mountain system begins tibet stretches province china mountain ridges extend southward area peninsula divide distinct valleys
tropical southeast asia economically underdeveloped annual revenue largest corporations united states exceeds southeast asia combined gross national product money goods services produced region agriculture chief source employment wealth percent area force europeans appeared southeast asia land countries belonged ruler assigned village inhabitants villagers worked land owning paid taxes idea legally enforced private ownership inheritance european influence today pattern land ownership varies nations region countries permit foreigners land north vietnam farm communes members paid according amount family small private plot grow crops sale private land ownership rule south vietnam countries legal limits size farm family laws enacted enable farm tenant land works reform programs enforced farmers area hired laborers tenants share crop wealthy landowner southeast asian farmers engage subsistence farming produces food families alive
simon bolivar dreamt spanish americans form federation union united states spite prestige leadership experience unable dream reality gran colombia federation colombia venezuela ecuador lasted short death bolivar wrote despair america ungovernable served revolution ploughed sea bolivar leaders nations realized countries faced hurdles achieve stability let consider problems confronting republics geographical isolation lack easy transportation population centers created distinct local customs loyalties routes crossed continent air travel began twentieth century national leaders difficulty developing sense nationalism followers poverty illiteracy scholars think percent latin americans illiterate poor national leaders unrealistic expect participate widely government inexperienced political leaders reins government fell hands inexperienced sincere intentioned compromise differences issues critical nations provide decision making local level power centralized national government liberals conservatives rule oligarchies power poverty illiteracy lack political experience democratic government impossible nineteenth century known age oligarchy government
brazil experienced short lived era prosperity rubber production industrial development europe united states late nineteenth century created growing demand rubber amazon valley supplied rest natural rubber unfortunately brazil englishman took rubber tree seeds europe later create rubber plantations malaya ceylon cheap labor asia plantations soon captured markets period spectacular prosperity amazon sudden end rubber boom demonstrates danger basing economy single product pattern changing mining areas brazilian engineers seeking variety minerals mined expand economies nations developing means process raw materials simply exporting despite high birth rate venezuela abundance land resources ouster dictator marcos perez large landholdings broken basic reforms enacted oil resource venezuela industry largely developed foreign interests mainly united states venezuela succeeded getting generous share profits wealth oil industrial development took place industrial production exceeded oil oil accounted percent venezuela export earnings half venezuela guiana highlands south orinoco river region important industrial area rich iron ore bauxite deposits
twentieth century enormous outpouring literature latin america outstanding quality poetry favorite form expression chilean poets won nobel prize literature mistral known sympathetic verses children poor downtrodden major works pablo won nobel prize typical current latin america literature writings reflect concern common problems anthologies english important english translations major heights hundred solitude novelist gabriel garcia considered masterpieces modern literature traces rise decline family imaginary village prose writing involved social issues beset latin america greatest writers prose generally considered jose enrique rodo uruguay wrote nature morality subject attract interest latin americans writers fiction especially concerned social problems exposing evils slums problems youth large extent spanish language literature applies equally brazilian literature brazil unique aspects culture large african element population recent practice slavery vastness territory resulting regional contrasts
irritating harry planner hated plan wrong changed matter minor change planning caper tuesday wednesday small alteration unimportant shift stay town longer expected increased chances identification later date change airline reservations maybe smart clerk think afterward show miami hotel late tend conspicuous vital sure desperate takes tiny leak sink mighty battleship remember reading poster kid big impression natural planner type cased bank town weeks making plan days set worked method getaway thing didn astronauts hailing town deciding later harry couldn phoned wednesday bank precisely fifty flipped masks faces announced stickup
genesis idea party halloween costume anne carey found packed box attic thirty ago anne mother woman threw anne inherited large victorian spaces mother swept garnished pieces marriage neatly labeled stored apt find days husband occasional absences house cleaning initial loneliness costume found beautifully sewn carefully packed preservation remarkable shook folds coins mother sewn individually bodice ago clinked special sound set painful echo disappointment forgetful heart remembered clearly smell chrysanthemums sewing machine oil mother room costume fitted sound coins oppressed profound sense loss party lost course games planned decorations invitations due death drowning small cousins upstate york party canceled
true nervous dreadfully nervous say mad disease sharpened senses destroyed dulled sense hearing acute heard things heaven earth heard things hell mad hearken observe healthily calmly tell story impossible say idea entered brain conceived haunted night object passion loved wronged insult gold desire think eye yes eye vulture pale blue eye film fell blood ran cold degrees gradually mind rid eye forever point fancy mad madmen seen seen wisely proceeded caution foresight dissimulation kinder week killed night midnight turned latch door opened gently
hot arctic summer drew close till magenta sun slid horizon sink polar bear knew hard lay ahead months night fifty degrees cubs born task motherhood begun soon coming bury deep snow give birth cubs burrowed daylight eat live stored body summer catch eat finish fattening ordeal left moment hunting edge ice water seals fish chance porpoise walrus winter closed roots berries lichen seaweed polar islands glass bears moved ice edge food arctic region area north limit tree growth shores greenland siberia alaska canada bordered spectral sea landscape snow ice ice drifting pack ice berg ice glaciers constant motion lanes pools pure cobalt looking glass opening closing pack ice pushed terraces ice eaves burned green lilac underneath
report cards semester soon school closed mid june kennie shock family colt kennie rob mclaughlin glared son matter curiosity examination forty arithmetic seventeen history goes head yes tell ken chirped howard eat breakfast howard snapped mother kennie blond head bent plate face hidden cheeks burned mclaughlin finished coffee pushed chair hour lessons summer nell mclaughlin saw kennie actually hurt lessons study summertime winter hours things wanted kennie took things hard eyes turned wide open window look despair hill opposite house covered arrow straight jack pines sharply etched thin air thousand foot altitude fell vivid green grass ran meet range upland poured strong wyoming sunlight stung burning color big jack rabbit sat pines waving ears
water rippled kennie legs flicka body gradually heat fever cool running water washed washed wounds gus morning rifle moved kennie sitting water thighs hips flicka head arms gus seized flicka head hauled grassy bank seeing kennie couldn move cold stiff half paralyzed lifted arms carried house gus ken chattering teeth don shoot gus fur say ken dat fever left gus ay wait ken rob mclaughlin drove laramie doctor ken violent chills stop mother bed wrapped hot blankets looked father imploringly doctor shook thermometer dad fever left moon son don worry gus feed morning night finished kennie happily doctor put thermometer mouth told shut gus thinking flicka look orders
plenty coups seated shade tall cottonwood trees surrounded cabin arrow creek glad sign talker nearly sightless eyes turned asked tell story promised wish write words sign talker tell wish write understand understanding mine jabbered racks red meat hung cure dry air chief dogs jealous noisy raced gift dogs meat guarded theft friend sign talker heart tell wish write plenty coups chief face upturned speaker profile broad brimmed hat fluttering eagle feather hid contour head gray hair fell braids broad shoulders powerful tall bent deep chest arms told prime plenty coups known physical equals
hey ellis hey ellie belly sam shouted prove hitler dead newspapers sam admit saying maybe hitler german dictator gotten weather clearing walked school past wide lawns mansion playground special air maybe excitement maybe perfume lilac bushes morning rain washed earthworms sidewalk walked tiptoe wouldn step hey ellis sam cried jumping hedge picked earthworm dangled direction ellis snorted dumb anyway girl miss mary ellis friend family grandmother says mary ellis courageous person gave wrong kid sam laughed danced waving earthworm face sam pain gang milford square sam jules kids walked school wished sam lost spit spit fuhrer face sam yelling ran spit flying close jules hitting
crowded truck morning thought going allowed ride trip farm mrs lane finally agreed pile promised noise mrs lane miss led lane station wagon stood sat floor truck bounced milkweed expedition morning heat lunches blend inside truck ended smelling bananas peanut butter open road forgot promise mrs lane sang loud songs wild blue yonder swing star carry home jar squashed jules philip hey jules whispered leaning wanting ask mean yesterday told sam feeling les safe kind feeling shhhh jules gave signal tell later minute lane farm miss put faster pulled milkweed sooner falling sword favorite subjects hari japanese soldier method killing honor figured history miss finally
sam tim called club starting didn pay attention sam leaped grass sign knocked flat sam warned late mrs lived end square front porch mrs loved grass saw kids playing mall dropped creepy house finger children called sam tim shaky voice grass grass minute call police sam jumped fallen sign times mad telephone cops soon disappeared inside sam tim mick ruthie running cops coming cops coming sam shouted loudly mick ruthie ran screaming house shushed cellar jules working model airplane nice jules sticking tiny toothpicks glue hard tell kids going making airplanes house flat box put planes told mick rid ruthie carry box trying sell models
perfect mile walk creek met house willie allowed mother sight ruthie stayed home sam stepmother defense plant mickey won mother asked felt didn choice don wish won longer ask wished mother say things easier leaving left decision felt terrible didn thing wanted mon dumbbell grabbed skinny wrist ellis mother gave look sure mickey won stand fun careful picked lunch bags walked door creek curved town emptied river favorite places spots creek ran shallow wade knees wasn place creek deep allowed side rippling water lay sunny fields tall grass daisies side woods full evergreens pine cones umbrella plants jack pulpits rocks moss
knew early days vacation passed days spent swimming practicing magic tricks checking family moved willie house suddenly fourth july fourth july important holiday important christmas gasoline rationed hard vacations town parade contests big dance fourth july night clock morning club gathered front house dressed parade costumes decided club dressed marines landing pacific island iwo jima thought looked pretty wearing pair jules khaki pants shirt father color sewn patches won collecting tin cans shirt sleeve looked real uniform jules lent pair hiking boots belonged les tucked hair mick toy marine helmet pretty hard tell girl wasn easy borrowing marine helmet mick wanted wear kid pretty liked gotten lost creek told mother left blamed going sewer pipe
morning woke raining hard lay staring big stain ceiling feeling pretty bad door opened mother awake sick put hand forehead guess didn feel hot eating junk muttered person lying ambulance covered blood broken bones sticking mother shaking head saying comes eating junk okay stay bed room thought argue leap fooled think stay bed nestled sheets pretended sleep stuck head door feel bad yes honest truth sorry paused wait tomorrow visit home felt ashamed forgotten thinking maybe insist visit today yes home mother going tomorrow don rest today settled leaned started thinking things noticed spot ceiling shaped beard wondered true god knew decided bad
evening strange quiet settled milford square knew les killed action war department regretted inform list war dead pacific included les sunday morning edition windsor times printed picture run les cut stuck notebook place story les stopped house spoke hushed voices mother tell news heard met door club initiation sam told mrs telegram breathing hard insides melted worse felt waiting results citizenship award news bad twisting edge apron stood dim hallway looking les dead killed action island iwo jima mother reached put arm shoulder pulled dirty shouted running room slamming door felt smashing japan germany countries axis powers waited door minute half expecting mother follow didn flung bed
tell father face breakfast morning exactly excused quickly stick close home today young lady didn answer decided matter look clues feel bad pretend obey choice checked newspaper full news war jules soon mother busy running vacuum cleaner mickey playing upstairs took checklist half loaf bread left house betsy offered told going game game number list stores jules bought eat left home breakfast money stopped food tried priscilla candy store library jules walked van horn bakery wee nut owner knew jules describe pretty useless places ended saying cheerfully comes tell re looking windsor avenue traffic stopped railroad train
reason knew wouldn miss betsy betsy moving turned thing happened summer naturally passed club initiation sam teased syracuse talking mama let bother tormented found couldn swim ride bicycle sam admit betsy lot things card tricks draw pictures faces looked identify bugs mount pins talk fast pig latin saw stupid worry pretty pretty jules liked tell didn love early days august bunch swimming pool try teach betsy float re horrible yell laughed sank afterward buy mckinley parked orange cart front pool afternoons evenings play capture flag spud mall parents called bed evenings dance playground sure point betsy sally
dead weeds woodsy end dreamland lake part winter freezing thawing lake end march trees beginning leaf creek fed lake flood tide meant running jump clear crocuses purple yellow violets morning count tree real woods dreamland lake real lake nowadays call duck pond feed ducks park department kids bread crumbs summer mrs garrison call place dreamland park remember days country mile city limits streetcar track turnaround gates amusement park days dance palace baptists closed race track county closed roller coaster swooped level lake roller coaster quickest end caught fire night burned water
stood bank dreamland lake comparing present picture estella winkler bates book cast iron footbridge middle part lake pretty distance park department sawhorses blocked approaches side floorboards rotted porch tennis clubhouse sagged south shoreline needed coat paint bad roller coaster jungle trees undergrowth mallards ed lake direction chance brought bread crumbs walked bikes shore path dipped woods creek fed lake tunnel branches left bikes bent nearly double damp smelling dim inside woods flip sat concrete block bearings haven explored kids didn according picture figure re roller coaster able find part foundation sink kind supports superstructure re sitting told jumped looked concrete thing sherlock holmes voice think re
customers sanderson waiting paper stood inside front door watched step sure brought door didn throw wouldn mattered anyway awake throw turned called paper issued complaint referral walk lay devil feet wanted didn kicks starting route sky getting gray east sudden gusts wind cyclones leftover leaves making think dead route starts union avenue lot gray frame houses leaning sidewalk dad say string sporting houses mom didn reason sporting houses needed mentioned re divided apartments unload papers porch load handle crossed sort invisible frontier sharp angle prairie avenue sort classy classy boulevard wasn route classy
poetry miss language arts monday deals experiences spectrum takes province boys girls thought poetry hearts flowers knights shining armor didn feel giving satisfaction answer trying drag says running hand thin red hair feel relegated poetry limited sphere influence lives haven dead silence says re giving big argument reason simply don poetry reality sort skips room breath actually tries act young chick flips overhead projector throws poem front screen calls isabel wilson isabel fine voice read poem aloud isabel class star poem rhyme bunch bulldozers wrecking building maybe dinosaurs eating rocks tell according miss artistry flashes poem stranger
left say hey friends start ball rolling easier jumped course left flip managing things usual elaborate miss say preoccupied grotesque carrying centennial history city black hawk county renewing library didn continue local history kick librarian overjoyed estella winkler bates shelves spring making deliveries started carrying municipal art museum regular reading study hall built palatial residence marius drainpipe ceramic tile tycoon quoted memory kidding eclectic structure basically popular gothic embellishments period wagonloads tourists watch construction took half tell central staircase entirely black walnut rises reception hall connecting conventional box staircase central tower
beginning temporary friendship wish stopped wish flip scared halfway skull afternoon tower forget exact words plenty didn bring woods told sick tired night couldn exploring butting going stop stop beginning maybe threatened chuck tower window insure future privacy forget ate crumb nodding flip going wanted puke night end okay rid minds put watch don granted maybe drop place days invited don dropping lives asked overwhelming double barreled effect enjoyed bit humiliation expected half promise dancing joy shake tower loose rest building led days house
pulled line livestock trucks full cattle dad cut motor silence deafening cows bawling say steady whine big diesel motor rob hearing permanently wondered happen dad poked pete rolled bunk climbing cab midnight inside sweet singer southland high noon busy counter lined truckers eating full meals maybe hundred tables crowded flypaper hanging ceiling loudspeaker system blaring country music place smelled deep fried found stools dad pete chicken fried steak cottage fries tossed salad blue cheese dressing rolls apple pie cheese coffee eaten waitress named tag soon sat boys gave look turned dad don tell brian big surprise young medium pretty knew
poem recited miss benefit spring seventh grade real sound effects autumn type poem starting eighth grade high school connect fall think fall town warm empty school middle summer starts soon eighth grade didn show promise seventh starting high school coolidge middle school called coolidge junior high tries hard times call english class language arts library officially known resource materials center lot progressive ideas place full relics half rooms lift top desks bolted floor names starting homeroom armbruster clarence cochran middle course flip homeroom didn real classes started didn want locked safe locker homeroom desk morning week school reached desk notebook pulled package
lit running didn jump creek waddled side wet knees big legs pumping slipped hard knee moving faster moved bobbed looking path woods flip yelled loud hear let let tail till hears moving jumped creek kicked path half running making extra noise think ahead hear loped bent low branches open end lake corner eye saw big swans cutting water working wings heading woodsy end couldn ahead looking straight path past approach bridge flip stopped dead threw arm opened mouth saw park department sawhorses warn bridge pounding top arch middle lake flip cupped hands mouth yelled stop
lay flat brown pine needled floor forest chin folded arms high overhead wind blew tops pine trees mountainside sloped gently lay steep dark oiled road winding pass stream alongside road pass saw mill stream falling water dam white summer sunlight mill asked yes remember built mill farther pass spread military map forest floor looked carefully looked shoulder short solid black peasant smock gray iron stiff trousers wore rope soled shoes breathing heavily climb hand rested heavy packs carrying bridge easy country pass stream flows gently road turns sight trees drops suddenly steep gorge remember gorge bridge posts post mill
heavy timber cup shaped upper end valley saw camp rim rock rose ahead trees camp camp robert jordan knew spotted air show hidden bear den guarded looked carefully large cave rim rock formation opening sat rock legs stretched ground carbine leaning rock cutting stick knife stared whittling hola seated comes pablo told lowered pack inside entrance cave anselmo lowered pack robert jordan unslung rifle leaned rock don leave close cave whittling blue eyes dark looking lazy gypsy face color smoked leather fire put thyself pablo put tree gypsy move leave
hundred yards moving carefully tree tree shadows pines steep hillside bridge fifty yards late afternoon sun brown shoulder mountain showed bridge dark steep emptiness gorge steel bridge single span sentry box end wide motor cars pass spanned solid flung metal grace deep gorge bottom brook leaped white water rocks boulders main stream pass sun robert jordan eyes bridge showed outline sun lessened looking trees brown rounded height saw longer looked glare mountain slope delicate green patches snow crest watching bridge sudden short trueness light left studying construction problem demolition difficult watched took notebook breast pocket quick line sketches drawings figure charges later
let rest pilar robert jordan sit maria let rest continue robert jordan rest woman told hurry sit maria robert jordan rest top rest woman sat stream girl sat heather sun shining hair robert jordan stood looking high mountain meadow trout brook running heather growing stood gray boulders rising yellow bracken replaced heather lower part meadow dark line pines el asked woman open country valley timber head stream sit thee forget thy seriousness want want bathe feet woman taking rope soled shoes pulling heavy wool stocking put foot stream god cold horses robert jordan told woman missing matter hurry calm
touched halfway lines farther fell knees struck walking parallel line happened peasant leaned lifted feet don walking bull don walk peasant black smock helped side peasant black smock herdsman boots helped supporting arms don walking lines hands eyes lips quiet yellow hair slicked head shining sun passed peasants say don don appetite don don orders failed bullfighting don matador don beautiful girls heaven don walked don lines holding close side holding walked hands eyes looked fingers edge cliff knelt throwing clutching ground holding grass saying
deep shadow pines dropping high meadow wooden valley climbing trail paralleled stream left gain steeply top rim rock formation carbine stepped tree halt hola pilar thee pilar christian roberto obscenity steepness arrive guard robert jordan put hand yes robert jordan thee equally guard young light build thin hawk nosed face high cheekbones gray eyes wore hat hair black shaggy handclasp strong friendly eyes friendly hello maria girl tire va joaquin girl sat talked walked joaquin asked heard passed night pablo robert jordan yes glad joaquin train train robert jordan asked smiled joaquin grinned maria pretty maria told thee pretty
anselmo crouched lee trunk big tree snow blew past side pressed close tree hands inside sleeves jacket hand shoved opposite sleeve head pulled jacket stay longer freeze thought told stay relieved storm abnormal movement road dispositions habits post sawmill road camp sense expecting return camp stay longer thought camp fault orders rigid allowance change circumstance rubbed feet took hands jacket sleeves bent rubbed legs patted feet circulation going cold wind shelter tree start walking shortly crouched rubbing feet heard motorcar road chains link chain slapping watched snow covered road green brown painted broken patches daubed color windows blued half circle left clear blue occupants look
el pilar robert jordan storm smoky warmth cave woman motioned robert jordan nod head look horses leave word horses se look robert jordan seen pablo pablo grinned looked sitting board table grinned waved hand pablo called falling robert jordan nodded let thy shoes dry maria hang smoke fire watch don burn robert jordan told don want barefoot matter turned pilar meeting haven sentries storm va sitting table leaning wall anselmo fernando shaking snow jackets beating trousers rapping feet wall entrance let thy jacket maria let snow melt robert jordan slipped jacket beat snow trousers untied shoes wet pilar thee called impediment returning door thy brushing
merry round robert jordan thought merry round travels fast calliope music children ride cows gilded horns rings catch sticks blue gas flare lit early dark avenue du maine fried fish sold stall wheel fortune turning leather flaps slapping posts numbered compartments packages lump sugar piled pyramids prizes kind merry round waiting caps women knitted sweaters heads bare gaslight hair shining stand front wheel fortune spins yes wheel wheel goes vast wheel set angle goes starts side higher sweep makes lifts started prizes thought choose ride wheel ride turn intention mounted turn large elliptical rising falling turn started
morning late sky high clear wind blew warm robert jordan shoulders snow going fast eating breakfast big sandwiches meat cheese apiece robert jordan cut thick slices onion clasp knife put side meat cheese chunks bread breath carry forest fascists agustin mouth full give wineskin rinse mouth robert jordan mouth full meat cheese onion chewed bread hungrier filled mouth wine faintly tarry tasting leather bag swallowed took big mouthful wine lifting bag let jet wine spurt mouth wineskin touching needles blind pine branches covered automatic rifle lifted hand head leaning pine branches bent let wine run dost thou want sandwich agustin asked handing gun thank eat accustomed eat morning want truly nay robert jordan took laid lap onion side jacket pocket grenades opened knife slice
el making fight hilltop hill saw thought shape chancre choice hill picked galloped automatic rifle heavy horse laboring barrel heaving thighs sack grenades swinging side sack automatic rifle pans banging joaquin ignacio halting firing halting firing give gun place snow snow ruined horse hit wheezed slow jerking climbing stagger part crest splattering snow bright pulsing jet hauled bridle reins shoulder climbed climbed hard bullets rocks sacks heavy shoulders holding horse mane shot quickly expertly tenderly needed horse pitched head forward plug gap rocks gotten gun firing horse fired pans gun clattering empty shells pitching snow smell burnt hair burnt hide hot muzzle rested firing hill forcing scatter cover chill knowing
planes robert jordan heard firing start heart start cloud smoke drifted ridge high country planes steadily receding specks sky bombed hell cavalry touched company robert jordan damned planes scare death don kill combat goes listening heavy firing winced bomb thud licked dry lips robert jordan things kill firing stopped absolutely hear shot lieutenant pistol shot carry firing stopped affect quiet hollow feeling chest heard grenades burst moment heart rose quiet quiet knew maria camp tin bucket stewed hare mushrooms sunken rich gravy sack bread leather wine bottle tin plates cups spoons stopped gun ladled plates agustin replaced anselmo gun gave bread unscrewed horn tip wine bottle poured cups wine
robert jordan lay trunk pine tree slope hill road bridge watched daylight loved hour watched feeling gray part slow lightening comes rising sun solid things darken space lights shone night yellow fade comes pine trunks hard clear trunks solid brown road shiny wisp mist dew wet forest floor soft felt give brown dropped pine needles elbows saw light mist rose stream bed steel bridge straight rigid gap wooden sentry boxes end looked structure bridge fine mist hung stream saw sentry box stood hanging blanket coat topped steel head showing leaned forward hole punched petrol tin brazier warming hands robert jordan heard stream rocks saw faint thin smoke rose sentry box
gypsy tapped head motioned thumb thee started slope gypsy climbing fast fernando lay bank front whitewashed stones marked edge road head shadow sun shone plugged bandaged wound hands cupped legs feet sun rifle lay clips cartridges shining sun rifle fly crawled hands small tickling pain fernando anselmo called crouched holding wire loop end wire twisted close hold fist fernando called fernando opened eyes looked fernando asked anselmo minute blowing pleased need advise fernando shut eyes pain lurched anselmo looked bridge watching sight coil wire handed bridge sunburnt head face follow pull side
felt empty drained exhausted going mouth tasted bile finally problem longer problem tree looked green slope seeing gray horse agustin shot slope road timber covered country looked bridge bridge watched activity bridge road trucks lower road gray trucks showed trees looked road hill coming soon thought pilar care pablo sound plan tried worry pablo think maria try believe told says true don say say things happen happened stay believe don cynical short
human race developed asia africa modern present europe ago believed human beings reached america possibly ago general agreement bering strait today strait fifty miles islands water shallow cross siberia alaska dry land wandering newcomers worked south probable america small groups periods hard account amazing number languages hundred distinct indian languages north panama times south america languages related french spanish groups languages utterly unconnected reach america looked unlike modern american indians later arrivals physical characteristics indians today skills tools lived gathering fruit nuts edible plants shellfish gradually developed hunting skills spear points found archaeologists bones animals extinct america mammoths mastodons camels giant bison
british attitude apparent soon war end showed stricter enforcement existing laws attempts tax colonies effort control west attacks colonial rights government george grenville british minister finance energetic administrator believed existing laws enforced minister generation read dispatches american revenue collectors aware degree americans habitual smugglers revenue service thirteen colonies costing british government times collected customs duties grenville term office customs required posts america stay england hire deputies armed writs assistance general search warrants allowing seek smuggled goods swearing warrant building entered british warships helped suppression smuggling alleged smugglers tried admiralty courts accused person trial jury judges pocketed cent fines imposed parliament levied taxes designed shift part burden war debt british landowners colonists british government seriously tried raise revenue america
united states nation modern history colonies throw yoke european domination nineteenth century colonies latin america mid twentieth century scores colonies asia africa instructive compare situation united states won independence nations today nigeria populous africa gained independence britain establishing unified nation nigerians advantages fact living twentieth century easier modern governments touch large areas instantaneous communication telephone radio rapid travel transportation steamship railroad automobile airplane eighteenth century america message faster horseback sailing vessel fastest travelers seldom average miles winter spring roads impassable snows floods nigeria today fortunate united states separation britain amicable british government poured millions dollars nigerian education economic development granted nigerian products privileged position markets united states hand handicapped britain showed unfriendly attitude
west presented washington administration difficult problems left confederation period fortunate president extensive sympathetic knowledge region difficulties alarm indian menace washington devoted message congress bold weakness confederation government armed british spanish indians raiding entire frontier killing thousands women children federal government money raise armies washington force defend settlements north ohio river expedition destroyed indian villages suffered heavy losses general arthur st clair advanced indian country largest military force trans appalachian west seen regular troops companies militia desertion disease force dwindled numbered indians ambushed fort wayne st clair command escaped fled fast covered nearly thirty miles single november worst defeat indians inflicted organized force white finally washington gave command general anthony wayne distinguished revolutionary war wayne militia took give training force regulars called american legion
jefferson left office march congress repealed unpopular embargo act place substituted nonintercourse act banned trade ports british french control allowed rest disastrous effects american trade embargo act nonintercourse act successful forcing warring countries respect american rights replaced strange piece legislation known macon bill macon bill temporarily dropped restrictions foreign trade provided france abandon decrees united states revive nonintercourse britain britain drop orders council united states revive nonintercourse france napoleon saw macon bill chance trick united states action britain august foreign minister letter united states minister france offering repeal napoleonic decrees united states forced england respect american rights madison failed condition attached french offer worthless waiting actual repeal french decrees madison cut trade britain february napoleon shortly revealed offer meant officials continued seize american ships trading britain continent tension united states britain broke actual hostilities american frigate president cruising york attacked defeated small british warship belt
countries centrifugal divisive forces working spirit nationalism variety forms tribalism language differences handicap african states antagonism classes bourgeoisie peasants proletariat nineteenth century france religious strife hindus muslims india roman catholics buddhists vietnam early united states obvious counter nationalism sectional rivalry clear major sections northeast south northwest lines development manufacturing plants multiplying northeast south doubling production cotton ten northwest home independent farmers raised crops land cleared put plow regional differences led regional loyalties recent historian claims exaggeration loyalties stronger national patriotism close horse planter cotton belt coonskin clad farmer western waters shopkeeper smoky mill towns england blindly loyal region lived spirit sectional patriotism allowed americans place regional interests nation history civilization building egyptian pyramids thousand birth christ eighteenth century important change tools sources power
slave system developed based assumption slavery natural condition blacks criticism system silenced south legislatures increasingly difficult owners emancipate slaves lot free blacks worse states decree free blacks sold slavery bondage blacks assumed forms house servants masters mistresses intimacy mutual affection slaves especially cities hired enjoyed freedom movement entire working force highly successful tredegar iron works richmond black overseer john calhoun plantation fort hill trusted slave blacks worked plantations lives marked hard labor cruel discipline isolation allowed contract valid marriages families broken sale law teach slaves read spite handicaps slaves created rich culture put features african heritage brought white culture found valuable part white culture christian religion teaching equal god rewarded heaven christianity solace case times hopeless slaves lost idea achieve freedom
presidential election lincoln renominated party temporarily changed republican unionist attract supported war democrats nominated george mcclellan popular general removed command lincoln drew platform denounced war effort failure suggestion confederate states allowed leave union lincoln defeat expected sherman taking atlanta insured unionist victory narrow margin voters decided lincoln homely phrase swap horses crossing river untried prairie lawyer delivered inaugural stock risen spite violent attacks congress press inspired affection trust shown nicknames uncle abe father abraham judgment begun appreciate ability strength character hidden lincoln homely exterior novelist nathaniel hawthorne recorded impressions describing lengthy awkwardness movement habit seeing daily shaken hands thousand times village street put guess calling livelihood country schoolmaster soon dressed rusty black pantaloons worn faithfully suit adapted curves figure
advances higher education resulted gifts wealthy legacy left johns hopkins baltimore graduate school general studies finest medical schools john rockefeller helped university chicago center research fields varied economics biology railroad magnate leland stanford established university alto california growth privately endowed universities technical schools expansion universities institutions owed deal passage morrill act law landmark american education granted states public lands endowment colleges teach agriculture mechanic arts excluding scientific classical studies eventually land grant colleges received proceeds thirteen million acres land american college education higher plane widely provided country possibly scotland wished continue education american cities provided opportunities existed important agencies promoting adult education improved public libraries american library association founded encourage reading largest number expense public library receiving support taxes private donors coming recognized important schoolhouse system popular education
characteristic theodore roosevelt try reach mckinley bedside dangerous ride wilderness president genius dramatic gesture preached called strenuous told young don flinch don foul hit line hard practiced preached theodore roosevelt interests universal energy inexhaustible president found read fields play tennis box hunt ride horseback rugged hikes woods engage public discussion diverse matters race suicide declining birth rate nature writers told improbable tales wild animals simplified spelling poor speller football rules continued devoted father children willing hold dinner pillow fight sons roosevelt magnetism true leader rough riders crossing brooklyn bridge ordered jump asking author lunch white house wrote experience roosevelt presence feel eyes listen home wring personality clothes darling reporters news cartoonists big teeth eyeglasses moustache rough rider uniform easy caricature
reform legislation passed roosevelt taft wilson administrations manifestation national level widespread feeling aspects american society crying need improvement america wealth progress thoughtful observers saw alarmed millions american laborers underpaid overworked wages industrial workers averaged hour week recurring periods unemployment women garment workers received cents twelve hour accident rate factories railroads appalling provision compensating women children injured according estimate million underfed poorly housed systems relief poor meager unsystematic end scale rich dreams thought asking forty guests dinner cost plate owned yachts baronial palaces private railroad cars summer retreats covering thousands acres wealth alarming power corporations reach government dominated level federal municipal seen kansas editor william allen white called alliance government business benefit business spectacle insolent wealth extreme sullen poverty fear revolution
peace conference opened palace versailles january sessions held paris attended delegates twenty nations defeated countries represented dominating proceedings leaders powerful nations wilson idealist lloyd george brilliant unstable british prime minister georges clemenceau tiger indomitable helped steel france resist german onslaught vittorio orlando italian premier formed big met secret arrange treaty terms secret meetings speed conference hurt wilson robbed effective weapon direct appeal popular opinion violation fourteen points pledged open covenants openly arrived president scored triumph forcing plans league nations peace treaty mid february covenant charter league written wilson accepted conference president returned united states month wilson absence political influence united states weakened alarmingly widespread sentiment country readjusting peace president apparent entire peace program danger republican senators senators elect defeat treaty signed statement opposing american entrance league form proposed wilson
western hemisphere escape wide communist drive power appeared communists large influence government guatemala guatemalan authorities proposed lands united fruit company united states corporation distribute poor peasants denied purchase arms united states guatemala received iron curtain secretary dulles saw guatemalan situation dangerous threat united states acted overthrow guatemalan government reawaken latin american fears colossus north joint action latin american countries march inter american conference met caracas venezuela resolved extension communist system hemisphere considered threat americas june regime guatemala overthrown communist forces secretly armed trained united states surface latin american countries united states members partnership latin americans believe forgotten neighbors saw billions dollars poured remaking europe economy shoring weak governments asia received percent foreign aid south korea received aid latin american countries put took visit latin america vice president nixon country realize results neglect
nixon wilson aimed peacemaker inaugural address proclaimed period confrontation entering period negotiation let nations administration lines communication open means communication nixon elaborately staged visits leaders foreign countries month inauguration visited heads western europe summer traveled visiting asian countries surprise rumania american president iron curtain rumania nixon declared seek normal relations countries regardless domestic policies heretofore nixon regarded professional communist seen battleground communist bloc nations arrayed free regard communist powers pursued policy relaxation tensions known detente held safer strong healthy united states europe china russia japan balancing return global scale balance power concept dominated european diplomacy eighteenth nineteenth centuries rejection idea peace international organization un diplomatic channels russia open difficult begin negotiation country
contrast domestic difficulties president carter enjoyed considerable success foreign policy early administration ran president carter opposed recent american foreign policy lacking moral principle argued relying military economic united states try honest truthful decent dealings nations carter set course consistent mood america vietnam united states longer play police officer intervening militarily nations affairs carter secretary cyrus vance intended pursue diplomatic solutions problems planned continue detente soviet union pursue strategic arms limitation talks salt strengthen ties china policies begun nixon carter planned holding nations including america allies accountable treatment human rights strong religious feelings jimmy carter wanted base american foreign policy principle righteousness inaugural address proclaimed moral sense dictates clearcut preference societies share abiding respect human rights carter administration immediately translated sentiments action cut military economic aid south american governments considered dictatorial criticized governments cambodia chile brutal suppression political opposition countries
columbus born bustling genoa italy noble powerful city sea son prosperous wool weaver lived saw ships bringing rich cargo eastern mediterranean treasures orient overland sea sailed directions ships cargo wool dried fish wine carried iceland northern ireland lisbon islands azores lived madeira islands coast africa sailed steaming african coast distant portuguese trading posts gulf guinea left genoa settle lisbon portugal city street corner europe deep sheltered harbor point arrival departure place exchange commerce western end continent shipments northward british isles north sea southward trade africa westward asia lisbon single minded young columbus laid plans grand enterprise indies called enterprise expected voyage discovery money making project indies india asian lands east convinced project sell christopher brother bartholomew lisbon headquarters
centuries ago kings queens europe regarded private property lands ships flying flag discovered granted lands pleased settlers trading companies vast tracts land america sold cash favorites states general parliament netherlands english french swedish kings samuel de champlain expert navigator student science brave explorer earnest missionary founder france america quebec planted permanent french settlement french foothold quebec explorers missionaries fur trappers settlers moved st lawrence river lakes mississippi claimed empire stretched arc english french empire reached orleans gulf mexico powerful canadian fortress atlantic ocean france vast area remained small population reasons hard find french roman catholics allowed colony large tracts granted proprietors french overlords rented small strips riverbanks exchange produce labor big estates colonial officers chosen france ruled advice representative assembly courts trial jury stopped settlers coming
congress advised colonies form governments american independence rapidly fact americans set congress organized army beginning organize navy plainly declared commercial independence abolishing british laws navigation july continental congress adopted short resolution united colonies free independent states political connection britain broken resolution july americans announced independence gave news nation born reasons strictly speaking american independence declared declare comes latin word meaning clear mere announcement declaration explanation independence americans celebrate americans proud reasons birth nation reasons gave nation purpose forget remarkable things united states older nations europe actually point reasons separate nation reasons listed declaration independence prepared approved nation independent weeks continental congress adopted resolution announcing independence named committee prepare longer declaration independence
national spirit revealed president madison annual message congress december republican president program included funds national defense frigates navy standing army federal control militia federal aid building roads canals protective tariff encourage manufactures re establishing national bank federal assumption debts hamilton replaced jefferson idol republican party henry clay later referred program american system benefit section country protective tariff aid manufacturers northeast create large market products south west internal improvements roads canals tie country easier westerners southerners crops eastern markets national bank provide currency capital entire nation economic growth section found package american manufacturers wanted protective tariff british blockade cut foreign commerce large sums capital switched manufacturing england especially items imported end cotton mills england multiplied iron manufacturing booming pennsylvania pioneer industries iron wool cotton appeared ohio valley pittsburgh cincinnati british manufacturers supplied rapidly growing american demand colonial days wish lose market
successful plantation owner land speculator andrew jackson practical strong prejudices distrusted banks disliked cheap worthless paper money printed money trusted hard money gold silver especially bitter bank united states monopoly government business symbol hated special privilege thought evil unconstitutional loathed charter bank united states due expire president nicholas biddle aware jackson feelings felt bank lie low try arrange truce president ambitious henry clay thought saw bank issue defeat jackson election clay unanimous choice national republicans oppose jackson democratic republicans bring issue head reap political benefit clay induced biddle apply charter bank early believed jackson dared veto recharter bill hoped president lose votes east cost election recharter bill president jackson july jackson sick bed running mate bank van buren trying kill kill days later returned bill congress veto nicholas biddle words fury chained panther biting bars cage
national differences slavery head soon nation growing moving fast americans pushing texas mexico california vast oregon country north california transplanted americans naturally wanted homes part united states east stay home americans dreamed grand empire liberty stretching atlantic pacific ocean mexican province texas stephen austin started american settlement virginia born young attended transylvania university lexington kentucky look act frontiersman seeking fortune lived missouri moving arkansas louisiana run store directed bank edited newspaper militia unit feet inches tall stephen austin strong features natural leader austin original grant government mexico allowed bring families texas family receive free charge labor land acres farming labors acres stock grazing return settlers expected roman catholics pay cents acre austin services government united states charging acre cash nation suffering effects depression
problems indian white relations complicated sudden appearance west thousands miners seeking fortune gold silver west impatient foot loose miner arrived cattle rancher pioneer farmer mining frontier action packed history names mining towns stir visions adventure violence tombstone deadwood wild bill hickok calamity jane chance gulch virginia city today west covered sad remnants booming communities call ghost towns news gold found rush spot quick appearance entire city gradual gold departed left ghost town occupants cycle repeated mining created communities sierra nevada rockies black hills south dakota mining attracted created territories colorado arizona idaho montana wyoming mining focused nation attention hopes imagination west news began reach east gold found denver careless enthusiasm workers threw tools painted pikes peak bust sides wagons pikes peak miles south find headed west
sellers pioneering standard design americans inventing thinking factories days individual craftsman shop simply things called rule thumb job rough practical thumb precise measure american factory run gunsmith handiwork crude inefficient meant simply money stopped buying guns factory hundreds labored elbow elbow suffered worker blundered precise mistakes carried country thousands misshapen parts machine need science science avoiding waste efficiency getting engineer invented called science management efficiency pioneer frederick taylor born philadelphia mother fervent abolitionist wanted liberate women slavery taylor hoped liberate women waste astonished worried conserving forests waterpower soil minerals paid attention conserving human effort believed wasteful necessarily
farmers understand complex reasons plight blamed greedy banks railroads grain elevators dozen midwestern southern states farmers political parties appeared called control corporations railroads cheap money economy government reforms grangers joined farmers parties managed pass laws regulating railroad grain elevator rates unfortunately farmers granger laws effective powerful railroads simply laws persuaded legislatures repeal cases overawed courts nullified laws decisions important exception case illinois supreme court upheld illinois law set maximum rates grain storage police power constitution gave regulate private property affected public interest precedent public regulate large corporations ways prosperity returned farms late early farmers felt need grange farmers political parties prices fell farmers suffered organizations farmers called alliances formed actively politics western states formed parties south worked democrats practical purposes political party
monday prices dropped rapidly bankers committed market decided black tuesday october worst worst history york stock exchange million shares changed hands record high volume prices fell steeply prices recovered fall pattern weeks prices stocks sank lower lower share steel september sold november fallen share montgomery ward hit dropped average price leading stocks sank half months stocks plummeted billion fall continue steel drop montgomery ward reach general motors fall matter gamblers stock market lost money automobile factories wealth land energy america investment wasn hoover fundamental business america sound president hoover weaknesses economy noticed
percent black americans living borders confederacy allowed vote money spent education separate inferior schools found hard borrow money buy houses farms southern states blacks half population paths wealth political power closed black citizens wonder president roosevelt called south nation economic problem measure health housing schools auto ownership farm equipment family income south worst section united states impoverished south blacks poorest forces america black leaders slavery brave rebels nat turner denmark vesey persuasive frederick douglass leader abolition movement civil war helped recruit blacks regiments union army war marshal district columbia united states consul general haiti early kinds black leaders offered views american doors opportunity booker washington dubois pointed directions black americans populists tried unite poor black white economic reforms south provoked extreme reaction
japanese americans japanese ancestry faced discrimination west coast pearl harbor situation worse reason citizens blamed japanese militarists began suspect helping enemy pacific western politicians frightened military pressured fdr remove coastal states president roosevelt gave early excuse national security japanese americans rounded evidence americans disloyal forced sell homes businesses short notice sacrifice prices confined camps watched armed guards treated dangerous presidential election government change policy begin release innocent citizens despite humiliating treatment volunteered camps serve united states armed forces segregated unit soldiers regimental combat team fought heroically italy japanese american battalion recruited hawaii japanese war harder free nation preserve freedoms defending country matter death dissenters open charge traitors true testing democracy war ii disgraceful treatment japanese americans nation record war
social security system trouble paying money taking system bankrupt disabled elderly longer receive pensions law president carter signed december raising social security taxes largest peacetime tax increase history congress voted increase aid cities housing scheme allocations funds channeled older cities northeast midwest carter submit promised major tax reform lesser measure reduce taxes stimulate economy passed programs energy electoral reform sweeping change welfare system stymied effective president effective congress measure carter failures congress due nation political party loyalty declined american political parties forces moderation compromise elect president member congress goals late twentieth century america citizens tended organize political party interests environmentalists pro gun forces poor blacks business labor truckers farmers shipowners mayors governors consumers pro abortion groups pushed special program broad issues national concern lost rise television opinion polls public relations helped groups attract attention
relations russians worsened carter hastily proposed plans arms limitation soviets quickly rejected president scheme objected proposals unfairly favored united states detente lost july president carter effort improve relations soviets admitted reasons russians fear arms developments ordered production low flying cruise missile outspoken russian human rights russians conciliatory detente track change attitude sides strategic arms limitation treaty salt talks forward june carter brezhnev met vienna sign salt ii agreement intended slow arms race nations senate scheduled lengthy hearings constitution treaty effect thirds majority senate members present voting president carter inherited problem panama canal republic panama angered existence nation canal zone zone controlled forever united states treaty bloody riots led president johnson begin talks treaty carter took office talks continuing finally august treaties emerged treaty united states agreed hand canal panama noon december
declaration independence directed insiders american colonists wanted independence plain simple part common sense subject opening words declaration opening words constitution gave basis argument expressed americans believed evident needing proof britons goodwill france countries americans wanted help jefferson aiming devise theory surprising wrote draft short order june weeks received assignment energetic lawyer virginia managed declaration approved committee submitted continental congress needed lot research reflection longer need library explained purposely referred books pamphlets special arguments wrote declaration philadelphia desk floor parlor house young german immigrant bricklayer staying wanted sure saying simply summed educated knew schoolbooks basis government precisely englishmen accepted glorious revolution
ghost brick barn place opinions hold regarding ghosts clinch argument swallow idea ghosts general draw line ghost ghosts re naturally morbid re touch earlier times uncle miles armsworth claim reserving judgment entire subject science say say tell ghost haunted girl ghost unnerving hideous welcome weird ways ghosts operate wonder girl dead interest activities living strangers found ghosts feelings human ghost belonged secret drawn boy hard believe ghost believed number met terrible end intervention mine consider angles ghost saved sister lucille fate worse death
cobwebs steps haymow rich van servants live lofts don need fodder space closed storage don live help blossom barn look automobile okay inside looked regular thinking seriously checking upstairs cobwebs automobile big tear loose boxes tack room barn fittings give room riches haven bought lot dad puts stood oil cups brimming gleaming money wouldn buy machine dad says build model fifty horsepower dad lived drove factory milwaukee wisconsin wheeled bluff city square faces window abraham lincoln hotel billiard parlor acquainted dad knew laid twenty hundred dollars cash money knew told didn
dad enjoys antonio cleopatra cigar morning concentrates open air smoking allowed home walked part uncle miles fine feller hope age dad finally sounding pensive kind sticks mother craw observed don remarked dad ways remember alexander uncle miles known honest plain speaker give honest mother overwork lord don sleeve lucille party anyway uncle miles lived wanted say cut direction school watched dad walking eldorado street office hurrying shoes tight didn walk upright uncle miles forty bell schoolyard cut order desk miss winkler started counting noses light couldn put finger mind barn put night reminded forgotten breakfast nearly slipped mind score settle blossom
room bright colors patchwork quilt looked million lightning bugs glowing window walked stared barn dormer window ablaze candlelight blossom outdoing words stuck throat didn yell raise house don light slanted window threw patch yellow yard quiet tomb flock roosting birds stirred elm flapped wings sudden noise wheeled night birds light wasn cut yard fetched hitching post thinking ahead barn looked shape lawn bright electricity white barn door opened darkness plenty light leaking doorframe top stairs pulled moth flame blossom wring scrawny neck thought loft girl standing touch plain loft bright expected wonder sign candle
walked midnight mile trolley track barefoot sights sounds death running mind easy matter band watchers snake creek girls set moaned muttered worked brush marked leaving close home walking habit gave barn thought wanted bed shortly flopped belly worn turn quilt scared tired taste full flavor door banged light flipped pulled nightshirt stood lucille doorway nerve end looking queen tragedy eyes mean slits repulsive worm rasped hateful caught thought entirely hard night lucille hush voice lucille quieter gladly plead guilty charges tired guilty word lucille making bed dare lurk spying ridiculous costume tom bolted startled hare kill alexander promise
crowds curious milled end lane early monday home observe distance mother skip school blew dad mentioned unusual short supply likely blow anytime soon lucille agitated eying unspoken suspicions sure tom spooked didn attention getting mother drew blinds early monday gave grilling unable swallow ghost business unwilling wasn allowed farther front porch dad making early start alexander dad hoped lucille party settle normal living hopes dashed rummaged cigar clipper continued development story stuck dad knowledge true alexander didn think skinned hung dry thing cut quiet honest fault mother hearing say uncle miles god help
uncle miles sat upright coach sat looking bean fields black earth gave rocky yellow land southern part conductor look tickets told change illinois central panama limited uncle miles tried look knew route figured lecturing box baggage car ahead ridin tickets told conductor shifted worry uncle miles replied worry responsibility feller parlor car big red rebel steal box half chance conductor found humorous looked uncle miles noting wore blue suit pair overalls complete traveling outfit reckon robbed parlor car passenger shipping trunk full gold mine shares uncle miles squinting dead body conductor moved candy butcher selling tray buy eats train alexander uncle miles charge prices sandwiches
uncle miles bed stirred morning couldn place palm trees throwing greenish color room parlor mrs reading aloud newspaper audience blossom uncle miles delta daily dropped commentary altogether rival louisiana ledger evidently spy enemy ranks mrs quoting worthy competitors delta daily suffered setback promoting myth ghost girl lost daughter prominent local family returned northern grave evening panama limited hoax revealed strictly private delta daily conference mortimer delta staff introduced coffin colleagues examination contents revealed unidentified recently deceased male condition origins destination unknown mortimer comment ends attempt desperate delta daily add readers fair means foul declining subscription list expecting body recently deceased male condition wearing pinstriped suit knights columbus lodge ring urged contact delta editorial staff preying unsuspecting bereaved relentless pursuit yellow journalism
evening orleans mrs brought bottle madeira wine supper blossom allowed half measure apiece gulped mine straight head blossom elegant sipped finger stuck refined wouldn refill mrs brought extra glass represent toasted pink light chandelier broke red rainbows hit wine uncle miles threw glass grate raised maid started supper plates blossom reached napkin rolled folds wobbled tablecloth hand lightning striking held brooch human hair flowers eyes rounder darker looked uncle miles blinked spectacles whispered replied blossom fixed ruffles chest person evening later night told uncle miles pretty cute hide brooch blossom napkin alexander mislaid brooch opened grave home
son laurie started kindergarten renounced corduroy overalls bibs began wearing blue jeans belt watched morning older girl door seeing clearly era ended sweet voiced nursery school tot replaced swaggering character forgot stop corner wave bye home front door slamming open hat floor voice suddenly raucous shouting lunch spoke insolently father spilled baby sister milk remarked teacher lord vain school today asked elaborately casual learn father asked laurie regarded father coldly didn learn didn learn teacher spanked boy laurie addressing bread butter fresh added mouth full asked laurie thought charles fresh teacher spanked stand corner fresh asked laurie slid chair took cookie left father saying young laurie remarked lunch soon sat charles bad today
matters grew worse worse poor duckling chased brothers sisters downright nasty hope cat skinny bag bones mother wish miles ducks bit hens pecked girl fed kicked foot half running half flying fence birds bushes rose alarm ugly thought duckling closed eyes running finally marsh wild ducks lived lay night tired downhearted morning wild ducks flew looked companion sort fellow asked duckling turned directions bowing nicely re appallingly ugly wild ducks care don marry family poor thing thought marrying wanted lie reeds drink marsh water lay days wild geese young egg cocky
ago lived emperor exceedingly fond fine clothes spent money elaborately dressed took interest soldiers interest theater care drive coach show clothes robes hour says king council chamber emperor wardrobe city lived full gaiety strangers coming going swindlers arrived weavers knew weave magnificent fabric imagine colors patterns unusually beautiful clothes material extraordinary quality invisible unfit post inexcusably stupid clothes thought emperor find empire unfit posts able distinguish wise fools yes material woven immediately gave swindlers large sums money start quickly set looms pretended weave trace frames
mowgli stood upright fire pot hands stretched arms yawned face council furious rage sorrow wolf wolves told hated listen cried need dog jabber ye told night wolf end feel words true call ye brothers sag dogs ye ye say matter matter plainly brought red flower ye dogs fear flung fire pot ground red coals lit tuft dried moss flared council drew terror leaping flames mowgli thrust dead branch fire till twigs lit crackled whirled head wolves thou art master undertone save death thy friend grim wolf asked mercy gave piteous look mowgli boy stood naked black hair tossing shoulders light blazing branch shadows jump quiver
crowd parted woman beckoned mowgli hut red lacquered bedstead earthen grain chest funny raised patterns half dozen copper cooking pots image hindu god alcove wall real looking glass sell country fairs cents gave drink milk bread laid hand head looked eyes thought real son jungle tiger mowgli show knew dost thou remember gave thee thy shoes touched foot hard horn sorrowfully feet worn shoes thou art thou shalt son mowgli uneasy roof looked thatch saw tear wanted window fastenings understand talk silly dumb jungle speak talk learned wolves imitate challenge bucks jungle grunt wild pig fun
herd paused instant edge slope gave tongue full hunting yell pitched steamers shoot rapids sand stones spurting round started chance stopping fairly bed ravine rama winded khan bellowed ha ha mowgli thou torrent black horns foaming muzzles staring eyes whirled ravine boulders flood weaker buffaloes shouldered sides ravine tore creepers knew business terrible charge buffalo herd tiger hope stand khan heard thunder hoofs picked lumbered ravine looking side side escape walls ravine straight hold heavy dinner drink willing fight herd splashed pool left bellowing till narrow cut rang mowgli heard answering bellow foot ravine saw khan turn tiger knew worst worst meet bulls cows calves rama tripped stumbled soft bulls heels crashed full herd weaker buffaloes lifted clean feet shock meeting
difficulty catch door firmly fastened crowd tore bodily light torches streamed room stretched full length bed paws crossed lightly hung end black pit terrible demon half minute desperate silence front ranks crowd clawed tore threshold minute raised head yawned elaborately carefully ostentatiously yawn wished insult equal fringed lips drew red tongue curled lower jaw dropped dropped till half hot gullet gigantic stood clear pit gums till rang upper snick steel faced wards shooting home round edges safe minute street empty leaped window stood mowgli side yelling screaming torrent scrambled tumbled panic haste huts stir till comes quietly silence afternoon sleep overtaken village listened hear sound heavy grain boxes dragged earthen floors pushed doors
mowgli catch breath shaking rage hate place elephants stood empty looking terror broken lock freed black panther art thou naked thing spoke pack young master jungle strength goes speak speak speak cubs thee snapped twigs foot fawns lost doe idea stray fawn upset mowgli altogether laughed caught breath sobbed laughed till jump pool stop swam round round ducking bars moonlight frog namesake sons turned point compass striding silently valleys mile days march say sixty miles jungle step took wave trunks known noted talked monkey birds began feed fed quietly week sons kaa rock python hurry till end knew started rumour jungle food water found valley
fight red dog death mowgli nearly seventeen looked older hard exercise eating baths felt hot dusty strength growth age swing hand top branch half hour occasion look tree roads stop young buck mid gallop throw sideways head jerk big blue wild boars lived marshes north jungle fear wits feared mere strength moved quietly affairs whisper coming cleared wood path look eyes gentle fought eyes glazed grew interested excited things understand asked mowgli boy laughed miss kill angry empty days angry eyes talk mouth hungry eyes say hunting eating swimming stone wet dry weather mowgli looked lazily eyelashes usual panther head dropped
large woman large purse hammer nails strap carried slung shoulder eleven clock night dark walking boy ran tried snatch purse strap broke sudden single tug boy gave boy weight weight purse combined caused lose balance taking full blast hoped boy fell sidewalk legs flew large woman simply turned kicked square blue sitter reached picked boy shirt front shook teeth rattled woman pick pocketbook boy give held tightly bent permit stoop pick purse ashamed firmly gripped shirt front boy yes woman want boy didn aim lie passed stopped turned look stood watching turn loose run asked woman yes boy won turn loose woman
learned student slender pale yankee students healthy aspect light active wings shoes addicted wading meadows put cowhide boots expedition wore linen blouse cloth cap pair green spectacles assumed preservation eyes dignity imparted countenance case let huckleberry mischievous elf crept eustace sat steps porch snatched spectacles nose clapped student forgot fell grass lay till spring eustace bright won fame children narrator wonderful stories pretended annoyed teased doubt liked tell seen eyes twinkle clover sweet fern buttercup playmates besought relate stories waiting mist clear yes cousin eustace primrose bright girl twelve laughing eyes nose turned morning certainly stories tire patience
perseus odd beginning adventure thought consequence shield strong defend gorgon brazen claws bright show reflection face concluding quicksilver knew immediately set scrubbed shield diligence goodwill quickly shone moon harvest quicksilver looked smile nodded taking short crooked sword girded perseus worn sword mine answer purpose observed blade excellent temper cut iron brass easily twig set thing find gray women tell find nymphs gray women cried perseus difficulty path adventure pray gray women heard strange ladies quicksilver laughing eye tooth find starlight dusk evening show light sun moon perseus waste gray women
junior books program read discuss number selections stories occasionally play poem reading chosen reasons believe enjoy believe meanings reader likely find believe discussion meanings affect look speak meanings selection talking interpretations things author wants think feel words search meanings center single word charles story read shirley jackson say laurie reported grimly charles school word grimly unpleasant terrible event curious author word connection charles behavior school occasions interpretation focus passage author wait line story laurie mother learn charles guessed earlier charles laurie charles author want mother end story finally interpretation cover passages shirley jackson laurie act fresh talking charles
begin interpret story reading writing responses margins recommend reading reasons influence element suspense read story eager turns difficult stop mark responses reading likely consider author trying think feel story moves light selection find passages respond passages think important don understand finishing ugly duckling realized story takes place seasons sure reread story noted margins happened season read story able find connections part part impossible catch reading ugly duckling noticed curtseying ducklings spanish duck similar bowing swans ugly duckling fourth reading think original responses questions answered later passages story remain real questions passages underlined strike important
prepared questions interpretive doubt answers addition questions specific questions specific show immediately problem interpretation selection questions read selection carefully write specific questions mean questions trivial points selection deal consider important problems interpretation question wonder book girls boys perseus shown gorgon head king polydectes subjects insisted seeing question leading discussion ideas including perseus suggest king polydectes declare holiday king repeat threat perseus displays head trouble questions specific asked selections don think answers question meaning lines main theme story ask questions charles story matter questions hard think vague directions hard act imagine trying date friend meet downtown saturday afternoon quality prepared questions clear
pupils knight school gawaine le coeur hardy promising tall sturdy instructors soon discovered lacked spirit hide woods jousting class called companions members faculty sought appeal nature shouting break neck told lances padded horses ponies field unusually soft late autumn gawaine refused grow enthusiastic headmaster assistant professor pleasaunce discussing case spring afternoon assistant professor remedy expulsion headmaster looked purple hills ringed school think train slay dragons killed objected assistant professor replied headmaster brightly added soberly consider greater responsible formation lad character dragons bad interrupted assistant professor characteristic restive head school began talk ethics ideals institution known worse replied headmaster hills south week killed number peasants cows prize pig dry spell holds telling start forest fire simply breathing indiscriminately
dead begin doubt register burial signed clergyman clerk undertaker chief signed change chose put hand dead door nail mind don mean say knowledge dead door nail inclined regard coffin nail deadest piece iron trade wisdom ancestors simile hands disturb country permit repeat emphatically dead door nail knew dead course partners don sole executor sole administrator sole assign sole sole friend sole dreadfully cut sad event excellent business funeral undoubted bargain mention funeral brings point started doubt dead distinctly understood wonderful story going relate
fact knocker door large fact seen night morning residence place called fancy city london including bold word corporation aldermen livery let borne mind bestowed thought mention dead partner afternoon let explain happened key lock door saw knocker undergoing intermediate process change knocker face face impenetrable shadow objects yard dismal light bad lobster dark cellar angry ferocious looked look ghostly spectacles turned ghostly forehead hair curiously stirred breath hot air eyes wide open perfectly motionless livid color horrible horror spite face control part expression looked fixedly phenomenon knocker
awaking middle tough snore sitting bed thoughts occasion told bell stroke felt restored consciousness nick especial purpose holding conference messenger despatched jacob intervention finding turned uncomfortably cold began wonder curtains specter draw put hands lying established sharp lookout round bed wished challenge spirit moment appearance wish surprise nervous gentlemen free easy sort plume acquainted move equal express wide range capacity adventure observing pitch toss manslaughter opposite extremes doubt lies tolerably wide comprehensive range subjects venturing don mind calling believe ready broad field strange appearances baby rhinoceros astonished prepared means prepared bell struck shape appeared violent fit trembling
grocers grocers nearly closed shutters gaps glimpses scales descending counter merry sound twine roller parted company briskly canisters rattled juggling tricks blended scents tea coffee grateful nose raisins plentiful rare almonds extremely white sticks cinnamon straight spices delicious candied fruits caked spotted molten sugar coldest feel faint subsequently bilious figs moist pulpy french plums blushed modest highly decorated boxes eat christmas dress customers hurried eager hopeful promise tumbled door crashing wicker baskets wildly left purchases counter running fetch committed hundreds mistakes humor grocer frank fresh polished hearts fastened aprons worn general inspection christmas peck chose soon steeples called church chapel flocking streets clothes gayest faces
light shone window hut swiftly advanced passing wall mud stone found cheerful company assembled round glowing fire woman children children children generation decked gaily holiday attire voice seldom rose howling wind barren waste singing christmas song song boy joined chorus surely raised voices blithe loud surely stopped vigor sank spirit tarry bade hold robe passing moor sped sea sea horror looking saw land frightful range rocks ears deafened thundering water rolled roared raged dreadful caverns worn fiercely tried undermine earth built dismal reef sunken rocks leagues shore waters chafed dashed wild stood solitary lighthouse heaps seaweed clung base storm birds born wind suppose seaweed water rose fell waves skimmed
yes bedpost bed room happiest amends live past present future repeated scrambled bed spirits strive jacob heaven christmas praised say knees jacob knees fluttered glowing intentions broken voice scarcely answer call sobbing violently conflict spirit face wet tears torn cried folding bed curtains arms torn rings shadows things dispelled hands busy garments turning inside putting upside tearing making parties kind extravagance don cried laughing crying breath making perfect laocoon stockings light feather happy angel merry schoolboy giddy drunken merry christmas
famished wolf hunting babies fast asleep huddled heap warmth licked march beginning spring night trees crackled cold december sooner put tongue cold nip hard mother wolf poor health fearful started slightest noise worrying hurt young scent horses stumps trees woodpiles dark road strewn dung frightened imagined standing darkness trees dogs howling forest longer young sense smell sharp happened mistook fox track dog deceived waning sense smell lost thing happened youth feeble health longer hunted calves large sheep avoided horses colts nourished carrion tasted fresh meat spring chancing rabbit steal young sneaked peasant cattle shed lambs miles lair post road stood winter lodge
guess author meaning hear members group think believe arguments free include interpretive question reading christmas carol think feel sorry feel sorry question feel sorry feel sorry aim shared inquiry participants think selection means encourage write questions share thinking group put guess author meaning question going honest problem interpretation want explore asked author show feeling sorry left important question left guess feel sorry feels sorry including guesses meaning help write questions question christmas present worded answered factually jolly giant slight word change asked stories fifty dragon gawaine
don think song rat observed mole cautiously poet didn care knew candid nature don ducks replied rat cheerfully say fellows allowed fellows sitting banks watching making remarks poetry things nonsense ducks say mole cried rat indignantly replied mole soothingly wanted ask won call toad heard want acquaintance certainly rat jumping feet dismissing poetry mind boat paddle wrong call toad early late fellow tempered glad sorry nice animal observed mole boat took rat settled comfortably stern animals replied rat simple affectionate
bright morning early part summer river resumed wonted banks accustomed pace hot sun pulling green bushy spiky earth strings mole water rat dawn busy matters connected boats opening boating season painting varnishing mending paddles repairing cushions hunting missing boat hooks finishing breakfast parlour eagerly discussing plans heavy knock sounded door bother rat egg mole chap finished mole attend summons rat heard utter cry surprise flung parlour door open announced importance badger wonderful thing badger pay formal call generally caught wanted badly slipped quietly hedgerow early morning late evening hunted house middle woods undertaking badger strode heavily room stood looking animals expression full seriousness rat let egg spoon fall table cloth sat open mouthed
toad gay irresponsible walking briskly high road miles home paths crossed fields changed course times case pursuit feeling safe recapture sun smiling brightly nature joining chorus approval song praise heart singing danced road satisfaction conceit smart piece remarked chuckling brain brute force brain top bound poor ratty won catch badger worthy fellow ratty qualities intelligence absolutely education hand filled full conceited thoughts strode head air till reached town sign red lion swinging road half main street reminded breakfasted exceedingly hungry walk marched inn ordered luncheon provided short notice sat eat coffee room half meal familiar sound approaching street start fall trembling
comforting point toad character hearted animal minded real friends set thing able side question rat talking seriously saying fun awful fun making strange suppressed noises inside poop sounds resembling stifled snorts opening soda water bottles rat finished heaved deep sigh nicely humbly ratty sound yes conceited ass going toad motor cars keen ducking river fact hanging edge hole getting breath sudden idea brilliant idea connected motor boats don chap stamp upset things idea won talk coffee smoke quiet chat going stroll quietly toad hall clothes set things going lines adventures
began grow dark rat air excitement mystery summoned parlour stood alongside heap proceeded dress coming expedition earnest going affair took belt round animal sword stuck belt cutlass side balance pair pistols policeman truncheon sets handcuffs bandages sticking plaster flask sandwich case badger laughed ratty amuses hurt going stick rat badger shouldn blame say forgotten ready badger took dark lantern paw grasped stick follow mole cos pleased rat toad look don chatter usual sure fate toad anxious left took inferior position assigned murmur animals set badger led river suddenly swung edge hole river bank water
idea pleased mightily worked hard letters finished noon hour reported small weasel door inquiring timidly service gentlemen toad swaggered found prisoners previous evening respectful anxious patted head shoved bundle invitations paw told cut quick deliver fast liked evening shilling poor weasel grateful hurried eagerly mission animals luncheon boisterous morning river mole conscience looked doubtfully toad expecting find sulky depressed inflated mole began suspect rat badger exchanged significant glances soon meal toad thrust paws deep trouser pockets remarked casually look fellows ask want swaggering direction garden wanted think idea coming speeches rat caught arm
left standing door peering room cigar smoke air hard furniture minute klenk pushing bear bear feet strapped roller skates tall jacob klenk think handle jacob maurice stared bear plump fur black front paws stuck straight front claws lengths pointed upward bear pushing wall wearing skates asked maurice klenk looks tired jacob sea voyage south america maurice pulled jacob pushed bear stairs maurice front door inside skates bear moved easily level surface slippery business getting stairs think wait show mother father maurice don surprises mine jacob maurice don hat coat put bear maybe think push hall fast jacob outdoor clothes dressed bear pulling jacob hat muzzle
weeks mrs henry stopped mentioning trumpet maurice happened hear talking moving country move anyway rate maurice going mrs henry puts thing room won place stand henry wanted wait morning late april mrs henry brought maurice glass fresh orange juice tray sign leaning glass read happy birthday maurice couldn room maurice bed door tray jacob noon birthday lunch maurice blew candles forgot wish mrs henry brought large box maurice looked inside foot sailboat rigging cord sails canvas winches turned hatches put masts ketch maurice father sitting floor look lines boat sail asked jacob henry lake asked maurice yes henry careful maurice mother smiled nice interested maurice
shared inquiry word resolution means getting answer question resolution point discussion members group called answer interpretive question discussion based support answers facts selection interpretive questions answered satisfactorily likely members group answers definition resolution mean total agreement majority opinion answer resolution individual matter occurs convinced answer interpretive question supported evidence satisfies discussion leader continue explore interpretive question mind question answered participant feel free bring points interpretive question doubt answer reliable sign group leaving interpretive question resolved satisfaction attempt participant reintroduce leaders switch question author meaning occurs discussion leaders backtrack moment determine facts ideas raised provide answer question discussing
finally equal equal god law equal smarter looking stronger quicker equality due amendments constitution unceasing vigilance agents united states general things living april instance drove crazy springtime clammy month took george hazel fourteen son harrison tragic george hazel couldn think hard hazel perfectly average intelligence meant couldn think short bursts george intelligence normal mental handicap radio ear required law wear times tuned government transmitter twenty seconds transmitter send sharp noise george taking unfair advantage brains george hazel watching television tears hazel cheeks forgotten moment television screen ballerinas buzzer sounded george head thoughts fled panic bandits burglar alarm real pretty dance dance hazel
arnold drew overalls raveling gray sweater naked body narrow bed brother eugene sleeping undisturbed alarm clock rusty ring arnold watching brother sleeping felt peculiar dismay younger waking hours subordinate dispel emphatically uneasy advantage sleeping brother threw hump body cried arnold felt brother twist saw blankets lifted wing instant lying covers face showing baby sprawled top matter asked sleepy anger face hanging close arnold repeated pick peas stupidly gazed room morning arnold began laugh making soft snorting noises thrown bed floor stairs laughter continuing hiccups opened staircase door entered parlor hunched shoulders quiet parents slept bedroom downstairs arnold lifted caliber rifle rack kitchen wall lever action winchester father
twig snap dixon looked thought saw dark shape melt underbrush instantly froze staring green trees complete expectant silence overhead carrion bird balanced updraft surveying sunburned landscape waiting hoping dixon heard low impatient cough underbrush knew assumption vague half seen shapes real left trek signal station watching deciding ready try removed weapon holster checked safeties reholstered continued walking heard cough patiently trailing waiting left bush entered forest dixon grinned hurt weapon ventured spaceship simply didn wander alien planet dixon hip weapon end weapons absolute insurance walked crawled flew swam word handguns ultimate personal armament weapon looked beasts fifty yards distance resembled dogs hyenas coughed moved slowly forward touched weapon decided immediately plenty closer
din voices presence unreal idea behave put hands feet matter body sat card table stared cards peeked turn faces players bored began yawn feeling sleepy past usual bedtime wanted leave host wouldn let toast overcoat champagne insisted drink glasses champagne felt party gayer unable forget midnight home ago spite host think quietly hall found overcoat annoyance lying floor shook carefully removed speck find put walked stairs street street lighted stores meeting places servants sort open closed showed streak light doors company dispersed maids finishing gossip conversations leaving masters perplexed whereabouts
found high fever thanks generous assistance petersburg climate illness progressed expectations doctor felt pulse found prescribed patient deprived beneficial aid medicine doctor added patient half called turning landlady doctor woman waste order coffin pine oak imagine expensive heard fateful words heard shattering effect sorry lose wretched matters conjecture feverish delirious apparitions stranger crowding saw petrovich ordered overcoat sort concealed traps catch thieves hiding bed minute calling landlady pull slipped blanket ask dressing gown hanging front overcoat find standing important personage listening reprimand repeating sorry excellency sorry
eat peaches planned nap sat total stranger fact father couldn remember hundred yesterday kind funny biggest mustache seen mustache lot red brown hair nose ends mouth wore blue white striped jersey shirt tie coat arms covered hair lighter thinner wore blue slacks shoes socks barefoot course home home paris call home especially young thirty told sleep hot afternoon august morning walk neighborhood seen peaches box small store stopped look bought kilo peaches large plate card table sat
finally arrived place sea travel beset difficulty pause swimming inquire manner current caught progress ceased shore set bit scenery stage looked understood eyes detail cook passed farther left captain calling turn cook turn oar sir cook turned paddling oar ahead canoe presently boat passed left correspondent captain clinging hand keel appeared raising look board fence extraordinary gymnastics boat correspondent marveled captain hold passed nearer shore oiler cook captain water jar bouncing gaily seas correspondent remained grip strange enemy current shore white slope sand green bluff topped silent cottages spread picture impressed gallery looks scene brittany algiers thought going drown
read story divide trying follow action deciding spend trying figure story means author trying tell feel words important recall evaluate read try interpret story lose pleasure discovering meaning lose opportunity apply meaning lives junior books program stress interpretation helping develop habit asking continually wonder author means interpretation begins reading selection reading main concern writing responses selection responses mean questions thoughts feelings author words form underlining passages writing comments putting question marks margin matter important note responses hard responses head harder try connect responses turn questions don write preparation shared inquiry read pencil pen hand read responses sources
suggest try write questions selection section want talk qualities prepared questions quality questions write discussion interpretive interpretive questions provide ways explore author meaning purpose shared inquiry quality look prepared questions doubt answers questions answer think answered correctly sure doubt answers prepared questions fairly answered discussing selection read participants say express lot opinions pinned evidence selection addition prepared questions specific questions specific show immediately problem interpretation selection questions read selection carefully write specific questions mean questions trivial points selection deal consider important problems interpretation question father let daughter mind things telling
investigating magistrate stood emaciated peasant striped shirt ticking patched trousers hairy face covered smallpox scars eyes scarcely visible thick overhanging brows bore expression surly head overgrown thicket uncombed hair giving air cross spider barefoot denis investigating magistrate began step answer questions seventh present month july railroad watchman ivan checking rails morning caught hundred forty unscrewing nut bolts fasten rails ties nut nut detained correct ye say place yes tell unscrew nut ye say mind ye says answer question unscrew nut needed unscrewed denis muttered furtive glance ceiling purpose need sudden nut sinkers nuts common folk peasants listen don play fool talk sense won lie sinkers lied start lying denis grumbled blinking
silence auto upside wheels air father lying blue marks chin lip heck kill felt kind sullen stirring felt believed think father killed easily exactly happened hit uncle andrew says says chance million gave con brain killed chance million older boys gravely gravely nodded million trillion knocked crazy loon cried waggling forefinger rapid blubbery noise loose lower lip shut yer goddamn mouth older boy coldly sense heard ole tin lizzie rolled top account false rufus sure exciting creditable father question scornfully kill blow chin didn try contradict felt lying disloyal instantly killed
child race meeting eyes blue fire pursed mouth tight watched frenchman front put money lancelot wild excitement flayed arms yelling lancelot lancelot french accent daffodil lancelot child flushed eyes blazing curiously serene uncle brought pound notes cried waving boy eyes suppose talk bassett boy expect fifteen hundred twenty reserve twenty uncle studied moments look son re bassett fifteen hundred yes uncle honour bright honour bright son talk bassett partner uncle bassett partners promise honour bright uncle let bassett lucky lucky ten shillings started winning uncle oscar took bassett paul richmond park afternoon talked sir bassett master paul talking racing events spinning yarns sir keen knowing lost
dark set camp fire smoking feeling pretty satisfied sort lonesome set bank listened current counted stars drift logs rafts bed put lonesome days nights difference thing exploring island boss belonged say wanted mainly wanted put found plenty strawberries ripe prime green summer grapes green green blackberries beginning show handy judged fooling deep woods till judged warn foot island gun shot protection thought kill game nigh home mighty stepped sized snake sliding grass flowers trying shot clipped sudden bounded ashes camp fire smoking heart jumped lungs
breakfast wanted talk dead guess killed jim didn want fetch bad luck ha nt warn buried likely ha planted comfortable sounded pretty reasonable didn say couldn studying wishing knowed shot rummaged clothes found dollars silver sewed lining blanket overcoat jim reckoned house stole coat knowed money wouldn left reckoned killed jim didn want talk says think bad luck say fetched snake skin found top ridge yesterday worst bad luck touch snake skin hands bad luck raked truck dollars wish bad luck jim mind honey mind don git comin mind tell comin
close clock island raft mighty slow boat going canoe break illinois shore boat didn thought put gun canoe fishing line eat sweat think things warn judgment put raft island expect found camp fire built watched night jim anyways stayed building fire fooled warn fault mine played low streak began show tied towhead big bend illinois side hacked cottonwood branches hatchet covered raft looked cave bank towhead sand bar cottonwoods thick harrow teeth mountains missouri shore heavy timber illinois side channel missouri shore place warn afraid running laid watched rafts steamboats spin missouri shore steamboats fight big river middle
col gentleman gentleman family born saying worth horse widow douglas denied aristocracy town pap warn quality col tall slim complexion sign red anywheres clean shaved morning thin face thinnest kind lips thinnest kind nostrils high nose heavy eyebrows blackest kind eyes sunk deep looking caverns say forehead high hair gray straight hung shoulders hands thin put clean shirt full suit head foot linen white hurt eyes look sundays wore blue brass buttons carried mahogany cane silver head warn bit warn loud kind feel confidence
shared inquiry talk issues find issues news argue issues agree disagree political leader stand issues sense word describe controversial problem opposite views shared inquiry word similar specialized meaning issue interpretive question includes guess author meaning calls alternative answers turn correct issue interpretive question answer yes author believe uncle oscar paul mother responsible paul death issue interpretive question requires choose alternative ideas author paul die show willing sacrifice mother realize interpretive questions answer question form issue show evidence story decided yes chose idea support present side issue increase understanding selection interpretive question form issue guess author meaning yes question guess
shared inquiry word resolution means getting answer question resolution point discussion members group called answer interpretive question discussion based support answers facts selection interpretive questions answered satisfactorily likely members group answers definition resolution mean total agreement majority opinion answer resolution individual matter occurs convinced answer interpretive question supported evidence discussion leader continue explore interpretive question mind question answered participant feel free bring points interpretive question doubt answer reliable sign group leaving interpretive question resolved satisfaction attempt participant reintroduce leaders switch question author meaning occurs discussion leaders backtrack moment determine facts ideas raised provide answer question discussing
stood wheel watching current stream bald eagles fishing herring waited boat lift drop instant passed tops islands wreathed cloud sides fell steeply firs covered grew precisely high tide line slack british columbia showed bones straight wet dark rock sign village indian boy deckhand eyes sought beach ago big stones removed war canoes pulled stern beach clean straight scattered mound broken white gray rain green spruce remembered words caleb quoted repeated clam shells indian country leave queen victoria indian boy quickly didn hear caleb prepared working mill town eager return village boat papers handle boat ten knows coast learn think shy wrong
morning young vicar indian deckhand daylight hurried breakfast galley deck jumped float survey rain stopped wind softened sky blue flecked cloud swung lowered small boat stowed young vicar gear village organ jim put gum boots undid line climbed boat started outboard motor mouth river word young vicar worked boat begun think boat thought arms legs extension caleb told frequently fisherman lost boat busy catch check beautiful sight boat burning night caleb dryly mark engine room slowly double checking washed dishes galley placing carefully racks held tight gale checked log put charts berths cleaned refrigerator closed portholes sun high sky deck await canoes heard coming inlet outboard motors sharp cedar air saw black green thirty feet narrow
morning young vicar stepped rickety porch funeral happened village quiet utterly peace river black canoe moored watched older indian woman waded icy water climbed canoe poled center stream dumped garbage knew sun sleet rain snow tried start fire kitchen stove wood wet stovepipe smoked open coffee opener finally extracted sufficient coffee cups hammering hole top nail occurred stay alive fed clean going occupy hours breakfast church noticed tower broken altar hangings candles approached altar saw frontal piece doubt small town church acquired propped crates important fine early fall church dank cold knew wanted stand golden eagle winter sunday watch congregation freeze dearly beloved brethren blessing manage nail plywood bare studding insulation
grouse dance brought tribe marriage river inlet elder introduced jim translated words boy woods grouse sure caught feel pulling jerking lost thought boy lay fir sleep hear grouse drumming dance dream watch carefully character wears door mask opens grouse enter calling softly indian walking stream woods knowing woods indian knows saw dance meaning beauty dance lasted hours twenty characters masks songs dances stump looking trunk green spruce growing top mossy log fish swimming upstream face laughing face giant skull lost woods indians sat sound movement utterly attentive moon dance performed pantomime full moon half moon tonight tonight powerful stay longer
alert bay mark visited residential school saw gordon older children village headquarters rcmp mark discussed problem ellie sergeant charge detachment past middle age wise mark learned ellie parents consent easy mark told sergeant sister older listening carefully interruption learned giant mask dealer tried buy dealers genius knowing fishing poor family needy indians easy easy goes days budget times excellent debt dealers pick carvings believe girl part family finest village trouble found watch doubt married tires preparation find late march tribe prepared coming season deep tradition taboos superstitions remembered
village tore boards cut shared firewood foundation house prepared according blueprints bishop mark live marta house spoiled indian delicacies berry sprouts cooked alder salmon eggs baked milkweed topped fern jim dined times mark liked summer elders dropped speak culture alike tied common bond left remember ways speak forgotten mark appalled remembered past encouraged write small treasures floated minds girl family took bones halibut water edge gave sea young strolled village singing love songs songs absence sorrow spoke heart mother strip bark young cedar remember spoke tree forgive seek dress
afternoon january weather turned cold river protected spot current swift ice began form days able tribe broke ice desperate attempt river free boats move night mark turn awoke sound canoes dragged bank arose huge pot coffee morning children walking gleefully river firm ice afternoon walking drag wood burn village ice bound boat oil propane fed warm alive woman sorry fuel family true shot deer freezing need share friend huge wet flakes fell place dry snow ice began break river mark jim reached float canoe boat float store bring food forty gallon drums oil hundred pound tanks propane tribe met float help load canoes snow falling heavily mountains sides inlet ghostly white night
sunday late march occurred small unforgettable happenings mark grown expect snow rain fallen patiently mark shook fire big round stove rang church bell noticed leaden sky overhung village winter dark gloomy communion service spoke words angels company heaven bright light suddenly filled church bowed heads lifted sun glistening snows crowned whoop mark felt burden winter lift common shoulder heard sigh gratitude rise common heart service tribe poured slowly church lingering groups path cedar foot totem thin peter bear leaves den stands blinking light agreed nodding cruel winter hard elder grandfather gordon steps church lifted arm cried quiet say importance fishing begun waiting giving dance potlatch jim grand nephew pass rights ceremonies family
village tribe heard roar slide prolonged intensified tossed steep inlet side trees fallen waters begun calm echoes rumbled distance growing slowly fainter tribe heard knew meant ancestors sound lay oldest deepest memories myths sound whoop gods lived noisy mountain saw enemy coming river huge slide destroy cedar houses wait light lamps pulled shirts trousers jackets gum boots seeking tools lanterns footfalls sounded softly path led past dark river bank night suddenly starkly water splashed waded boats woman voice careful careful outboard motors sputtered caught women young sick women left wait ages night women waited morning returned bring news food boat vicar caught slide wreckage sighted wreckage heard voice call draw close identify
seen animals pets mouse certainly seen rabbits squirrels live country met skunks ground hogs moles opossums badgers chipmunks raccoons foxes deer zoo strange animals faraway lands lions tigers monkeys elephants zebras giraffes strange dinosaurs strangest animals lived word dinosaur means terrible lizard dinosaurs belonged family known reptiles today snakes lizards crocodiles belong family dinosaur blood cold body warmed sun baby dinosaurs hatched eggs millions ago dinosaurs roamed earth shapes sizes bigger rabbits walked hind legs stood tall palm trees short arms curved claws dinosaurs big kind weighed ten elephants neck small head tail school bus giant animal waded edges lakes rivers eating soft plants water kind dinosaur short legs looked army tank horns stuck head machine guns neck bony shield frightening dinosaurs row pointed plates middle
dinosaurs lived millions ago warm blooded animals mice rabbits lions human saw dinosaur lizards disappeared millions women children appeared earth earth place age dinosaurs mountains volcanoes volcanoes shot fire smoke ashes sky poured melted rock plains weather warmer stayed warm round thick jungles swamps stretched warm weather dinosaurs reptiles cold blooded animals needed warm sunshine days oceans bigger today united states covered water kansas wyoming montana nebraska colorado states bottom sea later land rose water ran places dry land water today north america asia separated north narrow strip water days continents joined strip dry land animals walk continent dinosaur bones found parts dinosaurs creatures kinds reptiles air oceans
dinosaurs died millions ago alive looked dinosaurs bones found dinosaur bones found eggs footprints hard believe scientists puzzled bones discovered scientists figured story dinosaurs worked slowly spent putting bones dinosaur story began united states young country single railroad built traveled wagon boat horseback feet strange bones dug valley connecticut river knew kind animal later strange teeth found rocks sussex england lady found took husband dr gideon doctor scientist dr seen big teeth showed scientists teeth rhinoceros heard rhinoceros england rhinoceros belonged africa asia dr took tools place teeth found dug carefully found number strange bones
slowly dinosaurs developed defense eaten began grow bony plates armor period plates thick king tyrants couldn chew armored dinosaurs stegosaurus feet built close ground humped ran row pointed bony plates stood straight thin sharp stegosaurus powerful tail tip huge spikes feet dinosaur swing weapon side side rip open belly enemy bigger stegosaurus stupid body bigger elephant head brain larger walnut armor wouldn lasted dangerous tail carried stegosaurus low thick body covered bone plates tail ended huge mass bone club crack ribs largest dinosaur fellow plod jungle wasn afraid meet tyrannosaurus monster bite bony plates kind dinosaur looked army tank dangerous triceratops word means horned face face kind wouldn want meet museum
cars final steep slope passed narrow gateway wall lay mongolia land deserts grassy plains snow capped mountains days edge gobi ground level wanted place plain cut rain deep valleys wanted inside ground found kind spot put tents tents looking fossils found pieces bone didn look important fossils found part excited shook hands laughed shouted pounded expedition success fossils badly broken couldn sure kind animal bones belonged called important discovery found scientists dr walter granger knees whisk broom brush sand ground bone lying rock doubt bone dinosaur dinosaur known asia north himalaya mountains
knows dinosaurs disappeared guesses reasons important changed greatly slow change warm weather winters turned cold swamps seas dry land hard vegetable feeding dinosaurs splash lakes swamps couldn eat birds animals today travel distances escape cold weather food dinosaurs big clumsy trips died hunger cut food supply king tyrants meat eating dinosaurs big fellows needed tons meat fat duckbill meal duckbills meat eaters died hunger couldn change habits changing meat alive switching vegetables dinosaurs reason dinosaurs small brains giant stegosaurus brain size kitten didn alive changed warm blooded animals appeared earth dinosaurs troubles animals furry creatures bigger rat eaten dinosaur eggs warm blooded animals larger millions
stranger early february wintry biting wind driving snow snowfall walking railway station carrying black portmanteau thickly gloved hand wrapped head foot brim soft felt hat hid inch face shiny tip nose snow piled shoulders chest added white crest burden carried staggered coach horses dead alive flung portmanteau fire cried human charity room fire stamped shook snow bar mrs hall guest parlour strike bargain introduction ready acquiescence terms couple sovereigns flung table took quarters inn mrs hall lit fire left prepare meal hands guest stop wintertime unheard piece luck let guest resolved show worthy fortune soon bacon underway millie lymphatic aid bit deftly chosen expressions contempt carried cloth plates glasses parlour began lay utmost
twenty ninth february beginning thaw singular person feel infinity village luggage arrived slush remarkable luggage couple trunks rational need addition box books big fat books incomprehensible handwriting dozen crates boxes cases objects packed straw hall tugging casual curiosity straw glass bottles stranger muffled hat coat gloves wrapper impatiently meet cart hall word gossip preparatory helping bring noticing dog sniffing dilettante spirit hall legs boxes waiting steps tail cart lay hands smaller crate sooner dog caught sight began bristle growl savagely rushed steps gave undecided hop sprang straight hand cried hall jumping hero dogs howled lie snatched whip saw dog teeth slipped hand heard kick saw dog execute flanking jump home stranger leg heard rip
facts burglary chiefly medium vicar wife occurred small hours whit monday devoted club festivities mrs bunting woke suddenly stillness comes dawn strong impression door bedroom opened closed arouse husband sat bed listening distinctly heard pad pad pad bare feet coming adjoining dressing room walking passage staircase soon felt assured aroused rev bunting quietly strike light putting spectacles dressing gown bath slippers landing listen heard distinctly fumbling going study desk downstairs violent sneeze returned bedroom armed obvious weapon poker descended staircase noiselessly mrs bunting landing hour ultimate darkness night past faint shimmer light hall study doorway yawned black faint creaking stairs bunting tread slight movements study snapped drawer opened rustle papers
ten clock morning found marvel unshaven dirty travel stained sitting books hands deep pockets looking weary nervous uncomfortable inflating cheeks frequent intervals bench inn outskirts port stowe books tied string bundle abandoned pine woods accordance change plans invisible marvel sat bench took slightest notice agitation remained fever heat hands pockets curious nervous fumbling sitting part hour elderly mariner carrying newspaper inn sat pleasant mariner marvel glanced terror weather mariner taking denial marvel mariner produced toothpick saving regard engrossed minutes eyes liberty examine marvel dusty figure books approached marvel heard sound dropping coins pocket struck contrast marvel appearance suggestion opulence mind wandered topic curiously firm hold imagination
doctor kemp continued writing study shots aroused crack crack crack hullo doctor kemp putting pen mouth listening letting revolvers burdock asses south window threw leaning stared network windows beaded gas lamps shops black roofs town night looks crowd hill remained watching eyes wandered town ships lights shone pier glowed illuminated pavilion gem yellow light moon quarter hung western hill stars clean bright minutes mind travelled remote speculation social conditions future lost dimension doctor kemp roused sigh pulled window returned writing desk hour front door bell rang writing intervals abstraction shots sat listening heard servant answer door waited feet staircase wonder doctor kemp tried resume failed downstairs study landing rang called balustrade housemaid appeared hall
matter asked kemp invisible admitted answer confound smash fit temper invisible forgot arm sore re liable sort thing kemp walked room picked fragments broken glass facts kemp standing glass hand happened hill aware invisible citizen knows invisible swore secret gather secret don plans course anxious help invisible sat bed breakfast upstairs kemp speaking easily delighted find strange guest rose willingly kemp led narrow staircase kemp understand invisibility sat nervous glance window air talking doubts sanity entire business flashed vanished looked griffin sat breakfast table headless dressing gown wiping unseen lips miraculously held simple credible griffin putting leaning invisible head invisible hand
kemp side glance window moved nearer guest spoke manner prevent possibility sudden glimpse advancing hill road intolerable slowness kemp planning heading port burdock plan going clear country altered plan seeing thought wise weather hot invisibility south especially secret known lookout masked muffled line steamers france idea aboard run risks passage train spain algiers difficult invisible live things tramp money boy luggage carrier decided books things meet clear filthy brute needs try rob hidden books kemp hidden books lay hands plan books
kemp read strange written pencil greasy sheet paper amazingly energetic clever letter ran stand gain imagine chased tried rob night rest food spite slept spite game beginning game beginning start terror announces terror port burdock longer queen tell colonel police rest terror epoch epoch invisible invisible begin rule easy execution sake named kemp death starts lock hide guards put armour likes death unseen death coming let precautions impress death starts pillar box midday letter fall postman comes game begins death starts help death fall kemp die kemp read letter hoax voice
dr kemp nearest neighbour villa holders asleep summer house siege kemp house began sturdy minority refused believe nonsense invisible wife subsequently reminded insisted walking garden matter sleep afternoon accordance custom slept smashing windows woke suddenly curious persuasion wrong looked kemp house rubbed eyes looked put feet ground sat listening damned strange thing visible house looked deserted weeks violent riot window broken window save study blinded internal shutters sworn looked watch twenty minutes ago aware measured concussion clash glass distance sat open mouthed wonderful thing shutters dining room window flung open violently housemaid outdoor hat garments appeared struggling frantic manner throw sash suddenly appeared helping dr kemp moment window open housemaid struggling pitched forward vanished shrubs
goes twenty looking turned tried tell accepted answers contradiction contradictory naive looking asking questions answer took painful expectations achieve realization appears born discover invisible freak nature history cards things equal unequal eighty ago ashamed grandparents slaves ashamed ashamed eighty ago told free united country pertaining common social separate fingers hand believed exulted stayed place worked hard brought father grandfather odd guy grandfather told caused trouble
beautiful college buildings covered vines roads gracefully winding lined hedges wild roses dazzled eyes summer sun honeysuckle purple wisteria hung heavy trees white magnolias mixed scents bee humming air recalled hole grass turned green springtime mocking birds fluttered tails sang moon shone buildings bell chapel tower rang precious short lived hours girls bright summer dresses promenaded grassy lawn times night closed eyes walked forbidden road winds past girls dormitories past hall clock tower windows warmly aglow past small white home economics practice cottage whiter moonlight road sloping turning paralleling black powerhouse engines droning earth shaking rhythms dark windows red glow furnace road bridge dry riverbed tangled brush clinging vines bridge rustic logs trysting virginal untested lovers road past buildings southern verandas half city block sudden forking barren buildings birds grass road turned insane asylum
wakes tell ole lady bout crazy dream morning gettin light lookin straight lou face shakin cryin havin fit surprised move cryin daddy daddy daddy remember ole lady move moved sin don move maybe sin happened asleep maybe look ole pigtail gal whore anyway realizes don move ole lady don want happen worse sin lou tryin quiet git fix chokes gits hisself tight spot longer tryin git move movin flew walk move movin thought bout heap think hard things
ah course story bore body strange city speech leader lay sad news spread mourning declared municipality rich poor black white weak powerful young pay homage realizing leader worth loss passing mission dr returned keeping sorrowful vigil friend humble baggage car pay respects stations slow train sorrowful train line mountain valley rails found fateful course common mourning cold steel rails spiked sorrow sad departure sadder arrival young friends hear weeping wailing shared labors sweet leader returned rock cold iron immobility death left quick prime manhood author fire illumination returned cold bronzed statue despair young friends black despair black wandering grounds brick bird blade grass reminder precious memory memory hammer stroke driving home blunt spikes sorrow
station empty ticket window open porter gray uniform pushing broom bought ticket climbed bus passengers seated rear red nickel interior suddenly felt dreaming vet gave smile recognition attendant sat welcome young called imagine attendant traveling companion morning reluctantly looked seat bus empty rear reserved move didn vet part experience trying blot consciousness talking norton foreshadowing misfortune sensed accepted punishment wanted remember connected golden smaller type accompany violent cases glad remembered violent thing vet tongue mouth gotten trouble hoped wouldn turn white driver apt killed bus anyway
blueprints bout hundred pounds blueprints couldn build blueprints damn cities towns country clubs buildings houses damn build house live paper house japan guess changed plans added laugh asked getting rid stuff throw em place plans plenty lot yeah loads stuff folks making plans changing em yes thinking letters mistake stick plan looked suddenly grave kinda young daddy answer corner top hill daddy talking youngster country leave ole downhill streets coast won worn end damn let em run grave seeing
subway avenue drunken angle focused teetering scene wild infant eyes head throbbing huge women spoiled cream complexions struggle massive bodies past flowered hips trembling threatening flames walk moved bright orange slant sun boil saw going legs watery beneath head clear clear recording crowd swerving legs feet eyes hands bent knees scuffed shoes eyed excitement moving unhalting big dark woman saying boy wrong husky voiced contralto saying weak trying stand saying don stand let breathe stand echoed official tone moving break side helping stand policeman saying answering yes felt weak fainted ordering crowd move moving woman saying sure okay daddy nodding yes saying live son telling house looking shaking head saying house house shucks place condition weak needs woman eye awhile
working fiercely inside moment forgotten rest crowd recognized consciousness ashamed witness eviction unwilling intruders shameful event careful touch stare hard effects lined curb witnesses wish curious fascinated despite shame female mind plunging crying looked feeling eyes burn throat tighten woman sobbing strange effect child seeing tears parents moved fear sympathy cry turned feeling drawn couple warm dark rising whirlpool emotion feared wary sight crying sidewalk making begin feel wanted leave ashamed leave rapidly part leave turned looked clutter household objects continued pile walk crowd pushed looked looking oval frame portrait couple young seeing sad stiff dignity faces feeling strange memories awakening began echoing head hysterical voice stuttering dark street
odor mary cabbage changed mind standing engulfed fumes filling hall struck couldn realistically reject job cabbage depressing reminder leaner childhood suffered silently served week dawned mary short money congratulating refusing job thought don money owe felt quick sickness grow face quietly room lay bed brooding roomers jobs knew received help relatives mistake mary loved variety food concentration cabbage accident noticed kind lay hearing don bothering troubles boy git bye bye try apologize paying rent board roomer moved lost job mary problems anyway articulated grievances red headed put going months idea kind granted thought debt refused job
months later brother jack called apartment midnight tell prepared ride excited fortunately awake dressed drove minutes later waiting expectantly curb maybe thought saw hunched wheel topcoat waiting brother getting tired sleep problems car silent decided ask questions thing learned thought watching staring road lost thought maybe brothers waiting put paces fine waiting examination going looked discover brought harlem parking car drink getting heading neon lighted sign bull head announced el bar disappointed wanted drink wanted step lay assignment inside surge irritation barroom warm quiet usual rows bottles exotic names lined shelves rear argued spanish glasses beer juke box lit green red played media
trustee inspired compulsion read papers touched hands prevented throwing envelope appeared important item morning mail brother advice friend watching closely fast working remember forget big cut south white friendly advice easy helping colored want fast cut smart shot feet paper rattling hands mean send thing brother tarp called reading lines handwriting familiar brother tarp son looking received shock framed gray early morning light door grandfather look eyes gave quick gasp silence hear wheezing breath eyed wrong limping room reached envelope taking calmly hands yes saw
arrived benches arranged side room hot filled smoke meetings sounded prizefight smoker silent white brothers looked uncomfortable harlem brothers belligerent leave think sooner apologized lateness brother jack struck table gavel addressing remarks brother misunderstanding brothers concerning recent conduct stared blankly mind groping connections sorry brother jack don understand mean wrong face completely neutral charges charges failed carry directive doubt let brother speak brother shocked talk looked table evasive face seeing stand slouch rolled paper protruding pocket yes brothers brought charges hated watching things going decided don stop soon brother going fool brotherhood sounds protest
dozed tinkling ice glass shrill bells felt profoundly sad winter fallen hour lay chestnut hair let watching heavy lidded blue eye shadowed eyes sound arose don answer boo ful voice coming suddenly working mouth don answer let er ring reaching red nailed fingers took hands understanding don boo ful rang hand reason words childhood prayer spilled mind swift water hello frantic unrecognizable voice district brother ill wrong trouble brother re kind trouble bad trouble brother trying harsh sound breaking glass distant brittle fine crash line dead hello seeing sybil wavering lips saying boo ful tried dial hearing busy signal throbbing amen amen amen ah sat trick put eyes looking blue shadow boo stood pulled arm
reached shooting sounded distant celebration fourth july hurried forward st nicholas street lights thunderous sound arose saw running pushing jarred walk safe say began hell leaped street sudden brilliant suspension interval ax stroke felling tall tree loud noise loud silence aware figures crouching doorways curb burst street conscious unable rise struggling street seeing flashes guns corner avenue aware left speeding rumbling safe walk street policemen invisible black shirts thrust flaming pistols safe rollers pitched forward farther past corner bullet struck auto tire released air shrieking huge animal agony rolled flopping willing crawl closer curb unable feeling sudden wet warmth face seeing safe shooting wildly intersection rounding corner dark pounding skittering safe bounded tangent shot intersection lodged rail curtain sparks lit block blue dream dream dreaming cops braced target range feet forward free arms firing deliberate aim
moved tight knit order carrying sticks clubs shotguns rifles led ras ras destroyer black horse ras haughty vulgar dignity dressed costume abyssinian chieftain fur cap head arm bearing shield cape skin wild animal shoulders figure dream harlem harlem night real alive alarming stupid looting called group store burst armory guns ammunition hearing voice opened case searched dark glasses drawing crushed lenses fall street rinehart thought rinehart turned police shooting started caught felt case feeling papers shattered iron coins fingers closing tarp leg chain slipped knuckles trying think closed flap locking mood settling larger crowd ras drawn calmly forward holding heavy case moving sense feeling relief sigh knew suddenly knew shaped completely mind
wished phone stop ringing bad sick let phone ring night boy sick sour french wine couldn hold head big stomach going round round round fine thing answer phone sounded ringing room million miles wide head million miles wide hell telephone damn bell end walk couple ring ring ring night maybe wanted bad telephones ringing night important think pay attention expect answer tired head plenty big stick phone ear couldn feel drinking dynamite didn answer goddam telephone hey joe front center sick hell damned fool making night shipping room telephone noisy wouldn think hear tiny sound phone ringing heard click click click battle creek wrappers rattle belt conveyors howl rotary ovens upstairs rumble steel route bins hauled place sputter motors garage tuned morning scream dollies needed oil hell didn oil
mother singing kitchen hear singing sound voice sound home sang tune sang words tune kind absent voice thinking singing killing busiest sang fall poplars cottonwoods turned red yellow mother working singing kitchen coal burning stove stirring apple butter big canning peaches peaches rich spicy smell house making jelly pulp fruit hung flour sack cooler part stove cloth juices oozed pan pan thick pinkish cream scum edges center juice clear red baking bread baked bread week jar starter ice box baking baking worry yeast bread heavy brown swelled inches top pan took oven smeared brown crust butter let cool bread rolls
summer big ditch north town stripped clothes lay banks talked water warm summer air heat rising brown gray land steam swim bank sit naked tan talk talk bicycles girls dogs guns talk camping trips rabbit hunting girls fishing talk hunting knives wanted glen hogan talk girls age girls dates took pavilion fair grounds began talked ties matching handkerchiefs wore brogue shoes shirts bright red green yellow stripes glen hogan silk shirts girls important matter car humiliating thing walk girl pavilion didn money dance drive lazily fair grounds hear music coming night pavilion songs meaning words felt swelled inside wished pavilion
place stopped quit breathing diane front steps arms arms kissing didn stood tree watched didn want watch wanted watch think felt ashamed watching couldn move inch spot stood stood watched pretty soon guy kissing let diane ran steps funny turned door smile couldn face course knew smiling minute kissing turned began coming walk whistling whistling softly kind bouncing walked kissed diane trees starlight fell face bill harper stood bill harper walked street turned corner light diane living room light bedroom saw shadow curtain crossed light stood thought goodbye diane goodbye started walking home
began smother pant pushed mattress face holding breathing hard fast wasn breathing wasn air passing nose didn nose feel chest rise fall quiver breath air passing place nose wild panicky eagerness die kill tried calm breathing stop breathing entirely suffocate feel muscles bottom throat close tight air breathing chest wasn air throat stopped lungs sucking throat knew surely dying curious didn want die found nose mouth palate tongue stands reason shy parts nonsense shape dead couldn lose living knew lost thinking alive dead don think dead curious sick curiosity dead began reach nerves face
guys sitting looked didn say mission line money wham happened mission ago guys bakery learned argue guys mission matter closely questioned matter stories proved lies stuck stick stories excuse guys bakery accept stories told guys mission say jose talking grunted week easter meant hot cross buns meant lots extra help shipping crew couldn put twenty thirty thousand dozen hot cross buns extra jody offered jose job week jose took worker hot cross buns larry quit jose larry job grateful quiet pleased weather warmer sleeping park wonderful thing saved money jose needed money clothes going studios dressed jose jose letter
campfire built front tent tent enormous pine slept inside tent raining needles pine falling sitting staring fire father summer place thousand feet high covered pine trees dotted lakes fished lakes slept night roar water streams connected lakes sounded ears night coming place fifteen bill harper going tomorrow sat front fire looked father wondered going tell thing tomorrow trips wanted fishing father previous trips idea occurred father preferred company preferred father company guys bill harper coming tomorrow wanted fishing knew happen knew end ending beginning wondered tell father
lying kind high hill noise camping trip plenty think figure things things thought things going war completely hill noise didn enter figuring things figured considering single thing thought clearer answers sense didn sense didn matter going able thought joe lying side beef rest tapped shoulder son re going war deal buying car running errand say buying bad cars money running errands fools starving death kind duty owed son stand say look mister going end
dead single millions killed say god glad dead death dishonor say glad died safe democracy say death losing liberty say think guts blown honor country say look dead died decency alive say rotting foreign grave wonderful die native land say hurray died womanhood happy sing mouth choked worms dead things talk worth dying dead talk words noble deaths sacred blood honor put dead lips grave robbers fakes speak dead says death dishonor fool liar death able judge knows living dying fool believes death dishonor let ahead die
ordinary army shoot thing funny guy caused hell stink officers argued politely shooting couldn things called colonel colonel talk puzzled tougher tougher dared shoot court martial bring truth fraud king george resign lloyd george colonel stayed sitting bottom trench pretty soon order transferring lines weeks wouldn fire direction troops commanded king funny americans knew lazarus showed gray morning happening sudden fog loomed big fat hun coming british lines lot talk place patrol duty lost trying desert maybe crazy wandering barbed wire shell holes hell
thought passed mind mother sisters chance forever lovely young standing looking minute putting hand soft tiny hand beautiful beautiful hand touch forehead feel touch hand delight turned suddenly shame hoped mother sisters visit didn want didn want known knew foolish wish loneliness think comforting warm pleasant idea bed terrible cope jerked head convulsively visitors knew dislodged mask thinking masks wanted hide face turn blind sockets seeing chewed hole nose mouth living human face frantic began thrash side side sick high fever monotonously repeat motion word
lost track trap counting calculation happened lost track tapping instant awakened began tap continued moment drowsiness overcame fell asleep past portion energy thought tapping dreamed tapping tapped awake dreamed tapping asleep difficulty distinguishing wakefulness sleep sprang positive dreaming awake tapping asleep lost utterly idea tapping going maybe weeks maybe month sense remained original completely hypnotized tapping thinking didn pretend didn speculate night nurses goings didn listen vibrations floor didn think past didn consider future lay tapped message didn understand nurse tried hard soothe trying calm irritable patient
question sure translated grew quiet moment sitting silent room waiting important waiting suddenly hearing knock door minute hesitate wondering want re scared waited expected knock open door prepare shock disappointment discovering person wanting find impossible happened visitor praying arrived re relieved surprised don exactly say begin want longed sea ship suddenly ship asked wanted expected ship spent wishing figuring expected break trouble trying understand thing idea hope difficult important end driving crazy
wonderful business pay trouble give heard half half woman heard bearded woman thin midget seen human mermaids wild borneo meat eating girl congo throw fish watch snap seen writes toes walks hands siamese twins rows unborn babies pickled alcohol seen dime worth sensation show sponsors tour barnum fine notices newspapers holler push money guarantee dead alive live dead won tent build safe democracy won fall christ sake re let join army army makes country roads stop farmhouse field ring dinner gong farmers wives children hired women
tapping forehead paid attention mind suddenly blank hollow completely quiet moment began think message mistake meant exactly knew hear wail pain heart sharp terrible personal pain kind pain comes harm turns says goodbye goodbye forever reason reason wasn blame trouble causing drawing curtain stuffing womb grave saying goodbye don bother don dead stay dead hurt tried give trouble care true intentionally wasn thief drunkard liar murderer guy worse guy war bad hurt trying prison feel fresh cool air skin sense color movement
schoolmaster leaving village sorry miller lent small white tilted cart horse carry goods city destination twenty miles vehicle proving sufficient size departing teacher effects schoolhouse partly furnished managers cumbersome article possessed master addition packing case books cottage piano bought auction thought learning instrumental music enthusiasm waned acquired skill playing purchased article perpetual trouble moving house rector disliked sight mean return till evening school teacher arrived settled smooth blacksmith farm bailiff schoolmaster standing perplexed attitudes parlour instrument master remarked cart arrival city bound going temporary lodgings boy eleven thoughtfully assisting packing joined group rubbed chins spoke blushing sound voice aunt fuel house put till found place settle sir
walking slowly reason concentration boy ancient phases thought younger overtaken light footed pedestrian notwithstanding gloom perceive wearing extraordinarily tall hat swallow tailed coat watch chain danced madly threw sky light owner swung pair thin legs noiseless boots jude beginning feel lonely endeavoured hurry walk pretty fast alongside yes think physician ah known comes public benefactor itinerant quack doctor known rustic population absolutely unknown took care avoid inconvenient investigations cottagers formed patients wessex wide position humbler field obscure quacks capital organized system advertising fact survival distances traversed foot enormous extended nearly length breadth wessex jude seen selling pot coloured lard woman cure bad leg woman arranging pay guinea shilling fortnight precious salve according physician obtained animal grazed mount sinai captured risk limb
memorable date saturday returning clock afternoon fine warm soft summer weather walked tools chisels clinking faintly larger basket end week left early town roundabout route frequent promised call flour mill execute commission aunt enthusiastic mood living comfortably course knocking doors strongholds learning dreamed course capacity preferred enter city assurance means feel present warm content suffused considered turned face peeps country side saw act automatic repetition accustomed occupied matter engaged mental estimate progress acquired average student power read common ancient classics latin
deterrent influences jude instinct approach timidly sunday morning service cathedral church cardinal college gain view found frequently attended awaited afternoon finer knew approach building eastern side green accessible stood corner bell going minutes hour service appeared figures walking college walls sight advanced side opposite building glad revealed unseen unknown present lingered awhile vestibule service advanced put seat mournful afternoon religion sort necessity ordinary practical luxury emotional leisured classes dim light baffling glare windows discern opposite worshippers indistinctly saw sue discovered exact seat occupied chanting psalm choir engaged reached part quo organ changing pathetic gregorian tune singers gave
schoolmaster sat homely dwelling attached school modern looked house teacher sue lodging arrangement concluded quickly pupil teacher transferred school failed sue stop gap provisional arrangements till annual visit inspector approval permanent taught london abandoned vocation late miss exactly novice thought difficulty retaining services wished weeks found bright jude master tradesman wish apprentice saves half labour half past clock morning waiting cross road school follow twenty minutes cross light hat tossed head watched curiosity emanation skill teacher surround morning school sue remained governing class end room eye
stroke scorn relieved mind morning laughed conceit laugh healthy re read letter master wisdom lines exasperated chilled depressed saw fool deprived objects intellect emotion proceed felt reconciled fate student disturb calm hopeless relations sue soul met lost marriage returned cruel persistency till unable bear longer rushed distraction real sought obscure low ceiled tavern court known worthies place brighter times interested simply quaintness sat convinced bottom vicious character hopeless expect evening house dropped jude retaining seat corner money spent eaten biscuit surveyed gathering companions equanimity philosophy drinking slowly friends wit tinker taylor decayed church appeared religious turn earlier blasphemous red nosed gothic masons called uncle jim uncle joe
jude wondered left handkerchief miserably wished tell love moment bring express stay silent lodging fearing tempted drown misery alcohol upstairs changed dark clothes white thin boots thick proceeded customary afternoon cathedral hear voice possessed idea possibly home fancied feeling grew stirred moment clock struck working hours threw tools rushed homeward asked claim downstairs sitting room till twelve clock night sat evening clock struck eleven family retired shake feeling sleep room adjoining slept previous days actions unpredictable gladly compounded denial sweetheart wife live fellow lodger friend distant terms
morrow half past journeying occupants compartment class railway carriage jude hasty toilet catch train arabella looked frowsy face possessing animation characterized bar night station found half hour spare due bar walked silence town direction jude looked highway ah poor feeble murmured road ago full plans road think nearly bar eleven clock shan ask aunt part sooner walk chief street conclusion getting morning wished tell left things wouldn promise secret tell promise honest woman wish began telling night gentleman managed sydney hotel
peculiarity modern appeared owe site resting place headquarters proprietors wandering vans shows shooting galleries itinerant concerns business lay largely fairs markets strange wild birds seen assembled lofty promontory meditatively pausing longer flights return course thither cliff town stood silence yellow green caravans bearing names local surprised change landscape violent hinder progress remained winter till turned seek tracks spring whimsical spot jude ascended nearest station clock afternoon entering summit peak climb passed houses aerial town drew schoolhouse hour early pupils school humming small swarm gnats withdrew steps abbey walk regarded spot fate home loved front schools extensive stone built grew enormous beeches smooth mouse coloured trunks trees grow chalk uplands windows black brown flaxen crowns scholars sills pass walked level terrace abbey gardens spread heart throbbing spite
doubts disposed quickly passing series dreary months incidents events chapter coming sunday february sue jude living precisely relations established left join proceedings law courts reached consciousness distant sound occasional understood met usual breakfast house jude fifteen pounds pounds ten extra rates taxes furnished aunt ancient lumbering goods cost full bring sue house managed entered room morning sue held letter received kissing decree case versus pronounced months ago absolute ah jude sat concluding incident jude suit arabella occurred month earlier cases insignificant reported papers list undefended cases sue rate
sue reached home jude awaiting door initial step marriage clasped arm silently true comrades saw preoccupied forbore question jude talking wish reminded things hope civil yes help liking bit ungenerous nature glad difficulties suddenly ended explained arabella summoned enabled retrieve position referring question arabella saying feel hopelessly vulgar institution legal marriage sort trap catch bear think wish promised let put banns morning don mind thought quickly don feel anxious anxious virtues possessed family mine dear think set staunchness bit frightened losing mine fact easier mind conscience clear richard freedom
attempt thereat deliberately begun morning singular child arrival home found habit sitting silent quaint weird face set eyes resting things substantial face tragic mask melpomene sue dear tell father called nickname look aged say talk sue tenderly strange jude preternaturally boys countries christened died damnation save expense christian funeral jude father disappointment boy shook head course sue quickly hating christened jude privately sue married advent child disturbed position lent shyness impression marriage superintendent office private ecclesiastical decided avoid church sue jude office district give notice companions importance company
place door jude lodging outskirts precincts st silas lived saddened sickness rain coming woman shabby black stood doorstep talking jude held door hand lonely destitute houseless father turned doors borrowing penny put business accusing laziness waiting situation mercy help jude workhouse worse undergraduates winked tis hard woman virtuous young woman rain spoke arabella evening sue re marriage sorry lodgings jude coldly turn give food lodging days kindness endure going public house lodge lonely jude times sake jude hastily don want reminded things talk help suppose arabella
platform stood arabella looked asked jude literally tottering cold lassitude march home water ran compelled lean wall support coughing young don course meant commit suicide certainly blest kill woman listen arabella think stronger physical sense push send letter resent conduct weak think mind confined room inflammation lungs fellow wishes left woman die neatly accomplish wishes stroke taking journey rain seen finished put end feverish begun lord talk lofty won warm drink thank let home silent colleges jude stopping
pages chronicler lives ask reader attention concerned scene jude bedroom leafy summer round face thin friends known afternoon arabella looking glass curling hair operation performed heating umbrella stay flame candle lighted flowing lock finished practised dimple put things cast eyes round jude sleeping position elevated malady preventing lying arabella hatted gloved ready sat waited expecting place nurse sounds revealed town festivity festival seen bells began ring notes room open window travelled round jude head hum restless father looked jude critically gauged ebbing times late months glancing watch hung timepiece rose impatiently slept coming resolution slipped room closed door noiselessly descended stairs
thrust hard narrow seat coach slewed muddy road london katharine leslie found hard believe nightmare real surely opened eyes eyes open stared gray gown modest unobtrusive uniform governess seeing folds dirtied hem streaked grime lifted eyes english countryside stretching bleak damp beneath dripping sky february tree hedge frozen field stood cold reality putting face coach window feel wind probe beneath casing drove rain icy splinters glass feel lurch coach iron bound ankles agony real dream nightmare threatening tumbling fantasies alive genuine guard tipsy blasphemous swaying seat regaling driver stories charon guiding hades coach boat lower deep recesses earth harbor cold reflected shiver chill county jail shelter past weeks yielded warmth fire green twigs coach offered fitful comfort breath sharp throat thought destination
rode unhappy silence katharine feel outrage aware roused circumstances warm gratitude welled righteously wrathful account poignant experience striving break constraint ventured topic conversation birth sir inquired courteously observe amenities polite conversation turned flicker laughter eyes brought ma born england sure parents died young grew ward uncle america anger lines face softened caress memory home province maine part colony massachusetts grew small town called falmouth hundred miles northeast boston won heard heard boston certainly retorted quickly place rebels threw king tea water yes bless hearts giving king interest laugh pure delight turned amazed eyes met glance ah shock gently mocking loyal subject chains
small lodge prison entrance newcomers received formalities ward quickly completed entrance fee sum shillings sixpence demanded katharine reluctantly paid coins grasping hands secured keeping silver handled scissors sewing kit gold thimble led foot stone staircase surprise assisted stairs gallantry obliterated coarse fondling hair rainin thick fingers entangled curls whispered shrinking ye stealing shrugged transferred hand shoulder capes riding cloak doctor appraising touch expert ye pay cloak nodded want reached floor stench sweat dampness gin mixed oily smudge rose wall burners sickening beneath flaring wall torch katharine stumbled halt feel faint faltered ye allowed moment lean stone wall dripping dampness penetrated thick folds cloak hand closed arm room entered anvil set
june highwayman jack winston memory minds londoners gallant figure ridden death gentleman courage grace women ward hero women brothers husbands lovers known dashing thief shared daring exploits stories repeated loot left fabulous jewels hidden hollow oak gold silver buried beneath marked stones country churchyard moonlit nights ghost ride black mare road tales told romantic tragic figures katharine knew mourned thief reckless ways wasted order discipline legacy plot plan words beat memory alert change aware innovation watched waited timing goings observing habits keepers searching weak link chain routine encircled doors wards opened morning closed night vendors roamed prison freely hours gates prison close escape easiest evening hours card playing riotous guests numerous fail
katharine anticipated loneliness moment awoke morning sight empty cot sleep claimed interminable night longed mary child trying dull persistent ache determined rejoice change fortune tried imagine friends surroundings mary cloak billy cape sunshine sea air picture knew distorted rare ship captain concerned prisoners alive end voyage visions sunlight sea conjured emphasized miserable surroundings women remaining ward inmates standing katharine found hard join small cliques wanted noisy card games constant wrangling preferred solitude increased fervor tried concentrate means freeing wretched place women boarded transports money jingled ward pennies extorted wretches assigned sail pride necessity forced purchase thrifty neighbor rags cover nakedness early july evening rounds cry toss buy win em enticing women gamble
forcing steadiness katharine moved prison yard feet hasty slow cap pulled brow tray tucked arm rain ceased cobbles glistened puddles soaked quickly shoes moist rancid air heavy odors peculiar narrow lanes heart london stale dead atmosphere prison breath joy looking dome st paul ball cross glimmer gold evening sky clock cathedral struck half hour tones shimmering rooftops need clock guide twilight easy find prison increased pace warwick lane safely hurry remark warm july night corner eye saw crippled dip mixture egg white lampblack apply vigorously gentleman boots lane woman took stick mongrel foraging doorway sending sliding yelping cobbles sniff katharine heels persistent constable girl thought rising panic minutes hours regained consciousness sound alarm dead
restlessly rubbed window snow mourned katharine build snow sledding sit child try fret lord weather grandmother chided unusually mild snow soon news cheer edmund winter held hand letter michael spun window read father read begged swooped gather leggy black kitten curling round katharine skirts carry sofa father put spectacles perused letter moment gave laugh michael writing atrocious readily rest sounds mad ideas whig largely boston port bill injustice inhabitants voice hardened moment lot young cousin learn removed spectacles looked message captain pagan ships yesterday weeks london michael sails plans aboard charlotte mid december end january sighed wish heaven miracle charlotte gotten earlier reached falmouth december fight hands trying unload arrive
yes answered warmly kind cousin especially edmund generous sore pressed stress events moving closer lowered voice wish mention earlier happy learn seriously harmed fall knock senseless minutes thank god murmured gratefully feared killed looking face searched anxious eyes questioned course known prison recalled visitor inclined blame gypsy woman instant nightmare lived mind vivid terrifying katharine shuddered put steadying hand firmly coat pocket drew scrap paper week sailed bell group friends party noisy fear seeing colleague practice maids overheard later drew annie moore seaman west indies brought message recalling mary friend worked tavern katharine felt heart tighten took paper unsteady hand carefully smoothed wrinkles words formed large letters splotched ink
sunday recovered usual accompanied family church exception tories falmouth worshipped st paul middle street pleasant weather winter family walked short distance morning cold blustery threat snow coachman sam boy driver seat sleigh carried mrs winter katharine edmund michael walked katharine found seated winter pew michael pupil fidgeted impatient service today sermon interminable length katharine reflected sigh reverend seemingly inspired place servants church sam foot warmers lady feet coals gradually burned wriggle toes katharine warm suddenly sneezed teacher cast anxious look scent madame cavendish pupil whispered sending dark glance stylish young widow seated pew directly front tickles nose teacher nodded put admonishing finger minutes arrival dunmore wife guest swept dunmore pew head foot cavendish swathed black somber hue diminish flash hazel eye flame auburn hair
fascinated watched mrs cavendish leaned michael spoke husky tone caress la sir slender fingers tapped sleeve slightly green eyes laughed fancy believe word flattery quickly girl looked feeling witness scene meant shared meeting captain stuart eyes summoned smile grateful attention aware miss leslie bear famous names asked lightly inviting discussion aware sir distinguished certainly answered courteously kings queens bear witness laughed lifting wine glass regarded humorously rim certainly true times past ancestors known number ways conceded easy smile recently leslie gained notoriety katharine felt prick fear compelled common politeness respond mine sir stammered sipped wine put glass escaped summer governess believe stealing eyes gold scarlet uniform blurred iridescent colors katharine blinked struggled focus clearly instant saw plainly smiling easy utterly unconscious terror casual words raised coming blow dulls vision slows heart heavy painful strokes
sudden pounding door knocker brought michael feet cousin look rome open door master shouted ushered room moment later looked sober katharine saw relief mrs winter acknowledged bows nods edmund wasted words enoch serve asked addressing older requested board war charge town government summon edmund winter town house replied formally reason answer charges tory edmund drew tory loyal majesty government turned cousin michael things want thank edmund room fell taut stillness slackened log fire crackled candlelight mrs winter face gray lips drawn tight katharine suddenly woman girl seethed renewed outrage dare rebel leaders inflict terrible anxiety longing comfort quietly let cup tea ma wine thank katharine believe michael give arm room
days falmouth existed control unruly militia wearied exertions soldiers homes immediately captain captain mast ship weighed anchor town breathed freely katharine seriously concerned family future mrs winter imperious demands held warm affection edmund respect deeply integrity courage loved tory families sought refuge york loyalist stronghold certainly falmouth longer place edmund winter aristocratic merchant slowly frozen icy stares encountered street embargo goods cheeses holland silks france domestic flour commodity demand telling effect impossible find buyers incoming cargoes british manufacture equally difficult procure lumber dried fish exported merchants bluntly refused business afraid seen company branded hateful tory uncertainty effect girl thought unhappily sat late rustic bench beneath apple blossoms orchard
morning october falmouth maine dawned clear calm chamber window katharine looked rooftops harbor cat warships rode quietly anchor wind stirred sea house wrinkled leaves oak hung limp air sea quiet town fully alive motley parade animals human species contemptuous term crawled street striving anxiously escape country range ships guns watched patched homespun shirt breeches goad ox team wife children balanced precariously amid feather beds chairs copper kettles fire tongs fur robes barrels apples miscellany load atop pile clothing orange cat huddled collie ran alongside tail wagon small girl nestled brown hen crook arm clutching bonnet precious worn apparently wagon lurched hole half dozen cabbages tumbled ditch bumping potatoes pumpkins scattered earlier drivers small boys leapt load retrieve cabbages stumbled moving wagon flinging close sister dust danced golden flecks reflecting rays early sun minutes later katharine interrupted breakfast ben
boat minutes seamen took charge marine captain firm hand helped katharine dry barge michael joined looked deck warship officer leaned side grateful doctor recognized voice lieutenant clyde aboard sir thank question captain stuart sustain wound michael voice answer coolly restrained katharine clenched hands regrettably action ships guns replied pointedly stifled gasp plainly challenge choose interpret ah smoothly night doctor barge swept smartly shore burden walk took minutes shivering chilled katharine michael blind exhaustion clinging arm voice vestige emotion drained looked awful moment believe eyes house edmund winter twisted ruin sagging walls smouldering beams flames licked charred window frame fallen wallboard tongues fire desultory sated feast michael voice harsh bitter wood burns fast curtly
afternoon dressed carefully longing beautiful michael eyes rose gown edmund gift chose black wool dress ruffles white lace throat wrists surely practical warmth stormy october weather meet physician approval faint odor smoke hair noticed distaste piled black locks high tying ruby ribbon town smelled smoke charred wood rain days intensified ugly odor supper learned full extent damage town hundred thirty homes demolished flames handsome courthouse st paul church townhouse customhouse burned ashes barns shops stores warehouses wharf short caught fire vessel harbor british destroyed owe present comfort entirely doctor deborah bradley confided katharine dwellings left families sleeping barns find think distress winter coming thankful reuben clough town wounded ben boasted killed marines
christmas eve jim dear gave wife darling present darling opened present carefully popped puppy lovely puppy darling let call lady bedtime jim tucked lady cozy basket bed jim lady didn want bed lonely small puppy climbed big stairs found place sleep foot jim bed lady grew bigger important things house morning lady woke jim lady brought jim slippers lady barked morning birds butterflies learned pick newspaper carry house soon lady friends dogs neighborhood sad faced bloodhound called trusty sturdy scottie called jock jock showed lady store hidden bones played jim home whistled lady ran greet jim pat say dog dinner lady curled fire darling knitting tiny clothes darling soon baby lady happy stormy night doctor house night baby born morning lady peeked bedroom meet baby darling don wake
jim told lady going days aunt sara coming help help lady babysitter darling smile jim darling hurry drove soon aunt sara arrived aunt sara looked mean lady hid door ran upstairs guard baby baby smiled happily lady aunt sara angry swung broom lady knocked table lady ran bad dog aunt sara yelled stay poor lady called bad dog crept ears drooping lady walked walked mean dogs barked lady ran ran ran railroad yard finally lady flopped fell asleep early train pulled railroad yard jumped big strong dog tramp tramp traveled place place took care tramp stretched felt place caught sight lady lady afraid remembered rough looking dogs chased tramp looked friendly lady liked face arf arf barked tramp happily liked lady walked lady trusted tramp soon chicken farm tramp eyes lit
noise tramp chickens suddenly dog pound tramp ran lady wasn quick grabbed threw wagon lady tramp disappeared trapped rolling cage strange dogs dogs friendly liked pretty lady told lady safe dog tag collar sure dog pound took lady home aunt sara pleased lady put big chain lady collar stay shouted lady couldn sleep night heard rustle leaves rat heading straight house lady wanted run rat chain tramp heard lady bark running looking lady chain snapped lady tramp ran house rat stairs found armchair baby room tramp knew exactly tramp tired fight rat suddenly aunt sara ran room chased tramp closet whacked broom jim darling arrived taxi thank goodness aunt sara found big mutt baby room dog wasn help pointed lady
speaking recent lawsuit conversation turned story tell story affirmed true party intimate friends passed pleasant evening drawing close family residence rue de aged marquis de la tour samuel bowed weight eighty winters rose leaning mantelpiece trembling tones strange strange haunting memory fifty incident occurred month passed seen dream impression fear left mind ten minutes experienced horrible fright sort constant terror tremble unexpected noises objects half seen gloom night inspire mad desire flight short afraid dark ah avowed reached present age say receded real danger eighty age feel compelled brave imaginary danger affair upset completely caused lasting mysterious uneasiness spoke tell exactly happened attempt explanation
story war rikki fought single handed bathrooms big bungalow helped muskrat comes middle floor creeps round wall gave advice rikki real fighting mongoose cat fur tail weasel head habits eyes end restless nose pink scratch pleased leg front chose fluff tail till looked bottle brush war cry scuttled grass high summer flood washed burrow lived father mother carried kicking clucking roadside ditch found wisp grass floating clung till lost senses revived lying hot sun middle garden path small boy saying dead mongoose let funeral mother let dry dead took house big picked finger thumb dead half choked wrapped cotton wool warmed opened eyes sneezed
house stood listening lights glowed cheerful room books neat orderly cases radio talked importantly front bay stretched dark silent countless lagoons border coast florida thrusts green thumb deep tropics late september night breathless summer dead hand lay heavy land moved forward paces stood dropped cigarette noted tiny spark hissed tide beginning ebb blackness jumped fell sullen splash heavy roe jumping hook practiced eye swirls glassy water dark moon skilled cast net half dozen hour big makes meal family turned abruptly garage cast net hung late twenties wide shouldered strong fish living food worked head hands liked casting night liked loneliness labor liked clean taste salt gripped edge net teeth cast
benjamin kish son saul choice young goodly children israel person shoulders upward higher asses kish saul father lost kish saul son servants thee arise seek asses passed mount ephraim passed land found passed land passed land found land saul servant let return father leave caring asses thought behold city god honorable saith cometh surely pass let thither peradventure show lord told samuel ear saul saying tomorrow send thee land benjamin thou shalt captain israel save hand philistines looked cry
denis school heart country miles gave teachers initial advantage boy railway station track fellows denis knew town ten miles intending join british army fools thing hotel caught bed middle night brought reported flogged knees front picture crucifixion hall able find truth denis thought inspired legend fellows actually boat england heard days escapes easier telescope mounted tower took turns watching fellows trying understand course fellows rough sons small farmers smoked gambled took drink chance mother wasn school small allowance father father living
august al wandering penny spend saw small hammer toy real hammer possessed longing believed needed break monotony gathered firstclass nails foley packing house worked carelessly dropped fifteen cents worth gladly trouble gathering nail wasted nails half pound hundred paper bag apple box junk home ten cent hammer believed box wood nails idea sort table small bench rate took hammer slipped pocket overalls took firmly arm word pushed store small office older seated desk office working papers younger captured excited forehead covered sweat
ready ready soon scientists happen today look look children pressed roses weeds intermixed peering look hidden sun rained raining thousands thousands days compounded filled end rain drum gush water sweet crystal fall showers concussion storms heavy tidal waves islands thousand forests crushed rain grown thousand times crushed forever planet venus schoolroom children rocket women raining set civilization live lives stopping stopping yes yes margot stood children remember wasn rain rain rain ago sun hour showed face stunned recall night heard stir remembrance knew dreaming remembering gold yellow crayon coin large buy knew thought remembered warmness blushing face body arms legs trembling hands
today nice breeze sun shining bright sky blue clear moon big round moon white shaped slice cantaloupe running sun running sun sun high head touch head shadow feet wind times square business practicing month yesterday hour missed watches say word left told going front help guys soon sight jumped road ran hill trees grass soft wet hear birds singing clearing big rocks mile highway sat thinking mother glad sitting sun relaxing thinking mother feel walked highway bus comes
dr strauss says shud rite think thing dont says hope miss kinnian says maybe smart want smart charlie gordon rite close today test today think faled think maybe wont nice young room white cards ink spilled charlie card tho foot kid faled tests school spilled ink told saw inkblot yes feel thot charlie dont remember wantid say ink dint ink picturs pepul saw picturs couldn picturs reely tryed held card close ware movies tv hall
palace sun radiant place shone gold gleamed ivory sparkled jewels flashed glowed glittered high noon shadowy twilight dimmed brightness darkness night unknown mortals endured unchanging brilliancy light found thither youth mortal mother side dared approach pause clear dazzled eyes errand brought urgent purpose held fast pressed palace burnished doors throne room surrounded blinding blazing splendor sun god sat lad forced halt bear escapes eyes sun saw boy instantly looked kindly brought asked answered boldly find father mother boys school laugh tell son believe told mother ask smiling sun took crown burning light lad look distress phaethon son clymene told truth expect doubt word
king priam walls troy scaean gate saw driven rout spears greeks called gatekeepers bidding fling wide gates fleeing trojans win safety scaean gate trojans poured greeks coming plain fear gave speed trojans lived cross river passed safely gates save hector stood gateway watching oncoming greeks wondering save live fight stay face achilles priam saw achilles drew god armor shining afternoon sun fear king called hector son beg walls stay meet achilles slain troy sons lost pitiless spear today young seen return dearest eldest son king place let mourn death son single hector looked heart filled pity shook head set heavy shield wall remained gates
son going donkey market walking side countryman passed fools donkey ride put boy donkey soon passed group lazy youngster lets father walk rides ordered boy passed women shame lazy lout let poor son trudge didn took boy donkey town passersby began jeer point stopped asked scoffing ashamed overloading poor donkey hulking son boy tried think thought thought till cut pole tied donkey feet raised pole donkey shoulders amid laughter met till market bridge donkey getting feet loose kicked caused boy drop end pole
greek sixth century information known verified slave dwarf existed regardless known author fables represent centuries wisdom entertainment graduation fisk university nashville tennessee samuel allen study harvard university law school massachusetts paris taught texas university works washington allen published poetry paul vesey born vaudeville parents steve allen spent youth succession aunts strangers attended eighteen schools age thirty considered writer wrote songs week bet play instrument writes poetry songs novels short stories nonfiction known television comedian thought science fiction writer thought biochemist thought science fiction writer don think current craze history isaac holds ph chemistry columbia university york city written books science general reader books history young adults
admirer edith hamilton citizen worlds ancient modern studied latin greek child indiana starting julius caesar account military campaigns interested ancient civilization finishing college young scholar classics center university munich germany woman admitted sit class taking notes desk teacher school principal edith hamilton publish book greek sixty birthday recognition studies ancient honorary citizen athens student teacher michigan born robert hayden taught university michigan later joined faculty fisk university nashville tennessee professor volumes poetry published won honors earned prize festival negro arts dakar senegal book entitled ballad remembrance recipient ford foundation fellowship travel writing mexico born oak park illinois son doctor hemingway spent twenties living paris inspired numerous imitators rest continue imitated american writers
artist revolutionized italian painting striking sense light strong feeling personalities subjects caravaggio portrayed violent dramatic moments biblical history models paintings ordinary streets saintly looking figures pictured earlier religious paintings lantern hung side studio caravaggio able cast light parts composition throwing rest dark shadows lighting effect paintings exciting seen streets buildings giorgio de painted early twentieth century italian artist known eerie architecture mysterious empty streets born greece italian parents de studied munich academy settling paris lives paris important german romantic painter known predominantly landscape paintings family encouraged artistic career easy study took copenhagen returned germany member berlin academy married assistant professor dresden academy friedrich works remained similar composition technique combined reality paintings romantic tendency poetic interested atmospheric effect paintings clearly interested effects light seasons demonstrated paintings
ago china lived aging peasant couple names small humble cottage tiny garden poor rice fish vegetables live charcoal cooking warm winter pig chickens want needs simple wish fine clothes possessions happy thing denied child longed prayed gods bless child prayers answered continued faithfully visit temple gods pleased simple faith night wife strange dream strange woke husband tell husband husband shook awake matter strange dream wonderful dream big drum heaven poor hut strange dream mean wait strangest thing tight skin drum began swell swell finally opened drum asked baby baby boy silent moment looked omen
falling rain heard stranger voice calling looked tree house foot tree stood horse rain soaked saw raised voice proclaimed solemn manner messenger august majesty emperor sound drum emperor commands heard miraculous sounds magic drum palace heard marvelous drumming curious drum produces heavenly sounds curious gifted fingers able extract perfect music drum wish palace peking wish speak wish hear music drum sound finer greatest drums celestial court command presence performance drummer order august majesty emperor messenger concluded completely absorbed delivering message failed observe flee tree house carrying precious drum wrapped sky blue cloth started run forest messenger saw quickly overtook reached drum held arms moment darkened sky broken flash lightning wind rose wild roar flock birds swooped messenger
reached peking fed bathed clean clothes put led presence emperor emperor sat golden throne eyes saw emperor magnificent throne beautiful drum golden stand heard emperor command father play drum beg humble pardon surely power try replied emperor trying let impatient felt beat comes fault sound love help spirit walked faltering steps platform drum standing mounted platform approached drum beauty dazzled eyes yes surely drum wife seen dream exactly hesitant touch divine drum put hand touch drum emperor commanded raised hand spirit beloved son help struck drum trembling fingers surprise beautiful sound answered touch emperor court heard listened breathlessly
danny haven heard course eleven heard dad matt catcher chicago white sox catcher american league lot ask big league catcher father tell ball games free sit dugout pretty balls want white sox balls oakland ball brewer ball yankee ball baltimore oriole ball dad says ball team major leagues reason guess re fan dad kind end career play regular anymore bull pen told privately figures hope hope hope dad play forever going games watching tv hope season feeling move mom live folks divorced mom remarried
outs harmon danny re beating arm hurt don want hurting thinking game season maybe arm wasn ready cool cold weather tough pitching arm wasn arm sid knew throwing hard thrown arm ok coach harmon looked eyes suspected wasn telling pitched practice games total hits dan don sid look sid hunched shoulders going harmon sudden don think danny coming leo stuck cents kicking high harmon frowned asked sid advice getting leo cooks dan relax chuck let hit fielding team league rhythm don force ball play catch sid ok ok play home ground ball play leo play
want feeling ball players want forget defeats fast slowly relive victories home grabbed pop refrigerator mom smiled remember re dinner sure cool pop ball game dad couple cans beer victory lost didn want wouldn want talk won dad pop beer stretch legs game popped pop turned tv stretched legs kind show tv sort watch let mind run hard sit relive game easier watch tv tube annoyed comedy big fat happy families growing farm illinois lots brothers sisters getting scrapes lot laughter canned laughter sound track didn laughter switched channels caught movie hundred girls kicking legs air big band stars twinkling watch
wanted give tryout couldn say couldn making team anyway real tryout tough tryout kind tryout ed threatened give gave ok practice thirty sampson park pete warren smiling ask bottom stairs sue want tell tomorrow sitting top steps listening crying bed kind snoop didn look fussed chewing bubble gum hands pockets jeans don give hoot look face susie point introducing boys meeting tomorrow misunderstanding thought league president davis put team clear wanted team tomorrow practice tryout ok ok face expression didn look looked dad chewing gum character thought flicker smile crossed warren face
paused watch susie warren throw ball threw ok boy body hips overhand ok big surprise story started fielding hitting running warming ten minutes harmon called stop boys let hesitated susie guess include say boys ok nodded let tryout business position susie base bye bye leo harmon funny remarks young lady look pete short ed george joe play center field case balls sid case asked harmon sid catch ok let going kids kids afraid ask leave kids quit playing ago standing openmouthed watching ran sat grass watched harmon picked bat looked infield base susie warren kicked dirt spat glove leaned forward
home felt dumb thing sure wanted play ball thing wanted mom set dad returned finished baseball season mom set dad warren going games susie play mom wouldn wasn playing look injured switch teams problem sick stay season lots guys injured lost season didn hurt bob gibson st louis cardinal pitcher kid sick lot bed didn hurt majors injured important thing mom warren wouldn excuse feel bit home mom wasn wasn ready tell naturally kitchen meat thawing counter mean going opened freezer hamburger meat pork chops frozen juice vegetables
guys making big thing tell glad kind nudged gloves pete winked leo swatted head joe tuttle stopped front look familiar fella laughed guys wasn hard thought harmon greeted lou move susie squeezed going re thinking pitch innings wasn working hard harder going say harmon thing didn hard dad say pitches arm think head willing harmon play heck losing point re inning top faces saw nope fell bench heard quit hey danny harmon say chucking hard re pitching tight low balls sid lineup hits hold em re
hey gonzalez bench shouted don turn girl playing real cute pete girl reilly pretty play catcher nice form pete pete jeers took warmup tosses susie warren heard shouts didn show took throw sid tossed ball leo infield ball hey pete find dancing school guys playing girls pete looked took sign sid pete pitcher ball player throwing arm mound fielder pitching extra infielder fielding talent wasn inning harts threw straight balls batter hey bring girl hey girl going going slide susie warren shouted encouragement pete pete kicked dirt annoyed pitcher control stretch position runner close couldn find plate home pitches target meant balls row harmon frowned harts bench shifted high gear pitcher going hey gonzalez don let girl shake
story ends end ball game harmon emotional shook hand shook hands harts kidded shook hands susie didn want coach harmon stunt girl pulled girl harmon asked mean baseman harmon sat told proud ball club tight team strong team played susie warren going backup infielder hurt start want advice harmon added solemnly infielders hurt laughed infielders sure thought funny danny harmon left gave scare calling practice saturday morning big game monday wilson furniture practice winners practice dairy queens voice bench herb warren mom looking wondered buy harmon mrs think forgotten sid hit home run today hit home run today sid warren mcdonald asked
north part arizona mexico homeland america largest tribe navaho clear foothills colorado utah neatly nesting beneath wet skies utes neighbors apaches navaho dine home monument valley utah wake singing bird dawn unlike golden wings darker sunlight hear feathers softly shoring space eagle beats rudely ten country turns velvet green beauty spring matches age run arms legs going breathing air knowing air feel toy thing dream find magic playing shadows bird endless forms maybe leafless tree things morning arrow live grandmother stay makes happy today water buckets waterhole hill tree bent backward feel sand surfacing ground plays modestly times gather palm throw mid air watch bounce front face laugh loud
summer grandmother sat loom fingers hidden eyes herded sheep sandy path looking coyotes wild dogs mosi cat spent herd played marbles allowing free rubbing busy afternoons returned seeing sheep goat grandmother finished rug beautiful colors rainbow sell rug trading post tomorrow friends places yes white laughed tomorrow white friend seen grandmother lived strange look strange eyes morning arrow walk proud door open knowledge pulled shawl gently head figure magnificent humility trading post twenty miles mountains arizona foot divided road forks road wagon paths twisted trees road told grandmother road
eyes shut light stood facing stone house crying hunger disappointment rich climb elephant foot believes ram shouted trader mine looked ram rode named eyed western boots bowed meekly grandmother brave sonny grandmother living blind eyes live dine getting late thought brave idea ram rushed stone house smiling huh asked trader pay ram nice fat wool young studied face beamed bit leaned glass case chief trader took shawl okay shawl ram pen ly tin say fast pendleton pendleton rubbed hands beautiful turquoise pendleton smelled freshness going home asked walk walked shoulders held high nose sky sudden dream imagine grandmother tucking shawl wrap love clothing
bones lay abundance surface cave choukoutien peking china bones saber toothed tigers mammoths huge creatures rich store attracted scientists countries searched clues earth hundreds thousands ago kind bone turned belonging creature scientists discovered choukoutien careful study canadian scientist concluded find human tooth ten period diggers choukoutien unearthed fourteen human skulls number lower jaws hundred teeth arm leg bones named remains peking peking bones suggest humans earth longer realized island java east indies dutch scientist discovered ancient remains named java named peking java accurate refer peking java women played active role prehistoric times later anthropologists working tanzania africa discovered remains creatures lived earlier peking java findings evaluated choukoutien lived ago detective pieced story bones kinds appeared levels lowest oldest beginning feet surface
nile begins deep tropical africa flows northward miles reaches egypt continues miles emptying mediterranean sea egypt climate warm dry land nile river brought precious gifts recent times flow nile egypt regulated dams huge aswan dam summer thousands heavy rains melting snows mountains nile source washed soil upper river swollen nile rose flooded banks egypt flood reached height september spread miles side slowly waters drained leaving layer soil soil filled large bay mouth river region mouth nile called delta shaped greek letter delta groups farmers settled nile egypt learned plan follow rise fall river flood waters receded planted seed muddy soil months crops grew harvested river returned flood fields worked tasks land ready planted precious gifts nile fertile soil water egyptians prospered grew numbers
india vast subcontinent occupied today countries largest known republic india india called subcontinent large land area separated rest asia mountains seas map india projects southward rest asia huge triangle pointing indian ocean bounded east bay bengal west arabian sea north tower himalayas highest mountains northwest openings himalayan wall large river systems played important parts indian history indus ganges form wide corridors northwestern himalayas running south arabian sea southeast upper india bay bengal desert barren lands separate plain indus rest india hills low mountains stretch southward wide plain ganges deccan plateau deccan huge plateau center indian peninsula side plateau hills fall coastal plains india lies northern tropic zones climates vary region region range cold fog himalayan mountains sticky heat coastal regions northwestern river plains summer temperatures cool winds winter south hot warm round
amenhotep iv reigned pharaoh egypt attempted set sun god egyptian deity soon died belief god died egypt known hebrews israelites finally jews gave idea belief god occupy large expanse land middle east numerous ancient times influence history immense mesopotamia home hebrews nomadic herders gradually migrated southwestward crossroads middle east today known israel migration took place twentieth century according bible led abraham book genesis tells abraham story terah took son abraham grandson lot daughter law abraham wife set ur chaldees land canaan reached settled city lay branch euphrates river later according bible lord abraham leave country kinsmen father house country show nation bless blessings
scholar philip history arabs writes empire arabs built culture heirs ancient civilization flourished banks tigris euphrates land nile eastern shore mediterranean likewise absorbed assimilated main features roman cultures subsequently acted medium transmitting medieval europe intellectual influences ultimately resulted awakening western setting road modern renaissance center islamic civilization court caliph caliph moved capital islamic empire damascus community baghdad baghdad built banks tigris ruins persian capital baghdad magnificent city city thousand nights tales told splendid reign caliph harun al held power baghdad caliph lived palace rooms court dinner served dishes gold silver ceremonies marriage celebrated pomp extravagance caliph al married daughter chief adviser wedding thousand large sized pearls showered couple sat mat golden threads decorated pearls sapphires
japanese poem water draw bucket noticed tendrils lovely plant twined rope nature showing face thought disturb plant drew water neighbor close relationship japanese nature important feature culture land marked moods nature respectful moods sense presence nature park nara deer roam freely centuries cedar trees special beauty small japanese garden boat inland sea fishermen thank waters tasty catch fish month april thousands japanese families visit flowering cherry trees celebrate coming spring generation japanese deeply appreciated wonder power nature nature especially important japanese distinctive geographic features country japan consists string islands north pacific islands volcanic origin extend arc miles northeastern coast asian mainland map page distance compares length coastal stretch portland maine daytona beach florida principal islands hokkaido honshu shikoku kyushu hundreds japanese islets scattered
late tenth century magyars vikings longer threat europe peaceful conditions safer travel population increased europeans raised crops ate food lived longer peasants left manors settle towns found opportunities ahead growing numbers needed goods wanted products meet demands merchants developed trade networks europe middle east northern africa expansion trade growth towns begun crusades developments greatly stimulated military expeditions crusaders middle east europe crisscrossed network water land trade routes roman roads bridges repaired tolls paid local lords intervals highways fords ferries put operation travelers rest inns towns inns comfortable present standards merchants share large bed find food drink fodder horses protection robbers merchants traveled large groups crusade italian ports venice genoa pisa traded ports acre alexandria middle east european merchants exchanged wines tin money spices ivory incense cloth gold silks porcelain china pearls rubies india middle eastern ports
agreement historians renaissance began agree associate renaissance began fourteenth century lands fringe continent russia renaissance transition middle ages renaissance gradual medieval ways looking persisted later times major political economic social middle ages helped stimulate renaissance power rulers increased able travel greater safety europe women widely separate regions able meet exchange ideas settled conditions trading companies organized companies growing number able invest business enterprises share profits members bourgeoisie extended trading activities grew richer italian banking system expanded strengthen commercial investments money transactions lands cities towns grew growth business trade merchants manufacturers wanted attractive buildings personal dwellings civic activities cities beautiful works art desired part increased enjoyment artists paid create paintings works sculpture art lovers movable type europe greatly stimulated exchange ideas china korea movable type early eleventh century
europeans exploring colonizing distant parts struggle power raging europe contest reflected political economic rivalries nations europe religious tensions catholics protestants rising power ottoman empire result factors europeans involved foreign civil wars complex set alliances wars alliances effects lives living overseas colonies european nations muslim army ottoman turks captured constantinople brought end power byzantine empire page annexing lands byzantine empire ottoman turks moved steadily balkan peninsula belgrade capital serbia fell king hungary nobles killed battle turks early muslim states north africa recognized sultan ruler ottoman turks overlord nearly christian europe iberian peninsula vienna danube river threatened ambitions ottoman sultan ottoman empire reached high point sultan suleiman magnificent occupying budapest hungarian capital suleiman armies attacked vienna capital austria pushed hapsburgs ruled vienna forced recognize suleiman overlord hungary
latin america size united states independent countries areas special ties countries europe united states latin america includes spanish speaking country costa rica large portuguese speaking country brazil includes inland countries bolivia paraguay island countries cuba jamaica latin american countries population largely native american precise term word indian mestizos mixtures native americans whites largest single groups haiti blacks predominate dominican republic mulattoes mixtures blacks whites numerous flower girls cities women driving burros market farmers working fields factory workers hurrying jobs priests strolling quietly churches medical students universities latin americans individuals latin america varied mexico speak spanish live continent north america guatemala speak spanish live central america brazilians live south america speak portuguese speak language directly descended latin addition features cultures traced spain portugal france farther ancient rome known latin americans countries latin america shared important experiences
revolutionary forces europe liberals countries inspired france uprisings broke belgium poland austrian empire germany italy revolutions unsuccessful diplomats congress vienna joined belgium holland differences regions belgium holland differed religion language belgians principally roman catholic dutch chiefly protestants peoples clashed religious affairs speak language belgians spoke french flemish disturbed dutch official language government documents belgians proud past recalled fifteenth centuries antwerp center spoke admiration brilliant artists crafts workers similarly dutch proud history golden age seventeenth century pride group superiority history tension belgians felt receive equal treatment dutch government education military service economic belgians wanted nation nationalistic feelings belgium strong held check belgians revolted revolt successful nation belgium born poles revolted russian rulers dominated revolt crushed
british parliament blind evils accompanied factory system established parliamentary committees investigate conditions factories committees interviewed workers supervisors reports led members parliament reform representatives motivated practical political reasons obtained vote politician wished re elected pay increasing attention voters reasons laws passed improve living working conditions laws approved hard fight members parliament continued resist change factory act landmark labor legislation included prohibited employment children age silk mills limited children thirteen hours set maximum workday twelve hours ages thirteen eighteen factory inspectors enforce provisions equally important act pointed reform law passed limited women children ten hours factories significant labor laws passed later twentieth century legislation approved provided compensation injured worker pensions insurance unemployed sick industrial revolution stimulated education adults scotland england industrial engineers mechanics wished add education attend mechanics institutes
soviet point view de adverse effects satellite nations eastern europe creation open society soviet union encouraged nations try loosen bonds june polish revolt began demonstrations auto workers soon joined workers students peaceful demonstrations quickly turned bloody rioting killed demonstrators fought polish secret police security troops finally restored order result riots negotiations conducted summer polish communist party declared workers receive wage increase party major pro stalinist members forced office polish communist leaders gomulka exerted pressure soviet union greater polish independence october high soviet officers withdrawn poland soviet union promised greater poland internal affairs poland continued accept soviet leadership foreign affairs obtaining national existence months riots poland hungary rocked revolutionary storm october students demonstrated budapest demanding hungary greater independence soviet control demands included removal soviet troops hungarian soil withdrawal hungary warsaw pact free elections hungary workers demonstrators soon joined students clash students hungarian security police ended bloodshed rebels armed guns ammunition supplied workers munitions plants communist government hungary declared martial law issued call help soviet union
region known middle east generally consist egypt iran iraq israel jordan kuwait lebanon saudi arabia syria turkey united arab emirates yemen aden yemen sana oman qatar bahrain cyprus diversity peoples geography cultures ethnic groups languages million live middle east roughly percent rural areas practice religion islam religions include christianity judaism middle east twentieth century area problems low standards living rising populations hostility arab states israel nationalistic tensions countries inadequate water supply regions lack industrialization middle east area potentialities oil vital necessity lands geographic position strategically important cultures continued affect ways millions dispersal centuries ago jews continued believe reestablish homeland palestine declared homeland ancestors inhabited palestine ancient times need land jews assemble live persecution preserve culture jews middle east supported demands jewish faiths according zionist congress strive create jewish home palestine secured public law
live wondrous times surgeon hand severed boy arm computer financial statement hours require staff accountants hours complete machine translated russian english rate exceeding words minute laser light align bridges dams genetic code deciphered molecules dna revealing secrets advances pure science concerned discovering reasons events natural applied science concerned putting findings pure science practical twentieth century extraordinary impossible trained scientists understand wizard science fact exceeded wizard oz fantasy electronics science studies movements actions electrons flow tubes filled gasses vacuum tubes forms electrons negative charges electricity discovery rays german physicist wilhelm konrad roentgen earliest findings related field electronics later sir joseph thomson british physicist revealed electrons carry electrical current twentieth century electronics helped development radio television radar high fidelity phonographs tape recorders electronic computers electronic computer produced remember information fill page manhattan telephone book figure word chemical mathematical symbol information rate unerringly logical operations
night think husband coming gently mists tranquil morning comes wavering grey turns gold stirring sleepers awake softly departs early morning sunshine son daughter child clung mine longer child tempted desperation lured soil mine fears repining happy yesterday sure answer nodded hesitating impatient woman foibles need comfort comforted look hands fingers stubs clean sound sores pink puckered flesh limbs untouched kenny promise distance fine sight dim building son works kenny young large building spruce white money built hopes pity seen grow brick brick
child born months mine fine boy nearly took mother exchange ill husband fetch midwife leaving sweating girl saw half dazed pain cried want entreating dislike want midwife soon husband say leave took notice cries saw grew lay log murmur sweat forcing oily drops throat temples lying exhausted sleep baby home left nathan waiting crossly look corpse possessed stay blame midwife found blame son took tired voice edge
worry putting lines face say lines silent knew thinking brood eyes lay knowledge children morosely wished happen child fun nathan say worried knew talk chill fear ira child mother paid visit accompany temple pray pray deity imploring help giddy gods things attend pleas suppliant dares raise cares heaven rolled child daughter ira nearing mother afflicted consumption soon feeble rise bed midst pain think beckoned hand small stone symbol fertility wear bear sons dying pass assured illusion
morning calm rain stopped fury night unnatural stillness lay land saved vegetables shoots vines battered broken torn supports bruised show sign surviving corn field lost paddy field lay beneath placid lake children sailing bits wood neighbours fared worse homeless group sheltered tree storm began killed lightning hut completely destroyed final fury storm roof blown bodily mud walls crumbled stood worst god grace spared looked worn known seen deflated ask palm leaves thatch hut husband building point blackened tree head bitten hanging fibres withered stump thatch roof night rains need rice nathan nodded able buy palm leaves village rice granary corner small cloth bundle savings lay buried
eldest sons village start tannery brought home wages tannery boon began longer village growing town think money buys living town town fly sooner sweet quiet village noise crowds rude young hooligans idling street dirty bazaars uncouth behaviour thinks schemes money words words stupid words wonder call senseless peasant women earth breeding wrathfully values true shrugged delicate shoulders left spent lot making unnecessary journeys town looks provocative body sure admiration young women jealous began notice remark wonder husband
festival lights approached festival mainly children course takes part twisted cotton wicks soaked oil mud saucers ready lit night children handed annas apiece spent fireworks able previous contented watching fireworks going bonfire village felt qualms wasting money quickly spent pleasures rapturous faces overcame misgivings thought memory grew dark lit tapers wicks encircled dwelling light feathery breeze stirring setting flames leaping dancing reflections black glistening oil town houses nearby hundreds small beacons beginning flash rocket tear sky break pour riches precious jewels darkness night crackle spit exploding fireworks increased children bought boxes coloured matches strings worth crackers small nuts split loud bang amid shower sparks lit popular boys pranced round shrieking laughter throwing crackers nimble skip harm
soon rains cracks earth healed land moist ready took seed goddess feet receive blessing bore sowing weeks seed sprouted tender shoots appeared thrusting upwards increasing strength soon able transplant seedlings stood singly slender tremulous spires spaces grew grew soon merged thick green field rustling paddy field grain begun form lay future hope hope fear twin forces tugged direction stronger say spoke fear constant companion peasant hunger hand jog elbow relax despair ready engulf falter fear fear dark future fear sharpness hunger fear blackness death paddy ripened end dried fish stocks money left pie pay land dues left sell efforts vines vegetables withered weeks drought
nathan hut saw sitting paddy fields sleep boys asleep older side side squeezed close ira arm thrown shook shoulder woke began cry picked took left awake looked faces thought bitterly thought questioning looking faces read thoughts save alarm shrank vehemence shouted thing looked lost senses ira timidly belonged tell imagining loss stormed eaten stared silence amazed bawling attracted cries nathan called child frowning hear choke mouth feed ill saying
reaping threshing manage comes comes nathan gleam eye strength forthcoming fear looked doubtfully thin drawn thighs arms puny muscle showed flexed rice lifted plant plant grain separated husk husk beaten grains meant working hours flooded fields bent converting paddy rice task weakened bodies confidence find strength look swelling grain renew vigour hearts paddy ripen watched dog watches bone jealously snatched mother child pride affection fear sat stepping softly hot forlornly rest picked head paddy sitting saw fingers parting husk feeling grain longer question answer knew lived land birth weeks nathan reply grave sincere absolutely honest tempted easier words
town natural sacrificed outskirts passing seasons town crowds streets battened earth filth put walked care lie beneath feet threaten preoccupation forgot look sun stars observe changed setting sky knew passage save dry frenzy looking clock lived green quiet fields perilously close town nature gave muted message passing week month left sign clear unmistakable tender budding periwinkles jasmine soft scented blossom yielded place fierce flowering jacaranda gold ira giving birth daughter labour erected bamboo paling warn husband son custom room dwelling scoured hut poured wet dung brought pallet plaited straw ira lie gathered petals trees shaken took vivid basket layer layer gold red mauve purple
construction began hospital ceased belong preparations site bought cleared contractor engaged find material spent kenny discussed home elated morose dejected clear delays encountered irked spirit telling construction actually started bricks stacked high cement heaps spare spent site watching brick laid brick mortar flowed occasionally labourers let jealous crew hand building gave pleasure tedious pass building complete kenny possessed fierce enthusiasm think reckoned shorter maybe patient things hoped hospital completed granny die street lived street died sat torn gunny sack selling handfuls nuts berries growing progressively older ragged healthy
son servant married girl town worked seen family marriage birth parents house present proved power town hundred miles harvest poor earning money rail true bullock addition cows cart offered lend small sum nathan fit undertake journey nearing fifty longer healthy begun suffer rheumatism attacks fever recovered slowly emerged weaker middle sowing reaping tilling innumerable tasks land demanded stop straighten breathing hard trembling unable continue forced lie hut ira land mistress woman heavy needed strength times kenny bringing food medicine told bluntly husband getting eat
heard noise stone breakers reached quarry clink clank stone stone intermittent dull explosions drew din grew louder shout heard quarry hillside calm pleasant hill lesser hill bare rocky clumps prickly pear side hill land fell sharply vertically revealed actual quarry enormous irregular crater strewn boulders lined jagged rocks sides pitted holes varying size working quarry scattered hillside splitting boulders women children chipping fragments larger stones movement myriad arms rising falling hands flailing backs bending straightening relentless rhythm intervals observed red flag hoisted sort danger signal working vicinity immediately dispersed wait safe distance shrill whistle blew warning seen disregarded red flag seconds explosions heard approaching quarry sheet rock blasted gunpowder explained municipality send special ages sizes loss begin
counting annas days began count rupees rupees began show excitement worked stones kind earned single handed coin usual thrust ragged pouch covered manhood transferred money gave business told certainly pie lost walked jubilant coppery twilight edged black ashes dying embers thin drizzle falling fine dew ground beneath feet felt earth early morning longer street fancy home single twisting road led quarry soon split streets main leading bazaar took temple nathan tired buy rice cakes maybe rice cakes cheerfully winking boy give surprise small shop morning eager step vendor hailed customer bought sought largest rice cakes money lump
memories night hard bright diamond fires flash strange powers blue wrap gently glow green soothing oxen eyes night yellow red sear intensity happens call mists clouds cover sun fires extinguished remember word detail remember walking wet deserted street wall temple remember looking flare burnt top temple quenched black demons fear shrieking ear silenced repeated fire burn water saw faces children black night blacker black stars hidden laid husband paved floor sank brought light hurricane lantern burned steady stormy wind water body caked mud wet dirty wiped clean took head lap knot melted darkness twos saw
space bathroom grandmother house oakville ontario bottom wolf den barren lands central intention retracing entire road lies beginning tale story sojourn wolves begins properly granny bathroom indication gifted children age future lay disappointed failure declare parents took oakville abandoned care grandparents holiday oakville house called singularly genteel establishment feel home cousin resident older found metier lay military field amassed formidable army lead soldiers single preparing wellington loutish inability play napoleon exasperated refused formal circumstances grandmother aristocratic lady welsh descent forgiven husband retail hardware merchant tolerated terrified terrified including grandfather sought assumed deafness
air force transport twin plane capable carrying thirty passengers aboard barely room left crew pilot amiable flight lieutenant wearing handlebar mustache watched load going aboard honest bewilderment writ large brow information sort government going special mission arctic expression grew increasingly quizzical swung bundles clanking wolf traps cabin midsection canoe looked bathtub ends true departmental precedent bow stern sections canoe shipped biologist studying rattlesnakes south saskatchewan desert armament loaded aboard consisted rifles revolver complete holster cartridge belt shotguns case tear gas grenades expected persuade reluctant wolves leave dens shot large smoke generators prominently labeled danger signaling aircraft case lost case wolves closed case wolf getters devices fire charge potassium cyanide mouth animal investigates completed arsenal scientific gear including gallon cans sight pilot eyebrows shot cap marked grain alcohol preservation specimen stomachs
looked stark cloud topped hills waste pressure rippled ice valley desolate treeless roll tundra doubt excellent wolf country suspected pairs eyes watching speculative interest burrowed mountain gear found revolver took stock situation prepossessing true apparently penetrated heart barren lands established kind base location lake ice land left desired adhered strictly letter instructions paragraph operation order stickler immediately establishing permanent base proceed means canoe utilizing waterways extensive general survey surrounding country depth manner significant statistical terms order determine range population ratio order establish contact study species willing carry instructions ice underfoot solidity suggested canoeing deferred weeks forever alternative means transport seen begin task moving mountain gear permanent location dry land
weeks study solving salient problem wolves living vital problem solving satisfactory employers reason expedition caribou large herbivores found numbers arctic barren lands numerous plains buffalo shown catastrophic decrease decades preceding trip evidence obtained government agencies hunters trappers traders prove plunge caribou extinction primarily due depredations wolf safe bet politicians cum scientists employed research study wolf caribou relationships uncover incontrovertible proof damn wolf found provide sufficient excuse adoption general campaign duty searched diligently evidence superiors found likely end june migrating caribou herds passed wolf house bay heading high hundred miles north spend summer wolves going eat months going feed hungry pups caribou caribou
acceptance effect mike attitude mike continued harbor deep rooted suspicion head prove dangerous closely watched loosened taciturn nature permit tried operative boon able enlist aid interpreter deal add knowledge wolves food habits confirmed discovered role mice played diet told wolves ate numbers ground squirrels times prefer caribou ground squirrels abundant arctic wolf house bay lies south range close relatives common gopher western plains unlike gopher poor sense preservation fall easy prey wolves foxes summer fed fat weigh pounds wolf kill meal fraction energy expenditure involved hunting caribou assumed fishes enter largely wolves diet assured wrong told times watched wolves fishing northern pike spawning spring big fish weigh forty pounds invade intricate network narrow channels boggy marshes lake shores
week june began show increasing signs restlessness gave distinct impression domestic den beginning pall george albert departed evening hunt took accompanying part journey hundred yards den occasion covered quarter mile returning slowly home george clearly delighted changing mood trying weeks persuade join night ranging tundra occasion delayed departure hour albert grown impatient struck attempt entice mate going hour trips lookout ridge nursery knoll lying midst pups sniffed fondly wagged tail furiously started hopefully hunting trail failed follow returned lookout knoll sit disconsolately minutes trying finally depart picture disappointment dejection head tail held low slink desire night clearly mutual welfare pups remained paramount large able need attention
queried apparently inexplicable behavior band wolves seen eskimo camp patient kindly fashion endeavored put straight begin told healthy adult caribou outrun wolf ease week fawn outrun swiftest wolf caribou perfectly aware knew fear wolves normal course events wolves fully aware highly intelligent seldom attempted run healthy caribou knowing full senseless waste effort wolves according adopt technique systematically testing health general condition deer effort find par caribou abundant testing accomplished rushing band putting flight expose presence absence sick wounded inferior beast revealed wolves closed attempted kill beast herd wolves soon desisted chase test group caribou hard find techniques wolves acting concert drive small herd deer ambush wolves waiting caribou scarce wolves relay system wolf drive deer wolf posted distance chase turn
september slipped october white nights hardened skimmed lakes ice glad spend afield living wolf fullest freedom wolves immense scientific trivia awaited attention cabin theory employers spent observing living wolves deliberately neglected innumerable peripheral studies ordained ottawa grew short felt gesture compliance authority saddled vegetation study consisted parts collection species plants area cover degree study determine ratios plants finally expected content analysis determine nutritional vegetation point view caribou left things compromised tackling cover degree study involved circle device designed hell appearance simple innocence big metal hoop devil mechanism driving sane mad stood stretch shut eyes spun times top flung circle
problem south wolf house bay resolved morning burst cabin announce seen aircraft sure norseman plane floats lazily circling tundra west hope pilot brought wolf house bay return sight plane dither excitement remembering smoke generators supplied ran surprise worked mighty coil black oily smoke soaring high skies norseman disappeared west reappeared homing signal column landed bay canoe greet pilot narrow faced unprepossessing looking young chewing wad gum tell months passed word department grown increasingly disturbed received wolf reports thousand dollars worth government equipment vanished tundra void inquisitive member opposition wind matter asked question house commons possibility accused carelessness handling public funds haunts government department
big small baby small things crib blankets toys parents arms grew things part stretches home school includes stores offices places draw picture show buildings streets show lampposts park benches stop lights cars walk imagine re walking streets left drawing add things picture picture drew shows part environment home part environment streets lead school school trees pass part environment piles trash broken bottles abandoned cars things play part affect things affect difference hear smell touch affects part environment environment includes affect picture shows boy part environment environment things picture shows boy environment things air picture
look pictures classmates drew environments pictures show things things kinds things things part environment environment includes natural things air water land sun meet needs affects natural things air water land sun parts system system parts system works looking things system parts simple bicycle system parts parts highway system picture left system parts parts parts interact pictures shows parts picture parts interacting picture shows system working look picture highway system roads street signs cars interact look environment examples systems highway system land air water systems move things natural things air water land sun parts natural environment natural system
words printed paper words put paper blank words printed paper changed words printed page human culture printed natural system culture language tools institutions beliefs helps change natural system culture ways meet needs air water food shelter language communicate send messages humans living things communicate sounds gestures messages think communicating pictures gestures gestures mean symbols communicate symbols things stand symbols pictures signs words symbols short saying symbols shown kinds symbols symbols numbers letters letters put words words grouped sentences sounds gestures symbols language human language makes communicate ways living things ways dog tell hungry ways tell re hungry humans forms language kind language
delivered picture delivery person object delivered goods things buy meet needs clothes wearing goods books house live delivery person picture performing service services things meet needs buy carrots apples salesperson store service truck driver delivers goods service deliver mail home services provided workers pick garbage repair television sets sell clothes cut hair repair roads earth goods services goods services shown pictures goods services important service consumer family friends neighbors buy goods services provide goods services producers goods services produced businesses businesses small run person person businesses produce things need goods services produced large businesses survey businesses community look ads newspaper
feel things important objects ideas ways things values grow beliefs group put higher group individual beliefs land owned group person person fair share goods produced beliefs thread weave parts culture beliefs shown paintings carvings stories poems songs dances affect kind technology group kind family ways learn goods services laws religious institutions grow beliefs look beliefs affect part lives suppose traveler outer space earth wrote visiting large city thing saw city strange monster rushed past screaming blaring coat shiny bright strange monster eyes front round eyes front square eyes rear eyes glowed dark ran round black feet herd smaller monsters
silly sounds wear air look labels clothes say cotton wool air helps cotton wool carbon dioxide oxygen nitrogen air help cotton plants grow air breathed yesterday cotton plant today tomorrow plant cotton shirt wool pants air helps air keeps sheep alive grass eat grows nitrogen carbon dioxide air grass sheep eat helps wool grow sheep coats clipped wool spun woven wool pants buy lemonade packaged air put package human beings travel air packaged air look pictures packaging air help meet need learn places wind moving air poem picture say power wind wind power picture technology helps wind tools skills pictures ways wind power think electricity giant power plant miles electric wires parts live cost run electric wires homes simple solution
moving air lifts tiny drops moisture ocean droplets small seen air ocean carries water droplets air hold moisture droplets fall rain snow water reaches surface earth sinks ground rest runs hills large rocks valleys moving water flows high places low places carves paths moves land paths carry water ocean think paths moving water called water moving land earth surface unit found heat sun helps air move learned air moved earth rotates spins sunlight winds rotating earth ocean water move earth sunlight ocean warmer part earth sunlight earth ocean warmest coolest air flows currents currents ocean ocean currents warm cold currents water flow air currents warm ocean water moves cooler places cool water moves warmer places look map latitudes find warm ocean currents latitudes currents flow
water air natural resource resources help meet needs water ways ways water resource water resources fish eat oxygen need comes plants grow water earth water resources countless ways needs clean fresh water drink water need springs wells water community water system drawing shows water carried place stored homes community water system global water system technology help water drink need water things drinking technology helped find hundreds ways water meet needs early times built boats travel water pipes canals carry water place water run water wheels ground grain bread water generate electricity heated water steam run trains machines water run clocks ways water pictures basic need helping meet technology helping water water drink
humans beliefs water beliefs fact beliefs water idea important lives pages follow tell beliefs beliefs water heard read beliefs water think water forms rain snow ice hail frost steam beliefs tell things water system ago india believed gods goddesses natural system believed form thing ruled north india himalayas mountains tower sky early indians believed himalayas held sky daughter himalayas river goddess lived sky arguments agreed earth angry leaving sky flung earth force save earth gods caught hair reached earth rivers waters streams rushed fill ocean look map page finger trace streams believed indians say daughter himalayas beliefs sky filled ocean fit water system
feel living things pictures feel imagine re person living thing tell feel rain sun feel live earth share living things don stop think part lives living things imagine bare rocky plants songs birds chirp hum insects dogs cats fish snakes earth living things background lives help meet needs ways basic needs helping meet pictures page living things help meet basic needs help meet psychological needs love living things give help meet needs learn skills help meet need beauty need met pictures studying animals find act living thing space flight dog named laika acted gave scientists idea act space
kinds living things meet needs living things depend plants plants earth living things need oxygen plants stay alive hungry oxygen eat need food food energy need run walk energy play energy food energy need food eat energy comes sun food eat study diagram plant air ocean water minerals plants water minerals soil carbon dioxide air energy sunlight leaves plant amazing thing happens leaf divided hundreds tiny parts called cells cells food factories energy comes sun turn minerals water carbon dioxide food plant needs grow eat plant energy cells food energy plants draw picture shows answer sure put plant drawing drawn food chain tells eats plants beginning food chain enter food chain places
grow stay healthy need eat balanced diet need amount vegetables grains wheat rice potatoes fruits meat milk cheese balance important natural region natural region needs amount plants animals stay balance balance living things healthy populations act check helps balance natural region plant eating animals plant population animals eat animals plant eating population plant eaters won food plant eaters starve affect animals eat animals size populations changing plant eating population grows smaller happen system stay balance change part ago changing change goes populations helps system balance large upset balance earthquake flood forest fire disease upset balance system suppose set dominoes close end row knock domino row major change population natural region act
early times looked ways learn universe records ways planets move found ways mark longest shortest days tools help study universe tools look night sky telescope telescope makes things nearer clearer early telescopes simple tools didn give idea solar system give viewer clear look star planet tools scientists explore skies today simple huge telescopes let look solar system giant telescopes taking pictures scientists study pictures find gases star idea star telescopes send radar waves radio signals scientists measure takes radio signal reach star bounce earth tells star idea size learned satellites satellites gave look surface venus close look canals mars chance study jupiter red spot satellites help learn planet earth
hundreds known earth round found hard act couldn earth surface planet flights space affect thought earth astronaut earth looked space imagine darkened room clearly visible object small blue green sphere size christmas tree ornament actually earth round planet floating space pictures earth showed land affected movement air water showed surface planet pictures clearly showed earth global system environment slowly beliefs earth began change learned space began realize earth planet solar system space exploration emphasized earth begin think belonging planet earth country space exploration changed culture ways raised difficult questions choices affect future earth
map shows environment small part city chicago things shown map natural things key shows symbol map stands sheet paper things build live choose meals menu fish swim natural thing build sleep rooms short children castles natural thing natural thing shade parking cars buy tools natural thing grows tiny green blades drive cars summer nathan visits grandparents farm idaho morning lets cows milking barn feeds calves breakfast later roller skates cement floor machine shed looks haystack kittens fishes pond swims swimming hole compass rose find directions map write answers piece paper direction nathan house cow shed cow shed milking barn milking barn calf shed calf shed house machine shed haystack haystack pond pond swimming hole
stars bright saturday morning jill kinmont left ranch kitchen started lane knapsack ski poles tightly rolled sleeping bag clasped arms brother dozen steps carrying pair skis shoulder dark perfectly early november colder usual promise winter young skiers reached county road lower end lane stacked things wooden arch marked ranch entrance stomped beat mitts warm west scatter stars cut ragged silhouette high sierra peaks finger light appeared east red hill road thrust uncertainly wavering dipping headlights approached finally swung catch jill bob arch bob fourteen short stocky rugged close cropped blond hair ruddy face shovel shaped jaw sister older inches taller slender held head forward trying brother height headlights belonged ford sedan squeaked stop bob stepped put skis ski rack car marc ski patrolman wife ethel jill friend audra jo nicholson picked minutes earlier
mammoth snow season coming thanksgiving road mammoth totally impassable weasels useless week later storm dumped close foot snow hour hours settled depth feet level mammoth mountain abandoned winter skiing focused mcgee mountain ski mammoth mcgee steep treeless slant rock earth talus directly west crowley lake bottom mcgee warming hut large handsome cabin lately weeks hillside hundred yards cabin outhouse conspicuous feature landscape seen point mile stretch highway ran lake mountain mcgee tow affair dave mccoy run rear wheel model ford tow dismantled dragged toboggan dave roma friends moved found slope snow welcome tow dave money began charging cents cover gas repairs soon building bigger permanent ropes operating mcgee forest service finally permitted set mammoth
pleasure home simple skiing worry momentous high school meets skiing march mcgee drove san mountains snow valley giant slalom bob cool shy sensation giant slalom fast event fewer flags slalom tightly controlled downhill bob won class race older class racers able chalk bill kinmont beginning succumb kind racing fever ski children teammates races season half knew regulars competitors parents parts california snow valley race committee meeting agreed help organize complicated west racing schedule mcgee jill audra jo taught linda meyers offered sympathies cried stand kenny lloyd tries help ski helped jerry kinmont liked shovel build jumps looked huge freckles outsized ski clothes skied poles dragging exhausted straighten
fall jill worked mammoth weekends checking skis polishing boots rental shop helping paint porch front warming hut sun deck roof afternoon dry land training schedule deep knee bends leg walked hills ranch barefoot toughen feet practiced clumps sage slope hummock physical effort didn mind social suffered training meant going bed evenings meant cigarettes beer stuffy matter fact didn want dates smoke drink bill kinmont white mountains days week guide running deer camp hunters ferried rocking owner local flying service bob columbus packing pound buck miles camp bill jolted severe pains arm chest gave oxygen flew mountains mild heart attack put bill hospital week ruled physical exertion months later october dave mccoy resigned los water department moved family dam warming hut mcgee mountain
national downhill slalom championships scheduled weekend aspen colorado combined aspen traditional cup included giant slalom slalom downhill jill found ride directly aspen rest family dave returned bishop dave bill kinmont chairman junior competition committee drive colorado later jill checked dormitory aspen roaring forks inn late afternoon davenport greet sitting cross middle bed ski pants shirt combing hair god jill wait till women racing thing legs encircled imaginary elephant leg hands looked eyes green bright beautifully curled lashes jill wished imitate knees knee socks brother picture barn ski absolutely fear jill bit afraid downhill downhill seen mind jill didn feel going exactly breeze fact idea racing nationals unbelievable raced kind national senior competition harriman cup seen
friends bishop congratulated jill warmly stopped rocking races week sports news latest register column front page story jackson photographs headline jill bob kinmont win national titles jill morning harriman cup races sun valley roomed friend ann roberts evening asked curl eyelashes taught dick buck sun valley hurt bad leg wicked spill racecourse girls heard ann asked jill knew dick friend annie mean bright green eyes fixed jill raised eyebrows lips curved break grin yeah jill going marry whistled picture folks brought dick meet future son law ann anyway jill think re courageous let fond fond mean think sure feel evening dick crash jill let hospital
stopped sliding odd feeling parts connected thought immediately maybe die saw vaguely familiar faces god recognized sally move course move guy sprawled top don matter scared felt hand supporting head looked dick bending started sob thought olympic tryouts apparently doctor spectators jill heard saying sharply don move don move litter jill feel whimpering trying feeling cold snow beneath feel discovered move head moving head thing move saw hand lying side odd position horrible impression arm arm hand part longer ski patrol arrived toboggan sally dick lifted care stokes litter slid beneath
bill idea costs run things started knew exactly translate hours bar sales construction costs capital gains net profits parts sold army air forces worked father small manufacturing plant plant father mother sister killed automobile accident business thrived war contracts converted manufacture industrial machinery bill sold plant bought ranch bishop money tied rocking june children investment labor love tied ranch reluctant consider possibility moment midmorning tuesday february jill receiving letters messages bundle bishop todd watkins published register telephoned regularly town posted progress st timothy conducted special prayer service morning local radio station broadcast special jill kinmont bulletins stores town putting collection jars labeled help jill hill money west ski association jill kinmont fund
morning jill read newspaper gonna run jill kinmont traction bed declaring wasn appeared disturbed gap facts facts days jill able move eyes face feeling shoulders sensation arms knew thought lasting trouble insisted talking skis began talk newspaper accounts glowing hope friends spoke air wise confidence june kinmont talked sally recovery broken dr evans gave hope jill eventually regain hands dr powell help morning don look sick left jill hands moved nurses told reporter learned voice condition temporary moving hands duty morning jill tried move fingers tried move toes trying move jill problems medical significance mind
april gang gave jill special gift financing trip los bud werner jill wearing st christopher medal constantly neck healed flushed bright eyed arrived sally friends bed touched arm look terrific closing eyes slowly shaking head bud stayed nearly week wined dined local skiers spent hospital jill cranked sitting position visits wear neck brace padded plate fitted high chest supported big leathery cup entire lower jaw rested brace hidden blouse keeps chin bud intimate conversation going jill wondered apparently west especially surface warm funny talked spring races sun valley bud coach colorado juniors future jill knew paralysis going change lot things telling wasn reason bud backing
july jill kinmont certified health allowing course permanent limitations imposed injury twenty weeks hospitals released st john begin full program rehabilitation mile journey visited audra jo months meant end sick beginning resembling independence wheelchair lightweight powder blue job folded fit car rubber knobs screwed rim wheel learned press shove wheel slowly considerable difficulty changed place oversized dismal building exposed pipes torn draperies dust half floors supported steel pillars sandwiched original floors high ceilings dozens plywood booths flimsy partitions gave floor look toy city full buildings location marvelous beach end boulevard routine relaxed interesting ordinary hospitals staff included medical doctors occupational therapists physical therapists number nurses orderlies nurses aides
jill wanted visit bishop bob owner bishop flying service volunteered supply transportation thursday labor flew place piper small field santa monica stayed load jill mother wheelchair plane took headed northeast mojave desert turned north lower end owens valley jill coming home homecoming felt exiled loved shriveled crusty border owens lake bare unfriendly summit mt whitney miles west mile higher flying bob circled bishop dropped low east end town settled neatly runway twenty kinmont audra jo linda dave kenny friends school jill swimming pupils parents pulled open door shouted hi jill son gun jill re looking wonderful jill eyes filled tears sniffed quickly blinked bob kinmont lifted plane put chair unloaded jill wanted desperately feel ease jill wheelchair stream questions town rodeos
jill registered postgraduate courses felt helpful teacher continued ride campus lee teaching assistant doctoral candidate lee sick late fall shipped hospital appeared campus wheelchair christmas eyes sunken cheeks hollow losing pounds week teaching working jill didn ride longer house regularly talk ask help english papers wanted luck school education upset asked evening want jill sitting casually elbow hooked handle chair think frowned pouted blowing cheeks slightly letting air escape sounds corny lee think give gain idea help kid learn shrugged kids stretch yes february lee stroke blood clot affected speech side body
kinmont family moved washington miles east seattle jill accepted college education university washington building dozens steps front inside student teacher high school seattle handled classes things jill learned high school pupils informed going read mad foreign affairs hardest thing knowing getting class sure knew talking face class talk bluffing matter found required courage carry maintain grace pressure wheelchair student teacher asked jill kids didn care jill care show ways telling couldn care yeah supposed pretty square care wouldn want show re teacher mad figure ways spite february bud werner concluded decade international racing olympic winter games
latest chapter jill jill film version magazine published follow story jill caught eye ed feldman producer los jill agreed feldman proposal film tentatively called side mountain hired technical advisor receive percentage profits jill met david september spent summers bishop familiar polio brother contracted disease age moved article concerned fact jill undergone true depression wondered dramatize reaction accident talked lot liberties legitimately rewriting movies script completed early jill approval read cried times thought poor girl tragic thought factual details jill situation frustrating lot film depressed concerned friends depicted lot conflict developed conflict actual competing slopes
thing maybe thought maybe think mean thought lot keeps urging easy understand try understand explain actually brother asked boy family yes wasn lie wholly born family died clothes picture home named easy remember mother photographed instance especial print transferred smooth discs size saucer discs fit small twisted wire brother sit easel mother bureau bedroom younger important neighbors say difference ages tried explain mean difference clearly picture discs stood photographer chair plush chair top brother hand rested arm looks pretty small
faculty pilot incessantly cultivate brought absolute perfection short perfection faculty memory stop merely thinking thing eminently exact sciences scorn pilot looked times ventured deal feeble phrase think vigorous easily realize tremendous thing trivial detail twelve hundred miles river absolute exactness longest street york travel features patiently house window lamppost big sign heart accurately instantly abreast set random street middle inky black night tolerable notion amount exactness pilot knowledge carries mississippi river head street crossing character size position crossing stones varying depth mud numberless places idea pilot order mississippi steamer trouble
boys hill half hour early afternoon running hard heads forearms working breath whistling swept house cut stubble field barn stood consciously pony looked jody eyes admiration respect today jody boy dressed overalls blue shirt quieter suspected cowardly thousand centuries drew ancient admiration footman horseman knew instinctively horse spiritually physically bigger foot knew jody miraculously lifted equality gabilan put head stall sniffed ride boys cried braid tail ribbons fair going ride jody courage felt superiority horseman ride going train halter billy buck going show lead halter broke jody wanted completely took pony saddle
saturday night killing hour small screen policemen shot line duty gangsters thrown roofs elderly lady slowly poisoned pearls murderer brought justice cigarette company series discussions office private detective brave unarmed actors leaped villains holding forty ingenues saved death knife quick thinking handsome intrepid young peter sat big chair front screen feet arm eating grapes mother wasn home ate seeds stared critically violence mother fear appendicitis hung air watched carefully seed neatly extracted ashtray home irritated lectures quality television entertainment young quick tempered fiddling dials find vaguely defined educational daringly awake eleven clock peter ground seeds teeth enjoying impolite noise solitude freedom empty house television commercials peter closed eyes imagined hurling bottles large unshaven pistols walking slowly dark stairways door knew boss waiting bulge shoulder holster unmistakable cloth pencil striped flannel jacket
soon saw anvil squatting tree hateful creature belonged trees knew beating knew kind beating let matter courage shame tree mine want doubt seedling grew bank dry creek mark road house thirteen small apples borne thirteen beautiful things beautiful earth twelve father took barn look colts saturn jupiter devil white face father took cigar vest pocket put foot bottom plank fence leaned elbows top fence face looked quiet pleased proud liked looked joke surprise turn nice tucker father presently unaware finest colts augusta county finer virginia don find arthur hancock albemarle father took elbow fence looked
pupils knight school gawaine le coeur hardy promising tall sturdy instructors soon discovered lacked spirit hide woods jousting class called companions members faculty sought appeal nature shouting break neck told lances padded horses ponies field unusually soft late autumn gawaine refused grow enthusiastic headmaster assistant professor pleasance discussing case spring afternoon assistant professor remedy expulsion headmaster looked purple hills ringed school think train slay dragons killed objected assistant professor replied headmaster brightly added soberly consider greater responsible formation lad character dragons bad interrupted assistant professor characteristic restive head school began talk ethics ideals institution known worse replied headmaster hills south week killed number peasants cows prize pig dry spell holds telling start forest fire simply breathing indiscriminately
book admirable human virtues courage grace pressure ernest hemingway defined stories pressures experienced united states senators grace endured risks careers unpopularity courses defamation characters sadly vindication reputations principles nation forgotten quality courage past brought public likely insist reward quality chosen leaders today fact forgotten remember john quincy adams president political schemes henry clay forgotten young gave promising senatorial career stand nation remember daniel webster subservience national bank career forgotten sacrifice national close career remember possibly care don give damn syndicated columnist told millions readers ago average senator congressman says reason don care hear congress ignorance demagoguery relied earlier member cabinet recorded diary reluctant believe total depravity senate place dependence honesty truthfulness large portion senators
non totalitarian country political profession individual expected sacrifice including career national private industry expect individual advance enlightened interest limitations law order achieve progress public expect individuals sacrifice private interests permit national progress occupation politics expected sacrifice honors prestige chosen career single issue lawyers businessmen teachers doctors face difficult personal decisions involving integrity face glare spotlight public office face dread finality decision confronts senator facing important call roll want decision believe sides feel slight amendment remove difficulties roll called hide equivocate delay senses constituency raven poe poem perched senate desk croaking casts vote stakes political future senators retire choice virus potomac fever rages washington breeds virulent form senate floor prospect forced retirement exclusive club possibilities giving interesting fascinating trappings impressive prerogatives congressional office courageous politician loss sleep
today challenge political courage looms larger everyday saturated tremendous power mass communications unpopular unorthodox course arouses storm protests john quincy adams attack envisioned political expensive mechanized dominated professional politicians public relations idealist dreams independent statesmanship rudely awakened necessities election accomplishment public increasingly centered seemingly unending war curious epithet cold tend encourage rigid ideological unity orthodox patterns thought days ahead courageous able hard unpopular decisions survival struggle powerful enemy enemy leaders need give thought popularity course need pay tribute public opinion manipulate force fear retaliation polls citizens sacrifice present laughter future glory courageous able alive spirit individualism dissent gave birth nation nourished infant carried severest tests attainment maturity course easier continue think traditional political patterns liberalism conservatism republicans democrats viewpoint north south management labor business consumer equally narrow framework
crises produce deeds courage country known greater crisis culminated fratricidal war north south intending slight periods american history nature overlook acts outstanding political courage vital importance eventual maintenance union occurred fateful decade civil war cases involving senators sam houston texas thomas hart benton missouri enjoyed political dominion states defeat reward involving daniel webster massachusetts death decision halt heaped enemies sadly embittered days surprising ten period recurring crises ties bound union successively snapping brought worst political leaders position responsibility obliged decide maintaining loyalty nation region sides abolitionists north fire eaters south wholly convinced rightness section decision easily felt dual loyalty country sought compromises postpone remove entirely shadow war hung decision agonizing ultimate choice involved breaking loyalties friendships prospect humiliating political defeat
night january night washington ailing wheezing coughing fitfully henry clay snowdrifts home daniel webster plan plan save union knew support north renowned orator statesman knew lose afternoon president taylor message congress asking california admission free thrown fuel raging fire threatened consume union president failed mention mexico asked north fugitive slave law enforced south district columbia slave trade utah texas boundaries tempers mounted plots unfolded disunity abroad land henry clay plan plan compromise preserve nation hour outlined contents daniel webster warmth comfortable home talked saving union meetings american history productive ironic consequences compromise added henry clay garlands daniel webster support insured success resulted political crucifixion half century historical condemnation henry clay called wintry night extraordinary figures american political history
march history title speech delivered senate floor recalls today recalled formal title webster gave address seventh march speech independence known fourth july realizing months insomnia effort health permit webster stimulated strength speech oxide arsenic drugs devoted morning polishing notes excitedly interrupted sergeant arms told hours senate meet chamber galleries corridors capitol filled traveling days parts nation hear daniel webster foreign diplomats house representatives vying standing room senate met members scarcely walk seats crowd spectators temporary seats public documents stacked top senators gave seats ladies stood aisles awaiting webster opening blast vice president gavel commenced session senator walker wisconsin held floor finish speech begun told chair vast audience hear assemble audience
rays dawn streaking ill lit senate chamber final speaker rose seek recognition weary haggard unshaven senators slumped despondently chairs rigors night session muttered vote vote hopes discouraging oratory bill passage senator sam houston texas hero san jacinto easily discouraged overwhelming odds deep musical voice carried bold unpolished words powerful message astonished colleagues shook dull stupor deadened fatigued brains sat upright attentive bill bitter exhausting debate closed known kansas nebraska bill unity device democratic party latest concession south repealed missouri compromise reopened slavery extension issue thought settled compromise permitting residents vast territory iowa rockies decide slavery question assumption northern part territory free southern part slave democrats southerners bill legislation sam houston democrat standing sam houston southerner birth residence loyalty philosophy sam houston sam houston independent unique popular forceful dramatic individuals enter senate chamber
taxpayer contribute buy single brick nail building speak sound voice desire hear sam houston speak follow yonder hillside speak soil texas watered blood denounced hand traitor based intolerant party wrote wife dirty scandal falls water duck votes kansas southern measures explained angry constituency texas handed sam houston trouncing political career resign senate antagonistic gazette holding barren office merely receive diem allowance sam houston encouraged margin defeat greater returned washington final senate beliefs southern antagonist taunted senate floor vote kansas nebraska bill insured defeat houston merely replied graceful smile true received earnest gratifying assurance constituents intend relieve service mistaken
end costly military struggle north south restore peace unity political front appomattox ended shooting brother brother halt political invasions economic plundering hatred racked divided land bitter animosities sides mason dixon line engulfed daniel webster thomas hart benton sam houston continued decades war north sought bind wounds nation treat south mercy fairness president andrew johnson senators stood impeachment lack patriotism waved bloody shirt south sought demonstrate nation fanatical sectionalism region forgotten lucius lamar mississippi attacked constituents deserters conquering enemy confederate general bob toombs asked petition congress pardon toombs replied quiet grandeur pardon pardoned north gradually conflicts emancipation reconstruction faded exploitation newly opened west trampled south brought issues faces senate longer forum greatest constitutional lawyers constitutional issues longer dominated american public
seen hardened veteran politician speaker house james blaine cry sat tears streaming unashamedly cheeks unable conceal emotions full view house members spectators floor galleries dramatic paying attention blaine making attempt hide tears democrats republicans alike battle scarred veterans civil war violence politics sat somber silence listened urgent entreaties freshman congressman mississippi speaking simply clearly resorting customary rhetorical devices full rich voice touched hearts listener simple plea amity justice north south touched yes message stunned impact lucius lamar mississippi appealing south implacable enemy radical republican helped reconstruction period black nightmare south forget charles sumner massachusetts charles sumner assailed daniel webster traitor seeking south union helped edmund ross vote congressional mob rule ground south presidency heel death hastened terrible caning administered senate floor earlier congressman brooks south carolina southern hero charles sumner dead
election congress strong supporter doctrines calhoun jefferson davis congress alexander stephens robert toombs southern unionists vainly seeking stem sectional tide lamar violently pro southern boast floor house widely extended patriotism enlarged comprehensive love union confess promotion southern interests importance preservation southern honor later entertained doubt soundness southern system found slavery stand war proceed course unmindful end letter wrote dissolution place quietly sun union sets blood passed words henry adams worst southern fire eaters lost hope south obtain justice federal union walked democratic convention charleston jefferson davis helping break link chain union prewar career reached climax drafted ordinance secession dissolving mississippi ties union wind sown lamar mississippi reap whirlwind fell equal violence certainly trials agony dogged south war due loss struggle expected assert leadership region
senator governed opinions friends home devoted throws rich results previous preparation study simply commonplace exponent popular sentiments change days course dwarf statesmanship vote simply considered echo current opinion result mature deliberations consistent courageous philosophy governed return public lamar determined merely section contrary minded purchase respect north section calculated cringing course decided merits bill wrong anxious demonstrate nation statesmanship dead south south desirous repudiating national obligations honor felt issue importance south follow narrow sectional course action argued southern democrats seek abrogate obligations united states government incurred civil war south felt responsibility lamar southern democrats opposed free silver movement senator ben hill georgia war union bondholder purchased dollar bond sixty cents lose sixty cents repaying dollar promised
official list politically courageous senators intention suggest contrary retelling outstanding dramatic stories political courage senate attempted quality found senator political party era examples mentioned illustrative similar conduct similar circumstances senators placing convictions ahead careers broken party john quincy adams thomas hart benton edmund ross sam houston george norris friends republican senator albert beveridge indiana pleaded soft pedal charges payne aldrich tariff act promoted party campaign re election silent party live growing intolerance ideas brings death organization depends reproduction vote son taking place father political party chinese citizens brought thought conscience indian tribe held blood prejudice disillusioned discouraged opposition influential segments party accomplished defeat comment morning election twelve hard clean record content break party soon find home organization
book senate selecting governors displayed political courage choose brave deeds governor prevented realizing ambition reach senate reviewing tremendous stack affidavits court records governor john peter illinois convinced unfair trial insufficient evidence convicted defendants hanged murder chicago famous haymarket square bombing warned democratic leaders forget convicts looked senate replied ambition stand performing simple act justice asked democratic chairman eighteen thousand word pardon document policy thundered action governor burned effigy excluded customary ceremonies parades assaulted daily press epithets anarchist socialist apologist murder lawlessness defeated re election denied customary farewell address successor inaugural illinois anarchist governor snorted john peter returned private quiet death later title vachel lindsay famous poem eagle forgotten charles evans hughes congressman governor prominent lawyer country governor supreme court justice presidential nominee active consideration public office
meaning courage political motivations frequently misunderstood enjoy excitement battles fail note implications consequences admire virtues times fail comprehend current potentialities clearer significance stories political courage say book intended justify independence sake independence obstinacy compromise excessively proud stubborn adherence personal convictions intended suggest issue side wrong side senators knaves fools find side stick contrary share feelings expressed prime minister melbourne irritated criticism youthful historian macaulay remarked sure macaulay congress taught wisdom lincoln words things wholly evil wholly especially government policy inseparable compound judgment preponderance continually demanded book intended suggest party regularity party responsibility evils influence decisions intended suggest local interests region legitimate consideration
begin book school fall september rainy important family jefferson middle school richard eighth grade jefferson elementary school washington school father principal mother job fifteen going reporter journal daily paper county live york times lot read don chose begin ma school makes nervous remember children kindergarten fine eat want piece toast ma richard asked thanks ma think throw dad school working summer empty building kids eager things real father unusually nice forty dare ate eleven dishes ice cream chocolate sauce father likes things richard teaches magic tricks helped build tables rooms
love tennis want learn play asked women pe teachers tennis class don listed boys asked listed field hockey outdoor sport hate field hockey played grade park street school field hockey boring game played play fullback stand wait happen anyway field hockey didn fit schedule tennis girls class fit explained teacher means sign don want school things don want part education look helpful tummy sticks word stand tummy think vulgar word english language nostril certainly conversation insult couldn talk teacher tried tennis asked tennis boys asked
couple days family schedule sort fun things differently mother worked late journal wednesdays dad schedule meetings nights wednesday richard supper giant shopping store empty zoomed aisles woman named mrs weston lives corner saw stop setting basket mrs fisher sick asked dad dad fine thought sick re shopping mrs weston feeling checking basket bought healthy food let moving basket closer soap powders watched choose boxes clean richard talk dad buying things ma chocolate marshmallow cookies canned spaghetti dad bought pounds grapes cents pound mango cost cents richard ads call shoppers dad check counter care guess word comes
later discovered spelled recommend wrong didn change grownups bad spellers houses block remembered oliver journal collected money decided home lorraine laverne top jungle gym began turning somersaults hurry lorraine jumped ran bumped stomach fixing bike ten papers bounced basket knocked papers laverne yelled running didn pick lorraine noticed kids say automatically clear anyway lorraine began help pick papers talk mother held paper collection list hand twins held hand pulled house hello barbara mrs money money lorraine laverne began tell news guess barbara mommy going sunday night re going baby sit guess barbara tuna fish sandwich hey barbara hang top jungle gym hand wanna
woke school usual saturday morning don mind wouldn saturday luxurious feeling roll sleep don run school bus father cooking breakfast makes surprise bite chew maybe piece salami tomato chunk garlic father says entire cooking secret double garlic ma richard eating sit barbara dad comes high protein cheese omelet give strength ahead forgotten basement clean didn mind glad problems basement mess comfortable kind mess oliver mother ma contest basement worse oliver supposed judges couldn decide voted oliver father raising mushrooms baby chickens basement bad match basement full boxes paint cans painting clothes tied papers paper drive trunk baby clothes suitcases presents parents wedding ma says gotten rid married
glad miss class mondays start week miss room place jefferson chairs arranged circle sit floor want cushions miss room yellow curtains windows room turns gold sun shines posters walls bulletin board put clipping paper picture poem wrote notice lost cat miss cares feelings classes week oliver class mary arlene starting jefferson class helped adjusted miss says gave crayons cardboard stars ribbons aluminum foil kindergarten scissors tags week topic thing person interviewed person didn introduced person class chose arlene bit scared black wanted find begun find arlene friends think
dogs direct true tell exactly feel happy miserable sick don try hide feelings say wonderful wonderful dog food put eat dogs loyal kind dog love don ask popular smart special age race religion fat thin dog loves loves don wash face comb hair dogs grateful nice thing dog tell dog dog scratch ears acts performed major act kindness wiggles rolls ground happiness give dog soup bone didn pay dog throw fit gratitude say dog tail thump thump pleasure dogs don hold grudges forget feed dog let place yell dog dog loving add mistakes hold knows want
oliver bus journal station wagon parked front house nice ma home waiting school began oliver paper turned walk pushed open front door ma coffee living room photographer young beard camera bag shoulder couch shake hands jim burns barbara mother jim daughter barbara tell mother proud introduce glad meet barbara jim burns told mother think wonderful stood ground journal bad governor stepped won meet circulation manager asked sure jim burns girlfriend works gas station care knows customers asking mechanic times changing barbara re part idea part changing times ma working change things jim burns
end book decided stop changing family friends things happen change days began writing beginning sixth grade eleven ago finishing sixth grade turned twelve bike birthday ten speed schwinn saddle pack youth hostel membership summer mary arlene going overnight bike trip oliver paper route boys deliver papers won class miss wants stop visit school says class essays examples class going ed tennis volleyball oliver signed tennis hope class anyway play school richard high school bus summer going swimming counselor camp goes writes funny post cards picture lake middle balloon says wish
indignant voice cut afternoon stillness mrs walden put book reading ward asked ceiling mother cried link walden angrily striding stairs hypo ward meddling brother chemicals asked mrs walden sternly ma mother ward emphatically don kind thing link furiously holding half empty bottle photographic solution top magic ward business real talk teen link link mother laughed talk listening mean ward real mean real navy exchange try buy hypo link finds trying develop pictures took boy named wilbur transport week ward took deep breath end ward knows glancing proudly brother happens united states navy philippines buy stuff link mother chemicals business order enlargements sophomore dance promised tomorrow
link twisted wiggled top bunk ward snoring lightly link hear mother padding hall squeak girls door going cover girls thought link link pulled elbow peered side bed waiting ray light hall fall bed mother opened door link mother whispered opening door awake matter talk dad sleepy link guess mother smoothing ward covers want hot chocolate middle night hot drinks taste sure love cookies added link swung side bunk promised mother turning kitchen link opened door parents room flopped foot father bed treat talk father forever interrupted ward dr walden put book reading hour asked thinking link lazily thinking wish malaya meet singapore thinking admitted dr walden don
sore arms link laid clothes bed opened canvas suitcase let help pushing door open link ungratefully think re wanted help want help link going exchange getting film need rolls thirty millimeter black white today okay write exactly kind want give money link reached mattress pulled khaki sock handed stack small change heard putting money sock mattress scoffed overlooks obvious link loftily sat bed seized coughing fit speaking obvious let mother hear coughing afraid sick trip closed door link flopped bed moment head throbbed arms ached picked yellow immunization card cholera typhus typhoid smallpox diphtheria tetanus polio read wonder felt terrible booster shots fed coughed past ten days whirlpool haste advance schoolwork permission miss weeks school stuck full shots studying places going vietnam independent country
sleeper accused cousin edith link stumbled half asleep feet wake thought going toss hand grenade link shook head trying cast possessed car engaged fellow sight seeing rest wash sleep eyes grab camera let guide waiting battered renault pleased meet looked link legs laughed apologetically tiny car think thoughtfully put seat stretch legs let madame ride front cousin edith poked map saigon link lap minute count let look map windows link student asked yes madame studying medicine university father doctor link home morning told father bye manila airport ward mother tell link turned head side side going asked suggest pleasantly let ancient buddhist temple
message madame desk clerk reached room keys urgent call number muttered cousin edith tucked note pocket waiting call privacy room upstairs link tossed shoes ready flop bed cousin edith tapped door problems opened door em link sitting room boss calling cousin edith going leave clock tomorrow morning station wagon leaving early plane don leave ten link worry sort felt plane told parents look forget cousin edith link loftily gotten customs airport transportation guess amuse plane think airport bus comes hotel check bus stops guests possibly miss plane don think link stretching arms gesture
link wished uneasy insistent friendliness squeezed link sofa wait air car won friend jack wong import export line young fellow lincoln walden link added father meeting singapore fine smiled jack wong father glad look trip look link rid rude link drew end sofa thank wong moving fat laughed heartily need room spread slim young air car sir porter reaching bags gentlemen singapore yes link gathering things british ladies pair american businessmen air car link wong crowded let put camera bag truck driver passengers wedged link open mouth protest jack wong spoke sharply foreign tongue driver nodded handed camera bag link say asked link settled camera lap
link looked shoulder sure yes indian taxi driver directly tour car link noticed quick glance englishman sitting hotel door starting small car guarded glance englishman jewels mystery boy american tapped shoulder link reddened realizing car looking strangely expectantly speaking mystery uh excuse stuttered link mystery asked times link remembered manners introduced put hand crowded car sorry sir catching breath afraid miss peterson american presented link car minute looked running chasing croaked link goodness didn want sight seeing father going meet delayed link yes sure perfectly fine call need peterson generously maybe link excuse guide point sights
englishman indian streaking pair race horses open front door link flew steps shouting rang earsplitting burglar alarm guard door leaped iron automatically slid place locked indian camera case veered englishman panting slipped polished floor turned follow link reached hands grab englishman instantly feet stay clear lad shouted shoulder continued chase armed yelled link angrily englishman pulled snub nosed automatic pistol belt forgetting fear link plunged gallery speeding figures haven chance exits blocked shouted englishman crouching dugout canoe link took cover figure borneo warrior blowgun upraised hand lucky blowguns thought wildly hope works philippines deftly lifted blowgun figure peterson rushed entrance room son playhouse corner shouted link cover gun native hut stay chaps ordered englishman crawled canoe
hired couple vietnamese sneak thieves actual re locked fear figure dad making point keeping camera bag letting touch knew sure thing rubies cousin edith rooms sultan bellboy thief real human fly type worked bellboy watched real robber evidently climbed cousin edith window corner detective hotel window sultan window grabbed jewels unseen quickly hid suite bellboy rubies bag thought room cleaner crafty plot inspector wong undertook link side wonder figured wouldn find rubies suppose coughed lot link remember lozenges top box knew cough laughed inspector think wong half expected picked marking bag knew waiting singapore airport counted snatch bag
mama porch hands wringing wet blood pushed door open straight sink turn taps drenched blood swirled pipe puddle pink water tried eyes drain knew look knew window square grass stretch clothesline scattering white feathers wanted look sink didn scanning yard squinting seeing clear saw wedged cob house line marigolds chicken clawing air head red flopping flowers wasn squinting spite bright yellow marigold dust powdering feathers messed blood knew mama kills fry freeze half half row sweet corn garden farther couldn blood twitching mama turned roller towel read mind
minute heard group wanted belong don figured owed membership rested till took wonder bigger wonder cared wasn tenth grade grade school mount country children runs eighth grade officially high schools don start till tenth grade horse mount grade school extra class difference integrated town kids re sophomore groups pretty set believe don entrance scene climbing school bus carrying lunch bucket wits days dresses mama town dull denim crumpled corduroy army surplus wears seen look dad face saw heading bus bleached levi jacket hal wouldn barn lot respect hogs shook head grinned
cleaned changed rest downstairs help mama walked dining room door kitchen eyes started head room looked holiday calendar wedding feast added measure table extra leaves company tablecloth candles yellow glass holders straw basket centerpiece combination black eyed susans queen anne lace surrounded strawberry leaves sticking snapped heads stalks wheat dishes course grandma henderson wispy gold rims faded antique rosebuds cut glass filled bread butter pickles celery stuffed cream cheese chives radish rosettes jello salad christmas wreath decorated pineapple rings bright green cherries table bare spots platters fried chicken pocketbook rolls smell oven minute rising golden stood moment ruminated thought moon moody refrigerator raid mother bring iced tea jam jars mountain peanut butter ritz crackers cocktail onions eaten darlene
christmas holiday hal early looking holly hedgerows finding raided mount cemetery boughs ornamental firs strolled boldly tombstones yuletide harvest decided bull horns look won cetera hal trudging stubbing boot toes tufts brown grass poke nose explained getting tired waiting bleak feeling able handle thinking big plans summer graduation wouldn dark secret late date knew pushing brothers didn getting place graveyard makes tight hoping bring christmas home folks hal folks fly times christmas
christmas usual flutter tissue paper satin bows saved wrapping cousins arriving dinner mind wasn minute purchase leatherette flight bag santa claus traditions christmas night packing pretty sure wouldn sleep planned pack till morning hal let big suitcase putting bag taking starting fresh mama phone times mrs thought darlene place call knew wouldn thought didn want tagging soon seriously considered calling group tell startling turn events thought postcard mailed york city sensational didn want advice mama room hovered bed cases figure clothes mama won looking plenty warm things wanted help sight suitcase yawning open bed
coat let york city miss poodle stuck couldn watch minute give shampoo tonight nap okay beauty sleep need survey territory don started leave mean lost unchanging thing darlene moment didn york city watch tv room darlene won lost won lock till sighed looked pitiful don elevator heard scream strong imagination farm girl mental picture rat face bellboy setting darlene criminal intent ran twisted key lock started battered brains door opened crack put chain darlene confused disgust
don count fricks house prettiest place york rockefeller center york biggest christmas tree captivity decorations tinkling breeze skating rink morning skaters girls flippy fitted costumes body stockings boys lean athletic hips big shaggy ski sweaters fat gray haired graceful young skinny couples skating face face ballroom dancers music piped cold wished stand watching soon wish miss hustled darlene building private elevator let backstage television studio wondered goes scenes tv land tell chaos cables snaked floor darted direction girl clipboard gym teacher rushed re miss super doll sequence re trouble girl tossing unruly hair big trouble super doll frauds show flu fully rehearsed miss sighed think relief ready lead darlene speedily girl tossing mane slot fill filled
lunch looking straight steeples st patrick cathedral grand restaurant top office building dream penthouse true appreciated thick window glass reasonably sure darlene fling convenient roof chance lunch felt supper darlene opened mouth walked stage wouldn believed miss clearly embarrassed bark sounded uncertain order girls sky ah limit sky window looked storm brewing miss getting bracelets tangled knives forks hit floor continually darlene finally spoke waiter amazement ordered practically menu happened cottage cheese carrot sticks sheer confusion ordered weight watcher special banana cream pie miss hemmed menu waiter nearly took silence fell broken miss saying shopping leave airport sure souvenirs home voice trailed service place especially slow finally couldn longer powder room
took part hours dressed fighting hair turn stay getting skirt hang wore stroke started stairs taking slow fear high heels argument skirt tail mortification family gathered hall looking hal dark blue suit tie crime looking boy spoke eyes watching descent hit bottom mama aunt eunice echoed guess dad agreed swallowed hal stepped forward offered arm left mama turned aunt eunice murmured let spare room ready pushed hal ahead bernice opened front door screamed look york re fantastic jumping mother loomed enormous hostess gown bernice remembered manners let front porch mrs ransom led hal living room filling bernice dragged upstairs word asked early pulled bathroom shut door
saturday afternoon november approaching twilight vast tract wild known heath moment moment overhead hollow stretch whitish cloud shutting sky tent heath floor heaven spread pallid screen earth darkest vegetation meeting line horizon clearly marked contrast heath wore appearance night place astronomical hour darkness extent arrived stood distinct sky looking upwards cutter inclined continue looking decided finish faggot home distant rims firmament division division matter face heath mere complexion added half hour evening manner retard dawn noon anticipate frowning storms scarcely generated intensify opacity moonless midnight shaking dread fact precisely transitional point nightly roll darkness glory waste began understand heath felt clearly seen complete effect explanation lying succeeding hours dawn tell true tale
posted vicinity barrow learned persons boys neighbouring hamlets ascended barrow heavily laden faggots carried shoulder means stake sharpened end impaling easily front part heath quarter mile rear exclusively prevailed product individual involved method carrying faggots appeared bush legs till thrown party marched trail travelling flock sheep say strongest weak young loads laid pyramid thirty feet circumference occupied crown known miles round busy matches selecting driest tufts loosening bramble bonds held faggots progress lifted eyes swept vast expanse country commanded position lying nearly obliterated shade valleys heath save wild face visible spot commanded horizon enclosing tract extent cases lying heath country
looked overcome aunt change manner means mean married replied faintly excuse humiliating aunt mishap sorry help think fault parson wouldn marry trifling irregularity license irregularity don explain think morning dark allowed emotion escape silent tears roll cheek unseen say serves feel don deserve continued mrs possessing distinct moods close gentle mood angry flew warning remember business seeking began feel foolish warned happy felt strongly believed capable stood church public talk weeks consented don submit fancies reason marry think wish moment heavy sigh
morning height sun appeared insignificant part heath compared altitude hills lower levels archipelago fog formed aegean nook adopted quarters ascended slopes shaggy hills apparently solitary keen round eyes ready wintry morning converge passer feathered species sojourned hiding created wonder found haunted spot twenty seen marsh looked valley cream coloured visit hill bird rare dozen seen england barbarian rested night till shot african truant event cream colored thought fit enter walk observe observed feel direct communication regions unknown front wild mallard arrived home north wind creature brought amplitude northern knowledge glacial catastrophes snowstorm episodes glittering effects polaris zenith franklin underfoot category wonderful
afternoon expected arrival subject ruminations created bustle preparation blooms end persuaded aunt instinctive impulse loyalty cousin bestir account alacrity unusual sorrowful days listening rick makers conversation return climbing loft aunt store apples search largest coming holiday loft lighted semicircular hole pigeons crept lodgings high quarters premises hole sun shone bright yellow patch figure maiden knelt plunged naked arms soft brown fern abundance packing stores kinds pigeons flying head greatest unconcern face aunt visible floor loft lit stray motes light stood halfway ladder looking spot climber venture russets turned rolled fern nook mellow fruit greeted ripe smell picking stopped moment
evening expectation twenty december home passed recent hour rumour newly ears visit mother short duration end week naturally full swing activities gay city afford linger heath behold face face owner awakening voice limits holiday unlikely haunt mother house robin difficult unseemly customary expedient provincial girls circumstances churchgoing ordinary village country town safely calculate christmas sunday contiguous native home holidays age lost appetite seeing seen turn pew shining hope consciousness clothes congregation christmas morning collection celebrities born neighbourhood mistress left neglected home steal observe development returned lover forgotten think watches prayer book throb renewed fidelity novelties lost charm
face dimly seen typical countenance future classic period art produce faces view thing put replacing zest existence intense early civilizations ultimately enter constitution advanced races facial expression accepted artistic departure feel lives disturbing curve feature setting mark mental concern removed modern modern type physically beautiful glory race young anachronism wonder physically beautiful women anachronism likewise truth line centuries permanently displaced hellenic idea called greeks suspected aeschylus imagined nursery children feel fashioned general situation grows uncover defects natural laws operation lineaments embodied ideals based recognition akin observer eye arrested face picture face page recorded
afternoon fine walked heath hour mother reached lofty ridge divided valley blooms end adjoining valley stood looked round quiet woman inn visible low margin heath direction afar hand rose mean call inquired yes need mother case branch mother going mrs turned inquiringly going help bucket captain continued deep miss looks reason mother asked thought parted help murmured mother gloomily withdrew sure wish sam carry news houses mine retreating figure smaller smaller rose fell hillocks tender hearted mrs watched matter going walking straight line depended mother drew breath abandoning visit turned
sitting books reading meeting meetings carried greatest secrecy afternoon mother home morning visit disturbance lines face happened told incomprehensible thing mournfully captain let woman engaged married think paris suppose spoke weary hopelessness going paris wife school told incredible place overrun schoolmasters special qualifications chance chance getting rich system education true deal fellow creatures dreams dreams system left invented found universities mother find teachers don contact class demands system preliminary training
result interview passing afternoon grandfather hastily returned home arrived hours earlier expected indoors face flushed eyes showing traces recent excitement looked astonished seen approaching passed upstairs unnoticed concerned immediately matter standing bedroom looking floor hands clasped front bonnet moment answer replied low voice seen mother weight fell stone morning arranged grandfather expressed wish drive blooms end inquire mother law adopt means think fit bring reconciliation set gaily hoped asked tell remember met mother meet won wicked opinions passed humiliating asked received money encouraged sort don exactly
days later month august expired sat early dinner manner late apathetic forlorn look beautiful eyes deserved excited pity breast known full flush love feelings husband wife varied measure inversely positions afflicted cheerful tried comfort felt moment physical suffering brighten dearest solemnly promise leave cutting soon power seriously wish stay idling home dreadful cutter lived speak french german fit suppose saw heard wrapped sort golden halo eyes knew glorious things mixed brilliant scenes short adorable delightful distracting hero yes sobbing poor fellow brown leather don taunt depressed
stated determined visit boldly easy terms relation spied spoilt walks night spell thrown moonlight dance impossible strong puritanic force altogether merely calculated meeting husband ordinary manner chatting leaving outward sign conventional fact satisfy desire absence resent situation compromise dignity wife heart women happened arrival coincided mrs pause hill house looked round premises manner noticed knocked door minutes interval key turned lock door opened confronted imagined bearing stood woman joined impassioned dance week penetrated surface gauged real depth stream hope reached home safely
seen signal hill clock immediately prepared assist flight hoped accompany perturbed manner informing going journey sufficient rouse suspicions bed collected articles require upstairs money chest took tolerably bountiful sum notes advanced property soon possession defray expenses incidental removal stable coach house assure horse gig harness fit condition drive nearly half hour spent returning house thought bed told stable lad stay leading boy understand departure morning exceptional hour strange midnight actually agreed packet sailing quiet wait effort shake oppression spirits experienced meeting hoped situation money cure persuaded act gentle wife settling half property chivalrous devotion greater woman sharing fate
story deaths told weeks months known incidents love enlarged distorted touched modified till original reality bore slight resemblance counterfeit presentation surrounding tongues woman lost dignity sudden death misfortune struck gracefully cutting erratic histories catastrophic dash uninteresting wrinkles neglect decay nearly concerned effect strangers heard cases merely heard immediately blow falls previous imaginings amount appreciable preparation suddenness bereavement dulled extent feelings irrationally consciousness husband lost lessen mourning contrary fact set dead husband young wife eyes cloud rainbow horrors unknown passed vague misgivings future deserted wife end worst matter trembling conjecture matter reason limited badness chief interest remained humility grief defiance attitude case shaken spirit apt stilled
passed blooms end eleven clock morning fixed wedding found house comparatively quiet sounds activity dwelling nearest neighbour timothy fairway chiefly noise feet briskly crunching thither sanded floor visible later appointment intended hastened door lifted latch walked ceremony scene customary standing room knot formed chief part coterie present fairway cantle humphrey christian turf cutters warm matter course shirtsleeves christian nervous fear parting scrap clothing house stout oak table middle room thrown mass striped linen cantle held side humphrey fairway rubbed surface yellow lump face damp creased effort labour waxing bed tick souls newcomer yes sam cantle busy waste words stretch corner shade tighter timothy
caroline boarded afternoon train chicago total outfit consisted small trunk cheap imitation alligator skin satchel small lunch paper box yellow leather snap purse ticket scrap paper sister address van buren street dollars money august eighteen age bright timid full illusions ignorance youth touch regret parting characterised thoughts certainly advantages gush tears mother farewell kiss touch throat cars flour mill father worked pathetic sigh familiar green village passed review threads bound lightly girlhood home irretrievably broken sure station descend return city bound closely trains daily columbia city chicago pray hours hundred miles looked slip bearing sister address wondered gazed green landscape passing swift review swifter thoughts replaced impression vague conjectures chicago girl leaves home eighteen things
days carrie indulged high flown speculations fancy plunged recklessly privileges amusements cradled child fortune ready quick mental selection scattered meagre fifty week swift graceful hand sat rocking chair evenings going bed looked pleasantly lighted street money cleared possessor joy heart woman desire fine thought sister minnie knew wild exhausted markets delight busy scrubbing kitchen woodwork calculating purchasing power eighty cents sunday dinner carrie returned home flushed success ready weariness discuss interesting events led achievement merely smiled approvingly inquired spend car fare consideration entered affect flow carrie enthusiasm disposed calculate vague basis subtraction sum perceptible diminution happy hanson home clock inclined crusty usual supper
call evening receiving letter laid thought carrie floating considered gay evening dined rectors restaurant local fame occupied basement clark monroe streets visited resort fitzgerald moy adams street opposite imposing federal building leaned splendid bar swallowed glass plain whiskey purchased couple cigars lighted represented part high fair sample drinker excess moneyed craved mind conceived doings part rector polished marble walls floor profusion lights show china silverware reputation resort actors professional proper place successful loved fine clothes eating company successful dining source keen satisfaction joseph jefferson wont place henry dixie known performer tables rector obtain satisfaction encounter politicians brokers actors rich young town eating drinking amid buzz popular commonplace conversation
carrie apt student fortune ways fortune seeing thing immediately set inquiring look properly related known fine feeling wisdom greatest minds afflicted contrary lowest order mind disturbed fine clothes vast persuasion spoke tenderly earshot pleading desire bent willing ear voice called inanimate translate language stones dear lace collar secured partridge fit beautifully don give ah feet leather soft shoes effectively cover pity want aid things hand person dream giving method forcibly ache rid thought give put clothes torn pair shoes called conscience vain possibly conquered fear hunger thought hard narrow round suffering pressure conscience yielded spoil appearance clothed poor appearing
days scene carrie ogden place parlour put appearance thinking uninterruptedly leniency inflamed regard felt succeed speedily reason interest say fascination deeper mere desire flowering feelings withering dry barren soil probable carrie represented order woman attracted love affair culminated marriage taught raw erroneous original judgment thought told marry woman experience women general lessened respect sex maintained cynical attitude grounded numerous experiences women known nearly type selfish ignorant flashy wives friends inspiring look wife developed cold commonplace nature pleasing knew beast society knew deal hardened nature looked women suspicion single eye utility beauty dress
complete ignoring home growth affection carrie actions related family perfunctory kind sat breakfast wife children absorbed fancies reached realm interests read paper heightened interest shallowness themes discussed son daughter wife ran river indifference carrie fair blissful delight going town evenings walked short days street lamps merry twinkle began experience forgotten feeling lover feet looked fine clothes saw eyes eyes young flush feelings heard wife voice insistent demands matrimony recalled dreams stale practice grated knew chain bound feet george mrs tone voice mind demands want season ticket races want rising inflection yes answered races question soon open washington park south side considered society affairs affect religious rectitude conservatism
misfortune household due fact jealousy born love perish mrs retained form subsequent influences transform hate worthy physical sense affection wife bestowed social sense fell short regard died power attentive woman greater outright crime love dictates appreciation evil mrs hue husband indifferent nature saw design deeds phrases sprung faded appreciation presence consequence resentful suspicious jealousy prompted observe falling amenities married relation part served give notice airy grace took scrupulous care exercised matter personal appearance interest abated jot motion glance pleasure felt carrie zest pursuit pleasure lent days mrs felt sniffing change animals danger afar feeling strengthened actions direct potent nature part
carrie reached room fallen prey doubts misgivings result lack decision persuade advisability promise word ground absence discovered objections occurred warmth manager argument saw put peculiar light agreeing marry supposedly married remembered things walking word felt wrong comfortably situated afraid urgent matter puts strange uncanny arguments miserable things begging women wretched tell happen remember hungry stick curiously leaning firm hold understanding listening smiling approving finally agreeing due lack power part lack majesty passion sweeps mind seat fuses melts arguments theories tangled mass destroys reasoning power
carrie left listened retreating steps scarcely happened knew stormed moments questioned return exactly looked rooms evening light dying wondered feel dresser struck match lighting gas rocker think collect thoughts truth began importance suppose suppose hear fine arrangement chambers quit credit counted approach subject pang sorrow regret truth shocked frightened evidence human depravity tricked turning eyelash led newer worse situation pictures looks manners deed strange miserable contrasted sharply felt knew concerning greater thought present begin look business district
feelings generated carrie walk put exceedingly receptive mood pathos play actor achieved popularity presenting mellow type comedy sufficient sorrow introduced lend contrast relief humour carrie stage attraction forgotten achievement chicago dwelt mind occupied consciousness afternoons rocking chair latest contributed pleasures witness play ability vividly brought consciousness scenes part give expression feelings place character represented feel invariably carry vivid imaginations brood lived things realities daily play stirred heart core actualities low song longing set singing heart finery merriment beauty seen women passed hundreds hundreds strong rich elegant dresses astonishingly coloured buttons silver gold
result results things growing morning brings change feeling existent condition invariably pleads odd moments glimpses misery things heart understands confronted contrasts ache subsides carrie leading months ames called heard young wife west gradual subsidence personal attraction existed mental effect thing entirely ideal contrast close period rapidly approaching moving path apparent slope downward distinctly upward casual observer seen psychologically change marked suggest future distinctly mere matter halt career received departed chicago fortune material progress bodily growth growing stronger healthier wiser youth approaching manhood growing weaker older incisive mentally approaching age states
morning looked papers waded list advertisements making notes turned male help wanted column disagreeable feelings discover begin discover scanned column concerned bakers cooks drivers finding things arrested eye cashier wanted wholesale furniture house salesman whiskey house thought decided look firm question whiskey brokers admitted manager appearance morning sir thinking encountering town customers morning advertised believe salesman showing plainly enlightenment yes yes thought drop dignity experience line experience managed liquor houses recently owned interest saloon warren hudson streets ceased waiting suggestion want salesman don care hold
gloomy sitting cheap hotel refuge seventy dollars price furniture saw hot summer cool fall reading wholly indifferent fact money slipping fifty cents fifty cents paid lodging uneasy finally took cheaper room thirty cents money longer frequently saw notices carrie picture herald found chair informed recently appeared benefit read things mingled feelings put farther farther realm imposing receded bill boards saw pretty poster showing quaker maid demure dainty stopped looked gazing pretty face sullen sort clothes shabby presented marked contrast knew casino intention going conscious comfort show fixture month began granted running
playing york evening return carrie putting finishing touches toilet leaving night commotion stage door caught ear included familiar voice mind want miss send card half dollar passed knock dressing room door carrie opened swear knew moment saw carrie fell pace expecting embarrassing conversation going shake hands re dandy shake hands carrie put hand smiling exuberant nature older slightly changed fine clothes stocky body rosy countenance fellow door didn want let paid knew say show part fine knew happened passing night thought drop minutes saw programme didn remember stage struck say knocked feather chicago
lobby imperial charles arriving shaking snow handsome ulster bad weather driven home early stirred desire pleasures shut snow gloom dinner company young woman evening theatre chief things hello harry addressing comfortable lobby chairs rotten weather say sitting thinking night introduce dead swell couple girls fortieth street dandy looking supposing em em dinner sure wait upstairs change clothes barber shop want shave creaking shoes elevator butterfly light wing incoming pullman speeding forty miles hour snow evening related call dinner dining car pullman announcing hastened aisle snow white apron jacket
bottoms succeeded hell row hell row block thatched bulging cottages stood brookside lane lived colliers worked gin pits fields brook ran alder trees scarcely soiled small mines coal drawn surface donkeys plodded wearily circle round gin countryside pits worked charles ii colliers donkeys burrowing ants earth making queer mounds black places corn fields meadows cottages coal miners blocks pairs odd farms homes straying parish formed village sixty ago sudden change took place gin pits elbowed large mines financiers coal iron field derbyshire discovered appeared amid tremendous excitement lord palmerston formally opened company mine spinney park edge sherwood forest notorious hell row growing acquired evil reputation burned dirt cleansed found struck thing valleys brooks mines sunk soon pits working
scene walter morel days abashed ashamed soon regained bullying indifference slight shrinking diminishing assurance physically shrank fine full presence waned grew stout sank erect assertive bearing physique contract pride moral strength realised hard wife drag sympathy quickened penitence hastened forward help straight home pit stayed evening till friday remain home ten clock sober breakfast rose early plenty miners drag wife bed clock earlier woke straight bed downstairs sleep wife lay waiting period peace real rest house downstairs shirt struggled pit trousers left hearth warm night fire mrs morel raked sound house bang bang poker morel smashed remainder coal kettle filled left hob finally boil
child sank sleep arms tired carry cradle say comes works won say blood boil added sighed hearing coming bear taking revenge nearly drunk head bent child entered wishing flash hot fire passing lurched dresser setting tins rattling clutched white pot knobs support hung hat coat returned stood glowering distance sat bowed child eat house asked insolently servant stages intoxication affected clipped mincing speech towns mrs morel hated condition house coldly sounded impersonal stood glared moving muscle asked civil question expect civil answer ignoring glowered unsteadily forward leaned table hand jerked table drawer knife cut bread
mrs morel took bonnet children waited silence course bad continued shock lost lot blood course dangerous smash sure mend easily fever mortification took bad ways quickly clean blooded wonderful healing flesh reason bad ways course wound pale emotion anxiety children realised bad father house silent anxious paul tell mother moved silence looked nearly sister says pain annie took mother coat bonnet looked walter train children looked hard paul took brush painting arthur coal annie sat looking dismal mrs morel rocking chair husband baby coming remained motionless brooding grieved bitterly sorry hurt
sprang stool paul took pen disappeared paul liked copying letters wrote slowly laboriously exceedingly badly fourth letter feeling busy happy reappeared yer getting em leaned boy shoulder chewing smelling strike bob lad re beautiful writer exclaimed satirically ne er mind yer eaten em lad put numbers em look paul ground letters whilst fussed jobs suddenly boy started shrill whistle sounded ear took plug pipe amazingly cross bossy voice yes paul heard faint voice woman mouth tube gazed wonder seen speaking tube tube woman tiny voice heard sounding pretty cross stand talk pushed plug tube lad imploringly paul polly crying orders buck bit took book paul immense chagrin began copying worked quickly
sort conclusion puzzled fretted reserved strength money keeping girl scarcely afford mother nottingham paul wages raised christmas ten shillings joy happy jordan health suffered hours confinement mother significant thought help half holiday monday afternoon monday morning sat breakfast think fine looked surprise meant live farm asked week wouldn mrs promised bring monday fine say woman lovely cried afternoon paul hurried station jubilant derby road cherry tree glistened brick wall statutes ground burned scarlet spring flame green steep swoop highroad lay cool morning dust splendid patterns sunshine shadow perfectly trees sloped green shoulders proudly inside warehouse morning boy vision spring home dinner mother excited
hour wait station trains crowded excursionists returning manchester birmingham london going folk easily think re going paul late miriam walking home geoffrey watched moon rise big red misty felt fulfilled elder sister agatha schoolteacher girls feud miriam considered agatha worldly wanted schoolteacher saturday afternoon agatha miriam upstairs dressing bedroom stable low room large bare miriam nailed wall reproduction st catherine loved woman sat window dreaming windows small sit front dripped honeysuckle virginia creeper looked tree tops oak wood yard window bigger handkerchief loophole east dawn beating beloved round hills sisters talk agatha fair small determined rebelled home atmosphere doctrine cheek fair independent insisted worldly values appearance manners position miriam fain girls liked upstairs paul
paul remembered clara dawes daughter friend mrs miriam sought spiral overseer jordan husband baxter dawes smith factory making irons cripple instruments miriam felt direct contact jordan estimate paul position mrs dawes separated husband women rights supposed clever interested paul baxter dawes knew disliked smith thirty thirty occasionally paul corner big set striking look handsome peculiar similarity wife white skin clear golden tinge hair soft brown moustache golden similar defiance bearing manner difference eyes dark brown quick shifting protruded slightly eyelids hung half hate mouth sensual manner cowed defiance ready knock disapproved disapproved hated paul finding lad impersonal deliberate gaze artist face fury yer lookin sneered bullying
paul impatiently turned books pencil tipped bag upside table pound bag silver sovereigns loose money counted quickly referred checks written papers giving amount coal put money order barker glanced checks mrs morel upstairs table morel master house sat arm chair hot fire cooler seats counted money say simpson asked morel minute earnings amount put bill naylor money pack lived company houses rent deducted morel barker took morel coals leading stopped barker took shillings plain sailing morel gave sovereign till sovereigns half crown till half crowns shilling till shillings end wouldn split morel took stood drinks rose morel scuttled house wife heard door close descended looked hastily bread oven glancing table saw money lying
upstairs put coat vest coming looked strange flannel collar flannel shirt front evening coat vest large tailor smoothing hand shoulder beautiful stuff find heart let father wear trousers glad smoothed hand silk collar thought eldest son son living inside clothes passed hand feel alive dead dinner times evening suit william mother heart firm pride joy started studs children bought william shirt front wore william dress shirts elegant figure face rough warm looking pleasing look gentleman thought looked told took place dying introduce friends dinner thirty evening want cried indignantly want say want clever
spring madness battle knew miriam reluctance told sort virginity break married circumstances home difficult want marry marriage close companions inevitably follow wife feel wanted marriage miriam wished head felt joyous desire marry couldn bring obstacle obstacle lay physical bondage shrank physical contact felt bound inside struggled loved clara wanted couldn love kiss put arm timidly walked feel burst brutality recoil owed wanted belong recoil shrinking love fierce modesty aversion opposite strong desire battling stronger shyness virginity
months seen clara occasionally walked half hour dinner reserved miriam clara brow cleared gay treated child thought mind deep surface piqued miriam clara hear lately walked twenty minutes yesterday replied talk don suppose think telling strike women took yes gave account knowing warmth felt clara drew miriam felt responsible felt belonged thought faithful easy estimate exactly strength warmth feelings woman till run began give friends art school swain chemistry demonstrator university newton teacher edgar miriam younger brothers pleading sketched studied called university swain town home train newton called game billiards moon stars
dr evening morel sheffield fever hospital comes nottingham dawes belongings baxter dawes paul exclaimed fine fellow physically think bit mess lately place sulking lot don home circumstances separated wife bit believe tell tell morel saw doctor dawes answered nottingham named morel looked jump throat paul morel told saying want policeman say asked paul wouldn say bad indifferent replied doctor want lies word information think asked paul
father paul heard miner drawing stocking yawning morel shirt stockings entered hush paul morel stood watching looked son helplessly horror stop whispered morrow don think yes miner looked fear obediently room paul saw tape garters swinging legs half hour paul downstairs drank cup tea returned morel dressed pit upstairs yes minutes paul heard father heavy steps thudding snow miners called streets tramped gangs terrible drawn breaths continued heave heave heave pause ah snow sounded hooters ironworks crowed boomed small blowers works silence mended fire breaths broke silence looked put blind peered dark lighter tinge snow bluer drew blind dressed shuddering drank brandy bottle wash stand snow growing blue
despairing doggedness tone knees rug fire crouched crushed raise head hands lay inert arms chair aware felt lay mercy rise put arms round say mine leave dare easily sacrifice dare assert aware dark clothed slender body stroke sprawled chair close dared put arms round say mine body leave wanted called woman instinct crouched dared afraid let afraid lay body abandoned knew claim claim impotence strong demand unknown thing extremity hands fluttered half lifted head eyes shuddering appealing distracted pleaded suddenly heart caught pity took hands drew comforted marry low
dad landing fishing camp waterway highway aia camp fancy coolers beer bait boats motors rent dad raised farm nebraska joined navy signed war vietnam knowing things hated war loved sea actually loves mother wasn settle ocean service bought small stretch land north florida remember dad small pension getting wounded nam sell rent government sends re re likely call rich mom doubts money pay trip native country thailand mind says important love re love re mom makes sells sandwiches fishermen job tell mom sandwiches don eat halfway middle find bread hold bite don guess egg salad tuna re eating
dad finished sandwiches lifted beer called dock big haul bass wanting sell mom anxious finish lunch clean dad needing help president bob presented screen door kitchen knock knock pressing face screen minute looked opened door marched kitchen frosted icicle legs think re going interested found today interested mom smiled customer smile busy excuse continue perfectly president bob re excused sat table mom wiping held placemat mama san missed spot mom smiled customer smile wiped spot pointed president bob put placemat emptied contents plastic bag top leaned pile forefinger began comb ah picked small black thing thumb forefinger mom mama san mama san kind japanese mama
brother orville twelve orville schoolboy patrol wore red hat red strap chest carried pole red flag end school orville enjoyed schoolboy patrolling stand corner wait light change walk street hold pole crossed street duty stand curb wait duty mother put orville charge transportation school transportation walking wasn allowed cross street orville stood corner emptied school building walk home pole red flag end walk big industrial park growing lived orville pick building direct coming red lights industrial park signs sides orville line lower pole red flag end allow cross street front
tour amazon part country happened weeks charge tour village antonio grandfather soon enjoy picture smiled wished grandmother ask active translating dollars doors bus closed driving pan american highway remembered count counted tops heads dos tres sixteen tops head bus quince fifteen boarded quito happened saw head number sixteen bus tourists sit pair eyes black obsidian eyes eyes snapped eyes lingered bus tourists turned held eyes antonio ride stop lunch tourist asked finish lunch bus rides leave highway walk road house
won bother details broke arm let say coordinated skateboard let add break arm skateboard re fancy wouldn bother mention broken arm figures story tell story complicated lay maybe add thing wasn mine simple break called simple fracture mine compound compound fracture means bone broken place case let small matter left arm handed school anyway school found broken left arm compound interest kids takes autograph cast don think offer carry books home carried books home anyway let tiny thing mention compound fracture left arm
home school miss started telling story promised tell ugly saved began started budapest father son rich doctor grandfather doctor rich relative rich relative bragged richer money didn nice things making sick born grandfather took look father educate isaac going catch line grandfather seen lot babies knew start beauty knew hope grow sisters born brother sister beauty compared acceptable sister looking pretty brother downright handsome eyelashes dark thick mustaches thick straight black hair gave romantic look parents practicing sisters brother finally knew proper looking child
ma put garage sale signs light poles street leading house snuck door trying buy pa things starting paid money stuff pa collected guns fancy jack bean bottles sold noon brought months worth dentist bills stuff pa sale bert ray couple antique store section town called huntington bert ray sale early kinda thrilled duck prices ma put odd numbers stores put ninety biggest dollars didn touch national geographics jack bean bottle collection camping equipment sure tuck arms real quick paid ma exactly asked gave card saying call house sale ma took card sure call speculating ma sell realized ma timid soul says scuse bumps
lot dealers ma promised things let thought loyal seeing stuck pa past normal endurance guess bert ray started going north big antique shows places philadelphia lexington considering taking ad antiques magazine considering price magazine colored pictures person pretty fancy run ad lost relationship buyer seller ma swooned fantastic pieces meantime bert ray getting fancier house started changing upgrading say started ma couldn sell set dining room chairs price couldn knew worth asking decided heck happened things nice set dishes ma polaroid bought outright sales surprised birthday pontiac station wagon price left garage lawyers sold part contents estate
ma put call huntington antiques bert answered phone ma told pretty quick calling hint bert wasn happy ma getting museum wasn sure send written offer government held smithsonian government affair ma gosh thought smithsonian government affair took phone bert making promise ma government ma wouldn hold twenty thousand dollar promise saying government telling ma ask ralph nader didn believe wouldn let distance til point finally send ma offer writing saying dying pay twenty thousand dollars chinese screen ma took phone send telegram pay figured cheaper living motel expensive telegram carried museum mrs told committee decides buy things wouldn meeting early month
earth giants lived indians greatest giants walked earth nasan hundred feet high nasan stood step took mile feet wide space eyes mouth open large valley teeth looked stumps bright white birch trees smiled nasan dwelling place end earth high mountain facing eastern ocean lodge tallest peak mountain blue clouds met passed nasan lived lonely giant night council fire giants agreed evening star lady fairest women known evening star lovely bright rising shining sky night indians respected feared beings spirit animal gods bird gods giants loved evening star lady things indians night calendar tribes looked rising evening star cut calendar sticks wanderer war scout hunter returning home late night looked forward evening star guide trail
earth happened spirit fashioned beginning indian raised earth water brought red spirit earth dwelling place animals birds fishes creatures air land water lived harmony rabbit ran fox wolf wildcat dwelt deer drank water pool bear buffalo cracked nuts squirrel snakes bite wasps sting eagle flew alongside dove creatures animals birds fishes spoke language confusion tongues days unafraid animals roamed forest paths birds flew sky trails fishes swam waters animal bird fish land belonged clan called brother sister cousin simple large brothers sisters cousins happy truly wonderful creatures wished liked place spirit ruler sky creator commanded distant valley flowers
earth ago indians lived peace plenty spirit land abundant beautiful red blue sky rich earth woods filled sweet wild berries colorful flowers green grasses tall trees hills valleys woods forests bountiful hunting grounds deer rabbits sorts wild animals birds lived sang valleys forests cool waters ran streams lakes rivers kinds fishes swam waters land indian tribe dwelling place planted corn tobacco hunted wild animals fished waters sparkled sun indian return empty handed hunt fish summer indians lived wigwams winter lived cabins bark trees land give food shelter jealousy tribes wanted hunt lands tribes lodges indians began invade hunting grounds braves tribes met trail glared angrily hunt wish indians afar
nora yelled fetch nora started stick thrown eagerly halfway stopped turned ran porch steps sitting wagging tail frantically didn fetch rachel training dog takes patient beginning wonder nora learn didn spoil plan rachel decided sell magazine articles write articles rachel pictures rachel father taught camera professional photographer look close letters lots magazine photos clayton weiss travels photo assignments week london england article idea teach dog tricks thought nora perfect article ten learned tricks young parents kenny mom says busy teaching stuff sticking fingers electric sockets worry training nora intelligent dog knows dairy queen means whisper words runs car tries jump dog smart able learn fetch
don dirt comes rachel complained woman tv ad lying dining room floor head doll house kitchen giving spring cleaning rachel father brought shiny copper teakettle london started rachel doll house father white green shutters real house ten rooms counting attic young played ordinary save allowances sets matching plastic furniture dime store try house perfect special things room blue chest full tiny dishes rachel aunt brought mexico fourposter bed christmas hooked rug room color scheme think playing doll houses babyish rachel actually sophisticated getting kate birthday asked kate going thirteen saturday sleep party friends thirteen don rachel pulled kitchen table doll house haven thought decided
re late kenny stirring pan stove rachel didn realize bent pat nora hello sweetie soft fur felt comforting asked kenny salad set table crossly moving cowboy beans ready cowboy beans mom named chili kenny play cowboys played lot doors open rooms kenny shuts fall started high school took sign door grade kenny private room open door play toys want kenny keeps radio tuned york jazz station plays loud knocked hear don knock funny say brother live house miss kenny began set plates rachel kenny asked couldn possibly condescending father cuba wanted tell thing reassure
arranged nightgown walked living room doorway kids lying floor laughing walked sat stared look hey terrific headed couch stepping trying trip skirt nightgown angela knowingly sank couch folded arms chest natural past mom debbie asked didn care sorry soon didn want debbie think mom tacky mom fit wondered mrs levy downstairs ask cover scrunched couch put feet knees hid chest wanted die kate dog marvin started kate let kitchen began fuss marvin jumped excitedly wagging tail didn notice couch anyway debbie coming marvin interrupted boys class babies laugh angela yeah sue word bras comes french todd mitchell cracks bra janie yelled mean means arm kate told
nora ran home acted trip hi sweetie squatted hug wasn wheezing looked perfectly fine guess worry mom asked inside yeah neat bet stayed till hours yeah nightgown mom looked sort hurt expected tell party hard describe mother going complicated story didn feel felt sorry mom don tell stuff younger kids nightgown neat thanks letting mom gave quick hug re welcome glad success didn ask questions think trying tactful kenny dad asked kenny bike ride peter mom dad working garden don sleep feel pretty tired maybe nap nora want nora steps tail thumping bannister undressed lay jumped settled feet
started rain sixth period school let raining stayed library rain slowed drizzle home nora didn run meet don didn realize wrong maybe thought sleeping don note mom saying print shop kenny home late asked start dinner took lamb chops fridge peeled carrots cut started washing lettuce salad patting lettuce dry dish towel suddenly missed nora don explain exact minute damp lettuce towel hands knew knew terribly wrong called tried squash feeling started look nora favorite sleeping places chair wasn supposed lie hall rug foot bed kenny closet floor nora called honey wasn house ran calling loud nora nora nora rain stopped soaked sheltered place looked porch inside garage row evergreens edge vegetable garden
look showed rachel going sue yeah turned quickly started looking books pretended look posters couldn concentrate minutes tapped shoulder maybe jeans store yeah rachel closed book slowly fabulous book saw passionately history american photography going asked costs twenty dollars suddenly decision book going present perfect ask mom order pay allowances awful lot money rachel deserved pleased getting idea feel sun bright left museum gorgeous street looked interesting rachel walked slowly staring shop windows living york glad getting rachel pulled sleeve walk sixth avenue looked sign head avenue americas avenue americas sixth avenue rachel impatiently tourists calls mean
look rachel aunt sylvia door look terrific dresses wouldn mind dress store broadway answered casually look marvelous bet re exhausted lemonade sank couch kicked shoes felt wonderful sit aunt sylvia apartment neat room kitchen bathroom furniture bookshelves piles books including floor gave lemonade sat studying rim glass changed annie seen months look paused takes bit getting think adolescents didn bother aunt sylvia thing matter fact don embarrassed noticing true aunt sylvia lot younger mrs weiss twenty looks mrs weiss model wanted wouldn studying ph history columbia university mom dad asked rachel re guess rachel sort hard tell tough aunt sylvia
rachel moving beautiful june sat porch steps waiting feeling hot sun legs breathing mock orange smell reminded summers summer nora run panting took bikes rachel lots things signed ceramics classes summer program sue janie angela sleep party debbie going swimming party boys mother yes fun miss rachel hi annie peter james driveway noticing wearing shirt cutoffs waiting rachel moving city today saying real didn going soon peter steps tan think boys blond look especially tans maybe summer ken bike blue lake wanted surprised noticed getting older sure neat pleased try act cool kenny let peter leaned steps
paul pretended watch grandmother sucked cheeks salted peppered quivering surface poached egg paul hated poached eggs looked alive mother wants tied whichever look ne er business think going offer advice re mistaken thing learned taking bite sit judgment perfect say pointed fork added conviction paul scooped heaping tablespoon cereal ate eyes closed imagining blind tasted cracker jack put sugar milk eyes closed ate figured reached bottom earth gran asked re spilling pretending blind paul wiping spilled milk sleeve drops left bowl put floor flora lick lots didn eat dishes cats washed paul didn mind gran insisted water hot practically took hand germ living withstand temperature water
found snapshot mother father rummaging gran desk looking piece paper draw knew anne doug honeymoon took picture window squinted gran wanted wore glasses privacy home disfiguring father slim dark smiling girl standing looked mother younger night lay bed watching shadows move ceiling thought hear father voice deep pleasant report card son going fishing son matter father called son happened frequently past paul remember heard father voice couldn remember wasn exactly paul ashamed kids finding lived gran wasn looked wouldn wear space shoes cost earth comfortable looked house dressed wasn black satin suit wore wasn bad
gran sat table making shopping list started saying needed loaf bread pound margarine ended sending load stuff difficulty carrying home tell barker want thin noodles thin kind don want re thirty cents don buy wasn convenient wouldn set foot inside place soon rob mother look paul took list tucked pocket barker didn say couldn gran snapped simply robber prices charges tell piece round steak gave tough billy goat handed paul money tell round steak marilyn monroe paul escaped half dark thunder grumbled distance empty stomach scuffed cast candy wrappers bits pieces trash curb looking money found dime luck changed passed arithmetic test expected fail kid street asked play checkers didn boy invited play checkers finding dime luck
paul hall pull miss unkindly head paul lurched room heard freddy whisper rabbit hop rabbit baby hall stretched empty smelled gym suits egg salad sandwiches nice peaceful calm paul heard teachers talking classes kid grader hall putting foot carefully front singing song boy room noticing paul embarrassed known watched presently miss paul nodded trusting voice job story paul think express paper seat paul pass freddy desk freddy intent writing didn notice paul breathed sigh relief soon freddy waiting cohorts side door paul school hey hey rabbit want talk paul thought pretending forgotten desk chance freddy held box licorice
paul ran pain side stop decided barker seeing barker feel eugene counter reading magazine paul wondered reading yesterday hi paul barker wasn sure eugene remembered eugene snorted bank tell squinting looking crafty figure mitts scratch surely canada thought wanted miami beach paul yesterday eugene frowned canada continued possibly stake place uncle sam decides put meat hooks careful uncle sam likes red blooded boys truly montreal swinging town tell maybe toronto minnesota sorta west yellowstone eugene tapped cigarette counter fiercely grudge school aw awful early paul suddenly stuttering soon mean grade rules eugene grandly school feel going urge say
thought morning freddy waiting playground paul seen surrounded friends looked smaller ominous freddy smiled revealing chipmunk teeth hey rabbit going decide talking yesterday decide smile turned teeth disappeared don paul visit mother sunday want sunday mother going bunch things sunday museum zoo saturday rabbit saturday plans freddy spoke slowly distinctly eyes leaving paul face want guys told want put hand paul shoulder paul tried success flinch hand felt weighed ton don forget sleep blast gang waited saturday guess paul stammered moment known exactly going say freddy face friendly terrific corner maple willow clock saturday morning lowering voice bell rung
say took change purse gran city rife pickpockets brush wallet money safe place paul patted breast pocket jacket handkerchief ironed re sure stomach morning terrible recurrence upset train feel fine paul reassured don station gran pursed mouth put lipstick paul knew walk station buy ticket wait train pulled ask conductor eye humiliating age learned ago sense arguing started appointed course straight arrow paul took wallet tenth sure dollar bills christmas planned treating mother art cup coffee soda wanted going getting late miss train call mother gran didn distance telephone call absolutely
art looked surprised didn think elvis presley laughed paul mother art held hands art didn socks paul figured feet freezing didn wear overcoat turned jacket collar paulie re losing mother called crossed street paul walking thinking things say catch attention think pretty interesting guy maybe tell wanting actor couldn throw conversation excuse paul mother linking arms looking art agenda art asked paul paul mother looked paulie museum movies thinking actor big inspired learn starve art baby turned paul mother don drop paddy paul meet pals meet paddy paul asked darling art paddy sunday lot friends want introduce re proud paddy full smoke laughing talking arguing
thing paul monday home school sit write letter gordon lied mother art making lot things actually liked didn think gordon mind lies told taxi ride home joe wore cigarette ear half fare kids sunday signed pal paul tempted add saying don forget write didn gordon wanted write talking force stamp gran pocketbook answered bought postal rates going won able afford mail letters maybe join boy scouts learn send smoke signals gran paul bad idea lit cigarette homework write story english moral miss tuesday says thinks express paper don gran grandmother father side wrote beautiful poetry father worked reporter courier folded
history story tells lived thought history shows groups important tells countries started grown person part history history story change change ideas ways living countries grow greater important person history land history happens place history happened past events happen part history past part present future country history country part happens part important happens space important peoples countries earth history records past records pictures pictures drawn tell important events records stories told parents children records history writings written tell happening records learn events past try learn events meant living early times written records early times called prehistory
italian city venice marco polo lay dying thoughts turned adventures younger faraway lands seen priest watching whispered marco tell stories wrote travels don want confess true marco gasped told true didn tell half saw stories marco polo stories strange europeans thought stories told travels east greatest journeys european marco polo born venice father merchant european crusaders holy land traveled venice gathered supplies city grew wealthy trade trade cities mediterranean sea marco fifteen father uncle returned journey east marco excited return left baby traveled cathay called china traded later marco seventeen polos set trip cathay took journey polos took holy land asia cathay lands cathay
spanish explorers columbus sailed coasts rivers explorer vasco de balboa led narrow strip land reached side discovered ocean ocean pacific spanish explorer ferdinand magellan reached pacific sailing south south america sailed pacific east magellan killed battle ships sailed spain voyage magellan proved round voyage showed american continents part asia europeans knew america spain america explorers reasons coming wanted look spices gold adventure church wanted spread christian religion wanted settle america settlers large amounts land built plantations islands west indies spanish hoped find riches found gold began hear stories beautiful cities indians heard cities riches gold silver jewels hernando cortes mexico search treasure conquered aztecs mexico cortes soldiers destroyed aztec cities took treasure
number english colonies grew quickly number grew colonists needed land settle knew rich land ohio valley colonists wanted cross appalachian mountains settle ohio valley france claimed ohio valley french explored land started fur trade fur trade france wanted ohio valley war began england france nations fought europe colonies war america known french indian war england won war gained ohio valley canada victory started quarrel england colonists lands ohio valley colonists helped england defeat france gain ohio valley war colonists wanted settle ohio valley owned land england want colonists settle ohio valley england protect indians england wanted control land fur trade ohio valley king england gave order settlers move west appalachians defeating france england wanted control colonies english government passed number laws colonies laws controlled trade colonies laws set taxes colonists pay england
today want talk friend chances pick telephone dial number wait hear friend voice abigail smith living small town boston easy sharpen quill pen sit desk write letter writing letters takes patience advantage words carried telephone lost letters remain read abigail today tell thoughts history abigail letters written john adams friend sister mary husband john college studied law interested laws england colonies abigail shared interest letters touch ten miles boston dear friend letters began abigail john married live farm john inherited father john worked farm argued cases law abigail house later child daughter born word english parliament passed stamp act taxing colonies john busy matters government leaving abigail carry home abigail feel living braintree farm growing family
united states able deal nations wanted gain respect nation americans fought bravely war adding louisiana purchase florida helped nation strong united states leader nations united states independent americans start making goods england let colonists manufacture trade england sold goods cloth tools tea colonies colonies produced foods raw materials wheat cotton nation independent americans start manufacturing trading americans pleased nation develop manufacturing trade producing goods nation add wealth colonies belonged england wealth england manufacturing trade nation strong prosperous ideas manufacturing america brought england english inventors found ways spin thread machine samuel slater brought secret machines united states slater group started factory spinning thread factory rhode island americans soon found machines ways slater factory needed lot cotton southern states plenty cotton picking seeds cotton slow job eli whitney invented machine remove seeds cotton
horse going win lived baltimore maryland heard excited say arguing heard answer don sure say locomotive gonna winner locomotive mean iron horse re fool think silly thing beat real horse maybe let baltimore strangest races run race iron horse drawn powerful real horse iron horse course horse small steam engine rails try imagine baltimore lined locomotive signal crowd cheers real horse iron horse stay wait minute iron horse pulling look tiny locomotive fire grows hotter boiler wait minute wrong locomotive pulling stop pulling past locomotive look horse real horse beaten iron horse soon locomotive drags stops steps peter cooper driving look happy explains belt broke locomotive stopped
army wagons rumbled roads led washington creaking noises loud hide sounds moans wounded dying july brought real battle war cries pain drifting crowds streets gave meaning war thousand northern soldiers dead wounded northerners thought union army southerners turn run crowds watching wagons knew politicians generals planned course war learning bitter lesson crowd young woman thirties worked clerk patent office clara barton stood barely feet tall pushing crowd look wagons move move let begged front crowd clara barton stopped short sight wagons noticed road stretching potomac river tents quickly tents group wounded sprawled ground waved hand let drop clara bent held cup water drink
civil war slaves freedom fourteenth fifteenth amendments citizens gave vote reconstruction united states government tried help newly freed black south reconstruction lost freedom rights gained pioneers reasons settling plains trees rainfall plains american explorers called plains american desert pioneers thought lands pioneers settle plains knew indian lands government set plains home hunting ground indians pioneers passed plains mountains deserts settle oregon california pioneers starting settle plains pioneers settle plains cattlemen settlers learned mexican ranchers raise cattle rich grasslands texas cattle ranching grew slowly ranchers cattle markets east building railroads west gave ranchers getting cattle markets ranchers texas found herd cattle plains railroad towns kansas trip texas kansas called drive drive cattle lived grass grew open plains
lieutenant hobson stared darkness caribbean sea command strangest missions assigned united states naval officer blow ship board hobson mission started june war united states spain begun weeks earlier american fleet port santiago spanish island cuba spanish fleet lay anchor harbor santiago americans hit plan blockade spanish fleet keeping bottled inside harbor american ship secretly steam harbor place channel feet wide ship turn block channel ship sunk spanish fleet blocked lieutenant hobson command coal ship merrimac brave crew steaming night enemy harbor santiago hobson continued peer darkness plan mind hundred yards place ship sunk shut engines let ship drift position torpedoes board ship exploded
doctor looked patient noted deep lines thin face knew patient tired tired doctor decided speak mind patient happened president united states began president trip talking worked hard re worn president answered heard doctor plan leave september expecting promises promised war end wars war safe democracy war lasting peace doctor decided say knew president knew talking known stubbornness honesty devotion duty true word president boarded train september stubborn president woodrow wilson led nation victory war war president wilson felt peace end wars believed prevent war countries organization talk things felt important united states join organization called league nations president nation join
americans share prosperity workers paid factories moved places started machines workers lost jobs finding jobs difficult unskilled workers farmers found hard living war american farmers sold surplus crops europe european farmers growing crops american farmers sell crops countries europe begun buying bought goods cost money automobile buy pay later plan plan meant paid money finished paying bought reason americans owed large amounts money invested money stock companies thought stock prices sell stock profit prosperous investing stocks october stock prices started rushed sell stock stock prices borrowed money buy stocks repay invested money stocks lost money prices dropped fall stock prices known stock market crash meant prosperity
dreams future history past thomas jefferson ago feel today called futurists scientific studies course scientific methods predictions guesses exciting studies dreams predictions guesses group futurists fear danger suffering group sees challenges hope group favor let increase population billion earth eat food limit earth supply food starvation wars riots misery lie store futurists claim hold futurists answer scientific farming acre land produce food producing greater animal plant sea ample food supplies argue population keeps growing start colonies orbit earth scientists believe future wars futurists predict newer weapons destroy earth warring nations nuclear bombs radiation lasers beam death rays
checks balances founding fathers called found sharing power branches national government system worked president congress supreme court job checked shared task governing felt system worked granted night june security guard frank wills making rounds watergate building washington matter began small piece tape small frank wills saw door lock merely removed rounds found piece tape lock grew suspicious burglars quietly phoned police surprised act placing bugs listening devices telephones phones offices national headquarters democratic party arrested charged burglary matter forgotten events growing arrests shock nation burglars tried found guilty sentenced prison questions remained unanswered broken democratic headquarters motive working hired break
recent americans bought imported goods items clothes radios television sets bought foreign cars high price gas american cars goods imported payment countries american goods exported countries buyers payments country cost imports compared cost exports called balance payments countries owe equal amount balance payments country owes favorable balance payments owes unfavorable balance payments recent americans imported exported country unfavorable balance payments major products imported nation oil oil comes canada mexico venezuela nigeria saudi arabia kuwait iraq countries import oil cost important part balance payments recent cost foreign oil gasoline rise oil gas prices balance payments unfavorable inflation worse country president carter carried ideas begun president nixon president ford dealing nations encouraged closer ties nation china trade travel friendly communications
tap water safe drink pond water birds fly south winter solar energy collected answer question scientists searching answers questions answers questions ways methods cleaning water increase water supply knowing birds migrate help protect sunlight someday source energy home travel chapter learn scientists search answers science thought parts parts product process science product science consists facts ideas discovered scientists plants grow reproduce planets move sun facts represent product science process science scientists discovering facts finding answers methods scientists study things solve problems measuring experiments kinds methods scientists scientists product process science read books journals obtain facts ideas discovered scientists scientists careful observations events environment experiments test ideas facts result research part product science due process science product changing
left movie theater wondering monsters moved spaceships flew monsters spaceships exist special effects special effects movies create scenes possibly happen real special effects movie makers recreate lost civilizations past create exciting space adventures future movies empire strikes special effects needed scene movie rebel soldiers attacked giant snow walkers sequence events film combined real actors norway models paintings california studio walkers actually miniature models moveable parts special effects ideas movie directors writers actors imagined creating special effects single movie requires team highly skilled technicians engineers computer operators photographers produce desired visual sound effects model builders needed construct plastic scale models range centimeters meters height model built precise specifications smallest detail hours painstaking technicians artists needed film seconds action modern special effects studios variety complex equipment flex camera film scene consisting parts filmed separately computer linked camera camera remember moves part scene filmed precisely
liquid freezes solid water inside freezer ice opposite happens melts melting solid liquid freezing melting kinds physical boiling crushing tearing grinding examples physical change physical change occurs substance form change composition ice liquid water composed water molecules ice molecules slightly farther rigid solid position molecules water slide energy gained lost substance physical change high altitudes ice particles clouds formed directly water vapor water vapor forms solid ice going liquid carbon dioxide gas cooled low temperature high pressure turns solid called dry ice dry ice cool food things warmed dry ice turns gas forming liquid physical change substance directly solid gas gas solid called sublimation substance gain lose heat condenses freezing sublimation boiling physical change frost consists small ice crystals form windows blades grass explain process frost forms cold mornings wet clothes dry hung
object motion momentum momentum product mass object speed mass speed greater momentum momentum truck moving km motorcycle moving speed larger mass truck momentum fast pitched slow pitched softball momentum greater speed fast pitched ball momentum momentum increases mass speed increases momentum object change object gains momentum object loses equal amount momentum law conservation momentum states momentum created destroyed object gains momentum object loses instance roller skaters push roll opposite directions skater larger mass moves slower skater smaller mass momentum skaters equal opposite billiard balls collide gain loss momentum speed ball change total momentum balls change student throws ping pong ball tennis ball hard momentum bullet shot gun momentum arrow shot bow harder stop loaded truck unloaded truck takes kilometer heavily loaded freight train stop
liquids gases fluids forms matter shapeless flow place place water petroleum liquids occur large quantities earth plentiful gases air nitrogen oxygen fluid means substance move change shape separating properties due spaces forces particles liquids gases solid particles fixed rigid positions liquids gases particles farther move fluids flow downhill pulled force gravity pumped pipes liquid boils turns gas expand times original volume boiling water expand times forms water vapor expansion creates force drive steam engine gas expand large volume compressed small space gas expands spaces particles increase particles liquid packed closer particles gas liquid compressed gas particles liquid held forces forces particles liquid surface create surface tension observe surface tension rub grease needle set gently surface water glass dish needle floats forces water molecules spreading allowing needle sink
bob entered plane hour flight flight attendant flight attendants arriving checked passenger areas areas passenger services ready sparkling clean passengers arrival bob remembered passenger treated treat guest home worked bob thought training began talked college counselor applying position airline asked skills personal qualities needed flight attendant important thing liking relating enjoying travel important organizing thoughts communicating clearly excellent physical health groomed appearance important entered training school bob interviewed airline personnel meet height weight requirements needed high school diploma college business training bob met requirements prepared carefully interview thinking answers questions asked talking interviewer bob talked flight attendants asked found enjoyable traveling meeting answer asked difficult felt working irregular hours flights difficult feeling lonely difficult loneliness result staying place
cenozoic era recent began million ago extends present cenozoic era mammals birds plentiful dinosaurs disappeared tertiary period found continents rising inland shallow seas exist fossils show mammals main class animal flowering plants rodents animals left fossil remains tertiary rocks early ancestor modern horse appeared size small dog members camel family roamed north america mastodons mammoths similar modern elephant present end tertiary period rock movements began tertiary period occurring responsible coast range mountains frequent earthquakes california rock movements occurring quaternary period includes present tiny fraction earth history suppose geologic history earth represented days quaternary cover hours days early part quaternary period mastodons woolly mammoths roamed herds flesh eating mammals saber toothed tiger alive species extinct ice ages ice ages occurred times quaternary period huge glaciers flowed south arctic glaciers covered northern portions europe asia north america
sun large amounts energy energy sun called radiation radiation travels earth absorbed scattered atmosphere radiation absorbed earth surface solar energy reaches surface radiated atmosphere carbon dioxide water vapor air absorb energy warming atmosphere heating atmosphere uniform solar radiation strikes earth directly greater warming effect radiation strikes angle solar radiation strikes equator angle close earth warmed region poles angle warming effect lowest sun energy reflected snow ice reducing warming effect poles clouds present sun energy reach surface clouds block reflect energy cloud cover reduces sun heating effect hand clouds night act blanket heat surface prevented escaping outer space temperature air affects density air heated density decreases air equator dense air poles warm air rises due lower density cool air sinks density greater upward downward movements air called convection currents
imagine camping lake scott county music radio suddenly interrupted interrupt program bring special weather bulletin national weather service issued tornado warning scott county threatening weather approach seek shelter immediately weather service severe weather threatens area weather radar source information signal emitted radar antenna strikes storm cloud part signal reflects antenna clouds precipitation reflect signal reflected signal called echo analyzed displayed screen radar screens look television screens display shows position storm display echoes color coded show strength storm red echo severe thunderstorm severe thunderstorms winds faster km large hail frequent lightning severe storms produce tornadoes watching movement echoes severe storm path predicted prediction half hour warning severe storm approach radar predict severe storms produce tornadoes tornado warnings issued tornado forms minutes warning tornado strikes give faster warnings severe storms tornadoes scientists developing radar system system called doppler radar system present weather radar shows position strength storm
organisms plant kingdom wide variety sizes shapes forms palm trees seaweed corn grass dandelions belong plant kingdom products plants wood charcoal cotton paper products animals including depend plants food group organisms belong plant kingdom algae algae celled plants chlorophyll chlorophyll green substance plant cells food chlorophyll makes plants green species algae celled large algae found poles equator species live hot springs temperatures high algae live fresh water ocean protococcus species green algae protococcus grows tree trunks forms green coating bark cells small takes millions cover square centimeters protococcus single round oval cell yeast cell cell wall membrane cytoplasm nucleus protococcus differs yeast chlorophyll food protococcus reproduces fission protococcus cells live colonies cells cell green chloroplasts disc shaped bodies chlorophyll chloroplast food algae live water environments
million species belong animal kingdom animals move oxygen obtain food plants animals animals sponges jellyfish live water honeybees fly air animal species special traits structures species animals cells specialized cell kind job red blood cell carries oxygen muscle cell helps move part animal body specialized cells grouped form tissues blood tissue kinds blood cells muscle tissue muscle cells bone tissue bone cells groups tissues working organs examples organs animal heart lungs eyes ears function organs organs grouped systems systems animals circulatory system digestive system circulatory system moves blood animal digestive system breaks food simpler substances cells systems activities needed animal alive simplest animals sponge sponge body sack cells pores canals chambers sponges attached rocks ocean bottom coast ocean water constantly flows body sponge water sponge obtains food oxygen
catfish toad squirrel kinds animals animals alike important brain skeleton inside bodies animals brain internal skeleton bones animals divided large groups called vertebrates invertebrates vertebrate animal internal skeleton part skeleton case surrounds protects animal brain vertebrates part large phylum called chordates phylum includes fish amphibians reptiles birds mammals skeleton vertebrate supports protects body organs muscles attached skeleton cover provide protection brain spinal cord spinal cord bundle nerves connects brain parts body backbone animal consists bones vertebrae protect spinal cord chapter study features vertebrate animals chapter learned animals invertebrates invertebrates backbone internal skeleton invertebrate animals worms jellyfish soft bodies insects lobsters clams hard exoskeleton protects soft internal body parts vertebrates differ invertebrates fish considered vertebrates jellyfish kind animal think word fish fish vertebrates live water
nearly metric tons topsoil lost erosion united states rainwater loosens washes topsoil winds dry topsoil blow places soil erosion exceeds rate soil formation rainwater run surface soak ground runoff water force carry soil particles slow flow water easily wash loose soil steeper slope faster runoff water travels greater erosion plants protection soil erosion grass stems leaves cover soil surface runoff moves protective carpet grass soil erosion plant roots hold soil particles forest trunks trees exposed roots slow speed runoff water travels slowly carrying force erosion heaviest row crops corn tomatoes beans planted steep slopes row crops grown rows exposed soil rows exposed soil makes pathways runoff field steep runoff travels swiftly rate soil erosion high topsoil ruined ways erosion growing crops removes soil minerals minerals soil mainly minerals present rock soil removal minerals decreases soil fertility soil fertile minerals returned soil rainfall reduces mineral content topsoil
trees stood majestic slope giant scythe swept mountain ground covered thick layer gray ash ash extended kilometers air lakes streams filled mud trees dead animals scene mount st helens eruptions june mountain lifeless wasteland volcanic eruptions affected lives roads towns threatened destruction water levels rose lakes rivers filled mud ash rivers toutle overflowed cut channels landscape trees mud carried swiftly moving river piled bridges destroyed save bridges united states army corps engineers launched largest emergency project undertaken million cubic meters material moved corps engineers mud clogged channel columbia river built dams levies allow water flow freely army corps engineers struggled save rivers lakes united states forest service worked restore land fallen trees removed seedlings planted trees root fertile soil ash ash low nitrogen tractors needed areas clear ash deep seedlings grow trees growing slopes helped control erosion erosion streams began clear
peregrines peregrine falcons hunting birds common alaska canada mexico birds suffered widespread pesticides peregrines absorbed high concentrations pesticide food result females calcium bodies produce strong egg shells young birds hatched older birds died peregrines recognized endangered species peregrine fund established fund research cornell university director research professor tom cade goal encourage peregrines reproduce captivity offspring produced peregrines returned wild peregrines east rocky mountains young peregrines released eastern united states peregrine took residence floor building downtown baltimore maryland scarlett scarlett potential mate named rhett special cage floor scarlett building dead quail cage peregrine courting behavior male presents female food offering scarlett flew rhett cage making courting calls picked quail began eating began staying rhett cage roosting top night scarlett began scraping nest preparing generation rhett produce peregrines mate
person ask questions earth began wonder earth soon wonder earth important ago earth home earth important home asked earth asked question give answer ago india asked earth thought answer india thought earth earth big flat plate earth hangs roof big bowl sun moon stars attached roof move roof earth ideas greece india greece asked question india earth famous greek teacher named thought earth idea earth flat table hangs air water rivers lakes rises air water thinner thinner goes higher higher thin high water suddenly fire stars anaxagoras teacher greece idea earth idea earth huge spinning ball earth spins large stones fly space stones travel hotter hotter stones hot start shine
directions happens sky land shape earth look picture shape table dinner plate ball watched astronauts television seen pictures earth airplane seen earth thousands airplanes astronauts earth picture shows thought earth flat believed earth round ball sailors noticed strange thing pretend sailor watching ships look pictures happens ship closer closer tell shape earth brave explorers decided try sail earth afraid thought think afraid explorers set ships sailed months months going direction place started try globe toy boat explorers prove shape earth hard believe earth
night ideas picture explain night copernicus galileo showed sun earth reason night picture earth earth looks space difference side side sun light shine earth earth shadow part earth shadow night side spaceship earth carry night earth spins top earth spins space word spin rotate earth rotates space earth takes hours full turn full turn called rotation earth rotates carries sun light daytime earth continues turn carries sun light shadow night lin child age lives china china side earth picture awake asleep lin awake asleep picture awake asleep explain move night side side earth moving rotates give night
planets spaceships traveling sun spaceship earth carries passengers earth special support system passengers alive planets carry passengers chart tells things planets list parts earth support system look chart planet earth parts support system planets hot cold animals think living things planets humans explored solar system telescopes astronauts landed moon space probes traveled mercury venus mars jupiter telescopes probes earth learned lives solar system passengers spaceships lives planets tiny plant mean living things look living things star stars look tiny farther planets star look tiny star closer star sun sun star stars night faraway suns sun part group stars called milky
pretending street tee vee hung coats set bag groceries desk appeared carelessly actually careful set bag exactly accidentally reach sat desk told tee vee glad able help daughter fay measles told pets guests bring teaser suggest viewers seeing tune program interesting happen later tee vee tee vee planned say think say fay plenty say talked father show tee vee pictured chatting gaily knowingly imagined friends strangers viewing show hear saying boy program certainly natural listen voice certainly actor sounds intelligent tee vee imagined front cameras happened
lonely days mark anxious fox cub cries heard week don worry father told means beginning enjoy longer needs mark put fox mind surprised snowy owl arctic wolf sealskin collar choking bring sudden death caught willow branch mark gathering driftwood heard young fox yips floating distance held breath faint young foxes share heard yips heart beat faster sure matter minutes crossed river kayak find told scrambled bank collar soon going small chance stirred tundra fowls marshes sign heard distant wash sea honking noisy flocks winging black speck formations
mason principal benny school breakfast wearing worried look dear wife finished breakfast believe going trying trying mason wife called husband mason yes mason feel going trying pack headache pills case sure going need schedule mason flipped open black book marked schedule activities yes yes april morning assembly lunch parent teachers committee half holiday circus april fool circus dear dear feel headache coming mason wore worried look face school children marched school assembly tune march wooden soldiers pledged allegiance flag united states america sung school song garnet grey forever mason short speech assembly morning began morning girls boys girls boys chorus responded morn ing ma son
rod waiting sidewalk furious impatience demanded waiting hours edward shrugged matter plenty plenty matter wth listen edward let tugged edward shirt sleeve started street school bell edward don care school bit surprised words realized true didn care positively didn want martin gang worry afternoon looked elm barkham waiting greet today frowned trudged feet dragging heart dragging felt dragged standstill heard rod saying listening rod loudly yeah start listen re bad folks listen saying listen saying listens listen asking mother week pecan pie says sure don wake baby
nathan cathcart sat upright bed heart pounding ears rang pistol shot awakened frozen road base hill clatter hoof beats hurry window heavy object struck front door causing house tremble open king harsh vibrant voice added aye quick nathan felt throat contract vividly aware isolated farmhouse thought mother longed comforting presence door hostile british soldiers doubt teeth chattering boy hastily clothes steep narrow stairway reached door jarred succession powerful blows threatened splinter called shaking voice soon find waiting longer nathan drew heavy oak bar lifted latch rush cold air door swung front stood british scarlet uniforms glimpse hill leading horses house demanded doorway spoke strode inside live mother nathan replied tonight norfolk nurse aunt ill
eighteen twenties indiana baby forests tall trees tangled underbrush darkened bright plains sunny hills stood bank big blue river cozy log cabin rooms front immediately water edge steep slope ten twelve feet house mile mile stretched deep dark forest inhabited deer bears wolves wildcats squirrels birds number river fish numerous beg boys catch crowded quarters south house stood log barn room horses cows enclosing barn piece ground palisade fence ten feet high driving poles ground close enclosure farmer stock consisting sheep cattle chickens geese ducks driven nightfall save varmints prowling animals called settlers built log hut lived owned adjoining land write bore brent son hero bear story tell brent young wife moved blue river settlement north carolina young boy age
side river joan knew large camp english soldiers joan directed letter page written dictation challenging group english withdraw food supplies refused wrote attack felt doubt enemy beaten easily ferry supplies straight river shortest route range fortified bridge joan orleans discovered changed plans commanders french care orders low birth called joan french officers envious friendship obey orders ignorant peasant girl let orleans starve plan unlike joan start south bank sailing boats carry supplies upstream miles village point hoped enter orleans arousing english big thing wrong plan succeed wind blowing direction wind blow upstream joan river wind blowing straight downstream blowing direction days river strong tricky currents sailing boats impossible
ten leadership toussaint war ordinary daily goes soldiers fighting haiti haiti changed ten burned ravaged divided land full hatred savagery peaceful happy highly organized country toussaint problem country feet economically thoroughness hurry instituted military rule plantations field hands regarded soldiers allowed leave battalions permission foreman plantation owners officers discipline maintained general army put charge district fair system distribution profits workers quarter produce whipping coercion allowed worker couldn easiest laziest thing cultivate plot big estates country produce efficiently white owners didn estates turned government run higher officers army owners help willingly putting country feet toussaint rule country blacks country began pride
alexander marched babylon master persia soldiers tramping begun city susa king palace found piles gold persepolis capital finest palace persia lay gold silver load hundreds mules camels gold hear darius fleeing caspian sea alexander let catch side mountain stream chariot drawn mules alexander found king kings darius misfortunes ended dead officers order bessus leader pierced spears left despised king defend country bactria ordered alexander told bessus riding wild country fought country macedonians knew ahead lay faraway unknown countries fanciful tales want grumbled left greece tired marching fighting rest talk victories king changed calls king persia likes wear silly pants robe funny persians manly helmet armor greeks
april date set start west knew messrs russell majors word concerned date set met date met clear let pony express leavenworth times headline spread front page ready eastern end hard muscled young horseman spirited mare waiting st joseph railroad station excited crowd milled mail york due clock quick hands carry train waiting rider gallop stretch mile journey bad news train held detroit eastern connection late horseflesh ready steam steel failed johnson william richardson sailor hopped mare won honor start drawing lots picked stood feet weighed pounds weather hardened face look older twenty slumped wall rough frame station half dozing hardened constant action learn trick resting free moment ready detail ride wore red flannel shirt tucked light blue pantaloons
asked favorite part town straightaway answered harbor answer certainly gayest brightest harbor waters thickly clustered hundreds rowing sailing boats painted colors rich colors red yellow orange green blue white brightest save sun reduced tint paler lovelier hue addition boat painted scheme combination colors patterned flowers fishes formal designs boat carried boldly lettered bow musical names carmelita finally boat custom painted side bow large unblinking eye tell weather conditions fishing impossible occasions harbor crammed boats moored seemingly endless lines bobbing tiny impatient horses myriad dancing wriggling shimmering reflections water million touches color sea longer basin liquefied rainbows poured sky harbor place movement bustle boats setting open sea returning laden wooden boxes wicker baskets beautiful silvery fish
stepped door square blue house stepped flat roof pink house snuggled close steep hillside island city upper small square adobe houses rose steeply giant stairways white gray apricot rose blue wearing league boots easily roofs steps climb city lower aegean water front church topped hill upper lacking league boots friends climb homes narrow stone streets stairs counted hundred stone steps school home top hill hundred steps bothered friends proud tell fathers fathers fathers hundred climbed stone steps loved hear stories crusaders settled hill island high pirates sailed aegean sea walked roof square pink house hands shaded brown eyes bright sunshine looked blue aegean sea red sail freighter sea sail sight looking asked voice nearby
trouble smooth going light wind scarcely moved boat sail hung limp suddenly whack deck riley woke nap taking hard island sail asked boom nearly hit catch wind head dodged wind pretty light doctor shook head slow going riley sat annoyed home hungry wouldn doctor moving slowly patient eat riley outraged let tiller riley pushed tiller speed order leaned look rudder look look yelled fish big head rudder quick need fish leaped idea skipper doctor tied sail couldn swing catch light breeze baited hooks minute riley fish aboard fish riley licked chops want bite wish eat raw doctor hungry bad riley care
doctor harmonica loved play tunes riley errand soon riley heard sound music put head air sang voice louder harmonica doctor hear tunes riley couldn help singing soon heard music didn fell happy sad strange feeling lift head sing scale top lungs loud roof doctor liked kind music riley saw doctor put harmonica pocket shuddered trouble thought leave thing home sailing peace doctor read seals music wanted find bay seals gathered morning riley hear snorting barking trying dogs couldn noise doctor headed boat seal cove listen riley sounded firm want noise morning play harmonica seals experiment want interference riley didn exactly meant slightest desire sing
lovely morning doctor riley strolled mail mailbox air sharp edge winter corner riley feel climb spruce tree vacation riley sorry doctor riley yapped chipmunk kind nice quiet night sleep city wonder patients soon found mailbox letter saying wanted hospital doctor hurry patients didn need anyway sammy worried mother stayed limp wouldn stay limp riley racing steam doctor closing things winter lot easy riley begin sailboat let sail haul took turns sailing boat light breeze riley liked leaned tiller comfort watched move easily quiet water boat boat sail riley
father uncle mack led side pasture found trail led rocks began climb uncle mack knew father judy danny hard climb times stopped rest danny heard uncle mack call point moment top high rock biggest rock danny seen pointed juniper canyon big flat arrowhead look judy miles miles danny looked canyon sides steep rocky bottom canyon juniper trees pines cedars oaks bare spots pastures trees wild horses asked judy yes uncle mack don judy danny look bare spot father brought field glasses put eyes horses danny coming trees father horses uncle mack looked field glasses big herd thirty horses judy looked glasses makes look big don look beautiful wild
dusk started home saw ceased whine silence immense wonderful hear rustling trees stood straight air suddenly hummocky place joe clutched marly arm warning laid hand hard mouth whispering lucky saw yelled saw deer joe whispered look bumpy standing huge bushy tail straight red fox stood looking hill paw lifted puppy paying attention leaped suddenly hummock stood looking sun weird light fox shine marly joe didn move fox finally sound looking colored shadow fox slipped hummock disappeared ravine brook bet den joe voice low walked walked easy knew learned indians walked marly couldn hear past ten yards wanted call don sight joe dark starting strange light eerie night fell maple mountain
fish head cat raggedy patched scratched cat tip chewed tail fish head proud island knew seeing pound waterfront stolen fish head dripping mouth called fish head butcher waterfront market called ding blasted liver loving thief threw potatoes vegetable counter waterfront windows fish head sat dock moonlight nights howled sky called public nuisance dirty wharf cat threw empty milk bottles shoes tin cans fish head quicker butcher quicker windows liked liked liked kind cat drizzly saturday night fish head liked chasing rat fat grandfather rat knew waterfront fish head alleys started raced shadows flung corners skidded doorways fire escapes roof tops tail streaming ears flattened fish head tail lengths reached waterfront market
hammer hand hammer mind stood small rise land looked river bigger passed stronger stronger looked river saw river steamer train black smoke curling smokestacks big black smoke curls twists big black muscle real takes big black muscle river steamer docks boss asked want boss reply wants job job tell straight boss don tell jobs john henry answered smile pointing thumb john henry turned boss coughed boss turned cap boss john henry yes job cap boss asked jobs jobs cap boss told jobs answered sharply turning john henry stood silent
indian camp lived boy parents poor ponies boy fond ponies sat bank creek boys watering boy mind pony crossed creek wood built corral took quantity sticky mud corral ponies mud white clay put head white faced boy happy morning corral carried mud ponies creek dipped noses water took corral heaped grass green cottonwood shoots took care real ponies boy mud ponies found crumbled dust felt bad cried took care left white face morning boy corral broke camp buffalo hunt boy parents looked find place camp
young girl greece face pale fair eyes big blue hair gold cared morn till noon sit sun spin cared noon till night sit shade weave fine fair things wove loom flax wool silk worked hands cloth thin soft bright parts cloth rare flax wool silk warp rays sunlight woof threads gold girl sat sun span sat shade wove yarn fine mine cloth soft smooth silk bright rare taught spin weave asked taught learned sat sun shade showed athena queen air taught
cow led peaceful fights pears sailing past horns worst thing troubled bitten flies course tail julie special care father orleans julie opened shed door morning drove cow pasture graze julie wet days carried moss shed chew especially liked moss hung live oak trees look eat taste julie milk cow louis granny neighbor named john paul milking return fresh milk family milk julie cow known julie thought large brown eyes looked julie gently stamped hoofs swished tail julie nearby julie charm cow mother yes julie likes cow agreed granny ride knew cow let ride true julie ride horse mule
named dionisio afraid happened indian grown course supposed afraid especially indians heard frightened indian dionisio lived hut woods mexico mexican indian neighbors lived village scattered valley huts huts bigger owners rich mountains dionisio feel safe big lovely peaceful afraid mountains dark full evil things feel rocks inside running hiding instance morning felt shape began run shape ran saw running ran harder ran afraid shape yes course shadow dionisio realized stop breath silly hit head hands lived village knew dionisio brave afraid ran split cat laughed
word commanded professor talking calmly took firm grip dismissed questioned friedrich wait gustav comes hotel makes report emil proposed professor bellboy yes agreed emil gateway stood boy green livery rakish green cap angle head waved slowly strolled nearer swell uniform thunder enviously bring news spy gustav called professor boy close nodded yes happened asked emil eagerly suddenly horn tooted green boy jumped lost senses laughing emil called dumb course wasn bellboy gustav green rascal scolded emil jokingly laughed houses court opened window shouted quiet magnificent professor quieter gentlemen gustav sit tell movie cat laugh listen slunk hotel saw bellboy standing gave high sign
woods pitch black dark maybe frightened cody wasn knew woods kentucky mountains dark didn worry bit course preferred home milt didn intend waste wishing place couldn decide spend night wasn sleepy wasn bedtime wasn cold midsummer wasn hungry cram jam full favorite food things wasn main thing tired bumping trees speck daylight vanished cody sighted log cabin lived knew lived thing light window thing smoke looping chimney thing moving inside cabin cody found putting ear crack logs listening couldn hear sound home tonight says cody mighty proud cleverness climbs steps door absolutely completely sure inside knocks loudly answer mighty surprised course answer
jane grabbed gingerbread ran join rufus joe barn gettin ready tonight asked bet joe sylvie ghost re goin put attic scare peter frost tonight jane sucked breath teeth ooh think ghost attic sure peter frost sure joe ghosts ha ha ghosts thing sure attic ghost say asked jane ghost nothin say don believe house clock show busy rufus energetically carve head ghost going pumpkin head joe dark corner barn fetched beautiful pumpkin head set digging startling face worked reviewed grudges peter frost plenty high score remember rufus fall hitching post remember told jane put mouth hole fence give piece candy gave mouthful sand
hundred ago lived ireland farmer named brady richest farmer countryside mother alive death hired woman house sorrows seek house clean meals ready sixes housekeeper entered home grew poorer poorer money melted snow south bank killed sheep meat lasted housekeeper declared eaten bit wasted things vexed poor greatly felt sure housekeeper stole money meat laid plan catch county fair telling housekeeper need expect home night hurried business clock striking twelve crept softly house peeped window sight met eyes twenty women gathered table roast sheep land knew meat money stood watched till eaten sight
jungle began narrow strip beach thick dark damp scary jungle father knew crawled wahoo bush think ate tangerines thing decided find river dragon tied bank thought river flows ocean able find easily walk beach father walked sun rose ocean rocks dangerous stay guarded daytime found clump tall grass sat took rubber boots ate tangerines eaten twelve seen tangerines island risk running eat father slept woke late afternoon heard funny voice saying queer queer dear dock mean dear dear queer rock father saw tiny paw rubbing knapsack lay mouse mouse hurried muttering smell mean tell father waited minutes started beach dark afraid mouse tell
father waved rhinoceros busy notice drink farther brook waded trail heard angry animal roaring ding blast told blackberrying yesterday won learn mother say father crept peered small clearing ahead lion prancing clawing mane snarled full blackberry twigs clawed worse madder grew yelled yelling father trail clearing decided crawl edge underbrush disturb lion crawled crawled yelling grew louder louder reach trail side yelling suddenly stopped father looked saw lion glaring lion charged skidded stop inches lion yelled father elmer elevator think re going going home father think lion ordinarily save afternoon tea happen upset hungry eat picked father front paws feel fat
father crossing fifteenth crocodile lollipops noise monkeys suddenly stopped hear bigger noise getting louder hear furious tigers raging rhinoceros seething lions ranting gorilla countless screeching monkeys led extremely irate wild boars yelling trick trick invasion dragon kill kill crowd bank father fixing seventeenth lollipop crocodile heard wild boar scream look crocodiles bridge father leaped bank wild boars jumped crocodile father didn moment spare dragon realized father coming rescue ran bushes jumped yelling hurry boar coming crocodiles re coming hurry hurry noise simply terrific father ran dragon took sharp jackknife steady boy steady stand told dragon began saw big rope boars tigers lions rhinoceros gorilla countless screeching monkeys crocodiles lot rope cut
investigating begins observing observing senses find hear smell taste touch things find information called observation course senses need help tiny things microscope observing tell try accurate honest easy sounds unfortunately hear want hear report think seen heard observers careful sure feelings affect observations science observation fully accepted repeated times microscopes scientific instruments help observe questions nearly scientists observe thing scientists investigate ask questions questions asked closely related observed biologists ask questions living things observe biology sciences ask questions important thing ask questions question question related observed question stated clearly misunderstanding asked
cell membrane important part cell membrane regulates goes cell cell needs food tiny particles food inside cell inside food broken mitochondria food wastes respiration leave cell cell filled materials needed food entering cell wastes leaving cell pass cell membrane cell membrane important think happen cell cell membrane cytoplasm cell watery cell membrane thin plants animals shape animals cells cells soft animals shape frog kinds cells cells soft animal keeps shape looks frog keeps shape bones kinds animals bones kinds animals shells kinds hard parts help animals shape plants bones shape reason plant cells thick cell wall cell membrane
look picture page put shells groups based color put groups based shape size groups shells color shape size classifying putting things groups entire chapter classifying classifying living things shells classifying living things classifying chapter help understand scientists classify living things living things named biologists biologists classify living things john ray ideas naming classifying living things ideas linnaeus naming classifying living things things discover kind living thing give living thing look figure say animal picture cat french student say chat germany spain language kind animal names animal problems problems caused look figure bird left called robin england bird called robin united states
group nonvascular plants celled algae live water seaweeds plants celled algae green pigment called chlorophyll cells sunlight food chlorophyll kinds celled algae pigments looking green algae show brown red celled algae divided groups based kinds pigments celled algae roots stems leaves large seaweeds part looks stem part called stipe seaweeds flat part looks leaf part called blade parts true stem true leaf water carrying food carrying tissues kinds algae part called holdfast holdfast fastens plant shell rock water kinds celled algae brown algae red algae green algae largest kinds brown algae known kelp float ocean surface stripes blades parts called air bladders air bladders help plants float red algae grow ocean floor red algae found growing meters feet water surface
winter approaches areas cold winters notice plants stay green plants called evergreens sign plant winter landscape kinds plants lose leaves fall evergreens stay green lose leaves lose evergreens leaves stay plant pines spruces firs cedars evergreens noticed cold weather areas gymnosperms gymnosperms seed plants seeds gymnosperms covered seeds protected kind fruit seeds gymnosperms grow cones parts gymnosperms called cone bearing plants reading studying chapter learn deal kinds gymnosperms find answers questions gymnosperms grow important conifers families conifers pines form seeds cycle kinds conifers differ cycle pine common important gymnosperms living today conifers cone bearing plants conifers tall trees bushes cones conifers needlelike scalelike leaves kinds conifers evergreens
think walk florist shop chances think flowers nearly plants florist shop flowering plants fact plants flowering plants flowering plants orchids sunflowers roses tulips large colorful flowers flowering plants flowers flowering plants flowers tiny green plants wheat corn maple trees oak trees flowers kind seen hawthorn bloom flowers tiny gymnosperms flowering plants angiosperms seed plants remember seeds gymnosperms covered seeds grow cones parts contrast seeds flowering plants covered protected fruit kinds flowering plants reading chapter learn kinds flowering plants course possibly learn kinds learn groups flowering plants important main parts flower smallest known flower scientists parts flower describe kinds flowers gymnosperms flowering plants seed plants roots stems leaves vascular tissues flowering plants cones flowers flowers produce seeds flowering plants
spiders mites ticks scorpions arthropods insects think spiders mites ticks scorpions called arachnids arachnids land animals simple eyes antennae legs body arachnid parts head thorax combined part part abdomen small arachnids mites ticks parts easy arachnids carnivorous animals capture arthropods suck body juices seen fly trapped spider web fly body empty shell body fluids inside fly sucked spider mites ticks parasites parasites plants animals mites play important part forming soil present numbers rich soil scorpions known poisonous sting end abdomen large stinger stinger getting food protecting sting scorpions dangerous mexico north africa children die stung sting kills adult sting scorpions fatal sting bee class arthropods
chapter unit animals noticed chapter kinds animals studied familiar true chapter birds mammals animals matter live birds bird animal feathers birds pets mammals mammal animal feeds young milk mammals pets dogs cats gerbils mammals farm animals cows pigs horses mammals seen kinds birds mammals characteristics birds mammals groups animals find studying chapter learn lot familiar familiar birds mammals difference birds animals studied regard body temperature kind structure birds birds migrate big difference birds animals studied birds warm blooded animals studied cold blooded body temperature cold blooded animals surroundings cold blooded animals live air temperature stays freezing point water periods
think living things protected sympathy concern species wonder sympathy concern extend living things sharks poison ivy poison oak coyotes snakes mosquitoes earth place species earth place mean difficult questions answer protecting animals plants affects lives lot controversy think case coyotes sheepherders coyotes live parts country sheep raised sheepherders rid coyotes coyotes kill sheep sheepherders depend sheep income losing sheep losing pay number hours loss sheep problems worse coyotes attack lambs ewes female sheep valuable sheep sheepherders ways kill coyotes works poison recently law passed saying poison public land public land land belongs government person land sheep raising areas public land law sense sheepherders say lost defense coyotes
ecology study interrelationships environment deals interactions living things interactions living things environment animals forest act plants forest plants animals interact physical features environment air soil sunlight wind rainfall person learn things plants animals observing interactions german scientist ernst haeckel word ecology ago formed word combining greek words word oikos means house word means science study think ecology meaning think house general think house environment living thing scientists study ecology called ecologists ecologists try understand makes ecosystem study interactions ecosystem study populations food chains environment learn ways energy flows ecosystem ecologists study air soil water ecosystem study cycles land air read chapter find ecologists begin understand live ecologists interactions living things nonliving things important
study ecology learn problems today problems natural resources things nature resources replaced renewable trees lumber renewable resource trees planted allowed grow resources nonrenewable oil earth able proper natural resources important past resources wasted conservation practice protecting resources wasted wise resources important idea conservation resources wasteful ways soil air water important natural resources important ways stopping erosion needs conserve air wise water involve living things important natural resources food eat comes plants animals living things depend turn natural resources living things need food soil air water soil air water high list valuable natural resources
think ways muscles walk run smile lift things addition muscles ways muscles pump blood body muscles help breathe muscles help bite chew swallow muscles help digest food move food stomach intestines order things body muscles able control movement muscles muscles control bend finger raise arm lower control movements think happen control movements muscles think stopping heart think hard stopping heart heart continues beat jobs muscles control kinds muscle person body kind job controlled looks viewed microscope kind muscle called skeletal muscle skeletal muscles move parts body look small piece skeletal muscle microscope shown figure picture shows number muscle cells muscle skeletal muscles connected bones
wanted happened past look history book suppose happened books write books find looking scientists found records prepared books printed records rock earth records tell history earth living things earth chapter look records past records include kinds plants animals longer live earth records include known early lived earth fossils carbon dated fossils potassium argon dated eras geologic scale era tell buildings buildings built buildings age fossil easy heard fossils million wonder scientists age fossils elements carbon potassium mixture isotopes atoms element chemically alike atoms weight atoms element element carbon atoms atomic weight carbon atoms atomic weight carbon
contact living things trees flowers birds cats part environment fungi monerans protists living things learned chapter living things alike ways living thing carries activities functions order stay alive lifetime living thing mentioned food carry metabolism order release energy food respond environment reproduce ways living things similar living things similar ways carry metabolism grow respond environment need reproduce important questions answered chapter living things need supply energy metabolism difference digestion cell respiration important living things carry metabolism automobile earth supply energy running energy gasoline diesel fuel gasohol matter kind automobile large small automobile energy running properly supply energy needed living things energy needed ameba surrounds food
articles genetic engineering frequently newspapers magazines genetic engineering experiments change genes traits inherited experiments called recombinant dna experiments scientists discovered enzymes change genetic code dna molecule enzymes clip section dna molecule clipped section transplanted dna molecule species genetic engineers molecules seen ordinary microscope dramatic genetic engineering materials human growth hormones insulin materials large scale utilizing bacteria altered produce materials skill developed scientists able transplant healthy section defective gene diseases diabetes kinds cancer caused faulty genes someday cured process scientists able introduce traits plants animals silkworms produced spin longer lasting silk fibers fibers brilliant colors effects aging reduced animals genetic engineering pros arguments favor genetic engineering cons negative arguments genetic engineering desirable effects genetic engineering afraid things happen wrong experiments wrong reasons
historians sources learn past important sources written records inscriptions letters diaries newspapers written records existed written records earlier times scholars term prehistory describe period writing invented learn prehistory unwritten records buildings pottery bone historians scientists unravel mysteries prehistoric evidence prehistory special interest archaeologists scientists find analyze objects left early objects called artifacts include shaped human beings tools pottery weapons archaeology branch anthropology anthropologists artifacts bone fragments study physical characteristics ways organize societies scientists interested prehistory geologists find fossils evidence plant animal preserved rock fossils show types plants animals existed detectives archaeologists piece scientists discover form picture past evidence uncovered picture archaeologists part task search evidence early find site area think early lived excavate dig site uncover artifacts analyze artifacts find draw conclusions
peoples invaded fertile crescent group invaders brought culture adopted achievements conquered period peoples fertile crescent significant contributions civilization older sumerian city states declined akkad city north rose power sargon soldier humble origins established empire recorded history empire reaching southern mesopotamia mediterranean sea sargon proclaimed lord quarters title adopted later conquerors including alexander talented ruler sargon repaired extended flood control irrigation systems mesopotamia armies protect trade caravans traveling fertile crescent sumerian civilization exerted powerful influence empire language differed sumerian conquerors adopted cuneiform writing scribes translated sumerian religious scientific literary works result akkadians absorbed sumerian religious beliefs ideas government society later rulers lacked sargon abilities civil war resumed city states mesopotamia ur ruler ur reunited city states ur compiled known code laws code summarized sumerian ideas justice emphasizing king duty protect correct existing wrongs groups nomadic peoples invaded mesopotamia attacking river valley cities
sixth century events took place middle east greatly affect greek read chapter cyrus began carve empire persia successors gradually extended persian empire indus valley black sea cyrus conquered greek city states coast asia minor greek city states remained largely governing persian rule peoples coastal cities accepted situation city miletus revolted aftermath uprising greek attack persia miletus led greek cities asia minor powerful persian empire appealed mainland greeks help athens small city ships despite aid rebel cities crushed persians herodotus wrote history persian wars persian king darius learned athenian intervention swore revenge ordered servant repeat master remember athenians darius launched attack aegean sea teach greeks lesson main persian force landed plain marathon athens called neighbors help received support outnumbered athenians won stunning victory persians according legend pheidippides runner athenian army chosen carry news victory athens
early middle ages farming methods primitive inefficient planting peasants tossed seeds plowed fields grateful birds greedily ate fill plants grew yields low gradually adopted methods technology result manor economy western europe developed efficient farming system improvements agriculture began widespread important advance field system method crop rotation manor large fields autumn peasants planted field winter crop wheat rye spring planted field summer crop oats peas beans barley left field fallow uncultivated allow soil rest crops rotated field left fallow field system efficient earlier farming systems spread planting harvesting wear soil crops especially peas helped improve peasant diet addition planting crops peasants reduced risk starvation disease wiped crop inventions increased food production heavy plow turn dense moist soils northern europe invention horseshoe harness meant horses plowing horses plowed faster oxen peasants cultivate land produce food
french kings reuniting western part charlemagne empire eastern central regions fell turmoil eastern region present germany charlemagne heirs lost power local lords called dukes carolingian died powerful dukes elected dukes king elected monarch ruled lands power dukes duke saxony otto chosen king soon tried gain control german dukes extended power central region charlemagne empire northern italy order centralize power germany otto developed close ties church appointed educated clergy advisors supported church missionary exchange otto gained appoint german bishops archbishops support dukes ties church led otto invade italy protect pope powerful roman nobles addition otto claimed northern italy marriage adelaide widow italian king pope crowned otto emperor romans otto claimed successor charlemagne leader christendom lands ruled otto heirs known holy roman empire otto coronation lasting consequences german emperors deeply involved italian affairs supported reforms church fallen corrupt influences intervened ensure election able popes
powerful empires trading states flourished widely separated areas africa reflected diversity african geography peoples cultures bend upper nile kingdom kush developed ancient egypt active trade grew kingdoms merchants kush traded ivory gold ebony wood perfumes products egypt mediterranean traded extensively indian ocean kings queens kush riches trade build large walled palaces huge temple sun burial pyramids king led armies north conquered egypt successors ruled empire stretching mediterranean today ethiopia eventually retreated south assyrians armed weapons iron invaded egypt iron lost kush soon learned plentiful supply iron ore kush supported large iron industry capital meroe huge mounds glittering black slag waste product iron making lie ruins meroe kush declined southern neighbor axum grew power kush axum carried thriving trade mediterranean asia traders brought gold ivory animal hides interior africa ports red sea
conquistadores gave spain colonial empire spectacular wealth spain swept center european politics powerful hapsburg dynasty inherited spanish throne hapsburgs dukes austria carefully arranged marriages gradually acquired empire larger days ancient rome favorite hapsburg saying took note policy wage war happy austria marry hapsburg empire reached greatest size charles ruled charles inherited spain empire americas grandparents ferdinand isabella grandparents inherited austria netherlands german princes elected charles holy roman emperor title added prestige emperor elected ruler limited power small kingdoms independent cities holy roman empire ruling hapsburg lands proved difficult early reign charles protestant reformation began germany devout catholic charles tried force german princes respect pope authority princes independent cities resisted attempts restore religious unity read chapter charles eventually accepted peace augsburg allowed german prince determine official religion territory spain charles gained respect subjects diplomacy shrewd power
unlike european monarchs english kings queens limits power obliged respect tradition ruler obey law deal parliament english parliament won important rights parliament approved taxes passed laws proposed monarch advised monarchs monarchs power parliament named officials judges summoned dismissed parliament conducted foreign policy monarchs headed church england tudor rulers henry viii daughter elizabeth forceful personalities recognized relations parliament henry recall sought obtained parliament approval establish church england elizabeth cautious policy dealings parliament lived simply ask money clearly established rights monarch scolded parliament interfering matters felt concern knew quiet offend parliament reign elizabeth popular queen managed maintain balance exercising power parliament preserved unity stability elizabeth died direct heir english throne passed stuarts ruling family scotland james vi scotland traveled south london crowned james england knew english politics james meaning ruler scholar
face domestic foreign threats national convention took drastic action set constitution approved created committee public safety committee public safety dictatorial powers waged brutal campaign considered enemies france campaign known reign terror lasted july july robespierre led committee public safety reign terror determined create republic virtue country assures welfare individual individual enjoys pride prosperity glory country robespierre utterly honest dedicated ideals inflexible narrowminded believed ruthless enemies committee public safety agents france help local revolutionary committees uncover traitors law suspects declared suspected arrested conduct relations remarks writings vague law allowed revolutionary courts imprison condemn citizens evidence reign terror trials held daily france women children condemned guillotine queen marie antoinette victim nobles clergy guillotine victims commoners including peasants laborers shopkeepers merchants ruthlessness terror effect revolts subsided committee public safety dealt threat foreign invasion organizing nation war
prussian victory france bismarck assumed difficult task binding german empire prussian junkers uncomfortable german empire feared losing traditional privileges catholics distrusted protestant prussians liberals socialists disliked bismarck conservatism forces disunity observers predicted quick break german empire observers underestimated political skills bismarck german empire called reich constitution reich established federation union states federation included states governed hereditary king prince archduke duke rulers appointed representatives upper house parliament called bundesrat lower house called reichstag elected male citizens age constitution appeared create representative government appearance deceiving bundesrat veto decision reichstag emperor chancellor chief minister controlled votes bundesrat determine decisions political power rested firmly hands emperor chancellor start prussia dominated reich william king prussia emperor appointed bismarck chancellor german empire closely resembled authoritarian militaristic prussian prussians appointed top positions government empire prussian tradition compulsory military service extended empire prussian officers charge army
vasco da voyage english french portuguese dutch merchants established trade india read chapter europeans posed threat indian rulers mogul empire height power mid mogul empire collapsing able mogul emperors ruled powerful empire empire suffered lack strong rulers government efficiency declined provincial governors increasingly independent early days mogul empire hindus muslims rallied emperor emperor prestige faded war broke religious groups addition growing number saw mogul government extravagant oppressive mid rival indian princes competed power europeans took advantage internal struggles advance india mogul empire collapsed french british trading companies battled control trade india english east india company successfully promoted interests subcontinent east india company founded joint stock company aim money selling indian products cotton cloth silk sugar jute markets rivalry france turmoil mogul empire threatened profits east india company increasingly involved political military affairs outbreak war europe robert employee east india company raised army led french outposts india
winning independence nations latin america concentrated solving internal problems nations faced external threats spain asked allies europe help reconquer colonies prince metternich austria willing support spain britain united states opposed intervention latin america britain united states reasons opposing intervention latin america britain wanted bolster trade newly independent nations return spanish rule prevent commercial ties united states recognized independence latin american nations early wanted prevent european countries regaining influence western hemisphere british asked united states joint declaration european intervention latin america american president james monroe decided statement annual message congress december monroe announced policy united states intended follow latin america american continents monroe declared henceforth considered subjects future colonization european powers policy known monroe doctrine stated governments declared independence maintained consider european intervention manifestation unfriendly disposition attitude united states united states lacked military strength enforce policy britain agreed principle monroe doctrine let european powers prepared strong navy prevent foreign intervention latin america
age imperialism southeast asia today thailand european colonies japanese troops overran southeast asia early war ii japanese faced opposition nationalist groups end war ii nationalist groups strong resist return colonial rulers thailand regained independence soon japanese troops withdrew road independence varied nations southeast asia united states promised independence philippines early war ii united states moved quickly fulfill promise july philippines celebrated independence constitution set framework democratic government demand land reform philippines grew government began break large estates redistribute land peasants peasants believed government moving slowly fighting broke government soldiers peasants seized estates wealthy landowners unrest prompted philippine president ferdinand marcos declare martial law temporary rule military martial law individual rights limited marcos eventually ended military rule issued constitution greatly increased power president southeast philippines islands known europeans dutch east indies netherlands ruled islands led nationalists resisted dutch efforts reestablish control war ii
latin american nations sought meet social economic problems political solutions political solutions failed governments blamed leaders thrown office government occurred peaceably violence argentina experienced government violent political instability results part deep divisions latin american nations groups political left differ reform needed direction reform conservative groups wealthy industrialists landowners want preserve traditional economic system basis wealth power conservative groups support military military officers generally middle class oppose reforms threaten traditional order political left urban workers rural poor students intellectuals favor swift sweeping reforms goals include wages working conditions housing leftists support socialism call nationalization industries domestic foreign owned members middle class favor kind reform fear uprising poorer classes destroy middle class divided want moderate reform carried number support left call radical change high unemployment overcrowded city slums rural poverty contributed growing support leftist groups
major advances science occurred researchers solved age puzzles chemistry physics biochemistry medicine solving puzzles technological advances revolutionized lives war ii research scientists worked generally interested pure science developing theories events natural left applied science putting findings practical engineers technicians war ii research scientists physicists chemists worked alongside technicians develop weapons medicines technologies needed win war combination pure applied science produced important results team british scientists developed radar device radio waves detect objects united states group scientists working constructed atom bomb war experts science technology continued solve complex problems governments spent large sums pay scientific research development addition industries invested billions dollars scientific research research resulted thousands products inventions advances science technology dramatically evident area space exploration war ii german scientists working wernher von braun developed rockets weapons rocket guided missile launched london bases germany war german rocket specialists soviet union
martian named valentine michael smith human expedition mars selected theory greatest danger founding human colony luna interplanetary trip humans free fall orbits terra mars hundred fifty days return hundred fifty days waiting mars planets crawled positions return orbit refueling space station envoy trip mars return crash water found fill reaction tanks thousand things wrong humans crowded humans male crew vetoed unhealthy unstable married couples considered optimum specialties found combination university edinburgh prime contractor contracted crew selection institute social studies discarding volunteers useless age health mentality training temperament institute thousand likely candidates skills needed medical doctor cook machinist ship commander chemical engineer electronics engineer physicist geologist biochemist biologist engineer photographer engineer hundreds combinations volunteers possessing skills turned combinations married couples cases psycho evaluated factors compatibility threw hands horror
boardman competent nurse hobby duty supervisor floor smith grapevine patient suite seen woman believe pay call strange patient knew female visitors rule consider visitor sailed past attempting guarded door marines stuffy habit orders literally adjacent watch room dr thaddeus looked dimples hi honey brings part rounds patient don worry head honey chile responsibility order book read want look word tad don regulation gazed nails let put foot inside door wind antarctica wouldn want dr nelson catch watch room stood doctor nelson likely pop send sleeping low gee fatigue idea duty struck nurse doctor added stinker jill stuffed shirt sighed okay saturday night shrugged suppose girl fussy days station picked pass key
restaurant atmosphere tables scattered lawn leading lake tables boughs enormous trees jill wanted eat tree ben bribed maitre hotel set table water ordered stereo tank jill miffed ben pay prices eat trees endure horrible patience tables trees microphones service table hope saw waiter stack tank un american eat stereo racket interfere directional mike douglas investigators taking interest think re shadowing ben jill shivered cut crime pish likewise general synthetics scandals slept place ate packaged food stimulates metabolism metabolism need require elderly wealthy patient going marry jill future husband kicks yes maybe rich pet starting tonight kicks dinner musical show banging eardrums stopped announcer head filled tank smiled networks sponsor wise girl malthusian lozenges honored surrender history making broadcast federation government
smith happy continued usual loafing varied casual observation laboratory animal arranged schedule smith program study regular physical examinations allowed smith run wild puppy ranch supervision smith received grumpy opinion took dim view males reared females coach smith social behavior ate table dressed thought note ask jill assist conformed household informal customs coped experiences monkey monkey basis smith started meal table spoon jill cut meat end meal attempting eat ate meal manners precise imitation jill including superfluous mannerisms discovery smith taught read speed electronic scanning appeared total recall read tempt project smith controls measurements curves progress arrogant humility learned aware ignorance saw point measurements measuring enjoyed watching unique animal develop copy human pleasure afforded happiness
started give orders duke grumpily looking sour boss rid provincial lout okay kansas cannibalism kansas eating kitchen leaves icily anne check ready minutes ten pack comic books shirt duke setting projector stopped didn mean quitting means son hell eaten kitchen lots times circumstances roof refuses eat table won eat eat extinct breed fashioned gentleman means cast iron son bitch suits suits say ignorant superstitious prejudiced bumpkin permitted tell fit eat table dine sinners business break bread duke slowly pop age don let stop tougher think commotion fetch think handle mars break hand
according gulliver person importance listened spoke help flapper english translation servant duty flap mouth ears master bladder opinion servant desirable master speak listen consent flapper impossible converse master class flapper system unknown mars martian flappers snake shoes martians corporate flappers concept ran contrary living martian needing minutes contemplation simply took friend wished speak friend wait eternity draw reason hurrying hurry concept martian speed velocity simultaneity acceleration abstractions pattern eternity part martian mathematics martian emotion contrariwise unceasing rush human existence mathematical necessities frantic urgency implicit human sexual planet terra flapper system developed slowly sovereign held public court lowliest intermediary traces persisted kings scarce englishman cry harold smarter city bosses left doors open dancer twentieth century
conference postponed twenty hours gave caxton recuperate hear missing week grow closer mars mike jill ben water brothers consulted jill solemnly offered water ben ben briefed jill caused soul searching ben bothered uneasy feeling felt irked closeness mike jill bachelor attitudes changed week proposed jill soon jill looked ben steady job health soon truth drugs system haven feel compulsion tell truth love want marry rub poor tired feet planning marry dear ben ben love don ask responsibilities budge finally realized mars wasn rival jill patient marries nurse accept fact nurses feel maternal charges accept character nurse love figure pert fanny moved walked lush view direction infantile type interested solely size mammary glands
looked museum exhibit thought yank vulgar dressed informally occasion loud ignorant certainly provincial professional worse dr experience american professional educated narrow mere technicians held vast distaste things american incredible polytheistic babel religions cooking cooking manners bastard architecture sickly arts blind arrogant belief superiority sun set women women immodest assertive women gaunt starved bodies reminded disturbingly houris crowded valentine michael meeting male valentine michael offered including ubiquitous female creatures offered proudly eagerly water brothers laying obligation binding owed sons father brother understood martian term relationships observation martians need translate inadequately assemblage things equal thing equal seen martians home knew poverty earth standards dipped guessed cultural wealth supreme martians interpersonal relationships shared water valentine michael justify friend faith hoped yanks complete bounders
meeting adjourned found intention getting flock quickly balked american president senator boone realized enhanced seen intimate terms mars aware eyes hungry closing quickly president senator re leaving lunch join reflected private easier handle dozen public mike relief duties found promising fetch mike obscene service bring white house boy sick places girls mike roof anne creating bow wave height beauty impressive cloak ben officers champion covered rear larry bus waiting minutes later driver left roof mayflower newsmen caught girls guarded mike suite duke enjoying miriam dorcas displayed ferocity reminded cat defending young reporter closed feet courted spiked instep found corridor patrolled troopers officer suite hair rose realized presence meant douglas carrying bargain
mars humans building pressure domes male female party arrive ship faster scheduled martians helpful part saved spent preliminary estimate distance plan free bound oxygen sands mars planet friendly future human generations helped hindered plan meditations approaching violent cusp shape martian art millennia earth elections continued advanced poet published limited edition verse consisting entirely punctuation marks spaces magazine reviewed suggested federation assembly daily record translated medium colossal campaign opened sell sexual organs plants mrs joseph shadow greatness douglas quoted saying sit flowers table tibetan palermo sicily announced beverly hills newly discovered ancient yoga discipline ripple breathing increased cosmic attraction sexes required assume posture dressed hand woven diapers read aloud rig assistant guru examined purses room stolen purpose president united states proclaimed sunday november national grandmothers urged america say flowers funeral parlor chain indicted price cutting
jill grabbed hurried living room dear bathing drink drink tub loads hot water shower put honey bun bed yes love tub bath jill baby didn borrow tub heartsick kids leaving won lose track jill busy glasses tim mike need slick act act okay needs laughs maybe hi smitty offered gloved hand lot mrs wore gloves high dresses stockings looked middle aged respectable widow figure trim telling jill act mike smiled pat don kid stinks dearie zing jokes cut jill costume cute figure hon jill shook head wouldn knew magician dress assistant gay nineties eighteen nineties legs showing disappear garment marks loved don wrong dear unrefined finished wear patty jill act stark naked clowns wouldn close show
door closed patricia jill mike re leaving jill read abnormal psychology yes symbolism tattooing snakes course knew patty soon met hoping find couldn water brothers sex helpful goodness sharing growing closer growing closer sure couldn mike reason reasons love don love jill don didn want pat leave stop waiting jill added doubt give needs wants give happiness meetings snakes marks pat wants offer altar happy revelation things pat yes mike dear mike leave pick dress purse dispose trash jill thought wistfully things mike moved clothes preferred wear pretty blue
heaved sigh theology pip becky seen twenty odd stop dictating let explain spent part rapport mike moments feels hour immediately dictated poured tape tapes trained martian longhand typed special master copy mike mike choice choked correct hand mike going send finish job correctly necessity mike getting months tape completed order break stacks mike lectures martian need transcribed dictionary finished forced assume leaving soon busy mike changed method bedrooms equipped tape recorders patty jill friend turns rooms mike puts trance pours language definitions idioms concepts moments feel hours dictate poured fresh
woke alert rested happy realized felt breakfast getting black period waking cup coffee telling tomorrow easier morning found whistling noticed stopped forgot started saw mirror smiled wryly grinned incorrigible goat sending wagon minute noticed white hair chest plucked didn bother white making ready face door jill accidentally longer trusted coincidence menage organized computer straight arms love thou art god returned kiss warmly hypocritical discovered kissing jill differed kissing dawn fashion unmistakable definition presently held baby framed darling wonderful uh hell able gave gaze clear eyed innocence mike lived home mike asleep trance distance look question ask asleep
flame billowing smoke filled tank golly patty reverently blow yes agreed becky judicially professor dreamed van tromp quietly apparently style smart style lad finished style looked brothers felt jill dawn seated arm disturbed dorcas dry eyed calm inferno tank cut smiling happy holliday folks moments friends fields graciously gave patty cut anne duke let foyer lunch started leave stopped patty mike going puzzled huh course wait fullness knew turned left jill looking beloved father stop fullness mike dead dead killed thou art god thou art god repeated dully sit dawn middle let
greta gurgle happily throw wide arms eagerness grasp hold queer gray smoke gertrude irritability vanish fog sun comes suddenly soon greta walk gertrude found put housework foggy days give minding child thin wraiths fog high pasture set small daughter eyes sparkling hid big rock top pasture greta working cautiously door drew close blur buildings scampering pasture lane fast uncertain feet carry wits end minding child foggy days stopped home smoke house leave finnan haddie smiled small girl gertrude retrieved garden laughed moon struck say sun struck maybe fog struck don worry gertrude young want lives kinds weather ran big hand lightly damp curls mess sea weed harm wetted try mooring apple tree save minding small girl moored end clothes line idle dory gray wisps fog drifting greta ten began sense looking fog
let house today cellar hole greta saying hurried road things twilight noon course evening rosie happen daytime maybe maybe thoughts ticking mind heart beginning thump stop breath sailors graves thought spot father stopped moment greta asked clear days village looked prettiest greta thought father paying respect shipwrecked sailors washed ashore cove ago fences met corner ezra knoll buried show mark graves father care corner hay field mowed greta leaned fence looked corner hope didn west indies port thought hate buried loved steady sunshine path grove greta drew breath looked clump spruces saw set heart thumping gray mist trace darker outline house moment tempted push closer explore held glad dim shadow house fork strange months sort magic beacon
greta knew part mountain clear weather south road unbroken forest scarred burned patches dark mysterious treacherous unexpected chasms edge road north high protective hedge spruce alder left cut entrances hedge lay clearing sloped gently sea dotting clearing cellar holes smooth depressions covered quick springing growth pasture looked homes departed inhabitants sunk quietly earth greta played cellar holes fun imagine house stood doorways single street led shape depressions gave clue flat stone marked doorstep dug tiny spoon cellar hole salt spoon strange engraved handle father packet islands ago salt spoon treasured possessions carefully hidden handkerchiefs dresser drawer suddenly woman pulled team stop opposite entrances clearing abruptly greta climbed quickly wheel front archway hung curtain fog opened clearing lead familiar pasture lead wandering fog hesitated turned surrey reassurance woman smiling kindly grimness gently house find morrill pull
dark winter yellow fog hung thick heavy streets london lamps lighted shop windows blazed gas night odd looking girl sat cab father driven slowly big thoroughfares sat feet tucked leaned father held arm stared window passing queer fashioned thoughtfulness big eyes girl expect look small face look child twelve sara fact dreaming thinking odd things remember thinking things grownup belonged felt lived moment remembering voyage bombay father captain thinking big ship passing silently fro children playing hot deck young officers wives try talk laugh things principally thinking queer thing india blazing sun middle ocean driving strange vehicle strange streets dark night
introduce introduce sara knew minute saw knew known certainly intelligent expression eyes sara took arms large doll large carry easily naturally curling golden brown hair hung mantle eyes deep clear grey blue soft thick eyelashes real eyelashes mere painted lines course sara looking face held knee course papa emily emily bought actually children shop measured wardrobe grand sara lace frocks velvet muslin hats coats beautiful lace trimmed gloves handkerchiefs furs look child mother sara mother going companion captain enjoyed shopping tremendously sad thought tugging heart meant going separated beloved quaint comrade bed middle night stood looking sara lay asleep emily arms black hair spread pillow emily golden brown hair mingled lace ruffled night gowns eyelashes lay curled cheeks emily looked real child captain felt glad drew big sigh pulled moustache boyish expression ho sara don believe daddy miss took miss left
explain miss st john amazement recall pupil short uncertain thing pupil entire school talked night fell asleep exhausted excitement contradictory stories pupil carriage pony maid voyage india discuss ordinary acquaintance st john answered mine sara sara pretty sounds story book fluttered miss st john chief trouble clever father dreadful calamity father knows speaks languages thousands volumes apparently learnt heart frequently expects familiar contents lesson books improbable feel able remember incidents history write french exercise severe trial st john understand child notably unmistakably dull creature shone heavens stared times think stupid aunt eliza aunt eliza slow learn quick forget thing entirely learned strikingly monumental dunce school denied learn father miss spent greater part disgrace tears learned things forgot remembered understand natural sara acquaintance sit stare profound admiration
didn miss protested becky warm fire bein tired wasn sara broke friendly laugh put hand shoulder tired help awake poor becky stared fact heard nice friendly sound voice ordered scolded ears boxed rose coloured dancing afternoon splendour looking culprit tired fall asleep touch soft slim paw shoulder amazing thing known yer angry miss gasped yer goin tell missus cried sara course woeful fright coal face suddenly sorry scarcely bear queer thoughts rushed mind put hand becky cheek girl accident becky understand mind grasp amazing thoughts accident meant calamity run fell ladder carried accident miss fluttered respectfully yes sara answered looked dreamily moment spoke tone realized becky meant asked dare stay minutes
sara entered holly hung schoolroom afternoon head sort procession miss grandest silk dress led hand carrying box lost doll housemaid carried box becky brought rear carrying wearing clean apron cap sara preferred enter usual miss interview private sitting room expressed wishes ordinary occasion desire treated sara led grandly felt shy entry big girls stared touched elbows began squirm joyously seats silence young ladies miss murmur arose james place box table remove lid emma put chair becky suddenly severely becky forgotten excitement grinning lottie wriggling rapturous expectation dropped box disapproving voice startled frightened bobbing courtesy apology funny lavinia jessie tittered place look young ladies miss forget put box becky obeyed alarmed haste hastily backed door leave miss announced servants wave hand becky stepped respectfully allow superior servants pass help casting longing glance box table blue satin peeping folds tissue paper
dressed theatre lavinia cloak lined ermine cried darting forward opera glass hand blue gold trunk sara let open look things sat floor turned key children crowded lifted tray tray revealed contents schoolroom uproar lace collars silk stockings handkerchiefs jewel case necklace looked real diamonds sealskin muff ball dresses walking dresses visiting dresses hats tea gowns fans lavinia jessie forgot elderly care dolls uttered exclamations delight caught things look suppose sara stood table putting large black velvet hat impassively smiling owner suppose understands human talk feels proud admired supposing things lavinia air superior sara nice supposing fairy suppose hard real suppose things lavinia suppose pretend beggar lived garret sara stopped arranging doll ostrich plumes looked thoughtful believe beggar suppose pretend easy
sudden thought flashed sensitive thought want talk knows weeks barrier stood met chance sara looked felt stiff embarrassed speak nodded passing times exchange greeting talk sara thought miss makes easy miss easy scarcely saw noticed stupid looked listless unhappy sit window seat huddled heap stare window speaking jessie passing stopped look curiously crying asked crying answered muffled unsteady voice jessie big tear rolled bridge nose dropped end goes miserable need interfere turned plump took handkerchief boldly hid face night sara attic later usual hour pupils bed lessons lonely schoolroom reached top stairs surprised glimmer light coming attic door goes thought quickly lighted candle
sitting attention attracted slight sound lifted head nervous child left seat battered footstool hurry large rat sitting hind quarters sniffing air interested manner lottie crumbs dropped floor scent drawn hole looked queer grey whiskered dwarf gnome sara fascinated looked bright eyes asking question evidently doubtful child queer thoughts mind dare say hard rat mused likes jump run scream horrid rat shouldn scream jump say horrid sara moment saw set traps pretend dinner sparrow asked rat wanted rat wouldn sparrow sat quietly rat begun courage afraid heart sparrow told thing pounced hungry wife large family wall frightfully bad luck days left children crying bitterly felt risk deal crumbs cautiously dropped feet sara trap poor thing prisoners bastille friends rats suppose friends
large family carriage drove children inside talking interested excitement donald guy clarence janet exclaimed offer girl sixpence sure beggar didn speak beggar cried nora face didn look beggar face didn beg janet afraid angry makes angry beggars beggars wasn angry donald trifle dismayed firm laughed kind kind darling thing stoutly sixpence janet nora exchanged glances beggar girl decided janet thank yer kindly gentleman thank yer sir bobbed courtesy sara knew fact large family profoundly interested faces nursery windows passed discussions concerning held round fire kind servant seminary janet don believe belongs believe orphan beggar shabby looks afterward called girl beggar course sounded funny youngest hurry sara managed bore hole sixpence hung bit narrow ribbon round neck
lucky children needed pretty clothes fires lovely nursery heaps toys mother goose wall paper kind merry nursemaid dog called james father perfect cross unjust ready game ready excellent reason explained reason children interestingly funnily felt sure couldn help think happy happy till pretty villa live dreadful change suddenly peter birthday tenth presents model engine perfect dreamed presents full charm engine fuller charm charm lasted full perfection exactly days owing peter inexperience phyllis intentions pressing engine suddenly bang james frightened noah ark tender broken bits hurt poor engine feelings peter
london ruth left breakfast awful matter peter breaking egg ruth told night soon ask roberta scorn yes peter angrily bed caring mother worried couldn don think ask servants things mother tell roberta miss goody goody peter preach goody phyllis think bobbie course opinion peter don cried roberta putting don let horrid sure dire calamity happening don let worse began peter roberta effort answered suppose peter triumphantly school thumped sister shoulders told cheer children home clock dinner mother tea nearly looking ill tired children felt ask questions sank arm chair phyllis took pins hat roberta took gloves peter unfastened walking shoes fetched soft velvety slippers cup tea roberta put eau de cologne poor head ached mother darlings want tell
fun mother dark feeling matches table frightened poor mice don believe rats struck match candle looked light wanted happen adventure told mrs bread butter meat things supper ready suppose laid dining room let dining room opened kitchen looked darker kitchen candle kitchen whitewashed dining room dark wood floor ceiling ceiling heavy black beams muddled maze dusty furniture breakfast room furniture home lived lives ago table certainly chairs supper let look rooms mother looked room kind blundering half arrangement furniture fire irons crockery sorts odd things floor eat pantry rusty cake tin broken plate mixed horrid woman mother walked money eat
mother stay bed head ached hands burning hot eat throat sore mum mrs send doctor lot catchy complaints going sister eldest took chill inside ago christmas mother wouldn evening felt worse peter house village trees gate gate brass plate forrest forest talked peter charming interested railways rabbits important things seen mother influenza lady grave airs hall bobbie suppose want head nurse course send medicine fire strong beef tea ready give soon fever goes grapes beef essence soda water milk bottle brandy brandy cheap brandy worse poison asked write bobbie showed mother list written mother laughed laugh bobbie decided cold feeble
listen mother true re poor live telling affairs ask strangers give things remember won hugged rubbed damp cheeks promised write letter gentleman tell didn approve course thank kindness don approve darlings gentleman kind give letter station master give won say children bobbie mother splendid catch grownup saying sorry angry yes peter splendid awful angry avenging bright song phyllis look wasn awful looks beautiful downright furious took letter station master thought friends london peter live hereabouts railway station master retired sacred temple window tickets sold children porter room talked porter
business engine burglar thought shouldn wonder lock train going faster faster throat impossible speak tried backs things looked taps suddenly put hand caught hold nearest sleeve turned start roberta stood minute looking silence silence broken bloomin roberta burst tears blooming blest naturally surprised exactly unkind re naughty girl fireman engine driver darling piece call sit iron seat cab told stop crying tell meant stop soon thing helped thought peter give ears place real engine going children wondered engine driver found noble ride engine dried eyes sniffed earnestly fireman mean eh sniffed bobbie stopped try engine driver encouragingly bobbie tried
side peter asked side liberals conservatives thing side stick happens signal sounded perks lie low till place strawberries ripe told ripe give phyllis won mind give poor russian perks narrowed eyes raised eyebrows strawberries afternoon eh awkward moment phyllis say yes rude greedy unkind perks knew pleased yes porter speak truth shame known heard story phyllis added hastily believe perks sprang line feet front advancing train girls hated peter liked exciting russian gentleman delighted strawberries racked brains find surprise racking bring idea wild cherries idea occurred morning
hope don mind telling deal roberta fact growing fond observe love notice sorts things instance oddly anxious happy secret tolerably rare accomplishment power silent sympathy sounds dull dull sounds means person able unhappy love extra account bothering telling sorry bobbie knew mother unhappy mother told reason loved mother single word let mother earnestly girl wondered mother unhappy needs practice easy think happened sorts nice pleasant ordinary things happened picnics games buns tea bobbie thoughts mind mother unhappy don want won try find unhappy don repeating repeating tune don stopping part russian gentleman took deal thoughts
station master give letter gentleman asked peter phyllis station train brought gentleman town passing explained idea approved washed hands faces brushed hair looking tidy knew phyllis unlucky upset jug lemonade front dress change wind happening blow coal yard frock soon powdered grey stuck sticky lemonade stains look peter gutter child decided gentleman won notice bobbie aged weak eyes sign weakness eyes part gentleman stepped train looked platform children point suddenly felt rush deep shyness makes ears red hot hands warm wet tip nose pink shiny phyllis heart thumping steam engine sash nonsense peter hearts sashes don care mine phyllis re going talk poetry book peter heart mouth heart boots roberta think re idiots
pain excruciating victim screamed mother watching performance horror shouted stop damage splinter bone sticking skin forearm surgery today simply amputated arm elbow rest father manage arm fortunately left arm lost gradually taught wanted fingers thumb hand tie shoelace quickly cutting food plate sharpened bottom edge fork served knife fork ingenious instrument slim leather case carried pocket loss arm say caused inconvenience found impossible cut top boiled egg father older brother oscar exceptionally close soon left school walk plan future decided small town small country norway place fortune agreed big countries england france opportunities boundless father amiable giant nearly foot tall lacked drive ambition sons refused support tomfool idea forbade ran home managed france cargo ship
term walking home village green school suddenly senior twelve boys riding full speed road bicycle twenty yards road hill boy going slope flashed started quickly free wheeling mechanism bike loud whirring sound took hands handlebars folded casually chest stopped dead stared wonderful swift brave graceful trousers bicycle clips scarlet school cap jaunty angle head told glorious bike wear trousers bicycle clips school cap sit jaunty head whizzing hill backwards hands handlebars promise caught shoulder moment greatest wish boy absolute ambition doctor fine musician painter writer lord chancellor answered hesitation ambition hope longing bike whizzing hill hands handlebars fabulous tremble think memory cathedral school extremely bizarre happened later friends walked school mornings start pick boys age
playground warm cloudy september morning deputy headmaster shouting line forms sixth form form spread spread stop talking friends form lowest lined red brick wall playground shoulder shoulder remember boy school place line stretched round sides playground hundred small boys altogether aged twelve wearing identical grey shorts grey blazers grey stockings black shoes stop talking shouted deputy head want absolute silence heaven sake playground wondered lined happened half expected policemen bounding school grab arms put handcuffs wrists single door led school playground suddenly swung open angel death strode huge bulky tweed suit black gown believe trotted tiny figure mrs mrs alive relief tremendous alive whispered standing didn kill start saying mrs grasped skinny arms led sixth form standing keeping hold arm proceeded lead brisk walk line boys
enter look father wolf stiffly food wolf mean person dry bone feast log jackal pick choose scuttled cave found bone buck meat sat cracking end merrily thanks meal licking lips beautiful noble children large eyes young remembered children kings beginning knew unlucky compliment children faces pleased mother father wolf look uncomfortable sat rejoicing mischief spitefully khan big shifted hunt hills moon told father wolf began angrily law jungle change quarters due warning frighten head game ten miles kill days mother call lame mother wolf quietly lame foot birth killed cattle villagers angry villagers angry scour jungle children run grass set alight grateful khan tell gratitude
raised head wearily free ye jackals khan twelve seasons led ye kill trapped maimed missed kill ye plot ye ye brought untried buck weakness known cleverly kill council rock ask comes end lone wolf law jungle ye hush single wolf cared fight death khan roared bah toothless fool doomed die cub lived free meat give weary wolf folly troubled jungle ten seasons give cub hunt give bone child marrow bones hate half pack yelled let place turn villages khan give look eyes lifted head eaten food slept driven game broken word law jungle paid bull accepted worth bull honour fight gentlest voice
sleeps full month eaten asleep awake kill goats kaa naturally suspicious case thou hunter reason rubbed faded brown shoulder panther look kaa rock python found stretched warm ledge afternoon sun admiring beautiful coat retirement ten days changing skin splendid darting big blunt nosed head ground twisting thirty feet body fantastic knots licking lips thought dinner eaten grunt relief soon saw beautifully mottled brown yellow jacket careful blind changed skin quick strike kaa poison snake fact despised poison snakes cowards strength lay hug lapped huge coils round hunting cried sitting haunches snakes breed kaa deaf hear call curled ready accident head lowered hunting answered oho dost thou hunting needs food news game afoot doe young buck empty dried hunting carelessly knew hurry kaa big
sea catch finished forty fight spring soft sleek gentle eyed wife sea caught scruff neck dumped reservation saying gruffly late usual fashion sea catch eat months stayed beaches temper generally bad knew answer looked round cooed thoughtful place think sea catch look scratched bleeding twenty places eye sides torn ribbons fanning hind flipper settle places quietly look fighting killer whale haven fight middle beach crowded season met hundred seals beach house hunting stay belong thought happier hauled otter island crowded place bah otter island say afraid preserve appearances dear sea catch sank head proudly fat shoulders pretended sleep minutes keeping sharp lookout fight seals wives land hear clamour miles sea loudest gales
thought advice swam round beach hauled slept half hour twitching seals headed straight walrus low sheet rocky island due north east ledges rock gulls nests walrus herded landed close sea big ugly bloated fat walrus north pacific manners asleep hind flippers half half surf wake barked gulls making noise hah ho sea struck walrus blow tusks waked struck till awake staring direction hi bobbing surf looking white slug skinned sea looked fancy club full drowsy gentlemen look boy care hear skinning seen called place seals don find sea shutting eyes run re busy dolphin jump air shouted loud clam eater clam eater knew sea caught fish rooted clams sea weeds pretended terrible person
rikki heard going path stables raced end melon patch wall warm litter melons cunningly hidden found twenty eggs size bantam eggs whitish skins shells soon baby cobras curled inside skin knew minute hatched kill mongoose bit tops eggs fast taking care crush young cobras turned litter missed eggs left rikki began chuckle heard wife screaming rikki led house veranda quickly means killing rikki smashed eggs tumbled backwards melon bed egg mouth scuttled veranda hard put foot ground teddy mother father early breakfast rikki saw eating sat stone faces white coiled matting teddy chair easy striking distance teddy bare leg swaying fro singing song triumph son big killed nag hissed stay ready wait move strike move strike foolish killed nag teddy eyes fixed father father whisper sit teddy move teddy rikki cried turn round turn fight
don pull guns deal braver think battery captain called anachronism fighting suppose billy recovering spirits don means course means betwixt inside head happen shell bursts troop horse bit try think think deal care knows cure sick stop driver pay till trust driver ah troop horse explains trust dick put regiment dicks making feel uncomfortable spite understand don talking don blood red stuff soaks ground smells troop horse gave kick bound snort don talk smell thinking makes want run haven dick camel stupid vile stuff billy don want run don want talk
began winter rains failed entirely porcupine meeting mowgli bamboo thicket told wild yams drying knows ridiculously fastidious choice food eat ripest mowgli laughed rattling quills stiff uncomfortable later diving deep rock pool bee rocks brother foolish water going wish break head mowgli sure knew jungle put thy loss small crack let wisdom ducked quickly prevent mowgli pulling nose bristles mowgli told looked grave mumbled half change began think hunting strangers ends fighting hurt cub wait blooms spring tree fond flowered greeny cream coloured wax blossoms heat killed born bad smelling petals stood hind legs shook tree inch inch heat crept heart jungle turning yellow brown black
voice heard thy mercy tigers licked lips matter killed fear tha blind foolish thou hast untied feet death follow thy trail till thou thou hast taught kill tigers standing stiffly kill buck fear judge jungle peoples tha jungle peoples thee cross thy trail sleep thee follow thee browse thy lair fear follow thee blow thou bid thee wait pleasure ground open thy feet creeper twist thy neck tree trunks grow thee higher thou leap thy hide wrap cubs cold thou shown mercy show thee tigers bold night promise tha promise tha night tha thy night thine price pay thou hast taught kill slow learner tigers foot broken let jungle killed fear tha laughed thou killed thou thyself shalt tell jungle thy night ended
mama finished set blue white kettle apples stove sprinkled sugar cinnamon apples deft fingers jane sat elbows kitchen table chin cupped hands watching mother considering vaguely upstairs hear sylvie saying lines saying lines going cinderella play town hall joey bicycling shingle hill chet pudge rufus playing marbles end dollar street waiting home wasn play jane picked doll hildegarde stuck knitting bag door fruit trees yard looked inviting jane half mind climb apple tree sit forks knitting rufus joey sight skipped round house gate climbed fat hitching post front looked dollar street dollar street sign joey rufus sight dollar street shaped bow straight street put measuring rod gentle curve half half exactly halfway dollar street yellow house moffats jane youngest lived jane clanked feet hollow hitching post hundredth thinking yellow house house living block house corners inch dollar street elm street trolley ran
odd jobs mama indoors put hat blue violets matched eyes black cotton gloves mama housewife dollar street put hat gloves going elm street born brought york city won sylvie stir apple sauce nearly cooked behave rufus shinned hitching post watch dollar street elm street dr witty lived freight train turned attention wood street counted cars hoping twenty sylvie ran inside stir apple sauce joey turned bicycle upside spun wheels sure tires perfect jane sat green grass front lilac bush rows knitting couldn mind eyes straying sign sale stared sign stared yellow house stared hard blink sign house strange unfamiliar looking mama face thinking mama looking looking thinking mama longer look mama face stranger unfamiliar rush bury face apron feel mama yellow house sale sign janey looked looked house wasn moffats yellow house rolled knitting stuck hildegarde arm ran house
weeks sale sign nailed yellow house happened brought business policeman head janey trying balance joey stilts leaning house eating handful sunflower seeds spat shells trying distance shell experienced slight feeling satisfaction realizing joey stilts tall blot sale sign look yellow house strange objected living door brick lot place run janey put sunflower seed mouth attention attracted totally unfamiliar figure walking dollar street obviously person dignity gentleman held head extremely small comparison stomach tipped wore derby hat carried cane person seen dollar street unquestionably person highest importance knows mayor millionaire lot money pocket coming buy yellow house jane spat sunflower seed shell viciously spread arms straight sale sign sure bit lettering showed held breath elegant person marching picket fence girl tipped derby hat nodded head courtesy janey amazed return greeting coming yellow house reached gate marched past
whisper going say gee froze lips hughie wasn seat rufus hughie empty rufus looked teacher wrote firm strokes moment hughie pudge standing big chart picture bo peep walked door miss andrews didn door children saw thought lots idea outdoors home felt imagine course soon learned differently anyway today school saw strange boy simply walking classroom rufus older brothers sisters school knew expected knew hughie shouldn left teacher leave loud voice say told rufus hughie school true hughie school left big mean supposed hughie stayed school supposed hughie anyway moment bell rang recess teacher carefully explained recess meant play school yard mean home bell ring room miss andrews class stand class stood
mon rufus hughie beginning feel hungry tired nodded head agreement climbed freight train blue overalls carrying sooty lantern examining wheels smelled kerosene rufus thought looked nice rufus moffat dollar street half hughie school pushed cap scratched head lost asked exactly replied rufus school say live dollar street don dollar street sure number chief mulligan lives end heard cranbury find rufus cranbury asked astonishment yes dollar street rufus don seein train school rufus trouble want school looked hughie clicked tongue teeth shook head locals cranbury find
sunday rufus harder waiting sunday school dressed couldn liked jump hitching post front house mama allow grass stains white stockings liked sail boats puddles left gutter night rain mama allow fall allowed allowed sunday thing waiting waiting sailor suit church bells wandered yard gathered hard green grapes rain wind knocked arbor night stuffed pocket case peter frost knows chance fire joined front porch jane trying learn duty neighbor learned duty god duty neighbor stay head dear catechism class longer class girl stuck duty god rufus sat railing jane read duty neighbor loud hundredth tried repeat memory halfway stumbled groped words rufus supplied rufus knew perfectly kindergarten heard jane read stayed head trying learn sylvie learning latin bonus bona rufus soon joe history
children exchanged pleased glances wind jane whispered sylvie chance bring madame upstairs madame bust ghost night sylvie whispered plenty plenty echoed jane impatiently peter frost comes ready couldn eat bite rufus finished finally put spoons dinner mama reason halloween shouldn leave children mrs pudge wants talk plans silver wedding anniversary dress think tonight don streets clock joey tie garbage pail porch street hoodlums trying tie lamp post rake movable locked barn won late put black velvet hat blue violets matched eyes empty house suddenly mama inside sound ticking clock sitting room creaking cane rocking chair sitting wind rustled trees dog sounded miles howled mournfully children sat hushed motionless suddenly hot coal fell gate catherine cat jumped place stove arched bristled tail children broke screams laughter house friendly sylvie hurry pumpkin dark barn pumpkin head answered joe jane stand door sylvie breathlessly joe jane tore barn snatched fierce looking pumpkin head tore warm kitchen
peter frost swallowed breath gulp voice trifle jeering re waitin want yer ghost moffats solemn voices follow left warm safety kitchen mounted inky black stairs floor holding belt front reached stepladder paused moment count heads aw don think gonna skin seeing silly ghost yer asked peter frost words doubt hand held joe belt shaking shaking stepladder joe hoarse whisper push open hatch cautiously mounted stepladder lead ending pit darkness don light flash asked peter frost sound carefree easy scare ghost suppose snorted joe ghost comin light happens interested howl interrupted joe words sounded close moffats afraid peter frost recognize voice catherine cat didn began shake shake violently making stepladder standing shiver creak joe pushed trap door shoulders fell open groan climbed stood attic floor
jane loved thought dancing school imagined going sleep night jane pictured dancing beautifully gracefully sylvie center floor dancing school spinning lightly leaf held breath leading virginia reel greatest ease assurance arms legs behave perfectly real arms legs acted stuffed lead hands feet swell extraordinary proportions dancing school days mama hair curlers familiar pigtails strange curls bobbed distracting attention looked absolutely ridiculous sure peter frost called concerned nice thing dancing school slippers toes ribbon wound halfway white stockinged legs dance dancing school dreams slippers worth joe joe hated dancing school didn consolation slippers hated dancing school lots things spinning tops fly kites block pencil fine sharp point pocket whistle whittle yes things dancing school begged mama rake leaves shovel snow mow lawn sift ashes askin mama mama didn miss feel badly
switch hovered air peril desperate look aunt lady whirled snatched skirts danger lad fled instant scrambled high board fence disappeared aunt polly stood surprised moment broke gentle laugh hang boy learn played tricks looking fools biggest fools learn dog tricks saying goodness plays alike days body coming pears torment dander knows put minute laugh hit lick duty boy lord truth goodness knows spare rod child book says laying sin suffering full scratch laws dead sister boy poor thing heart lash let conscience hurt hit heart breaks born woman days full trouble scripture says reckon play hookey evening obliged tomorrow punish mighty hard saturdays boys holiday hates hates duty child
saturday morning summer bright fresh brimming song heart heart young music issued lips cheer face spring step locust trees bloom fragrance blossoms filled air hill village green vegetation lay delectable land dreamy inviting tom appeared side walk bucket whitewash handled brush surveyed fence gladness nature deep melancholy settled spirit thirty yards broad fence feet high hollow existence burden sighing dipped brush passed topmost plank repeated operation compared insignificant whitewashed streak reaching continent fence sat tree box discouraged jim skipping gate tin pail singing buffalo gals bringing water town pump hateful tom eyes strike remembered company pump white mulatto negro boys girls waiting turns resting trading playthings quarrelling fighting remembered pump hundred fifty yards jim bucket water hour generally
hold re sid broke aunt polly paused perplexed tom looked healing pity tongue umph didn lick amiss reckon mischief wasn conscience reproached yearned say kind loving judged construed confession wrong discipline forbade silence affairs troubled heart tom sulked corner exalted woes knew heart aunt knees morosely gratified consciousness hang signals notice knew yearning glance fell film tears refused recognition pictured lying sick death aunt bending beseeching forgiving word turn face wall die word unsaid ah feel pictured brought home river dead curls wet poor hands sore heart rest throw tears fall rain lips pray god give boy abuse lie cold white sign poor sufferer griefs end
mighty small tick anyway run tick don belong satisfied tick sho ticks plenty thousand em wanted don mighty pretty early tick reckon seen say huck give tooth tom bit paper carefully unrolled huckleberry viewed wistfully temptation strong tom lifted lip showed vacancy huckleberry trade tom enclosed tick percussion cap box lately pinch bug prison boys separated feeling wealthier tom reached isolated frame school house strode briskly manner honest speed hung hat peg flung seat businesslike alacrity master throned high splint bottom armchair dozing lulled frowsy hum study interruption roused thomas sawyer tom knew pronounced full meant trouble sir sir late usual tom refuge lie saw tails yellow hair hanging recognized electric sympathy love form vacant place girls side school house
harder tom tried fasten mind book ideas wandered sign yawn gave noon recess air utterly dead breath stirring sleepy days drowsing murmur twenty studying scholars soothed soul spell murmur bees flaming sunshine hill lifted soft green sides shimmering veil heat tinted purple distance birds floated lazy wing high air living thing visible cows asleep tom heart ached free interest pass dreary hand wandered pocket face lit glow gratitude prayer furtively percussion cap box released tick put flat desk creature glowed gratitude amounted prayer moment premature started thankfully travel tom turned pin direction tom bosom friend sat suffering tom deeply gratefully interested entertainment instant bosom friend joe harper boys sworn friends week embattled enemies saturdays joe took pin lapel began assist exercising prisoner
presently moon emerged injun joe standing forms contemplating doctor murmured gave gasp half breed muttered score settled damn robbed body put fatal knife potter open hand sat dismantled coffin minutes passed potter began stir moan hand closed knife raised glanced let fall shudder sat pushing body gazed confusedly eyes met joe lord joe dirty business joe moving look kind talk won wash potter trembled grew white thought sober business drink tonight head worsen started muddle recollect tell joe honest feller joe meant pon soul honour meant joe tell joe awful young promising scuffling fetched headboard fell flat reeling staggering snatched knife jammed fetched awful clip laid dead wedge till
tom don hermits days times pirate respected hermit sleep hardest place find put sackcloth ashes head stand rain put sackcloth ashes head inquired huck dunno hermits hermit huck dunno wouldn huck wouldn stand run run nice slouch hermit disgrace red handed response employed finished gouging cob fitted weed stem loaded tobacco pressing coal charge blowing cloud fragrant smoke full bloom luxurious contentment pirates envied majestic vice secretly resolved acquire shortly presently huck pirates tom bully ships burn money bury awful places island ghosts things watch kill ships em walk plank carry women island joe don kill women assented tom don kill women re noble women beautiful don wear bulliest clothes
yes yes yes feel mrs harper exactly feel longer ago yesterday noon tom took filled cat full pain killer think tear house god forgive cracked tom head thimble poor boy poor dead boy troubles words heard say reproach memory lady broke entirely tom snuffling pity hear mary crying putting kindly word began nobler opinion sufficiently touched aunt grief rush bed overwhelm joy theatrical gorgeousness thing appealed strongly nature resisted lay listening gathered odds ends conjectured boys drowned taking swim small raft missed boys missing lads promised village hear soon wise heads put decided lads raft turn town presently noon raft found lodged missouri shore miles village hope perished drowned hunger driven home nightfall sooner
midnight joe awoke called boys brooding air boys huddled sought friendly companionship fire dull dead heat breathless atmosphere stifling sat intent waiting light fire swallowed blackness darkness presently quivering glow vaguely revealed foliage moment vanished stronger faint moan sighing branches forest boys felt fleeting breath cheeks shuddered fancy spirit night pause weird flash turned night showed grass blade separate distinct grew feet showed white startled faces deep peal thunder rolling tumbling heavens lost sullen rumblings distance sweep chilly air passed rustling leaves snowing flaky ashes broadcast fire fierce glare lit forest instant crash rend tree tops boys heads clung terror quick gloom big rain drops fell pattering leaves quick boys tent exclaimed tom sprang stumbling roots vines dark plunging direction furious blast roared trees making sing blinding flash peal peal deafening thunder
whale swam swam latitude fifty north longitude forty west fast swim raft middle sea wear pair blue canvas breeches pair suspenders remember suspenders beloved jack knife found single solitary shipwrecked mariner trailing toes water mummy leave paddle infinite resource sagacity whale opened mouth till nearly touched tail swallowed shipwrecked mariner raft sitting blue canvas breeches suspenders forget jack knife swallowed warm dark inside cupboards smacked lips turned round times tail soon mariner infinite resource sagacity found truly inside whale warm dark inside cupboards stumped jumped thumped bumped pranced danced banged clanged hit bit leaped prowled howled hopped dropped cried sighed crawled bawled stepped danced shouldn whale felt unhappy forgotten suspenders stute fish nubbly making tell stute fish whale called throat shipwrecked mariner behave nay nay mariner natal shore white cliffs think
uninhabited island shores red sea lived hat rays sun reflected oriental splendour lived red sea hat knife cooking stove kind touch took flour water currants plums sugar things cake feet feet thick superior magic put stove allowed cook stove baked baked till brown smelt sentimental going eat beach altogether uninhabited interior rhinoceros horn nose piggy eyes manners days rhinoceros skin fitted tight wrinkles looked exactly noah ark rhinoceros course bigger manners manners manners left cake climbed top palm tree hat rays sun reflected oriental splendour rhinoceros upset oil stove nose cake rolled sand spiked cake horn nose ate waving tail desolate exclusively uninhabited interior islands promontories larger equinox palm tree put stove legs recited heard proceed relate
game spots advice leopard spots soon ethiopian fine wish aboriginal fauna migrated aboriginal fauna joined aboriginal flora high change advice ethiopian change soon puzzled leopard ethiopian set look aboriginal flora presently days saw high tall forest full tree trunks speckled dotted splashed slashed hatched cross hatched shadows say quickly aloud shadowy forest leopard dark full pieces light don ethiopian aboriginal flora smell giraffe hear giraffe giraffe curious leopard suppose sunshine smell zebra hear zebra zebra wait bit ethiopian hunted em forgotten fiddle leopard remember perfectly high veldt especially marrow bones giraffe seventeen feet high golden yellow head heel zebra half feet high grey fawn colour head heel umm ethiopian looking shadows aboriginal flora forest
love swallow liked point reed low bow flew round round touching water wings making silver ripples courtship lasted summer ridiculous attachment twittered swallows money relations river full reeds autumn flew felt lonely began tire lady love conversation afraid flirting wind certainly wind blew reed graceful admit domestic continued love travelling wife love travelling finally reed shook head attached home trifling cried pyramids bye flew flew night arrived city put hope town preparations saw statue tall column put cried fine position plenty fresh air alighted feet happy prince golden bedroom softly looked round prepared sleep putting head wing large drop water fell curious thing cried single cloud sky stars clear bright raining climate north europe dreadful reed rain merely selfishness drop fell
morning water rat put head hole bright beady eyes stiff grey whiskers tail bit black indiarubber ducks swimming pond looking lot yellow canaries mother pure white real red legs trying teach stand heads water society stand heads saying showed ducks paid attention young advantage society disobedient children cried water rat deserve drowned kind answered duck beginning parents patient ah feelings parents water rat family fact married intend love friendship higher nobler rarer devoted friendship pray idea duties devoted friend asked green linnet sitting willow tree hard overheard conversation yes want duck swam end pond stood head order give children
certainly privilege hear talk answered hans sitting wiping forehead privilege afraid beautiful ideas miller pains present practice friendship theory think asked hans doubt answered miller mended roof home rest want drive sheep mountain tomorrow poor hans afraid say early morning miller brought sheep round cottage hans started mountain took returned tired sleep chair wake till broad daylight delightful garden able look flowers friend miller coming round sending errands getting help mill hans distressed times afraid flowers think forgotten consoled reflection miller friend say going give wheelbarrow act pure generosity hans worked miller miller kinds beautiful things friendship hans took notebook read night scholar happened evening hans sitting fireside loud rap door
shouldn try things easily thinking upper lip beginning tight saw farm easily thinking loved prettiest farm saw hills big apple trees climb cows horses animals hate tom heard silly animals hate dog running hundred miles hour bit reason suppose dog loved lady explained dog ham bone stepped dog thought going anyway continued quickly wait till baby lambs dearer kid death bunch baby lambs tom tell animals don perfectly strange animals charging mom fun garden especially gathering eggs according fun going henhouse sticking hand strange hen grabbing egg running house breakfast picture running house egg fun noise freight train terrible noise growing louder louder look hundred chickens running
finally petie tired let ant sneaker run grass ant running home wife saying terrible look awful ant says crossly wouldn look run thousand boys petie wish farm don petie wish farm re going going fun fun farm guess saw tv show farm petie city kid comes farm visit lost happened fortunately city kid lassie lived farm find lassie find lost city kid find turned think pretty safe guess sat silence minutes lost farm won lassie find yeah kind animal real smart horse pig disgustedly yeah real smart pig say find find city kid find big headlines boy rescued forest death petie going reporter grew headlines
supper aunt millie imagine unpacked thought minute upstairs aunt millie walked room end hall thought stay bubba room left saying going clean room throw junk room slowly put suitcase rug knew kind boy bubba looking room person thought room mine glance shouldered shotgun rack stuffed squirrel bookcase collected bird eggs nests bookcase aunt millie saying fred weeks hammer screens boys love climb windows night pointed huge tree window look smooth spots branches steps boys tree feet wore bark wouldn stairs fred worrying boys falling trees hammer screens upstairs windows won climb assured boys afraid heights don tell chance fred says want climb screen stop guess matter crossed chest pulled drawers
daisy chain guinness book records point saving records rosie dolefully keeping records rosie strings bow replied say downright lunacy attempting preserve posterity daisy chain thousand hundred fifty feet consisting twenty thousand daisies compost month bagthorpe told balanced compost pray put heap archaeologists able piece rosie obstinately piece things millions special techniques bagthorpe returned hundred think worth resurrect daisy chain technique required supernatural scientific order require coming declared leave daisies stop talking daisies lot bagthorpe extremely bitter bagthorpe daisy chain cost chance likely seriously interviewed sunday times commanding quarter page review section piece bagthorpe unparalleled idiocy appeared colour supplement allusion bagthorpe bagthorpe family head henry bagthorpe tv scriptwriter discovered gerald pike lawn home pursuit immortality daisy chain
bagthorpe bank overdraft turned figures usual comforted damage asserted suffered irreversible trauma schizophrenic paranoiac consult laing case roots malady certainly lie family family believe widening rings schizophrenia began impinge lives forced note claim doubt bagthorpe reasons grip fully developed obsession form obsession took tess complex focused subconscious anxieties told tried simplify personal neuroses converting feels cope money father cope money rosie pointed anxieties tess explained idea talking read jung laing william told think inherited genes father poor look bagthorpe astounded telling mrs lunch home afternoon told poorly mrs objected washing tea deal washing told clearly stumped
later transpired daisy entered phase uncle parker called morbid phase aunt celia insisted imitations mortality phase label meant principally daisy holding funerals held times depended mainly find bury took ceremonies seriously tried dress part present occasion instance advantage disorganization kitchen bear indian frock mrs bagthorpe airing rail striped tea towel swathed frock wore towel head thought outfit looked religious vicars wore frocks daisy burying thought inquire ceremony complete rushed happening stopped tracks sight daisy borrowed scattering earth small hole real tears running face doubt phase goodbye goodbye wailed flinging earth grave poor thing question struck audience rhetorical attempted offer reply darling child cried aunt celia swayed forward embrace daughter collecting deal damp soil frock inciting bagthorpe wrath ye gods exclaimed disgust endure child russell urgent need treatment mad mad pause mad verb deaf ears daisy grandma
stories solitary woman boards bus late night vanish crosses bridge known course ghosts cross running water poor ghost bus hoping bridge ghostly hitchhiker stands entrance bridge north carolina accepts lift tries hitch ride cars stops pick disappears famous ghost ships seen appointed times instance palatine block island bay south shore nova scotia return enact destruction search buried treasure think terrifying things continue happen prevent getting traditional treasure guarding ghost says thomas yarmouth nova scotia approached dressed gentlemen ghost told dig treasure islands south shore knew gentleman ghost disappeared finished speaking attempts find treasure accompanied sons thwarted times walked thick woodsy approach spot seeking trees fell path missing party fell deep pit suddenly opened
anne young wife henry viii england mother queen elizabeth anne beautiful girl witty learned full fun fearless horsewoman writer singer songs delight group king henry fell love anne fourteen brought court lady waiting wife catherine aragon henry mind heart enthralled brilliant vivacious girl finally divorced catherine married anne love survive birth girl child henry wanted son king england arranged rid anne arrested charged treason imprisoned tower london section called bloody tower declared innocent believed dared oppose inevitable condemnation weeks arrest courtyard tower anne beheaded shining ax ghost anne returns protest innocence carrying head crook arm seen chapel saint peter de tower buried walking procession dead appears lonely unhappy midnight bloody tower head tucked arm anne returns execution hall norfolk childhood home
night sitting fireplace getting sleepy warmth watching fire suddenly thing fireplace sat chair didn say thing didn say happened sat thing jumped chair leaped door ran thing ran round running hollered ran faster ahead high wall fence leaned breath leaning wall tonight thing scared fell wall thing fell top falling thing heard morning found lying helped home brave young fellow afraid ghosts didn believe ghosts storybook stuff bunch boys dared spend night night haunted house road sure stay night empty house boys walked road place sitting nice room waiting happen pair legs suddenly running downstairs
pippi forgotten father sea captain sailed ocean pippi sailed ship father blown overboard storm disappeared pippi absolutely believe drowned sure floated landed island inhabited cannibals thought king cannibals golden crown head papa king certainly child stylish papa pippi say satisfaction soon papa built boat princess ho won exciting father bought house garden ago thought live pippi grew couldn sail seas longer annoying thing happen blown ocean pippi waiting straight home villa villekulla house stood ready waiting lovely summer evening sailors father boat fond pippi boys kissed forehead don worry top
annika woke early morning jumped bed ran tommy wake tommy cried pulling arm wake let funny girl big shoes tommy wide awake instant knew sleeping exciting going happen today didn remember yanked pajama jacket bathroom washed brushed teeth faster usual clothes twinkling hour mother expected sliding bannister landed breakfast table sat announced wanted hot chocolate moment going happen today re hurry asked mother re going girl door tommy stay annika morning pippi busy making kind swedish cookie enormous amount dough rolled kitchen floor pippi monkey earthly baking board plans hundred cookies lay floor cutting cookie hearts dear stop climbing dough nilsson crossly doorbell rang pippi ran opened door white miller top toe shook hands heartily tommy annika cloud flour blew
soon known town girl living villa villekulla ladies gentlemen town thought children advise children school learn multiplication tables ladies gentlemen decided girl villa villekulla immediately children home lovely afternoon pippi invited tommy annika afternoon coffee spread party front steps sunny beautiful air filled fragrance flowers pippi garden nilsson climbed porch railing horse stuck head invited cookie glorious alive pippi stretching legs reach moment police officers full uniform gate hurray pippi lucky policemen things rhubarb pudding face beaming meet girl moved villa villekulla asked policemen contrary pippi tiny auntie lives floor end town wanted fun policemen didn think funny
june took train summer stay uncle jake aunt hilda cousin julian country mother father later month parents europe august julian child poor thing portia explained school friend jody harris re feel guess winter school captain makes twelve jody asked look portia mean julian sounds boy dark hair handsome kind aristocratic anyway think sounds yacht jody fat yacht anyway julian straight red hair red orange wears crew cut looks perfectly terrible hundred thousand freckles face sizes color hair says influence carrot appearance says kid carrots vegetable eat ate meal breakfast turned orange says uncle jake says thing carrots spinach bad jody laughing think look julian sports portia continued
julian suddenly jingling squelching banging reeds rushes lunged stumbled unfolding net butterfly shouted shoulder mean dopey brown thing portia galloping heels pretty rare brother shut nope hopping plunging portia hopped plunged close lost thing lost julian stopped short hissed stop began crouching forward inch inch pounced net jar poor brown butterfly portia turned dead look small brown inconspicuous rare julian repeated women think looks things pretty stuff common impulse seated large coarse hassock grass feet ankle deep water didn matter shoes soaked swamp water warm sun julian turning jar gloating prize heavens think uranium portia plume gnats moved unevenly air heads thousand tiny needle points sound making small music finger wind stirred reeds rest sun heads feet soup warm water peaceful
pushed open green door soft passed pantry shelves full dishes large light room heavy traffic parlor kitchen bare austere walls whitewashed floor ancient linoleum worn natural things stone wood worn altogether patch faded stars hexagons clinging smoothly clean boards coal range stood door crackling inside monarch kitchen mended mosquito netting windows scrubbed deal table pots pans bracket shelf flock kerosene lamps roosting arranged according size vase shaped giant bigger teacup wore chimney sort russian halo tin minnie called voice doors wish wouldn call minnie mrs opening door stepping stoop meet brother portia julian stepped saw marching briskly knocking daisies cane elderly dapper gentleman reddish pink face accentuated white beard mustache eyebrows black eyes sharp blue wore broad brimmed felt hat tweed jacket blue jeans tucked tops high laced walking boots flower buttonhole
snug secure valley completely surrounded mountains perfectly stay home peace loving wonder found twelve villages starting head valley foamed cliffs mountain ending water gap waters river roared heart craggy mountain known frostbite tunnel frostbite according legend remaining earth traveled leader reach green valley days dry river mere muddy trickle rivers land walter earl study things moldy possession running lives savage band known mushrooms hairless entered tunnel yanking wheeled carts saved roasted mushrooms dinner miraculous rain filled river bed tunnel washed pursuers river closed underground passage land mountains high flying birds balloonist course later special twelve villages slipper water legend paddled rudely boats explore valley
strange things late turned started market place crossing directly museum foolish scolded going slowed passed gummy shabby cottage sign expected seen stop ask chance remembered dream doorknob scuffed door needed polishing noted disapproval remembered forgotten polish morning curley green seen full stop gaze door scarlet curley green cloak blazed morning sunlight bright welcoming smile live door assured quickly green proper color doors exciting invited scarlet door someday rumored village curley green refuse paint real paintings brought actually pictures walls house course gossip scarlet door suddenly swung open found smiling directly curley green blue eyes faintly mocking gave gasp began move morning curley green called looking
ago trying understand painting clever periods flicking ends sash moved family tree hanging wall strange think balloon voyage wasn tree village trees forests villages houses villages forests returned picture willow growing front house idea family tree garden firm root planting fever today wasn cottage slipper water fine willow growing front fine willow fine thing murmured willow ailment cut hand ache bad dreams bad dreams dream morning crouching head leaped suddenly sharp clear mind line orange fire mountains gummy pointing walter earl plunging spade ground walter earl plunged spade ground spot seen dream hole dug pointed mountains show curley green show nonsense scoffed gave family tree angry flick sash gummy fault folks stay decently home beds folk wouldn dream
trouble trouble repeated cleared table forget dream treasure resolutely began collect materials gob stoppers gob stoppers dull mint candy folk call humming tune set pot syrup boil added drops mint essence stirring adding ingredients managed thoughts important announcement pour stiffened mixture shape dissatisfied looked unfinished imagined humming tune measured ingredients began experiment candy clothes spread knife result looked walter earl metal suit knives hats plumes hour later surveyed trays pride suits hats golden taffy plumes spun sugar knives call decided ran finger tiny blade wonder sword mused walter earl found secret sharp pictures dream flashed head dream walter earl pit fleeting glimpse curley green blob
nearest put money box sat began unwind banner hold ordered paying gold bit rubbed bald head distractedly fault stormed send bit string blobs scribbles found poor true curley green clear voice cut furious tones morning minute ago wrath diverted fell full curley green honest folk toil let snatched piece birch bark fingers turned picture dock scene full busy green cloaks teetering wildly head swathed flapping banner word visible give suddenly cried pushed sprang feet trailing folds cloth ears give thing moment stared blob face crimson dashed ground stamped stunned silence openmouthed villagers stood waiting move snapped curley green forbid paint blobs forbid turned furious gaze home ridiculous sash
middle morning inside cottage neat tidy piles re sorted slipped gummy house closed secretive look anyway intention exposing wrath going set riverbank found gummy days ago walked fearfully strip woods trickle found sign gummy perplexed uneasy walked dock occur look gummy boat hastening step scanned boats tied bank bright yellow craft missing felt relief gummy expeditions uneasiness seized suppose mountains supposing suppose shortly gummy missing completely undependable wash hands market place claim share paint wore cottages gleamed whiter whiter doors greener greener villagers turned glance speculatively scarlet door market place remained scarlet fact green paint splashed doors scarlet curley green door splash sons turned ladder midafternoon coated walls house whitewash finished paid curley green appeared briefly inspect door scarlet
help pack reedy stiffly looking thank faltered shouldn exactly reedy shouldn mixed orange doors swords fiddlesticks want village quickest remove help pack cautious saw sense quick eyes darted room pile pile heaps stuff planning call reedy gave brisk nods bun don stand gaping moved advance sank stool mended happening resigned thought sigh let belongings reedy vigorously attacked pile gave choked cry turned head spite determination let reedy bun treasures arguments packet glitter stones demanded reedy re pretty begged winking fire family heard pebbles magic properties thing magic reedy sure wailed end retreated numb silence reedy bun treasures ruthless abandon
days swirled dizzy round hard left idle regrets easy left tasks fashion started finished house built water cress beds planted edible roots herbs found milling reeds flour discovered things ordinary chores fishing cooking washing clothes fairly makes head spin wearily sundown eaten hustle events remembered staggers supply keeper turn gummy walter earl set fishing rods late woods sweet root brown sticker plant need order re going untidily dislike untidiness dare say re gummy stretching grass tremendous yawn sort thing pile neat heaps fact don think sort thing rolled pulled toil stained yellow cloak tired rhymes head voice drifted curley green roused stumble bed outlaws soon comforters nights dreams sounded dispirited
remember consulted simplest matter gravely sleepily gave consent dawned bright crisp morning constructed sleeping shelter thickly laced twigs branches outlaws occasional lugged stones knoll wheeled cart cemented place river clay curley green disappeared interval reappeared looking flushed secretive wondered sneaked paint blob pretended notice absence thought feels driving hard feels haven concluded wisely possibly idea think carrying rocks rest midday sat stuffed roast trout sauce suggested expedition boat trickle tiny stream seen water cress growing met beaming faces muffled whoop gummy expedition success took boats waste soon reached stream pulled bank walked water cress grew thickest
mark found kind non fiction liked trying month carry home ten books read fiction days read page give month try non fiction books tried called things boy greece happy days prairie things sound stories mark furious learn things purpose unfair sly unfairness slyness children hated library miles walking lot heavy read books dull coming home splendid walking slowly stopping strange front steps dipping books katharine poetry lover tried read evangeline loud home martha sat sidewalk blocks refused step farther hear word tell martha jane mark rule read bits loud bother summer rule changed summer children found books writer named surely wonderful books read library book called enchanted castle
consultation mark katharine decided count martha wish didn true wouldn remember morning remembered clearly test mark turned jane asked watching fire jane bitterly moment fire trucks home station prove mark wished shoes league boots tried jump leagues turned katharine wished shakespeare talk forgot say exactly wanted happen waited minute didn decided wasn coming magic jane try couldn persuade jane wish safe shaking head arguments argument descended insult didn say word unlike jane home headache sleeping porch shut door wouldn downstairs lunch stayed afternoon moodily eating box social tea biscuits talking carrie cat miss despaired mother home knew wrong understanding parent didn ask questions
dear glacier park edwin move floor lamp alison faithful geyser comes faithfully hour woman standing woman ohio trying picture edwin speak turn page page snapshot album showed faithful angle woman ohio half picture looked children mother patted yawn going aunt grace nonsense dear stay cake coffee chocolate cake tasted children mother suppressed smile katharine aunt grace say clock struck eleven dear mother bus ride home wish home moment lights room moon stars shining roof mother looked aunt grace stuffy kind face aunt grace wasn clump gangling stared hot stuffy chair suddenly grown cold prickly looked sitting weedy hummock side road houses sight light moon stars happened suddenly mad
welcome sound whirring skate wheels welcome sight eleven boy rewarded finally started hurrying south maplewood avenue south looked promising east north west start martha started muffle sounds carrie making holding close met turning stare wah carrie screamed enjoying hush hush martha told hard running fast sisters won hope won mark skating neighborhood dark gloomy wished sun minute later sort half peep clouds older roller skating didn thing whirlwind speed days wished skates faster pretty soon skating wasn fun wished guys vacations wished vacant lot ahead playing baseball usual whizzed past vacant lot sort half ghostly game progress rounded corner block maplewood
didn add fear wind bury skates sand return didn mention fears bothering jane allowed arab help nearest camel mark helped katharine climb arab lifted martha mark arab foot started desert bit jane began enjoy sensation riding camel forgot charm moment katharine happy motion martha seasick begged marked helped camel walked short legs soon tired feet grew sore hot sand burning thin soles shoes mark half carry going slow lagged bit worried mark didn trust arab eager children mark didn smile presently mark fears confirmed carrie cat making friends camel martha riding frisked camel side camel leaned head looked conversing animals undoubtedly moment later carrie ran mark martha fur standing end anger excitement hissed mark
thing want mew thing think word mew half jane wish wish carrie cat future say word music sick carrie cat sick sick sick sick sick sick sick sick sick sick sick sick sick looked sick let mark practice took charm hand wish carrie cat exactly silent wishes mew carrie cat purr look gratitude mark restoring normalcy hurried passing robin tired happy children trooped homeward full worked beautifully end miss met reproaches stayed missed lunch wait till tell mother children mother looked grave night miss told don want children wandering house dinner matter fact frightening happening epidemic kidnapping lost children getting reports paper lakes camps places lot boys disappeared friends mark afraid
rushed complained martha later found minutes camelot think katharine tournament look jane mark martha looked camelot field tournament looked exactly expect look descriptions boy king arthur wonderful books white trumpets blowing clarion calls fluttered blue air armor flashed bright light gallant knights trusty squires faithful pages ladies fair lowly crowding stands hundreds watch chivalrous sport children front row grandstand seats katharine part wish forgotten say wish getting rid horses trouble wanting sit grandstand annoyance sitting katharine wished disappeared left hurry looking children muttering witchcraft sorcery children paid small heed busy looking drinking sights king arthur sat enthroned high platform end field children clearly kind simple understanding face warm sun shine merry england queen guinevere seated merlin magician thin wise gray bearded left
sir sat heard laughter heard song looked katharine katharine looked recognized feet silence round field mean knights stopped laughing sir katharine didn mean katharine began cry flushed cheeks head held high sir strode king arthur platform knelt dust low voice asked leave quest journey hide shame till hundred deeds valor win lost honor dread words beaten girl forever king arthur trust speak nodded consent queen guinevere look sir walked field tournament katharine crying merlin spoke word king arthur ear king arthur nodded rose offered arm guinevere led stand merlin spoke word attendant knights began clearing field quietly children front row grandstand put fuss saying find sister katharine terrible sister sister stick anyway knights cleared rest
deed wished katharine tried worked child merlin smile kind deed brought word twentieth century memory arthur round table helped create living age care ideal began space try service brought word finish peace deed wish quickly exactly seventeen katharine wished mother miss worried yesterday put home minutes real thoughtful katharine mark learned adventure thing children knew sitting katharine martha room morning home minute minute packed memories dream katharine asked don think wouldn remember mark don jane
awaiting spaniards riches native aztec inca empires aztecs establish civilization middle america yucatan central america mayas built elaborately carved stone temples pyramids bred corn kind wild grass devised accurate calendar astronomical observations invented number system similar arabic superior roman civilization declined aztecs moved valley mexico established capital present site mexico city war parties subdue neighboring peoples extract tribute cuzco mountains peru incas ruled highly centralized larger empire largest history constructed thousands miles paved roads pathways wheeled vehicles hold empire early spanish colonists beginning columbus brought voyage settled islands caribbean tried luck enslave indians uncover gold magellan fleet hernando cortes destroyed aztec empire looted treasure news silver found mexico turned attention spaniards mainland island colonies mother country fortune hunters descended mexico movement comparable ways nineteenth century gold rushes
stockholders london company george calvert lord baltimore taking part promotion virginia conceived idea undertaking colony convert roman catholic faith calvert mind primarily gigantic speculation real estate incidentally establishment refuge roman catholics victims political discrimination england getting newfoundland grant james spending winter looked virginia decided relocate colony warmer climate south previous location charles obtained patent wedge virginia territory lay north potomac east chesapeake bay king christened maryland honor roman catholic wife henrietta maria george calvert died grant official issued son lord baltimore maryland charter contained curious provisions revived colony feudal concept dead mother country calvert heirs hold province true absolute lords acknowledging king annual payment indian arrowheads gold silver mined proprietor exercising maryland power comparable king england privilege land granting parcels vassals
population english america increased tenfold increase mainly reflected growth existing colonies colony founded georgia mainland colonies unique origins founded corporation proprietorship guiding purpose profits create sectarian refuge beginning georgia trustees serving pay main purpose twofold provide start englishmen imprisoned debt erect military barrier spaniards southern border english america claimants continent spaniards looked suspiciously encroachment jamestown captive giving halfhearted attempt frighten english treaty spain recognized england title lands occupied english subjects ten later spanish forces florida attacked destroyed outlying south carolina settlement south treaty line spain england war europe hostilities renewed america european conflict american repercussions continually expected general james oglethorpe hero late war spain concerned need buffer colony south carolina florida head parliamentary committee investigating english prisons oglethorpe knew hand plight honest debtors rotting confinement conceived idea solving problems prisoners farmer soldiers faraway frontier
won political independence american aspired kind cultural independence looked forward poem rising glory america foretold happy land seat empire final stage civilization glorious works high invention art united states joe saw vision columbus destined greatest theatre improvement mankind respects revolutionary war temporarily handicapped american intellectual learned turned science scholarship military political service noted astronomer david left telescopes devoted revolutionary committee pennsylvania council safety advising countrymen abandon schools concentrate defense schools close especially rural areas colleges disrupted harvard buildings american army barracks nassau hall princeton damaged washington jersey campaign william mary campus military headquarters cornwallis battle yorktown revolution stimulated intellectual activity brought ideas lasting consequences military service thousands young acquainted country reading patriotic pamphlets hearing discussed soldiers received political education french alliance france troops supplies ideas giving spread skeptical experimental scientific notions enlightenment
south threat soon materialized december formidable array battle hardened veterans fresh duke wellington campaign french spain landed orleans christmas wellington brother law sir arrived command america knew treaty peace british american governments signed faraway belgium awaiting advance mississippi andrew jackson motley collection kentuckians creoles negroes pirates drawn breastworks drill bravery redcoats advancing open january match jackson protected making artillery rifles americans held fire wave attackers approached deadly close range finally british retreated american band struck hail columbia left dead including wounded prisoners jackson losses killed wounded notable exceptions battle orleans military operations united states badly bungled surprise surprising fact american arms succeeded government woefully unprepared war outset faced increasing popular opposition contest dragged opposition centered england remarkable extremes federalists celebrated british victories country war effort plotted disunion separate peace
president monroe stood bolder champion america europe presenting congress annual message union announced policy afterward thirty known monroe doctrine phase policy relationship europe america american continents monroe declared henceforth considered subjects future colonization european powers consider attempt part extend system portion hemisphere dangerous peace safety consider interposition sovereignty existing american nations unfriendly act aspect president pronouncement relationship united states europe policy regard europe monroe interfere internal concerns powers president happen statements specific dangers mind powers warning directed answer questions consider relations united states european powers main steps decision monroe administration announcement congress napoleon defeat powers europe combined concert uphold principle legitimacy government prevent overthrow existing regimes
war ended portion territory acquired mexico settled americans oddly left country unhappy adherents religious sect formally known church jesus christ saints commonly known mormons mormon faith numerous religions flowered america originated western york mormons believed tightly knit disciplined community directed church elders seeking congenial environment leadership prophet joseph smith moved ohio missouri finally nauvoo illinois met resentment largely caused economic community organization nauvoo outraged opinions neighbors introducing polygamy troubles climax mob lynched smith smith successor brigham young decided mormons escape persecution move united states entire mormon community left nauvoo destination picked young salt lake basin utah arid courage live settled mormon metropolis salt lake city aid irrigation desert bloom established thriving home industries built profitable trade emigrants california january gold accidentally discovered sacramento valley california
presidential campaign country convulsed brooks assault continuing violence kansas democrats adopted platform endorsed kansas nebraska act defended popular sovereignty leaders wanted candidate enemies closely explosive question bleeding kansas nomination james buchanan pennsylvania reliable party stalwart minister england safely country recent troubles signer highly controversial manifesto republicans engaging presidential contest faced campaign confidence denounced kansas nebraska act expansion slavery approved program internal improvements beginning combine idealism antislavery economic aspirations north eager democrats present safe candidate republicans nominated john fremont national reputation explorer west sincere republican glamorous pathfinder selected political record highly native american party beginning break inevitable rock sectionalism convention northern delegates withdrew platform sufficiently firm opposing expansion slavery remaining delegates nominated president millard fillmore candidacy endorsed sad remnant party remaining whigs bring support buchanan fremont
witnessed small battles accomplished large results big battle important outcome small engagements occurred missouri western virginia region shortly west virginia missouri contending forces headed hand governor jackson officials wanted union captain later general nathaniel lyon commanding small regular army force st louis lyon led column southern missouri defeated killed superior confederate force battle wilson creek august seriously striking power confederates union forces able hold western virginia federal force assembled ohio command george mcclellan crossing ohio river mcclellan succeeded end mountain possession region federals flank virginia transportation obstacles presented mountains base move eastward occupation western virginia important propaganda victory north union sympathizing area confederacy wrenched southern control big battle fought virginia area capitals south washington union army command general irvin mcdowell confederate army beauregard based manassas northern virginia thirty miles southwest washington
area united states directed expansionist impulse civil war vast pacific ocean region islands hawaii mid pacific important stopover station american ships china trade early american settlers reach hawaii england missionaries fellows oregon approximately advertised economic possibilities islands religious press soon americans arrived sugar planters found profitable industry eventually officers growing navy looked longingly magnificent natural base pearl harbor island oahu american residents hawaii dominate economic islands political policies native ruler commercial relations inexorably pushing hawaii american orbit making blaine accurately contended part american system treaty signed permitted hawaiian sugar enter united states duty free bound hawaiian kingdom territorial economic concessions powers trade arrangement tied island american economy political clauses meant effect united states guaranteeing hawaii independence making islands protectorate treaty renewed existing arrangements granted united states exclusive pearl harbor naval station course events pacific rendering outright political union inevitable
women took active part progressive reforms protection female employees included approximately percent women age fifteen women especially important furthering progressive period received impetus reform spirit temperance woman suffrage woman christian temperance union greatest leader frances willard worked schools churches arouse public opinion strong drink saloon league women joined crusade gained publicity woman campaign carry nation took saloons home kansas hatchet kansas law poorly enforced temperance crusaders undertook legislation states obtain national prohibition amendment half states banned liquor sales permitted counties municipalities local option congress approved amendment prohibiting manufacture sale transportation intoxicating beverages country eighteenth amendment effect rights women sought important vote enable secure rights feminist leaders late nineteenth early twentieth centuries
elections regarded national plebiscites wilson received narrow mandate continue path progressivism peace undoubtedly intended follow course outbreak war repeatedly sought means bring warring nations peace conference sides invested heavily conflict hopeful gaining investment talk negotiated peace immediately election november wilson renewed negotiations looking settlement germans successful russian front appeared willing top german generals want conference january wilson spread plan senate calling lasting peace american help maintain league nations peace freedom seas disarmament national determination subject peoples equality nations peace equals lasting peace peace victory january military leaders germany decided final cast iron dice resolved return unrestricted submarine warfare bring united states war hoped crush france land starve britain sea america weight felt january german ambassador announced beginning submarines sink ships enemy neutral broad zone british isles
constitutional amendments court decisions affecting actually potentially political rights americans negro white twenty amendment gave franchise presidential elections residents district columbia home rule washington highest percentage negroes city country continued withheld congress twenty fourth amendment gave symbolic practical aid negro voters providing vote primary federal election abridged failure pay poll tax states deep south methods poll tax try negroes issue involving rights representation large part american electorate supreme court case involving apportionment legislative districts tennessee constitution called reapportionment ten place result rural dominance legislature proportion population moore county population legislator shelby county memphis residents vote moore county worth sixty times shelby county decision supreme court gave federal district court mandate order reapportionment found violation constitution similar inequities existed surprising number states states fewer percent population elect majority legislature
beginning term president nixon hoped alter direction supreme court chief justice earl warren actively enlarging sphere personal liberty civil rights warren court decisions civil rights antagonized conservatives south decisions personal liberty aroused advocates law order nixon themes campaign country especially resented escobedo miranda cases judges limited power local police extract confessions persons accused crimes nixon insisted job courts interpret law law soon chance choose chief justice agreed warren retirement appointed warren burger conservative strict served thirteen united states court appeals district columbia spoken considered supreme court protection rights criminals burger appointment received prompt approval senate nixon office opportunity fill vacancies court ran trouble trying named south carolinian labor unions black organizations objected appointment senate refused confirm senate turned nixon angrily charged senate bias south
judge presidential returns appeared republicans succeeded aim replace democratic coalition congressional elections republicans deprived places senate gaining thirteen house leaving democrats control congress margins returns amounted unqualified approval republican party presidential victory overwhelming meant endorsement nixon rejection opponent began term january president nixon stood height power popularity soon popularity measured opinion polls began drop fell faster president polls franklin roosevelt public confidence nixon low doubts arose continue lead reason sudden collapse prestige summed word familiar newspaper readers television viewers watergate word designated bewildering assortment political scandals worst american history watergate deluxe hotel apartment office complex washington located headquarters democratic national committee clock morning june police arrested broken headquarters bug copy documents
determines worth subject thing fitness writer deal assume general readers interested topics local national international significance experience thinking original add facts opinions current daily news avoid writing humorist rogers say read papers avoid area knowledge choosing subject readers access papers stand need contemplate recognize chief claim audience lies refrain mere ideas source material lived score experiences shared general outline precise pattern reaction highly individual fingerprints dental impression happily human experiences common communication happily remain interesting simple topic school assigned class twenty reveal experience shared twenty aspects experience varied author succeeds revealing significance part interest remain entire dozen papers difference exciting dull news commentator noticed lie primarily news assume hastily remarks intended limit account things experienced directly live levels lives experiences observed read
belated mention words stand paper paper planned written position decide definitely call known general topic course choice plan treatment entirely determined composition specific title choose seen exact shape material assumed creative process title reasonably word phrase generally preferred complete sentence says depend specific content paper purpose matter fact informative writing reports descriptive title stating actual content paper clearly words recommended creative types called trick title arouses satisfies reader curiosity follows preferred authors modern textbook earth title surely content shift educational approach days early predecessor textbook geological science book called exploring heavens leads reader rightly expect intelligible layman astronomer read selections reprinted book weigh titles assignments end unit discover include topics suggesting subject matter choose subject remind consider original title suited treatment material title chance win lose reader chosen care grades college writing result combination impressions reader subject plan accuracy details called mechanics think marks margin instructor chief concern mistakes spelling punctuation grammar usage sentence structure studied mechanics sufficiently school give extra
description discover model passages end unit kinds depending purpose wish merely inform desire addition give pleasure add enjoyment essential purpose prose type description aid exposition necessity agreeable luxury called explain mechanism process obliged description purpose clearest terms muster communicate essential facts sufficient concerned terms simplest denotative unequivocal meanings suffice turn analogical comparisons familiar objects plunger looks fountain pen shovel handle shaped invoke senses sight equally practical reasons sand wood entirely smooth touch allow mixture stand smell faint odor rotten eggs drawings supplement replace words descriptions brevity consistent clarity completeness sought information information goal description type demanded technical reports writings calling facts situations limit presentation facts met words mere information giving add vividness appealing emotions moods community fund dollar help feed haggard mother sad eyed crippled child bare fact plea emotional details suggest mean general idea money needed money tangible dollar need hunger definitely pictured woman child descriptive appeal reader emotions essential narration find unit add greatly discover selections book workaday exposition valuable corrective tendency exposition generalize
purpose exposition previously noted present information opinions effectively seen description narration characterization singly increase effectiveness aid analogy analogy comparison discussed book unit examined figure speech shows single likeness things jack mad dog angry comparison purpose subject case jack vivid readers unit examine essay devoted entirely comparison purpose arrive conclusions things analyzing similarities differences writer consumer magazine compares makes cars point point wants help readers decide car buy literary critic compares novels detail wants help readers understand novels fully analogy lies figure speech purpose comparison subject vivid understandable essay comparison includes points similarity familiar analogy description pump explain heart heart valves forcing blood body compared pump valves forcing water system pipes things anatomical mechanical relationship parts comparable point point working complex unfamiliar clear analogy simple familiar analogies help readers translate unfamiliar complicated series facts involving measurement kind familiar terms cargo plane introduced american public dimensions stated news release fact stood higher story building aptly longer wright brothers flight
frequent purpose expository writing explain procedure form specific direction giving telling readers presumably want general information giving telling readers interesting case basic organizational pattern styles presentation encounter directions simplest form stop street sign intricacies parliamentary procedure explained robert rules order find cookbooks laboratory manuals seed packets instruction sheets accompanying mechanisms basis education school frequently find role teacher level direction giving requires extraordinary care part giver types expository writing merely satisfy curiosity add sum general information explanation procedure leads readers action give directions carefully requirement direction giving clarity readers lose expression opinion careless planning wording giving directions dealing procedures valueless present grasped readily exactly important writer subject needs readers constantly mind process actually information hand readers learn directly source sure subject give real directions reasonably intelligent readers sufficient care practice follow success advice choose small subject develop applies directions worse making choice consider length paper assigned write writing
earlier units examined kinds comparison figure speech analogy rhetorical devices adding vividness clarity function comparative process means limited pattern thought comparison involves holding similar identical things objects situations ideas sake discovering detail likenesses differences procedure selecting brand goods determining contest winners choosing candidate situation involves weighing judging faced important choice view possibilities carefully noting similarities differences later ultimately reach decision toothpaste buy college attend person marry toothpaste fluoride community college intelligent charming unreliable intelligent unimaginative dependable college writing assignments examinations asked reach conclusions choice objects issues theories comparing purpose writing essay comparison determine similarities differences convince readers superiority things presenting subject purpose general mental process involved original view eliminate choices holding successive pairs subject remains essentially matter alternatives point reaching decision automobiles buy narrow choice weighing eliminating arrive likeliest compare
evidence phenomenon called territorial imperative exists lead pessimistic conclusions future human race essay called mockingbirds points evidence support idea instance reports twenty primitive tribes separate areas unable learn formed similar social bands occupying specific permanent territories showed unlearned genetic need human beings territory territorial instincts think middle east today situation struggle possession area israelis palestinians battle territory obtain regard land existence belonging neighbors family seen evidence territorial imperative father instance worried neighbor decided build property boundary house plenty land spare father worried losing part seen arguments neighbors trees cross property disputes boundary marker moved foot phenomenon instinctive innate inevitable clash living space increasing pressure growing population severely limited space lead catastrophic battle nuclear war mean end potential disaster exist territorial imperative evidence social imperative exist social imperative ability share cooperate fellow human beings exists hope future maybe problems solved eventually article mentions animals elephant antelope gorilla territorial bond animals wander constantly moving food found wars competition territory
unit examine motivating forces combined produce result results produced produced forces kind thinking analytical examined unit effects effects readily evident special features kind analysis require unit devoted student hurrying class falls flat campus walk effects immediately apparent books scatter breath knocked slacks ripped generally disheveled picks property arrives classroom looking flustered asked friend trouble replies accident fell asked caused adds fell actually examine circumstances find slab pavement raised slightly tree root tripped waving vigorously friend threw balance uncoordinated lack sleep reason combination reasons existed driving campus ram car clear blame lie objects tried occupy space point accidents events happen part vast pattern effect effects effects endless chain car crash accident effects bent fender maybe traffic ticket
oldest common activities mind popularly called drawing conclusion arriving takes general truth observation events process important source children knowledge learned speak baby spoonful hot food immediately concludes experience spoonfuls food equally painful additional experience patiently forcibly provided baby convinced baby abuse logical process induction method reasoning observing thing true number similar situations generalize conclude found true similar situations reasoning extremely important source knowledge remember validity general law established dependent number appropriateness instances support properly inductive process principal tool tremendous advances modern science abused source popular misconceptions prejudices moving community find excellent school buildings staffed qualified teachers remain local parent teacher organization large membership frequent attended meetings high percentage high school graduates colleges universities succeed safely infer offers educational opportunities children
difficulty found previous exercise packing wished say single sentence doubtless aware limitations definition dictionaries similarly save space purposes additional information desirable essay definition write find definitions accurate readers essay readable formal sentence definition interest reader mathematical equation essay definition personal amusing vigorous stimulating memorable remember duty define include sentence formal definition paper expansion basic material evasion fact mind find written charming informal essay subject definition choose generic specific subject define dog instance rover cathedral notre dame paris supersonic aircraft concorde note kinds topics suggested end unit types writing description narration character study suited treating persons things add fullness interest basic data essay definition numerous expository methods note kind writing discussed earlier units essay definition include distinguishing characteristics bare definition dog carnivorous domesticated mammal family descriptive details added size build color
essential purpose forms writing convince readers opinion information present important saying deserves readers consideration degrees intensity writing human relationships mild gentle suggestion direct won answer command examples writing included book authors try catch hold attention convince subject matter interesting observations interpretations analyses deductions logical enlightening subject matter open opinions strongly try persuade accept views notice general tone examples unit process differs examples unit ii deduction writers unit safely assume readers want learn advantages methods clearly evident unit ii writers assume readers opposing opinions deductions present explanatory result examples unit ii argumentative write strong argument find aids writing examined earlier helpful definition analysis deduction induction essential begin definition problem forms subject underlies define means description narration classification analogy analysis effect combination give clear full analysis nature problem sure include specific examples find helpful forms writing listed earlier presentations vivid logical find helpful part argument induction deduction comparison definition include analysis problem important readers
word criticism mean finding fault unit larger sense analyzing weaknesses strengths order arrive carefully considered judgment professional critics develop objective standards judgment reading observation analysis devote lives fields critical analysis applied subjects livestock personal conduct machinery government policies opportunities college develop critical judgment instructors ask write critically assigned readings scholarly articles chapters book books works literature written high school book reports summaries reading instructors expect compare contrast evaluate reach conclusions authors say choosing subject depending assignment criticize complete covering main points methods presentation concentrate aspect section professional book reviewers drama music critics cover performance writing give readers view critics writing established concentrate section aspect think neglected critics inaccurately evaluated interpreted unlikely say hamlet authority shakespeare interesting thoughts small element play minor characters lines important speech
separate page end paper text final bibliography itemized list sources material quoted summarized feel indebted general information material item similar source note arrangement punctuation bibliography alphabetized author reversed works author alphabetized title omitting consideration bar typing ten hyphens period replaces author entry article exactly source note period divides author rest information page numbers occupied entire article periodical book standard book entry mention pages place publication date need entry consists items author title publication data terminated period additional items edition number volumes title publication data entry occupies line page carry lines indented spaces alphabetized lead words clearly visible bibliography divided classes books periodicals primary secondary sources study arrangement punctuation carefully section note taking earlier unit direct quotations works discussed look problems research paper course scrupulously acknowledged note quotation marks show ideas original author author exact words
familiar objective examination forms true false filling blanks multiple choice matching problem writing reduced minimum material covered examination supplied full manipulate completely add missing term figure faced examination concerns understand material follow directions exactly read hastily true false statements jump conclusions minus signs asked write answers sentence ends designated places ink pencil required fail examination perfectly prepared objective correction keys computers allowances personal give credit intentions objective examination frequently test information test designed check speed knowledge read rapidly answering questions answers occur immediately return spend troublesome worrying caught end period obvious unanswered objective examinations generally popular students instructors speed corrected answers definitely wrong suited subjects require memorize numerous facts test knowledge write perfect paper objective kind essay examination write extraordinary
customary form business letter message essential parts heading inside address salutation precede message complimentary close signature end study requirements part refer model letters pages illustrations heading includes address date writing customarily occupies lines upper corner required arrangement letter length left ensure longest line end margin intend maintain business firms generally prepared letterheads names addresses stationery address appears top center need write date customary upper corner position centered page address include correct zip code numbers address heading inside address envelope punctuation inside address address person firm writing envelope essentially matter office procedure convenience filing conventional business letters begin left margin spaces date space allowable arranging short letter large page letter addressed firm wish attention person officer include attention note beginning margin inside address salutation space salutation appears left margin spaces inside address consists words greet person writing conventionalized set phrases frequently
psychologists provide counseling services schools called school psychologists problems face techniques specialized reason considered distinct psychology school psychologists involved testing guidance individual students school psychologist job consists testing counseling students need special attention testing information diagnosis disposition behavior difficulties instance basis tests information school psychologist recommend poor reader assigned remedial reading class student mild adjustment problems counseled manner amounts psychotherapy colleges universities school psychologists evaluate administer admissions examinations school psychologists vocational counseling school counselors studied testing counseling university department education practice difference school psychologists school counselors clear educational psychology include school psychology educational psychologists involved general problems school psychologists school counselors educational psychologists especially concerned increasing efficiency learning school application psychological knowledge learning motivation curriculum psychologists primarily engaged applies directly practical problems psychologists attempt understand fundamental behavior called basic research studying fundamental processes learning memory sensation perception motivation words experimental psychologist studies behavior modified retain modifications human sensory systems allow experience going factors urge give direction behavior
method systematic observation tells differ behavior experimental method facts relationship independent dependent variable psychological detective method systematic observation want find observed behavior psychologist experimental method want find reason observed relationship independent dependent variable words psychologists content knowing experimental results want behaviors occur experimental results observed psychologists scientists satisfied answering questions occurs want find observations answer questions things happen referring observations book carrying females carry books hip males side differences female male anatomy learn behavior copying sex due factors altogether clue favoring learning observed behavior comes age male female difference book carrying begins grades girls boys start carry books ways age body proportions males females essentially identical course observation establish behavioral difference unknown factors combination factors observation shows relationship correlation grade school age beginning male female pattern fact event comes event show event later
stark fact blacks united states group average iq points lower whites group difference iq points trivial iq relates school learn high prestige high paying occupations modern require amount schooling lower iqs poorer educational achievement disadvantage competition high level jobs cultural economic advantages facts dispute facts facts controversy reasons black white group difference iq evidence genetic basis iq members race race genetically determined argued group iq difference due genetic heritage blacks whites including majority social scientists impressed evidence showing contribution environmental factors measured iq words controversy revolves roles nature nurture interaction determination measured iq direct evidence genetic basis black white group iq difference argument indirect runs racial differences genetic genetic influences play role determination iq reasonable assume racial differences iq genetic type argument arthur jensen controversial article boost iq scholastic achievement jensen arguing genetic basis intelligence answer jensen argument unchallenged number observations arrayed proponents environmental group black white iq difference
begin discussion punishment making sharp distinction negative reinforcement involve noxious stimulation thing effects behavior negative reinforcer seen noxious stimulus terminates contingent occurence response contrast noxious stimulus produced forthcoming response response escape avoid responses bring punishment contingent occurrence response contrast negative reinforcement punishment tends decrease likelihood occurrence responses leading punishment suppress inhibit responding sense tend stop behaviors leading say promote learning learning suppress responses learning called passive avoidance learning deal human learning cradle grave consists learning passive avoidance learning learn play fire steal exceed speed limit endlessly ten commandments consist thou shalt parents society attempt teach don ts positive reinforcement punishment punishment punishment teach avoidance behavior human beings tricky matter variables involved effectiveness punishment depends number factors intense punishment effective mild punishments things equal tend suppress behavior temporarily punished behavior soon return intense punishment human affairs intense punishment carries risk strong conditioned emotional responses developed cs
according levels processing idea incoming information worked levels analysis deeper analysis goes memory level simply perception awareness environment chapter deeper level structural features sounds looks analyzed finally deepest level processing meaning input analyzed analysis deep level meaning memory instance suppose friend spelling asks look term paper spelling errors processing information structural level friend later asks thought ideas paper likely remember process information deeply meaning semantic level verbal word information sounds sights smells processed levels memory results deeper soon elaborate processing perceptual input times important person process information deeply hold information act structural feature discard stage model terminology called short term store routine happenings daily processed deeply respond appropriately moment driving remember details morning drive need process information meaning level rehearsal plays role deeper processing information stage models memory
rehearsal crucial transferring information short term term memory alternatively deeper richer processing information memory textbooks full detailed information remembered kind skimming give maintenance rehearsal elaborative rehearsal distinguished earlier chapter maintenance rehearsal consists merely repeating information elaborative rehearsal consists thinking rehearsed effort relate things learning elaborative rehearsal kind studying spend deal elaborative rehearsal ask read concepts terms relate things learning studies show effective spend half study rehearsal remember importance organization learning saw earlier organization takes forms textbooks organized heading provide kind outline addition questions beginning chapter give organizational framework rehearse giving subjective organization material providing retrieval cues reminders important try recall learning form visual images abstract ideas fourth try idea learned material words feedback study breaking material parts try feedback study part
potential emotion producing situations important part cognitive theory coping prolonged stressful situations suppose called dean appraisal situation create apprehension suppose office tells wants student representative student discipline committee occurs apprehension change pleasure emotion minute minute stressful situations prolonged emotional arousal coping emotion producing situations denial stressful think positively interesting reaction formation stressful fact learning experience normal defense mechanisms listed chapter find able reduce intensity disturbing emotional feelings accompany stress emotion hard term define speak emotions refer subjective feeling bodily states expressions emotion language facial expressions gestures motivational drive emotions expression perception emotion important responses tone characteristics voice channel expression emotions perception emotions facial expressions important non verbal emotions expressed early set observations dimensions facial emotional expression judged accuracy unpleasantness attention rejection sleep tension dimensions recent studies shown facial expression number primary emotions judged accurately diverse cultures
knowing nervous system codes shapes forms found shapes presented eye trigger activity cells nervous system discoveries give beginnings understanding visual system codes shapes animals activity recorded single optic nerve fibers shows deal analysis form occurs retina instance recordings optic nerve fibers frog found cells respond shape features stimuli frog optic nerve fibers respond readily small round shapes presented eye fibers respond vigorously shapes scientists recordings mc called fibers bug studies optic nerve fibers found especially responsive aspects stimulation higher animals coding shape takes place retinal level generally exceptions elaborate frog mammals cells visual areas cerebral cortex chapter page especially sensitive forms orientations stimuli presented eyes condensation experiments describing forms orientations stimuli cells visual cortex responsive hubel wiesel series experiments visual cortex cats monkeys records single cell responses unit responses obtained pushed cortex retina stimulated patterns light dark light dark bars cells cortex responded
lysergic acid diethylamide lsd powerful drug produce ways perceived millionth gram produce perceptual distortions behavioral lasting hours find perceptual produced lsd pleasant intriguing ways experiencing opened lsd usage fad recent dropping acid decreased greatly reason decline usage course lsd hard illegal reason alterations normal perception resulting drug frightening disturbing especially unstable personalities adjustment problems lsd results bad trips characterized panic depression feeling persecution marginally adjusted experience bad effects drug depending dose setting relaxed stressful drug experience bad effects lsd reason dangerous drug lsd member class called hallucinogenic drugs drugs class mescaline marijuana marijuana potent lsd hallucinations experiences based known sensory inputs completely head due brain activity stimulated sensory input lsd produces hallucinations main effect hallucinogens alter transformations elaborations sensory inputs give experience perception hallucinogen term describing drugs
important adulthood defined relation eligibility employment adulthood begins essentially termination continuous schooling ends retirement job including housekeeping consumes waking hours category human activity occupational status family head largely determines social status turn relates wide network values customs expectations job jobs held family members lack determine large part family lives moves takes care children hours waking eating sleeping evening weekend activities participation organizations takes account influence family living pattern amount money result employment enormity job influence unmistakable job development takes paths workers blue collar occupations jobs upward mobility limited housewives instance job progression essentially horizontal job change pay increase seniority job attractive extrinsic factors working hours noise levels compatibility fellow workers qualitative progression minimal job development vertical sense lower higher skill status frequently power progression systematic boundaries likely speak career development adult workers engaged orderly career progression moving status hierarchy low entry position successively higher steps workers anticipate promotions predictable intervals jobs reasonably promotion depends skills mature judgment
met decided group traits assume observe person combining information impression procedure simply add pieces information favorable impression thought person kind honest thought person simply kind hand average pieces information case impression remain average favorable traits close averaging model closer actually simple pieces information seen important weighted heavily impression represent weighted average information person thing consider relevance information judgment making assign importance characteristics car mechanic psychology professor information obtained weighted heavily believe making impression research shows efforts wasted primacy effect occur impression formation generally give importance information concerning negative traits information concerning positive traits possess hamilton factors affects weighting give pieces information forming impression person form impressions determining individual traits making assumptions traits related
attitudes formed changed operant conditioning chapter page true holding expressing attitudes affects approval acceptance experience membership acceptance groups contingent attitudes expresses chapter page peer groups clubs unions churches reinforce expression attitudes relevant group parents give withhold rewards approval contingent attitudes expressed children operant conditioning attitudes demonstrated laboratory studies employed technique verbal reinforcement alter attitudes studies engaged participants interview situation asked comment controversial issue experimenter reinforces expression statements issue nodding smiling saying indicating approval studies shown frequency reinforced statements increases course interview participants change attitudes direction reinforced statements change persist attitudes formed changed cognitive learning especially imitation modeling chapter page human beings learn behaviors observing noting consequences actions chapter page children observe parents students teachers followers leaders observational learning important influence attitudes situations joins group uncertain constitutes behavior observation attitudes expressed behaviorally verbally group members important source information regarding considered acceptable group group attitude theories historically related gestalt tradition psychology inquiry page focuses individual attempts maintain consistency numerous attitudes holds
human beings learn characteristic ways behaving classical operant conditioning learning observation chapters social learning theory stresses special kind discrimination learning called observational learning modeling person acquires response situation simply watching response social settings things witness rapidity bizarre dance step sweeps country imitation chapter page plays important role learning recall chapter page babies imitate mouth movements early infancy seen mouths age babies imitating activities readily eagerly adults children imitate reinforce generalized class imitation responses reinforcement learning imitation apparent fact pointed chapter imitation learning depend reinforcement learner need response order learn remember perform later calls trial learning maintains learner acquires stores internal representational responses images verbal coding permit person remember response period conditions teenage skater watch stars ice show week later skates ice rink try moves apparent reinforcement observable response ice show clearly learning took place later imitation occurred
organic mental disorders caused alterations brain tissues brain chemistry brain damage result behavior disorders syphilis brain brain infections physical blows head disturbances blood oxygen supply brain brain tumors disorders metabolism physical brain age chemical agents alcohol behavior disorders due brain age due overuse alcohol common types chronic term organic mental disorders develop psychotic behavior senile dementia characterized delusions defects memory general disorientation person imagine talking dead imagine boring holes head memory grows worse forget insisting remember things happened chapter page frequently senile psychosis going words generally disoriented able care everyday needs require care home institution senile dementia due brain damage damage caused deficiencies blood circulation brain accumulating fatty deposits small arterioles supplying brain cells smaller diameter blood flow portion brain markedly diminished cells die part brain brain damage senile psychosis specific instance grow older constantly lose nerve cells replaced substances neurotransmitters chapter page diminished
classical conditioning technique noxious stimulation classical conditioning techniques discussed earlier ways reducing fear contrast idea aversion therapy condition patient afraid repelled stimuli lead unwanted behavior individual electric shocks smoking person associate pain uncomfortable feelings produced unconditioned stimulus shock conditioned stimuli cigarettes cigarette smoke feel cigarette mouth short individual afraid cigarettes person receiving therapy afraid thoughts smoking anticipation thinking smoking produces uncomfortable feelings thoughts avoided aversion therapy alcoholics sight smell taste liquor paired drug nausea conditioning makes feel sick smell taste liquor aversion therapy confused punishment punishment remember noxious event contingent individual performing response aversion therapy aim condition unpleasant feelings stimulus distinction clear kinds drug treatment alcoholism saw aversion therapy sickness producing drug paired sight smell taste liquor liquor makes person feel sick drinking avoided punishment approach involves giving drug sick actually drink sickness contingent drinking kind therapy works cases punishment sick drinking behavior main problem aversion therapy conditioned responses depends extinguish conditioning sessions frequently repeated
condition equilibrium developed fully chapter mathematical statement fact forces tendency rotate body forces act line action forces act concurrent order body equilibrium exceptional case forces parallel lines action discussed chapter condition equilibrium ensures body translational equilibrium rotational equilibrium statement body complete equilibrium conditions satisfied essence newton law motion newton law exactly words original statement translated latin principia written reads body continues rest uniform motion straight line compelled change forces impressed rotational motion explicitly mentioned newton clear fully understood conditions forces satisfy rotation constant newton law motion evident place law asserts absence applied force body remains rest moves uniformly straight line
preceding chapters discussed separately concepts force acceleration problems equilibrium newton law states resultant force body acceleration body logical step ask body behaves resultant force answer question contained newton law states resultant force body moves accelerated motion acceleration force depends property body known mass part mechanics includes study motion forces bring motion called dynamics broadest sense dynamics includes nearly mechanics statics treats special cases acceleration deals motion assumed chapter velocities small compared velocity light relativistic considerations arise assume stated velocities accelerations measured relative inertial reference system section consider rectilinear motion motion curved path discussed chapter experience object rest starts move push pull exerted body
physical quantities mass body measured ways relation quantity defined case ratio force body acceleration measured force applied body acceleration measured unknown mass obtained dividing force acceleration method exclusively measure masses atomic particles method consists finding trial body mass equal body known consider method determining masses equal point earth surface bodies fall freely acceleration weight body equals product mass acceleration follows point weights bodies equal masses equal equal arm balance instrument means determine precisely weights bodies equal masses equal seen preceding discussion property matter called mass makes evident ways force gravitational attraction particles proportional product masses sense mass considered property matter virtue particle exerts force attraction particle
discussion principles mechanics concerned primarily particles problems involving body size negligibly small assumed motion terms motion point point mass serves model represent body size shape relevant problem discussion problems model inadequate important class problems involves rigid bodies undergo translational rotational motion rigid body body perfectly definite unchanging shape idealized model real materials deform forces exerted model cases deformations neglected general type motion rigid body undergo combination translation rotation preceding chapters discussed translational motion point straight line curve discuss motion rotation fixed axis motion rotation translation equations describing rotation fixed axis exactly analogous encountered rectilinear motion axis fixed problem complicated attempt give complete discussion general case translation rotation figure represents rigid body arbitrary shape rotating fixed axis point perpendicular plane diagram
motion body acted constant force considered detail chapters motion constant acceleration found derive expressions position velocity body velocity position present chapter study motion body resultant force constant varies motion naturally infinite number ways force vary general expressions motion body acted variable force acceleration instant equal force instant divided mass body class problems occur practical situations develop formulas special case problems involve situation body equilibrium position displaced equilibrium experiences restoring force undergo motion past equilibrium position familiar pendulum mass suspended string equilibrium position mass hangs straight displaced position mass simply return equilibrium position swings regular repetitive manner repetitive motion periodic examples cited balance wheel watch pistons gasoline engine strings musical instrument
study fluids motion complex branches mechanics illustrated familiar examples fluid flow river flood swirling cloud cigarette smoke drop water smoke particle governed newton laws motion resulting equations exceedingly complex fortunately situations practical importance represented idealized models simple permit detailed analysis begin consider called ideal fluid internal friction viscosity assumption approximation liquids gas treated provided flow pressure differences internal friction fluid rise shearing stresses adjacent layers fluid move relative fluid flows inside tube obstacle cases shearing forces neglected comparison gravitational forces forces arising pressure differences path element moving fluid called line flow general velocity element magnitude direction line flow element passing point follows line flow preceding elements flow steady stationary flow started passes instances flow steady period elapsed
thermodynamics concerned energy relationships principles thermodynamics stated reference defined system quantity matter thermodynamic system interact surroundings ways transfer heat familiar quantity gas confined cylinder piston energy added system conduction heat mechanical system piston exerts force move displacement thermodynamics roots intensely practical problems steam engine steam turbine makes heat combustion coal fuel perform mechanical drive electric generator pull train perform function gasoline engine automobile similar function practical applications customary discuss energy relations thermodynamic system terms system surroundings terms system surroundings view newton law negative system convention clarified section heat understood basis microscopic mechanical energy kinetic potential energies individual molecules material develop principles thermodynamics microscopic viewpoint
thousands physical chemical observations support hypothesis matter phases composed tiny particles called molecules molecules substance identical structure mass mechanical electrical properties large scale properties matter discussed heretofore elasticity surface tension condensation vaporization comprehended deeper understanding terms molecular theory simplest model molecule rigid sphere small billiard ball capable moving colliding molecules wall exerting attractive repulsive forces neighboring molecules parts physics chemistry important consider structure molecule point smallest molecules order size largest times large essential characteristic molecule force exists neighboring molecule course force gravitational attraction pair molecules turns negligible comparison forces considered forces hold molecules liquid solid chiefly electrical origin follow simple inverse square law separation molecules large gas force extremely small attractive
term pitch refers attribute sound sensation enables classify note high low loudness subjective quantity measured instruments pitch related objective quantity frequency correspondence pure tone constant intensity pitch higher frequency increased pitch pure tone constant frequency lower intensity level raised notes played musical instruments rich harmonics prominent fundamental presented array frequencies constituting harmonic series ear assigns characteristic pitch combination pitch fundamental frequency series definite pitch sensation eliminate fundamental frequency entirely means filters changing pitch ear apparently supply fundamental provided correct harmonics present surprising property ear enables small loudspeaker radiate low frequencies give impression radiation low frequency region speaker fairly efficient radiator frequencies harmonics listener believes actually hearing low frequencies hearing multiples frequencies ear supplying fundamental deliberate distortion harmonics low musical notes small radio set totally inadequate low frequency range sound larger acoustically superior console set
suppose ballistic galvanometer connected fig measure quantity charge capacitor let switch closed momentarily allowing capacitor discharge galvanometer immediately opened surge charge starts galvanometer coil swinging rotating magnetic field emf induced current switch opened closed circuit motion coil controlled solely suspension friction entirely absent coil oscillate indefinitely angular harmonic motion let shunt resistor sh fig connected galvanometer terminals experiment repeated motion galvanometer affected reasons part discharge current capacitor bypassed shunt impulse imparted coil correspondingly galvanometer shunt form closed circuit switch opened current swinging coil side thrusts current give rise torque coil direction torque oppose motion coil aid bringing rest energy standpoint part kinetic energy swinging coil dissipated increasing internal energy temperature coil shunt resistor motion coil damped harmonic
earliest speculations origin magnetic properties piece lodestone permanent magnet substance contained number particles tiny magnet unmagnetized body magnets thought oriented random process magnetizing body consisted aligning elementary magnets discovered magnetic effects produced currents ampere proposed theory magnetic properties body arose multitude tiny closed current loops body currents loops assumed continue indefinitely resistance theory proposed highly speculative currents known continue indefinitely believe theory essentially correct elementary current loops consisting electrons spinning axes revolving orbits nuclei seen current loop magnetic field experiences torque similar torque exerted bar magnet attributable magnetic moment current loop viewpoints basis magnetic behavior matter inconsistent theory diamagnetism based faraday law electrons atom thought revolving orbits parent nuclei paths equivalent current loops resistance motion goes indefinitely magnetic field established material increasing flux rise emf loop electrons accelerated decelerated depending direction revolution
discussion electric magnetic fields chapters classified general categories includes fields vary electrostatic field distribution charges rest magnetic field steady current conductor examples fields vary point point space vary individual point situations found treat electric magnetic fields independently worrying unduly interactions fields category includes situations fields vary cases found treat fields independently faraday law tells varying magnetic field acts source electric field field manifested directly induction accelerators section indirectly induced emf transformers similarly developing general formulation ampere law section valid charging capacitors similar situations ordinary conductors found regard changing electric field source magnetic field field changing field kind induced adjacent regions space led naturally consider possibility electromagnetic disturbance consisting varying electric magnetic fields propagate space region absence matter intervening region
understanding result wait einstein special theory relativity published einstein realized classical equation combining relative velocities eq limiting case general equation general equation leads result velocity light wave magnitude relative reference frames velocity relative frames relativistic addition velocities discussed detail section ether breeze past breeze effect velocity light relative result rays fig travel relative speed regardless orientation path difference shift rotated presumed ether plays role concept ether underlying principle einstein theory special relativity stated follows preferred frame reference measurement speed light speed observer regard magnitude direction velocity relative observers according geometrical optics opaque object point light source screen fig edges object cast sharp shadow screen light reaches screen points geometrical shadow shadow screen uniformly illuminated
explained section antenna radiate direction length antenna axis send light observer directly course send light directions light reaching observer comes component vibration axis case waves antenna light polarized electric field parallel antenna vectors axis point show direction vibration light reaching observer process called scattering energy scattered light abstracted original beam weakened process vibration charges molecule forced vibration vibration mass spring upper end spring moved simple harmonic motion known amplitude forced vibrations increases driving frequency approaches natural frequency vibration spring mass systems natural frequencies electric charges molecule range light ultraviolet region spectrum frequencies waves visible light natural frequency higher frequency shorter wavelength closer driving frequency natural frequency greater amplitude vibration greater intensity scattered light
forces hold protons neutrons nucleus despite electrical repulsion protons familiar sort unique nucleus aspects nuclear force incompletely understood qualitative features depend charge neutrons protons bound short range nucleus pull additional protons neutrons range stronger electrical forces nucleus stable nearly constant density nuclear matter interact simultaneously nucleons vicinity contrast behavior electrical forces proton nucleus repels limitation maximum number nucleons interact called saturation analogous respects covalent bonding solids finally nuclear forces favor binding pairs particles protons opposite spin neutrons opposite spin pairs pairs pair protons pair neutrons total spin alpha particle exceptionally stable nuclear structure qualitative features nuclear force helpful understanding kinds nuclear instability discussed sections
style writing style car gown greek temple ordinary materials nicely aligned standing daily scene compelling look materials daily language voice outlines style writing alignment writing chips uncertainties hems haws knows talk written page speak common language uncommonly style aim spoken voice thoughts requires craftsman discover knots potentials material words polished wood stones learn enjoy phrasing syntax punctuation keeps straight writing labor love love bring unexpected pleasure satisfaction style gifted contrary style personality develop stylistic side writing fact side analyzed learned stylistic approach practical approach learn things learn strokes tennis ultimate game begin form naturally takes practice doctor lawyer golfer tennis player practicing write practically perfect letter learn play able write respectable sentence express thoughts clearly puffing flailing
writing matter conviction learn school exercises course exercises body builders extensions real contests ahead convinced write meaning meaning lukewarm hypothetical truly writing stretch wings wide range writing simply graceful articulate extension writing easy naturally natural certainly help takes unending practice essay polished exercise trial eliot says raid inarticulate writing clarify thoughts grasp writing thinking process writing merely actually creates thought generates ability think writing discover thoughts knew writing kinds forgotten impressions lost facts surprising updrafts words knowledge support flight test thoughts opposites answer questions rising mind conviction grows learn write end rewritten rearranged rhetorical effectiveness words carry readers believe believe understand subject understand subject seriously subject grain salt attitude center prose importantly tone hollow sentences moldy page fuzzy nouns clustered densely passive constructions academic career worst dangers lie immediately ahead freshmen learn write tolerably sophomore senior academic damp frequently sets graduate school cut gray mold cheese knife
diagramming pro con structures outlining argument marijuana actually points argument outlining start thoughts moving start getting order giving lean write thing grasp outlines seldom letter help headings represent equal space finished essay heading paragraphs sentences fluid pressure writing force revision laid plans incidental sentence swell entire section scheduled section end scrapped outline helps lay things straight helps spot gaps argument arguments test relationships parts certify thesis validate assertion outline reading grasp outline plan essay straighten thinking reader grasp think write largely free association explain thoughts fully readers need discover outline logical pattern logic paper write heading heading sure direction order ascending interest push ideas constantly crowding outline scheduled place ahead logical effective firm thesis short paper need outline points help arrange ascending interest turn point sheet paper think title
induction deduction paths reasoning induction leading thinking evidence general conclusion deduction leading general precept parts consequences modes fallacies induction science collects facts sees sir francis bacon laid inductive program famous sive vera de instrument true evidence concerning interpretation nature bacon war abstract deductions rigid measure nature subtlety instrument changed entire course thought bacon deduced consequences general ideas bacon looked induced generalizations saw observed facts called ideas question theories replaced truths bacon died cold caught stuffing chicken carcass snow inductive test refrigeration induction strength basic fallacy strength taking faith ideas facts suggested fallacy assuming mind start blank prior ideas theoretically bacon previous ideas refrigeration theoretically experiment aimlessly noticed consistencies lead icebox actually experience hunch half formed theory suggest experimental tests induction words mixed deduction major difference tentative frame mind making hypothesis merely borrowing honored assumption keeping hypothesis hypothetical
writing sentences naturally breathing variation close look varieties sentence varieties shaggy tangled offshoots simple active sentence basic english genus john hits joe action moving straight subject verb object subject verb object sentence infinitely grafted contorted general varieties loose strung aristotle phrase periodic english naturally runs loose thoughts nature strung subject verb object comes mind simply added comes word order happily acquired french result norman conquest loose sentence puts subject verb early periodic sentence characteristic german latin ancestry ideas hang air girders interconnections locked final word period john student class tallest handsome hits joe periodic sentence words suspends meaning end subject verb widely separated verb end varieties english sentence partly germanic oak french cured latin aristotle observed greek piece piece periodic species simply represent ways thought natural stringing thoughts careful contrivance emphasis suspense sentences hybrids loose periodic learn active verbs john hits joe simple active pattern parts showing subject verb object opposed verbs passive voice joe hit john put backwards words hit john passive voice makes real doer john inactive passive resting end sentence starting action beginning
compound sentence linking simple sentences coordinating conjunction colon semicolon complex hooking lesser sentences main sentence subordinating compound sentence coordinates treating level complex subordinates putting main sufficient idea compound links ideas basic simple sentence complex simple sentence elaborated clauses merely phrases compound represents strung thinking complex frequently represents periodic essentially compound sentence simple minded set clauses string child description birthday party instance paper hats pinned tail donkey chocolate ice cream randy sat piece cake won prize thinking postgraduate regions simply pacing related thoughts breaking staccato simple statement briskly connects effect clock struck run relates knowledge commonwealth human nature dissolves dogged timidity link sorts effect speed bring clause happy afterthought momentous consequence compound sentence follows enduring colloquial patterns simple sequence things occur mind pace immediacy dramatic effect talk hemingway instance numb tension shell shocked mind reducing character thoughts level sentences night sat table
writing literature film music painting writing literature distinctly writing art discover meanings deepen try clear meaningful significant difference lies literature expository argument literature essay write story essay write poem essay states point literature implies point poem short story play motion picture acts underlying idea remains unstated lyric poem dramatized moment voice speaking intensely beautifully larger drama poem demonstrates presents represents tell exactly arts actions imitating grand human predicament write literature discover decide point points imply act poems statements course characters plays novels films statements poem character author thesis explicitly select stated thesis things interpret light statements entire action hamlet says readiness thesis hamlet found important answer brooding inaction thesis certainly need qualify murderous ambitions thinking appearance reality strange dark web thought circumstance play caught control
begin individual writes scott fitzgerald find created type begin type find created writer created words merely borrowed stereotype figure thin conventional uninteresting worse irritating author thinks offered fixed outline rich poor merchant chief negro jew scotsman irishman reflecting haughty prejudices produced effective character individual real person fanciful setting mission impossible character typical human spectrum mean actually fitzgerald wrong starting type writers start precisely young lover worried parent individualize type chaucer marvelous array types vividly individual greater character individualized complex motives traits universally typical universal model forevermore don quixote falstaff hamlet huckleberry finn analyzing describing characters look type labeling help describe readers names tell flora goddess flowers ultimate tightwad try find label budding adolescent ineffectual pushy matron wily lawyer present clearly show clearly energies conflicting fictional drama ask author leaves merely typical forster divided characters round flat contrast remained highly
ultimate evaluative question ask hate answer evaluation extremely hard dangerous applies inappropriate standards badly wrong critics beethoven dissonance warmth judgement wrong eternal freeze indecision mind gathered firmly reasoned conviction mind try reach judgement book movie poor amount particulars tell general film takes place hours hoboken characters search lost train relive lives fall love move tracks richer experience ably perfectly believable characters look speak real say trains pass night explain readers movie love hate compassion vindictiveness sympathy selfishness understanding ignorance perception agony wonder human book held attention moved feel amounted short thesis story boy prep school run city school suddenly turned ashes mouth system false turn dust touched finds city devious ways comes center sustain false surfaces give equally lost find mutual support family stable center sees center saw void
english britain named romans inhabitants celts western european branch roman empire risen flourished begun totter caesar invaded britain conquest colonization began century later angles saxons jutes landed southern england bringing language english romans lived died britain representing dominant culture hundred century longer europeans lived america latin southern european branch language england english romance language italian spanish french roman empire slipped alaric sieges finally sacked rome gothic tribes raiding roman gaul modern france britain empire farthest outpost emperor honorius wrote british cities fend legions withdrew citizens elegant resort city bath abandoned sank sulphur marsh totally lost forgotten hundred native chieftains began gather strength invited saxon lords help fend raiding irish brothers means stallion horse jutes landed kent coast south thames continued dominate kent angles saxons closely related race language landed southern coast later eastern coast north invaders power language prevailed scattered fragments left romans
language english upper class culture norman french anglo saxon underground speech peasants riches anglo saxon poetry whale road sea eard earth wandering outcast found common prose disappeared language norse words acquired common parlance anglo saxon days begin writing eventually replacing english synonyms central words sky die fellow leg low egg awe english words acquired norse synonym slightly differing meaning rear raise fro craft skill hide skin til sick ill shirt skirt female version belted anglo saxon smock shirt worn sexes sk word modern english likely norse norse endowed pronoun clear distinction english pronouns reason important norse words surfacing norman conquest aloft athwart seemly norseman significant imprint english norse recent norman french cut anglo saxon writing accelerated incipient change synthetic analytic grammar offering reinforcement language analytic structure words directly latin language learning science french words derived directly ancestral latin english french words surviving side side give interesting opportunities hearty cordial ask demand answer reply house mansion ghost spirit room chamber shun avoid boil yearly annual pairs french half carries air social superiority house mansion instance anglo saxon peasantry herded language calves steers swine sheep refrained killing deer french lords ladies ate french veal beef pork mutton venison
language jamestown plymouth brought america ample heritage potential especially fluid fluent late renaissance significant shift pronunciation completed progress english vowels ay ee oo shifted continental quality shared sister languages modern english double vowels say hear single letters think pronounce rhyme ee beginning fifteenth century shifted ah ee sounded modern shifted ee ai oo changed oo au ouch virginia retain older ancestors fully shifted calling house huh oos mouse oos english hoos mus english speaking canadians ancestors largely scotland centuries later say words virginians scotland english fully shifted au british american pronunciations differ considerably england south nearer british dropping final differing educated british ways areas settled east anglican region southeastern england including london middle area jersey delaware maryland pennsylvania stretches west coast northwest northern english regions remained hard trilled americans say water england southern vast majority americans detect regional differences exist qualities pronunciation vocabulary radio tv movies american pronunciation considerably levels education affluence produce marked differences dialects black english lines regional social groups america explicitly drawn pronunciation upper class working class england numerous regional rural dialects britain retain differing traces anglo saxon nordic times dialects americans britishers difficulty understanding
object body rest remains rest equilibrium body need rest equilibrium fact discussed chap cases obvious body move lb object shown fig rest rope ceiling keeps falling examine object detail forces acting need hold object hand pulling straight earth downward pull force object result gravitational attraction earth elaborate point discuss fully later chapter merely fact body rest earth pulled earth force call weight force shown downward lb vector fig refer pull gravity experimental observation shows pushes pulls upward body lb force fall earth case rope pulls upward body force equal weight lb force represented upward vector fig experiment body move upward downward vertical forces acting body balance case upward pull rope lb exactly balances lb downward force resulting gravitational attraction earth
physical law statement matter behaves laws control existed exist forever purpose basic research physical sciences discover laws understanding science equivalent knowing laws nature consequences mistakes think physical laws incorrect statements believe laws course laws nature aristotle believed discovered law nature stated heavier bodies accelerate earth faster lighter bodies fact discovered law physics physical law actual law nature applies situation discovered centuries later galileo seen law galileo discovered acceleration falling bodies known complete general objects spaceship behave differently galileo falling weights earth satellite ship objects occupant ship fall completely weightless course galileo knowing natural proposed law nature incomplete measurements accurate show body accelerates differently gravity places earth
newton astronomers discovered planets solar system revolve sun motions known high precision accurate predictions future motions accomplished real understanding reasons motions newton showed nature forces involved planetary motion knew moving body continue move straight line forever acted external force clear external force acted planets planets move nearly circular orbits external force deflecting straight line path experience tells ball revolving circle end string held circular path pull string pull string ball center circle pull object center circle called centripetal force discuss fully chap newton concluded planets experience force directed sun force holds nearly circular paths orbits sun pictured sun exerting type attractive force planets moon circles earth attraction moon earth attractive force moon holds orbit earth moons circling planets attraction body appears general phenomena
likely jump completely erroneous conclusions interpreting experiences person seated center car seat thinks pushed side car rounds corner assert force pushing sideways threw side hard injure nonsense course mysterious ghost pushing side car certainly material object pushing direction mistaken person claim mysterious force suddenly acted throw violently dashboard car suddenly stopped knows forward momentum lost force retarded motion car suddenly stopped continued going forward dashboard car began exert force stop moving forward merely newton idea things continue motion force acts stop similarly car turning corner friction pavement tires pushed horizontally car altered straight line motion bad sitting middle nearly seat friction force seat pants seat small alter straight line motion slid straight line hit side car exerted force travel curved path automobile
angular momentum object system obeys conservation law obeyed linear momentum stated follows external act body system angular momentum remain constant system continue rotate axis change called law conservation angular momentum notice law states constant isolated body states orientation axis rotates remain unchanged law governs operation stabilized similar devices large wheel set rotating north south axis wheel change orientation readily large forces applied torque applied rotating system resulting motion system interesting appears contradict expect happen analysis effects complicated pursue course effects easily demonstrated instructor show axis rotation object change orientation external torque fact importance earth circles sun sizable torque experienced earth major force pull sun radial force earth axis rotation remains fixed direction reference universe respect distant stars behavior fig
let return discussion fluid pressure effects air surrounding atmosphere important fluid pressure considerable importance atmospheric pressure influential variable processes section discuss ways atmospheric pressure measured familiar fact increasing barometric pressures precede weather decreasing low barometric pressures characteristic bad weather daily barometric pressure weather reports primary pieces data predicting weather important application purposes boiling points liquids change depending pressure barometric pressure needed laboratory let examine operation barometer consider situation shown fig beaker filled mercury open glass tube immersed mercury surfaces inside tube open air air pressures equal air pressure surfaces result weight air earth ideal vacuum pump connected end tube shown fig pump remove air tube pressure mercury surface tube reduced
remarked universe left things bad worse crude sense summarizes law thermodynamics seen law statement energy conservation say course events universe energy conserved stone falls gravitational pe changed stone strikes ground comes rest changed thermal energy stone resting ground thermal energy goes shooting air law rule possibility reverse process conserves energy process occur processes universe ruled law occur heat flows hot cold cold hot water evaporates saucer vapor air saucer dead body decays turns dust elements earth spontaneously form body reverse process nature preferred direction course spontaneous events law tells direction history thermodynamics law stated fully equivalent ways earliest statements simply summarizes fact heat flows naturally hot cold heat flows spontaneously hotter colder object vice versa
nearly vibrating body sends wave aware fact musical tones piano violin result waves air vibration stretched string clarinet sends sound waves air case source vibration reed blown player trumpet wave generated vibration trumpeter lips mouthpiece instrument sources musical sounds drum triangle cymbals source consists vibrating body acts generate waves air stopped think watching tv hear transmitted station waves station generated electromagnetic waves vibrating electrical charge antenna tv set responded waves regenerated light sound waves traveled room break bone doctor certainly rays type wave determine nature fracture ray picture break doctor suggest treating strained muscles form wave motion heat infrared radiation types waves commonplace wave phenomenon noticeable chap extent baseball considered wavelike properties
obtain charged bodies examine forces charges simplest ways tiny pith balls light balls covered metallic paint simple matter charge balls means glass rods balls suspended light threads interesting experiments performed illustrated fig experimental results shown fig conclude charges repel positive charges repel negative charges unlike charges attract positive charges attract negative charges vice versa magnitude electrical forces charged bodies exceeds gravitational attraction bodies experiments illustrated show materials atoms atoms electrons nuclei aware electrical properties substances vary widely basic groups substances divided according electrical properties conductors nonconductors insulators group insulators electrons atom bound tightly atom wander material excess charge end rod insulator electrons adjacent atoms move attraction repulsion nearby excess charge strongly bound atoms free large motion charge occurs rod
magnetic field exists region magnet start describe magnetic field terms effect compass needle compass needle merely small magnet end needle points north result earth magnetic field denoted north pole needlelike magnet define magnetic field north pole compass needle points direction parallel field mind fact poles repel unlike poles attract simple matter plot magnetic fields simple suppose wish plot magnetic field bar magnet compass set vicinity magnet align direction magnetic field illustrated fig compasses shown satisfy north poles needles arrowheads line shown repulsion north pole attraction south pole bar magnet picture magnetic field consists drawing series lines magnet lines show direction compass needle point bar magnet fig fields types magnets shown parts figure
laboratory ammeters voltmeters modified operate basically essentially consist coil wire suspended magnetic field current flows wire coil experiences force interaction current magnetic field force tends rotate coil rotational movement coil measure current flowing schematic diagram galvanometer coil shown fig current flows upper wire loops coil bottom wire coil mounted rotate line oo axis permanent magnet produces field left coil upper lower portions coil carry current parallel magnetic field force hand rule finding direction forces wires tells side coil experience force page side experience force page forces essentially equal opposite exert torque coil coil rotates twists spring turn opposes turning coil coil turn restoring torque furnished spring equal torque caused current coil force wire torque proportional current angle coil turns restoring spring proportional provided spring obeys hooke law
current circuit varies recall current rate change charge rate change charge capacitor current circuit merely slope curve obtains plotted curve plotted fig need plot slope graph current circuit shown black curve fig notice nt step voltage current maximum voltage reach maximum cycle later say current leads voltage cycle capacitive circuit implies power dissipated circuit interval fig current coming positive terminal power source positive source furnishing power portion cycle current actually going direction opposite source source charged discharged portion gh cycle source furnishing energy section charged circuit apparent power source charged energy fed discharged furnishing energy circuit
schematic picture carbon atom consistent rutherford result shown fig size nucleus electrons smaller radius atom large shown figure picture acceptable stands stable mechanically positive nucleus attract negative electrons fall nucleus neutralized fact proved electrostatic forces capable holding stationary group charges static equilibrium stationary electrons nucleus arranged space remain fixed place speculate electrons circling nucleus planets circle sun inverse square gravitational force supplies centripetal force needed hold planet orbit similar situation apply atom inverse square coulomb attraction replacing gravitational force idea recommend nearly overwhelming reason believing electron rotates positive nucleus creates effect oscillating pair charges maxwell equations predict oscillating charge system radiate em waves manner discussed antenna atom waves high frequency light waves atom oscillator radiated energy bound run
proceeding spectrum emitted absorbed atoms molecules solids let briefly summarize requirements line spectrum originates case widely separated atoms situation speak distinct electronic shells nucleus electron falls shell definite amount energy lost distinct wavelength light emitted atoms light appears line spectrometer spectrum isolated atoms line spectrum begin pack atoms liquid solid picture longer valid consider atoms shells illustrated fig electrons shell seriously affected neighbor atom longer say electron energy shell single isolated atom simplicity assume shells seriously overlapped neighbor atom energies changed transitions lower shells give rise short wavelength emission ultraviolet ray visible infrared radiation result transitions outer shells follows emitted visible light seriously dependent closeness atoms ultraviolet ray emission affected factor exact calculations confirm reasoning
nucleus undergoes fission fuel rod highly unstable intermediate nuclei formed undergo extensive radioactive decay eject high energy particles process particles slowed energy changed heat heating reactor system heat carried heat exchanger heavy water heat exchanger heat transferred ordinary water steam boiler system steam generated steam power electric turbine steam direct contact reactor core reason level radioactivity low fluid circulates core bombarded radiation fission products portions core material highly radioactive material fuel rods months original fissionable material depleted rods removed replaced unfortunately satisfactory disposal method waste material rods material consists highly radioactive fairly lived fission products takes centuries radioactivity decay harmless levels disposal waste major drawbacks nuclear reactors reactors provide radioactive materials medical industrial radiation sources presently hospitals industry research laboratories placing suitable materials core reactor addition research reactors exist parts
concept violent motion difficulties pushes pulls responsible evident bowstring moved arrow arrow left bow explanation arrow motion require pushing agent imagined parting air moving arrow resulted squeezing effect rear arrow air rushed prevent vacuum forming arrow propelled air bar soap propelled bathtub squeeze end sum aristotle taught motions resulted nature moving object sustained push pull provided body proper place move subjected force celestial bodies normal rest aristotle statements motion beginning scientific thought consider final words subject followers nearly regarded views question implicit thinking ancient medieval early renaissance times notion normal bodies rest evident thinkers sixteenth century earth proper place force capable moving earth inconceivable clear earth move
newton law relates acceleration body net force exerted let examine carefully mean net consider happens force exerted body friend pull direction equal forces object object acceleration pulled pull equal forces opposite directions object accelerate oppositely directed forces object cancel forces considered negative add algebraically forces applied object opposite directions acceleration object found proportional algebraic sum forces forces direction simply added opposite directions subtracted pull object force newtons friend pulls opposite direction force newtons resulting acceleration pulled force newtons resulting newtons net force net force accelerates things forces pulling angle opposite directions add geometrically complicated case treated appendix iii
model gravity unlike newton presented einstein general theory relativity einstein perceived gravitational field geometrical warping dimensional space bodies put dents space massive ball middle large dents dimensional surface massive ball greater dent warp roll marble top bed ball marble roll straight line path roll marble ball curve rolls indented surface curve closes marble orbit ball elliptical circular path speaking loosely say newtonian view marble curves attracted ball view marble curves force surface moves curves chapter treat einstein theory gravitation detail suppose indestructible stand surface star weight depend mass star mass distance star center bellybutton star burn collapse half size change mass weight surface times greater inverse square law star collapsed tenth size weight surface times
kinetic energy momentum quantities motion object momentum body collision add subtract velocity momentum vector quantity directional capable cancelled entirely kinetic energy scalar quantity mass cancelled momenta cars head collision cancel combined wreck collision momentum kinetic energies add evidenced deformation heat collision momenta firecrackers approaching cancel explode energies cancel energies transform forms momenta vector quantity momentum scalar quantity kinetic energy difference velocity dependence momentum proportional velocity kinetic energy proportional square velocity object moves velocity object mass momentum times kinetic energy provide impulse body encounters times consider lead bullet fired large block wood strikes impulse tends knock block momentum bullet transferred block bullet strikes velocity capability knocking block
think continuing evolution universe suited live future dart universe able jet today supply fuel assured fuel fusion found part universe stars interstellar space percent atoms universe estimated hydrogen future supply raw materials assured elements result fusing hydrogen nuclei simply put fuse double weight hydrogen nuclei deuterium oxygen twenty iron future humans likely synthesize elements produce energy process stars humans stars energy makes stars shine potential hydrogen limited nuclear fusion twenty century hydrogen chemical fuel nuclear fuel hydrogen gas replace natural gas conventional heating cooling appliances slight adjustments cars trucks buses ships trains operate hydrogen present internal combustion engines past hydrogen proven consistently excellent fuel standard test automobiles
covalent bonding consists sharing electrons atom neighboring atoms circling atom outer electrons circle atoms binding package covalent bonds strong produce substances physical properties diamond form pure carbon extremely hard graphite form pure carbon bonded soft slippery lubricant door locks difference physical properties comes carbon atoms diamond bonded neighboring carbon atoms directions graphite bonding takes place layers crystalline layers graphite results weak bond atoms adjacent layers layers freely slip provide excellent lubricating property graphite metallic bonding covalent bonding electrons shared atoms outer electrons atoms metals free migrate atomic lattice moving cloud loosely coupling atoms drift mobile bonding accounts conductivity electricity heat metals electric voltage applied conduction electrons drift atomic lattice electric current heat applied metal solid conduction electrons increase speed move randomly colliding atomic lattice heat conducted metal easily
warm air rises expect atmosphere warmer increasing altitude expect mountain tops warm green valleys cold snow covered case atmosphere cooler increasing altitude strange primary reason cooling higher altitudes fact warm air rises warm air rises region higher atmospheric pressure ground region pressure rising regions pressure expands rapid expansion air cooling process air cools consider molecule midst region expanding air molecule collides approaching greater speed rebound velocity increased molecule collides receding rebound velocity lessened easy ping pong ball rebounds faster approaching paddle receding paddle molecule region air expanding average collide greater proportion molecules receding approaching velocity decreases molecules slowing result lowering temperature energy case diluted spreads larger volume energy unit volume temperature
things nature wiggle jiggle call wiggle vibration wiggle space wave wave exit place extend place similarly vibration exist instant needs move fro light sound vibrations propagate space waves kinds sound propagation vibrations material medium medium vibrate sound hand light vibration nonmaterial electric magnetic fields vibration pure energy propagation space vibrating fields light waves light waves pass material media need light propagate vacuum sound light fundamentally source waves sound light vibrating sound vibrating prongs tuning fork light vibrations electrons atom begin study vibrations waves considering motion pendulum suspend small massive object end piece string simple pendulum pendulums swing fro regularity control motion clocks galileo discovered pendulum takes swing fro small distances depends length pendulum acceleration gravity
stringed instrument vibration strings transferred sounding board air considerable energy stringed instruments low efficiency producers sound find string sections orchestras large compensate fewer number higher efficiency wind instruments sufficiently balance larger group violins wind instrument sound emitted directly vibrations air columns instrument ways set air columns vibration brass instruments trumpet french horn trombone vibrations player lips interact standing waves set acoustic energy reflected instrument flaring bell lengths vibrating air columns manipulated valves add subtract extra segments woodwinds clarinet oboe saxophone reed set vibration stream air produced musician fife flute piccolo air blown edge hole produce fluttering stream sets air column vibration percussion instruments drums cymbals dimensional membrane elastic surface struck produce sound fundamental tone produced depends geometry elasticity cases tension surface pitch accomplished changing tension vibrating surface depressing edge drum membrane hand modes vibration set striking surface places
place iron core coil current carrying wire magnetic field intensified alignment magnetic domains iron wrap primary secondary coils atop iron core shaped guide magnetic field lines magnetic field produced primary completely intercepted secondary induce voltage secondary change current magnetic field primary opening closing switch produce change suppose alternating current power primary rate magnetic field primary secondary equal frequency alternating current transformer primary secondary coils equal number wire loops input output alternating voltages equal accomplishes secondary coil loops primary alternating voltage produced secondary coil greater primary case say voltage stepped transformer secondary coil loops primary induced voltage secondary primary secondary fewer loops primary alternating voltage produced secondary lower voltage primary say voltage stepped
sun incandescent source spectrum produces close examination continuous absorption lines called lines honor lines observed mapped accurately similar lines found spectra produced stars lines sun stars surrounded atmosphere cooler gases absorb frequencies light coming main body analysis lines reveals chemical composition atmospheres sources find studies elements elements exist earth interesting spectroscopic measurements sun spectral lines measured laboratories found lines identified element named helium helios sun helium discovered sun discovered earth study spectra emitted stars determine speeds moving sound source produces doppler shift pitch chapter moving light source produces doppler shift light frequency frequency speed light emitted approaching source increased frequency light receding source decreased spectral lines displaced violet end spectrum approaching sources red end spectrum receding sources universe expanding galaxies show red shift spectra
sensitivity rods decreases bright light find rods blue cones cones deep red rods light red light black rods tell colored objects say blue red blue brighter red dim light red brighter blue light effect interesting try dark room find magazine colors sure colors judge lighter darker areas carry magazine light remarkable shift brightest dimmest colors rods cones retina connected directly optic nerve interestingly connected cells connected cells interconnected carry information optic nerve interconnections amount information combined visual receptors digested retina light signal thought goes optic nerve main body brain brain functioning occurs eye eye thinking thinking betrayed iris colored part eye expands contracts regulates size pupil admitting light intensity light
problems overcome space travel routine experience option taking trip returning future century choosing depart earth high speed ship travel return live earthlings period depart try style jumping future expense trip past return era earth bid farewell travels forward earth move constantly future steady rate hours deep space astronaut live fact rate rapid rate experiences credo star travelers physical condition permanent farewell past past experience past look night skies starlight impinging eyes left stars dozens hundreds millions ago stars ago eyewitnesses ancient history speculate happened stars interim looking light left star say ago follows civilized beings solar system seeing light left ago possessed able eyewitness earthly events century ago aftermath american civil war instance
atoms emit light specific frequencies characteristic vibrational rate electrons atom atom clock slowing clocks slowing atomic vibrations atom sun gravitation strong emit light lower frequency slower vibration light emitted kind atom earth effect called gravitational red shift red light low frequency end visible spectrum lowering frequency shifts color red gravitational red shift observed light sun disturbing influences prevent accurate measurements tiny effect wasn entirely technique high frequency gamma rays radioactive atoms permitted incredibly precise confirming measurements gravitational slowing top bottom floors laboratory building harvard university measurements depend relative motion learned chapter relative gravitational field intensities regions events taking place measured dilation special relativity relative differences motion observed frame reference frame reference observations gravitational red shift general relativity relative differences gravitational field intensities location event location observation event taking place
popular school thought oscillating theory universe throw rock skyward things happen rock simply goes momentarily stops comes throw faster kilometers escape velocity earth continues upward motion similarly universe expanding rate universe escape velocity universe expansion finally run course momentarily stop fall cycle estimated billion billion continue outward expansion billion momentarily rest universe maximum diameter galaxies farthest show doppler shift light begin contraction billion contracting size universe galaxies show blue shifts red shifts billion big crunch universe collapses black hole presumably gush universe billion enchanting universe expands indefinitely depends mass contained universe
help develop interest methodology think question hope course answer wondering mental disorder inherited curious competitive situations exams poorly maybe want fall love question mind read chapter finished able begin design psychological study help answer question general procedure psychologists conducting studies simply decide kind data give meaningful answer question investigating gather data means methods analyze data means statistical techniques method psychologists choose study depends surprisingly nature question want answer social psychologist studying attitudes conduct survey psychotherapist interested formulating theory personality begin case studies intensive observation individuals developmental psychologist wants assess continuities behavior childhood adulthood design longitudinal study collecting data individuals occasions lives physiological psychologist studying relationships brain behavior conduct laboratory experiment
course training psychologists taught anticipate avoid methodological errors double blind technique danger fulfilling prophecy affect findings despite investigator training efforts errors occur need bring errors light reason requirement findings scientific study replicated duplicated psychologist laboratory accepted profession psychologist attempts reproduce conditions original study times investigator modifies condition original study instance adults general population subjects college students order assess generality psychologist findings results type replication study agree original study psychologists try figure series studies effects rhythmic stimulation infant development illustrates increased accuracy understanding result type replication process conditions original study modified pediatrician named lee salk reported study relation infant prenatal experience behavior birth salk hypothesis unborn child uterus hears mother heart beating learning process called imprinting chapter comes associate sound security comfort unborn infants assumed experience womb
tempting talk adaptive significance behavioral characteristic behavior represented purpose intended animal say frog purpose striking flies food inclined interpret fly venus flytrap plant reflexive closing leaves plant triggered stimulus fly moving relationship behavior case survival adaptive significance food getting obvious say frog flytrap perceives consequence fly fly catching simply automatic reaction contributes survival organisms similar animal human beings inclined interpret behavior motive purpose human behavior ascribe purpose behavior sense saying caused perception animal consequences behavior makes explanations animal behavior unnecessarily complex suggests explanations unjustified beginning chapter pregnant female rats raised build nest pregnant tempting describe nest building behavior pregnant rats purpose providing warmth seclusion offspring born
effects past experience problem solving longlived stable contrast emotional motivational states problem solver short term effect motivation problem solving familiar college students experience performing poorly test motivated study opposite experience common prepare test actually interfered test performance number studies validated experiences research optimal motivational level efficient problem solving optimal level appears vary type problem experiment performed birch investigated role motivation problem solving behavior chimpanzees birch varied subjects motivational levels depriving food forty hours task sticks tools reach food similar kohler insight experiments birch found efficient problem solving behavior demonstrated subjects deprived food moderate amount subjects developed moderate motivational levels animals low motivation condition especially hungry easily diverted task strongly interested obtaining food animals high motivation condition extremely hungry difficulty solving problem difficulty type
person begins single cell formed male germ cell sperm penetrates female germ cell egg unlike cells human body paired chromosomes germ cells twenty single chromosomes coiled threadlike structures carry genes units hereditary information germ cell formed process called meiosis twenty chromosome pairs single cell split rearranged distributed germ cells twenty single chromosomes conception twenty chromosomes mother germ cell pair twenty father complete set genetic instructions human meiosis fertilization guarantee variety egg sperm combination million combinations chromosomes individual exception identical twins egg sperm genetically unique exactly genes carried chromosomes influence development decades scientists pierced answer question chromosomes composed primarily strands complex substance called dna deoxyribonucleic acid gene small portion dna molecule code producing proteins body built specifies plan combining proteins form organ systems general physical properties body genes words chemical instructions development maintenance living organism
conservation concrete operational concepts older children gradually master included concepts dealing classification children understand ways classifying things answer question especially contrast thinking capacities older children preschoolers older children analyze objects separate levels coordinate thinking main skills needed master classification ability understand addition classes children class dogs poodles terriers spaniels words need understand breeds added form general class dogs conservation preschool children grasp concepts needed understand addition classes coordinate thinking simple shows kinds suppose child toy poodles terriers toy cats child asked sort similar toys separate piles early preschool child able sort properly late preschool child manage simple groups poodles terriers cats late preschool child experimenter begins pose number questions toys dogs child points group poodles group terriers
basic relationships noted early physicians confirmed modern techniques technique involves application mild electrical stimulation areas brain wilder cited earlier found trigger vivid memory sequences patients applying tiny electrical current points temporal lobe cerebral cortex stimulation part frontal lobe central fissure produced muscle movements opposite side body stimulation areas left hemisphere caused emit sounds prevented speaking stimulation sensory cortex caused patients claim touched body exact location area believed touched corresponded specific location brain addition electrical stimulation scientists chemicals stimulate brain small tube implanted animal brain end touches area stimulated small amount chemical delivered tube area experiments shown chemicals applied hypothalamus affect feeding drinking behavior sexual behavior promoted inhibited application minute amounts specific hormones parts hypothalamus fisher research involving chemical electrical stimulation develop picture cortex presented figure
pain skin pain interior body deep difficult pinpoint unpleasant bright localized pain skin kinds stimuli scratch puncture pressure heat cold twist produce pain common property real potential injury bodily tissue pain thresholds vary considerably person person laboratory mild skin pain shown disappear prolonged stimulation adaptation pain ordinary circumstances pain serves crucial function signaling amiss fortunate adapt pain danger signal clearly situation born ability feel pain experience severe burns broken bones ruptured appendix alerted pain signals protect injury seek medical attention discussion pain perception accompanying special feature chemical senses taste smell closely related receptors senses located close mouth throat nasal cavity separate sensations detected nose mouth confused experienced sensation smell taste interact appreciation food sense smell subtleties food flavor appreciated instance taste apple raw potato blocking nose difficulty distinguishing noticed food flat uninteresting flavor bad head cold
scientific investigations existence esp conducted united states early joseph rhine known researcher area tried prove scientific methodology esp exists tests telepathy sender focus card specific deck receiver locked distant room states card sender turned thinking studies sort produced mixed results researchers found individuals acting receivers able identify cards expected chance researchers found individuals able recently rhine expressed doubts telepathy verified acceptable scientific procedures doubt existence phenomenon convinced existence esp intense personal experience scientifically validated instance fears traveling imagine worst plane crash train automobile accident happen easily forget frightening premonitions improbable actually place premonitions turn compelling evidence existence precognition widely publicized evidence supporting phenomena quickly forget occasions premonitions completely wrong truly interested validating existence esp track frequency failures successes
times person aroused satisfied sexually individual tired preoccupied drunk angry partner anxious performing simply uninterested sex happens occasion individuals recurring experience upsetting problem prevents individual engaging sexual relations reaching orgasm sex known sexual dysfunction important recognize term applies problems sexual response sexual preferences called inappropriately cases deviations choice unusual sex objects modes gratification couple prefers oral genital sex mutual masturbation intercourse dysfunctional partners satisfied activities everyday conversation term impotence describe forms male sexual dysfunction similarly term frigidity applied manner female sexual problems implication woman totally unresponsive cold emotionally sexually popularly term tells precisely problem incorrectly suggest invariably permanent rejection sexuality goals sex researchers replace pejorative labels precise definitions specific dysfunctions psychologists reserve term impotence specific dysfunction inability achieve maintain erection reach orgasm partner able achieve maintain erection rare condition known primary impotence
decade increasing clamor freudian theory degrading women difficult freud writings liberally sprinkled passing references female inferiority basis conceptualization inferiority female psychology rests penis fact boys girls don according freud moment child notices basic anatomical difference moment begins psychologically biologically male female girls realization lacks fine piece equipment rise ineradicable jealousy famous penis envy beginning slide inferiority freud puts discovery castrated turning girl growth turning point starting notion penis deprivation penis envy freud constructs elegant chain reasoning leading directly female inferiority process summarized follows lacks penis girl conflict takes form boy castrated barred healthy process experiencing overcoming anxiety choice father love object negative positive choice boy originally preferred mother responsible bringing poorly equipped turns father resentment mother experience lacks stable heterosexual orientation cathartic resolution boy crisis result superego fruit successfully resolved oedipus complex stunted growth adult remains narcissistic vain lacking fully developed sense justice envious
vast array specific explanations offered infinite number behavioral responses henry searched unabridged dictionary noting terms describe turned roughly omitting clearly evaluative terms disgusting terms describing transient states abashed items surely thought reduced essentials classified kinds traits according individual personality defined cardinal trait directs major portion person behavior consumed ambition greed cardinal trait famous historical mythical figures names cardinal traits byronic narcissistic actually believed cardinal traits rare individuals felt predominant trait develop central traits basis experiences characteristic ways dealing captured trait names honest loving gregarious influential secondary traits characteristic modes behavior tastes preferences secondary traits subject fluctuation change consistent examples preferences foods styles music believed persons terms cardinal central secondary traits asserting belief distinguished common traits individual traits common traits aggression basic modes adjustment approximately individuals
recent research suggests early findings related audience knowledge counterarguments audiences aware arguments speaker point view persuaded sided messages explicitly refute arguments audiences unaware existence counterarguments presented sided message introduction opposing arguments merely give ammunition speaker viewpoint knowledge audience crucial effective planning persuasive message especially method effective group providing counterarguments refutation method effective speaker decide present sided message faced decision side present position hope making strong case audience attention high opponent position hope fade audience memory end presentation early research definite advantage position presented psychologists labeled primacy effect subsequent studies showed equally clearcut advantage position presented recency effect sets conflicting evidence correct discovered correct depending circumstances figure important factor interval presentation arguments measurement attitudes arguments closely follow substantial delay attitude change measured point view persuasive
feel love fallen surprising sound theories psychologists study love offered explain mysterious phenomenon berscheid walster interesting approach based cognitive theory emotions discussed chapter according theory subjective experience emotion depends person cognitive appraisal situation physiologically aroused aware racing heart trembling hands bodily sensations words aroused person looks external stimulus causing upheaval similarly person experiencing sexual arousal physiological effects stimulating experience search surroundings find feelings spot attractive acquaintance stranger decide love person phenomenon explain newspaper stories marry person rescued danger lifeguard beach instance doctor nurse hospital emergency ward person physiological arousal response danger transferred rescuer object love support explanation love comes recent experiment aron researchers arranged male subjects approached attractive female confederate experiment crossing bridges vancouver british columbia bridge narrow rickety structure swayed wind hundreds feet rocky canyon solid structure feet shallow stream
young woman named kitty genovese arriving home savagely attacked apartment building queens borough york city victim screamed help thirty neighbors windows offered assistance called police attack thirty minutes kitty genovese attacked stabbed killed genovese murder caused sensation press apathetic indifferent fate human saw classic illustration urban callousness city dwellers reluctance involved investigation revealed witnesses kitty genovese murder indifferent neighbors close blinds bed stood watched unable act unwilling turn latane darley pp prevented acting research bystander intervention inspired part genovese murder number powerful social forces bibb latane john darley believe presence inhibits bystanders intervening emergencies view based number experiments latane darley staged emergencies recorded bystander response smoke began pouring room subjects sitting filing questionnaire subjects heard room crash floor moan pain actually tape recorded performance fellow subject actually confederate heard violent epileptic seizure faked customers liquor store witnessed stealing case beer robberies prearranged store owner
science extent fine art solving mysteries nature puzzle human reason due peculiar nature human beings motivated solve puzzle hunches wild guesses answer history civilization adopt logical process kind trying find solution puzzle today prefer guesses subjective feelings trying unravel mystery encounter fine starting point middle ages scientific method developed growing number individuals tried apply logical objective approach solution human problems objective approach called scientific method based belief mysteries natural measurable scientific method properly follow steps recognize mystery kind exists needs solved mystery natural call step perceiving problem initial observations mysterious circumstances hopefully observations exact complete results initial observations tentative solution guess answer scientists call step making hypotheses solution pick likely determined view problem think affected primarily supernatural powers scientific method won help
ford survive management team organized levels types decision making top pecking order sit executive officers issue orders middle level management women middle level management supervise internal functions organization alive carry orders receive top management middle level managers send messages executive officers let things factories going bottom management pecking order front line supervisors workers actually receive messages process send chain command inputs ford corporation typically screened lower level management chain action instance president ford answer phone open mail tasks performed lower management ladder front line workers produce actual outputs car company part produce according instructions receive higher management brain living system organized levels ford unique kinds inputs internal activities outputs instance large collection neurons nerve cells gathered top brain acts top managers large corporation neurons called cortex brain term cortex latin word bark tree peel skin mushroom outer skin mushroom darker tougher tissue inside cortex outer layer brain neurons inside
instant spotted spider hand process reaching apple explaining hand suddenly changed mind freeze problem motor nerves dumped large supply transmitter molecules synapses recall molecules launched synaptic space actually things muscle chemically stimulated hand reach muscle hand pull thing surely order pull muscles excited rescue brain obey order releasing transmitters synapses control pull muscles motor centers cortex stop sending output messages stretch muscles transmitters released synaptic canals lot surplus molecules floating stretch synapses brain goes step farther transmitter molecules released synapses function transmitter chemicals block inhibit synaptic transmission called inhibitors chemicals act ways inhibitors destroy transmitters inhibitors block receptor sites transmitters excite dendrites excitation chemical events exist psychic social behavioral level show body chemistry affect mind behavior let explore subject drugs drug defined substance affect structure functioning body
objects feeling table close eyes place wooden object metal object hands tell wood metal ways wood softer metal wood feel warm metal feels cold skin receptors give rise sorts sensory experience qualitatively experience pressure temperature pressure detectors tell contact foreign object parts body temperature receptors tell object hot cold corpuscles hairless regions basket cells hair primarily pressure receptors free nerve endings detect pressure temperature surprise sensations pain discuss later sensory qualities skin tell information skin combination pressure sensations temperature sensations occasionally experience pain chapter rub palm hand clothes surface table cover book upholstery chair top rug objects feel smooth touch feel rough skin tell experience pressure temperature answer comes fact move hand surface stimulate receptors harder press fingers deform skin frequently pressure receptors fire brain makes quantitative information frequency receptors fire help identify object skin contact surface object rough parts skin stick rub palm object sticking skin wrinkle bit rubs object
learning sing dance play guitar drive car complex motor tasks require feedback boy born deaf partially deaf trouble learning talk hear noises voice making auditory feedback vocal cords boy learn shape spoken words properly simply voice sounds tried talk wearing earphones listening music important auditory feedback controlling voice person wearing phones attempts speak hear voice starts shout louder music pouring earphones louder person shouts grow older small bones middle ear brittle hard properly hammer anvil stirrup serve amplify sound waves ear person deaf bones malfunction type bone deafness corrected person fitted hearing aid device acts miniature hi fi set turns volume electronically fig types infection attack hair cells basilar membrane axons run cells brain receptor cells fibers permanently damaged person suffers nerve deafness small section basilar membrane affected person lose ability hear high notes low notes notes middle auditory spectrum damage nerves widespread person totally deaf frequencies
psychologists term indoctrination refer attitudinal behavioral brought situations involving partial isolation chinese practiced prisoners korea indoctrination sorts physical psychological social pressures conformity commonplace marine army camps boy girl scout training fraternity sorority groups jails radical movements religious institutions chapter indoctrination frightening performed groups beliefs share side persuasive devices call re education feel stalinist political trials indoctrination prisoners korea fairly effect western governments worried communists discovered kind psychological magic canadians react early canadian government commissioned group psychologists donald hebb laboratory mc gill university investigate effects sensory isolation attitude change experiments supervised hebb actual planning heron scott doane research classified secret explanation canadians interested studying effects monotony isolation watch keeping tasks fact pretend reason research fascinating centuries reported undergoing peculiar psychological experiences accidentally caught isolation situations shipwrecked sailors rescue describe weird wonderful hallucinations adrift middle ocean pilots flying thousands feet earth reported called break effect cruising hours lose contact earth reality
gross normal fat subjects experimental situation students tell subjects performed boring tasks fairly lengthy period experimenters told half subjects minutes normal dinner half told minutes normal dinner hour groups offered tasting crackers munch end experiment gross found normal students affected incorrect information ate number crackers matter thought fat subjects ate crackers told dinner large numbers crackers told normal dinner hour assumes obese guided external cues internal physiological drive states studies associates shown fat tend plate cleaners eat set need large portion obese individual consume small helping obese person eat seldom ask normal likely leave plate eat ask accustomed eating fat affected taste food normals according offered food average average taste fat individuals eat deal normals offered food average miserable taste fat eat deal normals normal person eat needs spite bad taste
sense body walled cities dot landscape europe citizens ancient towns built defenses invading armies left gates walls bring supplies garbage skin wall body skin keeps invaders lets food water waste products local defenses action moment danger threatens instance cut finger local police point cut begin repairing damage aware germs enter wound blood vessels nearby open let soldiers white corpuscles fend invading germs defensive reactions automatic place conscious direction skin damaged receptors sound alarm let brain bad happened move body prepare defend attack run low food water guards hypothalamic motivation centers ring bells arouse urgency needs sexually motivated physiological sirens sound alert parts body impending pleasurable inputs internal alarm reactions local generalized effects funnel shaped cloud roaring southwest cortex sit compose lengthy memo legs feet arms hands remind gently trouble brewing body instantly energizing waking parts matter seconds coordinating activities danger quickly stay
arousal sympathetic nervous system lead increase sweating acceleration heart rate change breathe showed emotionally neutral stimulus polygraph record remain calm regular presented picture large bull word aloud graph note sudden sharp change autonomic activity assume experienced emotion fear anxiety guilt polygraph emotion detector lie detector police agents suspected criminals lie guilt afraid found instance suppose murdered strangled silk scarf unusual color presumably murderer recognize scarf police show scarf suspects deny seen scarf suspects showed strong emotional reaction polygraph police justified questioning suspect fig polygraph recordings unreliable admitted evidence guilt court law criminals feel anxiety guilt whatsoever concerning crimes lie polygraph records suggest innocence guilt hand person show violent emotional reactions stimulus colorful scarf committed crime polygraph psychological tool problems patients deny suppress true feelings
pain center found surface cerebral hemispheres special receptor organs special input area cortex enigma pain figure pain signal started skin ended brain doubt non existent receptors invisible locus brain known pain sensitivity represented spinal cord trunk neural input pathways running body brain output pathways running brain body fig types diseases affect spinal cord give rise continuous vicious pain relieved cutting sensory pathways going spinal cord skin receptors pain obviously input message kind found recent spinal cord data complex glance understand pain hurts hypnosis cognitive strategies reduce alleviate pain quick look skin receptors operate hairy basket cells encapsulated nerve endings skin send messages brain primarily special pathways spinal cord nerve cells pathways insulated axons cells layer fat wrapped layer fat electrical impulses pass axon speed neural messages flow faster insulated fibers nerves lack fatty insulation
scientific evidence human infants types critical periods birds lower animals born strong innate behavior patterns imprinting able adjust survive wide variety social environments human babies born organisms children inborn tendency imitate behavior organisms study reported science andrew keith moore note infants begin imitate facial expressions adults infants weeks infant sucking adult makes face infant repeat gesture moments later removed infant imitate delay response period seconds chapter infants innate tendency emotionally attached adults care critical period hypothesis restatement expression change human nature hypothesis holds child important child intellectual social potential fairly fixed view true culturally deprived children give special training spent early environments luckily children noted study korean orphans recent evidence casts considerable doubt critical period hypothesis stated limited genes human nature inherited limits freedom flexibility scientists previously thought case
freud theory play comes directly theory psycho sexual maturation moment born freud body began producing energy freud high energy levels mean pain discomfort low energy levels mean pleasure increases amount energy inside leads tension unhappiness decrease energy leads feeling contentment environmental situations increase tension attempt relive experience fantasy acting reduces excitement rewarding going situation youngster plays learned master frustrations release repressed energy socially approved ways freud behavior motivated goal oriented purposeful play tension reducing rewarding engaged children freud genius theory psycho analysis bold creative step forward darwin theory evolution freud forced psychologists consider symbolic psychic aspects human behavior look childhood experiences explanation beginnings adult behavioral problems freud focused clearly unconscious aspects cognitive development piaget theorists talk exclusively goes child mind say theorists speak primarily mental development child left dominant hemisphere half century split brain research published sigmund freud knew non conscious hemisphere aspects cognitive growth important language learning abstract reasoning freud developed theory reading books listening lectures observing actions carefully data freud reported accurate children society show preferences parent opposite sex age engage play stop extent develop fantasies related daily frustrations psychological maturation retarded parental deprivation excessive punishment
fact illustration attribution process study prisoners depressed considered guards justified terms criminal instincts perceived prisoners critics attributed brutality guards helpless behaviors prisoners innate character flaws specific caught experiment including times colleagues perceived environment entirely responsible behaviors guards prisoners saw playing roles shouldn surprised results public reaction social scientists reported similar findings times find impossible believe actions strongly influenced live war ii hundreds studies guards prisoners nazi concentration camps results suggested guards average prisoners average european notes worst nazi butchers appeared perfectly normal actions concentration camps korean conflict army extensive research american soldiers returned chinese prisoner war camps chapter percent cooperated communists extent squealing comrades personality test scores prior behavior patterns group army despite evidence official explanation behavior blamed psychological weaknesses power communist brainwashing techniques prisoners behaviors
late dark night heard screams place rush window happening saw knife attacking neighbors react call police neighbor aid consider merely innocent bystander tragedies remain apathetic unresponsive failed assist neighbor respond later asked didn help answer consider facts early morning young york woman named kitty genovese returning home neared front door badly deranged jumped shadows attacked screamed attempted defend screamed loudly neighbors windows fought valiantly took minutes kill kitty genovese period neighbors aid bothered call police kitty genovese death distressed scientists john darley bibb latane began study refuse help similar situations experiment darley latane staged disaster sorts subjects paid dollars fill survey form attractive young woman office filling forms woman room shortly subjects heard loud crash room woman began moaning loudly fallen badly hurt needed help subjects think rescue answer depends subjects exposed drama testing room percent subjects offered help subjects faced apparent emergency pairs
believed mental illness primarily fault responsibility individual ignore effects social environment human behavior dirt germs breed physical illness bad cultural conditions breed crime violence insanity personal misery present sanitary engineers inspect restaurants food stores sure food clean healthy century behavioral engineers inspect businesses schools industries employers show concern mental health happiness employees students customers cleaning dirt preventing physical disease community mental health centers scattered canada need surely variety tasks data suggest instance parents children mistreated parents stop slaughter innocent children find effective ways teaching sorts parents manage children resorting violent physical punishment mental illness runs families part genetic factors part types parental responses induce insane behavior children break perpetuating pattern mental illness need effective forms family counseling difficult moral decisions concerning society intervene unhealthy family situations parents resent fight intervention mental hospitals presently vanish part century asylums replaced clinics re education centers halfway houses group homes forms sheltered environments mental problems short periods
beginning course chemistry basic scientific disciplines modern point wonder chemistry obtain idea chemistry reflecting moment chemists general sense chemists study properties composition matter stuff makes universe interested interactions matter energy result chemical reactions composition matter materials chemists study variety sources exotic mundane analysis moon rock sample martian soil chemist draw conclusions origin universe possibilities extraterrestrial closer home chemists look composition sample water hudson river sample air los basin searching substances trace amounts responsible pollution environment central goal chemists century isolate synthesize substances miracle drugs treatment disease synthetic fabrics nylon dacron chemists chemists actively involved search sources energy approaches conserving energy sources petroleum natural gas modern civilization depends investigations chemists closely disciplines
substances identified tentatively basis color gaseous nitrogen dioxide brown color bromine vapor red iodine vapor violet water solution copper sulfate blue solution potassium permanganate purple colors gases liquids due absorption visible light sunlight mixture radiation wavelengths light falling wavelength range color light range nm appears violet blue light nm bromine absorbs light regions transmits light wavelengths subtraction violet blue components sunlight accounts red color bromine contrast water solution potassium permanganate absorbs light green region midway visible range light emitted solution rich blue shorter wavelength red longer wavelength components appears purple mixture blue red substances absorb visible light colorless white solids substances absorb radiation visible region occurs ultraviolet wavelengths nm benzene colorless liquid absorbs strongly nm ozone gaseous form element oxygen substance absorbs ultraviolet harmful ultraviolet radiation sunlight ozone upper part earth atmosphere absorption infrared region wavelengths greater nm common
notion matter consists discrete particles idea appeared writings democritus greek philosopher introduced teacher leucippus idea rejected plato aristotle deal influence democritus concept atoms suggested italian physicist sir isaac newton supported arguments words probable god beginning formed matter solid massy hard impenetrable movable particles sizes figures properties proportions space end formed prior concept particle nature matter based largely intuition english schoolteacher john dalton developed explanation laws chemistry known atomic theory dalton ideas discarded chemists learned structure matter essentials theory withstood test main postulates modern atomic theory dalton examples illustrate meaning element composed tiny particles called atoms atoms element show chemical properties element oxygen oxygen atoms atoms small seen weighed oxygen atoms behave chemically
gas pure substances show remarkably similar physical behavior consider molar volumes atm mole gas occupies exactly volume true gas care mention contrast molar volumes liquids solids vary widely substance volumes occupied mole hg atm cm cm cm order fact gases resemble closely physical behavior interesting results thing write simple equations relating volume pressure temperature amount gas step write single equation relating variables kinds gases equation known ideal gas law central say gases chapter understand basis equation helpful start looking qualitative common properties gases liquid heated sufficiently begins evaporate boil forming gas change phase particles liquid freed pass space particles gas process accompanied large increase volume half cupful liquid water large volume steam atm fill oil drum
chapter considered structure atom briefly recall atom tiny positively charged nucleus protons neutrons number protons nucleus characteristic element atom belongs referred atomic number element nucleus surrounded electrons carry negative charge charge electron equal magnitude opposite sign proton neutral atom number electrons equal number protons atomic number element chemical properties atoms determined electrons arranged nucleus knowing electronic structure atom predict chemical behavior element chapter look electron arrangements atoms helpful examine energies electrons derived quantum theory developed early part century quantum theory proposed max planck explain properties radiation hot bodies later albert einstein treat emission electrons metals exposed light later niels bohr quantum theory develop model hydrogen atom quantum theory general applies interactions matter energy discuss postulates theory apply electrons atoms molecules
electron behaves wave fundamental problem bohr atom position wave instant hope determine wavelength energy amplitude obvious tell precisely electron wave extends space idea position electron atom nebulous say scientists speculating problem convinced bohr model abandoned idea electron revolving nucleus fixed orbit definite radius simply correspond reality entirely approach required treat electrons atoms molecules discipline called quantum mechanics developed describe motion small particles confined tiny regions space main concern quantum mechanics find expressions energies particles quantum mechanical atom attempt position electron instant quantum mechanics concern path electron takes nucleus say electron certainly don quantum mechanics deals probability finding particle region space tells chance finding electron nm hydrogen nucleus
sugars glucose sucrose examples molecular solids water groups molecule form hydrogen bonds class molecular solids tend low melting melting points volatile appreciable vapor pressures room temperature accounts odor mothballs explains molecular substances sublime passing directly solid vapor heating iodine commonly purified sublimation solid carbon dioxide dry ice molecular solid readily room temperature dry ice disappears insoluble water soluble nonpolar solvents benzene iodine slightly soluble water mol water solubility lower mol molecular solids soluble benzene mol iodine mol molecular solids dissolve water readily form hydrogen bonds examples include urea glucose sucrose nonconductors electricity solids pure liquids molecules uncharged carry electric current common molecular solid minnesota winter ice sense ice unusual unique density liquid formed ice cm water cm behavior indirect result hydrogen bonding
earlier chapter discussed equilibrium liquid vapor pure substance types phase equilibria need considered solid liquid solid vapor important relations equilibria summarized phase diagram figure shows portion phase diagram substance water pressure plotted vertical axis temperature horizontal axis understand diagram implies consider lines ab ac ad lines tells pressures temperatures phases equilibrium specific line ab portion vapor pressure temperature curve liquid water temperature pressure line liquid water equilibrium water vapor curve point phases equilibrium mm hg exactly mm hg pressure exerted vapor equilibrium liquid water mm hg line ab extended read equilibrium pressure mm hg normal boiling point water line end critical temperature water pressure atm line ac represents vapor pressure curve ice point line mm hg point mm hg point ice vapor equilibrium
chapter valence bond approach explain bonding molecules accounts qualitatively stability covalent bond terms overlap atomic orbitals invoking hybridization valence bond theory account molecular geometries predicted electron pair repulsion lewis structures inadequate concept resonance explain observed properties major weakness valence bond theory inability predict magnetic properties molecules cited chapter problem arises molecule found boron vapor high temperatures molecule paramagnetic number valence electrons octet rule valence bond theory predict electrons paired molecules inconsistent requires unpaired electrons deficiencies valence bond theory arise inherent weakness assumes electrons molecule occupy atomic orbitals individual atoms molecule bonding terms orbitals atom sp orbitals atom clearly approximation bonding electron orbital characteristic molecule idea molecular orbital theory tries treat bonds terms orbitals involving entire molecule molecule orbital approach involves basic operations atomic orbitals atoms combined give set molecular orbitals characteristic molecule
properties solution differ considerably pure solvent solution properties depend primarily concentration solute particles nature called properties properties include vapor pressure lowering osmotic pressure boiling point elevation freezing point depression fact properties means water solutions mol solute particles liter vapor pressure osmotic pressure boiling point freezing point true regardless type solute particles present molecules glucose sucrose ions sodium chloride section emphasize properties nonelectrolytes glucose sucrose properties electrolytes discussed briefly end section relationships properties solute concentration regarded limiting laws approached closely solution dilute practice relationships discuss valid nonelectrolytes cent concentrations high rate water molecules escape surface reduced presence nonvolatile solute concentrated aqueous solutions nonelectrolytes glucose sucrose evaporate slowly pure water reflects fact vapor pressure water solution pure water decrease vapor pressure independent nature solute
carrying molecular mass determination freezing point depression choose solvent solute readily soluble solvents tend pick large makes large reduces percent error freezing point measurement point view cyclohexane organic solvents choices water values larger molecular masses determined properties osmotic pressure measurements solutes high molecular mass concentration likely low advantage osmotic pressure effect large solution nonelectrolyte water osmotic pressure atm compared freezing point depression boiling point elevation vapor pressure lowering mm hg noted earlier properties dilute solutions directly proportional concentration solute particles basis predict concentration electrolyte greater effect properties nonelectrolyte mole nonelectrolyte glucose dissolves water mol solute molecules obtained hand mole electrolyte nacl yields mol ions calcium chloride mol ions produced mole solute
lewis concept acids bases lewis structures discussed chapter product american physical chemist lewis born massachusetts lewis grew nebraska east obtain ph harvard stayed instructor lewis happy harvard precocious student intellectual rebel repelled highly traditional atmosphere prevailed chemistry department later refused honorary degree alma mater leaving harvard lewis reputation promoted full professor moved country university california berkeley dean college chemistry department chairman remained rest guidance chemistry department berkeley prestigious country faculty graduate students attracted future nobel prize winners harold urey william glenn willard libby melvin calvin administering chemistry department berkeley lewis demanded excellence research teaching virtually entire staff involved general chemistry program full professors carried freshman sections department members leaders chemical education america joel california active teaching research later
shortly war ii groups scientists studying products obtained bombarding uranium neutrons looking elements atomic numbers greater germany isolated compound group element originally believed radium later showed element barium indicating uranium atom split fragments reaction discovery disbelief later stated january chemists replace symbol ra ba nuclear chemists closely physics decide step contradiction previous experience nuclear physics reluctant admit possibility entirely type nuclear reaction colleague lisa meitner letter published january stated sight result hard understand basis present ideas behavior heavy nuclei entirely picture disintegration processes suggests uranium nucleus neutron capture divide nuclei roughly equal size revolutionary suggestion confirmed experiments carried outbreak war ii interest nuclear fission focused enormous amount energy released process los mountains mexico group scientists robert oppenheimer worked feverishly produce fission atomic bomb
carbohydrates comprise basic classes foodstuffs carbon hydrogen oxygen atoms general formula cn basis classified monosaccharides broken chemically simpler carbohydrates familiar monosaccharides including glucose fructose carbon atoms molecule molecular formula disaccharides formed monosaccharide units combine elimination monosaccharides glucose units maltose glucose fructose unit sucrose polysaccharides condensation polymers hundred thousand monosaccharide units cellulose starch common polysaccharides generally mono disaccharides sugars names ending glucose sucrose cane sugar lactose milk sugar common examples look structure properties typical monosaccharide glucose oxidation glucose important energy source animals living cells reaction occurs complex series steps catalyzed specific enzyme part energy released stored energy rich compounds atp energy evolved reaction converted mechanical energy muscular activities running lifting chemistry books energy conversion occurs constant temperature body manmade machine process glucose water solution exists primarily form ring molecules shown
structure established frederick received nobel prize chemistry body proteins built series reactions general produce specific sequence amino acids tiny errors sequence effects genetic diseases known caused improper sequencing hemophilia sickle cell anemia albinism sickle cell anemia caused substitution valine unit glutamic acid unit chain monomers protein chains oriented dimensions determined large part hydrogen bonding oxygen atoms groups interact atoms nearby groups form bonds occur single protein chain neighboring chains ways protein chain oriented give maximum hydrogen bonding amino acid units small groups present glycine hydrogen bonding leads pleated sheet structure fig sheet shown lies plane paper consists parallel chains held hydrogen bonds peptide linkages adjacent chains middle chain figure hydrogen bonding occurs amino acid unit pleated sheet structure found muscles silk fibers proteins amino acid units groups bulky pleated sheet structure
market society caught flavor casting glance backward economies market society economic activities left women freely responding opportunities marketplace established routines tradition dictates command specifically means market society individuals seek wages salaries born station means land transferred person offered exchange rental payments means market land real estate developers able buy farm land turn shopping centers contrast market governors rhode island nevada purchase nice taxable county neighboring massachusetts california finally market capital means regular flow wealth production flow savings flow investment organized banks financial companies borrowers pay interest reward wealth lenders capitalism small disreputable capital markets personified hated moneylender services labor land capital hired fired market society called factors production deal economics market combines essential contributions production essential question answered factors production put prior market system answer comes shock tells deal factors production capitalism
economic controversy marx generated focused questions capitalism ultimately undo internal tensions contradictions marx calls finally market mechanism handle simple answers questions critics marx vehemently insist capitalism collapsed working class miserable number predictions marx rate profit tend decline verified supporters marx argue opposite case stress capitalism collapse note reduced proletarian status working capitalist firm percent americans employed today figure percent stress size business constantly grown marx correctly foresee capitalist system expand pushing areas asia south america africa doubtful marx contribution social analyst ultimately determined kind score card certainly remarkably penetrating statements equally certainly things prospects capitalism wrong marx reputation rests rests vision capitalism system tension process continuous evolution consequence tension economists accept marx diagnosis class struggle motor change capitalist societies prognosis inevitable arrival socialism deny validity vision marx economic ideas sketched suggest marx thought primarily economist pioneer kind critical social thought significant subtitle capital critique political economy
households interest source labor power focus income wealth buying powers economic machine cycled household purchasing power collected wages salaries dividends interest rents pumped flow spending consumers goods consumer buying later strong force momentum economy emphasize household buying force business government buyers strong influences maintaining flow purchasing power focus households stage inquiry function buyers leads naturally inquire distribution purchasing power families subject sensitive persistent stress political equality leads ignore play facts economic inequality lack adequate statistics wealth largely unwillingness pay official recognition aspect economic realities ways describing income distribution method divide country equal layers cake layers help give dollars cents definitions mind speak poor working class middle class amounts imagine begin bottom layer poor definition include households bottom percent nation data gathered census bureau highest income family bottom slice layered cake coincidence corresponds exactly income computed bureau labor statistics representing level poverty family persons
surge women labor market reflects changing factors american scene found abroad factor growth contrasted manual jobs widening cultural approval working women working wives average american girl marries today early twenties goes raise family spend paid employment children grown reason influx women technology released household finally pressure raise living standards incomes household addition deciding participate labor force individuals decide labor wish contribute members labor force decide hours wish offer week weeks wish asked question days adam smith simple answer wages close subsistence labor force obliged extremely hours body soul paid vacations unknown employees cotton mills unpaid vacations tantamount starvation slow rise productivity working women gradually found income rising subsistence possibility possibility deliberately working physical maximum part increased productivity buy leisure wages beginning early nineteenth century find labor organizations small weak sought shorten workweek chapter saw signal victory won england introduction ten hour legal maximum women children
model circular flow economy buys output spending receipts begins explain economic system works leaves dark respect central question growth economy merely bought output spending receipts grow remain place reproducing want put growth picture add lacking exposition lacking circular flow model process saving investing add capital capital key economic growth chapter going connect previous analysis works central concern understanding growth begin making sure understand key word saving saving economist defined putting money bank refraining spending part income consumption goods services clear savings key term discussion circular flow apparent expenditure critical link steady operation economy saving spending saving kind downward spiral caught glimpse preceding chapter clearly story act investing spending money direct factors production capital goods requires act saving save income consumption ability hire factors build capital goods society saving breaking stationary circular flow
consumer credit ask families debt ears ability buy enable consumers group spend incomes consumer credit enables families spend larger amount earn incomes receive transfers short periods late consumers credit card binge piling unprecedented amounts outstanding credit nonetheless consumers credit spend total receipts consumers consumers group true consumption spending includes purchases credit cars kinds items bought household loans installments total spending total receipts consumer sector continues net household saving rate saving fallen saving credit situation families put income accumulated buy cars refrigerators houses big items period saving buy goods savings rates certainly higher consumer credit disposal bought lumpy goods savings rates fall level consumer credit economy buy lumpy items perform saving installment payments result expect find high savings rates economy desires lumpy items increasing consumer credit economists cite explanation fact japanese families savings rates times high american families japanese incomes lower japan buy pay later save buy later
understand price system rationing system say rationing mean system coupons publicly determined priorities permanent shortage gasoline meaning going prices quantity gas sought larger quantity offered ration allowing car owner equal amount assuring vehicles ambulances crack supplies sooner begin think rationing coupon priority begin complexity problem clearly purpose rationing prevent rich riding poor afford gas ride imagine charge nonprice rationing suppose number gallons gas expected billion determine basic ration dividing number population giving person equal allotment enormously benefit family car children penalize single person desperately depend car family coupons car ration supplies car owner person course trouble giving allotment car owners knowing respective needs
privatization public goods bring level production amount consume strictly private goods cars movie tickets problems twofold innumerable technical difficulties making public goods private imagine problems charging toll city street arresting idea sense justice suppose convert defense private defense system defend bought services presumably bought defended believers democracy national defense converted bastion rich remove public law courts schools police unlike private goods privilege buying incomes public goods thought rights valid arguments clever techniques returning public goods market fold main point mind impossible goods private remain public market establish desirable level output market mechanism give political method making economic decisions instance market failure closely connected attributes public goods problem allowing externalities production effects output private goods services persons directly buying selling goods question
reached end cost calculations help stock actually despite figures diagrams procedure simple began seeing happen fixed costs unit expanded output fixed costs nature increase production increases amount fixed cost charged unit output fell sharply output rose calculated variable costs borne unit output increased critical process law variable proportions marginal productivity factors increased variable cost unit fell inevitable stage diminishing returns set variable costs unit rise adding fixed variable costs obtained total unit cost output variable cost curve average total unit costs dish shaped reflecting changing marginal productivity factors output grows finally show changing marginal cost unit increase total costs divided increase output changing marginal costs entrepreneur actually experiences altering output increase margin alters total cost determines average cost actually cost profile worked known businessperson studied microeconomics firm starts producing average cost unit output high general motors plant turning hundred cars astronomical costs automobile
change women liberation movement won court battles establish equal pay equal equal rights jobs regardless sex begin alter prevailing sexist patterns united states slow admit women full range professional occupational opportunities percent doctors women west germany percent percent women surprising sweden percent overhead crane operators women occupation virtually unknown women surprising percentages ends social scale leave doubt women earn deal barriers discrimination removed distributional problem arises strong feelings entitled competitive model person rational income supplier labor look wages laborers determine paid competitive rate return real focus narrowly wages look entire wage structure policeman looks firemen wages truckers schoolteachers incomes interest incomes labels sociologists call interest reference groups reference groups stable restricted look groups economically close
end chapter discuss means trying hold inflation let conclude discussion emphasizing stagnation directly caused inflation actual costs inflation brings opinion stagnation justified preventing inflation running giving rise kind political panic chronic inflation threatens introduce certainly want curb inflation order understand caused encounter difficulty general concensus economists mechanisms inflation comparable concensus exists kinds problems follows loudly clearly diagnosis nature inflationary phenomenon thought argued hope shed light promise total illumination argument begins simple essential fact market systems easily disturbed wars political regimes resource technologies shifts demand disturb equilibrium market system stones cast ripples pond unsettling events caused kinds disturbances periods capitalism political economic development economists important disturbances tendency market system develop instabilities production prices employment
americans feel speaking lot waste extravagance government wastefulness easily compared countries casual observation leads believe perceived level public efficiency performance higher abroad united states conservative politicians england sweden profess admiration health welfare systems wish cut frills united states encounters view public spending rip waste intolerably high related size complexity united states compared european nations diversity population peculiar administrative problems federal local government reflect level public honesty actually higher fashioned europe united states objective determining proper level taxation nation nearly agree low level taxation country starved public services certainly high level existing level depends social objectives matter public holds conflicting opinions question resolve proposition protest amount taxes pay strong feeling tax system unfair
notice currencies change hands notice american banker able buy yen japanese banker willing acquire dollars note banks intermediaries foreign exchange mechanism hold deposits foreign banks bank buy bank officer looks current exchange rate yen suppose tells cost purchase yen bank commission services write check deducted bank balance added balance tokyo bank account country manufacturer notified goes tokyo bank bank keeps deposits yen receive check words tokyo bank received dollars united states pay yen japan exactly opposite true case exports suppose manufacturers chemicals sold order tokyo japan importer chemicals bank find yen cost rate cost pay tokyo account american bank business meantime advising bank transaction place notice arrived japan bank note increased holdings yen pay equivalent amount dollars account
imperialism today certainly changed naked land grabs past imperialism meant acquisition territory look map past seizures raw materials unfair terms characteristic mineral empires built late nineteenth century prominent attitudes racial superiority infuriating peoples culture greater delicacy discrimination west nature imperialism changing partly pressures exerted restive partly result developments advanced nations imperialism today refers exposure traditional societies full blast powerful market forces emanating capitalist core industrial societies blast violently upsets traditional societies pulled willy market curiously raises questions reverse extent older problems imperialism rise multinational corporation puts relationship advanced backward countries light fear drawn market disadvantageous terms subordinated dictates foreign enterprises continues mobilize sentiment imperialism underdeveloped backward nations want things multinationals offer big multinationals pay higher wages honest books provide working conditions fancier career opportunities bring technological expertise domestic enterprises host nation
recital failings market system ends micro macro ills spring consequence operations severity extent maladies finished examination micro macro economics remember inflation unemployment urban plight threat environment degree products hugely vital careless dangerous momentum market imparts social process beware linking social ill economic system appears equally foolish market responsibility malfunctions threaten need dwell deficiencies market system difficulties indicative central weakness market system formulate stimuli restraints arise marketplace public need roughly coincides sum private interests market automatically attends failing market system minor advanced economic society tends important primary wants satisfied public aim turns stability security objectives attainable degree public control technological organization complex massive public need arises economic power wealth increases pressure education urban improvement welfare comes fore indication public conscience functioning requirement mature society
certainly economist deal businesspeople consumers investors behave think mean individuals language methods approaching decisions academic economist finds describing behavior planets need elliptical paths traced astronomer speaking prose lives knowing businesspeople surprised learn behavior capable systematic economic analysis lack awareness necessarily help baseball pitcher laws aerodynamics conscious button shirt find harder economic extremely complicated noted economic observations controlled experimental conditions characteristic scientific laboratories physiologist wishes determine effects penicillin pneumonia able hold things equal test groups differ fact penicillin injections economist wish determine effect gasoline tax fuel consumption vexed fact tax imposed pipelines introduced try mentally isolate effects tax things equal understand economic effects taxation transportation improvements difficulty analyzing controlled experimentation impossible illustrated confusion savage medicine thinks witchcraft arsenic kill enemy put green robe spring trees
place goods votes dollars john rockefeller dog receive milk poor child needs avoid rickets supply demand working badly possibly badly ethical viewpoints standpoint market mechanism geared accomplish functionally auction markets designed putting goods hands pay money votes defenders critics price mechanism recognize fact democratic society distribution dollar votes laissez faire acts redistributive taxation rectify situation feature ideal market system suppose invention automatic machines competitive price labor fall greatly reducing incomes poor ethical observers regard necessarily ideal certainly cookie crumbles market system fact inherited square miles rangeland oil companies offer million dollars necessarily justify large income questions discussed repeatedly congress incomes completely determined competitive struggle survival survivors ethical question goes mere mechanics economics modern mixed economy electorate insists providing minimum standards market fails economics teaches interventions accomplished cost terms inefficiency shows inept intervention fail achieve equity efficiency earlier drawback picture price system fact real competition perfect
century karl marx friedrich engels issued communist manifesto lines workers unite lose chains marx predictions future industrial capitalism proved correct intervening prediction laws motion capitalist development entertained proved wrong assertion rich richer poor poorer sustained careful historical statistical research europe america definitely steady term improvement minimum standards living measured food clothing housing length fact mixed economies clear statistics soon highlights shown graphically fig fashionable economic historians dwell evils industrial revolution poverty ridden condition masses disease producing cities point fact dickens full justice dismal conditions child labor length working conditions safety sanitation early nineteenth century factories workweek hours prevailing rule bench breakfast supper deal child woman lost fingers loom left true lurid picture industrial factory towns earlier historians erred thinking conditions clearly worse preindustrial era earlier putting domestic system wool provided workers spin weave homes brought worst conditions sweatshop home
banished capital growth discussion talked wanting consume bread apples oranges haircuts real want devote part incomes saving investment eating bread want build machines produce bread future consumption add inventory bread dough flour wheat short recognize final goals include net investment capital formation simply current consumption part society production possibilities capital formation consumption economic statisticians recognize include outputs upper loop flow nnp modify original definition read net national product sum final products consumption goods services include net investment net investment net capital formation include net additions society stock buildings equipment inventories economists investment means real capital formation production plants houses tools lay person investment means merely money buy outstanding share general motors stock buy corner lot open savings account try confuse meanings safe put bank buy common stock broker economist says investment saving act physical capital formation takes place investment society consumes income devoting resources capital formation saving nnp gnp recognize depreciation capital goods
important single fact saving investment activities industrial society generally reasons today farmers devote draining field planting harvesting crop saving investing saving abstaining things entail present consumption order provide larger consumption future amount saving measured difference net real income consumption investing undertaking net capital formations improving productive capacity farms saving investment things sufficient farmers reasons undertaking abstain present consumption save want drain field invest investment opportunity whatsoever occur save save future foolish wish modern economy net capital formation investment largely carried business enterprises especially corporations corporation small business investment opportunities owners tempted plow earnings business degree business saving motivated directly business investment saving primarily entirely group individuals families households pension funds individuals wish save variety reasons provide age future expenditure vacation automobile feel insecure wish guard rainy
let moment leave cherished beliefs let try disentangle paradox dispassionate scientific manner considerations help clarify things economics remember guard logical fallacy composition say person separately need circumstances private prudence social folly specifically means attempt person increase saving conditions result reduction actual saving note italicized words attempt actual imperfect mixed economy difference thrown jobs suffer lowered incomes clue paradox thrift lies question national income depressed level full employment remained obviously national product devoted current consumption capital formation output assumed maximum fashioned doctrine thrift absolutely correct noted individual social primitive agricultural communities american colonies ben franklin truth franklin prescription true wars ii periods boom inflation thrifty consumption means investment according statistical records full employment inflationary demand conditions prevailed nation history laissez faire wasting resources unemployment insufficiency demand investment purchasing power
recall earlier short run defined period equipment resources commitments firms fixed period firm vary output hiring fewer variable factors production labor raw materials certainly precise period industries industry asking questions short run periods duration extreme decisions frozen resulting marginal cost curve practically vertical line extreme permit pass let equipment chance wear replaced making resulting marginal cost curve flat longest run permanently management firm consider firm making short run decisions fixed cost defined total costs anyway fixed commitments frozen short run examples fixed cost include bond interest rentals overhead salaries franchise taxes rest total cost called variable cost defined sum costs vary output examples cost materials wages workers production line chapter discuss detail consider firm facing lower lower option producing lose revenue fixed cost going anyway shutdown loss exactly equal fixed cost
run fixed commitments expire firm free plan operate number plants run cost curve lower envelope frontier choice plant level output potential plant sizes smoothly continuous frontier smooth envelope point short run cost curve run curve marginal curve shaped ultimately rise factors production including management constant prices small outputs inputs methods combining marginal average costs initially fall industry run supply curve account entry firms exodus run commitments firm expire decide stay business price covers run costs costs explicit pocket payments labor lenders material suppliers landlords implicit wages defined opportunity costs owners labor employed producing leisure implicit interest rent property assets owned firm opportunity costs measured fetch equally risky conditions free entry firm advantages location skill resources specialized industry expect run free entry competitors compete excess profits earned existing firms industry free exit means fall break point free entry means persist point run equilibrium
industrial galbraith views large corporation strategic economic unit stake corporation desires stability adventure uncertainty desiring growth growth growth embraces rational planning needing experts increasingly increasingly breed technicians professional managers possess esoteric skills science engineering social psychology members travel york washington graduate groton bronx senior high yale wellesley harvard business school merging companies washington helping negotiate arms treaty russians galbraith contention los leningrad peking poona convergence kind society side international bargaining table expert face essentially twin graduate top moscow institute de finance led class polytechnique galbraith walter mitty dream glory establishments converging pattern meritocracy based expert skills short converging common critically evaluate ideas say nonsense nonsense insist veblen ago prophesied triumph engineers means emphasized separation ownership control modern corporation james burnham stressed role bureaucracy tired radical took granted consumer preferences shaped advertising efforts spontaneous nature homo sapiens point
scarcely controversial subject economics meaning profits businesspeople enraged ignorance public concerning plain facts matter polled sales dollar goes profits majority give replies mark guess cents think cents goes profits official statistics show corporations profit reaches high cents sales dollar concentrate ratio profits sales meaningful question ask society income goes wages left return property readers study economics prone think capitalists garner lion share important realize fact wage share market economy averages times property profit interest rents land natural resources progressive society important fraction left net profits plowed machinery plants required raising real wages productivity chapter show word profits meanings everyday usage meanings economist careful analysis ends relating concept profit dynamic innovation uncertainty bearing problems monopoly incentives exploitation statisticians united nations department commerce give newspaper reporters figure involving profits include certainly include corporation earnings paid dividends retained undistributed profits reports include exclude corporate profit taxes adjust corporate profits inventory depreciation values due price level careful published statistics give figure flavor profits income unincorporated enterprises farmers employed doctors professionals partnerships
mechanics problem understood ask deeper question gold standard america buying goods england england bought required continually ship gold final payment wouldn lose gold question mercantilist writers preceded adam smith gave plausible superficial answer mercantilists country lose gold prince introduces tariffs quotas cut imports goods subsidies encourage exports forbids skilled workers knowledge abroad makes sure shipping takes place boats dear afterthought obvious require mention course losing gold terrible thing nation don ask knows worst tragedies happen david hume friend adam smith noted philosopher gave refutation mercantilistic fear gold drain economists hume cogent reasoning hume noted true losing gold free trade sea demonstrated tragedy country goes permanently million ounces gold million million possessing half amount gold means merely prices exactly halved country bit worse losing half tenths nation gold worry hume pointed nation merely ends reduced price cost level recall crude quantity theory money prices discussed chapter david hume john locke earlier writers enunciate hold theory concerning proportionality prices stock money case gold
claim tariff raise government tax revenue actually customs duty imports form sales tax bad tariff especially bad draws economic resources advance revenue argument sincere advocate sales tax fall domestic production provide protection developed countries tax source administratively feasible imports admittedly case revenue tariffs instances clinch case advanced countries revenue argument remember prohibitively high tariff perfectly protected imports collect revenue called billion dollar congress found surplus tax revenue expenditure suitable debt retire congress found situation embarrassing finally met problem excessive tariff revenues lowering tariff rates raising high reduce total revenue collected argument false fallacy difficult spot goes follows farmers support tariff industry gain large home market products henry clay perennial candidate turned president argument falsity seen points view cutting industrial imports indirectly tend cut farm exports farmer hurt directly clay extra home market farm produce detailed comparative cost showed isolation foreign trade decreases total real gnp total domestic demand farm products certainly low level real gnp high buttressed arguments protection coming later slogan create home market seen fallacious
took variety forms short run reliance patriotic slogans lines gasoline stations families voluntarily curtailed sunday driving lowered thermostats undertook form car pools longer run reliance increasingly higher real prices form energy gasoline expensive demand lighter efficient autos architects stop building structures poor insulation begin designing economize heating air conditioning lighting oil expensive greater reliance coal turn expensive higher oil prices wells dug deeper pays explore home domestic oil places begin talk unconventional energy sources western stripmining coal oil shale oil tar sands energy winds solar energy utilization increased safety standards atomic energy fission increased development future processes achieving energy controlled fusion reaction ecological safety standards put attack scarcity energy auto emission standards sacrifice efficiency gas mileage combustion engine relaxed electric plants permission burn higher sulfur oil coal presents threat purity atmosphere danger nuclear malfunction fission generating stations mile island crisis tend pressure making country dependent oil imports ocean drilling oil populous coasts teeming fish banks instituted goad energy shortage distribution country affected urban rural poor ownership energy sources
thoughtful economists increasingly impressed fundamental diagnosis lies base problem stagflation fervently hope diagnosis wrong fundamental heart mixed economy modern welfare root increasing bias rising prices stable prices lies fact longer run cruel economy granted days laissez faire capitalism efficient system system starve children bowlegs rickets parents drunkards deserted families simply unlucky struggle jobs total unemployment large system unemployment uncomfortable walk dozen miles earn pittance today tolerate limits cruelty today unemployment compensation pay public service employment welfare assistance support negative income tax willing turn clock ruthless regime pure capitalism prepared recognize humane advantages order laws behavior price wage flexibility larger larger amounts unemployment needed wage price restraining effect past vicious circle modern mixed economy finds higher higher rates unemployment moral start cruel refuse recognize reform benefits costs alternatives open moral think persevere trying find structural reforms retain augment humanitarianism hoping encourage system behave market clearing mechanism experience shows conducive efficiency stability
turn look depth single important socialist economy soviet union basic problems decided produced broad outline picture owns factors production factories mines land workers generally earn living wages considerable choice occupation unlimited rights seek employment region industry happens capture fancy political decision defense capital formation pushed hard left permitted consumers goods russians preferences goods spend incomes resulting shortages permitted recently result bidding consumer goods prices automatically producing positive negative returns serve resources goods scarce central planners decide want food shoes necessities eagerly bought local store commissary shoes exactly size glad large comforts luxuries longer think giving merely need centralized planning measure difficult days goods bought planners learn cut advertising selling reared heads russia harder learn want want marketing surveys infancy
conduct scientific study field human behavior considering scientific study subjects unemployment consequences large national debt argued natural sciences deal inanimate matter subject natural laws social sciences deal human beings free subject natural laws view implies inanimate matter show stable responses stimuli animate matter put match dry piece paper paper burn subject human beings torture break want confusing individual react differently torture times human behavior show sufficiently stable responses factors influencing predictable acceptable margin error positive question settled appeal evidence priori speculation priori defined knowledge prior actual experience question concern behavior groups isolated individuals matter simple observation group individuals considered behave capriciously display stable responses forces act warmer weather visit beach higher sales ice cream coca cola hard say individual buy ice cream cone coke stable response pattern large group individuals seen higher temperature greater sales products beach situations group behavior predicted accurately knowledge individual behavior
assume households wish purchase commodity previously market reaction change imagine situation farmers find equally profitable produce crops carrots brussels sprouts willing produce commodities satisfying demands households wish consume imagine consumers develop greatly increased desire brussels sprouts diminished desire carrots change occurred discovery hitherto nutritive curative powers brussels sprouts result successful advertising campaign part association brussels sprout producers eat brussels sprouts re grown ground reason major shift sprouts carrots effects shift consumers buy brussels sprouts fewer carrots shortage brussels sprouts glut carrots develop order unload surplus stocks carrots merchants reduce price carrots belief sell reduced price sell sellers brussels sprouts find unable satisfy customers demands product sprouts scarce commodity merchants charge price rises fewer willing able purchase sprouts making expensive limits demand supply farmers rise price brussels sprouts fall price carrots brussels sprout production profitable past costs producing sprouts remained unchanged market price risen
deal put measurement elasticity chapter summarize actual measurements important determinants elasticity undoubtedly degree availability close substitutes commodities margarine cabbage pork fords close substitutes butter green vegetables beef similar makes cars change price commodities prices substitutes remaining constant expected substitution fall price leading consumers buy commodity question rise price leading consumers buy substitute commodities salt housing vegetables group satisfactory substitutes rise price expected smaller fall quantity demanded case close substitutes extent elasticity depends widely narrowly commodity defined food shelter necessities sense minimum quantity fact food demand large price range follow food white bread cornflakes necessity sense reason believe quantity demanded food fall greatly result rise price purpose measuring demand elasticity discover degree quantity demanded responds change factors influence response quantity commodity demanded commodity price considered important demand responds incomes prices goods
order understand firms behavior need determines costs production costs vary output varies principle opportunity cost shows put money factor services process production money values factor services produce output added total cost producing output costs related output consider firm producing single product number plants rate sales fallen production reduced correspondingly production held rate unsold amounts stored anticipated future rise sales production reduced single plant closed plants operated fewer hours week demand increases sharply unexpectedly production squeezed existing facilities matters concern existing plant equipment involve periods short build plants install equipment decisions implemented quickly plant shut weeks notice overtime increased tomorrow production workers added soon hired trained weighty decisions managers range planning firm adopt highly automated process greatly reduce wage bill borrow large sums money buy equipment continue build plants techniques build plants area labor plentiful distant sources raw materials matters concern firm changing replacing plant equipment
goodyear certainly engage competitive behavior true individually power market firm raise prices continue sell tires power decide limits set buyers tastes prices competing tires price consumers pay product iowa nebraska wheat farmers engage active competitive behavior operate market power significant power change market price wheat altering behavior extreme competitive market structures economists theory single firm market power firms accept price set forces market demand supply theory perfectly competitive market structure need individual firms behave competitively respect power market firm ability sell product behavior firm apparent paradox competition occur perfectly competitive markets resolved recognize distinction competitive behavior competitive structure market firm operates theory perfectly competitive market structure applies directly number realworld markets comparison market structures firms significant market power market demand curves cost curves individual firms basic elements theory product pricing sufficient provide theory price
practice alternative measures widely concentration ratio shows fraction total market sales controlled largest group sellers common types concentration ratios cite share total market sales largest firms concentration ratios measure effective monopoly power matter substantial debate economists problem define market reasonable accuracy concentration ratios national cement sales low market power cement companies heavy transportation costs divide cement industry series regional markets firms discuss problems market definition chapter problem interpretation concentration ratios adequate proxies intensity competition clearly market share measure potential power control supply set price inclusion concentration ratios market shares firms rests possibility large firms adopt common price output policy policy adopt fact unified management common behavior occur actual agreement lawyers speak conscious parallel action economists tacit collusion refer parallel behavior concentration ratios measure actual exercise monopoly power overt tacit collusion occurs high concentration ratios exercise monopoly power sufficient tend show potential monopoly power necessarily actuality economists lead professor joe bain profit rates measure monopoly power
trade unionism origin pitifully low standard living average nineteenth century worker family explanation low standard living lay small size national output relative population wealthiest countries equal division national wealth families left poverty present standards poverty existed centuries accentuated twin processes urbanization industrialization farmer moderately content working land restive discontented family moved grimy smoky nineteenth century city lived crowded unsanitary tenement took job sweatshop factory focus resentment employer employer set wages wages low boss arbitrary seldom sympathetic boss conspicuously employees unhappy workers course free quit job starve grumbled protested fired worse meant hire conditions grievances working women full range radical political movements conditions pragmatic american form collective action called bread butter unionism goals higher wages working conditions social political reform early industrial organizer saw ten hundred employees acting influence acting dreamed stand solid employer word solidarity occurs literature songs labor movement
owners firm stockholders persons put money purchase shares firm money firm risk losing return share firm profits stocks firm proliferate bewildering number types basically common stock preferred stock common stock carries voting rights residual claim profits claims met remaining profits belong common stockholders legal limit profits earned company limit potential dividends paid common stockholders firms obliged law pay fixed portion profits dividends fact practice corporations payout ratio varies enormously firms pay large fraction hold meet contingencies times pay small dividends order reinvest retained funds enterprise basic difference preferred stock common stock preferred stock carries preference common stock profits obligations met profits earned corporation obliged pay dividend preferred stockholders stated maximum rate dividends paid dollar originally invested bondholders creditors owners firm loaned money firm return bond promise pay stated sum money interest loan repay loan stated future say promise pay legal obligation firm part profits
nation economy consists thousands thousands individual markets markets agricultural goods manufactured goods consumers services markets semi manufactured goods steel pig iron outposts industries inputs markets raw materials iron ore trees bauxite copper markets land thousands types labor markets money borrowed securities sold economy series markets functioning isolation interlocking system occurrence market affect coordination occurs markets brought price system surpluses reflected price quantity signal decision makers happening economy responses signals signals change trigger pebble thrown pond change market sends ripples waves markets change increase demand beef requires adjustments production beef change manner decide produced consumed decisions army planners sit central office order produced large number decentralized decision makers households firms responding series economic signals economy markets price system decisions examined places book respect carrots brussels sprouts chapter agriculture chapter ball point pens chapter
need plant equipment obviously influenced demand goods plant equipment designed produce rise demand expected persist met increasing production existing industrial capacity plant equipment needed production plant equipment investment plants built put operation rate investment fall illustrates important characteristic investment encountered case inventories desired stock capital goods increases investment boom capital produced business conditions continue look rosy justify increased stock capital investment plant equipment cease larger capital stock achieved aspect investment leads accelerator theory investment requires close look desired stock capital goods lead spurts investment activity pattern investment prove changeable according accelerator theory called accelerator investment related rate change national income income increasing invest order increase capacity produce consumption goods income falling replace capital wears let invest capital main insight accelerator theory emphasis role net investment phenomenon occurs stock capital goods differs firms households net investment occur desired quantities inventories buildings equipment achieved desired quantities generate investment
administration fiscal policy slowly increasing stimulus inflation rate accelerated inflation unemployment perceived major enemy full employment deficit reduced turned surplus decade began economic report president dominated concern inflation control inflation stated major goal policy fiscal monetary policies called reduce inflation middle policy achieved goal occurred recession begun experience earlier decades impressive ability manipulate aggregate demand stance fiscal policy changed times pursuit stabilization policy automatic effects real growth rapid inflation introduces fiscal drag response direction predicted economic theory began demonstration policymakers aided modern theory manipulate aggregate demand carter administration trouble inducing recession beginning knew effect decline economic activity inflation rate restrictive fiscal policy raises taxes lowers government expenditure lower aggregate expenditure function remove inflationary gap create deflationary gap inflation due excess demand restrictive fiscal policy control inflation removing excess demand inflation half early proceeded excess demand
imaginary receipts disbursements households firms perfectly synchronized unnecessary hold transactions balances household spent part payment income transactions balances needed real receipts disbursements perfectly synchronized consider balances held wage payments assume purposes illustration firms pay wages friday households spend wages purchase goods services expenditure spread evenly week friday morning firms hold balances equal weekly wage bill friday afternoon households hold balances week households balances drawn result purchasing goods services period balances held firms build result selling goods services friday morning firms amassed balances equal wage bill met average week firms hold balances equal half wage bill households total money balances held equal total weekly wage bill notice money circulates group holds varying balance week combined demand balances summed groups remains constant size balances held transactions purposes influenced size wage bill wage bill doubles employed rate number employed wage rate balances held double
average burmese rural ethiopian hungry today grandparents growth problem faced underdeveloped countries treadmill escalator modest gains capital stock eventually add produce sustained growth necessarily amount output person determines living standards rise losing race output population population growth central problem economic development population expands fast national income capita income increase population expands rapidly country effort raise quantity capital find rise population occurred net effect growth policy larger population maintained original low standard living problem poorest countries due population growth appreciable gains income gains eaten literally increasing population table shows population problem led economists talk critical minimum effort required merely increase capital increase fast increase output increase population problem arises population size independent level income population control left nature nature solves cruel population increases forced live subsistence level population growth halted famine pestilence plague grim situation perceived early history economics thomas malthus ways population problem severe today generation ago advances medicine public health brought sharp sudden decreases death rates
limited exceptions central government owns land natural resources capital goods business enterprises urban housing industrial sector ownership virtually complete retail fields stores thirds total sales bulk rest accounted rural cooperatives small amount farm produce sold free farmers markets rural housing urban housing privately owned officially restricted personal rest publicly owned agricultural production comes farms called owned run managed half production comes collective farms nominally cooperatives peasants forced fact closely controlled differences minor remainder total agricultural output produced privately owned farms members collective farms garden plots allowed cultivate spare private enterprise profitable permitted agriculture personal services kinds psychiatric counseling carpentry official figures underestimate private sector ignoring illegal black market privately produced goods services black market response households permitted savings deposits personal possessions restricted supply officially goods glad buy goods services turn glad earn extra money producing industrial sector soviet economy production predominantly organized individual plants managed director appointed central authorities approval local communist party group
consider happens government project finished extent financed current taxes inflationary creation money matter finished government expenditure resources transferred production goods services households disposable income allowed rise reducing taxes extent government activity financed borrowing private sector debt remains activity completed pay interest bondholders eventually repay bonds reach maturity extent interest payments eventual redemption bonds tax revenue taxpayers suffer reduction consumption transfer reversed return bearing original reduction consumption bondholders heirs enjoy rise consumption taxpayers bondholders suffer reduction community cost terms output borne original activity activity finished total production goods services private sector economy returns normal opportunity cost postponed individuals buy bonds pay share cost activity transferring claims current production individuals buy bonds seen current cost government expenditure current production method finance influence distribution cost society method finance affect extent current generations shift real opportunity cost government activity future generations taxes consumption goods cutbacks private production expected fall consumer goods
closely related fallacy composition fact notions ideas valid prosperity invalid depression vice versa economic principles rest specific presupposition concerning phase business cycle validity principle depend existence times bad times economist deems thrift saving economically beneficial desirable periods prosperity involving sharp inflation discover high level saving tend reduce inflationary pressure periods depression economist equally correct generalizing effect saving economic vice reason saving unemployment depression hazard economic thinking assume simply event precedes necessarily kind faulty reasoning known post hoc hoc fallacy classic clearly fallacy inherent reasoning suppose early spring medicine native tribe performs ritual village green costume week later trees grass turn green safely conclude event medicine gyrations caused event landscape turning green rooster crows dawn mean rooster responsible sunrise especially important analyzing sets empirical data confuse correlation causation correlation technical term sets data systematic dependable find increases increases
fundamental characteristic demand price falls quantity demanded rises alternatively price increases quantity demanded falls short inverse relationship price quantity demanded economists labeled inverse relationship law demand foundation law rest levels sophistication argue case common sense simple observation consistent demand curve ordinarily buy product low price high price consumers price obstacle buying higher obstacle product buy lower price obstacle buy words high price discourages consumers buying low price encourages buy plain fact businesses sales concrete evidence belief law demand bargain days based law demand period buyer product derive satisfaction benefit utility successive unit product big mac yield satisfaction added benefit utility consumption subject diminishing marginal utility success units product yield extra satisfaction consumers buy additional units price reduced slightly sophisticated level law demand explained terms income substitution effects income effect simply lower price afford giving alternative goods words decline price product increase purchasing power money income able buy product
let suppose change occurs consumer taste specifically let say consumers decide want hand calculators fewer slide rules economy providing price system communicate change businesses resource suppliers prompt adjustments assumed change consumers tastes communicated producers increase demand calculators decline demand slide rules means calculator prices rise slide rule prices fall assuming firms industries enjoying precisely normal profits prior consumer demand higher calculator prices mean economic profits calculator industry lower slide rule prices entail losses slide rule industry interest induces competitors enter prosperous calculator industry losses force firms leave depressed slide rule industry adjustments recall limiting expansion calculator industry continue point resulting increase market supply calculators brings calculator prices level normal profits prevail similarly contraction slide rule industry persist accompanying decline market supply slide rules brings slide rule prices level remaining firms receive normal profit crucial point note adjustments business sector completely assumed consumer tastes society meaning consumers wants hand calculators fewer slide rules precisely getting calculator industry expands slide rule industry contracts adjustments incidentally portray concept consumer sovereignty analysis proceeds assumption resource suppliers agreeable adjustments
analysis redistributive impact inflation deflation demands distinguish carefully real money income money income simply number dollars receives pay envelope real income hand amount goods services consumer obtain money income moment reflection clear real income depends money income prices pay goods services purchase distinction mind easy inflation arbitrarily penalizes living fixed money incomes households money incomes lag rising level product prices find real incomes deteriorate inflation purchasing power dollar worth income receive fall prices rise receive number dollars pay envelopes standard living decline obvious cases white color workers public employees living welfare transfer payments remain fixed substantial periods elderly receive modest inflexible pensions victims inflation note adverse redistributive effect inflation social security recipients offset recent substantial increases size benefits fact social security benefits indexed tied consumer price index prevent erosion inflation living flexible incomes benefit inflation money incomes households spurt ahead price level cost living result real incomes enhanced workers employed expanding industries represented vigorous unions wage incomes apace ahead rate inflation
discussed durability capital equipment results making investment decisions basis expected net profit tendency business firms project current business conditions future equally true expectations subject radical revision event combination events suggests significant change future business conditions kinds events business confidence capricious domestic political climate cold war energy developments population growth anticipated market demand court decisions key labor antitrust cases legislative actions strikes governmental economic policies host similar considerations give rise waves business optimism pessimism stock market merits specific comment regard business planners frequently look stock market index barometer confidence society future business conditions rising bull market signifies public confidence business future falling bear market implies lack confidence stock market speculative market initially modest stock prices seriously intensified participants jump buying prices begin rise selling stock prices start fall affecting relative attractiveness capital opposed purchasing ownership claims stock existing capital facilities stock values affect level investment similar reasons correct associate fluctuations output employment investment terms figure think reflected frequent substantial upward downward shifts investment schedule
owe public debt answer part owe fourths government bonds held internally owned held citizens institutions banks businesses insurance companies governmental agencies trust funds united states public debt public credit public debt liability american taxpayers debt simultaneously asset american bondholders retirement public debt call gigantic transfer payment american individuals institutions pay higher taxes government turn pay tax revenues taxpaying individuals institutions aggregate redeeming bonds hold redistribution wealth result gigantic financial transfer need entail decline economy aggregate wealth standard living repayment internally held public debt entails leakage purchasing power economy country denying absolute size public debt large billion comprehension fear large numbers se let put size public debt perspective bald statement absolute size debt fact wealth productive ability economy increased tremendously safe say wealthy nation greater ability incur carry large public debt poor nation words realistic measure public debt relation economy gnp
sources economic growth basically strategic ingredients growth economy factors relate physical ability economy grow quantity quality natural resources quantity quality human resources supply stock capital goods technology items termed supply factors economic growth physical agents greater production availability resources including stock technological knowledge permits economy produce greater real output ability grow actual realization growth things specifically additional considerations contribute growth demand factor growth realize growing productive potential nation obviously provide full employment expanding supplies resources requires growing level aggregate demand factor growth achieve productive potential nation provide full employment resources full production ability expand production sufficient condition expansion total output actual employment expanded resource supplies allocation resources maximum amount goods produced required notable supply demand factors growth related unemployment tends retard rate capital accumulation slow expenditures research conversely low rate innovation investment basic unemployment factors proper perspective recalling chapter production possibilities curve reproduced figure
price system course basic mechanism market economies signal react relative scarcity reserves say copper aluminum increasingly scarce prices rise responses automatically occur hand resource users strongly motivated conserve resources employing substitutes plastic copper pipes housing developing resource saving production techniques hand higher resource prices provide incentive resource producers expand output mining lower grade ores recyling economically lower prices point price mechanism automatically induces responses tend alleviate resource shortages economy mindless glutton devour morsel notices plate empty critics doomsday position argue run alterations human behavior important resources determining materialistic future evidence adjust behavioral patterns respect procreation breed economic united states baby boom late recently birth change attributable improved birth control techniques wider acceptance family planning achieve ideal family size changed attitudes abortion greater participation women labor force birthrates united states slightly population growth levels highly relevant present discussion note economic growth prerequisite control population growth opportunity cost children rises growth increases average incomes
precise examples pure competition neglect government farm program agriculture illustrations find hundreds thousands farmers producing class corn product obviously standardized uniform class corn class corn firm supplies small fraction total single farmer control market price class corn individual farmer accepts market price exists highly organized market datum influence farmer sell wants affecting price financial resources squandered advertising sales promotion farmer jones knows thousands thousands farmers producing identical product buyers aware advertising futile sheer waste effort money markets wheat cotton barley oats types livestock farm staples fit competitive mold outlined industries approximate pure competition model norm competitive markets evaluated turn extreme spectrum pure monopoly sharpest contrast pure competition pure absolute monopolist firm industry single firm producer product sole supplier service firm industry synonymous follows characteristic monopolist product unique sense close substitutes
price discrimination widely practiced economy sales representative communicate important information corporate headquarters highly demand distance telephone service pays high daytime rate college student making periodic reporting call folks home elastic demand call advantage lower evening weekend rates electric utilities frequently segment markets end lighting heating absence reasonable substitutes means demand electricity illumination price kilowatt hour high availability natural gas petroleum alternatives electrical heating makes demand electricity elastic purpose price charged lower similarly industrial users electricity typically charged lower rates residential users alternative constructing generating equipment individual household movie theaters golf courses vary charges basis higher rates evening weekends demand strong age ability pay railroads vary rate charged ton mile freight according market product shipped shipper tons television sets costume jewelry charged shipper tons gravel coal physicians lawyers frequently set fees service basis ability pay rich person pay higher fee divorce appendix removed poor person manufacturer sells whiskey high price prestige label lower price label appliance tire manufacturer sells product directly public price sears ward lower price
noted reasons aversion price competition aversion lead informal type collusion price united states price collusion accompanied nonprice competition typically nonprice competition firm share total market determined emphasis nonprice competition roots basic facts price cuts quickly easily met firm rivals possibility significantly increasing share market price competition small rivals promptly cancel potential gain sales matching price cuts course risk present price competition precipitate disastrous price warring nonprice competition likely hand positively stated feel permanent advantages gained rivals nonprice competition product techniques successful advertising gimmicks duplicated quickly completely price reductions obvious reason tremendous emphasis put nonprice competition manufacturing typically blessed substantial financial resources support advertising product development nonprice competition basic characteristic competitive industries financial position indulge fully oligopoly efficient market structure society standpoint specifically price output behavior compete purely competitive firm exists variety oligopoly models kinked demand collusion price leadership cost pricing difficult comparison distinct views evolved regarding economic consequences oligopoly traditional view holds oligopoly close monopoly structure expect operate roughly similar
union point view desirable technique raising wage rates increase demand labor shown figure increase demand labor result higher wage rates jobs relative sizes increases depend elasticity labor supply classic examples international ladies garment workers union clothing workers union assisted clothing firms increase productivity york locals helped employers financing advertising campaigns bolster demand products accident unions vigorously supported employers seeking maintain protective tariffs designed exclude competing foreign products american watch workers union case point unions sought expand demand labor forcing rules employers prior fairly recent court rulings railway brotherhoods forced railroads hire train crews minimum size diesel engines fireman fire opportunity unions increase demand labor limited main reason obvious noted earlier discussion general level wages basic forces underlying productivity demand labor largely control labor unions quantity quality capital equipment labor combined basic determinants labor productivity firms matter unions typically control noted instances unions pleaded tariff protection practiced situation union attempting offset forestall declines demand labor actually increase existing demand type labor
nations trade basis trade nations stated generally international trade means nations specialize increase productivity resources realize larger total output sovereign nations individuals regions nation gain specializing products produce greatest relative efficiency trading goods produce efficiently rationale trade correct sense begs question sophisticated answer question nations trade hinges points distribution economic resources natural human capital goods nations uneven nations substantially economic resources efficient production goods requires technologies combinations resources character interaction points readily illustrated japan large educated labor force skilled labor abundant cheap japan produce efficiently low cost variety goods production requires skilled labor cameras transistor radios tape recorders examples labor intensive commodities contrast australia vast amounts land comparison human capital resources cheaply produce land intensive commodities wheat wool meat brazil possesses soil tropical climate rainfall ample supplies unskilled labor requisite efficient low cost production coffee similarly united states industrially advanced nations strategic position produce cheaply variety capital intensive goods automobiles agricultural equipment machinery chemicals important emphasize economic efficiency nations produce goods change
suppose united states incurs balance payments deficit importing britain exports result dollar price pounds move gold export point gold flow united states amount money circulation decline credit availability lessened interest rates tend rise things unchanged conducive decline aggregate demand national income price level united states opposite occurs britain inflow gold expands money supply lowering interest rates causing aggregate demand national income price level rise declining american prices incomes rising british prices incomes encourage american exports discourage american imports britain correct initial american payments deficit similarly rise united states interest rates relative british interest rates encourage americans invest home british buy bonds united states note reduce american demand pounds increase supply pounds terms figure curve shift left ss curve providing intersection equilibrium point broken line points point initial balance payments deficit eliminated gold standard entails obvious advantages stable exchange rates gold standard fosters reduce uncertainty risk stimulate volume international trade gold standard automatically corrects balance payments
economic objectives established communist party task planning commission gosplan construct detailed economic blueprint designed bring realization goals formulating plan gosplan collects voluminous amounts statistical data host subordinate ministries concerned operation industries data tentative plan constructed projected plan divided annual plans relevant actual operating purposes annual plan submitted units soviet administrative hierarchy study evaluation criticism criticism noted concerns specific details economic plan anticipated problems fulfillment goals plan seeks let illustrate procedure note obvious organizational alternatives planned economy geographical regional functional industrial enterprises industry grouped planning regardless location soviet union alternatives mixtures emphasis industrial approach number countrywide ministries ministries construction machine tools automobiles tractors subordinate gosplan planning hierarchy important point relevant segments plan submitted subordinate agencies exercise operational control annual plan evaluated industrywide level individual plants enterprises level plan analyzed suggestions revision alterations proposed production goals planned allocations inputs evaluations passed planning hierarchy gosplan taking account suggestions criticisms feels worthy gosplan draws final plan
define atom smallest particle element enter chemical combination particles carbon oxygen combine form molecule carbon dioxide atoms atom element capable independent existence cases atom element molecule identical molecule element atom molecule monatomic examples elements composed monatomic molecules helium neon xenon hand elements hydrogen oxygen nitrogen fluorine chlorine bromine iodine consist diatomic molecules atoms molecule molecules phosphorus sulfur atoms follows term molecule applies small particles elements compounds term atom applies smallest particle element retains identity element chapter atoms fundamental units matter atoms smaller particles comprising complex system word atom comes greek word means indivisible early greek philosophers originators concept atoms taught matter composed atoms finitely divisible generally credited father atomic theory john dalton english chemist physicist revived greek atomic hypothesis put quantitative basis greeks dalton distinction atoms molecules today applied word atom particles elements compounds
known elements vary greatly physical chemical properties nature compounds form study individual properties compounds elements prove extremely laborious consuming element element similarities groupings simplify study widely grouping called periodic table evident early development chemistry elements known grouped reason similar properties members grouping lithium sodium potassium portion group called alkali metals elements look metals conduct electricity react chlorine forming white water soluble compounds chlorine atom metal atom react water giving hydrogen gas metal hydroxides lithium hydroxide sodium hydroxide naoh potassium hydroxide grouping calcium strontium barium portion group called alkaline earth metals look metals conduct electricity react chlorine giving white solids calcium chloride strontium chloride barium chloride give hydroxides calcium hydroxide ca strontium hydroxide sr barium hydroxide ba react water case chlorine atoms hydroxyl groups metal atom fluorine chlorine bromine iodine group called halogens exhibit similar properties conduct electricity nonmetallic
ways define radii atoms determine relative sizes concept covalent radius covalent radius atom half distance nuclei atoms joined single covalent bond concept covalent bond discussed chapter simply covalent radius measure size atom general left periods periodic table element smaller covalent radius preceding change size attributed increasing nuclear charge periods added electrons going partially occupied shells element element hydrogen periodic table nuclear charge higher preceding element element electron preceding element period number shells constant general period additional electrons shell larger nuclear charge result larger force electrostatic attraction nucleus electrons theory decrease covalent radii period proceeding groups periodic table succeeding elements increasing covalent radii result larger numbers electron shells factor offsets effect increased nuclear charge nuclear charge succeeding element increases group
heat removed water temperature lowered heat removed molecular motion decreases molecules comparatively fixed ordered positions relative motion remaining happens water freeze change liquid solid ice crystals hard rigid form rigidity small crystalline solids reflect resistance molecules change position facts diffusion takes place slight extent solid crystalline compounds show vapor pressure molecules motionless temperature solid lowered motion molecules gradually decreases minimum absolute solid substances crystalline nature solids sugar table salt form familiar composed single crystals crystalline solids daily contact aggregates interlocking small crystals common examples chunks ice objects metals crystal defined homogeneous solid atoms ions molecules arranged definite repeating pattern lattice crystals solids bounded plane surfaces angles surfaces crystal intersect substance characteristic substance figure illustrates appearance single crystals sodium chloride copper metal calcite
water covers nearly fourths earth surface present atmosphere earth crust composes large part living plant animal matter hundreds thousands chemical substances important plant animal water part eighteenth century water thought element henry cavendish showed water formed hydrogen burns air later antoine lavoisier determined composition water mass formula water relative masses hydrogen oxygen compound determined accuracy water abnormally low vapor pressure high boiling point high heat vaporization remarkable solvent properties compared molecules similar formula unusual properties closely related structure water molecule oxygen atom electronic structure unpaired electrons valence shell unpaired electrons pair valence electron hydrogen atoms lewis electronic structure water molecule bonding electron pairs lone pairs shown fig discussed chapter regions high electron density arranged oxygen atom giving water molecule bent structure reduction angle bond angle regular tetrahedral molecule attributed balance repulsions lone pairs bond pairs
noted section sugar dissolves water temperature dissolve solution saturated sugar added saturated solution excess sugar falls bottom container appears dissolving process stops actually molecules sugar continue leave solid solvent action water solution molecules sugar solution move diffusion collide solid bottom positions crystal lattice process crystallization opposite dissolution molecules return solid saturated solution process crystallization dissolution dynamic equilibrium dynamic equilibrium occurs saturated solutions partially liquid systems bromine water equilibrium bromine molecules leave bromine layer enter water layer number bromine molecules leave water layer return bromine layer saturated solution solution dissolved solute equilibrium undissolved solute crystal imperfect shape saturated solution crystalline material slowly mend shape loss particles solution gain particles solution experimental evidence saturated solution contact solid solute system dynamic equilibrium
salt dissolved water resulting solution neutral basic acidic depending nature salt salt formed strong acid strong base nacl yields aqueous solution practically neutral salt strong base weak acid forms aqueous solutions basic salt weak base strong acid acidic reaction water salt weak acid weak base form neutral basic acidic solutions depending relative strengths solubilities acid base substances aqueous solution react water disturb normal concentration hydrogen hydroxide ions formed auto ionization water reaction type water reactants called hydrolysis theory hydrolysis salts types discussed sections follow pointed earlier chapters ions known hydrated water solution convenience abbreviated form showing hydration water participant reaction hydrolysis reactions indication hydration ions important dealing hydrolysis formulas show extent hydration important understanding reaction involved
reaction proceeds spontaneously temperature pressure proceed spontaneously temperature pressure negative expect spontaneous reaction reaction change temperature temperatures reaction spontaneous physical change occurs solid crystal melts temperatures melting temperature solid melts spontaneously melting temperature tendency chemical reactions physical proceed spontaneously dependent temperature pressure temperature pressure virtually effect reaction evident factor addition energy change occurring reaction takes place considered determining reaction proceed spontaneously factor entropy change occurring change system takes place consider spontaneous exothermic melting ice room temperature decomposition calcium carbonate high temperature reactions occur increase disorder system molecules water ice crystal held fixed positions crystal regular repeating array ice melts water molecules held tightly free move liquid tumble
fluorine gas organic compounds replacing hydrogen fluorine early reactions difficult control commonly organic compounds dissolved anhydrous hydrogen fluoride solution electrolyzed compounds produced stable lubricants refrigerants hydraulic liquids plastics insecticides freon widely refrigerant insecticide teflon polymer composed units important fluorine gas production uranium separating isotopes uranium gaseous diffusion process connection production atomic energy fluorine making sulfur vi fluoride stable gas high dielectric insulating capacities high voltage fluoride ion added community water supplies decrease incidence dental cavities large quantities chlorine produced commercially bleaching wood pulp cotton cloth chlorine reacts water form hypochlorous acid bleaches oxidizing colored substances colorless compounds community water supplies treated small amounts chlorine kill bacteria large quantities chlorine chlorinating hydrocarbons replacing hydrogen chlorine produce compounds carbon tetrachloride chloroform production polyvinyl chloride polymers
seen kinds structural geometrical involve set molecules molecular formula structural isomers molecules arrangements bonds examples structural isomers butane isomers xylene geometric isomers atoms bonded order parts molecules arranged differently space relative trans isomers organic compounds groups arranged side sides trans end bond rotate type detected known polarized light called optical optical isomers detected effect polarized light ordinary light composed rays vibrate planes parallel direction travel rays ordinary light passed found polaroid sunglasses prism light vibrates plane transmitted light called plane polarized light direction plane light vibrates detected beam plane polarized light passes solution molecules single form optical isomer plane vibration light rotated molecules rotate plane plane polarized light optically active amount rotation optical activity varies compound compound
enzymes remarkably efficient catalysts enzyme carbonic catalyst single enzyme molecule transform molecules substrate minute product corresponds increase rate reaction presence enzyme explanation efficiency enzyme catalysis suggests binding substrate enzyme stretch strain substrate conformation substrate closely resembles transition reaction reducing activation energy reaction enzymes efficient catalysts remarkably selective catalysts ability enzymes specific substances substrates variety substances related structures suggests enzyme substrate fit manner lock opened limited number keys model suggests enzyme catalyzed reactions proceed steps substrate binds enzyme form enzyme substrate complex enzyme acts substrate convert substrate product substances bind enzyme limited number substances undergo reaction bound enzyme dehydrogenase binds normal substrate binds undergo reaction bound occupying portion substrate binding sites enzyme slows rate reaction effect inhibiting activity enzyme
modern genetics modern biochemistry rests dogmatic belief double helix dna serves center storage information controlling sequence incorporation amino acids protein biosynthesis transmit information daughter cells cell division dna molecule capable faultless replication reproduction daughter cells perfect copy information present parent cell information cell information coded structure dna double helix capable transcribed read finally mechanism exist translate code sequence amino acids assembly protein successful replication dna double helix rests observation presence nitrogenous base strand double helix implies presence complementary strand presence strand implies presence complementary strand step replication dna cell division involves binding proteins separate portion double helix single strands dna strand copied formation short segments finally joined form complements strand copied replication proceeds eventually identical copies original dna molecule present replication referred process copy retains strand parent dna molecule
important methods producing metals molten salts generally electrolyzed high chemical activity metals salts readily reduced methods king process producing barium mixture barium oxide barium peroxide reduced aluminum vacuum furnace temperature required reaction place low pressure mm maintained furnace metallic barium distills collected cold surface metals silvery white crystalline malleable ductile calcium harder lead strontium hard lead barium soft calcium strontium barium active metals activity increasing order named calcium react oxygen heated strontium oxidizes rapidly exposed air barium spontaneously flammable moist air heated metals combine hydrogen forming sulfur forming sulfides halogens forming halides nitrogen forming phosphorus forming metals displaces hydrogen water hydroxide formed calcium dehydrating agent organic solvents reducing agent production metals scavenger remove gases fused metals metallurgy hardening agent lead covering cables making storage battery grids bearings steel making alloyed silicon purposes
sodium chloride abundant minerals seawater sodium chloride waters dead sea salt lake vast deposits rock salt region germany united states large deposits found york michigan west virginia california extensive bed feet thick underlies parts oklahoma texas kansas salt consumed comes beds lie surface earth seawater salt removed underground beds mining forcing water deposits form saturated brines pumped surface natural salt soluble salts unsuitable salt purified dissolving water concentrating solution evaporation reduced pressure allowing crystals form impurities soluble salt reason remain solution salt crystallizes impurities soluble salt crystallize present small amounts soluble impurities calcium sulfate crystallize salt removed taking advantage decreasing solubility calcium sulfate sodium chloride solution temperature raised brine filtered hot resulting solution calcium sulfate saturated cooled calcium sulfate precipitate sodium chloride sodium chloride crystallizes free impurity
course qualitative analysis principal objectives give reasons analytical procedures results terms theory ionic equilibria especially relating weak electrolytes solubility products complex ions oxidation reduction practical side purpose teaching careful laboratory manipulation critical observation logical interpretation observed results qualitative analysis pertains identification constituents present sample substance mixture substances solution qualitative analysis solution common metal ions step separating ions metals groups ions exhibiting common chemical property basis separation separation common metal ions groups outlined briefly dilute hydrochloric acid added solution common metal ions mercury chloride silver chloride lead chloride precipitate common metal ions soluble acid solution separated group filtration group separated solution hydrochloric acid group ii metals precipitated sulfides addition hydrogen sulfide solution precipitate formed consists sulfides lead bismuth copper cadmium mercury ii arsenic antimony tin
chemistry study structure matter matter undergoes natural processes planned experiments chemistry familiar composition inanimate materials natural artificial vital processes living things including bodies chemical perspective fascinating develop perspective observations experiments firmly based human desire understanding search order chapter units scientific measurements broad areas chemical study introduced descriptive theoretical space rocket launched solid propellants erupt violent discharge incandescent gases consider mixing liquid vinegar solid baking soda lot gas bubbles produced solid completely disappear descriptive chemistry records characteristics substances distinguish describes conditions interact summarizes properties substances produced theoretical chemistry seeks explain place explanations focus behavior tiniest particles matter particles small seen learned indirect measurements chemistry part liberal education generations today assuming greater role growing awareness chemical viewpoint educated public recognition impact chemistry
cathode rays strike matter give rise effects roentgen discovered material struck cathode rays emit penetrating radiation called rays rays form electromagnetic radiation similar light waves radio waves greater energy rays mass charge rutherford developing concept nuclear atom worker moseley important discovery nuclei atoms found cathode rays struck elements anode targets ray tube characteristic rays emitted moseley tabulated ray results found general wavelengths rays emitted decreased regularly relative atomic weights elements increased figure artist drawing photographic records collected moseley note wavelengths rays decrease stepwise fashion calcium ca zinc zn brass alloy copper cu zinc shows lines characteristic elements learn chapter atomic spectroscopy discussed wavelength energy radiant energy inversely proportional shorter wavelength ray greater energy assumed high energy cathode ray knocks tightly held electron bombarded atom immediately replacement electron attracted falls fill vacancy ray emitted atoms high positive charges nuclei attract replacement electrons strongly emit high energy short wavelength rays
na potassium atoms smallest ionization energies elements listed suggests electron easily removed ionization energy atoms larger shows electrons strongly held facts lithium sodium potassium atoms electron loosely held positive nucleus electrons tightly held presumed nearer nucleus beryllium magnesium mg calcium ca atoms ionization energies small compared shows electrons removed easily note elements smallest ionization energies listed data beryllium magnesium calcium atoms electrons loosely held positive nucleus electrons removed remaining tightly held closer nucleus atoms helium neon ne argon ar large ionization energies means atoms hold electrons tightly electrons atoms believed arranged nuclei positions known energy levels outer electrons considerably removed electrons higher energy levels electrons nearer nucleus lower energy levels
understanding gaseous matter essential part study chemistry laboratory amount gaseous substance determined measuring volume volume gas varies pressure temperature conditions measured chief aims chapter show measurements calculate amounts gases gases sorts act remarkably similar ways subjected pressure temperature describe behavior gases terms broad simple laws nature called gas laws study laws twofold purpose show number calculations dealing gaseous reactants relate behavior gases molecular theory chemical reactions study gases fundamental understanding ways particles reactants interact think easily handle samples liquids solids study behavior simpler study gases case working gases familiar powerful ways looking matter moving particle theory kinetic molecular theory states matter gaseous liquid solid familiar clearly characteristics distinguish
encountered chemical reactions substance produced initially gaseous quickly condenses liquid form energy change accompanies chemical reaction depends states reactants products consider burning methane main constituent natural gas produce carbon dioxide water amount energy released water produced gaseous condenses liquid chapter discuss structures liquids solids energy occur substance reactions place gaseous solid phases chemical reactions involve liquids planned reactions carried laboratory industry reactions happen nature occur liquid phase majority reactions important living plants animals place common liquid water understanding liquid solid states matter essential understanding chemical reactions interest fortunately kinetic molecular theory applies gases extended straightforward liquids solids main differences due fact particles gases widely separated particles liquids solids touching molecules liquids move solids media movements restricted slower movements molecules gases
intermolecular attractions affect properties liquids melting boiling points heat fusion heat vaporization properties related intermolecular attractions surface tension force makes liquid tend form spherical drop form curved surface meniscus comes contact container case drop meniscus curved surface formed smallest area circumstances minimizes surface energy intermolecular forces molecules substance similar substances called cohesive forces forces molecules unlike substances liquids gases hand solids called adhesive forces water molecules strongly attracted bound groups surface glass water tends creep sides glass container due cohesive intermolecular attractions molecules creep sides draw water molecules rise column liquid small tube called capillary rise height column related radius tube surface tension liquid weight column liquid drawn measuring height radius tube weight column surface tension calculated strong cohesive intermolecular attractions water high surface tension compared substances
mixture liquids boiled vapor escapes liquid composition boiling liquid common behavior vapor richer concentrated volatile component boiling part liquid condensing vapor mixture separated parts condensed vapor called richer original liquid volatile component liquid left called residue richer volatile component prepare liquid mixtures known percentage composition measure initial boiling points compositions vapors plot resulting data obtain distillation curves type shown figure curves allow determine percentage composition liquid mixture composition boiling point curves shown figure mixtures hypothetical liquids approximately ideal behavior pure boils pure boils horizontal line drawn boiling point intersects liquid composition curve vapor composition curve horizontal line boiling point intersects liquid curve mole fractions shown point mole fraction composition vapor boiling point shown point effect continually boiling liquid original composition shown directional arrows figure escaping vapor richer liquid left residue increasingly rich mole fraction liquid residue increases boiling point steadily rises moving lower curve upward
colloids adsorb substances process adsorption widely removal undesirable colors odors materials separation mixtures concentration ores purification processes gas masks commonly activated charcoal type activated charcoal heating charcoal air steam half carbon burned leaves porous carbon skeleton porous large percentage remaining carbon atoms surface atoms capable addition present commercial gas masks activated charcoal widely industry laboratory remove impurities objectionable odors flavors colors properties cigarette filters called standard puff cigarette volume ml times billion particles vary size diameter particles addition gaseous molecules formed combustion compounds identified particles present tobacco smoke known possess carcinogenic activity induce types cancer cells experimental animals adsorption removes means colloidal matter tobacco smoke remove disappearance smoke desire puff
standard unit heat energy calorie device measure heat change chemical reaction called calorimeter techniques developed lavoisier early chemists refined precision today laboratories national bureau standards common experimental methods called combustion reaction method element compound burned generally oxygen determines energy heat liberated reaction reaction refers determination heat reaction combustion reaction method commonly inorganic compounds solutions applied organic compounds combustion involves complete breakdown carbon skeleton compound burns oxygen combustion method wide application organic compounds possess low reactivity reagents oxygen give organic product reagents reaction compounds readily undergo fairly rapid reactions moderate temperatures formation unwanted side products types calorimeters efficiently combustion type calorimeter shown figure calorimeter study reactions solution shown figure calorimeter type shown figure reaction takes place reaction chamber immersed weighed quantity water inside insulated vessel
preceding chapters looked closely major classes reactions ions aqueous solution acid base reactions precipitation reactions chapter major class oxidation reduction reactions types reactions important solvents water gaseous solid phases reactions aqueous solution greatest importance continue devote attention systems oxidation reduction redox reactions involve oxidation states reactants simple examples actual loss electrons reactant gain flow electrons accompanying reaction constitutes current electricity chemical change referred electrochemistry begin study redox equilibria examine reactions produce electric current learn driving force reaction measured predict chemical situation equilibrium principles spontaneity equilibria apply electrochemical reactions apply redox reactions solution look number typical reactions learn balance redox equations difficult balance ordinary trial error method finally important applications electrochemistry electrochemical reactions subdivided classes produce current electricity process occuring battery produced current electricity electrolysis
gas ionization counter ionizing particle passes gas charged electrodes ions formed gas attracted electrodes pulse electric current flow figure shows schematic diagram typical arrangement takes advantage ionization phenomenon count number charged particles pass electrodes counting tube operates follows portion metal tube cut replaced window thin sheet material penetrated alpha beta particles gamma rays high potential applied inside wire metal tube speeding particle ray comes window ionization gas molecules tube positive ions formed electrons knocked free conduct pulse current wire tube current detector light flash sound elaborate models provided automatic recording devices surge current counted voltage electrodes low ions electrons formed ionizing particle amount current flows slight current amplified electronically order activate light voltage electrodes high ions electrons initially formed speed electrodes force knock electrons molecules paths
recent sorts isotopes produced neutron bombardment nuclear reactors designed purpose mention special isotopes radioactivity effectively detection treatment illness incorporated compounds concentrate malignancies radiation guides surgeon locating diseased tissue thallium quickly normal heart muscle blood vessel cells photographic images reveal location damaged malfunctioning cells absorb isotope cancer thyroid treated iodine concentrates gland gamma emitting units cobalt hundreds hospitals place ray machines treatment cancer including leukemia alpha emitter ionization chambers smoke detecting devices warn fires pellets concentrated strontium red hot due intense energy emission power sources instruments sunk deep sea space probes neutron bombardment natural materials effective ways identify small samples complex unknowns matter bombarded neutrons kinds artificial radioactive nuclides formed measuring radiation spectrum bombarded sample obtains neutron activation analysis strands hair found scene crime traced individual lost samples oil illegally washed tankers sea traced offending vessel
carbon dioxide produced combustion common fuels coal petroleum wood component breath exhaled animals results oxidation food body present atmosphere extent percent concentration rise percent crowded room carbon dioxide poisonous high concentration air percent unhealthy lowers oxygen concentration harmful physiologic effects unconsciousness failure respiratory muscles change ph blood carbon dioxide person system large amounts gas found water geysers mineral springs atmosphere cave valley carbon dioxide seeps fissures ground dangerous gas high density compared air tends stay low places poured vessel liquid remain open beaker short slowly diffuses air constantly entering atmosphere variety ways carbon dioxide constantly removed photosynthesis plants formation carbonate rocks formation shells marine animals today concentration atmospheric carbon dioxide increasing intense industrial agricultural activity
carbon atom alkane molecule bonded atoms illustrated molecular models ethane propane butane figure condensed structural formulas lewis formulas represent structures molecules formulas provide information represented lewis diagrams simpler write examples condensed structural formulas shown beneath molecular models figure compounds molecular formula structural formulas defined section isomers compounds alkane series reach molecular formula formula arrangements carbon chain isomers known shown figure arrangements isomers found molecular formulas grow larger numbers isomers increase markedly molecular formula isomers compounds differ chemically physically identified experimentally differences melting points boiling points densities solubilities solvents chemical activities absorption spectra examples shown figure difference structure due arrangements carbon atoms alkane isomers called butane carbon atoms joined continuous unbranched chain alkane called carbon atoms continuous chain arrangement fourth joined branch
practically chemical reactions place living organisms require presence catalytic substances enzymes order proceed measurable rate mild conditions temperature ph exist cells enzymes obtained crystalline high degree purity formed living cells proteins protein structure including amino acid sequence known enzymes structure enzyme bovine pancreas catalyst digestion rna enzyme shown molecular weight consist amino acid units amino acids arranged specific sequence give globular shaped molecule major difference catalytic action inorganic catalysts enzymes called turnover number larger turnover number defined number moles reactant transformed mole enzyme minute definite temperature varies times means small amount enzyme needed catalyze reaction major difference inorganic catalysts enzymes specificity catalytic action enzymes platinum catalyze variety reactions ranging hydrogenation double bonds oxidation production sulfuric acid hand specific enzyme catalyst splitting urea effect compounds
atom carroll consists positively charged nucleus surrounded negatively charged particles called electrons positive charges equal negative charges atom charge electrically neutral atom mass nucleus mass electron mass lightest nucleus hydrogen nucleus heavy small compared size atom radius typical atom angstroms radius nucleus atom enlarged size earth nucleus feet diameter easily rest inside small football stadium nucleus atom protons neutrons protons neutrons nearly equal masses differ charge neutron charge proton positive charge exactly balances negative charge electron table lists charges fundamental particles masses expressed atomic mass units atomic mass unit amu defined exactly twelfth mass carbon atom protons neutrons nucleus scale protons neutrons masses close precisely amu matter information point times amu gram number known avogadro number later chapter show ways number calculated
strongest attractions atom atoms bonded molecule molecules exert small appreciable attractions molecules slightly sticky forces caused momentary fluctuations electron distributions atoms known van der waals attractions dutch physicist johannes van der waals responsible existence states phases matter temperatures solids liquids gases temperature measure heat energy energy motion collection molecules possesses low temperatures molecules energy motion van der waals attractions hold orderly close packed crystalline array lattice solid energy fed crystal temperature rises molecules vibrate average equilibrium positions crystal energy ordered structure molecular crystal break molecules free slide past touching liquid transition temperature solid liquid called melting point liquid held van der waals attractions molecules energy motion locked rigid array energy liquid molecules begin move fast overcome van der waals attractions separate entirely travel independent molecular trajectories space
conservation mass chemist means conservation total number type atom chemical reaction exactly type atom present products reaction provided reactants chemist counts molecules weighing substance weight grams number moles mole substance number particles quantity grams numerically molecular weight substance atomic mass units obtain number moles sample divide weight grams molecular weight material grams mole elemental analysis substance give percentage element weight number grams element material analysis dividing gram quantities atomic weight element produces set numbers giving relative amounts kind atom simplest formula specifies relative number kind atom called empirical formula compound salt discrete molecules empirical formula molecular weight integral multiples empirical formula formula weight information elemental analysis insufficient determine true molecular formula rough molecular weight known physical measurement choose proper multiple empirical formula true molecular formula
oldest ideas science fundamental materials empedocles greece performed recorded chemical analysis noted wood burns smoke air rises flame fire water vapor condense cool surface held flame combustion remains ash earth empedocles interpreted combustion breaking burning substance elements earth air fire water later writers generalized elements substances composed varying proportions originally ideas meant flights metaphysical invention attempts explain observations later greek arabic alchemists ideas imbued mysticism earth air fire water abandoned fundamental elements varying sets call elements simple compounds chosen alchemists fundamental materials nature aristotle gave definition element improved element composed elements element bodies resolved exists potentially actually resolved simpler kind definition answer question recognize element encounter robert boyle gave practical definition element substance gain weight undergoing chemical change
idea atoms democritus greece proposed atomic theory contained virtually dalton ideas subject original writings lost theory attacks opponents poem written roman epicurean poem entitled de rerum nature things ideas drifted alchemy nearly making significant impact isaac newton lavoisier believed atoms philosophical concepts figures speech helped thinking reactions theory requiring experiment important point overstressed theory science important makes understanding behavior real clearer describing bronze alloy tin copper superior describing confluence jupiter venus alchemical terminology tin copper theory suggests experiments properties bronze explained predicted improved celestial marriage theory leads apparent democritus atomic theory newton improvement celestial marriage idea dalton measurements explanations predictions atomic theory valuable dalton took table combining weights point departure asked ratios elements compounds fixed
chapter examine correlations exist physical chemical properties elements compounds correlations lead directly fundamental classification scheme matter periodic table ernest rutherford remarked kinds science physics stamp collecting periodic table ultimate stamp album final chapter book impression confirmed organize elements universe periodic table chemistry begin end established classification scheme set explain terms electrons subatomic particles atoms constructed explanation task later chapters begin theorize let early development chemistry chemists recognized elements similar properties earliest classification scheme divisions metals nonmetals metallic elements lustrous appearance malleable hammered thin sheets ductile drawn wires conduct heat electricity form compounds oxygen basic nonmetallic elements characteristic appearance generally conduct heat electricity form acidic oxides german chemist johann observed groups elements triads similar chemical properties case atomic weight element triad nearly average
hydrogen atoms effect brought closer begin exert effect nuclei positive charge repel electron clouds repel important attraction nucleus atom electron cloud atom atoms approach electron clouds pulled region nuclei combination nuclei electrons stable lower energy isolated nuclei electron closer nuclei electron density attracted lower energy falls stable assembly called molecule limit process nuclei close repulsion begins dominate limit nuclear repulsion greater nucleus electron cloud attraction potential energy molecule function distance atoms shown figure intermediate equilibrium distance attractive repulsive forces balanced pull atoms attractive forces pull push repulsive forces push atoms act tied spring condition balance equilibrium distance mean speak bond length
potential energies bonding orbitals shown figure closer nuclei held drag electron clouds higher energy molecule point energy molecule greater isolated atoms energies molecular orbitals equilibrium bonding distance plotted figure compared energy electrons orbitals isolated atoms summary atomic orbitals combined ways produce molecular orbitals bonding bonding orbital concentrates electron density nuclei orbital concentrates nuclei density plane halfway molecular orbitals symmetrical respect rotation line joining nuclei orbital spun line appearance electron density cloud sign wave function composing altered orbitals symmetry called sigma orbitals types molecular orbitals symbols sigma pi delta analogy atomic orbitals process explain occurrence molecules hydrogen molecule ion nuclei electron reasoning electron lowest energy molecular orbital figure bonding orbital molecule ion weakly stable
carry mathematical operations expression combining atomic orbitals produce bonding molecular orbital find atomic orbitals reasonably close energy molecule molecular orbitals contribution hydrogen atomic orbitals extreme molecule type ab combined orbital extremely high energy low energy find end mathematical analysis molecular orbital pure bonding orbital pure pair electrons bonding orbital true covalent bonding orbital lone electron pair orbital interaction atomic orbitals negligible hf molecule means terms partial ionic character bond hf energies hydrogen fluorine atomic orbitals effectively interaction fluorine orbital low energy orbitals close energy hydrogen effect appreciable combination molecular orbitals orbitals wrong symmetry combining hydrogen figure shows total overlap proper account signs wave functions
thompson natural autocratic leanings connections wife late husband led favorite british royal governor hampshire informer spy british needed information arms supplies colonial militia groups secreting england countryside suspected informer hampshire committee public safety called answer charges unfriendly freedom proved week christmas thompson learned group patriots coming evening tar feathers left wife baby daughter elderly father law face mob rode boston thompson continued spy british massachusetts brush committee public safety clever proved watched carefully lost advantage spy british army forced boston march thompson soon arrived london found employment expert revolutionary war equivalent kremlinologists governmental posts important inventions suspected slipping british naval intelligence french la case innumerable personal enemies felt obliged seek employment
system truly equilibrium pressure temperature concentration component required alter relative rates reactions small lightest weight tip balance mechanical equilibrium smallest change affect system chemical equilibrium term reversible applied situations fingertip touch halt falling boulder infinitesimal change pressure temperature concentration variable halt explosion spectacular reaction equilibrium reached chemical systems equilibrium processes irreversible summary equilibrium process reversible spontaneous process irreversible want calculate equilibrium conditions system chemical substances main reasons relative amounts reactants products equilibrium distance chemical situation equilibrium measure strong drive direction equilibrium object heated molecular motion increases heat fluid forced atoms friction expression motion molecules atoms move rapidly mechanical forces friction conclusions suggested experiments demonstrated mechanical equivalence heat palatable kinetic theory gases extension molecular theory liquids solids
behavior preceding sections represented phase diagram plot pressure versus temperature indicating conditions solid liquid gas thermodynamically stable form phases equilibrium phase diagram figure typical substances expand melting common behavior vapor pressure curve examining extends triple point solid liquid gas equilibrium critical point liquid gas equilibrium line liquid stable phase curve gas stable phase solid gas equilibrium curve origin figure triple point curve regarded indicating vapor pressure solid function temperature change sublimation temperature pressure straight line triple point marks conditions equilibrium solid liquid showing melting point pressure positive slope curves predictable le principle increase pressure favors dense phase molar volume liquid greater solid gas greater temperatures sublimation melting boiling tb increase pressure increases energy required bring molecules dense phase
chapter short introduction large field impossible small space give outline problem involved finding molecules react methods solving chemical kinetics presently developed structural chemistry problems basically difficult kinetics needs shred information structure found information starting point proposing mechanisms reaction designing experiments test essential question answered molecule react molecule study individual molecules forced large numbers molecules distribution energies unknown relative orientations molecules energy distribution avoided special reactions molecular beam methods orientation problem remains rate law rate expression appearance products necessarily agree expected number moles reactant equation agree suggestive evidence reaction proceeds step process written pitfalls hi reaction rate law equation agree suggests reaction proceeds series simpler steps steps slower kinetics reaction controlled rate determining step
elements specifically base metals gold medieval scientists search extraterrestrial generation half mystical theoretically attainable goal captures imagination professional fire symbol knowledge benefits hazards nuclear reactor genetic engineering laboratory today solved problem elements goal medieval chemistry alchemy indefinite prolongation youth subject intense research activity physicist chemist ultimately succeeded bringing element crucible gave nuclear power reactor attention focused immense quantities energy released nuclear reactions fact uranium barium light elements secondary interest chemists realize radioactive isotopes common elements uniquely valuable radioactive atom acts label tag added point reaction unravel complex skein chemical steps carbon isotope tracer studies responsible present understanding reactions place photosynthesis hard imagine information obtained isotopes radioactive stable enabled find answers chemical problems
calculations chemistry science matter involve numbers owe origin experimental measurement problem calculate volume gas weight pressure temperature data measured experimentally measurement error obviously error reflected calculated volume gas natural tendency play safe carry calculation greater number decimal points justified experimental accuracy answer misrepresent correct volume effort wasted arriving digits temptation carry digits stronger pocket calculator slide rule intrinsically limited precision scientist number including digits known certainty known digits doubtful constitute significant figures recording volume gas ml implies significant figures known certainty doubtful consider factors determine error measurement volume gas referred preceding paragraph error volume measured composite accuracy precision measurement accuracy concerns absolute truth measurement precision involves detail measurement
semi independent agencies institutions weakened absorbed apparatus organized competitive politics died birth spanish america british america grew quickly strongly simple explanation circumstances spanish america form part explanation circumstances contrast sharply conditions shaped development british american communities start crown ferdinand isabella instance actively directly asserted authority columbus discovery monarchy asserted rule lands conquered merely commercial regulation territorial government depth spanish monarchs declared america separate kingdom crown castile native peoples direct subjects crown governmental subordinate agencies crown declaration supported highest moral agency western papacy papal bulls assigned responsibility welfare natives meant primarily task converting christianity castilian monarch central christian responsibility jurists theologians developed massive body legal political theological commentary strongly reinforced justified claims spanish monarch personal rule america competing intellectual centers contrary ideas develop catholic church conservative doctrine royalist politics dominated intellectual latin america spanish america proving legitimate refuge religious dissenters british america developed tightly controlled bastion catholic orthodoxy spain dissenters heretics kinds barred law america
court system devised largely copied local court system england code laws agreed expressed english common law terms wilderness puritans devotion precepts bible despite involvements secular pursuits clearing wilderness organizing towns courts general government despite swift development coastal transatlantic commerce took place massachusetts remained bible commonwealth legal device secured puritan domination clergy control government clergy hold public office restriction colony electorate members church step result measure matter population towns change sources immigration shift large drift church central government colony continue represent primarily loyal original puritan purposes arrangement challenged expressed broad consensus founding generation opposition puritan establishment arise early challenged basic religious character puritan colony specific points doctrine flowed deficiency religious commitment excess opponents puritan regime anne hutchinson roger williams fanatical pursuit religious truth relentless theology single minded beliefs puritan leaders extremes issues leaders felt obliged delicate balance
key issues defined protest movement late sixteenth century broadest sense puritanism puritanism broadest sense includes wide range positions question church relation society established bay colony massachusetts puritans believed church membership limited elect god continued believe church reduced control society responsible creating conditions favorable search salvation denial responsibility everyday existed condition responsibility saints church saints active affairs unredeemed program effected matter endless discussion writing england america england congregational puritans energies absorbed struggle survival authoritarian church determined eliminate active dissent massachusetts connecticut puritans protected interference charters fully implications congregationalist position profoundly committed puritans full charge community massachusetts connecticut beliefs hinged identification visible invisible churches passage full church membership took significance england congregationalist puritans persecuted minority scramble part ordinary religious gain membership congregations fully committed utterly sincere wished join group embattled politically demanding practices
sugar act coinciding postwar depression created severe problems depended trade french spanish western indies paying duty foreign molasses colonists feared expensive import foreign sugar products northern rum industry ruined export trade fish foodstuffs caribbean curtailed america ability pay indirectly english imports endangered fears hostility trade regulations accompanying sugar act stirred opposition boycotts merchants northern ports provoked deliberately organized intercolonial protest assemblies colonies drew endorsed formal petitions pleading economic injury sugar act royal authorities england britain step greenville stamp tax excited protest firestorm swept colonies force amazed parliamentary tax justifiable posed distinct threat colonial legislatures liberties colonists americans longer opposition traditional channels remonstrance lobbying word reached america parliament passed stamp act considering colonial petitions colonists reacted angrily merchants principal ports formed protest associations pledged stop importing british goods order bring economic pressure british government newspapers pamphlets number appeared america carried articles seethed resentment yorker called designing invited despotism cross ocean fix abode happy land hastily convened meetings towns counties legislative assemblies colonists anger boiled fiery declarations
republicanism radical ideology comparable eighteenth century marxism nineteenth added moral utopian dimension political separation england dimension promised fundamental shift values change character american society republicanism intensified radicalism country ideology americans borrowed opposition groups english society linked older deeper european currents thought republican tradition reached commonwealth period seventeenth century england writings james harrington john milton sidney classical beginnings antiquity eighteenth century republican tradition kind counterculture dissatisfied europeans countless writings translations eighteenth century european english intellectuals evoked image earlier roman republican simple citizens enjoying liberty pastoral virtue viewed idealized ancient alternative sprawling monarchies hierarchies pervasive luxury corruption despise excitement revolutionary movement classical republican values merged existing image americans simple egalitarian liberty loving form coherent powerful ideologies western seen ambiguities americans felt rustic provincial character society clarified seen deficiencies american viewed advantages republican government independent american farmers owned land regarded primitive folk living edges european society backwaters history citizens naturally equipped realize republican values intellectuals espoused centuries
undeniably complicated mingled lofty visions astute backroom sophisticated loved place native virginia complex slaveholding aristocrat important apostle democratic idealism american history thomas jefferson narrow victory presidential election confirmed changing course national developments jefferson received seventy electoral votes sixty federalist candidate john adams opposed hamiltonians party moment close victory doubt constitution provide electors distinguish votes president vice president jefferson republican vice presidential candidate aaron burr received number electoral votes throwing election house representatives thirty deadlocked ballots hamilton federalist leaders preferring jefferson burr thinking assurances jefferson continue federalist policies allowed acknowledged republican leader president avoid repetition electoral impasse country adopted twelfth amendment constitution allowed electors designate president vice president separately ballots confused electoral circumstances difficult bold revolutionary character jefferson election popular elections modern history resulted peaceful transfer governmental power party outset jefferson struck note conciliation republicans federalists inaugural address federalists soon absorbed republican republican administration subsequently deviate strict republican principles
challenge west met simply building churches existed baldwin member yale missionary group arrived illinois horrified ignorance settlers vandalia capital baldwin discovered pupils sunday school class illiterate find literate adult half families visited region religion baldwin concluded headway education institutional rebuilding society appealing funds east expressed england ideal wish school house church side side land filled christian teachers preachers added significantly young short teaching purchase farm fill barns plenty hands things baldwin worked secure legislature charter colleges result labors baldwin young missionaries northwest dotted academies seminaries small denominational colleges easterners thought churches fixed institutions ordered society understand religious revivals effective instrument shaping controlling character frank emotionalism homespun informality western southern revivals disguised fact camp meetings soon stabilized rules regulations careful advance planning camp meetings means important tool revivals power movement flowed dynamic balance popular participation control leaders
happened england cotton textiles leading industrial innovation aided protective tariffs group wealthy boston merchants pooled capital extended waltham system large scale factory production manufacturing centers lowell chicopee massachusetts waltham system created england merchants war curtailed international trade exploited latest english artisans products compete successfully imported english textiles england manufacturers lower cost increase efficiency labor traditionally american manufacturers cut costs employing children families including children increased labor force increasing wages soon apparent children handle frequent breakdowns machinery conform regimen increased labor productivity late immigrants begun ease general shortage factory labor decades boston merchants relied unique expedient employing adult young women attracted factories chaperoned dormitories cultural amenities merchant manufacturers desired doubt sincerely avoid moral degradation stigmatized english factory system economy minded entrepreneurs hoped exert influence employees leisure preventing binges proclaimed holidays led irregular habits absenteeism preindustrial folk england farm girls hired half wages male factory hands secondary earners families factory virtually liberation farm cotton textile industry increased average annual output phenomenal rate percent
struggle contributed fatal split democratic party democratic party survived stormy period led sectional division largest protestant churches benevolent societies say collapse whigs party south disproportionate access national power access dependent winning support northern allies number allies began dwindle partly replaced southern whigs democratic party southern character fewer restraints attempts test party loyalty northern democrats adopt avowedly proslavery program constitution actually critical test imposed northern democrats test dred scott decision southerners dominated supreme court decided dred scott case resolve critical issues congress evaded court received case late delayed decision paramount issue congress constitutional prohibit slavery territory delegate territorial governments implied stephen douglas formula popular sovereignty recently disputed territories mexico utah kansas judicial cases involving exclusion slavery arisen previous suits freedom slaves lived masters temporary residents free states southern courts granted freedom slaves decisions depended complex technical issues involved law distinguished dred scott missouri slave sued freedom master army surgeon lived free illinois part wisconsin territory slavery federally prohibited missouri compromise
word nation easily american lips unlike predecessors generally avoided term lincoln regularly referred united states nation word fewer times gettysburg address eloquently concluding pledge nation god birth freedom republicans agreed establish weekly journal reflect views called matter course nation remained influential periodicals country sumner took lecture circuit supplement senatorial salary chose topic nation answer believed obvious americans throbbing common occupying common territory rejoicing common history sharing common trials local claim government permitted moment interfere supremacy nation concluded centralization highest civilization approaches nearest heavenly political theorists public postwar generation exalted american nationalism orestes brownson jacksonian spokesman published book length contribution bibliography american nationalism american republic constitution tendencies destiny nations individuals larger scale brownson argued treatise designed resolve identity crisis civil war persuading american nation reflect constitution separate existence individuality tendencies end soaring claims reverend elisha nation foundations civil order political united states
result popular belief untrammeled business opportunity national government frequently subsidized seldom regulated politicians businessmen alike predicted marvelous achievements industrial statesmanship left devices corporations wealthy ironmaster abram hewitt told chicago board trade friends american farseeing industrialists jefferson madison early republic sociologist william graham sumner defender american rugged individualism amended judgment slightly leaders development industrial organization need talents executive administrative skill power command courage fortitude called military affairs scarcely gilded age politicians deferred business leadership business values directive force government tended disappear misty hopes automatic prosperity steel manufacturer andrew carnegie explained terms social contract language business civilization instinctively understood mistake carnegie insisted american community shoot millionaires bees honey present conditions millionaire toils cheapest article community secures price pays shelter clothing food carnegie need worried open season american millionaires federal government reluctant assert control economy governments responded gradually piecemeal legislation job providing measure economic stability fell american businessmen blessed organizational talent energy american businessmen respond challenge disorder tended concentrate specific problems confronting businesses
uniform platform offered wide array reform proposals initiative referendum recall corporate regulation child labor laws tariff reform city manager plans zoning regulations immigration restriction prohibition priorities differed according region interest farmers fought hard regulation railroad rates problem industrial accidents southern progressives pushed tariff banking reforms disfranchised blacks settlement house workers grappled bosses control cities neglected problems small town businessman variety progressivism analyze movement patchwork interest groups occasionally agreed specific measures unable combine unified coherent program realized united states entering era economic political consolidation required techniques managing agreed flourishing national enterprise admitted wrong america saw mended authority government scientific efficiency spirit founding fathers nationalism admired progressive reformers despite differences thought architects stable social order based principles guided federalist ancestors experiments political techniques progressives innovators deeper level conservatives picked promise american eighteenth century forebears dropped creation strong national government capable harnessing directing energies citizens part progressives call power corrupt rulers invoke spirit jefferson heart program hamiltonian demand national leadership power government set priorities provide direction
worst riots occurred detroit primary center war production newcomers including blacks squeezed hot sunday june fight teenage whites blacks ignited days guerrilla warfare widespread looting twenty blacks whites killed hundreds wounded millions dollars property lost democrats openly worrying negro vote national election verify political wisdom democratic policies blacks discontented vote heavily democratic urban group wait depression roosevelt administration told black critics wait war told early war black leaders insisted reasons feel optimism mobilizing support war membership naacp rose growing number northern whites joined blacks fight equal rights alliance produced string laws york jersey massachusetts connecticut states prepared ground national campaign racial discrimination election returned republican majorities northern states previously democratic gave force argument naacp black votes critical difference closely balanced national election claimed fact black votes tip scales truman president muted issue civil rights term adlai stevenson democratic candidate spoke moderately subject truman
foreign domestic affairs linked abiding faith managers experts military expenditures dominated national budget size expenditures fluctuating percent government total costs crucial maintaining healthy economy directly indirectly military program financed research america important technological innovations giant corporations general electric general motors douglas aircraft portions military smaller companies government terminate big defense contract send shock waves large section economy undo government efforts sustain prosperity general popularized phrase americans describe arrangements president eisenhower unhappy accumulation power washington skeptical budget demands military devoted part farewell address january warn nation military industrial complex sixties americans picture military industrial complex diabolical force directing nation foreign policy actually government awarded military contracts piecemeal fashion rest benefits military industrial complex remained decentralized act concert sum influences profound past mobilizing nation war disrupted economy disarming nation peace threatened disrupt economy military industrial complex multinational corporations strengthened connection domestic economy affairs war subdivisions american corporations established abroad remained small dependent outposts parent companies war corporate expansion entered phase
issues revolved fretful circles question trust modern center constellation trust national government fall government coming noisy sequence early decade inevitably affected malaise seventies abe fortas associate justice supreme court president johnson final days tried earl warren replacement chief justice congressional inquiry revealed fortas profited unduly office public pressure forced resign court fortas judge otto kerner liberal democrat unusually high reputation integrity chaired important presidential advisory commission civil disorders found guilty accepting bribes governer illinois kerner directly place circuit court jail vice president agnew national champion law order favorite win republican nomination president early justice department reconstructed history secret payments engineering firms return government contracts making agnew rise maryland politics couriers sat vice president anteroom deliver cash frantic attempt save career vice president suddenly resigned october part bargain justice department agnew received light sentence income tax avoided penalties extortion bribery loss vice president stunning agnew prologue fell president nixon toppling june arrested democratic headquarters watergate apartments washington
excitement learning idea power insight sense majestic skyscraper prairie seen things sights impressive desire express surprise awe college week students discover entered high school heard lectures part discussions asked answered questions terms acculturation ethnocentrism reformation mitosis enter thoughts prospect exciting challenging learning responsibility qualms student master ideas taught show mastery class discussions papers examinations knowledge statements judged makes hesitant speaking class wonder outcome writing writing graded questions worry find difficult begin writing aim handbook give confidence pleasure writing showing communicate knowledge accordance standards college instructors start problem beginning professional writers begin thousand ways ideas sentence begin writing write disjointed paragraphs cutting pasting rearranging satisfied write rewrite sentence perfect write composition marking problems intend return later begin word fascinates writers begin outlines approach craft writing
principles concern type paper required length topic paper assigned sure understand asked especially important asked write essay question examination doubt question calls ask clarification theme assignment requires comprehend reading materials reading early discuss obscure points instructor members class talking subject generates critical thinking makes fluent writing word limits assigned indication approximate scale absolute restrictions instructor going count number words paper don waste ordinarily find real problem filling space keeping rough limits set teacher editor draft short look material padding courtesy audience present argument draft goes set limit cut topic trying compress pages principle depth information understanding major vague paragraphs errors logic incoherent papers failure topic topic likely understand basic interconnections plain reader connections conscious likely realize discussed adequate fullness suppose concerned importance conserving natural resources begin explore large subject tempted throw hands despair topics natural scenery agricultural lands grow food increasing millions limited supplies oil natural gas sources energy solar geothermal nuclear potential hazards advantages pollution air exhaust gases factories cars pollution rivers lakes industrial wastes sewage inadequate water supply urban areas necessity controlling population growth book short cover
sections chapter outlining discussion chapter paragraphing offer fullest treatment main body paper material comes introduction conclusion constitutes body argument general principles relevant remember space give idea important reader middle paper account points listed outline heading need require full paragraph development devote sentence specific heading depends judgement importance point commonly accepted judgements matters fact history stated briefly summarized stands controversial issues need support concrete evidence reasonable proof logically developed paragraph papers argue thesis analysis examples arrange evidence ascending order importance miss opportunity convince skeptical reader accumulation solid proof run risk jarring audience anticlimax reader alert varying length structure sentences paragraphs fasten paragraphs strong transitional sentences check transitions especially sentence opening paragraph transitions hold argument helping ensure persuasiveness paper sure paragraphs joined rest essay
pressure situations things going coming easily connections emerging topic deepening interest pen barely keeps thoughts times realize drifting getting topic tangent course try twist argument question distorts analysis topic principle cases stop original topic start attempt incomplete teachers prefer irrelevant answer crossed fresh beginning headed direction start outline thesis list items extent lost dilemma face times concerns examples kind discussed asked give examples selective exhaustive pick telling typical instance discussing huck finn essential decency humaneness couldn list cases full focus growing awareness cares jim resolve help jim escape point risks huck takes help girls examples interest huck shock feud pity tarred feathered duke king despite treachery case limit choices pointed evidence merely mentioning sentence show concrete development applies makes point fits terms question depth
sentence grammar series spoken written words forms grammatically complete expression single thought page unit discourse begins capital letter ends end punctuation mark spoken aloud sentence marked voice inflection pauses longest signals completion developed intuitive sense sentence hearing speaking writing reading lives english grammatical term names judicial pronouncement look word oxford english dictionary historian language find sentence words contracted centuries meaning meanings opinion thinking listed dictionary obsolete contemporary writers point latin origin word feel opinion perceive judge word sentence shares root sensation sense appropriately construction sentence simplest word kind requires sensing thinking perceiving judging sentences written vigilant observer courage judge passion declare confident declaration comes understanding english sentence works highly functional constructions sentence complicated times bewildering interesting varieties patterns possibilities analysis sentence structure begins classification words basis function sentence classification called parts speech term happily reminds grammar listening human voice parts speech
independent clause shaw compound sentence states subject predicate simply phrases functioning direct object verb women disguise exactly construction grammatical equals coordinate connected conjunction parallel construction parallelism shaw stylish sentence end independent clause semicolon simple balanced subtle duped disarmed intimidated form series clauses sentence parallel fashion active voice clause disguise balanced passive verbs duped disarmed intimidated voices perfectly clause passivity brisk sentence parallels direct objects verb adjective clause women infinitives govern free means series adjectives cunning attractive defines subject clause slave women parallels describes women sentence proud straightforward shaw ingeniously suggests inequality types women replacing connects set adjectives comma rhythm established sentence stride thick predecessor contrast slight alteration parallel structure manipulative women vigor women free
surprise woolf discovered assumption inferiority blinded professor anger women revealed anger coming terms feelings gained rhetorical advantage book subsequently wrote room exemplar modulated tone control feelings control responses writers adapt number audiences adjustments tone style explaining bridge small child don vocabulary structural engineer speaking stranger don slang obscenity familiar dialects close friends family members person sincerely trying communicate impress confound makes effort find language audience writing course assume instructed students instructor constitute audience teachers read student papers try exemplify informed questioning mind result university education audience mind remember represent geographic areas cultures aware provinces comparing provincial outlook help discover assumptions bring writing prejudices audience brings reading part task writers learning anticipate objections audience reading fiction watching play willingly suspend disbelief coleridge says reading exposition argument seldom fact tension generated unspoken objections contributes excitement discover expository discourse prove show insist conversation writers try imagine audience begin look incredulous skeptical
formal english appears scholarly scientific articles formal speeches official documents context calling scrupulous propriety makes words phrases scrupulous propriety speech seldom ordinary writing consider word scrutinize perfectly word knows entirely limited formal written english common apt give flavor ordinary writing speech try imagine handing friend piece writing request scrutinize formal english includes technical language specialized vocabularies professions law medicine science technical language precise economical greek ordinary reader place edited english general rule formal technical language wear clothes special occasions edited english written language books reputable publishers magazines newspapers defined merely choice words generally accepted conventions spelling punctuation grammatical patterns sentence structure section considering edited english primarily reflected choice words general purpose rules laid handbook enable write edited english normal means official communication professions upper levels business industry authorities admitted differ handbooks including deplore contact verb meaning touch theodore bernstein york times dislikes usage admits careful writer verb undoubtedly push standard usage recent editions leading dictionaries differ widely accepts usage label standard english gently americanism labels informal disapproves edited english
complex ways words denotations connotations denotations literal meanings instance stark body corpse denotation dead human connotations hand word overtones echoes emotional colorings associations speak going funeral home view corpse friend let body intimate connotations expressing sad acknowledgement care longer familiar features soon forever word context connotes commonly shared grief irrevocable reality contrast corpse connote coldly impersonal anonymous institutional police officially speak finding unknown corpse field medical students speak dissecting connotation word context instance compliment flatter denote action giving praise person note differences connotations compliment compliments context generous justified praise publicly freely compliment pass compliment performance occasionally suggest doubts sure deserved compliments don want compliment simply job cases context sure don want simply job makes uncertainty clear sure connotations apply flatter flattery connotes excess deception harmless speak photographer subjects innocent admitted smugness say flatter connotes gratifying vanity favor seeking forced choose called flatterer apple elect context apple polishing unmistakable blatant insincerity favor seeking obvious recipient slang powerfully connotative
research answers deepest needs thinking human beings hunger facts tell friend brother strangest experience week friend sure ask millions read daily newspaper learn events seen countries visit think read newspaper research gathering information tomorrow argument mayor latest conflict city council stock market response federal reserve bank policy research copy recipe food section read movie review glance want ads research texture lives want facts live recognize want information seen game movie read account review add evaluation judgments columnist play crisis game actor controlled exuberance agree disagree bar office classroom silent conversation sports page entertainment section private moments research social act writing papers based library research enables join dialogue thoughtful women sharing concerns agreeing disagreeing reflecting expanding statements look research paper drudgery ahead consider research assignment opportunity enter informed conversation result exciting memorable
collected information need arrived stage writing organizing jottings outline short theme remains report influence research thinking weave material discovered fabric thought cases agree authors read show views information support conclusions led change mind point researchers write comment card correspond note card reminding reasons taking note serving develop sentences essay practice guarantees paper mere splicing quotations contribution writer dialogue step convert tentative plan final outline expand cut reorganize outline represents finally want say outline detailed actually write paper sort notes putting relate subpoints outline bring notes explain justify give evidence points want find notes outline ask questions point important look material try write head simply omit point altogether re charge judgment
number footnotes paper prescribed hard fast rules quotations precis documented course titles books judgment give references important sources information especially controversial issues footnotes word paper justice sources footnotes page needlessly paper submitted publication editors prefer footnotes separate sheets end paper instructors prefer method term papers ask footnotes bottom page footnote separated line text triple spacing footnotes bibliography entries double spaced college papers arabic numerals symbols reference footnote text number footnotes consecutively paper text reference number slightly line immediately quotation sentence paragraph footnote refers footnote reference number slightly line information text paper need repeated footnote say angus wilson maintains footnote begin title book author footnote thought abbreviated sentence line indented spaces left hand margin word capitalized
experience say say depend part talking situation conversation held student complaining grade paper talk differently roommate instructor differences apply equally writing writer think reader beginning write concern affects choice subject organization kinds illustrations style view reader important thing consider prewriting need understand readers greatest trying persuade believe pay considerable attention need chapter persuasion moment concentrate finding answer questions reader going move reader want question attempts discover reader knowledge beliefs attitudes subject likely invites careful consideration kinds information appeals likely influential reader easiest illustrate kind analysis set directions consider telephone conversation woman town directions drive friend house holiday inn main street drive east main miles magnolia approach magnolia left big school sign reading central high school home mile later magnolia turn magnolia mile parkway shopping center intersection magnolia
source information writing problem blank mind infancy accumulated tremendous amount information places historical events country neighborhood sports politics hobbies subjects opinions subjects conversations parents friends teachers formed problem writing gather information select need memory selection guided sense purpose idea want develop understanding lead look kinds materials reject effect purpose principle selection suggests controls choices material suppose writer wants develop opinion blame happens blame needs illustrations blaming obvious source memory scans memory selects bits information quotation jack road main character says fault lousy fault don don want won letters abigail van buren writes syndicated column giving advice social domestic problems incident popular cartoon strip dennis menace responsibility muddy footprints tracked carpet
interpretation act giving meaning observations inferring judgment conclusion simple illustrate robinson crusoe desert island discovered print naked foot sand believed seeing footprint caused infer island reacted conclusion drawing conclusion person left footprint represented threat security crusoe find newcomer friend foe careful crusoe thinking stages observed marks sand interpreted human footprint inferred conclusion mean trouble observation conclusion sequence chain reasoning doctor diagnosing patient symptoms scientist conducting experiment bulb study lamp light simple situations crusoe mind leap observation conclusion instantaneously complex situations observation interpretation conclusion process standard responding information step method college courses observing interpreting information step concentrate individual details looking describe detail separately step try ways individual details related fit looking pattern step combine information comprehensive view subject illustrations show method operations suppose brought paper bag pieces jigsaw puzzle dumped contents desk give ten dollars put puzzle hour suppose accepted challenge
chapter concerned structure types sentences techniques increasing density sentences modification coordination subordination section deal practical problem revising sentences effective expressions ideas intended convey course writer revises sentences writing process shaping ideas sentences learning process writers sentence structure wording grope satisfactory statement ideas dealing sentences written trying improve revisions stress improve clarity emphasis economy variety writing difficulty seeing writing objectively reader suggest revising draft think editor expressing ideas examining writing improved section editing sentences detecting weaknesses removing experience gain practice easier edit sentences lack clarity result faulty grammar punctuation misleading pronoun reference vague ambiguous wording confusing sentence structure dealing sentence structure emphasize lack clarity occurs writer tries pack information sentence
think sentence inevitably concerned finding words convey thought especially clear want say words easily aware choosing times find scratching choice search word convey meaning want revisions necessarily sign indecision writers worry diction writers partly pains choose word words wrong dictionary word makes word effect sentence paragraph readers read isolated words read words context provided words context affects response word respond differently word disorderly describe mob describe house choice words account context selected word words context return subject appropriateness pages distinction kinds meaning familiar words things trees cars games stars oceans words things refer called denotations word chair commonly denotes piece furniture sitting denotation detroit city words acquire connotations denotations connotations attitudes associate words call action courageous foolhardy describing expressing inviting reader share attitude connotations called implicit meanings contrasted explicit meanings denotations imply suggest attitudes outright
mean diction choice words communicate meaning readers choice reference sentence reason dictionary give word dictionary tell meanings word generally decide meanings meets needs background decision consider qualities account appropriateness specificity imagery words suited writer purpose includes writer analysis situation audience writing intended imagine doctor explaining patient damage heart attack doctor reporting subject medical convention subject situation audience affect content manner language speaker differences audience situation affect treatment subject include choices diction discuss differences chapter limit effect writer choice words major choices writer formal situation social situations clothes choose wear depend occasion formal gown conspicuously inappropriate classroom jeans shirt formal dance thing true diction words situations show distinction considering types words learned popular colloquial slang english languages part total vocabulary consists words common speech educated uneducated speakers alike words basic elements language indispensable everyday communication means widely backgrounds able speak common language called popular words belong populace
common type reasoning search results want cigarettes lung cancer want malnutrition decay cities decay teeth equally interested effects effect alcohol formation unborn infants sulphur lead atmosphere mercury oil spills raw sewage rivers sea staying late night examination casual reasoning effect effect reason want find reason effect effect reason lights refrigerator won relate effect lights power relate effect refrigerator working kind reasoning called short effect effect common reason extensive chain casual relations lights reason causal chain lights power refrigerator working temperature rise milk sour words diagnose succession effects power failure classified sufficient contributory present effect occur combustion drive gasoline engine sufficient produce effect unaided sufficient effect dead battery car starting faulty spark plugs empty gas tank effect contributory helps produce effect running red light help accident factors pedestrians cars intersection present
essay examination practical composition assignments asking compose paragraphs answer specific question calls skills composition course tries develop tests ability read carefully write purposefully rigidly limited instructors complain students write worst essay examinations course pressure examination encourages stylistic polish chief weakness examination answers unpolished awkward composed students plan want say develop intention adequate answer begin write clear purpose assume writing answering question result answer irrelevant unclear contradictory chapter attempts improve quality essay answers applying principles purposeful writing discussed earlier chapters book course teach subject matter weaknesses examination papers caused ignorance subject matter carelessness haste panic recommendations sections follow help avoid weaknesses beginning answer part examination read question carefully asks question answer point shows detailed knowledge subject written begin write ask question require notice especially asks explain summarize discuss evaluate compare key words essay question asked evaluate paragraph poem summary explanation paragraph paraphrase poem satisfy requirements asked compare characters play description character develop comparison presumably wording question carefully thought expected follow directions implies begin write clear idea kind answer asked
critical essay attempts analyze interpret evaluate subject word critical context mean fault finding greek root means separate discern choose critical essay chiefly exercise analysis interpretation evaluation deal subject worthy study book film television program painting building political social movement favorite subject critical essays english class literature chapter limited subject procedure critical essay similar papers discover purpose prewriting select organize develop material show reader means respond involve persuasion concern trustworthiness logical argument learned chapter chief difference kind paper writing depend reading stage prewriting critical essay careful repeated reading short story play poem writing depends sound knowledge prewriting efficient look reading begin examining basic elements concerned reading literature situation character plot dramatic conflict theme structure symbol irony point view voice elements important combination want emphasize part decision real subject illustrate elements short story ralph ellison king game chief source supplement references works
research studies reading divided stages introductory intensive introductory reading background needed order begin investigation intelligently intensive reading information paper written function introductory reading understood clear note taking stage profitable information obtained reading going paper reading quickly early accumulation miscellaneous notes actually confusing student notes aspect chosen subject likely harder deciding phase sources introductory reading general works articles encyclopedias chapters textbooks histories biographical references specialized dictionaries set answer question english spelling illogical begin checking table contents histories english language brook history english language find fifteen page chapter spelling excellent introduction investigation think mythology begin checking list page textbook skim volume works cited bergen evans edith hamilton bogged introductory reading stage gathering information paper reconnoitering general subject find area specialization introductory reading suggest books articles look promising study feel confident phase general subject interests begin prepare bibliography sense term college bibliography list books articles publications chapter distinguish working bibliography final
begin intensive reading begin taking notes results preliminary reading carried head beginning collect actual evidence paper written important success rest form content notes satisfactory notes written cards notebooks practice note cards notebooks grown experience thousands research workers notes flexible shuffle suit order finally decide discard useless notes easily notes written solid notebook conveniently arranged edited fixed order source order suits final purpose entirely recording information notebook inefficient matter easy glance note card notes card inseparably bound free shuffle notes discard useless add supplementary satisfactory method separate card leave space top card write subject heading group cards develop outline subject headings changed organization develops wise enter pencil note card kinds information clear reference exact source note quotation fact opinion noted cards author title facts publication note card needs surname author page number provide clear reference exception short form occurs bibliography authors surname books author
form business letter standardized letters chapter illustrate common block style arrangement called lines parts letter indented versions block arrangement parts start flush left margin style shown usual letters typewritten return address business letter typically consists parts model page shows convenience study letter discussion follows parts numbered part omitted course stationery printed letterhead letterhead return address form block heading open punctuation block heading lines indented line begins flush preceding open punctuation marks ends lines elements lines separated accordance usual conventions letter abbreviation form approved postal service shown page date line directly return address heading order date month punctuation shown model month comma heading lines flush left margin follows form established heading abbreviations terms abbreviated letterheads companies addressed individual addressed salutation takes forms dear ms miss blank dear sir madam colon form dear sirs seldom modern business letters informal salutations dear bob acceptable writing friend
paid attention maps united states weather reports television news shows maps end national borders north south united states country looks giant island set lands side country borders countries regions lie boundaries countries neighbors north south america visited blank empty spaces top bottom television weather map book neighbors learn northern country canada lands south latin america finished reading book learning canada latin america class spaces side country longer empty lands history neighbor countries important learn looking maps maps show things earth earth scientists study land soils water air maps help find study features earth surface mountains rivers seas kinds plants earth scientists maps show dangers volcanoes earthquakes find valuable minerals oil gold social scientists maps show live maps social scientists show languages spoken religions practiced show crops grown sizes farms locations roads
important divide parts units units hours days months chapter learn units tell based periodic motions earth moon periodic means repeating periodic motions movements earth heavenly bodies repeat regular times movements linked system meridians parallels learned chapter link geography explore chapter based periodic motion earth called rotation earth turns rotates gigantic top axis rotation imaginary rod earth turns passes center earth ends north south poles complete rotation earth axis takes hours system earth rotates west east motion makes sun moving sky opposite direction east west course sun moving sky looks earth earth shaped giant ball half lighted half darkness earth rotates part dark gradually lighted sun part daylight slowly dark west east rotation earth makes sun rise east set west
talk climates describe according temperature precipitation climate northern mexico dry arid word arid describe place rain climate deserts lands northern canada cold places cold frigid climates case climate named thing important terms ways earn living terms comfort survival temperatures change latitude general warm equator cold north south poles divided kinds climates based temperature differences refer map read climate divisions area warm climates equator called tropics area called low latitudes equator low number part warm cold season winter temperatures change month month say night winter tropics mean coolest temperatures tropics night sun goes happens climate zones countries latin america tropics side tropics middle latitude lands warm summer season cold winter areas northern hemisphere southern hemisphere called temperate zones
american colonists held meeting called continental congress colonies south canada georgia representatives continental congress quebec nova scotia invited send representatives meeting held colonists talk complaints british rule thing decided stop trading england buy english goods ship goods england stopping trade trade embargo nations trade embargoes show disapproval nation actions try force change actions continental congress major step road revolutionary war failing send representatives congress quebec nova scotia begun separate british colonies north america british north america divided parts northern part stayed loyal england eventually canada southern part broke england united states american revolution affected canada united states revolutionary armies invaded canada captured important towns quebec threatened capture st lawrence valley turned british canadian forces armed invasion short peaceful invasion greater effect canada migration moving canada american colonists remained loyal england called loyalists forced flee homes revolutionary war chose leave war ended
levesque promised hold election wanted quebec independent surprise levesque favored separation nearly percent voted quebec canada election quebec ended threat separation problems led calling election remain problems dealt canadian government moves separation twentieth century canada gradually moved greater independence england progress took place canada signed independent treaty nation canadians permission british sign treaty british parliament passed statute westminster passing law parliament canada countries british commonwealth nations equal partners england commonwealth set early group countries territories ruled england ruled england statute westminster allowed countries choose wanted members commonwealth stated british government laws england commonwealth countries commonwealth exists members include canada australia zealand india countries commonwealth share ideas things education food production health government leaders commonwealth countries meet discuss matters trade countries commonwealth countries
leave highway visit small town quebec town farms green fields summer high places woods woods scattered fields herds cattle flocks sheep pastures tell nearing town church steeple rises distant trees church built style cathedrals france smaller located center town pass cure priest front house nuns convent schools boys girls run church main street general store sells things needs groceries hardware group sitting front store playing checkers close town hall fire station side road leading town row houses houses french canadians built close road close small front lawns larger towns shopkeepers live stores want visit farm modern change place recently french canadian farmer called word comes colonial times show tractor electric milking machine barn silo storing feed
columbus sailed america vikings vinland viking settlements america died voyages columbus led permanent colonization discovery important columbus remembered famous explorers history dared sail unknown seas known columbus early born italian city genoa young columbus left home sailor eventually portugal lived portugal important center navigation exploration columbus portugal read books maps find navigation exploration books led columbus believe round sail west europe reach asia course continents north south america columbus tried find give money ships prove theory sailing west find asia queen isabella spain finally gave columbus ships needed famous voyage let isabella willing help columbus rulers portugal controlled ocean africa let foreign ships believed short portuguese sailor find africa asia vasco da portuguese explorer sail southern end africa asia spain find asia
woman spanish america spanish creole women allowed things married enter convent dedicate lives thoughtful prayer women supposed jobs spend homes busy household cooking taking care children women interested national international affairs expected think matters place woman curious bored staying home wanted write paint learn profession law medicine things thought business woman spain accept traditional role sister juana de la cruz born wealthy family mexico city expected behave women families juana juana learned read taught latin teenager tried scientific experiments family kitchen learn chemicals astonished viceroy court young girl talked things science philosophy grown women supposed interested grew juana wrote poetry poet spain women writers spanish language writer language
francisco miranda began revolution spain south america miranda born spanish parents caracas venezuela served officer spanish army united states met revolutionary leaders began think freeing spanish colonies miranda england later spent europe served general french revolution miranda tried invade venezuela small army support forced flee england later napoleon deposed spanish king venezuelans willing think rebelling spain miranda called lead revolutionary army miranda followers declared venezuela independence spain spanish army fought hard miranda feared major defeat surrendered army tried escape captured spanish prison died miranda captured place revolutionary leader simon bolivar bolivar famous leader fight latin american independence bolivar born rich venezuelan creole family parents died young bolivar raised uncle spain lived married daughter spanish nobleman took wife venezuela bolivar wife died married wife died bolivar tried forget sorrow returning europe
juanito lives family small farm san pablo highlands guatemala father jorge owns acres ha land land divided fields part san pablo jorge spend lot going field farm jorge family lives small house fields house tile roof walls adobe blocks covered white plaster adobe blocks mixing clay straw shaping mixture blocks letting dry sun house room chiefly sleeping beds family sleeps mats earth floor juanito mother cooking kitchen small separate building cane thatched roof electricity cooks wood charcoal open fire running water farm juanito jobs help carry water spring half mile km house juanito brothers sisters help carry water chores juanito grandmother married uncles families live piece land live room houses cluster jorge field uncles small pieces land san pablo jorge juanito age let tell school school quit
islands west indies divided types continental islands volcanic islands limestone islands greater trinidad continental islands part kinds rock formations mountains valleys plains mainland north south america cuba largest island west indies continental island area square miles sq km size country honduras pennsylvania cuba flat land fewer mountains continental island west indies farmland island west indies hispaniola continental island highest mountains caribbean dominican republic feet high eastern end hispaniola broad flat valleys mountain ranges valleys hold farms dominican republic haiti western end hispaniola rugged mountainous farmland haiti jamaica puerto rico narrow plains coasts plains rise mountainous spines center islands trinidad smallest continental island square miles sq km area slightly smaller delaware trinidad low range mountains north continuation south american andes rest trinidad low hills plains small islands west indies volcanic islands limestone islands kinds islands volcanic islands tops volcanoes stick surface sea
learned chapter crops bananas coffee important economy country area single crop important area sugarcane west indies part sugar brought european colonists caribbean sugar planters brought asian workers trinidad africans slaves west indies sugar production reached peak haiti jamaica islands lesser sugarcane grown plantations owned european families plantation managed hired overseer overseer person took care running plantation plantation purpose grow sugarcane profit smaller islands land needed grow sugarcane set grow food food imported cheaply grown american revolution active trade food lumber supplies britain colonies north american mainland west indies plantations haiti jamaica provision grounds slaves provision grounds areas slaves grow food food crops grown provision grounds mix asian african plants yams plantains american plants corn squash manioc papaya green vegetable yams sweet potatoes plantains bananas large yellow fruit today farmers west indies grow crops ways ancestors
earlier read capital brazil moved interior country wondered brazil want move capital beautiful cities rio de isolated spot central west answer question brazilians wanted settle develop interior country hoped capital draw crowded coast empty interior brasilia government center national capital important symbol brasilia location design chosen inspiration brazilian words president brasilia built brasilia project inheritance leave born city large areas set foreign embassies homes government officials representatives foreign governments block block large apartment buildings thousands middle class government office workers beautiful office buildings branches government homes thousands city gardeners janitors construction workers fill hundred jobs large city going result large settlements grown federal district city brasilia federal district population central west small building brasilia lead growth cities area poor soil farmers area
brazil largest city rio de bay foot mountains setting beautiful city rio justly famed beauty beaches parks buildings visitors enjoy beaches famous ride cable car top hill rio landmark sugar loaf city restaurants stores surprising rio brazil main tourist attraction event rio famous carnival days february business city comes halt celebrate approach lent dancers parade streets fantastic costumes parades evening morning rio noted found tourist guides city settlements called brazil found scattered city edges latin american cities steep slopes hills city population million southeast largest city capital minas gerais important center iron steel textiles food processing largest city brazil recife salvador northeast large factories southeast important agricultural area sao paulo produces percent brazil coffee
south brazil important farming areas temperate climates soils produce wheat potatoes fruit grapes wine crops grow tropical parts brazil cattle grazed pampas southern rio grande south region rapid change beginning share brazil industrial growth main city porto million largest hydroelectric project dam parana river nearly finished complete produce nearly percent power largest hydroelectric project border parana paraguay joint project brazil neighbor brazil working paraguay ways port parana free port goods free port tariffs paid paraguay trade passes making brazil busiest port santos brazil government set country major industrial power progress brazil latin america largest producer iron steel largest manufacturer ships place major producers brazil trouble reaching goal country energy supplies brazil oil reserves small brazil oil bahia recently government owned oil company discovered offshore oil fields atlantic ocean half oil country produces comes fields brazilians import thirds oil
learn places earth country parts ways learning earth look window earth school top mountain earth space earth half earth true answer earth shape earth ball look ball notice half ball played miniature racing cars toy trucks dolls models real things look real things important difference models smaller model airplane photograph top page look real airplane shown important model globe words heavy type glossary starts page glossary words pronounced globe model earth picture bottom left shows earth space globe bottom shows half earth things learn globe direction look picture globe shown page find north pole north pole special place
section map school school part community community place live play communities places rivers river body water moving sea lake sea large body salt water community shown map page lake lake body fresh water land find lake lake body land water call body land island map shows mountains mountain land rises high land look key find symbol mountains communities homes stores places worship buildings cities towns communities cities larger towns community city town cities towns communities larger town city special city leaders laws plans city called capital capital states country states large alaska texas california largest states states small rhode island delaware connecticut smallest states find states map pages put finger
order help find places maps mapmakers lines latitude learned line called equator equator halfway north pole south pole special line latitude numbered latitude lines measure distances north south equator distance measured degrees symbol degrees look map left city minneapolis minnesota located degrees north latitude st augustine florida located degrees north latitude addition equator lines latitude named arctic circle antarctic circle arctic circle north pole antarctic circle south pole coldest parts earth arctic circle north pole antarctic circle south pole named lines latitude equator tropic cancer tropic capricorn area lines called tropics warmest parts earth tropics hot parts tropics hot cold place depends lot latitude farther north place equator colder closer place equator hotter lines kind drawn maps help find places lines longitude look hand map page longitude lines drawn north pole south pole
days later bill received package mail package como full material companies morristown bill found big companies morristown small companies places business learn decided chart show largest companies area bill showed companies bill chart joe shelly told mrs reilly wanted learn lot company mrs reilly asked company wanted study shelly answered yes saw books company located morris township think silver burdett company fun books mrs reilly called silver burdett company talked miss teffeau editor helps write books miss teffeau happy shelly joe visit miss teffeau waiting arrived want tell company books books schools country countries mrs reilly told print books books printed companies states print books building editor miss teffeau explained authors authors write books mapmakers photographers pictures
allen cheryl diane barbara decided find places fun morristown area barbara want learn community parks playgrounds diane let ask mrs reilly look information mrs reilly told girls neighbor mrs garcia mrs garcia helps plan parks maybe visit telephone tonight girls wanted tape recorder record talk mrs garcia thing learn run tape machine list questions ask mrs garcia interview wanted ask questions mrs garcia give interesting answers days later diane barbara visited mrs garcia talk girls wrote answers questions part interview parks playgrounds town plans community nearby areas want spend special group plan parks met month plan bicycle path path miles run stream things parks lewis morris park swimming picnics play softball hiking trails fireplaces cookouts park horseback riding snows cross country skiing parks ice skate enjoy parks parks grow
chapter learned city large community today live play cities lived cities ago moved place place search food hunted animals gathered plants eat learned grow plants learned raise animals food farmers began stay place care plants animals started farming found produce food eat happened able stop farming started kinds making pottery bowls dishes weaving cloth began live communities communities grew small cities community grew size named tenochtitlan built hundreds ago aztec indians aztecs lived country mexico tenochtitlan built island middle lake lake valley valley lowland hills mountains valley mexico high mountains indians settled area lake water rich farmland map page shows valley mexico island tenochtitlan built aztecs connected island land making causeways causeways bridges land tenochtitlan grew larger live
large heavy products moved water largest cities busy ports ports places products loaded unloaded ships look map united states pages notice large cities found oceans lakes rivers think transportation water think huge ships sail seas kinds ships cargo ships carry products cargo products packed giant sized boxes called containers containers unloaded huge cranes machines lift containers ship ground ground containers loaded trucks stores kind ship tanker tankers huge tanks carry oil kinds liquid pumps pipes unload ships learned transportation cities cities cities place place ways walk ride subway subway train runs ground ride car truck ride bus taxicab taxicab car hire pay taxi driver want ride bicycles busy city streets cities changing place cities grow move cities homes buildings built roads built help travel places community cities changed ways things
read chapter interesting places visit things cities living towns enjoy things visit parks museums play baseball ride bicycles nearby city spend shopping seeing circus humble ride horses horses stables stable barns horses live barns workers stables feed care horses owners horses stables ride horses fields ride horses salt grass trail ride trail ride trip horseback planned route salt grass trail ride riders texas states riders mexico canada riders meet sunday cat spring texas travel center houston distance miles km takes riders days ride horses salt grass trail ride trail rides place exciting houston livestock show rodeo read livestock show rodeo chapter trail rides comes houston direction trail boss salt grass trail ride named gene beckendorff important job choose campsites places riders camp spend night sure plenty food
gasoline product oil need oil wisely afford waste valuable natural resource waste soon run oil help solve problem communities country looking ways save gas morristown jersey interested solving problem mrs reilly students talked ways save gasoline seen higher prices gasoline seen lines cars gas stations seen stations run gas sell things help save gasoline mom dad talking gas costs trying drive thing told drive store want trying shopping trip joyce family shopping trip friday night mom dad gave map morristown gave list places needed saturday sat planned trip travel shortest route need things store ride bikes father bought bike rides office town parents commute ways saving gas travel father works york city drive takes train says train costs money
coal important fuels fuel burned heat power running machines coal found continent found states united states map page shows location coalfields united states deposits coal turn page look bar graphs coal production graph shows coal production nation leading coal producing country coal produce bar graph shows coal production united states leading states produces coal graph kentucky largest coal producing find kentucky map map shows lot coal mined eastern western parts number coal mining towns kentucky place hazard community southeastern part hazard located edge appalachian mountains grew coal area today products hazard known coal mining community find hazard map pages hazard coal mines mining companies coal located deep ground mines deep earth miners travel mine shaft elevator elevator called cage miners wear special shoes caps helmets helmets shoes hard strong
oceans lakes rivers valuable resources kinds seafood eat seafood communities began fishing communities harbors harbor protected body water helps fishing boats safe storms fishing important communities coasts earn living fishing morning boats fishing grounds night harbor catches fish plenty fish sell fishing boats travel ocean ocean deep boats large stay sea weeks big nets catch kinds fish kind fishing lobster fishing eat lobster meat grocery store fish market seen glass tank filled water sea animals animals dark green dark blue color hard shell big claws called lobsters caught ocean coast maine find maine map pages lobsters caught traps called pots trap wood pieces fish put trap trap rope tied trap put water rocks put trap sink bottom ocean end rope tied small block painted wood wood floats float called shows lobster pot
conservation idea ago president theodore roosevelt interested conservation young sick boy spent doors walked forests full wild flowers plants tall trees watched birds wild animals learned names saw lived learned animals need plants food doors teddy roosevelt body stronger taught things nature learned care land president roosevelt wanted protect america natural resources talked members congress need conservation congress group picked laws united states laws rules obey president congress millions acres beautiful forest lands national forests national forest belongs country buy harm land rangers care national forests rangers government decide trees cut left standing oversee planting trees rangers guard forest fires fire start quickly put theodore roosevelt president land national forests national parks americans remember president helped understand important natural resources care today showing care earth cities atlanta georgia pittsburgh pennsylvania worked air cleaner worked hard clean polluted waters hudson river york lake erie
visited museum kinds museums learn sports space travel art asia baseball clocks gold miners museums find information subjects museum places learn word means place muses muses greek goddesses art knowledge greeks ago believed art field knowledge goddess muses poetry music history astronomy study stars planets words heavy type glossary end book place muses set art knowledge museums today museums egypt city alexandria built greek king ruled egypt ago king ptolemy forget pronounce spelled king museum differed museums today place teach visitors place scholars artists lived museum wrote books discussed plants planets meeting rooms shaded walks gardens talk important museum library king ptolemy later rulers power books library bought books lands days printing machines
coin shown left page date lifelike head side image king ptolemy king ptolemy established museum alexandria sure words side coin read ptolemy king rulers put images coins lifetime thought impressed greatness ptolemy coin ruled egypt nearly ago idea coin age trouble knowing age modern coins dates date penny quarter tells issued pay attention dates coin collectors dates things newspapers magazines dates date letters write school reports books dates turn title page book find date side buildings courthouses churches dates report cards dates think things classroom things home dates date fairly exact idea idea statements dates say columbus arrived america ago give event date statement exact date columbus landing exactly october dating event means giving happened
picture opposite page shows left city nippur mound crumbling brick modern building stands top built ago scholars searching ruins ruins nippur left city began ago thousands lived gleaming temple stood brick platform crumbling mound desert place gardens green fields barley wheat left ruins southern iraq country southwest asia happened bring change thing river changed course today ancient times iraq desert watered rivers tigris euphrates flow mountains highlands turkey iraq persian gulf find rivers map page waters euphrates ran alongside walls nippur nippur built canals river city small boats dock inside walls canals carried water irrigate fields walls today euphrates miles remains nippur bake desert sun euphrates river change course springtime floods rush highlands euphrates washes tons soil flat river plain river flows flatlands water moves slowly soil water called silt settles bottom riverbed gradually fills stream flows plain cutting channels
roman republic affair voice citizens part government women citizens share government slaves rome women citizens allowed part government classes citizens ancient rome upperclass called patricians common called plebeians patricians plebeians took part assembly elected consuls patricians fewer number controlled assembly patricians served consuls members council elders romans called council senate body older plebeians won greater voice roman republic government rome republic larger greek cities number free cities clusters called tribes italy greece city laws defend disputes neighboring cities led wars romans warlike neighbors success result city tiber rule land rome brought central italy peninsula rule conquest italy end rome disputes neighbors neighbor carthage city north africa find carthage map page carthage rich trading city grown powerful sea carthaginians control western mediterranean intended
soviet union communist country sure countries close borders europe communist governments countries known eastern europe read communist countries eastern europe later unit book european countries remained free soviet power located western part continent eastern europe mean communist lands non communist countries known western europe non communist european countries located western part continent greece considered part western europe geographically greece located southeastern europe chapter non communist european lands generally called western europe europe large peninsula smaller peninsulas remember peninsula piece land extending water larger body land europe peninsula larger landmass eurasia clearly look physical map eurasia atlas pages sailed black sea southeastern europe barents sea northern europe sail sides europe look map europe page smaller peninsulas larger european peninsula balkan peninsula lies black adriatic seas greece located tip balkan peninsula notice adriatic sea aegean sea part larger mediterranean sea west adriatic boot shaped peninsula italy italy narrow major city miles km sea
group england tried find lived group consisted adults children live forest completely set rest country planned live ancient britons lived ago group started simple tools kinds animals ancestors took dogs cows pigs goats sheep chickens bees built kind shelter round single room house mud thatch hut chimney smoke escaped hole roof britons raised kinds crops raised hunted rabbits squirrels killed farm animals needed preserved meat exposing smoke modern britons clipped wool sheep found hard clean wool modern chemicals clothing wool greasy fact modern britons generally found hard clean especially muddy winter clocks watches bed sun rose set ate meals food ready eaten clock hands pointed numbers important difference village scattered forest ago week television crew film experiment reason project
travelers delay train reached lake baikal stop summertime wait boat ferry train cars miles km lake winter lake froze tracks laid ice delay dangerous put heavy engine car ice horses pulled cars locomotive took train rest continent later wait lake baikal loop tracks built south end lake soviet union began build railroad siberia north lake baikal route goes area rich copper coal iron natural gas petroleum soviet union produces petroleum country northern route cold winters thirds track built permafrost creates problems picture page thawing freezing soil permafrost ground heave shift rails pushed pulled line journey russian empire captain cochrane met peoples nations nationalities russians ruled reaching empire towns outposts posts siberia russians officials soldiers empire peoples adopted russian ways living lived towns learned russian language religion held fast ways spoke languages religions
industries soviet union consumer goods products clothing housewares factories moscow leningrad automobiles chemicals electronic equipment processed food textiles consumer goods moscow leningrad oldest largest industrial centers country factories built smaller cities industrial centers centers nearer supplies coal oil manufacturing port cities fish packing factories soviet union largest producer fish resources belong government government owns controls main industries law soviet union strike industries owned government government officials decide need produced officials set prices wages soviet union cold dry farmland soviet union leading crop producer cropland steppe tenth total country farmed soviet soil generally fertile united states farmland soviet union short growing season arctic circle kinds large farms owned farms average acres ha collective farms tenth size government owns farms runs government factories hundreds families farms farmers paid wages farm goal amount crops grow government owns crops ships cities areas
saint stephen crown united states close war ii soviet army took hungary rest eastern europe set communist governments hungarian keepers crown want fall hands communists smuggled country asked american army hungarian united states government agreed hold crown put safest place underground vault fort knox united states government stores gold early period hungarian communist government revolt broke soviet army moved hungary support government hungarians lost lives fled country communists remained power hungary king communists government asking crown saint stephen returned wanted crown symbol country returned hundreds thousands hungarians viewed holy crown saint stephen hungarian love honor things remind country past hungary agricultural country war ii hungarian plain makes country farmland danube flows center plain hungary farms important farms run collectives chief crops wheat rye sugar beets corn potatoes paprika red spice favored hungarian cooks paprika dishes including famous americans call hungarian goulash
iran ruled shah shah word king shah sold concessions money british company paid shah open bank iran british company bought oil concession gave company look oil iran oil found shah receive money sale oil selling concessions money shah put businesses iran hands countries british foreigners interest iran russians fishing concession caspian sea lands central asia part iran british feared russians iran russian colony russians feared british iran british colony actually iran colony russians british troops iran war iran neutral war weak government shah stop british russians sending troops country weakness led revolution shah revolution led iranian army general named khan khan wanted country modern nation set republic shah general khan crowned shah shah iran ataturk turkey built railroads started modern industries wear western dress family names
africans kinds land ways africans grown crops livestock hunted gathered food groups bushmen southern africa learned live places starve bushmen live kalahari desert country botswana today cattle ranchers past bushmen lived hunting gathering food kalahari areas desert grass bushes trees find eat dry season bushmen look poisoned arrows hunt antelopes desert animals meat main food bushmen ate plants women gathered end short rainy season picked small juicy melons grow wild bushmen ate melons roasted ate seed meat boil juices melons women gathered small wild cucumbers rains later searched sour red berries grew bushes dry season bushmen depended eating roots knew vines stored water thick roots eating roots provided food water bushmen moving search food soon roots melons place bushmen built cities permanent homes knowledge skill land survive soils rain forest rich soils
kinds plants animals africa today million ago ago fossils fossils stone remains plant animal fossil piece bone tooth impression leaf piece coal fossils eastern africa found country called tanzania ago volcano erupted scattered thin layer ashes plain tanzania rain moistened ash layer animals walking left tracks dog leaves wet concrete sidewalk layer ashes hardened covered ashes dirt group led dr mary leakey fossils plain dug upper layers dirt rock discovered hardened tracks creatures walked damp ashes ago found tracks elephants giraffes hares gazelles guinea fowls ostriches creatures found eastern africa found tracks animals longer exist saber toothed cats exciting discoveries footprints looked small human dr leakey group uncovered footprints found teeth pieces skull jawbone dr leakey believes bones remains footprints ago discovering remains africa past dr mary leakey
mao tung leader china chairman leader chinese communist party pictures homes schools factories outsides buildings mao writings called greatest truth known mao tung died leaders control government believed mao mistakes took pictures leaders told portraits quotations poems chairman mao public places taiwan smaller population republic china taiwan small compared rest china population density taiwan greater republic nationalists taiwan government limited amount land person land limit sell government government sold land farmers land nationalists plan created small farms worked owners amount food grown taiwan doubled crowded taiwan farm land wasn farmland factories industries chinese taiwan built factories turn sorts manufactured goods shoes clothing television sets products portugal united kingdom small territories china portugal macao british hong kong macao hong kong crowded population density hong kong highest
france ruled vietnam war ii japan occupied country war japan lost war french returned vietnam vietnamese want return french rule communist leader named ho chi minh led war throw french rule french fought control vietnam finally french defeated vietnam divided communists ruled northern part country government opposed communism ruled south hanoi capital north vietnam saigon capital south vietnam dividing vietnam bring peace war broke vietnams united states helped south vietnam united states soldiers fighting vietnam united states forces war continued communists took control vietnam hanoi country capital saigon renamed ho chi city honor communist leader lands called french indochina separate countries vietnam laos kampuchea communist governments war vietnam damage cost lives population lands grew larger population vietnam doubled countries farmers main crop rice valley delta mekong river richest land asia find mekong map page country mekong delta burma controlled british independent country rangoon burma capital chief port kingdom thailand known siam
australians live cities country farms ranches provide australia important exports wool wheat meat australia crops vary part continent crops fruits raised southeast grown western europe northeastern coast tropical crops sugarcane pineapples raised australia highly developed industrialized country country developed mines factories australians automobiles tractors machinery kinds products australia mineral wealth gold discovered country important export largest lead mine australia country vast deposits silver copper zinc australia leads production bauxite aluminum country ranks mining iron ore australia oldest members commonwealth nations country british ruler appoints governor general represent british australia country divided states territories states island tasmania country capital canberra located territories australian parliament makes country laws chooses prime minister leader country parliament divided houses called house representatives called senate members houses elected zealand united kingdom zealand called british commonwealth countries settlers zealand british isles
live earth earth home pictures show part home earth home earth land water earth large kinds plants animals live earth kinds live kinds land live flat land called plains trees plains land farming live hilly land hills higher plains trees grow sides hills live mountains mountains big hills rise high land snow covers tops highest mountains live oceans oceans large bodies water fish ocean swim ocean live rivers river body water flows land big river mississippi river live lakes lake body water land fun sailing rowing boats lakes live land water land called island point island picture live peninsula peninsula land water nearly part larger body land trace peninsula finger picture shows parts earth point drawing picture page airplane shows earth looks air
north pole special place northern place earth north direction north pole put finger north pole south pole special place southern place earth south direction south pole put finger south pole south pole opposite north pole north pole south pole explorers find places pictures page show reached north pole south pole today explore north south poles snowmobiles dog teams travel ice snow ship called icebreaker breaks ice opens path ships north south directions directions east west find east west globe sun rise east set west face north east west left east west opposite map shows earth land earth divided continents continent large body land continents find continent map map shows oceans earth map continent north america united states country north america live united states find map mexico south united states country north america
deafening cheering bird gracefully lifted sky rocket belching lower end soared thin clouds began vapor trail disappeared space history lucian warren reporter launching commander alan shepard american penetrate outer space historic chapter continuing history country book dedicated helping understand history chosen astronauts united states space program close members large family trained ate slept lived roof died accident cape canaveral january astronauts rocketed space john glenn later senator ohio orbit circle earth successful orbit flight took place february flight lasted hours minutes seconds blast landing glenn space capsule reached height miles km speed approximately miles km hour astronauts reached heights equal greater glenn dozen thrill walking moon astronaut set foot moon neil armstrong moon astronauts unusual experience glance united states united states astronauts country ways
christopher columbus lost chance richest lands led named amerigo vespucci skillful navigator born florence italy took part spanish portuguese voyages letters writings claimed member expedition discovered mainland continent martin waldseemuller german geographer mapmaker published amerigo vespucci accounts accounts waldseemuller printed pages maps america spread page maps showed discoveries waldseemuller called fourth continent suggesting named amerigo vespucci discovered agreed waldseemuller discovery book waldseemuller maps popular habit calling america columbus remembered number ways lands discovered republic colombia south america named twenty united states counties towns cities named columbus columbia district columbia site nation capital mighty columbia river drains part pacific northwest united states celebrates amerigo vespucci states columbus legal holiday christopher columbus forgotten european discoverer america
part statement massachusetts true later england colonies grew puritan leaders capable brilliant narrow minded unwilling admit ideas roger williams educated puritan minister massachusetts soon began disagree puritan ministers williams believed puritan church leaders control massachusetts government wanted separate church argued free worship felt indians paid land puritans settled roger williams expressed views openly sermons preached plymouth salem general court massachusetts ordered leave colony aid friendly indians southward dense forests shores narragansett bay williams built settlement called providence settlement grew colony rhode island settlements narragansett bay offered refuge persons disagreeing church leaders massachusetts anne hutchinson highly intelligent spirited woman married william hutchinson twelve children born england born family moved massachusetts anne hutchinson deep interest religion interest eventually led move rhode island home begun hold religious meetings popular attended discussed puritan church leaders taught ordered leave massachusetts
burgoyne surrender turning point war independence hard ahead american spirits rose victory capture major british army americans chance win mind french government decided help openly american struggle british france secretly helping americans money supplies french government refused openly join united states fighting british news burgoyne surrender saratoga months later france united states signed treaty alliance spain pledged support american struggle independence holland joined growing list britain enemies wars cost money americans trouble financing struggle independence congress powerless tax states individuals states voluntarily furnished small amount money pay war congress issue paper money borrow robert morris served american superintendent finance lent part fortune money needed haym salomon immigrant poland lent money congress ruined financially loans gifts countries part aid americans received war france gave financial help ways america fight independence war france britain nations fought parts britain giving entire attention putting american colonial rebellion addition france furnished united states tons equipment thousands soldiers help large naval fleet
famous patriotic symbols united states liberty bell known called house bell superintendents house province pennsylvania ordered england bell cast biblical quotation crown proclaim liberty land inhabitants thereof bell hung steeple house philadelphia bell cracked rung repaired tone restored british occupied philadelphia house bell bells hastily moved fear british melt making cannons house bell hidden floor church allentown pennsylvania british left philadelphia bell returned house rung july anniversary adoption declaration independence called independence bell revolution recalled quotation bell supporters movement free slaves quickly realized significance quotation proclaim liberty land called house bell liberty bell bell cracked rung funeral john marshall chief justice united states liberty bell display philadelphia historic area treasured symbol country independence
president washington declared american neutrality french british conflict caused trouble united states british war vessels seized sank american merchant ships suspected trading france british impressed american sailors took sailors american ships forced serve british ships late british held western forts trading posts american soil washington john jay york britain try arrange solutions problems jay earlier chief justice united states regarded unimportant office resigned jay succeeded coming agreement british known jay treaty britain agreed move forts trading posts america western lands jay able solve problems caused trouble united states britain jay treaty britain interference american shipping trade terms agreed favor britain democratic republicans federalists unhappy jay treaty president washington pleased thought united states war presented senate approval constitution required ratification senate turned fight political parties finally senate ratified jay treaty president washington signed split democratic republicans federalists widened jay treaty thomas pinckney federalist spain try problems spain united states
moses austin idea american colony texas banker lead mine owner missouri received permission spanish government bring americans texas moses austin died settlers son stephen austin led development american settlement brazos river mexico won independence spain texas part northern mexican stephen austin americans texas mexican authorities land bought texas cents acre cheaper government land united states land watered plenty timber brazos river gave access gulf mexico landowner wrote soil rich weeds grow feet tall americans texas small farms brought slaves spite mexican laws slavery americans texas outnumbered mexicans living mexican government alarmed forbade americans settle texas land grants cancelled americans texas started talking making territory country separate mexico stephen austin thought capital mexico city protest policies mexican government thrown jail held months mexican authorities charged secretly working annexation texas united states early general antonio lopez de santa anna established dictator mexico
title harriet beecher stowe influential main characters uncle tom uncle tom lives slave cabin wife aunt kentucky plantation shelby plantation owner kind sell slaves deep debt orleans slave dealer named haley buys uncle tom wants buy harry clever son eliza shelby slaves eliza takes harry escapes floating ice ohio river helped flight north white conductors underground railroad eliza husband slave kentucky plantation joins wife son canada meantime uncle tom sold falls hands simon cruel master mississippi plantation end uncle tom dies beating ordered simon read southerners claimed presented false picture slavery northerners mrs stowe information slavery saw dramatized versions uncle tom cabin read oddly play presented called tom companies popular slavery ended names characters uncle tom cabin stereotypes stereotype mental picture group exaggerated based emotion boss showed feeling employees called simon black refused protest ill treatment discrimination whites risked called uncle tom fellow blacks
president johnson advised confererate sates reject fourteenth amendment opposed section barring southern officeholders holding office part rebellion johnson asked south look experienced leadership johnson held southern states restored union accepting lincoln johnson plan summer tennessee ratified fourteenth amendment returned union states confederacy refused radical republicans declared southern states needed treated harshly reason congressional elections contest johnson easy reconstruction program radical republicans hard plan president johnson fought control reconstruction process august speaking tour north taunted president spoke angrily hotheaded johnson responded tactless remarks badly misjudged public opinion northern voters congressional elections republicans led radicals firmly control congress reconstruction process northern voters thought course large number thought confederate states punished brought costly bloody war felt blacks deserved rights white persons radical republican program guarantee equal treatment northern industrialists feared southern congress repeal economic benefits favored republicans northern businessmen saw chance control south natural resources supporting hard reconstruction program republican believed stay power supported radical program
main source population america growing cities europe immigrants europe farms villages swelling population american cities million irish arrived fleeing terrible potato famine harsh british rule altogether million irish united states million immigrants germany quarters million england scotland wales thousands arrived france netherlands scandinavian countries skilled workers tailors carpenters weavers found demand services cities settled immigrants farming america promised plentiful land farming thousands farmers majority immigrants wound cities poor buy farm find quickly cities unskilled sell muscle power took pay offered wave immigration civil war taste million immigrants entered united states europe asia countries americas part period immigrants countries northern western europe earlier immigrants beginning large numbers began arrive eastern southern europe included russia poland austria hungary italy greece romania
read textbooks find helpful notes material writing important information shortened form helps ways think facts important important helps remember read helps review quickly read include notes leave simple rule help judgment mind purpose reading look paragraph theodore roosevelt colorful personality brought deal newspaper coverage rough rider hat large gleaming teeth familiar millions newspaper photographs political cartoons roosevelt skillfully press coverage win support proposals congress act occurred leaders congress blocking roosevelt bill federal inspection meat roosevelt report unsanitary conditions meat packing plants gave part newspaper read outraged roosevelt warned congressmen blocking bill congress act publish rest report shocking public warned blame congressmen opposed leaders dropped opposition federal meat inspection act passed interesting roosevelt wore cowboy hats large gleaming teeth purpose reading paragraph information report clothes presidents wear dental features presidents facts want notes
ten days explosion assistant secretary navy theodore roosevelt cable commodore george dewey full coal instructed roosevelt event declaration war spain duty spanish squadron leave asiatic coast prepare offensive operations philippine islands mckinley longer resist public pressure action april laid question congress week later congress passed resolution recognized cuban independence allowed president armed force spanish leave island part resolution known teller amendment america seek cuba spain replied declaring war united states april congress declared war spain dewey steamed hong kong harbor bound manila bay war pacific quickly weeks dewey smashing victory filipinos led emilio rose spanish rule earlier put revolt rebels declared independence set government won victories spanish rebels controlled land surrounded spanish forces manila american troops arrived americans joined siege manila surrendered august united states forces captured spanish controlled islands wake guam pacific american navy equally successful atlantic end spain atlantic fleet sailed harbor santiago main spanish military post cuba
president lyndon johnson ran full term overwhelmed republican opponent senator barry goldwater arizona million votes carried states addition getting kennedy proposals enacted lyndon johnson put program opportunity move rich society society johnson society cared aged underprivileged broadened opportunities promoted racial justice achieving goals call greatly increased role federal government part society program lyndon johnson called war poverty congress provided money local communities provide relief jobs poor set food stamp program needy families started job corps help workers train jobs high school students find summer created head start program preschool children program volunteers service america vista kind peace corps home enlisted volunteers help poor areas improve living conditions programs helped low income tenants rent payments built public housing important parts society medicare aid education medicare provided health care aged social security system program aid education schools received large amounts federal money addition cities received help improving public transportation rebuilding neighborhoods states received money help build hospitals deal important laws passed short
middle east continued threat peace egyptian president gamal abdel nasser calling arabs wage holy war israel fighting broke june israel victorious war egypt jordan syria israeli forces captured sinai peninsula gaza strip egypt drove syrians golan heights gained control west bank jordan river despite cease fire real peace sight late arab states rearmed soviet union chief supplier weapons united states provided israel jet planes weapons nixon president united states tried improve relations arab nations supporting israel nixon administration follow handed policy israel arabs favoring nixon reasons policy hoped american influence prevent war danger superpowers drawn fighting reason arab countries supplied western nations united states oil important assure supply continue large investment american oil companies region protected october jewish holy yom kippur egypt syria suddenly attacked israel arms supplied soviets able drive israelis suffered heavy losses weapons emergency shipment arms united states helped israelis turn tide battle
parts united states faced problems israel egypt peace middle east remained danger spot central america poverty rebellions dictatorships caused troubles communists tried advantage president reagan believed soviet union trouble office america russia moved farther reagan ended carter ban grain sales soviet union discouraged sale goods united states allies europe claimed goods strengthening soviets military abilities president succeeded limiting american trade european countries events poland contributed worsening relations russia polish workers started labor union called solidarity solidarity won popular support championed greater freedom polish alarmed challenges communist government russia leaders warned polish government didn put stop solidarity december polish government declared martial law rule military army put solidarity force jailed leaders united states led western nations denouncing action showed real attitude communists freedom speech later reagan called soviet union evil empire soviet leaders replied charges united states atmosphere progress agreement limit arms race impossible president urging congress approved funds start building kind missile
prewriting getting ideas ideas write ways look closely notice looks smells sounds tastes feels write noticed read poem story write makes think feel ask explain write say ways idea write idea need start writing suppose idea start write yes soon write ideas writing getting ideas don worry spelling neat written ideas stop written draft write remember purpose audience read written ways think left want words changing writing called revising publishing sharing written ways share read report aloud mail letter friend put poem bulletin board want read writing polite look spelling errors mistakes called proofreading fix mistakes give reader neat correct copy read puppies pebbles planets things pair alike ways lesson practice finding differences write paragraph share findings classmates
hidden patterns beautiful designs nature find making rubbings leaves seashells pieces driftwood tree bark nature rubbings practice making rubbings coin flat piece wood place paper coin piece wood crayon pencil rub point watch lines bumps forming design practice making rubbings leaf place leaf paper sure face side leaf vein side place paper leaf rub gently crayon soft lead pencil watch design class collection rubbings group according type place rubbings scrapbook call book nature secrets common words sum product special meanings mathematics addition common words mathematics words important meanings words mathematics try dictionary find meaning words mathematics write definition words dictionary thesaurus listed alphabetical order mathematicians put letters alphabet kind order break codes letters listed frequency distribution means letter letter try find letters frequently english chart column letter look paragraph book tally mark letter
prewriting getting exploring ideas getting ideas easy feel saying don write don worry writers feel ways ideas notice thing looks smells sounds tastes feels read poem story jot thoughts talk information topic idea surprising part idea need start writing true write start writing start writing small idea ideas soon start write remember thinking helps write writing helps think ideas paper don worry neatness spelling don worry putting ideas order writing ideas coming written want say stop written draft vision means seeing revision means seeing revising taking look written trying eyes person read adding changing clearer rewriting improve publishing sharing written mail letter place story class library put poem bulletin board read report aloud courteous reader publish proofread written fix errors correct copy
scientists compare things describe alike classify plants animals writers describe things alike thought anthill small city clouds look castles writers comparisons lesson look things think alike write comparison paragraph describe likenesses later share paragraph classmates practice steps writing process look flower butterfly ways alike discuss ideas classmates read list likenesses think likenesses think select topic suggestions compare space earth compare large small compare pet wild animal compare things choose write pairs things compare decide pair interesting fun chosen topic form mental picture things chosen compare real pictures list likenesses write ideas reminds hard start writing paragraph list likenesses say form topic sentence paragraph begin question noticed flowers butterflies begin statement dog wolf ways
happens write goes write story report thought think discuss classmates try describe happens write writes differently general writers follow steps writing process description writing process begins page read think describe happens write prewriting getting exploring ideas difficult course wanted say don write don worry writers feel techniques getting ideas notice look smell sound taste feel read book jot reactions interview subject activity provide idea surprise idea need start writing true write start writing start writing small idea ideas soon start write remember thinking helps write writing helps think writer hint write helps things writing tell story persuade opinion read write reader age younger adult knowing purpose audience helps write effectively ideas paper don worry neatness spelling don worry putting ideas order
differences important think differences contrasts choose similar things contrasts help decide buy sneakers running shoes join soccer team basketball team hamster gerbil pet finding differences important school subjects science asked tell reptiles amphibians social studies asked contrast forest regions plains regions making contrasts sharpen thinking skills powers observation lesson opportunity sharpen write paragraph contrast share classmates paragraph tell similar things things write brainstorming classmates think topics purpose brainstorming lot thoughts flowing group tries give ideas quickly stopping think ideas suggestion discussed judged stop flow ideas brainstorm pairs things write things belong category look examples page finished brainstorming think pairs suggested choose pair topic brainstorming think differences things chosen think differences write differences chart notes topic
word dictionary calendar build class word power choose school month pick chosen calendar dictionary page display page show date dictionary entry original sentence dictionary word try choose word think classmates able check word teacher read word posted try word speaking writing classifying part thinking classify organize put things belong classify put words alphabetical order classify group details belong paragraph classifying important social studies study nations find classified groups classifying nations shown classifying groups nations according located try groups classify nations listed write groups sheet paper list nations belong group atlas encyclopedia need help teachers concerned helping students think spend explaining classifications students pretend grade teacher want explain classifications city country class prepare oral explanation help class understand classifications point city country
postage stamp honors important event thing person called commemorative stamp design commemorative stamp illustrates remarkable accomplishment achieved achieve bright colors bold outlines sharp contrasts drawing stand sure include price stamp include label help explain illustration passing beam light prism scientist sir isaac newton created band colors called spectrum explain colors relate newton invented color wheel painted basic colors spectrum wheel shaded colors met center wheel shows equal parts opposite colors green red form black unequal parts opposite colors darken wheel shows colors side wheel form colors blend yellow blue makes green try experiment color mixing paints primary colors red blue yellow create shade maroon write explanatory paragraph step step instructions recreating shade weather forecasters meteorologists study weather inform public expected communicate information telephone look number weather forecast service telephone directory call listen carefully forecaster forecast tell class
sentence word special job words show action words words describe stand words connect vehicles classified according job english words put classifications moving street trucks taxis buses limousines private cars performing special kind transportation working sentence nouns pronouns adjectives verbs adverbs conjunctions prepositions interjections kinds words performs special kind communication job job classifications called parts speech asked tell part speech word tell classifications belongs telling part speech word difficult read understand entire sentence study chart page examples kind word pages lesson entitled thesaurus tell thesaurus important writing pages find thesaurus developed especially english book apply learn grammar usage writing special exercises called thesaurus require parts speech writing thesaurus book help write sentences paragraphs
english language words heard words continually enter language words meanings words exist easy organize identify according job sentence word fit classifications classifying jobs doctors car mechanics grow food words sentences perform jobs words show action words groups words connect words perform jobs create meaningful communication job classifications nouns pronouns adjectives verbs adverbs conjunctions prepositions interjections called parts speech chart page examples parts speech study chapters think part speech job let speaker writer pages lesson entitled thesaurus lesson explains thesaurus important writing thesaurus pages developed especially english book thesaurus help write sentences paragraphs special exercises book require thesaurus thesaurus vocabulary improve
looked map page map special kind drawing map shows earth part earth looks maps help find place think ways maps help map symbols stand real things places earth surface place map symbols explained called key drawing photograph page map area shown photograph find building photograph look map key find symbol show buildings find buildings map habit map key area photograph feet feet width course draw map large draw maps scale played dolls model trains model airplanes idea scale dolls played smaller real models built smaller real trains real airplanes model airplanes built scale means built foot model real airplane times foot feet look key map page find numbered line called scale scale map shows inch map stands feet earth
maps provide wealth information map shows location largest cities added sets lines map let help find heavy dark line running left center map line called equator divides earth half find north pole south pole equator halfway lines run map called lines latitude equator north pole called lines north latitude equator south pole called lines south latitude line latitude numbered equator numbered lines latitude measure distances north south equator distances measured degrees symbol degrees lines easy tell place equator suppose asked describe exactly york city say north america exact north america large piece land latitude tell exactly find york city say located north latitude run finger north latitude line madrid peking located north latitude point need set lines shown map lines run north pole south pole
special kind drawing diagram diagram meant show exactly thing looks meant explain thing works happens diagram explains things earth sun thing diagram shows earth moves path sun takes earth days journey diagram earth shown places path diagram shows night earth moves sun earth turning axis hours earth axis imaginary line running earth north pole south pole earth turns side earth sun side earth sun night diagram shows seasons spring summer fall winter look carefully diagram earth note tilted axis side diagram position earth december follow arrows sun earth sun rays striking straight equator earth tilt southern hemisphere closer sun southern hemisphere receiving heat northern hemisphere southern hemisphere receiving heat summer winter northern hemisphere receiving heat
ago puerto rico covered thick tropical forests lived island population began grow cleared forest farms timber buildings forests covered island destroyed cutting forests created problem rains hard times puerto rico streams water run hills mountain slopes trees soil place water washes soil called erosion soil washed land growing crops stop erosion government millions trees planted roots grow absorb water hold soil place slowed erosion stopping erosion easy takes raise forest puerto rico crowded island million live today spanish background african mixed backgrounds spanish language puerto rico puerto ricans living working land small plots farmed hand tools raise farm families poor population grew harder farmland living government set bring industries puerto rico farmers taught land sugarcane important crop puerto rico
soviet union farmlands lie south forest belt soil raising crops european part country grassy plains called steppes north black sea region named ukraine black soil found crops grow late summer fields ripening wheat stretch eye crops include sugar beets potatoes cattle hogs raised small belt farmland south forests asiatic part country large wheat fields places east ural mountains crops grow north growing season short rainfall lands east caspian sea parts siberia planting harvesting soviet union united states farmers tractors reapers farm machinery soviet farms united states american farmers land buildings machinery decide crops plant fields crop harvest sell whomever wish money earn spend fit things farmers soviet union government owns farms owns trucks tractors farm machinery government tells farm workers plant takes crops soviet farmers paid money
rivers amazon basin small villages soil crops villagers raise vegetables fish rivers forest collect nuts hunt animals skins animals valuable days village load small boats vegetables nuts skins things nearby city manaus sell boats gather place riverbank floating market knows indians live forest guess indians scattered tell indians today live lived related live form group known clan clan lies separate village huts wood forest materials warm forest indians wear clothing morning leave village hunt food game fruit need food look colorful feathers decorate women stay home care family cook small gardens grow beans corn tropical plant called cassava root plant pudding flour bread eaten tapioca pudding cassava roots seasons indians leave gardens start heavy rains wash topsoil
sahara live edges desert oases live midst desert roam place called nomads nomads live small family groups group includes children parents grandparents aunts uncles cousins nomads raise sheep goats camels donkeys animals water drink plants graze plants water found places times short nomads moving nomads live tents skins goats animals desert wear loose cotton robes clothing protects hot sun windblown sand main foods nomads milk camels goats drunk goat milk nomads butcher animals meat nomads move load belongings camels donkeys travel miles grazing grounds stop water oases money things buy nomads sell animal skins milk cheese children nomads school help tend herds sheep goats busiest place small desert oasis wells water supply village houses close built concrete dried mud thick walls room door small window houses built heat sand
toast roll breakfast morning form bread bread flour flour wheat cereals wheat wheat bread cereals grown plains central part united states wheat grown earth plains supply wheat united states countries plains center country called breadbasket foods breakfast plains corn muffin cereal corn corn grown plains farmers raise hogs animals bacon sausages plains learned chapter level lands stretch miles plains moisture plains rain grass grows high crops grow patches trees drier plains grass short trees found riverbanks planted fields break sweep wind big areas plains united states middle country appalachian rocky mountains area plains atlantic ocean gulf mexico chapter learn plains central part country indians live central plains ago settlers east started moving plains appalachian mountains lands atlantic coast
loss crop bad drought damage learned earlier strong winds sweep plains ground dry winds blow topsoil topsoil soil surface field topsoil food plants topsoil plants grow grandparents remember terrible drought young lived plains surely remember drought lasted strong winds filled air dust fields flying dust hid sun farms destroyed places plains look deserts farm families left homes moved states stop wind blowing turn rain droughts dust storms threat plains steps prevent erosion roots plants help soil place places trees planted break force wind dams built ponds dug water collected fields droughts farmers plow fields ways save moisture grazing lands overused grass roots help soil place kind farm found kansas cattle ranch cattle ranches central kansas grass grows tall farther west shortgrass region plains large ranches thousands beef cattle ago kansas famous cattle drives times cowhands herded huge numbers cattle overland texas
plain learned continent asia learn plain continent africa country called kenya turn map page find kenya map ocean coast kenya important line latitude crosses kenya kenya equator expect hot kenya hot surprise find snow round part tropical country place snow found top high mountain named mount kenya thousand feet land rises elevation temperature drops mount kenya feet high temperature peak colder sea level kenya ship land coastal plain mombasa find mombasa map kenya page port city harbors africa find coastal plain hot humid pleasant sandy beaches cooled breezes indian ocean coconut palm trees shelter hot sun coastal plain plains kenya plains cover thirds country top plateaus plains let compare kenya plains north china plain
climbed mountain camped mountain slope fished mountain stream mountains things mountains places recreation recreation fun climb top high steep mountains easy climb highest peaks dangerous stay lower parts mountains forests cover sides mountains hot summer weather cool shady mountain forest weather stay tents cabins mountains hear birds singing wild animals deer rabbits squirrels mountains winter ski mountain slopes skiing fun slide downhill skis person practice skiing mountain slope control skis tumble break leg arm mountains recreation valuable reasons mountain forests supply lumber melting snow high mountains waters crops fields foot mountains swift running mountain streams provide power making electricity mountains storehouses important minerals mountains affect lives ways mountains big wall travel side easy mountains towns cities grow mountains affect weather rainfall temperature opposite sides mountain
live colorado live plains east rocky mountains greatest number live denver denver mountains located high plains high elevation sea level nickname mile high city cities include fort collins boulder greeley colorado springs pueblo cities plains close rocky mountains longer rush colorado look gold silver mining important activity oil natural gas found plains colorado plateau colorado deal shale kind rock shale oil shale crushed heated oil costs lot oil wells run dry ahead oil shale colorado minerals big amounts coal lead copper gold silver mined hear metal called molybdenum added iron steel hard largest molybdenum mine climax early mining days colorado chose raise cattle sheep sold milk meat miners farming ranching carried grazing lands sides rocky mountains colorado leading cattle sheep raising colorado farmers raise crops wheat farming important plains corn raised
let begin study united states imagining family planning trip going need order plans want re going suppose parents going yellowstone national park live park learned national parks school yellowstone parents telling begin telling northern hemisphere key pronunciation page hemisphere half earth surface words heavy type glossary pages northern hemisphere includes surface earth lies north pole equator north pole northern place north direction north pole north pole opposite end earth south pole south pole southern place south direction south pole halfway north pole south pole line called equator equator circles earth mapmakers line divide earth northern hemisphere southern hemisphere learn equator later look maps top page maps show northern hemisphere southern hemisphere find yellowstone national park northern hemisphere divide earth halves divided western hemisphere eastern hemisphere
history happen history story history story leaders george washington story inventors thomas edison story freedom workers martin luther king jr story brave amelia earhart history known vote making history votes decide lead country large numbers move place history happened ago united states moved west events happen tell family history telling family tell country history telling events happen team wins game event event happen course events happen events happen say events history happen suppose wanted watch favorite television show night parents watch show homework parents happen sure homework homework event event happen watch television event event leads events connected events events happen think event caused happen course takes things happen
native americans americans spread north south america look map page find place narrow stretch water separates continent asia north america small body water called bering strait strait narrow waterway connects large bodies water thousands thousands ago bering strait dry land americans crossed asia america narrow strip land asia hunters needed animals food needed animal skins clothes needed bones animals spears asian hunters depended animals order live likely herds animals asia narrow land bridge bering strait discovered america walking sure ago happened proof human beings lived north america ago say americans arrived ago course early arrive small groups asian hunters america period hundreds earliest americans stay place live hunting animals moved hunters follow animals scarce hunters moved looking supplies group large
britain colonies ended war french indians result war france driven north america britain rule canada lands belonged france brought peace american colonies colonists longer fear attacks canada americans happy part britain dozen later fighting british independence freedom britain rule war called war independence american revolution revolutionary war revolution type government thinking replaces chapter learn american revolution brought british lawmaking body called parliament colonists members british parliament started passing laws tax colonies britain thought colonists pay share cost french indian war taxes help pay keeping british soldiers america soldiers serve borders colonies protect settlers indian attacks fair british colonies share costs put taxes legal papers everyday items glass paint tea colonists upset taxes colonial assemblies voted welcome parliament tax laws motto taxation representation buy british colonial assemblies collect taxes excitement caused groups called sons liberty destroyed tax collectors homes drove tax town
thomas jefferson sense words wise abigail adams felt rule unite mighty empire officers light horse harry lee war peace hearts countrymen phillis wheatley poet wrote thy valour thy virtues hear tongue thy guardian aid implore statements george washington loved respected washington trusted admired choice honor president united states washington want president wanted live beautiful home mount vernon put love country ahead wishes april inauguration young nation president inauguration ceremony puts office washington traveled mount vernon york city coach horseback york city nation capital city town cheer wish parades fireworks dinners balls huge crowd inauguration watched washington place left hand open bible raise hand oath office oath promise oath president takes written constitution washington promised protect defend constitution ended oath words help god presidents added words
english invention steam engine helped improve american transportation united states john fitch demonstrated steam powered boat america robert fulton ship clermont steamboat provide regular service steamboats seen mississippi river twenty later goods shipped river steamboat englishman put steam engine locomotive locomotive pulled train track idea united states peter cooper early locomotive tom thumb ran famous race horse cooper challenged stagecoach owner faster tom thumb won engine problem locomotives united states beaten horse impressed railroad grew rapidly miles km railroad tracks linked parts east mississippi river effects improvements transportation amazing trip york chicago took weeks trip took days areas west opened travel areas easier trade flowed quickly cheaply factories east farms west towns started trading routes midwest improved transportation helped nation grow prosper united states changing early farmers city dweller farmers
americans earn living kind nation farmers centuries country history americans lived farms americans living farm united states today biggest producers farm goods farmers grow revolution farming machinery science civil war farmers hand labor machinery widespread farm machinery reaper read chapter began farmhands armies civil war farmers grow feed large armies citizens home farm machinery threshers binders rotary plows disc harrows widely later combined harvester thresher combine replaced separate machines reaper harvester thresher farm machines pulled horses later pulled tractors powered gasoline engines science helped farmers grow larger crops read chapter congress set land grant colleges help farmers scientists agricultural colleges experimented find ways farm teachers colleges taught methods farming congress set bureau agriculture department agriculture carried scientific research improve farming department spread knowledge farmers civil war small farmers south farmers north west subsistence farmers
americans want enter war united states supply deal war materials allies war avoided december president franklin roosevelt called date live infamy japan hoping gain control pacific ocean surprise attack united states forces pearl harbor hawaii december congress declared war united states industry rose challenges wartime production enormous number planes tanks ships produced country large amount war materials short united states lucky outstanding military leaders dwight eisenhower douglas macarthur chester eisenhower led allied troops victory europe brilliant plan called island hopping led victory pacific macarthur commander allied forces southern pacific charge naval marine forces million american women served armed forces war ii million killed wounded missing action allies fought boldly bravely axis powers defeated war ended europe spring franklin roosevelt died suddenly weeks european victory hitler killed captured task roosevelt vice president harry truman end war pacific japanese refused agree surrender harry truman difficult decisions leader history united states help scientists escaped hitler germany developed terrible weapon destruction atomic bomb
newspaper headlines read millions fortunes lost overnight lose homes live piano crates junked cars thousands americans starving period wealth united states entering depression depression depression spending money income money earned money spent borrowed money banks repay took savings banks soon banks close money banks closed money buy things businesses sell goods close businesses closed lost jobs american workers lost job poor farming methods dry weather turned farmland plains dust find plains map page thousands farming families forced move dust bowl area called depression thousands left money homes food country bad shape brother spare dime popular song american hoped leadership solve terrible problem franklin delano roosevelt elected president franklin delano roosevelt called fdr newspaper roosevelt born wealthy family york distant cousin theodore roosevelt shortly graduation law school fdr involved politics
maple oak beech broadleaf trees give england resource lumber paper autumn leaves trees change green bright red yellow orange colors brilliant foliage attracts tourists plan fall trips wooded hills valleys full color england winter brings visitors winter sports especially skiing mountains vermont ski areas winters plenty snow nature provide snow machines put tourist attraction seacoast maine coast dotted small islands brunswick hampshire bays promontories rugged rocky coast enjoy acadia national park mount desert island northeast bay million visitors enjoy fishing boating watching sea southeastern maine orchard beach portland sandy beaches northern england attracts tourists coast mentioned earlier nation famous landscape features cape cod massachusetts cape cod shape hook body water hook cape cod bay mayflower anchored cape cod bay pilgrims explored coastline place settle cape cod national tourist attraction crowded visitors summer months return cape cod type attraction found england restored village
commerce means buying selling goods cities important commercial shipping centers goods parts united states pass busy ports table lists largest ports middle atlantic region shows tons cargo goods loaded unloaded busy docks port york busiest port middle atlantic region busiest port country york populated city united states million homes city millions live york metropolitan area area includes smaller cities towns york city look map page find cities newark elizabeth paterson jersey city jersey city yonkers york cities connecticut york jersey part york metropolitan area room map show smaller towns cities york city thousands communities travel city jobs york important business banking trading manufacturing centers largest industries manufacturing clothing publishing books wearing york city schoolbooks dutch settled amsterdam york welcomed millions americans
florida largest population southeastern states sixth largest population states fastest growing states united states florida live cities west virginia smallest population southeastern states half live cities table shows population southeastern number cities populations percent population living urban areas southeastern cities populations memphis tennessee jacksonville florida largest cities united states southeast large cities today manufacturing moved southeast industries developed manufacturing cities grown industries cities developed trade centers goods produced industry sold goods shipped places port cities increased size increase tourism brought growth kind city resort city course cities trade center resort port miami started resort city important manufacturing transportation pages look miami cities population atlanta largest city georgia atlanta served georgia capital civil war national center disease control atlanta center look ways control outbreaks diseases spread person atlanta leading industrial center airplanes automobiles chemicals textiles furniture products atlanta
south middle america caribbean lies huge continent south america south america coastline straight bays openings interior continent reason difficult early explorers inland coast today known parts interior chief physical features south america easy understand range giant mountains andes runs west coast narrow plain pacific ocean andes east mountains wide plains plateaus south america let look closely physical features andes run west coast south america miles km andes highest mountains peaks range higher united states roads railroads cross andes east andes high plateaus largest highest known brazilian highlands brazilian highlands east side continent plateau known guiana highlands guiana highlands northern part continent plains south america built rivers continent plain orinoco river lies guiana highlands northern andes called llanos llanos spanish plains guiana highlands brazilian highlands plain amazon river vast plain flat stretches thousands miles
live eastern part country paraguay parana rivers paraguay large city capital asuncion uruguay lies farther south paraguay bordered east atlantic ocean uruguay grazing land cattle sheep raised cool dry grasslands uruguay chief exports animal products meats hides wool uruguay large city montevideo country capital chief port montevideo rio de la plata argentina lies andes atlantic ocean argentina vast grass covered plain northern argentina chaco swamps forests chaco difficult cultivate agriculture developing slowly chaco south chaco pampas argentina crops grown rich soil pampas wheat corn flax sunflower seeds feed crops chief agricultural products cattle raising important pampas south pampas patagonia cold dry area agriculture sheep raised wool deposits coal iron oil patagonia agriculture chief occupation argentina kinds argentina main industries meat packing food processing textiles major manufacturing cities capital buenos aires cordoba rosario chile shaped country lies pacific ocean andes chile nearly miles km miles km widest point northern chile atacama desert driest areas earth
fellow americans ask country ask country words president john kennedy challenged americans moments president challenge remains today learned lot rights freedoms americans enjoy rights involve responsibilities true young adults true today roles parts play relation roles begun expand older help carry responsibilities nation belongs type family remain family member son daughter sister brother charge family stopped think responsibilities family member jobs help family week feelings share things learn family important training ground learning closely learning things want learning share joys sorrows remember reading chapter united states history family history family helps learn live larger family united states america job cheerfully ability helps united states place
won help wanted ads cartographers mapmakers called job openings cooks engineers nurses salespeople cartography satisfying interesting career especially geography demand skilled cartographers growing places business need services maps book prepared cartographers cartographic technicians cartographic technician high school technical course graduate person actual constructing map designed cartographer fine lines drawn engraved coated plastic letters symbols stored file tapes disks transferred sticky backed clear film cartographic technician selects style size letter symbol carefully positions map hand completed map photographed cartographic technicians cameras film kinds instruments equipment mapmaking cartographer college degree education helps cartographer plan design map planning needed map actually includes research gather data check accuracy information shown finished map map purpose intended communicate ideas today computers cartographers construct maps date computers ability store information present data graphically planning career cartographer knowledge computers cartographers highway departments local planning agencies
help learn book written word kinds graphics maps kind graphic maps show deal information written sentences paragraphs need pages book write information map small space map information drawings words tell earth part earth looks overhead chapter learned read map kinds graphics book photographs diagrams tables graphs lines give deal information small space graphics words numbers art elements selected arranged convey special message advertisers graphics order call attention product want buy seen hundreds advertisements magazines newspapers ads want buy textbooks graphics graphic shows facts live chapter find graphics read week united states stopped cities mexico place passengers took pictures person took pictures selling balloons street took pictures woman children selling brightly colored decorations woman took pictures modern museum took pictures church took pictures potter painting dish
weather worth money sunny ball park hot dogs parking spaces sold rainy hot summer power companies sell electricity air conditioning cold winter stores sell gloves heavy coats farmers weather crops crops sell earn money spend equipment clothes goods services drought lack rain farmers spend money irrigation plants replace die weather closely related economics study goods services produced consumed weather part climate weather climate temperature precipitation sunshine cloudiness wind air pressure humidity humidity moisture wetness air difference weather climate weather condition atmosphere place weather forecast days ahead climate hand average condition weather wide area period climate varies earth surface change climate sudden gradual regularity pattern wide areas climate varies major climate regions map page region area land common characteristics
mexicans subsistence farmers subsistence farmers able grow family able extra money things books farm machinery indoor plumbing small farms subsistence farms farmers land able grow crops sale called commercial agriculture southern mexico lowland tropical climate farms grow sugarcane sugarcane tall stalk sugar stalk crushed juice juice boiled sugar sugar important product growing selling sugarcane farmers earn money making sugar sugarcane sugar sugarcane factory called refinery early farms mexico grew sugarcane country sugar refineries gave lot earning money sugar count working factories sugar candy chewing gum soda northern central mexico vegetables cotton important crops farmers grow food sale learned united states market fresh vegetables winter months airplanes carry vegetables tomatoes restaurants stores cities united states fresh fruits perishable strawberries airplane farmers grow cotton sell cotton factories cloth factories called textile mills cotton sold textile mills countries cotton important mexican export
family farm support family lima aunt find household servant girls women schooling find servants age servant lived shantytown edge lima met american anthropologist named elsa chaney gave description lives reed hut roof sandy hill trees grass flowers seen house electricity piped water pays water delivered weekly barrel house children share bed rickety table couple chairs burner kerosene stove refrigerator bathroom clock keeps track transistor radio sets hour bus journey children ready son attends school daughter named sonia works mornings servant earn money school expenses afternoon attends school sonia school stay home care brother mother worked recently sonia younger brothers died malnutrition home earns equivalent dollar sonia earns month income money earn village
normans manor center britain manor small farming village surrounded open fields pastures separated manor large forests woodlands manor raised barely feed villagers household lord manor worked manor serfs lived village farmed land manor free leave permission lord manor working fields serfs took care lord home livestock serf hard led medieval times medieval refers period middle ages medieval system working land changed lords manor began serfs pay rent land lord serfs tenant farmers paid rent giving lord large share crops grew farmers owned land part growth trade exchange english wool cloth flanders part modern belgium profitable landowners raise sheep wool grow wheat food space needed sheep crops meant fewer farmers needed forced find farmland move towns cities open fields grazing surrounded fences hedges sheep enclosed
region eastern europe soviet union part large empires mongols ruled asia thirteenth century empire included southern russia turks took control southeastern europe north hungary romania hungarian empire stretched large area included land held turks russian empire included parts eastern europe asia sixteenth twentieth centuries german empire extended parts northeastern europe war destroyed empires controlled region russian empire replaced union soviet socialist republics called soviet union small independent countries took place empires eastern europe baltic sea mediterranean sea countries formed zone supposed buffer russians germans war ii soviet union took territory eastern europe part russian empire set communist governments rest eastern europe today soviet union control eastern europe yugoslavia albania soviet union eastern european countries economic military ties countries yugoslavia joined comecon organization formed trade easier member nations countries defense agreement called warsaw pact promised help case war million eastern europe soviet union
maria girl lives gypsy ghetto sofia maria slavic school passport home ghetto known balkans million gypsies gypsies compromises citizenship gypsy ethnicity gypsy changed greatly past nazis killed half europe gypsies war ii remaining gypsies found balkans nomadic traveling europe horse drawn wagons postwar governments tried hard gypsies settle permanent homes jobs ghettos gypsies sprung cities eastern europe happened gypsies want welcome neighborhoods ghettos walls lives block apartment buildings industrial section sofia father works nearby factory mother works street cleaner typical jobs urban gypsies neighbors dislike jobs ghetto older apartment building talk days traveled tinsmiths musicians horse traders older women talk days fortune tellers ways bulgarian girl reads writes speaks bulgarian goes public school wears required pinafore dress gypsy makes home speaks romany gypsy language gypsy women moslem background wears turkish pants ghetto
groups north africa groups impact region arabs spread language faith parts north africa arabic replaced languages islam major religion major change language religion north africa dialects arabic developed slightly forms islam appeared basic language religion bound north africa north africa completely local customs survived language religious beliefs beginning arab conquest north africa divided groups bedouins bedouins nomads moved place place find sheep goats crop raising farmers conquering arabs bedouins overgrazing animals destroyed farmland parts north africa opposed arab bedouins north africa adopted arab ways berbers group ways million berbers live plateaus mountain valleys morocco algeria coptic christians egypt group resisted adopting arab ways today egypt million modern egypt descendants early christian group center city alexandria language church religious matters related berber language
look map africa page notice western side continent bulges atlantic ocean bulge region call west africa lies sahara gulf guinea part atlantic ocean notice countries west african region west african coast rainy tropical climate zone rain forests cover land soil leached heavy frequent rains part coastal region mangrove swamps areas dense vegetation mangrove wood fuel comes bark mangrove tree unusual root system part water roots hard stiff look bare tree branches rest roots deep soil water soil washing mangrove swamp drained farmland countries part poor able drain swampland add food supply interior part west africa plateau higher drier coast savannas replace thick vegetation rain forest temperature hot rain falls mainly summer winds bringing rain blow atlantic summer winter winds blow direction sahara closer land desert drier savanna lands desert area called sahel
scientists discovered existed china ago bones humans lived found cave city peking scientists lived china ago hunters elephant rhinoceros lived china ago crafted pottery tools stone lived villages practiced slash burn farming china civilization written records chinese history beginning describe series dynasties families rulers dynasty gave country chin chin emperor brought warring kingdoms strong central government chinese empire lasted form dynasties wars famines period sung dynasty china population reached million early china invaded outsiders mongols led genghis khan conquered chinese kublai khan grandson khan emperor china marco polo visit kublai khan prefered chinese mongol chose chinese officials carry business large empire result rule mongol emperor earlier chinese emperors mongol conquerors adopted ways conquered chinese civilization reason development religions china chou dynasty
south asia complicated landscape easier learn think greats mountains rivers plateau wind read range himalayan mountain system highest mountain ranges joins form giant wall separates indian subcontinent rest asia pamir knot north india place mountain ranges meet called roof giant mountain ranges barrier masses air move north asian continent warm air seas south forced high mountain wall rises grows colder loses moisture moisture falls southern side mountain ranges creates region greats rivers high eastern himalayas brahmaputra river carves slow winding route sea follow brahmaputra route map page miles km bangladesh brahmaputra joins river ganges route journey north central india bangladesh delta land rivers river south asia indus begins himalayas flows southwest arabian sea locate indus map page countries flow pakistan dry indus river water irrigation indus river plain joins ganges plain northern india farther east joined brahmaputra plain
give polite try helpful holt called joan house hello hello holt mrs smith joan wait holt called sam house uh yeah hello holt uh speak uh don look write sam partner act sam act call friend invite friend visit write message write called write person sign dan tried call liz hello hello dan liz ruth liz help soccer team practice tomorrow afternoon thank tell write message ruth form practice making phone calls partner write message piece paper form ruth begin book school week write page special happened wonderful funny sad write date top page draw picture happened end school put pages give book schools changed ask grandparent older relative neighbor school things things share learned class
prewriting getting ideas ideas write ways notice thing looks notice smells sounds tastes feels write noticed read poem story write makes think feel ask questions ask write say ways idea write idea need start don worry idea start write ideas writing getting ideas don worry spelling don worry neat written ideas stop written draft read written ways think left want words changing writing called revising publishing sharing written ways share read aloud story wrote mail letter put poem bulletin board want read writing polite look spelling errors mistakes called proofreading fix mistakes give reader neat correct copy read lesson important thinking skill classifying study animals put groups write paragraph telling classmates group writing helps think study animals pictures
meadow place abundant growing plants animals feed meadow attuned weather changing seasons living meadow outgrowth past happened ages past reckoned millions geologists scientists study earth surface ago dim past geologic climate meadow lies cold snow fell piled drifts hundreds feet deep tremendous weight snow packed thick layer ice ice covered north america period geologic history known ice age weight mountains ice layers glaciers began move downhill descent speeded slow warming climate melted lower edges slipped downhill faster warm times ice moved fast return cold weather slowed advance sliding speed avalanche gradual movement occurring hundreds glaciers moved took boulders smaller rocks frozen undersides stones large small known glacial debris stone encrusted undersides glaciers acted giant sandpaper scoured downhill frozen giants scooped depressions earth slid slowly mountains glacier boulders smaller particles moves slowly clean ice glaciers advance varying rates
plant cover thickened larger animals bears hunted insects mice berries mushrooms deer climbed mountain nibbling shrubs close carnivores meat eaters stalking killing smaller animals included bobcats mountain lions mountain coyotes slow process known plant succession began changing lake edge water waves lapped shore washing rolling sand gravel lake basin movement water lake bottom impossible plants root shoreline farther water movement gentle water loving plants began grow submerged completely covered water roots anchored sand mud lake bottom plants needed light grow successfully rooted zone band lake water shallow light reach circle submerged plants grew watery tangled garden stems leaves roots plants varied size tiny floating green specks seen microscope plants stems branches covered areas ten feet plants submerged buttercups eelgrass narrow leaves strange insect eating submerged plants grew helped change lake sand gravel eroded weathered higher mountains washed streams rains tangled roots submerged caught sand soil built rapidly plants grew plants died sank bottom
snowshoe hare called varying hare color seasons winter white dark coloring blends snow predators animals catch food trouble seeing animal color blends surroundings protective coloring color protects enemies animals coloring snowshoe hare snowshoe hare snowshoe feet winter grows stiff inch hairs extend feet snowshoes walk top snow ideally adapted winter living color hides enemies snowshoes easily surfaces deepest drifts hare food twigs buds seldom covered winter snow ice storm plants keeps getting meals sun beats trees north side meadow plop blob half melted snow falls fir branch drift echoes died snowshoe hare darts hide beneath willows caution color helps survive enemies fringes pond bark stripped willow branches rise snow buds eaten entirely snowshoe kin bark chewed snow line tips small branches missing willows tough strong growing shrubs small trees constant winter pruning bark eating hares cousins cottontail rabbits willows grow meadow
soon sun tom tom begun beat played remote part concession notes roused struck breast struck heart player playing later heard shrill voices boys accompanying tom tom cries singing yes spent feast ramadan grandmother insisted spending morning afternoon agitation busy preparing festival bumping pushing asking help uproar bad chief town region canton chiefs attended musicians custom gather festival gateway concession watched pass companies praise singers guitarists drum tom tom players thinking festival sumptuous feast awaited wind screaming crowd surrounded famous tom tom getting nearer going concession crowd stop boy age join society slow coming sure sure fate awaited
nigerian increasing number africans united states seeking education decades independence articulate eager student interested studying family customs social united states comparing american ways home africa beginning studies lincoln university later received degree ohio university chicago president african students union united states return nigeria editor west african pilot influential nationalist newspaper published lagos economic progress eastern nigeria minister works planning major roads region minister finance initiated pay earn taxation title book africa published indication strong possessive feeling country continent selection book tells importance extended family clan considered spokesman nigeria african countries death customs wrote changed comments leisure activities sports longer true true period wrote represented generation fondness perception hospital planned nigeria named memory memorial medical center located division eastern nigeria born serve nation specialize tropical diseases nutrition
kikuyu country introduction european monetary system sheep goats regarded standard currency kikuyu price determined terms sheep goats system operates majority kikuyu grasped idea monetary system domestic animals play important role economic religious social kikuyu number sheep goats feels wealthy large bank balance look animals investment yearly income sheep female goats increase consider profit argue saying money investment shilling bear shilling sheep goat course due ignorance money speculation say buy sheep goat keeping shillings buried ground form saving money majority rot lose sheep goats unlike cattle religious sacrifices chief means supplying meat skins articles clothing finally wife sheep goats marriage insurance cash money wants married place buy cattle sheep goats parents wife accept cash money
need course water touched notice black servants accord unloaded water standing hand bushmen fast arrived drank quantities killed believe condition terrible quenched sank sand kind semicircle sat heads bowed arms clasped round knees distance runners recovering race lives woman unslung bundles tied shawls duiker skin backs leaned cushions children sat tight thighs mothers raising oval eyes shy wonder youngest woman took small baby boy hip body glowed apricot shade swung breast drank look face naked tenderness felt intruder watching looked explained words children condition grown ups sat dazed shock speaking uttering wordless sounds prepared sit hours recovered speed impressive evidence quality woman running
occasions birth important remember pretty matter course special things offerings family shrine child named important occasion elderly dead relative dies body important occasion individual occurs ready adult responsibilities initiation kind prepares prepares makes pleasing ancestors biggest important tribal ceremonies comes marriage married full small daily observances couple final act course death burial burial accomplished formality hunters masai generally attended elaborate ritual case complex tribes chiefs kings head burial nobility extremely costly calling period mourning bereaved family feed mourners making sacrifices occasions family takes part number relatives included depending context times family unites members separated meet renew friendships
passed strange things happened path road symbol road news parts box wheels travel days journey brought things market women wanted clothes beads wear pots cooking road young left pink cheeks traveled fight war sea pink cheeks road legs sons brought hand strange ideas tales road trees cut farms trees give shade ground hot dry food grew father died spirit joined ancestors land poor family pink cheeks numbers increased room land rest tired food grew poor grown eat family worked pink cheeks food coins buy food live
tribes northern rhodesia agreed things prospective marriage consent relatives woman choice payment bride price called money payment satisfy tribes payment partly cattle suitor comes tribe cattle difficulty find cattle comes vast areas infested fatal tsetse fly herds hundreds miles working copper mines clerk administrative center leave travel bush search cattle farmer able willing sell required beasts girl village try persuade girl parents accept cash amount demanded varies according set girl educated rates high money paid installments wife whisked father suitor ready cash tribes demand main payment wedding birth child wife produce child promptly poor bargain husband managed collect money loses wife children tribes matriarchal children property wife family
discovered wood woodbox solid mahogany longed try chisel experimental chips wait carpenter found bench palaver house studio built bench started live tree standing bush willie sawyer brother moses took explore called black gum makes planks took tree found hacking path dense undergrowth cutlass saw grass cut sleeves shirt laced arms narrow gashes leather shoes cut razor edges double pronged barbs climbing palms caught flesh held helpless fish released willie moses walked ahead barefooted clothing aprons unscathed walking ma willie told ma walks ahead force walk united states grass catch hurt length leaf part fight leaf let leaf bend bend leaf reached tree salty perspiration streaming pore smarted fretwork gashes covered body sat warily log willie talked tree bush talking willie
forty thousand ago negroes create works art give art techniques rules deepest significance western art christian middle ages forgotten significance twentieth century values reteach west meaning art meaning art let return statuettes soapstone ivory sculptured negroids grimaldi let remember famous grimaldi creation answers fundamental needs artist negro artist satisfies characteristics arts spiritual need homo sapiens crossed thresholds reflection reflection express form idea sculptors express idea fertility say idea everlasting idea human fullness characteristic negro art turn express essential idea characteristic idea expressed concretely directly manner photograph expressed image symbol translates choosing elements language dictionary nature dictionary external forms artist translates idea fertility image woman rounded forms repeating curved forms
wise knew country wise asked virginia dependent massachusetts pennsylvania north carolina france spain thirteen colonies fought king france spain fought remained independent living today idea thirteen colonies thirteen independent nations silly wonder sane believed nonsense wise certainly thirteen united states country acting country colonies contact wanted colony small england ship atlantic ocean aboard charleston annapolis easy east london north boston actually dangerous sailing atlantic coast fogs storms tricky revolutionary war began colonies knew stand beaten colonies represent meeting philadelphia congress spoke colony called continental congress later changed united states congress assembled
jefferson wrote declaration independence put statement referred notion divine kings governments derive powers divine consent governed government kind live person say problem choose person authority americans pattern follow thirteen colonies founded according kind written rules king called charter charters agreed charter law colonists king change charter consent king royal governor king colony tried change charter tremendous uproar connecticut governor demanded colonists produce charter laid table meeting governor tear suddenly candles put lighted charter story knows true colonist snatched charter ran hid hollow tree known charter oak rate connecticut charter
seaport travel seaport ship fairly easily ships driven wind power wind blowing wrong direction simply wait blew harbor hard place place colony didn ways thinking acting massachusetts simply couldn understand georgia act georgian thought massachusetts queer ideas war acquainted army thousands traveled lives country states understand trust thing philadelphia agreed situation country bad getting worse sure congress paper money states quarreling addition dispute maryland virginia york jersey states allowing goods states payment duties short trying advantage agreed basis trouble bad constitution philadelphia job improve articles confederation
jefferson thought answer let decide wise honest believed nearer choosing rightly group hamilton didn believe moment wished arrange things opinion educated proved smart count opinion ignorant success argued fact succeeded business profession proves intelligent greater say government hamilton putting wished give authority rich wellborn jefferson answer success business proves smart prove honest fact college prove wise giving power rich wellborn difference beginning disputes likely give extra power rich wellborn jefferson likely give power ignorant stupid hamilton country divided jefferson hamilton beginning hamilton washington refused run term elected john adams massachusetts hamilton member hamilton group called federalist party
americans busy shaping kind nation side europe especially england going turned deal important war king war wrong word things thousands things didn amount added changed nearly war changed large number things thing call industrial revolution industrial means business making goods revolution means rising government overthrowing affair wasn aimed government industrial revolution poor able suggest impossible say exactly industrial revolution began lasted say began lasted hundred story began small boy scotland sat kitchen watching grandmother teakettle boil partly true things helped true small boy idea watching teakettle deal change boy james watt idea steam drive machines
liked live towns europe crowded london paris greater numbers surrounding country feed result large part city dreadfully poor hungry thomas jefferson saw europe minister france feeling large cities bad country cancer body hoped large city america farmers industrial revolution begun jefferson idea going fifty moved slowly watt steam engines drive heavy machines flour mills looms weaving cloth trip hammers forging iron ago discovered waterfall build dam waterfall build water wheel power mills machines build mill waterfall dam steam engine set midst city plenty workers tend machines thread cloth spun distaff held hand attached spinning wheel fairly light women young girls girls housewife call unmarried woman spinster
part united states texas rapidly filling americans louisiana places looked empty land border saw reason shouldn move mexicans land nation mexicans managed establish strong government adopted constitution didn stick dictator seized power pretty liked regardless constitution naturally didn suit americans living texas trouble refused obey laws especially land laws dictator consulting texans matter mexican government began fear country dictator moment happened especially bad stupid named santa ana decided stop americans moving texas drive upshot texans defeated named sam houston organized army whipped santa ana drove texas set independent republic happened united states took hand ten texas remained independent knew situation couldn question texas united states mexico join power britain
drive sections country farther compromise didn settle tariff reduced abolished england wanted protective tariff south hated west wanted things didn want perfectly natural tariff section depends factories bad section depends farms england depending factories south farms west developing took pretty wise deep disagreement tariff natural sides believed maybe wished believe disagreement natural fixed wicked fellows side want don nearly decide opposing robbers begin hate begin hate longer reasonable case south didn chance place weaker half million white twenty million north west worse trying defend couldn defended slavery americans today owns horse dog believe thought hundred ago believe
true start important leader northern side intend interfere slavery reason think lying single slave america war certainly contest kind big question settled question big country gang small working things going constitution settled question read line reads united states united states mean country paragraph constitution stood washington president power mentioned constitution federal government retained states mean country things countries clear words powers mentioned retained states united states virginia massachusetts states philadelphia york city boston baltimore argument sided john marshall chief justice united states country country country
half call western hemisphere civilization hundred ago mexico peru built cities houses stone knew carve statues paint pictures kind writing writing knew arithmetic geometry engineers built large wonderful temples palaces kings united states call indians savages dark skins black copper colored large stretch land indians cleared forest small spots general land covered trees water edge atlantic coast stretched flat plain places narrow extending hundreds miles hills began trees covered hills miles hills rose mountains mountains single range ranges running side side crisscrossing call system indian appalachians ranges names blue ridge alleghenies appalachians fairly high mountains rising feet hampshire nearly north carolina high trees grow tops forest mountains valley western side
believed spice islands sea going turkey fact greek named herodotus wrote book quoted assertion egyptian sailors africa end reached herodotus doubted statement place sailed west sun hand herodotus couldn believe place course equator west sun didn equator byzantium fell turks began interest tales real reason wishing east sea idea listened success turks prince portugal brother king interested geography spent studying studied shipbuilding designed ships stronger seaworthy spent deal money sending ships coast africa captains discovered madeira islands cape verde islands reached equator lands discovered claimed portugal proved rich kings europe began look portugal enviously wish prince henry navigator help find kingdoms
means ships larger stronger king queen disposed risk fine ship adventure dangerous put columbus manage turned altogether bad thing voyage columbus big ships exploring smaller sail closer coast slip places big striking bottom learn small ship idea crossing atlantic vessels small columbus frighten brave thousands sailors willing risk crossing bodies water nearly surrounded land mediterranean sea black sea red sea north sea trying cross limitless body water stretching west europe called ocean sea columbus lived tell tale probable palos august expected columbus began doubt homes voyage month august sailed westward month september trade winds blow steadily east west sailors began wonder hope winds
english commoners considered admitted deed king baron entitled respect father deed special respect due son inherited title superior english custom helped narrow gap commoners noblemen europe nobleman children noble england eldest son commoners fine won titles england frequently found plain mister brother lord uncles cousins nephews nieces nobility important history united states explains englishmen america independent spirit independent politics home accustomed knees believed believed god chosen king admitted obey account didn think god creating earls barons knights knew king henry viii father commoners englishman knew lord rights commoner willing give lordship due propose rights lordship america meant majesty king
happened spaniards finally send treasure ships large convoys englishmen hovering range spanish guns frequently cut ships return england laden treasure crowds streets cheer heroes singed king spain beard spanish ambassador protest angrily queen elizabeth say orders finally philip spain lost temper entirely determined burn hornet nest spent immense amount money assembling greatest battle fleet sailed included hundred thirty ships carrying thirty thousand soldiers powerful english nation supply called invincible armada paper hopeless england invincible armada english fact horribly frightened scared lying queen spoke troops battle body weak feeble woman heart king king england soldiers believed thought queen worth fighting sheer power counted england finished things counted philip understood
remarkable thing england days elizabeth number englishmen things william shakespeare write play act part manage theater greatest poet wrote english judge francis bacon later sir francis finally lord lawyer chief judge england writer book essays read philosopher compare aristotle ancient greek sir philip sidney soldier ambassador statesman fine poet remembered gentleman battlefield netherlands badly wounded desperately thirsty officers brought cup water sidney saw private soldier lying nearby worse wound officer give water forgot robert earl essex fought battles commanded fleets courted queen governed ireland wrote charming finally plotted elizabeth head cut things captain queen guard sir walter raleigh soldier sailor statesman explorer poet essayist historian things special interest attempt plant english settlements america walter raleigh won success brains birth father commoner country gentleman living yorkshire son london knowing
effect spirits settlers plainly easy understand effect simply known loneliness brave started trip brave found situation pretty hard captain newport landed colonists voyage atlantic dangerous slow settlers assurance newport england depended return supplies months passed getting close watch mouth river spied sails tearing village tell captain coming joyful gave special spot watchman stood large city spot today known newport news worse loneliness strangeness country england river mighty james forest enormous pines covered banks animals raccoon opossum birds wild turkeys parakeets plants maize potato indians cultivated indians englishmen didn plants animals eat unfit food didn snakes harmless places fish
begin kind virginia careful stayed home wild reckless fellows loved excitement feared danger heard stories mexico peru heard private soldiers cortes pizarro pennies chink left spain loaded gold pearls jewels bought fine houses lived rich happen spaniards mexico peru couldn happen englishmen virginia course answer gold north america side continent thousands miles virginia knew jamestown group expected find rich mines trouble wasted deal looking clearing forest planting seed sure eat winter looking gold excitement found kind clay filled bright yellow specks looked gold called england fool gold fooled believing real thing scientific iron pyrites common settlers dug quantity loaded newport ships started england
king spain king france paid attention jamestown ten fifteen founding give certainly offer threat empires threat idea kings kingship tiny village set edge wilderness knew end threat mighty nations europe kings thought laughed suggestion place danger person looks closely jamestown promise things america today acorn planted sprout inches high pair leaves frail thumb forefinger pull ground step crush death roots trunk leaves things huge oak bear tremendous weights stand hurricanes jamestown things united states strong nations europe part settlers large part ideas thought instance john smith rule eat wasn rule england europe
woodrow wilson president united states march idea terrible war break europe americans handful department newspaper correspondents spent europe business europe going knew danger war guessed terrible war empires ruled britain germany russia austria hungary turkey japan france republic home held imperial colonies africa southeast asia war began fight central powers german hungarian turkish empires side allies british french russian empires later kingdom italy joined allies later empire japan wilson thought united states means war dropped job keeping succeeded impossible job americans realized impossible wilson admit began abuse wasting trying couldn theodore roosevelt especially indignant accused wilson cowardice actually helping central powers stalling acting
wilson knew beating central powers smaller part job united states civilized nations hands larger part setting place imperial system broken americans realized remembered wilson knew deal situation american president united states knows going reason plain president thousands scattered business going place send information deal wilson knew tell partly misunderstood partly telling helped enemies hurt friends moment declared war president occupied endless pressing decisions opportunity explain american felt war hundreds decisions wartime president concerned plan suggested admirals believed bottle german submarines laying mine fields shallow water north sea british admirals thought wouldn didn frightful waste money say danger blowing lot innocent swedish norwegian ships decision put wilson
wilson lloyd george clemenceau important thing paris prevent war idea idea real war ended british french believed thing caused german emperor crazy idea rule important rulers wilson thought kaiser wilhelm ii believe god rule part soldiers conquer army belgium french solemnly promised invade belgium extent british french wilson believed convinced german emperor rule gave true fact german empire set war important idea empire worn war started germany started wouldn broken wilson believed order prevent war sure germany start sure start france britain united states
vladimir remember famous nicholas lenin lenin studied writings famous german philosopher karl marx convinced marx marx born grew industrial revolution change power machine power making things producing worst effects began produce effects pretty bad strange system goods cheaper plentiful bad working early days weavers industrial revolution weaver worked loom hand weave cloth steam engine drive loom times cloth effects didn need nearly weavers produce amount cloth meant steam engine drive hundred looms looms steam engine place meant worked factories engine cost fairly rich meant owned engine boss worked paid wages making selling cloth marx young things worked favor boss workman marx calculated system bound worse
tired listening woodrow wilson ending talk moral duty rest moral duty war dead heavy taxes tremendous national debt war wanted business clearing wreckage left americans terrific strain half fighting half longer treaty league wound failure woodrow wilson sort prophet telling wilson fraud disgusted times kind politician interested country finds chance alert watchful knowing want determined political parties watch steps nominate lose election tired disgusted elect republicans sure going win felt nominate smaller politicans party prefer weak white house strong president toe mark weak say convention strong party turned candidate chosen senator ohio named warren harding
freedom especially american freedom based theory left learn act sensibly learn trouble matter drinking hundred stop problem honest sincere thought think forbid drink allow ruin end war bad mistake decided try enact law making illegal sell drinks united states organized known saloon league leadership smart lawyer named wayne wheeler law enacted pushed amendment constitution eighteenth making prohibition supreme law land didn turn expected including drank alcohol thought wrong soon found law forbade buy liquor turned stubborn determined buy fine persons lawless nature committing burglaries kinds cheating schemes turned making selling liquor honest encouraged high prices charged bad liquor number millions
armistice november italy going pieces mussolini organized society american ku klux klan soldiers claimed favor law order proceeded opponents attention law order mussolini named veteran law enforcers italian di members called italian fascists english ku klux klan society undertakes enforce law obeying law fascists soon hand government rome stop government washington stopped klan mussolini chosen black shirt uniform society black shirts marched rome regular government took heels terror helpless king turned country mussolini proceeded rule according whim twenty imperialism rawest kind mussolini rule tyrannical kaiser wilhelm germany ambitious sense dreamed talked restoring empire ancient rome began overrunning kingdom abyssinia called ethiopia africa special reason king italy decided abyssinia army whipped battle loss nearly army italians touchy subject abyssinia
leaders course tried convince knew exactly wrong set leaders things mussolini told italians fear communism socialism liberalism lack discipline hitler told germans fear jews malice inferior americans told leader thing fear fear nameless unreasoning unjustified terror paralyzes needed efforts americans thought believed struck country foreign army invaded earthquakes volcanoes torn land fires floods swept cities quantities food farms quantities goods kinds city warehouses terrible epidemic black death killed happened system making exchanging goods wrong lost confidence thought americans began realize unreasoning unjustified terror soon realized began germany hand hitler calm excite warned afraid terrors effect extremely active germans worked harder worked chief aim ready fight dangers believed rising
honest joined means honest greedy selfish didn care straw roosevelt cared deal tax bills going roosevelt schemes cost deal money government spends money collect taxes collect taxes pay taxes fall mainly money wealthy hated roosevelt believed ruining country roosevelt haters sincere thinking country thinking pretending violent honest difference thought majority looked roosevelt friend voted elected president roosevelt elected party democratic party won majority congress success enemies furious angrier wilder charges roosevelt hand friends believe enemies rich opposed selfish reasons true rich including rich understood roosevelt trying thought excitement political campaigns overlooked
thousands groups crossed physically ways customs spoke languages homes changed alike intermarriage exchange ideas thing indian culture thing indian language european language families settlers moved populated north south america remote unfamiliar land discoveries livestock beasts burden camels horses elephants asia cattle sheep goats pigs chickens ducks geese early americans learned raise tame turkeys birds llamas small animals related camels capable carrying load fifty pounds domesticated put ecuador peru big animals north america elephants africa tamed kinds grain wheat rye oats barley millet planted scattering seeds fertile ground maize corn planted corn knows sown broadcast grain set hole required lot experimenting centuries develop original wild grass plant yield decent crop
defense shelter pueblos built towns places savage tribes began drifting southwest ancestors navahos apaches broken tribes settled northern canada alaska invaders primitive poor arctic type bow originally asian origin stronger bow known southwest gave military advantage newcomers regular war pueblo traded learned stole raided nuisance pueblos want settlements strong defensible later pueblos moved section culture developed built towns high places arranged houses formed defensive wall pueblo culture essentially peaceful democratic indications fighting found spite trouble semi civilized nomadic primitive bands ancient times pueblos governed priests religious officials governors power derived consent governed pueblo culture shows signs elaborate special burials individuals occur distinction rank special houses finer modern pueblo indians peaceful democratic labor put building kivas community effort undertaken voluntarily culture southwest spread arizona mexico southernmost parts colorado utah
farmed large scale spring women prepared ground planted songs ran field field growing season women fields belonged fall women harvested roasting ears ready eating tribes held ceremony green corn ceremony held corn eaten matter hungry person ceremony accompanied elaborate ritual pottery broken fires put towns cleaned fire kindled temple carried feasted fine fresh started ceremony ritual theme ending starting anew strongly suggests similar elaborate rites practiced mexico fifty close sacred period cycle aztecs thought think century took place destroying things cleaning general preparation fresh start fires quenched fires laid meaning matches flint steel lighting fires tedious job aztecs system writing elaborate calendar able track fifty cycles southeast writing natural heard mexican ceremony hold annually tie important event ripening corn
visualized peace sort federation teaching religious idealistic members practice pairs principles health body mind peace individuals tribes conduct thought justice respect human rights preparedness defense keeping increasing spiritual power follower practical minded hiawatha tradition principal credit creating working league real hiawatha confused hero longfellow unfortunate poem resembles real indian living dead real hiawatha statesman united senecas mohawks true union league iroquois eighteenth century joined moved cherokee country escape attacks white league lasted hundred functioning blood feuds league ended establishing system payments atone killing quarrel arose member nations unable settle eventually council league hiawatha unwritten constitution knit independent tribes face rest standing interfere management strictly internal affairs founding fathers wrote constitution similar problem solve uniting sovereign states claimed drew ideas league iroquois certainly number framers constitution acquainted league council league drawn sachems member tribes
northern united states algonkians dressed living atlantic coast wore hair similar style plucked shaved scalp lock women haired coast south virginia north carolina dressed western end arc hunting hair braids farther north arctic clothing finely tailored fitted manner eskimos wisconsin east typical dwelling algonkians wigwam confusion worth saying wigwam entirely tepee dome shaped house frame strong poles planted earth bent tied crossways covered bark preferably birchbark birchbark rushes mats woven rushes reeds small wigwam built quickly unlike tepee easily moved set intended stay put wigwams large atlantic coast south algonkians built round roofed houses similar tribes kind tepee straight poles arranged form cone covering cone skin common kind tepee bark laid poles held position poles laid top framework easily moved northern tip high plains edge range buffaloes canada algonkians true tepee tent skins neatly adapted mobile
chapter bites big mouthful deals tribes inhabiting vast area reaching canadian border northeastern edge texas students indian history classify tribes separate groups tribes likely grouped plains indians west tribes lived northeast treated branch eastern woodland indians vast region lines division cultures fuzzy peoples southeast formed neat cultural unit east coast algonkians formed fairly neat unit move west groups fade line division cultures matter drawn bound arbitrary beginning south land western farmers started texas blended southeast area reached arkansas eastern thirds oklahoma part kansas missouri iowa eastern nebraska branch reached eastward mississippi occupy illinois indiana south territory woodland hunters ohio boundaries country branch bending missouri river reached north dakota early times west eastern montana knowledge farming mexico southeast spread east north west continued moving westward natural boundary stopped farming line annual rainfall averages twenty inches map shows line east annual rainfall twenty inches safely expected
fighting surrounded heavy ritual scalps place strands hair occasionally priestly standing took scalps trophies likely regarded considerable fear purified prayed fed offerings corn meal pollen harmless warrior killed elaborate rejoin battle nuisance papagos required sixteen days purification killer greatly limited important allies army apaches papagos designated war party special power visions killing war rationalized fit eternal quest rain fertility victory capture rain strength enemy bring water area tribes speaking languages big family comes fact utes utah colorado aztecs mexico belong important tribes southwest papagos southern part arizona northern mexico hopis northern arizona colorado river totally linguistic group pueblos addition separate families number languages zuni arizona border farther east rio grande valley
modern pueblo indians northern arizona mexico large part descended ancient pueblo indians settled southwest ago descended members groups hohokam moved north descendants simpler settled rio grande adopted pueblo ways moved older establishments north west main line culture racial type continuous ancient pueblos today pueblos lived compact towns west houses built stone cemented adobe clay east houses built entirely adobe arrival spanish square bricks pouring mud forms patted adobe lumps shaped distinctly turtle laid lavish plastering material layers roofs flat covering adobe top insulation rain heavy rain snow allowed pile melt roofs leaked houses stories high defensive purposes built doors ground floor ladders pulled trouble led upper levels village central open space kivas ceremonial chambers served clubs gathering places farmed hunted wove embroidered jewelry turquoise shell bright stone women deal building plastering cooked pottery basketry
probable exception taos northern mexico pueblos called cult kachinas gods divine beings act intermediates god invisible loving present half period according instructions gave mankind ancient times visible properly trained initiated put masks represent dance required exact ritual kachinas present masked dancers kachinas thought invisible real kachinas unlike masks iroquois masks attempt depict human faces grotesque masks covered symbols express powers kachinas things pray rain crops sunlight fertility hundred ago wandering bands speaking languages north southwest drifted south stretches unoccupied thinly occupied territory picking ideas primitive tribes basin western farmers landed southwest spanish called apaches tribe group called apaches de lived close contact pueblos spanish pronounced later apache part dropped known navahos famous tribes today tribes developed wandering bands took varying aspects southwestern farmers culture caused farmers endless trouble
tremendous idea dawned human brain save store edible seeds plant spring tribe hunt hard harvest fashion agriculture beginnings today collect food forests meadows waters left kinds provide arts comforts living idea saving seed cultivating crops civilization built city town exist agriculture ready supply food seeds saved species plants major food crops mainly wheat barley millet rice rye american indians learned grow maize beans pumpkins south america potatoes crops eventually added vegetables fruits farming methods remained laborious inefficient famine unusual today half earth hungry lives cotton flax added list crop plants learned weave fibers cloth blankets clothing origin principal crops cultivated selected developed wilds prehistoric times chosen stone age thought wheel invented bow arrow crops modern farmers plant cultivate tractors power implements ancients produced sharpened sticks primitive utilize parts plants prepare hands simple tools
times land acres needed supply current demands castor oil deal imported brazil india need castor oil unique chemical properties oil combination chemical compounds goes end products preferred indispensable complete list include highly technical terms chemical specializations idea meanings general terms say castor oil protective coatings paint varnish enamel lacquer plastics plasticizer linoleum electric insulation adhesives finds lubricants shock absorber brake fluids cosmetics printing inks shoe polish crayons recent development called coatings foams adhesives processes satellites space vehicles castor oil firm base castor plant surely future green frontiers united states plant breeders think higher yields sight learned cultivate crop experts believe farmers fill domestic demand produce export oil nearly ahead crop attempts meet success failure simply adequate endeavor enormous consumption paper products pounds american depend trees trees grow slowly northern states canada scandinavia trees grow rapidly southern states
fair guess decades ahead trained botanists healthy vigorous fellows able stand hardship examine reexamine plants grow sun shines rains fall scientists laboratories familiar latest instruments physics chemistry disciplines subjecting plants products intimate scrutiny alert find compounds ingredients meet needs advancing changing society foresee demands arise future vegetable materials count considerable list needs properly supplied short proteins urgently needed countries meats eggs fish scarce diets starchy scanty fail build sturdy young bodies fail charge adults energy decade american plant explorers collected plant species seeds protein scientists analyzed nearly promising find specific amino acids urgently desired industry proteins million pounds purposes ingredients vegetable proteins bring high prices familiarity chewing gum gumlike materials plants trees imported rate million pounds industries adhesives textiles foods paper coatings drug preparations printing textiles ways waxes enter surprising number products industries import million pounds imported gums waxes seldom uniform quality uncertain supply
spend lives field trips offices laboratories collecting materials making photographs learning languages temptation field trip properly written put later tedious task classifying brought home field mere suggestion field trip sets anthropologist sniffing air remembered smells fish oil copra roasting burning charcoal chewed nut merely describing anthropologists natural inclination set field trip special field trip high school students want anthropology trip bring students interested anthropology american museum natural history talk colleagues columbia university talk professors students students country kinds places anthropologists research apply knowledge hospitals departments health special laboratories making films analyzing recordings music government departments acting advisers matters technical assistance educational programs peoples newly coming modern relations countries chance field western guinea harvard expedition film dead birds wilds borneo tom williams bob diane harrison working arctic turkey making film eskimo southeastern mexico john blind student studying village blind
museum center activities museum expeditions study birds fishes insects rocks rivers objective scientists himalayas guinea canadian rockies observe subjects natural conditions making careful notes gathering samples studied classified analyzed later materials written scientific monographs exhibited meaningful ways photographs reconstruct detail place found colors shapes leaves flowers kind soil schoolchildren older students looking exhibits fully understand place original settings main corridors maps floor show subject hall visiting students plan route anthropological halls top floor offices moving natural history anthropological exhibits recognizing relationships students sense seeing eyes ways living learn science high school emphasizes laboratories experiments scientist shown movies television advertisements indoors wearing white lab coat working test tubes beakers surrounded kinds apparatus biology class focus dissecting social science classes spend deal discussing family statistics age marriage number marriages end divorce average number children middle income homes kind family kind
asked colleagues questions easily compare answers find kinds things anthropologists deal look physical measurements blood types believe past bring children buy sell inherit think beautiful reject ugly believe souls die naturally anthropologist trained equally kind activity specialize music pottery designs weapons agricultural methods religious beliefs ideas law account find variety interests specialties interviews curators museum chapter columbia university professors interviews recorded sequence arranged book order mean follow order reading design hall museum mark pathways oblige visitor look exhibits specific sequence leave free wander look things interest likes skip things choose wants similarly dipping sampling read interviews follow harder arrange book museum hall anthropologists field report needed
minute working civilization paper telling present knowledge civilization expressed early civilizations things cellophane present paper chinese things actually beginnings chinese civilization kites late nineteenth century china kites flown festival occasions re cataloguing cleaning students kind thing learn deal chinese festivals things religion entertainments expressed fancy kites china china ethnology china number archeological sites china seen early chinese culture exciting thing couple exciting thing suppose going field pakistan place interested finding indications early civilization exciting finds depends call exciting actually trip place borders india pakistan found ruins pompeii preservation beautifully preserved date pompeii date thousand christ village ancient times actually walk streets layout houses find things relate everyday
exciting thing think exciting thing working mayan site southern mexico tabasco ran couple expeditions large ceremonial site worked large buildings constructed brick practically mayan cities stone unusual built brick course look maya buildings brick raises questions origin technique material brick building older younger age type maya think brick don invention coming region lowlands east coast region site alluvial plain stone supposedly wanted build material invented fired brick similar parts need material caused invention exactly kind bricks found parts re molds cut big slabs wet clay put ground big knife re size bricks separate invention thing want don precisely getting interested study art middle america want general studies
dr freed office room filled library shelves sitting table close wall pretty girl look earned ph follows door field trip india york accent softened touch language changed speaking india changed table books opened fashioned drawings working minute walked door walked door going books looking descriptions traditional house types settlement patterns parts india connection small part fellow museum natural history museum connected exhibit research reading looking material distribution items culture india connection piece research working distribution house types settlement patterns re book material field trying information books anthropologists worked india beginning piece research making area worked place visited
sepik river present situation information student able gather earlier field workers monographs entirely date problems assembling equipment selecting drug malaria finding strongest mosquito netting bought deciding typewriter sturdy choosing tape recorder advantages step organizing field trip deciding tribe problem starts problem finds place study times start area south america southeast asia decide problem study step finding funds support field trip decided think details supplied information forms continually change find diem rate amount money allowed everyday living expenses island study happens island listed united states government permitted diem book closest equivalent solution anthropologist agency rule equipment bought local university instructions designed mainly scientists research laboratories anthropologist going field finally unexpectedly choices problems solved
professor fried minute related anthropology actually number things suspect anthropologists find difficult thing case matter teaching trying write assembling project field ago communist government successful taking mainland china planning taiwan continue aspects study fifteen ago interested organization chinese family larger kinship groups intend domestic groups taiwan compare investigated china course basic population taiwan comes china descended forebears migrated island hundred ago passage centuries seen real divergence respective patterns organization matter fact specialists dissatisfied common view chinese prefer large families american students surprised discover average size family china members circumstance raises questions begin ask difference actual size chinese families think size chinese share american misconception questions provide problems things working professor fried answered question going ask re going
professor re archeologist yes tell re finished advising doctoral dissertation took half hour mexican archeology advised staff members travel log travels sudan sudan archeological expedition months returned vouchers turned person regarding proposed research neanderthals wishes study lower limbs neanderthals advised application national science foundation neanderthal neanderthal think straightened outline budget plans tell tell interesting exciting things things things guess interest routes early migration siberia asia north america tracing northern alaska mountains sea north slope brooks range distance ten miles peters lake found early materials crude flaked stone materials program northern iraq zagros mountain area uncovering neanderthal skeletons possibly interesting episodes discovery neanderthal skull iraq iraq yes surprise didn believe
beetles easy find look variety enormous species animal known type beetle quarter million kinds beetles named scientists believe tens thousands species remain beetles found jungles meadows deserts ponds found seashore beetles small pencil dot beetles larger mouse beetles beautiful glistening blue green brilliant golden color ugly grotesque shapes gardens fungus growing backs book explore basic shared characteristics beetles extremely successful beetle body modified tremendous variety styles beetles insects naturally share characteristics insects covered tough protective outer covering forces molt shed skin grow insects beetles growing molting larval stage adults cease growing altogether insects beetles pair antennae heads sense environment legs bodies divided sections insects head thorax abdomen flying insects beetles pairs wings easy recognize beetles distinct insects modified front wings typically cover rear wings abdomen give beetles unusual appearance
beetle eats food passes mouth parts front portion gut lined chitin animal thinner flexible general differences structure gut carnivores meat eaters accommodate large meals irregular frequently intervals herbivores plant eaters tend send smaller volumes food digestive tract steady rate carnivores roomy crop bulk prey stored waiting move line digestion food passes muscular tube called gizzard serves crush food chewed eaten gizzard frequently armed stiff hairs serve filter material leaving particles small pass digestive chamber larger pieces retained grinding digestive region called thin walled flexible protected inside thin membrane secreted front end membrane wraps food bundles permits chemical exchange place insect absorb nutrients released food digestive enzymes remains food wrapped membrane pass water body needs junction easy microscope group tubules joins digestive tract serve digestion elimination metabolic waste products named italian anatomist seventeenth century tubules
discussed beetles feed plants specializing plant species parts favorite kinds species beetles eat animals beetles predatory beetles tend fast moving creatures active visible hunt land beetles larger aquatic beetles feed animals adults larvae large diving beetles catch eat small fish larvae called water tigers inject digestive juices captured fish holes tips jaws suck resulting broth chew swallow fish obviously unwise water beetles aquarium small fish ground beetles active black beetles common stones boards northern hemisphere wander seeking victims night hide formidable predators specialized ground beetles called tiger beetles north american species look similar head bulging eyes crossed sickle shaped jaws square outline range dark indigo brilliant green iridescent purple white swirls characteristic patterns attractive appearance saber insect makes favorites collectors magazine devoted group tiger beetles excellent eyesight run fly rapidly agile beetles favorite habitat sunny spot open sand difficult capture collector remember sharp jaws beetle won hesitate bite defense deliver memorable nip
crusaders plan landing enemy held beaches palestine sail egypt fight desert famous gaza strip read today jerusalem door easier front door fail hearts high sailed rugged coast deep inlets violet mountains past rocky ithaca legendary home wily ulysses past yellow beaches ancient greeks drew craft sailed rescue helen troy finally past southernmost tip greece storms supposed meet suddenly happened continuing holy land mighty fleet altered course turned north possibly reason leaders knew fighting puzzled soon whisper ran lip lip destination constantinople golden fabled byzantium capital greek eastern roman empire legendary el dorado city glitter glory set bosporus narrow body water divides europe asia separating west east tough venice changed crusaders minds henry eighty blind knew ducats grow trees eager money loaned venetian merchant ruled crusaders promised give venetians silver marks silver marks horse transported east months borrowing begging promising paying owed marks
found true hot july crusaders venetians forced young constantinople rich powerful earlier let leaders crusade cool heels gates hundred wanted find fabulous city asia distant cathay course modern hangchow enormous took medieval traveler days merely cross side khan modern peking miles fertile ground walls towers girdled round playground chinese son heaven emperor marco polo born fifty crusaders knew cathay heard idea big city london gloomy houses days london town westminster abbey mile country surrounded green fields paris streets narrow sky overhanging gables cathedral notre dame finished paris extended mile direction bruges bent wizened wool merchants damp smell canals rome famous city west inhabitants ruffians bandits robbed pilgrims fought battled pope castles marble stolen ancient monuments
palace buildings circus tremendous stadium feet feet wide sides thirty forty rows seats north end balcony emperor empress sat held days center kind citizen activity held wildly exciting chariot races green blue factions democrats republicans united states forgot politics bet favorites ready fly stones swords wrong ahead wild beast fights acrobatic feats performances clowns jugglers trained dogs trained gilded crocodile fights gladiators christian byzantines think kill sport emperor elect stood hear crowds proclaim face promise obey laws bloody riots called revolt started put loss lives robert limit sightseeing palace grounds visited palace golden horn saw splendid twenty chapels hundred chambers stood golden gate sized elephants copper
roman legions designated numbers according priority formation corps modern army distinguished manner caesar command gaul times legions numbered iii vii viii ix xi xii xiii xiv xv geneva spring found legion stationed farther province distinguished fidelity courage soon set territory caesar hastened gaul enrolled legions xi xii called winter quarters vii viii ix stationed province legions auxiliaries horse foot composed army conquered driven rhine campaigns caesar legions previous levies xiii xiv spring caesar enlisted legion xv divided ten cohorts scattered fill depleted ranks legions caesar half legions arms fifteen cohorts legion xv cohorts legion xiv destroyed opening campaign pompey loaned caesar legions iii raised received number xiv caesar divided cohorts lost
heavy baggage legion carried pack animals horses mules wagons carts occasionally army generally found legions personal baggage carried soldiers elaborate calculations quantity baggage legion follow estimates main making adaptations warranted deviation figures size legion reckon load pack animal lbs thing tents square base feet side wedge roof ten tent estimates tent guard duty belonging tent occupy safe consider group soldiers messing tent number caesar army centurion tent need tents strength allowing servants entire number legion number added needed tribunes servants tents allowed estimate according allowed tent
battles open field romans caesar seldom modern artillery defending attacking fortified places engines kinds employed hurling missiles case attacking battering walls engines easily improvised hand campaign involving siege operations likely siege train carried army involve body transportation understand setting repairing possibly detachment entrusted exact construction roman artillery period precise accounts infer names applied greek military engines general later missile weapon caesar universally calls word twist plainly refers source power elasticity torsion reasonable doubt greek roman artillery age construction material change construction caesar centuries truth examine greek artillery earlier caesar heavy missile weapons kinds hurling missile direction horizontal nearly threw heavy mass considerable angle shot large arrows called catapults kind cast heavy stones provided blocks wood
astronomical number units starting point brain incredible complexity billions cells sends branching tentacles form interconnections neighboring cells cell connected neighbors constantly exchanging data impulses limitless number cells interconnections makes human brain intellectual instrument unparalleled supremacy appeared newborn baby comes full quota billion brain cells birth brain weighs pound subsequent increase mass weight explained solely result fiber growth formation connections brain cells present view question course prove correct research scientists claim accurate determining increase brain mass merely result connections growing brain linking existing cells cells actually develop child matures possibly combination hand brain cell destroyed replaced person reaches middle age literally millions brain cells died cerebral reserves loss intellectual vigor senses smell hearing taste sight acute noticed intercellular connections place birth control digestion hunger blood pressure heartbeat autonomic processes operate independently conscious
cortex gray mantle completely enveloping older parts brain growth development rapid comparatively speaking expansion skull soon completely filled topmost area overlapping folds human brain fact contained cerebral hemispheres representing billion total number cells brain noted number cells contained cortex highly developed ape gray umbrella human traits intelligence power think reason source wonderful human gifts language abstract thought unique gifts combination greatly increased powers memory built civilization cortex responsible reason intellect intimately involved functions brain fact kind supervisor brain activities thought section brain performed duties independently parts instance believed area brain reacted instinctive feelings hunger fear science shown level brain goes action feel desire food hypothalamus merely triggers feeling hunger primitive part brain agent responsive need drop minute felt slightest pang hunger tearing blind search food
ages later primates emerged treetop abode utterly transformed stood nearly erect possessed brain sense smell demoted secondary role dominant brain areas permitted sharp eyesight precise body movements especially movement hand eyes moved side head front nose retreated vestige shrew snout face flattened fact apelike movement eyes special importance stereoscopic dimensional vision crucial trees knows primates populate grassy plains stayed treetops millions future stage set appearance appearance rapidly accelerating pace brain development cortex lower brain centers largely perfected early mammalian development primitive fish dinosaurs rudimentary mammals top brain growth million ago late geologic scale spreading gray umbrella nerve ganglia grew directly brain happened function lower brain say sense sight proved inadequate handle change environment part order animals assume added burden extra brain cells gradually grew lower vision center later developments senses acute evolutionary activity taking place
geographically greece ancient times today southernmost extremity huge balkan mass land hard limestone mountains separated deep valleys cut narrow divide gulf east structure mainland continued intermittently islands pattern rounded south rampart crete called steppingstone continents including islands greece small country smaller yemen florida small area able support million inhabitants history western civilization played enormous part reason partly geographical egypt mesopotamia nile euphrates easy subject large population single ruler performed allotted function vast unified system greece district separated mountains sea central control kind impossible forced specialists profession masters range crafts accomplishments separate group deeply aware group members cognizant responsibilities greek climate dry exhilarating gifted magical skies incited action sea hand developed servants unusual skill hand eye nature nursed greeks hard school conscious worth awareness important contribution human experience belief honored individual worth treated respect
greek regard individual worth applied equally peace war fighting force organized democratic lines xenophon taking command explained plans army plan propose let athens elected generals walk war common soldier ride general war considered supreme test beneath concern gods aeschylus writing enduring dramas noted courage displayed persians headlong bravery expected greek fighters style war admired greeks esteemed spartan told enemy hosts thermopylae large arrows hide sun replied fight shade democratic government began greek concept greeks heeded law prized order passion freedom abhorred corruption tyranny aristophanes denounce play public robber yawning gulf plunder devouring villain villain villain according law rise view tyranny kills blameless male citizen barred office athens served positions filled lot greeks gave equal respect mental physical prowess believed ideal spent pursuit excellence things complete equally active athlete philosopher judge poet worthy pursuit philosopher socrates worked apprentice sculptor playwright sophocles served general times imperial treasurer diplomat priest
myths touches fellow feeling romance perseus rescues andromeda sea monster end alcestis offers die place husband admetus span runs admetus accepting offer tearfully magnificent funeral myths full anecdotal detours bits traditional lore main message important message folk tales anecdotes appeal helped audience attentive receptive unlike folk wisdom distilled animal stories greek version found chiefly stories tales close relevant problems fitted nicely careers wandering heroes odysseus stories series adventures climax creative tradition legend song part eighth century person homer epic poems iliad odyssey known homer thought lived island chios masterpieces mark dawn european literature dark age epics provided homer story material metric form subsequently meter greek epic poetry twenty centuries later british poet alfred lord tennyson called meter measure molded lips rhythms ancient greek variations beat variations length syllables greek truly translated english
beginning maritime history classes seagoing vessels vessels propelled mechanical means invented propelled oars classic ship galley war services requiring speed propelled primarily sails classic round ship employed commerce passed continued attempts combine advantages success special cases oarsmen trading vessel space occupied required supplies food water reduced space cargo bulkier vessels resulted increasing sail power cargo capacity galley type poor performance oars merchant galleys venice notable exceptions successful venice held monopoly high low bulk cargoes silks spices east addition seagoing types merchant vessels suitable voyages multitude smaller vessels employed trading river fishing miniature versions seagoing types unique characteristics suit special conditions employment discussing primary purpose book define rig form construction typical early seventeenth century merchant ship simple word ship middle classification confusion term employed general specific senses turning moment current webster international dictionary find ship large seagoing vessel specific vessel masts rarely fourth mast composed lower mast topmast mast higher masts masts square rigged
early seventeenth century purely local flat craft basic forms sailing vessels called ship form boat form ship form employed trading fighting galleons smaller vessels characteristics distinguishing feature flat transom stern observed square rigged vessels period visual evidence offered paintings prints form employed sizes vessels scale drawing showing profile sections ship dating quarter sixteenth century scales contrast square ship form boat form double ended blunt relation fine lined vessels built vikings doubted built sizes manner ship form northern europe variety large small fishing trading vessels employing double ended boat form known large double tubby dutch shown figure centuries slow progress ship design construction venture afloat log shape vessels departed gradually basic proportions hollowed log canoe canoe ancestor boat form oar propelled vessels remained nearly true double end days form sailing vessels
connection framing fabric held regular planking ceiling sealing word inside frames fastened erected general ship put basket added planking ceiling carried evidence wedges called driven heel force tightly framing irregular perfection shown built admiralty type models apparently fourth frame drawn pair compasses previously measurements intermediate frames ship end century practice erect frames help strengthen important scarf floor timbers ceiling extra heavy known sleepers bind framing provide longitudinal strength heavy timbers known wales prominent vessels period served decoration setting apparent sheer hull contrast stepped deck levels gunports seaman stay decks ship curves wales ends care cut wales gunports conflict deck stepped
fortunate pocketed folsom point bottom blowout moved explore stumbled fragments human skeleton recognized parts skull rib hand wind cut grayish sand imbedded dropping hands knees picked danger blown fragments partially exposed left place particles heavily fossilized realized important discovery fossilized animal remains fairly common texas early reported find outstanding archeologist named fred fellow scientists joined discoverer site located ranch owned clarence conducted exhaustive examination blowout weeks cautious digging months complicated painstaking research laboratories learned fragments woman quickly referred midland minnie thirty died twelve thousand ago late pleistocene age north america covered vast sheets ice midland fragments extraordinary proved oldest verified human fossil remains found americas archeologists expressed interest associates wrote small book site laboratories published university texas press title midland discovery proved fascinating reading amateurs scholars
spaniards impression warriors giants fetched europeans saw century later tall physically handsome women fat stooped lifetime drudgery boys naked women girls wore short skirts deerskin streamers spanish moss differentiate members bands sexes bodies painted colored stripes figures resembling birds flowers punctured outer edges nostrils ear lobes lower lips order dangle beads shells bits reed wore dark hair single braid bound rawhide tail rattlesnake cabeza de found hospitable merry face continuing poverty hardship later accounts brand fierce looking cannibals fact states disgusted starving comrades ate flesh died early anglo american german white settlers wary reputation cannibalism unattractive noah smithwick arrived wrote ugly faces rendered hideous alligator grease dirt head foot defense mosquitoes apparently texas pioneers found difficult pronounce nicknamed explanation labeled cannibals provided noted texas anthropologist newcomb jr book indians texas prehistoric modern times newcomb states cannibalism practiced distinct custom eating human flesh simply food
cabeza de noted marriages child rearing customs added love children spoken boys girls subjected painful tattooing making shallow incisions sharpened shell flint rubbing charcoal resin cuts children forbidden cry painful ordeal necessity plant food experts natural resources band territories roamed constantly gathering roots nuts seeds fruit hunting deer occasional bison communal hunts popular able persons bands surrounded herd deer large number rabbits drove small circle hunters slaughter easily invariably hunts celebrated feasting contrast fishing carried small parties trapped fish lighted torches night lure fish range bows arrows fish roasted cleaning allowed rotten infested insects eaten flesh bones dried pounded sort flour sources food included spiders lizards snakes ant eggs bulbs roasted ground flour living nueces river lower rio grande harvested vast quantities tender sweet nutritious beans mesquite tree beans stripped pods eaten pounded flour preparing women dug hole ground threw beans pounded club
beginning war ii dr kolff young dutch physician charge bed hospital university netherlands patients headaches vomited longer twenty dying slowly miserably kidney disease kidneys longer able remove waste materials blood young grew weaker weaker body wastes accumulated inside dr kolff felt helpless distressed stood bedside sick nearby patient elderly mother wearing black dress white lace cap dr kolff forced tell sobbing woman son going die young physician realized remove body wastes patient blood symptoms relieved body wastes removed days patient live save afterward dr kolff began experiment cellophane tubing kind sausage skin filled tubing small amount blood attached board rocked saltwater solution half hour tested blood found urea waste product passed cellophane salt water german armies invaded netherlands nazi appointed head department medicine university dr kolff resigned protest moved head small hospital
healthy natural kidney kind artificial kidney lost kidneys disease returned health received human kidney transplant person needs working kidney stay alive healthy person donate kidney artificial kidneys needed patient receive kidney transplant donor kidneys kidney transplant teams united states performed twenty thousand kidney transplants number patients waiting donor kidneys supply donor kidneys increasing agree donate organs death supply meet demand kidney transplants successful human body reject part instance splinter finger body defense mechanisms immediately force splinter finger special white blood cells attack form pocket pus eventually eject splinter white cells form antibodies attack organisms infection rejection controlled matching donor organ closely patient receiving matching blood type tissue pattern body proteins closer match chance success transplants identical twins successful patients receive kidney living close relative brother sister parent son daughter percent alive lower survival rate percent found patients receive kidneys cadavers persons died accidents harm kidneys
vision place light present light rays travel straight lines eye meet cornea cornea curved pass cornea light rays bent angled percent eye focusing cornea rest focusing lens lens able change shape ligaments surround hold ligaments taut lens pulled flattened happens re looking distance lens fine focusing want look close ligaments relax lens bunches curved lens thicker light rays bent greater angle sharp focusing place cornea lens curved light rays passing angled shape cone point past point light rays fan cone going opposite direction light rays upside left reversed entered eye direction reach retina looking tree swing hanging left branch image reaches retina tree leaves bottom ground top upside swing image corrected brain point light rays haven changed focused
summer summer easier abundant food movement village warmth light february march lean months fish thin sled dogs survive soup water flour march sun begins rise hills warmth slowly melted frozen cover river stream thick sea ice layers wind packed snow finally surface frost infused earth hours light dimmed glowing dusk short night spongy mat fresh green moss grass brightly flowering plants springs covering hill tundra air carried winter rush wind occasional croak raven rings shrill piping numberless small swallows insistent calls returning flocks ducks geese swans cranes loons longer icy cold pure breezes rich smells salt water mud earth rank plant growth houses open doors left open windows walls let fresh air babies toddlers outdoors winter bounce backs older sisters annie wagon ride brother women sit outdoors plucking birds daily fill cooking pot bits feathers summer snowflakes fly land hair small boys pretending superman run flapping largest geese wings find skiffs built repaired overhauled ephraim makes net young grandson watches
birds dramatic summer bounty area waterfowl breeding grounds familiar birds plants names flowering plants area virtually birds grown identify hundred birds rarely seen golden eagle common cackling goose knows breeding nesting feeding habits expect find hunts species geese number dozen kinds ducks shoots larger cranes loons surreptitiously prohibited whistling swan male shoot spends hours night hillside tundra patiently crouching hillocks grass bush waiting flocks birds pass overhead young boys run shallow ponds village river trying shoot bows arrows succeeding home tiny speckled eggs share small brothers sisters favorite activity soon birds nested parties girls cross river comb tundra walking slowly hummocky ground noting expertly slightly rounded grass shallow nest pale olive greens tans speckled browns eggs dull moss return home late night muddy mosquito bitten damp intermittent rains quietly laughing talking pleased outing store eggs packed safely grass baskets backs
yukon river salmon run huge numbers commercial fishery grown earn thousand dollars week season wife hundred dollars cutting cleaning fish salted shipped seattle finally sold delicatessens lox major source cash income sense anticipation pile tents clothing bedding equipment sled dogs skiffs larger boats travel shimmering night shallow coastal waters important money fact fish camp break confines close family living visit friends relatives villages fish salmon run families small run companies owned white families split young living tents cousins friends village small unmarried young cousins social fish camp spite constant rain mud hard high point harvest harvest salmon largest species king salmon sold dog humpback silver eaten fresh season quantities grow tired rich delicious flesh eat variety cleaned intestines egg sacks boiled bones sled dogs live guts eggs heads backbones adhering flesh dried winter food need energy oily fish
summer american revolutionary army retreating hudson river general burgoyne british redcoats hired hessians fort ticonderoga outflanked abandoned shot fired chances american nation longer looked gloomy talking plans future especially vast canal span wilderness upper york exactly gouverneur morris member continental congress chose discuss night retreat morris fort edward north troy things going ragged army evening mist settled northern forest air grew chill sat warm farmhouse kitchen group officers spoke future country river retreating army morris told mohawk river joins hudson west painted word picture peaceful waterway extend hudson valley mohawk lake erie spoke according listener waters western inland seas aid break barriers mingle hudson waters morris carry endless procession boats bearing passengers goods western territories country lakes later morris wrote exuberantly prophetic letter waterway crawl outer shell country interior part inhabit soil climate
vocal town village route proposed canal holding mass meetings demand lawmakers albany busy responsible citizens york city signed petition asking canal representatives opposing thousands parts signed petitions canal tables groaned petitions senator originally opposed canal spring elected de clinton governor york vote lopsided vote seen voting clinton political allies canal major issue campaign voting canal later important bill funds build canal legislature enemies fought hard final hour session bill vote pass battle rules york legislature bill approved special group called council revision members completely opposed idea canal james kent chief justice york supreme court thought canal fine thing future waterway doomed daniel tompkins vice president united states walked meeting room divided council
experience lacking precedent history canal erie length canal building young undeveloped art true practiced egyptians constructed canals miles length birth christ generally ran level terrain involved ruthless expenditure human ditches knowledge egyptians later romans acquired building canals buried canals middle ages seventeenth century development locks italy art revived true ancestors erie canal born largest european canal grow revival canal cut southern france connecting atlantic mediterranean miles operation locks complex aqueducts tunnels channels opened french canal considered marvel modern engineering erie planners brashly contemplating canal half times rash canals built england half eighteenth century inspired planners english engineer gained experience building spree hired western lock navigation company aid abortive efforts build canal linking hudson lake ontario erie commissioners tried engineer ambitious undertaking turned job offer commissioners selected chief engineers york lawyers benjamin wright james previous experience bit surveying connection legal involving property boundaries
de growing don felipe took places famous inca history mountains place ancestors incas arrived peru orders father sun god saw palaces fortresses capital city cuzco visited wonderful temple sun god live don felipe allowed son houses ancient boards history incas painted young de saw paintings showed spanish conquest loved stories pictures mind grown clever lawyer living spain wrote book drew pictures things remembered heard told story faraway peru growing presented book king philip iii spain write later spanish ruler presented book gift king denmark today collection royal library copenhagen scholars archaeologists realize invaluable source book insights accomplishments incas pictures de book show inca peru dressed ancient costumes husbands wives officers soldiers peasants backgrounds carefully detailed drawings objects household articles everyday inca digging stick inca plow mysterious crown inca ruler
days increasing trade metals beginning close commercial relations peru united states britain germany railways built roads constructed peru flourishing modern nation busy glories inca past forgotten able archaeological baron von humboldt traveled peruvian highlands reporting wonders geography natural history remains inca buildings english sea captain brought strange wood carvings found deep fifty feet sea bird droppings guano peruvian coast german travelers produced illustrated report careful excavations pre inca cemetery archaeological treasures found peru knowledge disconnected cemeteries continued pillaged grave robbers search gold called equipped thin rods probed sands hopes locating burial place found obstructed probes dug sun dried mummies hurled graves beautifully woven shrouds destroyed search gold ornaments pots sold pesos visitors liked inca curios homes peru danger losing wonderful past scientific workers study properly interest past revived news discoveries archaeologists making countries
god crowned fan condor heads rays light hands holds condor headed serpents doubt serpents lightning god group small winged figures condor heads wings extended gate calendar winged figures representations stars moving heavens sun suddenly fourth century find artistic style sculptures appearing coast marks end culture leaves effects smaller cultures north region montesinos records inca story race rulers peru eighty generations incas period impossibly thousand hundred maybe legend refers empire supreme southern half peru empire collapsed written traditions give historical picture city remained sacred place ruin inca times art disappeared southern cultures peruvian coast recovered graveyards coastal peoples continued small towns making undistinguished pottery textiles incas absorbed empire center coast peru present site lima arose sacred center worship creator god called ancient pyramid temple place spirit creator supposed enter priests give oracles
known exact place explosion crude firearm occurred north africa moorish spain middle thirteenth century europe morass dark ages sciences preserved mohammedan nations natural firearm developed arab scientists engineers early cannon firearms effective battle smoke flame thunderous explosions frightened knights horses peasant pikemen knights stone balls threw caused damage soldiers sturdy castle walls attackers continued batter walls towers missile throwers catapults engines powered bent beams heavy counterweights battle english longbow proved pierce chain mail shortly afterward hand cannon carried low born infantry began fell armored knights field larger cannon breached walls impregnable castles feudal knight longer invulnerable feudal system began disintegrate vassal dukes earls nobles owed obedience king theoretically strong barons defied weak king ran domains suit firearm changed cannon firearms extremely expensive manufactured foundries largest cities powder mills full soldiers trained handle guns needed feudal barons lacked skill firearms scorned inventions devil beneath knight honor
loading cannon presented problems powder rammed firmly barrel flame pass tightly packed particles powder merely burn packed loosely gases explosion lacked compression send ball yards master gunners sufficient skill experience load powder properly demand kings nobles large cities maintained armies defense paid fat salaries satisfied loyal bonuses gold dust gifts wines choice female companionship powder left heavy deposits unburned carbon gun barrels loading difficult half dozen shots ten fouling scraped scrubbed gun fired powder improved mid fifteenth century method mixing ingredients wet saltpeter sulphur charcoal ground mortar stamping mill alcohol water added paste urine perfectionists wine drinker preferred beer bishop thought powder highest quality paste dried pressed cakes broken fine grains rolled barrel heavy stone ball crushed stamp mill grains sorted sifted sized screens process called corning coarsest grains cannon size corn kernels finer grains small arms finest priming
strangely breech loading firearm thought modern invention tried early fifteenth century drawback mechanics unable correct breechblock close fitting prevent leakage exploding gases reduced gun range power endangering crew reason idea abandoned hundred types breech mechanisms top half gun breech cut foot separate breech chamber handle looking beer stein loaded powder ball fitted opening flange front end wedged barrel gun chamber turned locking breech place type breech chamber fitted open rear end gun barrel held securely heavy wooden wedge driven rear breech backing block screw thread breech assure tight fit making mechanical ability early gunsmiths half seventeenth century odd materials gun barrels king gustavus realize cannon mobile gun carriages split trails larger wheels hauled gallop horses slow oxen decreed field guns heavier twelve demanded lighter guns leather
indian boys girls brought quiet mice company elders strangers played toys games boys girls today watch indian youngsters playing ring pin hoop pole game call indians grave reserved excited noisy crowd high school basketball football game indian hundred thousand ago wasn easy indians content humdrum existence found play recreation games primitive peoples indian games played merely amusement games chance played high stakes games closely tied ceremonies rituals played times games bring rain crops game animals hunters cure sickness frighten evil spirits indians believed sun moon moving proper places link myths legends games indian tribes legends supernatural culture hero called defeats human contestants games skill speed cunning magic pueblo indians arizona mexico thought hoop pole game connected war gods women permitted play game similarly navaho indians say ancestors taught play string games ancient spider accounts web patterns find game
driest sections area lies rocky mountains sierra nevada cascade mountains california oregon washington extending british columbia canada southward nevada utah overpopulated holding indians early eighteenth century known tribes nez perce flatheads utes lacking agriculture hunters fishers gatherers dig roots starving south homes simple pole brush shelters northern indians built large community houses arching poles covered mats tule cattail california rates culture area hundred ago indian paradise indians living hundred small tribes speaking lot languages typical tribes living conditions excellent climate mild indians domed house built tule grass thatch laid framework poles indians farmers abundance acorns wild plant foods greater abundance fish rivers ocean area extended pacific coast southeastern alaska southern oregon home totem pole wealthiest indians north mexico indians crowded narrow coastal belt half dozen distinct tribal groups included haida kwakiutl tsimshian nootka food abundant california
tops widely american indian youngsters spin top game played indian boys indian tribes according anthropologists tops originated ancient china japan thousands ago orient hundreds kinds tops found place whipping tops pinching tops catching tops fighting tops whistling tops tops lit tiny lanterns shell tops weighted lead humming tops asia tops found trade migrations peoples bering strait simplest kinds tops reached north america expect living closest bering strait eskimos champion top eskimo boys girls liked spin tops tops tops play today cone shaped wooden tops pointed end spin tightly wound string plastic metal musical tops wind key whirl play tune eskimo tops disk shaped pieces ivory wood bone inches diameter hole center round wooden bone peg protruded bottom part peg furnished point top spin upper part twirled hands set top spinning winter ground frozen days short play length eskimo boys girls alaska played top spinning game
passed april virginia warm spring sun shone broad waters chesapeake bay river crooked blue fingers bay point green shores virginia tide waters ocean ebb flow boy george washington stood end plantation wharf watching ship sailing soon round bend channel leaving mouth river broader waters bay sail open ocean stretched thousand miles england ship loaded tobacco exciting returned sailing river treasure ship loaded fine things family furniture george mother mahogany bed tall posts mahogany highboy fine suit father plum colored bottle green cream colored stockings small brothers smaller suits father guns hunting polished smooth shining barrels doll china head betty thought george bridle saddle colt wait lifetime boy ten virginia planter father lifetime tobacco crop surprise spring things ship brought unfortunately tobacco planter money buyers london set price
benjamin franklin grown busiest friendliest philadelphia twenty master printing office market published newspaper surprising almanac foretold weather sprinkled full wise witty sayings supposed written called poor richard spread business bit opened small shop printing office sale books ink goose quill pens codfish soap candles cheese rattlesnake root deborah wife tended shop minded small boys ben found press room dressed red flannel shirt leather breeches leather apron moving presses cases type opening kegs ink poking pots glue busy benjamin franklin didn meant idle writing piece news poor richard sayings carving wood block showing apprentice boy wash sort set stick type midst things drop give advice neighbor rooster crowed loud smoking chimney knew fill thinking things inventing ways
frederick ii king prussia german girl known catherine russia eleven sophia augusta princess small bordering prussia sophia augusta unhappy child born prince princess remember wanted boy learn fine exciting things boys taught thought boy parents loved brother nearing fourteen began talk arranging suitable marriage sophia neighboring looked drab uninteresting future changed family seated dinner messenger arrived letter addressed mother fingers broke open seal read words explicit command imperial majesty inform madame empress desires highness accompanied princess eldest daughter russia soon repair loss place imperial court found empress russia accompanied eldest daughter magical words sophia thought russia exciting strange tremendous land think sophia invited visit empress afternoon hours later letter arrived frederick king prussia
attack enemy unaware indian wilderness hasty order fire sound shots frenchmen sprang guns leader ten fell dead twenty realizing lost surrendered july rainy meadows washington small number virginians waiting reinforcements attacked hundred french indian allies small garrison fort necessity managed hold night young colonel distraught crestfallen turn events obliged surrender french content avenged death comrades asserted carrying return message english merely sign paper agreeing return french territory virginians march home honors war van didn read carefully understood french handed paper colonel sign washington innocence signed paper french words plainly murdered companions humiliating young colonel return williamsburg summer success dimmed defeat fall hurt pride overhear imagine uncomplimentary remarks unjust criticism winter mount vernon add misery george ill bed weeks
light fall snow thomas jefferson mountaintop george washington married george washington nearly twenty january thomas jefferson sixteen young tom home plantation virginia inland chesapeake bay tidewater country foothills blue ridge mountains country father peter jefferson educated young surveyor stake plantation clear forests tobacco fields gentle bride jane randolph father home tidewater country live frontier plantation son thomas grown tall sandy haired freckle faced boy fourteen peter jefferson died leaving plantation boy happened thomas jefferson mountain beautiful mountain round topped wooded loveliest spot plantation warm summer noons sixteen tom friend dabney carr cooked dinner top mountain wild turkey partridges roasted open fire cornmeal hoe cakes baked hot stone fire stamped sit backs oak tree looking valley lounge grass read aloud book fine adventure captain anson voyage favorites
clock struck ten clear clean sunlight switzerland october swept shadow neat orderly room wisp frenchman gray dressing gown velvet nightcap sat propped blue damask pillows huge carved bed writing furiously side bed hung portrait friend king prussia opposite side writer painted fatal visit unpredictable frederick face changed scarcely portrait ten likeness painted thin scornful kindly smile sparkle eyes appeared brilliant quirk head looked moment appeared door chunky bundle letters placing quill stand side bed spread fan shaped speculated quizzically moment inscribed voltaire round firm writing caught eye breaking imperial seal russia read letter empress catherine dated october chance works fell hands stopped reading monsieur thing knowledge owe reading essay history learn page heart history remarkable woman thought
poland strong nations europe grown weak easy prey powerful neighbors ruthlessly torn pieces divided took part dastardly deed catherine russia maria theresa austria frederick prussia catherine merely part plan push russia farther europe don gain lose remark maria theresa wept persuaded part feel shame show face sobbed weak friendless let things course sneered frederick tears ready share admitted act pirates took part entirely guilt stood saw poles partly blame noblemen class poland rich noblemen owned land peasants tilled course merchant jews privileges noblemen belonged diet assembly elect king veto law practically government jealous invited foreigner king nobles realized weakness government wanted reform
viceroy spain worried begged constantly troops mexico protection danger northwest reported english fur traders hudson bay making pacific russians crossed bering strait al ay russia extending fur trading posts western coast appeared high spanish king forts built shore alta california coast line spain explored hundred fifty fortified july energy mexico agent king spain complete charge building forts california desert waste rocks thistles peninsula baja california found governor generous spirited portola head missions slim frail monk junipero serra immediately offered accompany expedition told expected establish forts san diego monterey bay enthusiasm explorer father saint francis mission asked fray junipero serra replied father san francisco wants mission let port found put satisfied fray junipero threw eagerly enlisting required missionaries collecting packing church articles took care provisions expedition
sun rose superior luster ethan allen morning glorious morning dawn young soldier vermont section hampshire army green mountain boys surprised commander fort ticonderoga lake champlain demanded surrender jehovah continental congress exciting morning opening meeting continental congress met east room house john hancock chairman seat looked genteel red velvet suit lace edged ruffles george washington virginia planter attracted attention dressed military uniform showing plainly ready action month battle lexington concord delegates excited believed congress congress ideas delegates benjamin franklin representatives pennsylvania wanted write parliament king try settle matter peaceably john adams massachusetts delegates ready fight wanted try peace prepare war grumbled john adams irritably sword hand olive branch endless arguments discussions fidgeted nervously chair slapped irritably flies flew livery stable door
homeland steppe stretches thousands miles heart europe asia begins wide plains hungary romania europe includes ukraine turkestan east vast areas mongolia manchuria strictly speaking steppe grassland geographers consider grasslands lying intermediate desert zones forest zones earth distinctions consider grasslands eastern europe central asia hungarian steppe actually prairie open plain grasses grow high head prairie country north america prairie surrounded forested hills mountains hungary kind grassland europe east european prairies true steppe contrast prairie steppe land short grasses change seasonally vast mat green crisp dusty expanse varying shades brown north steppe bordered forest lands northern europe siberia located largest cities soviet union sound rainfall scant steppe deserts asia deserts act barriers steppe cultivated regions ancient lands persia mesopotamia china southern margin steppe desert inland seas famous history black caspian aral mighty mountain ranges caucasus hindu kush altai heart steppe country flow enormous rivers celebrated song story volga don dnieper oxus jaxartes
short ago flew borders afghanistan turkestan land ruled russians centuries independent homeland number turkish prosperous land cities samarkand famous centers learning commerce famous uzbeks country soviet republics cities largely westernized disappointment wander streets samarkand motorcars camels factories palaces dull western clothes colorful garb past course true samarkand true help feel sad finding vestige celebrated past night uzbek theater wearing clothes sat chairs arranged semicircle middle stage heads brightly embroidered caps tradition hands musical instruments history drum knee fiddle lute concert musicians started expected hear air resound battle songs epic ballads love poetry uzbeks famous feeling real disappointment music monotonous spiritless singer sang textiles fields grain blessings peace woman dancer twirled traditional garb art certainly fire dancers central asia
shelters light strong readily put yurt famous shelters simply round tent flexible wooden wicker frame covered skins blankets felt shelter warmed fire center smoke passing smoke hole middle roof mats rugs wool hung interior walls rug making celebrated crafts steppe rugs wove intricate designs horses motifs derived form response colors environment weavers dyed creations splendid hues yurts glow flickering light grease lamps cooking fires keeping sufficient quality culture nomadic encouraged special crafts weaver workers leather tanners metalworkers common nomads family able provide needs simplifying truly teeming story things happened course nomadic groups adopt things lived closest civilized lands south apt acquire crafts objects civilization acquired depended civilization contact nomadic inventive peoples grasslands levels culture existence speak steppes
food packaging days sugar flour crackers scooped barrels molasses vinegar drawn kegs bottles jugs provided customer food stored unprotected bins barrels sacks neighborhood drugstore pharmacist concocted cough syrups toothache remedies ointments laxatives hardware goods sold bulk storekeeper weighing quantity customer wanted revolution sales marketing techniques swept country turn century changed food grocery products began packaged individual containers paperboard cartons metal cans glass bottles jars beginning movement cities suburbs war ii triggered golden days packaging industry modern supermarket approximately products exciting packaging commanding packaging lighting check counters package today plays roles product hold contents package protect protect moisture dirt extremes heat cold cases loss flavor fragrance packaging means protecting pilferage case ball point pens ball point pens simply piled counter present open invitation thief easy matter slip pen pocket purse prevent pens blister packed mounted oversize sheet cardboard covered clear plastic bubble blister cardboard big fit shoplifter pocket small toys cassettes tape recorders items blister packed
packaging industry acknowledged question sided folding paperboard carton number comes function package type comes close paperboard nearly product packaged paperboard list includes milks juices cereals baked goods frozen foods candy according paperboard packaging council million paperboard packages paperboard cartons economical easy produce stored displayed efficiently folding carton excellent salesman lends sophisticated modern printing techniques colorful exciting magazine advertisement paperboard cutouts toy airplanes dolls printed carton extra cost paperboard carton countless shapes sizes styles window cut carton front covered transparent film satisfying customer curiosity product inside looks folding cartons based basic construction styles tray style tube style cigarette carton holds ten packages cigarettes layers tray style soaps detergents cookies crackers packaged tube style cartons paperboard ordinary paper heavier thicker rigid types paperboard corrugated fiber boxes known container board type making folding cartons known mill manufacture paperboard established milton massachusetts early paperboard didn begin emerge packaging material late century
prevent produce losing moisture fruits vegetables extremely high moisture content ranges percent left standing room temperature quickly dry wilting shrinking bulk spinach instance begins wilt matter hours packaged bag plastic film spinach retain fresh appearance days advantages fruits vegetables swathed plastic wrap neater attractive displays serves stimulate sales lot impulse buying fruits vegetables says store manager hard shopper resist box strawberries tray grapes glistening wrappers re mouth watering store managers idea makes greater efficiency weighed priced advance sale accomplished shorter period addition advantage flexibility store manager adapt package sizes meet local demands suburbs surrounding york island instance stores sell apples ten pound bags district manager large grocery chain explains york city east side lots unmarried families small stores likely sell apples package seldom apples bags waste store manager recalls customers pick handle produce suffered result end tired look coconuts eggplant bushels things throw happen customers handle film wrapped produce hurt appearance helped cut losses resulted pilferage
october moon bright sea rough strong wind filled sails spanish ships scudding west midnight ships wide awake lined railings perched high rigging keeping sharp watch horizon standing quarter deck flagship commander strained eyes peering anxiously ahead ten weeks passed christopher columbus left spain sailed unknown ocean trying find short route country called indies land rich gold spices times sailors grown discouraged wanted turn columbus persuaded sail seen green branch strange carved stick floating waves think land watching eagerly hoping sight hours dragged suddenly lookouts joyful shout land cried pointing ahead land showing clearly moonlight thin strip land sun columbus sailors stepped ashore white sandy beach dropping knees gave thanks god brought safely vast dangerous ocean curious copper colored watched edge deep green forest columbus planted flag spain firmly sand loud voice claimed island found king queen spain ships money voyage named island san salvador
mayflower pitched tossed lonely ocean blown strong winds west crowded cabins deck women hushed fretful children talked plans left england king let worship god call pilgrims crisp november morning pilgrims sighted land soon mayflower anchored coast cape cod led captain miles standish ashore look place settle days found sheltered harbor sandy beach open space tall trees clear brooks nearby spades axes saws ashore began build shelters worked sharp watch indians terrible sickness killed natives part country earlier indians bother weeks small thatched houses common house finished women children left mayflower live shore late december soon tiny village called plymouth nearly buried snow winter pilgrims icy winds whistled cracks rude houses clams oysters eat ill winter ended half pilgrims dead snow melted buds began swell march morning startled pilgrims saw tall indian walking village street welcome englishmen called loudly welcome
claim land settled stuyvesant told surrender peacefully property help laws fight amsterdam destroyed peter stuyvesant brave soldier wooden leg angrily tore message bits cried die surrender english ordered prepare fight refused want town destroyed governor stuyvesant ruled harshly peter stuyvesant fight english amsterdam dutch colony called netherlands surrendered peacefully names colony town changed york passed english york dutch families england settling villages colonies jersey delaware farther south english settlers clearing land planting crops carolinas england hundred women called quakers getting ready sail america leader wise generous named william penn pilgrims quakers badly treated england religion penn wished found colony worship god crisp fall penn colonists sailed delaware river landed place penn chosen began build homes climate pleasant soil rich quakers hard working thrifty philadelphia settlement soon neat town red brick houses surrounded gardens lawns
bible key puritans england ancient hebrews chosen wilderness small band puritans fighting scores indians david fighting giant goliath remember david won everyday events filled wonderful meanings ministers teachers helped preacher solving bible puzzles england leaders diaries explained meanings judge samuel sewall left diary november wrote son joseph threw brass knob hit sister betty forehead making bleed swell matters worse joseph repent insisted playing prayers actually started eating grace finished judge sewall whipped pretty smartly bed joseph grandmother intervened asking father bedroom forgive naughty son called grandmother sought shadow hide head cradle gave sorrowful remembrance adam carriage behavior judge sewall found bible story fit son misbehavior son acting adam garden eden adam ate forbidden apple tried hide god adam knew evil hide puritans called fall adam children adam easier dangers sin forgive sinners puritans fact big meaning
england quakers strict pacifists opposed war refused fight war reason defense heirs gospel peace george fox early quaker jail fight fox reminded christ kingdom christ told peter put sword sword perish sword thing quakers pacifists england small group peculiar quakers england refused fight jail country defended matter pennsylvania quakers majority ran pennsylvania government till middle eighteenth century ceased majority pennsylvania quakers refused raise army countryside left defenseless precisely happened indians surely pacifists french spanish leading rivals british possession british empire continually entangled wars america english government naturally expected quaker colony bear share war burden quakers stuck pacifism colonial wars spanish privateers sailed delaware river sight philadelphia english government persuade quaker legislature pennsylvania dodges quakers help defend colony violating pacifism quakers pretended giving money feed hungry clothe naked indians silently agreed money defense
members lucky families held office found actually sitting judges cases supposed hear arguments government lawyers colony wide offices local offices families young george washington church justice peace commander militia delegate house burgesses american style aristocracy aristocracy virginia representative government elections elections members house burgesses virginia legislature rough tumble contests modern cities nowadays run office nearly vote colonial virginia organized wrong kind voted elected election friendly occasion george washington ran burgess voter freeholder land technically virginian qualified vote run house burgesses actually dared member tobacco aristocracy campaigning considered silly campaign speech appealing entirely small number friends neighbors known childhood considered solicit votes vote organized political parties usual means persuasion complicated arguments dull statistics trade commerce large quantities barbecued beef pork served rum punch ginger cakes
age interested sex difference boys girls women lovemaking starts babies develop born interested questions sexual behavior feelings sex family inside interest things find difficult admit perfectly normal shouldn person want important universal thing sex human race soon disappear affects important human relationships greatest pleasures parents grownups uncomfortable try talk boys girls sex parents talked adults brought believe sex personal private easy understand hesitate discuss young girl wrote saying difficult information sex parents embarrassed start asking questions told finally courage ask father mother mother busy read book able ask questions express opinions easily easier parents try answer listen opinions give interest sex natural strong don want talk wrong ideas passed
penis hangs sac loose crinkly skin called scrotum testicles testes oval shaped glands inches grown sperm male reproductive cells hangs lower storage place collection half mile tiny tubes millions sperm cells matured pass sperm cell shaped tadpole thin tail small hundred end end inch sperm seen microscope sperm cells travel flexible tube vas deferens duct seminal vesicles small storage pouches prostate gland prostate secretes thick milky liquid mixes sperm mixture called semen stored seminal vesicles prostate upper part vas deferens ready discharged penis start sperm egg cell female sexually stimulated remarkable change occurs penis change called erection caused body quickly sending supply blood spongy tissues limp penis penis grows firm erect increases diameter length commonly inches mature stands body angle ready sexual intercourse chapter
chapter path egg cell ovary chapter read sperm cells discharged penis let explain sperm leaves body enters body woman meets egg process called mating sexual intercourse word coitus speak write woman going bed sleeping sex relations making love referring sexual intercourse common slang words intercourse fuck screw look intercourse dictionary find meaning includes idea exchange communication deeply love intercourse exchange thoughts feelings communicate love intimate joyous couples sexual intercourse times week month feel intercourse preparation minutes half hour couples styles couple kiss embrace caress parts body speak love ways enjoy period woman mind body ready act coitus vagina wet colorless fluid resulting sexual excitement quickly penis erect woman ready enters vagina easily
atmosphere favourable materially psychologically creative achievements booty pouring country half dozen armada defeat enriched diffused wider prosperity london replacing antwerp financial capital northern europe english armies failed repeat formidable military machine triumphs hundred war english navy phenomenon proved match english seamen catching surpassing spanish portuguese pioneers oceanic exploration english language won currency abroad english sterling home broadcasting english bible creating public steeped idiom preparing ranked obscure international status worthy growing power flexibility events shaking englishmen price seclusion catholic europe language nowadays carry undergo healthy discipline meeting foreigner ground country beginning breed proficient modern linguists devotion confidence peril helped carry england trough wave decade reign spain learned counter tactics booty ceased flow war taxation bad harvests lowering spirits dream finally smashing spanish naval power replacing lordship faded queen shared enthusiasm admirals ambitious war aim drake hawkins
sway manor courts purely local county affairs hands county magistrates appointed crown principal landowners parts shire act twos threes deal matters arising hundreds widely dispersed institutions ordinary englishman brought contact daily affairs wider community understand elizabethan england stand single centre scores score reminded tramp english countryside thickly studded today manor houses stately home humble farmstead ruin commonly carry elizabethan date elizabethan porch gatehouse chimney age rebuilding greater security greater wealth building fashions seen abroad created means build homes adapt enlarge eye comfort display protection restless north border raids postponed stage till union crowns sooner gentleman build house give cherish needy charges brought gentry contemporary moralists building programmes affect charities doubted statistics recently published show contrary rising curve charitable reign gentry ranking high benefactors certainly affect purses buildings late asks knight hales contemporary discourse common excessive heretofore doth
landlord peasant alike rural industry provided diversity rural supplement returns land ubiquitous timeless village crafts elizabethan age fully context remarkable extension suitable areas countryside industries serving local needs mining smelting woollens exception developed industries mining tended part normal working estate coal ores lay labourers employed seasonally mine field steward direction enterprise undertaken singly groups working miners immemorial custom licence crown cornish tin lead derby flint coal forest dean elizabethan landlords tending encroach ancient privileges pure industrial capitalist intervening owner minerals actually worked exceptional established mining areas full miner divorced land similarly smelting largely rural industry depending main charcoal sea coal widely dispersed woodland points concentration sussex forest dean carried wake ancient country craft charcoal burner cloth industry novelty elizabeth reign migration skilled workers country districts home weaving spinning widely practised peasant family evening field slack
baggage train roving court formidable sight string pack horses carried tents furniture bedding cooking utensils personal luggage stocks food royal chapel relics candles carefully guarded chaplain jogged royal cavalcade backs couple horses packed unpacked train acquired skilled routine modern circus hands heavy expense manpower royal family nobles travelled king spared personal inconvenience discomfort journeys times exciting scores servants incessant manual type comfort pleasures court privacy yielded permanent place communal living king rarely expected find hangings feather bed daily routine began hands dressing washing preparing occasional bath king duties king tailor cooking dining required servants lived court fed nobles ate fingers king table snatched bolted food corner kitchens festival occasions royal kitchens provided elaborate meals hundreds butler ordered casks wine mead cider beer steward ample supplies beef mutton pork poultry game sorts curlews geese pigeons peacocks
barons richer tenants chief kings domains built castles employed sheriffs held courts churches monasteries regarded possessions ran households estates king employed chaplain hold services act secretary households steward manage estates supply tables chamberlain responsible wardrobes personal effects money join officers staffs common table knights called bachelors lived permanently household knights squires annual tour duty lord baronial halls crowded court round baron board sat dine noisy exuberant distinguished body fighting graced royal table subjects conversation repetitive jest fighting hunting horses hawks essentially military sporting open air physically vigorous society heroes warriors capable exceptional daring strength endurance humoured rough tongued boisterous prolonged bad weather factor closed natural outlet energy emotion moody bad tempered dangerous princes church military aristocratic society late fifteenth century bishops carlisle durham abbots northern religious houses expected lead person local resistance invading scots eleventh century knight professional soldier foot soldier low social rank lived baron household
domesday book paints picture islands cultivation habitation set sea trees moors moss scrub areas east islands crowded north wales considerably sea land suffolk norfolk average fifty square mile crowded counties distribution uneven large parts counties half density yorkshire area covered modern lancashire inhabitants population density tenth south eastern counties despite high birth rate increase population drastically controlled high infant child mortality recurrent plague norman conquest black death period hundred number living england struggled millions slow increase mean mouths feed backs clothe obviously expansion cultivated land pace increase village population generation contribution heavy task reclaiming nearest woodland waste enlarging open fields necessity compelled favourable circumstances invited groups neighbours set felling oak ash beech elm trees digging roots burning bushes grasses levelling ground draining standing water fen areas eastern south west england driving salt water winning land sea
travel outspread panorama renaissance surely drawn cities italy venice florence rome padua bologna verona glories ancient rome greece reborn passing towered gates cities move crowded streets narrow crooked middle ages paved widened palatial mansions streets houses stand tiled roofs windows bars street level mules heavily laden serve trucks dray horses pulling donkeys taxis herding goats streets woman white kerchief cradles goose arms tries avoid stray dog woman floor window draws bundle rope means pulley attached wall head craftsmen shops open street wares displayed counter front church bishop ornamented miter head preaches kneeling worshippers farther cell room teacher instructs pupils sit listening chin hand river foreground picnic party women open boat hanging side cool city gates lords ladies mounted spirited horses trotting hunt
agreed venice enchanting cities beautiful venetians built ramp top highest tower horsemen ride admire view centuries city link east west merchants crusaders pilgrims port traveled ships races faiths met mingled transacted business canals turning land venice float sea actually houses rested pilings logs sunk layers mud sand clay marshy islands lagoon support huge bell tower workmen dug wet ground till reached firmer subsoil laid platforms larch wood passed platforms pilings sank deeper deeper continually raised renaissance buildings venice raised feet important sea venice spring ritual city married adriatic wedding ceremony performed president venetian republic head dazzling aquatic pageant swept lagoon glittering barge gold scarlet open sea deck gondolas shining gold real rulers venice council ten senate nobles ambassadors lands sweating oarsmen toiling decks provided sharp contrast glory outfitted red gold
renaissance age display showcase official venice robes cloth gold occasions put bonnet studded jewels valued ducats half million dollars eating deadly sins middle ages dressing took place wanted belts buckles constantly shapes special guild established provide ornamental belt clasp large child hand pope cape outer garment button master artist size small plate lace venice credited inventing demand gloves shoes underwear nightgowns sixteenth century slept naked women wore early type platform shoe partly clothing dirt partly look taller high wearers avoid falling teeter leaning arm servant wife chief magistrate venice wear gown gold brocade lined ermine train gem studded headdress light silken veil attached enormous diamond pearl brooches gold belt tied front hung feet drama women dampen blazing colors transparent veil black isabella brilliant glamorous mantua italians called lady magnificent king france word asking wax doll dressed exactly show ladies home
won find village knows assured stranger harbor ithaca heard fisherman proved wrong immediately happened late donkey standing waiting foreigner inquired put night clearly delighted introduced miller mill loaded donkey stranger baggage set soon miller learned visitor ithaca dig ruins brought odysseus odysseus began enthusiastically father told adventures turn heard grandfather story handed father son days odysseus return family cherished tale precious possession house ithaca preserved odysseus neighbor sir illustrious neighbor turning deaf ear stranger questions miller gods sorely tested tried finally allowed return home cleverest mortal cunning troy finally destroyed war wanted straight home heroes agamemnon mycenae nestor returned
distance caught sight walls cyclopean blocks stone explored site took measurements stood gazed half ruined gateway sight took breath lintel granite slab weighing twenty tons stands pair stone lions rampant facing heads missing bodies alive pillar stand guard entrance agamemnon fortress eyes open tombs sign boy took treasury atreus lies concealed hillside hundred yards lion gate passage hundred sixty feet walls thirty feet high leads entrance gateway entered lofty room shaped beehive built sheer blocks noticed room square chamber roughly hewn rock narrow communicating doorway allowed light enter inside bare dungeon dark inhospitable cave annoyance discovered matches pocket asked boy bring village assured promised half matches confirmed offer oath agamemnon boy raced village soon returned bundle firewood ten matches fire chamber bats flew corner startled firelight spite searching discovered remarkable
deep trench hundred fifty feet wide places pierced hill twenty shafts sunk remaining parts mound probed greek mining engineer worked australia responsible surveying light vessels shells spinning whorls millstones sharks bones vast quantities stone tools black blocks stone clearing blocks constant problems november took sixty hours shift colossal doorsill ropes rollers stood access rock bottom yield according calculation civil engineer named april hundred fifty cubic yards rubble carted days activity inevitable pottery earthenware figures broken deeper trenches dug greater danger digging stones rolling workmen jump quickly save site terraced supporting walls built workmen charge shoring wall props suddenly caved miracle rescued june earthwork collapsed burying workmen beneath trying bore gallery earthwork lining blocks wood thick planks thousand hundred fifty cubic feet earth stone crashing
elizabethan london hundred thousand inhabitants bradford hull newcastle plymouth beginning stretch wall boundary middle ages line wall traced names ending gate modern map elizabeth gates opened shut wall stood tell grass stones generally bad repair longer fortification ditch outer side valuable part city defences moat medieval castle dry rubbish dump popular place dumping refuse fleet river running hampstead heath enter thames blackfriars bridge stands separated city london royal aristocratic neighbourhood westminster earlier century fleet cleared barges loaded fish coal sail choked section city walls allowed deteriorate surrounded tower london moat full water impossible cross page providing prison important tower housed crown jewels menagerie included lions addition coinage minted consisted silver coins shilling copper shilling gold pounds shillings pence mentioned book remember worth elizabethan times
material house built depend locally smaller houses larger built entirely timber plaster ancestors modern tudor villas beams shallow planks paint stone plenty brick gentleman building house expect medieval houses known boy chimneys big glass windows entrance hall wide wooden stairway leading elegant upper rooms medieval house important upstairs rooms small winding stone stairs led rooms days hall main part house part entrance house goes number rooms dining room library big house gallery elizabethan house hundred visit today trouble look local paper find opening times want find elizabethans lived confine visits houses built elizabeth reign houses begun elizabethan times altered built earlier altered elizabethan owner earlier houses altered possibly called elizabethan thought part elizabethan england easy forget trying picture past age country re equipped beginning reign
perfumes perfumed gloves italy highly appreciated present women carried pocket looking glasses appearance pocket handkerchiefs handbag woman nowadays separated needed elizabeth women pockets dresses carried muffs nearest approach handbag large purse pouch worn spectacles known common chapter houses food furniture dress elizabethans wealthy comfortably lower classes thousands homes rogues vagabonds chief problems elizabeth advisers chapter vii thousands homes sort mean meanly furnished morning raggedly dressed ill fed grimly hard weavers instance cottages workshops cottages room chimneys window hole wall bad weather night difficulty making hole walls mud clay reinforced straw low roof thatched floor soil cottage built furniture consist stools trestle table straw blanket floor served bed
lovely moth hovered oak trees birmingham england white wings lightly speckled black blended uneven bark tree impossible tell oak left moth began invisible moth protected natural enemy birds dark heavy smoke factories birmingham blew trees bark encrusted black soot light colored moth stood bright relief living things adapt order survive changing conditions gradually generation moth color deepened today completely black moth pretty safe sharp beaks birds dark creature darker air pollution grown darker ancestors golden brilliance lighted skies babylonian egyptian empires matter grandparents days sunshine young leaves trees bright green summer early spring stone centuries town hall courthouse soft light gray white shingled houses remained white months look windows gray skies cloudy high airplane eventually find surrounded fleecy white clouds blue sky brightly shining sun
night doctor rushed house house dawn returned home snatch hour sleep awakened noticed horror dark feared exhaustion slept entire morning fog turned black smoke hung heavily air blotted sun car observing sidewalk covered black scum footprints stood white wearily began rounds tired patients worse shape unable catch breath lying spent night sitting armchairs house visited girl standing steps crying pet dog died doctor tired say words comfort pat head evening volunteer fire department donora called give oxygen suffering bitter contrast misery halloween parade marched streets tell spectators masked unmasked faces covered handkerchiefs vain effort smoke nose clock dismal night friday saturday death seventy hour later woman died saturday died eighty barber tried escape foul air hometown
passing air sound odd obviously breathing deeply adult inhales cubic feet air hour caveman similarly today cow ancestor babylonia requires cubic feet air hour animal population increased enormously feeding huge numbers human animal consumers led expansion agriculture acre corn takes carbon dioxide half billion cubic feet air needed breathing learned science class burn true lighted match blast furnace steel oil burner gas furnace heats home demands cubic feet hour power plant electricity community requires cubic feet car consumes cubic feet air tankful gasoline burned run automobile manufacturer set task figuring air motor vehicles united states arithmetic simple studied math multiplying number gasoline annually amount air required staggering total billion cubic feet unfortunately air cars power plants pollutes air question difference makes earth surrounded enormous blanket air
earliest germanic settlers roman empire goths tribes lived originally shores baltic wandered south visigoths settling shores black sea east ostrogoths danube emperor end century gave dacia visigoths understanding cross danube enter roman territory nearly century lived friendly allies rome influenced habits customs roman neighbours middle fourth century visigoths dacia seriously threatened savage enemy coming east appealed rome help enemy tribe asiatic known huns fierce savage thought human hun terrified heard huns invaded dacia defeated king visigoths immediately imploring message roman emperor asking survivors women children allowed cross danube roman empire hoped protection consented roman officers proper protection romans plundered robbed ill treated unfortunate goths firm friends allies romans deadly enemies rebelling cruel unjust treatment received goths rose arms battle fought adrianople defeated roman army slew roman emperor
centuries christianity attitude roman government prevented building churches development christian art fourth century need secrecy churches began built christian worship performed earliest form christian church basilica word basilica greek means house king romans lawcourt roman basilica large oblong building central nave divided side aisles rows pillars end semi circular recess called trials conducted seat judge fourth century type building adapted worship christian church early christian basilica approached porch gave admission open court atrium similar atrium roman house church occupied side court remaining sides surrounded cloister church entered doors aisles interior roman building consisted wide nave aisles side separated marble pillars end middle aisle contained throne bishop seats clergy semi dome decorated mosaics christ glory saints hand altar stood centre raised platform approached flight steps canopy supported marble pillars
teaching paulinus christian wise advised king interested faith offer pagan beliefs denied listening paulinus discussing present king comparison unknown swift flight sparrow room sit supper winter commanders ministers fire midst whilst storms rain snow prevail abroad sparrow say flying door immediately whilst safe wintry storm short space fair weather immediately vanishes sight dark winter emerged appears short space follow utterly ignorant doctrine justly deserve elders king councillors divine inspiration spoke effect later st influence established church north england northern church independent rome middle seventh century controversy broke church south owed allegiance pope churches disagreed customs usages date keeping easter king called order discuss differences strive agreement
sees break roland begins lament ah beautiful thou art clear bright dost thou shine sparkle sunlight ah beautiful holy thou art thy gilded pommel relics thou shouldst possession heathen guardianship christians commits cowardice possess meantime charlemagne hurrying roncesvalles arrived late roland dead army charles roncesvalles begins weep dead finds frenchmen says lords ride slowly ahead sake nephew find festive occasion valiant knights boasting battles furious attacks heard roland speak wise die foreign land outstripped peers face turned enemy country die victoriously baron charles ahead found body roland lying grass saw lamented friend roland god mercy thee saw knight joining battles winning honour begun decline god put thy soul flowers paradise angels thy misfortune hast thou thy lord spain pass feel pangs sorrow thee
romans brought peace order britain built roads established towns education developed trade britain parts empire places small christian communities grown taught britons rule longer protected pax romana fell easy prey invaders north despair petition called groans britons rome begging help barbarians drive sea sea drives barbarians exposed sorts death slain drowned help rome angles saxons leaders tradition called britain help british chieftain drive drove invaders leaving stayed britain turned help saxon chronicle tells summoned tribes help angles desired send assistance worthlessness britons richness land support tribes angles saxons region elbe jutes jutland heathen knew ordered civilization land known famine eager homes britons attempted drive strong
defend coasts alfred built ships sailors teach english knew sailing reorganized army peasants took turns serve farms left alfred set restore education england disturbed general ignorance found clergy north england understand latin service translate letter latin english throne remember south thames knew translate service english order remedy encouraged restoration schools established court order freeborn youth england sufficient means devote thereto set learning strong occupation read english writing let taught latin proposed educate promote higher office alfred ideals shared government task virtuously fittingly administer authority committed administer government fit tools raw material king raw material instruments rule peopled land prayer war tools perform tasks entrusted
st benedict founded monastery monte cassino daughter houses established parts italy parts europe tenth century houses grown lax concerning strict observance rule burgundy number reforms introduced discipline stricter intended monastery withdraw benedictine control order recognized independent benedictine monastery founded burgundy century earlier centre reform stricter observance rule admitted monastery young noble called bernard attracted monastic ideal definite steps entering monastery returning expedition duke burgundy left companions entered church prayed tells storm tears stretching hands heaven pouring heart water presence god lord intention heart remained firm bernard underwent severe discipline monastery human health suffered abbot head monastery founded daughter house rule known today st bernard soon chief monastery cistercian order st bernard abbot strict sympathy understanding monks inspired enthusiasm order represented
originally feudal fiefs granted degrees customary death vassal grant fief son heir land hereditary heir succeeded heavy fees demanded overlord homage paid vassal paying homage ceremony vassal protection overlord took oath allegiance invested land bareheaded unarmed vassal knelt lord hands hands lord declared lord kissed raised feet vassal took oath fealty swearing true loyal harm lord person family honour act fealty investiture lord gave vassal twig stick glove symbol fief passed possession england vassals paid homage lord directly received land result greatest lords dukes counts overlords vassals large numbers england landowner paid homage directly king estates held baron generally parts country form feudalism introduced england william conqueror vassal king france result english barons powerful feudal princes continent private war carried
knight eldest son duties obligations home young knights opportunities service accompanied squires attach lord older knight follow expeditions set search adventures forests clear outlaws robber barons defy roads damsels distress needed help deliverance jousts tournaments knight errant wandering nights called welcomed try skill knights knight errantry involved discomforts true knight taught face gaiety heart galloping trotting leaping riding vigils privations fatigue henceforth errantry pastime armed wood iron steel endure heat cold frost scattered meadows dwelling place serve place love songs maintain weak strong knights faithful vows live highest ideals chivalry false knight held contempt poetry song knightly virtues lament sir morte arthur picture characteristics true knight ah thou head christian knights thou thou matched earthly knight hand thou knight bare shield thou truest friend lover horse thou truest lover sinful loved woman
giraffes range africa south sahara desert preferring dry open wooded areas tree dotted plains browse trees bushes cross large grassland areas reach belt trees giraffe habitat includes kinds country grasslands thornbush east africa immense belt savanna grassland scattered trees stretches africa mid continent bushveld belt dry thornbush stretches angola south west africa botswana rhodesia south africa distribution affected spreading populations agriculture herding cattle goats sheep fencing land poaching activities killing sport control disease classification taxonomy natural relationships living things known animal anatomy physiology traces animal left fossil record taxonomist tools living mammals classified eighteen orders order toed mammals giraffes belong fourth digits toes elongated terminal bones digits encased cloven hoof broad crowned cheek teeth ridged grinding surfaces characteristic cud pigs peccaries hippopotamus camels llamas tiny cud subgroup called upper incisor teeth hard gum pad deer giraffes antelopes buffaloes cattle sheep families living giraffes living members family giraffes scientific
natural exceptions rule giraffe spot pattern trends northern giraffes subspecies listed generally spotting lower legs giraffe spotted knee southern giraffes darker colored legs spotted hoofs median horn tends conspicuous male giraffes southern subspecies exceptions living giraffes belong single species interbreed zoos led confusion spot patterns parent giraffes parts africa africa giraffes area exhibit varied spot patterns herd giraffes observed northern kenya giraffe narrow network pattern liver colored geometrically shaped spots giraffe expects giraffe brown oak leaf spot pattern tawny masai giraffe found southern half kenya giraffes intermediates large spots similar giraffe lighter color notched outline background color tawny white giraffes interbreed giraffes neighbors west giraffes seen ranges overlap characteristics subspecies anne innis study eighteen giraffes bred original giraffes park zoo sydney australia supplies evidence giraffes inherit color number position shape spots someday spot analysis study giraffes aid unraveling tangle giraffe subspecies number spots total area spots shape spots considered
giraffe skull highly specialized large ruminant standards overcome problem bony weight development air sinuses extensive sinuses occupy upper part giraffe skull skull size light sinuses formed nasal frontal parietal bones skull grow filled thin lamellae leaves bone sinuses occupy dead spaces resulted disproportionate skull growth course giraffe evolution sinus formation occurs mammals generally larger skull greater areas invaded air foot skull giraffe weighs twenty pounds astonishing range skull weights determined anne innis studies fifty giraffe skulls museums found skulls male giraffes considerably heavier females times heavy male giraffe skulls averaged twenty pounds females half pounds male giraffe horns spongy bone texture unlike female horns halfway cylindrical lengths horns male giraffes average inches circumference average circumference female horns male fondness indulging matches accounts sexual differences giraffe skulls bouts called head slamming necking head hitting commonly staged contests herd giving receiving head stimulates deposition bone increases skull weight male giraffe skull massive bony bumps develop skull
volumes thicker written vikings remains mystery origin viking scholars agree originate scandinavians victims peoples villages castles monasteries raided victims borrowed norse word meant pirate vikings certainly considered pirates raided explanation deal logic true english sources ninth century referred norse word appears pirate sailor explanations viking english word meant encampment building temporary camps common practice raiding vikings idea logical theory states viking derived norse vic means creek inlet proponents view point viking raiders hugged shoreline creeks inlets agreement vikings reached happens discussing vikings informed guess follows informed guess minds choice matter true origin viking vikings exist sure facts vikings succession raiders conquerors
began small town passed grew important trading center homes warehouses workshops facilities ship goods south northerly sections scandinavia growth towns dependent peaceful conditions trade overcome obstacles rarely flourishes places merchants constant fear warehouses broken property possessions destroyed vikings raid foreign nations chose protect norse market towns home grown bandits foreign raiders meant strong central government force powerful rules peace talking meant monarchy surprise find power early norse kings apparently centered towns rural scandinavians clannish family centered comparatively isolated sufficient easily controlled merchants dependent king keeping peace farmers large landowners fought king war loyalties lie clan families sense honor fact records telling family feuds viking lords kings towns matter king bring merchants artisans lay strong set laws insure safety set system taxation money collected taxation power norse kings gradually increased
precisely formed unique teutonic temperament differed cold climate peoples say drive urge expand conquer remain mystery pinpoint technological accomplishment allowed later teutons vikings explorers turned mastery craft ship design scandinavia early days viking era norsemen distance sections europe shipbuilding navigation course boats living close sea dependent fishing large part food supply fair assumption vikings built boats sort archaeologists strengthened assumption finding stone age fishing implements heavy fishhooks harpoons obviously boats sea primitive northern boats order ride waves stress offshore waters light strong naturally watertight primitive class vessel fulfills requirements skin boat conclusion backed stone age rock carvings found northern norway boats pictured carvings skins animals stretched frame look fairly idea typical primitive norse skin boat
negroes west scattered western hemisphere importation slaves beginning sixteenth century estevanico spanish slave west coast morocco member unfortunate party hundred explorers landed tampa bay series party lost estevanico master companions marooned texas coast enslaved indians spent freeing making texas mexico frontiers spain told stories heard cities cibola reports directly responsible coronado expedition estevanico continued explorations discovered pueblos mexico killed hundred later negroes negro indian families helped found largest city west settlement established grow food military called el pueblo de nuestra senora la de los negroes descendants negroes literally families los settlers spanish colonies mexico negroes took part american exploration west lewis clark commanded official attempt extend geographical knowledge continent negro clark slave named york accompanied expedition hoisted sail mouth missouri river returned crossed rocky mountains pushed mouth columbia river
east nueces river vaqueros taught cowboys operate heavy coastal brush wild cattle ranged bleak rough country nearly wild roughest cowboys easier ranges hunted wild cattle catch dogs neck oxen dogs trailing baying cattle neck oxen leading roped outlaws cowboys brush country rode roped wild cattle scrub thickets led roped occasionally negro cowboy spared dangerous valuable property owner protected white bronc busters frequently hired ride bucking outlaw horses sat dangerous saddles taking shocks bucking bleeding nose mouth fainting risking rupture mutilation death expensive negroes watched corral fence abel shanghai pierce white cowboy greatest early cattlemen nineteen hired bradford grimes bronc buster grimes ranch paid fifteen dollars month grimes owned number negro cowboys wild unbroken horses grimes pierce working negro crew cowhands started break unruly stallion negro roped abel pierce held horse head horse saddled negro cowboy mounted horse released high jumps spinning jolting rider according account high pitched voice called ranch house bradford bradford put abel bad uns
negro cowboys sanctions fell heavily negroes cowboys held defined place early established social economic hierarchy cattle outfit feudal organization chief demanded personal loyalty larger outfits organized military precision foremen lieutenants top hands noncommissioned officers unit tightly organized operating vacuum negro cowboy welcomed hand top hand rarely foreman jim perry worked twenty rider roper cook vast ranch damned black face boss divisions ago white cowboys rode agreed saying doubt lacking upward mobility current jargon negro cowboy resembled negro cavalryman trooper noncommissioned officer whites negro cowboy differed cavalryman outfit integrated whites negroes working eating living working living rough cattlemen returned civil war find millions cattle scattered plains lurking brush hidden war hundreds thousands calves grown wild cows longhorned bulls unclaimed untamed dangerous rounded slaughtered hides tallow
roam alf beadle experience negro horse wrangler pecos river waking early morning bob wrangler found horses missing later morning crew woke find bob horses hours later find twelve miles river finally tracked horses chisholm trail fortunate working rugged country trans pecos texas faced recurrent threats indians natural wild country indians interested horses cattle happy steal natural hazards included horses half broken mean occasional wolf taste horseflesh rattlesnakes spook horses worse bite wrangler spent afoot member crew possibly cook bitten expect rough treatment early seventies negro wrangler named dick wagon sucking thumb hand arm badly swollen cowboys immediately drew knife gashed thumb fang marks opened pistol cartridge poured powder wound lighted match dick survived bite treatment surprisingly survived labors trail drives dawn tending driving horses duty moment night herder cut horse remuda horses hobbled wrangler expected rope wood gather chips fire help cook load unload chuck wagon wash dishes
greatest force pushing drives west kansas settlers tired crops trampled herds longhorns threw fences clamored laws drives kansas legislature moved quarantine line west wipe wichita ellsworth market centers texas cattle trail drives turned western kansas plains dodge city drivers chisholm trail indian nations crossing river cut northwest dodge typical herded cattle chisholm trail dodge city cutoff george henry bought herd fifteen hundred steers dallas hired cook cowboys began drive north days rode settled country moving herd narrow poorly fenced roads st jo small texas town twenty miles south red river country opened steers graze storm night dark object seen herd morning trail crew began rounding scattered cattle taking harris negro hands trailed bunch straight lane closed corral found cattle found dozen lined fence cattle asked farmer claimed steers trampled cornfield backed friends demanded fifty dollars damages release herd
grudge fight cruel bloody affair fights held simply contests gladiators fought money contest called negro freighters held front street dodge borrowed heavy whips harness shop toed marks began fighting fifty cents prize money championship snapping whips sounded pistol shots stroke cut deep flesh blood flowed dust flew crowd cheered policeman joe mason suspended cheerful exercise kind entertainment eddie theatrical troupe playing dodge city compete violence murder frequently considered entertaining dodge amused cattleman named took shotgun gunning trail boss trail boss saw ducked saloon icebox riddled shotgun blast failed kill tried convicted murder trail boss murdered negro cook drive dodge knew took rode trail dug body negro dead weeks weather warm chopped head body brought dodge accused trail boss murder macabre action turned legal farce head introduced evidence bullet hole skull admitted proof violent death defense argued part body produced court assumed jurisdiction reason courts countries assume jurisdiction parts body
goodnight loving planning drive hard trip permit think trying run calf wagon kill calves drive bawling mothers trail herd worst job fell negro cowboy jim fowler morning goodnight gave cowboy shooter told shoot calves dropped night hands drove cows bed ground end drive cows hobbled prevent going look calves fowler job killing calves morning worse drowning kittens finally asked goodnight shooting busy fowler acting unwilling butcher goodnight understanding worries spend fate calves sympathizing executioner goodnight loving knew hard drove headwaters middle difficulty paused let herd drink fill fresh water prepare dry stretch ahead began drive eighty miles desolate wasteland pecos river tried pace restless herd driving late afternoon early morning hoping save strength cattle thirsty animals bed merely milled cowboys found easier drive continuously goodnight led guiding point riders loving stayed drag saving animal
negroes mexico lucky lincoln county war ended territory remained dangerous quarrels frequently settled guns negro cowboys fought cowboys white negro set pistols drawn shooting white cowboy remained quarrelsome killed evening match white later cowboys cattle ranch san miguel county disagreed george withers wantonly provocation shot killed george jones colored denver tribune reported withers captured judge lynch doubtless job field farm reported death negro cowboy accompanied report moralizing colored cowboy named lawson employed home land cattle company bad indian nation shot killed officer trinidad monday night gambling institution gun play killed cowboy keeping reputation reports entertaining usual generally cowboy worst racket successful bad pictured successful cowboys stuck cattle business staying saloon range wars nigger frank spent lifetime wrangling horses john cowboy left
east tonto basin town st johns settled solomon took mexican wife soon leader sheep raising mexican american community brothers constructed dam irrigation ditches prospered town grew peace disturbed arrival texas greer family established large cattle horse ranch immediately conflict broke mexican cattle scattered greer crews rode sheep camps shooting scattering flocks mexicans reinforcements mexico hired additional cowboys white negro texas conflict settled uneasy truce mexicans controlled town st johns seat apache county favored american territorial government judiciary fight temporary june st john baptist patron saint st johns mexican community planned fiesta complete feasting bullfight special invitation dick greer inviting bring cowboys telling cattle sale cheap greer cowboys soon found fiesta program included bullfight ambush seeing slowly surrounded armed mexicans cowboys began edge horses mexicans moved cut cowboys reached horses hi hatch wounded shooting helped town cowboy
temples priests collected immense number records showing positions constellations catastrophes occurred earlier times reasonable suppose constellations similar positions events occur plague grow worse group stars part sky abate group moved liver sheep curious markings obtaining information organ priests studied sheep sacrificed altar blood part body seat thought mysterious abode clay chart typical liver variation pattern liver examining served inform coming evil fortune patient epidemic ordinary sickness told priests prognosis stars examination sheep liver times course treatments omens failed custom carry sick street passer look give advice telling sickness kind called scientific approach practice medicine sumerians centuries passed valley lay rivers priests called gods help suffering expected sick injured grew died believing offended deities prayed
lived golden age greece written contemporaries mention hippocrates lived cos traveled widely period died thessaly known hippocrates legend greatness brilliance thought brilliance comes directly kind reflected light single book single page written hippocrates remains read ideas clearly put teaching practicing disciples careful notes collected preserved translated languages quoted discussed body notes known today hippocratic corpus claimed hippocrates hippocrates meant ideas set hippocratic corpus ideas original courageous spoken greeks hippocrates looked scornfully dusty feet making temple religious believe sickness cured sleeping temple praying gods sickness gods sickness physical basis material sickness find cure disease
galen reputation soared rich women consult physicians rome jealous matter busy treating patients making speeches writing wrote hundred twenty medical subjects suddenly left rome knows messenger brought invitation serve physician marcus emperor accepted marcus death court physician emperor commodus commodus murdered emperor emperors interesting patients gladiators galen lecturing writing studying investigating piling sum knowledge errors passed later generations died reign emperor wonder end accomplished influence quoted authority fifteen hundred death thing experimental physiologist teachings hippocrates deductions dissections human body forbidden dissected apes swine clever inferences deductions wrong brilliantly physician needs study anatomy architect needs follow plan understood circulation blood distinguished nerves carry sense impressions brain control movements
arts north american indians attained degree sophistication diversity generally unrecognized fine pottery southwest realize tribes southeast gulf areas bottles decorated pots complex stamping painting engraving generally known indians lakes area metal tools produced creeks elegant copper plaques embossed eagle designs silverwork southwest known kiowa iroquois buy navajo rugs fine weaving northwest coast lakes tribes beautiful woven bags sashes loom arts indians unique porcupine quills moose hair embroidery manner unequaled parts utilized bone shell antler bark skill tribes chipped ground stone tools ornaments fine accomplishments understanding indians natural environment knew respected resources nature endless variety raw materials produce variety culture patterns greatly admired truly appreciated arts skills techniques employ making tools implements ornaments include methods gathering preparing raw materials processes converted utilitarian decorative ceremonial objects techniques painting carving embroidering stamping decorate making object requires knowledge arts speak art weaving art stone chipping art preparing leather
pottery making north american indians basic techniques coiling modeling paddling combined start wet tempered clay pot built drying polishing decorating firing basically techniques coiling ancient pueblos pottery wet hands potter pots clay pancake size bottom pot set inside shallow bowl basket thick coil clay rolled carefully laid rim pancake coils added slightly overlapping coiled layer firmly pinched layer beneath adhere building pot starts coils spiral upward potter squeezes thumbs fingers thins coils thickness finished pot cracks coils smoothed turns pot walls rise potter slopes outward shaping pot goes slowly potter works pots walls dry curved curved pieces gourd shell potter inside curving wall left hand held inside pot small bowl shaped sitting base large water jars ollas set harden top added modeling paddling technique cherokee eastern tribes yuma arizona large clay pancake laid bottom inverted jar serves mold
san juan favors polished red upper parts lower part tan recent wares incised lines red pink painted buff acoma pottery thin hard white yellow brown slip geometric motifs parrot birds designs typical bases traditionally dark red brown modern potters copy prehistoric designs zia slips white yellow buff varied designs black red yellow naturalistic deer spirals enclosing leaf sprays slender stylized birds bowls plain red slipped interiors bases red broken edges show brick red core santa ana longer makes pottery pottery distinguished massive red designs outlined black gray white slip zuni pottery distinguished chalk white slip large designs painted brown black touches bright red shown large bowl brushwork tends casual principal motifs large scrolls edged triangles large rosettes scalloped edges deer white red heart lines frogs modeled relief tadpoles dragonflies rain symbols common jars band neck carries pattern body bowls especially ceremonies stepped terraced rims painted owl figures sale hopi pottery revived nampeyo woman mesa copied fine pottery dug prehistoric hopi ruin potters developed ware resembling ancient black orange white designs slip cream yellow white orange dark red motifs show highly conventionalized birds kachinas masks
horse practiced shooting wolves searching landscape buffalo cried let pointed black specks slowly crossing ridge distant sand hill leaped saddle joined guide pursuit beasts short gallop hills found land changing swiftly bleak sand covered clumps grass harsh plants sky darkened clouds buffalo disappeared quarter mile distant appeared line walking single file animals unaware dismounted began crawling ground carried rifle unskilled left hold horses sight heard sharp reports rifles fired swiftly returned rode crest hill buffalo lay beasts rifle balls lungs dusk storm beginning lash gorges ravines struggled clumsily help guide carve choicest parts meat dead animals admired envied older skill dreamed able bring buffalo days later buffalo hunt separated guide companions expedition riding pursuit huge buffalo bull managed force horse yards galloping beast close smell sweat blackened moisture tongue lolled nearly foot creature jaws
sea otter special traits nature sporting surf playing hide seek hunting food spends lazily floating paws tucked chest flippers stubby tail curled upward belly island kelp makes soft mattress dozing otter stormy weather wrap strands kelp drifting security kelp bed sharks killer whales balk pursuing otter green brown slippery jungle sea otter float vertical position elongated brown cork enemy top head bulging black eyes visible times lifts paw shades eyes sun peering palm human characteristic sea otter seemingly human quality mammals tool favorite foods menu include fish crabs cuttlefish clams spiny sea urchins hard shells difficult open break sea otter solves problem diving ocean bottom clutches flat rock paws surface turns places rock chest stomach bangs shellfish rock cracks open female sea otter affectionate mothers mammal kingdom baby sea otters born april coats grayer brown parents
captain lewis run tried insert charge muzzle rifle companion frantically weapon seventy eighty yards bear pursued lewis animal severely wounded run swiftly rifle reloaded lewis stopped turned aimed rifle ball struck beast shaggy form managed stay upright hunter fired bear dropped rolled lay approached warily studied grizzly fully grown weighed hundred pounds tusks open mouth talons paws evidence creature want bare handed days later lewis clark expedition encounter grizzly bear wolf point montana captain clark fellow hunter patrolling area vicinity missouri river expedition canoes landed evening met largest grizzly seen fired rifle balls whizzing home giant creature gave roar turned ran fired striking shaggy beast rifle balls passed bear lungs pierced parts body spite bear reached wide river plunged swam halfway managed struggle sandbar sprawled breathing defiant twenty minutes shuddered stillness according records expedition bear measured feet half inches weighed estimated hundred pounds
continuing balloon flights development airplane increasingly contributed knowledge learned air atmosphere thinner higher altitudes finally thin offers resistance objects passing learned survive space protection high high airplane balloon began dream means propulsion rely atmospheric oxygen pressure montgolfier brothers wright brothers developed carriers operate successfully atmosphere modern set developing vehicles reach perform successfully strange space found vehicles boosted rockets rockets depend atmospheric oxygen burn fuel rockets principal means boosting vehicles space seriously plan venturing space solve number anticipated problems beginning developing vehicle physically leave earth return unharmed russians put satellite sputnik orbit earth beating united states satellite explorer months united states solve half problem recovering vehicle occurred august air force discoverer capsule fished sea hawaiian islands earth orbiting discoverer satellite united states nation catch space capsule mid air triggered space satellite
appeared logical weightlessness force animal lose physical perspective directly affect mental ability coordination perform required physical mental tasks operation space vehicle words perform efficiently sense balance tended float effect mental processes condition produce equal disorientation mind big questions inspired dr henry associates press animal space program knew questions answered wise commit ride rocket flight mouse marked end experiments hitch hiking scientists thumb rocket series ride fortunately program rocket research series direction cambridge research center gave lift free flight fixed fin stabilized high altitude sounding rocket designed carry highly important scientific experiments requiring measurements upper atmosphere fired december april approximately months mouse flight animal space program begin flying problem confronted design recovery capsule house animal animals comfort provide room instrumentation photographic equipment unit designed erich master instrument maker worked dr henry series contributed improving animal capsule
finally blasting sound solid propellant boosters kicked sled suddenly speed mph saw jet fighter flying track couple hundred feet altitude taking motion pictures run actually passed sled wind blast hitting recorded pounds square foot onset forces peak registered means body moment weighed pounds expect showed obvious effects ride strap bruises usual blood blisters grains sand suffered extremely painful effects eyes entered water brake section track vision shimmering salmon sensation eyes extraction molar anesthetic left black eyes painful bruises irreversible injuries sad looking sight happy survived fantastic ride confirmed withstand wind blast times speed sound feet translated mph feet mean sea level found stand duration forces fairly high amplitude ride give air force doctor measure popular renown fastest earth sudden emergence national hero called appearance number tv shows portrait appeared cover magazine
bug killer advertisement began guaranteed kill kinds harmful insects simple operate send dollar handy bug killer rushed supposedly gardeners farmers responded advertisement appeared magazines ago bug killer arrived consisted blocks wood directions place insect block hit block story true reminds searching easy ways end pest problems war pests thousands small number living things earth considered pests organisms harm health food property environment humans plant pests called weeds grow don want competing sunlight water minerals plants costly pests animal pests include rats mice insects deer damage forests fruit trees crops plentiful insects abundant animal pests estimated million species insects earth tiny fraction species known harmful interests eat damage amounts food species carry malaria sleeping sickness encephalitis human diseases diseases affect livestock pets times weapons pests simple blocks wood farmers recall walking rows potato plants killing potato beetles rows cotton picking buds infested young weevils save crop
chapter silent spring called road rachel carson methods controlling pests wrote common biological solutions based understanding living organisms seek control fabric organisms belong methods called biological controls scientists apply term natural enemies pests predators animals kill animals food parasites organisms live organisms hosts pathogens substances organisms disease broadest sense term biological control includes pest control method poisons success depends information pest biology ecology dr arthur studies diseases insects department agriculture says biological controls analogous picking criminal crowd rifle lasting pesticides spraying crowd machine gun fire order biological controls pests idea ancient china citrus growers nests predatory ants groves believed ants reduced numbers leaf eating insects date growers yemen reportedly scientists study insects noticed pest populations check natural enemies united states entomologist asa fitch suggested pests brought accidentally country controlled natural enemies brought wrote received evil remedy
brunswick studies annual growth rings trees showed numbers spruce rose sharply damaged evergreen trees slowing growth population outbreaks lasted insects scarce periods outbreaks pattern allowed continue population declined stayed low massive spraying begun intervening continued number remained high damage forests spraying killed pest natural enemies scores cases harmless aphid scale mite creature major pest reduced natural controls happens growers stronger harming environment increasing likelihood pest outbreaks modern farming methods reduced chances pests check enemies hundreds acres planted single crop weedy patches brushy fencerows eliminated refuges insect eating birds natural controls plant eating insects parts california san joaquin valley cotton planted acre sections condition appeals pest insects cotton crops exist plowed vast stretches land treeless plant farming grand scale huge fields crop provide pests plentiful food egg laying sites
high mt tom western massachusetts curious stone big granite boulder resting ledge rock looking giant picked set boulder belong mountain ledge rests kind rock boulder plucked spot transported place visitor mt tom boys girls clamber picnic bird eye view checkerboard fields farms giants big carry stone exist story books actually granite boulder mt tom matter transported boulders dot northern part united states level york city big house weighing thousands tons perched ledges rock boulder peculiar stone trace place ten twenty miles lower level proving boulder actually carried hill riddle sure lived days american revolution boulders wouldn puzzled nearest natural scientist answer boulders noah flood waters living creature drowned beasts birds ark tossed rocks
slowly slowly canyon grain grain rock mountain range miles job stream frost rain wind powell knew small part wearing spot examined oldest rocks deep canyon seen cardboard layers rocks tilted stood end cracks cracks filled kind rock powell recognized looking roots mountains mountains higher layers colorado cut mountains disappeared rest beaten enemy worn slowly slowly frost rain wind leveled plain roots mountains layer powell found wonder remains layers laid top mountain roots layers entirely disappeared powell judged thick feet thick height layers colorado traces swept yes happened supposed grand canyon scenes spot small piece america play acted
bone important important knew marsh wrapped care took haven study looked bone books brought europe bone flying reptile mind eye marsh saw creature finger bone huge wasn heavy bones hollow thin couldn weighed twenty pounds reptile teeth marsh decided fed fish wing span twenty feet greatest flying creature seen grew thoughtful read marsh winged dragon pteranodon recalled fairy stories read flying dragons brave youths rescued beautiful maidens bones proving marsh americans wondered story birds teeth kansas chalk front page news heard bird teeth didn joke say rare hen teeth absolutely true marsh birds kansas chalk definitely teeth respects smaller birds pretty sea gulls knew big bird rare feet beak toe tip ninety sharp teeth mouth marsh called western bird western bird diver swimmer couldn couldn fly wings tiny bone wings generally
arrived scandinavia found place norway sweden denmark today shape fact visible norway sweden buried deep immense ice cap greenland today ago ice began retreat summer summer glaciers ice sheets melted winter winter grew grew melted melted retreated spread layer layer clay studying layers geologists able trace map receding ice marks ice printed face scandinavia immense weight moving slowly irresistibly planed tops granite mountains left large areas today plants footing bare scraped rock broken debris mountaintops rolled crushed millions tons ice reduced rounded boulders small gravel fine clay ice left desolate landscape lifeless empty buried deep beneath mass broken debris melting ice torrents muddy water flushed vast quantities clay gravel spread land torrents cascading ice cliffs scooped gullies ravines moraines riding backs glaciers deposited ridges gravel snaking miles waterlogged land provide natural highways animals soon arrive scene
reindeer hunters apparently axes thousand later reindeer hunters jutland making axes reindeer antlers sharpening tines branches cutting edge sort axe killing game felling trees soon improved mounting sharpened flint antler modern axes extremely efficient convenient shape antler originated gradually reindeer hunters ventured farther farther scandinavia process slow took ice retreat central sweden reindeer moved denmark pine forests spread land sweden hunters stayed denmark forced learn tricks reindeer livelihood depended place pine forests swarming animals habits learned animals bigger dangerous elk bigger horses wild cattle size modern bull herds red deer hunters wandered dry shod bottom north sea summer camps found star carr yorkshire coast scarborough actual bows strong found danish bog harpoons fished trawler bottom north sea seen castle museum found wooden paddles floors huts
knows builders similar tombs exist atlantic coasts europe britain biggest ireland idea certainly originated mediterranean lands tombs coming religion spread seafaring missionaries built colonists looking live prospectors looking metals settle denmark metals possibly traders metal knows barrows numerous denmark southern sweden farther north types fact danish invention spread norway land stone baltic finland study remain mystery dating doubtful nearest say built thousand bc bc things obvious tombs sort built large numbers working team trouble felt settled home place ceasing wander beginning settle villages surprising villages recently discovered excavated archaeologists clusters simple huts imagined neolithic village denmark contained houses feet road shorter ran wide stone paved road
tremendous personalities traumatic unforeseen events helped shape russia destiny rise western europe characterized continuity russia opposite discontinuous erratic lurching remains remarkable story early princes czars knights villains romantic taste single towering figure peter truly called hero russia youth hero millions spread empire stolid survival face woes brought nature form brightest chapters history human spirit nature geography respects served russia harshly eights modern russia vast bulk lies cold latitudes north line marking united states canadian border russia climate agriculture flourished cold russian winter proverbial overstressed fletcher wrote frost look abroad winter face countries bears wolves issue troupes woods rivers waters frozen bitterness winter tempered western europe gulf stream east west mountain chains prevent ferocious winds sweeping arctic ocean deep southern russia siberia southern borders russia range mountains north south line urals traditionally line dividing europe asia
probable writer chronicle greatly exaggerated terror byzantium slavs called tsar ruler city oleg manage secure trade treaty emperors leo alexander late ninth mid centuries kievan rulers assaulted byzantium times occasion fighting inconclusive ended trade treaty oleg treaty bore names karl gunnar roster norsemen supreme kievan russia dominance temporary eventually slavs absorbed trace later absorb foreign elements reference chronicle appears date cultural legacy nil survives words tales chronicle account oleg death according story transplanted directly norse folklore oleg warned sorcerer death caused horse stable oleg rode horse approach saw cared ultimately horse died oleg rode place bare bones skull lay dismounting horse laughed remarked supposed receive death skull stamped skull foot serpent crawled skull bit foot consequence sickened died rapidly norse influence waned seen names oleg successors generations grand prince kiev line called tells story
baltic strong enemies pagan catholic swedes teutonic knights crusading order organized holy land later transferred region present prussia swedes july invested mouth river attempted block novgorod access sea prince novgorod alexander met river crushed winning title immortalized russian history alexander teutonic knights convinced mission russia marched novgorod approached close lake alexander took stand battle fought april melting ice broad lake teutonic knights heavily armored cavalry broke lines brilliant flanking maneuver obtained tactical advantage routed pursuing miles ice broke beneath hundreds drowned profited examples swedes germans nonetheless attemped attack similarly routed alexander victories accomplished price knew fruitless stand mongols peace acknowledging dealt christian enemies forced journey volga humble kahn agreed permit alexander remain prince novgorod condition pay tribute mongols impressed courage later established grand prince russia
doubt egyptian ships built vessels considerable size beginning pyramid age stone brought water nile boats nile valley simply floats reeds tied bundles sort present gradually reed bundle boats shipshape eventually remote period wooden boats pattern introduced wooden boats construction seeing egypt land badly large timber method building means keel ribs planks developed canoes scooped single tree rate easy egypt egyptians built boats short narrow pieces wood pinned sideways gave keel depended strength thick sides strong fastenings shape hulls overhang end partly due copied reed bundle boats partly convenience loading unloading running end bank river apparently boats shown fig monument belong kinds building lower evidently material lashed droop bow suggests flexible upper looks stiffer sign
superseded vessels powerful types built greeks syracuse sicily soon athenians soon galleys classes fifteen consider classes meant rowers arranged matter fairly simple agrees oar matter arranging oars reasonably agrees evidence coming banked galleys subject difficult admitted studied subject produced simply adding row row oars thing rows simply incredible idea ten banked ship ten oar stage rows oars reached method classification changed altogether number sets oars counted reasonable theory galleys classed number set oars instance oars arranged sets oar suppose put oars top row set vessel add middle oars result set oars
ancient mediterranean ships actually put say phoenicians greece rome depend casual references literature ships built keel ribs ships built resemblance respect ships ancient egypt stem keel curved ends deck level sense sudden angle ends keel true claimed keel including curves end single piece wood curved parts separate straight keel joined stem special names keel planking put fashion edge plank edge overlapping northern built vessels hold planks wooden tongues let held wooden pins driven planks fasten planks ribs bronze nails details seen fragment roman vessel found digging foundations london county council hall south side thames westminister bridge preserved london museum call roman evidently roman builders coins found show dates britain roman rule certainty built purpose
elizabeth england greatest queen short live left london residence whitehall christmas river journey richmond palace arrived midst chilling january downpour waited remarkable mind perfectly aware failing health sharp glance missing monarchs history chosen die treasures kingdoms piled high elizabeth commanded distinguished company players entertain lord chamberlain arrived palace gates february troupe known actors assistants end lofty hall set platform stage musicians sounded flourish brilliantly costumed queen feasted eyes dramatic spectacle weeks later died era ended william shakespeare senior member lord chamberlain fully aware honor elizabeth bestowed troupe richmond previous occasions forty risen prominence preceding decade live enjoy triumphs decade ahead london bells tolled sad news queen death considered blessings reign brought sharp memories flashed mind childhood stratford early days newcomer london building famous globe theatre part owner lively contacts manner women writers today recreate scenes past accuracy thanks shakespearean scholarship tradition
content plays changing shakespeare born places presentation church street innyard players longer amateurs professionals formed companies living craft summer touring players stratford eventually doubt young shakespeare saw performances possibly visited twenty miles home annual mystery play revivals staged huge crowd neighboring shakespeare twelve acting companies earl warwick earl worcester stratford later distinguished acting company patronage earl leicester town protect persecution city town authorities puritanical leanings held actors disrepute acting companies sought patronage noblemen exchange patronage protection noblemen enjoyed private performances halls homes city authorities london issued edict threatened snuff touring companies stratford terms edict actors actual servants nobleman tour counter ban members earl leicester company letter patron urgent plea requested license certify household servants occasion travel friends noblemen players request granted actors free tour
scenery theatres equipped elaborate facilities assist staging plays designing theatre allowed levels actors bottom trap doors built floor stage doors open actor standing platform stage level play scene episode shakespeare later wrote hamlet platform drawn stage level devil ghost crouch platform rose leap burst fireworks puff smoke senses audience level stage action took place shallow enclosure nearly setting interior scene main stage hall battlefield busy street enclosure inside shop part throne room level main stage balcony serve mountaintop battlement play required town assaulted besiegers main stage defenders seen balcony summit city walls balcony level tiring room actors attired costumes directly fourth level storage lofts props costumes rooms musicians gallery part action stage known play instruments space beneath main stage
slavery abraham lincoln letter horace greeley forget save union emancipation proclamation slaves owned maryland kentucky missouri states secede early war slave owners permitted lines federal army encampments flags truce identify retrieve escaped slaves emancipation proclamation military political instrument humane document presidential election coming emancipation draw abolitionist vote lincoln believed win militarily proclamation discouraged slaves working confederate fortifications railroads arsenals slavery unprofitable hated south harriet beecher stowe uncle tom cabin book north carolinian hinton rowan helper impending crisis proved cold statistics slavery economically strangling south helper slavery bound south agrarian economy north chance expand industrially economic superiority south north pointed imported skilled labor europe trained native labor operate machines south trained slaves mechanical skills industry helper drove point home saying southern baby birth put swaddling clothes massachusetts textile mill hobby horse maine young sowed wild oats york city bride wedding ring rhode island colt revolver hartford connecticut burial shroud woven jersey tombstone quarried vermont
provisional congress draft provisional constitution elect provisional president dominated georgia delegation virginia north carolina seceded delegation strongest candidates presidency alexander stephens howell cobb robert toombs stephens forties weighed ninety pounds feet tall shaved hottest days wore woolen overcoat alec stephens considered learned constitutional authorities united states stephens cobb opposed secession georgia wealthy cobb whig congressman joined democratic party whig demise elected speaker house representatives election cobb stephens formed constitutional union party georgia effort block secession cobb popular called georgia triumvirate robert toombs favorite georgia delegation mountain thick sensuous lips hair fell nearly shoulders senate classed daniel webster orator consumer hard liquor night provisional congress meeting montgomery elect president word passed delegation delegation georgia vote solidly howell cobb true choice popular states delegate reported seen robert toombs coming hotel bar walking unsteadily candidate president jefferson davis decided davis nominated head cobb
plan formed general principles indispensable duty nation establish institutions protection defense capital security free body possess competent knowledge military art thirdly knowledge attained present society establishing adequate institutions military education youth knowledge acquired diffused community principles rotation fourthly proper age ability body firmly bound social compact perform personally proportion military duty defense estate military age armed enrolled held responsible degrees military service agreeable constitution united states provide organizing arming disciplining militia governing part employed services united states reserving states appointment officers authority training militia according discipline prescribed congress provision regarding training youth military science secretary knox apparently thinking future military academy train young officers return states train militia course happened trained militia west point graduates resigned commissions regular army business militia officers included future generals ulysses grant george mcclellan ambrose everett burnside
power dignity supreme court give feeling farther ordinary branches government executive legislative sure presidency office dignity president enormous power congress dignified body ways powerful congress saying carries purse branches need money congress president congress closer court thing elected president members congress choose judges important reason understand president congress constantly explain language supreme court explains actions important matter language law ordinary talk studied law find hard understand feeling court farther part government grand powerful feel strange bit scary visitors washington look marble temple respectfully prefer stay live laws congress makes president national leader peace commander chief war news
opening court interests visitors marshal deputy orders acting court crier formula recited english speaking courts hundreds begins word english norman french days william conqueror meaning hear ye supreme court room precisely noon signal rises feet chief justice enters associates black robes places chief justice signals crier instantly shouts persons business honorable supreme court united states admonished draw give attention court sitting god save united states honorable court sits business begins spectator standpoint proceedings likely dull supreme court compels concerned stick business hand foolishness lawyers sides written arguments handed clerk court passed justices arguments called briefs ironically supreme court case short large book lawyer wants add explain court oral argument days considered correct orator daniel webster courtroom resound high flown eloquence
associate justices samuel chase served impeached confused salmon chase chief justice civil war case charge dishonest violent tempered fair real reason insisted making political speeches bench denouncing president administration undoubtedly foolish chase part wasn crime impeachment failed constitution laws sure justices supreme court honest able qualifications office answer astonishing president united states appoint chooses justice lawyer fact president appoint woman appointee office nomination confirmed senate doubt character learning senate refuse confirm proceed choose liking wait president appoint finds senate confirm law sets qualifications practically impossible crooked ignorant supreme court membership supreme court united states rapidly reason easily understood
accused car makers subordinating human safety auto styling speed power abject worship bitch goddess cost reduction book named names general motors greatest acts industrial irresponsibility present century accidents car instability responsible told gm successful avoidance unfavorable publicity victims accidents filed hundred lawsuits company unsafe speed declared automotive engineers knew dangers cars designed blamed failing stand cost cutters determined models book charged auto industry pursued policy blaming auto accidents injuries poor driving bad roads traffic hazards vehicles involved author stated policy consistently supported safety establishment group private public agencies including university research centers prestigious president committee traffic safety composed private citizens funded auto insurance industries book effect vehement demand federal auto safety legislation nader believed protect public spelled ways powerful auto industry prevented passage science magazine reviewed book official appearance november companies researchers politicians bureaucrats find book uncomfortable fight review likely public react differently
empowered federal government nader put require auto manufacturers things information brake stopping distance door strength resistance tire handling performance visibility levels clear language according common criteria bill nader hoped passage mean federal government necessarily powers granted bill control auto manufacture establish principle car manufacturers called meet federally imposed safety standards set structure progress nader put nation effective auto safety program september president johnson signed bill law signing ceremony according york times guests file president receive handshake pen ralph nader crusading young author book unsafe speed instrumental building public congressional support strong auto legislation president shook nader hand briefly sign recognition americans knew nader sight news media yorker magazine taking reader knowledge granted published cartoon car salesman potential customer happen ralph nader mother drives model country reporters busy trying satisfy public sudden curiosity young scorned kind nut don quixote tilting futilely windmills
pound longer active teacher nader met vigorous approached birthday fact discouraged nader original plan writing full length biography grounds meant write anecdotes pound numerous nader arthur train jr author chief point pound satisfied merely serve law attempted change saw need change article pound fought abuses law found nader noticeable success waging battle begun harvard battle regarded abuses laws ignoring auto safety written article nation safe car designed cornell aeronautical laboratory liberty mutual insurance company mentioned harvard law record paper title claimed safe car buy automobile manufacturers refused reason quoted refusal public interested safety nation circulation small magazine considered radical seriously article nader wrote publication aroused public interest auto industry nader tried means publicizing crusade talked need auto safety legislation group listen testified favor committees connecticut legislature similar committees neighboring massachusetts
young ronald home school bruised fight mother angry heard saying dad ronald protested excuse betty told father ashamed told lie knowingly hurt don fight need protection gene admitted relief shortly afterward ronald suddenly shot height feet boys taunting suddenly fell cautiously silent recognition struggle taking place conway county gene stubbornly trying obtain grand jury investigation vote frauds uncovered catholic point austin awakened night anonymous threatening phone calls september magazine carried story gene running democrat basic course varieties violence assaults property political machine attacking called entrenched oiled apparatus run hawkins cigar native son county government action story explaining gene editorial stand claiming vote frauds added city manager scheme gene backed badly defeated increasing signs fearless leadership pierced public apathy helped county machine power
lawyer tom asked juror fact handled ballots claimed obvious jurors concerned brewer reputation damaged democrat articles connected jurors disagreed hour awarded brewer loss suffered articles punitive damages extra punishment days later libel suit democrat trial lawyer plaintiff nathan gordon jurors secret friendliness jury foreman fact gordon business partners gordon accused judge scott birdie column statement king shakes hand hand picks pocket testified epithet king refer judge scott sheriff hawkins produced birdie columns prove claimed scott libeled claimed comment case referred politician official personal conduct public figure official conduct subject public criticism finally testified written column question asked identity author refused divulge mrs stout jury needed hour find gene guilty penalty judge sentenced addition ten days jail contempt court refusing author birdie
chief witness woman anonymity protected scott libel trial mrs stout testifying claimed written columns gene added paragraphs brought swore added king produced files columns handwriting claimed written stuck story explained copied columns printed book planned write handwritten copies box house produce recently disappeared stolen clearly implied gene perjury trial basic question credibility chief witnesses word trusted mrs stout gene effort cast doubt credibility mrs stout claimed married times brush police traffic ticket gene lawyer woman past investigated discovered lena known married eleven times figure mrs stout later things dull married celebrate guys married don remember names started drinking guess worst alcoholics gene lawyer learned mrs stout arrested states total times drunkenness vagrancy prostitution offenses
help unexpected sources committee heard high school seniors making sound recordings motion pictures swamp hoping material committee members interviewed boys realized instantly ordinary young casually pursuing hobby boys intent careers science seriously studying swamp flora fauna amassed amazing amount knowledge swamp contained eager preserve soon boys prime attractions committee speaker service films sound tapes describing words sensation prowling deep inside swamp appeared service club garden club meetings school assemblies infectious enthusiasm businessmen swamp thought found working preservation schoolchildren took collections help campaign garden club members money land purchases contributed hearing boys speak effort help public develop close relationship swamp committee devised buy acre swamp campaign person group contributing considered bought acre swampland wildlife refuge large organizations bought acres smaller groups purchased single acres boys girls clubbed buy fraction acre purchaser large buyer small individual group received certificate north american wildlife foundation feel personal stake future swamp
philadelphia business executives conducted unpopularity contest winner certainly reverend leon sullivan militant mainspring boycott movement force open job opportunities negroes later april executives joined applauding negro pastor zion baptist church received philadelphia award highest honor city bestow happened intervening sullivan abandoned fight jobs negroes contrary proved won benefit white business community underemployed blacks unique job training program devised known initials opportunities industrialization center knocking sizable holes educational emotional walls american negroes fair share america affluence program breaching equally formidable walls misconceptions white business community surrounded misconceptions negro employment potential philadelphia bulletin reported reverand sullivan wept accepted philadelphia award outstanding public service sight surprised business executives sullivan rocklike determination negotiating sessions philadelphians black white rich poor accustomed surprised foot inch minister grown dirt alley streets charleston west virginia born leon howard sullivan child parents separated aunts uncles young cousins shared mother home children slept room
executives responded subsequent meetings company offices ways predicted employed negroes ministers replied concerned solely quantity quality mass employment negroes menial jobs negroes hired fill specific sensitive positions executive claimed union contract mandated recently laid workers employees hired told obstacle surmounted company negro community sales director stated selling positions offend white customers politely reminded company offending quarter residents philadelphia failing hire negroes jobs clergymen named specific period expected list jobs filled meeting ended point publicity announcement press period ended company failed fulfill ministers requirements sunday minister sullivan group special message congregation talked god talked company sullivan put prefaced message version sullivan statement moral conscience remain quiet patronize companies discriminate minister asked congregation cease buying products baking company discriminatory policies abandoned response
city grows fortified place built hill sake defense greek word referring peak hill akron meaning point central hill athens original site city acropolis meaning peak city north coast israel city built low promontory named simply acre countless centuries forms ancient egyptian modern arabian undoubtedly meant peak language small ocean inlet south bay acre couple centuries area control ptolemies egypt changed honor ptolemy line eventually ptolemies vanished history city older acre played important role crusades richard lion hearted besieged occupied important feat holy land end point held crusaders lost full centuries crusades begun defense organization called knights st john memory preserved french city st jean acre queer echo bit greek american geography acre town established projected route lake erie ohio river
mid pacific noted tiny isolated islands atlantic ocean south atlantic halfway bulge brazil west coast southern africa small island discovered ascension portuguese navigator joao da nova ascension celebrated forty days easter anniversary according tradition jesus christ ascended heaven honor island named ascension bit larger manhattan island miles southeast island slightly larger ascension discovered da nova named saint helena mother constantine roman emperor turn christian partly christian mother influence supposed british occupied saint helena gained sudden notoriety napoleon bonaparte exile britain annexed ascension farther south halfway buenos aires capetown group small islands total area manhattan discovered portuguese navigator da named da islands annexed british ascension island noted giant sea turtles side south america miles west ecuador group islands noted giant land turtles discovered spanish navigator tomas de named turtles found amazement large carry backs
death alexander huge empire conquered divided generals asiatic portion fell named seleucus founded empire largest city dominions babylon euphrates river mesopotamia seleucus wanted capital greek built city tigris river fifty miles north babylon named dismantled babylon build city babylon disappeared east empire persian tribe called known latinized version began head parthians conquered mesopotamia found greek capital ctesiphon greek means full sound river parthians turn conquered persian peoples line kings descended ancestor named empire established ctesiphon remained capital fell ruins empire defeated arabs wholly conquered persia turned moslem ruled arabian caliphs damascus abu founded dynasty caliphs lasted hundred dominions line termed caliphate honor caliph al established capital mesopotamia ctesiphon persian picked small village fifty miles tigris named baghdad persian words meaning god capital baghdad grew ctesiphon fell ruins baghdad today capital iraq
days european penetration africa stories fabulous kingdoms deep interior story concerned kingdom spoken ancients congo naturally european explorers found civilizations wonderful legends romantic names mysterious lands lingered portuguese navigator cam exploring africa west coast mouth huge river flowing atlantic miles south equator set stone pillar called river rio de river pillar quickly changed zaire distortion native word meaning simply river pull fabulous ancient kingdom eventually proved decisive congo river area drains central africa congo river explored entirety english born explorer henry morton stanley leopold ii king belgians grew interested area organized international corporation exploit recognized personal dominion basin known congo free leopold methods running colony personal profit involved extremely cruel treatment natives scandal area leopold control annexed belgium known belgian congo region gained independence republic congo map marks past group cataracts upper congo called stanley falls downriver north bank stanleyville mouth congo south bank leopoldville
voyage christopher columbus sailing employ spain discovered island called isla espanola meaning spanish island quickly twisted hispaniola founded settlement island named santo domingo saint dominic honor father patron saint santo domingo entire island spanish dominion island weak haunt pirates western section later island france french called island saint original indian haiti meaning land mountains increasingly popular native indians wiped negroes brought africa slave labor negro slaves rose rebellion eventually successful negro republic established haiti spain re established control eastern thirds island names entire island haiti restricted west santo domingo east hispaniola remains entire island santo domingo revolted spain independent latinized version dominican republic capital city remained santo domingo century dominican general named rafael leonidas trujillo molina took government successful revolt shortly afterward disastrous cyclone destroyed santo domingo trujillo supervised reconstruction renamed ciudad trujillo meaning city trujillo trujillo despotic rule assassinated end city santo domingo
medieval times indies considered lands marvels discovered considered part indies full marvels stories instance island called miraculous spring remove illness age fountain youth words governor puerto rico juan ponce de leon largest city island named ponce honor commissioned lead exploring expedition find didn find fountain youth course reach coastland easter sunday easter celebrated spain feast flowers spanish called florida flowery easter honor ponce de leon named land florida nowadays small islands bahamas east florida called alas fountain youth oddly sunshine likewise possesses mythical island history medieval french poem called de roland mentioned nonexistent land called spanish writer garcia de wrote story island called california indies west coast north america northern end spanish dominions called california united states bought florida spain annexed california successful war mexico florida entered union california entered portion california remained mexico barren peninsula south called lower california lower map
christopher columbus quickly found west small island passed land shores stretch indefinitely side thought finally continent asia unfortunately wrong island largest island area native island spaniards adopted syllables happened familiar spanish word meaning tub island called cuba remained spanish american help gained independence cuban governor diego velasquez founded city beautiful harbor called la haven spell havana haven americas group puritans landed connecticut coast leaving england named town founded haven english channel port embarked spelling words emphasized spot haven religious views columbus discovered island south cuba named santiago spanish st james patron saint spain british admiral william penn father penn pennsylvania captured changed island closer native happy compromise unintentional wrote pronounced jamaica remains reminiscent st james jamaica captured england republic monarchy soon restored honor chief english town south shore island named port royal
peninsula northeast china stretches manchuria japan source dispute china japan chinese japanese language background course strongly influenced chinese culture peninsula cho son appears map chosen meaning land morning calm japan japan reflects fact viewed land east china land accepted chinese point view chosen native dynasty emperors called endured coming mongols thirteenth century marco polo visited east thirteenth century dynasty land europe heard korea korea forced fight devastating japanese invasion east manchu invasion west cut finding peace hermit kingdom late nineteenth century nations europe began press strangely european nation took japan war russia partly question control korea surprise won annexed korea established older chosen map war ii korea freed divided parts south american administration north soviet
southeastern coast africa large island piece east indies broken loose moved thousand miles westward thing large island larger sumatra coincidence shape populated malayan group east indies represents fact westernmost extension racial group malayan origin shows apply syllables mark fact marco polo book travels written thirteenth century land called refer island mainland speak hearsay respect africa distortion europeans reached island naturally called madagascar portuguese reached sixteenth century late nineteenth century european influence paramount france firm control island remained french till war ii rebellion broke held check end inevitable island gained complete independence republic extreme southern tip island city fort reminder recent french occupation island french explorations settlements older french king louis xiii son twenty childless marriage naturally rejoicing early french explorer jacques named settlements island prince royalist france king oldest son referred
june st christopher red haired boy counting days celebration seated shady courtyard step weaving room door father house dreaming miracle giant saint named morning usual christopher wool sharp brush cleaning dirty tangled pieces combing fibers straight letting small twigs burrs drop bare feet wool ready spinning yarn bartholomew younger brother sat bart learning card running side mother approval christopher heard noisy clatter loom stop moment begin louder faster busy mother susanna picked shuttles resumed weaving length material delivered nightfall master weaver sauntered hour disappeared street doubt friends discussing meeting clothiers guild selling wine cheeses profitable weaving favorite topics drawn enlivened glasses wine spent ready coins sociable master weaver returned st christopher boy knew goodhearted father think oldest son helping celebrate feast patron saint coins pocket present
venice exotic island city bride sea protection constantinople grown rich colorful dealing east places pink golden marble lined limpid blue green canals mirrored water slim black gondolas canopies crimson carried elegant owners bridge financial heart city wealthy venetians invested golden ducats private enterprise purchased shares owned galleys sailed fleets mediterranean prosperity threatened constantinople fallen center commerce sea move westward portugal venetian galleys seen harbor inland sea picking cargoes spices india jewels silks perfumes china wheat thessaly sugar egypt purchased arab merchants carried venice ports northern europe merchant galley leaving venice netherlands spirited venetian aboard share cargo setting seek fortune means young merchant happened seeking fortune part greatest adventure age search sea route india sail outstanding age henry navigator prince portugal known portuguese prince mystery legendary character
christopher columbus autumn prince henry navigator died bright morning red haired boy seen running narrow street genoa leaving dark house clacking loom heading wide open harbor feet barely touched cobblestones eager big galley anchored busy wharves galley eastern end mediterranean tall pointed sails furled oars banked unloaded sailors coming ashore bags barrels hold boy watched chance slip aboard peer sniffed air tinged delicious smell scent spices spices knew land called india hard costly pepper gold small bag peppercorns father rich galley armed terrible turks held eastern end mediterranean thrill sail voyage look seen sit courtyard wool learning weaver wanted sailor soon sailing packets carried wine cheese towns coast ways genoa amount
knew mysterious land going sophia setting hope purpose tedious journey northern europe polish border russia riding litter accompanied large retinue horseback led roman cardinal appointed pope pope iv fondly imagined marriage result bringing greek orthodox church moscow rule rome rome tried greek church constantinople succeeded break churches standing originated days constantine cardinal wasted trying bring union began soon crossed polish border russian town entered head procession carrying roman crucifix greek cross human figure looked strange townsfolk gathered gate welcome duchess bread salt symbol hospitality festivities planned distinguished guests city fathers beginning visit cathedral onion shaped dome rose surrounding rooftops entering cardinal whispered sophia follow orthodox priest bowing magi coaching promptly disregarded disconcerted cardinal bit alter approach russian town entered carrying roman crucifix moscow heavy wooden gate cardinal halted informed enter holy city carrying cross
mary sweet thing frightened tears managed smuggle letter maximilian betrothed heard brave knight surely rescue duchess margaret appeal help suit maximilian brave knight rescuing fair maiden especially found maiden sweet utterly lovable mary happy maximilian appeared claim bride perfect knight maiden dream clad armor shining silver wreath precious jewels encircling blond hair french speaking bride reply german greeting trouble charming maxi pick language soon expressing love french found tastes common hunting maximilian favorite sport mary loved chase beautiful trained falcon pet greyhound slept bed soon included maximilian affection peace happy young husband living garden roses peaceful garden restless romantic knight love adventure excitement maximilian soon silver armor speeding war death charles bold louis xi quick reclaim original french province burgundy delighted independent part france rule crown
mother beautiful christian slave girl favorite wife muley replaced younger beautiful jealous fearful son set father center plot depose muley seize throne muley soon discovered plot mild mannered son scheming mother locked tower knotted colored scarves rope dark night let river bank horses waiting escaped town mountains remained word return haste proclaimed sultan muley spent pleasure garden city walls latest beauty sunset returning found gates granada barred remembering prophecy cried aloud fate allah akbar allah allah akbar el bold relative entered family feud uncle warrior justly known bold el joined exiled brother muley helped establish capital mediterranean coast malaga city fair lovely arabs called paradise earth high mountains encircled protected malaga muley spaniards attempt scale mountains capture city soldiers urged promise robbery plunder fierce muley sit paradise wait invaders
letter friend ruler milan called il moor due complexion dark moors north africa il writing leonardo da court ago written asking lorenzo recommend equestrian statue father francesco lorenzo unhesitatingly recommended leonardo da studio medici gardens il patience exhausted leonardo making hundreds sketches clay models snorting horses positions set father horse complete statue lorenzo recommend sculptor finish lorenzo understand il impatience appreciated leonardo desire perfection taking quill quickly scratched reply saying think finish statue sculpture lorenzo special interest recently established school gardens marvelous collection ancient greek roman figures serve inspiration pupils teacher engaged pupil grandfather famous sculptor known painter florence asked select promising pupils enrolled school budding sculptors boy fourteen discarded scrap marble carved head busy polishing morning glancing saw lorenzo looking amused
march weeks agreement columbus considered fateful decree signed ferdinand isabella giving jews months baptized christians leave spain doctors lawyers scholars top officials court matter intellectual highly skilled matter valuable kingdom ways considered menace simply religion christian kingdom christians live catholic sovereigns spain moslems jews louis persuaded isabella finance voyage columbus called jew accepted christianity ferdinand valuable assistance finance doomed exile renounce hebrew faith friend abraham senior principal collector taxes ferdinand obtained audience king queen protest calamity befall offered large sum money ducats revoke edict golden ducats ferdinand eyes shone mention money reply moment general stormed royal presence unannounced strode king queen drawing crucifix black gown raised high clenched fist exclaiming sold master thirty pieces silver sell anew ducats gold barter frantic friar threw crucifix table strode room
sky cleared friday february sighted land land columbus expert navigator azores proved small island santa maria azores belonged portugal landed spanish ship sailors rest island thought miracle spaniards survived vowed seen dreadful storm place nina anchor pointed bay mile village village short lady angels explained fisherman ago seen lady surrounded angels standing rock built chapel chapel virgin place sailors fulfil vow columbus ten ashore nina small boat return let hours passed sign saying prayers clad shirts proper seized marched village prison soon boatload armed rowed caravel bringing captain island demanded columbus show credentials sharp words passed end portuguese captain prove columbus trespassing coast guinea portuguese possession
materials turn enable incredibly sources power explore space improve medicine reclaim huge areas land farming increase output present farms improve transportation communication hundreds inventions add comfort stone implements prehistoric replaced tools metals find materials outmoded substances familiar present handful scientists field materials scientists say materials revolution century ago metals chemicals number natural materials wood animal hair plant fibers past fifty seventy ten list materials materials nature begun completely substances synthetic materials hundreds plastics today created laboratory forced lucky combination elements synthetics trial error method batches materials mixed materials properties found step materials science wasting trial error method tailor materials meet needs included approach ways mixing elements important applying amounts energy create elements elements special materials special jobs understand staggering claims science meant word material
major step forward materials began textiles skins stripped animals clothing floor coverings bedding discovered fiber plants wool sheep weave loom opposing theories took place group scientists believes weaving began mesopotamia called iraq spread think weaving invented places contact inventors naturally textiles perishable metals wood ceramics ancients sculptures egyptian paintings textiles hues beautiful forms created clay cuneiform tablets found ancient city ur city ancient located southern iraq dating references weavers weaving excavations india turned bits cotton cloth preserved association copper dating carved wood clay models found egyptian tombs displayed metropolitan museum york show weavers spinning thread weaving cloth plant fibers tree bark coconut husks textiles soon wool sheep animal fibers included camel hair goat horse hair established linen cloth flax egypt fact archaeologists found linen cloth finer today
bessemer converter named sir henry bessemer england called kelly converter william kelly kentucky bessemer study arrived general process aware working bessemer applied granted american patent ahead kelly application kelly proved working version won patent bessemer public connected method process makes device looks roughly huge oldtime cannon muzzle pointed upwards metal shell tilted receive charge molten pig iron pour molten steel device called converter convert pig iron directly steel liquid heart method based kelly bessemer discovery amount heat generated reaction cold air impurities red hot iron sending blasts cold air bottom sides converter liquid iron heat automatically generated burn undesired impurities leave amount carbon provide steel liquid steel poured molds cold air heat converter external devices quick simple large amounts steel course basic method simple took amount effort heartbreak success gained
color important part vision sense comes eyes color helps identify find color rocks trees houses animals things live matter language speak nation belong sky blue earth brown fire red color experience common mankind color communicate ideas attitudes red traffic light means stop green light means paris philadelphia peking alike color mean things western theater color white means purity goodness black stands death sorrow villainy eastern theater hand actor white patch center face clown liar black stands honesty integrity colors help identify characters play control traffic play important part determining think millions convinced light skin makes skin dark millions believe judged color skins demand equal rights mankind trying decide wrong judge color skins skin color find facts turn science
produces shades blues browns circles uneven coloring iris instance green area brown outer edge eyes blue green melanin inside iris brown black melanin inside infinite number colors grays violets patterns colors cases person say blue brown eye human beings dark brown black eyes discuss reasons later albinos melanin pink eyes blood underneath skins red blood inside eyeball shows colorless tissues iris lighten red pink seen red pupil opening albinos deep red pupils pink irises melanin eye important job iris keeps strength light entering eye level vision narrowing pupil opening light strong widening light weak iris completely light proof light leak melanin melanin job properly light pupil opening melanin iris acts black coating iris camera keeps stray light film light leaking eye pupil opening interferes eyesight light leaking camera spoils film
chromosomes arranged pairs half pair comes father half mother genes inherit scientists believe arranged pairs child inherit traits parent half pair chromosomes genes comes scientists think genes color genes imagine moment types color gene dark gene produces dark skin light gene produces light skin parents light genes give children pairs light genes children light skinned parents dark genes dark skinned children pairs dark genes blood theory dark skinned parents produce dark skinned children cans black paint mixed produce black paint light skinned parents produce light skinned children cans white paint mixed produce white paint light skinned parent dark skinned parent child child mixed pair genes medium colored blood theory explain white paint black paint mixed produce gray happens medium colored parents mixed genes children according blood theory medium colored children cans gray paint produce gray paint happens medium colored parents children colors genes explain occurs child light gene parent light colored
instance young digging banks solo river java holland dig mud suddenly saw wonderful believe eyes wonderful thing gold diamonds brown piece bone top skull buried earth thousands thousands turned stone bone preserved young eugene dubois lucky find want find looking searching ancestors human race skull cap clue looking ancestors wondered living things fascinating animals mammal walks upright feet head erect special kind hand handle tools kinds special brain complicated brain brain makes interesting figures animals makes tools place claws sharp teeth makes clothes place fur fire warm cook food run machines animal makes paintings sculptures composes music
questions questions questions diggers found stone tools buried deep earth strata layers laid supposed dates creation noah flood earth days impossible interpreters bible pharmacist named looking british soil bones ivory medicine found looked skeleton elephant chipped flint certainly mysterious elephants england friend rescue sounded reasonable explanation elephant brought england roman soldiers emperor claudius native briton killed flint spearhead german johann found human bones level extinct animals upsetting didn dare say belonged lived noah flood decided human bones rock level kind accident john frere englishman found flint axes tools buried feet deep bones large extinct animals sure belonged distant period remote modern william teacher geology oxford found human skeletons buried caves wales england simply refused believe dated flood
darwin took side trips mountains jungles records learned college taught classify living things orders families species classified specimens learned remarkable things europe species fungus peculiar odor darwin found species south america found special kind beetle lived fungus siberia brazil worms lived sand edges salt lakes places kinds birds feed darwin began wonder special reason kinds animals plants turned kind living place noticed turtles america turtles europe closely related differences species size color ways true lizards europe america caused differences animals extinct animals die questions answered darwin returned home studying notes collections specimens read re read books scientists finally strange conclusion idea radical afraid publish wanted sure let published findings alfred wallace conclusion
nature supposed waste save vegetable parts throw turn garbage beautiful plants eat spiny leaves grow top pineapple beet carrot tops avocado pits things garbage actually pretty plant don cost need start avocado tree avocado pit large drinking glass jar toothpicks warm water later plant sprouted roots stem need large flower pot potting soil plant food wash pit warm water remove bits fruit cling pit broad side bottom point top quarters inch bottom pit push toothpicks spaced evenly pit round toothpicks stronger sharper easier push fill glass warm water put pit flat side water ends toothpicks rest rim glass half inch pit water put glass jar pit warm spot strong sunlight kitchen cabinet place check glass jar days sure water evaporated sure bottom pit water soon roots shoot start seed
hard realize give plant sun water food overdoing things results damage death plant plants sunny windows grown indoors sunny spot grown window box window danger sun comes temperature glass window indoors goes high dries leaves parts plant severe damage remember turn plant grow leaning sun greatest death indoor plants water plant water drown sized pot peat moss potting mixture watering times week check plants water according set schedule soil feels dry wait leaves start droop lack water late water plants side top wet leaves lead attacks fungus sun damage drop water act magnifier causing strong sun rays burn leaf problems side watering prevents dangers proper fertilizing important don overdo dehydrated cow manure buy garden store mix small amount potting mixture seedlings planted liquid fertilizer plant food regularly sparingly plant grows
cutting stem branch healthy plant cut completely plant plants cuttings grow exact duplicates parent plant cuttings parts plant including leaves stems roots result plants parent plant actually cutting plant sure need ready table decide plants want prepare number extra idea pots rooting mixture rooting mixture equal parts potting soil sand vermiculite garden stores peat moss want bother making rooting mixture found ready garden stores making mix ingredients newspaper pour mixture clay pots piece window screen laid hole bottom drainage pot thirds full put filled pots pan water allow soak cuttings sharp clean razor blade knife carefully cut healthy stem inches leaves parent plant stem soft young flowering wax exception cut sharp angle leaf attached stem area rooting larger cut stem straight
fran parade fun wants parade pat want parade tim parade fun parade fran want bridge end town wait bridge wait tim pat drum home fran flag waved parade going parade looks fun horse parade yes pat ride horse parade horse pat pat played drum fran waved flag parade parade looks fun woman flute parade yes fran play flute woman played flute horse pat pat played drum fran waved flag parade look parade town parade yes pat sing song sang woman played flute horse pat pat played drum fran waved flag parade bridge end town tim waiting parade big tim
boy swim hot thing happen happened happen stories look words blue help understand happened story george ant moved big house town saw moved bed paint mailbox ant put paint ant painted mailbox ant took nap ant look friends looked looked saw town ant scared ant saw big red ant ant big club ant scared looking giant moved town red ant friends scared want find moved biggest house ant moved biggest house red ant ant ant house ant giant house yes red ant don giant painted mailbox think giant house ant wait paint need dots george ant painted dots mailbox
tailor town tailor wanted cake flies cake cake flies tailor hit flies flies want big town tailor big belt big town big town saw belt woman think flies tailor queen queen rid tailor took tailor queen queen brave tailor scared big town want rid stay help bad giants moved big town want let bad giants stay big town rid bad giants stay big town tailor scared rid giants need things let egg bird queen egg bird tailor tailor took egg bird queen find giants tailor found giants giants looked saw tailor belt giant tailor tailor yes giant
asked maria mother plant needs watered maybe water grow mother watered plant plant grow mother thing try plant pot plant store big pot maybe plant grow plant store found big pot store took home put plant big pot watered put sun plant grow plant grow plant looks grow tree maria mother looked plant plant big house mother plant big house nice plant gave mother look maria cut pieces plant pieces plants plants nice gifts cut pieces big plant gave pieces gifts piece plant glad nice gift maria gift grow maria plant big write sentence tell gift look picture think things stories
tim rabbit home woods nice warm find food wanted eat fun play grass winter nice woods ice grass food cold tim rabbit saw max bear tim rabbit friends don winter ice find food max bear winter cold eat food warm home sleep winter tim rabbit think tim rabbit fran rabbit tim rabbit bears winter sleep wish sleep winter fran rabbit tim fran talk max bear max bear glad let sleep house winter tell sleep tired tired asked fran rabbit max bear tired run fast run tim rabbit hop tim fran hopped woods tired max bear maybe help found dull fran nat turtle max bear nat turtle rock yawn fran tim nat turtle plan worked nat turtle stop telling dull stories soon tim fran rabbit tired
max bear scared tim fran rabbit sleep max glad show home movies tim fran think movies fun max sang bedtime song tim fran yawned yawned fell sleep tim fran max bear sleeping winter asked fran maybe look home movies tim fran tim fran stayed max house winter night sleep looked movies winter tim fran want stay max winter think rabbits warm write sentence tell help sleep night fur deep warm winter sleep food dreams sweet winter meat cave dark dreams bright serve winter light sleep cubs sleep stories tell animals places stories tell things happen stories big idea big idea story read story jose likes look birds likes look bluebirds likes look eagles likes look ducks big ideas stories story big idea page words blue help read think big ideas
sun say sun wanted sea sun hands feet water sun face soon water knowing sun top house sun yes yes waters sea top house sun jump blue sky sun happened sea sun house think thing sea sun house write sentence tell think sun house looked sea children saw sea wind wrinkle water knew sun splinter sea blue sea breathes shore meet poet moore likes write stories likes write poems poems bike ride saw sea moore wants fun read poems writes book poems read feel poem moore tells glad poet poets look poems tell look true stories tell things real
whales whales fish sea look big fish fish whales stay water fish air whale whale big eats things food water whale takes big drink water plants animals whale eats water whales swim air swim water stay water air sea sun water looks black whales dark water whales eyes dark sounds water water whales eyes dark whales sound whale makes sound whale sound reach sound comes whale tells whale thing sound helps whales safe think whales sound tell shore need shore safe whales land whales sound land times whales jump air fun game looks wonderful game whales sounds play water
took care treasure ship found thing cleaned piece look treasure wanted bring ship water big job ship big looked found help bring ship top water big bring ship wait water waited days big boats big ship prince boat ship piece king ship treasure shore things ship think king wanted big ship list list treasures find ship look picture think things sea stories find sea story look pictures read story puppy named dot dot friends swim couldn dot friends gave dot boat swimming dot follow boat dot problem fixed
frog jump frog hop frog swim frog swim lake frog sit frog eat frog eat lake frog frog lake swim eat frog jump big fat frog big fat frog sit swim eat big fat frog jump tree frog tree frog sit tree eat tree jump tree tree frog hop tree jump eat swim sit tree frog frog frog jump frog jump frog win race show show frog frog frog hop frog win race race log jump log win race log hop log win frog frog race hot race swim frog hop hot race race log swim read book think book
hurry hurry train wait wait cat cat hurry train wait hat wait book wait ball wait duck duck hat train hurry train wait cat train book train hat mom run jump race rope run race rope rabbit jump hop fast rabbit run fast rabbit try win run fast hope win race turtle turtle run fast turtle win run fast win rope win turtle win hurry nap rabbit run fast win race hope win win nap nap rabbit nap rabbit win win mom home want mom mom want think want bake cake mom tim bake cake want bake cake
tim follow cat dot mom want show kittens dot kittens dad vet want dad kittens dad kittens dad home dad puppy want care puppy pat want puppy dad tim puppy puppy puppy puppy want mom care dot kittens dot mom dot care puppy think dot puppy think dot puppy think kittens puppy show puppy dot dot puppy think dot puppy dot care kittens dot kittens dot kittens dot kittens puppy dot care pet pet animal pet friend pet animal friend puppy puppy pet puppy puppy ball puppy sit puppy pet kitten animal kitten kitten friend run jump sit box kitten pet horse big animal horse friend ride horse horse pet
tim sad tim wanted play sam sam cold sam stay home days sam sad tim dad tim sad want play sam sam cold dad sam play today kite tim mom tim play dad sam friend want sam want sam fast want sam mom sam cold stay home sam sam cold fun cold sam wants fun play dad today tim sam dad think tim tim kite dad tim play fun tim thinking sam tim want show kite sam wait sam dad sam sam sam play sam play tim want sam want sam fun tim put sam kite dad think sam tim dad kite dad sam kite sam care
rabbit going home rabbit found rabbit blue bird blue bird rabbit found blue bird tree rabbit blue bird found blue bird blue bird fly rabbit try fly blue bird thing fly sky green turtle green turtle tell blue bird rabbit found green turtle lake blue bird green turtle look found green turtle rabbit fly green turtle swim blue bird try swim green turtle thing swim fly red cat red cat tell rabbit blue bird green turtle red cat green turtle red cat look found red cat blue bird thing swim fly red cat rabbit red cat friend dot dot thing red cat dot look found dot clock clock tell
owl bed sleep yawn owl saw bumps blanket end bed owl afraid strange bumps asked owl owl looked blanket looked bed dark owl wanted rest strange bumps big sleeping owl nice owl moved feet bumps moved look bumps move owl moved feet look bumps move cried owl owl pulled blankets bed bumps owl end bed feet owl afraid cold owl put blankets bed soon saw bumps bumps cried owl bumps bumps bumps rest owl jumped top bed cried bang bed falling bang owl falling top owl ran bed sat chair let strange bumps sit bed let bumps grow big wish sleep chair safe couldn owl sleep owl rid strange bumps
put piece box chair looked hid chair looked couldn mother studying couldn mama don mother don afraid place hide mother bed don forget daddy home bed didn forget late daddy home want surprise stay hide run want stay night mother asked yes mama want stay tired bed mother daddy wake home don want wake yelled mother didn felt daddy left care grandpa grandpa daddy home wanted stay didn want sleep didn want daddy wake bed cried wait daddy mother studying sit big chair stay
bed tina mother tina tina wish fun tina sleep tina bed turn round round stop tina bed stopped tina looked clock clock funny tina bed ran yard green sun moon sky green tina couldn tell daytime nighttime tina corner house saw green high tree nighttime daytime tina asked answered green town wish invited town tina happy play tina wish road stopped corner run tina asked run rest town wish children school asked tina school answered wish run rest turned corner ran town bat flew daytime cat ran mouse nighttime want rest tina rest wish tina wished rest school
worthington botts wrote worthington wanted friends lot house logs fix clock play baseball tried read worthington botts friends yelled stop reading cans watch ball ball comes worthington friends play watch worthington botts reading read ate milked cow weeded mother garden worthington botts mother yelled stop reading book look stop reading worthington answered things don worthington read steam machine looked walked pull carts clean floors book showed worked worthington botts steam machine pull carts pull weeds milk cow lead side road yell try read friends play baseball worthington botts beat friends stopped playing baseball helped find pipes wheels cans things worthington botts needed steam machine steam machine big funny hat head worthington botts started machine waited
read tomorrow play baseball tied end rope tied end steam machine lead yard side road road turned steam machine clang bang cloud steam worthington botts fell bumped chased bees steam machine leg hurt book lost road game friends yelled steam machine lose game friends late clang bang road steam machine friends play ball umpire don afraid worthington steam machine worked watch ball promise worthington saw read fence didn try read cans rolled didn try read steam machine clanged bat newspaper fell nearby worthington started read newspaper worthington botts ball worthington looked newspaper umpire machine started run soon running help yelled stop ball worthington ball hit machine leg
story girl finds place think read dream read find place special high nearby branch place bird nest hung shoelace rope hat bird nest ask birds think bird maybe think giant nest nest tree needed think things think riding horse dream strongest girl think flying plane elephant pet nice days bring books special place sit sink read hundred books spent night sleeping bag found lots things noises night dark glad cat sleep meow loud hear thing rest look leaves listen birds read listen cat meow dark things things girl story liked
strong feelings places live peter loved land saved finger ago boy named peter lived land called holland peter knew holland special place peter loved walking country land holland low flat bright tulips grew slowly turning windmills high walls called dikes peter knew holland needed dikes land lower sea places dikes broke sea flood land peter loved walks school liked walk enjoy slowly turning windmills liked watch planting tulip bulbs walk liked took top dikes country stand top dike feel strength dike water knew dike land loved safe sea peter walking thought today want hurried road dikes ran top thought peter saw windmills turning bright tulips happy knew home peter started home heard strange sound listened looked saw sound coming water coming hole dike leak dike
looked star thought planet story girl visits earth finds thing likes lived space father mother brother jonathan lived girl jonny boy father mother worked spaceships looked spaceships earth planets jonny watch ships jonny wear spacesuits watched air inside suits air warm spaceships saw jonny earth someday jonny asked things earth sky blue seen blue sky air earth don wear spacesuit nice ask father earth jumped high father jumped high spaceship father pulled ring suit earth earth jump
don choose corner evan adam chose corner room evan sat called corner evan evan adam didn minute left corner played horse big sister lucy sat held pigtails yup lucy horse shouted galloped round round room morning evan ran corner floor shiny fun look window evan felt corner needed stared bare walls thought need picture school morning evan painted picture sea drew big waves green boat told teacher going hang picture corner lovely evan teacher evan wait home school ran past pet shop canary bird shouted shoulder place going hang picture skip gallop passed window sill flower pot listen pink flower told place picture skidded stop corner waited light change spoke newsstand guess mister boy going hang picture place mine
thought pink flower pot thought need plant corner saturday evan street playground took toothbrush glass spoon evan found weed big flowers dug spoon planted glass took home put windowsill corner corner didn didn don furniture realized didn think ran store asked meehan crates meehan let crates corner evan stood crates end high desk turned crate bench sat evan things place lonely waste liked enjoy peace quiet fine picture look bench sit window plant grew tall evan spent spare corner strange happy mother home evan mama happy corner need evan stood corner looked evan corner evan mother maybe need leave corner
part book read special places read holland peter saved read place special thing read place read evan wanted special place learned place turns talking stories children class want look reader log think speak listen talk begin think special place special room special places stories read places special smallest united states rhode island story rhode island important history hundred ago rhode island united states country belonged country called england england america started places called colonies thirteen colonies rhode island rules colonies king england colonies wanted rules king happy hear rhode island afraid tell king wanted rule soon colonies thing smallest
knew terrible cellar knew cellar dark damp smelled don told mother terrible cellar believes waited waited waited took broom cellar steps dark damp smelled called saw headed clawed toed hiding corner mother asked saw mother jars knew telling lie shouted hit broom wham didn climbed washing machine hit noticed getting smaller pulled tail smaller getting small asked afraid anymore happens looked sad smaller smaller smaller size nut called try sheldon parker cellar street afraid thanks heard say tell mother worried found glasses jars
yes pablo spanish country children talk laugh don speak english pablo mother sad learn language easy learn language pablo try sat mother began tell english words learned studied hard soon learned understand tried say english words sounded strange weeks passed september opening school pablo knew children park room afraid laugh speak english pablo desk sat quietly pablo school understand teacher weeks sat quietly held hand embarrassed speak english language held card pablo color card pablo embarrassed didn english word say quietly children laughed pablo embarrassed wanted cry children teacher don understand pablo told say red spanish means red pablo say blue spanish pablo quickly
invited ten friends jill angela jo martha pat jenny buzzie john tina mark special birthday party invitations send mail mother asked write invitations thought meant special valentine party meant french meant call write tell person coming friends meant mothers fathers invitations called mark sure didn want friend anymore coming buzzie wasn feeling asked mother forget call mark called couldn play ball game wanted strike paul brown paul brown biggest boy mark class tried think call party birthday party friend asked mother forget party amy tell friends coming say wasn birthday think late change don worry mark worry lot party woke feeling sad didn remembered mark wasn coming birthday party
jacob birthday birthday days celebrate surprise secret weeks weeks mother knew mother knew wouldn tell jacob stay house afternoon half hour say smile smile birthday mother cake candles jacob mother cake seventeen candles sat porch sang blew candles jacob blew breath bigger mother smiled jacob mother smiled give jacob dear friend jacob smiled handed card printed neat friend jacob helping wanted help decided teach knock jacob walk house knows stand door notices lets wish jacob knock door heard mother say decided help learn tell jacob forget open door walk mother hard shouldn worry felt bad jacob helped wanted able help telling forgetting mind jacob maybe hard
part book read stories ideas read harry idea terrible cellar read pablo teacher idea friends read ideas bears lost tails mosquitoes buzz ears read jacob idea special surprise friend sam turns talking ideas read want look reader log speak clearly listen closely children class speak think begin full ideas run ideas funny ideas bright ideas ideas exciting ideas help ideas helped part book read ideas fun hear fun watch ideas acting stories play story play characters play friends characters story things think want story part story play part think characters sound think character speaks friends decide story act decide play part decide words say
need help solve mystery andy things disappeared room green sock baseball cards disappeared homework dog barked knew wanted ask andy sock disappeared asked bed andy dog barked wanted ask andy baseball cards homework asked andy baseball cards homework baseball cards bed homework floor top book bag kitchen milk room homework baseball cards andy dog wagged tail barked laughed dog solved mystery clean room find things sloppy kid andy looked andy shoelaces tied clothes neat sloppy kid dog barked told andy dog says house solve mystery dog solve mysteries andy dog dumb dog getting lost told andy house dog solve mystery soon inside andy house dog barked tell quiet andy baby brother sleeping andy mother kitchen boy crawling don quiet andy mother billy sleeping
maple street club decided put play sleeping beauty cindy garage charge cents andy money bad fairy melissa cindy stacey wanted sleeping beauty cindy won garage queen stacey butch curtain puller bigger king argued wait cindy forgot prince looked seymour looking going prince kiss sleeping beauty phooey seymour looked butch butch curtain puller king prince don look andy wear costume money door re seymour cindy phooey seymour going home maple street club seymour house think prince thought seymour didn room pushed note door seymour read phooey bookshelf sleeping beauty read bad fairy read enchanted sleep read prince kissing sleeping beauty phooey double phooey seymour called andy let bike ride seymour andy rehearse play seymour called cindy going prince asked cindy wants maple street club
saturday seymour saw sign cindy garage side door open seymour peeked inside chairs looked thrones side door open big piece cardboard spinning wheel painted melissa wings wall cindy baby doll floor sheet perfect curtain maple street club garage thought saw stacey wanted ready seymour re ready cindy rehearse seymour started leave don butch fact help seymour asked cindy stand prince supposed stand looks prince seymour asked soon butch need rehearse seymour guess help prince costume melissa thought rehearsal seymour cindy dress rehearsal seymour put jacket hat cindy let begin seymour stood andy told watched melissa bad fairy watched cindy prick finger watched enchanted sleep prince supposed kiss sleeping beauty andy rehearsal started coming seymour cindy looked hole sheet river street club butch brother andy sister cindy big sister friends big kids
find solutions ways read ways read found solution measuring things read jenny dog solved mystery sleeping beauty read spell read solution lifted spell read seymour solved sleeping beauty problem turns talking stories class want look reader log say words clearly listen talk begin think find solutions unusual places person needed find solution stories find solutions talk class fun find solutions electricity turn light television lightning electricity ago named benjamin franklin thought thought ways prove science story solution found night storm thunder lightning ben franklin flew kite storm put pointed piece wire end kite put metal key kite string hand lightning hit wire traveled metal traveled kite traveled metal key ben franklin electric shock proved lightning electricity thing try ben franklin dangerous
kite season friend calls fall kite season roof build kites grandfather teaching chinese learned boy wasn grandfather known kites think flying think planes loud engines rows seats tiny windows imagine flying puerto rico family think flying think kites friends things school busy lot say home school asked smile say working grandfather asked home school show apartment climbed flights top building grandfather waiting roof attaching string beautiful kite chinese hawk built school grandfather showed kites built butterfly kite fish kite bird kites kinds wind kite proud dragon kite tail round pieces strung painted green red
don move muscle order follow matter quiet try muscles moving body muscles moving rib cage breathe standing muscles pull bones moving balance re asleep heart muscle working pump blood muscles let blood move body person hundred muscles baby baseball player hundred muscles face neck letting laugh close eyes read eat food muscles called skeletal muscles fastened bones biceps muscle fastened lower arm bone elbow runs upper arm fastened top bone shoulder bend elbow biceps contracts shorter firmer press upper arm bending elbow feel biceps pulls lower arm stretch arm muscle triceps pulls arm muscle pull push muscles pairs biceps triceps partners turns pulling bend straighten elbow muscles pairs muscles open close mouth
girl named lydia lived father florist andy brother house tropical island warm noisy sea lydia father busy greenhouse plants flowers grew tall needed holes roof breathe lydia busy painting pictures reading books hammering nails gathering shells sewing clothes baking cakes lydia busy things left things unfinished finished andy didn didn asked lydia help haven father heard lydia say haven ho lydia busy listen bright early morning andy splashed beach found empty lobster trap dragged home lydia room sat sewing dress cat look shouted racing car lydia fix dr arnold race prize dog looking lydia haven race afternoon pleaded andy lydia stopped sewing look lobster trap fix later don care cried andy fix didn
girl wanted touch stars sky clear nights looked bedroom window stars twinkled glittered inky blackness sky stars fancy jewels jolly eyes summer evening lass set seek stars walked dark smooth pond evening seeking stars sky help re replied pond shine brightly face sleep nights dive lass catch lass dove pond swam star find walked fields chattering brook evening find stars sky reach yes yes re dancing stones water chattered brook catch lass waded star find don think stars cried look re brook loudly thing thing girl lass walked begun doubt road silver gray horse evening lass seeking stars sky feet weary carry climb replied horse feet
lived wealthy king named midas king midas fonder gold loved daughter marygold adored daughter wanted save riches days passed midas greedy stand touch gold spent dark room basement palace riches carefully locking door gather gold coins bring bright narrow sunbeam fell window reason loved sunbeam treasure wouldn shine aid midas treasure room shadow fell heaps gold king midas quickly looked saw strange young standing sunbeam wealthy king midas stranger room earth gold riches room answered midas re satisfied satisfy asked stranger midas thought moment wish touch change gold king midas exclaimed golden touch stranger grand idea absolutely sure satisfy fail midas wish replied stranger tomorrow sunrise find gifted golden touch
suddenly saw stranger standing door midas bent head quietly knew young appeared golden touch upset inquired found gold answered midas lost heart cared ah discovery yesterday stranger think worth gift golden touch marygold child cried midas wiser king midas stranger dive river garden vase water sprinkle statue marygold want change gold king midas bowed low lifted head stranger vanished midas lost snatching large vase running riverside dove headfirst river dipped vase water quickly ran palace thing sprinkle water handfuls golden statue marygold sooner fall rose color face surprised find dripping wet father tossing water led marygold garden sprinkled water roses bloomed beautiful colors smelled sweet king midas hated gold marygold golden hair remained color remind golden touch
lady lives small house overlooking sea rocks house grow blue purple rose colored flowers lady aunt told girl named alice lived city sea front stoop wharves bristling masts tall ships ago grandfather america large sailing ship worked shop bottom house making figureheads prows ships carving indians wood put front cigar stores alice grandfather artist painted pictures sailing ships places sea busy alice helped put skies evening alice sat grandfather knee listened stories faraway places finished alice say grow faraway places grow live sea alice grandfather thing asked alice beautiful grandfather alice meantime alice washed face ate porridge breakfast school home homework pretty soon grown
miss rumphius wonderful idea hurried home seed catalogues seed house bushels seed summer miss rumphius pockets full seeds wandered fields headlands sowing scattered seeds highways country lanes flung handfuls schoolhouse church tossed hollows stone walls didn hurt called crazy lady spring fields hillsides covered blue purple rose colored flowers bloomed highways lanes bright patches lay schoolhouse church hollows stone walls grew beautiful flowers miss rumphius difficult thing aunt alice miss rumphius hair white call lady friends stand gate curious lady planted fields invites slowly think oldest woman tells stories faraway places grow tell faraway places home live sea alice says aunt thing ask beautiful
rain fell steadily beat windows muffling sounds city sam gazed heard building playing harmonica filled sad lonely feelings rain heard music playing sam wondered sam hall listened music brother ben tagged walked flight stairs dog barking apt door mother sang softly crying baby apt sound flight apt ball game tv sounded million cheering apt hiss sizzling bacon apt yelling finally ground floor apt quiet container milk door stopped front apt betsy door maybe say hello sam thought let rest sat steps betsy music mon let home ben turned upstairs sam noticed container milk look door open peeked sharp voice startled sam sam figure table blind apartment matter scared sam shut door sat boys live upstairs sam whispered sam girl hall
contented country mouse received visit friend lived king palace country mouse glad guest set cheese wheat corn cottage supper sat fire chatted friend town mouse amazed happy dull place plain food eat truly wasting palace dancing fine food kinds exciting things dull moment return tomorrow country mouse decided sleep told guest give answer morning bed peace quiet night rest morning guest ready town asked friend king palace elegance fine food missed country mouse finally agreed friends set late evening arrived palace dining hall found remains jellies cakes delicate kind cheese finest half finished meal heard barking scratching dog meowing cat frightened death army servants burst room cleared town mouse safe mouse hole thoughtful show friend
houses grandpa friend peter glass house pebble path gardens maggie lives door wooden house rooms rooms carved doors brass doorknobs fine houses grandpa house favorite grandpa eyes grandpa blind house seeing morning sun pushes curtains eyes burrow covers light follows give throw covers run grandpa room sun wakes grandpa differently wakes says touches warming awake peek door grandpa morning exercises stops smiles hears morning john nana ask don says bending stretching close eyes john look eyes close eyes hear banging pots sound water running didn hear nana kitchen say open eyes grandpa nodding tall dark gray hair eyes sharp blue sharp seeing exercise grandpa try exercise eyes closed says grandpa wait cry grandpa fall sideways times grandpa laughs hears thumps carpet
walk path yard nana painting porch chairs grandpa smells paint color nana asks smell color blue tell smiling blue sky blue color grandpa eyes nana says younger remember blind grandpa things drink tea eat lunch porch grandpa pours cup tea putting finger inside rim cup tell full burns finger afterward wash dishes feels dries sends wash says grandpa pretending cross wash dry afternoon grandpa nana books read apple tree grandpa reads book fingers feeling raised braille dots tell words reads grandpa laughs loud tell funny says nana read papa nana put books listen gray squirrel comes trunk apple tree tail high listen grandpa supper grandpa turns television watch grandpa listens music words tell dangerous funny happy sad grandpa knows dark takes upstairs tucks bed bends kiss hands feeling head need haircut john says grandpa leaves pulls light chain bed turn light
moving west york city hard change especially friend tells gila monsters meet airport seymour live east street york city going stay forever mother father moving west say say stay forever west plays baseball re busy chasing buffaloes cactus look don look stand soon sit west takes fifteen minutes say hello west look silly wear chaps spurs bandanna hat big find underneath ride horse school don friend seymour eat salami sandwiches west won friends named tex slim eat chili beans breakfast lunch dinner seymour says gila monsters horned toads west read book seymour says meet airport re west don gila monster horned toad looks don think airport boy cowboy hat looks seymour tex hi say hi says moving east say
michael turner sisters gina diane dog named polly parents hear talk heard mom dad born deaf parents heard sounds babies think person hear learn talk true mom dad school deaf kids growing taught talk learned placing fingers teacher throat feeling words felt voice box learned words looked watching lips face spoke hard learn say words parents mother father understand saying reading lips thing parents learned school lip reading move bodies faces look talk help parents read lips talk hands mouths grandma ellis says words hands gina diane learning signs mother father learned sign language taught signs babies hearing parents teach children words grandparents friends neighbors helped learn talk
terrible mrs kitamura believe give pet rooster loves change mrs miyo called afternoon miyo home school grade home neighbor mrs kitamura called mrs miyo mother doctor university hospital didn home supper fine arrangement mrs kitamura widow enjoyed miyo company lonely basset hound named jefferson ten parrot named hamilton coal black cat named leonardo pet rooster named lincoln talked onions potatoes planted front yard lawn coaxing grow plump delicious miyo home school mrs talking potatoes onions today mrs seen wasn front wasn talking animals dog jefferson stretched sleepily greet miyo opened gate backyard hello jefferson kitamura miyo mrs jefferson wagged tail sniffed miyo special spot foot willow tree curled afternoon nap miyo stopped lincoln strutting pen making roosterlike sounds looking intelligent dignified
doctor nodded worst suspicions confirmed thought pulling prescription pad medicine ugh ramona twitching stopped nose throat felt fine feel assured doctor eyed prescription pad distrust acute case unusual shouldn tore prescription written instructed ramona give father hurried hall ramona remember illness tried read doctor scribbly cursive writing read neat cursive sort teacher wrote blackboard itching staring slip paper quimby beezus stepped elevator roberta tiny beezus radiant joy perfectly darling round nose love sick ramona tried sound pitiful awful doctor beezus paid attention roberta brown hair quimby interrupted ramona doctor kind handed father prescription scratched shoulder don sicker quimby read scribbly cursive strange thing lifted ramona gave big hug kiss lobby itching stopped ramona felt acute explained father means inflammation ramona knew meaning sibling father studied teacher brothers sisters siblings
nightie pockets end sleeves asked ramona cover hands scratching explained mrs quimby understand fingernails scratch ramona sat buckled seat belt looked roberta amazing tiny grown hair calmed remembered comb learned eyes hands think asked wait answer think hard baby ramona spoke discovered unknown rest words unexpected love sympathy tiny person mother arms thought mrs quimby think re growing hard quimby drove hospital grown hard ramona thought thought loose teeth real sore throats quarrels misunderstandings teachers longing bicycle family afford worrying parents terrible felt hurt beezus feelings meaning afternoons mrs kemp looked mother survived funny remarked father steered car driveway funny asked mother funny looking cross eyed roberta ramona look wonderful re beezus
windy starlit night want run dark road jump sky dudley parents auction hot crowded barn full furniture books junk selling things stood box end barn talked buying chest drawers drawers handled saw box yellowed dishes blue flowers edges eaten fifty times thousand times want things dudley asked beautiful father mother rest dudley asked father things remind lived someday dudley maybe hundred buy baby cradle yellow cocoa mug shelf look wonder cocoa mug picture orphan annie dudley father yellow bicycle dudley mother green porcelain flowerpot handles think dudley things yes dudley mother knew names give ten dollars beautiful mirror holding beautiful mirror bet mirror reflected million things dudley father held hand
miyoshi lived grandmother small village sea island small philippines miyoshi helped grandmother catching fish raising vegetables fish vegetables need food sold village food left sell miyoshi took pole favorite place rock sea pocket largest worm seen fish lived water rocks place miyoshi caught fish miyoshi put worm hook dropped hook water sat wait deep surface huge fish swimming slowly hook mouth worm miyoshi hoping fish hear frightened worm fish wanted ate worm quick bite felt hook swam quickly quickly pulled pole miyoshi hands miyoshi cried jumped feet favorite pole fish hook going soon miyoshi pole floating top water waves carrying miyoshi sadly sat rock looked water fish swam rocks hope liked lunch catch thing
monday flat low history mondays period mixed directions math gym cancelled raining macaroni lunch disappointments perfectly decent matter happened thirty took house key bag let front door house completely empty smelled eggs breakfast dishes piled sink newspaper stacked chair living room father reads takes bus house cold damp mother hurry leave written note welcome home child working parents knew course mother beginning job brother nicholas born knew house empty home clock brothers philip practice list instructions mother telephone number job assistant editor chance magazine thing things brain happen wonderful house grown dark empty coffin kitchen took instructions tacked bulletin board bottom mother telephone number dialed afternoon chance woman end phone mrs asked mrs
kid sister cheryl boasted sioux grandpa joe iron shell friends lived city knew indians movies tv impressed stories maybe stretched truth grandpa sound glamorous return home iowa yearly summer visit grandpa exciting tale tell real sioux gift show listeners visit grandpa gave small round flat skin drum painting warrior riding horse taught real sioux chant sing beat drum leather covered stick feather end attention showed grandpa picture proud knew exciting tales told didn real thing friends laughed picture grandpa wasn tall stately tv indians hair wasn braids hung gray strings neck grandfather didn live tipi part log part tar paper shed rosebud reservation south dakota grandpa visit worried died lot fancy dogs barked mail carrier safety yards sounded pack barking place walked street causing noise
lady looking curiously shoe hand gently wondering hard surprise lina glanced hand holding wooden shoe reddened hastily slipped foot grandmother think real grandmother grandmother village oldest lady certainly looked silly lina hobbling street shoe carrying wonder grandmother iii house lina trying explain giggled silly fished mind explanation grandmother iii wasn standing grinning superior adult looked mystified inquisitive lina decided tell guess look silly odd helps think look shoe thinking hard forget put defensively yes lady immediately funny odd things help think sort rocking sucking piece candy girl carefully settled top step brick stoop looked settling chat course thinking hard forget shoe chuckled chuckle don tell won sleep night trying guess
sal born cerebral palsy crutches help walk legs fitted braces stiffness hands sal living school students cerebral palsy sal ready school house selection begins sal morning home family strange sal looked clothes put wear morning sal unable speak sal shook head mother rose reached clothes piece spread sal knees show buttons re worried head bent heart thumping uncomfortably sal inspected clothing expression face grew sheepish looked buttons single button fact clothes lap simplest clothes put sal seen skirt full top zipper tricky fastening blouse white boat neck rolled collar hooks eyes underwear especially generous openings arms legs things dressing difficult missing clothes looked lovely sorry re wonderful clothes sal gulped mother dropped bed circled sal lightly arms sally sally don afraid softly think re scared death going walk leave look don didn sure didn need
adam anderson einstein real called einstein famous scientists einstein interested science remember talked science read science experimented science solved puzzles science teachers called einstein einstein anderson twelve boy sixth grade light brown eyes strange look tell thinking question science einstein loved jokes kinds liked puns liked bad puns saturday einstein wanted sleep late promised friend margaret early going science experiments eat lunch lunch school play baseball margaret einstein friend classmate tall einstein sports science favorite subject einstein margaret working microscopes enjoyed talking important science subjects liked talk science pupil sparta middle school einstein arrived margaret house feeding tropical fish kinds surface water grabbing food wide open mouths einstein looked fish minute turned margaret fish margaret knew einstein liked bad jokes suspiciously big mouth shut won caught
dived underwater cave saw beautiful fish cave sharks coming shark slipped cave don prove sharks sleep caves ramon maybe put pajamas give alarm clock begged return soon research team pupils mexican divers photographers nineteen daughter saw sharks caves unbelievable eugenie wrote national geographic magazine face face sea deadly denizens dangerous situation shark crowded backed corner thrilled unforgettable moment eugenie wanted learn mexican diver told sharks touched lifted gently dangerous poked sharks swim settled big streamlined sharks stop swimming studies eugenie knew took energy streamlined shark stop swimming swimming shark rest harder water flowing gills eugenie team searched answers caves noticed sharks caves clean skin free parasites tiny animals grow skin big fish eugenie saw fish cleaning shark cave fish going gill opening removing parasites nibbled parasites shark head shark big body
beth lives mother father brother luther sister anne farm sell turkeys pigs story begins beth excited parents promised trade turkeys brand collie puppy asked collie ma put fixing listen nonsense face don collie pa swap girl kitchen tell pa collie pleaded ma mouth set nonsense eyes eyes filled pure pleasure told kitchen didn suddenly understood threw open screen door waiting close gently ran straight line living room kitchen saw cardboard carton cookstove reddish brown puppy circle white fluffy hair ringing neck spilling chest dropped knees showed open palms hi puppy beautiful collie puppy beautiful sure ma collie looked moments feet trotted re friendly patting hey friendly ma smacking lips word tasting
wilbur smallest baby pigs born farm girl named fern lived fern parents allowed care wilbur large sold wilbur sold lives barnyard fern visits chapter book charlotte web afternoon june wilbur months wandered small yard barn fern arrived usual visit wilbur stood sun feeling lonely bored thought walked slowly food trough sniffed overlooked lunch found small strip potato skin ate itched leaned fence rubbed boards tired walked indoors climbed top manure pile sat didn feel going sleep didn feel digging tired standing tired lying months tired living walked yard place indoors place yard re wrong friend friend voice wilbur looked fence saw goose standing don stay dirty dirty dirty yard goose talked fast boards loose push push push push
margie wrote night diary page headed wrote today tommy found real book book margie grandfather boy grandfather told stories printed paper turned pages yellow crinkly funny read words stood moving supposed screen turned page words read gee tommy waste re book throw guess television screen million books plenty wouldn throw mine margie eleven seen telebooks tommy thirteen find house pointed looking busy reading attic school margie scornful school write school hate school margie hated school hated mechanical teacher giving test test geography worse worse mother shaken head sorrowfully county inspector round red face box tools dials wires smiled margie gave apple took teacher
class mrs friedman homework weekend groaned assignment weekend continued mrs friedman ignoring groans write composition kenny clark qualities turned blackboard black green re supposed call chalkboard mrs friedman calls wrote want pick quality think important tell don kenny clark sullenly important want mrs friedman replied decide don quality think important quality feel quality feel success decide important spider webb raised hand quality smoothed hair ear lowered hand eyeing beauty trying figure write beautiful sounding conceited tried picture blown yellow balloon puffed face feet hot air stuck pin mrs friedman explained quality admire depends approach idea bell rang
remember morning rufus idea toothpaste shopping mother cut rate drugstore toothpaste things rufus list heard rufus say inch tube toothpaste crazy pointed tubes farther shelf crazier rufus tubes anyway peppermint flavoring paste maybe paste expensive don need powdered gold paste rufus anyway paying tube toothpaste rufus crossed toothpaste mother shopping list mother toothpaste help expensive toothpaste rufus bet gallon needs toothpaste cheap toothpaste worth rufus rode bikes home think cost toothpaste don rufus thought brush teeth stayed grandma mayflower north carolina bicarbonate soda plain baking soda put soda powder toothbrush stuff mother tries give feel sick stomach bicarbonate soda water stand taste guess don brush teeth rufus
night lion country seen bimbo group picked signs anyway knew lions maybe roaring king beasts dragged told built thorny circular enclosure protecting photographer lion charge won charge fire episode sporty lion haven mentioned sporty deserves words terrier picked southampton plain beginning thought biggest thing africa think small terrier sticking chest sporty red tongue lolled cocked head side regarded sort speculative air signs feeling superiority evening darkness began spread veldt smith sitting side side tent waiting supper porters busy routine business making camp safe called softly look looked pointed lion calmly regarding camp sporty terrier sitting smith seen lion cat simply curious wasn hungry usual procedure yell throw burning sticks stones turn majestically business
clock morning dark cold ten emily awoke suddenly hoarse whispers rose road lonely farm home edge salem marsh redcoats coming river raiders philadelphia hoofbeats galloping february motherless emily sprang bed flew shivering gray clothes crammed brown hair black cap father brother joshua ran barn turned puzzled cows lantern light started plodding muddy lane hiding places marsh father brother harnessed horses wagon emily raced bedrooms larder collecting blankets feather pillows cheeses butter pickles honey bread snatched smoked hams inside chimney tied food bed sheets slung wagon moment emily pointed fireplace cried papa washington gold safe daughter let papa small fair thin mouthed grim mama died patted emily head whispered soon sprang joshua wagon cattle lane raiders emily wondered likely wished gold nervously began start morning fire flames flickered moving light upward studied sooty bricks chimney wall stood signpost ready beckon redcoat glanced fire
paul sister maureen live grandparents ranch chincoteague island coast virginia call pony chincoteague bay island assateague round wild ponies bring chincoteague soon paul took part roundup brought wild pony called phantom maureen longed early morning red gold rising sun paul maureen chose phantom training period turns riding beach hard packed rain main street hooves sounded seashells pinging pavement trails carpeted pine needles sound rode pony grounds getting feel track sight white fence phantom familiar glorious sight fame grew spread pleasant sundays visitors mainland began coming finally monday morning pony grandma asked question maureen hanging clothes paul perched top chicken coop silently whittling pole clothes prop ye grandma removed clothespin mouth ye ride phantom big race silence answer grandma brightly ye won yer fine idea
encyclopedia brown known encyclopedia brown knew things knew run business brown detective agency encyclopedia father chief police town idaville encyclopedia successful business father asked help case encyclopedia solves mystery involving buried treasure clues story find clues answer winslow idaville master snooped grown thrown valuable mistake ash safe snooping rewarded owned finest collection bottle caps dead tennis balls neighborhood wasn snooping brown detective agency drooping nearly moaned sagged wall asked encyclopedia treasure winslow dream treasure belief big chance slipped fingers ran winslow whipped piece cloth colors run making large red smear map showing henri la buried treasure knew famous pirate henri la hundred ago small islands south someplace supposedly buried fortune map broken music box found yesterday morning winslow told sad story showed map pete pete sixteen owned sailboat agreed winslow islands share treasure
september recess emily ivy liked play games small pink balls buy candy store called high friends played alice husband arthur live alabama sell anteaters phyllis bounced ball steady rhythm swinging leg word barbara husband bill live boston sell trying think animal letter alphabet emily stood patricia hare waiting turn phyllis missed letter couldn think place egypt suggested emily knew letter began patricia bushy curls bounced rhythm ball letters quickly couldn think sell gave ball angry bounce tossed emily emily letter hard hit neck making miss bounce rubbed neck stung looked circle girls stood johnny ringer grinning matter mott bounce ball fine johnny laughed miss huh yeah miss re perfect think re smart showoff emily felt blush johnny wasn fair wasn showoff
land ago lived farmer wife daughter loved deeply farmer wife plenty daughter suffered hardship pick young kingdom liking fate changed king land war soldiers took food livestock winter hard farmer ill wife spent nursing daughter learn hunt bring food table fine clothes rags hands grew rough young kingdom saw maiden longer dowry rough peasant heart maiden grew bitter thought mother send difficult journey father die house south wind spring garden draw clear drink water bring silver cup maiden set home south wind horse ox foot don drink water spring south wind father thought weary miles arrived south wind spring clouded
re shiftless mrs woodlawn decidedly shiftless terrible word pioneer wisconsin caddie tom warren exchanged discouraged glances delighted father mother children returned foot wheeling possessions wheelbarrow mrs mccantry children standing road casting wistful glances cozy white house waited tom caddie inform parents neighbors return mother caddie emma nice left carry wheelbarrow chance rest mrs woodlawn severely farm needs sell finer wheelbarrow judge hastily harriet woodlawn mildly doorway father ask night begged caddie woodlawn pleasant wink caddie wife smooth dark head let farm night let obligation mrs woodlawn whirled suspicious look eyes catch husband smile tail end wink beginning laugh intended let supper night rest feel think
charlie rosie purlin live sam sally marco dane ferdinand isabella live chandelier owl named ralph things gotten crowded rosie geranium fell charlie pot stew decided needed space home looked stacks newspapers magazines books house purlin family houses apartments fit decided house built perfect purlins houses paid hot dogs buying hot dog tell want vendor makes hot dog mustard onion catsup relish give vendor cash money change money pay cash house cost charlie rosie charlie rosie borrow money bank pay house built pay part money month pay money borrowed pay bank allowing money arrangement called mortgage banker help charlie rosie figure money afford spend purlin house weekends driving place find place build house grassy slope trees piece land house built called site
putting famous books news stories headlines pictures things instance alice wonderland headline say girl falls rabbit hole alice tells strange adventures news article underneath thought end psychiatric examination county hospital bad charles thoughtfully fill newspaper stuff sure pages drawings things run ideas think idea serena sounded interested began project haskell classified ads unexpected speechless instance grin lost flock sheep owner heartbroken generous reward call bo peep charles suggested real estate large house bedrooms desperately needed contact woman shoe recipe serena broke blackbird pie twenty blackbirds big pie plate laughed charles think write whispered idea type asked neat copies printers type charles volunteered fast okay relieved divide typing pictures offered serena listen remembered guiltily didn vote maybe vote yes serena
selection meg father murry traveled held captive evil force planet meg brother charles wallace friend calvin travel rescue murry point murry rescued landed strange planet rescue meg hurt charles wallace captured evil force coming moving silence brown grass figures magnificent creatures inhabitants resembled strange things approaching dull gray color flowers walked upright animals moved directly human beings arms fingers hand fingers fingers waving tentacles heads faces faces creatures human faces features indentations place ears hair tentacles tall meg realized closer taller eyes soft indentations meg rigid frozen body tried shudder terror shudder pain moaned things stood appeared looking eyes murry continued kneel meg massaging
surprise sudden flood light room triggered noisy outcry lia blinked began recognize bouncing figures dorm friends gasps pointing fingers reminded looked hastily tugged flight cap response cap let hair surprise party forgotten moment young women gathered lia gave peace pulled cap head friends faces revealed varying kinds surprise shock dismay calla reached touched lock blond hair curled front lia ear rubbed tan bare scalp sighed touched real hair whispered wonder grow lia grimly tossing bag hours tickles eyebrows breathed zoi painted solution eyebrow shapes lia carefully higher zoi shook head grow hair emphatically look primitive idea lia project means lot look part room grew silent hint chill flow calla lia friend school turned let talk project lia softly let fun party girls moved small table covered hot soybean bars icy juice packs
incredible middle april snowed skip peeked mountain papers warm april afternoon bloodhound gang sorting office files call spring cleaning ricardo knock door interrupt middle aged tweed jacket blue jeans skip hudson moore art professor blake university need help valuable art stolen office worth vikki cleared stack files chair professor sank cybil sadly asked vikki heard moore soon exciting young modern artist paintings office asked ricardo university explained moore watercolor paper wasn framed saw top desk knew asked vikki replied professor strange known small piece paper worth office asked vikki moore replied secretary polly knight teaching assistant jonathon clarke course chairperson art department jameson narrows skip asked professor say don cybil going painting simply vanished
held large blackboard writing fast explained quiet valley sound place valley began echoes gather winds rest stone fortress lives rules land king wisdom appointed guardian sounds noises past present future ruled wise beloved monarch morning sunrise releasing sounds borne winds kingdom night moonset gathering sounds catalogued filed vast storage vaults writer paused moment mop brow blackboard full erased completely continued anew top generous fault provided sound possibly singing worked bubbling pots stew chop ax crash tree creak hinge hoot owl squish shoe mud friendly tapping rain roof sweet music pipes sharp snap winter ice cracking ground paused tear longing rolled cheek lip sweet salty taste memory sounds carefully alphabetical order neatly future reference lived peace valley flourished happy home sound things began change slowly rush settle brought ways sounds beautiful
blind infancy englishwoman busy productive help guide dog emma sheila offered slim chance regaining sight agreed surgery bandages removed items list look mirror seen emma seen worried idea expect half mind half mind insisted delaying sat couch nearly quarter hour stroking emma summoning bathroom confronted saw total stranger think lips moved moved mine eyes blinked blinked suppose expected recognition suddenly form opinion hair thought bad bad color emma feature looking nose put hand touch couldn believe mine felt nose grown appalled appearance dominated entire face told took realize extraordinary thought nose bedroom looked closet clothes friends helped buy
russians occupied poland war ii esther family uprooted home poland forced move labor camp siberia vast treeless plain known steppe family gypsum mine autobiography esther describes hardships happier moments stay steppe weeks gypsum mine passed settled monotony vast endless steppe torn sleep morning whistle beginning didn sleeping floor strangers soon passed slip sleep wakefulness barely noticing difference told worked munched bread cheese special treat bowl soup bits meat slept barely talked fever flared spent days room someplace father found straw mattress lay feverish doze unceremoniously yanked popravka warden learned love nights later told assemble meeting gathered waited front building director mine office air hot sky darkening quickly distance flash light
wife closets apartment looks tornado maddening able find want marion won open closet door discover delightful forgotten recently small cardboard box unfamiliar moved box heard soft tinkling glass suddenly cast characters past tumbled unwrapped box carefully took chinese wind chime cluster glass shapes catch breeze reward melody held blew gently instantly heard sound vanished marion holding chime hand looked sooty apartment air lived apartment dozen blocks number city buildings air indented space building neighbor air direct pipeline neighbors floor especially summer knew speak hallway knew intimately air mrs early nearly grown children girard age girard spoiled moved building december closed windows heard girard shouts demands spring windows opened began living firing line
began working journalism mother idea wanted levelheaded appraisal strengths decided start young chance keeping competition flaw character spotted lack gumption idea perfect afternoon lying front radio rereading favorite big book dick tracy meets stooge mother despised inactivity seeing repose powerless hide disgust gumption bump log kitchen help doris dirty dishes sister doris younger gumption dozen positively enjoyed washing dishes making beds cleaning house carry piece short weighted cheese threaten manager legal action triumphantly full quarter pound paid ounces extra thrown forgiveness doris girl defect hope career nurse schoolteacher capable females considered days saddened mother twist fate allocated gumption daughter left son content dick tracy stooge disappointed wasted energy pity
ago summer hot august sat window watched pearlers ready sail father salazar famous dealer pearls vermilion sea known guadalajara city mexico fine pearls wrested sea july birthday partner business grand fiesta town miles drink chocolate eat pig roasted deep pit biggest part beginning feast father brought sign hidden moment nailed door office sign tall gilt letters salazar son legend small letters word pearls father beamed pride ramon pointing sign look deal pearls sell pearls finer sell pearls cities looked sign blinked eyes felt shouting moment father feel boy partner house salazar ramon pull cuffs scrawny small age thin wrists thin father ashamed
thousands ocean wings steam air young inhabitants america visit europe monuments cities disappearing nowadays pilgrimages crumbling splendors southern asia thousands thames danube rhine rolling course mont blanc standing snowcapped summit aurora borealis shine countries north generation generation dust ranks mighty today forgotten slumber burial mound rich corn merchant owns land put bench enjoy view wide waving cornfields europe cry young generation america land fathers glorious land memory fantasy europe airship arriving overcrowded travelers crossing quicker sea electromagnetic wire ocean previously number passengers aerial caravan europe sight coast ireland looms horizon passengers asleep asked called england set foot european soil land shakespeare literary call call land politics land machinery devoted visit bustling generation spare famous sights england scotland
buffalo bird woman born ago missouri river known north dakota told story anthropologist gilbert wilson published autumn harvested scanty crops moon yellow leaves struck tents winter camp tribe built winter village thick woods missouri reach cold prairie winds earth lodges summer village smaller rudely put camp winter fishhook point father lodge carefully constructed winter lodges earth heaped thick roof warmth sloping walls leaned thorny rosebushes dogs climbing digging holes roof fireplace round shallow pit edges plastered smooth mud walls stood family beds covered tent skin frame poles winter lodge warm older children family twin lodge built small lodge roof peaked tepee covered bark earth covered passage led main lodge twin lodge feeble sickly members family sit snug warm coldest children household playhouse
ten interminable journey midland plain north america lost father mother virginia relatives sending grandparents lived nebraska traveled care mountain boy jake hands father farm blue ridge going west grandfather jake experience wider mine railway train morning set try fortunes coaches sticky grimy stage journey jake bought newsboy offered candy oranges brass collar buttons watch charm jesse james remember satisfactory books read chicago protection friendly passenger conductor knew country going gave deal advice exchange confidence experienced worldly conversation threw lightly names distant states cities wore rings pins badges fraternal orders belonged cuff buttons engraved hieroglyphics inscribed egyptian obelisk sat chat told immigrant car ahead family water destination
think believed machine fact clever believed felt saw round suspected subtle reserve ingenuity ambush lucid frankness shown model explained matter words shown scepticism perceived motives pork butcher understand touch whim elements distrusted things fame clever tricks hands mistake things easily took seriously felt sure aware trusting reputations judgment furnishing nursery egg shell china don think travelling interval thursday odd potentialities ran doubt minds plausibility practical curious possibilities anachronism utter confusion suggested part preoccupied trick model remember discussing medical met friday seen similar thing laid considerable stress blowing candle trick explain
mama telephoned brother seen fifty singapore uncle spent fortune throwing party friends hong kong americans steadily richer building savings mama chinese save spend debt party told ready dialing written letters agreeing january cheap singapore size exclaimed look difference hours fifteen hours heard alarms house leapt bed nervousness wrapped blanket dialed operator hearing uncle phone ring handed receiver mother heard ring handed talk yelled met brother talk didn want scare parents friends hang forget answer chinese accent index finger mother hand held phone tapped involuntarily cheek part shook happy wah yelled loudest voice titles baby brother named chinese republic wah re yes re fine yes celebrate
flurry arrival trumpets shouting rooms teeming boarders neighbors afternoon tea aunt arrived rose hear voice clarion clear imagine warm huge hothouse rose exactly filling room sat douglas voice commotion house stood grandma kitchen door grandma excused chicken parlor whisked domain set making supper saw standing opened screen door kissed brow looked straight face singing grandma wanted say began surely begun place kitchen doubt center creation things revolved sustained temple eyes shut let nose wander snuffed deeply moved hell fire steams sudden baking powder flurries snow miraculous climate grandma look indies eyes flesh firm warm hens bodice grandma thousand arms shook basted whipped beat diced peeled wrapped salted stirred blind touched pantry door squeal laughter rang parlor teacups tinkled moved cool underwater green wild persimmon country slung hanging odor creamy bananas ripened silently bumped head
village named village heard travelers speak wonders wisdom found yearned bush country obtain wisdom found yams harvested decided journey small son find things prepared son bathed put finest clothes fed camel watered mounted camel seated boy friends stood trail departed wishing safe journey son rode town buildings women going coming produce heads distance hum marketplace rode trading going amazed activity son wisdom quantities let let learn watched goings fascination soon noticed pointing making comments listened kind heard say makes half starved camel carry persons yes bush country feelings exhausted camel
vicky austin spends summer bay island meets adam works brother john nearby marine biology station vicky takes unforgettable journey swims sea meets subjects adam study dolphins morning biked station bathing suit rolled towel stuffed wicker bike basket adam maybe going swim found wishing paid attention science school composition music things didn dolphins difference dolphin porpoise thought porpoise generic included kinds dolphins breakfast thought asking decided going learn cetaceans going adam adam known wasn spectacularly gorgeous kind light drew moth candle talked dolphins alight alive wanted didn think going easy reticent guess mean living kind barracks grey building stilts cool summer cold winter sitting steps waiting cut blue jeans legs tan sneakers ties broken knotted faded blue shirt smiled light inside
living room desk tom benecke rolled sheets flimsy heavier top sheet carbon paper sandwiched portable inter office memo top sheet headed typed tomorrow date glanced creased yellow sheet covered handwriting typewriter hot muttered short hallway heard muffled clang wire coat hangers bedroom closet reminder wife thought guilty conscience shoving hands pockets grey wash slacks stepped living room window desk stood breathing glass watching expanding circlet mist staring autumn night lexington avenue eleven stories tall lean dark haired young pullover sweater looked played football basket ball college heels hands top edge lower window frame shoved upwards usual window didn budge lower hands shoot hard upwards jolt window open inches dusted hands muttering didn begin crossed room hallway entrance leaning door jamb hands shoved pockets called clare wife answered sure don mind going voice muffled knew head shoulders bedroom closet tap high heels sounded wood floor appeared end hallway wearing slip hands raised ear clipping earring
beggar coming avenue parsons emerged hotel blind beggar carrying traditional battered cane thumping cautious half furtive effort sightless shaggy thick fellow coat greasy lapels pockets hand splayed cane crook futile sort clinging wore black pouch slung shoulder apparently sell air rich spring sun warm yellowed asphalt parsons standing front hotel noting clack clack approach sightless felt sudden foolish sort pity blind creatures thought parsons glad alive ago skilled laborer successful respected admired insurance unaided struggling beneath handicaps young blue air spring fresh memories windy pools lush shrubbery thrill eagerness took step forward tap tapping blind passed quickly shabby fellow turned listen guv minute parsons late appointment want give guv bet handy article fumbled press small object parson hand sell buck cigarette lighter parsons stood annoyed embarrassed
aprils civil war divides jethro nation family favorite brother bill disappeared refusing side union brothers tom john cousin eb fight north early spring march weather warm higher fields dry plowing jethro carried rifle john place mother fretted deal father insisted jethro learned handle gun properly bring kind wild game table need defend desperate field plowed early march bordered east dense woods jethro conscious approached woods side field sharp harsh call wild turkey sound strange kind insistence stupid bird demanded stop listen halted team walked distance woods calls furiously returned team moved west stopped round field repetitions pattern jethro tethered team taking rifle walked woods heart beat fast walked slim brown hand clutching rifle wet sweat walked slowly carefully pausing listen calls stopped half convinced actually wild bird move minutes began softer certainly coming throat
ramona valdez leaned office chair focused alert dark eyes nathan bancroft sitting speaking earnestly saturday technician employed highly classified research laboratories stole plans secret type laser device ms valdez nodded intently bancroft understand situation region laboratory caverns connected gigantic system natural tunnels rooms crevices underground streams mapped explored technologist stole plans known ardent speleologist cave explorer possibly reason hobby suffers hay fever cavern air pure case period spent entire days underground complex branching tunnels known maze minos numerous cave explorers lost local shun caverns unfortunately known expert underground maze technician thief doubt ms valdez thief expected plans discovered missing sheer luck director laboratory discovered immediately happened notified authorities spotted soon disappearing plans cavern maze minos ms valdez clean replied bancroft tunnels angle million directions course dark blackest night simply vanished ms valdez nodded
story familiar christopher columbus sea captain italian city genoa king portugal daring plan proposed reach wealthy lands east sailing west needed shops money voyage king john listened politely asked advice royal counselors plan columbus turned later columbus approached queen isabella spain request ships money plan studied astronomers mathematicians learned advisors reported plan reaching east sailing west succeed columbus finally convinced queen isabella supply ships money voyage impressed conviction plan knowledge sea sailing advisers dubious afraid columbus sail edge earth worried ships swallowed sea monsters argue side lived upside certainly believe flat contrary educated agreed earth round problem fifteenth century knew earth sphere knew exactly big covered water important matters wishing sail
stamps arkansas met lady threw line mrs bertha flowers aristocrat black stamps grace control warm coldest weather arkansas summer days private breeze swirled cooling thin taut look wiry printed dresses flowered hats denim overalls farmer side answer richest white woman town skin rich black peeled plum snagged thought getting close mrs flowers ruffle dress let snag skin didn encourage familiarity wore gloves don think saw mrs flowers laugh smiled slow widening thin black lips show small white teeth slow effortless closing chose smile wanted thank action graceful benign gentlewomen known remained measure human momma strange relationship passed road front store spoke momma soft carrying voice mrs henderson momma responded sister flowers mrs flowers didn belong church momma familiar earth insist calling sister flowers
room sucker slept room didn interfere room mine wanted sucker thought swell bring friends room glance sucker busy maybe half smile leave saying word brought kids twelve younger knew telling didn want kids age meddling things half forget sucker brother cousin practically remember family folks killed wreck baby kid sisters brother sucker remember believe word nick couple ago told jump garage umbrella act parachute wouldn fall hard busted knee instance funny thing matter times fooled believe dumb ways acted look quietly
beginning toy notion change france jean baptiste de lamarck buffon boldly suggested species rise arisen species passionate lamarck believed organism position scale nature course highest form pointed fossil animals found older layers rock simpler forms contended higher animals gradual progression view force caused organism generate structures organs meet biological needs structures continued develop change acquired generation succeeding generations lamarck cited neck giraffe maintained evolved generation giraffes stretched necks effort reach topmost branches trees transmitted genes longer neck offspring lamarck arguments persuade lecture audiences foment french revolution lively discussion intellectual circles society large firm conviction arisen special creation ruled consideration concept intellectual climate darwin born conservative france english horrified french revolution ideas held french atheists dismissed hand viewed extreme suspicion partly reason church continued hold strong sway sciences biologists england continued adhere rigidly traditional tenets
guess earth days difficult thing imagine planet planet earth lifeless ears hear eyes crusty lichens slimy molds lurked globe lifeless ball matter covered thin layer hot swirling gas earth hot molten volcanic surface began cool solidify piercing shrieks groans deep rumblings crust startled heavy billowing clouds miles thick surrounded darkened sphere blackness split spewing gapes earth thunderous lightning water vapor condensed fell sterile earth exploded heat lofted skyward crackling hiss happened molecules earth substance rearranged form progenitors molecules part highly complex structures branching chains atoms complicated simple water ammonia methane comprised earth atmospheres simpler molecules joined trouble molecules tendency join coexist nicely side side interacting took place encouraged interact cooling earth pools water condensed surface important atmosphere cooled torrential rains incredible proportion water rushed exposed surface swept salts minerals embedded rocks mineral laden waters poured cracks crevices parched earth turning pattering streams pounding rivers
carbohydrates lipids composed carbon hydrogen oxygen lipids oxygen lipids insoluble water fats type lipid known number kinds fats interest variety reasons important fats fatty acid components chief forms energy storage body energy weight carbohydrates proteins think fat bursting strength energy molecule fat consists types compounds alcohol glycerol fatty acids glycerol chain carbon atoms hydroxyl group formation fats hydroxyl groups glycerol join hydrogens carboxyl cooh units fatty acids process condensation removal water pointed fatty acid chains highly variable sixteen eighteen carbon units shorter longer fatty acid components don length fats vary carbon atoms bonded fats carbon chains fully saturated hydrogen atoms fats carbon atoms joined double bond filling shell requirements adding hydrogen atoms type fat called saturated guess type called important lipids fats waxes saturated fatty acid chains phospholipids phospholipids hydroxyl group glycerol attached molecule phosphorous
abbot gregor mendel remarkable person depicted kindly cloth puttering monastery garden stumbled important laws governing genetic transmission penchant building myths embellish memory led astray fact early mendel began training sciences competent naturalist support worked substitute high school science teacher professors school noting unusual abilities suggested rigorous qualifying examination regular member faculty mendel took test surprisingly failed qualify conditions teaching high school rigorous monastic order mendel belonged confident abilities university vienna concentrated study science mathematics mendel returned monastery began plan hybridization studies earnest especially noted high level intelligence vigor applied qualities study plant breeding developed varieties fruits vegetables abreast latest developments field active community affairs darwin puzzling enigma heredity wondering traits actually transmitted mendel presented single paper meeting braun natural science society paper published society proceedings apparently understood mendel talking famous met resounding silence
point begin tread softly care difficult find biologists agree single classifications living things broad principle course recognize animal eyes large teeth going easily convinced autotroph re going tell owner farmhouse rushed animal chasing re lucky won biologist won say quick grief order living things easy classify say organism turn crystal amoeba animal plant animal depends re talking person believes kingdoms living things say amoeba animal certainly plant person believes living things divided say kingdoms amoeba yanked animals group tiny celled species called protista adhere kingdom approach discussion helps simplify things evolutionists tell makes sense say major groups closely related groups important ways task separating species proper groups easy problem species species bacteria species birds
group ascomycetes include common molds neurospora called brown green pink molds occur bread course mold penicillin derived related mold responsible flavor cheeses allergic penicillin react violently cheeses ascomycetes compatible human endeavor powdery mildews infect lilac roses cereal grains ascomycetes sexual asexual phases common type asexual spore called formed budding tip specialized hypha called mycelium produces later give rise spores ascus spores formed simple budding fusion nuclei hyphae subsequent mitotic meiotic divisions produce spectacular fruiting bodies fungi half meter wide mushrooms toadstools giant bracket fungi found damp logs spectacular dangerous delicately hued called destroying angel wheat rust smut fungi attack cereal grains group devastating crops known influence international relations food supplies fall scarce walls fungi chitinous hyphae completely compartmentalized forming separate cells ascomycetes cell walls perforated cytoplasm move cell spore produced union types nuclei undergo meiosis called
bonding feeling attraction developed reproductive partners strengthened union originally established purely physical basis kind bond provided basis called love bonding love hard say able acceptable definition phenomenon known human develops fact need strong attachments human attraction term short term term relationships formalized marriage system culture discourages breaking association pointed species build term bonds geese mate member pair mate lost humans specific point male female likely initiate happen coast clear events preceding humans widely animals specific signals precede act female chimpanzee presentation livid rear end male males mount soliciting normal conditions physical prerequisites intercourse humans simply erect penis lubricated vagina conditions achieved course sexual behavior act varies widely expression cultures individual established sexual partners human penis supplied number blood vessels open large blood chambers sexual arousal blood restricted leaving penis constriction rings muscles vessels base penis
abortion lightly measure discomfort physical economic terms involves severe emotional trauma parents extremely difficult decision abort fetus surprised anguish offspring efficient expect abortion grain degree produce real agony agony woman mentioned neglect emotional upset happy say abortion opposed basis encourages sexual freedom possibility viewed alarm quarters arguments heard land woman pay piper fun let accept consequences form compulsory pregnancy assumption moral responsibility expected women idea child considered form interesting rarely acknowledged de facto proponents course arguments heard regarding abortion provide starting point discussion interested hearing arguments bring subject parents party final point consideration sweden study happened children mothers denied abortion compared matched set children wanted found unwanted grew illegitimate broken homes institutions records delinquency declared unfit military service required psychiatric care times social welfare programs teens
problems ridding body metabolic wastes maintaining proper internal water levels solved vertebrates number ways freshwater fish freshwater protozoa live hypotonic medium concentration particles body fluids higher surrounding water water tends move bodies osmosis means rid excess water greater number tiny clumps blood vessels kidneys called glomeruli consider structure general provide large surface fluids leave blood collected kidney result metabolic waste fresh water fish highly dilute saltwater animals interestingly problem desert animals conserving water seawater hypertonic medium higher concentration solutes marine animal body fluids animals tend lose water osmosis result developed smaller water filters kidney species mechanism augmented special glands excrete salt seawater animals drink species gills eliminate nitrogenous waste blood passes sharks rays strategy retain urea waste blood raise osmotic pressure body fluid nearly seawater terrestrial mammals including humans face problem flush nitrogenous wastes bodies losing water large part human food protein afford protein paradoxically source excretory problems digestion proteins hydrolyzed amino acids transported cells utilized
humans accidentally contact substances inactivate important neural enzymes horrible consequences insecticides parathion sprayed crops country advantage short lived unlike ddt days spraying chemicals believed harmless chemicals block effects mind enzyme functions chains neurons firing blindly response accumulating transmitter substance acetylcholine diffusing nearby neurons causing fire think behavorial effect exposed insecticides deaths chicago attributed chemicals conversely substances known block release acetylcholine addition transmitter substances acetylcholine numerous transmitter substances largely unidentified substances function synapses counteract effect synapse neuron manufactures type transmitter substance substances manufactured neurons converge axons neurons dendrites cell opposing system found central nervous system synapse extensively studied synapses function means keeping neural excitation control chain reaction neural activity set nervous system believed uninhibited neural activity kind responsible convulsions occur epilepsy
critical student note problems instinct model hierarchical organization makes hard account fact appetitive actions lead act animal perform complex chain fixed action patterns intervening appetitive patterns instinct model rigidly applied seemingly innate patterns generally works helps explain presented classical interpretation instinct scheme criticized find neural basis notion action specific energy model usefulness lies behavorial prediction springboard research importance learning animal varies widely species clever tapeworms clever live environment soft warm moist filled food matter leaving offspring simplified merely lay thousands eggs leave rest chance sheer blind luck contrast live changeable dangerous environments learn cope variety complex conditions lived highly social young mature slowly give accumulate information learning important species animals learn differs species beginning understand differences learning theoretically place variety ways consider types learning habituation classical conditioning operant conditioning habituation sense learning respond stimulus cases stimulus presented response vigorous stimulus presented response gradually lessens disappear altogether
determined mathematically probability altruism increasing population depends closely related words advantage increase kinship remote behavior disappear population instance altruism brothers sisters results death selected net genetic gain loss half brothers times loss put animal gain reproductively sacrificed brothers fewer half brothers fewer deduce highly related groups small troop baboons male fight leopard death defense troop token bird give warning cry chance attracting predator average neighbor distantly related model developed haldane expanded hamilton helps explain extreme altruism shown social insects honeybees workers sterile hope propagating genotype maximize egg laying output queen species queen workers hive sisters half genes common half system sacrifice worth net gain hive queen discussion development behavior admittedly esoteric important consider cherished despised behaviors context evolutionary product
present environment molded natural occurrences earth history earth adapted events kind pollution concerns kind degree earth creatures recently begun produced earth forms reason concern pollutants alter critical aspects environment rapidly earth adapt destroyed course re simply concerned continue living existing planet legitimately interest protecting quality lives beautiful lake erie polluted cities shores require typhoid shots case accidentally fall factories paper cups brightly painted cardboard boxes package toothpaste goods define quality saw fishing york city east river traffic honked screeched roared yards wondered remembered quieter days catch sludge eating bottom dwellers couldn help wondering term quality mean let consideration specific types pollution live large city concerned air pollution feel burns eyes nose give terrific headaches worst days days darker literal sense air pollution cuts amount sunlight reaching chicago
persistent insecticide break easily remains intact environment poisoning susceptible organism encounters persistence assumes major significance consider history heavy ddt persistent chlorinated hydrocarbons ddt dieldrin benzene interesting feature remain environment periods persist bodies animals ingest passed intact food chain human milk higher ddt levels cow milk cow eats grass sprayed fat soluble ddt moves cow tissues human eats cow ddt accumulating cow tissues passed human person fond beef ddt level tissues quickly magnified animals occupy top food pyramid concentrate ddt tendency ddt magnified food chains disastrous birds feed high food pyramid reproductive failures peregrine falcons brown pelican bermuda petrel attributed phenomenon problem ddt interfered birds ability metabolize calcium result birds lay eggs shells thin support weight nesting parent manufacturers ddt tried demonstrate humans publicly swallowing spoonfuls pesticide idea ad dream actually proves re concerned effects term low level exposure chemical dosages occur environment
hope insight series events say perspective information produce utopian society engage trade partly chance pulling population reasonable size driving maintained automobile car cardboard comes trees toothpaste tubes boxes harder stack de emphasize production goods opt subsidizing money economist kennedy boulding suggested problems resources pollution greatly helped single philosophical shift cowboy economy spaceman economy cowboy attitude involves reckless exploitive philosophy american cowboy assume resources waiting horizon charge press find resources leave garbage wilderness sense human welfare likely improved economic growth kind growth thought wastes important thing grow develop surge onward seek ways grow covered entire land exploited resources reached numbers efforts grow threaten system collapse waste poisoning animals crops place put leave spacemen limited resources entire journey sooner able shed cowboy mentality travelers spaceship earth
regarded continuum experience single direction dig excavation yesterday present tomorrow past turn history created past present conjoin prologue tomorrow precisely human environmental processes bring continued transformations societies culture patterns alike past present history suggest tomorrow place physical social environments accelerate result continued technological invention result increased tensions segments comprising universal culture pattern words increased culture lag observers culture lag assumed dangerous proportions apparently widening gap communications outlook science technological sector hand traditional humanistic culture system major segments culture pattern advancing changing speeds supersonic jet horse buggy dynamic factors bring rates speed processes change owing fact modern age derives outlook growing measure discoveries science wrought technology greater need understand dynamics involved shaping pattern culture decades ahead pay price environmental societal evidenced energy crisis rapid depletion minerals fossil fuels physical environment deteriorating pollution population explosion underdeveloped regions
expulsion persians athenians felt suddenly top large measure sprang reckless confidence boundless energy carried forward greatest phase history athens heyday lasted eighty number adult male citizens scarcely exceeded fifty thousand handful attempted achieved wider variety fields nation small attempted achieved similar space thirty golden age greece statesman pericles guided athenian policy pericles actual executive power longer resided filled lot board ten elected generals board operated modern governmental cabinet generals urged popular assembly adopt specific measures success failure policies determined reelected end annual term pericles failed reelection influence athenians words contemporary historian thucydides democracy virtually goverment greatest citizen enable poorest citizen participate government pericles extended payment jurors panel thousand citizens chosen annually lot members council conservative opponents called political bribery pericles insisted essential success democracy constitution named democracy hands laws secure equal justice private disputes public opinion welcomes talent branch achievement matter privilege grounds excellence athenians allow absorption affairs interfere knowledge city
famous greek author empire plutarch lectured philosophy rome retiring small hometown pursue research outstanding figures roman greek history order discover qualities ignoble parallel lives forty biographies famous greeks romans arranged pairs purpose comparison readable classics greek literature sources plutarch lost lives mine invaluable information historian romans contributed original philosophical theories preferring adapt existing greek systems thought suit needs action grave governmental responsibilities romans paid scant attention abstract problems nature universe human knowledge corrupting effects late republic roman virtues traditions caused thoughtful romans concerned problems behavior consequence attracted chief ethical philosophies epicureanism stoicism epicureanism greatest impact days republic found tenets comforting period political knew morrow bring young virgil horace embraced epicureanism important roman interpreter philosophy nature things basing explanation nature things materialism called free superstitious fears gods death causing converts emotional mystery religions greece east exhorted readers today seek pleasure philosophical serenity sensuous gratification fear death souls bodies composed atoms fall death comes
centuries christian era west linked india china spice silk trades subsequent centuries mutual isolation broken ang dynasty court attracted diverse groups muslims christians persians advent nomadic mongols east west linked ancient silk routes trade permanent consequences making trade routes asia safe tolerating diverse religions mongol dynasty attracted european traders missionaries china unification temporary asia restoration roads communication restored point polos travelers cross spaces separating east west monk christian community peking traveled thirteenth century envoy mongol persia pope met kings england france papacy missions east century result early fourteenth century roman catholic community thousand persons existed china cultural interchange china west considerable medieval times authority believes mongols central asian peoples conveyed gunpowder europe muslims transmitted westward invaluable chinese inventions arts papermaking printing magnetic compass china enriched imports important food sorghum brought china india thirteenth century abacus familiar sight eastern shops today appearance bronzes affected influences civilizations west especially persia technique undoubtedly borrowed byzantines
scholars debated extent trade urban existed early middle ages general agreement fresh trade activity evident crusades ending viking magyar attacks tenth century northern trading area developed extended british isles baltic sea closely related northern trade area route established vikings early ninth century settled russia created lucrative route eastern baltic rivers russia black sea constantinople center northern trade system county flanders flemish artisans producing surplus woolen cloth fine quality demand baltic furs honey forest products british tin raw wool exchanged flemish cloth south italy oriental luxury goods silks sugar spices equally important catalyst medieval commercial revolution impact middle ages deserves compared industrial revolution modern opening mediterranean trading area eleventh century normans italians broke muslim hold eastern mediterranean crusade inaugurated trade east arab vessels brought luxury goods east ports persian gulf red sea shipped caravan alexandria acre ports merchants venice genoa pisa transported goods italy markets europe trade routes asia overland passing baghdad damascus ports tyre sidon crusader states
papacy took heed popular opinion returned rome fortunes roman church improve reverse proved true papal election held college cardinals influenced shouting mob milling vatican elected italian pope months later french cardinals declared election invalid elected french pope returned avignon church worse babylonian captivity schism split church allegiances called popes college cardinals capital city claiming universal sovereignty sending papal administrators taxing christendom nations europe gave allegiance individual political interests prompted order allegiance rival popes concessions political supporters largely abandoned practice interfering national politics schism permanent original rival popes died camp elected replacement working heal breach church religious suffered christendom looked scandal helpless depressed impotent remove sections christendom declaring lost cursing denouncing soberly asked saved heresy flourished doubt confusion caused break church positive action form movement return early christian practice solving church problems means general council professors university paris proposed general council representing universal church meet heal schism majority cardinals camps accepted solution met council pisa deposed elected deposed popes give office papal throne claimants intolerable situation necessitated church council holy roman emperor assembled constance impressive church gathering period
eleventh century documents concerning africa numerous west east africa drawn trading islam arab travelers scholars wrote deal africa west africa courts traders african kingdoms arabic keeping records scholarship islam christians europe crusades renaissance europeans vitally concerned africa centuries interest primarily coastal concerned slave trade nineteenth century traders missionaries explorers progressively penetrate europe virtually unknown continent europe penetration africa west experiencing remarkable advances technology arts stemming renaissance subsequent scientific industrial revolutions intrusive europeans africa south sahara appeared static peoples backward absence writing african societies fact africans christians molded western stereotypes non christians considered barbaric history civilized morals rush ivory gold slaves africans offer europeans study epic poems ancient rituals african societies preserved generations bother examine complex laws morals formed unwritten constitutions african political systems cases read numerous arabic manuscripts informed african history
theory overseas dominions personal property king major administrative decisions aided advisory councils council indies holding unrestricted power reigns weak monarchs council indies formulated legislation appointed colonial officials heard important colonial law cases end sixteenth century spain possessed american empire twenty times size comprising towns spanish settlers colonial period spanish empire americas divided kingdoms spain west indies venezuela lands north isthmus panama peru consisted spanish territory south lands kingdom viceroy lived splendor mexico city lima viceroys kings representatives america enjoyed appearance power council indies tight rein imperial affairs judging viceroys chiefly effectiveness sending treasure madrid orders spanish crown colonial regimes sharply restricted government ten largest cities empire lawyers spain charge courts called heard appeals decisions viceroys governors advised administrative matters crown levied head taxes customs imports excise charges goods exchanged colonies demanding gold silver mined colonists left voice taxation membership town councils regular political outlet spanish settlers richest participate spaniards born americas creoles regarded potential rebels mother country proved nineteenth century
war spanish succession ended forces france considerably weakened grand alliance split petty rivalries comparable importance peace ended thirty war series treaties signed france members alliance result peace settlement fairly satisfactory balance power maintained continent nearly thirty major wars important terms settlement follows louis grandson philip permitted remain king spain throngs france spain united france allowed retain alsace spanish empire divided philip retained spain spanish america austria obtained naples milan sardinia spanish netherlands belgium called austrian netherlands england gained important colonies france spain nova scotia newfoundland hudson bay territory valuable mediterranean naval bases balearic islands gibralter reward joining grand alliance duke savoy sicily title king elector recognized king prussia savoy ceded sicily austria exchange sardinia significance provisions peace noted accession bourbons throne spain centuries hapsburg rule marked end era standing french spanish rivalry replaced strong french spanish family alliance bourbons occupied thrones english acquisition important colonies naval bases marked important stage rise britain power
rousseau believed live instincts emotions maze intellect rationalization erected society noble savage exalted rousseau admired contaminated close nature free romantic movement felt constrained structure organized society romantics voicing view lutheran church similar vein trying replace austere abstract religion intellectual theologians warmth fervor emotion emphasis individual emotion criticism highly structured important influence subsequent political movements romantics looked past guide rarely detached objective examination characteristic twentieth century historians fascination forgotten civilizations symbolized fake ruins important part european gardens medieval period subject research romantic intellectuals paid deal attention myths folklore tried reclaim essential part civilization looking backward seen britain movement created wave nostalgia greece pericles english intellectuals led contentious colorful lord byron caught idealistic crusade important political implications revolution stressing past unique emotional individual aspects romantic movement paved rise force modern nationalism emphasizing individual define standards adhering accepted eighteenth century principles romantics contributed political pressures felt nineteenth century
subsequent investigations revealed clearly weak revolt tsar badly shaken remained revolutionary liberal movements matter occurred response encouraged movement called official nationalism ideology identified foundations russia autocracy orthodoxy nationalism romanovs russian church russian nationalism promote pronged identify foreign visitors publications carefully screened permitted country contained slightest hint liberalism musical compositions checked notes secret code government closely monitored schools carefully regulated students reading material dangerous exiled siberia tsar feared influences free ideas intellectuals reactionary millions non russians empire experience limitation identity process tsar strengthened control holdings failed address major social political reforms needed convert autocratic empire competitive modern efforts control intellectual political nicholas failed russian intellectuals peter closely tied foreign influences censorship repression travel restrictions russian thinkers writers fully aware romantic movement especially works german philosophers poets type intellectual appeared thinkers devoted achieving political goals intelligentsia strength felt intelligentsia established strong roots nicholas reign
industrial revolution full stride latin american republics born industries western europe later united states demanded raw materials markets sell finished products capital accumulated investors eagerly sought opportunities place money high rates interest obtained drive markets raw materials outlets surplus capital led movement known economic imperialism chapters show imperialism active asia africa latin america escape unscathed continual disorder lack strong governments latin america gave businessmen ample opportunity obtain rich concessions float huge loans latin american governments created revolution interested filling pockets resorted vicious practice selling concessions foreign corporations ready cash political bosses bartered economic heritage lands latin america rich minerals oil important resources foreign investor acted faith providing capital reasonable rate interest latin american regimes developed intention fulfilling contract occasions unscrupulous capitalists took full advantage officials ignorant helpless governments cases occurred controversy ensued injured foreign investor appealed government intercede behalf unending stream diplomatic correspondence debt claims begun united states britain germany france italy spain chief investor states nationals mistreated ventures foreign investments
duel nationalists mao tung gained widespread support popularity program expressed term democracy essence mild program reform calling confiscation large farms control large business protection small private concerns rapid industrialization auspices increased benefits labor social insurance program gain mao support minor political parties intellectuals victory communists energetically set tackling china economic problems corruption inflation brought control percent farm land owned percent rich landlords government proceeded confiscate large holdings distribute landless peasants landlords wealthy peasants stripped holdings executed traditional gentry elite land redistributed peasantry real objective communist regime abolish individual small holdings favor huge farm collectives program began practically peasant farmers members rural cooperatives labor farm equipment land communally pooled individual land ownership retained plan economic development agriculture industry begun impressive advances mainly heavy industry success led launching grandiose plan called leap forward called tremendous increase production steel electricity coal millions urban rural workers galvanized frenzied effort
period opened wake galleons columbus de replaced set historical developments dramatized blast sputnik landing moon flung colonial empires european domination survived holocaust war disappeared quarter century end war ii capitalism middleclass liberalism dominated economic political structures socialist philosophy control country dramatic occurred alter ideological landscape reduce proportion liberal parliamentary type member states united nations seemingly permanent minority massive transformation century british historian called period history mankind essential feature unprecedented integration peoples resulting fundamental structure national international society period readjustment continental scale emblem mushroom cloud high hiroshima nagasaki nuclear pile consumed forever period experienced breakthrough scientific knowledge technology power change material basis lives scale inconceivable fifty ago brought face face possibility extinction short period explosive dimensions carried breathtaking speed frontiers human existence deposited unparalleled potentialities sinister violence irrationality inhumanity
unknown variable involved fool hardy try predictions shape things entirely agree prediction regarded sense prophecy forecasting term employed meteorologists instance undertake calculate future events basis rational analysis existing data view sufficient evidence exist enable productive estimates direction events decades ahead factor accelerating change need increase realistic planning quarter century societal vessel overtaken possibly engulfed tidal wave catastrophic belatedly perceived events human species likely confronted massive problems planetary existence failure meet challenge destroy hard won achievements past successful response untried circumstances carry advanced plateau creativity intertwined promise perils center areas carrying capacity environment structure society ability human beings adapt alter course entire universe regarded vast unified energy system responsible physical biological manifestations alike matter energy obey laws cosmic proportion hold galaxies atoms alike dynamic delicate counterbalance planet turn comprises ecosystem innumerable subsystems interact maintain balance
exact process deprivation works known related impact emotional strain production pituitary growth hormones growth hormone secreted sleep children sleep properly stress filled homes recent study infant rats shows clearly maternal deprivation leads suppression growth hormone increase rat pups returned mother apparently maternal deprivation infancy bad living creatures extend analysis suggest person die broken heart psychologist james lynch believes reviewing evidence linking loneliness isolation health lynch asserts biological basis need form human relationships fail fulfill need health peril points greater coronary death rate widows married women divorced married cancer strokes heart disease occur divorced married ultimate death course physical malfunction ventricular discovered likelihood breakdown increased person isolated touch trust tenderness fellow human beings nest sample question representative recurring issue extent behavior caused characteristics inside person extent caused conditions environment eichmann nazis jews systematically destroy millions gas chambers concentration camps civilized understand basis mass violence
discovering causality primary tasks psychological research ageless problem philosophical analysis determine conditions satisfy criteria causality events considered causally related occur invariably assumed occur prior simultaneously effect relationship established research states events question occurred manner prescribed explanation variables related theoretical interpretation assessed alternatives variety ways events related strongest relationship direct causality event occur eating pounds chocolate vomiting indirect causality event affects directly turn change eating chocolate vomiting paying rug cleaned factor causality occurs independent events caused factor behaviors going church seen heard caused attempts parents events related sense tend occur correlated causally interrelated critical task researcher scholar try alternative hypotheses explain phenomenon tested information current theories experiments strategy elimination rejected unsatisfactory false hypotheses eliminated investigator emerges single hypothesis preferable rivals
substance drugs alcohol cigarettes food part physiological part learned addictive responses conditioned stimuli act consuming substance reduces expectancy food addiction recent research extremely overweight heightened sensitivity cues food eating sight smell food pictures food seeing eating environments overweight eat hungry conditioned stimuli eating absence hunger watching tv movies sports events listening music walking kitchen dining room therapeutic procedure success involves decreasing conditioned associations restricting eating place predetermined times narcotic addicts major problem called apparently cured addicts reported experiencing painful withdrawal symptoms visit areas drugs withdrawal effects physiologically psychologically unpleasant taking drugs quickly aversive withdrawal symptoms objective evidence narcotic withdrawal symptoms experimentally conditioned environmental stimuli studies lend credence clinical reports phenomena occurring naturally treated addicts return drug taking environments learning events environment predictably related adaptation survival organism seen learn consistent relationships expected actions subsequent events environment achieve prevent species adapt gradually changing environment evolution behaviors essential survival environment individuals meet abrupt environmental challenges sudden behavior patterns
phoning theater find movie starts need store phone number call sense remembering process geared short span hand storing retaining retrieving teacher letter recommendation process considered important lasting thing names numbers remember historical facts rules directions remember faces pictures odors tastes caresses pains involve basic processes big differences rehearse reciting rehearse odor encoding storage retrieval constantly interacting things learn setting needed setting order solve problem kind judgment patient list complaints physician probes memory trying retrieve information reminder symptoms mean physician tests hypotheses confirming rejecting comprehending storing retrieving information patient consider suppose meet samson party conclude reason important remember think story samson retrieval strength hair try associate story met samson totally bald associate store fact memory original samson delilah dirty
ago uttered word talking ceased certainly word form language stopped speculating early theory suggested words attempts mimic sounds things talking lion prehistoric equivalent dog bow wow theory known bow wow theory origin language unfortunately things stones caterpillars don sound early language greatly impoverished modern english words mimic sounds zip zap wham ping ding bell english bam tongue early theory proposed words spontaneous sounds humans uttered confronting objects account ancient lion longer uh known pooh pooh theory origin language fanciful titles theories reflect lack seriousness held necessarily wrong proving disproving largely reason french academy science refused hear papers topic words language sounds humans produce array acoustic signals modern counterparts case answers skull remains reconstruct vocal channel subject computer analysis
shape general growth curve boys girls timing birth male outweighs female pound longer inch direction difference continues age twelve fifteen girls heavier taller boys average reversal occurs girls begin period rapid growth called growth spurt earlier boys growth spurt occurs boys catch girls fifteen heavier taller girls boys expected disturbed girls class bigger status children social structure tends based age especially boys social position ability contrary adult society social position ability major determinants status size correlated age older children tend larger psychological status correlated physical stature contrary expectation grades children eleven thirteen fourteen boys hostile girls girls boys physical differences sexes boys generally superior gross motor skills girls fine eye hand coordination age boys generally stronger differences assumed reflect sex differences practice motivation differences physiological basis boys likely color blind color blindness results sex linked recessive gene recessive females dominant males females greater sensitivity tastes odors sounds especially higher pitches
fundamental achievement science demonstration matter organized subatomic particles protons neutrons electrons combine ninety stable forms known atoms elements atoms turn linked nearly limitless combinations molecules evolved structures staggering complexity eventually achieving structure special abilities transcend ordinary chemistry give rise hierarchical principle organization continues living systems molecules grouped bits living matter called organelles collected cells nerve cells heart cells cells turn form organs brain heart organisms principle continues organisms form families communities societies psychology focuses individual attempts explain behavior force account neurons neighbors difficult conceptually experimentally jump level organization exciting events science rare occasions established gaps separate hierarchical levels nature organized hierarchies functions integrating units simple objects systems complex organizations system elements simpler systems level complexity limits constraints system demand higher levels complexity overcome large assemblies networks neurons give rise higher properties nervous systems neural networks ultimately generate intelligent behavior gain understanding enormous processing power neural networks look briefly vision common characteristic visual networks large number neurons precisely interconnected converge neurons
patients severe epileptic seizures occasionally undergo operation corpus callosum severed disconnecting hemispheres brain patient freed seizures learn cope separately functioning minds split brain research demonstrated left hemisphere brain concerned primarily verbal analytical activities hemisphere involved intuitive thinking perceptual skills emotional reaction surgeons prefrontal violent psychotic patients nerve fibers connecting frontal lobes brain induced tranquility eliminated strong emotional reactions subjects later findings showed operation resulted loss emotions inability plan experience sense continuity method called extracellular single neuron recording scientists able detect electrical impulses single neuron amplify recordings demonstrated neuron prefers specific type sensory stimulus remains unresponsive stimuli invertebrates subjects investigators implanted electrodes inside neurons intracellular recordings sensitive pick synaptic potentials brain waves detected sensors lightly subject skull recorded waves display characteristic patterns indicative subject stages consciousness subject presented sudden stimulus evoked potential recorded computer analysis resulting brain profiles allow extremely subtle interpretations brain studied chemical means neural pathways deep regions brain stimulated suppressed injecting chemicals directly brain effects injections longer lasting electrical stimulation reversible composition cerebrospinal fluid bathes brain body chemistry blood brain barrier
effective action sense strengths weaknesses resources biases follow thyself essentially major channels information involves testing pit physical attribute environment push large boulder climb highest mountain swim deepest ocean throw coin potomac river run mile minutes flat put fire bare hands actions find physical capabilities succeeded tests physical reality evaluated according tests social reality motivation leads social motivation evaluating accomplishments abilities initiate process social comparison leon postulated exists human organism drive evaluate opinions abilities objective criteria evaluation subjective criteria opinions abilities characteristics drive evaluation social comparison shown affect behavior ways observe say ask questions think feel tests social reality picture strong bright emotionally responsive conservative attractive process social comparison learn relationships learn mental physical resources
course attention drawn appearances beautiful looking faces interesting character marked earlier age notice flabbiness class athlete didn college varsity slim line fat freddie puzzle beautiful woman saw plain charlie handsome lab partner attracted wife modest looks friends meets eye expect age toll looks change real look beneath surface appearances seek personal qualities distinguished classmates george gregarious steven silent shy guy tonight jeanette gentle caring person share feelings domineering don pushy stingy sarah uptight money notice greater maturity college fill head information developed think style relating impulsive plan things reflect analyze consequences learned listen problems compassionate give counsel seek maybe straight square career security important happened concern social justice scenario observer actor observing behave situation order determine characteristic patterns reaction individuals part total situation react
undoubtedly seen face shape animal cloud mentioned friends discovered saw tree castle psychologists rely similar phenomenon projective techniques personality measurement subject presented standardized set ambiguous neutral stimuli inkblots pictures definite meaning interpreted ways projected face animal cloud suggested projections reflect differing needs emotional adjustments individuals help reveal underlying personality patterns tests difficult fake obviously wrong answers advantage tapping deeper levels needs fears measurement methods entirely satisfactory major limitation psychologists rely large extent subjective judgment scoring subject responses objective standards set evaluating types responses skillful interpretation part examiner required means judgment examiner influences final score greater extent objective tests addition considerable training projective tests diagnostic tool rorschach technique oldest projective methods makes series inkblots black white colored vary form shading complexity subjects observe cards prescribed order describe information personality structure brought clinical interviews subjects react color throw light emotional responses environment
economic conditions improved medical science specialized problems infectious diseases injuries disease patterns western countries changed advances surgery nutrition hygiene epidemic control problems prevalent increase relative prevalence heart disease high blood pressure ulcers anxiety disorders colitis arthritis stress related degenerative diseases collectively known diseases adaptation civilization traditional medical approaches ineffectual confronted nonspecific syndrome stress related illness medicine success dealing specific agents germs disease alternate approach holds person habitual style diet exercise smoking habits habitual reaction perceived stress lead variety disorders ancient doctrine conception live intimately vulnerability disease clearly taoism traditional chinese medicine hippocratic teachings dominated western medicine nineteenth century version ancient doctrines found holistic medicine holistic medicine combats illness treating person physical organs holistic approach concentrates helping individuals styles prevent stress induced health problems involve changing jobs moving areas highly stressful mean altering daily patterns living healthful focus health maintenance growth cure existing illness intense demands put body perform adaptive functions stress body nonspecific response demands establish simple direct effect relationships
hypothalamus amygdala regions brain involved aggressive behavior appears complex chemical anatomical specificity brain mechanisms controlling aggression drug injected lateral hypothalamus rats spontaneous mouse killers stop killing drug injected exactly brain site peaceful rats induced kill mice types aggressive behavior humans related brain disorders brain disease limbic system temporal lobe found persons exhibiting syndrome characterized senseless brutality pathological intoxication sexual assault repeated automobile accidents tumors brain influence aggressive behavior suggested case mass murderer charles whitman summer whitman killed wife mother climbed top tower university texas armed high powered hunting rifle equipped telescopic sight shot thirty killing fourteen gunned postmortem examination whitman brain revealed highly malignant tumor size walnut area amygdala part specific genes play aggressive behavior animals bulls cocks selectively bred fighting killing abilities evidence clear holds true human beings humans animals males characteristically aggressive females fact apparently due part early influence sex hormones brain female animals injected male sex hormones display increased aggressive behavior hands physiological patterns kinds aggression
southern illinois discovered nitrates fertilizers surrounding farms water supply nearby city fertilizers greatly increases yield water supply nitrates converted highly toxic lead children disease farms depend extra yield getting farming economically feasible city turn economically dependent success farming community farmers give nitrates upset system run financially continue endangering health children similar case reported idaho mining community dangerous levels lead discovered blood young children area levels sufficient irreversible brain damage nearby mining company responded news assurances cooperate health officials played danger pointing source lead residents tended discount reports danger distorted situation economic dependence mine alarmed governor health department authorities regarded extremely realize part ecosystem parts interdependent discovering interdependent parts social systems social behavior roots psychosocial interdependence character traits stimuli moment
intriguing questions raised sudden murderers study questions shy murderers sex roles aggression ego overcontrol plan experiment need narrow focus directing specific idea ideas tested separate experiments worthwhile study differences shy reactions verbal provocation idea need formulate specific hypothesis tested experimentally shy longer respond verbal provocation initial reaction stronger initial reaction study independent variable effects studying subject shyness dependent variables behaviors assumed affected subject responding provocation strength subject initial response identified independent dependent variables need operational definitions general concepts statement hypothesis need operationally defining verbal provocation shy response provocation measure shyness means sudden murderers study answer description question stanford shyness survey operationalize verbal provocation hire actor anger provoking insulting remarks subject start mildly progressively abusive
tip likes hide bones dirt digs big holes fits bone hole tip fills holes dirt hide bones dirt makes hill bone bill mother tip hills sees hills dirt cries tip dig cute bill says care tip tip don dig holes bill mother smiles tip don sick rick told mother don sit read yes mother pill eat soup sit read rick pill ate soup rick asleep heard mother read pigs told mother pig leave home cold fruit drinks linn told kim bring fruit bring cubes think pay dime drink maybe kim think pay dime drink try linn kim cold fruit drinks waited try drinks drinking fruit drinks cried linn need tint drinks pink kim pay nickel drink
leave soon smith children soon think zoo lion show bring tickets picnic find things drink zoo zoo lion show beginning lion tamer working big lions trying lions leap stool stool big lions lion didn thing lion tamer told rolling rolled kicked feet air lion tamer didn lion tricks cheered lion ant river drink drank slid river began sink save cried save kind dove standing nearby grass dove grabbed twig beak threw twig river ant grabbed twig rode riverbank later dove sitting tree singing going shoot dove didn aiming ant fired ant bit heel missed dove flew safely miller trap soon eagle flew miller clipped eagle wings tied eagle pole eagle didn tied pole
kid strayed bigger goats drink drank tiger glanced slyly kid think eat nice fat kid wait kid fancy flute play flute dance tiger liked music played flute kid pranced danced owner goats heard flute ran tiger big stick tiger race dinner tiger won chance tricked eat play flute later jean joan jackson twins alike play tricks try fool jean likes think joan joan likes think jean joan jacket blue jean green sisters trade jackets try fool wednesday jean trade jackets try fool mother think think try joan jean ran home blue jacket joan wore green jacket mother wasn fooled hi jean girl blue jacket hi joan green jacket didn fool jean gave joke jackets don say mother act things
countries speak language kind money dress differently food eat houses live thousands ago faraway lands lived lands travel place easily quickly today walk ride animal sail boat wanted visit faraway place read places newspapers books gather listen storyteller traveler tell stories faraway places rest imagined ways changed hear places easier learn today telephone matter seconds happening distant countries television news fly earth smaller grown familiar today countries book imaginary trip visit faraway lands read folk tales fairy tales countries
stop imaginary trip northern part continent europe europe united states cross atlantic ocean hundred ago took christopher columbus month sail atlantic today jet plane trip takes hours look map northern europe page countries sizes tiny luxembourg smaller smallest united states soviet union lies half europe half continent asia largest country european countries peoples europe speak languages weather mild europe helps grow crops rich farmlands europe surrounded water hundreds europeans sailed seas trade goods fish food explore lands fine weather rich farmlands seaports helped europeans leaders thousand stories read give idea europeans live think age airplanes parts island england connected huge system railroad tracks main railway stations city london called paddington bear found play called arrival paddington play english love animals tea cakes joke
sick lay bed pillows head toys lay happy hour watched leaden soldiers uniforms drills bed clothes hills ships fleets sheets brought trees houses planted cities giant sits pillow hill sees dale plain pleasant land sailing ship moves ahead ship room store treasures find sail ship treasures memories store special treasures want share born side atlantic ocean country austria city vienna earliest thing remember feeling snug safe parents loved young remember going vacation country mother big sister city lived apartment ting ling chandelier think fairy palace friend named lived apartment building liked draw drew dresses liked draw especially sailors places sailor
johnny crow dig sow till garden lion green yellow tie johnny crow garden pig danced jig johnny crow garden whale told tale johnny crow garden rat wore feather hat bear wear johnny crow garden ape took measure tape johnny crow garden fox put stocks johnny crow garden johnny crow let sat dinner row johnny crow garden sly fox saw crow fly kitchen window branch tree crow holding big piece cheese beak piece cheese fox thought thought cheese fox foot tree morning master crow looking fine today surely beautiful birds bird sing sweetly love hear sing crow pleased hear nice things glad sing song stretched neck opened beak wide sang top lungs caw caw caw
william everett crocodile lived banks river nile mama mama william everett nice crocodile teeth hippo store toothbrush start school tomorrow william everett liked hippo store full things mama walked aisle stopped front toothbrush counter choose toothbrush william everett mama william everett looked looked hi toothbrush william everett pete toothbrush found toothbrush want mama william everett pete mama home pete william everett toothbrush friend morning mama william everett wake school mama william everett wait read write learn crocodile history someday proud william everett mama class ms ibis today going learn alphabet able write names repeat crocodiles repeated ms ibis alphabet letters knew heart william everett mama learn school today william everett say alphabet pete william everett letter mistake william everett mama beautiful ms ibis taught class write letters
margaret finished placing domino begged begged push domino tommy begged margaret announced pulled hat pay hat ms joliet drawn hat night school carnival clapped margaret happy pleased happy forgot watch foot started move corner toe hit end domino click click click click click click dominoes fell stopped corner left big space thank goodness gently gently put dominoes upright space corner perfect wow yelled class don scare ms joliet class appointed guards corner end carnival school carnival part loudspeaker announced grand finale folks let move grade room push domino lots pushing shoving ms howard waiting waited gathered close margaret corner let oldest person room draw hat jannie grandmother unfolded paper read tommy perkins
united states look astronaut high earth country flying earth high sky astronaut large oceans united states country part big piece land called north america canada north country mexico south look picture page country look high earth compare picture map pages country divided states find live united states big today country began thirteen states today fifty book tell united states grew country today tell early explorers brave pioneers women learn indians lived thousands settlers learn important events country history read book understand country country learn glad live united states land land land land california york island redwood forest gulf stream waters land
tribes indians lived western part united states lived pacific ocean alaska northern california fish game plentiful coast indians speared salmon fish rivers area knew hunt seals sea otters mighty whale thick forests ocean supplied game deer elk plenty plants berries women coastal tribes wove lovely blankets robes beautiful copper shields wooden masks seagoing canoes huge cedar redwood trees grew coast indians canoes hunting whales kind hunting dangerous canoes smaller whales canoe close whale hunters threw harpoons harpoon rope tied end end rope tied boat wounded whale pulled canoe ocean died indians northwest coast travel hunting food built strong houses called lodges lodges big cedar trees cut stone hatchets big families live lodges indians put totem poles totem poles tall faces animals carved top totem pole told story family clan indians lived farther south california lived small villages
sunny italy hundred ago boy named christopher columbus sitting seashore looking water going sailor grow want sail seas faraway lands columbus loved ocean grew sailor place wanted sail indies included japan china india rich countries goods trade christopher columbus sailor thinker thoughts going indies sails indies traveling east takes costs think round indies quickly sailing west columbus poor ships money needed pay trip explained plan sailing west laughed thought strange wasn thought flat columbus sail edge educated knew round agreed reach indies sailing west knew sail days knew exactly big earth oceans things set sail
meadow cows grazed horses ran stone wall wall barn granary chatty family field mice home farmers moved bar granary stood empty winter mice began gather corn nuts wheat straw worked night frederick frederick don asked frederick gather sun rays cold dark winter days saw frederick sitting staring meadow frederick gather colors answered frederick simply winter gray frederick half asleep dreaming frederick asked reproachfully frederick gathering words winter days run things say winter days snow fell field mice took stones beginning lots eat mice told stories foolish foxes silly cats happy family nibbled nuts berries straw corn memory cold wall felt chatting remembered frederick sun rays colors words supplies frederick asked close eyes frederick climbed big stone
young mountains pumped pails water bottom hill heated water fill round tubs baths afterward stood front black stove shivering giggling grandmother heated cocoa top young mountains listed frogs sing dusk awoke windows black snake yard grandmother threaten hoe leave hoe kill draped snake dead course necks photograph young mountains sat porch swing evenings grandfather sharpened pencils pocketknife grandmother shelled beans braided hair dogs lay stars sparkled sky bobwhite whistled forest bob bob bobwhite young mountains wanted ocean wanted desert wanted mountains queen sat sewing window ebony frame middle winter flakes snow falling sky feathers queen sat sewing watching snow pricked finger needle drops blood fell window ledge
mandy grandmother coming visit mandy mother cleaning house closets drawers grandmother peek drawers mandy asked course won mother mood cleaning drawers wouldn understand don mandy manage mandy mother later baby teething mandy helping mother guest room bed bad baby cry fault replied mother cried cutting teeth doubt mandy mandy mother smoothed spread hurry hurry help entertain grandmother don entertain mandy mandy picture book grandmother story grandmother took girl walks zoo plenty hold girl lap mandy looked pictures carefully especially girl grandmother lap liked sit lap didn grandmother coming mandy pick room bath change clothes fort mandy asked suppose mandy mother hurrying mandy put clean jeans favorite sweater floppy sloppy hat couldn put dress asked mother holding crying baby grandmother hat mandy
fox running dusty road hot thirsty soon saw grapes hanging vine garden nearby grapes large ripe juicy tasty hot thirsty fox wish grapes fox fox jumped high air reached paw grapes jumped higher higher able grapes fox give grapes stay vine fox yawn tell sour taste awful don sour grapes gran paula ask house asked going ride auto gran gran opened garage inside fantastic car gran patted tail fin paula yesterday finest auto seen paula pausing car car drive drive gran driving lessons weeks driver license teacher ready drive car liked thirty ago
going place place automobiles late automobiles strange circuses strange cars early automobiles powered steam engines steam powered engines water heated open fires times riding steam powered automobiles burned fire steam wanted safer automobiles soon electric automobiles invented electric automobiles powered batteries liked electric automobiles easy drive ran quietly safe electric automobiles run fast batteries recharged fifty miles wanted automobiles trips automobiles gasoline powered engines replaced steam powered electric automobiles early gasoline cheap drive gasoline powered automobiles miles days piece automobile handmade pieces fitted hand automobiles house jack built malt lay house jack built rat ate malt lay house jack built cat killed rat ate malt lay house jack built dog bothered cat killed rat ate malt lay house jack built cow crumpled horn tossed dog bothered cat killed rat ate malt lay house jack built
bears home walk forest hungry started eat porridge big bear took taste bowl growled eating porridge middle sized bear took taste bowl eating porridge tiny bear squeaked eating porridge eaten bears living room sitting chair growled big bear sitting chair middle sized bear sitting chair squeaked tiny bear broken pieces bears upstairs sleeping bed growled big bear sleeping bed middle sized bear sleeping bed squeaked tiny bear goldilocks heard tiny bear woke saw bears frightened jumped bed bounded stairs ran home mother house bears mouse accidently ran paws sleeping lion woke lion angry grabbed mouse huge paw opened mouth swallow mouse cried kind sir didn mean wake let help
autumn leaves lincoln high school turning rusty color bare brick walls band rehearsal room george head music department director band ringed folding chairs instrument cases chair sat young nervously prepared blow case percussion section hit instant lowered white baton forty believed belly sign health strength dignity smiled release exquisite sounds heard baton big echoed french horns plodding shrieking querulous waltz begun expression change brasses lost places woodwinds nerve failed mistakes heard percussion section shifted rhythm pattern belonging march knew liked ta ta ta ta ta ta sang loud tenor singing cornet part florid perspiring gave slouched chair instrument lap saxophones let hear called band band performance couldn polished session school youngsters starting ahead acquire artistry move band met hour
eastern shore maryland dorchester county caroline county masters hearing whispers named moses running slaves believe existence stories fantastic unbelievable watched offered rewards capture saw heard whispered rumors effect neighborhood woods searched roads watched whereabouts days afterward goodly number slaves plantation master overseer heard seen unusual quarter vaguely remember heard whippoorwill call woods close late night wrong season masters thought heard cry hoot owl repeated remember thought intervals low moaning cry wrong repeated times succession suggest quarter morning invariably discovered group finest slaves heels unfortunately discovery sunday lost machinery pursuit set motion posters offering rewards fugitives printed monday
moonlight symphony swamp creatures hushed abruptly dismal bog peaceful unborn brood silence gaunt glanced boy motioned quiet late presence discovered jumbo frog rumbled warning swamp squirmed denizens scuttled safety fox fire glowing west bayou slapping cypress trees suddenly haunting laugh echoed wilderness strange chuckling yodel ending weird boy eyes wide staring uncle jess let catch uh gripped shotgun animal thing hurried noiselessly direction sound skeeter hearing nights swamp born reared feared shoot outwit slipped morass side ridge suddenly jesse put hand stopped child pointed slope animal clearly visible moonlight sitting haunches head cocked sideways chuckled merry melodious chuckle skeeter grinned spite surprise sh smell jesse smell wonder durn thing peered ridge studying creature intention shooting attacked jesse tolliver nephew killed wantonly
mother father awaited arrival mrs called asking speak cress edwin jr delahanty reminded wife wrong cress months ago room told worried cress wasn interested boys girl age room look happened mrs delahanty worried mrs message spoke sharply intended don repeating room porch doors happened delahanty took hat mrs phoned sailed living room hall table missed don ask happened girl mother mrs delahanty took hat jabbed mean re girl mother course re delahanty picked fallen hat put chair hall table living room girl mother told wife girl mother mrs delahanty scornful tells things john delahanty mother didn daughter cress confide things anyway mothers daughters
philip nolan fine young officer legion west western division army called aaron burr dashing expedition orleans met gay bright young fellow burr marked talked walked took voyage flatboat short fascinated barrack tame poor nolan occasionally permission write stilted letters poor boy wrote rewrote copied line reply boys garrison sneered lost fun found shooting rowing working grand letters grand friend young fellow revenge excellency honorable aaron burr appeared aspect rumors army empire youngsters envied burr talking twenty minutes commander asked send lieutenant nolan talk asked nolan show river plans post asked nolan skiff show canebrake cottonwood tree win sail nolan enlisted body soul
planned try place santa fe train standing steam ready run nation couldn wasn room flea hanging swarming engine sitting top cars keyed speed horse turned didn twenty miles ninety minutes decided indian pony knew endurance anyway speed counted end stood thousands night morning began line border let militia burned prairie ahead miles nation grass clearer smoke sneaked hiding scrub oaks draws killing due crawled staked land stood ready shoot fair square run knew piece wanted freighters trail marked deep ruts led straight found trail overgrown creek ran land prairie rolled
open atlantic head scattered grunted muffled faint bank hanging offshore days watching big chug dimmer dimmer finally disappear leaving stifled sounds horns think piece land maybe thinking started clear hot tiny breeze perfect moving big bay stayed close shore barometer drifting slowly tube wind shifting slowly backward compass larger sailboats bay shallow small moving smallest stir air sail home fog shore wind paddled beached crews walk nearest phone call picked fog quick morning sister working dock scraping painting dinghy spring tides washed stretch trees bushes snail grass beach lettuce pink flowering sea lavender things liked salt morning bright blue shining
dr strauss angry written progress reports weeks justified lab paying regular salary told busy thinking reading pointed writing slow process impatient poor handwriting suggested learn type easier write type nearly seventy words minute dr strauss continually reminds need speak write simply able understand try review things happened weeks presented american psychological association sitting convention psychological association tuesday created sensation dr nemur dr strauss proud suspect dr nemur sixty ten older dr strauss finds tangible results undoubtedly result pressure mrs nemur contrary earlier impressions realize dr nemur genius mind struggles specter doubt wants genius important feel accepted believe dr nemur afraid delay worried discovery lines credit
emotional facts results experiments clear sensational aspects rapid climb obscure fact intelligence surgical technique developed drs strauss nemur viewed practical applicability present increase human intelligence review records data physical infancy regressed mentally motor activity impaired general reduction glandular activity accelerated loss coordination strong indications progressive amnesia seen report physical mental deterioration predicted statistically significant results application formula surgical stimulus subjected resulted intensification acceleration mental processes unforeseen development liberty calling gordon effect logical extension entire intelligence speedup hypothesis proven simply terms artificially increased intelligence deteriorates rate directly proportional quantity increase feel important discovery able write continue record thoughts progress reports pleasures indications mental deterioration rapid
rushed announce seen smoke monrovia peak looked window saw mountains facing house fire entire rim burning wildly night flames driven hot santa ana winds desert tall tallest trees sky tinted coral crackling noise burning trees ashes smoke increasing fire raced descending mountain glow descending thought foresters danger coffee weary occasionally horses led isolated cabins covered soot battle flames clock fire left side rushing mount wilson cabins began arrive blankets hot coffee streets blocked fire engines readying fight fire touched houses policemen firemen guards turned relatives concerned fate foresters pack station family policemen lighted flares gave scene theatrical tragic air red lights police cars twinkled alarmingly fire engines arrived ashes fell roar fire thunder told ready evacuation packed diaries
lived grandmother uncle rear store spoken capital owned twenty early century momma soon stopped calling grandmother sold lunches lumberyard east stamps cotton gin west stamps crisp meat pies cool lemonade joined miraculous ability places assured business success mobile lunch counter set stand points fiscal interest supplied workers needs store built heart negro area lay center activities town saturdays barbers sat customers shade porch store troubadours ceaseless south leaned benches sang sad songs brazos played juice harps cigar box guitars formal store wm johnson general merchandise store customers find food staples variety colored thread mash hogs corn chickens coal oil lamps light bulbs wealthy hair dressing balloons flower seeds visible ordered familiar belong store locked fun house things attendant home
hunger stole slowly aware hunger meant hunger elbow played began wake night find hunger standing bedside staring gauntly hunger known grim hostile stranger normal hunger beg constantly bread ate crust satisfied hunger baffled scared angry insistent begged food mother pour cup tea clamor stomach moment later feel hunger nudging ribs twisting empty guts ached grow dizzy vision dim active play pause think happening mama hungry complained afternoon jump catch kungry trying laugh forget kungry boys eat hungry taste don tell catch hungry smiling sensed teasing angry hungry
bosom spacious coves indent eastern shore hudson lies small market town called generally properly known tarrytown housewives adjacent country tendency husbands linger village tavern market days village miles valley high hills quietest places small brook glides murmur lull repose occasional whistle quail tapping woodpecker sound breaks uniform tranquillity listless repose place peculiar character inhabitants descendants original dutch settlers glen known sleepy hollow lads called sleepy hollow boys neighboring country drowsy dreamy influence hang land neighborhood abounds local tales haunted spots twilight superstitions nightmare favorite scene dominant spirit haunts enchanted region commander chief powers air apparition figure horseback head ghost hessian trooper head carried cannonball nameless battle revolutionary war anon seen country folk hurrying gloom night wings wind
profess women hearts wooed won matters riddle admiration wins thousand common hearts entitled renown keeps undisputed sway heart hero case redoubtable bones moment ichabod crane advances interests evidently declined horse longer seen tied palings sunday nights deadly feud gradually arose schoolmaster sleepy hollow degree rough chivalry nature carried matters open warfare settled pretensions lady according mode knights errant yore single combat ichabod conscious superior adversary enter lists overheard boast bones double schoolmaster lay shelf schoolhouse wary give opportunity extremely provoking obstinately pacific system left alternative play practical jokes rival ichabod object whimsical persecution bones gang harried hitherto peaceful domains smoked singing school stopping chimney broke schoolhouse night turned poor schoolmaster began think witches country held meetings
ichabod relish strange midnight companion bethought adventure bones galloping hessian quickened steed hopes leaving stranger quickened horse equal pace ichabod pulled fell walk thinking lag heart began sink endeavored resume psalm tune parched tongue clove roof mouth utter stave moody dogged silence persistent companion mysterious appalling soon fearfully accounted mounting rising ground brought figure fellow traveler relief sky gigantic height muffled cloak ichabod horror struck perceiving headless horror increased observing head rested shoulders carried pommel saddle terror rose desperation rained shower kicks blows gunpowder hoping sudden movement give companion slip specter started full jump dashed thick thin stones flying sparks flashing bound ichabod flimsy garments fluttered air stretched lank body horse head eagerness flight reached road turns sleepy hollow gunpowder possessed demon keeping opposite turn plunged headlong downhill left
columbus lived ago knows lot tall reddish hair grew sailing ships starting sail ocean young columbus sea learned captain maps sailing idea voyage story chapter begins christopher columbus voyage america tells europe knew tells began searching sail india live china japan east live live europe east ship travel thousand miles europe east china japan islands called east indies east india closer europe middle east closer map middle east big continents europe asia africa join place trade continents middle east big market merchants europe buy goods buy rugs dishes silk cloth bracelets jewels spices pepper ginger cinnamon
history exciting news columbus voyages spain europe talking thought columbus sailed indies found wrong didn matter exciting thousands young left spain fortune islands gold wanted lucky find rich princes rest say helped explore continents conquer islands win rich empire spain chapter tells empire won according map islands columbus found east indies true map page shows east indies ocean ten thousand miles wanted reach sailing west pass wall land columbus met continents north south america took spaniards fifteen understand found east indies columbus saying sea captains didn think italian named amerigo vespucci vespucci sailed king portugal voyage coast south america voyage wrote letters king saying land seen china indies
columbus found islands caribbean italian sea captain crossed atlantic ocean discovered north america john cabot sailing england cabot mistake columbus thought north america asia india china coast wasn sea captains learned north america asia east pacific ocean thousands miles problem north america problem spanish sea captains south america sail past pacific english dutch french ships cross pacific share spice trade north south america joined panama chance sailing north america south ways ship pacific finding water passage middle north america sailing north america islands north route called northwest passage map page shows english dutch ships search north america cabot voyage passed greenland baffin island turned south baffin island cabot began look open passage pacific henry hudson english sea captain voyage north america holland
continental congress met philadelphia weeks lexington concord members congress city squads american soldiers marched meet bring honor streets flags flying signs saying liberty death war knew leading colonists wanted separate country wanted stay england willing carry muskets fight british army thought family fight colonists born england parents born friends relatives living farms towns england moment wanted win rights part english nation colonists thought beat england war england powerful country million england half million americans fighting turned war british send troops needed powerful navy colonists members congress king polite letter asking troops boston didn think gotten answer letter
voting independence congress began writing set rules thirteen states rules called articles set rules called articles confederation confederation group states agree follow rules laws arguments articles took states accept finally march articles confederation law articles confederation strong set rules revolution congress meeting philadelphia powers thirteen states united country didn president political economic powers congress laws states obey didn want states won political rights england didn want give congress let states laws country struggled weak government revolution problems country congress couldn solve hard times revolution wasn trade europe farmers couldn sell grain meat products merchant ships partly full going seaports
jefferson france election washington president washington message asked join government jefferson traveled virginia york public stagecoach took weeks trip york city sunday afternoon president house washington looked older jefferson saw cares government beginning show face glad jefferson talked jefferson learned president powers treaties foreign countries job washington wanted jefferson charge departments government helps president department secretary department secretary chief clerk assistant clerks messenger boy office bigger drugstore department vital nation problem jefferson secretary american ships attack arab pirates mediterranean sea pirates seaports part africa called barbary coast sailed captured merchant ships sold passengers crew slave markets north africa
england simple steam engines pump water coal mines didn scotsman james watt invented improved kind steam engine soon english factories gave water wheels began steam engines run machines drawings show steam engine turns wheel show wheel driven steam engine hooked row machines steam engines put mines factories began think making engine pull train build locomotive run richard trevithick worked mines knew steam engines trevithick tried locomotive iron track ran ship dock ironworks miles horses pulled loads iron ore track trevithick hooked locomotive string cars carrying tons thousand pounds ore passengers track small wheels slipping locomotive pulled load ironworks miles hour happened wales part britain england locomotives twenty later americans began build
took united states expand size end revolution american territory atlantic coast mississippi river ended west river belonged spain sixty united states government added large pieces western land territory united states stretched atlantic ocean pacific united states suddenly doubled size government bought large territory west mississippi boundary united states moved west rocky mountains happened western farmers shock found port orleans going closed pinckney treaty signed spain let float products mississippi orleans spanish official orleans longer port happened angry yell western farmers carried white house president jefferson knew important orleans farmers wasn president jefferson knew orleans didn belong spain secret treaty spain french orleans hands spain danger owned france worse
named stephen austin american settle texas austin texas part spanish empire spanish government glad give land spain colonists protect empire wanted thousand americans living texas spanish empire broken revolutions texas part republic mexico americans texas citizens mexico mexican government owning slaves law mexico americans slaves anyway americans complained taxes bad feeling american settlers mexicans fighting finally broke small texas town san antonio hundred americans surrounded mexican army americans spanish church building called alamo mexican general santa anna asked surrender answered cannon shot beginning battle lasted eleven days mexicans captured alamo single american inside dead texans battle cry remember alamo yelled attacked mexicans battle san jacinto weeks later defeated mexicans general santa anna prisoner won independence texas texans flag big star called lone star republic
miners going mountains gold silver herders cattle began invade flat grasslands plains cattle herds raised texas texas cattle worth head chicago kansas city meat packing companies paid longhorn steer cattle herders started driving herds longhorns north texas kansas selling big profits kansas cattle shipped train meat packing cities cattle grazing animals left feed grass cows dairy farm brought barn milking beef cattle animals raised meat roam free cattle big heavy texas cowboys round drive railroad drive started march grass burned dry hot western sun rivers water holes plenty water drive thousand cattle rode point head herd led rode flank sides herd rode drag rear drag riders worst job riding dust kicked herd chasing stray animals fell point riders experience
motorcars trucks taking place horse drawn carriages wagons cars lot noise cost lot money couldn start inside today driver turn crank front start engine worked office hear clatter machine called typewriter telephones popular changed lot things faster nineteenth century fastest send message horse carry samuel morse invented send electric signals wire signals travel thousands miles invention called telegraph telegraph wires strung tall poles telegraph lines reached part country messages took ten days deliver delivered telegram hours telegraph operators code send messages morse code signal letter alphabet signals tapped metal key signal letter short tap signal called dot dash signal letter dot dot dot sending message arrived safely wires series taps
january united states battleship maine glided harbor havana cuba dropped anchor maine modern battleship united states navy built iron steel smokestacks tall story building ship heavy guns shoot mile painted white ship looked sleek powerful riding calm waters bay warships friendly visits foreign seaports visit maine reason revolution going cuba cubans fighting win independence spain american companies built factories cuba wanted property protected president mckinley maine show power protect american property american citizens cuba fighting parts island havana calm crew maine took turns visiting city hands spanish government days sunny warm friendly night february city shaken explosion middle harbor maine broken burning sank beneath waters harbor taking death terrible news telegraphed washington dawn president mckinley news president looked worried morning office
ten amendments constitution united states called bill rights page list civil rights written protect freedom citizen free speech freedom press freedom assembly fair jury trial civil rights protect freedom black slaves constitution written slaves citizens freedom protected constitution blacks rights civil war soon war congress added amendments constitution thirteenth fourteenth fifteenth amendments laws ended slavery black citizens gave equal rights blacks rights citizens laws obeyed white tried hard stop blacks full rights citizens black south allowed vote stay whites segregated places separate schools blacks separate seats trains buses separate water fountains separate bathrooms allowed shop downtown stores couldn eat downtown restaurants eat restaurants part town places lived white streets sewers sidewalks
energy power food energy need stay alive active machines need energy coal oil natural gas fuels provide energy cars energy gasoline oil energy heat homes offices comes oil natural gas electricity energy coal oil electricity machines need energy keeps going happen supply energy suddenly cut summer night york city found thunderstorm bolts lightning crashing city electric power system places city blacked hours millions power blackout poor neighborhoods broke stores carried hands damage cost millions dollars suddenly energy frightening thing need energy keeps growing supply coal oil natural gas running fuels knows exactly scientists guess nearly oil natural gas supply coal longer means find sources energy
sputnik american rocket experts planning launch satellite ready try news sputnik hurry months later scientists small satellite built united states rocket sitting launching pad ready carry space try failed success explorer american satellite shot orbit january united states thirty satellites orbit information radio sure person orbit earth return safely training astronauts space pilots called finally ready space center cape kennedy florida navy commander alan shepard chosen space flight early morning shepard lifted capsule fastened nose large rocket capsule carry flight space named freedom words lift rocket engine fired deafening roar sheet flame trailing rocket lifted slowly ground faster faster rose exactly minutes seconds lift capsule cut loose rocket fell freedom space shepard flight short start finish lasted minutes
book communities community place live help ways live places communities forests communities desert communities sit tops mountains river valleys communities size villages small communities towns cities larger states countries bigger communities look pictures pages communities sizes communities places communities look community things community live study play communities think things community look pictures page things community pictures things community community help ways look pictures page helping help community help help communities read communities book community ways community things communities
basic need basic need live shelter basic need shelter covers protects house kind shelter basic needs water food clothing needs communities live help meet needs village papua guinea look map need shelter rain sun shelter keeps safe night house safe night need shelter families live family lives houses houses stand side side live house older boys live women live house children older girls live women family woke happily today exciting house going built father yesterday women cut small trees trimmed branches gathered grasses set piles today build house help started early morning large circle drawn ground bamboo poles laid circle began driving stakes ground circle grasses woven stakes worked hard carried grasses leaves noon walls finished
need water cooking need water washing need water grow food animals plants live think water plenty water rains lot creeks village water creeks animals creeks drink water animals plants fields water rain plants need water raining ponds stopping water creeks ponds save water fields small canal dug pond field water runs canal plants water need food basic need meet need grow food food grown kitchen gardens kitchen garden planted house vegetables fruits grown kitchen gardens foods grown large fields fields houses important food grown sweet potato half food eaten sweet potato eaten sweet potatoes think important food community pigs
communities basic needs meet needs ways think meet needs ways answer location location place found community location location environment environment means things community influences living things environment land land flat hilly wet swampy covered sand ice climate part environment climate kind weather place number climate hot cold wet dry plants part community environment communities thick forests rolling grasslands desert communities water plants animals important part environment animals page animals found community community adapt environment means things fits environment change environment try community place live chapter netherlands netherlands community europe small country europe map netherlands map language netherlands called dutch dutch netherlands
wind netherlands strong mountains stop wind dutch built windmills catch wind power wind turned big blades round round windmills pumped water dutch adapted environment land netherlands clay trees netherlands wood wood costs lot money build wooden house costs lot money decided build houses brick brick clay dutch adapted environment dutch adapted environment ways things changed wetness land changed land rich wet grow things lot rain water flooded land land flat water stayed decided build big walls rivers walls called dikes rivers flooded water lowlands dikes stopped water dutch put scoop wheels windmills wind turned blades scoop wheel moved wheel moved took water land water put canals water ran canals sea dikes windmills land dry
lived south farm adapted environment sheep camels horses ate small desert plants moved place place animals eat needed water dug wells deep land lived tents tents let air tents cool hot wore loose clothing hot sun adapted environment later israel live needed food basic need met keeping animals needed farms grow food farms south land dry places salty plants grow land salty big problems israel called israelis began think wanted solve problems solving problem means find answer israelis talked lot studied schools universities read lot books finally learned ways solve problems learned ways change environment salty land hard problem solve israelis salt special machines water melt salt land
communities specialize help meet basic needs communities specialize things read norway specialized fish nigeria community specializes read learn specialty find chose specialty big community nigeria nigeria country africa find africa map page locate country nigeria find city nigeria located river weather hot wet land farming meet basic needs specialize meet needs community norway specialty specialty oil oil natural resource natural resources places communities specialize things natural resources found oil important natural resource found ground oil specialty discovered knew oil ground think discovery oil changed community think community change important discovery discovery oil changed things jobs oil found lots population
ran bus stop excited grandmother coming visit grandma born lived living north children waited impatiently eventually bus pulled grandma finally bus carrying lots bags packages ran help carry things happy grandma hailed taxi exclaimed grandma drove crowded streets look cars trucks sleepy town left laughed taxi swung huge oil truck town remember haven things oil discovered course don remember mother told huge numbers moved jobs oil workers explained needed places live places shop lots buildings stores restaurants built grown bigger bigger city mother works pointing office building headquarters oil company mrs malawi worked sales manager father works pointing busy street don find grandma proudly
william lucy brown sat steps watching big van van coming street stopped house door woman waiting doorway going move coming live house door movers began big basket moving van put big basket woman fine hope girl moves lucy lucy big cat sitting lap william thinking hoped boy family going ask boy family william stay lucy lucy movers going front walk big box box door woman movers took box william lucy waited front door till woman looked smiled hello live yes live door william mrs bradley stanley pleased door william happy boy family thought mrs bradley talking bradley stanley coming soon street car big dog sat car stopped front house dog barked jumped stanley william
william mrs brown want put raincoat school today looks rain looked lucy lucy week school lucy want put raincoat don need raincoat lucy umbrella put raincoat umbrella mother william raincoats umbrella lucy put raincoat looked umbrella holes rain comes wet rain comes lucy liked umbrella carry rain didn want carry holes let rain find william lucy opened front door stanley dog door waiting decided walk school william lucy stanley jumped wanting carry william decided let carry book bag stanley carrying proudly proudly lucy walked carrying umbrella wished rain open school stanley put book bag steps home lucy wished rain home school miss don forget put raincoats don forget umbrellas gray cloud sky looks rain
william brown needed hair cut money hair cut father hurry home lucy baseball game today william decided hurry wanted game william bicycle started street barber shop lucy calling stanley dog door stanley decided follow william bicycle william parked bicycle barber shop stanley began push shop ahead william stay william inside sat wait ahead william stanley window stanley wanted find inside barber shop shoe shop door pretty soon stanley rushing woman running looked window barber shop opened door big dog asked looked william dog william dog jumped window walked shoes woman shut door bang william watched window woman shop stanley lay sidewalk front barber shop hair cut stanley barked barber looked william boy dog william looked shoes
jennifer west mother father stay mountains night camp lunch jennifer father hope didn forget mother coffee beans hot dogs buns sleeping bags jennifer nuts chipmunks steep hills valleys pine trees beautiful camp open beans mrs west hot dogs west mrs west looked bags boxes opener looked opener woman girl sitting small tent hello jennifer mother kay west find opener borrow nan chase woman lisa borrow borrow pan lisa opener soon coffee beans hot dogs ready jennifer family lisa family sat eat lunches smell pine trees mrs west smell coffee campfire jennifer lunch jennifer lisa camp look rabbits jennifer watched hop snake lisa snake slid log chipmunks jennifer asked heard jennifer chipmunk pine tree
girls eating nuts saw beautiful black white animal slowly making ground asked lisa don jennifer seen animal jennifer lisa looked camp dinner jennifer smelled coffee knew eat lisa hurried dinner camp sat talked laughed tonight going leave nuts sleeping bag jennifer maybe chipmunk looking jennifer sleeping bag dark watched stars sky sleep night jennifer heard moving sat light moon saw beautiful black white animal creeping father sleeping bag daddy jennifer animal don move mother skunk skunk jennifer asked think mother hope father saw skunk afraid skunk gave smell remember morning lisa jennifer talked skunk wasn afraid jennifer afraid chipmunk sat waiting jennifer gave nut lisa
branch oak tree crow looked neighborhood tree rosa cid door cid home mrs cid children wonder getting rosa thought cid step red shirt spool red thread hands put step hi cid rosa getting going cid going sit sun mend rip shirt clean shirt left telephone rang cid ran house answer rosa heard noise oak tree caw caw caw looked crow sat low branch tree swish beautiful crow cid step crow picked spool red thread swish branch tree rosa watched bit bark loose tree crow poked thread bark cid wife boys home tonight busy sat step picked shirt thread asked
carry branches pond pile branches higher water pile branches seen water floor house nights building house carry mud put mud floor branches mud pile feet high top branches put sticks mud top dive deep water dig tunnels tunnels pile mud branches place house start dig cave mud dig cave carry mud tunnels house live leave hole top house air side house high low house ready beavers store food winter tunnels food tunnels carry branches branches low side house low side eat sleep rest high side nights snow falls bark hungry coyote heard beaver house beavers safe safe coyote safe bobcat safe danger
catches fish swims water otter floats eats fill otter dives looking food wants find play finds rock swims sea green water flips rock air catches drops goes finds comes game goes rock lets fall sea plays otters herd jump water high air flip jump otter plays looks food plays dives deep finds clam otter swims clam front paw rock paw floats puts rock stomach hits clam rock eats bits food bit clam shell falls stomach otter flips washes stomach sea night comes sea otter swims bed seaweed pulls seaweed floats seaweed bed rocks tide sleeps
carmelita knew exactly wanted birthday exactly daddy want birthday asked father family asked brother ricardo aquarium carmelita asked remember grandma visit took aquarium miss grandma grandma laughed lot grandma laughed laughed think fine birthday father mind want carmelita carmelita thought wouldn mind going aquarium maybe place ricardo maybe carmelita thought think airport father idea father morning carmelita birthday family airport carmelita watched waiting planes walking voice boomed voice telling planes going planes coming listen machines carmelita popcorn machine ricardo peanuts mother father coffee coffee machine machines carmelita seen place carmelita watched getting plane
augustus asleep houseboat lived sister brother jupiter pop mom tom cat chickens going mississippi river houseboat night asleep houseboat tossed augustus woke augustus opened door looked big wave washed woke asked re drifting augustus re drifting mississippi noise wind rain asked maybe pole land augustus hand pole won water deep listen sit jupiter bed lookout don want bed jupiter heard strange noise sad sound high wind lost afraid sound door lock door augustus lock augustus afraid move pushing door wanted jupiter crawled bed jumped bed slid sheet sound door opened augustus afraid look pushing grabbed chair big shivering wet yellow hound dog standing
ago middle deep dark forest lived chippewa indian boy chipmunk chipmunk lived father mother brother house logs bark big lake morning jumped bed furs ran doorway look mother cooking breakfast fire door smiled today chipmunk going hunting uncle deer deer chief village hunter uncle job teach sister sons hunt chipmunk learn track animals find deep woods learn hunter chipmunk father hunter small bow arrows knife flint blade knife chipmunk woods chipmunk knew learn hunt boys glad big hunt friends ran past lake re going uncle today called lucky chipmunk didn feel lucky secret afraid afraid forest knew paths village boys forest hunt rabbits afraid deep woods
moved brown bird looking bugs brush sound crashing sound big coming deer big deer bear uncle shouted shouted uncle began run big animal ran saw stag bounded forest deer standing path frightened stag didn tell stand quietly shout thought bear chipmunk bear uncle let bear knew watching close learn going hunter forest saw deer village morning deer chipmunk started remember running shouting today deer chipmunk afraid afraid looked trees sky heard wind going sh sh sh treetops head bird moved trees sound chipmunk frightened began run feet cracked branches leaves ground bird
hungry fox hunting supper saw fat partridge brush want frighten sat spoke softly beautiful bird feathers purple sun seen bird beautiful partridge feathers beautiful fox wish sleep imagine beautiful sleeping partridge shut eyes pounce fox jaws partridge fox tell beautiful tell feathers purple sun kill supper fox spoke partridge high apple tree fox looked open mouth shut eyes partridge hungry fox brush looking supper stories read fables kind story fables older fables short fables talking animals objects speak fable important thing happens happens lesson learned fables hare tortoise ant grasshopper names remember
young red fox stood cave side mountain days strange smell danger wind smell danger smell rabbit young red fox hungry started catch supper noise close gentle rabbit nibbled weed fox saw crept close fox catch supper blue jay low screeched anger rabbit flashed burrow fox whimpered sniffed burrow scratched earth whimpered gray black smoke heavy wind forest fire crawled ground dry leaves snapped crackled path fox heard roar fire leaping tree knew run bewildered rabbits mice hiding places squirrels darted ground quail called greasewood squirrels ran fox sparrows blue jays flew low overhead crackle fire closer animals ran forest fox forgot hungry green fields road fox road low brown house big tree growing tree barn
hunted night started black fields reached ranch stopped sound low brown house fox crept chicken house mighty leap thin hungry fox fence making sound chicken house reached seized chicken quick shake head dead chickens set squawking fox leaped fence door house opened shouted dog barked dog leaping doorway fox ran road galloped fence bark dog close closer fox leaped top rail fence waited dark dog racing fox top fence hear bark dog barnyard dog trotted chicken pen chickens scolded softly settled sleep fox return days seeds planted burned earth clover wild grass grew forest branches grew green animals found shelter trees burrows fox hunted supper eaten lay safe cave cleaned fur pulled burrs toes
living thing called organism organisms found dogs cats plants organisms organism found largest number live study organisms answer questions lisa pet store seen mealworms pet store fed worms lizards lisa thought grow food chameleon chameleon type lizard lisa told manager pet store wanted start worm farm manager store gave lisa beetles put round oatmeal box piece apple week lisa emptied beetles newspaper put fresh piece apple potato looked beetles hand lens counted legs legs feelers head weeks later lisa discovered tiny mealworms beetles laid eggs mealworm stages development beetles stages egg larva pupa adult mealworm larval stage beetles beetle adult stage mealworms shed skins week skins grew larger lisa counted segments mealworm week noticed worms stopped moving looked dead pupa resting stage insect
kinds trees growing earth kinds trees grow places identified leaves bark shape flowers fruits color things look leaves page seen leaves leaves fall trees fall leaves fall trees fall names trees leaves grew notice leaf stems leaf called compound leaves simple leaves leaf leaf stem schemes sort objects called identification keys objects sorted properties property observed tested properties objects things color shape size feel leaves kind tree shape kinds trees shaped leaves leaves trees sizes kinds trees nearly kind leaves identification keys properties separate things evergreen evergreen properties evergreens lose leaves fall evergreen trees called deciduous trees lose leaves tree identification key find names leaves shown key start property identification key tree needles tree broad leaves
kinds animals live water fish live water length walking catfish lungfish exceptions fish breathe air walking catfish live land days fins tail crawl ground lungfish south america africa live rivers ponds dry summer fish live buried mud rainy season rivers ponds fill water frogs amphibians toads salamanders amphibian animal lives part water period breathes gills gills obtain oxygen water later young animals adults develop lungs breathing air land alligators reptiles turtles lizards crocodiles snakes reptile cold blooded animal moves short legs belly reptiles air breathing animals reptiles covered scales shells reptiles live entire lives land live water land sea snakes live lives water breathe gills kinds amphibians living today active warm weather hibernate weather cold hibernation resting stage cold weather autumn amphibians burrow moist soil mud bottom ponds lakes streams stay spring
animals live underground prairie dog lives deep hole ground called burrow prairie dogs sound similar bark small dog live prairie large plains middle north america prairie dogs look lot tree squirrels short flat tail sharp claws fur male female prairie dogs grayish brown white underneath marmots woodchucks chipmunks animals related prairie dogs prairie dogs mammals females produce milk nurse young ten pups born spring summer newborn prairie dogs weigh grams ounce eyes open days days later age fully grown reaching centimeters inches length weighing kilograms pounds adults live prairie dogs lived north america fossils hardened remains prairie dogs million found plains rocky mountains mississippi river prairie dogs live plains areas united states canada mexico live mountains prairie dogs found high meters feet rocky mountains colorado
seen side home building job measure electricity building electricity consists movement tiny particles called electrons movement circuit called electricity electric current electrons move wires circuit suppose count number electrons pass place wire measuring electric current battery electric current flow circuit electricity flows wire wire magnet compass needle magnet wire attracted needle moves close wire look picture wire wrapped compass electric current wire wire act magnet wire compass needle move needle move illustration electric circuit battery bulb connected wire needle moves bulb lights electric current circuit current circuit measured ammeter expressed amperes ampere unit electric current ammeter coil wire magnet works coil compass needle electrons flow circuit flow side battery wire side
wires bring electricity homes communities wires underground country large towers holding wires wires carry large amounts electric power generated dams dams hundreds kilometers electricity find electricity enters home fuse box nearby lights home replace fuse wires safely carry amount electricity wire carries electric current hot wires toaster called heating elements wires heating elements hot warm electric appliances overload occurs wires hot suppose ironing refrigerator television turns air conditioner goes appliances electricity electricity flowing wires wires overheat happens fuse stops flow electricity electricity coming homes goes fuse special kind wire wire melt amount current flows current flows fuse happen fuse protects fires result overheated wires
lightning electricity heats air quickly air expands pushing shock wave call sound shock wave thunder rip van winkle folk story slept catskill mountains york dreams rip heard thunder thought rolling bowling balls game describe thunder energy thunder read heard heard talk water wagon say wagon rumbles rough tops clouds think rip van winkle surprised today ideas thunder believe thunder related sun sun source earth energy sun provide energy thunder lightning sun shining lightning seen subjects chapter water comes contact air change liquid gas called evaporation learned evaporation ago bodies wet felt cool remember cold feel shower bath swim water evaporates heat removed skins happens perspire sweat sweating cool bodies water evaporates liquid gas change heat energy
rain fall air cloud cooled point lower dew point dew point temperature condensation begins condensation takes place water vapor forms drops water dew forms ground early morning ground temperature fallen dew point water vapor classroom evaporates streams rivers oceans heat sun gave energy evaporate water heat needed evaporate water cooling air vapor form drops clouds water vapor condenses seen drops water vapor glasses ice water cool things change dew condensation condensation releases heat evaporate water form water rain snow falls clouds precipitation heat released heat released sky cloudy rain evaporates air cooled evaporation stores energy condensation releases energy movement takes place causing winds precipitation storms happen water evaporates lifted high sky water vapor vapor cools water condenses form raindrops raindrops fall earth water runs lakes oceans creeks rivers lakes oceans water evaporated
animals need sight learn surroundings eyes change light signals brain records signals tell turn walk tell catch ball eye compared camera light enters camera lens lens focuses light film focus image picture clear sharp cameras adjustable opening lens called diaphragm larger smaller lets light enter camera shutter opens closes lets light fall film later film developed printed finished picture eyes eyelids camera shutter eyelids protect eyes injury surface eyeballs drying lens eye similar lens camera pupil opening iris colored ring pupil diaphragm camera pupil iris change size brightness light look brightly lit objects iris larger pupil smaller happens iris look objects dimly lit room camera lens focused photographer shape lens changed
scientists believe earth crust including bottoms oceans continuously changing rocks surface continents formed cambrian period period million ago rocks formed sediments bottom ocean later layers rock formed top cambrian rocks places layers found top formed period billion places layers formed period hundred million layers types fossils formed period scientists believe sediments fossils later changed rocks fell ocean bottoms filled deep trenches edges continents later trenches continents chains islands squeezed lifted islands part continents accounts fossils ocean organisms found rocks mountain ranges theories shifting lifting sections earth crust developed scientists believe dry land ocean bottoms ocean bottoms lifted study rock strata fossils provided information types organisms lived million information helps learn occurred organisms
daylight arctic winter roar engines goes clock north slope country alaska oil discovered bay oil greatest source energy important referred black gold bay tundra slopes arctic ocean ago oil collected rocks slope found snow covered ground north slope oil field estimated billion barrels oil alaska billion billion barrels undiscovered oil united states oil north slope oil oil found ground called crude oil billions barrels crude oil pass refineries refineries change crude oil gasoline heating oil lubricating oil asphalt products need products corners earth search oil oil deposits discovered deposits found alaska canada gulf mexico north sea large supplies oil found middle east search goes supply oil limited scientists believe supply seek find sources energy look graph shows oil gas united states
crude oil shipped tankers wells distant refineries oil tankers accidents oil spills greenish substance water oil spill oil floats water oil spills broken drilling rigs ocean oil spills responsible polluting areas coastline killing birds fish sea working transporting oil trying prevent oil spills pipelines move crude oil natural gas oil gas pumped lines cities towns part united states major pipelines carry oil oil fields ocean going tankers kilometer mile pipeline built alaska bay valdez kilometers miles pipeline needed alaska oil drilled effort safe trouble free pipeline united states petroleum moves network kilometers miles pipeline crude oil mixture materials material mixture boiling temperature refineries separate materials crude oil materials include gasoline kerosene heating oil lubricating oil asphalt crude oil vaporized turned vapor vapor rises tall towers materials condense liquid temperatures levels tower
began write drew pictures wanted house drew picture house pictures symbols tried write message pictures think message side sheet paper draw message words numbers draw message father drive dance need picture picture messages show friends understand look picture messages think message difference message imagine trying find person left message message help saw message look person place sure began writing words writing words easier faster drawing pictures messages written words easier understand picture messages trouble reading picture messages look chart shows simple picture symbols turned letter symbols alphabet pictures column called hieroglyphics hieroglyphics kind picture writing egyptians ago hieroglyphic drawing special meaning drawings simpler
live town city lived census number town counted number town united states counted number live town called town population population united states today million million million million ago lot united states today today population billion population keeps growing fast billion population reach billion population grows born die birth rate higher death rate births deaths population grew slowly population grows faster faster born die guess ago farming order eat hunted animals gathered wild plants catch animals find plants eat starved died learned farm food children lived longer scientists discovered medicine ways prevent disease
suppose town grows times large build houses schools streets present standard living united states resources able care countries double populations population growing fastest poor countries food jobs happen countries problem food jobs worse standard living lower maybe maybe maybe population growth slowed maybe countries find ways grow food maybe jobs found countries high standard living helping lower standard living find solutions problems growing numbers limited amount resources population increases resources needed coal oil farmland resources carefully think happens resources scarce united states shares population problem population growing death rate birth rate lowest birth rate united states
slept ground drunk water spring eaten meal wild foods tasted raw meat hunted animals helped plow field build house bitten snake seen real battle everyday happens parts country hunt food grow buy food stores live open small huts live houses apartments wander place place live small villages live towns cities book kinds women girls boys young happy sad earth filled live hot cold live jungles deserts everyday born parts heard live ways alike kinds heard eskimos heard brazilians bushmen navajos ibos americans human belongs group group group alike
anthropologists live culture easy learn speak language eat foods stay hours observe anthropologists try live want learn jungles south america live fierce indian tribes called anthropologist named napoleon study roads lead live travel small boat rivers deep jungle need stores jungle electricity running water streams rivers hot sticky close village study bugs bit slapped bugs wondered let live knew killed enemies killed strangers knew indians maybe trust maybe wouldn finally reached village stooped pushed low entrance looked saw dozen painted dogs bit heels held bow arrows pointed straight study began friend village
parts deserts deserts lands rain falls deserts days warm hot sun sets nights grow cool cold deserts plants small sharp thorns hungry animals eating rain plants quickly blossom bear fruit rains pass plants dry disappear rain parts lakes rivers filled water deserts rivers lakes dry rain deserts sandy soils water passes sand appears springs waterholes southwestern africa huge desert called kalahari miles hundreds miles wide rain falls kalahari months water comes small scattered springs days kalahari temperature rises degrees hot desert months nights grow cold water freezes live doors temperature drops low kinds plants kalahari plants need water grow big strong desert plants grasses bushes kalahari trees
worried days passed messenger village killed thought bad village enemies needed friends traded thought lay hammock fight enemy messenger ran village house days jumped called cousins house ready feast cried moved hammock older wife quickly breakfast roasted bananas fire pulled smoked meat stick fire ate plans lots food needed feast village show generous truly friends help village kill enemies brothers cousins forest hunt meat asked ari oldest son ari young thought stay hunting camp smoke meat kill animals ari agreed forest
ideas head hunters suppose fierce think fight villages loving neighbors families hundreds stories india headhunters feared afraid lands finally anthropologist decided study lived villages indian government law dangerous hunted heads india live asia asia largest continents half live asia big important cities asian live cities live villages small towns asian live bands tribes bands tribes bushmen asia live kind group haven read live ways culture ways cultures northeast india border burma anthropologist travel half hundreds miles jungle
dreamed giving feast merit feasts grand build house horns roof visitors house carved posts house horns ready feast hired boys girls weed fields days liked watch young joked laughed teased sang worked girls yo worked favorite boys neighborhoods worked older boys watched progress groups wanted finish songs jokes shot finally fields relatives cooked big pots rice tubs beer dozen cattle roasted pigs chickens vegetables fruits food kinds waited eaten neighborhood villages miles important government arrived road close village big truck wore fine clothes thought rich important put finest feathers earrings painted lime
country friends parents won care backgrounds friends mother grocer father plumber friends parent minister automobile mechanic object play imagine country pick playmates parents india country india friends mother weaver play eat children able marry chose true father teacher barber shoemaker hundred million indians divided groups thing speak languages indians parts country understand language speak english widely known language india divided indians belong groups call castes thousands castes india ago caste told castes priests teachers warriors storekeepers castes carpenters stonemasons shepherds sweepers caste kind present times caste kinds
tired indoors rocking baby sister watched mother frying bread pan oil bread shaped pancake mother fried big stack suddenly mother hungry working eat mother silent thought acts baby tries bargain finally rocking minutes give bread baby began cry mother angry shouted rock sister eat week began cry rocked baby mother handed hot took ran door laughing ran street house clear sunny rains streets dried trees bright green weeks leaves brown dust felt happy looked young relatives ran soon saw fine house lots children standing porch village women group talking
brazil indians lived bushmen build towns cities portugal began coming brazil city started sugar plantations coast brazil brought slaves africa sugar fields portuguese settlers rich selling sugar settlers began build towns cities coast gold discovered hundreds miles inland sugar growers rushed country mine gold soon towns began grow mines ranches started feed towns slaves brought coast ranches mines indians living nearby worked settlers hundred mining gold gold mine towns busy rich poor moved cities sao paulo stayed towns land farming began things metal leather mining towns cities town visited city felt city liked houses close liked noise streets wore city clothes evenings walked large square
play team plays parts actors teams positions players sociologists call parts positions term roles peter pan role playing base play role rules follow play role navajo woman things things things belong role sociologists believe live play playing roles roles real believe sociologists call groups play roles society bushmen society groups studied remember ten naga boy sleep boy sleeps home ten boy role boy role role set rules thing ten roles rules bands tribes roles roles women roles boys girls roles headmen important cities modern nations roles mrs betty teacher
lagos capital nigeria million city ways ways lagos yoruba tribe biggest tribe nigeria ibos tribal groups began settling lagos hundred ago yoruba built fishing villages islands coast nigeria villages grew ships lands visited buy slaves black americas yoruba tribe british took lagos stopped slave trade began develop country built stores schools government buildings factories ship yards racetrack horses tribal nigeria lagos city grew grew spread mainland oldest part city lagos island remained center thousands thousands moved lagos moved suburbs newcomers moved crowded part lagos island wanted live relatives wanted shops factories migrants brought families yoruba families big ibo yoruba wives children uncles aunts cousins try live houses run move
lived project nearly months mother able sell fewer customers gave idea trader family pay rent making money father spend money government paid house looked family live project forever place torn bored home missed relatives live scattered crowded streets play groups women standing talking line water outings mother sell clothes dull talked parents agreed school grades able win scholarship private school home soon walked door buses school began change school soon friends friends project homes important doctors lawyers government officials girl special friend father important government official lived big house servants
weeks ran money mom couldn pay furniture store took furniture move moved bad building walls dirty peeling paint sink bathroom hall families floor mother cried real bad worse shack country run sun run fields look subway comes ground makes lot noise runs night tough winter week eat pancakes syrup school felt hungry dizzy folks school mom saying don children add worries home dark furnace building broke cold knew find building owner finally father told government office heat found owner fix furnace helped lot feel bad mrs travis brought clothes kids outgrown travis helped dad job big machine shop travis knew worked
month father home early surprised newspaper hand excited excited understand saying showed newspaper front page picture sacred lake underneath big headline government going give lake valley father big celebration biggest invite friends neighborhood quick start celebration days brother ran tell friends party seen food women early tortillas helped mother cook big pots stew smell chili thirty wore taos clothes soon apartment crowded bus talking laughing sang songs tribe small room sounded thunder father picked swung laughing tanya buckskin pony ride laughed look funny ride pony streets chicago moved furniture room sat floor eat
human basic needs things clearly understand easy recognize need basic needs met things human needs stay alive things bodies called physical needs need air breathe live air minutes need sleep bodies rest rebuild spent sleeping food important need waking connected food eating preparing earning money buy need shelter protection things extreme cold strong winds hot sun reasons wear clothes live houses needs important physical needs emotional needs emotional needs met relating basic emotional needs love security acceptance likely suffer greatly develop problems emotional needs met person needs feel loved wanted needs thinks important cares need feel lives give receive experience kinds love
feel test feel party don feel mistake things happen react situations ways upset experiences strong uncomfortable reactions things unpleasant situation conscious actions real reasons behavior things reasons aware unconscious reasons confused asleep knocked kind unconscious try avoid situations troublesome walking street shy girl boy knows slightly crosses side street avoid greet talk ways trying avoid escape things trouble daydream working hard boring tired sick accident job alcohol drugs ways escaping problems lose memory
pet dog curly curly full ready play curly died cried dad let bury yard didn want admit curly dead finally agreed sad dad saying bye curly think curly lot times fishing broke leg took care ran week worried loved curly curly dead pet died person knew loved die feelings common experienced death death loss easy give care feel give part bereavement feeling person care died feeling feelings feeling sorrow comes separation feel realize person died return feeling anger angry feel hurt think person death happened feel left care protection feel angry blame death occurred
drinks don able control drinking drunk intoxicated person alcohol problem alcoholic alcoholism disease drunk regularly treated sinners criminals suffering illness million problem drinkers united states persons drink regularly likely alcoholic largest number drinking problems found early twenties forties fifties mean women alcoholics researchers believe million alcoholic women united states studies show alcohol abuse male female teenagers rise knows teenagers alcohol problems knows alcoholism knowing person alcoholic heredity personality childhood influences diet doctors agree alcoholism results acting believe kinds alcoholism alcoholics addicted alcohol control drinking physical emotional need alcohol alcohol drink develop withdrawal symptoms
group drugs called narcotics narcotics produced opium opium obtained seed pods type poppy illegal grow opium poppies united states narcotics prescribed doctors relieve pain anxiety sleeplessness treat diarrhea continued narcotic drug physical psychological dependence stopping drug withdrawal sickness heroin major drug addiction medically special research obtained special permit banned law addicted heroin treated methadone methadone drug heroin satisfies addict need heroin produce effects addict heroin morphine strictly controlled law medical limited doctors prescribe morphine relieve severe pain codeine strong morphine heroin cough medicines small amounts codeine drugs group called depressants sedatives act brain nervous system slow mind body doctors prescribe drug group calm nervousness anxiety help sleep alcohol drugs group discussed section beginning page barbiturates prescribed sleeping pills calming nervousness
looks fun cigarette ads enjoy smoking tobacco companies spend millions dollars advertise products package cigarettes find words warning surgeon general determined cigarette smoking dangerous health confusing spite warning smoke million teenage smokers teenage girls smoking smoke reasons begin smoking look grown friends continue smoke reasons feel smoking lift helps relax smokers light cigarettes worried tense angry smokers actually hunger smoke emotional need cigarettes smoke hands smoke habit forget cigarette lit light tobacco smoke thousand substances dangerous harmful substances nicotine tar carbon monoxide nicotine poisonous drug rate heartbeat makes blood pressure rise smokers dependent drug nicotine makes hard give smoking habit tar tobacco smoke combination substances
family father mother children living kind family families alike families large small families children child children families parent families things common special relationship members family depend care needs claude family small claude brother father mother relatives live family parents children called nuclear family families kind common today shirley lives large apartment house mother father child shirley grandparents live uncles aunts uncles families live building shirley grandparents live block shirley cousins celebrate holidays shirley part extended family kind family includes members parents children type family living found commune louise husband paul live couples farmhouse share expenses rebuilding running house
movies tv programs books show marriage goal stories end marriage couple planning marry marriage end beginning living marriage agreement share lives successful marriage partners think marriage satisfy needs individuals satisfy need comfort security acceptance especially satisfy need give receive love married couple ways express love sexually emotionally spoken words actions marriage successful person thinking marriage help answer questions asking questions look chart page answers questions show lot marriage chances success couples spend lot thought planning wedding couples want customs words include white dress bride wedding march exchange traditional marriage vows big party wedding kind wedding expensive choose wedding form couple wedding ceremony feel words say feel wedding small informal
senses depend say seeing learn comes eyes sense sight eye ball shaped organ set bony hollow eyeball covered white outer coat sclera cornea clear window pane covers front part eye cornea pupil pupil looks round black spot center eye opening light enters eye iris colored part eye pupil iris pupil larger smaller iris controls amount light comes eye bright light iris makes pupil smaller dim light iris makes pupil larger light enter eye pupil lens lens clear round part eye lens magnifying glass camera thick middle thin edge light rays enter eye pass lens light rays form picture retina eye retina nerve endings surface nerve endings connect optic nerve leads brain optic nerve brain receives signals picture retina
feel tired walking flight stairs gasping breath run block catch bus look mirror flabby body sagging muscles physical condition physical fitness means body condition physical fitness includes firm muscles flexible body includes able things tiring quickly includes heart lungs blood vessels includes body weight finish chapter physical condition physical condition need combination things strength endurance flexibility strength measured force muscles exert measuring strength finding lift muscles need exercise build strength endurance measured times muscles exercise condition muscles arms legs chest endurance muscles working steady supply oxygen food wastes muscle cells removed fast produced oxygen food brought muscles blood wastes carried blood heart pumps blood lungs parts body heart muscle able efforts muscles
sleep styles needs sleep basic needs sleep body rests tired muscles relax energy restored mind refreshed helped think clearly scientists exactly sure things happen sleep important physical mental health regular sleep especially important lot physical mental activity sleep needs times newborn babies sleep young children need sleep adults adults need ten hours sleep night older need fewer hours sleep set rules sleep needed shorter amounts sleep need sleep stay physical mental condition important thing find sleep need hear speak sleeping log tossing turning night actually sleeps movements change body position ten times night sleep move arms legs scientists discovered kinds sleep types sleep called deep sleep dream sleep night sleep deep sleep dream sleep turns period deep sleep dream sleep
diseases called venereal disease germs diseases passed person person sexual intercourse treated early permanent damage death especially dangerous person infected person pass disease sexual partners pass spread quickly united states seconds young age common forms gonorrhea syphilis genital herpes gonorrhea common type known names clap drip strain dose symptoms gonorrhea start show days sexual contact infected person males discharge pus penis females notice discharge vagina males females feel burning pain urinate females gonorrhea symptoms disease gonorrhea treated worse gonorrhea germs damage body sterility person able children happens gonorrhea infection scar tissue form reproductive organs gonorrhea germs harm heart bladder kidneys joints
child say going baseball player movie star grow start thinking careers young don decisions career older career earn money career give chance special interests talents feel thought choosing health career think means doctor nurse fact kinds health jobs require preparation training advance give job training health care job suit kind skill aptitude interests talents lead career health earn living feeling helping picture situations hospital operating room room sparkling clean brightly lit surgeon soon perform operation set equipment surgeon need assist surgeon operation operation care equipment operating room order operating room technician surgical aide vital team member important job
health important decide book learning health introduction pointed health sick feeling think health sick say feel sick today feel fine today remember wellness sick degrees wellness slightly sick sick lower higher level wellness person changing growing wellness improves try capable level wellness increases put health values increase level wellness choose care health includes eating balanced diet getting plenty rest exercise regular health examinations avoiding harmful substances situations ways increase wellness talents interesting ways promotes wellness happens read think happens participate hobbies sports happens try positive stress promote wellness controlled stress alert productive person
nap car dream heading west covered wagon hot blankets dream summer friends covering warm sand sleep brother kicks dream pony bed bed feeling mad dream woke true evening dawson wife marjorie cold let extra blankets donald mrs dawson blankets attic let attic blankets soon dawsons bed marjorie dawson blanket shrunk don think warm mrs dawson dawson closed eyes felt cold air neck pulled covers higher feet cold dawson blanket mrs dawson short dawson mrs dawson bed pulled blanket dawson feet bed dawson feet warm neck cold neck cold dawson pull blanket mrs dawson dawson pulled blanket
york leads nation ways lead size picture york looks small compared alaska texas fact states larger york extreme length east west miles include island stretches miles east main body north south greatest distance miles square miles interesting square miles area consists inland waters lakes ponds york addition watery square miles square miles water lake erie lake ontario included boundaries stranger ask york look say boy valley tell beautiful majestic adirondacks describe friends mt marcy giant rising feet describe algonquin cascade giant peaks feet high girl describe york place sandy beaches pounding surf sailboats fishing boats flat fertile potato fields sounds fog horn quacking ducks
ice finally melted lakes rivers mountains formed york ready earliest times place live reasons york climate difference climate weather weather condition air climate weather period average weather weather climate place depend deal things temperature air amount moisture air humidity air pressure wind temperature measure heat course earth heat rays sun rays strike earth directly warmer rays strike earth slant part equator sun rays directly overhead noon area equator called torrid zone hot climate farther north south equator slanting noonday rays sun strike earth heat provide noticed york distance equator location means york moderate climate hot cold fact average temperature degrees
natural resource york forest land forests york eastern part catskill mountains adirondacks twelve million acres forests owned private companies million acres owned kinds trees grow york pine spruce balsam cedar hemlock tamarack ash maple birch main reasons forests york important natural resource water supply depends forests deal soil forest acts big sponge stores rain soaks slowly water forest soil holding flows lakes creeks rivers enjoy water stored forest soil let slowly prevents bad floods means lakes streams rivers receive water forest dry spells soil depends forests roots trees hold soil place seen bare hillside hard rain force rain washes soil hill happens topsoil grow forests topsoil washed difficulty growing food need
town clerk important job keeps records town board meetings addition keeps record births marriages deaths town town clerk office place want buy hunting license fishing license permit dynamite boys town friendship able fishing albany fishing license town clerk close hand issue license helpful citizens government town clerk important ways office marriage licenses issued burial allowed permit town clerk peddlers need permit town clerk sell goods town junk dealers need town clerk permit carry business town superintendent highways biggest jobs town government responsible town roads condition times means plowing roads winter fixing roads spring jobs needed roads smooth highway superintendent machines help trucks sanders snowplows graders condition
sixty counties york york city governed board supervisors board supervisors towns county county city inside borders ward city supervisor member board supervisors members board supervisors serve serve supervisors towns board supervisors makes laws county sees laws carried board supervisors makes budget needs county decided county needs board power collect taxes pay needs borrow money important projects board supervisors charge county buildings seen county courthouse county buildings include sanitarium ill home office building garage county trucks machines addition board appoints officials help carry duties fields health welfare care county roads addition board supervisors important persons county government elected
legislature makes laws york legislature group makes laws group divided parts part called senate part called assembly member group called senator member assembly called assemblyman divided sections called senatorial districts section elects senator members york senate senator serves district re elected district want serve divided sections called assembly districts number assemblymen elected district depends number living district places york city buffalo assemblyman elected altogether members york assembly assembly districts follow county lines law says county assemblyman exception hamilton county shares assemblyman neighbor fulton county assemblymen serve re elected times want representatives senate assembly york legislature legislature meets capital building albany
clothing industry important biggest industry clothing worn york york city fact dresses coats blouses worn women country york city wonder crowded city island find room clothing interestingly clothing factories found small area heart manhattan island garment industry located times square street avenue avenue york city map help familiar big city blocks garment industry covers area acres area size farm clothing factories need room expect factories large lofts upper floors tall buildings decides start dress factory instance rents floor building loft moves sewing machines equipment hires thirty forty cut sew hires salesmen business dresses factory makes sold stores city system deliver dresses simple
york leads rest making cameras supplies needed pictures rochester home eastman kodak company makes cameras kinds film screens projectors chemicals needed print pictures rochester eastman xerox companies special kinds paper film business industry family camera industry optical industry word optic means vision eye science optics science light optical industry makes special pieces glass known lenses mirrors lenses mirrors affect light lenses eyeglasses enable clearly lenses microscopes enable objects small seen naked eye lenses telescopes enable distant objects lenses cameras enable pictures rochester home york optical industry company eastman company leaders important field largest piece optical glass telescope mirror corning york famous corning glass works round mirror inches diameter feet giant telescope mt palomar california
newest industries york electronics industry industry growing rapidly electronics industry makes parts television sets transistor radios hi fi sets radar police radios airfield equipment ray machines computers instruments atomic research medical research general electric company leaders electronics industry beginning general electric scientists outstanding field instance improved radio tube result dr albert hull general electric scientist dr william coolidge designed tube ray machines today general electric research laboratory schenectady finest general electric plants making electronic equipment york cities plant syracuse large makes radios television sets hi fi sets plants auburn clyde hudson falls buffalo york industries ready products fill need company making hearing aids hearing aids special kind battery small lasts kind battery metals nickel cadmium re charged rays sun call solar batteries solar batteries outer space supply power radio transmitters television cameras tape recorders electronic equipment space satellites tiros pioneer explorer
robin father picked boat robin named dove boat feet metric system page small boat snug cozy cabin bunks galley kitchen head bathroom kitchen stocked food water food canned robin taking fishing line catch cook fresh fish trip radio tape recorder books company lonely hours sea taking kittens named joliette suzette weeks july spent making minute plans journey suddenly begin robin soon ocean morning july hot misty robin climbed aboard dove ready begin leg journey left safe harbor los headed hawaii joliette suzette adventure begun direction robin sail los hawaii north south east west ocean cross find city hawaii heading figure miles sail map pages help answer questions
map shows average amount rain snow sleet hail falls earth surface things forms water bring water earth saying rain snow sleet hail word word precipitation water important fall evenly parts earth look map places rain snow needs places study map carefully places heavy precipitation political map pages map pages help countries precipitation part united states rain snow inches fall part united states map pages help amount precipitation place affects live deal rain thailand hot damp live wear clothes live houses live country sudan rain hot dry sudan rain falling face earth scientists tell thunderstorms
wanted universe means earth sky stars begin big lies farther space end knows answers questions maybe today ideas began sure facts solar system part universe closest earth word solar means sun solar system sun planets circle sun star planets give light heat sun planets earth planet moon drawing pages picture solar system shows part universe believed earth center universe thought sun stars moved earth think gave idea true earth spins axis planets move sun sun billions stars facts helped answer questions question change seasons earth part warm
curious study find young children children took part study questions asked hills waves wind clouds stay sky night answers lots questions studied carefully found young children understood things children wanted learn studies thing help teachers teach teach children learn facts skills sooner thought helps write books helped author book say tool animals hammers saws tools puts class true say tools animals animals stones sticks help food coast california animals called sea otters swim ocean shore eat meat shellfish found sea bottom otter picks shell picks flat stone otter comes surface floats
learn chapter called aborigines word means known lived land aborigines study live australia land big called continent turn map pages find australia look big map compared continents small size united states alaska look map shows part australia aborigines live large part continent walk week week end part australia empty eighty thousand live twelve million live parts australia live coast later learn map shows ranges line low hills hills live group aborigines chapter learn land easier understand live ways learn land course
seen pictures showing land seen signs water surprise find water remember faucets taps home die thirst water found underground reached digging hole stick places underground water likely found called soaks learn soaks desert water found bottom cave dark cool cave water evaporate escape air fast hot sun water moving days find water travel find animals hunt learned travel night cool perspire travelers rest daytime covering bodies sand protects sun water find bad salty follow animal tracks find water survive learned live land seen land offers live move
find ghana global map page compared africa ghana small ghana size wyoming learn map ghana large body water equator think live ghana look maps africa pages find ghana political map physical map desert named sahara south ghana ghana low low hills mountains weather hot study rainfall map page rain falls southwest part ghana thick forests geographers call rain forest called jungle parts rainfall covered grass separate clumps small trees geographers call kind land savanna soil plants weather help decide want live hot cold rain rain kind soil questions ask deciding settle place surprising want live places easy grow plenty food find crowded place knowing population density
look pictures pages shows natural resource ghana natural resource valuable comes earth water oil soil natural resources forests wildlife minerals mineral resource animal plant alive resources shown pictures minerals maybe pictures left show shows large diamond shows piece gold worth deal money pictures harder tell metals top bauxite aluminum metal parents strong lightweight ladder likely aluminum metal strong weighs building airplanes hundreds things bottom picture manganese making steel mining important ghana brings deal money country mines pictures large amounts metals metals sold countries bring money ghana question sound silly harder answer think hundreds gold valuable found yellow metal things beauty collected saved traded admired
americans fly london eastern cities trip night flights leave early evening suppose making flight dinner soon plane takes dinner decide watch movie shown curl hours sleep soon daylight begins peeping windows look british isles feet slowly huge plane begins pick farms fields england stewardess asks fasten seat belt going land london airport plane ground leave plane terminal help stop stare huge airport hundreds busily coming going bus hire cab london camera interesting pictures hotel london big bustling exciting city learn let look maps idea let begin finding british isles global map page look map british isles largest islands britain
cosmopolitan city denver separate communities small groups city called minority groups bigots give members group equal chance bigots hard part government jobs find housing minority accepted majority difference minority groups majority skin color religion country families language customs mexican americans indians puerto ricans cubans blacks minority groups united states remember live communities puerto rican member minority group puerto rico denver mexican americans chicanos mexican americans wish known form largest minority group chicanos live denver suburbs tenth live denver chicano teachers doctors dentists nurses lawyers judges writers artists architects planners engineers kinds chicanos denver flour mills meat packing companies factories chicanos kinds playing important part denver growth
cities denver deal dirty air water add dirt glass water water longer pure caused pollution water hard puzzle dirty air water dangerous clean air breathe clean water drink factories pour smoke air waste rivers cars trucks buses airplanes give gases poison live close garbage trouble garbage left open germs grow burned open air adds smoke air learn pollution chapter big cities pollution troubles puzzle suburbs denver trying hard cure troubles takes money united states government helps pay bill city pays bill denver citizens plan helping form block clubs improve neighborhoods paint houses sweep curbs sidewalks rid rubbish lying homes think clubs cities denver torn unsafe buildings built place housing poor middle income families pay denver wants citizens matter income color live enjoy denver
earlier chapter chose leaders important jobs class going elect mayor imaginary american city call city real city american cities remains cities country middle sized city live city half million live suburbs city let suppose flying aboard jet plane due land afternoon city jet captain makes report plane loudspeaker ladies gentlemen says runways airport ten flights waiting land turn sorry delay finally forty minutes circling airport land airports exciting busy crowded wait baggage bus trip city ride city notice weather changed looked bright sunny plane air ground sky hazy foggy notice eyes begin sting closer city air polluted
north south directions directions east west sun rise east set west face north east west left east west opposite directions help find places maps globes directions shown small drawing map drawing called compass rose find compass rose map direction travel illinois wisconsin illinois indiana top page photograph shows part minneapolis minnesota photograph airplane photograph drawing part minneapolis special kind drawing symbols symbols stand real things places minneapolis key shows real things places symbols stand symbol bridges map bottom page shows part minneapolis photograph drawing show map special drawing key symbols map key drawing stand real things places symbol bridges places distances shown maps smaller real size earth number inches map show number miles earth
measure height measure distance bottom feet top head bottom feet base earth hills mountains measured base top base earth hills mountains sea level find sea level feet drawing mountain distance sea level called elevation lines drawing contour lines contour lines show elevation points contour line distance sea level find foot contour line drawing find contour map mountain highest contour line shown drawing highest contour line shown map color added contour lines yellow color stand elevation green part find orange part find part drawing top page elevation shown maps part map part united states elevation land columbia river elevation highest places washington lines drawn map called lines latitude beginning line measuring latitude equator equator halfway poles latitude lines extend east west
science attempt understand explain observe senses careful observation needed scientific activity observe leads ask happened happened laboratory important find answers questions find answers making observations color feel noise odor taste senses answer questions consider kinds questions object big hot fast moving observing object give general idea size temperature speed need observations terms meaningful object need accurate observations able communicate observed require standards measuring standards developed system counting animals ability understand differences number ability called number sense reasonable assume early number sense moved caves dwellings built measurement needed construction words needed express quantity size distance convenient objects bodies early developed common terms definitions units measurement
times words describe space kind matter takes glass water gallon olive oil teaspoon salt bushel corn common descriptions volume volume amount space occupied form matter solid liquid gas units measure space called volume units units mentioned shown figure measuring small amounts matter measuring large amounts gallon glass liquid volume measurements bushel measuring solids teaspoon measure liquids solids makes unit measuring volume requirements acceptable volume units measuring length mass requirements unit easily duplicated unit means thing unit easily changed larger smaller units test requirements units teaspoons glasses problems arise case cubit yard measurement consistent measure volume metric system units chapter measurements length area metric units measured width book centimeters find area table desk top multiplied length centimeters width centimeters
learned find volume object measuring volume water displaces takes place called displacement method problem displacement method find volume irregularly shaped objects find volume loosely packed material suppose ml graduated cylinder half full apparent volume ml actual volume form loosely packed material spaces ml volume volume air spaces displacement method find actual volume want try idea water displacement method finding volume handy science laboratory real wouldn want water find volume object collection objects consider sizes automobile engines volume units american car engines cubic inches instance european car engines liters measurement refers total volume cylinders displaced pistons move upward cylinders figure wouldn want fill cylinders water find volumes
force push pull applied object application force involves motion applied force results motion object problem studied rate motion roller skate conditions caused skate move pushed words applied force push pull object applying force forces affect motion objects understood galileo galilei contributed understanding motion suggested motion moving object natural absence motion object rest galileo person observe object set motion direction applied force object continues speed direction force acts galileo observations later formalized isaac newton law motion chapter repeat experiments galileo force applied object affects motion object rate motion moving body constant rate motion object decreasing object decelerating rate motion increasing object accelerating acceleration change rate motion speed velocity unit rate motion changing uniformly called uniformly accelerating motion
chapter continue investigate force motion study relationship force happens combination forces acts object learn measure force needed overcome friction simple machines force moves object distance calculate amount force multiplied distance force acts lift kg suitcase ground joules joule metric unit measure force apply equal weight suitcase weight suitcase mass multiplied acceleration due gravity look figure follow joule force weight newton moved distance meter calculation newton represented portion kg portion combines mass acceleration due gravity factors determine force part equation newton equals kg force overcome force study pendulum saw gravity
motion object changed unbalanced resultant force combination forces contributes resultant force force magnitude direction forces combine add cancel depending magnitude direction force large box resting floor middle room want move box corner room person apply force box push side box corner box move direction applied resultant force magnitude resultant force figure suppose push sides box angles figure equal force applied side magnitude resultant force greater single forces resultant force act direction halfway original forces force directed north east resultant force act direction study effects applying forces object problem spring scales measure magnitude applied forces learn determine resultant force
energy ability involves motion moving objects kinetic energy stored energy rock poised cliff potential energy kinds energy discussed earlier chapter examples potential kinetic energy nature consider water cycle series natural energy diagram page starting water oceans radiant energy sun warms water evaporates radiant energy special form energy travels waves hits object water heat energy heat energy water expand dense resulting water vapor energy sunlight evaporate water vapor rises rises cools condenses molecules closer condensed water vapor forms clouds turn carried land masses condensation continue clouds forming drops water water falls land precipitation rain snow water cycle energy raise water earth energy released water falls earth raindrops earth strike remember order force motion object case falling raindrops motion soil leaves materials water falls land forms streams rivers
kinetic theory states increase temperature matter increase rate motion molecules matter molecules move results motion increase space occupied matter heat applied matter remember problem wire longer heated liquid gas filled greater volumes heated thermometers expansion contraction matter caused heat energy crude thermometer depend expansion contraction liquid gas thermometer principle investigated part problem early thermometer affected atmospheric pressure reliable scientists soon designed thermometers liquids german physicist gabriel fahrenheit person mercury thermometer scales commonly measure temperature fahrenheit scale celsius scale swedish astronomer anders celsius suggested temperature scale bears scales reference points calibration marking fixed points freezing point water boiling point water reference points check accuracy thermometer figure compares scales fahrenheit celsius thermometers range water remains liquid celsius scale degrees
experiments support theory theory light composed extremely tiny particles packets light energy called photons light disturb break kinds matter light beam strong matter give energy effect easily explained terms light particles waves exposure photographic film explained terms photons striking chemicals unexposed film investigate effect light film camera wave theory photon theory validity say situations light energy behaves waves cases particles consider wave theory light waves act series parallel rays ray single beam light strikes smooth surface bounces reflects surface general smoother surface regular compact ray light reflected suppose bouncing ball sidewalk sidewalk smooth concrete predict bounce ball accurately sidewalk built cobblestones ball rebound direction chapter measure angles light reflected smooth surface mirror light moves space vacuum velocity
form electricity current electricity current electricity electric charges motion chapter effects current electricity effects include production light magnetic effects making mechanical energy electric motors learned electrons chapter current electricity caused movement negatively charged particles move current current electrons flow region excess number electrons region region deficient electrons called positively charged region extra electrons negatively charged current electricity comes main sources electric cells generators generators change mechanical energy electrical energy electric cells chemicals produce electrical energy kinds electric cells wet cells dry cells wet cells chemicals dilute acid solutions dry cells chemicals form paste type cell current produced chemicals react metals part cell figure electric cells type joined battery wet cells joined form storage battery kind battery start engines cars boats airplanes dry cells kind battery flashlights transistor radios generators supply large scale electricity needs
explored magnetic effects current electricity electromagnets moving magnetic material iron electricity electric motors problem test simple electric motor motor device converts electrical energy rotary circular motion simple motor permanent magnets electromagnets fixed movable fixed electromagnet called field magnet field coil movable called armature armature mounted shaft shaft rotate freely magnetic field field magnet figure michael faraday english scientist discovered wire carrying electric current field magnet force exerted wire wire pulled pole magnet happens magnetic fields surround wire magnet interact wire moved end magnet motion stops move opposite direction reversing poles magnet reversing direction current wire electromagnet coils wire current flowing direction current determines polarity electromagnet reversing direction current reverses magnet polarity
bulbs connected circuit bright bulbs series circuit electricity flow lamp return power source order complete circuit dimness lamps suggests current present parallel hard understand think bulb resistance flow electrons bulbs voltage decreases bulb bulb force electrons resistance pathway electricity travel resistances succession lamps connected parallel offer pathways electrons flow lamps water pipe idea clearer imagine water pipe obstructions obstruction permit liter minute flow obstructions located series maximum amount current flow pipe liter minute figure suppose obstructions pipes connected side side parallel obstructed pipe allow liter minute flow makes total current liters minute main pipe figure put ammeter voltmeter circuit fact mind
chunk coal contact air thousands show real change heat coal burn rapidly give heat light energy crush coal powder mix stream oxygen explode ignited rates reaction substances coal oxygen chapter learn reactions occur faster conditions fast chemical change takes place affects ways gasoline car fuel explode inside cylinders engine develop power rocket fuels react explosively lift rocket ground reactions place slowly don notice bicycle show rust months brown spots begin inorganic nonliving material bicycle decays slow rate slow processes paint metal surfaces rusting add preservatives wood slow rate decay measured rate water flows holes timed falling objects determine rates acceleration due gravity event order measure rate chemical reaction note begins ends
large chemical industries existed century products lot comfort textile industry textile fibers plants animals past synthetic fibers produced include nylon orlon rayon polyesters fabrics items including clothes rugs curtains housing industry helped chemical research paints longer protect plastic surfaces formica floor tile synthetic added comforts home chemistry played major role improvement transportation gasoline extracted crude oil chemistry vehicles produced demand increased gasoline chemistry gasoline extracted barrel oil fuels part story upholstery trim paint glass tires research efforts chemical automotive engineers contribution chemical research field medicine knowledge chemistry body increased research biochemists developed drugs fight disease body malfunctions penicillin sulfa drugs fight infections vaccine polio countless drugs countless purposes advances thousands lives easier processes involved caused problems problems grouped general heading pollution
single term pollution sums enormous problem wastes disposed contaminate region expelled contamination depends things depends kind waste product substance pollutant key disrupts natural balance environment pollution air water soil recently recognized real problem sure wastes dispose content dump pits dump areas nearest body water thousand methods didn deal harm wastes waste products industries dangerous tragic examples pollution found dense population industrial activity present air pollution problem large cities major source air pollution mixture car exhaust industrial waste gases mixture acted radiant energy sun smog smog dangerous green plants humans animals water pollution takes forms fertilizers wash fields rivers lakes rapid growth algae tiny green plants algae completely cover surface water reduces amount sunlight green plants surface
living things nonliving things composed chemical substances substances classified elements compounds mixtures sulfur iron examples elements ordinary methods break substance sulfur iron element defined substance changed substance ordinary means naturally occurring elements present additional element characteristics properties distinctly elements sulfur nonmetal attracted magnet color sulfur yellow iron metal attracted magnet color iron varies black gray smallest unit element properties element called atom individual atom small seen millions joined identical atoms form mass visible substance call element atoms element alike atoms element elements tend unite elements unite definite proportions weight element powdered iron powdered sulfur mixed heated test tube iron sulfur unite forming solid mass composed approximately weight units iron approximately weight units sulfur
means microscope able learn internal structure living things microscope examination skin stripped lettuce leaf shows skin constructed small units cells examine specimens parts plant plant find similar structure specimens animal tissue show constructed cells plants animals types cells aid performing organism activities cell smallest unit living thing composed aids living thing carrying activities bodies organisms composed cells buildings composed bricks elements composed atoms larger organisms consist cells smaller organisms organisms ameba microscopic size consist cell organisms humans large consist millions millions cells cells vary greatly size shape internal structure basically similar fig cell plant animal main parts nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane structures alive protoplasm living material cell cell mass protoplasm nucleus plant cells structure cell wall found animal cells
organisms ameba composed cell organisms unicellular living water animals close contact food water oxygen need celled animal takes food food animal takes water additional water enters animal cell osmosis cell membrane oxygen enters cell diffusion normal movement cytoplasm carries food water oxygen cell waste materials eliminated directly cell celled organisms survive watery environment organisms composed cells multicellular celled organisms dogs corn cells deep inside body internal cells require food water oxygen internal cells secure substances depend cells secure bring food cells line inside cheek protect underlying tissues cheek cheek cells food air unable absorb materials cheek cells depend blood bring food oxygen cells multicellular organisms types type special activity performs blood cells carry oxygen nerve cells carry impulses messages type cell specialized distinctive features enable carry special activity
america young soil fertile natural resources result overfarming overcutting timber overhunting resources began dwindle fertile soil poor forests destroyed species wildlife nearly completely extinct natural balance balance nature tendency numbers organisms community remain unchanged natural conditions balance temporarily upset normal feeding habits organisms community soon restore natural balance numbers growing season food plentiful increase number rabbits area increase number hawks eat rabbits fed hawks reproduce larger larger numbers devour rabbits number rabbits dwindle result food numerous hawks die starvation soon number hawks decreases number rabbits begins increase eventually number rabbits number hawks return original level area organisms carry activities materials environment give materials repeated shifting materials organisms environment forms natural cycles circulations materials food chains webs energy sun transferred plants animals
human skeleton fig consists separate bones chief divisions skull spine limbs arms legs skull consists curved bones edges bones form hollow case encloses brain indentations front part skull form cavities eyes lie chambers sides skull house parts ears framework cartilage tissue softer bone bone bony passageway form nose skull rests upper end spine spine backbone consists thirty bones called vertebrae bones separated disk shaped pads cartilage arrangement bones disks spine flexibility vertebrae pads form hollow tube delicate nerve tissue spinal cord spine muscles attached trunk head erect beginning shoulder level twelve pairs ribs attached spine ribs meet front body breastbone ribs breastbone form chest cavity heart lungs lie muscles attached ribs raise lower ribs breathing bones arm consist single bone shoulder elbow bones elbow wrist wrist bones palm bones bones finger thumb
animals seek capture food supplies energy activities animals specialized organs teeth beaks claws tentacles assist food getting animal gotten eaten food special organs body digest food process digestion prepares food body cells animal process food changed natural complex form simpler compounds cells digestive process animals shape size organs digestion differ according diet size animal digestive systems frog animals similar deal digestive system digestive system illustrated fig consists main divisions alimentary canal digestive glands alimentary canal tube food passes digestive glands organs secrete juices consisting water enzymes compounds juice takes part changing food tubes ducts connect digestive glands food tube food tube consists mouth throat gullet stomach small intestine large intestine digestive glands salivary glands gastric glands pancreas liver intestinal glands food enters food tube mouth teeth tongue aided juice salivary glands begin digestive process
parts body aid excretion lungs liver urinary system skin seen digested nutrients oxidized tissue cells energy released carbon dioxide water formed wastes wastes diffuse cells lymph blood eventually wastes carried blood air sacs lungs air sacs carbon dioxide water excreted gases amino acids end product digestion protein ordinarily cells body building repairing tissue excess amino acids cells stored body destroyed blood bearing amino acids passes liver cells liver break excess amino acids urea urea dissolves blood plasma carried kidneys urea excreted urine cells liver remove worn red blood cells blood blood cells broken part bile liver secretes seen bile aids digestion breaking large particles fat small droplets bile job body considered secretion waste eventually bile flows large intestine undigested matter excretion wastes takes place system consists kidneys ureters urinary bladder urethra
irritability sensitivity property living thing enables detect react surroundings place body called stimuli reactions called responses organism affected stimuli stimuli harm organism beneficial stimuli start body called external stimuli important external stimuli light heat water presence organisms stimuli start inside body called internal stimuli important internal stimuli presence food stomach accumulation carbon dioxide blood secretions glands organism adjust harm detect react organisms paramecium detect swim strong acids paramecium nervous system react manner favors continued existence organisms human special systems enable body adjust nervous system endocrine system system ductless glands nervous system sensitive external internal stimuli controls responses body types stimuli stimulus pain burn stomachache leads person react ways protect body injury endocrine system responds internal stimuli
plants simple organisms lack nervous system detect stimuli respond responses organisms automatic beneficial apparent control system exists control system plants depends chemicals called hormones produced cells hormones top stem plant hormones control activities production flowers dropping leaves humans activities controlled hormones hormones nervous system seen chapter passage nerve impulse requires presence hormones gland liver secretes juice tube leading organ called duct gland addition type gland body numerous glands tubes fig glands called ductless endocrine glands major ductless glands shown fig glands composed cells produce special hormone hormone diffuses ductless gland directly blood transports hormone body hormone acts parts body distance ductless gland secretes reason hormones called chemical messengers hormones help control coordinate activities inside body hormones exert control speeding slowing activities organs
worms live fresh water salt water live land body worms tubelike form unlike surface roundworms smooth surface worms divided sections rings organ systems complex food tube extends mouth anus specialized regions openings complete circulatory system present arteries capillaries veins nervous system composed solid mass nerve tissue head region brain solid nerve cord runs lower side body sectioned worms reproduce fission capable mating examples sectioned worms leeches earthworms earthworm familiar worms earthworm fig lives moist soil worm burrows soil eating organic matter soil passes food tube organic matter digested absorbed remaining material discharged anus circulatory system earthworm consists major blood vessels artery runs food tube vein lies food tube inch front end worm blood vessels joined ten muscular blood vessels hearts hearts arranged pairs continually pump blood body branches artery join vein capillaries
characteristics distinguish plant kingdom animal kingdom plants lacking organs locomotion stationary organisms animals possessing legs wings organs locomotion move place place outermost part plant cells cell wall cellulose fairly stiff dead structure outermost part animal cells cell membrane flexible live structure kinds plants possess plants food simple inorganic compounds carbon dioxide water process photosynthesis kinds plants lack unable food plants food living parasites saprophytes symbionts animals lack unable food animals food eating plants animals animals parasites food animals consists complex organic compounds originally plants plants phylum simple structure lack roots stems leaves consist algae fungi algae live water moist places algae exist microscopic single cells colonies sizes colonies vary shape small clusters cells large flat sheets cells algae manufacture food examples algae spirogyra chlorella pleurococcus fig spirogyra found colony chlorella cells live separately pleurococcus cells stick colonies cells
disease caused presence absence nonliving agent diseases caused abnormal heredity diseases contagious important types diseases include allergies cancer circulatory diseases deficiency diseases hereditary diseases allergy harmful body reaction substance protein reaction itching swelling burning sensation tendency allergic hereditary arise emotional conditions substances responsible allergies differ substances pollen dust eggs polluted air drugs hay fever hives examples allergic reactions allergy tests help determine substances person body reacts abnormally known reactions prevented avoiding contact offending substance building body resistance substance resistance built means repeated injections offending substance ordinarily division growth cells body controlled body control lost cancer develop cancer abnormal growth malignant tumor result rapid uncontrolled division cells factor cancer exposed strong radiation ultraviolet light rays atomic radiation factor contact chemicals tars kinds smoke
forms exist earth knows form moon mars venus universe exist knowing similar earth elements conditions gravitation temperature pressure radiation organisms strange developed distant planet form exist stage development reached national aeronautics space administration nasa agency united states government concerned exploration universe addition solving problems keeping alive space bodies earth nasa making preparations explore bodies moon mars presence kind living thing special equipment impossible earthly organism exist space space environment surface earth major requirements create problems human survival space oxygen adequate air pressure food water removal body wastes adequate blood circulation protection excessive radiation adequate environmental temperature adjustment weightless condition earth surface atmosphere oxygen pressure atmosphere pounds square inch
reach moon try live faces obstacles moon smaller earth moon gravitational pull sixth earth moon learn adjust condition lower gravity amount energy step earth person walking moon bound ahead feet able live moon extended period need construct sort completely enclosed shelter moon atmosphere support human plant inside shelter establish pressurized artificial atmosphere closed environmental system larger size enclosed system operate spaceship manner provide food oxygen owing absence heat absorbing atmosphere sun heats lighted part moon temperature hand temperature darkened part moon falls low air conditioning system help maintain temperatures favorable attempts land heavenly body expected unmanned rockets bearing instruments landed moon instruments able detect radio information earth
plants call cherry tree call pondweed call buttercup call cabbage plants kind plant say plant plant mean don plant find picture shows parts bean plant look leaves look bean pod flower part plant important plant roots plants ground roots grow straight deep carrot plant root roots spread grass roots spread roots grow roots big trees grow deep spread roots hold plant soil plant falling blowing roots soil blowing washing net holds soil roots air spaces soil rain water soaks spaces plants need water minerals soil roots water minerals plant try pull weeds plants soil easily roots break pull uproot plant soil plant growing sticks roots
stems grow ground stems hold leaves branches plant hold leaves light falls leaf stems don look alike kinds tree trunks big stems dandelion stems hollow pea plant stems curve twist stems grow ground strawberry plants grow stems ground white potato plant underground stem potato eat plant stem stems woody woody stems hard thick trees bushes woody stems woody plants live grow look woody stems woods park stems soft soft stems green flowers vegetables soft green stems plants soft stems die part plant stays alive underground grow lily plant plant grows soft stemmed plants start plants grow seeds plant beans potatoes tomatoes stems store food plant celery white potatoes store food liquids move plant stem water part plant roots water minerals soil stem carries part plant branches plant part stem
plants animals need food live grow leaves food plant needs green plants food animals green animals grasshoppers food inside food inside food need eat beans potatoes apples grapes eating food plant eat hamburger lamb chop eating part animal animal sheep ate food plant touch kinds leaves find leaves don feel soft sharp slippery fuzzy look leaves alike leaves eat leaves eat tastes spinach lettuce turnip greens taste eat vegetable leaves rabbits cows eat grass caterpillars eat tree leaves leaves smells smell mint leaf onion smell geranium leaf crab grass pine needles leaves pine tree leaves strong nice smell plants flowers think flowers think colors roses red pink yellow white petals marigolds orange yellow petals morning glories blue pink clover purple tree flowers green flower colors think flowers look
animal behavior helps escape danger maybe runs maybe hides maybe fights animal behavior helps find helps touch animals behavior helps animal find mate animals young animal behavior helps care animals born knowing single thing behave instinct insects behavior set beginning responses built animals instincts begin eat hungry drink thirsty try escape danger fight protect homes mate young animals protect eggs care young able care animals watched things animals behave instinct animals begin learn soon begin living remember happens animal memory learn insects learn fish learn things birds learn mammals learners dogs cats mammals horses gerbils mammals learn soon begin living animal learns behaves
pebble beetle rounded shapes find pebbles beetles ground beetle legs moves beetle eats beetle moves eats alive living things active things think living thing hold nose happens need air breathe nose mouth living things need air pretend playing friend throws ball straight catch blink eyes run living things react react movement heat cold things look size living things grow think parents grandparents parents grandparents living things living things say living things reproduce things living things tell alive look picture pages separate living things alive think things room home wrote thing list helps put things groups shorten list groups write toys books clothes list
plants seeds oldest kinds plants earth moss tiny plant feels velvet moss seeds tiny moss plants grow close grow close reproduce tiny seedlike things travel moss ferns plants seeds ferns leaves look feathers fall bumps form beneath fern leaves bumps hold spores fern plants grow spores molds mushrooms grow spores seed plants important plants grow seeds scientists classify seed plants groups seeds part parts peas beans apples roses examples plants part seeds lilies tulips onions corn examples plants part seeds flowering plants seeds roses daisies dandelions seeds wildflowers weeds grow seeds queen anne lace ragweed milkweed grow seeds seed plants produce fruits eat fruit eat container plant makes seeds stone inside cherry seed pits inside pumpkin seeds fruits eat grasses seeds part kinds grasses grass seeds important foods animals oats wheat rice rye grass seeds trees grow seeds trees kinds seeds
try imagine animals earth place belong group animals skeletons jointed legs crawl ocean floors swim walk land home air think animals fit description lobsters crabs shrimps insects kinds insects kind animal thousand kinds beetles beetles major groups insects remember think butterflies dragonflies ants bees wasps grasshoppers insects feel center hand feel line small bones belong large group animals backbones animals backbones live water land air fish backbones fish earth dinosaurs fish oxygen need water water flows mouths flows gills bodies gills oxygen water fish sizes shapes tunas guppies minnows sharks animals backbones fun study animals live land water called amphibians animals start looking fish end legs frogs amphibians legs swim
objects sky things call aircraft airplanes gliders balloons aircraft airplanes look night red green white lights mark airplanes airplane look star space satellites circle earth space rockets night reflect sunlight tiny light moving sky spacecraft wind speed air temperature measured weather balloons balloons lights balloon reflect light earth sun balloon flying low look strange moon think things seen sky strange things sky called flying saucers called ufos letters ufo stand unidentified flying object means don object sky sky ufo think ufos spaceships strange place ufo airplane weather balloon satellite dark night light light play tricks eyes seen tricks unit look sky
put animals kind terrarium look alike tell animals look alike tell spot bright colored waterproof marker able tell put animals terrarium don crowd animals live animals fight animals fight food place stay animals defend spaces need living animal living space called territory defend small territory nest defend larger territory place look food put frog terrarium frog hop terrarium stake claim special place spend look frog look frog settled territory add frog add toad think happen frog toad bigger smaller plenty room terrarium maybe big won bother crowded space watch happens going frogs toads won room need territory
animals live trees tree animals american chameleon lives tree put chameleons terrarium live male female females live size larger larger chase smaller eat chameleons males fight tell male chameleon extra loose flap pink skin throat animals live woodland soil animals live soil earthworms live soil sow bugs soil animals put soil animals terrarium salamanders rocks leaves turtle pond frogs toads territory chameleons maybe tree frog soil animals animals living space terrarium frightened loud noise jump loud noise stimulus stimulus makes animal behave smell food stimulus smell food behave behave called response jump hear loud noise response responded stimulus noise
animals need oxygen stay alive oxygen gas air mammals lungs oxygen air lungs shaped sacs lungs enclosed ribs mammals live sea water breathe breathe air oxygen water fish fish gills whales otters sea mammals gills lungs sea mammals drown breathe air animal heart pumps blood part body mammal healthy temperature blood stays hot place cold place mammal blood warm polar bears adapted cold thick coats hair seals adapted cold layers fat gerbils live hot dry desert adapted desert don need water mammals adapted ways food food eat beaver big front teeth gnawing trees anteater nose tongue eating ants giraffe adapted food eats mammals walk run hop jump climb burrow swing fly mammal moves lives special limbs bones muscles shaped
mammals climb trees hands feet grasping things monkeys apes finger toe sticks angle fingers toes angled finger toe helps animal grasp branches objects monkeys tail monkeys squirrel monkey monkey tails wrap branches help animal climb trees monkeys tails wrap branches thick patches skin rest sitting baboon apes look monkeys apes don tail arms longer legs apes walk hind legs limbs gibbons orangutans reddish colored apes live islands borneo sumatra gorillas apes live forests western africa gorillas grow large size weigh kilograms pounds chimpanzees apes called chimps short chimps look small gorillas shorter arms rounded head horses mammals zebras feet animals end large hoof hoof animal rhinoceros mammals hoof parted pigs cows camels reindeer giraffes
mammals pouches young mammals grow develop mother pouch kangaroo koala animals marsupials babies born alive babies tiny bigger bee babies born crawl pouch pouch babies drink milk mother babies pouch mammals don mammal traits mammals give birth live young platypus spiny anteater lay eggs platypus spiny anteater mammals traits mammals hair bones limbs warm blood mothers milk young farmer animal sick farmer calls veterinarian sick pet thing veterinarian vet vets help heal sick hurt animals try prevent animals getting sick dog cat regular shots shots help prevent illnesses vets specialize small large animals animals large animals horses taking care horses interesting stomach aches
ways move objects throw ball horse pull wagon wind move sailboat think ways move things stop moving object player catch ball horse stop pulling wagon wind calm think ways stop moving things objects don start moving needed started called force objects moving stopped force force push pull motion object force start thing moving force stop moving thing force needed pull wagon turn wheels bicycle force needed stop car catch ball force starts object moving object move straight line moving objects change direction takes force force needed change direction moving object leaves blow direction wind shifts directon moving ball changed hits bat change direction toy car change direction rowboat object moving happens change speed change speed bike pedaling faster slower
drop ball don think direction fall fall downward force pulls call earth force earth force gravity earth gravity pulls center earth call direction earth gravity pulls things earth surface earth air earth things air things fall saying center earth earth center center coast hill bike gravity pulls start hill move gravity ride bike hill need overcome force gravity rocket engine pushes spacecraft gravity pulls spacecraft force rocket engine greater force gravity rocket goes comes force push force pull forces pushing pulling object equal happens object won start moving hold book amount muscle force hold amount gravity force pulling book move
magnet magnets shapes sizes circles bars horseshoes shaped magnets iron magnets thing common put force force called magnetic force magnetic force pull push magnets areas called magnetic poles poles ends magnet magnet force poles magnet pole pole earth magnet earth magnetic poles magnetic pole top earth called north magnetic pole pole bottom earth called south magnetic pole pole magnet pull pole magnet poles attract poles attract poles magnets push repel poles alike repel compass depends magnetic force show direction needle compass small magnet attracted earth magnetic poles compass earth magnetic force acts needle needle points earth north magnetic pole magnetic force goes space magnet called magnetic field magnetic field picture magnetic field mind think curved lines connect north south poles magnet
energy gasoline fuel oil traced sun ago earth covered seas small plants animals lived sea living things died sank bottom sea layers dead things covered mud earth crust changed sea floor pushed water flowed sea floor dry land millions passed dead plants animals changed changed oil pump oil earth refine oil fuels oil fuels stored energy energy dead plants animals plants animals energy sun lot oil coal burned electrical energy turn light stored sun energy energy sun energy stored oil coal took millions store sun store energy tree energy quickly stored energy wisely think water think liquid water solid gas ice steam water ice liquid water steam forms water
add heat solid melt liquid add heat evaporate gas add heat ice ice phase water add heat water phase steam add heat solid steel steel liquid melt gold silver heat makes things happen heat stay place heat moves heat sun moves space sun heat travels earth planets heat moves air gases heat moves water liquids heat moves earth solids moves heat moves direction moves hotter object hotter place cooler heat moves places high temperature places low temperature heat keeps moving object place higher temperature put dish hot food refrigerator food cold heat moves hot food cold refrigerator put dish ice cream table ice cream melts heat moves warm air cold ice cream feel chair sitting feel warmer begin person chair heat moves metals pot holders hot pads pick hot cooking pans
ways heat moves heat moves solids metal conduction heat moves liquids gases convection heat moves earth heat comes sun sun heat travel space space matter matter vacuum heat travels space radiation sun heat light radiation sun rays pass things air clear glass let sunlight pass things let sun rays pass think sky filled clouds sun reaches cloudy clouds reflect sun rays reflect means turn clouds turn sun rays things reflect sun rays snow shiny metal turn sun rays light colored buildings things sun rays sun rays absorbed soil absorbs sunlight hits rock sand absorb sun rays oceans absorbed heat rocks sand soil oceans heat air earth automobiles trucks depend heat energy power building autos large factories auto engine heat energy changed mechanical energy word mechanic comes mechanics repair things break fix engines parts autos trucks
soil layer stuff surface earth plants grow takes thousands inches soil soil begins rocks heat cold wind water ice slowly break rocks smaller smaller pieces chemicals rocks mix gases air water rocks crumble smaller bits simple kinds plants grow rocks help crumble soil crumbled rock things grow sand kind soil things grow sand soil living things kinds plants begin grow soil plants live grow die decay form humus humus part soil things alive soil animals live wastes decaying bodies animals add humus plants grow soil parts plants die flowers leaves fruit fall plants die fall ground soft green stems big stems trees die fall don part soil happen look piece dead wood termites beetles maggots dead wood food animals eat wood crumbles part soil
kinds communities frogs sunfish dragonflies turtles part pond community animals plants live beach community kind small dune grass grows kinds flowers grow sand fleas crabs clams sandpipers live communities fields deserts communities parks empty lots oak trees grow summers hot winters cool cold caterpillars eat oak leaves find oak trees orioles birds eat caterpillars find oak trees oak leaves food oak tree caterpillars eat oak leaves birds eat caterpillars think called food chain squirrels live oak trees eat acorns grow trees part food chain think animals eat squirrels food chains land water plants food animals eat plants animals eat animals eat plants decay dead animals plants chemicals soil water happens part environment things streets land air climate part living thing lives grows depends environment
habitat called home home single family house townhouse apartment trailer park word shelter describe habitats share habitat parents sisters brothers aunts uncles grandparents live home home place call corner room favorite things maybe books radio game bed room room habitat playing sleeping reading habitats need place play sleep special places cooking eating washing storing clothes vacation habitat camping things camp outdoors think things need camping need habitat animals live outdoors habitats differ campsite things home found campsite things camping fun studied habitats nature terrarium built model habitat real plants animals built terrarium plans habitat live planned
heat main thing metamorphic rock layers rock rocks bottom pressure depths earth temperature high heat pressure change grains sedimentary rock kinds grains kind rock formed rock formed mica schist metamorphic rock formed deep earth crust pressure enormous heat heat pressure metamorphic rock squeezed nearby rock metamorphic rock folded twisted millions later rocks lay top worn metamorphic rock looks rock shown igneous sedimentary rocks turned metamorphic rock metamorphic rock changed forces formed metamorphic rock earth history neat periods kind rock formed mentioned taking place places carpet soil wearing thin exposing rock beneath rock weathered bits pieces carried sea river stream coast country sedimentary rocks formed hawaiian islands magma wells surface
cell grows weight increases faster surface larger cell harder cell absorb material surface cell reaches size danger dying thing cell alive increased surface increased weight suppose cell divides cells weigh original cell weighed surfaces greater original surface activity dividing cells increase surface area cell division living things reproduce single celled organism grows reproduces grows reproduces originally single celled organism inside cells small part separated thin boundary part cell called cell nucleus cell cell nucleus chemicals control workings cell suppose celled organism cut tiny knife part nucleus part nucleus live grow reproduce part nucleus reproduce die cell divides naturally nucleus divides cell nuclei
complex organism cells special thing muscle cell contract force brain cell pass electrical charges cells specialized special job cell specialized divide grow specialized cells longer divide found brain born complete set brain cells don cells grow larger function number cells increase animal cells generally specialized plant cells grow plant stem grow horse horse leg complex living thing regenerate starfish replace lost arm lobster replace lost claw person replace lost finger order complex organism reproduce needs specialized cells called sex cells cells combine produce single cell cell able grow divide grow divide complex organism results organism matter complex starts single cell single organism produces cell takes organisms produce celled plants animals form organism combining cells cell comes organism cell combined cells develop celled organism
body lift heavy objects weigh kilograms pounds stood tiptoe muscle lower leg lift weight body muscle hard large strong muscle large called heard called calf muscle comes end halfway leg attached toughest largest tendons body tendon runs leg connected end heel feel tendon ankle upper end attached bone upper leg knee bulge grow hard try bend leg knee try bending makes pull muscles smaller front leg muscles pulling grow hard feel leg stand tighten letting knee bend shortens pulls upward foot bends upward ball foot toes standing tiptoe hard feel standing tiptoe friend stands tiptoe feel hard
breathing makes muscles running line ribs muscles contract force ribs lift outward makes space inside chest larger muscle called diaphragm breathing separates chest abdomen heart lungs stomach intestines attached ribs curves upward center diaphragm contracts flattens moves makes chest larger space inside chest larger walls lungs pulled outward ribs downward diaphragm space inside lungs larger air inside lungs spreads thinner space greater thin air push hard denser air dense air lungs pushes harder thin air inside means air pushes nose openings lungs breathe lungs full rib lifting muscles relax muscles pull ribs gravity helps weight body lying diaphragm relaxes curves upward makes space inside lungs smaller air lungs squeezed smaller space makes dense air body denser air goes crowded moves lungs air tubes body
thin membrane hollow sac tiny blood vessels tiny blood vessel called capillary thin walls oxygen dissolves film water lining sac dissolved oxygen drifts membrane sac passes capillary blood stream moving blood vessels tiny red discs called red blood corpuscles substance combines loosely oxygen red blood corpuscles carried body blood stream oxygen carry goes muscle cells parts body carbon dioxide respiration carried lungs blood carbon dioxide moves capillaries air sacs lungs carbon dioxide leaves lungs breathe let look happens breathe move air oxygen drawn inside body passes nose air tubes lungs oxygen enters tiny sacs lungs oxygen moves surface sacs blood blood oxygen picked red corpuscles carried body corpuscles hold oxygen loosely pass muscles oxygen passes blood muscles muscle cells oxygen combines substances food
maria mitchell twelve began learning skies maria attended small school island nantucket children learned simple sayings wonder watch closely sure maria learned sayings father teacher sure maria learned lessons reason fifteen finishing school watching closely maria set telescope roof parents home felt excitement discovery observed comet recorded king denmark set prize person discover comet telescope maria won prize american win later famous teacher astronomy spent sweeping skies discovered comets person japan native country enjoy looking comets young persons school age discovered comets mark whitaker texas high school student small telescope read persons maria mitchell mark ready spend months search wanted find comet comet named person saw june set telescope mark didn wait nights searching noticed dim light
say hold plant correct plant held kinds plants grow lying stems trees flowers shrubs plants hold plant picture small leafy bush tall branches twigs main stem healthy bush leaves spread sunlight air reach leaves food rest plant stems green plants hold leaves sunlight air plants woody stems plants soft green stems green stems leaves sunlight water carbon dioxide green stems green leaves sugar sugar plants food plants need water minerals water minerals ground roots roots water minerals flow stem leaves stem pipeline carries sugar leaves roots cactus plant grow desert able live desert stem store water soft fleshy stem storage stem stem dinner tonight eat white potatoes white potato storage stem grows underground
think tree grows wider grows taller find look slice main stem tree pretend small cell going journey center tree outward bark picked small dead branch broken notice center loosely packed cells shaped tiny balls young trees shrubs cells special job storing food woody plants middle tree cells dry crumble seen center tree cut blown storm center pith hollow wrapped center part stem part tree call wood woody cells called xylem tube shaped stacked end end top beginning roots xylem cells form pipelines main stem branches leaves cells carry water minerals roots leaves hold leaf light veins xylem cells form part vein xylem layer cells divide cells think layer thin wall separates xylem outer part stem
particles making salt cubes arranged crystals crystals shapes dissolve salt water break shapes saw remarkable particles shapes salt food millions ago sea covered land dried left salt salt turned rock call rock salt particles gas spaced darting instance air balloon keeps walls balloon stretched tight walls cave particles battering inside particles liquid packed tightly move liquids flow easily particles surface liquid bumped air happen hit particles deeper solids particles move solid firm remember flow water syrup flows think particles motionless held firmly place seen chunk dry ice caution don pick piece dry ice bare hands freeze hands fast feel burned dry ice solid carbon dioxide
crystals show particle model matter solutions crystals grow seen particles particles small normal ways scientists think gases particles matter things study study lakes worms air plants model works accounts substance undergo reason scientists think particle model matter sound smelled burning couldn figure smell fire materials burn particles break loose mix air move air reach nose particles burning candle mix air actually enjoy odor enjoy pleasant odor logs burning fireplace smelled fire home leave quickly call fire department burning house filled smoke gas particles harmful breathe fire room smoke gas move entire house fire happens night smell smoke small electric device detect smoke sleep device smoke detector smoke particles enter detector alarm sounds firefighters wish home smoke detector
herman visit aunt gert bus stop short walk house cold warm herman pulled deeper inside furry coat pulled big furry hat face looked bear exactly passing bear thought looked cousin julius bear bear grabbed herman arm ran cave look found edge woods shouted bear bears ran kissed herman hard wet cousin julius cousin julius shouted herman herman heard excited bear herman dinner ready mama bear called places cousin julius sit mama bear served soup bears lapped tongues herman ate politely spoon happened pocket vegetables served herman ate fork happened pocket bears amazed big brown bear stared herman smart learn trick bears clapped watching circus act poor herman wasn bear person sure
big brown bear looked sky announced winter mama big meal won eat spring bears ready sleep sleep months big brown bear months herman sleep night play sleeping winter bears mama bear bear answered herman winter likes winter bears yes winter sledding skating houses snow drink hot cocoa whipped cream snowmen friends giant tracks snow school silence big brown bear looked herman bear fact look closer don nose bear bears removed herman furry hat coat look bear stood herman shivering cold person papa bear roared laughter trick trick herman put furry hat coat bears visit spring yawned
lived floor apartment building lots stairs climb children liked apartment easy roof floor cathy george joey played roof children fourth floor moved moved cathy knocked door fourth floor apartment hoped children lived door opened crack shhh voice door closed cathy told mother happened maybe sick mother help care boys boys cathy played bean bag game jumped laughed shhh mrs minute door quiet play game roof lunch walk read stories wonder home tossed joey air joey shouted joy shhh mother matter asked dad dear mother downstairs mother works night sleep baby naps woman jumpy hmmm dad need lot quiet don sure cathy george dad loud voice
telling jennifer leave herbert leave herbert mother leave herbert brother leave herbert father herbert cat door big bushy tail jennifer liked wanted play herbert ran saw jennifer coming didn walk ran fast jennifer feel bad jennifer playing drum saw herbert sitting sidewalk jennifer happy dropped drum yelled herbert ran herbert turned ran mad leave herbert father jennifer passing herbert house saw sitting lawn ran yelling herbert herbert glad herbert didn waste jumped bushes house jennifer stopped jennifer saw herbert tail sticking bushes started run tail disappeared aw herbert jennifer felt terrible leave herbert brother jennifer tried catch herbert hid tree waited walk soon jennifer jumped grabbed herbert screamed jennifer barely gotten hold herbert jumped hands ran matters worse mother saw
main idea important idea story article main idea leave herbert title main idea telling jennifer leave herbert important thing story important jennifer wanted friends herbert story found cats don loud noises cats don jump found cats tuna fish eat important thing story things important important jennifer learned friends herbert important thing jennifer learned friends herbert main idea story agree big gray cat walked grade school los california liked children school school home children gave cat unusual named room spent room room school thin skinny cat feeding taking care children loved room took care soon beautiful healthy cat knew room slept night took cat naps schoolroom
friends begged foolish thing talking pass need prove brave stay night prove cook dinner tomorrow fail friends home warm houses snow air felt ice shivered walked street village grew colder colder snow deep walk sleepy knew freeze fell asleep stamped feet rubbed hands lights houses village stars dark night thought candle gleamed window candle barely warm friendly flame sign night watched candle minute night friends stay night fire asked stayed night fire thought give saw candle window helped stay awake heat cried friends
lincoln farnum liked pretend hard believe things happened mom listened lincoln told pop listened lincoln shook head lincoln stories lincoln sisters wouldn believe lincoln mom hospital baby coming days early pop railroad trip chicago sissy visiting aunt charlotte lincoln sister sara washington class charge lincoln sara asked mrs charge lincoln mom morning case needed mom waved taxi pulled called soon inside house telephone rang lincoln ran answer mrs couldn hear thought lincoln mom hello mrs farnum horse fell painting bathroom glasses broken tomorrow afternoon lincoln mom left hospital mrs hung matter lincoln thought understand anyway lincoln find sara horse fell mrs don lincoln sara tall tales shopping train washington leaves noon
lincoln waited waited station finally set bag floor tipped bundle bills fell lincoln looked inside bag full money zowie lincoln sat floor tried believe happened find policeman lincoln thought grabbed bag ran station officer roberts standing traffic jam corner policeman helped children cross street school lincoln held bag full money shouted listen yarns today lincoln officer roberts thought lincoln wish ask sara bossy knows lincoln looked clock station zowie sara train left bet find lincoln ran station looked big board train washington leaving minutes track big crowd stood train gate crowd closed lincoln swept train washington sara lincoln thought board lincoln jumped car ran train sara wasn suddenly train jerked began move late lincoln dropped seat felt crying
lincoln opened eyes morning washing train saw lincoln jump car lincoln bought hamburger breakfast felt ready find sara thought class going lincoln memorial maybe lincoln looked street wondered bus pulled corner lincoln memorial lincoln asked bus driver sure thing bus driver lincoln climbed bus found seat window sights washington mind lincoln memorial lincoln bus walked statue president lincoln looked face figure lincoln felt president waiting looked kind wise silently lincoln told happened president listen carefully say brave soldier lincoln farnum proud secret agent lincoln farnum union army stood attention saluted president walked wearing dark glasses spy thought lincoln secret agent lincoln farnum took aim threw bag secret papers air secret papers fell president feet
find things explorer explorers want things want explorers happy finding things didn exploring hard fun chapter book going help exploring lives lived york ago lived ago called indians columbus columbus thought landed india found called indians explorer want indians place learn things say indians place place called asia look map globe room find alaska close asia fifty miles water asia alaska called bering strait fifty mile wide strait pieces land indians stopped rest indians small boats walked reason think ago land bering strait bering strait feet deep bottom easily water ago days earth changing
north america europe weeks travels brought ninety miles names henry hudson holland samuel de champlain france deal took place lives indians york henry hudson sailed ship half moon york harbor sailed river groups algonkian indians canoes giant boat indians curious friendly brought gifts fur food return dutch sailors gave gifts exchange gifts started trade white indians indians received wonderful things knives fish hooks needles pots pans axes red learn things easier wanted brought furs white furs easy indians glad hunt white things receive return indians meeting samuel de champlain happy champlain north america st lawrence river friends huron indians lived part country champlain south st lawrence group hurons
pieces land owned indians lives oil spring reservation owned senecas reservation island left nowadays live live reservation mohawk reservation st regis reservation number living interesting number indians york getting larger past twenty wonder live indian reservation ways live live reservations houses seen town poor houses small neat frame houses colorful flower vegetable gardens log cabins lives longhouse longhouse iroquois reservation today religious ceremonies festivals place council meets decide important matters longhouse simple white building country school church building doors end door enter building women
thought peaceful trouble air reasons wars france cost england deal money needed pay war debts colonies rich england thought give mother country money needed indians helped england win wars happy white settlers moving lands wanted england england passed laws laws passed order money england indians discuss briefly laws proclamation announcement english government announced white settler allowed settle west appalachian mountains indians happy white angry fought hard french order able settle rich lands ohio valley feel kindly england law passed proclamation wanted trade indians license permit english government imagine fur traders liked law want government meddle business bought sold land unhappy proclamation planned buy indian land small price re sell settlers profit
cherry valley massacre important story iroquois indians story american revolution york wild savage agreed general washington indian raids frontier stopped result famous sullivan clinton campaign took place comes generals james clinton john sullivan led campaign main idea campaign crush iroquois completely hurt frontier settlement story frontier war sullivan campaign mapped page york atlas shows indian villages destroyed white villages attacked destroyed general clinton started mohawk marched south burning deserted indian villages general sullivan started pennsylvania marched soldiers north burned indian villages crops armies met marched westward northward country genesee met indians reached place called modern city battle indians white close battle indians disappeared forest american soldiers orders burn destroy belonged indian
settled problem line called pre line drawn south bay seneca lake pennsylvania border lands west line belong massachusetts york lands east line addition york political power western land words massachusetts sell land money bought land citizens york massachusetts received money sale land york received land settle tax legislature named group land commissioners power sell public lands central northern york public land land owned government busy divided land townships acres set lots schools rest land sold settlers land speculators large piece land area set special purpose military tract government set veterans revolutionary war took repay soldiers tract contained half million acres divided twenty townships miles square york revolutionary war veteran plot acres
outstanding artists musicians actors nation york group known art history hudson river school painted pictures beautiful hudson valley catskill mountains famous painters frederick church thomas cole william sidney mount painted wonderful pictures scenery group musicians york city formed philharmonic society york began giving concerts today call group york philharmonic symphony orchestra concerts week thrills millions listen radio television immigrants germany italy york city leader music country place holds today today theater capital country broadway york city actor playwright hopes someday seen known york city true civil war plays seen uncle tom cabin rip van winkle civil war poor york social security law days unemployment compensation job hard course family helped family help town tried starving town sold services poor farmer needed extra hands
hundred civil war economic york changed completely let look parts economic changed discuss agriculture industry labor transportation things york richest nation civil war half yorkers lived farms true today today twenty farm living farming today machines farmers started finding substitutes manpower young civil war horsepower manpower gasoline engine invented farmer discovered farm tractor horses farmer truck products market half civil war farmers started learning ways farming ways improved amount quality products agricultural college cornell university set later set agricultural schools delhi potsdam agricultural experiment station country set congress geneva york purpose station develop crops study ways growing crops
let think awhile things happened york civil war ended begin let think york million york immigrants seek irish germans canal railroads civil war immigrants america soon war america threw open doors europe pouring part immigrants northern europe germany sweden norway denmark england france greatest numbers germany ireland irish stayed york city germans upstate cities find homes changed large numbers kind immigrants america southern eastern europe poland italy russia greece hungary poor hope countries poor land america land opportunity hope plenty eat hard rich mills mines sew factories farm land enrich america
benjy brown dog ears short tail loved family mother father linda jimmy loved happy dog heard words tomorrow aunt sarah coming visit bringing aunt sarah parrot benjy family fussed gave attention benjy jealous minute aunt sarah show trick say bow wow sweetie bow wow bow wow squawked hey jimmy bark benjy benjy couldn stand backyard decided house awful parrot hear bow wow bow wow bow wow barked loud dogs neighborhood running soon backyard full barking dogs noise benjy ears hurt father door shouted quiet aunt sarah don bird problem spring linda dear mother put aunt sarah room peace quiet lunch benjy jealous suddenly idea family lunch sneaked house past dining room aunt sarah room
hour later phone rang jones pet store dog won home send children father linda jimmy pet store benjy staring parrot don jones keeps looking want parrot bet benjy wants jimmy linda jones let home ladder truck fire department ladder raised attic window fire fighter net climbed called grown ups watched eagerly noticed children benjy roof headed straight cage sat front cooed cooed love sight linda opened cage door flew lonely aunt sarah thought wonderful children friend benjy idea jimmy began talking dog clever real bird dog benjy stood wagging tail spring aunt sarah visit left bird sitter
general level health united states increased tremendously century indication average span increased born today interesting fact span expectancy statistics females generally live longer males today difference expectancy sexes widened according united states bureau census figures average span females united states males individual span influenced hereditary factors disease social economic circumstances psychological makeup physical activity general style influences obviously control individual fact health practices influence live chapters help develop practices talk growth baby think mainly physical growth size shape weight growth child involves inches pounds centimeters kilograms thinking metric growth involves mental abilities emotions relationships personal values kinds growth continue physical growth stops
law nature preservation survival help survive successfully animals built mechanisms called instincts instincts allow animals perform activities learn examples instinctive behavior flying spinning webs building bee hives fighting running threatened eating hungry seeking shelter animals learn modify behavior direct expression instincts humans born instincts humans learn control behavior greater degree animals leave infant stage actions purely instinctive instincts tending behave ways act called basic drives instincts basic drive strong urge feel show behavior emotions human feelings expressing basic drives babies born emotions emotions develop complex babies interact parents environment able feel primary emotions emotions love fear anger related basic drive preservation feelings variations combinations emotions word love shades meaning consider statements student love dancing
austrian psychiatrist sigmund freud developed theory internal conflict human mind freud divided mind parts conscious unconscious conscious mind part aware working unconscious hidden freud thought unconscious holds basic drives fears conflicts memories thoughts unknown conscious mind influence behavior freud believed forces human mind id ego superego id unconscious basic drives instincts trying expressed controlled seek gratification drives means ego knows kind behavior real makes decisions control actual behavior lets id express acceptable manner superego includes conscience sense wrong superego helps ego decisions making unconscious threats punishment promises reward basis guilt put simply id unconscious desire instinct ego realistic planning superego discipline force puts limits ego allowed internal conflicts occur mind ego tries satisfy demands id follow rules superego conflicts unconscious conflicts confused problems solve conscious level
alcohol need digested foods alcoholic beverage drunk alcohol absorbed directly bloodstream lining stomach small intestine amount absorption takes depends amount food stomach empty stomach minutes alcohol blood carried liver organs body effects alcohol liver later chapter alcohol circulates body gradually oxidized liver tissues sugar nutrients alcohol technically food oxidized furnishes energy body half ounce ml alcohol yields calories energy alcohol poor food supplies empty calories nutritive rate alcohol removed blood oxidation fairly constant ounce ml hour equivalent shot whiskey bottle beer person drinks alcohol faster rate drinks hour party amount alcohol person blood gradually increase mistake thinking coffee exercise sober person drink
drugs mainly connection disease prevent disease diagnose find treat drugs ease pain discomfort disease regulate functioning body organs examples follow vaccines examples drugs give person protection diseases polio measles whooping cough vaccines commonly young children smallpox vaccine successful preventing disease disease longer occurs drug diagnose disease barium sulfate soft tissues body stomach intestines show clearly rays patient drinks barium sulfate preparation rays barium makes stomach intestines visible defects organs detected insulin drug treat disease suffer diabetes mellitus insulin control disease antibiotics drugs treat infections drugs help body heal doctors give barbiturates patients need rest order recover drug ease pain aspirin aspirin ease headaches muscular pain doctors prescribe codeine morphine reduce sensation pain drugs belong group called analgesics drugs control body functions include hormones
unfortunately want drugs drug sellers sell order solve drug abuse problem try understand drugs main reasons united states drug oriented medicines freely war ii developed thousands drugs drugs cure illness ease pain started pills syrups drugs abused common drugs found home doctors prescribed reasons started regularly depressants stimulants examples drugs curious hear drugs news friends tried naturally curious experiment drugs dose heroin addictive dose lsd result psychosis cases drugs escape avoidance mechanism suffer anxiety everyday turn drugs face problems drugs forget drugs psychological support stimulants wake morning depressants sleep night habit sets soon face upper sleep
interested consider attractive figure physique proper health practices diet exercise produce result automatic benefit try find effortless reach goal respond mail order ads girdles belts special types underwear miracle creams guaranteed give figure want doctor advises aids avoided short cuts fitness artificial body supports person look slimmer actually weaken muscles involved pull support body muscles don job pull stomach exercise strengthen stomach muscles natural girdle look feel attractive body exercise important factors important carriage posture carriage means carry body walk run exercise improve carriage helps coordination balance watch mirror run walk look posture hold body posture means proper alignment body parts words head shoulders shoulders hips hips ankles posture means proper distribution body weight
ancient civilizations primitive societies believed diseases caused supernatural agents called demons evil spirits tried avoid demons disease wearing luck charms bought markets illness strike called witch doctors drive demons chants dances masks magic doctors ancient times drugs treatment disease helpful performed surgery medical treatment involved religious ceremonies magic hammurabi ruler babylonian empire mesopotamia issued code laws apply empire known code hammurabi included laws governing services physicians official attempt doctors responsible effects treatments protect ordinary fraud deception punishments malpractice severe ancient egyptians believed gods demons caused disease priests doctors worked treat diseases drugs drive demons sacrifices gods egyptians religious rites magic important part medical practice books testament discuss hebrew laws social order books bible set hebrew health code hebrews spoke cleanliness started practice separating sick order prevent spread disease
average person united states colds colds common disease respiratory system highly contagious caused number viruses young adults children ages susceptible cold viruses spread infected person coughs sneezes symptoms cold runny nose congestion nasal passages sore throat watery smarting eyes chills coughing headache fever malaise treat cold rest bed drink plenty fluids eat sensibly cure common cold cold remedies help relieve symptoms useless curing infection conclusive evidence large doses vitamin highly publicized effective preventing colds tired chilled exposed colds likely colds careful protect cold dangerous effects cold lower body resistance infections membranes nose throat weakened cold bacteria body result conditions sinusitis bronchitis middle ear infections mastoiditis laryngitis pneumonia treat cold lightly influenza contagious disease caused strains influenza virus cold spread infected person coughs sneezes comes contact
united states renewed interest china brought interest acupuncture practice acupuncture dates americans ancient chinese practice means curing diseases especially conventional medicine treat successfully american scientists doctors studying acupuncture teams doctors concerned health visiting china oriental countries observe acupuncture practice live demonstrations films acupuncture techniques helping inform method treatment medical committees investigating scientific legal aspects acupuncture america orient acupuncture anesthetic treatment specific health problems western doctors agree acupuncture form anesthesia doubt curing disease acupuncture prevent pain surgery sterilized needles inserted points head body original chinese method needles rapidly twirled hand operation patient feels soreness swelling numbness produced needles feel pain surgical procedures recent effect produced connecting needles source electric current twirling theories proposed account anesthetic effect acupuncture based understanding sensation pain result nerve impulses reaching centers consciousness cerebral cortex
understand misconceptions health products let look motivations goals health product advertisements ads attempt want feel need product respond successful ads buying product competition product manufacturers increases result advertising tries buyer attention advertising agencies developed sophisticated techniques want products experts design ads appeal conscious unconscious fears needs want accepted attractive popular fear disapproval loss security ads exploit human feelings common technique ads known actors athletes theory hero likes respond repetitive ads finally buy told buy surely seen read health beauty product advertisements suggest unrealistic promises examples think inhibitions shyness disappear rid fears insecurities beautiful popular gain power prestige masculine feminine look younger sexually attractive relieve pain annoying physical problem want cure quickly
past population united states nearly doubled reached unprecedented heights production consumption throwaway cans bottles paper plastic wrappings increased greatly result amount solid waste larger solid waste materials include things worn household appliances junked cars amount solid waste americans generate household commercial agricultural animal industrial mining activities estimated million tons air water pollution land pollution dangerous problem accumulation solid wastes poses hazards health environment solid wastes general litter provide place rats insects live breed rats insects carry diseases trash dumped ground ugly includes garbage smell bad wastes land living recreation wastes produced naturally living things biodegradable agents decay break simple substances living things food garbage biodegradable solid wastes produced industrial society non biodegradable decomposed natural processes discarded remain unchanged indefinitely past open dumping convenient waste disposal system burning conducted dumps contributes air pollution drainage aggravates water pollution
skin protective covering body performs essential functions health important health body condition skin major factor personal appearance rapid growth increased metabolism teen skin problems likely occur pimples skin blemishes common young adults source embarrassment discomfort solution skin problems looked cosmetic ads counter medications problems prevented controlled intelligent care skin physician consulted troublesome skin conditions persist skin divided main regions outer layer called epidermis deeper layer called dermis outermost layer epidermis dead cells called cuticle horny layer cells continually worn washed lower layer cells epidermis pigment cells pigment cells chemical called melanin reacts ultraviolet rays darken skin tanning light skinned fewer active pigment cells born hereditary condition deficient ability produce melanin snow white hair milky skin pink eyes condition called albinism person called albino condition occurs mammals white rabbit albino
nervous system primarily concerned receiving sending messages coordination body activities causing body perform organized unit works close cooperation endocrine glands regulating body activities nervous system ability receive stimuli direct transmit impulses body stimulus produces impulses nervous system impulse signal carried point nervous system response change resulting stimulus basic unit structure performance nervous system neuron nerve cell sensory afferent neurons receive stimuli transmit impulses spinal cord brain sensory neurons found sense organs receptors neurons found spinal cord brain serve bridges transmit impulses nerve pathways motor efferent neurons transmit impulses muscles glands effectors produce responses initial stimuli impulse transmitted neuron cross gap space called synapse nerve bundle nerve cell neuron fibers consist sensory neuron fibers sensory nerve motor neuron fibers motor nerve combination fibers sensory motor neurons mixed nerve brain large mass nerve tissue encased cranium top skull cerebrum largest part brain outer surface nerve cell bodies grayish color called cortex gray matter
physically disabled accidents disease emotionally disturbed helped variety therapy rehabilitation workers workers help restore patients fullest level activity help build confidence coordination occupational therapists plan direct treatment designed help mentally physically disabled ages sufficient occupational therapists evaluate capacities skills clients set goals plan therapy program client members health care team activities occupational therapists purposeful selected variety functional vocational avocational areas include living skill activities feeding dressing bathing craft activities woodworking pottery group activities activities specifically selected meet treatment goals increasing muscle strength physical tolerance increasing motor coordination increasing independence increasing stimulating expression occupational therapists wide variety treatment facilities provide services clients ages mentally physically disabled occupational therapists found hospitals rehabilitation centers nursing homes community based home health agencies community mental health centers developmental centers occupational therapists public schools help screen identify children physical emotional problems require specialized attention assist education process occupational therapist interest human behavior helping medicine physical emotional health adaptable creative skills teaching observing reporting teamwork
social scientist culture means group live culture kinds houses build tools act think early living americas developed cultures north america early developed major cultures early cultures middle south america lives early americans cultures developed greatly affected environment geographic setting lived south ice sheet kinds weather plant animal groups moved south changed ways living culture suit environment early moved americas develop cultures arctic subarctic regions located arctic circle regions land free ice generally flat broken gently rolling hills climate kind weather cool cold vegetation plant grass small scattered trees food easy northerly region growing season short agriculture farming lived hunting caribou native north american reindeer moose elk animals skins animals clothing known took arctic subarctic cultures spread northern north america
permanent french colony planted north america leadership samuel de champlain tries champlain established colony quebec french government gave champlain help twenty population settlement fifty difficult champlain lost courage looked settlement set trading posts explored region trip took lake huron trip champlain reached point albany york samuel de champlain died tiny colony survived france grew slowly major settlements st lawrence river quebec montreal rivers rest scattered banks st lawrence french population canada french eager settle north america feared cold winters indians france french explorers began move mississippi river missionary jacques marquette traveled louis joliet mississippi rene de la mississippi gulf mexico later la tried plant colony valley lower mississippi sailed france gulf mexico landing mistake coast texas days searching mouth mississippi la set north killed
massachusetts weakened form government puritan leaders room colony ideas result colonists forced leave massachusetts puritan minister thomas hooker left colony disagreed leaders took settled connecticut river valley later colonists moved massachusetts hooker settlement disagreed puritan leaders roger williams believed church government separated williams brought trial decided leave massachusetts england williams escaped wilderness middle joined colonists unhappy massachusetts puritan leaders stopped trouble soon anne hutchinson causing problems holding meetings home tell ideas religion anne hutchinson talked religion based love popular boston government leaders afraid anne hutchinson began fight twenty ministers public statement denying truth religious teachings trial held general court anne hutchinson found guilty treason act aimed overthrow government ordered massachusetts supporters severely punished anne hutchinson asked leave massachusetts
usage customs forceful laws president cabinet provided constitution george washington presidency cabinet important operation government according custom cabinet president makes presidents consulted cabinet turn president andrew jackson stopped cabinet meetings entirely custom decides cabinet meetings held president decides subjects wants advice subjects discussed records meetings seldom votes rarely inaugural address government constitution changed custom inaugural address speech president takes oath office constitution says president give congress information union mention inaugural address constitution george washington elected presidents speech inauguration american expect inaugural address constitution states bills levying taxes begin house representatives custom orders spending bills start house practice called constitution constitution congress carry duties congress developed ways
shortly left office president john adams chose john marshall chief justice supreme court marshall served chief justice thirty leadership court established interpret constitution court gained power say constitution means marshall court broad interpretations constitution number important cases court ruled federal government stronger states marshall important decisions handed case marbury madison decision established principle judicial review means supreme court decide law passed congress constitutional decision marshall extended principle judicial review cover laws passed legislatures marshall overruled court decision gave supreme court power reverse rulings courts historians credit john marshall helping build nationalism decisions set principle judicial review supreme court entire federal government stronger marshall court gave meaning constitution truly supreme law land john marshall contribute growth nationalism americans bought manufactured goods england english goods war factories built england meet american demand manufactured goods
southwest part southern section united states northwest section unlike northeast northwest big manufacturing section northwest plantation economy south northwest agricultural section nation northwest simply called west section family farmers western farms acres size western farms produced amounts corn wheat cattle sheep hogs raised commodities growing markets industrial northeast expanding markets england european countries western states slowly influence felt politics farmers wanted government protect economic interests section thing wanted cheaper land law buy sized farm western congressmen worked transportation read national government spent money internal improvements ways west showed important section country main economic activity west government source help western economy industrial revolution help farmer john deere steel plow strong cut tough grass western prairie
president lincoln greatly expanded powers presidency civil war called army days fall fort sumter ordered blockade southern ports importantly places suspended habeas corpus constitutional privilege prevents person jailed hearing court question constitutionality lincoln wanted deal swiftly blocking army enlistments encouraging deserters congress backed lincoln lincoln things power commander chief army navy united states believed acts union win war important things lincoln issue emancipation proclamation issued document january major step ending slavery united states emancipation proclamation clear main problems reconstruction freedmen slaves freedmen need help major problem reconstruction involved political constitutional question confederate states brought union president lincoln answer question constitutional power president lincoln issue emancipation proclamation lincoln acts commander chief civil war strong president planned executive power solve reconstruction problems
mining important west california gold rush growth mining frontier pattern miners discovered deposits gold silver copper tools machines needed large scale mining mining companies formed companies money buy tools machines hire miners finally large companies control mining frontier companies owned mines gave miners search ore miners moved place place towns grew quickly mine ore mined miners moved miners left deserted towns ghost towns caused growth large cities denver colorado miners caused move west businessmen supply miners needed goods service mines local governments built roads railroad companies pushed tracks farther west ore mines helped economic growth west nation equal importance contribution miners opening settling frontier miners able carry large scale mining western cattle industry began texas civil war close war demand beef true fast growing cities found cattle raised cheaply texas sold high prices north east
high level political corruption end president grant left office frauds involving large sums money discovered post office department frauds found bureau pensions civil war government pensions monthly payments money disabled union soldiers found workers bureau money wounded corruption took place local levels government dishonesty government widespread political machines politician wrote political party machine machine run boss bosses powerful bosses gained power ways bribed government workers forced officeholders give part salary machine election bosses hired gangs voted times machines found cities states machines ran legislature happened large vote boss tell national politicians bosses try hold office office control bosses political machines gain power party groups fought corruption mugwumps took indian word meaning captain reformers gop unlike party members mugwumps supported candidates issues
president health worked hours war versailles tired sick began cross country speaking trip twenty days traveled miles railroad nearly forty speeches stop large crowd supported president wilson grew weaker trip ended white house suffered stroke weeks close death weeks care official business senator lodge foreign relations committee reported treaty versailles committee asked nearly fifty amendments reservations lodge knew votes wanted wilson recovered told democrats senate accept treaty reservations wilson ready treaty rejected accept reservations decision compromise meant treaty received thirds majority needed ratification senate wilson treaty senate isolation ended twenty ago question ceasing power question refuse moral leadership offered accept reject confidence united states refuse leader
anger held radical ideas palmer raids number bombings help matters innocent killed americans believed radicals bombing feeling radicals reached height sacco vanzetti case sacco vanzetti italian immigrants arrested murder took place robbery massachusetts known hold radical views brought trial found guilty sentenced death trial drew worldwide attention evidence strong believed sacco vanzetti found guilty largely political views thought guilty agreed fair trial appeals trial asked sacco vanzetti pardoned set free executed conflict ideas politics foreign born country attention turned trial took place dayton tennessee john scopes trial breaking law teach theory evolution public schools scientific theory held human beings evolved developed lower forms idea conflict biblical account human beginnings saw trial test freedom thought
important change took place suffrage movement change largely result harriet stanton daughter elizabeth cady stanton harriet lived england returned united states england watched progress woman suffrage movement country english women militant fight vote political meetings demanded candidate views woman suffrage held large outdoor meetings parades women turned violence arrested york harriet set women political union group copied militant ways english suffrage forces group nearly members similar groups set states suffrage groups took case directly politicians held large meetings put pressure legislatures pass suffrage laws held large parades women marched parades methods brought suffrage movement members reporter wrote suffrage parade york city women avenue polished windows limousines touring cars strode steadily side side pale faced thin girls sweltering sweat shops east side
black civil rights revolution begin hard pinpoint exact place observers believe began december montgomery alabama december mrs rosa parks black arrested montgomery refusing move rear segregated city bus word mrs parks arrest soon spread blacks angry led black pastor dr martin luther king jr began boycott montgomery bus lines blacks asked ride city buses percent city bus lines lost money bus boycott days help naacp montgomery bus segregation law tested court finally november united states supreme court ruled segregation local transportation unconstitutional december montgomery bus boycott brought stop keeping court ruling montgomery ended segregation transportation lines results montgomery bus boycott struck blow system jim crow local transportation gave civil rights national leader person martin luther king led dr king found civil rights group southern christian leadership conference fourth proved effectiveness non violent direct action protests boycotts helped speed congressional action civil rights act
early tiny town wounded knee south dakota seized small band american indians seventy days indians held town finally agreement federal officials indians surrendered area indians protesting past present wrongs american indian protest drew nationwide attention groups american society suffered original americans american indians beginning colonial times white settlers drove lands pushed westward civil war herded reservations times government tried crush indian ways customs page whites left trail broken promises dealings america indian population indians living united states number reduced today american indians united states half live reservations moved cities chicago los suffering indians remains reservation lands poor farmed indian unemployment high generally percent percent indian population lives poverty line indians face major hardships areas housing education health care indians fare city reservation city likely held language barriers lack job training discrimination
grow change look mirror look taller today weigh changed need food grow change grown ups need food food energy energy play food eat body takes energy food body energy ways energy build bones teeth energy sick energy warm parts body need energy body food eat body takes needs body needs nutrients nutrients starches sugars fats proteins minerals vitamins nutrients found foods eat foods nutrients foods give nutrients need eat today nutrients body needs eating foods eat foods eat foods body nutrients needs meal nutrients body needs eat sick food helps healthy skip meals eat nutrients body needs meals balanced
plants grow seeds need sunlight grow plants food plants called molds molds need sun tiny plants grow dark grow seeds ferns mosses molds grow spores molds food live molds grow clothing wood live things eat tomatoes bread oranges grow dead animals plants kinds molds spores found molds grow buildings grow fields forests grow dark damp bonnie wanted grow molds put piece bread jar bonnie knew molds grow water wet bread drops water left jar open twenty minutes covered days later molds grown bread bonnie looked hand lens eat moldy food molds change flavor foods spoil shape eat moldy foods sick want mold food cheese molds mold growing blue cheese cheese molds safe eat
earthworms live soil maybe seen heavy rain crawl sidewalks rocks air earthworms found places philippine islands blue earthworms earthworms reddish brown purple pink tan centimeters inch grow larger ends earthworm look alike earthworm head tail earthworm animal blood hearts picture earthworm divided parts parts called segments segment bristles bristles help earthworm move earthworm crawls stretching closing makes change length moves forward earthworm moves takes soil body nutrients soil digested rest left earthworms live underground ground dark night cloudy weather heavy rains food eat soil dead plant materials winter earthworms burrow deep curl burrows stay ground warm dry weather burrow soil warm damp heavy rains earthworms drown birds eat turtles animals fishing earthworms bait
think solid earth walk solid earth rock hard think change shape earth keeps changing slowly rock keeps changing rock rocks layers ago things shells sand fell ocean floor formed layers layers called sediments sediments piled top pressed underneath passed sediments hard formed rock sedimentary rocks pushed ocean rocks dry land grand canyon sedimentary rock water earth hard rock deep surface earth hot rocks melt hot melted rock called lava thrown air mountain called volcano lava comes volcano cools hardens rock limestone skeletons shells tiny animals lived ocean animals died periods skeletons shells squeezed limestone rocks water seen limestone caves water minerals water minerals dissolve limestone water evaporates minerals stay formed
look window light tonight dark makes dark makes light marie early morning looked window dark saw sun rise rose east sun move higher sky middle sun moved higher sun marie head twelve clock noon brighter air warmer clock sun move lower sky bright air cooler finally marie sun sun set set west night sun risen moved overhead set thousands believed sun moved earth began learn real reason night learned earth keeps turning sun move earth easy confused feel earth moving sun look moves sky marie wanted makes night waited light room turned flashlight orange model earth believe flashlight sun
ago earth moved polish astronomer began study movements earth copernicus later italian scientist invented telescope scientist galileo copernicus galileo told things earth today scientists learning things earth sun light heat sun plants animals live crops grow animals die food eat sun keeps warm warms soil animals hunt food rest night animals rest hunt food night animals move night called nocturnal owl nocturnal bird sun tell seasons plant food crops crops planted spring gathered fall store foods winter eat round astronomers study sun sky study sky night study planets earth planet planets planets travel sun astronomers study stars things astronomers study earth astronomers look telescopes look stars planets telescope telescope makes things look nearer
room dark turn lights turn lights lights want kinds light called sparks sparks pictures show ways sparks sparks friction friction rubbing thing light match person rubs match rough rubbing friction friction makes spark spark lights match light match fire matches fire friction rubbed pieces wood heat fire sparks rubbing metal stone metal iron stone flint iron flint rubbed sparks sparks fall dry wood fire start stay warm fire animals friction makes sparks metal rubs metal railroad trains metal wheels wheels move metal tracks wheels rub tracks friction friction makes metal hot sparks seen train night sparks sparks factory metal machines friction rubs tiny piece metal makes hot bright sparks tiny bits hot metal stone
hold pencil desk shadow desk shadow shape pencil shadows page circle triangle makes shadow circle makes shadow triangle shadows picture object shadows ball block cone cup decide shadow string beads beads beads shadows round shadow marble shadow circular big shadow side side big top bottom learned size circular shadows light bulb table shadows things things close light short shadows things farther longer shadows shadow farther light thing look picture shadow tell block closer bulb light bulb shadows piece clay hold pencil shadow length pencil picture pencils length shadows length
electric sparks happen happen don want electricity sparks electricity want light electricity light electricity electric circuit electric circuit circular path electricity flows path keeps flowing path path starts ends battery electric circuit need battery bulb wire battery electricity electricity electricity kind energy electrical energy kinds energy battery takes chemical energy electrical energy electricity leaves battery moves wire light bulb electricity leaves bulb goes wire wire takes electricity battery circuit complete complete circuit break electricity flows complete circuit picture shows complete electric circuit battery wear electricity need electricity machine makes electricity called generator generator mechanical energy electrical energy circuit electricity comes generator electricity moves wires light bulbs electric energy moves generator light home
streams rivers water clean pure muddy polluted water cleaned water strained mud solid things chemicals clean water chemicals chlorine chlorine kills germs sick water clean houses schools goes stores factories pipes drink water wash cook water travel water boats wars fought wanted river fought germany rhine river fought danube austria today rivers countries fought fish oceans problems fishing rights today wars fought land rivers river valleys soil tigris euphrates river valleys asia wars fought valleys population growing soon fresh water plenty ocean water salt salt water drinking irrigation trying salt ocean water found ways need ways health inspectors test water sure clean safe sure chemicals added
poured milk bowl dry cereal pour milk try milk poured milk pour absorbed soaked cereal sponges crackers absorb milk sponges crackers solids solids absorb liquids solid absorbs liquid liquid children holding pieces nylon net children took piece net large holes put water holes filled net pulled water dripped minutes net dry children took piece net small holes put water pulled surprised lot water stayed net children discovery material small holes hold water material large holes children put paper towel water pulled water dripped learned paper towel smallest holes absorbed materials absorb things cheesecloth small holes holes absorb dirt cheesecloth polish things cheesecloth wrap cheese holes absorb water cheese dry spoil materials absorb things materials
sugar salt baking soda carol wanted sugar cube weighed scale clean glass water weighed put sugar cube water disappeared carol weighed water found water heavier water weighed clean water sugar cube put carol knew sugar water sugar scales showed sugar disappeared water sugar dissolved water glass water salt dissolved tried salt poured salt water saucer left saucer overnight morning water left saucer water disappeared air evaporated white spots saucer touched white spots finger tasted finger tasted salty water evaporated salt left saucer knew things water water evaporates thing dissolved stays matter part water test salt water glass homogenous
think words help find left words pretend ceiling took picture classroom find seat picture map map picture place pictures tell tell travel sizes cities states countries maps show mountains valleys maps places moon pretend live missouri find missouri map look states missouri north arkansas east kansas missouri south iowa west illinois live states ocean country find map tell picture airplane top picture north find east west south look picture city find bridge park tell bridge park compass directions sure tell turn look picture part picture bigger shows farm find farm picture
pictures help find places maps maps drawings places earth city maps give street names give names buildings highway maps give names states cities towns parks lakes bridges rivers look maps draw map show home school show classmate classmate find house practice telling find places map maps letters numbers edges help re told town block look small space find city buildings numbered helps find buildings street numbered starting place odd numbered buildings side street numbered buildings numbered live cartographers maps photos airplanes photos satellite cartographers measure carefully draw big grid squares cartographers move part picture grid parts picture end squares grid write names places map cartographers important need maps find place follow map
beginning twentieth century branches physics mechanics electromagnetism developed independently strong relation laws mechanics electromagnetism verified extent physicists sure modifications improvements surprise early century physicists faced basic problems found newton law motion established objects moving low speeds give correct results applied objects moving high speeds speeds comparable speed light sec found observers relative motion set transformation equations transform laws mechanics electromagnetism frame reference observer frame reference observer difficulties overcome formulation special theory relativity einstein theory deals objects observers frames reference moving uniform velocities relative later einstein developed general theory relativity deals accelerated frames reference chapter devoted special theory relativity mention general theory relativity end according newton law law inertia system rest remain rest system uniform motion remain uniform motion net external force acts system systems law inertia holds called inertial systems
according newtonian mechanics assumed absolute scale applies inertial reference frames concept absolute leads concept absolute simultaneity classical mechanics say events simultaneous occur mention frame reference events considered simultaneous inertial systems reason true classical mechanics implied assumption information conveyed infinite speed relativity moves speed greater speed light case length thing absolute simultaneity events simultaneous observer inertial system necessarily simultaneous observer inertial system moving uniform velocity respect according einstein definition simultaneity follows events taking place frame reference points simultaneous light signals simultaneously emitted geometrical midpoint arrive einstein theory relativity simultaneity absolute meaning reason coordinates unequal depend space coordinates transformations events happening system simultaneous simultaneous according eq
dalton atomic hypothesis introduced elements combination numbers atoms days thought atom smallest indivisible unit matter atom smallest unit mass matter composed discrete individual particles say matter quantized property attributed electricity words electricity multiples smallest unit charge continuous answer charge matter quantized quantization matter charge called matter charge early interest electricity shown thales miletus undertaken william gilbert charles benjamin franklin investigated detailed properties led concept quantization charge english physicist michael faraday famous electrolysis established faraday laws electrolysis quantization charge thomson discovered electron measured charge mass ratio measured charge electron means oil drop method confirmed quantization charge conclusion experiments charge particle body integral multiple charge ne charge electron accepted established charge mass quantized
figure shows plots wave functions probability locating particle axis distribution function px pn note probability distributions expected classically according classical mechanics particle moving velocity spends traveling distance distribution inside constant course large expects quantum mechanical distribution approach classical distribution shown fig peaks close average quantum mechanical equal classical suppose particle energy moving potential finite depth vo shown fig problem involved principle solve writing particle regions ii iii boundary conditions ii ii ii iii ii iii resulting wave functions probability distributions shown fig discrete energy levels infinite case values shifted slightly lower levels wavelengths slightly larger fig compared infinite case wave functions probability distributions particles quantum states extend boundaries shown fig finite small probability finding particle situation unlike classical mechanics according vo particle exist negative kinetic energy
ernest rutherford suggested experimentally observed large angle scattering scattering alpha particles explained assume nuclear model atom positive charge mass atom confined small volume center atom called nucleus diameter nucleus later cm electrons surrounding nucleus distributed planets sun fill space account radius atom cm electrons tiny assume space atom surrounding nucleus empty beam particles incident thin foil collisions place individual particles heavy charged nuclei atoms gold foil mass particle smaller atomic nucleus heavy element explain large angle scattering scattering single collision force exists particle nucleus coulomb repulsive force path particle hyperbola nucleus focus shown fig dashed lines hyperbola angle angle initial final directions particle scattering angle distance particle missed nucleus repulsive force impact parameter shown fig distance rc closest distance particle comes nucleus called distance closest approach
chapters re going investigate arrangement electrons surrounding nucleus inside atom limit study simplest atoms hydrogen limit called quantum mechanical theories hydrogen atom developed introduction quantum wave mechanics help experimental tool studying atomic structure spectroscopy study atomic spectra concerned measurement wavelengths intensities electromagnetic radiation emitted absorbed atoms results experiments guidelines scientists constructed theories explain arrangement electrons atoms figure shows typical arrangement observing atomic spectra source form electric discharge passing monatomic gas electric arc spark heat salts material studying processes atoms put raised states total energy greater excited states normal ground atoms higher excited energy remain return normal transition higher lower atoms emit excess energy form electromagnetic radiation electromagnetic radiation passes system lenses slits falls prism diffraction grating prism radiation brings wavelengths focus points photographic plate
chapters discussed models hydrogen atom bohr model bohr model quantum mechanical model showed bohr model improvement bohr model applied atoms hydrogen failed actually quantum mechanical model developed model quantum mechanical model frequently predicts accurate answers concerning structure spectra electron atoms practical difficulties quantum mechanical model results interpreted terms probabilities help forming picture atom structure respect quantum mechanical model electrons assumed moving elliptical orbits modern quantum mechanical model making actual calculations occasional reference model interested obtaining visual picture note energy level determined quantum number models magnitude orbital angular momentum according model lh according quantum mechanical model schrodinger wave equation solved accurately hydrogen helium atoms electron atoms solved exactly involved mathematics methods approximate approximate methods enable predict general features atomic spectra talk atomic spectra electron atoms need understand arrangement electrons atoms
consider sodium atom consisting parts fig nucleus ten electrons states form inert core electrons contribute angular momentum optical electron sodium atom hydrogen atom optical electron significant difference shown fig sodium atom optical electron moves net field nucleus charge ze core electrons charge surrounding nucleus core electrons acts shield optical electron nucleus shielding case hydrogen atom shielding core electrons important effect removes makes energy levels dependent shifts energy levels let examine reasons sodium shells completely filled ten electrons eleventh electron ground sodium atom excited heat electrical discharge results transformation electron higher energy states rp according quantum mechanical analysis hydrogen atom states energy states energy case sodium illustrate states
study physical chemical properties elements realize elements similar properties occur regular intervals tabular arrangement elements called periodic table dmitri mendeleev russia lothar meyer germany suggested form periodic table known today elements arranged order increasing mass resulted minor discrepancies establishment moseley law elements mendeleev table rearranged order increasing atomic number shown table elements similar chemical physical properties form group groups viii shown vertical columns table group consists hydrogen alkali metals li na rb cs fr chemically active similarly group viii consists called rare gases ne ar xe rn valence means chemically inert naturally horizontal rows periodic table called periods properties elements period vary steadily element properties elements extremes periods left drastically group properties elements change appreciably atomic number period properties elements change rapidly atomic number box table atomic number top symbol element atomic weight element quantum states outermost electrons
insulators conductors semiconductors distinguished addition factors electrical conductivities insulators poor conductors electricity examples diamond quartz covalent ionic solids conductors conductors electricity examples silver metals conductivity semiconductors insulators conductors examples germanium ge silicon si let discuss formation types materials according band theory tight binding approximation theory assumes electron tightly bound nucleus assumption completely opposite zone theory results obtained convenient zone theory dealing metals band theory insulators semiconductors find energy levels electrons solids need energy levels individual atoms brought form solid imagine bringing hydrogen atoms form molecule levels atom combine form molecular levels differing energies case solids atoms situation complicated suppose bring sodium atoms electron resulting wave functions shown fig combination fig perfectly symmetric wave function energy fig perfectly wave function energy energies rest combined wave functions extremes depend close atoms brought result formation energy bands shown fig
explain existence contact potential follows suppose kinds crystals energy level suppose place crystals contact electrons crystal move difference fermi energies electrons material higher fermi energy find unoccupied energy states material lower fermi energy start fill states process continues fermi energy crystals transformation electrons makes crystal positive respect establishes potential difference contact potential concept contact potential called diffused potential discussing semiconductor devices semiconductor diode junction junction transistor suppose crystals semiconductor material germanium type type fig place crystals contact form junction holes flow left electrons left double flow continues producing positive layers negative layers left side junction equilibrium contact potential fig established prevents flow holes electrons junction width transition region junction order hundred angstroms current flow junction limited discussion motion holes motion electrons equal opposite motion holes
familiar types forces gravitational electromagnetic lot say electromagnetic coulomb forces preceding chapters discussing structure atoms discussion stressed coulomb forces bind electrons atoms types fundamental forces equally important nuclear force responsible holding constituents nucleus weak interactions manifest decay processes beta decay nuclei chapter relative strengths forces nuclear electromagnetic weak gravitational study physics chemistry information atomic nucleus charge atomic number mass mass number investigate familiar important aspects nuclei nuclear forces characteristics grasp qualitative aspects nuclear forces observing regularities complex nuclei discuss headings strength range nuclear forces saturation nuclear forces charge dependence nuclear forces meson theory nuclear forces stable nuclei owe existence fact average net nuclear force nucleons inside nuclei strongly attractive coulomb repulsion protons nuclei disrupt true realize magnitudes binding energies nucleons nucleus mev force interaction nucleons represented potential force implies nuclear forces central forces
main aims physics find basic building blocks matter forces hold parts matter dalton put atomic theory matter held atom smallest indivisible constituent matter didn atom began aware atom wasn smallest constituent matter discovery electron thomson establishment nuclear model atom rutherford discovery neutron james chadwick led physicists believe matter electrons protons neutrons early knew basic particles electron proton neutron photon quantum electromagnetic radiation particles called fundamental elementary particles investigations discoveries physicists found list elementary particles universe grown reached table list doubled present end fundamental elementary particle say elementary particle composite definition hold particles called elementary show composite structure particles protons neutrons found definite structures present hard rules elementary particle hoped future discoveries field high energy nuclear physics able answer questions satisfactorily
electron proton stable particles bound neutron nucleus stable free neutron unstable decays half minutes proton simultaneously emitting electron einstein established existence photon quantum electromagnetic radiation stable particle rest mass spin unit photon antiparticle explained chapter theoretically predicted discovered experimentally anderson anderson observed electron pairs cloud chamber photographs identical electron mass spin unit positive charge absence electron stable combines electron producing mev photons antiparticle electron wolfgang order explain conservation linear momentum angular momentum energy beta decay introduced particles enrico fermi develop satisfactory theory beta decay particles participate beta decay according equations rest mass charge spin unit particle antiparticle postulated existence particles firmly established experiments frederick clyde reaction investigated reverse neutron decay obtained beam powerful nuclear reactor bombard large tanks filled water dissolved
fundamental particles discussed section classified groups baryons leptons mesons photon classification based laws conservation production decay particle caused force present known basic forces interactions interactions governs production decay particles actually say microscopic systems macroscopic systems governed forces let review forces briefly table lists relative strengths reaction scales strong interactions called nuclear interactions nuclear forces strongest responsible holding nuclear matter nucleons responsible production baryons mesons explained earlier nuclear interactions result virtual emission absorption pions range strong interactions cm called strong reaction takes particles interact feel interaction small sec electromagnetic forces strong nuclear forces act charged particles particles electric magnetic moments electromagnetic force result virtual emission absorption photons charged particles photons rest masses range electromagnetic interaction infinite scale interaction sec electromagnetic forces binding electrons atoms formation molecules strength weak interactions strength nuclear interactions range weak interactions
objections meter bar primary standard length potentially fire war accessible idle threats british houses parliament burned british standard yard standard pound destroyed international bureau weights measures established france neutral international zone fortunately respected sides war ii important accuracy length technique comparing fine scratches microscope longer satisfactory modern science technology suggestion length light wave length standard later development gave scientists precision optical device light wave length comparison probe visible light wavelength range nm table length measurements bars centimeters small fraction wavelength accuracy part lengths light waves general conference weights measures adopted atomic standard meter wavelength vacuum orange red radiation identified spectroscopic notation emitted atoms isotope krypton electrical discharge chosen specifically meter defined wavelengths light number wavelengths arrived carefully measuring length standard meter bar terms light waves
mechanics oldest physical sciences study motion objects calculation path baseball space probe earth mars problems analysis tracks formed bubble chambers representing decay interactions elementary particles describe motion dealing part mechanics called relate motion forces properties moving objects dealing dynamics chapter define quantities study detail special case motion dimension chapter discuss cases dimensional motion chapters deal general case dynamics object rotate moves satellite tumble orbits earth body vibrate moves falling water droplet complications avoided considering motion idealized body called particle mathematically particle treated point object extent rotational vibrational considerations involved actually thing nature object extent concept particle real objects behave approximation particles body need small usual sense word order treated particle consider distance earth sun respect distance earth sun considered particles
section deals uniform circular motion pointed body moving uniform speed circle radius experiences centripetal acceleration magnitude direction radially center rotation variable vector magnitude remains constant direction continuously motion progresses general fixed relation directions acceleration velocity particle fig shows happens particle uniform circular motion acceleration velocity angles accelerated body force acting defined newton law ma assuming inertial frame body undergoing uniform circular motion net force magnitude acting body body equilibrium direction instant direction instant radially able account force pointing object environment exerting force circulating accelerating body body uniform circular motion disk end string moving circle horizontal table fig force disk provided tension string force net force acting disk
rigid body radial lines fixed perpendicular axis rotation rotate angle angular speed axis particle body characteristic body units angular speed commonly revolutions rev angular units dimensionless angular speed dimension inverse angular speed constant particle angular acceleration let instantaneous angular speeds times average angular acceleration particle defined instantaneous angular acceleration limit ratio approaches particles rigid body follows eq particle characteristic body angular acceleration dimensions inverse squared units commonly revolutions rev rotation particle rigid body fixed axis formal correspondence translational motion particle rigid body fixed direction variables case quantities correspond pairs note angular quantities differ linear quantities length factor
motion repeats equal intervals called periodic harmonic motion particle periodic motion moves path call motion full motions examples oscillations balance wheel watch violin string mass attached spring atoms molecules solid lattice air molecules sound wave passes oscillating bodies move precisely fixed limits frictional forces dissipate energy motion violin string eventually stops vibrating pendulum stops swinging call motions damped harmonic motions eliminate friction periodic motions gross objects cancel effect feeding energy oscillating system compensate energy dissipated friction main spring watch falling weight pendulum clock supply external energy oscillating system balance wheel pendulum moves mechanical systems oscillate radio waves microwaves visible light oscillating magnetic electric field vectors tuned circuit radio closed metal cavity microwave energy introduced oscillate analogy close based fact mechanical electromagnetic oscillations basic mathematical equations analogy later chapters period harmonic motion required complete round trip motion complete oscillation cycle
gravitational force acting body proportional mass eq shows proportionality measure mass measuring gravitational force acts practice equal arm balance compare mass body standard body ultimately standard kilogram earth gravitational field sensitive indicator mass differences section totally method mass measurement apply known force body measure acceleration compute mass ma gravity involved question arises methods measure property word mass experimental situations try push block rest horizontal surface notice requires effort move block inert tends stay rest moving tends moving gravity enter effort accelerate block region space free gravity mass block makes exert force change motion mass occurring ma original experiments dynamics call kind mass inertial mass situation involves mass block requires effort hold block air rest earth support block fall earth accelerated motion
measurable physical properties vary perception temperature varies volume liquid length rod electrical resistance wire pressure gas constant volume volume gas constant pressure color lamp filament properties construction thermometer setting private temperature scale temperature scale established choosing substance property substance define temperature scale assumed continuous relation chosen property substance temperature measured private scale substance liquid glass capillary tube property length liquid column substance gas container constant volume property pressure gas realize choice substance property assumed relation property temperature leads individual temperature scale measurements need necessarily agree measurements independently defined temperature scale calibration agreed apparent chaos definition temperature removed universal agreement scientific community substance property functional relation measurements property universally accepted temperature scale private temperature scale defined calibrated universal scale
fig plot maxwell distribution speeds molecules oxygen temperatures number molecules speed equals area curve vertical lines eq shows area speed distribution curve integral equation equal total number molecules sample temperature number molecules speed interval increases speed increases maximum probable speed vp decreases distribution curve symmetrical probable speed lowest speed classical limit upper speed molecule attain case average speed larger probable root mean square square root average sum squares speeds larger temperature increases root mean square speed vp increases accord microscopic interpretation temperature range typical speeds greater distribution broadens area distribution curve total number molecules sample remains distribution flatten temperature rises number molecules speeds greater speed increases temperature increases fig explains phenomena increase rates chemical reactions rising temperature distribution speeds molecules liquid resembles curves fig
show kinds charge rubbing glass rod silk hanging thread fig rod rubbed silk held rubbed end rod rods repel hand rod plastic rubbed fur attract glass rod plastic rods rubbed fur repel explain facts saying rubbing rod electric charge charges rods exert forces clearly charges glass plastic nature benjamin franklin achievements american physicist named kind electricity appears glass positive kind appears plastic sealing wax shell franklin negative names remained sum experiments saying charges repel unlike charges attract electric effects limited glass rubbed silk plastic rubbed fur substance rubbed suitable conditions charged extent comparing unknown charge glass rod rubbed silk plastic rod rubbed fur labeled positive negative modern view bulk matter normal neutral equal amounts positive negative electricity bodies glass silk rubbed small amount charge transferred upsetting electric neutrality
devices batteries electric generators able maintain potential difference points attached call devices seats electromotive force symbol emf chapter discuss internal construction detailed mode action confine describing gross electrical characteristics exploring usefulness electric circuits figure shows seat emf represented battery connected resistor seat emf maintains upper terminal positive lower terminal negative shown signs circuit external positive charge carriers driven direction shown arrows marked words clockwise current set emf represented arrow seat points direction seat acting positive charge carrier move external circuit draw small circle tail emf arrow confuse current arrow seat emf able charge carriers enter circuit fig seat acts move positive charges point low potential negative terminal seat point high potential positive terminal reminds pump water move place low gravitational potential place high potential fig charge passes cross section circuit dt charge enters seat emf low potential end leaves high potential end
cyclotron accelerates charged particles hydrogen nuclei protons heavy hydrogen nuclei high energies atom experiments production radioactive isotopes conventional cyclotrons original design superseded accelerators describe reasons provide excellent framework discuss action magnetic electric fields charged particles cyclotron led production generations improved accelerators later devices provide opportunities studying interactions charged particles magnetic electric fields course primary purpose ion source center cyclotron molecules deuterium heavy hydrogen bombarded electrons energy high say ev positive ions formed collisions ions free deuterons enter cyclotron proper small hole wall ion source accelerated cyclotron modest potential difference accelerating say requires ion pass potential difference number times reach mev accelerating potential requires passages magnetic field blend ions pass accelerating potential figure top view region cyclotron particles accelerated shaped objects called copper sheet form part electric oscillator establishes accelerating potential difference gap direction potential difference change sign millions times
applying lenz law situation depicted fig imagine circular conducting loop field loop increasing induced current loop tend oppose change setting magnetic field points loop induced current counterclockwise means lines induced electric field responsible current counterclockwise magnetic field fig decreasing induced current lines force induced electric field clockwise opposing change figure shows lines fig loops faraday law applied loops induced emf loops lie entirely changing magnetic field area note emf loops distribution electric fields perimeter loop electric lines force loop emf loop loop induced emf induced electric fields set induction process static charges changing magnetic flux kinds electric fields exert forces charges difference simplest manifestation difference lines changing magnetic flux form closed loops fig lines static charges form closed loops drawn start positive charge end negative charge
theoretical explanation cavity radiation outstanding unsolved problems physics turn present century number capable physicists advanced theories based classical physics limited success wilhelm derived theoretical expression problem spectral cavity radiation applying laws thermodynamics radiation cavity fig law fits short wavelengths longer wavelengths increasingly disagreement experiment shows fig especially fig shows spectral logarithm wavelengths tail curve fig lord rayleigh derived radiation formula later elaborated sir james jeans rayleigh jeans formula problem result applying energy ideas section radiation cavity fig formula fails miserably range wavelengths shown figure fact curve pass maximum approaches infinity wavelength approaches fig shows rayleigh jeans formula fits wavelengths precisely formula fails rayleigh jeans formulas represent classical physics offer solution cavity radiation problem formula fits experimental data formula fails conversely formula holds complete range wavelengths physicists turn century faced formulated significant problem physics explain
einstein banner published sequence prestigious journal theory photons theory motion contributed greatly understanding atomic nature matter special theory relativity germ famous relationship derived theory additional employed minor official swiss patent office working physics privately spare einstein advanced photon theory light facts nearly established experimentally precise photoelectric measurements difficult american physicist successfully subjected einstein photoelectric equation rigorous experimental test showed equation agreed experiment detail remained unconvinced einstein light particles real wrote einstein bold say reckless hypothesis wrote einstein photon concept present wholly untenable planck originator constant accept einstein photons recommending einstein membership royal prussian academy sciences wrote missed target speculations theory light quanta held unusual commonplace truly ideas accepted slowly genius planck incidentally photon theory einstein received nobel prize physics cavity radiation interaction light matter deals largely infrared light photoelectric effect involves experiments visible ultraviolet light
waves strings sound waves seen governed laws newtonian mechanics electromagnetic waves predicted maxwell equations general relationship governs wave functions represent matter waves erwin schrodinger inspired de matter wave concept pondered observation geometrical optics rays rectilinear propagation special case wave optics newtonian mechanics rays particle trajectories rectilinear propagation free particles special case general unknown wave mechanics schrodinger developed successful theory presenting fundamental equation known schrodinger equation governs variation space wave function variety physical problems resulting wave mechanics proved incredibly successful predicting results experiments involving objects size atoms smaller classical newtonian mechanics hand works larger objects viruses baseballs space probes galaxies fails completely applied atom sized introduction wave mechanics discuss idealized dimensional problem motions particle mass electron say confined move rigid walls separation fig formalism wave mechanics suggests information motion contained wave function solution problem find display wave function consistent schrodinger equation limitations imposed rigid walls required function closely analogous describe classical situations shown fig
paradoxically learn harder astronomy define astronomy restricted observations earthbound viewers easily defined science objects sky actually begun explore space disciplines involved astronaut chips rock sample moon practicing astronomy researcher studies geology sample reaches earth nuclear physicist measures properties nuclear reactions going center stars biologist interested mars included definition astronomy popular misconception scientists pursue research knowledge endless complex specialized disciplines students taught advanced courses probing narrower narrower specialties according idea research climbing tree starting trunk proceeding specialized branches knowledge science process working tree knowledge bewildering variety seemingly unrelated phenomena twigs knowledge analyzing twigs meet branch workers map details branch vision discover joined branch grasping relations major branches closer trunk understand higher branches twigs trunk branches join specialties connecting astronomical research astronomy general historical illustrates process galileo conducted experiments understand seemingly unrelated types motion motion falling objects motion moon
emotions motives early learned predict eclipses early step recognizing live worlds orbiting space understand eclipses predicted understand eclipses important things remember eclipses happen shadow celestial body falls eclipse depends position respect shadow eclipse shadow celestial body source light looking shadow distance falls surface earthbound observers types eclipses solar lunar solar eclipses occur moon journey earth happens pass earth sun shown figure total solar eclipse occurs moon completely covers sun seen earthbound observer partial solar eclipse illustrated figure occurs moon center covers part sun coincidence moon happens angular size sun angular size fingernail arm length moon covers sun solar eclipse moon happens farthest point orbit smaller angular size usual cover sun solar eclipse observer sees ring latin light rim sun surrounding moon
seen figure outer half earth radius volume silicate rock roughly similar volcanic rocks surface region called mantle consists dense rock solid crust thin outer layer lower density rock km thick oceans km thick continents mantle crust distinguished seismic properties stemming differences rock composition core mantle crust structure tells important things planets process differentiation separated materials density chemical properties interiors uniform heat radioactive material allowed earth melt early history allowing low density minerals chemical compounds form crystals aggregate crust high density metallic minerals sank core rock types defined mixtures minerals differ parts earth interior rock types find surface earth planets explained amount efficiency differentiation processes melting differentiation planet surface interior consist rock type planet formed materials resemble meteorites denser iron rich rocks earth surface melting occurred volcanic lavas erupted surface creating regions rock composition earth heating differentiation occurred
journey moon look sun family planets solar system figure discover earth largest worlds orbit average sized star call sun cry conception twenty generations ago earth viewed kind imperial capital universe unique stationary scene human activities sun moon planets stars moved exciting transition older idea modern conception began astronomer carl sagan called cosmic connection realization part larger system worlds idea growing consciousness today transition began renaissance concept system earthlike worlds attack traditional knowledge issue death participants today idea live system worlds suggests conception large theater travel investigate examples geologic biological processes exploit sources energy materials solar system defined sun orbiting planets satellites host small interplanetary bodies asteroids comets starting center solar system major bodies symbols sun mercury venus earth mars jupiter saturn uranus neptune pluto symbols derived ancient astrology convenient abbreviations today memory aid outward sequence early jars stand upright nicely period
observers features controversy grew hotter vivid description canals book mars percival lowell lowell wealthy bostonian founded observatory exceptionally clear air flagstaff arizona lowell canals sharp lines systematic network amazing line goes wonderful directness point spot meet exactly line directness direction lowell concluded features canals artificial ditches built intelligent creatures carry water pointed spectroscopic measurements revealed mars dry place hypothesized moist climate desertlike water evaporated thin martian atmosphere space martian civilization turned massive irrigation canals carry water polar snow fields dry warm equator exciting hypothesis sparked raging debate decades spacecraft visits mars canal network exist lowell drew wrong observations hypothesis martian civilization astronomer carl sagan commented drawings geometric networks mars certainly imply intelligence present drawings don tell end telescope intelligence modern evidence reasons canals existed observers minds streaky markings including faulted canyons dust deposits exist mars seen shimmery atmosphere earth markings resemble patterns lines shown figure importantly likely perceive streaky patches straight lines especially believe lines
outer solar system giant plants jupiter saturn uranus neptune small planet pluto monarch roman gods fitting jupiter biggest planet total planetary mass nearly times planets combined giant planets total planetary mass harbor known satellites giant planets lower mean densities terrestrial planets kg compared kg saturn float ice cube find big ocean water density kg simile significant giant planets evidently largely ices low density liquids liquid hydrogen jupiter diameter measures times earth diameter saturn times uranus neptune diameters times earth face jupiter earth look dime dinner plate color photos top giant planets similar massive atmospheres rich hydrogen helium atmospheres lesser amounts hydrogen rich compounds methane ammonia retained earliest times planets strong atmospheres poisonous current terrestrial believed resemble earth original atmosphere volcanic emissions photosynthesis supplied carbon dioxide oxygen clouds haze atmospheres hide surfaces giant planets atmospheres jupiter saturn giant planets east west bands dark bright clouds spotty streaky clouds form evolve weeks longer finally dissipate
gravitational contraction shrinkage slowed outward pressure called contraction hermann von german studied showed contraction caused heat accumulate contracting cloud noted quoted shapley weight falls height strikes ground mass loses visible motion fact lost transferred smallest elementary particles mass invisible vibration molecules call heat contracting atoms swarms atoms fallen center collided parts gas cloud temperatures increased inside cloud law guarantees radiated energy warmed surrounding cloud calculations based theory conditions eventually cloud central temperature rose million kelvin starting nuclear reactions star ball inert gas important formation planets outer parts cloud shown figure formed disk gas big solar system temperatures thousand kelvin theorized steps confirmed actual observations newly formed stars surrounded clouds gas dust cloud space called nebula plural nebulae latin term mist nebula surrounded contracting sun called solar nebula believed disk shaped rotating cloud molecules gas grains dust moved circular orbits orbits crossed paths particles leading collisions damped motions
solar energy originally stored organisms accumulated ground coal petroleum industrial civilization built fossil solar energy region standard living correlated rate consumption energy unfortunately took million accumulate fossil fuels burned significant fraction today trends continue fossil fuels largely decades cosmic perspective helps recognize hurdle face planetary culture sure dwindling reserves fossil fuel ensure production alternative fuels run fossil fuels won easy develop technology produce alternative sources energy sun providing square meter earth vicinity kw solar energy likely alternative fossil fuel efficient solar collector run appliance total energy needs united states rate met collectors operating percent efficiency spread giant solar farms desert areas covering area arizona grander schemes proposed greater collection efficiency permanent sunlight space engineering studies arnold lewis economic feasibility building orbiting space colonies lunar materials solar collectors convert solar energy radio waves beam earth figure earth fact roof area typical home intercepts roughly kwh energy average daily energy consumption household snell al
try expand statistical sample stars tabulating distant run problem distances luminous stars bottom figure faint distant stars unusual luminous fact prominent stars night sky distant unusually luminous stars learned figure stars rare dimensional space aptly called whales fishes statistics distant stars give sample representative stars biased prominent whales nonetheless important reveal whales don belong main sequence figure adds prominent stars sky ranked apparent magnitude shown figure pattern prominent stars look brightest sky sample include nearby luminous whales intrinsically bright upper part diagram figure populated upper part figure shown figures stars higher luminosity main sequence stars stars radiate light temperature according stefan boltzmann law area named giant stars called red giants reddish stars color plate top makes situation clearer relative sizes stars
studies convinced astronomers atoms calcium sodium prominent common interstellar gas ubiquitous hydrogen sun stars interstellar gas fourths hydrogen nearly fourth helium scientific mystery soon arose interstellar gas experience prior distant universe composed elements found solar system early english observer william huggins found greenish bluish emission lines light nebulae showed match spectra elements known earth assigned hypothetical element named clear room periodic table elements element creating strange greenish light nebulae california astronomer ira bowen showed deep interstellar space atoms exist called metastable states states unusual electron distributions minutes states unknown earth dense atmosphere atoms struck air molecules fast remain states spectral lines arising unusual states called forbidden lines found earth atmospheric gas nebular light turned coming strong forbidden lines rarefied ionized forms oxygen gas familiar air astronomer henry norris russell quipped mysterious vanished thin air dutch astronomer van de predicted important type interstellar radiation emission line wavelength cm caused change spin hydrogen atoms electrons
spectroscopic binary orbital motion revealed periodic doppler shifts spectral lines individual stars resolved subtypes spectrum detected figure sets spectral lines seen figure displaying lines stars yield information pairs measured binary binary pair generally unresolved orbit seen nearly revealed eclipses line sight lies nearly orbital plane stars alternately eclipse events properly called term eclipse widely eclipses detected plotting light curves plots brightness versus shown figure depending relative brightness size stars eclipse primary produce marked short term decrease brightness star returns normal brightness famous discovered normal brightness spectroscopic doppler shifts eclipses detected informative type binary permitting detailed analysis motion mass size stars binary detected necessarily sight doppler shifts eclipses orbital motions respect background stars according kepler laws stars system revolve center gravity chapter star describes oscillating path dimensional space moving system center gravity called
satellites earth atmosphere mapped celestial sources high energy radiation sources galactic disk binary pairs star dumps material globular clusters found sites strong ray radiation spectra radiation similar found sources globular cluster radiation smooth periodic variations caused orbital motions binary pairs irregular variations weeks months doubling intensity minutes rates energy radiation rays reach times sun total luminosity surprising findings led hypotheses conditions inside globular clusters idea globular clusters neutron stars black holes remnants burnt stars stars close inside dense remnants capture passing stars binary orbits resulting evolution captured star transfer mass captor resulting high energy impact gas produce rays idea black holes inside clusters disrupt passing stars strong tidal forces pull mass idea neutron stars black holes accumulate inside eventually colliding stars globular burnt mass accumulate black hole coalesce center cluster
brings fourth significant answer farther aliens evolutionary physical space planet started evolving exactly biochemistry produced creatures creatures likely phase evolution similar evolutionary clocks planets synchronization million ahead unlikely event planets produce civilizations recognize contact narrow interval order recognizable common interests evolution pass interval societies planet try reach planets stage communication space exploration attractive national program part communicate ants dolphins sure scholars try contact infinitesimal fraction lower creatures fraction anthills dolphin schools humans tried contact token solar system advanced aliens aliens million ahead interested ants interval tools million appears progress current technology million survive interval million history planet factor table interpreted intelligence recognizable interested communicating optimistic upper limit revised downward stars figure cited soviet american conference
giving view place universe planetary society cosmic perspective facts base actions facts course merely conclusions drawn observations verified generations observers provide foundation practical real grade hypotheses universe acts put critic argues facts scientist agree argue acting hypotheses betting forced put money thing try put likely successful forces act want act basis ideas likely true scientific method learning universe simply scheme accumulating hypotheses act information comes hypotheses suggest possibilities discoveries principles places suggest goals tests experiments brings attempts mentioned chapter legislate retreat scientific debate cosmic environment according critics science century scientific exploration demeaned human religious values society served theories resulting scientific research suppressed force fitted ideological mold key theories criticized theory biological evolution decades soviet union party leaders insisted marxist version evolutionary process ideological intrusion stunted soviet biological research
earth spin define coordinate systems locating objects ground sky ground system system latitude longitude based earth spin latitude lines perpendicular axis rotation longitude lines intersect poles rotation nearly identical system describes locations stars celestial objects involves coordinates called ascension declination abbreviated ascension declination merely longitude latitude projected center earth earth surface sky fixed respect stars celestial equator line declination north celestial pole declination written south celestial pole visualize system imagine earth giant glass sphere longitude latitude lines engraved imagine center sphere look longitude latitude lines locate features surface earth lines lines ascension declination projected stars earth equator overlaps celestial equator earth north pole overlaps north celestial pole obscures star polaris figures help visualizing ascension declination system sky coordinates figure shows views northern sky hour stars wheel north celestial pole figure shows similar views eastern sky orion rises
counting system based number number decimal system standard counting system system survives measuring angles part measuring seconds equal minute minutes equal hour babylonians developed system system angular measurement today angular measurement circle degrees degree amounts minutes minute seconds symbol degree minute distinguish angular minutes seconds units refer minutes arc seconds arc arc segment circumference circle talk angular size diameter object mind relation actual size object distance angular size farther object smaller angular size suppose stands meters measure person angular size imagine person moves angular size tenth note distance object order determine actual size angular size concept angular speed related concept angular size object sky airplane typically fast actually traveling miles kilometers hour observe directly degrees object covers period object angular speed determine actual speed distance
babylonians compiled star catalogs began making records planetary motions babylonian astronomers able fix planetary locations respect stars records planetary positions compared planet position recognized constellations early observations included motions venus jupiter mars ninth century babylonians continuous astronomical records clay tablets reasons babylonians careful observers part development astronomy supported astronomical information needed calendar practice astrology focus problems stimulated development arithmetical techniques babylonians predict planetary positions addition observations preserved cuneiform tablets enabled babylonians find daily monthly annual cycles main themes celestial motions listed table permanent records babylonian astronomers knew variations celestial cycles angular size planet loop duration motion vary period fig period planet interval planet similar respect sun viewed earth period opposition planet babylonian astronomers lists cycles cuneiform tablets major cycle represented table consecutive numbers babylonian astronomer cycles predict motion babylonian astronomers predict future planetary motions tables past cycles
fame astronomer began accidentally teaching kepler struck compelling insight drawn series triangles circles explaining students conjunctions jupiter saturn inscribed triangles noticed radius circles half outer circle fig ratio equaled ratio distances jupiter saturn sun geometrical ratio distance ratio found result exciting saturn planet sphere stars triangle simplest sides plane figure thought found geometrical design solar system kepler felt idea support copernican model taught astronomy michael read de carefully actively promote copernican cosmology refer copernicus tables de kepler apparently excited harmonies found model quickly adopted thinking harmonies appears spacing planets sidereal periods focus sections copernicus offered explanation relationship kepler thought geometrical layout determined planetary spacings days worked solving problem realized model actually dimensional dimensional required solid plane figures
russian mathematician nikolai pointed euclid parallel line postulate proposed postulate allowed parallel lines diverge resulted consistent geometry dimensions geometry properties similar surface saddle fig parallel lines diverge extended geometry curved geometry termed geometry open geometry triangle drawn surface sum angles fig geometry infinite extended parallel lines meet reason flat geometries called open geometries georg devised consistent geometry parallel postulate allowed parallel lines converge extended surface sphere resulting geometry fig sum triangle angles greater geometry called spherical geometry closed geometry consider analogy idealized earth surface lines longitude latitude lines longitude perpendicular equator parallel intersect poles non euclidean geometries characterized curvature bending flat euclidean geometry geometry negative curvature bends extending infinitely spherical geometry contrast curves positive curvature spherical geometry finite definite size edge consider earth surface travel earth surface times direction want discovering boundary
radioactive dating technique depends natural instability nuclei radioactive elements uranium nuclei decay break simpler nuclei atom estimate decay process random large number atoms determine gross rate disintegration analogous process popping popcorn impossible predict kernel pop estimate entire batch finished half piece uranium appendix explanation notation decays lead billion decay uranium atom length required half material disintegrate called half element fig rock sample uranium lead knowing half uranium calculate age sample uranium element radioactive dating rubidium decays strontium half billion potassium decays inert gas argon half billion serve radioactive clocks elements derived date elapsed rocks solidified knowing half radioactive elements age rock sample assume original composition sample solidified suppose sample potassium billion half potassium decays argon
photographs satellites orbiting moon show maria lie northern half moon hemisphere fixed earth maria dark compared rest surface lower stretches form face moon darker appearance maria general features clues formation maria look circular shape interconnected smooth surfaces compared brighter cratered regions maria lower elevations km rest surface maria called lunar lowlands lighter colored areas highlands vast flat maria solidified lava flow look carefully regions maria find craters flooded dark material mare fig lava flow formed maria occurred lunar crust formed formation craters words lunar maria fill large shallow basins moon surface easily mare imbrium basin fig moon side roughly circular outline diameter km moon striking basin lies side mare fig note concentric rings mountains look bull eye outer rim mountains cordillera mountains diameter km rises height km surrounding basin km lies blanket lighter material covering older lunar surface mare imbrium resemble mare filling material removed
outermost phoebe iapetus satellites stick close saturn equatorial plane smaller titan km radius masses satellites determined gravitational attraction pioneer voyager densities range cc tethys dione similar densities outer satellites jupiter titan astronomers surprises satellite found atmosphere ultraviolet spectrometer voyager showed atmosphere consists nitrogen percent percent methane kinds hydrocarbons detected including ethane acetylene ethylene hydrogen cyanide atmosphere surface pressure determined weakening voyager radio transmissions titan atm surface temperature close pictures titan fig show fuzzy ball color variation expected layer orange smog km thick directly visible blue color titan edge color plate variation atmosphere varies composition pioneer found light reflected atmosphere highly polarized direct indication particles surface features seen surface completely obscured voyager view pressure temperature data spectroscopic nitrogen hydrocarbons led speculate surface covered organic tars pools liquid nitrogen smaller titan saturn satellites interesting largest titan iapetus rhea dione tethys diameters ranging km
frankly don cold neptune planet eighth sun times pluto comes closer distant jovian planet discovered effects orbit uranus soon uranus discovery astronomers observed computed orbit surprise planet consistently refused follow predicted path observations orbit approximate mass planet causing uranus orbit calculated section galle berlin observatory able observe planet september spot predicted remoteness sun planet named neptune neptune actually observed joseph earlier failed identify planet recently evidence light indicating neptune seen galileo galle discovery calculations neptune orbit show close jupiter sky january eclipsed jupiter charles stillman drake searched galileo journals sure entries showing observed object vicinity jupiter neptune predicted position december january december neptune changing direct motion section stationary respect stars january galileo detected small motion neptune respect nearby star galileo discovery failed recognize object planet
thermonuclear fires blaze sun center creating energy eventually energy makes earth energy transported deep sun general energy carried processes conduction convection radiation relaxed front roaring fire experienced directly warmed fire heat infrared radiation travels directly fire absorbed skin energy transported radiation energy fire wasted chimney fire heats air air gas focus air expands dense cooler denser air flows pushes hotter air house cools transport energy mass motions gas liquid convection finally mistake left poker fire grab handle thinking yell finding hot conduction poker atoms actually fire heated moved high speeds banged neighbors collided neighbors poker end kinetic energy temperature transferred direct collisions poker ordinary stars sun radiation convection carry energy conduction play important role sun material gas process depends local conditions gas general rule transport process efficiently operate
illustrate process level molecular laser fig levels numbered increasing energy molecule ground excited collisions absorbing radiation highest level process called pumping laser assume level molecule greatest probability give photon drop level stable probability dropping level small pumping puts molecules level primed action suppose photon energy equal difference levels comes close primed molecule triggers molecule drop level sending photon equal energy direction original photon process called stimulated emission photons stimulate molecules radiate result photons trigger molecules radiate making total photons chain reaction amplifies original photon millions times photons travel gas result light intense narrowly directed single frequency apply process hydroxyl fig radical pumped excited level believed firmly proven absorption infrared photons pumps process involving ultraviolet photons suggested probabilities transitions lower levels natural tumble energy leaves molecules level molecule stimulated drop level emit photon likely drop level emission photon fact visible sources orion nebula
sun nearest neighboring stars drop galactic bucket located galactic disk center galaxy local stars moving variety directions speeds relation local stars sun moves speed km sec find motion sun nearby stars share relation center galaxy nineteenth century astronomers grew aware sun motion space reflected motions nearby stars pioneer astronomer proposed motions occur partly orbital motion stars galaxy motions infer character galaxy rotation inference measuring radial velocities doppler shift brightest stars sky results explained stars nearer center galaxy revolve faster farther slower sense stars concentrated galactic disk surrounds dense central nucleus stars exert gravitational attraction disk sun dwells mass nucleus attracts star strongly part galaxy stars attracted essentially center set resembles flattened system planets forming solar system planets attract orbits sun responds overwhelming gravitational attraction central sun argued stars galactic disk revolve nucleus galaxy planets revolve sun
george studied rich clusters galaxies number bright galaxies rich means galaxies radius million ly finds clusters tend fall groups calls simply regular irregular regular groups marked spherical symmetry high concentration galaxies center bright galaxies bright galaxies masses order solar mass contrast irregular groups symmetry concentrated single center spiral irregular galaxies bright galaxies masses solar masses groups regular cluster coma cluster fig note large bright elliptical galaxy center concentrate galaxy examples irregular clusters local group cluster brightest galaxies cluster brightest giant percent compared spirals percent cluster covers sky times diameter moon implies physical diameter million ly distance million ly section learned local stars luminosity function number stars found range luminosity basic trend extremely luminous ob stars exist compared large numbers low luminosity stars description local group suspect similar hierarchy galaxies
step moment reconsider physical evolution cosmos universe began big bang billion ago big bang produced hydrogen helium elements iron produced cores massive stars massive stars explode heavier elements star manufactured materials blown space generation massive stars died elements sun generation star formed billion ago earth moon inferred radioactive dating methods close sun coincidence reflects fact formation sun earth moon occurred common event cloud gas dust sun reflects average chemical composition material galaxy earth ended composition sun table happen recall chapter earth formed accretion planetesimals earth bulk composition chemical condensation sequence imply temperature solar nebula earth position condensation temperature presents problem depositing carbon essential element earth condensation sequence predicts carbon form methane condenses planetesimals making earth methane earth carbon case carbon deposition problem unsettled high temperatures carbon combines oxygen form carbon monoxide proper conditions carbon monoxide combines hydrogen form large hydrocarbons found tar
lander biology instrument package miniature laboratories designed analyze soil samples signs lab operates principle relating basic idea simple earthlike assumptions living organism alters environment eating breathing reproducing activities atmosphere creature activities going breathe oxygen emit carbon dioxide experiment soil sample sits partially submerged complex food solution atmosphere helium krypton carbon dioxide days gas sampled look traces molecules oxygen carbon dioxide methane major drawback experiment martian organisms food amount water device attempts look martian normal arid conditions goal look microorganisms taking carbon dioxide atmosphere carbon assimilation earth photosynthesis sunlight powers conversion carbon dioxide water organic material oxygen soil sample incubates days normal martian atmosphere radioactive carbon monoxide carbon dioxide added simulated sunlight ultraviolet bathes sample martian radioactive carbon atmosphere chamber atmosphere flushed end incubation period remove radioactive carbon eaten living organisms sample heated vaporize organic material released gases checked radioactivity positive result carbon assimilation occurred
voyager swung past saturn end august sped past rings greater km sec despite problems camera platform voyager accomplish goals provide clues puzzles saturn rings special instrument board voyager failed voyager able record light star ringlets ring system fig color plate flashes starlight ringlets number hundreds thousands thousands seen regular photos ringlets wavelike structure distinct entity lasts length short lived structures formed waves passing ring system analogy density waves create spiral arms section upper atmosphere voyager photos saturn upper atmosphere looked bland compared jupiter chance tv camera voyager voyager showed detail structure upper atmosphere figs photos imply weather saturn changed enormously equivalent week earth large storm systems changed shape remained visible hint saturn storms jupiter lived compared earth storms voyager photos upper atmospheric wind flow saturn jupiter winds blowing eastward equatorial speeds times found jupiter voyager results show pattern follow east west flow alternation found jupiter higher latitudes
greek philosophers scientists believed find single substance philosopher named thales believed substance water named thought air empedocles composed elements earth air fire water period greek philosophers laid foundation main ideas universe leucippus democritus trying determine thing smallest particle matter established idea atom particle tiny seen test atoms existed passed scientists proved exist greeks studying philosophy mathematics egyptians practicing art chemistry mining purifying metals gold silver copper making embalming fluids dyes called art flourished seventh century arabs egyptian word arabic word english word alchemy today version word mean happened chemistry major goal alchemists transmute convert base metals gold wanted transform desirable elements lead iron element gold ancient arabic emperors employed alchemists purpose course accomplished alchemists tried find philosopher stone supposed cure diseases elixir prolong indefinitely
important fact density substances expand heated weight substance hot occupies larger volume cool means density substance decreases warmed think moment sure understand true densities reported chemical references handbook chemistry physics densities room temperature suppose experiment measuring temperature liquid thermometer calibrated marked degrees imagine mercury thermometer halfway degrees figure estimate temperature liquid degrees pick thermometer calibrated tenths degrees figure read thermometer looks temperature liquid degrees difference sensitivity thermometers measurement correct answer question consider number significant figures measurement significant figures digits express greatest amount correct measured information information doubt temperature degrees thermometer known correct significant figures significant figures expressing measurement degrees mean temperature known significant figures significant temperature degrees thermometer shows measurement confidence significant figures
molecules guessed atoms composed kinds atoms instance water hydrogen oxygen kinds atoms instance chlorine gas atoms chlorine figure law definite composition states atoms compound combined definite proportions weight figure combined definite proportions number water hydrogen atoms oxygen atom mentioned chemical symbols shorthand names elements cases symbol capital oxygen chemical symbol letter element capitalized symbol element letters cases letter capitalized letter capitalized instance symbol neon ne symbol cobalt careful represent cobalt combination elements carbon oxygen compound symbols latin names elements iron fe latin ferrum lead pb latin plumbum compounds composed elements chemical symbols shorthand compounds symbols write chemical formula shows elements compose compound sodium chloride table salt atom sodium na atom chlorine cl chemical formula sodium chloride nacl water water molecule atoms hydrogen atom oxygen write
table helpful predicting relative sizes atoms period group consider atomic radius radius atom distance center nucleus outermost electron atomic radii measured unit called angstrom named swedish physicist angstrom equal hundred millionth centimeter group periodic table element energy level element figure move group atomic radii elements increase happens atomic radii elements move left period assume number electrons atom increasing size atom increase case remember move period number protons increases number electrons greater pull electrons energy levels shrinking atomic radius figure elements period explain happens lithium atomic number protons attract electrons electron beryllium atomic number protons attract electrons electrons boron protons attract electrons electrons increased positive charge acting electrons makes energy shrink energy level shrinks results decreased atomic radius figure mind transition metals atomic radii change electrons filling shells
electrons outermost energy levels form bonds concerned electrons elements study notation showing outermost electrons atom bonds form devised lewis american physical chemist electron dot notation outer electrons shown dots sides symbol element figure examples dot corresponds outer shell electron dots side beginning top moving clockwise dot side dot sides symbol move left figure additional dot diagram recall elements group number electrons outermost energy level means elements group electron dot diagram figure shows diagrams fluorine bromine group viia dots figure shows diagrams nitrogen arsenic group va dots known group viiia elements noble gases tend stable tendency elements called noble gases scientists think stability connected fact group viiia elements electrons outermost energy level element helium exception atom electrons electrons fill outermost energy level helium atom
dimensional diagrams show atoms bonded molecules dimensional atoms molecules objects dimensions fact dimensional shapes molecules lead additional properties bonded compounds enlarge single molecule diatomic element instance linear line figure true bonded compounds consisting unlike atoms hcl figure enlarge single molecule water bent molecule figure experiments shown angle hydrogen atoms degrees looked molecule methane pyramid shaped symmetrical molecule figure angle neighboring hydrogen atoms methane shown degrees molecules compounds exhibit shapes important thing shapes affect bonding properties molecules recall elements form covalent bond share electrons don share electrons equally compound hydrogen bromide bromine greater attraction electrons hydrogen words bromine greater electronegativity hydrogen bromine greater attraction electrons electrons shared spend bromine hydrogen unequal sharing makes hydrogen partial positive charge bromine partial negative charge figure kind covalent bond unequal sharing electrons called polar covalent bond
gases deadly aspects person york city inhales toxic poisonous material smoking packs cigarettes thirds unhealthy mixture contributed friend car maybe gases colorless invisible took studying late air vapor substance scientists studied alchemists contact vapor substances found mysterious called spirits word spirits liquids vaporized turned gas easily jan van flemish physician person study vapors air observed vapors behaved air physical chemical properties air vapors definite shape volume chapter discuss basic physical properties gases pressure volume temperature early italian scientist torricelli discovered air exerts measurable pressure objects touches torricelli filled glass tube sealed end liquid mercury turned tube upside bowl filled mercury figure torricelli noticed mercury remained upright tube concluded surrounding air exerted pressure surface mercury bowl turn supported column mercury tube sea level height mercury supported tube mm honor torricelli pressure supports column mercury exactly mm high called
thirds earth surface covered water coleridge observed rime ancient mariner unfit human consumption special properties water easy pollute water pure quickly unfit drink support aquatic chapter look chemistry important compound begin discussing oxygen hydrogen elements compose water english chemist joseph priestley heated orange red compound decomposed yield mercury metal unknown gas figure noted gas unusual properties burning object burn brightly gas air glowing wood splint burst flames test tube filled gas unknown substance oxygen oxygen abundant element weight earth air breathe oxygen oxygen combined element called free oxygen half outer crust earth composed oxygen table oxygen combined elements called combined oxygen joseph priestley originally prepared oxygen heating mercury ii oxide common method preparing oxygen laboratory decomposing potassium chlorate decompose water laboratory passing direct electric current produce hydrogen oxygen called electrolysis figure pure oxygen needed hospitals prepared commercially electrolysis water oxygen obtained air
exposure air anhydrous salts substances absorb water atmosphere substance substances absorb water atmosphere form solution substances substance sodium hydroxide naoh small piece solid sodium hydroxide left open beaker soon absorbs water atmosphere form solution substances calcium chloride laboratory drying agents substances called want chemicals dry atmosphere place container called figure anhydrous calcium chloride assures atmosphere remains moisture free course calcium chloride absorbs water changed pellets vitamin containers pellets absorb moisture accumulate containers vitamins decompose substances spontaneously absorb water atmosphere substances opposite hydrated salts spontaneously lose water hydration exposed atmosphere process known efflorescence water vital substance human survival free contamination deadly chemicals bacteria order potable drinkable united states billion gallons million cubic meters water pure water scarce earth water oceans unfit drinking sources potable water lakes rivers springs wells rapidly drained
chemists find molality concept deal effect solute boiling point freezing point solution let means properties solutions depend number solute particles present type solute particles words properties regardless substance solute depend mainly number solute particles present quantity solvent properties called properties solutions important property solutions relates vapor pressure solvent solute dissolved solvent vapor pressure solvent decreases words compared vapor pressure pure water vapor pressure sugar wafer solution find sugar water solution lower vapor pressure pure water figure properties solutions result vapor pressure reduction property boiling point solution higher boiling point pure solvent called boiling point elevation property freezing point solution lower freezing point pure solvent called freezing point depression property salt added water boiling point water raised food cooks water high temperature adding salt ice cream lower freezing point raise boiling point lower freezing point auto radiator water add antifreeze coolant amount boiling point solution elevated freezing point lowered depends solvent concentration solute particles
pressure increased equilibrium shifts favoring formation ammonia ammonia formed exothermic reaction adding heat shift equilibrium left favor formation ammonia chemists want increase maximum yield ammonia reaction place low temperature high pressure accordance lechatelier principle manufacturing plants produce ammonia pressures atm moderate temperatures temperatures reaction occurs slowly addition catalyst added speed reaction story production ammonia shows relationship science society thomas malthus theorized food supply grows steady rate population grows times faster predicted population eventually agricultural production sir william crookes addressing british association advancement science discussed problem fixed nitrogen supply nitrogen composed air form molecule atmospheric nitrogen fixed order plants fix nitrogen means stabilize change gaseous solid liquid form bound element element forms fixed nitrogen ammonia nitrite ions nitrate ions bacteria algae capable fixing atmospheric nitrogen organisms found free nature live colonies roots plants called legumes crookes maintained adequate food supplies scientists figure fix atmospheric nitrogen nitrogen fertilizers hope growing food
events took place times history common bond involve chemical processes parts areas chemistry nuclear chemistry electrochemistry environmental chemistry chapter briefly survey important areas study explosion atomic bomb hiroshima recognized beginning nuclear age study nuclear chemistry actually began earlier german physicist wilhelm konrad rontgen accidentally discovered rays found rays penetrating power pass walls french physicist antoine becquerel salt uranium photographic plate wrapped black paper developed photographic plate found image pile salt uranium salt picture becquerel concluded uranium giving type penetrating rays rays strong able pass black paper expose photographic plate becquerel thick barrier lead salt photographic plate lead absorbed rays image formed becquerel thought penetrating rays rontgen rays paris young polish chemist named marie curie working husband pierre laboratories curies interested becquerel discovery fact marie curie defined radioactivity ability substance emit penetrating rays nucleus curies found radioactive substance emitting powerful penetrating rays
objections meter bar primary standard length potentially fire war accessible idle threats british houses parliament burned british standard yard standard pound destroyed international bureau weights measures established france neutral international zone fortunately respected sides war ii important accuracy length technique comparing fine scratches microscope longer satisfactory modern science technology suggestion length light wave length standard later development chapter gave scientists precision optical device light wave length comparison probe visible light wavelength range nm table length measurements bars centimeters small fraction wavelength accuracy part lengths light waves general conference weights measures adopted atomic standard meter wavelength vacuum orange red radiation identified spectroscopic notation emitted atoms isotope krypton electrical discharge chosen specifically meter defined wavelengths light number wavelengths arrived carefully measuring length standard meter bar terms light waves
centuries problem motion central theme natural philosophy early call physics galileo newton dramatic progress isaac newton born england galileo death principal architect classical mechanics carried full fruition ideas galileo preceded laws motion presented principia called principia galileo philosophers thought influence force needed body moving body natural rest body move straight line constant speed believed external agent continually propel naturally stop moving wanted test ideas experimentally find free body influences environment forces hard cases forces small study motions forces smaller smaller idea motion external forces truly let place test body say block rigid horizontal plane let block slide plane notice gradually slows stops observation fact support idea motion stopped external force case hand initially pushing block removed
confine attention forces depend position particle environment type force common physics gravitational force bodies sun earth earth projectile force exerted stretched spring body attached procedure determine motion particle subject force leads concepts kinetic energy development energy theorem central feature chapter chapter consider broader view energy embodied law conservation energy concept played major role development physics consider particle acted force simplest case force constant motion takes place straight line direction force situation define force particle product magnitude force distance particle moves write constant force acting particle act direction particle moves case define force particle product component force line motion distance body moves line fig constant force makes angle axis acts particle displacement axis represents displacement according definition
feature balancing rock fig attracts attention rock fall remains totally rest stand inertial reference frame watch shares property ordinary rocks bridges power line towers churches tables presumably rigid bodies rest chosen inertial reference frame say bodies static equilibrium note linear acceleration center mass bodies angular acceleration bodies point actually body moving inertial reference frame meet conditions spaceship drifting constant velocity gravity free space tumbling constant angular velocity axis center mass spaceship serve suitable inertial reference frame observe objects drifting tumbling spaceship dynamic equilibrium restrictions imposed forces act rigid body matter mechanical equilibrium static dynamic transform case dynamic equilibrium static equilibrium choosing reference frame rest chapter consider static equilibrium bodies actually rest analysis static equilibrium important engineering practice requires engineer isolate identify external forces act structure question suitable design choice materials engineer ensure structure tolerate external loads bear
lift stone mass distance earth surface external agent separating earth stone assembling system potential energy similarly external agent body mass moves infinity distance earth negative agent exert restraining force body agreement eq considerations hold systems particles consider bodies masses let initially infinitely problem compute external agent bring positions shown fig let bring infinite separation separation gravitational force exerted let bring infinity separation gravitational force exerted gravitational force exerted total assembling system total potential energy system notice vector operations needed procedure matter assemble system regardless bodies moved paths find amount required bring bodies configuration fig initial infinite separation potential energy system bodies
wave motion appears branch physics familiar water waves sound waves light waves radio waves electromagnetic waves chapter treat beam electrons subatomic particles wave call waves matter waves chapter confine attention waves elastic media waves ordinary sound waves air called mechanical waves originate displacement portion elastic medium normal position causing oscillate equilibrium position elastic forces adjacent layers disturbance transmitted layer medium medium move parts oscillate limited paths surface waves water small floating objects corks show actual motion water molecules elliptical slightly water waves move steadily water reach floating objects set motion transferring energy energy waves form kinetic potential energy transmission comes passed part matter range motion matter mechanical waves characterized transport energy matter motion disturbance matter bulk motion matter material medium transmission mechanical waves medium needed transmit electromagnetic waves
fig plot maxwell distribution speeds molecules oxygen temperatures number molecules speed equals area curve vertical lines eq shows area speed distribution curve integral equation equal total number molecules sample temperature number molecules speed interval increases speed increases maximum probable speed vp decreases distribution curve symmetrical probable speed lowest speed classical limit upper speed molecule attain case average speed larger probable root mean square square root average sum squares speeds larger temperature increases root mean square speed vp increases accord microscopic interpretation temperature range typical speeds greater distribution broadens area distribution curve total number molecules sample remains distribution flatten temperature rises number molecules speeds greater speed increases temperature increases fig explains phenomena increase rates chemical reactions rising temperature distribution speeds molecules liquid resembles curves fig
show kinds charge rubbing glass rod silk hanging thread fig rod rubbed silk held rubbed end rod rods repel hand rod plastic rubbed fur attract glass rod plastic rods rubbed fur repel explain facts saying rubbing rod electric charge charges rods exert forces clearly charges glass plastic nature benjamin franklin achievements american physicist named kind electricity appears glass positive kind appears plastic sealing wax shell franklin negative names remained sum experiments saying charges repel unlike charges attract electric effects limited glass rubbed silk plastic rubbed fur substance rubbed suitable conditions charged extent comparing unknown charge glass rod rubbed silk plastic rod rubbed fur labeled positive negative modern view bulk matter normal neutral equal amounts positive negative electricity bodies glass silk rubbed small amount charge transferred upsetting electric neutrality
hard put equal opposite charges conductors fig need charge separately connect conductors momentarily opposite poles battery equal opposite charges automatically moment proof capacitor proportional constant proportionality called capacitance capacitor moment proof depends shapes relative positions conductors show section important special cases depend variables depends medium conductors immersed present assume vacuum note positive positive magnitudes defining si unit capacitance follows eq coulomb volt special unit represent named honor michael faraday contributions developed concept capacitance coulomb volt pf convenient units practice capacitors devices interest engineers physicists book stress importance fields understanding natural phenomena capacitor establish desired electric field configurations purposes section deflection electron beam uniform field set capacitor term section
applying lenz law situation depicted fig imagine circular conducting loop field loop increasing induced current loop tend oppose change setting magnetic field points loop induced current counterclockwise means lines induced electric field responsible current counterclockwise magnetic field fig decreasing induced current lines force induced electric field clockwise opposing change figure shows lines fig loops faraday law applied loops induced emf loops lie entirely changing magnetic field area dt note emf loops distribution electric fields perimeter loop electric lines force loop emf dt loop loop induced emf induced electric fields set induction process static charges changing magnetic flux kinds electric fields exert forces charges difference simplest manifestation difference lines changing magnetic flux form closed loops fig lines static charges form closed loops drawn start positive charge end negative charge
speak magnetism everyday conversation certainly mind familiar behavior bar magnets electromagnets attracting nails iron objects certainly mind paramagnetic diamagnetic effects discussed preceding sections effects interesting important understanding nature matter weak comparison turns iron elements notably ni gd dy alloys elements special effect occurs permits specimen achieve high degree magnetic alignment spite tendency thermal motions atoms materials ferromagnetic special form interaction called exchange coupling occurs adjacent atoms molecules coupling magnetic moments rigid parallelism purely quantum effect explained terms classical physics temperature raised critical called curie temperature exchange coupling suddenly disappears materials simply paramagnetic iron curie temperature evidently property individual atom ion interaction atom ion neighbors crystal lattice solid study magnetization ferromagnetic material iron convenient form toroidal doughnut shaped ring fig primary coil turns unit length wrapped coil essentially solenoid bent circle carries current ip find magnetic field toroidal space eq
measure large velocity directly deal small interval base line idea suggests astronomy involves distances provide experimental speed light ole danish astronomer working paris observations moons jupiter problem speed light deduced fifty later james bradley english astronomer observations entirely kind obtaining actually speed light known terrestrial measurements measure distances solar system laser pulses reflected mirrors moon microwave pulses reflected venus today provide distances bodies louis french physicist measured speed light method obtaining figure shows apparatus let ignore toothed wheel light source converge lens reflected mirror forms space image source mirror called half silvered mirror reflecting coating thin half light falls reflected half transmitted light image enters lens emerges parallel beam passing lens reflected original direction mirror experiment distance km light strikes mirror transmitted entering eye observer lens
experiment suggests strong force simply called character pair nuclear constituents neutrons protons refer neutrons protons collectively nucleons specifically need distinguish strong force short range means attractive force pairs nucleons drops rapidly separations greater critical turn means smallest nuclei interact nucleons nucleus nearest neighbors contrast coulomb force short range force proton nucleus exerts coulomb repulsion protons matter large separation problem nuclei protons neutrons number protons nucleus seen called atomic number represented number neutrons called neutron number represent total number nucleons called mass number represent total number nucleons identifying superscript labeling nuclides nucleons symbol br tells dealing bromine remaining nucleons neutrons figure shows chart nuclides plot circle representing filled black circles represent stable nuclides filled colored circles represent radioactive nuclides stable half lives greater arbitrarily chosen open circles represent half lives
suppose wish design nuclear reactor based present reactors fission slow neutrons fuel reactors artificially enriched makes percent uranium nuclei occurs natural uranium average neutrons produced fission thermal neutron consumed difficulties making chain reaction difficulties solutions percentage neutrons produced simply leak reactor core lost chain reaction reactor leakage surface effect magnitude proportional square typical reactor core dimension sphere neutron production volume effect proportional cube typical dimension sphere fraction neutrons lost leakage small wish making reactor core large decreasing surface volume ratio sphere neutrons produced fission fast neutrons kinetic energies mev fission induced effectively slow neutrons fast neutrons slowed mixing uranium fuel substance properties effective causing neutrons lose kinetic energy elastic collisions absorb neutrons excessively removing fission chain substance called moderator power reactors country today water moderator hydrogen nuclei protons effective moderating element chapter neutrons captured nuclei ways result fission capture emission ray common possibility
pre sr days vexing question speed light respect speed measured sound waves air answer simple respect medium air sound wave travels light travels vacuum tenuous medium light carrying ether plays role light air sound ether exists detect alternatively measured respect source emits light attempts experimental lines failed completely rr sections einstein bold postulate speed light inertial frames note ether needed involved postulate means consider light sources rest respect moving speed say moving speed measure speed light sources postulate tested directly rr moving light source neutral pions generated proton synchrotron speeds elementary particles disintegrate emitting rays light electromagnetic character travel speed speed measured radiation emitted fast moving sources experimental error einstein postulate predicts conclusions sr simply don reasonable basis everyday experience einstein postulate violate common sense
assume course chemistry learn chemistry digestion food mixture cement water sets hardens complex processes understand learn chemistry simpler substances learning play piano student start rachmaninoff prelude minor music student learn play scales simple pieces months practice individual play music masters chemistry learn fundamental principles simple substances water oxygen understanding behavior substances allow understand chemical behavior complex materials science chemistry broad expert aspects study branches chemistry separately chemist specialize branches subject ago believed inanimate matter living matter entirely natures origins inanimate matter referred inorganic meaning living matter material derived living matter called organic german chemist named friedrich wohler heated material known inorganic obtained substance chemists recognized product formed processes distinction inorganic organic broke terms meanings early days living matter carbon chemically combined hydrogen chemistry chemical compounds carbon hydrogen origin called organic chemistry
relation theory facts simple frequently misunderstood relation conveniently illustrated case consideration careful investigation number chemical compounds shown elements occur proportion led belief true chemical compound investigation showed surmise correct law definite proportions pure compound elements combined definite proportions weight au note proposed law simply statement found true cases examined involves speculation statement fact statement law open doubt reason cases examined hold true unexamined cases reply found true large number cases cases investigated true present knowledge demand law investigation led discovery law multiple proportions elements combine ratio amounts element combine amount simple ratio au note statement found true cases investigated law definite proportions sense statement fact ask explanation laws
charles law applies volume temperature pressure amount gas constant gas heated expands cooled contracts left balloon rubber raft bright sunlight seen burst temperature rises balloon raft expands eventually maximum volume reached temperature increases increasing pressure burst increase decrease gas volume found experiment celsius degree temperature change large range temperatures volume change close volume quantity gas suppose start ml oxygen increase temperature volume increase ml gas sample volume ml increase temperature celsius degree increase volume ml ml plotting volume versus temperature quantity gas constant pressure straight line showing volume temperature directly proportional relationship plot ideal gas drawn figure dashed portion plot illustrates logical conclusion observations ideal gas cooled disappear entirely experiment happen charles law accurate description gas behavior temperature decreases words lower temperatures gas ideal gas velocities molecules decrease spaces smaller real forces attraction exist molecules effect
story transition elements bit outer level electrons electrons lowest level filled period transition metals energy result addition electrons present electrons able part bond formation transition elements electron configurations electrons electrons valence electrons lewis symbol convenient notation showing outer electron configurations atoms electrons involved bonding compounds notation symbol element represents nucleus underlying filled energy levels atom lewis symbol outer electrons dots circles arranged atomic symbol pairing electrons orbital represented dots side symbol phosphorus atom table lewis symbols atoms period elements lewis symbols writing chemical formulas shown later sections noble gases fall end period periodic table group reactive elements section resistance chemical change chemical stability credited completely filled outer noble gases table chemical reactions tend occur ways lead substances stable original rule accounts formation chemical compounds means based observed stability compounds atoms noble gas atoms helium valence electrons
spectroscopy regions electromagnetic spectrum kinds information structure geometry molecules section overview learned molecule spectroscopy spectroscopy atoms discussed section radiation wavelengths excites molecules ways depending match energy radiation energy types motion molecules atoms table summarizes phenomena induced radiation regions spectrum spectroscopic techniques increasingly sophisticated allowing accumulation knowledge molecules major advance coupling computers permitting direct conversion spectral data form desired major advance advent lasers radiation sources spectroscopy laser device produces intense beam coherent radiation radiation single wavelength waves step high light intensity fine tuning wide range wavelengths allowed detection single isotopes single atoms laser spectroscopy electrons nuclei spin properties magnetic properties low energy wavelength end spectrum region magnetic component radiation interacts nuclei nuclear magnetic resonance nmr spectroscopy measures absorption radiofrequency radiation nuclei information location nuclei molecules tools chemistry nuclear magnetic resonance chapter microwave radiation induces variations entire molecules rotate axes correlation microwave spectra components molecular rotation bond lengths bond angles simple molecules determined
protons neutrons collectively called nucleons packed tightly nucleus result volume nucleus directly proportional mass nuclei spherical slightly football shape nuclear radii order cm times smaller atomic radii nuclei roughly extremely high density cm pocket matchbox full platinum weighs half kilogram comparable volume matter density nuclei weigh kg nuclear force force attraction nucleons acts protons neutrons protons neutrons force hold positively charged protons uncharged neutrons closely absence negative charge stronger coulomb forces electrons protons fact nuclear force strongest force discovered exact nature nuclear force known interest mainly nuclear force strong times coulomb repulsion cm short range extending distance cm figure shows potential energy proton approaches neutron proton distances greater cm protons repel reach distance nuclear force attraction takes neutron proton repel attract reach distance nuclear force act law conservation energy law conservation mass apply ordinary chemical reactions discussed chapters
sample mud suspension water stirring soon stirring stopped larger particles fall bottom vessel smaller particles remain suspension settle particles remain suspended water days indefinitely mixture cloudy individual particles seen powerful magnification mixture clarified passing conventional filter mixture small particles remain dispersed indefinitely called colloidal dispersion simply colloid terms solute solvent colloid speak dispersing medium dispersed substance dispersed phase illustrated section states matter serve capacity strictly speaking colloid substance suspended particles larger molecules small seen optical microscope size range colloidal particles clearly defined set nm nm colloidal produced particles breaking larger aggregates condensation smaller particles colloidal dispersion brightly illuminated beam light angles line sight examined microscope individual particles seen detected tiny flashes light dancing liquid motion called motion discoverer robert brown constant irregular discovery motion known theories advanced explain brown suggesting dancing particles alive
high flammability hydrogen requires handled care hydrogen burns hot nearly invisible flame mixtures air volume air hydrogen volume potentially explosive ignited spark static electricity hydrogen hazardous materials natural gas routinely handled transported safety shipped rail liquid held low temperatures tank cars equipped specially designed insulation density gaseous hydrogen low air excellent buoyancy balloons crossing atlantic ocean hydrogen filled airship hindenburg caught fire passing electrical storm destroyed loss lives disaster permanently impressed public hydrogen dangerous material led helium hydrogen airships experiment demonstrates flammability explosive properties hydrogen illustrated figure electron configuration hydrogen atom table hydrogen atom electron simplest atom hydrogen molecule atoms bonded simplest neutral diatomic molecule hydrogen intermediate electronegativity table bonding achieve stable helium configuration sharing electron covalent bond gaining electron form hydride ion hydrogen atom shares electrons easily forms covalent compounds gains electrons readily combination metals easily lose electrons hydrogen assigned oxidation compounds ionic na oxidation
elementary reactions applies general reactions solution occasionally reactions molecular level reactions solution differ gas phase reactions reactants reactants simply interact briefly separate coming slowed surrounding solvent molecules called solvent cage frequency collisions isolated molecules lower gas phase reactants close trapped solvent cage collide times short space figure interestingly effects offset attraction repulsion solvent molecules reactants reactions similar rates gas phase solution reactions ions aqueous solution generally fast reactions diffusion controlled activation energy close cases rate reaction limited takes ions diffuse water encounter formation water diffusion controlled rate process expressed amount change unit car travel rate km water flow pipe rate min chemical reaction quantities changing amounts reactants products concentration reactants decreases concentration products increases figure reaction rate defined change concentration reactant product unit
point students ask entropy microscopic atom atom molecule molecule level entropy represents number ways particles arranged statistical probability disorder entropy system increased raising temperature kinetic energy molecules increases move rapidly greater disorder system wondering exothermic reaction internal energy system decreases spontaneous remember law deals entropy universe energy released exothermic reaction transferred surroundings temperature surroundings increases contributing increase entropy universe required spontaneous change mathematical techniques dealing probability applied calculation entropy yield results agree observed entropy system increases number ways individual atoms molecules ions arranged respect increases number states individual particle ways molecule rotate vibrate figure dynamic chemical systems entropy increases number particles increases particles move freely faster ways randomly mixed conditions held constant significant increases entropy chemical system accompany types physical change figure increase temperature discussed change vaporization melting mixing substances expansion gas
electrode immersed electrolyte medium ions flow electrolytes zinc copper cell aqueous solutions zinc sulfate copper ii sulfate electrolytes molten salts solids media paste desirable electrolytes separated electrical circuit complete pathway provided ions flow cell discussed salt bridge connects electrolyte solutions permits happen electrode surrounding electrolyte copper electrode copper sulfate solution figure half cell half reaction occurs half cell electrode reaction case cu electrical circuit complete current carried electrodes external circuit electrons electrolytes salt bridge ions chemical reaction occurs surfaces electrodes figure electron gain loss occur allow current flow spontaneous reaction electrochemical cell continues reactants products equilibrium cell figure oxidation occurs zinc electrode zinc atoms lose electrons form ions reduction occurs copper electrode cu ions electrolyte gain electrons form metallic copper reaction proceeds zinc electrode erodes electrons flow zinc electrode external circuit copper electrode copper ii solution loses blue color fresh copper deposited copper electrode current flowing external circuit principle perform drive motor
chemistry textbooks types interactions dynamic chemical systems examine principles heats reaction turn gases liquids solids dissolve say kinetics types equilibria order topics varies considered isolation comes chemistry real circumstances change chemistry applies simultaneously acid base reactions redox reactions dissolution precipitation evaporation condensation corrosion reactions interfaces happen things list redox processes important natural body water includes twenty equilibria chemistry systems fascinating complicated proceed study chemistry elements look briefly examples complex systems chemistry halogens subject chapter opportunity nature systems halogen simple practical applications halogens emphasized bleaching swimming pool chemistry illustrate varied interactions acids ions members fluorine family fluorine chlorine cl bromine br iodine astatine collectively called halogens word halogen comes greek words meaning salt group electron configuration ns np electron short octet table free elemental halogens form diatomic molecules complete sharing single unpaired electrons room temperature pressure fluorine chlorine gases bromine liquid liquid nonmetallic element iodine metallic appearing low melting solid readily
metal atoms bonded compound spoken metal cluster metal clusters kinds metal atoms joined platinum atom boned tin atoms figures clusters large studied structures beautiful figure cluster compounds received deal attention recent usefulness catalysts inorganic complexes seen show wide range properties extremely stable unstable colors colors constituents readily soluble water insoluble medium dissolve easily nonpolar solvents benzene volatile proper tailoring complex molecule ion combination properties built wide range properties complexes ways essential processes natural environment soil weathering agents depend ability selectively dissolve tie metal ions remove solution calcium magnesium iron ions removed hard water agents analytical chemistry ion interfere analysis held solution complex ions detected removed precipitates agent frequently solution metal end point detected color change agent
low temperatures amorphous polymer glass small groups side chains move glasses rigid brittle shatter struck mass frozen worms temperature increases increasingly larger portions molecules move called glass transition temperature dramatic increase flexibility polymer free volume allow cooperative motion large segments polymer chains mechanical electrical properties change glass transition temperatures polymers flexible rubbery temperature increases independent motion polymer chains increasingly easier temperatures thermoplastic polymers molded transformed desired shapes increase mobility increasing temperature applies amorphous regions polymer complete molecules occur melting point crystalline region reached act cross links inhibiting mobility chains rigid plastics glass transition temperatures temperatures polystyrene hard clear plastic housewares plastic lenses styrofoam room temperature hand polymers applications require flexibility temperature butyl rubbers tacky substance room temperature chewing gum caulking compounds adhesive oil additive nice demonstration utilization specific polymer properties
key ability dna preserve genetic information pass generation generation double stranded structure deduced james watson francis crick discovery inaugurated field molecular biology led today headlines cloning genetic engineering dna molecule likened spiral staircase apt comparison strictly speaking shape helical spiral strand coiled helix strands wind common axis forming famous double helix structure figure sides staircase sugar phosphate backbones lie molecule presence phosphate groups fact makes nucleic acids acidic bases lie backbones center structure form steps staircase bases flat lie perpendicular axis double helix base joined base opposite strand hydrogen bonds individually bonds weak number dna molecule stability sizes bases location groups participate hydrogen bonding adenine pair thymine similarly guanine present strand hydrogen bonded cytosine opposite strand figure means base sequences strands independent strands complementary sequence strand strand completely determined strands carry information sense photographic print negative carry information reconstruct
philosophical aspect theoretical aspect chemistry began classical greece foundation greek science search principles understanding nature obtained theories greeks important centuries concept terrestrial substances composed elements earth air fire water proportions originated greek philosophers period theory matter consists separate distinct units called atoms proposed leucippus extended democritus century plato proposed atoms element differ shape atoms believed atoms element changed atoms changing shape atoms concept found aristotle theories aristotle believe existence atoms proposed elements substances composed primary matter differ forms primary matter assumes aristotle form included shape qualities color hardness distinguish substance proposed form constantly occur nature material things animate inanimate grow develop immature forms adult forms middle ages believed minerals grow mines replenished minerals removed philosophical tradition ancient greece craft tradition ancient egypt met alexandria egypt city founded alexander alchemy result union early alchemists egyptian techniques handling materials investigate theories concerned nature matter
relative mass carbon atom derived carbon monoxide consists approximately parts mass oxygen parts mass carbon oxygen atom combined carbon atom compound masses oxygen atom carbon atom stand ratio approximately based derived oxygen atom approximate relative mass carbon atom notice types information needed apply dalton method successfully combining ratio mass elements compound combining ratio numbers atoms elements atomic combining ratios dalton chemists passed difficulty discovered correct set relative atomic masses developed section present determined instruments known mass section means chemical analysis dalton errors assigning relative atomic masses credit introducing concept recognizing importance relative masses atoms serves cornerstone chemical stoichiometry values called atomic weights term literally correct refers masses weights term sanctioned usage relative atomic weight scale based arbitrary assignment atom chosen standard dalton hydrogen atom standard assigned later chemists naturally occurring oxygen standard set atomic weight equal exactly
modern atomic theory provided foundation modern chemistry built understanding atomic structure ways atoms interact central understanding chemistry individual atoms weighed measured examined directly indirect evidence develop atomic theory nineteenth century scientists wilhelm ostwald believe atoms exist michael faraday thought atomic theory convenient concept represent reality ludwig boltzmann believed physical existence atoms atoms real imaginary open question late debate attended noted international scientists held st louis fair ostwald argued existence atoms van boltzmann defended side dalton theory theories greeks atoms regarded smallest components matter end nineteenth century began atom composed smaller particles change viewpoint brought experiments electricity english chemist humphry davy discovered elements potassium sodium calcium strontium barium electricity decompose compounds led davy propose elements held compounds attractions electrical nature michael faraday ran important series experiments chemical electrolysis compounds decomposed electricity faraday studied relationship amount electricity amount compound decomposed formulated laws chemical electrolysis section basis faraday george proposed units electrical charge atoms
simple theory covalent bonding presented chapter shortcomings lewis structures based octet rule drawn molecules bonded polyatomic ions theory presented fails account important aspect subject shapes molecular geometry covalent species chapter discussion covalent bonding extended theory molecular orbitals bonding orbitals extend molecules presented seen ions exist noble gas configurations ions stable molecules exist atoms configurations octet principle lead expect molecules odd number valence electrons molecule total eleven valence electrons atom atom molecule seventeen valence electrons atom twelve atoms impossible divide odd number electrons atom molecule high configuration electrons number stable odd electron molecules odd electron species reactive short lived common molecules number valence electrons atoms valence shells electrons molecule atom valence electrons molecule atom bonded cl atoms atom ten valence shell atom twelve valence electrons atom forms single covalent bonds atoms
kinetic theory gases model explain regularity observed behavior gases daniel bernoulli explained boyle law assuming pressure gas results collisions gas molecules walls container bernoulli explanation constitutes early simple expression key aspects kinetic theory theory enlarged developed middle nineteenth century scientists notably clausius maxwell boltzmann kinetic theory gases includes postulates gases consist molecules widely separated space actual volume individual molecules negligible comparison total volume gas word molecule designate smallest particle gas gases noble gases consist uncombined atoms gas molecules constant rapid straight line motion collide walls container energy transferred molecule collisions kinetic energy energy motion lost average kinetic energy molecules gas depends temperature increases temperature increases temperature molecules gases average kinetic energy attractive forces gas molecules negligible gas laws explained kinetic theory consider boyle law according theory gas pressure caused molecular collisions walls container number molecules unit volume molecular concentration increased higher pressure result larger number collisions unit reducing volume gas crowds molecules smaller space produces higher molecule concentration proportionately higher pressure
temperature pressure phase diagram water conveniently illustrates conditions water exist solid liquid vapor conditions bring water figure schematic representation water system drawn scale features exaggerated important details easily seen substance phase diagram describes systems equilibrium diagrams derived experimental observations diagram figure relates called component system pertains behavior water absence substance part total pressure system diagram due pressure gas water vapor vapor pressure curves plotted figure measured air constant total pressure atm deviate slightly slightly vapor pressure curves figure vapor pressure water total pressure easiest interpret phase diagram water visualize total pressure acting system mechanical terms piston acting material system contained cylinder figure curve vapor pressure curve liquid terminates critical point point line describes set temperature pressure conditions liquid vapor exist equilibrium extension curve supercooled liquid systems liquid vapor points line metastable term metastable applied systems stable temperature question
collision theory reaction rates describes reactions terms collisions reacting molecules assume hypothetical gas phase reaction takes place collisions molecules shown figure molecule strike bonds break simultaneously bonds form ab leave scene collision rate reaction proportional number collisions occur interval calculations show number molecular collisions unit situation extremely large room temperature atm pressure collisions liter occur collision molecule resulted reaction process fraction reactions rapid collision lead reaction number collisions produce reactions called effective collisions small fraction total number collisions molecules reasons collision effective molecules improperly aligned figure collision gentle molecules rebound unchanged electron cloud molecule course negatively charged slow moving molecules approach closely rebound repulsion due charges electron clouds faster moving molecules deterred repulsion impact collision reaction occur effective collision sum energies colliding molecules equal exceed minimum
history chemistry acid base concepts proposed chapter concepts current reviewed definitions applied advantage circumstances situation chemist concept suits purpose earliest criteria characterization acids bases experimentally observed properties aqueous solutions acid defined substance water solution tastes sour turns litmus red neutralizes bases substance base aqueous solution tastes bitter turns litmus blue neutralizes acid concurrent development generalizations concerning structure matter scientists searched correlation acidic basic properties structure compounds exhibit properties svante arrhenius published chemical theory electrolytes proposed electrolyte ions water solutions basis acid defined compound produces ions water solution base compound produces ions water solution strength acid base determined extent compound dissolves water strong acid base completely note arrhenius concept based ions water net ionic equation neutralization arrhenius concept presented section oxides incorporated arrhenius scheme section oxides nonmetals react water form acids called acidic oxides acid anhydrides oxides metals dissolve water form hydroxides metal oxides called basic oxides base anhydrides
reality bronsted concept enlarges definition base acid bronsted system base molecule ion unshared electron pair attract hold proton acid substance supply proton base molecule ion share electron pair proton thing substances gilbert lewis proposed broader concept acids bases liberated acid base phenomena proton lewis proposed system develop lewis defined base substance unshared electron pair form covalent bond atom molecule ion acid substance form covalent bond accepting electron pair base emphasis shifted lewis concept proton electron pair covalent bond formation acid base reaction treated acid base concept lewis acids bases type suitable indicators traditional acids bases substances bases bronsted system bases according lewis concept lewis definition acid considerably expands number substances classified acids lewis acid empty orbital capable receiving electron pair base proton single lewis acid chemical species function lewis acids include
cell source electrical energy called voltaic cell galvanic cell alessandro volta luigi galvani experimented conversion chemical energy electrical energy reaction metallic zinc copper ii ions solution illustrative spontaneous change electrons transferred exact mechanism electron transfer occurs known represent reaction combination half reactions voltaic cell half reactions occur electrodes transfer electrons takes place external electrical circuit directly zinc metal copper ii ions cell diagrammed figure designed reaction produce electric current half cell left zinc metal electrode solution half cell consists copper metal electrode solution half cells separated porous partition prevents mechanical mixing solutions permits passage ions influence flow electricity cell type called cell zinc copper electrodes joined wire electrons flow zinc electrode copper electrode zinc electrode zinc metal oxidized zinc ions electrode anode electrons product oxidation leave cell pole table electrons travel external circuit copper electrode reduction copper ii ions metallic copper copper produced plates electrode
elements group vii fluorine chlorine bromine iodine astatine called halogens halogen derived greek means salt elements exception astatine occur extensively nature form halide salts astatine occurs nature extremely small amounts short lived intermediate natural radioactive decay processes meager information chemistry astatine comes study small amounts radioactive isotope element prepared nuclear reactions electronic configurations halogens listed table halogen atom electron noble gas follows periodic classification marked tendency part halogen atom attain noble gas configuration formation ion single covalent bond positive oxidation states exist elements fluorine properties halogens summarized table symbol stands halogen notice ordinary conditions halogens exist diatomic molecules single covalent bond joining atoms molecule molecules held solid liquid states london forces halogen molecules largest electrons surprising intermolecular attractions molecules strongest highest melting point boiling point ordinary temperatures pressures solid liquid gases group ionization energy decreases increasing atomic radius expected manner ionization energy fluorine highest group iodine lowest group
liquid sulfur undergoes series temperature increased melting point liquid sulfur light yellow mobile liquid consisting principally molecules continued heating sulfur red brown highly viscous material viscosity reaches maximum heating boiling point viscosity liquid decreases believed viscosity effect caused dissociation rings formation chains atoms temperatures approaching boiling point appears chains break fragments sulfur heated approximately poured cold water red brown rubbery mass called plastic sulfur obtained assumed plastic sulfur consists mainly chains sulfur atoms ray analysis plastic sulfur shown molecular structure characteristic fibers room temperature plastic sulfur supercooled liquid slowly crystallizes rings re form sulfur vapor shown consist molecules paramagnetic stable modification selenium room temperature gray metallic hexagonal form crystals constructed zigzag chains selenium atoms form photoelectric cells low electrical conductivity hexagonal selenium increased times exposure element light forms selenium red shown rings similar rings addition amorphous forms selenium common form consists silver white metallic hexagonal crystals built zigzag chains atoms
alcohol alcoholic beverages ethanol ethyl alcohol prepared fermentation starches sugars ethanol commercially prepared ethene indirect addition water olefins means sulfuric acid general method preparing alcohols synthesis ethanol proceeds steps alcohols prepared alkyl halides displacement nucleophilic substitution reactions important classification organic reactions includes reactions alkyl halides alcohols wide variety nucleophilic substances reactions reversible run conditions favor formation desired compound excess nucleophilic reagent employed product removed reaction mixture forms distillation mechanism proposed account reactions primary secondary halides alcohols mechanism illustrated reaction hydroxide ion methyl bromide hydroxide ion lewis base attacks carbon atom displaces bromide ion lewis base takes electron pair bonded attack ion takes place side carbon atom opposite bromine atom ion approaches begins form covalent bond bromide ion begins break activated complex reaction form nucleophilic groups partially bonded carbon atom reaction inversion geometric arrangement groups attached carbon atom process customarily compared inversion umbrella high wind
amino acids provide examples type called optical section simplest optical isomers compounds chiral carbon atoms carbon atoms kinds groups bonded figure mirror image called molecule type original molecule structures shown figure mirror reflections dashed line represents reflection plane start group structure left trace shortest distance reflection plane continue reflection plane distance group found structure study figure reveals structures superimposed groups structures superimposed group structure coincides group matter structures turned impossible groups structure coincide groups structure structures isomers physical properties optical isomers identical effects plane polarized light figure isomers optically active rotate plane plane polarized light clockwise counterclockwise direction isomer rotates plane clockwise dextrorotatory isomer rotates plane equal amount left levorotatory exception glycine equals carbon atoms amino acids kinds groups bonded chiral optical isomers exist amino acids
enzymes amazingly efficient turnover number enzyme number moles reactant transformed min action enzyme turnover numbers vary mol min mol min values high small amount enzyme required cell actions enzymes permits cell reactions occur rapidly low temperature body ph comparable reactions run laboratory aid enzymes require higher temperatures addition acids bases substrate enzyme compound acts designate enzyme substrate product reaction process follows es formed enzyme substrate considered activated complex reaction catalytic effect brought significant lowering energy activation reaction section enzymes surface catalysts globular proteins larger substrate act reaction occurs active site surface enzyme substrate held active site hydrogen bonding ionic attraction type chemical interaction contour active site fits shape substrate exactly active site conformation fit substrate molecule attached process bonds substrate stretched weakened reaction facilitated products reaction leave active site free bind substrate molecule
question procedure regard definition force difficulties newton mechanics law true fails hold electromagnetic forces interacting bodies rapidly accelerated fact fails forces propagate body finite velocities fortunately development based laws law explicitly noted results obtained valid extent law holds difficulty concepts newtonian mechanics perfectly clear precise concepts theory develop theory outstanding fact specification coordinate system respect accelerations mentioned laws measured newton recognized difficulty found satisfactory correct coordinate system formulate laws say coordinate system respect hold leaving experiment determine correct coordinate system shown laws hold coordinate system hold coordinate system moving uniformly respect called principle newtonian relativity proved section reader find difficulty proving assumptions classical physics behavior measuring instruments unaffected motion rapidly accelerated principle devise instruments measure quantity small error
force known equation motion order ordinary differential equation unknown function force known function variables motion dynamical system dynamical variables system course functions definite cases dynamical variable force known bear functional relationship combination gravitational force acting body falling height earth known function height earth frictional drag body depend speed density air height earth atmospheric conditions changing depend known functions substituted give function general eq solved function motions particle case depend variables eq definite differential equation solved general type order ordinary differential equation concerned chapter studying solutions applications mechanical problems
resulting dielectric constant energy absorption versus frequency plotted fig dielectric constant constant greater low frequencies increases approach resonant frequency falls region anomalous dispersion strong absorption electromagnetic radiation rises approaching high frequencies index refraction follow similar curve precisely sort behavior exhibited matter forms glass constant dielectric constant low frequencies region visible light index refraction increases frequency opaque band ultraviolet rays transmitted index refraction slightly realistic model transmitting medium result assuming resonant frequencies electrons bound values spring constant picture capable explaining features experimental curves versus frequency qualitative agreement formulas agree quantitatively experimental results provided constants properly chosen material likewise shapes absorption lines spectra gases fit formula success theory reasons adoption jelly model atom electrons imagined embedded positively charged jelly oscillated harmonic oscillators experiments rutherford forced physicists adopt planetary model atom model unable explain qualitatively optical electromagnetic properties matter advent quantum mechanics
orbits comets occasionally observed move sun cases elongated ellipses present known comets solar system case initially parabolic orbits comets orbits known elliptical irregular periods due gravitational pull larger planets occasionally pass close encounters larger planets comet follow fairly closely path eq encounter motion disturbed constants oo values encounter noted section expect general bounded orbits arising attractive central force closed fig closed orbits circular orbits arise period radial oscillations equal exact rational multiple period revolution special forms function inverse square law orbits closed change inverse square law change exponent addition term inversely proportional expected lead orbits closed change small orbits approximately elliptical period revolution slightly greater slightly period radial oscillations orbit approximately ellipse major axis rotates slowly center force
law conservation total angular momentum including rotation astronomical terrestrial bodies justified regarding body system smaller particles mutual forces satisfy newton law strong form argument section law conservation total angular momentum rotational angular momentum body appearing ordinary orbital angular momentum particles composed argument subject criticism applied case linear momentum particles body composed atoms molecules newton law hold strong form laws quantum mechanics apply particles addition atoms molecules possess rotational angular momentum account elementary particles electrons protons neutrons possess intrinsic angular momentum orbital motion angular momentum called spin angular momentum analogy intrinsic angular momentum rotation macroscopic body included total satisfy conservation law arrive ideal simple particle newtonian mechanics position left choice accepting conservation law angular momentum basic postulate appealing justification theories classical mechanics gravitational forces acting astronomical bodies conservative principle conservation mechanical energy holds accurately astronomy principle small loss mechanical energy solar system due friction interplanetary dust rocks effect small produce observable effects planetary motion high precision astronomical events predicted observed
determine values results collision particle mass scattering angle known determined uniquely essentially method chadwick establish existence neutron unknown neutral particles created nuclear reaction allowed impinge matter nuclei known masses energies kinds nuclei masses projected forward head collisions measured writing eq cases unknown energy eliminated mass found practically equal proton seen initial momenta colliding particles known masses angle scattering quantities involved collision calculated conservation laws predict angles scattering initial momenta initial trajectories law force particles collision particles acted central inverse square law force treated section predictions collisions macroscopic astronomical bodies suitable assumptions law force atomic particles obey quantum mechanics predict probabilities observing angles initial conditions predict cross sections cases energy conserved relationships energies momenta angles scattering developed valid particle velocities comparable velocity light
horizontal beam subject vertical forces simplest examples structure subject shearing forces bending moments simplify problem consider case beam compression tension assume beam constructed forces applied beam bends vertical plane torsion twisting axis beam find stresses beam knowledge external forces determine distortion beam due stresses points beam located coordinate measured horizontally left end beam fig let vertical forces act distances left end force positive directed upward let plane perpendicular beam distance end according theorem section system forces exerted plane material left equivalent single force point plane couple torque note applying theorem treating plane rigid body assuming cross sectional plane distorted forces acting case considering compression tension forces vertical directed vertically define shearing force vertical force acting left positive force directed upward negative downward
velocity acceleration equation unaffected relocate origin coordinates convenient point surface earth equation applies motion particle mass surface earth relative local coordinate system rest earth surface unfamiliar term coriolis force acts moving particle reader convince calculations force comparatively small ordinary velocities dr dt instructive try working direction coriolis force directions motion places earth surface coriolis force major importance motion large air masses responsible fact northern hemisphere tornados cyclones circle direction south east north west northern hemisphere coriolis force acts deflect moving object winds blow low pressure area deflected circle low pressure area counterclockwise direction air mass circling low pressure left higher pressure needed balance coriolis force urging air mass move steadily direction high pressure balance coriolis force conversely pressure gradient surface earth tends develop winds moving angles prevailing westerly winds northern temperate zone atmospheric pressure equator greater poles earth surface
fixed coordinate system immediately conclude equilibrium points unstable force directed equilibrium point nearby points argument hold neglects coriolis force expand members powers displacements say equilibrium points say retain linear terms determine approximately motion equilibrium point point find linear approximation motion stable masses total mass problem motions point expect linear approximation yield solution valid times motions stable linear approximation truly stable sense remain point unsolved problems classical mechanics matter discussed end section difficult show linear approximation equilibrium points unstable motion linear approximation unstable exact solution certainly unstable regardless close initially equilibrium point general remain close move exponentially neglected nonlinear terms course eventually prevent solution going finite distance equilibrium point
important class mechanical problems equations comprises systems subject constraints rigid body system particles subject constraints constraint restriction freedom motion system particles form condition satisfied coordinates allowed coordinates simple hypothetical rigid body pair particles connected rigid weightless rod length particles subject constraint requires remain distance terms cartesian coordinates constraint coordinates center mass spherical coordinates locate particle respect particle origin constraint takes simple form coordinates left determine constraint expressed form equation enables eliminate coordinates choosing coordinates manner held constant constraint rigid body constraints require mutual distances pairs particles remain constant body particles pairs particles hard show sufficient mutual distances pairs replace cartesian coordinates particles mutual distances coordinates center mass coordinates describing orientation body mutual distances constant problem reduced finding motion terms coordinates
comparatively simply means writing equations motion system hamilton equations important general reasons provide starting point setting laws statistical mechanics quantum mechanics hamilton originally developed equations analogy similar mathematical formulation found optics surprising hamilton equations form starting point wave mechanics number methods solution mechanical problems based hamilton formulation equations motion clear derived hamilton equations equations valid set generalized coordinates momenta pf defined eq fact hamilton equations valid wider class coordinate systems obtained defining coordinates momenta functions original coordinates momenta basis utility hamilton equations solution mechanical problems discussion topics scope book prove general theorem section insight importance variables regard coordinates coordinates point dimensional space configuration space mechanical system point configuration space corresponds configuration parts mechanical system system moves point traces path configuration space path represents history system course paths pass configuration parts system velocities
coordinate system matrix diagonal form call diagonal property applies coordinate system change coordinates eq longer diagonal form diagonal form effect vector simply importance diagonal form lies fundamental theorem symmetric brought diagonal form transformation diagonal elements unique order axes unique proving important theorem let try understand significance theorem states symmetric choose coordinate axes represented diagonal matrix essentially diagonal form order diagonal elements element unique axis space diagonal elements equal axes coordinate system diagonal form called principal axes diagonal elements called characteristic values write element single subscript mean vector parallel principal axis called according eq property operation reduces multiplication ti principal axis ei parallel
physical law formulated form asserts scalars equal vectors equal components equations clearly form inertial coordinate systems say manifestly laws physics written terms scalars vectors fact vector algebra invented einstein paper tool found writing equations mechanics form inertial coordinate systems order prove discover special transformation laws physical quantities appearing equations complicated law velocity show explicit calculation transformation quantities equations equations form starred coordinate system set quantities determined kind measurement reference coordinate system define formal vector components coordinate system quantities components coordinate system calculated transformation formal vector general operational definition quantities measured coordinate system order define physical vector define quantities measured coordinate system definition coordinate system show relation quantities coordinate systems
seen addition masses particles reaction quantity reaction cross section defined function saw chapter classical mechanics convenient theoretical analyses center mass coordinate system true studying relativistic processes define center mass coordinate system total momentum find coordinate system vanishes problem center mass system component po mc mass reader recognize coefficients transformation equations vectors coordinates problem finding center mass system identical algebraically problem finding coordinate system events separated interval occur space point times experiments coordinate system initial particles say rest coordinate system called laboratory coordinate system quantity mass group particles total energy center mass coordinate system called center mass energy group particles produced reaction sum rest energies particles rest sum rest energies equals center mass energy
fascinating feature general theory relativity theory applied entire universe entire history universe large variety solutions einstein gravitational field equations solutions density matter universe uniform gravitational effects produce closed space total volume finite volume sphere point increases radius rapidly euclid formula eventually maximum radius volume equal total volume space light ray high speed particle eventually return neighborhood origin continued travel freely deflected absorbed situation principle verified astronomical observations turn universe homogeneous sense density galaxies parts counting number galaxies seen function distance galaxy effectively measure volume large sphere function radius unfortunately observations difficult interpret appears universe homogeneous sense defined turns static solutions einstein gravitational field equations unstable theory effectively predicts universe expanding contracting observations agree prediction appears universe expanding expand indefinitely reach maximum size contract depends according theory mean density matter measured sufficient precision determine answer question
identified fundamental properties describe objects phenomena table dimensions weight descriptive fundamental properties length mass buying table chief interest purchaser length width dimensions table unknown determined naturally measure suppose person asked measure dimensions tabletop person report tabletop chair wide chairs report tabletop feet feet table physical dimensions matter measurements expressed reports difference expressed measurements difference standards reference case dimensions tabletop compared length chair case ruler possibly yardstick chair ruler standards fundamental property length reported units chair foot fundamental property standard unit measurement arbitrary measurement quantitative description fundamental property physical phenomenon standard set standard units combinations describe physical properties called system units chair unit measure bit strange important point learned choose ruler foot standard unit typical answer
aristotelian view divided motion material bodies parts natural unnatural violent natural motion consistent nature body recall greeks considered objects nature composed basic elements earth air fire water heavy things stones naturally fell light things smoke naturally rose celestial objects moved naturally circular orbits believed external influences required produce natural motions motions objects composition naturally ultimate natural bodies considered rest stone naturally fallen ground rest subsequent motion require external influence push lift push produce unnatural motion influence called force motion result force apparent aristotle natural motions involve forces concept force alluded previous chapters applying force produce motion change motion spoke terms applying acceleration object acceleration evidence force evidence interaction identify force body accelerate say definition concept force body force acting force capable producing motion change motion magnitude direction acceleration force vector quantity undoubtedly think examples forces examples commonly cited include gravitational force section produces acceleration due gravity force exert muscles form push pull
cases center mass object found symmetry case spherical object homogeneous mass distributed evenly intuitively obvious center mass center symmetry dumbbell weights equal apparent center mass midway weights case uniformly distributed linear mass experience center mass center symmetry illustrated fig location center mass irregularly shaped object evident difficult calculate center mass irregularly shaped object determined experimentally freely points object mass object considered concentrated center mass weight center mass center weight center gravity concept discussed fully chapter moment thought convince reader center mass center gravity lies vertically point suspension analogous particle mass string object points marking vertical reference line center mass lie intersection reference lines locates center mass illustrated flat object fig center mass object object point body object examples case illustrated fig
rockets deserve special attention means space travel prime examples conservation momentum addition rocket incorporates overlooked case object varying mass motion rocket result jet propulsion reaction object rearward ejection jet particles rocket action observed inflated toy balloon released reaction force escaping jet air propels balloon zigzag flight case rocket burning fuel propellant board rocket supplies jet exhaust gases reaction force exerted rocket gas particles ejected exhaust force rocket forward acceleration important point realize mass rocket decreases propellant burned gases ejected previously considered mass object constant applying newton law ma rate change mass account consider system consist rocket exhaust gases total mass system conserved analyze motion rocket convenient consider velocities identified fig velocity velocity rocket relative fixed coordinate system relative earth velocity velocity exhaust gases relative rocket exit velocity exhaust gases seen observer board rocket vector sum velocity exhaust gases relative fixed coordinate system
equilibrium particle rigid body stable unstable neutral gravitational field examples types equilibrium illustrated fig stable equilibrium occurs gravitational potential energy minimum unstable equilibrium occurs gravitational potential energy maximum neutral equilibrium potential energy constant particle stable equilibrium displacement equilibrium position results restoring force tends return particle equilibrium position particle unstable equilibrium displaced equilibrium position experience force takes particle farther equilibrium position cases gravitational force particle gravity particle neutral equilibrium displaced considerations applied rigid body center gravity fig rigid body stable equilibrium resting surface slip external force body raises center gravity increases potential energy restoring force torque tend return object equilibrium position seen fig unstable equilibrium occurs potential energy center gravity maximum occurs cone edge point displacement direction result torque center gravity turn produce rotation axis contact line cone topple lying side cone neutral equilibrium looking rigid body stable equilibrium center gravity lies vertically base support fig
simple machines transmit energy motion velocity involved convenient consider power transmission power transmitted mechanical coupling devices shafts belts gears shaft electric motor rigidly coupled wheel power transferred wheel arrangement essentially wheel axle advantage machine combinations allow multiply speed output common method varying speed power transfer pulleys belts illustrated fig belt wheel smooth rim leather rubber material pulley applications belts belt comes shape cross section belt rubber material wire reinforcement friction sides belt pulley grooves prevents slipping pulleys fig size belt slippage angular velocity pulleys driving pulley larger output pulley output pulley greater angular velocity driven input pulley output pulley rotation driving pulley rotation suppose radius output pulley radius driving input pulley ri rotation driving pulley belt move distance di belt move smaller output pulley equal distance ro angular distance output pulley rotates
open glass tube small bore called capillary held vertically end surface water open container water rise capillary atmospheric pressure water surfaces container tube water rise capillary obviously net upward force sustains weight water capillary column rise liquid capillary called capillary action upward force result cohesive adhesive molecular forces neglected previous discussion cohesive forces forces attraction molecules cohesion greatest solid substances molecular attraction solids rigidity strength liquids cohesive forces appreciable sufficient allow liquid maintain definite shape cohesive forces molecules gas essentially negligible practical purposes adhesive forces forces attraction unlike molecules adhesive forces adhesives glue bind surfaces instances adhesive forces stronger cohesive forces materials glued pulled dried glue stick surface materials part material surface pulled dried glue surface surface liquid cohesive forces liquid molecules give rise phenomenon called surface tension net cohesive force molecules body liquid cohesive forces surrounding molecules cancel fig
process change thermodynamic coordinates system processes reversible irreversible mechanically think rolling ball incline rolling reversible process bursting balloon irreversible process thermodynamic sense terms meaning thermodynamically reversible process process path known basically closely approximate reversible process place sufficiently slowly rapid process likely irreversible moving slowly set coordinates letting system equilibrium point system moved succession equilibrium states actual coordinates process path able reverse process known path temperature constant volume gas increased small amount pressure change increase tiny step reversed lowering temperature series small reversible processes system moved final known path returned original reversing small process succession hand large amount heat added system temperature increases rapidly pressure increase rapidly parts system temporarily values variables system final steady equilibrium internal fluctuations system process exactly initial final states process irreversible
combinations positive negative charges produce attractive repulsive electrical forces direction forces charges mutual interaction law charges unlike charges attract charges repel negatively charged body positively charged body experience mutually attractive electric forces negatively charged bodies positively charged bodies experience mutually repulsive electric forces fig existence types electrical interactions demonstrated means version simple device consists metal conductor gold aluminum foil leaves fig materials metals electrons free move called conductors substances wood rubber glass electrons free move called nonconductors insulators hard rubber rod rubbed piece fur glass rod rubbed piece silk rubber rod negatively charged glass rod positively charged terms model charge happens electrons fur rubbed transferred rubber rod electrons glass rod transferred silk positively charged object reflects deficiency negatively charged electrons fact insulating rods oppositely charged demonstrated law charges procedures illustrated fig charged rod brought uncharged drawing electrostatic force induces migration negatively charged electrons opposite charges bulb leaves called electrostatic induction leaves charges repel leaves spread
similar deflections due induced currents occur loop moved stationary magnet effect depends relative motion magnet coil experimentation shows degree deflection magnitude induced current depends speed relative motion fast total magnetic field loop increases decreases later clarified meant total field say induced current loop set induced electromotive force voltage due electromagnetic induction voltage depends rate change magnetic field loop magnet loop moved magnetic field loop change induced current observed produce varying magnetic field induced voltage stationary wire loop vary current stationary loop close loop fig switch illustrated arrangement closed current flow loop connected battery goes constant short magnetic field detector loop increases galvanometer deflects indicating induced current current flow constant battery loop galvanometer deflection observed similarly switch opened current magnetic field quickly decrease galvanometer deflection induced current opposite direction switch closed experiments michael faraday england independently joseph henry united states
voice communication high intelligibility range frequencies hz hz voice frequency components combined rf carrier upper lower side bands occupy frequency spectrum hz carrier frequency hz total band width channel khz simultaneous voice communications transmitted carrier frequencies modulated waves band widths khz achieve fidelity music sounds higher frequency components voice communications band widths khz required understand carrier frequencies radio stations geographic area close radio dial distant stations interfere federal government regulates assigned radio frequencies transmission power determines station broadcast area station signal received suitable reception intensity reception distance varies atmospheric conditions side bands communication information bands transmitted techniques exist case radio broadcasting bands transmitted wire circuits telephone cables band suppressed save frequency space techniques pairs wires telephone cable transmit simultaneous voice communications transmission frequency band wires physical limitations greater frequency bands obtained conductors thousand simultaneous communications transmitted conductors transmission distances telephone signals amplified miles compensate line losses
explain colors seen oil film soap bubble consider reflections surfaces thin film illustrated fig convenience assume light normal incidence rays figure drawn angle illustration transmitted wave film wavelength wavelength air path length wave medium integral number wavelengths think waves reflected surfaces interfere constructively incident wave reflection air film interface experiences phase change film optically dense air reflected waves phase interference destructive light wavelength reflected totally transmitted similarly path length refracted wave odd number half wavelengths waves constructively interfere result phase change incident reflected wave light wavelength totally reflected film oil soap films thicknesses locations wavelengths colors interfere constructively location reflected wavelengths interfere destructively transmitted result observer sees light colors reflected areas film similar interference phenomena explain colors seen reflected glass slides stuck air film preceding discussion thin film interference readily seen mathematical analysis destructive interference imply energy destroyed destructive interference simply mathematical description fact light present location
alpha particles radioactive source scattering experiments led rutherford nuclear model section energies alpha particles radioactive sources order mev energy alpha particle emitted decay mev decay mev scattering experiments give important information size nucleus learned section repulsive positive coulomb potential nucleus falls distance nuclear charge nucleus potential due nuclear force strongly attractive negative represent condition versus diagram shown fig alpha particles emitted incident thin foil rutherford scattering takes place say scattering results potential barrier incident alpha particles energy overcome coulomb barrier scattered incident particle energy cross nuclear potential barrier enter nucleus nuclear reaction result consider chapter nucleus undergoes alpha decay emitting alpha particle kinetic energy mev fact appears contradict results scattering experiment lower energy alpha particles cross potential barrier higher energy incident alpha particles classically impossible quantum mechanics offer explanation recall section quantum mechanics predicts finite probability finding particle classically forbidden region result exponential tail region
difficult set maximum permissible radiation dosage general standard average dose rem yr age rem month period united states normal average annual dose capita comes natural background cosmic rays naturally occurring radioactive isotopes soil building materials remainder diagnostic medical applications rays miscellaneous sources television tubes luminous watch dials radiation therapeutic diagnostic purposes medical applications source radiation cancer treatment radium part decay series fig radium isolated uranium ore radium decays radon gas short lived isotopes sample sealed capsule radon gas escape decay series comes equilibrium capsule high intensity gamma source capsule stops alpha beta particles rays cancer treatment separation small amounts radium uranium ore costly consuming process madame curie found nuclear isotopes large quantities nuclear reactors isotope cobalt nucleus beta decays excited nucleus emits gamma rays reach stable convenient source gamma rays cancer treatment half lives radium cobalt capsules removed isotope short half activity decreases sufficiently seeds need removed fig
photon meson bosons noted particles groups exchange particles interaction forces baryons leptons photon transmits electromagnetic interaction antiparticle mesons part strong nuclear interactions discussed previously mesons kaons discovered shortly pions similar properties kaons pions act exchange particles strong interaction kaons times massive pions range virtual kaons smaller virtual pions unlike family neutral kaons antiparticle antiparticle neutral photon neutral meson recently discovered meson antiparticle list elementary particles table complete elementary particles discovered particles ultra short lifetimes difficult view particles present simply members elementary particle zoo role organization ultimate constituents matter known profusion elementary particles known fundamental forces particles interact sense look gravitational force glue holding celestial systems electromagnetic force holding atom strong nuclear force holding nucleus weak interaction mild adhesive elementary particle processes nature based important fundamental interactions matter closing study physics let review fundamental forces light learned expect
aided study physics teacher lectures laboratory course book physics textbook organized ways large extent find profitable stay specific aspects physics gain firm knowledge ability reason solutions problems follow honored sequence subjects introduce ideas modern physics earlier save final chapters sure aspects radiation radioactivity nuclear physics studied concentrated systematic aspects recent physics brought illustrative material classical fashioned physics dividing line drawn sharply law gravitation modern physics molecular theory heat modern physics half century arrived point segregated modern physics assimilated standard areas mechanics heat begin study mechanics ideas mechanics development branches physics sequence mechanics sound heat electricity light reasons standard phenomena sound mechanical vibrations material bodies study mechanics sound heat temperature related mechanical motions molecules study mechanics heat calculate pressure exerted molecules gas laws motion developed study mechanics
role force everyday familiar superfluous try define evident concept force pushes pulls sorts especially exerted muscles easily tagged word horse pulls wagon baby throws rattle motor raises elevator cage common examples force involving motion existence motion indication existence force horse exert force move heavy block stone baby push immovable wall produce motion force tension exerted elevator cable support cage stopped sixth floor study dynamics precise definition force obvious forces motion correlated motion motion caused pull gravity parked tractor trailer force causing motion star drifts majestically space questions puzzled natural philosophers centuries newton clearly stated change motion caused forces forces unchanging uniform motion requires force bodies inertia mean resist accelerated let define force acceleration material body object acted single force situation closely approximated acting forces larger
laws friction reasonable let look phenomenon static friction microscopic point view consider metal block weight resting table let coefficient static friction maximum force friction according definition force arise account roughness surface contact actually points points imagine hooklike action soon force small applied fig hooks deformed slightly exert elastic forces hooks actually welded intimate contact say force applied block remains static equilibrium means elastic frictional forces add exactly applied force increased block start move small hooks give deformed exert correspondingly larger horizontal force amounting exactly force friction exactly instance resultant unbalanced force block start move applied force increased finally comes hooks break happens total force reaches say maximum force static friction
small boys girls played tops centuries top symmetrical body spins axis observed point support direction axis points slowly fig rotational motion axis called phenomenon escaped notice observed spinning top top spins sharp point angular speed constant axis maintains constant angle vertical top end axis describes circle usual cases motion slow compared spin motion top assume follows questions answer top fall factors determine direction magnitude motion axis let fix attention simple top consisting bicycle wheel mounted axle wheel moment inertia axis spin velocity wish apply newton law motion system consider vector interpretation angular velocity torque fig convention spin velocity represented vector pointing axis direction ordinary handed screw advance screwdriver turned direction spin wheel spinning direction vector directed axis left angular accelerations represented vectors according hand screw rule
students word wave picture water waves moving lake flag undulating breeze periodic waves motions repeated regular intervals wave consist single disturbance repeated place pulses shock waves evidence high speed bullet sets air molecules rapid motion slow diffusion molecules original positions key word discussing waves disturbance reason types waves ways disturbing physical body substance water waves change position molecules disturbance surface rises falls sound waves consider pressure disturbance pressure remain constant point general wave defined propagation disturbance purpose find sorts disturbances commonly exist disturbances handed point point wave travels medium illustrate disturbance describing wave enthusiasm passes crowd waiting concert hall glimpse favorite performers word soon reaches rows crowd disturbance spreads definite rate rear echelons wave disturbance emotional pressure height temperature physical crowd medium wave moves mechanism wave moves rumor
study stationary waves strings air columns shown vibrating body set natural frequencies characteristic size shape body nature medium met natural frequencies simple pendulum single natural frequency reciprocal period mass end spring natural frequency vibration examples chap simpler discussed chapter pendulum vibrating object spring single natural frequency unlike string pipe infinite sequence natural frequencies child sitting swing set vibration friend applies impulses proper times experience tells small child give large amplitude vibration heavy playmate applying repeated small impulses times resonance building large vibration repeated application small impulses frequency equals natural frequencies resonating body child swing large amplitude built impulses applied natural period vibration swing slight frequency result vibration acoustic resonance occurs musical instruments sec auditoriums resonance helpful instance loudspeaker enclosure natural frequency hz sounds frequency amplified reproduced music unpleasant sound bridges known collapse mechanical resonance large vibrations built gusts wind ref end chapter
suppose open dish water room chap average molecules depends temperature greater instance incessant collisions head glancing molecules continually exchange energy temperature molecules speed motions random directions chance collisions resulting high low speeds instance molecules gang molecule give larger average speed instant molecules moving slowly acquired exceptionally high speeds faster molecules able escape liquid overcoming cohesive forces pulling surface spacecraft leaves earth fired upward sufficient speed case initial sufficient supply pe gained molecule spacecraft moves cohesive molecular force gravitational force case spacecraft account evaporation takes place bowl water left standing open explain evaporation cooling process molecules leave faster average left decreases arid regions desert travelers carry drinking water porous bags cooled evaporation looking viewpoint say heat vaporization required change liquid vapor supplied water bag
body charged induction positively charged rod brought neutral metal body mounted insulating stand fig free electrons metal attracted rod leaving excess positive charge opposite end body say charge induced end metal body course charge created merely separated equal opposite amounts test proof plane small metal disk ball insulating handle touching proof plane end sharing charge fig proof plane receives small positive charge sample charge sign charge proof plane tested aid item metal spheres initially uncharged hung silk threads touching charged induction fig spheres separated charge held bound rod considerable amount positive negative charge isolated induction experiment consists grounding end body negative charge held bound end charged rod action distance fig electrons flow earth end neutralize positive charge end fig removing earth connection negative charge spreads body net excess negative charge fig induced charges produced insulators separation charges impossible flow place
physicists today adhere detail faraday concept electric field forces sort product properties medium thing medium ether present vacuum mechanical properties miraculous morley experiment sec showed velocity light north south direction east west direction rotation earth continually taking easterly direction motions surely present earth revolves sun sun moves galaxy galaxy moves space experiment showed ether wind blowing past moving observer attempts prove existence ether failed faraday maxwell model lost ground discovery free electron accustomed think charged particles moving cyclotrons radio tubes transistors bombarding outer space form cosmic rays free particles cumbersome apparatus tubes force help faraday goes credit introducing emphasizing concept field reject idea ether think electric field property space requiring medium kind viewpoint pervades scientific thought recognize faraday contribution major history physics model describing forces act distance developed decades imagine boys standing carts fig playing game catch
large starting current motor familiar everyday car headlights dim starter operated house lights momentarily dim refrigerator furnace motor starts saw sec terminal voltage source current decreases current increases due ir drop internal resistance source refrigerator motor starts source consists floor socket including house wiring ignore resistance connecting wires case appreciable ir drop occurs house wiring large motor starting lamp plugged floor socket refrigerator dim terminal voltage equals refrigerator connected parallel motor display generator action generator behaves extent motor generator causing charges flow external circuit charges course flow armature charges flowing armature magnetic field experience torque according lenz law torque oppose applied torque generator turned torque exists complete circuit flow charges big generator turning full speed wrecked sudden attempt obtain large current consider generator link chain mechanical energy transformed electric energy eventually heat load lamp bulb
aspect applied electricity characteristic century technology field electronics end results television computers spectacular deeply ingrained contemporary culture touch ingenious devices circuits electronics illustrate general basic methods circuits electronics study simple solid devices diode transistor briefly mention vacuum tube counterparts vacuum diode triode chiefly special applications carriers charge semiconductor silicon germanium positive negative consider semiconductor materials let consider crystal silicon typical semiconductor table resistivity full understanding semiconductors requires knowledge quantum mechanics scope book turns pure silicon electron gain energy receives fixed amount energy energy gap small increases electron energy silicon crystal ruled energy gap makes silicon crystals semiconductors copper crystal energy gap electrons free receive amount energy matter small part conduction process semiconductor conductivity increases temperature rises mentioned sec thermal agitation help supply energy required electron gap true pure silicon
christian huygens versatile dutch physicist natural philosopher born newton mechanics pave newton achievements galileo credited developing pendulum clock invention prime importance science mechanics precise measurement intervals huygens firm believer wave theory light geometrical principle proof explain properties transmission light waves concentric circles formed stone dropped lake water waves spread fig called wave fronts circle represents crest circle circles circle trough general wave front defined locus points phase vibration points phase molecules wave front maximum displacement normal level likewise wave front particles maximum displacements normal level halfway wave front particles momentarily normal level moving upward technical word front unfamiliar meteorology cold front connect cities simultaneously experiencing sudden drop temperature wave spreads wave fronts advance case water wave radius circular wave front continuously increases huygens principle huygens construction tells predict wave front position earlier
seen chap energy outer electron cloud atom quantized energy level diagrams fig show allowed energies entire system electrons energy electron cloud photon radiated frequency hf place electron cloud similar fashion nucleus exist energy states transition results emission photon energy nuclear energy levels separated thousands millions electron volts photons emitted high energy high energy photons result nuclear shakedown called gamma rays rays accompany decay electron capture instance nucleus emits ray photons energy mev groups particles cases happens energy excited nucleus directly orbital electrons ejected atom definite process called internal conversion chromium isotopes emits rays captures electron emits rays decay emits ray capture emits ray emission nucleus remain excited measurable excited nucleus metastable called isomer isomer decay stable emission ray photon lifetime isomer decay standard ways going stable
considered unfortunate wasteful product synchrotron radiation valuable source high intensity radiation ray ultraviolet region radiation extracted electron synchrotron storage ring built purposes dozen existing accelerators modified produce synchrotron radiation machine purposes simultaneously picturesquely called symbiotic mode operation dedicated machines designed purpose generating photons highly desirable coming operation growing field high energy physics exploited synchrotron radiation continuous spectrum range wavelengths depending electron energy radius electron orbit photons small storage ring university wisconsin gev maximum intensity larger ring spear stanford university gev peak intensity experiments continuous spectrum desirable single wavelength needed provide narrow slice continuous spectrum chief advantages synchrotron radiation availability intense beam photons small source exposure times ray biological specimen minutes hours applications synchrotron radiation found chemistry microbiology solid physics surface physics protein crystal structure scanning ray microscope constructed ray attainable linear accelerator particles move straight line properly spaced electrodes returning gap magnetic field needed
theory complex flavors quark colors red blue green forces color charges mediated transmitted kinds bear color recall force electric charges mediated photons free electric charge color charge electric charge entirely independent lines ordinary mass feels gravitational interaction called mass charge electric charge force color charges repulsive force unlike color charges attractive unlike mass charges force mass charges attractive theory subatomic particles outlined mind stretching intellectual enterprise aesthetic theory deeply nature things everyday perfectly family leptons family quarks atoms molecules built nuclei protons neutrons electrons outer clouds give atoms chemical properties consider complete stable nucleus helium nucleus particle coulomb repulsion electric charges protons tends nucleus fly net nuclear force attraction nucleons force strong interaction quarks nucleons force mediated
precision making measurements essential precise definitions units measurement metric system established paris academy sciences meter originally defined ten millionth distance equator north pole pendulum meter swing side later definitions modified greatly refined definitions basic units established international organization called general conference weights measures major countries send representatives system units defined organization based metric system known officially international system abbreviated si french equivalent systeme international essential characteristics unit standard permanence meter bar platinum iridium alloy chosen standard length alloy stable chemically bar standard cumbersome replicas compared standard periodically october general conference changed standard length atomic constant wavelength orange red light emitted individual atoms krypton tube filled krypton gas electrical discharge maintained meter defined times wavelength light standard precise readily reproduced locations based specific material object standard mass mass cylinder platinum iridium alloy designated kilogram international bureau weights measures sevres paris
clearly analysis hopelessly complicated try include effects need simplified model approximate ball uniform sphere assume moves air calculate air resistance buoyancy forces complex buoyant force smaller force gravity ball moves slowly friction force small wish omit completely feel shape spinning motion irrelevant description motion pretend ball particle point mass size shape spin finally assume gravitational force constant motion problem simple permit detailed analysis problems considered chapter approximations simplifications expect analysis predict precisely ball move course approximate description lot description alternative problem complex defy analysis concept idealized model plays important role equilibrium problems general forces acting body lines action passing single point result body undergoes translational rotational motion problem rotational motion irrelevant body represented particle point case forces considered act point remainder chapter consider examples problems involving equilibrium particles
object initial velocity subsequently follows path determined gravitational force acting frictional resistance atmosphere called projectile term applies missile shot gun rocket fuel exhausted object dropped airplane thrown batted baseball motion freely falling body discussed chapter special case projectile motion path projectile called trajectory consider trajectories sufficiently short range gravitational force considered constant magnitude direction motion referred axes fixed respect earth precisely inertial system trajectories short range error incurred regarding inertial system small finally effects air resistance results precise motion vacuum flat earth simplifying assumptions form basis idealized model physical problem neglect unimportant details focus attention important aspects phenomenon force projectile idealized case weight considered constant magnitude direction motion referred set rectangular coordinate axes axis horizontal axis vertically upward component force projectile component weight projectile mg newton law horizontal component acceleration vertical component downward equal freely falling body
forces acting weight acting downward center gravity upward force pivot point forces acting body rest tend rotation axis horizontal plane perpendicular axis torque direction shown body rest effect torque initiate rotational motion change motion exists instant shown body angular momentum vector change angular momentum short interval direction angular momentum vector diagram shows means axis turned small angle motion axis consistent torque angular momentum relationship motion axis called rate axis moves called angular velocity quality find angular velocity inversely proportional angular velocity spin axis rapidly spinning slowly slows angular velocity increases return question unsupported end axis fall reason upward force exerted pivot equal magnitude weight resultant vertical force vertical acceleration center gravity
shown chapter body deformed deformation proportional force provided proportional limit exceeded change increase length wire coil spring decrease length bending flat spring twisting rod axis forms term force interpreted liberally force torque pressure producing distortion restrict discussion case push pull distortion simply displacement point application force force displacement related hooke law force exerted spring proportionality constant called force constant displacement equilibrium position illustrate basic concepts let consider system shown fig body mass move friction straight line glider linear track sec body attached end spring end held stationary describe position body coordinate taking origin equilibrium position spring stretched compressed body displaced positive spring stretched exerts force body left negative direction equilibrium position displaced left negative spring compressed exerts force body positive direction equilibrium
ideal fluid viscosity flows past sphere sphere moves stationary fluid form perfectly symmetrical pattern sphere shown fig pressure point upstream surface exactly point downstream face resultant force sphere fluid viscosity viscous drag sphere viscous drag experienced body shape sphere drag readily attempt derive expression viscous force directly laws flow viscous fluid quantities force depend viscosity fluid radius sphere velocity relative fluid complete analysis shows force equation deduced sir george stokes called stokes law sec study motion sphere falling viscous fluid point viscous force sphere fluid proportional relative velocity sphere falling viscous fluid reaches terminal velocity vt viscous retarding force buoyant force equals weight sphere let density sphere density fluid weight sphere buoyant force terminal velocity reached total force
noted definition absolute holds substances independent peculiar properties arbitrarily chosen substance definition terms purely large scale concepts reference molecules molecular energy absolute achieved experimentally question interest importance achieve temperatures ordinary helium mass number lower vapor pressure pumping vapor fast lowest temperature reached required larger pumps larger pumping tubes employed low temperature laboratories aid light isotope helium mass number vigorous pumping yields temperature lower temperatures low achieved magnetically apparent closer approaches absolute difficult generally accepted law nature absolute approached closely impossible actually reach temperature known unattainability statement law thermodynamics absolute interpreted molecular level discretion quantum effects correct say molecular motion ceases absolute system minimum total energy kinetic potential minimum amount general law restated quantitative form concept entropy
figure illustrates paths motion particles surface layer depth surface upper horizontal black line represents free surface liquid rest circles paths particles equilibrium position center circle wave travels left particles revolve clockwise paths full line shape surface instant shown lower black line passes equilibrium positions particles depth surface paths elliptical lower colored line locus instant free surface shape shown upper colored line similar waves occur surfaces elastic solids rigidity material added complication case result phase difference longitudinal transverse components displacement depth beneath surface waves called rayleigh waves promise important connection mechanical devices processing radar television radio signals mechanical band pass filters frequency range simpler compact electrical analogs wave phenomena demonstrated effectively means ripple tank consisting horizontal sheet glass plastic forming bottom shallow tank filled water cm deep strong source light beneath tank sends light water waves cast shadow translucent screen tank convenient source water waves provided smooth sphere size pencil eraser attached rod periodically dipped water
coulomb found force grows weaker increasing separation bodies distance doubles force decreases initial varies inversely square distance distance particles force proportional force depends quantity charge body denoted coulomb unit charge defined method developed comparing charge unit despite coulomb devised ingenious method showing force exerted charged body depended charge reasoned charged spherical conductor brought contact identical conductor originally uncharged charge symmetry shared equally conductors method obtaining half quarter charge results experiments consistent conclusion force point charges proportional charge proportional product charges complete expression magnitude force point charges proportionality constant magnitude depends units expressed equation mathematical statement known today coulomb law force attraction repulsion point charges directly proportional product charges inversely proportional square distance direction force particle line joining particles pulling particle case attractive forces unlike charges pushing case repulsive forces charges
let consider meter current measuring instrument called ammeter measure current circuit ammeter inserted series circuit current measured actually passes meter galvanometer inserted measure current ma resistance coil adds total resistance circuit result current galvanometer inserted correctly instrument insertion instrument evidently desirable resistance instrument smaller remainder circuit instrument inserted change thing wish measure ideal ammeter resistance range galvanometer modification limited maximum current ma range extended equivalent resistance reduced connecting low resistance parallel moving coil fig parallel resistor called shunt effect permit circuit current bypass meter pass shunt meter shunt mounted inside case binding posts plug connectors external connections occasionally interchangeable mounted case suppose wish modify meter ammeter range
greater current sensitivity needed instrument closer original conception shown schematically fig pivoted coil suspended fine conducting wire thin flat strip restoring torque coil deflected normal position serves current lead coil terminal coil connected loosely wound helix serves lead exerts negligible torque coil angle deflection observed aid beam light reflected small mirror cemented upper suspension light beam serves weightless pointer cavendish balance sec nature suspension type galvanometer sensitive pivoted coil type currents small detected fragile readily portable fact instruments mounted permanently rigid walls measurements involving sensitivity precision largely supplanted electronic instruments solid amplifying devices direct digital display read direct current motor illustrated schematically fig armature rotor cylinder soft steel mounted shaft rotate axis embedded longitudinal slots surface rotor number copper conductors current led conductors graphite brushes making contact cylinder shaft called commutator shown fig
behavior circuit discussed sec circuit sec consider circuit shown fig inductor connected terminals charged capacitor instant connections fig capacitor starts discharge inductor later instant represented fig capacitor completely discharged potential difference terminals inductor decreased current inductor established magnetic field space magnetic field decreases inducing emf inductor direction current current persists diminishing magnitude magnetic field disappeared capacitor charged opposite sense initial polarity fig process repeats reversed direction absence energy losses charges capacitor surge indefinitely process called electrical oscillation energy standpoint oscillations electrical circuit consist transfer energy electric field capacitor magnetic field inductor total energy circuit remaining constant analogous transfer energy oscillating mechanical system kinetic potential vice versa frequency electrical oscillations circuit inductance capacitance called circuit calculated exactly frequency oscillation body suspended spring discussed chapter
quantum hypothesis preceding section analysis photoelectric effect plays important role understanding atomic spectra seen prism grating functions disperse beam light spectrum light source incandescent solid liquid spectrum continuous light wavelengths present source gas electrical discharge passing flame volatile salt introduced spectrum entirely character continuous band color colors form isolated parallel lines line image slit deviated angle dependent frequency light forming image spectrum sort termed line spectrum wavelengths lines characteristic element emitting light hydrogen set lines position sodium set iron line structure spectrum extends ultraviolet infrared regions photographic means required detection expected frequencies light emitted element arranged regular instance radiating atom analogous vibrating string emitting fundamental frequency harmonics sight semblance order regularity lines typical spectrum unsuccessful attempts correlate observed frequencies fundamental overtones finally johann jakob found simple formula gave frequencies group lines emitted atomic hydrogen
solid amorphous crystalline crystalline solids discussed briefly sec harm reader review discussion crystalline solid characterized range order recurring pattern arrangement atoms pattern called crystal structure lattice structure amorphous solids range order short range order affairs atom atoms arranged regular pattern recurring pattern characteristic crystals amorphous solids common liquids crystalline solids liquids short range order range order forces responsible regular arrangement atoms crystal cases involved molecular binding classes chemical bonds ionic covalent crystals alkali halides ordinary salt nacl common variety familiar ionic crystals positive sodium ions negative chlorine ions occupy alternate positions cubic crystal lattice fig forces familiar coulomb law forces charged particles forces directional arrangement material crystallizes determined relative size ions simplest covalent crystal diamond structure structure found diamond form carbon silicon germanium tin elements group iv periodic table electrons outermost shell atom structure situated center regular nearest neighbor atoms corners forms covalent bond atoms
subtle applications occur complex chemical reactions radioactive tracers tag specific parts molecules follow radioactive atoms complex reactions analytical technique neutron activation analysis makes fact stable nuclei bombarded neutrons nuclei absorb neutrons radioactive beta element characteristic energies gamma radiation follows beta emission measurement energies permits determination original elements present quantities extremely minute interactions radiation living tissue extremely complex known excessive exposure radiation including sunlight rays nuclear radiations destruction tissues mild cases destruction manifested burn common sunburn greater exposure severe illness death variety mechanisms destruction components bone marrow produce red blood cells hand radiation present sunlight cosmic rays natural radioactivity exposure radiation unavoidable exactly constitutes safe level radiation exposure open considerable question evidence interpreted show exposure extent times natural sources rarely harmful deal hysteria concerning alleged radiation hazards nuclear power plants certainly true radiation level plants meaningful evaluation hazards compare levels alternatives coal powered plants health hazards coal smoke documented radioactivity smoke coal fired power plant believed greater properly operating nuclear plant similar power capacity
concept system describe things transportation system health care system school system highway system ecosystem closed systems virtually input space capsule submarine earth close closed systems contrast forests estuaries air river basins urban communities open systems general number related interactions functioning system change part repercussions rest mechanic fails repair bus properly run bus system thrown schedule result link highway system missing traffic jams interconnecting roads system boundaries selected convenience total transportation system include bus highway systems materials supply power trucks miscellaneous delivery vehicles essential parts gasoline stations private autos electric generating stations supply rail trolley system added line drawn intercity transportation excluded consideration transportation system local community intercity connections influence system considered living system interactions numerous complex species interact environment movement energy sun groups organisms role minerals interrelationships living nonliving environment examples interactions developing government policy making private decisions trial error approach disastrous
forms interactions occur individuals populations living habitat result positive forces aid growth survival populations negative forces result decrease extinction population grow environment materials survival space food resources scarce members population seek resources short supply compete populations competition members species called intraspecific competition occurs member tries food supply mate nesting materials breeding season male birds defend territory males species territories red winged blackbirds easy spot marsh males perch top grasses fly intruders interspecific competition involves populations vying limited resources outcome rivalry extinction population coexistence triumph population based environmental conditions temperature humidity study involving species paramecium showed species grew separately raised test tube species extinct competition difficult document populations tend evolve methods coexistence natural communities robert macarthur study species warblers england shows birds avoid competition subdividing living area foraging food parts tree figure overlap occur contact competition food species reduced
developing countries post war ii period population singapore increased rapidly average annual growth rate period percent highest recorded singapore population rate decelerated averaging percent percent massive reduction result effort government singapore actively force couples reduce size families program instituted late early slow natural population increase excess births deaths starting national government established series family planning programs program government set major goals providing family planning services percent married women ages reducing crude birth rate live births thousand thousand plan implemented sought reduce crude birth rate thousand thousand instituting educational campaign family planning population board promoted male female persons completed families attempted inform marriageable youth newlyweds benefits family planning board initiated plan maintain fertility replacement level achieve population growth order achieve goals government agency discouraged teenage marriage early parenthood encouraged longer interval births children continuing advocate child family norm
unraveling earth mysteries exciting scientific studies era accepted fact earth moving space recently recognized continents live actually moving surface globe natural geophysical processes result building mountains eruption volcanoes earthquakes physical biological processes interacting geophysical processes act wear mountains form soil plants grow results interactions determine place suitable hazardous geophysical processes considered isolation weathering rocks examined context atmospheric hydrologic systems interact geophysical environment imprudent thoughtless actions times precipitated geological events wide scale disastrous results landslides subsidence land scale magnitude power involved possibility able control geological systems completely distant vision knowledge understanding processes applied cities homes built hazardous locations construction suited geology habitats animals preserved resources earth enhance quality human geophysical systems form basis planned land intelligent environmental management selected aspects geology affect habitats illustrate effects geological processes presented basic influences generally accepted scientific explanation formation solar system big bang theory
government early stages selecting permanent disposal site high level nuclear waste proposed regulations nuclear regulatory commission require guaranteed isolation waste minimum relocation restrictions government officials studying mine designs hold wastes site cost million construct require operational construction plant development repository thousand employed period thousand jobs provided operation mine full sealed site expected built stable formation salt salt dome basalt solidified lava tuff compacted volcanic ash united states owns deposits basalt washington tuff nevada salt obtained paradox basin utah permian basin texas panhandle salt domes louisiana mississippi site formation chosen shafts dug meter foot level tests rock final choice underground salt formations texas deaf smith counties considered prime locations rock salt buffer radioactive material heat shielding leakage salt deposits millions situated stable geologic era federal government drilled test holes local residents voiced concerns risks governor william clements announced opposition november stories began circulate farmers signed leases permit drilling test holes conducting tests
range wavelengths called electromagnetic spectrum figure spectrum radiation short wavelengths includes visible light visible light emission radiant energy electromagnetic wavelength range detectable human eye abbreviation equals centimeter red longest wavelength seen human eye violet shortest black absence light white mixture detectable wavelengths longer wavelengths include infrared radiation heat stove felt seen radio waves radiation radar microwave ovens shorter wavelengths include ultraviolet light rays gamma rays persons exposed short wavelength radiation experience undesired effects health limited exposure ultraviolet light sunburn prolonged exposure sunlight skin cancer persons living tropical areas ultraviolet radiation kill microorganisms air water rays gamma rays damage destroy kinds cells intense exposure short wavelengths atomic bomb blast lethal chapter percent japanese fishermen working area accidental atomic fallout pattern received skin lesions days exposure object exposed electromagnetic radiation wavelength absorb energy warm course depending characteristics material radiant energy reflected white snow reflects radiation visible range black body perfect absorber emitter warmed object turn electromagnetic energy
annual cycle energy system aces tested home knoxville tennessee principal component aces home tank water serves energy storage bin figure heat pump draws heat bin provide hot water warm air winter period months water gradually turns ice heat removed summer chilled water air conditions building heat pump action gradually melts ice stores heat winter insulated homes applicable zone geographic area atlanta georgia minneapolis minnesota bin need exceed cubic feet water square foot living space home square meters square feet living space require square meter cubic foot tank water located part basement driveway patio photovoltaic cells developed becquerel convert solar energy directly electricity bell telephone laboratories developed silicon photovoltaic solar cell device camera light meters determine amount incoming solar energy power source lived satellites engineers suggest mounting photovoltaic cells earth satellites capture solar energy transmitting energy earth microwave beams large antennas earth amass energy convert electricity cells buildings convert solar energy directly electricity high cost manufacturing cells primary deterrent widespread costs decrease efficiency percent increases unlimited source energy
improving energy substantial impact total energy consumption conserving energy efficient preventing waste greatly reduce demand energy figure total annual energy growth rate required maintain nation standard living reduced percent percent making total consumption percent projected reduction occur decrease services products energy efficiently engine operate friction percent efficient discussion carnot engine page thermodynamic studies compare amount energy released amount fuel heat loss thermodynamic reaction heat buildings heat dissipated air water power plants put industrial sites energy conservation practices require energy conscious public drug store blocks bike walk leaving home turn lights lower thermostat leave extended vacation turn hot water heater installing inexpensive insulation kit reduces heat loss gallon electric water heater set percent lower thermostat additional percent reduction heat loss occurs approximately percent energy consumed united states home operation commercial buildings percent industrial processes home include energy heating cooling lighting food processing recreation
eastern kentucky acquired nickname detroit graveyard large number abandoned vehicles strewn rural roads fields unsightly blights contributed environmental degradation attracted additional trash garbage resulting open dumps breeding grounds rats flies kentucky department natural resources environmental protection launched pilot program collect recycle abandoned automobiles agency bought trucks equipped winches loading ramps hauled abandoned cars program succeeded large demonstration project funded federal government trucks purchased personnel hired trained demonstration project covering counties contacting top elected official county explaining project seeking cooperation agency attempted find sponsoring organization high school band scout group nonprofit nongovernmental organization sponsoring group conducted survey vehicles county developed public information materials obtained releases abandoned cars minimum releases secured temporary storage site obtained collection trucks county abandoned cars collected sponsor group list scrap metal companies model bid advertisement winning bidder arranged crush cars haul recycling facility junk cars collected recycled demonstration project sponsoring groups received sale cars continued program minor modifications increased number trucks organizations counties participated
control pollutants designed effective normal variations atmospheric conditions temperature inversions persist days highly industrialized areas extraordinary measures protect lives susceptible especially persons heart lung disease moved area air conditioned rooms emission sources reduced curtailing traffic closing industrial plants emergency controls initiated weather forecasts severe inversion persist days measure notify mass media newspapers television radio stations alert heart lung patients physicians hospitals danger phase ask drive autos cities request industries curtail operations emit pollutants traffic actually restricted essential selected polluting industries operations shut finally industry shut emergency police vehicles allowed travel system comparing pollution concentrations health effects precautionary action developed epa table control measures proven effective reducing emissions cases table figure sulfur oxide levels cities reduced limiting sulfur content fuel burning natural gas low sulfur fuel oil switching coal higher sulfur content reverse trend sulfur removed stack gases improved reduction sulfur oxide emissions acid rain continues problem northeastern united states carbon monoxide hydrocarbon emissions autos reduced largely exhaust controls figure
york health officials advised pregnant women living middle class residential section filled canal love canal niagara falls move immediately officials concerned rise rates miscarriages birth defects liver disease persons lived area figure bought homes families million forced move fenced area love canal dug hooker chemical plastics corporation landfill chemical wastes drums subsequently sixteen acres land sold niagara falls board education dollar board education built school playground land sold part remaining land developers abnormally heavy rain wastes began leaking drums rising surface eighty chemicals involved including suspected carcinogens company claims impervious clay liner cover clay cover disturbed grading love canal experience cases harmful consequences epa documented due inadequate hazardous waste management include surface groundwater contamination poisoning direct contact air pollution fires explosions epa estimates percent hazardous wastes adequately protected half drinking water united states groundwater contamination source toxic wastes threat public health residence groundwater takes completely replaced natural circulation processes
late attention paid human exposure extensive ground atomic tests conducted desert region nevada hundreds radiation related disability claims flood veterans administration department defense trying find military participants exposed follow study soldiers present test called smokey august normal leukemia rate cases group cases twenty test civilians living miles test site fallout path showed increase leukemia preliminary findings soldiers nevada atomic tests center disease control hazards low level radiation greater thought monitoring dose levels testing inadequate low level radiation present environment generated cosmic rays building materials medical dental rays high doses radiation fatal fatal disease able prove short term effects low level radiation final conclusions concerning effects human population coming interestingly expected hereditary influence radiation atomic bombs dropped hiroshima nagasaki materialized mental physical damage unborn exposed infants conceived later exposed parents thirties rise leukemia subsided exposed experiencing increase cancer thyroid breast lung stomach
role educating public matters affect public health environmental issues product safety quality assumed national private voluntary organizations american lung association american cancer society american heart association professional technical organizations american public health association air pollution control association civic groups sierra club walton league local groups delaware valley citizens council clean air watershed associations clean block councils product testing laboratories national sanitation foundation underwriters laboratory assure compliance standards manufacture operation information organized groups helpful individual disadvantage knowing participate express concerns public agencies proceedings recent witnessed establishment public interest law firms involved environmental issues lawsuits initiated public interest caused significant proceedings government organizations procedures making environmental impact assessments nuclear power plant construction operation introduced result calvert cliffs case case atomic energy commission challenged responsibility protecting environment health safety national environmental policy act nepa ultimately total impact individual decisions determines quality environment person drives car impact air quality thousands persons making decision air severely polluted neighborhoods rats houses garbage trash strewn area
philadelphia approach community organization effective customarily social contact lived street social contact fence analysis based solely rat behavior suggested block block approach effective community action founded behavior behavior varies location aspect examined case noteworthy experiences philadelphia rat control project expectations fewer complaints rats originated areas rats children bitten rats areas rats seen occasionally difference attributed social status poor rat infested area anticipated change result complaint affluent areas community sanitation expected government response complained rat control project implemented poorer sections registered complaints effort educate assist poor rid area rats unresponsive believe government provide trash removal service clean neighborhood important recognized need simply believe neighbors cared effort demonstrated willing environment local leadership began evolve interested project succeeded affluence blessing environmental quality concerned affluence throw society develops
faced projected population growth million anticipated million nassau suffolk counties island york established regional plan direct pattern development rate growth paved built open land lost forever priority acquisition land parks conservation nassau county projected shortage acres parkland acres vacant land intense competition recreation conservation home sites revenue producing development commenced land apartments housing priority nassau county according plan priorities order recreation conservation housing residential land industrial commercial offices totally unsuited parks open space development housing due shortage land need revitalize older districts commercial office space located existing central business districts industry employ nassau county residents located suffolk county suffolk land accommodate nassau county housing employment needs keeping natural features nassau suffolk counties recreation land located water front providing corridor open space shores sides island park corridor band residential development parkland enhancing attractiveness area center spine island logical location industry provide community open space playgrounds residential areas cluster development allowing residential units closer provide common open space encouraged
biophysics area physicists biologists apply physical principles study living matter studies enzyme structure macromolecules viruses biological cells examples addition radiation study effects radiation exposure vital roles physicists playing areas biology medicine physical law statement matter behaves purpose research physical sciences discover laws universe observe events universe attempt find correlations correlation takes pendulum swing fro function length typical assumptions control laws nature existed exist forever statements physical laws considered valid present knowledge extended knowledge physics referred exact science macroscopic level valid biology nature precise compare laws physics laws biology precise exact scientific method accurate observation facts determination order facts practical attempt observe classify distinguishing feature scientific method attempts frame general laws quantitative mathematical form laws derived induction inference number observed facts obtained deduction set principles allow predictions open experimental testing
graph function yields curve figure called normal curve curve curve important actual populations foot sizes grades closely follow normal curve limiting distribution widely statistics follow normal curve general conditions mean distribution tends distributed large samples joe data say confidence true temperature obviously careful measurements joe order decrease standard deviation obtain results result linear dimensions doubled consider ft human weighing slightly lb person ft tall wide bones thick person lift huge weights individual weight increase person weigh approximately lb difficulty encountered push impossible person lift pounds overhead section true discuss increase volume linear dimension increased scaling biological systems refers properties structures physiological functions depend dimensions system ask interesting questions concerning scaling biological structures limits size spherical biological cell jumping height animals depend size free fall animal depend dimensions
forces responsible motion universe galaxies subatomic particles intuitively familiar force push pull basically forces nature consist gravitational force electromagnetic force nuclear strong force weak force dwell primarily gravitational force chapter likely asking forces encountered friction muscles centripetal explained composite forces force considered push pull object force magnitude direction vector unit force systeme international si newton newton equivalent lb force knowing properties forces newton laws motion determine motion objects laws universal applicability calculate tension muscles motion planets examine newton laws motion examples provided sciences newton law states body continues rest uniform motion straight line net unbalanced force acting body note key word continues body continues acted net unbalanced force body rest continues remain rest body moving constant velocity continues move changing speed direction newton law condition equilibrium particle point mass
discussed types lever systems body consists numerous lever systems types levers employed familiar biceps triceps direction motion forearm contract biceps contract bring forearm triceps contract extend arm mechanical advantage raising object hand arrangement greater speed limbs small change length muscle produces larger displacement extremity limbs section discussed stresses human simple calculations stresses muscles joints human body large fact force hip joint half times weight person fortunately lubricated synovial joints reduce friction aware diseases joints constitute greatest single disability striated muscles studied considerable detail muscle consists individual fibers fig diameter fibers run length muscle length individual fiber number parallel elements called myofibrils diameter myofibril consists parallel actin myosin filaments lie remarkably regular array myosin filaments diameter length actin filaments diameters length
consider happening molecules substance heated let begin substance solid solid molecules bound tightly free move distance vibrate heat added eventually melting point molecules receive thermal energy break chemical bonds bind neighbors finally totally liquid phase energy required depends latent heat fusion material molecules liquid phase temperature substance begin rise molecules able move liquid constantly forming breaking bonds liquid molecules boiling point molecules begin accumulate energy break bonds leave fluid energy required transition depends latent heat vaporization water changed steam temperature steam continue increase points apparent foregoing discussion evaporation cooling process high energy molecule leaves substance average kinetic energy remaining molecules temperature feel hotter humid temperature high net transfer water molecules skin abundant surrounding air sweat clammy feel uncomfortable substances resist latent heats required accomplish phase transitions discuss heat properties water aids
thought device prevents heat loss heat gain thermos bottle properly called dewar flask simple looking apparatus fig effectively combats major methods heat transfer radiation minimized painting surfaces wall evacuated bottle silver silver reflects heat fluid chamber prevents radiation entering bottle convection losses prevented evacuating area fluid container outer walls molecules accept heat energy heat transfer convection place conduction minimized ways choosing substance low coefficient thermal conductivity glass making cross sectional area glass throat thin cutting thermal transport making glass thin drawback chamber able withstand shock heat loss occurs mouth thermos large cross sectional area carnot cycle idealistic maximum efficiency cycle heat engine engine device converts energy simple engine consists piston cylinder gas pressure fig area piston force equal pa applied piston equilibrium carnot cycle consists expansion expansion gas constant temperature step cycle expansion expansion adding heat gas temperature decrease step compression compression
found measuring oxygen consumption heart kg rest consumes calculation determined mechanical pumping blood heart typically efficient strenuous exercise blood pressure increase blood volume pumped increase factor yield increase times power generated left ventricle ventricle systolic pressure left ventricle power requirement left ventricle listen stethoscope heart sharp sounds heard corresponds closing tricuspid valves sound corresponds closing aortic pulmonary valves sounds heard high rate blood flow turbulence blood cardiovascular system includes heart pump blood arteries carry blood organs muscle skin veins return blood heart fig blood pumped aorta left ventricle aorta branches form smaller arteries turn branch smaller arteries finally blood reaches small capillaries vascular bed capillaries small red blood cells pass single file capillaries passing capillaries materials blood exchanged surrounding tissues blood goes veins returned heart flow rate blood goes system
consider solid rigid object tends maintain shape external force applied atoms molecules solid fixed position exert strong forces nearby atoms molecules crystal consists ordered atoms molecules exist solid forces atoms molecules determine mechanical properties solid figure illustrates simple structure sodium chloride note positive sodium na ion consists surrounding negative chloride cl ions vice versa chapter find unlike charges attract type bonding referred ionic bonding apply forces tending pull crystal distance atoms slightly increase length crystal increase force applied greater adjacent atoms plane crystal withstand crystal rupture metallic bonding type bonding moving electrons interact positively charged metal ions produce cohesive force electrons shared specific atoms free roam fact theory metals called free electron theory free electrons responsible high conductivity heat high electrical conductivity metals covalent bonding exists electrons atom shared atom electron circling atom interact atoms produce net cohesive force atoms diamond bonding primarily covalent diamond hardness result bonding
human ear hearing mechanisms studied detail oldest fields biophysics complicated receptor active research conducted elucidate mechanisms hearing normal ear hear sound waves frequency range hz low frequencies change frequency hz detectable middle range khz hz change detected normal individual detect change db sound pressure db db difference db distinguishable khz ear detect sound intensity db corresponds maximum pressure amplitude superimposed general atmospheric pressure fractional change pressure detectable amplitude vibration molecules db estimated nm tenth diameter hydrogen atom ear fantastic detector importance figure typical audibility sound observed young individuals hearing function frequency lowest contour threshold hearing note frequency dependent hz requires db young person hear hz db required produce detectable sound study obtain information figure individuals asked match loudness pure tones frequencies contours equal loudness drawn
electronics numerous applications science areas significant advancements resulted due improved electronic capability consider widespread chapter examine voltages produced nerve cells brain cells heart solid physics responsible providing significant advancements techniques capabilities electronics especially technology provided compact reliable units literally millions components circuit chapter limit discussion important instrumentation characteristics diode important oscilloscope assume studying electrical signals produced brain signals low amplitude microvolts amplified amplifier characteristics amplifier important sensitivity amplification factor input frequency response signal noise ratio sensitivity lowest signal amplified distinguished noise signal noise ratio ratio average signal noise unwanted electrical interference major component noise electrical induced electromotive forces due electromagnetic waves air originate motors electronic devices interference reduced metallic shielding wires amplifier amplification factor ratio output voltage input voltage signal voltage want observe signal amplified times amplifier stage provide amplification directing signal amplifier output amplifier obtain amplification fig
basic mechanisms enable correlations unknown interesting heinz found permanent magnets teeth small marine creatures live scraping algae rocks teeth composed largely magnetite feo called lodestone hardest known substance biologically synthesized richard discovered bacteria creatures chains small magnetite crystals steer earth field lines mud live feed magnetite detected honey bees small magnetite crystals pigeons times magnetite found bees result magnetite based magnetic field sensitivity suddenly bet terrestrial animals magnetic fields applied mice depression cellular respiration considerably slow aging process hand plants exhibited apex growth influence magnetism large current human heart produces magnetic field chest smaller currents brain produce variations experiments performed room shielded external field walls iron excellent correlations observed proposed brain store information magnetic storage brain obviously active field significant information forthcoming electron microscope beam electrons form magnified image specimen electron microscopes provide higher magnification detail obtained light microscope
danish astronomer noticed earth farthest jupiter took min longer jupiter moon io enter shadow planet earth jupiter closest points knowing radius earth orbit sun mi calculated speed light mi presently accepted armand direct experimental measurement light rotating gap disk light pass gap hilltop reflected disk disk rotated manner light arrived disk light pass gap knowing distance light traveled rate rotation disk able determine speed light results higher accepted today albert experimental physicist renowned american scientists started measurements speed light continued intermittently career figure illustrates method measuring speed light light reflected fixed mirrors mt san antonio station arrival mirror rotated eighth revolution maximum signal detected speed light determined distances involved rate rotation rotating mirror obtained speed light
fission process large mass splits lighter elements accompanied emission neutrons mass resulting particles mev fission mass uranium large geometrically arranged neutrons recaptured nuclei fission faster rate escape surface mass chain reaction develops mass explodes fission lb uranium equivalent energy release explosion tons tnt burning tons coal atomic bomb consists assembly mass mechanism bomb tnt equivalent hiroshima consisted pipe fission materials ends fig masses simply fired mass bomb set bomb nagasaki fat plutonium fuel economical employs bring critical mass figure shows simplified sketch fat triggering mechanism set fuel mass initial fireball blast considerable amount radioactive elements produced fission fission fragments identified practically radioactive called dirty bomb fusion bomb requires large amount energy obtain high temperatures required start fusion reaction initial energy provided explosion fission bomb trigger fusion bomb
radiation biophysics deals physics radiation effects radiation biological materials active field science investigates effects radiation molecular level cellular level organ level approximately medical physicists presently employed hospitals united states plan radiation therapy radiation measurements nuclear medicine medical specialty radioactive elements diagnosis therapy rapidly growing field improving instruments techniques provide reliable diagnosis therapy discuss typical applications nuclear medicine uranium ores widespread uranium mean concentration earth crust sea water grams gram crust uranium half yr heads radioactive series table note decays emission turn decays emission radium daughter products radium radon gas air breathe daughter radon polonium solid deposited small dust particle inhaled lungs potassium half bodies substantial amount potassium significant exposure body mean radiation absorbed dose radiations contained table note contributes yr gonads total radiation natural environment background radiation yr table cosmic rays contribute yr sea level yr altitude ft
parts body sensitive radiation cells bone marrow cells ovary testis epithelium intestine skin organs sensitive radiation eyes form cataracts thyroid develop thyroid cancer considerable amount information radiation effects human body exists month roentgen paper patient admitted hospital overexposure rays physicians suffered cancer medical rays radium increased radium dial watch workers jersey documented radiation injury cases paint watch dials workers tongues sharpen points paint brushes radium luminous paints ingested considerable amount radium radium behaves chemically similar calcium bones radium luminous dial industry began united states radiation injury bone cancer recognized hundred worked industry studied studies japanese exposed radiation atomic bombs war ii clearly incidence leukemia increased absorbed doses probability individual obtaining radiation induced leukemia million addition abnormally high birth infant mortality rates occurred pregnant japanese women exposed radiation atomic bombs distinguish radiation dose short period acute exposure similar total dose period produces drastic biological injury
preceding experiment equilibrium particle investigated found particle equilibrium tendency change translational velocity resultant force acting case particle body small considered point question body forces applied arise rotation considered rotation small body consequence generally bodies appreciable extent considered points body forces applied important rotation body unit motion considered addition translational motion displacement location bodies question assumed rigid means parts change distances internal forces atoms molecules hold rigid body forces maintain parts fixed relative positions assumed strong matter external forces applied body remains rigid unbroken internal forces need considered force tendency produce rotation extended rigid body called torque moment force equal product force magnitude perpendicular distance axis rotation force line action definition illustrated fig force shown applied disc wheel point distance wheel axis dashed line line action force simply line constructed direction
weigh wood block record weight place board horizontal position laboratory table pulley projecting table edge sure surfaces board wood block clean dry free dust grit wipe clean dry cloth paper wiper touch surfaces hands handle block cloth wiper set clean board begin experiment setting block board largest surface contact board surface run cord attached block pulley attach weight pan place weights pan slowly increase load sufficient block sliding slowly constant speed started small push record load repeat procedure placing weights grams successively top wood block record load needed case turn wood block side repeat procedure mass grams top block record load needed turn wood block largest surface contact plane place grams top block gradually increase load pan block starts move initial push careful place weights pan gently jerk cord notice block moves uniform speed accelerated record load needed conditions
micrometer caliper experiment consists screw pitch mm longitudinal scale engraved barrel screw circular scale engraved thimble rotates screw moves scale barrel longitudinal scale divided millimeters circular scale divisions pitch screw mm distance advanced screw turning revolution clear rotating thimble scale division screw move distance mm mm readings directly hundredth millimeter estimating tenths thimble scale division thousandth millimeter micrometer read noting position edge thimble longitudinal scale position axial line barrel circular scale adding readings reading main scale measurement nearest main scale division fractional part main scale division read circular scale requires revolutions screw advance distance millimeter careful note reading circular scale refers half half millimeter fig reading mm micrometer checked error read jaws completely closed cases correction applied reading correction positive negative
measure cut piece string exactly centimeters weigh length string fasten end string vibrator armature pass string pulley attach weight hanger end pulley mounted shown fig meter vibrator supported laboratory table means rod clamps shown connect vibrator directly volt cycle outlet switch current increase tension adding weights weight hanger string vibrates segments adjust tension adding removing small weights loops formed maximum width obtaining maximum weights prove difficult fine adjustment length string vibrator pulley assure maximum amplitude vibration vibrating parts string carefully loosening clamp holding vibrator sliding tune maximum amplitude measure distance point string contacts pulley node vibrator fig string vibrating segments node middle measurement simply holding meter stick alongside vibrating string accurate result obtainable grasping string thumb forefinger thumb nail node shutting vibrator meter stick measure distance nail pulley sure pull string direction raise weights increase length measured
solid body heated temperature rises rate determined rate heat supplied heat capacity body temperature called melting point reached body starts melt melting proceeds temperature remains constant heat continually supplied increasing supply rate merely increases rate solid liquid change temperature occurs body completely melted heating raise temperature resulting liquid rate determined liquid heat capacity mass multiplied specific heat rate heat added eventually temperature called boiling point reached liquid rapidly vapor change temperature going addition heat continues liquid evaporated continued addition heat resulting gas contained suitably sealed vessel raise substance temperature rate determined heat supply rate heat capacity mass times specific heat gas cooling gas begins condense boiling point reached change temperature condensation takes place amount heat removed condensation process added vaporization heat representing difference energy molecules gaseous energy bound loosely liquid similarly temperature reduced freezing point melting point removal heat liquid solidify
surfaces slide frictional force arises parallel surfaces opposed equal parallel applied force motion constant speed maintained applied force equal magnitude multiplied distance moves pushing surface stored potential energy increase kinetic energy moving body sliding surfaces hot joule thompson idea friction transforms mechanical heat appears form energy evidence favor concept obtained showing amount heat appears proportional amount friction joule experiment present consisted setup predetermined amount friction case viscous friction encountered paddle turning fluid resulting heat measured figure shows experimental arrangement copper band wrapped cylindrical copper calorimeter drum carries weight lower end end attached drum allowed slack drum turned hand crank direction hoist weight drum band slips drum surface weight supported clear floor raised weight equal frictional force band drum surface slides distance force acts distance sliding surfaces move respect simply distance moved point drum surface
liquids called electrolytes property conducting electric current common water solutions acids bases salts electric current passes electrolyte chemical decomposition takes place accompanied liberation negative valent element positive electrode anode positive valent element negative electrode cathode process called electrolysis laws governing electrolysis enunciated michael faraday stated follows mass substance liberated electrode electrolytic cell proportional quantity electricity passed cell quantity product current amperes seconds current flows quantity electricity passed electrolytic cells masses substances liberated proportional chemical equivalents chemical equivalent substance defined atomic weight divided valence easy understand theory laws atom liberated electrode receive number electronic charges positive negative depending action taking place anode cathode equal valence charge liberate atom le electronic charge valence avogadro number atoms mole amount electricity needed liberate mole atoms substance mole gram atomic weight amount substance mass grams numerically equal atomic mass number plate grams substance plate gram
connect apparatus shown fig dry cell ohm resistor rheostat switches open connections circuit approved instructor leave switch open set maximum resistance close switch adjust current read ammeter ampere constant steps means control rheostat read exact chosen close switch direction put standard cell es circuit find setting contact point condition balance initial adjustment galvanometer connected series high protective resistance contact pressed galvanometer deflection observed contact moved wire galvanometer deflection key pressed caution slide contact wire pressing contact knife edge scrape wire damage final adjustments protective resistance short circuited switch galvanometer shows deflection pressing close locate galvanometer shows deflection small displacement contact point needed closing increases sensitivity galvanometer times point located accurately record final setting contact point known standard cell voltage open switch move put dry cell circuit standard cell obtain balance procedures measure dry cell
simplified diagram generator shown fig rectangular coil wire abcd mounted longitudinal axis oo magnetic poles ends coil connected insulated rings mounted axis rotating coil blocks carbon called brushes press rings rotate provide electrical contact external circuit cross section coil represented fig induced coil position ad angle instant conductors moving direction parallel magnetic field change flux occurs maximum instant conductors moving direction perpendicular magnetic field rate flux changing maximum situation expressed terms conductors cutting magnetic field lines conductors move parallel lines cut induced move perpendicular cut straight field lines induced maximum lines extend north pole south pole fig component field perpendicular plane coil cos flux coil ba cos area coil bounds induced loop rate change flux rotation coil coil consists loops total appearing terminals times quantity
experiment saw pn junction behave unidirectional conductor semiconductor triode amplifying properties control current output circuit small amount power input circuit device called transistor modern form consists pn junctions thought diodes connected series opposing cathode cathode anode anode semiconductor diodes actually connected transistor junction transistor action depends actual physical proximity junctions pnp transistor piece type semiconductor material pieces type case pn junctions sides connected formed piece type material sandwiched type pieces forming pn junctions sides connected transistor designated kinds similar properties principal difference reversal polarity voltages relative figure illustrates case material middle called base end emitter collector terms emitter collector meaning light present transistor operation emit collect charge carriers base stems point contact transistors emitter collector point contacts base semiconductor material obsolete term persisted defined referring material middle sandwich
tape sheet white paper drawing board place plane mirror sheet center reflecting surface facing plug turn laser allow minutes warm note important features laser light laser emits narrow beam spreads ideal ray experiment laser light highly monochromatic meaning close approximation wavelength helium neon laser wavelength angstrom units angstrom unit abbreviated meters nanometers wavelength helium neon laser quoted meters centimeters nanometers knowledge wavelength light experiment geometrical optics realize refractive index encounter lens prism material place laser laboratory bench edge drawing board direct beam passes board paper surface strikes mirror angle incidence caution low power laser experiment beam hurt skin careful look beam beam bench care shine face including mirror straight edge draw heavy line sharp pencil represent reflecting surface paper
main type telescopes astronomical telescope terrestrial telescope opera glass astronomical telescope simplest type consists lenses objective lens eyepiece objective lens positive lens focal length forms real inverted image distant object focal plane eyepiece positive lens short focal length magnify image produced objective lens eyepiece magnifying glass means enlarged virtual image formed object inside focus instance object image formed objective lens eye looks directly enlarged virtual image produced eyepiece terrestrial telescope image produced objective lens erect means positive lens lens image distance produce real inverted image image erect eyepiece magnify image opera glass telescope eyepiece divergent lens lens rays objective lens strike converge form image image formed objective lens serves virtual object negative lens leaving lens rays diverge enlarged virtual image distance lenses equal difference focal lengths type telescope small field view advantage shorter forms telescope erect image distant object
charge electron constant fundamental modern physics early attempts measure charge study charge gaseous ions produced gas rays measure charges townsend clouds form ions saturated air observing rate fall cloud small droplets water applying stoke law free fall spheres viscous medium determine size droplets measurement total amount water cloud calculate number droplets contained assuming droplet contained ion measuring total charge cloud calculate charge single ion charge obtained coulomb wilson method exception addition electric field method similar oil drop method wilson water drops measurements entire cloud single drop charge single ion wilson obtained coulomb values townsend wilson order magnitude charge electron errors involved measurements accurate errors introduced assumption droplet contained electron error resulted loss water droplets evaporation course experiment accurate method devised measuring charge electron developed
apparatus ready operation gently spray oil spray chamber placing nozzle atomizer close small hole top directing spray top chamber spray small hole upper plate condenser small hole easily clogged oil oil spray fine uniform chamber condition droplets proper size oil drops charged process soon oil sprayed look microscope diffused light seen thin small individual bright spots reflections light oil drops stars magnitudes oil drops falling force gravity note moving diverse speeds large fall fastest quickly disappear field view large suitable purpose moving slowly field view properly manipulating toggle switch switch vertical position oil drop falls freely gravity voltage applied plates switch plate positive negative switch left polarity plates reversed determine position switch makes upper plate positive noticing oil drop moves upward switch opposite position oil drop moves downward direction gravity faster
plug oven heater power cord insert thermometer hole provided enclosure turns tape prevent thermometer falling place tape thermometer bulb midsection tube proper oven temperature range thermostat adjusted means knob side enclosure oven temperature stabilizes apparatus thermostat knob turns turned face apparatus direction higher temperatures click indicating thermostat shifted highest lowest setting continued rotation brings setting minimum revolution caution thermostat knob turned small adjustments temperature attempt turn backwards lower temperatures end range assemble wire apparatus oven warming fig wiring diagram fig sketch complete setup heath power supply va simpson model volt ohm voltmeter american journal physics article mentioned apparatus notes appendix sure range switch set position rheostat power supply controlling va adjusted voltage plug turn variable transformer power supply circuit checked instructor
textbook tool learning physics teacher lecture demonstrations films experimental laboratory indispensable reading highly recommended concentrate obtaining rigorous understanding classical physics introductory course broadening familiarity contemporary physics reading widely excellent popular accounts modern science scientific american end chapter review exercises problems importance solving problems learning physics overemphasized working problems find grasped text material details brought problems treated problems assigned gain practice experience problem solving examples text problems read statement question attempt answer question looking text finish stuck look worked approach demonstrate understand material mistakes making don discouraged stuck examples direct applications material discussed text introduce method solution approach examples cover famous results text cases expect examples try difficulty scattered text questions easy answered previous discussion understood discussion able answer trouble
velocity body constant conclude net force acting body problem develop quantitative measure force defining magnitude direction force terms acceleration produces object call standard body international standard body cylinder platinum carefully preserved international bureau weights measures sevres france mass standard body kg si unit mass discuss definition measurement mass force required produce acceleration standard body defined newton similarly force produces acceleration defined define force terms acceleration produces standard body convenient agent exerting forces bodies spring takes push pull compress extend spring natural length greater push pull greater compression extension consider spring attached standard body horizontal surface shown figure spring extended natural length body accelerates limit depending spring greater extension greater acceleration noting extension needed produce acceleration standard body definition force acceleration means spring exerting force calibrate spring units force
important note order classify reference frame inertial need forces acting body identify forces finding agent body responsible force suspect existence force observed acceleration body find agent responsible conclude observed acceleration results reference frame consider body dropped accelerating railroad car acceleration relative car describe component acceleration due pull gravity earth component due similar large mass left car determine car inertial frame look forces apparent agent large massive object left car responsible observed acceleration left label reference frame car questions arise absolute acceleration detected natural inertial reference frame newton gave demonstration acceleration consider pail water suspended rope surface water level give pail twist pail rotates water viscosity water begins rotate surface longer level assumes parabolic shape eventually water pail angular velocity relative velocity acceleration pail suddenly stopped water continues rotate
expression escape speed particle earth surface equation generalized apply escape particle surface planet moon radius planet acceleration gravity surface escape speed result independent mass particle equally valid spacecraft projectile molecule application escape molecules surface planet leads important concept planetary physics equation results kinetic theory gases understand planets atmospheres look mechanism explain earth appears lost hydrogen space decomposition water molecules leaving oxygen rich atmosphere approximation jupiter gigantic ball hydrogen conditions met molecule atom escape surface planet magnitude molecule velocity greater escape speed planet table lists escape speed moon planets solar system condition direction velocity molecule planet finally molecule collide molecules outward journey chance molecule collide region space depends density molecules region molecular density falls rapidly height surface planet
seen elastic collision look simple general reference frame total kinetic energy conserved kinetic energy body transferred collision body let calculate energy transferred perfectly elastic collision moving body stationary collision reference frame body originally stationary called laboratory frame experiments bombarding stationary particle moving particles consider body mass initial velocity moving body mass initially rest assume collision perfectly elastic velocity center mass laboratory frame need calculate final energy body transferring center mass frame transferring original laboratory frame center mass frame body originally moving left speed equation collision moving speed transfer original laboratory frame add body speed body originally rest cm collision kinetic energy energy transferred proportional original energy incident body energy gained particle equals lost particle call energy transferred fractional energy loss incident particle fractional energy transferred maximum masses equal
general motion system particles complicated axis rotation fixed mentioned consider motion combination translation center mass rotation center mass description translation difficult center mass moves point particle influence net external force analysis rotational motion simplified important theorem concerning angular momentum relative center mass resultant torque center mass equals rate change angular momentum relative center mass matter center mass moving equation stating resultant torque equals rate change angular momentum equation angular momentum relative center mass newton law derive equation derivation valid angular momentum relative point fixed inertial reference frame theorem states result valid angular momentum relative center mass center mass accelerating prove result proof intermediate level mechanics books section apply theorem special class translational rotational motion easily treated motion rigid body rotating axis symmetry moves remains parallel line fixed space rolling ball cylinder
waves confined space waves piano string organ pipe reflections ends waves traveling directions waves combine according general law wave interference string pipe frequencies interference results stationary vibration pattern called standing wave study standing waves applications field music nearly areas science technology study standing waves strings section standing sound waves section consider string fixed end tied end tuning fork vibrates frequency small amplitude waves produced tuning fork travel string inverted reflection fixed end travel fork fork vibrating small amplitude acts essentially fixed end reflection concerned waves inverted reflection fork start string let look wave crest generated left end string fork travels end string reflected reflected fork reflected inverted differs wave crest coming fork traveled distance length string distance exactly equal wavelength reflected wave phase wave interfere constructively resultant wave amplitude wave assuming loss reflection
consider body gas enclosed volume pressure approaches description system microscopic method involves description terms particles molecules composing gas requires numerous assumptions particles difficult test directly assume gas composed molecules moving random making elastic collisions molecules walls container huge size mol oxygen avogadro number na molecules impossible apply newton laws motion separately molecule list coordinates molecule entering coordinate molecule material computer rate molecule order magnitude age universe large statistical methods treatment accurate chapter show simple analysis pressure exerted gas wall container proportional average kinetic energy molecules gas type calculation microscopic calculation macroscopic variable pressure macroscopic approach characteristic thermodynamics system variables pressure temperature volume internal energy variables internal energy closely related senses easily measured compare variables coordinates velocity components molecules additional variables describing rotation oscillation molecules atom
diatomic molecule vibrate rotate translate degrees freedom kinetic potential energy vibration line joining atoms theorem predicts internal energy mole according table diatomic gases apparently vibrate calculation number degrees freedom molecule atoms complicated vibrations allowed theorem successful relating molar heat capacities gas atomic structure fails ways theorem hint diatomic molecules vibrate heat capacities vary temperature according theorem temperature variation theorem fails classical mechanics breaks applied atomic molecular systems replaced quantum mechanics quantum mechanical theory motion energies atom molecule quantized gap lowest energy lowest vibrational energies diatomic molecule energy gap order tenths higher ev ordinary temperatures collision molecules energies order increase energy lowest energy allowed energy vibrational energy play role internal energy low temperatures rotational energy molecule quantized spacing energies depending inversely moment inertia
find electric field surface conductor consider portion conductor surface small considered flat charge density negligible variation portion construct cylindrical pillbox surface figure face conductor surface conductor equilibrium electric field perpendicular surface component free charge conductor move component face pillbox surface conductor perpendicular face face pillbox inside conductor flux cylindrical surface pillbox tangent surface flux pillbox en field conductor surface area face pillow net charge inside surface law result field produced infinite plane charge understand result comparing flux lines infinite plane charge conducting slab carrying charge density figure shows large charged plane sheet flux lines perpendicular sheet point sides construct pillbox surface face sheet left sheet net flux surface area face setting net flux equal times net charge inside pillbox obtain en electric field infinite sheet figure shows large conducting slab put net charge conductor distributed equally faces
classical model discussed electric conduction modifications due quantum mechanics account ohm law temperature dependence resistivity conductivity deal important question materials conductors insulators seen enormous variation conductivity resistivity conductors insulators difference conductor insulator characterized empirically density charge carriers conductor number charge carriers atom insulators number charge carriers nearly discuss qualitatively need important ideas quantum mechanics energy electron atom quantized idea put forward bohr proposed energy values levels hydrogen atom simple formula integer lowest energy hydrogen atom corresponds energies expression values simple formulas exist energies electrons complicated atoms important point discussion atom discrete set energies quantum mechanical result needed understand materials conductors exclusion principle electrons opposite spins occupy quantum consider moment identical atoms atom set allowed energy levels
known early greeks ago stones magnesia called magnetite attract pieces iron early experiments magnetism concerned chiefly behavior permanent magnets known magnet navigation written reference early twelfth century important discovery pierre de laid needle spherical natural magnet positions marked directions needle lines encircled magnet meridian lines encircle earth passing points opposite ends sphere analogy meridian lines earth called points poles magnet noted experimenters magnet shape poles north pole south pole magnetic force exerted magnet strongest poles magnets repel unlike poles attract william gilbert discovered compass needle definite directions earth permanent magnet north pole compass needle attracted north geographic pole earth north geographic pole earth actually south magnetic pole attraction repulsion magnetic poles studied quantitatively john mitchell torsion balance showed attraction repulsion poles magnets equal strength vary inversely square distance poles results confirmed shortly coulomb law force magnetic poles similar electric charges important difference magnetic poles occur pairs
preoccupation continuum explaining mysterious orderliness finding pleasing simplicity conceptions physics characterized einstein beginning highly creative persons power derived merely physical ideas fusion scientific interests characteristics human synthesis perception laws nature daring physics present einstein ways everyday thinking behaving child young student ability difficult puzzle early trait showed mere obstinacy commonly reported withdrawn child preferring play erecting complicated constructions infinite patience making fantastic card houses floors unable unwilling talk age school exceptional student preferring follow thoughts later stuck ideas persistence experiments theories experiments turned wrong persisted skepticism concerning fundamental explanatory power quantum mechanics dedication problems field theory unlike physicists single mindedness concentration revolutionary ideas deep suspicion established authority science daily young student quietly challenged established ideas physics abhorred current political religious social conventions
imagine region space attractive gravitational force intense light rays venturing bent circular orbit region matter radiation communication kind escape black hole exciting creatures theoretical physics possibly bizarre object space implicitly predicted einstein theory gravity general relativity black holes theoretically discovered oppenheimer snyder highly properties black holes seriously physicists astronomers mid verge confirming discover space black hole concept black hole stretches ideas space limits surface black hole called horizon closed boundary escape speed exceeds speed light prediction surface sufficiently compact bodies basis newton theory gravity special relativity escape speed particle launched surface spherical mass radius chapter satisfies exceeds speed light particle photon escape required special relativity remarkable result interior black hole causally disconnected rest universe physical process occurring inside horizon communicate existence effects spherical black hole mass horizon sphere circumference equal times radius hole exact numerical coincidence radius newtonian analog accidental
neutrons emitted fission energies order mev cross section capture leading fission largest small energies chain reaction easily sustained neutrons slowed escape reactor high energies mev neutrons lose energy rapidly scattering leaving nucleus excited decays emission neutron energy excitation energies reactor elements mev main process energy loss elastic scattering fast neutron collides nucleus essentially rest transfers kinetic energy energy transfers elastic scattering efficient masses bodies comparable neutron transfer energy elastic collision heavy nucleus natural uranium percent percent fissionable moderator consisting material water carbon light nuclei fissionable material core reactor slow neutrons neutrons slowed elastic collisions nuclei moderator neutrons thermal equilibrium moderator large neutron capture cross section hydrogen water reactors ordinary water moderator enriched uranium content increased percent natural uranium heavy water replaces ordinary light water moderator heavy water expensive canadian reactors moderator avoid cost constructing uranium enrichment facilities ability control reproduction factor important power reactor operate degree safety natural negative feedback mechanisms mechanical methods control
large amount data collected desirable find summarize information concise statements accomplish goal called laws sense simply serve convenient means storage vast quantities experimental facts provide means predicting results untried experiments instance found hydrogen gas oxygen gas temperature pressure combine produce water volumes hydrogen needed completely volume oxygen simple statement law dealing reaction hydrogen oxygen cubic feet oxygen gas predict cubic feet hydrogen gas needed react completely law expressed simple verbal statement law discussed regarding reaction hydrogen oxygen law stated form equation observed force attraction oppositely charged particles decreases distance separation increases accurately stated coulomb equation law force attraction oppositely charged particles charges particles distance separation laws commonly expressed equation form noted law simply large quantities information laws explain nature behaves scientists human despite heard contrary satisfied simple statements fact seek explain observations
energy defined capacity object possesses energy affect objects moving car possesses energy car moving distance collision coal oil possess energy burned heat liberated harnessed energy transferred object units energy object possess energy ways kinetic energy potential energy kinetic energy motion equal half object mass multiplied velocity squared amount moving body depends mass velocity truck moving miles hr rear end car bicycle moving speed truck moving miles hr car traveling miles hr potential energy represents energy body possesses attractive repulsive forces experiences objects attractive repulsive forces body possess potential energy potential energy affected forces consider balls connected coiled spring shown figure balls pulled spring stretched energy spent separating balls stored stretched spring say potential energy balls increased energy released converted kinetic energy balls allowed move
early attempts account existence line spectra basis motion electrons atom met complete failure electron moving nucleus curved path simply leave atom particle moving constant speed curved path undergoes acceleration according accepted laws physics charged particle electron undergoes acceleration continuously lose energy emitting electromagnetic radiation fact radio tv signals broadcast electricity pumped antenna proper frequency starting stopping acceleration charge antenna radiate electromagnetic waves terms atom known laws physics implied electron gradually lose energy spiral nucleus resulting collapse atom atoms collapse physicists faced problem challenged fundamental theories problem found origin max planck albert einstein demonstrated addition possessing wave properties light particle properties instances light behaves composed tiny packets quanta energy later called photons energy photon emitted absorbed substance proportional frequency light quantities related equation photon proportionality constant called planck constant joule seconds units product energy niels bohr developed theory incorporated ideas planck einstein successfully accounted spectrum hydrogen
express proportions solute solvent solution concentration solute mixture concentration stated quantitatively variety ways terms concentrated dilute wish speak qualitative terms relative proportions solvent solute concentrated solution large amount solute present solvent dilute solution hand possesses small quantity solute terms meaning relationship imply specific quantities solute solvent concentrated sulfuric acid comparison solution dilute solution considered concentrated comparison solution cases limit amount solute dissolve fixed quantity solvent temperature add sodium chloride ml water salt dissolve regardless total amount place water solution dissolved solute hold contact excess solute saturated solute required saturation unsaturated solubility solute amount required achieve saturated solution amount solvent solubility nacl water ml solute solubility temperature
pressure generated piston applied fluid gas liquid illustrated figure transmitted uniformly directions walls container experience pressure piston supported fluid fluid exerts equal pressure piston walls container ability trapped gases exert pressure demonstrated inflate automobile tire cases tires support car inflated pressure approximately lb psi reason tire flat springs leak gases flow region high pressure region lower pressure flow inside tire atmosphere atmosphere earth mixture gases exert pressure called atmospheric pressure measure pressure device called barometer figure shows barometer constructed filling glass tube meter mercury spilling dish mercury open end submerged figure mercury tube completely pour inverted maintains height reservoir keeps mercury tube pressure atmosphere pushing surface mercury dish height mercury column found independent diameter length glass tube space appears mercury space practical purposes vacuum
learned section molecules ideal gas attractive forces cooled absolute condensing liquid molecules real gas attract behavior similar shown figure gas cooled volume begins fall charles law suddenly substance condenses liquid smaller volume lower temperatures freezes solid manifestation attractive forces gas molecules cooling occurs compressed gas allowed expand freely vacuum gas expands average distance separation molecules increases forces attraction moving molecules requires energy source energy kinetic energy gas process expansion kinetic energy converted potential energy removal kinetic energy leads course decrease average kinetic energy gas average kinetic energy directly related temperature gas cooler real gases deviate ideal behavior especially high pressure low temperature ideal gas law highly accurate calculations improve accuracy modify ideal gas law account factors real gas differ ideal gas suppose gas molecules container stopped allowed settle bottom part volume container occupied gas molecules remaining free space volume container
substances benzene carbon tetrachloride intermolecular attractive forces nearly magnitude compounds form solutions virtually evolution absorption heat solutions solute solute solute solvent solvent solvent interactions called ideal solutions energy occur series steps devised arrive solution shown graphically figure ideal solution energy released final step absorbed net change molecules solute solvent attract strongly molecules kind energy released expanded solute solvent brought required separate place figure circumstances solution process result evolution heat exothermic occurs acetone important solvent nail polish remover water mixed solute solvent attractive forces weaker pure solute pure solvent formation solution requires net input energy energy absorbed separating molecules steps recovered solute solvent brought figure case solution cool formed signifying endothermic change occurred happens ethanol hydrocarbon solvent mixed nonpolar molecules hydrogen bonded ethanol molecules effectively destroying hydrogen bonds absorbs energy solution cool approach energetics solution solid liquid liquid liquid
expansions figures show values depend change carried chemistry apply chemical system answer question let consider ordinary automobile battery redox reaction source electricity discover energy form depends discharge battery simply steel bar place terminals sparks fly battery hot energy produced chemical reaction inside battery appears heat hand connect battery electric motor starter car energy reaction battery crank engine rotates parts moves pistons accomplished motor offers resistance flow electricity motor supplied opposing pressure electrical pressure particulary interesting careful measurements find amount battery depends fast discharged discharge quickly offering resistance flow electricity heat generated increase resistance slow rate energy removed limit energy withdrawn infinitely slowly battery barely able overcome opposing resistance case maximum
chemical kinetics referred chemical dynamics concerned speeds rates chemical reactions area chemistry study factors control rapidly chemical occur include nature reactants products factors equal reactions naturally fast naturally slow depending chemical makeup molecules ions involved concentrations reacting species molecules react meet probability happen homogeneous mixture increases concentrations increase heterogeneous reactions reactants separate phases rate depends area contact phases small particles larger area large particle total mass decreasing particle size increases reaction rate devastating results opening photograph chapter effect temperature nearly chemical reactions place faster temperatures increased influence agents call catalysts rates reactions including virtually biochemical reactions affected substances called catalysts actually course reaction studying factors affect rate reaction serves purposes adjust conditions reaction system obtain products quickly importance commercial manufacture chemicals obvious adjust conditions reaction occur slowly helpful instance controlling growth fungi microorganisms spoil foods
electrochemical processes practical importance chemistry everyday electrolytic cells provide information chemical environment energy required important oxidation reduction reactions occur addition electrolysis important chemicals find lives examples lye naoh soap paper chemicals liquid bleach naocl galvanic cells dry cell nicad battery powered flashlights radios electronic calculators wristwatches cameras children toys familiar lead storage battery achieved widespread applications especially automotive industry recently fuel cells energy combustion fuels converted directly electricity finding especially space vehicles electrochemical aided scientists producing modern equipment pollution analysis biomedical research aid tiny electrochemical probes scientists beginning study chemical reactions taking place living cells processes discussed chapter begin let understand qualitatively electrolytic solutions conduct electricity substance classified conductor electricity able allow electrical charges moved point purpose completing electrical circuit earlier discussion solids metals conductors electricity free movement electrons metallic lattice conduction simply called metallic conduction chapter solutions electrolytes ability conduct electricity case free electrons solution carry current conduct
represents single case proper choice electrodes concentration single ionic species selectively measured research area electrochemistry scientists developed practical electrodes emf depends concentration species electrodes called ion selective electrodes conjunction reference electrode potential remains constant known ion selective electrode solution reference electrode ion selective electrode emf measured voltage immediately calculate concentration species determined electrodes found importance areas chemical analysis pollution analysis clinical measurements oceanography geology type ion selective electrode shown figure consists thin walled membrane sealed end hollow tube inside tube contact membrane reference solution immersed solution wire wire extends reference solution tube top electrical contact circuitry material membrane composition reference solution depends species measured cations concentration determined electrodes listed table glass electrode ion selective electrode membrane electrode extremely thin piece glass reference solution inside dilute hcl solution concentration known remains constant wire electrode silver wire coated silver chloride
alkali metals sublimation energy remains approximately constant descend group ionization energy decreases reach peak energy diagram require greatest amount energy li amount cs small size high ionic potential hydration li interacts strongly water group ia ions result hydration energy li unusually large greater ions group net enthalpy change exothermic li turn li easily oxidized alkali metal words extraordinarily high hydration energy small li ion compensates high ionization energy li unexpectedly large negative easy loss electrons alkali metals interesting behavior liquid ammonia seen metals capable reducing water liberate ammonia easily reduced water solvent alkali metals dissolve reaction form deep blue solutions generally agreed color identical liquid ammonia solutions alkali metals ca sr ba group iia result presence free electrons ammonia molecules apparently metal dissolves loses valence electron electron surrounded molecules arranged positive ends directed negatively charged electron shown figure stabilizing solutions alkali metal liquid ammonia expect presence readily electrons excellent reducing agents
field biochemistry large complex certainly hope explore fully single chapter content examine types biomolecules apparent functions operations living cell nearly compounds found living system composed primarily carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen sulfur part depend carbon molecular backbone general molecules large molecular weights ranging million cases macromolecules constructed small number simple molecules purpose discussing kinds biomolecules place nearly classes proteins carbohydrates lipids nucleic acids proceed remember expected memorize names formulas compounds discuss chapter concentrate types molecules involved combine general features resulting structures proteins large molecules molecular weights ranging approximately constitute nearly dry weight cells depending individual protein serve variety functions living organism hormones insulin serve chemical messengers coordinate biochemical activities insulin controls level sugar bloodstream promoting absorption cells enzymes act catalysts biochemical reactions discuss section proteins serve transport substances organism
unlike dna rna occurs single strands addition types rna called messenger rna mrna serves carry genetic code dna template nucleus ribosomes type rna molecule called transfer rna trna smaller mrna acts amino acid carrier decoding mechanism examine momentarily adds amino acid growing polypeptide chain place mechanism process believed occur involved duplication dna known instance production mrna takes place nucleus untwisted segment dna chain segment corresponds gene characteristic protein synthesized mrna strand produced sequence bases determined base pairing sequence bases dna pairing scheme case uracil occurs rna thymine formed mrna transported nucleus active site protein synthesis known genetic code directs insertion amino acids proper sequence growing polypeptide chain consists sets bases called amino acids brought proper place trna able decipher code molecule trna nucleotide units bases addition minor bases interesting amino acids minor bases base sequences brought characteristic shape maximum base pairing assumed
late germany chemists otto fritz physicist lise meitner found bombarded neutrons unexpected products isotopes neutrons significance accidental discovery explained meitner nephew otto pointed fragmentation splitting taking place large amount energy emitted process splitting atom approximately equal parts known fission results fission tested substantiated enrico fermi columbia university york city physicists berkeley california unfortunately scientists saw military applications fission process albert einstein alerted president roosevelt possibilities roosevelt responded establishing manhattan project research efforts led bombs dropped hiroshima nagasaki ultimately production energy controlled nuclear fission neutrons produced fission neutrons required reactant fission process potentially initial reaction capable triggering additional reactions figure reactions turn trigger permitting nuclear chain reaction place occurs pure present fission reaction place evolution tremendous amount energy mentioned earlier abundant isotope uranium found naturally occurring ores isotope fact prohibit fission chain reaction occurring
mixture consists pure substances matter composed mixtures seawater dissolved salts river water suspended mud hard water salts calcium magnesium iron seawater river water dissolved oxygen fish aquatic survive composition mixture changed properties mixture depend percentage pure substance steel mixture steel starts pure substance iron refiners add varying percentages carbon nickel chromium substances obtain steels desired hardness tensile strength corrosion resistance properties type steel depend substances mixed iron relative percentage type chromium nickel steel chromium nickel surface easily hardened property makes valuable manufacture automobile gears pistons transmissions stainless steel manufacture surgical instruments foodprocessing equipment kitchenware mixture iron chromium nickel chromium nickel steel composition polished smooth surface resistant rusting pure substances mixtures exist physical states solid liquid gas air gaseous mixture approximately nitrogen oxygen varying percentages gases rubbing alcohol liquid mixture approximately isopropyl alcohol water steel solid mixture iron pure substances tell appearance sample mixture river water clouded mud silt particles mixture
radioactivity common phenomenon isotopes known occur nature radioactive thousand radioactive isotopes produced laboratory element atomic number natural artificially produced radioactive isotope known isotopes hydrogen radioactive hydrogen commonly known tritium oxygen earth abundant element known isotopes radioactive oxygen iodine element widely nuclear medicine known isotopes ranging mass iodine stable isotope naturally occurring uranium known isotopes radioactive nuclei undergoing radioactive decay release kinds emissions discuss alpha particles beta particles gamma rays forms ionizing radiation called passage matter leaves trail ions section molecular debris alpha particle helium atom stripped extra nuclear electrons protons neutrons electrons balance positive charges protons alpha particle charge represented symbol particle ejected decaying nucleus alpha particles interact matter path photographic film lead shielding body tissue alpha particles strip electrons atoms move matter wake leave trail positive ions atoms electrons removed free electrons single alpha particle ejected high speed nucleus create ions path takes electrons neutral helium atom
periodic table elements arranged horizontal rows order increasing atomic number row called period periods numbered differ number elements period elements periods elements apiece periods elements room elements periods period elements present looking figure notice order fit periodic table normal book page elements table elements period atomic numbers elements period atomic numbers arrangement elements periodic table electron configuration compare number elements period table number electrons added atom building electron configuration energy level filled electrons similarly period table elements hydrogen atomic number helium atomic number energy level filled electrons period elements moving lithium atomic number neon atomic number energy level add electrons electrons enter fourth energy level likewise period elements sodium atomic number argon atomic number fourth energy level add electrons electrons added energy level ten electrons added electrons
addition kinetic energy sample matter potential energy stored largely interatomic intermolecular bonds addition energy sample change temperature change kj kcal energy added ice ice melts liquid water change temperature change solid liquid added energy counteracted forces held water molecules rigid ice structure break bonds molecules molecules bonds atoms ions molecules substance range strong comparatively weak rule thumb melting boiling points substance measure strength intermolecular interatomic bonds high melting substance strong intermolecular bonds low melting substance comparatively weak intermolecular bonds bonding substances melting points room temperature falls categories discussed bonds interatomic chapter discussed covalent bonds small molecules low melting network covalent solids figure atom bonded atoms entire structure thought huge covalent molecule enormous molecular weight compounds high melting points diamonds mp quartz mp typical covalent solids chapter discussed ionic compounds pointing particles ionic compound atoms molecules ions solid ions held regular rigid structure figure electrostatic forces attraction oppositely charged particles noted section
ordinary conditions sea level gases behave alike behavior explained kinetic molecular theory postulates theory describe properties gas molecules ways molecules gas attraction negligible percent volume gas sample due volume molecules volume empty space molecules gas constant rapid motion kinetic energy speed motion increases temperature increases molecules collide frequently walls container kinetic energy lost collisions clearly actual properties individual gases vary postulates molecules real volume attraction molecules discussion ignore variations concentrate ideal gas vary model gas sample obeys number laws relate volume pressure temperature mass properties measured mass volume measured methods samples liquids solids temperature measured scale celsius fahrenheit kelvin temperature calculation kelvin scale standard temperature gases temperature properties gases compared pressure defined force unit area measured units dimensions force unit area air pressure tires measured pounds square inch psi pressure atmosphere frequently measured mercury barometer pressure easily understood consider barometer measures pressure basic features mercury barometer shown figure
treatment plant water travel settling basins suspended solids deposited chlorine ozone added kill bacteria present recent discoveries chlorine react organic molecules present water form carcinogenic compounds favored ozone bacterial control activated charcoal added absorb undesired organic material water filtered pumped system dissolved minerals present appreciable quantity water hard taste characteristic water supplies due dissolved minerals minerals water hard expensive nuisance hard water heated carbonates precipitate forming boiler scale hot water pipes teakettles scale prevents efficient transfer heat requires frequent replacement pipes soaps lather hard water soap sodium potassium salt large organic acid soap added hard water calcium magnesium salt acid formed salts insoluble curdy substances form gray scum lather chapter discussion soaps current widespread detergents hard water result problem detergents salts organic acids calcium magnesium salts acids soluble water detergents lather easily hard soft water fact ecological problems widespread detergents enormous amount foam produced foam persisted sewage treatment plants streams treated sewage released detergent manufacturers quickly responded situation producing detergents biodegradable generally eliminating problem
certainly familiar physical properties alkanes everyday experience low molecular weight alkanes methane natural gas ethane propane butane gases room temperature atmospheric pressure higher molecular weight alkanes gasoline kerosene liquids high molecular weight alkanes found paraffin wax solids melting points boiling points densities ten alkanes listed table account trends physical properties need consider molecular structure alkanes alkanes nonpolar molecules forces attraction alkane molecules weak dispersion forces section interaction forces alkane molecules weak alkanes lower boiling points type compound molecular weight number atoms molecular weight alkane increases number dispersion forces molecule increases boiling points alkane increase molecular weight increases melting points alkanes increase increasing molecular weight increase regular observed boiling points density alkanes listed table ml higher molecular weight hydrocarbons found crude oil paraffin wax ml alkanes dense water ml observation certainly oil water mix gasoline dissolve water refer organic compounds insoluble water hydrophobic water hating alkanes dissolve nonpolar liquids carbon tetrachloride carbon disulfide course hydrocarbons alkanes structural isomers compounds physical chemical properties
benzene colorless liquid boiling point isolated michael faraday oily liquid collected illuminating gas lines london molecular formula suggests high degree remember saturated alkane carbons formula saturated carbons formula considering fact benzene fewer hydrogens cyclohexane expected benzene highly reactive show reactions characteristic alkenes alkynes surprisingly benzene undergo characteristic alkene reactions benzene react bromine hydrogen chloride hydrogen bromide reagents add double triple bonds react benzene substitution hydrogen atoms replaced atom group atoms benzene reacts bromine presence ferric bromide form bromobenzene hydrogen bromide terms aromatic aromatic compounds classify benzene number derivatives distinctive odors clear sounder classification compounds based aroma chemical term aromatic refer unusual chemical properties benzene derivatives resistant typical alkene addition reactions react substitution common ways describe structure benzene terms lewis structures terms overlap atomic orbitals let look descriptions carbon atoms benzene form regular hexagon bond angles hydrogen atom bonded carbon lewis structures ia ib drawn arrangement atoms differ positions double bonds
united states natural gas major source raw materials manufacture ethylene approximately natural gas consumed purpose europe japan supplies natural gas limited result countries depend entirely catalytic cracking petroleum derived naphtha ethylene countries produce aromatic hydrocarbons benzene xylene naphtha produce ethylene problem naphtha heavy demand source straight run gasoline catalytic cracking reforming produce higher octane source starting materials organic chemical industry price naphtha increased steadily step increased worldwide demand upward spiral demand price provided incentive europe japan recently united states develop ethylene generating technology higher boiling petroleum fractions gas oil depended past natural gas naphtha raw materials ethylene manufacture future depend gas oil meet need depend coal coal liquefaction technologies advance seen ethylene let turn question ethylene starting material synthesis billion pounds chemicals polymers table major derivatives polyethylene ethylene oxide ethylene vinyl chloride styrene concentrate major derivative ethylene fabricated polyethylene plastics account approximately ethylene country
starch reserve carbohydrate plants found plant seeds tubers form glucose stored later plants starch separated fractions making paste water warming fraction amylose comprising starch soluble water water insoluble fraction amylopectin amylose molecular weight range glucose units amylopectin molecular weight range glucose units ray diffraction studies amylose show continuous unbranched chain glucose units joined bonds amylopectin highly branched structure type repetitive sequence bonds amylose chain lengths vary units addition considerable branching linear network branch points chain started linkage carbon glucose unit carbon glucose unit carbohydrates stored plants polysaccharides monosaccharides answer osmotic pressure section proportional molar concentration molecular weight solute assume molecules glucose assembled starch predict solution gram starch ml osmotic pressure solution gram glucose volume solution feat packaging tremendous advantage reduces strain membranes enclosing macromolecules glycogen reserve carbohydrate animals amylopectin glycogen nonlinear polymer glucose units joined bonds lower molecular weight highly branched structure
present industrial manufacture soap tallow fat cattle sheep heated sodium hydroxide saponification complete sodium chloride added precipitate soap thick curds water layer drawn glycerol recovered vacuum distillation crude soap sodium chloride sodium hydroxide glycerol impurities removed boiling curds water salt soap processing inexpensive industrial soap fillers sand pumice added scouring soap treatments transform crude soap laundry soaps medicated soaps cosmetic soaps liquid soaps soap owes remarkable cleansing properties ability act emulsifying agent regarded end organic portion natural soap polar negatively charged hydrophilic water seeking group interacts surrounding water molecules hydrogen bonding ion dipole interactions regarded end nonpolar hydrophobic water repelling hydrocarbon chain interact surrounding water molecules hydrocarbon chains natural soaps insoluble water cluster attracted dispersion forces clusters called soap charged groups form negatively charged surface nonpolar water insoluble hydrocarbon chains lie buried center figure soap net negative charges remain suspended dispersed mutual repulsion things commonly think dirt grease oil fat stains nonpolar insoluble water soap dirt mixed washing machine nonpolar hydrocarbon ends soap dissolve nonpolar dirt molecules
successful antibiotics penicillins called miracle drugs truly remarkable drugs completely harmless living organisms classes bacteria result extensive research structure chemistry mechanism activity penicillins safe say clearer understanding penicillins class antibiotics discovery penicillin purely accidental scottish bacteriologist alexander fleming later sir alexander fleming reporting working staphylococcal variants number culture plates set laboratory bench examined examinations plates necessarily exposed air contaminated microorganisms noticed large colony contaminating mold staphylococcal colonies transparent obviously undergoing lysis sufficiently interested substance produced mold pursue subject contaminating mold fleming named substance penicillin despite attempts unable isolate purify active form nonetheless continued maintain cultures mold outbreak war europe stimulated intensive search drugs britain potential fleming penicillin howard florey australian experimental pathologist ernst chain jewish chemist fled nazi germany worked project newly discovered technique freeze drying succeeded isolating penicillin fleming cultures months larger quantities purified penicillin physical chemical properties determined florey chain published report treatment bacterial infection mice later drug tested humans
normal conditions concentration glucose blood mg ml level rises meal falls fasting level point onset hunger blood glucose falls mg ml condition known hypoglycemia hypoglycemia danger cells central nervous system tissues depend glucose nourishment receive adequate supplies glucose blood glucose levels rise mg ml condition known liver key organ regulating concentration glucose blood glucose absorbed meal liver counters increase removing glucose blood stream glucose removed blood liver ways converted glycogen triglycerides stored liver generate atp heat concentration glucose blood stream represents balance cellular intake storage catabolism defect regulation blood glucose levels detected glucose tolerance test measures ability tissues absorb glucose blood part test depends fact kidneys limited ability glucose filter purify blood stream blood glucose levels lower approximately mg ml virtually glucose reabsorbed kidneys returned blood stream blood glucose levels exceed mg ml kidneys longer absorb excess passed urine
reactions illustrate important characteristics phosphate pathway pool synthesis nucleic acids illustrated pool nadp oxidizing agent generates reduced nadph major function nadph reducing agent biosynthesis molecules adipose tissue high demand reducing power support synthesis fatty acids chapter rich nadp nadph comparison glycolysis oxidation pyruvate acid cycle require fad oxidizing agents coenzymes reduced major generation atp electron transport section phosphate pathway especially important normal functioning red blood cells cells depend pathway supply nadph reducing agent maintain iron atoms hemoglobin activity phosphate pathway controlled regulation enzyme pathway glucose phosphate dehydrogenase genetic disease glucose phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency affects million mediterranean tropical areas disease operation phosphate pathway decreased due defect regulatory enzyme result concentrations nadph lower normal membranes fragile rupture easily normal average lifespan erythrocytes reduced clinical condition results glucose phosphate deficiency called hemolytic anemia sickle cell anemia essay abnormal human disease appears individuals resistant forms malaria parasites
important function amino acids terms total amino acid utilization building blocks synthesis proteins estimated amino acid metabolism normal healthy adult devoted purpose maintenance body proteins simple matter tissue proteins hydrolyzed constantly normal wear tear eat proteins hydrolyzed gut amino acids amino acids food combined hydrolysis tissue proteins form called amino acid pool proteins synthesized radioisotopes idea extent turnover body proteins amino acid pool half liver proteins days means period half proteins liver hydrolyzed amino acids replaced equivalent proteins half plasma proteins days hemoglobin days muscle protein days half collagen considerably longer proteins enzymes polypeptide hormones shorter half lives insulin released pancreas estimated minutes clearly stability body protein apparent real represents dynamic balance degradation synthesis spite turnover total amount body protein remains constant adults means amount amino acids required synthesis body proteins amount obtained hydrolysis body proteins roughly equivalent amino acid pool adults surplus approximately equal amino acids obtained diet
chemistry look observe forms colors objects surround reach feel textures substance objects listen sounds experience physical environment pick object ask things science chemistry evolved questioning call substances materials physical environment matter chemistry science composition behavior matter chemistry branch human knowledge human need understand describe things substances similar substances change probed intermixed today chemistry fundamental part human thought chemical view environment satisfying live chemical terms types matter isolated chemists called chemicals chemicals eat chemicals chemicals chemical terms part everyday communications product polyunsaturated oils low sodium diet watch calories yogurt recommended daily allowance protein catalytic converter designed cut carbon monoxide hydrocarbon output internal combustion engine iodized salt applied chemistry abounds industrialized society chemistry fundamental medicine drugs nutrition nearly consumer product chemical processes preparation marketing chemical research delving numerous aspects environment including processes study chemistry provide exciting view environment comfortable chemical terminology
matter makes occurs variety forms shapes sizes colors textures look obvious variety matter part process chemistry investigation matter separating types classifying types matter composed chemical substances realm chemistry ancient greeks thought kinds substances earth water air fire imagined objects composed combination elementary materials actually observing matter forms called physical states phases energy fire involved alterations matter states matter solid liquid gas vapor matter solid rock piece metal definite volume definite shape liquid water oil occupies definite volume specific shape volume liquid flexible shape container holds gas definite shape volume occupy entire container chemists interested finding things observe properties matter characteristics properties serve distinguish type matter matter mixtures materials look closely soil components concrete obviously mixture foods varied forms plant animal cells grain piece wood reveals wood mixture
atoms extremely tiny particles small locate individual atoms kind measurements atoms large samples substances collections atoms obtain measure relative masses atoms elements relative mass mean compare mass atom element mass atom element typical atom carbon slightly times mass typical helium atom accurate method measuring relative masses atoms mass sensitive method instrument called mass spectrometer electrically charged atoms encouraged move magnetic field shown figure moving atoms curved paths directly related masses analogy figure imagine standing high bridge brisk wind blowing dropped balls mass say tennis ball handball baseball bridge deflected wind differently curved path carefully measuring curvature paths atoms define mass spectrometer relative masses atoms measured addition specific element mass spectrometer measure relative masses isotopes obtain measure percentage isotopes extensive studies naturally occurring elements shown percentage isotope element essentially constant
energy released electrons falling lower energy orbitals atoms takes form radiant energy light words electrons fall orbitals energy converted light fact light flame colored light fireworks comes loss energy excited electrons atoms elements differ number electrons energies electron orbitals element emit characteristic colors light energetically excited fireworks compounds specific elements added produce desired colors sodium compounds yellow strontium compounds red copper compounds blue barium compounds green consider examples light atoms neon tube glass tube electrical conductors sealed ends tube filled neon gas energetically excited passing electricity tube electrical energy absorbed neon atoms electrons excited excited electrons fall lower energy orbitals characteristic red orange light neon tube emitted electricity flows atoms excited light gas tube give colored light characteristic gas calculators red displays displays light emitting diodes led electrical current passed diodes characteristic red light emitted diodes arranged pattern decimal digits displayed course electrical current turned output light stops correct form energy supplied specific substances light emitted
imagine reaction occurs oxygen hydrogen gases interact atoms elements loss gain electrons occurs form ions atoms able attain stable configuration coming close contact sharing pairs electrons specific atoms sharing electrons formed let consider sharing occurs formation simple compound hydrogen chlorine suppose atom hydrogen atom chlorine approach shown figure tendency hydrogen atom electrons chlorine atom electrons outer level shown figure atoms attain stability sharing electrons electrons localized electron nuclei attractions sufficient hold atoms result atoms attain stable configuration mutual possession sharing electrons sharing produces specific aggregation atoms sharing electron pair hydrogen electrons chlorine octet outer level electrons octet rule satisfied sharing loss gain electrons nonmetals metalloids form compounds atoms attain stability sharing electrons sharing electron pair atoms acts bonding force hold atoms aggregation type chemical bond called covalent bond cooperation valent valence combining capacity simple picture formation covalent bond view bond involving valence electron orbitals atoms concerned recall orbital filled electrons
chemical hopefully chemical information historical origin alexander conquered parts egypt greeks built temple dedicated god fires built temple camel chips fuel practice discovered white crystalline material deposited walls temple soot fires white saltlike material known sal meant salt today compound named ammonium chloride called sal eighteenth century sal produce gaseous compound ammonia source today official compound ability chemical compounds deduce chemical composition important study chemistry systems nomenclature developed kinds compounds names convey information composition compounds called systematic names names chemical compounds developed historically systems nomenclature established names generally systematic convey information concerning structure compound names called common trivial names familiar water common invariably table lists formulas important compounds common names accepted table lists trivial chemical names familiar compounds methods nomenclature ionic covalent compounds discussing methods nomenclature important consider group compounds ionic covalent
reaction exothermic energy shown product energy released reaction takes place energy product side equation show reaction exothermic energy chemical reaction related nature chemical species involved reaction section reaction exothermic endothermic determined experimental observation instance carbon oxygen react give carbon dioxide observed energy released energy reaction depends reaction reaction conditions amounts reactants measure amount energy exchanged reaction allowing reaction occur controlled conditions energy exchanged chemical reaction called heat reaction enthalpy change word enthalpy comes greek word meaning warm heat imagine place mole carbon mole oxygen gas reaction vessel specific conditions reaction initiated producing mole carbon dioxide design experiment amount heat released measured terms kilo joules heats reaction thousands joules kilo joules convenient unit heat reaction enthalpy change reaction carbon oxygen kj words mole carbon mole oxygen gas react form mole carbon dioxide kj heat released heats reaction reactions determined experimentally heats reaction determined controlled conditions temperature pressure
feel wind blowing face smell fragrance perfume room experiencing matter gaseous gases interested stimulated imaginations scientists centuries fascination experience seeing fact investigations gases fundamental development atomic theory discussed chapter constituent particles molecules atoms gases darting high speeds motion contributes interesting properties gases capture gas container container closed gas indefinitely describe gas sample volume container temperature sample exert pressure container pressure measuring device attached container device register specific pressure find shortly gases exert pressures let consider pressure pressure defined force unit area expressed pressure units discussed section illustrate idea pressure place tip pen pencil magazine notebook push note slight indentation paper resulting push force exerted area tip place pen pencil magazine notebook jab repeatedly paper jabbing repeatedly applies pressure paper similar happens gas molecules collide objects pressure exerted objects gas results force molecules gas constantly colliding exerting specific force unit area objects
accumulation air pollutants restricted geological area bring air pollution episode result weather fluctuations winds air masses swept horizontally region region atmosphere horizontal air movement disperse air pollutants means air mass movement occur rising warm air higher regions atmosphere air surface earth heated dense rises vertically replaced cooler air higher regions atmosphere vertical movement surface air disperse air pollutants higher regions atmosphere temperature air decreases altitude illustrated figure page air mass earth surface warmer cooler mass air moves low altitude underlies warm air mass results layer cooler air layer warm air shown figure layer warm air trapped cool air mass cooler air higher altitudes phenomenon called temperature inversion inversion occurs temperature air decreases altitude warm air layer level temperature begins increase altitude overlying cooler air reached point temperature decreases altitude usual temperature inversion occur sheltered air mass result immobile air mass pollutants accumulate temperature inversions break night inversion form inversion persist days temperature inversions occur cloudless sunny days discussed complicates air pollution episode
soluble ionic substances exist solution form cations ions solution continuous motion migrate solution momentarily interacting substance anion soluble water present supersaturated interaction ions sufficient aggregation ions crystalline solid ions remain dissolved mix solutions dissolved ionic substances ions mutually interact ions mixed constitute ions insoluble ionic substance ions combine insoluble solid separate solution reaction involving combination ions solution form solid phase called ion combination precipitation insoluble solid separates solution called precipitate precipitation generally occurs quickly precipitate forms instant solutions mixed slowly settles solution precipitates colors appearances precipitates flocculent fluffy gelatinous jellylike coagulated curdy lumpy crystalline powdery silky appearance precipitation ion combination reaction predicted solutions mixed knowing ionic compounds soluble insoluble compound insoluble constituent ions compound brought solution precipitation result solubilities common ionic compounds water summarized form solubility list based experimental observations recall ionic substances involve metal ions combination nonmetal ions polyatomic
water solution hydrogen chloride acetic acid acidic solutions acids differ important reaction acids water reveals differ hydrogen chloride reacts completely water form hydronium ion chloride ion reaction occurs extensively double arrow hydrogen chloride strong acid common strong acids nitric acid sulfuric acid term strong acid acid type mixed water reacts completely water form hydronium ion anion acetic acid contrast strong acid reacts water slight extent form hydronium ion acetate ion acids react water slight extent form low concentrations hydronium ion conjugate base called weak acids numerous weak acids weak acid solutions compared found acids vary ability react water greater tendency lose protons water weak acids rank list acids according strength table acids ranked according strength shown table page table lists acids according decreasing strengths stronger acid higher ranks table careful distinguish strong acid stronger acid acid conjugate base table acids include conjugate base acid table table lists bases hand column conjugate bases listed according relative strength
pure water ph rain water dissolves carbon dioxide atmosphere slightly acidic ph note table carbon dioxide water weak acid regions canada northern united states parts northern europe ph rain acidic normal rain acidity greater normal ph lower called acid rain occasion acid rains found low ph ph lemon juice rain acidic likely acidity rain increased dissolving acidic air pollutants especially sulfuric acid nitric acid recall section sulfur dioxide nitrogen oxides primary air pollutants chemical reactions atmosphere convert sulfur dioxide sulfur trioxide turn reacts water form sulfuric acid solution nitrogen dioxide air react water form solutions nitric acid nitrous acid secondary air pollutants source increased acidity rain acid rains consequences concentrated industrial activity regions reportedly affected acid rains large industrial regions united states europe vertical movement air tall smokestacks pollutants carried winds distant locations acid rains fall forests evidence inhibit tree growth acid rains change ph stream lake water acidity waters reaches levels fish breeding inhibited
similar cyclic compound biochemical importance group carbon number replaced hydrogen words oxygen group considered removed compound called deoxyribose represented section ribose deoxyribose involved structures dna rna glucose combined cellulose starch sugars free monosaccharide undoubtedly abundant organic compound nature important food source quick energy source found plants fruits vegetables present bloodstream animals glucose molecules link specific groups form compound maltose disaccharide monosaccharides joined glucose units linked carbon carbon called linkage disaccharide interest sucrose table sugar involves glucose linked form ring monosaccharide called fructose formulas page show sucrose components glucose units link form polymeric molecules known polysaccharides polysaccharides found plants animals polysaccharides involve chains hundreds thousands glucose units starch polysaccharide found seeds roots plants figure page digested food source actually forms starch occur plants amylose consists chains glucose units amylopectin consists branched chains glucose units glycogen polysaccharide found animals carbohydrates stored bodies glycogen
dna pattern synthesis rna place rna involved cellular synthesis proteins enzymes enzyme synthesis important cellular process enzymes body continuously replaced cells produced amino acids enzymes breakdown protein protein foods variety amino acids called amino acid pool cell specific enzymes synthesized cell according genetic code genes enzymes catalyze specific reactions taking place cell genetic code carries information produces variety specific enzymes resulting entire organism assuming inherited characteristics enzyme protein synthesis complex cellular process basic steps summarized figure page shown figure rna synthesis occurs nucleus dna pattern major types rna produced ribosomal rna migrates nucleus incorporated ribosomes protein synthesis occurs heterogeneous nuclear rna produced according patterns contained dna segments genes heterogeneous nuclear rna condensed exclusion unneeded portions messenger rna mrna messenger rna mrna pattern sequence bases complementary dna protein synthesis based mrna migrates nucleus attached ribosomes point attachment ribosomes mrna region protein synthesis occurs variety transfer trna migrate nucleus attached specific amino acids amino acid pool kinds rna amino acids
lewis electron dot structure molecule number electrons distributed atom polyatomic molecule octet rule satisfied specific atom occupies central position let call atom central atom methane carbon central atom pairs electrons deduce electron pairs arranged space able visualize shape molecule likely arrangement pairs electrons central atom answer valence shell electron pair repulsion theory vsepr states electron pairs repel arranged central atom deduce electron pairs located space carbon visualize shape molecule electron pairs represent bonds hydrogens arrangement pairs space describe hydrogens arranged space likely arrangement pairs electrons central atom answer question obtain small sticks toothpicks fine small ball clay piece gum marshmallow gumdrop push sticks clay try arrange dimensional pattern stick equal distance words try find arrangement angle sticks sticks likely arrangement pairs electrons central atom based idea pairs orbitals located
try define science immediately run difficulties trying define let difficulties vagueness differences opinion blind main ideas science defined common sense carried extremes defined thinking reasonable arrive agreement science strictly experimental exercise open differences opinion geology astronomy largely observational experimental accepted sciences sciences supposed objective extent found subject accepted object force gravity jump high building peril mean science progresses hunches luck imagination fads intrigue faith human emotion language art science differs important recognizes corrects mistakes thought blood important material passed hereditary features generation generation observation experiment proved idea wrong result closer achieving main objectives science predict control events tell reasonable limits outcome matings produce impressive number desired organisms art relies subjective evaluation taste period idea evolution affects biological thinking start obviously related clearly similar creatures identical twins find alike sex color structure minute details blood chemistry
believed enzyme inhibitors poisons prevent normal enzyme action fitting slots clogging space occupied reactants cell function adequate supply enzymes supplied additional substances provided suitable cellular environment adequate supply enzymes adequate means correct enzyme job proteins enzymes constructed amino acids amino acid composition primary structure enzyme give specific dimensional shape fits contact special molecule group similar molecules specificity enzyme action result shape enzyme molecule close contact molecule molecules substrates works enzymes large place active site enzyme plays catalytic role enzyme succeeds making intimate contact reactant molecule alter chemical bonds means breaking molecule sucrose converted simple sugars mean bringing compounds amino acids combined additional substances enzyme function enzymes catalyze reaction accompanied extra molecules substances metals magnesium zinc organic compounds helping compound experimentally removed enzyme removed enzyme incapacitated vitamins fact coenzymes
word nucleus derived latin word kernel core essential part nucleus control center cell information direct reproduction heredity cells simplest organisms bacteria related forms nucleus defined region clearly delimited general surrounding cytoplasm membrane flattened colorless easily visible light microscope nuclear boundary appears cell membrane important differences double membrane double membranes discernible space compartment nuclear membrane continuous numerous pores plastic balls children call balls figure nuclear membrane separates cytoplasm nuclear sap completely traffic nucleus cytoplasm theoretical experimental evidence says nuclear division chapter nuclear membrane breaks remains lost undetectable cytoplasm end division period nuclei formed er spreads nuclear membranes chromosome masses chromosomes structures deoxyribonucleic acid dna seen temporarily cell division chromosomes greek color bodies named textile dyes early biologists divisions chromosomes readily visible busy main functions regulating synthesis proteins nuclei cells higher organisms chromosomes vary number nucleus variety intestinal worm hundreds ferns shrimp size micrometer fungi micrometers fly larvae
organism sexually reproducing population genetically unique exceptions identical twins rare consider mass produced organisms plants field wheat fish school herring unique result fusion egg unique sperm unique group individuals identical genetic makeup clone avoiding usual sexual events meiosis fertilization plants asexual propagation cuttings grafting easy common practice thousands clone comes greek word means twig plants grains legumes readily grown cuttings grafted quantities plants prove cell cultures somatic embryos essay animals generally present chicken grow hen egg muscle tissue frog leg regenerate frog idea able clone animals fascinated biologists animal husbandry specialists recent theoretically challenge simply hard biologists mountain climbers want accomplish find side mountain practically economical herds cattle flocks fowl alike growth rate feeding requirements productivity efforts produce cloned animals biologists mainly eggs cells young embryos practice art nuclear transplantation
green algae higher plants share mosses ferns seed plants kinds chemical compounds photosynthetic pigments chlorophyll chlorophyll storage carbohydrate starch cellulose main constituent cell wall common ability plants synthesize substances points common ancestry reasonable include taxonomic unit organisms striking similarity algal groups included protista chapter green algae favorite objects study students professional biologists fascinated structural elegance microscopically delicate organisms green algae offer clues evolution vascular plants interest heightened figure giant kilometers mi tall forest thin film earth pond scums average human observer slimy messes worlds beauty brilliance color fine precision esthetic appeal adequately captured pictures green algae chloroplasts evolved ways living examples formed balls stars nets loops rings helices plant bodies range single cells branched unbranched filaments sheets thickened structures resemble parts higher plants green algae direct economic importance repeatedly suggested food sources domestic animals rapid growers manipulated form proteins fats high concentrations
insects latin cut reference thin neck wasp waist known greek feet represent culmination terrestrial evolution anthropod line bewildering variety forms activities species species found insects occur forms members biological group insects affect aspect daily living eat crops flowers destroy stored grains gnaw holes clothes carpets tunnel woodwork books bite skins pester livestock pets infest food carry plant diseases yellows mosaics witches brooms rots knots scabs stains mildews wilts blights streaks transmit animal diseases including human diseases tapeworm lung fluke guinea worm infections malaria sleeping sickness cattle fever dysentery plague anthrax typhoid fever cholera typhus spotted fever yellow fever encephalitis bees sting painfully death victim allergic stings provide honey bees responsible pollination fruits eat flowers enjoy staple grains wind pollinated general activities nature economy humans depend insects insects give silk serve fish bait shellac dyes aerate soil help undesirable weeds feed songbirds provide medicines butterflies moths beetles sources artistic inspiration offer pleasure amateur professional students insects ants grasshoppers grubs caterpillars eaten humans parts competition insects find insects allies kind
pregnancy sets series events motion ovaries affected embryo develops covering membranes placenta release hormone chorionic gonadotropin cg keeps corps luteum disintegrating remember pregnancy corpus luteum pregnancy implantation embryo triggers feedback corpus luteum remain period pregnancy scheme ensures corpus luteum continue produce progesterone amount progesterone remain especially large uterine wall break embryo separated uterus miscarriage embryo develops hormones secreted prolactin induce mammary glands breasts secrete milk childbirth stimulates uterine contractions expel baby uterus childbirth sound point entire mammalian reproductive method subject variability species species human species women living dormitory menstruate week segment month explain synchronization menstrual periods apparently influenced body odors change onset puberty young girls occurs ages puberty external genitalia uterus vagina breasts grow mature influence pituitary estrogen ovaries hair begins grow pubic region armpits pelvis widens fatty deposits active sex drive
amniocentesis technique obtaining cells unborn infant procedure locate fetus bouncing high frequency sounds recording echoes safe method unlike rays potentially dangerous embryos hypodermic needle inserted amnion directly abdominal wall embryo surrounded amnion amnion filled fluid number loose cells float cells embryo amnion derived original zygote genetically alike milliliters fl oz amniotic fluid drawn syringe grown tissue culture cells fluid studied directly cultured cells yield information nearly month needed establish satisfactory culture delay undesirable amniocentesis sex fetus determined satisfying curiosity parents medical importance important find chromosome abnormalities deformities chromosome situation read fair accuracy chromosomes chromosome number present usual pair prediction embryo allowed term survive infancy parents decide action terminate pregnancy abortion hand history abnormality family consequent doubt concerning unborn child amniocentesis provide reassurance showing chromosomes normal child healthy
soon stem apex produces leaf begins produce smaller mass cells leaf growth lateral axillary bud leaf mature axillary bud developed leaf axillary bud copy terminal apex proper stimulation begin grow terminal apex expand grow side branch shoot stem branches general originate manner stem branching root branching stem branches produced specifically nodes superficial cells originate stem apex root branches contrast root result meristematic cells originating deep inside root pericycle roots nodes surest ways distinguishing roots stems closely resemble patterns maturation monocot dicot stems follow dicot pattern figure stem cells mature vascular tissues differentiate number xylem strands form continuous cylinder inside stem ring separate strands outward xylem cylinder strands phloem cells begin differentiate millimeters centimeters apex depending species environmental conditions fully functional stem develops place cambium begun growth cells initially formed apex tissues composed cells primary tissues contrast secondary tissues derived later cambium
called involuntary activities body breathing regulation heart rate fact completely involuntary method control automatic body functions popularly called biofeedback learned important factor biofeedback training knowing happening cerebral visceral functions instance migraine headache sufferers aware headaches dilated blood vessels learned prevent vessels expanding felt headache approaching recently growing popular interest yoga eastern mysticism biofeedback training kind developed rapidly soothing alpha waves called heartbeats slowed steadied blood diverted hands potentially aching head skin temperature changed course chicanery accompanies fads especially profitable prescribed body positions incantations special costumes smells sounds decorative environments unnecessary aid faltering beginner strengthening resolve factor religious methods common insistence unswerving thought called prayer meditation concentration scheming directed thought difficult achieve expect rare disciplined concentration attend strictly single idea seconds legitimate efforts biofeedback training provide sought relief diseases epilepsy brain related problems illness need brain treated biofeedback techniques
bone percent water compared tissues body percent water solid portion bone composed mainly inorganic minerals especially calcium phosphate rest organic material bone cells bone collagen fibrous protein collagen minerals held substance resembles meshing crystallized concrete figure strength bone compared cast iron bone lighter flexible strength flexibility bone alive dynamic balance calcium minerals bones blood muscles depends largely ability minerals bones move bones parts body body calcium found bones calcium vital functions muscle contraction beating heart blood clotting calcium supply body drops required level calcium bones deposited blood transport site shortage body deprived food periods blood withdraws large quantities minerals bones pregnant woman reserve supply bone minerals provide fetus minerals needs build skeleton skeleton human embryo entirely cartilage months begins harden cells flexible cartilage replaced bone cells remove calcium phosphate minerals blood deposit form bones
land dwelling animals developed lungs moist saclike organs fine network blood vessels lungs appeared animals amphibians retain simple lungs highly developed organisms internal structure lung complex evolved simple sac highly folded mammalian lung millions tiny air sacs called alveoli alveolus surrounded network blood vessels lung adequately serves respiratory needs terrestrial vertebrates inefficient mechanism especially comparison gills water flows directly efficiently past gill air enter leave lung opening free flow air problems lung ventilation occur complicated fact lungs direct contact air sources series dead air spaces connect lungs setting area air respiratory tubes reaches lungs percent human lung filled fresh air inhalation bird lungs efficient shown figure insects land dwelling arthropods system air tubes called tracheae confused human trachea windpipe branch surface openings called spiracles parts body figure spiracles operative movement body internal ends tracheae air capillaries carry oxygen directly body cells carbon dioxide transported body cells tracheae
basis current research likely chicks mothers sounds communicate chick egg chick siblings shells communicate eggs hatched think concept imprinting imagine easier accomplished mother child able establish bond prenatal communication think imprinting konrad lorenz playing role mother goose accept idea prenatal communication lorenz imitated bird sounds imprinting afterward imprinted birds successfully supplemented factors imprinting bird sounds embryo primed call mother hearing siblings embryo denied prenatal communication siblings longer birds respond mother calls apparently chick initially primed hearing voice shell experimental embryos vocal cords cut recognize sounds species days hatching removal priming agent retarded destroy chick receptivity interesting discoveries embryonic behavior phenomenon synchronous hatching observed bobwhite hours hatching takes place distinct clicking communications embryos heard clicking sounds serve synchronize hatching slowing hatching impulse developed embryos speeding embryos development lagged
foraging worker honeybee leaves hive search food finds returns hive achieves remarkable feat communicates bees food located informs direction distance hive actually led food bees exactly find precise information relayed kinds dance round dance dance figure bees raised hive respond accurately dances perceive indicating instinctive behavior indicating distance direction quality food source bees relay information hive location present hive overcrowded scout bees dance communicate waiting queen bees worker bees investigate potential sites quality sites translated enthusiasm dance site finally chosen days half inhabitants hive swarm location karl von deciphered called language bees series experiments culminated recently biologists presented arguments opposing von interpretation language bees propose factors communication odor sound experiments tend confirm original findings von possibility bees pheromones built magnetic compasses smell communicate location food sources occasional instances dances
possibility earth outer space considered repeatedly bits evidence impossible dismiss extraterrestrial hand investigated precautions exclude earthly contamination shown particles resemble microscopic fossils organic compounds addition radio telescope data spectroscopy planets space reveal presence wide variety organic compounds ingredients making cells difficulty idea extraterrestrial explains pushes problem space making practical impossible promising efforts find plausible explanation origin hypothesis energy required chemical elements suitable physical conditions permitted synthesis living stuff able repeat original event living cells manufactured present techniques suggestive results obtained subject chapter centuries believed plants animals produce parents mold bread dead carcasses left exposed soon crawling heaps maggots bottle wine comes teeming mass worms convincing experiment seventeenth century italian francesco redi showed meat exposed air maggots flies allowed reach meat covered jars remained maggot free idea spontaneous generation died hard understood microorganisms things louis pasteur figure devised simple means overcoming objections earlier experiments
functions body including taking place depend chemical principles health care role maintaining body functions depends chemistry studying chemistry help understand body works times health treated disease present chemistry science systematic logical organization facts describe modern chemistry began eighteenth century development experiments observations measurements carried controlled conditions tests performed blood urine scientific observations summarized laws statements nature behaves law gravity scientific laws important applications health explain observations scientists propose model hypothesis testing explanation experimentation observation basis scientific method hypothesis agree results changed replaced theory explanation tested confirmed times ways scientific method similar medical diagnosis observations patient health step involve examining patient performing measurements taking temperature analyzing blood sample explanation hypothesis proposed presence specific disease testing hypothesis involves treatment condition administration drug patient observed determine proposed explanation therapy based correct symptoms disappear diagnosis hypothesis confirmed explanation treatment health professional limitations apply scientist
atom complete outer shell joining atom share gain lose electrons processes results chemical bond force sort chemical glue holds atoms complete valence shell electrons lighter elements basis chemical bonding called octet rule octet means group stated atoms combine permit electron arrangement noble gas filled valence shell electrons atoms interact form chemical bonds tremendous variety substances body comes chemical combination atoms atoms join bonding form chemical compound matter consists elements type atom compounds atoms chemically combined mixtures basic substances elements compounds hydrogen atoms form simplest bond atom consists proton electron hydrogen atoms brought negative electron atom attracted positive nucleus atom illustrated figure electron attracted positive charge nuclei combining valence shells shown figure atoms share pair electrons hydrogen atom electron atom giving filled valence shell remember energy level complete holds electrons hydrogen atoms electron arrangement noble gas helium
elements known diatomic elements found nature pairs atoms bonded hydrogen nitrogen oxygen fluorine chlorine bromine iodine bonds hydrogen fluorine chlorine bromine iodine molecules single bonds pair electrons shared oxygen molecule double bond pairs electrons shared nitrogen molecule triple bond pairs electrons shared diatomic elements nonpolar covalent bonds electrons shared equally molecules electrons pulled closer atoms greater ability attract called electronegativity resulting bond polar uneven distribution electrons creating slightly positive slightly negative pole part molecule covalent molecules consist atoms combining capacity atom number bonds form noble gas arrangement called valence valence carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine covalent compounds elements named writing element full space root element ending atoms combine complete transfer electrons atom giving receiving electrons atoms reach noble gas arrangement number protons number electrons longer equal atom electrically charged called ion positive ion anion negative ion metals tend lose electrons process known oxidation form cations
pure water exist nature natural water types impurities depending source ionic compounds oil dyes insecticides foam sewage bacteria viruses types water pollutants safe drinking medical purposes water treated remove possibly harmful substances procedures part steps water conditioning purification sedimentation settling suspended matter tanks reservoirs periods coagulation involves adding aluminum sulfate iron sulfate form larger particles solids settle making easier eliminate filtration sand gravel removes suspended matter coagulation chlorination employs chlorine gas ionic compound hypochlorite ion clo kill bacteria oxidation disinfection substances causing odors tastes removed passing water carbon mixing water air removes dissolved gaseous impurities water areas called hard calcium ions magnesium ions hard water form suds soap leaves scale pipes boilers shown figure treatment step water softening remove ions replace sodium ions na soft water produced adding calcium hydroxide lime ca sodium carbonate soda ash remove ions magnesium hydroxide mg calcium carbonate compounds dissolve water remove ions water passing ion exchanger substance ability replace ions water ions initially present exchanger dissolving
colloidal particles larger particles solutions small visible microscope big reflect scatter light colloids show effect beam light passes dispersion figure beam observed microscope pinpoints light move rapidly random zigzag motion caused collisions colloidal particles molecules dispersing medium known motion effect similar movement molecules gas unlike solution transparent colloids translucent frosted light bulb cloudy important property colloids adsorption ability hold substances surface dispersed particles similar dog carrying fleas effect absorption penetration molecules inside substance sponge absorbing water types colloids electrically charged ions surface colloidal particles type gold sol test cerebrospinal fluid repulsion charges prevents colloidal particles coming form larger particles settle gravity type colloid gelatin film molecules water dispersed particles protective layer helps prevent colloidal particles settling reason gelatin stabilize silver bromide colloid photographic film colloids found body fall category property forming semisolid water swell section blood ability hold water process
blood ph hydrogen ion concentration mole liter bicarbonate ion concentration times concentration carbonic acid changing amount components buffer relative ph blood ph lower known acidosis condition results decrease bicarbonate ion concentration increase concentration carbonic acid untreated acidosis disorientation coma death increase blood ph normal ratio buffers changed increase bicarbonate ion decrease carbonic acid concentration symptoms include weak irregular breathing muscle convulsions table compares conditions acidosis body normal respiration important means controlling blood buffer system concentration carbonic acid depends partial pressure carbon dioxide lungs acid form reaction gas water hold breath increased partial pressure carbon dioxide lungs carbonic acid form lowering ph blood breathe minutes blood ph fall condition known respiratory acidosis results pneumonia emphysema anesthesia poliomyelitis heart failure reduced respiration nervous system responds increasing depth rate breathing decrease partial pressure carbon dioxide lungs carbonic acid breaks reducing concentration blood resulting carbon dioxide exhaled respiratory results increase blood ph
oxygen atom number arrangements atoms known functional group groups stand exist molecules combination hydrocarbon groups located beginning middle end hydrocarbon functional group controls properties molecule size molecule increases hydrocarbon part begins play greater role table lists major functional groups oxygen remember dash means bond formed atom complete molecule notice functional groups accept hydrocarbon group alcohol aldehyde acid form bonds ether ester oxygen substituted hydrocarbon ways large number isomers consider molecules molecular formula shown listing compound alcohol drink functional group attached ethyl group case methyl groups attached functional group form ether similar anesthetic molecules number atoms identical molecular formulas molecules properties shown boiling points isomers saw hydrocarbons alcohols molecules hydroxyl group connected hydrocarbon group bases hydroxides learned look lewis diagrams hydroxide ion polyatomic anion oxygen hydrogen complete valence shell
atoms fluorine chlorine bromine iodine replace hydrogen atoms hydrocarbon needs electron fill outer shell chlorine derivatives methane shown table halogen substituted alkane resulting molecule alkyl halide chlorine derivatives called alkyl bond carbon halogen covalent dissociation ionic nacl methyl chloride ethyl chloride local anesthetic gas atmospheric pressure stored high pressure liquid sprayed skin readily evaporates freezing surface removing heat energy reducing sensation minor operations chloroform widely general anesthetic administered inhalation respiratory circulatory failure slowly oxidized atmospheric oxygen poisonous gas commercial chloroform ethyl alcohol destroy form carbon tetrachloride volatile dense liquid limited excellent solvent cleaning nonpolar dissolves fats oils greases burn carbon tet extinguishing types fires petroleum fires closed area molecule forms toxic avoid breathing vapors carbon tetrachloride lethal alkyl halides importance involve halogens attached carbon atom iodine equivalent chloroform pale yellow solid antiseptic ointments dusting powder freon substituting chlorine atoms carbon tetrachloride fluorine atoms
organic molecules studied small size molecular weight large molecules produced linking small molecules individual unit called monomer resulting molecule polymer shown figure think polymer extremely railroad train car monomer important molecules body proteins nucleic acids polymers addition commercially prepared synthetic polymers health care classified plastics rubbers fibers health center equipment throwaway type discarded examples syringes tubing drug containers equipment shown figure offer advantages convenience sterility disposable supplies plastic low cost plastic material based organic substance high molecular weight solid final form shaped flow stage manufacture plastics divided types depending properties thermoplastic polymers elastomers rubbers rubberlike elastic substances generally polymer chains connected shape changed heating record buckles put hot place type polymer thermosetting reshaped chemical bonds chains giving plastic rigid structure shown figure plastics types polymerization reactions addition condensation addition reactions atoms monomer molecules part polymer
hydrophobic bonds extremely important determining tertiary structure word hydrophobic literally means afraid water refers clustering nonpolar side chains amino acids valine phenylalanine form weak bonds stay polar water molecules highly hydrogen bonding hydrophobic interactions proteins folded shapes nonpolar groups inside polar side chains carboxyl groups hydroxyl groups amino groups stay surface protein interact water molecules hydrogen bond formation hydrogen bonds form side chains protein ways regular alpha helix pleated sheet structures hydrogen atom hydroxyl group weakly attracted oxygen carbonyl group amino acid protein addition bonds called salt bridges form ionic attraction positively charged groups negatively charged groups protein types forces protein molecule summarized figure weak disulfide linkages acting bonds maintain tertiary structure kinds interactions proteins complex tertiary structures shape protein determined largely primary structure sequence amino acids protein characteristic shape unique composition ordering amino acids changing arrangement amino acids affect types bonds form protein change confirmation function protein job depends shape presence amino acids places molecule
enzymes carry special function called active transport cells high potassium ion concentration low sodium ion concentration process referred sodium potassium pump potassium ions pumped sodium ions pumped enzymes cell membrane resulting difference concentration cations creates known electrical potential difference electrical energy capable membrane giving inside negative charge compared shown figure charge difference polarization basis conduction passage impulses nerve cell neuron nerve excited membrane briefly allowing sodium ions enter alters electrical potential local change takes place times nerve cell carrying signal action potential entire length region excites permeability neuron membrane resulting movement ions fluids side conduct nerve impulse chemical substances called neurotransmitters send electric signal reaches end neuron molecules bring message gaps called synapses nerve cells muscle cells molecule acetylcholine released storage process excitation crosses synapse interact cells side signal transmitted neurotransmitter destroyed enzyme fluid acetylcholinesterase case restoring resting condition compounds inhibit enzyme phosphorus insecticides potent poisons digestion process complex molecules food eat broken simpler molecules
important anabolic pathway glucose units linked form glycogen process produces polysaccharide serves storage form glucose reserve supply glycogen eat occasionally require fuel glycogen produced anabolism potential glucose drawn checking account bank process converting glycogen glucose linkages glycogen stored mainly muscle supply extra energy contraction liver glucose added blood adult male weighing pounds kg glycogen muscle tissue liver extracellular fluid total energy reserve glycogen equal times kcal energy yield carbohydrates kcal kj consider specific glycogen metabolism vigorous athletic exercise muscles require large amounts energy short glucose supplied respiration quickly oxygen reach muscle produce sufficient glucose muscle draw reserve supply glycogen convert glucose glucose undergoes anaerobic process glycolysis producing atp muscle contraction lactic acid end product pathway circulates liver converted glucose anabolic pathway glycogen vigorous exertion create oxygen debt oxygen needed regenerate respiration glycogen lactic acid
antibiotics chemical substances treat infectious diseases application drugs referred chemotherapy antibiotics based principle known selective toxicity designed harmful invading organism patient function kill inhibit growth microorganism antibiotics generally produced derived living cells process fermentation sulfa drugs section considered antibiotics living organisms class compounds widely prescribed group drugs bacteria greatest single disease divided main groups depending ability stained method devised danish physician named gram bacteria stained known gram positive known gram negative classes bacteria respond differently antibiotics drugs act bacteria group antibiotics called broad spectrum treat diseases caused types kinds foreign organisms potent drugs penicillins figure effective mainly gram positive bacteria staphylococcus streptococcus pneumococcus meningococcus infections inhibit synthesis bacterial cell walls causing cell burst water flows inside penicillin penicillin important form antibiotic newer derivatives groups benzene ring potent overcome disadvantages penicillin breakdown stomach poor absorption oral administration include penicillin penicillin acid stable methicillin penicillin resistant penicillinase enzyme penicillin effective gram negative bacteria
general anesthetics sedative hypnotic drugs act depressing central nervous system effect longer lasting administered orally small doses drugs calming effect larger doses result similar natural sleep hypnotic bigger doses intoxication anesthesia finally respiratory disease death continued administration leads physical dependence withdrawal symptoms drug withheld barbiturates important class sedative hypnotic drugs structures examples follows divided groups according length effect acting barbiturates phenobarbital hours provide continual treat anxiety hypertension epilepsy intermediate acting barbiturates amytal effective hours administered cases insomnia preoperative treat insomnia short acting barbiturates include pentobarbital nembutal seconal wear hours acting barbiturates effective minutes mentioned section serve intravenous anesthetics side effects barbiturates include hangover morning listlessness depression nausea emotional disturbances barbiturates known downs widely abused pentobarbital capsules called yellow jackets capsules called red devils color drugs high doses create effects similar alcohol intoxication include euphoria impairment memory judgment attention span motor coordination physical dependence results normal doses daily months withdrawal barbiturates dangerous withdrawal narcotic analgesics carried hospital
heavy metals high atomic weights systematic poisons affecting numerous organs shown table mercury acts binding strongly sulfur groups body inhibiting enzyme action causing cellular damage vapor liquid metal pass lungs blood leading damage brain central nervous system inorganic mercury salts affect liver kidney tissue organic mercury compounds alkyl pose greater hazard accumulate brain tissue readily eliminated lead bind sulfur atoms mercury gather skeleton calcium wall paints ingestion lead common older buildings children eat pieces peeling paint restricted outsides buildings figure shows workers lead foundry wearing special face masks protect metal fumes molecules acid bind strongly heavy metals remove body organic pesticides substances destroy biological pests toxic common types compounds ddt aldrin dieldrin compounds parathion compounds examples shown figure pesticides deactivate enzyme acetylcholinesterase causing acetylcholine continue trigger nerve impulses results tremors convulsions death pesticides dissolve fatty membrane surrounding nerve fibers interfering transport sodium potassium ions causing effects similar types pesticides industrial household solvents potential poisons include products petroleum distillation kerosene gasoline aromatic hydrocarbons benzene hydrocarbons carbon tetrachloride
run resource depends part define resource broad terms resource natural resource needed organism group organisms words resource humanity useless change technology economics environmental effects getting resource discussed greater detail chapter technology bring extinct animal resource paved wilderness area extend supply resources improving efficiently recycling unit today steel percent structural support decade ago today times electrical power kilograms ton coal similarly energy needed produce kilograms ton pig iron fallen fold united states percent copper recycled today percent recycled matter resources copper lead silver recycled recycle energy resources fossil fuel resource coal oil natural gas burned forever energy source concentrated energy fossil fuel released heat eventually dispersed earth atmosphere flows space technology solve problem scarce resource finding substitute replacement instance structural material bronze replaced stone iron replaced bronze steel replace iron aluminum reinforced plastics replacing steel structural
saw products pollute poison land water saw beautiful scenes loved devastated saw america natural resources refusing conserve activist environment saw increasing unwillingness developed nations supply gluttony equal benefit watched government sacrifice morality political economic military expediency order acquire natural resources activist peace human rights international understanding saw churches christian america exchange simple christ love thy neighbor thyself cold formal wild hysteria veil priest god humans playing ages game manipulating minds simple power profit cycle blind faith atheism acquired reasoning faith teacher christ saw dawning age terror nuclear power plants built known earthquake fault zones quarter million worth radioactive wastes accumulating safe storage place nuclear weapons annihilate worlds end organized group twenty fanatic activism changed alienation humans humans god natural widening environment greater peril energy crunch brink war jostling shoving lining big scramble fuels suicide insanity depression epidemic shows system based super abundance pleasure ease brought health happiness
keeps oak tree squirrel termite living organisms alive small planet hurtling space kilometers miles hour survive form continuous input energy matter oak tree energy directly sun animals energy chemicals food supply merely receiving energy matter organism alive output degraded energy heat waste matter flow organism drowned waste heat waste matter remain alive input output energy matter balance organism level depends balanced flow matter energy organism organisms don live isolation saw previous chapter ecosystem structure matter energy need living things interact physical environment organisms animals called breathing drinking eating reproducing ecosystem ecosphere levels section depends energy flow according law energy section energy recycled energy flows organism community ecosystem ecosphere degraded quality heat energy ecosystem ecosphere levels depends matter cycling matter flow flow energy ecosystem ecosphere cycle essential chemicals summarized figure organism level depends energy flow matter flow ecosystem ecosphere levels depends energy flow matter cycling
intrinsic limiting factors generated population species instance group lions typically confines activities home range area members interact search food lion group defends area home range intruders species group area called lion territory species move periodically baboons humans hunter gatherer societies section territories defending fixed geographic area defend area occupying organisms defend territory intrusion individuals species behavior included concept observed species fishes lizards mammals birds social insects limit population size restricting access individual members group food supplies sexual partners habitats individuals strong hold territory mate forced live poorer habitats lower chance reproduction survival food abundant territory size tends small allowing individuals live area food scarce territory size increases reducing population size territories disrupted social order breaks increase aggression social biologists attempted apply concept human society suggest humans innate territorial imperative account increased levels aggression urban environments investigators conclude learned behavior innate inherited behavior found animals primates
decades talked solving food problems harvesting fish shellfish tiny floating plants phytoplankton found oceans cover percent earth surface unfortunately increasing evidence vision illusion recently number fish ocean unlimited marine fish catch tripled increase greater occurring human food source period figure achieve large catches modern fishing fleets sonar helicopters aerial photography temperature measurement locate schools fish lights electrodes attract large floating factory ships follow fleets process catch spite technological sophistication steady rise marine fish catch halted abruptly annual catch leveled rose slightly figure major factor leveling sharp decline peruvian anchovy catch percent global ocean harvest combination shift cool nutrient rich currents cost peru apparently major factors causing decline observers fear global catch maximum yield population continued grow average person marine fish catch declined percent projected decline level figure annual aquatic catch percent calorie intake percent intake protein
important misunderstood abused natural resources united states estuaries wetlands estuaries thin fragile zones coastlines freshwater streams rivers meet mix salty oceans coastal wetlands shallow shelves wet flooded extend freshwater saltwater interface consist complex maze marshes bays lagoons tidal flats mangrove swamps coastal wetlands estuaries called estuarine zones coastal saltwater wetlands find inland freshwater wetlands consist swamps marshes bogs according economic land ethic desolate mosquito infested estuarine zones worthless lands eliminated draining dredging filling sinks municipal industrial wastes worthless estuarine zones highest average net primary productivity ecosystem figure high productivity occurs estuarine zones end rivers flowing ocean result receive trap rich salt organic matter rivers wash land hold nutrients produce extraordinary bloom plant phytoplankton marsh sea grasses large populations feeders plants grasses growing estuaries swamps marshes human consumption nutrient rich habitats provide important food sources homes spawning grounds types shellfish commercial sport saltwater fish vital sources protein humans estimated percent recreational harvests saltwater fish clams oysters crabs shrimp lobsters depend estuarine zone stage valuable species depend estuaries food spawning grounds nurseries young
net energy net profit business total annual income costs operate net profit operating expenses net loss savings capital subsidize losses bankrupt capital left business afloat apply similar analysis energy remaining fossil fuels energy capital saving accounts deposited free nature millions present rates oil natural gas energy capital coal energy capital section present spending burning capital high rate provide daily supply high quality energy invest irreplaceable energy capital subsidize development energy sources squander develop energy alternatives low negative yield net energy supply high quality energy tasks performed low moderate quality energy lower cost addition burning fossil fuels limited supplies run climate resulting carbon dioxide emitted atmosphere fuels burned enrichment study units fossil fuel high quality energy deliver units nuclear solar additional fossil fuel energy deep oil sea arctic oil shale net energy gain unit poor term energy financial investment fossil fuel capital
fashionable suppose re running energy solution obviously lots asking energy begs question need depends past want future energy things energy takes steel run sewing machine comfortable house depends cleverly energy costs smarter cheaper double efficiency industrial electric motors electricity run saving replace entire nuclear power program lights times efficient presently household appliances give quarter energy saving money process volkswagen corporation sized safe car averaging kilometers liter miles gallon today buildings heat tight ventilated need essentially energy maintain comfort round severe climates energy saving measures uniformly cheaper going getting energy detailed studies dozen countries shown supplying energy services cheapest wringing energy let increase standard living times total energy electricity
discussion section seen reliance nuclear energy major source energy means simple issue proponents nuclear power argue safe economical energy technology sufficiently developed reduce dependence fossil fuels contrast opponents argue nuclear power unsafe uneconomical unethical commits future generations storing radioactive wastes absolute safety unnecessary mix improving energy efficiency energy sources sun wind biomass possibly coal adequate pollution control reduce dependence oil natural gas critics pouring money nuclear power equivalent ot description fanaticism efforts forgotten aim words nobel prize winning physicist nuclear fission energy safe number critical devices number key positions follow instructions sabotage hijacking transport reactor fuel processing plant repository situated region riots guerrilla activity revolution war conventional takes place regions acts god permitted laboratories united states japan western europe scientists competing harness nuclear fusion source energy potential energy locked atomic nuclei released processes nuclear fission nuclear fusion nuclear fission slow fast moving neutron splits nucleus heavy atom uranium lighter fragments releasing neurons extra energy figure
progress menace public health question totally farfetched certainly ways places healthier place ago conquered infectious diseases deadly past generations created hazards developed nations longer dying malaria cholera tuberculosis dying cancer heart disease handicapped birth defects chronically ill respiratory degenerative ailments drinking water longer triggers epidemics typhoid fever water sources increasingly threatened contamination toxic chemicals immunize children today measles diphtheria whooping cough daily playing eating simply breathing exposed hundreds alien substances byproducts modern technology trying point progress bad living hazardous human health comparisons simply show learned cure prevent forms disease deal learn managing environment control natural manufactured hazards common sense taught infectious diseases broadest sense environmentally induced knew viruses bacteria learned prevent environmental controls diseases microorganisms caused cholera virtually halted nineteenth century suddenly understood connection bacteria disease public authorities cleaned water supplies manner malaria curbed effectively community measures control mosquitoes treating patients recent begun suspect diseases industrialized societies environmental origins
words economics ecology greek root oikos meaning house home ecology study earthly home analysis interactions species species environment economics literally means household management today term refers study principles customs affect production consumption growth distribution material wealth human needs spite common origin ecology economics scarcely interacted recently discussed kenneth boulding guest editorial end chapter interaction centered major questions types economic growth types harmful types economic systems compatible preserving environment earth finite resources economics protect improve environmental quality economic costs environmental protection improvement high chapter devoted discussion questions basic difference economic environmental viewpoints perception benefits drawbacks economic growth economists chambers commerce industrialists growth equated progress vigorously growing economy coupled maximum production maximum consumption considered healthy sound poor nations encouraged develop grow rich nations rapid economic growth supposed increase human help provide full employment control inflation help cure poverty provide funds clean environment summarized table decade goal increasing economic growth attack growing chorus environmentalists economists industrialists enrichment study
important tactic politics positive amplify desirable trends linear tactics equals tactics greater positive synergistic interactions final effect greater sum individual efforts section requires cooperation competition lift kilograms pounds lift kilograms pounds working positive lift kilograms pounds positive major ways amplify desirable trend counteract slow undesirable trend words fight curves undesirable trends opposing curves counteract undesirable trends small group bring major discussed detail enrichment study small organization called environmental action initiated dirty dozen campaign program attempts defeat election congressional representatives consistently opposed sound environmental legislation named list named percent longer congress twenty defeated polls rest decided retire early handful workers funding provided private contributions carried important change remarkable politics action environmental action launched campaign clean congress designating nation biggest polluters companies known filthy
sea lampreys plankton eating fish called alewives canal migrate atlantic ocean lakes finding natural predators alewife multiplied fast percent fish upper lakes crowding desirable plankton feeding fish turn served food larger fish early sea lamprey brought control chemicals prolific alewife ready crowd millions restocked trout considerable research scientists decided try biological control deliberately introduced lakes salmon big highly adaptive sport fish feeds fish alewife released late gobbled alewives decreasing population allowing trout population grow kilogram pound widely scattered lakes delight sport fishing enthusiasts lamprey trout alewife stories fascinating examples cases trouble interfering ecosystem ignorance greed interventions happy endings prolific animals planet norway rat stowing ships destructive pest spread especially adaptable human environment feeds type garbage food enters type home warehouse garbage dump barn structure united states rats estimated billion damage property food supplies
zoning land ways common method landuse control united states local zoning boards concerned open space preservation highly vulnerable pressures developers economic interests landowners suddenly offered high prices land pressure board zoning restrictions changed waived zoning requires developers large lots house technique plan open feeling developed area leaves usable open space cluster development zoning decisions challenged court decision upheld public funds pay legal costs public officials tied drawnout legal proceedings zoning fragmented local governments regional planning open space preservation question california separate government bodies zoning decisions spite disadvantages zoning effective land control based ecological landuse plan section strictly enforced supported public form zoning floodplain zoning effectively number communities exclude permanent buildings natural floodplain areas areas set recreational wildlife preserves zoning effective preserving open space coupled taxation policies discourage harmful forms development vermont enacted approach permit project issued developer extensive sewage treatment landscaping addition higher profit project shorter developer holds property higher property taxes
names congressional representatives senators write opposing supporting special environmental legislation stand took belong common citizens lobby donations league women voters ralph nader center responsive law environmental defense fund legal defense fund center public law social policy natural resources defense council group working behalf list organizations appendix established public interest research group pirg campus answered questions earth citizen missing opportunities practice needed politics section writing elected representatives correct extremely important action thinking letter vote response merely reveals don appreciate importance positive lag times threshold effect aspects politics letters supporting opposing position slowly accumulate threshold crossed elected officials forced recognized don vote represent likely reelected consider happened ordinary citizens environmental groups organized defeat sst overwhelming corporate presidential power senator clinton anderson chairperson space sciences committee ardent sst voted sst surprise explanation read mail morning letters telegrams opposed sst whopping margin
energy enters ecosystems sunlight green plants trap light energy organisms form food sense plants producers ecosystem herbivores animals feed plants turn fall prey carnivores flesh eating animals plants animals die bodies energy source multitude small decomposers decay causing microorganisms insects fig sequence energy transfers ecosystem called food chain term food web accurately describes complex nature interdependence natural ecosystems kinds plants animals food web animals feed species complicate matters animals omnivores say eat plants animals food webs patterns energy transfer key elements movement matter living nonliving worlds chemicals compose organisms extracted plants soil water air plants chemicals pass herbivores carnivores omnivores organisms die dead bodies decay chemical constituents returned physical environment smoothly operating ecosystem chemicals cycle living nonliving components earth chemistry involved known biogeochemical cycles fig important note chemicals continuously cycle ecosystems flow energy energy transfers inherently inefficient member food web energy line ecosystem needs constant supply energy operating
present primates live tropical forests climb trees lives arboreal trees habitat appears basic primates note species baboons live exclusively ground trees escape predators mammals generally live trees expect primates exhibit special characteristics favor arboreal begin list primates rely mainly vision sight smell primary sense mammals difference certainly related tree dwelling pointed earlier typical mammals nocturnal burrow ground close surface odors linger circumstances sense smell vision contrast primates active daylight hours vision course vision animals move swaying trees searching edible tidbits unlike mammals primates vision objects eyes vision makes effective depth perception eye views objects slightly point slightly angle farther object closely views eyes coincide primates color vision later color vision requires bright light diurnal animals breezes treetops dilute mingle scents sense smell olfactory structures account large noses reduced primates lemurs retain distinct muzzle faces nearly flat
radioactive isotopes decay break slowly likely found living organisms dating fossils rocks carbon radioactive isotope carbon found plant animal tissues atoms isotopes behave identically living organisms carbon disintegrates spontaneously constant rate form nitrogen radioactive decay measured half lives length required half number atoms population decay carbon half takes half carbon originally present substance disintegrate mean radioactive isotopes permits disappearance half half theory radioactivity disappear eventually infinitesimal amount remain animals obtain carbon plants earlier obtained carbon dioxide air proportion carbon living organisms proportion carbon atmospheric carbon dioxide organism dies ratio carbon carbon tissues decreases slowly carbon decays replaced relative amounts carbon radioactive clock measures organism died fossils carbon left accurate measurement organisms potassium potassium argon method date older materials method takes fact potassium disintegrates form argon potassium half billion
plasma percent water presence proteins thicker consistency plasma proteins nutrients important maintaining blood flow blood clotting addition plasma proteins antibodies function fight infection chief nutrient carried blood plasma glucose blood sugar blood sugar level percent substances transported plasma include fats cholesterol amino acids vitamins hormones wastes urea liver urea carbon dioxide ammonia noxious substance released amino acids broken energy wide variety mineral ions blood slightly salty taste special importance chloride carbonate phosphate sulfate frequently found combination sodium calcium potassium magnesium satisfying mineral requirements cells salt ions act buffers prevent undesirable chemical blood carbonates instance neutralize potentially harmful acidic waste products amount dissolved substances plasma amount dissolved substances found inside blood cells cells remain intact blood diluted plain water water diffuses slightly salty cell interior cells gradually swell bursting opposite happens cells concentrated salt solution blood cells shrivel lose water environment physiological saline salt solution amounts kinds salts present blood plasma blood lost loss severe saline replacement fluid blood plasma
appendix worm shaped colon hand side body small intestine large intestine join narrow sac larger finger appendix apparent digestive function food residues bacteria lodge trouble food rots bacteria grow sac swollen sore diseased appendix removed ruptures infection spread body cavity lead condition distension rectum fecal matter initiates muscular contractions propel stool anus rectum terminal section large intestine empty act elimination entrance stool smooth muscle internal anal sphincter relax elimination accomplished conscious opening external anal sphincter pressure contraction abdominal muscles aids elimination dark color feces comes excreted bile pigments odd colored feces change diet occasionally mean light stools reduced bile secretion due liver disease obstruction bile duct extremely dark stools caused presence digested blood internal bleeding diarrhea occurs large intestine fails normal amount water failure due bacterial infections poisons vitamin deficiencies stress increase motility reduce material remains intestine constipation occurs feces move intestine slowly water removed leaving hard dry stool diet high roughage foods fruit vegetables grains stimulates intestinal movements prevents constipation
weight control health problem face present past nutritional states involved believed fat cells increase number birth weight gain thought result growth size fat cells laboratory studies rats established fatty tissues increase cell number adult surgical removal skin fat week rats cell multiplication nutrition adequate hand older rats surgically deprived body fat eat fat rich diet gain control rats fat cell size groups remains identical research workers interpreted observations fat cell size fixed regular appetite fat cell size appetite regulated common mechanism tempting generalize animal studies humans caution order expect differences species human fat cells behave uniformly individual women fat tissue concentrated upper body find easier lose weight women fat tissue concentrated waist women lower body obesity lose weight lose fat cells contrast weight loss upper body obese women matter reduced cell size mechanisms appetite regulation understood biologists physicians accepted hypothesis low blood sugar initiates sensations hunger availability glucose satisfies hunger makes sense corresponds everyday experience report high carbohydrate diets promote hunger
children resemble parents fascinating differences extraordinary creature parental traits physical features characteristics personality temperament mental ability unique combinations child traits evident mother father haphazard events hereditary traits disappear reappear generation generation result precise processes biologists understanding laws govern inheritance unraveled fundamental rules gained insight underlying mechanisms focus present chapter human genetics processes connect past generations determine present nature capabilities establish potential future change physical characteristics height hair eye color shape nose hereditary traits obvious fail heredity property cells truth statement evident consider start single cell fertilized egg produced union egg mother sperm father chapter determined large part genetic legacy imparted fertilized egg fertilized egg receives half hereditary information sex cells produced grows fertilized egg duplicates genetic material divides produces cells genetically identical course millions millions cells eventually body differ ways variations body cells attributed numerous factors including cell interactions differential expression hereditary traits
hard careful planning eventually bore fruit mendel fame published report obscure journal faithfully distributed copies european scientists impressed happens importance mendel conclusions lost darwin published origin species theory evolution incomplete points obvious natural selection effective creating species hereditary material passed individual equally evident variability genetic material darwin suggested cell produced structures reflected unique characteristics structures supposedly eggs sperm transmitted generation aware traits appeared children grandparents parents darwin supposed structures making organism left grandchildren lack exposure wasn bar recognition evidence darwin heard mendel theories real reason disregarding science generally biologists darwin unaccustomed mathematical treatments inherent quantitative measurements poorly recognized reason mendel offered physical basis processes turn century mendel laws began sense discovered chromosomes mitosis meiosis searching literature suggestions chromosomes related inheritance rediscovered mendel laws simultaneously interpreted scientific
reproductive organs initially neutral embryonic brain male female experiments rats reveal presence male hormone critical period days birth patterns brain male sexual behavior true regardless genetic sex animal removal testes ovaries newborn rats testosterone treatments days results adults exhibit male behavior testosterone adults ovaries testes removed birth hormones maturity adults sex show female behavior response hormone injections development female behavior secretions embryonic gonads similar mechanisms operate humans remains established development human sexual identity involves genetic hormonal environmental factors learning plays large role fact demonstrated clinical studies individuals reproductive structures abnormal sexual identities individuals seen correspond identities assigned parents genetic anatomical sex role learning human sexual behavior emphasized effects removal testes male castrated puberty incapable performing sex act contrast mature accidentally castrated sexual activity remain potent main source testosterone point males females hormones opposite sex adrenal cortex secretes testosterone estrogen speak male female hormones refer fact males testosterone secretions testes
american sheep raisers lose million animals predators damage coyotes dogs include neighbors pets coyote problem department agriculture budgets million dollars sheep predator control hunting trapping poison baits employed effects poisons coyotes species fueled term controversy conservationists sheep farmers contrast situation sheep raisers report low losses mountains southern eastern europe asia wolf bear lynx jackal pose potential threats sheep key difference sheep raising lies behavior dogs ranches ranchers border collies related breeds british isles predators ago eradicated pets controlled british herding dogs exhibit elements wolf behavior stalk sheep necks classical wolf kill behavior carefully supervised humans dogs effective sheep herding sheep recognize predator behavior dogs flee direction intended human shepherd herding keeps sheep straying flock prevent predators attacking flock human spot frighten predator eastern european sheep raisers rely type sheep dogs animals guard sheep herd guarding dogs include italian turkish shepherd hungarian komodo guard dogs run sheep look sheep
protista exhibit marked structural specializations internally externally fact parts cell compared fairly organs multicellular animals body covered cilia internally cilia connected delicate coordinate ciliary movements cilia protozoan swims directs currents permanent indentation receives food paramecia food vacuoles formed base oral groove circulate cell later indigestible remains released point food merge plasma membrane structures thought digestive system nuclei unlike nuclei fall classes functions specialization level characteristic protista protista motile move cilia pseudopodia malaria lack special organelles movement parasites highly complex reproductive cycle protista live natural bodies water physical support skeleton external coat relatives amoebas known highly ornamented skeleton lies cell surfaces cytoplasmic projections extend openings foramina skeleton projections food particles nurture organism fossil skeletons fig form thick deposits ocean bottoms famous bed rock makes white cliffs dover english channel plant protista diatoms dinoflagellates key roles aquatic ecosystems dinoflagellates fig enclosed cellulose wall forms distinct plates
sieve tube cell filled living cytoplasm nucleus fact organelles missing biologists claim sieve tube cell activities flowering plants regulated nuclei undistinguished companion cells accompany organic substances phloem move roots substances stored lower parts plants pass upward needed upward movement flow sap occurs leaves develop trees spring thickened cell walls tracheids vessels provide main support stems narrow fiber cells xylem cortex give extra support slender dead cells similar tracheids thicker walls lack pits plant fibers economic linen fiber cells flax burlap comes hemp fibers fibers isolated allowing plant stems rot unwanted weaker cells disintegrate durable fibers released harvested animals growth occurs body plants growth limited localized tissues called meristems apical meristems found tips stems branches tips roots fig branches responsible growth length division apical meristem cells accompanied cell elongation differentiation plant tissues growth diameter involve meristems lateral meristem cambium referred earlier produces cell layers thicken stems roots growth girth evident trees shrubs vascular cambium xylem phloem adds xylem cells inside phloem cells growing season fig
energy enters biosphere sunlight converted infrared radiation carbon dioxide absorbs infrared radiation releases energy heat atmospheric carbon dioxide energy infrared radiation lost space concentration carbon dioxide atmosphere affect amount heat retained atmosphere contribute modification climate contrast increases carbon dioxide tend warm biosphere accumulations dust cool earth sun rays strike atmospheric dust particles light energy reflected space increased atmospheric dust results loss sunlight biosphere reduction sunlight strikes surface earth energy converted heat mt tambora isle indonesia erupted heavily volcanic dust gases forced higher atmosphere produced cool weather crop failures widespread snow fell boston july august leading remembered summer similar extensive effects eruption mt katmai aleutians recent eruptions increases atmospheric dust linked glacial episodes marked pleistocene measurements volcanic dust ocean floor pleistocene times marked extensive volcanic eruptions dust traces vents major cascade peaks including mt st helens large quantities materials distributed high air masses surely shaded earth increased shade winter snowfall melted summer polar ice caps mountain glaciers grown
knowledge behavior mercury nature remains rudimentary element occurs average concentration parts million earth crust pure mercury liquid room temperature tiny amounts liquid vaporize atmosphere enter natural waters industrial agricultural mercury led pollution water soil areas distribution mercury accounted vaporization deposits present earth recent study snowfields greenland revealed essentially uniform concentrations mercury ice representing snowfall thousands recent layers showed significant increases mercury content additional mercury smelting ores manufacture cement combustion fossil fuels processes heats raw materials sufficiently vaporize mercury present mercury forms compounds inorganic elements enters organic compounds extensive array organic manufactured fungicides purposes unfortunately ability organic mercury compounds limited chemists organisms synthesize vitamin enzymes methyl mercury inorganic mercury number cases peculiar neurological disease living bay japan gave indication natural entry mercury organic compounds symptoms disease ranged lack coordination paralysis mental visual distortion blindness young proved susceptible adults eventually died cats fell ill giving hint fish bay involved analyses showed fish shellfish contained high concentrations methyl mercury rich bay muds
seen external factors internal physiological mechanisms social behavior serve regulate animal populations factors control human populations doubt starvation disease toll human lives fact established hunter gatherer cultures exhibit limited population growth suggests basic mechanisms adjust human reproduction fit resources studies disturbed cultures kung box provide insight processes regulated numbers kung average births spacing mothers nurses children able digest adult foods absence contraceptive information rarity infanticide suggest purely biological device factor nursing period fact infants nurse frequent intervals night activity suppress ovulation hormonal means nutritional strain contained nursing suppress ovulation studies show minimum body fat onset fertility young ovulation childbirth kung women living exceedingly active low calorie diet restore body fat critical level nurse child observation kung adopted settled support notion women villages wean babies early diet grain meal cow milk settled kung intervals births fallen population growing rapidly effect nutritional status female fertility limited hunters gathers
redi results blow held concept larger forms arise nonlife scientists believed small organisms leeuwenhoek animalcules simple generated nonliving materials case spontaneous generation microorganisms strengthened john needham found heated nutrient fluids chicken broth corn infusions pouring covered flasks cooled solutions soon teeming microorganisms needham claimed microbes developed spontaneously fluids twenty later lazzaro spallanzani suggested microorganisms air entered needham solutions boiled showed nutrient fluids heated sealed flask develop microbial growth needham responded seals spallanzani flasks vital force spontaneous generation claimed destroyed heating question unresolved german scientist rudolf virchow challenged favored spontaneous generation introduced concept biogenesis extension cell theory biogenesis claim living cells arise preexisting living cells arguments spontaneous generation continued issue resolved experimentally french chemist louis pasteur designed series ingenious persuasive experiments finally ended debate demonstrated microorganisms present air contaminate seemingly sterile solutions air give rise microbial pasteur began filling short flasks beef broth boiling left open allowed cool days flasks found contaminated microbes
fat molecule formed molecule glycerol combines fatty acid molecules form monoglyceride diglyceride triglyceride figure reaction molecules water formed dehydration depending number fatty acid molecules reacting chemical bond formed water molecule removed ester linkage reverse reaction hydrolysis fat molecule broken component fatty acid glycerol molecules fatty acids form lipids structures wide variety lipids molecules fatty acid combine glycerol molecule molecule fatty acids unite molecule glycerol simple lipids serve storage materials higher organisms found bacteria complex lipids elements phosphorus nitrogen sulfur addition carbon hydrogen oxygen found simple lipids complex lipids called phospholipids glycerol fatty acids place fatty acid phosphate group bonded organic groups figure phospholipids lipids build membranes essential eucaryotic cells structure membranes discussed detail chapter structurally lipids previously lipids called figure shows structure cholesterol group present cholesterol makes important constituents plasma membranes animal cells group bacteria found fungi plants animals synthesize hormones vitamin
purple dye iodine combine bacterium color dark violet purple bacteria retain color attempted decolorization alcohol classified gram positive color plate ia bacteria lose dark violet purple color decolorization classified gram negative color plate ib gram negative bacteria colorless alcohol wash longer visible reason applied causing gram negative bacteria turn pink stains give contrast color called gram positive bacteria retain original purple stain affected chapter bacteria react differently gram stain chemical differences cell walls iodine forms chemical complex dye cells thought agent cell walls gram positive shrink preventing dye iodine complex leaving cell cell walls gram negative bacteria affected dye iodine complex easily washed gram method important staining techniques medical microbiology gram staining results absolute bacterial cells stain poorly gram reaction consistent young growing bacteria cases gram reaction bacterium valuable information concerning treatment disease known gram positive bacteria tend killed easily penicillin drugs gram negative bacteria resist drugs susceptible drugs streptomycin
laboratories working anaerobes regular basis elaborate techniques anaerobic glove boxes small transparent chambers equipped air locks filled inert gases technicians able manipulate equipment inserting hands airtight rubber gloves fitted wall chamber grow colonies substituting deep test tubes petri plates atmosphere test tube replaced inert gas nitrogen bacterial mixed melted nutrient medium tube tube tightly capped rolled horizontal rollers nutrient medium solidifies interior walls test tube colonies counted picked shallow layer agar petri plate bacteria successfully grown artificial laboratory media examples leprosy bacterium grown laboratory foot pads mice armadillos spirochete specialized strains grown laboratory media obligate intracellular parasites rickettsias bacteria exceptions grow artificial media viruses discussed later grow living host cell public health microbiology frequently detect presence specific microorganisms disease poor sanitation purpose selective differential media selective media designed suppress growth unwanted bacteria encourage growth desired microbes bismuth sulfite agar isolate typhoid bacterium feces
noted quaternary ammonium compounds cationic detergents comes fact modifications valence ammonium ion figure quaternary ammonium compounds quats commonly called high action gram positive bacteria gram negative bacteria excellent action addition quats enveloped viruses quats exert action enzyme disruption plasma membranes popularly quats zephiran chloride chloride chloride popularity due antimicrobial activity fact colorless odorless tasteless nontoxic stable easily diluted wearers contact lenses find storage solution fact mouthwash foams heavily shaken hand quats readily absorbed surfaces cotton gauze organic matter interferes activity easily neutralized soaps detergents medical applications quats remember bacteria species pseudomonas survive quaternary ammonium compounds actively grow applies disinfectant solution moistened gauze bandages fibers tend neutralize quats bacteria resistant allow grow swimming pools whirlpool baths presence skin infections ability metabolize unusual substrates growth permits pseudomonas grow unlikely places simple saline solutions traces soap residues cap liner adhesives
experimental conjugation coli describe process organism conjugation closest bacteria sexual reproduction found higher organisms requires direct cell cell contact cells opposite mating types male female type male donor cell called cell female recipient cells called cells cells extra pieces dna cytoplasm called factors double stranded pieces dna arranged closed circle part bacterial chromosome recall chapter factors type plasmid free genetic element cell necessarily attached part bacterium main chromosome describe types plasmids later chapter cells mixed cells attach cells means sex pili factors genes coding synthesis sex pili conjugation factor duplicated copy transferred intercellular bridge cell converts cell cell capable transferring factor cell remember factor plasmid separate bacterial chromosome factor transferred bacterial chromosome cell passed cell event produced figure male cells factor integrated chromosome figure called high frequency recombination cells
attempt define virus consider viruses living organisms definition complex set processes resulting action instructions nucleic acids nucleic acids living cells action viruses inert living host cells sense considered living organisms viruses enter host cell viral nucleic acids active resulting viral multiplication sense viruses alive multiply host cells infect clinical point view viruses considered alive infection disease pathogenic bacteria fungi protozoans depending viewpoint virus regarded exceptionally complex aggregation nonliving chemicals exceptionally simple living microorganism define virus viruses originally distinguished infectious agents especially small viruses obligatory intracellular parasites absolutely require living host cells order multiply properties shared small bacteria rickettsias truly distinctive features viruses known lie simple structural organization composition mechanism multiplication viruses entities single type nucleic acid dna rna protein coat enclosed envelope composed lipids proteins carbohydrates surrounds nucleic acid multiply inside living cells synthetic machinery cell synthesis specialized elements transfer viral nucleic acid cells
nature animals embryo stage hosts microorganisms normal flora impressed fact pasteur speculated microbes essential animal animals microbial flora whatsoever reared laboratory germfree animals studying functions microorganisms body interactions microorganisms body germfree animals infected known microorganisms called animals germfree animals obtained surgically removing fetus mother uterus aseptic conditions maintaining sterile environment breed animals sterile environment today germfree animals research obtained early researchers working germfree animals handicapped technical problems introducing air food manipulating animals frequently led contamination successful raising germfree animals stainless steel drums sterile chambers introducing materials glass viewing ports ports sealed rubber gloves handling animals materials modern plastic containers walls transparent flexible vinyl proved easily constructed size shape research germfree animals shown microbial flora absolutely essential animal hand research shown germfree animals number disadvantages compared normal animals germfree animals underdeveloped immune systems lymphoid tissue levels immune proteins body fluids low contact microorganisms animals unusually susceptible infection disease
fungi disease defined set virulence factors fungus produces capsule helps organism resist phagocytosis products fungal growth toxic human hosts toxins indirect fungal disease fungus growing host allergic response result fungal infection symptoms fungal infections typical allergic reactions presence protozoans produces symptoms protozoan diseases cases organisms actually host tissues growth resulting cell damage symptoms waste products metabolism parasites contribute symptoms disease specific diseases caused fungi protozoans discussed later chapters pathological properties organisms definite sequence events occurs infection disease reservoir infection present source pathogens infectious disease occur transmission pathogen direct contact indirect contact vectors susceptible host invasion entrance microorganism host increase number microorganisms entrance preferred portal entry invasion injury host microorganism process called injury dependent capsules enzymes toxins produced microorganism factors disease actually occurs depends resistance host offensive weapons pathogen
direct consequence transformation tumor cells express unique cell surface components known tumor specific antigens figure genes coding antigens mutant genes viral genes genes expressed embryonic development repressed adult antigen called antigen cea present normal fetal gut liver pancreas months gestation disappears trimester pregnancy antigen extracted malignant colon tissue found nonmalignant colon tissue cancer antigen alpha protein found embryonic development later liver detecting tumor specific antigens body signs cancer offer hope fo early treatment important human survival role antigens play naturally body thought immune system recognizes tumor specific antigens nonself destroys malignant cells carrying immune system believed play important role defending body cancer immune responses cancer presumably directed tumor specific antigens known surveillance humoral antibody bind tumor specific antigens high concentrations insufficient destroy rapidly proliferating tumor cells investigators believe cell mediated immunity represents major mechanism tumor destruction host idea supported observation persons defects system higher incidence types cancer normal individuals thought sensitized killer cells react tumor specific antigens initiating direct lysis tumor cells figure
dermis thicker portion skin composed mainly connective tissue numerous blood vessels lymph vessels nerves hair follicles sweat oil glands figure hair follicle small tube hair grows sweat glands originate dermis convey secretion called perspiration ducts terminate surface skin sweat pores oil glands ducts feed sebum hair follicles anatomic structure hair follicles sweat gland ducts oil gland ducts proximity surface skin provide potential passageways microorganisms enter skin penetrate deeper tissues perspiration mixture water salt nacl urea amino acids glucose lactic acid small amounts compounds enzyme moisture nutrients microbial growth salt creates hypertonic environment microorganisms capable breaking cell walls bacteria sebum mixture lipids unsaturated fatty acids proteins salts prevents hairs drying fatty acids inhibit growth pathogens passes upward hair follicles spreads surface skin prevents excessive evaporation moisture skin perspiration sebum nutritive microorganisms notably oil glands face enlarged accumulated sebum blackheads develop sebum supports growth microorganisms pimples boils develop color blackheads due oxidized oil dirt lining body cavities mouth nasal passages urinary tract genital tract gastrointestinal tract outer protective barrier structure essentially layer specialized epithelial cells
week period july cases suspected reactions fever chills hypotension occurred patients undergoing cardiac catheterization massachusetts hospital investigation revealed reusable catheters sterile contaminated contamination related procedures employed clean disinfect catheters reactions occurred catheters rinsed hospital distilled water wiped remove clotted blood soaked quaternary ammonium compound bore catheter flushed continuously hours distilled water flush liter commercial free sterile distilled water finally catheters wrapped administration set delivery free fluid changed regularly hospital supplied distilled water contained greater ml samples directly storage tanks cultures samples cardiac catheterization laboratory distilled water tap research laboratories contained colonies pseudomonas ml storage tank samples sterile previously subsequently cleaned sterilized catheters contained levels ranging catheter measured assay level considered laboratory performing assay catheters sterile cultured sterile catheters free cleaning catheter flushes yielded excessive investigation resulted recommendation disposable catheters recommended free sterile distilled water cleaning procedure outer surfaces catheter flushed
chemical contamination water difficult problem amounts industrial agricultural chemicals leached land enter water forms resistant chemicals biologically concentrated organisms food chain striking industrial water pollution involved mercury manufacture paper metallic mercury allowed flow waterways waste assumed mercury inert remain segregated sediments bacteria sediments incorporated mercury soluble chemical compound fish shellfish waters seafood substantial part diet mercury concentrations accumulate human body devastating effects nervous system immediately war ii synthetic detergents developed rapidly replacing soaps detergents biodegradable rapidly accumulated waterways rivers large rafts detergent suds seen traveling downstream cities small head bubbles surface glass water detergents replaced biodegradable formulations brought problems substantial amounts phosphates added detergents improve cleaning effectiveness unfortunately phosphates pass nearly intact sewage treatment systems lakes meaning nourished refers situation addition large amounts nutrients water results massive growth algae subsequent oxygen loss water short run algae produce oxygen algae eventually die degraded bacteria process oxygen water
preservation heat canning requires considerable sophistication refrigeration foods technical recent development parts ice food preservation warm seasons specially insulated structures difficult transport curiosity preservation heat origin early microorganisms known human disease food spoilage technology canning promoted military necessity armies small professional organizations supported land supplemented portable rations dried grains cheese wine rise large armies citizen soldiers development french revolution longer sufficient french government offered prize devise method preserving food meat prize won showed food preserve sealing tightly stoppered containers boiling periods key method detailed tables times required foods container sizes today forming bacteria survive hours boiling failures manageable proportions attributed faulty sealing concept heat preservation quickly invention metal figure temperatures boiling point water introduced processing obtained oil salt baths steam pressure closed containers today introduced late eighteenth century reliable pressure controls safety valves developed
chlorella turn biggest gasoline standard oil tiny celled green alga looks chance giant competitor alternative fuel race blooms fresh water lakes spring autumn chlorella grows quickly spread kilograms square meter overnight japan chlorella protein vitamin supplements foods ice cream yogurt bread soon filling tanks stomachs recently canadian scientists university toronto reported preliminary results microbial fuel system devised chlorella modified bacterium chlorella exactly driver seat plays principal role energy supplier scientists tiny alga carbon dioxide churn raw energy form organic compounds organic goodies gobbled bacterium isolated soils natural gas wells takes oil sponge absorbs water accumulate body weight fat electron microscope looks transparent plastic bag bursting round oil droplets chlorella relinquished organic morsels greedy gulps oily materials carbon chains reorganized unsaturated fatty acids winds storing organic ooze crude oil oil chlorella produce scientists calculate lot light watts square meter hectare growing microbes produce equivalent barrels crude oil
important elements organic chemists carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen elements periods periodic table electrons found electron shells closest nucleus discussion electron structures atoms center mainly elements electrons electron shells electron shell amount energy electrons close nucleus attracted protons nucleus electrons farther closer electron nucleus lower energy electron shell closest nucleus lowest energy electron shell energy level electrons shell energy level higher energy shell electrons shell energy level higher energy accurately determine position electron relative nucleus atom rely quantum theory describe likely location electron electron shell atom subdivided atomic orbitals atomic orbital region space probability finding electron specific energy content high electron density term describe probability finding electron spot higher electron density means greater probability lower electron density means lesser probability electron shell spherical orbital probability finding electron highest sphere shell slightly farther nucleus shell orbital orbitals
hydrogen simplest molecule look covalent bond detail features bond similar complex covalent bonds let consider isolated hydrogen atoms electron atomic orbital atoms begin bond formation electron atom attracted nucleus atom nucleus nuclei distance bond length atomic orbitals merge overlap reinforce form bonding molecular orbital molecular orbital encompasses hydrogen nuclei paired electrons electrons equally attracted nuclei large portion negatively charged electron density orbital located positively charged nuclei repulsions nuclei minimized molecular orbital results covalent bond hydrogen atoms figure molecular orbital bonds hydrogen atoms symmetrical symmetrical line axis joining nuclei think axis axle rotate orbital axis appearance orbital changed rotation orbital symmetrical axis figure molecular orbital symmetrical axis connecting nuclei called sigma molecular orbital bond sigma bond bond sigma bonds encounter encounter molecular orbitals sigma orbitals orbitals symmetrical nuclear axes
gasoline fraction straight run distillation scanty needs automobile oriented society straight run gasoline poor quality increase quantity quality gasoline fraction higher boiling fractions subjected cracking reforming catalytic cracking process heating high boiling material pressure presence catalyst finely divided acid washed aluminum silicate clay conditions large molecules cracked broken smaller fragments steam cracking technique converting alkanes alkenes catalytic reforming converts aliphatic compounds aromatic compounds alkenes formed cracking reforming procedures starting materials making plastics synthetic organic compounds represents sample reactions occur cracking reforming high compression engines automobiles efficient weight engines continuous chain hydrocarbons burn unevenly knocking ticking noise heard car accelerates uphill knocking decreases power output engine decreases engine wear tear quality automobile fuels branched alkanes aromatic compounds burn evenly continuous chain compounds fortunately cracking procedures provide branched alkanes isooctane trivial alkane knock characteristics automobile engines heptane poorest compounds develop octane rating petroleum fuels rate quality gasoline fuel compared mixture isooctane heptane octane number octane number means gasoline equivalent burning characteristics pure isooctane
mentioned free radical reactions limited hydrocarbons encountered areas organic chemistry free radicals add readily double bonds complication limit present discussion sigma bond free radical reactions consider processes known proceed free radical mechanism section defined thermal decomposition organic compounds absence oxygen organic molecules heated high temperatures carbon carbon sigma bonds rupture molecules broken free radical fragments temperature required depends bond dissociation energies fragmentation step called thermally induced cleavage caused heat initiation step series free radical reactions equations illustrate reactions positions cleavage subsequent reaction formed free radicals enter typical propagation reactions yielding free radicals free radical abstract hydrogen atom molecule free radicals undergo cleavage reaction yields alkene methyl free radical termination steps reactions joining coupling free radicals radicals general term describe reaction equivalent species react oxidized reduced alkyl free radicals involves transfer hydrogen atom free radical stable products alkane reduced product alkene oxidized product formed controlled industrially cracking high molecular weight compounds lower molecular weight compounds
let consider undesirable free radical reactions living systems types radiation radiation rays called ionizing radiations known damage living cells causing molecules cleave ions free radicals cleavages cellular damage routes direct destruction cellular components formation radicals ions undergo abnormal reaction cellular components nucleic acids compounds discuss chapter compounds carry genetic code capacity responsible cellular multiplication reproduction organism biosynthesis proteins exposed radiation nucleic acids subject fragmentation large molecules smaller molecules mitotic reproducing cells vulnerable radiation caused damage cells fact advantage radiation treatment cancer cancer cells reproduce abnormally high rate susceptible radiation damage normal cells molecular oxygen compounds studying stable molecule ground unpaired electrons oxygen structure adequately explained valence bond formulas pair electrons orbital orbital diagram shown figure purposes represent molecular oxygen simply oxygen stable selective free radical agent compound double bonds hydrogens tertiary hydrogens susceptible air oxidation called auto oxidation compounds primary secondary hydrogens susceptible
alcohols ethers part everyday lives laymen familiar terms diethyl ether ether anesthetic ethanol ethyl alcohol grain alcohol alcohol beverages isopropyl alcohol rubbing alcohol agent methanol methyl alcohol wood alcohol automobile gas line antifreeze laboratory industry compounds solvents reagents chapter discuss alcohols ethers special type ether briefly mention phenols sulfur analogs alcohols ethers bonding alcohols ethers mentioned chapter types compounds bonding similar water cases oxygen hybrid orbitals oxygen atom bonded atoms remaining orbitals filled electrons figure page alcohols ethers composed polar molecules type compound oxygen carries partial negative charge alcohol molecule polar ether molecule reason hydrogen electropositive carbon bond polar bond dipole moments compounds show decreasing polarity series ethers open chain cyclic ring size including oxygen greater chemistry ether extrapolated open chain counterparts differences rates reaction oxygen cyclic ether hindered alkyl substituents tied ring
hydrogenation reactions exothermic proceed spontaneously energies activation extremely high heating supply energy needed molecules transition reaction proceeds smoothly catalyst added finely divided metal metal adsorbed insoluble inert carrier elemental carbon barium carbonate hydrogenation catalyst metal chosen depends compound reduced conditions hydrogenation platinum palladium nickel copper suitable reduction alkenes esters difficult reduce copper chromium catalyst heat pressure poisoned catalyst partly deactivated hydrogenation alkene alkane palladium treated page typical poisoned catalyst hydrogenation catalyst ease course hydrogenation reaction experimental evidence supports theory hydrogen molecules adsorbed metallic surface sigma bonds broken metal bonds formed alkene adsorbed metallic surface pi bond interacting empty orbitals metal alkene molecule moves surface collides hydrogen atom undergoes reaction leaves hydrogenated product figure effect catalyst provide surface reaction occur weaken bonds alkene result lowering energy activation reaction figure shows energy diagrams hydrogenation reaction note catalyst affect energies reactants products
polymers giant molecules macromolecules natural polymers include proteins silk muscle fibers enzymes polysaccharides starch cellulose rubber nucleic acids polymers diverse nature polymers wear polyester clothes sit vinyl chairs write formica table tops rugs polyester sky divers nylon parachutes paint walls latex paint protect wood floors automobiles synthetic rubber tires vinyl upholstery dishes melamine common polymeric products include food wrap teflon coating frying pans toothbrushes epoxy glue electrical insulators plastic jugs heart valves airplane windshields list continue technology macromolecules giant industry polymers fall general classifications elastomers polymers elastic properties rubber fibers threadlike polymers cotton silk nylon plastics thin sheets kitchen wrap hard moldable solids piping children toys coatings car finishes varnishes multiplicity properties depends variety structures polymers polymers alkenes discuss types covered sections text polymer greek parts thousands repeating units small parts monomers greek part polymerization reaction products parts finally series reaction steps polymer molecules polymers discuss called addition polymers formed addition monomers loss atoms groups synthetic polymer named monomer
structural features molecule aromatic criteria molecule cyclic planar atom ring rings orbital perpendicular plane ring system fit criteria complete delocalization pi electrons criteria met deduced inspection formula organic compound valence bond formula aromatic compound shows ring alternate single double bonds cases cyclic organic compounds alternate single double bonds aromatic compound undergoes addition reactions hydrogen halides halogens reactions typical alkenes typical benzene aromatic compounds planar shown shaped tub aromatic answer question proceed fourth criterion criterion called rule german chemist erich proposed aromatic ring planar compound pi electrons integer according rule ring pi electrons aromatic ring pi electrons pi electrons fit rule compound ten pi electrons aromatic compound pi electrons answer found number pi electrons versus number pi orbitals aromatic molecule pi electrons paired
discussing displacement halide ions reagent nucleophilic carbon atom attack partially positive carbon carbonyl group rest chapter devoted reactions related carbonyl compounds aldehyde treated base aqueous naoh resulting ion undergo reaction carbonyl group molecule aldehyde result addition molecule aldehyde reaction called aldol condensation reaction word aldol derived aldehyde alcohol describes product aldehyde condensation reaction molecules combine larger molecule loss small molecule water aldol condensation addition reaction small molecule lost aldol condensation proceed acetaldehyde treated dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide low concentration ions formed reaction reversible ions undergo reaction formed ion undergoes reaction acetaldehyde molecule adding carbonyl carbon form ion abstracts proton water yield product aldol note starting aldehyde aldol condensation hydrogen carbonyl group form ion base aldol product carbonyl group hydrogens undergo reaction form polymers yes materials products reaction simplicity show products ignore fact higher molecular weight products formed
carbon hydrogen oxygen common elements living systems nitrogen fourth nitrogen found proteins nucleic acids naturally occurring compounds plant animal origin discussed nitrogen chapter later discuss nitrogen aromatic including nucleic acids chapter proteins chapter chapter discuss amines organic compounds trivalent nitrogen atoms bonded carbon atoms amines widely distributed plants animals amines physiological activity body natural stimulants sympathetic fight flight nervous system norepinephrine epinephrine adrenaline norepinephrine epinephrine number act sympathetic receptors compounds referred amines mimic extent physiological action norepinephrine epinephrine birth christ drug ephedrine extracted ma huang plant china drug today active nose drops cold remedies ephedrine shrinkage swollen nasal membranes nasal secretions overdoses nervousness sleeplessness mescaline hallucinogen isolated peyote cactus centuries indians southwestern mexico religious ceremonies amphetamine synthetic stimulant sleeplessness nervousness amphetamine prescribed obesity appetite depressant amines amphetamine chiral carbon pair active amphetamine dextrorotatory called dexedrine
branches science help understand body parts functions anatomy physiology anatomy morphology form shape refers study structure relationships structures anatomy broad science study structure meaningful specific aspects science considered surface anatomy study form markings surface body gross anatomy deals structures studied microscope systemic systematic anatomy covers specific systems body system nerves spinal cord brain system heart blood vessels blood regional anatomy deals specific region body head neck chest abdomen developmental anatomy study development fertilized egg adult form embryology generally restricted study development fertilized egg end eighth week utero branches anatomy pathological disease anatomy study structural caused disease tissue microscopic study structure tissues cytology cell study cells anatomy branches deal structures body physiology deals functions body parts body parts sciences completely separated part body custom modeled carry set functions structure function studied structure part determines functions perform turn body functions influence size shape health structures instance bones function rigid supports body constructed hard minerals
substances lie cells called extracellular materials include body fluids provide medium dissolving mixing transporting substances body fluids interstitial fluid fluid fills microscopic spaces interstitial spaces plasma fluid portion blood extracellular materials include secreted inclusions mucus special substances form matrix cells embedded matrix materials produced cells deposited plasma membranes matrix supports cells binds strength elasticity tissue matrix materials amorphous shape specific shape include acid chondroitin sulfate acid viscous substance binds cells lubricates joints maintains shape eyeballs chondroitin sulfate jellylike substance support cartilage bone heart valves cornea eye umbilical cord matrix materials fibrous threadlike fibrous materials provide strength support tissues glue fibers consisting protein collagen fibers found types connective tissue especially bones cartilage tendons ligaments reticular net fibers represent fibrous matrix consisting protein collagen coating reticular fibers form network fat cells nerve fibers muscle cells blood vessels form framework stroma soft organs body spleen elastic fibers consisting protein give elasticity skin tissues forming walls blood vessels cell activities mentioned maintain cell basis cells damaged diseased worn die
connective tissue fluid intercellular material typical cell termed connective tissue proper loose connective tissue widely distributed connective tissues body structurally consists fibers kinds cells embedded semifluid intercellular substance term loose refers loosely woven arrangement fibers intercellular substance fibers abundant arranged prevent stretching intercellular substance consists viscous material called acid acid facilitates passage nutrients blood vessels connective tissue adjacent cells tissues thick consistency acid impede movement drugs enzyme called injected tissue acid watery consistency feature clinical importance reduced viscosity absorption diffusion injected drugs fluids tissue lessen tension pain bacteria white blood cells sperm cells produce types fibers embedded cells loose connective tissue elastic reticular white fibers tough resistant pulling force flexible wavy fibers occur bundles composed minute fibers called lying parallel bundle arrangement affords deal strength chemically fibers consist protein collagen elastic yellow fibers contrast smaller fibers freely branch rejoin elastic fibers consist protein called fibers provide strength elasticity percent length
bones rigid bend damage fortunately skeletal system consists separate bones held joints flexible connective tissue movements change positions bony parts body occur joints understand importance joints imagine cast knee joint prevents flexing leg splint finger limits ability manipulate small objects terms articulation joint refer point contact bones cartilage bones joint structure determines function joints permit movement permit slight movement afford considerable movement general closer fit point contact stronger joint tightly fitted joints movement restricted looser fit greater movement unfortunately loosely fitted joints prone dislocation movement joints determined flexibility connective tissue binds bones position ligaments muscles tendons functional classification joints takes account degree movement permit functionally joints classified immovable joints slightly movable joints freely movable joints structural classification joints based presence absence joint cavity space articulating bones kind connective tissue binds bones structurally joints classified fibrous joint cavity bones held fibrous connective tissue cartilaginous joint cavity bones held cartilage synovial joint cavity bones forming joint united surrounding articular capsule frequently accessory ligaments detail later
frequently occurs inflammation involving tendon sheaths synovial membrane surrounding joints wrists shoulders elbows tennis elbow finger joints trigger finger ankles tendons affected affected sheaths visibly swollen fluid accumulation remain dry local tenderness variable disabling pain movement body part condition follows form trauma strain excessive exercise treatment analgesic inflammatory drugs warranted cortisone injections dislocation displacement bone joint tearing ligaments tendons capsules partial incomplete dislocation called common dislocations involving finger thumb shoulder mandible elbow knee hip common symptoms include loss motion temporary paralysis involved joint pain swelling occasionally shock dislocation caused blow fall unusual physical effort lead condition dislocation treated fracture aid administered dislocation reduced surgeon soon traction slight flexion abduction rotation reduce dislocation affected joint immobilized allow healing torn components cases surgery stabilize joint sprain forcible wrenching twisting joint partial rupture injury attachments damage blood vessels muscles tendons ligaments nerves sprain strain simply muscle severe sprains painful joint moved
leverage mechanical advantage gained lever largely responsible muscle strength range movement consider strength suppose muscles strength crossing acting joint assume attached farther joint closer muscle attached farther produce powerful movement strength movement depends placement muscle attachments considering range movement assume muscles strength crossing acting joint attached farther joint muscle inserting closer joint produce greater range movement range movement depends placement muscle attachments strength increases distance joint range movement decreases maximal strength maximal range incompatible strength range vary inversely recall chapter skeletal muscle fibers arranged muscle bundles called muscle fibers arranged parallel fashion bundle arrangement respect tendons characteristic patterns pattern called parallel parallel longitudinal axis terminate end flat tendons muscle typically quadrilateral shape muscle figure modification parallel arrangement called nearly parallel longitudinal axis terminate end flat tendons muscle tapers tendons diameter belly biceps muscle figure distinct pattern called convergent
assume average heart beats times minute cardiac cycle requires atria contract ventricles relax atrioventricular valves open semilunar valves closed atria relaxing ventricles contracting part period valves closed part semilunar valves open cycle relaxation quiescent period chambers diastole part quiescent period valves closed part atrioventricular valves open blood starts draining ventricles heart beats faster normal quiescent period shortened sound heartbeat comes primarily turbulence blood flow created closure valves contraction heart muscle sound lubb sound booming sound lubb sound created closure atrioventricular valves soon ventricular systole begins sound heard short sharp sound sound sound created semilunar valves close end ventricular systole pause sound sound cycle times longer pause sound cycle cardiac cycle heard lubb pause lubb pause lubb pause heart sounds produced part closure valves necessarily heard valves sound tends clearest slightly location closest surface body
heart problems result faulty coronary circulation reduced oxygen supply weakens cells actually kill condition called angina pectoris meaning chest pain occurs coronary circulation reduced reason stress produces constriction vessel walls common equally common strenuous exercise heavy meal quantity food enters stomach body increases blood flow digestive tract consequence blood diverted organs including heart exercise increases heart muscle activity heart need oxygen heavy food stomach lead oxygen deficiency angina pectoris weakens heart muscle produce full scale heart attack simple remedy taking nitroglycerin drug dilates coronary vessels increases blood flow area brings coronary circulation normal stops pain angina problem myocardial infarction commonly called coronary heart attack infarction means death area tissue interrupted blood supply myocardial infarction result embolus coronary arteries tissue distal obstruction dies replaced scar tissue heart muscle loses strength depend partly size location dead area diagnostic tests developed enable physicians diagnose heart attacks hours heart attack enzymes released bloodstream strongest indicators heart attack occurred test detects creatine found heart cells
cytoplasmic processes neurons generally depend direction conduct impulses kinds dendrites axons dendrites related tree highly branched thick extensions cytoplasm cell body typically bodies mitochondria cytoplasmic organelles neuron main dendrites function dendrites conduct impulse cell body type cytoplasmic process called axon axis cylinder single highly specialized thin process conducts impulses cell body neuron tissue axon originates cell body small conical elevation called axon hillock axon mitochondria bodies carry protein synthesis cytoplasm called surrounded plasma membrane known sheath husk axons vary length millimeters mm inch brain meter ft spinal cord toes course axon side branches called axon axon terminate branching fine filaments called distal ends expanded structures called synaptic knobs end feet important nerve impulse conduction term nerve fiber applied axon sheaths figure shows sections nerve fiber peripheral nervous system axons especially large peripheral axons surrounded white phospholipid segmented covering called myelin sheath axons covering myelinated unmyelinated function myelin sheath increase speed nerve impulse conduction insulate maintain axon
cases sympathetic fiber terminates large number postganglionic cell bodies postganglionic fibers terminate widely separated organs body impulse starts single neuron affect visceral effectors reason sympathetic responses widespread effects body fibers pass sympathetic trunk terminating trunk trunk form nerves known nerves figure passing trunk ganglia nerves terminate solar fibers synapse ganglia postganglionic cell bodies ganglia ganglia greater nerve passes postganglionic fibers distributed stomach spleen liver kidney small intestine lesser nerve passes superior superior postganglionic fibers small intestine colon lowest nerve present enters renal supply renal artery ureter lumbar nerve enters inferior fibers synapse postganglionic fibers inferior fibers pass supply distal colon rectum urinary bladder genital organs noted earlier postganglionic fibers leaving ganglia follow course arteries abdominal pelvic visceral effectors cell bodies parasympathetic division found nuclei brain stem lateral gray horn fourth sacral segments spinal cord figure
internal ear called labyrinth complicated series canals figure structurally consists main divisions bony labyrinth membranous labyrinth fits bony labyrinth bony labyrinth series cavities portion temporal bone divided areas named basis shape vestibule cochlea semicircular canals bony labyrinth lined fluid called fluid surrounds membranous labyrinth series sacs tubes lying inside general form bony labyrinth epithelium lines membranous labyrinth fluid called vestibule constitutes oval central portion bony labyrinth membranous labyrinth vestibule consists sacs called utricle saccule sacs connected small duct projecting upward vestibule bony semicircular canals arranged approximately angles basis positions called superior posterior lateral canals end canal enlarges swelling called inside bony semicircular canals lie portions membranous labyrinth semicircular ducts membranous semicircular canals structures identical shape bony semicircular canals communicate utricle vestibule lying front vestibule cochlea designated resemblance snail shell cochlea consists bony spiral canal makes turns central bony core called cross section cochlea shows canal divided partitions separate channels resembling letter side
larynx voice box short passageway connects pharynx trachea lies midline neck anterior fourth sixth cervical vertebrae walls larynx supported pieces cartilage figure single paired single pieces large thyroid cartilage smaller cartilage paired cartilages cartilages important paired cuneiform cartilages lesser significance thyroid cartilage adam apple consists fused plates form anterior wall larynx give triangular shape larger males females epiglottis large leaf shaped piece cartilage lying top larynx stem epiglottis attached thyroid cartilage leaf portion unattached free move trap door swallowing elevation larynx free edge epiglottis form lid closure space vocal folds true vocal cords larynx larynx closed liquids foods routed esophagus trachea air passes larynx cough reflex attempts expel material cartilage ring cartilage forming inferior walls larynx attached ring cartilage trachea paired cartilages pyramidal shape located superior border cartilage attach vocal folds pharyngeal muscles action move vocal cords
appearance eyes fourth week development broad shallow depression medial surface called optic groove figure development continues lateral outgrowths side arise outgrowth called optic vesicle figure distal part vesicle expands form hollow bulb proximal part remains narrow referred optic stalk figure surface ectoderm adjacent optic vesicle thickens known lens optic vesicle enlarges folds double layered optic cup outer thinner layer pigmented layer retina thicker layer nervous layer retina optic cup lens form hollow lens vesicle lens vesicle separates surface ectoderm surrounded optic cup lens vesicle eventually develop lens eye overlying ectoderm develop cornea eye fibers nervous layer retina pass optic stalk brain retinal blood vessels infiltrate stalk result optic nerve formed fibrous tunic vascular tunic formed local cells internal ear thickened region surface ectoderm side head hindbrain vesicle region develops shortly appearance optic groove called figure develops form pit continues pit separates surface ectoderm forming closed sac referred vesicle
embryo fetus carried uterus called gestation total human gestation period days beginning menstrual period term refers birth preceded sequence events commonly called labor onset labor apparently related complex interaction factors prior birth muscles uterus contract rhythmically forcefully placental hormones play role contractions progesterone inhibits uterine contractions labor place effects diminished end gestation estrogen mother blood overcome inhibiting effects progesterone labor suggested factor released placenta fetus mother suddenly overcomes inhibiting effects progesterone estrogen exert effect play role labor posterior pituitary gland stimulates uterine contractions uterine contractions occur waves similar peristaltic waves start top uterus move downward waves expel fetus true labor begins pains occur regular intervals pains correspond uterine contractions interval contractions shortens contractions intensify sign true labor females pain intensified walking reliable indication true labor show dilation cervix show discharge blood mucus accumulates cervical canal pregnancy false labor pain felt abdomen irregular intervals pain intensify altered significantly walking show cervical dilation
lower extremity consists buttocks thigh knee leg ankle foot outline superior border buttock region formed iliac crest posterior superior iliac spine posterior termination iliac crest lies deep dimple skin depression cm inches lateral midline prominence buttocks formed gluteus maximus gluteus muscles depression separates buttocks cleft inferior limit buttock formed inferior margin gluteus maximus muscle called fold bony prominence buttock hipbone structure bears weight body seated cm inches highest portion iliac crest greater femur felt lateral side thigh seen iliac crest greater landmarks giving intramuscular injection muscle exhibit prominent superficial muscles anterior surface thigh region sartorius components frequently injection site diabetics administering insulin superficial medial thigh muscles include magnus superficial posterior thigh muscles biceps exhibit anterior surface knee kneecap observable ligament posterior surface knee diamond shaped space fossa
live earth reason study planet especially environment resources understand appreciate earth important body universe broader view importance earth shrinks half dozen stars known faint unseen companions known companions faint stars massive planets revolving observed star earth appears average planet solar system earth unique abundant water exemplified oceans atmosphere support earth surface temperature controlled largely distance sun makes features features turn earth development history important aspects historical geology space program revealed earth unique earthlike planets studied magnetic field earth magnetic field reasons discussed later believed caused liquid iron core store energy formation surface features mountain ranges features unique earth central processes erosion deformation earth surface main aspects physical geology geology large part study consequences earth unique features geology contributed deal civilization intellectually economically concepts gained geological studies understanding age earth development absolute scale
geologic problems diverse complex approached indirectly cases approaches problem lead conflicting theories generally difficult test theory rigorously reasons scale problems prevents laboratory study bring volcano laboratory facets volcanoes studied indoors difficult simulate geologic experiment means geology lacks exactness ideas change data basic weakness geology science means remains discovered measure challenge geology reasoning ability broad background branches science main tools geologists geologists method multiple working hypotheses test theories attempt arrive reasoned theory thought process requires hypotheses ability devise ways test arrive unique solution goal sense geologists observation attention details reasoning methods similar fictional detectives important method geologist plot maps locations rock types exposed earth surface rocks plotted according type age maps fig maps interpret history area early geologists maps remote area difficult cases excellent maps produced aerial photographs areas
gems generally prized beauty qualities gems minerals pearls amber notable exceptions organic beautiful minerals gems rarity expense certainly qualities gems minds hardness important gem hard order resist scratching tough durable resist breakage gems cut generally cleavages faces facets shaped polished jade gem prized toughness toughness carved beautiful objects diamonds harder jade nearly tough diamonds shatter struck cleavage opal turquoise soft easily damaged rings owners sadly testify beauty gems results color especially affect light brilliance gems diamond comes high index refraction measure light ray bent entering crystal note faces cut correct angles internal reflection occurs giving diamond sparkle brilliance commonly gems high dispersion reflected light shows colors occurs color wavelength light bent amount gem entering white light split colors rainbow gems opal show play colors dispersion due minute fractures tiny crystals
dolomite composed mainly mineral dolomite recognized effervescence dilute hydrochloric acid scratching produce powder react scratching concentrated warm dilute hydrochloric acid dolomite generally formed replacement calcite presumably soon burial calcium atoms calcite replaced magnesium atoms reduction volume replacement produce irregular voids generally fossils microscopically fine grained silica sio equivalent mineral table appendix unfortunate names applied fine grained varieties silica names based minor differences color luster substantiated modern methods agreement naming opal fine grained quartz dozens names applied silica agate banded types flint dark gray black originates ways precipitate directly seawater areas releases abundant silica comes accumulation silica shells organisms organisms remove dissolved silica seawater form shells skeletons silica remains diatoms sponge spicules composed opal opal easily form making origin difficult discern recrystallization silica replace materials fossils replaced silica common occurs limestone beautifully preserved fossils delicate features intact recovered dissolving limestone acid form beds nodules gypsum forms evaporation seawater
metamorphic rocks rocks type composition changed mineral composition texture study metamorphic rocks developed later study igneous rocks methods study rock types metamorphic rocks difficult study complex structures variations composition hutton recognize clearly rocks undergo concept metamorphism crude light later knowledge middle nineteenth century french geologists established main types metamorphism contact metamorphism regional metamorphism werner idea developed metamorphic rocks oldest rocks complex structures locations cores mountain ranges oldest sedimentary rocks suggest antiquity oldest rocks metamorphic rocks metamorphic rocks discovery deformed fossils metamorphic rocks showed early de found fossils mica schist alps discovery helped convince werner age assignment wrong found fossils metamorphic rocks norway discovery accelerated study understanding metamorphic rocks present mapping metamorphic areas aided radioactive dating mapping complex structures means recognizing ages rocks difficult undertaking turn century studies intensity grade metamorphism field mapping microscopic study studies barrow scotland alps oslo finland
mineral resources earth finite mined metal aspect spaceship earth analogy metals aluminum run especially silver mercury lead zinc gold tin run metal mines evenly distributed industrial country sufficient mineral resources obviously industrial countries mineral resources greater quantities underdeveloped countries underdeveloped nonindustrial countries striving industrial countries raise standards living rate minerals bound increase increase rapid earth population lives undeveloped countries examples metal usage show magnitude problem capita iron united states ton total population figure ton united states usage times average iron production increased times earth standard living united states estimated population earth double capita iron production doubled united states standard living production increased times course iron mineral resources needed similar ratios achieve goals projections high number reasons export manufactured goods industrial countries
flood hazard map base standard geological survey topographic includes contours define ground elevation stated intervals appendix area inundated flood record superimposed light blue map designate flood hazard area marked flood hazard map distances half mile intervals mouth stream locations gauging stations crest stage gauges drainage divides figure shows part elmhurst typical flood map accompanying flood hazard map explanatory texts tables graphs facilitate set graphs shows linear flood profiles fig major streams user tell high water rose point floods valuable tool fig set graphs showing probable frequency flooding selected gauging stations charts average interval floods expected exceed elevation frequencies expressed probabilities express flood risk flood hazard property area percent chance inundated floodwaters illustrate flood hazard map assume property salt creek elmhurst half mile south lake street plan build want risk flooded examine elmhurst flood hazard map fig note property located point miles mouth salt creek
dry regions form quarter total land surface earth arid areas hot deserts deserts dry areas cold main desert areas subtropics thirty degrees north south latitude caused primary atmospheric circulation earth dry air descend latitudes resulting compression heats dry air arid areas occur rain shadows high mountain ranges southwestern united states area moist winds pacific ocean cooled precipitate moisture forced rise sierra nevada mountain ranges california passing ranges dry descending air heated compression arid areas lack moisture emphasis types geologic processes rainfall infrequent irregular main agent erosion rain fall place generally form intense cloudburst thunderstorm lack vegetation enables storms erode efficiently splash runoff flash floods dry stream channels miles storm trap unwary travelers runoff carries loose surface material stream channels resulting flow thick mudflow normal stream carry huge boulders damage path weathering slow mechanical weathering important arid regions chemical weathering soil formed limestone rapidly dissolved humid climates forms bold cliffs desert
recognition glaciers recent geologic past covered northern hemisphere alps observations deposits valleys similar materials deposited glaciers concluded glaciers extensive showed field evidence jean louis agassiz agassiz skeptical quickly convinced quickly grasped glaciation occur switzerland lower temperature worldwide realization led recognition ice age announced conclusions evidence past continental glaciation recognized europe north america agassiz traveled extensively study glaciation spent harvard prior agassiz glacial deposits thought remnants flood carried icebergs agassiz discovery uniformitarianism adopted result publication lyell book died theory wane idea geological rapid earthquakes creating valleys climatic bring ice age rapid agassiz discovery slowed acceptance uniformitarianism short glaciers important rivers erosion shaped landforms northern north american eurasia addition high mountain ranges greatly modified mountain glaciers glacier mass moving ice
lake montana earthquake august shallow earthquake magnitude produced parallel fault kilometers miles meters feet high fig tilting movements clearly shown displaced shorelines lake area close yellowstone national park shocks affected geysers mainly increasing activity temporarily main damage remote area triggering huge rockslide unfortunately slide fell campground burying number fig dammed madison river creating problem feared lake created dam dam flowing water rapidly erode rockslide debris flood channel later bulldozed rockslide control water flow goal seismologists prediction place magnitude earthquakes property damage casualties reduced recently inadvertently human actions triggered earthquakes suggesting possibility earthquakes controlled control enable small harmless quakes allow natural destructive quake earthquake weather believed precursor earthquakes studies destructive earthquakes hundred revealed correlation weather earthquakes folklore persists longstanding giant earthquakes magnitudes occur periods occurred periods periods times earth rate rotation slower normal
recently known percent earth crust covered ocean water continents continental shelves parts continents covered ocean studied directly oceanic crust studied indirect means depth soundings seismic studies bottom samples cores difference kinds data results knowing things major parts earth crust obvious aspect exceptions large structures known oceans hopefully future detailed studies methods provide information oceanic crust known continental crust chapter describes features ocean relationship crustal structures oceanography began voyage british ship challenger oceanographic research vessel learned shape ocean bottoms invention echo sounder fig prior soundings weight line war ii soundings discover submarine mountains flat tops late connection international geophysical soundings discover unity mid ocean ridges discoveries development continuous echo sounder operate ship sound waves obtain topographic profile bottom energy sources dynamite electric sparks penetrate depths bottom rocks learn structures
mid ocean ridge continuously oceans center clearly offset places figs map pattern suggests movement faults displaced ridge idea strengthened fracture zones extending hundred kilometers offsets simple interpretation correct offsets mid ocean ridge spreading center complex features offset ridge called transform faults mid ocean ridges originate discontinuous features apparent offsets original features case movement transform faults caused formation ocean crust segments mid ocean ridges opposite direction apparent offset fig detailed seismic studies reveal nature movements faults offset mid ocean ridge determine relative direction movement plates side fault direction movement studies show movement block mid ocean ridge expected crust created note shown fig relative movement opposite expected ordinary fault movement special kind fault termed transform fault occurs mid ocean ridges san andreas fault oceanic fracture zones believed transform faults faults chapter transform faults note earthquakes occur parts transform faults segments mid ocean ridges scars transform faults extend distances plates fig scars discovered transform faults recognized called fracture zones
maps simply scale drawings part earth surface similar blueprint object dress pattern maps drawn sheets paper show horizontal dimensions geologists civil engineers users maps require dimension elevation shown maps maps shape land called topographic maps number ways showing topography current familiar color tint shades green low elevations brown higher elevations accurate method involves contour lines map scales designated ways scale stated unit length map unit length ground inch equals mile meaning inch map represents mile ground scale stated scale ratio representative fraction meaning unit unit map equals number units ground scale inch map represent inches ground mile inches map centimeter represent centimeters ground maps graphic scale generally lower margin measuring distances contour line imaginary line part elevation shore line contour single point elevation contour lines cross overhanging cliff
geological mapping important methods study interpretation earth earth history geologic map simply map rock types earth surface plotted generally rock types plotted topographic contour maps topography commonly related rock types knowing topography helps geologist interpret geologic map aid interpretation geologic maps symbols things attitude slope planar features bedding planes sedimentary rocks information geologic map surface geology underlying structure area interpreted main difficulty geologic mapping outcrops bedrock rare regions weathered material soil cover earth surface preparation geologic map begins field geologist locating outcrops rock types map aerial photograph area fig generally units mapped formations formations rock units generally easy recognize reasonably easy map geologic map show boundaries formations boundaries called contacts fig units shown map directional properties bedding sedimentary rocks metamorphic rocks attitude features noted attitude shown shaped strike dip symbol shown maps longer line shows strike direction intersection bed horizontal plane
naturally radioactive isotopes shown table fig note radioactive series steps stable isotope formed number isotopes decay stable product single step isotopes potassium decay processes daughter products addition series shown figures series half series shorter small amounts members series found nature element equal number protons electrons variable number neutrons determines isotope element element decays alpha emission loses protons neutrons alpha particle atomic number reduced atomic mass reduced shown equation alpha particles seen luminous dial watch dark room flash light produced alpha particle hits zinc sulfide dial watch seen magnifying lens beta decay electron lost thought occurring neutron separates proton electron electron emitted high velocity proton retained nucleus atomic number increased atomic mass remains additional proton nucleus balanced gaining electron outer shell free electrons generally captured atom
bernard concept milieu internal environment championed elaborated american physiologist walter cannon introduced term homeostasis word comes greek words meaning similar stasis meaning stand stay combined terms standing freely expressed keeping status quo homeostasis condition organism maintains constant internal environment cannon research repeatedly demonstrated homeostatic processes continually monitoring adjusting body functions maintain milieu prescribed limits suitable cellular published book entitled wisdom body title emphasizes fact control internal environment essential design organization animal ensuring component parts cooperation studying physiology discover activities animal controlled discovery requires examination stimulus input response output control system study discrepancy detected corrected accurately system works examination chiefly applying methods experimental physiology biophysics biochemistry body fluid bathes body cells termed extracellular fluid fluid compartment conveniently divided interstitial fluid plasma interstitial comes latin verb means put interstitial fluid fluid flowing submicroscopic spaces cells plasma portion extracellular fluid confined interior heart blood vessels substances extracellular fluid gases nutrients electrically charged chemical particles called ions needed maintenance
gas definite shape definite volume occupies entire volume container introduced gases exert pressure gas molecules constantly striking walls container molecules strike walls container frequency pressure exerted uniformly container walls gases compressible means shortly finally gases expand heating let information describe gas laws greatly affect body boyle law states volume gas varies inversely pressure assuming temperature constant works suppose gas introduced cylinder movable piston pressure gauge figure initially pressure atmosphere atm pressure created gas molecules striking walls container place weights piston increase external pressure gas molecules compressed gas sample concentrated smaller volume gauge pressure doubles gas compressed half volume figure number molecules half space produce pressure conversely piston raised increase volume pressure decreases volume gas varies inversely pressure law applied operation bicycle pump blowing balloon differences pressure force air lungs inhale force air lungs exhale according charles law volume gas directly proportional absolute temperature assuming pressure remains constant
suspension mixture diameter dispersed particles greater particles colloidal dispersion suspension undergo insoluble note effect light suspension find suspended material blocks passage light colloidal dispersion particles suspension pass filter membrane suspended particles tend settle standing large size pulled gravity suspensions heterogeneous suspension clay water blood cells suspended plasma examples pharmaceutical suspensions milk magnesia magnesia water aluminum hydroxide water penicillin water chemicals body exist form compounds biologists chemists divide compounds principal classes inorganic compounds lack carbon organic compounds carbon inorganic compounds small ionically bonded molecules vital body functions include water salts acids bases organic compounds held entirely covalent bonds tend large molecules building blocks body structures organic compounds present body include carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids atp cyclic amp chemistry importance carbohydrates lipids proteins considered chapter metabolic physiology important abundant inorganic substances human organism water fact exceptions tooth enamel bone tissue water abundant material tissues
passive processes molecules altered chemically physically enter cells associating molecules pass membrane processes result simple diffusion termed membrane transport processes mediated facilitated transport processes set criteria mediated transport systems exhibit saturation kinetics concentration substances cell increases rate entry cell increases point gradually levels despite increases concentration substances cell figure findings suggest rate entry regulated carrier molecule system reaches maximum level operation surpass saturated criterion mediated transport termed specificity transport molecule specific attraction complements exactly shape molecule transported combination transported molecule carrier depends fitting pieces jigsaw puzzle molecules fit transported carrier criterion mediated transport transport process specifically inhibited competitive molecule similar structure transported fitting receptor site transport molecule molecule attaches transport molecule site normal receptor position transport molecule assume shape altering receptor site longer accept molecules transport criteria strongly transport process involves proteins bind release specific molecules transferring membrane
proceeding discussion nerve cell activity initiates impulses produces conduction review basic electrical principles electrical charges exist types positive negative behave symmetrically equal opposite fashion electricity discovered naming types charges arbitrary established terminology needed remain constant examination hands illustrates idea behave symmetrically equal opposite fashion hands named left prevent confusion permit logical discussion decision names unchangeable simple experiment demonstrate principle electricity cork balls suspended silk thread loaded identical electrical charges balls brought close fly shows charges repel balls loaded negative charge positive charge attract shows unlike charges attract electrical charges discovered structure atom known electrons protons discovered found electrons behaved particles carried negative charges protons behaved carried positive charges atoms element equal numbers positive negative charges believed number negative charges universe equals number positive charges order observe electrical activity opposite charges separated force acting repel attract charges measured force attraction repulsion charges related quantity charge distance charges force increases charges brought closer quantity charge increases
term white matter refers myelinated axons neurons supported lipid substance myelin whitish color white matter gray areas nervous system called gray matter nerve cell bodies dendrites bundles unmyelinated axons nerve bundle fibers located central nervous system dendrites somatic afferent neurons axons somatic efferent neurons peripheral nervous system myelinated nerves white matter nerve cell bodies lie central nervous system generally grouped nerve cell bodies form ganglia knot ganglia principally unmyelinated nerve cell bodies masses gray matter tract bundle fibers central nervous system tracts run distances spinal cord tracts exist brain connect parts brain spinal cord chief spinal tracts conduct impulses cord concerned sensory impulses called ascending tracts contrast spinal tracts carry impulses cord motor tracts called descending tracts major tracts consist myelinated fibers white matter nucleus mass nerve cell bodies dendrites central nervous system consists gray matter horns columns chief areas gray matter spinal cord term horn describes dimensional appearance organization gray matter spinal cord seen cross section term column describes dimensional appearance gray matter longitudinal columns white matter spinal cord arranged columns refer gray matter arranged horns
addition receptors sound waves ear receptors equilibrium anatomically ear divided principal regions external outer ear middle ear internal ear external outer ear structurally designed collect sound waves direct figure consists external auditory canal tympanic membrane called eardrum auricle trumpet shaped flap elastic cartilage covered thick skin rim called helix inferior portion lobe attached head ligaments muscles external auditory canal tube cm inch length lies external auditory temporal bone leads eardrum tympanic membrane eardrum thin semitransparent partition fibrous connective tissue external auditory middle ear called tympanic cavity middle ear small epithelial lined air filled cavity hollowed temporal bone figure cavity separated external ear eardrum internal ear thin bony partition small openings oval window round window posterior wall cavity communicates cells temporal bone chamber called tympanic anterior wall cavity opening leads directly eustachian tube called auditory tube eustachian tube connects middle ear nose throat function tube equalize air pressure sides tympanic membrane
autonomic nervous system impulses relayed synapses means transmitter substances chemicals released fibers ganglia postganglionic fiber transmitter substances important operation autonomic reflexes acetylcholine ach norepinephrine ne term describe fibers acetylcholine transmitter substance describes fibers utilize epinephrine transmitter substance fibers include fibers postganglionic fibers parasympathetic neurons sympathetic postganglionic fibers sweat glands recall chapter innervation skeletal muscle mediated acetylcholine important situation involves adrenal gland gland consists major divisions medulla cortex medulla autonomic nervous control cortex endocrine control chapter medulla innervated nerve belongs sympathetic division innervation reaching adrenal medulla corresponds fibers cells medulla correspond postganglionic cells course axons fibers release ach terminals stimulated transmitter substance acts cells adrenal medulla release mixture norepinephrine epinephrine bloodstream acetylcholine synthesized stored inactive form terminals fibers small membrane enclosed synaptic vesicles store ach seen electron microscope ach synthesized rapidly vesicles biosynthesis carried enzyme named figure release ach terminals requires ions present
functions pancreas classified endocrine gland functions gland discussed later chapter section describe endocrine functions pancreas flattened organ located posterior slightly inferior stomach figure adult pancreas consists head body tail average length cm inches average weight oz endocrine portion pancreas consists clusters cells called islets langerhans figure kinds cells found islets alpha cells constitute percent cells synthesize secrete hormone glucagon beta cells constitute percent cells synthesize secrete hormone insulin islets surrounded numerous blood capillaries cells form part gland glucagon insulin peptide molecules structures determined hormones concerned regulation carbohydrate fat protein metabolism relationship pancreas diabetes mellitus established von surgically removed pancreas dogs produced diabetic condition took banting able isolate active preparation insulin functioned relieve diabetic symptoms structure insulin molecule figure molecule consists polypeptide chains designated linked disulfide bridges chain disulfide bridge encloses series amino acids
term lactation refers secretion milk mammary glands pregnancy mammary glands develop rich system ducts alveoli influence estrogens progesterone delivery mammary glands secrete fluid called colostrum essentially fat free kind milk true lactation suppressed actions estrogens progesterone high levels hormones prevent release hormone prolactin anterior pituitary levels estrogens progesterone mother blood decrease birth hormone prolactin released stimulate glandular tissue mammary glands figure glands respond stimulus secreting large quantities fat sugar lactose protein called casein days mammary glands able produce large volumes milk milk produced large volumes pour freely nipples milk obtained released breasts suckling action newborn child suckling action triggers unusual combined hormonal reflex called milk letdown phenomenon suckling action infant breast sends afferent nerve impulses spinal cord hypothalamus released posterior pituitary receipt nerve stimuli hypothalamus distributed blood breast hormone cells alveoli contract contents alveoli ejected let ducts suckling baby entire reflex phenomenon requires minute mother trigger letdown reflex merely thinking nursing baby
term refers condition characterized abnormal increase number red blood cells increases million cells cubic millimeter considered disorder harmful thickness blood viscosity greatly increased viscosity contributes tendency thrombosis hemorrhage rise blood pressure tendency thrombosis develop results red blood cells piling try enter smaller vessels tendency hemorrhage results widespread unusually large amount blood organ part basic types primary secondary primary type characterized overactivity red bone marrow enlarged liver spleen unknown secondary type results oxygen deficiency arteries suffering chronic cardiac pulmonary disease include high altitudes liver cancer interfere normal function liver disposing millions red blood cells daily clinical test important diagnosis anemia hematocrit percentage red blood cells blood average hematocrit percent anemic blood hematocrit percent blood hematocrit percent known disorders affecting white blood cells infectious mononucleosis leukemia infectious mononucleosis contagious disease viral origin occurs mainly children young adults trademark disease elevated white count abnormally high percentage mononuclear cells primarily lymphocytes mentioned earlier chapter increase number monocytes chronic infection
tissues blood flows small portion total capillaries tissue active metabolic needs increase entire bed capillaries fills blood muscle rest estimated hundredth capillaries functioning general arrangement capillaries tissues shown figure flow patterns evident easy blood volume capillary bed vary greatly true capillaries direct flow route arteriole small vein direct flow route preferential channel select capillary slightly thicker supporting tissue coat runs directly arteriole true capillaries emerge vessels termed branch parent arteriole angles identified irregular distribution smooth muscle cells gradually decrease number length vessel point capillary leaves smooth muscle cells encircle capillary constitute called sphincter sphincter closes blood flow true capillary bed stops smooth muscle cells arterioles controlled sympathetic nerves appears cycling activity alternately constrict relax periods greater activity relaxation phase longer tissue resting constrictor phase prolonged addition change local conditions oxygen lack accumulation wastes lactic acid relax
end result multiplier salt gradient exists kidney medulla gradient reaches high liter tips renal papillae decreases values liter boundary salt gradient maintained continual operation exchange system operation precisely regulated removes sufficient salt interstitial salt concentration increases decreases salt gradient set maintained conjunction hormone hormone varying volumes water collecting ducts fluid entering distal portion hypotonic surrounding flow rate ml minute percent volume filtered glomerulus minute passage distal tubule fluid enters collecting ducts figure shows portion collecting duct permeability collecting duct variable depending circulating plasma deficiency water body level elevated increases permeability walls collecting ducts fluid descends collecting duct water salt laden concentration collecting duct quickly surroundings peak level urine concentration equal highest salt concentration tips renal papillae liter diuresis large volume urine output circulating level depressed collecting ducts rendered increasingly impermeable water drawn walls collecting ducts volume fluid excreted greater concentration salts lower
believed divine creation carolus linnaeus eighteenth century swedish naturalist developed present system nomenclature biological species linnaeus published species volumes species plant known linnaeus encyclopedic volumes explorers returning europe africa previously undescribed plants animals apparently kinds human beings linnaeus revised edition edition accommodate findings change opinion species existence created sixth god labor remained fixed linnaeus clear pattern creation complex originally envisioned french scientist georges louis leclerc de buffon suggest species undergo course buffon believed took place process degeneration suggested addition numerous creatures produced divine creation beginning lesser families conceived nature produced fact summed improvement degeneration thing imply alteration original constitution buffon hypothesis vague mechanism attempt explain bewildering variety creatures modern early doubter fixity species erasmus darwin charles darwin grandfather erasmus darwin physician gentleman naturalist prolific writer verse botany zoology erasmus darwin suggested largely footnotes species historical connections animals change response environment offspring inherit
actually sugars number objectively properties molecular weight melting point calorie content sweetness property beauty eye beholder sweetness resides molecule perception systems evolved detect houseflies instance sugar detectors feet housefly lights droplet weak sugar solution tubular feeds automatically extended response evolved millennia food detecting mechanism similarly sensory receptors tuned detection sugar receptors keeping eating habits tongues sugar energy source organisms sugar detecting mechanisms housefly reacts positively types sugars detection mechanism gauged extension test million times sensitive capacity detect sugars fact sensation pleasurable evolved insects animals promoted ingestion energy rich food molecules extension survival taste sugar exploited plants flowering plants evolved dripping sugary syrup lure pollinators flowers fruits turn sweet seeds mature ready transported germination site animals consume sugary products obtain energy rich sugar molecules essential nutrients plant proteins lipids vitamins minerals today taste sugar exploited manufacturers prepared foods
ribosomes numerous cell organelles rapidly growing coli cell approximately ribosomes eukaryotic cell times noted chapter proteins chains amino acids assembled specific sequence ribosomes sites assembly takes place process explored detail chapter protein cell making ribosomes ribosomes distributed cell related kinds proteins making proteins enzymes hemoglobin cell collagen digestive enzymes hormones mucus released cell carrying functions distance cellular scale source cells making proteins embryonic cells ribosomes tend distributed cytoplasm high voltage electron microscope revealed ribosomes floating free cytoplasm clustered network cells making digestive enzymes proteins export ribosomes found attached complex system internal membranes endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic reticulum network interconnecting flattened sacs tubes channels found eukaryotic cells amount endoplasmic reticulum cell fixed increases decreases depending cell activity types endoplasmic reticulum rough ribosomes attached smooth ribosomes continuous rough endoplasmic reticulum predominates cells making large amounts proteins export continuous outer membrane nuclear envelope ribosomes attached
photosynthesis living systems incorporate carbon dioxide atmosphere organic carbon compounds respiration compounds broken carbon dioxide water processes viewed worldwide scale result carbon cycle principal cycle plants phytoplankton marine algae synthesize carbohydrates carbon dioxide water release oxygen atmosphere billion metric tons carbon bound carbon compounds photosynthesis carbohydrates plants release carbon dioxide roots leaves marine algae release water maintains equilibrium carbon dioxide air billion metric tons carbon stored dissolved carbon dioxide seas billion metric tons atmosphere carbohydrates animals feed live plants algae releasing carbon dioxide enormous amount carbon contained dead bodies plants organisms discarded leaves shells feces waste materials settle soil sink ocean floors consumed decomposers small invertebrates bacteria fungi carbon dioxide released processes reservoir air oceans larger store carbon lies surface earth form coal oil deposited million ago natural processes respiration balance millions carbon dioxide atmosphere tell remained constant volume small proportion atmosphere percent
trace beginning hypotheses proved pick important thread modern biological history experiment performed remote biochemistry genetics frederick griffith public health bacteriologist studying possibility developing vaccines bacterial cells pneumococci kind pneumonia days development modern antibiotics bacterial pneumonia disease grim captain death pneumococci griffith knew virulent disease causing forms capsules polysaccharide coats nonvirulent harmless forms capsules figure known pneumococcus mutant form griffith term applied bacteria griffith interested finding injections heat killed virulent pneumococci disease immunize pneumonia course experiments performed gave puzzling results injected mice simultaneously heat killed virulent bacteria living nonvirulent bacteria harmless mice died griffith performed autopsies found bodies filled living encapsulated virulent bacteria figure dead virulent cells passed living nonvirulent cells endowed living cells capacity capsules virulent shown phenomenon reproduced test tube questions answered found extracts killed encapsulated bacteria added living harmless bacteria convert virulent type ability capsules
plasmid recognized fertility factor coli plasmid genes control production pili appendages extend surface cells plasmid cells known cells attach cells cells lacking plasmid pili transfer plasmid cells giving capacity produce special pili transfer plasmid dna cell cell cell contact known conjugation transfer plasmid diagrammed figure note involves mode replication known rolling circle factor plasmids spliced bacterial chromosome figure integrated longer replicated independently passively copied chromosome bacterial cell plasmid part chromosome known high frequency recombination cell cell astonishing property attaches cell bacterial chromosome portion thereof transferred cell cell words genes bacterial chromosome passed cell resulting gene combination recipient cell conjugation effect form mating cell conjugation strand circular dna molecule bacterial chromosome breaks opens plasmid sequence rolling circle replication begins end single strand dna passes cell cell
single celled ascomycetes known yeasts yeasts adapted environments high sugar content nectar flowers surface fruits noted chapter responsible fermentation fruit juice wine yeasts characteristically small oval cells reproduce asexually budding sexual reproduction yeasts occurs cells unite form zygote zygote produce diploid buds undergo meiosis produce haploid nuclei subsequent mitotic division zygote wall ascus walls laid haploid nuclei ascospores formed liberated ascus wall breaks ascomycetes plant parasites ergot instance famous fungus produced diseases caused claviceps purpurea parasite rye ergot seldom damage crop rye dangerous small amount mixed rye grains severe illness domestic animals eat bread flour accompanied gangrene nervous spasms psychotic delusions convulsions occurred frequently middle ages known st anthony fire epidemic died ergot muscles contract blood vessels constrict medical initial source psychedelic drug lysergic acid diethylamide lsd familiar mushrooms mushroom spore producing body composed masses tightly packed hyphae mycelium mushrooms produced forms diffuse mat grow large meters diameter
behaviorally octopus studied octopus sea dweller creeps actively arms swims rapidly water strong muscular contractions expel water mantle cavity octopus carnivorous living smaller sea animals crabs bites crab prey beak injecting toxin salivary glands bundles paralyzed animal web carries home eat actively pursuit food octopus lacking protective shell lives small caves rocks reefs wreckage curious able arms dexterity octopus makes extremely apt experimental subject seawater tank gather bricks shells movable debris crude sort house sits watches bobbing head eye remarkably similar equally acute apparently octopus stereoscopic vision head bobbing estimates distance fixing object points surveyors distant landmark confronted object larger octopus literally pales flattens turns white dark area eyes dark trim edges web makes octopus larger serves deter predator contrast sight crab excite octopus arms weave skin color darkens breaking patches bright blue pink purple depending species
phylum chordata includes species grouped subphyla include called familiar sea squirts vertebrates term invertebrate refers animals members subphylum chordata subphylum includes species known figure small blade shaped semitransparent animal found shallow marine waters warmer parts swim efficiently spends sandy bottom mouth protruding surface animal exemplifies salient features chordates notochord rod extends length body serves firm flexible axis notochord structural support swim strong motions move water speed unattainable flatworms aquatic annelids chordate characteristic dorsal hollow nerve cord tube runs beneath dorsal surface animal principal nerve cords phyla noted solid ventral surface characteristic pharynx gill slits pharyngeal apparatus highly developed fishes serves respiratory function traces gill slits remain human embryo pharynx serves primarily collecting food cilia sides pharyngeal gill slits pull steady current water passes slits chamber known atrium exits
addition interplay endocrine nervous systems nervous system subdivisions finely tuned system checks balances subdivision somatic system innervates skeletal muscle autonomic involuntary system innervates smooth muscle cardiac muscle glands autonomic system subdivided sympathetic parasympathetic divisions sympathetic division active times stress danger remember helpful associate sympathy emotions major effectors sympathetic division adrenal medulla effects general sympathetic stimulation associate rush adrenaline parasympathetic division plays major role supporting everyday activities digestion excretion functions endocrine nervous systems greater detail chapters mention organ system discussed influence endocrine system sympathetic parasympathetic divisions autonomic nervous system body integration control systems characteristically act negative feedback loops simplest everyday system thermostat regulates furnace temperature house drops preset thermostat level thermostat turns furnace temperature rises preset level thermostat turns heat living organism systems seldom completely homeostatic control finely modulated principle instance endocrine cells pancreas produce hormones vital carbohydrate metabolism alpha cells produce glucagon beta cells produce insulin glucose concentration blood falls glucagon produced release glucose liver
mammals oxygen requirements humans structurally respiratory organs similar marine mammals dive depths stay submerged periods sperm whale found depth meters known stay submerged minutes weddell seal smaller animal dive meters stay submerged minutes swim submerged meters miles lungs blood special oxygen reserves submarine studies variety diving mammals shown lungs significantly larger proportion fact seals diving mammals exhale diving early dive blood volume greater humans blood percent body weight diving marine mammals percent blood vessels proportionately enlarged serve reservoir oxygenated blood proportion red blood cells higher myoglobin concentrated giving muscles dark color physiologists calculate adaptations provide oxygen dives major survival factor studies diving mammals shown group automatic reactions known collectively diving reflex dive heart rate slows blood supply reduced tenth twentieth normal tissues tolerant oxygen deprivation digestive organs skin muscles muscles obtain energy anaerobic glycolysis producing large amounts lactic acid building oxygen debt page
ago luigi galvani observed passage electric current nerve frog leg muscle twitch known nerve conduction electrical phenomena progressing review simple principles electricity basic concept types electric charge positive negative charges repel unlike charges attract negatively charged particles tend move area positive charge vice versa metal copper negative charges move principle materials permit movement charged particles copper wire solution ions known conductors materials permit movement charged particles fat rubber insulators difference amount electric charge region positive charge region negative charge called electric potential saw chapter page electric potential form potential energy boulder top hill water dam potential energy converted electrical energy electricity charged particles allowed move solution wire regions charge difference potential energy regions measured volts small assumed nerve impulse electric current traveling nerve axon flow electrons electricity travels wire model hold critical scrutiny
iron heavier materials earth composed collected dense core center surrounding core lighter layer solid molten rock outermost layer overlapping mobile plates continents rest continents composed largely light igneous rocks latin word fire igneous rock formed directly molten material surfaces continents change constantly crumpled contractions collisions rise sink collide motion plates carried page consequence earth surface uniform varies widely place place composition height sea level mineral content earth surface altitude affect growth plants living organisms land surface earth seen divided number geographic areas distinguished types dominant plants major continent deserts grasslands deciduous forests categories characteristic plant called biomes distribution biomes figure results kinds physical factors distribution heat sun relative portions earth global patterns air circulation directions prevailing moisture bearing winds blow geologic factors distribution mountains height orientation communities plants animal biome discontinuous community closely resemble community side planet instance deserts look remarkably similar
baboons studied monkeys interesting advantage earthbound field worker large monkeys adult male weighs kilograms size female mantle prominent canine teeth males females eat diet large canines reasonably assumed function chiefly fighting display species baboons organized bands ranging individuals males band species bands social dominance hierarchies males females desert species bands subdivided family groups single adult male females young totaling members males strong taking females experiment adult males knew strange adult female trapped male enclosed female allowed watch cage meters male caged female immediately grooming mounting herding advances female member fifteen minutes later male put enclosure pair refrained fighting female avoided looking pair animals separated days later experiment repeated switching males male watched activities male female pair strongly inhibited behavior
size population course result birth rate death rate enormous recent increase population actually product decline death rates especially young increase births pakistan population million million million period birth rates remained death rate thirds ago population growth depends age population pakistan half population ideal child family obtained future pakistan population double half century effects population structure population growth discussed pages unequal distribution growth makes problem difficult births occurring greatest rates precisely areas arrivals chance adequate diet housing schools medical care future occupations affluent citizens developed countries constantly reminded soaring population rate problems hunger crowding evident poor countries feel problem child born middle class american consume lifetime greater amount limited resources amount food instance child born developed country words jean mayer chairman national council hunger malnutrition united states rich occupy space consume natural resource disturb ecology create land air water chemical thermal radioactive pollution poor
fairly recently prominent biologists believed living systems qualitatively nonliving vital spirit enables perform activities carried living organism concept known proponents dismiss foolish idea rapidly discover seventeenth century opposed group known french philosopher rene descartes leading proponent group set proving body worked essentially machine arms legs move levers heart pump lungs bellows stomach mortar pestle nineteenth century simple mechanical models living organisms abandoned argument centered chemistry living organisms governed principles chemistry performed laboratory claimed chemical operations performed living tissues carried experimentally laboratory categorizing reactions chemical vital opponents called believed complex operations living systems reduced simpler readily understandable achieved partial victory german chemist friedrich wohler converted inorganic substance ammonium cyanate familiar organic substance urea hand claims supported fact chemical knowledge improved compounds found living tissues seen nonliving inorganic late leading louis pasteur claimed took place fruit juice transformed wine vital carried living cells cells yeast
amount heat amount substance requires increase temperature specific heat called heat capacity calorie defined amount heat raise temperature gram cubic centimeter water specific heat water specific heat oil alcohol approximately calorie raise temperature gram oil alcohol times specific heat air times iron liquid ammonia higher specific heat words requires high input energy raise temperature water heat form energy kinetic energy energy movement molecules molecules motion vibrate rotate shift position relation molecules temperature measured degrees reflects average kinetic energy molecules heat measured calories reflects total energy collection molecules includes molecular movement mass number moving molecules present lake lower temperature bird flying lake heat molecules motion high specific heat water consequence hydrogen bonding hydrogen bonds water tend restrict movement molecules order kinetic energy water molecules increase sufficiently temperature rise rupture number hydrogen bonds holding molecules heat pot water heat energy added water breaking hydrogen bonds water molecules
unaided human eye resolving power millimeter micrometers means look lines merge single line similarly dots micrometers look single blurry dot separate structures closer optical instruments microscopes light microscope resolving power micrometer nanometers improves naked eye times theoretically impossible build light microscope notice resolving power magnification things picture light microscope lines micrometer nanometers enlarge photograph indefinitely lines continue blur powerful lenses increase magnification improve resolution limiting factor wavelength light electron microscope resolving power increased times provided light microscope achieved illumination shorter wavelength consisting electron beams light rays areas specimen permit transmission electrons electron transparent regions show bright areas absorb deflect electrons electron dense regions dark electron present conditions affords resolving power roughly times greater human eye hydrogen atom diameter electrons small mass pass specimens specimens exceedingly thin consequence living matter fixed dehydrated embedded hard materials sliced special cutting instruments examined transmission electron
dividing cells pass regular sequence cell growth division known cell cycle figure completion cycle requires varying periods hours days depending type cell external factors temperature nutrients synthesis phase cell cycle period chromosomes replicated gap phases precede follow phase phase occurs mitosis precedes phase phase follows phase occurs mitosis periods intensive biochemical activity cell doubles size enzymes ribosomes mitochondria molecules organelles approximately double number phases referred interphase mitosis occupies rest cell cycle cells pass successive cell cycles organism single celled organisms cells growth centers plants animals fall category cells human bone marrow give rise red blood cells average red blood cell lives days trillion adult maintain number million red cells produced cell extreme highly specialized cells nerve cells lose capacity replicate mature group cells retains capacity divide special circumstances cells human liver ordinarily divide portion liver removed surgically remaining cells total remain continue replicate liver reaches size
discovery began clear genes carried chromosomes positioned spots loci singular locus chromosomes alleles gene occupy loci homologous chromosomes exchange sections chromosomes result genetic chaos exact exchange alleles traits studied clear percentage separations genes gray body wing percentage genes gray body leg addition morgan experiments shown percentages fixed predictable occurred brilliant young geneticists attracted morgan laboratory percentage distances genes words spacing chromosome simple concept opened mapping chromosomes postulated genes arranged linear series chromosomes genes close separated crossing frequently genes farther determining frequencies plot sequence genes chromosome relative distances figure chances strand breaking recombining homologous strand likely happening began constructing chromosome maps data studies fruit flies
question happened watson put forward dna structure history told historians historian give plausible answers questions historical analysis watson killed tennis ball reasonably sure solved structure recently addressed question watson thought linus pauling bound shot structure seen king college ray data recently stated immediately liked structure took decide finally wrong model rosalind franklin steps solution needed realise chains run opposite directions bases correct forms paired point leaving king college dna tobacco mosaic virus bernal maurice wilkins announced knew structure going full problem persistent propaganda model building effect previously lent jigs build models proposed give try doubt discovery structure delayed general argument recently proposed gunther supported sophisticated thinker
arthropods centipedes pair legs segment clearly wormlike body jointed appendages uniform size structure typically arthropods highly differentiated appendages specialized walking swimming feeling feeding chewing biting functions depending species figure arthropods hard outer covering exoskeleton chitin predators land forms protects animals drying exoskeleton jointed muscles attached parts animal move parts exoskeleton move exoskeleton covers animal completely grow consequence arthropods molt process exoskeleton discarded larger formed figure page molting arthropod secretes enzyme dissolves layer exoskeleton skeleton hardened formed beneath animal wriggles skeleton splits open emerging arthropod expands rapidly taking air water stretching exoskeleton hardens anterior section arthropod gut chitin lined extension exoskeleton serves primarily grind food smaller particles large digestive glands secrete enzymes midsection digestion takes place circulatory system arthropods open tubular heart pumps blood vessels blood sinuses cavities blood returns sinuses heart openings insects arachnids unusual respiratory system consisting chitin lined tracheae air ducts pipe air directly parts body
species plants meat eaters diets include insects invertebrates vertebrates small birds frogs unlike carnivorous animals utilize prey energy source mineral elements nitrogen phosphorus darwin noted book subject published plants found swamps bogs peat marshes acids leach soil nutrients yellow pitcher plants attract insects tubular leaves means nectar nectar rim insect finds carpet fine transparent hairs nectar trail ends insect turns exit encounters points fine hairs pointing downward blocking moves encounters slick waxed surface slides drops foul smelling broth rainwater digestive enzymes decomposing bacteria pitcher base sundew tiny plant centimeters club shaped tentacles upper surface leaf tentacles secrete clear sticky liquid attracts insects insect caught tentacle bend insect drowns air passages filled fluid tentacles secrete digestive enzymes venus flytrap leaves close insect moving surface leaf closing leaf triggered touching trigger hairs middle leaf lobe venus found nature coastal plain north south carolina edges wet depressions pools believed venus flytrap lures victims nectar recent studies ants insects despite usual diet wild consists crawling invertebrates visit leaves chance
mechanism mechanisms chemical produce varied opposite effects understood fact exposing plant tissue hormone compared putting coin vending machine morning newspaper candy bar minutes country western depends coin machine put similarly effects auxin plant hormones depend hormone target tissues surrounding chemical environment gibberellins discovered japanese scientist studying disease rice plants called foolish seedling disease diseased plants grew rapidly spindly tended fall symptoms found chemical produced fungus infected seedlings substance named closely related substances subsequently isolated fungus species plants remarkable results seen gibberellins applied plants genetic dwarfs treatment dwarfs indistinguishable normal tall plants suggests dwarf plants lack gene enzyme essential production gibberellins plants lettuce cabbage common examples grow rosettes leaves develop elongate flowering stem elongates rapidly phenomenon known bolting case cabbage bolting flowering occur period cold bolting flowering induced earlier application figure
digestive tract structures notorious troublemakers familiar appendix blind pouch centimeters length attached large intestine junction small large intestines figure function humans appendix thought evolutionary remnant herbivorous ancestors plant tissues large amounts cellulose tough polysaccharide terrestrial animals digestive enzymes completely unable digest cellulose passes bodies feces digestive tracts herbivorous animals large populations symbiotic bacteria able ferment cellulose releasing nutrients host animal fermentation takes place areas digestive tract species ruminants group includes cattle sheep goats camels giraffes occurs large pouch formed esophagus horse family rabbits bacterial fermentation occurs cecum blind sac beginning large intestine area human intestine appendix extends course human evolution appendix function performed superfluous structure remains bacteria undigested food enter material accumulates hardens appendix irritated inflamed infected ruptures contents spilled abdominal cavity fatal infection result reason appendix routinely removed course abdominal surgery performed reasons frequent type abdominal surgery adults country removal gallbladder
sixth fertilization embryo makes contact tissues uterus result chemical interactions tiny mass cells rich uterine lining outer epithelium lining breaks embryo embedded implanted nourishing tissue figure embryo penetrates tissues uterus surrounded ruptured blood vessels nutrient filled blood escaping stage embryo developing extraembryonic membranes analogous membranes surrounding chick embryo essay page outermost membrane chorion develops fingerlike projections invade uterine tissues blood vessels develop tissues connect blood vessels embryo develop ultimately placenta forms placenta spongy tissue oxygen food molecules wastes exchanged mother embryo formed maternal tissue endometrium extraembryonic membrane chorion rich blood supply placenta capillaries embryonic maternal circulatory systems intertwine directly connected molecules including food oxygen diffuse maternal bloodstream placental tissue blood vessels carry embryo similarly carbon dioxide waste products embryo picked placenta maternal bloodstream carried disposal mother lungs kidneys embryo grows larger remains attached placenta umbilical cord permits float sac amniotic fluid placenta source hormones early pregnancy produces hormone known chorionic gonadotropin figure
young charles darwin set sail england prove consequential voyage history biology darwin abandoned proposed career medicine fleeing surgical theater operation performed child reluctant candidate clergy profession deemed suitable younger son wealthy english gentleman indifferent student darwin ardent hunter horseman collector beetles mollusks shells amateur botanist geologist captain surveying ship beagle older darwin offered passage young volunteer pay naturalist darwin eagerly seized opportunity voyage lasted shaped course darwin future returned inherited fortune estate english countryside lifetime independent study radically changed view place living darwin founder modern theory evolution known order understand meaning theory look briefly intellectual climate formulated aristotle biologist believed living things arranged hierarchy hierarchy known scala ladder nature simplest creatures humble position rung occupied top organisms proper places late nineteenth century biologists believed natural hierarchy aristotle living organisms existed later biologists believed harmony teachings testament living things products divine creation
vertebrate societies arranged hierarchies type social dominance studied detail pecking order chickens pecking order established flock hens period flock hen dominates peck hen pecked returned hen peck hens flock unfortunate pecked peck return hens rank high pecking order privileges chance food trough roost nest boxes consequence recognized sight sleek appearance confident demeanor low ranking hens tend look dowdy hover timidly fringes group period pecking order established frequent bloody battles ensue rank fixed group mere raising lowering head sufficient acknowledge dominance submission hen relation proceeds harmony number members added flock entire pecking order reestablished subsequent disorganization results fighting eating tending essential business poultry dealer point view growth egg laying pecking orders reduce breeding population cocks hens low pecking order frequently socially dominant chickens final outcome social structure exist
anthropoid apes include gibbons orangutans gorillas closest living relative chimpanzees gibbons smallest apes live pairs small family groups human beings gibbons stand walk upright move trees swinging arm arm shown rarest studied large primates modern orangutan found tropical rain forests borneo sumatra males weigh kilograms pounds found male gorilla tall tall weighs times kilograms gorillas beetling brow strong heavy jaw top skulls adult males bony crest strong jaw muscles attached legs shorter proportion body arms longer span meters extremely powerful gorillas walk fours stand erect challenging enemy walk erect short distances gorillas completely abandoned trees exception smaller animals sleep nests lower branches larger gorillas sleep ground feed ground plants mature male family feeding banana plant gorillas live groups ranging individuals females males number juveniles infants gorilla troop large mature silver backed male leader reportedly placid nature threatened males give fearsome exhibitions power thrashing broken branches standing erect beating chests barking roaring hitting chin teeth rattle
consequences increase human population include problems pollution depletion fossil fuels destruction natural resources extinction species difficult problem urgent hunger starvation billion billion inadequately nourished estimated deaths occur worldwide due directly indirectly malnutrition important terms future effects physical psychological prolonged chronic hunger large proportion population effort increase agriculture development crop plants especially grains called green revolution enormous progress production wheat mexico increased metric tons million corn harvest increased modest percent yields hectare doubling present india increased production food grains percent population period increased percent significantly china populous nation agriculturally sustaining success result improved varieties crop plants combined techniques irrigation fertilization important full potential green revolution realized despite acknowledged success massive effort criticism recent reason increasing cost fertilizer grains require intensive cultivation large landowners able afford investment fertilizer farming equipment small scale farmers agricultural developments seen accelerating consolidation farm lands large holdings wealthy
analytical chemist true analyst analytical chemist characteristics knowledge methods instruments analysis understands principles analysis apply modify analytical methods solve problem frequently research chemist studies theory analytical processes develops completely methods analysis evaluate interpret results quantitative analysis analytical chemist problem solver problem clearly solved analytical chemist asking questions gathering information determines actual problem experience cleverness map scheme solving analytical chemist skilled trained chemist sharp contrast numerous technicians simply twist dials instrument follow cookbook analytical procedures information chemical analysis provide qualitative analysis presence absence elements ions molecules step screening suspicious solid sample lysergic acid diethylamide lsd examine ultraviolet light hallucinogens lsd show fluorescent discolored areas dissolved tested structural determination define entire structure drug verify structure stereochemistry part newly synthesized molecule important aspect analysis quantitative analysis book mainly concerned quantitative analysis data regarding chemical composition matter data detailed incomplete general
situations knowledge normal statistical distribution measurements errors evaluating analytical results sample size large treated population week industrial laboratory hundred samples corn syrup analyzed glucose automated analytical instrument sure instrument functioning properly sixth sample standard sample known glucose content standard sample analyzed times standard deviation standard sample calculated assumed standard deviation unknown standard samples laboratory analysis approximately thirds samples reproduced minus standard deviation unit reproduced minus standard deviation units laboratory idea degree confidence glucose analysis range difference largest smallest results sample sample arranged order increasing magnitude range symbolized range rapidly calculated measure precision mean need calculated samples recommended range samples small standard deviation average deviation poor estimates precision range estimate larger range increasingly poorer increasingly statistical theory says precision efficiency range drops approaches infinity
method precipitate determine aluminum chromium manganese titanium hydrous oxide emphasized poor determine iron metals quicker accurate analytical methods metals hydrous oxide precipitation method valuable primarily separation determination small amounts metals determination silica common gravimetric methods silica occurs extensively nature determined removed precipitation interfere analyses method based insolubility silica acidic aqueous solution freshly precipitated silica highly hydrated colloidal virtually impossible handle analytical precipitate stage dehydrate silica adding acid heating evaporate water acid acid silicates minerals require fusion decompose sample minerals alloys dissolve suitable acid limestone dissolved hydrochloric acid sample dissolves silicates converted insoluble hydrated silica dehydrate silica add perchloric acid evaporate acid white fumes converts silica granular solid unlike fine sand metal ions solution converted anhydrous metal unusually soluble water evaporation dehydrate silica beaker contents cooled water added dissolve metal reduce viscosity perchloric acid silica precipitate filtered washed dried weighed alternate procedure hydrochloric acid perchloric acid
suppose chemical reaction type equation expanded include species let assume reaction reversible reaction proceed reverse forward direction mixed reaction forms product proceeds concentrations smaller concentration product larger equilibrium reached concentrations achieved definite values change required equilibrium attained varies fraction days reactions consider reach equilibrium minutes note equilibrium dynamic condition static equilibrium reactions continue forward reverse directions concentrations solution remain constant equilibrium forward reverse reaction rates equal equilibrium point chemical reaction shifted varying concentrations reactants products concentration increased concentration decreased precipitation equilibrium point shifted farther conversely increase concentration shift farther left simply qualitative statement law mass action law mass action special case principle le states stress applied chemical system system acts counteract stress
acid base titration quick accurate means determining acidic basic substances analytical samples inorganic acids bases hundreds organic compounds sufficiently acidic basic determined acid base titration organic compounds solvent water chapter number analytical methods depend indirectly acid base titration salt potassium chloride determined converting hydrochloric acid means ion exchange column acid standard base standard solution strongly basic sodium hydroxide acids bases standard solution hydrochloric acid strongly acidic commonly end point acid base titration detected observing color change indicator ph meter electrodes follow ph occur acid base titration locate end point chapter methods preparing standardizing discussed titration curves considered order give understanding types acid base correlate equilibrium theory chapters practical acid base theory acid base indicators discussed section describing valuable analytical methods employing acid base sodium hydroxide primary standard water sodium carbonate suitable carbonate removed sodium hydroxide stock solution approximately desired concentration prepared exact molarity solution determined standardizing suitable primary standard acid
anhydrous sodium carbonate frequently standardize hydrochloric acid solutions hydrochloric acid samples carbonate sodium carbonate highly recommended equivalent weight sodium carbonate low usual methyl orange methyl red end point carbon dioxide released complicates end point detection hydrochloric acid solutions standardized compared secondary standard standard solution sodium hydroxide sodium hydroxide solution carefully standardized concentration hydrochloric acid solution determined accurately follow course acid base titration measure ph titration progresses plot titration curve ph milliliters ph percent neutralization greater part acid base titration ph gradually added equivalence point ph abruptly rate change ph ml greatest equivalence point data acid base titration curve obtained experimentally ph meter chapter experiment instrument measures ph solution difference potential electrodes dipping solution glass electrode indicator electrode potential varies according ph solution calomel electrode reference electrode potential change solutions widely varying ph difference potential electrodes measured volts linear function ph solution scale ph meter designed voltage read directly terms ph
solution potassium permanganate common acidic solution reducing substance reduce permanganate ii redox half reaction actual mechanism reduction complicated simple chemical equation equation quantitative potential calculations permanganate powerful oxidizing agent oxide substances quantitatively potassium permanganate primary standard stock solution approximately known strength prepared aqueous solution allowed stand overnight filtered heated boiling cooled filtered porous glass porcelain filter filter paper readily reduces permanganate purpose filtration remove dust lower oxides manganese catalyze decomposition permanganate properly prepared solution permanganate retains normality period poorly prepared solution decomposes standing sodium pure iron metal generally primary standard permanganate sodium dissolved acid forming oxalic acid permanganate according equation carbon atom oxidized equivalent weight sodium formula weight divided iron metal weighed accurately dissolved acid reduced iron ii permanganate complete description procedure section dealing determination iron standardizing end point detected permanent appearance permanganate magenta color iv solutions prepared sulfuric acid perchloric acid solution iv stronger oxidizing agent perchloric acid sulfuric acid
analysis section method macro amount metal deposited electrode weighed measure gain weight cathode generally working electrode metals deposited occasionally oxide deposited anode working electrode anode fairly large deposition current milliamperes employed reason electrolytic cell recalled ir emf difference potential electrodes effects excluding potential electrode reversible proportional concentration metal iron determined predicted equation applied voltage increased current course increases according ohm law ir contrast analysis working electrode polarographic analysis small area reference electrode large area connected sample solution salt bridge solution stirred material solution reducible reach working electrode diffusion consequence currents produced amount material actually reduced oxidized course analysis small fraction total material present analysis depends plotting curve called measuring weight deposit polarographic cell current produced electrolysis measured applied voltages current voltage curve plotted manually recorded automatically typical curve obtained usual dropping mercury working electrode shown figure
electrodes sensitive ions solution outstanding glass electrode potential depends activity hydrogen ions solution affected ions solution ph range electrodes highly selective response ion activity special glass electrodes selective sodium potassium silver ions liquid ion exchange membrane electrodes permit selective measurement metal ions solid electrodes measuring fluoride cations enzyme substrate electrodes measure biologically important compounds urea glucose amino acids recently developed gas sensing electrodes measure concentration gas ammonia carbon dioxide sulfur dioxide aqueous solution analytical methods measure total amount element solution methods special indicator electrodes unique permit measurement activity related concentration selected ion concentration activity ion measured total amount element solution solution ag ag ag equilibrium measurement silver metal electrode activity ag titration halide sulfide shift equilibrium give sum silver species solution analytical applications ion selective electrodes exciting ion measured seconds complex mixture means automatic continuous monitoring feasible industrial pollution control ion selective indicator electrodes open possibilities acid base discussed chapter titration halide ions chapter oxidation reduction chapter
organic compounds separated silica gel combinations aqueous organic phases inorganic substances uranium vi separated metal ions silica gel column treated aqueous nitric acid aqueous samples silica gel uranium vi selectively column methyl metal ions remain column removed washing aqueous solution granular polymers polystyrene teflon materials retain organic solvents partition special polymers high porosity aqueous solution organic phase contact bead outer surface system called reversed phase stationary mobile phases reverse systems developed earlier aqueous stationary phase silica gel organic mobile phase scientists regard normal arrangement reversed phased system widely normal disposition stationary phase small solid particle material activated alumina silica starch talc mobile phase pure organic liquid mixture organic liquids type separate organic solutes separation depends relative affinity sample solute surface stationary phase liquid competition solutes sites degree solute retained column depends type solid absorbent surface area type
according bohr model electrons rotate nucleus atom orbits radii determined principal quantum number integer increasing values represent higher energy levels energy required place negatively charged electrons orbits farther positively charged nucleus atoms electrons electrons electrons electrons occupy portions space called orbitals atom orbitals symmetrical nucleus atom orbitals shaped roughly figure spun axis oriented axes dimensional representation atom orbitals directed axes manners finally recalled electrons spin clockwise counterclockwise direction exclusion principle states maximum electrons occupy orbital spins electrons opposite directions called pairing spins according present theory chemical bonds formed overlap atomic orbitals forming molecular orbitals electrons average closer atomic nuclei atomic orbitals lower energy atomic orbital maximum electrons combination atomic orbitals form chemical bond result formation molecular bonding orbital electrons formation molecular orbital accommodate electrons present original atomic orbitals
infrared radiation measured detecting temperature change material infrared beam type detector thermal detector detector photon detector semiconductor discussed chapter examples thermal detector thermocouple cell detector thermocouple wires welded junction points junction constant temperature heated incident infrared radiation developing electrical potential relative junction electrical resistance absorbed infrared temperature increase cell operates gas thermometer gas detector increases pressure warmed absorbed infrared increase converted electrical signal radiant power infrared radiation weak response thermal detectors low preamplifier obtain signal noise ratio amplifier problem heat radiated objects room minimize source error detector housed vacuum shielded direct exposure heat infrared spectrophotometers generally employ double beam optical arrangement sample cell solvent reference cell exposed equivalent beams infrared source rotating half circle mirror direct equivalent beam alternately cells times condition affects sample beam affect reference beam po equal extent condition cancelled readout log po infrared spectrophotometers equipped recorder display complete infrared spectrum
result commercial availability modern spectrophotometers development titration titration spectrophotometer detect end point graphically species measured addition past end point plot milliliters consists straight lines intersect end point titration typical graphs shown figure titration copper ii reaction titration performed nm copper copper ii ion absorb wavelength molar higher figure plot uncorrected dilution milliliters points fall extrapolated lines end point region reaction incomplete equivalence point excess forces reaction completion point equivalence point maximum addition dilution decrease slightly dilution effect corrected multiplying dilution factor giving plot shown figure practice plot obtained correction large volume ml solution small volume ml concentrated procedure experiment ph critical titration large change ph structure mixture hydrochloric acid acetic acid maintains ph avoid error
chemical species determined presence constituents desired species separated interfering species common separation methods precipitation distillation ion exchange extraction separation separation procedure carefully studied find conditions quantitative transfer removal desired species experiment illustrates systematically varies conditions find method extracting zinc quantitatively aqueous solution gas determination experiment illustrates separation simple organic compounds internal standard technique gas course means separation instrument quantitative analysis experiments illustrate burgeoning techniques paper thin layer complex mixtures similar ionic species separated ion exchange resin experiment illustrates separation iron cobalt nickel taking advantage differences stability respective complexes experiments chapters illustrate separation methods gravimetric determinations chapter basically separation methods experiment thought separation copper typical solvent extraction metal ions ions extracted aqueous solution organic solvent conditions found ion quantitatively transferred organic phase traces ions remain aqueous phase characterizing degree transfer metal ion distribution ratio chapter defined experiment determine dc zinc ii extracted aqueous hydrochloric acid organic solvent mixture benzene phosphate note
discussing aims experiment describe ultraviolet lamp fluorescent tlc sheets review method locate separated compounds sheet observe fluorescence experiment ultraviolet hand lamp view box ultraviolet lamp commercial view box recommended dark inside darkening room unnecessary hand lamp view box lamp mercury arc ultraviolet source lamps short wave sw ultraviolet lamps wave ultraviolet lamps combination ultraviolet lamps emits short wave wave ultraviolet radiation short wave lamp emits mainly narrow line ultraviolet radiation nm phosphor coated tube wave lamp emits intense band nm radiation centered nm including intense line nm mentioned chapter plastic sheets commercially sheets mixed inorganic phosphor ultraviolet radiation phosphor emits intense visible radiation entire length tlc spots separated organic compound visible radiation termed fluorescence phosphorescence fluorescence depending phosphor organic compounds quench fluorescence phosphor spots dark shadows brilliant fluorescent background phosphor common fluorescent color tlc sheets green nm typical green phosphors pure zinc silicate calcium silicate manganese lead activator phosphors emit short wave nm ultraviolet excitation tlc sheet examined wave excitation fluorescent organic compounds
compound microscope important tools zoologist study cells cell parts organization tissues structure bone structure developing embryos important applications exercises course require compound microscope important review aspects construction care modern compound microscope illustrated figure numerous makes models compound microscopes microscope assigned differ slightly illustrated operating principles procedures similar outlined later laboratory instructor point important differences microscope illustrated microscope expensive precision instrument handled care carry microscope hands grasp arm microscope firmly hand support base hand place gently desk arm facing identify principal parts controls microscope aid figure top microscope eyepiece ocular lens inserted inclined body tube microscopes eyepiece body tube monocular microscopes equipped body tubes simultaneous viewing eyes microscopes eyepiece arm attached base attached arm movable stage holds microscope slide object viewing stage slide clips aid holding slide position stage object revolving nosepiece objective lenses stage lens system stage condenser serves concentrate light rays base
epithelial tissues cells closely spaced small amounts intercellular substance arranged thin layers sheets form covering outer surface body line internal cavities ducts form glands kinds epithelial tissue distinguished shape cells arrangement squamous epithelial tissue consists thin flattened cells arranged stratified layers line cavities mouth esophagus vagina coelom clean toothpick gently scrape inside cheek remove surface epithelial cells properly operation painless bloodless touch end toothpick center clean microscope slide roll toothpick carefully transfer epithelial cells slide add drop methylene blue solution observe preparation compound microscope draw squamous epithelial cells lining mouth space provided figure types epithelial tissues include epithelium columnar epithelium stratified epithelium examine slide epithelium kidney tubules rabbit tissue figure note height width single layer cells equal basement membrane lies base cells note prominent nucleus columnar epithelium consists single layer tall closely packed cells figure obtain slide columnar epithelium intestine frog rabbit kidney tissue identify outer brush border nucleus basement membrane columnar epithelium intestine exhibits secretory goblet cells columnar epithelial tissues lining oral cavity esophagus frog bear cilia distal outer margins
type muscle tissue cardiac muscle found walls heart vertebrate animals cardiac muscle consists striated muscle fibers branch unite anastomose fibers form continuous network muscle fibers figure cardiac muscle cross striations striated muscle fibers cardiac muscle divided cell units discs partially divide fibers type muscle smooth muscle involuntary organism cardiac muscle contracts relaxes rhythmically automatically fact heart lower vertebrates frog turtle removed body physiological salt solution continue beat hours days observe demonstration slides human vertebrate cardiac muscle observe branching network muscle fibers cross striations scattered nuclei outer sarcolemma discs nervous system vertebrate animals consists brain spinal cord nerves nervous tissue consists highly specialized cells carry impulses part body nerve cell branches processes cases feet called neuron neuron consists cell body nucleus elongated nerve processes motor neuron transmits impulses central nervous system muscles effectors short dendrites axon dendrites carry nerve impulses cell body axon carries nervous impulses cell body myelin sheath surrounds axon figure electron showing cross section neuron cat observe thick layered myelin sheath surrounding axon note small tubules cut cross section axon
observe basic components nervous system differentiated hours study parts brain mount aid figure note anterior dorsal epiphysis gland find forms cerebellum forms medulla oblongata note enlargement optic vesicles form optic cups concurrent differentiation optic cup surface ectoderm overlying optic cup thickens form lens vesicle dorsal gill find thickened ectoderm auditory vesicle figure vesicle later form entire sensory part ear ear observe heart originally tubular consisted single chamber hour chick twisted transformed chambered structure identify single atrium single ventricle present stage later atrium divides atria form chambered heart later stage development ventricle subdivided form chambered heart significance progression single hollow tube chambered heart locate mount hour chick ventral aorta arises ventricle branches form aortic arches note aortic arches pass gill arches form paired dorsal find arteries pair large arteries leading embryo carrying blood yolk sac nutrients absorbed blood prior return embryo veins locate veins trace atrium observe demonstration living chick embryo beating heart observe circulation blood
volvox related green flagellates studied models illustrate popular theory evolution multicellular organisms scientists believe multicellular organisms arose unicellular form kind unicellular organism known major evolutionary step took place million ago precambrian era preserved fossils found actually document transition cells biologists searched living plants animals seek models help understanding early evolution volvox related green algae comprise popular model discussed scientists related forms exhibit graded series solitary colonial forms increasing complexity called series figure important genera algae comprising series chlamydomonas volvox important include dinoflagellates symbiotic flagellates inhabit digestive tracts termites wood roaches peculiar flagellates related sponges important parasites humans dinoflagellates found fresh marine waters species form characteristic outer covering cellulose freshwater dinoflagellates unpleasant odor taste human water supplies marine dinoflagellates red tides coastal waters north america europe africa resulting massive fish kills flagellates live symbionts digestive tracts termites wood roaches figure experiments shown termites lack digestive enzymes digest cellulose wood eat flagellates produce enzymes release gut termites making digested products cellulose breakdown nutrition flagellates host
paramecium large common ciliated protozoan found water bacteria decaying organic matter figure species paramecium differ details structure range length laboratory directions provided based paramecium species frequently laboratory study experimentation apply minor modification body size number study species paramecium obtain drop paramecium culture clean pipette place clean microscope slide similar sized drop methyl cellulose solution similar agent slow movement methyl cellulose viscous material serves mechanically slow swimming fast moving paramecium add observe preparation low power compound microscope note form color behavior animals preparation observe slipper shaped body oral groove beginning anterior end running diagonally anterior portion animal posterior end groove cell mouth food particles passed result action specialized oral cilia lining oral groove paramecium complex structure amoeba select large immobile slowly moving specimen aid figure identify study structures cilia numerous cylindrical protoplasmic extensions cover surface paramecium function locomotion food gathering thick outer covering body cilia project complex structure details difficult observe special techniques figure shows surface depressions
tapeworms highly specialized internal parasites show important adaptations parasitic mode adult worms inhabit intestines species vertebrate animals larvae live tissues alternate host general cycles tapeworms cestodes complicated flat ribbonlike body tapeworm typically divided sections called proglottids body divided major regions anterior scolex specialized holdfast organ suckers hooks figure narrow neck budding zone posterior end proglottids produced asexually strobila rest body consisting proglottids tapeworms segmented proglottids generally believed represent true body segments formed proglottid complete reproductive unit zoologists view body tapeworm comparable colony chain individuals actually segmented obtain prepared microscope slide plastic mount scolex representative proglottids dog tapeworm figure locate study structures scolex neck strobila scolex find rostellum raised tip scolex bears rows hooks lateral suckers hooks suckers aid attachment intestinal wall host intestine note absence mouth pharynx digestive system find youngest proglottids intact tapeworm oldest study proglottids stages development note degrees elaboration reproductive systems identify immature mature ripe proglottids figure
vinegar eel tiny free living nematode occurring abundantly vinegar figure common past today commercial vinegar pasteurized preservatives added prevent growth vinegar eels undesirable flora fauna worms abundant bottom sediments vinegar fermented fruit juices vinegar eels thrive acid conditions feed yeast bacteria growing sediment combination yeast bacteria called mother vinegar examine sample culture worms observe active whiplike swimming movements relate mode locomotion learned anatomy kind muscles involved select large worms study place small drop vinegar clean microscope slide worms active study killed briefly warming slide incandescent lamp small flame specimens observed unstained slightly stained nile blue sulphate alcohol observe blunt anterior end terminal mouth pointed posterior end location anus identify straight digestive tract consisting mouth pharynx pharyngeal bulb part pharyngeal valve intestine thin walled rectum anus male specimens rectum opens cloaca turn opens anus select large female worm study reproductive system identify female genital pore ventral side body genital opening serves receiving sperm release offspring born live species
ventral heart embedded mantle tissue mass brownish greenish tissue excretory organs kidney mussel locate major parts digestive system including mouth esophagus stomach digestive gland intestine rectum anus illustrated figure digestive system enclosed visceral mass study structures enclosed visceral mass need cut ventral surface foot left halves bisected foot able locate digestive structures mentioned yellowish gonad tissue surrounds portion intestine sexes separate freshwater mussels male female gonads generally similar appearance mature females species easily identified eggs young larvae contained specialized portion gills serves brood pouch figure clams mussels shed gametes water fertilization embryonic development place result production free swimming larva freshwater mussels family peculiar highly specialized mode reproduction ripe eggs released pass chamber fertilized sperm brought water currents fertilized eggs attach gills enlarge form figure eggs develop tiny larvae figure released mussel spend portion lives external parasites species fish later parasitic larvae detach host fish move bottom free living develop mature mussels demonstration
insects exceedingly diverse group running jumping flying swimming creeping organisms fundamental organization insect body effectively illustrated grasshopper grasshoppers members order insects order roaches walking sticks locusts crickets specimens large black grasshopper provided laboratory study information generally applicable species grasshoppers figure externally body grasshopper covered chitinous exoskeleton consisting numerous hardened plates separated sutures thin membranous areas provide flexibility movements body segments appendages body wall principal layers outer cuticle underlying secretes cuticle thin noncellular basement membrane cuticle complex structure consisting layers thin outer innermost lying directly composed largely chitin nitrogenous polysaccharide consists chiefly network fibrous proteins impregnated wax study demonstration provided laboratory showing microscopic structure insect cuticle head grasshopper bears eyes antennae mouthparts figure large compound eyes occupy prominent sites opposite sides head simple eyes form inverted triangle front head compound eyes jointed antennae arising anterior compound eyes serve organs touch smell taste mouthparts grasshopper comparison kinds insects chewing type
note pair large branched pyloric digestive glands unite ray form common duct figure duct empties pyloric portion stomach pyloric portion elastic thin walled cardiac portion short esophagus mouth digest food body short narrow intestine leads pyloric portion stomach aboral surface central disc opens small aperture anus reproductive system consists pair gonads located base ray figure sexes separate difficult distinguish microscopic examination gonad contents small amount tissue gonads drop water clean microscope slide identify large eggs flagellated sperm gonad duct leads external pore aboral surface water vascular system unique feature echinoderms develops specialized part coelom principal parts external madreporite seen previously aboral surface marks entrance short stone canal figure stone canal leads circular canal mouth radial canals lead circular canal top groove leading arm short lateral canals connect radial canals pair tube feet tube foot consists attached suckerlike tube foot starfish simple nervous system circular nerve ring surrounds mouth radial nerve extends nerve ring arm simple light sensitive eyespot tip arm differentiated sense organ sensory cells scattered epidermis
study preserved specimen observe general form external features obtain prepared microscope slide stained mount study internal anatomy mature inches length smaller immature forms making microscopic mounts preserved specimen note slender elongate shape animal absence distinct head lack paired fins limbs handle specimen care dissect return intact proper container completed study refer figure identify anterior rostrum oral hood bordered fringe ciliated oral enclosing large vestibule mouth opening membrane located rear vestibule surrounding mouth tentacles cilia arranged bands walls vestibule form wheel organ generates water currents carries seawater suspended food organisms mouth mouth large pharynx diagonal gill slits side gill slits gill bars supported thin cartilaginous rod pharynx plays important role feeding respiration primary function feeding respiratory function clearly secondary posterior pharynx straight intestine ends anus slender pocket believed workers homologous vertebrate liver opens ventral side intestine junction pharynx intestine extends forward locate dorsal caudal tail ventral fins note short fin rays composed connective tissue fins
study figure locate principal female sex organs cut skin muscles pelvis line specimen pull limbs wide locate parts specimen find small bean shaped ovaries posterior end peritoneal cavity attached dorsal surface ovary small convoluted duct fallopian tube oviduct locate wide ciliated funnel called fallopian tube opening end fallopian tube abdominal trace fallopian tubes larger horns uterus connect single median body uterus uterus continued thick muscular tube vagina vagina urethra empty common chamber sinus vestibule carefully cut open sinus making incision side blunt probe locate openings urethra vagina search ventral floor sinus clitoris small rounded papilla confuse clitoris homologous penis male larger genital papilla exterior opening sinus vulva slitlike opening located immediately anus genital papilla external ventral projection vulva study demonstrations microscopic sections mammalian ovary germ cells stages development pig embryos stages study figures note relative position principal male sex organs cut sac eighth inch side line pull hindlimbs identify principal male organs
organisms levels organization populations communities ecosystems populations members species living interacting communities comprised populations living interacting area ecosystems include communities physical environment interacting organism exists organisms environment includes nearby organisms basic functional unit ecology encompassing group interacting organisms physical chemical surroundings called ecosystem ecosystem large entire lake inhabitants segment stream portion forest small jar laboratory aquatic plants small animals bacteria ecosystem includes living organisms constitute biotic community nonliving components abiotic substances biotic community composed main component groups autotrophic organisms primarily responsible fixation light energy heterotrophic organisms utilize energy fixed autotrophic organisms abiotic components ecosystem include things soil water minerals air nonliving organic inorganic materials chemical physical environment biotic components ecosystem include living organisms ecosystem plants animals microorganisms based principal activities ecosystem organisms divided major categories producers consumers decomposers producers autotrophic organisms mainly green plants manufacture food simple inorganic substances utilizing radiant energy sun consumers heterotrophic organisms animals consume organic matter formed plants animals ecosystems levels consumers
important aspects social behavior investigated crickets phylum arthropoda class insecta experiment study social interactions male crickets male female crickets adult males juvenile crickets crickets members class insecta order closely related grasshoppers review material grasshopper chapter including description sound production important aspects social behavior crickets establishment social hierarchy males dominance hierarchy established aggressive encounters competing males aggressive encounter males progressive tends follow definite pattern typically begins crickets approaching touching antennae cricket striking antennae cricket cricket retreats initial encounter later stages aggression involve kicking producing aggressive sounds grasping opponent forelimbs mouthparts ramming head aggressive encounters continue combatants retreats series encounters male crickets dominance hierarchy established periodically dominant male challenged subordinates males entering area undergo similar series encounters establish place hierarchy holding defending specific area males type behavior readily demonstrated crickets locally collected wild field crickets suitable experiments domestic house cricket domesticus sold commercially bait houses satisfactory males species aggressive field crickets male crickets isolated males forty hours prior experiments
doubt lens knew deep satisfaction lens grinder holland created half exquisite examined dried flea leg eye dead louse sharpest detail highest magnification achieved dutchman neighbors considered half mad anton van leeuwenhoek pursued foolish hobby grinding fine lenses fixing metal plates view sorts odd things neighbors known actually looked semen fared worse merely frowned eccentric outdone grinding perfect lens quickly put louse flea leg cubicles droplet rainwater point screw turned screw tip rested squarely lens perfect sphere glass fine particles composed water droplet purest water rain gauge morning turning screw slowly eye touching lens peered carefully droplet dropped instrument deceived closed eyes moment looked couldn dozens creatures tiny fit easily small water droplet literally dancing eyes philosophers wrong living creatures smaller cheese mite generally considered smallest god creations
organisms regardless relative simplicity complexity represent highly organized energy matter saw chapter differ nonliving entities ways regulating perpetuating order carry activities kinds molecules required proteins nucleic acids organism defined organized entity possessing protein nucleic acid exhibiting capacity regulate action chemical substances capacity produce entities similar small simple organism historically biologists insisted organism consist single cell limitation recently challenged viruses cells protein nucleic acid regulating perpetuating depend cells cellular organism execution activities nature viruses behave organisms situated cells cells nonliving purposes consider living members kingdom early days microbiology word virus latin virus poison describe poisonous substance tht caused disease evident porcelain filters prevent passage bacteria allow causative agent rabies pass scientists agreed invisible filter passing agents disease viruses today restrict term virus submicroscopic organisms developed active field investigation electron viruses seen powerful microscopes methods developed identification cultivation chemical analysis
class characterized ameboid movement typical amoeba figure routinely general biology classes protozoans large cell parts readily observed microscope prominent nuclei contractile vacuoles function osmotic regulation numerous food vacuoles seen specimen amoeba feeding actively captured prey seen struggling vacuoles amoeba captures small organisms flowing organism shape constantly greek change moves slowly sending numerous cytoplasmic extensions called pseudopods direction movement type radiolarians enclosed shells elaborately sculptured figure shows shell species pathogenic human beings conditions figure resembles amoebas occasional inhabitant human intestinal tract present large numbers protozoan produces disease called amebic dysentery transmitted person water contaminated human feces raw vegetables contact fecal material incidence high areas human feces fertilizer chemical physical environment intestine large numbers competing bacteria population low level produce symptoms disease host individual intestinal environment change result treatment broad spectrum antibiotic emotional stress
dna fundamental genetic material cells including cells microorganisms examine closer detail dna molecule compared ladder sugar phosphate backbones sides upright boards ladder actual ladder uprights flexible loose presence rungs interconnected bases dna molecule strands nucleotides close proximity held hydrogen bonds sugar phosphate backbone strand oriented outer edges molecule bases attached backbone strand project center molecule bases connected hydrogen bonds depending bases involved figure ensure rung dna molecule length adenine guanine paired pyrimidine cytosine thymine adenine pairing thymine cytosine pairing guanine figure matching large molecule small pyrimidine ensures sides dna molecule remain equidistant length molecule dna molecule flat ladderlike structure actually double helix visualize type structure imagining end flexible rubber ladder begin turning ends ladder clockwise suppose turning spiral helix makes complete degree turn rungs ladder end result dna molecule figure double helical model dna molecule named watson crick model watson crick proposed basis deal evidence
count accurate adequate needs investigator microbiologist needs rough approximation numbers organisms present specimen case conducting minimum concentration assay type assay varying concentrations chemotherapeutic agents antibiotics tested determine minimum concentration compound required kill specific organism physicians request test suspect antibiotic choice toxic patient concentrations desirable administer smallest amount required eliminate infectious agent ideal number microorganisms test million cells milliliter actively growing culture figure absolute amount vary extent experiment instrument originally developed counting human blood cells basic apparatus modified count bacteria counting unit consists probe small orifice end probe connected recording unit electrical potential developed orifice probe bacterial cell passes orifice volume fluid displaced displacement disturbance electrical potential activates counting device coulter counter advantages counting chamber fast highly reliable capable handling large representative sample material disadvantages expensive instrument investigator
paul ehrlich possessed goal find magic bullet shoot disease microbes worthy goal ehrlich began search earnest kill kind disease organism inside human body killing host ehrlich learned endless journal reading diseases caused protozoa known large microorganisms ehrlich decided targets magic bullet find ehrlich cluttered laboratory located frankfurt germany large manufacturing plants turned coal tar dyes ehrlich hoped dyes prove bullet tried hundreds chemicals variations dyes success painstaking messy business ehrlich determined happened read drug called molecules contained atom arsenic shown limited success induce sleeping sickness laboratory mice tricky dangerous compound effects unpredictable ehrlich chief chemist going change safe magic bullet herr ehrlich protested manufacturers say changed destroying action nonsense ehrlich roared molecule changed change invent compounds atom arsenic bullet find safe shoot
professor klein director maternity division vienna general hospital felt extraordinary patience assistant semmelweis close calling stupid obstinate endured patience nearing end tell dr klein semmelweis saying thirty deaths patients high thirty april division trained physician present midwives ten ten deaths patients semmelweis dr klein wearily obstetrician accustomed things semmelweis want midwives success doctors bottom bottom dr klein voice rose sharply childbed fever cosmic atmospheric epidemic agent rudolf virchow matter chance month figures reversed reversed lost times number patients midwives division lost concern deaths klein sputtered pointed door discharged position gather effects leave hospital immediately semmelweis responded appoint yes replace let give think cosmic atmospheric epidemic agent affect patients maternity division women try admitted hospital alternate days assigned division
lines defense human body mechanical defenses cellular defenses physiological defenses actually distinction lines defense arbitrary closely coordinated total body reaction infection involves lines defense call inflammatory response viewpoint body defenses classified specific nonspecific resistance focused specific disease agent invasion general mechanical cellular defenses nonspecific physiological defenses identify specific physiological defenses later healthy tissue serves resistance barrier microorganisms tissue cells arranged compactly cemented acid intercellular substances noted skin composed cell layers body line defense infection sweat glands sebaceous glands hair follicles located randomly skin openings structures let infectious microorganisms pores openings resistance mechanisms suppose microorganism penetrate skin entering sweat gland individual produces sweat continuously outward movement sweat tends sweep microbial cells entered ducts glands sweat body wastes noxious invading microorganisms exerts disinfecting action microbial populations contacts sweating primarily temperature regulating mechanism body chemical barrier skin infection rule skin infections result wounds physical injury skin infectious microorganisms penetrate line body defenses
let consider lymphoid cells develop gland organ plays significant role embryonic development appears limited function birth removing harm individual embryonic development cells cells develop lymphocytes migrate liver yolk sac bone marrow gland undergoes rapid development adulthood diminished size result tissue degeneration cases completely wasted apparently primary function rapid production lymphocytes embryonic development cells migrate regions body localized lymph nodes lymphocytes continue divide lymph nodes form clones colonies cells development lymph nodes accompanying proliferation lymphocytes totally dependent removed surgically birth fails develop properly individual lacks form immunity mediated lymphocytes significant role plays form immunity lymphocytes development dependent designated lymphocytes regional lymph nodes established role diminished remains location lymphocyte production removed nodes assume function lymphocytes involved cell mediated immunity describe presently line development produces cells involved humoral immunity responsible production antibody molecules initial research mode development performed chickens
conditions resident microorganisms skin penetrate cell layers entering ducts sebaceous glands sweat glands able establish sufficient numbers infection majority microorganisms skin found dead surface cells substances present types microorganisms capable growing organisms produce actual disease obtain nutrients substances released body pores skin skin dry hostile environment microbial growth surface cells constantly sloughed constant fluctuations ph temperature moisture oxygen availability environment generally unstable anaerobic forms thrive aerobic forms numerous follicles glands oxygen penetration poor microbial numbers skin vary greatly area area microorganisms especially numerous hair moisture present areas surrounding openings skin mouth anus addition waxy areas folds nose regions surrounding ears especially favorable sites growth fungi strains staphylococci produce enzymelike substance enables form clot contact blood plasma clot composed threads formed soluble plasma protein involved clotting blood plasma constituents strains staphylococci positive considered pathogenic ability coagulate plasma enables organism wall host defense mechanisms
influenza contracted exposure infectious droplets enter respiratory tract disease symptoms occur incubation period days acute condition characterized abrupt onset fever chills headache prostration majority cases disease limiting days viral infection confined surface tissues respiratory mucosa course illness antibody level high blood stream host studies shown antibodies reach high concentrations localized tissues respiratory tract virus inactivated disease symptoms begin subside influenza disease reasons highly contagious large percentage population affected course epidemic pandemic fatal bacterial young individuals suffering debilitating conditions emphysema cardiovascular disease susceptible secondary bacterial high incidence individuals antibiotics contract influenza constantly alert influenza winter months soon flu season begins cases reported epidemiologist request laboratory identify viral agents involved determine viral strain arisen mutation recombination identification carried isolating virus growing cell culture eggs cultivated virus subjected serum neutralization tests information predictions disease effects general population
member genus clostridium food produces symptoms poisoning similar staphylococcal poisoning differences thing types organisms tend infect foods staphylococcal poisoning commonly involves foods high carbohydrates highly meat products serve ideal growth medium organism symptoms staphylococcal food poisoning hours ingestion poisoning hours finally types causative organisms entirely cultural techniques confirm presence suspected type staphylococci small aerobic non spheres cells large anaerobic forming rods types food poisoning involve microorganisms victim ingest plant animal material naturally occurring poisonous substance symptoms microbial food poisonings mushrooms highly poisonous induces symptoms botulism allergic foods allergic symptoms mimic food poisoning individuals highly allergic oil present shrimp experience abdominal vomiting diarrhea hours eating shrimp symptoms hours subside allergic food poisoning mimics staphylococcal food poisoning closely unlike food poisonings food water infections depend actual ingestion causative microorganism chief distinction responsible food poisonings major causative substances food infections
decades century including physicians opposed pasteurization milk thought wasn worth trouble expense didn taste milk scorched crude pasteurization methods employed opponents pasteurization food faddists wanted natural vague prejudice guide turn century shown tuberculosis contracted milk problem largely solved united states testing cattle tuberculosis eliminating cows herds arose dairy industry large market certified milk milk cows certified free tuberculosis milk showed consistently low total plate count certified milk brought fancy price enter alice evans miss evans lower laboratory worker dairy division department agriculture washington job dully routine charge checking certified milk staphylococci decided inject staphylococci finding certified milk rabbits rabbits died convinced alice certified milk pasteurized published paper effect received attention resentment lit spark alice evans later recall precisely motivation rate began looking pathogens carried certified milk found bacillus cattle checking matter learned fairly common dairy herds certified milk obtained
bacteria diseases plants fire blight highly infective bacterial disease apples pears fruits causative agent enters susceptible host natural openings injured tissue symptoms fire blight include formation wilting young shoots distortion leaves slow growth leaf spots disease severe kill plant bacterium plants shown figure disease destructive special interest usefulness stimulating plant growth introduce gene production gene splicing techniques recombinant organism allowed infect plant form plant stimulated grow faster approach stimulating growth holds promise future viral diseases plants recognized decades fact tobacco mosaic virus viruses studied recent unique group agents termed discovered pieces naked rna capacity infect plants diseases viral diseases increasing reasons plant varieties produced mutant viruses adapt crops introduced areas latent viruses native plants infective introduced plants origin plant viruses spread extensive areas reason fungal bacterial diseases states strict regulations governing entry plants plant products viral diseases spread methods
activated sludge technique sophisticated versatile trickling filter system employed largest sewage treatment facilities activated sludge formed sewage effluent allowing microorganism principally aerobic bacteria protozoa decompose organic matter point effluent returned environment causing detrimental effects rapid rate microbial metabolism bacteria known slime forming bacteria form large masses attract bacteria protozoa mixture effluent pumped large settling tank sink bottom material returned tank starter remainder allowed flow lagoons drying ultimate disposal remaining liquid free organic matter discharged convenient body water trickling filter system activated sludge technique hasten processes occur naturally aquatic ecosystem objective release effluent free organic matter pathogenic microorganisms methods result decrease bod approaches percent goal seldom realized secondary treatment secondary treatment remove phosphate compounds allowed remain effluent compounds promote algal blooms water receives effluent tertiary sewage treatment designed ensure absolute purity end products frequently highly sophisticated expensive techniques involve biological treatment sludge effluent physical filtration chemical treatment effluent tertiary system pure serve drinking water
anatomy branch science deals structure body parts forms arrangements anatomists observe body parts grossly microscopically describe accurately detail physiology hand concerned functions body parts physiologists interested finding parts carry processes addition observational techniques anatomists physiologists likely conduct experiments complex laboratory equipment difficult separate topics anatomy physiology structures body parts closely functions parts arranged form organized unit human organism part plays role operation unit role part function depends part constructed organized arrangement parts human hand jointed fingers related function grasping objects blood vessels heart designed transport blood hollow chambers heart powerful muscular walls structured contract blood move chambers valves vessels chambers ensure blood move correct direction shape mouth related function receiving food teeth designed break solids smaller pieces muscular tongue cheeks constructed help mix food particles saliva prepare swallowing fig reading human body connection form function body parts mind
cells vary greatly size shape function describe typical cell purposes discussion convenient imagine exists composite cell parts observed kinds cells cells lack parts included imagined structure cell shown figure sections real composite cell includes known cell structures commonly cell consists major parts surrounded thin membrane portion called cell nucleus enclosed nuclear membrane mass fluid called cytoplasm surrounds nucleus encircled cytoplasmic cell membrane cytoplasm membranes separate small subdivisions include networks membranes membranes mark tiny distinct parts called cytoplasmic organelles organelles perform specific functions cell survival cell membrane outermost limit cell simple envelope surrounding cellular contents actively functioning part living material membrane extremely thin visible aid electron microscope flexible elastic typically complex surface provide extra surface area membrane quickly seals minute breaks extensively damaged cell contents escape cell dies addition maintaining wholeness cell membrane serves gateway chemicals enter leave gate acts special manner substances pass excludes
foods lipids form phospholipids cholesterol common dietary lipids triglycerides explained chapter molecules lipids consist glycerol portion fatty acids metabolism lipids controlled mainly liver remove circulating blood alter molecular structures liver shorten lengthen carbon chains fatty acid molecules introduce double bonds chains converting fatty acids form lipids provide variety physiological functions mainly supply energy fats concentrated form energy gram gram chemical energy carbohydrates proteins energy released triglyceride molecule undergo hydrolysis shown figure resulting fatty acid portions converted molecules series reactions called beta oxidation reactions fatty acid molecules broken mitochondria segments carbon atoms segments converted molecules converted compounds called bodies later changed oxidized means citric acid cycle glycerol portions triglyceride molecules enter metabolic pathways leading citric acid cycle synthesize glucose possibility glycerol fatty acid molecules resulting hydrolysis fats changed fat molecules anabolic processes stored fat tissue additional fat molecules synthesized excess molecules glucose amino acids dietary proteins digested resulting amino acids absorbed blood transported body cells
parietal bone located side skull posterior frontal bone shaped curved plate borders parietal bones form bulging sides roof cranium fused midline sagittal suture meet frontal bone coronal suture occipital bone joins parietal bones suture forms skull base cranium large opening lower surface called foramen magnum nerve fibers brain pass enter vertebral canal part spinal cord rounded process called occipital located side foramen magnum articulate vertebra vertebral column temporal bone fig side skull joins parietal bone suture temporal bones form parts sides base cranium located inferior margin opening canal external auditory leads parts ear temporal bones house internal ear structures depressions mandibular fossae fossae articulate processes mandible external auditory projections rounded process pointed process process attachment muscles neck process serves anchorage muscles tongue pharynx opening process carotid canal transmits branch carotid artery opening temporal occipital bones jugular foramen accommodates jugular vein
muscle exposed series threshold stimuli undergo series twitches frequency stimulation increased point reached muscle unable complete relaxation period stimulus series arrives contractions begin combine muscle contraction sustained combination twitches called summation twitches wave summation twitches combining strength contractions increasing due presence motor units muscle vary number size muscle fibers smaller motor units finer fibers easily stimulated tend respond earlier series stimuli larger motor units thicker fibers respond later produce forceful contractions production sustained contraction increasing strength called multiple motor unit summation resulting forceful sustained contraction lacks partial relaxation termed contraction tetany fig twitches occur occasionally human skeletal muscles eye blinks contractions limited commonly contractions sustained smooth irregular jerky mechanism operates spinal cord stimulate contractions sets motor units moments motor units contracting relaxing contractions occur frequently skeletal muscles everyday activities cases condition occurs portion muscle person lifts weight walks sustained contractions maintained arm leg muscles varying lengths contractions responses rapid series stimuli transmitted brain spinal cord motor neuron fibers
extends scapula middle humerus medial surface acts flex adduct upper arm pectoralis major thick fan shaped muscle located upper chest fibers extend center thorax armpit humerus muscle functions primarily pull upper arm forward chest rotate humerus medially adduct arm raised position major connects scapula humerus extends humerus adduct rotate upper arm medially wide triangular muscle curves upward lower side armpit extend adduct rotate humerus medially acts pull shoulder downward muscle pull arm swimming climbing rowing movements located depression spine scapula posterior surface connects scapula greater humerus acts upper arm deltoid thick triangular muscle covers shoulder joint connects clavicle scapula lateral side humerus acts upper arm deltoid posterior fibers extend humerus anterior fibers flex humerus large triangular muscle covers anterior surface scapula connects scapula humerus functions rotate upper arm medially occupies depression spine scapula posterior surface fibers muscle attach scapula humerus act rotate upper arm laterally
cold receptors sensitive temperatures temperature drops pain receptors stimulated person feels freezing sensation heat cold receptors demonstrate rapid adaptation minute stimulation sensation hot cold begins fade person experiences form sensory adaptation entering tub hot water wading cold lake stream temperature sensation unpleasant moments temperature receptors adapt partially person feels comfortable pain receptors consist free nerve fiber endings widely distributed skin internal tissues nerve tissue brain lacks pain receptors pain receptors protective function stimulated tissues damaged resulting sensation perceived unpleasant serves signal remove source irritation pain receptors receptors summarized chart pain receptors adapt receptor activated single stimulus continue send impulses central nervous system pain receptors stimulated variety factors including temperature mechanical electrical sensitive chemical stimulation exact tissue damage excites pain receptors unknown thought injuries promote release chemicals hydrogen ions potassium ions polypeptides breakdown proteins histamine acetylcholine sufficient quantities chemicals stimulate pain receptors
shape eye normal light waves focused sharply retina motion picture image focused screen viewing unlike motion picture image formed retina upside reversed left fig visual cortex interprets image corrects things seen proper positions light waves coming objects feet traveling nearly parallel lines focused retina cornea lens flattened rest condition light waves arriving objects feet reach eye divergent lines fact closer object divergent lines divergent light waves tend focus retina increase refracting power eye increase accomplished accommodation results thickening lens lens thickens light waves converged strongly diverging light waves coming close objects focused retina unfortunately elastic quality lens capsule tends lessen age persons forty age unable accommodate sufficiently read fine print books newspapers eyes remain focused distant vision condition termed farsightedness age corrected eyeglasses contact lenses eye loss refracting power persons suffer problems result eyeballs short sharp focusing eye short light waves focused sharply retina point focus lies distance
digestive glands secrete hormones generally linings stomach small intestine structures secretions chapter deals digestive system survival depends maintenance homeostasis factors body internal environment potentially threatening dangers sensed nerve impulses directed hypothalamus physiological responses triggered tend resist loss homeostasis responses include increased activity sympathetic division autonomic nervous system increased secretion adrenal hormones factor capable stimulating response called stressor produces body called stress factors produce stress extreme forms stimuli physical psychological combination physical stress caused exposure stressors harmful potentially harmful tissues include extreme heat cold decreased oxygen concentration infections injuries prolonged heavy exercise loud sounds physical stress accompanied unpleasant painful sensations psychological stress results thoughts real imagined dangers personal losses situations social interactions lack social interactions factors threaten person feelings anger fear grief anxiety depression guilt involved type stress factors produce psychological stress vary greatly person person situation stressful affect stressful regardless physiological responses stress directed maintaining homeostasis involve set reactions called general stress syndrome largely controlled hypothalamus
air pressure exerted surfaces contact air persons breathe air inside surfaces lungs subjected pressure words pressures inside lungs thoracic wall fig pressure inside lungs decreases air pushed airways atmospheric pressure happens inspiration muscle fibers dome shaped diaphragm stimulated contract impulses carried nerves happens diaphragm moves downward size thoracic cavity enlarged pressure cavity pressure reduced air forced airways atmospheric pressure lungs expand diaphragm contracting moving downward external intercostal muscles anterior internal intercostal muscles ribs stimulated contract action raises ribs sternum size thoracic cavity increases pressure inside reduced fig expansion lungs aided fact parietal pleura wall thoracic cavity visceral pleura attached surface lungs separated thin film serous fluid water molecules fluid attraction resulting surface tension holds moist surfaces pleural membranes tightly thoracic wall moved upward outward action intercostal muscles parietal pleura moved visceral pleura follows helps expand lungs directions
person type blood person type blood type ab blood type blood humans blood types ab plasma accompany red cell membranes person blood specifically absent called present absent called present persons type blood plasma blood type ab blood type blood fig chart summarizes blood group kind react kind red blood cells clump combinations avoided actually major concern blood transfusion procedures cells blood recipient plasma reason person type blood blood type ab red cells types recipient type blood likewise person type blood type ab blood person type blood type ab blood fig type ab blood lacks ab person receive transfusion blood type
primary function heart pump blood body cells needs cells change quantity blood pumped change strenuous exercise amount blood required skeletal muscles increases greatly rate heartbeat increases response need node controls heart rate rate involve factors affect pacemaker include motor impulses parasympathetic sympathetic nerve fibers parasympathetic fibers supply heart arise neurons medulla oblongata parts vagus nerves fibers branch node node nerve impulses reach endings fibers secrete acetylcholine decrease nodal activity result rate heartbeat decreases vagus nerves carry impulses continually nodes impulses impose braking action heart parasympathetic activity heart rate change direction increase impulses slowing heart decrease impulses releases parasympathetic brake heartbeat increase sympathetic fibers reach heart means accelerator nerves branches join nodes areas ventricular fig endings fibers secrete norepinephrine response nerve impulses substance increase rate force myocardial contractions normal balance effects parasympathetic fibers effects sympathetic fibers maintained cardiac center medulla oblongata
embryonic stage development extends week eighth week characterized formation placenta development main internal organs appearance major external body structures early stage cells cell mass organized flattened embryonic disk consists distinct layers outer ectoderm endoderm fig short later layer cells mesoderm forms ectoderm endoderm layers cells called primary germ layers responsible forming body organs specifically cells give rise nervous system portions special sensory organs epidermis hair nails glands skin linings mouth anal canal cells form types muscle tissue bone tissue bone marrow blood blood vessels lymphatic vessels connective tissues internal reproductive organs kidneys epithelial linings body cavities endodermal cells produce epithelial linings digestive tract respiratory tract urinary bladder urethra fourth week development fig flat embryonic disk transformed cylindrical structure attached developing placenta connecting stalk body stalk head jaws appearing heart beating forcing blood blood vessels tiny buds give rise arms legs forming seventh weeks shown figure head grows rapidly rounded erect face developing eyes nose mouth humanlike arms legs elongate fingers toes end seventh week main internal organs established structures enlarge affect shape body fig
postnatal period development lasts birth death divided period infancy childhood adolescence adulthood period extends birth end weeks begins abruptly birth fig physiological adjustments quickly newborn suddenly things mother body newborn carry respiration obtain nutrients digest nutrients excrete wastes regulate body temperature need obtain oxygen excrete carbon dioxide breath critical breath forceful newborn lungs collapsed airways small offer considerable resistance air movement surface tension tends hold moist membranes lungs fortunately lungs full term fetus secrete chapter reduces surface tension powerful breath begins expand lungs breathing easier clear breath stimulated factors involved include increasing level carbon dioxide decreasing ph low oxygen concentration drop body temperature mechanical stimulation occurs birth process fig prior birth fetus depends primarily glucose fatty acids obtained mother blood energy sources newborn hand suddenly external source nutrients mother milk produced days newborn high rate metabolism liver fully mature unable supply glucose support metabolic needs
prophase continues homologous chromosomes approach lie side side tightly intertwined process pairing shown figure called chromatids homologous chromosomes contact points fact chromatids break places exchange parts forming chromatids combinations genetic information chromosome homologous pair maternal origin paternal origin exchange parts homologous chromatids results chromatids genetic information maternal paternal sources process exchanging genetic information called crossing metaphase shown figure synaptic pairs chromosomes lined midway poles developing spindle pair consisting chromosomes chromatids spindle fiber mitosis hold chromatids chromosome pair divide chromatids free move opposite ends spindle meiosis divide fig result homologous chromosomes separated chromatids chromosome move end spindle daughter cell receives member homologous pair chromosomes chromosome number reduced half meiotic similar mitotic parent cell divides daughter cells fig phase nuclear membranes chromosome sets reappear spindle fibers fade meiotic short interphase beginning meiotic division division essentially mitosis divided prophase metaphase
body familiar plant understood terms history terms evolutionary pressures involved transition land requirements photosynthetic organism simple light water carbon dioxide photosynthesis oxygen respiration minerals inorganic ions land light abundant oxygen carbon dioxide circulate freely water soil generally rich inorganic ions critical factor water land animals generally speaking mobile able seek water seek food fungi immobile remain largely surface soil damp organic material feed plants utilize alternative evolutionary strategy roots anchor plant ground collect water required maintenance plant body photosynthesis continuous stream water moves root hairs roots stems leaves ground portions plant ultimately concerned photosynthesis covered waxy cuticle retards water loss cuticle prevents exchange gases plant surrounding air solution dilemma found specialized openings called stomata singular stoma open close response environmental physiological signals helping plant maintain balance water losses oxygen carbon dioxide requirements younger plants span annuals stem photosynthetic organ longer lived plants perennials stem thickened woody covered cork retards water loss
mitochondria chloroplasts share number unusual properties bounded double membrane complex internal membrane structure capacity growth division independent rest cell discussed chapters involved production atp molecule chemical energy cells similar ways addition striking similarities found recent mitochondria chloroplasts characteristic forms dna rna ribosomes organelles demonstrated dna present form closed circle bacteria genetic role dna investigated laboratories isolated chloroplasts capacity synthesize rna discussed chapter carried direction chromosomal dna ability form chloroplasts pigments largely controlled chromosomal dna interacting poorly understood fashion chloroplast dna chloroplasts formed absence chloroplast dna chloroplast ribosomes resemble bacterial ribosomes ways ribosomes prokaryotes chloroplasts thirds large ribosomes found cytoplasm endoplasmic reticulum eukaryotic cell synthesis protein ribosomes mitochondria chloroplasts bacteria inhibited antibiotic substance effect ribosomes eukaryotic cells basis accumulating evidence probable mitochondria chloroplasts originated free living prokaryotes found shelter larger heterotrophic cells larger cells forerunners eukaryotes smaller cells contained mechanisms trap convert energy surroundings donated capacities larger cells
substances required cells polar nature require carrier molecules transport proteins embedded membrane ferry figure basically categories carrier assisted transport proposed facilitated diffusion active transport facilitated diffusion driven concentration gradient moves molecules area higher concentration lower concentration simple diffusion facilitated diffusion capable moving solutes concentrated gradient ability move solutes concentration gradient requires energy process called active transport carrier assisted transport facilitated diffusion active transport highly selective transport protein accept molecule exclude nearly identical carrier molecule permanently altered process respect carrier molecules enzymes emphasize aspect function transport proteins named permeases unlike enzymes fact necessarily produce chemical change molecules temporarily bound glucose molecule entry cells takes place facilitated diffusion lines evidence support conclusion glucose rapidly broken enters cell steep concentration gradient maintained plasma membrane large numbers glucose molecules present cell rate entry cell increase glucose moving simple diffusion reaches peak levels limitation rate entry attributed limited number carriers molecules shaped glucose compete glucose transport membrane exact carrier molecule glucose isolated identified generally agreed exists
meiosis occurs specialized diploid cells times cycle organism meiosis haploid nuclei produced cytokinesis single diploid cell rise haploid cells gametes spores gamete cell combines gamete produce diploid zygote zygote divide produce unicellular haploid organisms form multicellular diploid organism multicellular diploid organism eventually produces haploid spores gametes meiosis spore cell develop organism uniting cell spores divide producing organisms entirely haploid eventually give rise gametes mitosis figure page meiosis consists successive nuclear divisions referring figure page help track processes prophase prophase meiotic division chromosomes present diploid number visible slender threads mitosis page chromosomes duplicated interphase beginning prophase chromosome actually consists identical chromatids attached centromere early stage meiosis chromosome appears single double chromatids apparent homologous chromosomes pair pairing precise beginning sites lengths chromosomes proceeding fashion portions homologous chromosomes lie derived parent identical chromatids homologous pair consists chromatids pairing meiosis occur haploid cells homologues present
asexual reproduction known vegetative reproduction results progeny identical single parent plants wide variety means asexual reproduction ranging development unfertilized egg cell division parent organism equal parts cases plants product mitosis genetically identical parent higher plants reproduce sexually asexually hedging evolutionary bets figure species reproduce asexually clear ancestors capable sexual reproduction vegetative reproduction represents alternative choice response evolutionary pressures calling extreme uniformity choice rigidly adhered severely restricts ability population adapt varying conditions asexually reproducing populations species occur wide variety habitats physically biologically complex individual kinds plants discontinuous distributions habitats certainly discontinuous lakes streams tops mountains shaded spots woods kind soil observation movement genes isolated populations limited populations correspondingly free respond selective demands local situations ways normal gene flow movement genes population consequence migration individuals provide source variability distant population completely counteract effects local selection distances isolate populations effectively vary plants question small
heterotrophic bacteria break organic material incorporated bodies living organisms disease causing pathogenic bacteria belong group number forms bacteria effect hosts actually prove beneficial bacterial inhabitants human intestinal tract eliminated happen prolonged antibiotic therapy tissues vulnerable disease causing bacteria fungi discussed chapter relationship symbiotic bacteria genus legumes inhabit mutual benefit general microbes disease interfere essential physiological processes organisms invade effects severe disease considered death host organism results prematurely relationship favorable parasite find host individual human diseases caused airborne bacteria known bacterial pneumonia caused whooping cough diphtheria caused organism produces powerful toxic substance circulates rapidly body damage heart muscle nervous tissue kidneys diphtheria rare children immunized infancy diseases caused airborne bacteria genus streptococcus scarlet fever rheumatic fever infections tuberculosis caused tuberculosis leading death humans despite improved methods detection number reported cases united states decreased
genus unbranched green algae known spirogyra figure found frothy slimy floating masses small bodies water filament surrounded watery sheath slimy touch spirogyra lacks spirogyra refers helical arrangement ribbonlike chloroplasts found cell chloroplasts numerous pyrenoids type asexual reproduction occurs spirogyra fragmentation motile cells stage cycle morphologically sexual reproduction spirogyra termed sexual reproduction isogametes behaves male gamete migrating conjugation tube fuse meiosis large group freshwater green algae related spirogyra genus lack flagellate cells multicellular unicellular peculiar cell construction cell wall sections narrow constriction isthmus figure estimates place number species high cell division spirogyra persistent spindle groups green algae considered resemble plants fully details cell division nuclear envelope disintegrates start mitosis addition plants group direct ancestor plants specialized respects existence green algae features similar plants suggest ancestors plants part large diverse group advanced green algae members survived
class consists species genera familiar distributed worldwide generally occurs moist shaded habitats gametophyte resembles liverworts figure cell single large chloroplast algae small found cells bryophytes vascular plants chloroplast making resemblance algae striking gametophytes strong orientation centimeters diameter addition extensive internal cavities filled air gametophytes liverworts filled cavities inhabited cyanobacteria genus supply nitrogen nitrogen fixation host plants species bisexual antheridia archegonia sunken dorsal surface gametophyte numerous develop gametophyte figure sporophyte consists foot cylindrical sporangium figure early development meristem zone actively dividing cells develops foot sporangium meristem active conditions favorable growth result sporophyte continues elongate prolonged period sporangium begins tip spreads base spores mature sporangium splits longitudinally ribbonlike halves figure sporophyte layers photosynthetic cells surface covered cuticle stomata groups plants members commonly called mosses reindeer mosses lichens club mosses spanish moss vascular plants sea moss irish moss algae genuine mosses members class consists true mosses peat mosses granite mosses
amount carbon dioxide involved photosynthesis annual basis billion metric tons amount returned carbon dioxide result oxidation living materials differing part slight imbalance caused burying organisms sediment mud conditions oxygen excluded decay partial accumulation partially decayed material known peat peat eventually covered sedimentary rock pressure depending temperature factors peat compressed soft hard coal petroleum natural gas called fossil fuels periods earth history rate fossil fuel formation greater times period carboniferous million ago figure lands low covered shallow seas swamps temperate regions europe north america conditions favorable round growth tropical subtropical equator arcing appalachians northern europe ukraine groups plants dominated swamplands seedless vascular plants types seed plants seed ferns prominence coal age flora seed ferns considered discussion chapter seed plants thirds age coal late carboniferous period pennsylvanian dominated lycopod trees grew heights meters sparsely branched plant attained half total height trunk branched
angiosperms evolved semiarid uplands dry interior basins west supercontinent included south america africa continents finally separated million ago climates changed considerably angiosperms nearing dominance reasons success include adaptations drought resistance evolution efficient highly specialized pollination systems flower conspicuous feature angiosperms played significant role evolution leaflike structure undergone enclose ovules subsequent differentiation basal swollen ovary style stigma receptive pollen similarly stamen evolved leaflike precursors slender branching systems terminal sporangia specialized slender structure characteristic living angiosperms sepals specialized leaves protect flower bud petals angiosperms sterilized stamens assumed function attracting insects petals derived sepals spiral arrangement flower parts primitive angiosperms coupled possession numerous free parts arrangement modern forms definite number parts fused whorls flower examples specialized families numerous highly specialized flowers aggregated head functions attractive unit insects orchids bizarre elaboration flower parts resulted highly irregular flower specialized pollination systems known pollination insects basic angiosperms agents beetles similar insects
tip root covered root cap figures mass cells protects apical meristem aids root penetration soil root grows longer root cap pushed forward cells periphery root cap sloughed sloughed cells form slimy covering root lubricate passage soil quickly root cap cells sloughed added apical meristem longevity initiation root cap cells ranges days depending length cap species slimy substance root cap highly hydrated polysaccharide substance secreted outer root cap cells slimy substance accumulates golgi vesicles fuse plasma membrane release slime wall eventually slime passes forms droplets addition protecting apical meristem aiding root penetration soil root cap plays important role controlling response root gravity geotropism chapter root cap striking structural feature root apex arrangement longitudinal files cells emanate apical meristem apical meristem composed small micrometers diameter sided cells initials derivatives chapter dense cytoplasm large nuclei figures organization number initials apical meristems roots variable main types apical organization found roots seed plants
principal ingredients photochemical smog nitrogen dioxide produced combustion process occurs air dry air percent nitrogen present automobile exhausts influence light split atomic oxygen extremely reactive forms ozone reaction normal molecular oxygen similar reactions powered ultraviolet light occur outer layers atmosphere producing ozone shield page ozone produced electric spark source clean smell lightning storm ozone highly toxic substance plants damages thin walled palisade cells apparently affecting permeability membranes cells chloroplasts component photochemical smog pan nitrate times toxic ozone present lower concentrations photosynthesis reduced percent photochemical smog concentration part million present concern adverse effects acid rain environment normal conditions rain arising area ph burning fossil fuels smelting sulfide ores large quantities sulfur oxides nitrogen oxides emitted atmosphere react water form strong acids sulfuric acid nitric acid rain snow formed areas ph definition acidic phenomenon acid precipitation widespread today occurs large areas western europe eastern united states southeastern canada yearly average ph precipitation ranges rain individual storms acid
light reaches forest floor herbaceous plants occur grow clearings plants tropical rain forest trees larger found temperate forests reaching meters height trees diverse seldom fewer species hectare sharp contrast temperate forests rarely species hectare trees tropical rain forest remarkably homogeneous appearance generally branch crown roots shallow buttresses base trunk provide firm broad anchorage leaves medium sized leathery dark green bark thin smooth flowers generally inconspicuous greenish whitish color forests form layers foliage lower layers consisting seedlings taller species lower growing species major areas tropical rain forest developed largest amazon basin south america extensions coastal brazil central america eastern mexico islands west indies africa large area rain forest basin zaire extension west coast liberia area rain forest extends ceylon eastern india thailand phillippines large islands malaysia narrow strip northeast coast queensland australia figure tropical rain forest forms half forested area earth process systematically destroyed human activities
northern coniferous forest forest characterized severe winters persistent cover snow climates produce biomes develop interior large continental masses latitudes virtually absent southern hemisphere figure owing influence prevailing westerlies north latitude western portions north america eurasia characterized milder climates eastern portions taiga found farther north pacific coast atlantic coast figure northern limits taiga ultimately limited rigorous arctic conditions taiga precipitation falls summer cold winter air regions low moisture content rate evaporation low lakes bogs marshes common figure taiga russian word vegetation sort found biome extends vast areas soviet union north america figure taiga biome flanked south deciduous forest grassland depending precipitation similar plant communities extend southward mountains figure page number genera coniferous trees common spruce hemlock fir warm dry areas pine pinus lesser representation willows birches moist places perennial herbs common shrubs annual plants virtually absent northern limits taiga grades unevenly tundra biomes abundant supply light short growing season cultivated plants grow rapidly attaining large size short period
chemical reactions involve breaking bonds formation bonds according present concepts atoms molecules react collide sufficient force overcome initial forces repulsion force required varies nature atoms molecules stable initial forceful collision reaction occur group atoms likely proportion moving sufficient energy reaction occur proportion small reaction practical purposes place reaction rates increased increasing likelihood forceful collisions raise temperature increasing average velocity atoms molecules move increasing likelihood colliding sufficient force case methane natural gas spark needed reaction begins liberates heat transferred molecules moving rapidly react simultaneously explosive force driving reaction heat method commonly chemical laboratories industry increase rate reaction increase number reacting molecules chemists working research laboratories industry pure chemicals high concentrations means chemical reactions interest speeded easier control increase reaction rate catalysts catalysts lower energy activation reaction minimum energy collision reaction initiated figure
writings remarks sir thomas crevecoeur bit wu span half centuries common theme runs idea america land opportunity opportunity mean reread words crevecoeur bit wu instance quickly differences interest peace plenty freedom place broken women start land boss saw america country nearly hundred seen opportunities america goethe german poet summed du hast america forty million led belief leave native lands america share goethe view americans today clear shared opportunity equally minorities poor true millions including members racial religious minorities found america chance wanted found opportunities lives idea america land opportunity continues strong hold minds today country born group college freshmen asked rank traits thought clearly american majority opportunity top lists
captain john smith history virginia gave advice wished plant colonies america changed wording slightly rely renting dividing selling lands profit impose ordinary settlers requiring pay produce common storehouse heavy tax sake profit give land farm freely limitation paying half produce terms end let twenty thirty forty hundred acres acre cultivated heirs forever colony servant live master england land lies unused america mad start buying renting paying smith understood labor ordinary colony succeed understood promise free land bring america wisdom smith clear today oddly later colonial promoters follow lead goals ideas succeed wanted land rule king worked end return john smith blueprint success founding maryland case point
gradually ratio women improved revolution women nearly half population partly shortage women colonies position england equal rights women vote wife legal rights children law gave husbands absolute power wives women married property owned passed husbands wealthy virginian named daniel died leaving large fortune widow martha large sum daughter patsy martha married young named george washington later control martha fortune passed gained custody money left martha daughter died shortly martha married george george washington comfortable wealthiest america women property rights protected america england custom husband sell give wife property consent single women widows property kinds sue sued colonial courts run businesses husbands higher status wives means considered servants husband told wife wife servant reported neighbors fined forty shillings event everyday occurrence today standards minor advance women important step forward number women owned ran farms business
enslave poorer strip means knowledge strong words simple tax measure john adams colonists beginning actions tax parliament direct tax colonies english subjects supposed taxed consent representatives happen conquered peoples free english subjects tax imposed parliament represented start attempt rights englishmen broke law tried special kind court jury violation rights englishmen americans beginning suspect plot conspiracy rob liberty suspicion evident pamphlets newspapers published america british rulers pictured bent conspiracy aim deprive americans property rights free turn slaves center scheme conspiracy theory king ministers power hungry wished destroy liberty britain america planned increase number british officials america colonists governing matters increasingly governed british officials salaries officials paid taxing colonists slowly americans property enslaved
punish americans parliament passed number acts called intolerable acts whigs boston port act shut port bostonians paid tea destroyed massachusetts government act act took colony rights government british military general thomas gage governor colony massachusetts acts passed angered colonists quartering act allowed royal governors board troops occupied buildings act colonists required put soldiers homes quebec act law turned area north ohio river newly formed british province quebec law deprived colonies land claims west colonists america acts shock regarded proof conspiracy colonists liberties exist acts place colonies military rule punished entire colony massachusetts acts small number measures americans asked acts tyranny deprive citizens massachusetts rights englishmen colonists answer intolerable acts call delegates colonies meet philadelphia september meeting continental congress delegates resisting britain massachusetts adamses samuel john pennsylvania joseph galloway john dickinson
night september hale captured british soldiers drawings found hidden shoes sentenced die morning faced death hanging allowed speak tradition hale rope neck uttered stirring words regret lose country devotion nathan hale american shared benedict arnold native connecticut war arnold involved trade managed book drugstore war began quickly exceptional military leader fall led march maine wilderness canada swirling snowstorm late december attacked walled city quebec attack failed arnold courage daring recognized promoted brigadier general added reputation fiery leader campaign lake champlain battle saratoga badly wounded saratoga congress recognized worth promoted major general arnold felt credit due victory saratoga stories spread leaned loyalists part married daughter pennsylvania officials accused overstepping authority brooding matters arnold decided cast lot british command west point worked plan surrender important fort enemy plot exposed arnold fled british british brigadier general arnold led forces burned richmond virginia london connecticut
united states america decade nation states joined common war independence soon putting tariffs import taxes goods york hampshire fought vermont lands wanted separate john adams spoke united states house thirteen clocks set strike reason thirteen clocks began striking constitution leadership george washington person america washington trust war character conduct won loyalty peace put country ahead interest reason delegates philadelphia willing give large powers office president counted washington job constitution effect washington choice elector president reelection equally sided congress president assembled york nation temporary capital spring realized fill constitution government aware actions set precedent pattern future members congress agonized address president vice president john adams suggested called highness president united states america protector liberties thought excellency
thomas jefferson took office opened era republican control government party democratic republican generally shortened simply republican federalists win presidency belief rule upper class merchants large landowners tune growing democratic spirit country federalists fade scene completely republicans appealed small farmers skilled workers plantation owners command twenty office jefferson succeeded friend james madison madison served terms james monroe virginia presidencies called virginia dynasty jefferson called election revolution exaggeration course point number jefferson republicans brought hamilton called national debt national blessing meant bind wealthy owed success government jefferson secretary treasury albert gallatin believed debt burden blessing plans pay sixteen favored lowering taxes chief ways reduce debt cut government costs jefferson reduced number government workers cut size army navy number judgeships despite unexpected cost buying louisiana territory jefferson able reduce debt nearly white house
americans insult flag straw demanded war jefferson knew unwise navy fight decided economic pressure urging congress approved embargo act law forbade exports american foreign ships american ship permitted leave foreign port cargo jefferson reasoned american ships high seas britain france seize british impress american sailors important denying american goods warring countries jefferson hoped force change policies boycotts worked britain revolution jefferson hoped economic pressure embargo act hurt united states hurt france britain ships lay idle goods rotted docks crops remained unsold exports fell sailors jobs depended trade thrown merchants lost trade seizure ships profitable western farmers felt embargo effect loss european markets caused prices crops drop measure america days british rule resisted embargo act federalists declared constitution gave congress power regulate trade stop eyes embargo unconstitutional ship owners captains tried law jefferson harsh measures enforce militia prevent smuggling goods canadian border government hired officials police ports
rivalry sections seen clearly presidential contest federalists longer national party republican party remained republicans ran presidency representing outlook section northerners supported john quincy adams monroe secretary son president william crawford georgia secretary treasury madison monroe spoke south rising west congressman henry clay kentucky senator andrew jackson tennessee jackson popular west views knew born cabin south carolina backcountry jackson age twenty practicing law soon afterward making money buying selling land western tennessee jackson led army creek indians hero battle orleans page jackson believed plain judged achievements family background westerners saw shared beliefs individualism equality democracy jackson qualities brought support sections country candidates henry clay put program appeal section clay called american system based vision growing sufficient america section interests tied plan protective tariff help manufacturing develop northeast northern workers prosperous western farmers southern planters need depend foreign markets northeast dependable home market western foodstuffs southern cotton
development mid rise corporation form business organization common types business organization single ownership partnership reasons corporation increasingly popular business raise large amounts money selling stock certificates ownership corporation corporation received charter gave lasting business interrupted death owner death withdrawal partner finally person invested corporation limited liability corporation failed stockholder lose amount money invested partnership partners personally accountable debts advantages corporation wide form business organization number corporations manufacturing doubled industry boomed mid nineteenth century railroad industry railroad companies pushed lines atlantic coast deep interior erie longest railroad miles km track linked hudson river north york city lake erie baltimore ohio connected baltimore wheeling west virginia york central formed small lines tying albany buffalo pennsylvania railroad ran line appalachian mountains philadelphia pittsburgh nation miles km track linked northeast northwest
reason united states anxious settle oregon dispute peacefully country rapidly moving war mexico angered annexation texas mexico broke relations united states countries disagreed location texas southern border mexico claimed nueces river united states held rio grande mouth miles km farther south gulf mexico issue reason war americans mexicans lived disputed area plenty solution moment president polk determined acquire piece territory owned mexico territory california lying pacific coast south oregon country american interest california built slowly contacts england whalers merchants early nineteenth century california belonged spain spain established string missions order teach indians agriculture convert christianity spanish ranchers traded hides tallow goods brought american merchants trade continued control california passed mexico region sparsely settled thousand whites mexicans addition larger indian population americans settled california urged join encouraged appearance john fremont report explorations california fremont army officer number exploring west
abraham lincoln subject writing american titles dealing number growing certainly reason fascination lincoln presided nation greatest danger based human qualities compassion forgiveness important reason lincoln perfect expression major american ideal americans abraham lincoln abiding humblest beginnings rise highest office land sixteenth president united states advantages abraham child thomas nancy hanks lincoln born room log cabin miles km south hodgenville hardin county kentucky mother kind deeply religious woman illiterate father barely write abraham lincoln raised poverty lincoln father thomas unfairly lazy shiftless actually hardworking pieced living carpentry odd jobs farming unfortunately poor judge farmland poor crops farm hodgenville thomas lincoln sold bought land knob creek miles km abraham acres ha lincoln bought acres ha farmed part spring floods washed crop hard lincoln family moved indiana territory
eleven serving clara barton returned school soon depressed wrote diary contribute happiness single object unhappiness happy earlier clara barton realize mental health depended satisfying passion service experience periods depression breakdowns feeling taught school jersey jersey parents pay send children school clara barton persuaded school board nearby let open free school school grown serve hundred pupils soon school board decided large school needed principal board believed job clara passed resigned clara barton teaching career job clerk united states patent office washington woman hold regular appointment federal civil service met sex discrimination president franklin pierce secretary interior robert approved women working office supported patent commissioner clara job change administration cost job regained position backing senators massachusetts
civil war reconstruction period mark divide history united states founding tiny settlement jamestown arisen foundation nation greatness laid distinctive american values evolved values beliefs opportunity progress liberty limited government greatest crisis nation undergo important settlement west slowed civil war proceed breathtaking pace dazzled prospects wealth vast area gained france mexico americans devour west progress exploit resources thought future ruthlessly smash indian civilization stood united states rapidly change farming nation industrial industrial revolution america begun development small factories england pages gradually spread northeast west thirty start civil war united states mainly farming country industrial development poised takeoff point part nineteenth century united states witness rapid industrial expansion history equating material abundance progress americans stun huge production goods factories mines end nineteenth century united states rank industrial leader maintain position
mid eighteenth century population britain north american colonies varied twenty percent population african white population lands england peoples brought language customs values beliefs culture surprisingly hoped continue familiar ways homeland mid stamp england fixed north america english language government thirds settlers lived laws england local governments modeled england government english ideas society prevailed colonies important english ideas cluster beliefs traditions institutions rights individuals government included property represented government laws lived protected unfair unreasonable treatment government individuals arrested imprisoned charged offense entitled speedy trial jury english women settled america stayed england regarded rights englishmen birthright guarded jealously addition ideas individual government group english ideas institutions concerned individual society institution established church official religion inhabitants regardless religious beliefs supported taxes division society ranks classes ranks determined birth wealth
indians pushed americans sweeping plains recognize region cattle ranchers cattle brought western hemisphere spanish early sixteenth century roaming freely northern mexico texas multiplied middle nineteenth century numbered million texas americans settled texas large scale ranchers overnight rounding branding thousands head cattle market beef cities east texas longhorn brought texas sell east brought possibility civil war railroad pushed westward missouri kansas ranchers cattle railroad lines texas cattle raisers organized drive plan drive cattle northward thousand miles km nearest railhead sedalia missouri grazing route cattle drive leading wooded areas settled farmlands indian reservations chosen cattle started trip died lost stolen reached sedalia brought head route wrong idea drive step getting texas beef eastern markets route farther west chosen leading unsettled plains abilene kansas seventy thousand cattle driven abilene shipped east large profits
facts provide full picture worker lot note wages averaging week changed forty nineteenth century note prices dropped percent purchasing power workers increase dollar wages usual members family bring income living frugally putting bit week earnings unskilled semiskilled working families able buy modest homes property owners common workers small advances occupational ladder recent studies possibly white male workers moved blue collar white collar jobs single decade moved unskilled semiskilled jobs worker didn move son son unskilled laborer factory worker grandson rose machinist worker financial living conditions improved bettered factor workers skills replaced machines feeling important end factory worker say pride result skill effort machinist thirty experience sadly observed boy fresh farm days manage machine
babe ruth greatest america sports heroes popular figure america popular game known america golden age sports dominated sportswriters outdid nicknames worthy feats sultan swat king clout maharajah mash colossus club big bambino millions fans simply babe foreigners represented baseball america war ii japanese soldiers seeking fitting reply american insults emperor shouted front line trenches hell babe ruth ruth died playing days ended millions mourned passing eighty thousand fans filed body lay yankee stadium york city babe beginnings born george herman ruth jr grew atmosphere violence ruths lived flat saloon baltimore maryland waterfront drunkenness bloody fights night occurrence clear george sr owned saloon worked large heavy drinking bad tempered looking fight periodically fly uncontrollable rage beat son later killed barroom fight ruths children george jr lived childhood kate ruth emotionally unable cope motherhood tended bar saloon downstairs care attention children received german speaking mother father
newcomers settle kind america answers differ group members group traveled freighter immigrants choice freighter regular port freighters docked ports york philadelphia boston baltimore east coast cities immigrants landed norwegians swedes tended move directly looked farming country climate homeland settled wisconsin iowa minnesota illinois later century moved kansas nebraska dakotas freighters dock ports immigrants left europe french port le havre landed orleans route germans orleans mississippi river carved farms moved young cities mississippi valley half germans settled states ohio illinois wisconsin missouri immigrants settled determined occupation skills lack brought europe welsh miner head coal mines eastern pennsylvania british textile worker cottons woolens carpeting manufactured course attracted immigrants tended relatives friends country living counties illinois wisconsin large clusters germans mainly swedes norwegians majority immigrants remained cities
large spanish speaking ethnic group puerto rico island puerto rico part united states citizens set foot mainland today million puerto rican background live mainland united states majority live york city remainder cities northeast nearly arrived mexican puerto rican experience earlier immigrant groups puerto ricans live cities worst housing hold lowest paying jobs fact kinds jobs earlier immigrants held garment industry puerto ricans largely replaced jews italians force group recent cubans arrived opponents fidel castro government took control cuba cubans left island homeland live united states greater part settled southern florida result percent population dade county spanish speaking majority residents miami dade county largest city cuban origin cubans adjusted quickly american society number earliest cuban arrivals educated fairly decades growing number entered professions business successful immigrant groups cubans helped turn miami mainly vacation spot america major centers trade finance
reform movements pre civil war era lost momentum result civil war abolitionists reached goal worked reform movements overwhelmed happenings war early reform movements temperance strong feminists reformers found war end moment passed put goals favor fight free slaves expected women freed slaves gain vote male abolitionists told wait negro hour plain women male allies abolitionist movement interest women rights fourteenth amendment adopted vote belonged males fifteenth amendment forbade denying vote race denying grounds sex mean americans longer thought reform late looked change turned kinds problems occupied reformers earlier number americans greatest problem american corruption government corrupt politician william boss tweed york city gang ran tammany hall organization political club controlled local democratic party turn governed york city kickbacks bribery padding bills kind shady deal tweed ring looted city treasury
simple thing describe progressivism movement kinds seeking reforms generally progressives concentrated problems studied worked firsthand spent energies reforming city government turned areas housing health worked end child labor improve working conditions women progressives worked reform goals urban reformers wanted city government democratic cared making government democratic making efficient similarly motives reformers clearly agreed social injustices ended reformers wished humanitarian reasons acted fear desperate helped turn radical revolutionary ideas supported reforms advance interests group held reform groups belief government power deal america ills progressive leaders middle class cities especially important university trained experts fields social public health conservation education saw need improve conditions urban industrial understood training skill able ward politician medical knowledge run department public health prevent epidemics loyal party qualify manage school system city million plan housing parks draw programs conserve forests
hardest hit course unemployed half nation unemployed clustered large cities effects depression visible bread lines makeshift huts thrown vacant lots women sleeping park benches newspapers poverty rural america visible south hundreds thousands small farm owners lost land tenant farmers sharecroppers migrant workers blacks whites struggled americans took road wandered country searching jobs jobs fact hundred thousand simply wandered apparent aim riding empty railroad boxcars place part american lives known natural disaster added numbers road americans abused prairie missouri river valley rocky mountains land overgrazed sheep cattle protective covering matted grass plowed farms rainfall area light starting period rain stopped completely whipped high winds hundreds millions tons powdery dry topsoil blown clouds dust darkened skies region part nation breadbasket dust bowl depression farmers unable pay mortgages lost land tenant farmers working land owned banks mortgage companies
american tradition opposed idea standing army widespread military training ideal republic citizen soldier person lay tools pick musket nation peril return peacetime danger wilson shared view americans voices raised need prepared war engulf america modern war argued produce modern weapons train modern army required delay tasks found war court disaster pressed view forcefully president theodore roosevelt gradually wilson views changed despite continuing opposition congress peace advocates persuaded congress pass national defense act act increased regular army strengthened national guard guard remained control states war department naval building program begun wilson sought reelection expected run mainly record domestic reform war changed wilson record progressive president factor voters main issue war peace democratic leaders sought appeal voters slogan war run wilson republicans picked charles evans hughes able supreme court justice reform governor york progressive party offered nomination theodore roosevelt roosevelt hated wilson knowing run split republican votes guarantee wilson election roosevelt turned offer later announced support hughes
british pushing westward north african coast american forces driving eastward german italian armies caught bitter fighting axis troops surrendered allied ships mediterranean sea north african base allies invaded sicily summer quickly took island september landing italy italians overthrew dictator mussolini imprisoned rescued german paratroopers german lines longer leader italian italian government quickly surrendered allies joined fight germany military victory italy easy german armies resisted stubbornly rugged italian mountains mile advance costly allies gain full control italy end war mussolini caught killed italian patriots blitzkrieg german armies deep russia grinding halt germans suffered costly defeats war stalingrad heroic defense russian soldiers civilians severe russian winter combined defeat germans german losses half million german summer offensive thrown russian armies attack early russians driven germans soviet union ready enter poland allies winning battle atlantic improved antisubmarine techniques allowed allies cut shipping losses compared previous percent
arthur mary macarthur doubt career youngest son started douglas west point born arthur macarthur wife shared determination arthur macarthur career soldier enlisted seventeen civil war age twenty colonel holder medal honor nation highest award bravery douglas macarthur born army post rock arkansas spent youth army posts western frontier earliest childhood recollection later sound bugle exciting boy learned ride shoot read write recalled douglas older brother practiced marching memorized army regulations read histories biographies military heroes douglas teenage colonel macarthur stationed texas douglas attended west texas military academy san antonio texas graduated top class douglas took entrance examination west point highest score entered united states military academy united states fought won war spain philippine islands acquired douglas father general headed american military forces general macarthur fame son west point easier west point tradition subjected humiliating making difficult ridiculous tasks sort initiation club future army officers
denied admission university maryland law school race thurgood marshall enrolled law school howard university howard black university washington midst exciting periods history decades known social glamour academic side image changed dr mordecai johnson black president johnson determined howard school alive ideas school train graduates compete provide leadership black america brought america leading black scholars howard faculty included locke philosophy sterling brown literature ralph government politics rayford logan history franklin frazier sociology dr johnson gave law school accredited special attention brought william charles houston editor harvard law review law student james brilliant black attorney brought houston named vice dean believed howard train lawyers secure legal rights black percent nation lawyers black fewer hundred graduates law schools single course civil rights law taught country according ten lawyers south handle civil rights cases houston national association advancement colored naacp involved students debates legal strategy gain civil rights law school improved rapidly accredited
late marshall won number important cases university forced admit black student law school assigned separate tables library cafeteria class required sit rail marked reserved colored university set separate law school blacks basement regular law school tiny library small teaching staff marshall won orders supreme court end practices argued cases marshall laying groundwork final assault segregation separate equality marshall told court matter equal facilities fact segregation establishes feeling humiliation deprivation group considered inferior marshall called conference naacp lawyers review progress winning cases houston strategy results coming slowly fifteen force open doors law schools blacks marshall reasonable expect black children wait twenty thirty forty jim crow school wither marshall later recalled decided hog decided segregation target insist american public education top bottom law school kindergarten legal question shown matter law separate equal segregation unconstitutional marshall sure prove points negro
disney artists numbering hundred began full length animated cartoon film film require million drawings nearly complete expensive produce disney borrow heavily labeled disney folly industry snow white dwarfs released received praise movie critics public short film returned million huge sum average theater admission cents prosperity snow white brought walt disney productions short lived full length cartoon features pinocchio lost money outbreak war ii europe cut foreign market accounted percent income walt disney productions company soon financial difficulty banks refused lend money disney stock fell share problems continued war films late novelty mickey mouse faded disney cartoons featuring mickey gang early disney able reverse company fortunes full length animated cartoon features including cinderella box office successes addition disney began kinds films nature documentaries seal island beaver valley family entertainment pictures pollyanna set american small towns surrounding countryside disney popular film mary poppins took place england disney saw advantage technology
englishman named sir thomas wrote book called utopia book society sir thomas created imagination lived amidst plenty opportunity live happy enjoyed liberty freedom thought considerate rights careful offend beliefs peace loving war defense wrote book words utopia utopian mean perfect ideal utopia product sir thomas imagination free place earth spot chose imaginary island american coast europeans learned america existence earlier voyages christopher columbus saw untouched wilderness place start afresh free injustices lands sir thomas america natural setting perfect society hundred sixty later french immigrant america michel guillaume jean de crevecoeur wrote volume essays called letters american farmer crevecoeur american born wife settled farm orange county york essay crevecoeur explained america changed immigrants changed words shortened paragraph meaning clearer american asylum poor europe means met wretches wander starve call england kingdom country america makes laws mode living social system
fearing arrest small band separatists later known pilgrims fled holland complete religious freedom prospered pilgrims worried children dutch ways forget english heritage ten decided leave holland america leaders permission plant colony territory virginia company group london merchants financed pilgrims planned set trading post fishing settlement capital profits common pool hoped pay debt london backers september mayflower leaky vessel tons left england bound america passengers aboard pilgrims holland separatists england pilgrims going america opportunity land religious reasons blown course mayflower arrived cape cod territory virginia company early november pilgrims decided settle plymouth massachusetts harsh winter pilgrims struggled tiny colony alive desperate jamestown spring died hard plymouth colony establish discouraged colony ability profit london backers stopped sending supplies later partnership merchants pilgrims ended colony plymouth grew slowly managed pay debt london merchants prospered
southern planters top single generation abraham wood worked indentured servant planter traded indians free wood collected thousands acres planter traded indians speculated western land virginia prominent wood carter family path wealth typical families rose high north merchants able advantage opportunity formed aristocracy wealth northern merchants jacks trades jacks ships colonial products corners sold goods ships brought loaned money sold land rum bought sold ships british trade laws stood profit smuggling inheriting money earlier generation advantage england history filled tales poor yankee lads rich merchants john hull thomas hancock examples john hull england father blacksmith john silversmith number branched bought trading ships west indies spain england sold goods boston died hull wealthiest boston thomas hancock arrived point path son congregational minister hancock advantage coming family fairly high status wealth
april group military overthrew democratic government greece government leaders quickly limited freedom greek steps abolish elections moved silence opposition censored newspapers drove unfriendly editors country jailed political opponents regulated personal conduct forbade clothing dictated hair styles likely reacted strongly read thought matter values beliefs government unlimited power citizens liberty americans runs counter idea government put case government power strongly thomas paine author common sense government wrote paine evil worst intolerable thomas jefferson author declaration independence president united states expressed distrust government strongly government governs jefferson governs hundred paine wrote changed ways understand government performs important tasks modern society believe government power things today agree things government americans want government power limit title book written college president america bicentennial expresses concerns society plainly lingering distrust government power
united states america decade nation states joined common war independence soon putting tariffs import taxes goods york hampshire fought vermont lands wanted separate john adams spoke united states house thirteen clocks needed set strike reason thirteen clocks began striking constitution leadership george washington person america washington trust war character conduct won loyalty peace put country ahead interest reason delegates philadelphia gave large powers office president counted washington job constitution effect washington choice nearly elector president reelection equally sided congress president assembled york nation temporary capital spring realized fill constitution government aware actions set precedent pattern future members congress agonized address president vice president john adams suggested called highness president united states america protector liberties thought excellency diary senator william pennsylvania glimpse feelings issue
americans insult flag straw demanded war jefferson knew unwise navy fight decided economic pressure urging congress approved embargo act law forbade exports american foreign ships american ship permitted leave foreign port cargo jefferson reasoned american ships high seas britain france seize british impress american sailors important denying american goods warring countries jefferson hoped force change policies boycotts worked britain revolution jefferson hoped economic pressure embargo act hurt united states hurt france britain ships lay idle goods rotted docks crops remained unsold exports fell sailors jobs depended trade thrown merchants lost trade seizure ships profitable western farmers felt embargo effect loss european markets caused prices crops drop measure america days british rule resisted embargo act federalists declared constitution gave congress power regulate trade stop eyes embargo unconstitutional ship owners captains tried law jefferson harsh measures enforce militia prevent smuggling goods canadian border government hired officials police ports
significance deep significance part problem wrote famous american autobiography problem continue think central problem greatest democracies problem future writer lines noted american scholar public figure received ph degree harvard taught american colleges author dozens books articles founders known civil rights organization united states national association advancement colored naacp writer william edward du bois black american central problem wrote problem race larger sense question society claims freedom equality du bois extent fulfilled claims true measure democracy reason history black america test case american democracy du bois wrote autobiography especially recent twenty america important steps dealing central problem evidence simply laws passed court decisions handed found places statistics college graduates entry professions distribution income holding positions government seen offices college campuses public facilities result demands organized efforts blacks
southern minds pens concentrated creating proslavery argument turned bible united states constitution ancient philosophers classical civilization republican greece slavery find justification southerners contrasted treatment slaves northern workers society pointed class hardest unpleasant class south slaves cared sickness health age youth perfect security wage system free north workers security received illness age thrown depression south wrote george fitzhugh leading defender slavery harmony society universal liberty equality absurd impracticable slavery situation war competition ceases peace goodwill arise slaveholding south peace quiet plenty contentment mobs trade unions strikes higher wages differing ideas slavery suggest south north growing middle nineteenth century stood societies north farmers manufacturing commerce growing rapidly increasing numbers lived cities immigrants ireland germany added variety north population south contrast wholly agricultural rural percent lived towns cities
reconstruction brought sweeping change south black political voice grateful party brought freedom voted republican whites voted democratic whites barred voting black voters south outnumbered white voters republican party carried single southern control ten later blacks voted held office decade called black reconstruction phrase say blacks ruled southern states case true southern blacks held local offices sheriff justice peace offices treasurer superintendent education held blacks black served lieutenant governor states mississippi louisiana south carolina number blacks held office modest considering number black voters reconstruction period blacks held majority legislature ironically south carolina leader secession majority house hundred southerners elected congress reconstruction period sixteen black black congressmen hiram revels blanche bruce mississippi united states senate whites held positions leadership republican reconstruction governments number northerners recently arrived south called carpetbaggers southerners carried belongings suitcases carpeting
popular exhibits disneyland walt disney progress opened york fair show seen million exhibit audience means moving platform past scenes inside american house present scene shows inventions easier pleasant earlier electric refrigerator freezer replace ice box family cooled air conditioner fan blowing cake ice washing machine clothes dryer scrub board clothesline television sets stereos electrical items scene show sound track informs audience tomorrow reason popularity show main theme suits temper optimistic hardworking theme progress faith future hard voice sound track tells americans agree show defines progress show tell means abundance goods glory country ability produce definition makes sense americans place high material things believing measure personal progress number goods progress means according show advances invention technology
nineteenth century ideas americans progress led change thinking relationship humans nature believed meant live closely nature sure god intend humans improve land clear till fruitful claim indians justification taking land earlier thinking land needed cut trees shelter fuel kill game food clothing progress measured piling wealth relationship humans nature changed nature seen storehouse unclaimed wealth proper aim humankind longer live harmony nature tame nature bent human forests cut mines opened lands fenced put plow greater progress thinking encouraged existence vast untapped west lay americans midcentury prospects wealth dizzying half nineteenth century americans devoured west gulps progress exploited resources half continent care future created colorful eras american history ruthlessly smashed indian civilizations stood january james marshall building sawmill american river california miles km sutter fort
battles fought number lines took place decade began hatred whipped war end coming peace loosed groups beliefs looked un american communist revolution russia similar movements european countries fear communists reds swept country bombing incidents fears greatly exaggerated nonetheless result red scare attorney general mitchell palmer began series illegal raids private homes labor organizations goal round called reds thousand suspects arrested jailed end released fear foreigners radicals seen trial sacco vanzetti italian immigrants accused murder south braintree massachusetts convicted sentenced death americans believed sacco vanzetti anarchists convicted radical ideas tried trial efforts drew international attention efforts failed sacco vanzetti put death ugly expressions desire save america ku klux klan klan antiblack original catholic semitic immigrant recruiting pamphlets pulled punches criminal gambler girl home wife beater dope peddler white slaver rome controlled newspaper black spider fighting klan
end germany spring allied troops crossed rhine river drove heart germany russian troops entered germany east pressed berlin hitler took russians entered city german forces europe surrendered president roosevelt live final defeat germany president health weakened strains wartime leadership failing months won fourth term defeating republican opponent governor thomas dewey york realized ill roosevelt april working speech favorite vacation spot warm springs georgia suffered cerebral hemorrhage died instantly vice president harry truman succeeded presidency stories nazi mass jews political enemies filtered europe allied armies drove poland germany stories confirmed horrible scenes buchenwald auschwitz bergen belsen dozen places nazis built death camps extermination factories systematic efficient slaughter human beings hitler final solution jewish problem million killed arrival allied troops saved starving survivors scheduled death gas chambers end war allies held war crimes trials number top nazi leaders found guilty prison terms executed part atrocities hitler era escaped thirty survivors experience continue hunt bring trial
end war ii american troops occupied japan general douglas macarthur commander occupation forces actually governed country issuing orders japanese emperor important social economic reforms carried industrial monopolies broken style american antitrust actions large landholdings divided japanese peasants constitution put effect creating western type democratic government features constitution japan armed forces renounce war japanese occupation remarkably smoothly reason japanese unlike situation germany occupying power japan soviet union part postwar occupation asian country united states forty countries soviet union signed peace treaty japan treaty gave japan full sovereignty allowed japan build armed forces events east caused united states change mind unarmed japan events triumph communists china nationalist troops chiang communist mao tung battled control china chiang upper hand war ii groups suspended civil war order fight invading japanese war american efforts help sides find compromise ended failure mistakes overconfident chiang corruption government poor morale army loss popular support turned tide favor communists
early government changed indian policy plan called termination reservation system ended tribal lands divided members tribe federal government stop providing special health education services furnished indians encouraged move cities jobs supposed plentiful enter mainstream american plan put effect reservations led disaster left reservations cities find jobs found hard adjust cement prairies strange ways living sold share land found trapped native americans stayed land difficult seeing policy failure president eisenhower ended meeting chicago representatives sixty tribes developed proposals indian policy declaration indian purpose asked reservations restored government assistance education health housing improved important called choose president johnson administration provide money reservations part war poverty funds cut later frustrated indian leaders took number direct actions call attention situation group indians took abandoned prison alcatraz island san francisco bay held months forced
working organizations major part school play sports team belong organized religion need services hospital medical clinic deal government bureaucracies organizations part days job traditional forty hours week responsible jobs require spend roughly thousand hours directly involved career waking invest activity job communication important answer question spend greatest amount answer communicating surveys opinions experts show executives spend percent days communicating forty minutes hour survey personnel hundred companies showed percent respondents conducted hiring appraisal interviews percent gave oral instructions subordinates percent gave oral reports percent spoke clients part jobs communication important fields lawyers interview clients speak court medical practitioners talk patients colleagues teachers face thousands students careers ministers preach social workers counsel kinds solitary scientist lab lone wolf appearance deceptive scientific researchers need grants support grants proposals communicate need project validity approach communication important lab
manuscript nears completion acquiring editor meets project editor responsible development manuscript production manager supervise design manufacture book months designer creates graphic format manuscript book design copy editor reads text style syntax manuscript finally transformed dog pile blue penciled pages book holding point process acquiring editor meets marketing department sales campaign include direct mail advertising materials sales representatives meeting professors figure flow chart summarizes communication important realize networks operate simultaneously random house organization members instance sales marketing departments jobs communicating network house house figure simplified flow chart editorial production sales marketing networks interface doubts prevalence communication organizations image erase matter person identified network chart communication plays central role illustrates things paints clear picture took deliver book process detailed figure shows need clearly defined formal network college department random house hundred books print hard kind developing kind efficient system outlining talk
examples suggest informal communication serves functions confirm formal message heard fellow student coworker confirm importance directive boss instructor heard yelling walked past office cases informal networks expand information carried formal channels filling information gaps instance say experienced fellow worker invitation reception says casual dress think means cases informal channels expedite messages delivering quickly book job hunters informal communication networks hear openings re publicized giving jump competition principle help find place live live ideal places bargain prices found rustic cottage house view personal informal contact newspaper want ads informal channels provide information contradicts official message classic operates higher education institutions college university assistant professors job security granted tenure job universities assistant professors supposedly judged official criteria considered tenure quality quantity original research measured terms scholarly publications quality teaching service institution service community reality assistant professors succeed soon learn real rules academic game friendly senior faculty teaching loyal service worthy goals respectable list publications real ticket associate professorship
addition paralanguage emphasis accent source vocal information henry higgins fair lady speech keeps flower girl gutter statement true today consider anecdote popular magazine groomed young women stepped crowded elevator recent morning manhattan makeup perfect hair glossy clean smartly styled obviously marking coming product managers account executives doors closed soon pair engaged animated conversation weekend plans mouths tumbled harsh grating tones thick brooklyn accents mangled rs atrocious passengers winced corporate vice president later commented women don won progress careers look perfect voices kill comparatively rapid clipped speech yorker northeast sound angry rude southerner british accent speaker sound educated affected depending listener aware listener person tone voice speed talking significant ambiguous subordinate speaking fast nervous possibly making presentation superior content message manager sounds hostile says thank ideas want hear ideas distracted concerned problem unaware normal manner impression hostility
listening help advance individual career help organization knowledge power effective information person learns organization comes listening examples showed listening information passes formal channels provide important facts contract drawn physical problems threaten productivity safety money employees project management expects bad sales season listening grapevine reorganization marketing department mean jobs added lost expected vice president kind behavior boss expect employees names mentioned important influential productive employee dissatisfied passed promotion learn sort information listening talking information gather listening help successful instance proposal develop product chance success adapted interests concerns consider management review board trying conserve costs budget want withhold expensive proposal january show bulk costs won occur budget passed management interest moving kind product instance prestige products small lucrative market want focus efforts developing ideas kind merchandise
examples early chapter illustrate importance communication climates goes internal relationships exist organizations organizations public sales representatives clients bureaucracies publics retailers suppliers positive negative relationships quality relationships determines successful organization dollar losses businesses staggering compute business lost reasons don care number don trust care making profit makes communication climate positive initial answer question surprisingly simple positive communication climate determined degree believe valued individuals feel respected liked positive climate results hand trust appreciation climate suffers james president stanford court elegant san francisco hotel understands importance respect staff member assimilated struck awareness sincere flow mutual respect professionalism entire organization dealing high level human dignify matter position element character abounds didn going internally levels dignity bring guests occur key positive climate mutual respect simple look definition believe valued climate improves
realized early adventure interviews conventionally conducted meaningless conditioned cliches question answer technique determining flavored detergents toothpaste deodorants discovery women questions course casual nature beginning kind ask drink kind ask talk idiomatic academic short conversation gates dammed hurts dreams opened interview approach ordinary conversation despite terkel claim interviews conversations differ normal give ways characterize interview certainly purposeful terkel aim gather material books questions answers interviewee asking amount speaking characteristic interview terkel primarily listens subjects talk interviewing ice skating looks easy talent experience skillful person tries results disastrous unskilled interviewers trouble keeping track focus area ignore novices lack presence mind follow important answers preoccupied planning upcoming questions don listen subject saying kind nature unscheduled interviews makes difficult objectively compare responses interview type interview ideal situations fortunately alternative moderately scheduled interview combines features types
assigned cbs news white house correspondent job report write deliver news concerning events revolve president members executive branch government reports heard daily cbs news broadcasts reach large audiences average daily audience cbs evening news approximately twenty million spend virtually job communicating cbs booth white house deal cbs colleagues white house sources primarily telephone daily white house press office staffers interrogated reporters interview administration official days group interviews visited president members congress cabinet members daily sessions tv cameras administration officials essence reporting news fact gathering daily preoccupation requiring constant communication kinds colleagues looking simpler direct methods communicating audience primary medium television attention visual detail important constantly trying improve visual material complex information reduced minute presents greatest challenge broadcast news essentially headline service try convey greatest amount information small space word phrase selected care modifiers important conveying mood horace ars wrote challenge remains centuries later
employer recognize concerns job answered interviewer questions prepared ask realize questions indirect statements answers questions inquiry chances training advancement suggest ambition question vacations salary leave interviewer wondering level interest company job exception employment interview immediately letter person interviewed follow letter serves purposes demonstrates common courtesy reminds employer letter chance remind interviewer important information interview provide facts omitted due forgetfulness limitations fourth letter correct misunderstandings occurred interview letter tactfully remind interviewer promises interview response date numerous laws govern questions legal employment interviews general principle underlies simple questions asked purpose discriminating basis race color religion sex national origin age employers ask areas united states government equal employment opportunity commission eeoc permits questions investigate bona fide occupational qualification bureaucratic jargon job means question asked job related supreme court touchstone business necessity
major part involves team building quality hotel operations require highly effective teams food beverage operations guest services reservations front desk valet housekeeping accounting areas teamwork departments essential maintenance crews depend housekeeping alert potential problems guest inconvenienced front desk efficiency depends cashiers areas entering correct charges computer teams hotel runs smoothly staff feels team building problem occurs conduct sessions department experiencing number problems illustrate kind recently gourmet restaurants series month period management vacancies lounge dining room consolidated reporting relationships changed introduced menu prices uniforms left staff feeling confused demoralized decided hold session job performance affected seriously staff members relieved management recognized feelings wanted help began identifying place clarifying troublesome problems acknowledging feelings problems created instance major concern left feeling stressed addition sunday brunch personnel knew change coming felt dark important details dates opening change affect schedules makeup brunch menu identified concerns solve
small company distributes packaged foods school cafeterias offices institutions considering expanding range products offers george president company announces planning meeting discuss directions expanding assumes product line sort snack items candy bars chips cookies cake instance snack foods company major source profits fifteen existed alex rossi marketing manager listens carefully senior managers talk trying deal company recently bought smaller established candy cake manufacturers agree says obviously stuff sells growing faster industry rossi doubts company customers hospitals factory cafeterias institutions children found suspects candy sales don room grow read articles interested nutrition lately investigate health foods yogurt teas packaged mixtures nuts dried fruits noticed supermarket lately rossi thinks guys won listen don want suggest radical think nuts company weeks later advice planning committee signs contract commits company large supply candy cakes decision ultimately hurt small company badly rossi guessed customers buying snack foods wanted
diversion technique begins interruption technique leaves changing subject method diversion easiest beginner follow thing remember change subject completely talk latest space shot civil rights days change subject completely sophisticated ways creating diversion instance persons engaged seminar start talking tones person sitting put hand front mouth obvious carrying separate conversation earn dirty looks main thing attention diverted speaker special techniques cultivate device important able pitch voice low level drown speaker completely create buzz takes practice worth trying attempt listen speaker won able heads begin turn minds wander speaker trying say won calling advanced technique don interrupt wouldn dream creating diversion completely totally cooperative speaker completed address succeeded making point call simple course cast doubt character ability thinker suggest rocker mind
presentation accomplish miracles oil company representative defending company proposal start offshore drilling naive expect arguments business growth increasing marine wildlife turn opponents enthusiastic supporters asking support purpose simply recognize offshore drilling bad similarly sales representative trying sell furnishings office building expect million sale call try appointment present proposal planning committee listeners power approve reject appeal abraham lincoln point clearly cabinet unanimously opposed ideas vote plan president stated motion carries cases important identify interests needs attitudes prejudices key decision makers focus appeal instance office furnishings sales representative finds planning committee vote president presentation committee aimed apparent needs interests finds president meet planning committee appoints give staff impression participate decisions sales representative conclude wasting speaking committee try appointment speak president hope competitors haven figured planning committee real purpose chapter read generally thesis introduction speech presentation
overly detailed notes tempt speaker read inexperienced salespeople rely brochure instance wind reading prospective customers experienced salespeople able brochure highlighted boldface headings guide words shouldn turn meaningless scribbles need glance writing notes neat large read glance audiences won offended knowledge speaking notes notes shouldn distraction sheet inch paper flapping hand noisy irritation shuffling sheets paper lectern speakers avoid problems providing listeners guide guide notes instance personnel manager point major points insurance brochure employee holding executive explaining organization department set chart point parts related notes rehearse familiar credibility suffer find place brochure chart sooner later asked give impromptu talk unexpected cuff presentation customer stop office ask describe model spring celebration dinner asked say words manger ask give background problem fill progress suddenly discover weekly meeting subordinates unaware process need order understand project explain
trains executives professionals corporate representatives effective spokesmen organizations clients want making public speeches television appearances sales presentations testimony legislative bodies services provide valuable adjunct offered parent firm carl associates public relations organization addition directing coordinating operations personally provide training numerous individuals facing communication assignments lecture conduct major communications seminars united states subjects deal wide ranging include crisis communications handling media interviews industrial accident media tours product introductions sales presentations recently nation largest run railroads asked help conveying story public industries understood america railroads perceive archaic inefficient nation run railroads space age technology computers microwave systems move large quantities goods remarkable reliability cost effectiveness ongoing communications training hundred railroad executives resulting substantially improve media coverage interesting effective public speaking appearances conducted similar programs clients individual corporations helped industrywide organizations american bankers association nonprofit study groups road information program improve public understanding fields surprisingly top level executives greatest need communication skills past leave communication public underlings today find public spotlight unprecedented degree visible news media government agencies shareholders
approach public speaking course open minded willingness learn supposed gain learning select topics preparing delivering speeches mind public speaking skill improve personal competence social development professional growth student public speaking learn communication skills areas instructors speak students lawyers juries clergy congregations sales managers address sales personnel supervisors address subordinates workers address fellow workers reasons students college learn skills improve chances success success pursuits depends effective communication skills choose careers demand public speaking skills eventually learn authors spent summers teaching union workers give public speeches workers jobs require public speaking boot shoe makers assembly line workers seam welders steel workers elected officers unions found speak frequently hundreds union members college course public speaking spent vacation university learning give speeches union workers found public speaking skill increase personal competence learning give public speeches competence quantity quality things draw plans house plumbing electrical building competent person knows install light switch
wondering section called components public speaking process word process underlines dynamic nature public speaking fact speech active force minds topic inception speaker mind person forgets word process highlights idea public speaking interrelated art functions interplay speaker audience situation components autonomous function speaker audience speaker audience context called situation point view expressed text public speaking consists gaining confidence understanding process public speaking practicing speeches gain confidence understanding learn skills gradual increments completing application exercises words need master skills master overview main topics covered remainder text chapter begins process exploring skills develop project competent trustworthy dynamic speaker chapter focuses audience analysis skills developing questions ask audience drawing inferences questionnaires observation adapting audience chapter concentrates finding topic speaker audience stating speech purpose results assessed chapter helps select materials speech means personal experience interviews printed materials suggests ways locate organize information chapter reveals functions introduction conclusion speech fulfill chapter discusses language speech characteristics spoken language methods sharing meanings ways achieve literacy oral discourse methods improving descriptive powers
dimension source credibility dynamism dynamic speaker audience perceives bold active energetic strong assertive audiences apparently behavior manner consider opposites meek passive tired weak retiring audiences favor dynamic features signs dynamism provide speaker purposeful movement walking pointing gesturing popular lecturer vincent works intently speaks constantly mopping brow sign dynamism vocal variety rate speaker roar purr speed slow providing signs activity energy kinds words choose signal dynamism colorful words vivid verbs forceful adverbs adjectives signal strength assertiveness raped plundered soviets treaty dynamic simply explaining soviets gained advantage agreement statement appears bold meek person face expression dynamic person frown smile show surprise person stands wooden soldier speech hands glued sides dynamic person shakes fists pounds dynamic person follows power fraternity violated rules sponsoring big drinking spree weekend members bit uneasy monday night dean students invited house dinner relieved showed apparently unconcerned unaware transgression
chapter explored importance speaker public speaking chapter emphasize importance speaker interests abilities selecting speech topic speaker topic involvement topic matters easy test involvement topic tentatively selected ask question feel attack speech attack instance gave speech career women attacked speech commentator criticism personal affront attack speech feel defensive topic mean highly involved topic competence expertise topic selected devote energy topic involvement competence generally signaled put deal expend deal energy involved pursuing career medicine psychology home economics display interest committing energy learning subject matter skills lead success careers observing fellow students speak reveal involved topics speakers talk conviction passion authority involved topics give indications care subject person chance selected topic reader digest article night speech convey sense involvement important public speaking
selected topic speech considered appropriateness audience public speaking occasion task write statement purpose statement encompass general purpose ultimate goal purpose general purpose speech reaction seek audience general purpose inform listeners achieve understanding comprehension knowledge words wish achieve cognitive change audience want audience understand want listeners understand disease instrument places find types trees origins language dangers drugs historical reasons overpopulation india general purpose public speaking persuade persuasive speaking form communication speaker intentionally attempts modify listeners behavior changing perceptions attitudes beliefs values purpose persuasive speech alter audience cognitions affective domain feel ultimately behavior act general purposes speeches entertain advocate actuate describe define general purposes identified speech scholars general purposes speeches identified categorized occur frequently speeches inform persuade fact form main general purposes book concentrate speech inform speech persuade ultimate goal speech end product mind audience
library card catalog information book library arranged author title subject author exact title book look subject books deal subject speech topic water pollution look subject water pollution related subjects conservation environment natural resources rare circumstances read entire book information book index table contents lead specific information need library reader guide periodical literature reader guide located reference books titles articles listed subject magazines journals checking topic related subjects find significant number articles college city libraries large number reference works discovering information speeches find background information encyclopedias encyclopaedia britannica encyclopedia americana information current issues unlikely found information america dictionary american biography statistics facts details subjects demographics economy weather consult statesman yearbook statistical abstract united states almanac book facts sources located reference section library topic current covered extensively book general reference secure information newspaper
functions operate single introduction examine student introduction figure side notes function fulfilled notice speaker gains maintains attention relates topic audience forecasts development speech remember story strategy introduction chapter focused introduction public speech section turn attention introducing speaker introductions beneficial building confidence front room focus person introduced person introducing introductions provide speaker practice selecting materials important establish credibility side benefit speaker opportunity practice interviewing skills order decide say person introducing say introduce cases recognize audience important dignitaries present affiliation person introduced announce topic enumerate person qualifications speaking topic present person going speak notice introducing person fulfill functions ordinarily fulfill introductory portion speech relate speaker topic announce topic speech important difference introducing introducing part speech objective descriptive introducing
set characteristics language availability word highly speaker audience frequently everyday lives measure word length words tend abbreviated motion pictures films flicks television tv tube availability refers likely word perception words describe courses ag home ec double stat highly likely select talk courses public speaker language effectively sensitive availability words selects speech characteristic language ambiguity ambiguity difficulty determining exactly word likely mean audience circumstances person words signals reduce ambiguity sign says stop supposed ambiguous means complete halt check safety proceed hand sign says yield ambiguous cases stop completely wait slow check flow traffic everyday language highly ambiguous instance suppose calls conservative term mean word ambiguous universally agreed meaning similarly say beautiful term ambiguous reasonable persons disagree beauty public speaker learn ways lessen ambiguity increase chances audience shares intended meanings
method describing precise accurate language description basketball speaker views ball distances centimeter hundred meters close language precise plane tips angle simply turn side language specific method describing variety words expressions basketball surface texture undulating surface scores bulging snow soft rolling white serene earth stalling maneuver spinning fields engine makes lugging sound labors steeper steeper climb vocabulary case impressive variety appropriateness method describing connotative dimension words denotative meaning dictionary meaning objective meaning emotional component connotative meaning word suggests emotional content instance refer woman broad denotative definition mean female definition means sex object thing holds referred handsome hunk look student speeches shows connotative meaning description refer basketball suggests map raised surface mountains hills valleys say tree stripped suggests forceful removal proudly flocked suggest spray snow decorate christmas trees fourth method describing comparison examine objects likenesses similarities
simplest visual aids chalkboard distracting chalkboard effectively follow suggestions ask teacher prefers place information board class begins preceeding speaker finished teachers audiences dislike delay speaker spends minutes class speeches writing information board feel strongly information board speech distracting instructors audiences object speaker writes title speech board immediately delivering speech write information board large print audience speak loudly speech hear write boldly clearly board supply information difficult digest oral form technical vocabulary audience unfamiliar write words board audience hear statistics facts details difficult follow remember help audience putting board face audience board simplest point hand yardstick pointer chalkboard point clincher sure audience understands main ideas chalkboard greatest opportunities visual aids effectively inexpensive easy
methods encourage audience retain important information interspersing repetitions repeating idea times speech pausing physical gesture importance information experiment showed speaking loud voice repeating important matters infrequently repeating important matters repetitions enhance audience ability answer questions based information speech listen instructors classmates informative speeches try determine speakers inspire remember information apply techniques informative speech fourth general purpose informative speaking encourage audience apply information speech soon afterward effective speaker determines methods encouraging audience information quickly speaker think ways audience information speech student delivering informative speech japanese art class fold paper form bird moveable wings student speaker classmate taste synthetic foods chemicals student invited try disco step music speakers encouraging audience apply information speeches ensure knew informative speaker encourage audience information quickly reason information applied immediately remembered longer reason tried supervision likely tried important purpose informative speaking evoke behavioral change audience
student giving informative speech motorcycle safety included minute film consisting battered helmets narrator explaining happened motorcycle rider explained motorcycle safety instructor survived accidents wore helmet finally distributed detailed document motorcycle safety showed accidents happened times night speaker appealed audience members learn listening learn seeing learn reading find variety methods communicating message audience learns diverse ways material informative speech simply detailed complex present orally able message presenting complex materials audience conclusion speech complex data easier understand graph picture object model person consider means informative message audience fourth principle learning organize information easier understanding organization speech outlining outlining simply skeleton macro organization speech informative speech consider organizational possibilities repeat main point place repeat try create proper setting learning place speech reveal expect audience remember place important information early late speech indisputable answers questions speech communication research hints answers
guess mike main interest football future speeches cover sports related topics outstanding feature introduction focus central theme sports helped audience remember mike active athletics speech conversational personal helped audience mike qualified speaker subjects related athletics speech introducing entitled andy andy junior lived ames declared major mentioned interest political science english attended school iowa university felt young flunked father let quit meantime gotten bit working experience variety jobs free spirit andy columbia missouri opened pizza house felt turned andy returned ames worked drug counselor assets easy talk listener thoughtful easy person relate andy wrapped kids problems drove school bus felt ready return college felt ready accept andy enjoys bowling working weight room feels working makes alert puts mental compared sat drank
met past friends cured feel pertinent problem related girls horror stories typical reaction dumb dumb don realize inflicted disease ultimate thinnest atmosphere pressure oriented society re going raising children realize dangerous goals sanity young let redirect values let clear common misconceptions anorexia recently anorexia understood reported cases need study results study anorexia psychiatrist professor baylor college medicine misconception anorexia nervosa big attention getting stunt severe psychological problems unfortunately physical effects affliction kill correct mental damage truly view overweight misconception obese overweight begin simply stop contrary ninety percent weight problem obesity minds fact dominant characteristics anorexia victims showed prior disease slender attractive intelligent cure anorexia oversimplified think person eating
program accomplish end basically simple choice exercise perform wide range exercise sports walking baseball rope skipping stair climbing considered aerobic term moderate oxygen requirements benefits differ chart student shows visual aid running ranks higher tennis improving flexibility based effects cardiovascular pulmonary system running swimming bicycling walking order rank highest aerobic exercises step program aerobics consultation doctor administer stress test minute test test simply determines run walk swim cycle minutes giving gauge fitness results categorized poor superior depending age sex point begin exercise times week program progress charts dr cooper latest book aerobics dr cooper system points amount weekly exercise begin seeking number points week gradually case running running farther longer times week program full swing earning points week women earning points week level activity steady progress efficient heart blood vessels lungs brings profit aerobics benefits known book rating exercises summarizes benefits nicely lungs process air effort heart grow stronger pump blood beat number size blood vessels carrying blood body tissues increased tone blood vessels muscles improved total blood volume increase
verbal labels names assigned objects intimately capable calling concept object absence label meaningless equivalent concept storage brain prior knowledge elephants attained individual term elephant nonsense word times teachers unwittingly attempt teach concepts students verbal means words frequently inadequate task young children involved order basic concepts learned individual direct encounters elements concept experience media including real objects course provide individual input perceptual bits logical patterns constructed patterns categorized stored future computer data bank store information analogy brain computer carried step data bank specific information required information elicited signal computer programmed properly order desired responses forthcoming analogy memory storage retrieval manner computer works oversimplified makes point teacher wishes communicate verbally doubt concepts storage subject teacher concept data bank individual case word trigger recall critical properties group creatures understanding communication result figure
writing objectives describe kind behavior students engage describe type product required produce behaviors include things dance performances athletic activities speech presentations products include drawings paintings objective tests essays objectives written manner product activity applicable clearly defined identifiable specific terms list describe identify illusive understand appreciate level performance desired establishing minimal level terms percentage total score indicating minimal number responses required finally wish conditions students demonstrate competence behavioral objective sheet lettering samples student correctly classify eighty percent samples style don feel follow prescribed pattern educational objectives alter pattern devise case writing kind objectives begin developing learning materials worth trouble objectives clearly policy determine students concepts presented pretest compared test students learning experience determine experience accomplished supposed
coat rubber cement heavy rubber adhesive remains tacky indefinitely mounting materials irregular outlines surface coated obtain bond common variety presto brand adhesive simple merely apply coat cement material mounted let dry minutes press coated visual firmly place backing material clean residue incidentally easy matter remove picture mounted rubber cement backing permanent double coated mount disassembled fashion need rubber cement solvent eye dropper process clean hands carefully separate corners picture backing merest separation eye dropper apply small quantity solvent picture backing material gently pulling corner dried cement dissolved picture begin separate card continue apply solvent pulling picture separation completed permit solvent dry picture popular technique involves coating surfaces adhered sticky spray kinds materials attached surfaces substance spray adhesive soak papers age manner rubber cement adhesive shake vigorously mix contents uniformly hold inches surface sprayed apply coat adhesive
pastels sticks dry pigment highly concentrated varied hue common kinds similar chalk inclined powder smudge softer chalk permanence problem pastels overcome part blending pigments surface paper napkin paper towel aid permanence plastic spray coat surface visual color applied interesting variation traditional pastel oil pastel coloring stick blend concentrated pigment mixed type oil effective messy medium wax crayons common items virtually school familiar crayon plastered drawing heavy layer applied light successive layers results difficult achieve smooth blended effect crayon color individual hues generally identifiable mixture effect pleasant colored pencils excellent purposes suitable coloring large illustrations bulletin board restricted nature coloring surface pencil required filling large areas practical pencils small visuals transparencies pass pictures adding accents restricted sections larger visuals areas large visuals filled rapidly colored papers kind drawing paper butcher paper cut parts trace sheets colored paper
demanding standpoint discipline effort needed attractive effect hand lettering methods creating verbal messages hand lettering techniques enable teacher form letters size resort templates guides patterns handmade letters need worry running short letter number additionally special equipment pair scissors inexpensive pen needed creation letters techniques employed drawing basic pattern cutting blocks paper drawing pens drawing felt markers represent techniques area hand lettering alert teacher lookout additional ideas assist creation attractive verbal displays teachers find alphabet simple economical standpoint materials create students primary grades excellent job basic formula letters access basic patterns create basic pattern forms decide high want letters mark measurement piece light cardboard oak tag patterns ratio units wide units high desire letter inches tall width equal inches wish vary ratio wider thinner looking letters measure purposes
rubber stamp set common item virtually elementary school secondary schools readily uncomplicated easy letters formed bold legible grayish due improper inking pad unequal pressure letter conditions difficult letters bouncing falling alignment printed stamp system establish line letters stamp sets special aligning ruler taped position board paper line letters bounce stamp pad plenty fresh ink soft pliable select desired letter press ink pad rocking movement ink letter adequately simple direct pressing movement place letter aligning ruler guide line press rocking motion transfer ink direct flat pressure space letters judge distance letter formed stamp form letter accomplish hold inked stamp ruler guide line maintain inked portion surface paper determined spacing correct inked stamp permitted contact paper pressure applied form letter wide assortment popular letter type found local art school supply outlet
determining amount information built visual real problem included times amount insufficient age child simple complex visual preschool child prone preoccupied specific detail complex visual disregard features visual older child able synthesize parts complex picture integrated interpret basis total entity age twelve child able synthesize generalizations draw conclusions preference studies concerned appears children grow older preference complex pictures increases younger children prefer simple flat pictures familiar objects older children ten eleven prefer sketchy complex pictures change preference related change artistic skills child kinds visuals child produce visuals young children simple uncomplicated children avoid complex visuals reach stage able cope older children benefit complete detailed types visuals overburdened irrelevant embellishments children lower elementary grades lack sophistication successfully cope stylized artwork artists children prefer pictures accurate form color representations things encountered natural pictures abstract stylized colored inaccurately eye design fidelity actual object child comprehend adequately degree kind learning resulted encounter visuals suspect
silk screen specialized technique makes production multiple copies poster simple matter ready place silk screen wooden frame generally lumber sheet fabric organdy silk tightly stretched frames fabric necessities purchased virtually art supply store ready printing frames fabric place expensive stretch soak fabric water prior attaching shrinkage set drum simple stencils cut materials newsprint butcher paper taped underside screen side contact base material print silk screen ink pulled stencil squeegee stencil adhere screen considerable number prints single paper stencil poster requires single color additional stencils registered stencils effect color fits proper place stencils special films purpose silk screen masters cut film hand photographic process utilizes light sensitive film common brand create hand cut master sheet film original outlines areas printed cut blade sharp knife
spirit duplicator system represents actuality crude form planographic printing complex offset technique involves water grease combinations offset blanket cylinder addition printing inks printing surface actually spirit duplicator process subtractive additive process impression pulled small quantity carbon ink removed master deposited paper amount carbon removed impressions begin lose finally light ink depletion master discarded created methods creating spirit duplicator masters widely handmade process person works directly surface unit stylus ballpoint pen pencil typewriter colors master unit run purple popular addition standard purple colors red blue green black obtained simple task create master colors single surface variety colored carbon sheets white cover sheets ultimately printing surface decide color combinations desire begin draw type white sheet colored carbon beneath material represented color rendered master sheet remove carbon replace color draw type material reproduced color proceed matter desired colors utilized
company developed color proofing system photo engravers printers graphic arts field lends production overhead transparencies colored films process thin tough mylar coated sensitive emulsion solution needed process film negative acting positive acting negative acting common enables printers plate makers positive color separations photographic negatives procedure creating transparency material follows place sheet color key film coated side dull side sheet black backing paper place photographic negative intermediate master face film expose sandwich ultraviolet light exposure experimentation enable determine correct exposure film surface emulsion side facing developing solution poured film gently surface special pad wad cotton remove areas unwanted pigment finish transparency washing water permitting dry films colors combination achieve virtually effect desire films variations designed copier models acquiring film determine model copier match film type machine clear variety common film colored films film goes process paper fed machine tray automatically
create special demonstration boards number ways sheet metal refrigerator serve nicely writing surface grease pencils kinds transparency pencils markers suitable rendering writing type board prefinished wall panels surface virtually impervious kind stain light colored panels obtained serve nicely techniques mentioned covering surface clear plastic sheet kind demonstration board created lines drawn base material serve guides lettering writing remain intact marks removed plastic making unit reusable map diagram substituted guide lines plastic cover makes students add kinds embellishments damage basic illustration peg board sheets actually tempered boards perforations intervals purchased practically lumber yards reasonable cost special wire hooks holes materials kinds hung numerous additional kinds demonstration display boards devised innovative teacher supporting kinds display materials awkward embarrassing chairs put service chalk trays utilized stop gap measures tend lessen flexibility utilizing visual materials flip chart chalk tray flipped pages moved chart physically pulled forward board page turned
rod puppets constructed central supporting rod held upright puppeteer lower parts operator concealed screen arms jointed marionette controlled strings controlled stiff wires rod puppet generally constructed legs legs articulate upper parts including head carefully completely constructed heads carved wood paper plastic wood simpler rod puppets silhouettes animals detailed dimensional cutout pictures mounted stick type rod puppet effective elementary primary grades kind puppet dimensional nature effectiveness dependent large extent movement space logical classify general heading dimensional materials shadow puppets dimensional nature controlled rods thinner typical support rod puppet translucent screen rear view screen light source order type puppet effectively screen tightly stretched cloth piece frosted acetate tracing paper commercial rear view screen screen large covered sides bottom opaque material operator function seen audience ambient light screened audience complete darkness effect
cassette consists plastic housing pair reels positioned pair shields idler rollers direct tape past recorder head pressure pad maintains tape head proper pressure cassettes operate ips playing times minutes minute tape minutes sides minute tape minutes side cassettes pair tabs edge opposite exposed tape tabs broken discarded wish preserve tape protect erased placing piece thin tape holes permit contents erased cassette reused cassettes identify sides tabs located letter side control protect side remove tab letter side course recordings result individual speaking directly microphone techniques frequently employed involve process called kind copying original recorded sound track re recorded manner patch cord cord fittings ends connected output source machine input recording machine copy tape place recorded tape recorder blank tape recorder connect patch cord speaker output source machine auxiliary tape input recording machine press play control source machine record control recording machine
television cards consist lettering pictorial renderings combination created specific constraints television medium mind creating card begin rough sketch conforms dimensions previously mentioned lettering lines point objects delineated generalized manner sketch transferred card chapter illustration specific transfer techniques visuals black white reproduction rendered standard gray television board ink tempera markers gray pencil suitable mediums media production visuals reproduced color discussion wide range materials refer chapter illustration excellent medium colored cards specifically chapter mentioned paper called color aid material inch sheets intensely pigmented wide selection permanent hues shapes cut paper glued background board details added ink acrylics markers suitable mediums remember illustrations simple bold visuals overly detailed complex redrawn simplified results materials posters charts flip charts employed problem incorrect aspect ratios encountered proportion materials problem scene photographed includes live talent instance visual tripod talent refers aspect ratio approach unit standard difficult visual compromise
development holds promise audiovisual communication device traditional manner encode live canned programs real potential lies fact give viewer true interactive experience televison medium television part affair greatest criticism leveled detractors lives promise thing past videodiscs small flexible easily stored items appearance belies potential information disc encoded frame frame basis frame represented full rotation disc single frames represented side disc retrieved sequentially words program stopped single frame frozen screen additionally manual automatic search capability makes find short span specific frame need incorporating keyboard similar computer terminal function system interact limitless array simulated situations potential education correspondence home study variety exciting say initial application entertainment area educational potential popular toy recognized developed increasing number manufacturers system includes miniature computer type device attaches television set kind control permits individual interact program
human history divided haves today entire nations fall categories respect food increasing population nation produce plant products supply reasonable diet animal products play critical role human nutrition animals dependent plants dependency fact complex phenomenon called photosynthesis found exclusively green plants exception algae bacteria organism green plant autotrophic organism convert inorganic material nutritious organic material alter status nation land green developing effective system crop production significance green plants explained terms storage loss energy forms energy required maintain organization simple organization subatomic particles atom complex multilevel organization millions cells adult human energy energy enters ecosphere multitude forms solar radiation sunlight important fundamental source total energy entering ecosphere percent solar origin humans solar energy satisfy physiological needs converted usable forms photosynthesis amount solar energy reaching earth atmosphere staggering gram calories continuous daytime supply half million billion horsepower quantity percent directly produce food nearly energy food production forms enters food chain photosynthesis
recently nationwide survey university biologists collection concepts regarded important minor exceptions living things obtain energy directly indirectly sun process photosynthesis simple reasons responsibility plant scientists obtain understanding photosynthesis significant process inorganic compounds converted essential foodstuffs plants animals including process carried specific parts chloroplasts cells green plants term photosynthesis broken describes process photo means light synthesis means building photosynthesis means building light significant direct benefit photosynthetic process release oxygen plants respiration plants animals air percent oxygen green plants supply significant part basic process photosynthesis simple equation inorganic carbon dioxide combined water form carbohydrate light energy presence chlorophyll oxygen splitting water molecules product note carbohydrates composed carbon hydrogen oxygen ratio glucose pyruvate carbohydrates photosynthesis functionally reverse respiration respiration carbohydrates broken carbon dioxide water energy released energy stored atp hydrogen glucose reduces special hydrogen carriers photosynthesis carbon dioxide water combined form carbohydrates solar energy stored transferred bonds hold carbohydrate molecules
carbon hydrogen oxygen required synthesis carbohydrates photosynthesis carbon enters plant stomata form carbon dioxide air percent carbon dioxide times amount present air limit rate photosynthesis field increase concentration carbon dioxide increased greenhouses flowers tomatoes grown pumping gas carbon dioxide supplies oxygen required carbohydrate synthesis water hydrogen obtained molecules water split part light reactions photosynthesis chapter oxygen comes sources result water oxygen respiration leaves stems enters leaves stomata oxygen required normal respiratory activity roots comes air soil soil flooded adequate oxygen respiration roots normal root functions impeded ultimately flooded conditions persist entire plant weakened killed chapters sense oxygen plant adequate amounts soil flooded plant drowns nitrogen phosphorus potassium termed primary plant nutrients frequenly applied fertilizers nitrogen important frequently limiting plant nutrient generally enters plant form nitrate ion soil percent dry weight plant nitrogen nitrogen compounds nearly percent total dry matter plants nitrogen constituent amino acids proteins proteins coupled fats form membranes cells enzymes proteins
soils differ zonal soils young differentiated profiles characteristics soils greatly affected parent material important soil group order alluvial soils deep highly fertile soils developed result mineral deposits periodic flooding alluvial soils found flood plains nile mississippi rivers valley california areas rivers including fertile land yellowstone river montana soil groups soil order soils shallow soils formed bedrock soils form soft mineral deposits sands characteristics soils determined specific local factors parent material topography important soil groups order soils soils soils soils formed conditions poor soil drainage soils recognized bogs swamps soils formed arid areas poor drainage characteristically salty soils parts yellowstone river montana soils excessively high calcium soil groups describe precisely soil specific farm ranch potential highway site housing development system system classifies soils specifically series type soil series classification based characteristics soil profile soil types subsequently determined texture surface soil
irrigation methods classified aerial surface choice apply water crop depends crop irrigated topography land slope hills gullies type soil amount water applicability special equipment cost conserve water money accurate control water application essential sense apply water soil hold wasting water results minerals washed soil salt buildup soil soil erosion aerial irrigation generally refers sprinkler irrigation system sprinklers crops effective wide range topography flat rolling fields wide range soil types addition amount water applied sprinkler irrigation closely measured controlled major drawback sprinkler irrigation initial cost equipment distribution pipes risers individual sprinklers mounted sprinkler heads expensive cost pumping water increased high pressure pounds square inch required effective irrigation drawback sprinkler irrigation effect wind uniform water application calm days properly designed sprinkler arrangements extremely uniform irrigation light winds disrupt uniformity variety equipment sprinkler irrigation system permanent pipes risers sprinklers type installation generally limited small permanent pastures high income specialty crops hops benefits sprinkler irrigation realized permanent system flexibility equipment type system flexible common form sprinkler irrigation figure
insects plagued dawn history started cultivating plants storing food magnitude insect problem increased need insect control apparent earliest days agriculture sacrifice worship diverse gods proved ineffective controlling insect pests numbers enslaved workers forced capture kill insects field order save crop obviously effectiveness approach severely limited control large insects small area recently late nineteenth early twentieth centuries large horse drawn beaters employed stir insects captured huge scoop nets methods stirring heavy dusts suffocate insect pests tried general techniques met success regardless crop insect pest crop producer pest management expert consider factors initiate control foremost identify potential pest determine insects warrant type control decides insects damaging crop represent significant potential threat correlate cycle insect pest cycle crop determine stages development insect harm crop stages vulnerable types management control stages development crop vulnerable damage pest ascertain damage control measures crop predict control result losses caused insect prevention costly potentially damaging cure pest management
producers rely growing plants part income abreast development improved cultivars crop species plant breeders develop cultivars thrive specific sections country special types soil produce crop products meet specific market requirements producer select cultivar bred grow environmental conditions area satisfy production needs cold regions alfalfa producers select cultivars dormant winter approaches warm regions desired frequently farmers find lowest priced seed low quality necessarily economical seed suitable cultivar main criteria describing seed quality assuming seed cultivar purity percentage live seed germinate purity refers genetic cultivar purity measure degree seed free weed seeds seeds crops inert material rocks dirt twigs purity expressed percentage basis weight germination percentage expresses proportion total number seeds alive determined controlled tests actually counting number seeds germinate buying seed crop producer sure seed cultivar pure high germination percentage reliable seed firms label seed labeling laws vary cases label include percentage purity germination fullness desirable seed characteristic seed produce vigorous seedlings favorable conditions
essentially completed elongate markedly leaves grow length produce basal cluster rosette leaves growing points differentiate floral structures protected surface soil exposed leaf tissue moderately damaged frozen grazed causing irreparable damage crop yields reduced grazing fall sown cereals increases common practice areas supply fall forage increase cereal yields result prolific growing points injured destroyed late develop undesirable cereal crops grain late bear matures late disrupts harvesting high moisture content later maturing wet grain harvested stored earlier maturing drier grain storage losses due mold formation damage heating crop makes greatest demand soil moisture minerals jointing stage development burst growth elongate rapidly differentiated early stage development stress kind moisture deficiency mineral deficiencies disease result stunted plants maximum development developmental impediments crop produce barren poorly filled spikes unevenly filled ears corn maturity jointing completed pushed sheath boot uppermost leaf called flag leaf boot stage development immediately precedes emergence sheath flag leaf
corn leading cash crop united states producers approaches billion annually percent approximately million acres million ha planted harvested grain remaining acres harvested silage grazed forms forage percent entire crop livestock feed hogs primary consumers percent livestock beef cattle sheep poultry united states sweet corn produced fresh vegetable market processed frozen canned food land crop million acres north america corn considered mainly feed crop worldwide scale major food crop percent crop processed important products produced processed corn wet milling grain yields starches syrups media drugs feed production steep waters protein gluten oil feed supplements corn oil valuable cooking oil preparation foods livestock feed grain grain sorghum equal corn total nutritional sorghum slightly higher protein percent corn lower fat percent livestock gain efficiently corn grain sorghum hogs cattle require corn pound gain sorghum important forage roles types forage production discussed chapter united states grain sorghum important food crop notably africa recently plant breeders identified genetic factors high lysine content grain sorghum lysine amino acids synthesized humans human protein utilization plant breeders working develop high lysine cultivars grain sorghum grown high protein food crops
terms human nutrition cereals excellent sources energy starch comparatively poor sources protein genera legume family provide large amounts high quality protein figure protein field beans soybeans nutritionally complete supplemented methionine soybean meal chapter percent protein comparable sources animal protein expensive efficient produce peanuts exceptionally source high quality protein animal protein meat considered luxury countries rich plant resources afford feed plant products livestock indirectly consume plant product form meat amino acid requirements protein requirements believed satisfied meat animal products fully satisfied balanced cereal legume diet legume diet supplemented specific amino acids combinations soybeans rice wheat peas corn beans provide adequate balanced nutrition face increasing populations decreasing space produce food feed fiber plant protein direct human consumption increasingly important sources plant protein found legume family knowledge important plant family major genera essential plant scientists crop producers legume family consists species important edible legumes belong species genera common names edible legumes confuse generic relationships
peanuts grown southern areas planted earlier grown northern areas planting dates warm season crops reflect times soils warm support germination planting dates altered rain prevents preparation seeding operations deep south planting starts mid march spanish cultivars mature region seeding late end june late planting reduces yields areas plantings april early texas plantings closely follow planting times cotton march april table optimum planting times soil temperatures range planting commercial fields cotton corn planters special plates peanuts seeding rates depend factors growth habit cultivar bunch runner field spacing distance rows distance plants row bunch type cultivars seeded heavier rates runner types row spacings bunch types vary inches cm seed spacings vary inches cm row spacings runner types inches cm seed spacings inches cm seeding depths range inches cm heavier soils inches cm lighter soils large seeds seeding rates increase yields acre increase yield plant decreases percentage large seeds increases seeding rate increases seeding rate increased yields increased reducing distance rows inches cm reducing space seeds row
cotton agriculturally important member family species genus cultivated upland cotton short fibers inch cm inches cm length sea island egyptian types classified longer fibers inches cm cultivars species vary respect traits including fiber length strength generally cotton classified annual tropics plants short lived perennials plants grow heights feet cm develop deep taproot widely branching secondary root system branches formed axillary buds upper part main stem leaves large hairy simple lobes borne petioles stipules palmately veined buds present adjacent leaf vegetative bud extra axillary flower bud produces fruiting branch cotton indeterminate growth habit flowers borne alternate sides fruiting branches typically complete perfect figure leaflike bracts found base flower calyx composed large sepals large showy petals petal color varies white purple depending cultivar reddish purple dot present base petal stamens fused double row pistil pistil compound ovary composed fruit typical capsule seeds forty seeds fruit
unlike intermediate spikes seeds respects grasses similar morphological characteristics advantage adapted low moisture conditions higher elevations lower fertility alkaline soils plant generally produce seed elevations feet seed species large fairly high seeding rate pounds acres kg ha required large seeds vigorous seedling growth low susceptibility root rot seedling blight tall native southern europe asia minor grows saline meadows seashores coarse tufted perennial introduced north america early valued northern plains intermountain plateaus adapation alkaline soils resistance flooding develops growth spring autumn remains green summer tall produces palatable hay cut bloom seed production generally seeds ripen seed production higher elevations north recommended tall perennial bunchgrass erect blue green foliage species develops abundance basal leaves leaf blades firm flat loosely rolled prominently
effective improving poor quality permanent pastures found complete renovation fertilization reseeding renovation includes number steps requires greater investment money step destroy existing vegetation prepare step soil test determine fertilizer lime requirements recommended fertilizer lime applied seeding step select desirable species seed recommended rate depth chapter experimental attempts successfully renovate chemicals destroy existing vegetation reseeding directly grassland drill cost availability chemicals method impractical seeding adapted grass species fertilization adequate water give highest yields forage mixtures grasses legumes frequently yield total digestible nutrients acre seeding mixtures improve stand species affected hazards stand establishment adding legume improves forage quality especially protein content grass legume mixtures generally yield higher quality forage legumes grasses mixture higher protein content grasses grown exception grasses heavily nitrogen weed control mixtures problem legumes suffer damage heaving due frost planted mixtures grasses animals grazing mixtures fewer problems grass legume mixture frequently management decision advisable delay grazing pastures plants established
types hybrid corn cultivars grown commercially single cross hybrid resulting cross lines double cross hybrid resulting cross single crosses double cross cultivars popular recent trend grow single crosses adapted specific environmental conditions pattern crosses producing single double crosses cytoplasmic male sterile fertility system outlined figure types crosses hybrid seed produced growing rows male fertile plants interspersed rows cytoplasmic male sterile plants seed harvested male sterile plants seed hybrid pollen fertilized egg male fertile plant commercial seed produced method marketed crops grower saves seed produces planting crop hybrid corn hybrid cultivar hybrid result crossing lines uniform heterozygote seed hybrid produces grower ordinarily save crops produces reflect extremes segregation plants uniform comparable generation resulting plants developed cross pure lines cytoplasmic male sterility boon hybrid seed production hand practiced required developing hybrids parent plants sterility male sterility systems found wheat barley
pierre simon famous member french family typographers parts type cutter ornament designer music publishing innovator inventor point system type measurement pastry cook named role took peculiar delight ornamental pastry fine art teased replied fine arts sculpture painting ornamental pastry making architecture branch ornamental pastry making concern book advertising layout layout artist tongue cheek likely relegate architecture subordinate position layout matter put layout juxtaposition architecture relationship exists architect blueprint potential homeowner builder layout artist sketch advertising client printer skills produce class layout related skills design aesthetically satisfying building appliance painting advertising terrible thing happens says ads building activity pause advertising important sell merely want buy advertising bring informed decision buyer force strong feelings basic advertising textbooks wrestle term approaching marketing point view communications creative point view salesmanship print definition reason ignores electronic media commericals
principles design chapter layout advertisement pleasing visual experience viewer advertisement designed merely laid associate word design ordinarily ads meant stand period months department store ad appearing newspaper merely laid package trademark surely designed paraphrase matthew arnold definition journalism layout design hurry word advertising title book limits layouts arrangements meant help sell products services ideas offered advertisers kinds layout activity considered include makeup arrangement news editorial matter newspapers editorial design arrangement fiction nonfiction art book magazine publishers advertising layout makeup editorial design common american journalism admirable reasons draws hard line advertising news editorial workers field segregated workers book attempt cross line layout job crude form matter individual preference person charge church bulletin board chairman giant business tried hand laying ad pretending innocence heart knowing herb milton glaser designer accept barely disguised contempt advice artist telling dress sermons cut management costs layout vital part advertising entrusted unlearned complicated entrusted unskilled chapters
copy layout art directed set rules beginning copywriter find guidelines helpful write clearly reader understands copy important impressed style plain language concrete terms uninvolved short subject predicate sentences complicated rely occasionally sentence fragments sentence fragments overdone robert bach senior vice president creative services ayer makes observation simple truth advertising today complicated manner complicated matter complicated manner devious intricate verbal visual clever phrases designs complicated matter trying say advertisement advertisement simple matter simple manner evoke responses interest confusion costs money tolerate today parallel structure meaning clear copywriter points equal importance needs comparisons basic phrasing tasting faster acting lasts longer clearer tasting faster acting longer lasting allow sentences carry meanings meanings detrimental client clear line carries thought need advertiser meet need advertising council forest service promoted slogan help smokey bear prevent forest fires slogan vague misleading
copywriter rushed allowed sketch ad layout art important layout artist increased asked assistant turned help area director director art took added importance earliest art directors functioned primarily buyers picking paintings drawings artists placing top blocks copy deciding borders fence ads appropriately directors worked anonymously art directors club york held exhibition advertising art catalog named artists drew painted pictures mention ordered directed laid ad appeared club decide director deserved credit line award winning ads exhibition course art director recognized catalogs artist photographer client agency age design advertising bring prestige profession art directors club york started hall fame elected hall fame added advertising art directors magazine art directors members william golden paul rand woman member saul bass herb lou allan george art directors appreciate importance copy advertising copy chiefs appreciate importance art layout
allowed thumbtacks drawing table push tacks inside cover pad top left corners table tacks allowed understandable fasten corners inside cover table strips masking tape simply let pad rest lip tilted drawing table low board bothered strain throw cover sheet pad top drawing table exposed sheet ready hands tendency perspire put sheet paper underneath drawing hand moving perspiration paper smudges areas paper incapable receiving pencil medium protect underneath sheets indentations pressure drawing instrument cut sheet heavy white paper size slip underneath sheet working appreciate fact layout pad paper semitransparent rip sheet working feel ready adjustment layout slip sheet underneath sheet move trace parts original rough wish retain square squares larger sizes wood wood transparent edges metal plastic length layout pad width
space leave lines headline problem study headlines ads feel spacing usual error leave space words space lines approximating tone headline problem firmness pencil strokes remain constant tonal variations achieved decreasing increasing widths strokes varying pressure drawing tool paper surface copy effect area type want concerned copy actually says variety methods indicating copy suggest draw ordinary boxes write copy area paste proof copy set cut copy set job paste place acceptable ways handle copy indication rough layouts rule series thin parallel lines line type number lines column inch equal approximately number lines actual type depending size type plan ordinarily lines inch ruling lines firmly drawn sharp pencil ruling pen draw light pencil strokes barely seen measurements copy block help ruled lines square rule lines rule series thin parallel lines line type
want ruled lines show final printing rule pasting order avoid leftover rubber cement wax decide lines lines tape form pasteup photographed line art means kinds patching instance cover mistakes smudges white tape thing put pattern patch acts sort halftone screen shadow patch show printing line assuming color involved line material type proofs drawings run actual size put master sheet line art reduced enlarged simply noted sheet turned separate pieces photographed operation stripped place negative flats production workers photographs pasted place actual size platemaking process shot separately pasteup submit photographs separate units place pasteup draw black blocks represent pieces red thin plastic sheets art stores sheets specially purpose side waxed stick cameraman negative black red blocks transparent areas easily strip halftone negatives screening desirable prints photographs pasted place pasteup shot line
european type designers brought sans differed earlier sans vertical horizontal strokes varied slightly thickness rounds letters slightly squared terminals cut constant horizontal refer sans swiss known folio popular nearly eclipsed earlier sans reaction set designers spartan earlier sans compete swiss subheads book set modern sans related swiss beginning sixteenth century venice cut type called face italic roman face slanted slightly earned wide popularity beautiful face saved space italic letters designed narrower upright letters impairing readability typefaces today upright slanted italic versions slanted version differs considerably character upright relative italic job provide emphasis block copy sans faces roman face electra italics called patterned upright letters face listing difference electra comes normal cursive italic line set italics roman italics special set capital letters called caps terminal lines letters curve gracefully maybe consciously ordinary boundaries
display type involves tracing letters type specimen book lettering freehand approximate sizes experienced typographer working typesetting house quick look rough pick face size closest designer rendering course designer want disappointed resulting impact guidelines existing size reasonably close approximation widths letters thicknesses strokes designers type margin rough type size roughs finished include instructions headline set instance instruction read set extra tight photocomposition body type process complicated amount copy asked figure space decide amount space wish devote copy layout ask copywriter write fit learn literally backward forward copy adjust layout fit select smaller typeface remove leading lines ask writer prune copy short adjust layout select larger typeface leading ask writer add words let try problem couple pages typed copy space procedure solution follows count characters manuscript counting average number characters line multiplying average number lines jobs accurate ways determining number characters
closer colors wheel harmonious colors opposite wheel common complement mixed turn neutral gray staring color moving looking white sheet hint complement color featured sunlit setting shadow show evidence complement color job want color harmony colors adjacent color wheel want color contrast colors widely separated wheel designers shrink combining harmonious complementary colors single job avoid mixing warm cool colors colors harmonious complementary similarly cool warm color area design type researched falstaff brewing company instance studies lee research st louis found reds oranges yellows worked products direct mail point purchase packaging programs develop maybe born individual preferences color associates survey found adults blue favorite color wide margin red favorite color green studies show blues women reds ads meant read sex capitalize indulge color standpoint playing favorite favorite instance prefer subdued colors remember ad directed teenagers harsher brighter colors choice
settle black white color printing job adding color say blue color job blue called color color color color printing look magazine died noise offering advertisers color white sound compare pure white ink white magazine paper stock added white worth extra expense introduced colors magazines color silver ads colors give color range need primary colors green orange brown purple primary colors printed side side reader eye mixes transparent printed top change printing graphic designer works basically kinds color printing spot flat process process color color cameraman filters separates primary colors color original color transparency color print painting records separation film resultant negatives produce positive prints screen negatives screened negatives plates primary black combination colors give full color effect similar effect plates omitting black short cutting reserved newspaper process spot color artist separate colors printer offers artwork color sheet
note personal classified advertisement department women seek companionship national review nr extends maximum freedom column nr maximum freedom nr reserves reject copy deemed unsuitable peculiar magazine medium media set standards acceptable magazines tendency cater select audiences set greater variety restrictions cases adhered rigidly high paper postage costs beginning forced magazines begin accepting ads magazines include changing times modern maturity dynamic journal ms magazine found partially high postal rates affiliating ms foundation education communication gaining nonprofit status publisher pat carbine estimated move cut postal costs half smithsonian mother jones magazines similar arrangements earlier paper supplies remained problem magazines major consumer magazines coated stock began running ad sections uncoated polished stock giving affected advertisers discount magazines flexible advertising rates percent circulation coming newsstand sales began adjusting ads rates issue issue basis weeks circulation advertisers cash credit difference actual published circulation figures attempt lure advertisers pages esquire offered clutter guarantee full page ad faced full page ad advertiser refuse pay space editorial material occupy percent issue
combination marks combinations symbols lettering serviceable trademarks layout artist designed trademark element arrange combination mark symbol mark putting element set type trademark manufacturer single mark products single product firm basic design remain size rendering direction mood trademark change damage recall trademark appears sizes designer careful strokes stand enlargement reduction trademark designer makes common error makes roughs larger actual size weak line drawings types hairline field display design device takes shape circle oval triangle square rectangle diamond shield mark step geometric boundary stand unaided stronger mark unique silhouette marks confined frame enclosures kind low order trademark vitality late believed trademarks form shields joke insisted designing trademark artist precautions avoid need early revision avoid unusual typefaces happen popular scripts date quickly safest types romans designed sans patent office houses registration papers close quarters million trademarks agencies records
course front cover major attention designer important books front cover crucial lesser books spine captured attention front cover develop interest book advertised front cover jacket pictured means colors tones sizes chosen jacket reduced size ad limited black white reproduction important elements readable publisher decide feature prominently cover title author author wide call largest type largest element cover place title word omitted artwork takes secondary role type book jackets regard book jackets differ forms print advertising type carefully chosen drawn ingeniously spaced prominently displayed art book jacket colors subsidy publishers exposition vantage willing settle single color jacket days hapless authors pay publishing costs overwhelmed charges elements included front cover book title author full elements added include identification author title works blurb description book art clutter appeal cover sophisticated buyer field customers greater degree sophistication usual
package design market today compromise cost taste manufacturing design opinion standards imposed law original shapes dimensions raymond loewy observes looking packages found ethical drug business business produces handsome direct mail advertising addressed doctors looking packages found cosmetics technical electronics industries worst packages looks concerned produced food processers consumer goods companies packages handsome important package design firms landor associates san francisco responsible design estimated percent packages frozen food compartments grocery stores red slash sara lee boxes firm star armour meats design coming landor combination art psychology based partly instinct partly research design package grabbing customer eye wheels cart aisle supermarket wordless instantaneous telling customer product landor trade called positioning product writes san francisco chronicle reporter landor associates tries bring informality packages large corporation feel puts floral arrangements bottles jars produces abstractions birds initials tend look personal firm product personality design firm feels designer find dramatize package look tool package instance hurt sales
management concern organized society civilized history systematic study separate branch human knowledge fairly recent epoch management inquiry research largely developed century schools thought tried formulate underlying principles management early sumerians records clay tablets records applied management practices priests ur early babylonia implemented system strict control business enterprises codes hammurabi nebuchadnezzar instance color codes control production hanging gardens checks performed week yearly reward piecework established norms performance hebrews understanding hierarchy importance delegation reflected testament exodus chapter moses chose able israel heads rulers thousands rulers hundreds rulers fifties rulers tens judged seasons hard brought moses small matter judged construction pyramids accomplished working larger principle decentralized control illustrated fact control vested individual states egypt later pharaoh establish central control egyptians employed range planning staff advisers interpretations early egyptian extending bureaucratic states antiquity recognized importance organization administration similar records exist ancient china
planning behavior process process getting organization wants period setting predetermined course action deciding planning consists making decisions regarding courses action light established missions goals objectives information important reasons planning offset uncertainty change focus attention clearly defined objectives gain economical operation facilitate control course impossible impractical plan action organization want create planning attitude concept begin top implemented policies procedures projects programs library planning document today design tomorrow action outline steps starting continuing future period process leading written document discussed concerned idealistic attitude course feasible participate varied stages planning process degree involvement depends factors cost importance plan question perceived knowledge participants question interest plan organization informed plans taking shape involvement takes place greatest commitment achieved staff funding authorities agreement basic stage realistic expect written plan consistently guide members organization
improper selection faulty specifications objectives waste planning money result frustration entire planning activity futile library spell objectives relying totally organizations objectives determine policy planning organizational structure library represents end organizing staffing controlling aimed goal library survive stand let decline vigor produce services demand general objectives terms apply libraries type specific terms aimed service library clientele say objectives library provide book reader accurate objectives provide materials meet needs patrons attract highly qualified staff master plan achieve goals developed approved individual objectives assigned subordinate units organization execution units turn assign activities individual sections unit ideally unit executes plans simultaneously making consistent progress objectives keeping mind priorities established practice effectively person invest fulfilling objectives related interests losing sight priorities established unit instance major objective catalog department catalog current incoming materials
organizational process represents historical traditional method organizing companies industries libraries testing modified methods organization forms basically retain concept hierarchical triangle major authority top patterns organization replaced individual top executive committee final authority identifies modifications organization processes modifications based assumption employees organization perform fit action specifically prohibited policy action contributes organization goals objectives defines management processes process achieved delegating authority power decision making lowest point organization delegation authority supposedly increases employee initiative requires employees lower echelons organization accept responsibility actions concept affects top decision maker mentioned single final authority position group individuals participate making decisions affect total organization structure brings expertise decision making process individuals feeling responsibility chart concept organization called task force look small organizational units attached lines authority compares bunch grapes unit specific temporary task perform task completed group working specific project returns primary jobs
aim give historical overview library education important note school library economy started columbia college melvil dewey school moved albany york part york library library school inadequate developing profession early public libraries established training classes means training staff training classes required high school diploma admission lasted approximately months basically study programs students attended formal classes mornings worked afternoons evenings subjects cataloging circulation reference studied academic libraries developed service training programs potential staff library leaders recognized inadequate education library professional personnel recognized basis library education broad education liberal arts strong training classes moved public libraries academic institutions entrance requirements raised bachelor degree required basically library education study secondary school bachelor degree awarded course library education programs offered undergraduate majors minors today standard professional librarian professional study baccalaureate degree culminating awarding bachelor degree library science university denver graduate school changed degree offered study master arts
difficult measure activities activities library traditional methods assigned measurable task assign accurate classification cutter numbers subject headings prepare slip typists taking minutes title accuracy measured output spend minutes title suggested minutes generous difficult measure quality reference librarian supervisor check accuracy keeping record questions asked answers consuming process accomplished sampling basis patron satisfaction sampled questionnaires measurable factor present study measurement qualitative factors ernest de working type performance measurement lancaster summarized methodologies results hundred studies library service publication measurement evaluation library services emphasis performance emanates current emphasis accountability librarians performed established standards measure quality quantity performance lowell martin found structured test conducted study chicago public library reference questions asked branch librarians inaccurately incompletely answered suspects uncommon thomas childers study suffolk cooperative library system york found libraries studied period months actual answers form delivered document fact citation
supervisors want considered guys want part group manage recently major supervisor considered team joke tease employees sure creates problem discipline correct fire employee statement illustrates problem buddy supervisor supervisors maintain formal informal distance employees duty socialization contact official office company affairs employee supervisor distant cold uninterested employee welfare supervisor feels responsibility getting department accomplished rests shoulders concerned supervisors extremes granted types found organization create problems organization trouble employees individual guy discipline employee distant supervisor breaks barrier isolation christmas party behavior inconsistent previous supervisory patterns consistency behavior essential characteristic supervisors show friendship humor today distance tomorrow confuse employee undermine relationship supervisor blows tense situation quickly loses effectiveness supervisor individual loses control performs actions perform says things individual loser losing control fullest sense supervisor inconsistent point employees expect
expend effort achieve goal goal high scientific cultural significance energy put accomplish task theory unnatural repugnant millions involved cultures group activity entire families groups families cooperate growing harvesting food group participate defense group pressure group harder conscientiously slower group tempo group pressure strong motivating force identified hawthorne studies group lose social contact peers social discussed earlier needs group social contacts safety offers organizations composed units established perform specific tasks units vary size supervisor unit reality group workers striving achieve specific goals objectives supervisors look subordinates individuals problems attitudes forget employees constitute group group positively help establish achieve unit goals objectives theories motivation place emphasis power groups workers want kind organizational charts presented chapter appendix believes organizational unit functioning group interrelate groups large group striving achieve common goals
practicing librarians assigned responsibilities involve training employees trainee beginning clerical employee professional regardless level training accomplished professional librarian assumes greater role manager training major responsibilities concept training limited instructing individual specific steps essential achieving coordinated uniform product training broad spectrum presentation philosophies techniques essential community analysis term training intended cover total gamut instructing individuals job assigned job important employee performing task understanding important fits total endeavor institution perform employee understands appreciates job assigned task performed efficiently library institution levels training training receives parts training program individualized importance training based assumption informed employee employee assumption mind training programs suggested libraries able utilize suggested activities training expensive period cost institution returned quality performance soon employee hired general orientation meeting held general orientation employees regardless level place employment institution designed provide general information
library management expected shows identifiable characteristic serve set organizational management trends theories techniques introduced management literature slowly found libraries development traced look library literature librarian st louis public library stated duties chief executive library differ essential manager stock company librarian profit methods businessman arthur addressing zealand library association advocated adoption methods business efficiency operation library number librarians including charles williamson emphasized libraries industrial methods pointing attempted treat comprehensively principles philosophy library service library management period development scientific management school theories applied number industrial situations libraries attention paid application scientific management libraries donald coney emphasized approach stating scientific management furnishes library administrators instrument activities twenty later laurence kipp published article discussed application scientific management library operations period dissertation points scientific management receive attention libraries war ii ralph shaw began leading studies scientific management library operations late early study analyzed trends library management specialization integration specialties functional organization
special issues library trends effective resource allocation library management addresses issue accountability libraries evaluation library services examines evaluative techniques procedures librarians determine effectiveness programs surveys cost accounting systems analysis operations research pert systems design analysis libraries views systems analysis management tool seeking fundamentals situation applying study rigorous scientific methods aim finding optimal solution problems facing managers importance measurement evaluation library services continues receive attention evidenced major works topic works give art resources support nationwide library program commissioned sponsored addresses structure governance networks dated library networks promise performance emphasizes need developing networks include types libraries latest networks takes comprehensive view date problems potentials library unit contributing continuing basis study library management association research libraries university library management studies office publishes occasional papers relevant topics management studies office publishes systems procedures exchange center flyers mentioned analytical study note columbia university libraries finally importantly issue women minorities managers developing
united states census defines family group persons related birth marriage adoption residing material book based information gathered researchers definition definition permits collection general statistics tells important features family relationships feel feel family interact rest society interact words concept family legal marriage birth adoption common residence book concerned personal social feelings behaviors related family living ways family rules roles emerge common problems families ways dealing problems popular definition marriage institutionalized process women begin generally maintain mutual relationship suitable purpose founding sustaining family questions raised applicability definition modern american society marriage concerned public legitimation sexual relationships cohabitation founding sustenance family marriage exist number children part marry intention remaining childless members couple sterile subject personal social pressures represent married intend live
partly concerns effects social change marriage family partly problems noted earlier prompt general concern research areas marriage family problem oriented estimated studies investigating families positive nature concerned problems marriage family research contributed understanding family enduring unit research successful marriages families needed complete picture hundreds studies yielded steady supply facts recently fact marriage family research facts short theory researchers borrowed theories disciplines help interpret facts derived marriage family research recently field marriage family generated theories addition existing theories advantage explaining contemporary family expected trends past decade marriage family theories sophisticated expanded include dozens minor theories attempt interpret findings subjects peripherally related book references contemporary theories phenomena family general agreement theories offer possibilities explaining family behavior chosen explaining aspects marriage family theories viewed statements attempt explain findings pieces research related systems ideas link concepts order explain related facts attempt demonstrate effect suggest areas research sharpen initial theory frequently theories conflict
women child rearing home help support family unit result middle class women gender roles beginning challenge traditional notions femininity socialized believe especially suggest homemaking child rearing primarily woman obligation earning living province males recent survey family relations professionals consider shift women roles greater involvement women activities significant affect american family typical comments impact women changing gender roles influence women movement encouraging growth women leads discontent status quo seen oppressive women ready independent women relationships demanding women change definitions femininity sex role behavior change vice versa signs women today involved past affecting sex necessarily lead observers reactions woman noted find difficult accept changing definitions femininity difficult adjust women roles reacted anger early feminists feel improve position expense responsibilities supporting wife children seriously worked hours end understandably resented labeled male pigs felt uneasy capability carrying role family decision maker appeared questioned
learn attracts socialization ongoing process establishing ways relating child begins process socialization family born course choose family members ways relating persons family child asked parents rich poor black brown residents chicago later alternative learning ways family born family patterns deeply ingrained early childhood resist learning later family young child learns behaviors making special kinds sounds affect behaviors eventually learns language communicate child learns smiles frowns hits hides kisses cuddles child experiencing feelings interactions place feelings directly observable inferred child behaviors feelings love hate anger comfort natural rarely analyze ways learned responses situations easier deal consistent orderly definitions change minute minute tend generalize stereotype feelings groups form takes love blonds hate women feeling entire category leads ineffective inappropriate behaviors clearly members category going identical
controversial questions posed searched definition cohabiting couple woman live order qualify suggested months research studies number nights week continuous period criterion likely definition cohabitation include persons consider merely exclude consider living days intend relationship continuous counting numbers couples meet specifications set unrelated opposite sex legally married sharing bedroom number nights period resulted definition numerically small proportion couple households cohabiting figure percent percentage low general population estimates growing rapidly instance number half ten later increase reported percent cohabitation found age groups prevalence college aged young adults grown rapidly incidence general population research suggests approximately percent college undergraduates united states today percent say person study found percent young aged twenty thirty months research carried regions united states percentages comparable region region
exchange theory widely accepted explanation interpersonal attraction chapter part murstein stimulus role theory general attraction exchange theory posits free choice situation attraction interaction depend exchange assets liabilities parties brings situation theory holds basis continuing relationship partners believes relationship cost exchange theory developed mate selection theory interesting implications understanding choose mates theory implies looking mates idea maximize chances rewarding marriage partners wind equal abilities reward believe deal offer choose resources traits valuable words person compares assets liabilities potential partner comparison level exchange likely disqualified variation exchange theory explaining mate selection equity simple terms equity fairness believe fair benefits relationship proportion give relationship giving partner measured ways complex fairness equality instance agreement partner spend number dollars apartment rent unfair partner income lower equal number hours
family experts report power balance partners key factor couples decisions study marital power decision making patterns subject research beginning study couples published decisions car buy vacation set household budgets analyzed discovered partner resources earning power education information decisions resource theory family power termed took account kinds resources skills social status physical attractiveness assets theory postulated partner perceived control assets gave decisions recent studies power relation decision making added resource theory suggesting bases power include couple consider authority structure husbands wives cultural definitions decision making power religious doctrines designate husbands final authorities major contested decisions decision making patterns racial ethnic groups studied stereotype black family shown lack validity pattern equality decision making rule fact black middle class couples share power white middle class couples source power shown stem partner respective level dependence degree involvement relationship wife financially dependent husband defer wishes source income
wealth research attempted explain fifteen nineteen age group high rate illegitimacy factor females sexually active earlier age age nineteen percent females report experiencing intercourse unlikely sexually active teenagers married percent age nineteen married children conceived sexually active females age category likely born wedlock result diets general increase health american girls today begin menstruate nearly earlier grandmothers indicating possibility earlier pregnancy important factors teenage pregnancies teenagers likely informed reproduction contraception older persons situation improving sex education courses offered high schools unfortunately actually focused reproduction babies grow uterus place national survey young women percent single fifteen nineteen females reported course included instruction menstrual cycle pregnancy impression necessity contraceptives pregnancy avoided courses social skills discussing contraceptive partner likely totally topic factor accounting current number teenage pregnancies learning contraception classroom cry purchasing correctly devices begin sexual activity young women report resist idea going date prepared eliminates spontaneity feel calculating
chemicals banned united states tested satisfy food drug administration widely contraceptives countries injection lasts months skin released capsules progesterone remain effective tested united states called morning pill country infrequently injection series pills high levels artificial estrogen speeds progress ova uterus arrive lining uterus prepared implantation high estrogen doses shock system women report unpleasant effects nausea seriously artificial estrogen des linked presence cell abnormalities daughters women drug prevent miscarriages sons women show abnormalities male birth control pills tested parts experimental basis pills reported produce undesirable effects impaired liver function cardiovascular problems recommended health organization recent reports encouraging acceptable male birth control pills developed future promising avenues research contraception reported china substance found interfere sperm development experimenters attempting produce antibodies sperm develop vasectomy major type chemical contraception
couples experiencing birth children expect important ways relating interesting analysis modes change emerging families choose proposed family therapist jack environment children born space space vacuum brought fill factors determine context present family birth force evenly populated women comparable shift domestic sphere leaves children relationship effect outcome adults place lives children believes families room children kind intimacy represents favorable environment flourishing children maintenance marital relationship adjustments child born reason ask asked uncounted numbers parents plan children roll clock begin marriages replied days children behavior tried patience saint occasions answer resounding parents felt negative parents admission points fact suited parenthood parents reported highs lows problems parenthood children part lives imagine childless
studies parent child relations typically concerned influences mother child early research heavy emphasis mother child interaction fathers picture fact word parenting recent origin replaced mothering exclusively recently current research recognizes fathers play roles significant parenting mothers fathers spend children influence shows increasing impact parents blamed praised children develop fathers declared mothers opportunity competent enthusiastic taking care children mothers homes father role important support mother primary caretaker father occasional disciplinarian chief wage earner financial support family tendency families assume providing financial support equivalent father recently notion seriously called question realization earning living fact frequently interfered father role short ago research project explored family roles including participation housework child care found involved family half hours child care occupying short period roles extent blamed minimal involvement authors cited parental differentiation women home took major child rearing responsibilities took major financial responsibilities increasing numbers women employed taking active parenting roles
studies shown women lower levels homemakers report stress marital satisfaction women background working home hypothesized husbands helpful supportive lower socioeconomic level women nearly responsibility home low income national average earned entirely husband enable wife satisfied marriage earns portion meet minimum standards studies determine effects wife employment lack employment husband satisfaction marriage study revealed wives employed experience marital discord stress kinds stress wives homemakers fact reported extra income relieved deal stress study interesting discovery likely stress dual worker families wife worked interview stress housewife previously employed transition role adjustments husband real stressors hypothesized strain husband resulting marital dissatisfaction wife job earns money proud pleased money questions raised feelings envy loss esteem
approximately twelve million persons sixty married bulk divorced widowed percent population marry times women category plurality approximately million women research aging single persons centered women found loneliness commonly problem study hundred elderly widows rural area south carolina found loneliness tied closely friends neighboring lack family involvement friends neighbors provided avenues daily activities meetings shopping visiting importance friends neighbors problems widowed friends remarks frequently outlived friends remaining relied unpredictable health problems study older rural widows showed social circumstances weighed heavily determining loneliness problem basic element social contact determined loneliness quality number contacts widow ability adjust role widow adapt relationships closely related level ego development adjustment hinge widow conception role seen primarily wife loss status traumatic woman sources identity give continuity meaning studies point impact physical mental health elderly lonely studies shown real perceived poor health important factor emotional social withdrawal
scale sample profile defined operationally agreement items belief love slowly growing care person building marriage close association period important define love high score scale seventy percentile mark means belief eventually grow love begun relationship friends initial rapport mentions wheel theory clearly seen important element share definition love rapport based mutual sharing thoughtfulness enjoyment spent deal common physical attraction sexual urgency seldom paramount importance true love definition persons ideas love strong measure friends meaning believe sex deferred love established defer natural extension deep caring grown persons believe love acknowledge personal decisions partners agree believe lovers respect personal dignity differences opinion arguments threatening love relationship believe love anxious partner temporary absence business family visit instance believe lovers concern partners understand partners behaviors
expensive items cars major household appliances furniture vacations paid credit installments payments include regular cost item service interest charges insurance deemed credit buying involves high interest rates percent unpaid balance month percent true annual interest compounded monthly retailers required specifically finance charges states limit ultimately charge countless cases fees run percent true annual interest credit issuers balloon payments end contract meaning customer pays small monthly payments date entire balance paid wise read contract carefully copy contracts add clause providing items purchased repossessed paid promptly matter total amount collected understand contract qualified person look cancel contract limit allowed parts wish agree generally recommended kind credit established credit wisely paying bills due establishes credit rating future date major purchases thousand credit bureaus united states files credit users credit rating based past credit history current capability paying purchased credit capital worth
forms marriage familiar marriage woman cultures marriage consist women commonly woman couples today prepare agreements expect marriage agreements formally written premarital contracts couples sign think institution marriage process getting married influenced series images reflect personal experiences culture combination conjure specific fantasies courtship period woman making marriage commitment image marriage woman institution husband wife form seeing assume marriage kind chemistry physical emotional attraction partners reared culture united states surely think decision marry voluntary decision province prospective bride groom parental permission required images true culture exceptions rule larger social cultural historical picture truth institution marriage assumes forms selection marriage partner variations ceremonies mark beginning marriage ask chose persons married plan choose decide marry
brenda eddie dating decided want engaged married finishes college brenda lives large brownstone parents paternal grandparents maternal grandmother paternal aunt uncle married cousin cousin children relatives including brother sisters block eddie lives parents family members brenda eddie tell families engagement plans reactions mixed eddie tells parents casually exactly asking permission feel needs don object pleased telling brenda family low quality eddie family successful business wish marry family say brenda approaches family tell ask permission knows family support ahead plans matter loves eddie approaches parents grandparents tentative responses cautious conferring days eddie kind fellow want welcome family look working comes business family want children want brenda college education brenda anxiously awaits approval brenda important part large kinship network eddie
kin groups tend marry group chapter discussion members close distant family marry kin groups common set religious obligations religion property ownership outright residual rights property held individual members kin group groups important generally reciprocal rights obligations mutual aid hospitality members kin group required members society expect things kin finally kin group set economic enterprise government short defined group society kin group engage activities advantage common identity serve bind closely descent matrilineal case descent traced exclusively male line predominance ties son father grandfather grandfather relationships mother family tracing lineage determining inheritance essentially descent course recognition priority claims social obligations mother kin strangers generally societies ignorant biological contributions mother kin child assert kinship social relationship strictly limited biological inheritance defining social structure generally takes inheritance account
let begin defining sexual attraction separately physical attractiveness say sexual attraction bodily feeling arousal prompts fantasy type fantasies bodily feelings encourages differ person person situation situation dr robert psychiatrist school medicine developed fascinating psychodynamic theory sexual arousal helps understand sexually attracted persons says sexual excitement reawakening scenario mind childhood scenario person convert painful feelings resolving psychological conflict childhood primarily attracted timid women recoil sexual advances type woman turn unconscious fear sexually adventurous women fear goes childhood scenario frightening woman sexual boldness pleasure produces excitement fear woman brings pain theory basis say person high scenario examine fundamental phenomenon physical attractiveness find consider physically attractive sexually attractive trigger minds sexual fantasies conditioned associate physical attractiveness sexual arousal cultural stereotypes real difference physical attractiveness condition body measured strictly cultural ideal expression personality
main emphasis complete fulfillment potentiality fulfillment accompanied feeling satisfaction personal worth humanist says fall love help main proponents humanistic position carl rogers abraham maslow rogers says universal needs need positive regard need regard need positive regard develops awareness emerges early individual need leads individual desire acceptance love important accept conditionally love accept person unconditionally love matter offering rogers calls unconditional positive regard person needs positive regard need regard develops experiences satisfaction frustration need positive regard person experiences unconditional positive regard regard unconditional represents genuine psychological adjustment full functioning unfortunately achieve ideal adjustment inevitably child need retain love parents conflicts individual needs conflict occurs according rogers children begin avoid deny completely experiences learned worthy positive regard try think parents want reaction affect kind fall love later
adolescent young person begins establish identity nuclear family orientation dramatic social roles explored roles increasingly exclusively defined peer group goodman important reason adolescent search identity major developmental task adolescence complicated fact adult place adolescent peer group adolescents find share circumstances problems reasonable adolescent seek approval ruth lyell pp aptly points sense identity disturbed adolescence culturally valued adolescent looked confusion identity problems follow elders generally indifferent thinks approval acceptance rarely sought adults merely tolerated face face interaction seriously peers activities adolescents culturally valued activities directly related adolescent sexual awareness interests homosexual heterosexual experiences necessarily intercourse adolescent experiences constitute important part adolescent socialization look adolescent sexual socialization pay special attention roles learned interaction family peer group socializing agents sexual attitudes roles behaviors developed biological characterize beginning adolescence puberty interact cultural factors form basis adolescent sexual socialization aubrey
bernard murstein developed theory replaced winch widely accepted today murstein recent publications including marry investigated evaluated literature makes murstein theory especially valuable substantial empirical documentation recognizes mate selection fluid dynamic process involve factors stages final selection murstein takes account importance social role process look theory reflect stages mate selection process stimulus role theory commonly abbreviated states marital choice involves series sequential stages labeled stimulus role point relationship determined function equality exchange subjectively experienced participants murstein pp means simply beginning relationship important stimulus person michael turns harriet friends think date constitute sufficient reasons begin dating relationship progresses personal values held partner important harriet begins recognize michael commitment social change personal sacrifice common realizes directly conflicts wish marry lot money later considerations role paramount initially interested physically attractive stimulus enjoy high prestige position social situations serves stimulate interest
wide scale social premarital adolescent sexual behavior discussed chapter expectations marital sex roles traditional set role expectations sexually aggressive partner woman childbearing impulsive expectation women entered marriage slowly giving flexible individual adaptable range roles roles greater potential offer partners terms increased levels sexual emotional satisfaction recognize unique needs partners despite large minority existing marriages elements traditional sex role practices noted earlier women socialized sexually difference account tend approach sex styles experience sexual feelings ways aroused kinds fantasies perceive sexually related situations vantage points basic differences extend superficial levels observation profound levels experiencing responsible directly indirectly perennial battle sexes hear basic differences profound implications development marital sex roles socialization culture leads important differences ways women perceive sex differences potential lead language reflects bias sex involves taking woman involves giving socially boy engages sex gained girl engages sex lost sacrificed
married sheila want family want career fine makes happy sure born raised small town ohio seen happens fellow goes wife stays home bit bored stimulated woman subservient reflecting robert dynamic handsome market research expert married english wife sheila camera fashion artist ago sharing task bringing daughters fiona alexandra think cut care children domesticated full adds sheila need stimulated wasn easy carry children pressure wearing especially home free lance bob liberated don think realizes noticed telling fiona history stories bedtime selects tales famous women sided success built bob understanding attitude running households weekend country house miles city apartment run run treat job plans insists confusion city compounded confusion end country responsibilities include hiring firing live look children organizing involved country house things arranging carpets cleaned
period pregnancy terminates childbirth infant delivered delivery takes place process called labor mother helper midwife doctor nurse father baby body safest baby fully developed pounds small opening cervix narrow birth canal difficult impossible trip reason surgeons insertion mother abdomen open uterus baby process known section named unproven assertion julius caesar delivered infant able partly complete trip doctors forceps pull baby birth canal labor divided stages stage longest lasting hours typically hours stage narrow opening neck uterus called cervix expand dilate allow baby measurement inserting fingers vagina expressed finger widths correctly measured centimeters fully closed gradually dilates finger fingers fingers fingers centimeters inches fingers baby ready pass stage cervical dilation baby actually passes birth canal comes
population control direct expression social policy family planning result individual family decisionmaking course contraception ways society controlling birth rate personal ways population policy include encouraging discouraging laws customs incidence age marriage making financially advantageous disadvantageous marry providing financial incentives children children areas domestic government concern fiscal policies housing health agriculture transportation instance society makes financially lucrative tax structure couples living tentative basis encouraged marry children society wants lower birth rate option cases moderate term devices considerable lag societal action effects individual decisions terms contraceptive usage society acts ways affect population fertility control development availability contraceptives depends large part support research dissemination efforts receive government charitable social agencies media representatives societal interests india lowering birth rate major social priority government pays manufacture insertion iuds rewards woman financially inserted likewise transistor radio agreeing sterilization united states publicly supported family planning clinics demonstrated highly effective providing contraception lowering incident unplanned pregnancies gillespie
put room desired speak give food drink clock morning visited hour spoke kindest tones offering bread putting arms remained obstinate yield hair breadth bed twenty hours eaten woke morning offered shunned offers kindness truly object pity fasted thirty hours eyes wan sunken breath hot feverish voice feeble wailing remained obstinate continued till clock hunger overcame took piece bread added cup milk hoped labor accomplished rightly judged ate bread greedily offered refused ceased feeding course discipline left crib visited intervals clock saturday found began view condition true light tones voice weeping passionate appearance bemoaning remained obstinate clearly abortive efforts
acceptable reasons divorce vary culture culture rites divorce jewish moslem law need give reason wanting divorce wife follows detailed procedures making known divorced according orthodox moslem law husband simply repeats times public wants divorce divorced wife say matter hindostan husband dissolve marriage calling wife mother mace mace matrilineal society hand woman divorce husband simply placing belongings front veranda rites divorce easy sided catholic church extreme prohibits divorce reason extreme cases marriage annulled church ritual meaning effect marriage actually took place marriage surrounded customs enable newly married couple present socially pair divorce requires type social presentation kind paired relationship subject dissolution divorce special case public side established pairs unrecorded unrecognized points marital public status divorced simply married divorce confers special social status individual continues data dissolution friendships large literature marital separation data divorce strongly culturally controlled terms attitude rate
divorced lars married bob divorced judy married rex lars proceeded marry ruth divorced sal married anne sound mary hartman mary hartman actually family green west part divorcing lars marrying bob greene involved kids residing total households early greenes overcome problems familiar wed instance dealing kids daughters son endured remarriage financial strain investment banker bob says divorce investment financially speaking course departed terms highly favorable wife enormously money marriage unexpected problem personal dealings extended family husbands wives steps fathers mothers sons daughters wife instance says friendlier spouse wife remain terms daughters son depressed dad stepdaughter goes intrigued problems founded step foundation west end ave functions publicize professional help counsels problem beset drawing complex charts families effort explain re getting sense humor helps handle confusion caused continually getting divorced remarried recently instance gave birth
trends recent prepare marriage family entering marriage approached general increasing emphasis institutionally supported preparation marriage parenthood schools civic religious organizations provide guidance reading material helps young assess future prospects readily colleges offer courses emphasize effective understanding marital roles entail courses practical problem solving oriented offering information areas potential conflict premarital sex birth control extramarital affairs financial management wife earnings alcohol problems family knox knox kind preparation courses parenting offered high schools colleges provide young entering marriage information parents information put practice family reasons cynicism late fact entering marriage getting divorced longer view marriage inevitably permanent young especially willing marriages succeed includes growing phenomenon couples groups growth groups help books private marriage therapy today recognize marriage continually worked natural path lifelong happiness taking vows certainly generate equal number interesting questions future family tried limit discussed frequently asked students interesting exercise questions answers
modern stress seldom physical body reaction frightens today boss threatens fire teacher undeserved low grade stresses supposed fight run cave dweller smile enemy suppress fear heart races feel pounding hormones flood bloodstream glucose fat fat fuel muscles ends clinging walls arteries harden bring cardiovascular disease number enemy today eating tiger cave disease modern civilization atherosclerosis fat accumulation arteries incur strain heart leads heart attacks overexertion paired high blood pressure feel threatened upset run scream punch pillow fuel exercise heart muscles geared action experience stress threat experience stress exercise earlier times amount heavy physical activity built lives past fifty industrialized countries automobile extension legs walking school ride arrive sit desk stand assembly line spend hours evening studying watching television generation ago children played games outdoors hours neighborhood children sit passively front television set watching perform
taking products risky reasons monitored held defined standards government agencies packaged labeled foods natural toxins moderation sassafras liver toxin overuse ginseng produces cluster symptoms including high low blood pressure nervousness sleeplessness diarrhea depression confusion popular herb chamomile shock journal american medical association warns physician readers food poisoning symptoms mind possibility teas natural food stores involved american public unaware potential dangers products assume accustomed fact foods purchased retail stores generally tested approved human plant products tested effects body fully understood effects simply unknown majority casual purchasers unfortunately food drug administration fda authority require labels cumbersome product product procedure fall plants reported deaths illnesses western hemisphere apparently cases food borne illness attributed consumption legally permitted levels artificial additives processed foods health foods innocent charges honey honey susceptible growth bacterial spores produce deadly botulism toxin small amounts involved constitute risk infants age fed honey
considerable savings cost surveys achieved number indicators reduced loss valuable information retrospective analysis ten survey data shows included included survey deficiency common vitamin deficiency nationwide food consumption survey conducted kind food eating home home finding resulting survey confirmed suspicions existed eating large quantities food calories fat getting fatter food consumption appears low level mean extraordinarily inactive average woman consuming foods typically obtain rda nutrients calorie allowance obtains major surveys discussed conducted suggested nutrition found poor due greater variety foods resulted greater opportunity selection errors short supply nutrients society stems inability pay choose choose brings important subject personal choices subject chapter discussed chapters individual nutrients introduced importance shown surveys revealed nutrient deficiencies diets united states developed countries problem light equally nutrients
proteins undergo alteration heat alcohol acids salts heavy metals everyday reactions harmful effects protein cooking egg proteins egg makes appetizing digestible alcohol effective agent sterilizing skin preparation medical procedure alcohol penetrates proteins bacteria alters structure destroys principal protein cow milk casein altered hydrochloric acid stomach accessible digestive enzymes known poisons salts heavy metals mercury silver alter structure protein touch common aid remedy swallowing heavy metal poison drink milk poison acts protein milk protein tissues mouth esophagus stomach vomiting induced expel poison variety proteins due infinite number sequences amino acids consider size dictionary word constructed twenty letters visualize variety proteins designed twenty amino acids unlike letters word alternate consonant vowel sounds amino acids protein need follow rules restriction length chain amino acids proteins english words sequences amino acids protein molecule exquisite order precision
hospital patients liquid protein milk formula digest protein disease affecting supply digestive enzymes pancreas choice partially digested protein individual amino acids pancreas secrete digestive enzymes stimulated proteins effectively mixtures single amino acids findings suggest griffith belief founded digestive system equipped handle protein amino acid mixtures amino acids body surely entered bloodstream body tell amino acid units protein protein apparently experimentation question begun experiment showed human subjects retained nitrogen fed diets rice wheat fed amino acids crystalline form body tell difference amino acids liberated protein ordered sequence matches timing protein synthesis cells protein necessarily mean amino acid mixtures bad apparently disadvantages amino acid mixtures attractive water proteins draw fluid intestine causing cramping diarrhea absorbed simultaneously wasted reach high levels blood nausea vomiting
weight loss consist fat loss lean body mass preserved dietary protein supplied diet calories protein broken energy carbohydrate fat protein sparing fast depends liquid protein hazardous health threaten causing heart damage effective achieving term fat loss balanced low calorie diet alternative fewer calories case hospital patient fed vein protein sparing therapy pharmaceutical amino acid preparations choice providing number calories glucose compute energy balance weight gain loss compute calorie input expenditure input estimated conveniently exchange system method involves learning individual calorie values exchange groups expenditure computed adding components energy needed basal metabolism major contributor energy output energy needed muscular activities small amount energy needed assimilate food component altered choice affect energy balance input versus output basis weight loss achieved energy input controlled chapter study offers practice estimating input output sides energy equation exercise detailed method determining daily energy output exercise short thing
precise role vitamin plays cells investigated importance general functions known primary function vitamin regulation body handling calcium phosphorus promotes absorption minerals intestine movement storage bones deposition teeth prevention excretion maintenance levels blood vitamin deficiency rickets lack vitamin calcium poorly absorbed bones weak noticeable deformity bowing leg bones weight child adults comparable deficiency disease calcium withdrawn bones making brittle easy break satisfactory tables vitamin content foods natural food sources vitamin fish oils cod liver oil butter cream egg yolk liver united states milk fluid dried evaporated fortified vitamin milk naturally rich source vitamin percent cream ideal vehicle supplemental amounts main source calcium children breakfast cereals fortified vitamin labels natural food sources vitamin vary seasons spring summer contents significantly higher amount vitamin received sunlight higher summertime ultraviolet rays sun rays promote vitamin formation skin filtered clouds smoke smog clothing window glass window screens
earnestly want find nutrition information valid effective strategies disposal willing expend energy check credentials speaker inquiry telephone institution claims gotten degree likely informative find reality reputation institution higher learning library ask directory colleges universities case organizations encyclopedia associations reading published nutrition information seekers truth information simply asking published newspaper article book written public textbook report scientific journal newspapers pride keeping public informed try print truth perceive welcome opportunity break sensational stories confirmed stand gain report findings lose publishing misinformation newspaper article lead interesting reading support conversation books written public written money vary widely reliability seeing statement black white pages book guarantee fact book writers punished law publishing misinformation court case shows caused bodily harm protection afforded amendment freedom press prey public products books
iron deficiency anemia nutritional red blood cells hemoglobin lose ability hold oxygen oxygen delivered body cells body operate lowered energy symptoms iron deficiency expect tiredness apathy sample iron deficient blood examined microscope shows smaller cells lighter red normal cells diagnose iron deficiency physician measures blood hemoglobin level mass red blood cells affected developing iron deficiency affect body tissues including brain researchers acquainted iron learned plays roles body including brain earlier appreciated iron works enzyme helps neurotransmitters substances carry messages nerve cell children deprived iron show psychological disturbances decreased attentiveness reduced iq symptoms body iron level begins fall disappear iron intake increased curious side effect seen iron deficient subjects appetite ice clay starch substances known eat trays ice behavior observed especially women children low income groups pica pica clears dramatically days iron red blood cells respond iron deficiency anemia major health problem united states canada rest
basis present evidence saccharin able cancer possibly male animals certainly low probability risk cancer females exposed saccharin generation risk risk offspring females saccharin pregnancy exposed entire duration pregnancy conception comparison known potent carcinogen contaminant peanut products caused mold grow saccharin millionth strong putting familiar terms according rough calculation diet soft drink eighty times dangerous single cigarette extremely rough approximations animal experiments give rough qualitative yes answer question tell quantitative carcinogenic substance depending model carcinogenic risk predicted number cancer cases lifetime million exposed varies million fold range estimates vary significant risk essentially significant large real number nitrite original experiment caused ban reviewed doubt cast validity nitrites combine stomach form nitrosamines carcinogenic converted metabolism cancer lymphatic system immune system rats reduce oxygen carrying protein blood hemoglobin ineffective form
introduction solid foods wait baby reached age months experience needed help normal swallowing reflex develop earlier undesirable effects displacing breast milk formula perfectly balanced diet young baby increasing decreasing calorie intake upsetting physiological course normal weight childhood establishing habit overeating months transition breast milk formula fluid milk vitamin iron need supplied food parents want feed solids earlier age theory stuffing baby bedtime likely sleep night proof theory babies start sleep night average age weeks regardless solid foods introduced discourage development behaviors attitudes plague obese parents avoid teaching babies seek food reward expect food comfort unhappiness associate food deprivation punishment cry thirst water milk juice baby internal calorie counter stops eating stomach full low calorie foods provide bulk satisfying recommendations thought idea infants started prudent diet designed lines recommended heart patients means restricting fat diet increasing ratio polyunsaturated saturated fat reducing cholesterol intake
children respond foods look messy matter conjecture parents need aware children feel honor feelings children prefer vegetables slightly undercooked crunchy bright color served separately easy eat warm hot child mouth sensitive adult flavor mild child taste buds smooth foods mashed potatoes pea soup lumps child wonders disgust lumps irrational fear strangeness parent realize practically universal children built biological basis children eat tables served portions food love eat children observed stay table longer eat company peers bright unhurried atmosphere free conflict conducive appetite parents serve food relaxed casual manner anxiety provide emotional climate child negative emotions minimized ideally meal preceded activity child looks forward number schools discovered children eat lunch recess occurs meal recess likely hurry play leaving food plates hungry eaten sitting eat small children helped clean washing hands faces enjoy meal clean feeling
basic premise book communication activity activity originate heads communication foremost activity deal control improved purpose book improve communication ability ability influence environment hope help solve communication problems easily effectively exchanging ideas emotions experiences birth solving communication problems measure success doubt continue aid formal training chances communication activities matters habit conscious study improve communication patterns follows improve study practice motivated improve personally real need communication gain grow training experience reaffirm axiom speech important everyday existence need stock waking hours importance communication reflect consider normal discover communication engaged activities attempted share internal instant human studies estimate spend percent waking hours engaging communication act gift speech fact benefit ability speak reasonable effectiveness
addition paying attention ethical listener creates listening atmosphere encourage speakers job listener send speakers negative feedback looking window doodling frowning bound nervous tense delivering talks sending positive feedback attentive help speaker relax follows speeches delivered accurate short remind circular nature communication act speaker listener interdependent touch touch sudden shift emphasis moving theory practice point tried explain theory human communication understanding communication works communication activity persons engage focus attention look aspects communication concerned practical phases human communication function theory practice perceived natural orderly progression major philosophical leap communication ethics leads conclusion effective communicator goal sharing ideas information persons short part communication influence let talk develop skills contribute greater efficiency carrying influence effective speaking person large group demands careful thought preparation
manuscript mode delivery preparation situations constraints demand speech fit specific period manuscript speech luxury keeping speech assigned limits importance meeting limitations illustrated demands television allotted ten minutes television eleven attempt extra apt cut air manuscript speech prepared practiced timed advance easily meet specific requirements disadvantages type delivery marked disadvantage lose sight importance communication read remarks times fail establish rapport listeners manuscript significant audience happens eye contact sense spontaneity forgotten phrase word decided advance manuscript speech allow specific adaptation speech content changing moods needs audience modify aspect delivery audience appears bored disinterested major content speech speak louder pause dramatic intensify gaze beginning speech student trying acquire ability sharing personal ideas feelings manuscript type delivery nearly helpful likely effective impromptu extemporaneous methods find occasions manuscript remember write speech listeners readers practice reading aloud eye contact techniques effective delivery concentrate getting ideas words
number words uttered minute dependent spent pausing hesitating actually producing individual sounds word accused talking fast slow try ascertain problem faulty management duration pause unusual person asked slow rate speaking maintain usual duration pausing pausing longer periods real culprit cases faulty management duration excessive number words minute eighty words minute excessive word inadequate duration variety rate important variety pitch loudness speaker metronome rate utterance cloud meaning diminish attention quickly person monotone emphasis mood effectively expressed variations rate wish emphasize statement paragraph tend utter slowly sentences precede follow mood excitement accompanied acceleration rate mood sobriety slowing rate clarity sounds produce determined part pitch loudness rate determined principally manage organs articulation sounds depend precise lip movements critical placement tongue full jaw lip laziness results poor enunciation consonants tongue placement precise clear production consonants vowel sounds
barrier listening occur speaker listener backgrounds current living environments difficult understand experienced directly indirectly concepts discussed college graduate born raised large eastern city difficult understanding experiencing messages ideas farmer lived small rural community true meeting minds hampered speaker listener lived separate worlds listen abundant prejudice personal beliefs attitudes deep seated developed period easy create posture open mindedness democrat listening republican speaker likely give speaker fair hearing preconceived attitudes characteristics republicanism break barrier preconceived attitudes try exert command emotions initial responses try hold judgment listened completely objectively talked overly concerned connection number barriers problem important warrant special consideration reasons allowing personal concerns dominate listening behavior listening obstructed adopt defend position attitude instances stop listening engage mental debate says gun laws country rigid say talking ten thousand killed hand guns clearly barrier continued listening arisen
personal experience feel persons communicate effectively receiving positive feedback listeners incentive continue speaking persons frowning reading newspapers short behavior listeners affects speaker listener response adds encounter comment action conveying sender idea receiver interested attentive wishes sender continue quietly briefly interfere sender train thought course talking receiver role giving information sender sender effectiveness listening caring number specific actions listener aid speaker communicating acts listed apply platform speaking discussion interviewing everyday conversation eye contact establishes rapport sender receiver encourages communication research look feel comfortable bit information communicator sincere effort nodding head slightly tells speaker listener part communication process act simple smiling offer warmth support speaker needs nervous feeling confronts speakers casual remarks un huh involve listener speaker asking relevant questions helps speaker ways question enable speaker clarify point confusion troubling members audience
examined forms evidence speaker let turn process assembling evidence ideas coherent form obviously mass collected speech materials magically speech task sort materials place piece evidence proper pile related pieces evidence collected ready reassemble synthesize sorted materials form suitable communication process putting beginning middle end central concern chapter organizational process benefits speakers ways helps detect weaknesses fabric logic inadequacies amount quality evidence enables ideas variety ways determine sequence fitted audience accomplish purpose clear organization helps retain ideas greater ease pressure message presentation finally speakers benefit cases added credibility attached organized ideas ultimately listener benefit attend organizational strategies message understood moment encounter listener unlike reader arrest message study leisure clear organization facilitates understanding encourages listener remain attentive variety approaches assembling message concentrate method involves formulating core statement expresses central idea message phrasing main points support core statement subpoints support main points needed choosing patterns show relationships points
occasionally full appreciation understanding subject gained familiar background details background materials form historical details discuss event indicating historical context occurred deny listener important dimension understanding event background details physical nature audience sense grandeur lincoln memorial put physical context architect genius fully appreciated simply examining building designed building physical environment infrequently forced unpopular stand controversial issue wish win audience support position pave carefully measures establishment common ground belief speaker listener essence means pains stress areas agreement turning issues audience hold divergent viewpoints conceivable act establishing common ground occupy major share speech guess questions common ending speeches judge accomplishes usual functions speech conclusion redirect audience attention central point speech usher listener frame mind dominant end leave listener sense completeness hazard guess average speech student thought preparing conclusion facet speech preparation
awareness multiple meaning characteristic language step minimizing communication problems bound arise symbols step realize represent user intended assumed conversation develop habit asking directly person word phrase speak try select words lend direct translation define words phrases variety meanings speech conversation words phrases ambiguous incorrect sense unexplained produce confusion frequently ambiguity stems inadequate definition hasty word choice loaded language instances words phrases involved interpreted defined ways speaking listening watchful intangible abstract words phrase utility company guilty blatant mismanagement hard ingenuity sadly lacking inmates humanitarian treatment bank give personal attention ten days national integrity stake notice statement lacks precise meaning key words undefined disputes occur single word notice lack specific meaning words joy freedom moderate racism poor capitalist hero reactionary fascist think talk situation decisions include exclude abstract details total situation ignore means language giving partial picture happened
part lengthy introduction conflict speaker direct attention discussing issue clean environment noted past ten nation developed towering environmental ethic recognition learn live harmony nature exercise professed inalienable misuse limited resources poison pollute ruin landscape run consequences view argues runaway inflation unemployment sluggish economy brought environmental regulations need government mandates environmental regulation polluted water fouled air scarred land regulations harm regulations penn remarked judgment wit express orator words true today penn uttered judicious humor effective means holding audience interest effective employment requires skill unpredictable nature caution sparingly propriety succeeds audience attention focused humor end means making message interesting chapter special speech types treat humor detail humor aid making informative presentation interesting offer positive suggestions dangers inherent humor remember audience reactions attempts humor apt variety forms humor successful listeners falling chairs wild abandon
occasion want audience copy quotation diagram chart illustration business meetings call materials hands case find suggestions helpful distribute material ready circulated material offers listeners easy excuse stop listening sure give person copy material trying read shoulder confusion audience material neat readable words contribute audience comprehension printed material distracting perplexing counter result lack understanding discussion focused aids classified media number effective electronic devices determined electrical outlet want consider aids informative speeches benefit slides recent extremely popular business professional context photographs slides selected specific purpose product slide projectors equipped remote control units advance slides speaker stands front audience speaker control speed slides slides colorful change hold attention informing imagine interesting listen speech folk masks mexico looking masks discussed
twenty centuries ago aristotle rhetoric observed instruments persuasion persuasion effected arguments demonstrate truth real apparent means inhere cases persuasion effected audience brought speech emotion give decisions sway pain joy liking hatred character speaker persuasion speech uttered worthy belief rule trust quickly things general points realm exact knowledge opinion divided trust absolutely italics added durability aristotle classification seen cursory examination rhetorical present labels affixed modes persuasion modes subdivided essentially aristotelian origin section concerned finding convincing arguments psychological appeals ways manifesting personal credibility emphasized separation persuasion modes arbitrary communication situations speaker persuasive attempts composite modes suggest view fused practice analyzing separately convincing argument meet audience test reasonableness think action belief attitude hold rests rational foundation fact search reasons justify behavior past present future behavior speaker obliged meet listener rational requirements
effects forms support mentioned chapter group discuss problem affected size problem reporting observed effects members outward manifestations problem widespread group discussing increased crime rate teenagers ask problem participant attempt substantiate seriousness problem stating governor crime rate teenagers doubled ten knowing happening wide spread effects problem group later decide remedy problem group examined verified effects problem turns attention examination conditions produced effects earlier identified deciding caused increased crime rate effect offer support establishes teenage unemployment increase knowing created problem group propose solutions rectify solutions recommended group talk criteria judging solutions means solution group puts meet standards decide solution deal teenage crime violate constitutional rights person arrested costly add crowded conditions facing juvenile detention facilities group determined specific problem solved examined effects problem listed criteria solution meet ready suggest solutions
adhere logical pattern selected group dewey reflective pattern selected group stays track jumping effects solutions definition terms waste frustrate participants member group informed topic research job unsupported generalizations unwarranted assertions harm entire group successful participant brings ideas group information gathered sources personal experiences presence discussion amount group number participants obviously influence frequency length contributions feel free participate say contributions exchanges precise detailed contributions needed frequently bore participants getting turn talk contributions relate remarks simply tossed group result confusion force group depart established agenda think frustrating entire group progress interrupted begins recount personal experience completely subject occasions members responsiblity transgression noted group returned topic index numbers dates reminders word exactly meaning remarks specific weeks ago january say dr john jones
leader try clarify details contributions contributions reworded rephrased occasions leader ask clarify point evidence question leader ask janet research support notion expressed paul leader group stays track wander point point personal anecdotes interesting seldom discussion moving occasions leader help group return issue discussing irrelevant comment group successful interpersonal relations accomplish goal personal hostilities pettiness place problem solving group discussion group kind waste therapy leader set tone allow destructive behavior develop chance conflicts emerge leader resolve leader change behavior troublesome participant settle argument times offer leader proceedings recorded notes discussion beneficial entire group occasions members want accomplished earlier discussion previous decisions disposal members group avoid needless duplication addition note taking advantage resolving potential arguments solution stage meeting disagreeing problem note taker review summarize decided group dealt effects
information cope daily origins external information rest internal information events objects sources external information knowledge past experiences meanings feelings internal information successful information processing depends merger external internal information rarely process information sources receive retrieve send information grounded combining experiencing external feel internal instance text source external information sufficient understanding words ideas inside head say communicated internal information knowledge feelings source external information unnoticed miller notes scientifically generalizations concerning human information processing account environmental stimuli individual background experiences brings situation later chapter consider closely precisely constitutes information let look known social scientist views information kenneth boulding wrote delightful book describing essence knowledge called image according boulding developed lifetime personally ordered images degree words located space images events objects image remain image changed information
understanding perception equipped receive interpret information want share assumptions guide thinking human information processing assumptions originate fundamental belief humans processors information ability process information sense bartlett pointed ago nature seekers meaning seek meaning process information let look underlying assumptions hip humans active processors information important word active means sponge simply absorbing spilled container pours experiences encounter information attend ignore alter refute words humans process information actively participate happens information manage control information encounter unlike animals actually shape environment cold put jacket light furnace calls abusive return favor choice word process information communicate advanced ways act comfortable humans advanced animals actively participate information active participation especially crucial communication instance participate reading text taking notes underlining disagreeing learn involved conversation conversation
giving attention needs matter zeroing message matter successfully screening interfering stimuli words pay attention remove distractions means quick decision incoming signal limited amount energy spend incoming messages quickly decide input draw energy person chooses devote incoming message function call information noise ratio energy treat input information need fast decision information noise status incoming message things judge immediately important relevant treated information things push background treated noise messages call information receive amount energy active processing attend messages try understand messages call noise simply monitored won energy attention bank determining input worth actively attending able maintain control information enters thinking classify messages information experience information overload simply handle hand classify inputs noise redundant uninteresting worth attending experience information manage information load managing
newspaper women produce mass information recorded ink paper mysterious takes personality create newspaper feel mystique read institution tie community newspaper arrival daily edition doorstep part rhythm family paper everyday expression newspaper held responsible news reports messenger weather bureau forecasts sunshine rain falls readers grumble paper wrong close relative alternately cheered damned pages readers learn global news local news choose movies attend information marriages births deaths friends find baseball standings draw food shopping lists newspaper created quiet carpeted newsroom differs earlier generations americans read emphasis brisk hard news stories interpretation parents grandparents especially lived large cities fed heavy dose sensationalism murder stories full blunt details writer sprinkled flowery prose raids love nests metropolitan city editors relished phrase tragedies kind imaginable short page news bulletins set boldface type editions carried black label extra radio television news developed newspapers brought public news events newspaper copies sold street corners vendors editors stressed flashy appearance excitement
joseph pulitzer york symbol liberal aggressive journalism spoke economic social issues champions earned newsman spurs local reporter st louis founding post dispatch rivals pulitzer champions edward william randolph hearst espoused word economies writing editing news hard hitting news reporting low level entertainment material newspaper group hearst eager human interest stories emotion producing writing built large staffs women reporters big city dailies turn century newspapers metropolitan level expanded dramatically telephone typewriter changed reportorial practices rewrite appeared handle telephone calls beat reporters desk took chores editing copy writing headlines talented young women reporters free search news features sports staff emerged staking pages women news staff dealing fashions social news women vied positions newspaper staffs romance reporting attractive eager largely untrained newsmen gathered small hours morning city staffs doctor perry drugstore york club press club chicago admired literary style news skill leading reporters envied van stories richard harding davis drank emotional city story written irwin wake san francisco earthquake fire reporters editors intelligent perceptive journalists sensitive requirements craft
effort attract readers especially younger audience newspapers greatly increased content soft news diminished space devoted hard news emphasis stories living styles personal problems trends recreation rock music personalities news readership surveys readers desired news receiving coverage personalities excessive instances partly newspapers attempted pace exploitation personalities television cult celebrity superstar grew print expense traditional straight news eventually editors sensed emphasis soft news began ask questions decides person celebrity addition person publicity agent precisely promotes star superstar news majors minor actress suddenly national figure appearing tv show charley angels posing sexy poster lost button front blouse trend greater space hard news softer partially event oriented interpretive stories significant nature began developing start today newspaper editors notable exceptions seek balance straight news softer stories background personal service entertaining nature decreased emphasis called celebrity circuit personality stories place instinctive urge lives persons find satisfaction relating vicariously supposedly glamorous lives public eye
stage set writer move speaker general theme specific proposal scholarships granted woman athletes handling point forms segment story transition needed hold story written perceived sexual inequality campus robinson pointed small number athletic scholarships women compared received male students women hold athletic grants southwest university reported receive financial assistance coaches teams spend thousands dollars recruiting trips coax high school athletes attend university coaches winning teams pounding lectern angrily fist woman coaches permitted thing half students campus women intercollegiate sports don mean women play football cross country team don women run point reader wonder dr mildred robinson background speak vehemence reporter anticipates questions including paragraph describing career member national speakers bureau equal rights amendment listing fact writer eliminates need include paragraph era appeal speech career information advance publicity material reporter ask speaker meeting listed america
journalistic writing simply writing thing journalese term scorn applied reporter writing labeled journalese simply bad writing faults include careless organization sloppy sentences incorrect usage poor word choices slang cliches incomplete coverage journalism professor newspaper editor bad writing english composition teacher attention bedrock assets effective writing grammar spelling waned recent decades challenge social conventions customs authority insistence niceties word usage spelling accuracy sentence clarity individual freedoms methodical study grammar holding spelling drills declined schoolrooms language ability scores high school graduates result rising concern newspaper editors expressed conventions trade journals flood bad grammar misspellings mixed metaphors misused words jargon readers ability grasp facts offending sensibilities educated subscribers horrifying true language buffs buffs started coming rescue york times begun distributing publication called winners sinners staff started late theodore bernstein continued allan william wrote book problem weekly column york times concerns grammar nbc newscaster edwin newman qualifies buff book david shaw media critic los times newspapers distributing reports writing grammar spelling staffs washington post boston globe san jose mercury news miami herald milwaukee journal st petersburg times established modern media institute direction roy peter clark english professor writing coach
los times according david shaw week misused york times charged misusing words refute barrage ironically finally weekly trade journal editor publisher printed frequent sentence food editors convention speaker tupperware company executive pitched company product line food editor stood asked paper tupperware advertise blunders cited avoided reporters involved observant studies basic rules writing word usage let review briefly precepts writing acceptable sentences vital mastery grammar sentences unity achieve clarity transmit reader emphasis writer intended concert sufficient variety attractive reader unity means properly written sentence single statement represents complete thought obviously unified unity means reference elements single main idea complex compound sentences statements achieve unity written reader able grasp single main idea statements sentence closely related sentence unity violated reader confused natives country wear wooden shoes naturally hospitable reporters obvious error trouble aspect principle subordination
instance sports writer approaches coach school basketball team locker room game asks opinion happened home team won coach jovial expansive lost point overtime curt financial reporter reaches president local bank telephone inform county grand jury indicted fraud banker answer brusque comment delivered frigid tone respond elaborate assertion innocence blame trouble plotting business rivals helpful reporter prepared reluctance telephone ready push ahead politely persistently pursuit needed information feature interview conversation directed goal conducted relaxed circumstances lunch subject home cup coffee newspaper conference room challenge reporter curiosity person say interest readers tests reporter powers observation ability convey impressions paper steps involved conducting effective interview beginning reporters shy approaching interviews fear appearing ignorant bothering person hesitancy unnecessary matter protest interview subjects secretly flattered attention tense uneasy professionals experienced dealing press interviewer seek put subject ease order achieve approach assignment confidence
interview stories theme writing reporter shape material hand emphasize distinctive point view stated demonstrated person interviewed choosing direct quotations summary comments conversation organizing cohesive nuggets scattered hour talk writer craftsmanship lies ability select pertinent fragments organize weave narrative pattern starting write interviewer analyze notes ask person interest readers want tell readers person writers find shape interview stories easily write guidance theme sentence elements notes develop theme interview kim published preceding chapter writer framed theme sentence kim says marriage veterinarian interest animals primary concern regards occasional film appearance change pace novelty theme chosen reporter selects type lead hard news variety soft feature approach decision turn influences rest interview story developed hard news lead head approach subject matter based newsworthy statements person interviewed resembling lead straight news story demands reader attention soft feature lead tone flank attack army sneaking objective side rear
newspapers telephone directories major american cities ready copies phone books cities circulation area city desk university public libraries collections town phone books provide names numbers addresses distant sources reporter need reach telephone company directory assistance service aid caller college campus telephone directory student faculty alumni directories helpful person need reach unlisted telephone telephone believe person lives city idea cities problem solved primary printed source local information city directory directories published polk company polk city directory lists local inhabitants alphabetically address occupation home ownership status telephone number extremely valuable feature reporter cross listing residents street house number rd house number listed names persons living location telephone numbers found resident desired number reporter look person alphabetical listing section lists phone numbers numerically holder city directories accurate infallible wise double check information listed person involved city directories file public library local historical society newspaper broadcasting station libraries invaluable reporter story involving local historical background show details city times past
newspaper adherence principles conduct severely questioned stinging rebuke report commission freedom press headed robert maynard chancellor university chicago found fault newspaper practices including sensationalism commission list society requirements mass media remains pertinent today truthful comprehensive intelligent account events context meaning forum exchange comment criticism projection representative picture constituent groups society presentation clarification goals values society full access intelligence early largely watergate public began distrust institutions strongly sensing public mood press managing editors association watergate began look influences press report professional standards committee turned barrage attention problem media ethics carol sutton louisville courier journal report extent gratuities press fashion events york montreal weeks later returned canvas suitcase filled newspaper colleagues termed loot goodies assorted cosmetics jewelry tote bags useless oddities report countless gratuities offered events returned gifts gave charity line louisville newspapers standing policy acceptance gifts staff members
college news bureau issues frequent press releases campus activities including appearance prominent lecturers events intellectual entertainment nature news bureau tip reporter story possibilities informally expect furnish tip story reflect negatively college image normal circumstances education beat reporter concerned operation college administration public schools operated taxpayers dollars discussed surface aspects education beat reporting meetings processing news releases development contacts administrators reporter beginning easy news public schools pertains mechanics operation budget making appointments administrators teaching learning processes reporter intellectual curiosity comes play perennial question parents community schools hear horror stories insolent behavior students boys girls passed grade grade learning read write spell adequately ill prepared teachers narcotics alcohol school grounds assured administrators schools giving students textbook education lessons social adjustment truth lie role representative public reporter faces formidable challenge hunting answers respects education abstraction reduced clearly defined column results bank statement composed reporter seek objective path morass serving assertions emotional assumptions false
reporter goes morning police headquarters city find overnight accumulation preliminary reports frequently unique spelling copy editor twitch dismay preliminary report includes facts incident involved officer handled call names addresses persons involved circumstances preliminary reports official records information privileged publication reporter task read reports looking story possibilities dramatic significant unusual small incident developed poignant human interest item humorous quirk human condition exposed stress police reporter sensitivity initiative find unexpected stories insights buried reports half dozen reports worth pursuing rest police family quarrels broken inconclusive reports prowler pair drunks picked fighting bar newspapers broadcast stations individual policies regarding types stories guide reporter selecting reports develop larger city space publication routine crime small city newspaper publish story burglary reported metropolitan paper exceptionally large amounts property unusual kinds property stolen newspapers report automobile accidents involve fatalities injuries report suicides briefly exceptional circumstances newspapers withhold names rape victims publish inconspicuous stories vaguely stated rapes reported police partly readers aware crimes happen city
college student ambition career media begin preparing early taking courses communications seeking parttime media school equals personal experience helping student decide multifaceted field mass communications wants worked high school newspapers realization journalism involves enter college jobs campus newspapers magazines broadcasting stations provide invaluable experience commercial newspapers broadcasting stations college towns frequently hire students parttime help jobs clerical nonprofessional nature open doors student acquainted professional operation students fortunate obtain publications broadcasting stations head start landing job graduation commercial media participate intern receives job training cases paid newspapers stations developed internship programs magazines publishing houses advertising public relations companies employers internship system obtain replacement staff power vacation period observe ability students wish hire graduation students hoping media careers vigorously seek internship possibilities media states early application essential competition intense easy newspaper fund questionnaire randomly selected newspapers circulation range found young women hired newspapers past previously held papers hired
beginner newspaper office small tasks going press releases search usable stories taking notes telephone calls reporters public checking facts editorial library telephone editor handling short rewrite assignments writing obituaries routine editor regards period testing alert newcomer feel newspaper office acquainted fellow staff members adjust tempo deadlines break period immediately smaller dailies newcomer assigned beat likely police run especially smaller papers city editor personal acquaintances news sources check reporter performance stories turned private reports beat beat reporter performance constantly compared competitors print electronic media missed stories conflicts story versions reporter shown incorrect weighed editor writing initiative digging extra stories occasional important exclusive stories considering young reporter advancement reporter ability news sources irritating unnecessarily unwarranted favors print beginner assigned sports department larger daily include taking results high school games telephone covering secondary games editing routine news service copy statistics daily major league baseball standings sports staff eventually young woman reporter assigned sport begin develop specialty football basketball
basic precept reporters supervising editors aware times working reached news crisis arises desk editor wish rearrange assignments hurry editor wants sources story material obtained especially controversial nature reporter information confidence editors hands keeping confidences judging validity sources need responsibility published false misleading broader view awareness reporters working editors find reporter information fits bigger picture realizes writing memos supervising editor practice reporter follow report progress stories developed dates future events beat rumors reporter checking story ideas memos editor informed strengthen reporter reputation awareness initiative especially small dailies young reporters older expect evening city council meetings civic dinners organization meetings frequently held night drag interminably reporter covers job morning demands build climax publication night comes weekend schedule lighter management provide overtime pay suitable balance workload reporter expect fair treatment respect willingness put extra hours occasionally making fuss compensation makes impression editor operating low budget
columbus brought sheep cortez introduced spanish mexico undoubtedly brought types sheep spaniards moved mexico opening missions establishing basic farming husbandry practices spanish accounts colored sheep imported mexico thought forerunners colored navajo indian sheep exist today purpose producing coarse blanket rug wool accounts clear exact type direct importation consisting british breeds jamestown primarily purpose producing wool predators attacks poor management lack shelter early breeds quickly deteriorated quality yield wool situation critical towns passed legislation requiring citizen contribute labor clearing pasturage prohibited exports elevated town shepherds high status order improve wool quality yield direct fine wool spain america continued heavily westward movement colonists progressed allegheny mountains sheep progressed quality numbers civil war caused drastic increase price wool limited supplies cotton sides creating demands turn stimulated production america boast million sheep figure equaled war ii million head estimated numbers steadily declined competition synthetic fibers pressure meat products production shifted form east rocky mountain region turn century finally date western states texas
breed developed united states breeder santa gertrudis creek ran place origin king ranch texas breed derives shorthorn brahman breeds shorthorn brahman recognized breed color deep dark cherry red smooth slick shiny coat horns loose hide similar brahman breed figure santa gertrudis large size cows pounds bulls pounds generally produces medium size calves medium heavy weaning weights outstanding characteristics include excellent beef conformation heavy development excellent foraging ability efficient beef production grass resistance diseases insects heat tolerance efficient feed conversion conditions santa gertrudis nervous matures late tends coarse fed optimum slaughter weights breeding stock criticized low reproductive efficiency herds sheaths bulls lasater ranch texas developed figure achieved breed status consists hereford shorthorn brahman blood interesting point required color pattern whatsoever main emphasis beef imply color include brown reddish brown red red white spots imaginable combinations discriminated horned polled breed generally medium size producing medium size calves heavy weaning weights breed developed selecting traits disposition fertility weight conformation milk production breed reputed gentle intelligent early maturing heifers bred months
normal presentation calf front feet head lying figure base hooves downward position contractions uterus feet thrust placenta releasing amniotic fluid serves lubricant passage calf birth canal normal birth vary considerably average approximates minutes assistance figure shows illustrated corrective procedures aid absolutely delivery occur approximately hours beginning labor pains veterinarian render examination determine abnormal presentation problem common concern breach birth hooves feet pointed upward characteristic hind legs coming leg protruding legs protruding head turned side making normal delivery difficult impossible abnormally large calf cases qualified individual render assistance extreme precautions prevent injury dam calf expulsion placenta afterbirth occurs hours calving cotyledons buttons attached uterus womb separate allowing unattached membrane pass birth canal figure common cow eat afterbirth part clean ritual thought wild instinct destroy evidence birth protect young predators wrangler tale cow eats afterbirth order normal lactation milk production
knife cut rib backbone figure exposes eye area condition observations determine quality beef represented government grader discussed later chapter yield called percent product left cooler compared live weight conformation finish influence dressing percent provided normal fill allowed muscular fatter animals expected average grade higher dress yield higher viscera part weight subtracted live weight arrive dressing percent easy extra fill water feed add selling weight lower yield account buyer making bid question buyer bid conservatively seller advantage allow cattle undue fill prior sale dressing percent vary individual average figures grades involved prime choice standard commercial utility cutter optimum tenderness beef carcasses fat seal air aged weeks temperatures higher freezing natural enzymes break connective tissue collagen surrounding cells resulting tenderizing process beef jewish market slaughtered according religious customs representative rabbi special double edged razor sharp knife sever jugular veins carotid arteries stunning permitted stroke blade allowed
oldest established form animal husbandry united states cow calf program cow calf business separated basic categories purebred cow calf program started parts europe spread system based selection breed fit environment small acreage market condition absorb demand type purebred animals produced availability feed primary factor determining establishment success purebred breeder decision natural means breeding recent developments allowed purebred associations artificial rewarding benefit purebred operation production generally superior animal breeder receives premium price effort involved effort easy registration procedures paper involved keeping breeding records certification animals require deal generally purebred breeder interested showing maintain cattle look times expense involved maintaining herd show purposes successful breeders find fit show animals show circuit increasing expensive business maintaining pure breeder maximize income small acreage realizes efforts management problems incurred purebred operation worthy consideration refers crossing pure breeds cattle figure cattle basically divided taurus species attempt producing true crossbred cattle cross brahman cattle european breeds
anthrax confused contagious conditions cattle struck lightning types poisoning acute confused diagnosed amateur anthrax extreme caution case possibility highly contagious anthrax affects animals bacillus microorganism anthrax exposure air organism forms spore called anthrax bacillus known live soil viable condition preventive program annual vaccination protection disease recommended areas disease problem common method transmission rough feeds grown areas anthrax known exist puncturing membranes mouth digestive system organism eaten inhaled gain entrance body injuries absorption spore minor wounds creates onset disease treatment response antibiotics penicillin prescribed early stages disease early stages impossible detect real defense prevention vaccination true blackleg caused clostridium mentioned blackleg type diseases caused organism malignant edema signs blackleg characterized inflamed muscles severe poisoning death rate strangely youngest healthiest fastest growing animals months affected warmer months spring autumn account highest rate outbreaks sign blackleg dead calf
inflammation udder creates losses dairy industry stemming decreased milk production cost medication withholding milk treated cows replacing animals culled herd infection low production occurs clinical forms clinical forms represent cases characterized fever depression weakness loss appetite reduced milk production abnormal milk possibly swollen hardened sensitive quarters udder abnormalities clouding flakes blood lumps occur milk represents cases signs apparent special testing loss milk production cases develop clinical found treated caused microorganisms especially streptococcus staphylococcus bacteria strep organisms depend transmission cow cow found udder cow clinical transmitted cows management practices prevent spread bacteria antibiotic treatment effective combating type organisms found environment enter mammary gland canal opening end mammary system invade healthy secreting tissues form wasting milk producing tissue cow treatment antibiotics drying quit milking needed combat type prevention include testing control program milking machine maintenance care milking procedure person milking identified controlled
exercise important blood circulation bad weather forces ewes remain days activity hay bunks feed troughs moderately walked encouraged move scattering roughage tagging ewes dock flank udder lambing approaches worthwhile chore makes lambing sanitary nursing easier tagging term refers trimming cutting wool wool manure burrs ewes rams shearing market practice clipping wool rear quarters ewe prior lambing called tagging ewe placing rump taking strokes clippers belly ahead udder wool side leg sheared placing free hand teats making strokes attachment udder dock desirable practice ensures cleaner lambing enables lamb find udder readily desirable herdsman hand lambing ewes lamb start sucking tag find weak nurse procedure worthy mention facing practice cutting wool eyes sheep prevent wool blindness breeds heavy face covering apt poor show poor mothering ability
wool fiber similar human hair smaller diameter crimped bellows curly straight scaly exterior stretches readily sawtooth edges fibers woven interlock give body strength crimped characteristic elasticity fine wool crimped coarse wool demands higher price characteristic wool absorb weight moisture feeling damp weight completely saturated important characteristic protecting body cold damp weather excellent insulator protecting body sun rays reason wool common sahara frozen north wool fireproof fibers burn exposed direct flame combustible product safety feature clothing reports wooden warehouses burning ground minimum losses stored wool uncommon fiber stretch length return shape repeatedly comparison strand diameter stronger steel shearing weather begins turn warm yolk softens easing chore depending area united states shearing march july removal fleece figure electrically driven clippers method employed flock owners job small electric clippers hand shears tagging removal stained wool dung locks completed prior actual shearing
animals breeding herd selected pedigree show ring record individual merit pedigree animal record animal ancestry select animals breeding pedigrees give production records closely related animals parents grandparents animal serve indication breeding young prospect swine breeders recognized show ring winners superior animals show auctions breeding classes filled spirited bidding top hogs leads paying premium price purchased hog amateur buyer prefers method selection allowing acknowledged judge select animals experienced swine buyers judge breeding stock farm obtain breeding stock equal quality reasonable prices pedigrees especially swine breeding generation interval short compared species offspring produced makes large number observations results crossing achieve desired results similar results expected selecting animals related participants desirable production record pedigree offers excellent starting place species recent individuals parents grandparents recommended generation reduce potential improvement half fads promotional advertising fallacies selection pedigree swine generally felt susceptible manipulation rarely demanded extremes high prices compared cattle horses attract type speculative breeding
anemia condition primarily rapidly growing baby pigs signs anemia rough hair coat listlessness pale color membrane eyes mouth signs generally start days severe weeks litters advanced stages breathing labored produces characteristic abdominal breathing heart enlarges pumps forcefully rapidly normal attempt compensate reduced blood capacity severely affected pig handled increased heart action sound thumping chest wall anemia called thumps lowers baby pigs resistance disease making susceptible respiratory intestinal disease organisms creating major death loss treatment highly effective consists injection iron condition arises pigs severely affected comatose calcium solution provide extra boost energy fresh soil pigs root swabbing sow udder iron sulfate solution effective common practice inject baby pigs days age iron solution muscle neck injection repeated weeks pigs creep feed iron supplemental blocks offered free choice crystals sprinkled floor authorities agree preventive measure cheap effective recommended routine practice treatment anemia arise preventive measures ar disease deaths create tremendous economic loss irritation nose inability eat generally deteriorated physical condition
sperm fowl retain fertilizing capacity considerably longer mammals chicken sperm known viable days weekly needed assure highest fertility sperm mating stored natural folds oviduct female folds referred sperm nests yolk enters walls oviduct stretched sperm fertilize egg fertilization takes place disc yolk event fertilization embryo begins development defined disc area clearly visible naked eye broken egg hours chick embryo established intricate type blood circulation sustaining yolk placenta species discussed book fowl embryo depend intricate blood vascular network carry functions bringing nutrients ushering waste products end embryo full complement membranes known allantois chorion amnion figure allantois serves store excretory wastes later chorion form allantois major part combined membrane closely shell membrane serves respiratory organ developing embryo pulmonary type takes hours hatching end incubation period general outline embryo fully recognizable essential internal systems lungs nervous muscular sensory systems developed
tying similar authorities distinction problems main difference characterized muscle tremor stiffness minutes tying symptoms occur muscular exertion riding racing tying mild form generally related moderate heavy feeding rations idle period continued feeding muscular exertion lactic acid formed quickly excreted accumulates continued metabolism glycogen affects muscles accumulate rapidly amounts muscle destruction compared reason recovery normal likely shorter signs stiffness improper flexing hind legs rigid walking obviously painful numerous cases horse collapses rider horse regain standing position dazed appearance treatment victims tying walked minutes relieves signs cases moved severe reactions treated intravenous injections bloodstream complete recovery seen hours appears limit variety problems affect soundness limbs horses discussion common conditions follows figure location specific bog figure swelling joint capsule occurs joint due accumulation fluid
inflamed skin condition caused poor sanitation horses susceptible treatment consists cleaning mild soap water hair clipped closely affected areas astringent antiseptic substances applied regular intervals clean sanitary quarters part treatment routine faulty conformation brittle hooves foot injury vertical cracks splits coronet figure mild painful figure treatment involves trimming hooves special shoeing inflammation small bone bursa front feet important horses occur hind feet disease progresses inflamed bursa bone surrounding tissue undergo calcification rest early stages produces improvement condition reappears training resumes front feet affected foot case early signs repeated rest days pointing affected foot shifting weight healthy foot extending slightly affected hoof riding toe foot strikes heel shortening stride causing owners diagnose injury shoulder problem problem attributed inheritable condition resulting upright conformation weak bone inheritance plays part actual horse develop problem chief aggravating factor concussion front feet especially horses worked hard surface subjected hard racing cutting calf roping
figure involuntary flexion hind legs evident backing horse foot markedly jerked abdomen actually hit abdominal wall unknown speculated nervous diseases degeneration nerves spinal cord disorders initial phases problem surgery treatment consists removal portion tendon crosses lateral surface joint figure puffy swelling confused bog found web distinguished movement finger pressure opposite side leg condition treatment massage reduce swelling drainage injection effective treatment thrush figure degeneration frog foot caused poor sanitation commonly found hind feet sign trouble strong offensive odor treatment consists trimming infected part frog sanitation antiseptic thrush remedy preparations owners iodine formalin carbolic acid puff figure harmless swelling bursa fluid sac joints fore rear legs affected heat pain condition attributed working hard surface racing common hard working horse especially rough terrain treatment cold packs blistering agents recommended massage effective
feel happy feel surprised feelings girl feel feel feel sad feel angry feel scared boy feel feelings eyes show feel mouth show feel feelings nose show feelings hands show show feelings feel angry angry talk angry feelings run jump play feels angry picture feel angry pretend angry pretend feel happy pretend sad show move moving show feelings girl tell tell scared telling feelings help lost felt scared pat school tell feel person help pat pat feels helped pat help boy girl think want things helps learn helps children feel fairly feel helps
feel happy sad angry feel worried disappointed surprised happiness sadness anger worry surprise feelings feelings faces show feel look children faces shown rained going picnic think child feels rainstorm voices show feel bill angry voice rain spoil picnic voice sound angry bill voice show feelings stand move look children pictures standing help show feelings feels proud walk feelings ways show feelings jenny friends planned play jenny play part space traveler feels scared play jenny wants play want play help jenny scared feelings feels scared times remembering help feel scared scared feelings start learn things scared feelings afraid talking scared feelings helps feel talking family member friend teacher help feel scared times helps feel scared scared feelings soon think scared
danny dog named danny loved danny pet car hit pet died danny felt sad danny help feel talking family members help person pet died family members person feels sad family members suggest ways help person feel danny family helped family members say danny danny grandfather ahead cry crying helps sad person feel danny mother remember think liked danny younger sister draw picture remember looked ways family members help sad person feel talking family members help person pet died person pet died feel suppose things wrong late school lose spelling paper friends play school feel feel angry upset things wrong help change feelings try active exercising help feel outdoors play toss ball run think enjoy enjoyable help feel feel angry upset children enjoying
amy feeling troubled puzzled argument younger brother wanted tube glue amy brother argued glue amy asks sisters brothers arguments answer amy question love family argue times sisters brothers argue arguing upset sisters brothers argue argue taking turns sharing games toys sharing means things dividing things getting part families argue learn share sharing help amy brother sharing jobs show cooperation family members show cooperation jobs house show cooperation ways home children asking student school play person feels lonely want newcomer feel happy showing consideration person suppose person school person looks sad lonely hear show consideration asking person choose game play newcomer choose game hearing important showing understanding makes mistake help person feel show understanding try think person feels
skin hair nails inside things bones muscles nerves blood part tiny living parts tiny part cell millions cells body kinds cells kind size shape kind job cells kind grouped tissue bone cells bone tissue muscle cells muscle tissue nerve cells nerve tissue suppose look tissues microscope cells cells look alike smallest living parts body makes tissue needed body cells look picture shows muscles body find muscles short muscles find flat muscles give body shape muscles help move muscles attached bones muscles pull bones pulling makes bones move bend arm muscle pulls lower arm bones upper arm bone straighten arm muscle pulls lower arm bones upper bone muscles body pairs let bend feel inside upper arm bend arm straighten arm feel muscles working move arm bones muscles hundred bones body bones skeleton
brain organ inside skull kinds tissues tissues think messages brain parts body brain tells messages mean need brain sends messages muscles brain tells muscles move messages brain nerves notice nerves picture nerves size nerves short backbone nerves thread body senses send messages brain messages tell seeing hearing touching tasting smelling nerves eyes send messages brain messages brain picture shows senses sense tell job brain messages travel brain senses look picture notice heart chest put hand heart feel heart beating heart beats beats times minute child age heart organ muscle tissue pumps blood cells blood carries oxygen cells oxygen gas cells need stay alive blood carries nutrients food cells need blood picks gas called carbon dioxide wastes cells carries carbon dioxide wastes cells
eat food stay alive body digest food eat cells body digests food form food food starts digested mouth teeth tongue chew food saliva mixes food saliva juice mouth helps food soft swallow happens swallow softened food food goes food tube stomach find tube picture muscles food tube push food stomach juices mix food stomach muscles turn food food looks thick liquid partly digested soon stomach squeezes thick liquid food small intestine small intestine narrow tube curled inside find picture juices small intestine finish digesting food thick liquid food changed thin liquid food muscles small intestine move thin liquid thin liquid food nutrients moves blood vessels blood vessels sides small intestine heart pumps blood nutrients cells body parts food eat body change fruit skins seeds liquid food body moves small intestine large intestine notice large intestine picture large intestine shorter wider tube small intestine large intestine water removed food parts food left wastes
look pictures pages say picture page interesting differences students look help person special understanding ways special help feel appearance helps special looks exactly strengths help special write sing knowing strengths helps understand feel image image accept means knowing weaknesses things image try improve weaknesses changed sing draw person image accept fact weaknesses image help expect expect differences interesting baseball team players pitchers suppose girl moves neighborhood comes country speaks language try friends picture page george making friends mary girl neighborhood george children neighborhood talk mary easily speak english
laura give report class worked hard report wonders notices hands sweaty heart beating faster feelings affect body works feelings worry fear anger heart beat faster feelings breathe faster feelings excitement surprise body feelings muscles tremble worried scared angry feelings affect stomach feelings stomach speed slow feelings affect body body notice feelings bodies notice feelings body body upset feelings problems headaches laura worried feelings started began report later felt surprised pleased report turned fairly giving report easier laura knows give report feelings times feelings parts body body caused feelings susan feels angry friend cathy blamed cathy play friends susan feels cathy treating unfairly
decisions pictures show decisions brian brian decision spelling test mistakes brian spelling study hard spelling test brian knows needs decide improving schoolwork knows deciding improve schoolwork important deciding wear school help brian wise decision schoolwork steps chart page show brian steps help decision improve spelling steps need decision part growing knowing wise decisions need help making important decisions parents teachers help brian knows needs decide improve spelling brian lists choices study home night fifteen minutes ask friend joe help study spelling test joe likes spelling speller brian lists bad results choice results studying brian improve spelling brian learn study brian feel improved spelling brian able improve spelling results studying joe joe help brian improve spelling brian learn spelling fun joe
look young shown page person needs fit guessed physical fitness helps play physical fitness helps healthy maybe enjoy playing games friends active physical fitness play getting tired injuring easily activities effort climb run jump muscles activities muscles move freely easily fit helps heart healthy heart muscle grows stronger regular exercise heart fit person pumps blood heart fit person keeping heart strong regular exercise helps prevent heart diseases fit helps healthy lungs blood picks oxygen lungs carries muscles regular exercise helps oxygen lungs muscles pictures fit strong muscles move easily freely play getting tired fit help feel fitness help person ways physical fitness help person stay healthy person physical fitness muscle fitness flexibility strength endurance kinds muscle fitness want healthy want kinds muscle fitness flexibility ability move body easily move easily ways muscles flexibility dancer bends twists turns easily flexibility
suppose decide want improve fitness decide spend active play choose activity boy enjoys play soccer swim ride bicycle playing makes heart beat faster helps heart strong activities help lose extra body fat plan exercises regularly home exercises shown pages exercises help build kinds muscle fitness fitness heart lungs choose build fitness need exercise harder need increase amount exercise sure start slowly increase amount exercise choose activities help build fitness sure choose activities enjoy likely regularly chart shows activities activity enjoy helps build fitness start active regularly want stop exercise regularly relax feel ways building physical fitness activities help build strong heart muscles build muscle fitness project fit helps fit begin warm exercises stretch muscles ready active exercise workout exercises help build strength endurance healthy heart lungs cool exercises help muscles recover activity ask teacher help learn fit exercises
friends play games games sports soccer baseball kickball sport involves amount exercise set rules follow sports competitive means team person plays team person need fit play sports need sports skills help play running throwing catching jumping sports skills hitting bouncing ball sports skills sports skills learn skills practice boy girl picture practice shooting baskets passing bouncing basketball chances improve skills practice game learning sports skills help stay fit grow older learn swim ride bicycle young continue activities lifetime sports sports lifetime sports played tennis golf bowling examples lifetime sports older person picture learned lifetime sport ago sport help person stay fit sports skills person build sports skills sports skills helpful students picture enjoy playing active games try ball bouncing works game lasts playing game fun win enjoy game sports games enjoyable play ways playing sports games included
notice boy group exactly thoughts feelings actions looks unique human kind unique exactly ways special realizing unique human help feel feeling important image image feel perfect faults problems feel points faults image suppose feel change image image improve image working friendships friends affect image liking actions show care knowing care helps feel tell likes let friends care improve image working members family family ways understanding accepting differences help family members family notice person family members
situation picture bob loaned brother mark shirt mark accidentally spilled mustard bob angry saw shirt thinking embarrassed mark front mark friends mark felt terrible bob saw anger embarrassed mark bob felt bad angry feelings times reasons angry step dealing angry feelings admit angry need think deal problem angry likely solve problem angry rid angry feelings ways getting mind busy help forget anger read book play game hobby rid anger physically active walk ride bike clean room deal calmly problem angry angry feelings stay talk parent friend talking feelings help calmer person talk able help solve problem help learn accept problem angry feelings talk adult trust learning control feelings help person think felt shy feels shy times
sara athlete won track events school track meets sara wants coach student especially likes reading difficulty math sara brothers carrie wants engineer loves math science carrie enjoys running fast carrie child sara carrie friends surprised girls friends friends friends reasons interests friends enjoy activities enjoy spending working hobby playing sports carrie sara interests friends values values things think important girls think important try stay healthy found values listening interests values reasons friends needs friends friends helps feel belong accepted friends teach things sara helped carrie improve running carrie helped sara science projects talk friends spend friends help deal problems friends helps feel number friends matter friends happy close friends close friends friendly enjoyable
clock says alarm rings sound goes ears wake sound waves form air vibrating object sound waves move directions picture follow path sound passes ear find outer ear part ear catches sound waves sends eardrum tissue vibrates sound waves hit notice eardrum touches set tiny bones middle ear eardrum vibrates makes bones move bone set vibrates cochlea liquid fills part ear cochlea lined tiny hairlike cells connected nerves brain hairlike cells move liquid vibrates cells send messages nerves hearing center brain brain tells hear hold cup hot soup hands hot put cup pick glass cold water cold difference hot cold nerve cells skin feel heat cold pain pressure special nerve endings skin detect feelings picture shows slice skin look microscope look kinds nerve endings notice found nerve endings send messages touch center brain brain tells feel number nerve endings differs parts body lips fingers neck nerve endings sensitive kinds touch
cells body need food cells nutrients food eat nutrients materials cells need repair damage cells heat body give energy food eat changed liquid cells process changing food liquid called digestion picture follow path food takes moves digestive system teeth cut grind food tiny bits saliva mouth makes food softer easier swallow tongue pushes food tube called esophagus mouth muscles walls esophagus push food stomach muscles walls stomach mash food mix juices stomach walls juices break food pictures show stomach moves digesting food stomach food thick soup muscles push food opening bottom stomach small intestine small intestine tube folded inside digestive juices intestine walls mix food organs including liver pancreas send juices small intestine help break food find liver pancreas small intestine pictures pages walls small intestine lined millions tiny hairlike parts called villi notice villi inside small intestine look shaggy rug inside villi tiny blood vessels nutrients pass thin walls blood vessels
kinds blood vessels arteries carry blood heart rest body veins carry blood rest body heart follow path blood blood vessels pictures blood vessels carrying blood oxygen shown violet blood dark red violet side heart pumps blood arteries lungs blood flows smaller vessels lungs smallest blood vessels tiny capillaries air sacs carbon dioxide blood goes thin capillary walls air sacs oxygen air sacs passes walls blood blood flows tiny veins blood returns heart larger larger veins enters left side heart left ventricle pumps blood main artery large artery divides smaller blood vessels blood flows vessels capillaries part body oxygen food pass blood tiny capillaries cells carbon dioxide cell wastes pass cells tiny capillaries veins blood flows veins side heart blood kinds cells cells look drop blood powerful microscope picture shows cells look blood color red blood cells cells small fit head pin red blood cells pick oxygen air sacs lungs red blood cells carry oxygen cells body
young ready start school special hopes plans want schoolwork want succeed ways students want join school clubs sports teams want write school paper especially newcomers want friends image help things want image help image person feels image generally feel image confidence willing try avoid activities try let mistakes remember makes mistakes times learn mistakes image recognize special person fact unique recognizing unique helps understand expect accepting differences helps image stay change poor image image
steve science test friday promised sell twenty tickets boy scout sold friend ryan keeps urging sign basketball school moment room mess mother annoyed top steve knows father thinking taking job town family move think steve feeling worried test wishes promised sell tickets want play basketball want tell ryan steve messy room makes feel uncomfortable looks concerned possibility moving town wonders friends troublesome feelings steve feel tense head hurts stomach upset experiencing stress body reactions demands facing stress prepares body deal difficult situations stress helpful person faced danger stress body ready face danger quickly think upsetting dangerous events stress true events think fun stress roller coaster feeling stress getting ready vacation stress exciting event situation taking test watching exciting sports event arguing family members stress
write report real person famous set reached goal person scientist doctor athlete inventor find information books encyclopedias magazines newspapers picture shows young person reached goal able buy bicycle describe person reach goal interview person set reached important goal person young adult ask person questions goals reached feel reached goals goals working grow heard question asked working career major goal accomplishment lives deciding career planning train confusing counselor help young decisions counselor high school help students try match abilities interests career choices counselor helps students meet fields tell students effective counselor keeps information jobs kinds training needed kind job counselor college education imagine counselor ask classmate act student meeting discuss career choices conduct interview student find careers interest
food guide page flexible families plan daily menus menus provide foods basic food groups person cold cereal breakfast slices bread lunch spaghetti supper foods servings bread cereal group person servings eating hot cereal breakfast rice lunch supper blueberry muffins snack variety key healthy meals family food choices notice variety foods included family chosen foods food groups family menu suit tastes notice need choose foods group part meal include suggested servings group regular meals snacks nutrition experts think need cut foods lot sugar fat cholesterol salt frequently eating foods large amounts substances lead health problems sugar tooth decay help person overweight foods added sugar sweeter taste chart shows amount sugar added common desserts snack foods surprised information chart average sized chocolate bar teaspoonfuls sugar sweetened breakfast cereals half sugar eating lot foods try eat fresh fruits vegetables
lisa poured milk sat eat breakfast cereal read sides cereal box ate lisa suddenly raised eyebrows surprise side panel read serving cereal fifteen grams sugar knew fifteen grams teaspoons sugar lisa decisions start eating unsweetened cereals read food labels reading food labels part wise food consumer consumes food foods supermarket sort container label notice variety colors designs product names labels bother reading rest information labels wise food consumer reads compares labels find products nutrition price food labels maps tell lot read notice labels food containers label list ingredients ingredients listed order weight main ingredients top list notice ingredients red box cereal rolled oats sugar box cereal oats weight sugar tuna shown page labels nutrition information information includes amount protein vitamins minerals nutrients serving amount fat salt cholesterol part nutrition information information especially important consumers trying limit fat salt cholesterol eat
body kinds tissue kinds tissue muscle bone fat amount person weight body fat called body fatness body fatness part health fitness think body fat bad amount fat important health fat stores vitamins fat helps body warm cold weather fat cushions protects organs injury body bumped amount fat helps give body shape body fat stores energy fact exactly fat stored energy body stored fat provide energy energy foods half body fat surrounds organs muscles half found skin doctor test boy picture tool called calipers measure thickness fold skin fat boy arm measurement tells doctor body fat boy fat important health fat problems fat body stored energy properly try lose weight lose body fat losing fat harmful stored energy muscle tissue begin break give body energy needs person loses weight weak develop diseases fat unhealthy
heard term mental health term means mental health easy term define mental health experts explain mental health feel feel meet demands pictures show characteristics mentally healthy mentally healthy generally feel accept weaknesses strengths mentally healthy understand weaknesses parts personality improve responsibility mistakes mentally healthy learn experiences including successes mistakes mentally healthy able home school play job communities show interest concern try friendly helpful able develop maintain relationships mentally healthy avoid problems difficult situations react chiefly angry words actions try deal challenges ways find solutions problems thinking problem making plan acting constructive faced situations find difficult frustrating embarassing try handle situations mentally healthy look forward experiences interested learning ideas accept responsibility act abilities try situations
recall times felt angry fearful worried maybe developed headache stomachache loss appetite remember heartbeat breathing faster excited maybe noticed hands perspired usual nervous result stress body general reaction demanding situations look picture find body occur times stress stress helpful alert provide energy strength lasting stress damage body organs lead illnesses situation pleasant unpleasant stress physical conditions hunger tiredness stress stress lasts satisfy need food rest injury body stress stress relieved injury heals body condition returns normal experience stress losing close family member death divorce operation failing course school problems home generally stress situation results anger fear worry person feel tense irritable stress occurs looking forward big event playing important game performing recital celebrating special holiday pleasant going trip selected sports team stress happiness joy success pleasant sources stress
relationships depends part knowing communicate communicate express thoughts feelings understand effective communication shared experience involves exchanging ideas viewpoints feelings communicate effectively need develop skills talking listening communicate talking learn express clearly easily hurt feelings meaning say vague misinterpreted expressing clearly talk help avoid misunderstanding instance conversations meaning janet response unclear conversation susan interpret janet reply mean janet true conversation susan knows janet going alice house coming visit reason think janet communicate talking forcing ideas avoid statements sure agree knows choice statements hesitate express ideas differ communication stop leave channel communication open expressing ideas tactfully say choice agree think tactful ask person thinks express idea
simple deciding turn light nervous system active nervous system helps gather relay interpret information information movements decisions nervous system information help body properly nervous system consists brain spinal cord nerves run body picture page trace information moves nervous system movement flipping light switch eyes locate switch wall sensory nerve cells relay information brain brain interprets information deciding need move turn light brain sends signals motor nerve cells muscles result signals muscles contract turn light nervous system helps gather information aware nerve endings skin pick information touch sense organs including eyes ears nose tongue gather kinds information nerve endings muscles pick information helps aware body position information travels sensory nerve cells spinal cord brain sense organs gather information antenna television sense organs receive information give picture gain awareness brain interprets information senses gather cerebrum part brain interprets information cerebrum sensations feelings pictures smells tastes sounds ideas
tallest person record robert pershing age feet inches tall growing height due abnormal activity endocrine gland endocrine glands play important role occur body grow endocrine glands act nervous system control functioning body organs glands achieve control releasing hormones bloodstream hormones act chemical messengers affect specific cells pictures show major glands endocrine system gland specific role body works find pituitary gland picture tiny gland known master gland releases hormones control endocrine glands pituitary gland releases hormones act directly body cells growth hormone hormone hormone bones organs grow reach adult height thyroid gland butterfly shaped gland wraps trachea gland produces hormone increases rate cells food oxygen produce energy amount thyroid hormone gland produces important thyroid hormone produced body processes slow person feel sluggish thyroid hormone body processes speed person feel jumpy growth hormone thyroid hormone act influence grow find glands attached thyroid gland hormone released glands helps regulate amounts minerals blood
easily family resemblance parents children picture family members dark hair person light hair children family grow change ways depending characteristics traits inherit heredity passing traits parents children heredity determined chromosomes shown picture chromosomes strands material nucleus cell carry information person inherited traits chromosomes chemical called dna portion dna determines specific trait gene genes chromosomes combination genes parents inherit traits parents reproductive cells fertilization male reproductive cell sperm unites female reproductive cell egg fertilized egg chromosomes pairs chromosome pair father chromosome pair mother fertilized egg grows baby chromosomes carry information child inherited traits children family traits children receive combinations genes parent information parents chromosomes determines person grow growth characteristics tend run family children tall parents taller average shorter parents tend children shorter average tendencies predictable heredity affects growth major ways heredity determines growth spurt begins genes direct pituitary gland begin producing growth hormone
lee walks classroom morning sits desk bell rings teacher calls attention written chalkboard lee glances words written finds series sentences sentences pictures teacher explains sentences famous quotations authors quotation shares common teacher asks important ideas expressed famous lines quotations lee teacher wants students think involve image image person image means accepting unique human means accepting idea strengths weaknesses image aware weaknesses dwell poor image hand feel realize important focus attention weaknesses compare unfavorably image important affects affects react experiences affects approach future image likely respond positively situations disappointments baseball team respond thinking team try harder spend practicing maybe baseball sport guess stick softball pretty softball
deciding career steps career planning decision easier later mind choose future job ahead need final choices interested thinking type someday start making decisions careers getting exploring variety jobs knowing able eventually choose job likely find job satisfaction learning jobs interest help wise job decisions later pay attention strengths interests revealed school grades girl picture likes science want explore careers science teacher doctor chemist biologist astronomer math want explore careers bookkeeper computer programmer accountant engineer surveyor think interests hobbies cook plan menus collect recipes want explore variety jobs area foods nutrition jobs area include cook baker food server restaurant manager dietitian hobbies shown pictures career ideas suggest ask questions
situations common read find window washer picture standing platform braced securely thirty floor high rise building finishes drying corner huge picture window observes glimmer sparkling glass smiles warning platform breaks loose beneath feet left dangling midair safety cable attached loop belt hands cling tightly cable stares ground heart beats wildly breathing speeds forehead begins perspire rick lead part school play scheduled place evening quickly glances clock wall backstage realizes ten minutes reciting lines opening scene director tells places curtain students line file past rick wishing luck minutes left audience begins applaud director appears stage rick feels sudden lump throat palms sweating heart pounding drum curtain opens eighth grade student nervously taps pencil desk eyes focused teacher passing copies final exam math beneath desk girl foot quickly shaking situations produced stressful responses involved actually stress type part
thought foods eat affect think foods affect health eat satisfy hunger careful planning diets contribute variety health problems researchers found need eat wide variety foods maintain health foods nourishing substances called nutrients healthy diet nutrients meet body needs nutrients supply materials needed growth repair body tissues supply body energy help body warm nutrients brain heart lungs liver kidneys organs body functioning properly nutrients divided main classes shown chart page carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals water nutrients widely distributed foods single food nutrients body needs research shows diets lack adequate amount carbohydrates starch fiber starch source energy addition foods starch needed vitamins minerals fiber fiber helps maintain normal elimination wastes studies show united states sugar salt diet excess sugar lead tooth decay weight gain relationship found excess salt high blood pressure research strong relationship diseases heart blood vessels diet high fats cholesterol diseases known cardiovascular diseases diet high fat provide body calories needs
maintain body weight need understand calories calories nutrients calories measure energy food measure amount energy grow develop part daily activities exception water foods eat drink calories chart page shows foods provide amounts calories slice rye bread calories slice chocolate cake approximately calories ten french fries calories peeled baked white potato calories study chart carefully types foods high calories types foods low calories amounts energy depending type amount physical activity involved look chart activities calories hour calories picture active calories sitting watching television calories tablespoons peanuts hour jogging running fast burn calories twenty minutes chart shows relationship number calories foods number minutes needed types activities picture shows weight determined balance number calories number body maintain weight body number calories food underweight taking fewer calories body needs
scientists believe risk cardiovascular diseases diseases heart blood vessels increased including fat saturated fat cholesterol diet terms mean fats main classes nutrients fats high calories ounce fat number calories ounce protein carbohydrate diet high fats lead excess weight gain overweight increases risk cardiovascular diseases notice types fats picture solid liquid fat meat known saturated fat solid form room temperature saturated fats generally animal sources corn oil known unsaturated fat liquid form room temperature unsaturated fats generally vegetable sources scientists believe saturated fat diet increase risk cardiovascular diseases cholesterol substance manufactured liver found animal fats cholesterol present body naturally cholesterol diet linked cardiovascular disease known atherosclerosis disease inside arteries narrowed hardened fatty deposits picture page heart difficulty pumping blood narrowed arteries eventually organs tissues body robbed bloodflow arteries completely blocked blockage occurs arteries supplying heart heart attack result blockage occurs arteries supplying brain stroke result young likely diseases atherosclerosis heart attack stroke
say personal statement characteristic ways think act talk show feelings unique form personality personality influenced heredity environment heredity potential limitations physical mental development environment influences try reach potential family part environment influences personality child learned emotions ways thinking based family reacted experiences young girl picture helping form personality experiences play especially important role determining grow think feel caring supportive family relationships positive influence child personality early family experiences positive develop healthy personalities play active role choosing positive mature experiences relationships help create experiences acting thinking positive ways caring supporting characteristic ways think act feel result experiences developed ideas experiences experiences helped produce personality recognize personality continue develop happy painful experiences feelings important part personality feelings experience emotions experiences emotions anxiety love anger happiness vary emotions affect express emotions
effort improve parts satisfied changed person trouble math improve math skills getting extra help teacher person interrupts practice listening talking unhappy parts need changed think need diet need lose weight think overweight talk physician find physician tell change look advantage opportunities learn learn successful experiences learn enjoy feeling mastered difficult learn failures joan tried show rocket navigational system works school science project understood concept finish project solve problems developed joan learned failure ask help start project earlier choose easier project joan positive attitude allowed feel learning subject interested talking positively involves thinking terms praise complaints mean conceited cartoon character avoid making negative statements especially perform expected put downs totally incompetent don understand science problem harmful concept
frank ken going party nervous arrive party frank suddenly developed slight headache quiet ken throat feels dry coughs nervously frank ken experiencing common effects stress notice try feel ease physical emotional reactions stressors reactions occur effects stress bodies minds reactions unpleasant upset stomach headache examples physical emotional reactions stressors helpful perform amount stress notice graph stress stress result poor performance illness amount stress situations varies lead active lives things concentrate getting thing physical emotional reactions stressors temporary feel act differently short stress reactions disappear stress relieved instance alice difficulty sleeping week school concert feels revved feeling helps performance relaxes able sleep stress relieved harmful person health ralph acne worse plays basketball game
blood flows capillaries plasma leaks return capillaries lymphatic system collects returns plasma bloodstream notice lymph vessels weave capillaries plasma body cells passes walls lymph vessels broken parts body cells particles fat particles protein cells enter lymph vessels substances mix plasma inside lymph vessels form fluid called lymph lymph flows vessels blood flows veins lymph vessels larger closer heart muscles surrounding vessels contract push lymph valves prevent lymph flowing backwards filtered lymph returned bloodstream heart large veins upper body lymphatic system plays important role fighting infection notice diagram special structures called lymph nodes located pathway lymph vessels nodes white blood cells blood cells help destroy harmful substances lymph passes lymph nodes lymph nodes produce white blood cells number white blood cells increases greatly body fighting communicable disease lymph nodes swell tender increased number white blood cells experienced swelling lymph nodes neck sore throat doctors check swelling lymph nodes part physical examination rush blood starts heart flows arteries force heart beats feel arteries expand pressure beat
skin main layers epidermis outer layer skin skin cells surface epidermis longer alive millions cells shed daily clothing towels cells grow deepest part epidermis live cells gradually move surface replacing older dead cells outer layer epidermis constantly pores tiny openings epidermis lead sweat oil glands epidermis substance produces color skin called melanin longer person exposed sun melanin produced protect skin extra melanin darkening existing melanin results suntan layer skin epidermis dermis notice dermis thicker epidermis structures blood vessels dermis carry oxygen nutrients heat skin cells blood vessels remove wastes sweat glands produce perspiration reaches skin surface pores hair grows type pore called hair follicle oil glands produce fatty substance sebum moves hair follicles skin surface sebum helps skin soft smooth helps waterproof skin kinds nerve cells dermis sense heat cold pressure pain layer fat beneath dermis cushions protects injury healthy skin makes feel look important skin healthy clean daily washing soap water remove dirt oils sweat soap clean skin
body function nutrients feel energy perform everyday activities body healthiest resist disease recover faster sick eating nutrients helps look condition skin hair nails teeth depends nutrition amount body fat depends nutrition addition affecting look feel nutrients affect behavior anxious easily angered tired hungry behaviors affect school food composed entirely living plants animals digestive process breaks food fifty nutrients body body needs nutrients health pieces needed complete jigsaw puzzle nutrients body classified types carbohydrates proteins fats vitamins minerals water carbohydrates proteins fats supply body energy nutrients minerals provide materials growth repair body tissues nutrients involved regulating body processes energy provided carbohydrates fats proteins measured units called calories calorie measure calculate amount energy body obtain foods carbohydrates proteins yield calories energy gram fats provide calories gram energy nutrients
idea democracy rule began athens greece greece single nation collection small independent nations called city states city consisted polis small city surrounding villages farms athens city governmental power athens concentrated council wealthiest influential citizens leading council oligarchy small group rulers controlled judicial military civil religious functions government group citizens assembly power elect council lost role oligarchy gained strength oligarchy gradually powerful pass laws suit interests expense middle lower classes laws eventually pushed farmers small merchants poor point revolt group ruling nobles beginning saw danger encouraged number political economic reforms land property held wealthiest athenian families redistributed poor constitution gave weak assembly power pass laws elect government officials council increased hundred members power propose carry laws ultimate effect allowing participate government kind mass participation citizens political known direct democracy athenians model city states importantly left history number governmental concepts idea majority rule law making process jury trials
friday fifty delegates twelve states assembled philadelphia expressed purpose revising articles confederation rhode island refused send delegate hot humid spring settled city sign hotter summer townspeople passed house convention site seventeen weeks understandably curious heat wasn window open give relief delegates inside door locked official reason secrecy ensure delegate express true beliefs reported press delegates knew deeper reason fifty walked steps house believed revise articles confederation felt articles destined die slow death delegates argued real purpose inventing entirely government daily advertiser york called delegates collective wisdom continent half fifty delegates college graduates large percentage read delegates deal practical experience government thirty members congress served constitutional conventions governors states signed declaration independence signed articles confederation thirty delegates lawyers business owners planters doctors unlike american delegates craft worker owner small farm laborer woman indian black
special lessons look meaning citizenship act citizens traditionally citizenship meant membership part nation community rights responsibilities commonly membership requirements law obeying laws serving armed forces war paying taxes voluntary acts large part society want members perform acts include working change unjust laws participating civic affairs helping voting intelligently saying pledge allegiance raising flag singing national anthem important acts citizenship instill patriotism symbolize ideas history spirit united states based bind diverse individuals groups common thread develop abilities americans confront nation needs fulfill potential citizenship positive quality society born naturalized nation citizens automatically citizens responsible citizenship learned special lessons citizenship book demonstrate acts responsible citizenship skills effective citizens demonstrates high school students citizenship skills improve community students canaan connecticut learned rock school visited local historical society surprise historic landmark public education lost bulldozer seated land purchased building construction historical society curator asked students help preserve schoolhouse money needed move school safe site
december japanese military forces attacked american naval base pearl harbor hawaii attack occurred miles continental united states unleashed fear racial hatred japanese americans living west coast total fifty thousand japanese born immigrants united states law ineligible citizenship remaining seventy thousand native born americans japanese ancestry possessing full rights citizenship seen japan months president franklin roosevelt issued executive order giving military remove felt posed threat national security order japanese americans moved relocation camps interior united states decision relocate japanese americans raises important question government suspend civil rights group citizens national emergency fully understand question examine nation attitude japanese americans japan nation prior war ii west coast united states held strong attraction late nineteenth early twentieth century asian immigrants primarily china japan land held agricultural potential pacific ocean promised full catches lumber gold railroad camps offered employment willing put days hard number immigrants grew prejudice distrust directed prejudice discrimination directed asians examples pertaining japanese highlighted order provide background larger issue placing japanese americans relocation camps war ii
afternoon age thirteen walking bicycle lane home fair oaks california church carnival struck swerving car hit hard hurled feet road driver car stopped days later california highway patrol arrested hit run driver investigation determined driver drunk accident fact killed jail bail days hit run drunk driving crash convicted drunk driving related offenses times served forty hours jail case trial november driver attorney plea bargained arrangement prosecutor accused person exchange guilty plea reduced charge promise leniency return plea guilty manslaughter charges dropped district attorney office judge found guilty sentenced jail prison camp halfway house released september serving eleven months eligible driver license reinstated mother candy shocked angry unfortunate accident victim violent crime questioned system allow person history drunk driving continue driving
america involved wars shots fired english troops colonists effort achieve independence united states small power isolating strong nations mighty superpower forefront international politics president congress decide type recruitment systems united states required meet peacetime wartime needs principal methods build troop force method draft known conscription selection individuals population large method relies volunteers fill military ranks approach known professional army method nation depended severity struggle climate times nation adopted draft civil war entered war united states entered war ii congress revived draft passed selective service training act act allowed expire shortly war ii ended result increasingly hostile relations united states soviet union congress enacted selective service act draft law amendments allowed conscription korean vietnam wars military relied exclusively volunteer soldiers wars president richard nixon responded strong public war feeling ended draft troubled international climate late president jimmy carter called registration eligible young united states ready institute draft quickly need arise
feel happy feel sad times feel angry times feel surprised feelings feelings children feelings feelings change feel feel feelings change child feel feel feelings change feelings feelings paul friends ran race ben won race jane paul run fast win races think paul feels help paul feels sad remember run fast play games read draw sing look things paul feel proud things paul ways feel proud mike standing playground looking children children laughing playing mike think mike feels help mike feels lonely needs friend help mike talk mike ask play mike lonely friends help friendly marty problem unkind friend ruth
brain wonderful part think brain brain helps learn brain helps move helps talk helps happy sad feelings picture shows brain body brain look brain helps brain helped today body brain brain help senses senses seeing hearing smelling touching tasting senses learn things parts body help parts help hear parts help smell touch taste brain messages senses think messages brain brain sends messages body messages tell body suppose stop sign brain message think color shape sign message brain send senses brain messages nerves carry messages brain nerves eyes ears nose tongue brain nerves skin brain nerves carry messages messages girl eyes brain girl nerves carry messages brain parts body messages tell muscles move
bones hold body straight bones help move bones grow grow hundred bones body bones short kinds bones help kinds bones fun bones wiggle small bones feet hands feel bones head jaw help poem hearing start words picture foods taste girls picture trying find partner try foods looking think seeing foods helps taste explain answer finish story friends today brain ways bend twist turn body bending places bending places joints bones fit joints feel wrist finger joints let hand move joints shoulders elbows knees joints body help move ways find joints picture leg joints joints let muscles body muscles help bones move muscles help hold bones place muscles grow grow muscles sizes shapes feel muscles
imagine moment returned stay country order immerse fully culture host country avoided media coverage events united states ask friends happened likely begin response telling common past decided college future father construction business friend joined army mutual acquaintance high school serving prison drug charge friends gotten married moved section country stood chance finding jobs conversation likely vein local events goings accounted ask happened country large absence friends likely tell won series super bowl championship stanley cup depending interests mention recent movies plays books concerts television shows attracted national attention reference weather hurricane blizzard heat wave flood lot damage part united states friends likely mention politics ask going area sorts answers expect receive
quotation touches issues raised debates democracy primary concern government improve minds material average person live society produces supports artistic geniuses writers situation comedies grow rich member political system international power glorious history short lives citizens happier de tocqueville interested reasons form government led examine kinds policies adopted forms governments ensure citizens die peaceful death property safe live strong centralized government collects heavy taxes maintains strong military forces run elite limits participation ignorant average citizen functions government de tocqueville mentions possibility ensuring enjoyment misery individual society idea led focus government policies process government seeing participation process reward equal sharing benefits government policies talking democracy de tocqueville mentions loss artistic genius military glory fostered forms government loss answer lie democratic process
structure government created articles confederation simple article established congress convenient management general interests united states permanent executive judicial institutions created articles functions delegated congress ad hoc commissions officers congress power treaties raise army navy declare war coin money borrow money conduct foreign policy regulate indian affairs establish postal service funds carrying duties structure congress voting procedures difficult exercise powers send representatives congress act measure support thirteen delegations required measure represented change articles support thirteen states required requiring thirds vote measures obviously weakened power congress national institution weakened fact articles confederation give powers tax regulate commerce enforce decisions article iv left regulation commerce respective states article viii talked common national treasury left taxing power filling treasury individual states article xiii stated abide determinations united states congress assembled questions confederation submitted directive enforced
reading text amendments differ amendment amendment focuses content laws fourth sixth amendments focus procedures government tries person violating law procedural guarantees obviously important persons suspected charged crime reason amendments referred rights accused makes amendments guarantee rights accused fact procedures create serve protect members society arbitrary governmental action intended prevent government court system guise maintaining public order punish political goal preventing abuse achieved guaranteeing persons accused crime regardless nature procedural safeguards accused crime rely directly guarantees belief ideas limited government outlined earlier chapters means stake political system deals accused amendments political sense expansive interpretation amendments warren court contributed important role issue law order played presidential election richard nixon promised appoint judicial conservatives supreme court warren court weakening peace forces criminal forces society
view federalism closely series supreme court decisions beginning civil war coming firmly side national government supporters dual federalism emphasize need strict boundaries policy sphere policy sphere development theory coincides emergence corporations united states close relationship economic sphere distribution political power federal system turn century textbook describes political system federal governments distinct separate action system says factory sets machinery revolving wheels apparently inter mixed bands crossing set touching hampering dual federalism emphasized uniqueness separateness levels government worked primarily advantage emerging corporations governments attempted regulate object regulation violated fourteenth amendment depriving actual legal persons property due process law series supreme court decisions late upheld view struck regulatory legislation constitution limited congressional powers area interstate commerce businesses able avoid national regulation maintaining activities involve interstate commerce major impact dual federalism notion allow private economic forces escape regulation control governments national government
dealt seemingly distinct issues chapter quick review introductory text justice hope shown problems nation building federalism size constituencies concentration economic power united states political history racism tied seemingly neutral debate centralization versus decentralization hope shown subject surface involve abstractions actually involves things greatly affect everyday lives chapter alluded define democracy terms full participation procedures policy benefits champions participatory democracy look decentralized form government help achieve democratic goal decentralization maximizes political system points access arenas participation chapter seen factors idea decentralization problematic participation empty ritual meaningless exercise affect permitting full participation decentralized government control centralized economic system remove participation power policy drain political meaning calls participatory democratic theorists workplace democracy added importance view terms economic centralization chapter review federalism structure constituencies american politics raises similar questions american democracy viewed procedural policy terms
approach age likely kinds situations encourage participation likely entered stable relationship parents entered career home earning reasonable income prestige status encourages pay attention feel difference active electoral system surge youth participation election function electoral politics suddenly relevant youth election olds vote war vietnam full bloom continuation ill advised military kill large number young friends relatives george mcgovern eugene mccarthy candidates ran campaigns systematically appealed young dependent activism large numbers young volunteers pattern involvement america youth table jimmy carter gerald ford appealed traditional values youth culture war vietnam ended nixon office watergate attendant horrors threaten young war recession concern keeping getting job took spare energy devoted politics doubt substantial part decline political participation young attributed failure political leadership continue appeal young failure leadership continue making electoral politics relevant youth
chapter examines americans participation elections annual ritual democracy primarily examines ways voters decide competing candidates parties examines aspects campaigns designed vote prevent voting voting rational irrational vote necessarily decision based options voter likes candidates standing election sees meaningful difference parties decide vote vote lesser evils attribute rationality decisions voting generally based traditional loyalty party major parties lost supporters past ranks independents swelled factors notably attitudes issues evaluations major candidates capabilities begun overcome impact party loyalty candidates top ticket receive publicity candidates voter knows candidates party labels serve cues evaluating reading chapter bear mind electoral system perfect imperfections frequently attributed voters result imperfect system providing choices choice choice elections crucial procedure democratic political system true procedural democratic theorists discussed chapter
misery index grown worse combined unemployment inflation rate exceeded ronald reagan attack failure carter administration adequate job managing economy told voters ask lives answer vote carter democrats office recalled context democrats viewed able manage economy republicans days franklin roosevelt asking voters government guarantee full employment cbs news york times election night survey asked voters problem thought important unemployment inflation traditionally democrats view unemployment problem campaign reagan say putting americans top priorities carter president follow policies generated recession means combating inflation words traditional party positions reversed table democrats electorate likely unemployment important issue carter votes democrats republicans likely say inflation important reagan supported republicans carter spite record strongest voters thought unemployment important able slight statistically insignificant lead reagan independents unemployment important
eliminated clearly incompetent corrupt unworthy unrepresentative qualified independent unpredictable radical nominating process serve exclude candidacy public office nominating process reconcile role party leadership opportunity rank file participation balancing act process open democratic guarantee citizenry meaningful choices leadership role process structured prevent corruption structure nominating system give weight experience knowledge judgment expertise political leaders prevent citizens manipulated making unwise unreasonable choices quality choices voters general elections depends quality candidates emerge nominating process argue nominations important elections decisions nominating process electing process candidate nominated basis ability perform office ability candidate win election electoral criteria outweigh performance criteria forced choose qualified qualified party case primaries candidate capabilities performer fore convention settings qualities account pragmatic politicians perceived candidate chance nominated position top ticket
resource access ability powerful peoples attention money speech worthless access speak power access crucial politicians publicly extremely wealthy bank robbers central intelligence agency contracted leaders organized crime foreign officials late howard hughes hired national chairman democratic party advise public relations matters hughes secretly donated cash president nixon reelection campaign robert donated donors later fled country testify grand juries access spectacular corrupt result political activity possession political resources political scientists authors asked advice public officials escorted city council office majority leader words professor politics political organizations desperate volunteers walks door starts working rapidly gain access access heard seriously access skill making decisions need access decisions secret impossible person matter wealthy educated respectable gain access person needed decision makers
manner reminiscent british system administration provided strong symbolic leader encourage stability national unity washington administration produced efficient partisan operative alexander hamilton struggled political arena programs adopted secretary treasury hamilton acted washington prime minister caught flack administration lightning rod push programs washington administration received credit establishing national currency subsidizing industry tariffs bounties copyright laws keeping country european war greatly strengthening military hamilton brilliant partisan efforts eventually led driven office antifederalists gained control house representatives washington presidency escaped unscathed washington ability assume politics stance subsequent presidents found valuable contributions washington worth noting establishment cabinet calling department heads periodic counsel joint policy making assertion presidential dominance foreign policy proclaiming executive fiat neutrality french british war putting doctrine executive privilege refusing give congress papers relating jay treaty britain jefferson expanded role president party leader commander chief party leader jefferson took tack washington remaining politics wheeling dealing associate jefferson played active role persuading legislators follow policy leads
chapter discussed meaning term politics saw designates process determines society chapter looked democratic theory framework provided general consideration seek obtain form government quoted length observations subject french aristocrat alexis de tocqueville book democracy america de tocqueville comment book think relevant chapter scarcely political question arises united states resolved sooner later judicial question statement believe correct today hundred fifty ago think political questions terms major issues history american politics slavery government regulations economy federalism taxes war powers voting rights aspects civil rights find issues judicial question settled judicial branch national government think political questions terms everyday basis find federal courts called hundreds thousands criminal civil cases decide denied awarded material benefits deprived freedom government think judicial system political branches government
supporters due process model constitute minority significant total population supreme court lower federal courts generally model supreme court overturned conviction murder case escobedo illinois police refused suspect request lawyer obtained confession miranda arizona court thing suspect clearly told sixth amendment counsel provided questioned police crime control model criminal law process takes opposite view begins observation police reason enforce laws maintain order criminal law process flows goal police force evaluated terms efficiently achieves goal proponents view consider ridiculous known rapist murderer set free police forgot sure lawyer interrogated suspect confessed forgot judge signature tapping suspect phone view judicial process sets highest putting guilty jail controlling disorder efficiently goal lead police decisions violate law order capture break police convinced person heads city narcotics ring clean picked charges find easy justify planting quantities heroin apartment raid
chapter looked political nature judicial decision making levels united states supreme court trial courts local governments simple listing issues supreme court called settle illustrates important political role court supreme court began annual term recent october cases raised questions women included military draft registration program statutory rape laws discriminate degree affirmative action programs favor blacks chicanos women white males environmental protection agency consider industry setting antipollution standards extent federal communications commission base radio station license renewal commission view community need classical music rock roll talk shows states prohibit abortions minors parents consent welfare agencies children parents considers unfit political party open primaries vote states prevent minor parties appearing election ballot trials televised citizen sue president united states monetary damages continuing refinement amendment rights persons accused crime clearly important political issues supreme court political role guaranteed nature cases fact justices discretion base decisions political values narrow technical application law
chemistry defined science concerned characterization composition transformations matter definition adequate fails convey spirit chemistry science vital growing enterprise accumulation knowledge sciences generating nature scientific concept stimulates fresh observation experimentation lead progressive refinement development concepts interests scientific fields overlap boundaries distinct scientific concepts methods find universal application light scientific growth surprising scientific pursuit frequently crosses artificial human imposed boundaries common vague understanding province chemistry return preliminary definition fuller understanding emerge book unfolds chemistry concerned composition structure substances forces hold structures physical properties substances studied provide clues structural determinations serve basis identification classification specific materials chemical reaction focus chemistry interest chemistry extends conceivable aspect transformations includes considerations detailed descriptions rates reactions proceed conditions required bring desired prevent undesired energy accompany chemical reactions syntheses substances occur nature natural counterparts quantitative mass relations materials involved chemical
atoms extremely small particles weighed individually important aspect dalton attempt determine relative masses atoms dalton based system hydrogen atom comparing masses atoms mass hydrogen atom consider dalton assigned relative mass oxygen atom water compound consists oxygen hydrogen mass dalton incorrectly assumed water atom oxygen combined atom hydrogen basis mass single oxygen atom mass single hydrogen atom stand ratio approximately arbitrary assignment mass hydrogen atom give relative mass approximately oxygen atom formulation dalton water incorrect actually atom oxygen combined atoms hydrogen mass oxygen atom approximately times mass hydrogen atoms hydrogen atom assigned mass hydrogen atoms combined mass scale oxygen atom relative mass approximately times dalton errors assigning relative atomic masses credit introducing concept recognizing importance relative masses atoms basis solution quantitative chemical problems values called atomic weights term literally correct refers masses weights term sanctioned usage
energy defined capacity forms energy heat energy electrical energy chemical energy form energy converted form energy created destroyed international system si unit joule unit energy measurements including heat measurements unit named honor james joule student john dalton joule demonstrated definite quantity heat obtained amount converted heat temperature measure hotness coldness property matter determines direction heat flows spontaneously objects temperatures contact heat flow object higher temperature object lower temperature temperature heat defined form energy flows spontaneously body higher temperature body lower temperature liquids expand temperature increases mercury thermometer designed expansion mercury measure temperature thermometer type consists small bulb sealed tube narrow bore called capillary tube bulb part tube mercury space mercury evacuated upper end tube sealed temperature increases mercury expands rises capillary tube celsius temperature scale named anders celsius swedish astronomer employed scientific studies part international system
bond formed frequently called coordinate covalent bond unwise labeling specific bond coordinate covalent bond implies covalent bonds justification notion electrons alike matter source bonds identical impossible distinguish notice number electron pair bonds atom agree number predict nitrogen atom valence electrons group expected satisfy octet principle sharing electron pairs prediction correct correct explanation observation obtained calculating formal charges atoms formal charge calculated apportioning bonding electrons equally bonded atoms electron atom covalent bond comparing number electrons atom structure number valence electrons atom electrically neutral atom considered valence electrons division covalent bonds neutral atom valence electrons atom assigned formal charge atom number electrons structure neutral atom carries formal charge
note absolute temperatures abbreviated degrees kelvin degree sign abbreviation absolute temperatures listed column table fact volume directly proportional absolute temperature readily recognized data table volume selected point relationship absolute temperature doubled volume doubles ml ml volume sample gas varies directly absolute temperature pressure held constant generalization known charles law numerical proportionality constant depends pressure size gas sample absolute temperature scale proposed william thomson lord kelvin unit named honor absolute measurement scale based point represents complete absence property measured scales type negative values impossible length centimeters absolute measurement cm represents complete absence length say cm cm absolute measurements celsius temperature scale absolute scale point freezing point water lowest temperature negative celsius temperatures doubling celsius temperature sample gas double volume gas hand kelvin scale absolute lowest temperature negative kelvin temperatures impossible negative lengths negative volumes
consider molecules represented figure dipole moment molecule result individual bond electron pairs molecule molecules consideration central atom electronegative atoms bonded negative end bond dipole points central atom tetrahedral arrangement polar bonds produces molecule polar dipole moment center positive charge molecule derived considering bonds falls center atom coincides center negative charge molecule hand trigonal pyramidal molecule polar dipole moment polar bonds electron pair arranged molecule dipole negative end directed top trigonal pyramid positive end bottom similarly angular molecule polar dipole moment polar bonds electron pairs contribute dipole negative end directed atom positive end directed point halfway atoms influence pair electrons dipole moment molecule seen case molecule structure similar figure direction polarity bonds reverse electronegative
calculations show number molecular collisions unit situation extremely large room temperature atm pressure collisions occur collision molecule resulted reaction process fraction reactions rapid collision lead reaction number collisions produce reactions called effective collisions small fraction total number collisions molecules reasons collision effective molecules improperly aligned figure collision gentle molecules rebound unchanged electron cloud molecule course negatively charged slow moving molecules approach closely rebound repulsion due charges electron clouds faster moving molecules deterred repulsion impact collision reaction occur effective collision sum energies colliding molecules equal exceed minimum effect temperature reaction rates reinforces view rates chemical reactions increase temperature raised effect observed endothermic exothermic reactions increase temperature temperatures room temperature found increase reaction rate rapid molecular motion results increase temperature brings larger number molecular collisions unit
rate reaction expressed terms decrease concentration reactant unit increase concentration product unit reaction rate directly proportional concentrations reactants raised powers including mathematical statement relates reaction rate concentrations reactants called rate equation rate law proportionality constant rate equation called rate constant order reaction equal sum exponents concentration terms rate equation form rate equation determined measuring initial rates series reactions initial concentrations reactants varied rate equations relate reaction rates concentrations converted mathematical expressions relate concentrations elapsed expressions find concentration identify order reaction table half reaction takes half reactant converted products order reactions half independent initial concentrations reactants reaction orders half varies initial concentrations collision theory accounts rate chemical reaction basis collisions reacting molecules effective collision results reaction minimum energy required colliding molecules aligned properly
order reverse expected basis electronegativity hydride series hf weakest acid series formed element highest electronegativity factors influence acid strength electronegativity central atom size central atom factors effect atomic size outweighs electronegativity effect proton easily removed hydride central atom large electron cloud diffuse central atom small hydrogen compounds elements period compared small differences sizes central atom unimportant size central atom important elements group compared atomic radii members group increase markedly lightest heaviest members fluorine atomic radius pm iodine atomic radius pm hf weak acid hi strong acid consider carbon sulfur iodine elements belong groups atomic radius pm pm pm marked increase acidity hydride increase size central atom methane dissociate water weak acid hi strong acid
chemical reactions fundamentally electrical nature electrons involved ways types chemical bonding electrochemistry primarily study oxidation reduction phenomena relations chemical change electrical energy theoretical practical importance chemical reactions produce electrical energy cells called voltaic galvanic cells electrical energy bring chemical transformations electrolytic cells addition study electrochemical processes leads understanding oxidation reduction phenomena place cells electric current flow electric charge metals charge carried electrons electrical conduction type called metallic conduction current results application electric force supplied battery source electrical energy complete circuit produce current metallic crystals terms mobile electron clouds fixed structures positive metal ions section electrons forced end metal wire impressed electrons displace electrons cloud point entry displaced electrons turn assume positions pushing neighboring electrons ahead effect transmitted length wire electrons forced wire opposite end current source regarded electron pump serves force electrons end circuit drain end position wire electrical neutrality preserved rate electrons equals rate electrons
cations ions produced anode move water surface object cathode ions produced cathode move anode regions ions meet form fe iron ii hydroxide stable presence moisture oxygen hydroxide oxidized iron iii hydroxide reality hydrated iron iii oxide rust places rusted iron object pitted regions iron goes solution ions regions open moisture air involved cathode reaction rust forms spots removed places pitting occurs regions painted object rusts regions spots paint broken bare iron metal exposed moisture oxygen regions iron pitted spots beneath painted surface pitting paint flake accelerates rusting rust forms spots regions closer region region transformation fe rust requires salt water accelerates rusting ions present water help carry current miniature voltaic cells set surface iron ions cl catalyze electrode reactions impurities iron enhance rusting pure iron rust rapidly
liquid sulfur undergoes series temperature increased melting point liquid sulfur light yellow mobile liquid consisting principally molecules continued heating sulfur red brown highly viscous material viscosity reaches maximum heating boiling point viscosity liquid decreases believed viscosity effect caused dissociation rings formation chains atoms temperatures approaching boiling point appears chains break fragments sulfur heated approximately poured cold water red brown rubbery mass called plastic sulfur obtained assumed plastic sulfur consists mainly chains sulfur atoms ray analysis plastic sulfur shown molecular structure characteristic fibers room temperature plastic sulfur supercooled liquid slowly crystallizes rings re form sulfur vapor shown consist molecules paramagnetic stable modification selenium room temperature gray metallic hexagonal form crystals constructed zigzag chains selenium atoms form photoelectric cells low electrical conductivity hexagonal selenium increased times exposure element light forms selenium red shown rings similar rings addition amorphous forms selenium
hydrocarbons compounds carbon hydrogen alkanes carbon carbon bonds single bonds open chain alkane conforms general formula alkane ring structure called conforms general formula alkene called carbon carbon double bond molecule open chain alkenes conform general formula conform general formula general formula carbon carbon triple bond open chain structure aromatic hydrocarbons compounds molecular structures based benzene ring structure atoms joined bonds delocalized bonding system principal source alkanes petroleum aromatic hydrocarbons obtained coal processes utilize alkanes derived petroleum replacement hydrogen atom hydrocarbon atom group atoms called substitution reaction addition reactions characteristic unsaturated hydrocarbons compounds multiple bonds rule predict principal product reagent adds multiple bond unsaturated hydrocarbon principal reactions aromatic hydrocarbons substitutions additions alcohol derivative alkane hydroxyl group replaces hydrogen atom alcohols prepared alkyl halides displacement reactions important class organic reactions includes reactions includes reactions alcohols
product called free amino group end free carboxyl group condense amino acids form chains called polypeptides proteins polypeptides hydrolysis polypeptide reverse condensation process produces amino acids radicals preceding formulas vary considerably structures simple hydrocarbons rings including aromatic rings additional cooh groups incorporate sh groups structures twenty amino acids regularly found proteins occasionally found minor constituents proteins amino acid residues chain average molecular weight amino acid residue protein molecular weight roughly amino acid residues amino acids protein occur definite order type amino acid times polypeptide chain protein hundreds thousands amino acid residues tremendous number arrangements amino acids sequence amino acid residues protein called primary structure primary structure bovine insulin determined frederick fragment structure shown figure complete structure amino acid residues connected chains amino acid residues
synthesis protein thought occur steps figure transfer rna carrying amino acid attached messenger rna pairing transfer rna attached messenger rna chain peptide linkage formed amino acids transfer rna transfer rna released leaves amino acid bound transfer rna type attached messenger rna soon peptide bond connects amino acid transfer rna transfer rna released process stops correspond amino acid encountered synthesis protein directed single messenger rna specific enzymes catalyze step entire process including formation messenger rna bonding amino acid transfer rna formation polypeptides rapid estimated hundreds peptide bonds formed min change dna cell result change messenger rna produced alteration resulting protein called mutations prove beneficial harmful trivial passed generation generation mutations responsible genetic diseases tay sachs disease sickle cell anemia hemophilia huntington enzymes biological catalysts
return dr original question let assume interested triggered migratory response warblers general exemplified observed tree window response general question warblers begin migrating august dr points kinds causal explanations warblers move south response decline food supply insect eaters starve death remained maine insects begin dying end august explanation causally relates migration patterns general environmental especially concerned food supply warblers begin moving south course evolution acquired hereditary constitution programs respond environmental end summer birds screech owls genetic constitution respond end summer environmental stimuli migrating explanation relates migration genetic resulting evolutionary processes warblers begin migrating physiological august physiological mechanism triggers parts nervous system resulting migratory flight response internal physiological explanation closely fourth type explanation specific environmental factors activate intrinsic physiological mechanism warblers explanation puts emphasis external factors triggering explanation deals nature trigger explanations mutually exclusive complete explanation consist fall categories involve interaction environmental factors organism internal makeup
living cell approximately percent water occurs water medium exist chemical physical properties water unique medium living organisms cases uniqueness stems polar nature water molecules water solvent water serves excellent solvent wide range substances molecule atoms groups atoms polar unpaired electrons exposed protons attract attracted polar water molecules water molecules snuggle types atoms molecules snuggling atoms molecules dissociate atom group atoms ions groups atoms solvent property water makes universal agent transporting substances organisms water liquid medium single celled organisms individual cells organisms exist water molecules highly cohesive polarity water molecules tend stick lie general patterned relationship held position hydrogen bonds formed positive negative ends molecules diagram cohesiveness water effects water tends high surface tension topmost layer molecules pulled beneath packs densely layer beneath layers molecules surface densely packed top layer creates surface tension tension insects walk water liquids alcohol ammonium
recently research team stanford university headed physicist dr calvin developed acoustic microscope sound waves light waves image acoustic microscope depends density elasticity viscosity object viewed properties actually vital nature living matter optical refractive index light microscope relies terms resolution current models compete favorably light microscopes short hope able challenge electron microscopes disadvantage vacuum viewing material longer alive forms techniques techniques study cells supplement significant labeling isotopes forms element element carbon protons neutrons nucleus electrons orbitals number protons electrons determines type atom addition neutron carbon carbon carbon carbon carbon chemical behavior electrons outer orbital give tendency form covalent bonds atomic mass increased case technique called mass lighter isotopes separated heavier imagine rolling steel ball bearings incline pass bar magnet clearly lighter ball bearing deflected heavy end position end incline
obvious biochemical pathway evolve short circuit important biochemical pathway prevent carrying function calvin adding mechanism allow phenomenon occur undergoing continuing cycle produce synthesis glucose high energy intermediate alternatively undergo addition oxidation produces acid broken produce process called clearly counterproductive leads net loss carbon incorporation carbon backbone energy rich compounds emphasized ordinary respiration carried living organisms plant animal respiration occurs mitochondria stopped inhibitors block respiration clear biochemical process yield high energy compound atp occur hypothesized compete active site enzyme catalyzes oxidation wins competition depends environmental conditions temperature high oxidation favored leaves plants hot production photosynthesis slows ceases predicted cases competitive hypothesized occur concentration competing molecules factor concentration high concentration low occurs carbohydrate synthesis occurs reverse conditions prevail low high oxygen concentration oxidation predominates photosynthetic process thwarted
bible word seed actually refers sperm cells fertilize egg process fertilization sperm cells understood plants seed structure results fertilization occurred plant seed consists protective coat stored food plant embryo seed lie inactive dormant periods stimulated environmental factors water temperature beginning initial growth germination germination refers steps seed takes water process called seedling sustaining planted garden knows ways plant type seed ensure proper germination planted deep generally means amount stored food seeds seedling surface centimeters planted deeper seeds run gas shoots reach light begin energy rich compounds growth wheat seedlings germination involves synthesis growth hormones called gibberellins discussed shortly hormones diffuse stored food endosperm outermost layer response hormones begins secrete enzyme amylase converts starch endosperm simple sugars monosaccharides sugars turn embryo energy shoot surface send roots additional nutrients breakdown sugar compounds occurs hydrolysis
small soluble food materials exist high concentration blood supplying intestinal lining show considerably lower concentration digested food materials according simple laws diffusion osmosis soluble food molecules expected pass bloodstream tracer experiments show hypothesized diffusion osmosis factors responsible absorption foods minerals lower digestive tract experiment designed hypothesis leads contradictions loops small intestine experimental animals tied rest digestive tract percent concentration sodium chloride solution nacl distilled water injected loops series percent concentration sodium chloride injected equal number loops percent concentration sodium chloride injected set loops blood sodium chloride concentration approximately percent concentration sodium chloride series blood supplying intestinal loops concentration series blood concentration series greater blood hypothesis proposing physical factors diffusion osmosis involved absorption soluble substances intestinal wall predict sodium chloride pass blood loop series concentration gradient direction loop series hypothesis predict passage sodium chloride blood diffusion water drawn blood osmosis
anterior lobe pituitary gland secretes tropic hormones including hormone acth stimulates outer region cortex adrenal glands adrenal cortex produce hormones discussed shortly acts similar manner thyroid gland growth hormone somatotropin hormones sexual functions discussed chapter secretion somatotropin development results production midgets reverse condition giantism unlike posterior lobe pituitary cell processes hypothalamus intimate anatomic association brain anterior lobe portion pituitary brain control regarding synthesis release hormones produces fact considerable amount control exists brain specialized cells produce compounds known hormone releasing inhibiting substances substance chemically identified called hormone called releasing inhibiting factor cells brain produce substances release capillary network primary capillary ventricle brain connecting veins portal veins released inhibiting substances travel anterior lobe pituitary mentioned posterior lobe pituitary stores releases hormones produced hypothalamus polypeptides contraction smooth muscles plays special role contraction uterus childbirth maternal care secretion milk nursing mothers
british mathematician ronald fisher statistical analysis data mendel reported paper fisher trying answer basic question scientific procedure extent mendel conclusions mind carried experiments peas expected hoped find approaching question neutral objective viewpoint looking mendel data yellow versus green seeds fisher found cross heterozygotes mendel reported yellows greens yellow seed dominant green seed expected ratio mendel results represent deviation ratio statistical grounds deviation expected course getting close fit expectations improbable occasion flipping penny times exactly heads tails claimed heads tails wonder honesty case mendel fisher found close fit expectation reported ratios fisher calculates taking series experiments chance getting results mendel claimed probability trials argument comes close saying series experiments mendel reported carried possibility mendel knew expected apparent case equally close fit wrong expectations mendel set determine plants showing dominant traits homozygous heterozygous
meiosis resembles mitosis occurs cell division descriptive phases mitosis spindle apparatus formed chromosomes migrate daughter cells result meiosis differs significantly mitosis generally cell divisions known meiosis meiosis ii chromosome behaviors meiosis mitosis course important difference meiosis process yielding haploid number chromosomes meiosis characterized prophase division meiosis process called homologous chromosomes pair lie fig phase interphase meiosis dna replication histone synthesis occurred homologous chromosome replicated results structure composed chromatids fig note duplicates remain attached region centromere formation sections chromatids pairs overlap wrap forming patterns called singular shown fig think formation evidence phenomenon called crossing occurred reciprocal exchange chromosomal pieces sister chromatids mixing genetic traits crossing obvious importance study inheritance genetic variation additional potential recombining parental traits major advantage sexual reproduction formation homologous chromosomes line cell equator typical metaphase closely fig
eggs differ considerably structure sperm eggs cytoplasm things nutritive substance called yolk fig food developing organism start embryonic development yolk mixture fatty compounds proteins fatty compounds provide rich source energy proteins supply building materials growth familiar yolk chicken egg birds eggs amount yolk large eggs reptiles snakes alligators turtles lizards deal yolk eggs animals frogs insects yolk eggs reptiles birds eggs mammals cat dog rabbit human yolk amount yolk stored eggs species depends isolated sources food embryo embryos birds reptiles complete entire development fertilized egg young animal confines original egg shell yolk supply correspondingly large frog insect eggs intermediate amount yolk stored energy building material carry development part produce intermediate free living stage larva capable feeding acquiring material needed complete development larvae frog tadpole moth butterfly caterpillars beetle grubs fly maggots notoriously voracious transformation larvae adults called metamorphosis typical organisms produce eggs intermediate amounts yolk mammals larval stage amount yolk present small sufficient fertilized egg zygote early cell divisions
cancer major death united states today affects ages socioeconomic groups statistically ages forty sixty hardest hit cancer learned recent cure cancer disease cells lose ability control basic metabolic processes including rate growth cancer cells grow rapidly producing clusters cells called tumors cancer cells break tissue part drift body producing secondary tumors process known metastasis metastasis difficult problem means cancer spreads areas body tumor begun increasingly difficult treat characteristics cancer cells characteristics help trying find cure disease cancel cells high metabolic rate consuming large amounts glucose producing large quantities waste products including lactic acid cancer cells spend considerable amount metabolic energy random protein synthesis especially synthesis enzymes general metabolic processes cancer cells characteristic tissue cancer cells lack usual controls mitosis cytokinesis characteristic adult tissue sufficient nourishment divide continuously unmitigated reproduction negative effects organism large quantities body energy reserves making unavailable vital functions reduces ability affected tissue organ carry main function cases produces mechanical problems blockage gastrointestinal tract generates pressure brain tumors lead additional problems
travels darwin confronted crucial question mechanism evolution occur considering question darwin drew kinds information experience animal plant breeders observations naturalists including extent individual variation species main practice human history producing breeds agricultural plants animals selection farmers deliberately chose parents generation individuals traits phenotypes present language wanted offspring breeding random selective selection case directed human beings making conscious choices selection occur nature directing course events ingredients darwin clearly principle natural selection explaining selection sort human beings practiced breeding domesticated animals plants occur nature late september happened reading amusement book titled essay principle population clergyman political economist thomas robert malthus malthus book written primarily opposition egalitarianism french revolution attempted demonstrate poverty caused poor malthus argued poverty result high birthrate urban poor reason simple according malthus human population grows geometric rate increase order food supply grows arithmetic rate
porifera called sponges simplest multicellular animals known fig spend lives anchored rock solid surface beneath water freshwater marine sponge body consists numerous small pores water drawn central cavity called fig sponge body maintains shape presence skeleton typically silicon calcium calcareous structures known spicules branched unbranched structures secreted special cells middle jelly layer sponge wall sponges produce calcareous spicules supported network tough fibers sponges shallow tropical seas harvested commercial purposes general household word sponge derived sponge body divided cell layers separated outer layer called dermal cells form covering surface layer composed special collar cells choanocytes flagella motion flagella creates current pulls water pores forces osculum top organic material small microorganisms algae brought water currents engulfed choanocytes sponges reproduce sexually asexually asexual reproduction mature sponges produce small outgrowth side body base outgrowth called bud breaks takes separate existence sexual reproduction cells produce eggs sperm single individual sperm released sponge captured
aves birds highly adapted animals characterized presence feathers scales legs toothless beaks fully developed chambered heart ability maintain constant body temperature fig birds ostrich penguin kiwi flightless vast majority able flyers birds show adaptations flight chief adaptations light body weight achieved kinds structural modifications including hollow bones seagoing frigate bird wing span meters entire skeleton weighs grams ounces addition birds numerous air sacs attached lungs lightening body weight birds female reproductive tract streamlined reduced single ovary diminishes small size reproductive season chambered heart critical adaptation flight complete separation oxygenated deoxygenated blood separate pulmonary systemic circulation leads maximum efficiency delivery oxygen tissues efficiency crucial flying demanding activity requires continuous rapid expenditure large amounts energy reptilian ancestors birds reproduce internal fertilization embryo contained inside shelled egg egg incubated externally young born able care reptilian counterparts young birds blind totally helpless birds vertebrates appearance elaborate parental care young section fig
fifty mickey mouse ranked folk heroes american culture moment view walt disney lovable mouse children adults alike respond affection sympathy mischievous irascible comic strip character instantaneous reaction biologist steven jay gould explained response mickey appearance terms basic principles animal behavior konrad lorenz theory innate releasing mechanisms gould starts analyzing mickey facial bodily proportions appeared disney cartoons comic strips unchanged things gould noted mickey possesses number lorenz calls juvenile traits lorenz defines juvenile traits include large head predominance brain capsule large low lying eyes bulging cheek region short thick extremities clumsy movements traits easily visible comparison juvenile adult traits species animals shown diagram note case lorenz argued recognize left hand form immediately juvenile respond sympathetic protective attitude views response part human programmed behavior adaptive means nurturing caring young gould accept innateness part lorenz theory argues lorenz correct claiming juvenile traits act releasing mechanism adults protective response analysis mickey mouse appearance shows possesses basic juvenile traits lorenz identified
stones complex minerals scattered organization simplicity contrasted living organism examine part dog body microscope discover cells units generally small seen unaided eye organized tissues turn form organs stomach kidney organs stomach liver intestines system biologists studied levels organization centuries century tools techniques developed enabled biologists probe deeper complexity living things electron microscope revealed degree structure organization forty ago suspected fig tools techniques chemist probe deeper dissect structures called organelles macromolecules large complex molecules simpler molecules atoms characteristic features living organisms planet constructed molecules carbon atoms feature living organisms characteristic fact chemistry carbon compounds called organic chemistry rock carbon atoms processes put organic molecules exist organic molecules experiments incorporated viking landers designed test presence organic molecules sample martian soil found
achievements modern chemistry development techniques determining precise sequence amino acids occur polypeptide structural formula protein drawn protein sequence amino acids determined insulin fig important hormone small proteins molecular formula took dr frederick colleagues university cambridge england ten exact sequence amino acids locations bridges protein protein constructed polypeptide chains held disulfide bridges total amino acids molecule fig days pioneering techniques protein sequencing developed rapidly fact job automatically machines result sequence amino acids known large number proteins sequence amino acids protein location disulfide bridges protein called primary structure protein proteins primary structure worked enzyme found egg white tears secretions responsible breaking polysaccharide walls kinds bacteria measure protection infection primary structure egg white single polypeptide chain amino acids pairs establishing covalent cross bridges positions fig
seen living things cells microscopic green alga chlamydomonas single celled organism single cell equipment needed carry functions chlamydomonas divides forms individuals daughter cell receives complete set nuclear controls present parent cell prior actual division cell chromosome nucleus duplicated process cell division duplicated chromosomes separated remarkable precision complete set migrates daughter cells mitosis term describe important process mechanism reproduction single celled organisms mechanism growth multicellular organisms cases escape excessive growth enlargement single cells small cells operate efficiently large reason small cells larger ratio surface area volume big fig rapid exchange materials occur cytoplasm external environment cell flagellated green algae interesting colonial forms fig species called colonial simply clusters independent cells single cell isolated rest colony swim looking chlamydomonas cell undergoes mitosis form colony characteristic number cells colony situation volvox
shortly rediscovery mendel laws workers sutton realized mendel rules gene behavior explained genes located chromosomes mendel genes occur pairs member received parent chromosomes exist pairs member received parent mendel reproductive cells produced paired factors genes separate distributed units gamete law segregation meiosis homologous pairs chromosomes separate member pair goes sex cell mendel stated cross distribution pair factors independent distribution pair law independent assortment meiosis distribution maternal paternal chromosomes entirely random assume genes trait say seed shape located pair chromosomes genes trait cotyledon color pair independent assortment chromosome pairs meiosis result independent assortment traits fig genes organism chromosomes chromosome genes site chromosome gene located called locus alleles controlling trait presumed located loci homologous chromosomes mated traits controlled genes chromosome expect mendel law independent assortment hold
discoveries beadle tatum shed light number human diseases known hereditary diseases called inborn errors metabolism inherited characterized distinct metabolic defect rare ailment chief symptom urine patient turns black exposure air biochemical studies shown disease results enzyme catalyzes conversion acid acid fig lacking individual substances intermediates breakdown amino acid phenylalanine compounds enter pathway cellular respiration step blocked acid accumulates blood kidney excess urine oxidation acid air turns urine black inborn error metabolism called phenylketonuria caused blockage step case inability remove excess phenylalanine blood produces infancy early childhood intelligence sufferers confined mental institutions pale skin tendency epileptic seizures pale skin result lack tyrosine pigment melanin responsible suntan freckles formed phenylketonuria recessive traits individual inherit defective gene parent show trait consistent gene enzyme theory gene present enzyme manufactured analyzed hereditary diseases abnormal hemoglobin molecules produced hemoglobin red oxygen carrying pigment found red blood cells
cells larvae insects giant chromosomes chapter noted presence giant chromosomes cells salivary glands fruit fly drosophila giant chromosomes interphase chromosomes elongated metaphase chromosomes reason visible interphase ordinary chromosomes product repeated chromosome accompanying cell division duplicates maternal paternal homologues lie side side perfect register length result cable drosophila salivary glands giant chromosome product cycles replication strands cable giant chromosomes insects strands giant chromosomes consist linear sequence alternating dark bands light fig dna bands cases assign specific gene locus specific band turn fact band single gene locus total bands giant chromosomes drosophila represent genes organism case sequence genes relative map distances section approximates closely relative position bands identified sites gene loci diameter giant chromosome varies place place locations called puffs chromosome swollen fig supplying cell radioactive nucleotide unique rna shown puffs sites intense rna synthesis fig
theory explain upward movement water xylem account large volume water transported speed water travels herbaceous plants absorb volume water equal times volume plant water marker radioactive isotope shown move stem cm minute water photosynthesis metabolic activities leaf cells remainder evaporates leaf process transpiration chapter learned water evaporates air spaces spongy layer stomata open water vapor diffuses leaf leaf continue function properly fresh supplies water brought leaf replace lost transpiration figure illustrates device approximate amount water vapor transpiration water absorbed roots plant replaced water drawn graduated tube reservoir small bubble introduced system serves mark volume consumed device measures total water plant accounted transpiration study effect environmental factors rate transpiration plants rapidly exposed light dark chiefly light stimulates opening stomata section greatly increases transfer moisture laden air air spaces spongy layer light speeds transpiration warming leaf
red blood cells numerous types normal women possess million cells cubic millimeter blood normal average runs higher million values fluctuate considerable range depending factors altitude individual lives living altitude feet values high million individual health disk shaped fig diameter thickness rim center disk thinner rim interesting shape speeds exchange gasses cell plasma adult produced stem cells fig located marrow bones ribs sternum breast bone vertebrae formed nucleus hemoglobin mature quantity hemoglobin cell increases million molecules representing dry weight cell present end process hemoglobin synthesis nucleus squeezed cell span cells days aged red blood cells ingested cells present liver sac shaped structure called spleen iron hemoglobin reclaimed reuse remainder hemoglobin molecule broken breakdown products bile pigments excreted liver bile estimated million die scavenged liver spleen
knows precisely kinds antibody molecules human synthesize evidence suggest let compromise million figure immediately raises perplexing problem genetics antibodies proteins evidence synthesized dna mrna polypeptide mechanism proteins say information antibody molecules encoded dna hemoglobin chapter estimated humans coding dna encode thousand proteins dilemma clear genome thousand genes encode million kinds antibody molecules mention proteins manufacture solution problem appears reconsider implications light chain heavy chain structure antibody molecules gene polypeptide section need separate gene chain increasing number genes required fact decrease light chains heavy chains able combine random produce functioning antibody molecule need postulate genes encode million antibody molecules ten ago felt genes small price pay important system thousands genes antibody synthesis genetic burden smaller assumption genes needed encode antibody encode regions
humans detect odors means receptor cells located olfactory high nasal cavity fig areas size postage stamp mm air drawn nostrils passes water fat soluble molecules present air dissolve mucus layer covering give rise sensations smell vigorous sniffing improves exposure olfactory airborne substances customary consider sense smell poorest senses true sensitivity power discrimination ability distinguish similar odors animals dog deer humans able detect virtually unlimited variety odors cases low thresholds detect vanillin active ingredient vanilla flavoring vaporized liters air mechanism able detect variety odors puzzled scientists kinds receptor cells distinguished olfactory epithelium structure likely distinguished function according theory kinds receptors responds molecules class cases shape molecule determines class receptor temporarily attached class molecules produces primary order pungent complex odors arise molecules shape permits attach receptor
instincts complex behavior patterns reflexes inborn inflexible adapting animal environment differ reflexes degree complexity entire body participates instinctive behavior elaborate series actions involved instinctive behavior important type behavior insects fishes amphibians reptiles birds depend large degree inborn instinctive patterns behavior spider building web instinctive behavior series complex actions required spin web final shape web entirely dependent instinct spider spins web characteristic species exposed pattern nest building birds instinctive behavior allowed member species nest builds nest characteristic species instincts inherited structure tissues organs inherited fig fact beautifully demonstrated breeding experiments closely related species differing instinctive behavior patterns african peach faced carries nesting materials nesting site tucking feathers closely related fischer bill transport nesting materials species mated offspring successful transporting materials bill invariably motions trying tuck materials feathers relative instinctive behavior demonstrated organisms tropical army ant genus foraging marches entire colony makes jungle floor
dramatic evidence evolution exists spread industrial approximately species larger moths found british isles began century undergo dramatic darkening coloration regions heavy industrial activity change called industrial studied peppered moth wings body moth light color scattered dark markings giving rise common coal black mutant form moth discovered manchester england end nineteenth century black form var prevalent light form today moths region black certainly change species taking place nature rapidly recorded naturalists accounts evolutionary change flies night rests tree trunks forest areas industrial activity trunks forest trees encrusted lichen growth fig shows clearly light colored form moth practically invisible background areas air pollution severe combination toxic gases soot killed lichen growth darkened branches trunks background light colored moth stands sharply preyed birds pluck resting place polluted woods easy dark form chance surviving undetected fact english geneticist kettlewell released marked moths kinds woods able recapture dark form light
proteins manufactured plants enter pass food webs carbohydrates trophic level losses environment chiefly final beneficiaries organic nitrogen compounds microorganisms decay activities organic nitrogen molecules corpses broken ammonia ammonia directly plants roots demonstrated species leaves exposed labeled ammonia gas incorporate label proteins ammonia produced decay converted nitrates accomplished steps bacteria genus oxidize nitrites nitrites oxidized nitrates bacteria genus groups bacteria called bacteria activities supply energy needs nitrogen easily roots plants processes complete story nitrogen cycle faced steady reduction pool free atmospheric nitrogen fixed began cycling ecosystems fig process reduces nitrates nitrogen replenishing atmosphere bacteria agents involved live deep soil aquatic sediments oxygen short supply nitrates alternative oxygen final electron acceptor respiration close nitrogen cycle activities keeping increasing efficiency promoting nitrogen fixation remains seen sulfur incorporated virtually proteins absolutely essential element living things
parasitism predation relationship product evolutionary adaptations part host parasite fact species parasite restricted species hosts suggests extreme specialization parasites conditions host host ability tolerate presence evidence history mutual adaptations significance mutual adaptations host parasite nicely demonstrated parasite gains accidental entrance abnormal host larval tapeworms hookworms flukes normal host vertebrate humans nonetheless occasionally invade mistake migrate widely body causing extensive damage hunting normal conditions rickettsia rocky mountain spotted fever virus yellow fever examples parasites exist animal reservoirs rodents monkeys damage hosts outcome entry humans story parasites referred degenerate sense true course adapting conditions niche parasites lost structures essential welfare free living relatives looked parasite point view loss organs longer represents gain efficiency improved specialization tapeworm eyes digestive tract vestiges nervous excretory muscular systems anyway human intestine hand tapeworm scolex cuticle resistant digestive enzymes highly efficient reproductive system shape practically ensures accidentally obstruct intestine endanger host
early nineteenth century observant naturalists aware important role played predators parasites insect pests keeping check enlist aid natural enemies battle increased food production case case pests pose greatest threat agriculture region foreigners pests imported accidentally pests problem native land asa fitch prominent american entomologist guessed reasons wrote severe unremitting pest country referring wheat midge european import slight transitory native land remarkable difference impute thing destitute nature appointed means subduing insect pests created purpose species keeping restrained sphere reached shores received evil remedy cushion scale insect australian import devastating citrus groves california fitch clue entomologist australia find natural enemy pest returned species lady beetle released california beetle quickly brought cushion scale control pest dramatic resurgence coincided ddt groves quick disappearance lady beetles altering spray procedures beetle cushion scale brought check
classic elitist theory gaetano mosca main interconnected themes involves critique classic democratic principle majority rule discussed chapter present interest theme empirical hypothesis small minority controls human organizations base present discussion gaetano mosca americans james burnham wright mills basic assumption differ enormously intelligence talent industry ambition moral worth aesthetic sensitivity terms society heterogeneous means sector social activity art science business teaching sports politics manual labor crime find tremendous differences performance crudely speaking perform mediocre category perform miserably activities call minority elite rest multiplicity elites emerges highly talented capable activities composite elites elite society composite society divides elite society governing elite elite arguing minority minority actual charge political affairs society words society developed possesses hierarchy governed small number government apparently hands greatest number theory pyramidal form shown figure elite distinction story human society ago crystallized rigid unchangeable structure
neo marxists agree shortcomings pluralism agreement stops classic elitism highly critical marxism neo marxists consider elitism version bourgeois ideology surprise find recent elitist theories managerial revolution false misleading neo marxists argue separation ownership control modern capitalist industry widespread think significant think fact occur ralph argues shareholders owners directing personnel managers differences share overriding concern maximizing profit firm adding factor similar social educational background owners managers finds separate elites constitute dominant economic class possessed high degree cohesion solidarity common interests common purposes transcend specific differences disagreements similar vein argues managers especially top managers important functional group modern societies independent upper class property owners ruling class neo marxists agree uselessness looking key power structure class structure view class structure advanced capitalist societies looks shown figure big bourgeoisie capitalist ruling class owns lion share country mines large farms factories banks insurance investment companies large wholesale retail firms dominate non profit institutions universities foundations charitable organizations petty bourgeoisie middle classes include strata roles process production
purpose decide favorable unfavorable characterizations federalism examine main competitor unitary basic level government governmental units administrative subdivisions central government local government officials popularly elected powers curtailed scrutinized officials french italian bureaucratic appointees central government margin local decision narrowly circumscribed local officials complain check ministry capital minor decisions course differing political traditions lead amounts centralization countries britain france unitary states british local government shows greater autonomy vitality french nearly dictatorships de facto unitary states legal forms federalism preserved show ussr union soviet socialist republics paper federal system fifteen union republics lower units fact reading soviet constitution tempted describe soviet union confederation republics lying outer rim country accorded formal secession republics russia ukraine seats united nations general assembly mere appearance attempt republic officials depart moscow policies directives quickly suppressed divisions subdivisions soviet federalism correspond ethnic subdivisions country dismissed total sham times relaxation moscow devolved discretionary powers republics
federal council chooses president functions head vice president offices rotate council members present vice president president swiss president colleagues council british prime minister say american president presiding officer narrow sense term members federal council head departments political foreign interior justice police finance customs public economy posts railways military considerable shifting department department president automatically heading political department nowadays view technical requirements administration trend stay put council especially president important administrative help federal chancellor despite civil service status chosen federal assembly composition federal council reflects regional language considerations party representation outstanding feature half nineteenth century radical party secure majority federal assembly monopolized seats federal council bourgeois coalition formed radical liberals catholic conservative forerunners christian democrats ratio changed coalition partner incorporated peasants artisans bourgeois party swiss party ratio radicals catholics peasant bourgeois coalition formula shelved resulting ratio radicals catholics peasant social democrat bourgeois coalition restored ratio radicals catholics peasant
committees human groups exhibit require leadership types leadership distinguished depending defines leadership formal leadership generally consists chairman vice chairman secretary chairman leadership merely combine informal leadership functions type informal leadership task leadership involves capacity guide committee gritty stated agenda task leader member relevant competency respected rest committee committee small group divergent personalities dealing highly controversial issues hamstrung personality conflicts slightest committee experience knows ms proposes strenuously resisted vice versa avoid inefficiency breakdown deliberations fortunate committee cast adept social leadership social leader contribution smoothing running committee substantive area humor potent weapon social leader explosive situation remark head personality clashes hamper committee chairman task social leader weak leader strong leader carry roles assumes tend dominate committee addition committees leadership type called gadfly appointed conscience committee gadfly resented members function recall committee attention moral importance task
authoritarian systems weak comes ideology try justify appeals principles follow rules vaguely moral religious character juan referred principles rules mentality contrasts ideology mentality intellectual attitude ideology intellectual content mentality psychic predisposition ideology reflection interpretation mentality previous ideology later mentality formless fluctuating ideology firmly formed ideologies strong utopian element closer present past ideologies systematic coherent explicit concludes totalitarian systems actual political processes deeply affected content ideology authoritarian regimes rulers equally explicit reflect social political realities crucial question amount constraint mentality ideology places rulers words policy action rulers remain channels provided ideology mentality glance authoritarian rulers freer hand totalitarian counterparts loaded precise ideological blueprint sense true vagueness mentality taboos prohibitions affect goals authoritarian rulers means achieve goals totalitarian ideology range goals clearer constraining important drastic means warranted achieve respect totalitarian rulers greater maneuverability authoritarians
central committee cpsu smaller group slightly hundred full members natural place top party elite decide key issues degree promise realized lenin stalinist devastating effect institutionalization members candidate members elected party congress percent ultimately shot arrested party congresses central committee met late small organs formally chosen party congresses showed pattern purge institutional weakness politburo political bureau secretariat organization bureau small groups consisted blindly devoted browbeaten followers stalin leader grant small share policymaking implementation nonetheless fifteen members stalinist politburo chosen party congress purged end decade politburo contained sixteen top communists stalin top lieutenants permitted meet discuss key issues stalin reached potential kind party cabinet relegated background position final central committee secretariat stalin special province members staff loyal subordinates organs spring momentarily activity stalin purge discipline segments party afterward powers stripped recent students point techniques stalin preserved position institutional challenge
release hitler resolved follow legal road power involve creation broad based political organization mobilize electorate end pioneered mass media politicians fly speaking engagement late bring electoral success nazis weimar system worked fairly foreign domestic policy successes operated extremist parties nazis communists nazis managed percent vote reichstag depression struck germany late caused remarkable shift fortunes hitler nazis depression weimar government dealt successfully doubtful nazis power disastrous combination depression inflation took hitler reach interval lost presidential election paul von hindenburg nazis largest party reichstag percent popular vote political stalemate reichstag pre hitler governments proved weak indecisive ruling emergency decree unwittingly eased hitler move outright dictatorship january parliament series measures strengthened hand reducing opponents impotence burning reichstag building pretext destroy constitutionalism passing von hindenburg mid restraint hitler removed germany single party totalitarianism
words called intellectuals role express symptoms discontent intellectual terms give frame reference measure coherence educated middle upper social groups prepare coming movement ways undermine existing beliefs institutions indirectly promote hunger faith susceptible weaken beliefs neutralized fanaticism shows face finally supply doctrine slogans faith words provide full blown ideology propagate coherent highly emotional myth revolutionary theorist georges sorel argued difficult impossible masses purely national principles successful social movement trigger deep lying emotional responses human mind myth symbolizes emotions arouse sentiments courage enthusiasm sacrifice sorel denied utopian ideology inspire vast mass movement trick intellectuals tend logic observation things wholly irrelevant force myth according sorel myth refuted bottom identical convictions group expression convictions language movement question myth literally true false question utopias contrary presuppose events trends subject intellectual tests ideology myth course brought home movement mass base agitator comes
term party system implies genuinely independent political parties allowed compete elections share political power basic party systems party system moderate multiparty system extreme multiparty system displays major parties significant parties glance typology based mere numbers soon involved terms political dynamics involved party system moderate multiparty system strong family resemblances extreme multiparty system works wholly americans lesser extent englishmen contrast party system parties systems discrimination rests superficial distinctions types party system display important differences involves call ideological distance feature tells parties extreme wing extreme left wing political spectrum gap nazis communists german parliament wider conservative republicans liberal democrats united states congress today wide ideological distance suggests extreme parties want overturn existing constitutional structure narrow ideological distance parties opposite ends spectrum means despite differences groups agreement fundamentals bodes political stability important difference party systems involves drives system centrist drive found party system moderate multiparty system
electoral system means reason transformation west german party system general speak ideological cleavages ethnic religious divisions germany add regional diversity cultural predispositions multiparty system point salience factors declined significantly contrast strength pre hitler times important include nazi totalitarianism ironically contributed modernization homogenization german society destructiveness performed kind positive function eliminating roots parties sharp status differences pronounced regionalism french british american occupation pursued policies discouraged extremism favored precise parties survived parliament eastern part germany communist regime german democratic republic western part homogeneous society economic miracle early took wind sails extreme political movements leaders major parties displayed political talents willingness cooperate predecessors substance chapter present classification political parties cadre mass catchall dictatorial classification competitive party systems party moderate multiparty extreme multiparty special problems addressed regarding major concerns problem factionalism individual parties problem relationship electoral systems party systems issue raised obviously affected matters called decline parties thesis maintained role political parties western democratic regimes significantly lessening
disciple walter lippman considered stereotypes main type mental habit systems stereotypes core personal tradition defenses position society ordered consistent picture habits tastes capacities comforts hopes adjusted complete picture picture adapted propagandist aiming attitude change wants disturb uproot habitual system stereotypes target group prohibitionists america able change constitution regarding sale manufacture alcoholic beverages inroads moral attitude drinking limited ultimate failure considered propaganda failure techniques developed attain goals reception message means getting attention members target group public attention getting symbols symbols message intended propagandist stand quality abstraction propagandist vastness complexity present target group readily understand italian christian democratic party chose shield cross emblem course obvious generic association christianity shield symbol defense communism subtly recalls crusades infidels middle ages communists fastened hammer sickle represent alliance proletariat hammer peasantry sickle
idea reveals core liberalism individualism course saw anarchism liberalism monopoly individualism modern liberalism qualified individualism important respects early liberalism forthrightly individualistic john locke saw substance government protection individual rights theorists seventeenth eighteenth centuries spoke hypothetical nature foundation civil society individualist paradise god natural law regulated relations individual possessed rights liberty estate private property judge executioner natural law monkey wrench works nature policeman court abused resulting conflict moved sign social contract founding rationale protect rights liberty estate orientation naturally led locke liberal tradition advocate limited government fiduciary agent government special sanction original purposes social contract government acts arbitrarily violates rights citizens legitimately overthrown examples arbitrary rule things favoritism violates equality law laws directed public taxation representation delegation legislative power popular approval locke ideas complex suggested warrant calling prince modern liberalism places individual firmly social context
conservatives social pessimists believe traits selfishness irrationality aggressiveness innate human nature conservative rejects utopias based altruism rationality pure benevolence narrow gauge reforms defective social institutions product defective change institutions altering deal surface social problems attempted cure social ills worse disease social pessimism explains conservative aversion idea historical progress conservatives drawn liberals cyclical theories rise fall civilizations de weakness human nature stems original sin adam disobedience garden eden split dualism human nature hand elevated noble happy degraded ignoble miserable endowed full consciousness continually contemplate shame grandeur understanding raises angels serves show abominable tendencies degrade brutes conservatism involves church conservative organic conception society conservatism sees intimate relationship politics morality morality religion result sort triangular relationship politics morality religion viewpoint church separate institutional identities require strict separation edmund burke approved wholeheartedly sentiment attributed majority england considers established anglican church foundation constitution part holds indissoluble union
count french aristocrat published essay inequality human races supplied basis later racist doctrines ideologies michael calls father racist ideology pessimistic future society program conviction prevent degeneration civilization deprives views activism true ideology concern fitting social pessimist discredit idea progress explain civilizations traversed familiar cycle rise decline fall rejected usual cyclical theories pointed moral political corruption loss religion prime culprit decline extinction civilizations explanations wrong felt mistake symptoms real encounter exceptions rule moralistic theory flounders face high morality civilizations verge collapse thought spied profound explanation gradual change racial composition civilizations civilization founded racial stock peoples differing races brought attractive power imperial expansion led intermarriage dilution quality original founding group commenced inevitable process racial degeneration accompanied decline civilization involved end original racial stock virtually disappeared civilization fall ruins contrast later racism preached original unity mankind mists history existed primary race embracing mankind
colonial peoples spanish portuguese latin america dutch south africa french canada british australia settled american colonies fragment society fragment europe seeds maple tree carried grow soil fragment detached europeans british starting strongly assert put practice ideals individual freedom liberty colonists brought british ways thinking political values faced experiences settling wilderness strong reach british authority political outlooks colonists varied ways main theme british political thought brought liberal tradition bundle political ideas argued century english philosopher john locke locke studied philosophy medicine oxford university completing degrees occasionally practiced medicine real interests philosophy politics spent deal advising british officials helped earl shaftesbury king ministers draft constitution colony carolina wrote essays intended help shaftesbury campaign religious toleration civil liberties divine kings rule absolute monarchs locke fully developed political ideas government published number subsequent editions europe america read discussed writings ideas politics government greatly influenced colonial leaders benjamin franklin thomas jefferson james madison
realms federal government power law supreme principle federal supremacy clearly stated article vi constitution laws united states pursuance thereof treaties authority united states supreme law land provisions constitutions laws consistent federal constitution invalid declared supreme court civil war settled question defy federal authority constitution federal government power issues involving federal versus authority congress amended voting rights act lowering voting age federal elections president nixon signed bill voiced doubts constitutionality federal law changed voting age constitution clearly congress power regulate elections congress presidency framers intended qualifications voting offices left states federal government exercise control elections requiring voting age case oregon mitchell supreme court held congress fix voting age national elections invalidated requirement age granted vote elections prompted congress approve states ratify amendment citizens united states age older vote denied abridged united states account age
house clearly overshadowed senate status power center emerging national decision making focus attention extent americans took interest nascent national institutions nation grew westward populous house grew fewer sitting house grew members size capped preeminence house representatives smaller senate equally representing large small states hold limelight center freewheeling debate celebrated executive functions approving treaties giving withholding consent presidential nominees posts executive branch characteristics evolution congress growth committee system establishment political parties party leadership congresses small committees seen temporary committees appointed business house conducted committees standing permanent committees congress grew house committee interstate foreign commerce major standing committee formed called energy commerce government moved capital washington house began transform temporary committees standing committees ways means post office judiciary agriculture military services committees foreign affairs established civil war industrialization civil war committees appropriations banking currency merchant marine fisheries education labor took senate longer create committee system
registration requirement qualifications register persons voting age million resident aliens reported federal government reason think resident aliens fail report required million institutions includes prisons mental hospitals homes mentally retarded homes aged dependent part voting age population part eligible registered voters residence rules designed permit proper personal identification voters prevent voting fraud registered voted moved election knows sure extensive easy forget mobile population census bureau found average americans moves lifetimes percent nation moved house apartment million short voter registration doubt keeps highly mobile voting register bother interested effects registration population mobility voter turnout shown table figures congressional election presidential election notice proportion adults registered vote low length residence higher longer residence residence eligible register voter turnout general low high proportions registered polls regardless length residence
jimmy carter unknown americans began campaign democratic nomination early race press referred jimmy marathon campaign paid carter overwhelming choice democratic convention general election incumbent gerald ford carter won small margin carter term office happy successful plagued growing inflation continuing unemployment end iranian hostage crisis arose viewed ineffective president republican nomination close call gerald ford nominated narrow margin ronald reagan governor california republicans felt reagan candidate won wait presidential campaign began august republican congressman philip crane illinois announced candidacy republicans governor john texas ambassador george bush texas senator robert dole kansas congressman john anderson illinois senate minority leader howard baker tennessee governor ronald reagan california faced primaries election history race finally narrowed reagan versus bush anderson lost reagan illinois reagan edge bush grew steadily republican convention detroit reagan won nomination large margin chose principal opponent bush running mate president carter relied heavily incumbency win democratic nomination renomination disputed challenged governor jerry brown california seriously senator edward kennedy massachusetts
religious group affiliation affect party leanings protestants constitute higher proportion republican party differences past union households prominent democratic party voting frequent voting reagan dramatic difference party composition racial blacks roughly democratic party practically nonexistent republicans parties score differently age groupings social scientists agree profoundly affected decisive events place enter political adulthood gained political consciousness deal aftermath democratically inclined age earlier recent surveys show gop extremes age population entering political adulthood oldest categories age depression conversely democrats generations age franklin roosevelt early recently called gender gap alleged tendency women tilt democratic party republican situation bit confused differences observed table seen women democratic percent margin trends suggest increasing party polarization women women comprise larger portion electorate fifths democrats half republicans women sex differences partisan identification pronounced differences attitudes president opinions specific issues actual voting behavior
bill argued parent chamber lobbyists buttonhole members shore support gain minute commitments find voting turn relied help accurate whip count members turn helps decide parliamentary strategy votes passage legislators press quick vote doubt stall bring undecided minute campaigns pass defeat bills chamber floor spectacular phase legislative process visible public stage direct lobbying supplemented flood mail telegrams phone calls delegations persuade legislators minute efforts bring results late change basic thrust measure effective lobbyists act start help shape bill comes committee subcommittee shape fixed opposing group vexing choice try amend bill floor kill lobbying major issues includes broad efforts spark positive public feelings grass roots lobbying assumes constituents sway politicians paid lobbyists large groups labor unions built advantage numbers helps create huge floods sentiment group members big bank account stir grass roots support costly ads public relations campaigns groups large financed free publicity media events milestone grass roots lobbying occurred
providing information politics government media help socialize politics media images politicians political things children exposed exposure reinforced lifetime viewing reading children exposed media large doses grade school children spend hours week watching tv nearly spend school recent studies show mass media rival parents teachers sources political information kraus davis teach children mainly parents teachers lean deal media based information children learn evaluate depend stage mental development young children respond concrete objects events teens young cope abstract concepts complex reasoning images authority figures parents presidents law officers highly positive images fade children grow learn lose idealism comstock al adults heavy users media average american spends nearly hours watching tv watching casual offhand spends hours listening radio minutes reading paper minutes reading magazine spent mass media risen percent advent tv comes expense leisure activities robinson figure shows upward trend tv college educated conform trend lower level television broadest source information early tv chief source news today percent rely chiefly tv news figure
president prime psychological symbol politics known american greenstein knows politician known celebrities entertainers athletes known percent claim known political actor president plays key roles political learning children young president political person aware age children current president reflects importance presidency learned objects tend condition perceptions later learned objects contrast president politicians vague mysterious hard understand children instance think members congress president helpers ideas confined young recent survey olds found half ages thought president appoint members congress researchers eisenhower kennedy eras impressed president image benevolent leader children held rosy view presidents adults gave incumbent presidents high marks performance ratings presidential performance ran higher congress government bodies popular images president eroded upheavals late early watergate scandal ended myth presidency trust office politics slid citizens retained glowing image strong successful presidents fdr truman kennedy eisenhower top popularity polls public expectations presidents remain high
staff aides legislators offices support foster bosses careers senators personal staffs range size average representatives staffs average personal aides things constituent relations consuming job includes casework projects handling requests information correspondence meeting local voters lobbyists press relations high priority staff aides handle broad range tasks embrace information gathering lawmaking policy formation office management legislator arm administrative assistant aa supervises legislator office political legislative advice aa functions legislator alter ego bargaining colleagues voters lobbyists legislative research functions legislator office handled legislative assistants las researchers tasks include working representing legislator interests follow committee sessions legislator attend las research draft read analyze bills materials write speeches floor remarks articles legislators chairmen ranking minority members committees entitled committee based aides senators entitled staff attached major committees functions aides mingle personal staff handle questions types constituents problems instance deal social security veterans benefits valued knowledge federal programs lists phone numbers bureaucrats call quick answers personal staff aides crowded capitol hill offices representatives personal staffs fourth senators staffs based home districts states
decades greatest help presidents received trying affect bureaucracy office management budget omb agency executive office president called bureau budget omb performs major functions dealing federal agencies clears legislative proposals agencies want congress prepares budget requests future manages spending current oversees agency management omb personnel agency personnel gather exchange information functions involving money key omb role matter president legislative clearance management functions ups downs terms bureau influence end ford administration impact omb areas waned carter relied heavily areas berman reagan relied heavily omb areas involved omb institution changed times nixon ford hierarchical politicized norm neutral competence declined caused loss legislative planning ability omb omb politically visible vulnerable closely linked specific political goals carter politically visible omb involved volatile issues political appointments top positions appointee bert lance controversial banking practices lance forced resign mid reagan highly visible appointment omb director young republican congressman named david stockman brought aggressive style omb
american bar association standing committee federal judiciary set sought role supreme court choices akin strong role federal court nominations achieved influence president nixon tried giving influence embarrassed hesitancy support potential nominees interested influence waned presidents seek supreme court agree ideologically political party ideological agreement course hard define broad range public issues differences agenda president supreme court persons join supreme court bound legal precedent court traditions views senior colleagues exact policy impact presidents hope expect presidents embarrassed angered behavior appointees occasions president pays careful attention court appointments change general tenor court decisions franklin roosevelt appointed number justices general shape court decisions matters power government regulate economy civil liberties changed court sanctioned government regulation opposed began active protecting individual liberties free speech burger court largely shaped president nixon differs important respects previous courts true reluctance define constitutionally protected liberties broadly addition competence party affiliation ideology president attention regional balance court ethnic religious representation
source income firms international arms sales called transfers lucrative sales government industry lively interest arms sales financed aid loans sampson firms vigorous lobbyists foreign capitals variety tactics including bribery sell wares ethnic groups potent force foreign policy united states nation immigrants citizens nation deals policy impact groups representing eastern european nationals poles czechs observe patriotic days support publicity efforts captive nations week oppose soviet rule area president ford remarked tv debate campaign eastern europe soviet rule ethnic groups protest greek interests led friendly members congress succeeded cutting foreign aid turkey turkey incursion cyprus america support israel creation flows factors major presence active jewish communities large cities especially key states york illinois california politicians areas understand jewish support israel york mayors known snub arab visitors democratic presidential race featured flap candidate jessie jackson supposed ethnic directed jews mention bidding war candidates move embassy israel gestures lies fact democratic candidates jewish financial support key states votes racial consciousness foreign policy overtones
claims expected impact formulation approval debates rarely based fact hope assertion president johnson director office economic opportunity sargent shriver claimed war poverty end poverty bicentennial sounded based analysis social programs supposed solution problem addressed claims produce disappointment attract broad support reach claims fields valid support major space program president kennedy promised manned moon landing end goal achieved exaggerated claims debate foreign defense policy administration claimed increased aid nicaraguan rebels government el salvador essential central america communist aid granted communist governments emerged anyway aid denied governments remained noncommunist point firm claim black white impact amount aid versus competing amount unreasonable politically understandable claims impact visible level formulation legitimation debates pushing distributive programs issue detailed projected impact statements statements show money flowing congressional districts states support programs executive branch agency supports program sends summaries computer printouts congressional offices support
americans expect competent government government encourages cynicism hostility led fools institutions incapable effective democratic society competent government essentially leaders promise wise leaders promise delivered competent government effectively tries promises means competent american government framework government undertake free society openly discourage view results rigged advance americans expect government encourages political participation suppressing participation goes formal act voting elections real choices seemingly straightforward undeniable denied majority participation extends allowing encouraging expressions policy preferences opinion includes notion citizens direct access officials govern officials supposed aloof rulers century monarchy modern authoritarian totalitarian americans prized personal liberty keen insist government restrict liberty absolutely jefferson language inalienable rights captured ancestors believed centuries continued believe centuries individual liberty entrenched united states threatened government private action rights believe wish express beliefs live wish travel want occupation choose enormously valuable
deal politics consists bargaining compromise designed give conflicting interests want continue cooperate farmers area want irrigation project able support environmentalists want preserve land park farmers support park groups cooperate combined irrigation park project settle originally wanted gotten joined forces farmers smaller irrigation project park share land land irrigated environmentalists small park conflict actually resolved groups strongly backing candidate office discover candidate support enthusiasm successful politics settling conflict frequently depends conflict comes big pieces let imagine society composed solely equal parts factory workers farmers let suppose society factory workers poor black protestant city dwelling uneducated farmers wealthy white catholic country dwelling educated nearly issue society pit percent percent important issue pit percent percent issue urban renewal farm subsidies aid parochial schools farmers opposed factory workers
recent european nationality groups rediscovered speculation social political characteristics common beliefs ethnics predominantly blue collar workers point abandoning traditional loyalty democratic party prejudiced blacks belligerently patriotic foreign policy sociologist andrew greeley shown beliefs true myths prominent myths times european ethnics core blue collar working class contrary prosperous numerous unassimilated nationality groups irish catholics likely average american hold white collar jobs italian americans national average respect polish americans slightly average national mean income prosperous ethnic groups country jews japanese americans irish catholics british protestants prosperous groups indians blacks spanish heritage irish protestants members european ethnic groups extraordinary progress twenty look aged americans italian polish slavic ancestry national average income education members ethnic groups age rank national averages categories greeley shown hard hats irish catholics italians poles likely protestants hawks vietnam war members groups favorable groups racial equality generous welfare payments vote conservation liberal policies
amendment says congress law abridging freedom speech press supreme court held laws constitutional court balance interest freedom speech interest law seeks protect interests furthered law important court uphold limitation speech case balancing test court upheld part federal election campaign act limited amount money person contribute political campaigns justices provisions designed prevent corruption appearance corruption politics agreed contributing campaigns protected amendment felt proper abridge preventing undue influence big contributors important democratic politics delcared portion act unconstitutional portion limited total amount individual spend campaign justices interest served provision strong outweigh free speech included spend money brings speech listeners instance buying television today amendment means congress laws abridging freedom speech supreme court thinks laws protect nation evils court strike attempts government limit freedom speech core amendment government pick choose speak freely basis ideas likes dislikes
election campaigns candidates mass media rely polls government agencies surveys gather information social economic conditions ten beginning census bureau tries contact living united states periodic census bureau gathers data asking questions samples monthly unemployment figures product survey research material income occupations population characteristics presented chapter based census bureau survey research private sector major marketing decisions guidance polls consumer habits preferences products services scientific survey research begin asking opinions voting intentions newspaper reporters early election straw polls called common nineteenth early twentieth centuries famous conducted literary digest magazine accurately predicted outcome presidential elections literary digest claimed alfred landon defeat incumbent democratic president franklin roosevelt roosevelt record breaking majority buried landon literary digest soon business election reputation young pollster named george gallup pollsters claim million american adults thinking asking questions literary digest based prediction landon defeat roosevelt replies million unfortunately representative electorate names drawn magazine subscription list automobile registration records highly unrepresentative groups depression
easily produce examples government failing conform public sentiment issues popular majorities favor handgun registration permitting prayer public schools large majorities oppose abortion school busing preferential treatment minorities federal government failed adopt measures adopted hand easily show politicians respond public opinion present knowledge area precise distinguishing areas government responsive popular pressure offer generalizations relationship public opinion public policy care issue care politicians responsive politician problem find public wants dilemma politicians write letters demonstrate opinions known representative public politician favors policy simply mail runs strongly favor find supporting vocal minority displeasing dislike policy say hand articulate speak strongly issue minority care change votes representative displeases contribute money defeat easier citizens politically issue representatives
democrats republicans dominated elections twentieth century threat monopoly voter attention occasional party presidential candidates theodore roosevelt failing republican nomination successor white house william howard taft ran progressive party candidate roosevelt taft splitting republican vote put democrat woodrow wilson white house disappointed conservative candidates major party ballots senator robert la won million votes independent progressive ticket parties infuriated democratic convention adoption liberal civil rights platform southern segregationists walked formed states rights democratic party strom thurmond governor south carolina candidate nicknamed thurmond party million votes carried southern states appeared ballot official democratic party side ideological spectrum henry wallace vice president won votes thurmond cost truman victory york successful party movement fifty headed governor george wallace alabama gathered million votes percent carried southern states theodore roosevelt party candidate major party candidates occasions party win tenth vote case outcome affected presence party movements personal vehicle political ambitions single leader
federal treasury billion lower levels government federal money federal rules makes states cities counties interest groups federal government concerned big cities states maintain lobbyists look special interests washington half dozen general local government interest groups important national governors association national conference legislatures national association counties conference mayors national league cities associations thirty registered lobbyists budget approaching million groups recently formed umbrella organization called coalition parts coalition smoothly helped revenue sharing alive easy coalition cooperate revenue sharing issue offered sort government cooperation easy states want highways cities want money rapid transit specific issues divisions states cities urban states rural states cities cities disputes expressed formula allocating funds grant program thousand consider emergency school assistance act authorizes hundreds millions dollars local school districts support desegregation reducing racial isolation money reward successful integration incentive districts successful temporary infusion help cross integration threshold integrated schools slip desegregation racial integration bigger problem big cities smaller school districts slighted
confined peaceful legal forms direct action confrontation demonstrations strikes boycotts mounted face valid laws court orders forbidding high levels social physical coercion violence mixed methods read fights breaking strikers honor picket line rock throwing demonstrations occasional vandalism businesses refuse stop selling boycotted goods sort scattered violence occurs context massive movements aimed bringing change happens began controlled ritualized legalized confrontation escalates intense level direct action sharply defined legal moral line separating legal confrontation confrontation mixed degree violence americans try draw line violent nonviolent confrontation difficulty course arises try define mean nonviolent physical coercion shouting speaker effectively deprives speak shooting physical harm barrier massed bodies effectively deprives hear speaker turning bayonet point group strikers factory presence permit enter factory action classed nonviolent simply strikebreakers call bluff certainly argued implicit threat violence form violence
conventions supreme governing body respective parties nominate candidates rules party write platform days thousand vast majority convention rules tasks performed convention delegates staggering suggest thing major criterion convention decisions hurt help candidate important decisions eye candidate chances difficult individual delegate figure candidate representative tells recent conventions actual choice candidates national convention presidential nomination settled ballot convention met leading candidate delegate votes remove doubts outcome convention merely ceremony crown candidate nomination locked meeting choice fact twenty conventions ballot needed pick nominee talk smoke filled rooms bosses manipulating conventions nonsense conventions necessarily purer think bosses manipulate misconceptions convention plausible future
believing trees cleared avert catastrophe local interests began look finance clearance americans thought federal money turned representatives congress ultimately attempt draw federal treasury failed berkeley representative ronald reported efforts newsletter constituents attempt eucalyptus clearance federal project fascinating short account legislative process illustrates motivations relationships describe chapter chapter early february east bay congressional delegation congressman jerome waldie pete stark joined senator alan cranston governor reagan local officials asking secretary agriculture provide financial assistance local governments citizens meet fire threat projected costs estimated excess million late february department agriculture told money representatives governor reagan local officials met develop joint local plans aimed substantially reducing fire danger plans emphasized fire suppression included appeal president nixon declare threatened portions east bay hills disaster area congressman stark waldie joined contacting white house urging action president appeals brought flowery responses action soon apparent effective complete fire suppression efforts capability local governments offer financial assistance president nixon met senator cranston congressman stark waldie develop legislative response furnish assistance accordance disaster relief act
implicit power laws need executive branch administering true power purse twenty appropriations subcommittees assess budget requests trying find agencies spending money congress includes number specialists topics devote part examining administrative efficiency operate committee subcommittee chairmanship interest forum staff hearings occasions questioning executive officials congressional investigating committees traditionally means uncovering shady unconstitutional incompetent behavior executive branch governmental affairs committees provide platforms inquiry investigations subcommittee senate governmental affairs committee staff forty important congressional watchdog tends vehicle ambitions chairman occupy spotlight issue interesting public general accounting office reports congress legality efficiency administration spending practices forces penetrate defense department screen secrecy publish information cost overruns delivery delays irregular contracting arrangements deplorable news obvious reasons presidents bureaucrats fond legislative oversight reasons wanting frustrate place governmental activities secret true aspects military diplomatic intelligence place oversight administration ammunition political opponents congress controlled party
difference perspective complicates president central challenge mark history survive politically win cooperation members congress bureaucrats judges choose rid fire high administrative officials willing bear political consequences practical matter president afford discharge appointees political appointments career officials purging appointees president look bad organizational uncertainty replacements settle jobs pick subordinates limited coercive power president persuade job arrange circumstances political actors find interest president wants likes learn bargain compromise enduring features presidency openness change modern presidency ways separate branch government comparable members congress staff aides branch government undergoes complete change personnel president stability incumbents makes high degree continuity congress lifetime tenure judiciary civil service protection bureaucracy president chief advisers white house staff change completely inauguration presidential office responds dramatically personal needs political style incumbent personal quality presidency enhanced entrepreneurial method presidential selection contrast apprenticeship system typical parliamentary systems
american politicians responsive groups point specific need limited remedy opponents style puts emphasis benefits costs single program big slice budget measures start small grow tendency slight cost considering proposals aimed distributing benefits segment population intended beneficiaries surely deserving help politicians try conceal costs emphasize benefits treat measure distributive policy opponents proposal course try look redistributive issue hoping build coalition effect process growth federal spending result comprehensive comparative look costs benefits gap federal income spending reflects part politician preferences short term responses cost term budget balancing lawmaking process united states depends demands broken small bits allow easy bargaining examination american including interest groups parties shows potential division demands extent demands fragmented bargaining depends demands perceived suppose policy proposal aimed distributing government services poor unemployed uneducated defined redistribution wealth whites blacks issue defined bargaining impossible white majority give black minority
limits government responsible political officials system blamed wrong unhealthy coal mines unsatisfactory sex lives government credit pleasant parks happy marriages easy believe americans political persuasions likely give blame praise wrong government fault success story earn points credit side ledger apparent inconsistency illustrated considering recent history racial minorities blacks japanese americans war ii americans japanese descent achieved remarkable levels schooling prosperity civic participation generation educated richer whites governmental contribution success story repeal laws denied asian americans rights enjoyed think triumph enlightened public policy merely evidence openness american society period unequal condition blacks nation important domestic political issue uncounted billions dollars amounts effort sacrifice expended achieve racial equality progress blacks worse whites measure racial gap considered greatest single failing american society pay attention failure success reason course bad news newsworthy society pounce bad news evidence ideas
discussion political evaluation focused wide range ideas factors considered individual freedom important political evaluation saw chapter freedom tricky concept define freedom saying free person fair say making laws freedom equality closely related hand define freedom simply individual autonomy case freedom means free coercion chance develop personality destiny interference point view closely freedom equality related open question answers supplied schools political thought remain roughly lines traditional american ideology potential clash equality freedom governmental coercion presents difficult problem political evaluation noted earlier society marked considerable economic inequalities actual proposed government policies aimed reducing inequalities large proportion policies involve form coercion reduce freedom effort increase equality doctors patients forced medicines government prescription list order achieve greater equality medical care employer forced discriminate whites firm discriminate blacks governmental programs involve increasing coercive power government individuals order correct social economic inequalities encounter final difficulty employing freedom evaluative criterion chapter distinguished positive sense freedom freedom participate government negative sense freedom freedom government interference
delegates constitutional convention brought summer recent experiences unpleasant kind experienced hand government tyranny fought war recently articles confederation experienced chaos weak central government fact philadelphia summer precisely experiences government intolerably strong intolerably weak problem difficult avoid tendency extreme create government strong strong government ensure domestic tranquility secure blessings liberty strong protect enemies enforce laws collect taxes maintain identity strong undermine identity sought maintain protect problem appears federalist papers james madison alexander hamilton delegates convention argue ratification constitution early papers document weakness past government subsequent papers urging necessity constitution equally energetic proposed federalist detail length government strong energetic threaten liberty madison central statement problem famous lines federalist government greatest reflections human nature angels government angels govern external internal controls government framing government administered difficulty lies enable government control governed place oblige control
move turnout measures demanding activity find percentage interested drops drastically fourth americans surveyed claimed worked candidate party election campaign number written public official express opinion percent written letter editor expressing opinion national local elections percent money candidate party percent attended political rally meeting percent help party candidate figures fact tend slightly overstated political activity considered citizen duty thing actual rates participation lower reported picture looks separate results presidential election rest american national government elected branches president members congress participate major national policy making cooperation branches elected voters united states entire house senate president claim democratic basis national government activity look public interest information presidential congressional elections interest information found centered presidential contest classic study asked read heard congressional candidates election district
contrast situation traced interested american government read heard congressional candidates records watch committee communicate frequently thought issues spent effort money trying influence outcome give receive news releases called interest groups worth notice points interested larger context lack interest interest groups large small numbers budget based nationally organized concerned broad range issues single issue primarily distinctive feature political interest interest vacuum broader interest common features noted interest groups collections shared attitudes extent conscious identity group attitudes hold common seek influence government variety ways basis shared attitudes require concrete organization carry purposes interest groups distinguished broad social categories called reference groups previous section reference groups need conscious identity concrete organization engaged political activity groups society qualify interest groups members potential political interest common thing aware identity concrete organization opportunity organize consciousness organization attempt political activity
problem campaign financing needs seen terms major influences congressional vote campaign spending congressional presidential issue senators presidents packaged professional public relations firms polls political consultants television advertising high cost items campaign budget increasingly senate house races campaign budgets escalate worry big campaign contributors fact personally wealthy candidates able run congress especially senate mount expensive statewide campaign senate cost victory ranged william proxmire winning fourth term percent vote million john heinz iii pa won seat retiring republican incumbent house campaigns averaged close republicans democrats record going loser gary california reporting expenditures problem compounded congressional races advantage incumbency general low level voter interest contest campaign money chance challengers need lot offset incumbent advantages recognition past free publicity paid staff spending buys challengers voter recognition incumbents enjoy campaign candidates issues exploited challenger translated voter perceptions short term forces gotten voters getting takes money studies house senate show challengers incumbents benefit increased campaign spending reformers face unpleasant choice alternatives
parties grown major parties frequently running candidates national offices existed american history serve number purposes broad categories parties distinguished called doctrinaire party small size specific program devoted membership examples include socialist party vegetarian party prohibition party prohibition party interesting note polled votes nationwide election parties exhibit durability despite small number votes polled expect win elections electoral process publicize dramatize points view kind party splinter party formed group major party splits progressives split republicans states rights democrats american independent party democrats break dramatic actually walking floor democratic convention democrats adopted civil rights plank national platform parties seek publicize dramatize points view addition seek show support electoral arena bargain major parties penalize party forced party unity considered important winning elections dramatic breaks unity undermine party image polls parties threaten defeat party presidential elections gaining electoral votes force election house representatives party play pivotal bargaining role
national party conventions loud celebration american political process complete bands crowds placards balloons demonstrations kind combined fourth july eve carnival circus thousand delegates gather selected states delegates include governors senators mayors political leaders delegates national convention difficult move convention floor find wants talk find breakfast candidates course extensive communications networks wired fingertips recent conventions accompanied glare television lights extensive confusion oddly national party meeting quadrennial convention nominate president united states delegates situation converge single candidate kind characteristics successful nominee possess sense nominating process seeing importance clear information delegates agree decision making situation opposed centralized continuous smaller confused situations obvious cue decisive front runners convention defined primaries party conventions considerable advantage situation saying merely candidates win perceived likely win perception important winning political scientists nelson aaron wildavsky call fulfilling prophecy nominating process
presidents executives organizational modes individual style determines heavily personal variations degree success account recent attempts solve organization problem illustrates individual range variation study called managing white house political scientist richard johnson analyzes organizational styles presidents franklin roosevelt lyndon johnson according account franklin roosevelt competitive approach selecting advisers temperaments points view intensifying competition granting overlapping leave advisers speechless utterly incompatible proposals beaming fine saying weave roosevelt appreciation diverse ideas remarkably accessible amount information president receive contrast later palace fortifications nearly hundred persons telephone stating business secretary roosevelt insisted active role control decision advisers hostile loyal harry truman relied approach traditional bureaucracy institutional machinery delegating overseeing machinery loyal personal aides dwight eisenhower approach truman heavier reliance bureaucratic organization delegation authority cabinet members expected run departments adams coordinated top story told secretary dulles suez crisis reports pouring office chaired staff meetings furiously working merely events
increasingly twentieth century presidents found vice presidents diplomats heads symbolic presidential panels general errand runners goodwill tours attended functions speeches things presidents wish lyndon johnson vice president hubert humphrey assigned speak country explain vietnam war richard nixon vice president spiro agnew critic dissenters american intellectuals role news media national politics walter mondale assigned variety chores carter administration cases clear vice presidential busy easily advisers cabinet officials presidential aides assigned pleasure president president humphrey president president vice president recent president promises expanded role vice president real change apparent problem twentieth century adams contrast potential role actual role vice president president waits wings understudies course prepare part called play thing say prepare presidency judging historical accounts vice presidents attend rehearsals famous accounts presidents vice presidents wilson marshall speaking terms
patterns apparent tendency select vice presidents states largest population exceptions states largest population largest number nominating votes convention largest number electoral votes election chapters presumed benefits offer election votes cast candidate choice nomination saw chapter presidential candidates tend chosen states frequently expected chance vice presidential pattern similar tendency select candidates congress vice presidency table governors chosen congressional gubernatorial office chosen ask ticket balancing tells vice presidential candidates selected answer significant exceptions exceptions tendency balance ticket region tendency balance representing clearly political personal views exceptions help understanding predicting vice presidential selection considerable speculation press television media convention vice presidential nominees patterns help eliminate names suggested highly unlikely narrow list recent republican nominations names ronald reagan robert lindsay charles percy unusually high media vice presidential lists reagan mentioned vice presidential choice nixon lindsay percy liberals conservative party conservative presidential candidates exceptions rule ideological ticket balancing
matters difficult case precedent court attempted enforce subpoena president add difficulty implicit problem enforcing court decision reluctant president executive laws faithfully executed problem implicitly posed court decisions touchy case attempt walk middle ground eisenhower appointed judge sirica ruled president directed turn tapes sirica private inspection decision claim contents protected executive privilege appeal court appeals upheld sirica ruling vote judges majority appointed democratic presidents minority nixon appointees october battle tapes nixon subsequently complied appeals court ruling massive negative public reaction firing special prosecutor cox later found tapes missing portions erased sirica asked issue subpoena missing tapes meantime public reaction president continued grow house judiciary committee began debate impeachment motions grand jury indicted high level nixon associates naming president conspirator political legal constitutional questions began converge court decision sirica ruling appealed special prosecutor asked supreme court review case court appeals arguing public interest speed imperative
important source influence congress provided norms institution norm simply unwritten rule behavior social group expresses things describing prescribes descriptive prescriptive describes present seeks influence action future norms found number groups organizations college students norms dress behavior wear formal dress class talk studying saturday nights congress unique norms unusual important thing congressional norms power affect behavior national legislature distribute influence affect kind policy major congressional norms worth attention norm seniority says experience congress valued important lessons learned influence longest norm weakened generally upheld congressional members astronaut john glenn elected senate vacancy aeronautics space committee freshman dale bumpers arkansas received assignment glenn assigned interior jurisdiction public lands terrestrial indian affairs according norm glenn knew bumpers space policy senior committee members congress glenn orbiting earth examples continuing strength norm occurred ninety congress minority leader gerald ford addressing house session
point view gain clearer perspective range limits conflict congress party leaders committee leaders leaders opposing parties real severe differences opinion exist specific policy broad ideological questions basis minimizing compromising conflict exists stems common base support membership congressional norms fact opposing leaders lunch past twenty party committee leaders congressional seniors compiled considerable congressional service attaining leadership posts house leaders averaged twenty prior congressional service attaining leadership speakers averaged sixty age majority minority leaders fifty period party leaders approximately age average committee leaders subject senility rule average stayed number leadership post fact spent longer congress committee leaders gaining leadership rank party leaders oppose committee leaders balked bill lodged committee remains strong basis communication reciprocal support party leaders readily attack seniority system level appears limit power norm seniority supports limits conflict exist leaders opposing parties major differences divide parties congressional agenda devoted leader reputation support members depend part won lost parties opposed
foreign policy actors engaged domestic politics constitutional design nations find foreign policy priorities affect domestic politics vice versa raises specific questions american case foreign policy makers white house military bureaucracies constrained public opinion parochial home centered congress government strong hand decision makers held accountable congress american government strong power james madison quoted chapter saying encroaching nature restrained passing limits assigned war making power abroad turned passing limits assigned idea limited government loses meaning extreme pushed experiment problem seen sharpest form chapter presidency times presidents tied huge bureaucracy checked independent congressional power swamped problems managing white house times support public courts congress decide temptations employ areas strength areas weakness typical war power support solve domestic political problems administration scandals declining public opinion polls political difficulties saw earlier claim national security invoked release nixon white house tapes claim seen pentagon papers case pentagon papers series government documents commissioned defense secretary robert mcnamara tracing top secret history involvement vietnam
influence public opinion interest lack opinion interest seen preceding chapters obvious form public opinion expressed voting selects occupants white house members congress defining kind attributes issues selected helps shape character institutions importance incumbency seniority system constituency representation committees traced electoral activity public opinion mediated political parties determines party organizes house senate heads standing committees office economic opportunity created abolished presidents enjoy greater lesser margin congressional party support conditions party versus divided party control shape relations branches affect frequency budget battles congressional investigations elections additional indirect effects supreme court federal court appointments key bureaucratic personnel presidential aides advisers vice president follow kind presidents selected backgrounds interests political relations congress electing nixon humphrey brings john mitchell white house set supreme court justices opinion influence personnel government shapes behavior office broad policy directions part power president comes public expectations support recall chapter importance childhood socialization strains induced cult presidency importance presidents advisers public opinion polls congress sensitive tides public opinion shifting tax cuts federal spending defense cutbacks increased military preparedness war powers act tonkin gulf resolution depending members hear home
widely debated question idea limited government relevance increased scope twentieth century activity government longer merely patrols protects apple orchard involved complexities orchard management cigarette packages law congress carry inscription warning surgeon general determined cigarette smoking dangerous health surgeon general reached conclusion bureaucracy person politics relations executive actors politics personal profiles cabinet appointees major administration figures hear secretary interior determined secretary housing urban development determined government pronouncements statements concerning health determines hazards cited increased scope national government responsibility expect lines government hold increased demands create kind organizing dynamic material earlier chapters thinking question reviewing policies initiated supported suggests single concentration point expanded activity seen difficulties policy innovation need executive legislative support budget process identified importance committee specialization basis constituency interests parallel bureaucratic specialization examined problem presidential information gathering bureaucratic control bureaucracy monolith large highly compartmentalized set political entities interacting diverse political environments
flowing white hair tried hold temper tried polite tried answer calmly tried american political science convention try avoid ruffling feathers avoid insulting avoid treating fools fools finally exploded fist panel table water drinking glasses splashed ashtray bounced floor head white hair flew directions editor capitol crier shouted frail balding professor audience don newspaper business bloody fool language unheard meetings learned scholars exchange ideas politely editor professional scholar owned ran profitable newspaper target wrath sitting room wasn accustomed called bloody fool wife color drained face editor continued erupt past ten minutes trying kind hideous ogre devoid shred social consciousness act think job newspaper educational institution masses education job mine run business business money stock trade called news news entertainment guise news called going print readers going read sell papers going print educational stuff put poorhouse
highest law constitution constitution written convention drawn residents proposed adopted proposed law authority constitution conform commands constitutions thought higher rank law constitutions lower rank united states constitution federal law provision constitution conflicts united states constitution federal law declared invalid courts constitutions differ exotic ways fundamentally alike establish separate branches government legislative judicial executive grant branches separate collection powers including powers check powers branches call principle separation powers principle checks balances branch power basic job prevent branches exceeding basic jobs legislatures power legislate remove members branches office impeachment separation powers checks balances found constitution implied directly stated found constitution principle judicial review power courts nullify laws conflict higher laws notably acts legislature conflict constitution judicial review power courts nullify decisions acts lower courts power nullify actions executive officers conflict law
constitution mean supreme court says means appears exist supreme court says exists words banished practical purposes constitution court united states guarantee union republican form government authors constitution mind adopted guarantee term republican government mystical political scientists define republican government modified form democracy rule representatives framers mind forms direct democracy united states jeopardy england town meeting referendum initiative forms boss rule constitutional jeopardy reason republican dictatorial supreme court shunned provision constitution largely managed escape deciding cases court willing assume congress representatives congress seats implies republican court provisions constitution decide cases decided republican form government clause court find legislative bodies unconstitutional violations idea republican government term republican slippery business deciding governments republican political supreme court chosen simply pretend words guaranteeing republican form government written
gothic romances women swooning realized swoon afternoon bertha lay grass park rolled half top brushed hair forehead nearly floated president known campus political club guess elected prettiest member office political club responsible elected president brought business forthcoming political ball festivities begin minute debate presidents rival clubs bertha met times plan affair meeting whispered love ear minute bertha austria understand love sight incredible feel member political party bertha playfully fourth meeting bad idea debate don bowl debate simply standing announcing beginning decided join party sweet boy disappoint grew duty clarify issues parties clarify solutions problems service political parties parties nominate candidates mischievous grin pursued proposal bertha clarify things simply guys bat
certainly true economic elites town equipped heard campaigns expensive money candidates local office members economic elite rely gifts mount campaigns election reelection occasionally wealthy person run local office members economic elite busy hold public office economic elite consider public office beneath station governor squares image legislator county commissioner city council member mayor questionable amusement fill retirement course economic elite lofty attitude federal elective offices president vice president united states senator cabinet appointments economic elites prefer control public affairs indirectly campaign contributions economic elite community influence officeholders employer employer friends relatives packs small industry towns officeholders friends relatives industry apt employer economic sway economic elite members rate control business firms sufficient decide move town threats move disturb lots lose jobs start paying higher taxes firm moved threats bring tremendous pressure community officials officials
governors states perplexing size governor staff size population directly related governor small population clerk typists executive secretary governor populous staff exceeding hundred average american governor executive secretary press secretary legal advisor legislative secretary stenographers receptionists file clerks mail clerks police aides telephone operators governor look picking personal staff governor staff loyalty thought governor interest interest reason governor hesitate pick party regular staff party regulars definition loyal party party interest governor interest party stand say abortion legislative reapportionment appointments bureaucracy odds needs ambitious governor especially governor hopes reelection lie broader segment public represented party reason governor want staff members fail share enthusiasms attitudes alienate interests governor depends support governor accomplish hope reelected advanced higher glory support collection robust interests staff members radiate affection interests governor governor want fools loyalty enthusiasm required
pay legislators varies widely california legislators serve full paid report making average annual income american workers michigan york illinois massachusetts give legislators higher salaries states thirty states pay legislators average american worker makes states pay hampshire legislators recent pay raise century word pay easy define lawmakers states side benefits look suspiciously pay diem allowances cover living expenses attending legislative sessions insurance policies pensions telephone postage travel privileges district office expenses interim payments leadership allowances holding office legislature tricky calculate legislator salary wonders legislators don deliberately calculation precise pay mathematical challenge states legislators variety free tickets football games university immunity speeding tickets issued business private interests generous free memberships clubs free passes ski areas reduced prices hotel rooms legislator paid cost money campaign office lot money legislators don paid finance campaign re liable money special interests hand special interests anyway competent won
blasted committee bill lands lap rules committee refers committee reading committee battlefield committee composed members house meets house chamber casual observers able tell seeing meeting house representatives meeting committee strange committee committee composed house committee escape rules govern meetings house matter quorum business legislative bodies require quorum word stemming latin pronoun meaning word quorum today means minimum number members present assembly validly transact business quorum legislative bodies majority members half members member house representatives quorum committee smaller percent committee typically takes roll call votes vote recorded voting generally viva voce latin living voice speeds things member vote committee votes unrecorded yes forums issue rules debate relaxed terms member speak mechanism cutting debate committee possibility moving previous question
americans realize trials called hearings conducted bureaucracy bureaucrats strange judicial business transacted bureaucracy regular courts law fact amount judicial going administration dwarfs amount going courts law sheer number cases heard amount money involved summoned federal revenue service answer questions income tax subjected low level informal trial taxpayer told result initial contact owes taxes challenge finding ask hearing level service levels appeal revenue service point taxpayer entitled full formal hearing identical proceeding regular court law hearing officer presiding lawyers witnesses cross examination panoply judicial procedure taxpayer exhausts levels appeal revenue service try appeal case court agencies levels government likely numerous disputes citizens process settling agency called adjudication administrative trials agency acts prosecutor judge typical case barber violates rule barber board failing put comb disinfectant inspector board observes barber barber board holds hearing determine barber punished suspension license say days
sheriff heads county police force deputies charge mainly law enforcement limits incorporated areas urban counties sheriff role larger usual smaller usual depending urban area incorporated incorporated resulting cities handle law enforcement city limits numerous unincorporated urban areas nation resist incorporation don want pay taxes support separate police force separate set city bureaucrats residents unincorporated urban areas delighted let county supply limited services supply wish sheriff runs county jail addition deputies help courts serving arrest warrants suspected perpetrators crimes jurors subpoenas witnesses sheriff department commonly helps civil cases serving defendants summons instructs defendant court answer complaints serving summons difficult especially defendant suspects served tries avoid plaintiffs civil actions free expert summons servers sheriff wish prosecuting attorney prosecute county lawyer advises county board county officers legal problems related duties looks contracts say supposed say asked advise county official proposed action official legal powers procedure power legally correct
hot summer mornings cool signed class business law morning white haired professor gave rambling lecture meaning word corporation artificial person raised hand god creator artificial person creator god soul artificial persons vote vote citizen law covered bill rights freedom speech equal protection laws counsel property sue wow thought artificial person feel artificial person person soul yes mused professor group say want carry business considered separate person purposes business waves wand declares separate person hard form corporation asked bell rang son professor don try try lawyer charge asked friend thing public library look law corporations tells set step step wrote letter secretary asked blank form file articles incorporation
city councils elected members average larger city larger council average size councils cities million members average cities million cities nashville york cleveland chicago st louis councils ranging large cities large councils dallas boston orleans number cities similar size councils members curiously city councils england slightly larger average councils parts country part mythology legislative bodies legislating actually legislation country levels government administrators granted city councils legislative bodies pass laws laws recommended agencies offices bureaus executive branch government bureaucracy contact problems require legislation able city council expertise analyze problems consider alternative solutions city councils spend considering proposals bureaucrats effect executive branch bigger city bigger role executives legislation smaller town council forced city councils docile face city managers agency heads strong mayors easily understand councils want leave details administration administrators councils routinely enact policy recommendations administrators generally deliberation inserting
expensive thing states run colleges universities demands money increase demands welfare health sidelong glances direction dollar eating institutions higher education need wisely colleges course hate thought unwise especially academic questions academic program worthwhile academic institutions afflicted empire building sector bureaucracy limit ambition university administrators faculty run bigger show wish institution law school medical school engineering school college imaginable academic program drive biggest entirely human necessarily condemned colleges biggest valued highly wishes colleges universities drive bankrupt granted course fully granted declining enrollments taxpayers revolts demands treasury cost higher education effectiveness closer scrutiny led arrangements designed stop multiplication law schools medical schools dental schools stop duplication overlapping sorts academic programs dozen institutions higher education ranging junior colleges universities justification insisting degree specialization don try thing
welfare programs carried exclusively states local governments federal involvement unemployment compensation federal government law says effect run unemployment compensation insurance system federal government run chosen run program insurance charity payments unemployment insurance fund employer employee involuntarily unemployed worker draw weeks unemployment compensation amount duration payments varies program fairly cut dried easy administer frequent disputes eligibility payment arise unemployed person voluntarily involuntarily unemployed collect unemployment insurance compensation voluntarily leaving job local governments commonly provide charitable welfare destitute ill money payment groups local governments establish orphanages homes ill aged cartoon appeared press ago showing russian minister agriculture surrounded top assistants demanded russia farm problem america american farm problem generations problem overproduction low prices federal government governments lavished attention problem curiously government sense problem overproduction government responsible overproduction certainly accuse government premeditated intent afflict farmers surely reverse true federal governments showered benefits farmers benefits creation agriculture colleges nearly
flying los boston sunny couldn eyes ground feet window seat gazed grand canyon looked puny gash earth height political scientist thoughts wandered government beneath canyon national park run federal government county piece indian reservation parts vast navajo reservation part hopi reservation surrounded navajo school districts police districts fire districts cemetery districts municipal corporations kind interlaced banner government amidst loneliness grandeur painted desert government progress continent continued ground colorado springs looked saw white condensation trail stretching pikes peak west nearly kansas east plane high hear cloud clouds window saw front wall rocky mountains suddenly drop endless flatness finally checkerboard pastures eastern kansas help thinking hundred counties kansas nearly square set neatly rows earth think million served hundreds municipalities thousand townships countless school districts special districts counties government legislators
geography necessarily destiny help explain country politics country easy invade stronger army governing mentality country difficult invade size regional diversity country difficult unite natural resources factor necessarily dominate poorly endowed countries achieve prosperity democracy richly endowed lands human resources natural resources basic economics politics country unified early late part countries artificial natural entities created group tribe neighbors unifies sword founding nations pretty bloody business longer ago took place look sweden say nice peaceful country look uganda say ghastly bloodbath warring tribes forget sweden resemble uganda sweden simply violence early unification consolidation country leaves regional resentments incredible staying power ancestors conquered centuries ago act resentments political ways voting booth civil violence history impact present modern wrenching experience industrialization urbanization growth education communication uproot traditional villages lifestyles send factories cities process mobilized aware condition willing change
century magna carta english kings started seeing utility calling london capital knights shire roughly county similar number burghers towns consult king matters realm kings goodness hearts needed firm support local power raise taxes fact english kings french holdings meant england fought wars france expensive raise revenue pay inviting local notables participate symbolically affairs kings founding institution thirteenth century overshadow monarchy seventeenth century parliament began extension king court centuries took knights burghers formed call lower house house commons noble rank top churchmen formed call upper house house lords leading member commons representative king called speaker order business conducted unhampered parliamentary privileges developed prevent arrest members commons stage representative institution sense represented locally wealthy powerful cross section english later nineteenth century parliament especially commons played role important accurate representation nation
british parliament nominally bicameral house lords centuries seen power erode early commons established supremacy key area money raising revenues spending constitution money bills originate lower chamber house representatives echo english tradition britain civil war glorious revolution seventeenth century centered power commons commons emerged winner lords gradually took seat considered lords dignified part constitution britain unwritten constitution permanent powers chambers legally commons push lords retirement powers severely limited parliament act lords delay legislation thirty days financial bills bills lords amend legislation send commons turn delete simple majority lords jolts system independence mind lacking house commons embarrassed thatcher government commons majority rejecting plan abolish elections london regional government tory lords thought thatcher going backed lords play larger role debating club british institution position check potentially dictatorial powers prime minister large disciplined majority commons seen weak analog supreme court sort conscience nation
louis xiv king french absolutism developed brought high point louis emblem sun things revolved sun king increased centralization aimed augmenting france power louis large army continual warfare acted prime minister handled administration personally bothered estates general constructed gigantic versailles palace thousands nobles live diverting power seeking game playing games intrigue love flattery english lords ruled small kings estates french nobles reduced courtiers louis policies war magnificence terrible financial drains harness french economy serve louis minister practices mercantilism theory nation wealthy amount gold possessed amass gold government supervise economy plans subsidies monopolies tariffs helped set pattern found european countries japan purely free market economics government expected play helping role louis xiv able monarch impressed europe kings tried imitate french cuisine architecture dress language dominated continent france louis xiv looked impressive england checks balances centralized monarchy france able accomplish things english slowly developing political participation actually devised stable system external splendor france eighteenth century difficulties treasury bankruptcy
english constitution grew piecemeal formalized document french constitutions seventeen revolution spelled logic clarity americans regard constitution religious awe touched basic provisions french european countries seen constitutions averse rewriting basic rules political game decades french citizens agreed fourth republic inherently flawed unable settle ghastly algerian war chief problem defined de lay weakness executive premier president simply figurehead typical european republics premier prime minister depended unstable coalitions faced controversial issues coalition parties drop vote government vote confidence bring twenty cabinets governments twelve personal jealousies played role premier effective politicians voted resentment pierre france settled indochina war popular effective national assembly voted months later fourth republic embodied weaknesses multiparty parliamentary system plague italy system stability sweden depends party system national political style french parties political style doubtful pure parliamentary system french wise choice going presidential system box
french presidential press conference offers quick insight french political style rare event maybe press conference takes place imposing salon elysee palace french white house president seated wall brocade tapestry keeping elegant setting president attired conservative suit plain tie journalists sit quietly taking notes president abstractly progress national greatness reason order professor giving lecture speaks beautiful french slowly clearly utter confidence literate witty phrases product elite education president takes questions reporters questions polite timid dares try catch embarrass president president return treats journalists small children understand logic clarity policies president keeping french political style magisterial rational aloof american presidential press conference held frequently takes place plain blue backdrop president stands lectern wearing indifferent suit striped tie president nervous ill ease knows newspeople president job beads perspiration break brow offers opening remarks defensive tone explain recent actions forced smile throws conference open questions floor journalists descend wolf pack clawing air upraised hands demanding attention
arrogant high handed crusty obstinate authoritarian maybe senile complaints konrad adenauer critics admit der alte german contributed founding democracy west germany amazing thing adenauer career didn begin trained law adenauer mayor cologne lasted nazis kicked vaguely implicated plot kill hitler adenauer arrested held jail months devout catholic adenauer active prewar center party war ii adenauer decided revive catholic party form larger center grouping christian democratic union welcomed catholics protestants adenauer chairman cdu rhineland branch president parliamentary council bonn say bonn chosen west germany capital home banks rhine bundestag elected chancellor adenauer choice coalition partners major positive impact bonn democratic stability grand coalition social democrats adenauer formed small coalition cdu conservative parties cdu eventually absorbed polarized politics healthy spd opposition rethink program patiently build electoral support finally entering cabinet wait major parties contributed present party system germany foreign relations adenauer pointed federal republic decisively westward
tremendous germany century effects shifts regime older germans cautious political involvement upheavals freed german society traditions patterns cumulative effects successive collapses monarchy weimar republic reich postwar american influence effect social revolution germany changed disappearance prussia divided russia poland east germany junkers displaced estates prussia authoritarianism longer crush german democracy prussian concept worshiped replaced british american pluralist conceptions reflection integrator diverse conflicting interests viewpoints pluralism recall attitude interest groups interplay alien idea traditional german political thinking widely accepted shift capitals berlin bonn symbolized move prussian authoritarianism western pluralism accompanying communist eastern parts germany massive human history close ten million germans fled westward late million fled east germany berlin wall west german federal republic flood effect breaking narrowness provincialism german society refugees granted instant west german citizenship integrated quickly homes older generation harbors nostalgia home regions lost forever children couldn care west germans
word describe west germany economic performance century war ii wow americans britons touring federal republic feeling germans won war paradoxically precisely germany lost industrial plants equipment destroyed allied bombing ripped shipped russia vengeful soviets british americans patched industries germans started scratch efficient equipment war beneficial poor food fuel barely sufficient minimal survival war meant kind rough equality germans income distribution equitable germany japan victorious countries bitter class found britain france develop postwar germany started similar low level germans feel share economic growth defeat war empty stomachs postwar left germans modest expectations britons americans expected handed kind postwar paradise joke germans don live live longer case fairly describes german attitudes ruined country fix human skills roads railroads electricity hitler economic growth outlet german national pride conservative leadership cdu economics minister later chancellor ludwig erhard bonn government pursued nearly faire policy
soviet bureaucracy monstrous size style employing fourteen million persons governs facet soviet countries studied tend pejorative word russian soviet union bureaucratic par excellence soviet bureaucracy builds tsarist tradition powerful arrogant rigid civil servants commanded tsar russia produce writer brilliantly satirized officialdom inspector general vast economic machine manage soviet bureaucracy worse slow marginally competent inflexible indifferent efficiency immune criticism party officials part problem soviets trouble making mind civil servant specialist field loyal enthusiastic party member words expert red tried mixed success hope combination red experts mentioned communist party plays important role appointing checking supervising gigantic bureaucracy party calls function things worse knowing ultimately responsible party party keeping tabs keeps soviet officials toes foul department factory run demoted transferred remote area tends extremely cautious going strictly book taking chance successful party takes note recommend higher position
stalin death opened period jockeying power politburo aware stalin monster longed stability personal security steps head secret police beria stalin georgian arrested shot kgb party control premier georgi malenkov advocated relaxing stalin system producing consumer goods khrushchev party secretary post powerful khrushchev later adopted malenkov policies craftily built coalition malenkov depicted weak clerk deposed stalin trotsky type struggle khrushchev merely malenkov demoted minister power stations soviet leadership agreed violent death run political system loser consolidate power khrushchev resorted drastic incident cpsu history denounced stalin party congress khrushchev set record straight clear conscience enemies party party stalinist immobile incapable reform innovation productive potential soviet union lay blanket fear routine storm khrushchev chose direct route rid symbol system stalin twentieth party congress february khrushchev delivered stinging hours tirade crimes stalin thousands party comrades top military officers
absolute terms soviet economy performed impressively transforming backward country greatest industrial power united states standard living low major industrial power adequate russians known illiteracy disappeared incomes nearly equal united states relative terms relative countries important aspirations soviet economy fallen short countries industrialized fast faster soviet union coercion standard soviet reply comments economic progress invoke devastation war ii hitler invasion ahead today decades excuse began wear thin especially war devastated countries showed strong growth yugoslavia east west germany finland worst soviet failure terms promises projections soviet economy falls short targets plans lowered fourth khrushchev rashly promised achievement communism twenty soviet leaders avoid promises speak economic growth soviet consumers stand line nearly soviets automatically line forms figuring desirable end buy don need order sell swap later depending season luck harvest soviet housewives spend hours week addition full job waiting food lines earlier soviet union registered impressive gains backward economies advantages terms rapid growth
legally black political parties south africa nonetheless exist play increasing role mobilizing blacks frightening whites labeled cultural associations underground exile black parties reality white south africa ignore oldest important black party african national congress founded blacks educated missionary schools half century practiced nonviolent protest leader gentle chief albert won nobel peace prize nonetheless banished remote village died banned nationalist regime relentlessly implemented apartheid structure conclusion violence communicate message leaders convicted plotting revolution sentenced imprisonment die operating exile young blacks weapons training soviet bloc help infiltrate republic sabotage attacks police stations spiritual leader nelson grows legendary spends prison blacks especially young blacks worship south africa let blacks vote nelson win national election regime effect admitted importance offering release condition renounce violence move calculated split confuse didn buy statement read cheering crowd daughter referring let renounce violence rare prison interview british visitor explained armed struggle forced government want give ball court
truth white view africans tribal outlook exaggerated born raised rural areas speak native language doubtless case millions africans reside urban areas mines factories homes offices longer accurate modern economic conditions africans tribes integrated africans tribes africans suffering common fate zulus largest group africans paradoxically whites policies broken tribalism integrated africans mines found teams composed tribe prone fight teams tribes integrated crews fighting stopped mine companies invented synthetic language tribes communicate typically urban blacks fluent african languages fairly tribes businesses generally require english africans speak reluctant learn afrikaans language africans revolutionaries black power called pre mobilized politically aware think terms specific problems avoiding arrest passbook commute black township decent housing making ends meet worry voting rights distant abstraction growing number young black south africans especially urban areas educated
ideally white south africa detach black labor black bodies sending labor cities returning bodies homelands south african industry needs wants african workers white south african society want black residents upshot africans dribble cities regime tries control numbers distance pass sytem developed part influx control africans employment labor broker urban areas preferred live hostels city earn money months return home especially industrial development war ii africans live permanently cities families created brazil shantytowns orderly whites disliked shantytowns meant uncontrolled black migration cities townships designated african settlement miles white cities cheap housing built sewers electricity africans temporary sojourners white south africa point making comfortable shantytowns bulldozed inhabitants homelands lucky allowed rent small house township standing southwest townships johannesburg biggest known township look horrible standards learn house occupied dozen persons houses plumbing electricity commute johannesburg crowded place black matter wealthy live johannesburg area
ideological pragmatic political belief systems inherit past nation unique historical development rich heritage political thinkers ideas united states alexander hamilton james madison thomas jefferson developed core political ideas inspired later political philosophers practitioners belief system comes abroad interpreted light recipient country past experience similar belief systems integrated ideas native political thinkers early germany imported ideas italian fascism transforming hitler national socialism addition political belief systems establish political aims priorities individuals political feelings values information influence political behavior general political attitudes orientations population referred political culture important aspect political culture emotions feelings political feel strong bond loyalty affection political regime facet political culture evaluation government performance likes dislikes relative political scene basis attitudes individual adopts expectations government performance political duties voting taxpaying evidence suggest attitudes determine individual actual political conduct political scientists feel attitudes influence individual politically generally country inherits past social values important political consequences western countries acquired roman christian backgrounds political culture emphasizes individual
dominant confucian cultural system emerged institutionalized monarchy legal philosophic system dating chou zhou dynasty centuries chou zhou dynasty major political social occurred leaving mark early modern period chinese history feuding kingdoms frequently plagued chinese nation han dynasty centralized authority abolished slavery established confucian ideology according confucian thought ideal social structure founded set prescriptions relations ruler subjects neighbor neighbor father son husband wife brother brother regulations based norms filial piety veneration parents loyalty ruler describe modes persons walk talk sit consistent status relationships individual learned relationships applied sincerity result improved government society harmony government according confucius education sincerity essential government outlook led logically creation ang tang dynasty bureaucracy personnel recruited basis examinations confucian principle recruiting procedure created worlds modern bureaucracy bureaucracy based merit achievement opposed political obligations results confucius expected greedy corrupt bureaucrats prided status equating virtue quality service mid nineteenth century confucian bureaucratic system conservative obstacle social change glorified past need adapt constantly changing present
nigeria seventeen african colonies win independence rule conflict sought ardent nigerian nationalist leaders insistence individuals counterparts rest africa brought end colonial era africa legacy colonial rule argued signal failures characterized british rule nigeria basic british policy colony place economic burden meant britain exploited nigerian resources benefit britain equivalent investment nigeria war ii britain begin seriously responsibility providing education health services public works fulfilling government obligations nigeria investments finally began britain distribute nigeria fact southern regions benefited northern region tended exacerbate regional ethnic tensions failure british policy ethnic differences result indirect rule loose federalism based defined regions policies increased ethnic tensions paved secession civil war despite high expectations nigerian nationalists achievement independence sufficient create authority governing nation anxious develop plagued numerous economic social challenges ethnic tensions developed core destructive political conflict situation led political coalitions undermined election results ethnic hostilities ultimately military coups coup january deposed civilian regime summer altered military leadership
gravest crises regime face transition power leader set leaders procedures transferral power established universally accepted period transition dangerous process succession technical term power components actual transferral power leaders leaders sense regard wielding power possessing power democratic system constitutional provisions period elections resolve problem succession political parties responsibility selecting candidates conducting elections recruiting leaders replace retire die defeated electoral contests leaders natural product elections leaders chosen majority voters preferred consequence established procedures crises succession rarely occur liberal democracies sudden death unexpected retirement leader create problems case france communist political systems elections ordinarily component process succession leaders opted positions authority basis decisions top levels communist party party nation elections endorse party elite selection leaders soviet union experienced crises succession deaths lenin stalin leaders consolidated power signs succession process soviet union communist countries
provisions constitution including presidential system bicameral legislature parallel executive legislative structures twenty governments incorporated federal constitution constitution effect today modern constitution posit government duty provide social welfare circumscribed role church prohibiting working public educational institutions church foreigners form holding land exploiting subsoil resources constitution granted president expel foreign companies individuals land provided social rights political liberties guaranteeing rights workers bargain collectively organize labor unions principles land allocations predecessor constitution social contract assented developed promulgated elite reflected compromise weakly held ideologies capitalist libertarian values wealthy landed classes stress social justice secularization representatives peasant labor groups nominally mexico federation thirty states elect governor legislature governments legal power raise revenues taxes allocate expenditures constitutionally defined areas jurisdiction actual practice federal structure emasculated constitution grants federal senate power appoint governor government broken past federal government power depose authorities unwilling follow directions mexico city mexican presidents called senate declare disappearance powers forty times
developing countries political participation luxury sense individuals live subsistence level devote energy struggle exist developing states low standards living citizens sufficient leisure politics illiteracy obstacle participation percent population developing nation illiterate sectors population geographically isolated centers political power clan tribal religious loyalties obstacles participation culturally plural states achieve national integration factors contribute widespread political apathy total ignorance existence operations national political unit participation hamper development energy talents population engaged country develop implement economic programs social reforms creation effective political institutions dependent citizen involvement political parties strengthen recruiting members involving political process participation hand tensions produced socioeconomic change political development result protests demonstrations riots violence forms political activism difficult impossible fragile political institutions control low levels participation disruptive political institutions sufficiently developed literacy drives urbanization expansion mass media mobilize population political institutions capable directing responding participation political disorder instability inevitable
france interest groups avoid intimate ties single party sheer number parties makes unlikely party single dominate politics interest groups willing rely party vehicle interests general noted employers groups generally favored centrist recently gaullist parties leading farm group established close relations governing gaullist parties ties exercise important influence government farm policies labor unions favor left exception communist avoid identifying closely single leftist party unlike american unions gain exclusive organizing rights firm french unions compete members result identification single party influence potential members party loyalties join competing unions avoided controlled communist party tries distinguish party including non communists executive board despite independence parties french unions weak ineffectual weakness stems division leftist ideological differences prevent joint action employers favor specific policies unions expend deal effort competing leftist orientations open hostility gaullist regime twenty government leaders unresponsive union demands finally french unions unsuccessful recruiting members percent force unionized france compared percent britain
kgb committee security secret police longer exercises broad powers stalin terror means promoting general acceptance regime kgb retains responsibility investigating political crimes dissemination soviet propaganda unlawful dissent espionage smuggling crimes crimes defined secret police considerable leeway pursuing investigations strengthened army informers sectors soviet kgb exercises important political control behalf cpsu exhausted list control mechanisms party cpsu dominates society series parallel hierarchical structures monitor bureaucracy social groups individual citizen ultimately control structures owe allegiance party serve agents despite extensive controls hands party leadership cpsu monolithic tool omnipotent dictator maintaining control party difficult task soviet leaders stalin infiltrating party secret police spies ruthlessly eliminating rivals terrorizing innocent creating absolute dependence successors khrushchev brezhnev virtually eliminated terror party repertoire absence overt means repression groupings leaders representing viewpoints linked specific interests discerned party differences party discreetly expressed organized party rules prohibit factions differences theory policy competing sets leaders shifts policy personnel controllable general secretary
interest groups parties means government controls manipulates public phenomena means restricted nondemocratic context watergate scandal united states illustration attempt governing party democratic manipulate election campaigns perpetuate hold power noted diverse forms tasks parties interest groups assume difference party systems nations attracted attention number parties west consider desirable pattern competition parties assuming existence democratic politics generalizations risky dealing complex vital aspect politics nigerian case suggests party competition early stages development divisive explosive french case party competition lead chaos instability states histories political development single dominant parties mexico china soviet union furthering democracy goal proved successful integrating nations providing effective government changing societies greater concern nature interest groups number parties important political institutions simply present operative interest groups provide alternative means political representation compensate low levels direct citizen participation types political systems serve informal essential partners government drafting implementing policy important assuring effective responsive government important impact political parties political system
military play roles politics ranging subtle pressure private enterprise public bureaucracies political leaders control nation political economic processes common military tasks maintenance national security external threats involves minimal domestic political action military times war priority accorded war effort enhance military influence domestic politics military politically involved due manipulation public fears national security civilian leaders illustrated actions leaders vietnam war military role domestic security threats leads readily interference domestic politics police forces unable maintain internal security military preserve domestic peace countries rebellion ethnic linguistic regional minorities segments magnitude national police control phenomenon limited developing nations industrialized nations resort military order maintain domestic order repeatedly civil rights war protests united states called national guard control public dissent britain military ulster france uprising alerted national military units duty restore order latent danger military refuse protect regime eager protect threats military organizations generally readier defend regime alleged communist threats threats emanating finally persistent military control domestic political disorders frequently military past record political neutrality
means assuring civil predominance involve military economic social projects divert attention politics elicit commitment social aims revolution military assigned manage federal factories producing military arms goods troops employed public works projects past administrations military increasingly active construction hospitals schools roads teams military rural areas promote adult literacy military officers encouraged private enterprise retirement comfortable business positions frequently offered serve attractive lucrative alternative political action past mexican generals developed regional power bases defied central control provided base undertake coup prevent recent civilian leaders periodically rotated commands officers rotations reduce generals ability develop regional political fiefdoms foster loyalty national political leadership specific military personalities troops officers finally mexican political leaders attempted prevent political vacuum foster military intervention developing alternative political forces party noted countervailing force diaz military dictator ruled formed rural police force counter military organization president carranza recruited labor brigades military oppose peasant armies villa zapata later president cardenas won grassroots backing regime undertaking land social reforms confronted direct military challenge rule cardenas created armed peasant labor militias serve countervailing force military
policy making incremental takes place piecemeal response needs concerns means carefully thought rational procedure policies emerge accumulation decisions minor issues lack clear identification goals consideration alternatives full evaluation outcomes especially true liberal democracies countries independent economic social structures important decisions affecting society true communist countries despite deliberate efforts leaders develop term political economic social programs goals decisions course involve complex programs policy making includes single shot decisions appointing lower court judge lifetime position higher court naming city ordering integration public university decisions clearly require varying degrees rationality varying political inputs necessarily result efficient decisions policies serve public interest characterizes policy making attempts achieve greater efficiency rational style policy making envision political leaders setting public policy defined rational process full examination alternatives assessment probable costs consequences consultation impartial experts representatives affected groups attempt coordinate policy goals regime put political considerations effect decision ability remain office basing decisions country broad sector public
french claimed special interest defense civil liberties declaration human rights height revolution revolutionary document serves constitutional basis civil rights preamble constitution republic france accepted european covenant human rights unlike adherents covenant france permit individual citizens complaints european body feel domestic channels inadequate claims france european commission court human rights governments general human rights france positive availability newspapers expressing political belief extreme left extreme attest freedom press freedom assembly speech evident presence free activity political parties representing political tendencies regular incidence political demonstrations fear police repression freedom dissent rule law freedom arbitrary arrest assured independent judiciary variety influential bodies league rights movement racism friendship peoples monitor government performance area civil rights despite positive condition human rights problem areas political dissent tolerated instances government occasions acted forcefully repress groups thought dangerous public order dissolve political organizations ban publication newspapers jail attempt evade controls
stability mexico single party system nigeria military regime function degree popular support popular attitudes regime difficult measure certainly considerable feeling periodically manifest mexican politics study nations mexicans expressed considerable pride political economic institutions ranked high absolute percentages expressing pride low percent pride identification values revolution indication apparent support regime fact poorest states mexico give fewest votes opposition parties true urban poor indications legitimizing support deceiving poor support pri attributable manipulation majority small landowners survival dependent government interpretation agrarian code evidence considerable feeling notably frequent outbreaks peasant labor student unrest early peasant leaders found fidel castro success appealing model government spent suppressing protests guerrilla movements supported students intellectuals notably famous mexican painter communist david arrested charged supporting student led demonstrations labor restless engaging numerous strikes effort gain larger share mexico growing industrial wealth movements times sought recognition pri establish rival peasant labor movements directly challenge pri
november uneventful election took office president victor comments shift power observer mexican government appeared diaz period politicians demagogues ambitious generals big landowners albeit uniformed owners rule seized lands revolution small groups disputed executive power fraudulent elections deeply embedded mexico thirty conjured instant description poignantly highlights issue central debate advocates noncommunist communist solutions challenges change side simple objectives mexican revolution land landless uplifting conditions labor political reform election president side mao contention superstructure removing economic system political culture superficial mao mexico nigeria problems achieving kinds rapid changed desired leaders argue short full scale effort alter political culture transform economy suffice leaders nations contend change sought price individual choice changing political culture embody norms values determined elite high price believe disagreement communist priorities change soviet leaders argue communism distribution goods services opportunities await economic capacity mao agree believes priority goals social justice
early economies west experienced halt economic growth continue pie longer getting bigger unemployment reappeared grown energy resources despite ambitious plans harness nuclear power fallen needs met ten times original cost result introduction austerity programs ended vision abundance profoundly disturbed took expansion granted faith technology begun waver appears science delivered promised solutions begun adversely affect environment live qualitative consideration begun undermine hopes quantitative benefits terms rising expectations revolution rising expectations denote attitudes poor colonial peoples hope attaining standard living remotely comparable european american soviet citizens injected powerful revolutionary motive political orientations term applies developed countries urge bicycle revolutionary desire car modern nations optimistic picture expanding economy simply whetted demands multiplied expectations government instrument satisfaction needs needs expressed interest groups political parties simply pressed harder harder responsible allocation goods services intense harder governments meet suddenly democratic governments unresponsive demands citizens
historically british mixture celtic anglo saxon viking norman immigrants lack major immigration british isles eleventh twentieth centuries meant british fully prepared problems assimilating immigrants ethnic background minor problems small waves refugees eastern central europe end nineteenth century half twentieth agitation immigration jews turn century flourished extremist groups today jews fully assimilated british political represented parties similar experience await racially immigrants commonwealth countries flocked britain search numbers million appearance meant growth racial tension political terms produced small fringe white racist party national front black power groups progress integration black asian britons political activity direct defense interests religion longer drives wedges british society emphasize political differences war fifty agreement party allegiance religious affiliation continually declined estimates numbers religious denominations differ accurate count membership largest church england church wales church ireland million roman catholic church million baptized members presbyterians million methodists million full members congregationalists baptists quarter million
number party leaders strong favor eec antagonized party robbed mps choose leader broke march formed social democratic party committed eec strongly trade unions favor mixed socialized economy hand approved social welfare expenditures approved nuclear defense policy liberals ambivalent policies agreed liberals parties formed alliance policies converged agreed stand candidates mutually agreed division voting constituencies preparation election contest liberal social democratic alliance start party proved popular rise poll ratings point reached percent corresponded fall labour party poll ratings percent reason success middle ground british politics saw labour party moved left conservatives margaret thatcher moving gap created alliance able move newly elected thatcher government concessions striking steel workers national health service workers strikes collapsed completely recent politics government significantly future bought threat strike coal miners strikes brought heath conservative government
cabinet technically subordinate large complex administrative machinery civil service bureaucracy role implementing decisions cabinet enforcing laws initiating formulating policies decision making france highly centralized plays encompassing role monarchy revolution napoleonic regimes republics de present republic france remained indivisible decided paris applies department hamlet france overseas departments territories supreme authority france central government subordinate organs execute decisions makes delegate inferior local organs central scrutiny control authority encompasses railroads education children radio tv building highways cultural activities tourism medical benefits family allowances retirement benefits sports stadiums parks collection taxes police urban redevelopment meticulous arrangements economic development country diverse regions matters decided central government important governmental decisions paris president legislature cabinet decisions enforced network agents country principal organs network ministry interior mayors ministry responsible executing decisions central government administering departmental local units country staffed primarily permanent civil servants assisted number civil servants loaned council supervises national services
attention ballots focused primarily electoral strategy personalities voters turn giscard ballot communist voters mitterrand questions applied percent voters million cast ballot lesser candidates table leftist candidates urged supporters vote mitterrand assuming including communists vote mitterrand strength percent percentage votes received center simply stated aversion program personal choice giscard active campaigning mobilization fact leaders remained silent prominent favor mitterrand center disunited left votes conservative candidates debre added giscard percent total percent remaining percent ballot environmentalist candidate refused instruct voters asked simply vote candidate closer accepting twelve demands environmentalists wanted things suspend construction nuclear plants seek alternative sources energy preserve arable land abandon nuclear force revise constitution order allow popular initiative organization referendums local regional national levels provide election regional assemblies reintroduce proportional representation prohibit simultaneous holding elective office
differences economic policy differences socialists regard immigration narrowed socialist party began shift policy entries refused increasingly difficult families immigrants enter special stipends wishing return countries origin agreed proper authorization expelled policy position residents authorizing stay ten providing automatic extension maintained naturalization easier born france foreign parents simply naturalization difficult undertake summary provide greater incentives foreign residents return country change procedures naturalization sure desiring integrated french society effect socialists coalition agreed arrest immigration encourage expel immigrants residence permit continue respect rights privileges foreign residents provide social services notably housing education immigrants home france president mitterrand stated proudly secure home parties national front offered protection number issues political parties generally agree foreign policy france remain atlantic alliance member military organization close ally participant france undertake active role defense europe closer cooperation federal republic germany
chancellor power responsibility determine guidelines public policy virtual subordinate federal minister defense commander chief armed forces peacetime soon case defense war warlike emergency declared supreme command forces vested chancellor declaration bundestag case emergency president republic chancellor ways chancellor elected bundestag nominated president republic vote majority members bundestag case failure president nominee win majority elected chancellor weeks majority bundestag members candidate elected weeks bundestag vote case candidate largest number votes short majority elected chancellor elected plurality president republic appoint days dissolve bundestag bring national elections parliament elected appointed chancellor likely remain office entire period bundestag hostile majority bundestag members oust constructive vote confidence electing chancellor president republic obligated appoint april chancellor brandt narrowly missed losing office opposition leader rainer attempt constructive vote confidence federal level
left wing wing parties weimar separated wide chasm ideologies major parties federal republic show deal affinity programs competing numerous votes center political spectrum major parties part emphasize moderate middle road policies wing cdu left wing spd exercise deal constraint respective party leaders center gravity parties generally resided moderate elements smooth formation cdu csu spd coalition government easy shift power spd fdp shows consensus developed end federal republic decade conflict supporters democratic dictatorial forms government largely settled cdu spd fdp greens crystal clear accept democratic rules game founded free open society unlike situation french fourth republics bonn parties major disagreements procedural constitutional issues church issues receded background federal level lost bitterness land level conflict nationalization industry free enterprise system effectively muted hand socialists accepted idea largely free market economy hand cdu accepted government intervention measures interests consumer limitations business competition
federal republic exercised role strategic matters schmidt government dynamics east west relationship dominated superpowers agreed bilateral negotiations federal republic relegated consultative role situation unable influence decisions washington west german public opinion concerned initially intransigence east west negotiations concern western europe umbrella protection removed difficult position expected western alliance team player deal home lack understanding support position president reagan strategic defense initiative case point majority west german public opposed spd greens decidedly oppose key members governing coalition expressed strong reservations remains seen vulnerable federal republic renewed attempts soviets mikhail woo west germans west europeans positions advocated americans clear west germans desire atmosphere east west relations conducive relations east continued improvement relations german results november reagan geneva summit closer cooperation bonn east berlin contrast lightning moves established brandt government ostpolitik soviet union east bloc states early movement area incremental period initial euphoria led disillusionment expectations remained unmet
mediterranean countries show similarities socioeconomic configuration continues exist large gap countries elite masses elite members literate wealthy able pass status wealth children wealth traditionally measured terms landed property recent decades commercial business industrial banking interests gained ascendency small percentage owned greater part land mass peasantry working agricultural laborers tenant farmers cultivating small private holdings latin america need land reform redistribution potent sources violence revolution land reforms took place early avert violence greece delayed italy spain portugal undertaken expropriation large estates establishment cooperatives collectives revolution distance poor rich effect existence separate nations buttressed educational opportunities account loose standards define literacy percent spaniards portuguese rudimentary knowledge reading writing figures greece italy neighborhood percent economically countries discuss poorest western europe despite italy spain record economic industrialization modernization similar impressive growth italy capita income highest spain greece portugal average capita income compared countries common market
april leftist military revolt portugal brought authoritarian regime ruled november general francisco franco died spain franco imposed authoritarian regime victory nationalists spanish civil war ruled spain death ushered feverish period political activity led establishment constitutional government parliamentary democracy today portugal spain constitutional democracies constitutions drafted ratified countries freedom press civil rights introduced political parties including strong communist parties allowed compete votes offices elections high rate voter participation place regularly countries successfully difficult transition authoritarianism democracy reforms political difficulties faced regime stability cases remains certainty portugal constitutional monarchy country midst century period power struggles political instability competition power intense hand conservatives monarchical groups nobility supported catholic church hand liberals sought limit power regime instability led assassination king carlos crown prince produced fall monarchy institution resulted establishment parliamentary republic sixteen portuguese parliamentary system plagued political factionalism economic strife forms public violence governmental instability governments average
democracy ran platform renewal slogan change charismatic leader constantine elected president republic plagued top leaders democracy remained substance party notables bosses failed despite efforts develop organization structure stood record office leadership maintained scrupulously constitutional liberties greece lowest unemployment rate europe promoted economic growth greek capita income continued rise reach spain compete favorably italy brought greece european economic community full member inflation marred record averaging percent urban living conditions services deteriorated pollution problem percent greeks live today urban centers notably athens region home population educational facilities continued despite establishment provincial university centers inadequate civil service remained bloated inefficient corruption remained unchecked party notables democracy distributed favors subsidies basis patron client considerations office faced unfulfilled pledges mounting grievances strong leader developed powerful organization country phenomenon unprecedented greek political history andreas papandreou provided leadership democracy lacked emerged party leadership organization program appealed number groups workers farmers students intellectuals lower middle classes middle classes
postwar period seen preceding chapters soviet union unprecedented progress educating citizens infusing nonpolitical knowledge saturating political propaganda ideological doctrine immense gap opened capabilities soviet citizens political participation government continuing political paternalism system highly educated sophisticated citizens treated sufficiently responsible capable making political choices alternative policies candidates regime response growing gap growing awareness existence cosmetic complex elaborate electoral procedures tv radio news programs talk shows largely caricatures west publication book titles greater numbers newspapers journals magazines greater circulation real change content authorities retain rigid tight control flow information especially political information unapproved unauthorized books newspapers magazines ranging bible playboy brought soviet union newspapers published dissident foreign communist parties hostile communist countries china individual issues polish yugoslav newspapers magazines openly soviet public foreign mail leaving entering soviet union opened inspected bulk soviet population poorly educated informed treatment political maintained million mental workers soviet society political paternalism increasingly intolerable issues raised succession soviet leaders drawn highly educated postwar generation greater participation political process greater democratization political institutions greater freedom expression greater access information
war ii brought german invasion occupation physical psychic destruction social upheaval eastern europe resulted establishment communist regimes states region communism eastern europe cases result military occupation soviet army course assault germany imposition communist controlled government soviet union motivated part nazi willingness support territorial claims neighbors bulgaria romania hungary allies germans enemy states subjected invasion occupation red army poland member western alliance divided germany soviet union outset war fully occupied germans june invasion ussr nazis opposed poland armed resistance forces largest polish home army ties polish government exile london resistance represented basis polish hopes restoration independent poland war communists played minor role resistance ties moscow especially direct support red army gave upper hand postwar period red army advanced poland berlin soviets proceeded eliminate opposition communist rule countries bulgaria romania hungary poland red army occupation allowed local communist forces communists local origin left homelands prior war brought soviets seize control key positions local governments trade unions police security military establishments mass media
period marked rapid yugoslav political process power devolved federation centered belgrade constituent republics bosnia serbia macedonia montenegro fact autonomous provinces ostensibly subordinate republic serbia regions distinctive historical political national territory precise borders varied substantially coincidence political boundaries established communists national divisions population imperfect political territorial homeland croatian encompasses large serbian minority population excludes contiguous croatian areas bosnia multinational republic comprising serbian croatian muslim populations serbia proper serbian republic minus provinces approach ethnic homogeneity republics provinces distinguished sharp economic differences yugoslavia divided developed north comprising underdeveloped south comprising bosnia macedonia montenegro economically serbia proper falls average level development developed region times developed times higher coincidence economic inequalities national differences shaped nature yugoslav politics organization economy division resources development contentious issues postwar yugoslav politics open political struggle issues party leadership gave rise late early regional nationalist movements conflicts nearly toppled communist regime
celebrated special fourth july refurbished glittering statue liberty re presented american lovers liberty grand spectacle fireworks southern manhattan magnificent ships parading lower hudson river fine television oratory president reagan notables americans learn liberty slow development centuries dimensions protection enhancement relationship government politics applicability rest especially impoverished current commemoration bicentennial era constitution calls hard thought analysis merely fireworks charter living constitution centrally influences american society today subject controversy constitution constitutional system complex affair understand celebrate helpful younger persons today live mid twenty century evaluate instrument government invented eighteenth century meet enormous pressures crises expect arise future virtually chapters deal key aspects problems constitutional system embraces range laws institutions politics procedures political universe today elements constitution crucial need highlighted start division powers national governments separation powers legislative executive judicial branches
elections marked rise power jeffersonian republicans president john adams fellow federalists defeat easily greatly alarmed considered rabble leaving office constitution president consent senate power appoint federal judges hold office behavior judiciary manned federalists thought adams followers stave worst consequences jefferson victory federalist lame duck congress created dozens federal judicial posts march adams appointed senate confirmed federalists positions adams signed commissions turned john marshall secretary sealed delivered marshall received commission chief justice united states continuing serve secretary adams term expired working clock evening march marshall sealed unable deliver commissions important care justices peace district columbia left newly appointed chief justice left remaining commissions successor deliver jefferson angered packing judiciary discovered commissions delivered told secretary james madison hold seventeen possession jefferson reason district needed justices peace especially federalist justices
supreme court today language constitutional tests developed earlier century continue reflect basic attitudes governmental regulation speech bad tendency doctrine clear present danger doctrine preferred position doctrine doctrine stems common law support supreme court gitlow york including late courts continue hold position according adherents bad tendency doctrine legislatures courts primary responsibility determine speech outlawed constitution argue authorizes legislatures forbid speech tendency lead illegal action legislature reasonably required measure danger utterance nice balance jeweler scale exercise judgment suppress threatened danger suppose legislature decides public utterances abusive racial remarks dangerous lead violence makes remarks illegal hold bad tendency test argue totally unreasonable abusive racial remarks violence law constitutional justice holmes announced celebrated doctrine schenck united states wrote question case words circumstances nature create clear present danger bring substantive evils congress prevent danger flowing speech deemed clear present concurred justice brandeis whitney california incidence evil imminent befall opportunity full discussion
interest groups exploit communications media television radio newspapers leaflets signs direct mail word mouth influence voters elections motivate constituents contact representatives elections business enjoys special advantage arena businesspeople money utilize propaganda machinery advertisers large scale deliver message effectively important generally easy access means propaganda press groups aware propaganda business organization places full page messages newspapers nation unions find funds hire similar spaces answers labor matched propaganda skills business devoting deal money attention technique interest groups doctors teachers making publicity methods effective group propaganda impossible measure precisely impact propaganda campaigns factors involved skeptical extravagant claims organized labor strongly denounced taft hartley act banned closed shop slightly limited strike restricted union activities ways passage surveys shown majority public union members wanted law opinion group position risks arousing stimulating propaganda potential groups find usual political channels closed seek ways influence public policy courts increasingly center efforts
greatest contrast constitutions lay impact government party constitution instrument majority rule rule constitution protected rule minority coalition minorities making presidents senators representatives responsive constituencies constitution impeded teamwork government making presidents members congress responsive organized party majority party constitution encouraged teamwork constitution accepted early idea parties attacked start washington divisive fractious turbulent overly democratic constitution depended checks balances protect liberties party constitution relied regular open democratic elections expect paper constitution framers constitution antiquated feeble dynamic constitution endure contrary formal constitution endures house representatives senate fail agree president vetoes bill passed chambers party system decline discuss later raises urgent question health system depends balance constitution divides leaders party system unites happen constitutions declines disappears parties fact declining chapter discuss question detail part question answered reader partisan parents friends neighbors young democrats young republicans party club school member
schools mold young citizens values attitudes early age schoolchildren begin pick specific political values acquire basic attitudes system government small schoolchildren president president party affiliation strong feelings chief executive children young begin fairly precise knowledge president stands vary personality president researcher found kennedy image rich specific considerably politicized anticipated remembered efforts behalf peace civil rights school influences give young greater faith political institutions yes classic study examined relationships community leaders attitudes civics texts students attitudes boston communities upper middle class lower middle class working class school texts communities stressed citizens try influence government texts upper middle class community stress politics conflict process settling differing group demands upper class community leaders underscored politics conflict process reinforced lessons texts edgar concluded lower class students brought view government process carried institutions student behalf upper class students learning understand political process realistic terms part process behalf study found evidence civics curriculum significant effect political orientations majority american high school students
constitution establishes qualifications office president age lived united states fourteen natural born citizen unwritten presidential job description carry images heads says president things americans search national landscape superstar blessed judgment washington mind jefferson lincoln calm eisenhower grace john kennedy american presidency designed leadership institution certainly party legislative economic leadership post situation certainly changed presidents expected provide strong able popular leadership americans want leaders grasp real needs higher aspirations american huge fragmented system government serve needs aspirations periods crisis called branch system worked presidential system system presidency dominant strong presidents able overcome tendency inertia inherent nation beset checks balances separated powers exactly american want president want leadership kind leadership ability congress solve economic problems peace gain confidence things want provide sense purpose remind basic aspirations democratic generous nation innovative experimenting
congress overrode presidential veto enacted war powers resolution congress declared henceforth president commit armed forces united states declaration war congress specific statutory authorization national emergency created attack united states armed forces committing armed forces circumstance president required report congress forty hours congress declared war troop commitment ended sixty days president allowed thirty days chief executive claims safety united states forces requires continued president obligated resolution consult congress instance committing troops battle concurrent resolution subject presidential veto congress direct president disengage troops court ruling question congress remove troops concurrent resolution legislative veto doubt discussion legislative veto later chapter pleased passage war powers resolution experts believed war powers legislation symbolic institutional significance reflected determination congress presidents commitment american troops subject congressional approval persuade nation actions justified gravest national emergencies recent presidents including reagan opposed war powers resolution unwise overly restrictive claim congress force constitution says withdraw american forces arbitrary moment
judges liberal conservative defer legislatures try apply constitution framers intended interpret conform current values linkages judges want linkages direct speak mind linkages heart matter longer find acceptable explanation give power judicial review independent judges policy views irrelevant decisions absurdity assumption merely carrying clear commands constitution fact justices divide frequently constitution means acceptable explanation judges choose competing values free adopt policies wish restricted variety limitations significant political system judges part place president senate likely appoint justices decisions reflect contemporary values elected carter judges reflected carter perspectives elected reagan judges reflected reagan values views supreme court victory reagan clear campaigns elected select judges conservative bent chosen carter mondale carter mondale issue voters wanted ronald reagan elected chance pick supreme court justices pack lower federal courts conservatives
peak vietnam war effort half american thought spending defense thought spending table vietnam expenditures health welfare education national defense proportion budget defense spending doubled period trends reversed began think spending defense president reagan dramatically increased defense spending slowed increases areas cut federal budget public concern waste purchasing practices defense department sharply increased critics approach pointed investments carefully targeted areas vital national security especially strengthening conventional forces improving troop readiness upgrading recruiting training military personnel critics increases doubted wisdom funding system pentagon shopping list noted historically important factor winning wars strategy tactics expensive equipment comes chief reasons presidents congress difficulty controlling defense budget oppose bold program closing military bases consolidating military operations base closings anger politicians local constituents economic interests defense department hold extensive hearings actually close base weapons major american industry industry members congress areas hard promote products representatives shipyard districts push submarines texas st louis seattle push planes
opponents extensive government regulation say cases government regulation needed market forces compel business benefit consumers basic objectives opponents say clean safe environment equitable efficient economy differences arise achieve objectives critics regulation say mechanisms attaining economic social goals free market forces competition meaningful competition consumer goods price system output efficiency critics regulation say inefficient labyrinth federal rules say productivity fuels inflation blunts competitive strength abroad argue public officials intricacies economic pursuit engaged business daily basis lack knowledge results regulations unduly hamper production cost benefits provide government regulation counterproductive critics say times claim government regulations hurt intended help vice versa believe government actions protect monopolies cartels removing restrictions markets equitable benefit consumers opponents regulation suggest federal regulations penalize consumers costs regulations passed extra costs automobile safety auto emission devices part price paid purchaser car criticism regulation strict economic standpoint diverts resources potentially productive endeavors regulation debate clear cut
hundred ago policymakers worried someday incentives farms getting fine americans farmers thing fifty hundred working factories manufacturing united states experienced trade deficit century late foreign trade imbalances grew nearly billion dollar strong mid foreign goods expensive american buyers causing influx imports american goods prohibitively expensive foreign markets fact readily admitted americans quality american products left lot desired especially compared cheaper imports congress president continuing pressure coalitions industry unions regional political leaders trying save jobs companies communities foreign competition pressures textile auto industries glass steel shoe lumber electronics book publishing aluminum farming domestic wine spirit coalitions urge retaliation claim united states trade deficit justifies imposition tariffs trade sanctions urging americans buy american products industries unions regularly rushed washington urging congress enact tariffs import quotas protectionism sounds easy workable solution trade deficit deficit symptoms profound economic problems economists favor free trade dislike protectionism protectionism say prevents efficient resources merely real solutions increased productivity improved capital plant investments
police law enforcement agencies maintained governments liquor law enforcement officials fish game wardens fire wardens independent detective bureaus special motor vehicle police dispersion functions widely criticized department insists needs law enforcement agency handle special problems local level municipality maintains police force county sheriff deputies townships police officers fact separate law enforcement agencies composed women national government gradually moved field traditionally reserved local governments main cost local law enforcement borne local governments today federal offense transport kidnapped individuals stolen goods lines taking firearms explosives information lines illegal purposes federal offense mid republican presidential candidate barry goldwater focused nation attention rapidly rising crime rates crime control remained local responsibility local policy able control prevent crime spurred urban riots rising crime drug rates country congress eventually passed omnibus crime control safe streets act act gave substantial block grants states research methods crime prevention sponsored programs police education improved police equipment streamlining court processes countless juvenile justice improvement projects grants grew hundred million dollars controversy money divided states cities intensified
late york city mayor abraham admitted city verge default financial obligations york running budget deficit making deficit short term borrowing addition york cities borrow money capital projects danger york longer honor financial obligations credit borrowing market dried wanted invest city bankrupt caused york financial crisis experts agree york costly social services welfare system high public employee salaries benefits major part problem york city wages salaries employee benefits highest nation york welfare discussed chapter york city leaders decisions compromise extensive bargaining mayor nearly form temporary coalitions order exert influence policy matters mayor operates government attempts represent urban suburban interests needs poor middle class corporate executives conflict believe fragmented governmental structure led sharp escalation cost running york point growth political power city municipal worker unions york city employed persons number risen number city employees passed mark number peaked approximately
hold jefferson country radically wrong cured newspapers sound schoolmasters inform educate citizenry major hurdle overcome jefferson boundless faith education believed rationally endowed nature innate sense justice average person informed act wisely run jefferson educated enlightened democracy hope endure james bryce english citizen visited nation ago observed america represents experiment rule multitude tried vast scale added american experiment rest watching america nonetheless experiment institution policy reasonable approximation americans constantly check experiences badly experiment working experience james madison guide found stand ready preserve working change american dream lured millions shores dream material plenty dream government tolerance diverse races ethnic backgrounds individual freedom opportunity framers embarked gamble perfect union peoples develop trusting relations institutions governance hold account american dream welcomed diversity encouraged triumph america triumph federal system unity disunity uniformity diversity cooperation conflict basic elements american society
september civil aeronautics board gave tentative approval vote total ban cigarette smoking short airplane flights proposal instantly caused heated debate opponents claimed rule infringe person wished smoke supporters claimed rule grant fliers important rights breathe clean air planes health threatened smoke cigarettes according recent studies proposed rule announced cab final action receiving studying arguments sides cab set congress rules concerning commercial airplane flights recently rules smoking airplanes cab rule requiring airplanes create separate sections smokers nonsmokers antismoking groups sought rules limiting smoking planes public places based case claim breathe clean healthful air claim contested smokers cigarette companies tobacco growers argued smoke clashes conflicting claims rights common american politics arise question abortion group opposes abortion citing fetus group favors legalized abortion pointing woman control body reproductive freedom called similar clashes arisen labeling ingredients salt cholesterol food
government grown immensely congress sixty legislators represented constituents ninety congress representing half million citizens members congress introduced total bills passed percent members ninety congress introduced bills passed percent revealing breadth governmental activity size federal government budget total amount money spends sum produced surplus funds received funds spent budget times average annual expenditure federal debt increased citizen massive increases scope cost governmental activity happen result partly sheer growth country grown population increase requires governmental officials costs money important change population lives percent lived cities biggest american city york residents country contained times land percent lived cities cities larger york massive urbanization country created demands government chapter trend urbanization account growth size activities government
recent decades large population shift older states northeast midwest northwest states south southwest line middle united states leaving virginia southern half forms usual dividing line population grew percent growth concentrated grew percent figure shows percentage decade growth percent percent figures remind rate change clearly favors population shifts simply happen related developments twenty industries northern states moved south closed reason high labor costs north unions stronger outmoded industrial machinery older northern factories expensive modernize addition states offered special tax breaks lure industry states shift industry meant jobs south west fewer jobs north tend move jobs turn means capita person income region changed average income northeast percent national average south percent northeast percent national average south percent
political activists observers unhappy present party system operates favor greater diversity sort multiparty system allow foster favor development system party government parties responsible electorate seen parties decentralized heterogeneous makes difficult stands vote makes difficult president majority party leaders congress congress pass promised legislation suggestion parties pledge programs winning party compel discipline members vote programs expelling denying committee assignments refusing give financial help campaign running candidate system party government parties ideological government responsible electorate voters advance getting voters expected collectively vote ruling party election defeating members congress reelection american politics issue oriented observers believe instability confrontation result system fear congress flexible fear members able independent deliberative lose freedom rendering able help develop constructive legislation special interests sorts bad lose important role
termed small piece public opinion collection views public questions presidents job political system democratic marijuana legalized concerns government politics specifically public opinion generally include preferences candidates policies party political knowledge ideology set general beliefs values interpret things public opinion private opinion terms generally view concern public question held person public views studied politicians looking guidance act indications risks run act public opinion studied observers pollsters report politicians business leaders interested groups public believes wants times polling organizations report findings determine thinking study public opinion politicians political scientists break population categories study compare opinions held elites business executives professors members congress held masses segments workers poor young talk opinions special publics general public act politicians ways designed affect views segment
washington news evening news tv morning paper processed times source government reporter editors york prepare television york times press united press international means news face news means say interpret hard fast rules general guidelines don mistake trial balloon fully developed agreed official policy course action official leak proposal find popular reaction policy don mistake hostile leak trial balloon opponent policy proposal leak stimulate hostile reactions encourage advocates withdraw bureaucrat strategy encounter chapter remember lag erroneous accusation correction denials corrections play accusations don assume hear true pay careful attention type denial quick blanket denial fast breaking story low level official wouldn position true press secretary hopes thing blow soon involved officials act likely issue cover story designed plausible explanation happened
order move nation presidential advisor roger words presidents move presidents ask support program lobbying members congress times presidents seek adoption program energy conservation urged presidents nixon ford carter presidents simply ask note issue concern urged executive special interest group presidents proclaim special weeks days table lists proclamations ronald reagan typical month period general president tries satisfy million making interest groups task especially difficult fact want things resources scarce surveys mid consistently revealed general decline public confidence government reason course watergate vietnam credibility gap johnson presidential statements pledges suspect johnson campaigned barry goldwater painting opponent war hawk pledging commit american fighting forces vietnam pledge broke months inauguration turned series misleading assertions result american honesty trustworthiness important characteristics presidential candidate poll public wanted president produced ratings honesty trustworthiness percent concern percent experience percent leadership ability percent intelligence education percent
basic ways job federal government involves going nearest office office personnel management check phone book government applying office talk specialist sort jobs suited fill application forms written test job seeking typing stenography sales store clerk checker operator exam rated weeks notified finds qualified job seeking found qualified register qualified applicants wait matched opening days approach worked eventually million americans inquired jobs civil service commission sixty applicants opening figure climbed seventy rising size bureaucracy virtually constant quarter million took government exam hoping hired percent successful re area country special reason demand small approach longer likely approach request hiring level secretaries clerks takes form requests agency seeking sends specific job description
congress shares power executive bill law congress pass president sign saw case nepa branch government checks president veto bill houses congress pass bill thirds majority law anyway saw chapter major presidential appointments treaties approved senate checks balances part story actual operation effectiveness congress depends especially features powers congress rules congress operates constitution enumerates powers house determine rules proceedings shortly important government house constitution specifies precisely powers congress article section specific founding power define punish felonies committed high seas remain important congress power begins section lay collect taxes duties imported goods borrow money regulate commerce foreign nations states section congress power establish uniform rules naturalization foreigners american citizens uniform bankruptcy laws coin money regulate provide punishment counterfeiting establish post offices enact patent copyright laws create lower federal courts supreme court major foreign affairs powers declare war provide armed forces
education primarily responsibility states turn delegated control schools responsibility financing localities early schools generally charged parents children education words principle ability pay determined formal education gradually movement statewide systems free tax supported non church run schools spread ability pay giving principle democracy opportunity cases minorities cases women public colleges universities established received biggest impetus passage morrill act formally called land grant college act gave federal land states creating colleges specializing agriculture home economics early twentieth century states increasingly passed laws making attendance school compulsory age allowed parents send children private schools church related catholic preferred principle freedom choice applied broader principle compulsory education principle ability pay disappeared american education moved private schools higher education american business american education needed trained criterion allowed schools scholarships bright needy students common principle merit community colleges spread merit replacing wealth democracy equality opportunity determining higher education federal scholarships began gi bill rights passed later renewed korean vietnam war veterans
shortly created united nations established commission human rights led eleanor roosevelt widow late american president franklin roosevelt body international representatives drafted universal declaration human rights effort set common standards achievement human rights peoples passed unanimously united nations december later united nations drafted international convention elimination forms racial discrimination international covenant economic social cultural rights international covenant civil political rights documents ratified united states efforts implement general rights outlined declaration recent nongovernmental efforts develop support human rights increased international institute human rights organized europe decade earlier held conference participants took note generation human rights civil political generation social economic cultural building called recognition generation include rights peace development protection threats common heritage humankind pollution delegates acting private citizens agreed list disagreed important questions person refuse military service service constitutes threat peace controversy human rights confined international gatherings appears regularly american politics issue outset carter reagan administrations
constitution gave federal government power negotiate treaties indian nations indians viewed foreign nations bureau indian affairs established located department war white settlers wanted land georgia claimed jurisdiction cherokee indian lands borders recognized federal treaty supreme court georgia ruled cherokee nation distinct community occupying territory boundaries accurately laws georgia force citizens georgia enter consent cherokees conformity treaties acts congress court decisions supposed enforced president president andrew jackson famous indian reported remarked marshall decision let enforce congress passed indian removal act instructing relocate indians west mississippi river consent indians refused consent forced move military subsequently legislation transferred interior department agency trying free indian lands white settlers result surprisingly continued military defeats removal indians farther farther westward ancestral homelands virtually worthless land reservations indians occupy today congress decided indians longer viewed nations sovereign political units assimilated mainstream united states farmers
basic problem fact resources scarce assertion accept requires qualification noted earlier experts believe likely practical purposes run oil matter decades mean oil left underground means remaining oil expensive recover worth recovering thing likely increasingly true minerals point scarcer sense expensive uncover obtain debates rage experts believe resources running believe find cheaper ways retrieve adequate substitutes truth argument clear consider supply considering price scarcity economy closely intertwined energy scarcity related fact fuel want energy produced fuel dissipates environment form heat tendency energy disperse dissipated disordered means longer living high energy culture things cars electric require lots energy energy run saw figure waste energy actually achieve want decline readily energy sources led greater interest conservation efficient energy resources
american isolationist impulses strong wilson convince senate ratify membership league nations required constitution america withdrew european politics nonetheless continued military forces political power dominate latin america decades policy derived proclamation monroe doctrine attempted european powers intervening return arena war ii underway europe japanese bombed american naval fleet pearl harbor hawaii december victory japan germany italy war left united states industrial military giant major country homeland severely damaged war american government strong popular support decided participate actively postwar settlement united states took lead organizing united nations composed nations united germany japan soon united states developed marshall plan massive program economic recovery aid war torn countries europe named american secretary proposed general george marshall war soviet union invaded hitler germany brought war ally western countries war relations soviets western countries deteriorated quickly diplomats historians disagree happened country responsible agrees called cold war distinguish hot war war ii drastically transformed politics
terrorists international bureaucrats working organizations united nations officers developed allegiances organizations states born examples important development turn greatest check inclination states wage war coming growth attitudes citizens states large small signs growing opposition military adventures military spending economically advanced states japan britain france recent seen growth localism separatist attitudes minorities major states seek independence lessened external control lives examples include canada scots welsh britain bretons france basques spain spread attitudes minorities countries difficult states support conduct military adventures usual populations developed countries interested local autonomy preserving cultural distinctiveness interested dominating states words trend coupled emergence political attitudes combine concern welfare peoples growing interest local ethnic cultural religious linguistic practices citizens french alsace german baden joined organize resistance building nuclear power plants consider dangerous feeling unity national boundaries strengthened common dialect speak regular trips rhine river french baden factories germans shop french markets
matter basic stuff earth rest universe makes desk clothes body sun moon stars examples matter examples things common matter mass measure quantity matter matter volume measure space matter takes mass weight confused mass quantity matter contained body mass body remains matter body located weight hand measure force gravity pulls body center earth attractive force gravity varies location means weight body location weight depends gravity farther body center earth body weighs relationship stated exactly attractive force gravity pulls object earth varies inversely square distance body center earth suppose body weighs earth surface distance kilometers center earth body weigh point kilometers center earth distance center earth times greater
matter learned undergo physical chemical physical size shape phase chemical result rearrangements atoms chemical accompanied energy section focus discussion energy energy defined ability capacity forms energy forms matter potential energy kinetic energy potential energy energy body possesses position respect body potential energy body decreases stability increases potential energy increases stability decreases bodies particles high potential energy high stability close stone resting ground bottom mountain potential energy stable stone perched top mountain apparently attractive force stone center earth increases stability stone increases stronger bonds mean greater stability water molecules particles attract water molecules farther gas liquid solid gas water molecules higher potential energy stable water molecules liquid turn water molecules liquid higher potential energy stable water molecules solid
chapter deals structure atom subatomic particle called electron today model atom quantum mechanical model evolved scientists basis understanding behavior elements nature bonds atoms atom recall smallest part element retains properties element atoms turn smaller parts particles fundamental particles atom include protons electrons neutrons atomic particles discussed study chemistry proton particle positive electrical charge assigned unit charge mass proton exactly mass hydrogen atom electron negatively charged particle unit charge electron smallest fundamental particles mass mass proton neutron charge electrically neutral particle mass neutron slightly greater mass proton practical purposes mass neutron mass proton considered equal atoms electrically neutral means number protons atom equal number electrons recall number protons electrons atom elements
atoms metals valence electrons valence electrons free move solid producing positively charged metallic ions electrons called mobile electrons particles metal positive ions surrounded mobile electrons drift atom think metallic bonds sea mobile valence electrons surrounding stationary positive ions metallic bonds strong strength bond depends strength attractive forces positively negatively charged particles strong bonds metals result attractions positive ions electrons surrounding tends produce rigid solid definite shape considerable energy required overcome attractive forces solid metals rule high melting points mobile electrons account luster metals ability conduct heat mobile electrons account ability metals conduct electricity electric current simply flow electrons wire properties solids discussed later recall electronegativity power atom molecule attract electrons chemical bond forms elements greatly differing electrons displaced completely transfer electrons takes place result positive negative ions formed bond called ionic bond
elements helium hydrogen oxygen nitrogen gases ordinary conditions gases cooled sufficiently cooling continues solids liquid molecules gases attract overcome random motion kinetic energies solid molecules lease random motion molecules gases nonpolar nature attractive forces gas molecules solid melting points simple gaseous elements gaseous compounds low boiling points low words slight increases temperature molecules separate solids liquids liquids gases forces act hold molecules solid liquid weak attractive forces bonds hold neutral molecules called van der waals forces melting boiling points measure strength forces believed van der waals forces result interaction electron clouds neighboring molecules interactions temporarily produce oppositely charged regions neighboring molecules resulting weak attractive forces van der waals forces result interactions electrons van der waals forces stronger number electrons related molecules increases table shows noble gases order increasing number electrons
set motion mendeleev meyer system classification led developments half century periodic law revised development modern periodic table began revised periodic law states properties elements periodic functions atomic numbers words elements arranged order increasing atomic number properties elements repeat regularly notice arrangement argon atomic number precedes potassium atomic weight lower atomic mass argon reversal order occurs cobalt nickel iodine properties pairs elements fall place recall atomic number number protons electrons atom periodicity function atomic number consider examples properties repeat regularly familiar basic organization periodic table modern periodic table shown pages notice elements arranged order increasing atomic number elements fall horizontal rows vertical columns horizontal rows called periods labeled vertical columns called groups families labeled roman numerals letters iia atomic masses shown atomic numbers table atomic masses based carbon standard masses determined scale common isotope carbon assigned mass exactly
systems distinguishable phase called mixtures consider mixture salt sugar matter finely ground salt sugar distinguish phases mixture salt phase sugar phase distinguish phases boundaries separate parts mixture boundaries detected solution types solutions common type solids dissolved liquids types solutions include solutions gases liquids carbon dioxide gas dissolved water carbonated water solutions liquids liquids alcohol dissolved water solution type solutions gases gases nitrogen oxygen dissolved air solutions gases solids air dissolved ice solutions solids solids copper dissolved zinc alloys brass solutions solids gases solutions liquids gases iodine vapor solution finely divided particles solid iodine particles air carbon tetrachloride vapor solution finely divided particles liquid carbon tetrachloride air types solutions generally considered solutions gases vapors gases elements react form compound properties compound generally properties elements compound sodium reactive metal combines chlorine poisonous gas forms sodium chloride common part diet
summary saturated solution solution maximum solute dissolve temperature pressure unsaturated solution solution dissolve solute temperature pressure supersaturated solution solution maximum solute dissolve temperature pressure ball rolls unaided smooth hill losing potential energy called spontaneous change change rolling begins additional energy needed going ball bottom hill potential energy reaching bottom ball stable bottom hill similar potential energy form heat released exothermic change exothermic proceed spontaneously dissolving process exothermic ball rolling downhill proceed spontaneously conversely dissolving process endothermic ball trying roll uphill proceed spontaneously experiments shown exothermic endothermic processes occur spontaneously fact raises question dissolving solid water exothermic change governed energy factors resolve conflict think happen actually happens let assume energy factor influences solubility dissolving solid water fact governed factor addition energy factor
look solubility curves figure curve describes composition saturated solution specific temperature solid solutes shown ki curves rise solubilities solids water increase increase temperature solid nacl curve nearly horizontal shows change solubility takes place increasing temperature words nacl soluble hot water cold water curve solid shows solubility decreases increasing temperature ninth curve describes solubility gas ammonia notice solubility decreases temperature solvent water increases typical gases experiments known solubility water gases decreases temperature water increases increasing temperature substance means increasing kinetic energy particles turn means greater gas dissolves water entropy decreases means oppose heating water opposes change occur gas dissolve saying order dissolve gas liquid liquid cooled solubility gas liquid increases decreasing temperature decreases increasing temperature
reaction reaches equilibrium forward reverse reactions continue place change concentrations molecules reactions products reactants equilibrium reached reactions reactants products equal concentrations reactants products necessarily formed equilibrium opposing processes rate equilibrium exists examined chemical equilibrium equilibrium exist opposing physical processes phase equilibrium reached liquid solid freezes sold melts re forms liquid phase equilibrium exist liquid vapor gas let look phase equilibrium involving liquid vapor observe period stoppered flask half filled water level liquid flask remain account observation liquid continually evaporates fixed rate depends temperature shown experimentally evaporation liquid occurs opposite change occurs opposite change molecules vapor collide surface liquid re form molecules liquid words condensation change vapor gas liquid occurs evaporation occurs
equilibrium reached upset factor affects forward reverse reactions differently rate reaction determined recall presence catalyst concentration temperature factors affect equilibrium catalyst catalyst effect forward reverse reactions catalyst permits reaction reach equilibrium shorter equilibrium reached catalyst effect concentrations reactants pressure gases involved temperature affect rates forward reverse reactions differently composition equilibrium mixture adjusts accommodate principle governs effect system equilibrium formulated french chemist le principle mentioned chapter page stated follows system equilibrium subjected stress change concentration pressure temperature system adjusts partially relieve stress saying change concentrations reactants pressures reactants gaseous change temperature system favors forward reverse reaction change produces equilibrium mixture factors place stress system equilibrium considered detail
product formed reasonably short rate reaction increased increasing temperature increase temperature affect equilibrium notice system comes equilibrium release heat increase temperature favors endothermic change formation reactants high temperature drive reaction left decreasing yield product factors account process catalyst system reaches equilibrium rapidly temperature adjusted reaction proceed rapidly yield ammonia low temperature compromise reaction takes place temperatures temperatures rate reaching equilibrium increased reaction driven backward pressures atmospheres process conditions temperature pressure yield ammonia process economically satisfactory considered equilibrium primarily qualitative point view applied principles govern equilibrium predict conditions affect properties reacting substances products problems equilibrium approached quantitatively quantitative approach specific information concentrations reacting substances products equilibrium mixtures concentrations reacting substances reactants products related rates reaction equilibrium system
nuclei atoms stable ordinary circumstances stable nuclei undergo change nuclei atoms unstable nuclei undergo change spontaneously help unstable nuclei undergo change give radiation elements atoms unstable nuclei radioactive called radioisotopes experiments shown stability nucleus related ratio neutrons protons ratio symbolized points plotted graph figure represents ratio notice points graph connected shaded band nuclides ratios fall band stable part graph called stability zone stability belt study dotted line graph point line represents equal number protons neutrons ratio notice beginnings curve graph curve stability zone curve ratio overlap means light elements elements atomic number stable ratio heavier elements elements atomic numbers higher ratios greater element protons element atomic number remember neutrons heavier elements neutrons protons graph curve connecting ratios heavier elements slopes neutron axis
frederic irene curie discovered stable nucleus unstable radioactive bombardment high energy particle bullet curies bombarded stable boron atoms alpha particles naturally radioactive radium produced artificially radioactive nitrogen result bombardment large number artificial radioactive elements produced nuclear bombardment changing element artificial means called artificial artificial natural radioactive sum side equation equal sum side true subscripts nuclear bullets bombard nuclei positively charged particles particles protons alpha particles deuterons nucleus hydrogen isotope deuterium symbol particles high energy repelled positively charged nucleus special machines called particle accelerators obtain nuclear particles sufficiently high energy penetrate nucleus neutrons bullets nuclear neutrons charge repelled positive charge nucleus neutrons accelerated high energies atoms molecules path radiation ionized stripped electrons words alpha particles beta particles gamma radiation nuclear emissions energy remove electrons atoms molecules collide
suppose weigh block metal balances obtain weights grams grams grams weight block obtained digits words digit weighing uncertain accurately describe weight block lying grams grams grams weigh block number balances continue obtain weights agree digits situation similar suggest impossible reproduce series measurements error limitation measurement caused errors called uncertainty uncertainty results shortcomings experimenter equipment experimental observations call facts uncertain degree uncertainty reduced increasing skills powers observation experimenter refining equipment eliminated measurements precise accurate terms interchangeably meaning precision refers measurement accuracy refers closeness measurement accepted measurement scientist finds molecular weight oxygen measurements closely reproduced determination precise accepted molecular weight oxygen measurements accurate
sports part billie jean king mother fine swimmer father enjoyed track field sports played baseball basketball younger brother randy later star baseball pitcher san francisco giants billie jean king born billie jean california small child sports play baseball father friends father spoke sports re baseball player don future baseball trying golf swimming tennis billie jean didn golf swimming run chose tennis court couldn hit ball net hooked tennis told mother going tennis player dream true billie jean took tennis lessons spent spare moment practicing tennis home hit ball wooden fence yard hour hour fence fell father built strong wall practice tennis game quick feet tire easily legs stronger billie jean walked ran half miles school
ralph nader cares deeply rights caring began family childhood ralph father mother rose nader born lebanon live america nader arrived dollars pocket worked hard saved money family moved town northern connecticut nader bought house opened restaurant called highland arms naders children girls boys youngest child born ralph lebanese rose nader neighbors stood anytime strong opinions interested ideas ways things believed nader say citizens give country nader set children loved america saw improved homeland land liberty believed duty complain things wrong past statue liberty fond saying took seriously spirit naders active town meetings spoke beliefs worked hard thought town sewers community college
say successful airplane flight sky belong famous pilots young american woman interest women aviation showed flying famous amelia earhart born kansas invention airplane girls amelia learned cook sew learned tools play baseball explore wonders nature amelia grew eager live sure wanted tried things war served nurse aide war medical school dropped parents moved california special amelia earhart thrill flying learning fly air shows stunt flying airplane races popular amelia earhart flying wonderful supper table evening told parents decided learn fly airplane amelia heard woman pilot mother protested learn fly daughter
susan anthony woman fight women rights america women speaking lucretia mott amelia bloomer lucy stone elizabeth cady stanton susan anthony knew worked especially close friends wealthy mrs stanton susan anthony lived stanton home seneca falls york took care stanton children helped prepare meals friend planned ways win equal rights women battle women rights fought york ask lawmakers legislature give women vote ask give married women property sign contracts charge children divorce ideas unheard susan anthony show lawmakers york wanted women rights set tour speeches urged sign petition formal paper asking lawmakers pass law women rights number women helped gather names petition winter traveled town town airplanes buses cars travel hard roads unpaved rode dirty bumpy railroad trains cold stagecoaches
lights theater grow dim audience firebird ballet starring american dancer maria tallchief huge curtain slowly rises show scene forest prince ivan appears stage handsome young dressed hunter ago holding bow arrow walks slowly music suddenly music plays faster golden light spins prince ivan frightened runs quickly stage hide shadows leap maria tallchief dressed firebird fly stage tall beautiful golden light shows bare arms shoulders glittering gold dust wears bright red costume red feather rises small golden crown head firebird magical woman bird dance graceful high leaps stage looks bird flight music plays faster golden light firebird turns quickly high tips toes lovely dancer spins swiftly stage prince appears catches firebird arms frightened dare move sees prince means harm begins dance prince swings flying circles firebird float lightly red feather head
woman names born harriet ross called white owned black proudly called moses today america heroic women harriet tubman harriet born big farm eastern maryland early learned important facts black slave grew found meant harriet put big house miss sarah mistress bother tell harriet failed miss sarah lashed child face neck whip slaves south harriet beaten hit fast taking lump sugar mistress sugar bowl whipped hard beaten simply master mistress bad mood harriet mind independent miss sarah white mistress disliked child turned big house harriet fields actually wasn sorry preferred outdoors rest family anyway worked hard fields father brothers sisters
marriage walt disney wife business trip york city business turned badly company bought films wanted pay future looked dark disney film studio walt disney sat train going california asked lillian going endless circle hard real success getting bad luck hits nose suddenly remembered pet mouse mortimer hey mouse cartoon mortimer mouse big round ears tail walt disney took sketch pad pencil began drawing drew black mouse skinny arms legs big head drew short pants big buttons front showing drawing lillian mortimer mouse cute mortimer mouse maybe re drawings try names train reached california walt disney dozens drawings mouse found mickey mouse disney studio set began series short mickey mouse cartoons movies black white sound
mary mcleod mother took house white mrs mcleod delivering laundry washed backyard large playhouse white girls playing play called mary mother inside big house mary joined sisters playhouse children played happily dolls toys mary noticed open book table pictures words large black letters eagerly mary picked book turned girls words say asked letter hands book sisters snapped read reading tears eyes mary ran playhouse walked home mother told learn read learn read girl mary jane mcleod born civil war ended slaves set free hope family black america mcleod family large mrs mcleod grandmother sophia sons daughters black neighbors poor owned small house mayesville south carolina
heard united farm workers la things cesar chavez governor california written cesar chavez california today senator robert kennedy called heroic figures times cesar chavez born arizona mexican american family brothers sisters child lived family small farm yuma arizona hard times depression chavez family lost farm pay taxes cesar family moved california hoped find farming california big business states farms smaller owned worked families california huge farms thousands acres size owned big companies need workers pick fruits vegetables greatest number farm workers california mexican americans call chicanos largest group california chicanos largest minority group chavez family migrant farm workers moved farm farm crops pick cesar chavez learned hard farm owners growers hire workers directly labor contractors spanish speaking hired workers growers
olympic games began greece ago held country athletes compete peace friendship olympics played important part history games took place berlin germany adolf hitler dictator germany ruled country king hitler followers believed german master race boasted germany soon rule believed groups jews blacks human hitler sure black athlete beat german olympics friendly contest competing athletes hitler turned games battle fight finish sure german athletes beat athletes jesse owens competed events broad jump meter dash meter dash meter relay race event broad jump order broad jump event jesse owens chances trials jesse owens ready jump looked box seat hitler sat empty hitler walked german leader wouldn stay watch black athlete jump jesse owens mad feel anger boiling inside
story eleanor roosevelt told fairy tale girl born famous family grandparents parents aunts uncles cousins looking rich important girl homely awkward shy afraid things ease felt lonely frightened mouse later girl woman famous women land admired loved plain looking frightened girl famous women magic helped fairy tale wonderful true story eleanor roosevelt born york city full anna eleanor roosevelt meant born roosevelt meant family oldest richest united states meant relatives lived grand homes rooms servants roosevelt leaders banking big business government roosevelt women belonged high society women high society expected beautiful charming popular wore expensive dresses latest fashion days nights filled fancy parties dances
summer franklin eleanor roosevelt children vacation franklin roosevelt strong active swimming returned felt tired chilled sick felt worse feels wrong legs told wife move eleanor roosevelt terribly worried pain called doctors told husband polio crippling disease weeks eleanor roosevelt nursed husband night rubbed legs move waist lift heavy body sit husband eleanor roosevelt asked doctors able sit walk soon tell doctor answered lot depends wants lead active chance courage hard sara roosevelt bear son suffer home hyde park told franklin forget career politics comfortable easy eleanor roosevelt refused listen mother law husband believed career ahead let give sara roosevelt believed knew fought hard son eleanor roosevelt fought harder husband fighting
miss anne sullivan peered window railroad train wearing dark glasses bright sunlight hurt eyes matter thought matters job afternoon starting job train stopped southern town tuscumbia alabama young woman heart beat faster tried picture helen keller girl anne sullivan knew facts helen keller completely blind completely deaf hear child learned talk march anne sullivan teacher young woman knew blind child ill slowly lost eyesight short ago operation enabled dark glasses eyes weak hurt looked bit blurred anne sullivan stepped train thought pupil anne sullivan met helen keller pictured sad shy child kind heart helpless girl miss sullivan young woman kate keller helen mother waiting women age anne sullivan mrs keller liked
amazing story blind deaf girl teacher began told newspapers magazines printed stories helen keller america wanted fame spread europe parts helen keller pleased delighted met lively interest pure joy living wondered young girl living silence darkness cheerful happy famous women glad friends american writer mark twain enjoyed company helen seated tell funny stories listened fingers lips older friend doctor alexander graham bell think inventor telephone lifelong interest working deaf earlier helen keller parents doctor bell help child advised write perkins institute teacher doctor bell anne sullivan helen keller teacher doctor bell saw helen keller deeply interested young girl education took helen zoo washington treated visit niagara falls took helen teacher fair chicago
radcliffe anne sullivan helen keller money friends buy house massachusetts found pleasant farmhouse lake boston john anne sullivan married helen keller mixed feelings marriage happy teacher afraid losing soon found fear john joined friend john learned hand alphabet able speak read helen keller began learn problems poor told poor women big cities worked hours pay read lives children families care anne sullivan dared tell helen keller terrible childhood spoken pupil told helen poor half blind irish girl younger brother lost parents frightened children massachusetts poorhouse anne brother live sick women mentally ill dirt rats bugs building brother died anne stayed
checked mark twain hotel south plains missouri set town ear town south plains poor town certainly rich ordinary town kind town alfred big white haired guy fat exactly looks fed wearing piece suit didn discount store expect ad expensive whiskey checking mark twain hotel mark twain hotel south plains hotel south plains ten minutes later timmy bellboy town waving ten bucks alfred tip telling leather suitcases alfred checked dude mixed astoria says timmy bags smoothest looking cases hands staying hotel alfred talking alfred telling chicago visiting south plains doctor orders needs rest quiet place rush big city notice shiny suit lapel figure maybe pins colleges hand
large woman large purse hammer nails strap carried slung shoulder eleven clock night dark walking boy ran tried snatch purse strap broke sudden single tug boy gave boy weight weight purse combined caused lose balance taking full blast hoped boy fell sidewalk legs flew large woman simply turned kicked square blue sitter reached picked boy shirt front shook teeth rattled woman pick pocketbook boy give held tightly bent permit stoop pick purse ashamed firmly gripped shirt front boy yes woman want boy didn aim lie passed stopped turned look stood watching turn loose run asked woman yes boy won turn loose woman release
trouble started narrow piece land forest land prized hunting lawsuit judge stern family neighbors van family hundred later families arguing owned land eric van head family george stern head family boys hated stand opposite sides fence divided property throw stones prayed death stern wanted return forest belonged grandfather van knew land legally wanted sterns stop bothering give fight alive matter family honor cold stormy night van forest purpose kill raided land night night wish wild night dark lonely spot meet george stern witnesses stepped trunk big oak tree face face looking enemies stood looking held rifle hand hate heart murder mind thing hate thing shoot cold blood
henry phoebe rice children died rest grown moved children cares problems didn give thought mother father henry phoebe loving couple ways lived peace henry cranky misplaced thing important phoebe pipe forever messing things hush henry wife say don leave bad moods walk look behave pipe table chair henry knew wife leave joke wonder die feared seventy died sudden death early spring sixty fourth funeral henry refused live children fixed habits surroundings think leaving wanted stay put phoebe
matilda pretty young french woman happy loved beautiful things husband unimportant civil service job wealthy suffered disliked apartment chairs worn curtains faded dreamed large living rooms modern furniture husband sat small supper longed elegant dinner parties gowns jewels loved things rich friend visited madame forester classmates left friend house matilda disappointed evening husband home white envelope happy tore open envelope inside found invitation words mayor wife invite attend grand ball monday evening january mayor mansion delighted matilda threw invitation tearfully table suppose want matilda husband answered thought happy big affair important person invited wear important party dress wear tears fell eyes matter asked
don subway office thing tuesday noticed sitting opposite appeared extremely nervous staring wide eyed advertisements car began moan hands started twitch took medical bag rushed find wrong needed ask questions medical history patient forty bald didn ask bald mother disease book entitled patient usual children diseases measles thirty mumps thirty chicken pox forty married son ignatius kid cb radio hackensack night ninety social studies report card fourteen feet eleven inches tall brown eyes curly black hair front tooth interesting exactly wrong pointed shaking hand advertisement telling virtues brand shirt wilt shrink crack wrinkle
dr heidegger laboratory dimly lighted covered dust cobwebs dark corner stood skeleton tall narrow closet town told strange stories walls lined bookcases full mysterious looking volumes bookcases mirror carved frame scary faces seen looking mirror room winter evening dr heidegger invited friends sad creatures waiting die businessman spent cheating grabbing money colonel born rich wasted eating drinking sick gascon politics idea public service public serve decent cross street avoid meeting woman laboratory night mrs beautiful bad reputation guests love dear friends dr heidegger gathered asked tonight help experiment pointed beautiful crystal jar wine glasses table jar held clear sparkling liquid
orphanage high carolina mountains winter snowdrifts deep buildings cut village fog hides mountain peaks wind blows bitterly orphanage boys milk cottages reach doors fingers stiff numb autumn wanted quiet writing found living cabin belonged orphanage took cabin asked boy chop wood fireplace days warm forgot order looked typewriter afternoon startled boy stood door dog side barked warn boy twelve wore overalls torn shirt barefooted chop wood today boy coming orphanage boy re small size don matter chopping wood big boys don chop ax ahead suppose hour half passed stopped sun dropping mountain boy supper tomorrow evening pay cabin astonishing amount wood cut cherry logs blocks pine oak
story young japanese boy called gourds parents knew buy gourds pennies soon sizable collection home gourd bore neat hole top extract seeds apply tea leaves rid unpleasant smell carefully polish surface strolling beach absorbed favorite subject startled unusual sight saw bald head hurrying splendid gourd thought reach disappeared sight realize mistake stood laughing loudly laughed home twelve elementary school class playing children wandered town looking gourds evening sit legs crossed corner living room working newly bought gourd bedtime soon woke morning gaze treasure tying string middle hanging sun dry set school
ago american teenagers heard soccer strange soccer popular sports countries europe south america africa asia soccer national sport popular countries huge stadiums built soccer games attended knows sure game soccer started chinese played game ago ago romans game soccer modern game soccer started england england game spread countries europe europeans conquered areas africa asia south america brought soccer soccer especially popular south america fact south american named pele helped soccer popular united states pele played soccer team brazil career played team united states york cosmos american thrilled exciting moves brazilian player pele retired soccer game popular united states high schools colleges soccer teams united states beginning play oldest popular sports
study history important notice dates dates tell events took place help track sequence events knowing order events happened makes easier understand event influenced look important events japanese history japanese government closed japan visitors countries commodore matthew perry united states visited japan warships result visit japanese leaders turned making japan military power japan moved power defeating china war knowing dates events correct order important remembering proper order help understand event influenced ways remember correct order events line line starts ends events read took place read statements follow space left statement place letter represents stands period event took place japan defeated china war japanese government closed japan visitors countries commodore matthew perry united states visited japan put number correct
japan powerful countries solve problem japan needed natural resources materials island nation japan look countries resources needed japan looked nearby china countries war china defeated japan pay japan million dollars money buy resources nations realized japan gaining power later japan war turned russia war called russo japanese war end war japan received land russia war ended japan winning side result japan number islands belonged germany losers war population japan grew rapidly million crowded small islands japan japan looked countries provide natural resources japanese soldiers invaded manchuria part northern china japanese took control area renamed manchukuo japan finished expanding attacked areas china united states tried stop expansion japan united states refused sell scrap iron oil japan believed japan materials prepare future wars japan angry united states december japanese attacked american naval base pearl harbor hawaiian islands beginning war ii japan united states countries fought hard united states dropped atomic bombs japan soon afterward japan gave
important book social studies class textbook information subjects topics give information subject need look special books find detailed information special books called reference books important reference books encyclopedias dictionaries almanacs atlases reference books found area library marked reference demand allowed reference books library reference books deal information topics read pick information need let suppose reading wall china social studies class want wall textbook tells reference book find information choice encyclopedia detailed information subject subjects encyclopedia arranged alphabetical order encyclopedia information divided books volumes book begins subjects starting letter articles beginning letters divided volumes letter printed end volume
ho chi minh leader vietnamese independence movement president democratic republic vietnam north vietnam leading struggle colonialism indochina ho influential communist leaders ho chi minh born province north vietnam part french indochina opposed french rule country young left indochina eventually france socialist helped found french communist party ho declared belief importance revolutionary role oppressed peasants communist leaders stressed participation industrial workers revolutionary activity ho return indochina important figure communism ho presided founding indochinese communist party hong kong organized league independence vietnam called viet minh adopted ho chi minh meaning war ii japanese captured indochina french japan defeated allies ho returned home fight restoration french rule hanoi colonial capital proclaimed vietnam independent september french returned vietnam october communists defeat vietnam settlement war ho government control northern part country
earlier chapters studied number important social studies skills stop think taking test kind skill social studies skill improve ability answer questions test chapter learn study test test start studying days test night idea read material tested times read times review chance remembering study television set radio try study quiet place find study sitting chair lying bed sofa comfortable chair studying fall asleep important material study notes took class notes clear complete need read parts textbook teacher review lesson test pay close attention information help remember learned class sure notes review lesson teacher important topics knows test
town thousands united states want town find map map show names towns suppose want trip town road map find roads drive suppose move town city easier find school map town city maps globes help find show symbols cities located map symbols show rivers flow mountains forests lakes located symbols map reading lines symbols globe countries nearby maps globes give information books imagine high sky looking moon entire earth move closer earth bigger closer roads rivers houses cities closer earth details looking globe looking earth space globe shows picture earth oceans continents details shown flat map piece cut globe mapmakers kinds flat maps shows parts earth maps show continents states show country maps show mountains rivers valleys hills
globe maps close earth globes globe large show details big carry globe study sizes shapes countries globe truer flat map flat map easier put details lines maps tell direction location lines run north pole south pole meridians north south poles mark line earth turns rotates line called earth axis parallels drawn map direction earth turns parallels cross meridians meridians parallels map globe network lines network called grid grid locate places start equator parallel halfway north south poles start meridian countries agreed meridian starting place meridian runs north pole greenwich england south pole called prime meridian line going earth circle part line goes equator poles fourth entire line earth north pole south pole fourth distance earth equator equator fourth measuring north south earth begins equator equator
idea reading picture strange united states air force aerial photographs tell happening ground look picture fields houses barns say farmers houses neat fields carefully plowed planted house trees owner houses located main house belong farm workers note paved roads telephone wires tell farm trees tell climate photo tells things area look graphs page show average monthly temperatures cities helena montana united states georgetown guyana equator south america note months left side graphs temperatures bottom graphs look month june helena temperature line ends line means average temperature june helena montana coldest month helena warmest look chart georgetown guyana temperature bars length city equator warm temperature chart lists information makes easy read chart include picture map chart page shows books library library list books
map picture surface earth picture looks real thing smaller size scaled draw map school grounds inch map equal feet school ground called drawing scale kinds map scales stated scale words inch equals feet representative fraction means inch map equal inches earth graphic scale scale line drawn map distances marked line miles kilometers map small scale large scale small scale map show detail large scale map show lot detail map column large scale map scale inch half mile streets river railroad school map drawing small scale map royal county located scale map inch equals miles details city drawing map royal county located map inch equal miles dot map royal county small imagine look map scale chosen fit purpose map large scale map shows small area large size
countries census census count census count things radios cars census ask births deaths jobs housing schools united states takes census ten collected facts number family united states bureau census job population census ten ending bureau census housing agriculture manufacturing business transportation government bureau ways getting facts census census census takers house house asking questions census took place families form filled mailed bureau reached mail visited mistakes form visited questions census asked size family ages related brothers daughters aunts census family longer form form learn americans live questions questions bathrooms house television set government information bureau census stores computers information printed personal records secret
planets earth round spherical perfect sphere diameter north south pole miles diameter equator rotation earth flattens poles general diameter earth miles circumference distance equator miles height mountains depth oceans reason earth perfect sphere himalaya mountains north india mount everest reaches feet sea level highest point earth philippine islands western pacific ocean bottom lies feet sea level lowest point earth sure earth sphere signs look things ship sails slowly disappears nears top masts shows water surface ship curved curve directions sail fly direction return place distance matter direction photos earth moon show clearly earth sphere earth kinds movements rotates axis axis imaginary line north south pole earth revolves orbit sun read rotating miles hour
living things grow reproduce plants reproduce making seeds animals reproduce baby animals living things need food water living things need light air put living things big groups nearly living thing plant animal living things tell plants animals green plants food food leaves need sunlight air water soil food leaves food food goes parts plant stored plants store food roots stems fruits seeds things plants need food write names lines animals food food bodies plants animals eat food plants animals eat plants parts plants food pictures living things write word plant food write word animal food animals eat plants animals eat animals animals eat plants animals animals food plants pictures show true
birds nests trees bushes rabbits birds live hide plants cows sheep horses rest shade trees bushes hot sunny days mouse lines home grass leaves plants homes wood comes trees cut trees boards build houses boards build houses animals picture find ways plants help give animals shelter wear clothes plants cotton plants grow seeds covered fine threads seed pods called bolls threads called fibers cotton fibers pulled seeds machine called cotton gin fibers cloth plant stems cloth stems flax plant give linen threads fibers stems thread rope burlap sacks things fibers jute hemp sisal plants plants give animals food plants give animals shelter plants give clothes plants help animals ways write correct word picture words plants help animals ways animals help plants walk fields woods summer find burrs sticking clothes burrs plant seeds carried plant pull seeds drop ground helped seeds find places grow carried seeds plant clothes helped plant scatter seeds
insect net sew square yard cheesecloth cone shaped bag shape wire coat hanger circle sew open end cheesecloth bag circle straighten hook hanger tape wire pole stick insect cage cardboard shoe box punch tiny holes lid box help insects air sure lid tight cut hole side cover hole piece clear plastic glue plastic cardboard bottle cap hold water insect drink glass jars insect cages punch tiny air holes lids look insects start collection praying mantis feed flies insects cricket feed lettuce bits bread soaked water put inch soil bottom cage bottle cap filled water cage caterpillar feed leaves kind plant found feeding stops eating spin cocoon body insect net collect insects look insects bushes weeds tall grass hold net plant open part shake plant tap stick jar scoop insects drop net put lid quickly touch insects bite sting kinds animals look pictures animals page
young woman put pen leaned chair stretch calendar tidy desk read november draped windows city streets quiet usual writing late night listened minutes night sounds ticking hall clock brittle tapping stiff branches cold polished windows house asleep knew ask bed emma lazarus glanced written frowned clear wondered read poem understand trying say mind turned began ago couldn remember asked join committee visiting ward island york harbor emma known ward island place immigrants countries entered america poor need help emma agreed committee wealthy young women expected things visit poor sick needy help committee families friends donate food clothing committee plan social event raise funds help emma agreed join committee curious heard unfortunate driven homes lands knew forced flee lives look feel homeland
classmate stopped betty marie tallchief hall beverly hills high school telephone mother class hurriedly ask home game tennis stay supper betty marie piano practice finished wish betty marie ballet class lasts hours tried voice sound sorry ballet highlight heavens girl cried enjoy hard love betty marie voice full excited ballet class madame nijinska heard sister famous russian dancer dead famous anna pavlova madame marvelous teacher known choreographer choreographer designs dances ballet russe de monte carlo bell friend quickly betty marie walked slowly friend wasn interested obvious didn matter betty marie lived strange friends real exciting nijinska hollywood open studio event belcher betty marie teacher mrs tallchief daughters feel shouldn longer nijinska nijinska watched betty marie younger sister marjorie perform
felix looked sammy hong standing leaning scooter collar tag sammy means belongs find owner felix give dog felix playground sat bench boys saw dog began teasing threw balls dog catch threw sticks tried dog bring sticks dog running circles barking loudly dog yelping felix knew unhappy picked gate starting home carried apartment mother let dog apartment father say approve pet city dog ran flights stairs felix called top door stood open mei gwen bring soap powder asked mother waiting hours forgot felix found dog look nice dog found dog cried want dog course dog felix suppose belongs hearing voices mother susie front room mother asked soap powder maybe needed felix explain susie put arms dog neck dog stood patted head
peaceful ossip village afternoon napping sharpening spears hunt preparing food evening meal children playing happily dogs quiet tranquil scene ossip screaming terror quickly prepare fight killed cried monster coming ran chief house monster coming cried bigger village horns growing mouth kill chief ran house stood ossip bravest calmest hunter village ossip look brave calm looked terrified ossip friend asked chief monster seen chasing hurry prepare fight ossip cried village going hunters spears ready monster appeared looked frightened children crying chief put arm ossip knew cases loneliness cold plains driven crazy hunters brave ossip lost minds wild lands north hoped happened friend spoke gently ossip believe monster hunters strange things plains think happened ossip looked chief disbelief think crazy shouted
week dragged rocky hill emma jane stared roiling waters moodily traced pattern finger star neck water low gentle slope side easy cattle licked flood measured distance eye fingers drummed saddle pommel studied turbulent river ferry going making dent backed traffic swim herd horse reined saddle sat bright red beard hair match gave low whistle red big swimming emma jane snapped ends reins open hand past week rains river keeping full guess pushed hat studied sky tonight emma jane snapped leather ends reins hard reddened hand didn notice newcomer rubbed red beard sucked speculatively lips full worse restless snapping reins stopped emma jane look focused squarely horse aiming swim herd mister yep hundred critters coming trail hour emma jane didn wait think re aiming cross mister let crowd herd eighty longhorns sure traveling herd bushy red eyebrows lifted surprise yes sir family going illinois
lions move heat prefer sit shade gaze sleepy eyes let car close disturbed yellow eyes look wonder lions think animals lions giraffes feed trees road guide tells stop reach freeze stare slowly relax move closer look africa antelopes hardest animals close range falls river known crocodiles large groups lie shore falls glide water guide directs east herons storks flamingos colorful birds huge number elephants herd crossing river tightly protection elephants herd guard baby elephants middle elephants care strongly animals water vital dry country animals river drink sullen rhinoceros appears perch free pests water buffalo graze sight river dangerous creatures left places river grows pool surprised hippos rise surface open huge mouths yawns
stopped think goes preparing television show thought interesting find station wgbh boston program zoom taped week chose zoom material show written entirely youngsters watch programs young television popular zoom written young viewers television shows zoom started idea chris sarson worked television wanted give young chance show took planning zoom program air january zoom viewed television stations country television shows script writers write material script writers zoom show viewers supply material zoom musical production numbers prepared musical director choreographer letters arrive zoom mailroom youngsters country send riddles games plays recipes experiments stories presented show fan letters received mailroom staff volunteers reads letter decides material presented show producer director editors zoom read material mailroom decide things youngsters perform zoom week called zoomers
let pretend visit twenty century visit boy named peter smith awakened morning feeling mrs smith peter mother wants doctor peter idea doctor listen peter mrs smith brings set wires peter bedside wires called sensors places sensor mouth chest puts wrist forehead plugs sensors wall outlet says code tcp means telephone call light flashes wall smith wireless telephone ready accept call mrs smith says doctor phone number speaker wall doctor voice says morning morning dr cooper answers mrs smith peter feeling morning hooked sensors wonder examine sure doctor voice says speaker fever pulse rate fine breathe deeply peter peter breathes deeply congestion chest announces doctor cold stay inside today easy thank doctor says mrs smith tcc telephone call complete light wall turns phone call examination finished peter says mrs smith stay home don shop pick bicycle birthday weeks peter answers shop bicycle peter mother father sit front visionphones
mitchell known astronomer island nantucket nantucket whaling community sailors mitchell advice mitchell helped sailors plot routes stars adjust timepieces according stars maria eleven interested astronomy loved look father telescope talk stars planets mitchell voice broke silence living room maria maria quickly show maria jumped chair grabbed coat hood whale oil lamp didn look raced stairs led roof house winter night cold windy waves pounded shores mitchell house whaling ships harbor groaned rocked tall masts sea maria think things roof telescope perched quickly father look look polaris maria moved telescope slightly sighted north star looked fuzzy ball light view maria glowing tail comet father believe eyes re astronomer mitchell laughed proud maria comet
lummox bored hungry hungry normal lummox creatures ready snack full meal bored usual lummox bored chum closest friend john thomas stuart xi lummox lumbered backyard stuart home looking grasshopper robin worth looking watched hill ants half hour growing tired ants lummox moved house number foot ant hill crushed lummox notice piled shed bales hay lummox pulled small amount bale chewed bite want john stuart notice john stuart found refuse scratch lummox garden rake lummox supposed touch food inside shed lummox want hay hay supper night tonight tomorrow night lummox wanted body interesting flavor moved low fence fence separated acres backyard mrs stuart garden lummox stuck head fence looked mrs stuart roses fence marked line cross crossed earlier sampled rose bushes mrs stuart fuss lummox hated think lummox remembered rose bushes belong mrs stuart
saturday mariko ten takes lesson play koto japanese harp mariko japanese live japan lives york parents mariko studying koto teacher master koto learned play instrument native japan koto beautiful wooden instrument feet ten inches wide curved slightly upward japanese bridge mariko plucks thirteen strings pieces ivory called tsume fitted tips middle fingers hand leather bands left hand presses strings sound higher lower plays koto mariko tune string ivory plastic piece shaped upside called ji mariko moves ji string bring proper pitch strings strands tightly twisted white silk nylon lasts longer mariko sits floor practice koto traditional played japan recitals sits chair small stands support end koto kotos expensive musical instruments costs fine piano united states japanese playing koto thousand knows invented similar instruments china korea centuries played members imperial court japan buddhist priests
medicine led nampeyo pile pottery tools lifted turn blowing dust spoons dried gourds colored pebbles polishing paint brushes soap weed round molds stones left ancient firing kiln pointed stone tools drawing designs surface soft clay generations pottery molded decorated slowly peace family tools precious gourd spoons blessed hopi priests look fingers nampeyo small child dig colored clays shape bowls katchina knows doll remembers feeling clay mold yellow bowl beauty nodded head agreed finished home duties bring katchina rock steps shrine collect sift colored clay yellow red white build kiln look sky earth birds animals designs potter nampeyo girl held hand thanks watched started climb house inside lay katchina held doll close soon fast asleep spring summer nampeyo spent free medicine young wondered interest priest strange
green river celebration miller stewart started home arrived st louis mid october miller baggage bulged hundred sketches watercolors knew works fortune realized talented trained artists visited american west painted scenes seldom seen easterners convinced art collectors jump chance buy put set pictures employer captain stewart later copies watercolors oils sell miller exhibited york baltimore critic felt nature unnecessarily today agree miller liked grand style painting nature loved vivid colors play sunlight prairie grass mountains liked miller making viewer feel strong emotions inspired magnificent scenery success america miller scotland stewart asked captain sir william stewart inherited family castle estates miller stayed castle nobility england scotland flocked admire beautifully bound portfolio watercolors sketches view drawing room stewart miller envied admired lived exciting adventures braved dangers seen unusual sights stories told fascinated listeners
ago knew delightful lady seventy mrs virginia reed murphy knew warm friendship tall slender neat shadow clear blue grey eyes acquainted learned member group pioneers stranded months sierra nevada mountains memory dreadful winter fully left virginia reed twelve family started illinois california mrs reed health virginia oldest children martha patty james thomas number neighbors joined trip slow endless miles covered wagons added company wagon train start spring mountains reached autumn trouble loomed ahead bridger fort southwest wyoming company divided eighty including reeds took shortcut shorten trip trouble left travelers winter hardships finally group snowed lake later known heaviest record months travelers stranded suffered extreme cold hunger starved virginia family survived terrible experience reached california gradually regained strength morning virginia sat write letter cousin mary illinois letter attempted loved
inside grandma brown cabin excited girls getting white dresses declare don look field flowers beamed grandma proudly adjusted gathers smoothed shoulders fluffed sleeves grandma decided ready public viewing straight boarding school ordered opening door stand porch order singing master taught don forget sing worse able hear words song girls white dresses joined white boys crossed yard building saw coming conversation broke turned smile pupils theresa noticed girl patched gray dress girl pulled arm bearded pa white dress start school high pitched voice rose mumbled admiration crowd likely emaline shook head gold diggings buy dresses wear jane walking ahead stopped count white dress wasn material left jane softened blow adding tell grandma brown sets mind crowd young blocking entrance boarding school fell formed aisle students arrived theresa jane aisle began nervous thinking song pupils going sing
kate sees red things kate calls red things red things red things red things hat red things house kate says ben bird ben sits hat sits house ben sits calls birds kate calls ben kate sees ben bird kate calls look ben ben bird red call ben ben jumps jumps kate red ted likes paint ted calls paints house paint says don paint ben paints ben paints house paint big house paint house calls nan ted says paint house don house house says nan ted says paint house birds paint says house paint paint things paint things dogs paint says ted ted says don paint big things paint things paint house dogs birds paint
waters canada crow river glistened summer sun american indian named peter lord paused admire beauty landscape exploring river bank days hoping learn americans suddenly finely carved bone caught eye reached pick lord opened chapter american history experts searching answer important question wondered lived north south america simply thousand group scientists research mexico uncovered carefully shaped stone spear points pushed date lord discovery doubled estimate lord suspected bone tool human hands age astonishing meant americans lord ancestors camped crow river questions course remained exactly arrived earlier chapter learn answers questions read lived europe thousand ago finally discover peoples continents meet read mind questions known early peoples americas
early spain thriving colonies americas spain peru spain read included spanish territory north panama peru panama spanish territory south america venezuela imagine decided firsthand look spanish america board ship spain head port city veracruz travel overland mexico city capital spain mexico city greatly impressed wagons rumble paved streets students hurry universities built americas merchants sell copies local newspaper hear sound bells ringing magnificent cathedral cathedral stands beautiful palace home highest government official spain soon discover interesting facts government spanish america spain king controls government help makes important decisions spanish nobles voice decisions common king learn set kind government spanish america difference spain peru spain king rule directly king chosen viceroy govern colony prefix vice describes acts place roy comes spanish word king
colony james river harbor plymouth england waited begin journey atlantic unlike settlers jamestown hope find gold adventure sought freedom worship god wished leave england find religious freedom early europe members roman catholic church headed pope rome german religious scholar named martin luther argued church needed reforms agreed luther protest church known protestants king henry viii broke roman catholic church personal political reasons head church england church later called church england anglican church king queen head church england head government belong church england pay taxes help support government allow join church english liked church england group wanted change religious practices called puritans wanted purify church group wanted separate church england set protestant churches called separatists separatists small group lived english village scrooby
late february clark soldiers arrived vincennes took british surprise captured colonel hamilton troops military power british western region ended end british land forces stopped areas sea british supreme south british important advantage loyalists lived region british decided try end war combined sea land attack southern colonies late british captured savannah georgia seized charleston south carolina army led general charles cornwallis moved inland headed north map page american army general greene south washington stop british greene troups forced retreat late general army weakened force special duty force defeated captured frontier militia kings mountain border north south carolina early british force defeated patriots south carolina general greene stop northward advance british met guilford court house north carolina actually general cornwallis won battle losses heavy fall wilmington north carolina spring cornwallis decided march north wilmington virginia met small american forces led general von marquis de lafayette
articles confederation helped states nation read congress authority articles draw workable plan western territories national central government set articles successful things tried basic difficulty soon clear articles created strong central government congress power solve nation pressing problems united states debts revolutionary soldiers paid months nation owed large sums money france netherlands articles confederation states supposed help congress meet expenses government congress asked states money states simply refused congress force pay articles give congress power collect taxes directly citizens united states result nation debts remained unpaid mid americans faced hard times farmers england suffered especially lost farms pay taxes western massachusetts farmers demanded help legislature refused daniel shays veteran revolutionary war led farmers rebellion shays followers seized courthouses massachusetts stopped courts taking farmers property early shays tried seize united states arsenal springfield weapons farmers
hamilton part program greatly strengthened financial affairs united states government president washington firm leadership won greater respect government united states progressed home events taking place soon involve nation problems europe weeks washington inauguration revolution broke france france elected legislature speak french king held power laws directed officials carry agents collected taxes anger french king queen growing french france peasants workers lived poverty french king spent tax money family royal court french suffered greatly harsh dishonest government americans rebelled britain king george iii understand french desire government young marquis de lafayette returned france american revolution took copy declaration independence copy declaration large frame half left empty empty half hoped hang french declaration independence wait july uproar paris french capital crowds angry ran streets marched prison called bastille french huge fortress symbolized royal tyranny french kings imprisoned trial angry mob beat doors bastille set prisoners free
nation government andrew jackson soon lead changing rapidly earlier july united states celebrated fiftieth birthday birthdays americans paused look achieved past americans reason proud nation larger northwest territory southwest carved wilderness settled eleven states brought union nation leaders unsure political ability average citizen ways constitutions original states democratic stated vote owned property women indians slaves vote free blacks vote greatly limited early free blacks allowed vote tennessee north carolina lost northern states permitted blacks vote states small black populations york free blacks vote lived owned property considerable democracy early united states limited vote limited american democracy developed nations settlers frontier believed ability average person small scattered frontier communities person important sharp differences property
passing slavery deeply rooted united states northerners southerners tried avoid talking subject angry debate admission missouri pages successful wanted risk breaking union issue slavery americans southerners northerners believed hearts slavery wrong troubled slavery continued protection constitution united states truly free slavery existed antislavery leaders thought solution problem slavery wanted free slaves send africa leaders formed american colonization society plan set african colony slaves settle leaders american colonization society thought plan help blacks free free blacks found united states matter lived free blacks enjoy full freedom equality read suffered racial prejudice reason antislavery leaders believed free blacks want move africa leaders american colonization society asked support president james monroe monroe agreed help asked congress money buy land africa congress voted provide funds strip territory purchased west coast africa land named liberia land free
texans voted ratify constitution voted join union read americans supported idea annexing joining texas united states texas valuable resources benefit united states president texas sam houston favored annexation houston friend american president andrew jackson united states government wait taking action reasons help explain delay slavery half states union free states half slave states admit slave argued northern leaders give south unfair advantage congress reason delay fear annexation lead war mexico recall refused recognize texas independent nation mexico texas mexican territory lost moment mexicans hoped win texas someday mexico announced consider annexation texas act war ten american discussed nation annex texas question raised congress important issue presidential election democratic party chose james polk candidate polk knew americans wanted annex texas risk war believed manifest destiny felt clear fate united states expand pacific
reservation appeal indians longer trusted whites number cases valuable indian land simply settlers gold seekers wanted land set treaty part reservation indians decided fight rights decision brought indian wars indian wars began civil war progress continued general lee surrendered appomattox indians fought bravery fighting hold lands traditional ways struggle plains indians remarkable leaders black kettle important cheyenne chief lived colorado territory black kettle believed cheyenne peace war knew run indians match settlers wishing peace moved village fall place called sand creek village american fort commander fort promised black kettle protection unfortunately order post united states military forces colorado territory commanded colonel chivington chivington wanted destroy indians peace night late november colonel quietly led large force sand creek daybreak surprised cheyenne village killed black kettle younger warriors escaped
united states celebrated hundredth birthday centennial holding fair city philadelphia months preparations underway international centennial exposition opening set president grant brought guests emperor empress brazil million visitors philadelphia fair saw marvels admired large building called machinery hall displayed inventions revolutionizing american clear united states leading industrial power factors responsible changing united states industrial nation important factors america abundance natural resources early settlers drawn america thick forests fertile fields ample supplies water resources needed build nation farms america resources essential modern industry beneath earth surface vast pools oil waited discovered rich deposits gold silver copper coal lay mountains huge reserves iron ore americans learned harness power resources nation enter age growth industry united states began arrival industrial revolution late recall inventors samuel slater eli whitney began building machinery machinery iron
united states part rural nation majority americans lived farms small country villages industry developed americans rapidly urban number city dwellers united states jumped roughly million million reasons rapid growth cities late development railroad railroads link nation mining manufacturing centers jobs centers cities began spring cities developed points railroads crossed railroad companies built yards repairing trains handling freight transportation centers provided ideal locations factories raw materials finished products easily transported factories train number factory railroad workers grew cities encouraging rise cities railroads helped older cities grow true ports york baltimore philadelphia norfolk points american goods shipped overseas trade important nation economy port cities increased size population inland cities major water routes grew railroads routed chicago southern end lake michigan city lay edge important shipping lane east
united states helped nations recover war ii faced challenges home including president truman worried end war mean depression prevent economic slowdown truman wanted nation quickly called fast conversion wartime peacetime activities war congress took steps help millions returning soldiers congress passed bill rights law government guaranteed loans veterans wanted buy houses start businesses gave money attend college soldiers home women war related industries thrown managed jobs found women percent nation labor force figure grew steadily war recall government controlled prices regulated wages called end wage price controls fearing bring inflation truman resisted finally gave public pressure ended controls inflation quickly prices climbed sharply americans continued buy war civilians soldiers saved money rationing spending factories catch consumer demand items fell short supply workers industries began call wage increases
aid republic china soviet union north vietnamese communist leader ho chi minh stepped efforts gain control south vietnam supplying weapons guerrillas inside south vietnam guerrillas known vietcong gradually government south vietnam weaker harsh policies lost support south vietnamese early believed american aid south vietnam fall communist hands president kennedy faced hard decision american wanted avoid large scale war asia increase number military advisers american military aid flowed south vietnam faster rate read later united states eventually drawn war vietnam continuing challenges abroad kennedy wanted sure united states took lead space exploration soviets recall edge kennedy called congress swift approval project apollo goal project land american moon end congress approved kennedy request soon began launching site cape canaveral florida plans mission control center houston texas opposed spending money exploring space believed money spent relieve poverty home american scientists engineers set achieve goal feb american john glenn orbit earth
saw united states makeup population altered immigrants arrived population grew older data census showed portrait changing nation experts predicted future high fuel prices sped greatest migrations united states history americans tens thousands packed headed band warm sunny states running roughly southeast southwest growing number businesses number headquarters giant corporations increased percent lure lower energy costs lower taxes fewer regulations businesses census revealed center population crossed mississippi americans lived west east northern cities york chicago boston showed sharp drops population cities san antonio houston phoenix boomed states gained political power expense states north census states won additional representatives congress votes presidential elections voters helped elect ronald reagan office development graying america average age population rising number americans larger number smaller
american dream hopes promises possibilities meaning free nation help protect precious heritage freedom american dream true accept responsibility citizens members nation mean citizen textbook answer question begin explore citizen united states means chapter study topics civics study subject school civics questions asking begin civics course subjects school teach american priceless rights enjoy american civics course begin explain citizen united states help precious heritage alive civics study means american citizen word civics comes latin civitas meaning citizen meaning word changed greatly ancient romans hundreds ago small group wealthy owned property roman citizens today citizen nation rights responsibilities citizen changed differ nation nation depend kind government nation
large groups lived found government early forms government strongest person leader person help defend enemies food scarce hunter leader hunter help food supply matters move land group oldest wisest leaders decision earliest lessons learned cooperation easier hunt kill large animal food group worked protected enemies united simplest form government helped safer easier pleasant government grown complex basic purposes remained ways live enables large group things person group things difficult expensive person happen family community educate children parents teach able teach teach subjects forgotten studied school establishing schools government makes children receive education
dissolved representative houses repeatedly opposing manly firmness invasions rights refused dissolutions elected legislative powers incapable annihilation returned large exercise remaining mean exposed dangers invasions convulsions endeavored prevent population states purpose obstructing laws naturalization foreigners refusing pass encourage migration raising conditions appropriation lands obstructed administration justice refusing assent laws establishing judiciary powers erected multitude offices swarms officers harass eat substance times peace standing armies consent legislatures affected render military independent superior civil power combined subject jurisdiction foreign constitutions laws giving assent acts pretended legislation quartering large bodies armed troops protecting mock trial punishment murders commit inhabitants states cutting trade parts imposing taxes consent depriving cases benefits trial jury
vice president succeed presidency john tyler president president william harrison died vice presidents succeeded presidency fact vice presidents succeeded presidency vice president holds important position recent presidents vice presidents responsibilities vice presidents fully informed prepared important job vice president meet constitutional qualifications president vice president serves term receives salary official expenses vice presidential candidates chosen ability help presidential candidates win election increasingly political parties chosen vice presidential nominees fully qualified experience succeed presidency presidents united states died office president resigned case vice president took oath office president provided constitution happen president vice president die office constitution gave congress decide fill office president known order presidential succession according law passed congress speaker house representatives president regularly elected president vice president die removed office speaker dies removed office president pro senate succeeds presidency
unique feature supreme court power judicial review means court determine law passed congress presidential action accord constitution supreme court decides law conflict constitution law declared unconstitutional law longer force constitution say supreme court power judicial review power established court john marshall chief justice marshall laid foundations supreme court power chief justice john marshall established basic principles american law marshall stated idea judicial review case marbury madison case involved william marbury promised appointment justice peace secretary james madison marbury claimed judiciary act gave supreme court power order secretary madison give promised appointment famous opinion chief justice marshall found judiciary act conflict constitution act gave supreme court powers granted constitution constitution supreme law land act passed congress unconstitutional chief justice marshall supreme court established principle laws passed legislatures set conflict constitution important principle established marshall supreme court power reverse decisions courts
states senators elected terms representatives states senators representatives elected terms states serve senators serve nebraska house legislature elected terms states members legislature run reelection serve number terms legislatures half states meet regular sessions legislatures meet california session meets entire period states session days months governor legislature call special sessions meet emergencies beginning session presiding officer leaders chosen committees appointed states lieutenant governor presides senate states senate chooses presiding officer members lower house states choose presiding officer called speaker united states congress legislatures committees upper house committee members chosen presiding officer members house lower house speaker appoints committee members lawmaking process legislatures similar procedure congress step studied making federal laws chapter legislatures
interest groups primarily concerned electing candidates office support candidate main interest influencing government policies interest groups existence nation history favoring constitution organized approval civil war opposed slavery organized demand outlawed kinds interest groups include business associations labor unions farm organizations senior citizens groups veterans organizations teachers associations consumer groups religious groups works promote interests members organizations views issues interest groups represent economic interests members include groups national association manufacturers united mine workers american farm bureau members economic interest groups seek influence government policies affect american farm bureau federation organization farmers ranchers works bills passed aid members block passage bills favor group interests interest groups consist concerns issue oriented focus attention specific issue national association advancement colored works promote racial equality goal big interest group york city reduce city noise level groups seek promote interests general public part called public interest groups
important jobs governments united states manage public money wisely federal local governments collect spend billions dollars governments set separate divisions handle public funds addition governments checks public funds spent governments department collects taxes federal government income taxes collected internal revenue service irs irs agency department treasury branches nation tariffs imports collected customs service division department treasury local governments tax collection bureaus tax money collected treasuries governments tax funds federal government handled treasurer united states treasurer job federal tax money safe paid authorized secretary treasury secretary spend money authorized congress local governments official acts watchdog treasury comptroller job similar treasurer united states local officials job seeing public funds spent authorized legislature city council governments budgets budget plan raising spending funds
main purposes education help learn think dictionary tells think form ideas mind sounds simple form ideas think mainly facts faced problem thinking consider facts consider solutions decide solution obtain facts thinking learn act think pass information show emotion learned learn ways learning result kind experience things happened past simplest kind learning result experience involves motor nerves nerves control muscles person touches hot stove pull hand pain person avoid hot stoves suppose person reaching stove hot sharp tone future hot stove person draw hand says hot kind learning called conditioning behavior act conditioned learn things expect rewarded gain satisfaction children wash hands meals expect praise hug continue behave desired rewarded occasionally behavior repeated habit action performed automatically
recall weaknesses nation articles confederation lack standard currency constitution solved weakness granting congress sole coin money regulating thereof mint special plant coins established philadelphia mint denver assay office manufactures coins san francisco coins called hard money hard metal united states coins pennies nickels dimes quarters half dollars coins parts dollar dollar coins coin decided amount metal contained silver dollar yielded dollar worth silver melted past americans accept hard money thought valuable reliable paper money today percent total money supply coins coins mainly small purchases making change gold silver today coins coins alloy mixture percent copper percent nickel americans accept coins gold silver accept faith united states government coins accepted legal tender presented stores banks government supply gold silver bullion bars
meet problems trouble period called depression president franklin roosevelt recommended laws congress passed laws called deal laws brought assistance needy laws looking future offered protection individual americans severe economic risks hardships government programs meant protect individuals future hardship called social insurance forms insurance compulsory required nearly nation receive benefits important program social insurance adopted congress president roosevelt social security act act set insurance system called social security major parts age survivors insurance unemployment insurance basic idea age survivors insurance simple pay percentage salary month order cash benefits need workers earn money employers contributions fund fund called social security trust fund workers retire disabled earnings stop receive payments fund live workers die reaching retirement age families receive payments social security trust fund payment child family age widow widower payments children stop reach age
apprentices learned craft receive certificate completion apprenticeship gaining job experience master craft workers receive highest wages trade craft labor union number admitted crafts limited union rules needs industry supply trained workers craft workers plumbers electricians pass examinations receive licenses order practice crafts future holds opportunities young hands heads skilled crafts past craft jobs held entirely women begun enter trades operate machines equipment factories mills industrial plants gas stations mines laundries called operatives factory workers inspect assemble pack goods included group drivers trucks buses operatives operatives training job require periods training repeat task times qualities employers look dependability health manual skill job require periods training mean handle truck driver gains skill skill comes practice judgment physical condition operatives face uncertain future percentage machine operators american industry declined factories automated
national forest service established supervise vast areas forest land help conserve timber later laws passed limit amount oil minerals ground laws governing grazing practices helped stop destruction grasslands united states department agriculture governments encouraged helped farmers soil conservation methods president franklin roosevelt read program soil banks established land set improved renewed dams built irrigate farmlands control floods dams provide electricity furnish recreation areas efforts stop waste pollution concerned citizens began point environmental crisis hand misuse resources today firm conservation measures needed congress passed number laws reduce pollution restore environment significant acts act called environmental bill rights set council environmental quality advise president oversee nation pollution controls result advice body stricter laws passed regulating pesticides oil spills ocean dumping act federal agency publish environmental impact statement document describe expected effects environment project undertaken federal aid clean air act passed amended strengthened times
holidays special occasions marked celebrations vacations school religious holidays celebrated faiths christians celebrate christmas marking birth christ jews celebrate marking beginning jewish legal holidays banks schools government business offices closed national holidays commemorate remind special event nation past strictly speaking united states official national holidays states federal government determine days celebrated federal government influences designating days observed washington federal employees january christmas december legal holidays observed united states act congress established newest federal holiday birthday dr martin luther king jr dr king began civil rights movement working end discrimination black americans dr king led peaceful protest marches cities nation partly dr king efforts congress passed civil rights act dr king brilliant career cut short assassinated april dr king death called national holiday recognize holiday official february think george washington birthday actually born february according calendar birth celebration birthday changed monday february states observe president
officials seals engraved stamps guarantees documents authentic kings wore signet seal rings seal united states adopted nation today department important kinds documents treaties face seal seal official documents sides seal bill face seal shows american bald eagle raised wings breast shield alternate red white stripes representing original states eagle claw olive branch leaves olives left claw arrows symbols nation wish live peace ability wage war eagle beak ribbon words latin phrase means states nation eagle head stars surrounded rays light breaking cloud reverse side seal shows pyramid layers stone representing nation base pyramid date roman numerals signing declaration independence pyramid guarded eye surrounded rays light latin words meaning god favored undertaking phrase means order ages
dictatorships attempt disguise true character democratic front constitution presidential parliamentary structure courts appearance law political parties elections democratic front lies power limits government restraint dictatorships vary degree control manner power exercised dictatorships mild exercise power called benevolent disposed harsh oppressive benevolent dictatorship dictatorship unlimited power dangerous greeks recognized ago wise king corrupted turned kind cruel ruler called tyrant dictatorships wide variety ways radical seek promote change reactionary seek prevent change dictatorships run military run civilians distinguish kinds dictatorships according scope power authoritarian dictatorships limited power seek political control leave totalitarian dictatorships unlimited power seek exercise control aspect political economic social religious cultural personal dictatorships authoritarian power concentrated hands person elite exercised top authoritarian government seeks control political behavior citizens
according form government types colonies royal proprietary charter beginning revolutionary war royal colonies virginia massachusetts hampshire york jersey north carolina south carolina georgia royal colony governor council appointed english monarch assembly elected voters governor ruled colony according orders crown powerful lower house provided place colonists air grievances dissent led revolutionary war arose popular assemblies royal colonies proprietary colonies maryland pennsylvania delaware colonies proprietor individual monarch grant land appointed governor authorized legislature proprietor established courts created local governments charter colonies connecticut rhode island colonies government charter granted crown established limited representative government colony elected governor council assembly governor veto power assembly acts suffrage limited american colonies white adult male citizens owned property vote women indentured servants slaves poor land considered basic property possessions substituted colonies limited voting rights members church groups royal colonies voters members church england called anglican church
articles confederation power concentrated legislature power divided shared separate branches government framers believed weaknesses confederation arose part lack executive authority leadership provide unity direction national policy addition framers feared abuse legislative authority check legislative power framers created strong independent executive constitutional system executive office presidency assumes central position national institution responsible executive branch abuse power executive power subject check legislative judicial branches separation powers branch prevent abusing power exceeding authority branch government ultimately responsible controlled government officials abuse authority periodic elections enable throw rascals madison recognized primary control goverment nonetheless pointed need additional precautions system checks balances federalist madison wrote security gradual concentration powers department consists giving administer department constitutional means personal motives resist legislative executive judicial powers government completely separated sharply divided branches effective government impossible constitution branch government share powers system checks balances
tragically term president kennedy proposed comprehensive civil rights legislation unable overcome southern opposition senate days kennedy assassination president lyndon johnson congress urged passage civil rights bill highest priority months intense debate support democrats republicans civil rights act signed law act based power congress regulate interstate commerce act outlawed racial discrimination public accommodations affecting interstate commerce included hotels restaurants theaters discrimination employers labor unions prohibited attorney general enforce laws court action addition federal funds withheld public private program practiced discrimination legislation soon civil rights act extended federal criminal laws dealing violation person civil rights fair housing provision act prohibited discrimination sale rental basis race religion national origin eighty percent private housing covered law supreme court ruled jones mayer racial discrimination sale rental property unconstitutional discrimination relic slavery expressly forbidden thirteenth amendment civil rights act law days assassination martin luther king jr president johnson proclaimed act memorial fallen leader king dedicated peace understanding riots broke black neighborhoods cities news king death announced
soviet ship steamed york harbor premier soviet union nikita khrushchev arriving address united nations un viktor ordinary sailor serving soon center international controversy khrushchev speaking un jumped ship sought political asylum united states protests soviet leaders granted asylum home united states thousands defectors citizens communist countries reject oppression homelands unlike united states free countries soviet union communist countries permit citizens travel choose defectors united states war ii famous conductor wife brilliant soprano able secure exit visas leave soviet union angered soviet authorities demanded artistic freedom public letter fearlessly think independently express opinions knows wrote response soviet government denied wife chance perform couple fled soviet union united states later highly renowned director national symphony orchestra washington artists left soviet union artistic personal freedom united states famous dancer natalia defected kirov ballet tour united states
person attitudes expressed remain private attitudes expressed enter public realm opinion public opinion represents sum individual opinions meaningful expression public opinion involve significant number population country group public publics groups express views issue special publics include business labor agriculture occupational groups include regional groups age groups racial ethnic religious groups issue fundamentally affects group opinion group special consideration question agricultural price supports opinion farmers major importance similarly urban residents concerned issues relating public transportation city services hear farmers want business labor wants group likely wholly united wants differences opinion public distribution individual preferences opinion expression preference attitude judgment reflect person knowledge reasoned evaluation issue resources informed person issues important matters interest homework primarily concerned personal matters health family job income realizing public issue affect lives
winning party nomination step road presidency rough tumble battle primaries national convention expensive exhausting divide party party nominee task try reunite party campaign ahead traditionally losing candidates pledge support winner disappointed staff members activists find making peace difficult nominee organization makes major effort include failure bind party wounds seriously weaken campaign beginning soon national conventions nominees seclusion advisers plan strategy campaign struggle nomination candidates build campaign organizations nominee personal organization party national committee takes chief responsibility presidential campaign top organization campaign manager small group aides advisers give direction campaign decisions campaign strategy candidate closest advisers person charge fund raising principal tasks campaign organization press secretary speech writers media specialists handle television advertising campaign trail advance ahead candidate preparing details personal appearance local campaign organizations set citizens groups representing diverse interests groups texans eisenhower viva kennedy mexican americans jfk democrats reagan groups national local party organizations candidate organization include skilled field managers coordinate campaign efforts
issues play role voters decisions issues assume critical importance major campaign issues simply individual voters feels strongly traditionally issue oriented voter chooses candidates according stand important issues recently single issue voting rise absorbed issue nuclear energy questions fade background candidates judged position issue issue single issue voting booby trap voter interests concerns candidates evaluated terms issue important interests likely sacrificed voting endorse candidate advocates election rarely clear mandate authorization ahead carry specific policies mandate future elections serve verdict past performance candidate party average voter makes evaluation government performed evaluations personal terms issues concern deeds words count final analysis voter generally satisfied performance party power hold public office voter familiar policies pursued stands leaders adage voter knows shoe hurts unpopular war crime streets racial unrest scandal corruption high taxes unemployment inflation likely greater impact voter decision campaign rhetoric promises future
congress committee committees wield power committee selected according unwritten rule seniority custom majority party member longest continuous service committee chairperson seniority system sharp criticism beginning series reforms weakened hold practice committee selected seniority selection seniority longer automatic mid nineteenth century senate selected basis committee seniority senior minority party member known ranking member committee members ranked length service purposes succession death retirement defeat chairperson member majority party ladder seniority move chair house contrast seniority system established securely reforms speaker appointed committee appointment speaker tolerated members served term returned local politics members began political careers congress discontent procedure grew members house voted strip speaker power appoint exceptions selected according principle seniority main arguments seniority system automatic selection seniority promote harmony eliminating conflict chairperson
late nineteenth century vietnam part french indochina end war ii vietnamese communist leader ho chi minh proclaimed country independence stronghold north led war french vietnamese supporters ended french defeat geneva accords vietnam temporarily divided pending election communist government established north vietnam hanoi capital non communist government established south vietnam saigon capital national liberation front ho chi minh military arm viet communist movement south vietnam early increasing support north viet intensified pressure weak south vietnamese government stepping guerilla campaign south united states supported south vietnam military economic aid president john kennedy american troops advisers ground gained effort lessen communist influence authorization congress gulf tonkin resolution president johnson escalated military action communists subsequently number american troops increased rapidly half million air strikes vietnam united states dropped times total bomb tonnage dropped war ii united states withdrew americans killed wounded million vietnamese died additional million forced homes percent landscape devastated toxic chemicals sprayed united states
population growth heightens competition scarce resources nations problem especially critical developing nations africa asia latin america percent live nations beset poverty severe unemployment low productivity limited resources increases population hamper efforts improve quality additional mouth feed places greater burden food energy supplies environment hard won gains agricultural industrial development simply supporting population pressure spreads poverty widens gap rich poor leader president called aid developing nations combat problems hunger population growth president cabinet heads advisers frequently proposes additional monetary help nations stricken problems early president reagan promised additional assistance african nations struck severe drought wealth nations measured compared terms capita gross national product gnp gap rich poor nations enormous grows wider chart page contrasts capita gnp united states selected nations thirds nations embracing percent humanity capita gnp countries lowest income group capita gnp nations million seriously undernourished million read write million adequate shelter
president united states deliver speech large metropolitan area week secret service agents help local police officials agents checked backgrounds meet president visit comparing names computer list nearly considered potentially dangerous criminal records agents investigated auditorium president speak detailed map entrances exits plan action conceivable emergency checked entrances exits building secure case president wounded injured secret service agents sure local hospitals supply blood president type president limousine pulls auditorium agents search faces crowd agents trained react immediately erratic movements suspicious gestures onlookers agents surround limousine president steps trained give lives order save president harm president abraham lincoln established secret service month assassinated main task secret service fighting ironically presidents james garfield william mckinley assassinated protection president added duties secret service today women serve secret service agents
denver colorado boy named tom caught breaking vending machine police release custody parents days later stands jury jury member asks wants tom parents free tom answers questions embarrassed apprehensive deliberating private jury returns hand unusual verdict tom part job pay money months call counselor week write monthly report conduct jury unusual verdict part innovative program denver designed confront thorny problem juvenile crime teenage offenders face jury peers teenagers trouble law offenders admitted guilt allowed student jury agree writing abide sentence jury imposes jury considers crimes theft assault possession dangerous weapons sentence force law jury members volunteer duty selected denver district attorney office supervises program beginning program success total teenagers student jury failed meet requirements sentences include staying trouble law
american governors represented british king colonies struggle independence grew chosen preside colonies revolutionary leaders patrick henry delivered famous words give liberty give death elected governor virginia office thomas jefferson staked american continent serve nation territorial governors meriwether lewis william clark expedition cross continent rivers later appointed governors lewis presided louisiana territory clark territory missouri john fremont called pathfinder led early expedition california later served governor arizona territory military leaders sat governor office henry light horse harry lee daring revolutionary army cavalry officer hold virginia highest office sam houston commander chief texas army war independence mexico singular distinction serving governor states tennessee texas history governorship stepping stone higher office twenty presidents vice presidents held office governors entered national politics governors john jay salmon chase charles evans hughes earl warren supreme court reversal alexander stephens elected governor georgia serving vice president confederacy women entered american governorship late nellie tayloe ross elected governor wyoming woman serve governor
stock greater syracuse reads full color advertisement recent business magazine philadelphia style reads peaches pineapples oranges grapefruit big apple proclaims flashy page ad york city american cities actively court big business seeking headquarters plants offices boost local economies cities founded centers business commerce today economic health vitality american cities depend business cities offer business tax incentives tax breaks expensive company set operate city government ease building code restrictions encourage construction office buildings plants cities issued municipal bonds raise money ailing local industries cities successfully encouraged business improving public services facilities boston redevelopment authority successfully attracted business improving public transportation system rebuilding deteriorating areas shops malls housing construction office buildings downtown area encouraging businesses locate boston high priority making city safe crime important attraction businesses city offers unique attractions boston considers excellence universities important selling point businesses york counts reputation banking financial center cultural offerings detroit michigan cities attract business strength public private school systems important asset city
times million earth periods extremely cold weather times northern polar icecap permanent ice sheet north pole moved south joined glaciers large slowly moving masses snow ice formed mountain ranges cold weather periods lasted known ice age difficult imagine extent ice sheets today ice covers twelfth earth land surface longest period ice age ice covered earth surface places ice sheet miles thick large areas northern north america europe asia ice ice age affected earth ways humans animals migrated warmer ice free areas kinds animals plants disappeared entirely grinding chiseling effect moving ice surface earth northern half earth covered ice rest earth received unusually large amounts rainfall rivers lakes rose inland seas formed regions deserts began produce vegetation support animal hand sea level dropped water frozen icecaps sea level fell underwater ridges uncovered formed land bridges linked continents islands today separated water land bridges moved humans animals trying escape ice
hebrew kingdoms strong withstand invasions east assyrians captured conquered israel captured jews slaves later chaldeans captured judah capital jerusalem destroyed solomon temple took southern hebrews captivity cyrus persian king conquered chaldeans allowed hebrews return palestine rebuild temple jerusalem jews conquered jewish code laws included ten commandments laws developed later periods called mosaic law moses mosaic law code hammurabi demanded eye eye set higher human jewish law accepted slavery custom ancient law demanded kindness slaves hammurabi code punished slave severely free person crime jewish laws required kindness poor strangers babylonian laws mosaic law severe witchcraft sacrifices idols crimes punished death hebrew thinking needed trust yahweh religious leaders hebrew literature testament bible books tell story creation special mission hebrews escape slavery egypt progress history beliefs thousand history told books rest poetry laws religious instruction prophecy
athens wealthy powerful artists teachers attracted city athenians active arts leaders fields cultural activity athens led period called golden age athenians showed love athens pride erecting beautiful public buildings temples gymnasiums theaters decorated buildings public places finest works art especially sculpture athenians beautiful art part daily acropolis hill original polis located scene special artistic creations magnificent gate stood entrance path hill inside gate towered huge bronze statue goddess athena feet meters high special protectress city athens armed shield spear top acropolis stood parthenon temple honor goddess athena begun considered finest greek architecture beauty parthenon lay size pleasing proportions relation length width height greek ideal golden mean excess proportion end parthenon adorned sculptured figures greek sculpture figures painted bright colors series columns colonnade encircled building works sculpture stood columns temple doors windows
chinese invented gunpowder ang dynasty firecrackers warfare explosive guns greater invention chinese printing learned early ink paper step printing han dynasty chinese classics carved stone artisans copy writings carefully fitting damp paper stone inscription patting flat surface soot result white black picture original step seals metal wood inscription carved reverse seals large similar today block prints oldest printed book diamond sutra buddhist religious text printed china ang dynasty form roll sheets paper pasted carved blocks print words roll movable type separate characters rearranged freely form words sentences apparently china korea characters wood porcelain copper technique common china characters chinese language printers separate movable blocks represent reason chinese preferred blocks carved entire page text
muslims excellent mathematicians perfected algebra science word algebra comes arabic words al meaning reunion broken parts muslim contribution mathematics introduction arabic numerals western read mathematicians india developed system arabs learned transmitted west arab scholars influential development geography science map making perfected observations travelers astronomical calculations arab geographical studies adapted hindu idea hemisphere center summit equally distant cardinal points north south east west theory known christopher columbus basis conclusion earth flat arab astronomers studied astrology influence stars lives thinkers asia europe studied astrology past continue centuries influenced arab writings latin translations arab astrological studies europeans contact muslim culture ways spain cities cordova toledo famous learning seville center art luxury christian jewish scholars brought muslim learning spain western europe point contact crusades efforts europeans recapture holy land muslims read crusades chapter palestine muslim regions crusaders learned muslim achievements took ideas greatly influenced european culture
roman legions remained britain called guard frontiers central europe island raided germanic tribes northern europe raiders stayed settlers germanic tribes angles saxons jutes saxons eventually dominated term saxons applied descendants groups angles gave land word england comes land meaning land angles english referred anglo saxons historians britain refer eastern island british isles pre roman roman times word comes latin meaning land britons england refers island scotland north wales west germanic invasions invasions native celts killed enslaved retreated ireland highlands wales scotland roman culture latin christianity disappeared replaced germanic customs anglo saxon language religion saxons saxons england formed small independent kingdoms later kingdoms combined important southern scotland northern england central england wessex southern england map page kingdom divided districts called governed officials known shire reeves word sheriffs government kingdom simple king deal power council nobles called witan advised
peace augsburg charles decided give throne divided vast territory map opposite page son philip received spain possessions ascended spanish throne philip ii branch family known spanish hapsburgs charles brother ferdinand king hungary bohemia emperor holy roman empire successors called austrian hapsburgs philip ii born educated spain proudly considered spaniard wanted spain continue leading power europe worked nation stronger home stronger abroad philip strengthened central government responsible king established capital madrid unite subjects religious faith philip ordered spanish inquisition redouble efforts find stamp heresy protect catholicism advance spain glory philip involved foreign wars treasure america pay costs spanish government imposed heavy taxes hurt spanish trade industries financial problems grew worse philip reign declare bankrupt times philip centralized power tightly efficient government impossible approve important decision communication enormous empire slow saying death spain live forever philip capture portugal gained empire portuguese king died heir added huge territories defend
small nation portugal seriously interested exploration interest due largely member royal family prince henry called henry navigator main aims portugal wished acquire lands peoples christianity crusade africa sought encircle outflank muslims finding joining forces prester john legendary christian king prince henry thought lived africa wanted acquire share african slave trade muslims controlled wanted start trading asia early prince henry founded school portugal navigators trained soon sea captains began series explorations westward atlantic southward westward coast africa slowly worked south captain going farther explored claimed portugal number islands azores atlantic south desert region sahara began trade black slaves gold ivory explorations brought greater gains portuguese dias sailed cape hope southern tip africa finally vasco da sailed africa indian ocean india map pages home fabulous cargo spices jewels voyage da tremendous stroke fortune portugal portuguese ships sail india east indies bring rich cargoes asian goods
control nobles clergy peasants abolished assembly seized land church offered sale public land bought peasants renting french peasants owners land farmed result gained important influence french affairs assembly issued document known civil constitution clergy law stated priests bishops elected voters parishes dioceses subject national government follow laws priests bishops paid government pope refused allow clergy accept arrangement majority refused left country helped remaining nobles stir hatred revolution national assembly finally completed writing constitution france constitution limited authority king set separate executive legislative judicial branches powers king greatly reduced proclaim laws block laws passed legislature legislature called legislative assembly consisted house elected male voters taxpayers begin meeting october members national assembly eligible election legislative assembly hold office considerable property women permitted vote run office despite guarantees equal rights powers declaration rights political power france wealth
thinkers impatient early socialism felt impractical important critics karl marx born prussia marx journalist radical political views unpopular country forced leave eventually settled london lived death fellow german friedrich engels marx published communist manifesto pamphlet outlining ideas marx believed history economic conditions marx wrote human history moved stages small communities tribes shared property slavery arose owned property owned forced feudalism slavery according marx stage landowners controlled lives serfs depended land food capitalism emerged feudalism brought industrial development owned machinery tools capitalists employed workers factories marx stated stage history involved inequality struggle owned property capitalist stage struggle owners capitalists working class proletariat marx argued wealth created labor capitalism labor receives small fraction wealth creates wealth goes owners form profits result inequality capitalist system necessarily suffered increasingly severe depressions working lacked money buy products manufactured factories
social science emerged anthropology study cultures read dramatic discoveries field archeology branch anthropology scientists realized earth humans lived found prehistoric cave paintings discovered egyptian sumerian assyrian remains excavated cities troy mycenae anthropologists began explore continuity attitudes human societies relate english anthropologist taylor adopted german term describing set beliefs behaviors society shares studied concept book primitive culture looked subject religion evolved human creatures english anthropologist james george took approach book golden bough compared customs societies tried show links magical beliefs religion attitudes authority attempt show similarities differences societies remained major interest anthropologists social science appeared sociology study human relationships society branch social sciences influenced french philosopher auguste comte comte argued study society imitate methods scientists objective facts avoiding personal interpretations sociologists interested adopting theories biological sciences
sudan vast geographic region savannas south sahara stretching atlantic ocean nile valley imperialistic era term sudan referred specific eastern part region south egypt inhabited arabs native tribes egypt claimed sudan conquered early britain established control egypt sudan important british upper nile river flows sudan map page control region afford chance build dams irrigation control flow water lower nile france wanted sudan toehold red sea french somalia wanted extend territory inland british egyptians force put native revolt sudan britain ordered military force move southward nile egypt general herbert troops defeated sudanese army moved farther south french expedition french congo major marchand marchand small force senegalese soldiers daring journey miles kilometers tropical rain forest july marchand reached fashoda upper nile river raised french flag british force reached fashoda september insisted french flag lowered british egyptian flags raised tension relieved officers decided ask governments
war ii japan lost territory gained earlier period expansion large growing population confined home islands country needed import food raw materials industries produced export goods pay imports damaged destroyed war defeat japan occupied american troops general douglas macarthur country virtual ruler aim occupation planned war industries remained reparations divided countries japan invaded taking factories reparations created difficulties japan germany victors wished support indefinitely japanese allowed provide japanese needed factories converted peacetime industries united states insisted payment reparations postponed indefinitely occupation aim create peaceful democratic government macarthur supervision japanese adopted constitution called macarthur constitution revived parliament diet elected universal suffrage executive power rested prime minister cabinet responsible diet war prohibited armed forces limited needed police purposes emperor remained power longer considered divine japan nations signed war ii peace treaty japan formally renounced claims occupied lands japanese pledged settle disputes peacefully pay reparations war damages
egyptians concerned foreign issues involving britain egyptians wanted remove british military base suez wanted eliminate british control sudan unite country egypt egyptian ruler king farouk lost favor ordinary egyptians lived extreme poverty resented king extravagance addition egyptians impatient government delay implementing economic reforms egypt ripe revolution july group young military officers overthrew government king farouk power struggle gamal abdel nasser emerged egypt leader death nasser enjoyed complete control egypt took care observe formalities democratic rule nasser fellow officers represented egyptians modest means revolt corrupt rulers ruling class allied commercially politically britain west nasser revolution characterized revolt west nasser government emphasized land reform industrialization greater governmental control economy expansion education britain agreed evacuate suez base allow free elections sudan sudan chose independence union egypt nasser feared western influence middle east launched egypt assertive foreign policy aimed dominating arab holocaust read chapter determined palestine jewish homeland palestinian arabs continued resist saw invasion homeland neighboring arabs supported palestinians
traditional subjects adventure stories comedies social dramas dominated filmmaking spectacular productions costing millions dollars continued films efforts break free traditional restrictions group italian directors produced shattering attacks social political injustice french filmmakers known wave created experimental movies rejected traditional story telling techniques created mysterious powerful atmosphere films japanese director produced films violence psychological insight create startling effects american film industry number directors turned attention ordinary cities changing patterns family technical mastery evident american films apparent filmmaking major art form theater important techniques developed east germany company founded playwright put plays emphasis artificiality members audience drawn reminded watching play britain traditional forms asian drama influenced theater productions greater emphasis actors spontaneous reactions performers encouraged improvise create night powerful vision playwrights called theater absurd leaders samuel beckett eugene irishman rumanian lived france beckett famous play waiting godot apparently aimless dialogue tramps
age discovery columbia atlantis shuttle astronauts space satellites photograph earth incredible distances marvels communication exist hard imagine continent continent existed lived europe lived americas group existed africa knew europe americas nonetheless europeans africans native americans found lives intertwined native peoples americas developed varied ways cultures highly advanced true peoples africa europe entering period rapid development building powerful nations beginning push barriers atlantic ocean discover lands search europeans act agents change africans native americans europeans europeans push americas disrupt lives native americans europeans carry practice slavery americas process thousands africans enslaved uprooted homeland early thriving colonies established americas chapter discusses characterizing centuries periods conflict change
vast colonial territories claimed britain france portugal spain netherlands spread slowly map colonial areas prizes contending nations ready sacrifice blood effort european nations engaged constant warfare british flag waved proudly islands caribbean thirteen colonies atlantic seaboard warships royal navy stood guard nearly women children lived seaboard colonies warships needed britain powerful enemies south spaniards built series forts missions stretched florida california southern border united states spain power declining mid british think spain major threat north west france vast territory claimed france story french strengthening naval military power north america armed forces presented growing threat british colonies french claims north america based early voyages verrazano cartier map page french colonizing nations simply claims indians lands ancestors lived french explorer establish settlements samuel de champlain voyage
division political controversy colonies centered royal governors governors selected ruling group britain politicians lawyers soldiers times crown appointed favored colonist governor making appointments royal colonies crown necessarily look ability king awarded positions friends favorites royal governors excellent administrators tried balance british colonial interests narrow minded shortsighted training experience offices held bad indifferent governors positions increase fortunes willing pay handsomely secure jobs military officers clerks served royal governors rule superiors appointed merely friends governor practices common britain colonies able held positions authority colonies result colonies enjoyed advantage part growing british empire owed deal crown representatives british government royal officials naturally stressed crown point view colonists speaking representatives assemblies held opposite point view asked pay taxes provide high salaries countless outsiders britain lazy incompetent say interests colonists important interests britain
april york city temporary capital nation crowd gathered wall street witness inauguration president united states solemn occasion crowd balcony federal hall stands george washington unanimously chosen electoral college robert livingston chancellor york administers presidential oath office moment silence burst cheers breaks crowd thoughts passed washington mind gazed sea faces waves sound rose washington weighed mind chances government success knew thought citizens states york delaware virginia citizens united states hail president united states washington fully aware united states nation washington worries close associates worried future nation john adams newly elected vice president feared republic lifetime occasion alexander hamilton felt constitution frail worthless president thought united states experiment entrusted hands american washington knew responsibility give direction american experiment
war means considered victory side war marked turning point american affairs freed americans involvement affairs europe americans turn full attention developing resources nation war greatly stimulated feeling patriotism national pride hearts americans helped unite americans determination strengthen growing nation strong feeling patriotism pride period known era feelings term era feelings mean nation united ways nation divided major regions characteristics resources industrial revolution reshaping northeast england south mainly agricultural region devoting efforts growing cotton dependent slavery west land appalachian mountains mississippi river attracting growing numbers pioneer settlers interests north south individually members congress looked special interests states section country collectively congress president weld northeast south west nation leaders solved problem sectionalism versus unity temporarily means program called american system invention development power driven machines changed products
andrew jackson president carefully developed political program despite lack jackson held firm convictions believed government belonged vote determined majority rule jackson believed federal government powers limited believed union united states believed young nation preserved cost jackson believed power presidency steps president removed political opponents public government office replaced supporters spoils system called victorious political party fill public offices party supporters regard abilities qualifications spoils system popular expression victor belong spoils spoils system common northern western states extent federal government jackson applied vigorously general jackson removed officeholders suspected supported political opponents officeholders women denied government jobs vote jackson replaced federal officeholders set precedent later presidents drastic results jackson maintained spoils system actually improved government claimed person duties public officers admit plain simple intelligence readily qualify performance jackson stated
daniel webster clay veteran whig leader supported clay compromise argued slavery likely prosper newly acquired lands reason webster declared unnecessary unwise north insist excluding slavery area northerners opposed webster accused betraying freedom stephen douglas illinois argued sovereignty supported webster clay john calhoun south carolina spoke south opposed popular sovereignty compromises question slavery calhoun webster clay served country congress weak carried senate colleague read speech condemning compromise calhoun insisted slaveowners property territories congress duty protect southern senators supported calhoun senators whigs democrats alike strongly opposed calhoun group thomas hart benton missouri salmon chase ohio william henry seward york sternly denied constitution protected slavery opposed proposed fugitive slave law urged congress exclude slavery territories agreed seward higher law constitution felt legislative compromises radically wrong essentially vicious turned americans north south favored compromise september houses congress adopted clay compromise measures large majorities
bitterness north south continued civil war ended bitterness inevitable side conflict believed war ended southerners willing reenter union nonetheless think treated conquered northerners hand felt earn return union bitterness increased decade war struggle rebuild union aroused resentment rebuilding union meant solving difficult political constitutional problems meant restoring economic vigor south devastated industries meant reopening normal trade relations states finally meant solving problem bringing black americans mainstream national solutions problems found breakdown public morality occurred north south corruption reached level government breakdown public morality stemmed partially war dislocated section country stemmed took place half chief rapid development industry technological advances farming flood immigrants booming growth cities inaugural address president lincoln issued stirring call lenient reconstruction policy part malice charity firmness god let strive finish bind nation wounds care borne battle widow orphan achieve cherish lasting peace nations
broken promise brought disaster sioux promised permanent home black hills south dakota wyoming considered sacred gold discovered black hills cavalry ordered remove indians desirable area removal command general george custer experienced indian fighter earlier custer attacked peaceful indian village wichita river oklahoma attack unarmed women children warriors killed june general custer attacked large camp sioux cheyenne big horn river montana sioux cheyenne warriors outstanding leaders sitting bull able honest idealistic crazy horse uncompromising reckless military genius honored hero sioux fierce fighting bighorn custer detachment troops killed bodies mutilated general custer stand provoked controversy deny major humiliation united states government action bighorn marked end major fighting northern plains troops pursued harried sioux cheyenne crazy horse sitting bull defeated indians forced reservations south west apaches continued centuries uninterrupted war whites spaniards mexicans finally north americans
major step democratic government adoption australian ballot secret vote political party printed ballots distinctive color person cast ballot open view cared watch easy determine voted secret ballot developed australia adopted united states eliminated open voting ballots listing names candidates single sheet paper printed public expense voters mark cast ballots secrecy trying secure democratic government progressives supported initiative referendum recall reform measures advocated populists initiative enables voters initiate introduce legislation suppose instance group citizens wanted increase amount money spent public schools draw bill attach petition signatures percentage voters percent depending law petition presented legislature representatives required law debate bill openly referendum companion initiative securing number signatures tio voters compel legislature place bill voters approval disapproval recall enabled voters remove elected government official official term expired number voters percent presented petition special election held
concessions china encouraged foreign traders settle passed outsiders including missionaries united states countries exercised growing influence imperialistic powers interested east asia united states eager grab chinese territory result relations remained friendly major crisis developed japan entered race colonies attack china japanese war war japan won large island formosa territory shantung peninsula control korea germany russia britain france rushed seize share china appeared china soon carved divided european powers crisis china posed problem unites states john hay secretary solution problem note powers concerned seeking assurances hay asked open treaty ports guarantee nations engaged trade china equal railroad harbor tariff rates short hay asked open door policy policy insure american businesses opportunity compete equal terms traders china response note encouraging hay announced march open door policy effect understandably chinese resented efforts control country rising tide resentment chinese launched movement drive foreign devils country movement led chinese secret society westerners called boxers
heavy artillery machinegun fire americans drove sedan highly fortified position germans held days united states troops pushed objective fighting tremendous meuse argonne offensive involved million combatants americans suffered casualties pushed german line captured prisoners large supplies war materials important american victories part offensive crumbling german lines belgians british french confident victory fighting fiercely enemy hammer blows german morale began sag germany allies lost heart september turkish armies palestine arabia suffered crushing blows bulgaria surrendered unconditionally november crews german ships german naval base mutinied riots broke number german cities november austria signed armistice italians convinced war lost kaiser wilhelm ii ruler germany fled netherlands leaving country hands revolutionists germany finally signed armistice allies november armistice signed railroad car forest france eleventh hour eleventh eleventh month germans signed grimly terms severe germans agreed evacuate france belgium luxembourg alsace lorraine delay agreed surrender allies enormous amount war materials including germany naval vessels return prisoners money valuables occupied countries
congress responded president johnson leadership adjourning october congress chalked impressive legislative records nation history reaching civil rights act chapter important measures revenue act cut personal corporate income taxes billion leaving money hands consumers businesses law greatly stimulated economy economic opportunity act marked important attempt break cycle poverty created office economic opportunity oeo authorized billion begin war poverty agency local governments increase employment expand training programs especially nation needy young congress passed measures authorized million help cities improve urban commuter transit facilities established system preserve federally owned wilderness areas measures strongly supported president johnson considered congress adjourned begin election campaign republicans nominated barry goldwater conservative senator arizona presidency representative william miller york running mate democrats nominated lyndon johnson choice vice president senator hubert humphrey minnesota start race parties divided goldwater firm conservative favored sharply limited role federal government moderate republicans refused support republican lost support black voters goldwater republican senators voted civil rights act
commission warned continued disorder destruction democratic values improvements basic areas commitment national action compassionate massive sustained assassination martin luther king jr nobel peace prize winner respected black leaders april fell stunning force americans white black alike dr king memphis tennessee lead nonviolent demonstration killed assassin bullets speech death dr king longer question violence nonviolence question nonviolence dr king death grim reminder importance kerner commission warnings nation mourned loss dr king riots broke chicago washington congress approved federal holiday monday january recognize dr king accomplishments massive effort called kerner report develop worst predictions revolution threatened radical black nationalists place civil rights commission reported black citizens members minorities prevented voting unfair means black citizens making important political gains end black americans serving elected public offices number percent offices important improvement earlier mid black members house representatives black mayors cities los atlanta chicago detroit gary newark washington
industrial revolution began ago brought change industrialization began need heavy fuels buried earth millions united states grew largest industrialized nation largest producer importer consumer energy resources cheap fuel coal mines appalachian region oil fields texas oklahoma helped build americans american energy consumption doubled percent energy oil big american cars cruised highways getting miles gallon gasoline gasoline costing cents gallon low mileage gallon problem homes colder winter climates heated thermostats set air conditioners roared summer keeping homes nicely cooled temperature soared american industry consumed vast amounts energy fuel cheap factories machinery energy efficient accessible petroleum america fields began run oil deeper pockets expensive bring petroleum natural gas surface easier cheaper answer foreign oil plentiful cheap early barrel oil middle east cost united states began rely imported oil energy needs
nina ran tim house monster nina tim big yellow house don want monster tim don afraid watch monster don nina tim let rick nina tim ran rick monster big yellow helping monster likes dig rick nina let linda rick likes watch monsters nina tim rick ran linda linda monster nina house big yellow tim digs things rick pushes things nina push asked linda push nina don afraid watch nina tim rick linda ran nina house monster nina don linda monster big yellow helping monster tim big yellow helping monster rick look bulldozer big yellow bulldozer dig bulldozer push push things push big rocks bulldozer pushing pushing big rocks soon road school
pam called jan bike jan bike blue pam mine jan show school mine pam pam jan school looked bikes bike mine pam bikes glad jan pam girls school pam asked jan bike bikes look jan want bike home pam want bike home let think jan house side school side put bike pam house side school side put bike jan blue bike mine pam blue bike mine jan pam house dad bike tag pam help put bike thank dad need tag pam pam called jan dad bike jan dad bike show school show pam school girls looked tags bikes tag jan tags pam glad bikes jan
found playground lost home mother saw asked found found dog playground told friend mother liked couldn lost tag wanted help mother help find home dog asked dog home picture mother let picture post office post office put picture mother helped put ad newspaper ad father home petted asked found found dog playground told dog father told liked couldn dog father food sleep bed didn want woman house woman ad newspaper picture post office margie margie dog felt sad told re going margie needs home asked woman looked mother mother looked yes mother margie
forest ranger school showed pictures forest forest animals forest ranger told true story bear named smokey ago bear playing forest playing animal friends bear stopped playing smelled looked mother smelled mother bear smelled smoke fire pushed bear run ran mother saw animals running smoke bear couldn mother smoke fire bear afraid bear ran ran ground hot bear burned paw climbed tree waited hoped fire bear stayed tree fire stopped looked burned forest didn green trees didn animals saw walking forest forest ranger forest ranger helped bear tree ranger saw bear burned paw helped ranger called bear smokey soon smokey home zoo sign put smokey home sign told smokey fire zoo smokey read sign wanted smokey friends wanted help prevent forest fires forest ranger told smokey friends smokey friends help prevent forest fires
bear sat top high tree looked wide wide saw green hills saw river saw blue sea saw tops trees saw house saw mother bear began climb tree saw green worm hello green worm talk talk bear home lunch bear climbed tree saw girl think lost girl river treetop yes bear river live yes girl emily bear river bear emily walked talked soon river mother father emily mother calling bear home lunch bye emily bye bear play bear bear home hugged mother bear asked bear asked mother bear climbed top tree saw wide saw blue sea bear saw green worm climbed think saw
started asking questions sit night mother look stars stars sky asked night mother asked looking count counted morning counting stars sky asked mother count closing eyes night looked sky high sky asked mother high looking high asked mother flew sky flew high fly morning mother asked high sky higher fly closing eyes night looked waves sea waves sea asked mother waves asked count flew sea counted waves counted morning saw waves sea flew mother waves sea asked count closing eyes night asked mother deep sea deep deep asked mother looked sky deep sky high looked sat night thinking sky stars waves sea
started raced school yard slid patch ice watch rosemary yelled late bumped landed snow pile hung coat fed goldfish fed frank gerbil rosemary fed gerbil food goldie boxes look billy shook head read letters fish gerbil friend michael put water fish tank lunch looked white winter classroom miss tyler sat drew snowflake cut tom ronald morgan funny snowflake don cut lines miss tyler gave note home maybe need glasses lunch marc asked glasses doctor sims office today answered michael asked doctor sims office doctor sims look point pointed looked smaller smaller doctor sims hard mother look glasses yes doctor sims glasses help look sharp clear tried red frames slid nose put blue frames mother michael doctor sims glasses ready glasses ready superkid school
benjamin franklin things printer discovered electricity liked write books newspapers helped write laws united states benjamin stopped going school ten benjamin wanted learn school learned things reading reading read find benjamin franklin coming ideas ideas franklin stove stove stood inside fireplace room hotter fireplace today stoves stove franklin franklin grew older found needed glasses needed pair glasses things needed pair glasses things want read books want look fire water stars don want pairs glasses want pair franklin took top part glasses faraway things took bottom part glasses things franklin put pair glasses franklin put glasses need look things look things think call glasses bifocals glasses franklin reading learning benjamin franklin bifocals needed pair glasses
nick afraid soon going school longer teacher home nick talked parents school wheelchair asked kids don school walk nick questions spilled feel afraid parents nick felt wednesday morning small yellow bus took nick school teacher met bus hope school nick teacher pushed nick hall classroom room looked nick teacher mrs becker smiled re glad re told nick names boys girls class spoke mrs becker nick think children ask questions nick nodded looking rachel asked question wheelchair walk nick walk asked nina legs didn grow asked timmie nick looked mrs becker boys girls helped nick started nick looked children teacher bright pictures walls didn feel afraid anymore felt school days nick children grew learned asked helped nick
clyde wasn monster growing uglier lived large forest parents father monster big big monster ugly friends family fun pretty monster mother monster uglier picture family monsters clyde lived cave night supposed live cave daytime played forest monster things breathing fire lake clyde things jumping large holes ground bumping things clyde supposed cave sleep problem started didn want cave asked mother won cave answered clyde afraid dark afraid asked father monster mine afraid afraid clyde afraid silly father show father breathed fire lit cave hiding rock jump sleeping answered clyde silly mother wouldn hurt wouldn asked clyde mother hide dark bed scare boy girl answered clyde upset mother think
jeremy think basketball season thought captain team flyers jeremy ran read big sign put front yard don believe micky adam rode hi jeremy micky names list jeremy list sister play basketball adam look backyard jeremy ran backyard watched melanie basket basket play micky team jeremy taller team adam tall micky jumps high runs fast sure throw basketball adam girl girl jeremy sister play team tomorrow adam micky left melanie jeremy called bet re tired boy melanie re tired clean room jeremy melanie sure jeremy re tired won want try flyers tomorrow melanie shape tomorrow wouldn miss tryouts giant ant farm asked jeremy jeremy getting idea don want try flyers melanie jeremy don worry jeremy melanie proud play tryouts
today terrible started dropped pencil miss tyler asked ronald morgan crawling desk snake children started call snakey miss tyler told night homework noticed mother forgotten sign mine quickly signed miss tyler ronald morgan wrong sign names spelled mother wrong children laughed later billy reading satellite group hungry hungry tiptoed coatroom ate sandwich wrong bag ate jimmy sandwich ronald morgan eating miss tyler asked sandwich ate jimmy sandwich mistake children looked jimmy cried didn want sandwich alice reading mariners group workbook page didn remember asked rosemary don rosemary asked rockets group later play ball played left field don catch ball ran missed milk money fell pocket lost game snakey billy yelled lunchtime finally money milk watched jimmy eat sandwich hungry part rosemary carrot billy grapes lunch miss tyler called rockets reading circle
knowing sequence order things happen helps understand read writers clue words help follow order read paragraph underlined clue words help understand sequence tim thinks ready school leaves mother wants eat cereal walk dog tim school notice clue words clue words help answer questions sequence order tim things tim eat cereal clue words tim walk dog clue word tim school clue words look clue words read paragraph bill mother left note note clean room want store cut grass swimming later find clue words later answer questions tell bill bill thing bill remember clue words help understand sequence order things happen
jasper lived house corner busy corner passed hurrying hurrying home jasper didn hurry didn place didn sat watched pass stopped talked jasper asked questions question asked jasper going grow going hero jasper laughed wait thought jasper someday going big hero picture paper jasper brother paul jasper hero job job hero jasper carried trash anyway inside house wait brave fire truck clanging goes hero jasper fire fighter brave deeds help trouble night newspaper picture fire fighter carrying baby saved jasper cut picture paper hero board began jasper read brave pinned story board bedroom wall someday jasper picture saving place dangerous going jasper mother let jasper took rover walk saw running street maybe robbery jasper thought
nate detective afraid thing today going birthday party thing afraid annie dog fang morning dog sludge getting ready party doorbell rang opened door annie fang need help annie find key house birthday party fang nate sorry key glad party tell key annie saw fang birthday surprise eat eat yes annie present forgotten buy fang lots presents collar license number silver tag silver bone hang collar pretty fang looks nate want look fang tell rosamond cats house annie store left rosamond cats house left fang yard left key house table saw key fang yard house locked rosamond cats rosamond left note strange poem rosamond strange annie nate knew ask rosamond put key
lift spacecraft challenger lifted cape canaveral florida air climbed minutes sight challenger trip space astronauts flight sally ride sally american woman space youngest american astronaut circle earth space astronaut important sally ride job test robot arm find arm worked robot arm space later trips arm pick satellites trouble challenger flight lasted days spacecraft returned earth landed california sally ride grown california challenger landed sally growing worked hard sally interested stars planets studied school sally read newspaper women wanted space program learn astronauts wanted part space program thirty picked astronaut class sally ride women picked sally moved texas begin training astronaut learned fly airplanes learned flying spacecraft learned things astronaut needs
tired scared merle morning fun going try brave trip park morning merle heard talking places things seen seen lot things big trees west shoot tall tallest building standing feel mighty small small city feeling quietness understand mean merle sat oak trying picture tree tall building believe trip west don dare run roads safe squirrel travel telephone wires sad bye oak tree merle took flying leap nearest telephone wire making sure west started high wire walking merle steady noise traffic gave shakes remember scared brave brave merle shakes soon running wires fast steady clip rate trip west easy flash
field fly kite bright sunny sat beach watched kite flight grown ups told stories times flew kites began flying kites thousand ago chinese invent kites kites beautiful shaped fish look dragons chinese flew kites fun times kites help tied fishing line end kite fish bit bait kite moved kite fish pulled chinese farmers put kites fields scare birds tried eat crops kites main parts frame cover flying line frame wood plastic sticks cover paper plastic silk nylon materials light thin nylon string wrapped stick flying line tail stop kite spinning windy tails cloth paper feathers larger kite bigger tail needs hundreds kinds kites kites fit main groups kind kite flat kite crossed sticks covered material tail flat kite kites left sides exactly
mean gina asked grandpa pointing poster poster seen week bicycle balloon chase bike shop told big hot air balloon park saturday wind knows follow bikes balloon lands bikers close touch win free ride breakfast gina grandpa pedaled town rode uphill main street rode downhill maple street gina counted posters grandpa counted shortcuts wind knows balloon shortest saturday gina grandpa sunrise breakfast gina packed apples peanuts grandpa pumped air bicycle tires grandpa put cap believe re ready let chase balloon park gina saw bicycles big front wheels tiny wheels saw bicycles seats pedals saw wheel called unicycle didn balloon gina saw woman parrot basket pickup truck balloon asked gina look truck grandpa told woman aeronaut basket gondola balloon bag thought big balloon gina gina waited aeronaut helpers unloaded truck set gondola grass tipped
eleanor elephant circus star forty huge elephant put act left crowd calling encore encore shouted eleanor night eleanor suddenly lost balance tumbled hit floor huge kerthunk lay thought elephant broken bone wasn hurt circus boss decided eleanor longer fit stay show eleanor live city zoo eleanor put pen plenty hay water elephant house neat red barn shaded big tree lucky eleanor happy perform tricks earn stopped eleanor pen stare eleanor felt silly standing fancy circus robe felt overgrown wrinkled ugly big bloop thing look eleanor grumbled don want seen eleanor stayed sight lonely elephant loved cheering crowds bright lights lots excitement eleanor lonely change things girl zoo sketch animals set easel woke eleanor afternoon nap eleanor wondered drew pictures pen fence peeked girl shoulder girl drawing rhinoceros lived pen
sunny morning river water slapped softly boat moving water rowing boat fisherman catch fish artist paint landscape boat floating studio working place found spot river began set easel watched waited light looked began paint covered white canvas colors trees water sky looked painting later wanted seen early summer morning river boat lived ago france artist loved outdoors loved water claude monet known greatest landscape painters lived claude monet born france spent early town river ran sea claude loved sea child claude sketching liked claude sketches working hard claude sketch pictures sell fifteen claude famous artist home town sold sketches shop hung window shop showed artist named boudin artists met shop boudin claude young sketches try painting happy give lessons
cold winter spring beautiful believe magic hills mexico bright color afternoon francisco race home school gave play hills pet pig francisco sister going home supper francisco stopped suddenly saw tall coming road guido francisco cried guido friend ran guido racing riding held tightly ears cried stop stop top voice guido looked trail face changed quickly sadness smile shout laughter walked quickly lifted patted hair hugged laughing welcome guido francisco jumped joy missed sat straight legs welcoming guido home supper francisco begged mama papa happy guido children able hill mama papa watching doorway welcomed inside traveled guido gem finder francisco call guido friend sighed travels find gem searching miles traveled sighed found jade mama asked guido shook head sure legend true
ago village china lived poor shoemaker shoemaker skilled making sandals footwear village shoemaker found unusual piece leather fine piece leather thought pair hunting boots shoemaker worked hard boots worked spare quiet hours night boots finished wife saw handsome pair boots shame sell boots give king shoemaker started city king lived city surrounded high wall shoemaker main gate guard watching gate saw shoemaker blocked shoemaker spear halt guard shoemaker business let enter city shoemaker answered pause brought present give king guard looked bundle shoemaker carrying king present accepts guard low voice king grants give king let shoemaker agreed guard let enter city shoemaker walked palace guard stood gate palace shoemaker guard stepped front blocked
marco polo lived venice italy hundred ago marco left venice father uncle china marco father nicolo uncle maffeo china friendly china ruler kublai khan decided return days travel lived china marco family lived trip difficult famous journeys history marco seventeen polos started sailed venice city today israel traveled overland china polos travel high mountains wide deserts marco saw things travels seen saw unusual animals proud looking camels sheep horns curled ends turkey saw making colorful rugs armenia saw oil flowing ground half traveling polos reached china stayed khan palace peking marco discovered printed books pressing paper wooden blocks letters carved parts books copied hand marco soon learned languages spoken china marco speak languages khan asked travel china eyes ears marco traveled china saw things saw narrow wooden roads built high sides steep mountains
home mama shaynkeit homework need clothespin clothespin kind homework clothespin doll pilgrim doll mama frowned pilgrim searched words explain pilgrim mama pilgrims country side mama true religious freedom added worship pleased mama eyes lit understand homework asked yes ten arithmetic problems re hard play doll tonight ready morning sure girl doll naturally mama replied heard boy doll didn bother explain morning sat table breakfast doll place maybe started clothespin known look mama covered clothespin cloth stuffing hair dark brown yarn embroidered eyes nose mouth face dressed doll full red skirt tiny black felt boots bright yellow highnecked blouse covered yarn hair yellow kerchief embroidered red flowers gorgeous mama managed murmur mama smiled satisfied mama added slowly look pilgrim woman picture reading book
miss moody lived land end captain kidd captain kidd wasn famous pirate cat morning storm miss moody found washed beach nearly drowned took care repaid kindness keeping cottage free mice captain kidd hated storms miss moody loved cottage found beach storm handsome banjo clock fireplace thing wrong clock wouldn hands pointed twenty minutes clock late september afternoon sky grew dark strong wind started blow miss moody knew coming shut windows lit cheery fire fireplace captain kidd wouldn bed lightning flashed thunder crashed rain dashed windows miss moody worried bit sturdy house built sea captain ride storm smiled wondered surprises beach morning quick breakfast morning miss moody wheelbarrow captain kidd ready treasure hunt thing found pretty tin box needed postcard collection stowed box wheelbarrow saw red sand rug corner missing look lovely bedroom torn end tucked chest stowed rug wheelbarrow pile driftwood
authors write reasons write real believe places events funny sad scary authors write things entertain authors write things inform presenting facts ideas paragraphs written entertain read tell author purpose finished unpacking nelson walked adam joshua closet put suitcases adam joshua pile piles fell minute opened door adam joshua yelled nelson shaking toy dinosaur foot treat friend author describing nelson upset friend adam joshua laugh try imagine pile clothes toys falling closet nelson opens door paragraph written inform read tell author purpose land meets sea find seashells kinds shells round moon jackknife shaped boxes fans tops shells find empty soft bodies inside animals hard shells soft bodies inside called mollusks author sharing facts information seashells learned seashells reading paragraph read selection try decide author wrote author main purpose share information entertain
elisabeth mother packed treasure tin box elisabeth treasure hunter elisabeth father going bury treasure beach give elisabeth clues help find elisabeth father beach met professor eckleberry grandson charles asked professor bury treasure give clues charles decided wanted help elisabeth father find treasure let look clue papa rocks rock masqueraders dwell house house shell shell means find rocks rock papa walked elisabeth called big rocks edge water charles rock farther shore elisabeth charles ran edge water rocks stood mountains small pool water full snails elisabeth re walking pretty fast papa pool re walking pretty fast look snails slow moving legs charles found hermit crab papa leaning pool shell belonged snail shell borrows snail house clue cried charles papa whipped paper pocket
lights suddenly girls shocked couldn speak jo beth gave small gasp mary rose realized forgotten librarian home bet locked mary rose nodded head daddy jo beth shivered don spooky blue lights weird mary rose agreed jo beth display crept front door mary rose door pulled tugged knob doors locked re locked jo beth snapped angry kicked door heard locking door inside key jo beth turned stood door blue lights worse room big shadows crouched walls moved closer closer jo beth swallowed hard hollow sensation stomach refused mary rose sobbed re going librarian knows mary rose started walk door jo beth promptly don want stay going going find phone thing knows re guess idea call phone tell going call jo beth asked mary rose found phone hidden shelf sign read check books
mom looked read letter uncle joe social worker uncle joe mom younger brother syndrome syndrome mentally retarded need help taking care uncle joe born mother died family give care needed hospital school uncle joe happy school closing letter lived find homes uncle joe live family social worker says looking apartment uncle joe hard find mom explained dad think joe stay find apartment fast older sister beth shouted retarded person living forever won forever beth finds place grief beth embarrassing burst tears ran room let dad mom tried call beth needs think things think things suppose uncle joe nuisance suppose hung suppose messed baseball cards dan helping uncle joe family dad reading thoughts mother appreciate help beth amy give help uncle joe amy
night rain beating windows room think summer farm close eyes creek watching black fox leaping green green grass light free wind exactly saw terrible night standing beneath oak tree rain beating lightning flashes turned white moment broken lock empty cage small tracks disappearing rain hear plainly heard august night rain high clear bark midnight fox getting sick aunt millie asked supper night guess tired think helping pump broiling sun morning tracking fox afternoon wonder don heat stroke eat hear strength finished supper room look window knew rabbit hutch garage wanted baby fox wall dark quickly night uncle fred porch brought chair sitting gun pointing floor saw sit quieter
winter lovely spring anna took granted storm blown eventually papa forget english lessons morning early june letter canada anna uncle canada uncle karl lawyer overnight anna happy unhappy familiar turned upside anna going late school mama called letter canada ernst looks important table letter lay papa place opened read hands clenched half crumpling page mama cried hurrying papa wait moment anna saw swallow brother karl dead heart attack left owned babble voices papa awful gretchen remembered uncle karl small girl visited germany stayed papa going rich rudi rich fritz echoed longingly stopped papa face silenced poor papa frieda chimed kicking fritz papa unbelievable thing ask statement flat hard statement fact rudi rich karl grocer small store germany country suffering depression chance canada canada voice feeling anna heard months mama
hot summer family friends decide drive park beach cookout walk beach sand rocks hot hurt bare feet put sneakers hurry water bright shining sun look charcoal fire starting burn cookout stove swim water feels warm top cooler toes swim dry towel lunch hot dogs corn salad rolls fruit corn hot dogs cooked towels dry spread rocks sun fun beach energy sun heat energy sun dried towels heated sand rocks water air light energy sun working beach supplied daylight sand bright water sparkling sun supplied energy grew food ate plants light energy sun food food kind energy green plants change light energy sun chemical energy plants energy everyday living growing store rest leaves seeds fruit roots stems berries salad corn rolls fruit plants animals need plants food
tom barton leaned forward tapped shoulder luck sits class crazy thing saw garage kim asked loud voice didn answer turn looks big laser gun blasting sky ha ha ha hee haw tom laugh reminded donkey bray kids sitting nearby snickered tom hopped chair weird wagners going fend invaders space zap zap zap pretending shooting gun air laser hotly solar mirror want gathers sun energy focuses place cooking summer able cookout fuel tom sneered shook head climbed seat wagners hopeless energy nuts put crazy looking wind thing backyard electricity put weird glass covered boxes call solar water heaters dumb thing hamburger hot dog laser going hungry sheep mow lawn won gasoline ha ha ha hee haw blushed exactly space able nice warm energy saving sweaters wool tom started say teacher huffler room looked room stopped buzzing shut
class mrs friedman homework weekend groaned homework weekend crummy idea homework week bad evening weekend nights days don friday afternoon wants home friday afternoon homework think friday night saturday half sunday ruins re re homework finally sunday night parents stand say leave things minute weekend mine say assignment weekend continued mrs friedman ignoring groans write composition kenny clark qualities turned blackboard black green re supposed call chalkboard mrs friedman calls wrote want pick quality think important tell don kenny clark sullenly important want mrs friedman replied decide don quality think important quality feel quality feel success decide important spider webb raised hand
late night chester cricket busy inside newsstand soon home hopped matchbox began clean pushed box sides slid alarm clock pulled piece tissue box dragged shelf shelf dusted picked tissue paper front legs polished cricket cage bars shone wiped glass front alarm clock radio reflection dial clock luminous shed soft green light chester wanted perfect evening going party exactly months chester arrived york friends tucker mouse harry cat wanted celebrate anniversary formal understand dinner tucker mouse volunteered let drain pipe chester didn want eat amidst waste paper rubbish friend collected conferences resolved newsstand sheltered big radio provide nice background music tucker mouse jumped chester food coming tucker asked cricket tucker put charge refreshments hic hic hic laughed tucker mouse rubbing front feet wait till tell lifted foot
small boy stared big black horse horse highwayman ridden wicked gleam eyes boy nat love born slave log cabin nashville tennessee civil war began war slaves free nat twelve undersized age wiry boy help support mother nat worked big williams horse ranch miles home earned money breaking colts taming ridden young horses broken ran jumped kicked tossed mounting colt problem backed stall held rider firm seat opened stall gate corral colt shot rancher williams corral seen fiery young animals nat managed stick bare backs ridden bucking colt buck colt considered broken nat collected ten cents wiped sweating face drove fresh colt stall managed stayed earned dime rancher williams sons nat age summer father challenged nat bet ride highwayman bet nat answered bet nat took hard look big rough horse highwayman colt guaranteed mean
johanna raised eyes looked captain braun face soldier face face flute player famous riders quietly look longer safer put sacks hide found johanna wasn feeling angry anymore frightened bolt door rusty open surprised hear crying took grandfather grandmother find riders house happens disobey order german officer captain braun kneeled johanna hands strong quick slipped stiff bolt took sacks started put riders asked johanna riders guests want captain braun owe dutchmen looked friendly turn faces spoke johanna felt face grow hot red spoke bent started help put riders horses sacks minutes riders hidden radio moment captain braun turned johanna pushed deep closet grandfather couldn radio
wedding felt let felt christmas worse interesting excitement grandpa flown home quimby friends camp mountains beach howie willa jean visit grandmother girls stop moping mrs quimby find beezus ramona silent complained mother tell clean closet read book mrs quimby read book read books million times ramona enjoyed rereading favorites library mrs quimby beginning sound irritable hot complained ramona mrs quimby glanced watch mother expecting asked ramona looking watch certainly mother stranger big sigh mrs quimby sank heavily couch glanced watch closed eyes girls exchanged guilty looks mother beezus sounded worried fine snapped mrs quimby surprised girls behaving evening sisters helped mother put cold supper tuna fish salad sliced tomatoes family eating quimby told hawaiian holidays sale bargains fresh pineapple papaya end markets preparing western bar week specials steak baked beans tomato sauce chili planned paint bucking broncos front windows mrs quimby nibbled salad glanced watch
story japan grew memories lived japanese house hillside sea summer big wave washed fishing village beach story kino jiya true thought pictures book express spirit japan beautiful country japan beautiful pictures find pictures japanese artists books japanese prints found wanted mountain beach cave village hillside island wave course pictures kino jiya land live sea land sea brave boys afraid danger death able live simply pictures ago famous artists lived lived loved paint country especially liked paint fishermen farmers children loved play pictures full liked paint landscapes birds especially wild geese moon eagle snow covered pine able put pictures feeling japan chosen pictures story
happened ago strange remember terrible night blizzard blew top bringing awful cold earth froze tight axle full stop fewer heard panic spread morning history sun refused rise crumbling copies oldest newspapers find account paul bunyan giant logger superhuman effort accomplished seemingly impossible task setting turning known fact earth spins axle running center top bottom top end turns huge bearing set ice sticks feet air end called north pole end sticks bearing bottom south america called south pole spinning arranged sunrise comes early morning roughly twelve hours sunshine warm give light sunset comes end bringing night sleeping arrangement going remember speak worked morning earth frozen axle sunrise couldn spinning earth thing ordinary seldom notice sign wrong fact roosters didn crow
told ago lived arrogant cruel young lord ruled small village western hills japan village haughtily able living decree seventy banished village left mountains die terrible decree cruel unreasonable lord village whispered lord fearfully punished disobeyed villagers turned seventy tearfully carried mountains return gradually fewer fewer village soon disappeared altogether young lord pleased fine village young healthy hardworking bragged soon finest village japan lived village kind young farmer aged mother poor farmer mother lived happily mother grew older reached terrible age seventy deceive cruel lord farmer thought records village books knew mother turned seventy son put telling mother mountains die village began talk farmer knew mother soon lord send soldiers throw dark dungeon die
emma jane sat thoughtfully chewing corn bread meat watched cattle browse open meadow pulling crude map pocket turned martin run trouble missouri river crossings martin nodded eyed uneasily remembering warning friendly cowboy earlier missouri farmers setting roadblocks bridges turning herds texas cattle told claim longhorns infect cattle disease wipes herds texas fever call emma jane insisted stubbornly uncle oscar wrote ma meet alton cattle sick blame knew texas fever caused tiny tick clung longhorns immune bite martin bent map emma jane finger traced line black dot re heading grand river bridge clinton cross bridge brought closer clinton showdown figured afternoon medley cattle sounds emma jane ears caught galloping rhythm horse sound grew closer flicked glance shoulder tightened jaw guess trouble coming muttered horse peanuts peanuts ears twitched slightly strained bit galloping rider hauled curt voice demanded kids think re taking cattle
matt sense run stood frozen path bear overtake running bounds bounds bear head moved slowly side side heavy body brushed branches cobwebs swayed shifting weight foot slowly rose hind legs matt wicked curving claws matt acted remember thinking staring numb horror creature charge move swung dead rabbit ears hurled straight bear head tiny body struck bear squarely nose jerk head bear shook buzzing mosquito rabbit flopped useless ground bear bother look distracted instant instant flashed air sharp twang dull thud blow eyes bear shaft attean arrow quivered waving began lower arrow struck bear shoulder head shuddered sank ground wild yell attean sprang forward thrust knife deep arrow scarcely aware moved matt leaped jerking knife belt sank brown fur blow misplaced needed bear side heaving boys stood watching moments lay
alfred hitchcock speaking everyday flexible crawl snail going dentist race past orbiting satellite turn backward exactly happens story clues present invited turn detective help solve mystery peter perkins puzzle editor sunday morning star strolling boardwalk atlantic beach dusk boardwalk deserted amusement park took blocks shoreline small city atlantic beach silent empty filled whispering ghosts merrymakers actually whispering ghosts leaves perkins lively imagination effort shake strange mood puzzle editor increased pace heading atlantic street block beach call friend fritz sandoz watch clock repair shop puzzle enthusiast worked puzzles night week fritz wizard repairing kind clock peter friends peter shop opened special lock door evenings walked dark room called fritz fritz voice roared ear huge hands grabbed helpless baby peter perkins dragged room clock hospital lights blazed brightly caught killer deep voice ear returning scene crime
seat ballet looking forward terrific evening gala premier st vitus dance troupe newest production grasshopper suite suddenly felt slap shoulder seat mine chief inspector insector practically dragged seat lobby open shut case mosquito chief breath soon open mouth shut door face ballet master thinks culture taste taste mouth actually chief considered peon arts chief wasted listening explaining going st vitus dance wanted present valuable gold medal famous dancer mikhail special ceremony tonight performance arrived schedule wrong question identity guest telegram arrived earlier explaining dancer cancel appearance due terrible accident claiming telling real dancer terrible accident recently face totally bandaged left leg broken making dancing question
biography tells story person person part person biographies written lived ago written living today person biography written called subject biography person writes biography biographer person writes story called autobiography case subject biographer history books biographies real real events biographies based facts true complete biographies interesting read facts give complete picture subject biographers dramatize real events factual material present detailed interesting story guess subject thoughts conversations think subject biographer presents facts depends knows subject biographer times subject lived biographer closer happened subjects biographies famous written biographers begin research tracking facts person articles magazines newspapers biographers dig deeper try find facts rely facts presented biographer find hand information books articles journals diaries letters written subject primary hand sources primary sources legal records official documents
peter fond aunt em encourage nice things happen parents fond tidy disapproved purple bird nest hair carry dreadful shopping bag smells fish surely shopping peter liked untidiness stay nice shabby cottage stream ran sea minded crabs carpet sand bath asked silly questions feed sea gulls kitchen windowsill play checkers aunt em evenings aunt em stayed peter family liked calm aunt em peter trouble sided grown ups didn say nice solid sunday afternoon aunt em staying peter fishing river home spent afternoon wading dirty water feet numb cold caught part river town nice anymore fish moved rusty cans bottles bicycle wheels scavenging dogs prowled banks pack things home felt net drag hands
mogollon rim mile arc canyons ridges stretching flagstaff arizona southwestern mexico land contrasts desert areas places pines firs grow spots lush green growth waterfalls spill pools water bears mountain lions bighorn sheep animals adapted rugged environment live rugged completely detailed maps rim experienced explored area rick fisher arizona photographer discovered beauty canyons wanted share started educational organization called wilderness expeditions shares outdoor adventures exploring rim parts southwest favorite companions children especially blind deaf students join half outings students fisher trips attend arizona school deaf blind tucson students joined fisher guides rafting trip san juan river students hiking canyon river trip partially blind students blind adults sighted students sighted adult school took turns paddling rubber rafts loaded food equipment mile trip started bluff utah ended lake powell guides taught students paddle boat follow captain instructions sighted paddlers river conditions sights couldn beginning trip country open water calm
hurtling space fantastic speeds largest collections matter known science galaxies galaxies vast islands stars scattered universe knows islands stars lie inhabit surely billions lie earthly telescope produce image lie starry islands earth system sun planets belongs part galaxies infinitely tiny part speck dust gigantic rotating wheel composed billions stars wheel rotate forward directional motion moment rest stars galaxy rushing space miles astronomers believe galaxies traveling faster thought approaching speed light miles look sky clear night faint glowing band stars extending horizon slashes sky line shimmering river flowing milk looked ancient greeks gave island stars milky galaxy greek means milk light produced trail milk accumulated light billions stars thought milky called galaxy contained billion stars scientists think closer billion
orion greatest greek giants son poseidon god sea home water land wished island walked bottom ocean tall head waves large broad travels caused high tides childhood orion famous beauty tremendous strength grew hunter orion able track slay kinds beasts help giant hound sirius island chios oppressed terrified lions wolves orion assistance tracked destroyed flocks live safety orion large island crete fame artemis goddess moon invited hunting orion vain skill began boast soon killed wild animals crete listening lay wait orion stung death poisoned tail orion spirit dwell underworld souls ordinary mortals gods loved transported sky seen golden armor sword belt holding golden shield faithful dog sirius heel saved wild animals crete raised heavens constellation southern sky
nights fiorello awaken hear rockets sighing dark sky tiptoe bed kind wife dreaming let night air moments free smells food small house river silent moment let heart soar space rockets night stood darkness watching fire fountains murmuring air rockets wild mars saturn venus started milk crate silent river sat watched rockets midnight hush bramante night air prefer rockets bramante boy started eighty ago ride someday fool cried bramante rich shook gray head remembering young wrote fiery letters future science comfort things ha eighty future fly rockets live shacks ancestors sons sons shouted rich dreams rockets hesitated saved thousand dollars took save business invest machinery night month awake hear rockets
rocket metal cooled meadow winds lid gave bulging pop clock interior stepped woman children passengers whispered martian meadow leaving family felt hair flutter tissues body draw tight standing center vacuum wife whirl smoke children small seeds instant sown martian children looked look sun tell face cold wrong asked wife let rocket earth yes listen wind blew flake identities moment martian air draw soul marrow comes white bone felt submerged chemical dissolve intellect burn past looked martian hills worn crushing pressure saw cities lost meadows lying children delicate bones blowing lakes grass chin harry wife late sixty million miles children yellow hair hollered deep dome martian sky answer racing hiss wind stiff grass picked luggage cold hands standing edge sea ready wade drowned walked town harry wife cora dan laura david
books especially nonfiction books divided parts front matter main part book matter books organized manner makes easier find information quickly front matter includes title copyright pages table contents preface introduction title page title book author editor publisher city book published copyright page follows title page copyright date tells book published shows book date information book current seeking recent information subject look book current copyright date research robots industry books book copyright date book copyright date part front matter table contents shows book organized books organized units chapters simply chapters table contents lists chapter order appears book page number begins look table contents animals hunters book organized units chapters chapters found unit books preface introduction written author editor book explains importance topic reasons book written part book written author editor
young king tutankhamen queen named known married young eleven twelve reign short tomb small unpretentious modest whitewashed rooms burial chamber small barely space sarcophagus richness beauty objects found minor king tomb give dazzling sample treasure fortune jewels gold buried greater pharaohs tomb emptied treasure thieves remained hidden beneath rubble tutankhamen unknown today fortunately treasure lay hidden thanks determination english archaeologist howard carter tomb discovered carter excavating bleak barren area known valley kings sun scorched unbearable heat summer hot arid valley desolate place rocks cliffs mounds sand cut faces rocks cliffs openings entrances leading tombs ground built ancient pharaohs valley fact kings buried carter excavated searching tomb money benefactor lord carnarvon englishman wealth interested egyptian archaeological finds lord carnarvon decided find valley asked carter visit home england castle told carter longer support
woods filled shadows june evening clock bright sunset glimmered faintly trunks trees girl driving home cow plodding provoking creature behavior valued companion going western light striking deep dark woods feet familiar path matter eyes night summer cow found waiting pasture edge contrary greatest pleasure hide high huckleberry bushes wore loud bell discovery stood perfectly ring sylvia hunt found call answering moo childish patience spent creature milk plenty case owners sylvia pleasant weather consolation look cow pranks intelligent attempt play hide seek sylvia playmates lent amusement deal zest chase sylvia laughed cow swamp side urged cow affectionately homeward twig birch leaves cow inclined wander farther turned direction left pasture stepped road pace
broad general statement supported facts cases true called generalization recognizing generalizations important reading skill heard statement similar exercise makes feel statement generally true exceptions exercise physical condition don exercise feel exercise statement valid generalization means generalization true friends relatives exercise judged statement valid generalization tend generalize personal experiences read paragraph find broad general statement notice facts generalization judge generalization valid greek legends describe mythological characters tried fly centuries later italian renaissance leonardo da sketched flying machine powered muscles human leg today space flights routine spacecraft carried moon sky diving increasingly popular sport glide air giant kites centuries dreamed flying paragraph read author generalization sentence centuries dreamed flying facts support generalization author mentions periods history era ancient greeks renaissance present period interest flying author generalization desire fly based facts presented reread generalization dreaming flying
warm early summer thomas gallaudet walked main street hartford connecticut pausing dimness jeremy addams inn glass water circling past millinery shop window full whalebone bonnets stands prospect street unbuttoned waistcoat removed hat trees splayed branches arches brown green squirrels darting picket fences front path family house thomas felt weary shade small wooden porch tempted sat steps balanced hat knee cardinal soared porch roof flash brilliant red quiet afternoon broken burst laughter turning left end house thomas saw group children boisterous game tag younger sisters brothers heels boy checkered britches children waved thomas raced whooping buccaneers soon boy checkered britches caught stood blindfolded circle chasers tottering forward tag object sport edge lawn thomas noticed girl part play looked age neatly dressed pink pinafore blankness face arrested thomas interest saw child stare commotion didn ill children asked join game called brother teddy hopped steps face aflame questioned girl ruffled pink dress
catherine cabot hall aged months days meredith hampshire begin book yesterday father returning boston massachusetts obtain provisions months ahead father charles charles hall daughter hannah cabot hall dead fever older sister mary martha dark curling hair resembles mother mother blue eyes dearest friend cassie farm lies south larger cassie older height tell thing dear heart finds secret dreams reflected cassie brothers david horatio older full asa hale age exactly william mason youngest baby called willie sabbath attended services morning afternoon precept teacher set today let thy words plain true thoughts thy heart thoughts heart remain house father built labour hands harm love father sister cassie shipman family father brother uncle jack mills needs money took wife train want asked bitter confess wish hair curly mother
weather inclement church priest dog barked noisily late arrivals twas odd dog office cold severe rendered breath puffs bark puff bark searched today carried writing book home father wished teacher holt granted permission exactly account find looking care house unlikely places recall set cap muffler mittens started home paused pick pods grasses close side road told father tell teacher holt misused trust pray book safe find tomorrow aunt lucy hurried round today newly returned school noted moment cassie asa reached house set wished matter bundled asking father harness mend heard shipman kind repair leather strap put forward rent trunks father queried took soon leaving answered voice high hands vaguely waving
cassie forgive catherine tis begged length amidst stinging tears heard view surely sleepless hours accord mine evoked wan smiles spoke cassie quietly nearly whisper kindness highest virtue don let forget strive thing kind catherine cassie afternoon selected mother quilts plenty warmth tho parts worn faded answer fugitive appeal known wrote book tho child installed mother place local providence guide hand folding quilt small wrapping sausage apples crossed house reached road proceeded phantom stone asa dubbed part plan carried fateful lesson book seen questioned neighbours rehearsed say search tree intended sketching cassie companion carried worn quilt cold pat excuse believed fit situation purpose served taking book hand meet stranger purpose instantly likely harm
boy girl moved softly shadow woods carried bow quiver arrows boy tall girl head shoulder slim straight skin color copper black hair hung backs squirrel sat path ahead boy put arrow bow drew string let twang shot missed squirrel disappeared bushes boy stood moment pick arrow girl picked boy looking eyes narrow laugh asked laugh laughed missed squirrel brother saw village don send home laughed woods green flowers bloom glad hunting stop boy speeches father started feet deerskin moccasins sound heard pocahontas home let stay shoot game carry need remember shot turkeys helped carry walked send steps looked trees leaves
ago canoes palefaces talk village palefaces stayed canoes moved streams flowed bay everyday pocahontas climbed high beech tree river watched palefaces asking bring faster sitting tree mother women older girls busy fields village planted squash pumpkin seeds planted corn beans squash pumpkin vines covering ground corn growing tall bean vines climbing stalks women girls bent backs fields pulled weeds chopped hoes pocahontas worked easy thought hunted fished watched palefaces powhatan spies bay hid rocks trees night watched evening warrior brought news sat powhatan king house talked palefaces shore cutting trees building houses asked powhatan half walk warrior told finger land points river river bends powhatan mark ground stick yes surely foolish build houses powhatan land low wet
pocahontas older brother village uncle chiefs villages powhatan king met council house pocahontas asked meet talk war answered mean drive palefaces father says friends say war palefaces asked hears hears palefaces mean war days pocahontas saw signs war warriors talked secret strange night woke heard footsteps house heard gate open close morning told father left village night daughter ears sharp yes left early going hunt bring bear asked give skin asked need bed bring bear skin promised pocahontas happy younger sisters playing beech tree hunters bring bear told skin bed played sisters cool shade rings necklaces grass swung grapevine swings village played women girls fields
swimming pool lights turned colonel mrs roberts bed anderson kids bushes underwear moved silently moss smooth lawn tiled terrace edge pool stopped girl told beautiful stared shimmering water proudly pool discovered sees roy asked hiked underwear uneasily elastic sprung wasn sure safety pin going hold going dark shrugged didn matter anyway shallow end led end pool started steps cold roy clutched underwear tighter pulling chest abruptly johnny pulled want ladder started pool frowned slightly lately johnny started things called belatedly giving permission swim shallow end hear don want save won johnny took hold smooth metal ladder adult feeling entered water slowly cold pushed dog paddled roy turning head side side motion thought dog paddle look powerful play shallow end swimming johnny joined
want eat asked success evening feel maternal usual hall sound roy stamping feet stopped peanut butter sandwich quickly okay bananas want johnny johnny mumbled sleepily pajamas bed rolled face wall fell asleep roy getting ready sandwich smoothed sheet body carefully tablecloth wiped hands front shirt loved eat thought unexpected sandwich allow bedtime snacks face glow pleasure aid called polite voice kitchen bright light sink humming breath slicing banana placing slices neat rows peanut butter window reflection wet hair swinging face smiled happier tonight months taking care brothers summer moved neighborhood lonely task tonight fun brothers friends decided things summer vacation stretched ahead companionable fun filled finished making sandwich set top glass milk carried brother bedroom aid firmly handed sandwich milk roy thank roy polite food
johnny lay bed heard front door slam threw sheet going run roy lay staring ceiling felt deep resentment roy going didn want begged thought hurried catch angrier slowly walked living room roy waiting edge porch thought drawing mouth sneer turned rain stopped want mall merry round coupon roy importantly ride coupon babies ride merry rounds johnny roy mouth fell open stung insult turned true saying coupon johnny started kitchen aware roy making face screen door turn soon called don care johnny grumbled opened refrigerator door took milk drank directly carton allow walked father room looked father anderson lying bed underwear faint smile face dad
bert wife settle sand flat country black river bought homestead lot added side hill stretch country wooded rifts small brooks run river valley richer bottom land hill place hill call hill started farm bert put small barn cut spruce timbers clear grained spruce felled swamp place hauled sawed size length wanted board siding roof boards plain built barn light cracks siding roof tight frame solid find country fashioned mortises tenons pinned tight finished turned putting frame house replace log shack till put side hill bit barn front stoop east big swamp gray empty looking fall built house edge looked nothingness asked built house west side hill view river valley wide belt sand flat country age meant sun coming going
polly ann uncle tom daughter niece wouldn door house looking scratched barefoot oldest wasn sisters took chore chick knew difficult say ragged girl sweat streaked face lugging gallon pail berries bad watch sister door ask lady wasn berries offered woods chick felt begging thin birdlike voice hardened talked things tom thought pretty live folks picking berries poaching trout brook pond sticking chores barn fields garden small polly ann expected hunt cows bring home small place bred swiss cows brought europe ago thought pasture turned true walking couldn help comparing big holstein cows farm
tom drove polly ann morning days housework drew took uphill grade river bridge canal getting horse level going mill creek grade railroad crossing ringing trot coming town horses say dogs put ambition polly ann pulled depot mill standing railroad embankment mill creek running underneath stories high walled limestone clapboards weathered gray high enormous tall looked tom thinking barn big saw fourth story window peak sign lettered white black ground spring wagon told polly ann walk home job looked moment mouth working minute smile touched drew rump whip rattled street glancing sign tom turned narrow road mill team wagon drawn loading platform dumping feed bags box looking son asked overalls thick grain dust tom figured mill hands
plan worked fine girls acting sulky barn breakfast especially pail milk package polly ann saw pretty wrapped found part secret excited didn nice pretty looking past polly ann tom suggested finish milking bring pails fitted scheme told girls wait porch till heard kettle drop floor asked polly ann pardon wash hands sink took saucepan heating water stove hit edge sink let steaming water ran floor shoes pretended polly ann concerned mopping girls kitchen noticing thing sat breakfast feeling fine wasn school girls polly ann didn housework plan find christmas tree woods girls making chains cones snowflakes paper intended waved porch hitched team wagon tom seat turned yard
faces louis lit waiting message headed straight office door ahead hook ox deliberate finished tying bag barley pulled told tom finish likes party christmas eve explained tom figures business walked dimly lighted mill office ackerman stood counter arranged bar quart bottles whiskey glasses pitcher water chilling snow bottles bourbon scotch identified labels belle nelson usher green stripe ox asked bourbon hook asked usher looked tom moment cleared throat re kind young hard liquor tom worked real guess mite whiskey going hurt poured maybe half inch glass added liberal amount water helped raised glass merry christmas raised glasses echoing tom didn think whiskey tasted lot sooner glass polly ann birch beer raspberry vinegar drank put glass counter minute things blurred face suddenly consisted entirely eyebrows
talked slowly voice hard hear silent white summer recollect tom told nodded yes recall tom knowed mother polly ann family lived road spell livelier days glad tom set give tea run wood sat carefully chair end table sat summer settled tom asked haven wood mam appalled idea wondering cut wood nearby fetch house shook head plenty barn joe hemphill tatum boys cut cords fall stack snow stiffened tom gave smile showed wrinkled lips relief fetch fill woodbox stack supply front porch told kindly shovel front hall shovel barn door roll track inside bert close sixty ago started show told stay find things easy
wasn till sunday driving collect ladders tom realized buy shingles patch roof maybe dozen clapboards looked likely expenses money put place salary rest didn fixing house short stout red faced white hair left sounded talking water words coming mumbled bubbles burst recognizable sounds left mouth helped put ladders wagon accepted tom money tom met look pattern began speed sunday spent discussing color paint house favorite color didn matter original paint difference end decided white polly ann choice red trim cissie mae wanted house red ellie light blue accustomed giving sister tom ideas tom drove polly ann town noon drew barn house polly ann working garfield lumber mill buy bundle shingles dozen clapboards
winter spent part evenings studying big carpentry book bought carpenter square learned pictures squaring board angles holding figures edge board practiced making mortises tenons fit end winter box polly ann sewing things corners dovetailed diagrams drawings reading easier lessons girls brought home school game room teacher winter faster remember roads opened hang snowshoes woodshed wall money savings box didn amount bit twelve dollars figured place sale find money bid relieved billy bob baxter told place wasn april list saving likely fifty dollars bid place sunday foot rule measure barn foundation wrote figures small notebook cissie mae birthday heard house door slam looked saw standing porch looking think re boy asked
wasn christmastime tom found real buyer place didn find billy bob baxter lawyer ab lambert fronting told ab lambert acting land bordered sides place wanted fill boundary deal land thousand acres farm liked idea squaring property accounts afford york city spring chambermaid waitress cook laundress summer coachman paying attention chambermaid summer found especially pretty easy talk hoped persuade give returning city marry hopes dimmed stopped place night find address idea putting final plea paper course left winter thought parker ran farm big dairy herd tell touch girl parker didn turn help idea chambermaid give address parker longer interested subject mrs brought coffee chocolate cake talkative
early spring anton business leaving devil charge theo cleaned sorted letter blocks finished chores end afternoon ready close shop dwarf strutting riding coat swept boot heels enormous cocked hat perched side head stood hat included higher middle button theo jacket swagger took room half dozen taller theo glad size customer wish ask business stranger peering ink pots rattling wooden cases fingering stacks paper squinting sidelong press stopped hooked thumbs waistcoat declared voice half bullfrog half bass drum musket theo bemused stare dwarf snapped fingers musket dwarf shook head impatiently theo known told waved hand shop re printer suppose upper dismal call place sir began theo tell truth don mean printer devil re big say replied musket dwarf whipped hat burst ginger colored hair reached pulled number closely written scraps paper tossed counter pages theo glimpsed draft sort tract
midmorning sun burned fog valley land east theo calculated trudged miles weary travelers direction grateful obliged give account thing wanted violence wish compound violence truth told lie occurred sooner later lie outrageously put moment begun thinking wiser stay road altogether saw dappled gray mare trotting harness leathers trailing horse whinnied tossed head objection caught reins pulled animal clearly owner theo fatigue outweighed consideration hold girl belong sorry wanted fugitive bitterly added horse thief climbed awkwardly astride knowing horsemanship behaving criminal managed turn animal eastward glad piece fortune fortune blistered ridden mile legs strained footsore feet climbed walked horse ambled fondly blowing neck nudging pace slackened decide free animal driving saw past bend road coach pulled grassy shoulder
demon coachman brought hungry late wet morning repairs outlasted wheel threatened moment spring rainstorm begun pelting taking risk sending coach passengers ditch musket pressed ahead hunched box whistling teeth grinning undersized fiend oversized hat offered large inn storm looked traveler broken journey common room wet clothing bad cooking las musket theo elbowed chimney corner called loudly host count privacy coach changed uniform garments black set white wristbands chambers mynheer servants declared las landlord finally appeared message reserving landlord aback sight demon coachman dripping protested message case house full theo digested surprise count role expected las show indignation count merely sighed public post fault required suite finest apartments seek accommodation las stood casting eye travelers theo urged leave late find inn las shrugged patience boy looking pigeons oblige handing gold piece temporarily theo gave captain coin las quickly pocketed
bullet stopped ruts making sad sweeps tail turned main road ease redheaded boys sitting double daddy cutting horse planted firmly middle road statue headed general head belonged sammy kids laughed school brought turnip lunch peeped nearly grown brother tater tater stared heads ignoring papa nod daddy worked mrs papa dwindled held marble pose lena step mama murmured smarting papa nodded tater daddy fired gin drinking papa place creaked road folks passed looked mild curiosity lena gazed straight ahead tater wondering face night meant schoolhouse yard full wagons buggies lena jumped heavily smoothed dress hands damp cool october dusk hoisted roy swung baby arms late die walked loud boards faces orchard pink peaches turned couldn night log chain pushing kids door felt step mama hand drop shoulder spun surprise
rounds lena winslow thinking desperately recited moments find mind blank gleaned memory strong clean words flash sharp pictures slower harder finally felt words waiting distance stood silent began slowly black comely ye daughters jerusalem tents curtains solomon meant say home knew verses song solomon heart whispered empty fields rose sharon lily valleys whispered beautiful thin flower blooming hope love moments parted saw place waiting filled house twenty windows lap robe buggy hunting scene woven ducks children saying dreams saying win winslow jumped revelation verse verse song unable change head unbelievably winslow turn stood looking kelsey showing teeth sad careful smile lena felt coiling tight inside excitement kelsey stood uncertainly winslow asked yessir winslow startled release verse mind stuck boy minute winslow let say say
watched silence light face body cloud shadow slides field didn happen ask happen lived lena lifetime dirt south reconstructed loss vote sit trains live swear bible court white witnesses won touch holy words touch stumbled stranger shocked hear expose pain hiding beneath loving kindness wished stop knew couldn couldn let part put place belittled threatened lynched denied part wanted hanging trees children taught god meant inferior moved children spared thought lena feel past family tiny chip flying easier papa wasn proud gathered courage moved west hoping exodus promised land look color night stood equal person worked till excelled
august summer streets city crowded tourists speak english speak english read map recognize castle saw special exhibition castle month erica intend exhibition interested feet motor cycle park machines perfectly ordinary turned owners worked city left park cars rarer specimens seen triumph thunderbird golden wing erica forgotten stranger ridden sinister visored knight vincent black shadow girl electra glide simply sat blue leathers waiting admirers ambition indian turned actually owned fabulous beasts dream leaving public motor cycle park getting clock bikes leaving roaring st giles street wildly police station round corner stealthily tucked side city hall huge bmw saddle armchair elegant lunchtime finally claimed left worth looking yarmouth heard museum grounds castle galleries lined ancient rare spectacular cars motor cycles
erica scarcely remember occasion arrived car countryside looked top bus start flat hills mum careful description bus approached village written piece paper strict instructions lower deck ready bus stopped suppose stop erica likely midweek midday bus left stop mum change drivers longest stop bus village main road street narrow driver able lean window buy cigarettes shop side leaving bus routine event woman shop obviously expecting cigarettes ready left red white finger lighthouse stuck horizon point sea lay water tower shone white sunlight saw church towers left spires church norfolk spire mum cathedral
erica asked kitchen balanced draining board asked morning afternoon delivery arrived yesterday letter mum sign craig postcard written auntie joan shook head moved draining board begin sorting vegetables laid hands turnip rolled sink steam pile shifted slyly erica reminded mrs pearson coven house plants inside glass corner living room erica round night eye barry pearson mum nipped doctor sitting quiet room barry aged months asleep telly broken plants suddenly moved silently settling happened erica shifted chair sat watching quarters hour mrs pearson home half expecting skinny hand part stalks room green unimaginable face peer distorted thick flawed glass mrs pearson explained unusual plants growing leaves stalks tangled bent mrs pearson untangled erica reassured home soon
plunged going course cover weeks meeting wednesday afternoon explained taught help mothers real babies participants learn bathe dress feed diaper play handle infants coping emergencies stressed boy expected demonstrate warmth patience common sense humor thought wise include incentive boys complete course receive official certificate certify demonstrated confidence words getting bigger possibly request raise fees remuneration charge baby sitters class limited ten students encourage put high list alternatives wish course age added interesting sure agree agreement immediately apparent mean re actually going learn diaper baby asked ten yes answered jacob asked boy course yuck later sixth grade classroom boy loudly silly dolls shot deal added chance babies real girl stuff mind babies answered classmates graders listed consulting telling soul boys babies class began scheduled wednesday october poured rain babies anyway front pack stroller carriage
mother let month asked joey okay forrest softly care caroline seth cute mrs picked caroline carriage sat middle center mat caroline looked uncertainly boy mrs laid henry mat small front teacher desk babies coming asked michael think today rain answered mrs class taking care babies things comes yelled rick boys boys ssh mrs put finger lips let low low tone loud noises strange faces frightening babies matter frederick arrived stroller fourteen months mrs heavy dude wide receiver defensive guard decided luke look yawn champion okay look babies minute mrs enormous difference months age won find freddy walk caroline crawl henry sort lies don start taking jackets hats sweater quietly slowly caroline crying joey fussy days want truth driving bananas mrs coming cold cutting tooth think
caroline crying sat big mat middle room wailing think babies noise throats rick clamor let look mirror gordon think friend doll dylan softly babies music rick wondered sing noel angels say guess mom ticklish stop gordon feet tried rick look hands tiny hands dylan compared hand caroline look look small jeez look pinky nail turning red pick dylan rick mrs ah mrs ah caroline mother pick put hands arms yes mrs thumbs front thumbs dylan knelt hooked hands caroline arms fingers stiff thumbs stuck forward heaved raised inches mat going going dylan set caroline readjusted grip tried caroline face appeared shoulder dylan struggled feet jeez caroline gotta lose weight freddy caroline sobbed want sights window rick grinning faces caroline hooray stopped crying shouted look laughing laugh rick voice loud cautioned mrs hear
ago ten woke morning dark thinking describe entire person able tell earth father died days thanksgiving knew tell lately change begun feel help luck find reasons strangeness events point direction told uncle philip perplexed perplexity natural conditions asked perplexed discover replied wanted ask knew conditions speak victoria waste deal spend looking explain understand asked flashes glimpse expect folded green sweater dropped suitcase dreams added dream night told dreamed queen crown circlet brown pears buy market fall floating land covered mist dream means find country uncle philip shut suitcase set upright floor wish stay days
lost thinking places passed surprised find front school dark brick walls rising hear voices boys girls calling shouting laughing bell quiet mystery houses looked morning feel kind longing didn understand tried tell ma mystery lives week boston try papa insurance policy straightened passed deserted factory looked big dark windows cracked dusty wanted inside wander wanted worked maybe eighty ago talked worked alongside women children spring felt inside dusty darkness feel think answered told dog looked window ma laughed told papa dog ace married stare took walks terribly comical rattled found wandering street string tied neck stared happened ace
corridor suddenly filled changing classes turned math classroom bothering answer frank meant feel fretful fault math defended algebra frank wilson lost battles ended talking unfairness couldn hugh friends tried explain elizabeth glad friend boy re martians re argued absolutely conviction teacher stating principle algebra tell proud hugh friend felt chosen wasn seeing hugh busy graduation play ah wilderness eugene afternoon walking hill home happened glance blocks couldn tell looking stopped wait stopped puzzled walking looked turned home blocks standing arms straight stiff side began feel uneasy hugh called didn move didn call began walk rapidly face expression standing front opened mouth spoke flat cold voice
trouble living wrong side didn feel real american instance president united states didn want president wanted writer law saying person born united states president wouldn american actually american minute especially school hours british school morning sang god save king course british children loved singing gracious king ian forbes stuck chest sang saving king sang gina boss italian vera sebastian russian dressed russian girls ago revolution family run killed wasn vera sebastian asked mother write excuse wouldn sing wouldn rome romans meant don trouble sing sang fingers crossed felt traitor thought mother father truly rome wouldn romans try romans trying teach chinese americans mother gave classes american manners quit singing mouth locked tight king england
thinking lee bed didn bother private thoughts going bed andrea hulls believed fresh air sleeping porch family slept winter summer windows wide open sides room visit mrs hull slept room bed going sleep david andrea edward played pioneer roll beds semicircle fight horse thieves played war lined beds wounded maybe later usual tonight didn play andrea covers began shake head side side pillow sleep shake head tonight decided awake saw david sit jean whispered awake want ask favor couldn imagine david hull want understand wasn easy ask pale thin faced boy admit place hull family free natural ways want secret whisper turned hoarse pulled blanket bed wrapped sit bed millie yes comes orphans home thinking
wandered streets stores weighed big scale hankow dispensary found skinny hotel tried chairs lounge didn mind wandering half mind river junk junk began slipping questions mother find today skip school tomorrow sick kind lie abed sickness didn hurt arrived home planned opened door called home cheery normal scarcely house lin ran side hall mother lin felt arms expected broken mother face white happened asked looked open door living room saw miss williams sitting beaten home asked absence course scared mother piece reason mad took hand led living room miss williams school hung head cowards books mother dropped hand
fiddle started cheeks twitched fright served baron longer estate musician practically deaf lived constant terror found sebastian moaned friend colleague ah boy boy today days miss note worth skin sebastian clapped shoulder tub squeeze gold baron pretend play show leading play part easily baron wiser purse excellent haunch paunch hears past rumbling stomach glad help pitiful fiddle means unwilling pull harmless sebastian jumped livery snatched fiddle bow raced stairs saw master baron caught unawares rest household baron wig askew hastily tied pair reading spectacles hung pocket honor murmured baron sickly smile frozen face escorted royal treasurer grand hall honor coming goes capital regent health excellent splendid purse fat slabs jowls mouth wide toad heaved baron gold waistcoat bulging watches scarcely covered paunch thickly powdered wig crouched top head white breeches stretched tight bursting boots creaked tread
bewildered harshness punishment angry humbled hog head purse fearful lay store sebastian trudged legs led step help glancing shoulder hoping stable boys galloping shouting baron ordered return road lay empty slowed snail pace estate soon sight feet leading knew thing hope living lay bag baron called nimble fiddler sebastian thought spirits lifted told lost place bound find say won remembered fiddle saying locking small proud village band paid musicians flute claimed master count fine estate busy town spire excellent opera house theatre closest farthest greatest city realm offer fortune imagination kindled steps caught rhythm repeated locking spire soon began striding hopefully kicking pebble front making game keeping moving missing beat towns named danced mind
witch sebastian aback instant animal stopped struggling turned head watch steadily bright blue eyes mouth opened soundless cry sebastian closer poor creature tail exactly cat ears whiskers friend say bit cat witch fool snapped witch takes shape true poor choice replied sebastian care turn griffin gobble drew uneasily skimmerhorn took closer grip pole declared change shape black cat witches wizards favor turned black cat sebastian repeated don count dirt looks altogether white yes slyness show white put honest folk guard sure secretly black pitch common sense agreed solemnly nodding head black let find cunning seen gray striped mustard piebald cats white blue eyed unnatural fool blue yellow speckled green escape burly skimmerhorn burn deeds show devil nature witch
idea fired sebastian imagination saw mounted high spirited stallion galloping countryside ready set instantly clapped nicholas cried say fiddler regent chance sooner ride captain scrape noble idiot orchestra friend find captain join nicholas eagerly agreeing looked uncomfortable captain ah doubt bold fellow challenge regent joining matter quiet price head regent heels saying took sebastian arm began gently firmly leading highway faster pace sebastian fell silent friend reluctance hate part nicholas resolved seek captain road soon nicholas anxious reach quickly closer town unwilling appeared enter re strange traveler sebastian remarked puzzled nicholas deliberately turned road outskirts began making hedges ditches grant royal highway royal crawling brambles approaching town altogether direction sooner sebastian glimpse market square nicholas halted drew
repeated assurances bloodshed likelihood nicholas soon succeeded dispersing onlookers barber case arm sniffing business hopeful ministrations needed sebastian calmed look closer adversary grown saw lad fully head shorter disheveled black hair tumbled pale frightened face boy jacket excellent quality outrageous fit reached knees nearly breeches belted shirt fine white lawn meant stouter wearer youth ready moment disappear clothes exclaimed sebastian pup cub lad narrow escape pounded pulp let lesson trifling elders nicholas stepped closer boy quiet voice harm surely excitable friend run risk traveling yes tell put sebastian glance re runaway apprentice sort hurry master nicholas began chuckle apprentice think runaway yes say sebastian repeated nicholas wits taking baker boy printer devil girl
sebastian cry brought nicholas running isabel close girl nicholas commanded knelt innkeeper sought vainly sign princess clapped hand mouth cheeks paled eyes wavered sebastian felt knees tremble head start echoing spinning turn toes managed catch hold toppled found princess astonishingly light arms barely stagger innyard lowered isabel cobbles wondered desperately princess feet murdered stable moment glimpsed barber coming doorway golden stag help ho sebastian cried glad fellow nauseating leeches willingly honor called barber eagerly setting yard smiling simpering worth trying bow ran shaken grim sight stable sebastian realized barber discover slight figure boy garments boy heed heed sebastian shouted waving fellow distance anxious stay clear earlier call help barber overjoyed unexpected business easily put fashion set case ground peered isabel honor remarked licking lips satisfaction easily remedied
fellows righted nimble somersault bear left dancing loosened hold bowed solemnly gazing sebastian pair sad brown eyes arrival clapped hands sebastian trying catch breath saw florid faced enormous hawk nose dark eyes bushy brows black bristling mustache tips nearly twined ears rakish angle top billowing white wig sat cornered hat trailing yellow plumes sweeping headpiece bowed grandly cried ringing voice quicksilver greets adam famous dancing bear superb trainer winkler renowned inimitable star company quicksilver person manager director throwing cape show bright purple waistcoat orange facings brass buttons close fitting breeches means known admired corner hamelin loring flower delight rose madame sophie brandishing plumed hat quicksilver stepped plump woman doorway sebastian eye rose means bloom tight fancy bodice threatened give moment despite quicksilver claims sebastian heard madame sophie troupe matter continued quicksilver exchange simple repast put spirits effort opening eyes thousands journeyed leagues witness
sebastian exclaimed ah quicksilver believe moonshine fiddle fiddle strings wood dropped knees drew violin pile caught breath hands trembled instrument beautiful seen perfection believe eyes wood dark deeply richly varnished ran lighter grain flame glowing scroll carved woman face lovely lifelike speak turned quicksilver play games wax noses gems paste fiddler true masterpiece splendid piece impresario agreed yes boy doubt heart break break cried sebastian quicksilver speak smashing madness wish quicksilver answered wanted destroyed sebastian asked ah re joking fiddler give prize hands fellow grave replied quicksilver happier resting place found seen split sides laughing beg stop let catch breath beg cracking smile
began bowing strings voice fiddle rose splendidly meant try simple air instrument sang melody choosing flowed violin shaft sunlight bright sound filled heart drew sky blinding brilliance carved head alive lips moved wordless song full meaning escaped words understood fragments yearned hear played guess place vanished hamelin loring grown suddenly real meshes music held willing captive stopped joy bearing silence lowered bow nearly cry loss standing paces watching tumbler gave scornful grimace leave split ears spoil digestion curt motion head fiddler mean travel sebastian spell music blinked acrobat witless deaf wagon wait fiddler pleasure raised hand sebastian step forward adding let understand quicksilver judgment fondness musicians let pair ne er wells dropped mind star turn put thought head
spring carla river valley matter opinion begun gently dusk theo reached inn spitting hard grainy snow sure horse decently carried baggage public room fire traveler sat carefully scraping boots face patch gray hair kind steady reliable journeyman minded business theo stopped short steady reliable journeyman theo saw galloping maniac stolen cavalry mount shirt bloody tatters theo dropped travel case luther recognized instant couple strides greet looking easy familiarity latest fashion luther glance took stained cloak scuffed boots wouldn theo grinned haven months future prince dozen lackeys theo worked hard stealing clothes selling finally court place lazy rascal lad brings carla col want mountains don think re admire scenery business theo knew press explanations asked
heard demanded general advises eager serve offers troops search valley soon majesty specific information words replied tell theo find dr torrens watched concern girl slight frame narrow jutting shoulders looked street sparrow imperial eagle unlike mother queen beauty glance times pale blue eyes air crackle show bearing presence sovereign chose quick mind absorbed lighted speculated strongest royal line learn torrens thought sadly hard lesson urge majesty put personal cares ruler neglect affairs affairs heart monarchy continues heart telling cried supposed business usual theo missing exactly telling torrens broke bluntly father believed dead lost grief nearly lost kingdom private concerns remain queen foremost tone softened waiting easier answer white haired chief minister laid stack documents desk begin question baron landholdings dealt
ram magnificent specimen horns thick forearm curling shaggy brow deep coated white fleece lay side outcropping rocks dead hunting costume gun loaders local foresters walked briskly stony ground afternoon sunlight sparkled blue white peaks high range eastern border hunters leagues frontier neighboring kingdom regia bravo general duke conrad regia clapped hands stocky ruddy cheeks excellent shot elusive beasts rarely sees favorable omen visit congratulate highness promised hunting general tended large heavy face prominent cheekbones eyes especially bright sharp habit slightly lips look taste pleasant disappointed certainly matter game baron tallest party eldest showed trace age finely drawn features hunting part bored strode companions expression polite indulgence face disappointed assure conrad largely agreement small matters settled quickly happily halted paces ram watching animal struggled lift head thrust horns duke conrad turned locals call creatures rock rams
bridge asked crossed morning tear burn stop considered witz begun scribbling numbers scrap paper tactical viewpoint highly desirable fellow military maniac las muttered re trying save necks arithmetic beg report witz moments estimated rate march applying factor takes infantryman pass point distance advance column throwing laundry lists phases moon cried las point routine staff replied witz looking wounded sir part duties ah according calculations cross bridge destroy overtake beg report infantry companies remain side abandon demanded killed presumably witz jotted row figures expected casualty rate yes loss nearly total circumstances acceptable acceptable returned find numbers colonel want bridge scratching head chewing moustache witz returned calculations midst musket urged bridge pounded coach roof signaling dwarf halt musket reined flung open door jumped
beamed blushed enchanted justin finished business promising speak later ended council declared trust putting farewell feast victory banquet stock jumped feet names nom de speaks romantic poet call valiant rest stock idea put wiser real names known thought moment leave choice poet begin stock offer noblest falcons peregrine bowed russet divinity dauntless dragon luther fitting bird wisdom bearer tidings gods raven laundress surely bird injury mislead enemies justin propose fierce butcher bird shrike claim legendary creature rises ashes happens ensign poems eager public phoenix stock red face consequence oration sat looking vastly pleased companions cheered clapped hands reminding theo boisterous gatherings tavern solemn council war felt left days longed called children
weasel sat cross rim fountain delighted spend afternoons augustine square observing passing crowd moment reflective philosophical frame mind sparrow wondering girl kicked bare heels stones younger brother wore shapeless garment sacking legs spindly knees pair clenched fists answer attention engaged street accident coach peddler cart seeing fatalities noteworthy injuries finally lost interest turned pointed foxy face weasel giving superior indulgent look knowledgeable wonder weasel pursued speculation want grow grown weasel bosoms sparrow tossed head want weasel hesitated bashful revealing goal sister dream grand eyes fixed distant invisible star voice hushed awesomeness ambition worked hard sparrow truly studied thief sparrow snorted weasel fancy worthy entering exalted company thieves overweening pride required correction considered smacking expressed doubt loud blast pursed lips think retorted weasel indignant exposed golden secret scorn don practicing
keller braced outburst sparrow weasel sat silent watching round eyes journalist felt twinge disappointment protested wept pleaded possibly reconsidered understand things weasel envied going splendid outing stood awe say sparrow devastated hear girl sobbing later room water rats hard blow survived swamps keller days sparrow realized terrible misunderstanding hurry forgot forgetting madam bertha told forgot uncork bottle poured madam bertha says head didn attached neck think forgot course sparrow important thing underwear keller thinks underwear important forgot ask weasel eyes lit word reflection face fell told stay shows remember sparrow told behave didn say keller likes figure things helped going help keller helped expected help think asked weasel hope returning sparrow declared
guard raised musket bridge crosses papers couple spies case bang bang end sparrow interest spies papers asked find war guard thought witty sort fellow questioned pair young fools danger decided amuse expense sentry duty boring occupation scratched chin depends re looking asked sparrow don suppose trouble wasn biggest sparrow ah fine big moment company pack tavern drop king crown find war want tell sparrow took weasel arm hustled direction port war keller taverns lot suggested weasel guard blockhead left serves weasel stole watch sparrow halted give weasel shaking wretch re thief anymore shame keller say complained weasel case keller wanted port home ground pair water rats knew dock landing stage weasel forgot reprimand sniffed reek delight
keller told happened meeting honors re feel obligation thanks refuse debt insist cancel obligation added obligation believe brotherhood freedom justice chance friend turning words facts lives seen monarchy asked keller torrens friend begun taking steps noblest intentions turn monarchy tyranny sit watch reason happens monarchy makes difference run fall sooner later beginning believe welcome finds easier laugh believe replied keller find wish believe try case deplorable lapse regret say owe owe find place staff decline honor keller public figure creator prefers private soldier moments don relish putting risk afford lose
curled heap wood shavings comfortable carpenter boot ribs carpenter voice ear wake tell crawled shavings rubbing sleep sawdust eyes unrolled cap wadded pillow nicholas stumped workbench beckoned lad follow thinking nicholas began cried ruin brain carpenter cleared throat began thinking getting younger suppose told want apprentice quick strong boy teach trade town carpenter place boy carpenter yawned wake tell blockhead hammer nail talking burst laughing sneezing sawdust pounding thumbs flat idler favor plague honest stop stop bear glanced whispered told wants news spread terrible ailment makes ill word fits rolled eyes clutched belly coming hurry nicholas antidote broiled sausage safety quit playing fool carry re offered decent living suppose grinned happened sausage nicholas means boring hurts tastes bad
flight brought crest lay sea churning rocks jetty forward narrowing trail forced riders dismount climb foot cast defense hope block path pursuers clambered eye fell boulders half buried earth gripped bent strength trying dislodge send rolling gap tugged wrestled flung weight rock began shift bed instant felt loosen fingers slipped sprawling backward head struck ledge solidly town smith struck hammer anvil sighed happily delicious moment waking opening eyes burrowed deeper pillows pulled shoulders sat bolt upright head throbbed fingered lump skull sea girl angry eyes horsemen couch carpets piled cushions clothed loose shirt embroidered vest trousers front hung curtain jumped feet cautiously drew brightness dazzled shafts sunlight fell rows high arched windows gleaming pillars saw crowding chamber coats skirts swept tiled floor women trailing silks red green pink side alcove stood ranks guards costumed chasing
court astrologer puzzled king palace place town persisted fearing line questioning baffle astrologer royal city replied matchless pearl realm mean called country truly supposed rule naturally trouble mind wonder age share burden ministers loyal obedient news anyway yes river compassion love admire required governors vice governors magistrates vice magistrates judges constables executioners sure hesitated reluctantly admitted true province ah northern tribes styled king contrary troublesome say bazaar cross deal devil scholars believe thinness mountain air disturbed brains allowed authority women set askew case ferocious madmen hills reassured pressed coming foretold king throne twenty days ago king died heir replied kinsmen royal blood event law custom sacred duty falls court astrologer determine king found recognized
arrival attended usual ground kissing part court officers vizier clenched seating demanded nature case hand called master royal secretary answered street juggler public thief vagabond asked accused thievery bad verse worse steal purse glibly put greater felon melon judge meaner crime rhyme guard cuffed head critic muttered cuffed grand vizier turned insolent rogue bazaar worthless wretch worm worthless replied bother guilty high crimes king declared low sure noticed king grand vizier king ministers royal secretary assured case read aloud parchment affirming detained thanks vigilance commander willfully maliciously recited poems bazaar poem exclaimed punishment read recite aforesaid poem officers royal court secretary specifically center universe waved secretary indictment comes high treason case clear
grinned piece common sense heard tiger wants hack palace court astrologer tangled comets horoscopes true kings ah true true sense say horse gallops wind seen wind gallop true plenty talk bazaar say ordered killed wouldn put past wouldn feel comfortable king risky sprawling couch feet forget servant cloak generosity shoulders deprivation need clothes yes saying sure exactly wrong week set palace routines wheedled special cooks badgered tailors fittings poked pried nook cranny rummaged charts disputed astrologer predictions perfectly voice scowl dodged leaving lash empty air managed avoid altogether prudent stretch luck breaking hand wanted busied curling moustache picking teeth royal dagger oiling shaven scalp gleamed
figure sprang shadows attacker face moment interested mind pair took heels glib feet rhymes raced plunged headlong gate slammed shut hastily locked stopped running royal chambers safety king quarters took regain calm paced frowning cracking knuckles unsettled repair frayed moustache thought critics muttered public bound offend hazard trade knife ribs verses vizier swore tongue settle neck yes shaken thought dagger tree knife meant watched knew found palace true couldn guessed lucky unlucky chance birds stone wants rid don forget shark minnow happier rid find idea personally distasteful wiser handed place killing royal duties answered devil told king
mouth watering hurried jehan heels drew closer hear babble voices glimpsed number travelers sitting ground cook fires outdistanced companions halted suddenly turned face ashen jehan cried ran saw cook fires smoldering piles baggage bales bundles ripped open contents scattered plain pack camels stripped loads horses swaybacked remained travelers huddled dust wandered aimlessly heaps garments goods wounded jehan tended look caravan leader joined minutes later dead murmured dozen khan band robbers butchers thought south doubt exactly hour sooner thick matter left caravan morning realized narrow escape agitated trembling shaking head muttering survivors numbering hundred collected goods able carry ragged procession started foot fugitives plodded sake concealment safety forlorn company provided jehan salvaged torn caftan ruined baggage pass easily young groom camel driver
beggar shouted won harm returned horse trader won buying seen buy depending suit word whisper horse ear put ear close animal mouth horse whinnied nodded eagerly yes yes sure tell demanded tossing chicken bone seized collar talking horse re half wit knock half head generous prince horse traders replied thank fine mare told need eh grunted itch scratch nag say word speak language pity fortunate equine purveyors rich rich soon squinted money let beard fall don share treasure bushel mare tells creatures secrets matter asking understanding say doubt prove stay slipping grasp bewildered trotted angle city hall sight leaned stones whistled pass
troubling fold tent roll carpet horse trader leaped astride mare horse trailing set north fast swaybacked steed carry soon lost sight cloud dust whistled jehan seeing mistress whinnied joyfully girl flung arms neck wagged head admiration told dealt king blunders fig stealer disastrous horse trader say re matchless wrong crowing spoiled fool bargain missed grumbling asked gift dagger fool errand true throw saddle jehan turned reluctantly grateful unharmed suffers fruitless ride satisfy greed noble times nobler prudent re showing sense cried girl looking considerably respect shown help feeling puffed smiled hope learned look find news bazaar handed dagger
wheeled bike window looked glass inside bright cheerful fluorescent lighting stocked books wood parts floor visible dark brown carpet laid counter inside window bookseller sat arguing phone small sign white card front window offered buy books stipulated clean condition examined contents window bookseller covered mouthpiece telephone hand shouted don lean bike glass aback felt answering wasn going polite wheeled bike propped shop wall thinking re shopkeepers wouldn mind actually seen break window bike picture conjured smile smiling shop opened door bookseller scowled shop filled books shelves tightly packed boxes piles books stacked low walls allowing bare passage shelves middle moved picking book dip length shop door stood open leading small room intrigued inside dark room
shut eyes tight squeezed lids strength manage eyes tight tight opened suddenly looked commandingly page saw snake thought writing odd didn look painted page looked carved carved green glass extraordinary moment moment vivid brilliant thing curtains pulled invisible hand snake wished seen thin twisted intricate looping patterns head looked alive pretending split tongue flicker eyes slide fraction inch pinpoint light appeared eyes flared blue spark stared grew bigger light appeared power hold draw perilous compelling horror found unable resist eyes vanished pulled dark forest trees alive pale wicked flowers waited catch hold hideous grasses reaching whip round ankles imprison forever auntie bina finished prayers bed springs creak ordinary thing broke dream pieces woke find page
figures appeared walking small hill figures dressed looked jumble sale woman tom tinkers murmured wearing remains battered hat ragged faded mackintosh tattered trousers fluttering thin ankles wearing pair torn tennis shoes socks buttonhole enormous pink rose face split smile ecstatic happiness woman wearing motley found rubbish tips topped outrageous hat flower wild pinned overpowered masses dandelions looked bowl flowers top head played banjo red concertina tied string fastened big button coat dangled swung round knees rhythm swaggering dancing walk singing lark morning voice sounded young age dancing held hem tips mack dainty spinning turn song finished neared children clapped hands laughed flung air caught point walking stick twirled round times bowed children amid flowers crown woman hat pure beauty blackbird song
known thought grimly fog particles atoms flowing mouth thin cold stream narrow white river filled kind moving direction found looking eyes pulled glass case eyes cold dark colour wet granite cold dark grey winter sea pupils strange eyes watched began gleam ovals hard shiny metal softness gentle colour brown eyes began gleam fog changed direction began flow inside mare watched spellbound suddenly totally unafraid soon vanished completely wisp remained show mare shook eyes brown red glints tiny fires walked stable door stepped night lifted beautiful head smelled night air turned searching direction started gallop fields flynn place spite thrilling watch magnificent moved slow motion mane tail streamed lightest silk picture beauty movement
young sir angler sitting bushes roadside felt wave pleasure seeing looked interest fella warned crossroads sharply hoped angler realize wasn rude ignorant angler chuckled fella bush house bygones hearty friend bones audacious laughed wheezing laugh ruptured bagpipe older highways byways older ring ring rosie older boats older known thought looking intently face wrinkled curly cabbage lines chicken leg face going red embarrassment angler didn mind mind truth manners seldom face smiled wrinkled wrinkles looked delicate perfect reminded poppy petals newly opened creased papery especially babies finished winked luckily didn catch meaning knew excusing didn eel angler thanks didn damage anyway yes willing party say
noticed ordinary street poorest seen eyes dark rags pale gaunt faces crowd wore unusual dress gentlemen looking proud riding fine horses past corners past cathedral st nicholas myra crush lost sight oak leaves didn bridge left high street making quick decision grabbed ran full tilt high street looking ways cross street intersection streets opened space fewer dozens thatched white houses built place galway thought sudden insight times think seeing times galway galway today turned left cross street left bridge minutes river bridge rushed mad white froth sea higher level rainiest weather moved bridge river moving endlessly forward built bridge anyway funny thing don thought
walked straight rock ass line saw cleft structure hard distinguish main colour rock didn vary split wasn edge edge overlapped front part feet nearer section bushes plants root rock reached gap tangled helped hide match patterned wallpaper finn breach obliged turn left immediately walked twisting narrow deep passage thinking hiding place hard hounds find knew safely hear telling ass afraid passage grew narrower understood panniers simply wasn room spare path sloped upwards gradually finally stepped open sunshine find finn sitting waiting popped moment ass heels finn hidden valley standing rim enormous bowl looked broad shallow valley bare trees scrub vast mosaic small stony fields road ran ahead slightly winding
nearing cottage surprised hear loud howls coming suddenly half door flew open small shirt tails ran thin lark legs twinkling grass fast seen pursued big fat woman waving enormous arms threateningly shouting baby reached apple tree flash perched branch looking cornelius thundered hannah moment meekly ye twelve sided article roared agin hannah explained spat dinner woman break pieces comes tea ah hannah wheedled yes fat woman puck pluck re asking puck pluck hannah marched inside cottage slammed half door wan ye soap water children forever scrubbin skin duds tubs soapsuds till sunset hands looking grey crepe arms looking red bolsters look face stop clock whipped britches going sit bacon cabbage spit dinner asked replied emphatically
sudden loud banging turned automatically look place wondering caused shaken shuddered force realized door shut barred night saw peculiar shape coming hall walked lady standing close handed enormous key dangling girdle earlier moment held key hands muttered looked odd crazy whispered thought fancy dress heard lady say charity walkers proper stragglers supper put bloody turret finished disturb asleep dormitories strange shape listened nodded turned table found dismay quietly served supper looking warm covered dishes set tray silver plated tea things pot hot tea lidded jug hot water looked listen wanted explain wasn serving groups guests stopped sneaking looks appeared entirely indifferent
luckiest things happen think happy childhood happy childhood home garden loved wise patient nanny father mother loved dearly success marriage parenthood looking feel house truly happy house largely due father father agreeable quality stressed nowadays tend ask clever industrious contributes community counts scheme things charles dickens puts matter delightfully david copperfield brother agreeable peggotty enquired cautiously agreeable exclaimed peggotty ask question friends acquaintances surprised seldom answer agree peggotty answer father truly agreeable result contact enjoyed measure happiness modern standards father approved lazy days independent incomes independent income didn expected strongly suspect father working anyway left house morning club returned cab lunch afternoon club played whist afternoon returned house dress dinner
recognized kindly slow family reactions mother sister unusually quick inarticulate difficult assemble words wanted say agatha terribly slow cry true knew accepted worry distress resigned slow twenty realized home standard unusually high actually quick quicker average inarticulate writer real sorrow parting age actually known eighty estate urging retire offered comfortable cottage property sister live days finally decision quit missed terribly wrote short badly written ill spelled note writing spelling terribly difficult letters originality practically darling miss hope tony flea lots lots love kisses agatha mother provided stamp letters moved gentle protest
curious look varying incidents scenes multitude odds ends mattered lies selection memory makes choose things remembered trunk full junk attic plunged hands ask remember say journey abroad surprised answers remember boy fifteen son friends paris part spring holidays returned fatuous friend family usual jovial accent inflicted young boy impressed paris remember replied immediately chimneys chimneys chimneys houses england point view perfectly remark later started studying artist visual detail impressed paris london memory brother home east africa brought native servant anxious show simple african glories london brother hired car sitting drove round london displayed westminster abbey buckingham palace houses parliament hyde park finally arrived home think london
question arose mother afford live think mother judgment thought definitely bad thing stay house need repairs future difficult manage small income difficult sell house buy smaller house devonshire cost run leave amount money exchange price add income mother business training knowledge lot common sense children madge brother writing india protested violently selling begged home couldn bear part sister husband spare mother small addition income madge summers help running expenses finally touched think violent love mother gave rate try suspect mother cared place live passion cathedral towns fond father holiday touring cathedral towns think father believe enjoyed idea living smaller house
rule wear stockings bathed don french girls stockings unable vigorous kicks swimming stockings dangling toes sucked altogether wrapped round ankles emerged think french girls saw bathing fashion plates owed fact actually swam walked gently sea parade beach pathetic tale told council meeting question mixed bathing final approval vehement opponent finally defeated quavered plea say mayor ere mixed bathing carried decent partitions bathing machines low madge bringing jack summer bathed practically rained blew gale bathed fact rough enjoyed sea soon innovation catch tram bottom burton road harbour twenty minutes walk jack started complain taking cab train beach certainly sister horrified tram haven walk beach nephew sigh say breath mum stingy side
soon home paris mother illness usual manner doctors diagnosed appendicitis gallstones things times brink carted operation table treatment improve condition constantly operations mother amateur doctor brother ernest working medical student helped mounting enthusiasm doctor end give idea owing fact stand sight blood mother practically fully trained minded blood wounds physical eye noticed dentist mother queen tatler immediately seized british medical journal table finally losing patience medical attendants don think don think thing doctors hands succeeded finding doctor call biddable kind soon able announce advised sunshine warm dry climate egypt winter informed set letting house fortunate expenses travelling fairly low days cost living abroad easily covered high rent asked
archie broke news engagement sang praises sons apt describing girl choice peg looked doubtful eye rich irish voice girls wearing newfangled peter pan collars uneasily archie admit wear peter pan collars feature moment girls abandoned high collars blouses stiffened zigzag bones side leave red uncomfortable marks neck determined daring achieve comfort peter pan collar designed presumably turned collar worn peter pan play fitted round bottom neck soft material bone heaven wear called daring think reputation girls incurred showing inches neck chin incredible looking round seeing girls beach makes realize fifty anyway ahead girls wore peter pan collar looks lovely loyal archie ah doubt peg doubts account greeted extreme kindness thought gush
left develop turned attention detective detective reviewed detectives met admired books sherlock holmes able emulate lupin criminal detective anyway kind young journalist mystery yellow room sort person invent schoolboy difficult scientist scientists remembered belgian refugees colony belgian refugees living parish tor bursting loving kindness sympathy arrived stocked houses furniture live comfortable usual reaction later refugees sufficiently grateful complained fact poor things bewildered strange country sufficiently appreciated suspicious peasants thing wanted asked tea drop wanted left able wanted save money dig garden manure intimate detective belgian thought types refugees refugee police officer retired police officer young
settled rosalind jessie lucy arrived addison mansions started family search ended look unfurnished flat permanent home course easy fact hellishly difficult soon heard rushed rang wrote letters dirty shabby broken imagine living ahead circled london hampstead kensington st john wood bus tour visited estate agents began anxious furnished let months mrs married daughter children returned likely let longer find lucky secured secured flat battersea park rent reasonable owner miss llewellyn moving month actually content sooner moving flat part london settled counted chickens soon terrible blow befell fortnight date moving heard miss llewellyn unable flat turn unable chain reaction severe blow days telephoned miss llewellyn news
prince listened tale arrow love unseen girl struck heart moment ill fate gathered round moths round light brought horse fleet breeze dawn set willing foot stirrup safety rode days thorn love heart lovers grew faint feeble confidants searched heart lifted veil face love set matter father king son prince loves distractedly princess daughter king son told king doings mist sadness clouded king mind son thing place send courier friendly letters king ask hand daughter send abundance gifts string camels laden flashing stones rubies bring suite give solace king unwilling give pour whirlwind soldiers bring consequential girls prince plan answer riddle king wise weighty matter allow prince set accompanied persons confidence
important piece business journey makes pray god tell saint saw prince moved learn youth caucasus dependency demons road till forks hand left middle path follow night column marble slab inscribed characters written beware disobedience gave wishes journey blessing prince kissed feet bye thanks took road night saw column rise silent beauty heavens wise prince skilled tongues read inscription travellers known column set tablet give true directions roads pass ease let hand path left trouble reach goal delay woe chooses middle path thousand lives save hazardous leads caucasus endless road beware
travelling stages days reached plain marvellous beauty refreshment carpeted flowers roses tulips clover lovely lawns running water choicest place earth filled wonder tree seen branches alike bore flowers fruit thousand kinds reservoir fashioned sorts stone touchstone pure stone marble flowed water attar prince felt sure place dismounted turned horse loose graze ate food drank stream lay sleep dozing aroused neighing pawing horse clearly mountain dragon heavy breast crushed stones beneath putty remembered thousand names god took bow case arrows quiver bound dagger firmly waist hung solomon round neck set arrow string released force monster eye notch dragon writhed belched evil vapour beat ground head till earth quaked prince took arrow shot throat draw breath sucked prince maw striking distance drew sword committed god struck mighty blow cut creature neck gullet
ago side young left camp lived food wives children sun hot liked heat ran races tried hurl spear farthest cleverest throwing strange weapon called boomerang returns thrower fast rate presently reached flat place flood full water height summer set pools surrounded fringe plants bulrushes standing inside country fond roots bulrushes think onions young collect roots carry camp weave tops willows basket going wade water pull bulrush roots youth suddenly called waste fit women children let roots fish eels delighted rest party began arrange fishing lines bark yellow mimosa search bait hooks worms put piece raw meat dinner skin wallet cut bit baited line unseen companions cast patiently receiving single bite sun grown low sky home empty handed basket roots show youth baited hook raw meat suddenly saw line disappear water
south sun shines hotly sleeps forests silent early morning late evening country lived young maiden girl born town scarcely left young native country city river find months arrival days cooler sleep usual feast held town feast flocked thirty miles walked rode beautiful golden coaches splendid dresses red blue wreaths flowers rested hair youth present occasion stood silently watching graceful dances pretty games played young watched noticed girl dressed white scarlet hair lovelier rest feast young returned home manner strange drew attention friends youth continued girl face throwing ball companions threading danced night sleep fled tossing hours bed plunge deep pool lay forest
excited slept night streak dawn ran fast river heart beat quickly dogs dared look disappointed fish thought pangs hunger feel sick fear need afraid mesh net fine fat fish course net heavy lift corner threw fish water buried hole stone sure find rolled net rest put carried home weight load caused ache thankful drop hut rushed full joy tell grandmother quick clean tents side water woman stared horror listened proposal tried steal fire lives contrary expectations managed catch number fish thought magic try hinder fish fetched net laid dry folded small ran river hoping find place narrow jump soon saw wide jumper
answered sulkily told going drive milk grass afraid disobey parents likely beat beasts sure suffer beaten took axe tiny earthen bowl cut small hole side gushed milk fill bowl milk wanted going sulking corner grumbled drown fly times trembling fright returned tree struck sharp blow axe instant poured stream milk ran river hut cried help plug hole milk left father mother stop soon milk flowing hut downhill parents fields saw white stream guessed happened wife wife called loudly woman working distance running fast hill mischief children sure home find matter threw hoes hurried side
wolverine walking hill side turning corner suddenly saw large rock heard walking asked cautious animals reasons things certainly answered rock don walk saw walking continued wolverine afraid taught speak truth retorted rock need speak seen walking replied wolverine sure catch ran distance stopped rock pursuing vexation rock place wolverine close struck rock blow paw saying catch walk roll answered rock wolverine laughed began run side mountain slowly give rock chance thought soon quickened pace found rock heels faster wolverine ran faster rock rolled creature began tired sorry left rock thinking manage put spurt reach forest trees bottom mountain rock gathered strength running leaped sticks stones rock close
late remarked women mistress turning lackeys bade find bed youth answered prince bench hall empty lay minutes soon quiet palace took hair wished bee shape flew upstairs past guards keyhole princess chamber turned dreadful sight princess broad awake began scream loudly cried guards rushed bumble bee buzzing room looked bed curtains cupboards conclusion princess bad dream bowed door scarcely closed bee disappeared handsome youth stood place knew hidden cried princess screamed loudly shrieks brought guards looked kinds impossible places seen told princess moment ago saw eyes guards dared contradict shook heads whispered princess mad subject saw table chair minds let scream loudly notice
parallel term culture shock begun creep popular vocabulary culture shock effect immersion strange culture unprepared visitor peace corps volunteers suffer borneo brazil marco polo suffered cathay culture shock happens traveler finds place yes mean fixed price negotiable waiting outer office insult laughter signify anger happens familiar psychological cues help individual function society suddenly withdrawn replaced strange incomprehensible culture shock phenomenon accounts bewilderment frustration disorientation plagues americans dealings societies breakdown communication reality inability cope culture shock mild comparison malady future shock future shock dizzying disorientation brought premature arrival future important disease tomorrow future shock found index listing psychological abnormalities intelligent steps combat millions human beings find increasingly disoriented progressively incompetent deal rationally environments malaise mass neurosis irrationality free floating violence apparent contemporary merely lie ahead understand treat disease future shock phenomenon product greatly accelerated rate change society arises superimposition culture
discovery application impact discovery chain reaction change sharply rising curve acceleration human social development thrust reached level longer stretch imagination regarded normal normal institutions industrial society longer impact shaking social institutions acceleration important understood social forces half story speedup change psychological force totally psychology rising rate change disturbs equilibrium altering experience acceleration translates acceleration illustrated highly oversimplified fashion think individual channel experience flows flow experience consists conceived consisting innumerable situations acceleration change surrounding society drastically alters flow situations channel neat definition situation find impossible cope experience mentally cut manageable units boundary lines situations indistinct situation wholeness integration situation identifiable components include things physical setting natural objects situation occurs place location arena action occurs accidental latin root means place social situation definition cast characters
responses lead psychological effect witnessing wholesale creation objects designed serve series short term purposes single throwaway items big expensive discard constructed dismantled board education los decided fully percent city classrooms future temporary structures moved needed major united states school district today temporary classrooms temporary classrooms school construction industry paper dresses clothing industry future purpose temporary classrooms help school systems cope rapidly shifting population densities temporary classrooms disposable clothes imply thing relationships shorter duration past temporary classroom teaches absence teacher barbie doll child vivid lesson impermanence surroundings sooner child internalize knowledge classroom fits surrounding architecture desks feel hot sound reverberates subtle smells textures individualize structure lend reality structure physically removed environment serve children place mobile classrooms purely american phenomenon england architect cedric price designed calls entirely mobile university intended serve students north staffordshire
middle range education affluence find certainly mobile agricultural populations nonetheless stable find high rising rates turnover groups characteristic future scientists engineers highly educated professionals technicians executives managers recent study reveals job turnover rates scientists engineers research development industry united states approximately high rest american industry reason easy detect precisely technological change point obsolescence knowledge rapid westinghouse believed called half graduate engineer ten meaning fully half learned outdated decade high turnover characterizes mass communications industries especially advertising recent survey american advertising found percent changed jobs reflecting rapid consumer preferences art copy styles product lines musical chairs game played england circulation personnel agency occasioned cries alarm industry agencies refuse list employee regular served full dramatic change overtaken ranks management insulated jolts fate afflicted fortunate history says dr harold professor industrial administration psychology imminent problem management relative advantage experience knowledge rapidly decreasing
max weber defined bureaucracy predicted triumph warren bennis sociological textbooks convincingly predicted demise sketched outlines organizations springing replace precisely moment outcry bureaucracy reaching peak american campuses bennis social psychologist professor industrial management predicted flatly twenty fifty participate end bureaucracy urged begin looking bureaucracy bennis argues proponents human relations fighting bureaucracy humanistic grounds christian values bureaucracy likely founder inability adapt rapid change bureaucracy says thrives highly undifferentiated stable environment climate youth industrial revolution pyramidal structure authority power concentrated hands eminently suitable social arrangement tasks environment changed ways mechanism problematic stability vanished age produces form organization tempo epoch agricultural civilization societies marked low transience delays communication transportation slowed rate information moved pace individual comparatively slow organizations seldom called regard high speed decisions age industrialism brought quickened tempo individual organizational precisely reason bureaucratic forms needed lumbering inefficient average capable making decisions faster loose ramshackle organizations preceded
knowledge admittedly remote interests ordinary street intrigued impressed fact noble gas xenon form compounds recently chemists swore impossible knowledge impact embodied technology afford ignore bit knowledge hand directly related concerns job politics family sexual behavior poignant dilemma parents find today consequence successive radical image child society theories childrearing turn century united states dominant theory reflected prevailing scientific belief primacy heredity determining behavior mothers heard darwin spencer raised babies ways consistent views thinkers simplified passed person person views reflected conviction millions ordinary bad children result bad stock crime hereditary early decades century attitudes fell advance environmentalism belief environment shapes personality early important created image child watson pavlov began creep public ken mothers reflected behaviorism refusing feed infants demand refusing pick cried weaning early avoid prolonged dependency study martha compared advice offered parents successive editions infant care handbook issued united states children bureau
expert announced publicly expect horseless carriage movement later millionth ford rolled assembly line rutherford discoverer atom energy atom nucleus released later chain reaction human brain including class scientific brain blinded possibilities future narrowed field concern gain momentary reassurance rudely shaken thrust imply scientific technological advances discussed necessarily materialize imply occur turn century doubt die represent blind alleys succeed lab turn impractical reason unimportant developments occur unsettling scarcely touched computer revolution follow churning wake barely mentioned implications thrust outer space adventure millennium arrives change lives attitudes radical unpredicted ways happen astronaut space vehicle returned earth contaminated fast multiplying death dealing microorganism
industrialism demanded masses workers ready able move land pursuit jobs move extended family gradually shed excess weight called nuclear family emerged stripped portable family unit consisting parents small set children style family mobile traditional extended family standard model industrial countries super industrialism stage development requires higher mobility expect future carry streamlining process step remaining childless cutting family elemental components woman matched careers prove efficient navigating education social shoals job geographic ordinary child cluttered family anthropologist margaret mead pointed moving system puts parenthood limited smaller number families principal functions childrearing leaving rest population free function history individuals compromise postponement children women today torn conflict commitment career commitment children future couples sidestep problem entire task raising children retirement strike present odd childbearing broken biological base tradition suggests children early age wait buy embryos later career likely spread young middle aged couples raise infants common
today cycle accelerating grow sooner leave home sooner marry sooner children sooner space closely complete period parenthood quickly words dr bernice neugarten university chicago specialist family development trend rapid rhythm events family cycle industrialism faster pace accelerated family cycle super industrialism threatens smash altogether fantasies birth scientists hammering reality colorful familial experimentation innovative minorities perform likely development institutions professional parenthood increasing movement temporary serial marriage merely run cycle rapidly introduce irregularity suspense word novelty regular seasons mother compress process birth visit embryo emporium transferring embryos womb womb destroy ancient certainty childbearing took months children grow family cycle smooth sure jerkily crucial stabilizer removed wreckage order pillar sanity broken course inevitable developments traced preceding pages power shape change choose future maintain past family forms economics science technology social relationships forced deal super industrial revolution liberate grew restrictive family patterns past present
remote wilderness deep sinai according ancient tradition moses received ten commandments law israel memory jewish lingers persistent affection biblical narrative law revealed moses mountain emerged sinai universal legacy formative revolutionary heritage originality grasped context ancient beginnings civilization planet million thousandth present population alive land land israel present population million fewer living according biblical account abraham settled nearly ago tools prehistoric peoples animals hunted grains roots ate estimates regional food resources estimate size prehistoric populations gain inkling ancient envisioned natural cave paintings created ago paintings found dordogne region southwestern france pyrenees mountains northwestern spain painted rock slabs namibia south west africa dating certainty ancestors ago thought felt believed left written record
reign ii begins imperial minded predecessors ii campaigned syria palestine prolonged war doubtful outcome concluded treaty hittites rulers syria pharaoh numerous wives reputedly father hundred children won renown builder monuments partly slave labor standpoint jewish history course chief importance resides likelihood tyrannical pharaoh reign exodus occurred rebellion moses egyptian environment took place ii reign moses born bred egyptian tradition hebrew ancestry persecution kinsmen moved ardent creative anger indignation emerge events understandings unique valid generations bible revolt hebrews begins isolated act indignation compassion pass days moses grown brethren looked burdens spied egyptian smiting hebrew brethren looked saw slew egyptian hid sand act righteous indignation supposedly executed secret remain secret moses observed report action reaches pharaoh moses forced flee exile land wilderness sinai moses marries daughter priest
scarcely conceivable mass movement scale consistent biblical account escaped notice ancient observers face fact mention thirteenth century children israel non biblical text describes endless march refugees egypt alleged military victory israelites successor ii pharaoh israel lies desolate seed lands entirety peace nomad curbed king considerations led critical scholars conclude number israelites left egypt closer million smaller figure keeping route places children israel traversed sinai kadesh border canaan positively identified oasis situated forty miles south israelites camped receiving law mount sinai region died moses sister miriam brother aaron according bible moses committed act disobedience moment anger struck rock order draw water god forbade enter promised land spies dispatched search canaan gave fearful report mass migration israelites advanced goshen crossed red sea scholars locate suez bitter lake al al al dividing sinai egypt proper commentators citing red sea ancient sea reeds identify mediterranean marshland northern sinai
economically spiritually jews brought babylon fled egypt joining established community kinsmen stayed judea book lamentations offers grim portrait zion fall inheritance turned strangers homes aliens orphans fatherless mothers widows skin hot oven burning heat famine heart sick things eyes grown dim mount zion lies desolate jackals prowl story jews babylonian captives slaves played increasingly important part empire expansive economy continued farm working lands judah growing number exiles attracted cities especially capital bankers merchants contractors landowners rent collectors scholar remarked important vocation including public office jews non chaldeans represented jews babylonian names sign cultural commercial assimilation babylonian month names adopted city babylon ancients considered wonders magnificence nebuchadnezzar glorified ambitious building program german excavations decades twentieth century uncovered palaces erected nebuchadnezzar thick walled building rows vaulted rooms site babylon fabled hanging gardens
withdrawing desert communes hellenistic fashion robes white hoped stand major conflicts preparing impossible emerged century numbered disappeared jewish history soon destruction temple brotherhood desert community wiped roman army devastated judea zealots fourth major force troubled palestine crystallized distinct political group early century vanished temple fell unlike zealots effort remain aloof politics contrary sought accommodate political reality roman power zealots insisted jew living holy land business paying tribute rome acknowledging emperor master withholding tribute rome meant war zealots betraying roman bias called dagger fully prepared wage zealots confronted rome waged ruthless war rivals assassinated broad light heart city chiefly festival mingling crowds stabbed enemies daggers concealed cloaks victims dead murderers joined general expressions indignation plausible behavior prevented exposure
war proceeded plans jews forbidden enter penalty death names judea jerusalem map empire city surroundings colonized gentiles judaism basic practices celebration festivals observance sabbath study teaching possession scroll law capital crimes fall marks decisive break jewish history jews longer held real hope reclaiming jerusalem rebuilding temple jewish rebellions defense massacres pass jews rule palestine masters jerusalem eighteen centuries jews minority lived including land israel period jewish population numbered paltry final cessation ritual sacrifice temple worship meant decisive change jewish religious practice transformation jews prepared experience babylonian exile subsequent development synagogue rituals autonomous communal organizations tradition ascribes principal role remaking judaism ben spiritual leader line hillel roman troops stormed judea jerusalem torn civil strife ben urged fellow submit vespasian warning continued resistance result loss city temple lives perceiving finally zealots preferred death submission prepared kill disciples risk delivering jerusalem vespasian hands ben arranged pupils bear city coffin dead
support generous save jews disaster befell crusaders entered jerusalem week siege night july jews escaped massacre christian invaders sold slavery held ransom slaughter muslim jewish defenders left city severely depopulated remedy christian arabs resettled jewish quarter reversal fortune november crusader kingdom fell armies saladin salah al din yusuf ibn egyptian sultan overthrew dynasty cultivated court physician jews returned jerusalem western christians banished temporary decades crusades mounted worse horde turks city sixteen later sacked mongols spanish jewish scholar moses ben arrived jerusalem found ruin solitude devastation put briefly sacred places greater desolation jerusalem desolate rest country judea galilee destruction blessed land inhabitants christians live escaped sword sultan jews brothers trade buy ingredients government half centuries pass jewish presence jerusalem successfully reestablished
moses family endured persecution spain morocco fled living months acre family headed southward jerusalem egypt stay alexandria settled founded muslim conquerors decade death muhammad capital caliphate tenth century proximity seat islamic power north africa advantage jewish leaders babylonia andalusia power seeking reason cairo likely saw cairo organized community formidable challenge talents early fruitful happy career brother david success gem trade allowed devote full writing studies community duties completed major commentary ha history oral law learned comparison aristotelian ethics later death brother completely changed outward circumstances blow moses thirty recovered faced consuming necessity earning living thought improper support teaching earn weaver tailor carpenter wrote depend license rabbi
nineteenth century swiss historian bad humanity recent writer barbara called era violent tormented bewildered suffering disintegrating age thought satan triumphant england embattled fronts france hundred war scotland century spanish energies turned war muslim saracens confined southern enclaves cadiz granada dynastic struggles christian kingdoms castile aragon germany weakness holy roman emperor fostered development crazy quilt pattern leagues confederations colder weather brought decline grain production northern europe incessant rains led crop failures famine europe textile production maritime trade dwindled flemish italian towns major banking houses florence collapsed midst secular crises unity christendom shattered babylonian captivity papacy succession french popes domination french monarchs ruled church avignon schism popes reigned simultaneously avignon rome bitter blows papal prestige coupled rising nationalist sentiment spawned church reform movements led john wycliffe john jan tumult political economic religious change fourteenth century era social upheaval urban uprisings barcelona rouen brunswick florence flemish towns rural rebellions flared aragon france flanders
tor reasons formal sola solemn widowed king land shadow effect frivolous young tor suspected grateful existence earliest memories riding baby sack tor shoulders galloped horse series hurdles screamed delight wound tiny hands thick black hair later furious tor took accusation slightest duty white lips set face laughed decided told story found couldn believe told spite malice yes story sad grandeur felt mother changed mind tragedy sour gossip deliberately spend company tell story character preferred look vaguely head cousins expression face indicating dead fly windowsill swept startled speaking motive vengeance tale wife roundabout purposes cousins guess
head ached scene vividly door bedroom half open heard spun round bearing tray glanced scowling face averted eyes chosen maid skill averting eyes thought sourly noticed tray smell steam rose worried mark eyebrows face softened eat thought replied realizing true shouldn sulk forget eating looked sharply young charge worried mark deepened sulking stiffly sighed hiding brooding suggested smile touched corners worry try sulk try worry set tray table began lifting napkins plates missed today told course fear larger smallest pony fact gave wide berth stables pastures known dark turned window goings stretch courtyard bedroom overlooked saw messengers racing foot uniform king army red slash left forearms meant members supply corps king company march west proceeding pace presently headlong increasing panicky
gagged gasped turned series peculiar colors ended grey fell heavily ground noticed breathing waited minutes twitched shook composedly find help story walk garden found true planning find garden say things thought things keeping rooms eyelashes grew sick weeks mouthful mad hallucinations translucent blue skin riding beasts pale face terribly dull grey band wound temples bending clouds smoke cave walls glittered walled rubies worst began wear walls room face bending half angry half frightened dizzy spells stomachaches lasted knew king daughter depression admit slowed recovery idiot tor yelled thing tried remind stories remember chance stuff dangerous royal house
rumor began wedding feast passed took home afterward sola love king daughter witch daughter entrap king mother entrapped father breath fear reassuring accompanied rumor hoped tor sorry married glory ruined noticed husband companion eyes tending anger tongue lips worth days later meaning ladies mentioned worriedly tor falling spell daughter history repeat don meant lady frowning sol mother queen suitable match laughed light hearted laugh young terrible scandal married mother didn mother north lady grown small town south eyes opened wide read eagerness interesting fresh slice gossip slip conversation friends gathered certainly married gently wasn exactly queen sound excuse liaison misguided passion blinded passion married
sat pile axe handles took deep breaths thought fixedly green stockings stood lit candle set quietly holder learned months past waste wares making tiny trial bit mixture marble bowl final mashing mixing experiment candle flame bigger eggcup bottom cup grease fingertip chose left index finger burnt result fire ointment attempt centuries ago held fingertip steadily flame watched pointed blue yellow oval fire parted smoothly finger rejoined prick shadows stone ceiling felt withdrew finger stared awe touched finger skin heat remained apparent surface wood ointment greasy finger existed checked notes sure read written proportions attempt blew candle daze darn stockings asked sharply matter tried help dress court dinner worse usual saying deal saw worry sol extraordinary vagueness straightforward exasperation simple homely task ill
knew touched magic flowers turn frogs burst explosion noticed frogs couldn help notice worst sick floor feet knew magic queasy early adolescence gift asserting wasn illness reaction royal gifts violent stood helpless think words say asked return flowers dust motes whiff magic hands face remain dared dance immediately stood smiling gently arm gracefully raised hand curled posy glint eye bright flowers leaped fingers grew wings yellow white birds sang sweetly golden harps disappeared darkness ceiling musicians began playing tor arms left circle dancers stepped tor feet times helped dancing floor magic strong nostrils tor distance clung held main force till shakily let cousin re tearing waistband skirt released put hand chair outstretched arm let arm drop
power speech croaked hidden smile glimmered eyes thought stand accord manner wished advantage dragon slaying father spears flew truer marks thought aim arm deserved eagerness quickness caught dragon village farther city stayed night washed dragon blood clothing skin left red spots touched communal debarred sol privacy sleeping headman house wife slept headman house wondered slept meant eventually slept stable garden thought ask embarrass embarrassed protested driving headman home honor fitting father daughter slayer demon word demon remembered tor saying increase north mischief increase incidence small nasty problems dragons
emerged round looming bulk castle leading tiptoed delicately ears hard forward tail high saw wordlessly brought gave bridle hand sola equerry waited impassively holding turned mount horse riding army giving king daughter honor holding king stirrup small thing holding king stirrup conferred luck holder times past queen demanded honor king ordered considered lucky victorious general son sola hold stirrup especially king rode war tricky diplomatic campaign suddenly turn war feel mental chill pass courtyard mounted wondered daughter began mission bad omen wondered favor army rode expecting worst likely find held reins grimly grimness prodded nose till smiled involuntarily petted looked heard king footsteps met father eyes glad yielded tor request kissed forehead cupped chin hands looked moment turned grasped stirrup turned foot moment small commotion courtyard gate tired horse stepped glassy stone
build fire found wedge tinder stones strike hand fortunately plenty fuel shores stream trees grew protected dragon valley stone shoulder hidden campsite found remains campfire looked weathered thought notice stream running clear wondered lain stream found flat rock lid began process boiling dried meat tin till soft eat didn dare fire large fetch wood bear heat slept fainted drifting boundary longer periods blankness brought beginning healing pried boot foot gingerly felt ankle wrapped strips spare clothing tying knots hand teeth hoped wrappings reminded foot quiet ache ebbed dull mutter looked left arm felt sick sight look looking reminded foot reminded pain burns subsided crawl stream soak
thought gripped heart kitchen headquarters write white paint scaling brick walls herzog wiped mouse droppings table sleeve calmly wondering field mice passion wax paraffin holes paraffin sealed preserves gnawed birthday candles wicks rat chewed package bread leaving shape body layers slices herzog ate half loaf spread jam share rats corner mind remained open external heard crows morning harsh call delicious heard thrushes dusk night barn owl walked garden excited mental letter saw roses winding rain spout birds gorging mulberry tree days hot evenings flushed dusty looked keenly felt half blind friend friend valentine wife wife spread rumor sanity collapsed true taking turn empty house saw shadow face gray window looked weirdly tranquil radiant line mid forehead straight nose full silent lips late spring herzog overcome need explain justify put perspective clarify amends giving adult education lectures york night school
strength herzog constitution worked obstinately hypochondria early june general revival troubles roses shop windows reminding failures sterility death herzog medical checkup paid visit elderly refugee dr west side facing central park doorman odor age wearing cap balkan campaign half century let crumbling vault lobby herzog undressed examining room troubled dire green dark walls swollen disease buildings york big sturdily built muscles developed hard country vain muscles breadth strength hands smoothness skin saw feared caught part aging conceited handsome fool called glancing small mirror graying hair wrinkles amusement bitterness slats blind looked brown rocks park speckled mica optimistic leaping green june tire soon leaves broadened york deposited soot summer especially beautiful vivid particulars twigs small darts subtly swelling shapes green beauty human invention dr stooped energetic examined sounded chest flashed light eyes took blood felt prostate gland wired electrocardiograph
crowds grand central station herzog spite efforts remain rational felt slipping subterranean roar engines voices feet galleries lights drops fat yellow broth strong suffocating fragrance underground york collar grew wet sweat ran armpits ribs bought ticket picked copy times bar denied thinking money spent clothes fit ate carbohydrates give victory side let grow fat sullen broad hips belly breathing hard ramona wouldn ramona liked mattered considerably seriously considered marrying notwithstanding buying ticket escape interests confused visionary muddy felt feverish damaged angry quarrelsome shaky going phone shop change nickel left dimes break bill didn want candy gum thought wiring saw weak telegram sultry platform grand central opened bulky times cut shreds edges set valise feet hushed electric trucks rushing mail bags stared news peculiar effort
house bottles glasses tray cheese liver paste crackers ice herring blue trousers yellow chinese blouse hat bought avenue subject stepping quickly advanced shadow house sparkling grass cat leaping path bottles glasses clinking hastened didn want miss conversation bent set things lawn table shapiro couldn eyes fabric stuck woods avid scholarly conversation shapiro knew literature field read publications accounts book dealers found beauty preparing doctoral examination languages delightful knew betraying knowledge affectation russian jew chicago west side delightful inappropriate german jew gotten money dry goods business shapiro father money peddled rotten apples south water street wagon truth spotted spoiled apples shapiro smelled horse produce learned references dignified visitor talking russian church dostoevski shapiro production learned references correctly pronouncing foreign words french german serbian italian hungarian turkish danish snapping laughing hearty sucking snarling undirected laugh teeth moist head worked shoulders
moments sanity couldn maintain balance ferry boarded pulling hat tight sea wind slightly shamefaced enjoyed typical moment holiday cars loaded cloud blowing sand herzog looked upper deck crossing rested feet ended valise taking sun watching boats half lidded eyes vineyard haven caught cab dock turned main street parallel harbor lined big trees water sails road passing leaves filled sun big gilt letters shone red store fronts shopping center bright stage set taxi slowly engine heart condition passed public library pillared driveways lyre shaped elm trees sycamores patches white bark noted sycamores trees held important place green evening settling blue water eyes turned shadows grass paler paler cab turned shore herzog missing half driver directions paid stairs okay saw waiting porch bright dress waved blew kiss knew mistake vineyard haven place lovely charming charming women
letter writing morning desk window black blackness fire escape rails dipped asphalt heavy cosmetic coat black rails equidistant appearing according rules perspective letters write busy busy pursuit objects dimly beginning understand message today begun half consciously waking monsignor hilton priest brought church sipping black coffee herzog cotton paisley robe narrowed eyes cleared throat aware anger pervasive indignation felt monsignor effect husband husband young woman converted daughter known impresario remember took instruction ago baptized recent radcliffe graduate beautiful beauty loss exaggerate suffering notable console beautiful woman dumped loud flamboyant ass clutching brute sexual preferences women ancient wisdom objectively beauty daisy handsome spoiled looks conceit complexion healthy pink fine dark hair gathered bun fringe forehead slender neck heavy blue eyes byzantine nose straight brow
grandfather herzog alive instinct herzog grand thing took refuge winter palace bolsheviks allowed wrote letters hebrew lost precious books upheaval study impossible winter palace walk find course hunger later predicted revolution fail tried acquire czarist currency millionaire restored received packets worthless rubles willie moses played sums held glorious bills light saw peter catherine watermarked rainbow paper grandfather herzog eighties strong mind powerful hebrew calligraphy elegant letters read aloud montreal father herzog accounts cold lice famine epidemics dead wrote faces children bury father herzog approached phrase times find full voice whisper tears eyes suddenly put hand mouth hurried room mother herzog large eyed sat children primitive kitchen sun entered cave ancient black stove iron sink green cupboards gas ring mother herzog meeting present partly averted face encountered left avoid
glancing watch herzog appearance efficiency purpose failed anyway fix mind observe stooping window angle roofs walls sky reddening astonished spent scrawling letters ridiculous angry letters spite frenzy sandor write monsignor lines herzog letter monsignor mad reasoning face moses saw brick walls rods caked asphalt black endless repetition threatens sanity suppose absolutely monsignor instance absolutely wrong problem coherence responsibility mine moses herzog church universal understanding consider harmful prussian delusion readiness answer questions infallible sign stupidity valentine admit ignorance matter regular goethe finished sentences rephrased thoughts explained want monsignor writing purpose exposing attack herzog tore letter untrue despised monsignor wanted murder yes capable killing filled horrible rage able shave dress citizen town evening pleasure groomed scented face sweetened kisses flinch criminal fantasies certainty punishment stops herzog thought
abed touched sono eyelids experimentally lay smiling strange complex soft pale lids imprint touch tell truth wrote lacked strength character bear joy joke breast feels cage dark birds flown free light longs vultures wants customary struggles nameless empty works anger sins parlor oriental luxury making principled quest principled mind giving pleasure solving moses herzog puzzle body curing fatal disorder worldliness rejects worldly happiness western plague mental leprosy found object sat morose depressed morris chair curse sadness liked saw eyes love ah es tres beau guilt sadness look oriental morose angry eye upper lip call chinese beau wonder thought communist love lovers theoreticians theoreticians show door ladies throw gloomy bastards loathed melancholy dark dwell sono tall rooms brownstone apartment hung transparent bargain curtains east movies interiors inmost bed sheets spearmint green washed chlorophyll unmade disorder
story easily summed opens charles school dull plodding manages sheer dogged application middle class fellow shy stupid inevitably patient uncomplaining butt classmates leaving school proceeds study medicine rouen lodging humble fourth floor room overlooking seine mother rented tradesman acquaintance presents examination fails attempt manages obtain degree doctor medicine humblest diploma qualify general practice de sante needs marry mother finds wife widow bailiff virtuous plain income twelve hundred notary charge securities sails client money america shock madame kills charles left widower thinks finding wife ready hand daughter neighbouring farmer young woman excited unfounded suspicions breast madame emma educated convent rouen possessed ideas accomplishments station took interest farm father anxious find husband doctor appears scene matter arranged charles adores wife happiest animated sole desire whim
dint diligent plodding managed middle class scored natural history took college devote medical studies convinced special coaching mother room fourth floor house overlooking eau de owner dyer trade happened arrangements board odds ends furniture table couple chairs cherry wood bedstead home bought cast iron stove plenty wood poor boy warm week took departure begged prayed behave straight longer look syllabus lectures read noticeboard put head whirl lectures anatomy lectures pathology lectures physiology lectures dispensing chemistry botany clinics say hygiene materia medica names etymology completely ignorant mysterious leading peopled august shadows listened hard couldn hold persevered note books specially bound attended lecture missed demonstration daily task mill horse plods round round place eyes blindfolded knowing grinding
charles mother stay days daughter law sharpen file couple razors manner criticism fault finding eat want offer wine chance stupid obstinacy wear woollen pass fine early spring notary charge widow dubuc investments sailed took clients money true share ship valued thousand francs house rue saint francois fortune song save bits furniture odds ends wearing apparel appearance household thing looked house mortgaged hilt notary god knew share vessel hundred pounds lied lady monsieur senior flew rage took chair smashed stone floor told wife ruin son jade harness wasn worth skin insisted things scene tears threw husband arms implored defend parents
charles house cupboard green silk cigar case linen hidden look open smell scent lining blend tobacco belonged present mistress worked rosewood frame gem thing hidden eyes thing whereon lavished hour hour soft tresses sat pensively task love breathed sighs amid stitches canvas stitch thereon memory hope lines interwoven threads continuity passion morning talked lay wide mantelpiece vases filled flowers pompadour clocks paris sort place paris sense grandeur immensity clung paris murmured breath loved sound boomed ears bell cathedral glow golden fire labels pots night fishermen carts beneath window singing wake slumbers lay listened sound iron wheels dying slowly silence country road morrow
green leather slippers face slightly pitted small pox velvet cap gold tassel head standing warming fire expression countenance complete satisfaction appeared easily suspended head wicker cage chemist cried hostess chop wood fill water bottles put brandy ready look alive wish heaven knew sort pudding give coming gracious moving kicking hullabaloo billiard room cart front door smash call tell put coach house believe played fifteen games morning jars cider yes cut cloth drat em added stood looking hand harm replied buy table cried widow yes madame say re penny wise pound foolish nowadays small pockets heavy cues cannon game clean fashion things altered move times look landlady crimson anger say chemist billiard room beats suppose wanted fund poles flood victims lyons
emma seized sudden longing girl put nurse carpenter wife looking almanac weeks virgin set direction house end village foot hill high road meadows midday houses shutters pulled slate roofs shone brightly fierce light beat cloudless sky flashing sparks peaks gables hot wind blowing emma began feel strength failing hesitated return home sit monsieur leon house close bundle papers arm spoke took stand shade grey sun blind shop madame baby beginning feel tired began leon stopped short daring continue business inquired clerk begged accompany night news abroad madame mayor wife declared servant hearing madame compromising nurse end street turn left going cemetery narrow pathway fringed privet cottages gardens
soon side river road la lay emma saw meadows walking poplars slowing thinking hard pretty woman doctor wife pretty lovely teeth dark eyes neat foot parisian deuce hail heavy friend pick monsieur thirty hard hearted shrewd plenty experience women knew tackle latest fancy thoughts running husband looks dull dog doubt sick dirty nails days beard rounds sits home darning socks sick death wants live town dance night poor woman simply gaping love carp kitchen table gaping water word love feet certainty delicious piece goods absolutely charming trouble began think scheming bothers love making involves thoughts reverted contrast mistress actress rouen mere recollection mental image gave feeling satiety ah madame thought prettier fresher doubt virginia putting flesh
weeks evening reappeared don let rush matters mistake end week shooting thought left argued loved impatience love let ahead saw turn pale entered knew getting dark muslin curtains windows deepened gathering twilight gilt case barometer ray setting sun lit blaze fire mirror pieces coral remained standing emma barely answered conventional greeting busy haven asked quickly seating stool didn think guess looked passionate expression eyes dropped gaze blush emma began sir exclaimed drawing ah perfectly dolefully thinking slipped unawares forbid madame calls
tax collector tried shock nerves official notice prohibiting wild duck shooting boat monsieur despite respect law minute thought heard policeman coming anxiety lent added zest pleasure cask patting cunning dog luck saw emma looked mightily relieved immediately opened conversation emma reply re early yes stammered woman girl nurse soon light weather thick bird slap end gun monsieur broke turning heel servant madame answered put retreated cask emma regretted left tax collector abruptly doubt imagine sorts unpleasant things story nurse worst lie told knew child parents lived path didn lead la guessed coming dark put certainty
easiest making town acquaintance ascertain love die town wonders effect climate lines feverish casual air truth bored devotes cultivating habits citizens hard solely object getting rich chief interest commerce chief aim call business naturally don simpler pleasures love making going pictures sensibly reserve pastimes saturday afternoons sundays employ rest week making money evening leaving office hour varies cafes stroll boulevard air balconies passions young violent short lived vices older seldom range addiction bowling banquets clubs large sums change hands fall card doubt habits peculiar town contemporaries certainly commoner nowadays working morn till night proceeding card tables cafes small talk left living exist towns countries inkling general change lives intimation
noon dr parking car front apartment house lived noticed concierge coming end street dragging head bent arms legs curiously splayed jerky movements clockwork doll leaning arm priest doctor knew father learned militant jesuit met occasionally highly thought town circles indifferent religion waited draw michel eyes fever bright breathing wheezily explained feeling bit color air started feeling pains sorts places neck armpits groin obliged turn ask father give arm swellings strained leaning window car doctor ran hand base michel neck hard lump knot wood formed bed temperature afternoon asked father queer business rats suppose epidemic father eyes smiling big round glasses lunch reading telegram wife sanatorium announcing arrival phone rang
figures correct dr aware turn things seeing isolation concierge body rung richard asked inguinal fever cases richard confessed deaths forty hours days patient showed signs convalescence visited let cases rang colleagues result inquiries gathered twenty cases type days ended fatally advised richard chairman local medical association fresh cases put isolation wards sorry richard order effect issued grounds supposing danger contagion definite grounds symptoms definitely alarming richard repeated measures province put matter talks going weather changed worse michel death sky clouded torrential hours muggy heat aspect sea changed dark blue lowering sky steely silvery glints hurt eyes look damp heat spring coming dry clean summer heat
small satisfaction writing letters denied town ceased touch rest normal means communication according notification correspondence forbidden obviate risk letters carrying infection town early days favored managed persuade sentries gates allow messages beginning epidemic sentries found natural obey feelings humanity later sentries gravity situation drummed flatly refused responsibilities effects foresee telephone calls towns allowed led crowding telephone booths delays lines days prohibited limited called urgent cases deaths marriages births fall telegrams linked friendship affection physical love found reduced hunting tokens past communion compass ten word telegram practice phrases telegram quickly exhausted lives passed side side passionate soon declined exchange trite formulas thinking love persisted writing letters gave hatching plans plans rare occasions succeeded received answer
strolling town usual sitting tables cafe terraces generally speaking lack courage jokes lamentations show accepting cheerfully obviously passing short appearances end month week prayer later developments altering aspect town begin took measures controlling traffic food supply gasoline rationed restrictions sale foodstuffs reductions ordered electricity necessaries brought road air traffic thinned progressively private cars roads luxury shops closed overnight began put sold notices crowds buyers stood waiting doors assumed appearance saw pedestrians slack hours numbers reduced idleness shops offices closed crowded streets cafes present unemployed merely holiday fine days afternoon brought mind city public progress shops shut traffic stopped give merry making populace freedom streets naturally picture houses benefited situation money hand fist difficulty provide change program circulation films region suspended fortnight cinemas obliged exchange films lapse show program
saw abstraction saw truth month plague ended gloomily violent epidemic dramatic sermon preached father jesuit priest arm michel tottering home start illness father mark frequent contributions geographical society dealt chiefly ancient inscriptions authority reached wider non specialist public series lectures present individualism shown stalwart champion christian doctrine precise purest equally remote modern laxity past occasions shrunk trouncing hearers vigorous home truths local celebrity end month ecclesiastical authorities town resolved battle plague weapons organized week prayer manifestations public piety concluded sunday high mass celebrated auspices st plague stricken saint father asked preach sermon fortnight desisted research st augustine african church won high place order passionate fiery temperament flung wholeheartedly task assigned sermon topic conversation delivered marks important date history period large attendances services week prayer assumed normal times townsfolk devout
straight point talk frankly nodded fortnight month continued serve purpose things hand agree sanitary department inefficient understaffed thing re worked feet admitted heard authorities thinking sort conscription population health required help fighting plague information correct authorities odor mind risk compulsion call voluntary help response poor official channels half re short imagination officialdom cope catastrophic remedial measures think adequate common cold let carry soon dead likely tell re thinking prisoners jails call heavy free employed ask feel loathe condemned death looked eyes asked say drawn plan voluntary groups helpers
fought prevent plague assured getting town lawful methods decided told recourse began sounding cafe waiters waiter knows going scenes spoke knew heavy penalties imposed attempts evasion cafes visited actually curtly business happened meet place headway talking unsuccessful efforts interest authorities case heard tail end conversation days later met street greeted hail fellow met manner occasions hello luck counting red tape merchants couldn understand tried trying find damned difficult yes replied certainly knew explained surprised learn past going rounds cafes number acquaintances learned existence organization handling sort business truth beginning live means involved smuggling ventures concerned rationed goods selling contraband cigarettes inferior liquor steadily rising prices building small fortune
thursday appointment entered cathedral porch minutes air cool small fleecy clouds presently sun swallow gulp drifting sky faint smell moisture rose lawns parched masked eastward houses sun warming joan arc helmet solitary patch brightness cathedral square clock struck took steps empty porch inside low sound voices stale incense dank air voices ceased ten small black forms building hastened center town grew impatient black forms climbed steps entered porch light cigarette struck smoking frowned fifteen organ began play softly entered dim light aisle moment nave small black forms preceded grouped corner front makeshift altar stood statue st carved haste local sculptors kneeling looked smaller blobs clotted darkness opaque gray smoky haze float organ playing endless variations stepped cathedral saw gonzales going steps town thought cleared boy journalist
hitting pasture fence flag flapped bright grass trees luster looked aint coming lets branch find quarter niggers finds red flapping pasture bird slanting tilting luster threw flag flapped bright grass trees held fence shut moaning luster aint coming dont hush mammy aint going birthday dont hush going going eat cake eat candles eat thirty candles let branch find quarter maybe find balls yonder fence pointed arm aint coming fence garden fence shadows shadow higher luster fence broken place wait minute luster snagged nail crawl nail caddy crawled uncle maury let stoop caddy stoop benjy stooped crossed garden flowers rasped rattled
wasn crying couldn stop wasn crying ground wasn crying ground sloping cows ran hill tried fell cows ran hill quentin held arm barn barn wasn wait didn quentin set trough cows ate held going held cows ran hill door couldn stop quentin hill fighting falling hill quentin dragged hill quentin hit couldn stop stand quentin stay dont benjy going wedding whooey quentin hit began thump wall laughing quentin thumped wall tried say whooey couldn say laughing quit crying couldn stop fell barn door hill fighting fell laughing couldn stop tried fell couldn stop sho declare aint shut yelling laughing flopped door laughed whooey benjy going wedding
brick walk shadows pig pen smelled pigs cow stood lot chewing dan howled going wake town hush saw fancy eating branch moon shone water naw sir close stop look leg wet dan howled ditch buzzing grass bones rounded black vines beller head want night twenty acre pasture beller lay ditch sat watching bones buzzards ate nancy flapping black slow heavy ditch luster showed didn took pocket showed think buzzards going undress caddy re crazy re jason began cry re caddy jason cried hands pockets jason going rich holding money jason cried started caddy hush jason buzzards father wouldn let let buzzard undress hush jason hushed funeral caddy
goddamn quentin goddamn hear running stairs library caddy gave cushion look cushion mirror fire quiet quentin studying father jason jason suppose father jason corner chewing father jason chewing paper caddy jason father jason threw fire hissed uncurled turning black gray caddy father jason mother chair jason eyes puffed shut mouth moved tasting caddy head father shoulder hair fire points fire eyes father lifted chair caddy held smelled trees smelled trees corner dark window squatted holding slipper couldn hands saw hear getting night hands saw slipper couldn hands slipper squatted hearing getting dark luster look showed miss quentin gave knowed couldn thought slipped doors aint moaning slobbering today hiding empty room mumbling taking
pulled pulled pretty mother tried give rowing rest class couldn wouldn stubborn call stubbornness sitting attitudes princely boredom curly yellow hair violet eyes eyelashes york clothes mamma telling gerald horses gerald niggers gerald women husbands fathers kentucky awful glad carried gerald cambridge apartment town gerald rooms college approved gerald associating revealed blundering sense oblige getting born mason dixon geography met requirements minimum forgave condoned met coming chapel couldn lady lady hour night able forgive names including present english ducal house sure convinced misfit mixed lodge keeper daughter probable invented champion sitter round holds barred gouging discretionary shell speck oars catching sun spaced glints hull winking sister re bitches sister
chimes began half hour stood belly shadow listened strokes spaced tranquil sunlight thin leaves spaced peaceful serene quality autumn bells month brides lying ground window bellowing took look knew mouths babes street lamps chimes ceased postoffice treading shadow pavement hill rise town lanterns hung wall father loves caddy loves shortcomings uncle maury straddling legs fire remove hand drink christmas jason ran hands pockets fell lay trussed fowl set hands outen pockets running stand rolling head cradle rolling flat caddy told jason reason uncle maury didn roll head cradle shreve coming walk shambling earnest glasses glinting beneath running leaves pools gave deacon note things afternoon don let tomorrow looked say re today dressed mooning prologue suttee psychology morning tomorrow
re looking matter warn say re arrest julio struggled held girl howled steadily holding bread julio let steel sister tell squire steal sister julio broke sprang marshall met struggled arms released panting durn mind assault battery turned peaceable peaceable find stole sister stole warned aims charge meditated criminal assault gal shut noise began laugh boys plastered heads round eyes bushes shirts dampened shoulders arms tried stop laughter couldnt watch crazy believe quit stop mu minute ah ah ah laughing let sit sat watching girl streaked face gnawed looking loaf water swift peaceful path laughter ran throat wouldnt quit trying laugh retching stomach empty
squire looked shreve mildly case dismissed raising voice damned shreve taking arm afternoon judge obliged passed door julio voice rose violent ceased looking brown eyes quizzical cold bud reckon girl chasing boston damned fool shreve hell mean anyway straggling fooling damn getting impatient mrs bland talking miss holmes miss quit listening looked delicate curious horror veils turned white noses eyes fleeing mysterious beneath veils quentin mrs bland mother say young naturally scrapes arrested foot country policeman think gerald gerald nonsense trying kidnap dirty girl caught nonsense mrs bland voice sort died stared moment girls drew breaths soft concerted sound fiddlesticks mrs bland briskly ignorant yankees quentin shreve sat small seats gerald cranked car started quentin tell foolishness mrs bland told shreve hunched furious seat sitting neck miss
car stopped looking eye trolley full stopped platform seat front conductor looked car seats left side going stand crossed river bridge arching slow high space silence nothingness lights yellow red green trembled clear air repeating front seat conductor pretty soon couple blocks reached postoffice sitting hearing watch began listen chimes touched shreve letter coat bitten shadows elms flowing hand turned quad chimes begin notes ripples pool passed saying quarter quarter windows dark entrance empty walked close left wall entered empty stairs curving shadows echoes feet sad generations light dust shadows feet waking dust lightly settle letter turned light propped book table calling husband going late mrs bland need cavalier
turned direction yell load bearers lowered burden trunk bare foot bystander flash faces white anger pig eyes grandson headed dog trunk affair ancestors ten generations scavengers streets look place load grandmother resembled monkey move workers carrier unlike wore queue bystander stretched hand grabbed tail hair pulled viciously queue half false hair plaited string hand onlookers roared furious chagrin victim lifted carrying pole strike unexpected clamor street drew attention bystander seized opportunity lose crowd handsome red wedding chair ornately decorated gold rolled past hidden completely satin hung curtains sat youthful bride home train coolies chair swinging painted trays rested roast fowls sweetmeats silk bed comforts hard lacquered pillows sealed boxes clothing pieces furniture contributions essential dowry disappeared sight angry carrier succeeded queue original length stooped picked pole resumed disturbed fu breathed sigh relief
yawning son struggled outer jacket fu working dilapidated clay stove built chimney place rubbed stinging eyes blew charcoal flame breakfast hard puffed rice hot water drink completed meal dressed garments boy mother set coppersmith mist fine rain sifted streets sedan chairs bore lighted lanterns carried small oil lamp burning brightly glass shade wet young fu looked uncovered light continuing flame steadily spite falling water chungking rain open country tang business progress stood admiration establishment trays kettles jars vases water pipes desired white yellow brass red gold copper displayed shelves shop apprentice dusted stock clerk stood counter deftly counted wooden beads strung wires abacus acknowledging presence arrivals laid frame took small camel hair brush dampened leisurely black slab ink wrote characters account book turned fu wish give proprietor held narrow envelope accepted addressed assistant den master boy laid feather duster moved room eyed callers glance derision young fu reddened
unexpected relief tang entrance master sat told den bring food tsu squinted mock horror let bring honorable apprentice talk noon weighted wisdom guessed knew business offered partnership tang joined laughter young fu forgot wretchedness appreciate fun den expense talk turned abruptly politics soon hot discussion happen chungking present defeated told apprentice clear bowls youth collected carrying rear room set table blew fire intense heat pouring hot water dirty gray rag inside bowls wiped chopsticks neatly shelf boy voice called give bowl rice pot young fu whirled seen rice plenty replied newcomer sleeve wipe perspiration face starved death apprentice fu mine li lifted food lips young fu effort continue conversation newcomer assumed superior airs opportunity arose find delight exercising talents line tall entered held sheet metal heat
learn student sentence san ching birth nature heart fascinated pupil watched flushed cheeks received brush teacher copied characters wang scholar mingled words encouragement chiding decided boy night drew writing materials thou wilt learn form strokes ease patience industry required student studied young fu expression dost thou wish books hesitated moment replied apprenticed tang wanted recognize characters write city learning order win fortune read write easily cheated rights looked find gentleman face stern disapproval reason wang scholar demanded teach ancient wisdom wishes earning money thou treasure knowledge revered learn live win fortune fortune wisdom voice slowly resumed tone thou art young forget dreams youth return tomorrow night study taught young fu crept slowly stairs doorway looked sleeping street wisdom learn live
fu delighted progress weighed sense obligation teacher position gifts money realization wang scholar son future advancement grasp opportunities service period heat bristle shop discontinued unable find employment free weeks took task mending gentleman garments feast son home meal prepared sweetened eggs share delicacy upper room small ways eased mind added greatly wang scholar physical comfort returned arrival cool weather longer trying found looked forward son journeyman earning living boy hard understand actions foolish imagination coppersmith told satisfied wang scholar credited youth student brains wise persons knew fear son future rest heart fortunate days easily set peace swinging land gate finely cut brazier beh carpenter giving friend young fu repeated sentence learned preceding night formed word stroke stroke mind eye affairs prosper simply matter purpose occasions mother mentioned nephew son oldest brother live hills yangtze brother longer earth wife believed lived hoped walk country renew bonds members family mother young fu told smile meet cousins humiliating circumstances river edge asked boatman privilege helping load vegetables earned free ride bank nodded thanks walked slowly path village hill blue cotton jacket trousers flapped sharp wind misty fragments leaden sky stretched damp cold fingers clung satisfied found permanent resting place shivered colder hills tied belt coppers eve important holiday fugitive home chungking unable resist flattery miserably shrugged thought entering village slipped tea house ordered bowl steaming tea road winding past busy traffic ornate sedan chairs hung heavy satin gay tassels pushed shoulders chair bearers livery small open reed basket held traveler arduous trip mountains threading hired street chairs cracked scarred looking drop occupants roadside minute
occasions mother mentioned nephew son oldest brother live hills yangtze brother longer earth wife believed lived hoped walk country renew bonds members family mother young fu told smile meet cousins humiliating circumstances river edge asked boatman privilege helping load vegetables earned free ride bank nodded thanks walked slowly path village hill blue cotton jacket trousers flapped sharp wind misty fragments leaden sky stretched damp cold fingers clung satisfied found permanent resting place shivered colder hills tied belt coppers eve important holiday fugitive home chungking unable resist flattery miserably shrugged thought entering village slipped tea house ordered bowl steaming tea road winding past busy traffic ornate sedan chairs hung heavy satin gay tassels pushed shoulders chair bearers livery small open reed basket held traveler arduous trip mountains threading hired street chairs cracked scarred looking drop occupants roadside minute
tragedy death forgotten scourge settled pall chungking cholera typhus fu daily offerings yin shrine babies expected die period heat age contributed share mothers fathers children grandparents slipped passing homes poor congested halls rich filled hired mourners funeral processions crowded streets doorways wailing issue foreigners charge hospitals fled hills young fu errand tsu chi gate passed boat opposite shore gazed longingly slopes green wished weather seen spring festival fu crossed river cousin children met water edge escorted farm returned excursion happier chung king talked days sweetness hill air song sang longer visit son retracing steps coppersmith breathed strangling stench drying hides passed loads bound tanneries remembered mother desire night mentioned think propitious concluded leave devils disease young fu smiled wise believe
li sufficient strength return morrow evident failed mark appearance young fu paying calls house chicken street night brought news tang li leg drawn agonizing pain lay motionless moans resembled possessed evil spirits mother recognizing friendship boys confided worry apprentice gods offended careless paying attention revenge firstborn call priests saved husband agree thinks priests power demand money coming earn strange ways understand evil spirits cure son help earn money pay tang listened report drew brows frown midday rice discussed matter workmen confessed interrupted instance friend supposed dying ministrations priests recovered tsu curled lip grimly yes brother law priests plunged red hot needles died tang nodded die live easy leave enduring tortures li youth wish escape clutches mother believes women rule matters
young fu hurried streets tang chosen connected foreign woman patronage true word purchased later cook samples chair makers steps slowed mother realized suddenly likely rejoice honor river safe envy chance return native district air rife bandit tales fu thankful remember forbid going apprentice rules establishment home returned dusk bristle shop showed surprise sickness master tired incompetence son expression mischievous honorable parent behold preferred shop fu raised hand shield eyes importance blinds sarcasm tell asked release tang help governing province son chuckled face resumed mock gravity serve fu lower jaw sagged cried tomorrow dawn tang leaves deliver brasses gift excellency officials picked course sleep coppersmith decide representative remain shop
suddenly heard sound radar sixth sense wild things flashed warning raccoon whirled black body hurtling end leap fling bring knifelike claws action curl lips mouthful pointed teeth body struck falling tree battle savage raccoon prime defenseless wood rat squirrel chicken fifty pounds hate desperation armed weapons terror creature smaller matter seconds set white jaws found hold wanted base raccoon neck jerked aloft heavy body snapped side side moment wild thing forest died wild thing eat live gaunt german shepherd laid body forefeet raised head listen night nostrils twitched scented huge tongue lick blood trickled claw slashes nose lips tongue blood cut left eye shook head violently clear vision baring fangs lowered head begin meal days ate moon arched onward course soon light glowed softly revealing coat dull charcoal gleaming coats kind regularly fed cared
closed book start feed steers allowed flex leg rub jabbing needles noticed remains sandwich tossed ground birds clutching book slid rope favored means descent started slope run passed field young corn standing foot high saw jeans clad figure stepfather kneeling green cultivator bright orange tractor shoulders heaving tightened bolts fortunately lane chris able vault barnlot fence unseen begin forking rich silage impatiently bawling steers market soon cal fitch decided fat price forest left moved birds tips towering firs swaying gentle breeze shadow parting company fellow shadow big german shepherd moved place refuge stretched legs shook trotted tree boy sandwich scraps lay fallen sniffed snap gulp disappeared raised head place boy sat smell food reach moment later dropped abruptly haunches swung head bit desperately matted spots flank whining softly
beginning end knew promises goodbyes early june arriving night appearing breakfast table slept floor rude room barn stumping kitchen slide chair months sit nod dignified greeting chris mother saying invariably top mornin miz winter drain hay makin place closer steady job refused offer room house saying start bed fust thing want sheets sleep betwixt pajamas pair fer wash shirt fer company thing want chester drawers pull clothes purty soon hot water wash lookin glass shave fancy shirts point threw hands horror thought crushing load possessions notion tuck hit road gonna fit things bindle thanks stay spit moves thinking chris remembered happy summer evenings spent perching fence rail listening husky ageless voice telling countless places things seen suddenly disturbing thought struck
blessed sanctuary room chris decided trying figure cal fitch find soon present free plunge book put ago prying shoes untying settled battered leather chair picked book minutes didn read word darkening woods feeling strange tingling told wild dog dog creatures antennae reached darkness touched later deep book vaguely aware goodbye saying rooms later step hall tap door cal voice mind sure chris quickly closed book sat straight bracing door swung open cal stood lean height accentuated dimness hall hand pocket jingling keys small change face wore determined seriousness chris impression ill ease crossed room rangy strides settled haunch corner desk line thing sort analyze happened stand fair chris nodded eyes watchful okay shapes promised mother peace herbie didn
drum nearly full rewarded sight mother going garage car threw cheerful wave switched hose drum chance thursday picked susie grade school took ballet lesson town car vanished lane chris walked quickly house opened freezer porch considerable rummaging bottom shelf pulled large packages penciled mom hand venison steak heard mention ago venison freezer disposed laid packages tractor seat drum half full put rubber gloves protect hands poured required amount poisonous exchanged gloves regular leather gloves soon soaked impossible drive pressure gun thick clumsy rubber diluted fifty gallons water spray harmful skin hoped waited drum fill started tractor flipped power gear rewarded pulsations pump aimed heavy gun impudent thistle growing fence twenty feet pulled trigger yellowish stream spurted drenched offending weed
stocky arrived chris tell churning kitchen talking getting accomplished heard familiar dry husky voice saying yup older penny poorer hungrier bet bottom mom put grinned washed blue eyes turning slits looked pair creases leathery skin turned sound susie feet pounding floor grabbed arms flung held aloft receive hug tar put gently purtiest gal seen looked chris standing doorway grinning shook head despairingly thought age grow foot shorter started forward chris meet grin yer sight end road boy chris think say wouldn sound silly merely tightened grip hard hand breathed dry sharp smell snuff part voice appetite reason chris glanced cal aware odd conflict part sympathy part sort gloating satisfaction stepfather leaning hip sink obviously keeping background wore faint smile looked uneasy smile newcomer roomful known
urged voice low mysteriously unchildlike re woods quiet re watching wild dog watching re thinking re thinking pretty important wouldn re thinking chris rolled stared milky blue vastness sky don susie think kinds things mixed moving begun talk trapped feeling place wondering relief think lost lonely things helpless things baby birds kids dog helpless big strong fierce care lost lonely reason makes worse don groped explain felt getting cry silent thinking explained lot things susie spoke small voice haven cry chris sort scary thing began easy talk looking sky susie listening comes sudden anyway happens handle cut loose bawl wipe nose tell okay quit hurting scaring making mad
smoke looked bit meat chris face wanting coaxed chris smacking chewing noises smoke merely watched appeared polite interest chris trying amuse situation funny desperate need pill inside dog didn dare poke throat attempt smoke lowered head sniffed meat licked tentatively moment later vanished chris felt yelling joy praised dog extravagantly ventured pat head stood slowly began backing stay later real dinner leaped stood looking getting bearings order find spot easily rain falling steadily head dripping didn mind looking forward sumptuous meal raw eggs meat serve smoke hours pleasant picture shattered moment later odd sound reached whirled smoke standing head drooping low sides heaving rhythmically stomach labored expel morsel meat chris watched horrified pity dog retched painfully vomited minute later chris burst dead run dripping forest clearing headed slope thing
giving instructions brought trailer halt front chicken house chris leaped reaching smoke inert body doc stopped stuff carry chris stepped house carrying boxes unrecognizable objects car found doc bag open side kneeling straw bed smoke lay limp doc brilliant rain gear lay heap door set stuff reach shoulder somethin sit don squat setting boxes chris saw doc shiny blade shave patch hair side smoke forelegs bottle bag piece gauze patch bare pink skin sharp astringent odor alcohol mingled smells wet dog wet clothing huge hands working swiftly deftly vet carefully inserted large needle skin hand grip wrapped tape leg places chris asked going feed doc looking give course banquet swallow boxes pulled length rubber hose big pencil slipped needle contraption look roared humorous severity hey goin hot water
moment swung round tight corner narrow bridge land rover gave strange jerking leap lurched side hedge braking hard hauled wheel managed stop angle wheel ditch damn force opening door scrambled happened happened pointed finger nearside front wheel tyre pressed hopelessly flat rock jutting hedge look ripped open thick tyres think light husky voice high astonishment rock lying road shook curly head goes hedge huge end sit rock half size wonder banished shyness car jump funny thing jump sideways wasn tyre blowing feels straightened brushing rain spangled eyebrows wheel change hopefully help looked shadowed eyes pale face beneath thick straight brown hair grinned suddenly directly met face look untroubled young ill put rain changing wheel mam fifty fits warm
wrong steering car david evans elbows indignation tell lurched reason ask true car sort jump sideways hit rock don jump run loose stone road pretty big stone sign allies uncle drained teacup gazing top sure laughing steering checked anyway john extra fencing slid welsh unthinking bother occupied trying scorn small voice mind irrational small voice irrational suggestion want car jump part mind whispering don ask david evans dropped small shop buy postcards chugged leave land rover garage bought card showing sinister dark lake surrounded welsh looking mountains wrote sends love mother post office solemn unmistakable red brick building corner high street looked wondering choosing random hoping sea turned narrow curving high street
sound found john rowlands unexpectedly walking fields river high wild hedge side dark ploughed soil heard dull muffled thudding ahead suddenly curve field saw figure moving steadily rhythmically slow deliberate dance stopped watched fascinated rowlands shirt half open red kerchief tied round neck making transformation moved gradually hedge chopping carefully murderous tool cross axe pirate cutlass setting hauling interweaving remained rank growth hedge grew wild high arms groping uncontrolled directions hazel hawthorn grow full trees moved relentless swaying left neat fence scores beheaded branches bristling waist high spears branch bent mercilessly angles woven rest part hurdle watched silent rowlands aware straightened breathing heavily pulled red kerchief loose wiped forehead loosely round neck creased brown face lines dark eyes turned upwards looked velvet voice solemn thinking wonderful healthy hedge full leaves hawthorn berries reaching heavens hacking butcher jointing sheep taming naked fence bones grace
lonely part road barren moorland side road dark tree clad mountainside rising fields cultivated bracken rocks fringed roadside track open mountain suddenly aware change sound sheep higher note alarm bleating flurry scuffling hooves thought john rowlands tip heading runaway heard sharp piercing whistle moment pen swinging round sheep growling barking threatening standstill heard john rowlands calling quick ran skirting frightened bleating sheep jerked halt halfway past flock edge road splash red throat single tottering animal smaller rest saw flicker movement bracken unseen creature fled mountain fronds waved watched horrified wounded sheep staggered sideways fell fellows pushed terrified dogs growled threatened frantically herd heard john rowlands yelling stick hard road yelled waved arms heaving flock sheep keeping tried panic break moor gradually nervous animals calmed john rowlands bending injured ewe shouted heaving backs hurt missed vein
awful thing happened told bran sheep left quick glimpse attacker think white dog sure sheep alive john left bran yes think chance stopped took expect john checking weird business bran stood stretching practising want tell aunt jen bran picked flat leather schoolbag chair door drop home put kettle da comes cuppa round working nearby curiously mother dead died baby don remember bran gave strange sideways look told dad re bachelor household mrs evans nice eat supper farm weekends course haven weekend feel weeks putting face sun bran spoke making oddly uneasy want think closely pushed mind join image flicker white muzzle bracken da thinking school bran laughed young trying persuade school boys puppies
telephoning caught bran farm david evans took land rover tall thin farmer called tom ellis arrived car hastily filled fire brooms sacking buckets uncle small hope dogs left fire seeing cock head plaintive barking sheep wonder caught sight bran face wished close fire mountain alarming distance smell hear smell smoke bitter farm bonfire hear soft dreadful sound flames consuming bracken paper crumpled hand sudden crackling roar bush patch gorse flames leaping high bright red yellow edges fire ferocious invisible heart tumbled car david evans yelling fire brooms bran pulled fashioned sweeping twigs longer wider spread john rowlands bran father equipped thrashing leading edge fire trying wind higher flames leaping creeping soon past travelling lower edge mountain
figure sea blue robe raven boy yes turned bran standing hesitantly nearer fire beckoned bran forward slowly feet unwilling swam treacle stood side light torches walls shone white hair lord sea blue robe leaned forward throne glimpsed keen strong face pointed grey beard astonishingly bran side white dog stood erect quivering move inch forward obeying instruction told place tail waved furiously side side waved bran gave soft small whine white teeth glinted hooded face named named bran jealously sudden fierce anxiety dog added muffled lord feel alarm temerity laughter shadows kindly fear boy high magic dog certainly dark try succeed leaned forward suddenly instant strong bearded face clear voice softened aching sadness creatures earth boy creatures liberty greed stupidity volition beware race bran davies harm end
round face grave spell protection untouched run course looked ruefully bran interesting reception leave place care protection words deep gentle top hall turning saw bearded lord robe blue summer sea sitting enthroned shadows spoke light began gradually grow hall torches burned higher glimmering swords hanging stone music golden harp blue robed lord power broken dark light high magic harp played protection safe kind harm spell play harp gold music wrap safety slowly enchantment play think played art skillful fingers play harp lord paused bran bran looked instrument held harp took harp frame slender ornate fashioned golden vine gold leaves flowers twine round strings strings looked gold
grey fox king swerved midair screamed headlong rush bird rock sprung aiming straight bran head neck shock fierce leap turned balance send spinning sideways rock screamed unnatural sound boys flinch horror stop turn bay rushed frenzy mountain instant barking joyous triumph tearing empty rock grey drizzling sky instantly filled disaster overpowering thought reached seized golden harp cried bran stop stop stop bran gave frightened look flung running stumbling desperately calling dog scrambling rock harp arm saw white head moving fast nearest field blur speed knew pursuing grey fox head dizzy foreboding ran high land fields roofs farm nearby grey white knot sheep figures skidded halt suddenly harp means explaining harp moments harp hidden looked wildly fire touched field
fain say concerning chinese sandwich islanders read pages live england condition especially outward condition circumstances town bad improved travelled deal concord shops offices fields inhabitants appeared penance thousand remarkable ways heard sitting exposed fires looking face sun hanging suspended heads downward flames looking heavens shoulders impossible resume natural position twist neck liquids pass stomach dwelling chained foot tree measuring bodies caterpillars breadth vast empires standing leg tops pillars forms conscious penance incredible astonishing scenes daily witness twelve labors hercules trifling comparison neighbors undertaken twelve end slew captured monster finished labor friend burn hot iron root hydra head soon head crushed spring young townsmen misfortune inherited farms houses barns cattle farming tools easily acquired rid
warmed modes want surely warmth kind richer food larger splendid houses finer abundant clothing numerous incessant hotter fires obtained things alternative obtain adventure vacation humbler toil commenced soil appears suited seed radicle downward send shoot upward confidence rooted firmly earth rise proportion heavens nobler plants valued fruit bear air light ground treated humbler cultivated till perfected root cut top purpose flowering season mean prescribe rules strong valiant natures mind affairs heaven hell perchance build magnificently spend lavishly richest knowing live dreamed find encouragement inspiration precisely present condition things cherish fondness enthusiasm lovers extent reckon number speak employed circumstances employed mainly mass discontented idly complaining hardness lot times improve
consider neighbors farmers concord classes find part toiling twenty thirty forty real owners farms commonly inherited bought hired money regard toil cost houses commonly paid true outweigh farm farm found inherit acquainted says applying assessors surprised learn dozen town farms free clear history homesteads inquire bank mortgaged actually paid farm labor rare neighbor point doubt concord merchants large majority ninety hundred sure fail equally true farmers regard merchants says part failures genuine pecuniary failures merely failures fulfil engagements inconvenient moral character breaks puts infinitely worse face matter suggests succeed saving souls perchance bankrupt worse sense fail honestly
sure give poor aid need leaves give money spend merely abandon curious mistakes poor cold hungry dirty ragged gross partly taste merely misfortune give money buy rags wont pity clumsy irish laborers cut ice pond mean ragged clothes shivered tidy fashionable garments till bitter cold slipped water house warm saw strip pairs pants pairs stockings ere skin dirty ragged true afford refuse extra garments offered ducking thing needed began pity saw greater charity bestow flannel shirt slop shop thousand hacking branches evil striking root bestows largest amount money needy mode produce misery strives vain relieve pious slave breeder devoting proceeds tenth slave buy sunday liberty rest show kindness poor employing kitchens kinder employed
part easily post office think important communications speak critically received letters wrote ago worth postage penny post commonly institution seriously offer penny thoughts safely offered jest sure read memorable news newspaper read robbed murdered killed accident house burned vessel wrecked steamboat blown cow run western railroad mad dog killed lot grasshoppers winter need read acquainted principle care myriad instances applications philosopher news called gossip edit read women tea greedy gossip rush hear offices learn foreign news arrival large squares plate glass belonging establishment broken pressure news seriously think ready wit write twelve month twelve sufficient accuracy
think learned letters read literature forever repeating words syllable fourth classes sitting lowest foremost form lives satisfied read hear read perchance convicted wisdom book bible rest lives dissipate faculties called easy reading volumes circulating library entitled reading thought referred town ostriches digest sorts fullest dinner meats vegetables suffer wasted machines provide provender machines read read thousandth tale zebulon loved loved course true love run smooth rate run stumble poor unfortunate steeple belfry needlessly happy novelist rings bell hear dear part think metamorphose aspiring heroes universal weather cocks put heroes constellations let swing round till rusty bother honest pranks
inconvenience experienced small house difficulty getting sufficient distance guest began utter big thoughts big words want room thoughts sailing trim run course port bullet thought overcome lateral motion fallen steady course reaches ear hearer plow side head sentences wanted room unfold form columns interval individuals nations suitable broad natural boundaries considerable neutral ground found singular luxury talk pond companion opposite side house begin hear speak low heard throw stones calm water break merely loquacious loud talkers afford stand cheek jowl feel breath speak thoughtfully want farther animal heat moisture chance evaporate enjoy intimate society spoken silent commonly bodily possibly hear voice case referred standard speech convenience hard hearing fine things say shout
notice peculiarities visitors girls boys young women generally glad woods looked pond flowers improved business farmers thought solitude employment distance dwelt loved ramble woods occasionally obvious restless committed getting living keeping ministers spoke god enjoyed monopoly subject bear kinds opinions doctors lawyers uneasy housekeepers pried cupboard bed mrs sheets clean young ceased young concluded safest follow beaten track professions generally position ay rub infirm timid age sex thought sickness sudden accident death full danger danger don think thought prudent carefully select safest position dr hand moment warning village literally com league mutual defence suppose medicine chest amount alive danger die danger allowed proportion dead alive begin
ancient poetry mythology suggest husbandry sacred art pursued irreverent haste object large farms large crops merely festival procession ceremony excepting cattle shows called thanksgivings farmer expresses sense sacredness calling reminded sacred origin premium feast tempt sacrifices ceres terrestrial jove infernal selfishness habit free regarding soil property means acquiring property chiefly landscape deformed husbandry degraded farmer leads meanest lives knows nature robber cato says profits agriculture pious pius according romans called earth mother ceres thought cultivated led pious left race king saturn wont forget sun looks cultivated fields prairies forests distinction reflect absorb rays alike small part glorious picture daily course view earth equally cultivated garden receive benefit light heat trust magnanimity seeds beans harvest fall
magician considered rich owned house barns silos stables hay loft courtyard apple trees garden esther grew vegetables lacked children esther conceive wife knew knit sew wedding gown bake gingerbread tarts tear pip chicken apply cupping glass leeches bleed patient younger days tried sorts remedies barrenness late nearly forty magician held small esteem community wore beard synagogue yom kippur happened lublin esther hand wore customary kerchief kitchen observed sabbath laws spent sabbath talking smoking cigarettes musicians earnest moralists attempted mend ways answer heaven god look risky debate fool knew read russian polish informed jewish matters reckless win bet spent night cemetery walk tightrope skate wire climb walls open lock abraham locksmith rubles lock open worked months picked shoemaker awl lublin chosen crime house safe
high crowned hat tugged white beard moaned softly shadows danced walls flickering memorial candle menorah moment lingered open door inhaling mixture wax tallow musty remembered childhood jews entire community spoke god saw plagues famines poverty gifts deemed merciful compassionate proclaimed chosen envied unswerving faith stood moment continuing streetlamps lit difference scarcely illumined darkness customers sight hard understand shops remained open shaven skulls sat darning socks sewing aprons undershirts grandchildren knew married fourteen fifteen grandmothers thirties age prematurely invited puckered faces stolen teeth left benign affectionate father grandfather born remained stranger simply cast jewishness stranger warsaw jews gentiles settled domesticated moving children grandchildren god saints leaders doubt death meant paradise dread thing soul happened left body
kissed vowed eternal love scenes liked tease sorts contingencies vex puzzling questions wait imprisoned america contracted consumption confined sanitarium esther offered reply love end resorted kind interrogation demanded happen ascetic repent bricked cell door saint lithuania remain true give food slit wall esther seal cell repent depends sort passion trying control answered seal ended fresh caresses endearments protestations undying love esther later fell asleep suffered terrifying nightmare fasted noon quietly uttered prayer found prayer book god almighty dreams dropped groschen box mayer miracle worker asked give holy promise torment idle talk person future ordained heaven holidays hitched wagon prepared leave journey took monkey crow parrot esther cried eyes swelled left lucky
eventually current leader tiny fellow eyes pointed bald head sharp nose chin arms ape greater poland dressed foppishly colored trousers yellow shoes velvet vests embroidered shirts hat feather head especially high heels boots added stature skillful steal watch pickpocket knew russian polish german terms authorities fact thief intermediary ago served prison term theft cheated nobleman card game known chain sharp cards blind locks match showed tricks baffled packs cards pocket marked unmarked notoriously restless stay chair sat table wriggled caged animal wolf trying bite tail cocked head spoke side mouth eh asked nasal tones clasp hand join brotherhood rot jail wits skim cream top smart called blind caught wind blowing shot
magda cuddled silently peasant eyes saw things city dweller preoccupied evening sun set wagon trundled forest road clearly perceived emilia face moon pine trees moved backwards black eyes smiled lips moved continuously put arm magda laid head shoulder asleep awake tried sort decision fancy grew vivid dreamed wagon train italy rode emilia hear locomotive whistle window cypress trees palms mountains castles vineyards orchards orange olive trees passed peasants women houses seen things wondered paintings opera experienced earlier existence customarily stopovers trip decided ride ahead arrive warsaw morning highwaymen supposedly lurked road pistol pocket riding imagined performing european theaters ladies boxes fixed ambassadors barons generals backstage pay respects pair artificial wings flew capitals multitudes ran streets pointing shouting flew received messages carrier pigeon invitations rulers princes cardinals estate south italy emilia waited
lay bedroom janitor tend horses magda animals fed watered parrot crow monkey quartered room scrawny magda promptly began scrub floor generations peasants inherited strength servility dozed awoke dozed house unpaved courtyard geese cackled ducks quacked roosters crowed country open window breezes vistula forest wafted downstairs beggar scratched tune street organ sang warsaw melody thrown coin limbs felt numb dreaming thinking drag boggy perform fire stations thoughts whirled rhythm street organ abandon cost tear free swamp someday wander street organ morning dusk magda brought dish potatoes sour milk parsley ate bed head pillow opened eyes nighttime bedroom dark late detect sound cobbler driving tacks shoe neighborhood installed gas lamps light naphtha lamps housewives mended washed dishes darned sewed patches
magda acted shocked suggestion held stripped ashamed nudity gaunt body ribs jutted breastbone flat breasts knees angular arms lean sticks rash spread face stood shamefaced skeleton climbed tub bathed soaped fondled tickled laugh bore alcove drew bed curtains love period fear gripped heart clearly warlock strength devil lately avoided days heard sound voice spoke questioned rural customs harvest rites spoke fairies secrete corn hide harvesters sickles threshers told female dummy straw boys cast river tree peasants prayed rain priests forbidden wooden rooster village elder attic times drought doused water talisman bring rain heard questioned believe god asked yes believe create trousers pockets ten rubles seamstress don pockets
absurd thoughts attacked played game maybes schoolboy speculated father devil teacher demon tutor merely illusion propensities remained walk hop stairs bird run nail forefinger plaster wall likewise afraid dark dare spent night cemetery shapes evolved shadows terrifying faces manes pointed beaks holes eyes constantly felt thinnest barriers separated dark swarmed aiding playing sorts tricks fight constantly fall tightrope lose power speech grow infirm impotent saw standing gate beneath lamppost shawl draped shoulders street lamp cast radiant yellow face exactly provincial woman freshly arrived warsaw arranged hair buns side obvious attempt younger hovered transitory air torn roots feel alien re started began think coming move kiss housewife walked carrying pail water pump sighing mumbling
street completely dark globes infrequent lampposts smoke stained murky gutters filled mud summer feast fall rains lumberyards establishments maintained tombstone carvers house staying street jewish cemetery entered door set wooden fence stairs house entered pink kitchen illuminated naphtha lamp covered fringed paper shade fringed paper stove cupboard shelves dishes chair sat woman sweep yellow hair yellow eyes beaked nose sharp chin feet red house slippers rested footstool cat dozed nearby hand woman held sock stretched glass darned raised eyes half surprise mrs lublin told magician mrs stuck needle sock talks magician magician don look magician look musician saw fiddle difference rubbed thumb palm immediately began talk language re lying money thief comes warsaw goes mrs find
francis father smoked roots grass died periodic droughts afflicting cemetery stored root essence pockets brittle touch pulverized fingers packed pipe francis mother wove crosses dead dandelions deep rooted weeds careful preserve fullest length wove green stage death ate insatiable revulsion look tomb francis companion somethin arthur grogan saw albany kid owned electricity town rudy don bet francis kind guys hang thing advancing dust arthur grogan restless simulated parthenon grew luminous francis memory vital truck rolled hill roadside kennedy daugherty mcdonald small francis saw pair stones turned eyes fearful infant son gerald confronted gerald directly let child slip diaper confront avoided headstones grounds belonged family entirely correct graves held brawny young brothers whiskey bottle dumped erie canal front black rag saloon pushed drowned stick
walked downtown albany cemetery miles francis felt healthy liked bad didn feel healthy drank felt healthy especially morning woke middle night say felt dead head throat stomach needed straight drink maybe didn brain overheat trying fix things eyes blow jeez tough need drink throat open sore morning wine place open money bum place open tough pal tough rudy francis walked broadway street francis felt pull turn look house born goddamned brothers sisters lived looked mother finally died kick ass let joint fall bury look thought let rot let bugs eat cemetery kathryn sensing son mood grew restless idea death change furtive burst energy wove cross shallow rooted weeds quickly swallowed disappointed taste weeds appealed kathryn direct ratio length roots
francis found grave search stood reconstructed moment child slipping fingers death prayed repeal hang coal bin picking child change diaper denied prayed son eternal peace grave true boy suffered short died quickly cracked felt pain sudden twist gerald michael born april died april born lived days unlucky child loved tears oozed francis eyes fell pitched forward grave clutching grass remembering diaper grip smelled gerald pungent water squeezed horrified hand drop sacred fluid fell twenty francis panoramic memory hear feel detail left talk baseball dunn king brady saloon walk home cap brady beer getting heavy taste brady clean pipes taylor kid door passing green memory begun returning forgotten images equated arthur grogan strawberry bill memory vivid eyesight remember francis told gerald grave tried think things died
slid schooner high collar bar francis looked rudy ordered piano player struck medley seen days sweetheart moon urged audience knew lyrics join song look friend mine francis told drilling smile stare full head silver waves eloquent white mustache stared ignite memory looked francis pee wee smiling think turks thinkin francis seen wasn pussy tickler stroked silvery lip guys drunk york drunk bar avenue pee wee stuck hand francis francis francis rudy kraut nuts kind fella oscar pee wee pee wee hand remember oscar helen francis hangs damned oscar folks remember boys don drink anymore hey pee wee turned francis waitin till retire retired forty ago pee wee true worked today gettin rich duds re sport oscar
sandra answered enveloping silence francis pushed cowl face vivid moonlight saw nose cheek chin shook head clear vision saw fingers flesh forefinger thumb left hand chewed dogs looked street saw red eyed mongrel waiting half lit corner alley charged picking stone cur fled alley francis turned ankle raised sidewalk brick sprawled pavement picked cur sucked dirt cuts crossed street goblins broadway ragged masked danced helen pee wee bending sandra straightened goblin dance gained ferocity jam jelly big fat belly goblins yelled helen drew intensified chant hey kids francis yelled let danced skull goblin poked helen stomach stick swung skull hand goblin grabbed purse scattered bastards devils helen cried running francis pee wee joined chase pounding night longer sure wore skull mask goblins ran alleys corners fled capture francis turned helen weeping gasping doubled spasm loss francis money helen money
helen pulled arm francis tightened collar neck hugged buried hands armpits chilled bones chilly mean real chill deep chill francis put arm walked steps jack house stood east side ten broeck street block street arbor hill named revolutionary war hero noted place dozen city lumber barons lived row competitive luxury homes barons built handsome brownstones cut apartments jack furnished rooms downstairs door jack opened key helen francis climbed broad walnut staircase vaguely elegant despite threadbare carpet francis knocked jack opened door looked expression ominous hand held door ajar gripped jamb hey jack francis ya chances bum gettin drink jack opened door wider look francis saw helen let arm fall backed apartment kate smith piped small phonograph speaker radio carolina moon shining waiting kate phonograph sat clara balancing chamber pot propped sides purple throw pillows giving look astride animal red bedspread covered legs fallen side revealing naked left thigh visible buttocks
francis saw framed shack window watching approach francis pushed open door confronted short filthy figure visible sinew moon faced bald broad fingers roots oak tree howdy francis yeah preacher lookin strong maybe stronger pick anvil anvils collect show anvil play hell pickin barrel pick pointed oil drum half full wood scraps junk metal francis wrapped arms lifted difficulty put pick stuff francis asked stood lifted drum noticeable strain held aloft call heavy heaved drum upward set bottom edge shoulder let slide chest level hugged set lifetime lifting clear want dollar till dark bite worth feed families week dollars
room michael embraced wife fifty ran finger crevice breasts francis saw mother shudder assumed abhorrent touch love firstborn francis room heard nocturnal rumblings knew resisted husband michael finally overcome force threatening case priest francis hear resentment moans anguish eternal arguments sinfulness hated fact knew committed intercourse order children chagrin endlessly satisfying francis husband lifted head virginal mother recoiled francis recognized spiritually induced terror visible eyes grave skin fresh pink lining coffin rosy bloom lifeless spun silk magenta burial dress dead francis thought felt pity woman nuns priests yielded fresh body husband obligation francis felt iron maiden induced chastity piercing tightening body bloodless cold granite angel
nice rest rest doin francis stuff throwing armful clothes wagon francis looked clean soft white white shirt sleeve half caught eye shirt buy reached wagon lifted pile quarter pay francis deal bum needs clean shirt stinks dead cat tidy bum sensitive tidy bum wagon katrina unwrapped parcel dining room table took francis hand pulled chair unbuttoned buttons blue workshirt thing held gift aloft white white silk shirt rare francis fruits de mer chateau consumed torso naked katrina stunned kiss exploration fingertips held crystal vase fearful fragility lips eyes sanctified valley mouth stood inches hands gripping naked cautiously brought fingers face neck emulating explored exposed regions shoulders throat letting natural curve collar guide top button blouse
weeks leaving leakeys aided walking stick carved sympathetic african encountered road hired driver dozen porters carrying basics camping gear food began arduous hour climb remote meadow lies feet immediately adjacent foot mt des zaire known democratic republic congo visit study site george eminent american scientist person conduct reliable field study mountain gorillas amassing hours observation area meadow contained grave carl american naturalist responsible urging belgian government create albert national park protection mountain gorillas volcanic habitat mountains object twenty dispute belgium representing present portion germany area britain side boundaries finally settled square miles set park established carl convinced king albert belgium expand protected area chain included called albert national park named section national des called national des uganda gorilla habitat designated gorilla sanctuary died revisiting buried meadow edge accordance wishes
congolese park guard arrived serve temporary tracker wonderful guide met joan alan root camp substitute previous experience tracking increasingly evident tiring meanderings revealed absolutely gorilla sign proved equally unrewarding gorillas concerned provided laughs hours trail dense herbaceous foliage suddenly spotted gorilla sized black object appeared sunbathing hundred feet opposite side deep ravine slowly binoculars readied notebook pen stopwatch finding obscured vantage point observe animal contentedly open slope hour study object move guide quietly snored stopwatch ticked realized gorilla observations required patience unduly testing page data remained absolutely blank hour finally awoke guide asked remain creep closer sunbathing animal forget chagrin felt realizing gorilla observing hour actually giant forest hog seeing animal crept thicker foliage disappeared days later found aged body lying forest floor large tree apparently died natural surprises didn occur necessarily daytime
half hour reaching slopes bamboo zone previously part park doomed culled today area tin large parking lot exist convenience tourists grateful knew region late thick bamboo felt small bit magic wilderness fresh elephant droppings sighted signs gorilla bamboo belt trail led cool rock tunnel feet width thirty feet length crumbling sides lava tunnel bore impressions created rough hides elephants tunnel passageway forest bamboo firm floor tunnel bore smooth patterns elephant footprints misty air filled odor ten later elephants killed poachers sides tunnel covered thick layers moss signs animal species original inhabitants volcanoes tunnel created entrance gorilla served passageway civilization silent forest opened vista densely vegetated slopes massive moss clad trees formed partial canopy sides trail tree common tree found saddle area progressively abundant higher mountain slopes steeper slopes support bulk
scarce keenly sought food related mistletoe altitudes feet grows spindly trees immature animals able collect leafy flowered stalks weighty adults frequently sit trees waiting tidbits fall youngsters mistake painstakingly descending forest floor eat collection comfortably bothered pilfering adults trouble bullying young acquisitions special food bracket fungus parasitical tree growth resembling large solidified mushroom shelflike projection difficult break free tree younger animals wrap arms legs awkwardly trunk content gnawing delicacy older animals succeed breaking fungus loose observed carrying hundred feet source guarding dominant individuals attempts scarcity fungus gorillas liking squabbles number settled simply takes item contention group disputes arise restricted feeding sites prized foods create crowded conditions common occurs entire group seeks access limited bamboo patches found saddle zone happens dry months gorillas soil eating binges ridges earth rich calcium potassium dig favored group ridge supporting numerous trees dug gorillas tree roots formed exposed gnarled supports vast caves created animals repeated soil digging
ironically poachers introduced group encountered mt group batwa hunting duiker bows arrows hearing screaming outbreak slopes camp tell gorillas whereabouts poachers group returned camp elated contacted gorillas established camp typing field notes evening heard gorilla vocalizations slopes tent sounds approximately mile left group earlier gorilla groups ordinarily travel yards realized study group group morning climbed source previous evening vocalizations picked gorillas trail tracked ridge thick trees high camp seeing animals instantly hid exception young juvenile swing branches leaping crash foliage instantly named icarus group members fifteen later learn retreated twenty feet farther feeding peeked shyly dense vegetation imp icarus boldly climbed tree show acrobatic ability stare curiously human seen munching wild celery stalks half hour contact group realized group maintained protective flank positions females young
august eleven months interaction groups bravado gave birth offspring male infant named curry sixth infant born group curry newborns beethoven sexually mature male group hoped curry birth tangible evidence bravado link dominant improve mother status group remained apprehensive group higher ranking females effie liza bravado spent edge group deprived curry opportunities social interactions curry months developed active socially inclined baby bravado allow beethoven offspring groom cuddle play group newest addition felt bravado prolonged period social ostracism ended unexpected occurred april curry nearly ten months tracker found baby broken body left flee trail interaction group examination corpse revealed ten bite wounds varying severity bite fractured infant femur ruptured gut causing instant death course measuring photographing remains found curry fingernail impressions remained pink indentations palms hands curry introduction infanticide gorillas morning recovery curry body showed lone charged group resting period subsequent encounter group lone male extremely violent evidenced numerous dung blood deposits flee trail
effie dependable temperament contributed secure development offspring maintenance top rank beethoven breeding females rainy resting period effie built large bathtub nests bushy branches settled comfortably downpour beethoven slipshod nest settled resignedly rain increased half hour passed began appraising comfortable positions effie abruptly stood strutted effie side stared accusingly effie shifted positions pretended ignore miffed expression beethoven strutted twenty feet stood stilted intimidating position nearly top young mother leaving doubt nature intent fully expected ooze submissively side nest obedience beethoven postural command clear wasn going pull rank looked directly harshly pig grunted dignity muster beethoven promptly withdrew plodded effie nest stand side looking chagrined gently hand shoulder nudged effie tightened embrace poppy tuck nest squeezed closer mother beethoven drenched managed squeeze massive bulk jampacked nest effie backside large portion male body left hanging rim looked comfortable willing accept compromise effie tolerance allowed
fourteen months founding research centre approach holiday season end apprehensive impending increase activities des holidays demand poached meat trophies rose prices paid illegal black market successful gain substantial income period patrols conducted des organized performed staff park guards condition pay wages supply food uniforms requests willingly fulfilled hope replacing lethargy motivation job reason delighted shortly christmas park arrive camp unannounced accompanied guards arrival park service ready accept responsibility efforts shock asked help capture infant gorilla study groups stunned told entered des arrival september city officials visiting rwanda cologne germany requested mountain gorilla cologne zoo turn promised donate land rover unspecified amount money conservation des request casually asking length explained officials consider proposition emphasized strength gorilla family bonds stressed majority group members killed allow offspring captured poachers
cabin pucker tended gaze mountain slopes expressions longing mixed slyness fully realized gorillas frequent meadows belonged thick vegetation slopes forest pucker conflict triggered loud outbreak heard group high slopes camp youngsters playing meadow course radio drown vocalizations hesitation pucker began running mountain direction sound willingly tagging caught started climbing slopes tourists chosen visible path case heavily elephant trail managed lead halted huge waterfilled elephant footprint give pucker seeing creep gave mighty shove sending chin deep muddy contents bog needed send fleeing pucker alternative follow hearing outbreaks group pucker continued try lure mountain slopes fortunately bribed bananas vast supply secreted pockets walking area pucker suddenly ran large cluster trees edge forest leading mountain leapt arms rapid pursuit unusual
titanic forces built himalayas mountains earth proceed slowly invisible eyes occasionally burst dramatic displays force show earth begins shake land explodes lava erupts ground basalt black heavy area continuously active centuries iceland place volcanic activity kind molten rock spills huge cracks run island ugly tide hot basalt boulders advances land creeping flood creaks rocks cool crack rattles lumps tumble front edge basalt liquid fountain fire orange red sides piercing yellow centre spout metres air sustained roar gigantic jet engine molten basalt splashes vent lava froth thrown high main plume howling wind catches cools blows coat distant rocks layers grey prickly grit approach upwind heat ash blown stand metres vent scorching face wind ash begin fall large red hot lumps land thud sizzle snow nearby sharp eye flying boulders run
kinds creatures permanent residence strange places tiny hairs cover hanging roots feeding kinds insects including crickets springtails beetles preying spiders creatures exactly close relatives live open air island lost eyes wings part animal anatomy loses function development waste bodily energy individuals squander resources advantage continue generations tendency useless organs reduced size finally disappear hand positive advantage blackness cave antennae legs creature detect obstacles food lava tube creatures unusually legs antennae wastelands produced continental eruptions easier colonise smooth basaltic flows difficult plants root hold ash lava desert created mount st helens blew side reclaimed plants corners mud banks beneath boulders find small accumulations fluffy airborne seeds belong willow herb waist high plant produces spike handsome purple flowers seeds light fluffy float wind hundreds miles europe war willow herb appeared bombed sites weeks broken masonry colour
lichens organisms tolerate oppressive conditions spectacularly species grow rocks antarctic flat skins crusts curling strips commonest black snow insects absorbs maximum heat meagre light form curling tangles bristly slightly rubbery branching hairs miniature forests communities tiny animals springtails flocks mites bigger pinhead clamber slowly branches browsing carnivorous mites plod slightly lively seizing jaws carrying eat alive species moss endure frozen solid weeks end alga unbelievably manages penetrate cleavage cracks rocks lives inside light filters translucent minerals species flowering plants stunted grass kind carnation plants grow sufficient profusion provide food animals size creatures live shores ice fields antarctica derive sustenance directly indirectly plants grow land sea waters southern ocean warmer land constantly circulation moving antarctic temperate regions farther north salty turn ice temperature falls degree cold water dissolved oxygen warm water antarctic seas consequence rich floating algae
birds powerful beaks excavate nest holes tree trunks drilling neat horizontal hole foot cutting chamber frequently choose dead trees doubt rotting wood softer living trees trees infected bark beetles provide rich food supply conveniently hand drumming noise rapid blows woodpecker beak tree trunk characteristic sounds forest birds produce solely feeding excavating nest beat tattoos resonating timber reason birds sing declare possession territory attract mate species length drum roll characteristic interval burst species woodpecker specialise foods green woodpecker taking bark boring beetles descends ground forage ants wryneck dependent primarily climber lacks stiff tail woodpeckers sticky tongue flicks nest ants bring acorn woodpecker exploits wood boring skills drilling neat sockets tree trunks diameter exactly accommodates acorns cover favoured tree hundred holes store acorns accumulating massive larder winter specialised group family sap suckers bore holes tree trunks purpose
light warmth moisture west africa southeast asia islands western pacific south america panama amazon basin southern brazil consequence lands blanketed densest richest proliferation plants found technically evergreen rain forest widely known jungle conditions compared forests farther north change close equator amount sunshine length remains variation rainfall marginal wet wetter comparison environments ocean merely temporary phases lakes fill mud turn swamps inside decades plains turn deserts inside centuries mountains worn glaciers millennia hot humid jungle standing lands equator tens millions stability unbelievable diversity exists today forest trees varied uniform smooth trunks nearly identical spear shaped leaves suggests produce flowers evident species numbers astounding hectare jungle common find hundred kinds tall tree richness restricted plants species bird live jungles amazon number insects computation
cellulose material cell walls plants difficult digest dead plant tissue lost succulent cell contents sap consists cellulose unrewarding material creatures concerned termites deal maintaining colonies microscopic organisms group known flagellates lower part gut ability break cellulose produce sugar termites absorb product flagellates processes digest considerable numbers flagellates obtaining protein young termites belonging species soon emerge egg equip cultures invaluable protozoans sucking rear end adults termites fungus help cellulose problem foraging workers arrive nest tiny loads leaf fragments special chambers chew kind spongy compost fungus grows forming tissue interwoven threads fungus absorbs compost leaving honey coloured crumbly material fungus termites feed young sexually active females eventually fly found colony carry spores fungus indispensable dowry termites creatures able convert rotting vegetation living tissue crucial link flow nutrients organism creatures feed kinds ants exist entirely raiding termite nests carrying grubs workers food
famous journeys wildebeest rain fall uniformly serengeti southeast section dries quickly northwest grass cropped low inhabitants move million wildebeests accompanied zebras gazelles begin trek plodding columns miles northwest plunge rivers stampedes numbers concentrations drown forced water press multitude coming lions ambush pick exhausted travellers ease march kilometres reach lush pastures mara southern kenya stay feed november plains beginning fail serengeti rain beginning fall wildebeests set journey widely known migration white farther east sudan move drought flood million handsome antelope males armed graceful lyre shaped horns live grassy plains south country give birth young rainy season rains end plains begin dry move north flush green grass springs receding waters territory flanked side rivers swollen rains ethiopian border meet forced closer closer compelled eventually try crossing
animals enhance wind cooling powers liquid physical process occurs liquid gas absorbs heat water evaporates draws heat surroundings sweating cools mammal similar effect produced panting air drawn moist lining mouth saliva evaporates blood tissues beneath cooled tortoises hot wet heads neck flow saliva release large volume liquid habitually store bladder legs kangaroos australia developed special network capillaries close skin inside forearms heat intense energetically lick saliva lather fur immediately process evaporation draws heat blood beneath birds equipped animals heat parts course feathers serve retain body warmth insulators reduce transmission heat matter direction external heat effectively body heat protected feathers birds sit unharmed desert sun occasion need cool efficient form panting mammals flutter throats avoids muscular effort heaving chest nonetheless creates current air moist inside mouth sweating panting throat fluttering licking mention dumping entire reserve urine effective methods cooling desert animal pays high price
dune surface hot hours sunrise coolness inch thrust hand beneath surface sand feel surprisingly cold dune animals aware fact duck beneath surface hide escape worst heat sand cooler problems grains smooth dry impossible tunnel soil sand simply collapses move swimming action lizards regularly dive beneath surface push sand legs swimming sand legs simply wriggle lizards belonging family legs reduced size sufficient move surface held close body moving sand spend nearly surface lost legs altogether legless namib inches looks tiny smooth scaled eel scaly transparent covers grown eyes protecting wear sand grains nose pointed assisting moving lives hunting beetle grubs insects tremors sand caused moving insect detected swims sand movement pops seize unsuspecting prey legless hunted sand living mammal golden mole creature known mammals rarely seen
excavation bare memory cities remained digging began dramatic event took shape minds information catastrophe left authors antiquity full frightfulness disaster realized daily round cut abruptly suckling pig found left roast oven bread discovered half baker peel story death debacle poor bones tell bones wearing slave sifting seeping flow ash steadily risen higher higher lifting chained dog filled room perished fastened leash ceiling shovels revealed manner family tragedies scenes mothers fathers children caught absolute extremity mothers found holding children arms protecting bit veil suffocated women dug gathered valuables city gate collapsed stony hail clinging gold precious things cave reads sign mosaic gate house lytton lodged glaucus days pompeii threshold house young women found hesitated late intending house salvage treasures body body found gate hercules bodies heaped encumbered household gear grown heavy drag farther
verge actually treading earth hallowed homeric song trip cataract nile palestine syria greece sudden illness prevented visiting island ithaca journey learned latin arabic diaries written language country chanced point paying visit trojan lands decided trip fruit book written french financially independent pastor son mecklenburg developed uncanny business sense enterprises wonderfully blessed heaven says pride degree end possession means ambitious expectations added casual tone sound overweening heinrich retired business devote entirely studies completely fascinated ithaca introduction ithaca dated december subtitle reads archaeological investigations heinrich photograph st petersburg days shows prosperous gentleman wearing heavy fur cloak picture forester wife known girl inscription reads photograph henry sic apprentice herr wholesale merchant imperial st petersburg hereditary honorary freeman judge st petersburg commercial court director imperial bank st petersburg
found ancient authors located graves agamemnon murdered friends mycenae citadel site obvious graves matter entirely found troy depending homer instance staked claim passage pausanias declared previous archaeologists incorrectly translated misunderstood assumed greatest experts englishman curtius german supported idea pausanias pictured graves walls citadel mycenae maintained inside walls expressed opinion ithaca keeping tendency place stock writings ancients scientific deliberation event speculation saw irrelevant ahead dug diggings shortly proved track began august workers august carried excavating laborers carts average progress important find uncovered enormous number vases curious circular structure double row stone slabs set edge believed immediately stone circle bench elders citadel sat agora addressing assemblies taking counsel dispensing justice believed herald stood recorded electra called agora learned friends confirmed view presently found sentence pausanias relating sure agora built place senatorial assembly fashion heroes graves midst meeting place
dr franz joseph gall famous touring france order popularize theory personality itinerary marveled laughed honored home paris introduced young student immediately interested gall professional glance fell young head staggered ah exclaimed linguistic genius skull doctor information sixteen boy mastered half dozen oriental languages latin greek astounding account champollion birth recorded highly imaginative biographies fashionable nineteenth century evidence contradict colorful tale included portrait controversial science archaeology owes french town wife bookseller jacques champollion lay abed crippled unable move mid jacques regular doctors incurable called magician town incidentally southeastern part france known province miracles beautiful sections country place god reasonably expected linger hard conservative race easily aroused lethargy awakened capable excessive fanaticism catholic religion highly susceptible mystical miraculous magician evidence sources sick woman lie heated herbs drink hot wine
champollion sat unmoved fireworks patiently ordering comparing testing slowly climbing hill told pedantic brochure hand de st nicolas hieroglyphs system writing kind decorative device undeterred champollion early letter subject called interpretation hieroglyphs sacred sculptural symbols emblems egyptians real hieroglyphs idea runs counter general opinion evidence found egyptian monuments sacred sculptures distinctly show scenes mentioned snake biting swan eagle characteristic posture heavenly rain headless dove laurel leaf real hieroglyphs hieroglyphs catchall notions mystical epicureanism manner cabalistic astrological doctrines attributed agricultural mercantile administrative allusions practical biblical quotations discovered literature mention excerpts chaldean hebrew chinese egyptians champollion remarks express language interpretative sallies based path led direction champollion took intellectual discoveries seldom fixed exactly result innumerable findings protracted process training mind deal single problem
kingdom epoch political grandeur pharaohs eighteenth twentieth dynasties conquests iii forged relationships east foreign peoples forced pay tribute egypt tremendous wealth flowed land nile splendid buildings erected iii formed alliance kings babylonia successor iv husband religious reformer attempted replace religion form sun worship reason called sun god satisfied built capital desert called tell el rival thebes religion collapsed civil wars survive king rule tutankhamen royal residence moved thebes egypt reached pinnacle political power rulers nineteenth dynasty ramses ii later called ramses sixty reign projected omnipotence monumental colossal architectural works abu luxor memphis thebes temple called ramses death anarchy ensued ramses iii restored peace order reign lasted twenty egypt fell sway increasingly powerful priests amen amon intermediate period turbulence changing authority kings twenty twenty fourth dynasties interests conqueror jerusalem plundered temple solomon twenty fourth dynasty egypt ethiopian rule short
oldest era egyptian able preserve external form body later means found prevent shrinkage skin discovery moderns find mummies recognizably individual cast features corpses handled manner brain pulled nostrils metal hook visceral cavity laid open stone knife soft guts removed alternative method drag viscera anal aperture method preserved called jars large vases heart removed replaced stone remains washed soaked month brine finally dried process sources say lasted seventy days pickled corpse nested wooden coffins human shape coffins deposited stone sarcophagus body innermost coffin reclining position hands arranged crossed position chest lap allowed hang sides hair cut short female cadavers allowed remain full length beautifully waved hair genitals shaved protect entrance destructive agents orifices body plugged lime sand resin sawdust balls linen aromatic substances added plugs oddly onions perfume stoppers breasts women padded tedious process swaddling body linen winding cloths bandages
unfolded extremely exciting viewed context tutankhamen drama attempts enlarge excavation projected direction blocked entrance tomb ramses popular site tourists stopped proceed unhampered excavation resumed winter entrance tomb ramses vi small important deposit materials unearthed nearest approach real find valley carter remarks worried say triangle place workers huts stood left section untouched fear visitors moved spot small lateral valley tomb iii located dug winters finding real took stock gave consideration idea moving completely site effort yielded booty place workmen huts flint boulders investigated site base tomb ramses vi hesitation reversals plan decided expedition dedicate winter valley kings carter spot concentrated scarcely workmen huts torn soil beneath cleared entrance tomb tutankhamen richest egypt
exactly legend curse pharaohs arose traced theme played press admitted foundation story based pyramid cheops mummy wheat egyptian tombs reportedly retains power lapse thousand wheat legend widely believed today guides extra tips seeing clients find mummy wheat cracks masonry royal tombs curse pharaohs conversational material mildly gruesome sort par curse hope diamond known curse monks single circumstance started curse pharaohs legend sudden death lord carnarvon died april week losing battle effects mosquito bite began talk punishments visited spirit realm headlines revenge pharaohs began subheads announcing victim curse tutankhamen victim victim nineteenth victim death nineteenth victim reported follows today lord westbury jumped window seventh story london apartment instantly killed lord westbury son secretary howard carter archeologist tutankhamen diggings found november dead apartment bed appeared health
inevitably boiling swirling lava gases found ways escape tearing explosion craters hillsides building huge volcanoes middle miocene times say twelve million ago soared twenty thousand feet snow covered mounts kenya kilimanjaro today ages ancient volcanoes ground elements leaving mere stubs tenth original size pulverized rocks contributed layer layer deep sediments lava floor valley floor thousand feet thick ages floor sank lower lower partly weight sediments lava partly movement plates days region lake high point blister walls valley rise thousand feet lava floor virtually sheer bottom valley tanzania kenya ethiopia littered lakes extinct volcanic cones littered fossil sites rich remains early ancestors australopithecine cousins geological spectacle rift valley today unparalleled major climate past equally stunning blisters rose higher higher eventually reached point threw land east rain shadows depriving thirsty tropical forest sustenance forests east africa shrank producing patchwork embryonic savanna open terrain woodland leaving scattering west trees birds butterflies animals coastal forest north mombasa tana river reminder times past
species animal course unique looks makes living term species means humans extraordinary say baboon turning printed circuits driving car fact want highly developed culture means rules game determine survive species future blend biology culture humanity clearly unusual quality animal kingdom terms zoological classification invented carolus linnaeus mid eighteenth century homo sapiens stands representative genus homo family hominidae commonly called hominids deprived close relatives claim human chimpanzee closest cousin unlike boasts fellow members family apes orangutan gorilla unusual happened past making truly extraordinary animal left bereft living relatives unlike past hominid shares planet special ancestors break bonds biology cloak culture mean future ask questions partly unusual qualities human mind intensely inquisitive ask answers lies key term survival homo sapiens
apes monkeys eclectic food tastes depend heavily leaves fruit dietary predilection essentially confines tropics chimpanzees don actually object cold northern europe cope unappetizing offering pine needles greenery bleak winter trees true miocene ancestors diminutive agile monkeys miocene apes thrived proliferated interested called woodland apes known things paleontology proliferation species miocene apes exceeded range ideas named source confusion inevitably fossil evidence talk apelike creatures lived fifteen million ten million ago ramapithecus ramapithecus small creature close feet tall favorite true hominid bigger ramapithecus cousin enormous examples massive grinding jaws passes creature evolved bigger bigger jaws finally lumbering extinction half million ago stature dwarfed modern gorilla absolutely honest admit ramapithecus don looked don naturally don
camel trek inland boisei cranium turned days cool lakeside camp camel party rested overnight stop setting finally border ethiopia reached objective achieved morning boisei cranium turned breakfast large cup sweet tea foot survey area began pretty survey achieved thirst driving prospectors camels shortest route cranium spotted lying upright dry bed sand river thoughts thirst completely intact gleaming white cranium arresting vision fossil hunter dreams discovery dream true months dream shattered seasonal rains crashed channel running midline cranium crest bone called crest acts anchor point muscles power massive jaw inevitably missing scooping sand base extent wide cheekbones muscle anchors visible emphasizing huge flat protruding face feature contrasts small brain cc eye sockets crammed sandstone matrix giving skull ghostly blank appearance million ago creature looked varied countryside running lake vastly bigger today australopithecus boisei found kenya
treasures unearthed don colleagues thousand miles farther north hadar sites ethiopia proving remarkable area small locality found eroding hillside series bones undoubtedly homo parts skulls lower jaws complete teeth arm bones hand bones leg bones feet bones hominid fossil bonanza began late morning november mike bush called colleague tom gray think bush surveying hominid fossils gray hot tired hungry assumed bush found hippopotamus bone find trip enthusiasm gray bush standing bottom steep gully protruding block sandstone hominid teeth bush found hominid hippo gray called look teeth discussion decided excavate early morning late start happened french movie team national geographic photographer site delighted light photography morning excavation morning cameras whirring shutters clicking michele operating field microphones movie crew left shade tree top excavation slope tom gray show bones thought found
lovejoy looking problems enjoys heretical suggesting differences pelvic leg bones actually mean homo hard walking upright million ago australopithecines today efficient walkers homo pelvis upper thigh bones australopithecines lovejoy suggests ancestors bigger heads sound odd means birth canal pelvis broadened large brained babies emerge unscathed birth ligaments pelvic bones loosen widen pelvis baby head squeezed pointed shape makes hazardous journey womb don give birth babies wide hips generally wide women lovejoy calculates difference means hip joints suffer cent stress women narrower hips australopithecine joints stress neck femur smaller head simply adaptations reduced mechanical demands australopithecines hip joints differences anatomy necessarily imply important differences function australopithecine hip joint efficient homo terms stresses strains energy involved effective propelling owners upright posture charitable view hominids stood upright walked respectable striding gait
alternative explanation heretical un western behavior firm security rodney needham behavior suggests gatherer hunters confidence capacity environment support ability extract livelihood gatherer hunters steady rhythm leisure socializing move easy nonchalance camp camp fatalistic resignation confident assurance stems true intimacy nature tied slowly ripening harvest constant nagging worry freak storm pest infestation wipe food supply feature gathering hunting impresses economists leaves biologists baffled communities maintain level substantially environment theoretically support margin resource economist call earth interpretation gatherer hunters don push luck took percent environment offer poor inevitably severe deprivation suffering suggesting economics committee kung gatherer hunters decide degree resource continue operating gathering hunting built margin safety natural buffer potentially difficult gatherer hunters certainly unconscious element lives
compared males females tremendous investment offspring males investment course genes womenfolk prepared nurture products genes offspring males need exert find deep muddy waters sophisticated genetics avoid issue females pivotal position social group tanner argue put hands power exploit technological innovation tools suggest invented hunting large swiftly moving dangerous animals gathering plants eggs honey termites ants small burrowing animals italics view early hominid advantages menu unlike modern chimpanzee eaten daily round social foraging collected form camp mothers offspring gathered meat important initial shift eating habits including males closely social fabric considers merits gathering hypothesis certainly worth remembering unlike hunting humans primate collect food eaten later occasional hunting forays baboons chimps re enacting scenes similar played hominids fifteen million ago primate gathers food hand hunting hypothesis gathering hypothesis argument male centered depends early commitment quest flesh focuses females sees improved child care evolutionary cutting edge advancement arguments favor
initially course active scavenging part normal daily round early ancestors opportunities carcasses foraging nuts roots plant foods soon learned wheeling vultures sky signaled potential meal eventually search meat desultory affair individuals spending serengeti learned look trees fleshy food ground leopards kills branches reach hungry hyenas hyenas climb trees hominids certainly willing risk confronting angry leopard returns find larder raided eaten scavenging meat hominids tapped greater energy source exploited say modern chimpanzees spite occasional predatory habits including substantial amounts meat diet addition fruits shoots nuts berries ancestors put league carnivores lions leopards stole basic omnivores style chimpanzees baboons capable making living demanding environment incidentally chimps baboons give chase small animal comes close potential meal
anna pavlova house london room opened museum weekends familiar course trail places marie lived london end learned chance grandparents home stockholm stands unchanged delightful garden full lilac bushes certainly walked times amazing find filming le spectre de la rose monte carlo theatre difficulty matching furnishings photograph original production shown property master rummaged storeroom returning triumph birdcage needlework frame identical picture presumably originals vienna look fanny birthplace found dance performed preserved detail pupils able record art nouveau apartment perfect period interesting parallels marvellous american dancer singer sammy davis jr talked daughter kyra green eyes heart warming laugh experiences preparation book totally absorbing search illustrations resembled treasure hunt triumph find picture marie father image romantic ballerina figure exist
perversity decide start looking dance span career happens interesting maybe interesting periods story dance speed threads drawn dance entered sadler wells theatre astounding public tiny minority fairly say dance universal thing strikes change couldn happened appearance scene male dancers definitely call era ballerina greater part career took place phases era minded supposed dancing profession extraordinary situation dance activity quick look current stars prove rudolf known dance public changed face ballet setting completely modern image mikhail adored millions moviegoers ballet minded film turning point dance style john saturday night fever shearer red shoes ballerina caught mass movie public ginger rogers yes course fred seen ginger rogers success
reverse tremendous boom ballroom dancing centre united states vernon castle wife irene superb exhibition dancers proved art lies type dance manner performed dancing beautiful graceful chic field vernon castle able choreographer devising castle walk hesitation waltz successes maligned male dancer castle greatly admired elite public tragically killed serving war popularity levels society restored respect profession respect extended fully ballet fame impression image fantastic aerial creature removed ordinary planet unlikely respecting audience imagined dancing spirit rose persuasive music matter genuine city modern male foot unconsciously tapped infectious rhythm end war ushered optimistic charleston gloriously crazy happy dance finally released burden steering partners floor free swing arms twist shoulders kick legs hop turn generally business dance primitive frenzy
excitement magic brought ballets danger losing younger public unquestionably idea dancer attraction pop singer brought teen agers ballet droves dancers training raised sights prospect superstars standard rose literally leaps bounds phase contemporary ballet modern dance movement martha graham technique totally origin principle classical ballet giant leap leningrad martha graham symbolic super modern ballet dancer master past present ready future strikes current scene leading today dancer fills london york theatre weeks friends mean say era ballerina don want suggest ballerinas contrary dance technique breathtaking perform miracles longer rule roost equivalent swans granted ballerina apex performance strictly true ballerinas dressing rooms bouquets reams adulation
modern sense theatre isadora amateur saw incongruous explaining words tried express dance thought audience grasped message bother theatre convention expects performance stand fall merit explanations confined program notes track altogether theatre temple sought divine expression human spirit called truth truth compounded emotion instinct guide logic reason passing visitors wanted nature sky waves breeze transmute known formula art invent formula find run skip joy motivated reaction bow sorrow crushed movements gestures dance steps isadora kind rhyme reason aware appearance coincides period ready case twenty earlier later interested message communicated tell event born california place grow climate intellectual atmosphere induced freedom movement thought
simply advance approaching trend fashion reaches extremes reaction excesses formal eighteenth century brocade costumes panniers petticoats replaced high soft flowing empire styles vaguely inspired grecian robes due course weight pomp gradually scene pattern repeated excesses whalebone bustles kate vaughan fluttering swirling skirts pointer liberation stage theatre wide open attractive person scarcely dancer able create international sensation fuller clever young lady illinois started career actress purely chance hit original exploit comparatively recent discovery electricity play london met young officer indian army return york shipped sari exquisitely fine material happened draping transparent cloud silk front mirror wondering dress sun rays window shining stuff beautiful effect began twist float watch play light set busy brain help brothers evolved wide range stage illusions including illumination glass floor seen fire dance dance rainbow basket numbers composed swirling hundreds yards thistledown fabric breathtaking movement colour
danced russia seventeen hundred thousand miles later embark farewell tour europe caught chill died pleurisy hague words ask swan costume prepared cremation took place london beloved home rarely able enjoy soon fifty bleak lost supreme artist dance memorial service held russian orthodox church london draws friends admirers young seen dance believe qualities set dancers intensity spirit passionate compulsion grace tiny movement significant learn art burst heat sun believe dance incomplete certainly dance pavlova incomplete russia traditions training russian ballet produced miracle russia ballet height seeds carried france cultivated french ballet masters seventeenth century xiv issued decree gave birth ballet theatre art seen europe distant times russia vast semi barbaric expanse america immense partly colonized wilderness superpowers sun king creative centre ballet travelled france russia russia america
seventeen stage engagement dance hornpipe audition took place morning debut found victim paralyzing attack nerves absolutely determined win public loss theatre concerned contrived trampoline wings flying entrance landing bang middle stage starting dance amid bursts applause audience uproar threw fruit tributes stage curtain raised repeated dance send career necessity confined dance ballet companies case resist opportunity present form entertainment give public money turn hand easily acting singing pantomime tightrope dancing clowning horseback jumping barrel fire loved flying ballets sophisticated machinery european stages rated fellow player dancer america george washington keen dancer ballroom repeatedly watch south street theatre philadelphia feel sure magic anyway resist hero tale hair raising adventures night riding suit armour visor face full speed shower fireworks top helmet ending explosion explosion frightened horse
unexpectedly hardiest survivor mid nineteenth century ballets comes mainly version giselle ballet created carlotta fallen love violet eyes working naples coached took paris actually dances giselle opera official position credit program rest ballet resident ballet master jean married carlotta minor facet relationship say married giselle twenty dropped paris repertoire forgotten lived russia test piece ballerinas partly reason carlotta interpreter tends overshadow husband jules greater contribution ballet contemporary dance historian lincoln kirstein believes creator marius generally accepted master nineteenth century russian ballet marius principal dancers st petersburg arrived worked closely eleven ballet master withdrawal account la esmerelda frenchman took place arthur saint leon amusing remarkable violinist dancer managing simultaneously ballet devil violin wearing frock coat short breeches high shoes hair flying moustache violin tucked chin looks bit cluttered dancing
sir low ludicrous light age levity eye folly prejudice eye reason scientific research stands confessed guarded circumscribed rights minutest philosophers bye enlarged understandings souls inversely enquiries shew created hand course nature endowed locomotive powers faculties consists skin hair fat flesh veins arteries ligaments nerves cartilages bones marrow brains glands genitals humours activity senses word truly fellow creature lord chancellor england benefited injured obtain redress word claims rights humanity ethic writers allow arise relation dear sir accident befallen terror natural young gentleman journey end miserably spent muscular strength virility worn thread animal spirits ruffled description sad disordered nerves laid prey sudden starts series melancholy dreams fancies months tremble think foundation laid thousand weaknesses body mind skill physician philosopher set rights
mortgagee differ length purse jester memory comparison runs call bye legs homer pretend raises sum laugh think interest runs cases periodical accidental payments serving memory affair alive till length evil hour pop comes creditor demanding principal spot full interest makes feel full extent obligations reader hate ifs knowledge human nature need say satisfy hero rate slight experience incidental mementos speak truth wantonly involved multitude small book debts stamp notwithstanding frequent advice disregarded thinking contracted malignancy contrary honesty mind mere humour crossed course admit tell certainly reckoned add accent sorrowful apprehension uttermost mite
uncle toby madam gentleman virtues constitute character honour rectitude possessed eminent degree seldom put catalogue extreme unparalleled modesty nature correct word nature reason prejudge point shortly hearing modesty natural acquired whichever uncle toby twas modesty truest sense madam regard words unhappy choice things kind modesty possessed arose height equal thing modesty woman female nicety madam cleanliness mind fancy sex makes awe imagine madam uncle toby contracted source spent part converse sex knowledge force imitation fair examples render irresistible acquired amiable turn mind wish say sister law father wife mother uncle toby scarce exchanged words sex madam blow
plain father souls nature equal difference acute understanding original sharpness bluntness thinking substance arose merely lucky unlucky organization body part soul principally took residence subject enquiry find identical place accounts able matter satisfied des fixed top pineal gland brain formed cushion size marrow pea speak truth nerves terminate place twas bad conjecture father certainly fallen philosopher plumb centre mistake uncle toby rescued story told officer battle part brain shot musket ball part french surgeon recovered duty death father reasoning separation soul body true walk business brains soul inhabit
pray woman say child hip child head tis certainly head replied midwife continued dr slop turning father positive ladies generally tis point difficult greatest consequence known sir hip mistaken head possibility boy forceps possibility dr slop whispered low father uncle toby danger continued head truth quoth father possibility place hip head morally impossible reader understand tis dr slop understood taking green bays bag hand help pumps tripped pretty nimbly size room door door midwife mother apartment hours ten minutes cried father looking watch dr slop arrived happens brother toby imagination age pray sir hold cap nay bell sir service freely present em condition give attention chapter
natural remedy doubt bridge fast end hinges lifted stand bolt upright rejected reason week determined mind construction draw horizontally hinder passage thrust forwards gain passage sorts worship seen famous spires destruction mistake father advising uncle toby earnestness thrusting bridges uncle foreseeing perpetuate memory corporal misfortune changed mind marquis invention younger worships act lips lead weight eternal balance keeps watch couple sentinels construction curve line approximating uncle toby understood nature parabola england master talked bridge forwards ask cried uncle toby trim
reach breeches chair father susannah moment dress sir cried susannah child black face father orators dear searcher comparisons bless sir susannah child fit susannah dressing room child arm waiting mistress bid run fast captain godfather called sure father scratching eye brow child expiring compliment brother toby pity case throw recover father susannah cried susannah child black shoe father stay thou art leaky vessel susannah added father thou carry thy head length gallery scattering cried susannah shutting door huff shot father bouncing bed dark groping breeches susannah ran speed gallery father speed find breeches susannah start tis cried susannah christian beginning
methinks half rising chair order remove bottle tall decanter stood direct line betwixt spared sarcastic stroke hit proper place proper occasion contempt sermon worth light pipes twas certainly sir preached learned body twas preached learned body twas certainly sir light pipes fast hung quoth horns dilemma let undergone unspeakable torments bringing sermon quoth occasion declare suffer martyrdom horse thousand times sit delivered wrong end head heart pain gave writing preaching revenge manner preach shew extent reading subtleties wit parade eyes vulgar accounts learning tinseled words glitter convey light warmth dishonest poor single half hour week put hands tis preaching gospel part continued direct words point blank heart
father received letter brought melancholy account brother bobby death busy calculating expense riding post paris lyons twas journey father foot travel calculation begin afresh end opening door acquaint family yeast ask coach horse early morning ride search heart father pursuing journey coach horse welcome wants shoe poor creature poor creature uncle toby vibrating note string unison ride scotch horse quoth father hastily bear saddle quoth devil horse patriot cried father shut door patriot sold cried father making pause looking uncle toby face thing matter fact worship ordered sell april foot pains cried father walk ride shutting door plagues cried father going calculation waters opening door
uncle toby eternal honour tell sake cooped betwixt natural positive law souls turn notwithstanding uncle toby warmly engaged carrying siege parallel allies pressed vigorously scarce allowed dinner gave lodgment bent thoughts private distresses inn ordered garden gate bolted turned siege blockade left relieved french king french king thought considered relieve poor lieutenant son kind friend friendless thee thou hast left matter short uncle toby corporal putting bed tell thee trim place thou offer services le fever sickness travelling expensive thou poor lieutenant son subsist pay thou didst offer purse stood need thou trim welcome
ill consequences treaty point giving uncle toby surfeit sieges recovered appetite left deeper scar mary heart uncle toby end hear mentioned account read article news extracted gazette fetching sigh heart break twain father motive dangerous person sit laughing crying generally knew motive knew console uncle toby occasions shewed plainly imagined uncle toby grieved affair loss hobby horse mind brother toby say god blessing war break days belligerent powers hang play defy em dear toby add countries taking towns towns sieges uncle toby took stroke father hobby horse kindly thought stroke ungenerous striking horse hit rider dishonourable part blow fall occasions laid pipe table fire defend common
town france opinion looks map look book post roads sure looks pitifully thing present handsome inn keeper daughter eighteen months amiens paris going classes knits sews dances slut running minutes stood looking let fall dozen loops white thread stocking yes yes cunning tis taper need pin knee tis fits exactly nature told creature word statue thumb sample worth thumbs thumbs fingers bargain guide withal stands drawing draw draw draught horse main strength days draw proportions determined pencil wettest drapery
gentle spirit sweetest humour sit easy pen beloved cervantes thou glided st daily lattice turned st twilight prison noon brightness thy presence tinged st urn water heaven nectar wrote sancho master didst cast thy mystic mantle er withered stump wide extended evils turn beseech thee behold breeches piteous rent lyons shirts deadly schism happened em laps lombardy rest em cunning laundress milan cut fore laps justice consideration returning italy notwithstanding pistol tinderbox paid pauls hard eggs think journey france italy provided keeps temper bad thing believe ups downs deuce valleys nature spreads tables entertainment tis nonsense imagine lend shaken pieces pay twelve greasing wheels poor peasant butter bread
mrs bridget opened door corporal rap interval betwixt uncle toby introduction parlour short mrs curtain lay bible table advance step door receive uncle toby saluted mrs manner women saluted lord god thousand hundred thirteen facing marched abreast plain words sat sat sitting told love uncle toby strained declaration needed mrs naturally looked slit darning apron expectation moment uncle toby talents amplification love subject master told mrs loved let left matter father raptures system uncle toby falsely called say brother toby process added pipe tobacco wherewithal found faith spanish proverb hearts half women globe
continued father availing simply hunger thirst sleep tis affair bad shameful delicacy diogenes plato wherefore plant put candle reason parts thereof preparations instruments serves thereto held conveyed cleanly mind language translation act killing destroying continued father raising voice turning uncle toby glorious weapons honourable march shoulders strut sides carve lay enrich nay scoundrel cannon cast ornament breech uncle toby laid pipe intercede rising batter hypothesis pieces broke middle room complaint cried hearing case father ancient custom manor obliged bull service parish led cow pop visit preceding summer say chance married father housemaid reckoning
evening late summer nineteenth century reached span young woman carrying child approaching large village upper wessex foot plainly ill clad thick hoar dust accumulated shoes garments obviously journey lent disadvantageous shabbiness appearance fine figure swarthy stern aspect showed profile facial angle slightly inclined perpendicular wore short jacket brown corduroy newer remainder suit waistcoat white horn buttons breeches tanned leggings straw hat overlaid black glazed canvas carried looped strap rush basket protruded end crutch hay bonds visible aperture measured walk walk skilled countryman distinct desultory general labourer turn plant foot dogged cynical indifference personal showing presence regularly interchanging folds left leg paced peculiar couple progress attracted attention casual observer disposed overlook perfect silence preserved
highroad village carpeted dust trees put yore aspect dingy green henchard family walked persons unconnected family walked scene broad aspect previous character voices rattle neighbouring village matter afternoon previously recorded episode change observed details obvious procession passed walked road figured young wife henchard previous occasion face lost skin undergone change hair lost colour considerably thinner heretofore dressed mourning clothes widow companion black appeared formed young woman eighteen completely possessed ephemeral precious essence youth beauty irrespective complexion contour glance sufficient inform eye susan henchard grown daughter middle summer set hardening mark mother face spring specialities transferred dexterously figure child absence facts mother knowledge girl mind moment reflecting facts curious imperfection nature powers continuity walked joined hands perceived act simple affection
row ancient ground figures sides primed spoon table promptly filled grog high temperatures raise considerations articles exposed vapours elizabeth jane noticed filling promptness table filled mayor glass drank large quantities water tumbler clump crystal vessels intended wine spirits don fill henchard wine glasses ventured say elbow acquaintance ah don ye celebrated abstaining worthy scorns tempting liquors touches yes strong qualities heard tell swore gospel oath times don press knowing unbecoming face yer gospel oaths thing elderly hearing discourse joined inquiring longer suffer solomon longways say don wherefore fixing told tis exactly calendar longer say powerful mind hold true strength hope knowing twenty months ye bondage able suffered partaking stint keeps doubt doubt christopher coney doubt need reflections lonely widow says longways
hands michael meekly sake elizabeth tell leave tomorrow morning content don want hear henchard gently course won leave think plan proposed hours hit adopt business unfortunately lodgings town fit china shop high street look cottage lodgings high street dear suppose mind start genteel plan carried look money till comfortable inn yes girl safe learning shame case makes anxious surprised find unlikely dream truth suppose thing true idea repeating marriage mrs henchard pause course think elizabeth jane tell kinsman henchard kindly wishes stay town arrange don run risk wife anxiously find late
supposed girl rapidly looking comfortably commanding ready money fool dress reasonableness elizabeth conspicuous question clothes rear opportunity matters indulgence valuable habit abreast opportunity matters enterprise unsophisticated girl innate genius refrained bursting water flower spring clothing girls circumstances triumph tempered fieldmouse fear coulter destiny despite fair promise common thoughtful suffered early poverty oppression won gay account say tempting providence hurl mother afflict black silk bonnet velvet mantle silk spencer dark dress carrying sunshade article drew line fringe plain edged ivory ring keeping closed odd necessity sunshade discovered clarification complexion birth pink cheeks skin grown sensitive sun rays protected cheeks forthwith deeming part henchard fond frequently mother
folks henchard lapse half hour woman stood dance shops shut don affair west walk answered stood field mayor suppose body em doors fools henchard walked moodily young fellows gallantly climb poles save hams wasted spectators scene presented melancholy appearance henchard gave orders proceedings suspended entertainment closed food distributed poor town short left field hurdles tents poles henchard returned house tea wife daughter walked dusk soon saw tendency spot walks eventually proceeded thither notes stringed band enclosure erected pavilion called mayor reached perceived gigantic tent ingeniously constructed poles ropes densest point avenue sycamores selected boughs closely interlaced vault overhead boughs canvas hung barrel roof result end wind enclosed end open henchard round saw interior
henchard left suspense lucetta addicted scribbling shown torrent letters marriage arrangements elizabeth note mayor house high place hall residence comfortable getting undertaking going tell aunt banker widow existence doubt affluence lately died bequeathed property enter details say means escape mine wrongs mistress chosen reside tenant high place hall put trouble wish intention ignorance till meet street thought aware arrangement daughter doubtless laughed call practical joke affection getting live meeting purely accident michael partly give excuse coming visit form acquaintance naturally dear girl thinks treated undue severity haste deliberately sure
morning exceptionally bright sun fell flat houses pavement opposite lucetta residence poured brightness rooms suddenly rumbling wheels added steady light fantastic series circling ceiling companions turned window immediately opposite vehicle strange description standstill exhibition fashioned agricultural implement called horse drill till unknown modern shape part country venerable seed lip sowing days arrival created sensation corn market flying machine create charing cross farmers crowded round women drew children crept machine painted bright hues green yellow red resembled compound hornet grasshopper shrimp magnified enormously likened upright musical instrument front struck lucetta sort agricultural piano corn elizabeth wonder thought introducing donald minds innovator farmer closely farming operations response thought moment looked machine walked round handled knew watchers inwardly started coming elizabeth left window room stood absorbed wall
chanced fine spring morning henchard met chestnut walk ran south wall town early breakfast soul henchard reading letter lucetta answer note excuse immediately granting interview desired donald wish enter conversation friend present constrained terms pass scowling silence nodded henchard receded paces voice cried henchard stood regarding remember henchard presence thought speak remember story woman suffered thoughtless intimacy remember telling ee began ended yes offered marry won marry think put ye owe heartily true henchard looked letter ask question completely shut mind vision lucetta culprit present position young woman henchard story sufficient blind absolutely identity henchard reassured words manner suspicion crossed mind
details failure ordinary kind elizabeth jane passing king arms saw bustling usual market bystander informed surprise ignorance meeting commissioners henchard bankruptcy felt tearful heard present hotel wished advised room debtor creditors assembled front henchard looking window caught sight elizabeth jane wire blind examination closed creditors leaving appearance elizabeth threw reverie till turning face window towering rest called attention moment countenance changed flush prosperity black hair whiskers film ash rest gentlemen assets talking balance sheet belongs ye don wish saying took gold watch pocket laid table purse yellow canvas money bag carried farmers dealers untying shaking money table watch drew quickly instant remove hair guard lucetta
morning rose clock street light dense fog prevailed town silent dark rectangular avenues framed borough chorus tiny caused fall water drops condensed boughs wafted west walk south walk quarters simultaneously moved bottom corn street knowing waited minutes heard familiar bang door quick walk met point tree avenue flanked house street discern till glancing inquiringly miss henchard ye asked pardon waylaying unseemly anxious mention wished alarm mrs calling yes superior kind ye sure felt difficulty conveying mind exact aspect possibilities began introduced henchard fear effort betrayed attempt insult sir friends play practical joke sir remember friendly injure hurt wound
returning appointment lucetta saw waiting lamp nearest door stopped spoke begged pardon addressing heard applied neighbouring corn merchant recommend working partner wished offer give security stated letter feel obliged lucetta say word favour husband thing lucetta coldly testify trustworthiness ma jersey knew sight replied knew think ma word secure persisted steadily refused affair cutting short anxiety indoors husband miss left pavement watched till vanished home sat chimney corner looking iron dogs wood laid heating morning kettle movement upstairs disturbed henchard bedroom rummaging boxes wish henchard service tonight mean leave mrs course don wish seen
month closed chapter elizabeth jane grown accustomed novelty situation difference donald movements hastened indoors quickly business hours habit stayed days wedding party gaiety surmised making married couple stared honoured returned crusoe hour difficult excite dramatic returns disappearances centuries assize town sensational exits absences half yearly occurrences inhabitants altogether lose equanimity account fourth morning discovered disconsolately climbing hill craving glimpse sea salt water proved necessity existence preferred place residence notwithstanding society daughter town thither settled lodgings green cottage bow window jutting sufficiently afford glimpses vertical strip blue sea opening sash leaning forward look narrow lane tall intervening houses elizabeth jane standing middle upstairs parlour critically surveying re arrangement articles head side housemaid announcement ma bird cage
face showed marks deep sadness eyes lighting unfocused gaze held hand sticks gather soon recognized started abel whittle ye heere ay yes sir kind mother talking sir didn ye half hour ago sun watch dead faltered elizabeth jane yes ma kind mother sending ship coal ashes needful seed en street night worshipful wedding lady yer side thought looked low faltering en grey bridge turned turned hear sir low whittle ye follow told ye times sir things bad ee yer kind mother ye rough fain kind walked complained
conceived novels evolve action circumscribed scene inclusive exhibition human nature novels scenes cover large country events figure amid towns cities wander quarters globe concerned argue point suggest conception untrue respect elementary passions geographical limits stage trodden absolutely forced writer circumstances forced judgement considered magnificent heritage greeks dramatic literature found sufficient room large proportion action extent country larger half dozen counties reunited wessex domestic emotions throbbed wessex nooks intensity palaces europe human nature wessex literary purpose possessed idea frontiers easier overlap give cosmopolitan features narrative novels shorter verse dwellers province bounded north thames south english channel east line running island windsor forest west cornish coast meant typically essentially place thought slave fool beings hearts minds apparently local universal
bed early put candle eyes close quickly say going sleep half hour later thought sleep awaken try put book imagined hands blow light thinking asleep reading thoughts run channel actually subject book church quartet rivalry francois charles impression persist moments awake disturb mind lay scales eyes prevented registering fact candle longer burning begin unintelligible thoughts existence spirit subject book separate leaving free choose form part sight return astonished find darkness pleasant restful eyes mind appeared incomprehensible matter dark
riding jerky trot mind filled infamous design issued cornered forest dyed dark green slope convenient hill advanced leaps bounds castle poor genevieve de castle cut short curved line fact circumference transparent ovals slides pushed position slot lantern wing castle front stretched moor genevieve stood lost contemplation wearing blue girdle castle moor yellow tell colour waiting slides appearance gold unmistakable clue stopped moment listened sadly speech read aloud aunt perfectly understand modified attitude docility devoid degree majesty conform indications text rode jerky trot arrest slow progress lantern moved distinguish horse advancing window curtains swelling curves diving folds body supernatural substance steed overcame material obstacles bar taking skeleton embodying door handle instance adapting float red cloak pale face losing nobility melancholy sign trouble
large element hazard matters hazard death prevents awaiting length favours feel celtic belief souls lost held captive inferior animal plant inanimate object effectively lost comes happen pass tree obtain possession object forms prison start tremble call soon recognised voice spell broken delivered overcome death return share past labour vain attempt recapture efforts intellect prove futile past hidden realm reach intellect material object sensation material object give suspect object depends chance die elapsed save comprised theatre drama going bed existence winter home mother seeing cold offered tea thing ordinarily declined reason changed mind
torn book middle afternoon gardener daughter running mad thing overturning orange tree tub cutting finger breaking tooth screaming re coming re coming run miss show days cavalry stationed military exercise going rule rue sainte hildegarde servants sitting row chairs garden railings stared taking sunday walks stared return gardener daughter gap houses avenue de la spied glitter helmets servants hurried chairs troopers filed rue sainte hildegarde filled side side jostling horses scraped walls houses covering drowning pavements banks present narrow channel river flood poor children exclaim tears reached railings poor boys grass meadow shocking think laying hand heart presumably felt shock fine sight mme young fellows caring straws lives gardener ask draw spoken vain caring lives care lives gift lord offers
church stand talking moment porch boys square interfere taking side lecturing big daughter thick comfortable voice glad immediately elder sensitive sister latent blushed thoughtless utterance think angling invitation house father arrange cloak shoulders clamber dog cart drove home sunday need stirring high mass moonlight night warm taking home father thirst personal distinction lead walk round calvary mother utter incapacity taking bearings knowing road regard triumph strategic genius viaduct began stride legs stone railway station typified wretchedness exile outposts civilisation paris warned special care miss station ready train stopped start minutes proceed viaduct lands christendom represented farthest limit
question raised home things considered dine grandmother refused believe impolite admit appears church simply dressed looks fashion added event worst intentionally rude pretend noticed father annoyed attitude adopted held reserve final uncertainty true meaning attitude action reveals deep hidden character bear relation previously confirm suspicions culprit evidence admit reduced evidence senses ask face detached incoherent fragment recollection senses victims hallucination result attitudes importance indicating character apt leave perplexity dined terrace house moonlight charming quality silence hearts wounded mine novelist read claims remedy silence shadow
sit irises water edge holiday sky lazy cloud streamed full length crushed burden idleness carp heave water anxious gasp feed starting homewards sit eating fruit bread chocolate grass ears horizontal faint solid metallic sound bells saint melted atmosphere accustomed traverse broken piecemeal successive palpitation strokes throbbed brushed flowers feet water edge embedded trees house kind called pleasure houses isolated lost seeing save river bathed feet young woman pensive face fashionable veils suggest local origin doubtless popular phrase bury taste bitter sweetness feeling heart held unable unknown stood framed window outlook boat moored door raised eyes air distraction heard trees lined bank voices sight known faithless lover past lives bore imprint future occasion receive
evening dress barred pals didn want look boring avoided plague asked big evenings seldom amuse painter musician known rest happy playing charades supper fancy dress need mingle strange element clan pals prominent place mme bores nuisances grew include friends plead previous engagements mother professional duties place country dr felt bound say night soon rose table patient seriously ill don mme say sure don disturbing evening night morrow morning round early find cured beginning december ill think faithful fail christmas days pianist aunt insisted accompany family dinner mother don suppose die mother exclaimed mme bitterly don dinner provinces
night mme scarcely pianist begun play suddenly high note held bars saw approaching stealing underneath resonance prolonged stretched curtain sound veil mystery birth recognised secret whispering articulate airy fragrant phrase loved peculiarly personal charm replaced felt met friend drawing room woman seen admired street despaired seeing finally phrase withdrew vanished pointing directing diligent wandering currents fragrance leaving features reflection smile ask fair unknown told andante movement sonata piano violin held safe home study language acquire secret pianist finished crossed room thanked vivacity delighted mme charming asked understand sonata wretch dreamed piano express word piano caught hear think listening orchestra orchestra complete
interrupted addressing happened mme discussing expressing mme admiration called speech painter friend flow language memory painter standstill seldom seen rate preacher jove wish drawn lucky numbers night sure simply speaker knock spots professor comes naturally reading book course goes words bit realistic thing nowadays seen hold floor cleverly hold say regiment reminds liked don glass say talk hours glass silly thing say sorry bigger battle waterloo sort tell things simply wouldn believe regiment known asked mme
banquet evening pouring rain victoria friend offered home closed carriage fact invited assurance expecting quiet mind untroubled heart set rain home bed saw adhere resolution end evening exception company grow careless fail free evening desired eleven reached door apology unable earlier complained late storm unwell head ached warned let stay longer half hour midnight send later felt tired wished sleep night asked looking forward nice saying nervously dear night won bother begged put light drew curtains close round bed left
matter fact thought moments forgot existence attach painful agitation effective making interest blossom love night failed find hunted evening childhood happy days forget sufferings return night days pass told allow pretty woman paris rash leave case filled jewels middle street mood scowl furiously pickpockets faces collective formless mass escaped grasp imagination failed feed flame jealousy effort exhausted brain passing hand eyes cried heaven help lashing intellectual frenzy endeavours master problem reality external immortality soul afford relief weary brains unreasoning act faith
champs saw days spent revolving round spot play friends effect found prisoner base ask cared complete side played happen days prevented coming lessons catechism luncheon party separated condensed felt pass painfully close hawthorn lane grass champs days told lessons say tiresome able morrow enjoying air regret extent consoled hand invited party knowing asked coming play reply hope hope mamma let friend days warning mother drive thing say yes mamma natural thing greatest misfortune
effort introduce conversation parents mind course ceased murmur needed hear exquisite sound play chord voiceless rendering suffice familiar happens times suffering case ordinary words present mind grow accustomed surprise familiarity simultaneously lost innocence pleasure derived sound felt guilty read thoughts change conversation endeavoured guide direction fell subjects brought touch eternally repeated words knowing words words uttered absence hear words virtue repeating facts powerless modify dint handling stirring reference emerge bring happiness
farther place trees green small stunted lopped stubborn resistance tossing breeze ugly mane red seen awakening leaves smiling miracle red hawthorn flowering winter morning speak blossom bois temporary unfinished artificial look nursery garden park botanic purpose preparation festival embedded trees commoner growth uprooted transplanted rare specimens fantastic foliage clearing empty space making room giving air diffusing light bois de displays separate characteristics assembles distinct elements composite places trees leaves undergone alteration substance point touched sun light hour morning horizontal hours later moment dusk began flame lamp project afar leaves warm artificial glow set ablaze topmost boughs tree remain unchanged sombre candelabrum beneath flaming crest
driver brought car careful stop passenger frenzied giggles withered occasional giddy laugh billy looking forward evening liked laura jean trying date begun game happening problem parents wealthy tried hard convince daughter meant bill apparently town offer laura jean watched hawk dates screened approved step house reason billy passed inspection attempts trying tonight met unexpectedly party largely due sneaked laura jean yielded billy incessant suggestion slip return billy solemnly promised home curfew parents wouldn curious parents bubble laughter brought billy mental tirade parents grinned laura jean answered shy smile embarrassed momentary intimacy lowered eyes moment sat quietly awkward silence suddenly warning laura jean remembered joke laughing fresh peals laughter hey billy trying recapture mood need fresh air calm terrific moon let walk laura jean leaned forward peer windshield billy softly beautiful
morning kit quiet formal smile direct response signs read eyes sleep feel pretty uncle feeling chipper standard morning comment chipper word christina chosen describe fifty forbes morning christina fixed cup coffee removed horn rimmed glasses carefully folded newspaper tossed bench christina slipped seat opposite cupping steaming mug coffee hands pulled sweater tightly sunlight steaming kitchen windows chilly icy mid april wind blew plains sign letup found staring uncle table noticing resembled eyes deep rich brown noses slightly arched pointing full mouths strong stubborn chins looked uncle parents dispositions similar christina knew wanted share joy news mother sister difficulty finding words understand uncle pretty clearly weeks reserved manner okay wasn talker managed welcome yeah guess sheepishly glad re feeling glanced watch wonder keeping martha late
mother christina mind locked groove found wishing thousandth mother love cool calm exterior mother organized efficient beautiful flock led contrary rarely paid slightest attention occasionally allow favor favor thing mother proud aloof manner extended relations christina dad formal distant treated family christina feeling dad constantly striving mother love love maybe explained dad worked hard risen quickly ad agency talent dealing difficult clients christina seen pressure begin gnaw progress advertising career slowed starting couple ago dad begun coming home later later office infrequently drunk christina trying hard taking burning drunk word mind coming thought fragments rattling head weeks parents party night accident dad gotten drunk caused accident blaming unconsciously thoughts mother uncomfortable painful open
flopped brass double bed kind bed wanted ages finally moved shelter cove month kate loved bedroom eaves top faded gray felt spent entire sixteen sleeping happy knew tracy van reed stop trying miserable kate closed eyes feeling comforting roughness mother handmade afghan cheek extra special yarn squares city country lived mom story sky blue india say baby kate wouldn remember coral bits worked lived st croix green puerto rico shelter cove massachusetts wasn represented crazy quilt design mom finished moved don need remember shelter cove told kate cheerful lilt voice re staying father agreed emphatically kids grow single place dragged band gypsies fine kate teenage girls horse sports car kate wanted chance normal finally gotten certainly wasn going let stuck tracy van reed wreck
eric mayfield looked pot roast carving dining room table say displeased hear tracy van reed finally hitting kate hope re friendship simply course dad girl school need friends boyish face crinkled thatch sandy hair sound tracy van reed wasn exactly number choice friend kate shrugged picking blue delft bowl mashed potatoes helping passing don guess okay satisfied expression kate knew relieved prospect tracy hitting natural mom dad bit eager run smooth course home climbed narrow stairway bedroom dinner headed immediately pile books flung bed school taking history text desk history favorite subjects area circling globe help hindrance math hand weak spot reason schools attended times teaching math loss quickly wrote answers questions page text studying chapter american revolution exciting thought living happened
kate pushed thoughts mirror mind joined conversation tracy willing forget disagreements shouldn house huh donna asked later walked catch bus jill walking short blocks house tracy museum kate agreed sort creepy deserted sad told mrs van reed leaves room mrs stout housekeeper stays apartment garages needed big house rich prefer kate firmly wouldn trade grand homey re donna grinned bus pulled boarded wouldn mind changing places brothers sisters wear hand downs bet donna sighed rich able wanted kate told goodbye donna climbed bus block home maybe petty couldn help gloating fact tracy wanted badly unable kate mother called kitchen front door stopping hang jacket hall closet uh huh passed dining room kitchen told going tracy school didn
laura washing dishes morning jack lying sunshine doorstep growled tell coming looked saw buggy crossing gravelly ford plum creek ma strange woman coming ma sighed ashamed untidy house laura ma weak laura tired sad care mary carrie baby grace ma scarlet fever nelsons creek help pa laura doctor pa pay bill worst fever settled mary eyes mary blind able sit wrapped quilts ma hickory rocking chair week week cried brightest light patient brave beautiful golden hair pa shaved close fever poor shorn head looked boy blue eyes beautiful mary look tell laura thinking saying word hour morning mary wondered turning ear sound buggy strange woman buggy wearing brown sunbonnet driving bay horse laura answered pa eyes mary
laura believe real weeks months endless suddenly plum creek house slopes fields knew crowded days packing cleaning scrubbing washing ironing minute flurry bathing dressing clean starched dressed morning weekday sat row bench waiting room ma bought tickets hour riding railroad cars satchels stood sunny platform waiting room door laura eye grace ma told grace sat starched white lawn dress bonnet feet small shoes sticking straight ticket window ma carefully counted money pocketbook traveling train cost money paid travel wagon beautiful morning riding wagon roads september small clouds hurrying sky girls school train roaring laura riding trains faster horses run terribly fast wrecked knew happen train ma put tickets inside mother pearl pocketbook carefully snapped shut steel clasps looked nice dark dress white lace collar cuffs
laura looked thin bristly eyebrows mustaches adam apple walk straight train going fast wonder mary turning handle wall end car water coming water pouring tin cup drinking adam apple bobs filling cup turns handle water comes suppose mary set cup shelf coming laura mind asked ma drink water ma started walk straight lurching car sway grab seat backs end car looked shining handle spout shelf held bright tin cup turned handle water spout turned handle water stopped cup hole put carry water spilled laura seen fascinating neat marvelous wanted fill cup waste water drank filled cup party order spill carried carefully ma carrie drank grace want ma mary thirsty
laura mary prairie enormous meadow stretching direction edge endless waves flowery grasses cloudless sky gave queer feeling say felt wagon wagon team pa small morning pa drove steadily dim wagon track changed farther west smaller going wind blew grass endless rippling horses feet wheels going grass sound jiggling board seat jiggling laura thought forever changeless place sun moved sun moved steadily upward sky overhead stopped feed horses eat picnic lunch clean grass rest ground riding morning laura thought times eaten sky traveling wisconsin indian territory minnesota dakota territory going farther west times cover wagon beds reason laura couldn say prairie pa asked find homestead indian territory pa thought answered
laura carrie stood coarse stemmed slough grass rose heads rough sound wind bare feet sank slowly ooze oo ground soft mary turning quickly mud feet carrie laura cried mire lake grasses soft cool mud sucked ankles stood ponds glimmered tall grasses wanted slough wild birds leave mary carrie turned hard higher prairie waist high grasses nodding bending wind short curly buffalo grass grew patches edge slough picked flaming red tiger lilies higher ground gathered branching stems purple buffalo bean pods grasshoppers flew spray feet grasses kinds birds fluttered flew twittered balancing wind tall bending grass stems prairie hens scuttled wild beautiful prairie mary sighed happiness laura sunbonnet guiltily laura pulled sunbonnet hung strings neck yes mary mary laughed put heard late afternoon turned shanty roof slanting stood small edge silver lake tiny doorway ma shaded eyes hand look waved
curtain grace sleeping ma helping mary carrie bed pa hung hat sat bench taking boots looked laura put coat buttoned turned collar gray shirt show laura say word pa put hat don sit caroline cheerfully ma curtain pa doorway looked pa disappeared darkness minute ma turned bedtime laura ma let stay laura begged believe won bed ma anyway sleepy bed re sleepy sleepy ma laura ma turned lamp blew sat hickory rocker pa indian territory laura softly bare feet ground sat close ma sat dark listening laura hear thin faint humming ears sound listening hear ma breathing slow breathing grace asleep faster breathing mary carrie lying awake curtain curtain faint sound moving air open doorway doorway oblong sky stars faraway edge dark land wind sighed grass rustled tiny ceaseless sound waves lapping lake shore
laura mary awake pa late store lay quiet bunk heard pa ma talking lamplit curtain worry caroline pa re tired quiet yawned sat boots charles hurt ma asked strung paymaster pa hurt bad put lumber wagon started east find doctor don upset caroline thank stars easy don upset till ma voice shaking pa laura knew ma sitting pa knee don mind caroline grading pretty camps closing summer settled homestead going pick ma quick camps close don minute store till pa yes charles killed paymaster didn kill pa stebbins camp office lean store door store paymaster stayed office money door locked paid opening door stebbins hundred fifty drawing pay wanted pay wanted
gray geese smaller snow white looked snow water edge ducks kinds large mallards shimmering purple green wings redheads names pa herons pelicans cranes small hell divers peppered water thickly black bodies shot cracked hell divers ended vanished quicker winking water stayed sunset large lake covered birds kinds speaking kind bird voice sleep night rest journey north south winter driving winter coming north knew started early rest night rested comfortable water held softly dawn rose swim onward high air rested strong wings pa hunting bringing snow white bird sorry caroline soberly known shot swan beautiful kill idea swan saw flying helped charles ma told stood looking sorrowfully beautiful snowy bird fly ma pluck feathers skin cure skin swan
softly laura opened middle door surprised steeply front stair width door looked saw underside slanting roof high overhead steps big attic opened sides stairs big large room downstairs window gable end lighted empty place roof rooms door laura thought surveyors need space largest house lived opened door squeal excitement mouth startled listening house eyes store walls small room shelves shelves dishes pans pots boxes cans shelves stood barrels boxes barrel nearly full flour held corn meal tight lid full pieces fat white pork held brown brine laura seen salt pork wooden box full square soda crackers box full big slabs salted fish large box dried apples sacks full potatoes big sack nearly full beans wagon door laura ran shouting ma quick things big attic mary stove crackers soda crackers ma pleased
looked car window dark green countryside flocks sheep huddled protect threat night closed sun rise asked dare say answered macdonald sky brighten clock re north summer nights extremely short learn sleep fast teased evelyn leaned forward don worry tomorrow sleep late want hours left cincinnati remember changed greenland missed couple hours watch says fifteen let say twenty hours sleepy guest dead days severe case evelyn quick playful vision hanging mourning wreath front door exhausted spent entire plane ride thinking recent breakup tim unable think wonderful summer ahead sat brooding past young couple obviously love sitting aisle watched corner eye watched upset angry reminded things tim california met girl peered car window tried lose scenery hoping anger melt
heard wall slowly fearfully rolled clutching security pillow looked photograph loch bit brighter fact glowed thought crazy greener yes steadily getting brighter greener lay watching black white photograph greener wondered watery area photo rippled bit sure wasn shadow tree limb propped look blinked figure dead princess glowed brighter sharper distinguishable earlier evening heard called turning comforter moved closer wall knelt shadow window completely covered picture blocking light street ghostly figure drowned princess glowed milky green radiance wavered eerily movement motion waves water surface dead girl breathing stood depths loch watery weeds algae twisted slime rotting leaves clung face covering tilted head slightly lifting face upward gazing water surface mouth opened stream iridescent bubbles emerged floated surface broke top water leaned close photo face inch glass
end lunch tried draw liz conversation wheel pairing comfortably looking photographs night evelyn says re photography plan career asked brian began clear table don think liz offered faint place smile asked taking expecting say furnishing brother father short generally short face reflected deep longing wasn eyes drifted unspoken thought afraid wrong fiona rock loch exactly sure enthusiastically certainly meant liked photo hand force maybe need politeness say say unyielding conviction liz smiled longer usual asked thought meant copy original photo real loch don hike prepared lunch group don clean surprised pleasant walk hill glen loch patches blue sky shining low clouds turning white fluffy
maggie fenton lurched forward seat bus screeched halt lulled hum engine drifted sleep collecting wits craned neck happened side road frightened woman clutching crying girl looked boy older darted path idling bus retrieve faded blue ball bus driver opened door exchanging words woman threw bus gear surge power maggie watched woman took boy hand led children safety white clapboard house maggie felt envious closeness thought home springfield miles thought mother father family house belonged young couple parents buried springfield cemetery swallowed hard suppress sobs throat leaning tried stretch cramped legs seat front couldn wait journey dreaded arriving wells town father parents lived lives knew traveling maggie couldn help resenting fact grandma grandpa attended parents funeral hoped grandparents wouldn talk car accident maggie parents fateful night peculiar kind luck maggie picture grandma fenton thin lips sharp nose shook head things final
grandfather seated kitchen table reading newspaper grandmother dished scrambled eggs room smelled bacon fresh toast thought shake sheets voice newspaper accusingly maggie looked clock thirty responding picked fork began eating awkward silence room maggie finished guess walk town look grandmother quickly don want unpack started clear table maggie helped lot night yes remarked grandfather heard rest maggie ignoring want place maybe school grandmother pursed lips think stay farm running water greasy frying pan ridiculous maggie thought trying control going insist treating child evenly things changed awful lot don think haven grandmother snapped likely turning began wash dishes maggie felt yelling door slammed leaned porch railing feeling angry guilty trying didn situation
afternoon cilla called grandparents don pretend maggie surprised cilla knew grandparents feelings played worked grandparents didn suspect thing cilla planned meet afternoon lunch maggie searched bicycle father flat tires decided fixed ride town school grandpa fenton tied bike buick drove town ask bud garage fix bud scratching tousled head hands black grease looking dirt maggie thought smiled saw grandfather bud granddaughter maggie want bike richard fixed voice cracked mentioned father maggie realized grandparents mentioned parents sure thing bud grin maggie told wouldn fix bike maggie decided ride farm later realized going big help watched grandpa fenton putter told bud walked cilla waiting small packed lunch sandwiches thermos juice walked common comfortable major feet maggie asked cilla sat sun don want friends
turner stood middle empty room hands jammed pockets oversized jacket wearing white dinner jacket belonged father hung loosely elegantly slender frame large dark eyes sparkling mischief excitement sorrowful brooding surveyed room past thirteen moved girl bedroom father floor claimed attic dad reluctantly helped paint walls coal black told thought black room terribly depressing depressed black wearing black nail polish didn tacked colorful rock posters put mattresses box springs twin beds floor form king sized bed arranged record collection racks wall room kingdom place writing songs singing pat michael jackson olivia newton john favorite stars records tapes loved room bare mattresses box springs put garbage pickup screaming red rug rolled sold records tapes sound system precious posters packed moved aunt barbara loft manhattan loft living house home big vacant barn
burgundy fine stepped kitchen poured deep red liquid slender stemmed crystal goblets glancing aunt felt constriction throat woman spending dad appointed barbara guardian barbara feel teenage girl dumped doorstep wondered admired respected aunt barbara woman included playing substitute parent seventeen niece resent thought offered glass barbara feeling terrible death haven chance talk happens barbara living area loft apron saw wearing caftan soft cream colored fabric heavily designs multicolored braid picked trips abroad barbara attractive woman dark circles eyes carefully applied makeup couldn conceal looked lovely recalled strong aunt terrible ordeal wish knew thought pretty soon guess memories barbara lifting glass smiling sprawled comfortable leather armchairs future future drink forcing answering smile taking sip wine
eyes widened gee barbara don overboard guardian bit mean don expect change entire style kind arrangement pretty casual mean barbara looked closely niece afraid don agree course depends mean casual re responsibility responsibilities seriously intend watch hawk certainly don want cramp style interested school function team conversation taking tone anticipated fiddled food sure respond barbara wasn actually planning stepping phone booth turning didn deal uh yeah sure pouring glass wine don barbara continued earnestly care caring mutual felt hard knot forming inside chest voice harsher intended look barbara straight easiest person dad loved arguments wanted wanted pretty stubborn dad think inherited miss goody shoes rebecca farm re shock
stood cluster hospital bed members electric high julie liu band promotion public relations person group lead guitarist days motorcycle accident saturday night landed harrison hughes hospital broken arm crushed ribs assorted abrasions minor injuries turner band lead singer seated head bed spooning almond fudge ice cream harrison mouth took bite almond fudge favorite flavor eyes left harrison face pale dark circles eyes devoid makeup change slept past nights dreams filled images vivid seeing van careening control crashing harrison bike harrison crumpled body lying motionless street hear screech tires wailing police ambulance sirens miracle killed spite relief harrison injuries turned feared faces glum paid attention television set mounted wall ancient love lucy merrily babbling snort laughter side curtain separated harrison elderly gentleman recuperating hernia operation julie stick head curtain say sure re bothering
george sly shook harrison left hand arm cast girls leaned kiss cheek needed shave noticed lips brushed stubble looked pale tired alive piece pieces working saturday night watched van swerve control crashing harrison terrified open eyes listen fellas thanks coming appreciate harrison remember start advertising tomorrow let electric high fall creamed drunk touch okay believe deedee call care choice harrison joked julie george deedee sly started door lingered friends passed bed julius care thanks adopting niece wife gave matching smiles don niece confided re need polish relatives happy oblige re sure asked softly reaching touch harrison hand yeah helicopter laughing pain smile wrenched heart suffer asked thousandth harrison dad
red okay asked fishing tea bags canister don care brad took jacket wandering huge living room taking visited barbara loft obviously impressed handsome furnishings nice guess places looking building yeah looks night reminded grimly call turners brad joined kitchen putting hands tense shoulders looked expression woebegone re going let forget asked say blame don lot beer wanted surprise showing gang hillside felt proud mean girl onstage spotlight looking dressed monkey jerked poured boiling water mugs sugar yes don care brad living room area sat sofa big glass topped coffee table elbows knees shoulders hunched cupped hands mug ungraciously shoved curled corner sofa brad say dressed monkey god tree wonder re mad believe didn mean looked sounded
feet killing don sit soon going walking stumps ankles wailed julie liu store soho afternoon re looking anyway turner bundled sparkling dark eyes army surplus overcoat sizes big foot scarlet muffler trailing november wind black beret jammed short nut brown hair grinned friend don looking absolutely perfect thing wear battle bands gotta outrageous knock eyes japanese rags perfect afford hundred dollars tight budget neighborhood twenty maybe fifty tops re wrong neighborhood muttered deedee connor electric high drummer slogged julie manhattan snowfall scowled white snow immediately turned disgusting gray slush beneath feet deedee flamboyant red curls concealed knitted watch cap wore sneakered feet completely soaked glad drummer cares wear give jeans comfortable shirt glamour definitely bag point dispute ratty gray beneath equally ratty blue denim jacket frozen hands plunged deep jacket pockets deedee definitely picture glamour
jumped feet started singing reached chorus orlando flying high orlando gotta love gonna die harrison finished series dramatic chords winced didn faltered saw expression fine song hand guess flexed slightly swollen fingers rubbed arm wrapped elastic harrison sorry fault shouldn let play asked anxiously sure harrison grinning orlando practice tomorrow night guys singing backup real fifties arrangement dynamite think re saying cried happily added hand arm forget fine mean doctor told easy guitar exercise fingers exercised reached took hand don worry okay nodded worrying thing harrison show treatment idea rock opera version maybe knows able develop special successful rock opera tommy jesus christ superstar
uh deedee sure re mean sure guy say re getting psyched big reunion scene asked anxiously met don want burst bubble think remember deedee lit cigarette took deep drag leaned booth smiling smoke cool don worry deedee connor remember don dreams won remember big deal want hear play talk cool okay felt relieved deedee certainly didn sound deep end re set clock meet quarter front okay deedee glanced watch face darn gotta run brother flu mom working early shift today supposed home practice tonight thanks saying appreciate cigarette pulling faded denim jacket thanks record re pal added dropped change table headed door looked frown forming face doubt deedee acting super cool
things happened emily bartlett emily began bright spring meant adventure weather warm mama let stockings put half socks fall breezes knees winter stockings emily feel frisky spring lamb field emily kitchen window turned blue wild forget pasture trees black silhouettes trimmed abandoned bird nests soggy winter suddenly turning green sap rising emily felt rising difficult sit write cousin muriel lived portland wonderful things things fleece lined bedroom slippers kittens toes cement sidewalks roller skate public library full books finish letter emily mama scrubbing milk pans kitchen sink washing machine churned porch post office emily looked letter mama wonderful going happen today feel bones mama laughed adventure pretty scarce pitchfork think imagination running mama emily hanging dear buggy pulled main street frightened horse horse ran mama west teach school
mama cried emily joyfully forgetting letter ran tablet writing paper let washing machine churn porch dear dear dear complain labored pooh washing machine let complain mama writing letter important letter emily going mail soon mama letter written addressed neat schoolteacher handwriting emily licked stamp envelope pounded fist sure stick tight important postage stamp fall salem capital oregon emily put coat skipping post office knees exposed months felt chilly care adventure mail letter spread glad tidings maybe going library town library black beauty emily heard bark found prince collie loping prince called glad company dog prince bartletts loafing dog bob bobtailed black shepherd worked place rounding cows keeping eye things daddy bob smart prince turned daddy published notice weekly paper pitchfork report claimed daddy dog place didn difference collie wasn prince fellow
grandma took pins mouth today emily asked fine grandma emily stabbed pincushion hatpin grandma maybe pitchfork going library mama wrote letter library morning mailed wouldn nice grandma deftly twisted length ribbon crisp bow towns libraries heard reason pitchfork times mama emily told grandmother deciding coast clear store quiet added grandma grandma smiled didn pay visit today emily want tell grandma hiding post office soon ran downstairs grandpa weighing tea customer grandpa grandpa paused hand scales looked emily thought twinkly look emily soon emily felt blush grandpa stop hurried store prince trotting told grandpa mistake known emily soon discovered grandpa person told emily met street morning emily hello george longest gray beard pitchfork mrs warty thompson played piano picture show saturday night ran feed store
news emily thought muriel lucky library father owned automobile maxwell emily lucky horses owning horse fortunate occurred emily owned farm owned horse lived country town buggies pulled horses horse drawn hack livery stable drove depot bring train passengers main street pitchfork horse town emily prouder bartletts tractor big mogul painted sides pick lady horses rode horses bareback thought riding big mogul daddy throttle exciting exciting riding automobile emily dearly loved ride automobile emily ride merry round fair chose ride ordinary horse ride chose lion riding round round lion calliope played exciting lucky ride chose rooster riding rooster funny exciting funny riding ordinary everyday horse fly buzzed oilcloth kitchen table mama dropped journal picked fly swatter pesky fly mama death flies
stand foot bucket fifteen minutes nice white lady answered whinny emily brush bucket standing edge watering trough began scrub lady horse turned head look inquiringly emily steady girl emily hopping brush dirty water ran horse rivulets emily climbed edge watering trough rubbed scrubbed jumped persuaded lady lift hind foot bucket white lugged bucket hind foot grasped lifted hard took lady decide wanted lift foot step bucket finally gave lady patient horse emily rubbing scrubbing rinsing drying enjoy smell wet horse clorox working skin hands began feel crepe water lady stamped foot kicked bucket emily beginning tired mixed bucket bleach water persuaded lady set foot stepped examine lady actually coming white patches emily scrubbed dear left tail bleach muddy tail hold bucket full water high soak tail fifteen minutes
exhausted emily leaned watering trough look lady white horse setting sun late afternoon emily lady beautiful white steed flowing mane tail muriel emily wait show hope muriel delighted lady want skip trip cemetery emily longed ride uncle ben maxwell goodness emily exclaimed mama emily led lady stall returned house look dirt head foot bathroom kitchen began run water bathtub county mama emily turned lady beautiful snow white steed mama smiled lovingly emily water splashed tub beauty eye beholder mean asked emily means beauty mind answered mama smile funny things grownups morning busy breakfast emily plucked pin feathers chickens mama going fry dinner helped gather lilacs cemetery put graves pioneer ancestors beautiful trip country orchards bloom lovely bolts grandma millinery store mama chores emily picked trailing vines wild sweet peas bloomed privet hedge
grandpa drove gate started going circles field emily hopped gate dust settled pushed shoved closed slipped circle wire place ran ford worked fast field wheat belong grandpa farmer owned grandpa driving crop emily glad field wheat prune orchard grandpa terrible drive circles orchard grandpa slowed emily afraid engine stop grabbed edge ford seat cushion pulled running board flopped seat whew emily grandpa drove straight line wagon road emily leaned concentrated catching breath gate towed horses gate grandpa began circle emily opened door instant glad mama leaped bravely air stumbled managed fall getting hang slipped wire hoop gate creaked emily ride shove grandpa straightened driving emily tried breathe dust struggled close gate grandpa circled oats scramble aboard
summer busy farm mama emily canned fruits vegetables jars jars fruits vegetables emily snapped beans slipped skins peaches began feel skin slip hands mama found pie cherries emily expert flipping pits cherries wash boiler full jars steamed bubbled top stove middle morning afternoon emily escaped hot kitchen mason jar lemonade sugar daddy working fields daddy denim shirt soaked sunburned face streaming sweat mighty glad emily jar lemonade house emily wanted pick bouquet bachelor buttons daddy age bartlett boys hours weeding bachelor buttons fields daddy want pesky things vase house bad emily dearly loved gather wild flowers summer busy emily afraid mama ladies civic club forget library known mama forget started week mama managed find send news library pitchfork report sixty books library mama put paper sixty books books want discourage giving
mama finished talk library pitchfork oregon open business tea served emily torn getting peek books staying eye plate silver turned choice mama asked pass cream sugar tray june whispered emily seen cousin crowd spill cream answered mama send black beauty whispered emily picked tray sugar bowl cream pitcher don worry save book looks mama duties librarian pleased trusted cream pitcher emily circulated crowd cream sugar asked politely holding cup tea hello emily nice look ladies say pretty nice yes lump sugar tea corner eye emily cousin june elastic bloomer legs loose leaning tea table eating cookies watching plate pieces silver sounded dimes dropped emily hear mean dollar plank sounded quarter plank dime quarter bit helped mrs george thompson served fong cup tea dear thought emily offer cream sugar hesitated wondering lucky chance forgotten
january northern york sixty ago snow lay deep loaded bare limbs oak maples beeches bent green boughs cedars spruces drifts billows snow covered fields stone fences road woods boy trudged school big brother royal sisters eliza jane alice royal thirteen eliza jane twelve alice ten youngest going school walk fast carry dinner pail royal carry bigger royal strode ahead big manly boots eliza jane turn carry re littlest eliza jane bossy knew alice hurried royal alice hurried eliza jane deep paths bobsled runners side soft snow piled high road slope crossed bridge mile frozen woods schoolhouse cold nipped eyelids numbed nose inside woolen clothes warm wool father sheep underwear creamy white mother dyed wool clothes butternut hulls dyed thread coat trousers mother woven soaked shrunk cloth heavy thick
barns horse barn door loved horses stood roomy box stalls clean sleek gleaming brown black manes tails wise sedate horses placidly munched hay olds put noses bars whisper softly nostrils necks pretended bite squealed whirled kicked play horses turned heads looked grandmothers young colts ran excited gangling legs stared wondered knew ears pricked eyes shone softly saw olds eagerly thrust heads noses stiff hairs soft velvet foreheads short fine hair silky smooth necks arched proudly firm round black manes fell heavy fringe run hand firm curved necks warmth mane dared allowed touch beautiful olds stalls clean father let handle young horses colts father didn trust colts young unbroken horses easily spoiled boy didn scare young horse tease strike ruin learn bite kick hate horse wouldn scare hurt beautiful colts
clock struck bedtime royal laid chain alice mother stuck needles ball yarn father wound tall clock put log stove closed dampers cold night corse forty father colder morning royal lighted candle sleepily stairway door cold stairs wide awake ran clattering upstairs bedroom cold unbutton clothes put woolen nightshirt nightcap knelt say prayers didn nose ached cold teeth chattering dived soft goose feather bed blankets pulled covers nose thing knew tall clock downstairs striking twelve darkness pressed eyes forehead full prickles ice heard move downstairs kitchen door opened shut knew father going barn barns hold father wealth cows oxen horses hogs calves sheep twenty young cattle sleep shed barnyard lay night nights cold freeze sleep midnight bitter cold father warm bed wake dark cold night father rousing young cattle cracking whip running barnyard
night saturday night mother baking kitchen frying doughnuts place full hot brown smell smell bread spicy smell cakes syrupy smell pies took biggest doughnut pan bit crisp end mother rolling golden dough slashing strips rolling doubling twisting strips fingers flew strips twist hands leap big copper kettle swirling hot fat plump bottom sending bubbles quickly popping float slowly swell till rolled pale golden backs going fat plump brown bellies rising rolled mother twisted women shape round hole middle round doughnuts wouldn turn mother didn waste turning doughnuts quicker twist liked baking didn saturday night saturday night cosy evening heater apples popcorn cider saturday night bath night supper royal put coats caps mufflers mittens carried tub washtub outdoors rain water barrel ghostly snow stars frosty sky faint light candle kitchen inside rain water barrel coated thick ice center ice chopped everyday barrel bursting hole grown smaller smaller
father let help put blankets horses mother girls shook skirts smoothed ribbons walked sedately church clang bell rang steps sit till sermon hours legs ached jaw wanted yawn dared yawn sit perfectly eyes preacher solemn face wagging beard couldn understand father knew wasn looking preacher father looking preacher father sunshine church felt boys run laugh talk loudly sunday talk quietly cousin frank frank father uncle wesley owned potato starch mill lived town farm frank town boy played town boys sunday morning wearing store cap plaid cloth machine woven ear flaps buttoned chin frank unbuttoned showed turn button cap top cap york city father bought case store seen cap wanted royal silly cap frank sense ear flaps button top ears top head knew royal wanted cap
days growing longer cold intense father days begin lengthen cold begins strengthen snow softened south west slopes noon icicles dripped sap rising trees sugar cold mornings sunrise father set maple grove father big wooden yoke shoulders yoke ends yokes hung strips bark large iron hooks big wooden bucket swung hook maple tree father bored small hole fitted wooden spout sweet maple sap dripping spouts small pails going tree tree emptied sap big buckets weight hung shoulders steadied buckets hands swinging full caldron emptied huge caldron hung pole set trees father bonfire blazing boil sap loved trudging frozen wild woods walked snow walked tracks busily emptied pails buckets thirsty drank thin sweet icy cold sap liked roaring fire poked saw sparks fly warmed face hands scorching heat smelled sap boiling woods noon sap boiling caldron
alice set pan food dog dared door open shut door heard chewing mother tried door sure locked dark kitchen left candles dark looked dining room windows mother locked dining room doors parlor tried parlor door locked lay bed listening staring dark fell asleep happened night till mother told morning put money father socks bureau drawer bed put pillow think sleep night woke sat bolt upright bed father sound asleep moon shining lilac bush yard clock struck eleven mother blood ran cold heard low savage growl bed window strange dog stood bristling showing teeth acted woodlot mother stood listening looking dark trees dog growled savagely darkness mother watched heard clock strike midnight struck clock dog walked picket fence growling lay head ears pricked listening
father hauled fleeces machine brought home soft rolls wool combed straight fine mother didn card wool machine shares dyed alice eliza jane gathering roots barks woods royal building huge bonfires yard boiled roots bark big fires dipped skeins wool thread mother spun lifted sticks colored brown red blue home school clothes lines hanging full colored skeins mother making soft soap winter ashes saved barrel water poured lye dripping hole bottom barrel mother measured lye caldron added pork rinds waste pork fat beef fat saving winter caldron boiled lye fat soap bonfires burning dipped brown slimy soap caldron filled tubs school watched moon anxiously dark moon stay school plant pumpkins chill early morning tied pouch full seeds waist cornfield dark field thin green veil weeds small blades corn growing cold
top flagpole blue sky stars stripes fluttering looked american flag sang sat congressman stood platform slowly solemnly read declaration independence course human events assume powers earth separate equal station hold truths evident created equal felt solemn proud political speeches believed high tariffs believed free trade grown ups listened hard understand speeches began hungry glad band played music gay blue red brass buttons merrily fat drummer beat rat tat tat drum flags fluttering happy free independent independence eat dinner helped father feed horses mother girls spread picnic lunch grass churchyard picnicking eaten square lemonade stand sold pink lemonade nickel glass crowd town boys standing cousin frank drink town pump frank going buy lemonade nickel walked stand bought glass pink lemonade drank slowly
david diane highway dirt driveway house moved ago fine victorian structure stories high porches gables plenty gingerbread sided tower window wall architecture unusual rural connecticut dwellings modern copies colonial houses seventeenth century stood site burned driveway ended loop bicycles leaned stone gatepost david ran walk kooky mood brought weather bounded porch steps set books railing lunged door struck exaggerated silent movie listening pose hand ear pursed lips shhh shoulder eyes popped mock fright think hear ghost held pose small shadowy form appeared darkness screened doorway give break david twins sister cindy curly haired green eyed amy gray janet sister appeared carrying platter freshly baked brownies cindy held door open brought porch brownies kids fantastic re home early diane grabbed corner piece began munching boiler blew home lunch amy needs boiler asked janet
sat bank air dry look david woods absolutely crisp reservoirs shrinking lawns cornflakes dad crying tomato plants papers full alarms precautions drought sure going dry irritates mean bad thing drought couple caterpillars rain things turn okay worry realize hate fuss worry david janet agree easy bounce drought oklahoma dust bowl volcanic eruptions famines wars holocaust millions murdered lives completely ruined say worry looked spark anger green eyes saying terrible things don happen quietly obviously saying worrying prevent worse destroyed sure wins accept trust janet stared point janet david going weeks beginning find attracted felt comfortable main reason janet realized thought thoughts expressed figured freak
cindy didn care david diane thought older brother sister parents didn understand important hoped janet sense rub janet older cindy understand didn fully comprehend janet believe mattered lot cindy snuggled favorite chair cindy began re read clayton journal thursday april hurrah spring today crystal days sky clean deep blue temperature perfect violets lawn trees tingling leaves reason putting pleasure writing happiness maybe dare believe reluctant nail words fear killing don mean believe changed maybe habitual pessimism received mortal wound love love loved ha ha yesterday evening papa brought foreman george wife daughter home dinner unflappable fellow knows business wife plump quiet sort secret attitude vera describe wonder seeing porch getting carriage perceiving stranger beautiful stranger recognition
pretty picture laura standing door rough claim shanty brown august grass feet young cottonwoods standing square yard dress pink lawn small blue flowers cleared toes skirt full tucked waist tight waist sleeves high neck bit lace throat sage green rough straw poke bonnet lined blue silk softly framed pink cheeks large blue eyes bangs brown hair manly helped buggy tucked linen lap robe carefully dust tightened reins dashed unexpected weekday afternoon drive south twelve miles bare prairie lakes henry thompson narrow neck land wild grapes grew prairie east north spirit lake fifteen miles forty fifty miles square home buggy top shade heat sun horses manes tails flew wind jack rabbits ran prairie chickens scuttled sight grass striped gophers ducked holes wild ducks flew overhead lake breaking lengthy silence manly married soon don want big wedding willing married minnesota winter sister started planning big church wedding
corner window east window south small stand table easy armchair side small rocker suspended ceiling glass lamp glittering pendants parlor part room copies scott tennyson poems stand complete geraniums growing cans windows soon simply beautiful windows washed spattered plaster paint house building laura hate wash windows rap screen door hattie hired girl farm adjoining manly stopped drove threshing asked wash windows spared hattie washed windows laura tidied bedroom unpacked trunk hat shelf wedding dress hanging rack curtain dresses hang fawn colored silk black stripes brown worn times nice pink lawn blue flowers warm wear summer gray calico dress change blue wearing winter coat looked hanging hook manly overcoat winter coming didn want expense manly beginning
growing late fall nights frosty soon ground freeze breaking fifty acre field nearly finished sunday afternoon drives skip barnum working hard plowing driven rest horseback rides manly saddle pony fly ready laura learned lope short lope land side road wheel track grass covered middle jump cross wheel track light dainty feet jar loping road manly yes jump short quick fly run fly started laura bent low neck touched whip imitated manage cowboy yell shot ahead streak leaving fly laura stopped sat breathless manly manly protested sudden start airily told going plenty proven times faster twenty mile ride open prairie breakfast carefree happy sympathy pretty sure laura thought short crop wondered saved cream carefully jar fresh butter town sale thinking help pay groceries manly getting
lived happily thought wasn things wasn let couldn let happened momma lay wide branched paper mulberry tree opened eyes looked paper mulberry broad leaves pool shade lay thick roots spread making kind chair lean wore shorts hot midday air arms chest spattered streaked red paint barn completely painted top bottom sides patched painted looking paint sweat drying body hear buzzing insects knew gram james downtown motorboat gram going groceries james going library find books repairing maintaining wooden boats room extra assignments teacher gave catch rest graders sammy side farmhouse spading fallow land increase size vegetable garden gram planting spring feed suspected gram sure children feel gram learn
catch eye class classes english home ec science wondered thinking wondered wasn thinking interesting leaned waited answers question vaguely thought scraping boat planned accomplish afternoon conflict answers began wrote board correct lot hands woman woman woman boy boy girl girl predictable list wrote board list inside head conflict power honest liar voices petered continued thoughts realized conflict interesting idea gram gram hand waiting rest class settled dog call yes rich voice spoke conflict individual society lives eyes fake wood surface desk caused swivel head tried think mean questions liked ask black girl caught eyes face girl aware reaction wrote letters board slowly thinking mean asked
october children settling fall settling farm water shades brown harrowed soil dried summer grasses broken stalks corn golden bars sunlight sun setting closer gram filed forms lawyer help awaited action fat folders filled copies children birth certificates school records government papers triplicate saying written numbers gram farm momma kids sammy left boat bother side half interested asking questions indians scalped ghosts ragged bottom big barn doors think purpose asked fingering broken boards hit bat sledge hammer school asked fine guess sammy told interested subject wasn coming home black eyes bruises ripped clothes school provincetown summer camp bridgeport sammy wasn fighting wasn going worry james worked hard reading taking notes report decided topic pilgrims america interesting didn want talk nice told home school invitation birthday party
david wondered happened sitting stair landing arm reach headless cupid moment stepmother left westerly house bring amanda home molly appeared foot stairs david knew leaving shoes paint hands clothes molly david stepmother weeks artist house dressed artist informally david going pick amanda eye kids swing minute ago david molly left smiling doorway sat minute longer enjoying deep silence big house empty happened felt unusual spot landing central feeling heart house vantage point view lots doors hallway upstairs david found brother sisters pushed swing tired took upstairs room shared brother blair kids toys settled david took book stretched window seat driveway read watched molly car wondered future amanda
esther tagging feet david porch steps spot amanda forehead triangle kind metallic substance change colors looked angles amanda stood perfectly watching eyes moving david esther blank look unblinking eyes hi david amanda staring silently began wonder going refuse speak live house weird david concentrate hands face nervous things waited amanda sighed re david making words part sigh glad creepy silence david nodded enthusiastically amanda pointing esther tone amanda voice david checked esther wrong maybe nose running forgotten clothes order esther wasn gorgeous looked average girl short solid straight brown hair fat pink cheeks started esther drowned pointing eyes say amanda asked david calls amanda looked bit interested david seen look asked
david forgot listen minute busy thinking talked mother amanda going anyway mom mad dad let early stay overnight leah worried arriving airport getting taxi stupid ride taxis staying dad hundreds times anyway leah left lot stuff david heard molly say yesterday going stop apartment airport pick stuff sure minutes wouldn gotten leah dad changed plans david nodded wasn mainly arguing amanda fighting clothes didn want wear occult outfit today want dress say fit today coming scare kids death didn scare death david amanda snorted course didn matter bit important wear ceremonial robes today today important kinds magic leah found night special ritual days contacting familiars
amanda took belt tied stick whip pull weeds marched whipping yelling faster faster worked pulled mad janie moaning suffering whipped amanda belt cloth didn hurt easy pretend amanda swung hard meant game exciting interested janie began demand chance amazing amount garden weeded front door opened suddenly molly porch amanda handed janie whip strolled bench david talk molly molly amazed yeah david dad surprised pleased amanda help sure david helped lot molly bench amanda patted shoulder porch david couldn tell sure didn look amanda janie playing blair slaves david took amanda tour property showed grove trees house dry creek bed end lot stable garage showed horses eat loft sat loft talked
blair didn say usual david tell interested finally david david looked david magic david realized hard explain magic words things powers don blair nodded smiling christmas card smile magic study sorts ceremonies spells powers blair looked puzzled spells asked david nodded amanda spells sure lots david blair amanda spell kick crow kick crow david laughed remembered housekeepers called janie tantrums spell kind spell blair amanda kick crow blair shook head esther interrupted question rabbits david explaining early molly village shopping soon amanda called stanleys room room looked looked david seen bright colored posters walls places strange looking objects hung ceiling
amanda didn let room card table put candle metal bowl full burning incense middle floor windows closed drapes pulled sweetish smoke swirled dim light amanda sit floor candle incense today re going begin initiation rites janie asked rites initiation amanda slowly distinctly kids looked blank look david fairy tale read prince sorts trials tests marry princess initiation trials prove re re getting ready david esther mean david asked marry marry david amanda janie laughed dope janie marry brother kind initiation david explained re initiated supernatural looked amanda confirmation amanda nodded occult magic janie esther tone voice rabbit amanda explanation going tests amanda called ordeals ordeal passed ordeal didn pass
david told kids fallen creek began hunt amanda walked david speaking forgot excitement caught lizard lizard large caught tiny inches tail creek spotted small gopher snake mad chase lasted minutes snake caught running blair paper bag amanda pulled david opened top bag show sure poisonous asked gopher snake david dad taught tell amanda peeked gingerly jumping snake hissed thought loved snakes janie amanda surprised noise stupid afraid snakes snake captured noon hot dry creek bed esther began saying home lunch decided look reptile home didn single thing stopped water faucet yard drink damp brick faucet salamander janie salamanders david willing wasn crazy salamanders salamander reptile janie amanda frog frog reptile
soon david found molly snake phobia began amanda wanted reptiles secret wanted secret dad house scream molly dad end reptile ordeal forever thinking david decided thing sure rest reptiles secret molly spite amanda mind kids warned found janie esther yard warned looking blair thing located blair molly blair sitting landing playing lizard shirt letting crawl clothes hi david resting blair resting david asked tickling looking tell important remember tell dad molly lizard blair nodded found molly scared death snakes lizards knew lizard shirt faint blair wrinkled forehead afraid snakes amanda afraid blair amanda molly molly find lizard shirt blair molly afraid david sighed
david decided stockings thing try reasons main thing course stockings small easily hidden smaller thing wear david think jewelry ruled kids thing david understand stealing part initiation lot stealing ordinary reasons clear kids young twins janie let steal jewelry initiation someday turned jewel thief knew feel responsible thing stealing stockings david heard taking stocking robbery career decided stockings problems solved clothing stores steven corners kids city molly drive wasn likely knowing wanted city meant stealing home narrowed things considerably actually thing left decide molly stockings dad david gotten planning wonderful opportunity presented coming living room morning david noticed molly left mending basket favorite chair big basket full sorts torn ripped stuff molly didn mending
sound dog barking radio ribsy looking radio announcer voice cut dog member family asked sure exclaimed henry radio dog henry goodness sake turn mrs huggins poured cup coffee henry speaking dogs reminds mrs green ribsy ran lawn planted left deep paw prints aw didn mean hurt lawn henry remembered ribsy run lawn chasing cat hurry finished re dog ribsy thump thump thump ribsy tail rug think dog neighbors won runs lawns chases cats huggins henry looked sharply father wondered knew ribsy chasing cat couldn ribsy blame lawn cat ran didn anyway ribsy awake barking night collie block henry eye don want nuisance neighbors huggins laid napkin plate guess car service station lube job gave henry idea chance wanted father car greased
cars drove station al hurried sell gasoline ribsy rolled looked deviled egg sidewalk sniffed gobbled thought henry home eggs supposed eat coat glossy ribsy poked nose bag henry wondered happened dogs stole lunches especially policemen lunches moment policeman supermarket bag hand looked open door car saw ribsy shouted going ribsy henry wondered alarm looking guilty ribsy picked paper bag ran gasoline pumps policeman ran yelled tripped hose pump ribsy ran car getting gas ordered policeman al hung hose pump driver car started motor sound frightened ribsy running sure wish thought henry dad hurry head al called officer ribsy al policeman ran station henry listened pairs feet running cement wondered desperately happen ribsy appeared station raced air water hoses dropped bag looked policeman henry yell slide car hide
henry thought allowance twenty cents week ten cents thirty cents nickel forty cents find lots extra money fathers say garbage offering pay job worse things garbage henry couldn think didn say yes father tell anyway deal henry enthusiasm held nose hand lifted garbage container step bad mrs huggins cheerfully nice fresh garbage ribsy henry door sniffing watched henry lift lid thirty gallon galvanized metal standing door house klickitat street henry peered half full garbage ribsy put paws edge peered garbage wrapped newspapers bad henry expected juicier garbage soaked paper thing pretty smelly especially couple tuna fish cans henry emptied container took kitchen ribsy robert house week henry took garbage mother remind end week full soggy newspapers dog food cans pea pods grass clippings chicken bones ribsy allowed chew tea bags dabs blended tangled smelly mess
springtime dakota prairie lay warm bright shining sun swept winds snows hard winter wonderful claim laura wanted outdoors felt sunshine soaked bones dawns edge slough fetch morning pail fresh water sun rising glory colors meadow larks flying singing dew wet grass jack rabbits hopped path bright eyes watching ears twitching daintily nibbled breakfast tender grass tips laura shanty set water snatch milk pail ran slope ellen cow cropping sweet young grass quietly ellen stood chewing cud laura milked warm sweet scent milk streams hissing rising foam mixed scents springtime laura bare feet wet cool dewy grass sunshine warm neck ellen flank warmer cheek picket rope ellen baby calf bawled anxiously ellen answered soothing moo laura stripped creamy drops milk lugged pail shanty ma poured warm milk calf pail rest strained clean white cloth tin milk pans laura carefully carried cellar ma skimmed thick cream night milk
hot morning beans popping ground grace discovered shrieking excitement tell ma morning coaxed watching bare earth bean bean popping stem steel spring sunshine halves split bean clutched pale twin leaves bean popped grace squealed corn planted pa built missing half claim shanty morning laid floor joists frame laura helped raise hold straight plumb line nailed put studding frames windows laid rafters slant roof laura helped carrie grace watched picked nail pa dropped mistake ma spent minutes idleness looking exciting shanty house rooms part tiny bedrooms window beds front room kill birds stone ma combine spring housecleaning moving washed window curtains quilts hung dry washed windows till shone hung curtains sheets beautifully hemmed mary tiny stitches ma laura set rooms fresh clean smelling boards
laura worked garden thought mary going college nearly heard college blind iowa thought night prayed mary grief mary blindness hindered studying liked read learn wanted schoolteacher teach school laura want able teach school soon grew earn money mary college education mind thought hoed saw hoe colors earth leafy lights shadows pea vines glance saw miles blowing grasses blue skyline birds flying ellen calves green slope blues sky snowy piles huge summer clouds mary saw darkness hoped dared mary college fall pa making money mary laura study hard surely teach school soon sixteen earnings mary college needed dresses needed shoes pa buy flour sugar tea salt meat lumber bill half house coal bought winter taxes
boom laura jerked sleep bedroom dark carrie asked thin scared whisper don scared laura answered listened window gray dark laura feel middle night past boom air shake guns pa exclaimed sleepily grace demanded pa ma carrie asked shooting ma wanted partition pa answered fourth july carrie air shook boom guns gunpowder exploded blacksmith anvil town noise noise battles americans fought independence fourth july americans declared born free equal boom girls ma called pa sang say dawn early light charles ma protested laughing dark solemn pa jumped bed hurray re americans sang hurray hurray sing jubilee hurray hurray flag sets free sun rose shining clearest skies glorious fourth breakfast ma perfect fourth july picnic maybe town july pa couldn picnic anyway ma admitted wouldn picnic fried chicken rousing beginning empty special expect special happening special happen
hold truths evident created equal endowed creator inalienable rights liberty pursuit happiness terrible list crimes king endeavored prevent population states obstructed administration justice judges dependent erected multitude offices swarms officers harass eat substance plundered seas ravaged coasts burnt towns destroyed lives transporting large armies foreign mercenaries complete works death destruction tyranny begun circumstances cruelty scarcely paralleled barbarous ages totally unworthy head civilized nation representatives united states america general congress assembled appealing supreme judge rectitude intentions authority colonies solemnly publish declare united colonies free independent states allegiance british crown political connection britain totally dissolved free independent states full levy war
making mary winter dress college hot room sun blazing thin board walls roof wool cashmere smothered ma nervous dress summer dresses practice patterns cut patterns newspaper dressmaker chart thin cardboard guide lines figures sizes printed trouble exactly sizes chart ma measured mary figured marked size sleeve skirt bodice piece chart cut patterns cut basted dress lining tried lining mary seams laura known ma hated sewing gentle face show voice exasperated patience tight mouth laura knew hated sewing laura worried buying dress goods mrs white told heard sister iowa hoop skirts coming york hoops bought town thinking ordering declare don ma worrying hoop skirts mrs boast lady book decide question pa cut oats hay tired sundays hot trip boasts claim pa saw boast town saturday mrs boast lady book
early school laura carrie set wore calico dresses ma outgrow summer anyway carried school books arms laura carried tin dinner pail coolness night lingered early sunlight high blue sky green prairie fading soft brown mauve wind wandered carrying fragrance ripening grasses pungent smell wild sunflowers road yellow blossoms nodding grassy middle struck soft thumps swinging dinner pail laura walked wheel track carrie hope miss wilder teacher carrie think pa think school board laura pointed maybe hired wilder boy sister carrie remember beautiful brown horses horses sister nice carrie argued maybe anyway knows teach certificate laura sighed thinking hard study study certificate main street growing longer livery stable pa side bank grain elevator stood tall end street railroad tracks lots vacant livery stable pa carried wondered laura anyway liked wild prairie grasses pa stood thick barn haul hay claim burn winter
pleasant fall weather laura carrie busy girls mornings helped chores breakfast filled dinner pail dressed school hurried mile walk town school hurried home darkness saturday busy working hurry ready move town laura carrie picked potatoes pa dug cut tops turnips helped pa pile wagon pulled topped carrots beets onions gathered tomatoes ground cherries ground cherries grew low leafy bushes thick stems large leaves hung cornered bells pale gray thinner paper inside bell plump golden juicy round fruit husk tomatoes covered smooth dull brown husk opened lay round bright purple tomato larger ground cherry smaller red tomatoes openly bright colors girls school ma preserves red tomatoes purple husk tomatoes golden ground cherries pickles green tomatoes ripen froze house full scent preserves spicy odor pickles provisions move town pa satisfaction soon don want october blizzard catch thin walled house winter going hard winter laura
miss wilder asked times quieter fair making noise soon boys whispering nudging slyly scuffling seats girls wrote notes slates miss wilder punish afternoon rapped desk call school attention talked sure meant believe punishing children meant rule love fear liked sure liked big girls embarrassed talking birds nests agree smiling laura ida squirmed embarrassment showed knew birds miss wilder smiling eyes worried smiles nellie real feel depend nellie hypocrite minnie low recess standing window watching boys play ball miss wilder nellie chatting stove colder window girls don think mary power answered laura laura exactly think judgment books scholar yes mary power agreed person books common sense
pa glad laura water jug mowing machine drank mouthful ah hits spot tipped jug corked setting ground covered cut grass sun makes fellow want bunch sprouts shade joked glad trees sprouts clearing big woods summer dakota prairies single tree sprout bit shade works warmed anyway pa cheerfully chirruped horses sam david plodded drawing machine steel toothed blade steadily whirring tall grass laid flat pa rode high open iron seat watching lie hand lever laura sat grass watch heat smelled oven bread baking brown yellow striped gophers hurrying tiny birds fluttered flew cling bending grass stems balancing lightly striped garter snake flowing curving forest grass sitting hunched chin knees laura felt suddenly big mountain snake curved head stared high wall calico skirt round eyes shining beads tongue flickering fast looked tiny jet steam bright striped snake gentle look
laura carrie word main street store porches teams wagons tied hitching posts lonely side main street stood pa store building rented sat inside talking laura carrie hardware store sitting nail kegs plow stopped talking looked laura carrie wall counter glittered tin pans pails lamps laura pa wants mowing machine section plow broke laura yes sir watched wrap paper sharp shining cornered tooth fuller gave cents taking package hand thank walked carrie speak walked town carrie beautifully laura buying laura replied feel funny look feel scared exactly carrie scared laura scared suddenly told carrie feel didn don act feel safe re carrie safe laura answered care anyway try carrie nice walking care shoes walk dusty wheel tracks
air bit cheeks scorched inside nose cold sky coldly blue white blade grass furry frost path frosted boards streaked thick frost frost crept walls shanty narrow battens held black tar paper sun peeped edge prairie glittered tiniest thing glittered rosy sun pale blue sky blade grass ran rainbow sparkles laura loved beautiful knew bitter frost killed hay garden tangled tomato vines red green tomatoes pumpkin vines holding broad leaves green young pumpkins glittering bright frost broken frost sod sod corn stalks leaves white frost killed leave living green thing dead frost beautiful breakfast pa harvest sod ground sods rot winter plowed ground tumbled slabs earth held grass roots underneath sods pa dug small potatoes laura carrie put tin pails laura hated dry dusty feeling earth fingers shivers backbone couldn helped pick potatoes carrie trudged pails till filled sacks full potatoes
pa afraid brave killed afraid strange knew animals act understood animals thought sure anyway curtains windows strangers looking carrie set plain chairs table floor bright clean pine boards large room looked pleasant laura ma laid braided rag rug door pa setting cookstove kitchen put stovepipe straight solid brought dry goods box cupboard set wall side doorway stove cupboard handy table room yes charles thought ma praised beds upstairs soon pa handed pieces ma laura drew trap door top stairs crowded fat blankets quilts pillows carrie fill haystack fill hay straw country grain raised attic roof building paper partition rooms window west east eastern window top stairs ma laura sky line prairie house stable pa carrie busily stuffing hay
teacher closed bible desks pupils opened textbooks school begun laura liked school seat mate recess mary power minnie johnson school walked main street end week meeting mornings walking school cap garland urged play ball boys recess stayed inside schoolhouse watched game window brown eyed dark haired boy ben woodworth lived depot father sick pa prairie cure truly cured consumption lungs west depot agent boy arthur johnson thin fair sister minnie cap garland strongest quickest inside window laura mary minnie watched throwing ball leaping catch handsome black haired ben grin flash light sun coming dawn changed mary power minnie schools east laura found easy lessons cap garland east arithmetic beat laura night supper put books slate red checkered tablecloth lamplight studied lessons mary
looked listened sounds regular days blizzard won school week laura wondered mary minnie front room warm frost windows melted turned ice breathed clear peephole glass blank white swirling snow fuller hardware store street pa sit stove talk street past hardware store beardsley hotel grocery royal wilder feed store dark cold buy feed storm royal fire heater room warm cosy frying pancakes royal agree mother beat making pancakes york boys later father big farm minnesota thought cooking woman west homestead claims cook starve cooking handy younger royal thought boss fact nineteen secret homestead claim according law twenty consider breaking law knew cheating government
salt brings flavor pa saying loud knocking sounded kitchen door carrie ran open big furry bear buffalo coat boast boast pa saying glad put feet table re mrs boast mary inquired yes didn ma eagerly boast getting wraps ellie thought washing sun shone told days town butter churning cows going dry weather couldn care boast sat table began baked potatoes butter glad storm pa yes lucky watering stock cloud hurried snug stable halfway house storm struck boast told baked potatoes hot biscuits butter delicious finish dinner biscuits ma rich tomato preserves salt pork town pa getting supplies east run short trains don hear train boast asked put extra gangs tracy cut woodworth says pa replied
girls finished ma covering kneaded bread setting oven rise put wraps mary yard breath fresh air cheered laura carrie worked quickly hurrying coats shawls hoods mufflers mittens laura guided mary lean burst glittering cold sun glare blinded cold took breath throw arms breathe deep deep laura cried knew cold cold afraid threw arms breathed cold cringing noses rushed deep chests warmed mary laughed aloud smell snow fresh clean sky bright blue sparkling white laura told houses stick snow spoil wish houses dreadful idea mary freeze death build igloo laura declared live eskimos ugh raw fish mary shuddered wouldn snow crunched creaked feet packed hard laura scoop handful snowball telling carrie soft snow big woods wisconsin mary coming sounds horses pa riding stable standing queer kind sled
bedtime cold upstairs faced pa played bed ready left left march laura carrying wrapped hot mary hand laura shoulder marched carrie music stairs helped laura hoped cheerful encourage knew storm blocked train knew coal pile lean coal town kerosene low lamp ma lighted ate supper meat train butter fat meat dripping left spread bread potatoes flour bread baking laura thought thought surely train bread began think coal kerosene bit dripping left flour bottom flour sack surely surely train night house trembled winds roared screamed snow scoured walls roof frosty nails houses lights real room feed store busy saddles harness clothes end wall piled bed
mitchell huff began summer twin sister amy breakfast amy grabbed cereal box top going send plastic harmonica looks ear corn don mitchell turn box top amy wasn box top mitchell box tops don amy yes broke mitchell wasn fault amy fair mitchell grab box tops don send things quiet mrs huff serve hot oatmeal morning hundred sixty days won box tops send huff catch bus city glanced watch settle morning okay mom win mitchell amiably oatmeal amy breakfast mitchell patio skate board building board roller skate amy room began play cello funny thought mitchell sawing board told practice familiar catchy tune sister playing mitchell grinned recognized lesson music television commercial amy minutes cello silent amy tune ran mitchell head half morning
mitchell carried homemade skate board patio gate steep driveway gently sloping street sidewalk mitchell felt bright clear red tile roofs university bay san francisco golden gate bridge built skateboard going days amy fourth grade shouldn feel feel set skate board sidewalk stepped began coast slowly sloping concrete yea mitchell cheered loud skate board built course steer easily skate board saved allowance worked important thing mitchell built sister amy making worked crocheted pot holder bird feeder mitchell doubted build working skate board sidewalk curved mitchell tried steering shifting weight skate board headed street jumped caught board coasted curb curve set sidewalk feeling pleased skate board sunny coasted sidewalk past small boy sitting front house tricycle hi johnny mitchell coasted don johnny okay johnny mitchell knew johnny wishing skate board mitchell wished johnny
going wear school asked marla brodsky hot going wear pleated skirt agreed amy mom says makes feel ten mitch going class fourth grade marla asked girls house won let answered amy say twins separated haven class kindergarten amy meant parents teachers greer principal glad marla asked wouldn want class brother brother um exactly guess sort fun talk huff twins side twin amy thought mitchell fight remember brother sharing birthdays parents important things amy twin twin times wished feeling ahead brother funny think twins alike remarked marla mitch re reading mitch running jumping re identical amy explained leading untidy room put cello bed step mother remind practice desk dresser cluttered sewing things stuffed animals books crayons parts doll blue willow tea set
lunch hamburgers topped glass lukewarm lemon pudding mitchell mom think ride bike don mother follow living room mom don want exercise fresh air mitchell asked hoping divert mother mrs huff cheerfully read pages aloud want grow weak puny mitchell asked certainly agreed mrs huff weak puny reader mom cut mitchell help laughing mother living room decided try tactic amy going multiplication tables asked talking amy mother mitchell flopped couch mother say reading grade teacher written progress report reading aloud summer help move higher reading group fourth grade need practice help gain confidence mother telling re glad help mitch re father repeated hard mitch amy insisted maybe reading easy amy wasn mitchell reading difficult embarrassing mitchell suspected thinking mitchell low reading group twin sister read thing wants mitchell glowered book mother opened spread
horrible lines full horrible words stupid babyish jeff stupid babyish pony mitchell groaned tried think stupid babyish guess page amy mitchell going remarks amy mood listen sister brag page ten million quiet yelled sitting don amy yelled amy stop interrupting mrs huff mitchell reading encouraged mother side mitchell decided tear lines held book mother text slow corrections read rapidly cattle frightened began run jeff saw coming look jeff fiends mitchell finished page fiends mistake purpose friends mrs huff sound amy laughter floated book mitchell look mother amy understand deliberately mistake boy read book fiends book friends wrote books fact dumb mother sister dumb mistake purpose mitchell held book close face glared word friends finished yell slammed book mitchell mother calmly look words carefully amy softly giggled
mom dad protested amy eager tell audio visual aids mitchell told ladies gentlemen mitchell speaking fork microphone friendly neighborhood fourth grader times thirty times forty mitchell thought amy amused spite brother performance exasperating bringing multiplication conversation purposely annoy mitchell huff amy speaking triumphant look mitchell amy told duty vice president re going watch tv saw parents share enthusiasm added hastily course educational teacher going give test multiplication facts help decide arithmetic group belong announced mitchell amy braced knowing mitchell feel told page reading aloud class amy asked father going arithmetic test ee yew answered amy wrinkling nose answers question yes admitted amy times father shot accountant born knowing multiplication tables twenty mitchell answered promptly twenty echoed amy relieved brother supplied answer mitchell let amy answer times um um amy trying think knows mitchell times um forty forty
mitchell began wish walk school unfortunately summer mothers neighborhood banded coffee party vowed longer drive children school broken legs heavy musical instruments carry week mother drove cello french horn school mitchell walked tried routes school succeeded avoiding alan eucalyptus buds flying eucalyptus trees nearby mitchell concluded alan pockets stuffed ammunition ignoring alan difficult mitchell felt worn ignoring alan alan tired stop bullying evening dinner mrs huff served dish learned cook watching french chef television stuffed eggplant looks boxing glove cut half filled chopped stuff remarked mitchell speaking boxing glove reminded alan say dad letting judo lessons asked think re young answered father flip sister air argument mrs huff say anyway music lessons trips orthodontist trips shoe store mind mitchell question questions
amy decided twin harder rainy saturday mitchell exasperating lunch mitchell midst argument television program watch argument counting received twenty cent piece allowance amy resist giving mitchell shove reached switch set program watching western movie action reaction mitchell informed sister shoved scientist told school shove react shove week scientist talked fourth grades sorts interesting things molecules air pressure satellite moved space motor amy surprised application scientist talk action reaction illustrated movie cannon reacting firing recoiling lost getting spirit scientific development shoved mitchell shove react shove point huff smiled bit grimly walked room turned television set scuffle front television set action reaction turn set television today aw dad protested mitchell fair kids school don watch tv school nights fair saturday
amy hung dress petticoat stacked neatly bed faster mitchell bustled room slower amy worked straighten hair things sight scattered crayons desk tempted pull sheet paper drawer consider moment began draw lovely feeling peace amy drew square box middle paper added dials knobs dozen rubbery looking arms reaching box arm ended claw claw held picture picking claw held doll dress sneaker plastic hair band machine sketched untidy room labeled drawing handy dandy room picker upper tacked bulletin board felt straightened room someday discard practically birthday party favors broken crayons outgrown toys plain bare room pioneer girl room bed chair treasured doll keeping modern room neat amy picked girl scout handbook apply picture handy dandy room picker upper badge studied list housekeeper badge expected picture eye continued travel requirements feel helping mother clean refrigerator demonstrated broom dust mop vacuum cleaner
dim wagon track farther prairie pa stopped horses wagon wheels stopped turning jack dropped shade belly sank grass front legs stretched nose fitted furry hollow rested ears days jack trotting wagon trotted log house indian territory kansas missouri iowa minnesota learned rest wagon stopped wagon laura jumped mary legs tired moving place pa half mile creek nelson half mile creek laura creek saw grassy bank line willow tree tops waving gentle wind prairie grasses rippling sky straight edge kind stable pa looking edge canvas house laura jumped inside skin standing horses sight suddenly hair pale yellow round face red indian eyes pale looked mistake jack growled jack pa asked hanson yah pa spoke slowly loudly heard want west trade place looked slowly wagon
dugout laura mary took clothes bare skins put patched dresses ma tied sunbonnet pa took carrie arm set past cattle path rushes past willow valley plum thickets steep grassy bank level place grass tall coarse passed high straight wall earth grass grew pa laura asked pa tableland laura pushed thick tall grass making path ma mary laura suddenly high grass creek ran twinkling white gravel wide pool curved low bank grass short tall willows stood side pool flat water lay shimmery picture willows green leaf fluttering ma sat grassy bank carrie laura mary waded pool stay edge girls ma told don deep water skirts float calico wet stuck legs laura deeper deeper water waist squatted chin watery cool unsteady laura felt light feet light lifted creek bottom hopped splashed arms oo laura don mary cried don farther laura ma
laura ran run fast stop running till dugout goodness laura ma sick tearing heat mary sitting lady spelling words book ma teaching read mary girl laura bad knew broken promise pa seen knew started swimming hole tell strange animal knew tell felt worse worse inside night lay awake mary pa ma sat starlight door pa playing fiddle sleep laura ma softly softly fiddle sang pa shadow sky bow danced stars beautiful laura broken promise pa breaking promise bad telling lie laura wished pa knew punish pa playing softly starlight fiddle sang sweetly happily thought girl laura bear longer slid bed bare feet stole cool earthen floor nightgown nightcap stood pa drew notes strings bow feel smiling
ma wore hoopskirts dress beautiful challis strawberries worn sugaring dance grandma ago big woods girls laura mary thing wagon seat carrie lunch wagon pa took ox goad sundown promised hi oop pete bright big ox leaned yoke wagon started bye pa bye ma bye carrie bye laura mary called slowly wagon pa walked oxen ma carrie wagon pa grew smaller till prairie prairie big empty afraid wolves indians jack stayed close laura jack responsible dog knew care pa morning mary laura played creek rushes swimming hole touch strawstack noon ate corn dodgers molasses drank milk ma left washed tin cups put laura wanted play big rock mary wanted stay dugout laura stay ma laura mary ma say older let littler laura
thanksgiving past think christmas snow rain sky grey prairie dull winds cold cold winds blew top dugout dugout snug cosy ma feel animal penned winter mind caroline pa house eyes shone voice singing horses buggy boot riding dressed silks think caroline level rich land stone stump contend miles railroad sell grain wheat raise ran fingers hair wish team horses charles ma healthy safe snug food winter let thankful pa pete bright slow harrowing harvesting broken big field put wheat horses laura chance speak interrupting fireplace talking ma asked santa claus laura answered eat supper laura let cross bridges till ma laura mary knew santa claus chimney chimney mary asked ma santa claus ma answer asked girls want christmas ironing end ironing board table bedstead
shut door roaring loud sleep laura laura lay awake listening roaring thundering door opened eyes window grey pa ma getting breakfast creek roaring flash laura bed opening door whoosh icy cold rain took breath jumped cold water pouring skin feet creek rushing roaring path ended angry water leaping rolling steps footbridge willow clumps drowned tree tops swirled yellow foam noise crowded laura ears hear rain felt beating wet nightgown felt striking head hair heard creek wild roaring fast strong water fearful fascinating snarled foaming willow tops swirled prairie dashing high white bend upstream changing strong terrible suddenly ma jerked laura dugout asking didn hear call ma laura ma suppose didn water streaming laura making puddle bare feet ma pulled sticking wet nightgown rubbed hard towel dress quickly ma catch death cold laura glowing warm felt fine frisky mary surprised laura
laura pa fish falls trap cracks big climb falls stay swimming box till minute big fish slithering falls laura squealed shouted look pa look pa hands water grabbed fish lifted flopping laura fell waterfall looked silvery fat fish pa dropped trap pa stay catch fish supper laura asked sod barn laura pa plow garden dig looked laura half pint maybe won sat heels laura sat waited creek poured splashed changing glints sunshine danced cool air warm air lay laura neck bushes held thousands leaves sky smelled warm sweet sun pa laura school school laura pa laura mournfully half pint pa chance learn read write cipher ma school teacher met west promised girls chance book learning
jack waiting meet ford night supper told pa ma school teacher slate pa shook head beholden loan slate morning took money fiddle box counted gave mary round silver piece buy slate plenty fish creek hold till wheat harvest potatoes pretty soon ma tied money handkerchief pinned inside mary pocket mary clutched pocket prairie road wind blowing butterflies birds flying waving grasses wild flowers rabbits loped wind clear sky curved laura swung dinner pail hopped town crossed dusty main street climbed steps store pa buy slate inside store board counter wall covered shelves full tin pans pots lamps lanterns bolts coloured cloth wall stood ploughs kegs nails rolls wire wall hung saws hammers hatchets knives large round yellow cheese counter floor front barrel molasses keg pickles big wooden box crackers tall wooden pails candy christmas candy big pails full suddenly door store burst open nellie brother willie bouncing nellie nose wrinkled laura mary willie yah yah shut willie willie shut
school friday washed dresses sunbonnets saturday morning ironed fresh crisp laura mary bathed morning night look sweet pretty ma ladder dressed party tied hair ribbons warned lose girls mind manners town stopped cassie cassie party timidly store told past candy pickles ploughs door store opened stood nellie dressed mrs asking laura seen fine room say afternoon mrs yes ma ma floor covered kind heavy cloth felt rough laura bare feet brown green red yellow scroll walls ceiling narrow smooth boards fitted crease table chairs yellow wood shone glass legs perfectly round coloured pictures walls bedroom girls leave bonnets mrs company voice bedstead shiny wood pieces furniture drawers top drawers sitting top curved pieces wood held big looking glass
rain prairies dust summer summer scorching winds blew dust sun brassy yellow sky crop crop failed barren land mortgaged taxes food seed agony hope ended harvest credit money pay interest taxes banker took land bank failed seventh mysterious catastrophe worldwide banks failed coast coast factories shut business ceased panic depression heard depressions knew panics panics panic grandpa seen worse usual bad wartime safe beds rampaging armies california armies unemployed seizing railroad trains jam packing cars running full speed open throttle hell leather washington roaring towns yelling justice working stopped swarmed demanding plenty eat days rations burn town gave rid cities federal troops guarding government buildings reader school read reader fourth robinson crusoe gulliver travels
hundred dollar bill secret mother locked desk mrs cooley knew paul george talk speak word hundred dollar bill matter happened shade big empty house father painted covered wagon covered wagon seated hack front seat father painted shiny black flat top black oilcloth put straight curtains black oilcloth sides curtain roll pulled rope seat fitted bedsprings mother bed night bed floor front seat baked dozen journey large plate flat hard hard dry spoil bread hard tack gnaw tasted cracker going haste driving reach land big red apple settled winter stop look need food father bought box asbestos fire mats trade sell ten cents apiece fire mats thing unheard looked round pieces gray white pasteboard edged narrow strip tin believe burn till father proved
crossed line hutchinson county mowing buffalo grass hay passed pile stones cleared land saw wheat cooley overtook clock russian settlement able grain feed mills town russian settlement adobe houses barns chicken houses piles peat burn houses road built house end barn stopped house water idiot full grown awful sight timber jim river miles hand miles ahead nice country russian nix nix carried water wagons camped water place lack thermometer wagon road perfectly level days small ravine hills land priced quarter section acres thought early start wrong course bread baked biscuit gravy chicken cooked night poured biscuits called chicken pie let pet started manly halter pet mother
asked ramona quimby supposed dusting living room twirling trying dizzy excited dust half hour cried mother kitchen ramona big sister beatrice opening closing refrigerator oven doors bumping forgetting laid pot holders finding losing measuring spoons quimbys entertain neighbors brunch celebrate quimby finding job shop rite market months ramona liked word brunch half breakfast half lunch secretly felt family cheated eaten real breakfast earlier needed strength ready party ramona mrs quimby hastily laid silverware dining room table nice willa jean try hair ramona watch re quimby laying fire fireplace knocked lamp ramona stopped twirling staggered dizziness face willa jean messy sister friend howie kemp sticky behave quimby willa jean company company thought ramona saw willa jean played howie house howie brunch cold willa jean stay home grandmother ramona asked don ramona mother things worked kemps asked bring willa jean say
mrs quimby assisted beezus set platter scrambled eggs bacon sausage gelatine salad hastily snatched small plates cupboard dished servings brunch set front ramona willa jean beezus acting grown filled basket muffins carried dining room guests took plates stack end table began serve ramona scowled beezus eat living room grown ups couldn baby spill girl whispered mrs quimby forgotten marmalade trying thought ramona mother flurried notice efforts willa jean took bite scrambled eggs patting rest flat plate spoon ramona watched charge give egg final pat spoon pick bear trot living room leaving ramona nibble muffin think look artwork arithmetic papers cartoons father drawn taped refrigerator door family admire missed ramona kitchen conversation living room boring high prices president mention children interesting oops careful willa jean mrs kemp willa jean put fingers marmalade sticky mrs quimby slipped kitchen coffee ready ramona willa jean room give present whispered
mrs quimby pinned waistband beezus stood look skirt fits nicely ahead stitch pleased beezus bedroom admire mirror ramona tugged tugged ella slacks matter hard tugged elephant waist guessed elephant waist ella bottom big slacks small front slacks big bunched ella paunch ramona scowled beezus twirled living room skirt stand pleased accomplished ramona scowled harder noticed cared sewing machine hummed beezus slipped skirt ramona heaved gusty sigh sewing machine stopped humming problems ramona inquired mrs quimby slacks look terrible ramona glowered look awful mrs quimby considered ella slacks moment maybe find easier sew slacks elephant hard sure couldn ramona scowl harder hard things admire answered ramona mother start easy don skirt suggested beezus ella girl elephant don want skirt ramona voice rising want pants looked mother sister calm happy sewing couldn sewing turn
henry huggins dog ribsy plain ordinary city dog kind dog strangers called mutt called friendly ribsy friendly dog henry friends school mailman company wagged tail milkman stopped pet liked ribsy ribsy liked ribsy call adjusted dog mean ribsy troubles troubles high list fleas mean hungry flea persistently nipped ribsy collar matter hard scratched hind foot flea things ribsy ribsy troubles began saturday morning october sitting front huggins square white house klickitat street keeping eye brand station wagon sure family drive hugginses owned green station wagon week ribsy allowed ride re going car clean vowed mrs huggins muddy paw prints seats nose marks windows ribsy knew hugginses getting ready someplace hear mrs huggins tapping high heels sure sign leave house sensed air hurry morning henry dumped half dog food ribsy dish stopping scratch ears
later ribsy awakened voice saying thought told girls play windows suddenly car full girls dressed raincoats corduroy slacks boots bewildered half awake ribsy sat daddy look dog cried oldest girl henry huggins age asked father addressing ribsy thought smelled peculiar mother wet dog asked oldest girl raincoat mended adhesive tape course mother open door let chorus protest arose children let nice dog need dog open door let repeated father din looks fed obviously belongs wearing collar oldest girl pointed open door let opened door ribsy realized wrong reluctant leave familiar smell give shove father shoved ribsy shoved gently ribsy hopped rain door slammed stood shivering looked hopefully car expected family turn huggins family car stared ribsy started walk stopped looked puzzling car smelled wrong lost lost cold daddy leave
bubble bath joyfully sally lisa began swish hands water bubbles lots giving dog bath fun giving dog bubble bath fun hands bottle bubblebath lot bubbles girls screamed pleasure ribsy found surrounded billows bubbles rising higher higher white tub screaming girls foaming stuff ribsy patience getting tremendous effort sprang tub pushing girls raced frantically hall trailing water bubbles unfortunately raced living room kitchen dining room living room started girls mother father running found refuge legs chairs dining room table trying shake hateful smelly stuff ribsy drops water bits foam flying directions dear mrs dingley realizing mistake encouraging initiative ribsy barked chair legs going rinse wailed ribsy barked harder leave poor thing covered bubble bath agreed mrs dingley remarkably calm circumstances children wet dog house rainy stay calm
jelly sandwich sally asked grandmother ma fanny kitchen rooming house sitting opposite sides big wooden table big eyes ma fanny laughing half sandwich left sally licked jelly corners mouth eat twenty sandwiches twenty maybe twenty sally don jelly sandwich finish eat jelly heartburn night ma fanny asked jelly heartburn sorry say ma fanny turned radio bing crosby singing sally hummed singing line loud horse horse animal wiggled chair sand bottom bathing suit itch soon upstairs bath sign bath guests rooming house shared bathrooms kitchen family shelf pantry space icebox sign cook upstairs sally family rented bedrooms ten days daddy mom sally brother douglas ma fanny sally youngest sleep cot window organ grinder monkey block didn tell douglas known wanted sleep cot rest vacation
sally scab knee falling bicycle week itched scratched area knowing scab wasn ready sitting high backed chair fireplace feet didn reach floor wished pitchers big ears uncle jack nod direction side livingroom mom ma fanny aunt bette uncle jack huddled spoke hushed voices sally words god forbid fingers crossed talking douglas happened sally wasn exactly sure daddy hospital douglas mom waiting impatiently phone ring news sally ran hands arms chair covered pink green flowered material shiny livingroom pink green mom didn say pink rose beige beautiful room soft peaceful sally loved wished special occasions sunday father built fire brick fireplace sally douglas sat floor reading funnies mom mess log fires side fireplace bookcases climbed ceiling fireplace large mirror reflecting rest room wrong douglas sitting livingroom tonight stop picking sally mom
sally friends playhouse sally backyard wasn baby kind playhouse dolls big sturdy house father douglas built painted white green shutters inside table chairs built wooden bed windows dutch door alice recreation room telephones house didn compare sally playhouse alice christine sally class school sat wooden bed betsy lived street younger girls heads taller sat chairs let play love romance today alice sally betsy boys christine girls thank betsy boy re tall christine told boy let play war sally suggested sick playing war alice wind hitler expect hitler sally jewish expects boy girl betsy argued sally don want play war idea alice asked play concentration camp hitler business play betsy asked usual sally answered tell story alice lila alice asked
found office mom presented sally transfer card school records clerk sally miss swetnick class nicest grade teachers thank sally wondering add ma deciding clerk nurse office corridor past portables library art room turn left continue corridor fourth room says nurse door think mom nurse sally asked formality clerk told nurse fat bleached blonde hair upsweep sally knew bleached black roots showing part mom needed touch chins huge bosom kind straight chest space morning sang taking folder mom looked inside folder sally freedman asked guessing yes sally york jersey okay sally mother wait room smelled alcohol small cots lined wall white curtains corner doctor scale glass cabinet filled bandages bottles instruments sally hoped wasn going shot shoes sally step scale nurse
apartments section daniels lived door daughter junior high school beulah called bubbles rheumatic fever check ups blood tests week douglas daniels religious sundown friday till sundown saturday wouldn answer doorbell ride car smoke turn radio light switch sally worried sabbath candles burn house daniels hanging side door families house apartment kiss fingers touch sally known orthodox jews friday supper sally sitting floor cutting ballet paper dolls mrs daniels honey cake synagogue mom whispered quick sally put scissors sally thought silly mom pretend observed sabbath daniels mrs daniels wouldn pair scissors sundown didn mean sally couldn questioned mother mom look nice think rubins lived hall winter brooklyn grandmother mother kids sally family linda grade andrea sixth sally played school home called hopscotch rubber heel shoemaker stone bobby pin game
bradley beach jersey shore waves high undertow pulled careful sally clung rope miami beach boardwalk rope miles miles soft yellow sand bordered palm trees ocean atlantic wasn water warm clear blue green low tide walk wet knees took mom lotion sally sally lost patience began wiggle sun poisoning degree burn god forbid mom stand careful sun wear hat maybe later sally jersey mom hour hat don crying late won promise mom finished sally called douglas re douglas reaching lotion want wind hospital god forbid dammit baby douglas stop treating don let hear language mom turned ma fanny stubborn lately douglas listening going manage stubborn boy needs father wonder
supper neighborhood kids play hide seek didn dark early jersey sally allowed stay clock school nights mom wouldn let douglas ride bicycle supper joined hide seek game lately andrea tried hide douglas sally didn pleased douglas told andrea quit hide sally tonight shelby hide eyes big palm tree count sally andrea ran hide row bushes sidewalk bushes grew high thick easy stay sight ready shelby shouted search side house run sally asked think andrea hello girls turned shush andrea putting finger lips re middle game hand motion show understood don sally sneaking sally asked wasn sneaking say home free heard douglas call remind sally whispered andrea especially picture small black moustache slick dark hair yea andrea guess look grandfather let run dear disguise shaved moustache let hair grow gray easy fool
bird sally cried jumping father arms glad re kissed sides face gal daddy missed gal hugged hard returned kisses hi dad douglas father put sally hugged douglas son pretty invented coconut retriever want sure soon settled rumpled douglas hair growing taller taller yeah pants getting short arnold ma fanny called rushing kitchen wiping hands apron ma fanny daddy holding arm length minute look tan look twenty pulled compliments ma fanny laughing daddy radio comedians bob hope jack benny telling mother law jokes sally knew father ma fanny liked re alike ma fanny mom sally thought strange blood relatives mom stood doorway watching smiling pretty smile sally thought show daddy presents handbag ma fanny gold necklace mom special tool kit douglas sally jolly roger game wasn surprised pretended things tell father things show catch week sat thanksgiving dinner clock tasted turkey ma fanny dry
sally andrea sitting edge goldfish pool courtyard playing initial game omar front paws edge pool peering side look don touch andrea warned omar goldfish omar purred stuck tail straight air look sally saw sure means wants affection read book called getting cat andrea stick tails pet reached stroked omar turn sally petted omar andrea annoyed initial game sally okay thinking famous person initials andrea repeated let movie star nope radio personality nope uh political figure guess say let andrea put finger lip looked sky admiral halsey nope sally tell saw admiral halsey parade home war yes threw confetti thinking andrea give think initials adolf hitler sally pleased stumped andrea adolf hitler andrea leaned side goldfish pool spit
tabby kitten hooked white paws edge box marked kittens offer girl stringy hair sunburned arms picked set midst wiggling crawling mewing brothers sisters wanted wanted stay puzzling struggle morning space mailbox newspaper rack door supermarket nice fresh kittens sale called girl debbie held kitten arms expected hold stupid brother george embarrassed selling kittens younger sister summer morning heard fresh kittens debbie pushed kitten repeated top voice nice fresh kittens sale knew stupid enjoyed annoying brother quarreled breakfast george debbie sell kittens played debbie george sell kittens didn change brought mother home kitten kittens father stop bickering sell white pawed kitten unaware hard feelings brother sister tried stepped kitten managed lift chin rim carton surprised blue eyes took parking lot full shoppers pushing grocery carts cars glittering summer heat fascinated frightened
socks slipped slid letters crackled beneath paws explored dark mailbox place sweltering free kittens weeks socks found place step face bite tail lay letters catch rest missed morning commotion continued fed kids fighting mother won buy kitten children protested fair buy kitten promised mommy won fight anymore honest mother relieved excuse leaving kitten buy need kitten hole head decision shouts want lime want grape don want popsicle want socks discovering heat inside box sleep impossible chute top opened socks socks recognized tearful voice debbie sounded loud hollow demanded brother going roast leave starve die tried cool box opening closing creaky chute didn want bunch fighting kids asked george want home don sell mailbox asked debbie
real unpleasantness sock unhappy spent veterinary hospital soon forgotten socks thrived eyes changed blue color leaves grew sleek cat affectionate loving owners firm getting center household content strange thing happened mrs lap began shrink socks perfectly comfortable resting knees room napped lap curl tighter ball tail wrapped closely body finally evening trying find room rest chin lost balance fell floor thump burst laughing socks insulted turned twitched tail carpet show displeasure poor socks mrs giggles lost dignity didn boy coaxed try lap size moved chair desk room tail twitched harder socks forgive owners disciplined wanted forgiven tempt snack refrigerator going kitchen mrs suddenly urgent voice bill sure voice registered excitement worry joy socks waited learn positive mrs small scared voice
train window grudging december sun filtered heavy drifts cloud shrewsbury practically welsh border jen knew studying map left presumably wales flat green farmland ahead suddenly abruptly rose mountains welsh marches jen remembered jen glanced watch willing pass quickly according aunt beth painstaking plans thought round dining room table amherst covered maps schedules atlas endless pieces paper pencils paper filled aunt beth neat illegible writing times flight numbers lists clothing emergency information names addresses paper folded clipped huge pocketbook jen obediently hooked arm sat train heaven sake dear don let hands don happen money documents aunt beth looked worried logan airport waiting room jen decided minute convinced aunt trip impossible father letter pocket told looking forward seeing uncle ted grinned reassuringly send postcard arrive jen promised letter mountains train valley stone ribbed humps patched dead rust colored bracken jen grown hills western massachusetts holyoke range connecticut river loved strange feeling
wasn jen imagined arrival wasn exactly peter hoped foolish expect change course horrified father brought cold bleak comfortless country david admit wrong stay home peter counting wasn happening jen course home christmas peter thought bitterly watching top book didn stick months months stared window rain wouldn thought water sky endlessly couldn remember rain wished swapped places jen home didn choice understood lonely frustrated becky found friends david preoccupied peter friends boys school straight home afterward fathers shops farms didn played games didn cricket looked silly called football wasn football peter stayed aloof continued feel strange house cold unwelcoming waiting school give snack hear
awful strange staying house peter mum mum shrewsbury lots bed breakfast summer mum says pays cost staying hotel hate peter declared don becky thoughtfully fun seeing don think mind suppose don leave mess lots noise stay late night jen kinds problems risk answered sounding mildly surprised morgans considered bed breakfast strange business re bad dad kitchen guests bedrooms lounge meals don bed breakfast america peter hotels guest houses motels jen amplified paid stay house nodded wisely opened considerably enjoying conversation dad says motels england scotland stayed re dear mind bed breakfasts nice mum keeps nice fried breakfast course watching interest couple left mum seeing happened mean left paying becky asked
forgotten kitchen lights wouldn gave bed silly admit defeat candles supper table found matches stove lit burner put pan milk feeling pleased sudden blast chilly air candle flame gutter dangerously jen looked door peter room gaping black appeared middle moving person sleepwalking peter startled wake didn answer instant wondered awake left hand shot caught wrist fingers ice clamped tight peter jen frightened matter jen voice hoarse matter dreaming let breath hiss yes don cocoa want cocoa repeated impatiently light candle eyes dazed faraway look yes nodded vigorously trying shake head put pajamas frozen released dove room moment bathrobe jen mixed cocoa gave sat table dream don awful sleep bed think woke
salvaged holiday aunt beth uncle ted valiantly pieced children especially becky david reach shut dream unwilling unable respond unconscious nightmare santa clauses christmas cards notes sympathy flowers tried hard help didn understand aching hole gouged family fill vacuum sucked void presents friends snow ground college carol service jen feel horror overcome seeing father cry carol service frozen unable think move soon forgiven couldn bring reach say comfort comforting becky peter jen didn felt struggling hard feelings aware looking christmas jen discovered clear disordered muddle isolated moments sight family car hideously flattened heavy waxen lilies chapel shaking hands endlessly listening say sorry bewilderment hurt odd details sharp mind hole anne edges jagged christmas christmas rest jen determined deal
companion grown boy brown careless flung stomach watching fish flick shallows seen catch hand fish asked moving mmm boy nodded traps lines mean smiled hungry teach boy asked eagerly hungry boy rolled learn answer reason king son learn fish feet boy scrambled younger topped inches half knowing find look remember spot chose upstream trees noisy beck joined river sun speckled trout belly stretched edge stream wide slow moving pool squatted peering water asked sank arm elbow hand moving slowly large fat fish hung motionless clear stream watched intently hand worked closer slow patient fingers moving gently motion fish gills touched underside creature stroked scratched fish responded kitten rubbed imagine purred eyes half closed smile touching mouth moment stopped frozen boy fish totally absorbed
distance distinguished clearly dressed similarly dark cloaks bareheaded black hair leader look boy thick gold hair strong square face middle group shorter hair shone copper sunset aware watched path took left children children slight figure turned face looked peter actually saw peter gave sign walking peter skin key burnt icy heat song shouted head blotting instant group hurried past path twisted started downhill practically running peter stumbled end line half blind path saw shoulder humping dark sky standing astride big rough beard white hair watching son climb catch river peter foot caught root saved falling place hollow low round hut hillside dark trees birch lookout rock stood gave view estuary rock built pile brush wood ready lit signal beacon needed
peter mind full sense unrest uneasiness hung mist bog villages coming north brought word violence fighting warriors lord large powerful kingdom gathering court successful raids country east raiders fortress melancholy face grew daily listened reports brought weary travel stained monk gildas called dragon beginning itch activity periods peace contemplation talking battles conquests lands talk dangerous young listening precarious kingdom lay defense count busy tasks keeping alive build fortresses earthworks choice began preparing battle singing key shifted subtly grew sun earth darkening summer sky days shared lent urgency speak seek learn war knows father expects war fight young eyes flashed replied choice
jen read scene king lear understanding sentence becky looking vocabulary list writing hopeless exclaimed jen put book turned television hoping drown wind didn wind drowned television jen becky aware restless dark times heard david study check front door kitchen air full waiting violence barely restrained tension builds storm think re tired jen bit wouldn harm bed early tonight becky quickly stay re ready jen looked surprise don mind going bed mind tonight don wind half past peter joined curling window chair word brought sat looking fire hands knees wind tore fury howling pack wild beasts rain jumped david night commented radio storm evening re wrong jen remembering full wet laundry wait north peter chair north jen gave queer look mean wind sounds bit david agreed full force
won dribble jimmy fargo birthday party guys home goldfish plastic bags won guessed hundred forty jelly beans mrs fargo jar hundred twenty told later guess closest peter warren hatcher big winner mrs fargo announced felt bad didn goldfish jimmy handed glass bowl inside water rocks tiny green turtle sleeping biggest rock guys looked goldfish knew thinking wished tiny green turtles named turtle dribble walking home jimmy party live west street apartment building elevators york city mirrors angle soft cushioned bench sit re tired stand elevator operator henry lets call henry hard say apartment twelfth floor don tell henry knows knows building smart knows fourth grade showed dribble won birthday party henry smiled mother going surprised henry mother surprised mouth opened look won jimmy fargo birthday party held tiny green turtle named dribble
mrs picked knew looked grandmother type makes big deal fudge walked living room cuddling sat sofa bounced fudge lap boy mrs love babies gave big kiss top head waiting tell fudge baby father carried suitcase fudge room introduced company older son peter fourth grade told peter mrs gave nod busy fudge surprise dear boy suitcase yes fudge shouted mrs laughed joke heard told fudge put ran find suitcase carrying present tied red ribbon ohhhh fudge cried opening eyes wide goody clapped hands mrs helped unwrap surprise windup train lot noise bumped turned fudge liked lot likes noisy nice train mrs turned uh uh peter reminded peter yes
grandma million ideas getting fudge eat tricked making milk shakes fudge wasn looking threw egg told drank surprise bottom glass believed finished milk shake saw empty glass wasn surprise fudge mad threw glass smashed pieces grandma left mother dragged fudge dr cone office told leave fudge eat hungry reminded mother told thing free guess mother didn believe took fudge doctors find thing wrong brother doctor suggested mother cook fudge favorite foods night mother broiled lamb chops fudge rest ate stew served lamb chops plate table smell stomach growl thought mean mother fudge fudge looked lamb chops minutes pushed plate chops fudgie starve mother cried eat chops corn flakes fudge want corn flakes mother ran cereal fudge eat chops want peter told reached helped lamb chops
says march supposed lion lamb lot bull march rain sick hey tony mrs yelled upstairs window pretended hear took jersey journal sack tossed front porch mrs scream don put paper doormat banged top window yelled tony hear sure neighborhood don forget put paper doormat didn say tony turned looked window yes pouring mrs called won melt maybe big trouble family looking tell melted front porch walked mrs house banging window let didn feel climbing porch steps worst thing call boss understand rule says put paper doormat land bushes allowed throw sidewalk rain stops satisfied don paper route junior high don want give
drove street times visit father pissaro cousin church called saint joseph smaller church jersey city lot modern brown bricks front doors glass cross sit top church built front goes straight past roof lot tall trees parking area father pulled truck mother wait minute vic want fix hair walked front church inside quiet services priest expecting greet father shook hands happy meet cousin called say afternoon welcome rosemont thank father pop meet wife youngest son tony mrs re going enjoy living rosemont thank father mother looked tony twelve thirteen junior high yes starting september going grade father mom pneumonia doctor told rush school started late mother explaining older kids class ask worried think stayed wish stop explaining
fourth rosemont morning met mrs swimming pool house walking driveway counting stones saw open garage door watched hoping notice hello yes mrs noticed carrying pair brown white shoes spikes asked tony hi tony car backed garage rolled window told play golf country club mother met later afternoon night told father door neighbor diane vice president drugs lucky rubbing shoulders mother told reason haven friends days looking rosemont practically kids camp summer mrs kids home end august mrs told mom families places beach stay june september jersey city thought pretty lucky spend summer place rosemont mind camp beach week later met mrs getting car lot packages ran want help handed big box thanks tony carried front door took
lisa didn feel ruining christmas fact parents christmas eve father showed apartment mother plugging lights small christmas tree lisa fallen flat christmas spirits blonde mink side held upright mother started martinis outdone parents trial separation extremes outdo boyfriends girlfriends wild parties late nights deliberately intending hurt think forget daddy girl christmas father night spoke infant idiot sixteen daddy girl routine presents collection rock roll albums duplicates fourteen karat gold necklace wear necklace albums stereo belongings shipped aunt home ohio weeks ago thank lisa murmured politely deciding shove albums bed miss bedroom pretty reminded days carry thing plane outdone mother exorbitant gift certificate knock ohio friends loop glaring smugly lisa father blonde don want ohio friends lisa thought friends don care friend excused room listened forced laughter disintegrated angry shouts front door slammed
don careless marie muttered returning place front mirror today tenth big tomorrow eleventh baby brother birthday party think straight thought friend jenny combed hair sorry mess marie cocked head sound thump window jenny throw pebbles window younger jenny stood shook skirt legs puffed sleeves peasant blouse window stuck feet mexican huaraches raised window leaned warm breeze smelling roses fresh grass saw figure slip lilac bushes marie clenched fists nearly jumped window jenny sense hiding minute figure sidled lilacs took tentative step forward marie laughed blinked laughed holy cats jenny earth heavens wearing throw window heat affected brain look seen ghost boy jacket boots mad tall girl eased closer shielding eyes looked brick stucco side house window lisa emery crazy sound freeze hanging window
lisa grabbed clothes rushed bathroom dressed couldn explain feeling glad morning marie worthington re looking exceptionally lovely today rita minute girl seated bird eye maple dressing table removed bobby pins chestnut hair silver dish adjusted side mirrors view brushed glossy hair shoulders calendar wall caught eye flung brush dressing table strode room frowning calendar boldface type showed month flipped page june lisa stood snow boot tops looked window marie room window closed shade drawn shouting question hear lisa stooped rounded handful snow tossed window stood dancing icy foot waiting marie shade flew window opened marie leaned wearing puff blouse worn looked annoyed puzzled jenny don dare tease scolded haven problems marie played hair scowled jenny wear silly clothes lisa emery remember shielding eyes sun glanced roof tried marie focus talked yesterday standing father prize rose bush
pest ramona quimby told big sister beezus stop acting pest beezus real beatrice standing front window waiting friend mary jane walk school acting pest singing skipping ramona recently learned skip feet ramona think pest matter thought pest called pest bigger unfair ramona singing skipping sang ramona feeling grown dress play clothes greatest longer sit tricycle watching beezus henry huggins rest boys girls neighborhood school today going school today going learn read write things help catch beezus mama urged ramona pausing singing skipping don want late school don pester ramona mrs quimby plenty pestering protested ramona meant pester slowpoke grownup girl wait interesting find happened mary jane arrived mrs quimby beezus ramona kindergarten asked ramona instantly
ramona sat waiting present watched children introduced miss mothers found members morning kindergarten especially interesting boy named davy small thin eager boy class short pants ramona liked liked decided kiss interesting person big girl named susan susan hair looked hair girls pictures fashioned stories beezus liked read reddish brown hung curls springs touched shoulders bounced walked ramona seen curls curly haired girls knew wore hair short ramona put hand short straight hair ordinary brown longed touch bright springy hair longed stretch curls watch spring boing thought ramona making mental noise spring television cartoon wishing thick springy boing boing hair susan howie interrupted ramona admiration susan hair soon think play asked maybe miss present ramona answered going give going give present howie wanted didn say giving present maybe likes ramona news howie happy turned boy going present ramona wondered sit present
game ended class filed past ramona kindergarten ramona miss pleasantly ramona slid bench loved forgiven helped hoped learning read write inside miss announced rest news disappointment ramona felt kindergarten rest miss gave child mat picture matched picture cupboard door told spread mat floor twenty children lying rest popped wriggled whispered coughed asked longer rest sh miss soft quiet sleepy voice person rests quietly wake fairy wake fairy demanded howie bobbing sh whispered miss wake fairy tiptoes wakes class magic wand fairy wakes quietest ramona mind wake fairy miss bad lay flat hands tight sides mat thin floor hard ramona wiggle sure class hear squirming mats show miss truly resting gave snore loud snore delicate snore prove
stepped bright sunlight darkness movie house things mind paul newman ride home wishing looked paul newman looks tough don guess looks bad light brown red hair greenish gray eyes wish gray hate guys green eyes content hair longer lot boys wear squared front sides greaser neighborhood rarely bothers haircut look hair walk home company lone anyway reason watch movies undisturbed live actors movie kind uncomfortable read book shoulder mean oldest brother soda sixteen going seventeen cracks book oldest brother call works hard interested story drawing picture gang digs movies books thought person soda tries understand soda understands
didn deserve twenty real popular guy school captain football team voted boy didn money college athletic scholarship won didn jobs think college anymore gyms skiing friends rubbed cheek turned purple looked mirror look tough put band aid cut remembered awful johnny looked beaten streets johnny hurt hate left nearly sleep homework trying figure sodapop jumped bed yelled sleepily turn light bed finished chapter lying soda staring wall remembering faces surrounded blue madras shirt blond wearing hear thick voice need haircut greaser shivered cold lied soda threw arm neck mumbled drowsily listen kiddo don mean nothin worries age
johnny soda lifted held shoulder gave limp body slight shake hey johnny didn open eyes soft question soda yeah sodapop don talk re gonna okay bunch johnny swallowing ignoring soda command blue mustang full scared tried swear suddenly started crying fighting control sobbing couldn seen johnny whipping let whimper worse break soda held pushed johnny hair eyes okay re okay finally sobs johnny managed gasp story hunting football practice kicks blue mustang pulled lot caught lot rings hand cut johnny badly wasn beaten half death scared threatened sun johnny high strung anyway nervous wreck getting belted turned hearing parents fight living conditions turned rebellious bitter killing johnny coward rumble stuck gang mouth shut cops night beating johnny
bit shoulda horse store re middle nearest house miles things layin wide open waitin slick bit pick em coulda walked half store leaned feel trembling ol bit quavering voice homesick remember night night night walkin cherry marcia bit night layin lot lookin stars dreaming stop johnny gasped clenched teeth shut night killed kid night couldn seventeen eighteen killed live crying held soda held found lying lot didn mean finally blurted scared quiet minute sure lot blood suddenly began pacing slapping pockets gonna crying getting dark cold lonesome closed eyes leaned head tears anyway fault johnny miserable voice stopped crying started thirteen kid home trouble didn kill screamed fourteen fourteen month
chewing corner id card gave age twenty buy liquor sure want worse johnny nodded sure fair stay church soda worryin don guess swallowed tried look eager don guess parents worried boys worried matter fact voice bit going texas hunt parents johnny repeated doggedly ask snapped didn blast johnny matter shoot don give hang jail dead car wreck drunk gutter don bother johnny didn say stared dashboard hurt bewilderment bawled breath nearly tore transmission bird roared dairy queen felt sorry meant didn care parents rest gang knew johnny cared don johnny maybe lost puppy look big scared eyes big brother couldn matter hard tried place parents thought minute sodapop brothers loved scare soda mom dad place
slammed door course bit running kitchen caught upper arms swung ignoring fact uncooked eggs hand hey cried gleefully thought days seen didn mind ol bit buddy spun steve gave playful slap bruised shoved room eggs flying landed clock tightened grip crushed ran hand look breakfast wait till set eggs country mad realized eaten thing eaten hot fudge sundae dairy queen hungry bit walking slow circle sighed knew coming dig baldy staring head circled wouldn believed thought wild indians oklahoma tamed squaw tuff lookin mop aw lay wasn feeling place kind coming bit winked steve steve haircut picture paper
couldn answer heavier took pinned slugging sense thought dizzily going knock teeth loose break nose knew didn chance keeping eye caught guy shoulder half lifted knocking feet sledge hammer blow decided fair help arm slugging dallas getting worst jumped pulling hair pounding reached caught neck threw head ground tim shepard fighting accidentally stepped knocking breath soon wind jumped trying strangle prying fingers loose knocked backward rolled ground gasping cussing punching kicked hard ribs yelped spite knocked bunch kicking hard arms wrapped neck refused let slugging hung desperately kicking believe hurt finally kicked head hard stunned lay limp trying clear mind blacking
raised gun thought blasted fool don re bluffing policemen guns spit fire night knew wanted jerked half impact bullets slowly crumpled look grim triumph face dead hit ground knew wanted lot echoed cracks shots begged silently johnny knew dead winston wanted dead wanted write editorials praising friends mine died night hero hoodlum remembered pulling johnny window burning church giving gun mean jail risking trying johnny trouble dead juvenile delinquent wouldn editorials favor didn die hero died violent young desperate knew die someday tim shepard curly shepard boys guys knew die someday johnny died gallant steve stumbled forward sob soda caught shoulders easy buddy easy heard say softly johnny tim shepard stomach gave violent start turned hunk ice spinning blobs faces visions things past dancing red mist covered lot
soda cooked dinner night unusual trying green pancakes green tell thing brother sodapop re bored supper soda quiet didn eat unusual shut fill didn notice didn say supper fuss fourth week started theme wanted ride stand let yell lately yelling sweat schoolwork finally shouted job soon school anyway look soda okay dropped lay re going drop listen brains grades scholarship put college schoolwork snot point re living vacuum pony re going cut johnny dallas buddies don stop living lose thought knew don quit anytime don running things tight cold talked dallas johnny wouldn easy soda looked soda stopped
ran steve couple days ago real surprised seen sitting beach rusty james yeah didn recognize memory screwed steve hays remembered brushing sand hey yeah saying looking couldn believe live doin vacation going college yeah goin college going teach high school believe thought places figured chance seen excited weirdest things wondered wasn glad re goin teacher huh figured reading stuff asked nothin bum answered real popular profession paint write bum tried didn lord rusty james thought minute math strong point couldn friend mine alex guy met reformatory started
steve home girl friend place knew home mother nurse worked nights patty care brothers supposed company mother stood blocking doorway making move let ago stopped mad wanted start fight wasn mad coming wasn supposed wanted fight fights mad haven seen coldly busy heard aw let talk inside looked held door open knew crazy sat watched tv patty brothers took turns jumping chair room busy nothin smokey cousin lake yeah girls re talkin girls okay settling arms started making brats started yelling gonna tell mama promised knock block sat holding kissed top hair blond hair dark roots blond girls don care
bike chain held hand taking eyes biff expected tried moment lunging quick grabbing chain dodging knife sticking foot trip stumbled whirled jabbing sucked gut wrapped chain neck jerking ground wanted knife kill later things jumped top caught arm swung knife hours wrestled knife took risk thought worth taking tried holding knife hand arm smash face worked loosened hold knife fell feet didn bother trying reach gotten hold killed biff pounding brains give damned knife stood chance older tough didn fight fair fighting trying crawl knife gradually started calm red tinge hear screaming yelling looked biff face bloody swollen give sat gut waited
russel james suddenly ill cut knife fight told look strange lives lead strange gave ten dollar bill asked motorcycle boy nice trip yeah california california laugh amusing place motorcycle boy looked straight seeing couldn hoping wouldn started talks days didn started talk night wasn fun couldn understand half hard decide exactly felt father mean okay kind arguments thought swiping wine didn mind didn talk ask question tell trying polite tell river bottom party fight dance look didn understand english hard respect didn drank bars home read drank night okay couldn hate didn hate wished
hey dropping cigarette running couple steps stopped sharply glared told asked getting mad heard party looked blank felt lake marsha kirk told think treat started swearing wondered learned swear remembered going months dumb party heard girl black haired tramp mad couldn speak lost finally eyes shooting sparks don want face don worry won told added comments slapped stalking street hair bouncing shoulders head tough sweet chick thought wouldn going house watch tv anymore wouldn hug close trying brothers catching wouldn hold anymore soft strong arms couldn messing chick lake patty didn patty let stupid louse
father jailhouse stay mean stay jail aw relax nothin gonna happen lit cigarette put feet chair front help sitting person seat turned gave dirty look looked face moved seats pretty motorcycle boy think trying chameleon don kind proud turf minute heard steve trying smother laughter hell hear laughing movie started didn pay attention beginning movie talking figured wouldn stuff wasn steve wasn looking screen anymore motorcycle boy watched movies watched audience movies didn bother steve looking interesting wasn interesting college kids drifted streets looked rich kids suburbs slumming usual knew motorcycle boy weird habits hated steve miss parts movie especially sure skin flick
eyes cleared saw steve standing worried looking lips moving couldn hear hearing asked laughed shrugged left steve known plain tired put front maybe steve friend didn toughest cat neighborhood steve sat dropped head hands throat swelled inside sudden picture patty bouncing street felt close crying steve asked let punch bummed money asking don won couldn talk tried talk crying couldn remember crying didn cry tough rusty james steve didn look sounded felt sorry didn want feeling sorry hit matter tried help think wondered talking re ball pinball machine getting slammed think re going re going think thinking
couldn believe toughest guy neighborhood knew lieutenant somethin motorcycle boy rep brains smart run things sighed wondered temper mean temper didn able find follow gang fight killed wants killed guess true thought thought toughest leader didn understand things complicated patty asked yeah wasn chick okay benny number tough cat wanted rep fight shape counting changed sat awhile jackson saw sat glad didn changed talk benny smokey listen smokey listening watching talk guess says substitute teacher today history cassandra motorcycle boy chick asked guess hooked
motorcycle boy broke pet store night didn ask look need money money desperately knew didn need money couldn think reason anyway talking saying couldn feel deadly silence want money liquor stores bet stood zipping jacket zipper wiping sweat hands jeans watching jimmy lock door waiting terrible happen listen saw hangin today casing place million musta seen comin listen voice cracked upwards ago changing motorcycle boy lock door turned light stockroom doin nearly screamed want neighborhood stood bright glare light looked calm face statue seeing couldn father wasn crazy watched let animals move stop changed mind leaned counter watched lean knees shaking bad barely stand scared scared dropped head counter cried remember
bear bush ears pricked forward touched picking feet walking eggshells seen bear dumb horse told keeping strong leg don looks blew nose rolling eye bush laughed imagination sudden gust wind rustled bush gave snort huge sideways leap tried let idea gallop drumming hooves music ditch coming tell holding head saw want jump felt weave leaned pushed tightening leg sure soared ditch breaking stride landed bobbed head bucked boy fun re jumper jumper slapping neck reins olympics worried sounded sarcastic added cow horse jumper loped feel fall coming chilly slant sunlight smell air meant fall pop coming home pretty soon summer shoot lots rodeos going lots places summer fall home
pulled driveway hopped side truck stopped johnny cycle parked yard figured jamie inside waiting home thing say mason chasing looking tomorrow mason side truck apparently stopped safeway driving started hauling sacks groceries leave timbuktu tomorrow care re gonna find horses re gonna give trouble tonight shut sacks mason sarcastic person mean hard believe hearing told sacks bruise face gave big throb decided quiet took couple sacks food house seen food place wondered mason money remembered dropped bags johnny jamie sitting floor front room playing cards johnny jumped push open door mouth fell open reckon looked lot worse light mason voice trailed mace marched kitchen slammed bags counter marched kicking overturned chair
johnny jamie waiting hard mood fair thinking say going staying jamie asked staying reckon means think fake jamie suddenly fine decide wasting money johnny wasn money shut think fake tell tex fourth generation cowboy violence past walk wearing boots cowboy hat remains fist fight face sees re cowboy violent past real powers forgot face healed anyway jamie fourth generation cowboy father grandfather grandfather cowboys told grandpa preacher pop tell wild stuff kid say preacher kid expect tell asked jamie feeling jamie person going married times couldn stand johnny save guys lot grief misery wanted ride real quick mood fair zipper scariest rides rode johnny buying tickets jamie sat rode johnny
mason raised eyebrows didn say looked pretty mad going city saturday need hey want okay okay early clock appointment sure thinking talk letting drive mason wasn bad letting drive bad considering didn beginner permit jumping creek wasn bring let drive pester let drive ready let city traffic nervous didn bother maybe movie getting excited city months going fair maybe mason mcdonald sure mason sure saturday morning earlier mason pitch black awake didn big hurry funny pushed bed night carrying couldn late wasn sleepy school days fixed coffee scrambled eggs burned pieces toast finally gave heard mason splashing tub bath wasn hey let mason kitchen neat shopping center enclosed giant cave
stopped discount drug store picked mason prescription looked magazines mason called lem detailed directions place easy lost city couldn mind look playboy western horseman looked reading studs halters hindquarters magazine pictures flashing mind choked laughing guy counter thought lem lived apartment part town blocks apartments don getting lost apartments called southern ivy lived southern ivy ii section kids walked rows rows apartments mason word tell doorway didn tried looking window mason pushed door buzzer curtains pulled shut scurrying inside mice barn lem voice door unbolted hi connie wearing hip hugger jeans short pink sweater thought girls supposed fat baby connie looked maybe lem slapping neat apartment mean nice wasn exactly neat clothes diapers stuff laying messy housekeeping home
called johnny soon home watch news wouldn tell couldn house watch news think idea going don big deal mason turned tv sat close working hard staying cool re starring series excited knocking show glad sat minute ten hope didn crummy truck film suddenly paused think re going show interview lady reporter going kill hoping forgotten lady reporter asked questions scared feel think killed stuff clear blue sky earth dimples seriously god gave face let pick nose thought mason fit put television news usual foreign countries fighting newscaster local scene attempted kidnapping left escaped convict dead area teen agers shaken couldn hear rest
nodded expelled didn expelled paula jumping home ec teacher rolling pin school remember late expelled mrs johnson eyebrows twisted middle saying seriously seat father noon heard phrase killing knew meant felt murdered hack office job feels foot goes sleep felt body sleep including brain mason stalking didn say pretty clear quota control mason mrs johnson tex home sixth hour gym guys hear baseball field mrs johnson wanted janitor mopping office don going show mason abruptly talked mrs johnson remember talk times big problem fighting took mason politeness scowl certainly didn want remind trouble yeah big fighting seventh grade mason
trouble getting quarter pocket blood hand looked blood splattering cement slow drip scared wanted mason couldn think clear things happened fast mason quarter slot realized couldn remember phone number called decided call johnny hello jamie voice sounded wished kiss hey jamie tex paused yeah yeah listen phone number remember sound funny drunk shot listen want call mason talk mason tell number starts small voice jamie say shot yeah friend lem heard swallow going die thought minute don didn think twenty bullets pretty don feeling real strange heard screaming hollering cole voice kind joke stared phone hand started say laughing sir listen let talk jamie okay paused trying figure wanted say tex town puzzled want town sounded end patience
mason shifting foot wanted say didn start gun cleaning wasn expecting say meant home hospital pretending happened subject dropped actually don think pop pretending forgetting attention span mason polite cut conversation considerably find real hard live politely tired pretending didn start talking mason real hard talk personal stuff tell loved pretty personal didn wanted hear listen mason suddenly staring hard kitchen window decided college stopped polish rag mid air didn say mean working steak house raise course restaurant management junior college city split fought hang polite impersonal ghost jumped feet yelled crazy startled mason jumped control minute continued thought guns stupid throw room felt tell thought laying gun carefully wanted bad slam floor
mark bar pool hall blocks lived sole intention making money pool player especially sixteen look baby faced kid wouldn ball mark set helped hustle lot pool games bad deal law pool hall re age adjoining bar deal bartender owner friend mine older brother chick chick broke stayed friends brother unusual cases charlie bartender twenty tough reputation order real lived kind rough part town pretty wild things charlie bar looked cop tell cop didn find bar hopped give beer charlie cleaning glasses bartender gave dirty look brightly coke credit hot byron charlie cash dime cryin loud let charge dime coke cokes fifteen cents dollars worth cokes charged don pay month beat
afternoon school mark downtown hospital mother big operation cost lot money sold car tv black white job find sell short money trying weeks find job mark scrounged money didn ask didn tell figured stole mark bad stealing things stole things sold stole stole things gave didn bother smart caught stealing things wasn taking pack cigarettes drugstore mark thief pair thing mark couldn wrong stealing stuff didn matter mark thief felt stealing wrong law think mark dimly aware fact stealing game fun profit careful caught rules lived stealing stuff selling stuff trying save money eat thought pretty rough
going shut tell mark talked say nurses say nurses mike began soft spot chicks making sir galahad opening doors homely beat lot guys looking figure wasn line guess sucker times loaning money chicks sob story believe girl proved wrong hang explains acted night gang hanging drugstore black chick buy cigarettes nice looking chick beautiful eyes black inky soft guess funny negroes don upset mean black guy white chick sure don bother white guys stand gang minute walks tensed black chick don happen live guess worked downtown late stopped bus stop think told later don remember cigarettes starts door couple guys block
total easy understood exactly talking mark habit thinking difference didn yeah don kinda miss routine kinda sad don need gang mean kind thing personality don need gang makes yeah mark sighed difference wonder difference difference evenly mark flashed lion grin byron brilliant didn say rest afternoon thinking mark missed school wasn feeling real monday decided anyway wasn sick stay home fight mark hero story going school versions pretty funny mad angela sympathized curtis lot trouble kind folk hero big deal mark stepping fight fair asked happened told going believe wanted believe hearing truth wasn going change minds generally funny mood monday talk mark
main problem cathy liked wanted crazy bad ego hang guess called cathy curtis wanted friday night thinking murder guy tell busy stunned didn show pick idea going pick pick figured later re goin told mark walked home trying hitch ride friendly hippie showed give lift tonight money need money started mark lighting cigarette ran drugstore usual crazy candy wasn staring bag contained eighth wonder need money deciding beat bush looked war orphan eyes dollars raked lawns think cathy looked awful lot alike sure big charcoal eyes matching hair cathy laughed expression twinkled humor rarely smiled looked puzzled trusting deal loan tonight pay tomorrow
re fast worker cathy wondered mad punch guy girl friend halfway hacked mark showing mark mock voice hanging front seat impulses impulses jump cars hit cathy dryly realized didn think mark hero matter fact didn think hit mark sitting seat hit don physical couldn hit hit hitting known spite lousy grades mark bit smart surprising proved cathy quiet turned looked mark mark leave mark funny mood tell seen mood seen suddenly turn teased lion remembered night charlie killed mark grabbing shotgun firing don think known charlie dead don analyzed baby mark don couldn tell lay point cathy turn inside look
think feel won let song dance don feel bad gettin beat think don beat practically sayin comin cut angela hair planned beat damn fool mike feels coming feels guilty sick think felt finding lying yard knew killed woulda fault eating byron won let crying sick inside mark fault sick fighting sick circle beating getting beat stupid reached gave easy punch shoulder dead worry mark took deep breath voice normal gripping steering wheel hard knuckles white don matter worry terry home found smashed think look happens shrugged don want business couldn
stayed hospital doctor talk couldn tell physically recover mentally cathy brave crying hysterics tense tight ripping hem skirt showing bad shook doctor replied knowing lost mind forever don believe completely lsd powerful drug react differently kids tuned won listen sermons hacked doctor shouldn saying things saying fine tomorrow morning couldn saying tearing carlson pieces couldn cathy kind doctor anyway want drive home cathy shook head don want home want stay cathy want home carlson want mother hears asleep hours going home hour wait tell mother voice broke going tell putting arm cathy guiding car wait minute carlson byron want tell appreciate
goes managed finally action told sick silence continued didn wanted sure sure sure hated suddenly remembered ago cathy looked mark moment hated wondered felt experience feeling hate person loved mark began miserably mark didn buddy glanced place home hear causing trouble yeah don able things thought break cry didn listen straighten let early probation parole home job store hell mark easy pleasant voice goin outa going brothers desperate friend laughed eyes golden hard flat eyes jungle animal friend broke sweat suddenly glad walls guards bars think mark killed
amelia bedelia list list says mrs rogers mrs rogers car rogers drove nice folks going working amelia bedelia amelia bedelia inside grand house rich folks stand looking list things amelia bedelia stood minute longer think surprise lemon pie pies amelia bedelia kitchen put pinch bowl mixed rolled soon pie ready oven amelia bedelia let list says amelia bedelia read change towels green bathroom amelia bedelia found green bathroom towels nice change thought amelia bedelia remembered mrs rogers list told amelia bedelia amelia bedelia scissors snipped changed towels amelia bedelia looked list dust furniture hear tell silly thing house undust furniture
draw drapes sun comes read amelia bedelia looked sun coming amelia bedelia looked list draw drapes says hand drawing try amelia bedelia sat drew drapes amelia bedelia marked drapes put lights finish living room amelia bedelia thought minute switched lights carefully unscrewed bulb amelia bedelia put lights things need aired pillows babies lot learn pie exclaimed amelia bedelia hurried kitchen took pie oven put table cool looked list measure cups rice amelia bedelia amelia bedelia found cups filled rice amelia bedelia measured rice amelia bedelia laughed folks want funny things poured rice container meat market deliver steak chicken trim fat put steak icebox dress chicken meat arrived amelia bedelia opened bag looked steak yes nicely amelia bedelia lace bits ribbon
rogers wash hands say called unusual towels mrs rogers dashed bathroom towels didn change asked amelia bedelia mrs rogers kitchen cook dinner rice asked measure put container remember measured half inches amelia bedelia meat delivered asked mrs rogers yes amelia bedelia trimmed fat look nice mrs rogers rushed icebox opened lace ribbons dear mrs rogers chicken dressed chicken asked mrs rogers yes found nicest box put amelia bedelia box exclaimed mrs rogers mrs rogers hurried box lifted lid lay chicken dressed mrs rogers angry angry opened mouth mrs rogers meant tell amelia bedelia fired words rogers put mouth mrs rogers forgot angry lemon pie exclaimed surprise amelia bedelia happily mrs rogers decided amelia bedelia stay mrs rogers learned say undust furniture lights close drapes things
think barbara baum looked solemnly friends tess trudy tea party brook table trudy patted tree stump tea carefully set home supper sleep beds tess finished mournfully rustle maple branch heads look shadow waiting crumbs barbara shadow shiny black crow barbara brother jonas rescued young bird broken wing shadow tame family pet poor shadow think tomorrow re feed crumbs barbara asked caw crow called cocked greedy black eye girls bread butter slice neatly quartered place wooden dolls stiff armed stiff sat propped shadow slice bread today trudy sighed don think feel hungry samantha glanced doll barbara nodded sympathetically girls looked meadow row log houses pioneer village burnt cabins lived settlement lay path valley deep pennsylvania mountains pioneer families traveling philadelphia cities east cut logs build snug cabins cleared fields cattle fat sheep grazed planted fruit trees fields wheat corn vegetables ripened hot summer sun
barbara remembered papa spread map show travel burnt cabins pointed big finger moved northwest corner map land crow flies papa paused smiled shadow fly easy travel places fly horses legs barbara watched finger move bedford pick trail west mountains ridge valley ridges cross high mountains allegheny river north allegheny river road fort franklin west french creek mead crossing traveling hundreds miles live strange wilderness sounded discouraging barbara twins agreed papa says mountain trails steep narrow wagons barbara sighed pack horses carry fathers traded cattle sheep dozen extra pack horses horse carry hundred pounds carefully balanced load days families deciding things tables chairs beds left mama mahogany chest brought philadelphia bride greatest treasure left pretty mrs peter von meter live burnt cabins bride
helped philip jonas check equipment maps knives guns powder bullet bags philip nodded stood tall slim soldier revolutionary war grim months fighting hardship firm set jaw older twenty jonas fifteen stood half head shorter philip sturdy broad shouldered dark hair thick curly eyes deep set father quiet speaking pioneer boys schooling mother called jonas studying kind boy walked woods schoolmaster house carried home books read barbara ready bed twins raced night philip let pack susannah samantha doll friends play barbara lay awake later dying flicker fire room looked strange empty mama spinning wheel place hearth pegs jonas leather jacket barbara mama sunday dresses bonnets hung bare moon shining small square window familiar barbara wondered girl live house sleep trundle bed watch moon daylight jonas calling
instant barbara forgot storm ran help travelers mrs baum took baby young woman arms girls helped jonas tie travelers horses mrs stirred fresh pot soup room unexpected guests sheltering ledge barbara dripping rain mama soothing baby spoonfuls warm broth young woman boy huddled warm dry blankets eating hungrily young woman told going home maryland west husband married traveled pittsburgh settled husband printing shop sick died wanted children family traded house owned beaver skins light carry trade need journey drew breath luck weeks travel thankful weather tonight kind hard mama traveling young woman smiled tim helper put arm boy thin shoulders jock protect patted dog shaggy head knee barbara watched dog eyeing supper pot hungrily
girls took turns leading paint pony hooves bruised stones struggled step step barbara coaxed try top ridge clearing place camp fire sound drums look sharply sound indian drums mrs clasped hands fearfully indians traders trail jonas answered walked ahead gun tall indian boy mingo jonas trade corn fresh meat sugar salt mingo traded settlers speaks english mingo held head proudly father chief says trade morning tonight hunters home feast father says welcome feast hunting gods pleased strangers eat strangers pleased trudy whispered barbara ear sniffed delicious smell roasting venison wild turkey mrs hesitated eat indians murmured fearful trudy pulled hand jonas says safe mama mingo nice circle indian fire mrs sat took small suspicious bites food mrs baum smiled hand clutched silver teaspoons pocket ate happily turkey venison delicious indian woman passed wooden bowl plums berries
mama told barbara happened jonas knew pony lame asleep rode horses led paint indian camp mingo care pony leg barbara stared paint jonas angry tears stung eyes jonas told barbara wasn fair twins agreed indignantly paint belonged tess trudy began cry stamped foot hate jonas feel badly losing paint mrs baum try understand wasn easy jonas kindly takes care animals knew couldn wait paint ridden night leading paint indian camp barbara shook head let decide stubbornly forgive jonas breakfast miserable jonas looking tired horse girls turned backs finished eating packed silence barbara saw mama chin set disapproving knew mama thought unfair jonas jonas fair barbara thought jonas sorry paint set chin looking end line paint walked girls scowled jonas noon rocky climb mountain top
clears noon wait jonas barbara sure jonas impatient delay fetch milk breakfast overheard say daniel rest lucky thing horses slowing worry week pasture re table jonas passed butter barbara enjoy bread butter don try carry journey spoke soberly barbara caught twinkle dark eyes think rest jonas barbara confided mama later positively cheerful mother answered slowly jonas learning bread butter spirit butter bread jonas realized rest fun laughter important looked roughened hands don wish dinner rain poured settled afternoon daniel jonas nail broken stall barn girls mothers gathered hearth mrs franklin sat spinning wheel barbara low stool wound yarn skein mama held mrs mended torn sheet twins sorted scraps mrs franklin patchwork bag cozy warm circle rainstorm lashed
indian scout fort drew camp morning flying cloud watches enemies scout told jonas says safe french creek led west north thick woods patches open fields trail follow jonas penciled map father special landmarks marked busy river road strange walk trees crowded path hawthorn wild plum spruce tripped tangled roots vines woodpecker drumming overhead fish splashing creek broke silence look jonas pointed ax mark tree papa left blaze look barbara called dead pine tree rose skeleton ahead tree landmark papa map papa lead creek ran clear sparkling path stopped camp jonas took rod brought string catfish fry supper smelled hungry barbara patted stomach fire light shore wolf howled darkness mrs shuddered sound help remembering warnings indians heard fort night quiet morning round bend creek line canoes loaded women children traveling creek
barbara woke late night hear sound hoofbeats flying cloud braves riding guard thought eyes closed hoofbeats closer horse straight fire wheeled barbara saw tall swing saddle figure looked familiar suddenly heard jonas shout philip moment awake mrs ran philip scrambled greet philip leg mended ridden fast catch news fort franklin flying cloud scouts told camped spoons handed mrs baum didn need trade warning flying cloud philip added scouts say winter storms coming early north ground freezes path slippery pack horses hurry philip jonas agreed loaded daylight philip help clear path moved faster afternoon sky dark storm clouds barbara felt cold sting snowflakes face sharp bend creek jonas called stop woods barbara crept sight indian trouble heart pounded voice called hello barbara jumped hiding bushes
america part england nation fought war independence americans remembered government england taxed person speak american side american states knew wanted chose represent government federal system government americans won independence american leaders gathered write plan govern country plan wrote called constitution constitution states powers national government states constitution included page book today say federal government mean national government federal means writers constitution decided federal system government federal system government refers layers government constitution written powers divided national government states national federal government powers governments states powers city county governments powers local affairs layers government schools working laws saying subjects taught schools cities towns decide run schools teachers national government money help pay running schools
states regulate business states regulate businesses ways agencies regulate banks insurance companies regulate sporting events companies sell telephone service water electricity companies called utility companies remember states governor selects run agencies regulate banks closely regulated banking commission bank owners amount money bank records inspectors banking commission check banks insurance companies handle money regulated states insurance payments die policies die companies pay money families makes sure insurance companies money payments states say sell insurance policies licenses states tell companies charge insurance policies states public utility commissions public utility sells telephone service electricity gas water bus service company area sells products government tries companies charging customers utility company call utility commission job commission study matter
government power laws constitutions governments say local governments set states local governments governments smaller areas county governments city governments school districts water districts kinds local government county thirteen states created united states set government capital days travel business capital difficult leaders decided bring government closer states divided counties business capital county seat county today county things county keeps records births deaths county county builds roads sheriff county keeps law order county things care poor counties give poor food clothing medicine live america citizens counties louisiana calls county parish thousand counties united states counties sizes arlington county virginia smallest county country san county california thousand times bigger arlington county
unit read things government taxes pay government services pay levels government local government property taxes governments sales taxes federal government income taxes pay taxes government services roads schools water post offices courts need cost money store pay buy pay government services taxes taxes called direct taxes pay paying taxes indirect indirect tax tax manufacturers pay item sold manufacturer passes amount tax buyer buyer part price taxes income tax income tax direct tax income amount pays income tax federal government states cities collect income taxes income tax person pays depends person earns earn pay income tax person low income pays fifteen percent federal income taxes person high income pays seventy percent taxes
voter registration vote register vote means voter places list voters citizens vote elections vote list voters laws voters register states voter sign register vote states voters register number days election order vote easiest register mail dozen states allow include california iowa kansas kentucky maryland minnesota montana jersey york oregon tennessee texas states call voter registration office office send form complete fill information asked return card mail added list registered voters states city county office register person vote cities divided election districts word election district precinct precinct place living precinct vote voting school fire station precincts vote community center places vote private home live place vote
parties choose candidates support candidate announce wants run office say republicans democrats announced running office governor party run general election candidate chosen months general election party primary election primary election republicans run republicans democrats run democrats republicans vote republican primary democrats vote democratic primary republican receives votes republican nominee governor democrat receives votes democratic nominee governor voters choose democratic nominee republican nominee general election president elected want run president announcements candidates want represent party states allow party members select favorite party candidate president primary election nominee president actually elected election select delegates national convention oregon republicans voting presidential primary chose richard nixon result delegates republican national convention bound vote nixon party holds national convention months primary election select nominee president
laws apply credit today buys things credit buyers present credit cards money cost items bought charged charge account paying cash promise pay later words borrow debt large debts pay find trouble main kinds charge accounts stores regular charge account revolving charge account ordinary charge account pay thing bought bill store send store check stores charge interest kind debt pay bill thirty days revolving charge account kind account pay debt smaller monthly payments payment includes interest charge close twenty percent revolving charge account receive monthly bill store debt paid bill tell paying finance charges finance charges include interest money charges store pay payments bought credit repossessed seller store repossessed bought paying
legislative powers granted vested congress united states consist senate house representatives house representatives composed members chosen states electors qualifications requisite electors numerous branch legislature person representative attained age twenty citizen united states elected inhabitant chosen representatives direct taxes apportioned states included union according respective numbers determined adding number free persons including bound service term excluding indians taxed fifths persons actual enumeration meeting congress united states subsequent term ten manner law direct number representatives exceed thirty thousand representative enumeration hampshire entitled chuse massachusetts rhode island providence plantations connecticut york jersey pennsylvania delaware maryland virginia ten north carolina south carolina georgia
persons born naturalized united states subject jurisdiction thereof citizens united states reside enforce law abridge privileges immunities citizens united states deprive person liberty property due process law deny person jurisdiction equal protection laws representatives apportioned states according respective numbers counting number persons excluding indians taxed vote election choice electors president vice president united states representatives congress executive judicial officers members legislature thereof denied male inhabitants twenty age citizens united states abridged participation rebellion crime basis representation reduced proportion number male citizens bear number male citizens twenty age person senator representative congress elector president vice president hold office civil military united states previously oath member congress officer united states member legislature executive judicial officer support constitution united states engaged insurrection rebellion aid comfort enemies thereof
completing study section able essential steps scientific investigation explain meant controlled experiment define terms hypothesis theory broadly speaking science attempt understand live mean science goes simple observation description objects events tries find general principles explain things things happen kinds phenomena explained unanswered questions scientists specialists physicists chemists astronomers earth scientists biologists major fields numerous subdivisions today scientists knowledge investigations narrow field interest scientists fields approach problems scientist announces finding proposes idea scientists repeat test conclusions universal approach scientific problems called scientific method main features areas science task investigator define problem studied problem limited scope investigated chance clear cut results start research project investigator search literature topic investigator gathers information topic avoids unnecessary duplication
compound consists atoms combined definite proportions water proportion hydrogen atoms oxygen atom sodium chloride proportion sodium atom chlorine atom information compound chemical formula chemical formula element represented chemical symbol proportions atoms combine shown subscripts small numbers written symbol slightly line subscript written formula understood subscript shown formula water formula sodium chloride nacl formula shows simplest proportions atoms compound called empirical formula formula shows composition molecule compound called molecular formula compound cases molecular formula empirical formula molecular formula empirical formula water shows composition molecule water hydrogen atoms combined oxygen atom compounds chemically empirical formula especially true compounds carbon carbon atom form covalent bonds atoms including carbon atoms result carbon base complex molecules molecules proportions atoms atoms arranged entirely ways entirely numbers
cells plants microorganisms enclosed rigid cell wall cell membrane cell wall cell shape protection figure plants wall composed largely cellulose organisms compounds cell wall small openings allow free passage materials cell membrane thin strands cytoplasm extend walls adjacent cells possibly allowing direct passage materials cell animal cells cell wall cell plasma membrane separates interior cell surrounding environment controls movement materials cell making cell contents chemically environment function internal conditions cell constant maintain homeostasis cell membrane selectively permeable semipermeable substances pass freely substances pass slight extent times substances pass selective permeability cell membrane regulates chemical composition cell semipermeable nature membrane results chemical electrical properties molecules passage materials cell membranes discussed detail later chapter page cell membrane layered structure composed lipids proteins figure
basic types immunity inborn immunity acquired immunity inborn innate immunity diseases present birth types chemicals blood destroy types microorganisms specific antibodies present blood birth attack disease causing organisms humans inborn immunity microorganisms diseases types animals acquired immunity immunity develops individual lifetime types acquired immunity active passive active immunity body produces antibodies sensitized lymphocytes attack type antigen passive immunity person antibodies obtained blood person animal passive immunity borrowed immunity active acquired immunity develop result disease person chicken pox rarely disease memory cells remaining body tissues quickly produce antibodies lymphocytes chicken pox virus invades body active immunity develop vaccine vaccine consists dead weakened bacteria viruses modified bacterial toxins case organism toxin stimulate immune system longer disease vaccine injected body immune system responds presence antigens produces antibodies activated lymphocytes person develops immunity disease actually suffering
completing study section able define term excretion list major metabolic wastes processes formed organisms carry processes chemical environment internal fluids constant limits cells carry processes wastes produced wastes end products metabolism cellular respiration nutrients oxidized energy released stored form atp carbon dioxide water produced end products wastes removed organism excretion process wastes cellular metabolism removed organism excretory organs regulate chemical makeup blood body fluids removing metabolic wastes excess materials help maintain constant body temperature removing excess heat excretory organs function circulatory nervous endocrine systems maintaining constant internal environment maintain homeostasis important cellular wastes carbon dioxide water nitrogenous wastes mineral salts carbon dioxide water formed cellular respiration water produced dehydration synthesis page nitrogenous wastes form ammonia urea uric acid produced breakdown amino acids mineral salts sodium chloride potassium sulfate accumulate metabolism wastes poisons high concentrations addition wastes metabolism excretory system remove excess water salts substances accumulate organism
completing study section able define terms locomotion motile sessile list advantages locomotion types skeletons describe advantages disadvantages types living things capacity move place generated movement called locomotion organisms capable locomotion motile basic characteristic animals protists motile basic characteristic plants hand motile animals motile aquatic animals corals barnacles sponges move place place live attached ocean floor object animals stationary sessile movement parts bodies create water currents enable obtain food oxygen carry processes capacity move place place offers number advantages organism locomotion increases opportunities organisms obtain food cougar hunt food territory square kilometers locomotion enables organisms find suitable places live move harmful conditions environment fish tend swim warm oxygen poor water find cooler oxygen rich water locomotion enables organisms escape enemies seek shelter rabbits deer survive ability move quickly
growth plants light easily observable phenomenon charles darwin son francis conducted experiments find occurs experiments darwins grass seedlings sprouting seedling shoot called coleoptile group seedlings coleoptile tip covered tiny paper cap group seedlings left uncovered group parts seedlings covered coleoptile seedlings groups window uncovered seedlings uncovered tips grown light seedlings capped bend grew straight darwins concluded coleoptile light sensitive stimulus passes coleoptile lower parts plant stimulus plant bend drew conclusions nature stimulus early peter jensen continued investigations darwins cut coleoptile tips oat seedlings put agar bottoms cut tips jensen put cut tips remaining lower parts plants coleoptile tips separated lower parts plants agar seedlings grew light jensen concluded chemical produced tip transmitted lower part seedling stimulate growth
plants animals carry basic processes remain alive processes include transport nutrition excretion cellular respiration synthesis reproduction terms processes major difference plants animals capacity green plants synthesize organic nutrients need process photosynthesis plant nutrients need complex organ systems locomotion ingestion digestion food circulation excretion wastes functions carried specialized tissues chapter discuss processes plants photosynthesis reproduction discussed separate chapters completing study section able describe process transpiration factors affect explain mechanism transport fluid xylem plants describing factors involved describe transport nutrients plants transpiration loss plant water form water vapor transpiration takes place evaporation stomates leaves occurs lenticels stem transpiration closely related plant need exchange carbon dioxide oxygen atmosphere gases diffuse plant cell membranes cell surfaces moist internal surfaces leaf cells moist water drawn roots water continuously evaporates intercellular spaces leaf passes stomates
regeneration ability organism regrow lost body parts simple animals hydra planaria starfish earthworm ability regenerate lost parts hydra cut half half regenerate individual planaria cut pieces grow complete worm starfish feed oysters try destroy starfish caught chopping pieces tossing pieces water part starfish regenerate organism piece central disc fishermen actually helping starfish multiply destroying power regeneration decreases animals complex crab regrow lost claw regenerate animal small pieces mammals repair damaged tissue regenerate leg toe simple organisms powers regeneration reproduce manner natural circumstances plants reproduce sexually means seeds asexual reproduction involving roots stems leaves common roots stems leaves called vegetative structures function nutrition growth plants give rise plant process called vegetative reproduction vegetative propagation vegetative reproduction undifferentiated cells cambium epidermal cells divide differentiate give rise independent plant
cell organism full set genes genes cells perform functions produce proteins set genes activated cell set activated cell organism scientists interested gene transcription controlled early french biologists francois jacob jacques monod andre discovered transcription genes controlled bacterium escherichia coli awarded nobel prize jacob monod studied production enzymes bacteria digest sugar lactose found enzymes produced bacteria needed lactose present enzyme production turned depending needs cell jacob monod determined production lactose digesting enzymes regulated cluster genes figure amino acid sequences enzymes determined structural genes structural gene dna segment codes production polypeptide investigators found activity structural genes controlled operator gene sequence nucleotides found structural genes structural genes transcribed operator gene active think operator switched transcription switched prevent transcription
variety factors involved speciation important isolation isolation refers prevents groups species interbreeding isolating group organisms effect separating gene pool gene pool rest species generally believed speciation step process involving geographic isolation later reproductive isolation geographic isolation occurs population divided natural barrier mountain desert river body water landslide caused earthquake result gene pool group isolated longer period group adapted environment mutation genetic recombination natural selection gene pool evolve group differences isolated groups sufficiently longer able interbreed geographic isolation replaced reproductive isolation reproductive isolation produced mechanisms differences arise groups courtship behavior times mating structure sex organs unlikely mating occur affect events mating involve inability sperm fertilize eggs death embryo early development development offspring sterile according biologists groups organisms interbreed successfully considered species
thousands believed living organisms arise spontaneously nonliving matter course days weeks idea theory spontaneous generation belief spontaneous generation based common observations ancient egyptians seeing frogs snakes coming mud nile river concluded animals formed mud greek philosopher aristotle believed active principle responsible active principle thought present mud eels arise mud rivers popular beliefs fleas lice arose sweat mice arose garbage flies arose decaying meat snakes worms arose water early belgian physician jan van performed experiment support idea spontaneous generation wheat grains sweaty shirt days wheat mice present van reasoned human sweat active principle changed wheat grains mice uncontrolled experiment experimental proof gained wide acceptance scientists mid italian physician francesco redi struck blow idea spontaneous generation matter common observation meat left exposed air maggots soon maggots larvae flies thought kind worm shape method movement
grasslands prairies found north america asia south america south africa occur temperate tropical climates grasslands cover large areas interior continent develop rainfall ranges centimeters quantity rainfall support deciduous forest grasses dominant form vegetation figure soil grasslands deep rich areas productive farmlands earth natural vegetation grasslands includes species grasses wildflowers wetter areas rivers vegetation dense include shrubs animals north american grasslands include coyotes badgers rattlesnakes prairie dogs jackrabbits ground squirrels past herds bison antelope common replaced domesticated cattle sheep africa grasslands populated zebras giraffes gazelles large grazing animals predators lions feed grazers present fewer types birds grasslands deciduous forest meadowlarks ring pheasant prairie chickens hawks owls insects grasshopper populations huge deserts occur regions dry support grasses rainfall centimeters north america desert extending mexico north eastern part washington huge areas desert found south america africa asia australia
known microorganisms obtain energy need metabolic processes thought energy communities organisms provided photosynthesis marine biologists oceanographers investigating galapagos rift eastern part pacific ocean discovered type community based galapagos rift area ocean floor molten material core earth comes cracks vents earth surface meeting cold ocean waters molten material called magma solidifies form porous black lava parts open ocean floor dark existing organisms specialized heterotrophs feed organic matter drifting water surface vent galapagos rift kilometers beneath surface communities mussels clams crabs worms forms known exist unlike communities earth surface energy source organisms vent communities geothermal heat core earth vents sea water porous lava saturated minerals heat earth core super boils water ocean cracks lava boiling plums reach heat sulfate rock hydrogen sulfide bacteria vent communities hydrogen sulfide combination oxygen carbon dioxide synthesize organic compounds
forests supply wide variety materials human renewable natural resource soil replacement forests slow process poor tree cutting practices permanent damage forest ecosystem addition furnishing wood trees production paper charcoal turpentine rayon forest soils hold large quantities water trees undergrowth forest prevent soil erosion populations grown need cleared land forest products increased result parts amount forest land shrinking attempt raise productivity ensure future supplies conservation practices applied remaining forests sustained yield tree farming involves cutting trees areas forest leaving surrounding areas untouched block cutting square areas forest cut reseeding cut section takes place naturally seeds coming surrounding forest strip cutting strips trees cut strips untouched forest selective harvesting trees marked cut leaving undisturbed reforestation programs cut areas planted seeds seedlings type generally fast growing disease resistant varieties produce quality lumber forestry programs undesirable diseased dead trees removed allow space growth timber growth cities suburbs led destruction natural habitats types plants animals
rode lush farm country middle autumn quaint towns streets showed brilliant colors turning trees father visibly strained place bits talk silences random things patience demanded girl face caught rear view mirror don fool married damn young fool didn bringing children father defense half attack girl responded mother suggested stop coffee pleasure trip fall lovely young daughter beautiful country found roadside diner turned girl quickly walked rest rooms building walked heads parents turned quickly look father wait mother asked aloud analytical planning effects advance act say husband let guided easy feeling confused lonely let talk planning figuring taking comfort
earth reckoning deborah peaceful demands pressures caused agony yr able reality yr partition gauze occasions felt faced janus face letting slip caused trouble school living secret calendar yr measure returned heavy calendar middle wonderful omniscient feeling changing headed class paper teacher deborah mark paper word teacher stood desk nightmare terror coming risen sane schoolroom deborah looked found outlines gray gray depth flatly picture mark paper emblem coming yr earth caught transition answer answer horror horror awakened rationally lied dissembled heart choking
deborah annoyed doctor took private facts moved ends bars thickening doctor soft accented voice closing closing silence metal wall words want want mother deborah don want visit words surprised knew meant important didn words mouth mind remember giving order feeling sweep feeling voice logic convinced remained mute lost faith desires defend blindly part present feeling knew delight power reward punish father love weapon knowledge hard express pity love dangerous knew hospital knew defend knowledge express belonged considering eloquence locks bars jacob overcome horror sadness seen brought
tumor removed jubilant driven home hospital light rain laughing deborah stood car looked gray skies wet streets pulling coats close reality inside car singing mother cheerful father murky sky finishing rain exhausted dark occurred darkness forever going color later realities argued soul reminded knowledge hospital dream white room hospital room imagined open window saw brilliant blue sky swiftly changing white cloud rode window flowerpot stood red geranium growing dream voice flowers hospital strength live strong suddenly dream air dark sky window blackened stone thrown smashed pot broke plant sound screaming foreknowledge horrible later bitter voiced art student deborah entirely passed broken flowerpot fallen street
secret dr fried going meantime hard close looks hate camp school school semitic truer hate hard spite lessons manners dislike mere dislike turned active anger hate knew say won defend knew maids house left continuous procession apologize knew greeted friend turned asked spoke found happened sure hiding truth needed angered friends tried tried imagine think remember idea feel happening surprise inevitable surprise inevitable law awful destruction coming coming closer shadow inevitable
sat dinner esther tired jacob angry report jacob read general usual say hates terrors deep inside beloved daughter erupted transferred greater protection meant debby eye saw high barred screened place ear heard madhouse scream high violent ward torment night night sleep porch screaming debby esther known couldn truth forever hidden reports misread jacob knew try calm carefully neutral words ward administrator say ways esther explained jacob didn believe wondered believed table tried forget report suzy sake returned worry speaking kind code head happy daughter sat chattering meal knowing knowing heaviness fog hide
car driving home esther jacob silent waiting truth plain seen contradicted felt true mute confusion trusted dr fried calming hope hope desperate daughter unrecognizable frightened mumbling violence subtle terrifying kind withdrawal inhabited body left visitor room jacob pale esther striving catch feeling murmured beaten death inside jacob anger risen turned talk let chicago knew past suzy told truth dr fried continued chase corner urge patient circles loving hating deborah fleeing yr darknesses throwing dust hide longed blindness ignorance realized saw recognized exposed discussion shameful fearful ugly deborah reason necessity mysterious lower places yr let father announced session
miss coral latin greek sorry grammar lost familiar landmarks read classics number bits pieces copied papers scraps paper embarrassment cramming pockets stuffed bedsprings realized ask special privilege notebook took week nerve finally took place petitioners waited ward doctor rounds counting habitually lee hey want double sedatives tonight wife assassinated let home want home mary dr contracted social disease socialists mary dr murder fire fire carla going movie town needed special permission patient money miss coral starting bottom ask basic ward privilege doctor arrived ward requests answers flew deborah asked notebook looked quickly measuring shot departing shoulder afternoon dr adams ward sylvia
war making names pacific islands language hell magic americans collect hate japanese hated urbane falling smile bird remembered hearing fragment speech radio collect cried enemy fight night falling asleep deborah reborn captured japanese soldier mask american jewish girl past american suburb city elliptical eyes enemy looked tumor impossible insistent anguish war wound mind strange language rang dreams escape hate captors wished lose war offered meaning irreconcilable deborah secret female parts bitter secrecy wound hidden language captivity secrecy glory misery yr declaration justified war pacific caused deborah break glass step pieces bare foot pain doctor wincing picked slivers awed puzzled stoicism
dead warmth earth summer contradicting deborah season sun gray spot empty universe stopped reacting surface dead moon motion ceased sat fixed display bed occasionally inside yr present alternatives ride hot wind fall soar rising columns air canyons sorrow yr times rare took incessant ceremonial tolls yr apprehended named doctor snake tooth drawing implication hot summer dry shaking rattles senseless evil sound think sat rigid mute hour hour slowly volcano began form beneath masklike face days dragged voices counter voices hates terrors began stony depths heat grew mounted shape woman veiled beautiful reminding queen victim beauty saying deborah someday aspire simply ugly
ward discovered patients safe thought swept ward reforms widen distance patients fork introduced rescinded age metal gave age wood fire prevailed precincts nursing station modern era pleistocene erectus shambled muttered gibberish ate fingers wet floor thanks lot kid lee miller sarcastically walked past deborah lighted place modern supplied patients status symbols cigarette match hell deborah answered tone lacked conviction later wife abdicated accused spy league secretary interior deborah knew secretary interior worst enemies getting matches butts difficult means impossible modern careless fire tipped cylinders burned breathed waiting fire hungry primitive gray flat magically included cigarette sharp focus color smell dimensions form firing volcano change surface granite garment called gods collect censor wildly free punishment logic yr erased laws overturned
looked ill deborah laughed ugliness cry mean physically matter tried tell walls began bleeding sweating ceiling developed large tumor began separate surface hear asked deborah tried say felt gesture gesture insanity flattened hands thrust unable meet listen try hear seriously afraid power control deborah speak say collision try let gears ai need hospital hospital need fear terrible forces opened listen hard try stay contact try talk tell happening collided worlds strength excesses sickness fear eased deborah say english nonsense wild hitting anger angry anger grows rotted guilt fear bad smelling pebbles inside suffering anger
deborah spent months simply working series pen ink drawings cleaving past heavy hours dr fried began gain form dimension color started find sessions choir practice sewing class fragile scaffold build hope matter pleasant sane operative invisible methodist liturgical gossip ladies altar club penetrate inch politely closed faces motions duplicated places text john fold amen looked congregation sunday wondered thanked god light minds friends cold pain responsive laws nature depth sight laws expectations friends days nights follow stately rhythm sparks fly upward friends beautiful enviable lives realized spare hour pastimes provided test exercise fragile yes newborn reality read latin greek graduated high school memory memories occasional visitor foreign place looked town papers surprised feeble knowledge requirements
miraculously need seen earth deborah found exceptional problem common covered statute prove board regents conquest high school subjects certificate equivalency undergo big stone school ride hours hours hospital city remedial tutorial school quicker perilous bridge maybe fell dizzily full doubt found balance took books dove buried pages sounded bottom whale rose took breath plunged despite dangerously hypnotic effect double hour ride pride stubborn battle gave strength needed struggled stay demands study travel teachers able open tiny crack wall separation month school ward nurse woke full light morning ready leave school allowed doctor order medicinal cup coffee week fidelity early hour night nurse added toast glass juice responsibility deborah proud respect extras showed extraordinary hospital workers tended give flat requirement lately moment stood door morning schoolbooks symbols responsible sanity waited unlocked large madhouse key attendant say
pitifully proud strength struggle succeed study half trying late nineteen high school graduate parents calling news chicago wanted whispered turning fence sudden helplessness field boys running late afternoon magic ten foot shadows young strong golden late sun capacities drop laughing easy wall offered immense beauty burn strength staying alive field gleaming sun figures walked slender young girl grace innocence held hand boy walked jacket hung loosely slim shoulders slowly walked field past times stopped playing saying ended laughter lean nuzzling gathered hair cheek deborah talked loud crazy
arf barking shark arf shark big bark fish swim shark swam arf shark let play arf happy arf arf shark swam arf happy shark swam arf shark let play arf happy arf arf shark swam arf happy big big fish liked eat sharks swam sharks help help yelled big fish swimming fast arf barking shark sharks big bark arf arf arf sharks swam arf help sharks big fish liked eat sharks going sharks arf swam big fish arf arf big fish swam sharks liked arf arf arf plays sharks big fish likes eat sharks swims arf says arf arf big fish swims story dog named spot spot hear store bones store fine
tall dog liked talk liked read dog reading book tall hall called dog yelled dog play ball dog yelled hear call call call don play ball ball ball getting mad yelled dog stop reading book start playing ball yelled hall hall hall play ball ball ball mad room coat going walk want dog sit fat fat fat tall left dog book hate walk walk walk talk talk talk small bug home live tall tree big eagle tall tree look home bug lived hole mole hole look home small bug lived farm box salt cow salt eat lick salt
small bug wanted live inside ball tall girl told leave ball find home small bug started cry live tall tree live box salt live horse stall stay ball stop crying girl stand small bugs cry bug let stay ball play girl don play bugs hate bugs bug sing let party going ball don silly fit ball look tall bug called let stay girl sat floor looked small bug think going think tall girl wanted bug leave ball find home bug cried told things let stay ball sing let party ball girl sitting floor thinking bug brother room
girl live girl want told mountain girl hound girl hound clouds clouds fog girl hound going clouds ground clouds sun sun girl eyes sat hound sit rest girl looked saw funny house didn house let lives girl hound walked funny house loud sound house girl hound clouds hear coming house loud sound house girl stopped looked sound house girl hound walked house called inside house door house opened girl looked inside house
inside pouch elf lived pouch girl open pouch looked pouch slowly opened jumped elf bigger foot girl hound elf jumped room jumped table floor ran wall wall ran hound hound yelled elf shouted lived pouch thousand girl hound stopped going elf sat table thank magic pouch careful pouch bad pouch bad elf told girl bad pouch bad girl picked pouch elf let magic pouch reached inside pouch found ten round rocks shine round rocks gold shouted rich girl thanked elf pouch girl hound started tall mountain clouds left clouds girl ground
sam liked things liked toy cars store toy car kit mom kit parts car read find fit parts car sam sam began read paper car kit began fit parts car soon toy car mom fine car reading making things sam thing cars store kite kit home showed mom kite kit mom kit lot parts read paper comes kit find kite sam looked inside kit paper paper kit sam mom bad kite paper kit sam store paper tells kite parts sam store store don papers tell kites
called don stairs don stairs dim don woman gave dime woman cap cape don woman think sorry let try super thank don try woman held dime give dime bad things don don looked dime looked woman don stairs clean mess don began super hard fixed walls doors hats mopped fixed car bus school began fix wall wall truck stopped front school began carry big bags truck bags bigger don jumped ran let help don small job job baby sick help don don helped big bags truck
sid read note told send pine trees sid pin trees note told fix window pane sid window pan sid table picked note note tape oak tree door sid read words note sid tap oak tree door funny thing sid oak tree door tapped hand table read notes note send cone sam tree farm sid looked words send con sam tree farm sid don cons shop cons jail sid called jail jailer con send tree farm jailer yes fine con getting jail today needs job glad send tree farm sid send con sam tree farm sid took care con job boss proud think boss proud things sid
sid felt sad tear ran cheek boss mad sitting floor tapping cane looking sid boss didn plant seeds slope planted seeds slop yes sid didn mean bad job don read boss teach read going help shop reading boss began teach sid read words pane rode tape sid sat side boss boss notes sid read sid read words hope rob sid read week sid read words boss hard notes note hide bit cheese mop note tape cap cape boss fool sid boss leaves shop says sid read notes table notes tell sid note tells fix window pane note tells send cone tree farm sends cone con sid happy boss
going genie school woman told teacher need genies send children school yellow bottle teacher children genies smart woman wait girl found yellow bottle rub anytime rubs genie bottle teacher looked children working genies teacher don children pick genie woman give children test child test yellow bottle woman walked children want peach floor children began say things peaches began floor peach peaches peaches peaches disappeared pile sand didn peach beach woman shouted didn say didn beach woman wait anymore pick children looked children
mean boys tried bottle carla rubbed bottle appeared master carla carla give boys spanking yes master sounded smart didn give boys spanking remember word banking carla going give spanking yes spanking waved hands suddenly carla boys bank banking carla kind genie boys let began run bank fast sad carla genie bottle thousands tricks thousands telling big lies genie lived bottle thousands didn forget genie tricks able carla bank home yes master carla easy folded arms words suddenly carla standing middle big city carla looked home rome
carla picked bottle tossed window house big woman holding bottle tossed bottle window screamed ran grabbed carla didn tossed bottle window yes carla didn mean didn show woman put bottle picked broom going spank carla broom carla bent rubbed bottle poof try master words suddenly pane glass window broken stop carla look window longer broken woman looked window don believe saw glass flying glass window woman dropped broom house left carla gave big hug wanted window pane glass happen smiled think getting genie carla maybe try hard master don hate don carla looked smiled
jean red stripes red stripes disappear path taking jean ran dusty path path lead mountain rule dusty path soon jean lake path front jean wonder mean tell jean rule began run jean jean dear forgot say mean tell jean say jean mean rule making mean mean jean jumped lake red stripes disappear rule red stripes disappeared hair turned white dear wish wizard suddenly wizard appeared listen dear tell rule getting rid white hair stand foot white hair disappear jean tried say rule times couldn help say rule jean rule wizard disappeared jean hair turned white wizard told white hair
wizard told jean rule getting hair tell jean rule jean started ask wizard wizard disappeared ask question jean think hair jean clapped hands hair jean felt head hair ran lake looked water hair striped striped hair bald big funny looking animal lake part animal looked horse part animal looked monkey animal walked jean help place sixteen rules jean teach rules don funny animal rule dusty paths lead mountain jean dusty paths lead mountain animal looked angry saying tell lie jean talking animal rule jump lake red stripes jean jump lake stripes disappear talking animal looked angry say lie talking animals lie don want rules tell rules
jean fly rule flying strange looking say jean say bark bark squeak squeak hate place jean sorry wanted dream pets haven seen pet place want home handed jean note note pet kind pet want cat dog horse pig tell kind pet want jean looked let dog word dog letters jean began walk letters bark bark quiet jean dogs don say bark bark say woof woof bark bark letters wish wizard jean want find rules wizard appeared found rule letters yes jean tell dog letters wizard remember rule tell rules find rules
lots road car cow sitting road ran cow lift cow lift cow cow fat lift cow fat lift cow car car sat road cow home car fat dog met dog fat dog red nose dog red nose fat dog red nose dog wish red nose fat dog paint paint nose dog paint nose nose red kissed fat dog ear fat dog paint ear girl going walk met fat cat cats talk girl cat talk talk girls talk dogs girl cat cats talk cat talk girls girl cat give fish cake cats
gave don dime woman cape cap don super don hope works tapped dime times times sound thunder boooooommmmmm don asked looked hand dime don saw cape cap wow don tapped dime super don dime tape arm super don kicked wall big hole wall don smiled wow super hopped store hit wall hole wall holes wall don hopped hat shop hitting things hate hats hit hat box hole hate mops broke mop fun store mess holes wall hats holes doors holes don stop super gave don dime tape dime things don mope super
woman hat store told don don woman don holes walls crashed car bus ran side school boys girls began shout hate ran don began mope super likes tear ran don cheek tear ran cheek don looked saw cape cap head don super don ran street fast fast stopped parked car tried pick longer super tap dime tape dime arm slowly don walked hat store sad woman gave dime told super dark inside store don holes walls holes doors holes hats don sat mop began mope fix store began clean mess sound stairs
sid job worked seed shop shop lots plants boss shop bad leg walked cane walking cane left cane big door boss hop truck side town stay care shop boss cane truck truck pile notes table care boss left sid table began read notes note send ten pine trees sid read words send ten pin trees looked shop pins stuck pins sticks ten trees pins don wants pin trees send picked note fix window pane sid looked words fix window pan sid looked shop window pan window pan big tin pan nailed window
kitten sad home find home looked mail box home mail box dark mail box kitten want live mail box dark looked nest tree home tree sat nest started snow kitten want live nest cold find home began walk nest saw fish bowl home fish bowl wet want live fish bowl wet started cry girl girl asked crying kitten answered home kitten sad home tried live mail box nest fish bowl homes started cry small girl asked crying kitten told small girl mail box nest fish bowl kitten sad home
boo ghost mean ghosts lived ghosts mean liked mean things boo mean ghosts mean things read night ghosts boo leave house playing mean tricks boo sitting seat reading book ghosts ghost leave house boo asked don care biggest ghost house boo picked heap books left house walked house hear ghosts talking laughing planning mean things boo walked road town stopped hear crying boo looked dark stream saw crying big green frog frog looked boo stopped crying frog ghost yes boo talking frog frog king monster cast spell turned frog sad help boo asked frog help mean ghosts boo leave house
boo plan getting gold rod monster boo floated house ghosts stayed floated inside house ghosts eating big meal ate big meal mean things ghosts saw boo stopped eating leave house boo found scare ghosts jumped table biggest ghost big horse look meaner monster scare shouted ghosts look big mean scare boo monster mean scare magic things look ghosts looked boo fish tail fin started laugh monster play magic tricks biggest ghost ghost magic won real ghosts boo turn log frog ghosts let monster let try play tricks ghosts yes let lead
carla forest tried hot dog carla hot log appeared carla laughed felt sad carla call help hears tell yes sound loud loud words loud sound cloud carla laughed tried loud cloud don try cloud maybe sound loud yes master folded arms words suddenly loud sound filled air help help worked tried cloud sound loud jumped shouted laughed home carla asked hopping bit wished home rome wish rome home carla ran gave kiss blushed folded arms words suddenly carla flying air stopped looked nuts re home
carla rome happen wished window pane pane think maybe call help think carla call help folded arms began say things began fly sky began dive big wet fat fish carla began laugh don think re genie held big book school book tells things genie maybe read book find home plan carla let park sit shade carla park sat stream carla let flip book part tell hard tricks carla flipped book stopped part home want carla began read part loud carla reading school book reading part told wanted home book want home fold arms
carla told genie didn want fight needed help help genie genie stood foot words poof standing genie re carla ran gave big hug afraid school genie genie try send genie school carla don want genie want fit genie genie find home don care carla want genie bottle rubbed genie want school genie carla school genie school carla asked genie genie human knows humans simple tricks don say carla turn thousand rocks water swim home genie genie school don think re going
egg egg shore pond sand sun shining egg getting hotter hotter egg chicken egg duckling egg egg turtle turtle turtle egg looked things looked sun felt hot felt walked pond water felt swim fun sat log grabbed fly ate saw frog frog log frog funny looking turtle say looked didn feel funny looking felt sad frog look yes frog smiled watch frog jumped splash landed water wow turtle think jump land water turtle tried jump didn slid log landed water frog ho ho
flame snake turtle mouth turtle shot turtle fast frog jump turtle pulled head shell snake mouth hit shell ow ow flame yelled tooth tooth think broke tooth hard shell flame sliding ow ow turtle happen snake sneak snake silly knows snakes sneaks snake sneaky turtle sneaky want snake re nuts want jump frog fly bird turtle things flame think want turtle maybe things frogs turtles snake snakes thank flame smiled snakes weeds frog lunch yes turtle turtle stepped side snake began slide weeds
boy big job took flock sheep side mountain job watch sheep safe watch wolves mountain lions boy hard worker didn job tired watching sheep want fun began think ways fun smiled think run town play joke tell big wolf eat sheep run wolf tell wolf joke boy town began shout help help big wolf eating sheep ran flock sheep boy started laugh ha ha played joke wolf boy father joke wolf flock believe yell wolf wolf week boy tired watching sheep town yelled wolf wolf big wolf eating sheep town ran flock
wizard told jean rule getting hair tell jean rule jean started ask wizard wizard disappeared ask question jean think hair jean clapped hands hair jean felt head hair ran lake looked water hair striped striped hair bald big funny looking animal lake part animal looked horse part animal looked monkey animal walked jean help place sixteen rules jean teach rules don funny animal rule dusty paths lead mountain jean dusty paths lead mountain animal looked angry saying tell lie jean talking animal rule jump lake red stripes jean jump lake stripes disappear talking animal looked angry say lie talking animals lie don want rules tell rules
talking animal told jean rule cold told rule fun rule cold jean found rule warm tell jean rule don remember turn page read rule want warm say want warm jean trying figure rule talking animals talking animal lied told rule dusty path lied told rule jumping lake lied happen side slide think rule talking animals turned wizard rule talking animals lie wizard believe talking animal tells tells pink ice cream eat pink ice cream eat tells big mean big mean jean tells eat green apples shouldn eat green apples wizard rule talking animals talking animals lie don tell mess
jean fly rule flying strange looking say jean say bark bark squeak squeak hate place jean sorry wanted dream pets haven seen pet place want home handed jean note note pet kind pet want cat dog horse pig tell kind pet want jean looked let dog word dog letters jean began walk letters bark bark quiet jean dogs don say bark bark say woof woof bark bark letters wish wizard jean want find rules wizard appeared found rule letters yes jean tell dog letters wizard remember rule tell rules find rules
tom brother pets pet frog pet big mean tiger tom brother pets boxes tom want play pet frog tom brother rule frog frog box striped tom brother don mixed pet tiger boxes tom rule room boxes tom saw tom looked box tried think rule brother told box striped frog inside box tom looked box box striped frog inside box tom looked box looking boxes tom opened box frog hop box turn page happened story read today tells things eat things things rule sweet things apples grapes sweet things cake candy tom boy smaller boys wanted big play football small brother want big eat
story read today don walks forest facts forests forest place tall trees grow close forest trees block light sun inside forest dark tell forest tree looking forest trees tall straight trees grow fields tall straight don pretty white coat didn white coats wanted gray coat don buy gray coat started walk town walk strange forest town don met wise path forest don told wise gray coat wise give gray coat wise held pretty gray coat coat white spot pointed spot try wash spot rule wash spot bigger don listen don took pretty gray coat home don spot coat wash don soap water started wash spot washed bit spot bigger
today story tells water lilies water lilies pretty plants grow water facts water lilies water lilies large flat leaves float water water lilies flowers big dish water lilies yellow pink white picture water lilies jane hurry town creep town side lake road creep lake road strange forest past farm forest town creep jane ran house strange forest stopped rest wise asked going told faster town creep lake don boat jane don canoe anymore canoe canoe hole front rule canoe sit canoe won sink remember rule jane jane canoe began paddle paddled water lilies pretty water lily stuck front canoe
read fleas today story facts fleas fleas insects insects legs fleas legs fleas bite suck blood row big fleas centimeter kinds fleas live kinds animals cat fleas live cats cat fleas dog fleas dog fleas human fleas human fleas rat fleas picture shows dog flea aunt fanny flea circus formed circus line acts aunt fanny famous fleas act carl dove centimeters drops water carl dive watching show sit making sound cheer stamp feet act crowds loved martha skipped rope walking leg high wire high wire spider web waxed martha wouldn stick french flea henry ouch flea trained rats cage rats kinds tricks told jump backs bite aunt fanny flea circus bringing big crowds making lots money
fleas aunt fanny flea circus tired aunt fanny treating minds carl spoke fleas aunt fanny tried tell change ways wouldn listen carl late dinner flea nice match box carl mad kicked big speck dust dinner yelled loud things tomorrow aunt fanny big surprise circus packed aunt fanny picked stick bowed crowd clapped ladies gentlemen welcome greatest flea show introduced act martha high wire aunt fanny waved stick martha high wire didn skip rope hopping leg walked middle wire fell crowd yelled act henry ouch cage rats didn rats tricks hopped cage rats sleep boo crowd yelled act carl top centimeter ladder looked aunt fanny don think treat
toads frogs members family toads frogs facts toads skin rough covered warts toads teeth legs toads big strong goad lived mile lake road lake town town named visited town hunt big smart fast toad evening find hundreds sitting talking goad talk traps catch goad tell goad escaped favorite stories big net hunters alaska mile lake net nearly mile wide waited goad hill trees white rocks flew hill plane dropped big net hill goad net hunters rushed place goad seen goad grass large white rocks hunters removed net began centimeter ground suddenly hunters noticed biggest rock moving biggest rock wasn rock
story read today tells ants facts ants ants insects insects legs ants red ants black ants strong size rule ant carry object weighs ten times ant ant weighed elephant ant carry ten elephants ants light hundred ants weigh peanut nancy words heard record began spin sally started grow bigger bigger bigger sally wasn thing began grow jump rope sally holding began larger sally voice boomed wrong wrong turning spinning things getting larger larger nancy taller grass sidewalk sally looking nancy nancy wrong re tiny thing help sally dropped jump rope ran step sally took shook ground nancy looked afraid cry wouldn treat baby ant running sidewalk nancy looked size ant knew grown smaller
story read today talks sugar shines grain sugar smaller ant bigger grain sand picture shows grain sugar look big grain picture sharp corners side smooth sugar looks glass sugar shines glass nancy shouting waving arms mother police officer didn walked room nancy ran fast tiny legs move couldn reached doorway bedroom tired mother police officer walk doorway took steps nancy run nancy decided follow mother bedroom door nancy didn want lost stood trying catch breath walked slowly dollhouse looked bits pieces things stuck carpet giant ropes blue green giant pieces dirt giant crumbs crumb size bucket nancy cookie crumb wonder nancy wonder stale felt silly thought going head
fill tube water water skin dish water hair show water skin float hair water re careful hair won wet rest skin water hair picture resting water hold hair hands picture holding hair push hair skin water push skin water bending hair hair goes skin goes hair pushed look skin slowly pull hair moves skin hanging hair hair goes skin goes hair moving nancy climbed top cabinet ready nice drink water sink lots drops water drops bigger drops size open umbrella top rushed nancy didn water drops rule water drops skin goes skin tough pond insects called water striders walk top water
herman fly flew farther fly want understand happened herman lived herman born york city born cabbage leaf kilometers large airport called kennedy airport kennedy airport busy kennedy airport night planes sky getting ready land ground getting ready herman kennedy airport kilometers pretty fly travel herman didn fly buzzing looking food saw nice warm yellow didn warm yellow landed brand taxicab airport stopped traffic light herman landed roof cab began move herman thought fly realized wind blowing fast rule faster cab moves faster wind blows herman flies don wind blowing fast flies legs hang hard herman hung hard wind blew blew soon wind blew slower slower wind stopped cab stopped airport
facts speed fast run fast kilometers hour pointer run fast kilometers hour racing car fast hundred kilometers hour jet flies fast hundred kilometers hour part herman story united states kennedy airport york city york city east side united states touch york city map cities west side united states san francisco touch san francisco map herman purse purse belonged member jumbo jet crew woman closed purse herman couldn herman didn idea inside dark place thought try started eat candy eating hard things bouncing crew members walking airport jumbo jet jumbo jet going fly york city san francisco touch map show jet starts land trip york city san francisco thousand kilometers herman trying eat purse bounced
flies jumbo jets flies united states happened herman city east coast city west coast wasn fly trip plane chicago captain talked loud speaker passengers look city chicago lake chicago lake michigan herman wasn looking lakes trying find eat smell stuff crew brewing coffee cooking dinner passengers didn herman find place food plane place called kitchen called galley galley warm smelled herman re going begin meal service crew member return seats herman started meal service started salad shrimp thought piece cheese thought fly eat meal service nap herman found perfect place metal panel oven warm herman napped rest trip crew members put food trays
sinking ship making currents water currents pulling linda kathy ship prow ship water prow pointing air beginning slip water huge billows smoke beginning clear currents pulling harder harder linda kathy swimming water linda pointing crate meters linda swam fast swam swam couldn move current reached grabbed corner crate climbed crate floating high water linda pulled kathy crate let paddle current sucks ship linda sister bellies hands paddles paddled hard rushing sounds began fade linda turned saw tip prow sticking water rushing sounds faded completely ocean quiet huge trail smoke hung ocean sign ship patch water bubbles coming linda kathy looked looked lifeboats girls sat crate feet water
linda kathy walked beach dark walked close waves waves washed swirled water girls ankles waves fell pulling sand girls feet suddenly linda stepped cold water colder water ocean water running ocean girls standing stream linda bent tasted water fresh water kathy water announced kathy linda drank water couldn drink sleep linda didn slept strange sound woke morning caw chee caw chee large birds girls trees trees palm trees trunks shelves ladder birds colors white red yellow small black birds yellow beaks noise think myna birds linda re smart hungry kathy linda stood looked beach bright sand blue sky fluffy white clouds ocean stretching met sky crate twenty meters water house boat person sister linda let walk beach find
linda kathy island linda stop crying kathy smart heads linda looked started think pointed trees beach coconut palm trees sister coconuts eat fronds join trunk tree linda pointed girls ran trees started looking monkeys screeched girls trees coconuts ground smelled foul covered bugs coconuts rotten girls looking found coconuts kathy picked coconuts shook sounded bottle water kathy break open threw sand hard coconut dent sand mark coconut kathy picked coconut slammed sand outcome don kathy idea linda explained idea kathy girls walked beach large rock meters linda climbed rock held coconut hands raised hands head threw coconut rock hard
linda kathy able pull net water filled fish linda began think solve problem sat rocks edge ocean thought waves rolled splashed rocks sun hot suddenly linda jumped kathy sitting edge rocks startled linda fell water linda repeated construct water wheel pull net water kathy asked show linda took boards crate fine blades found small straight tree trunk beach linda shaft nail parts don hammer nails kathy linda pull nails crate pound straight bent flat rocks hammers job easy sisters pulled lot nails crate straightening difficult linda hit fingers hurt sun beginning hide palm trees lined beach linda kathy looked linda drag water wheel stream place waterfall
linda kneeling water wheel linda waited suddenly felt tug vine knew tug meant wrapped end vine turning shaft careful hand close shaft wheel turning force vine started move shaft wrapped shaft shaft squeaking sound bend bit faster faster vine wrapped shaft linda couldn happening beach imagined net moving closer beach filled fish thrashing meters meters vine wrapped shaft linda stopped water wheel took heavy tree branch jammed blade water wheel picture page shows branch place blades couldn turn shaft couldn turn wheel stopped turning linda streambed beach saw net stopped ten meters ocean filled thrashing fish fish looked bigger kathy wow linda lot fish eat let put kathy eat fish big meals
linda didn believe ship sight linda slowly turned head looked south saw dark water dark water shiny sliver white ship ship sun shining side ship linda loud kathy raised arms waved hello hollered kilometers linda won able hear smoke signal girls dumped green leaves fire moments fire going large billows smoke rolled air shiny sliver ocean getting larger smoke kathy hollered girls threw heaps grass fire fire coughed bigger bigger billows ship ocean liner linda kathy linda standing deck stopping kathy yelled ship stopping linda sister ran hill linda fell cut leg didn notice linda ran fast reached shore waved arms boat slowly lowered side ocean liner boat started shore linda crying ship weeks re going home linda
looked bertha wouldn notice strange tall fourteen girl strange peanuts chewing gum strange person high school thing fact human bertha smell nose tell things hound dogs smell hound dog beagle track give dog person worn hound dog sniffs trail person left hound dogs amazing trackers hound dog nose compared bertha let say tried sneak bertha studying ten meters say hi exactly standing things sense smell give idea bertha sense smell happened summers ago bunch friends party playing pin tail donkey play game put picture donkey tail
high fence stretched reef oil refinery signs fence warned fence stretched bertha bertha sitting bonnie front seat car moved narrow road driving hour finally road turned large gate bonnie drove gate stopped guard approached car bertha noticed guard wearing gun bonnie replied re re investigate report water guard moment check main office guard walked building gate bertha wow place prison bonnie wait twenty minutes let bertha watched guard talked phone nodded times bertha couldn hear knew angry angry gave smell easy bertha recognize guard walked car smiled stay main road building daniels meet bertha knew guard angry bonnie drove slowly past high fence road road group tiny specks
bertha wanted tell adventure tina swimming judy wasn bertha mother house making phone calls bertha bonnie house windows open bertha bonnie talking phone chief didn force office call daniels crook lie chief didn say big ted bonnie hung phone walked shaking head daniels called office told lot lies bonnie chief believes chief told complaint turn investigation investigator idea bertha don chief bonnie thing re investigator trouble explaining re going bertha bertha looked sky white fluffy clouds bright hurt eyes birds moved sky landing huge tree block smells summer heavy mowed lawn block grass lot clover bertha suddenly boy began dance
story learned fire fire likes move picture shows hold burning branch don want burned picture shows child held branch story happened child held branch remember fact fire fire likes move heat moves important fact later story left inside cave smiling going fire going holding burning branch children picks stick burning imitates child girl holding burning branch waves head child laughs waves stick head shakes branch child imitates smiles points stick child stick child points stick stick ends touch child pulls stick end fire moment stares stick wide eyes smiles cave smiles laughs pick sticks branches inside cave hold end fire laughs runs burning sticks branches sticks burn burned
dogs look big small hair short hair horses live today bigger smaller big heavy legs thin legs horses alive today look horses lived thousand ago types horses alive today hundred picture shows types horses horse big strong horse called draft horse draft horse run fast horses horse pulling heavy things draft horse weigh children grade classroom think horse weighs graders horse racehorse racehorses small draft horses racehorses fast race racehorse runs faster kind horse compare legs racehorse legs draft horse look hooves bones hooves big racehorse weigh half big draft horse racehorse big think big racehorse weighs half grade class racehorse meters tall head horse quarter horse compare quarter horse racehorse horse longer surprise
picture shows horse horse lived million ago horse named standing horse today picture box shows front leg front leg horse lives today ways front leg front leg horse lives today stand hoof stood toes questions look horse today horse member dog family member horse family found skeletons horses lived ago put horse lives today large change put horse lived million large change small change look picture shows skeleton skeleton horse lived million ago change place skeletons lined horse changed millions look picture member dog family changed horse today
laughing andrew tried think thought kicking ball andrew dropped ball kicked hard foot crack sound foot hitting ball loud sounded gunshot crack crack crack echoed stands ball straight moved fast players didn leave andrew foot small speck hundreds meters overhead looked hard ball rack rack sound echoing stands silence hear slight breeze flapping flag end playing field sound bird stands distance sound bus car horns sound denny sound football players coaches word stood staring straight sky stood stood watched waited finally ball bigger bigger coming fast didn land field landed stands blam ball bounced twenty meters bounced finally rolled stop
newspapers filled stories andrew called handy andy titans andrew busy practices talk reporters left practice field group fans wanted sign books andrew didn daydream anymore daydream didn living worked hard members titans started hard started proud proud team andrew say players play awful team titans say wow play titans hottest team football players wanted show fans team wasn team wanted show football players field titans played players played coaches didn yell andrew hear denny say job frequently holler players run play job owned titans didn tell denny thinking firing asked things think chances winning championship
titans practiced hard week andrew kicked ball times game sunday hang times seconds shortest hang seconds longest hang seconds andrew carried ball ten times game scored touchdown tried legs move fast fast strength small horse power legs run faster alive tried speed knew tackled tried stay players team titans point minute titans ball fifty meters goal line decided try field goal andrew kicking ball crowd cheering wildly field goal titans win championship game professional football league missed titans lose game championship game andrew heart pounding reminding think kicking ball think watch ball head steps kick middle ball watch ball head ball put place
tom eric ran hill machine tom looked inside big white dog crouched handle dog tom teeth dog dirty skinny eric looked inside whispered tom handle bumps handle machine disappear home fat pushed past tom eric holding big stick let dog fat give beating remember tom grabbed arm don scare fat looked inside machine looked dials watched lights suddenly looked frightened seen thing machine softly tom heard fat tom held hand boy softly grrrrrr dog showed teeth tom turned fat food give dog tom asked want dog machine started run hill eric dog tom let talk tom stepped doorway eric inside moved dog slowly dog crouched lower lower eric moved
tom eric standing top hill looking viking ship ocean tom figured eric close viking ship moving slowly shore tom hear voices ship sang understand words song tom watched viking ship turned sea eric asked didn vikings america columbus tom vikings sailed america columbus suddenly dog turned started growl tom turned big dressed robe animal skins wore helmet horns side dog growled viking looked dog smiled su tom understand language viking pointed dog smiled su eric think trying tell likes dog viking touched tom shirt su pointed machine su eric think likes tom viking waved hand pointed ul wants eric tom eric dog viking grove trees walked hill side grove
tom eric robert running english soldiers ran kilometer tom stopped don re going turned dog knows tom bent dog machine tom tom gave dog push dog sniffed air started run stopped sniff animal tracks stopped eat snow started run straight line hills tom eric robert dog tom began think dog didn going robert thing ahead tom looked trees machine tom eric robert ran machine robert looked puzzled machine filled snow snow inside seat covered tom eric started dig snow pushed machine tom turned robert tom english soldiers find kill robert going fight english join washington army eric took robert coat handed need tom took coat give soldiers robert took coats put threw shoulder
leader hunters named mabel tough argued captain captain captain ship waiting kilometers toby mob captain sailor suit big pulling pants hunters sailors ship mabel ran large circus canada trip animals lots australia kangaroos koalas didn plan animals caught planned sell zoos circuses animals mabel saw mob bottom hill knew close animals sat tall grass captain whispered big dark kangaroo yeah captain loud voice quiet mabel whispered wake lookout ruin yeah captain whisper turned toby sleeping sleeping wasn listening mabel captain saying pretending asleep didn didn want slam foot ground afraid hunters shoot
ship docked canada night toby sleeping heard sound footsteps coming stairs hold toby rubbed eyes tried wake realized pip talking pip bet re going try sneak trucks police find illegal cargo ship toby completely awake sailors moved animals hold toby hear pip top deck scolding sailors careful feathers don recognize beauty sailors started stairs toby tripped fell sailors fell hold began yelling double bad toby started sneak stairs loud voice top stairs throw net kangaroo fools moment later net fell toby tried free couldn sailors hauled stairs dumped cart kangaroo ramp voice yelled yes ramp voice sailor started push cart ramp part net caught sailor foot sailor tripped fell forward fell forward let cart
noon workers led toby father cage small tent twenty inside tent waiting boxing kangaroos put show workers put boxing gloves kangaroos owner zoo stood kangaroos ladies gentlemen boxing kangaroos box champions fight knocks gloves powerful animals tails owner zoo things crowd kangaroos gloves crowd saw tails kangaroos hit plan toby father winked toby signal kangaroos swing front legs hard hit owner zoo kangaroos swung tails hard tails hit owner flying air quickly toby ran crowd listen listening clapping cheering act saw boxing kangaroos listen toby australia crooks owner place crook laughing clapping
carla edna pulled lifeboat beach sky starting clear distance heavy clouds waves ocean small edna carla heavy jungle tangle trees vines crowded beach jungle sounds birds animals beach looked strange edna strangest part color sand red beach covered red sand edna seen sand edna felt sick carla dragged boat beach turned liters salt water spilled ran ocean edna walked meters overturned lifeboat sat soft red sand beach sick sick carla lying beach edna rolled side closed eyes spinning beach rocking aloud eyes closed tried ignore terrible rocking spinning edna sat eyes wide night didn making noise carla asked edna turned carla voice dark edna suddenly edna looked carla direction saw moving jungle
carla edna tugging vines tangled carla leg vines thick sticky ropes wouldn let occasionally edna glanced looked happening clearing triceratops dinosaurs lined waiting tyrannosaurus giant tyrannosaurus prancing mouth wide open move triceratops dinosaurs let terrible shriek loud birds jungle flew free leg free run hand help run eye sure lost let run bit front push runs faster fast run faster let tripped log running look beach run beach edge water stop turn look re coming safe safe girls stood edge water minutes listening sounds jungle sounds told terrible fight going tyrannosaurus shriek thud minutes shriek tyrannosaurus turned cry falling sound
leonard tried asking things thought invent asked giving ideas leonard friends frank suggested inventing vacation lasted friend teddy wanted machine ice cream snow george wanted put teeth brush ann thought idea machine give ideas book reading book put head machine ideas head seconds rita wanted pair wings fly sarah wanted invisible freddie wanted bicycle didn pedal sit thing places ideas things wanted ideas dreams dreams problem grandmother esther told leonard told thinking giving idea inventor told yes dreams problem young dreams wishes dreams inventor line dreams clear grandmother esther continued think invented plane
space station wendy city tokyo largest city japan space station twenty kilometers tokyo wendy stood front large window looked beautiful city traveled jet canada japan landed airport tokyo students going trip jupiter wendy flight newspaper reporters met students airport tokyo questioned students felt selected trip wendy important thing happened airport wendy students boarded special bus took tokyo bus traveled narrow road led mountains space station mountains wendy looked window wondered need trip letter told selected list things list named things toothbrush clothing part letter underlined baggage weigh kilograms wendy camera books paper pencils didn room hair dryer things wanted fact packed room filled things wanted leave
traveler approached io engines force engines didn sound sounded earth air io wendy didn hear roaring sounds engines felt engines buzzing making inside space ship tremble traveler floated slowly surface moon towers landed passengers clapped cheered wendy wait leave ship flight attendant helped passengers space suits attendant checked sure zipped suit air leak flight attendant announced suits feel heavy pilot turned gravity device gravity device turned wendy felt lighter earth flight attendant talked passengers radio helmets directly space station inside receive information io receive map places visit io pick baggage inside space station attendant continued re going let air space ship feel dizzy seconds walk slowly space station wendy waited passengers air let traveler doors opened passengers walked
wendy clara students stayed io days scientists studying rocks io land vehicle took hundred kilometers space station place big volcanos bigger soup pot big volcanos erupting girls students took pictures things saw wendy took hundred pictures took pictures telescope attached camera end telescope took pictures eye jupiter took pictures parts huge planet took picture small moon looked touching surface jupiter days pass quickly earth wendy felt happy sad looking forward getting telling friends family things saw wait pictures show hear friends say saw pictures imagined eyes big say things wow incredible traveler leave earth wendy clara soup pot felt strange walking path rim volcano
maria walked middle stage ladies gentlemen dogs don cats cats don squirrels squirrels don birds re going love act involves dogs cats squirrels birds animals form upside pyramid welcome animals watch audience welcomed animals clapping loudly animals stage faced audience large dog walked stood middle stage smaller dogs walked took places side huge dog cats side stage squirrels audience laughed squirrels took places tails held high air animals stage birds sixteen pigeons animals lined facing audience waldo gave signal bowed animals legs bowed lifting front paw bending forward birds crossed legs bent forward audience laughed shouted waldo gave signal smaller dogs jumped huge dog waldo signaled cats took place audience pointing laughing talking
inside trailer cats standing dogs dogs started howl cat digging dog claws dog place cats place pyramid truck stopping fast fact stopping fast animals fell slower slower slower truck curve moving stop middle curve driver jumped truck opened door trailer ran emergency brake turned screw brake locked place waldo driver pyramid standing animals panting spotted dog looked unhappy cats dog hanging claws move waldo asked yeah driver brake locked cars stopping trailer police cars starting gather trailer okay waldo animals cats jumped smaller dogs smaller dogs jumped huge dog waldo hugged huge dog saved lives hugged dogs petted cats thanked animal animals started calm
ten minutes dive began group divers reached bottom valley reefs bottom forty meters surface pressure times land mask pressed face pressure ears ring mouth dry trouble swallowing things looked plants divers things bright looked sun shining surface water looked light gray circle divers swimming twilight slow stream dark gray bubbles diver sister stayed close tried stay close divers moved valley saw school fish tiny silver fish large arrow shaped fish pointed fish sister sounded read dangerous dangerous sharks killer whales swim large schools grow length meters mouth filled sharp teeth known attack swimmers kill sister swam swiftly water moving straight line
looking forward monday morning al teacher class today going test science kids al didn say homer asked going flunk test teacher don correct answers fail test homer turned al hear re going flunk test kids laughed al yeah answers stop teacher homer don going al don want kind talk classroom al job science past weeks fact don student kids laughed homer looked teacher passed test forty questions test body al knew answer single question wrote answers read test sure mistakes took paper teacher desk walked past homer desk noticed homer working fifteenth question homer erasing written teacher looked al asked finish test al responded nodding head yes desk took book human body started read
standing quietly couple minutes al leave place interesting let correct examine carefully angela laughed thing wind snow snow repeated closer look snow al seen lot snow fact shoveled lot frowned close look snowflake al looked angela shrugged turned flashlight directed beam swirling mass snow blowing wind observe suddenly snowflakes beam light started grow al watched grew size large basketball snowflake beautiful flat looked fancy wheel spokes center spoke covered fancy decorations spoke looked looking ordinary snowflake think attractive beautiful angela exclaimed look millions millions snowflakes look think fact snowflakes looks snowflake
al early christmas morning gave presents mother angela mother happy toaster started cry angela liked wallet didn money put liked al mother gave al book don money couldn expensive noticed reading lot books lately book hope books al seen trip library animals africa thanks mama al terrific present opened presents al mother fixed big breakfast wheat cakes al ate stand full angela mother think walk breakfast dressed beautiful buildings covered fresh snow shine bright sunlight looked clean white let al pointed direction store soon walking street street angela don walk street al mother street street called street sure angela
jill father began talk moving place past lived places canada texas colorado north dakota kansas jill friends began place father announce job place jill brother pack wave goodbye friends jill looked father smiling love place jill brother tom don want don care don say father hard leave prepare real adventure jill lived adventures rest unhappy father ranger father troubleshooter game preserves knew smart couldn ordinary jobs stay place jill father continued re going nearly halfway re going kenya country africa kenya tom making sour face want kenya jill father looked surprised slowly think happy jill replied stay kansas
night lit large lanterns shadows cave dark sounds animals strange poachers sitting blankets jill tom bad wrong al won worry ranger snooping jill watched waited continued talk slowly talked sleeping fall asleep things quiet suddenly flamingos started fuss jill looked cages moving tunnel large room looked lion roger sneaking wall don wake jill glanced poachers don wake roger snuck past sleeping animals excited making noise rolled didn wake jill held breath watched roger approached cage held jill tom began wag tail reached cage jumped started pant jill reached bars petted roger head roger softly quickly moved
dorothy surprised walked pretty country neat fences sides road painted blue color fields grain vegetables apparently munchkins farmers knew raise large crops pass house look bow low knew destroyed wicked witch set free bondage houses munchkins odd looking round big dome roof painted blue country east blue favorite color evening dorothy tired walk began wonder pass night house larger rest women dancing green lawn front house fiddlers played loudly laughing singing big table nearby loaded delicious fruits nuts pies cakes things eat greeted dorothy kindly invited dinner asked spend night home belonged richest munchkins land friends gathered celebrate freedom bondage wicked witch dorothy ate hearty supper waited rich munchkin
wicked witch golden cap cupboard cap studded diamonds rubies special power owned cap call winged monkeys obey order person command strange creatures times wicked witch cap winkies slaves ruler country winged monkeys helped fought oz driven land west winged monkeys helped witch golden cap tried powers fierce wolves wild crows stinging bees failed slaves scared cowardly lion knew cap left destroy dorothy friends wicked witch took golden cap cupboard head stood left foot slowly pe pep pe pe stood foot lo hol lo lo stood feet cried loud voice charm began sky darkened low rumbling sound air
dorothy sat listened wizard told tale born kansas grew ventriloquist trained master imitate kind bird beast meow cat sound real birds frightened tired ventriloquism balloonist balloonist works circus goes balloon circus calls circus balloon ropes twisted couldn balloon clouds current air struck carried miles night traveled air morning awoke found balloon floating strange beautiful country balloon gradually hurt bit found strange saw clouds thought wizard course let think wizard afraid promised wanted amuse busy ordered build city palace willingly
land rich happy field field grain paved roads running fences houses bridges painted bright red painted yellow land winkies blue land munchkins short dressed red red looked bright green grass yellow grain monkeys set dorothy farmhouse travelers walked knocked door opened farmer wife dorothy asked eat woman gave dorothy lion dinner fruits nuts bowl milk toto glinda castle asked dorothy answered farmer wife road south soon reach thanked woman started walking fields pretty red bridges saw beautiful red castle front young girls front gates dressed handsome red uniforms trimmed gold braid dorothy approached south country witch rules answered tell ask glinda girl
dick whittington born small town london young boy father mother died young knew took care dressed rags strolled country orphan met strange going london streets london paved gold idea gold streets pleased young dick decided london dick saw streets covered dirt gold observed brought london quickly disappeared dick found strange place friend food money poor boy cold hungry began beg successful rich trading merchant stopped don living begging love dick fell knees plead merchant let poor country boy london dick tried weak fell merchant felt sorry dick carried house merchant mister warren ordered servants give dick meat drink
seat small riverboat ripples move boat mirror surface water forget moment hundred miles direction tall pines spruces trees shore lake huge ten standing side side hide reach stand directly look dizzy grand magnificent mind dazzled row riverboat glassy lake row hands raw pulling oars nights miserable swarms mosquitos biting insects attack party soon sun sets north end lake river starts moment re delighted delight quickly anxiety start river lake high mountains gold fields place called yukon valley river flows north west gold fields named yukon river river flows lake valley roars steep passes snake mountains
story read takes place california learn facts california passage northern border california hundred miles southern border length california north south distance chicago york alaska largest united states california large combined states york pennsylvania jersey combined states large california california large weather parts weather northern part california mild pleasant weather southern part california dry hot early movie makers moved southern california weather dry sunny easy movies outdoors california large impressive scenery chain mountains runs north south mountains impressive alaska northern canada large compared mountains main part united states largest mountain main part united states chain mountains mount whitney rises feet sea level top mountain miles sea level
evening times ago wife sat bench cottage door enjoying calm beautiful sunset eaten supper intended spend quiet hour bedtime talked garden cow bees grapevine rude shouts children fierce barking dogs nearby village grew louder louder hear speak ah wife cried fear poor traveler seeking hospitality village giving food shelter village set dogs wish village felt kindness fellow human beings bring children evil pat head fling stones strangers children shaking white head tell truth wife surprised terrible thing happen village mend ways continued crust bread let ready give half poor homeless stranger need husband
wife turned valley sunset seen meadows houses gardens clumps trees wide street children astonishment longer village fertile valley ceased exist place saw broad blue surface lake filled valley brim brim lake reflected surrounding hills waters instant lake remained perfectly smooth breeze sprang caused water dance glitter sparkle early morning sun lake strangely familiar greatly puzzled felt dreaming village moment remembered dwellings faces inhabitants dream village yesterday alas cried kindhearted poor neighbors villagers exist longer women older traveler grand deep voice roll thunder echo distance quicksilver mischievous smile foolish changed fish small change coldest blooded human beings earth older traveler continued kind shown hospitality kindness
horse fly gallop smoothly beauty father felt frightened merchant tried persuade beauty listen talking night fell surprise wonderful colored lights began shine directions splendid fireworks blazed forest lit air felt pleasantly warm bitterly cold fireworks lasted beauty father reached row orange trees statues holding flaming torches arrived palace saw lit roof ground music sounded softly courtyard beast hungry beauty trying laugh makes rejoicing arrival prey spite anxiety beauty help admiring wonderful things saw horse stopped front castle horse merchant led beauty room found splendid fire burning delicious supper spread table merchant knew supper meant beauty willing eat ride hungry finished meal heard beast approaching beauty clung father terror greater saw frightened
miles hendon bridge asking questions youths ruffian able track past bridge crowded part london lost track night miles tired hungry discouraged supper inn began think find edward figured boy able escape claimed father boy wouldn return london bridge miles recalled told edward home hendon hall figured edward try reach hendon hall resolved hendon hall wait start journey immediately ask questions learn boy miles started journey edward charred deserted barn youth miles room led edward bridge john actually joined edward youth stayed steps wearing disguise left arm sling wore green patch left eye walked limp oak stick support leaving bridge boys crooked course crowded part town past inn miles later eat
king wandering band vagrants thieves ridiculed teased entire troop truly disliked john hugo hugo cruel edward getting caught send flying ground discovered trying boy hugo accidentally step edward foot accidents edward hit hugo stout stick sprawling delight members troop hugo sprang feet grabbed large stick immediately ring formed hugo edward onlookers started predict win fight hugo match edward trained sword weapon battle graceful ease edward blocked rain blows hugo tried deliver hugo left edward opening edward delivered lightning fast rap storm cheers laughter end fifteen minutes bruised hugo tossed stick pushed ring head troop lifted unmarked king shoulders carried place honor edward grabbed opportunity escape troop
guard miles arrest ordered miles follow marched guards search guard commanded began search miles found paper showed miles prison pretending miles hendon miles shook head hang moment later messenger palace whispered guard guard immediately ordered guards leave miles bowed miles follow inside sir miles couldn figure guard suddenly polite guard gates lawn steps palace inside miles passed splendidly dressed women hear laughing costume wore guard delivered miles guard dressed bright uniform guard took miles broad stairway past groups richly dressed huge crowded room guard bowed left miles standing middle room miles hendon completely confused front throne england throne sat young king face turned talked lord moments king turned head miles saw clearly king seen miles
friday night november homer overheard mother talking telephone aunt agnes centerburg stop car half hour meeting tonight night ladies club meeting discuss plans box social knit sew red cross think uncle ulysses company aunt agnes meeting homer homer combed hair mother looked knitting instructions size needles started town homer uncle ulysses aunt agnes coming lunchroom centerburg courthouse town square uncle ulysses advanced ideas weakness labor saving devices equipped lunchroom automatic toasters automatic coffee maker automatic dish washer automatic doughnut maker latest thing labor saving devices aunt agnes throw hands sigh uncle ulysses bought labor saving device unkindly disposed days days opinion uncle ulysses spare barber shop sheriff boys labor saving device gave homer mother centerburg stopped lunchroom aunt agnes boy grow homer mother car
iliad odyssey oldest stories stories tell greek heroes lived thousand ago stories fictional tell real places main characters lived story told iliad odyssey begins war greece walled city troy war lasted ten war ended greek army tricked army troy pretending leave giving trojans huge wooden horse horse actually contained soldiers snuck horse opened gates city greek army city conquered greek army soldiers parts greece part greece king important kings odysseus ruled island ithaca west coast greece odysseus heroes trojan war thought trick horse iliad book tells trojan war characters heroes book odyssey begins trojan war tells odysseus journey ithaca dangers encounters journey unlike iliad odyssey main character odysseus title book
night athena odysseus palace telemachus lying awake athena disguised servant told telemachus wanted leave farm telemachus happy chance leave palace promised morning telemachus leaving palace eagle swept sky flew large white goose feeding grass servants rushed shouting athena disguised telemachus explained meaning event strong eagle distant hill carried goose odysseus return home revenge suitors yes home sowing seeds doom suitors telemachus turned ask athena knew disappeared telemachus knew gods help family odysseus lit fire cook breakfast saw telemachus walking house dogs welcomed stranger leaped delight bowl making breakfast fell hands afraid suitors kill telemachus ran embraced young gladly father welcomes son country telemachus stepped house odysseus arose seat telemachus told beggar sit
warfield rushed bedroom stared remains farm fire escape fire escape face flushed eyes bulging unbelievable mrs dunn weeds supposed onions warfield onion onion beneath dirt hope tis pointing supposed potatoes fear soil deep incredible don geraniums mrs dunn thought liked grow geraniums look window street windowsills growing geraniums idea warfield mrs dunn brighten house fetch seed tomorrow didn mean mrs dunn look firetrap chicken visiting neighbors mrs dunn relief thought tenants insane tis think sane bit freshest vegetables city york freshest eggs chickens apartment health hazard remove sell farmer butcher shan stay unreasonable reasonable mrs dunn say reasonable ask reasonable say reasonable
story move hades dominions observe demeter daughter kidnapped remember glimpse half hidden waving grain persephone swiftly whirling hades chariot remember loud scream persephone gave chariot sight girl outcries shriek reached demeter ears mistaken rumbling chariot wheels peal thunder imagined shower coming assist making corn grow sound persephone shriek started looked direction knowing shriek feeling daughter voice demeter unlikely girl strayed lands seas demeter tried believe child parent persephone troubled decided home assure persephone safe demeter quickly left field working half grain looked needed sun rain wrong roots demeter chariot swift hour door home found empty
miss lived london home large dull tall large dull square houses alike sparrows alike door heavy sound days door echo square miss door brass plate words written sara brought miss boarding school father captain brought india mother died baby father sara hot indian climate bad sara health brought england part miss boarding school sara captain relative obliged place boarding school sara pretty child thin weird interesting face short black hair large green gray eyes heavy black lashes sara father school miss took office sara beautiful promising girl captain favorite pupil miss tall large cold fishy eyes large cold hands fishy damp touched sara forehead chills ran sara miss repeated yes favorite pupil favorite pupil
matilda pretty charming woman poor fortune expectations getting fortune married clerk worked government matilda suffered endlessly suffered poverty apartment wretched look walls worn chair ugliness curtains things tortured angry sat dinner looked worn tablecloth tried imagine shining silverware golden plates mind taste pink flesh trout delicate wings quail contrast husband satisfied annoyed matilda looking soup bowl saying ah stew matilda dresses jewels things loved matilda friend mrs forester rich matilda mrs forester suffered drab apartment evening matilda husband returned home triumphant look face holding large envelope hand matilda tore envelope open pulled printed card card governor requests honor mrs company grand ball monday evening january
fair opened grandstand crowded stood halfway track contestants assistants started string miss terwilliger pink dress sheriff uncle telly suits caused favorable comment ladies present interested string homer mother tell dress suit miss terwilliger sheriff uncle telly hot tired times track assistants judge regular county fair employees roll balls contestants rode track alongside sheriff car afternoon miss terwilliger ball measured sheriff measured uncle telly uncle telly sheriff uneasy end sheriff miss terwilliger uncle telly uncle telly felt sheriff measurements end fair uncle telly sheriff running miss terwilliger contestant ball string unrolled track ninety times uncle telly sheriff feeling pretty confident sure winning title champion string saver hand clever miss terwilliger contest center county hand early
joe heard creaking noise night saw hoisting huge mainsail bill nick untied dock soon caught breeze headed bay pulling lifeboat skiff joe heard talking low tones heard say turning lights keeping sharp lookout didn waterfront lights oakland began slip gentle north wind blowing sloop south sailed noiselessly water going joe asked nick friendly tone re going cargo bill factory nick replied bill laughed nick private joke joe didn think bill looked factory owner joe cabin blow cabin lamp turned began move shore silent occasional questions answers passed bill pete finally sails lowered cautiously pete whispered frisco kid forward dropped anchor nick pulled lifeboat skiff alongside sloop bill nick skiff bill sure quiet frisco kid motioned joe lifeboat row frisco kid asked joe nodded head yes oars frisco kid continued don racket
moses led small road thick woods walked carefully trees stick cracked sounded slave catchers hot trail terrified moses stepped road marched straight farmhouse moses knocked farmhouse door white woman opened door instantly stepped let wanted look closely embarrassed glanced quickly henry rickety ladder attic word person ladder harriet carrying basket food lantern white woman upstairs moses smiled passed food welcome underground railroad ate moses explained underground railroad south approve slavery helped runaway slaves reach freedom north hide slaves homes slaves building night night night night travel reached free pennsylvania law help runaway slaves location hiding place secret runaway needed guide find hiding place night guides slaves guides called conductors trail hiding places called underground railroad
incident joe didn harriet frequently saw married wonderful young woman named elizabeth harriet attended wedding led songs reception disappeared week passed didn hear adventures north south getting ready war knew harriet busy south telling slaves soon free master rule happened south attacked government fort south carolina president abraham lincoln declared war south civil war begun longer slave catchers northern cities hunt runaways elizabeth moved united states opened cabinet shop syracuse york proud accomplishment planned shop shortly shop opened friends canada visited wanted join army north pleaded argued shouted pleaded reminded working slave beatings resisted late evening beginning weaken looked elizabeth sitting window shop
turned couple assure real ghost frighten moved closer fireplace choice mister morales glanced lived twenty seen ghost mrs morales sat staring hard fire pale eyes wide open yes broke lived twenty seen castle reckon things left re twenty swayed head slowly side side things half suspected couple trying increase terrors castle took care looked room caught glimpse strange mirror end room tonight wiser business open mind choice mister morales want tea mister morales poured cup shadow flickered wall mocked action poured drank began feel uncomfortable anxious begin task thank show haunted room comfortable
crack dawn sunday morning huck groping hill rapped gently welshman door residents asleep light sleep account excitement night call window huck scared voice answered low tone let huck finn open door night lad welcome strange words boy ears heard door quickly unlocked entered huck seat sons speedily dressed boy hope re hungry breakfast ready soon sun piping hot boys hoped turn stop night awful scared huck ran took pistols didn stop miles wanted daylight didn want run devils dead poor chap welshman answered look hard night bed breakfast dead lad knew put hands thanks
tuesday afternoon village saint petersburg mourned lost children found public prayers offered private prayers news cave majority searchers search jobs saying plain children found mrs thatcher ill insane grief heartbreaking hear call child raise head listen minute lay head wearily moan aunt polly dropped melancholy gray hair grown white village bed tuesday night sad forlorn middle night wild peal burst village bells moment streets swarming frantic half clad shouted re found re found tin pans horns added noise moved river met children coming open carriage drawn shouting citizens thronged carriage joined homeward march swept magnificently main street roaring hurrah hurrah village lit bed greatest night town seen half hour dozens villagers filed judge thatcher house seized children kissed squeezed mrs thatcher hand tried speak couldn drifted raining tears place
tom huck fortune mighty stir poor village saint petersburg vast sum actual cash incredible talked gloated glorified haunted house village neighboring villages plank plank foundations dug searched hidden treasure boys tom huck appeared courted admired stared boys remember remarks impact sayings treasured repeated remarkable evidently lost power common things village paper published biographical sketches boys widow douglas put huck money bank aunt polly tom lad income simply amazing dollar minister dollar quarter week board lodge school boy simple days clothe wash matter judge thatcher high opinion tom common boy daughter cave becky told father tom punishment school judge visibly moved becky straight told tom judge thatcher hoped tom lawyer someday tom admitted law school country
pest ramona quimby told big sister beezus stop acting pest beezus real beatrice standing front window waiting friend mary jane walk school acting pest singing skipping ramona recently learned skip feet ramona think pest matter thought pest called pest bigger unfair ramona singing skipping sang ramona feeling grown dress play clothes greatest longer sit tricycle watching beezus henry huggins rest boys girls neighborhood school today going school today going learn read write things help catch beezus mama urged ramona pausing singing skipping don want late school don pester ramona mrs quimby plenty pestering protested ramona meant pester slowpoke grownup girl wait
miss don ramona book tell wanted howie raising hand murmured agreement class wondering mike mulligan bathroom maybe stopped steam shovel climbed hole digging service station suggested boy named eric couldn book says fast howie pointed say stopped miss faced twenty earnest members kindergarten wanted mike mulligan bathroom boys girls began spoke clear distinct reason book tell mike mulligan bathroom important part story story digging basement town hall book tells miss spoke explanation ended matter kindergarten convinced ramona knew rest class knew knowing bathroom important surprised miss understand showed bathroom thing ramona things going learn school rest class stared reproachfully miss
ramona looked forward things loose tooth riding bicycle tricycle wearing lipstick mother looked forward show tell ramona watched sister beezus leave school doll book pretty leaf share class watched beezus friend henry huggins carry mysterious lumpy packages past house school listened beezus talk interesting things class brought school turtles ballpoint pens wrote colors live clam jar sand seawater ramona show tell going show class asked beezus hoping idea beezus explain grade begin outgrow show tell grade unusual pickled appendix social studies piece fur study fur traders exciting happened house burning tell grade don doll toy fire engine school don call show tell let teacher interesting ramona discouraged
opposite curb henry tried execute military face tripped ramona doggone ramona angrily don cut going report reports scoffed older boy going report ramona cut henry obviously henry felt bad luck guard intersection ramona crossed street crossing street grownup getting attention henry ramona felt start howie approached kindergarten building saw wrong door kindergarten open playing jungle gym running playground waiting line door boys girls huddled groups frightened mice looked worried appeared acting brave run open door peer inside running groups report matter asked ramona miss whispered susan lady substitute eric miss susan wrong miss kindergarten kindergarten miss ramona ran door susan miss woman busy miss desk taller older
footsteps running ball hey exclaimed boy voice kid hiding ramona eyes flew open fiercely strange boy peering cans hiding asked boy ordered ramona hey huggins yelled boy kid lives moment henry peering trash cans ramona demanded re supposed kindergarten mind business ramona naturally boys peered trash cans practically school join interesting asked hiding teacher midst excitement ramona felt discomfort find sister beatrice find beezus ramona geraldine quimby minute won ramona knew stay longer ramona wait mother hears stormed beezus re going catch ramona knew beezus catching mother worrying moment comes yard teacher ramona admit defeat hands knees feet faced crowd trash lids yard teacher investigate commotion
try boots mrs quimby nonsense voice ramona walked shoe store shoes moment ramona sat floor grasped hated boots considered pretending knew trick shoe store understood children shoes pulled yanked tugged managed foot stood tiptoe inside boot mother tugged shoe boot mrs quimby ramona sighed babyish nursery school girl stopped rocking announce boots tell petunia shoe boys girls kindergarten twenty ramona face twenty boots happy booted nursery school baby climbed rocking horse collected free balloon left mother shoe spoke mrs quimby kindergarten teachers boots fit loosely children manage doubt petunia teacher help fifty boots thought mrs quimby look boots bet petunia red boots shoe ramona beamed added hunch smile
class started seat ramona teacher precious bloody tooth asked ramona wanted sure lose tooth needed bait catch tooth fairy planned pile lot things sauce pans pie tins broken toys bed tooth fairy trip wake miss smiled opened drawer desk tooth course safe home tooth fairy re brave girl ramona loved miss understanding loved miss cross late school loved miss telling brave girl ramona happy morning quickly seat unusually interesting kindergarten sheets pictures row printed purple ink ditto machine row showed top girl toe kindergarten supposed circle top toe began cross girl girl began sound ramona dearly loved circle cross sorry recess want tooth ramona asked eric class finished playground opened mouth pulled lower lip
ramona matter mrs quimby wanted ramona opened door ramona trouble hiding gap teeth feel smiling tooth leave tooth fairy small part trouble mrs quimby laid hand ramona forehead feeling asked yes feel answered ramona meaning broken leg skinned knee sore throat wrong insisted mrs quimby tell face ramona sighed miss anymore confessed course miss likes mrs quimby things likes contradicted ramona want anymore ramona felt sad thinking recesses seat going miss mean mrs quimby puzzled course miss wants insisted ramona told ramona answer mrs quimby exasperated happened thing school find eat lunch school afternoon kindergarten starts ramona picked sandwich awhile mrs quimby briskly put sweater ramona
terrible begun breakfast howie recovered cold stopped ramona school ramona watched children neighborhood school street quiet turned television set mother turned saying girls don school watch television ramona felt mother understand wanted school wanted school teacher ramona crayons paper put settled draw drew bird cat ball row red crayon crossed cat begin sound bird ball afterward covered sheet paper ramona style ears whiskers ramona mother feel sorry ramona merely sweater ramona drive shopping center ramona wished dime tooth fairy spend boring morning ramona entire trailed mother shopping center mrs quimby bought socks beezus buttons thread pillowcases sale electric cord waffle iron package paper ramona draw pattern
friend companion character personality ring tailed wonder weighed pound discovered furry ball utter dependence awakening curiosity defenseless immediately protective fought boy dog town sought harm exceptionally intelligent responsible watchdog guarding house lawns gardens pets vast size hundred seventy pounds muscled grace elegance seldom resort violence shake dog block terrier shakes rat started fight challenged badgered insulted eventually turn worried face sad eyes tormentor sorrow anger grab intruder scruff neck toss gutter affectionate perpetually hungry saint bernard dogs breed drooled house lie muzzle bath towel eyes downcast slight disgrace pat delaney lived couple blocks street saint bernards reasons explained alps noble dogs set winter kegs brandy strapped beneath chins rescue wayfarers lost snowdrifts
psychologist say substituted pets family human family course interesting educated affectionate mother dead father business trips brother herschel fighting france sisters theo jessica living adult lives sisters tender care mother died jessica postponing career marriage theo happily wed young paper mill owner northern minnesota jessica talented linguist poet taking postgraduate university chicago occupant ten room house eleven boy working canoe living room thinking thoughts problem puzzled theological asked god knowing powerful merciful allow suffering gifted gentle mother forty asked questions reverend hooton methodist minister church parsonage adjoined property answers satisfying unfair lived pets raising rascal especially imagine pleasure biologist mother interested studying closely habits animals helped solve difficult problems presented
living room created disorder began ribs starting number sandpaper finishing double fine wood smoothed satin surface creamy yellow pleasant touch sanding ribs rascal clambering unfinished canoe stutz bearcat curved gravel drive stepped beautiful sister theodora maud maud tennyson course maids theo determined look patrician face light eyes mass auburn hair theo theo shouted happily running embrace hello sonny boy re covered sawdust theo building canoe nice living room dropping eyes merciful heavens theo help jennie luggage put downstairs bedroom didn dare tell theo sleeping room rascal slept loved sister slightly awe kind mother died kind later stricken infantile paralysis martinet concerning dress housekeeping training jump jack box older person lady entered room
camp brule twenty miles courtroom court session father leave shortly breakfast taking packet notes documents return afternoon interest legal affairs father tranquil concerning safety knew scarcely lost stayed river branches rascal swim fell deeper pools recent showers lessened danger forest fires seen sign bears footprints stream trees scratched rubbed bear length ground despite war europe safe days left house unlocked brailsford junction seldom took key car trusted fellow human beings creatures woods weeks absolute freedom hour savored rascal found opening forest sunny hillside festooned blueberries nearly large dark grapes leaves lacquered deep red hurried camp bucket returned pick quarts delicious fruit ate put pail rascal record ate blueberry picked afternoon busy exploring find fish
curved drive edgar allan poe swooping methodist belfry shouting fun fun thought totally deserted bouncing barn leaped put paws shoulders knocked flat grass lovingly washed face big tongue rascal crow soon fighting stopped licking put end wonderful homecoming sweet corn longer issue dry husk promise honor bound couldn postpone indefinitely collar leash building cage granted face problems problems money earned saved buy liberty bond supply ready cash low counted quarters dimes nickels pennies earthenware decided bought leash collar lumber chicken wire cage set months purchasing canvas cover canoe meant canoe stay living room winter boys knew granted allowance think asking father loan felt fortunate permitted money earned mowing lawns selling garden produce
things plan cage carefully convince rascal pleasure live home observing closely days discover part yard enjoyed doubt preference area twelve feet square extended base oak tree hole side barn included smooth expanse grass white clover bait pool running water constant supply minnows let rascal slowly acquainted collar leash invited help constructing cage wire fours arrived laid square dug holes posts sank inch trench side bottom edge wire rascal enjoyed activity understanding true meaning reached excavation crawled central tunnel rolls chicken wire fished bait pool merely sleep grass father postcard montana saying return ten days weeks fortunately ran charge account meat market groceries raise money staples hinges dig sell bushels potatoes
extractor operation moment liquid honey bottom drum fill mason jars ran slowly low temperature golden stream filled jar waited net result tens thousands journeys bees bringing nectar clover fields countryside rascal honey aunt handing clean spoon rascal shared spoon course occasion didn share honey rascal found favorite delicacy sweet corn aunt laugh laughing wipe eyes corner apron wildly excited raccoon found dripping honey faucet upside drop left drum sterling charming animal put arm watched suddenly overwhelming desire tell meant think knew words looked laughing smiling tenderly took mason jars honey leading reluctant raccoon headed farmhouse bright frosty morning false armistice twelfth birthday fell date aunt answered rings party line meant general message phones
conductor helped steps father took suitcase packages wearing wide brimmed velvet hat looked fashionable coat fur collar high laced shoes hem dress recently sold groups poems short story affluent merry christmas jessica welcome home cried kissed held looked critically outgrown sterling catch death cold wearing cap wears cap father explained obviously clean combed stubborn curls semblance order jessica wasn altogether disapproving homeward iron cold air bright sunlight fulton street past stores turned past carnegie public library methodist church left rollin street laughing chattering asking hundred questions manner families gathering christmas extra gay cover underlying sadness mother gracious double door greet herschel france alive repeating theo kind husband norman spending christmas home north closely knit family dwindling dispersing families eventually bring cheer house
success canoe happy season progressed reverend thurman shotgun loaded waiting raid henhouse dismaying theo jessica finally won point acquiring full housekeeper wanted mrs quinn qualified respect middle aged ugly cranky clean nonsense examined house minutely ran finger furniture show dust demanded bedroom decide position mrs quinn added let couple weeks sadly apparent father match housekeeper allowed blessed weeks maneuver decided build line defense presently unoccupied bedroom floor virtually impregnable fitted strong lock door pocketed key explained father bed clean room let mrs quinn care rest place suited expressed firmly pets house thought circumvent unreasonable ruling preparing entrance quarters opening large airy bedroom small study rear house
fence curling flower spaces hitting coming flag fence luster hunting grass flower tree took flag hitting put flag table hit hit fence luster flower tree fence stopped stopped looked fence luster hunting grass caddie hit pasture held fence watched going listen luster aint thirty going town buy cake hush moaning aint going help find quarter show tonight hitting pasture fence flag flapped bright grass trees luster looked aint coming les branch find quarter niggers finds red flapping pasture bird slanting tilting luster threw flag flapped bright grass trees
want carry letter caddy carry took letter pocket put mine christmas present caddy uncle maury going surprise mrs patterson give letting hands pockets branch froze caddy look broke top water held piece face ice means cold helped hill tell mother father think think surprise mother father patterson patterson candy remember patterson candy summer fence vine dry wind rattled dont uncle maury didn send caddy wont tell mrs patterson looking window wait caddy wait minute give letter took letter pocket hands pockets climbed fence letter hand brown rattling flowers mrs patterson door opened stood patterson chopping green flowers stopped chopping looked
sign quentin house let play luster watch help paw finished eating took quentin house luster playing dirt put quentin played dirt luster spools quentin fought quentin spools luster cried gave luster tin play spools quentin fought cried hush aint shamed taking baby play pretty took spools gave quentin hush hush tell hush needs whipping needs took luster quentin barn milking cow sitting box matter fighting babies taking play things stay hush clean udder milked young cow dry winter milk dry aint going milk singing yonder dont mammy say
father yes sir quentin kind hit hear roof fire snuffling door going frog november father dont sir quentin hear jason father hear jason jason father stop hear roof fire jason stop father want whip father lifted jason chair jason snuffled hear fire roof jason snuffled louder father hear fire roof supper smelled rain smelled dog hear fire roof hear caddy walking fast father mother looked door caddy passed walking fast didn look walked fast mother caddy stopped walking yes mother hush caroline father mother hush caroline father let caddy door stood looking father mother eyes flew began cry loud caddy stood wall looking crying shrank wall saw eyes cried louder pulled dress
didn knew working nigger find wanted let lived fat land car town parker breakfast eating heard clock strike hour suppose takes hour lose longer history getting mechanical progression finished breakfast bought cigar girl fifty cent took lit street stood took couple puffs held hand corner passed jeweller window looked corner caught side shrill raucous blackbirds gave cigar nickel let cigar trying sell nickel clock high sun thought dont want thing body try trick sort unawares feel muscles neck hear watch ticking pocket sounds shut leaving watch pocket
country poor things saw auto lots honk horn wouldn look wouldn look father wouldn injure declare father simply auto sorry brought herbert enjoyed course carriage worth head interrupt insists call means promises satisfy consciences going treat baby girl herbert wont herbert spoiled death quentin write going jason bank jason finishes high school jason splendid banker children practical sense thank takes jason furnished flour kites porch sold nickel piece patterson boy jason treasurer nigger car hats unbleached flowing past window going harvard sold benjy lay ground window bellowing
ran fast looking road curved looked stood road small figure clasping loaf bread filthy dress eyes black ran lane turned road entered slowed fast walk lane premises unpainted houses gay startling colored garments lines barn broken backed decaying quietly rank orchard trees unpruned weed choked pink white murmurous sunlight bees looked entrance lane empty slowed shadow pacing dragging head weeds hid fence lane barred gate grass mere path scarred quietly grass climbed gate woodlot crossed wall shadow vines creepers home honeysuckle coming coming especially dusk rained getting honeysuckle mixed unbearable let kiss kiss didn let watching getting mad think red print hand coming face turning light hand eyes going bright kissing slapped
splash splash rushed hurling water moved yelled huddled bank slick heads row bright water sun slanted moss poor kid re girl flowers grew moss littler seen re girl poor kid path curving water water dark swift girl poor sister lay wet grass panting rain cold shot care lord sure mess rain touched forehead began smart hand red streaking pink rain hurt course reckon tried scratch eyes lord sure stink try wash branch town sister home school look late getting home wont looked black secret friendly gaze half naked loaf clutched breast wet thought jumped took handkerchief tried wipe loaf crust began stopped
nonsense mrs bland voice sort died stared moment girls drew breaths soft concerted sound fiddlesticks mrs bland briskly ignorant yankees quentin shreve sat small seats gerald cranked car started quentin tell foolishness mrs bland told shreve hunched furious seat sitting neck miss joke quentin fooled thought model youth trust daughter police showed hush mrs bland drove street crossed bridge passed house pink garment hung window reading note didn mackenzie says told intended room let sit waiting dont mackenzie left extra place asked re glad anyway mackenzie shreve arms folded glared straight ahead past gerald cap
jason likes says university advantages harvard teach swim night knowing swim dont teach water says send university maybe learn stop clock nose spray send ben navy says cavalry anyway geldings cavalry quentin home feed says guess north job job mother begun cry says objection satisfaction quit nurse let flour barrel full ben rent sideshow folks pay dime cried saying poor afflicted baby says yes help growth half times high says dead soon says grandchild grandparents say
soon home fixed told leprosy bible read flesh rotted told looked ben quentin catch thought fixed home found ben bellowing raising hell quiet mother slipper didn hear mother says couldn stand dam noise say stand lots things dont expect dam store dam dont think deserve peace quiet eat dinner says says quick jason flash knew sure slipper brought thought saw thought killing told mother bed things quieted put fear god nigger trouble nigger servants full importance re worth dam
yes says bascombs need charity certainly fallen woman struck match lit check put shovel envelope watched burn dont says thank god mother feels lots women says daughters says says gladly sins flesh blood quentin sake wasn chance hurting quentin say dont expect want eat sleep couple women squabbling crying house says feel let says concerned says owe father memory trying persuade let home herbert threw says dont understand says dont intend difficult place suffer children says bear lot unnecessary trouble says paper burned carried grate put shame burn money says
road rose scene painted backdrop notched cut red clay crowned oaks road appeared stop short cut ribbon weathered church lifted crazy steeple painted church scene flat perspective painted cardboard set ultimate edge flat earth windy sunlight space april midmorning filled bells church thronged slow sabbath deliberation women children stopped talked quiet groups bell ceased ringing entered church decorated sparse flowers kitchen gardens hedgerows streamers colored crepe paper pulpit hung battered christmas bell accordion sort collapses pulpit empty choir place fanning warm women gathered side room talking bell struck dispersed seats congregation sat instant expectant bell struck choir rose began sing congregation turned head small children girls tight pigtails bound small scraps cloth butterflies boys close napped heads entered marched aisle strung harness white ribbons flowers single file
closed door returned kitchen stove cold stood clock cupboard struck ten times oclock aloud jason aint comin home ise seed de en de looking cold stove seed de en de set cold food table moved sang hymn sang lines complete tune arranged meal door called luster luster ben entered ben moaning aint quit luster en eat jason aint comin dinner sat table ben manage solid food pretty cold food tied cloth neck luster ate moved kitchen singing lines hymn remembered kin en eat jason aint comin home twenty miles left house drove rapidly town slow sabbath groups peremptory bells broken air crossed empty square turned narrow street abruptly quieter stopped frame house flower bordered walk porch
hush luster hush shook ben arm ben clung fence wailing steadily hoarsely aint stop luster ben gazed fence den luster want somethin beller looked shoulder house whispered caddy beller caddy caddy caddy moment later slow intervals ben voice luster heard calling took ben arm crossed yard tole warn stay quiet luster aint nothin tole dem folks start playin git started hush benjy hush wouldn hush crossed yard quickly cabin entered run git dat shoe dont miss ef say tell kin sho dat reckon luster led ben bed drew held rocking wiping drooling mouth hem skirt hush stroking head hush bellowed slowly tears grave hopeless sound voiceless misery sun luster returned carrying white satin slipper yellow cracked soiled gave ben hand hushed
heather bird class feathers beak thought heather paint wings win race changed began snack morning robbie hard eating cookie front tooth loose wait fall wiggled paw lost teeth patty lost amy lose heather heather lose teeth don teeth teeth asked beak teeth heather present tooth fairy robbie started laughing knew big secret heather felt awful robbie began shouting tooth fell fuss put pillow tonight teacher tooth fairy leave present tooth fairy thought heather beak harold lost tooth freddy tooth loose brag hate bird thought heather don believe tooth fairy real fairy help grow tooth show tell heather brought toy bear harold turn cents show bring today heather asked teacher heather hid bear forgot started cry teacher tried cheer
frog garden toad walking fine garden frog yes frog nice hard wish garden toad flower seeds plant ground frog soon garden soon asked toad soon frog toad ran home planted flower seeds seeds toad start growing toad walked times seeds start grow toad put head close ground loudly seeds start growing toad looked ground seeds start grow toad put head close ground shouted seeds start growing frog running path noise asked seeds grow toad shouting frog poor seeds afraid grow seeds afraid grow asked toad course frog leave days let sun shine let rain fall soon seeds start grow night toad looked window drat toad seeds started grow afraid dark toad garden candles read seeds story toad afraid toad read story seeds toad sang songs seeds toad read poems seeds toad played music seeds
places school visit friends travel parts country space going walk going someplace close walk block nearby store move faster riding bicycle faster travel walking boys girls ride bicycles school bicycles places crossing country bicycle month cross country car cars slow cars moved faster bicycle built faster cars today cars travel fast drive country days trains moved slowly today trains move fast race cars trains carry large loads carry hundreds ways trains cars stay train tracks fastest travel airplane jet airplanes fly united states hours planes travel space space big moon closest neighbor road moon walk drive fly moon plane moon spaceship spaceships zoom moon move faster machine
geraldine possum lives parents brothers eugene randolph big tree geraldine found hanging tree branch juggling geraldine liked hanging tail branch tree juggling acorns parents told juggling week mademoiselle la fay school dance learn ballet help graceful mother help ladylike father help physically fit brother randolph help whispered brother eugene geraldine home ballet school excited look shouted look asked mother learned dance purple swan geraldine wonderful mother dance exclaimed father haven going dancing school swans purple eugene watch geraldine ordered looking re looking mother geraldine smoothed tutu mother leaves gracefully raised forepaws head dee da da da da dee ta dum hummed ran lightly tiptoe trunk tree beautiful sighed mother encore encore clapped father pretty geraldine randolph play asked eugene dee da da da da ta dum geraldine hummed began dance faster tree big roots tree sticking ground geraldine didn
brown chief police idaville son leroy puts clues solutions police cases success solving father cases leads leroy known encyclopedia brown form detective agency sally kimball partner encyclopedia finds victim crime thirty tuesday morning sally kimball roller skates disappeared waiting room dr vivian wilson office encyclopedia brown boy detective ten feet scene crime sitting chair eyes shut mouth wide open excuse dr wilson pulling encyclopedia teeth dr wilson cheerfully handing encyclopedia ice cream cone tooth ugh encyclopedia dr wilson hop chair encyclopedia hopped put tooth pocket going give charlie stewart collected teeth flowered cookie jar encyclopedia waiting room chair left sally roller skates empty looked chair dropped knees looked chair skates re exclaimed sure brought asked dr wilson sure answered encyclopedia broken fixed night partner sally kimball going house home office dr wilson shook head sadly afraid
eskimo live climate freezing point danger death part eskimo daily snow machines dog teams houses igloos electric lights stores eskimo changed ways young strong wind brought storm shook windows school gust lights closest houses winked disappeared swirls snow thrown side building looking storm clock blackboard hands held giant weights thirty hour special birthday muttered hit desk softly clenched fist hoped perfectly calm father check traps early morning mother home cooking big meal party night beautiful parka mother sewn complete fur ruff trimming trapping season poor chance especially father luck find fox traps parka finished storm completely covered village snow took slim chance sighed stared darkness caused storm lack winter sun door classroom opened principal whispered teacher left quietly asked children listen
mrs tak poor small house village mountains tiny patch green land mountain side grew vegetables live season need eat soon grown tak took vegetables spare basket village sold bought oil lamp fresh seeds bought piece cotton stuff coats trousers wife imagine chance eat meat happened tak digging precious patch unearthed big brass pot thought strange disappointed find empty thought find pot ready house evening decided big heavy struggles arms round raise position carrying purse took belt fell ground sure purse safe put inside pot staggered home load soon house mrs tak hurried room meet
say seeing believing saying true eyes brain fooled drawings page fool eyes brains fool lines length lines straight circles size drawings optical illusion optical illusion happens eyes brain appears eyes brain help light carries picture image object eyes light enters eyes image object turned upside receive upside images object eye messages upside images travel optic nerves brain sight centers brain turn images side centers combine images brain figures looking object brain sense brain compares seeing seen past brain job puts curves makes objects smaller bigger brain fools optical illusion happens optical illusion picture makes brain picture ways look picture thing look look drawing look picture change vase faces brain sees picture ways
coin jane found looked nickel bore strange signs worked strange magic granted half wishes owners soon jane brother mark sisters katharine martha wishing magic charm katharine remembered double wishes turn wish days king arthur tournaments deeds charm half magic children found england king arthur quest led sir greatest knight round table locked dungeon enemy morgan le fay charm help katharine rescued sir grateful bit preferred escape help magic angry katharine undid deed wished tournament camelot arrive katharine half deeds rushed complained martha found minutes camelot think katharine tournament look jane mark martha looked camelot field tournament looked exactly expect look descriptions boy king arthur wonderful books white trumpets blowing clarion calls fluttered blue air armor flashed bright light gallant knights trusty squires faithful pages ladies fair crowding stands hundreds watch chivalrous sport
stories theseus greatest heroes ancient greece told centuries story struggle minotaur tales theseus strength bravery theseus lost son king aegeus ancient greek city athens story begins king aegeus caused death son king minos crete punishment minos demanded human sacrifice athens ten athens boys girls island crete king minos forced enter labyrinth huge maze home terrible minotaur half half beast ate human flesh entered labyrinth escaped theseus father city horrified learn cruel punishment theseus felt father aegeus athens paid promise fourteen doomed young despair kill minotaur die harbor ship waiting helmsman standing steering oar pilot prow thirty oarsmen benches impatient victims embarked families friends pressing food voyage embracing clinging ship drew slowly stretched hands water harbor sailors hauled black sail masthead unfurled
early told stories wild ape beings woods remote mountain ranges dense forests undisturbed say beings exist himalayas southern asia called abominable snowman native legends america pacific northwest tell feet tall hairy arms sloping brows knows real caught named roger patterson took short movie scientists disagree film shows stories sightings lake monsters common cold deep lake monster known lake monster nessie supposed live scotland loch ness lake canada chesapeake bay australian lakes claim seen lake monsters tell similar stories describe monster twenty thirty feet humped say snakelike neck small head caught lake monster photographs lake monsters fuzzy equipped scientific expeditions unable prove nessie existence lake monster question settled hurry answers think nature holds secrets believed mermaids believe lake monsters exist
father died sam greene lonely mother busy running family jersey inn sisters busy interests sam spent hours radio listening loved major league baseball games davy cook inn sam davy discovered loved things baseball brooklyn dodgers jackie robinson dodgers star player sam davy fifty age friends talking endlessly baseball going dodger games davy heart attack later terrible shock sam friend hospital wasn family member sam wasn allowed visit davy heard davy asking sam decision couldn davy person help davy sam tells story going spectacular going magic afternoon bike rode downtown muldoon sporting goods bought brand regulation baseball cost sixty couldn count catching ball park davy games happened thousand million games matters hands rough ball bit persuade players autograph caught
think favorite characters stories read brave determined clever honest wicked traits character traits character stand mind character likely remember character traits learned character says traits detect sam conversation davy scene sam persuaded mother give dollars fifty cents savings think spend present davy mother dollar plenty mother exclaimed shocked thousand dollars wouldn spend davy wouldn want spend money want spend money davy davy money think re crazy don need spend money show love hospital won let outspoken loyal determined traits found sam conversation think favorite characters stories read brave determined clever honest wicked traits character traits learned author tell traits detect ariadne scene hero promise scene author describes dinner king minos athenian guests dinner conversation soon interrupted thundering growls minotaur king minos clearly enjoyed guests dismay daughter ariadne admired theseus dignity calm asked exploits road athens listened entranced told
thomas small family home huntington ohio thomas father going teach small college thomas excited finds hard twin brothers father job thoughts town school thomas excited thomas excited family house house house house history hundred ago house station underground railroad owner house dies drear conductors hidden slaves helped escape freedom thomas finally falls asleep misses crossing ohio river coming huntington wakes thing thomas sees house dies drear thomas wake ohio river small glad didn gloom mist rain expanse hidden visible looked thick mud path sedan crossed huntington thomas lurched awake car slowly rain mother spoke excitedly thomas shake head rapidly order understand saying dear mrs small huge small broke eagerly turning face thomas waited look son house thomas looked carefully window opened car door seconds found moist air warm soft
summer uncle farm magic elizabeth geeder turns imagination mysterious young woman skilled care handling prize razorback hogs geeder suspects ordinary person geeder eyes extraordinary height regal bearing beauty queen geeder convinced finds bears remarkable resemblance princess pictured magazine geeder tells neighborhood children queen descended africa builds image geeder longs bring geeder reality arranges meeting geeder clearing woods meeting wears beautiful dress dress princess didn mind silence geeder relaxed serene viewed geeder head foot eyes full strange light dark geeder sat began stare hard watchful held lady read eyes fathom looking wondered beads pretty suddenly lot clothes spoke geeder known voice halting person speak talk
dreams remember put awake idea artistic creation answer scientific problem dream poet samuel taylor coleridge turned dream king palace ice poem called kubla khan physicist bohr dreamed atoms solar systems dreamed sun solar system nucleus atom planets surrounding sun electrons dream led thinking atoms brain scientist levy dreamed face divided halves belonging led experiment showed halves person brain things differently important dreams sleep dreams ideas hopes arose deep inside dreamers ideas believed dreamers changed hundred ago slave named harriet tubman dreamed escaping slavery helping hundreds slaves find freedom france dr louis pasteur dreamed medicine prevent death rabies united states dr robert goddard believed sending rockets moon airplanes australia nurse elizabeth kenny worked show medicine exercise important part treating sickness polio believed dreams strongly able change lifetimes future stories dreams true
things thirteen jessica loves write tells truth lively sense humor traits evidence jessica recounts experience completely changed war ii jessica reluctantly attending strict private girls school england tell beginning normal violent experience age clear noticed things seep slowly reader apt feel let tricked eventually point glad say mad hereditary madness family thing sets girls age say thirteen school private kindergarten sort school upwards girls left eleven dumb talk writers lot thought writers let certainly actual words thoughts considerable number written things lot paper lying house father schoolmaster remember didn pick pencils write
left realized busy paying attention maria forgotten look country truly country eyes wide tried directions road traveled narrow curving woods edge woods practically christmas trees kinds trees gave open stretches field sudden rounded corner gasped herd cows real live cows looked huge peaceful sunny grass chewing chewing mouths sideways tell momma wrote flowers road edge meadows air rushed open bus windows smelled flowers turned gates drove sign saying camp oriole climbed hill stop brown wooden building porch running sign big front door lodge scrambling bus children walked stood looking taking deep breaths country tents hillsides close lot cabins brown wood lodge distance sloping meadow lake glittered glass beads wooden platform ran water boats pulled shore tied close lake sailboat skimming scarcely believe blue striped sails
ago things supernatural beings roamed seas vast green wilderness northwest coast called careful anger days lived totem pole villages stood backs big snow capped mountains villages bright carved painted emblems clans eagle raven bear wolf frog fronting water totem crested canoes drawn edged lonely beaches fringed bays rivers fished rivers hunted hills seas gathered roots berries built cedar winter feasted enormous cedar houses settled affairs wearing colorful regalia drummed chanted danced told stories stories mouse woman tiny watched big busy mouse eyes spirit mouse woman mouse tiniest grandmothers move body spirit let gifts transformed essence fire mouse mouse woman strong things woolen snatched scorched fingers began tearing lovely loose pile wool improper delight proper mouse woman liked proper disturbing proper order mischief maker
northwest coast indians lived shores pacific ocean washington canada southern alaska separate tribes nootka kwakiutl haida northwest coast tribes ceremonies honor gods spirits sang danced shook rattles beat tom toms masks sorts played important part ceremonies wooden mask nootka indians lived vancouver island pacific coast canada mask represents wild mountains worn midwinter dances mask trimmed hair strips bark cedar tree eyebrows fur face look wilder mask worn dancers ceremonies mask face shapes form face bird mask closed dancer open close mask pulling strings huge sea going canoes cedars northwest cedar logs hollowed boats fishing figure prow canoe guide safely water eyes teeth shell human hair glued head unusual coat worn important occasions indians design shows brown bears coat goat wool cedar bark cedar bark soaked salt water beaten whale bone mallet sleeves coat woolen yarn coat trimmed otter fur
belinda mad hornet times started slip agony tagged barking happily finally stood front solemnly blinking minute kind dog asked beagle re wonderful rabbit dogs mean hunt rabbits rabbit hunting agony stay property agony let hunting shouted disappeared corner garage minutes began feel uneasy hear agony bark book trouble barking finally bark yip knew wrong stuck book pocket hurried garage agony locked tight rabbit hunting locked rabbit pen wasn chance catching rabbit pen hour game couldn help worrying babysitting certainly responsibility re things happen especially belinda spent half worrying terrible happened half thinking terrible serve looked checking pool minutes fallen agony help saying let find belinda agony gave disgusted sniff wandered yard looking rabbit
ancient greek myths tell king ruled island crete ordered architect build huge labyrinth maze impossible escape labyrinth center king imprisoned monster minotaur half half bull fed human sacrifices escaped labyrinth hero theseus killed minotaur fled escape led tale retold theseus escaped labyrinth king minos flew rage builder daedalus ordered shut high tower faced lonely sea help young son icarus daedalus managed escape tower find prisoner island crete times tried bribery stow vessels sailing crete king minos strict watch ships allowed sail carefully searched daedalus ingenious artist discouraged failures minos control land sea control air try called son icarus told boy gather feathers find rocky shore thousands gulls soared island icarus soon collected huge pile feathers daedalus melted wax skeleton shape bird wing smallest feathers pressed soft wax large tied thread
moon shadow scarcely farewell mother china sailed land golden mountain america san chinatown live windrider father seen windrider moon shadow learned father ordinary person genius moon shadow knew extraordinary kites father built young china boy learned father extraordinary visions dreams windrider told moon shadow dream lived winged chinese dragon able fly earth america windrider dreamed building aeroplane let soar earth wright brothers recently passed moon shadow began share father dream hard true hard windrider son setbacks poverty disbelief windrider relatives friends terrible earthquake finally theft money father son saved despite troubles windrider moon shadow stood hilltop overlooking san bay final model windrider aeroplane ready flight fly dream end disaster fell asleep past sunrise woke light crept cracks walls shutters delight especially dancing eyes father lay huddled rolled blanket
meg murry brother charles wallace baby father scientist secret government experiments mysteriously disappeared later meg charles wallace genius visited unearthly trio mrs mrs mrs whatsit women deliver message murry danger children save accomplish mission travel space friend calvin keefe meg charles wallace begin journey accompanied trio guardians final destination planet children continue armed final instructions gifts meg mrs glasses warning resort save final moment peril moment enter central central intelligence building power darkness called controls inhabitants charles wallace loses duel wits evil prime coordinator turns robot follower meg attempt dangerous rescue charles wallace gave slight jerk head saying started walk strange gliding mechanical manner calvin meg hesitated looking red eyes charles calvin wanted reach grab calvin hand begun looking hand hold stuffed fists pockets walked boys brave moved white seemingly endless corridor
yes simply pushed atoms walked space meg stomach drop realized square box stood elevator started move upward speed yellow light lit faces pale blue charles eyes absorbed yellow turned green calvin licked lips going charles continued lecture happy alike differences creates problems don dear sister meg yes seen home true reason re happy school re happy calvin pretend calvin voice unnaturally loud maybe don meg don want charles wallace raised hand motion square box ceased walls disappear charles stepped meg calvin calvin barely making wall longer opening wanted calvin left didn meg merely trying teach stay toes warn trouble word fell charles lips meg felt touched slimy horrible asked
children give program children notice bodies feelings causing hands feel sweaty heart thumping funny feeling stomach breathing fast notice body notice person notice fast heartbeat person breathe faster butterflies stomach notice notice body strong feelings remember body notice lew problem tell looks mean feels upset lew friend pete mad pete feelings hurt lew help feel upset talked problem mother playing ball big kids lew don let play pete asked play big kids run kid began mother run lew don
feels stranger chapter help help learn exactly ways want noticed wants liked friends feelings feelings pleasant feelings unpleasant wonder look quickly chapter questions main titles ask questions curious questions find answers suppose group don tag group don suppose short plan help plan short talk draw picture write act game sport play choose job help
learned ways special find group teacher going read statements aloud statement applies raise hand look room raised hands pet grandmother grandfather lives oldest family youngest family child family afraid lightning watch cartoons tv saturday morning bus moved times brother sister makes angry mother works home secret hiding place breakfast feel scared give report library card swim ride airplane scary dreams favorite color help home ride bike feel lonely learn activity brenda feeling left things care thinking brenda thought question liked think question answers ready turn page read things annoy annoying things liked
andy mixed feelings emotions wants give report group feels scared feels scared scared feelings learning things trying things think andy feelings scared feelings helps talk scared shy feelings talk mother father teacher older brother sister friend helps ahead try thing scares times scared shy feelings andy find scared feelings disappear started report find courage fear feel feel proud surprised things turn easier thing fear course times scared afraid unsafe dare afraid help safe think felt scared shy susan angry brother tommy tommy broken part game belongs susan think susan
going main senses help senses seeing hearing tasting smelling touching think wonderful senses help enjoy eyes pictures read words flowers birds sun moon stars family friends ears hear voice hear voices hear music makes feel happy sad things hear think things taste tongue notice things taste sweet sour salty bitter things nose smell food cooking smell flowers especially smell sense touch find things hot cold things find senses help safe ways senses help seeing hearing tasting touching smelling kinds senses deep inside body nerves tell body needs sense hunger thirst senses let eat drink
inside head remarkable organ brain brain read book brain play games hear music talk understand remember things happening brain soft spongy billions tiny parts called cells coats membranes cover brain membranes fluid membrane covers bones head skull surround membranes skull membranes fluid protect brain falls blows born brain grew rapidly full size continue grow bit twenty full size brain weigh kilogram brain finally stop growing size brain think spinal cord extends base brain length cord thousands nerves covered protected chain bones called backbone spinal cord expressway carries messages brain brain called busiest communication center thousands messages parts body brain messages carried brain sensory nerves special places brain receive sensory messages parts body
young want personality starting study personality group interesting group took minutes brainstorming thought questions wanted answered personality recorders worked chalkboard write ideas questions asked shown curious questions add look list answer questions read learn personality compare ideas find pages thought person personality felt classmates lot personality personality expression lot personality person qualities find attractive personality personality includes body works appearance kind intelligence feelings personality includes habits attitudes things believe behavior special strengths talents limitations personality total picture sets personality trying powerful factors contribute personality heredity heredity includes traits abilities born inherited traits parents ancestors
thought person mirror outward appearance easiest part important things feelings influence think feelings part body born ability feel react feelings feelings physical tiny baby cried felt hungry cold laughed cooed felt content older feelings feelings physical feelings caused pain hunger hot cold tired behavior show feelings instance irritable hungry tired feelings sort physical feelings called emotions emotions real part emotional feelings emotions strong powerful notice feel happy friend accomplished wanted feel excited looking forward pleasant feel sad unpleasant happened care think realize mention feelings
begin realize basic needs understand friends act ways suppose friend behavior puzzles help put place try things friend point view discover reasons person behavior able understand person clowning behavior bid attention find bring special recognition person try include person group activity notice person friendly able help able equally trying understand help understand help considerate learning understand important grow thought matter person outstanding talents inclined think regardless act think accept things ignore treat badly
alcohol kind alcoholic drinks ethyl alcohol called grain alcohol grain common types alcoholic beverages beer wine hard liquors hard liquors include whiskey rum vodka gin beer percent alcohol alcoholic content wines vary percent raised percent wines fortified addition alcohol alcoholic content liquors ranges percent alcohol depressant primarily stimulant think alcohol slows activity brain person swallows drink alcohol alcohol absorbed stomach small intestine bloodstream speed absorption varies speed depends things presence food stomach size drinker unlike food alcohol digested absorbed alcohol body goes directly bloodstream soon reaches brain alcohol depressant effect small quantities alcohol reach brain mild relaxing alcohol larger quantities controls govern person behavior weakened drinkers loud irritable moody react differently alcohol alcohol affect person ways times
products kind called cosmetics cosmetics include lotions toothpastes shampoos deodorants products safe consumer cosmetics protected important ways federal law federal law requires label cosmetic show weight volume contents information compare quantity price brands label give location manufacturer ago consumer protection harmful cosmetics talcum powder found glasslike particles irritated skin shampoos proved irritate eyes purpose food drug cosmetic act passed urging consumers provide safeguards harmful products product harmless unsafe important products according manufacturer directions notice label bottle shampoo left information consumer consumer responsible reading labels cosmetics sure follow directions observe warnings told test cosmetic freely cosmetics allergic reactions paying attention manufacturer says product important consumer skill teen buy products help skin problems
big item family budget food help shop food importance looking quality tips food shopping pages add start reading labels food packages federal law requires truthful labeling labels mislead label lists ingredients listed order ingredient listed product rice beef called rice beef labeled beef rice food labels alike give product location manufacturer labels give net contents net weight product net actual amount including container net includes container label describe product soup condensed peaches halves slices corn cream style food drug administration fda set standards foods ingredients listed labels products food tells story catsup amount tomatoes jam amount fruit product standardized catsup jam meet fda standards product labels provide nutrition information find facts calories amount protein fat carbohydrate typical serving
anatomical drawings twelve pages provide fascinating look human body pictures drawn noted anatomical artist help imagine look inside pages variety views organs body systems depths body organs shown relative position body cases cross sections show interior organs cross section view lungs appears page heart page kidney page pictures help view body layers peeled page beautiful pattern muscles lie beneath skin front body page view outer muscles names muscles shown bones pictured named page find bony ribcage protect vital organs heart lungs page shows spinal column look body front protect spinal cord result study pages able tell body organs located lungs heart liver stomach kidneys intestines
taller ago body grown body grow body grows part health makes health think things breathe laugh run jump swim body works things part health health body grows works part health think think ideas things think friends school play suppose thinks things closely connected think learn learn means find things want learn things friend house want learn foods taste want learn suppose thinking learning important parts health part health feel feel happy sad excited left feelings part think learn feel
easy think choices taking care body easy think choices thinking learning suppose math problem looked hard choice try try ways working choice ask help choices think choices thinking learning helped healthy making choices feelings help healthy suppose friend moved feel unhappy lonely found friend feel happy choose feelings share choices feelings choices feelings helped healthy think helpful listen interested share things chose act ways help choices getting choices helped healthy choices taking care body help healthy
think feelings today felt happy silly afraid feelings feelings wondered ago believed feelings heart think believe likely feelings heart part part thinking learning place part brain suppose thinking learning feelings suppose heard noise dark won party things feelings feelings happens feelings feelings things feelings important part health showing important fun show feelings love finding friend learned suppose felt happy finding lost pet show feeling ways laugh jump cry show felt feelings ways show
seen newborn babies newborn babies walk talk hold head play games laugh newborn babies newborn babies things things things newborn babies cry thing grow ways babies grow babies born grow fast babies grow faster born newborn babies weigh ten pounds babies weigh times babies grow ways gaining weight begin grow teeth grow learning things things babies learn things things thinking things babies learn things learn things things babies learn show joy babies learn things including end babies learned walk
babies grow inside mother months born babies grow ways babies grow babies babies born problems problems think problems babies born babies ears grown grown babies able hear brain babies grown grown babies able learn things babies arms legs grown grown problem brought chapter children grow ways born children problems growing happen born children eyes grow children able children teeth grow problem children helped problems growing children happen born children problems growing helped ways suppose child leg growing child helped walk brace leg suppose child child helped read special books
children play parked cars think parked car friend playing suddenly car starts happen friend children play sidewalk moving cars throwing ball ball roll street happen ran street ball ball playing rolled street run stop look ways ask think safe safe inside car think getting car safe play parked cars safe moving cars things safe cars riding bicycle think things safe riding bicycle things riding bicycle thing safe riding bicycle hand signals pictures page show boys girls hand signals hand signals help safe riding bicycle thing safe riding bicycle ride hand side street
eat food wondered happens food put mouth surprised things happen food put food mouth teeth help change teeth help change food eat hungry saw smelled food eat mouth begun water water special juices mouth help change food eat suppose put piece hard candy mouth juices change suppose put cracker mouth juices change think happen juices mouth place food changed changed stomach swallow food stomach mixes food special juices food changed thick liquid hours food changed stomach goes part body part body food goes shaped tube called small intestine think small intestine small intestine special juices juices mix food food thin liquid
likely body needs food body needs kinds food foods put food groups foods group things body needs fruits vegetables food group called fruit vegetable group eating fruits helps teeth bones grow eating fruits helps blood healthy fruits eat eating vegetables helps eyes eating vegetables helps heart muscles vegetables eat food group foods bread cereal food group called bread cereal group body needs foods group give energy things need energy eaten corn bread pancakes muffins rice spaghetti crackers foods breads cereals things bread cereal foods part bread cereal group kinds bread eat kinds cereal eat eat ham fish chicken eggs peanut butter foods meat things meat foods meat group
eating foods help healthy problems eating problem eating overweight overweight means weighing age means weighing height food eat body eat food body food stored body gain weight eating food body overweight overweight tired faster overweight overweight diseases overweight things think overweight lose weight think overweight doctor problem eating underweight underweight means weighing age means weighing height reasons underweight reason eat food think reason underweight food eat things underweight gain weight
sick family able help need help medical doctor medical doctors health workers things body care broken bone help sick think medical doctors help healthy medical doctor doctor help healthy kinds medical doctors doctors care babies young children doctors care trouble eyes kinds medical doctors medical doctors nurses health workers help healthy nurses helping doctors help doctors give checkups think nurses help healthy medical doctors nurses clinics hospitals medical doctors nurses medical doctors nurses hospitals kinds health workers hospitals health workers hospital labs health workers ray pictures labs pictures inside body pictures bones teeth part body
kinds health workers kinds safety workers police department safety workers thing police department help direct traffic thing sure drive safe speeds think things helps safe ways think police department help safe police department important safety workers important safety workers fire department important put fires help buildings fire fire spreading think important keeping safe fires fire department help ways help accident help fallen thin ice think important ways helping ways think fire department help police fire departments help safe crossing guards crossing guards street crossings schools stop cars children cross street think help children safe
potato chips candy peanut butter likely eaten kinds food food things air water things things called drugs drugs things things bring body think drugs cold help feel called medicine drugs medicines means medicines drugs drugs medicines medicines help ways medicines help fight germs sick medicines help fever medicines help upset stomach think ways medicines help drugs found things medicines smoke things drugs drinks coffee beer drugs drinks drugs drink drugstore things sold drugstores course things drugs drugs sold medicines medicines bought note doctor
trying foods eaten eating fun find foods parents teachers friends food eaten prepared afraid try find food divide poster board half drawing line middle top left side poster board write words foods top side board write words date tried cut pictures magazines ten foods eaten paste pictures foods weeks try eating foods pictured foods eaten foods pictured write date tried date ate foods foods eat foods enjoy eating enjoy eating think important try foods eaten healthy teeth important help look smile speak help chew food help say words teeth cared decayed food left tooth acid form acid tooth covering break broken covering decayed resulting cavity
neighborhood important meets needs neighborhood place live play shop school care neighborhood try place live things learn neighborhood large piece cardboard draw map neighborhood shows places home school high school attend fire department main shopping area post office friend house located places list mark place map paper star map pin label place show map classmates think important neighborhood places marked map places marked map visited think important places marked explain answer live neighborhood neighborhood things help neighborhood place live things collect trash deliver mail care parks playgrounds
times need help hurry oftentimes easiest fastest help telephone save emergency list emergency telephone numbers telephone home top paper write heading emergency telephone numbers list left hand side paper mother father place closest relative police department fire department hospital poison control center doctor dentist ambulance service drugstore veterinarian animal doctor find telephone number person place listed write telephone number person place listed place list telephone home member family call telephone numbers list telephone numbers added list added important list emergency telephone numbers telephone home buy kinds medicines drugstores food stores medicines children adults amount adults amount children taking medicine harmful important label accompanying medicine read carefully medicine
illustrate standard unit measurement defined maintained let briefly review story meter originally french commission created metric system decided basic unit length ten millionth distance pole earth equator meridian passing paris length carefully determined marked means parallel scratches bar platinum iridium alloy distance scratches bar temperature celsius officially declared standard meter temperature celsius metal bar expands temperature rises contracts temperature falls distance scratches platinum iridium bar exactly standard meter temperature celsius preserve standard meter original platinum iridium bar international bureau weights measures sevres france copies united states countries bureaus standards scientists industries inaccuracy crept original determination standard meter turned exactly ten millionth earth equator pole distance affected precision measuring unit noted earlier length selected standard measurement entirely matter choice
mass body measured comparing mass set known standard masses beam balance consists essentially uniform beam pan suspended ends beam delicately balanced center knife edge pointer attached center beam extends downward scale makes equal swings center scale beam perfectly balanced find mass object put left pan combinations standard masses put pan pointer shows beam balanced mass object left pan equal sum standard masses pan operation beam balance depends fact place earth downward pull bodies proportional masses mass left pan larger total standard masses pan earth pulls left pan harder pan beam goes left masses left pans equal earth pulls equally beam balanced mass object measured beam balance balance equal masses pans top mountain earth pull masses smaller
adding combining vectors find resultant vectors combined called components frequently interested opposite process starting single vector think resultant finding components directions sailing easy boat wind wish sail direction break force wind components push boat desired direction call process dividing resolving vector components resolution interested finding effects vector specific directions resolve vector components directions method opposite combining component vectors find resultant start resultant find components procedure follows construct force scale end draw line directions component desired end draw line direction component desired triangle formed side vector sides required components measure components determine magnitudes put arrowheads show direction
return problem newton set seeking law gravitation newton stated basic idea law saw apple fall tree thinking problem observation stimulus crystallized thoughts specifically problems newton trying solve nature force accelerates apple body earth nature force exerted sun planets centripetal acceleration needed orbits clues newton nature force major fact freely falling bodies accelerated earth constant acceleration according law motion acceleration produced force bodies fall earth earth exerting attractive force action reaction body attracted downward earth reacts attracting earth upward attracts fact bodies attracted earth attract turn suggests property mutual attraction characteristic matter body attracts attracted body mutual attraction newton called force gravity simplified problems began making
patent offices innumerable applications patents claim invented perpetual motion machines perpetual motion machine started continue input energy kind car equipped perpetual motion machine need fuel start machine running car running invention successful law explains perpetual motion machine output greater input machine able run addition moving resistance acting according law output greater input perpetual motion machine impossibility dealing ideal machines ideal machines exist practical machine friction interferes effectiveness machine aware effects unusual squeaks sounds accompany operation machine times effects noticed fact machine heating moving parts wearing rapidly friction force resists movement surface body surface acts machine part slides rolls
thermometer fill large jars water follows ice water tap water room temperature hot water put hand ice water left hand hot water keeping hands immersed minutes hands immerse hands tap water water feel warm hand cool explain evidently hands dependable thermometers sense hot cold depends temperature tap water direction heat flows hands immersed left hand hot water higher temperature tap water heat flows hand tap water left hand losing heat feels cool hand ice water lower temperature tap water heat flows tap water hand making hand feel warm general object feels cool touch temperature lower hand hand loses heat object feels warm touch temperature higher hand heat passes hand thermometers devices sensitive temperature equipped scales temperature read
series sound waves represented curve resembling cross section water waves known mathematically sine curve crests represent contractions air troughs represent expansions wavelength represented distance occupied crest adjacent trough number crests troughs produced frequency waves amplitude height crests base line represents amplitude vibration particles air waves passing amplitude sound waves determines loudness sound greater amplitude louder sound speed sound waves air determined measuring loud sound cannon travel known distance cannon fired air observers flash immediately light travels meters reaches sound shot travels slowly light takes seconds reach observers measure elapses seeing flash hearing shot sound waves travel known distance cannon observers dividing distance speed sound turns normal atmospheric pressure speed sound air meters
experimental evidence behavior light seventeenth century times newton huygens enable scientists choose particle wave theories centuries evidence obtained decided overwhelmingly favor wave theory found wavelength sound determines pitch wavelength light determine color significant evidence wavelike nature light demonstration interference light thomas young english scientist seen sets sound waves interfere produce alternate beats silences young showed sets light waves interfere produce alternate areas brightness darkness happen sets light waves wavelength superimposed places crests troughs set waves coincide crests troughs set waves waves combine produce especially bright area places crests set waves fall troughs waves neutralize place dark demonstrate interference light waves dip open end glass tumbler saucer slightly soapy water remove glass tumbler soap film forms mouth glass stand feet window tip tumbler light sky seen soap film
white light passed transparent substances examined spectroscope found colors present spectrum white light missing places dark absorption lines bands surrounded remaining colors spectrum called absorption spectrum absorbing substance solid liquid obtain absorption spectrum consisting wide black bands continuous spectrum absorbing substance gas vapor obtain line absorption spectrum consisting individual black lines interspersed continuous spectrum color plate bottom study sun spectrum illustrates spectroscope information sun composition main body sun consists incandescent gases high temperature pressure apparently produces continuous spectrum expected examine spectrum sun spectroscope find actually line absorption spectrum black lines distributed called lines honor observed mapped accurately lines sun surrounded atmosphere cooler gases absorbing wavelengths light coming main body sun gas absorbs wavelengths light emits spectrum properly stimulated dark absorption lines tell gases absorbed
hydrogen ions immediately attach water molecules form combinations called hydronium ions chlorine ions associate water molecules hydrated ordinarily positive hydronium ions negative chlorine ions wander freely solution directions electrolytic cell connected battery anode positively charged cathode negatively charged positively charged hydronium ions attracted cathode negatively charged chlorine ions attracted anode flow current inside cell consists positive hydronium ions flowing direction negative chlorine ions flowing opposite direction hydronium ions reach cathode excess electrons takes electron neutralizes positively charged hydrogen ion attached hydrogen ions hydrogen atoms released solution pair form hydrogen molecules gradually solution bubbles hydrogen gas chlorine ions reach anode shortage electrons give extra electrons neutral chlorine atoms pair form chlorine molecules gradually solution bubbles chlorine gas behavior hydrochloric acid solution typical electrolytes general acids bases salts dissolved water molecules break positively negatively charged ions free move solution
notice person operating mechanical circuit continually supply energy raising ball lower level upper level similarly battery electrical circuit continually supply energy move electron inside battery positive terminal negative terminal ball lifted height additional potential energy true electron receives additional electrical potential energy battery moved constant difference potential positive negative terminals increased potential energy acquired electrons enables fall iron wire circuit increased potential energy acquired balls lifted top stairs enables fall stairs battery source continuous supplier energy moving electrons circuit supply electrons flow circuit present free electrons conductors circuit battery merely kinetic energy need move circuit obtains energy chemical energy stored materials person mechanical circuit obtains mechanical energy chemical energy stored oxidation food consumed electrons circuit repelled negative charge piled negative terminal battery attracted positive charge piled positive terminal
electrical devices electric lamps toasters simply metal wire conductors resistance constant temperatures constant devices obey ohm law called resistors resistance wire conductor depends factors substance length cross section temperature conductors metals copper silver aluminum low resistance compared similar conductors iron metals copper wire seventh resistance similar iron wire reason wires lead current battery generator electrical device lamp motor copper hand device toaster desired generate heat metal alloy high resistance resistance wire specific material varies directly length inversely cross section relationships understood picturing flow electrons wires lengths cross sections longer wire electrons encounter collide atoms paths shorter wire meet resistance passing longer wire passing shorter wire turning wires cross sections clear greater cross section length wire greater number spaces atoms electrons pass cross section
quantum theory explanation differences ability solids conduct electricity solids divided classes conductors copper silver poor conductors insulators mica rubber semiconductors silicon germanium conductivity lies conductors insulators carriers current solids generally electrons free move solids conductors abundance free electrons insulators free electrons semiconductors number free electrons intermediate number conductors insulators according quantum theory energy level structure solid determines electrons free carry current typical solid crystalline atoms closely bound regular patterns consider single atom crystal isolated atoms set narrow energy levels electrons able occupy atom brought atoms act energy level splits slightly levels atom approaches close previous allowed energy level electron moves splits close levels atoms brought splitting energy levels continues crystal enormous numbers atoms crowded allowed energy levels split closely packed levels original level band practically continuous levels
large scale quantities electric power obtained nuclear reactor heat produce steam steam turbine operates electric generator power obtained substantial proportion electric power drives specially designed ships submarines intense harmful radiation accompanies fission process makes elaborate safety precautions operating reactor include surrounding reactor heavy shielding absorb radiation operating reactor entirely remote control addition remove large quantities lighter radioactive atoms produced fission accumulate uranium rods contaminated rods removed radioactive atoms separated chemically safe disposition highly radioactive longlived waste products problem proving difficult solve sun radiates enormous quantities energy measurable change mass temperature rate radiation centuries clear sun generates abundance energy process called nuclear fusion nuclear fusion nuclei light elements hydrogen deuterium combine form heavier nuclei typical series fusion reactions hydrogen nuclei combine form helium nucleus calculation shows mass helium nucleus sum hydrogen nuclei formed loss mass reaction
cyclotron invented american physicist lawrence hollow half cylinders metal called shapes enclosed vacuum chamber situated poles powerful electromagnet effect electromagnet force particles accelerated move slowly widening spiral path remain cyclotron series successive pushes serve opposite plates capacitor connected source high frequency alternating voltage reverses electric charges half cycle illustrate cyclotron works suppose produce high velocity deuterons supply deuterons obtained introducing heavy hydrogen gas deuterium middle vacuum chamber ionized electrically heated wire filament positively charged deuterons formed gap attracted immediately dee negative charge moment repelled dee positive charge influence electric forces deuterons accelerated move rapidly hollow negatively charged dee electromagnet compels move circular path making half revolution deuterons return gap moment high frequency alternating voltage reverses charges dee deuterons moving negatively charged dee leaving positively charged
left fortunes ten days scarce ten stand extreme weakness sickness oppressed thereat need marvel consider reason whilst ships stayed allowance bettered daily proportion biscuit sailors sell give exchange money sassafras furs departed remained tavern beer house place relief common kettle free sins gluttony drunkenness canonized saints president admitted engrossing private oatmeal sack oil aqua beef eggs kettle allowed equally distributed half pint wheat barley boiled water fried twenty weeks ship hold contained worms grains truly call bran corn drink water lodgings castles air lodging diet extreme toil bearing planting strained bruised continual labor extremity heat weakened sufficient miserable native country place september escaped lived sturgeon sea crabs fifty buried rest seeing president projects escape miseries pinnace flight felt want sickness moved dead spirits deposed established ratcliffe place
brother begun print newspaper appeared america called england courant boston news letter remember dissuaded friends undertaking likely succeed newspaper judgment america twenty undertaking worked composing types printing sheets employed carry papers streets customers ingenious friends amused writing pieces paper gained credit demand gentlemen visited hearing conversations accounts papers received excited try hand boy brother object printing mine paper knew mine contrived disguise hand writing anonymous paper put night door printing house found morning communicated writing friends called usual read commented hearing exquisite pleasure finding met guesses author named character learning ingenuity
president thinks highly patriotism abilities worthy gentlemen addressed house subject lights hope thought disrespectful gentlemen entertaining opinions character opposite speak sentiments freely reserve ceremony question house awful moment country part consider question freedom slavery proportion magnitude subject freedom debate hope arrive truth fulfill responsibility hold god country opinions fear giving offense consider guilty treason country act disloyalty majesty heaven revere earthly kings president natural indulge illusions hope apt shut eyes painful truth listen song siren till transforms beasts part wise engaged arduous struggle liberty disposed number eyes ears hear things nearly concern temporal salvation
education arrives conviction envy ignorance imitation suicide worse portion wide universe full kernel nourishing corn toil bestowed plot ground till power resides nature knows tried face character fact makes impression sculpture memory preestablished harmony eye ray fall testify ray half express ashamed divine idea represents trust thyself heart vibrates iron string accept place divine providence found society contemporaries connection events confided childlike genius age betraying perception absolutely trustworthy seated heart working hands predominating society conspiracy manhood members society joint stock company members agree securing bread shareholder surrender liberty culture eater
took abode woods began spend nights days accident independence fourth july house finished winter merely defense rain plastering chimney walls rough weatherstained boards wide chinks cool night upright white hewn studs freshly planed door window casings gave clean airy look especially morning timbers saturated dew fancied noon sweet gum exude imagination retained character reminding house mountain visited airy cabin fit entertain traveling god goddess trail garments winds passed dwelling sweep ridges mountains bearing broken strains celestial parts terrestrial music morning wind forever blows poem creation uninterrupted ears hear olympus earth woods wished live deliberately front essential facts learn teach die discover lived
christmas ship shot harbor space biting polar weather running southward degree minute latitude sailed gradually leaving merciless winter intolerable weather lowering gray gloomy mornings transition fair wind ship rushing water vindictive sort leaping melancholy rapidity mounted deck call forenoon watch soon leveled glance foreboding shivers ran reality apprehension captain ahab stood quarter deck sign common bodily illness recovery looked cut stake fire wasted limbs consuming taking particle compacted aged high broad form solid bronze shaped unalterable mold cast perseus threading gray hairs continuing side tawny scorched face neck till disappeared clothing saw slender rodlike mark whitish resembled perpendicular seam straight lofty trunk tree upper lightning darts wrenching single twig peels grooves bark top bottom ere running soil leaving tree greenly alive branded
stood railroad bridge northern alabama looking swift water twenty feet hands wrists bound cord rope loosely encircled neck attached stout cross timber head slack fell level knees loose boards laid sleepers supporting metals railway supplied footing executioners private soldiers federal army directed sergeant civil deputy sheriff short remove temporary platform officer uniform rank armed captain sentinel end bridge stood rifle position known support say vertical front left shoulder hammer resting forearm thrown straight chest formal unnatural position enforcing erect carriage body duty occurring center bridge merely blockaded ends foot plank traversed sentinels sight railroad ran straight forest hundred yards curving lost view doubtless outpost farther bank stream open ground gentle acclivity topped stockade vertical tree trunks loop holed rifles single embrasure protruded muzzle brass cannon commanding bridge
knew color sky eyes glanced level fastened waves swept waves hue slate save tops foaming white knew colors sea horizon narrowed widened dipped rose times edge jagged waves thrust points rocks bathtub larger boat rode sea waves wrongfully barbarously abrupt tall froth top problem small boat navigation cook squatted bottom looked eyes inches gunwale separated ocean sleeves rolled fat forearms flaps unbuttoned vest dangled bent bail boat gawd narrow clip remarked invariably gazed eastward broken sea oiler steering oars boat raised suddenly clear water swirled stern thin oar ready snap correspondent pulling oar watched waves wondered injured captain lying bow buried profound dejection indifference comes temporarily bravest enduring willy firm fails army loses ship goes
group townspeople stood station siding kansas town awaiting coming night train twenty minutes overdue snow fallen thick pale starlight line bluffs wide white meadows south town soft smoke colored curves clear sky siding stood foot hands thrust deep trousers pockets overcoats open shoulders screwed cold glanced southeast railroad track wound river shore conversed low tones moved restlessly uncertain expected company looked knew exactly conspicuously walking end platform returning station door pacing track chin sunk high collar overcoat burly shoulders drooping forward gait heavy dogged presently approached tall spare grizzled clad faded grand army suit shuffled group advanced deference craning neck forward angle jackknife quarters open reckon goin pretty late agin tonight jim remarked squeaky falsetto pose snow
fifteen miles monterey wild coast torres family farm sloping acres cliff dropped brown reefs hissing white waters ocean farm stone mountains stood sky farm buildings huddled clinging aphids mountain skirts crouched low ground wind blow sea shack rattling rotting barn gray bitten sea salt beaten damp wind color granite hills horses red cow red calf half dozen pigs flock lean multicolored chickens stocked place corn raised sterile slope grew short thick wind cobs formed landward sides stalks mama torres lean dry woman ancient eyes ruled farm ten husband tripped stone field fell full length rattlesnake bitten chest mama torres children undersized black twelve fourteen emilio rosy mama fishing rocks farm sea kind truant officer distant part monterey county pepe tall smiling son nineteen gentle affectionate boy lazy
pap won cold mom put heavy wool cap head huh ye say grandpa asked holding big hand cupped ear catch sound wait gloves mom hollering real loud grandpa ear mom forgotten gloves raised big bare hand ear catch sound mom voice don em grandpa won ketch cold mom didn pay attention grandpa gloves anyway grandpa turned saw looking yer ma puttin clothes kill grandpa laughed coarse laugh march wind pine tops words started laughing grandpa words thought laughing laughed pleased grandpa think laughed funny laughing dressed looked picture santa claus grandpa cheeks cherry red santa claus cheeks covered white thin beard eyes white eyebrows white percoon petals longer grandpa wearing heavy wool suit hung loosely big body fitted tightly round waist big round flour barrel
visited york city thirteen father meet uncle buy book vermeer vermeer book idea mother meeting uncle father generation ago uncle vanished direction chicago apparently rich week east business graduated eighth grade perfect marks father claimed brother smartest met getters called irony gave credit visionary suddenly irresistibly felt meet york days dollars measured distance money war ii living depression father set return tickets dollar bill pocket dollars book mother railway platform suddenly exclaimed hate surprised august father august uncle quincy august thought august father gazed serenely head reason wouldn blame took gun shot son
greek philosopher aristotle writing treatise based plays century defined drama imitation action definition basis subsequent dramatic criticism aristotle definition complicated considered carefully word action aristotle meant merely activity exertion direction play moves closely related series events give play momentum play aristotle terms plot beginning middle end plot involves conflict outer conflict main character characters conflict mind main character plot involve kind decision main character choose perform perform morally meaningful act lead play resolution imitation term aristotle definition necessarily mean close copying real imitate reproduce exactly photograph call lifelike painting subject seldom size dimensional photograph freeze subject moment place painter acquaintance careful study frequently create truer likeness subject looked moment place subject looks captures spirit
eugene playwright introduced modern drama american theater singular achievement recognized contemporaries novelist sinclair lewis nobel prize speech american drama save transform utterly ten twelve false neat competent trickery splendor fear greatness later received nobel prize recognition trailblazing efforts born hotel broadway york city father james famous popular actor performing neat competent trickery son abolish elder played title role count monte cristo lavish romance based alexander thousand times toured sentimental melodramas young toured father played minor roles company inspired sea novels joseph conrad signed norwegian ship bound buenos aires returned parents home determined writer plays began write acted father looked experiences subject matter contrived plots older melodrama expressionism european dramatists
thornton wilder american writers gain distinction novelist dramatist bridge san luis rey plays town skin teeth awarded pulitzer prizes wilder sought beneath situations circumstances peculiar specific touch universal underlying ideas hinted emotions propel play find open expression terse crucial passages wilder style praised poetic grace grace lends deceptively placid surface reader beneath surface wilder goes beneath surface everyday discover called thornton wilder born madison wisconsin father newspaper publisher active politics appointed consul general china son wilder boyhood spent china graduation high school berkeley california family settled returning china wilder attended oberlin college yale university graduated spent studying archaeology american academy rome teacher french school jersey later taught university chicago harvard university
romans occupied britain britain roman rule romans left traces stay britain england ruins buildings travel roman roads look picture pages remains walls romans built fortresses words english romans latin word labor english word labor mean word english latin saliva latin words changed english latin agricola means farmer english agriculture means farming latin sal means salt english salary means pay look sentences roman soldiers paid partly salt guess latin word salt changed word salary meaning pay english words latin words english sentence latin sentence say marcus julius friends romans say marcus julius sunt translate roman sentence marcus julius friends sounded fine roman sounds strange english word order important meaning order words meaning words order shown look words arranged order
western sheriff looking robbers asked seen yes pointing air need information ask directions suppose asked directions important thing remember giving directions important thing give specific information give specific information help find street building town give directions tell turn blocks corner look exact guidelines help directions easier follow put person position want choose simplest person destination sure directions order tell person thing try give person landmark look landmark unusual building kind store maps helpful giving directions map city park maps top map north direction streets bottom top map streets run north south direction streets left run east west
lillian studying whales explained class bigger types whales baleen teeth baleen called whalebone bony whales plates baleen mouths baleen strains whales food whale hungry swims slowly mouth open water small plants flow open mouth baleen forces water whale mouth keeps plants inside whale licks plants baleen swallows class discussed lillian explanation agreed lot topic pupil lillian sentences order lillian introduced general topic explained pupil unnecessary sentences explanation pupil baleen looks thought lillian brought photograph baleen drawn sketch chalkboard real piece baleen explain things clearly guidelines help topic put sentences order introduce general topic explain unnecessary sentences aid object photograph drawing help explanation discussion explanation helpful show explained ideas
southern colonies maryland virginia carolinas georgia cities baltimore norfolk charleston savannah colonies distinctive character agriculture climate permitted unusual assortment crops tobacco rice cotton indigo plant grown precious blue dye colonial period increasing numbers black slaves crops considered economical slaves hire servants southern farmers small parcels land slaves prosperous planters dozens slaves large lovely mansions middle colonies pennsylvania york jersey delaware known bread colonies huge grain crops harvested providing source trade finished goods produced overseas large expanses fertile land dotted stone brick houses landscape colonists small prosperous farmers large landholders york growing cities philadelphia york shopkeepers artisans shops places business homes middle colonies attracted increasing numbers non british settlers dutch german scotch irish swedish french colonists began absorbed population ethnic group began emerge americans black free slave barred ethnic mix despite prejudice blacks middle colonies tended tolerant religious ethnic minority groups quakers pennsylvania speak slavery
george washington wished delegates minds seeing cambridge troops keeping british bottled boston war washington officers toasting king health individual colonies concerned defenses sending troops supplies inadequate food terrible money pay soldiers recruits talking deserting washington regretted taking job pay show moved troops rallying courage wife martha camp discuss doubts war months term service militia expire kind army train army troops shuffling handle difficult assignment times hard peter oliver reasons wondered family live loyalists careful tarred feathered increasing frequency reason faithful king colonists taught childhood british sympathizers peter oliver wealth culture satisfied generally things feared violent change ties england strengthened activities church england
virginians offered plan government voters elect representatives assembly lower house states represented assembly according size populations assembly members vote legislators upper house lawmaking bodies elect chief executive judges national courts obvious effect virginians plan give larger states power virginia plan debated weeks june delegates jersey smaller states offered plan number votes assembly supporters virginia plan outnumbered supported jersey plan large delegates realized concessions states remain united offered solution known compromise send number representatives upper house lower house number representatives based population compromise basis present house legislature problem consumed deal discussion number representatives lower house determined slaves counted southern states percent slaves lived higher representation southern states want count slaves determining taxes owed
deep differences separated north south fact regions represent entirely ways nations remain united despite regional differences dividing north south institution slavery institution aroused passions opposed defended slavery tale slave escaped north questioned conditions lived explained fed clothed hour lunch hours sleep encouraged read write forced overtime owner opposed physical punishment beaten run asked assure replied position want job slave fate hands owner house servant field hand field hand overseer cruel kind light skinned dark male female young weak strong factors influenced treated master mistress needed funds conditions change instantly husband wife parents children sold family
malice charity firmness god let strive finish bind nation wounds spoke abraham lincoln march clear planned lenient southern states union april war ended days later lincoln dead assassinated john wilkes booth april happened south lincoln president say president andrew johnson bind nation wounds reconstruct national unity johnson faced problems congress months lincoln death disagreement congress president reconstruction policy begun conquered states accepted lincoln terms union majority congress wanted harsher terms met representatives elected southern states allowed seats congress source disagreement slavery legally dead restored black codes passed southern legislatures laws severely restricted freedom slaves blacks buying renting property fined quit jobs violated curfew laws owned firearms speeches considered dangerous pay fines blacks hired forced working pay form slavery
history united states history british colony extending power atlantic pacific coast history west viewed movement east west look push westward united states building railroads trip difficult americans west mississippi explorers commissioned government hired fur companies looking adventure indian routes explorers located trails later explorers later guides wagon trains buffalo hunters scouts railroad builders artists later photographers explorers opened west americans spread tales wonders beauties opportunities beginning american trappers called mountain region mississippi river rocky mountains entered profitable fur trade established french previous century main object french american trappers beaver pelt demand beaver hats fashionable working small groups trappers hid mountains catching prey living primitive existence early beaver left demand beaver hats disappeared mountain soon extinct species american protestant missionaries west beginning
hostility immigrants began large numbers non english newcomers began arrive groups order united americans political party organized campaigns immigrants feared distrusted catholics thought controlled foreign government vatican believed large numbers german irish catholics country civil war led dissolution groups press laws reduce numbers immigrants entering united states laws anyway restrictive law result pressure groups california resented chinese immigrants working low wages spreading hate propaganda called yellow peril succeeded winning passage chinese exclusion act congress passed law prevented entrance lunatics convicts idiots unofficial gentlemen agreement excluded immigrants japan law passed denied entrance age read language finally national origins acts passed laws favored immigrants northern europe law restricted number immigrants annually excluding china japan reflecting prejudice law set quotas based numbers immigrants entering northern western europe
think japanese americans stressed betterment importance worth japanese culture person necessarily verbalize worth expressed recognized lives western culture requires verbal worth positive traits learned order recognized heard shout things left unsaid japanese american community sensed duality early adopted sets behavior problem mainstream american japanese stereotype thrown films magazines newspapers realized creation identity needed order effective person concepts reject concepts add elements course process continuous learn important thing defining accepting peoples views process awareness slow gradual black movement greatly aided process called attention legitimate problems took positive steps solutions maybe changed movement helped lessen isolation felt minorities publicly focusing common problems parents born united states put american concentration camps war ii
strange thing happened number major streets communist chinese cities walls plastered brightly painted slogans calling end american imperialism magic walls painted occasion visit united states president richard nixon soon historic visit earlier signs reappeared united states called imperialist nation imperialism word meanings word refers stronger nation gaining control weaker term describe spread power authority actual taking land historian vann woodward called imperialism elastic term word evil meanings says freely word convenient form verbal shorthand tell gulf nations took lack want nations label imperialist protect extend interests try influence nations unsolved problems questions influence proper forms influence acceptable colonial imperialism historically meant actual occupation rule territory colony foreign nation political imperialism means diplomacy military force influence internal affairs weaker nation economic imperialism means controlling key aspects powerful nation economy social cultural imperialism includes impact culture especially impact uninvited
recommended priming pump term method getting water flow hand pump prime start pump pouring bucket water pump handle according pump priming theory government pours money hiring parks public buildings roads public works projects money circulate help parts economy hoover supported idea pump priming believed economists government leaders government spend large federal debt considered extremely irresponsible dangerous december hoover took drastic action moved nation policy pump priming hoover recommendation congress created reconstruction finance corporation government money loaned banks railroads industries move hope business start projects hire workers money spend money trickle top pockets depression hoover plan real difference banks trouble money put operations working order loans companies hired workers unemployment continued grow thirteen million unemployed help distressed farmers federal farm board encouraged farmers volunteer plant fewer acres prices goods rise
say depression finally ended say significant gains business activity greatly increased unemployment cut half roosevelt overwhelmingly re elected opponent alfred landon getting electoral votes roosevelt hoover believed balancing budget extremely important reduced government spending result depression struck unemployment rose million million economy slumped argue depression ended business activity reached early level heavy government spending billion dollars worth millions remained unemployed economists feel depression end united states entered war ii millions americans uniform factories producing war materials massive unemployment finally disappear roosevelt record controversial leader helped millions needy revolutionized role government measures pulled nation worst depression completed job war ii occurred chilling atmosphere fear gripped nation roosevelt term eager follow leader promised action end suffering dictators persuading masses try socialism roosevelt tried control abuses capitalism preserving system
ten trade treaty enabled japan buy needed supplies united states end trade agreement tension japan mounted relations worsened september formation german italian japanese axis mutual support pact united states stopped shipments steel scrap iron japan forcing japan look war supplies july japanese invaded indochina aiming rich oil reserves nearby dutch east indies present indonesia united states cut shipments aviation fuel japan warned japanese halt aggression american embargo posed threat japanese leaders hampered japanese plans military conquest debate japanese cabinet october militant group leaders gained control government japanese leaders prepared attack japanese officials negotiated washington american government japanese wanted united states supply oil resume regular trade stop helping china indochina british dutch australians chinese urged americans decisive action american military leaders wanted united states stall roosevelt resolved firm american answer japanese suggest japan give territorial gains designs desperate war supplies running japan felt abandon plans conquest move rapidly
exile cuba algeria france black panther leader eldridge cleaver returned united states fled charged violating parole felt fair trial explains asked want return united states opportunity explain left place lots believe left preferred live communist country communist countries later find grass greener communist side fence stand locked gates paradise scorned begging let let clarify chips fateful uniting upsurge black americans oppressive features system gargantuan huge popular opposition indochina wars fabulous era progress opening coping problems unleashed watergate opened creative era american democracy believe american regardless politics duty re examine beliefs true active extremes political spectrum developed psychology opposition pause sum experiences recognize sense playing brand ball game
shirley chisholm black woman elected congress campaigned democratic party presidential nomination selection congresswoman chisholm sums plan action obvious black americans longer look struggle full participation american society isolated class groups discrimination blacks color skin destructive basic civil rights discrimination groups religion creed sex sexual orientation discrimination instance hold power drawing petty unreasonable barriers purpose denying equal participation allowed compete freely system threaten status power holders hope oppressed groups unite challenge forces hold power country effort requires groups minorities women consumers demand representation high councils establishment requires forget role playing seek allow persons engage suited intellectual physical abilities means blacks realize groups face discrimination reasons interest willing join forces breaking petty unreasonable barriers fully productive careers mainstream american
scene television studio event apollo space flight walking moon honor commentators arthur clarke moon crater informally named title clarke science fiction stories age space vehicles moon exploration arrived science fiction fact future present thousands attempted predict future astrologers study motion sun moon planets determine influence destiny earth fortune tellers look decks cards tea leaves creases individual hand determine future person chinese predictors find ching book key rise fall individuals governments sir thomas englishman wrote utopia desperately needed united states millions traveled search promising future accounts perfect societies plans utopias recurring themes journey rapid development science technology inspired writers edgar allan poe jules verne edward bellamy wells poe imagined balloon trip moon verne journeys center earth living quarters sea rockets moon looking backward edward bellamy portrayed values humane
bottom cliff cape prince wales alaska big pile bones bones woolly mammoth kind elephant lived prehistoric times size pile bones easy accident animals cliff remains scientists historians learned earliest americas say hunting eating meat caused stampede woolly mammoths cliffs scientists historians believe earliest americas hunted woolly mammoths americas totally surrounded water nearby land land nearest american continents geologists scientists study land formations think thousands ago land bridge siberia russia alaska north america today narrow body water separating russia alaska called bering strait bering strait islands part land bridge crossed land bridge geologists believe north america covered large sheets moving ice glaciers ice age lasted million glaciers known wisconsin glacier ice free corridor east rocky mountains humans easily travel
number mounds dot country mississippi river east archeologists scientists study culture ancient think mounds built graves burials archeologists builders mounds hopewell culture hopewell culture extended present kansas york gulf mexico wisconsin mounds built purpose mystery mounds graves building mounds took human labor carry basket basket dirt mound formed serpent mound ohio extends feet centimeters length mounds vary size feet centimeters high famous burial mounds serpent mound hillsboro ohio temple mound madison wisconsin mounds georgia hopewell site south central ohio burial mounds showed remains burials bones archeologists found offerings include arrowheads copper shell jewelry bear teeth pottery pipes hoes spades weapons needles animal bone wood stone carvings humans animals remains artifacts archeologists tried put picture lives early native americans arrowheads bone needles suggest hunted meat animal skins clothing
sir francis drake english sea captain admired spirit adventure daring fear unknown sailed attacking robbing spanish ships drake grew farming community father preacher disagreed established religion preached beliefs result drake family lived poverty accepted community francis learned reading writing father worked ship owner learned handle ship properly captain drake sailed slave trade voyages spanish west indies trip partner ship attacked spanish ships destroyed drake hated spanish robbed spanish ships relations england spain drake adventures popular england queen gave permission raids secretly money carry sake diplomacy drake raids appeared private ventures drake received honors adventures english captain sail queen elizabeth honored making knight elected member parliament tensions grew spain england drake ships acted english navy queen elizabeth fleet ships capture loot spanish owned santo domingo
colonial merchants reacted townshend acts nonimportation agreements refused buy british goods began plan manufacturing colonies future dependent trade england massachusetts legislature realized colonies learn order stop english parliament clamping freedom letter drawn sam adams known circular letter legislatures letter outlined plans taking action taxes november pennsylvanian named john dickinson published series articles called letters farmer pennsylvania inhabitants british colonies letters loyal colonist oppose taxes levied raising money regulating trade stand parliament laws stand liberty articles published newspapers colonies ten printings pamphlet form appeared colonies europe question freedom colonies public question colonies organized groups called sons liberty argument english tried annoyance samuel adams cousin john adams john hancock merchant known tried argument front public
winter spent philadelphia british enjoyed active social point decided launch surprise attack american camp whitemarsh north city quaker woman named lydia darragh happened overhear discussing plans excuse family flour lydia left home mill able pass general howe british lines fact mill stopping lydia continued snow reached american camp warning delivered mill picked flour sack returned home guessed british arrived whitemarsh found americans ready waiting british counted surprise attack simply turned marched philadelphia firing shot thanks lydia darragh americans spared attack ended winter valley forge harsh washington army supplies washington unable congress private citizens provide food clothing soldiers left home joined british philadelphia remained die cold general howe attacked americans valley forge war british fight wintertime
choice words opening constitution left decisions document committee style arrangement put clearest smoothest language pennsylvanian gouverneur morris separate articles organized morris choice words express purpose constitution introduction preamble notice preamble says states clearly puts idea national federal government grown directly consent verbs wonderful examples stronger government supposed able form establish insure provide promote secure ordain symbols united states going citizens delegates articles confederation expression fear article half length entire constitution took half summer put article major arguments settled article strong government small states protected larger parts article looked convention spent making plan presented week edmund randolph virginia
james madison trusted constitution master compromise succeeded jefferson presidency madison found unable compromises groups putting pressure united states americans wanted war british french madison lured napoleon thinking french leave american ships madison closed united states ports british shipping action help united states french continued attack american ships british stepped attacks american ships impressment seamen fooled napoleon madison difficult position home afraid caught growing differences westerners england west wanted war britain england merchants supplier customer britain want war madison sections madison sure took events hands shawnee chief tecumseh fanatic brother known prophet lived wabash river mouth tippecanoe river tecumseh felt pushed american general william henry harrison governor indiana territory harrison took land native americans tecumseh moved form confederacy tribes east mississippi river considering differences eastern tribes tecumseh move organized highly political idea
left powerful creek tribe started west known trail tears shoes coats cherokees tried petition government change policy army general winfield scott survivors divided groups died trip van buren president van buren jackson reported congress government behavior friendly native americans removed moved territory tribes belonged language groups structure tribes totally upset government officials agreements whichever native americans speak english try find person ranked tribe tribes nomadic hunters moved lands farming tribes trouble broke tribes fragments tribes stayed east cherokee choctaw creek south passamaquoddy narragansett north native americans adapted reservation lands tribes cherokee settled organized beginning chief sequoyah alphabet cherokee language tribal newspapers printed inform educate tribe tribes developed written languages
free schools deaf existed america school established hartford connecticut thomas hopkins gallaudet born philadelphia gallaudet moved family hartford attended yale college later andover theological seminary ill health prevented minister gallaudet turned energies direction met deaf child named alice tried teach names objects gallaudet read articles education deaf persuaded alice father regular teacher impressed gallaudet interest concern problems educating deaf group friends raised money send gallaudet europe study methods schools gallaudet spent months studying special school deaf paris returned america frenchman named teacher school paris able raise money found school deaf children gallaudet served principal school trained later heads schools deaf sophia fowler gallaudet pupils school wife shortly graduated sons thomas amos shared parents concern deaf
capital cities confederacy union miles kilometers battle civil war fought union army washington capture richmond break confederate government lincoln thought easy search south rest confederate army finish job quickly turn crossing potomac river union army met confederate force bull run manassas junction july map page confederate army large union confederate general thomas jackson took troops hill easily defended stood stone wall union troops advanced jackson gave signal blood curdling rebel yell southern army southerners fired guns point blank range charged bayonets northerners retreated washington battle bull run shock union northerners sure victory packed picnic baskets washington watch battle luckily north stonewall jackson follow army washington southern strategy defend territory conquer lincoln find general battle plan chose george mcclellan
railroad town grew city cities planned part development railroad billings montana city built combination railroad land developer fact land developer herman clark named city frederick billings president northern pacific railroad plans city laid site high safe flood waters yellowstone river close government survey line give town railroad land place allowed streets laid parks planned building lots farm land set advance land advertised residents east st paul chicago york railroad reached billings later city ready bank organized help wanted cattle business cattle ranches grew billings trading center jobs billings centered railroad repairs building road construction entertainment town billings saloons pool halls dance halls skating rinks opera house traveling companies boston comic opera company town brass band german orchestral band mckee italian band military band army fort custer
carnegie believed side fact rich thought america qualified money power money power decisions carnegie asked answer won competition mergers customers profits carnegie knew competition power hurt result worth competition hard individual makes sure survival fittest carnegie view rich duty society rich give money society form gifts individuals afford colleges public libraries concert halls hospitals public parks swimming pools carnegie favorite gift library open public public library place boy girl matter poor learn minds lived carnegie gave library native town scotland gave million build public libraries city york gave pittsburgh large central library building branch libraries lifetime carnegie carnegie corporation gave total million building libraries
thousands japanese americans born japan american citizens called issei children course american citizens born america known nisei months pearl harbor army commander west coast message washington stated large japanese population west california real military danger response number newspapers members congress parties demanded american citizens japanese descent removed west coast area feared japanese americans help japanese troops invasion mainland united states president roosevelt idea relocation centers set utah wyoming arizona colorado japanese americans war physically punished lost homes jobs remained loyal united states february nisei asked allowed serve army japanese american mike spoke congressional hearing emergency past asking special privileges concessions ask opportunity sharing common lot americans peace war american boys fighting franklin roosevelt wanted term president
civil rights movement changed method focus early national association advancement colored sponsored case case court action law suits group method bringing racial integration marched protested voter registration south college students country core known freedom workers black mississippi james meredith sued federal courts admission university governor refused obey court order allow meredith admission president kennedy federal marshals troops enforce hundred white black freedom workers took freedom walks mississippi showing believed integration worked southern blacks registered vote fighting broke freedom workers killed nation aware hard change ways southerners supported civil rights upset strangers coming states pointed northerners cities segregated housing job discrimination places eisenhower kennedy talked met prior kennedy inauguration cuba march eisenhower directed american intelligence service central intelligence agency bring large number cuban exiles united states
summer details watergate brought open leadership sam ervin jr senate investigating committee disclosed president advisors tried cover facts break democratic headquarters watergate office president deliberately lied american nixon attorney general hired cox harvard law professor investigate watergate affair cox demanded president turn tape recordings private conversations nixon afraid give tapes truth watergate fired special prosecutor cox united states supreme court ruled president turn tapes anyway house representatives judiciary committee took question guilty watergate affair committee declared president officially conspirator watergate cover chief aides john jail house judiciary committee voted articles impeachment recommend congress article stated nixon policy cover watergate burglary obstruction justice accused agents president including white house plumbers planned burglaries unlawful eavesdropping part pattern massive persistent abuse power political purposes charge contempt congress defying requests information judiciary committee
list kinds energy includes magnetism electrical energy heat light sound nuclear energy forms energy supply forces tasks equally effective jobs requiring large forces driving trains lifting elevators forms energy supply small forces case sound energy ordinarily aware fact sounds things move loud sound explosion notice objects set vibration windows actually shattered vibrations clear sound providing forces objects move forces accompanying ordinary sounds smaller important daily lives tiny forces eardrums vibrate hear sounds sun source energy disposal today energy comes form heat light rays common radiation radiant energy sun radiation supplies energy makes plants grow insures food supply warms earth responsible clouds winds rain weather phenomena agent replenishes water supply streams rivers obtain water power major large scale sources energy
continue study measurement important note measurement approximation represents obtained measurement instruments suppose measure thickness plate glass means meter stick means micrometer caliper smallest unit meter stick millimeter meter stick find thickness glass considerably millimeters millimeters estimate thickness millimeters turning micrometer caliper find measure length nearest hundredth millimeter find thickness glass millimeters measurements quantity approximations true thickness glass approximation describe accuracy measurement case noting digits obtained actual measurement digits called significant figure number significant figures measurement accurate meter stick measurement millimeters significant figures sure measurement correct doubtful read tenths millimeter meter stick directly estimate accurate measurement millimeters obtained micrometer caliper significant figures
found resultant velocities vector addition velocities add question ask frequently sure assuming relationships true question generally answered appeal experience experiment test relationship actual situations tests varied tests relationship actually works confidence similar tests actually absolutely sure works situation actually tested relationship works tests restate relationship limited situations applies common method testing relationship prediction actual observation agrees prediction case addition velocities acting boat predict construction vector triangle fig boat resultant velocity miles hour direction shown test prediction boat cross river conditions measuring actual resultant velocity find miles hour predicted direction demonstration velocities add vectors
colliding billiard balls illustrate method study collisions particles nuclear physics means wilson cloud chambers bubble chambers photographic plates pictures collisions tiny particles electrons protons neutrons atomic subatomic particles law conservation momentum enables interpret collisions obtain information fig straight lines paths cloud chamber alpha particles fired left alpha particle nucleus atom helium alpha charged particles paths passing cloud chamber moist air airplane flying high altitude makes fog trail note alpha particle struck unknown body downward unknown body moved upward direction mass alpha particle velocity find momentum total momentum collision equal vector sum momentum alpha particle momentum unknown body collision making vector diagram exactly case colliding balls determine momentum unknown body momentum alpha particle collision velocity unknown body determined means compute mass identify
launch satellite projected altitude miles fired nearly horizontally velocity required orbit previously selected satellites generally launched stage rockets simplest form device consists stages large rocket attached smaller rocket satellite put orbit nose smaller rocket large rocket fired carries smaller rocket satellite planned altitude large rocket stage eventually falling earth smaller rocket continues upward reaches altitude selected orbit level fires horizontally giving satellite nose velocity put orbit satellite higher initial horizontal velocity needed put circular orbit goes elliptical orbit higher initial velocity rocket longer ellipse travels launching velocity high rocket escape earth entirely space minimum horizontal velocity rocket escape earth called escape velocity velocity miles hour readily achieved spacecraft missions involving escape earth
body possesses energy stored form readily noticeable called potential energy define potential energy ability body relative position parts position respect bodies wound clock spring potential energy relative position parts leaves tense condition spring stored energy paid gradually running clock object distance floor ground potential energy relative position respect earth body allowed fall earth gravitational attraction pulls downward enables move objects reason energy stored body referred gravitational potential energy raised weight pile driver allowed fall gravitational potential energy drive pile ground similarly raised weights grandfather clock fall floor running clock large scale water stored dams gravitational potential energy high position respect place empties potential energy furnish needed electric powerhouses run water turbines operate generators furnish electricity potential energy body measured able position position parts allowed change
kinetic theory began defining ideal gas obeys general gas law range pressures temperatures obeyed gases conditions temperature pressure model molecular ideal gas behavior model predicted terms motions collisions molecules model suggested kelvin temperature ideal gas proportional average kinetic energy molecules assuming interpretation temperature shown model ideal gas predicts general gas law consequence motions collisions molecules real gas behaves approximately ideal gas limited range temperatures pressures molecular behavior model gas insight molecular behavior real gases conditions ideal gas model simple explain facts behavior real gases high pressure low temperature explain real gases differ closeness obey general gas law model revised behavior correspond closely real gases purpose book look revisions needed mentioned briefly ideal gas model ignores sizes molecules negligibly small
reconcile fact light diffracted edges object fact observed travel straight lines answer lies size opening size obstacle light passes light diffracted passing edge object beam light passes large opening falls screen effects diffraction slightly increasing size spot screen blurring boundaries small noticed brightness size spot result light observed travel straight lines situation straight line paths light noted point source light forms shadow large object screen effects diffraction light edges object negligible compared size shadow brightness area light passes small opening small object effects diffraction important cases bending light edges opening object produces effect significant factor determining pattern light dark areas formed light falls screen historically opposing theories advanced explain straight line motion light hand diffraction edges bodies openings
refraction light passing air glass studied means optical disc apparatus shown fig narrow beam light representing ray obtained passing parallel sided beam light spotlight narrow slit narrow beam allowed enter half circular plate glass angles diameter path ray observed white background angular scale ray entering glass called incident ray entered glass called refracted ray case fig incident ray passes air glass angles glass surface case ray continues glass changing direction case fig incident ray enters glass obliquely measure angle ray strikes glass normal line drawn perpendicular glass surface point light ray strikes seen ray divides parts reflected ray returns air glass surface accordance law reflection refracted ray direction bending normal enters glass angle incident ray normal called angle incidence angle refracted ray normal called angle refraction
early known amber rubbed cloth attracts small bits material kinds amber ability attract resembles natural magnet known lodestone attraction lodestones magnets limited mainly objects iron amber rubbed cloth attracts substances sixteenth century methodical study curious property amber william gilbert physician elizabeth queen england found substances act amber acquiring ability attract light objects rubbed substances gilbert called substances electrics comes greek word electron meaning amber subsequently shown body acquires ability attract small bits matter rubbed body bodies showing attracting property electric charge electrified electric charges electrified bodies rest referred stationary static electricity familiar household electric circuits electric charges motion streams moving charges known electric currents typical charged body rubbing rod hard rubber fur charge rubber rod revealed fact attracts small uncharged pieces wood metal paper materials general electrically charged body attracts objects uncharged
liquids vary ability conduct electricity crude device testing ability electrolytic cell shown fig conductors called electrodes immersed liquid tested connected terminals battery carbon platinum electrodes react chemically liquids tested electrode connected positive battery terminal called anode electrode connected negative battery terminal called cathode lamp included circuit show qualitative current flowing liquids tested circuit lamp glows brightly conduct electricity conduct poorly kinds liquids found conductors liquid metals mercury molten silver belong class solutions called electrolytes mentioned connection voltaic cell important electrolytes water solutions acids bases salts pure water poor conductor seen current passing metal flow electrons flows electrolytic solution current passes answer question suppose hydrochloric acid solution molecules atom hydrogen atom chlorine put electrolytic cell shown fig current flows solution hydrogen gas collects negative electrode cathode chlorine gas collects positive electrode anode
electric circuits transfer electrical energy supplied battery generator devices lamps heaters radios motors devices convert electrical energy light heat sound mechanical forms understand transfer occurs consider current metal conductors carrying current flowing steadily direction called steady direct current circuit current consists flow free electrons circuit fig consists iron wire connecting negative positive terminals battery battery sets constant difference potential terminals piling maintaining constant negative charge terminal constant positive charge influence difference potential electrons flow wire negative positive terminal battery moves electrons inside positive negative terminal begin round trip circuit operation electrical circuit similar ways operation mechanical circuit fig steel balls represent electrons upper level top staircase represents negative terminal battery lower level bottom staircase represents positive terminal difference electrical potential energy battery terminals represented difference gravitational potential energy resulting difference height top bottom staircase
general atom absorb photons light energies exactly quantity move electron orbit happens orbit higher energy photons absorbed atom frequencies atom emits excited bohr atomic model explains atoms vapor element absorb exactly frequencies light emit excited dark lines absorption spectra observed laboratory absorption lines sun spectrum produced manner bohr model atom brilliantly successful explaining precisely emission absorption light hydrogen atoms atoms ions structure approximates hydrogen atom model unable deal complicated atoms electrons considered task finding allowable orbits electrons proved formidable idea electron moving allowable orbits easily imagined agree known wave nature electron seen chapter electron motion position determined matter wave instant electron definite possibility points wave front impossible assign specific path orbit electron atom
practical point view important fact atomic nucleus constitutes limitless supply energy disposal today energy atomic nuclei put generating electricity providing heat powering ships means transportation industrial processes advancing frontiers knowledge field scientific research coupled glittering promise threat annihilation powerful nuclear bombs developed give means destroying created built ages chief business assure promise threat nuclear energy realized let re review picture atom developed noted atoms combinations basic particles electrons protons neutrons electrons elementary negative charges protons equal positive charges neutrons uncharged complete atom exactly protons electrons electrically neutral electrons atom circulate nucleus contained space meter diameter protons neutrons atom located tiny nucleus occupies volume atom atom mainly empty space practically mass located nucleus number protons nucleus atom equal number extra nuclear electrons contained atom atomic number
sun radiates enormous quantities energy measurable change mass temperature rate radiation centuries clear sun generates abundance energy process called nuclear fusion nuclear fusion nuclei light elements hydrogen deuterium combine form heavier nuclei typical series fusion reactions hydrogen nuclei combine form helium nucleus calculation shows mass helium nucleus sum hydrogen nuclei formed loss mass reaction nuclear fission lost mass converted energy according relationship nuclear fusion reaction liberates enormous quantities energy nuclear fusion reactions place high temperatures called thermonuclear reactions sun conditions thermonuclear reactions ideal large supply hydrogen nuclei temperature pressure extremely high series processes equivalent continual fusing hydrogen helium nuclei takes place release vast quantities energy energy results conversion negligible percent sun mass gradual loss mass sun noticeable earth abundance hydrogen nuclear fusion holds possibility giving practically inexhaustible supply energy chief problem releasing energy provide conditions high temperature pressure nuclear fusion place
based information collect hypothesis wrong hypothesis educated guess making guess called forming hypothesis information bulb rattle shake think bulb burned maybe information things plugged outlet electrical things house case think fuse needs replacing forming hypothesis choose believe explanation wrong step test hypothesis formed testing called experimenting thought bulb burned test hypothesis putting bulb thought fuse blown test hypothesis checking fuse scientific method end experiment observe results test observing senses hear smell touch taste senses give clues test suppose replaced bulb light based hypothesis observation involve seeing bulb solved problem light worked experiments observations easy remember record observations notebook
living things jumble kinds cells cells organized pattern living thing cell cell activities reproducing growing energy living thing cells cells organized pattern cells specialists specialist means special job cells form lining small intestine small intestine type cell muscle cells muscle cells job lining cells small intestine looks groups cells muscle lining called tissues tissues large groups cells job muscle tissue small intestine intestine change shape food passes lining tissue helps protect inside intestine makes chemicals aid digestion small intestine called organ body organ group tissues works job body organs kinds tissue organ small intestine job small intestine main job digest food small intestine act digesting food stomach mouth large intestine liver organs food digestion group organs perform job called organ system
scientists aristotle classification hundreds living things discovered aristotle system helpful plants animals found scientists began question aristotle system idea shape divide plants didn shape dividing animals scientist linnaeus reworked system classification aristotle early ideas added divided living things main groups aristotle called groups kingdoms kingdom largest division living things plants kingdom animals kingdom linnaeus continued divide kingdoms group kingdom called phylum phylum largest division kingdom size grouping specific traits based appearance parts phyla divided smaller groups groups called classes class largest division phylum divided smaller groups main divisions modern classification system divisions largest smallest shown linnaeus number important aristotle system plants animals classified divisions division kingdom species based specific traits names group tell trait forming group
algae protists food algae food plants chlorophyll seen kinds algae maybe looking green scum forms inside aquarium algae look closely aquarium left algae seaweeds ocean algae green hairlike strands seen ponds streams algae seen algae growing mud puddles kinds algae cell size basketball court found water kinds grow land types algae grouped traits including color blue green green red brown yellow let look algae features type study blue green blue green algae traits bacteria lack nuclei cell parts mitochondria type blue green algae size bacteria bacteria blue green algae carry respiration cell division blue green algae materials cells carry processes lack cell parts note blue green algae bacteria cell structure blue green algae classified bacteria traits classification
eating animals humans eating pleasant activity needed steer snake pleasant activity important snake eating certainly pleasant mouse animals eat animals eat basically reason food bodies food important part eating food needed living things provide energy things moving getting rid wastes pumping body blood food supplies raw materials needed form cells growth repair body tissues food live foods eaten animals form provide energy raw materials foods broken small chunks finally tiny particles called molecules foods small size cells absorb breaking foods job digestive system digestion breaking food usable molecules told digestive system factory believe factory factory raw materials brought raw materials changed factory factory comes product let look product factory steel metal products cans cars tools
activity larger heavier person calories smaller thinner person person kg calories walking hour kg calories walking amount energy needed activity calories person activity kg person calories standing hour person calories hour playing tennis playing tennis active type activity standing course activity active easier calories needed looking number calories help understand person gain lose weight suppose ate calories food calories took calories happened extra calories extra calories stored fat taking calories main problems overweight earlier person needs balance nutrients balance calls carbohydrates diet amount carbohydrate foods body activities remain weight stay carbohydrates needed result gain weight
signs common learned read follow brains able read understand signs open bottle perfume pleasant odor guitar give hours pleasant sound able tell odor sound brains actually brains interpret smell hear think difficult catch bird impossible catch bird sees bird brain message moving nearby messages animal brain wings bird flies protecting bird nervous system involved bird escape animals nervous systems brain nerve cells carry messages body part sense organs eyes ears sense organs pick information surroundings nerve cells send information brain brain interprets information sends information body parts carries messages nervous system works telephone wires body millions special cells called neurons neurons nerve cells cells wires carry messages part body thick telephone cable single wires bunched side side
brain controls body organs brain controls organs help breathe pump blood brain controls actions moving body parts arms legs control breathing organs heart blood pressure involuntary actions involuntary actions actions think brain controls moving arms legs fingers toes voluntary actions voluntary actions actions control brain organs body parts human brain main parts jobs cerebrum largest part brain cerebrum part brain controls thought reason stores information stored information called memory cerebrum receives messages senses part cerebrum send messages body muscle actions caused cerebrum voluntary cerebrum divided left sides control body muscles brain top view looks picture guess left side brain controls muscles body left side brain side controls body side true brain side sends messages muscles left side receives messages body left side brain left side sends receives messages body side animals nervous systems show pattern
point bones called joint types joints body type movement movement knee elbow examples hinge joints bones joined hinge joints move turn twist knee elbow joints upper arm meets shoulder upper leg bone meets pelvis ball socket joints type joint twist turn bones meet move arm full circle move shoulder upper arm joined hinge joint skull joints bones joints move bones glued skull bones moved problems skeletal system problems joints move arthritis disease bone joints type arthritis results breaking bone joints result pain swelling diseased joint person able bend part body today help problems persons arthritis artificial joints plastic metal replace diseased joints doctors success replacing joints body hip joint sprains injuries occur bone joints
stems food stems able food green stems green chlorophyll outer layers chlorophyll green stems able food photosynthesis stems support leaves leaves main organ making food supported stem leaves receive sunlight needed photosynthesis eaten asparagus eaten stem tasted food stored stem storing food function stems food stored cortex cells stem think stems eaten stems store food store water plants live dry areas stems store large amounts water cactus plant stores lot water stem stems important transporting food water food leaves moves stem roots food leaves roots die water roots moves stem leaves water roots leaves able food plant die biologists sure water moves upward plant theory explains think happens water idea theory water moves plant water moves paper towel
impossible show sizes leaves leaves small recall leaf big letter leaf royal water lily hand size door tropical trees leaves story building high thin flat part leaf called leaf blade blades leaves thin blades thick pencils leaf blades don look leaves leaf blades pine trees look needles don look window kinds plants shaped leaves look grass leaves describe shape grass leaves think plants leaves shaped grass leaves notice leaf shapes picture close look leaves picture shapes kinds edges leaves smooth edge toothed edge leaves toothed edge size amount teeth edge leaves arranged stem plants matter arranged leaves overlap overlapping leaf able receive sunlight
close look inside parts flower parts inside flower reproductive structures flowers shown picture male female reproductive parts remember plants flowers male female parts notice tube shaped part center flower tube shaped part called style base style large rounded part part called ovary ovary female sex organ produces eggs female part flower thin threadlike parts male reproductive parts flower top structures sacs shaped balloons pollen grains sacs pollen grain male reproductive part flower sperm flowering plant egg sperm join fertilization place sperm pollen grain egg ovary pollen grains land tip style tip style sticky pollen grains stick land style pollen grains begin grow tube style eggs ovary tube growing pollen grain sperm soon growing tube comes contact egg ovary sperm released
pictures show environments tell pictures environments list living things picture list nonliving things picture specific place earth living nonliving things found called ecological system ecosystem ecosystem place living nonliving things study ecosystem study living nonliving things pick pictures look closely answer questions picture living things picture affect nonliving things affect living things living things affect nonliving things studying pictures studying bit ecology word ecology comes greek language means home means study ecology means study home ecology study living nonliving things ecosystem affect biotic parts ecosystem living parts plants animals protists let look forest plants animals familiar lower hand corner forest shows section soil section enlarged found easily seen soil filled mainly protists bacteria molds mushrooms let rid nonliving parts picture
soil ecosystem jobs anchor plants chemicals needed plants chemicals nutrients plants important soil nutrients needed plants called nitrates nitrates chemical compounds element nitrogen nitrates soil biotic abiotic parts ecosystem depend nitrates soil plants nitrogen nitrogen directly nitrogen air plants able nitrogen air plants die bacteria molds help decompose plants decomposing nitrogen changed nitrates action protists nitrates left soil plants source nitrogen cycle repeats plants eaten animals die eaten plants animals ate die nitrogen bodies returned soil form nitrates reusing nitrogen ecosystem called nitrogen cycle able abiotic biotic parts ecosystem depend nitrogen cycle abiotic parts nitrogen soil biotic parts plants animals protists plants need nitrogen grow animals need plants food
let stages succession pond dry land community start pond clearly water community deep wide plants growing water close banks young trees appearing banks later pond deep deep material dead plants piling bottom pond deep plants begin growing bottom close banks water fish pond animals turtles frogs live water part begin increase number notice young trees banks grown larger fifty later pond shallow smaller dead material piles bottom sides pond slowly filled kinds plants pond notice kinds plants changing pond totally filled plants large trees mark pond shore younger smaller trees grasses growing water notice animals appearing total pond community
winter morning ago days found standing fireplace warming hands mound glowing coals listening wind whistle past house morning mother scolding telling warning noise angry fretful impatient room granny lay ill night care doctor knew punished obey crossed restlessly window pushed fluffy white curtains forbidden touch looked empty street dreaming running playing shouting vivid image granny white wrinkled grim face framed halo tumbling black hair lying huge feather pillow afraid house quiet brother younger playing placidly floor toy bird wheeled past window greeted glad shout hush brother shut mother stepped briskly room closed door shook finger face stop yelling hear whispered granny sick quiet hung head sulked left ached boredom
triumph father believe words literally punish risking authority happy found throw criticism face feel whipped killing kitten give weight words felt cruel punishing mother imaginative retaliated assault sensibilities crushed moral horror involved taking afternoon directed calculated words spawned mind horde invisible demons bent exacting vengeance evening drew anxiety filled afraid empty room owe debt pay mother sorry mumbled sorry kitten live bed uttered paralyzing injunction ordered dark dig grave bury kitten screamed feeling doors evil spirit whisk bury poor kitten ordered scared wasn kitten scared put rope neck asked
neighborhood school children afternoons stop play en route homes leave books sidewalk thumb pages question baffling black print learned recognize words told mother wanted learn read encouraged soon able pick children books ran grew consuming curiosity happening mother home hard question relentlessly heard streets refused talk cold morning mother awakened told coal house taking brother job remain bed coal ordered delivered payment coal left note money dresser scarf sleep awakened ringing doorbell opened door let coal gave money note brought bushels coal lingered asking cold yes shivering fire sat smoked change owe asked
playing doors front house accidentally looked road saw herd elephants coming slowly naked terror felt seen soldiers strange creatures moving slowly silently suggestion threat edged cautiously steps house holding ready run prove violent appeared strange elephants feet saw faces faces stared mind trying adjust memory reality kind saw lines creatures looked side road white faces black faces saw white faces faces white dressed ordinary clothing black faces wearing elephant clothing strange animals abreast saw legs black animals held irons arms linked heavy chains clanked softly musically moved black creatures digging shallow ditch side road working silently grunting lifted spades earth flung middle roadway
aunt maggie mother earn feed stomach consistently empty head ached afternoon hunger haunted acutely decided sell dog betsy buy food betsy tiny white fluffy poodle washed dried combed looked toy tucked arm white neighborhood wide clean streets big white houses door door ringing bells white slammed door face told rear house pride let finally young white woman door smiled want asked want buy pretty dog asked let took dog arms fondled kissed betsy cute want dollar wait minute let dollar took betsy house waited porch marveling cleanliness quietness white orderly felt place desire live remembered houses homes lived white negroes leave homes flee night
grown taller older older boys pay admittance company subscribing racial sentiments touchstone fraternity feeling white hostility held degrees honor assigned race premeditated sprang spontaneously talk black boys met crossroads degrading play girls talk relegated remote island caught spirit role sex flocked common moral schooling spoke boastfully bass voices word nigger prove tough fiber feelings spouted excessive profanity sign coming manhood pretended callousness injunctions parents strove convince decisions stemmed frantically concealed dependent afternoon school let saunter street idly kicking empty tin knocking stick palings wooden fence whistling stumble gang loitering corner standing field sitting steps house hey timidly eat uneasily trying conversation yeah fed face casually
noon aunt addie ordered pop whip played game fell faith formed line boy taking hold boy hand stretched string human beads tip end human whip leading boy handle whip started trot weaving left increasing speed whip flesh curving breakneck gallop clutched hand boy strength sensing hold tossed whip grew taut human flesh bone bear felt arm torn socket suddenly breath left swung small sharp arc whip popped hold momentum whip flung feet air bit leather flicked hurtled headlong space landed ditch rolled stunned head bruised bleeding aunt addie laughing saw laugh god holy ground home granny maintained hard religious regime prayers sunup sundown breakfast table dinner table bible verse member family
longer set sinful felt breathe live released prison cosmic images dread external reality quivering daily brooding trying foolishly pray run roam mingle boys girls feel home share common satisfy hunger live granny aunt addie changed giving lost told dead blood lived dead urgent solicitude dropped coldness hostility mother meantime recovered maintained interest urging study hard squandered freedom brought problems needed textbooks wait months obtain granny buy worldly books clothes despair hostile granny aunt addie ordered wash iron clothes eating skimpy adjusted starch lard greens diet school feeling depended learning getting entered jim hill public school unbroken study exception church school begun school term happened disrupt
saw leap eyes explore meant going home school wandering watching asking talking home eat plate greens granny allowed penalty paid roaming forfeit food twelve hours eat mush morning greens later night starve order learn environment irrational books slung shoulder tramp gang woods rivers creeks business district doors movies slip paying neighborhood ball games brick kilns lumberyards mills watch hours hunger weak sway walking heart give sudden wild spurt beating shake body breathless happiness free lift hunger enable discipline sensations body extent temporarily forget class tall black rebellious boy bright studies utterly fearless assertion break morale class moment clowning teacher found adequate handling
summer bright hot days hunger vital part consciousness passing relatives hallways crowded home speaking eating silence table prayers mother recovering slowly definitely crippled able enter school september loneliness reading job hunting vague hopes going north mother left queer house fare strange city doubt fear friends buying pants suits cost seventeen twenty dollars sum huge alps reality word brickyard hiring investigate frail weighing hundred pounds noon sneaked yard walked aisles damp clean smelling clay barrow full wet bricks machine shaped caught hold handles barrow barely able lift weighed times stronger heavier later asked questions found water boy missing ran office hired walked hot sun lugging big zinc pail laboring gang black dollar lift tin dipper lips swallow rinse mouth spit drink slow gulps sweat dripped dipper
summer problem hunting job told woman working mrs needed job pay money buy clothes books school term took matter husband foreman sawmill want mill asked yes sir put hands arms lifted floor bundle feathers re light maybe problem soberly heavy dangerous silent knew considered matter closed things whites blacks south important things openly understated left seep turn leave room standing silent asking reconsider telling wanted try job mill finally mill morning don think mill dawn morning saw lifting huge logs tackle blocks scores buzzing steel saws biting green wood loud whines
depended finding anxious accepted offer job porter clothing store selling cheap goods negroes credit shop crowded black women pawing cheap suits dresses paid price white asked boss son clerk treated negroes open contempt pushing kicking slapping matter witnessed accept asked edge trying stifle feelings succeeding prey guilt fear felt boss suspected resented saw morning polishing brass front boss son drove car frightened black woman sat half dragged half kicked woman store white passed looked expression white policeman watched corner twirling night stick move watched corner eyes slackened strokes chamois brass moment heard shrill screams coming rear room store later woman stumbled bleeding crying holding stomach clothing torn reached sidewalk policeman met grabbed accused drunk called patrol wagon carted
worked olin watched machine later passed called look boy began told harrison nigger stay building leave protect home nigger starts home stab chance stab avoided looking remained silent suit nigger olin don say didn warn round errands deliver eyeglasses stole minutes run street talk harrison harrison sullen bashful wanting trust afraid told olin telephoned boss told tell harrison planned wait entrance building clock stab harrison found difficult look upset distrustful angry knew idea murder planted white employed told agree white urged faith lingered deep suspicion maybe trying kill
morning arrived early bank lobby negro porter mopping stood counter picked memphis commercial appeal began free reading press finally editorial page saw article dealing mencken knew hearsay editor american mercury knew article furious denunciation mencken concluding hot short sentence mencken fool wondered earth mencken call scorn south heard denounced south negroes negro ideas mencken hold newspaper commercial appeal castigate publicly undoubtedly advocating ideas south negroes criticized south knew civil war south hated northern whites encountered hate knowing mencken moment felt vague sympathy south assigned role non cast hardest words find mencken huge library riverfront knew negroes allowed patronize shelves parks playgrounds city
accidental visit aunt maggie memphis formed practical basis planning north aunt maggie husband uncle fled arkansas dead night deserted casting living mother aunt maggie brother held conferences speculating prospects jobs cost apartments chicago conferred defeated impossible money finally sheer wish hope prevailed common sense facts discovered waited prepared leave amass money gamble finally decided aunt maggie winter prepare place mother brother wait week month going loomed problem leaving job cleanly smoothly arguments scenes present fact leaving boss yes pose innocent boy tell aunt taking paralyzed mother chicago create mind impression asserting block expression dislike part act knew southern whites hated idea negroes leaving live places racial atmosphere
place wind prevailed sound throat canyon hoarse wind heaved pines passed collected cliffs phenomenon pines place wind died box canyon wake air taut trees passing trembled loss grieved mourn memory wind cotton dreamed waited early morning held kind enclosure thick posts planks bunched afraid unused penned excited close communicate odor snuffed dilated nostrils drew hot animal odor excitement horsemen gate opened shouted tried stampede gate slammed lead waited soon air split spooked remaining milled circles bending planks posts unafraid excited stimulus ear identify silence waited horsemen returned gate opened cotton let lane wire fencing free vivid morning
brood cabins nested ponderosa elevation thousand feet trees feathered plain splitlog sides shingle roofs outcropped rock thrust floor granite shale needle droppings floor walked warily circling camp reach sand road led canyon throat piney woods mile paved highway town striking road top rise stopped look cabins corral tack barn rifle range truck shed tank lights latrines cabins senior counselors director camp box canyon closed barricade cliffs cut higher range arizona mountains higher herd huge black beasts plodding patient frontier found snorting clouds bumping heaven humps hooking stars horns mogollon rim gathered cotton asked twenty minutes half hour grab hits highway ride zoom sure half didn yawned won hurry
box canyon boys camp enrollment drawn affluent metropolitan suburbs east middle west restricted rare exceptions boys thirteen sixteen age fee week session extending late june late august sixteen hundred dollars air fare send boy send cowboy camp slogan end camper assigned horse ride tend real means end competition boys immature television brains smog character making competition hone tall colicky yearlings competition weeks sixteen hundred dollars guaranteed deliver goods parents bought paid dozen deadeye westerners end week enrollment shaken teams cabins natural selection age cruelty regionalism kindred interest begun process preliminary testing rest early trials riding archery crafts swimming field sports soon winnowed wheat chaff achievers ineffectual expected summer single misfit isolate emotionally disturbed cotton group unique moved
booted full gallop unaccustomed collapse dropped pillow waited paved highway town thanking lucky stars arms legs swung let animals weave drunkard walk gravel shoulder highway blowing hard slobbering morning autumn gripped reaction school enter classroom breathing labored extreme fright interviewed principal disclosed fear safety mother home passed school psychologist quickly diagnosed relationship gerald father died slept mother twelve mother married executive machine tool company cleveland engineer adult children psychologist recommended therapy gerald parents preoccupied father young boy stepfather refused seen private mother revealed major ambivalence fragmentation hostility love natural needs son mate gerald phobia intensified dependence mother special school emotionally disturbed children shaker heights lived underwent therapy sign improvement stepfather enrolled regular school
astonished tall thin fourteen tall sixteen tilted boy walked tilted smile suddenly deal suspected lived tilted freed junior counselor overgrown nineteen called football hero town arizona rode rifle attempted peptalk shape shape general fatuous round horse ass hated hated hated authority tyranny night town night put lizard sleeping bag returned morning stuffed bed hit ceiling roared terror rage turned lights confiscated radios counselors emotionally disturbed emotionally ding didn fit space useless wanted knew excuse living pee poorest assortment bigmouth crybaby enrolled camp reason cabin counselor toe line disturb goddam emotions white coats funny farm belonged
cotton wrist clapped cap hours sooner gun thirty half hour job clock home tight hell cotton gun rolled lane road white true part dude hair traversed range open eye twenty treeless houseless humanless miles moonlight distances fans windmills twinkled turning base drink tank dark dots gather cattle grazing moonlight grass block salt impermanence love fell asleep crumpled cotton shoulder jacket temptations wailed propped knees rifle bothered cotton conscious tangible means end camp implement stirrup baseball bat night took chill oily identity purported wished brought damn thing vehemently wished sacks yesterday sleeping boy stirred mumbling protest returned dreams carnage racked cabin lights trauma compelled twelve set piney woods
thought punctured cotton exultation sighed phone cops flag worried identify junker cops radio police set roadblock tv turnoff turnoff miles floor floor ferrari face pulled bill cap wheel watched speedometer hit mph held hullabaloo engine whine tires shouted threw rod sounded miles barreled fearful blown hypnotized concrete pouring trucks cars hauls campers flitting moths lane cotton clutched petrified fingers worked hopi headband hollered thrown cabins days cotton let fourth regretted insufferable father famous sid indulged mimic victim screech chalk slate loud nervous nosy york
sorry re sorry cotton blasted hell lot brothers jumped tailgate slid seat cab lash cracked damn excuse living choked midsentence curious gathered cab window merely catatonic fits cotton sat upright wheel jaw army helmet hand grafted gearshift driving truck motive power energy generated rage refuel propel onward mother married times divorced times keeping ten younger favorite husband rich grandfatherly manufacturer ball bearings generous settlement divorce gave house rocky river membership cleveland yacht club wealthy manufacturer certainly john cotton favorite belonged fishing club quebec john ten took mother son trout flew north bay ontario float plane landed lake cabin morning john stepfather fishing boy trolling daredevil paddling canoe
moved truck bed lugging buffalo head horns sorry cotton spat judas priest say happened folks cut wouldn believe baby joined trudged hey hear storks asked standing rubbing hands preparatory monologue mama stork asked papa stork delivered triplets asked delivered twins mama papa stork asked baby stork sure scared hell couple teenagers bit cuticle says ya gotta ya gotta rocked heels papers jail heh heh cotton lowered hand unwound simulated yawn faked stretch lifted truck hood hotwire coiled pocket dropped hood loitered cab eased rifle lazed cotton partner declaimed finest reel sunset drawl rode mile reckon opened differ nt cans peaches head bowed flicked onion tear
buffalo killed told ready seen insisted implored laughed pig ear idea talked driving county real buffalo chance didn lump thought thing bumped ring circus intended stay till damn buff full lead skinned noon break unable eat gobbled stale food leftover camp midafternoon animal beer agony start box canyon boys camp refused sit cab junior counselor rode truck bed huddled speechless rolled sleeping bags journey endless flagstaff jerome mountain finally paused stoplight courthouse prescott youngest broke seal nausea left knew meant thirty tomorrow em pens camp sighing ponderosa boys say
wallowed stricken minute blood mud tried stand gagging assist helpless finally hauling wrist able crawl dry sand feet stagger killing ground small pond flopped rubbed hands underwater making cups splashing filth chins scrubbing knees elbows sat minute hands faces dripping stirred ranchhouse vehicles tents shooters slept preserve eerie requiem goosebumps coyotes howling soul cotton started fenced lane meat shooed pens moving slowly reluctantly real plan simple objective matter matter free pens thirty animals doomed die morning fact knew pens assumed kind enclosure corral gate opened gate realized approaching end lane merely let herd killing ground mowed gate side pens rounded hunt
collided dark lane casualties completely unglued lined fence embraced wires lost friends stammering managed tell horde bulls charged wall torn weak relief cotton leaned fencepost removed helmet forehead sleeve pillow lamented feet blistered complained knew home flag brother kind dumb animals zap marveled hit wall green bay packers bam cotton ordered wearily gotta think listened pen buffalo milling commotion roused arizona sportsmen tents campers listened whimper radios cuckoo attempt place flake knew signs wasn crisis bird tree police car startling running gas tossed wall emotionally disturbed animals nice normal cereal eating deodorant american kids slap shape
thought fence bound preserve south side assumed strand bobwire enclosed pens ranchhouse area knew lines ordinary wire sets sufficed buffalo streets bars flagstaff temptation paradise pine canyon considerable single restraint sure scripture stopped truck galvanize cotton barked boots troops difficulty matching boots feet hold herd scatter half remaining bale color changed blushed pink psychedelic boys served pink psychedelic beasts gun herd pull alongside fence chainlink iron feet high strung taut iron posts deepset ten yards pieces shag hung animals rubbed rid winter robes truck bed pink sky pines mogollon rim let stand turkeys push cotton put shoulder fence mon lay put dubious effort merely leaned hours sacrifice radios headgear final spastic dance drained trembling mouths dry called quits slumped floor whipped care cotton say
tangled simplicity unloved committed institution wind space tree sounds tonic smells animals dispassionate place west mountains demands sky wider known impartial underwent therapy sun cliff asylum redeemed days indistinguishable healed merely difficult finding hidden staircases personalities compulsion attempt improbable talent spectacular movie forbidden broke risk expulsion tokens win competition seized guile desecrated bullets exploits annealed climax feat liberated grand canyon hike cotton pulled end thing extra attraction box canyon boys camp twos tribes summer camping grand canyon monument valley navajo reservation oak creek canyon painted desert petrified forest morning sixth week apaches junior counselors supervised senior headed pickups canyon section grand parking rim marched single file backpacking food gear chamber pot
goggled started inexpedient gear pickup cotton floored accelerator engine bellowed took hunched wheel dropped tailgate clanging sighted section fence posts zoom nat rat tat tat dead target grill bumper center point taut linkage sheared twang halves rolled release tension curtain parted violently truck poured parked cotton evidently unable locate brake top small scrub cedar tree managed laugh sharpshooter fired hit lead jeep scurried rise tearing cartridge box discovered empty pickup spun wheels stunted tree circled gap traveling rodeo cotton found clutch brake snubbed stood tall grabbing rifle barrel raised head chopped smashed stock splinters howled outa gas outa hay outa cotton smiled smiled hell lit cigar puffed omniscient smoke condition dumbfounded
earth surface center answer course nearly miles half diameter geologists interested miles simple terms want kinds rock earth interior form solids liquids possibly gases hot heavy materials consist resemble rocks surface questions answered directly obtain samples earth interior depths able respect deepest mines miles deep deepest rock samples oil wells miles deep geologists resort indirect methods study astronomers study space solar system astronomer collects interprets information comes form light waves heat waves radiations outer space similar fashion geologist makes special earthquake waves tell materials earth interior waves passed explained chapter study earthquakes makes information derived studies earth gravity magnetism flow heat interior picture earth interior geologists presently believe represents interpretation evidence
metals important nonmetals obtained minerals rocks earth metals nonmetals occur native form uncombined elements need merely separated mechanically minerals rock gold copper silver platinum sulfur graphite carbon diamond carbon important native minerals commonly elements occur combined elements chemically extracted case desired element found free combination forms small percentage rock found separated rock rock sufficient quantity mineral separation worth rock called ore speak iron ore copper ore sulfur ore valuable mineral called ore mineral rest rock referred quartz feldspar calcite dolomite common minerals term ore applied metallic deposits speaking nonmetals sulfur graphite garnet ores greater concentrations mineral found rocks geologists interested knowing concentrations originated knowledge help find ores deposits known study origin ores complex listing simply scratch surface fascinating subject
anthracite coal marble slate gneiss quartzite fairly familiar names rocks rocks fail fit categories formed magma sediment respects resemble members groups anthracite strongly resembles bituminous coal marble resembles limestones slate reminds shale quartzite looks crystallized sandstone gneiss minerals granite geologists determined resemblances mere coincidence rocks pairs related actually derived result produced natural forces metamorphic change morph form rocks defined rocks formed existing bedrock action heat pressure chemicals earth crust natural agents change existing rocks metamorphic rocks pressure heat chemicals source agents effects produce examination metamorphic rocks shows evidences pressures quartzite harder denser sandstone formed unlike sandstone pores slate longer splits bedding planes shale pebbles flattened stretched seen metamorphosed conglomerates mineral grains schist lined parallel layers pressed arrangement fossils present squeezed distorted shapes field rock layers horizontal seen crumpled deformed wavelike folds
origin upper lower falls yellowstone river illustration manner unequal erosion river creates waterfalls places bed yellowstone river vertical intrusions dikes magma formed rock harder rest bed fig river wears softer rock downstream intrusion rapidly dikes develops falls point dikes extend depths uniformly hard recession occurs falls simply wearing slowly shoshone falls snake river idaho similar niagara falls hard cap rock top soft rock rocks lavas sedimentary rocks victoria falls africa form zambezi river flows hard rock soft rock rivers eastern united states form fall zone falls rapids flow hard rocks piedmont upland soft coastal plain sediments falls thousands result unequal erosion rocks unequal hardness falls occur tributary streams join main streams valleys cut lower tributaries tributary valleys called hanging valleys falls hanging valley waterfalls type fall occurs frequently regions glacial erosion origin explained chapter falls yosemite national park type
geologists tell continental ice sheets greenland antarctica covered nearly canada northern united states ago tell ice age lasted million accept statements backed sound scientific evidence concept ice age generally accepted geologists middle century early geologists noted rock outcrops northern regions polished scratched surfaces unlike southern regions giant boulders bedrock rested traced outcrops miles north mountain tops pebbles mixed deposits sediments strange locality places geologists agreed features explained stream action geologists british believed happened flood flood waters carried boulders scoured bedrock deposited mixed sediments wide area water transported foreign materials british called material drift explanation coming existence students glaciers alps saw bedrock marked glacial erosion boulders transported soils carried downslope found features miles valley glacier front high glacier valley walls reasoned glacier longer thicker ago
molten lavas erupt volcanoes temperatures ranging depths source liquid magma erupts volcanoes lava geologists believe crust mantle earth solid think huge pressures overlying rocks prevent deep rocks melting hot melt surface explain volcanic regions geologists think hot deep rocks melt places pressure relieved breaks faults crust magma form colder rocks close surface geologists believe intense radio activity chemical action produce heat parts crust melt rock form pockets magma happens magma hot molten rock lighter solid rock rises surface movements magma inside crust called extrusive activities magma reaches surface erupts form volcanic mountains volcanic plateaus intrusive activities magma intrudes crust beneath surface faulting slow rising overlying rock layers cases mass intruded rock vast forms core mountain range hot liquid magma breaks earth crust emerge lava volcanic eruption place
remarkable characteristics sea water discovered oceanographer uniformity composition matter sample northern hemisphere southern hemisphere equator polar regions surface bottom water relative amounts dissolved substances water holds true regardless salinity water means oceanographer calculate complete analysis sample ocean water testing element chlorine tested amount chlorine solution easily determined amounts substances calculated basis uniform composition tables elements found solution sea water uranium radium gold silver copper magnesium elements economic importance total quantities substances ocean tremendous billion tons copper million tons silver billion tons magnesium present small percentages parts gold billion parts sea water economical methods extraction devised cubic mile sea water pounds gold water extracted weighs billion tons minerals extracted profitably quantities large process extraction comparatively inexpensive reasons
tides occasional waves due earthquakes ocean waves wind ocean wave rhythmic rise fall water surface energy motion comes wind wind impart energy water wind blows water surface friction moving air water creates drag starts water motion turbulence wind movement air spinning eddies whirlpools adds lifting effect ripples surface water wind strikes ripples rocks water surface ripples grow waves size waves determined speed wind length blows fetch length open water blows steadily ocean waves feet high created storm winds blowing hours fetch miles shorter fetch lake waves high ocean waves smaller body water smaller maximum waves wave passes water surface water rises falls highest point water rises called crest wave lowest point falls called trough fig height wave difference level crest trough wavelength distance crest trough
relative age sedimentary rocks area easily determined oldest layer undisturbed sedimentary rocks bottom youngest recently formed layer undisturbed sedimentary rocks top igneous intrusions found rocks dikes sills rocks formed igneous intrusions obviously younger rocks intruded sedimentary metamorphic igneous rocks fig volcanic regions lava flows volcanic cones lie top rocks lavas obviously younger rocks rest youngest layers lava top relative age sedimentary rocks areas determined fossils metamorphic rocks piedmont england mountain areas generally older sedimentary rocks fact metamorphic rocks include oldest surface rocks earth sequence undisturbed sedimentary rocks younger rocks top older rocks rule known law superposition older rocks found lying younger rocks happens mountain regions overturned rock layers cases fossils deciding relative ages rocks topic explained eras ended geological revolutions
deal sun study stars chapter sun close hand learn stars special instruments observing sun devised astronomer focus tower telescopes photograph images sun feet diameter photographs sun special telescopes carried unmanned balloons high clouds dust earth atmosphere photographs sun light single element hydrogen calcium study sun corona sun eclipsed measures rate earth receive solar radiation fig sun viewed directly unaided eye telescope strong rays injure eye especially rays focused telescope sun average sized star compared earth size tremendous diameter times earth volume million earths fit sun composed entirely gases packed tightly interior average specific gravity fourth solid earth multiply sun volume specific gravity find mass times earth
project apollo ended teams astronauts explored moon project apollo plan landing moon called lunar orbit rendezvous approach briefly calls spacecraft launched earth lunar orbit small lunar landing vehicle spacecraft moon vehicle return spacecraft trip earth apollo spacecraft launched earth stage saturn rockets thrust pounds entire assembly taller football field weighs tons launch rocket stages part stage put apollo earth orbit reaches correct position orbit stage send moon initial speed nearly miles hour spacecraft consists parts command section crew rides service module carrying rockets needed navigation return trip lunar module lm called bug ferry launch command module top service module lm burnout rocket stage crew disconnects command service modules connects command module lm transfer miles moon service rockets put spacecraft orbit moon equator miles hour
opportunities lifetime total lunar eclipse average eclipse takes place entire nighttime half earth position added parts miss beginning eclipse rotate view eclipse lasts weather half lunar eclipse earth completely dark earth acts lens bends sunlight shadow cast solid earth result moon dusky red color completely blacked eclipses forecast advance times future eclipses found astronomy publications nautical almanac obtainable government printing office located washington earth moon casts shadow space moon maximum length miles easily reach earth perigee reach apogee tip touches earth maximum width miles wider course larger extends moon moon shadow falls earth eclipse sun takes place falls eclipse total falls eclipse partial
light object comes eye object seen light produced object sun star gas flame hot electric light wire object luminous light supplied source sunlight lights earth surface planets moon interior schoolroom objects seen illuminated seen object need send light rays directly eye light travel straight lines objects seen mirror case light rays object mirror mirror eye periscope enables submarine observer ocean surface arrangements mirrors enable drivers rear exit doors crowded buses human eye places object sees straight line direction rays light familiarity mirror periscope teaches interpret position viewed object correctly light rays pass air water vice versa change direction bent bending rays light passing transparent material density called refraction effect change apparent position object eye sees object direction rays light strike eye
places exactly climate places parts similar climates similarities climatologists find efficient classify climates important features climate temperature precipitation modern classifications climates begin dividing climatic zones basis average temperatures boundary lines recall lines joining points temperature period zones climate defined include tropical climates hot warm middle latitude climates summer winter seasons polar climates real summer fig zone tropical climates defined part earth coldest month average temperature extends equator directions north south reaches hemisphere coldest month january northern hemisphere july southern hemisphere equator average temperature sea level zone middle latitude climates defined part earth coldest month average warmest month average extends hemisphere zone tropical climates poles warmest month july north january south
lake erie lakes area nearly square miles maximum depth feet considerably larger massachusetts lake erie thriving fishing industry recorded catch nearly million pounds blue pike later catch blue pike totaled pounds today lake prized commercial species whitefish wall eyed pike blue pike disappeared lake onondaga small lake syracuse york center recreational activities rowing sailing contact sports swimming water skiing longer permitted hazard disease square miles surface covered growths slimy algae fish generally undesirable dangerously contaminated mercury lake erie lake dying city riverside california sick gastroenteritis bacterial disease stomach disease traced artesian wells supply city water wells polluted days october thick smog formed hung industrial city donora pennsylvania thousand ill respiratory diseases died london england winter periods thick smog increase death rate months december january february
forgot tell kicked wasn supposed christmas vacation account flunking subjects applying gave frequent warning start applying especially mid terms parents conference didn ax give ax frequently academic rating anyway december cold witch especially top stupid hill reversible gloves week stolen camel hair coat room fur lined gloves pocket full crooks guys wealthy families full crooks anyway expensive school crooks kidding anyway standing crazy cannon looking game freezing ass wasn watching game hanging trying feel kind mean left schools places didn leaving hate don care sad bad leave place leaving
terrific liar saw awful store buy magazine asks going liable say going opera terrible told spencer gym equipment stuff sheer lie don goddam equipment gym lived lived memorial wing juniors seniors junior roommate senior named guy pot dough undertaking business started undertaking parlors country members family buried bucks apiece sack dumps river anyway gave pile dough named wing football game school big goddam cadillac stand grandstand give locomotive cheer morning chapel speech lasted ten hours started fifty corny jokes show regular guy
anyway put hat sat started reading book africa read wanted read parts read pages heard coming shower curtains looking knew robert guy roomed shower rooms wing eighty times barged guy dorm wasn game peculiar guy senior called herb gale roommate called bob ack married wife call tall round shouldered guys lousy teeth roomed saw brush teeth looked mossy awful damn sick saw dining room mouth full mashed potatoes peas lot pimples forehead chin guys face
tiny bit light shower curtains room lying bed knew damn wide awake awake yeah pretty dark stepped shoe floor damn fell head sort sat bed leaned arm lot white stuff face pimples looked sort spooky dark anyway mean hell sleep guys started making noise hell fight light couldn find light sliding hand wall want light hand finally found switch turned put hand light wouldn hurt eyes jesus hell happened meant blood goddam sat floor chairs room don hell chairs listen feel playing fiend re bleeding chrissake put stop listen ya wanna play don
sudden lady trenton sat practically car empty pretty late sat empty seat big bag sitting front seat stuck bag middle aisle conductor trip orchids big party forty forty guess looking women kill don mean sexy mean re leaving goddam bags middle aisle anyway sitting sudden excuse prep sticker looking suitcases rack yes goddam sticker corny admit nice voice nice telephone voice carried goddam telephone yes lovely son ernest morrow goes yes class son doubtless biggest bastard history school
trouble kind junk sort fascinating watch don want instance girl getting water squirted face pretty looking mean big trouble mind biggest sex maniac saw think stuff wouldn mind opportunity lot fun sort drunk girl squirt water face thing don idea stinks analyze think don girl shouldn horse re supposed face face careful stuff squirting water bad stuff lot fun girls help start trying start trying spoil knew girl couple ago boy lot fun sex don understand hot
walked hotel forty gorgeous blocks didn felt walking didn feel getting taxicab tired riding taxicabs tired riding elevators sudden walk matter high kid walk apartment frequently twelve stories wouldn known snowed snow sidewalks freezing cold took red hunting hat pocket put didn give damn looked put wished knew swiped gloves hands freezing known yellow guys try show instance found stolen gloves crook room okay bout handing gloves crook stolen voice innocent gloves closet found gloves hidden goddam galoshes instance
sunny sat chair smoked couple cigarettes getting daylight boy felt miserable felt depressed imagine started talking sort loud depressed telling home bike meet front bobby house bobby live maine ago anyway happened bobby going lake bikes going lunches bb guns kids thought shoot bb guns anyway heard talking wanted wouldn let told child depressed saying okay home bike meet front bobby house hurry wasn didn didn didn sore sore thinking anyway depressed finally undressed bed felt praying bed couldn
didn sleep think ten clock woke felt pretty hungry soon cigarette eaten hamburgers movies ago fifty ago phone started call send breakfast sort afraid send maurice think dying re crazy laid bed smoked cigarette thought giving jane buzz home wasn mood gave sally hayes buzz mary woodruff knew home letter couple weeks ago wasn crazy known think intelligent stupidity reason knew lot theater plays literature stuff knows lot things takes find re stupid took find sally case
anyway gave jane buzz phone didn answer hang look address book hell evening trouble address book jane teacher hills father office number forgetting put names finally gave carl buzz graduated school left older didn intellectual guys highest boy thought want dinner slightly intellectual conversation enlightening gave buzz columbia lived street knew home phone couldn dinner meet drink ten clock wicker bar think pretty surprised hear called fat phony bit kill till ten clock movies radio city worst thing couldn think
thing sat stay couple minutes date ordered dry martini told bartender dry olive hey flit told end bar don look saving ya funny caulfield going grow bored lot amused guys sort amuse lot sex asked hated ask stuff relax sit relax chrissake relaxed columbia ya certainly didn wouldn pretty boring re majoring asked horsing re trying funny kidding listen hey re intellectual guys need advice terrific let big groan listen caulfield want sit quiet peaceful drink quiet peaceful relax tell didn feel discussing trouble intellectual guys
sitting getting drunk waiting tina stuff looking guy wavy hair played piano babe sang wasn tina sang songs piano bar sitting standing practically sort gave eye pretended didn wouldn getting drunk hell finished beat room fast didn chance invite join drink called told ask care join drink didn give message give message boy sat goddam bar till clock getting drunk bastard straight thing careful hell boisterous didn want notice ask boy straight drunk started stupid business bullet guts
getting light pretty cold felt sweating didn hell didn want hotel spend phoebe dough finally walked lexington took subway grand central bags figured sleep crazy waiting room benches wasn bad stick feet don feel discussing wasn nice don try mean depress slept till clock million started coming waiting room feet sleep hot feet floor sat headache worse think depressed didn want started thinking wondered tell mrs saw slept part didn worry knew smart tell tell home
anyway walking walking avenue tie sudden spooky started happening end block stepped goddam curb feeling side street thought boy scare imagine started sweating bastard shirt underwear started end block believe talking brother say don let disappear don let disappear don let disappear reach side street disappearing thank start soon corner going sort afraid stop think don remember tell truth didn stop till sixties past zoo sat bench breath sweating bastard sat guess hour finally decided decided decided home school
left bears left zoo crossed street park tunnels smell taking leak phoebe wouldn talk sort walking took hold belt coat hell wouldn let hands don mind sore sore anyway getting closer closer start hear nutty music plays playing marie played song fifty ago kid nice thing play songs thought closed wintertime phoebe practically forgot supposed sore maybe christmas didn say remembered supposed sore want ride knew tiny kid park mad
sun deserted high lake baikal konrad schneider assistant nuclear science walked slowly motor test rig ears throbbing painfully thunderous echoes died lake ten minutes face asked suddenly happy month yankees choking rage re usual schneider motor works easy true obstacles worried reports told billions dollars photographs ship clear looks completion tested motor weeks ago don worry laughed re going big surprise remember don thing schneider wondered true decided safer express doubts start mind exploring tortuous channels leak find hard clear guard saluted re entered administration building nearly soldiers thought grimly technicians russians things complaints
secretary general united nations stood motionless window staring crawling traffic forty street wondered thing altitude fellow humans detachment change easily indifference merely trying rationalize dislike skyscrapers twenty york heard door open turn head pieter van room inevitable pause pieter looked disapprovingly thermostat standing joke secretary general liked living icebox waited assistant joined window tore gaze familiar fascinating panorama re late wainwright minutes ago heard police procession snarled traffic moment van paused added abruptly sure idea afraid late agreed idea place walked desk fidgeting famous uranium paperweight nervous merely undecided glad wainwright late give slight moral advantage interview opened
coming advent overlords difference pattern human expected shadow unobtrusive shadow cities earth silver ships glittering zenith granted sun moon clouds dimly aware steadily rising standards living due overlords stopped think seldom realized silent ships brought peace history duly grateful negative benefits accepted soon forgotten overlords remained aloof hiding faces mankind command respect admiration win deeper pursued present policy hard feel resentment olympians spoke circuits united nations headquarters took place publicly revealed wondered supervisor found interviews felt need direct contact human realized needed form personal support explanation secretary general appreciated mind freedom league referred contemptuously office boy
occurred days seriously considered action planning ridiculously melodramatic kidnapping retrospect rate tv drama deal outlook exposed violent physical action opposed verbal battles conference room virus entered bloodstream merely approaching childhood quickly supposed sheer curiosity powerful motive determination trick played perfectly obvious bait reasons feel inclined forgive supervisor pierre showed surprise walked unannounced office friends unusual secretary general paying personal visit chief science bureau certainly think odd chance underlings turned instruments surveillance spot talked business exchanged political gossip hesitantly point visitor talked frenchman leaned chair eyebrows rose steadily millimeter millimeter entangled forelock
case thanks answered inspecting carefully tell going physicist interested thoughts understand ease re point discover ah excitable highly strung nordic races sighed type low powered radar set radio waves high frequency infrared waves fact sure creature possibly weird eye sure asked intrigued technical problem spite couldn sure admitted reluctantly views normal lighting eyes approximately similar spectral range anyway worked proved large room screen screen centimeters thick space ten meters couldn detect echo wall expected low power dared pushed piece photographic paper single wavy line spot kink autograph mild earthquake
whispered radios hundred tongues headlines thousand newspapers thought cameramen checked rechecked equipment gathered round vast empty space ship descending single ship hanging york discovered ships cities existed fleet overlords dissolved nothingness fading mist beneath morning sun supply ships coming going space real silver clouds hung lifetime capitals earth illusion tell ships image vessel matter playing light radar deceived alive swore heard shriek torn air fleet skies earth important mattered longer felt need display force thrown psychological weapons ship moving word flashed instantly corner planet heading westward thousand kilometers hour falling slowly empty heights stratosphere ship moved plains rendezvous history
curiously triviality phenomenon beginning impress george sure explanation rupert plate simply responding unconscious muscular movements fact surprising impressive believed precise swift replies obtained tried influence board making spell rest nonsense virtually impossible decided person control remainder circle knowing half hour ruth dozen messages occasional spelling mistakes curiosities grammar explanation george convinced contributing consciously results times word spelled anticipated letter meaning message occasion plate unexpected direction totally pause end word beginning entire message meaningless complete ruth read experience gave george uncanny impression contact purposeful independent mind conclusive proof
person immediately affected george forget feeling terror jean pitched arms sudden helplessness transformed moment amusing companion object tenderness affection women fainted immemorial invariably responded desired jean collapse completely spontaneous planned instant realized later george important decisions jean definitely girl mattered despite queer ideas friends intention totally abandoning naomi joy elsa denise permanent doubt jean agree feelings obvious start decision factor unaware tonight experience weakened contempt skepticism jean peculiar interests recognize fact removed barrier looked jean lay pale composed reclining chair flyer darkness stars george idea thousand kilometers care business robot guiding homewards land control board announced fifty minutes
jan leaned elephant rested hands skin rough bark tree looked tusks curving trunk caught skill moment challenge salutation creatures wondered unknown worlds looking exile earth animals overlords asked rupert fifty course biggest magnificent small butterflies snakes monkeys hippo jan gave wry smile morbid thought suppose fine stuffed group homo sapiens collection wonder honored re rupert indifferently easy arrange hospitals happen continued jan thoughtfully volunteered live specimen assuming eventual return guaranteed course rupert laughed offer put moment jan considered idea half seriously shook head er thinking loud certainly turn days called weeks ago found book hunting nice jan walked slowly stuffed monster admiring skill frozen forever instant greatest vigor
look exploded george hurling paper jean rest despite efforts intercept spread listlessly breakfast table jean patiently scraped jam read offending passage register disapproval agreed critics heretical opinions merely sake peace quiet george perfectly prepared accept praise ventured criticism receive crushing lecture artistic ignorance read review gave appeared favorable performance grumbling snarled george stubbing finger middle column read restful eyes delicate pastel greens background ballet sequence greens spent lot getting exact shade blue happens blasted engineer control room upsets color balance idiot reviewer cockeyed set hey color look receiver er remember confessed jean poppet started squealing find wrong george relapsing gently simmering jean knew eruption expected moment
athens natural spontaneous growth city bore colony deliberately planned result study group remarkable begun open conspiracy overlords implicit challenge policy power colony sponsors half neatly frustrate supervisor absolutely reassuring expected plenty preparing delayed project failure felt need action colony fail prediction past real knowledge social dynamics existed communities devoted special religious philosophical ends true mortality rate high survived foundations athens secure modern science reasons choosing island site important psychological age universal air transport ocean meant physical barrier gave sense isolation limited land area impossible live colony maximum population fixed hundred thousand advantages inherent small compact community lost
jeffrey interest aesthetics science main preoccupations elders heartily approved colony purely personal reasons sea kilometers direction fascinated short spent inland accustomed novelty surrounded water swimmer cycle young friends carrying fins mask exploring shallower water lagoon jean happy dives lost fear sea strange creatures let jeffrey enjoy pleased condition swam member household approved change beautiful golden retriever nominally belonged george seldom detached jeffrey inseparable jean put foot night jeffrey bicycle remain home lying listlessly front door staring road moist mournful eyes muzzle resting paws george paid stiff price pedigree looked wait generation due months dog
coming home wonder fear mystery ship believed surely crew lives hard believe overlords willingly cut home decades consumed interstellar voyage relativity dilation effect worked ways course overlords age months round trip returned friends eighty older wished jan doubtless stayed remainder warned ship going earth advised opportunity overlords realized short mind nearly reached end resources merely nuisance spare importance earth ahead seen hundred times remote mechanical eye television camera space final act dream unfolded earth spun beneath eternal orbit blue green crescent quarter half visible disc darkness cloud bands scattered line trade winds
jan found hard think space accepted possibility eternal exile human race loneliness passed longing human rise overwhelm present company overlords prevented feeling utterly earth ten ago degenerate survivors jan lost missing reasons overlords explain jan suspected largely psychological children replace homo sapiens extinct lost intact cities manuscript gibbon recording days human race jan sure care read told wished destroyed sought feverish activities fierce suicidal sports indistinguishable minor wars population swiftly fallen ageing survivors clustered defeated army closing ranks retreat final act curtain lit flashes heroism devotion darkened savagery selfishness ended despair resignation jan
glare dwindled died orbit mars road thought jan travelled billions human beings lived died earth travel needed material possessions desire taking longer interested feared loneliness deserted planet presence rested moments seek unknown heritage inconceivable departure jan expect problems survive wished drag pointless empty unbearable anticlimax left overlords purpose knew known spoke truth stars turned night walked vast entrance overlord base size affected sheer immensity longer power mind lights burning redly driven energies feed ages side lay machines secrets abandoned overlords retreat past clambered awkwardly steps reached control room
fifteen lives danny lived blocks knew existence danny block heavily populated followers father russian jews somber garb habits frames reference born soil land abandoned drank tea sipping slowly cubes sugar held teeth ate foods homeland talked loudly occasionally russian russian yiddish fierce loyalty danny father block lived sect jews southern poland walked brooklyn streets black hats black coats black beards earlocks jews rabbi dynastic ruler trace family position leadership ba al shem eighteenth century founder regarded god invested personality sects populated area danny grew rabbi synagogue customs fierce loyalties festival morning members sect seen walking respective synagogues dressed garb eager pray rabbi forget tumult week hungry grabbing money needed feed large families seemingly endless depression
batter stood plate broad shouldered built bear swung pitch missed swung pitch ball straight line head baseman left field scrambled stood base shouted ball saw left fielder pick bounce relay coming high glove raised felt saw batter charging getting glove ball smashed truck ball head fell forward heavily asphalt floor yard passed going fringes flying holding skullcap head hand fall abe baseman retrieved ball whipped home batter stood wide grin face team exploded wild cheers shouted loud words congratulations yiddish batter sidney goldberg helped feet wow taking deep breaths scraped palm hand sidney goldberg saw storming field talk umpire
members team stood wire fence watching danny saunders quiet rabbi sitting bench book closed shouting move danny saunders swung bat times fixed position looked present thought let ball fast straight saw danny saunders left foot move bat body begin pivot swung ball slid curve bat cut savagely empty air twisting sending balance black skullcap fell head regained balance bent quickly retrieve stood moment staring resumed position plate ball catcher wrist hurt caught team quiet rabbi begun chew lip lost control pitch wide pitch elaborate windup slow curving kind batter wants hit misses completely umpire called ball felt left wrist begin throb caught throw catcher hot sweaty glasses cutting deeply flesh ears result head movements pitching
father minutes supper looking pale worn told conversation danny saunders eyes angry glasses foolish thing reuven told sternly remember talmud says person comes apologize hurt listen forgive couldn help abba hate say things sorry feeling miserable looked saw eyes suddenly sad intend scold scolding defended tried tell reuven person comes talk patient listen especially hurt talk anymore tonight saunders son important history beginning end hitler madmen hear announcer boat describing invasion talked invasion finally father left lay bed feeling depressed angry danny saunders billy father talking quietly glanced smiled warmly fine looking person noticed white scar forehead running parallel line light blond hair
father minutes later looking worse cheeks sunken eyes red face ashen coughed deal telling cold sat bed told talked dr phone look eye friday morning able home friday afternoon pick teaching wonderful able read ten days told scar tissue happy hospital walked today saw street father looked didn say wish envy able walk don lucky knows fortunate unfortunate father quietly home won spend nice father quiet talk disturbed sit drink tea talk coughed put handkerchief mouth took spectacles wiped eyes
father elevator end hall walking eye ward thought call attract attention steps short entrance ward saw felt surprise seeing danny didn notice face change expression saw danny face change radically curiosity bewildered astonishment looked moment wanted run nervous agitated didn think father standing looking wearing dark gray double breasted suit gray hat deal shorter danny shorter face looked pale worn breath carrying handkerchief hand late afraid let voice hoarse raspy faculty meeting reuven fine abba hall abba sick suddenly didn want disturb abba want meet danny saunders faint smile begin play corners father lips
block synagogue father prayed turn narrow street crowded brownstones sycamores duplicate street lived deal older neatly houses unkempt hydrangea bushes morning glories front lawns sycamores formed solid tangled bower sunlight stone banisters stairways chipped surfaces dirt edges stone steps round smooth cats scrambled garbage cans stood front houses sidewalks strewn newspapers ice cream candy wrappers worn cardboard cartons torn paper bags women dresses covering heads infants arms heavily pregnant sat stone steps stairways talking loudly yiddish street throbbed noise playing children constant motion dodging cars racing steps chasing cats climbing trees balancing tried walking top banisters pursuing furious games tag fringes earlocks dancing wildly air trailing walking quickly dark ceiling sycamores tall heavily built black beard black caftan alongside bumped roughly avoid running woman passed word
danny sat whisper moved congregation rustle pages prayer books opened gray bearded large podium put prayer shawl started service weak voice barely hear prayers worshipers saunders stood congregation swaying occasionally clapping hands child stood swaying obvious imitation father entire service saunders stood congregation raising head ceiling raising hands cover eyes turned ark read service ended saunders walked slowly aisle child clinging father caftan child passed noticed dark eyes large face deathly pale danny nudged elbow motioned head rear synagogue rose saunders aisle eyes face feel saw saunders leather chair table end window sit child sat bench left danny led table sat bench father
evening service quickly afterward younger chanted service marks end danny brother held braided candle hand trembling molten wax spilled fingers wished saunders week began leave synagogue late thought father worried stood waited synagogue empty danny saunders boy synagogue suddenly small throng black hatted black bearded black saunders stroking beard looking danny leaned elbow large podium hand stroking beard began play heard sigh saw shake head slowly dark eyes moist brooding reuven head quietly yiddish happy daniel chosen friend son friends talk talks listened voice gentle caress altogether table glanced danny looking father rigid lines face
danny month summer hot humid month fierce summer sun left heat shimmer streets softened asphalt forever muttering streaks black tar clung shoes sneakers rubbed floor apartment danny spent mornings studying talmud father spent monday wednesday friday mornings playing ball friends bothered friendship danny accepted didn talk sunday tuesday thursday mornings studying talmud father porch nice study father studying slowly patiently intensively leaving passage father satisfied present understood fully able ten lines danny hand daily talmud goal increased father didn affect able spend afternoons floor library reading joined afternoon frequently father writing article passage beginning understand needed journal collections
months school danny able regularly afternoons manage week elected president class found suddenly involved student politics evenings spent danny spent student council committee meetings talked frequently phone felt friendship suffering discussing reading freud november managed house evening middle week brought half dozen books jewish subjects father suggested read thanked gratefully looked weary fine eyes tired easily doctor didn need glasses asked coming freud looking uncomfortable rarely library days schoolwork manage read freud upsetting days want talk told blinking eyes real opportunity talk grew shorter shorter schoolwork endless student politics took moment spare
father talked hospital recuperating slowly didn want upset account danny reading upset reading danny visit found newspapers strewn bed reading find told destruction european talked european responsibility american jews carried occasionally spoke importance palestine jewish homeland concerned american need teachers rabbis asked danny reading days danny answered honestly going freud father sat hospital bed propped pillows looked blinked grown thin thought thinner heart attack lost ten pounds easily upset things frightened moment didn want involved argument danny freud shook head sighed tired talk danny freud danny shouldn think freud final word psychoanalysis thinkers disagreed
june danny sister married invited wedding wasn traditionally wedding women sitting separately lot dancing singing shocked saw saunders black beard begun gray aged deal seen congratulate shook hand warmly eyes dark piercing surrounded didn chance talk didn care wasn eager talk levi grown looked white skinned eyes large shell rimmed glasses danny sister beautiful girl boy married black beard earlocks dark eyes looked severe quickly decided didn congratulated wedding shook hand fingers limp moist school ended july danny house morning wedding seen saunders danny begun talking father teaching talmud afternoons decided polite thing morning school danny took father study
afternoon passover walked beneath early spring sycamores street turned lee avenue sun warm bright slowly past houses shops synagogue father prayed met classmates stopped talk minutes turning finally danny street sycamores formed tangled bower sun shone brightly ground tiny buds sycamores green shoots infant leaves month leaves shut sky sun brushed streaks gold sidewalks street talking women playing children walked slowly remembering street ago coming end months leaves fat full lives separate branches overhead sunlight slowly wide stone staircase danny house wooden double door entrance hallway dim cold synagogue door stood open peered inside emptiness whispered echoes mistakes talmud quizzes saunders staring left eye friend
young father rest peace began wake middle night cry child wake tell stories destruction jerusalem sufferings israel cry took visit hospital ah experience took visit poor beggars listen talk father talked studied taught silence taught look find strength walk inside company soul ask silent son say talk words cruel words play tricks heart conceal heart heart speaks silence learns pain suffering pain say turning inside oneself finding soul important pain destroys pride arrogance indifference makes aware frail tiny depend master universe slowly slowly begin understand saying
noon approach announced wild unrest horses scarcely controllable stall rider afar vapor instinct horror announced stampede animals timid savage hurtling past jaguars flashing nimble stags pampas bulky longer hunters hunted fleet maddened herds cattle heads lowered nostrils snorting rushing tribes loping monkeys chattering dementia terror creeping springing denizens bush steppe big rodents snakes lizards rabble swarmed hill plantation scattered left barrier water filled ditch sped river hindered fled banks sight water filled ditch defense measures leiningen prepared advent ants encompassed sides plantation huge horseshoe twelve feet deep dry obstacle beast ends horseshoe ran river formed northern boundary fourth side plantation end nearer house outbuildings middle plantation leiningen constructed dam means water river diverted ditch opening dam able fling imposing girdle water huge quadrilateral river base completely plantation moat encircling medieval city
end week chase donald father rode yard donald dropped wood carrying house ran meet father dad haven black stallion red mare donald scarcely wait father slow reply donald lad horses free re flats tomorrow donald felt relief fear yellow lamplight supper table father told days riding farms eaten rested adventures gallant band lad equal left pair horses wild horses grow wind muscle sound wind muscles steel intelligence ago spoke donald felt father side side horses pause turner continued brains strength stallion beginning dozen times free south border band stayed tried safety week band rounded stuck red mare
richest whale feeding grounds herd lively sportive spread familiar waters began dive feed young female showed spirit dove squid hunting young bull sort recklessness times going female lead plunged hundred fathom depth weight waters pressed iron bands bodies bearing pressure thousands pounds fact brains wonderfully cushioned feet bone liquid enabled function depth survived save creatures bodies offset pressure constantly filled water farther ventured realm deathly cold ray green seeped caverns gorges yawned mid sea mountains half mile depth female cut short dive began undulating horizontally seeking prey young bull close squid level presently sounded thousand foot level warm blooded mammal descend live tapered dive shooting horizontally slopes submarine mountain abruptly female lead brought forest bleached swinging branches
jade snow knew parents conceded defeat hoping soften blow tried explain earn living learn kinds foreigners chinese intend start finding confidence remain true spirit teachings bring knowledge learn daddy mama accept offer graciously useless tell ideas wind blows deaf ear lost sense balance daddy told bluntly shameless skin yellow features forever chinese content proven ways try force foreign ideas home tell sorrowfully mistaken discussion matter jade snow questions asked spite parents dark predictions freedom choice companions result rush undesirables matter fact boys met school concerned copying lecture notes open rebellion gave jade snow measure freedom outer show assurance deeply troubled simple daddy mama tell wrong simple decide
college joined brooklyn chapter naacp active primarily interested economic issues discrimination hiring working conditions pay promotion begun twenty round involvement community service organization eventually drop worked urban league worked hospitals reading organizing programs entertain active groups brooklyn home aged rest give organization fair chance show angry twenty sat meetings discussions want remember seen undergraduate beginning feel useless blacks sit talk leading community biracial committees begun clear talking going happen leading wanted moved father bought house solid story prospect place cost painfully saved wages bag factory worked death mother sisters live selma unmarried lives floor odessa apartment husband children
sherlock holmes communicative drive lay cab humming tunes heard afternoon rattled endless labyrinth streets emerged farrington street close friend remarked fellow bank director personally interested matter thought jones bad fellow absolute imbecile profession positive virtue brave bulldog tenacious lobster claws waiting reached crowded thoroughfare found morning cabs dismissed guidance passed narrow passage side door opened small corridor ended massive iron gate opened led flight winding stone steps terminated formidable gate stopped light lantern conducted dark earth smelling passage opening door huge vault cellar piled round crates massive boxes vulnerable holmes remarked held lantern gazed striking stick flags lined floor
couple weeks teruo clerk curious fault glutton boss decided move ahead yearly business trip seattle undoubtedly satisfied teruo knew left tommy full charge sasaki absence shop helping tommy teruo customers orders teruo learned worked nursery experience flower growing tell flower fresh asked tell follow instructions sell tell sell tell laughed don need teruo told customers ask flowers fresh say firmly flowers fresh madam teruo picked vase carnations flowers days ago didn asked re days ago customer bought today teruo asked guess weather hold re teruo gasped fresh week shop
principal door open phone outer office ancient upright miss principal secretary harry took receiver hook set desk holding upright left hand dialed home number grinned excitement thinking answered ma didn phones couldn hear hear listening face lighting afterward ordering pa help getting gray dress ready coat wore hat let wind command hair harry didn care didn answer aloud wrong number felt tiny stabs alarm chest dialed slowly holding receiver ear hearing ring eighth ninth finally operator voice telling answer felt ache chest hands wet maybe ma sick thought knew blame dialed asked operator check number maybe phone order knew wasn thanked operator replaced receiver stood listlessly desk wondering remembered ma helping fractions crowley school
moment ichabod laid eyes regions delight peace mind end study gain affections peerless daughter van tassel enterprise real difficulties generally fell lot knight errant yore seldom giants enchanters fiery dragons easily conquered adversaries contend ichabod contrary win heart country beset whims forever presenting difficulties encounter host fearful adversaries real flesh blood numerous admirers beset portal heart keeping watchful angry eye ready fly common competitor formidable burly roaring blade abraham according dutch abbreviation van brunt hero country round rang feats strength hardihood broad shouldered double jointed curly black hair bluff unpleasant countenance mingled air fun arrogance herculean frame powers limb received nickname bones universally known famed knowledge skill horsemanship foremost races cockfights ready fight frolic mischief ill composition overbearing roughness strong dash humor bottom
flat maps globes flat map small parts shown large size think reasons want flat map globe flat map earth show rounded surface planet accurately globe illustration shows surface globe breaks sections pulled flat mapmakers ways draw flat maps ways called projections mapmakers choose decide information map select projection shows information accurately easily examples projections left shows areas continents oceans correctly projection called mercator projection notice greenland antarctica larger mercator projection sailors easy tell directions notice north south lines east west lines straight projection left page north south lines bend poles globe check landmasses projections projection show landmasses exactly shown globe maps show direction finder compass rose arrow points north
earth spinning say rotates rotates west east imaginary rod called earth axis earth rotates axis hours causing night part earth heated night part earth receives heat sun giving heat cooler didn night live earth surface hot plants animals live summertime hours daylight darkness sun heat land reasons summers hot winter nights longer sun heat land reasons winters cold try experiment flashlight slide projector shine light straight chalkboard draw line lighted circle tilt flashlight projector rays striking chalkboard slanting draw line lighted area lighted area larger brighter let experiment shows sun rays surface earth examine diagram winter noon sun low sky sun rays strike part earth slant
shore dressed wounds job ship took ireland iceland bartholomew voyages decide want sea captain think live study navigation sailing portuguese ships sea bartholomew thought minute course stay maybe help shop study maps charts university learn latin language able study books geography navigation columbus stayed portugal learned latin read book find told ships sea visited shipyards portuguese shipbuilders making wonderful ships called caravels studied questions earth oceans coming mind christopher burst brother shop bartholomew idea portuguese trying reach indies sailing africa haven succeeded listen geographer knows earth round sail straight west reach indies sure route thousands miles shorter africa canary islands west africa studied maps think miles canaries straight west indies
coming women colony stronger began permanent home women worked hard reared children took care home things cloth soap worked fields shop keepers teachers midwives things change women rights things allowed women supposed leaders limits based women able based felt women countries believed limits hard women want worked build america indians gladly helped colonists passed saw english coming indian land chief powhatan hoped live whites chief wanted stop europeans taking incidents indians angry finally wars indians attacked colony english attacked indian villages sides lost indians tired war signed peace treaty english indians virginia pushed losing land losing powhatan tribe english
small english cottage young sat fireplace shook head wearily don longer stand live elizabeth hide barns secret places order worship god wish john asked elizabeth wife hear king broke prayer meeting sunday friends put jail john elizabeth friends lived england ago want worship church england strong ideas god costly churches rich robes worn ministers believe fancy church services believed church england simple services plain churches wanted purify church england john elizabeth friends called puritans king change church england puritans began hold secret meetings homes barns king officers tried break services puritan leaders jail think king change let worship asked elizabeth think answered john stubborn insist worship commands don cruelly persecuted church members talking going holland live elizabeth
comfortable summers snowy winters beautiful scenery bring thousands visitors england large eastern cities york philadelphia welcomed friendly englanders run hotels motels summer resorts hundreds camps provide vacation spots boys girls crowded cities towns villages attract vacationers view white village churches history polly barton tell true family england shipload puritans spring arrives polly says move house hotel parents beach inland lake open shutters clean rooms wait visitors start arriving don wait soon families arrive car bus plane train lot englanders busy working service stations preparing meals washing dishes cleaning rooms making beds seeing comfortable village suddenly busy town happy tourists buy ice cream soft drinks souvenirs want taste delicious fresh seafood especially lobsters clams codfish halibut steaks waiting tables earn money summer
days later washington received important news british general returned york left small army trenton jersey washington learned british army trenton planning celebrate christmas decided strike christmas night led army delaware filled floating ice terribly cold winter night suffered frozen hands feet clock morning washington attacked british surprise expected attack soon christmas washington army won complete victory british lost prisoners quantities guns ammunition americans greatly encouraged victory days later force british soldiers commanded general cornwallis arrived trenton late afternoon cornwallis decided put fighting named william disagreed sir sure washington answered cornwallis troops tired tomorrow morning rested bag fox won ah lord william washington soldier fear find tomorrow night fires burned american camp seen throwing walls earth sound voices plainly heard british
late december evening bright stars shone sky small valley western north carolina brisk wind blew mountains light snow fallen drifted small clearing forest pioneer cabin located inside cabin sat warm glow stone fireplace rough table split logs spoke low voices want disturb children sleeping side room younger daniel boone age thirty known wilderness frontier cabin fur trader traveled country west mountains called western land kaintuck talked experiences daniel listened intently tell dan seen place land gently rolling green meadows forests soil rich deer beaver panthers wildcats geese duck thicker fleas hound dog wild turkeys fly cooking pot daniel laughed quietly trail leads country kaintuck asked trail leads break mountains friend answered spring show daniel boone heard lands west mountains eager
large part nation meat processing cities omaha kansas city st louis st paul packinghouses cattle sheep hogs put hundreds pens animals slaughtered meat cleaned put raw huge coolers needed market shipped refrigerator cars trucks rest meat smoked boiled baked canned frozen wasted packinghouses animal hides turned leather bones making fertilizer waste fat goes soap brushes manufactured bristles pigs glands animals furnish bases medicines cortisone insulin part animal squeal manufactured goods known products industry thousands involved process preparing meat products american smelting steel important industry north central states materials needed steelmaking easily transported mills region limestone needed blast furnaces comes michigan coal brought illinois west virginia kentucky lake michigan millions gallons water cool steel iron ore needed steel mills shipped boat ports cleveland gary chicago detroit
colonial times immigrants countries live america civil war hundreds thousands women children america join friends relatives wrote letters opportunities america addition railroads steamship lines owners industries europe tell land jobs united states jobs mines logging camps industries immigrants america jobs let mary russia tell pilgrims america seeking children wanted freedom religion wanted children education america school america brought muscles ideas worked built roads railroads built buildings bridges worked factories mines farmed land put ideas science art music gave language learned english customs foods part america america gave country mary russia famous writer immigrant andrew carnegie scotland helped build nation steel industry samuel gompers england mary harris mother jones ireland started labor unions help american workers
rocky mountain region beauty valuable resources look map yellowstone national park located northwest corner wyoming group exploring region natural wonders sat campfire discussed land divided wonderful hot springs waterfalls marvelous profit preserved forever benefit enjoyment believe federal government entire region national park congress establish area national park wonders nature historical places rocky mountain region set national parks national monuments include grand teton national park glacier national park craters moon national monument states look national parks maps pages today places belong country let imagine going bus trip park road takes winding route cool deep forests tall pine trees tower fish streams road open space trees deer quietly browsing animals afraid region turned park rule hunt kill animals
happened country happened oregon nez perce raised fine livestock northeast part gold found peacefully refused moved reservation idaho chief joseph think creator dispose fit thought creator induced think dispose president ulysses grant tribe permission stay army move idaho chief joseph led march canada hoped find safety sitting bull months struggling ahead army chasing forced surrender joseph surrender speech famous small part speech chiefs killed dead led young dead cold blankets children freezing death run hills want look find maybe find dead hear chiefs tired heart sick sad sun stands fight forever surprised letter oregon
million indians live mexico learned speak spanish speak indian languages ancestors makes difficult part nation share benefits ideas ways mexico population increasing rapidly country needs schools hospitals highways power plants dams provide water additional farmland houses cities water systems factories learned things cost money build mexico rich land capital build schools highways dams hospitals water systems factories needed ways leaders working solve problems going trip mexico mexicans making progress latin america let imagine taking trip mexico pacific coast gulf mexico find map page start ago spanish ruled mexico colonial times ships sailed port china philippines today mainly tourist resort hot dry winter climate sandy beaches fine hotels attract visitors mexico united states half mile sea southern sierra madre rise jumbled mass
find cuzco map days incas city palaces beautifully decorated gold terraced gardens echoed calls birds brought lands musicians flutes drums played streets priests sun god held ceremonies huge stone temples city thousands laborers constructed massive stone forts built stones big automobiles fitted closely today knife blade inserted spanish destroyed inca temples built city buildings constructed top inca buildings visitors inca stone walls spanish plastered walls spaniards cut stones fort building material today cuzco reminds peru indian spanish nation eastern slopes andes drop sharply sea level find iquitos region largest city maps page altitude heavy precipitation inches cm falls region rain brought winds atlantic check bar graph page precipitation iquitos compare lima cuzco seen airplane eastern lowlands flat land endless green forests laced hundreds winding rivers catch glimpse indian village small clearings riverbanks
coffee trees grow warm frost free climate southeastern brazil trees feet meters high begin produce burst bloom october thousands workers picking red coffee berries plantation headquarters machines coffee beans berries workers wash beans spread sun stir rakes dry beans cleaned packed burlap bags shipped warehouses sao paulo santos brazil main coffee port thousands families eastern brazil earn living raising preparing coffee market coffee prices united states nations high prosper prices low suffer money buy food clothing farm northeastern brazil series ups downs rain falls crops prosper rains cease crops cotton corn beans turn brown cattle starve burned pastures dry spell lasts thousands move cities farmers bad sharecroppers living cultivating fields landowners big estates sharecroppers read write learned modern farming methods receive barely feed clothe families
fifteen civil war small boy lived large house ohio wide round gray eyes hair behave mother tried curl hair curl tried part middle part tried pat smoothly stay put al called short friends grown village boys girls sizes ages workmen shipbuilding yards home al loved slip house trot wharves fast short round legs yards pick tools ask questions question ten questions poor workmen lose patience send home al asked friends questions asked sky moon round square asked tomorrow machinery wings baby birds nest maple tree poor friends cried despair don al ask gravely don al edison eager find things tried queer experiments
shut eyes try imagine couldn color sky couldn hear mother call dinner ready couldn tongue say single word hard imagine happy brightly colored noisy hear speak children named helen keller born tiny roomed alabama cottage helen happy baby half small born blue eyes pink ears tongue baby cruel fever closed blue eyes shut pink ears forever small baby remember things soon helen forgot yellow roses fields sky looked forgot talk hear learned nod head meant yes shake meant pull mother skirts push hungry pointed mouth angry threw ground screamed grew older helen began find queer puzzling things black unknown feel mother lips moving strangely sat lap tried move lips
wonderful thing happened summer morning helen teacher walking dooryard sunshine stopped drink pump blind girl felt cool water splashing hands miss sullivan spelled palm sign word water helen knew queer word hand cool wet feeling water meant thing happy discovery jumped ran yard touching reach asking names grass stones flowers easy teach helen eager learn word hard understand love asked helen sign language picked flower smelled asked sweet smell answered miss sullivan sun persisted helen miss sullivan took helen hand heart love happy feeling helen learned meaning important word language knew listen talk ten fingers found kiss mother baby sister smile miss sullivan boston perkins institute blind helen learned
noontime poor riding road tired hungry wished stop rest finding tree low branches tied horse sat eat dinner soon rich started tie horse tree fasten horse tree cried poor horse savage kill fasten tree tie horse wish rich replied tied horse tree sat eat soon heard noise looked saw horses kicking fighting rushed stop late rich horse dead horse cried rich angry voice pay pay dragged judge wise judge cried justice beautiful kind gentle horse killed savage horse pay horse send prison fast friend judge sides case turned poor horse kill horse asked poor reply judge asked surprise wrong talk
oak reed grew river wonder sorrowful moaning weak wren burden lightest breeze storm wind look storm able bow head safer grow close side shelter wind playing leaves worry reed reason fear wind bow break laughs laughs night fearful hurricane oak stood erect reed bowed blast wind grew furious uprooting proud oak flung ground morning stood slender reed glittering dewdrops softly swaying breeze fly alighted night pot honey finding taste began eat edges soon crept farther edge jar found stuck fast legs wings smeared honey moth flew seeing struggling foolish fly greedy caught appetite poor fly say
boy worked hard field barn shed poor farmers pay workman sunset hour father boy top hill look hill rose miles hill stood house windows clear gold diamonds shone blazed boy wink look house put shutters looked common farmhouse boy supposed suppertime house supper bread milk bed boy father called boy earned holiday remember god gave try learn thing boy thanked father kissed mother put piece bread pocket started find house golden windows pleasant walking bare feet marks white dust looked footprints making company shadow dance run pleased cheerful
remember pharaoh king egypt refused let children israel god plagues pharaoh egypt plagues locusts god caused strong east wind blow night wind brought locusts ground pharaoh house houses ate vegetables fruits leaves trees green left land noise awful pharaoh lord strong west wind blew locusts drowned red sea thought locusts say pharaoh believe tell tonight heard locust mother wondered dinner blackberries ripe wished pies afternoon took pail started blackberry field didn tell going wanted surprise mother afraid knew let timid snakes sure saw snake nearly thing harmless garter snake scuttled bushes soon heard lots lots red berries ripe
lonely rock northeast coast england stands lighthouse midst deep sea waters light tower shone sea friendly careful waters dangerous rocks friendly light say family lived lighthouse order watch light tower father darling mother daughter grace waters stormy darling leave light night knew watch lighthouse faithful lighthouse keeper taught daughter brave ready part grace darling taught brave dangers lighthouse home sea waters angry times beat rock meant wash dash pieces night terrible storm sea roared waves beat rock mighty force cold waters northern sea leaped air water lighthouse stood silent firm midst terrible storm trying friendly beams tower light reach farther waters
jacob twelve sons loved joseph joseph older brothers jealous favorite night joseph dreamed strange dream binding sheaves field brothers lo sheaf arose stood upright behold sheaves stood round obeisance sheaf brothers heard dream hated saw meant chief older brothers feeding flocks fields joseph getting saw behold dreamer cometh let slay say evil beast hath devoured reuben oldest agree throw joseph pit leave afterward thought joseph carry home brothers stripped joseph beautiful coat colors father threw pit leaving sold merchants egypt killed kid dipped joseph coat blood took father found jacob thought wild beasts killed son mourned dead joseph traveled southward reached palm trees pyramids banks nile
american fairly sure ancestors lived think arrived body mind today begun understand reached begun learn settlers began move northeastern asia call alaska thousands ago earliest americans crossed place bering strait lies today small groups times period known ice age began million ago thousands ice covered large areas earth large amounts water frozen form ice water froze land places water oceans times oceans feet lower today times broad area land bering strait today miles wide earliest settlers walk left asia crossed america bridge land water americans quick strong lasting homes animal trails led move wandering hunters chased ice age animals bison camels mammoths mastodons antelope coyotes giant ground sloths horses
hundred columbus visited america europeans explored land sea important reasons carrying voyages exploration reason europeans wanted america bring christian religion indians kings europe thought duty send purpose reason search gold silver kings hoped grow rich mines america gold silver needed pay silks spices east asians gold silver return goods explorers kings hired imitate columbus interesting ideas reach indies begin call early part explorers tried routes added knowledge earth seamen mind john cabot columbus born genoa italy young cabot worked spice trade city venice decided try route northwest columbus route hoped reach east indies quickly cheaply east indies produced spices europeans wanted badly
france bit spain portugal england race send explorers king francis throne wanted colonize america soon french found race france sailors french coastal towns st looked sea genoa italy bristol england tagus river portugal dreamed lands opportunities side sea fishermen french towns fished shores newfoundland began going soon cabot voyage page frenchmen eating newfoundland codfish french looked soon learned furs timber valuable things found magellan voyage page named antonio palace french king gave king francis copy report written magellan voyage report trip palace talked deal important book francis influenced book advisers discussion king decided wanted open direct northern route east
middle french english wanted land area lying ohio river mississippi river lakes st lawrence river controlled area control mississippi valley large part north america look map page french built number forts guard land france claimed british built forts english soldiers watch french forts french forts built place spread french built forts ohio river valley chance english crossing appalachian mountains french soldiers stop enemies french bravely explored area west appalachians think trips champlain brule marquette joliet pages english explore west appalachian mountains busy finding food building homes colonies atlantic coast english colonists worked hard wanted raise crops obtain goods ship europe europeans wanted buy furs english colonists began trapping trading western side appalachian mountains groups english traders carried fur trade
britain treated colonies fairly americans concerned knew english policy change voice parliament english policy change laws passed angered americans thought purpose laws limit freedom actually england trying solve pressing problems english indian war cost english amount money british lawmakers thought american colonists pay part debt mother country helped english colonists gain freedom french indian attacks trouble west appalachians remember proclamation area indian reservation settlers traders trouble arisen traders settlers indians british wanted peace area need pass laws force members parliament britain lawmakers tried deal british debt tried deal area appalachians efforts help british satisfy colonists colonists feel british action annoy british wanted bring peace frontier reason commander chief general king forces america colonists believed king soldiers force wishes colonists
colonists effort avoid war representatives colony attended continental congress george iii paper called olive branch petition purpose seek peaceful solution conflict english americans late summer news george iii refused petition patriots angry felt rebels continental congress decided colonists needed large army congress met group called green mountain boys captured crown point fort ticonderoga forts northern end lake george leader green mountain boys young named ethan allen asked gave capture fort ticonderoga answered loudly jehovah continental congress americans encouraged allen success knew needed trained equipped professional army congress believed george washington leader fight members rose speeches praising popular virginian agreed experienced soldier america washington named commander chief continental army john adams member continental congress wrote wife commander chief told washington chosen lead american soldiers
week congress declared war britain napoleon began attack russia french leader won battles efforts win control europe british upset fight napoleon europe europe fight america thought war minds whip americans soundly course americans afraid knew poorly country armed republicans cutting size army navy united states declared war powerful nation anyway fighting began thousand regular army military leaders strong secretary war william friendly doctor care wounded bunker hill end resigned fighting war chief army officer major general henry dearborn think dearborn started doctor medicine politics dearborn ability military leader william hull help fifty hero american revolution president madison brigadier general put charge group soldiers detroit
andrew jackson known president reasons help explain jackson popular president unpopular office unlike previous presidents jackson socially important family americans able vote election earlier states allowed owned amount property vote early hampshire dropped property requirements requirements changed male taxpayers part elections requirements ended white united states vote unable participate government women indians continued excluded political process situation free blacks worse number states taking part elections black won freedom north white americans determined competing equal basis rewritten constitutions allow black vote owned property extending vote election leaders interested satisfying wishes growing number americans jackson support ordinary believed chosen white house popular leaders pushed laws programs benefit ordinary
england middle atlantic states northwest section nation called north growth manufacturing section caused place greatest result growth industry buy goods household goods clothing tools machines gadgets increasing amount goods changed lives americans imagined took interest american living grew envy growth industry north began move factory mill towns moved order earn money farmers worked factories farmers england parts middle atlantic states making money main reason farmers northeast prospering opening erie canal farmers northwest send grain eastern markets easily crops raised fertile cheap land farmers sell grain eastern farmers factories set northwest main business growing grain farmers northwest money selling grain east able buy manufactured goods produced east senator explained sections northeast northwest helped
saw line sherman march south carolina area looked broad black streak ruin waste fences lonesome chimneys surrounded ashes cinders marking spots houses stood daily southerners completely upset planters lost property thought war cost southerners depended slavery growing cotton lost heavily doctors shopkeepers lawyers hard job finding pay services overseers learned hands find white farmers poor war harder hated slave owners blamed brought war thousands farmers alabama mississippi left homes took families looked land west took jobs iron factories south beginning places south freed stayed plantations war working poor slave houses home slaves find slaves white living method farming called sharecropping
civil war ended united states fast turning industrialized countries northern industries begun grow war war larger order provide supplies union army pages important reason growth industries americans changed minds factories earlier days believed farming sure farmers community prosperous later began think surest community grow rich start manufacturing older american industries grew larger cotton cloth boots shoes canned goods railroad engines goods industries appearing important industry steel industry making steel iron patented making iron pure treating melted number business ideas method successful andrew carnegie america scotland boy immigrants carnegie saw united states land opportunity believed hard american accomplish carnegie willing hard boy age twelve took job pennsylvania cotton factory carnegie success business
civil war thousands veterans west obtain free land white black southerners northerners searching lives plains reason americans west congress passed homestead act gave citizens acres free land heads families twenty age live homestead row groups worked farmers free land obtained land homestead act satisfied reasons land farmers land speculators eastern farmers looking land money move west workers found easy leave jobs farmers successful farmer required training money started early farming states bordering mississippi river obtained land plains moved west oregon trail passed large area thought useless land dry farm settling plains farmers face solve problems dreamed took discover solutions problem find build fences
end hitler generals decided effort plan drive middle allied lines hoped separate defeat allied armies germans able put huge bulge allied lines lines sagged belgium broke germany lost battle bulge called battle bulge allies began pour germany march americans took city cologne rhine river soviet armies pushing germany east allies rushed capital city berlin hitler committed suicide soviets took berlin eisenhower soldiers central germany south british canadian forces swept country northern plains victory europe germany surrendered allied forces advancing found prison camps called concentration camps parts germany nazis herded millions camps largest group prisoners jews germany conquered countries prisoners included thousands non jews opposed nazis died disease starvation camps thousands put death commonly gas chambers part hitler plan kill considered unacceptable
cold war begun war dragged dwight eisenhower office united states soviet union able avoid armed conflict grew distrustful nations began build military tried weapons competition known arms race united states soviet union atomic bomb working hard build powerful weapon november united states exploded hydrogen bomb force thousand times greater atomic bomb destroyed hiroshima later soviet union hydrogen bomb ways delivering bombs developed supersonic airplanes flew faster speed sound atomic powered submarines stay underwater weeks end guided missiles hit targets greater greater distances outgrowth arms race space race soviet union launched space vehicle circled earth sputnik satellite called worried united states feared soviets soon able attack united states outer space country immediately stepped space program satellite explorer soon united states soviet union weapons destroy times
problems faced united states abroad existed country problems pressing united states treated black citizens reconstruction number laws court rulings discriminated black americans blacks voting getting jobs receiving educations laws based supreme court decision stated separate equal public transportation blacks whites legal ruling court allowed segregation separation races founding national association advancement colored naacp fighting segregation courts country victories naacp won important battle case brown board education topeka naacp lawyers argued segregation public schools unconstitutional supreme court agreed chief justice earl warren wrote separate public schools equal later court ordered segregation ended deliberate speed segregation soon challenged areas public transportation south blacks required ride separate sections buses trains seats black stand december rosa parks black seamstress montgomery alabama refused give seat public bus white
map page shows americans cross continent thousands ago sheets ice called glaciers covered north america water locked ice level oceans lower today floor bering strait covered water dry land buffalo grazing animals wandered land bridge asia north america small bands hunters wandering animals asia america women children hunting bands america idea entering land lived thousands bands hunters drifted north america descendants spread western hemisphere map shows western hemisphere includes north central south america eventually land bridge asia cut water americans continued follow roaming herds animals ancient hunting making living starving find kill wild animals women children took part hunt caribou kind large deer favorite game hunters hunted buffalo animals ways making kill
portugal reached markets asia sailing africa spain found route south america england france wanted route asia searched route northern north america called route northwest passage italian sea captain named john cabot led english search northern route asia week voyage atlantic cabot reached newfoundland sailed south east coast island days turned headed england english king rewarded cabot money agreed sponsor expedition cabot lost sea voyage trip established english claim north america french voyage north america commanded italian named giovanni da verrazano sailed france ashore north carolina met friendly dressed animal skins wearing garlands feathers sailing north verrazano stopped coast places including york harbor sea captain explored north america france jacques cartier expedition explored gulf st lawrence river cartier voyage north america important st lawrence point montreal stands spending winter learned cold north american climate
lord baltimore catholic friend king england part northern virginia called area maryland lord baltimore wanted maryland place catholics worship freely catholics maryland protestants protect catholic minority lord baltimore promised freedom religion christians group english investors granted permission colonize area south virginia area known carolina owners planned sell carolina products england profit rice important product south carolina grown marshy fields large plantations african slaves blacks carolina early spanish black brought south carolina soon outnumbered whites half colony north carolina north carolina settled moved south virginia settlers grew tobacco pine forests lumber pitch tar shipbuilding north carolina government english colony founded georgia english general named james oglethorpe idea starting colony place prisoners begin oglethorpe arrived georgia group settlers imprisoned able pay debts family acres land
war broke britain france war result french revolution french overthrown king queen set republic leadership napoleon france conquered europe leaders britain wanted stop conquest feared idea overthrowing kings queens spread maybe britain americans divided feelings events france republicans led thomas jefferson james madison thought aims french revolution american revolution federalists opposed french revolution united states friendly britain france king queen france executed americans agreed federalists shocked violent act americans wanted involved european conflict washington policy neutrality united states britain ordered navy seize ships traded france colonies france began seizing ships trading britain united states caught middle soon john adams president france united states unfriendly page france tried americans trading britain united states meddling congress stopped trade france united states france war read earlier president adams country peace
war fought control kentucky called lord dunmore war shawnee indians lived north ohio river kentucky hunting ground pioneer families wanted kentucky farms fighting broke governor dunmore virginia seized entire area virginia militia defeated indians forced sign treaty indians give claim kentucky leading indian logan friend white lord dunmore war logan family murdered logan war settlers famous speech explained action appeal white say entered logan cabin hungry gave meat love whites countrymen pointed passed logan friend white thought lived injuries spring cold blood murdered relations logan sparing women children runs drop blood veins living creature called revenge sought killed fully satisfied vengeance country rejoice beams peace think mine joy fear logan felt fear turn heel save
important factor election kind campaigning politicians learned organization win elections national committees set run political campaigns candidates began talk directly voters songs pamphlets barbecues rallies part political campaigning jackson supporters sang song tune auld lang song praised hickory jackson nicknamed attacked adams democratic national republican newspapers attacks candidate national republicans jackson ordered death innocent soldiers creek war page jackson fought illegal couldn read write democrats accused john adams stealing presidency called adams candidate rich votes counted jackson won western southern states england remained loyal adams march poured washington hero office sworn president jackson white house meet supporters eyewitness scene president nearly pressed death torn pieces wanted shake hand retreated glass china broken struggle refreshments ladies fainted seen bloody noses scene confusion took place impossible describe
early americans wanted build railroad link california eastern states stephen douglas senator illinois wanted railway line run chicago california land bought louisiana purchase page land crossed railroad territories congress faced question slavery territories senator douglas offered plan territories called nebraska kansas voters territory decide slavery allowed douglas expected nebraska free kansas slave number free slave states equal thought north south happy plan congress douglas passed kansas nebraska act northerners unhappy kansas nebraska act remembered compromise banned slavery northern part louisiana territory page law ended compromise maps page northerners feared south trying open nation slavery settlers nebraska free states proslavery antislavery settlers kansas group determined fight beliefs proslavery newspaper kansas promised lynch hang tar feather drown white abolitionist dares pollute soil
ago fathers brought continent nation conceived liberty dedicated proposition created equal engaged civil war testing nation nation conceived dedicated endure met battlefield war dedicate portion field final resting place gave lives nation live altogether fitting proper larger sense dedicate consecrate hallow ground brave living dead struggled consecrated poor power add detract note remember say forget living dedicated unfinished fought nobly advanced dedicated task remaining honored dead increased devotion gave full measure devotion highly resolve dead died vain nation god birth freedom government perish earth
policy indians refused give settle reservations indian agents charge reservations dishonest promised supplies indians choices stay reservations starve break reservations find food indians chose leave reservations fight army troops powerful indians southern tribes lived kansas colorado oklahoma north texas defeated northern tribes especially sioux cheyenne held longer miners broke treaties searched gold black hills dakota sioux protested black hills sacred land winter sioux began disappearing reservations june thousands gathered big horn river montana attacked colonel george armstrong custer fight custer lay dead months army rounded sioux forced reservations pacific northwest nez perce rebelled led famous chief joseph sioux defeated indian groups fought chief joseph spoke indians tired heart sick sad
magazines growing fast successful magazine women ladies home journal started publisher named cyrus curtis widely read women magazine country thirty edited edward bok united states netherlands boy bok chose articles journal told women families healthy improve homes magazine printed articles called reforms city government railroads public health popular magazines featured full page pictures news events romantic stories jokes poetry advice columns frank leslie leading publisher type magazine magazines called frank leslie popular monthly jolly joker chimney corner leslie died wife took business miriam leslie known empress journalism died left money women rights young magazines known youth companion st nicholas ran stories lord fauntleroy hans brinker silver skates reference books help find answers questions find factual information reference books answer fast need kind reference book kinds reference books listed books civil war offered
defeats women turned attention getting suffrage laws passed states women called suffragists success women won vote territory wyoming wyoming asked wyoming women allowed legislature telegram congress stay union hundred women congress finally agreed admit wyoming statehood women voters women country encouraged victory wyoming campaigning vote suffragists sang song suffragist leader named carrie chapman organized national american woman suffrage association aim group gain vote women members women help nation making sure reform laws passed women colorado utah idaho joined wyoming women gaining vote west rocky mountains passed woman suffrage laws york western states rankin montana took office united states congresswoman women leaders getting involved fields women active settlement house movement settlement houses centers helped poor cities jane addams set chicago
radios refrigerators washing machines vacuum cleaners invented items electricity war saving products manufactured large quantities started age electricity electrical appliances america servants electric refrigerator shop week fruit meat vegetables refrigerated spoiling canned goods popular writer boasted canning american family especially cities kitchen garden things grow harvest improvements helped free americans hours housework longer clean fill kerosene lamps electric light electric gas stoves easier coal wood burners oil furnaces began replace coal furnaces vacuum cleaners easier house clean shop groceries popular service stores called wiggly stores customers entered turnstiles chose foods wanted paid wiggly stores caused big change shopping past customers asked storekeeper items wanted customers wandered aisles goods sold technological advances easier result americans free
americans migrating millions big cities surrounding suburbs trend affected cities parts country recent change pattern rate growth big cities north slowed lost population moving region part country stretches south virginia southern california states grew rapidly americans move tired cold northern winters high prices pay heat homes tired problems overcrowding pollution looking jobs factories began moving south trend continued addition americans moving search jobs big change nation force number women holding jobs women jobs home graph page shows percentage women american labor force percentage labor force women growing number women entering force campaign women rights renewed women rights movement part american history
immigrant groups worked politics rights knew electing officials public office part making important decisions irish americans united states large numbers hard finding jobs discrimination result entered politics groups americans began political power rights cuban americans won political victories florida mexican americans continued active politics california southwest page herman badillo yorker born puerto rico elected congress american puerto rican background serve house representatives badillo politicians worked rights hispanic americans communities began print official publications english spanish schools held classes languages asian american ancestry won political victories hawaii japanese chinese americans congress california elected hayakawa candidate japanese background united states senate american indians gains politics forrest gerard blackfoot indian assistant secretary interior indian affairs highest public office held indian charles curtis osage elected vice president gerard indians greatest challenge find jobs keeping traditions
cent americans lived cities suburbs factories located areas crowding industry problem pollution page worse smoke factories cars air dirty cities industries poured wastes rivers lakes oceans polluted water huge areas farmland trash dumps pollution destroying nation resources federal government took steps stop pollution environmental protection agency epa set direct efforts stop water air land pollution nation water steadily growing united states needs water nation water polluted experts say cent nation major rivers polluted lake erie polluted called dead lake fish plant live lake recent nation tried clean water supply factories cities dump wastes rivers lakes pay fines private companies built plants waste materials progress cleaning nation water fish found waters able survive pollution doctors known air pollution danger health air pollution kills trees plants
air mixture gases oxygen carbon dioxide animals large small need oxygen live oxygen growing moving thinking body needs oxygen breathe oxygen breathe give carbon dioxide plants need oxygen animals plants oxygen grow plants oxygen produce flowers seeds nearly living things oxygen give carbon dioxide suppose living things oxygen suppose oxygen replaced think happen elodea green water plant aquariums looked elodea seen tiny bubbles leaves bubbles oxygen chemical action plant chemical action makes food plant oxygen green plants replace oxygen living things green plants food carbon dioxide water takes energy green plants energy sunlight plants energy electric lights green plants put oxygen air put oxygen oxygen animals plants animals interact green plants growing land things give oxygen
lawn sample find kinds living things predicted lawn community simple living things think living things depend interact ways grass green plants lawn food give oxygen food carbon dioxide water energy sunlight energy stored food animals eat plants energy green plants store food earthworms slugs snails eat parts green plants eat plants eat stored food say energy sun think ways earthworms interact plants earthworms holes soil making holes worms mix loosen soil plants grow easily kind soil earthworms interact animals birds rain desert temperature change hot daytime freezing night plants animals live cactus plants members desert communities cactus plants thick stems covering plants store water stems covering slows water loss plant desert animals special ways live rest hot dry days lie shade plants
water helps protect members pond community need live water fenced leave water pond dries die move pond woodchuck home dug move field deer danger run pond animals frogs turtles move pond animals fenced animals live water oxygen die turtles frogs surface water breathe lungs breathe air water animals air tubes young mosquitoes mosquito eggs hatch wigglers called larvae larvae need air surface larva takes air tube tail water animals surface air oxygen dissolved water oxygen gills fish tadpoles gills water insects gills dissolved oxygen seen comes air pond comes green water plants oxygen dissolves mixes water winter pond plants die fewer plants means oxygen animals live
need accurate measurements measure carefully mm error suppose hole mm small bolt suppose hole mm large bolt loose holes need need accurate parts watch camera need measured accurately mm large small things need measured accurately things need measured accurately wear belt approximately cm need measured accurately centimetre short won matter describe measurement distance accurately describe approximately measurement important pictures think measurements accurately approximately accurate accurate measurements need estimated means careful guess size ruler suppose want jump rope estimate rope buy need rope estimate wouldn need measure distances estimate
employers job connected big power house junction drawn carpenters strike delayed found anchored nearest habitable spot part winter chafed effect routine gradually began find grim satisfaction early part stay struck contrast vitality climate community december snows blazing blue sky poured torrents light air white landscape gave glitter supposed atmosphere quicken emotions blood produce change retarding sluggish pulse longer seen phase crystal clearness stretches sunless cold storms february pitched white tents devoted village wild cavalry march winds charged support began understand emerged months siege starved garrison quarter twenty earlier means resistance fewer enemy command lines access beleaguered villages considering things felt sinister force harmon phrase smart
village lay feet snow drifts windy corners sky iron points dipper hung icicles orion flashed cold fires moon set night transparent white house fronts elms looked gray snow clumps bushes black stains basement windows church shafts yellow light endless young ethan walked quick pace deserted street past bank michael brick store lawyer house black norway spruces gate opposite gate road fell valley church reared slim white steeple narrow young walked upper windows drew black arcade side wall building lower openings side ground sloped steeply road light shot bars illuminating fresh furrows track leading basement door showing adjoining shed line sleighs heavily blanketed horses night perfectly air dry pure gave sensation cold effect produced complete absence atmosphere tenuous ether intervened white earth feet metallic dome overhead exhausted receiver thought
stood darkness church memories vanished things watching mattie whirl floor hand hand wondered thought dull talk interested gay presence gaiety plain proof indifference face lifted dancers saw looked window caught sunset noticed gestures thought throwing head amused taste laugh let trick sinking lids slowly charmed moved sight unhappy unhappiness roused latent fears wife shown jealousy mattie late grumbled increasingly house found oblique ways attracting attention girl inefficiency called sickly admit ailing believed needed help stronger arm lay lightly night walks farm mattie natural turn housekeeping training remedy defect quick learn forgetful dreamy disposed matter seriously ethan idea marry fond dormant instinct wake pies biscuits pride country domesticity abstract interest
ethan left grays hale stable business village walked builder phrase lingered ears reflected grimly afternoon drawing end lighted pane spangled cold gray dusk snow look whiter bitter weather driven indoors ethan rural street suddenly heard brisk play sleigh bells cutter passed drawn free going horse ethan recognised michael colt young denis handsome fur cap leaned forward waved greeting hello shouted spun cutter going direction farm ethan heart contracted listened dwindling bells likely denis heard departure profiting opportunity spend hour mattie ethan ashamed storm jealousy breast unworthy girl thoughts violent walked church corner entered shade spruces stood night passed gloom saw indistinct outline ahead approach melted instant separate shapes conjoined heard kiss half laughing provoked discovery presence
finished supper mattie cleared table ethan look cows took turn house earth lay dark muffled sky air heard lump snow thumping tree edge wood lot returned kitchen mattie pushed chair stove seated lamp bit sewing scene dreamed morning sat drew pipe pocket stretched feet glow hard keen air feel lazy light mood confused sense warmth harmony bring change drawback complete fact mattie sat indolent move moment sit stove empty rocking chair stood facing mattie rose obediently seated young brown head detached patch cushion habitually framed wife gaunt countenance ethan momentary shock face face superseded woman obliterated intruder moment mattie affected sense constraint
morning breakfast powell ethan tried hide joy air exaggerated indifference lounging chair throw scraps cat growling weather offering help mattie rose clear dishes irrationally happy changed touched tip fingers looked full eyes evening vision side glad trouble sweetness picture fancy knew restrained load lumber hauled village powell regularly ethan winter round help job wet snow melting sleet fallen night turned roads glass wet air likely weather afternoon going safer ethan proposed assistant load sledge wood lot previous morning put till later plan advantage enabling send flats dinner meet took lumber village
gate making turned sorrel road mattie sat silent giving sign surprise moment going round shadow pond laughed answered knew drew closer bearskin looking sideways coat sleeve catch tip nose blown brown wave hair drove slowly road fields glistening pale sun bent lane edged spruce larch ahead range hills stained black forest flowed round white curves sky lane passed pine wood reddening afternoon sun delicate blue shadows snow entered breeze fell warm stillness drop branches dropping needles snow pure tiny tracks wood animals left intricate lace patterns bluish cones caught surface stood ornaments bronze ethan drove silence till reached part wood pines widely spaced drew helped mattie sleigh passed aromatic trunks snow breaking crisply feet till small sheet water steep wooded sides frozen surface farther bank single hill rising western sun threw conical shadow gave lake
tightened fierce hold neck face lay close face ethan leave don strange girl house sleep bed lay nights listen hear stairs words fragments torn heart hated vision house going stairs night woman wait sweetness mattie wild wonder knowing happened happened vision abhorrent intolerable return pleadings short sobs longer heard saying hat slipped stroking hair wanted feeling hand sleep seed winter found mouth pond burning august sun cheek touched cold full weeping saw road flats night heard whistle train line spruces swathed blackness silence coffins underground
beneath wondering exclamations felt secret curiosity impressions received night household divined breaking reserve let try penetrate mine confined saying matter fact tone received kindness bed room ground floor happier days fitted kind writing room study mrs hale mused storm suppose felt couldn guess hard ethan don believe re stranger set foot house twenty proud don oldest friends don doctor mrs hale ventured deal accident married think em feel worse thing troubles generally drive round summer try pick ethan somewheres bad women sitting face looks round bare place kills look call mother troubles
pleasure burn special pleasure things eaten things blackened changed brass nozzle fists python spitting venomous kerosene blood pounded head hands hands amazing conductor playing symphonies blazing burning bring tatters charcoal ruins history symbolic helmet numbered stolid head eyes orange flame thought flicked igniter house jumped gorging fire burned evening sky red yellow black strode swarm fireflies wanted joke shove marshmallow stick furnace flapping pigeon winged books died porch lawn house books sparkling whirls blew wind turned dark burning grinned fierce grin singed driven flame knew returned firehouse wink minstrel burnt corked mirror later going sleep feel fiery smile gripped face muscles dark smile remembered hung black beetle colored helmet shined hung jacket neatly showered whistling hands pockets walked upper floor fire station fell hole
machine machines slid stomach black cobra echoing looking water gathered drank green matter flowed top slow boil drink darkness suck poisons accumulated fed silence occasional sound suffocation blind searching eye impersonal operator machine wearing special optical helmet gaze soul person pumping eye say saw eye saw entire operation unlike digging trench yard woman bed hard stratum marble reached anyway shove bore slush emptiness thing brought throb suction snake operator stood smoking cigarette machine working machine operated equally impersonal fellow reddish brown coveralls machine pumped blood body replaced fresh blood serum clean em ways operator standing silent woman getting stomach don clean blood leave stuff blood blood hits brain mallet bang couple thousand times brain quits
ancient afraid children age kill uncle says friends shot ten died car wrecks afraid don afraid uncle says grandfather remembered children didn kill ago things believed responsibility uncle says responsible spanked needed ago shopping housecleaning hand watch ride subway look listen want figure want re going fun parks ride jet cars race edge town midnight police don care re insured ten thousand insurance happy sneak listen subways listen soda fountains don talk lot cars clothes swimming pools say swell say things says
read afternoon cold november rain fell sky quiet house sat hall parlor empty gray looking wall lit orange yellow confetti skyrockets women gold mesh dresses black velvet pulling hundred pound rabbits silver hats parlor dead mildred peering blank expression paced floor squatted read page ten times aloud tell precise moment friendship formed filling vessel drop drop drop makes run series kindnesses makes heart run sat listening rain girl door tried hard figure dead let talk alive goodness sake look wife trembling hall kitchen stood watching rain hit windows hall gray light waiting tremble subside opened book favourite subject squinted wall favourite subject understand mildred favorite subject wasn person liked
front door opened slowly peered looking light fragile afraid looked house white plaster walls inside white flesh mouth cheeks hair white eyes faded white vague blueness eyes touched book arm look fragile slowly fear sorry careful looked book arm stop true stepped inside door shut sit backed feared book vanish took eyes door bedroom stood open room litter machinery steel tools strewn desktop glimpse seeing attention diverted turned quickly shut bedroom door stood holding knob trembling hand gaze returned unsteadily seated book lap book stole raised eyes looked directly face re brave wife dying friend mine dead friend burnt twenty hours ago
stood looking women faces looked faces saints strange church entered child faces enameled creatures meant talked stood church trying religion trying religion trying raw incense special dust place lungs blood feel touched concerned meaning colorful women porcelain eyes blood ruby lips stroll store currency strange unusable passion cold touched wood plaster clay parlor women twisting chairs gaze lighting cigarettes blowing smoke touching sun fired hair examining blazing fingernails caught fire look faces grew haunted silence leaned forward sound swallowing final bite food listened feverish breathing empty walls room pale brows sleeping giants empty dreams felt touched staring brows feel fine salt sweat fingertips perspiration gathered silence trembling women burning tension
wait discovered leave burn spread bed touched burn chair living room wall incinerator wipe furniture alcohol wipe doorknobs burn throw rug parlor turn air conditioning full rooms spray moth spray turn lawn sprinklers high hose sidewalks luck kill trail anyway shook hand tend luck re health week week touch general delivery st louis sorry earphone equipment limited thought silly thought stupid stupid haven green bullet kind put head thing quick suitcase fill dirtiest clothes suit dirtier shirt sneakers socks minute sealed cardboard valise clear tape ancient odor course sweating job doused exterior valise whiskey don want hound picking odors
camera hovering belly helicopter swung empty street whispered granger end street victim camera coming building scene suspense shot poor fellow walk rarity odd don think police don habits queer ducks walk mornings hell reasons insomnia anyway police charted months sort information handy today turns usable saves face god look fire bent forward screen turned corner mechanical hound rushed forward viewer suddenly helicopter lights shot dozen brilliant pillars built cage voice cried search innocent stood bewildered cigarette burning hand stared hound knowing knew glanced sky wailing sirens camera rushed hound leapt air rhythm sense timing incredibly beautiful needle shot suspended moment gaze give vast audience appreciate raw look victim face empty street steel animal bullet nosing target
broadcasting stations beams color light talk chatter falling flat going saw felt imagined saw felt walls dark millie face heard screaming millionth part left saw face reflected mirror crystal ball wildly empty face room touching starved eating recognized looked quickly ceiling entire structure hotel blasted carrying million pounds brick metal plaster wood meet hives quick cellar explosion rid unreasonable remember clung earth remember chicago chicago ago millie met remember chicago ago concussion knocked air river turned line blew water lifting sprays blew dust trees mourn wind passing south crushed squeezing small eyes tight blinked instant saw city bombs air
forest oak trees mountain town forest green summer town stumps broken trunks ground torn end fall oak forest saw cloud coming mountain fast sun dull yellow gray sky covered cloud mountain suddenly snow snow slanted wind bare ground covered stumps trees projected snow guns paths snow going latrines trenches later town watched snow falling looking window house house officers sat friend glasses drinking bottle looking snow falling slowly heavily knew river mountains mountains river left friend saw priest mess going street walking carefully slush pounded window attract attention priest looked saw smiled
left working car looking disgraced empty engine open parts spread bench shed looked cars moderately clean freshly washed dusty looked tires carefully looking cuts stone bruises condition evidently difference look things imagined condition cars things obtainable smooth functioning business removing wounded sick dressing stations hauling mountains clearing station distributing hospitals named papers depended considerable extent evidently matter trouble getting parts asked sergeant mechanic signor gasoline park place house drank bowl coffee mess table coffee pale gray sweet condensed milk window lovely spring morning beginning feeling dryness nose meant hot later visited posts mountains town late afternoon thing run
wide road finished mountain bridge road finished offensive start forest sharp turns system bring road empty trucks carts loaded ambulances returning traffic narrow road dressing station austrian side river edge hill stretcher bearers bring wounded pontoon bridge offensive started mile road started level able shelled steadily austrians looked mess found place cars sheltered passed bad looking bit wait wounded brought pontoon bridge liked drive road finished looked wide grade turns looked impressive openings forest mountain side cars metal metal brakes anyway coming loaded drove narrow road held car shell fallen waited fell road
room windows hand side door end dressing room row beds mine faced windows row windows faced wall lay left side dressing room door door end going die put screen bed die shoes doctors nurses showed bottom screen end whispering priest screen afterward nurses screen carrying dead blanket corridor beds folded screen took morning major charge ward asked felt travel ship early morning making trip hot lifted bed carry dressing room look window graves garden soldier sat door opened garden making crosses painting names rank regiment buried garden
light dim room shutters opened bright sunlight looked balcony tile roofs houses chimneys looked tiled roofs saw white clouds sky blue don nurses coming don care re nice bedpan try helped held afterward lay looked open doors balcony doctor tried telephone lake como doctors doctor hospital miss gage brought pitcher water glass drank glasses left looked window sleep ate lunch afternoon miss van superintendent small neatly suspicious position asked questions think disgraceful italians wine meals asked doctor prescribes comes absolutely plan eventually telephoned lake como
happened afternoon doctor thin quiet disturbed war took number small steel splinters thighs delicate refined distaste local anaesthetic called snow froze tissue avoided pain probe scalpel forceps frozen portion area clearly defined patient doctor fragile delicacy exhausted ray probing unsatisfactory ray doctor excitable efficient cheerful arranged holding shoulders patient personally larger foreign bodies machine plates doctor requested write pocket notebook regiment sentiment declared foreign bodies ugly nasty brutal austrians sons bitches killed killed anxious killed plenty miss gage doctor put arm beautiful cleopatra understand cleopatra queen egypt yes god returned hospital ambulance lifting upstairs bed
hospital letters official weeks convalescent leave return front read carefully convalescent leave started october fourth course finished weeks twenty days october twenty told restaurant street hospital supper read letters della table letter grandfather family news patriotic encouragement draft hundred dollars clippings dull letter priest mess letter knew flying french gotten wild gang telling note asking going news wanted bring phonograph records enclosed list drank small bottle meal coffee afterward glass cognac finished paper put letters pocket left paper table tip room hospital undressed put pajamas dressing gown pulled curtains door opened balcony sitting bed read boston papers pile mrs meyers left boys hospital
turned cold night raining coming home rained hard wet room rain coming heavily balcony wind blew glass doors changed clothing drank brandy brandy taste felt sick night morning breakfast nauseated doubt house surgeon look whites eyes miss miss gage looked look glass whites eyes yellow jaundice sick weeks reason spend convalescent leave planned nice fall leaves turn walks troll trout lake stresa fewer stresa easy milan nice village row islands fisherman live restaurant biggest island bed jaundice miss van room opened door saw empty bottles
porter platform looking train crowding past aisle door machine gunner sat corner full compartment rucksack head luggage rack standing corridor compartment looked places train hostile machine gunner stood sit tapped shoulder looked tall gaunt captain artillery red scar jaw looked glass corridor say asked turned faced taller face thin shadow cap visor scar shiny compartment looking soldier save place swallowed saw adam apple machine gunner stood front place looked glass compartment hours want seat
noon stuck muddy road nearly figure ten kilometres rain stopped forenoon times heard planes coming seen pass overhead watched left heard bombing main highroad worked network secondary roads roads blind backing finding road gotten closer car backing blind road gotten soft earth side wheels spinning dug deeper deeper car rested differential thing dig front wheels put brush chains grip push car road road car sergeants looked car examined wheels started road word cut brush busy cut brush hurry start look order car cut brush sergeant turned cut
walked railroad track sides stretched wet plain ahead plain hill roofs fell castle hill clock tower mulberry trees fields ahead saw place rails torn ties dug thrown embankment dropped embankment group bicyclists passing road looked edge saw saw killed don want re re danger suddenly walk sight walk tracks think asked sure dark staff car christ knows tracks tired walking mud embankment rest railway moved south highway passed road short bridge canal blown climbed left span heard firing ahead
stood rain listened facing officers prisoner stood front side going shoot lieutenant colonel shoot questioning questioning stupid sign cross officers spoke wrote pad paper abandoned troops ordered shot took lieutenant colonel river bank walked rain hat side watch shoot heard shots questioning officer separated troops allowed explanation cried read sentence pad paper questioning shot point intent questioning questioned shot obviously wait questioned break obviously german italian uniform saw minds worked minds worked young saving country army re formed executing officers rank major separated troops
middle january beard winter settled bright cold days hard cold nights walk roads snow packed hard smooth hay sleds wood sledges logs hauled mountain snow lay country mountains side lake white plain rhone valley covered took walks side mountain de catherine wore boots cape carried stick sharp steel point look big cape walk fast stopped sat logs roadside rest tired inn trees de woodcutters stopped drink sat inside warmed stove drank hot red wine spices lemon called thing warm celebrate inn dark smoky inside afterward cold air sharply lungs numbed edge nose inhaled looked inn light coming windows woodcutters horses stamping jerking heads warm frost hairs muzzles breathing plumes frost air
door hall room catherine baby sat chair looked room paper coat bought lunch read beginning dark turned light read stopped reading turned light watched dark wondered doctor send maybe wanted looked watch send ten minutes anyway poor poor dear cat price paid sleeping end trap loving thank god gas anyway started mill race catherine pregnancy wasn bad sick uncomfortable end hell married fifty times die won die don die childbirth nowadays husbands thought yes die won die bad
sat chair front table nurses reports hung clips side looked window dark rain falling light window baby dead doctor looked tired acted room supposed start breathing religion knew baptized breathed alive catherine felt kick week maybe choked poor kid wished hell choked didn dying catherine die died learn threw told rules caught base killed killed gave syphilis killed end count stay kill camp put log top fire full ants commenced burn ants swarmed centre fire turned ran end
watched stages fruit flies cycle started adult fruit flies cycle ended adults end suppose started pupae happen able watch stage cycle suppose started larvae larvae happen study fruit flies start stage stage stage stage cycle fruit fly starts egg ends adult beginning end fruit fly species stages order stages stages follow order egg larva pupa adult egg larva pupa adult cycle happens cycle species repeats stages cycle drawn circle matter stage follow order suppose kind living thing disappear earth found difference stage found eggs larvae pupae adults found stage cycle going
late spring female snapping turtle leaves water digs hole sandy soil lays eggs turtle eggs tough shell covers eggs sandy soil leaves stages cycle turtle egg young adult weeks young turtles hatch dig sand walk water turtles adults rats animals hair called mammals female mammal produces tiny eggs inside body baby begins grow inside egg mother body baby small leaves mother body takes care feeds protects grows adult stages cycle rat egg young adult pictures shows stage cycle guess stage stage comes tell entire cycle animal tomato plant seed plant seeds grow inside tomatoes tomatoes called fruit tomato seed planted sprouts tiny seedling seedling leaves seedling grows quickly large plant leaves flowers part flower seeds seeds flower parts later tomato
kinds wasps lay eggs nest wasps lay eggs caterpillars caterpillars important wasps cycle wasp eggs tiny larvae larvae eat caterpillar live parts caterpillar body caterpillar turns pupa wasp larva caterpillar pupa dies wasp pupae hatch adult wasps wasps escape making hole side dead caterpillar pupa fly female wasps begin cycle lay eggs caterpillars wasps called parasites cycle parasite living thing needed parasite lives living thing wasp parasite caterpillar wasp food supply suppose large numbers caterpillars eaten birds affect cycle wasps cicada large flying insect stages cycle egg nymph adult male buzzing sound treetops summer spend lives underground kind cicada spends underground female cicada cuts slits young twigs lays eggs slits damages twigs twigs break tree fall ground
connect bulb cell bulb lights electric circuit circuit sort loop beginning end word circuit think circle circle beginning end bulb lights flow circuit called electricity circuit path electricity moves electricity moves flows circuit flows wires bulb cell red line shows flows electricity circuit electricity flows makes bulb light cell needed electricity flow electricity move circuit takes energy energy stored cell bulb energy changed heat light energy bulb picture light light closed circuit opening gap gap circuit open electricity flow gap bulb light turn electric light switch wondered switch works switch closing opening gap electric current
predict happen circuit connect things electricity flows cells bulbs connected wires electricity flows flow flow traffic wires roads wires roads branch wires roads switch drawbridge open flow stops cells circuit bulbs cells connected ways cells connected parallel tops cells connected bottoms cells connected shown drawing cells connected series wire connects bottom cell top cell cells series connected wires touch top bottom cells inside flashlight arranged cells connected series light bulb brightly cell adding cells series makes bulb light brightly fact bulb burn quickly bulbs number cells connected cells burn cells connected battery cells buy batteries cells connected cells inside covering
flashlight kind electric light idea home car course flashlights needed check flashlights drawing shows inside flashlight press switch electricity flows path shown red parts flashlight path conductors flashlight inside home careful lose parts flashlight shown differences find try trace path electricity flows put flashlight leave check works electric light bulbs inside large light bulbs flashlight bulbs size similar parts inside glass frosted glass clear glass light bulbs pieces metal metal connect circuits look inside bulb clear glass wires wires base bulb connect pieces metal seen base connections hidden inside base wires connect kind wire
boy hard making box slide friction box floor things think hard slide friction boy feet slipping friction shoes floor boy box slide easily feet slipping girl pushed book table friction book slow stop things act wood block slide farther table floor bare floor carpet case friction thing move farther table friction stop sliding block rolling ball objects rub touch slide past friction tends moving thing slow stop drawings things shown sliding past things surfaces rubbing friction moving things objects sliding past friction friction makes things hard move drawings keeps wood slipping person saws keeps nails coming things drawings hard move friction
car moving parts inside motor inside wheels connect motor wheels think moving parts touch parts friction friction parts moving easily squeak wear parts move easily extra gasoline wastes energy friction small group deal friction mechanics repair service cars sure ball bearings roller bearings roll easily put bearings wheels worn mechanics helpers check lubricants change add needed suppose rid friction car think driver hands steering wheel think brakes wheels driver stops car think friction tires road friction surfaces small surfaces lubricants objects show wear caused friction examples think lubricants reduce friction reduce wear reason oil grease moving parts cars parts wear quickly look roller bearings bearing greased
tried start fast boy pushes backward feet hard makes move forward guess happen tries rug pushes backward rug slips friction rug floor suppose boys hold rug slipping pull forward runner pushes backward feet pull forward hard rug slip suppose rug rubber friction rug floor greater friction place hold rug slipping course runner try start fast rug sidewalk ground runner feet push backward hard friction runner feet sidewalk ground makes friction makes runner move forward runner starting outdoors rug held place sidewalk set ground runner starts pushes backward sidewalk keeps sidewalk moving keeps feet slipping runs pushes backward sidewalk foot
atmosphere ocean air presses push called atmospheric pressure press atmosphere earth barometer measures atmospheric pressure ago barometers looked tube drawing glass tube heavy silvery liquid liquid called mercury end tube closed height mercury cm closed end atmosphere pushing mercury open end tube pushing mercury closed end vacuum atmosphere holding mercury clear days atmosphere hold cm mercury days atmospheric pressure lower mercury moves atmospheric pressure barometers today mercury springy metal box inside box vacuum atmosphere pushes sides box pushes days atmospheric pressure greater box bigger smaller pressure change box size moves needle points numbers dial numbers tell centimetres mercury held find map newspaper shows atmospheric pressure high low shaded part map raining snowing
stars differ brightness differ color differences color easy begin notice outdoors clear night look bright star reddish color try find bluish white look compare colors stars looking stars colors reddish orange yellow look white look bluish white winter easily bright stars betelgeuse reddish color rigel bluish white orange color yellow white sirius brightest nighttime star white stars colors things hot give light candle flames hot plates filaments inside electric bulbs give light hot stars give light hot hot glowing object color light object hot give light glows red say red hot heated hotter orange yellowish heated hotter glows white bluish white say white hot colors stars give clue temperatures
girl bright star touching top tree suppose leaves chair place comes half hour later star touch top tree easy check clear night choose star wish sit stand star touch top tree pole house roof wait half hour sit stand exactly place check star camera set outdoors clear night points sky lights nearby camera move shutter open left open hour light stars coming camera words camera taking hour picture stars suppose picture look stars move slowly sky positions relation remember looks stars inside giant upside bowl bowl turning slowly reason shapes constellations change constellation find appears sky find place
rivers move slowly small streams move flatter land water moves slowest land flat lakes rivers filled living things fish rivers lakes alike animals lakes rivers water food kinds insects environment rivers environment lakes rivers flow ocean salt water mixes fresh water begins change animals live salt water insects disappear animals place small animals shells rivers meet sea ocean fish lay eggs young born adults swim ocean salmon pass areas upstream rivers ocean salmon lay eggs young hatch begin journey ocean look classroom globe covers earth land water look large areas water globe try find names turn globe slowly finger trace water areas land areas oceans earth ocean tell ocean basin water runs starts high mountains
spent beach noticed water comes farther beach times caused tides places hours water moves land rises higher higher beach water stops rising high tide high tide water begins move water lower lower beach low tide water moves land suppose rocky beach low tide water moved shore rocks longer covered water water trapped low places areas tide pools look tide pool algae small algae lakes streams algae part plankton plankton tiny plants animals small seen eyes larger kinds algae tide pool seaweeds kelp kelp attaches rocky bottom look picture kelp bottom part plant called holdfast plants tide pool animals attached rocks move place place sea anemone animal
lakes rivers ocean important things living important drinking water lakes rivers lakes rivers give water need grow food ocean helps give air breathe oxygen earth comes algae small water plants floating ocean forgotten important water areas harmed factories dump wastes lakes cities dump garbage things garbage algae grow fast algae surface underwater plants light plants die sink bottom food oxygen fish die finally water covered algae dead plants animals sink bottom lake shallow rivers clean easily lakes fresh water keeps coming rivers mountains dumped rivers spray crops insect poisons poisons washed rivers fish eat poisoned plants eat fish look pictures lake erie ago lake bunches algae fish plants died complained smells coming lake cities lake erie decided try save lake
feel feel things feel things feel things ideas things answers questions feelings ideas things named questions feelings ideas act feelings ideas called attitudes feelings ideas health things health things health practices health practices things help healthy feelings ideas health called health attitudes feelings ideas things health health attitudes important health attitudes important help find suppose person feels health practices important person feels important think likely healthy person feels health practices important likely healthy feeling health practices help healthy pictures pages show health practices
health attitudes caused things happened suppose bad accident afraid accidents careful things want bad accident suppose bad accident worry accidents careless course careless bad accident things accidents happen form health attitudes health attitudes caused things happened suppose bad disease sickness likely afraid disease getting things think caused form greater number health attitudes things happened things happened formed health attitudes read health maybe read books health school read books home read public library bought books health bookstore read helped form health attitudes read books health studied health ways teacher taught health books
kinds feelings feelings pleasant likewise feelings pleasant word feelings emotions pleasant feeling think love love pleasant feelings love love family love friend love pet love pride pleasant feeling things feel proud feel proud play basketball game feel proud play game feel proud praises suppose bake cookies eats tells feel love pride pleasant feelings feelings unpleasant think anger anger pleasant feeling things angry suppose pushes standing line angry makes angry fear pleasant feeling fear lightning fear animals fear fear wants hurt fear worry pleasant feeling
grow faster larger classmates friends careful hurt playing active games thought older expected behave older grow slower smaller classmates friends size thought younger grow faster slower glands control growth gland hormone pituitary gland makes growth hormone person grow fast grown person large pituitary gland makes growth hormone person grow slowly person small smaller age glands person grow slower person helped doctors give person extra growth hormone help grow faster growing faster slower due glands suppose person growing slower eating foods help grow foods eating proteins minerals vitamins
happen tried play active game rules game rules help play active game safely active games learned rules think rules happen follow playing playing safely things rules important playing active game safely happen tried wrong equipment play active game equipment help play active game safely played volleyball kickball balls games alike volleyball hit hands ball hard fairly light hurt hands hit kickball hit feet ball hard heavier volleyball happen hit kickball hands happen hit face kickball equipment broken damaged help play active game safely happen tried play active game wrong place choosing proper place play help play active games safely suppose summer friends wanted play kickball play play kickball active games need place plenty room
happen follow safety practices playing public parks public parks reason parks overcrowded park overcrowded accidents happen playing running games run ball game hit ball kinds accidents happen accidents happen park park crowded playing running games fall run playing ball hit ball bat boys girls hurt swings slides play equipment accidents parks happen prevented help prevent safety practices practices listed page follow safety practices outings parks think important happen bicycle outing practices safety today bicycle outings parks bicycle trails cities bicycle routes bicycle outings exercise fun dangerous safety practices safety practices bicycle outings outing begins think safety practice follow going bicycle outing sure ride
eat breakfast eat lunch eat dinner meals important food things health things called nutrients eat meals nutrients need food eat help healthy ways nutrients help healthy giving power energy age need deal energy need growing need working playing need staying alive kinds nutrients need energy carbohydrates fats energy food eat plenty food energy happen foods carbohydrates fats carbohydrates found bread cereal starchy vegetables fruits fats found meat eggs butter cheese nuts foods depend energy nutrients help healthy helping grow growing healthy carbohydrates help give energy growing fats body grows forming cells nutrients raw materials cells formed chief nutrients cells formed proteins foods plenty proteins listed page
happens nutrients inside walls small intestine read soak walls food broken stop live rest body needs cells body need nutrients nutrients live cells small intestine nutrients journey reach inside walls small intestine blood vessels inside journey begins blood vessels inside small intestine small smallest called capillaries page drawing capillaries learn capillaries studying drawing drawing shows capillaries join form tiny networks blood vessels vessels join larger vessels larger vessels lead blood networks lead arrows drawing show blood flows vessels drawing bring blood capillary network bring vessels lead blood network lead inside walls small intestine nutrients enter capillaries mixed blood moving capillaries carried bloodstream nutrients enter blood longer digestive system blood part circulatory system
breathe course breathe air body suppose airtight room suppose air room suddenly pumped happen room air room soon pass minutes later die air order live air thing things mixed mix gases need air need gases need suppose airtight room suppose gas makes air separately pumped room gases pumped safe gas remained gas pumped live minutes live gas called oxygen makes air breathe think need oxygen body tiny living things things called cells maybe cells need things order live water things chiefly foods
read wrong health information ways ways health information health information doctor answers health questions talk doctor medicine answers questions health teeth mouth talk dentist maybe doctor able health clinic doctors able help answers questions drugs medicines drugstore person prepares medicines able answer questions person pharmacist places health information places public library books help find answers health questions cities health museums places health information places suppose health information health groups give health information names groups shown page group pictured group seal emblem groups heard emblems seen stated information health wrong information dangerous
smokes person begin smoking reasons begin smoking begin reasons want friends smoke think smoking makes look older want smoking think smoking fun think smoking smart thing course begin smoking begin reasons begin reasons begin begin reasons reasons think begin smoking reasons begin smoking begin reasons think smoking messy think smoking costly think smoking play poorly sports believe smoking wrong believe smoking harm begin smoking smoking reasons smoking reasons smoking smoking reasons reasons think smoking read believe smoking harm think wrong think smoke tobacco smoke cigarettes
changing person behavior causing accidents drinking damage person health ways suppose stated alcohol slows working mind body alcohol person drinks slows working mind body reason drinking deal dangerous person drinks heavily die mind body stop working happen alcohol poison brain poisoning called alcohol poisoning drink poison damage health drinking read alcohol drug person drinks wine beer whiskey drug meant drug called drug abuse abusing drugs person depend wants feeling drugs give wants feeling keeps abusing drugs order feeling thing happen person abuses alcohol depending alcohol called alcoholism alcoholism disease person needs helped doctor understands problem sick person learn alcohol
feel sit write mind blank blank sheet paper feel truth matter fact mind mind material hundreds interesting informative paragraphs person mind stocked storehouse raw material themes raw material person mental storehouse basic kinds memories specific experiences general ideas result experiences pete specific experiences pete month turned report history class late grade lowered mark getting marking period ended english teacher informed fifteen homework papers hand pete stayed till finish fifteen papers school tired fell asleep classes saw paper supremes coming town weeks give concert wanted supremes person sending ticket week tickets sold
wanted town visitor city interesting spot let variety places art museum amusement park big department store boat harbor airport zoo favorite record shop explored places guide fairly understanding city topic ideas cities order give reader understanding show aspects detail suppose chosen topic idea write watch especially bowling alley sure reader understand find bowlers fascinating eyes means give close look bowlers devoting paragraph details seen ways beginning writer wrong writing theme paragraph unfortunately tackle theme paragraphs multiply chances going wrong important think plan begin write sort thinking planning starting write theme bowlers pull raw material part mind reserved observations bowlers
strong sounding opinion statements let steam expect statements face shocked examples opinion statements translations explanations speaker actually mind juvenile delinquent locked disturbing peace translation wish neighbor boy turn phonograph nap food camp food concentration camp translation dislike baked beans camp eat week hungry dad flexible concrete wall translation dad wouldn teach drive change opinion statements harmless obviously exaggerated automatically grain salt opinion statements exaggerated need watch face trick stupid things mary bought black dress cost preferred blue dress cost saleswoman look sophisticated black dear tom join school chess club liked chess wanted learn
interested words find worth read etymology difficult words look reading etymology help fix meaning word mind etymology word comes according greek mythology wealthy king son zeus committed terrible crime say told mortals secrets gods say asked gods banquet served son pie punishment gods hades doomed stand eternity water chin branches fruit tree poor drink water tried water level eat delicious looking fruit reached receded grasp water fruit reach read story trouble remembering word means tease torment person promising showing desirable giving examples help remember meaning word word derived latin words meaning dexter meaning
figured basic situation going build story beginning story easy simply set stage audience words sketch background information audience need order understand appreciate story situation kind background information audience needs vary story story suppose telling friends story maury getting locked neighborhood movie theater begin hear happened maury west neighbor crazy going movies saturday night majestic theater usual western watching dozed woke theater empty dark locked tight sketching details help friends understand appreciate maury predicament prepare events follow let suppose telling english class story mother bread baking troubles understand appreciate story situation students class need mother decided prove point dad begin story going family history remember mother making homemade bread week
carl important things writing friendly letter mind person writing written talking person carl let tom friends mention miss remembered talked tom interests trouble include details field trip ken fall creek tom picture happened written intramural basketball games tom excitement carl told games team won named star players mentioned part knew tom wonder enclosed clippings games carl thought save clippings undoubtedly game previous friday giving scores earlier games finally carl let tom enjoys correspondence hopes continue avoided expressions ken pretty busy close expressions letter chore friendly visit filling space write letter carl effort thought happening tom want hear
crazy tests today case place testing room nice lady give askd spell put rite progris riport thematic apperception test dont frist test means pass bad marks test lookd easy coud picturs dint want tell saw picturs mixd yesterday burt tell saw ink dont difrence test storys pepul picturs tell storys pepul dont thats lies tell lies kid lies hit norma uncle herman job donners bakery dyed coud storys uncle herman lady dint want hear test raw getting
im lots pepul pepul school wish burt tester flowers pepul psych wished hope foot penny dr strauss dont charlie dont saying helps anyway im keeping foot hand penny hand hole penny wish ill joe carp bakery cake folks bakery hope soon bakery think im sick becaus thats prof nemur tell getting smart thats case dont goes wrong miss kinnian reed lookd kind put nice hed likes alot becaus try hard lern pepul adult center dont reely care
waked morning rite thot smart im morning think im smart dint wont smart ill live warren home hate tests hate hate mouse dont feel progress reports forget things rite reed hard miss kinnian says feel sick tired want bakery rite progris reports im going bakery dr strauss told prof nemur tell lab hrs nite tests dumb reports going pay week part job part dont thing miss kinnian dont dint smart paying rite dumb things
bakers set task teaching charlie shop gather frank clears area table pulls medium sized piece dough charlie talk betting charlie learn rolls watch carefully says putting pendant table charlie watch learn rolls shiny luck piece charlie hunches stool intently watching pick knife cut slab dough studies movement rolls dough roll breaks twists circle pausing sprinkle flour watch says frank repeats performance charlie confused differences holds elbows rolls dough bird wings frank keeps arms close sides keeps thumbs rest fingers dough frank works flat palms keeping thumbs fingers air worrying things makes impossible charlie move says ahead try charlie shakes head look charlie gonna slow watch part
friends boys campus bowl arguing shakespeare wrote shakespeare plays boys fat sweaty face marlowe wrote shakespeare plays lenny short kid dark glasses didn believe business marlowe knew sir francis bacon wrote plays shakespeare college education shows plays freshman beanie heard couple guys room talking shakespeare plays written lady talked politics art god heard say god frightened began think god means understand important reasons going college getting education learn things believed true appears talked argued felt excitement bubble inside wanted college hear talk important things spend free library reading soaking books concentrating reading lot fiction dostoevski dickens hemingway faulkner hands feeding hunger satisfied
sensed urgency agreed meet hung stared phone important thought felt adult center thing mattered pleasing agreed operation place paced front cafeteria policeman began eye suspiciously bought coffee fortunately table empty think looking saw waved stopped counter coffee table smiled knew chosen table foolish romantic gesture late apologized swear going mind talk sipped coffee listened quietly explained found cheating reaction conflicting advice gotten lab finished sat shook head charlie amaze ways re advanced comes making decision re child decide charlie answer found books solved bringing want remain child
listened saying enormity dawned absorbed happening thought happening crying silently left school found words ride bus thought upside situation terrified ice broken gap widening current mind carried swiftly open sea refusing torture longer common simple conversation strained embarrassed silence unsatisfied longing darkened room re breaking mood looking shouldn don want upset re going trial trying smile don bus stop apartment going convention called professor nemur morning told lot interesting excitement spotlight don want alice matter say going feel don mind hang splintering ego thank
dr office avoid speaking silence bus silence walking blocks bus downtown office building fifteen minutes dr comes waiting room greet fat balding looks pop white lab jacket charlie fascinated thick white eyebrows white moustache twitch moustache twitches raising eyebrows brows moustache twitch follows large white room ushers smells recently painted bare desks side room huge machine rows dials arms dentist drills nearby black leather examination table thick webbed restraining straps says raising eyebrows charlie grips boy shoulders firmly re going friends dr says matt treated kind thing don money eyebrows shutters frowns gordon don examine maybe maybe physical mental tests determine pathology later talk prognosis actually busy days agreed look case special study type neural retardation
attractive young falmouth college asked explain retardation told professor nemur answer chance waiting show authority known put hand shoulder don exactly type phenylketonuria charlie suffering child unusual biochemical genetic situation possibly ionizing radiation natural radiation virus attack fetus resulted defective gene produces say maverick enzyme creates defective biochemical reactions course newly produced amino acids compete normal enzymes causing brain damage girl frowned expected lecture nemur seized floor vein call competitive enzymes let give works think enzyme produced defective gene wrong key fits chemical lock central nervous system won turn true key enzyme enter lock blocked result irreversible destruction proteins brain tissue irreversible intruded psychologists joined audience gordon longer retarded ah crowed nemur destruction tissue irreversible process
haircut shave sun treatment rest sat chair limply feeling light slick clean matt whisked offered mirror reflection head seeing front mirror looking mirror held tilted instant angle produced illusion depth endless corridors looking looking looking looking thought telling reveal remembered wanted admit alive wanted boast customers tomorrow gave haircuts shaves real knew son person hair face maybe stood waiting sign recognition frowned gag assured gag looked thought hard shrugged turned put combs scissors guessing games close fifty didn remember absurd fantasy
strange honest feelings sensibility advantage born arms legs eyes think abusing born low intelligence infuriated remember ago boy foolishly played clown forgotten short ago learned laughed unknowingly joined laughing hurts reread early progress reports seen illiteracy childish naivete mind low intelligence peering dark room keyhole dazzling light dreams memories seen charlie smiling happily uncertainly saying dullness knew inferior lacked denied mental blindness believed connected ability read write sure skills intelligence feeble minded wants child feed eat knows hunger stop childish worrying past future let give knowledge skills field increasing human intelligence
terrible thing happened today bit fay warned playing liked feed room perk run today side curled white puff put hand top trap door cringed forced corner tried coax opening barrier maze tell leave mistake trying pick bit thumb glared scurried maze found minnie end reward box bleeding gash chest alive reached reward box snapped teeth caught sleeve hung shook loose calmed observed hour afterward listless confused learns problems external rewards performance peculiar careful determined movements maze corridors actions rushed control turns corner quickly crashes barrier strange sense urgency behavior hesitate snap judgment
upward moving leaf warm air spreading atoms body hurtling grow lighter dense larger larger exploding outward sun expanding universe swimming upward silent sea small encompassing body room building city country look shadow blotting earth light unfeeling drifting expanding space pierce crust existence flying fish leaping sea feel pull annoys want shake verge blending universe hear whispers ridges consciousness slight tug holds finite mortal slowly waves recede expanding spirit shrinks earthly dimensions voluntarily prefer lose pulled moment couch fitting fingers awareness glove flesh move finger wink eye want don want move move wait leave open passive experience means charlie want pierce upper curtain mind
motor activity impaired tripping dropping things didn think thought changing things wastebasket chairs thought moved realize coordination bad move slowly things increasingly difficult type blaming alice argue irritates pity face pleasure tv set spend watching quiz programs movies soap operas kiddie shows cartoons bring turn late night movies horror pictures late show late late show sermon channel signs night star spangled banner flag waving background finally channel test pattern stares square window eye looking window sick left read write think drug mind dishonest stuff aimed child especially child reclaiming mind
dumb thing today forgot wasnt miss class adult center sat seat room lookd funny charlie hello miss kinnian im lessen today book started cry run room looked saw alot wasnt pepul class remembered things getting smart holy smoke reely pulled charlie gordon room thats im going warren home school dont want dont want miss kinnian feel sorry feels sorry bakery dont want im going someplace lot pepul cares charlie gordon genus reed book rite im taking books reed ill practise hard ill bit smarter
boy stood bridge looked city live live love live boy city boy end getting dark saw tug boats river saw big tall buildings stick sky white dots light sides watched city shadows ships river stand watch walk market early morning kinds cars kinds trucks piles grapefruit stacks lettuce wet green fresh airport planes warm motors roll field runway air fly high clouds land sea watch building building dig hole ground pour cement lay bricks put pipes museum skeletons dinosaurs lived thousands ago spears arrowheads indians stuffed animals look alive nicest thing city wonderful live city live
kristy girl kittens kristy think mother father kitten told give rest house full kittens kristy chose polka dot kitten put basket set wagon kittens basket mrs sweeping walk beautiful kittens looking basket kristy asked mrs goldfish kitten eat goldfish maybe trade kristy mrs hurried inside round glass bowl golden orange fish kristy delighted mrs chose kitten snowball white set goldfish wagon kristy kittens basket goldfish bowl pulled wagon quietly coming miss murphy house miss murphy squeaky wagons noisy children hello miss murphy kristy nice quiet kittens give say quiet kittens asked miss murphy let looked basket kittens making purring sound wait miss murphy parrot cage skipper sea captain sings sailor hornpipe
school chip set feet end street meadow hello chip rabbit meadow meadow rabbit follow nose want meadow chip picked blade grass chew picked sweet clover mother nose till farm hello chip goose farmyard farm goose shaking feathers follow wind want chip wet finger held wind blowing picked white goose feather put pocket wind till brook hello chip fish brook brook fish leaping water follow brook want chip took shoes socks waded brook picked pebbles put pocket brook till woods hello chip squirrel woods squirrel dropping nut
mouse family walk mud puddle father mouse walked mother mouse walked sister mouse brother mouse walked muddy mouse walked liked mud friend horse didn mud cow didn mud dog cat didn mud muddy mouse liked mud cried wasn muddy mouse played muddy pasture road rolled road muddy mouse thought fun road full sticky brown mud mud stuck fur mud stuck muddy mouse looked big ball mud tip tail stuck side ball tip nose stuck side mud muddy mouse couldn walk couldn talk couldn cry wanted cry black cat kittens thought muddy mouse big brown ball started play rolled rolled muddy mouse dizzy black cat kittens gave muddy mouse push rolled pasture didn stop reached fence black cat kittens scampered father mouse mother mouse look muddy mouse
small raccoon rusty lived grove oak trees grew middle big forest lots animals lived oak grove rusty moles rabbits chipmunks groundhogs owls small field mouse named alice dobbs animals spent shady grove trees ate slept played games loved oak grove rusty loved wanted places things happens going find real adventure moles rabbits chipmunks groundhogs owls alice dobbs rusty looked adventure looked caves trees nests holes couldn find single adventure walking forest large bee buzzed rusty ran oak grove fast animals playing ring pine cone rusty shouted bee chased oldest owl shook head real adventure rusty walking forest huge bear trotted rusty ran oak grove fast animals playing follow beaver rusty shouted heard bear growl owl shook head real adventure rusty felt sad decided trying
woman cleaning house found crooked sixpence crooked sixpence market buy pig coming home stile pig stile farther met dog dog dog bite pig pig won stile shan home tonight dog woman farther met stick stick beat dog dog won bite pig pig won stile shan home tonight stick farther met fire fire burn stick stick won beat dog dog won bite pig pig won stile shan home tonight fire farther met water water put fire fire won burn stick stick won beat dog dog won bite pig pig won stile shan home tonight water farther met ox ox drink water water won put fire fire won burn stick stick won beat dog dog won bite pig pig won stile shan home tonight ox farther met butcher
poor farmer lived wife red house house tiny rooms tiny porch side farmer wife thought house size morning farmer wife noodles noodles extra kitchen extra short trouble began buy larger house farmer wife fussed fretted morning money buy larger house farmer tell trouble grandpa wiseman tell grandpa wiseman turn farmer hen house farmer home took hen house hen house behave jumped table farmer lap farmer stand longer grandpa wiseman grandpa wiseman goat house farmer home took goat house goat ate curtains slept bed smashed chairs fought hen farmer tell grandpa wiseman hen goat need company
traveling forest going place thought merchant cloth sell carried bundle sell cloth cheap money carpenter build houses wood chopper chopping wood hard wood chopper ax trying rich working traveled miles sat rest soon woman forest sat tree began talking hardest think woman want happy wish happy merchant wish asked woman wish merchant pull grow pull yard cloth fifty wish wood chopper happy struck fell cut trees forest hours tell wish carpenter wish put firm rock
wife lived beautiful cottage white walls red curtains lots cubbyholes handy shelves wife happy find things look shoes find shoes look book find book feed canary find birdseed difference find canary find say ridiculous walk room shake head say loudly ridiculous fault find wife moved move parlor table middle parlor corner kitchen move kitchen table middle kitchen apple tree garden say dear tired things places stand admire moved clock wall bed end shelf parlor moved sunday clothes closet hall closet attic moved favorite chair place fire corner bedroom moved house
class tried friendly boy girl ways trying say jim play baseball saturday mornings want play say bob hear pet turtle maybe hold race coming house afternoon help classmate talking tell children find school things likes find classmate friends school friends find lonely knew names boys girls class names learn wonder boys girls feels place don wait friends try friends talk classmates talk school point liked talk things school try find things school try telling school miss
children school bus ride safe driver stop start bus times obey traffic signs stoplights watch cars mind driving help driver staying quietly seat ask stay drives school idea sit quietly riding car reasons sitting quietly bus today automobiles belts called safety belts seat belts seat belt helps hold seat car car stops suddenly stop getting hurt seat belts safety seat belt fastened riding car fastened tight younger children fastened ride bicycle school riding bicycle fun ride bicycle safely careful boys girls learn ride bicycles road tell rider ride bicycle straight line ride practice riding safe place safe bicycle need hands feet
matches grown matches smaller children matches strike easily burn rapidly burned hurts burn burn fingers hands put immediately cold water ice cold water help relieve pain help burned part heal faster later burn covered doctor burn bad clothing catches fire happen easily spark match held close happen important save acting quickly fire needs air burn put fire cut air clothing catch fire run roll slowly ground blanket rug wrap closely fire air cut forest fires start campfires light grown present clear space campfire feet fire spreading campfire small
experiment pieces wood stood upper arm lower arm balloon string stood stood muscle tendons tendons join muscles bones move arm brain order says arm move muscle arm shorter muscle pulls tendon fastened muscle bone tendon pulls bone arm moves seen bone course think chicken dinner ago left meat eaten bones course bones hard part body frame frame body called skeleton grow bones bones arms legs grow rest bones grow strong need plenty food milk foods building strong bones reason drink quart milk foods important bones piece spine backbone bone small bones joined find easier stand straight spine bone bend skeleton skin
stunts help improve posture find fun hands knees boy picture head hump camel round relax let muscles limp sag middle tired horse raise let sag exercise tired help stomach muscles stronger stunt help build strong muscles lie face floor bend knees legs reach hold ankles hands picture pretend rocking horse rock forward chest legs rocking exercise muscles toes feet feet help posture put pencil floor front reach forward foot pick pencil toes pull raise foot floor bring pencil pick pencil toes foot pull
matter eat course scientists found foods body needs help choose foods put foods groups body needs foods groups needs stay energy grow foods meat group tell body millions cells cells seen microscope body cells order grow cells place cells worn grow cells need substance called protein protein need comes foods meat group need helpings group picked fruits vegetables seen growing plant foods foods group give body vitamins minerals body needs vitamins minerals grow stay need citrus fruits oranges grapefruit need green vegetables spinach lettuce need yellow vegetables carrots squash need potatoes need servings fruits vegetables kinds easy find food group bread cereals
house mother things mother takes care younger children keeps house clean buys food cooks meals family washes irons clothes members family need mending buys things family needs busy talk things places father home working earn money family comes home helps mother works yard fixes things house brothers sisters thought father mother hard things brothers sisters help mean help forget friends calls play forget promised mother store haven cleaned room tired tasks
hard brothers sisters younger sister brother say fault let things older sister brother answer teasing say older sister getting clothes wear natural brothers sisters quarrel fun enjoy member family brothers sisters fair let unfair envious jealous brother sister feel older brother treated clothes decide things younger brother makes big fuss feel stop think fair families amount money suppose shoes short need mean parents buy shoes member family parents things buy things
newcomb team game give practice throwing catching ball help learn team player team family members learn team try fair lose game angry blame try find lost newcomb played court feet feet wide high net court team plays side net team plays side team number players player stays part court tries catch ball comes tries stay players player start game throws ball high net side court player catch ball nearest try misses player try catch player catches ball throw give player side player throws ball net players throwing ball net point scored ball caught
heard saying want friend mean saying means friends things friend things friends discover watching friends teacher teacher wants friend watch things learn show likes teacher friends girls boys class school bell rang teacher smiled girl boy quiet voice morning nice class looking forward knowing sure enjoy working felt meant tone voice friendly look told girls boys wrote chalkboard told things liked hoping finished girls boys knew liked things liked important room felt liked wanted
classroom jobs think classroom things classmates place classmates classroom pleasant place play decide needs ways learn working class committees committee team works job works members cooperate member committee responsibility rules share respect ideas accept group decisions want discuss points class committee class want committee members committee help room clean care lights care plants chores idea committee members turns job chance things wants committee class want form safety committee members safety committee talk things help prevent accidents list safety rules print chart read
run play sharp pencil pocket pencil dangerous pair scissors knife fall carrying pencil seriously stabbed nails wounds step scratched especially dangerous found things play places walk look places pictures nails found nails common accidents pointed objects handled care safety rules concerning pointed objects follow run carrying pointed object carry pointed object point flatten remove nails sticking boards hand pointed object person point family cookouts cookouts fun dangerous careless fire burned try light fire poke coals coals look cool burning accidents caused brush open flames clothing careful fire stand sit walk close rule start touch fire asking adult help clothes happen catch fire roll ground fire
living cell skin oxygen water food blood blood vessels carries cells eat proper foods skin looks healthy proper foods help strong healthy fingernails healthy fingernails color break chip easily clear skin healthy fingernails help look cold damp weather skin chapped sure wear mittens winter dry hands carefully wash skin sensitive sun sun tiny blood vessels enlarged skin red hurts remain sun blisters form dangerous painful going sun periods wear clothing protects skin sun picture protecting sun sun pigment skin darken skin looks tanned want suntan avoid sun sun bath longer ten minutes stay sun longer safe tan burn combing hair task need times
air breathe dust dirt mixed think lungs properly filled dust dirt parts nose clean air lungs inside nose covered thin soft lining called mucous membrane glands membrane give liquid called mucus keeps membrane moist small bits dust dirt past coarse hairs nostrils cling moist membrane surface mucous membrane tiny hairlike forms called cilia cilia constantly move wavelike motion move remove dust dirt air passes wonder happens dust dirt stopped nose cilia force mucus dust throat mucus coughed swallowed dust dirt moved air breathe blown blow nose sneeze hold hand nose breathe air coming nose feel warm cool nose cleans air passes warms air mucous membrane nose tiny blood vessels
think recognize things shown picture smelling able smell things things shown picture continually particles gas air breathe air particles gas enter nose air particles gas dissolve moist lining nose dissolved particles gas disturb nerve endings high inside nose nerve endings enable sense smell disturbances nerve endings relayed nerves brain brain turn interprets disturbances tells smelling describe rose tell feel thorn color odor flower sense smell help rose helps recognize things sense smell helps ways helps hungry enter place food cooking want eat food body needs sense smell helps protect harm warn eat foods begun spoil warn places filled dangerous gas smell gas fresh air
baby grew fast end weighed times amount weighed born grew inches older think triple weight weigh grow inches course growing slowly baby grows rates times grow grow inches idea rate growth looking graphs page graphs show believe children changed height grade eighth grade grow amount girls boys grow rapidly stop growing tallest class fourth grades tallest eighth grade proper rate growth person proper rate rate growth rate growth pattern growth height build grow exactly
growing height weight ways growing think moment helping house permitted things making decisions accepting responsibility answered yes questions growing think feel act parents friends trusting judgment granted rights children signs growing mind height weight responsible person paragraphs help judge responsible easy forget fun mother tell home friend house clock stay longer easy forget late responsible person remember find home told responsible person age parents tell obeys ability told responsible person things understands need learned important obey safety rules school
move moving bones body bone body moved muscles muscles attached strong cords called tendons tendons turn attached bones want move part body proper muscle contracts pulls tendon moves bone body hundred muscles walk bend hold things talk muscles couldn move part body muscles move bones body found skeleton skin form cover skeleton felt muscles body felt muscles arms legs moving bones muscles liquids solids move body liquids move blood heart large muscle begins movement blood body heart forces blood move blood vessels simple demonstration help understand look picture boy plastic bottle page water squirt top space bottle smaller squeezing force water heart moves blood heart
noticed eat reason bigger larger person food need body cells need food bigger body cells tall heavy bones muscles need food small thin true known thin wiry eat deal gaining ounce deal energy need eat depends part active haven noticed playing hard hard physical hungry understand exercising muscles energy need extra food give energy hard physical eats sits desk needs extra food energy naturally faster growing food need body needs extra food build cells reason older eat growing girls boys eat active tell eating food important keeping record weight height
living thing nourished order growing properly nourished tree grows produces beautiful leaves nourished flowers fruits vegetables grow poorly nourished nourished girls boys stronger healthier poorly nourished nutrition affects look nutrition clear skin color strong fingernails looking hair strong muscles posture nutrition affects ability body play physical activities nourished apt throwing ball jumping rope riding bicycle working poor nutrition weak play games enjoy hard think schoolwork naturally choice food affects nutrition need eat choose variety foods important body ability food give food chewed mouth tube stomach goes small intestine mouth stomach small intestine food broken small bits process called digestion food fluid form blood
food comes animals plants takes thousands provide food eat raise food prepare transport sure nutrients need foods nutritious fresh vitamins perishable easily destroyed especially true vegetables fruits foods fresh reach goes eat canned frozen foods richer vitamins fresh foods canning freezing keeps foods losing vitamins foods enriched vitamins nutrients added foods include cereals flour bread margarine eat enriched foods body getting nutrients needs mother goes store able choose kinds foods tries buy foods give nutrition buys variety foods brings foods home stores nutrients lost mother freezer wraps foods freezes stores foods refrigerator sees perishable fruits vegetables special containers keeps losing vitamins drying foods soon
decisions sided person person tries read kind book play kind game able enjoy kinds programs movies spend spare entertained spend projects spend hobbies spend projects start don afraid involved concerned worth asked help special project cub scout troop collecting magazines send hospitals part project learn learn feeling making decisions important decisions help kind person want help grow exercise times exercise page body flexible remembering stand tall game played baseball diamond teams bases twenty feet
speak wonders human body body called amazing wisdom organs carry automatically body ability help regulate temperature store food water future change food forms help protect summon army help fight diseases actually easy find examples wonderful things body sit reading book heart pumping blood round round body sitting quietly heart pumps pints blood minute body suppose outdoors race friends playground run heart speed pumping blood pump gallons blood minute bring leg muscles extra oxygen need strenuous exercise extra oxygen blood carries needed muscle cells contracting action exercise action muscle cells produces wastes carbon dioxide carried blood stop running heart slow soon pumping pints blood minute happens think
body protective actions voluntary control needed automatic comes eye automatically blink speck dirt eye tear glands eye send tears try wash speck windpipe begin cough irritates inside nose sneeze touch hot automatically pull hand actions happen thinking automatic actions body show special ways protecting taking care eyes able regulate amount light comes poor light muscles iris colored part eye pupil opening iris larger lets light light enters eye dark place drawing strong light pupils eyes smaller let light able images clearly check pupils move light dark place inside nose hairs help catch dirt going lungs sticky fluid called mucus lining nose helps catch dust dirt
cut starts heal blood vessels skin contract help stop flow blood tiny particles blood called platelets clump cut break action starts series chemical blood cut thicken clot clotted blood fastens sides cut blood flow past clot hardens forms crust skin crust called scab underneath scab repair goes mass clotted blood starts shrink action pulls sides cut later cells threadlike connective tissue enter clot cells begin build tissue skin cells growing side cut join center cut healed scab falls scar skin cells joined cut deep body heal help doctor needed break bone bone heal ends broken bone correct position bone straight heals doctor sets broken bone doctor brings parts positions properly setting bone doctor puts plaster cast splint break keeps broken parts moving place bone healing
remember reading book crow boy taro chance feel lonely shy thought things boy story feel home school times characters books read face problems friendships book janitor girl frieda friedman sue problem father friend daughter magda overseas magda speak english timid hesitated speak fear laugh read portion book find sue problem suggest sue hope going nice magda sue father sue didn answer couldn picture introducing magda cathy marilyn girls neighborhood feeling girls nice cathy friend think friendly pale frightened magda look page compare ideas boys girls age mentioned think ideas young show growing persons don think sue needs worry cathy think magda
foods eat kinds days foods eat deal feel breakfast eat poor breakfast likely cross tired hungry midmorning want listen teacher body telling needs nourishment job hand adequate breakfast help feel able morning course eating lots food care needs body eat kinds foods amounts daily getting nourishment need feeling single food care needs foods things body foods giving energy foods rich fat bacon butter margarine nuts energy foods energy foods starchy foods bread potatoes rice foods lots sugar cookies ice cream provide quick energy foods lean meats eggs dried beans help strong muscles help grow
parts food grown feed foods grown important minerals vitamins proteins reason lack food farmers developing countries age methods farming modern farm equipment thing beginning learn modern methods chemicals crops grow kill insects destroy plants places climate dry spells rain dry period kills crops planted live roads food place place needed refrigeration conditions impossible food need countries millions crops food problem hunger country countries frequently send millions tons food dried milk wheat help countries need important united states nations helping developing nations learn modern farming methods solve food problems
covering root tooth tissue called cementum root attached jawbone elasticlike fibers fibers form called periodontal membrane membrane enables dentist extract pull tooth injuring surrounding jawbone membrane acts shock absorber lessen jarring caused chewing layer tissue enamel cementum hard material called dentin dentin makes biggest part tooth cavity tooth spreads dentin nerves carry messages pain brain part tooth hurts toothache hollow space center tooth soft mass tissue called pulp pulp blood vessels nerves enter tooth opening root pictures page show decay break enamel spread tooth trouble study pictures understand visit dentist advises dentist check teeth dental caries cavities need filling dentist check tartar calculus hard yellow substance forms surfaces teeth calculus irritate gums bleed calculus removed special instrument called worker known dental hygienist cleans teeth
dental research going purpose research find ways care teeth prevent tooth decay dental research problem reducing decay fluorides scientists asking chemicals fluoride painting teeth trying chemicals called phosphates discovered phosphates prevent tooth decay animals later research prove phosphates prevent cavities humans research scientists testing plastic colorless liquid dentist covers teeth liquid plastic dries forms seal surfaces teeth teeth protected plastic put months recent discovered tooth accidentally knocked replanted jaw dentist researchers learning artificial teeth put jaw natural tooth sockets research kind conducted baboons hoped future human tooth knocked artificial instrument developed called bathe teeth ultraviolet light ultraviolet light light eyes teeth path invisible light glow fluoresce
things protect teeth brushing eat careful crack enamel enamel teeth cracked cavities likely form enamel free cracks avoid teeth bite hard nuts hard candy ice try kinds food try limit amount sweets eat especially sticky sweets cling teeth encourage mouth bacteria tooth decay eat sweets preferably end meal sure follow tooth brushing flossing regular visits dentist important help protect teeth dentist show ways brush floss teeth brush teeth shown drawings left communities today add small amounts fluorides drinking water fluorides present water known fluoridation children drink fluoridated water tend develop hard tooth enamel helps prevent tooth decay live community fluoride drinking water dentist paint teeth fluoride solution painting teeth dentist considerable protection tooth decay
suppose finished making kite need string fly look house find kinds string choose boy picture ball ordinary string ball christmas string tinsel metallic threads ball string safe find turn page find safe places safe weather kite flying kite flying dangerous kind string kite string wire tinsel metal string dry means fly kite stormy weather metallic kite string wet string unsafe choices electricity carried easily electricity stroke lightning flash string metal wet string unlike benjamin franklin lucky kite flying experiment kite flyers killed electric currents carried wet kite string story benjamin franklin famous experiment look library books look listed left kite flying try find large vacant area safe play playground vacant lot open field choices
suppose find gun alley place girl picture turn page find answer find answers questions ready give reasons answers find bullets shells precautions gun home point gun find gun outdoors pick pick bullets shells find loaded gun shells bullets lying outdoors sensitive moved explode safe thing tell parents adult gun bullets shells found adult report location police responsible persons trained safe handling firearms ammunition gun home unloaded stored reach children ammunition stored separate place firearms accidents occur children gun home start play point gun thinking gun loaded playfully pointed pulled trigger gun loaded result accident occurred
suppose standing pier child fall pier water boy picture child swim help read page ideas compare find help falls overboard boating need stay afloat water read page check suggestions person trouble water call loudly help send nearby help adult jump water try save person trained lifeguards pulled water struggling persons trying save jumping risk ruin chance saving person trying help person shore pier lie try grab clothing pull safety sure anchored avoid pulled person farther find extend belt shirt oar fishing pole sure anchor firmly pull person extend throw afloat
problem community health problem concerns drugs drugs course doctor prescribe help sick buy nonprescription counter drugs according directions relieve headaches times drugs directed doctor instructions package cases reasons curiosity escape problems reasons drug young tempted marijuana known grass pot marijuana comes hemp plant parts hemp plant crushed rolled cigarettes called joints jays scientists studying term effects marijuana body known marijuana person feel confused anxious affect vision distances marijuana illegal possession punishable fine jail sentence drugs misused drugs drugs called pep pills speed nervous system misuse sleeplessness shakiness drugs slow nervous system misuse breathing dangerously slowed died overdose drugs responsible community improving public health conditions checking spread diseases educating healthful ways living
word health mean mean body strong free sickness mean feeling mean happy mean things health combination physical mental social physical health includes body body growing properly body able fight diseases sick tired easily physically healthy health problems mental health mainly thoughts ideas feelings think worthwhile person able accept undesirable qualities desirable find meaning things understand show feelings love anger happiness answers questions help determine person mental health social health mainly accept weaknesses strengths choose friends ease meet physical mental social health important effect ability think clearly affected headache feel worried test track meet stomachache
thing sure lifetime change change things change friends suddenly outgrown clothes responsibilities gained lately met things surroundings changed yesterday month health depends react change fear fear ways things welcome sake change dangers viewpoints concept faith decisions meeting instance mean gaining friends interests reacted wouldn unusual live society problems think society progress brought benefits problems making cars things increasing population brought pollution diseases prevented controlled living longer facing problems age think brought benefits problems deal problems society face
nervous system sense organs actually allow feelings situations saw fire messages travel eyes brain means nerves messages reached brain fire fire feeling fear fear turn run try put fire examples things sense emotions emotions things depends partly developed person nervous system especially brain brain baby developed allow understand milk bottle hunger seeing bottle stop crying squeal joy baby show emotion things death brain developed experience allow understand death limited brain development experience small child unable control emotions seen youngster kick scream didn wanted age older react situation nervous system sense organs things affect emotions showing emotions affected endocrine glands
change ways adolescence begins change ways adolescence begins male shoulders grow broader voice deeper hair grows parts body stage case females adolescence hormones female body change ways adolescence hair grows parts body continue female adolescence kinds place adolescence say age forty growing hard picture look ten fifteen twenty thirty getting taller ages twenty twenty period physical growth slight notice change fact stopped growing taller notice physical age forty noticeable physical place periods adolescence age forty types taking place stage noticeable stage suddenly find confusing part reason things going reason stage oftentimes sit decide want
early spoken vocabulary words meanings instance early word safety likely meant staying alive reason meaning early lived simple dangerous environment unlike complex environment early environment consisted natural things wild animals storms natural things threat survival weapons wild animals easily injure kill shelter storms easily injure kill words early guard things environment survived protecting dangers environment important thing early safety ways think modern views safety obviously modern environment early environment early worry natural things modern worry natural things instance addition natural things storms modern worry things cars trains boats power tools things think threaten modern threaten early considering dangers modern environment think view safety early
addition water activities bicycling winter activities result accidents act safely snow skiing winter activity easily result accidents safety practices safety practices include seeing equipment especially boots bindings condition equipment condition chances breaking leg fall high staying physical condition important practice follow snow skiing physical condition tire easily skiing accidents happen tired practices snow skiing safer activity snow skiing ice skating winter activities result accidents important safety practice follow activities careful thin ice avoid ice skating ice marked activities winter activities result accidents safety practices safety practices activities accidents result participate activities mentioned accidents result activities activities include camping hiking firearms dangers think exist activities safety practices camping hiking safety practices firearms
chronic disorders known epilepsy longest medical histories epilepsy characterized seizures sudden attacks loss consciousness muscle control epilepsy groups brain cells give discharge energy discharge upsets nervous system causing seizures proved inherited epilepsy part family history family history epilepsy don actually known known seizures caused physical problems brain damage useless growths brain blood clots thought seizures caused infection injury tension excitement case persons epilepsy show symptoms common forms epilepsy called grand mal grand mal person loses consciousness body stiffens muscles jerk irregular breathing drooling saliva happen pale blue color face fingernails lips persons feeling fear unpleasant smells sounds tingling skin spots eyes seizure seizure drowsiness sleep confusion mildest form epilepsy called petit mal petit mal seizure daydream blank stare person unaware surroundings seconds seizures noticed seizure ended person continue happened
chronic disorder walls arteries hardened lose ability stretch called atherosclerosis disorder thought affect older known begin earlier person artery body affected areas body think chronic disorder atherosclerosis begins completely known known fats substance called cholesterol build walls arteries things arteries lose ability stretch arteries narrower ways conditions affect normal activities heart arteries bothered hardened arteries exactly known strongly believed eating foods high saturated fats cholesterol helps hardening arteries things studied chronic disorder high blood pressure cigarette smoking overweight mental stress lack exercise things think help prevent atherosclerosis hardening arteries disorder especially dangerous lead problems high blood pressure blood clots severe chest pains strokes heart disorders heart disorders leading death united states strokes leading death country
eaten raw fish spiders chocolate covered ants lion meat try eating soup june bugs think eating seaweed wild boar eaten foods think haven country united states chance taste foods mentioned foods part food patterns countries fact foods considered delicacies special foods special occasions food patterns reasons food patterns country depend climate knowledge farming country food patterns depend amount money buy foods countries religion influence food patterns superstitions influence patterns ways think reasons affect food patterns united states foods enjoyed main foods eaten countries food rice rice main food eaten china rice kinds vegetables eaten china vegetables include sprouts beans bamboo meat hand eaten china think rice main food eaten china
health products kinds shampoos dandruff shampoos protein shampoos lemon shampoos shampoos supposed hair thicker think kind shampoo buy kind shampoo waste money trying kinds shampoo kind shampoo waste money known dandruff shampoo dandruff large amounts white grayish flakes form dried oil dead skin cells head mix oil glands skin reason waste money shampoos actually dandruff small amount dried oil dead skin cells head normal mistake flakes dandruff generally normal flakes removed head washing brushing hair dandruff harder remove special dandruff shampoos shampoos person dandruff spending money unwisely causing dandruff develop dandruff shampoos strong irritate head person thinks dandruff addition dandruff shampoos waste money lemon shampoos advertisements say lemon added shampoo makes hair shiny bright
reading tags clothing important saving money reading labels groceries important read labels buying groceries buy brand detergent looking labels brands read labels find brands kind product things amounts difference brands kind product price reading labels grocery product container ounces cereal box read label knowing product containers sizes makes find size costs cases smallest size brand costs ounce gram choice sizes brand size members family buy think small family buy large sizes brand mentioned products buy unwisely products beginning buy wisely products toys main reason wise shoppers buying toys safety concerned safety children
marihuana short term mental physical effects person report feel high marihuana feelings excitement joy fear sadness person sense distance affected sounds louder colors brighter normal person loss memory short person hallucinations imagines sights sounds sensations real ways think short term effects marihuana affect person normal activities term effects marihuana fully known find doctors experiments information gained countries marihuana widely think important find term effects marijuana think important find term effects drug important question drug person drug need need rely heavily called dependency find depending drugs true dependencies kinds drug dependency kind known physical dependency physical dependency comes person body develops need drug
mammals hair mammals dogs cats hair bodies mammals porpoises whales hair parts bodies nearly kinds mammals produce young alive lay eggs female mammals feed nurse young milk bodies animals means mammal body tends stay warm air water cold scientists sorted mammals smaller groups main groups shown pages group members alike ways groups differ ways mammals birds feathers kind animal feathers birds warmblooded bird body temperature tends stay cold air water birds eggs hard shells soft shelled eggs snakes turtles lizards ways wings birds arms wing bones similar arm bones birds bones hollow light birds couldn fly largest bones bird breastbone large muscles needed flying fastened birds teeth chewing food ground swallow food birds swallow small stones help grind food
suppose counted legs lot arthropods legs arthropods called insects insects largest group arthropods fact largest group animals kinds insects animals huge group called insects sorted smaller groups groups shown pages members smaller group alike find bees wasps thin clear wings females group sting males bugs beaks suck juices plants animals wings overlap form sort triangle tell bugs beetles wings beaks beetles hard stiff outer wings wing covers help protect flying beetles beaks chew food beetles pinch jaws sting moths butterflies wings covered tiny scales magnifying glass scales give moths butterflies beautiful colors caterpillars larvae moths butterflies flies wings knobs stalks ago wings front wings crickets grasshoppers leathery protect soft folded flying wings
animals plants sorted large groups group plants produce seeds group plants seed plants sorted smaller groups cone bearing flowering pine spruce trees examples cone bearing plants seeds grow cones trees called evergreens leaves needles seeds flowers flowers large colorful small hard don look flowers flowering plants large colorful flowers small flowers plants produce seeds ferns mosses seaweeds look seed plants flowers cones produce seeds produce plants spores look closely underside fern frond leaf find small brown dots spores dots spores tiny fine dust spore grow plant seed big seeds flowers plants grow plant produce millions spores carried moving air water likely grow seeds spores sure grow
materials sedimentary rocks shale bricks limestone shale cement gypsum plasterboard houses deal sandstone glass kinds sedimentary rocks iron aluminum kinds large amounts fertilizers lawns farm crops things sedimentary rocks baking soda laundry bleach kinds cloth kinds medicine important substances comes sedimentary rocks liquid water underground pores spaces bedrock filled water wells drilled water soaked bedrock water runs pumped water wells cold clear places pores sedimentary bedrock hold water natural gas places oil petroleum geologists think substances formed plants animals past reason called fossil fuels coal fossil fuel formed plants grew ago bedrock hold natural gas petroleum sort trap substances leaked places traps rock layers bent upwards
hardness physical property matter important material soft hard choose soft lead pencil wanted heavy dark line choose harder lead pencil thin light line kinds wood hard difficult drive nail soft dented pushing thumbnail find hardness material scratch test thing harder scratch material piece hardwood scratch piece softer wood scratch tests finding hardness minerals property hardness help identify unknown minerals mineral scratch piece glass mineral scratch coin scratch mineral known hardness chart shows minerals order softest hardest chart predict quartz scratch calcite minerals calcite scratch mass amount matter mass important property baseball player choose light heavy bat heavy bat mass bowling mass ball affect bowler mass bat bowling ball depends partly size
materials pencil lead chalk tiny particles bits rub easily property bits chalk dust small settle slowly air disappear beam light makes dust visible things sugar cubes broken smaller smaller bits bits look magnified bits sugar disappeared water taste sugar explain answer find observation visible bits matter smaller smaller fact small seen sugar chalk prove tiny bits matter scientists infer matter invisible particles large numbers particles things heard molecules atoms sure matter tiny particles tiny particles correctly call molecules particles call atoms let begin looking common substances earth water suppose tiny drop water breaking smaller smaller particles finally smallest particle water particle properties water molecule water
body needs food water air food water air things body need things insects lot damage crops put insect poisons crops chemicals insects kill animals eat insects turn animals eaten larger animals insect poisons passed chemicals washed rivers lakes water unsafe drink poisons tiny plants animals live waters living things eaten larger animals poisons food eat factories chemicals dump waste matter rivers lakes waste tiny living things insect poisons chemicals passed living things end fish foods eat foods chemicals bodies chemicals sick oxygen breathe comes air oxygen air unwanted things air harmful seen air looks dirty look air chemicals chimneys factories homes power plants buildings
freely turning magnet takes position spins goes position end points north end points south freely turning magnet magnetic compass shows direction course end magnet marked end points north north seeking pole magnet end south seeking pole magnetic compass buy thin magnet inside called needle needle turns freely inside case case nonmagnetic material think case girl compass straightened bobby pin magnetized strongly hung thin thread put nail polish north seeking pole hung inside large jar hung level touch glass jar wind turning bobby pin girl walked compass bobby pin swung wildly compass airplane boat girl tried filled jar water water stopped moving bobby pin stayed quietly position stayed turned jar water stopped bobby pin swinging wildly
classmates detectors set classroom find strong magnet affect detectors shows force magnet strong strong detected directions room places force detected lie magnetic field magnetic field found space magnet found direction magnet field strong magnet field weak reason hard detect force magnet earth thought giant magnet magnetic poles north magnetic pole south magnetic pole locate globe earth compass needle interact magnets interact poles repel unlike poles attract makes compass needle show direction turns interaction earth compass needle magnetic field earth magnetic field interact compass needle lines closely earth magnetic field places compass needle point true north likely earth geographic poles north pole south pole globe magnetic poles
sight important senses sense sight printed page tell shape size color things eyes things read books watch television learn learn places met believed sight person eyes thought eyes sight objects view able things course eyes closed sight true person able dark today light comes eyes called sight goes eyes closed things light sight light act candle flames electric lights fireflies alike produce light sun produces light stars night known sources light light sources goes directions think directions path light
study reflected light jean flashlight mirrors taped predicted path reflected light tested prediction tried times held flashlight position paper fold mark mirror knowing angle predict angle fooled mirror think saw mirror real mirror looks real look mirror real thing reflection image light image looks real hard tell mirror image real object images flat mirror glass reach bump glass walked room looked larger discovered wall covered mirror mirrors purpose restaurants barber shops private homes mirrors picture playing trick images picture longer images mirrors picture set standing front mirror move close
suppose taped small flat mirrors side side act larger mirror reflect light mirrors straight row reflect light direction mirrors curved row reflect sunlight direction act curved mirror difference row mirrors curved outward watch curved mirrors ways concave mirrors reflectors bring light kind mirror helps focus light passes point focus light spreads light sun strong point solar furnace energy boil water start fires concave mirrors aim light direction spreading source reflectors flashlights car headlights concave mirrors things look larger magnify mirror home think curved mirror magnifies image convex mirrors stores things smaller reduce objects smaller clerk bigger area store
living things depend interdependence simple lichen lichens grow soil big rocks tree trunks lichens shown lichen organism kind partnership organisms alga fungus alga food making organism fungus depends alga food alga depends fungus protection moisture partnership lets lichens grow alga fungus grow interdependence lichen simple living things part living things interdependence complex cows eat grass digest grass need help celled living things called bacteria bacteria live cows digestive systems break chemicals grass return warm safe place live inside cows chewed grass food interdependence cows grass simple complex happens kind organism affect environment happens show organisms interdependent marsh famous ducks nested snapping turtles skunks lived price skins high skunks trapped soon skunks left ducklings
tiny bit consumer eats part body takes kg hay produce kilogram live beef takes truck loads hay produce beef cow beef cow killed half meat left eating half original animal barn owl single eat mice mouse turn eat kg green plants food chain green plants barn owl animals catch eat animals called predators owls predators suppose owl food predator green plants support predator explain true number living things link food chain shown pyramid called pyramid numbers pyramid green plants base means animals links base depend green plants fewer living things link green plants green plants think higher link pyramid number living things tends smaller total mass living things higher link smaller think animal top pyramid dies happens
living things area community area live community member community organisms area members community interdependent interdependent organisms community harmful members community remove kind organism community studying happen mistake ago deer lived plateau grand canyon wanted deer thought help killed deer predators trapped killed wolves mountain lions number deer began increase fact deer increased rapidly green plants feed deer starved death lived ate plants found wise remove predators community removing member change community adding member gypsy moth eggs brought north america europe gypsy moth country brought searching silk producing moth gypsy moths prove silk producers
seen robins building nest robins gather mud shape bowl add twigs walls bottom nest finally line nest grass unusual robins learn build model robin nest suppose build nest robins beaten robins build nests learning robins things learning things born able blink born inborn act inborn act investigated knee jerk born able jerk knee simple inborn acts called reflex acts blinking reflex act knee jerk blink think true knee jerk coughing sneezing yawning reflex acts baltimore oriole building nest observe nest differ nest robin page birds builds kind nest fish build nests stickleback instance builds nest water plants nests orioles look alike nests sticklebacks look alike birds fish build nests try don learn nest building inborn
puppy born reflexes instance puppy scratching reflex insect annoys puppy scratch puppy eyes respond light puppy heart beats puppy breathes yawns sneezes coughs inborn acts reflexes neurons carry reflexes neurons working puppy born responding sound learned act let puppy learns act suppose puppy decide spotty want call soon find calling animal trainer tell puppy sees food comes running hold dog biscuit puppy call spotty puppy give puppy biscuit move repeat act hold food call comes feed puppy call spotty won show food spotty learns call learned behavior scientists explain method learning behavior works food stimulus puppy call food stimulus stimulus reaches puppy runs food course give stimulus stimulus
learn learning investigate strangely investigate art investigation suppose want look bread mold microscope want grow mold put moist bread closed jar warm place days mold appears look mold microscope question occurs mold grow light dark calls investigation investigation divide slice bread half place jar add ten drops water jar cap tightly put dark closet light days observation observe mold light growing mold dark evidence think mold grows light scientists found fact light effect growth mold investigation mold grows light think moment temperature suppose temperature mold light higher higher temperature light caused growth suppose want find temperature mold light dark
milk tip dropper tell looking milk sour sour full tiny organisms living things fact single drop milk million organisms course organisms milk small eyes tiny organisms called microorganisms microscope fairly powerful microscope microscope magnifies tiny objects makes look times larger clearly microorganisms sour milk times larger idea means imagine magnified times tall small mountain look drop sour milk magnified times microorganisms tiny organisms bacteria singular bacteria bacterium bacteria photograph harmful milk sour believe sour milk healthful buttermilk controlling growth bacteria buttermilk regular cow milk buttermilk healthful drink bacteria grow reproduce form group bacteria called colony millions bacteria colony single bacterium microscope colonies bacteria teacher help grow colonies bacteria
mold plant food guess rootlike parts secret examine bread rootlike parts microscope space bread looks bread dissolved bread rootlike parts broken small particles particles pass wall mold body mold mold breaks bread order feed bread starch food dissolve water pass wall mold starch dissolve starch pass wall mold makes substance called enzyme enzyme breaks starch enzyme starch food dissolves water food passes cell wall mold food passes cell wall mold surprised find enzyme break starch test substance breaking starch identify substance bread mold produces enzyme breaks starch sugar bacteria kind thing produce enzymes break foods food dissolve water pass bacterium wall living organisms reproduce bacterium reproduces dividing bacteria act
bacteria tiny living organisms need microscope bacterium kind organism tinier bacterium called virus scientists learned viruses viruses small need special kind microscope electron microscope picture electron microscope rod shaped bacterium looks large ball shaped viruses colds real bother believe number things start colds damp weather poor diet things lead cold real culprits viruses cold viruses attacking body viruses diseases polio picture villain polio virus enters human body virus multiplies rapidly large numbers viruses attack nerves lead muscles nerves carry messages impulses muscles brain spinal cord polio virus injure nerves impulses reach muscles muscles move compare picture healthy nerve cell polio virus injured differences observe injured nerve cell carry impulses result muscles properly paralyzed paralyzed muscles move polio virus attacks young especially polio crippled franklin roosevelt president united states young
expect farmers interested color flowering pea plant fact color peas eat related color flower white flowering garden pea red flowering garden pea white flowering plants produce bright green peas buy red flowering plants produce grayish looking pea tastes green pea look naturally farmers want sell peas pea seeds think farmers want plant happens cross red flowering garden pea plant white flowering plant need color dominant color recessive clue cross pure red flowering pea plant pure white flowering pea plant flowers offspring red means garden peas trait red flowers dominant trait white flowers recessive scientists letters stand genes crosses let call gene red flowering gene white flowering capital letter means genes red flowers dominant small letter means genes white flowers recessive suppose cross pure red plant rr pure red plant rr offspring red rr
suppose rancher herd hereford cattle white faced red coated cattle bred beef want improve herefords bull calf born ranch grows notice bull herd white faced red coat herefords horns shorthorned truly hornless polled cattle ranchers say prize polled cattle horns cattle mean trouble cattle rancher suspect polled bull mutant genes shorthorned changed genes hornless gene mutated look offspring animal think mutant gene changed mutation show offspring ago rancher iowa find prize mutant born ranch polled hereford bull rancher wanted build herd polled cattle polled bull raise entire herd rancher decided help letters ranchers raising herefords letters asked polled cattle breeding rancher found mutant polled bulls ten mutant polled cows
plant seed oak tree acorn environment roots stems leaves develop plant grows depends kind soil minerals soil growth depends water sunlight plant words growth plant depends environment kind plant develops oak tree kind tree depends genes cells genes pass plant special traits genes set shape leaves color bark genes carry code heredity dna code determines trait plant grown heredity environment act leaves tree shapes sassafras tree leaves large small deep green light green leaves depending soil water sunlight tree true parts tree size shape color characteristics tree trunk branches roots depend heredity environment understanding concepts heredity environment organism product heredity environment develops observe evidence concept look oaks maples roses horses dogs cats frogs ducks raspberries
try dry feet carpet doormat don touch hands continue scuffing seconds touch finger metal doorknob observe felt small shock touched metal dark seen spark pull sweater dry hear crackling sound observations shock spark crackling mean tear tissue paper small bits hold plastic rod bits rod attract bits rub rod briskly piece wool bring rod bits paper happens explain behavior answer question properly look model atom model carbon atom center atom nucleus whirling nucleus carbon atom tiny particles called electrons scientists found electron atom carries bit electricity matter atoms matter tiny bits electricity electrons electrons move rub plastic rod wool electrons wool rubbed wool rod rod collects extra electrons wool loses electrons observed bring rod extra electrons bit paper rod attracts paper
wire moves lines force electrons wire push wire words electrons path move flow electric current produced picture happening pushed magnet coil wire page wire cut lines force magnet electrons flowed coil galvanometer coil matter cut lines force moving magnet moving coil investigation saw stronger magnet stronger current produced stronger magnet lines force lines force cut wire stronger current stronger magnet investigations electricity electromagnet electromagnet coil insulated wire wrapped iron nail investigation simple electromagnet coil insulated wire wound nail send electric current coil nail magnet stop current nail stops magnet current send coil stronger magnetism turns wire coil stronger magnetism want strong magnet electromagnet
sending messages scout holding flags positions sailor flashing light ship ways sending messages look alike thing depend sight don send messages ways sending messages alike code code simply set signals think code special unusual fact code signals hear telephone ring signal wants talk code green light street crossing signal means green light part special set signals signals code codes sets signals try naming signals codes began understand electricity wondered electricity send messages took investigation inventors scientists engineers put concept result step forward sending messages telegraph diagram telegraph key simple push button switch push key contact points touch electricity flows dry cells sounder key electricity reaches coils coils electromagnet
nearly energy earth comes sun learned earlier units energy food coal electricity comes sun indirectly ways energy directly sun energy sun called solar energy house heated solar energy solar energy operates instruments satellite sun energy clues studying sun scientists find sun mainly gases hydrogen helium fact percent sun gases rest matter sun atoms atoms earth standards environment sun wondrous instance temperature inside sun million degrees celsius temperature atoms inside sun lost electrons nuclei atoms moving tremendous speed sun happens fast moving nuclei hydrogen atoms sun hydrogen nuclei react series steps form helium nuclei coming atomic nuclei nucleus called fusion fusion nuclear reaction fusion reaction produces helium nucleus bursts energy
stars move stars galaxy revolving center giant wheel stars star sun moving center galaxy stars move ways star called demon moves special ago arab shepherds noticed days bright star dark arabs fearful star called demon star known today shine steadily days darker brighten took thousand solve mystery companion companion star circle common center companion dimmer compared dark figure dark star grow dark clue astronomers discover motion star photographs barnard star marked arrow milky galaxy star twenty later barnard star moved moving sky scientists predict motion stars bodies space comets instance halley comet appeared scientists comet seen expect comet named edmund halley comet
thought universe remained pretty things feel earth moving earth moving rotating revolving sun moon revolves earth earth revolves star sun sun moving billions stars galaxy moving millions galaxies universe moving universe vast understand understand things universe motion understand things change continuous change scientists disorder learn develop concepts influence instance scientists developed space shuttle test flight shuttle taking space jet plane shuttle give scientists valuable information earth space scientists limit observation things actually explain things eyes reason evidence understand matter change energy understanding explain sun radiates light energy sun matter energy
suppose watch mountain million mountain change geologists scientists study earth history don need million tell young mountains mountains mountain young edges rough jagged rocky peaks pointed mountain ages wears peaks sharp let happens energy sun acts bare rock young mountains sun energy heats rock heat rock expand expect rock heated inside night rock cools contracts rock cools faster inside night rock expands contracts cracks begin show rock water rain snow runs cracks water freezes crack crack widens crack widens rocks split rock worn handful sand breaking rock weather called weathering watched mountain million weathering makes mountain sharp edges pointed peaks round smooth watch mountain million rocks changed plants watch plants called lichens lichens stand heat cold dryness looking lichens mountain plants gripping rock find lichens give substances break rock
aquanauts exciting investigate bottom sea vessel takes aquanauts sea floor coast bottom observe strange things thing kind slow rain rain material falling water sea bottom rain sea tiny rocks pebbles grains sand specks soil material raining bottom sea seen rain goes rain think rivers flowing land sea river erosion river carrying rock soil substances picked call material river carries sediment river dumps load sediment sea sediments rain ocean floor happens model rivers coming sea full overloading rush bring heavy load coarse sediment large pieces rock times rivers move slowly force sediment carry tiny particles rivers happens coastline bottom sea layers sediment laid sea bottom
happened quiet mexican town paricutin smoke began rise farmer cornfield farmer hurried opening ground steam hot gases ashes molten rock poured building mound grew higher higher paricutin volcano born volcano forms rock earth crust molten heat crust melted rock mixed melted rock large amounts hot gases gases pressure pressure hot gases melted rock burst earth hard crust river molten rock flows ground destroying lies molten rock earth called lava lava cover land kilometers volcano lava ashes pour volcano adding layer layer cooling hardening cone shaped mountain notice crater opening volcano top lassen peak california formed volcano ixtaccihuatl volcano mexico ixtaccihuatl longer fierce volcano alaska number volcanoes active rumble dangerous present short ago volcanoes burst chile killed homes destroyed read fierce volcano vesuvius italy
seen compound broken elements seen water broken hydrogen oxygen compound built elements compound build called iron oxide iron oxide rust forms iron objects build compound iron oxide need elements iron oxygen iron nail steel wool nail pure iron steel steel wool steel mainly iron iron steel wool nail purpose need oxygen course oxygen air air oxygen oxygen act iron compound oxygen compound hydrogen peroxide hydrogen peroxide oxygen days oxygen acts moist nail steel wool metal takes red brown coating rust chemists call rust iron oxide compound elements iron oxygen atoms iron atoms oxygen combine write change occurs remember arrow stands say iron oxygen iron oxide word iron tells iron part compound word oxide tells oxygen part compound
careful testing chemists found elements compounds earth crust elements compounds present earth water elements compounds found earth air table lists element percent crust water air oxygen makes percent earth crust say parts earth crust parts oxygen try answer questions information table element common earth crust earth waters earth air aluminum iron earth crust oxygen gas element gas makes percent earth crust nearly half earth crust oxygen oxygen gas earth crust solid explain large amount oxygen earth crust oxygen combines elements form oxides iron oxygen combine form iron oxide rust rust solid aluminum oxygen combine form aluminum oxide solid deal silicon oxide crust dug shovelfuls sand silicon dioxide oxygen active substance combines easily substances oxygen mainly found elements compounds won find lumps pure iron pure aluminum crust earth
scientists look ways geologists instance look earth planet geologists big climb walk things study chemists looking chemists study things small seen powerful microscopes atoms molecules building blocks elements chemists combine elements compounds break compounds elements compound elements breaking compounds building chemists try find change substance built kind chemical change iron combining oxygen form iron oxide chemical change iron oxide substance iron oxide properties iron oxygen formed physical change form substance ice changing water physical change form water changed solid liquid tear piece paper physical change paper burn paper hand compounds form chemical change taking place chemical change theory explain happens places times earth theory explains hidden likenesses things earth
finish reading paragraph person earth breath air breathe breathe taking molecules environment giving molecules breathe inhale molecules breathe exhale return molecules environment air exhale air inhale let compare fresh air exhaled air air inhaled contained percent oxygen percent oxygen air breathing evidence oxygen breathing carbon dioxide opposite happens carbon dioxide air breathe exhaled air contained percent carbon dioxide gas evidence carbon dioxide produced breathing fact fits cells produce carbon dioxide oxygen oxygen carbon dioxide fill air exhaling carbon dioxide green plants turn giving oxygen carbon dioxide oxygen air remains exchanging molecules plants look nitrogen air inhale exhale amount percent
alive cells alive parts body live cells surprise parts body alive think haircut hair cut felt pain hair alive notice cells hair look powerful microscope parts body cut pain nails course alive dentist teeth alive brush teeth living cells teeth exposed protected gums lined living cells tooth covered hard material alive called enamel inside tooth pulp blood vessels nerve pulp alive parts body enamel nails hair living cells hard material body cells important bone cells cells making bone reason growing taller kinds cells body jobs cells bone instance differ cells muscle cells brain differ cells blood
body built marvelous building blocks billions tiny cells working tissues organs organs organs teams called organ systems organ system organs mouth stomach intestine system digesting food course organ system breathing organs nose throat lungs working organ systems form body body beautifully organized remarkable job putting body building blocks smooth muscle cell stomach cells form tissues smooth muscle tissue stomach tissues form organs stomach organ organs form organ systems organ system shown digestive system job digesting food organs teams organs member team let find cells need food cell body wrapped membrane cell food substances pass cell membrane pass membrane food broken digested food mouth tongue teeth break juice poured food juice remember saliva saliva comes glands open mouth close eyes imagine taste favorite food
layers colored red yellow brown substances color sediment iron compounds instance color sediment red soil color red soils black soils brown soils sands colors sedimentary rock layers colored differently layer oldest laid layers order settled bottom layer oldest finding age rock scientists discover takes sediment build thickness instance place sediment form centimeters rock suppose rock times thick times form scientists discovered kind clock earth element uranium earth slowly breaking lead fast uranium lead found substance uranium kind clock keeping rocks uranium clock tell hours ordinary clock tells millions suppose scientists find piece rock uranium lead lead rock uranium figure took uranium change lead uranium began changing rock formed rock
reason water safer place land living things water temperature slowly sea hot desert cold antarctic animals plants land stand burning heat summer icy cold winter sun heat animals plants land dry seen field parched corn drying dangerous living things plants animals sea dry spite danger adventure happened ancient past kind fish developed crawl land supplies food water dwellers strange creature land animal fossil evidence makes scientists think creature looked part fish part salamander animal alive today fishes alive crawl land breathe air short lungfish animals able live land legs fins moving lungs gills breathing sort creatures early age land moist warm ferns tall trees grew shielded animals land sun heat
added story changing earth evidence scientists think earth ball hot matter revolving sun ball cooled mixture gases surrounded cooled water vapor atmosphere cooled began rain rain thousands scientists think early oceans volcano volcano burst young earth melted rock bubbling surface crust slowly cooled rock began weather break weathered rock carried ocean sedimentary rock began form earth slowly sediment streamed ocean form rock rock layers thicker thicker heavier heavier pressing material beneath later earth crust heaved raised areas worn things going sedimentary layers pressing pressure slowly grows earth crust pushed places earthquakes volcanoes show earth changing erosion cutting mountains land building earth young planet think plants animals changing evidence found fossil hunting scientists
sodium chloride heated blue flame burner produces yellow flame yellow flame recognizing element sodium send yellow light flame spectroscope thin yellow lines spectrum yellow lines fingerprint element sodium speak sodium produces lines spectroscope flames produced sodium elements try investigation page dark clear night astronomer turns telescope star spectroscope attached eyepiece telescope spectroscope attached camera records spectrum film telescope aimed star telescope machinery keeps spectroscope aimed shutter camera opened spectrum photographed record star light film astronomer study star spectrum set lines identify substances star observations spectroscopes shown scientists bright stars mainly hydrogen helium spectrums elements sun stars substances found earth substances present small amounts sun stars mainly hydrogen helium gas scientists believe hydrogen turning helium deep inside sun hydrogen turns helium energy fact energy sun stars give heat light
ruler units length speak distance sun distance sun million kilometers measure distance sun ruler units suppose walk normal speed million hours walk earth sun million days correct say distance sun earth million walking days walking unit distances space nearest star instance counting sun trillion kilometers astronomers want ruler measuring distances space give smaller numbers fact astronomers ruler shortly ruler let idea distance measured solar system flashlight try find mirror dark room find light reflected mirror turn flashlight flash light mirror light bouncing idea measuring distances planets light energy form energy speed light radio wave scientists carefully measured speed radio waves
earth rotates axis earth revolves orbit sun earth move space sun star millions galaxy moving space sun constantly changing matter changed energy energy coming sun makes earth scientists believe changing matter energy goes stars light study important concepts matter changed energy universe constantly changing earth moves sun moon moves earth isaac newton answer questions give important concepts concepts helps understand earth continues motion newton law inertia states object rest remains rest object motion continues motion straight line acted force earth motion straight line earth moves orbit sun moon motion straight line moon orbit earth force pulls earth moon straight line force gravitation newton law gravitation states objects attracted force gravitation
wang lung marriage opening eyes blackness curtains bed think dawn house faint gasping cough father room opposite middle room morning cough sound heard wang lung lay listening moved heard approaching nearer heard door father room squeak wooden hinges morning wait sprang pushed curtains bed dark ruddy dawn small square hole window tattered paper fluttered glimpse bronze sky gleamed hole tore paper spring need muttered ashamed say aloud wished house look neat hole barely large admit hand thrust feel air small soft wind blew gently east wind mild murmurous full rain omen fields needed rain fruition rain days wind continued water yesterday father brazen glittering sunshine continued wheat fill ear heaven chosen wish
luxury living morning lay bed watched woman wholly rose drew loosened garments fastened closely throat waist fitting body slow twist put feet cloth shoes drew straps hanging light small hole shone bar saw face dimly looked unchanged astonishment wang lung felt night changed woman rising bed risen cough rose dusky dawn father bowl hot water lungs asked voice exactly yesterday spoke tea leaves simple question troubled wang lung liked say certainly tea leaves think beggars liked woman think tea leaves house house hwang course bowl water green leaves slave drink water knew father angry woman served tea water rich
hour birth drew woman help woman shook head clearing bowls evening food bed night light fell flickering flame small tin lamp filled bean oil twist cotton floated wick woman asked consternation beginning accustomed conversations part movement head hand occasional word dropped unwillingly wide mouth feel lack conversing odd house continued mother woman village affairs house slave friends mentioned house turned seen narrow eyes widened face stirred dull anger house cried dropped pipe filling stared face suddenly usual collecting chopsticks spoken
wang lung sitting threshold door surely remain empty house die lean body daily wrapped tightly loose girdle determination live coming fullness suddenly robbed stupid fate anger express times seized frenzy rushed barren threshing floor shook arms foolish sky shone eternally blue clear cold cloudless wicked heaven cry recklessly instant afraid instant cry sullenly happen worse happened walked dragging foot famished weakness temple earth deliberately spat face small imperturbable god sat goddess sticks incense pair moons paper clothes tattered showed clay bodies rents sat unmoved wang lung teeth walked house groaning fell bed
pieces silver wang lung paid hundred miles road officer took silver gave handful copper pence wang lung bought vendor thrust tray wares hole wagon soon stopped small loaves bread bowl soft rice girl eat days starved food mouths desire left coaxing boys swallow sucked bread toothless gums eat cackled friendly pressed rolled rocked care foolish belly growing lazy days fed die wish laughed suddenly smiling wizened sparse white beard scattered chin copper pence wang lung spend food able buy mats build shed reached south women south rich cities south beg save price food
sharpness wang lung hunger saw children daily eat knew morning rice labor lan begging pay strangeness passed began feel city fringes clung running streets learned city fashion saw secret parts learned morning drew vehicle women market schools houses business sort schools knowing fact called names school western learning school china gates knew ask place houses business drew paid knew night knew drew big tea houses places pleasure pleasure open streams streets sound music gaming pieces ivory bamboo wooden table pleasure secret silent hidden walls
wang lung land ox plough harvest harvest garner built small room house bought ass neighbor ching sell parcel land leave lonely house house help land ching glad heavens rained season young rice grew wheat cut harvested heavy sheaves planted young rice flooded fields rice wang lung planted planted rains abundance water lands dry fit rice harvest ching harvest wang lung hired laborers lived village harvested remembered idle young lords fallen house worked land bought house hwang bade young sons sharply morning fields set labor small hands guiding ox ass making accomplish labor heat sun bodies weariness walking furrows
wang lung built fortunes house seventh river north heavy swollen waters excessive rains snows northwest source burst bounds sweeping flooding lands region wang lung afraid afraid fifths land lake deep shoulders late spring early summer water rose lay sea lovely idle mirroring cloud moon willows bamboo trunks stood submerged earthen house abandoned dwellers stood days water fell slowly water earth houses wang lung built hill hills stood islands town boat raft starved wang lung afraid grain markets owed money store rooms filled full harvests houses stood high water fear land planted idle idle full food grew impatient slept sleep
waters receded wang lung land leaving wet smoking sun days summer heat need ploughed harrowed seed put wang lung tea shop child fallen ill reached suddenly end days wang lung caught thing forgotten pointed face scroll body woman slender bamboo waters lay placid unmoved slight summer wind rose sunset dozed boys trudged school dawn evening house wang lung restless avoided eyes lan looked miserably flung chair rose drinking tea poured smoking pipe lit end seventh month twilight lingered murmurous sweet breath lake stood door house suddenly word turned abruptly room put coat coat black shining cloth shining silk lan feast days word narrow paths water edge fields darkness city gate streets tea shop
lotus seeing wang lung distraught presence thinking things beauty pouted known short look stayed tea house turned head spoke looked corner eyes laughed seized hand put face smelled fragrance answered think jewel sewn coat lost bear days think eldest son blood restless desire wed find wed willing marry daughters village farmers meet seeing bear common wang town say son daughter loath professional matchmaker bargain daughter deformed idiot lotus eldest son grown tall graceful young manhood looked lad favor diverted wang lung replied musing tea house spoke daughter small fine child love strange daughter troubles lawful reason loved red girl called flower
wang lung found coil dreamed uncle grinning sparse scattered hairs grey beard robes wrapped girdled body carelessly wang lung sweated chilly saw dared speak courteous words fear uncle true prosperity especially harvests starved children bandits house lands times afraid barred doors stoutly night summer love dressed avoided appearance wealth villagers heard stories marauding home slept fitfully listened sounds night robbers house grew careless bold believed protected heaven fortune destiny grew heedless incense gods thought affairs land suddenly saw safe safe fed uncle house
eldest son wang lung felt house purged unrest relief thing young look children troubles land planted harvested season happen knew children eldest son decided early lad school apprentice trade wait wildness young manhood catch plague house older son wang lung unlike elder sons house elder tall big boned ruddy faced north mother short slight yellow skinned reminded wang lung father crafty sharp humorous eye turn malice moment wang lung boy merchant school apprenticed grain market convenient thing son sell harvests watch scales tip weight favor
horde idle outer courts wang lung family hate fear cousin tore trees flowering shrubs plum almond broke crushed delicate carvings chairs boots private filth pools flecked golden fish swam fish died floated water rotted white bellies upturned cousin ran cast eyes slaves wang lung sons looked eyes haggard sunken dared sleep cuckoo saw thing slave pleasure taking wang lung seized eagerly endure trouble house thought bade cuckoo ask cousin slave seen cuckoo says pale sleeps bed mistress
wang lung cease thought youngest son pear blossom watched maid incessantly knowing thought filled mind doted night early summer night air thick soft mists warmth fragrance sat rest court flowering cassia tree sweet heavy scent cassia flowers filled nostrils sat blood ran full hot blood young felt blood half mind walk land feel earth feet shoes stockings feel skin ashamed longer held farmer gates town landowner rich wandered restlessly courts stayed altogether court lotus sat shade smoked water pipe knew restless sharp eyes amiss mind quarreling daughters law grandchildren frequent delight
autumn flares false heat summer dies winter quick love wang lung pear blossom heat passed passion died fond passionless passing flame suddenly cold age fond comfort court served faithfully patience kind perfect kindness love love father daughter sake kind poor fool comfort told mind wang lung thought times poor fool dead cared lived starved bought bundle white poisonous stuff medicine shop give fool eat saw death dreaded hour death comfort saw pear blossom faithful called leave poor fool mine live seeing mind troubles kill trouble worry
younger vulnerable father gave advice turning mind feel criticizing told remember haven advantages didn say unusually communicative reserved understood meant deal consequence inclined reserve judgments habit opened curious natures victim veteran bores abnormal mind quick detect attach quality appears normal person college unjustly accused politician privy secret griefs wild unknown confidences unsought frequently feigned sleep preoccupation hostile levity realized unmistakable sign intimate revelation quivering horizon intimate revelations young terms express marred obvious reserving judgments matter infinite hope afraid missing forget father snobbishly suggested snobbishly repeat sense fundamental decencies unequally birth boasting tolerance admission limit
half west egg york motor road hastily joins railroad runs quarter mile shrink desolate area land valley ashes fantastic farm ashes grow wheat ridges hills grotesque gardens ashes forms houses chimneys rising smoke finally transcendent effort move dimly crumbling powdery air occasionally line gray cars crawls invisible track ghastly creak comes rest immediately ash gray swarm leaden spades stir impenetrable cloud screens obscure operations sight gray land spasms bleak dust drift endlessly perceive moment eyes doctor eyes doctor blue gigantic retinas yard high look face pair enormous yellow spectacles pass non existent nose evidently wild wag oculist set fatten practice borough queens sank eternal blindness forgot moved eyes dimmed days sun rain brood solemn dumping ground valley ashes bounded side small foul river drawbridge let barges passengers waiting trains stare dismal scene half hour
sister catherine slender worldly girl thirty solid sticky bob red hair complexion powdered milky white eyebrows plucked drawn rakish angle efforts nature restoration alignment gave blurred air face moved incessant clicking innumerable pottery bracelets jingled arms proprietary haste looked furniture wondered lived asked laughed repeated question aloud told lived girl friend hotel mckee pale feminine flat shaved white spot lather respectful greeting room informed artistic game gathered later photographer dim enlargement mrs wilson mother hovered wall wife shrill languid handsome horrible told pride husband photographed hundred twenty times married mrs wilson changed costume attired elaborate afternoon dress cream colored chiffon gave continual rustle swept room influence dress personality undergone change
october nineteen seventeen jordan baker afternoon sitting straight straight chair tea garden plaza hotel walking place half sidewalks half lawns happier lawns shoes england rubber soles bit soft ground plaid skirt blew wind happened red white blue banners front houses stretched stiff tut tut tut tut disapproving largest banners largest lawns belonged daisy fay house eighteen older popular young girls louisville dressed white white roadster telephone rang house excited young officers camp taylor demanded privilege monopolizing night anyways hour opposite house morning white roadster curb sitting lieutenant seen engrossed didn feet hello jordan called unexpectedly flattered wanted speak older girls admired
home west egg night afraid moment house fire clock corner peninsula blazing light fell unreal shrubbery thin elongating glints roadside wires turning corner saw house lit tower cellar thought party wild rout resolved hide seek sardines box house thrown open game wasn sound wind trees blew wires lights house winked darkness taxi groaned saw walking lawn place looks fair turned eyes absently glancing rooms let coney island sport car late suppose plunge swimming pool haven summer bed waited looking suppressed eagerness talked miss baker moment going call daisy tomorrow invite tea carelessly don want put trouble suit suit corrected quickly don want put trouble
ambitious young reporter york arrived morning door asked say say inquired politely statement give transpired confused minutes heard office connection wouldn reveal didn fully understand laudable initiative hurried random shot reporter instinct notoriety spread hundreds accepted hospitality authorities past increased summer fell short news contemporary legends underground pipe line canada attached persistent story didn live house boat looked house moved secretly island shore inventions source satisfaction james north dakota easy say james legally changed age seventeen specific moment witnessed beginning career saw dan cody yacht drop anchor insidious flat lake superior james loafing beach afternoon torn green jersey pair canvas pants jay borrowed rowboat pulled informed cody wind catch break half hour
couldn sleep night fog horn groaning incessantly sound tossed half sick grotesque reality savage frightening dreams dawn heard taxi drive immediately jumped bed began dress felt tell warn morning late crossing lawn saw front door open leaning table hall heavy dejection sleep happened wanly waited clock window stood minute turned light house enormous night hunted rooms cigarettes pushed curtains pavilions felt innumerable feet dark wall electric light switches tumbled sort splash keys ghostly piano inexplicable amount dust rooms musty aired days found unfamiliar table stale dry cigarettes inside throwing open french windows drawing room sat smoking darkness pretty trace car sport atlantic city week montreal wouldn consider couldn possibly leave daisy knew going
remember rest night endless drill police photographers newspaper front door rope stretched main gate policeman curious boys soon discovered enter yard clustered open mouthed pool positive manner detective expression madman bent wilson body afternoon adventitious authority voice set key newspaper reports morning reports nightmare grotesque circumstantial eager untrue testimony brought light wilson suspicions wife thought tale shortly served racy catherine didn say word showed surprising amount character looked determined eyes corrected brow swore sister seen sister completely happy husband sister mischief convinced cried handkerchief suggestion endure wilson reduced deranged grief order case remain simplest form rested
vivid memories coming west prep school later college christmas farther chicago gather dim union station clock december evening chicago friends caught holiday bid hasty remember fur coats girls returning miss chatter frozen breath hands waving overhead caught sight acquaintances invitations going green tickets clasped tight gloved hands murky yellow cars chicago milwaukee st paul railroad looking cheerful christmas tracks gate pulled winter night real snow snow began stretch twinkle windows dim lights small wisconsin stations moved sharp wild brace suddenly air drew deep breaths walked dinner cold unutterably aware identity country strange hour melted middle west wheat prairies lost swede towns thrilling returning trains youth street lamps sleigh bells frosty dark shadows holly wreaths thrown lighted windows snow
rained hard incessantly stopping thought period rain imagined rain water found hole thatched roof dripping damp floor built high ground walls melted moisture brought pots pans laid catch drips soon leaks pots fortunately laid stock firewood sticks remained served cook rice fire burnt hissing water wood huddled round trying dry children cheerful known things lakes streams formed gave endless delight nathan watched heavy hearts waters rose rose tender green paddy rice field sank lost bad season nathan somberly sadly rains destroyed eating words broke doleful sorrowful sobs brother suit understand burst tears cramped humour sitting crouched damp floor hungry eat season harvesting lay rotting
india discover types languages spoken parts land main languages exist india dialects languages unwritten tribal languages hundreds dialect form speech area united states south east west speak dialects english remember size diversity india age cities kingdoms invaders settlers lands guess india number languages recently india nation lot states kingdoms language part read write variety languages difficult uneducated india communicate indians area understand indians lived hundred miles situation existed united states yorkers couldn read books printed boston chicagoans couldn write letters cleveland president talk television government india tried solve problem making language official language nation dialects percent largest language group india indians languages unwilling give
village course goes ways consider mythical community call small village mud houses acres lie flat reasonably fertile plain odd wells provide water irrigate crops dry season teams drive oxen wells providing power lift gallon buckets water boys pour water channels lead squared fields families largest single occupation group farmers families villages castes classes divided live families harijans untouchables lowest class live segregated separated area crumbling mud huts ram das villagers small emaciated skinny toothless ram illiterate unable read write poverty stricken tenant landless farmer received acres land government divided land ram working fields recall father grandfather grandfather knows tenants ram considers looks feels acutely coughing occasional hemorrhages bleeding ram energy season prays devoutly sincerely hopes drive devil making ill
stopped house say ram ram hello morning headed fields junior high school mile mornings schoolboys carrying cloth bag books boys asked read aloud school books geography arithmetic stories poems learning read slowness mistakes give laugh turn ask read textbook english marvelled strange sounded quickly easily pronounce morning carried wide mattock kind shovel shoulder fact help brother today irrigating family fields fields green wheat standing foot high school today asked school sir father sick fields place hope school exams week volleyball singing contest knew hoped play volleyball team win prize singing contest wanted sure passing junior high school exam agriculture high school
hindus main beliefs important shaping attitudes reincarnation belief person dies soul born body body human animal insect souls begin lower animals lived proper soul reborn advanced animal goes humans memories previous lives accept present birth part series lives belief reincarnation hindus respect living things animals birds insects fed protected believed souls main idea hinduism sacred belief caste read earlier chapters hindus belong lives castes born castes determine members eat living marry associate members castes caste rules hinduism worship hindus try live according rules castes rules generally live honest devout lives souls rewarded happy lives graduating heaven higher caste lives
village full deities gods comes tinkle bells smell offerings turn honored knowing gods half fun villager births weddings funerals excitement religious festivals religious festivals important india provide village entertainment piety reassurance evil occasion caste asserts place hierarchy rank society village asserts unity festival interest castes participate watch festivals vary part india south festival cattle celebrates harvest beast speed coming rains bulls cows center villagers attention fed washed decorated garlands auspicious flowers signs luck horns painted luscious gold red deep blue saffron tassels bells strung tips northern eastern central india villagers observe festival welcome spring main feature festival sprinkling colored water boisterous noisy festivals begins ends sadly
mammoth demonstration front parliament slaughter cows turned riot today regions country took part arrived relaxed festive mood number hindu holy front procession content listen speeches broke police lines tried storm gates parliament uproar excited crowd police threw containers tear gas crowd hurled bricks nearby building sites squad riflemen stationed head street ordered fire heads crowd demonstrators retreated smashing windows starting fires face rioting aimed forcing prime minister indira gandhi government ban cow slaughter india states prohibition ban cow source conflict indian hindus nation moslem minority moslems slaughter eat cattle feel reverence cow riots part reflection religious principle observers saw violence move hindu priests extreme moslem political parties embarrass ruling congress party prime minister indira gandhi february general elections riots broken indian provinces recent weeks diverse issues religion language educational conditions
hindu moslem conflict roots history hundreds beginning early moslems invaded india waging wars conquering land setting kingdoms late moslems ruled india southern tip invaders considered holy duty spread moslem faith buddhist hindu infidels non believers moslem rulers wise tolerant hindu religion ruthless non believers destroyed buddhist hindu temples forced convert moslem faith waged bloody wars religion imposed special taxes moslems moslem empire india finally weakened result poor leadership costly wars british gaining power india land split number states ruled hindu moslem princes moslem power hindus forget injustices moslem rule moslems forgot ruled land early indians began struggle independence britain moslems worked hindus free united nation moslems changed efforts believed dominated discriminated hindu majority decided separate moslem nation rights felt needed independence grew nearer violent riots took place hindus moslems issue kind nation india
india constitution states law label untouchables discriminate caste born means millions untouchables full citizens india equal legal rights education jobs special efforts help equal chances colleges set scholarships harijans untouchables called constitution required number seats lok sabha reserved harijans proportion numbers population untouchables gains idea untouchability existed india easily give ways thinking government says ways wrong selection untouchable lives education job master degree law degree college official college commerce economics bombay tell changed untouchables indian constitution written heavyset twenty told educated untouchables live bombay fixed wife visit home picked hotel downtown bombay took taxi proved ride stretch city
impressive geographic feature india himalayan mountain range stretches top india curve miles miles wide forms natural boundary india mountains create wall averages feet high mountain peaks rise feet tallest mt everest nepal tibet border feet travel mountains difficult railroads flying mountains dangerous passes western part mountain range foreign peoples invaded india famous khyber pass west pakistan mountains important reasons block cold winds blow southward tibet central asia protect northern india frost freezing cold indian subcontinent main rivers sources himalayas ganges jumna indus brahmaputra branches rise mountains receive steady supply water melting snows glaciers himalayas depend rainfall vital millions live northern plains watered rivers himalayan wall important effect indian monsoon winds blow northeastward indian ocean hit mountains winds rise cool water vapor forms rain falls lowland plains
india country villages indians live rural villages million live villages vary size depending location climate villages centers local farming social activities learn later villages conveniences modern living electricity sewage systems protected sources water villages wells course rivers villagers small lanterns candles kerosene expensive local doctor india doctors practice large cities government nurse medical practitioner fully trained doctor small room hospital clinic provide medical care villages villagers farmers part provide services goods entire community barber carpenter teacher return services farmers paid food exchange goods services known involves cash traditionally families specialize occupations passed centuries room houses simple walls floor mud roof thatch windows plumbing furniture cot wooden frame lattice ropes serves spring straw mat called
largest single religion religions india hinduism million indians majority call hindus hinduism religion rule moment birth moment death tells wash wash eat eat clothes wear wear greet say goodbye hinduism social system castes divide groups according birth occupation divisions rules regulations concerning social relations members caste castes hinduism philosophy explains moral obligations duties roles husband father family provider ruler unlike religions hinduism founder jesus mohammed central authority catholic pope organization catholic church main religious book bible koran fixed creed hindus variety beliefs practices believe god rock tree particle matter need ways approaching god believe supreme called brahma brahma takes forms functions
british helped foster indian nationalism created united india india language english spoken educated built railroad system criss crossed country helped bring established single law single government british introduced idea nationalism india educational system schools taught western ideas democracy unification independence courses history literature interest love country gradually awakened indians slowly began think indians proud heritage hindu moslem brahman outcast rich poor feeling unity strengthened growing resentment british provided common bond groups leadership retired englishman allan hume indians organized indian national congress meeting attended professional intellectual class sympathetic britons lent support elected presidency party early history congress party met city grew slowly membership began increase rapidly controlled moderates chief demands greater indian participation government holding civil service examinations india london wider employment indians public services increased educational program
effort end hindu moslem rioting gandhi began fast death leaders religious groups promised restore harmony peace ended fast rioting continued hindus angry gandhi tolerant attitude moslems efforts peace member militant extremist hindu organization assassinated gandhi prayer meeting january gentle indian leader strongly opposed violence half century died violence death mourned india end troubles british plan partition states india joined hindu india moslem pakistan remain independent according wishes ruling prince princes persuaded join india pakistan whichever part territory largest states kashmir joined countries independence moslem ruler predominantly hindu population completely surrounded india territory indian army invaded forced join india kashmir surrounded india pakistan complex problem ruler hindu moslem tribesmen pakistan invaded kashmir india flew troops prevent taking
nehru opposite gandhi aristocrat birth member wealthy brahman family jawaharlal nehru raised lap luxury england english education specializing cambridge chemistry geology botany studied law admitted bar returned india age father nehru prosperous lawyer leaders congress party son remained aloof independence movement early massacre page gandhi campaign non violent civil disobedience nehru ardent nationalist gave law practice devoted energies abilities nationalist movement jailed participation civil disobedience campaigns wrote books jail quality showed possess unusual writing talent glimpses history written form letters daughter mrs indira gandhi woman prime minister india study history seen asian eyes autobiography freedom publicized indian side nationalist struggle widely read countries history india discovery india written non british point view considered book nehru travelled europe asia jail
india problems communist china recent rank difficulties pakistan china occupied tibet india door neighbor relations countries friendly india strongest supporters red china admission united nations exchanges official visits leaders agricultural technical experts cultural delegations brought countries close countries breaking foreign controls pursuing programs improve standard living indian government democratic socialism chinese leaders imposing dictatorial fashion nehru mao tung china agreed general statement principles nehru called principles included mutual non aggression respect territorial integrity non interference domestic affairs peaceful coexistence equality principles reaffirmed conference afro asian nations india invited china major break red china india took place tibet revolted chinese building chinese takeover religious ruler lama forced flee india welcomed chinese troops crossed eastern section india northern border occupied indian territory nehru appealed china withdraw soldiers live agreement
arrival british india coming moslems hindu influence held sway centuries influence islam subcontinent india began eighth century arabs middle east settled indus river region hundred later moslems central asia poured khyber pass social order islam based principle human equality universal brotherhood greatly influenced caste dominated hindu society seventeenth century entire subcontinent rule mogul empire empire began fall internal rivalry european colonization domination mogul empire ended struggle independence began moslems gradually lost political power social prestige overshadowed overwhelming hindu majority colonial policies european nations asia british political re awakening moslems began efforts sir khan revive political social rights result creation india league awhile moslems cooperated hindus movement indian independence leaders changed course history india millions moslems mohammed poetry exalted islamic cultural heritage stressed patriotism death popularized idea single independent moslem india reality mohammed ali jinnah
bangladesh descendants dravidians earliest inhabitants india conquered aryans bengali generally darker smaller size pakistanis bengal area british introduced western culture industrialization bangladesh ranks eighth population million language bengali source friction pakistan wanted impose pakistani language bangladesh roughly size wisconsin highest population densities land fertile plain delta watered major rivers major products jute rice tea largest jute mills located slowly getting production war climate ranges temperature dry winters wet summers average annual rainfall inches contributed heavy monsoon rains reason bangladesh depend irrigation pakistan sustain agricultural economy present sheik government bangladesh shortly west pakistanis invaded east pakistan march captured imprisoned west pakistan held solitary confinement months pakistan defeat released president bhutto
turn hand put fingers hand wrist feel ropes veins feel beat veins beat feel tells says heart beating inside seen pictures cities cities big crowded places cities big ago cities growing bigger bigger cities giants learning cities try feel beat giants eyes ears brains bodies try feel beat beat beat city try feel beat giants try feel beat beat beat city eyes ears brains bodies feel beat city streets filled cars trucks cars trucks part beat city walk city street push hurry beat city city sounds mix voices horns street repair drills hear beat city subway trains rumble sidewalk shakes feel beat city think city sights lights blink flash moves hurry rains umbrellas bump taxis speed buses full cars skid hear brakes
crossroads today city place things ideas city giant crossroads look carefully picture think moment goes city goes city ride trains buses cars city shop big stores going city visit theaters museums television stations city ride train think nicest tracks trains rolling city carrying coal coal cars oil tank cars trains stream city carrying refrigerators automobiles tennis shoes fine ride city car giant highway stretches front smooth ribbon look signs trucks pass say oranges strictly fresh eggs speedy refrigerated van passes says country fresh cut flowers cities buy flowers picked country morning side highway trucks zoom city carry chairs baseball gloves doll buggies think city thinking giant crossroads
river ohio early settlers found surprising sight looked big doughnut lying land doughnut dirt wall settlers thought dirt wall looked fort settlers walk feet side circle dirt wall feet high higher room sitting inside wall dirt ground clear flat fact building town trees cut swamps fill settlers decided place build town grown ups talked worked drew plans town children played high dirt wall climbed grassy sides played hide seek raced rolling slopes sad parents going tear wall thought thing home settlers tore big doughnut wall circle wall stood built circle street middle circle built round park park circle street round street called circle alley circle street circle alley built churches schools houses stores meeting places guess settlers called town
built fine walls wall scientists think zimbabwe part africa days savanna rivers ruled powerful african king king called served ruler built fine walls fought enemies finally conquered chief king savanna ruled tribes land rivers built palace zimbabwe palace put stone walls called temple built tall stone tower lived palace court dressed cotton robes threads thin gold wire woven cotton robes believed perfect allowed secret path round tower secret trail acropolis speak sat curtain called lion died spirit lived body lion died village fires put started fires royal fire showed obey ruler gold mines traded wide
north snowy peaks himalayas indus tributaries begin tumbling journey spring snow melts makes rivers grow big plunge high mountains carrying rocks gravel dirt rocks gravel heavy sink waters rivers carry dirt mountains plain tributaries join indus river bigger bigger soon spills banks muddy water spreads flat land soil rich layer river mud today farmers pakistan plant crops indus river banks planted crops thousand ago spring indus flooded plain left river mud spring farmers planted seeds muddy soil seeds sprouted grew summer heat spread land plants ripened quickly harvest harvest farmers rested spring rivers grew fat melting snow farmers knew plant built dams indus river belonged mountain snows extra deep snows melted rivers grew extra big flood waters poured dams filling houses water mud
columbus crossed atlantic ocean earlier mansa musa crossed ocean desert mansa musa north niani king caravan north dry plain called steppe trees grow steppe short grass rain falls land edge desert north caravan moved night hot sun cold stars sahara sky desert air dry clear hard ground sand reflect hot sun sun goes earth heat quickly strong winds blow nights bitter cold rain falls desert rain comes swift short storm ground hard dry grows plants hold water floods rush dry stream beds called wadis rain storm moves wadis dry rain water slowly seeps underground oasis ground hard dry large oasis water dry date palms grow desert say date palm feet water head fire roots find water high branches bake sun large oases date palms grow build houses sun dried brick mud
island manhattan part york city island solid rock island high skyscrapers city manhattan parts york city brooklyn queens bronx staten island parts city york york edge atlantic ocean ships sail york atlantic ports york water harbor york fine places ships dock hudson river ships dock east river ships dock ships dock piers brooklyn york water hudson river barges flatboats ships carrying products land west york river goods build city york water ships harbor buy goods bring ships sail goods sell port goods brought give goods ship ago canal helped york port mohawk valley open door lakes door timber michigan pass port york door coal cattle animal hides corn illinois iowa kansas nebraska shipped york
city tell place tall buildings squeezed tightly stand sidewalk look tops skyscrapers tall tops lost clouds ago busiest place city today looked blacksmith shop stood today garage walked pass post office general store drugstore windy days hanging signs creaked small banks hotels shops believe living ago grandparents children pretend going visit ago hard takes half farm ride wagon rich ride downtown fancy rig pulled high stepping horses poor walk shop kinds things find home buy hat factory wear knitted hat buy newspaper shiny boots salt dinner table exciting place lived farm village
remember pretended ago grandparents children pretend walking today early morning quiet morning sounds hear home sun slants tall buildings walk side street sun lights store fronts cross side skyscrapers stand shadows difference walk noon jostle crowded sidewalks shoes click click click cars honking trucks fill streets signs light snap light snap inside buildings buzzing clacking hurrying noises hard pretend sunset lights pop windows sky blazes squares light soon lights begin offices stores leaving apartments parts central city leaving homes suburbs midnight dark nearly empty night watchman whistles tune policeman footsteps echo quiet air street cleaning truck tall buildings shop eat restaurants plays
atlantic ocean faraway mountains piedmont georgia piedmont wide table plateau hard rock rich farmlands lie top hard rock soils washed mountains thousands hard rock ends suddenly eastern southern edges piedmont place wide table hard rock ends called fall line rivers coming sharp drop turn waterfalls rapids falling water electric power factories rich farmlands falling water power place cities grow atlanta georgia fall line cities north east atlanta tiny town cornelia short winters summers rich soil washed mountains piedmont mean farming cornelia farmers raise hogs grow corn cotton tobacco peanuts pecans fruits vegetables goods atlanta sell cornelia atlanta westward ho georgia travel west plains biggest plain north america stretches miles gulf mexico arctic ocean north pole omaha nebraska city plains land omaha flat flat flat railroad tracks highways run smooth straight nebraska eat tv dinner omaha makes ships tv dinners city
hawaii newest lies islands blue pacific volcanoes formed islands volcano mountains grew higher higher ocean lava bursting volcanoes grew hard mountains shaped upside ice cream cones upside ice cream cone mountains burst open volcanoes spit lava lava formed mountains millions going island oahu largest city hawaii honolulu airplanes ships bring thousands visitors honolulu oahu rock fruits vegetables grow small part island pineapple fruits pineapple fields honolulu hinterland towns pineapple fields factory fields pineapple canned juice fruit juice honolulu shipped cities start part trip north arctic circle nome alaska city arctic circle modern city cars trucks move highways built deep swamps fast rivers high mountains small seaplanes fly city lakes planes carry mail food medicine
henry ford small boy liked teach things worked meant trouble don let henry toy brothers sisters birthday henry watch sat took put henry ford taught watch worked henry looked high low broken watches clocks fixed hands neighbor joked henry clocks started shake henry house clocks knew fixit open poke inside henry ford born horses buggies cars buses horses buggies henry father hitched team horses wagon drove plank road detroit road henry saw farm machine chugging going road farm farm power machine steam engine father stop wagon henry jumped popped questions turn power thing henry ford teaching machine henry detroit days detroit twenty miles streetcar line horses pulled streetcars henry rode streetcars
study cities live think city problems fix love cities love cities crowded noise worse complain trash smog love cities anyway notice cities grow grow problems getting worse spots stay spots don city fine anyway smog bad smog hear say city worse slums city say city planners closer look cities problems look parts city city planners study cities grow try find cities grow fast grow slowly ugly dangerous spots cities beautiful interesting places city planners ways city planners start scratch plan cities want cities need want cities look beautiful city planners study cities built ago grew tear parts cities build houses offices parks spaces
called wicks oklahoma city later wrote story happened thousands lined oklahoma border ready wild rush land wicks noon cannons boomed shots rang rushed land ran oklahoma city oklahoma city land marked lots raced looking lot wicks mixed acted stray sheep race wicks wrote family found lot liked hurried drive stakes rushed put tents improve land night jump claim jump claim means steal land found wicks found corner lot drove stakes threw blankets cot staked ground wicks improved land claim night wicks trouble sleeping shouting morning fine settlers worked hard tents cabins live city built hundred days lots planned missing city oklahoma city planned city plan center philadelphia stands statue william penn quaker hat
president george washington rode horse look land potomac river nation going build special capital city president washington wanted pick place middle october end october rode potomac river looking land hard choose place put nation capital george washington talked thomas jefferson problem talked congressmen spot chosen washington soon planned washington planned special city place biggest city planned united states place exciting end dream nation rule place start dream united states rich happy nation fourth place leaders washington jefferson helped plan city place planned famous city planner france washington finally built stood model cities ideas cities copied parts fine capital city washington grew parts ugly crowded look dream washington jefferson planners builders took trying washington beautiful planners dreamed
snarl beard small eyes regarded rainsford don alarmed rainsford smile hoped disarming robber fell yacht rainsford york city menacing look eyes change revolver pointed rigidly giant statue gave sign understood rainsford words heard dressed uniform black uniform trimmed gray astrakhan rainsford york rainsford began fell yacht hungry answer raise thumb hammer revolver rainsford saw free hand forehead military salute saw click heels stand attention coming broad marble steps erect slender evening clothes advanced rainsford held hand cultivated voice marked slight accent gave added precision deliberateness pleasure honor welcome rainsford celebrated hunter home automatically rainsford shook hand read book hunting snow leopards tibet explained general rainsford impression singularly handsome original bizarre quality general face
mrs bethune spent hours scouring dump heap town looking pieces lumber broken furniture lamps cracked mirrors knocked doors white houses begging pennies nails gave money let cart chipped dishes torn linens extra pots cleaned mended mrs bethune repaired furnished cottage bits pieces later lay awake nights turn peach baskets chairs laughed makeshifts members race called goes beggar white folks gave leftovers rid mrs bethune burned logs carefully collected charred splinters pencils passed hen house stopping collect feathers pens ink squeezing elderberries turned packing case desk decorated bit printed cretonne part training salvage reconstruct bricks straw remarkable mrs bethune manage entirely cash found earn money friend kitchen bake batches sweet potato pies took fragrant hot pies construction camps sold slice girls help mrs bethune gathered moss live oak trees stuffed sacks mattresses
stood ground fired arrows fast carefully killed true tales bears killing dead woman bear yelled pain fury batted arrows deep flesh bit coming shoots thing late run grizzly fought arrows especially left eye leaped strength sank steel knife throat heavy fur hide grandmother whirlwind clambered bear groped swiped wondered wondered screaming wondered going die whirlwind lying helpless calf leg torn screamed louder saw blood running face blood cried baby run commanding voice thought cradled baby arm ran camp howling help stumbling yells heard horseback lashed ponies met seized squalling baby pulled shoots pony
put cropped head violetta heaving flank wept storm induced fear losing companion subsided knew help violetta earth appeal registered plan violetta crypt beneath lower church basilica st francis rested remains saint dearly loved god creations including feathered footed brothers sisters served beg st francis heal doubt saint saw violetta things knew father talking st francis living person encountered frayed cowl bound hemp cord middle merely turning corner main square walking narrow cobbled streets precedent friend son niccolo sick kitten crypt asked st francis heal cat half anyway hind legs dragged died felt violetta die end considerable difficulty persuaded sick shaky donkey rise urgings caresses minimum stick drove crooked streets hill basilica st francis
sea exploded face frenzy spray horned thing shot huge bat water saw mesh net etched mottled blackness body knew split thought twin swirls wing tips giant ray gulf coast manta known clam cracker devil ray sea devil gave hoarse cry tried claw wrist quarter inch line snapped taut shot side skiff roped runaway locomotive hit water headfirst bounce plowed blinding furrow ten yards line slack sea devil jumped full grown manta deep gulf close feet tip tip weighed thousand pounds air pearl colored underbelly gleaming twisted frantic effort dislodge clinging thing fallen starlight monstrous survival dawn water feet deep sobbing choking struggled foothold slimy bottom sucking gulps air fought free rope
budd retreated shop collecting materials quicker detective book observed thumbnail tooth put run give alarm beard wet soapy face buried towel dabbed lather eyes possibly commit murder run street eyes full soap budd took bottle shook head put shelf late bold course open razor quietly unsuspecting say firm loud convincing voice william strickland put hands mercy stand till gun walk straight nearest policeman surely position sherlock holmes budd returned requirements borne stuff hunters seriously attempt coming held razor throat put hands merely catch wrists razor greatly budd feared customer unarmed felt perfect crescendo madness put razor hands
monday night parent teachers meeting fact baby cold going wanted passionately meet charles mother tuesday laurie remarked suddenly teacher friend school today charles mother husband asked simultaneously naaah laurie scornfully exercises touch toes look climbed chair squatted touched toes solemnly chair picking fork charles didn exercises fine heartily didn charles want exercises naaah laurie charles fresh teacher friend wasn let exercises fresh kicked teacher friend laurie teacher friend told charles touch toes charles kicked going charles suppose laurie father asked laurie shrugged elaborately throw school guess wednesday thursday routine charles yelled story hour hit boy stomach cry friday charles stayed school children week kindergarten charles institution family baby charles cried afternoon laurie charles filled wagon full mud pulled kitchen husband caught elbow telephone cord pulled telephone ashtray bowl flowers table minute looks charles
lessons continued days weeks slowly surely lady learned chores learned smelled birds stop stand skeeter flushed quiver shot teaching fetch easy teaching retrieve dead birds damaging matter lady hard mouth sank teeth birds skeeter oldest hunting tricks backwoods break stick wrapped wire taught dog fetch lady bite hard stick wire hurt sensitive mouth soon developed habit carrying stick tongue supporting lightly teeth skeeter tied quail feathers stick soon lady education complete skeeter led jesse field turned dog loose flashed point immediately funny point jesse laughed dog curved tail poked front legs sort squatted nose pointing birds forty yards remained rigid boy flushed shot leaped seeking fetching dead birds jesse mighty proud skeets looks bird hunter yes sir skeeter job pointed kindling pile swamp dressing winter cash watson drove give big boy workout wild brush
descend heard voice distance hallooing rip van winkle rip van winkle looked round crow winging solitary flight mountain thought fancy deceived turned descend heard cry ring evening air rip van winkle rip van winkle wolf bristled giving low growl skulked master side looking fearfully glen rip felt vague apprehension stealing looked anxiously direction perceived strange figure slowly toiling rocks bending weight carried surprised human lonely place supposing neighborhood need assistance hastened yield nearer approach surprised singularity stranger appearance short square built fellow thick bushy hair grizzled beard dress antique dutch fashion cloth strapped round waist pair breeches outer ample volume decorated rows buttons sides bunches knees bore shoulder stout keg full liquor signs rip approach assist load shy distrustful acquaintance rip complied usual alacrity mutually relieving clambered narrow gully apparently dry bed mountain torrent
important senses think comes senses examples getting information senses seeing hearing tasting smelling feeling look eyes help things close eyes listen carefully ears help hear things nose helps smell things eat tongue helps taste food mouth touches able feel touched nerves skin nerves skin warn hot senses duty sleep hear thunder smell cooking kitchen finding senses hear smell taste feel think wonder imagine thinking wondering imagining senses person things senses senses think wonder imagine course term includes scientists scientists main difference scientists observe try observe event sure observed correctly
scientists interested finding matter present object amount matter measured volume measure amount matter object space amount matter takes change large volume air squeezed small space solids expand contract heated cooled examples volume size amount matter change ago known volume measure amount matter found measure amounts matter depend volume ancient egyptian tomb possibly scientists found small equal arm balance figure balance bar carved stone bar small carefully stones scientists think balance carefully measuring amounts gold dust gold nuggets goldsmiths knew balance find gold pile gold dust odd shaped nugget balance works bar hung loop middle bar bar arms equal length side hanging arm bar level hanging object arm bar slant
class heard air water certainly air water common forms matter able give scientific definition kinds matter idea air water study section expected learn lot technical data air water air water common observed times making scientific study learned ways air water behave surprised water water dries puddles rainwater street dry rain stops dry quickly remain wondered puddles dry quickly slowly water dries list examples water drying scientist term evaporate dry list begin realize things affect fast water dries observed water drying times situation observed happening drying wet clothes swimming pool suit dry faster windy calm
number electrons kind atom hydrogen atom electron oxygen atom electrons atoms electrons moving rapidly nucleus size nucleus small compared size atom fact nucleus size basketball atom twelve blocks center nucleus scientists agree space nucleus atom empty space empty thought part atom atom shape scientists believe electrons constantly moving space nucleus fact electrons moving fast space electron cloud term electron cloud refer space filled electrons space electrons move hydrogen atom electron electron cloud electron moves rapidly fills space studying matter scientists found kind atom number protons number protons atom called atomic number atom atoms element found earth atomic numbers ranging hydrogen atoms ninety uranium atoms
accepted theory agree explain observed change temperature change volume piece matter adding removing heat phase matter observed explained kinetic theory scientists believe gas phase molecules moving fast molecules move fast bump knock liquid phase molecules move slower moving slower molecules held closer force holds molecules substance called cohesion molecules matter solid phase move slower molecules kind matter liquid phase cohesion holds molecules solid close fact scientists believe molecules held close molecules move place solid matter molecules thought move small amount space piece copper wire held candle flame wire expands according kinetic theory molecules gain energy move faster molecules move faster bump harder bumping pushes molecules farther matter expands piece matter cooler molecules matter lose energy
oil grease thousands ago oil grease wheels turn easily jars baskets coated oil grease waterproof kinds oil cooking food oil burned lamps light kinds oil grease ago obtained animal fats obtained parts plants kind oil found bubbling ground places oil black smelly oil found coming cracks rock known petroleum petroleum means rock oil ago petroleum thought valuable oils animals plants passed oil needed amount oil grease animals plants found ways change petroleum oil grease purposes oil grease petroleum oil grease animals plants oil grease cooking animals plants cooking food oil grease petroleum sick kill petroleum important source oil grease soon amount petroleum found surface earth small meet need oil grease
suppose wanted move book lying table ways push book tie string book pull lifting book move think ways move book matter book moved kind push pull force act book move friction things book table rub friction force tends book moving book move force acting book greater forces keeping book moving forces acting book unbalanced ago sir isaac newton wrote ideas motion ideas explaining motion today called laws motion reading laws help gain understanding things move ways law motion deals force needed change motion object law states object rest moving tends stay rest object moving tends moving tends moving straight line speed
enjoy sport called skydiving sport jump plane hundreds meters ground fall minute opening parachute skydivers accelerating fall speed meters miles hour end minute speed reached falling ten seconds terminal speed meters miles hour reached skydivers reach terminal speed longer accelerate fall fall constant speed skydivers fall faster meters reason air air force act skydivers force called air resistance held hand window moving car felt force caused air moving object tried speeds noticed faster car harder air push hand pushed hand direction opposite direction moving faster skydivers fall greater air resistance point fall skydivers air resistance balances force gravity point skydivers longer speed stop falling stop speeding
engine invented ago engines caused live worse think think ways engines helpful today help engines kinds chemicals farmer grow food farmer ago animals help important number living today keeps increasing engines ship goods farther faster shipped engines places faster comfortably engines invented engines electricity engines factories easier engine driven machines large amount goods short things cost person hand tools read effects engines bad effects engines engines kinds pollution exhaust gases chemicals found chemicals getting air air pollution engine exhausts major problem large cities engines found limited area
volta showed frog legs needed electricity metals salt water needed electricity electricity formed metals touched electricity called contact electricity idea chemical cell device electricity flow period device pile disks disks zinc silver paper arranged shown figure paper disks wet salt water disks piled top device called pile later pile side pan salt water paper disks dry moisture pile electricity today word pile cell common term chemical cell metals called electrodes liquid paste called electrolyte liquid paste conductor electricity shown frog legs order electricity discovery chemical cell known scientists tried find learned metals electricity strips lead copper acid produced electricity strips zinc copper acid produced electricity
wondered electric wires home covered insulation reason person touching uncovered wire shock shock felt electricity goes person shocked touched electric appliance radio taking bath electric appliance connected wiring home electricity wiring touch appliance wet electricity flow wet hand body water pipes ground shocked dangerous course electric shocks dangerous shocked times remember walking rug getting shock touched metal object kind shock surprised certainly dangerous lot electricity flows body shock dangerous danger strong electric shock person muscles tight shock strong muscles tight person control able move electricity causing shock electricity stop beating person heart shocked reason wires carry electricity covered insulation
think waves think water waves waves mind study water waves water waves transverse waves mind characteristics water waves hold true kinds waves sound waves light waves study water waves tank waves tank called ripple tank ripples small waves tank control things affect water waves figure ripple tank look waves directly piece white paper tabletop floor beneath tank clear light bulb hung tank light shines water white paper water paper evenly lighted waves tank paper evenly lighted pattern light dark places seen paper pattern light dark places makes easy study waves ripples move tank ways waves behave studied looking single waves happens finger dipped water ripple tank finger pushes water making trough touches water
satellites satellites objects travel object moon natural satellite earth takes month moon travel earth satellites natural satellites artificial satellites satellites traveling earth path satellite follows travels called orbit depending characteristics orbit artificial satellite remain orbit amount orbit satellite high earth speed satellite stay orbit hundreds imagine tall mountain earth imagine objects shot horizontally top mountain objects shot speeds path figure objects paths speed satellites objects fall earth speed object path speed object falls path matches curvature earth object falls hit earth object satellite round orbit object path greater speed path result satellite oval shaped orbit think satellite path
air important part environment fact depends air breathe air body oxygen need look things looking air move moving air clean air air clean air dirty polluted seen smoke coming chimney seen smoke coming automobile tail pipe smelled things smoke seen smelled belong smoke called pollutant smoke burning fuels air cleaner fuels burned warm homes winter electricity light homes offices schools factories able automobiles buses trains planes going places clean air want question think scientists working ways clean air giving benefit knowing air pollution ways controlling air pollutants smell air pollution results burning think examples burning
heard deal computers heard things computer answer question say computer electronic device things design parts answer think computer electronic device piece machinery electricity design computers add subtract multiply divide quickly calculators large computers able calculations computers meaningful group numbers words charts symbols numbers words charts symbols computers called data term data processing refers ways computer quickly handle numbers complicated ideas amounts information computer electric energy electric motors light bulbs radios tv sets electric motors light bulbs called electric devices electric current devices flows wire radios tv sets computers electronic devices electronic devices electricity wire part current moves electron tubes transistors characteristics electronic devices think forerunners today computer ago pascal built device wheels geared add subtract
asked asked asked mean say mean helps healthy call helps healthy call health practice pictures page health practices health practices health practices help healthy reading discover answer question health practices help stay health practices pictures page help stay staying health practices help stay health practices help grow health practices helping grow think think getting plenty exercise exercise means muscles helps muscles larger kinds exercise games walking running ideas exercise begin page book enjoy reading enjoy health practices help grow enjoy reading book
reading health practices help learn learn health practices learn help ways learn health practices help ways help ways means need health practices order healthy possibly health practices need find reading health practices need grow need health practices present health practices present health practices formed help grown ups helped form grown ups care children want children care healthy suppose children want healthy things healthy grown ups things families grown ups children wash hands eating brush teeth brushing needed bed sleep
happy happy part healthy happy helps enjoy happy mean think means ways need ways things help happy thing knowing knowing knowing strong points weak points exactly course parents brother sister exactly look look shape face shape mouth color hair looks exactly looks parents look exactly parents possibly look exactly parents true parents look matter fact look exactly parents
grow answers question answer yes grow alike ways answer grow differently ways grow alike answer question think babies suppose looked pictures babies age babies age alike suppose looked pictures children children look babies look children age ways think classmates boys look boys age girls look girls age means kinds grow means order grow fast grow slowly teen age growing fast later slows finally growing body height stops happens twenty growing ways live read growing order
accidents happen kinds accidents happen happen discover answers questions read pages accidents happen home kinds accidents happen kind accident happens home falling fall stairs fall climbing fall slippery floors sidewalks fall bathtubs falls bruises scratches falls broken bones hurt falling fires kind accident happens home fires dangerous reasons burns deal smoke heavy smoke pass death think fires started kind accident happens homes poisoning poison accidents kind medicine medicine wonderful thing wrong kind medicine dangerous kind medicine person harm medicine dangerous amount medicine person things medicine suppose poisoning electric shocks kind accident happens homes shocks happen handle things electricity shocks painful dangerous
help prevent poisoning careful taking medicine medicine grown family put medicine taking put younger children help prevent electric shocks sure hands feet dry touch electricity wet hands feet easier shocked put electricity bathtub shower sink water carry electricity water carry electricity death touch electricity metal metals carry electricity think ways prevent electric shocks help prevent accidents tools learn tools correctly show correct tool generally safe knife tool knife cut knife kitchen cutting board put thing cut cutting board cut downward board practices tools safely kinds accidents prevent home help prevent falls fires poisoning electric shocks
body defenses diseases protect body germs diseases defenses body defenses diseases skin skin helps stop germs entering body answer question skin skin layers cells picture page shows things skin layers cells skin help stop germs entering body suppose cut germs inside cut blood vessels skin cut cut bleed bleeding wash germs cut later blood form scab cut scab stop germs entering body blood vessels cut germs blood spread body blood main kinds cells red blood cells white blood cells white blood cells kill germs kill germs blood picture page white blood cell looks describe white blood cells kill germs
eat reasons reason enjoy eating suppose enjoy eating walked kitchen liked eat cooked smell look chances smelled looked tasted foods look smell taste enjoy eating taste foods taste foods taste foods eating family foods family eat depend things depend part country live depend lived past depend parents family born lived enjoy trying foods eating want try look smell fun try eating foods tried eating foods lately foods tried smell taste food reason enjoy eating eat family friends talk eat
fruits vegetables things need health fruits rich carbohydrates vegetables fruits vegetables rich vitamins minerals vitamins minerals kinds vitamins minerals foods fruit vegetable group pictured page fruits vegetables foods eaten lately foods bread cereal group grains wheat oats corn grains rice rye barley foods grains rich carbohydrates vitamins minerals foods bread cereal group pictured page eat need foods food groups foods food groups read food groups eat foods group eating practice helps things need foods health practice sure eating foods food group plan meals family help plan foods meal listed chart foods listed meal eating practice learn foods
ill help stay help stay things help stay health aids health aids things help healthy kinds kind health aid health information facts ideas health health information helps form health practices helps hurt ill kind health aid health products things help healthy medicines health products toothbrushes soaps kind health aid health services things help healthy doctors health services things steps making health aids think step making health aids find think kinds health aids home kind health information books health home books hold health information grown ups home things health things health information
step making health aids choose wisely likely grown ups choose health aids change grow choose health aids maybe choose health aids likely choose kinds kind health information kind health products health information find correct wrong correct health information help healthy important choose health information correct health information doctors nurses nearly correct doctors nurses deal health true health teachers health information correct health information likely correct choosing health products wisely important health choose wisely things choose health products need products help healthy choosing waste money money needed things choose health products wisely buy health products job helping healthy buy need health products health products choose
health products wisely things health product need buy health products need try save money things bad mistake health products need ill ill getting cured costly cost money saved buying health products course health product need wasting money health products correctly help healthy ways ways health products correctly health services wisely things health services ill tell help tell sooner treated sooner sooner illness cured harm try doctor signs diseases signs doctor tell treat wrong disease getting worse doctor knows treat diseases
target ball throwing game fun ages play indoors need rubber ball size baseball softball play outdoors rubber ball softball baseball throwing ball important baseball softball skill number players play target ball set target wall target square round target look pictured page draw line floor ground twenty feet target players turns standing line throwing ball target player throws player scores points spaces hits target number turns throwing player points wins game throw run throwing running game boys girls enjoy play need softball rubber ball size softball baseball throwing ball running important baseball softball skills ball need field shaped softball field need home plate base base sixty feet home plate field home plate base shown page lines running left home plate foul lines
stunts age exercises active games health stunts help muscles larger stronger help loosen muscles stunts help learn body ways stunts fun beginning page read stunts learn jump reach stunt jumping stand facing wall feet flat floor raise hands upward piece chalk mark height reach turn sideways wall jump high place chalk mark height jump yardstick ruler measure space marks wall show high jumped try jump higher jump triangle stunt need person floor hands knees person stands person floor raises leg person standing grabs foot places shoulder person floor raises left leg places left foot left shoulder person walk person front walk hands person walking upright
debbie schwartz home phone rang debbie ran phone hi debbie yes debbie mother home debbie asked answered debbie give message asked sure debbie ask borrow large electric coffee pot mean okay tell debbie hung phone hour later debbie mother home put groceries gathered things shopping bag headed door half hour told debbie giving party tonight taking extra cups saucers spoons called need coffee debbie coffee don large coffee pot electric think answered debbie wish known sooner mrs schwartz mind stop market buy think mrs schwartz arrived coffee coffee pot mistakes debbie afternoon think answered telephone correctly polite deliver message properly explain list rules remember taking delivering messages list times deliver message
notice greetings introductions story melissa sat steps apartment building waited pet store open wanted look baby mice hi melissa called turned saw eric standing top steps talking moved building morning upstairs meet morning eric opened door apartment dr melissa thomas hello melissa dr dr melissa melissa lives apartment added eric complain noise dr winked looked packing crates filled room afraid hearing bumps thuds settled melissa melissa laughed haven heard sound boy corner room hi melissa steve hi melissa melissa crazy animals steve eric let introduce petunia steve pulled pocket large cinnamon colored hamster looking food remember packed appetite pet store end block open melissa
trouble talking friends don think say times hard start conversation decide talk depend talking study examples notice situation subject introduced situation soccer practice paul meets walks craig shy team member paul miss game yesterday happened situation luisa entertaining visitor waiting parents luisa exhibit working science fair finishing situation kind answer paul question call paul pick topic thought craig talk question starting conversation think compare paul question soccer team question answered yes ask question requires yes answer situation things luisa thought started conversation think ways visitor follow opening remarks voice show enthusiasm create interest say read sentences aloud voice makes listener want
spend large part expressing forming sentences sentences express ideas clearly completely word groups examples sentences expresses complete meaning sound finished read sentences aloud dolphins members whale family mammals live sea dolphins intelligent dolphin danger rush help dolphins squeaking whistling sounds scientists trying find sounds mean notice read aloud voice helped show sentences ended writing give clue voice ways showing beginning end sentence read groups words sound finished hear difference word groups sentences write description seen eyes open describe eyes closed listen music try feel mood list things feelings music suggests sad merry quiet busy eerie soothing suggest creatures animals dancers clowns suggest settings rodeo circus lake busy street lonely room ago
language kinds words jobs chapter learn nouns read passage beginning book called mrs frisby rats nimh robert mrs frisby field mouse mrs frisby family especially lucky house slightly damaged cinder block hollow kind oval holes lay side solid parts block formed roof floor waterproof hollows spacious rooms lined bits leaves grass cloth cotton fluff feathers soft things mrs frisby children collected house stayed dry warm comfortable winter tunnel surface earth garden dug slightly larger mouse slightly smaller cat provided access air fair amount light living room bedroom formed oval warm dark midday short tunnel earth block connected rooms wondered read passage page mrs frisby home author satisfied curiosity naming features words named things nouns nouns passage written italics noun word names paragraph mrs frisby
surnames originated nicknames nicknames appearance habit kind manner kind surname ancestors lived hundreds ago special characteristic surname implies person brown hair chosen brown surname known kind neighborly noble goodman person known wisdom pass surname wise descendants occupation easy distinguish person barber named edwin found business add trade edwin barber edwin barber names carpenter stewart smith developed suffixes meaning er women added occupational names names hunter sawyer tanner webster baker surnames location home residents village village surname newcomers identified place live alfred lived shallow place river called alfred crossing place alfred lived field called alfred greenfield catherine lived hill called catherine catherine lived church called catherine church
paragraph signals start topic sentences paragraph topic sentence topic sentence give reader fairly idea paragraph reporter wrote digging past topic sentences let study paragraphs article read paragraphs vikings pirates lived norway sweden denmark attacked ships sea raided coastline northern europe vikings strongholds ships discovered ago fishermen nets caught wrecks scientists skin diving equipment pinpoint exact location sunken fleet look sentence paragraph facts expect learn paragraph read sentence read rest paragraph find expectations sentence topic sentence sentence paragraph tell expect paragraph topic sentence suppose report science class oysters pearls look quickly book find facts wanted paragraph began topic sentence help search topic sentence reader idea paragraph
verbs sentences happy mrs roberts genius late wrong boys foolish craig diane leaders late subjects sentences subjects person person subjects person thing called singular subjects look verbs sentences verbs singular subjects sentences subject subject refer person boys refer person case subject subjects sentences subjects person person subjects person thing called plural subjects verbs plural subjects list help remember verbs singular plural subjects subject sentence follow verbs read sentences book report fourteen girls class rides games fair package table words subjects sentence
ways learn studying searching information books magazines newspapers satisfy curiosity subject develop interest beginning school think main things accomplish science experiment committee report spelling lesson study list assignment add list assignments assignment requires reading writing sit straight chair table desk sure lighting equipment hand sharpened pencils pens paper eraser ruler need subjects study radios tv families distracting study quickly try study quiet room library assignments study chores manage personal hints study habits list chart benefit table contents comes beginning book names chapter titles page numbers chapter begins books find listed chapter title important subjects chapter index comes end book locating special piece information
meaning word look dictionary dictionary methods add understanding word find examples methods sample dictionary page dictionary explains words single word definition means thing kind word called synonym find synonym word gory dictionary longer phrases explanation read aloud explanation word gourd dictionary word sentence phrase show meaning read definition sample phrase gouge words dictionary meaning look word defined meaning sure choose meaning fits sentence word look italicized words sentences definition open choose fit sentence word speech meaning pronounce word find accent syllables sounded syllables receive stress pronunciation shown accent marks dictionaries find pronunciation shown parentheses entry word accent mark shown stressed syllable inside parentheses
cities jacksonville florida columbus ohio pocahontas arkansas common named important figures american history honored place names lincoln nebraska washington raleigh north carolina jefferson city missouri united states elizabeth city elizabethtown lafayette full lafayette louisiana shortened fayetteville north carolina daniel boone kit carson buffalo bill cody responsible names missouri carson city nevada cody wyoming states named match states column letters written need commas meaning sentences clear read sentence woke dog wasn sentence reader likely group words woke dog reading discover sentence sense backing reader start sentence group words woke sentence meaning comma reading unnecessary served guide showing reader group words woke dog wasn
starfish pigeons maple trees grasshoppers alive living thing complete living thing called organism person organism animal plant organism organisms special features alive organisms beginning end lives lives grow mature age organism die period birth death organism called span insects span hours cottontail rabbits live average span american male sixty american women tend live longer average span seventy organisms grow increase size change form shape young male deer grows neck thicker grows antlers young organisms grow reach adult stage begin occur organism slowly age adult dog grows older eyesight poorer gray hair grows muzzle occur organisms living things reproduce organisms produce organisms process reproduction needed earth end death organisms living kind organism method producing kind
science study organisms scientific methods methods involve solving problems science problem question scientist seeks answer solving problems finding answers questions scientists discover facts ideas organisms answer problem science creates problems questions scientists facts living things continue discovered scientists scientific methods steps scientists find answers questions problem solving steps methods scientists problem solving step step process scientists creative solve problems ways imagination skill luck hard smart guesses part scientific problem solving steps solving problem science clear statement problem question collect information problem facts ideas obtained books journals scientists kinds information stored tape film form hypothesis hypothesis proposed solution problem prediction guess based known facts test hypothesis hypothesis tested making observations observation learn senses observe things seeing hearing touching smelling tasting methods science find cure disease
organisms cells idea called cell theory cell basic unit structure function organism cells compared bricks build walls buildings means cell basic building block activities place cells tiny seen microscope organism cell protists celled organisms body millions cells cell place organism alive robert hooke english scientist saw cells simple microscope cells thin piece cork cork comes plant cork hooke saw tiny boxlike holes hole surrounded wall cells hooke saw dead remains cells alive microscope study cells microscope invented anton van leeuwenhoek dutch scientist leeuwenhoek person microbes draw pictures microbe observed organism order microscope microscope properly important learn part need function location part procedures microscope carry microscope hands hold arm hand place hand beneath base
mammals produce offspring sexual reproduction eggs produced ovaries female mammals sperms produced testes males eggs sperms combine form zygotes unlike frogs fertilization occurs inside female mammal body metamorphosis mammals frogs differences reproduction mammal species organs reproductive organs female mammal ovaries oviducts uterus vagina uterus sac shaped muscular organ main reproductive organ zygote grows produce offspring uterus oviducts tubes lead uterus ovaries series called estrous cycle occur female mammal estrous cycle repeated female reproductive cycle uterus prepared reproduction uterus develops thick lining rich blood supply egg released ovary oviduct part cycle estrous estrous female animal mate male produce offspring mating sperms deposited female vagina vagina canal leads uterus sperms swim fluid vagina uterus oviducts egg sperm meet oviduct fertilization occurs egg fertilized shortly released ovary die sperm fertilizes egg
organism reacts responds environment thirsty animal drink finds water birds fly south winter comes males females mate produce offspring organism behavior moving resting fighting hunting eating examples animal behavior environment behavior called stimulus food odors sounds light heat gravity water stimulus organism reacts stimulus response simple responses move animal move shade sun hot major types behavior type behavior inborn inborn behavior means behavior inherited parents organism responds naturally stimulus instance crying baby inborn behavior type behavior acquired acquired behavior learned acquired behavior dog lying command dog learned behavior training type inborn behavior simple animals called taxis taxis simple response stimulus flatworms move underside leaves rocks light fish respond flow stream swimming current reflex act inborn behavior animals central nervous system behavior automatic response stimulus
makes plant animal plants parts green plants move animals plants food need obtain food eating plants animals species plants special features plants absorb water roots plants tubelike structures move water roots stem leaves plants structures called vascular plants ferns pine trees rose bushes tomato plants examples vascular plants plants true roots stems leaves plants tubelike structures needed move water called nonvascular plants mosses liverworts belong group plants animal kingdom plant kingdom divided phyla phylum divided classes species plants classified phylum table shows major phyla plant kingdom vascular plants belong tracheophyta phylum nonvascular plants belong bryophyta phylum marchantia liverwort plant dull green branched ribbon shape small grows flat close ground stage marchantia produces tiny umbrella shaped parts parts produce special cells called spores reproduce plant person find marchantia growing plant found growing moist shady areas floor forest marchantia grown terrarium
bacteria found deep oceans high atmosphere cover skin present air breathe bacteria harmful fact live intestine blood causing harm growth bacteria means increase number caused cell division bacteria increase number form colonies bacteria need order grow bacteria need oxygen warmth food water species live temperatures freezing live temperatures bacteria grow absence oxygen conditions bacteria grow survive bacteria survive forming compact cell wall protects cell wall shields bacterium harmful conditions survive dryness high low temperatures harmful chemicals survive dryness survive boiling frozen ice snow survive conditions return normal develops bacterium bacterium grow reproduce order study bacteria grown special food temperatures growing organism special food material called culturing organism food material growing organism called culture bacteria cultured studied scientists special food material culturing microbes called medium
algae celled organisms similar plants chlorophyll food species algae celled places algae found live soil rocks plants animals found oceans lakes ponds rivers streams algae exist north south poles equator red snow falls places snow algae red substance algae masks chlorophyll algae grow hot springs temperatures high algae lakes ponds die wastes minerals substances dumped rivers ponds lakes algae nutrients substances nutrients plentiful algae grow rapidly algae minerals oxygen water result water dies algae plentiful ocean waters sunlight present plankton basic food supply oceans species celled algae diatoms celled algae hard cell walls diatom halves fit dish cover diatoms known wide variety shapes beautiful designs protococcus type algae forms green coating tree trunks objects protococcus small millions cover square centimeters cell shape sphere cell wall cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus
theory microbes diseases presented robert koch german physician koch showed bacteria disease called anthrax farm animals discovered bacteria tuberculosis koch developed set steps proving disease caused microbe set steps known koch postulates postulate word principle koch postulates prove microbe disease microbe believed disease present person disease occurs streptococcus bacteria present throat person strep throat infection microbe believed disease isolated host grown pure cultures pure culture species streptococcus bacteria removed person throat grown pure culture laboratory injected healthy individuals microbes pure culture produce disease injection streptococci pure culture healthy person produces strep throat infection koch postulates illustrate idea effect basis modern medical science simply stated effect medicine means specific disease microbe koch postulates proof disease caused microbe diseases caused disorders cells glands organs
person acts called behavior laughing playing reading crying talking examples behavior behavior stimulus sound light heat stimulate kind behavior person reacts stimulus response person response stimulus sound move jump person behavior controlled regulated nervous system nervous system consists nerve cells run body nerves carry messages brain rest body major centers nervous system brain spinal cord central nervous system central nervous system enclosed protected bone bathed fluid nerves brain spinal cord peripheral nervous system nerves carry messages central nervous system rest body human brain equal total body mass ten billion nerve cells human brain brain major control center body major parts cerebrum cerebellum medulla cerebrum largest part human brain human intelligence due largely highly developed cerebrum cerebrum origin thinking awareness knowing controlled cerebrum cerebrum controls thought memory learning voluntary movements controls sense seeing hearing touching tasting smelling
water feel pets important give water need water water body suffers illness death result percent body water water body break food foods dissolved water absorbed blood sweat glands kidneys waste products dissolved water removed blood sweat urine consist water kidneys release liters water loss sweat skin evaporation helps regulate body temperature foods eat water vegetables fruit high water content obtain water drinking drinking milk juices water produced food broken cells minerals chemical elements needed body vegetables fruits fish meat eggs milk cereals sources minerals milk dairy products sources minerals calcium phosphorus calcium phosphorus needed strong bones teeth minerals needed formation hormones enzymes body substances minerals lacking body functions upset iron needed formation hemoglobin blood lack hemoglobin called anemia caused diet low iron disease
food prepared digestion inside mouth chewing grinds food tiny pieces breaking food tiny pieces increases surface area food increased surface area speeds action digestive enzymes makes digestion rapid aid tongue teeth mix food saliva inside mouth saliva liquid released mouth salivary glands salivary glands connected mouth tiny ducts enter mouth tongue jaw front ear saliva adds water mucus food mucus passage food digestive tract saliva enzyme called ptyalin ptyalin starch sugar gastric glands wall stomach secrete digestive liquid called gastric juice gastric juice dilute hydrochloric acid enzymes begin digestion protein protein digestion occurs rapidly dilute acid neutral solution heartburn caused action acid esophagus acid actually digests stomach wall causing ulcer intestinal juice enzymes digest carbohydrates proteins secreted glands wall small intestine pancreatic juice produced intestine formed pancreas carried small intestine tube pancreatic juice enzymes digest starch fat protein glucose fatty acids glycerin amino acids produced digestion
wildlife refers wild animal plant recent wildlife populations decreasing largely due environment cleared forests plowed grasslands drained swamps dammed streams polluted air practices destroy habitats wildlife unwise hunting practices reduced wildlife populations delicate balance nature upset species wildlife endangered means small numbers species living species easily extinct living members protected extinct means members species living species extinct brought wildlife conserved preserving habitat wildlife aids conservation wildlife refuges areas wildlife habitats protected refuges hunting allowed hunting carefully restricted wildlife refuges owned managed governments special efforts provide water protective cover winter feeding refuge helps assure wild animals survive reproduce planting forests shelter food wildlife wildlife conservation practice set permanent wildlife areas permanent wildlife areas regions untouched civilization camp hike areas roads motor vehicles power lines allowed enter foot horseback landscape wildlife natural protected aim preserve wilderness present future generations enjoy
feed growing population food production increase happen increase amount land crop production irrigating deserts method bringing land crop production soil conservation helps maintain croplands increase food production increase crop yields crop yields increased fertilizers farmlands fertile varieties plants increase crop yields kinds wheat rice developed plants produce grain applications pesticides increase crop yields pesticides limited damage environment wildlife pesticides harm scientists developing biological controls insects biological controls involve helpful organisms control harmful organisms biological controls harm environment wildlife ladybugs biological control eat insects harm plants animal protein amino acids essential human health animal protein scarce parts scarce costly increasing supply animal protein important increasing food supplies fish rich animal protein scientists finding ways increase supply food fish fish farming increasing animal protein japan fish raised pens fed garbage fish farming japan supplies animal protein disposes garbage
say asked discovered america answer columbus columbus group europe america norsemen known vikings norsemen lived norway sweden denmark america lived norway later lived iceland greenland look places map page norsemen big strong full courage loved adventure lived sea expert sailors norsemen built sturdy ships large square sail ship sets oars side rowed crew wind norsemen ships sagas stories norsemen told adventures sagas told passed parents children finally hundreds put writing story leif ericson comes sagas begins greenland leif father eric red norway settle norsemen leif heard exciting news learned voyage journey sea norseman named bjarni voyage bjarni sailed past unknown lands leif wondered unknown lands thought
person want sister bicycle want brother circus want columbus voyage news spread countries europe rulers countries heard columbus sailed east indies close asia columbus sailed flag spain meant spain soon water route trading asia happened spain rich countries wanted trade asia didn want spain columbus voyage named john cabot living england columbus cabot sea captain italy cabot heard columbus thought columbus idea think asia cabot king england majesty england needs trading route asia king nodded cabot continued believe columbus sailed south reach asia sailing northern part atlantic england share riches asia king nodded slowly yes england want trade asia voyage talking expensive majesty replied cabot asking money
noticed curious brother sister asking questions curious try find cabot discovered grand banks europe began satisfied fish home story wanted find jacques cartier french sea captain sailed grand banks fishermen cartier curious lands permission french king sail north america explore hoped find sail continent asia april cartier left france crossed atlantic sailed coasts newfoundland labrador sailed gulf st lawrence coast canada map page shows route cartier landed explore exploring land cross marker ground show claimed land france indians watched silently indians saw chief cartier pointed cross signs say land cartier want trouble told chief cross mark harbor
crispus attucks runaway slave reward offered slaves crispus black part indian part white slaves thought ask want free person tired owned person forever going find leave crispus attucks run master slave caught found job sailor meant colonies crispus sea spent days docks boston known dock square tall strong body quickly won respect dock spoke listened gave orders acted boston troubled city crispus attucks british soldiers boston king watch moves british soldiers upsetting lives colonist boston asking questions watching grew uneasy days passed small fights broke soldiers nearly edge march felt soldiers
raised money help maybe belong club raises money maybe circus money need haym salomon helped american revolution collecting money help soldiers families haym salomon born poland jewish parents growing traveled europe learned languages heard interesting things america free plenty land land opportunity heard wanted america decided haym trip america needed money england find job learned speak english sailed america begin haym landed york city started business keeping eyes ears open began notice america problems england asking colonies pay taxes want pay looked war soon haym american patriot patriot person loves helps country haym told friends fought freedom lost americans fight freedom win help talked haym liked freedom
think things friend school sports art story things printer scientist postmaster statesman benjamin franklin benjamin franklin born boston massachusetts ben ten helped father candles showed interest father business father ben learn print books brother james printshop arrange ben yes soon working brother ben happy learn books read ben brother began disagree ben finally decided leave brother ran philadelphia pennsylvania arrived money clothes hungry ben stopped bakery bought large rolls walked street hear laughing heard girl say look funny looking boy roll arm mouth girl deborah read ben later married ben worked philadelphia finally owner printshop
winter young indian woman husband french trader fort woman sacajawea tribe lived rocky mountains husband charbonneau knew indian languages lewis asked sacajawea husband join expedition big help thought february sacajawea baby lewis began worry exploring expedition place baby thought spring expedition left sacajawea strapped baby soon proved help lewis hoped lewis clark shore suddenly heard shouts river strong wind hit boats started turn valuable instruments papers medicines began fall float lewis heartsick things expedition ruined saw sacajawea baby strapped calmly reaching water papers instruments floated boat picked boat finally brought shore lewis overjoyed sacajawea saved nearly floated expedition closer rocky mountains sacajawea recognized places country cried joyfully shoshoni country sacajawea captured indians
chief dying called young joseph son soon chief whispered land hold bones white eyes land chief sell bones father son sell home united states knew joseph brave struggle save land story read happened joseph leader group nez perce indians lived beautiful valley mountains oregon joseph born nez perce known horses raised large herds valuable appaloosa horses sell trade horses nez perce indians saw white helped lewis clark proud friends white boasted killed white person joseph father sold land worked hard peace treaties agreements white indians treaties white gold discovered indian land united states government told indians leave land idaho reservation land set indians
word freedom mean mean able want mean able want freedom means things story read person felt freedom special nat love slave ten parents lived plantation tennessee nat mother charge kitchen cook father foreman charge group slaves slaves united states freed nat happy family raised corn tobacco nat helped help nat brother supposed pick worms tobacco leaves worms soft squishy thought nat hated touch picked stick soon brother sticks knock worms leaves knocked leaves plants fun ended father saw nat brother sister school school black children father taught read write nat father died
carvers baby named george known carver george carver george sick seldom house stayed susan learned cook crochet wash clean carver george outdoors spent exploring nature collected rocks cared plants carver george understand habits plants susan neighbors started calling plant doctor able nurse plants health carver george wanted school carvers taught wanted town miles carver farm carver george found school black children school home carver george moved town fourteen carver george arrived town moved andrew watkins carver george earned helping watkins clean wash iron changed george carver free person freed slaves george switched ten george carver moved place place town found live exchange shelter food george odd jobs
pilot told ready takeoff sure seat belt fastened seat upright give attention flight attendant show oxygen mask hundreds airplanes thought airplane flight flight orville wright help brother wilbur wilbur orville wright grew mid western part united states boy showed interest machines wilbur orville earned money selling mechanical toys boys father brought home gift boys opened gift delighted find toy helicopter played fly fascinated helicopter wilbur toy broke wilbur helicopters high school orville friend built printing press later printed weekly paper called west side news wilbur interested printing business wrote stories paper later wilbur orville started bicycle business dayton called wright cycle company wrights rented sold bicycles repaired bicycles room shop
look classroom things trees country trees thought trees plentiful cut thoughts john muir gifford pinchot saw number trees worked correct happening lived scotland john born eleven moved united states settled farm wisconsin john muir liked farm enjoyed outdoors exploring nearby creek enjoyed watching birds birds told parents left scotland read bird book john james audubon muir liked things didn farm door locks thermometers waterwheels things early late rising machine favorite thing muir worked clock told week month greatest thing served kind alarm clock machine set desired raise head bed person bed land feet muir older attended college
later harriet underground railroad late twenties decided escape north freedom safest traveled night easy going night dark cloudy couldn north star runaway slaves sure going north felt trunks trees soon felt moss knew north side trees slowly moved tree tree north days stop stations underground railroad safely hidden rest soon dark tell station walk times wagon boat traveling ninety miles harriet walked free pennsylvania arrived sunrise moment stopped watch sun coming trees looked beautiful seen glory thought feel heaven looked hands changed free harriet philadelphia job hotel
told pull imagine put strap shoes tried lift straps able pull means hard help story person helped puerto rico help luis marin wanted puerto rico lift puerto rico belonged spain short war spain united states fighting puerto rico part united states luis born san juan puerto rico part united states short later luis family moved york city luis lived york city washington puerto rico growing school place speak english spanish easily puerto rico american citizens disagreements happen wanted puerto rico united states believed puerto rico free independent country hard puerto rico pay low jobs places roads safe drinking water
martin grew atlanta georgia father minister church king home martin attended church young sang churches martin young played white children started school found things changed martin home upset wrong asked mother bill mother won let play anymore sadly mrs king understood happened white parents didn want children play blacks children started school separate schools whites blacks friends separated mrs king explained martin someday hope happening martin chance reminded feelings black types public places rest rooms marked signs saying white buses signs signs black sit rear bus martin cared blacks treated help thought martin attended morehouse college atlanta decide want study told family want help maybe study doctor lawyer maybe minister martin decided minister
think lot maybe think want look wish wonder friends think wonder think thoughts opposite directions likely want want part group times thoughts deep trying figure count want think things sort feelings special place daydream needs privacy place bothered privacy hard find find privacy front steps apartment house roof bath maybe room choose place privacy allow place share thoughts feelings list things think privately want divide list things finished thinking things want think things want think haven sketch private thinking place lists
responsibility means answer borrow money responsibility pay pay money hurt friend feelings responsibility friend feel apologize find let friend sorry responsibilities baby sit sign newspaper route think responsibility involved destruction property purpose endangered actions think responsibility fun cancel think examples show responsible fun suppose friends planning party decisions party cost party invited things control clean decisions responsible party fun party responsible decisions ahead prove adults growing maybe show surprised find earn things allowed
phil slammed big brakes soon saw girl going bit fast saw late thump squeal brakes took hold stopped car run sitting clutching knee shaking crazy kid yelled don teach school running middle block killed jackie sat shaking blood trickling graze knee couldn words phil knelt heck shouldn shouted upset thought maybe killed let look knee jackie nodded took hands cut bad phil doctor check drive city general hospital jackie jackie okay jackie phil helping soon hospital call folks maybe stick anyway thing fault settled front seat started car re brave kid phil
mary bathtub dried reached deodorant spray dry non sticky smell party mary sprinkled powder head toe tackled hair brushed hunt half dozen cans shelf find favorite hair spray mary hair dressing spray helped getting messed put dress shirt water gurgled bathtub mary noticed ring tub sighed didn rid ring trouble mother later spray cleaner bottom closet took care problem hurry friends arriving soon put dress added bracelet smear lipstick eyeshadow touch perfume fancy spray brother ready downstairs found mother waxing table mary stop fussing minute won mother spray wax shines table automatically place smells mary impatiently don mother air freshener gold colored spray top shelf broom closet
read chapter thought privacy terms need times thought find privacy thought happen privacy number continues grow worldwide population growth rate averaging percent maybe sound rate population double thirty billion parents age billion countries south america africa asia population growth rate percent means populations countries double twenty try imagine happen population town city suddenly doubled schools hospitals homes parks needed additional buildings space open land community begin disappear town need fire fighters police officers protect doctors dentists care amount food water needed eat drink number cars buses needed think population community doubled amount pollution community double countries united states canada low birth rates
jane angry father father going father tell home jane felt mind care decided home school money pay bus ride town friends left home getting stay questions asked jane mad left home planned ahead soon ran money friends lived asking streets money took food things sell broke car drove car dealer car dealer called police jane friends hide jane couldn home couldn call father ask help didn think father help stolen car didn think reasons jane age running maybe looking excitement bored school mistreated home young want hurt punish embarrass families attention running
describing effects drugs difficult scientists drugs human body reasons scientists effects drugs drugs illegal drug users want give firsthand information scientists effects drugs afraid punished law reason difficult describe effects drugs drug affects depends things things size weight physical condition attitude feelings drug amount drug number times drug drug mix drug drugs purity drug street drugs pure inspects places street drugs street drugs mixed cut milk sugar chalk production illegally drugs controlled knowing exactly getting die taking street drug actually killed drug things mixed drug deaths mistakenly thought caused overdoses
walk route school scratch nose thinking bite nails worried forget turn bathroom light habits change changing habit easy helps change habit reason changing easier change habit help change habit want change important biting nails big habit small habit suppose habit want change drug habit matter kind drug habit need help kind drug difficulty ask feel comfortable help drug difficulty talk friend family relative neighbor family friend talk school nurse social worker counselor teachers prefer talk family school doctor find kinds help looking telephone book look drug information alcoholism information smokers information yellow pages white pages
body large units called systems systems organs body system digestive system organs digestive system mouth throat stomach intestines system carry jobs organs separately basic building blocks combine body body systems bones muscles give body shape let move digestive system takes food rid solid wastes blood food oxygen wastes move body circulatory respiratory systems fluids regulated blood cleaned urinary system systems control coordinate body send information children systems cooperate systems goes automatically don think bones muscles food oxygen digestive circulatory systems supply bone muscle systems food oxygen healthy means systems organs tissues cells health body physically fit individual parts healthy suppose leg bone suddenly turned soft gave fast ball hit stomach tighten muscles
physically fit play hard recover quickly running heartbeat returns normal rate quickly trouble getting breath don tire easily tired sleep food soon makes feel sleep sleep wake feeling ready tackle put extra effort energy reserve mentally fit deal worries frustrations let top control physically fit body deal physical demands energy left fit mind deal ordinary strains living meet extra demands kinds fitness able run meter dash seconds headache decision fit handle decisions breath climbing flight stairs fit balance mental physical fitness shows shows look deal walk sit stand look tell feel confident walk
fit need eat kinds food physical activity takes lot energy energy comes food eat words hunger appetite talk food hunger physical need food water body tells appetite emotions appetite determines eat eat eat need hungry choice north americans hungry united states canada choices eat choose food determines eat eating group activity racial national religious groups develop food preferences preferences passed children children grow feel comfortable kinds food homes food choices hunger eat friends eat food identify member group order expensive dishes menu show afford expensive food expensive car help feel important low cost menu choices nourishing feelings appetite overeat worried lonely
control eat help food shopping important job takes planning supermarket confuse experienced shopper choices varieties overwhelming advertising confusing giant size economical super economy size tell checking carefully quantity confused food shopping cart piled high food necessarily full nourishment informed help family money influence family eating habits put knowledge food economical shopping list avoid impulse buying buying happen shopping looks don need items bought impulse add large part average shopping bill help watch specials family save money carefully checking buys especially high priced protein foods states require stores system unit pricing system shows cost ounce pound pint quart don calculate buy small large size careful shoppers large quantity necessarily cost unit small quantity larger quantity spoil thrown read labels
voluntary health agencies deal health problems agencies supported contributions individuals groups charitable organizations civic groups churches synagogues non profit hospitals private agencies health programs red cross united known known neighborhood voluntary health agencies big agencies pay research diseases cancer heart disease tuberculosis voluntary health agencies raise money public education programs fight kidney disease birth defects blindness deafness health problems family hospital fast ambulance maybe police fire department place call places private ambulances save lives states provinces health departments deal matters preventive health care purity food produced inside province health agencies license doctors nurses health workers run laboratories supply medicines pay health education programs collect health statistics statistics needed health workers need needs greatest kinds programs set national health agencies health problems community departments deal united states canadian governments deal problems affect countries
coming hospital care hospitals provide community services set mental health alcohol drug family planning clinics live nearby offer types care emergency room reason happening doctors hospital medicines equipment techniques doctors need medical specialists technicians help patients doctors hospitals special equipment help doctors hospital treatment mean stay hospital means kinds medical care need place kinds diseases bring medical care number live pneumonia tuberculosis leading death died today heart disease cancer major killers live longer die heart disease cancer medical research children live adults childhood diseases measles scarlet fever polio controlled birth defects treated lot medical research diseases middle aged elderly researchers chronic diseases cured attention paid diseases related air water pollution
rising prices fact hamburger costs ago maybe smaller high cost staying healthy getting sick worries practically family united states families canada countries don concerned cost illness medical costs paid health insurance plans question rise medical costs hospital room cost cost today expected cost times medical costs faster costs food clothing hospitals employ lot doctors nurses need women clean rooms cook serve meals operate equipment offices wash bedclothes provide special services recently paid wages bill patients pay think big hospital employs women payroll patient hospital medicines equipment read expensive laboratory tests technicians cost money hospital patient ask tests hear blood samples rays tests
things live place place dark cool wet animals find earthworms able soil things need live crawl slowly soil earthworms soil mouths move food soil passes bodies earthworms move eat small holes soil roots plants grow soil easily helpful earthworms garden dig earthworms soon tried dig dark cool wet soil earthworms air need soil air moves skin bodies order happen skin wet earthworms found deep meters soil earthworms stay soil warm sunny days earthworm body parts move bend body ways crawls slowly soil body pushes pulls earthworm thick skin keeps getting hurt moves hard soil skin keeps getting dry earthworm soil think place earthworms live earthworms need live
plant shape hot dry desert round fat thick skin looks big basket fact kind basket hard empty inside soft full water rainfall desert soil water desert plants water live desert plants roots grow spread top soil roots grow plant directions think desert plants grow close spreading roots soak rainfall desert plants covered sharp thorns animals try eat plants drink water inside sharp thorns help plants eaten living things found kinds places desert plants live hot sunny dry earthworms live cool dark wet living things found kinds places kind place thing lives called habitat habitat fish pond water cool fresh fish needs water live food water air needs water kinds body parts fish help live
winter snow beginning melt ice pond breaking days getting warmer early spring large group birds flying blue sky flying closer closer pond birds wild ducks trip winter ducks fly pond times land spring days warm food pond ducks living things live habitat find food build nests lay eggs soon young ducks break eggs swimming getting food spring summer ducks eat grow cold weather comes pond young ducks strong fly warm place find food warm changing seasons ducks move place move parts habitat find need seasons change return pond animals move place animals move things live able need stay alive kind place plant animal lives called habitat find habitat looking living thing body parts
garden fun times lot children taking care plants green plants energy sun food children making sure green plants water green plants need light water need air soil green plants animals alike ways living things energy food grow change green plants energy sun food ago happened loud crash dead tree fell ground thing happened community trees lived grown died happened look children found found plants plants green food green plants living things plants need food energy food live think plants energy look closely plants growing plants food log log part green plant alive energy food plants change log soil breaking pieces plants food animals died
hard thing live living things live depend food energy shown food chain food chain green plants sun energy food plant eaten insect energy food plant goes insect arrows show energy moves living thing frog energy eats insect frog eaten snake energy frog goes snake soil makers part food chain energy food chain picture plants animals live pond living things part food chain write living thing piece paper names living things food chain draw arrows thing energy thing energy food chain sun food chains community food chain shows plants eaten insects insects eaten turtles food chain shows plants eaten ducks ducks eaten foxes food chains ducks insects energy green plants population plants part food chain community
visit pond swimming fishing boating fun picnics pond water clean fish plants snails worms part pond community populations live share food energy happened pond large building built pond community times dirty water building put pond pond water started change populations found hard live pond living things died added pond energy longer thing food chain broken today pond fishing swimming water clean pond community changed living things longer need live help place living working don happen don plan carefully don think community caused river careful planning change dirty water clean water things miss river couldn changed don community fire rushing water moving land hurts community helpful returning community change
water happen times heavy rains melting snow fast moving water fill rivers quickly spill land wash crops roads bridges fast moving water wash houses leave homes build dams hold water water makes lake water stored ready stored water turn machines electrical energy electrical energy travels big wires cities farms factories ways electrical energy stored water desert land turned farm land water moved dry places moved lake pipes open ditches farmer lets water flow smaller ditches rows plants fruit trees vegetable gardens grain fields grow desert places places stored water drinking water water want drink build pipes carry water distances hills pipes carry water big pumps water moving places water lakes rivers clean soap garbage oil things
earth water millions trips clouds earth water fills lakes oceans stored ground runs soil roots plants animals drink ways water follow paths comes started morning washed hands water millions water snow fell ten thousand ago maybe puddle splashed week water goes air gas called water vapor water water vapor faster warmed water vapor cooled change rain dew clouds fog sleet snow water rain melting snow ice goes ground moves top land water moves cycle dams built store extra water watering dry places making electrical energy drinking water cleaned safe drink special water plants turn water home comes clear clean water ready water comes city town fit drink harmful materials sick study waters earth air
places place looks flat places hills mountains valleys mountain tops valley walls look closely places rocks rocks earth rocks look hard change person studies rocks studying rocks imagine land ago land changed mountains round valley wide flat let find large mountain hard solid rock forever look pieces rock bottom mountain think pieces mountain changing slowly breaking bits pieces small pieces rock soil strong break mountain small pieces thing freezing water water goes cracks rocks freezes air cold freezing water makes cracks wider wider rocks break pieces breaking rocks smaller smaller pieces called weathering water freezing cracks rocks kind weathering plant roots grow cracks rocks kind weathering takes place let think roots happens seed crack wet
sun important sun light heat sun earth dark cold place things able live earth green plants die energy need food food plant eaters animal eaters feed earth depends energy sun sun energy heats things sunlight warm waters earth water vapor air think clouds rain snow dew ago learned plant crops watching sun later learned tell watching sun telling learned sun ways heat water homes sunlight sun energy electrical energy finding ways sun energy lived ago watched stars thought groups stars looked things knew groups looked animals looked lived ago drew pictures told stories stories animals chasing animals hunting food today groups stars called constellations names gave constellations
constellation heard summer fall winter spring sky count number stars constellation shape seen think thought constellation looked dipper dipper cup handle stars constellation look handle cup dipper dipper big named big dipper saw looked constellation thought looked part bear stars constellation look shape bear find head bear bear feet stars tail girls watching star constellation tree later night girls stood place looking bright star star earlier wasn place took hours camera picture pointed place stars light moved camera lights look curved lines bright points stars moved happen camera stays place takes picture
interested stars study stars telescopes telescopes stars look brighter stars look brighter telescope stars telescopes help find stars space telescopes pictures sky pictures show sky night show sky nights learning sun stars pictures past looked sky wondered stars think discover exciting things think learn stars hot gases give light tell hot star color nearness size star difference brightness sun closest star sun medium sized yellow star light heat sun earth constellations groups stars sky shapes stars move earth turning telescopes help study stars making look brighter looked telescope stars stars look brighter closer eyes look sky
minute night muscles read need energy muscles move eyes sit energy heart muscles need energy muscles bring air body body energy mmm apples bread eggs juice milk peanut butter oranges cookies things eat foods body foods changed ways body body jobs food eat things body change food called digestion digestion food body grow play digestion begins minute put food mouth begin changing food cutting food smaller pieces teeth teeth covered hard material part tooth living lot minerals body hard mineral material tooth fits bone jaws pink gums cover tooth inside tooth living times feel pain teeth chew food cold hot teeth hurt ate
tongue helps digestion muscles move food mouth muscles tongue help teeth break food smaller pieces food chewed tongue pushes food throat hold tongue fingers try swallow happens tongue help swallow things happen mouth help digestion liquid mouth called saliva food wet saliva mixes food makes soft helps swallow food saliva helps change food parts body kinds juices help digest food saliva water juices juices saliva mix starch starch changed sugar find happens starch mixes saliva put piece cracker mouth cracker starch chew minute swallowing chew juices saliva begin changing starch cracker happening cracker taste longer chew longer chew food smaller pieces food saliva change food easily starch food changed sugar tastes sweet
body break part food eat digest stringy parts vegetables hard parts meat material passes small intestine wider tube called large intestine large intestine muscles walls digestion lot material large intestine water muscles squeeze water food digested undigested food soft solid solid material moves end large intestine leaves body digestion food body juices parts body help break food digestion starts mouth ends large intestine digested food goes blood parts body food broken leaves body opening end large intestine foods eat digested stomach imagine able happen dr william beaumont army doctor able treated young trapper shot stomach wound healed opening left dr beaumont trapper stomach dr beaumont opening study digestion takes place stomach put foods hole wrote took digest
shore palm trees stood leaned light green feathers hundred feet air ground beneath bank covered coarse grass torn upheavals fallen trees scattered decaying coconuts palm saplings darkness forest proper open space scar ralph stood hand grey trunk screwed eyes shimmering water mile white surf coral reef open sea dark blue irregular arc coral lagoon mountain lake blue shades shadowy green purple beach palm terrace water thin stick endless apparently ralph left perspectives palm beach water drew point infinity visible heat jumped terrace sand thick black shoes heat hit conscious weight clothes kicked shoes fiercely ripped stocking elastic garter single movement leapt terrace pulled shirt stood skull coconuts green shadows palms forest sliding skin undid snake clasp belt lugged shorts pants stood naked looking dazzling beach water
child appeared palms hundred yards beach boy sturdy fair clothes torn face covered sticky mess fruit trousers lowered obvious purpose pulled half jumped palm terrace sand trousers fell ankles stepped trotted platform piggy helped ralph continued blow till voices shouted forest small boy squatted front ralph looking brightly vertically received reassurance purposeful began look satisfied clean digit pink thumb slid mouth piggy leaned yer johnny piggy muttered shouted ralph interested blowing face dark violent pleasure making stupendous noise heart making stretched shirt shake shouting forest nearer signs visible beach sand trembling beneath heat haze concealed figures miles length boys making platform hot dumb sand small children older johnny appeared startlingly close hand gorging fruit forest dark boy younger piggy parted tangle undergrowth walked platform smiled cheerfully
stillness descended ralph looking understanding piggy saw hurt crushed hovered courses apology insult piggy fatty directness genuine leadership anyway sorry feel piggy names job turned raced piggy stood rose indignation faded slowly cheeks platform boys walked briskly sand tide low strip weed strewn beach firm road kind glamour spread scene conscious glamour happy turned laughing excitedly talking listening air bright ralph faced task translating explanation stood head fell laughing simon stroked ralph arm shyly laugh jack presently re explorers end island ralph look round corner island end afternoon mirages settling found end island distinct shape sense jumble usual squareness block sitting lagoon
jack bent double sprinter nose inches humid earth tree trunks creepers festooned lost green dusk thirty feet undergrowth faintest indication trail cracked twig impression side hoof lowered chin stared traces force speak dog uncomfortably fours unheeding discomfort stole forward yards stopped loop creeper tendril pendant node tendril polished underside pigs passing loop brushed bristly hide jack crouched face inches clue stared forward semi darkness undergrowth sandy hair considerably longer dropped lighter bare mass dark freckles peeling sunburn sharpened stick feet trailed hand pair tattered shorts held knife belt naked closed eyes raised head breathed gently flared nostrils assessing current warm air information forest length let breath sigh opened eyes bright blue eyes frustration bolting nearly mad
rhythm slow swing dawn quick dusk accepted pleasures morning bright sun sea sweet air play full hope forgotten noon floods light fell nearly perpendicular stark colors morning smoothed pearl heat impending sun height gave momentum blow ducked running shade lying sleeping strange things happened midday glittering sea rose moved planes blatant impossibility coral reef stunted palms clung elevated parts float sky quiver plucked run raindrops wire repeated odd succession mirrors land loomed land flicked bubble children watched piggy discounted mirage boy reach reef stretch water snapping sharks waited grew accustomed mysteries miraculous throbbing stars midday illusions merged sky sun gazed angry eye end afternoon mirage subsided horizon level blue clipped sun declined
ralph climbed bathing pool trotted beach sat shade beneath palms fair hair plastered eyebrows pushed simon floating water kicking feet maurice practicing diving piggy mooning aimlessly picking things discarding rock pools fascinated covered tide interest tide presently seeing ralph palms sat piggy wore remainders pair shorts fat body golden brown glasses flashed looked boy island hair grow rest shock headed piggy hair lay wisps head baldness natural imperfect covering soon velvet young stag antlers thinking clock sundial put stick sand effort express mathematical processes involved passes airplane tv set ralph sourly steam engine piggy shook head lot metal things haven metal stick ralph turned smiled involuntarily piggy bore fat ass mar matter fact ideas dull pleasure pulling leg accident
pushed percival forward left stood knee deep central grass looking hidden feet trying pretend tent ralph remembered small boy stood flinched memory pushed thought sight positive reminder bring surface partly means insuring accounted partly ralph knew answer question piggy asked mountain top boys fair dark freckled dirty faces dreadfully free major blemishes seen mulberry colored birthmark piggy coaxed bullied tacitly admitting remembered ralph nodded piggy ask piggy knelt holding conch small boy twisted tent piggy turned helplessly ralph spoke sharply tormented silence refusal assembly broke chant quiet ralph peered child twilight tell percival madison st anthony telephone telephone information rooted springs sorrow wept face puckered tears leapt eyes mouth opened till square black hole
light left save stars understood ghostly noise percival quiet ralph simon picked carried shelter piggy hung brave words bigger boys shelter lay restlessly noisily dry leaves watching patch stars opening lagoon cried shelters spoke dark fell asleep sliver moon rose horizon large path light sat water lights sky moved fast winked faint popping battle fought ten miles height sign grownups child awake read sudden bright explosion corkscrew trail sky darkness stars speck island figure dropping swiftly beneath parachute figure hung dangling limbs changing winds altitudes took figure miles wind steadied bore descending curve round sky swept slant reef lagoon mountain
eaten ralph set beach left piggy propped platform promised blue dome beach stretched gentle curve till perspective drew forest advanced obscured shifting veils mirage ralph direction picked careful palm terrace dare hot sand water let jack lead jack trod theatrical caution seen enemy twenty yards ralph walked rear thankful escaped responsibility simon walking front ralph felt flicker incredulity beast claws scratched sat mountain top left tracks fast catch simon thought beast rose sight picture human heroic sick sighed stand speak assembly apparently dreadful feeling pressure personality say speaking person stepped looked ralph coming holding spear shoulder diffidently simon allowed pace slacken walking side side ralph looking coarse black hair fell eyes
greatest ideas simplest worked passion piggy full delight expanding liberty jack departure full pride contribution society helped fetch wood wood fetched close hand fallen tree platform need assembly sanctity platform protected useless twins realized fire comfort night set dancing clapping hands wood dry fuel mountain damply rotten full insects scurried logs lifted soil care crumbled sodden powder order avoid going deep forest boys worked hand fallen wood matter tangled growth skirts forest scar familiar conch shelters sufficiently friendly daylight darkness cared think worked energy cheerfulness crept suggestion panic energy hysteria cheerfulness built pyramid leaves twigs branches logs bare sand platform
spread nervously forest jack found dung scattered roots told pig soon track fresh jack signaled rest hunt quiet forward happy wore damp darkness forest clothes crept slope rocks scattered trees sea pigs lay bloated bags fat sensuously enjoying shadows trees wind practice jack silent shadows stole instructed hidden hunters presently began inch forward sweating silence heat trees ear flapped idly rest sunk deep maternal bliss lay largest sow lot black pink bladder belly fringed row piglets slept burrowed squeaked fifteen yards drove jack stopped arm straightening pointed sow looked round inquiry sure understood boys nodded row arms slid drove pigs started range ten yards wooden spears fire hardened points flew chosen pig piglet demented shriek rushed sea trailing roger spear sow gave gasping squeal staggered spears sticking fat flank
simon stayed small brown image concealed leaves shut eyes sow head remained image half shut eyes dim infinite cynicism adult assured simon bad business simon discovered spoken aloud opened eyes quickly head grinning strange daylight ignoring flies spilled guts ignoring indignity spiked stick looked licking dry lips gift beast beast head thought appeared agree run head silently joke bother wrong headache ate child head silently simon looked feeling weight wet hair gazed sky clouds bulging towers sprouted island grey cream copper colored clouds sitting land squeezed produced moment moment close tormenting heat butterflies deserted open space obscene thing grinned dripped simon lowered head carefully keeping eyes shut sheltered hand shadows trees pearly stillness real illusive definition
ralph lay covert wondering wounds bruised flesh inches diameter ribs swollen bloody scar spear hit hair full dirt tapped tendrils creeper scratched bruised flight forest breathing normal worked bathing injuries wait listen naked feet splashing water safe stream open beach ralph listened castle rock panic thought heard sounds pursuit hunters sneaked fringes greenery retrieving spears rushed sunny rock terrified darkness leaves glimpsed striped brown black red judged bill thought ralph bill savage image refused blend ancient picture boy shorts shirt afternoon died circular spots sunlight moved steadily green fronds brown fibre sound rock ralph ferns sneaked forward edge impenetrable thicket neck land peered elaborate caution branches edge robert sitting guard top cliff
awake eyes open listening noise opened eye found mold inch face fingers gripped light filtering fronds fern realize age nightmares falling death past morning heard sound seashore savage answered cry swept narrow end island sea lagoon cry flying bird took consider grabbed sharp stick wriggled ferns seconds worming thicket glimpsed legs savage coming ferns thumped beaten heard legs moving grass savage cry repeated directions died ralph crouched tangled ferns heard examined thicket certainly attack stroke luck rock killed piggy bounded thicket bounced centre making smashed space feet extent ralph wriggled felt secure clever
staggered feet tensed terrors looked huge peaked cap white topped cap green shade peak crown anchor gold foliage saw white drill revolver row gilt buttons front uniform naval officer stood sand looking ralph wary astonishment beach cutter bows hauled held ratings stern sheets rating held machine gun faltered died officer looked ralph doubtfully moment took hand butt revolver hullo squirming conscious filthy appearance ralph answered shyly hullo officer nodded question answered adults grownups ralph shook head turned half pace sand semicircle boys bodies streaked colored clay sharp sticks hands standing beach making noise fun games officer fire reached coconut palms beach swallowed noisily flame seemingly detached swung acrobat licked palm heads platform sky black officer grinned cheerfully ralph saw smoke war ralph nodded officer inspected scarecrow front
house crystal pillars planet mars edge empty sea morning mrs eating golden fruits grew crystal walls cleaning house handfuls magnetic dust taking dirt blew hot wind afternoons fossil sea warm motionless wine trees stood stiff yard distant martian bone town enclosed drifted doors room reading metal book raised hieroglyphs brushed hand play harp book fingers stroked voice sang soft ancient voice told tales sea red steam shore ancient carried clouds metal insects electric spiders battle mrs lived dead sea twenty ancestors lived house turned sun flower ten centuries mrs fair brownish skin true martian yellow coin eyes soft musical voices liked painting pictures chemical fire swimming canals seasons wine trees filled green liquors talking dawn blue phosphorous portraits speaking room
sound quarreling voices upstairs door stared shifting boots fingers holding hip belts voice shouted upstairs woman voice replied fifteen minutes earth began walking kitchen door cigarette pack lit puffed slow streams pale white smoke adjusted uniforms fixed collars voices upstairs continued mutter chant leader looked watch twenty minutes wonder re window looked hot yeah slow warm early afternoon voices faded murmur silent sound house hear breathing hour silence passed hope didn trouble captain peered living room mrs watering flowers grew center room knew forgotten saw captain walked kitchen sorry handed slip paper busy turned cooking anyway want aaa
ship space stars black velocities shining movements silent space ship fire body metal cells moved clean silence fiery warm seventeen including captain crowd ohio field shouted waved hands sunlight rocket bloomed flowers heat color run space voyage mars decelerating metal efficiency upper martian atmospheres thing beauty strength moved midnight waters space pale sea leviathan passed ancient moon thrown onward nothingness battered thrown sickened turn died remaining sixteen eyes clear heads faces pressed thick glass ports watched mars swing mars cried navigator mars samuel archaeologist captain john black rocket landed lawn green grass lawn stood iron deer green stood tall brown victorian house quiet sunlight covered scrolls rococo windows blue pink yellow green colored glass
early morning small sun lifting faintly folded hills finished smoky breakfast minutes fire ashes knapsacks testing digging placing seed sprout lightly watering going whistling looking clear sky brightening warm noon need air told night fire fire ruddy lively companion snapped slept close drowsy pink eyes warm chilly night need air thin air mars tired soon living andes south america high inhale don satisfy felt rib case thirty days grown air build lungs plant trees fire popped school told story johnny appleseed walking america planting apple trees planting oaks elms maples kind tree aspens chestnuts making fruit stomach making air lungs trees grow think oxygen remembered arrival mars thousand gazed morning thought fit
smell air tonight smiled turned fancy mind thought smell dust clocks wondered sounded sounded water running dark cave voices crying dirt dropping hollow box lids rain going look looked snow dropping silently black room looked silent film ancient theater hundred billion faces falling balloons smelled looked sounded tonight tomas shoved hand wind truck tonight touch drove truck hills neck sat watching ahead pulled dead martian town stopped engine let silence sat breathing looking white buildings moonlight uninhabited centuries perfect faultless ruins yes perfect started engine drove mile stopping climbing carrying lunch bucket walking promontory look dusty city opened thermos poured cup coffee night bird flew felt peace minutes later sound
watched dust settle suddenly remembered nights drove house knees sticking sharp shotguns sticking sharper cranes night trees summer eyes mean honking horn slamming door gun hand laughing heart racing ten driving summer night road ring hemp rope coiled car floor fresh shell boxes making coat look bunchy nights nights wind rushing car flopping hair mean eyes roaring picked tree strong tree rapped shanty door son bitch meant leaped sunlight bastard goin nights lousy insolent son question sickened empty yes nights thought re absolutely empty numb pulled pistol pocket checked load goin sam asked kill son bitch grandpa don heated samuel store moment later drove drive open top car comin drive grandpa replied grandpa slammed door
empty avenues town whistling softly kicking tin ahead deepest concentration tall thin eyes glowed dark quiet look loneliness moved bony hands pockets tinkling dimes occasionally tossed dime ground laughed walked sprinkling bright dimes walter placer mine remote shack blue martian hills walked town weeks marry quiet intelligent woman returned shack disappointed week ago arriving town found surprised rushed delicatessen flung wide case ordered triple decker beef sandwich coming cried towel arm flourished meats bread baked dusted table invited sit ate find soda fountain ordered bicarbonate druggist walter astoundingly polite stuffed jeans money find loaded boy wagon ten dollar bills ran split town reaching suburbs suddenly realized shamefully silly didn need money rode ten dollar bills found counted dollar wallet pay sandwiches dropped delicatessen till added quarter tip
yes end sat talked loved talk liked stone hut open fire lived regular house town liked primitive liked modern liked told laboratory things wired entire dead american town sound speakers pressed button town lit noises ten thousand lived airplane noises car noises sounds talking sit light cigar talk sounds town awhile phone ring recorded voice ask hathaway scientific surgical questions answer phone ringing sounds town cigar hathaway happy thing couldn grow older stayed guess didn mind guess wanted bury yard crosses think put hand wrist lightly sure orders family procession hill
sat felt canal water rush cool swift glassy sound motor hum glide water sun expanding air martians cried michael soon father maybe tonight martians dead race mom re show martians dad presently timothy scowled odd vacations fishing looks boys engaged making shelves small hands peering foot stone banks canal watching martians look demanded michael dad sort laughed timothy saw pulse beating cheek mother slender soft woven plait spun gold hair head eyes color deep cool canal water ran shadow purple flecks amber caught thoughts swimming eyes fish bright dark fast quick slow easy looked earth color sat boat prow hand resting side lip lap dark blue breeches line sunburnt soft neck showing blouse opened white flower
picture young butterfly looks adult butterfly picture baby ways baby looks course change grow change insects taller fatter thinner parts insects change times adults insects stages grow eggs laid eggs hatch small wormlike animals called larvae larvae eat grow grow big skins shed kinds larvae shed skins times larvae pupae stop eating moving kinds insects build case cases pupae change adults finally cases split adult insects crawl insects ready begin adult lives females lay eggs happens eggs insects stages growth young hatched eggs kind insect called nymphs nymphs look parents nymphs smaller wings nymphs eat grow shedding skins outgrow grasshoppers shedding happens times adult stage reached females lay eggs words tell happens
seen insects special ways finding food finding staying danger insects live special ways live share insects called social insects ants hornets honeybees social insects let find honeybees food honeybees fly flower flower stop drink sweet liquid called nectar put pollen pollen baskets legs pollen powder material found ends stems flower pollen brushes flowers flowers started making seeds flowers lot pollen plenty pollen bees flowers bees loaded nectar pollen fly hive nectar honey mixed pollen grains bee bread bread honey food bees flowers hive bees wander looking bee found flowers brought news rest hive bee looked food special kind dance dance told bees fly direction bees smelled odor flowers buzzed dancing bee
insects hurt food crops plants hard rid insect pests find kind food place live hard farmers called scientists help rid insects scientists tried kinds poison powders liquids pumped poisons tank trucks sprayed airplanes poisons killed insect pests farmers crops saved poisons raises questions picture apple trees sprayed apple trees insect pests farmers sprays kill problems sprays poisons kill insects bees carry pollen apple flower apple flowers dusted pollen start making seeds fruit happens bees die sprays stay leaves later leaves fall decay soil happens sprays earthworms eat dead leaves birds eat earthworms birds eat poisoned earthworms die poison birds insects able live farmer poisons stronger poisons control insects poisons sprayed kill insects sprayed trees poisons stay apples poisons raw apples eating
framework bones important things bones support bones wooden framework house walls floors ceilings parts house supported wooden framework heart stomach muscles skin parts supported bony framework skeleton skeleton support couldn stand sit straight thing bones protect important organs body look picture skeleton read learn names bones fingers feel bone head shape called skull skull feels large bone bones grown born bones separate skull bones grew skull strong built helmet protects brain bumps bruises body parts protect bones help protect body place hands sides chest feel bones feel called ribs ribs shape cage look picture find bone forms front rib cage feel bone fingers bone forms cage
skeleton framework building building stays place parts framework fastened barely move want walk jump bend kinds movements skeleton supports protects stand tall move let find parts skeleton able move feel bone goes foot knee hard firm bone support weight body joins bone goes knee hip bone hard firm place bones meet knee move place bones called joint swing leg knee joint works door hinge elbow joint works hinge lets move lower part arm moving upper part put elbow desk let arm drop desk lift arm raising elbow arm move move fingers toes ankles directions move notice move hinge bones able move move left circle
bones move joints bones support move muscles attached move bones muscles big small muscles part body blink eyes wiggle nose kick ball smile muscles things look hand open close hand times cords skin called tendons tendons attach muscles hand bones touch tendons open close hand feel strong muscles pairs muscle lowers arm muscle lifts pair muscles arm pairs muscles legs fingers toes muscle pair pulls rests movements muscles working pairs motion arm leg part body picture try find muscle motion motion touching muscle tell touching muscle head foot move muscles healthy muscles firm springy give body shape form muscles firmer stronger exercise
carbon dioxide important jar vinegar baking soda small circles rising liquid bubbles carbon dioxide look happens carbon dioxide gas poured burning candle carbon dioxide air water vapor water vapor cools form clouds water vapor cools cloud change rain sleet snow water vapor important part atmosphere small amounts gases atmosphere nitrogen oxygen carbon dioxide water vapor atmosphere earth gases air takes space mass mass air hard mass press cotton balls pulled earth gravitation gravitation ball press balls ball pressed presses balls beneath cotton balls molecules air mass air molecule presses air molecules force pressing force air molecules press air pressure find mass air boy
sun warms land water sun warms atmosphere atmosphere gases warmer sunlight passes air warm feel change makes thermometer air heated sunlight heats land molecules land move quickly heated molecules move air molecules touching makes air molecules move faster air touching ground heated sunlight heated black paper glass sunlight heated glass sunlight heats land air sunlight heat air goes sun heats land molecules air molecules move land molecules air molecules heated molecules warm air cool air fill space fewer warm cool air meet stay move find look happens radiator heats air radiator heats air molecules closest molecules warmer begin move quickly spread
winds home meeting cool warm air beach sunny air warm molecules water air cooler molecules closer cooler air spread moves land pushes warmer air cool air pushes warm air feel cool wind blowing water warm land light wind felt coming open refrigerator door night air land cool air water cool quickly air heavier wind move draw sketch piece paper showing wind blow night land water find differences wind light winds move gently cool shade tree sunny fields move shady side street sunny side cool air shady side mountain wind sweeps sunny valley takes place warmer rising air feel wind happens cool air cooler warm air wind gentle wind strong big difference temperature warm air cool air
roaring rocket engines lifted ground let look earth leave rise clouds earth atmosphere patchwork pattern land areas earth surface brown areas cover fourth planet places areas smooth rough marked steep mountains green patches brown areas sign plant found earth blue areas cover parts planet think areas spacecraft earth look faraway view makes think looking planets looking earth moon fourth size earth moon journey solar system moons move planets move planets move sun earth moon atmosphere flat places mountains bowl shaped holes called craters scientists think craters formed objects space crashed moon traveling solar system speed days flight planet closest sun covered craters saw moon
days mars big chunk rock metal floating space km big moons mars looking maps learn moving part solar system known asteroid belt belt thousands asteroids shape size asteroids km countless numbers range size dust grains asteroid rock metal revolves sun orbits mars jupiter days cross asteroid belt dangerous trip asteroids hit spacecraft likely asteroids spacecraft rest trip belt knows asteroids formed broken planet pieces rock metal planet asteroids stay asteroid belt orbit sun enter earth atmosphere burn burn leave glowing trail gas dust earth passed left mars asteroid belt spacecraft nears planet jupiter earth tiny dot blackness space sun small yellow circle
travel planet faint starlike object headed sun object rock gases ice mixed looks dirty snowball looking comet moves nearer sun comet brighter brighter comet comes jupiter orbit sun energy forces body bigger gases evaporate gases solid pieces sweep kind tail tail pushed sun energy sun material comet head tail give light ahead planet neptune neptune looks blue green ball blackness space thick cloudy atmosphere instruments tell average temperature planet neptune predicted seen scientists noticed uranus orbiting sun thought gravitational pull unknown planet uranus strange movements neptune moons seen telescope edge solar system neptune planet pluto known pluto size surface half large earth receives energy sun cold
natural gas oil deposits earth valuable fuel thousands filling stations buying gasoline need millions liters gasoline hour airplanes ships trucks trains burning fuels gasoline kerosene diesel oil fuel oil petroleum natural gas oil deposits valuable making thousands products scientists engineers found separate liquids solids petroleum knowledge separate wax diesel oil lubricating oils kerosene gasoline materials petroleum separation large factories called refineries things petroleum wax paper wrapper keeps rolls bread fresh comes petroleum dry cleaning liquids petroleum detergents wash dishes clothes plastics rubber tires printing ink cloth fibers paint thousands petroleum products gas oil deposits earth formed plants animals lived grew sunlight millions ago today plants energy sunlight making food animals ate plants coal energy oil natural gas stored sunlight millions ago end century coal oil natural gas left earth resources took millions form rapidly
earth living resources nonliving resources unlike nonliving resources living resources replaced renewable plants animals pass stages grow beginning living thing stage growth end stage growth cycle happens change cycle living things population stages growth means population growing older beginning cycle months pass plants start grow ready harvested places pine tree forests grown crops seeds gathered trees rapid healthy growth young pines grown seeds planted forests replace trees cut grew size trees cut lumber fuel making paper products young pine trees reach size harvesting cut seeds collected young pines grown seeds replace parent plants forest cattle valuable renewable resource eat meat cattle roast beef veal hamburger hot dogs
resources oil coal natural gas ores conserved materials resources recycled metal paper glass materials recycled materials recycled ores copper aluminum recycled ore needs earth bit mineral ore melted saves taking earth store paper recycled fewer trees need cut paper cardboard boxes takes energy mine sand makes glass glass melted bottles fuel conserved fuel mine sand glass conserve resources travel car bus train gasoline person traveled temperature homes fuel temperature minerals fuels earth making surface layer soil rock covers resources removed mining soil mixed materials put piles land rebuild land plant trees crops
eastern end mediterranean sea small land known palestine europe middle ages palestine important places holy land home christian religion holy land christ lived taught died century muslims gained control palestine muslims followers prophet muhammad religion called islam century turks captured palestine muslims friendly christians trips holy places turks closed palestine visits christians christians europe angry felt allowed travel freely land religion begun head christian church pope called meeting kings nobles told turks treating christians palestine called christians unite turks drive holy land kings nobles large numbers set fight turks western europe left homes follow kings nobles attempts win holy land wars called crusades comes latin word crux cross crusaders wore clothing crusades lasted thousands died battle
spanish mexico heard stories indians wonderful land north called cibola rich splendid cities spanish governor mexico eager conquer land thought rich mexico father marcos de niza band soldiers northward find cities gold going estevanico black scout explorer estevanico shipwrecked texas coast captured shortly american indians escaped spent wandering texas arizona mexico finally reached spanish settlement de niza estevanico ahead look area estevanico reports suddenly reports stopped de niza learned estevanico killed indians de niza heard stories wealthy cities de niza reports cities gold greeted enthusiasm mexico governor chose francisco de coronado follow de niza expedition coronado gathered large group soldiers horses carry needed supplies took herds sheep cattle provide food trip horses cattle graze plains united states explorers marched northern mexico arizona eastward mexico texas journey spanish city cibola
puritans america worship thought america willing let worship real religious freedom puritans allow members puritan faith part making laws leaders puritan church lawmakers massachusetts laws community puritan rule began leave massachusetts start settlements disagreed puritan leaders young minister named roger williams williams believed church involved government felt land america belonged indians rulers give land granting charters white wanted indians land pay indians believed worship god saw fit puritan leaders angry roger williams plans send england learned plans escaped forest winter roger williams lived narragansett indian friends spring joined colonists believed founded small settlement head narragansett bay land bought narragansett indians called settlement providence god help keeping safe danger
starting century england france fought wars control europe india north america early wars fighting spread colonies america fourth war deeply involved colonies called war europe french indian war america brought victory england gave english control french territory war began america nations claimed rich lands ohio river valley french land belonged explorations la english claimed ohio valley part virginia colony french built line forts trading posts valley defend growing fur trade stop english pioneers coming search farmland english king help ohio land company formed virginia send colonists valley french took steps drive british ohio territory built forts including fort duquesne city pittsburgh stands french urged american indian friends attack english settlers frontier english governor virginia young officer named george washington ask french leave territory refused english washington small army virginians capture fort duquesne small band fought bravely defeated
parliament passed laws punish boston boston tea party laws harsh colonists called intolerable acts law longer hold town meetings ordered colonists shelter british soldiers troops move taverns unoccupied buildings homes law closed port boston colonists paid tea ships allowed boston harbor meant boston soon food samuel adams wanted colonies british actions colonists massachusetts boston massacre started committees correspondence committee letters colonies telling taking place massachusetts colonies set committees committee received letters write thirteen colonies colonists worked resist intolerable acts food money help boston massachusetts colony called meeting leaders colonies colonies georgia representatives meeting continental congress held philadelphia samuel adams george washington patrick henry important present members congress stated rights won asked parliament repeal unjust trade laws willing settle disputes peacefully
fighting west appalachian mountains patriots stopping british east land north ohio river known northwest territory british soldiers occupied fur trading posts french british urged indians attack american settlers lived borders kentucky western pennsylvania virginia frontiersman named george rogers clark set stop attack british american indian loyalist allies planned drive english northwest territory wanted territory part nation clark explained plan governor virginia permission lead expedition west raised small army frontiersmen spent lives forest hunting game fighting indians shots rifle clark loaded boats floated ohio river marched hills illinois july clark army attacked captured british fort kaskaskia winter clark set british fort vincennes vincennes present indiana beginning terrible marches history frontier patriots endure hardships reached vincennes miles flood winter months clark march icy water
americans beginning think united states extend pacific ocean began move land mississippi river found mountain guides mountain valuable fur beaver making hats number fur companies formed companies hired travel western country trap beaver crossed plains mountains looking fur mountain white trappers explorers early west mountain hunted small groups took horses traps rafts brought furs trading post exchanged goods eastern states finished trading trappers returned winter camps trapping mountain lived wilderness danger wild animals american indians want white moving hunting grounds attacked mountain order stay alive mountain learned ways indians lived chiefly buffalo meat carried knife tomahawk rifle hard cruel indian fighter indians scalped enemies fight jim bridger jed smith jim famous mountain
mexican war going group pioneers moving land utah mormons looking place worship freely mormon church started york joseph smith ideas mormons ways religions felt chosen believed living working sharing group individuals felt mormon wife americans strongly disliked mormon beliefs drove mormons homes york homes ohio missouri mormons settled quincy illinois starting town called nauvoo things followers europe built house worship nauvoo largest city mormons left peace joseph smith brother arrested jail mob broke killed mormons felt safe united states chose leader brigham young led mississippi river iowa spent winter living huts caves spring brigham young small wagon train started westward search home took route north oregon trail crossing rockies turned south valley salt lake utah
land belonged plains indians owned cattle ranchers cattle owners needed help watch herds cattle hired hard riding cowboys look herds lead drive railroads cowboy wore heavy woolen shirt colored silk cotton leather trousers called chaps pointed boots big hat called sombrero carried guns called shooters boots spurs saddle chaps purpose riding horse texas cowboys learned skills vaqueros mexican cowboys cattle spring young calves brought order brand owner mark fall cows rounded pick animals market cattle divided droves herds drive railroad head cattle drive trail boss cowboys rode side herd herd tail rider small group spare horses outfit chuck wagon hoodlum wagon pulled horses mules cook drove chuck wagon wagon loaded food pots pans bedding tents medicines article needed trail hoodlum wagon carried water barrels wood branding irons cowboys guard cattle night
ago united states country farms villages towns americans farmers living small cabins farm family worked hard provide things needed clear land build homes care animals raise food clothing care sick hand spinning wheel hand loom early farmers machines help rich servants slaves leisure lived comforts today electricity fireplace lighting warming house cooking meals poor roads travel homes families happening villages newspapers kind living passed america today americans live towns cities buy kinds food nearby stores supermarkets food comes packages ready clothing ready americans fewer hours fewer hours week read relax enjoy send messages matter minutes travel hours places weeks months reach
inventors designing machines women seeking kinds country wanted improve lives americans worked reforms called reformers thought schools believed nation care poor andrew jackson president reformers country aware americans benefits thought share democracy reformers learned country prisons hospitals schools spoke public meetings citizens interested aims reformers started clubs organizations organizations worked hard correct evils democracy reformers interested schools care insane improvement treatment lawbreakers prisoners equal rights women thought women entitled rights women expected marry early raise families give property husbands supposed stay home women allowed college vote help making laws women began demand rights women joined abolitionist movement end slavery knowledge gained antislavery movement women reformers joined forces organize women rights convention held seneca falls york
rapid growth industry brought american gave americans goods machines comforts ways living brought problems thought form government democracy danger wealthy powerful business leaders able influence government officials pass laws favor able squeeze owners smaller businesses able sell goods poor quality high prices income taxes pay addition thought officials elected democratic short laws correct problems problems facing group writers called muckrakers upton sinclair published stirring writings jungle story meat packing industry public shocked learn unsanitary methods bring meat products market meat stored rooms rats race poisoned bread set kill rats poisoned bread dead rats meats meat grinder known muckrakers frank norris lincoln steffens ida tarbell thomas lawson books frank norris told farmers suffered railroad grain trusts lincoln steffens showed politicians cities rich giving favors big business ida tarbell wrote history standard oil company told difficult companies start giants business
rapid growth american cities began industrial revolution century growth continued faster rate war provide housing increasing number cities apartment buildings built skyscrapers rose higher office space needed growing businesses cities overcrowded starting change began place city automobile freed wealthier middle class living places began moving crowded cities suburbs suburbs cities grew large farmland city suburbs nearby cities suburbs stretches houses factories stores unbroken strip cities suburbs called megalopolis living suburbs central city night returned homes tree lined streets movement suburbs rapid war ii moved cities hundreds thousands newcomers puerto ricans mexican americans blacks hoped find cities found city worn problems problems cities difficult solve pioneers faced problems growing lack clean air water
august richard nixon american president resign office chosen president large majority voters november later leave office answer watergate president nixon begun planning reelection campaign run close races presidency past lost won determined lose election purpose decided usual republican party committee formed special committee reelect president headed friend attorney general john mitchell committee collected deal money june caught breaking headquarters democratic national committee washington offices group buildings called watergate burglars arrested money found traced representatives president nixon declared connection break public successfully dark facts crime hiding facts called cover november nixon reelected president large majority burglars tried found guilty march sentenced prison judge john sirica shortly president nixon aides john dean began talking fbi cover
european settlers america found rich land resources supply land resources settlers saw need save crops wore land settlers simply picked moved areas chopped trees forests forever supply land resources helpful things provided food shelter ways living natural resources including iron coal helped united states industrial nation late reformers began sound warning argued america land resources forever advice president theodore roosevelt launched number conservation programs protected millions acres forests large dams built provide water irrigation congress set wildlife areas national parks president franklin roosevelt reinforced program saving natural resources despite efforts nation continued resources rapid rate americans wanted cars airplanes air conditioners television sets record players things things required aluminum iron coal oil united states percent population major share needed mineral resources vast production goods meant heavy drain earth resources giant increase pollution
holding small tree eddie andrews pulled higher stopped looked randy peterson boys stood resting eddie big brother jack called spot higher hurry shouted jack wait found eddie randy climbed jack waiting found standing mouth cave cried jack let look stepped forward quickly cave eddie randy moving care jack ran end passage played flashlight side cave passageways called eddie caught brother took quick look black openings cold wind blew passageways making strange crying sound darkness don think eddie lost don baby eddie jack randy stick close don lost baby eddie jack wasn listening stepped passage started eddie randy follow stood watching jack deeper deeper cave re coming eddie called brother wait jack didn answer
susan nose spot red paint drops blue green splashed arms mixing colors paint dish laughed cold drop water splashed hand susan turned friend rosemary asked think bright yellow feathers look chickens rosemary stopped look susan barnyard picture don feathers yellow brown idea susan brown chickens need susan looked minute later miss wheeler standing looking picture miss wheeler gave susan big friendly smile colors bright pretty susan hard tell feel happy painting miss wheeler looked rosemary picture susan rosemary put pictures room lunch lunch look pictures talk fun susan glad stay help soon lunch bell sounded susan rosemary room susan looked happily painting glad re going talk pictures wait tell grandmother chickens let put picture front rosemary
billy summers stood yard listening fireworks hearing high angry voice called stop noise re hurting ears billy ran front house stopped mrs standing gate cap gun hand peter penny gardener standing front mrs saying put cap guns pocket walked jumping jellyfish cried peter fun mary burns running noise heard cap guns morning stopped smell mrs roses minute saw called don pick roses mary children upset mrs mrs upset children course knew mrs wasn billy mouth feel mary mrs sour called billy hurrying home lunch knew stepped mrs grass billy summers cried grass minute billy feel glad lunch ready home sandwiches called kind sandwiches mother jelly billy mother
eyes pablo father kind understanding week wanted sell spotted pony price money buy pony cried pablo pablo father let stand wishing try melons pablo turned stop thinking spotted pony father melons need leftover melons maybe brother coyote father smile likes pablo laugh joke knew coyotes eat melons melons left try sell city pablo father quiet minute son money pony pablo morning fine melons hot summer pablo father watched signs rain son melons die water soon told hope buy spotted pony cried pablo rain father
stepped door blue house looked water red sail looking asked friend looking red sail told father fishing friend today soon soon looked water shook head waves high wind blowing hard small boat sail home father surely wait fishing village wind dies soon cried cut brush sell baker father promised bring brush today keeps promises promise play ball brush father brings baker start fires going stop wind asked laugh looked eyes stopped laughing boys quiet thought climb mountain breaking job cutting brush promise promise think father promise help let donkeys boys sure footed donkeys climbed pushing wind
maria singing ran road fiesta waved pedro monkey pedro called happy maria laughed yes cried danced step maria happy opened hand peso buy beautiful fiesta heart happy called pedro maria ran road fiesta maria walked pretty things buy smells things eat sound music stopped pedro coming monkey chico maria seen chico dance times looked seeing thinking buy fine peso opened hand look knew chico grabbed peso ran pedro give peso cried maria pedro surprised maria chico dances money watching wasn maria saw hold peso chico pedro cried maria took turned standing pedro give peso watch chico dance
cried mary ann stagecoach rolled stop look hope look mother stagecoach inn staying night hope pushed kittens playing big basket closed top going miss kittens wish didn turn innkeeper daughter grandmother asked bring mother rest trip home fun kittens girls inn gave basket kittens innkeeper daughter happy saw kittens played rest supper let hope mary ann play girls playing kittens mother told bed stagecoach leaves early tomorrow say kittens minute later girls upstairs getting ready bed wish mother bed early mary ann don feel going sleep mary ann sat talking noticed feather pillow head bed looked hope hope turned quick mary ann puffed pillow threw sister
sam clemens caught hold big limb pulled stepped limb climbing higher higher higher dick bell close high tree sam stopped looked water saw boy walking slowly swimming hole trees dick saw boy look boy billy cook going let swim swimming hole sam don sam wrong let fun anyway re thinking climbed lowest limb tree walked end lowered water look sam called dick hold longer falling dick sam end limb began jump making harder sam hold stop clowning laughed sam hold shake limb dick jumped harder suddenly sam reached hand caught hold dick foot pulled hard splashed dick shouting waving arms sam dropped water laughing climbed water sam let talk billy play say
peter skated boys trying catch jim say jim called let start skate rink jim rolling stop race spot started peter rolled ahead flash yellow jim caught quickly pulled front stayed end peter puffing learn skate fast jim laughed re slow skater give harder race boys peter jim took skates started leave doorway peter stopped sign rink race weeks winner skates let sign jim skates peter won chance winner sure night peter told brother bob race win skates win jim fast maybe bob practiced hard weeks times rink peter big rink jim breath puffing blowing tired horse
alice kenny pulled coat sat school fun thing ghost asked mother alice answered mrs kenny ask girls school ghost walks garden house alice frances baker saw ghost week girls afraid silly mother frances seen white clothes thought ghost wears white clothes alice nearly winter frances ghost white trees mrs kenny looked window don frances seen thing thing ghost turned window want alice ask neighbors noticed strange garden moved weekend sure tell give chance meet neighbors mother finished speaking alice heard strange creaking noise house cried mrs kenny laughed door creaking alice start jumping hear noise ghosts creaking doors scare alice
joy benchly turned side side holding mother dress front picked mother green necklace put neck turned face friend penny don think beautiful asked joy looking dress wish mother mother downtown hair set party giving tonight prettiest dress saw penny mother necklace beautiful going green beads mother joy saw dime store dollars dollars birthday money left joy put mother dress bed started necklace won open working minute pulled beads suddenly string broke beads dropping rolling floor cried joy picking beads fast penny mother going say maybe string penny yes maybe cried joy ran window holding bead light tried string hole string hole wouldn cried joy hole small dear going asked penny don joy dropped chair stared green beads hand
tommy pulled hat low eyes took toy gun pocket heard sister footsteps stairway minute betty ann coming door miss tommy stepping doorway stick quiet hand money won hurt betty ann gave cry turned face brother jokes scared tommy waved toy gun betty ann tried hard smile joke hand money pay betty ann looked dollars father handed mean allowance money tommy nodded mean yesterday pay dollar owe allowance betty ann waited betty ann turned room tommy trailing look tommy promised pay week pay yearbook school yearbook wait tommy weeks borrowed dollar week tell wait allowance going wait don re hurry betty ann
queen ship nearly home storm waves rose mountains lifeboats overturned soon put water seeing ship surely lost queen tried save son took box strong water light ride waves put son happened queen cook baby boy put box prince hope saved box lowered water ship began soon left sticks wood pieces torn sail fisherman found box took babies home wife babies named anders erik grew fine strong boys fisherman wife told strange story saved queen ship boat picked sailed home told happened king overjoyed learn son living sending try find prince king finished story fisherman brought box found babies
winding streets city woodcutter shouting wood sale buy donkey walked pulling cart waving flies tail moment barber big moneybags pushed coverings doorway stepped seeing barber big moneybags woodcutter talk wood sale woodcutter fine cart full wood morning barber looked cart smiled give pieces silver wood opened moneybags woodcutter carried wood doorway barber gave money woodcutter started leave fast fine friend barber called cart bargain wood cart wood woodcutter stared barber surprise heard bargain cried carry wood tomorrow cart barber crossed arms live bargains lower donkey bargain stick barber cut ropes cart rolled store woodcutter started street suddenly idea
dear woman named carrie lived house top wooded hill kind word quick helping hand need window carrie house grew wonderful tree called sunshine tree covered golden flowers bright light flowers sun shining carrie house happened house carrie lived landlord heard sunshine tree beautiful cried landlord word beautiful heard tell moved house don cried carrie cutting soon grow tree fine sure asked landlord yes carrie give cuttings neighbors hereabout give cuttings cried landlord carrie looked surprise sir neighbors kind show thanks bring sunshine lives sure talking landlord wonderful thing wonderful
want play circus jack want play circus susan yes susan funny funny jack want run circus susan jack tommy jack tommy want play circus want play yes tommy look susan funny run circus tommy jack runs circus jack susan tommy funny hat hat circus big hat tommy jack hat tommy tommy run circus play susan looked tommy tommy looked susan susan look jack want play going home funny circus jack home mother think want play circus fun runs circus jack mother fun circus fun jack think mother want play circus think funny boys girls laughed jack play
tommy saw street ran looked street boy tommy dime dime tommy ball pony ride toy airplane jack tommy laughed candy want candy dime tommy saw betsy jack run betsy house tommy jack betsy lost dime looked house find lost betsy help look tommy tommy look think lost betsy father betsy tommy dime finds lost betsy dime help mother house tommy help look jack ran betsy find dime looked tommy looked street wanted dime wanted ball wanted pony ride wanted candy dime betsy betsy tommy dime happy betsy thank dime
school mother bobby turn bird school eat yes bobby mother put box thank bobby looked hat mother bobby mother lost hat lost bobby find box bird mother put bobby looked mother school miss white hat bobby boys yes bobby find miss white put bobby boys girls pencils bobby looked pencil looked looked pencil bobby find anne pencil lost pencil anne lost bobby find miss white bobby bird turn think bobby looked box looked looked lost find miss white lunch bird eat
peggy peggy called saw jump leaves peggy don fun laughed peggy play leaves peggy clean leaves peggy laughed help let jump asked leaves play peggy help clean leaves fire mother say start fire asked peggy think start comes home help peggy big fire peggy ran house box matches leaves big fire peggy called ask mother start comes home peggy laughed afraid afraid fire give matches started run peggy put match leaves fire jumped peggy afraid help called help ran pulled peggy fire peggy yes peggy
looks going airplane jimmy bill surprise bill help finding pencil minute bill jimmy started look pencil saw money bill dimes think ask dime candy jimmy helped dimes bill let asked thought candy tell jimmy house bill likes candy jimmy started run yes bill likes candy jimmy thought bill finds dime say sees candy jimmy put candy bill jimmy look bill airplane ready asked find looking bill thought things wanted money missing
tommy dick waiting play indian paul paul big indian dick funny indian want funny thing tent paul big tent big fun playing indian paul looked sticks home tommy paul takes sticks tent paul minute big big stick saw stick tommy tent starting sound tommy going play indian dick paul laughed tommy dick paint paint things tent paint paul run want asked tommy white tent helps paul indians started bill wants play ball called called tommy ran indians working dick white kitten ran don let paint cried paul dick turned kitten red white yellow laughed dick home clean indian working
laura started laugh danny looked surprised funny missing party pony rides asked thinking party laura thinking pony father saw circus pony dressed pony funny asked danny galloped ran things laura funny stop laughing say cried danny let dress circus pony party peter yes surprise party cried laura ponies patsy fred gallop danny laughed let call patsy fred run ask mother ponies children worked worked ponies fun laughed worked patsy laura ready patsy started gallop laura patsy starting patsy end pony patsy pony boys laughed laughed laura let try danny
called daniel king liked trusted trusted daniel let find wrong king daniel daniel find wrong daniel prays times prays thanks god king king says daniel wrong king king pray order pray put lions king daniel prayed times god pray put lions daniel afraid stop praying god king king daniel prays god order put den lions sorry king wanted help daniel order daniel put lions den god trust help king king thought daniel eat talk thoughts daniel lions den
king happy thing king smile king king king carrot cake lunch carrot cake king put red hat put red hats king smile smile happy king sorry wanted happy give big prize smile try win prize king smile king ride bus dressed things think king asked boy think forgot boy king yes boy stop want fun home king thought boy put order king orders stop
history history course parents relatives neighbors teachers friends played important role thoughts actions helped person today history united states history country thoughts actions past present help country today look americans pictured pages pictures tell united states quick answers pop head americans differ sex age differ looks looks answer question tell lot kinds part american history faces americans show kinds created history americans roots parts wide variety religions languages foods holidays united states called nation immigrants immigrant moves country country immigrant parents grandparents grandparents ancestors immigrants american immigrant descendant immigrants
states stretch maine east alaska hawaii west forty states lie canada north mexico south states alaska hawaii find map puerto rico special part island caribbean sea puerto rico part puerto rico american citizens let look big country imagine spaceship flying east west looking landforms shape land united states spaceship flies coastal plain large flat strip land stretching south florida curving gulf mexico agriculture growing crops important main crops vegetables fruits rice cotton sugar tobacco rivers cut area rivers provide water agriculture industry making goods provide move goods crops place spaceship passes chain mountains known appalachian highlands appalachians fairly low mountain range fertile river valleys plateaus high flatlands rivers shipping water power industry west highlands land flattens pass interior plains
indian moves silently forest member iroquois group largest northeast november days cool scout wears clothes buckskin skin deer ankle high moccasins shirt decorated porcupine quills iroquois stops peel pieces bark birch trees carefully seals strips roots gum spruce tree making canoe covers frame strips bark finished canoe strong carry part journey indians eastern woodlands trees important natural resource spring eastern indians gather sap sugar maples sweet syrup wood ladles bowls tools sheets bark provide walls homes called villages protected tall wooden stakes form fences forests home animals indians hunt food woodland tribes farmers corn important crop women plant seeds spring oak leaves size mouse ear grow squash beans potatoes tobacco europe north america met indians europeans brought things indians brought horses tame animals raised food
centuries american mystery remained unsolved mystery lost colony mystery begins adventure loving english nobleman named sir walter raleigh wanted england spread power north america wanted begin founding colony called virginia helped set colony roanoke island island mainland north carolina colony colonists treated indian neighbors poorly indians attacked number times colonists strong decided return england raleigh give helped set colony including children sailed leader named john white built settlement roanoke island english child born named virginia dare weeks later john white returned england supplies war white able roanoke arrived surprised single person vanished clue word carved tree nearby island happened settlers killed captured indians carried fled knows mystery lost colony lives
chapter read jamestown plymouth massachusetts bay colony rhode island struggled survive settlements large continent england country wanted colonies spain settling americas ahead england building colonies america fact jamestown tiny weak spain prosperous settlements france settling european countries starting settlements chapter going read settlers european countries settled countries spain france netherlands sweden nations brought ideas customs stories read show backgrounds helped build country show backgrounds able create american soon voyages christopher columbus spanish began settling read chapter spain took mexico spain took central america parts south america gold silver lands spain soon richest nation europe thousands indians forced mines digging gold silver ground ships carried treasure ocean spain
big crop southern colonies indigo plant bright blue dye indigo important crop south largely teenage girl named eliza lucas daughter rich plantation owner father died took running plantations south carolina spare eliza lucas liked experiment plants studied plants improved grow places developed indigo plant grow south carolina soon planters south carolina heard eliza indigo began grow brought big profits eliza lucas continued experiment plants grew older helped develop industries hemp rope flax linen clothes sheets tablecloths items southern plantations big large numbers farm workers needed hard find white colonists jobs plenty farming land western parts colonies settlers willing plantations farmland west owners big plantations turned slaves land slaves black kidnapped homes africa
monday september fifty delegates meeting days week months leave heat noise philadelphia hurried dinners inn late night arguments home final task remained delegates stepped forward sign document written george washington run meeting delegates signed according home states england south jonathan dayton jersey youngest delegate pennsylvania robert morris richest america word fellow pennsylvanian gouverneur morris relation talked james madison virginia notes record happened philadelphia meeting delegate watched special pride benjamin franklin oldest calmed angry feelings joke story looked washington chair decorated sun horizon franklin looked chair wondered sun rising setting today wondered longer happiness rising setting sun beginning united states
walks woods wears clothes buckskin head raccoon skin cap tail carries rifle bag bullets walk silent stops look ground sniff air moves daniel boone tracking big brown bear kentucky woods kentucky wilderness settlers living soon change thousands follow daniel boone kentucky hundreds thousands continue going farther west wanted settle land start lives land wanted american indians indians rights land thousands farmed hunted roamed asked forced leave piece piece indians grew angry happening losing land bad forced fight indians gain rights lands wonder anger grew decided fight settlers taking land century bitter battle indians settlers beginning century american movement farther westward daniel boone born pennsylvania
louisiana territory step west americans looked lands south west looked started move revolution mexico mexicans won independence spain americans living frontier pleased mexico independent country spanish rulers allowed mexicans trade americans mexican government changed wanted americans trade mexico soon americans traveling city santa fe mexico route traveled known santa fe trail americans rich trading mexicans traded cloth tools hardware mexican silver furs american traders impressed found santa fe santa fe beautiful mansions churches public buildings mexicans dignified cultured americans impressed called vaqueros spanish cowboys read vaqueros page mexico large country lived mexican government invited americans settle texas part mexico soon americans texas outnumbered spanish speaking mexicans things soon americans texas decided wanted govern angered president mexico general antonio santa anna decided teach texans lesson santa anna led army texas army marched town san antonio
north south obviously growing ways north building foundation factories cities railroads south building foundation plantations farms true sides needed north needed south raw cotton crops northerners needed sell manufactured goods southerners south needed north market crops southerners needed manufactured goods northerners produced region fought fiercely congress protect interests north wanted national government charge taxes south didn want south felt taxes hurt agriculture helping north industry problem slavery western territories california wanted enter union free free states slave states union california upset balance power favor north arguments raged congress compromise reached california enter free angered southerners balance runaway slave law written law runaway slaves returned owners angered northerners soon north south arguing bitterly tall awkward named abraham lincoln running senator illinois campaign speech lincoln statement americans remember house divided stand
seen war lincoln promised interfere slavery south war dragged changed mind september signed emancipation proclamation emancipate set free proclamation public announcement proclamation lincoln stated slaves living confederate states free january emancipation proclamation free slaves slaves confederate states wait union army gained control south proclamation announced lincoln decision black troops union army soon black soldiers black sailors fighting union fought hundreds battles received medals bravery daring lincoln called important force union observer watched battle air balloon soldiers gray coats attacked soldiers blue bayonets glistened sun flags flew soldiers charged soon dead wounded covered battlefield smoke gunfire rose battle gettysburg pennsylvania fighting days union army won general lee confederate soldiers civil war battles losses sides high south hurt north lee forces mount major attack
golden spike large nail shines sun colorful crowd gathers crews cooks dishwashers soldiers engineers railroad officials government leaders push forward closer look governor california raises hammer mighty swings hammers golden spike ground nail railroad link california eastern scene took place promontory point utah marked end railroad building race begun railroad companies began laying track central pacific railroad started sacramento california worked eastward union pacific started omaha nebraska worked westward companies built track fast wanted lay track link companies hard workers central pacific dig tunnels sierra nevada mountains high mountain range california workers chinese immigrants workers union pacific irish immigrants american blacks armed axes picks shovels workers leveled land laid track built bridges summer fainted terrible heat winter build sheds tracks going snow kinds weather continued era railroad building underway
american soldiers began fighting germans north africa army landed italy heavy fighting began push axis troops germany quickest germany led france nazis held france germany safe allies prepared invade france millions soldiers gathered britain command general dwight eisenhower called eisenhower ike popular general soldiers knew allies nations working nazis knew invasion coming allies land nazis turned beaches france death traps planted mines sand built machine gun nests cliffs beaches night invasion allied army boarded large fleet ships darkness crossed english channel france dawn june allied troops landed shore fighting heavy days allies beaches germans fought hard allied troops coming france allies began push germans august allies reached paris capital france millions french lined streets cheer allied army soon allies germany allied soldiers found sick angry
snow blows icy airport runway giant plane lands trucks hurry passengers plane carries tons coal food quickly unload plane minutes job plane soon air plane arrives scene repeated winter happened clock berlin airplanes filled sky berlin airport center going war germany divided parts governed britain france soviet union berlin capital germany divided berlin deep inside soviet part germany soviet union allies nazis soon war ended began quarrel soviet union wanted spread form government communism countries tried happening soviets tried berlin soviets blocked roads leading berlin meant supplies big city decided give american pilots flew supplies clock sorts weather landed planes berlin airport months berlin airlift supported berlin soviets gave took road blocks berlin airlift
temperature freezing snow covered ground thousands gathered capitol building john kennedy sworn president united states millions americans watched television home kennedy spoke told thought home ask country ask country young liked kennedy younger presidents full energy liked action moving faster space program set peace corps young americans joined peace corps help kennedy exciting place jfk president november killed assassin john kennedy days president showed full beginnings directions country follow lyndon baines johnson vice president kennedy died president important senator texas vice president knew congress able congress pass law protecting civil rights started called war poverty
continent north america ago europe big continent pacific ocean asia look map page find asia find small water passage north america asia called bering strait ago strait thin strip dry land ice age waters oceans lower ice age began ago earth water part huge ice sheets land bering strait dry land land bridge asia hunt seals bears food clothing gather wild berries roots eat passed groups parts north america rain parts winters cold warm rain groups north america moved farther farther south hunt gather food americans columbus called indians thought indies found settlers calling indians call native americans
columbus born genoa large city italy italy country mediterranean sea columbus boy watched ships harbor talked sailors worked ships sailors showed compass told needle compass pointed north learned held compass faced north east west left south compass helped sailors sail direction columbus learned sailors north star guide finally columbus left home traveled land sea passed grown columbus heard traders say beautiful things indies lands silks spices lands east india china spice islands sail east mediterranean sea camel dry deserts high mountains sea pirates robbers goods silks spices cost land asked columbus traders answered say reach india china sailing west say ships sail trip columbus studied hard read books talked short voyages atlantic ocean
explorers north america estevan estevan black spain america servant spanish explorer explorer soldiers traveled westward land called las floridas atlantic ocean land florida group problems ship wrecked sick died killed captured native americans alive estevan finally escaped moved west estevan friends native americans learned speak language thought magic powers carried gourd rattle decorated gourds medicine small bells feathers estevan led village native americans told rich cities north estevan wished find cities explorers pushed spite hardships lost clothes tried put boat rough water finally ocean pacific europe cross north america governor spain listened estevan estevan find cities gold south mexico city beautiful city capital spain today capital city mexico neighbor south
dutch houses built fit peter lived brick house stories floors front house low porch stoop family spent warm summer evenings side door high backed bench mother father sit visit friends gardens tulips bright flowers planted house patch flax garden strong linen cloth flax garden orchard peach apple trees kitchen important room house eat cooking huge fireplace kitchen filled smell food homemade doughnuts favorite treat peter sure warm doughnut glass cold cider apples big fireplace kitchen warm edge fireplace blue white tiles tiles pictures told stories bible white cloth ruffle hung top fireplace pots kettles hung nearby tall cupboard stood wall top shelves held china dishes plates pewter kind metal lower shelves held fine linens clothing furniture home plain
thousands africans brought america hundred virginia started thousands africans colony homes africa brought virginia slave traders hard colony blacks fifty later times number africans virginia africans brought southern colonies plantations georgia colony started south thirty georgia started colony africans europeans blacks brought colonies started north colonies large plantations need workers traders north bought slaves sold south africans brought skills lived villages west africa warm round farmed herded cattle knew raise food care cattle warm weather africa skilled workers tools weapons iron minerals fine pottery wove dyed cloth beautiful designs colors fine baskets carved figures wood african jobs colonies plantations southern colonies depended africans cleared weeded land
lived towns early england middle town grassy field common belonged town cows sheep town grazed common church school faced common find picture map land common divided lots family built house front lot houses rooms downstairs kitchen parlor bedrooms floor family small farm edge town family helped raised crops corn wheat barley rye land towns small shops blacksmith shop carpenter shop leather goods shop found grist mill grinding grain families grew needed towns worked family built house town help called house raising bee school raising bees church raising bees bees making quilts soap fire departments town turned fight fires family owned fire bucket heavy leather fire formed line water stream
father working hard build flatboat jennie cousin william anxious ohio country land sold cousins sitting log ohio river town called pittsburgh river families building boats workers sawing logs fitting look picture jennie family building flatboat families planned float ohio river find farms ohio valley heard soil rich land farming price low cousins gathering wood resting william glad finally trip appalachian mountains hard steep rocky times thought wagon tip felt sorry horses steep hills yes jennie replied think roughest mother thinks lancaster road hundreds families moving west ohio valley hoped find land farms jennie william families west pittsburgh east coast find routes traveled map traveled covered wagons wagons narrow wheels oak big strong bottoms wagons rode high ground rocks bushes
surveyors stake marked beginning atlanta atlanta busy city south atlanta called means end railroad line later changed railroad built atlantic coast changed atlanta getting products market hard railroads built settlers living eastern georgia northwestern part located settlers settlers government sold land cents acre bought farms hard goods area appalachians hauled products narrow dirt roads hauled rivers flowed mississippi river goods shipped river gulf mexico ship cities atlantic coast rainy weather farmers took wheels wagons put sled runners horses pulled wagon sleds muddy roads railroads built rail lines moving west mississippi coming valleys appalachian mountains tennessee surveyors stake ground atlanta government hoped railroad carry goods bring settlers western georgia
today products farms atlanta beans sweet potatoes peanuts corn tobacco cotton peaches fruits grown nearby chickens beef cattle dairy cattle raised farm products processing plants atlanta farmers atlanta planted cotton cotton grows summers southeast atlanta important money crop cotton plants grew america columbus native americans wearing cotton clothing columbus arrived america reason columbus thought india seen cotton cloth traders brought europe east colonists south tried raise cotton cotton raised virginia carolinas raising cotton problems took pick cotton took longer remove seeds pound cotton fiber farmers decided money raising crops england machines invented cotton cloth soon machines england cotton needed farmers decided try growing cotton slaves africa plant weed pick cotton took person pull seeds hand pound cotton fibers eli whitney cotton engine cotton important crop inventor named eli whitney worked idea machine remove seeds cotton
factories kinds seattle busy place factories waterfront seattle cities puget sound fish canneries kinds fish canned canneries busy round large plants freeze fish vegetables fruit meats products sold markets newer food industries prepares potatoes ways ground dried potato flakes powder mashed potatoes cut shapes sizes frozen packaged market rich pasture land seattle dairy cattle city butter cheese sawmills puget sound strict rules water pollution lumber wood products shipped seattle harbor beef cattle raised ranches cattle sheep seattle meat packed shipped cities ships aircraft manufactured seattle nearby cities largest jet plane factories seattle thousands shipping big industry ships carry silks spices tea days early trading ships bring bananas coffee south america ships japan loaded cars tv sets cameras
sunshine brought movies los motion pictures doors los movie companies knew sun shine bought land los making movies big industry movie companies mountain desert ocean picture going miles hollywood city part los known movie capital today television big business los tv industry actors course names lee marvin mary tyler moore robert carol burnett cameras agnes de mille trained dancers dances films stage oranges important crop raised los remember priests spain brought orange seeds climate california spain priests planted seeds dug ditches bring water river young trees trees grew passed farmers nearby began plant orange seeds railroads los oranges shipped part united states main crop young city kinds oranges kinds grown ship sell orange named city spain
los harbor pacific ocean twenty miles kilometers york city seattle cities began deep waterways los knew harbor helps city grow built harbor place harbor bay twenty miles center city bay deep big large ships los spent lot money bay harbor united states government gave money today los harbor largest busiest los bought narrow strip land connect harbor city strip called shoestring map page wharves built harbor breakwater wall built lake ocean breaks waves pounding shore helps waves carrying sand harbor breakwater port los huge rocks stands fourteen feet meters surface ocean big pumps suck sand mud floor harbor inside breakwater helps harbor deep large ships wharves warehouses built harbor shore
margaret mead born city philadelphia father taught university mother social worker worked immigrants child margaret learn ways lands margaret grandmother lived family school principal grandmother mother taught margaret notebook taught notes wrote younger sisters grew wrote played margaret liked learned watch careful records margaret family thought teach part education home college took class anthropology margaret decided study career margaret saw real learn live modern ways living spreading primitive peoples left margaret afraid late find group study chose village samoa samoa group islands south pacific ocean find samoa map margaret worked hard ready samoa studied languages samoan read learned homes food ceremonies past taboos taboos things allowed
john muir loved things nature worried destroying trees lands rivers united states hated useless killing animals birds worked woods fields swamps streams ruin john muir born scotland home fishing village coast friends played shore climbed rocky cliffs ran fields watched birds insects john began going school liked stories birds animals readers later hard night learn lessons latin french english grammar john moved america family night john father home big news re going america john sister brother father sailed united states mother sisters brother stayed john father found land farm wilds wisconsin john worked hard helped clear stumps land trees cut helped dig water helped build home rest family america john found fields forests watched birds animals
ago girl aged ten stood waiting father barber shop smell sweet scent shaving soap lotion heard snip snip father scissors cut hair young margaret chase listened customers talked spoke things president discussed government told liked didn margaret knew leader united states government margaret waiting father finish tonight going lake margaret father mother brother sisters going picnic margaret fixed dinner packed picnic baskets ready soon mother home job hotel father finish customers waiting margaret chase lived family maine town native american started island middle kennebec river point water flows huge rocks makes beautiful falls find kennebec river map page river important past native american trail early settlers river float logs downstream ocean logs building ships chase family money george chase earned fifteen cents giving shave haircut
earth ways places live ways important ways need fresh water kinds food order live need order form families protect danger need order learn teach need order enjoy feel feel part worth living order meet needs form families groups families called communities communities small temporary villages huge cities millions today communities linked nations groups territory area land history government learn unit earth forming families communities larger groups communities ago basic needs today ago food getting skills knew farm herd sheep cattle bring water dry croplands ago lived affected lives today ago move place place faster horse run crops cargoes moved place place quickly beasts burden sail powered boats carry
plateaus high flat land plateau rises sharply side rises sharply sides table sitting floor landform called tableland mesa spanish word table look map pages find major plateau regions compare regions rainfall map page plateau regions generally areas deal rainfall plains level lands high sea level map pages shows names locations major plains regions heavily populated land areas earth plains think reasons connections height land land live drawing page shows connections plains plateau regions plains thick rainy forests cold dry wastelands plateaus dry hot grasslands cool rolling hills covered tall trees order talk differences earth land term climate climate means hot cold wet dry place earth climates grouped types type special combination yearly temperatures yearly precipitation moisture form rain snow
times distant past earth climate cooled glaciers built spread nearly land places enormous ice sheets cut earth surface places glaciers smoothed tops mountains dumped rock soil glaciers began melt rivers lakes lakes united states canada wind moving water change face earth strong winds pick soil place dump rivers cut land carrying soil hundreds thousands miles sea eats coastlines deposits sand action wind water earth surface called erosion erosion taking place millions worn mountains appalachians carved solid rock fantastic natural sculptures millions tiny trickles water hollowed caves earth built icicles rock caves look fairyland castles forces small changed surface earth past today equator imaginary line drawn maps globes divides earth northern southern halves hemispheres imaginary lines circle earth north south equator lines run parallel equator called parallels lines latitude parallels north equator
roman empire spread law language latin rome greatest contributions civilization area brought roman control brought roman system justice roman law spelled exactly roman knew laws knew treated equally rome gained territory roman courts set conquered allowed rules customs obey roman law person empire law roman law important influence future civilizations basis law countries europe today latin language spread roman law roman soldiers encouraged settle lands language adopted native european languages grew latin spanish french italian main english latin language words latin words republic senate meanings system roman empire system roads roman soldiers captured city built sturdy road connect rome road markers showed distance center rome roads lead rome
jean danton dreamed going boy clear days village born pyrenees mountains jean looked north saw stone towers city count lord jean village owed allegiance count lived castle village months ago jean lucky learning cut wheat field father teaching swing big scythe suddenly horse galloped nearby wood young boy fall bolting horse jean ran horse paused stone wall jean grabbed bridle hands young boy jumped safely ground jean knew boy count son count rode minutes later offered jean reward saved son count asked month jean answered count exactly weeks later jean rode company lord road met knights air filled dust raised hooves hundreds horses castles direction knights coming part annual tournament days knights compete jousting war games
taiping twins grandfather gave dog twins grandfather dog grew older spring morning taiping ran village peking ran earthen dike separated rice fields running cried grandfather tell saying taiping twins knew important things knew grandfather lin oldest village knew wise knew loved taiping ask grandfather questions spring grandfather lin favorite morning dawn walked slowly peach tree sat till sun grandfather lin saw taiping wiped tears listened taiping asked twins started talking move dying want live dog tell live twins stopped grandfather lin waited raised hand head pointed small bright green leaves branches peach tree twins looked moving hand grandfather lin spoke snow begins fall find leaves asked
culture objects appreciate beauty cultures consider colors shapes materials pleasing beautiful look photos tell pieces art artists culture tell guess part photos live guess kind climate live clues clothing cultures special ways dressing foreign countries look picture class say americans tell clothes wearing sneakers blue jeans shirts religious beliefs strongly affect act instance hindus india believe cows sacred holy let cows smash gardens stop traffic crowded city street annoyance hindus breaking religious beliefs pain worry beliefs read book strange religious beliefs hard understand religious beliefs part entire culture learn easily religious beliefs hard understand deep things hard understand
mohammed al accountant works large oil company mohammed born tent small coastal village show saudi arabia oil wealth modernize country lives saudi families changed forever oil mohammed father moved family larger town found shopkeeper assistant later opened store school sure son mohammed daughter took advantage free schools provided government mohammed separate schools home booming oil industry provided jobs mohammed friends young studied government schools trained technical jobs mohammed job oil company clerk soon boss recommended courses company school later mohammed enrolled american university company paid expenses studied united states returned promoted head accounting department mohammed sister graduated saudi arabian university education paid government teaches girls school town ras saudi arabian women allowed offices generation ago impossible attend school
japan history lived extended families head family expected complete obedience family members return responsible providing food wealth family rank permitted japan past individual look forward family true peasant family samurai family noble landowning family family important loyalty obedience sense duty family members stressed spank shout young children wrong hint displeased family hint frightening support family person today especially crowded cities japanese families nuclear families parents children living japanese cities large living spaces hard find expensive large numbers relatives afford live children grow leave college job industry start families provided company family ties strong japan jobs industry women family important japanese father husband lord master
share land australia famous animal kangaroo kinds kangaroos bigger squirrels rabbits known big gray red kangaroos stand taller feet meters glance big gentle slightly clumsy animals spend grazing plants moving slow footed walk danger threatens kangaroos suddenly creatures bounding smoothly powerful rear legs reach speeds miles kilometers hour balanced thick tail gentle roo lash legs claws feet daggers kangaroos enemies eagles python snakes giant lizards prey baby joeys packs wild dogs hunt kangaroos farmers ranchers think pests shoot aborigines hunted kangaroos kangaroos face constant search food water share ways surviving instance live small groups need land feed large drought drys water place move kangaroo group called mob travel hundreds miles parts australia dry vast sheep cattle ranches spread land coming ranchers bad smaller kangaroos
seen nigeria developing economy poor farmers small middle class fairly high standard living developed economies modern farming machines methods small number grow huge amounts food result farmers small percentage population developed economies hand large numbers fairly high standard living belong middle classes developed economies produce huge amounts goods services person income nations developed economy developed economies chapter economic systems largest wealthiest countries united states soviet union countries economic systems differ ways united states soviet union large countries rich natural resources soil mineral deposits populations million nations produce wide range goods services united states produces goods services nation earth soviet union produces half united states soviet union ranks manufacturing study climate map pages farmland map page
rock group entered stadium crowd began cheer electric guitars spilled notes cheers grew louder end song thousands singing typical concert known american rock group difference concert taking place soviet union recent kind culture bridge built united states soviet union rock music thing crossed bridge wasn easy soviet officials tried listening rock despite government thought rock soviet young loved visitors soviet union report rock music american product demand soviet citizens eager buy things american blue jeans cosmetics bubble gum soviet economic planners consider items important commanded items produced soviet factories produce items quantities small quality poor result soviet citizens pay high prices imported goods find goods paid american shirt shirt cost united states soviets paid pair american jeans culture bridge runs ways famous soviet ballet companies soviet circus toured united states
earth island deep black ocean space islands thinking creatures live planets circling distant stars trying find huge radio telescopes listen signals space send signals radio signals travel quickly distances space radio signal earth today reach nearest star stars farther receive signal space hundreds thousands ago reply reach sender sending slower messages messages notes bottles set adrift shipwrecked sailors bottles spacecraft pioneer voyager launched craft moving steadily solar system deep space notes pictures aboard pioneers special phonograph records voyagers pioneer pictures fairly simple show humans look give scientific facts earth voyager phonograph records hold information space creature played hear greetings human languages greeting song whale space creature hear minutes earth music navajo indian chant symphony part record played television pictures
program nepal planned problems clear experts start provide supply water water pipes ended backbreaking hauling water miles clean water drink children health improved women families children school unfortunately nepal poor countries schools teachers worked government nepal problem gave supplies textbooks chalk blackboards roofing materials school buildings government built schools trained teachers teach students additional problem teachers nepal believe girls taught female teachers teachers special program set train women teachers teachers girls boys programs help thousands children grow healthy able adults health knowledge able children despite successes programs united nations partially successful achieving goal preventing wars result efforts wars shortened spreading lands nations resort war settle differences success main goals promoting human dignity social progress
cities built sea future cities float gently flowers surface sea opposite page idea city city float deep sea hollow water filled legs submerged legs hold platforms high waves platforms apartments stores buildings city apartments built family views rising setting sun city power nuclear solar travel city escalators elevators moving sidewalks city grow easily platforms built floated attached needed floating cities located miles land warm climates travel cities helicopter kinds ships dreamed shining cities sea dreamed cities beneath sea earth lies oceans rich minerals plant animal unending challenge mystery plans undersea cities proposed involve technology diving submarines someday live undersea communities protected domes sea enormous pressure mining ocean floors seawater grow food laser lit gardens
english prove successful building colonies sending immigrants turning point england spanish armada fleet ships defeated england victory england practically mistress seas guardian atlantic sea routes america reason england success building colonies growth manufacturing england manufacturing nation quickly countries european continent country sell things grew rich faster countries europe afford set colonies easily colonies successful expected buy things england situation trouble later beginning accepted colonies desirable producing selling raw materials manufacturing country needed buying goods manufacturing country arrangement idea england colonies england try colonization failed sir humphrey gilbert urged search northwest passage unable build permanent colony newfoundland half brother famous sir walter raleigh tried failed found colony america sir walter wanted establish colony warmer part north america sir humphrey place chose called virginia
stiff quality puritan unattractive left massachusetts bay colony set colonies liking ideas looked dangerous roger williams minister salem minister england believed puritans succeed purifying english church reason emigrated massachusetts williams greatly differed puritans massachusetts counts thing believed force worship felt sabbath crime roger williams friend governor winthrop friendship help driven church salem fled narragansett bay area bought land indians providence city located rhode island roger williams founded colony unlike massachusetts bay colony separation church rhode island religious matters left church government affairs left government longer worship wished tax levied force support church chose sunday believed faiths puritanism live peace worship churches
opening battles unified colonies continental congress succeeded continental congress met began act government named george washington commander colonial troops appointed group arouse sympathy help europe issued money pay soldiers sailors buy war supplies congress took steps continental congress ready break england appealed king rid laws believed bad blamed parliament happening declared loyalty crown ambitious design separating britain pleasing parliament king appeal angered parliament increased soldiers fight colonists king george iii declared colonists rebellion crown act george iii hated symbol oppressed colonists thomas paine pamphlet common sense encouraged view argued cleverly emotionally colonies break england sun shined greater worth tis affair city country province kingdom continent seed continental union paine continued blood slain weeping voice nature cries tis part
washington administration hard act follow washington america peace europe adoption hamilton financial plan put america economy sound basis authority government established washington point pride record achievement escape criticism felt wanted king hated urged hamilton program nation newspaper say washington left office rejoicing source misfortunes country continued newspaper reduced level fellow citizens certainly think washington deserved countrymen actually washington popular americans asked serve declined set broken franklin roosevelt elected president times washington administration political parties began form washington policies favored federalists republicans republican party power sought find fault policies opponents washington choice full electoral college election party considerations played big part federalists agree candidate
difficult describe briefly farm rural jacksonian era obviously lifestyles differed section country lived england mid west south style generally farther east lived settled home bigger attractive comforts conveniences compared closer frontier south plantation increasingly important plantation owed growth advent cotton gin slave labor west appalachian mountains stretches prairie region america extends appalachians plains watered mississippi river branches fertile regions soil thick free stones ideally suited farm machinery farming mainly labor hand iron plow farm machinery worthy improved plow steel invented illinois steel plow enabled farmers cultivate land reap sowed cyrus mccormick solution problem invented horse drawn mechanical reaper role opening west wheat corn cotton gin opening south cotton
part south defense peculiar institution slaves looked master money worth sick slave advantage feed clothe shelter decently slave according view entitled plain plentiful food coarse comfortable clothing warm place live standards south worker northern factory hope actually slaves live compared poor whites free blacks lowest paid white factory workers lived lower levels comfort southern slave code required slaves fed food plantation produced land cash crop crop sold money cotton tobacco food short supply masters willing spend money buy food grow clothing house slaves dressed dressed add luster master house family overwhelming majority blacks poorly inadequately clothed cheapest cloth especially slaves frederick douglass reported slave child nudity shoes stockings jacket trousers coarse sackcloth tow linen sort shirt reaching knees wore night changing week
according constitution major presidential appointment requires approval senate presidential dismissal official requires approval senate direct attempt confront johnson congress passed tenure office act act passed johnson veto according president seek senatorial approval decided dismiss high government official johnson took congressional challenge dismissing secretary war stanton johnson thought radical republican stanton sympathy policies johnson act violation tenure office act impeachment proceedings set motion february house representatives vote accused president violations tenure office act march chief justice salmon chase ohio presiding trial begun senate charges johnson violation act congress real issue reconstruction carried thirds vote present senate required conviction half members senate voted declare president guilty charged final vote conviction fell vote short required thirds senate congressional reconstruction begun ended congressional reconstruction called black reconstruction labelled radical republicans determined blacks vote part national affairs
civil war newly freed slaves immigrants sought opportunity america find freedom reluctant nation nation reluctant grant equality education job opportunity found south north found farms factories majority black questions answers south black tied land black longer slave system farming developed generally denied ownership land part sharecropping system system farmed fraction profits worked earn despite booker washington frederick douglass urged black remain south washington urged slave befriend neighbor southerner blacks cast buckets find opportunity washington urged blacks learn specific practical skills higher skills professions education integration white society later douglass felt black live injustice south job government protect lived contrary views leaders blacks began moving cities north south
polk administration united states colombia isthmus panama belonged agreed united states intervene area protect free passage isthmus area frequent revolution united states send troops area fairly united states interest building canal oceans france interested england england united states signed clayton treaty according terms countries agreed canal built open equal terms nations french company leadership ferdinand de lesseps began build canal isthmus panama de lesseps built suez canal american company started building canal built nicaragua company believed superior route plans failed need canal dramatized inability american battleship oregon participate spanish american war clamor canal mounted according hay pauncefote treaty united states england agreed united states build canal treaty provided canal open nations theodore roosevelt determined build canal questions needed answered concerned route canal
city creature creates city city powers states specifically forbidden united states constitution chapter city governments allowed constitution main forms city governments important mayor council commission council manager mayor council type government regarded miniature version form national government chief executive mayor helped council lawmaking body body consists house form city government mayor official elected fixed number mayor council form city government general types mayor powers responsible administration city power govern city need approval council cases mayor powers case council collectively power mayor figurehead mayor participates ceremonial occasions real power hands city council mayor council forms city government strong mayor york city los regarded city weak mayor form government
important progressive movement encouragement gave private efforts reform progressive widespread interest humanitarianism humanitarian concerned welfare progressives sought devote lives aid underprivileged america concerned problems city slums poverty crime order underprivileged ails charles lusk autocrats published wrote city dark continent century meant knew city live ask fathom vast deep mystery city effort fathom mystery city called social gospel movement movement largely centered protestant churches churches supported social darwinism social darwinism held worldly material wealth reward hard superior talents poor simply effort ability prosper churches found larger numbers urban neighbors poor began examine nature poverty poor sinful sinful poor
stock exchange thought market shares industry bought sold investors think corporation likely big profit invest money purchasing shares think afford corporation share profits investors join buying shares corporation price shares stock exchange investor sell shares originally bought profit invested money shares corporations prevent investing borrowed money stock market climbed higher higher soon end invest american industry wealth assured shares american industry form investment land boom florida investment real estate common mistake think market market prices happy prices rose sad fell crash stock market reasons predicted surprise agreement historians crash deepest depression nation experienced
democrats met chicago weeks republican convention succeeded nominating candidate circumstances cost election hubert humphrey minnesota convention clearly front runner early february known senator eugene mccarthy minnesota challenged president johnson hopes reelection mccarthy ran outright dove peace candidate hampshire primary voters strong preference voting mccarthy antiwar position successful mccarthy showing hampshire robert kennedy earlier decided wait trying presidency declared candidacy challenged president urged end vietnam war withdrawal president johnson race march likely power talent charisma magic kennedy family won presidential nomination democratic party robert kennedy june night california primary robert kennedy assassinated arab nationalist hated kennedy support israel months assassination martin luther king nation aghast levels crime violence reached america torn disunited democratic party gathered chicago choose nominee convention marked dominance political organization led mayor richard daley chicago
war vietnam welfare american home neglected inflation prices rising rate faster pay american workers unemployment working unemployment rate rose percent labor force days depression unemployment stood high blacks puerto ricans chicanos american minorities rate unemployment double labor force problem unfavorable balance trade united states buying foreign countries buying inflation outflow gold weakened american dollar tourists europe exchange dollar fewer german marks french francs dutch guilders found dollar worth nixon preferred tamper nation economy view run winding war free enterprise system bring needed adjustments nixon faith free enterprise system began falter saw economy going adjust nixon ready run reelection range efforts help poor number
congressmen taking hard look space program clear outer space place spend limited funds spent outer space explore ocean depths funds conduct research medicine prolong delay effects aging cure eliminate disease areas progress looked achieve major breakthrough continuing battle lengthen retain health vitality area physics tiny transistors developed tiny radios small portable television sets small hearing aids miniature circuits needed computer technology lasers developed consisted special beam light cut steel sheets hand perform delicate surgical operations developments physics explorations biology knowledge heredity increased genes chromosomes determine color eyes shade hair shape features clearly understood james watson devised model molecular structure nucleic acid dna dna serves carry genetic information generation scientists successfully isolated gene artificial creation human test tube longer considered farfetched
johnny limped fast boys left johnny hated hated school hated reading room forgot limp baseball book table johnny picked eagerly johnny sat turning pages staring pictures players walls room stretch daydream saw ball park crowd cheering shouting johnny hit boy bases loaded johnny stood ready swing ball crack sailed johnny started run flying feet touched base raced base past heard roar crowd ball bounced fielder johnny raced slid home safe johnny rubbed eyes walls room closed knew dream bat baseball run faster faster crowd cheered read baseball books slide home plate game baseball team shadow fell johnny covered book arms knew boys class laughed talked baseball
anya ran hurried country road wait home tell mama valentines reached gate stood moment looking house mama papa lived house look weather beaten farmhouse anya wonderful house america wonderful thought anya children school laughed tomorrow fun starting tomorrow valentines going american mama anya called opening door papa maybe town truck buy valentines mama answer town papa today lonesome mama anya speak american thoughts jumped valentines gay valentine box miss riggs brought school morning big surprise anya learned tomorrow valentine bring valentines drop red white box school anya stood miss riggs waiting quietly told speak buy valentines asked ten cent store miss riggs pretty red white paper
splash splash kick kick faster faster faster jane lifted head quick look slowed coasted fingers touched smooth cool wall end pool pulled water mary captain girls swimming team smiled watching practicing team jane pleased wanted dive pool swim faster blue eyes shining think practicing practicing mary answered chance try team tomorrow jane felt warm happy hurried clothes wait told mother father chance swimming team wouldn proud daughter youngest girl team suddenly jane noticed clock wall late wouldn homework dinner books thought pulled clothes study home tonight dinner jane pushed open door classroom miss banks teacher looked pile papers marking hello thinking jane jane walked quickly past teacher desk books
dog billy answered friendly dog kind dog bulldog tom replied proudly fine show dog say funny dog supposed hold ears don billy ears look looked pep unhappily pep wasn tom thought crawled billy ran circles barking billy noticed dog limping fighting fact stopped think pep fought lot dog friendly dog tom importantly taking doctor going shots billy walk walked tried think stories tell tom pep wasn making excuses pep looked want tom understand pep special dog ears hang told tom easy train pep carry pair slippers newspaper mouth told pep sitting corner kitchen wanted fed billy told tom pep liked ride car looking window left
dick stood end baseball field bag home plate sun felt pushed cap grinned joe pitch yelled hit today ball curved dick didn bother swing ball shouted throwing bat running ball bushes tossed ball joe called throw straight ball left home plate dick climb fence chase ball began feel hot angry shirt sticking scratched knee fence look called joe home plate trying throw ball straight joe shouted hit ball fence dick shouted angrily couldn throw straight ball ruler joe climbed fence picked ball tossed dick pushed bushes path hey joe going dick shouted going home don want play joe called turning cares dick called care sunshiny saturday month play
peter slipped bed dark knew hurry pulled clothes heard circus train railroad siding cornfield listened door moment tiptoeing shadowy hallway house quiet peaceful moved carefully stairs bare feet reached step thought heard floor board creak jimmy room peter frowned fearful brother awakened stood listening thinking hope jimmy wake won tagging sound jimmy room peter tiptoed hall door listened eased door open slipped darkness peter shape oak trees moonless sky silvery stars crowding sky reminded shiny pins crowded mother blue pincushion moment deep lonesome ache mother want cry door creaked turning peter started running yard cornfield guess didn close door tightly sure jimmy didn hear unhappy angry deep inside think jimmy mother hospital sick hugged peter tightly
eddie father stood eyes fixed son stony stare eddie faced angry father fearfully didn touch mrs baby didn baby heard mrs calling eddie father roared didn stop want mrs baby carriage anyway didn want baby carriage answered eddie baby didn want shouted saw mrs carriage yard pushed street fast run tell didn want tell eddie knew going hard making father understand quickest find needed going win race week father watching baby carriages wheels turn faster kind care father asked re going re race week think win wheels wheels mrs baby carriage thought began eddie stopped didn wanted find mrs carriage easier push trial run eddie father glad eddie interest learning things worked
big overcoat cap tried walk quietly stir passed heads turned look hospital hallway stared whispered excitedly big king baseball hit home runs player walk street cheering crowds quiet halls hospital babe ruth stopped front door took cap signaled wait hall walked room young boy lay sick boy want live pain hung thick heavy curtain want medicines doctors ordered want eat talk open eyes stranger voice broke heavy curtain pain slowly sick boy forced eyes open wide blinked thinking dream fade opened eyes staring greatest baseball player sitting bed johnny sylvester closed eyes quickly hospital mind whirled terrible dreams fought wake
jack hill bounced basketball carelessly walking street pretended didn notice laughter shouting boys playing basketball sandy parker house corner eye saw boys stop playing hey jack called ball pal pal boys called difference owning basketball boy brick eagerly looks real cowhide jack toss pass haven jack trying hide pleased boys noticed jack sandy coaxed try basket let ball looks tell bouncing sidewalk jack took crossing opposite side street pretended didn care liked ball walked center free throw line took careful aim flipped overhand shot basket ball left fingers knew shot ball bounced basket sandy jumped air grabbing bounced snapped quick pass brick brick took bounces whirled shooting ball bob bob passed sandy sandy popped basket end court hey jack shouted getting mad
hundred ago country sea walking town called dusty road voice filled air singing brother francis sing walked town town bringing help comfort needed sang sun warmed rushing waters stream cooled tired feet sang birds animals loved god brother francis drew city stopped singing faithfully watching sheep blossom covered hillsides merry children running meet brother francis quickened step hurried gates city reached found closed knocked gates quickly opened soon stepped inside quickly closed trembling voices told brother francis terrible fear wolf appeared neighborhood wander countryside night killing sheep goats attacking met children longer run play flowered hillsides bravest afraid guard sheep reap wheat fields
rattle reaper stopped cloud dust tossing reins younger brother cyrus mccormick thing barn bill moment william stared speechless surprise cried thought success mean cut wheat didn cyrus turned father face sad discouraged father sighed mccormick looked surprised william cut wheat cyrus reaper sure reaper william piped wheat farmer neighborhood want fact bet farmer country want cyrus pointed line fallen wheat wheel reaper look machine knocks wheat knocked william think farmers save pay bit wheat lost won care lose think care william replied cyrus farmers want machine cuts wheat cut hand cut faster reaper cut faster cut farmers don lose wheat cut hand
lived rich king named midas loved gold gathered gold buy find locked underground room palace midas loved gold daughter marygold brought buttercups say child golden look worth picking king midas underground room palace locking door count recount gold money heavy bag whisper midas happy gold king midas treasure room shadow fell piles gold looking quickly saw stranger standing smiling stranger looked gold room turned king midas rich friend midas doubt walls earth hold gold king midas sighed aloud shook head think gather live hundreds grow rich happy exclaimed stranger king midas shook head longer hard gather treasures cried
winter afternoon young indian boy paddled swiftly stretch sandy shore morning bird left place forest nearly hundred braves father tribe camped morning village white feast feast give thanks grain white harvested coming land massasoit morning bird father chief tribe braves hunting killed large deer planned bring white share feast morning bird slid canoe lightly brush feather sand climbed path led edge woodland white village morning bird place times silently hidden bushes watch strange going queer houses seen ship sailed sea rested water white bird caught sight morning bird thought giant canoe wings moons later ship brave morning bird edge woods looked village cold weather smoke rising chimneys houses
johann riehl hiding low stone wall peered children going boy johann age girl younger morning johann lay stone wall watched breathlessly goblins whispered safely goblins course johann knew word goblins special meaning johann sea germany johann uncle johann parents begged america shake head fighting goblins strange words round round johann head finally mother mother goblins iowa mother laughed johann uncle means strange ways meet english language fearsome goblins longer young strong heart beat johann heart young strong hid deep growing worry didn fear english language spent learning strange americans boys age remembered uncle told american children creatures play baseball eat pie ice cream
johann reached huge overalls pants pocket fingers closed report card started pull hand stopped couldn show report card school germany couldn forget miss swift asked understanding mind tomorrow put peter today bell rang peter johann want play johann answered baseball remembering uncle thing knew peter putting sort club hand pushed place facing boy ball suddenly ball coming johann gave surprised yell held club hit ball cracked club shot head boy thrown eager hands pushed johann run joe run run tried run tangled feet overalls slipping shoulders run eager hands pushed pulled turning big circle suddenly stumbled fell forward started home run home run boys shouted johann tried pins overalls undone peter hurrying help don worry johann returned seat
times seen animals move migrate birds fly south warmer places fall return north spring plenty food water animals migrate find water times large herds animals move distances search water holes summer humpback whales swim warm waters arctic ocean plenty food cold waters whales remain winter feeding young shrimp tiny animals bodies store lot fat fat bodies move thousands kilometers warmer waters salmon lay eggs fresh water lakes streams connected water ocean eggs settle bottom water eggs hatch young fish live fresh water move stream ocean spring later salmon return fresh water lakes streams fact stream hatched swim km return lake stream sure find stream maybe sun stars help find maybe fish sense things water help find
soon young geese hatch follow mothers behavior called imprinting konrad lorenz interested studying behaving wondered change geese behaved lorenz separated eggs laid female goose groups group eggs hatched mother goose young geese behaved mothers soon hatching group eggs hatched box heated young geese mother hatched young geese saw lorenz mother goose behaved lorenz mother lorenz geese box real mother box young geese saw real mother paid attention animals learn ways behaving trying things squirrels raised grown squirrels nuts crack open squirrels tried open nut hard took lot chewed shell places nut broke open pieces took squirrels able open nuts opening nuts squirrels finally found open nut learned trying things
garden growing kinds vegetables eat plants shapes sizes alike ways thing need sunlight grow think ways alike close look soil garden find worms ants maybe birds looking worms rabbit eating plants worms ants birds rabbits alike ways think ways living things look living things alike living things tiny parts called cells looking special tools making things look bigger cells science happens tools lead exciting discoveries oak tree butterfly whale tulip alike cells cells billions simple living things cell cells smallest parts living things cells called building blocks living things cells discovered things look bigger
morning wash warm water hot cereal hot drink breakfast feel warm house cold things heat energy heat energy ways cooked food hot water warm homes heat energy heat energy engines motors stop cars buses airplanes ships driven heat burning fuels stop heat impossible heat foods run machinery produce electrical energy heat form energy forms energy seen heat answer let review states matter matter tiny bits called particles particles atoms groups atoms called molecules solids liquids particles move rapidly solids held place move liquids particles move freely held tightly gases fly directions bumping bouncing heat energy amount matter rapidly particles matter move moving particles happens move noticed spaces bridges
air molecules heated begin move faster farther molecules move farther fewer space warm air dense cool air cooler denser air moves pushes warmer dense air upward air moves convection currents formed seen chimes birthday holiday candles lighted figures move center post chimes ring figures move candles lighted title newspaper story words heat energy think mean thing words meaning words mean things let find temperature temperature matter idea fast particles moving particles moving quickly higher temperature kinds particles moving slowly water comes hot water tap home temperature water comes cold water tap lower temperature molecules moving cold water moving hot water cold water moving slowly describe temperatures slowly moving molecules low temperatures rapidly moving high
iceland hot water hot springs pumped streets warm houses neighborhoods york city steam steam plants piped buildings heating move heat energy ways places heat energy changed electrical energy power plants electrical energy distances wires energy heat toast bread boil water dry hair likely things home electrical energy heat look inside things find wires coils electric current moves wires hot happening inside wires heat story help understand warm riding car lane highway cars moving quickly ride pleasant car windows open change highway repaired cars turn narrow sandy road cars moving speed narrow road crowded cars return highway move easily electric current moves easily wires electric current crowded thin wire heat produced heat energy sun
lot weather notice look sky clear covered clouds hear drops rain beating sidewalk hear rumble thunder feel warm cold outdoors feel air damp dry learn lot hear feel weather big difference farmers need weather healthy crops storm fog pilot wait hours plane weather helpful wind airplane faster blowing direction airplane moving cares weather want weather plan found weather instruments help study weather build instruments help find weather rainy sky clear sunny weather happening air place places kinds weather rain side city dry side need give place talk weather
water vapor carried ground molecules water vapor mass parts air molecules carried higher cooler levels height ground temperature reached tiny drops liquid water form bits solid matter dust tiny drops water place cloud formed air cold ice crystals form cloud billions tiny drops water ice crystals clouds shapes sizes cirrus means curl clouds look white soft feathers called cirrus clouds formed high atmosphere clouds ice crystals think cirrus clouds ice crystals tiny drops water cirrus clouds formed fair weather sign change weather stratus means layered stratus clouds cover sky thick blanket stratus clouds bring rainy weather cumulus means heap white fluffy clouds seen fair weather kinds clouds kinds clouds days record clouds sky record kind weather follows cloud water vapor added cloud cloud cools begin happen
warm humid air cover land bring hot sticky weather lasts days morning wake find suddenly cool pleasant happened cold air mass moved sleeping brought welcome change weather air air mass temperature humidity air masses cover millions square kilometers air part earth stay remember parts earth heat rates air mass depending formed air mass warm cold humid dry formed north pole air cold dry formed warm tropical ocean air warm humid air mass formed winds begin move arrows show paths air masses north america follow weather place depend kind air mass moving air mass moves takes place place air masses meet called front cold dry air mass moved place warmer air mass front called cold front
found ways things need ocean salt kinds matter ocean gold silver sea cost cost gathering small amount gold times worth searching cheaper ways resources ocean greatest resource ocean water pure water places earth water faster put ways separating water salt costs deal find cheaper large amounts fresh water ocean deep ocean floor lumps manganese kinds matter matter part seawater sank ocean bottom large amounts ocean floor covered deposits continental shelf deep ocean floor resources shelf huge amounts sand gravel sand gravel gold silver diamonds rock beneath ocean bottom lie valuable stores oil gas riches holes drilled rock oil gas pumped beginning mine riches sea
kinds plants animals live ocean shores level ocean rise fall water level called tide high tides low tides water level change meters high low tide kinds plants animals live places water level stay alive waves crash shore protect animals dig sand live surface beneath sand protected fish shore birds feed kind animal lives ocean shore hermit crab animal lives empty shells animals live empty shells shells protect enemies hermit crab claws larger hermit crab senses danger large claw close opening shell high tide plants animals living dock covered water low tide longer covered wait high tide comes fastened dock barnacles mussels move animals starfish able move water level low arm starfish lined small feet suction cups ends
tons plankton grow open ocean kinds fishes sea animals feed plankton larger fishes sharks tuna feed smaller animals whales found open ocean groups whales group teeth feeds fish group known toothed whales group whales teeth whales stiff matter hangs upper jaw matter called baleen traps strains small plants animals water baleen whales feed swimming slow speeds mouths open small plants animals water swallowed whales tongues wipe baleen clean move food stomachs whales breathe whales lungs breathe air dive whales fill lungs air air hour underwater toothed whales opening top heads called blowhole baleen whales blowholes places breathe air blow waste gases whales rid gases water shoots air whales spouting matter whales paints medicines perfumes soaps foods lot oil fat beneath skins whales parts eat whale meat
want burn food wanted find number kilocalories reason scientists measured number kilocalories foods chart shows portions required foods produce equal number kilocalories gram fat found produce kilocalories gram carbohydrate gram protein produce kilocalories suppose energy grams butter fat kilocalories heat produced think happens feel cold body losing heat order warm decide put clothing clothing helps heat wear heat heat comes slow burning food body living things warm blooded matter temperature air body stay warm temperature food eat fuel keeps warm important choices foods eat foods choose give energy need tasks able food grow repair cells stay warm order care body needs choose foods groups sick eat foods need healthy body happen
protecting ill trying cure sick try stay healthy getting rest eating kinds food important exercise skin clean skin body protecting germs skin broken chance germs skin enter body easiest germs enter nose mouth try remember wash hands eat try hands face germs likely trapped lining mouth throat intestine sick body protected germs remember white blood cells destroy germs enter tissues body body fights germs substances called antibodies antibodies matter attacks germs antibodies easier white blood cells surround germs germs stick bunches spread body destroy germs dissolving changing toxins substances harm antibodies act differently defenses germs kind antibody attacks kind germ toxin typhoid germs inside body body makes antibody attacks typhoid germ
things body part birth things changed things changed improve strength skill sport eat kinds foods energy things sleep feel rested ready play lot add feeling try improve feelings substances harm later maybe later find damage feel think choices need information order choices alcohol liquid person drinks nervous system slowed maybe seen alcohol person fine drinks person think clearly person trouble understood alcohol change nerves control blood vessels skin nerves allow vessels stretch blood flows skin noticed skin person drinking redder
ancient chinese china center middle kingdom chinese lived developed north steppe south tropical forest west mountains desert east sea chinese lived central plains special culture developed culture fact superior surrounding cultures chinese saw real saw inferior chinese barbarians uncivilized chinese viewed terms zones culture zone stood level culture differences based level culture power wealth noted drawing center chinese ruler zone royalty stood highest level culture lords paid tribute royalty borders china tended adopt chinese culture fourth barbarians partners china stood lowest level culture uncivilized barbarians viewed china strange land history chinese felt superior ruler told king england dynasty majestic virtue penetrated country heaven things set objects strange clever
early times chinese land land heaven home lived urban rural settlements felt deeply land rooted natural environment reason tried live harmony nature nature upset expected natural human disasters floods droughts earthquakes government nature seldom let chinese land heaven relation directions color physical features directions north south east west center colors red green black white yellow north black south red east green west white center yellow color earth provinces named north south body water east west mountain chinese ruler faced south receive officials conduct public business temples religious services held found south central gate royal city directions color physical features important china explain cities china planned accord directions color physical features china major kinds cities royal political city capital home ruler found commercial city home merchants skilled workers businesses type city prompted emotional responses lived
legend traditional explanation beginnings china huge egg symbol yang yin union yang yin ku born legend goes yang yin controls seasons belief important chinese reflected art art china varied culture traditional chinese art takes bronze vases bowls plates carved jade jewelry religious objects glazed pottery stone sculptures painting lacquerware rubbings tombstones woodcuts ceramics decorative arts arts music dance opera architecture writing painting brush modern chinese art includes films physical culture sports traditional art enjoyed art art sake enjoyed chinese symbols nature flowers birds animals plum blossom stands courage hope purity geese symbol happy married tiger symbol energy strength cunning important symbols dragon foreigner interesting fantasy chinese stands emperor sign zodiac hero folktale chinese dragon claws forks lightning scales begin glisten bark rain swept pine trees
shun yu examples ruled china members upper class class scholars officials government landowners honored families clans valued human relationships felt divided social groups superior inferior inferior knew superior upper class upper class agreed fool wise content lot scale stand perfect balance members upper class felt lot class rule lot lower class ruled class satisfied membership upper class basis merit definition merit varied defined ability govern defined ability lead army early leaders powerful wealthy families rule appointment government office basis recommendations office later passing public tests basis tests questions chinese literature current problems pass tests write style ancient medieval times skilled workers merchants tests later times education upper class difference social classes
affairs constantly change nowadays think view present prosperity worry rest lives truth sink human fortunes bound change ancestor wealth honor obtained studies descendants ease looked studies family acquired fortune hard saving descendants fortune disposal cases forget industry thrift basic reason wang clan declined generation generation son equal share inheritance generation larger share inheritance smaller smaller wang vi nature extravagant built huge home house females children tons servants jewels curios ancient bronzes porcelains paintings price eve feast hung lantern pearls wine cups jade returned home sedan chair front middle gate gate opened carried inside women servants surrounded twenty women waited maids bed orchestra led room
merchants richest china wealth members upper class feared knew destroy limit merchants government forbade deal goods salt iron view peasant father thought lucky married daughter rich merchant merchants generous poor according visitor china bad weather merchants round door door find families worst note distress night falls push cracks doors scraps gold silver cash coins notes efforts merchants opened trade routes china rest silk road china europe exchanged chinese silk lacquerware porcelain ivory glass medieval times merchants sparked commercial revolution china encouraged flow technology ideas later trade declined china trade smaller countries today merchants role china government goal increase production china supporting government controls prices trade fair opened canton government telegrams foreign buyers china business telegrams announced prices products percent higher
lines government communist party nationwide mass organizations begun leaders party members half adult chinese belong mainly convince follow communist hold rallies humble public enemies revolution government special forces job sure mass organizations fail fail leap forward leaders thought change attitude bring greater production campaign mass organizations bring change leaders planned production government changed policy groups formed follow policy major social ending landlords rule peasants giving rights women move bring spirit chinese revolution known cultural revolution begun mao agreed central committee communist party committee stated main target present movement party authority taking road explain cultural revolution party committees levels study apply chairman mao works
chinese nationalists lost civil war communists led chiang nationalists fled taiwan temporary home vowed liberate mainland future chiang ruler china president republic china taiwan death death premier chiang ching kuo chiang eldest son leader nationalists father chiang ching kuo claimed governed china chiang government views taiwan province china taiwan government extended legislators terms office indefinite length legislators stay office mainland china liberated communists addition parts constitution period emergency taiwanese want independence chinas chiang role republic china explain fact chinas claim cost maintaining chiang claim high officials employed govern china fact republic china governs taiwan army compared million taiwan largest armies martial law declared army law order preparing liberate mainland
interested farming government began program help peasants included planning production keeping prices stable taxes lower loans offered fertilizer fair prices ways improve crops discussed roads irrigation systems built program gap rural urban economy closing taiwanese peasants live compared mainland china differences taiwan mainland china political education young chinas young taught importance liberation taiwan liberation means recovery mainland force mainland china means recovery taiwan peace union chinas main goal governments action young leaders likely decide fate taiwan difference styles chinas modernization important taiwan taking part order fast modern taiwan economy rise trade capita income mainland china farming live cities asked serve working country consumer goods material pleasures pace economic development slow difference china role nation
story points major part hindu social order caste system family called untouchable dirty jobs untouchables indian children soon discovered ways caste decides kind hindus lead indian caste system powerful power comes chiefly fact set deeply indian religion hinduism hinduism major religion india heart belief person duty caste duty called noted hinduism indians base indian social order law literature art philosophy laid rules hindu society settled doubt standing person choose birth fixes station change plan order amazed contentment understand strength occasion high caste unorthodox friend spoke group villagers justice granting rights untouchables high caste villager spoke born farmers barbers tailors carpenters potters rest belief encourages hindus fulfill special duty concept reincarnation
noted indian families close discussed live spend india traditionally young couples lived joint family parents relatives today young indians especially professional cities want live choose live joint family joint family wife sons sons wives children unmarried daughters includes relatives aunt cousin married daughters live husbands families town village home visit periods joint family cooks owns property common joint families strong india number reasons members upper castes bound joint families tradition status members joint family farming craft business merchants prefer family members pool ideas money help pay taxes farmers lot land joint family means land joint family source safety joint family arrangement problems indians especially cities choosing living arrangements cities jobs family members vary pooling earnings lead jealousy especially member earns money
joint household younger children expected give older children adults expected respect obey parents parents law wives supposed serve husbands strong husband wife bond tend stay women stay women village joint family sleep separate house visit wives duties divided joint family differ divided family children supposed act adults wives husbands husbands wives role grandmother family love children indian families young wife importance children especially son sons important parents live later important hindu tradition son funeral start fire burns father dead body noted indian villages children expected grow quickly young child pampered loved needs catered transition begin children begin taking care younger brothers sisters attitude elders child changed completely thirteen student grade
early south asia ago living settled villages making pottery stone hoes growing wheat rice herded cattle dung fuel indus river valley developed civilization stretched thousand miles farmed rivers built cities mohenjodaro harappa storied houses mohenjodaro built brick built trash chutes bathrooms running water connected city drainage system built bath public building baths strict hindus pollution rule broken developed writing fully understood peasants today wheeled carts similar developed indus valley civilization mohenjodaro harappa carried trade parts india mediterranean cities egypt sumer mohenjodaro harappa began change aryan invaders mountain passes northwest took india indus valley culture spread south valley ganges river aryans brought sanskrit language horses iron copper tools brought religion called known today fire sun worship
jainism began buddhism protest hindu caste system claim brahman priests founder belonged warrior ruler castes competing priests power hindu belief important jains belief creatures souls lives respected reason jains eat meat farm feel harm insects worms jains business trade merchant castes large cities jains jains thought special group hinduism known parsees india persia muslims killing adopt religion islam beliefs parsees based teachings persian prophet lived christ saw battleground forces evil parsees known towers silence dead human bodies laid vultures clean bones ground burying fire air burning polluted parsees remained separate religions india live bombay leaders industry professions parsees known charitable works
british brought india improved roads railroads traveled goods transported ways centuries british roads built including grand trunk road calcutta delhi major railroad lines constructed india main railway system completed india largest railroad system asia railroads opened interior india markets development plantation large scale industries fares low poorest indians travel send goods railroads brought india indians trained hired railroads guards locomotive mechanics engine drivers station masters companies government maintained large locomotive shops terminal points lines locomotive parts england shipped india put large numbers skilled europeans india fill railroad jobs called trained technical knowledge railroads brought benefits including hospital medical care churches schools reading rooms recreation grounds gardens british helped repair restore irrigation canals developed ages built canals india cultivated land irrigated cultivation wheat cotton introduced dry land critics charged british things increase land lower cost famine relief
india percent land area percent population lives india means persons indian india housed million persons population increasing rate million persons month rate difficult india meet development goals economic gains set population growth india development programs indians ten twenty ago india population rising rapidly india million million british rule growth rate changed fewer died due health care distribution food india death birth rates dropped death rate dropped faster birthrate living longer children early indian babies died today thousand die expectancies figured birth averages higher number infant deaths average low expectancy indians twenty due mainly deaths infants children expectancy india natural increase births minus deaths population developed countries begun
thousands thousands population grew slowly industrial revolution improved methods farming goods foods produced easily medicine epidemics controlled lived longer fewer children died billion planet earth billion billion billion billion earth developed industrialized nations feel population problem concerned birth control population growth zpg thirds live developing countries india billion incomes ranging developing countries development population growth read write read write children born tensions countries increase realize rising expectations means want means skilled workers capital attain consider quality gap rich developed poor nations grows wider providing increasing numbers expensive farmland resources limited
languages dialects belonging major language families spoken india created problem indians india percent speak variety european language local dialects speak understand popular languages bengali business trade important language language written read indians tamil dravidian language sanskrit south tamil spoken large number read write journalist explained language question follows language question bound everyday ways thinking buried feelings colonialism plays part determining india stays tied past chooses modernizing future determines wins jobs india land common voice according constitution official language spoken fact thirteen officially recognized regional languages unrecognized minor tongues political boundaries indian states drawn speak common language communication hard link english fifteen million speak english language india colonial rulers english key strongest university education jobs
visitors latin america airplane passenger wrote flight andes believe beauty grandeur mountains vast geography latin america lofty mountains low lying inland coastal plains fertile valleys river systems tropical jungles parched deserts wide range climates rivers rainfall give areas lot water fourths mountainous region equatorial zone latin americans live temperate cool climates varied environment makes latin america complex land greatly influences live expect huge mountain ranges dominate latin american environment andes longest continuous mountain chain andes mountains stretch thousand miles northern colombia venezuela tip south america mountains created problems block communications live mountains scattered lonely villages travel andes difficult villagers contact areas reason loyalties ties region nation talk developing transportation systems mountains passes andes ten thousand feet sea level construction hard costs lot takes
quarter century revolution free serfdom bolivia million indians live short hard lives deserted plateau miles sea indians thirds population bolivia today numbers descendants inca live entirely country economic system earn spend money merely scratch bare living bleak altiplano recent estimates put expectancy nationally figure indians altiplano nearer medical facilities rural areas infant deaths stand deaths births highest figures recent unofficial survey shows average bolivian eats grams meat means peasants poor eat meat main barriers bolivian development bolivia country divided areas high narrow altiplano tropical valleys east vast rich plain finally thick jungle border brazil quarters live altiplano country major cities important mineral deposits poorest land farming altiplano average feet earth poor climate hard air thin indians live extra red corpuscles blood lack oxygen
settlers europe shape vast area south rio grande portuguese brazil spaniards regions tried pattern land known europe introduced kinds grains fruits horses domesticated animals brought kinds technology money knowledge took advantage mineral wealth land early latin american colonies won independence thousand spanish portuguese immigrants latin america europeans landed latin american shores middle nineteenth century war million flocked latin america spain portugal italians english germans settled argentina uruguay extreme southern part brazil today descendants large part peoples argentina uruguay reason countries known immigrant nations european immigrants brought skills brought willingness hard result largely responsible economic progress areas settled european immigrants contribute latin america european settlers began bring black slaves africa tropical areas brazil
visited cathedral thursday thursday holy week easter leave saw small group indians disappear steep steps led cathedral floor low roofed dark crypt candles burned cross forefathers lighting candles walls roof blackened soot cross indians silently prayed minutes earlier saying prayers crucifix ruined cathedral prayed special prayers special cross believed dwelt spirit due honor paid lunch priest told morning lay teacher religion straight serving mass lead band pilgrims cross high hills led prayer god spaniards brought ago indians prayed spirit mountain cult past believed dwelt part pagan part christian symbol parts guatemala indians erected crosses figure christ crosses frequently spots nature spirit believed dwell
efforts latin america improve education progress slow problems overcome problem stems fact latin american countries public education controlled national governments decisions ministers education decide build schools courses taught books decisions hiring teachers ministers appointed experience educators ministers short terms office times means policy frequent confusing problem teachers reason prestige teaching reason low pay unheard urban teacher extra job money meet living expenses position rural teacher worse country hold excitement city urban comforts plumbing electricity result easy teachers move rural areas estimated half latin america teachers teaching degrees trained teachers found urban areas country teachers grade school education students taught memorize lessons teacher dictates lesson student writes learns
think population explosion bringing point say properly fed clothed schooled housed medical services rapid growth number factors contributed slums latin america problem worse ending flow countryside cities short ago population growth thought important part country economic political strength meant workers help raise standard living meant prestige country today hunger poverty problems areas latin america begun question wisdom rapid population growth growth varies country country europe number double seventy latin america double twenty reasons believe situation latin america birthrate decreases beginning question growing birthrate latin america latin america high birthrate high death rate high birth death rates offset death rate high latin americans began live longer
fidel castro created marxist nation western hemisphere gave half hour speech general assembly united nations part speech noted told cubans revolution castro promised cubans needed reforms rural health programs government housing poor cuban want communist revolution want overthrow dictator fulgencio batista fidel castro alternative conditions south rio grande ripe communists poor tired lives poverty communists chance headway latin american communist movement met success lower class reasons gains group non communist reform parties strong parties called reaching reforms reason gained loyalty poor latin america communists luck peasants influence organized labor due workers desire marxists mainly communist labor leaders stress bread butter issues pay working conditions conditions latin america ready communists move
latin america constant change move modern reforms develop need progress change need part phase latin american incident took place ten ago incidents small part going latin american nations today thing mayor lead bodies occupant large settlement central colombia today alonso hospital orderly working teacher stretched cot squalid hut tin cardboard leg cast bullet wounds displayed bruises received week battle police clash left children adult dead injured including police officers seventy civilians jailed police lived shantytown called land owned national university plans build medical center friday migrants arrived parts town put shacks land hours later police block drawn area officer announced loudspeaker leave minutes
struggle change latin america involves pressure groups groups want change oppose undecided groups catholic church favors reform latin america countries mexico chile colombia argentina peru church deal influence nicaragua paraguay bolivia church say pressure group owners estates politically landowners dominate rural areas power comes joined groups cases agree help group turn reform groups promise leave estates landowners reform laws treat city problems countries peru cuba bolivia landowners lost lands political power able resist agrarian reform taxes able stop farm workers forming unions effective lower class pressure group organized labor part group government control short money chances winning strikes simpler labor gain financial aims politics strikes group include city workers large part working class share political economic gains
strongest western images middle east formed crusades series wars europeans tried conquer jerusalem palestine religion trade reasons wars began ended hundred later christians able visit jerusalem freely city christian rule ruled muslims followers islamic faith group muslims took christians began feel danger jerusalem decided order safe jerusalem ruled christians pleased italian merchants hoped win trading centers middle east open markets european goods christian byzantine emperor thought coming european christians reduce muslim pressure empire european nobles dreamed adventure wealth east christians asked pope urban ii help effort convince win jerusalem christians pope gave speech led crusade confines jerusalem city constantinople report brought repeatedly ears race wholly separated god violently invaded lands christians led part captives country part killed cruel tortures
hundred fifty million ago parts middle east covered dense tropical forests swamps marshes thick grasses ferns rotted slow waters today areas richest oil fields land climate changed coastlines rugged mountains rocky hills deserts areas watered fertile lands landscapes countries middle east vast deserts created combination mountains prevailing winds mountains ring middle east run country taurus mountains run east west southern edge turkey eastern mountains mount believe noah ark landed cut north eastern edge ranges block rain high plateau anatolia heart turkey zagros mountain range continues south persian gulf divides iran iraq el mountains iran mountains saudi arabia red sea mountains egypt lebanon mountains block flow rain clouds inland side middle east largely bounded water mediterranean sea west black sea caspian sea north persian gulf arabian sea south mountains fresh water scarce inches millimeters amount rain needed grow food crops
middle east fertile soil nile valley owes fertility buildup silt left thousands annual floods nile river fertile crescent bible land brooks water fountains depths spring valleys hills land wheat barley vines fig trees land olive oil honey western iran turkey yemen farmland land needs water problem middle east ago began settle fertile areas rivers began spread rivers irrigate land crops grow isolated families build irrigation systems groups families forming villages today percent middle easterners peasants farmers live villages farmland owned wealthy landlords royal families land owned villagers water main concerns noted bring water crops village irrigation canals water ditches require constant attention mahmud watch father deepen ditch garden
charge caliph fear god commend community muslims respect pity small honor learned strike humiliate oppress drive unbelief close doors allow strong devour weak hear obey slave appointed sees ruler disapproves patient separates community span dies dies death pagan obey rulers happens commands accord revelation brought rewarded rewarded obeying commands accord brought responsible rulers ordain prayer tax holy war god god forbids pray sultan god shadow god earth obedience duty muslim ordered commit sin ordered commit sin obey commends sultan god condemns left religion god mohammed returned mecca
royal palace palermo sicily scene awaited meeting christian king muslim scholar visitor entered hall king rose took hand led carpeted marble place honor throne began discuss project scholar asked creation accurate scientific map entire known monarch roger ii king sicily guest arab geographer al idrisi carry project roger set academy geographers director al idrisi secretary gather sort information roger wanted exact conditions area rule wanted boundaries climate roads rivers watered lands seas bathed coasts academy began studying comparing works earlier geographers studying length works king geographer saw full errors decided begin original research finally study finished task map making began al idrisi direction working copy produced drawing board places sited map compasses disk inches diameter weighing pounds silver al idrisi explained disk merely symbolized shape earth round sphere waters adhere maintained natural equilibrium
pouring milk breakfast mother abu hamid splendid milkman god bless dilutes milk righteousness father left bed heard milkman voice low voices abu hamid discussed affairs revolt orchard villages form ring sides damascus hear references battle patriots killed fights french abu hamid whispered killed french soldiers killed young heading heaven wish hand permit rifle wintry heard abu hamid tell father getting cold sir patriots aba heavy robes blankets sleeping outdoors aba brutal god help evening overheard mother telling father checked houses street single family refused help able collect purchase fifty aba buy aba buy store don want draw attention french traitors spies father cautioned morning morning abu hamid wear aba mother bought stacks aba
governments large cities middle east progress solving problems noted amman capital city jordan change action city plan begun slowly removed worst traffic snarls builders encouraged spread surrounding plateau amman movie theaters movies radio appeal help read write greater awareness american italian films popular arab produced primarily egypt jordanian government recognized need train industries cut unemployment taught skills schools built need workers exists amman commercial schools amman industrial school courses carpentry plumbing auto mechanics electricity soldering summer students field factories semiskilled workers roads lead amman needs administered amman stimulates building boom house government agencies hospitals schools stores growing population building industry employs percent entire force israel biggest city coast port resort town center business culture administration jerusalem capital
middle east unrest despite common desire peoples peace reasons unrest complex basic factors stand factors arab israeli conflict going thirty base dispute disagreement arabs israelis owns land israel called palestine palestinian arabs israelis claim ownership early war palestine ottoman turkish rule war british rule united nations voted partition divide palestine arab jewish sections jewish israel established arabs refused accept partition demanded election government palestine arabs refused accept jewish conflict broke arabs israelis war broke groups wars israelis occupied arab territories today moves peace arab israeli conflict exists main issues land israelis took war future million palestinians palestinians fled fighting live poor conditions neighboring countries
countries middle east groups compete political leadership rivalry based religion ethnic national origin times based politics combination rivalry lead civil war case lebanon middle east christians muslims live capital city beirut modern area banks businesses beirut served entire region relaxed atmosphere fine hotels restaurants resorts shops attracted visitors middle east outbreak civil war changed seeds civil war growing lebanon country independent power government divided christians muslims based size national census majority christians political power muslims sure population changed majority requested sharing power discontent growing reasons palestinian refugees living lebanon poor conditions number reached increase oil prices brought wealth misgivings small country lot middle eastern oil money invested lebanon sudden increase spending lebanon raised prices rapidly
wide extremities land night flown fast jet aircraft baikal moscow landings landed sun set took air sun risen southernmost point soviet union kushka borders afghanistan hundred miles equator northernmost point inside arctic circle cape chelyuskin siberia bare hundred miles pole ends thousand miles actual differences west east seasonal greater hour instance flying south spring comes january winter short called winter north cape chelyuskin midsummer winds piled giant hills ice shore plowing sowing spring nearly land hours find earth aglow purple heliotrope scarlet poppies wild red tulips apple trees moscow blossom late north siberia tundra rivers free ice end june
lake baikal resources run cubic miles fresh water ago press raised discussion poisoning lake baikal concerned press launch protest lakeside cellulose factory discharging part industrial waste baikal waters result alarm raised factory took steps purify sewage research lake protective forest strips planted shifting sands stable preserves created ministry timber pulp paper woodworking industry singled area square miles water protected woods lumbering allowed decided build factories pollute shores waters lake astonishing natural area preserved swift coming mountains hurries meet extensive irrigation land reclamation began valley government tiger gorge nature reserve river jungle nestles desert design plan plowing irrigation tract borders reserve scientists troubled fact designers taking account need preserve sand hills floodplain short southern spring nearly jungle population moves sand hills
nationalities minority groups live soviet union major pictured discussed largest ethnic group nationality ussr slavs russians called russians ukrainians byelorussians russians account half total slavic population republic largest land area control political cultural economic country result russia russians short inaccurate names entire soviet union ethnic group live central asia descended turkic nomads land known turkestan centuries roamed steppes regard land boundaries communities based nationalities ended russia iran afghanistan china divided territory roamed soviet rule territories divided republics kazakhstan largest non slavic population ussr important central asian republics recently soviet government built schools factories areas today comfortable ways remain bearded wearing turbans flowing robes seen mixing modern western dress streets cities muslim republics youngest populations republics
ninth century slavs russia rule vikings norse invaders scandinavia descendants viking leader settled kiev ruler added territory area controlled kiev hundred vikings princes slavs adopted slavic language slavic customs grand prince vladimir took control vladimir baptized eastern orthodox branch christian church centered byzantine capital constantinople russians pagans worshiped forces nature baptism vladimir christianity religion decision changed russia byzantine art architecture imported kiev greek alphabet basis russian system writing schools established vladimir choice religion brought russian vladimir reign end kiev grand princes strong rulers period territorial expansion increased trade cultural achievement russian princes began challenge power kiev war broke kiev weakened civil wars began decline huge mongol armies entered russia russians stop result hundred russia province vast mongolian empire capital thousand miles kiev
peter exploration site petersburg discouraged soundings channel showed feet water float full size frigates digging marshy shores struck water feet peter insisted stones gathered massive crates sunk marshes piles driven serve foundations buildings building stone transported water volga timber undertaking peter advice port free ice months opening baltic sea hazard fleet sail winds west drove gulf waters mouth flooding destroying works petersburg stopping floods peter ordered shore works rebuilt town dwellings reinforced hope haven gray river clung ventured build city cattle graze barren soil food ferried markets novgorod haven rest journey detested walls kremlin peter called paradise paradise carried vast number hands actually human hands tools lacked dirt carried coats finns countryside peasant soldiers prisoners bodies strained ice wind water
nicholas gave throne provisional temporary government set rule russia led alexander minister war navy government wanted continue war germany want distribute land peasants fact government ruled russia months overthrow tsar sway disorganized soldiers unruly crowds streets russian revolutionaries formed committees called soviets represent workers soldiers later peasants soviets closely linked country real government spoke heart soviets soviet capital city group revolutionaries agree aims provisional government bolsheviks wanted peace germany wanted peasants estates workers factories knew soviets key power set control october bolsheviks majority soviet month later took city proclaimed revolution surprise found harder seize power peasants found land leader bolsheviks vladimir lenin born vladimir
fulfilling objective matters prices profits competitiveness efficiency alien ideas russians soviet economists feel concepts important politicians run country workers run don care care plan capitalizing plan device plan talking plan law standard workers administrators worry fulfill plan shortcoming excused fail fulfill accomplishment forgotten factories plan enterprise country plan restaurant plan stipulates meals served lending library plan calls number loans category literature newspapers publish articles according plan moscow film studio makes number movies lenin revolution meet plan plan matters annual industrial economic plan planning commission gosplan russian draws annual plan part plan modern times goals plans met goals changed downward yearly plans met subject lot
ussr communist country run soviet government government leader country run told felt areas soviet noted soviets learned read lines determine change coming walking narrow moscow street crowd standing front art store pushed find attracted attention saw large portrait stalin dressed marshal uniform medals common moscow portraits stalin couldn understand fuss finally russian look stalin hair gray course replied gray don russian responded hair shown gray official portrait meaning means stalin growing step prepare change starting vladimir lenin soviet leader tried ways coming grips country problems lenin based ideas run country marx socialism lenin died naming place struggle power joseph stalin emerged soviet leader
education important soviet union main goals glorify soviet achievements build young women strong belief socialism promote soviet children enter school age graduate age seventeen picture lenin hangs classroom children grounded teachings marx lenin enter school soviet system teachers country books teach lessons taught agree taught western schools soviet union school september tradition students bouquets flowers class noted soviets school special freshly scrubbed brown dress white collar detachable white cuffs white hair ribbons white socks white shoes starched white apron red lenin lapel pin clutched bouquet red twin brother alyosha sober dark blue woolen jacket trousers lapel pin open white cotton shirt dark blue socks black shoes bouquet asters headed storied school district moscow amid bobbing sea flowers aprons blue jackets belonging classmates
africa largest continent africa thousand ethnic groups speaking hundred languages language families holds true region africa hold true region peoples living cultures variations culture reasons diversity exists africa physical environment uniform africa mountains extreme north south africa highland areas hills plains found climates vary vegetation varies soils vary peoples africa vary physically belong races possess capabilities cultural histories arab influence stronger east west coast regions continent islam religion affected north south african peoples developed complex civilizations maintained simpler ways africa continent stability continent change african blend cultural factors african peoples responded adopted change readily nigeria traditionally lived independent villages accepted readily yoruba discussed play swamp dwellers
addition timber minerals wildlife africa important natural resources recent survival wild animals threatened elephants killed ivory tusks bring high price poaching hunting land problems led president kenya promise government kenya fully realizing natural resources pledges conserve means disposal reading describes elephants threatened today africa authorities estimate elephants killed west national park kenya reports suggest elephants poached month kenya elephant shares distinction able change environment short span tries control live change elephant habit move developing africa longer kenya human population growing percent rate double population farming ranching increasing nomadic tribes masai urged settle cash business cattle land farming herding freedom elephants wild animals restricted hard fact faced truly wild animals human development africa
true desert kalahari bare place face sand hidden desert clothed bushes places dry forests grow slowly trees stand air strangely days wind grass covers sand sweeps dry plains bush grass grows dunes gathered ago patient wind silent valleys younger greener lived southern africa valleys flowed draining water high edges basin sand wandered valleys seasons kalahari winter begins lasts september healthful season foods gatherers winter roots abundant earth dry days warm cold shade nights chill end september clouds begin tower afternoons sudden season thunderstorms quiet passing plants bloom small flowers edible greens spring season heat flies crop hatch heat increases summer clouds continue form early afternoon rain falls november december pass heat privation late december early january rains summer big rains begin
greeks romans interested trading east african ports products gold cinnamon scented gum ivory tortoise shells slaves chinese indonesians east africa madagascar greek roman power declined arabs indians took rich indian ocean trade later portuguese english french dutch traders introduced foods products trade interior west africa rich salt trade sahara controlled large kingdoms ghana mali songhai considerable amount trade coast interior lived coast salt mangrove roots seawater fished produced cooking oil traded items inland agricultural products meat dugout canoes portuguese decided break african trade share gold guinea coast europeans earliest traders interested gold slaves fact bought slaves part africa sold gold small number slaves europe european arab slave trade african slavery domestic slavery africa earlier prisoners war treated slaves parts west africa slaves entitled rights privileges married members master household
father slaves numerous family lived grow youngest sons course greatest favourite mother trained earliest arts agriculture war daily exercise shooting throwing javelins mother adorned emblems manner greatest warriors grew till turned age eleven end put happiness manner dear sister left mind house woman walls moment seized giving cry stopped mouths ran nearest wood tied hands continued carry till night reached small house robbers halted refreshment spent night unbound morning left house continued traveling rest night offered victuals food refused comfort arms night proved greater sorrow experienced sister separated
african soldiers taught fight die freedom realize freedom stake thought wartime experiences learned asked africans instrument freedom whites africans country means ends whites africans going free land birth africans free country answers questions easily factor european powers ruled african colonies differences influenced events africa british granted degree local rule colonies responded african demands assist regulating african affairs provided education africans france portugal hand believed colonies part home country allow rule france felt africans learn french ways french culture portugal tight control africans portuguese colonies received education grade school nationalism grew quickly educated africans colonies ruled british portugal colonies gain independence gaining independence african colony fight power leaders ethnic groups
religious leadership hands village chief priest prophet doctor religious leaders chosen inherit positions village chief believed direct descendant village ancestors receives special power ancestors speak power religious authority priest performs rituals prophet person insight events prophet able predictions doctor responsible healing illnesses body mind africans believe illness spiritual rooted bad deeds humans doctor religious medical authority disaster strikes order find victims confess wrong brought misfortune board piece wood cup bones move objects move board troubled person confessing reveal things tell practice keeps villagers misdeeds groups toss palm nuts objects pattern form fall interprets misfortune victim brought misfortune displeased spirit ancestor jealous fellow villager
french evangelist paris andre preached days major centers attracted primarily high school students professions faith praise lord ask help carry lord identify local churches african evangelist mali andre preaching primarily centers completed campaign messages language closely related trade language results bulk campaign villages field believers area conducted campaigns days villages thousands heard gospel responded open professions faith believe lord fearful embarrassed openly say pray end thrill pleasure written faces christian ladies village saw number suddenly expand fifteen ago visited grey haired ladies believers joy filled soul joined songs praise group believers gathered fire burning paraphernalia women mother daughter renounced sorcery trust lord jesus
birds invited feast sky happy began prepare painted bodies red cam wood drew beautiful patterns tortoise saw preparations soon discovered meant happened animals escaped notice full cunning soon heard feast sky throat began itch thought famine days tortoise eaten meal moons body rattled piece dry stick empty shell began plan sky tortoise wings birds asked allowed birds heard full cunning ungrateful allow soon begin mischief tortoise changed learned makes trouble making tortoise sweet tongue short birds agreed changed gave feather wings tortoise arrive meeting place
reason ways living customs differ customs common custom countries christmas custom big feast united states turned custom holiday custom shooting fireworks fourth july customs special holidays fact everyday happenings customs differ society married society weddings certainly greet handshake follow customs children reach age adults beginning chapter going discover culture looked ways living culture means living takes part food part culture prepare eat living buy sell things technology part culture values customs part culture group
earliest americans americans look map pages find north south america north south america separated lands water americans able america look maps pages find place short stretch water separates eurasia north america bering sea map page north bering strait miles wide early crossed asia eastern part eurasia north america rowing strait think asians canoes rafts short stretch water fact winter needed boats water frozen solid walk asia crossed land bodies water lower today land bering strait covered water formed sort bridge asians walked studied animals eastern asia northern america
tribes lived plains called plains indians hunters buffalo country find buffalo hunters picture top page plains indians learn farm buffalo gave needed food clothing homes indians ate buffalo meat tools buffalo bones parts buffalo bow strings snowshoes containers water buffalo hides shoes clothing buffalo gave plains indians homes homes called tepees indians frame limbs young willow trees stood twelve limbs circle limbs tied top indians wrapped buffalo hides frame finished tepee looked upside ice cream cone picture bottom page course forest materials plains indians built kind homes eastern woodland indians reason tepees homes needed homes weighed easy put remember living mainly hunting plains indians buffalo herd moved moving big job plains indians dogs help tied tepee pole side dog
block find small bodega grocery store enter inside shelf canned goods bin piled high yams vegetables sweet potatoes favorite island puerto rico favorite puerto ricans live york bin food called plantain looks large green banana cooked eaten place potatoes bin holds mangoes yellow dotted oval shaped fruit foods grown puerto rico foods eaten puerto rico especially arroz rice beans counter notice newspaper called el la guessed newspaper written spanish carries important news find english language newspapers stories special interest readers news happenings puerto rican neighborhoods york city news puerto rico walk street evening hear music drifting radios record players apartments puerto ricans music loving music special sound soft tones guitars gentle drums dried gourd filled seeds rattle shaken
tenochtitlan spaniards wrote aztecs writings saved found libraries book written soldier named bernal diaz served spanish leader hernando cortes pages read diaz tenochtitlan spanish priest named bernardo spent aztecs wrote book tells places worship aztecs left information tenochtitlan remember wrote things kind picture language experts figured read language aztecs books records left aztecs small weak tribe nation leaders decided hide facts past wanted think aztecs powerful destroyed records history early records aztec leader destroy spanish spanish wanted blot aztec culture replace destroy aztec temples build catholic churches spots erase aztecs memory history destroying records things tenochtitlan archaeologists archaeologists learn history studying things left
philadelphia founded englishman named william penn king england gave penn land present pennsylvania william penn planned town delaware river point meets river spot harbor ocean ships sail delaware dock find philadelphia map colonial pennsylvania page penn gave care planning town settler arrived town cover square miles sq km penn decided streets straight crisscross town lines checkerboard wide avenues running east west delaware main streets crossed twenty running north south street homes feet wide main market streets feet wide streets closest delaware built earliest settlers live philadelphia streets built farther river penn planned house large lot house middle lot room side house gardens orchards grass reason spaces houses safety penn thought fire spread destroy town houses
history los california shows excellent climate helped city los fine weather round rarely hotter winter daytime temperature pleasant rainy season winter sun shines railroads arrived hundred ago los sleepy town thousand began move midwest fine climate farmed living raised oranges lemons california known soon part california los city grown help factories grown harbor city pacific ocean natural harbor los started grow harbor built today city largest artificial harbor population los grew factories businesses city important industries today aircraft aerospace automobile electronics today los huge city suburbs towns nearby grown rapidly joined los making city spread los spreads space chicago ten times space san francisco
able plan city start chose spot wanted build planning put place roads homes schools stores factories places recreation important part plans cities planners city governments able guide cities grow cities problems older cities planned cities reston virginia reston miles km washington columbia maryland miles km baltimore cities megalopolis east large metropolitan areas live cities travel highways jobs washington baltimore city finished moved give idea cities look finished differences cities ways alike plans cities call mixing city suburban finished reston columbia city number villages village
moving urban centers finding cities centers opportunities opportunities willing give familiar ways living certainly true south america canada cities growing rapidly chapter going study south american cities learn geography climate south america help understand south american cities grew decide south american cities grew reasons cities united states visit important south american cities problems compare cities south america canada climate canada cold climate location canada cities learn canada geography earlier learned rivers helped decide cities grow united states rivers canada canadian cities united states cities alike ways chapter help answer questions map page shows south america south america large land large north america stretches hot lands north freezing lands southern tip look map page
machines part industrial societies machines industrialism simple machines pulley hundreds wasn spinning wheel machine tool moving parts helped produce amount think spinning wheel slow yarn grindstone flour mill machine machines industrialism machines industrial society main differences industrial society machines jobs think story flour planting wheat selling flour grinding wheat machine step making flour machines simple hand tools compare making flour today machines planting wheat raising harvesting preparing wheat grinding grinding packaging machines package wheat market fact think step machine story making flour story product machines industrialism
oil petroleum known places seeped ground lay shallow pools rocks paid attention thought oil found large amounts ground worth bother oil drilled titusville pennsylvania named edwin drake found pump large amounts oil ground oil valuable called black gold soon forest oil derricks rolling fields pennsylvania later oil found states huge oil deposits discovered texas oklahoma wyoming california thick black oil kerosene clear thin oil oil lamps making kerosene product called gasoline produced companies knew threw stopped throwing henry ford drove horseless carriage automobile streets detroit ford automobile powered engine gasoline fuel inventors countries trying gasoline engine powerful pull wagon carriage henry ford working nights shed home succeed
americans turned government deal problems industrialism states passed laws working conditions safer laws owners protect workers dangerous machines dealt dangers fires women trapped fire york city shirt factory states factory owners put fire escapes protections states employers set money pay workers hurt job workers part pay return agreed laws passed government interfere business government protect problems caused industrialism disagreed states allow children wanted end child labor hours bad health children children going school believed government tell employers hire helped children form habits learn jobs families children needed money earned end states passed laws saying children fourteen factories mines children allowed kinds unfortunately laws obeyed
mayor tate wanted city reasons building highway wanted certainly business city say course mayors big cities busy look subject appoint committees government workers citizens study problem committees listen sides tell mayor think mayor tate appointed committee study highway committee strongly favored highway strongly committee held hearings listened arguments believed highway built store owners hard drive city slow moving traffic highway built city shop bad downtown stores bad city think manufacturer told committee industries needed highways trucks move goods factories highway industries leave city move city city care port philadelphia largest united states road help carry goods docks quickly
lyndon johnson president united states johnson strongly favor saving resources including redwoods asked congress pass law save trees conservationists pleased knew president recommends plan congress chance law members congress wrote bills national parks redwood forests california bill proposal law takes bill law going follow bill law started united states senate let bill groves redwoods parks del county california called smith park del coast park find map page bill proposed parks part national park government add buying land owned lumber companies land del county parks bill wanted add piece land known tall trees humboldt county map shows tall trees altogether park cover acres ha representatives congress introduce thousands bills hundreds subjects impossible house senate study bill carefully
senate voted accepted parts committee reports accept majority voted park acres ha remember acres asked bill started law senate voted larger park smaller sierra club wanted cost federal government million bill allowed government exchange land lumber companies government pay money del humboldt counties taxes lose things governor california insisted senate completed bill law houses congress agree senate bill house representatives house representatives studying plan national park protect redwoods fact representatives written bills park house committee held hearings held senate committee house representatives voted passed bill park acres ha smaller size recommended senate bill conservationists disappointed house plan law park small houses congress agree size park
americans matter live common anthem country watch television shows commercials tell eat foods tell wear clothes tell drive cars tell feed pets foods stores town town names goods sell part country sure find mcdonald burger king exxon gas station pretty sure finding sears store likely find levis keds toys book schools country idea united states united states huge land miles kilometers atlantic coast maine pacific coast california kilometer km unit measure metric system half mile turn pages learn metric system miles km southern tip texas canadian border driven country trip
natural resources things found earth things natural resources live fresh air clean water resources soil growing things think ending supply fresh air water farming soil true air bad breathe times places lakes rivers dirty fish live think harmed soil clear treated resources care think preserve save air water soil resources important united states rich supplies important natural resources oil natural gas coal important lives important country fuel power resources heat homes power cars help provide electricity keeps factories running united states largest oil petroleum producing country thirty states produce oil texas louisiana california oklahoma largest oil fields country
americans matter live visit places nation live country farm enjoy visiting city live cities visit worlds want mountains lakes oceans united states government set areas country enjoy places natural beauty government set places buildings important nation history government set kind place enjoy parks lend sports recreation kinds map top page shows kinds special places called national parks parks country islands find island parks map parks care protected part government called national park service service works special places safe beautiful natural parks big areas outstanding beauty national parks birds wild animals lovely flowers trees protected harm millions parks enjoy mountains deserts forests shores waterfalls caves wonderful things parks careful hurt natural environment
puerto ricans living spanish harlem culture native island visit longer learn values customs puerto ricans important values puerto ricans family believe members family remain close lives family parents children brothers sisters cousins aunts uncles puerto rican family spend visiting helping matter poor puerto ricans ready relative help bring child relative close friends care children fact called parents pleased extra job caring children puerto ricans honor happy puerto rican children january kings holiday christmas night kings children path grass hay leads bed according custom kings ride camels horses animals eat hay leave gift expect kings puerto rican children especially happy parents hidalgo county texas border mexico
colonists formed group called sons liberty fight stamp act tried tax officers collecting tax picture page tarred feathered tax officers colonists delegates meeting york city decide law meeting called stamp act congress delegates asked parliament repeal law agreed ask americans buy english goods england agree buy goods called boycott boycott worked parliament repealed stamp act parliament want colonists wrong idea passed law saying pass tax law wished parliament passed townshend acts taxes goods colonists bought england homes goods glass paper paint tea colonists english government pass tax laws rights free english refused buy english goods parliament backed taxes tea tax dropped show parliament tax colonists wished
explorers hunters trappers crossing appalachians early return told rich land climate side mountains farmers able raise food families needed left sell plenty lumber houses fences fuel herds buffalo provide meat want stories excited adventurous americans united states fighting war independence thousand settlers moved western side mountains trails marked explorers daniel boone small stream settlers soon mighty flood united states government helped speed settlement west selling land cheaply settlers states created west mountains table page shows quickly states settled shows greatly population grew region nearly land mississippi river turned states america western boundary moved farther west united states gained deal land land lay mississippi river rocky mountains owned france called louisiana united states asked government france sell city orleans
let begin comparing american colonies united states today iron found pure form nature mixed soil rock mixture called iron ore iron locked ore heat ore high temperature iron melts rock iron melts runs rest ore remains solid separating iron ore called smelting iron thousands iron today recipe changed calls things course iron ore fuel fire hot melt iron mineral called limestone iron melted ore pure bits rock dirt things mixed limestone helps melts iron mixes things float top floating stuff called slag slag skimmed remains pure iron smelters recipe today differences past present ways read pick important
story making textiles cloth ask differences making textiles making today ask making textiles making goods ask textile making today common making goods today making cloth women jobs need costly tools cloth women homes making goods home called household manufacture shoes candles lot things household manufacture days nature supplied raw material making cloth cloth linen comes flax plant wool hair animals chiefly sheep cotton comes cotton plant describe cotton cloth steps kinds cloth steps making cloth step preparing raw material difficult step cotton dozens tiny seeds cling ball cotton picked plant removed hand slow cotton picked clean drawn tool looked wire hairbrush called card separated cotton fiber threads
thought capital goods kinds energy seen part plays making industrial society blast furnace coal iron ore limestone turns iron weaving machines cotton wool turn cloth machines important raw materials part blessed rich soil growing raw materials land minerals lying earth surface mean lands industrialized raw materials country able countries raw materials main ways getting resources lands history strong nations helped natural resources weaker peoples spanish aztecs incas led wars deaths fortunately nations raw materials trade country raw material needs countries trade noticed industrialism brought change colonial america spinning cotton wool place weaving
ago colombia began ten plan industrializing planned things build plan columbia decide things important build factories goods dams electric power plants electricity roads transporting goods schools educate run factories farms fertilizer factories grow larger crops ten plan calls things grow speed ten plan finished colombia start set goals colombia move closer industrial country countries south america trying industrialize canada happened learned things country needs industrialized list canada things needs let begin raw materials page resource map canada canada chief resources canada minerals canada chief source important materials nickel making stainless steel asbestos rock fiber burn fireproof building materials gloves suits worn fighting fires
big problem tenochtitlan water tenochtitlan small fresh spring island gave water tenochtitlan grew rapidly soon needed water spring water lake help fit drink aztecs bring water city mountains lake fresh springs bring spring water tenochtitlan aztecs built aqueduct channel water flows place try picture large round pipe cut open aqueduct looked feet wide lined hard clay aqueduct carried water downhill mountains city miles km separate channels aztecs close repairs switch water aqueduct emptied water large lake aztecs hold fresh water poured large jars loaded canoes carried parts city person small group care water problem help government aztecs able plenty clean pure water number city grew aztecs sanitation
commerce grew number industries began towns skilled workers kinds live growing towns shoemakers tailors glass laid brick specialized kinds small villages needed services growing seaports able living fact towns soon needed services tailors shoemakers soon skilled workers able specialize carpenter chairs tables cabinets wood lot wanted chairs carpenter living making chairs carpenter chairs tables cabinets house carpenter building house divided parts person worked roof laid bricks painting plastering longer single blacksmith products metals tinsmiths smiths worked iron specialists hammers axes nails kettles pots pans iron anchors specializing allowed skilled workers single kind products quickly cheaply specialized depended goods services needed
problems cities united states south american cities problems worse thing cities united states water pure drink south american cities water pure leads sickness water comes faucets washing clothes dishes drinking cities residents buy drinking water barrels buckets supply impure water runs water air pollution bad south american cities factories apartment houses cars pouring smoke air united states cities buses cars burn low grade fuel pours dirt poisonous gas air fuel worst problem south american cities housing past millions moved rural areas cities reading thousands rural skills city jobs lowest paid jobs jobs crowd run housing oldest parts city move family friends families live crowded apartment children sleep bed walls crumbling
ten passed families took land formed community lucky city government bring running water sewers electricity build school course mistake fine city housing things pay rent took land built shacks means family extra money needs enjoy friendliness neighbors receive help charge governments south american countries things settlements places live public housing built older slums inside city crowded ways slums cities beginning worse slums noticed interesting difference slums happens slum united states things worse happens called slums hope let look cities canada start studying map land south america geography climate help explain location canada urban centers
canada united states dreamed improving water highway st lawrence lakes needed canal st lawrence rapids big allow ocean ships sail directly lakes united states canadian governments agreed dream true later wide deep canal named st lawrence seaway opened ships sail ports directly middle north american continent reach cities toronto windsor canada chicago detroit cleveland united states iron ore eastern canada goes directly steel plants lakes wheat farms united states canada loaded lake ports port arthur fort william chicago cleveland sale europe asia st lawrence seaway brought deal traffic wealth port cities lakes canada moved west started cities cities grow rivers part country grew railroad lines winnipeg province manitoba railroad trains cross canada pass winnipeg city important transportation center winnipeg leading meat packing city railroads metropolitan winnipeg half million
shut window pane looked cold street eddies wind whirling dust torn paper spirals sun shining sky harsh blue color posters plastered black face gazed commanding corner house front immediately opposite big brother watching caption dark eyes looked deep winston street level poster torn corner flapped fitfully wind alternately covering uncovering single word distance helicopter skimmed roofs hovered instant bluebottle darted curving flight police patrol snooping windows patrols matter thought police mattered winston voice telescreen babbling pig iron ninth plan telescreen received transmitted simultaneously sound winston level low whisper picked remained field vision metal plaque commanded seen heard course knowing watched moment system thought police plugged individual wire guesswork
person named member party holder post important remote winston dim idea nature momentary hush passed group round chairs saw black overalls party member approaching large burly thick neck coarse humorous brutal face spite formidable appearance charm manner trick spectacles nose curiously disarming curiously civilized gesture thought terms recalled eighteenth century nobleman offering winston seen dozen times felt deeply drawn solely intrigued contrast urbane manner prizefighter physique secretly held belief belief merely hope political orthodoxy perfect face suggested irresistibly written face simply intelligence rate appearance person talk cheat telescreen winston smallest effort verify guess
handsome tough looking boy popped table menacing toy automatic pistol small sister younger gesture fragment wood dressed blue shorts gray shirts red uniform spies winston raised hands head uneasy feeling vicious boy demeanor altogether game re traitor yelled boy re thought criminal re eurasian spy shoot vaporize send salt mines suddenly leaping round shouting traitor thought criminal girl imitating brother movement slightly frightening tiger cubs soon grow eaters sort calculating ferocity boy eye evident desire hit kick winston consciousness nearly big job real pistol holding winston thought mrs parsons eyes flitted nervously winston children light living room noticed interest actually dust creases face noisy re disappointed couldn hanging busy tom won
remembered walking crowded street tremendous shout hundreds voices women voices burst side street ahead formidable cry anger despair deep loud humming bell heart leapt started thought riot breaking loose reached spot mob hundred women crowding round stalls street market faces tragic doomed passengers sinking ship moment general despair broke multitude individual quarrels appeared stalls selling tin saucepans wretched flimsy things cooking pots kind difficult supply unexpectedly successful women bumped jostled rest trying saucepans dozens clamored round stall accusing favoritism saucepans reserve fresh outburst yells bloated women hair coming hold saucepan trying tear hands moment tugging handle winston watched disgustedly moment frightening power sounded cry hundred throats
bottom passage smell roasting coffee real coffee victory coffee floating street winston paused involuntarily seconds half forgotten childhood door banged cut smell abruptly sound walked kilometers pavements varicose ulcer throbbing weeks missed evening community center rash act number attendances center carefully checked principle party member spare bed assumed working eating sleeping taking part kind communal suggested taste solitude walk slightly dangerous word called meaning individualism eccentricity evening ministry april air tempted sky warmer blue seen suddenly noisy evening center boring exhausting games lectures creaking camaraderie oiled gin intolerable impulse turned bus stop wandered labyrinth london south east north losing unknown streets bothering direction going
winston sat window sill going buy beer suddenly shuffled rapidly stinking urinal side room extra half liter working winston sat minute gazing empty glass noticed feet carried street twenty reflected huge simple question revolution ceased answerable effect unanswerable scattered survivors ancient incapable comparing age remembered million useless things quarrel hunt lost bicycle pump expression dead sister face swirls dust windy morning seventy ago revelant facts range vision ant small objects large memory failed written records falsified happened claim party improved conditions human accepted exist exist standard tested moment train thought stopped abruptly halted looked narrow street dark shops interspersed dwelling houses
happened clearing wood month occasion actually succeeded making love hiding place known julia belfry ruined church deserted stretch country atomic bomb fallen thirty earlier hiding place getting dangerous rest meet streets place evening half hour street talk fashion drifted crowded pavements abreast looking carried curious intermittent conversation flicked beams lighthouse suddenly nipped silence approach party uniform proximity telescreen minutes later middle sentence abruptly cut short parted agreed spot continued introduction julia appeared kind conversation called talking installments surprisingly adept speaking moving lips month nightly meetings managed exchange kiss passing silence side street julia speak main streets deafening roar earth heaved air darkened winston found lying side bruised terrified
abruptly mind katharine katharine unquestionably denounced thought police happened stupid detect opinions recalled moment stifling heat afternoon brought sweat forehead began telling julia happened failed happen sweltering summer afternoon eleven ago months married lost community hike kent lagged couple minutes took wrong turning presently found pulled short edge chalk quarry sheer drop ten twenty meters boulders bottom ask soon realized lost katharine uneasy noisy mob hikers moment gave feeling wrongdoing wanted hurry start searching direction moment winston noticed tufts growing cracks cliff beneath tuft colors magenta brick red apparently growing root seen kind called katharine look
poster suddenly appeared london caption represented simply monstrous figure eurasian soldier meters high striding forward expressionless mongolian face enormous boots submachine gun pointed hip angle looked poster muzzle gun magnified pointed straight thing plastered blank space wall portraits big brother apathetic war lashed periodical patriotism harmonize general mood rocket bombs killing larger numbers usual fell crowded film theater burying hundred victims ruins population neighborhood turned trailing funeral hours effect indignation meeting bomb fell piece waste ground playground dozen children blown pieces angry demonstrations goldstein burned effigy hundreds copies poster eurasian soldier torn added flames number shops looted turmoil rumor flew round spies directing rocket bombs means wireless waves couple suspected foreign extraction house set fire perished suffocation
essential act war destruction necessarily human lives products human labor war shattering pieces pouring stratosphere sinking depths sea materials masses comfortable run intelligent weapons war actually destroyed manufacture convenient expending labor power producing consumed floating fortress locked labor build hundred cargo ships ultimately scrapped obsolete brought material benefit enormous labors floating fortress built principle war effort planned eat surplus exist meeting bare needs population practice needs population underestimated result chronic shortage half necessities looked advantage deliberate policy favored groups brink hardship general scarcity increases importance small privileges magnifies distinction group standards early twentieth century member party lives austere laborious kind luxuries enjoy large appointed flat texture clothes quality food drink tobacco servants private motorcar helicopter set member outer party members outer party similar advantage comparison submerged masses call
war judge standards previous wars merely imposture battles ruminant animals horns set angle incapable hurting unreal meaningless eats surplus goods helps preserve special mental atmosphere hierarchical society needs war seen purely internal affair past ruling groups countries recognize common interest limit destructiveness war fight victor plundered vanquished fighting war waged ruling group subjects object war prevent conquests territory structure society intact word war misleading accurate say continuous war ceased exist peculiar pressure exerted human beings neolithic age early twentieth century disappeared replaced effect fighting agree live perpetual peace inviolate boundaries case contained universe freed forever sobering influence external danger
party member lives birth death eye thought police sure asleep awake working resting bath bed inspected warning knowing inspected indifferent friendships relaxations behavior wife children expression face words mutters sleep characteristic movements body jealously scrutinized actual misdemeanor eccentricity small change habits nervous mannerism possibly symptom struggle detected freedom choice direction hand actions regulated law clearly formulated code behavior oceania law thoughts actions detected mean death formally forbidden endless arrests tortures imprisonments inflicted punishment crimes actually committed merely wiping persons commit crime future party member required opinions instincts beliefs attitudes demanded plainly stated stated laying bare contradictions inherent
moment hear tramp boots let outburst unpunished known breaking agreement obeyed party hated party days hidden heretical mind beneath appearance conformity retreated step mind surrendered hoped heart inviolate knew wrong preferred wrong understand understand confessed single foolish cry start ran hand face trying familiarize shape deep furrows cheeks cheekbones felt sharp nose flattened seeing glass complete set teeth easy preserve face looked case mere control features perceived want secret hide needed let emerge consciousness shape
telescreen hidden microphones seen matter mattered lain ground wanted flesh froze horror thought response clasp arm try disengage knew changed face scar partly hidden hair forehead temple change waist grown thicker surprising stiffened remembered explosion rocket bomb helped drag corpse ruins astonished incredible weight thing rigidity awkwardness handle stone flesh body felt occurred texture skin attempt kiss speak walked grass looked directly momentary glance full contempt dislike wondered dislike purely past inspired bloated face water wind squeezing eyes
month disappeared moment reconciliation nagging hunger belly forgotten earlier affection temporarily revived remembered pelting drenching water streamed window pane light indoors dull read boredom children dark cramped bedroom unbearable winston whined grizzled futile demands food fretted room pulling place kicking wainscoting neighbors banged wall younger child wailed intermittently end mother buy toy lovely toy love rain general shop open cardboard box outfit snakes ladders remember smell damp cardboard miserable outfit board cracked tiny wooden dice ill cut lie sides winston looked thing sulkily interest mother lit piece candle sat floor play soon wildly excited shouting laughter climbed hopefully ladders slithering snakes starting point
wild waste place den lay sleep slept dream lo saw dressed rags stood face turned house book hand burden saw read pages book read wept shook fear broke loud cry saved condition home quiet want wife children troubled finally told mind dear wife children full woe carrying heavy burden told town destroyed fire lost found save heard sad tale amazed thought true fears wrong mind sleep soothe brain haste bed morning broke asked told worse worse started talking listen
christian door wife young gave loud wail beg put hands ears ran cry friends wife run fun threatened obstinate pliable tried carry force names obstinate means stubborn pliable means easy bend christian town obstinate pliable caught christian friends bid christian dwell city destruction place born die sink place burns fire wise friends leave things friends families yes christian leave grain compared seek stand firm find want spare words true obstinate things seek leave find christian seek joys fade laid place bliss safe search
saw dream obstinate left christian pliable set cross plain speaking christian pliable glad decided pliable friend christian tell things looking christian find heart speak tongue wish book tells everlasting kingdom end pliable christian crowns light robes shine sun pliable christian crying sorrow owns place wipe tears eyes pliable friends find christian saints robes bright eyes grow dim look meet stood faith burned stake thrown wild beasts love lord harm greet love walk sight god pliable share christian shown reach gate
took large room full dust interpreter told servant sweep clouds dust flew christian began cough interpreter young girl stood put water floor dust rise easy sweep floor christian means interpreter room heart knows grace god dust sin swept law law sin put water floor book tells news soon law swept dust flew room clean show law works cleanse heart sin law stirs sin clearly saw young girl put water dust shows sin clean faith book interpreter led christian room children sat child named passion named patience patience happy quiet passion pouting wrong passion christian asked mother wants wait presents interpreter wants things patience happy willing wait
saw dream highway christian walk wall side wall salvation christian ran highway struggling burden top hill stood cross foot tomb christian cross burden slid fell tomb saw christian glad merry heart rest grief death stood awhile struck awe think sight cross burden times look cross tomb tears rose eyes stood wept bright peace thee thy sins forgiven rags put robe set mark face gave scroll seal look run give celestial gate christian gave leaps joy sang ah place strings crack bound burden blessed cross blessed tomb nay blessed lord put shame valley
christian thought heard mistrust felt cloak scroll read find peace felt found christian distress knew lost scroll give comfort thought slept park side hill fell knees asked god forgive sleeping working look scroll told foolish fool sleep daytime lord hill park rest laziness tears sighs care looked side scroll cave sat slept thought christian vain lot jews sin red sea walk steps grief walked joy lazy walk steps times walked
christian set free join named hopeful seen christian faithful wanted christian lost truth rose death walk christian hopeful vanity fair christians testimony christian faithful lay bank pure stream drank side green trees bore fruit field ran lay sleep woke sat awhile shade trees days pass sang tell sweet fresh fruit leaves trees yield soon sell buy field left hand road path meadow fair green field path stile hopeful christian let walk grass hopeful path lead wrong christian look doth highway set field saw front vain confidence told path led celestial gate
place lay doubting castle lord castle giant despair ground slept giant despair found gruff voice woke asked brought told lost path giant despair force ground lie mine say knew wrong giant despair drove put dark dirty dungeon doubting castle days light food drop drink giant despair told wife treat asked beat wife took stout stick crab tree dungeon poor christian hopeful lay beat dogs beat hard move spent sighs tears giant despair found sore beating chance let told thing end lives sense going living misery
saw dream means traveled christian hopeful told tale cast kind glance joy greet delectable mountains names shepherds knowledge experience watchful sincere led christian hopeful hand tents bade eat rest night morning broke woke christian hopeful took spot bright view sides shepherds top high hill named error steep distant side told look foot christian hopeful cast eyes saw lost lives fall top led wrong put trust false guides heard christian yes put tomb left warn careful brink hill saw shepherds led top mount caution told look stile goes path doubting castle giant despair
ah mad run risks heard sure friend obstinate christian met obstinate pliable wise fear heard met lions saw valley shadow death heard things hair stand end hear think sweet boys flesh bone rash wish sake pray home tempt neighbor toils snares tell serve show troubles felt joy house god pray tempt mercy let leave ways scorns say mercy thought friend leave part help took thought soul touched felt talk friend found truth words join heart mercy
slough despond sons stopped short told place dear christian fallen mercy let try steps view slipped mud slough heard voice say blessed hath faith things told lord pass mercy able gate think slough despond mine hard journey dangers face travel land gate thought say stood mercy friend speak gave knock christian heard fierce bark dog shake fear dare knock dog attack knew dared knock fear dog dared gate
saw dream spoke words mercy boys hearts took top gate left dear friend glad gotten mercy happy joy stood gate thought pains mercy worst fears saw gate grant wish heed think ground mill left found hard cry lost lost thought going force mercy ah saw door shut fierce hound faint heart mine give loud knocks pray lord rude noise angry heard loud thumps door smiled mind hard guess keeps dog known fear courage safely glad heart
left met kinds dangers fears finally place called vanity fair house mason guests need say folk town mason gave stamp foot servant grace jumped fetch friends house sat meal mason held hand point friends guests zion think wife christian friend faithful town treat badly thought meet place king love serve bring peace told blood faithful lain load hearts killed stake vanity fair days walk streets show heads sons mercy place home huge snake woods killed folk town brave face fled heard took babies scores
path meadow sat stile christian hopeful giant despair shut doubting castle sat think thing heart guide thought pull doubting castle free poor souls shut celestial city thing heart told book god word fight fight pray fight giant despair sons young strong knocked gate giant despair wife giant despair bold gate giant despair heart guide zion charge thee open thy gates slay thee pull thy house giant despair heart fear put helmet steel head breastplate fire club hand fight foes heart sons fought lives despair brought ground put death heart
land beulah sun shines night rested ate fruit hung trees land beautiful slept short bells rang sweet tunes bright light burst eyes soon rose walk fro bright sinful feet dare tread heard shouts rise messenger celestial city words joy wife christian searched found house staying messenger put note hands words hail bring thee word lord calls thee waits thee stand throne robes white ten days messenger read note gave sign words truth love told haste sign sword sharp point tell ten days die heard joy toils soon end live dear christian sons wives gave words cheer told glad
research team convinced large organism loch ness purpose gather information scientific observations identify organism felt difficult capture nessie tried picture sensitive sound photographic equipment lowered equipment part lake thought nessie looking food team felt nessie ate microscopic plant animal lake source food salmon fish passed lake lay eggs nearby streams source millions newly hatched salmon traveling sea sound equipment cameras areas salmon found readings pictures large moving creatures researchers claimed photographs showed animal meters neck meters body meters diameter photograph showed looked head eyes mouth showed nostrils ends stalks based observations team thirty organisms present accept explanations evidence interest scientists search continued larger effort planned known scientists united states england joined team
look planet space astronauts wonder planet called earth planet water fourths earth surface covered water water salt water found oceans remaining water rivers lakes ponds springs fresh water living things found water live lakes ponds oceans need water live areas desert water periods living things water bodies body instance thirds water water essential needed carry organism activities earth surrounded thin layer gases layer called atmosphere oxygen carbon dioxide nitrogen atmosphere gases important living things plants animals need oxygen survive oxygen atmosphere organisms water live plants need carbon dioxide food nitrogen important organisms substances living matter living things need source energy order survive sunlight supplies energy green plants need food grow animals turn depend plants directly indirectly food
cycle series steps events sooner later lead started seasons cycle spring summer fall winter spring recycle means send cycle water goes cycle force water cycle sun energy water compound exists forms solid liquid gas sun energy water change liquid gas process called evaporation water evaporates enters atmosphere gas temperature air falls gas turns liquid drops drops fall rain process reverse evaporation temperature cold drops form solid snow water drops snow crystals large fall ground ground things happen water evaporate run surface streams lakes ocean evaporates sink ground part ground water supply stored soil soil water source water plants water roots plants carried leaves food making making food plants produce water water lost plants leaves evaporates atmosphere water animals drinking part food
major phyla higher plants phylum bryophyta phylum tracheophyta phyla commonly called nonvascular plants vascular plants tracheophytes vascular tissue tissue composed cells organized transport water minerals food bryophytes tissue called nonvascular nonvascular plants lack tissue tend small grow plenty moisture nonvascular plants true roots stems leaves simple structures resemble parts found vascular plants mosses liverworts common types nonvascular plants important group vascular plants ferns ferns seen growing damp shady areas big lacy structure leaf fern stems grow beneath surface ground stem small roots grow soil millions ago ferns abundant plant earth warmer climate times favored growth ferns tall formed swamps plants died fell swamps buried millions remains changed coal coal burn fuel common type vascular plants seed plants plants reproduce forming seeds conditions seeds grow plants seed plants divided groups group uncovered naked seeds called gymnosperms
living things cells cells carry processes cells materials needed activities give wastes produced activities cell body takes materials cell surrounded protected thin covering called cell membrane materials move cell pass cell membrane result membrane acts traffic controller materials entering leaving cell traffic controller cell membrane selective materials pass quickly pass slowly materials allowed pass membrane materials pass permeable diaper lining permeable water membrane substances pass semi permeable wax paper semi permeable air enter keeps moisture cell membrane semi permeable substances pass believed structure cell membrane controls passes exact structure known powerful microscope appears layers fig think cell membrane type chemical sandwich pores thickness sandwich thin cell membrane rigid flexible change shape cell membrane movable gate change size openings pores
imagine riding bicycle hill riding hill fun steer don tired don energy riding hill tiring stand energy pedal let switch gears compare diffusion materials membrane riding bicycle diffusion cell energy move materials diffusion compared riding bicycle hill fig energy needed movement reason diffusion called passive transport riding bicycle hill requires lot energy don energy roll hill cell energy move materials cell membrane type movement materials cell membrane called active transport types active transport type materials moved opposite moved diffusion materials move crowded area crowded area type active transport compared riding bicycle hill fig type active transport materials move crowded area crowded area diffusion passive transport materials move cell membrane faster diffusion
blood important tissues body average person body liters blood percent person body weight blood important blood transports materials digested food water oxygen cells carries wastes cells parts body released blood carries carbon dioxide lungs exhaled blood carries chemical messengers cells special proteins help fight disease travel blood main parts blood liquid part solid part half blood clear yellowish colored liquid called plasma plasma water rest plasma small amounts proteins minerals vitamins sugar chemical messengers enzymes digested food wastes carried plasma plasma proteins fight disease help clot blood disease fighting plasma proteins called antibodies antibody fights type foreign substance foreign substances bacteria viruses foreign substances enter blood antibodies fight illness antibodies blood person immune illness immunity shot tetanus polio flu weakened dead organisms blood body makes antibodies fight organisms
maple tree green plants carbon dioxide water oxygen minerals green plants need special structures getting transporting materials study special structures let look basic structure green plant main parts green plant roots stem leaves roots hold plant ground water minerals soil stem connects roots leaves helps support plant produces leaves trunk tree actually stem leaves foodmaking organs water minerals roots leaves photosynthesis food leaves roots plant parts substances travel vascular system vascular system series tubes tubes form network roots stem smallest branches leaves veins leaf strings stalk celery tubes system vascular system plant main parts xylem tubes phloem tubes xylem tubes hollow thick walls helps support stem xylem tubes transport water roots parts plant water called sap sap sugars minerals materials xylem tubes carry sap upward plant phloem tubes transport food plant hollow thin walls
result organism activities cells release wastes complex organisms wastes carried blood special excretory organs humans main excretory organs kidneys excretory organs include lungs skin kidneys bean shaped organs kidney size fist located stomach area side spine fig aorta carries blood heart kidney inside kidney blood passes capillaries capillaries close contact millions tiny tubes kidneys tubes called nephrons liquid part blood plasma filtered separated nephrons wastes water glucose minerals pass blood cells large protein molecules remain blood materials filtered excreted essential substances lost happen water filtered excreted person drink liters water replace blood filtered process place needed water glucose minerals returned blood wastes left excreted remaining wastes called urine urine nitrogen wastes urea excess water inorganic salts urine substances excess blood include small amounts sugars vitamins
don cells grow large able food able rid wastes cells grow size cells grow size organisms grow larger general answer cell division cells divide cells size organisms depends number cells cell division simple splitting cell series events takes place events separated groups division nucleus division cytoplasm division nucleus called mitosis events mitosis phases division cell starts nucleus nucleus chromosomes chromosomes blueprints cell carry information needed direct control cell activities information duplicated cell divide suppose wanted identical houses built wouldn cut blueprints give half builder copy blueprints builder full set plans true blueprints cell chromosomes duplicated cell divides cell dividing active performing functions
sexual reproduction requires special reproductive cells parent reproductive cell male parent called sperm reproductive cell female parent called egg sperm cells egg cells special cells half number chromosomes parent cells chromosomes found nucleus pairs cells number pairs chromosomes tissues produce reproductive cells special cell division process number chromosomes halved reproductive cell receives pair chromosomes fig sexual reproduction sperm cell egg cell join process called fertilization fertilization occurs cell formed cell combination chromosomes parents receives half female egg half male sperm cell beginning offspring offspring combination traits parents identical parent flowering plants produce seeds sexual reproduction understand process study reproductive structure flowering plant flower flowers shapes colors flowers general structure fig petals sepals protect reproductive organs flower flowers brightly colored petals produce sugary substance called nectar attract birds insects center flower pistil
heredity passing traits parent offspring known heredity research gregor mendel austrian monk rediscovered mendel research heredity garden peas results research published mendel understood later research formed basis branch science called genetics mendel experimented garden peas chose peas grow quickly reproduce pollination meant develop plants produced seeds traits plants called pure traits pure tall plants produced seeds grew pure tall plants mendel noted traits forms traits seed color yellow green traits stem length tall short mendel studied total traits separate forms fig page trait mendel cross forms trait artificial pollination experiment fertilized pure short plants pollen pure tall plants planted seeds produced counted types offspring grew surprised find offspring tall results fertilized pure tall plants pollen pure short plants cross pure tall plant pure short plant produced tall plants
early explorers north america awed forests found deciduous forests extended north south canada gulf extended east west atlantic coast ozark plateau today forest left million acres forest eastern united states commercial forest cut regrown times forests supply wood products deciduous forests temperate climate winters cold summers warm northern forests winter low averages summer high southern forest ranges annual rainfall cm evenly spread growing season months suited growth dense forest deciduous trees trees store plenty food growing season cold winters fewer hours sunlight moisture conserve moisture deciduous trees drop leaves fall spend winter dormant forests called broadleaf forests broad flat leaves maximum sunlight photosynthesis forests consist mainly beech maple ash basswood oak hickory elm trees local conditions soil moisture temperature vary forest area result types trees growing area vary
problems today wastes estimated american produced kg solid wastes estimate risen kg million united states january population risen million amount trash throw fantastic think percent waste burned incinerators ash particles produced burning seriously increase air pollution remaining trash goes dumps space dump waste large cities problems finding places put waste cities oceans dumps answer wastes damaging ocean ecosystems reduce amount trash logical answer reuse material completely eliminate waste reduced glass metal containers reused recycled trash generate electrical power small scale experiments show practical materials reused steel cars lead storage batteries plastic rubber recycled paper today recycled waste paper trash converted paving building materials
organisms matter energy environments sooner later returned energy substance humans environment called natural resource animals plants soil air water coal minerals natural resources natural resources renewable renewable resources replaced reasonable length include plants animals air water plants animals reproduce replace kind air water replaced recycled nonrenewable resources replaced include metals minerals oil coal natural resources replaced result resources called nonrenewable takes centimeter topsoil replaced obvious soil nonrenewable resource natural resources wisely wasted destroyed forests wildlife polluted air water increasing numbers demand resources conservation resources earlier lessons dealt problems air water quality eq index air quality shows slight improvement water quality declining colonial days species animals extinct united states animals listed endangered species table organism extinct forever
peter holmes travelled city immersed speculations appointment paper famine closed daily newspapers news radio royal australian navy small fleet small ships converted oil burners unsatisfactory coal burners cost effort attempt convert aircraft carrier melbourne suspended proved slow allow aircraft land safety strongest wind stocks aviation fuel husbanded carefully training programmes reduced virtually nil inexpedient carry fleet air arm heard officers frigates remained commission sick replaced decided rotate employed officers unemployed seagoing experience meant posting dreary job shore office job barracks stores disconsolate deserted place naval depot deeply disappointed sea knew shore look mary baby
young officer sat thought moment revolving mind shopping ailments baby milk supply summer weather firewood cut cruise began middle february home middle april weather cold fires farmer mary firewood longer wheels trailer wrong electricity supply failed radioactivity spread south quickly wise estimated put thought mary furious turned job sacrificed career naval officer daughter born brought south england met dance indefatigable sea england royal navy want appointment raised head sir review situation mean easy plans ahead home going admiral thought moment circumstances reasonable request especially newly married young baby
rang davidson evening put proposition peter felt ask mary told mean captain feel home children smell feeding bottle saucepan warm water sort thing thought clean house bit put try give gay trouble jennifer help dear afraid means camp bed lounge verandah saturday sunday occupied thought dull moment thought party saturday night sounds bit dreary miss davidson tell fearful stick start weeping arms telling late wife suppose mary uncertainly met half minute ask peter telephone peter says start knocking skinful miss davidson saturday morning gin gin
managed detach hotel drink walked station evening light arrived city half hour later walked street bit early let walk took arm guide saturday evening crowds shops plenty stock windows open restaurants cafes full roaring trade bars shut streets full drunks general effect boisterous uninhibited lightheartedness style traffic wide streets swarmed road corner collins streets italian playing large accordion playing dancing passed regal cinema staggering front fell paused moment hands knees rolled dead drunk gutter paid attention policeman strolling pavement turned examined casually strolled evenings dwight remarked bad girl replied worse war say re getting tired
days later surfaced dawn grey light stars faded emerged calm sea sandy cape queensland latitude twenty degrees south stayed surface quarter hour captain checked position lighthouse distant shore echo soundings john checked atmospheric sea radiation levels fingers fumbling irritably instruments slid depths grey hull low water heading south twenty knots bridge deck hatch clanged open officer deck emerged captain calm weather forward aft torpedo hatches opened clean air began circulate boat lifeline rigged bow bridge structure stern duty clambered deck fresh morning air white faced rejoicing rising sun submerged week half hour later hungry hungrier days breakfast sounded tumbled quickly cooks turn spell deck watch relieved quickly bright sunlight officers appeared bridge smoking ship settled normal routine surface operation heading blue sea queensland coast
suppose haven imagination peter thoughtfully end imagine john laughed end end shan dare say dwight towers raised head suppose didn wrong port moresby paused thinking flowering trees seen shore periscope flame trees palms standing sunlight maybe silly deserve scientist absolutely precisely didn say subject bridge smoke sunlight fresh air passed heads entrance sydney harbour soon dawn bass strait morning port phillip bay alongside aircraft carrier noon naval member meet piped aboard soon gangway run dwight towers met narrow deck admiral returned salute captain sort cruise troubles sir operation accordance orders
hope re telling truth driving seat started village immediately beech tree glanced curiously grow round suppose cooler hills looked avenue entranced oak tree mighty big don saw oak tree grow big maples turned say avenue small town states asked states certainly trees northern hemisphere parts australia seen till gum trees wattles don feel bad asked love northern trees plenty round farm drove village deserted road road presently road uphill horse slowed walk began collar girl walk buggy walked hill leading horse stuffiness heat steel ships woodland air fresh cool took jacket laid buggy loosened collar shirt
liaison officer waited cabin captain rang admiral secretary navy department appointment ten clock morning peter holmes stay arranged meet captain morning secretary office appointment took train home falmouth lunch rode bicycle station hot home glad uniform shower cold meal found mary concerned baby prowess crawling left lounge told kitchen peel potatoes thing knew passage kitchen door devil tremendous pace sat lunch kind playpen wooden things fold nodded thinking rows beads part abacus suppose stopped babies didn want shook head don friends baby baby scout bit find
presents peter holmes took wife night playpen appreciated brand playpen painted pastel green brightly coloured beads abacus set lawn house called mary examined critically testing stability sure baby couldn pull top hope paint won sucks green paint dangerous asked shop oil paint acetone saliva paint things stood looked pretty colour beautifully curtains nursery thought blue thought put arms round kissed lovely present fearful job tram thank kissed glad fetched baby house put pen short drinks sat lawn bars baby smoking cigarettes watching reaction environment
dwight raised periscope put eyes visible walking street wet clothes saw pause door drugstore look turned corner lost sight captain intention coming turned periscope executive secure loud hailer course santa maria middle channel ten knots dead silence submarine broken helm orders low murmur turbines intermittent whizzing steering engine dwight towers heavily cabin peter holmes re going try sir shore radiation suit dwight glanced liaison officer nice offer commander won accept thought say put officer shore couple fetch find maybe stuck hours risking ship taking maybe eaten contaminated food drunk contaminated water paused thing mission submerged living tinned air twenty days maybe twenty pretty bad shape
siren blew blasts quarter hour explored gained living quarters knew find bodies found want coding room broke door papers interest historians australia anyway captain forbidden board stairs transmitting office minutes left straight pile copies saturday evening post suspected numbers issued left pearl harbor outbreak war seen ship seen avidly contained concluding serial lady lumberjack sat read siren blew blasts roused halfway hesitated moment rolled magazines tucked arm dinghy radiation suit hot left locker outer casing submarine washed sea water roll hot magazines deflated dinghy survive dried read safe southern latitudes
peter holmes reported naval member returned admiral motioned sit met commander towers minutes night lieutenant commander glad hear sir yes suppose want continuation appointment peter diffidently general situation mean months left admiral nodded correct told saw prefer shore months hesitated think bit wife course offered young cigarette lit going dry dock hull reconditioning suppose yes sir captain anxious saw naval member office morning weeks longer present conditions stay liaison officer going paused commander towers asked continue appointment live home falmouth takes hour quarters commander towers
fashioned storey brick house john stood mother bed unwell lady fallen sick sunday morning won grand prix managed doctor monday daily maid turned scientist sick mother opened eyes quarter hour john happen think mum gently going happen dr hamilton say remember told mum don think coming getting silence die john don week absurd lady closed eyes took basin bathroom washed brought bedroom opened eyes ming asked put garden want terribly sorry muttered dreadfully lonely mum son confidence
tuesday night disturbed night holmes baby began crying morning cried incessantly till dawn sleep young father mother clock vomited raining cold faced grey light weary unwell mary peter don think don replied think getting passed hand brow wearily thought country say comfort put kettle cup tea crossed cot looked baby quiet moment cup tea thought night forced smile lovely kitchen put kettle feeling terrible wanted sick night course worry jennifer peter busy kitchen quietly bathroom knowing sick think worried kitchen stale smell
drew kiss refused mind phrased words starts crying nodded slowly thanks turned gangway submarine women standing head gangway apparently aboard carrier run gangway watched dwight appeared bridge interior submarine took con watched lower end gangway released lines singled saw stern line spring cast watched dwight spoke voice pipe watched water swirl beneath stern propellers ran slow ahead stern swung began rain grey sky bow line spring cast coiled slammed steel hatch superstructure shut submarine slow astern arc carrier vanished dwight left bridge lifted hand salutation lifted eyes blurred tears low hull vessel swung point vanished murk women turned steel port
usual reveille sounded hammer banged rail staff hut intermittent ringing faintly window panes fingers thick frost died rapidly cold warder want banging noise stopped window pitch dark latrines dark night yellow light lamps perimeter inside camp fell window reason open hut sound orderlies lifting barrel poles order carry overslept reveille gave parade ninety minutes unsupervised knew camp earn sewing cover mittens piece lining fetching gang leader dry felt boots bunk fellow stumble barefoot pile looking going store rooms want sweeping carrying going mess hall pick bowls tables piles dish washer chance getting eat idea worse found left bowl couldn resist starting lick
sky black impossible stars lights camp broad beams searchlights continually swept parade ground camp special camp established warders lot flares type front electricity failed let flares parade ground white yellow red front later stopped thought expensive dark reveille experienced eye obvious small signs soon called parade assistant mess orderly able feed assistant pocket summon hut occupied sick leave camp breakfast artist beard shuffled culture education section fetch paint brush paint numbers prison uniforms tartar strode rapidly parade ground direction staff hut generally speaking meant cover warming sweet minutes shrewd hide tartar corner hut caught
artists camp painted pictures free authorities took turns present parade today grey beard painted number cap anointed brow priest painted painted occasionally blowing glove thin knitted glove hand grew stiff cold scarcely manage form numbers artist renewed jacket rope coat hand coat loose searchers caught gang noticed member gang smoking pipe cigarette meant able smoke ask direct stood close half turning looked past looked past air indifference saw drag thinking rarely dragged cigarette circle red ash moved cigarette shortening crept holder jackal stood directly opposite watching mouth burning eyes scrap tobacco left today saw prospect getting evening tense expectation desire concentrated dog end felt ready give freedom wouldn lower wouldn stare mouth
members gang began push table handed bowls heads prisoners seated table summer sit bench dressed scarcely squeeze wasn easy wield spoons reckoning bowls contrived swipe lost getting eat raised knee stomach pulled spoon marked boot took cap tucked left arm stirred porridge round edge bowl moment gave entire attention act eating taking porridge meagre helping bottom bowl putting carefully mouth rolling tongue hurry finished offer bowl seen business extra bowls eating standing directly opposite looking extra portions accrued gang trying convey extra portion half swarthy young eating calmly face noticed standing front remembered extra portions
soon began smoke spotted pair green eyes sparkling hut softened jackal pull seen score success game today leave wasn able hear gang leader telling story sat poor wretch front stove head side gang leader marked face lit flames stove continued story pity talking odds ends sold dealer quarter bought couple loaves bread counter rationing thought hop goods train brought tough penalties couldn buy tickets remember money let travel voucher couldn platform militiamen barrier guards wandering sides tracks watery sun setting puddles beginning freeze spend night climbed smooth brick wall jumped loaves bread platform lavatory stayed passenger soldier transit
carriers looked winded horses captain turned grey round forty getting colder hands working fingers beginning feel numb ragged mittens cold getting left boot stamped foot didn bend reach wall break reached block scoop mortar hey lads badgered blocks wall put em wall captain glad help lacked strength wasn sort ivan show put em refused asked asks refuse baptists site power station sound rail banged clearly heard knocking mortar left ah tried hard give mortar give mortar gang leader shouted box mortar mixed laying didn empty box tomorrow smash box pieces mortar set hard able hack picks
gang leapt forward steps doors rush surged steps pushing hard pushed worth porch shook lamp porch squeaked re bastards furious brought stick shoulders shoving moving steps charge gang didn care mixed sort crush line gang shouted top let friends friends hell let hey let gang shoved front glad let jammed side crowd rocked side side ready gruel lawful gruel tried tack seized hold rails left grabbed posts porch pulled ground feet hit knee ribs drew oaths stood foot edge top step waited gang saw stretched hands
fellow charge hut real swine locked rest night behaved official afraid opposite fact afraid hand warders smash face classified invalid lost finger fight tell face fact exactly criminal record things hung article ended camp number report meant days cells didn door slowly rushed top bunks leaping bears hurtling narrow door holding cigarette rolled hand able overcome craving jumped nimbly shoved feet felt boots started move felt sorry wasn wanted felt genuinely sorry thought didn understand received parcel shouldn gloated straight store room quickly evening check
asleep began grumble move shoving feet boots took padded trousers freeze blanket fuck exclaimed wasn angry sleep put hand gave couple biscuits lumps sugar slice sausage thank leaning pass bag put pillow safety things couldn pinched top bunks easily think looking passed white bag neatly tied slipped mattress waited driven standing bare feet corridor warder snarled corner jumped gingerly floor bare feet felt boots foot cloths position stove shame disturb number pairs slippers sewn recounts wouldn slippers found gangs boots drying room wasn bad
fog clears sitting room didn shock shop remember took shaving room locked seclusion don remember breakfast call mind mornings locked seclusion black boys bringing seconds supposed eat till breakfast lie pee stinking mattress watching wipe egg toast smell grease hear chew toast mornings bring cold mush force eat salted morning plain don remember things call pills don thing till hear ward door open ward door opening means clock means maybe hour half cold seclusion room technicians installed big nurse ordered wouldn slightest notion hear noise ward door hall sight ward door starts opening opens closes thousand times click morning sit lined side room mixing jigsaw puzzles breakfast listen key hit lock wait coming
strapped chair corner stops hooks thumbs pockets leans laugh sees funnier sudden scared laughing knew sitting knees pulled arms wrapped staring straight ahead couldn hear thing act look remember part real clear remember closed eye tipped head looked healing wine colored scar nose laughing thought laughing funny looked indian face black oily indian hair thought maybe laughing weak looked remember thinking laughing wasn fooled minute deaf dumb act didn difference act laughing winking let story big chief look sittin bull sitdown strike looked laugh joke sniggered looked winked chief billy called room
black telephones blacker learned dark row likely devote cleaning scrubbing keeping ward order instance boys uniforms spotless snow white cold stiff wear starched snow white pants white shirts metal snaps side white shoes polished ice shoes red rubber soles silent mice hall noise move materialize parts ward patient figures check private whisper secret guy patient corner sudden squeak frost forms cheek turns direction cold stone mask floating wall sees black face body walls white white suits polished clean refrigerator door black face hands float ghost training black boys tune closer closer big nurse frequency able disconnect direct wires operate beams orders loud leaves written instructions found visiting wife schoolteacher
calls today meeting today hell bells saw today asking couple questions nice easy questions questions sticks stones billy turns asks don answer don answer smiles makes note book hell comes billy don answer questions mack admit keeping quiet bastards government beat thing blow business face bleeding earth blow asks questions don tell hell yeah says shaking fist tell hell mack upset par question patient tell hell tell hell haven hurt crowding closer answers okay tell re listed potential shipped upstairs disturbed ward happen times poor don ward saturday afternoon movie
christmas midnight button place ward door blows open crash comes fat beard eyes ringed red cold nose color cherry black boys cornered hall flashlights tangled tinsel public relation stringing place stumbling dark shading red eyes flashlights sucking mustache ho ho ho says stay hurrying tight schedule ya ho ho going black boys move flashlights discharged clean shaven skinny pole big nurse able set wall clock speed wants turning dials steel door takes notion hurry things turns speed hands whip disk spokes wheel scene picture screen windows goes rapid light show morning noon night throb furiously dark driven mad passing fake awful scramble shaves breakfasts appointments lunches medications ten minutes night barely eyes closed dorm light screaming start scramble sonofabitch going full schedule maybe twenty times hour till big nurse sees breaking point slacks throttle pace clock dial kid fooling moving picture projection machine finally tired watching film run ten times natural speed bored silly scampering insect squeak talk turned normal
manage slip collar maybe pete combine missed getting soon controls maybe growed wild country batting place town longer months kid school hold logging gambling running carnival wheels traveling lightfooted fast keeping move combine chance installed maybe gave combine chance gave black boy chance thermometer yesterday morning moving target hard hit wife wanting linoleum relatives pulling watery eyes care makes free con maybe reason black boys don rush put stop singing control remember peter control lot bigger pete comes getting going big nurse waiting sidelines needle nod reason figure black boys haven stopped singing stop rest
fog machine platoon operate fog machines airfields overseas intelligence figured bombing attack generals secret wanted pull sight hid spies base couldn fogged field simple rig ordinary compressor sucks water tank special oil tank compresses black stem end machine blooms white cloud fog cover airfield ninety seconds thing saw landed europe fog machines close transport soon hit ground fog crew started machines look transport round scratched windows watch jeeps draw machines close plane watch fog boil till rolled field stuck windows wet cotton found plane referees horn lieutenant blowing sounded goose honking soon hatch couldn maybe feet direction felt airfield safe enemy
sudden remember supposed clean staff room clean staff room meetings scared chair staff let clean room didn think hear saw lift hand told won hear won figure hearing listening secrets meant ears staff room expect sure hear ahead thinking cleaning don prove obvious getting full force dangers let let lure fog black boy leaning wall door arms crossed pink tongue tip darting lips watching sitting front tv set eyes dart tongue stop leather eyelids raise watches wondering acted group meeting comes wall lurch breaking contact goes broom closet brings bucket soapy water sponge drags arm hangs bucket bale hanging kettle fireplace boom
big nurse acted confident staff meeting worried didn difference weekend week hard black boys patients loving won bet nurse goat collected didn stop going ahead acting hollering hall laughing black boys frustrating staff going step big nurse hall ask didn mind tellin actual inch inch measurement big ol breasts conceal walked past ignoring chose ignore nature tagged outsized badges femininity sex weak flesh posted assignments bulletin board read duty office knocked window personally thanked honor told think urinal told wasn sufficient thank
stomping counter hooked thumbs pockets told salesgirl give couple cartons maybe cartons grinning plan lot smokin ringing didn stop meeting afternoon half listening face reality problems adjust finally yells re helped honest says don gums soft smiles jim re forty happened catch look sitting corner wasn fiddling deck cards dozing magazine meetings weeks wasn slouched sitting stiff chair flushed reckless look face looked big nurse watched ringing higher eyes blue stripes white eyebrows shot watched cards turning poker table minute going crazy thing disturbed sure seen look guys climbed black boy
didn money getting notion wanted sign list talked fishing chinook salmon wanted knew fool thing want signed coming telling wasn deaf hearing talk boats fishing show hearing confidence past ten big nurse found heard scheming treachery didn think listening hunt electric saw fix knew deaf dumb bad wanted smile think acting deaf wanted hear lay bed night fishing trip thought deaf letting heard wondered act remembered thing wasn started acting deaf started acting dumb hear say hospital took acting couldn hear talk
grumbled towel woke look heads blue lack blood cut sheets tied tight chest looking dorm till finally centered weak watered looks faces wistful curious lay watching pull warm clothes trip making feel uneasy guilty sense singled chronic making trip watched guys welded wheelchairs catheters legs vines rooting rest lives watched knew instinctively going jealous wasn damped animal instincts wake sudden nights knows guy died dorm throw heads howl jealous left remember look list tried talk acute signing going line kicking beds guys sheets pulled heads telling thing teeth gale sea goddam yo heave ho bottle rum
girl late sat room robes listening turkle tell army stories passed turkle cigarettes smoking funny holding smoke inhaled till eyes bugged harding asked manner cigarette smoking smelled provocative turkle high breath holding voice jus plain cigarette hee hee yes want billy nervous afraid girl show afraid asking didn bed sitting cold dark hounds waiting kitchen table scraps grinned felt going bed wasn cold pleasant relax half light listen turkle tell tales acted sleepy worried clock girl showed turkle suggested maybe late ward dark couldn tell obvious truth ran halls turning light place turn big overhead wake lights dorm harding told bed share things
happened lot thought thinking bound happened turkle girls ward planned big nurse found maybe look billy face billy heard sat hospital playing poker carson city reno someplace let big nurse move play let nose signed game wasn breaking contract soon started getting bed circulating ward story place spreading brush fire low talk asked whore dorm jesus whore told drunken blast boot planning sneak crew didn wake
rest afternoon martini ridiculed called crummy sideshow fake lying hours passed swelling began eyes saw guys strolling look figure watched walk acting going magazine rack drinking fountain sneak look face watched tried figure sure thing wouldn left sit room tacked twenty thirty big nurse happen buck system sure waited night sounds dorm told asleep black boys stopped making rounds turned head pillow bed mine listening breathing hours wheeled lifted stretcher bed listening lungs stumbling stopping starting hoping listened stop turned look cold moon window pouring light dorm skim milk sat bed shadow fell body cleave half hips shoulders leaving black space
kino wrapped blanket head nose shoulders slipped feet sandals watch dawn door squatted gathered blanket ends knees saw specks gulf clouds flame high air goat sniffed stared cold yellow eyes juana fire leaped flame threw spears light chinks brush house wall threw wavering square light door late moth find fire song family kino rhythm family song grinding stone juana worked corn morning cakes dawn quickly wash glow lightness explosion fire sun arose gulf kino looked cover eyes glare hear pat house rich smell cooking plate ants busy ground big black shiny bodies dusty quick ants kino watched detachment god dusty ant frantically tried escape sand trap ant lion dug thin timid dog close soft word kino curled arranged tail neatly feet laid chin delicately pile
newcomers beggars front church experts financial analysis looked quickly juana blue skirt saw tears shawl appraised green ribbon braids read age kino blanket thousand washings clothes set poverty kind drama develop beggars front church knew town students expressions young women confession saw read nature sin knew scandal big crimes slept posts shadow church crept consolation knowledge knew doctor knew ignorance cruelty appetites sins knew clumsy abortions brown pennies gave sparingly seen corpses church early mass business slow procession endless searchers perfect knowledge fellow fat lazy doctor indigent baby bite scurrying procession big gate wall doctor house hear splashing water singing caged birds sweep brooms flagstones
town lay broad estuary yellow plastered buildings hugging beach beach white blue canoes drawn canoes preserved generations hard shell waterproof plaster making secret fishing high graceful canoes curving bow stern braced section mast stepped carry small sail beach yellow sand water edge rubble shell algae took place fiddler crabs bubbled sputtered holes sand shallows lobsters popped tiny homes rubble sand sea bottom rich crawling swimming growing things brown algae waved gentle currents green eel grass swayed sea horses clung stems spotted poison fish lay bottom eel grass beds bright colored swimming crabs scampered beach hungry dogs hungry pigs town searched endlessly dead fish sea bird floated rising tide morning young hazy mirage uncertain air magnified things blotted hung gulf sights unreal vision trusted sea land sharp vagueness dream
doctor neighbors reluctantly returned houses kino squatted glowing coals fire hole listened night sound soft sweep waves shore distant barking dogs creeping breeze brush house roof soft speech neighbors houses village sleep soundly night awaken intervals talk sleep kino door house smelled breeze listened foreign sound secrecy creeping eyes searched darkness music evil sounding head fierce afraid probed night senses place side post pearl buried dug brought sleeping mat sleeping mat dug hole dirt floor buried pearl covered juana sitting fire hole watched questioning eyes buried pearl asked fear kino searched true answer feel shell hardness drawing lay sleeping mat juana put baby box tonight cradled arms covered face head shawl
juana put head shawl carefully draped end elbow gathered hand hammock hung arm hammock propped head shawl remember kino put large straw hat felt hand properly side head rash unmarried irresponsible flat elder wear tilted forward show aggressiveness seriousness vigor deal seen tilt hat kino slipped feet sandals pulled thongs heels pearl wrapped soft piece deerskin leather bag leather bag pocket kino shirt folded blanket carefully draped narrow strip left shoulder ready kino stepped dignity house juana carrying marched freshet washed alley town neighbors joined houses belched doorways spewed children seriousness occasion walked kino brother juan tomas juan tomas cautioned brother careful cheat
kino neighbors whispered afraid pearl large strange color suspicious thousand pesos thrown comparative wealth wealthy suppose kino took thousand pesos yesterday kino grown tight hard felt creeping fate circling wolves hover vultures felt evil coagulating helpless protect heard ears evil music black velvet pearl glistened dealer eyes crowd doorway wavered broke let pearl dealers crowd silent fearing miss word fail gesture expression kino silent watchful felt tugging turned looked juana eyes looked renewed strength dealers glance pearl desk put pearl owner think fair ask examine thing offer notice kino mentioned offered dealer dry stringy pearl
trackers whined excited dogs warming trail kino slowly drew big knife hand ready knew trackers found swept place leap horseman kill quickly rifle chance drew nearer road kino dug pits toes leap warning feet slip vision fallen limb juana hidden place heard pad horse hoofs gurgled took quickly put shawl gave breast silent trackers kino legs legs horse fallen branch saw dark horny feet ragged white clothes heard creak leather saddle clink spurs trackers stopped swept place studied horseman stopped horse flung head bit bit roller clicked tongue horse snorted dark trackers turned studied horse watched ears kino breathing arched muscles arms legs stood tension line sweat formed upper lip
sun moved downward bare stone teeth mountains kino set direction dark shadowy cleft range water distance hint foliage passage smooth stone range deep cleft danger trackers think empty water bottle let consideration enter sun lowered kino juana struggled wearily steep slope cleft high gray stone mountains frowning peak spring bubbled rupture stone fed shade preserved snow summer died completely bare rocks dry algae bottom nearly gushed cold clean lovely times quick rains fell freshet send column white water crashing mountain cleft nearly lean spring bubbled pool fell hundred feet pool overflowing dropped continued rubble upland disappeared altogether wasn left anyway fell escarpment thirsty air drank splashed pools dry vegetation
la remembers return family saw fathers grandfathers told remember event happened late golden afternoon boys ran hysterically town spread word kino juana coming hurried sun settling western mountains shadows ground left deep impression saw rutted country road city walking single file kino ahead juana usual side side sun shadows stalked ahead carry towers darkness kino rifle arm juana carried shawl sack shoulder small limp heavy bundle shawl crusted dried blood bundle swayed walked face hard lined leathery fatigue tightness fought fatigue wide eyes stared remote removed heaven kino lips thin jaws tight say carried fear dangerous rising storm
let john write chapter twist things panting thrombosis strange things happened months feel write re fresh minds written john mature repress thing john curse don think needs system miss stewart typing class unusual type letter shape hourglass kind thing suspected reason john things extremely handsome hate admit ugly boy reform school feet tall sort longish brown hair blue eyes gigantic eyes look especially middle fantastic everyday lies drinks smokes boy heard analysts call family source problem say drinks smokes assert independence tried explain dangerous smoking trouble finding case history similar book sigmund freud
lorraine told handsome fabulous eyes miss king english teacher going tell think goes laughs talks says card card calls sounds ridiculous coming mouth maid english teacher practically fifty hate teacher show times expression sounds date sure times card date anymore makes annoying fact thing lorraine liked didn saying cards jazzy cool hip delightful show re trying believe re times saying delightful forgotten stuff paranoia magazine lorraine gave read months ago reading eyes exploding nutty beehives things part impressed article crazy lady sanitarium hoarded food sheets towels bathrobes wear bathrobes
john art sake call compensation syndrome boring measured daydreams stand makes things pretend exciting course caught lie makes believe telling lie fun whomever telling think meets eye involved tell believes enjoy maybe actors start don term miss king asked happened book report supposed hand johnny tremain told spilled coffee night coffee dried sugar paper cockroaches ate book report interested knowing part johnny tremain john end reading page forty poor guy spills molten metal hand cripples part finally book report page forty ninety eighty read thing course writing book reports exactly kind writing want don want report
side door leading room looked tried fix lived failed thing floor kitchen stopped lorraine hungry mean making home awhile stood bashful touching things walk bookcase touch book stroll table admire handle drawer fifteen minutes laughing treasure hunt smiling saying home ahead home lot junk interesting thing found table drawer full popular mechanics magazines interesting thing lorraine found icebox try insisted holding bowl things looked spaghetti sauce lorraine muttered stuffed mouth re snails bathroom lorraine asked face turning stark white upstairs room pigs started lifting bigger country hear lorraine upstairs minutes
bum dixie called dixie south told story professor southern pines university took lsd part experimental program lost power concentration academic end lost power concentration thought writing story john told bum month ago confederate called south john told entirely story taking speed reading course reading faster read fast buy copies book cut pages put tables room run pages fast read written scientific american magazine january issue check supposed sister marlboro vermont thing tragedy supposed happened running room fast banged table lost power concentration eleven forty boat manhattan
cut dear alice thing reminded norton things tell involved memorial epic later lorraine told thinks norton hate true norton low scale evolution belongs age cro norton actually play dolls kid mother fault dear alice column didn play dolls anymore kids cracks berserk age ten berserk ten neighborhood turned tough guy picking fights throwing stones beating fact tough calling guys freshman going bathroom bomber complex norton specialist finger discount small stuff costume jewelry mother candy bars newspapers worse eyes drift focus re talking type guy grow killer understand suspicious norton invited cemetery beer thanksgiving
lorraine dragged jane telephone kids quiet nervous hello mother lorraine started looking thief calling phone booth corner jane block mother dinner going stay couple hours homework silence lorraine face looked tiptoeing thin ice jane set give routine girl telephone call check story mrs jensen appreciate let lorraine stay awhile don understand biology daughter real brain kids going dance st mary hall heard lorraine party idea rocky romano real social organizer group looks bit weasel keeps party moving mainly idiotic face nick problem terrified girls brewery fine learn drink mean reads worrying getting liver trouble things josephine complete waste worth mentioning tony problem likes opera think save rest cheese lorraine blurted serving tray
opened mouth tried words couldn speak tears began roll cheeks raised hand slapped mother screamed policeman jumped looked sorry brought door inside ordered voice switched hysterical commanding heard working nurse ability deal doctors policemen forced dress wash smeared makeup face put pair pajamas heard front door slam knew benefit moment later doorway looking expression face disbelief disgust didn wrong slowly unsure move wanted scream thoughts flashing mind wanted tell didn noticed happened human wasn girl waved window stood bus stop look wanted yell growing friends want friends need
lit cigarette watched smoke climb light ceiling chill couldn stop legs shaking standing spot felt moving forward thoughts jumped wondering lorraine waiting knowing standing monkey house stuck top small planet whirling space moving forward lorraine nightmare forced room black curtains knew monkey house moment glimpsing cold tiles draft moved nice solid fact someday going end coffin tomb took puff cigarette hear lorraine voice saying killing didn think thought smoking drinking supposed live longer knew want die maybe true maybe dead turn kind grown knew hot living anyway think re disturbing influence think god death universe love poor mother father wanted tell longer wonder re stand going mind
science helps ways drop fork visitors carry rabbit foot luck afraid break mirror bad luck silly questions believe events study science help tell truth falsehood age science frightened comets eclipses thunder lightning knowing nature events helps fears water home treated purified electric lights enjoy comfort heated air conditioned home machines speed easier tasks daily living clothing wear durable easy care science provided fabrics methods making science cleaning materials nourishing foods materials buildings effective drugs cure prevent disease microfilm libraries receive computer based instruction permits talk computer heard terms computer programming decision making theory system analysis live age electronic brains guided missiles replacement human body parts developments affect daily developments result science science helps citizen
physical chemical matter taking place passing ice water paraffin wax melts heated gasoline evaporates quickly tight piece chalk ground fine powder alike substances called physical water chemically form ice steam chalk particles remain chalk matter size shape pieces gasoline remains gasoline evaporates matter produce substances called chemical decay dead plants souring milk rusting iron digestion food examples chemical processes substances formed chemical makeup properties original substances magnesium burns produce white powder called magnesium oxide magnesium oxide color metal luster magnesium iron rust chemically iron sweet milk chemically sour milk physical chemical change takes place energy change form heat absorbed energy released absorbed form light sound electricity common physical change heat absorbed melting ice boiling evaporation water
periodic table data study properties elements predict behavior compounds formed elements chemists grouped elements order increasing atomic numbers special arrangement nuclei atoms element differ nuclei atoms element addition proton neutrons grouping forms basis periodic table shown fig elements hydrogen stands numbered horizontal rows called periods vertical columns numbered viii called groups elements group chemical physical properties alike elements group active chemically combine readily elements instance group elements react water follows lithium reacts slowly sodium fast potassium fast rubidium violently group viii family rare gases elements stable react readily elements chemists able prepare compounds elements left side periodic table active elements bottom side active elements top notice place metals nonmetals table metals iron zinc lead copper tin gold
nitrogen common gas air contrast oxygen nitrogen inactive element combine readily elements oxygen nitrogen odor taste color nitrogen dissolve readily water burn nitrogen react element union seldom stable compound breaks easily common explosives dynamite gunpowder tnt tri nitroglycerin compounds nitrogen destructive power explosives due rapid breakdown molecules breakdown turn heat gases expand quickly producing rapid combustion living things protein foods compounds nitrogen crops nitrogen compounds soil crops peas beans clover alfalfa put nitrogen compounds soil bacteria grow roots plants change nitrogen air nitrogen compounds process called nitrogen fixation nitrogen compounds returned soil crops adding nitrogen compounds soil fertilizers carbon dioxide needed plants carbon dioxide water vapor compounds found air amount carbon dioxide air small gas needed earth green plants carbon dioxide grow food making process green plants called photosynthesis
water pollution presents complex problems communities finding hard pure water need daily clean water health industries farm areas need large amounts water pollution water sources increasing demand clean water making current water shortages problem seen phosphate nitrate ions untreated sewage shorten span waterways ions increased growth water plants living water plants choke water die decay plants dissolved oxygen water fish forms animal die lack oxygen healthy body water supply dissolved oxygen obtaining clean water involves cleaning sewage discharge nation cope problems water pollution industrial agricultural wastes wastes include pesticides chemicals oils greases detergents organic matter pollutants enter rivers streams surface runoff land areas materials discharged directly factories industrial plants small amounts pollutants harmful effect human health health officials concerned effect materials period fig oil water pollutant pollutants visible oil covering white beach seaside community
solid waste disposal problems consumers idea throwing things country discard million cars million metric tons glass million tires million metric tons paper billion cans paper makes litter scattered roads highways united states consider population united states consumes resources junk cars present disposal problem cities towns cost recycle materials junk cars materials worth rubber tires plastics troublesome pollution problems worn rubber tires hard dispose burning tires produce air pollutants buried tires compacted slowly tend rise surface tires making tires tires dispose plastics broken natural plastics burned plastics melt tend foul burners plastics give poisonous gases burned fortunately chemists designed kind plastic direct sunlight kinds plastics developed biodegradable top soil pesticide ddt found high levels fat tissue animals including humans
gasoline hydrocarbons gasoline complex mixture compounds alkane series hydrocarbon compounds octane important hydrocarbons gasoline amount kind isomers gasoline affect quality instance gasoline branched chain hydrocarbons burns slowly gasoline straight chain compounds mixture gasoline air burns quickly car engine smooth power stroke pistons cylinder engine receive sharp hammer blows resulting lost power engine damage blows called knocking modern car engines compress gasoline air mixture original volume cylinder squeezing brings air gasoline particles close engine compresses mixture firing greater amount energy produced amount mixture compression gasoline vapor burn quickly knocking straight chain hydrocarbons burn quickly produce knocking gasoline branched chain compounds burn slowly high compression reason difference hard understand burning means combining oxygen straight chain molecule easily reached oxygen molecules gasoline air mixture branched chain molecule compact oxygen knocking prevented slower burning fuel adding catalysts gasoline catalyst widely purpose ethyl lead
thermoplastic articles plentiful seen cellulose nitrate making celluloid cellulose nitrate prepared treating cotton mixture nitric sulfuric acids soaked cotton dissolved mixture alcohol ether cellulose nitrate left jelly mass solvent evaporates added softening agent result celluloid things plastic shoe heel covers fabric coverings celluloid limited plastic burns readily creating fire hazard related plastic cellulose acetate reactions involved making cellulose acetate cellulose nitrate difference acetic acid place nitric acid similar cellulose nitrate cellulose acetate vacuum cleaner parts combs toys eyeglass frames recording tapes photo film lamp shades cellulose acetate burn readily vinyl plastics tough strong flexible types vinyl bent weakening tearing resist chemicals water heat cold known items vinyl plastics include raincoats door frames inflatable water toys garden hoses floor covering shower curtains wall coverings fig group widely thermoplastics acrylic plastic sold trade names lucite acrylics airplane building windows outdoor signs car tail lights furniture salad bowls surgical instruments skylights costume jewelry
silk comes caterpillar silk wool comes animal cocoons mulberry provide source silk fibers caterpillars larvae feed mulberry tree leaves spin cocoons cover protect slowly change moths fig silk starts liquid comes tiny glands mouth caterpillar fluid comes contact air solid strand silk caterpillar builds cocoon winding strand laid straight line strand reach length weeks insect bores hole end cocoon comes moth silk obtained cocoons punctured insect steam hot air kill insect comes cocoon cocoons treated heat soften gummy material fibers unwound joined fibers cocoons form single strand silk process takes cocoons needed produce kilogram raw silk reason silk costly natural fiber molecule silk large protein polymer silk strongest natural fiber elastic wrinkle resistant
forms energy types energy discussed earlier forms energy energy defined ability forms energy measured terms amount forms energy include heat electrical nuclear light sound magnetism study energy forms later chapters forms energy changed form forms energy motion matter forms energy energy changed kind water dam potential energy potential energy kinetic energy water gathers speed fall river suppose child throws ball straight air ball goes stops comes path constant change energy kinetic potential kinetic ball starts kinetic energy child arm gravity reduces ball speed kinetic energy reaches highest point throw point ball greatest amount potential energy turn changed kinetic energy ball falls earth ball returns child hand speed kinetic energy thrown
heat transferred place place heat moves warm place colder place places temperature movement heat transfer heat needed build fire furnace instance want heat reach parts house rooms warmed ways movement hot air hot water steam direct radiation heat transferred place conduction convection radiation conduction transfer heat substance direct molecular contact silver conducts heat stir hot liquid silver spoon handle spoon hot heat liquid transferred metal inside metal heat moves molecule molecule entire spoon hot ability common metals conduct heat shown fig metals conduct heat nonmetals solids conductors heat liquids liquids conductors gases molecules solids closer molecules liquids molecules liquids turn closer gases fig substances poor conductors heat called insulators cork sawdust snow enclosed dead air particles insulators air circulate insulator
cars run internal combustion engines steam engines steam turbines classified external combustion engines fuel burns boiler located engine gasoline diesel engines examples internal combustion engines engines fuel burns inside cylinders common gasoline engine stroke engine term refer number cylinders number steps engine operation engines type widely cars light airplanes figure shows steps operation stroke engine stroke intake piston slides intake stroke causing low pressure form upper part cylinder mixture air gasoline vapor sprayed cylinder carburetor open intake valve exhaust valve closed engines fuel injection system carburetor force measured amount fuel cylinder proper compression stroke piston travels upward follows intake stroke stage intake exhaust valves closed piston moves squeezes compresses air gasoline vapor smaller space power stroke takes place piston reaches top stroke electric spark jumps gap spark plug explode air gasoline mixture
earth magnetic field earth acts huge magnet sir william gilbert tests magnets known earth magnetized gilbert studied earth acts magnet books earth behaves huge bar magnet buried deep surface imaginary buried magnet slightly tilted polar axis earth magnetic poles line geographic poles fig compass needle points magnetic pole true geographic pole san diego instance compass points degrees east true north boston points degrees west true north angle magnetic pole geographic pole called declination navigation charts constantly updated magnetic poles slowly shifting link magnetic forces electric currents danish teacher named oersted saw surprised happened notice compass needle moved current turned nearby wire tests oersted found electric current produces magnetic field suppose true recall electric current moving electrons begin understand matter act magnet matter atoms electrons revolving orbit spinning axes
radio stations produce radio waves radio station complex set circuits parts called transmitter send radio waves transmitter electron tube called oscillator produces high frequency alternating currents electrons current surge antenna transmitting station movement takes place quickly bursts electromagnetic waves produced electrons jump orbit orbit atom radiate space antenna waves known carrier waves point waves message deliver simply radio waves difference light waves radio waves radio waves lower frequency countries agreed set frequency bands commercial broadcasters frequency bands reserved amateurs police airlines military units carrier wave send music voice modulated message coded wave carrier wave modulated reason think sound waves frequencies audible sound waves range low cycles high cycles radio broadcasting sound frequencies reasons frequencies words music constantly changing station broadcast fixed point radio dial
sound stored records tape early phonographs worked fairly simple principle grooves record smooth caused needle vibrate record turned needle caused diaphragm vibrate give sound modern electronic record players vibrations needle produce changing electric current current amplified operates loudspeaker modern record players single needle send separate sound tracks speakers record tracks give sound quality sound hear ears ear hears sound slightly direction making record type pick microphones produce sound tracks record sound tracks played loudspeakers giving depth sound tape recorder advantages plastic disc type record recording head track iron oxide powder reel tape magnetic pattern corresponds sound pattern recorded tape played magnetism produces feeble currents pick coils currents amplified operate loudspeaker program tape erased magnet tape reused recording tv programs magnetic tape waves frequencies million recording heads produce magnetic patterns wide magnetic tape
sun giving amounts energy energy travels sun directions let compare crowded campfire closest fire warmest farthest coolest closest fire light farthest campfire dark light heat forms energy sun energy energy planets receive small amount energy planets sun energy planets farther sun energy goes space waves waves called radiant energy waves strike objects space change takes place objects strike radiant energy heat heat energy raises temperature object object loses heat energy temperature goes thermometer measures change temperature energy sun warm bodies warms sea land pour water baby food jar cover bottom set jar window happen water evaporate air energy sun water evaporate large amounts water evaporate oceans lakes school playground dries quickly rain shower water evaporates rises warm air later air cools
mercury planet nearest sun solar system hottest fastest moving planet orbits sun days mercury makes orbits earth makes spacecraft mariner took pictures mercury pictures showed mercury looks moon venus earth mercury called earth sister planet size earth thick clouds cover venus clouds reflect sunlight makes venus look bright venus seen sunset called evening star wrong clouds show venus show venus kind atmosphere atmosphere layer gases surrounding planet space probes show atmosphere hot atmosphere hot water boils planet sun earth fill books earth earth reasons earth hot cold plants animals found places earth mars distant planets cold earth materials support plants animals need carbon dioxide oxygen water live earth plenty things mars mars fourth planet sun landing viking mars told mars
members solar system sun planets moons look space mars jupiter page scientists discovered objects region called planetoids meters kilometers wide kilometers wide objects travel sun comets imagine pile gravel flying air idea comet comets large heads tails thousands orbit sun comet nears sun energy sun strikes head energy pushes lighter matter head forms tail famous comet halley comet comet makes regular trips sun comes earth expected seen sky small objects space earth seen flash light night sky lasts nights sky filled streaks call shooting stars small bits stony material enter earth atmosphere called meteors meteor burning hot falls atmosphere
water running rivers streams water deep earth crust water called groundwater easily seen drill holes ground wells reach groundwater pump groundwater minerals water seep roofs caves water evaporates minerals left form stones look icicles point roof cave water drips icicles forms stones floor cave stones point roof cave watched person sandblasting stone building sandblasting cleans building strong blast air blows sand stone grain sand wears dirt building sand carried strong winds wear huge rocks moving grains sand grind bits rock thousands rock worn sand carried distances wind grains sand travel hundreds kilometers dust blown farther sand think dust air carried continents wind moves amounts sand dust wind pile sand dunes hundreds meters thick places earth cold winter snow falls packed ice
chapter learned volcanoes lava volcanoes melted rock material granite formed underground melted rock material rocks formed melted rock material called igneous rocks lava granite kinds igneous rocks kinds rocks learned rocks broken water wind ice rocks broken sediments sediments pressed form rocks kind rock called sedimentary rock sandstone sedimentary rock forms sand older broken rocks look closely piece sandstone looks grainy grains cemented scratch piece sandstone sand sandstone rub nail scratch nail sandstone quartz quartz harder nail limestone sedimentary rock forms bones shells sea animals put vinegar piece limestone bubble fizz calcite limestone reacts vinegar form bubbles gas gas carbon dioxide bodies sea animals break settle bottom mix sediment rock shells bones called fossils fossils greatly changed sediment rock finding rock fossils finding history book
rocks earth crust covered soil places soil hundreds meters thick centimeters deep think soil comes large plants grow soil animals plants food soil food look handful soil run fingers feel look soil hand lens look soil bits rock mixed plant animal matter matter decayed minerals put soil decays small living plants animals soil part soil soil forms slowly wind water temperature help soil look rocks millions soil soil seen kinds soil sand clay loam kinds soil soil top ground deep soil layer top growing things called topsoil sand hold water played sand water fast water runs sand clay kinds rock dust bits clay packed tightly clay hold water dries cracks
plants green plants colors plants trap energy light food animals food plants animals study picture facing page shows common nongreen plants find kinds plants growing nongreen plants grow seeds roots stems flowers real leaves indian pipes dodder plants kind indian pipes grow moist woodlands woods trees fall die wood trees rots indian pipes rotting trees food dodder plant start growing seed young plant grows touches green plant dodder grows stem green plant parts dodder grow green plant part dodder soil dies dodder takes food green plant mushrooms molds nongreen plants called fungi fungi roots stems leaves flowers fungi energy dead plants kinds energy living things mushrooms eat poison sickness death pick mushrooms eat trained person pick mushrooms eat molds grow food molds spoil food
suppose walking home friend sees friend asks friend want feel things things activity move think activities feel activities feel healthy healthy healthy fun play want feel try healthy put automobile run gasoline toaster plugged electricity gasoline electricity supply energy energy needed things move change energy food need energy sit stand energy needed move energy science class playground energy foods foods starch sugar lot energy cereals grain lot starch flour wheat wheat grain bread cake cookies flour energy foods sweet foods give lots energy candy soda ice cream sweet foods energy need sweet foods vegetables starch sugar things person needs healthy
think sounds hear schoolroom sounds heard sounds moving sounds talking sounds pencil sharpener sounds write chairs tables desks sounds think sounds health healthy sounds play hear sounds sickness classroom cough sound classroom cold cough symptom cold symptom sign symptoms colds stuffy heads runny noses red eyes symptoms symptom heard seen person cold feel symptom catching cold catching cold mean cold disease mumps chickenpox flu diseases diseases symptoms diseases symptom mumps swelling ears red spots skin symptom chickenpox fever symptom flu fever higher usual temperature fever symptom diseases feeling suppose feel days symptom disease doctor checked doctor nurse check temperature doctor look symptoms
played game suppose baker thought dough pans ovens carpenter trouble maybe thought wood tools scientist scientist think test tubes powders germs partly scientist works matter weight takes space matter book desk school bus matter matter found states forms matter solid liquid gas solid fixed size shape big large rock powdery sand sugar liquids fixed size fixed shape liquids shape containers matter solid liquid gas gas fixed size shape gases hard notice invisible kind matter perfume solid liquid gas smell perfume fried chicken skunk smell gas water vapor gas smell water vapor air mixture gases smell air gases odor look picture
ice melts physical change takes place liquid changing solid physical change liquids changing gases gases changing liquids physical physical change affect looks thing change kind physical change kinds suppose break stick physical change change stick change stick physical think small matter small break stick small pieces grind piece chalk dust smallest thing scientists call smallest bits matter atoms molecules millions molecules tiniest speck dust atoms molecules seen powerful microscopes matter tiny atoms molecules try tiny pieces paper smallest piece millions molecules activities things matter added heat took heat things changed matter changed size shape matter physical physical change substance clay clay mold shape
fire dangerous fire heat fire warm change matter fire physical chemical heat melt matter boil matter metals changed solid liquid heat physical matter physical fire chemical raw meat tastes cooked easier chew cooking chemical change wood heated ovens charcoal garbage waste heated fertilizers chemical caused heat matter changing happen slowly differences seen thousand rocks look today ago brick metals change slowly kinds rapid cloth paper change rapidly protected burning materials change rapidly matter quickly mixed matter baking soda vinegar change quickly mixed light chemical film camera light film living matter faster matter alive living things change grow body warm fast chemical feel move touch taste chemical
plants animals compete things need plants animals air compete air air living things communities plants animals deserts water living things plants grow compete water desert plants roots water plants roots think plants grow water swamps likely large small roots animals compete water dry places desert animals drink small puddles pools camels live deserts camel drink liters water water days suppose camel drank small pool pool held liters water affect animals pool think animals live live water camel animals compete places live seen bird chase yard bird chasing keeping home birds birds area nests area called bird territory warnings birds songs warnings invade territory birds live lived hollow trees
look picture fence fence belongs farmer likes wildlife wild flowers grow fence grasshoppers insects live plants eat plants field mice birds live plants mice birds eat seeds plants birds eat insects fox hunts fence fox catch animal lives plants foxes eat mice starting community fence plants grow seeds thousands insects hatch eggs mice born grass lined nests birds hatched nests small community thousands living things think community crowded number plants animals stays plants animals dying plants die eaten insects insects die eaten birds foxes kill birds mice plants animals die plants animals live die learned plants compete grow space plants grow seeds plants likely live insects eat plant insects suck juices plants insects eat parts stems leaves plants quickly grow stems leaves
plants grow places plants grow fields forests grow hot dry places called deserts grow warm wet places called jungles plants grow lakes oceans plants grow home animals live places animals live fields forests live lakes rivers oceans live school yard animals live home plants grow place place plants needs need things grow plants need sunlight water soil plants grow need plants grow light water need soil look pictures plants need water plants need light plants grow plants needs grow places animals needs animals need water food live water live water animals live food eat animals live food find animals need shelter shelter protects ways shelters hiding places protect animals storms place plant animal lives called habitat habitats robin live tree yard robin habitat tree mushroom grow moss dead log
animals need food young need food grow older need food stay alive animals need amounts food need lot food need birds eat food size eat snakes eat week need food birds food think elephant eats lion live tree real lion lives ground golden lion live trees monkeys soft golden manes lions monkeys small size squirrels eat insects fruits endangered means living today cutting tree homes small monkeys places live trying help monkeys safe place place wildlife refuge trees homes food eat maybe saved green plants food food stored parts plants food stored roots stems food stored leaves seeds animals feed plant parts animals eat plants animals called plant eaters plant eaters large small elephants hippos eat leaves stems birds mice eat seeds
kind pet choose renee choose dog dan choose rabbit parrot peggy choice choices hundreds choices easy important wear blue shirt brown school today toast cereal breakfast choices harder choices live choose rabbit dog parrot pet want pet knowing care need school practice school play earn money shoveling snow filled choices renee dan peggy choice choose things wants father promised record album birthday record store looked albums hundreds choose saw wanted finally picked daddy mind holding albums promised album father choose choose want choosing means decide things ways acting choose record albums wanted
spider wasn today fat head fat body thin waist big round waistline fat pass looks today spider walking forest early morning noticed pleasant smell wrinkled nose sniffed air food forgotten today festival harvest village big forest preparing feast spider jumped joy mouth watered eyes sparkled smiled brightly taste food spider preparing harvest planted yams potatoes planted rice sea catch fish played sun slept custom west africa refuse food comes door spider found eat visiting friends fact ate villages today village feast lucky thought spider puzzled dinners wanted eat spider idea called oldest son
spider re faced choices equally equally bad choose favorite friends sleep overnight felt tell playmates stop teasing child knew unpopular sorry didn want difficult choices times want avoid choosing altogether results deciding unpleasant spider found choices spider story spider choose spider thin waist west african folktale folktale story handed group generations folktales tell deal spider story tell west africa paragraph group sentences groups sentences paragraphs paragraph job tell single main idea find main idea group sentences group sentences paragraph look groups sentences paragraphs main idea group sentences sentence talk spider looks look group sentences paragraph main idea spider wasn today fat head fat body thin waist
supper jeff told parents news papa franklin coming visit disappointed father excitement baseball game jeff forgotten papa franklin visit jeff thought minute papa franklin want game think wants think disappointed jeff mother decide decided game jeff night jeff thought papa franklin thought grandfather listened carefully jeff important things say thought grandfather fixed bike visit dad couldn fixed remembered stories grandfather told growing south morning jeff father think papa franklin feel bad yes jeff guess won game jeff sadly games father saturday jeff saw papa franklin coming walk glad choice choose think important jeff think important affect choices choose things affect choices abilities affect choices
think children picture influencing boy choice friends influenced ten speed bicycle camp night influence choices influence things say times influence words tell things looks faces positions bodies messages send tell re thinking feeling look children read messages re sending thinking feeling respond say act answer messages influence things say ways act words actions don tell exactly feel suppose birthday friend treating pizza give order say sausage says let mushroom suppose says sausage want think meant don sausage pizza want pizza enjoy important think mean helps understand respond
community belleville pennsylvania summer saturday sight remember streets usual rows parked cars line curbs horses stamp feet nearby gently moving black buggies re hitched belleville dress town don wear dark clothes boys wear straw hats felt hats wide brims girls women wear caps shawls apron covered dresses town amish amish groups believe bible tells amish reason chosen start communities schools amish communities found ohio indiana pennsylvania amish believe depending communities neighbor needs help building barn gladly help painting kitchen sawing wood sewing quilt brings neighbors help amish farmers believe working land brings closer god farming keeps families beliefs strong amish feel working towns cities believe weaken ties amish believe hard things easier
kinds plants animals live freshwater lake pond depend food happens sunshine helps green water plants algae grow things called carbon dioxide nitrates phosphates water algae grow tiny water animals called plankton eat algae small fish insects small animals eat plankton larger fish animals eat smaller bacteria live lake help lake clean plants animals die bacteria change things nitrates phosphates carbon dioxide things turn help algae grow chain lake goes imagine hot summer decide favorite beach swim finding clear water find water mysteriously turned pea soup happens believe stories think seen tried swimming parts lake erie lakes hot summer ago course water turned pea soup looked green thick pea soup caused pea soup problem huge amounts algae filled water algae grow look drawing lake community pages help happened
find big source phosphates home plain laundry detergent ago laundry detergents lot phosphates detergents phosphates enter sewage system finally dumped lake soon problems lake erie known communities lake michigan noticed signs oxygen starvation lake lake fish longer tests showed lot phosphates water communities began planning big costly job building sewage treatment plants communities decided cut amount phosphates going lake chicago community act chicago passed law stopping sale products phosphates later states michigan indiana passed similar laws means gina vito diana sammy find detergent neighborhood store phosphates find detergents bam bam phosphates look laundry detergent home look detergent local store kind sold community ban phosphates phosphorous levels lake michigan lake michigan didn outbreaks algae growth lake erie lake michigan faces problems lake trout fine fish finding lake safe place live
children neighborhood walk street school sidewalks lived caused lots problems children lookout cars trucks walked rainy days sides streets fill water dangerous walk center street children choice walk water didn mind parents especially weather cold children sniffles neighborhood decided build sidewalks children house built part sidewalk cement left making patio house concrete blocks building house retired woman house decided afford build sidewalk gotten big roof repair bill told children walk grass house nice hedge street didn want tear decided build part sidewalk neighborhood happy results sidewalk building project children walk street part school
mrs payne showed children card wool spin yarn children learned card wool hand pulled raw wool tool lay straight flat mrs payne showed children spindles spinning carded wool yarn spindles class potatoes pieces wood inches centimeters cut notches tops pieces wood pushed potatoes children twisted carded wool fingers tied notches spindles brought wool potatoes wrapped spindles brought tops spindles looped notches tied children ready start spinning holding spindles ropes carded wool children spun spindles turned weight potatoes stretched wool thinner thinner strands yarn strands yarn lengthened children unfastened loops wrapped spun yarn spindles potatoes continued spinning yarn children spun children dyed yarn spun class learned things found home tea dried onion skins dye yarn
re getting ready school look collar shirt sweater label tells shirt sweater law according fair packaging labeling act label food clothing buy label printed read find easily tell product law says labels provide honest information product things true size weight product clearly marked package law won faced situation buyers encountered past store buy package hot dogs package pick says jumbo pound says pound cost buy buy jumbo pound sounds actually packages pound makers jumbo pound hot dogs trying think pound kind dishonest labeling forbidden law law says labels products list ingredients product quantity amount look list ingredients leading breakfast cereal
ago countries started colonies land colonies groups communities country ruled country spain france holland colonies north america england gained control thirteen colonies eastern coast north america colonies settlers colonists english laws england laws began anger colonists felt english laws unfair wanted help laws follow finally colonists declaration independence english king government support rules agree laws government declaration independence rights created equal rights live free happy declaration government takes rights put end government start colonists fought war england gain rule american revolutionary war colonists won war rule thirteen colonies states joined form united states america exactly problem shipwrecked islanders
remember reading oldest cities remains seen turkey country lies eastern end mediterranean sea turkey bordered seas names turkey joins continents western part turkey europe eastern part turkey asia turkish city europe turkish cities asia capital remember reading lives thailand country southeast asia find thailand map read map key find symbol boundaries countries thailand neighbor south malaysia thailand neighbor west neighbors east lives city river located capital city thailand remember reading roberto pedro live brazil biggest country south america find brazil map large river flows northern part country ocean river flow brazil bordered east atlantic ocean country neighbors names read map key find symbol capital city capital brazil earth turns rotates rotate means turn axis earth axis shown line
map part city blue lines added map lines west east lines numbers lines north south lines letters number line letter tell building look map key find symbol baseball park find baseball park map wanted tell baseball park map lines help baseball park found line line cross find library map library found line line cross lines map tell library find college map lines tell college located find court house map court house find dam map dam located live united states america country fifty states find map map shows capital country map shows capital capital map shows large cities country
americans thousands jobs farms factories offices roads air surface water land worked moon large department store united states hold objects sale hand american workers produced hands running machines grocery store united states fill basket things eat oranges apples cereal meat milk eggs american workers grew plants animals products call plumber repair drainpipe electrician home fix wires repair broken refrigerator football game enjoy hours ask school counselor help hire united states job likely american worker plumbers electricians refrigerator repairers football players counselors kinds workers things grow eaten things paid called service workers including united states kinds walt whitman wrote hear america singing spoke diversity jobs american worked carpenters masons boatmen shoemakers woodcutters
american land american diverse land diverse divide parts called regions united states divided landform regions areas types land study landform map united states east west land atlantic ocean gulf mexico plain region called coastal plains region coastal plains region rocky north sandy south places swamps stretch hundreds miles coast soil rich red region eastern edge touches coastal plain places called appalachian highlands appalachian highland region high hills low rounded mountains highlands touch waters atlantic ocean north south form barrier separates coastal plain region called eastern plains eastern plains region flat lands gently rolling hills plains surround lakes northcentral united states plains region west eastern plains stretches canadian border north mexican border south coastal plains eastern plains plains form largest stretches flat land west plains large area high land divided parts rocky mountain region western plateau region
look window weather heard words asked wear school days looked signs hotness coldness dryness wetness knowing weather place tells wear plan weather weather tell region order region generally hot cold dry wet think weather months range kind weather called climate united states climate regions southeastern quarter country called summer hot winter mild wet florida kind climate northeastern quarter called summer hot winter cold wet york kind climate western part plains generally summer warm winter cold dry kansas kind climate southwest called summer hot winter mild dry parts mexico kind climate large part western plateau region western plains summer warm winter cold dry parts utah kind climate pacific coast cool mild wet north oregon hot mild dry south southern california
europeans began settling united states group settlers france later countries home hundred women left france north america left france disagreed country religion hoped find america place live worship freely french reason hopeful built fort called fort caroline land spanish claimed florida september spanish admiral pedro menendez led fleet ships fort caroline october spanish destroyed fort killed french menendez ordered fort built thirty miles south today city st augustine stands spot spanish fort st augustine florida lasting european settlement united states spanish wanted settle parts north america florida hopes finding gold silver changing american indians christians drew american southwest king spain allowed don juan de spanish general set colonies mexico mexico began exploring set army camp indian pueblo town called place san juan de los caballeros means st john noblemen
hundred englishmen crowded aboard ships december ships susan constant discovery passengers headed english part america called virginia england tried colonizing virginia built small settlement roanoke island coast call north carolina disappeared knew happened passengers ships reason afraid passengers carpenters millers doctors farmers wanted virginia find gold land find adventure passenger john smith soldier didn rules months wind blew wrong direction ships set sail finally february wind changed ships headed west atlantic ocean virginia april passengers saw virginia took explore coast decided settle banks river called james honor king england settlers build fort short built stockade houses inside called fort jamestown spot jamestown stood low close water swampy didn matter settlers home
english knew colonies america england rich dutch netherland stand english navy harbor amsterdam english ordered dutch turn colony colonists netherland strong army navy fight gave colony english king england gave netherland duke york duke changed colony main city york gave part land english friends george carteret john berkeley formed colony called jersey king england gave large piece land englishman william penn penn land located south york west jersey penn called land pennsylvania penn woods penn wanted land main city philadelphia place religious freedom offered home small groups christians accepted countries group belonged penn religion quakers group pennsylvania germany called mennonites mennonites wanted live simply separate neighbors spoke strongly important matters saw quickly practice owning slaves spread english colonies
americans revolution agreed words thomas jefferson wanted join political party political party group join lead government members group share ideas improve government party hopes laws favor members group thomas jefferson spoken political parties helped start groups united states happened changed jefferson mind parties lessons follow answer question april george washington stood boat entered york harbor thirteen dressed white rowed boat george washington stood senators representatives members united states government legislature speedy sailboats darted washington stood ship spain floated nearby captain saw washington boat ordered flags nations flown cannon fire loud boom honor washington washington boat landed met dock governor george clinton york crowd important group walked house specially set washington noon big dinner part greeting americans gave washington chosen president united states
united states changed ways change affected happened england factories opened cities grew factories englanders farmed factories cities region began americans south factories opened cities south small compared england farming remained main southerners living differences north south caused ways living points view develop understand happened england learn big change lives millions big change called industrial revolution industrial revolution started england english began machines animals machines powered water steam part industrial revolution business joined large groups called companies companies spend money individuals build buildings buy machines difference english cotton cloth england thousands women working homes factory workers cotton cloth machines things cost lot money companies build factories buy machines hire factory workers
wildfire hero play written called lion west west early wildfire north south north south knew wanted nation couldn decide horse alligator earthquake steamboat west avoided deciding wanted nation problems solve chapter problems westerners tried solve american revolution settlers united states pushed appalachian mountains areas white seen push appalachian mountains moved american frontier westward american frontier existed citizens united states areas belonged american indians page maps show frontier white americans west pass appalachian mountains pass virginia called cumberland gap gap americans kentucky south west banks ohio river looking land settle south settle kentucky tennessee north homes ohio indiana michigan illinois wisconsin
civil war tore united states war americans put nation war country put exactly south hardest live slaves free longer places live money mingo white slave child alabama freedom news free white called house free free stick heads soon mammy field lee osborn place stay paid seventy cents fifty cents bits gave dinner pay crop gathered mammy cut hauled wood osborn left osborn fall john rawlins pick rows cotton pick rows
machines goods started civil war war turning point war machines ways americans saw kinds thought big businesses grew machines produce energy run caused lives machines machines machines americans worked civil war kinds machines joked number machines growing soon americans reasons making machines americans person machine amount ten twenty fifty persons machines united states invented thousands machines machine gave idea machine ideas machines funny invented machine undress fell asleep clothes machines easier pleasant field big person plow buy plow twenty
percent americans live cities united states urban country urban means cities americans lived small towns farms united states change nation rural nation city subject chapter bar graph shows large cities united states cities growing reasons reason americans left farms look jobs main reason immigrants united states immigrants country live settled cities graph page shows immigrants united states places york city philadelphia boston chicago grew passing families moved found jobs began week newcomers hard getting city felt confusion hope confused country farm speak language learned home hope reason united states immigrants country tried live
americans think care lands waters cases polluted environment changed worse places sick changed environment places animals died plants withered animals stopped able give birth pollute environment knowing farmers dangerous chemicals land crops grow faster abundantly drivers run cars gasoline foul air city dump waste lakes rivers factory owners run machines fuels pour unhealthy smoke air miners dig giant holes earth everyday live pollute environment honk horn blow whistle wheels bicycle screech sounds change environment worse throw candybar wrapper gutter piece paper thrown pollute environment clean environment lawmakers force stop polluting congress passed law known clean air act law aimed factories cars polluted air lawmakers set environmental protection agency epa epa supposed protect air water pollution states joined fight pollution laws protecting air land water regions
united states areas land set national parks find map park parks parks established congress sure natural environment animals areas destroyed united states government wants protect save today future enjoy congress policy saving land public congress decided areas forever pleasure lands cared united states department interior national parks set hard money care visited congress created national park service job interesting visiting parks duty protecting parks making laws power parks national park service set worked parks attractive hotels campgrounds restaurants built roads improved roads built began flocking parks numbers restaurants hotels crowded roads jammed campgrounds full today national park service worried millions going parks
burned times enlist tales movements shook land distinctly homeric glory read marches sieges conflicts longed busy mind drawn large pictures extravagant color lurid breathless deeds mother discouraged affected look contempt quality war ardor patriotism calmly seat apparent difficulty give hundreds reasons vastly importance farm field battle ways expression told statements subject deep conviction side belief ethical motive argument impregnable firm rebellion yellow light thrown color ambitions newspapers gossip village aroused degree truth fighting finely newspapers printed accounts decisive victory night lay bed winds carried church bell enthusiast jerked rope frantically tell twisted news battle voice rejoicing night shiver prolonged ecstasy excitement later mother room spoken ma going enlist
youth took part walked careless line engaged eternal debate hinder dwelling despondent sullen threw shifting glances looked ahead expecting hear advance rattle firing serpents crawled slowly hill hill smoke dun colored cloud dust floated sky overhead fairy blue youth studied faces companions watch detect kindred emotions suffered disappointment ardor air causing veteran commands move glee song infected regiment began speak victory thing knew tall soldier received vindication certainly going enemy expressed part army left river bank part blasting host youth considering separated saddened blithe merry speeches rank rank company wags endeavors regiment tramped tune laughter blatant soldier convulsed files biting aimed tall forget mission brigades grinned unison regiments laughed fat soldier attempted horse dooryard
red rage developed acute exasperation pestered animal meaning cow worried dogs mad feeling rifle wished rush forward strangle fingers craved power enable sweeping gesture brush appeared rage driven beast buried smoke rifles anger directed knew rushing swirling battle phantoms choking stuffing smoke robes parched throat fought frantically respite senses air babe smothered attacks deadly blankets heated rage mingled expression intentness faces making low toned noises mouths subdued cheers snarls imprecations prayers wild barbaric song sound strange chant resounding chords war march youth elbow babbling soft tender monologue babe tall soldier swearing loud voice lips black procession curious oaths sudden broke querulous mislaid hat don support don send supports think
youth thought handsome freely condemn attempt restrain words tongue bitter presently began intricate denunciation commander forces mebbe wa fault th knowed lock git licked friend weary tone trudging stooped shoulders shifting eyes caned kicked don fight devil don demanded youth loudly secretly dumbfounded sentiment lips moment face lost valor looked guiltily questioned deal words presently recovered air courage repeat statement heard going group group camp morning brigadier saw reg fight fought didn didn reg say th army fault reply friend voice stern course dare say don fight th devil dare say th boys fight hell roosters don luck fight devil don whip general fault youth grandly decisively
fixed eye distant prominent clump trees concluded enemy met ran goal believed mere question getting unpleasant matter quickly ran desperately pursued murder face drawn hard tight stress endeavor eyes fixed lurid glare soiled disordered dress red inflamed features surmounted dingy rag spot blood wildly swinging rifle banging looked insane soldier regiment swung position cleared space woods thickets awakened yellow flames leaped directions forest tremendous objection line lurched straight moment wing sprung forward turn surpassed left afterward center careered front regiment wedge shaped mass instant later opposition bushes trees uneven places ground split command scattered detached clusters youth light footed unconsciously advance eyes note clump trees places clannish yell enemy heard flames rifles leaped song bullets air shells snarled tree tops tumbled directly middle hurrying group exploded crimson fury
sudden guns slope roared message warning spluttering sound begun woods swelled amazing speed profound clamor involved earth noises splitting crashes swept lines interminable roar developed midst din fitted universe whirring thumping gigantic machinery complications smaller stars youth ears filled incapable hearing incline road wound saw wild desperate rushes perpetually backward forward riotous surges parts opposing armies waves pitched madly dictated points fro swelled side yells cheers proclaim decisive blows moment later side yells cheers youth saw spray light forms leaps waving blue lines howling presently vast mouthful prisoners saw blue wave dash thunderous force gray obstruction clear earth leave trampled sod swift deadly rushes fro screamed yelled maniacs pieces fence secure positions collections trees wrangled gold thrones pearl desperate lunges chosen spots seemingly instant light toys contending forces
play johnnie gray beard suddenly ended quarrel arose casting look heated scorn adversary slowly buttoned coat stalked fabulous dignity room discreet silence swede laughed laughter rang childish begun look askance wished inquire ailed game formed cowboy volunteered partner johnnie turned ask swede throw lot asked questions game learning wore names played alias accepted invitation strode nervously expected assaulted finally seated gazed face face laughed shrilly laugh strange looked quickly cowboy sat intent mouth open johnnie paused holding cards fingers afterward short silence johnnie let pulled chairs forward knees bunched board began play interest game caused forget manner swede cowboy board held superior cards exceeding force improvised table took tricks glowing air prowess pride thrills indignation hearts opponents
cowboy burst cheer chorus triumphant conclusion swede scuffed feet berserk abandon foe perplexity flying arms johnnie body swung fell bundle fall roof swede instantly staggered wind waved tree leaned breathing engine savage flame lit eyes roamed face face bent johnnie splendor isolation situation felt lifting eyes ground beheld mysterious lonely figure waiting johnnie asked broken voice son gasped opened eyes moment answered shame bodily ill began weep tears blood stains face heavy straightened addressed waiting figure stranger evenly side voice changed vibrant commonly tone simple deadly announcements johnnie whipped replying victor moved route front door hotel cowboy formulating startled find wind direct shadowed arctic floes
offer fight offer fight called sky attractions bellowed fumed swayed revolvers dog barkeeper weary gentleman saloon appreciated advance events lay dozing front master door sight dog paused raised revolver humorously sight dog sprang walked diagonally sullen head growling yelled dog broke gallop enter alley loud noise whistling spat ground directly dog screamed wheeling terror galloped headlong direction noise whistling sand kicked viciously fear stricken dog turned flurried animal pen stood laughing weapons hips ultimately attracted closed door weary gentlemen saloon hammering revolver demanded drink door remaining imperturbable picked bit paper walk nailed framework knife turned contemptuously popular resort walking opposite side street spinning heel quickly fired bit paper missed half inch swore later comfortably windows intimate friend
virginia founded business enterprise virginia company joint stock company branches plymouth company based plymouth england london company james granted charter companies gave permission establish colonies america charter spelled settlers governed chart page london company backed expedition virginia according terms charter main purpose colony convert indians christianity shrewd investors interested gold indians company dispatched ships carrying hundred expected colony establish yield profit settlers landed spring colony beset difficulties unfortunately inexperienced colonists chose unhealthy swampy area plant settlement jamestown influenced tales fantastic wealth spent searching gold silver planting crops carry winter settlers died disease especially malaria inflicted swarms deadly mosquitoes thrived region jamestown months nearly half original colonists perished additional colonists company prepared survive wilderness terrible struggle survival difficult constant quarreling early leaders colony
striking social intellectual eighteenth century america occurred religious thought practice england puritan order heavy emphasis theology conformity began decline end seventeenth century middle eighteenth century orthodox puritanism virtually dead replaced form christianity involving emotionalism toleration religious experience intense matter personal emotional involvement religious freedom rapid progress greatest outward manifestation change religious thought feeling awakening part origins awakening america traced england anglican church confronted revolt ranks called methodism john wesley agreed basic tenet anglican theology saved wesley advocated simplicity ritual importance making emotional appeals sinful wesley brilliant collaborator george whitefield america whitefield found colonies stirring religious unrest puritan ministers opened church membership eliminating tough examinations early puritans imposed minister jonathan edwards noted townsmen northampton massachusetts seized deep concern eternal salvation deep concern frustrated dull sermons ministers sought assurance god loved saved
george washington illusions difficulties faced british possessed important military advantages canada base invade northern colonies florida attack south royal navy strong protect british transport supply ships hundreds american privateers swarmed oceans king ships blockaded american ports escort general howe british commander chief strike point east coast british army superbly equipped harshly disciplined force infantrymen magnificent soldiers battle bunker hill percent shot rest rallied took hill officers especially generals seasoned veterans european wars outmaneuvered americans battle battle addition british supported thirty thousand hessian mercenaries clumsy historians hessian means hunters proved expert superb forest fighters comparison american army feeble militiamen unreliable force fled shot abandoned army winter regular troops called continental line eventually match british formal battle anthony wayne daniel morgan nathaniel greene ultimately proved brilliant generals american officers completely ignorant art war
south virtue institutions affected character differed greatly rest country differences southerners played significant role bringing civil war roots southern distinctiveness lay south economy social structure south economy dominated production cotton exclusively agricultural south major cities cotton exporting centers orleans savannah small manufacturing center richmond rural society ruled politically economically elite largest plantation owners slavery southerners called peculiar institution united whites rich poor alike passionate defense harsh slave codes regulated blacks determined southern role national politics senator james hammond south carolina exultantly told united states senate cotton king date cotton accounted percent american exports europe industrial revolution america financed part earnings northern merchants cotton trade invention cotton gin eli whitney literally created industry cotton gin staple cotton coastal areas seeds easily separated boll grown profitably staple plants delicate unable survive southern soil
end abolitionist leaders realized moral pressure weapon slavery going southerners clear considered idea emancipation preposterous apparent failure moral force combined factors led crisis strategy tactics movement majority abolitionists concluded form political party liberty party organized garrison followers bitterly opposed direct political action order succeed politics garrisonians reasoned abolitionists forced compromise principles policy unacceptable garrisonians garrison believed abolitionists increase efforts northern public opinion reasonably expect decisive effect national politics participate politics major function agitators trying force politicians increasingly radical positions slavery garrison views politics rejected majority abolitionists contributed irreparable division ranks political views factor caused split political abolitionists opposed admission women american slavery society reasoned women rights extraneous issue unrelated abolition slavery alienate potential converts garrison vehemently attacked position human equality regardless sex race ideal abolitionists alienated garrison espousal doctrine human government
franklin pierce entered white house march confident mood antislavery sentiment north succeeded weakening whig party strengthening democrats democratic unity maintained pierce advisers reasoned northern proslavery democrats continued policy supporting placating south issues relating slavery slavery expansion inaugural address pierce pledged strict adherence compromise measures adopted emphasizing careful attention rights south vigorous enforcement fugitive slave law addition pierce strongly advocated territorial expansion increased political economic influence caribbean area canada east part pierce foreign policy represented continuation aggressive expansionism economic territorial pursued polk earlier presidents economic sphere extension america influence remarkably successful pierce administration commodore matthew perry succeeded negotiating treaty japan opened nation american trade commerce united states negotiated reciprocity treaty canada opened american markets canadian products especially timber farm produce fish return americans granted fishing rights canadian waters unlimited navigation rights st lawrence river lakes britain retained political control canada treaty virtually amounted economic union united states canadians totally dependent american markets prosperity
emerging dynamic industries iron steel business technological advances notably bessemer open hearth processes produce large quantities steel cheaply rich iron deposits upper michigan eastern minnesota developed soon railroads extended areas steel industries needed organize promote expansion andrew carnegie leading steel magnate late nineteenth century andrew carnegie typical entrepreneur genuine intellectual interests wrote books loved music shakespeare poor immigrant boy scotland america age twelve worked bottom began bobbin boy cotton mill eighteen telegraph clerk working thomas scott official pennsylvania railroad carnegie worked hard saved money wise investments twenty income carnegie iron steel business opened edgar thompson steel works named chief customer president pennsylvania railroad thousand iron steel companies existed nation railroads steel manufacturing suited small enterprises eventually giants controlled business carnegie superb competitor consolidating left trail ruined companies wake carnegie unlimited faith america unlike competitors expanded depression began
shame cities descriptive phrase novelist reformer lincoln steffens limited municipal corruption included child labor inadequate recreational facilities poor schools medical care intolerable housing short needs called general welfare outraged poverty degradation city agree believed chance saving city worth saving steffens believed municipal corruption permanent urban affliction revolutionary dictatorship govern cities linked troubles city foreign element residing city menace civilization wrote congregational minister josiah strong roused fears americans urbanization warned brought immigration catholicism socialism evils destroy america reformer writer henry george page believed urban reshaped basic moral values crept rhetoric commentators gradually accept city established part american longer move country prophets doom eloquent practical response urban problems beginning heard reformers beginning attack ills city realistic basis changing environment forced live
sharp conflict beliefs ideas science industrialism resulted intellectually creative eras american history religion philosophy economics law history concepts challenged point americans nineteenth century clearly defined set beliefs permeated area endowed divine spark raised animal capable infinite progress god ruled universe benevolent deity intervened directly affairs george bancroft popular nineteenth century american historian believed god determined course american history god established natural laws universe try discover reasoning deductive process applying eternal truths specific situations outlook cheerful optimistic dynamic hopeful human mind regarded fixed structure changed environment born succeed fail change human nature reverend henry ward beecher put god intended poverty sign sin weakness religion law field conservative viewpoint common characteristic relied absolute ideas existed material true thousand realities industrial shattered simple comforting philosophy
american expansion caribbean extensive orient caribbean closer united states established preeminence area cuba american army ruled impatient complete independence economic strategic reasons united states wanted retain control countries finally agreed compromise settlement according platt amendment cuba virtual protectorate united states intervene protect cuban independence permitted establish naval bases later principal cubans chafed provisions platt amendment choice accept troops withdrawn american soldiers cuba occasions put disorders journalist quipped necessity mother ter roosevelt fond quoting african proverb speak softly carry big stick big stick caribbean american power demonstrated crisis venezuela venezuela fallen debt britain germany powers began force collect american public opinion turned strongly aggressive germans york american infuriating american republic venezuela kicked cuffed brace european monarchies face strong sentiment germany britain agreed arbitrate crisis ended
united states entered war regular army national guard totaled air corps pilots planes considered serviceable surprisingly navy weight felt april germany submarine campaign threatened starve britain surrender merchant ships atlantic crossing hoping elude submarines british officers suggested convoy system group merchant ships flanked escort cruisers destroyers travel system adopted proved success submarine damage cut drastically sound advice navy soon dozens destroyers played large role keeping atlantic shipping lanes safe transportation american soldiers weapons europe regular army provide nucleus officers millions soldiers needed ensure orderly flow armed forces avoid disrupting vital industries congress passed selective service act draft act civil war draft absurdity aroused strong opposition peace advocates progressives speaker house champ clark informed colleagues fellow saw precious difference convict nonetheless million ages twenty thirty later extended eighteen forty dutifully registered required june million registered end war
hoover support high tariff inconsistent belief cooperation economic units progress born cooperation asserted encouraged agricultural cooperatives labor unions sort meekly accept dominant leadership business impressed war industries board ability enforce cooperation war sought similar results peacetime government coercion hoover blessing businessmen formed trade associations stabilize prices standardize products restrict competition industrialists welcomed opportunity join competitors associations reduce cutthroat practices pricing chaos plagued economy practice virtually eliminated free market price system law supply demand gave production based supposedly scientific methods determining demand environment productivity soared industrial output hour rising percent decade business consolidation flourished factories mines hundreds merged fewer fewer units large chain type corporations swallowed small businesses insatiable appetite units food store chain samuel chicago built giant pyramid public utilities companies point literally lost track holdings empire fell incidentally largest corporate failure american history large corporations controlled half total corporate wealth country growing spectacular rate stock market crashed brought halt
early winston churchill detected evidence change russian diplomacy convince ripe putting end cold war experienced diplomat willing meet flexibility flexibility urged eisenhower join sitting kremlin formula international understanding dulles adamantly opposed idea bitterness past differences moscow dispersed washington easily abruptly churchill hoped despite dulles gloomy pessimism hand eisenhower worked earnestly bring lasting peace efforts roughly conceived marked naive faith intentions simple direct manner eisenhower epitomized american belief permanent universal peace attainable goal december president proposed nations pool atomic benefit mankind united states pledged devote entire heart mind find miraculous inventiveness dedicated death consecrated russian skepticism congressional smothered atoms peace plan outset idea caught international atomic energy agency supported united states ussr unfortunately able check spread nuclear arms
bureau labor statistics revealed startling information subject affluence quarter american families reported incomes low lived poverty additional percent lived verge poverty say million americans total population million classified poor poor government population grew million later sixties percentage poor declined chronic poverty persisted vexing national problem age affluence chronic unemployment prosperous employment reached record high percent labor force jobless affluent economy percentage staggering eve depression rate percent economists argued unemployment rate percent acceptable terms health economy combined widespread poverty chronic unemployment meant wretched social insecurity misery millions americans poor lot sociologist michael harrington provided revealing answer influential study poverty america society visible members noted reason social economic mainstream easily rest society unskilled uneducated underprivileged handicapped
campaign presidency john kennedy evoked vision frontier frontier frontier unknown opportunities paths frontier unfulfilled hopes threats frontiers past taxed determination ingenuity pioneers frontier test mettle modern americans took oath office president enjoined countrymen ask country ask country kennedy presidency political inspiration young kennedy person style readiness accept past move eagerly uncover future style contrasted vividly amiable complacency eisenhower era vigor favorite words pronounced flat england washington youthful exciting city early deal war ii trim handsome athletic appearance president full restless energy fueled insatiable watching action james reston york times wrote today washington monument kennedy educated read president book profiles courage won pulitzer prize revealed historian fatalism sense perspective
side sea beautiful country called switzerland country high mountains green valleys pretty lakes towns pleasant country homes free happy live switzerland free happy ago army strangers crossed mountains valleys tried rob swiss brave swiss fought country homes beaten battle strangers took houses fields cattle left call strangers gessler ruler swiss cruel treated slaves mountains lived brave called william tell shoot bow arrows tell hated cruel gessler strangers switzerland longed driven land gessler tall pole put public square top pole hat hung gave orders passed square bow hat william tell
lived city rome tall fair strong slave night master call master beat live die night ran hid woods lived berries roots days find eat cave lay ground food days thought die lying cave heard noise door looked saw lion coming beast kill thought lay lion trouble held paws roared looked say want help weak hard walk lion looked paw big beast try hurt saw sharp thorn paw stepped thorn coming woods lion found friend held paw sat looked care pulled thorn
story sea salt true story fun read brothers selfish wanted kind gentle ready help grew selfish brother rich beautiful mansion property gentle brother poor lived small house worked faithfully happier rich brother tried winter poor brother ill money house difficult winter wife food eat cold buy wood burn poor brother finally grew weak able christmas poor brother house christmas dinner wife hungry ask brother give eat rich brother saw door angry want give christmas presents say threw ham brother
columbus chance talk king queen plan strange thing want think hear wise say called learned land poor sailor explained plan listened laughed scorn words silly wicked advise king waste ships plan king fight left columbus wait passed columbus gray hair white growing seventeen effort aid help finally king queen spain help queen sold jewels money trip columbus full joy success eager sail westward trouble sailors feared unknown waters sea darkness find sail pinzon brothers joined ships called pinta nina columbus ship santa maria summer ships sailed spain shore sobbing crying danger death cried friends board hearts sailors failed leaving friends family
fisherman wife lived hut close sea fisherman fishing boat fishing fisherman felt tug line line dragged boat deep water fisherman pulled able bring gigantic fish hook fisherman amazement fish spoke let real fish enchanted prince fisherman surprised swim fish swim fast want fish talk put huge fish water swam bottom sea vanished fisherman home wife hut told fish talk ask asked wife fisherman asked fine wife dainty cottage dingy hut ask fish give dainty cottage fisherman seashore water appeared yellow green stood water edge looking sea listen
deer color gold eyes round jewels horns white silver mouth red flower hoofs bright hard large body fine tail lived forest king herd hundred banyan nearby lived herd deer called monkey deer king prince country fond hunting deer eating deer meat called town townspeople decided park drive deer prince park hunt daily park planted grass provided water deer built fence drove deer shut gate prince tell park nearby find deer wanted prince look deer saw deer kings granted lives looked herds days prince hunt deer cook soon deer saw shake fear run
rock bye sang girl held struggling kitten tightly rocked kitten mewed clara hugged tighter continued songs doll parents thought foolish children toys pets kinds kittens dogs ducks chickens colts calves lived farm spend playtime loving playing horse ride tumble learning clara born christmas youngest children big brothers sisters teachers took delight teaching baby family read soon big brother took school carrying shoulder learned rapidly reading spelling arithmetic geography girl father moved large farm place barns fun soon learned walk big beams side hay halfway beam pretend bird flying soft hay beneath meadows ran deep river short river mill
slowly dying wished custard pie clara taught mother cook sick smiled happily saw beautiful pie golden brown tiny edge milk cow field milk milk clara learned lived farm war missing president lincoln asked help find worked hard found tired sick europe lived switzerland beautiful mountains called alps surprised grand carriages drive king daughter royal women welcome clara barton heard america war famous later war broke france leaders red cross society asked help fully red cross society organization formed help wounded times war wearing red cross band arm carrying white flag red cross fired
hill hill pretty house door windows house lived cock mouse red hen hill house door wouldn shut broken windows house lived bad fox bad foxes morning bad foxes bad fox father hungry eat yesterday fox half chicken ducks fourth bad fox shook head thinking hill house house lives cock mouse foxes hen fat bad fox big bag hill house put cock mouse red hen bag bring home fire cook cock fox put pot cook hen pan cook mouse
devon considered beautiful school england dismal afternoon power asserted beauty small areas order large yard group trees similar dormitories circle houses living contentious harmony felt argument begin fact dean residence pure authentic colonial house sprouted ell big bare picture window dean live entirely encased house glass happy devon slowly changed slowly harmonized logical hope buildings deans curriculum achieve achieve unknowingly achieved growth harmony seen place roamed past balanced red brick dormitories webs leafless ivy clinging ramshackle salient town invaded school hundred yards past solid gymnasium full students hour silent monument past field house called cage remembered mystery references cage weeks devon thought place severe punishment reached huge open sweep ground known playing fields
finny left perfect let jump river breath sun porch forced compliance leaning walked changing direction police car squeezing side road directed unwillingly gym river need clear heads party talk yes sure boring talking anyway finny concentrated patch withers pretty wife yeah turning look mock shock don mean infer talked returning interest gaping shock talk accuse accusing sarcastic summer recognized sarcasm protest weak walked shining afternoon river don believe bombed central europe finny thoughtfully dormitories passed massive anonymous thick layers ivy big looking leaves thought stayed winter summer permanent hanging gardens hampshire buildings elms curved high ceased remember height looked familiar trunks lowest umbrellas leaves took lofty complex held high branches branches branches branches infinity leaves
moment history belongs moment emotions achieve powerful sway afterward say person today reality assume mean moment fifty past unleashed emotions imprinted carries stamp passing moment forever moment moment history war war reality instinctively live think atmosphere characteristics franklin delano roosevelt president united states eternal leaders winston churchill josef stalin america songs poems call land plenty nylon meat gasoline steel rare jobs workers money easy earn hard spend buy trains late crowded servicemen war fought america end america stands including leaving leave america cry sixteen key crucial natural age human ages ranged orderly manner ahead harmonious setting sixteen olds
spent odd toiling railroad yard arrived snow drab wet heavy divided gangs railroad brinker chet managed group playful atmosphere apple orchard town dull red brick mills warehouses surrounding yards labored directing called rolling stock grim freight cars parts country immobilized snow brinker asked shouldn called stock looked bleary dislike didn reply funny hard began sweat layers clothes middle afternoon lost fresh volunteer look grime railroad exhaustion manual laborers piece railroad yards mills warehouses resented nervous maybe sick looked reason grumbled spat alternated growling orders rubbing big unhealthy belly moment cheer main line cleared train rattled slowly watched advance engine throwing balls steam add heavy overcast
enlist slam door impulsively past shed bit clothing break pattern complex design weaving birth dark threads unexplainable symbols set conventional background domestic white schoolboy blue tangled strands required dexterity virtuoso flowing yearned giant military shears snap bitten instant left hands spools khaki weave plain flat khaki design twisted war deadly finding deadly things attracted deadly lurking wanted loved wasn phineas put war question separated brinker clubs meeting dormitory preside meeting golden fleece debating society tonight tone amazed contempt golden fleece debating society re mad mad raving dark night hard thoughts sharp stars pierced singly blackness sweeps clusters milky ways south single chilled points light unromantic knife blades
needed give advice morning making circuits walk trace energy usual completely drove scattered aches found usual profound seat pain side lungs usual fed motions knees boneless ready minute let lower legs telescope thighs head felt sections cranium grinding reason felt magnificent body instant simply lazy aches exhaustion imagined created order truly exerting body say accession strength flooding buoyed forgot usual feeling routine pity working lost oppressed mind aching body entanglements shed broke clear fourth circuit sitting chair pulled front phineas re winded found rhythm didn straight part yes pretty lazy haven yes guess didn
brinker mind thought chosen terrible place funny assembly room remember staring windows hundred times elms center common windows closed blankness night deadened look look blind deaf expanses wall space opaque canvas portraits oil deceased headmasters founder forgotten leaders faculty beloved athletic coach heard lady identify fortune largely rebuilt school nameless poet thought school protection destined primarily future generations young hero anonymous looked theatrical war uniform died thought prank bound fall flat assembly hall large lectures debates plays concerts worst acoustics school couldn brinker saying stood polished marble floor front facing platform talking boys balustrade heard say word inquiry country demands hot air blur don phineas answered shortly turned brinker saying blame responsible party begin prayer
behaved complete presence mind brinker shouted phineas moved realizing night nurse infirmary waste going rushed bring dr house remembered phil wrestling coach lived common expert aid phil finny stretch wide shallow steps staircase dr arrived foyer staircase building soon crowded midday phil found main light switch marble blazed full illumination surrounding stillness midnight country town hurrying feet repressed voices hollow windows blind black retained look dull emptiness brinker turned assembly room kind blanket platform dashed stairs found blanket gave phil carefully wrapped phineas liked meant lot phineas begin curse word knew lose head completely certainly worse entirely conscious glimpses caught face fairly calm
company fell began scattering common dormitory windows began fly open olive drab blankets hung sills dozens air sewing machines carried considerable exertion hall dad brinker told cigar butt room wants meet downstairs found hadley sitting lumpy chairs trying look offended surroundings stood shook hand genuine cordiality distinguished looking taller brinker noticeable hair white thick healthy looking face healthily pink boys look fine fine full cordial voice say doughboys saw marching artillery sewing machines brinker slid fingers pockets slacks war technical kinds machines sewing machines don think gene hadley emphatically imagine settling duty sewing machine picture temper switched tracks smiled cordially times change wars change don change boys image gang days
countries southeast asia fall clear geographic regions group southernmost tip asian mainland juts south china sea group burma thailand laos cambodia north vietnam south vietnam group sprawling island nations indonesia islands philippines islands country malaysia groups part malaysia edge mainland part huge island borneo malaysia shares indonesia british controlled country brunei finally tiny island singapore lies tip asian mainland group regions southeast asia vastly geography mainland mountain chains run north south dividing region broad river valleys land varies swiftly miles forest covered highlands vast jungles swamps coastal plains watery deltas rice growing inland plateaus producing wide variety crops live mainland southeast asia live fertile valleys broad rivers mountains tend block movement valleys travel mainland takes place river valleys rivers main highways travel trade page rise mountains tibet flow south bay bengal south china sea
drenched perspiration exhausted group americans hacked tangled malaria ridden jungles northern burma mid months army chinese burmese laborers carved mile highway extension burma road played key role war ii trucks carried supplies china fighting japanese americans blamed found burma appealing saw side country fanning south rugged mountains burma region gently rolling plains green rice fields low lying hills land basks warm tropical sun makes slender spires buddhist temples shimmer golden needles quiet beauty countryside shining buildings bright orange robes buddhist monks burma nickname golden land burmese feel land special unlike neighbors burmese shown eagerness travel abroad adopt foreign ways fads burma cities expected open ways burmese businessman likely wear length cloth draped waist business suit thing burmese seriously religion burmese devout buddhists
knows malaysia hand pulse asia runs modern proverb malaysian leaders fond quoting boast asian comes malaysia stranger borders malaysia takes bewildering tangle peoples cultures malay fishermen wealthy indian pakistani rubber growers tribesmen recently headhunters prosperous chinese british businessmen part malaysian scene major reason variety malaysia location malaysia stretches broken arc tip thailand philippine islands map page dominates straits malacca south china sea shortest sea route indian pacific oceans hundreds traveling water highway settled shores settlement added blood result remarkably diverse population makes malaysia today states malaya malaysia lands original malaysia formed singapore left federation short merge diverse peoples cultures economies styles heart federation malaysia malaya fertile mineral rich peninsula size florida percent land dense jungle large rubber plantations rich tin deposits malaysia wealthiest areas asia natural rubber tin malaya
city angkor touch mystery lies tucked depths jungle jewel lock key weather beaten walls wrap city cloak secrecy green gray towers peep treetops half hidden tribute past today angkor ghost town centuries ago center thriving empire home khmers settled area prehistoric times end ninth century built angkor sacred city included royal palaces temples god kings today angkor lasting monument ancient builders special wonders artwork temple walls thousands feet sculpture showing fierce battles hunting scenes ceremonial dances statues lions snakes hindu gods buildings angkor aged history represent put angkor clearer focus look part entire southeast asian past takes angkor built large scale migration southeast asia malay migration place thousands ago knows variety moving south included khmers settled cambodia viets settled vietnam
walls large moat moat large bridges roads coming side bridges stone divinities gods appearance stone generals gigantic terrible railings bridges entirely carved stone form serpents heads divinities hang serpents hands look trying stop running art religious nature fact angkor buildings hindus city builders believed kings gods death result put temples burial places god kings largest temples known angkor wat contained stones weighing tons quarries miles chou arrived angkor city transformed hindu center buddhist chou buddhist monks shave heads wear yellow robes barefoot khmer king rich powerful wore neck pounds pearls wrists ankles fingers bracelets rings gold encrusted cat eyes king traveled train followers ministers princes riding elephants front sees afar red parasols sun shades innumerable arrive wives king certainly hundred parasols flecked gold
merchants middle east opened trading links southeast asia bound follow european merchants soon record visit region marco polo venice stopped sumatra homeward journey china later sumatra filled merchants buy sell costly goods reap profit island rich precious spices found marco polo profit precious spices hand hand items pepper cloves cinnamon importance lack today days refrigerators untreated meat soon took foul taste smell spices meat tasty eat spice trade lured europeans islands southeast asia centuries marco polo journey european explorers began open trade route orient sea famous making christopher columbus thinking round figured reach islands indonesian chain sailing west spain shape underestimated size atlantic voyage sailed west stumbled continent columbus european sailor trying reach east indies portuguese ship ship west coast africa find sailing continent
sports popular country football swimming cycling basketball boxing american answering question sports popular thailand cities towns story parts southeast asia southeast asians won international contests sports soccer basketball reason size soccer lightweight player disadvantage confronting heavier opponent basketball helps tall compared peoples southeast asians short light comes sports size makes difference southeast asians top english duke invented game badminton recent champion badminton players indonesia southeast asians enjoy games involve skill gracefulness speed surprisingly games invented require lot kind football played variations parts region philippines known malaysia grander burma known days game boys today girls encouraged play ball inches diameter bamboo strips holes surface light
birds returned villages city tho south vietnam larks sing tall grasses sparrows chirp banyan trees longer music interrupted dreaded thud mortars peace villages mekong river delta known peace outward appearances hamlets goes usual rivers delta roll flat countryside tides dragonflies buzz menacingly clearings water buffalo fields farmers clothes cone shaped hats tend crops centuries ago war beneath surface delta scars left quarter century conflict conflict altered lives reckoning brought suffering millions knows results conflict dinh war robbed family left completely goes comes country knew closeness vietnamese family younger lived father mother sister thatched cottage side irrigation canal door lived uncle wife children grandmother
running river valleys northern laos highway known route connects government capital royal capital highway serves commercial lifeline region busiest roads halfway capitals route slices village village cluster huts hugging limestone hills road gasoline pump landmarks attract passing travelers greatest attraction route villager route held special fascination younger stand roadside hours wave passing cars wagons days thought exciting highway running past front yard sure highway brought share trouble growing village battleground competing armies government force communist led force pathet lao sides sought control order control traffic route struggle brought tragedy families village including lives mother father younger sisters larger homes houses village sits stilts front porch end father wealthier rice farmers village
mountains played role development form barriers growth migration spread ways mountainous land poor forced raid cities lowlands remain primitive poor southeast asia mountains hills sharply divide lands area rugged mountain ranges typical feature mainland islands southeast asia continent ranges generally run parallel north south direction prevented contact nearby river valleys past commercial traffic population movements flowed north south direction series hills divide lands area create barrier burma india north hills reach height feet east central valley burma shan plateau reaches eastward upper part thailand laos mt highest peak southeast asia feet volcanic islands form outer rim indonesian arc extension burma range rises small barren islands coast appears northern tip sumatra reaches height limiting trade travel islands sumatran range southern shores java turns northward western borneo ending philippines
upper part skull bones found central java skull primitive known java named greek meaning ape meaning skulls found age skulls estimated period type ape roaming southeast asia java cro finally appeared line human types asia mainland southeast asia islands north south direction valleys peninsula areas direction easiest early north south movement important southeast asian history earliest enter southeast asia australoids indonesians widely found group southeast asia group survives aborigines original natives australia hill tribes malaysia short brown skinned curly hair oldest group short built found parts malaysia philippines resemble pygmies tropical africa found pacific islands east guinea australia skin eyes hair dark indonesians entered southeast asia descendants form basic population malaysia island southeast asia today
marco polo european describe countries southeast asia discussing ports east coast sumatra visited marco polo inhabitants converted islam visiting merchants past pattern spread islam hinduism buddhism moslem merchants india century traded dealing merchants period rulers chiefs coastal areas adopted islam accepted religion adopted religion rulers religion spread intermarriage members royal merchant families century islam spread island malay peninsula beginning middle century malacca center islamic culture malacca harbor situated productive agricultural region located narrowest part straits gave geographic advantage center wealth trade southeast asia addition southwest monsoon blowing october carried merchant ships red sea india straits malacca carried homeward bound chinese vessels east northeast monsoon november april brought chinese junks straits carried indian arab traders home
spite fact southeast asia chinese control cultural influence limited geographically china held area north east mountains running middle vietnam chinese believed civilization greatest want southern neighbors share chinese felt southeast asian provinces inferior sole function provide food money china develop interest trade seamen nations chinese ships afraid sail open seas hug shores indonesian indian arab ships hand ago sailed open seas chinese learned force winds methods navigation centuries foreign ships chinese ports chinese china confucian tao religions strict rules government conduct mandarin highest class chinese system confucianism complicated part chinese adopted southeast asia indian buddhists missionaries china convert chinese buddhism cultural prestige india chinese scholars studied sanskrit pilgrimages india hand indians southeast asians knew confucian classics
nations southeast asia formed constitutions drawn constitutions greatly influenced west thinking simple constitutions england france holland united states produced nations nations southeast asia model governments lines constitutions gave representative form government free elections kind bill rights united states guaranteed person social religious political economic rights means person practice religion interference vote pleased chose rights fully granted practice villager rice paddy took part politics say making laws government agencies based western ideas fit economic political needs southeast asia institutions conflict country cultural traditions conflict western idea public office public trust complement asian moral obligation care poorer members family trust leaders gave excuse democratic institutions suppressed put order save nation help build strengthen belief democracy southeast asia judged culture western ideals
foreign aid helped hindered southeast asian nations course simplest needed capital skilled technicians hand fear foreign nations aid programs gain control country strategically located nations position benefit foreign aid larger powerful countries especially eager win friends gain influence countries southeast asia capital cambodia hospitals built united states france soviet union french built school airport chinese donated radio station americans contributed printing plant modern road leaders southeast asian countries tried remain neutral war east west stance profitable extremely difficult effect cambodia finding problem overseas chinese problems minority groups southeast asia burma shan karen minorities part armed revolts burmese government permitted set separate states smaller mon groups status indonesia problem regional peoples outer islands resent feel central government lack interest problems army groups islands support demands administrative freedom regionalism remains problems inside indonesia
prince claimed neutrality government friendly terms communist china general lon cambodia chief tends pro west allowed south vietnamese american forces cross cambodia search viet military installations prince communist forces gained strong foothold southern eastern cambodia capital heavy fighting government viet troops capital previously considered thailand south vietnam greater threat viet result looked china turned united states trusting red china dangerous nations learned tell prince lon chose course security cambodia north south vietnam combined population million democratic republic vietnam north vietnam called population living area square miles republic vietnam south vietnam called population living area square miles live fertile valleys plains located mountains west sea east cent vietnamese largest minority group chinese numbering buddhism main religion roman catholics south vietnam
geneva convention appointed ngo dinh diem south vietnam premier americans wanted diem ties french colonialism communist geneva convention united states began replace france dominant nation area diem established control military forces smashed armed troops religious sects elected leader saigon government cent vote large votes uncommon elections north south vietnam certainly government diem began administration greatest popular support diem received billion aid country achieved measure economic stability refugees communications rebuilt agricultural production increased june south vietnamese government decision prove fateful traditionally vietnam southeast asia power central government authorities stopped edge village north communists trying influence village government providing administrative groups elected village chiefs chiefs responsible south vietnam elected village chiefs replaced central government cases born village live village preferred live nearby town broke communication lived villages central government saigon
struggle survive important southeast asian nations rest nations caught powerful forces history nature wars changed past nations war armies fought victory defeat war small nation remain neutral line side gain advantages george washington policy avoiding entangling alliances meant united states stay foreign wars order america newly won independence nations possess nuclear weapons policies undergone change today nations fight small wars police actions uncommitted neutral areas africa middle east southeast asia limited battles military victory defeat battle minds certainly prime consideration cold war need survival led nations seek solutions involving wide variety policies philippines thailand south vietnam joined united states australia zealand philippines communist malaysia singapore pro west tied future britain north vietnam aligned communists laos cambodia attempts neutrality war southeast asia overflowed countries making neutral posture extremely difficult
big difference alive alive trouble telling difference live panda toy panda live panda things called activities toy panda panda ling ling photograph splashing tub water lift arms climb tub kind activity called movement toy panda move water tub feels panda hot cold jump able feel called sensitivity ling ling grow big tub toy panda stay size ling ling food eat digest break body rid wastes breathe oxygen organs stomach chemicals body toy panda things ling ling toy panda toy panda basic material called protoplasm protoplasm makes living things activities protoplasm gray colorless color depends found body feels jelly open egg pour bowl white part egg give idea protoplasm
scientists separate living things large groups called kingdoms animal kingdom plant kingdom protist kingdom tell animal plant easy think ways animal plant animals green coloring material called chlorophyll animals nonliving material cellulose plants animals move place place animals react going quickly plants living things differences scientists idea protist kingdom protist kingdom scientists place living things fit neatly plant animal kingdoms protists small microscope protists cell cell able carry activities protists animals plants paramecium ameba algae bacteria hand protists plants animals scientists divided animals main groups backbone called vertebrates backbones called invertebrates main groups divided smaller groups animals backbones called invertebrates large groups invertebrates
largest group animal kingdom animals backbone called vertebrates scientists divide vertebrate group smaller groups fish water animals bodies covered scales fish able breathe water gills lungs fins move swim fish cold blooded animal means body temperature temperature animals group trout perch bass salmon tuna amphibians spend part water part land grow gills disappear lungs place skin moist scales amphibians cold blooded salamander frog toad members group reptiles think snakes poisonous true group poisonous animals body reptile covered scales hard bony plates skin dry cool fish cold blooded animal animals group toads lizards crocodiles snakes turtles birds bodies covered feathers birds wings birds fly body held legs bird warm blooded means body keeps temperature matter temperature
cells grouped form tissues body body epithelial tissue muscle tissue blood tissue bone fat nerve tissue tissues give body shape form help move carry messages brain groups tissues working form organ heart brain lungs organs stem plant organ higher animals plants organ joins organs perform activity group organs called system body systems digestive circulatory respiratory nervous excretory endocrine reproductive circulatory system brings cell body food oxygen needs carry activities circulatory system heart blood vessels blood blood pumped body tubes called blood vessels kinds blood vessels veins carry blood heart arteries carry blood heart capillaries connect arteries veins pump pushes blood blood vessels heart heart special muscle contracts draws relaxes times minute liquid part blood plasma traveling plasma special cells called red blood cells white blood cells platelets cells plasma give cell body needs carry activities
watched big jet planes flight look smooth graceful suppose removed shiny aluminum shell covers plane jet look strange maybe ugly cover plane important part plane skin human body important part body body pleasing eye organ called skin skin covering body skin protects organs inside body cuts bruises keeps water entering body skin keeps moisture inside body drying liquids inside body important dry body die skin acts thermostat thermostat wall home looks small box holds thermometer thermostat turns furnace house cool house warm body overheated perspire droplets water skin awhile droplets evaporate turn gas escape air evaporate heat removed body slowly cools skin helps body rid waste materials perspiration sweat water salts blood nitrogen wastes
heard saying ounce prevention worth pound cure means put keeping problem happening won put lot solving later don think plan follow valuable thing healthy body chapter going learn facts drinking smoking known knowledge ounce prevention alcohol found wine liquor beer powerful mind changing drug depress slow central nervous system especially brain risk death alcohol liquid chemical elements carbon hydrogen oxygen learn chemical elements unit kinds alcohol things shaving lotion alcohol cough medicine alcohol kills germs cleaning skin car radiators thinning paints varnishes kinds alcohol damage body death swallowed kind alcohol beer wine liquor called ethyl alcohol ethyl alcohol drug depresses slows nervous system body dangerous poison
heard say potential potential musician student means person true energy energy stored released stored energy potential energy order potential energy released hold ball potential energy drop ground let energy released kinetic energy kinetic energy known energy motion let ball immediately falls ground ball kinetic energy moving air ground stretch bow shoot arrow storing potential energy arrow release arrow kinetic energy flies air target spring stores potential energy spring pressed stretched potential energy means potential move released moves stored potential energy kinetic energy kinds energy potential kinetic describe kinds energy object moves throw ball mechanical energy
atoms kinds electric charges positive negative positive charges called protons negative charges called electrons object number negative positive charges electrically neutral comb hair separate electrons protons negative charges hair leaves hair positively charged hair protons electrons electrons rubbed hair comb say comb yes comb electrons protons comb negatively charged think happen bring negatively charged comb close hair remember hair positively charged extra electrons comb flow hair flow electrons negative charges protons positive charges spark static electricity stored electricity release depends movement electrons static electricity tear small piece paper tiny pieces touch comb pieces paper happen comb hair quickly times touch comb papers pieces paper stick comb combed hair comb picked electrons hair comb negatively charged brought negatively charged comb neutral uncharged paper
find hard think light form energy lighted room light check medicine cabinet dark brown green bottles bottles colored glass protect inside light energy medicine chemical change photography light energy light rays chemical change place coating film chemical changed light change film picture formed film light energy kind radiant energy energy moves source directions main source light energy sun energy sun form heat rays light leave sun travel directions light speeds space kilometers let idea fast speed started beam light circling earth equator speed earth times property light travels straight lines light curve objects object clear light rays pass dark space object called shadow stand large stadium able hear cheering inside stadium
gases found atmosphere water vapor water form gas air picks water vapor physical change takes place physical change change form matter states matter liquid solid gas matter change change place freezing melting evaporation condensation sublimation freezing happens liquid solid filled ice cube tray water freezer later took tray found filled ice cubes water frozen solid process called freezing freezing point temperature water water solid liquid melting happens solid liquid ice cubes tray place glass let stand awhile find ice cube disappear glass filled water process called melting water liquid evaporation happens liquid gas put water glass mark glass show top water level let stand overnight look water level mark
snow formed upper part cloud dew point freezing water vapor changed ice ice crystals form joining ice crystals grow heavy fall air temperature freezing ground ice crystals melt fall ground snow snowflakes fine dry cold air keeps ice crystals melting falling snowflakes pass warmer air happens joined form large wet flakes snowflakes sides hail form solid precipitation hails thunderstorm summertime formed raindrop forms strong updrafts carry raindrop miles atmosphere temperature height freezing raindrop turns ice frozen raindrop carried farther upward collects snow heavier falls lower part cloud weighs collects water updraft catch carry cloud bouncing layers ice form frozen raindrop heavy fall ground hailstones big baseballs seen imagine damage storm hailstones large
storm system winds rotates circles mass low air pressure called cyclone cyclone begins mass warm air meets mass cold air meet called front warm air rises cold air heavier moves underneath warm air cold air pushes warm air front clouds precipitation form front low low pressure forms low forms highs earth rising air lower air pressure places air pushing earth wind inside cyclone moves counterclockwise direction opposite direction clock hands northern hemisphere warmer air rising inside center colder air rushes center ground winds move outer edges center cyclone brings precipitation southern hemisphere winds inside cyclone rotate clockwise direction anticyclone system winds rotate mass high air pressure cool dry heavy air pushes earth air moves earth earth moving remember earth rotating friction air pulled course northern hemisphere air anticyclone spins clockwise direction opposite direction cyclone
moon kilometers planet earth closest neighbor space humans curious moon july astronaut set foot moon took prepare moon landing scientists engineers observe moon surface carefully looking telescopes satellites launched space carried special cameras took pictures moon surface transmitted earth step launch spacecraft land moon beginning spacecraft destroyed hard crash landing finally surveyor soft safe landing moon surveyor scientists studied pictures spacecraft decided moon surface strong support landing spacecraft carrying scientists engineers set design spacecraft soft landing moon astronauts ready spacecraft learned things launching landing methods weightlessness earth strong gravitational field live space capsule walk space bring spacecraft space bringing called docking spacecraft steps landing surveyor moon landing
planet mars named roman god war ancient peoples red glare planet angry moons mars discovered named deimos phobos greek words meaning terror fear hundred moons discovered mars seen close mariner put orbit mars mapped surface vikings landed mars spacecraft perform study planet surface transmitted pictures mars pictures show surface rocks sand dunes ice caps channels formed ancient floods surprising pictures huge volcanoes active viking returning information red planet planet jupiter named roman god ruled gods humans jupiter largest known planet solar system pioneers spacecraft send information jupiter scientists found jupiter huge ball red hot liquid nitrogen strong magnetic field later voyager spacecraft began transmitting pictures jupiter moons pictures helped answer questions planet discoveries
idea human beings living working space ago writing stories live space think shows movies seen space star wars star trek empire strikes examples exciting couldn dream traveling planets living working space distant future dreams true united states launched space shuttle word shuttle means space shuttle transport carry materials earth space space shuttle important part space transportation system parts system spacelab shuttle orbiter shuttle orbiter columbia columbia cargo bay storage place carry large spacecraft smaller satellites space space transportation system build places space humans live working space factories scientists engineers able produce products imagine automobile lighter stronger material light weight car fuel material strong car material earth
americans today healthier receive medical care recreation previous generation live longer figure dip caused part influenza pandemic cited table page health problems remain united states rest parts communicable diseases complete control country mass water supplies impure result floods hurricanes federal government began mass immunization program united states feared outbreak swine influenza disease caused millions deaths pandemic advancing technology brought benefits problems industrialization gave unlimited possessions food worldwide air water pollution land stripped beauty energy shortage airplane automobile gave unlimited freedom travel smog unbearable noise increase accidents figure laborsaving devices washing machines vacuum cleaners power lawn mowers leisure spend extra inactivity neglecting proper physical exercise let close look major problems facing country today health records show heart disease cancer accidents order leading death today
human begins fertilized egg cell formed union male female reproductive cell fertilized egg grows dividing cells cells divide cells adult body approximately thousand billion trillion cells rapidly dividing cells grow kinds cells body needs skin cells blood cells bone cells amazingly trillion cells carries hereditary information directing growth development traveler road map cell carries plan cell tiny factory takes nourishment bloodstream food cell material waste let look single cell manages things living cell jellylike material called protoplasm protoplasm includes cell membrane cytoplasm nucleus figure shows cell parts membrane thin soft sheet acts covering lining delicate cell membrane surrounds cell food enter waste material leave cell membrane cell distinctive shape cells shapes sizes according job cytoplasm occupies space cell look cell microscope cytoplasm colorless
thousands billions cells body single nourishment oxygen rid waste materials circulatory system job carries cells oxygen lungs nourishing substances absorbed digestive system removes waste materials cells carries waste materials organs discharge body circulatory system parts heart blood vessels blood lymph lymph vessels parts system familiar lymph body fluid carried lymph vessels discuss detail later chief organ circulatory system heart figure heart hollow muscular pump figure shows chambers compartments heart divided upper chambers called auricles atria lower chambers called ventricles heart muscles contract blood pumped ventricles heart muscles relax returning blood flows auricles heart action referred heartbeat body rest heart beats times minute idea heart try figure write approximately times heart beats hours times beat bend arm rate times minute fatigue makes stop
skin receptors constantly give latest weather report region body blood vessels sweat glands skin help body react weather reports figure tiny capillaries supply skin blood hot weather capillaries expand enlarging surface areas body heat enlarged surfaces cold weather capillaries contract draw body heat lost reduced surface areas muscles shown figure pull skin hairs muscles release heat help body warm tell muscles working goose bumps arms tiny arm hairs stand end seen growling dog neck hairs erect goose bumps hair standing end caused fear million sweat glands figure hot weather give moisture cold weather moisture drying skin cools addition hot weather cold sweat glands help kidneys collecting waste materials blood liquid waste called perspiration sweat leaves body openings skin called pores quart liter perspiration body odorless
circus performers hang catch plane skin sink steak death durable parts body found centuries skeletons susceptible decay teeth course important health happiness resigned losing teeth grew older fortunately days past learn visit dentist regularly eat foods properly clean teeth carefully chance completely preventing dental disease keeping permanent teeth permanently decide begin kind daily care discussed later chapter remember front teeth loosened fell teeth belonged set primary teeth baby teeth milk teeth called teeth began form months birth babies stay hidden jaw months birth begin push gums age children full set baby teeth set teeth took months develop jaws pushing gums
jaws modern don room permanent teeth result teeth wedged jaw tooth tooth erupt push gum figure page shows wisdom tooth teeth safely left pain swelling grow wrong pointing cheek require dentist attention teeth jobs chew food help speak clearly hold teeth place help look supporting facial features giving attractive smile teeth lined proper positions jobs meet bite normal occlusion occlusion means closing teeth meet bad closing malocclusion figure teeth pushed place thumb sucking sleep habits put pressure jaw moved slowly place teeth lost dentist put space prevent happening teeth pushed crookedly ahead baby teeth slow loosening falling dentist remove baby teeth teeth simply result overcrowding small jaw malocclusion result teeth jobs
taking driver education learn traffic laws principles driving cars driver training wheel accident rates lower drivers trained school drivers states require students training looking forward classes students eager learn drive worry bit ability drivers current behavior tell kind driver obey traffic laws pedestrian crossing safely considerate motorists bicyclists pedestrians ride bike stay roadway ride single file bike repair equipped headlight visible feet meters rear reflector visible feet meters possibly reflector tape pedals car passenger wear seat shoulder belts try disturb driver answer yes questions asked law abiding considerate responsible pedestrian bicyclist passenger chances kind driver obeying law important safety road plays part fatal accidents caused improper driving
poisoning severe bleeding breath stoppage emergency calls action important medical help give aid immediately person calling care poisoned person caller ready describe victim symptoms give poison known poison emergency telephone reasons want aid advice want alert doctor hospital emergency room need ambulance ready care victim transit arrival call nearest equipped hospital emergency room call doctor advice areas call local poison control center products poisons market thousands products exist places poison control centers set gather store information products information known poisons poisonous plants insects reptiles centers sources aid information especially poison unusual unknown calling help try dilute thin poison victim stomach giving glasses milk lukewarm water drink milk water milk protection digestive system
tissues especially surface tissues skin hair nails reproduce cell division page cell division reproduce entire individual human begins cell divides cells join cell mother father forming fertilized egg cell remember body cells chromosomes program growth development sex cells egg cells female bodies sperm cells male bodies chromosomes sperm cell father unites egg cell produced mother single cell formed chromosomes needed direct growth cell begins develop cell divisions single cell group cells group cells developing embryo unborn individual end months individual completed period rapid human growth fully developed ready born birth individual continues grow heavier taller broader physical maturity reached puberty boys girls mature sexually able children puberty adolescence begins puberty ends person sexually mature adolescence end young person adult legally
surprising young willing try feel sophisticated daring independent adult figure continue smoke smoking ease tension help relax answer yes let say party begun nervous guests sitting circle trying failing start interesting conversation nonsmokers feel awkward smokers busy feel awkward taking pack shaking loose cigarette lighting puffing flicking ashes burning end finally grinding smoker soon learns relax lighting feels nervous smoker soon feels nervous need smoke smoking habits gradually form smoker learned reach smoke finish meal break fight tension fatigue boredom blues important thing remember smoking habits changed exactly formed place taught smokers teach nonsmokers step learn relax cigarettes forms tobacco quick relaxers school deep breaths relax mouth chin letting mouth droop open
monday morning school students teresa period math class gathered talk classmate hear happened teresa ruby heard killed crash mark nat driving ran red light hit car dot police say teresa nat drinking ruby added heard stories young school stories point important problem live age automobiles complex machinery alcohol dangerous past half fatal accidents involve drinking drivers means alcohol helps deaths major injuries today alcohol crime rate high unconnected country crimes fourth suicides half murders involve alcohol average person likely affected statistic national institute alcoholic abuse alcoholism says drinker ten alcoholic person addicted alcohol problem drinker person drinks problems society alcohol information contained chapter help decision say alcohol mean ethyl alcohol drinkable alcohol
alcoholic person needs addicted alcohol prolonged misuse alcohol marked symptoms alcoholism chief delirium tremens tremens means trembling shaking delirium sees things suffer delirium tremens disorganized speech mind confusion alcoholism complicated problem simple addiction rutgers university center alcohol studies says alcoholic unable consistently choose drink influence drink alcoholic unable consistently choose stop committee alcoholism drug dependence american medical association defines alcoholism illness preoccupation alcohol loss control figure page person alcoholic drunk frequently lapsing drunken unconsciousness person starts drinking earlier secret drinks faster impossible single alcohol periods alcoholic memory common arrests drunkenness drunken driving heavy drinking permanently enlarge surface blood vessels drinker face permanently rose colored illnesses alcoholism cirrhosis liver disease kills alcoholics begin develop
important consumer education voluntary health organizations american heart association important increasing rate heart attack heart attack death begun health authorities believe things responsible decline emergency care consumer education medical care diet exercise consumer education important reason educated consumer able spot quack ignorant dishonest person pretends medical training knowledge fashioned quacks hauled medicine shows town town wagon figure numerous modern quacks place offer sale worthless medicines medical treatments money sincerely believe healers dangerous treatments delay regular medical care read early treatment important measure illnesses cancer vital harmful intentioned quackery ago girl checked california hospital awaiting surgery type eye cancer medical doctor convinced parents cure cancer surgery parents canceled surgery prolonged daughter took hospital allowed treat illness
actually live hospitals hospitals small communities patients supplied medical care food fresh clothing bedding clean maintained surroundings dietitians plan regular special diets cooks helpers prepare serve food laundry workers supply fresh linen engineers elevators maintenance equipment medical machines running cleaning crews round clock addition clerks assisted typists medical records accountants handle financial records calculations aid computers computer specialists hospitals colleges train medical clerks medical terms procedures especially admitting hospital patients keeping medical records figure specially trained variety jobs hospitals large hospital number social workers help patients nonmedical problems librarian charge hospital medical books supervises library patient pharmacist stocks supplies medicines physical therapists treat patients conditions means heat light water massage exercise supervised activity rest figure inhalation therapists give patients oxygen help breathe especially surgery large hospital employs skilled technicians kinds laboratory technicians specialties examining things blood urine tissue samples cultures bacteria viruses ray technicians operate hospital medical machines figure
nearly thirteen brother jem arm badly broken elbow healed jem fears able play football seldom conscious injury left arm shorter stood walked hand angles body thumb parallel thigh couldn cared pass punt enable look discussed events leading accident maintain ewells started jem senior started began summer dill dill gave idea making boo radley wanted broad view thing began andrew jackson general jackson run creeks creek simon finch paddled alabama settle argument fist fight consulted atticus father southerners source shame members family recorded ancestors side battle hastings simon finch fur trapping apothecary cornwall piety exceeded
according neighborhood legend younger radley boy teens acquainted cunninghams enormous confusing tribe domiciled northern part county formed nearest thing gang seen discussed town publicly warned pulpits hung barbershop rode bus sundays picture show attended dances county riverside gambling hell dew drop inn fishing camp experimented whiskey nerve tell radley boy wrong crowd night excessive spurt high spirits boys backed square borrowed resisted arrest ancient beadle locked courthouse outhouse town decided knew bound determined wouldn boys probate judge charges disorderly conduct disturbing peace assault battery abusive profane language presence hearing female judge asked included charge loud sure lady heard judge decided send boys industrial school boys reason provide food decent shelter prison disgrace
catching walter cunningham schoolyard gave pleasure rubbing nose dirt jem told stop re bigger nearly start wrong foot let scout didn lunch explained involvement walter dietary affairs walter picked standing quietly listening jem fists half cocked expecting onslaught stomped chase jem put hand stopped examined walter air speculation daddy walter cunningham asked walter nodded walter looked raised fish food eyes blue dill harris red rimmed watery color face tip nose pink fingered straps overalls nervously picking metal hooks jem suddenly grinned home dinner walter glad walter face brightened darkened jem daddy friend daddy scout crazy won fight wouldn jem free pledge irked precious noontime minutes ticking yeah walter won jump don butterbeans
reasons unfathomable experienced prophets county autumn turned winter weeks coldest weather atticus avery written rosetta stone children disobeyed parents smoked cigarettes war seasons change jem burdened guilt contributing aberrations nature causing unhappiness neighbors discomfort mrs radley died winter death caused ripple neighborhood seldom saw watered cannas jem decided boo atticus returned radley house died natural disappointment ask jem whispered ask re oldest oughta ask atticus arthur atticus looked sternly newspaper jem restrained questions atticus wouldn push jem notion atticus thought activities night summer solely confined strip poker jem firm basis idea merely twitch morning awoke looked window nearly died fright screams brought atticus bathroom half shaven atticus dragged window pointed snowing
boy order cecil jacobs beginning thin jem fists clenched ready let fly atticus promised wear heard fighting big childish things sooner learned hold soon forgot cecil jacobs forget announced schoolyard scout finch daddy defended niggers denied told jem mean sayin asked jem ask atticus tell defend niggers atticus asked evening course don say nigger scout common school says don want grow talkin send school father looked mildly amusement eyes despite compromise campaign avoid school continued form dose beginning september brought sinking spells dizziness mild gastric complaints pay nickel privilege rubbing head head miss rachel cook son afflicted tremendous ringworm didn worrying bone lawyers defend negroes atticus course scout cecil say defended niggers
jumped yard distance kicking tufts grass turning occasionally smile jem appeared porch looked francis climbed mimosa tree put hands pockets strolled yard hah asked thought uncle jack francis reckoned told sit leave botherin francis looked carefully concluded sufficiently subdued crooned softly nigger lover split knuckle bone front teeth left impaired sailed uncle jack pinned arms sides stand aunt alexandra ministered francis wiping tears handkerchief rubbing hair patting cheek atticus jem uncle jimmy porch francis started yelling started uncle jack francis pointed grandma bawled called whore lady jumped true scout uncle jack reckon uncle jack looked features aunt alexandra told trouble words told didn yes sir re trouble stay debating stand run tarried indecision moment turned flee uncle jack quicker
jem twelve live inconsistent moody appetite appalling told times stop pestering consulted atticus reckon tapeworm atticus jem growing patient disturb change jem matter weeks mrs cold grave jem grateful company read overnight jem acquired alien set values trying impose times tell jem hollered started bein girl acting burst tears fled calpurnia don fret mister jem began mis ter jem yeah mister jem needs beat big baby calpurnia help mister jem gonna want lot doin boys kitchen feel lonesome find lots things beginning summer boded jem pleased calpurnia dill glad appeared kitchen watching began think skill involved girl
put bag front bedroom calpurnia thing aunt alexandra jean louise stop scratching head thing calpurnia picked aunty heavy suitcase opened door jem took heard suitcase hit bedroom floor thump sound dull permanence visit aunty asked aunt alexandra visits landing rare traveled owned bright green square buick black chauffeur unhealthy tidiness today seen didn father tell asked jem shook heads forgot nome till late afternoon jem father decided stay meant days thirty jem exchanged glances jem growing decided feminine influence won jean louise interested clothes boys answers cal girl interested boys interested clothes quiet uncle jimmy asked jem comin staying landing
heard finch family aunt alexandra heard plenty town saturdays armed nickels jem permitted accompany positively allergic presence public squirm sweating sidewalk crowds hear chillun yonder finches turning face accusers couple farmers studying enema bags drugstore window dumpy countrywomen straw hats sitting hoover cart loose rape countryside em run county care obscure observation met head skinny gentleman passed reminded question ask atticus rape asked night atticus looked paper chair window grew older jem thought generous allow atticus thirty minutes supper sighed rape carnal knowledge female force consent calpurnia dry asked atticus looked pensive asked calpurnia comin church ask forgot askin paper lap told detail trip church calpurnia
corner yard bewildered fence line chipped enamel slop jars holding brilliant red geraniums cared tenderly belonged miss maudie atkinson miss maudie permit geranium premises ewell sure children place dirty faced windows passed occasion pass christmas churches delivered baskets mayor asked help garbage collector dumping trees trash atticus took christmas complied mayor request dirt road ran highway past dump small negro settlement hundred yards ewells highway full length road turn turned negroes front yards frosty december dusk cabins looked neat snug pale blue smoke rising chimneys doorways glowing amber fires inside delicious smells chicken bacon frying crisp twilight air jem detected squirrel cooking took countryman atticus identify possum rabbit aromas vanished rode past ewell residence witness stand nearest neighbor scrubbed lye soap hot water skin white
booming violet ewell young girl walked witness stand raised hand swore evidence gave truth truth truth help god fragile looking sat facing witness chair thick girl accustomed strenuous labor county easy tell bathed regularly opposed yearly ewell scalded look overnight soaking deprived protective layers dirt skin appeared sensitive elements looked tried clean reminded row red geraniums ewell yard asked tell jury words happened evening november twenty words sat silently dusk evening began patiently porch porch front porch porch nothin judge taylor tell happened stared burst tears covered mouth hands sobbed judge taylor let cry don tell truth strange ashamed fear
finch goin home usual evenin passed ewell place miss porch real quiet didn studyin says help minute inside fence looked didn says naw somethin house th door hinges fall comin pretty fast screwdriver miss sho steps motioned inside front room looked door miss door look pulled hinges door face finch quiet chile place em miss chillun tom black velvet skin begun shine ran hand face say chillun continued says sort says town ice creams says took slap save nickels town
weather unusually warm october didn need jackets wind growing stronger jem raining home moon street light corner cast sharp shadows radley house heard jem laugh softly bet bothers tonight jem carrying ham costume awkwardly hard hold thought gallant scary place boo mean harm glad re atticus wouldn let schoolhouse jem don corner yard yard mighty place girls cross night jem teased scared laughed hot steams incantations secret signs vanished mist sunrise thing jem angel bright death road don suck breath cut front radley place jem boo home listen high darkness solitary poured repertoire blissful tree sat plunging shrill kee kee sunflower bird irascible qua ack bluejay sad lament poor poor poor turned corner tripped root growing road
aunt alexandra reached mantelpiece tate rose declined assistance atticus instinctive courtesy failed sat think bob ewell saying atticus took rest ewell thing sure atticus dead tate dead won hurt children didn mean atticus talking sleep age beginning show sign turmoil strong line jaw melted aware telltale creases forming ears noticed jet black hair gray patches growing temples livingroom aunt alexandra don mind tate stay won hurt jem want look injuries scout tells leave asked person room want atticus aunt alexandra door stopped turned atticus feeling tonight fault began tate held hand ahead miss alexandra shock don fret feelings cats tails
boo radley shuffled feet light livingroom windows glistened forehead move uncertain sure hands feet proper contact things touched coughed dreadful cough shaken sit hand searched hip pocket pulled handkerchief coughed wiped forehead accustomed absence found incredible sitting present sound feet turned nodded front door say night jem wouldn arthur led hall aunt alexandra sitting jem bed arthur asleep dr reynolds gave heavy sedative jean louise father livingroom yes ma think speak minute dr reynolds left voice trailed boo drifted corner room stood chin peering distance jem took hand hand surprisingly warm whiteness tugged allowed lead jem bed dr reynolds tent arrangement jem arm cover guess boo leaned forward looked expression timid curiosity face seen boy
round corner side street woman head covered tattered shawl began talk turret car pointing roof sniper lay informer turret opened head shoulders appeared looking sniper sniper raised rifle fired head fell heavily turret wall woman darted side street sniper fired woman whirled round fell shriek gutter suddenly opposite roof shot rang sniper dropped rifle curse rifle clattered roof sniper thought noise wake dead stopped pick rifle couldn lift forearm dead hit muttered dropping flat roof crawled parapet left hand felt injured forearm blood oozing sleeve coat pain deadened sensation arm cut quickly drew knife pocket opened breastwork parapet ripped open sleeve small hole bullet entered side hole bullet lodged bone fractured bent arm wound arm bent easily ground teeth overcome pain
unusual feature building hidden safe deposit room concealed floors knew whereabouts soundproof room harris chief cashier architect plans building destroyed unauthorized persons stumble information door room opened newest form electronic device respond code word spoken needless say code word known harris chief cashier architect thought cold horror type newspaper swam guilty eyes thought look document innocuous appeared fifty begged bended knees knew blueprint knew floor room knew door led worst knew written margin code word open door hasten tell secret discovered consult psychiatrist ask guilty knowledge mind roger ask advice simplicity course commended ask saturday thought mother invited saturday supper
supervisor leans red face bitsy children married mrs larkin records confused say children say kin bitsy shakes head welfare ask questions bitsy answers forgetful want bring order present concentrate answer don don need questions says mrs bitsy don christian don put nursing home belong person help sends care supervisor looks investigator looks hands bitsy dare speak hearing words nursing home struck hospital threatened nursing home holds breath supervisor smiles reassuringly bitsy speaks landlady mrs larkin management problem don want house want mrs larkin happiest
think home town youth remember dust brown crumbly dust late summer arid sterile dust eyes makes water throat toes bare brown feet don remember dust surely lush green lawns paved streets leafy shade trees town memory abstract painting present things feel think place remember dry september dirt roads grassless yards shanty town lived thing remember incongruency memory brilliant splash sunny yellow dust miss lottie marigolds memory marigolds flashes mind strange nostalgia comes remains picture faded feel chaotic emotions adolescence illusive smoke real potted geranium joy rage wild animal gladness shame tangled multicolored skein going recall devastating moment suddenly woman child ago miss lottie yard think marigolds strangest times remember vividly desperately pass waiting
orphanage high carolina mountains winter snowdrifts deep institution cut village fog hides mountain peaks snow swirls valleys wind blows bitterly orphanage boys milk daily baby cottage reach door fingers stiff agony numbness carry trays cookhouse sick jerry faces frostbit put hands gloves added boys don liked late spring rhododendron bloom carpet color mountainsides soft winds stirred hemlocks called laurel pretty laurel blooms pink white autumn wanted quiet isolation troublesome writing wanted mountain air blow malaria subtropics homesick flaming maples october corn shocks pumpkins black walnut trees lift hills found living cabin belonged orphanage half mile orphanage farm took cabin asked boy chop wood fireplace
moment finding mother shocked greatly disturbed understood distress filled passionate resentment woman leave son fresh anger added son orphanage wholesome place executives kind food adequate boys healthy ragged shirt hardship clean labor granted boy felt lack blood fed bowels woman yearn child lean body looked thought change eyes quality apparent idiot fool burned questions ask afraid pain seen jerry lately summer sends wanted cry let comes job face shone firelight wanted give puppy let boy puppy remember suit sunday
olden lived semibarbaric king ideas polished sharpened progressiveness distant latin neighbors large florid untrammeled half barbaric exuberant fancy withal authority irresistible turned varied fancies facts greatly communing agreed thing member domestic political systems moved smoothly appointed course nature bland genial hitch orbs orbits blander genial pleased crooked straight crush uneven places borrowed notions barbarism semifixed public arena exhibitions manly beastly valor minds subjects refined cultured exuberant barbaric fancy asserted arena king built give opportunity hearing rhapsodies dying gladiators enable view inevitable conclusion conflict religious opinions hungry jaws purposes adapted widen develop mental energies vast amphitheater encircling galleries mysterious vaults unseen passages agent poetic justice crime punished virtue rewarded decrees impartial incorruptible chance
aunt presently nuttel possessed young lady fifteen meantime try put framton nuttel endeavored say correct duly flatter niece moment unduly discounting aunt privately doubted formal visits succession total strangers helping nerve cure supposed undergoing sister preparing migrate rural retreat bury speak living soul nerves worse moping give letters introduction remember nice framton wondered mrs sappleton lady presenting letters introduction nice division round asked niece judged sufficient silent communion soul framton sister staying rectory ago gave letters introduction statement tone distinct regret practically aunt pursued possessed young lady address admitted caller
mother father standing door downstairs bathroom farther understood voice peculiar quality side harshness carry longer distances voices inside bathroom yard listening bees tell breakfast ready didn tell didn move late cold spring snow ground end april weather turned suddenly warm huge cherry trees yard blossomed overnight planted straight line middle yard soon sun honeybees wheeling york trees swarms sunny morning father stood bloom filled cherry trees listened hum bees mother knew sending bathroom carry message cherry tree finally dining room breakfast spent ten minutes looking plate glass mirror hung basin
mid morning cold bright holding potted plant girl fourteen jumped bus front ladies home outskirts town wore red coat straight yellow hair hanging loose pointed white cap girls wearing stopped moment prickly dark shrubs city home proceeded slowly building whitewashed brick reflected winter sunlight block ice walked vaguely steps shifted small pot hand hand set remove mittens open heavy door campfire girl pay visit lady told nurse desk woman white uniform looked cold close cut hair stood top head exactly sea wave marian girl tell visit give minimum points score acquainted residents asked nurse lifted eyebrow spoke ladies marian stammered free hand pushed hair ears study science
puddle frozen cathy twins door terry high sight forgot waitin turn tire cathy jumped hard heels started tap frozen patch underneath kinda spooky looks plastic spider web sort weird spider guess mental problems looked crystal paperweight granny parlor porch granny making cakes drunk ladle dripping rum christmas tins drip maple syrup pails lived judson woods poured cider vats cooper place scoop buttermilk soft cheese lived dairy tell bunch trees ma tell camera cathy look meadow station wagon mornin tall huge camera shoulder buzzin re makin movie pictures yelled legs tire slow re makin movie pictures sang terry boy don original say say cathy grown
camera runnin fallin camera scared jumpin huge bird tryin bring hawk raggedy ole cap cain straight silent watchin circles hawk hammer wrist giant bird fallin silent slow comes camera big bad awful thing broken cain looks mind listenin listenin low music comin porch figure minute somethin tells minute granny gonna bust screen somethin hand murder mind say buzzin quiet gentlemen invited play cards stayed sandwiches reverend webb didn cathy say folks stand tall silent king smile pullin mouth teeth lookin wolf holds hand huge hand sit baby carry house mother gift tray
gods slept night sleep hold hermes helper thought guide priam watch guard gate stood king head saying thought evil sir sleeping greeks achilles kill ransomed son true price gave agamemnon hears sons give times ransom king afraid herald hermes put mules horses drove camp knowing ford eddying offspring immortal zeus hermes high olympus dawn coming face earth drove city moans cries wagon dead conscious coming cassandra high saw dear father standing chariot lying bier mule wagon cried loudly town women troy look hector joyful battle joy city cried woman city meet priam brought home dead
witness events peaceful character woodpile pile stumps observed large ants red larger nearly half inch black fiercely contending hold let struggled wrestled rolled chips incessantly looking farther surprised find chips covered combatants duellum bellum war races ants red pitted black frequently red black legions myrmidons covered hills vales wood yard ground strewn dead dying red black battle witnessed battlefield trod battle raging internecine war red republicans hand black imperialists side engaged deadly combat noise hear human soldiers fought resolutely watched couple fast locked embraces sunny valley amid chips noonday prepared fight till sun smaller red champion fastened vice adversary front tumblings field instant ceased gnaw feelers root caused board stronger black dashed side side saw looking nearer divested members
sunny morning sat breakfast nook looked scrambled eggs white unicorn golden horn quietly cropping roses garden bedroom wife asleep woke unicorn garden eating roses opened unfriendly eye looked unicorn mythical beast turned walked slowly downstairs garden unicorn browsing tulips unicorn pulled lily gave unicorn ate gravely high heart unicorn garden upstairs roused wife unicorn ate lily wife sat bed looked coldly booby going put booby hatch liked words booby booby hatch liked shining morning unicorn garden thought moment walked door golden horn middle forehead told garden watch unicorn unicorn
live answers question answer live earth stand earth small part surface view earth space shaped ball study earth globe globe kind model earth shape earth shows bodies land water earth surface earth large bodies water called oceans bodies land called continents globe able find north find north pole picture page northernmost point earth find south pole picture southernmost point earth look lines globe picture line forms circle globe east west lines called lines latitude numbered degrees measuring mark numeral stands word degrees find equator picture page line halfway north south pole starting point measuring latitude lines north line called lines north latitude
sun largest object solar system star glowing ball gases heat light sun heat light planets move planets sun warmer sun sun makes earth earth closer sun hot happen earth farther sun earth moves ways earth spins axis believe line center earth spinning moving orbit sun spinning earth daylight darkness movement earth sun seasons change takes hours earth complete turn axis daylight darkness side earth faces sun earth turns side facing sun daylight side darkness earth turns east morning sun east evening west takes days earth complete journey sun parts earth seasons
suppose pair magic shoes place earth kind place visit steep mountains level plains place icy cold visit warm desert bright colored flowers grow close ground huge trees monkeys live chapter learn surface earth find climate important discover earth interesting place surface earth water land look map globe water land earth fact fourths earth surface water water earth water earth salt water water fresh water salt water oceans salt water drinking watering crops salt removed ways think water oceans earth water inland land bodies earth inland water fresh water lakes rivers fresh water drinking washing
north pole coldest places earth center arctic ocean robert peary wanted person reach north pole tried times failed peary mind try commander peary teams explorers teams wore warm clothing hides seals dogs pull sleds ice fields teams built snow houses camps teams earlier teams left food camps teams finished job turned peary led team team trail earlier teams noon april peary team miles goal tired farther resting hours team pushed robert peary person stand north pole members peary team black named matthew henson eskimos peary team american flag snow showed americans reach north pole eskimos group live tundra region relatives groups live region eskimos strong clever important tundra strong clever
siberia covers half land soviet union tenth soviet union live siberia live large cities southern siberia tundra region northern siberia settled based northern siberia think think northern siberia wasteland northern siberia rich natural resources resources things natural environment northern siberia large deposits coal oil metals things northern siberia important past moving siberian tundra northern siberia frontier soviet union part country northern siberia oceans northern siberia filled fish large herds reindeer live region eat fish reindeer meat need kinds food fruits vegetables grains eaten northern siberia raised winters northern siberia cold need warm clothing buy clothing reindeer skins furs outdoors summers northern siberia short cool temperature summer days
think hear words autumn fall think trees picture page fall leaves trees change color leaves drop ground trees shed leaves called deciduous trees kinds deciduous trees broad flat leaves oaks maples elms kinds deciduous trees growing place deciduous forest trees plants grow deciduous forest trees plants grow levels level forest floor soil dead leaves twigs trees fall ground part forest floor things slowly decay rot part soil small plants grow forest floor plants form level herb level level shrub level shrubs bushes grow feet meters forest floor young trees taller bushes part level young trees grow taller part fourth level tops trees level forest think happens trees grow taller oldest tallest trees level forest
grassland regions found parts land regions flat hills small rolling trees grassland regions generally direction grasslands makes grasses grassland regions grow heights grow tall feet meters height grasses things describe kinds grasslands things natural environment things found grasslands divided major kinds based natural environment grasslands short grasses called steppes grasses grow height inches centimeters grasses grow clumps bare soil soil protected blowing winds rushing waters think happens soil protected flat hilly land covered mid tall grasses called prairies grasses grow feet meter tall deep roots grow close covering soil grasses help soil place grasslands tall stiff grasses trees brush called savannas grasses feet feet meter meters height
live grassland region united states live farms ranches live small towns farms ranches rural country land part united states farming ranching live large communities urban city live city suburbs suburbs urban communities found cities grasslands needs needs things order live food need needs food raised grasslands country farms grasslands flat land rich soil rainfall fairly growing season things help grasslands food producing heart country corn wheat soybeans dairy foods grasslands united states part country hogs cattle sheep raised foods animals farmers raise food today buy stores buy foods grown grasslands foods shipped parts country live cities grasslands buy food large markets close homes
live grasslands united states tribes american indians met needs natural environment indians hunted buffalo foot horses spanish hunting changed indians trained horses run alongside buffalo bow arrow indians shoot buffalo think hunting buffalo foot indians grasslands meat buffalo ate meat fresh rest pemmican pemmican cutting buffalo meat strips drying ground dried strips mixed meat melted fat berries pemmican spoiling important indians indians skins buffalo clothing removing hair tanning skins shelters called tepees buffalo skins tepees cone shaped tents indians carry important indians grasslands indians living trap animals trade indians skins build homes grasslands grasslands eastern part country
rivers lakes warm desert region places warm deserts water ground dig wells reach water wells water supply water places build dams picture page rivers warm deserts dams walls hold river water forming large lakes lakes formed dams called reservoirs pipes ditches carry water reservoirs miles think pipes ditches working order warm deserts country ranchers ranchers raise sheep cattle pipelines bring water animals sheep cattle eat desert plants ranchers buy hay grain parts country help feed animals think ranchers built farms parts warm deserts soil farmers irrigation irrigation bringing water farm fields water flows pipes ditches picture page farmers irrigation grow fruits vegetables crops grow warm deserts think live deserts buy food stores food grown desert ranches farms food shipped warm desert region parts country
sahara largest important desert africa thought sahara huge wasteland lived places visited today sahara changing discovered natural resources beneath desert sand things natural environment sahara large deposits oil gas think things important regions sahara need water live sahara water oasis place desert water soil large oasis water thousand live farmers oasis raise kinds vegetables fruits widely raised crop dates farmers oasis dig deep wells water wells irrigation farmers giant sprinklers picture page water fields sahara water nile river nile flows sahara water dries think happens nile built dams reservoirs farmers raise fruits vegetables cotton river water irrigation crops shipped sahara sahara hotter desert live sahara wear loose fitting cotton clothing
early sahara nomads moved search water food needed things herds goats sheep camels animals ate desert plants force nomads move herds groups nomads lived sahara depended animals things needed early sahara ate meat drank milk animals milk making butter nomads lived tents think tents nomads sewed goatskins stretched skins wooden poles nomads tied sides tent rocks early sahara wore clothing protected sun wind think women wore loose fitting robes children wore open shirts women covered heads pieces cloth wrapped protect ears neck face important desert nomads lived family groups helped moving children filled goatskin bags water women rolled tents tied backs camels donkeys left families months travel caravans caravans large groups camels carry goods desert caravans carried cloth sugar salt gold
statue liberty stands liberty island york harbor real liberty enlightening generally called statue liberty statue liberty gift united states france july stands friendship understanding countries suppose gift country fourth july canada united states understood important countries border understand bridge built connecting canada united states bridge known peace bridge think bridge peace bridge crosses niagara river goes buffalo york fort erie ontario peace bridge built honor understanding canada united states argentina chile countries south america governments argentina chile agree border countries governments reached understanding statue called christ andes border argentina chile statue andes mountains honors peace understanding countries think ways argentina chile honor understanding
understanding reading knowing makes written paragraph paragraph group sentences idea subject written paragraph topic sentence sentence states major idea generally sentence paragraph sentences tell major idea paragraphs topic sentence underlined sentences paragraph tell major idea read study paragraphs tundra northern part land flat flatland covered cracks cracks land look jigsaw puzzle tundra covers small part earth surface cold land forms kind collar northern part earth largest parts kind land found canada soviet union group sentences written group sentences sentence belong sentence tell major idea read study paragraphs topic sentence underlined sentences paragraph sentence heavy print sentence tell major idea living alaskan tundra wear warm clothing wear heavy hooded jacket
learning sort ideas facts help reading major ideas called topics idea subject paragraph paragraph group sentences point subject major idea stated sentence sentences generally give facts major idea sentence stating topic paragraph underlined read study paragraph grasslands short grasses called steppes grasses grow height inches centimeters grow clumps bare soil soil protected wind water copy sheet paper underline sentence states topic grasslands tall stiff grasses trees brush called savannas grasses feet feet meter meters height grow bunches cover soil words tell topic called subtopics words explain describe present facts topic sentences words underlined paragraph read study sentences important live america grasslands living farms ranches goods markets sold rural towns need goods american cities cities need live lots places
live biosphere heard place matter living oahu ohio ontario biosphere biosphere portion earth atmosphere form occurs resident biosphere imagine layer varying thickness extending entire earth outer limit earth surface limit found limits earth figure earth surface biosphere extend upper lower limits vary place place boundaries fixed ceiling floor room atmosphere tiny bacteria collected meters sea level mount everest birds seen meters extreme exists forms deepest parts ocean floor meters surface beneath land limit hundred meters bacteria found underground water oil deposits depths earth confined thin skin earth radius roughly times greater distance known upper lower limits biosphere learning geography biosphere interesting
learn biosphere wandering streets city sitting beach rowing pond biologists scientists study places biologists want study things happen biosphere laboratories control factors light temperature moisture believe science laboratories complicated equipment cases equipment needed depends problem studied carry laboratory investigations jars household chemicals notebook alert mind notebook record investigation complete treat notebook carefully write observations keeping full records help answer questions arise later laboratory fun discouraging experiments turn expect carefully plant water seeds sprout weeks raise colony tiny water animals die learn overcome difficulties important scientific discoveries resulted experiments failed attempting produce antibiotics scientists fail times succeeding scientists failed find cure cancer failure discard approach directs attention ideas scientists closer understanding cancer
encountered human beings planet suppose saw things suggested presence strange planet saw pile rusty tin cans windblown candy wrappers wrecked automobile found air polluted black smoke carbon monoxide fumes stream filled sewage trash discovered remains forest gigantic trees stumps remaining walked past row row empty buildings found found gigantic reservoirs mud flats abandoned farmland deep fine dust covered white salt found things planet suspect past lived human beings living things leave traces activity created beautiful things experience biosphere numbers increased complex problems created biosphere multiplied tremendously read today problems magazines newspapers hear radio portrayed television observant recognize communities problems caused human impact biosphere problems solved help
food eat digested cells body cell surrounded thin membrane food material pass membrane inside cell part food waste materials pass membrane leave cell knows exactly materials pass cell membranes biologists trying find cells discovered things known food materials food small particles called molecules molecules vary size shape cells size shape molecule depend atoms making molecule moment think atom marble single marble represent atom marbles fastened combination represent molecule molecules complex thousands marbles fastened represent answered question molecules move cells part answer lies behavior molecules thought constant motion solid material wood free move distances liquid greater freedom molecules gas oxygen carbon dioxide greater freedom move move distances visualize point simply suppose skunk enters classroom unnoticed discharges odor front room
suppose give report nuclear submarine works reference books suppose mechanic submarine top working condition permitted study submarine watch goes comes listen sounds coming circumstances inside boat listening complaints need employers let look inside distant relative submarine discarded tugboat similarities tugboat nuclear submarine knowledge tugboat help understand submarine hundreds ago scientists physicians similar position tried describe internal structure human body wanted living body worked rarely look inside managed dissect observe internal structure dead bodies illegal countries death body normal functions stop limitations scientists learned external appearance body looked inside bodies animals animals humans tugboat nuclear submarine observations scientists tried understand human body working order course situation considerably
heart muscular organ pumps blood rhythmic contractions heart force blood arteries blood arteries high pressure arteries thick walls blood veins pressure arteries walls thinner arteries veins walls thick let raw materials waste materials diffuse capillaries exceedingly thin walls walls substances diffuse blood cells cells blood capillaries widespread cell body cells branching capillaries forming veins tissue organ drained vein returns blood heart complicated system cells living things require substances environment organism larger cells problem getting food cells difficult help circulation large organism cells compared large city circulation small organism compared farm city food delivered directly kitchen door garbage removed intervals city supplies water directly homes similar services food delivery garbage removal provided individual cells multicellular celled plant animal
species organisms danger extinct future species biosphere jeopardy fail learn interactions exist biosphere interactions involve members single species interactions kinds organisms organisms physical environment study interactions called ecology look classroom types human beings tall short dark light blond difficult give complete description class general statements entire group number students teachers present count belong species homo sapiens saying things briefly human population room thought populations human beings word population comes latin word meaning populations animals plants organisms kind found area population parts earth surface inhabited large number populations town city human population population dogs cats dandelions difficult find kinds organisms exist area difficult find sizes populations
easy carrying capacity aquarium exceeded able classroom gal liter aquarium support limited number goldfish rule thumb states gal liters water unfiltered aquarium support cm fish means gal aquarium cm fish cm fish carrying capacity fish depends food amount oxygen carbon dioxide water buildup wastes factor affects carrying capacity aquarium gal aquarium limited carrying capacity fish true large lake fishermen fish game department stock lakes fish lake carrying capacity thousand cm fish think happen ten thousand cm fish introduced lake easy form habit thinking populations terms numbers organisms fish lake persons classroom populations measured ways population measured terms total weight organisms
interacting cells tissues animal plant form organization parts organisms physical environment organized ecosystems ecosystem parts nonliving part called physical environment living part called biotic community physical environment includes climate kind soil topography mountains plains amount light biotic community hand animals plants occupy ecosystem boundaries ecosystem reached characteristic physical environment biotic community change ecosystem begins biosphere gigantic complicated ecosystem recognize smaller complicated ecosystems notice acorn hole side figure inside acorn ecosystem insect hole organisms live inside acorn bacteria possibly fungi single celled organisms saw grass water mixture possibly worm insect physical environment inside acorn differs dark windy moist acidic tannic acid acorns acorn inhabitants tiny ecosystem biosphere filled sizes ecosystems includes complicated relationships ocean big ecosystem lake smaller north american grassland canada mexico extensive ecosystem
believed oceans vast pollution problem human oceans increased greatly oil transported country ships oil leaking spilled tankers caused pollution concerned amount pollution effects marine population dependent marine food dependency likely increase demand food increases biosphere oxygen produced plants oceans coastline santa barbara california considered natural beauty oil began seeping cracks ocean floor offshore oil giant oil slick spread hundreds square kilometers covering santa barbara coastline birds fish destroyed beautiful beaches covered gooey mess crude oil course oil pollution limited coast california occurred oceans seas oil water pollution dumped trash raw sewage industrial wastes directly oceans lakes rivers streams fresh water considered fit humans unfit form cities water treated purification plants cities faced kind pollution pollution air
understand humans greater impact biosphere organism result large population variety things decide activities beneficial harmful cases decision depends point view dam river reservoir production electric power harmful fish inconvenient fishermen beneficial area need electricity lights power forests cut lumber harmful squirrels birds possums undesirable hike forests addition soil erosion result enjoy wooden houses baseball bats books paper wood pulp actions biosphere beneficial moment harmful period pesticides kill insects immediately person bitten mosquitoes crop eaten grasshoppers poison pass concentrated doses organisms birds mammals effects harmful scientists think birds fail reproduce poison bodies reduces thickness shells enclosing eggs thin shells break parent birds sit eggs eggs simply dry
individuals biosphere solve problems stay alive individual plants animals obtain food food transported body distributed cells wastes eliminated body systems cooperate organism live matter solves problems getting biosphere individual dies means individuals species successfully reproduce species survive biologists concerned future california condor largest flying birds alive count california known living giant birds protected law shoot die disease age addition habitat danger destroyed number young hatched surviving greater number die answer question unknown answer california condor disappear forever biosphere true species biologists estimate species animals united states face extinction reverse extinction occur births greatly exceed deaths result eventually prove disastrous examples overpopulated species rabbits australia deer parts united states kinds insects farm areas rats cities areas
collect spiders partner find capture spiders effectively collect spiders night spiders nocturnal predators need handle flashlight addition flashlight need small jars lids file cards pieces paper collecting web weaver hand place open end jar underside spider hand carefully place jar lid spider quickly fasten lid note air jar spider alive need puncture lid collect running jumping spider placing open end jar spider climb jar allowing close lid spider climb jar try sliding file card spider pick jar invert quick downward movement jar shake spider bottom remove card cover jar lid collect spiders sweeping insect catching net dry grass brush think methods try experience able collect dozens spiders
beginning collector needs equipment plastic bags pencil paper knife cutting device rubber bands plastic lunch bags sold box market specimens collected plastic bags closed rubber bands large plastic bag hold plants plants tangled small bags collector large container knapsack put moist paper towels put plastic bags specimens fresh delay collecting preparation unopened bags refrigerator plant gathered note habitat locality date important information write small piece paper put plastic bag plant dig plant matter small clip representative leaf including stem flower collecting check authority learn plants collected plants protected law picked areas national parks collecting allowed plants display study dried pressed mounted paper buy plant presses press dry plants inexpensive press plywood corrugated cardboard newspaper small rope heavy weights
watching wild birds excellent observe animals adapted habitats area kinds birds attracted feeding station stay notes appearance behavior photograph feeding station include seed shelf suet hard beef kidney fat baskets logs hummingbird feeder figure feeding shelves overhanging roofs food dry rough wood avoid metal smooth surfaces bright colors place birdbath feeding station birds attracted dripping water water bubbling small fountain figure depth water bath cm avoid smooth slippery containers attract birds attract cats place feeders baths open spot meters place cats hide variety foods offered feeding station differences food choice feeding habits observed ideally foods include large small seeds nuts raisins fruits chick scratch attract birds chick scratch cooked cornmeal nuts suet raisins cooled form cake birds eat observe birds feet legs tails wings approaching food
planet mars scarcely need remind reader revolves sun mean distance miles light heat receives sun barely half received nebular hypothesis truth older earth ceased molten surface begun course fact scarcely seventh volume earth accelerated cooling temperature begin air water support animated existence vain blinded vanity writer end nineteenth century expressed idea intelligent developed earthly level generally understood mars older earth scarcely quarter superficial area sun necessarily follows distant beginning nearer end secular cooling someday overtake planet neighbour physical condition largely mystery equatorial region midday temperature barely approaches coldest winter air attenuated oceans shrunk cover surface slow seasons change huge snowcaps gather melt pole periodically temperate zones
remained standing edge pit thing staring strange appearance astonished chiefly unusual shape colour dimly perceiving evidence design arrival early morning wonderfully sun clearing pine trees warm remember hearing birds morning certainly breeze stirring sounds faint movements cylinder common suddenly noticed start grey covered meteorite falling circular edge end dropping flakes raining sand large piece suddenly fell sharp noise brought heart mouth minute scarcely realised meant heat excessive clambered pit close bulk thing clearly fancied cooling body account disturbed idea fact ash falling end cylinder perceived slowly circular top cylinder rotating body gradual movement discovered noticing black mark minutes ago side circumference
end cylinder screwed nearly feet shining screw projected blundered narrowly missed pitched top screw turned screw lid cylinder fell gravel ringing concussion stuck elbow person turned head thing moment circular cavity perfectly black sunset eyes think expected emerge possibly unlike terrestrial essentials looking presently saw stirring shadow greyish billowy movements luminous disks eyes resembling grey snake thickness walking stick coiled writhing middle wriggled air sudden chill loud shriek woman half turned keeping eyes fixed cylinder tentacles projecting began pushing edge pit saw astonishment giving place horror faces heard inarticulate exclamations sides general movement backwards saw struggling edge pit found saw side pit running
clock began thud gun measured intervals learned smouldering pine wood cylinder fallen shelled hope destroying object opened field gun reached body martians evening sat tea wife summerhouse talking vigorously battle lowering heard muffled detonation common immediately gust firing close heels violent rattling crash close shook ground starting lawn saw tops trees oriental college burst smoky red flame tower church slide ruin pinnacle mosque vanished roof line college looked hundred ton gun chimneys cracked shot hit flew piece clattering tiles heap broken red fragments flower bed study window wife stood amazed realised crest maybury hill range martians heat ray college cleared gripped wife arm ceremony ran road
storms emotion trick exhausting discovered cold wet pools water stair carpet mechanically dining room drank whiskey moved change clothes upstairs study window study looks trees railway common hurry departure window left open passage dark contrast picture window frame enclosed side room dark stopped short doorway thunderstorm passed towers oriental college pine trees lit vivid red glare common sand pits visible light large black shapes grotesque strange moved busily fro country direction fire broad hillside set minute tongues flame swaying writhing gusts dying storm throwing red reflection cloud haze smoke nearer conflagration drove window hid martian shapes clear form recognise black objects busied
skulking maybury hope getting danger hiding trenches cellars survivors village send consumed thirst found water mains railway arch smashed water bubbling spring road story bit bit grew calmer telling trying things seen eaten food midday told early narrative found mutton bread pantry brought room lit lamp fear attracting martians hands touch bread meat talked things darkly darkness trampled bushes broken rose trees window grew distinct number animals rushed lawn began face blackened haggard doubt mine finished eating softly upstairs study looked open window night valley valley ashes fires dwindled flames streamers smoke countless ruins shattered gutted houses blasted blackened trees night hidden stood gaunt terrible pitiless light dawn object luck escape white railway signal end greenhouse white fresh amid wreckage
cylinders fell hoped destroyed high explosives rapidly manufactured distributed doubt ran report situation strangest gravest description public exhorted avoid discourage panic doubt martians strange terrible extreme twenty millions authorities reason suppose size cylinders cylinder fifteen altogether disposed public fairly warned approach danger elaborate measures protection threatened southwestern suburbs reiterated assurances safety london ability authorities cope difficulty proclamation closed printed enormous type paper fresh wet add word comment curious brother ruthlessly usual contents paper hacked give place wellington street seen fluttering pink sheets reading strand suddenly noisy voices army pioneers scrambling buses secure copies certainly news excited intensely previous apathy shutters map shop strand brother sunday raiment lemon yellow gloves visible inside window hastily fastening maps surrey glass
took counsel halted scouts watching report remained absolutely stationary half hour martian overthrown crawled tediously hood small brown figure oddly suggestive distance speck blight apparently engaged repair support finished cowl seen trees minutes past night sentinels joined martians carrying thick black tube similar tube handed proceeded distribute equal distances curved line st george hill village send southwest dozen rockets sprang hills soon began move warned waiting batteries fighting machines similarly armed tubes crossed river black western sky sight hurried wearily painfully road runs northward moved cloud milky mist covered fields rose height sight cried faintly throat began running knew running martian turned crawled dewy nettles brambles broad ditch side road
understand roaring wave fear swept greatest city monday dawning stream flight rising swiftly torrent lashing foaming tumult round railway stations banked horrible struggle shipping thames hurrying channel northward eastward ten clock police organisation midday railway losing losing shape efficiency guttering softening running swift liquefaction social body railway lines north thames south eastern cannon street warned midnight sunday trains filled fighting savagely standing room carriages clock trampled crushed street couple hundred yards liverpool street station revolvers fired stabbed policemen direct traffic exhausted infuriated breaking heads called protect advanced engine drivers refused return london pressure flight drove thickening multitude stations northward running roads midday martian seen barnes cloud slowly sinking black vapour drove thames flats lambeth cutting escape bridges sluggish advance bank drove surrounded island survivors castle hill alive unable escape
heeded sight martian collapse captain bridge yelled crowding passengers steamer stern shouted yelled surging white tumult drove black flames streaming middle parts ventilators funnels spouting fire alive steering gear intact engines working headed straight martian hundred yards heat ray bear violent thud blinding flash decks funnels leaped upward martian staggered violence explosion moment flaming wreckage driving forward impetus pace struck crumpled thing cardboard brother shouted involuntarily boiling tumult steam hid yelled captain shouting steamer end end rang frantic cheering crowding multitude ships boats driving sea steam hung water minutes hiding martian coast altogether boat paddling steadily sea fight confusion cleared drifting bank black vapour intervened thunder child martian seen
road woods ham afire uninjured heat ray black smoke give news part taking advantage lull shift quarters impression houses occupied scared inhabitants frightened flight evidence hasty rout abundant road remember vividly smashed bicycles heap pounded road wheels subsequent carts crossed richmond bridge half past hurried exposed bridge course noticed floating stream number red masses feet scrutiny put horrible interpretation deserved surrey side black dust smoke dead bodies heap approach station glimpse martians barnes saw blackened distance group running side street river deserted hill richmond town burning briskly town richmond trace black smoke suddenly approached kew number running martian fighting machine loomed sight housetops hundred yards
recall illustration pamphlets give consecutive account war artist evidently hasty study fighting machines knowledge ended presented tilted stiff flexibility subtlety altogether misleading monotony effect pamphlet renderings considerable vogue mention simply warn reader impression created martians saw action dutch doll human mind pamphlet say handling machine impress machine crablike creature glittering integument controlling martian delicate tentacles actuated movements simply equivalent crab cerebral portion perceived resemblance grey brown shiny leathery integument sprawling bodies true nature workman dawned interest shifted creatures real martians transient impression nausea longer obscured observation concealed motionless urgency action saw unearthly creatures conceive huge round bodies heads feet diameter body front face
parted hill high street bridge red weed tumultuous nearly choked bridge roadway fronds whitened patches disease presently removed swiftly corner lane runs putney bridge station found lying black sweep black dust alive helplessly speechlessly drunk curses furious lunges head think stayed brutal expression face black dust roadway bridge grew thicker streets horribly quiet food sour hard eatable baker shop green streets clear powder passed white terrace houses fire noise burning absolute relief going streets quiet black powder streets dead bodies saw altogether dozen length road dead days hurried quickly past black powder covered softened outlines disturbed dogs black powder curiously sunday city closed shops houses locked blinds drawn desertion stillness
scattered nearly fifty altogether gulf overtaken death incomprehensible death death incomprehensible knew things alive terrible dead moment believed destruction repeated god angel death slain night stood staring pit heart lightened gloriously rising sun struck fire rays pit darkness mighty engines wonderful power complexity unearthly tortuous forms rose weird vague strange shadows light multitude dogs hear fought bodies lay darkly depth pit pit farther lip flat vast strange lay flying machine experimenting denser atmosphere decay death arrested death soon sound cawing overhead looked huge fighting machine fight tattered red shreds flesh dripped overturned seats summit primrose hill turned looked slope hill birds stood martians seen overnight death overtaken
regret concluding story able contribute discussion debatable questions unsettled respect certainly provoke criticism province speculative philosophy knowledge comparative physiology confined book carver suggestions reason rapid death martians probable regarded proven conclusion assumed body narrative rate bodies martians examined war bacteria known terrestrial species found bury dead reckless slaughter point entire ignorance process probable means proven conclusion composition black smoke known martians deadly effect generator heat rays remains puzzle terrible disasters south kensington laboratories analysts investigations spectrum analysis black powder points unmistakably presence unknown element brilliant group lines green combines argon form compound acts deadly effect constituent blood unproven speculations scarcely interest general reader story addressed
dog decided afternoon nap manger warm cozy soon asleep tired oxen dog woke started bark stood top hay barked barked oxen food mean creature eat hay let eat want badly begrudge fox stork friends visited fox invited stork dinner pleased stork clock sharp stork turned smelled cooking distance wait begin sit fox greeted set dinner fine chicken soup served wide shallow plate fox began lap soup rate poor stork wet end bill saw fox played trick behaved wrong play game thought fox licked plate clean stork politely tomorrow dine fox trouble friend costly clock promptly clock fox arrived found stork knew play tricks cooked fine fish chowder served tall jar narrow neck help stork welcomed guest home set sticking bill jar fox lick trick deserves
sally market pretty head carried pail milk going sell inside pretty head thinking busy thoughts money milk walked buy hen lay nestful eggs twenty sell let hatch lot cute twenty yellow chicks running yard feed size sell money buy fine dress ribbon wear fair lads crazy act proud look tossed pretty head show scorn boys fell pail milk spilling drop don count chickens hatched dear country mouse kissed cousin city mouse welcome snug hole travel visit country folk live badly began carry food house put table guest eat outdoors fresh air tree birds sing feasted took carry moldy crust cheese bacon rind dry peas beans stored ready dessert stalks fresh wheat brought home field laid proudly mushroom pretty looked country mouse ate heartily city mouse nibbled food things dessert dear bear live call starving don happiness let show loneliness live plenty enjoy pleasures heart desires
farmer gray goose gave big surprise nest found strange egg yellow gold heavy playing joke thought realized egg pure gold wife shouted happily soon house gray goose laid egg pure gold farmer joy found golden egg nest wonderful farmer grown greedy wait thought cut goose open golden eggs fortune minute killed bird found single egg inside gray goose dead greedy end mother cried frogs big frog seen terrible monster big mountain horns head tail hoofs ox mother pretty tall sure broader wait began huff puff blow ox bigger asked yes mother frogs piped big frog huffed puffed blew blew bigger panted bigger frog took deeper breath surely ox bigger pop frog burst
young shepherd boy pastured sheep deep dark forest pleasant job sit rock play pipe lie watch white clouds sailing sheep grazed quiet peaceful wanted excitement decided play trick wolf wolf shouted loudest voice air cry carried farmers working fields heard wolf sheep called seized pitchfork ax spade ran meadow kill wolf wolf seen sheep quietly grazing shepherd boy dancing glee fooled fooled shouted days later shepherd boy played trick farmers running wolf forest fall sheep wolf wolf shepherd boy shouted top lungs called wolf wolf sound rolled busy farmers fields help playing tricks farmers working wolf feasted killed sheep liar believed tells truth young lamb strayed flock hot summer glad find sparkling brook walked water bent woolly head began drink noticed wolf drinking stream
lion fox jackal wolf neighbors hunting fall animals hungry lion called let act friends neighbors let share catches divide fairly dine rest agreed hunt fashion morning fox luck kill deer proudly called rest running bad looking prey wait sit feast deer divided lion took charge neighbors tore deer quarters put paw quarters part mine plan says drew quarter part mine lion spoke reached grabbed part part mine stronger reach longer part lion stopped glare beasts turn dares move finger promise leave place alive fox jackal wolf sat licked chops lion fine meal law mighty makes
young crow sitting rock flock sheep suddenly saw eagle swoop sky bird picked lamb claws carried nest hard crow thought thing flew high looked flock choice choose ram ram sides fat fleece thick horns big wolf couldn lift load silly crow dug claws wool pulled couldn stir ram ground ram felt bird crow saw mistake tried fly claws tangled wool couldn flapped flapped wings free prisoner ho shepherd cried running crow think re eagle soon fix crow loudest didn help shepherd took ram clipped wings gave children pet undertake able heron stalking bank stream early morning fastened shallow water edge eaten waiting worth swim small fry breakfast fit king watched fine perch swam heron turned bill big catfish swam
poor talk village wife children house manioc fields hoe cloth rat skins sewed pot glue sap gathered forest bird traps forest catch birds rats hunger bite hard happy forest return village cook meat sooner enter village children meet dancing jumping throwing clods dirt shouting laughter wa ku ku wa reproach village means worthless poverty pot glue rat skins wear fore aft company shouting children grew women laughed mentioned campfires heart grew sad smoke evening fires village beating moon drums comfort walked woods setting bird traps glue remembered wise woman forest medicine knows makes strongest medicine forest told laughter broke evening fires passed children danced path heaviness sat heart
hunter named fierce hunting dogs took forest course dogs bark african dogs turned loose follow monkeys guineas tied gourd rattles stomachs fastening ropes dogs range forest front hear rattles forest storm blew called dogs started run rain dogs decided shelter anthill hard find empty crawled hole side hill feet high plenty room inside fact looked center hollowed ashes ground sat waited hoping dogs follow curl warm sun appeared stopping hard shower rain settled dismal downpour shelter anthill air raw cold dogs whistled bamboo call pipe answer call forest dwarfs eye eyes eyes eyes brothers lived anthill small looked strong glad pleased
woman husband sons lived mud hut edge forest clearing nice hut ceiled reeds peanuts corn manioc stored loft woman husband hunter twenty dogs sons twenty dogs forest game woman worked manioc fields carried water cut wood beat flour strange woman appeared forest hut saw home hunt knew woman forest eats chickens goats bring pay medicine eats child woman catch forest hunter hid wife big water jar inside house left sons twenty dogs forest watched edge clearing disappeared forest put leopard skin skirt picked knife walked door hut loud voice called hungry want food woman crouched lower water jar sound appeared pushed door open walked looked hunter wife found water jar ready cooking pot let sing death song woman begged escape forest
leopard antelope friends found tree rich palm wine told friend antelope asked wine selfish let touch wine agree let tree climbed tree watched ground high tree busy think antelope hid bushes tree friend decided antelope grown tired waiting home picked gourd wine started house passed bushes hiding antelope stuck foot tripped leopard gourd palm wine fell spilled ground picked empty gourd home bad mood soon sight bushes licked wine night told joke cousin goat goat thought try trick waited tree hid bushes full gourd watched carefully walked goat stuck leg trip leopard grabbed leg pulled goat bushes ate meat wine night
leopard invited monkeys feast monkeys trees sat ground eat leopard monkey sentry stayed hidden trees watch house food wanted bag catch monkeys sentry saw pick bag gave signal tribe house monkey left sight called called answer glad safely trees monkeys invited feast dug hole ground planted ten spears hole points stuck straight covered hole mat hid loose dirt arrived food middle mat monkeys sitting ground waiting spoke courteously asked sit eat stepped mat fell spears called monkeys help chattered danced safe distance monkeys real feast ago black handed monkey frog friends frog invited monkey eat frog killed goats chickens fixed feast monkey monkey arrived frog let eat wash hands white
ago bat strong friendship sun bat appeared daytime sunlight happened sun moon argument power talked talked admit stronger decided settle question trial strength meet shore largest lake africa throw ball mud farthest waters won championship strength set contest animals forest plain win moon threw large ball mud sailed water fell lake plain sight sun threw larger ball moon started drop water touched rose sailed lake disappeared sight animals declared sun won trial sun persuaded friend bat hide inside ball clay ball shore animals trick bat unfolded wings broken sailed bat mother died late died bat dug grave dark bat knew course body buried death asked friend sun give light finished burial
dirt cheap heard phrase want describe nearly worthless easy handful dirt dirt form fertile soil valuable substances earth food eat trees shade sun provide lumber house look picture sahara desert bleak dirt realized lives depended consider dirt precious reason don place dirt recently plentiful granted united states especially end supply fertile soil resource needed comfortable settlers nations thought run farmland clean water fresh air fuels wood oil spread continent cleared trees air water sewers wastes exhausted resources polluted environment place started land began erode air water scarce expensive early women aware wasting scarce resources wanted change society wasteful habits resources carefully forester named gifford pinchot coined word conservation describe resources changing habits difficult took word took dramatic events
atmosphere moderates earth temperature gases especially carbon dioxide glass walls roof greenhouse trap sun heat absorb night captured heat warms earth atmosphere gases sun heat bounce earth surface outer space earth moon night temperatures drop low degrees fahrenheit mixture gases atmosphere achieved balance millions ago balance maintained natural processes web gas processes replace releasing atoms hardened rock dissolved water replacement place continuously supply gases depleted atmosphere mixture change carbon dioxide gas makes percent atmosphere plants absorbed ocean holds fifty times amount atmosphere losses atmosphere balanced release carbon dioxide gas earth surface comes eroding rock released living organisms die decay plants especially trees burned carbon dioxide gas created sources renew atmosphere supply replenishing total amount needed green plants replenish supply oxygen short compared needed natural processes renew nitrogen supply nitrogen part rocks soil released special bacteria volcanic explosions bring earth core sources slowly replenish atmosphere
factories built grouped rivers water piped directly giant boilers factories formed industrial centers replaced scattered workshops earlier times created pollution vast scale concentrated areas coughed choked eyes stung burning coal gave sulfur dioxide joined water vapor atmosphere formed acid acid ate brick stone caused paint peel dissolved clothing ancient egyptian pillar brought london deteriorated previous sahara desert living organisms affected pollution caused england peppered moth change color moth silver white brown spots hides predators resting tree trunks camouflaged silver brown pattern blends bark soot sulfur gases turned bark dingy brown light moths conspicuous easily caught predators naturally darker escaped offspring inherited coloring multiplied number lighter moths declined today original light peppered moth survives pollution inventors tinkered steam engine attached frame wheels created car bulky slow sooty inventors refined developing engine burned gasoline coal car fast light eventually replaced horse drawn vehicles car created pollution prevented escaping dirty air unlike ancient romans queen eleanor move places air clean modern brought pollution traveled
jefferson inherited monticello tried protect web renews soil harvested crop sowed quick growing rye shield exposed soil planting plowed rye soil humus farmers plowed ruler straight rows straight hills rows channels rain tunnels wind jefferson plowed slopes created horizontal terraces slow wind rain designed special plow colonial leaders tried promote farming methods hoped monticello set plan disaster massive erosion prairie took place nearly later farmers heed advice process united states nearly desert east ruins scientific understanding soil conservation trouble began settlers tried find farmland land east coast land england hilly covered trees settlers clear forests found thin soils barely covered gravel rocks left melting glaciers earlier settlers began crossing appalachian mountains midwest soils deep rich soon area crowded newcomers farther west plains plains vast prairie trees waving grass miles end glaciers disturbed soil boulders dig haul land flat pioneer hymn sang heaven tableland
trip took alabama met booker washington freed slave founded tuskegee institute improve farming methods south huge cotton plantations humus ruining soil washington taught bennett importance restoring organic matter soil bennett observations showed process erosion watched water flow ground storm soil exposed water muddy plant shield water clear realized water remove deep soils thin sheet conducted experiments learn protect soil desperate farmers ready advice turned congress money apply bennett methods damaged land congressmen didn idea spending money soil conservation assumed displaced farmers settle farther west realize united states longer open frontier understand erosion control bennett showed tilted table poured water slanted top puddle floor spread towel top poured water drips explained plant shield towel soaking water blocking wind erode soil money needed restore plant shield plains finally soil conservation law proposed committee senators doubts invited bennett talk morning learned black blizzard coming kansas meeting spoke slowly senators room
thirteenth century king frederick germany asked members court fresh water comes learned advisor michael scot explained salt water ocean flowed land magic spring changed pure fresh water spring filled earth rivers lakes streams scot assured king supply spring inexhaustible farther truth relation earth volume amount water fresh salt limited ocean jacques cousteau earth size shape egg water tiny droplet end fresh water tinier droplet scot excused mistake hundred answer king frederick question correctly earth supply fresh water provided series processes invisible naked eye tried understand working giant jigsaw puzzle saw small section knew picture assemble pieces leonardo da artist inventor lived called hydrologic cycle today fully understood cycle named greek words water logos knowledge support system renews circulates earth water involves separate steps evaporation transpiration condensation precipitation processes change water liquid gas change liquid
farewell son father forget brave god knows meet farewell cry robin thought mother farewell tenth birthday called side solar sat weaving father left wars comfort ten longer child looked womenfolk leave john fletcher days sir peter de lindsay arranged danger plague spreading fitting obey wish queen lady waiting need care today escort jon cook gregory dame ellen serve john fletcher arrives farewell son brave drawn robin turned tears robin need ill unable move legs month ago cold wished ellen mend fire bells stopped ringing robin heard boys brothers school running shouting street hoped william john thomas roger tell news voices grew faint knew past wished tiresome lessons singing reading worth run street boys
wicked boy cried serve thee scarce able stand faithful free woman wait victuals brought thee ungrateful wretch burst loud weeping left room wiping porridge apron robin turned wall thought bring wants eat didn hour hour grew colder colder robin examined hundredth carvings hammer beams supporting roof hall angel feathered wings studied grotesque carvings dwarfs decorated roof bosses finishing doorway wearied thinking wished ellen robin bedchamber main hall living room house embrasure thick wall hall robin room chapel houses edward iii england churches afternoon sounds room passing street shops poultry lane carters carrying goods wharves thames queen heard children playing games blind hide seek wished knew secret nook hid seldom discovered honey lane angle jutting wall black friars entry small space appeared space secret
burst bloom hedge fields hawthorn pink white primroses buttercups carpeted fields yellow garden wallflowers blossomed bright color filled air perfume days robin cared child brother luke brought food washed changed clothes occupied things stay robin bells clamored loudly sound regular procession monks going devotions robin grew began sleep hard cot feel home cell sky small wind hole high stone wall early morning allowed ray sunshine wall stood prayer stool desk combined smaller wall hung cupboard held brother luke personal belongings robin couldn corridor couldn identify sounds heard liked sh shing sound feet stone monks passed fro passed procession chanting joined singing plain songs known silences heard mewing cat millicent squeaking mouse caught hundreds hospice separated thick walls passages outer court side monastery visiting pilgrims knights arms merchants minstrels gathered awaiting attention prior
brother luke took firm hold john shoulder touched mouth finger warn speak john awake middle snore wakened suddenly acquainted danger knowing snored sleep began snore nodding head show knew afoot gave snore sighed heavily moaned dreaming turned soundlessly feet luckily brought cloaks gear saddlebags cloak travel worn patched presently tied corner iron bound chest stood window motioned brother luke showing gestures hand bags robin crutches lastly robin follow ground inn cottage robin able hold weight arms try tight squeeze friar small window cloak ground grunted saddlebags landed stomach ready reach crutches john leaned hand robin john pulled cloak wrapped partly window falling held arms hold cloak robin able let slowly hand hand land safely waiting friar suddenly scuffling shouting began john scrambled window slid ground
known country roundabout gracious master noble knight john lady loved goodness poor fear son friar assured thou lt find kind friends thy home afternoon continued forest sign coming end dusk began fall howl wolf shivers robin spine woodman hut appeared nought forest trees brush hand finally dark path robin pointed feeble light trees small cottage place ah john sighed relief mistaken woodman cottage lodge tonight welcome hearth fire declared brother luke let hope welcome faith welcome serf passed helped yon woodman bind wound fallen ax carried cot woman tended woodcutter wife welcome shared gladly ale brewed pease porridge bread supper john played harp sang morning refreshed voyagers set leg journey weather fair rainy hot cold english weather friar true daylight arrived edge wood hills stood high north welsh mountains loomed blue distance
late october friar walked robin side hill leading river robin stopped path think helping legs swim asked anxiously straighten walk halfway bent think brother luke straighten think brother luke sighed lifted head firmly god knows thou lt straighten tell thee fine beautiful lies thee thou hast lively mind wit thine arms strong sturdy swimming hath helped thou hast fret son perfect crooked legs crooked spirit measure success let robin nodded slowly hopefully peter says arm bow keen eye mark put arrow beginner says woodworking asked friar john helping shape base saxon harp mark front block holds thin maple curve plain mine tracery bent maple oval shaped form whilst green meantime john showing shape smooth post upright maple seasoned beautifully marked deer adam killed drying gut strings
black hungrier wonder early morning sat floor holding mistress sarah baby lap crooning whispering scolding jiggling baby cried whipped breakfast puny muscles baby fed mother standing close table sunny dining room big house harriet waiting miss sarah engaged shouting calling quarrel husband didn noise anger meant girl ears rumblings empty belly eyes lumps sugar lying silver bowl slowly hand moved white tablecloth real sugar tasted didn happen miss sarah turned saw don dare black wretch mistress reached rawhide strap harriet ran door past houses kennels corn cribs show hiding place lord show hiding place exhausted leaned side pigpen looked lord thank hid friday till tuesday crept took whipping harriet born farm master edward dorchester county maryland hired mistress whipped daily employer working outdoors ill measles dumped half dead place growling worth meal molasses alive give mammy
lived thought lump iron left deep scarred dent rest sudden sleeping spells pressure brain cutting current spring hand plow thought witless let think pleased thinking freedom freedom free lord owner edward died master dr thompson allowed hire supported brought dollar week left chance father save money maybe buy free rate going lifetime twenty harriet met john tubman young freeman loved married find loved freedom john freedom didn matter look early childhood harriet lived fear greater agony whipping auction block tried sell soon recovered head injury saved acting dull witted sold death john tubman sharing cabin thought sold seldom crossed mind plantation upset death master family fear swept slave quarters sought brothers trader round comin tomorrow
north welcomed respect admiration comradeship abolitionism circle friends grew wider peterboro york passengers hid huge estate gerrit smith frederick douglass famous runaway found food beds rochester william seward senator president lincoln secretary provided house land ben moved auburn york late harriet wanted raise money trips told story conventions public meetings honored guest concord home philosopher ralph waldo emerson boston abolitionists thomas wentworth higginson unitarian minister worcester wrote mother greatest heroine age harriet tubman black woman fugitive slave reward offered maryland burned alive caught early stayed late catch december ten nineteen trips south brought hundred fugitive slaves counting hundreds took courage seen north anger fugitive slave law exploding point setting boston attend conference harriet stopped days troy york visit friends folks town kind edgy passed host doubt replied virginia slave catchers holding charles jail
north star paper edited slaves freedom free negroes full equality held place columns opinions arguments offer subjects douglass flogging navy capital punishment mexican war south hoped gain cotton lands paper favored reforms easier poor free government land justice editor asked government giving millions millions acres public lands aid railroad corporations rich multiply free homes negroes group held law public opinion women denied equal rights opportunities understanding close douglass played important part women rights convention advocate full equality women follower garrison douglass believed free states break union garrisonians refused vote elections thought constitution compelled federal government uphold slavery true actions congress courts president lincoln certainly look garrisonians fought slavery underground railroad public protest newspapers mass meetings independent editor douglass began agree friend gerrit smith protest political action congress power pass laws slavery voters power elect slavery congressmen douglass negro abolitionists attended convention free soil party free negroes favored
captain john brown sons fought kansas free territory west brown gave dream february lived weeks douglass house working plan lead guerrilla group action shields green south carolina runaway staying bravest august brown douglass message pennsylvania bring shields green money met secretly stone quarry guarded brown followers ready brown propose begin brown explained capture arsenal harpers ferry virginia load wagons guns ammunition move twenty miles blue ridge mountains set fortified camp free single slave douglass going perfect steel trap alive argued days change mind part brown douglass defend douglass shook head turned twenty shields green going home want green sitting boulder looked quietly ol end lecture philadelphia national hall douglass saw friends stage signaling anxiously scenes spoke low death voice leave john brown captured harpers ferry governor wise virginia asked arrest
differing sumner douglass campaigned grant re election grant opponent horace greeley backed group liberal republicans including sumner democratic party groups sympathetic northern businessmen wanted cool reconstruction issue invest money south profitably peacefully horrified change attitude part friends negro douglass outdid speaker platform tell gratitude talk deserting friend thundered friend betrays front today enemy snake skin greeley badly beaten grant swept office landslide douglass sumner high character remained friends grant slacked term sumner senate fighting freedmen death douglass mourned deeply bad country suffering financial depression era failed took douglass money banks closed hung fighting lives freedmen savings trust company started help freedmen build financial strength trustees asked douglass president believed reputation bank business reputation couldn collect dime shady big shot businessmen jay cooke personal friend president grant cooke owed bank half million dollars affairs bad shape douglass forced bank close depositors money
claudia knew pull fashioned kind running running heat anger knapsack didn discomfort picnics untidy inconvenient insects sun melting icing cupcakes decided leaving home running running large place comfortable place indoor place preferably beautiful place decided metropolitan museum art york city planned carefully saved allowance chose companion chose jamie youngest younger brothers counted quiet laugh rich unlike boys age begun collecting baseball cards saved penny claudia waited tell jamie decided couldn count quiet calculated needing save weekly allowances senseless run money living suburbs taught costs save train fare expenses tell jamie final plans meantime forgot running entirely claudia knew injustice oldest child girl subject lot injustice empty dishwasher set table night brothers
tuesday night jamie found list instructions pillow pinned pajamas instruction forget homework ready trip wholeheartedly admire claudia thoroughness concern delicate details developed mine note jamie included suggestion hiding trumpet took case roll extra blanket foot bed instructions list jamie took big glass water bathroom sat cross bed bit large corner list paper tasted bubble gum saved chewed days tasteless slightly harder ink waterproof turned teeth blue tried bite tore note crumpled pieces threw trash brushed teeth morning claudia jamie boarded school bus usual according plan sat continued sitting arrived school bus supposed notice jostling searching homework papers mittens paid attention personal possessions walk school claudia instructed jamie pull feet crouch head herbert driver couldn spotted plan school fake schedules books bags musical instruments cases
soon reached sidewalk jamie decision treasurer walk museum walk claudia asked realize forty blocks bus cost bus claudia exclaimed taking bus want taxi claudia jamie quietly mind think taxi allowance income extravagant longer money re spending money re remember re claudia answered taxi expensive bus cheaper twenty cents bus twenty cents forty cents total bus walk wear forty cents worth shoe leather claudia mumbled re sure walk positive jamie answered sure won change mind look jamie face gave answer sighed wonder jamie twenty dollars gambler wants thought ask bus fare suffer let regret simply collapse exhaustion collapse quietly walk madison avenue told brother ways spend precious money walk avenue gorgeous stores jamie walk exactly side side violin case bumping began walk steps ahead claudia pace slowed sure accumulation carbon dioxide system learned muscle fatigue science class sixth grade honors class jamie pace quickened
home days claudia insisted fresh change underwear brought insisted jamie question laundry problem night removed dirty clothes instrument cases stuffed fit pockets didn fit wore double layer clothes hurts winter clean worn closest skin saturday housekeeping chores school groups join claudia suggested eat meals museum jamie agreed claudia suggested real sit restaurant tablecloths tables waiters serve jamie force claudia didn try persuade breakfast automat laundry emptied pockets underwear removed layer soiled socks stared thing week bought soap machine ten cents deposited quarter slot washer glass door watched assorted clothing spill splash drying cost ten cents ten minutes took twenty cents worth minutes dry disappointed looked dismally gray claudia thought white underwear washed red navy blue socks considered asking money dirty socks
waited miles miles hiding met bedroom claudia sorting laundry jamie dark feel real difference boys stretch socks girls considered wearing children separate bedrooms don claudia turned heard jamie moved statue message message saw statue dim light guess night guard won trip jamie replied re lucky didn caught claudia thought hard luck concentrated minus luck held terribly planned taking baths tonight stand night bath don mind jamie sir james bath bring elegant pajamas embroidered gold silver tassels dear lady claudia dost thou expect bathe fountain sir james fountain jamie extended arm draped striped flannel pajamas lady claudia knew sooner later restaurant makes furious think explain restaurant going lunch soon minute determined museum later going restaurant built gigantic fountain water fountain sprayed dolphins sculptured bronze
dark awoke morning later usual museum wouldn open claudia getting dressed jamie opened eyes sunday sunday feels sunday claudia answered noticed think try church jamie thought minute answering let say prayer room middle ages part pretty stained glass window dressed walked chapel knelt lord prayer jamie reminded claudia say sorry stealing newspaper officially sunday mon claudia rising let statue walked angel looked closely difficult look clues research accustomed clues neatly laid diagram front exhibit say bad touch claudia complained re living re live mrs touch hug jamie teased bet knows sure michelangelo sure jamie threw arms leaned head closed eyes murmured morning mrs throw arms statue peer eyes say speak baby morning statue ans claudia furious moved night hugged moved kinds hugging
september fear difficult entrance examinations loomed largest failure mean home disgrace pass em austin assured seriously proud sister brilliance usual began tease mind try collide dragon austin amherst college busy studies friends promised drive tearful byes mother vinnie cheer emily morning left home white faced stiff sat buggy silent father road south hadley wound notch mountains emerging thick woods yellowed fields sloped gently village full sight story brick seminary building emily began cough excitement awake night felt suddenly exhausted father glanced looked quickly miss emily wondered father face pulled seminary drive trace felt helped emily buggy picked bags strode firm steps door smiling student answered knock caught glimpses inside moment later seminary parlor emily face face miss mary lyon emily relief excused taking entrance examinations unpack rest look natural girl leaving home homesick miss lyon told kindly tone believed give homesickness lack character keen blue eyes bore deep emily soul
try homesick told cousin night bed afraid lacking character lectures miss lyon sin death death part seminary term begun called students girl rise called say hope true christian teacher recorded answers wrote emily dickinson words hope mary lyon told sudden blinding revelation doors hills dedicated god emily waiting sort revelation honest pretend meetings emily disturbed weeks passed longer home letter friend tried pretend contented happy happy absent dear home friends laugh idea remember dear home youngest enter seminary emily passed difficult geometry examination completed history english grammar courses wrote number brilliant compositions friends entertained recess pungent comments comical stories ways strange girls found emily friends called going didn hear menagerie going stop front re excused classes watch monkeys dancing bears
beginning term emily counting days thanksgiving holiday usual rousing cousin ready austin call nearly noon hours waited impatiently window peering driving rain glimpse carriage austin rain fell torrents wild wind tossed branches leafless elms spires rooftops amherst sight emily town looked lovelier dickinsons door mother father vinnie stood welcoming group mother tears eyes glowing letter emily days big thanksgiving dinner callers fun cousin young evening playing games enjoying candy scrape monday seminary homesickness descended emily soon lost studies content home letter austin written december birthday don believe age emily trying find felt thought thing felt safest happiest father roof austin vinnie nearby christmas observed traditional puritan style making holiday considered pagan girls stay campus england college students december hush fell seminary students fasted days later miss lyon held important prayer meeting head mistress clear eyes path
george washington held presidential barbecue roasted pound ox party president united states washington ran ferry service potomac famous portrait washington painted gilbert stuart actually finished artist john adams son law pose unfinished limbs body united states vice president president john adams sworn vice president april days george washington sworn president april titles discussed john adams proposed george washington called highness president washington preferred president adopted george washington mother constant complainer petitioned virginia general assembly public assistance prevent starving son took care martha spelling poor george write letters spelled cat washington inaugural address shortest history words longest william henry harrison ran words george washington favorite menus cream peanut soup smithfield ham oyster sauce mashed sweet potatoes coconut string beans mushrooms southern spoon bread martha virginia whiskey cake age fifty george washington lost nearly teeth endless search comfortable false teeth french dentist set carved rhinoceros ivory john adams able read languages adams family nation family live white house arrival washington john adams found swamp forest surrounding president house inside rooms ready
thomas jefferson warded colds soaking feet cold water morning jefferson wrote reads buried thomas jefferson author declaration independence statute virginia religious freedom father university virginia mentioned president united states tradition inaugural parade started thomas jefferson walked swearing ceremony capitol boarding house jefferson president living descendants jefferson grandson james madison randolph baby born white house jefferson suffered migraine headaches jefferson persons nation inoculated smallpox president jefferson pet mockingbird study white house rode shoulder hopped jefferson taught bird food lips receptions president jefferson instituted handshake felt democratic bow waist thomas jefferson accomplished violinist french chef jefferson loved cook wrote favorite recipes cookbook wrote essay called observations soups jefferson introduced ice cream waffles macaroni united states white house wine bill thomas jefferson administration jefferson imported plants study experiment president grow tomato tomatoes thought poisonous confessed choice position gardener burning library congress war thomas jefferson personal library bought government start rebuilt library
john quincy adams president father president abroad father office sons louisa john quincy adams john george charles francis love girl engaged george married john brothers attend wedding bride named children rejected suitors frances john quincy adams notoriously shabby dresser contemporaries swore wore hat ten president john quincy adams rose early write diary warm mornings liked slip potomac river white house skinny dip reporter anne surprised sat clothes refused promised give interview john quincy adams president published poet president john quincy adams dedicated amateur botanist established botanical garden washington planted hundreds trees white house grew mulberry trees wife louisa spun silk silkworms lived adams president photograph exists born lived camera invented end picture president adams loved game billiards bought billiard table white house public objected frivolous purchase pay pocket jackson generation american president
franklin roosevelt father took white house visit president grover cleveland cleveland wish president franklin roosevelt popular president white house staff measured mail yard miami month inauguration roosevelt missed assassinated inches attempt mayor chicago sitting fatally wounded arrival white house roosevelt john adams prayer carved ivory mantel fireplace white house dining room read honest wise rule roof entire presidency twelve thirty days franklin delano roosevelt walk step aid braces crutches paralyzed waist result polio legs paralyzed roosevelt traveled chief executive home wrestled sons swam rigorous exercises home crawling hands room room homemade wheel chair kitchen chair arms radio shows eddie cantor lone ranger asked children send dimes president roosevelt chairman march dimes annual drive sponsored national foundation infantile paralysis hundred thousand dimes poured white house mail room baked cakes embedded wax taped woman hair asked sold dimes campaign
harry truman full middle period truman administration white house began collapse family daughter margaret sitting room sinking chandelier east room trembled overhead president received guests floor study swayed ordered family live blair house guests remained harry truman twentieth century president attended college harry truman sworn president united states nervous read oath office slip paper truman father known peanuts truman age fourteen harry truman read book independence missouri public library boy truman practice piano hours school started boyhood missouri harry truman family saved dimes threw tray trunk accumulated father send books family acquired set shakespeare white house renovation completed president truman conducted white house tour harry truman met future wife bess girl independence whistle teeth margaret truman refused engaged lived white house couldn sure liked position harry truman hobbies architecture county judge missouri charge building courthouses
richard nixon entered politics answering advertisement local california newspaper run republicans district needed candidate run congress nixon job won congressional seat lady pat nixon worked hollywood extra president eighteen olds vote richard nixon twenty sixth amendment changing voting age ratified june eisenhower administration richard nixon vice president benefit increase vice president salary took office president presidential salary risen summer vacations high school richard nixon worked slippery gulch rodeo arizona barker wheel chance nixon carriage accident age left susceptible motion sickness nixon shave times clean shaven political beard grew fast richard nixon named king richard lion hearted president nixon daughter tricia person outdoor wedding white house married rose garden june richard nixon favorite dishes meat loaf nixon president visit china office president visit fifty states singer pearl bailey admired gold chair white house east room president nixon gave august richard nixon resigned presidency impeachment proceedings begun result increasing evidence president involved covering burglary campaign staff campaign
louis sat front stoop house fine spring morning things happening fluffy clouds sailing bright blue sky bird building nest nearby tree cow grazing field rabbit hopped bug inched leaf things happening louis didn louis braille blind eyes louis able able trees fields river sky able streets buildings town france lived able father mother brother sisters small stone cottage lived changed louis father harness maker france liked say miles simon braille harnesses saddles horses louis liked listen talk joke laugh liked left father put big leather apron louis young help loved watch father knew wanted grew harness maker father side simon braille workbench fat rolls leather
today blind children school learn read write things children grow jobs louis boy early blind chldren school learn read write grew things blind worked horses oxen pulling heavy loads shoveled coal factories beggars blind louis stood city street corners wandered roads land dressed rags slept dark alleys hard stone steps church managed beg money meal ate garbage stray dogs hungry hoped tomorrow town big place blind wandered town knew care happen son going sure wanted louis happy happy wasn easy poor louis turned bumped family wanted cry watch careful stop didn hated louis hurt
louis listened heard things didn want hear overhear say goes poor louis braille pity louis hated talk didn feel poor louis grew older harder harder bear things couldn couldn play tag hide seek couldn run road friend house creep boys woods secret hide town liked louis wasn friend belonging gang louis laughed talked lot sat sad silent thinking parents asked louis answered louis priest village church father jacques father going change louis ways father wanted church fast visiting house house soon shame priest thought watched louis bright face fine mind untrained father idea louis church lessons say mornings week louis excited forgot say yes morning louis tapped road big church top hill
louis loved teacher usual working hard taught classes spent lot friends busy help boy listen troubles practiced music hours louis institute played piano organ organist saint nicholas des champs biggest churches paris beginning say louis famous forget music louis loved music stirred big feelings inside important part important alphabet dots louis working patterns dots stand musical notes numbers spent deal making raised dot books school library friends helped reading words aloud slow hard hour hour night night louis sat punching dots worked ached fingers grew stiff sore louis working hard forever tiredness days drag bed tried fool need night sleep told
worst blow louis faced disappointments past sure alphabet welcomed place institute director closest friends dr pignier left institute took place director dr dr pignier dr stern cold chances course louis alphabet silly punching dots called let boys louis alphabet louis fell ill lay coughing bed winter paris cold damp doctor examined louis words sharp stay braille dead weeks thing louis friends packed bags going home vacation fight soon louis cheerfully friends hold tears sure saying forever louis surprised took months passed louis felt strong return paris wait friends students start
damp cold december louis caught cold cold weak fever climbed higher higher cough grew worse worse louis friends tried tell getting louis shook head knew close death times don pretend softly louis afraid death priest pray prepare louis priest visit tasted greatest joys louis braille loved asked god true felt wasn asking hard louis january rained wind howled building hour hour storm grew worse thunder lightening filled air sounded giants battling louis turned face window smiled liked fight closed eyes louis braille dead friends missed sad known newspaper paris printed news death today known simple school teacher money today blind bless giving greatest gifts alphabet called braille
morning knew launching satellite sputnik radios picking strange beep beep beep signal coming object sped hundreds miles completely circling earth hour half heard signal radio television set maybe able tune short wave receiving set days seen object bright planet drifting rapidly skies months continued circle millions watched month later november russians launched satellite carrying living occupant famous dog laika february american satellite explorer launched united states army jupiter rocket american satellite travelled higher farther destined remain space longer russian age space begun looked sky wonder interest realize things explored heard possibility exploring space considered idea belong science fiction stories explorer launched began feel real talk space travel
rocket carry fuel oxygen burn fuel heavy start flight weight rocket carry extra weight extra weight makes payload instruments passengers rocket designed transport rocket experts developed step rocket step rocket rockets mounted top rocket fuel detached flight motor rocket begins burn rocket travelling fast adds speed speed stage part rocket faster reason carry heavy weight enormous empty tanks section detached stage begins fire fuel stage detached stage motor begins burn dead weight reduced stage able faster stage carry payload fourth stage rocket stages speeded payload going fast travel earth satellite principle building rocket sections stages launch artificial satellites united states russians
satellite travelling earth opportunity objects night earth shadow dark daytime satellite sunlight bright sky bright brightest stars satellite dusk dawn earth sky nearly dark satellite hundreds miles earth sunlight sunlight reflected bright surface makes visible dark sky satellite circling earth scientists special telescope cameras pictures position learn deal earth gravity shape size earth learn satellite radio operating instruments satellite carries measure conditions space send reports radio learn temperature inside satellite amount cosmic dust strikes special instruments measure amount ultra violet energy coming sun count cosmic rays measure strength earth magnetic field satellite carries living sputnik ii instruments report heartbeat breathing blood pressure body temperature radio signals coming strong beep beep beeps coming explorer sounded loud throbbing steady tone
planetarium place learn stars planetarium special equipment teach sky heart planetarium giant instrument mounted center bowl shaped room complex piece machinery designed show skies look earth night sun moon stars planets moved sky show look behave real sky cleverly devices show things eclipse sun moon northern lights shower shooting stars imaginary trip moon distant planet ten large united states hours programs varied planning visit write call schedule hundred small schools colleges small museums country programs extensive equipment simpler staffs smaller seen moon daytime wondered happens moon sky moon affect moon earth nearest neighbor space large object quarter million miles earth measures miles center fourth earth diameter
notices moon shape appearance change goes earth goes slowly taking weeks complete cycle begins known phases moon place moon goes earth amounts sunlight reflected bright side moon half facing sun weeks moon comes directly earth sun bright side moon turned earth known moon phase days moon moon moved bit sunlit side appears crescent moon sky horns tips pointing sun week moon moon moved quarter earth half bright surface known quarter moon weeks moon moved halfway earth point opposite sun beauitful full moon lighted face moon faces night side earth fully round lighted moon nights full moon phase sunlit surface begins turn earth waning means growing smaller
end moon sun set rapidly surface moon grow dark instant light remaining sun shining earth surface moon moon observe moon moon arms sky remain dark stars shine brilliantly steadily twinkling seen earth setting sun rocks craters moon begin cool rapidly losing heat space air serve blanket hours temperature moon surface drop freezing degrees fahrenheit find warm night remain weeks longest coldest bleakest night experienced finally sun rise weeks traveled moon experiences enjoyed thing find walking jumping running awkward space suit easier earth easier fact learn
delhi india holiday lasts ten days tenth exciting sunset prince rama battle giants brave truthful kind loyal rama perfect prince giants demons thirty feet tall stolen rama bride fight win drums horns bang wail giants lurch combat rama shoots flaming arrow ramans exploding crackling sizzling shooting sparks burns story rama re enacted india thousand giants paper wood stuffed firecrackers lie burning popping crowds celebrating home indians love songs hear children singing walking home jasmine scented indian night night delhi celebrating rama victory calcutta celebrating entirely event battle goddess monster buffalo head india say things indians village corner find customs speak language worship gods million indians fifteen languages dialects speak hindustani tamil find language common english languages hindustani bengali sound foreign words talked sitting veranda word porch played game indian word means twenty hindustani
country strangely assorted fellow citizens spreads million square miles northward india borders china stand highest mountains himalaya means abode snows india ancient sanskrit word meaning river wide ganges brahmaputra rivers carried earth mountains vast fertile plain northern india plain densely populated area hundred live square mile united states fifty square mile south river plain india mountainous capped high plateau called deccan wheat cotton grow east west deccan mountains fall tropical seacoasts coconut palms yield crop pearl divers warm waters spice coasts pepper cinnamon ginger lured west centuries town house calcutta madras luxury shady verandas bamboo blinds bombay live modern apartments india home village farming according india inheritance laws land divided sons thousands dividing imagine small farms acre grow food family find puts fence path strip land narrow plow parts india houses built homemade brick clay carried riverbank baskets takes build house build wall foot high leave clay dry sun foot high drying finished whitewash
village children dawn step courtyards brush teeth twig neem tree parts india mango leaf finger dipped charcoal bathe pouring water big jug skips morning bath part ritual main indian religions breakfast meal village child sits floor front big brass dish helps fingers forget wash hands course rice main food large part india served big banana leaf plate real feast india varies according calcutta served fresh water fish curried mustard delhi specialty chicken baked fruit juice spices maybe choose saffron scented rice tender lamb ribs flavored orange happy grins children eating special holiday sweet rice pressed sugar cream oil non holiday bought handful potato sticks nibble spent cent bag sweetened puffed rice re thirsty cup yogurt beaten water maybe drink coconut milk shell enjoy sweet sticky juice sugar cane mangoes guavas melons indians love fruit bananas eat fried boiled stewed chips plain families closely india children taught strict obedience parents thought talking playing noisily lower voices politely turn speak mother age greatly respected word tata grandfather law
middle ages moguls central asia invaded india conquered rulers emperor akbar greatest known kindness courage ride wild horses tame wild elephants loved learning court center art science moguls muslims followers prophet mohammed hundreds bitter wars muslims hindus conflict based religion india problems akbar grandson shah jehan means lord loved beautiful things ordered throne shape golden peacocks blazing diamonds rubies emeralds queen died shah jehan wanted give beautiful monument think white marble pictured succeeded gold ivory peacocks spices thousands reached west camel caravans asia fifteenth century european powers looking sea route source treasures columbus discovered america looking india thought found called american natives indians vasco da sailed east africa actually found india hundred country portugal locked fierce sea war england holland france control spice trade british finally won india part british empire europeans brought advantages india ended cruel local customs killing unwanted babies making widows burn death husband funeral fires indians wanted rule fought bravely freedom bravest queen finally killed leading soldiers battle son saddle
government republic working hard solve india problems country parched dry farmers crops depend arrival heavy monsoon rains spring past rains late thousands starve death government building dams indian rivers flood waters saved water crops drought trying free bonds caste system course republic biggest projects today untouchable children beginning education opportunities missed problem american problem integration teaching accept ideas takes india steps democratic country palace winds stop listen breeze blows stone hear haunting music india rich lived palaces rest nation suffered money palaces goes schools benefit india courses indian schools school taught raising cotton children courses built cotton arithmetic problems involving weight price cotton science teaches secrets plants grow geography takes countries grow cotton starting familiar fields white blooms gradually learn rest country live evening children home grownups learn read write teacher
indian village find tree painted bright vermilion red dedicated local god villagers believe protect cholera smallpox epidemic hundreds tree offerings rice fruit garlands marigolds hang branches america doctor india doctor million born don live grow republic important jobs improving citizens health help united nations children fund young indians getting checkups vaccinations shots vitamins longer stronger lives republic january twenty sixth week advance getting ready republic special excitement holidays belong region religion indians celebrate delhi republic splendor glorify princes shahs arrayed glory indian domes towers palaces trees fountains strung colored lights brass bands floats flowers troops dancers india sixteen states ten territories crowds western dress saris tunics hundred tribesmen bone bead necklaces stand watching guests government flown capital farthest parts republic celebrate fellow citizens mission parades teak bamboo jungles story greatness country children hard tell find jet planes painted elephants awe inspiring
ten thousand islands count islands anyway rock reef peeps sea island count islands high tide low tide agreement things guess number islands west indies uninhabited find island want live tropical paradise hermit find food water robinson crusoe sort tobago say island robinson crusoe friday lived truth tale juan fernandez islands coast chili pacific alexander stayed claim place daniel defoe wrote greater groups islands pacific ocean hundreds thousands islands south seas east coast asia claimed japan philippines indonesia thousands islands islands west indies distinction archipelagoes lie doorstep belong western islands european islands fell love columbus wrote narrative voyage description fertile temperate level goodly land seen deal
wars spain england galleons tempting prizes queen elizabeth england commissioned ships prey ships english warships private vessels called privateers sir francis drake famous captains quarter century raided spanish cities ships sending loot england sailed returned treasure worth pirates act splendid hiding places bahamas parts caribbean took islands island northern coast haiti famous pirates henry morgan established port royal island jamaica reputation wicked city morgan seized england tried acquitted jamaica lieutenant governor lived rest rich pious gentleman famous pirate edward teach known blackbeard coal black beard wore braids swaggered brace pistols belt pirates called buccaneers french word refers frames indians dry roast meat buccaneers lived rum roast pig spaniards discovered yellow gold islands perfect places white gold sugar cane sugar molasses demand europe spaniards started big plantations planters employed indians workmen slaves brought africa
family greek father father greek nassau sponge fisherman part century greeks familiar sponge fishing greece diving suits bahamas suits western coast island bahamas shoal called mud miles miles wide water shallow sponges seen bottom water glasses hooked prongs early century bahamas exported million half pounds annually greatest source sponges important item economy disease completely destroyed fine velvet sponges quarters wool sponges sponge beds recovered blight meantime cellulose sponges natural sponges bottom sea compete gave sponge fishing father nicholas real estate dealer student queen college nassau met mother brother george twelve born nassau school earlier age states nursery school stayed queen college parents studied studied ago transferred st andrew
moved house live upper apartment ago moved downstairs sit front porch upstairs porch house brick covered plaster rooms grandmother lives love house western part city corner dining room lovely shrine lady charity patron saint cuba front shrine boat white black lady appeared danger drowning midst storm mother trouble finding house moved vowed lady help find put shrine home days found recently bought solid gold halo lady head beautiful family catholic don church eat meat fridays special church days don belong special parish father rafael hernandez trolley car conductor bus conductor job weeks month works steamship company checking freight mother hernandez father cousin born havana father works secretary cuban tourist commission complaint department tourist thinks hotel charged ill treated department complain
summer government decided children part farms father important community doctor help laboratory september law passed requiring boys girls school sister register weeks father decided stand castro longer compelled things want meetings listen lot talk wonderful soviet union terrible united states taught school father mind leave country school weeks studying spanish grammar english math history geography art physical training physical training setting exercises volley ball teach russian school continue teach english important country matter fact russians czechs cubans speak english language common studies liked spanish grammar english math want doctor father father car traveled parts cuba united states country castro power parents united states
west indies federation formed trinidad capital jamaica reluctantly member federation consisted british island groups lesser jamaica jamaica islands constitution drawn island felt measured wealth size importance later jamaica withdrew february constitution signed london jamaica dominion british commonwealth governor general chamber legislature descended slaves west coast africa anglo saxons portuguese east indians chinese place names island delightful wait bit cum gimme bit rat bat hill jackass town dump dances interesting limbo kind high jump reverse dancers pass cross bar lowered move forward leaning backward john canoe dances unusual knows origin dancers masked french gens unknown john canoe friends dance streets rattling gourds striking asses jaw bones beating drums blowing shrill fifes characters dance strange names horse head cow head jack green actor boy nursery stories cunning spider africa playing sly tricks companions fowl monkey tiger makes trouble puss dog puss rat peel head fowl jamaica hen feathers neck head
seen plant walk course plants don walk stay place mean plants don move move flowers open close close rain open rain stops flowers close night open morning open close times tell watching flowers garden early morning stay awake morning glories opening wait pumpkin flowers close dandelions open afternoon clocks open don wait close noon leaves plants move move light put house plant window look plant leaves facing window turn plant leaves face leaves facing window leaves moved light leaves lot moving leaves sensitive plant close touches leaves clover plant fold night telegraph plant keeps moving leaves grow sets leaves move sending signals night leaves droop plants don move
food grow hunt buy store animals food find growing catch kill plants food green plants lucky food leaves leaves food factories leaf factory needs things food needs gas called carbon dioxide plenty gas air leaf takes carbon dioxide air leaf factory needs water rain falls soaks earth plant roots bring rain water earth water travels plant leaves leaf factory ready food needs thing needs factory car needs gasoline toaster needs electricity leaf factory needs sunlight sunlight hits green leaf factory starts sun goes factory stops real factory smoke working leaf factory gas called oxygen smoke dirties air oxygen fact animals need oxygen live don oxygen breathe die food leaf factory makes sugar plant sugar energy energy live grow plant makes food
heard stories giant eating plants catch jungle eat alive plants plants eat meat small eat eat mice small birds eat bigger insect meat eaters eat meat green plants food plants need things food stay healthy need minerals nitrogen soil mixed water roots meat eating plants live poor soil minerals nitrogen meat things plants extra things need eating meat meat eaters grow wet places united states eyes open sundews venus pitcher plants sundew hairs leaves end hair tiny drop liquid sweet sticky sun shines plant liquid shines dew insects attracted shining drops sweet smell insect lands leaf stuck sticky liquid nearby hairs bend hold insect escape nasty trick plant puts digestive juice juice kills insect makes soft sundew needs insect
yucca plant yucca moth live plant pollinated moth moth start inside yucca flower summer yucca plant blooms desert white flowers open night white female yucca moth flies flower gathers pollen shapes pollen big ball ball bigger head carries chin yucca flower moth makes hole flower pistil lays eggs deep inside moth puts ball pollen top pistil yucca flower seeds begin grow eggs pistil turns seed pod moth eggs hatch days caterpillars begin eat seeds eat seeds left plants grow caterpillars grow big strong soon ready leave yucca plant hole wall seed pod spin thread spider thread lower ground caterpillars bury stay ground winter bodies change caterpillars turn moths leave ground early summer soon yucca plants bloom female moths lay eggs yucca flowers story starts
bucket orchid plays dirty trick bees return bees pollinate orchid happens bucket orchid opens morning short delicious smell kind male bee loves smell bees swarm orchid land sure bees soon begin act drunk bump bee loses balance slips falls inside flower bottom flower liquid orchid splash bee lands wants fast suddenly sees escape hole squeezes goes hole covered pollen flies bee learned lesson fall trap bucket orchid leave pollen orchid pick pollen bee nectar pollen food dunking eat apple save seeds plant today grow plant grow grow ten hundred thousand seeds grow grow longer die
trees walk trees walk trees roots place call mangroves trees walk mangrove trees grow florida edge sea live shallow salt water mangrove odd looking prop roots start water grow sideways air curve water mud roots look giant spider legs smooth slippery tried walk fall mangrove blooms seed branches seed grows root tree root foot seed drops tree water fallen seed float root sink mud parent tree tree starts grow grows quickly hour grows inch grows stem branches grows prop roots stem seeds drop parent tree mangrove trees begin grow roots curving water roots trees tangle sand bits dirt trapped roots soil builds trees finally mangroves longer water land swampy island mangroves growing edge island roots walking sea
think snake slimy snake body cool dry afraid bite venomous snakes venom quiet prey don looking bite harmless snakes harmful harmless snakes garter snake milk snake snake garter snake brown greenish brown blackish yellowish stripes sides stripes sides rows black spots alternating checkerboard style garter snake likes live pond swamp wet woods home parks city backyards ground moist snake feeds frogs toads earthworms small sharp teeth roof mouth point backward seizing prey chewing swallows dinner spread jaws wide swallow animal bigger milk snake pale gray patches brown dark red smaller patches sides scales smooth satin milk snake seen cow barns rats mice nest farmers called milk snake thought stole milk cows snake called puff adder flat headed adder sand viper stubby spotted snake turned snout likes sun plowed field sandy spot
salamander tail lizard lizard salamander smooth moist slippery skin lives damp place lizard skin dry scaly home dry warm place salamanders live ponds brooks wet woods live caves dig burrows ground chipmunks salamanders sleep daytime hunt food night tiny red backed salamander woodland animal hunts night daytime sleeps tip stone woods move piece bark find red backed salamander curled asleep small slim animal slimmer pencil red stripe runs head tail stripe black border side underneath chin tip tail covered pepper salt red backed salamanders gray stripe red salt pepper markings salamander red spotted newt newt lives land young goes water ago named newt red eft lived land thought eft red spotted newt animals animals stages names stuck newt mind wants live likes damp mossy forest red lives likes pond nearby spends part land part water
early spring toad awakens spent winter hole dug ground night starts hopping small pond weedy pool toads gather spring find mates toad goes water stops pumps air throat round balloon sings sweet toned trill calling mate moves spot toads trilling toads pond swim singing toads toad found mate lays strings black white eggs water sink bottom pond days eggs hatch tadpoles eggs toads hatching pond swarming tadpoles tadpole word means toad head word means head wiggles tadpole looks head tail legs tail shrinks tadpole tiny toad bigger thumbnail tadpoles eaten turtles fish water animals left turn toads baby toads stay close pond week damp drizzly young toads start homes knows tell finds place
mrs frisby head family field mice lived underground house vegetable garden farmer named winter house field mice move food scarce living hard woods pastures soft earth bean potato black eyed pea asparagus patch plenty food left mice human crop gathered mrs frisby family especially lucky house slightly damaged cinder block hollow kind oval holes abandoned garden summer lay completely buried bit corner showing ground mrs frisby discovered lay side solid parts block formed roof floor waterproof hollows spacious rooms lined bits leaves grass cloth cotton fluff feathers soft things mrs frisby children collected house stayed dry warm comfortable winter tunnel surface earth garden dug slightly larger mouse slightly smaller cat provided access air fair amount light living room bedroom formed oval warm dark midday short tunnel earth block connected rooms widow husband died preceding summer mrs frisby able luck hard family children happy fed
ages white mouse lived farm house part brick wall wall lined basement large farmhouse farmhouse burned ago remember looked lived basement remained square hole ground crumbling walls protected wind snow numerous small creatures lived summer snakes dangerous mrs frisby need worry winter hard journey risky extremely cautious fact mrs frisby ordinarily set late fear dark catch timothy obviously wait minutes announced able follow nose shortest route ages lived journey easy led close farmhouse barn cat stalked grounds relentlessly plot roundabout circling wide farmyard sticking fringe woods loped briskly moving easy horse canter mice trying cover ground progress completely noiseless chose path earth bare grass grew avoided dead leaves rustle crackle small weight
mrs frisby looked sun saw faced unpleasant choice home roundabout case surely end walking woods dark frightening prospect night forest alive danger owl hunt foxes weasels strange wild cats stalked tree trunks choice dangerous luck home dark straighter route farmyard barn chicken house going close house cutting distance home half cat daylight staying open shrubs spot saw cat called dragon farmer wife joke small kitten pretending fierce grew turned apt enormous huge broad head large mouth full curving fangs needle sharp claws foot thick furry tail lashed angrily side side color orange white glaring yellow eyes leaped kill gave high strangled scream froze victims stood mrs frisby preferred think woods ages house reached farmyard fence thought timothy thought eyes shone merriment small jokes frequently invariably kind small scatterbrained sister cynthia children laughed mistakes grew impatient forever losing things timothy
mrs frisby began nervously trying arrange thoughts youngest son timothy sick sick leave bed moving days wait owl moving moving garden patch re living edge pasture stream garden occurred mrs frisby bird flying freely miles countryside look gardens belongs large stone yes house stone makes sure moving days mrs frisby told tractor days plowing course added turn cold freeze snow owl sounding sure wild onions pastures asked kind house exactly relation big stone apparently knew spot talked mrs frisby convinced produce solution problem foolish think foolish thought solution fell silent owl asked questions finally lying house inevitably turned plow broken bits process feasible prevent advice stay house surely crushed killed
mrs frisby home teresa martin cynthia eating supper told dark returned coming silently tunnel hear talking room paused moment conversation obviously cynthia worrying teresa reassuring couldn sooner don remember crow mile tree farther yes crows fly fast miles high martin miles altogether teresa wonder owl owls light couldn dark cynthia wish scared loud teresa timothy hear home called mrs frisby hurrying rest appeared worried ran martin ordinarily avoided displays threw arms mother cried cynthia tears worried poor cynthia high fly asked martin recovering quickly high trees looked bushes garden postcard river snake owl say saw later tell want timothy didn move bed teresa wanted stay bedroom
stop rat walked mrs frisby keeping voice calm effort found branch thorns smoothed pushed found rat rudely walk allowed moved inches placing entrance noticed powerful muscles looked glossy coat match dragon repeated reason don care re small wouldn want hurt justin mrs frisby inched rat inched forward brutus justin reasonably obvious mrs frisby thought rat named brutus added justin mrs frisby exactly don brutus sounded puzzled mrs frisby observed greatly oversized muscular eyes bright looked young told friend justin meeting taking place re meeting bad luck thought mrs frisby substitute wait brutus stay orders moved forward mouse desperately mrs jonathan frisby want nicodemus don care nicodemus sure brutus looked puzzled annoyed
paddle traveled steadily westward north shore lake superior lake currents pushed forward mile hour times breezes pulled backward course took hours travel mile wilderness shore paddle company gulls nested rocky islands flew clouds smoke rocks indians paddled canoes bays fishermen lived shore shacks spread nets dry towns toy blocks broke line dark pines mainland rivers running hidden lakes forest cut cliffs waterfalls giant stairs silver night loons called mournfully water wolves howled land months leaving marsh paddle reached western narrow end lake superior bridges crossed shore shore duluth minnesota city hill later drifted wide river superior wisconsin flat plain ports ships loading barrels butter crates eggs boxes vegetables piled high lumber distant cities ships docks unloading coal indiana ohio iron ore paddle bumped piling dock high train dumping ore pipes ship hold train brought ore stained red largest iron mine region famous paddle floated beneath docks brick red water red dust sifted
paddle smothered foaming crests lost deep valleys late fall storms lake superior famous overtaken waves rushed bristling manes packs wolves strong gales lashed bigger bigger waves higher house spray struck paddle froze instantly paddle freighter crept storm ice terror captains crews late fall runs shapeless mass ship wallowed rolled control darkness ahead star flickered flashed lighthouse signaling help hand ship find power doomed fought hope land lifeboat appeared rowing slowly ship water beetle swimming whale coiled line shot spirals icy deck caught stout cable hauled aboard lifeboat rowed end cable ship reared crashed heavily tossing paddle high air boilers blew stern half sank foam explosions bow end lay jagged rocks clinging tired flies paddle rushed forward surf skidded beach lighthouse coast guard station lifeline attached wrecked ship stretched shore dangling pulley reaching surf hauled breeches buoy trip trip lost ship saved paddle beach saved escaped lake superior icy water violent storms
week leaving boat gary soaked bag drifted ashore playful dogs tore puppy carried paddle beach dropping bark wave paddle free explore beach formed southern end lake michigan sand dunes rolled eastward indiana coast spring bathers covered shores paddle escaped buried uncovered times waves lake shore curved lazy currents carried paddle northward endless beach littered cast things paddle tossed heaps pebbles shells fish bones bottles barrels boxes broken oars timbers twisted spikes rusty chains wreck ship sailed summer found halfway michigan coast passed green meadows cows stood brooks horses shade hot breezes rippled grain windmills sang tune wagonloads hay creaked fat barns summer faded autumn vines heavy grapes orchards loaded apples corn shocks indian hills coast glowed yellow scarlet fall colors fields gave pine forests nights filled lonely cry loon paddle traveled south lake michigan days seasons return northern end lake sea
hear phoebe put danger listen tell hear trust picked candlestick began polish spoke voice sounded sad phoebe heard sadness father angry phoebe tis strange freedom re fighting alongside george washington phoebe nodded knew father meant lead army win freedom owned slaves general washington slaves treated slaves tis stranger save samuel share freedom fighting maybe phoebe patriots win freedom let slaves free maybe free samuel shook head think daughter maybe looked phoebe smiled polishing won tonight dinner set dull candlesticks days later phoebe packed clean aprons bottle father cider bundle bye family set save george washington mortier house blocks queen head phoebe felt going miles miles home slowly narrow winding crowded streets cold damp wind blew harbor pushing carts rattled cobblestones loaded guns ammunition
mortier house sat high hill carpet grass reached large beautiful trees small storage house side hen house yard chickens pecked scratched contentedly phoebe drive house wondering soon meet began mortier house quiet calm change busy street war air tall thin woman opened door looked surprised phoebe told re nothin child going care big place strong replied phoebe standing tall hard trouble woman looked doubtfully leastways talk mary cook pompey continued boy appeared boy help bringing firewood led phoebe room room beautiful shining furniture stairs stairs carpeted floors silent waiting finally top floor house stopped door mary opened tiny room contained small window narrow cot kitchen need soon door closed phoebe sank cot missed queen head father home helping ready tables dinner thought father phoebe rocked cot despair clutching bundle
phoebe soon settled job wasn hard thought mrs washington brought quilts feather beds phoebe job air turn morning buying food serving meals silver cleaned shining furniture dusted polished special jobs general washington meals served dinner served promptly clock phoebe hard getting finished general washington tall quiet voice looked kind win war mrs washington fresh egg pompey lot company phoebe helped visiting hen house early morning dinner phoebe stood kitchen steps fed hens leftover scraps bread table phoebe housekeeper forget watched waited listened general washington house full officers army friends members bodyguard phoebe slipped silent shadow father taught saw talking softly stopped poke fire fill glasses light candles saw heard
today barefoot boy rich famous don call foots call ray charles knows musician blind dare trick hitting iron post huge crowds concerts play piano sing wears dark glasses rocks piano stool body soul beautiful black sounds voice music ray charles mix black jazz black blues black church music tells love pain joy trouble hear tears clap clap clap piano stands holds arms makes feel cry sings trouble ray charles robinson born able september albany georgia knows trouble calls greenville florida home live baby brother lived died parents bailey robinson tried find doctors save eyesight hard black families south medical care ray left eye removed diseased later eye blind parents brought st augustine school special training need famous musician returned blind school grown special program honored outstanding person attend school small boy standing iron post happen
ray learned read write music learned play instrument school band voice didn need learn sing sit piano fingers touch note play notes piano touch play notes add fingers pushed dots piano hardest music learn classical pieces music pages pages ray knew kind music wanted play music filled rhythms black gave learn tune jazz sound music soon writing braille arrangements melodies bands sixteen seventeen instruments school friends played music sang tea parties church affairs town ray liked making dollars getting chance put kind music fifteen telegram read mother died father brother dead ray charles robinson family sadness stay school hospital days buried couldn eat couldn cry saying feel break cry ray break quit school walked
friend spread hand map thumb florida york inches don want york ray york big inches going ray want seattle inches florida seattle ray answered re crazy friend told re blind crazy ray charles robinson wasn crazy arrived seattle washington sixteen traveled end america darkness ray tired walked found place live rooming house bed slept eighteen hours woke midnight asked landlady nightclubs open yes rocking chair open ray found talent show ray didn win contest club offered job playing piano singing weeks hired club drew rocking chair wanted offered pay money paid luck bad luck happened ray record company asked wanted record ray yes musicians strike going union rules record ray ahead union caught pay hundred dollar fine took money pay ray start save money means ray played piano instruments main musician black nightclubs formed group musicians called trio ray part group
thousand jews europe north africa east dreamed returning ancient land forefathers ancestors egypt lived bondage subjects pharaohs christian princes moslem caliphs europe offered terrible choice cross sword accept jesus christ lord messiah live outcasts century century massacred prince peace born ago holy land jew nineteenth century european jews concentrated borders hungarian russian empires austrian rumania russian poland ukraine jews political legal rights confined despised trades forbidden land farm live periodic turn ghettos slaughterhouses sparing women children russian czars outcast jews convenient scapegoats channeled fury oppressed russian peasants czar nobles feudal czars changed french revolution proclaimed equality ghetto dwellers early nineteenth century movement called hebrew word enlightenment began spread jews preached rebellion hated czars backwardness jewish rabbis pious felt sin jew protest fate god decreed book argued change fate ancient love zion need dream reality
david heard news shlomo longed follow oratory asked pick spade hoe friend jews jews migrate illegally war palestine warsaw david remembered words prophets build wastes renew waste cities generations shlomo letters holy land folks read passed hand hand returned visit russian revolution failed decade russia succeed overthrowing czar bronzed muscled true pioneer told stories arabs black tents vineyards judea listened awe actually trod soil abraham isaac ancient patriarchs shepherds seen sky jerusalem prophets marveled starlit writing almighty david green wasn young decided leave holy land father avigdor tried dissuade zion future father argued couldn convince son gave money journey jews gathered railroad station say bye young pioneers sang women wept fifty later david green david ben premier jewish thousands address group american reporters
ben returned home russian ship bound mediterranean fired german gunboat landed port learned jews fleeing palestine turks enter war side hungary germany checking nationality palestine jew oriental jews europeans turkish subjects eligible enlistment turkish army russian jews regarded enemies interned expelled ben felt loyalty czars age oppressors jerusalem urged enlistment jews turkish army help defend palestine turkish governor jailed leaders zion including ben pending expulsion prisoners brought shipped alexandria egypt british arrested enemy aliens eventually permitted leave america ben dreamed living america golden land opportunity russian jews ago worn turkish fez constantinople york city pioneer ben zvi rented rooms seventies broadway thirty walked streets metropolis observed jews prosperous lived east side slums rich poor citizens free land utterly unlike ben experience democratic america american jew judge louis brandeis member supreme court brandeis leader american ocean democratic land britain leading zionist dr chaim
ben wartime leader country premier dr chaim president presidency honorary post premier exercised power ben weathered crisis external internal war independence outlawed stern gang asserted control rebellious elite welded unified army units engaged operation ten plagues ben abolished separate headquarters class soldiers true idealists practiced socialism preached pioneered desert marsh felt ben treated harshly political reasons belonged left wing party premier led power grumbled unlike terrorists wavered loyalty superiors israel frontiers secured president truman elected term office accepted borders galilee negev declaring alteration israel consent premier ben lived story stucco house northern neighbors rode office jeep later small modest european car wore flashy uniforms dazzling rows medals practiced austerity urged nation enemies conceded leader easily spoken hebrew yiddish speaking poland pioneered youth believed plow picked sword defense respected sword abandoned socialist principles young manhood master politician emerged cunning determined exercised power basic principles surrendered
ben decision live pioneer age sixty stunned entire nation thousands letters pleaded change mind enemies called public performer renegade socialist sacrificed principles order dollar aid america remembering agreement west germany denounced opportunist submitted resignation december crowd watched household goods books loaded army truck wept departed wife paula weep follow resigned matter reason complex reasons action touched national conscience town dwellers guiltily acknowledged enjoyed movies cafes passion revive forgotten places buried thousand enemies admitted statesmen surrendered high office simple ben wife arrived cloud brown dust tiny kibbutz premier wife nineteenth twentieth pioneers built site ancient town wooden buildings protected barbed wire arab marauders radio tower single tree ben moved story house bedrooms study windows faced kibbutz office community house water rationed electricity hours founded fourteen youngsters military service negev girl killed arabs herding sheep night armed settler stood guard egyptian border dangerously close
arabs permit hearts think ponder meaning famous eichmann trial jerusalem reminded mankind jews women children died hitler gas chambers leaders arab states realize terrible story jewish suffering history accept partition nations india meet israelis solve peacefully problem displaced palestinian arabs tragedy jewish arab arab enmity shaped land israel army unifying force israelis live cities settlements attitude frontiersmen short notice prepared leave vineyards offices factories rifles democratic army israel genuine democracy arabs number cent full religious political freedom equal pay jew arab arab workers joined arabic recognized language david ben mirrors land gave chance grow leadership pioneer youth based israel jewish manual labor israel future future nations dependent human muscle human brain haifa institute hebrew university set standard emerging nations israelis won friends africa asia burma cambodia philippines kenya ghana ivory coast young study israel labor movement cooperatives settlements
africans demands freedom friends africans america europe trying help conferences called europe raise money enlist sympathy african freedom dr dubois afro american george black west indian organizers conferences dr dubois sole organizer conference america raise demand free africa friends africa african descent understood african problem experienced racial discrimination injustice america europe scholars educators felt free africa step freedom black believed africa africans efforts worthwhile support african freedom totally free africa war ii gave forward push move free black africa war brought radical inside continent africa changing colonial powers weak france england financial difficulty italy spain faced internal problems germany lost colonies england france war defeated freedom brotherhood determination nations cry representatives countries met san francisco california formed united nations purpose international body prevent wars bring peace troubled africans watched talk freedom brotherhood apply nations finally govern
government nation independence faces problems months independence african leaders country told independence meant hard sacrifice african leaders answer questions kind government kind economy kind society build let look ways leaders answered questions look kind government african nations independence organizing national party strong win political power europeans independence national party formed government governments patterned governments england france british colonies governing body legislative assembly divided party government party opposition legislative assembly makes laws country parliament england congress united states french states legislative body general assembly operates legislative assembly british areas americans europeans african legislative bodies say african governments democratic institutions elected legislative bodies political party foreign critics say multiparty system achieve real freedom equality representation africans accept standards believe forms government democratic suited african needs feel party open oppose policies
african students proud thirst education study hard countries secondary education free fierce competition young africans proper education develop countries expansion educational facilities vitally needed half population africa fifteen age growing number students entering schools university ghana university ibadan nigeria students stay late night reading preparing classes ghana unusual students reading lessons street lights students study hard future belongs leaders tomorrow taught believe countries unlike european run schools today african schools teach african history culture african students pride faith future africans early morning sunrise africans jobs hours start early want hot morning lot trucks towns bringing fresh food countryside shops business sees individual traders selling goods street hundreds women line sidewalks selling conceivable type product individual traders sell goods big department stores traders interesting wealthy sell kinds goods fixed price item sold
pushed plate jumped crying eating dinner staying ran bedroom slammed door dropped pile books floor opened dresser drawer slammed shut hard thousand times couldn believe opened bedroom door slammed shut room shook didn care slammed door times grandma room jeremy quietly opened door pushing leave sit dinner don want dinner sit anyway grandma stood door waited till kitchen sat table stared plate jeremy grandma mom daddy going call tomorrow night talk look bright side enjoy going school lots friends summer twins mimi libby re age maybe class won class breath going school grandma sighed didn say looked grandpa looked grandpa loved grandpa named girl started grandma showed letter mom looking maybe waiting say
look mimi triumphantly pulling panel carrie peered opening boy squeaked dumbwaiter didn stared mouths open dumbwaiter libby asked minute sounded disgusted grandma carrie uncle grandma put cat dumbwaiter carrie talking started talked forever dumbwaiter broke cat stuck inside wall took days couldn sleep listening cat cry carrie laughed laugh poor cat stuck wall mimi libby looked plan fast disappearing break mimi quickly tried afternoon works libby gave ride carrie squeaked bet scared bet wasn mimi neat fun house carnival began putting cover wall hey mimi libby suddenly thought let carrie turn mimi break scared scared carrie don weigh scared mimi remember scared morning exploring place carrie shivered mother says rats
wow going mom laughed darling wondered daddy mom wants talk mother paused sounded funny sudden maybe felt shy jeremy understand stay don letter didn yes mom jeremy important daddy real opportunity maybe promotion months began feeling stomach weird feeling scared knew say quick going say practiced started talk fast jeremy mom interrupted listen honey important understand don school friends grandma tells lots friends minute didn answer couldn actually happening couldn say jeremy mom saying wrote fun stomach began hurt getting sick finally words practiced think began cry don home daddy stay thought darling mom daddy relies help short think fine christmas christmas christmas forever darling mom believe school course dear mom beginning voice trying
kids mimi libby kids class introduced joy shannon jennifer hughes remembered notebook joy rich kid spoiled brat jennifer miss perfect knows nice kids wondered knew notebook walked school felt scared school huge kids libby kids moved fifteen kids class school minute felt bad thinking school missed kids wished room end ugly hall bottom part walls painted brown top sort tan ceiling high lights hidden wire cages dark tell clean shiny smelled wax sign door classroom grade miss gladstone hoo ray mimi saw poked libby teacher classroom bright hall walls yellow lots windows plants boys hanging windows calling street andrew noticed looking window sitting row piano corner kids desks movable nailed floor school
looked mimi corner eye classmates toured alaska summer miss gladstone class turned looking trying find looked mimi sitting smiling yes miss gladstone continued mimi royce won contest spent weeks alaska read cleared throat read weeks summer parents girl scout camp competition person wrote essay saying wanted alaska camp counselors wrote essay won trip alaska exciting cold cold wore shorts summer ice ice skating shorts ice refrigerators lots fish didn eat hate fish toured alaska big bus triple decker top deck fell hurt truly mimi royce libby didn finished reading started talking laughing carrie hand shot miss gladstone tr miss gladstone interrupted turn moment carrie turned mimi mimi maybe someday tell couldn tell voice believed mimi maybe mimi pictures miss gladstone asked mimi shook head
read mind whispered dropped bathroom night mimi libby saw trying hide taking thought looking kids drugs island couldn answer staring don believe carrie told showed royce strong drug tranquilizer dangerous give started laugh thought taking drugs boy dumb carrie smiled told mother whispered stopped laughing looked leaning desk mother says maybe wrong says watched thought kind strange drugs stood jeremy miss gladstone finished change places carrie didn care told taking drugs believe sudden worried tell started telling explain tell kind pills taking couldn lie royce seen pills knew won tell carrie whispered re nice re friend twins brats anyway don play play mother says wouldn mind
bonds alien land black laws define citizenship outline rights responsibilities raise armies defend torn country stripped language customs religion separated friends family shorn african culture barred american institutions black faced country struggle freedom slavery citizenship equality dignity recently choose lives control destiny denial rights includes fundamental choose links irish americans italian americans english german americans proudly identified black americans north called africans generally labeled slaves free civil war identified freedmen gradually effort parts country white affixed term negro spelled small hybrid word based spanish word black race national origin corrupted turned nigger meaning slave meaning slave docile finally negro meaning slave citizen truly free black struggle began delivered chains african ports
gained owning slaves small cost wonder slavery increased leaps bounds american revolution slaves total population million beginning civil war million slaves lived total population thirty million south slave increase number slaves brought vexing problems slaveholders resistance direct violent resistance black response white power slave revolts occurred rising frequency north south slave population increased fears slaveholders maintain peace order goal legislators law enforcement officers slave codes written black possess arms slave free crime teach slave read write slave property buy sell master approval slaves assemble religious worship watchful eye white slave allowed leave plantation errand master written permission brutal punishment meted slaves petty crimes robbing house store slave sixty lashes sheriff pillory ears nailed posts half hour ears cut
women free variety reasons escaped slaves bought freedom born parents born states slavery gradually illegal black women able rise positions prominence professional businessmen skilled workers writers teachers felt safe shadow slavery enjoyed full citizenship ballot education employment jones richard allen patient left church left resolution salvation hands organize free african society founded black organization stress help idea black help pull society entirely financed members cost member shilling silver pennsylvania currency month imposed requirements membership restricted sober industrious persons constitution paragraphs full paragraph dealt education members required pay education deceased member children attend free school put apprentices suitable trades places required richard allen believed church demanded full equality denied equality integrated church allen founded negro methodist church bishop african methodist episcopal church
thought dubois convinced black rise level south tuskegee assigned gifted educated black lead envisioned talented tenth percent black suited leadership leavening lump raising masses talented tenth learn history nations economic social problems able apply broad careful knowledge solving intricate social questions affecting dubois saw talented tenth help scholarships study university berlin lonely germany planned future twenty birthday wrote diary glad living hot dark blood forefathers beating heart genius fool unknown lays hands rise negro taking granted development means development plans science literature raise race raise visible empire africa wonder outcome knows professor economics sociology wilberforce college university pennsylvania atlanta university dubois published comprehensive study black
dubois convinced black lead black chips dubois realized integrated organization naacp offered advantages prestige gained white founders naacp included influential unlike niagara movement hand mouth organization naacp lavishly financed wealthy gave longed voice heard nation naacp set crisis monthly magazine dubois editor dubois thrilled words reach intellectuals crisis household word black country stirred ideas naacp radical organization responsible respectable methods negro movements eighteenth century legal contention area successful beginning court fight validity fifteenth amendment constitution naacp gained series important legal victories crisis matter entirely step ahead naacp dubois paper smashing success beginning fired shots target press church government unions business charitable organizations cowardly hypocritical silent face injustice dubois black fighting black committed idea black leadership
garvey biggest venture establishment black star line steamship company serve double purpose providing profitable investment shareholders providing transportation african homeland garvey planned establish negro invest black star line future exert influence white today negro editorials urged shares black star line sold dollars thousands black carefully hoarded pennies accumulate price owning gilt edged documents sending shares letter panama member read bought think money truth die hunger determined power conditions race business ventures hopeful start garvey turned attention question african homeland masses black responded appeal unity agreed justice strong strong system organization organization raised ten million dollars appeal league nations permission settle colony africa
forgotten traveler making mountains foot wandered valley known trial warm dusty wearied door eased heavy pack asked refreshment devola brought pail water spring pure cold clench teeth asked raised khaki arm pointed sugar boy rises east joshua lifts darkly west memory devola thought funny answer laughed ran yard hid flowering rhododendron peered white lacy veil don pay mind cloudy headed say sugar boy joshua memory wasn real answer yes replied traveler real answer re pretty bloom violets spring beauties terrible winter snow feet deep valley drifts ten frozen thought thaw couldn school inquired traveler brother winter frozen hate mountains re ugly traveler today noon leaned cloud ate lunch afterward coming slopes saw lake blue flowers wide scarf deep maroon fair land fairest seen
evening write roy luther attack left queer thinking dusk rose chair porch started steps reached stopped suddenly put hand neck vague look wrinkled brow took step unseen savagely tore face swept rigid surprise bursting agony scream rang stillness pitched forward devola running house bed crumpled held temples desperately hands sick cleaned vomit applied cold cloths covered cotton blanket didn say word doctor roy luther hold doctors opinion doctors cut killed mother slicing ugly shriveled growth neck letting contaminated air doctor stepped foot inside roy luther house home medicine sight doctor bring devola roy luther tamarack tea couldn night hot resin scented liquid stayed stomach poultices gum turpentine laid neck stomach struck fact eyes longer alike pupil larger left eye permanently fixed higher face
kiser morning riding sun drenched fields big chestnut front gate reined hollered roy luther started breakfast chair waved confronted kiser sickness improved kiser looks thinned clothes hung limp skin hung haggard yellowed eyes lackluster mouth wrinkled pawing earth hoofs sending geysers black dust kiser kindly move flower bed couldn sitting smack middle kiser pulled reins moved backward kiser ye daddy mary call sick bed won holler move talk glad rode kiser need talk kiser passed hand mouth studied slid tolerant amused mary call pity uns marry seen didn somethin talk understand don pain times enjoy morning shore spare talk roy luther let took stick repaired damage primroses planted thick rows fence
devola sat took dean lap fed sugar talked secret door roy luther room closed tight pretend asked merely sleeping breathe roy luther left sugar boy finished digging planted hundred seeds sight seal bed lay destitute plants developed caused pause anxiously look going peter don find seal bed comes lots stuff left lady slipper star grass wild ginger slew stuff haven started barks declare don feel worry house fixed winter muttered worry ha fix roof aim find menacingly thrust lip chest school going starts sure won dangerous don grades hate arithmetic meant meant leaving devola dean home
days kiser car stayed front gate didn mentioned word groaned accused slave driver persuaded devola drive car clear main road shouted ordered reminded winter coming didn care winter deal house radio sat neglected table sitting room played car blew car horn morning night fine riding car finally give ran gas dean howled wailed lost temper shook devola pulled ran road joshua didn lunch stay eat devola sense home let starve death don care book wagon dean mary call remember remember remember fourteen worry don killing helping yesterday working dog don telling remember remember plenty dishpan shuffled feet released sigh sorry worry mind
someday thought going smart able spout stuff ask play piano assembly fix hair white tips kids afraid miss risen scatter book shelves book mountains borrow mary call yes ma sure care aim buy home books pretty soon re didn tell banners miss eyes snapped crackled wonderful miss thought lot things wonderful birds air snow curiosity cleanliness cleanliness argued truly godliness easier bear bear source moral strength clean wonderful things friends thing miss believed thought wonderful friends improved talents happiness care advice thought hiding leave friends alma gaither pigtail hollow waiting eager school term friends asked home daddy owned operated steam run molasses mill county started fresh cooking wouldn foamy sweetness taste
serving area set doors opened lunchroom din clatter willie flattened smell food throat close stomach lurch breathing mouth helped look mustard yellow walls darker yellow corners ceiling fluorescent lights head flickered dimly henry line wonder willie codfish cakes succotash kids died smell died willie grace willie groaned clenched teeth grace decided liked beginning henry dumb sticking ear bangs tangled eyelashes willie wished bangs grow chin wouldn able ditch easy say died willie told crash lunchroom applause shrieks laughter hundred kids figured willie gym empty pictured dribbling dodging vast polished floor cut lunch thought duck upstairs henry seconds fish cakes dessert asked henry willie looked menu hang ice cream sandwiches ice cream sandwiches asked grace ice cream sandwiches henry inhaled word held breath swallowed words real thing willie turned look henry slot machine eyes dinging ice cream sandwiches sure
willie reached reading don ridiculous francis read book yes didn willie gave kick table um yeah dumb book full words precisely point mrs ready recognize gold mine gold mine willie getting grip end book gem water treasure absolute treasure mrs pulled book treasure willie hung let dear mrs copy library older classes need reading willie someday hope mrs stopping going big shelf yanked willie held book slid halfway table want read panted willie table mrs read table amanda reminded shouldn table place mrs jonathan willie holding strength thelma insisted mrs let willie fell chair book clutched chest willie mrs coldly won issue insist book period clear remember treat respect deserves
hundred forty thousand thelma repeated added word cares don stole yeah willie looked puzzled steal anyway huh willie mention cleaning closet looked willie stood folded arms chest slowly put hands pockets thinking thinking drew word glanced thesaurus needed word gold mine remember continued late willie grace re stuck willie sat grace side grace mrs copy looking re going lot trouble moaned amanda squeals thelma going willie slitted eyes re going swear oath secrecy blood oath pulled jackknife pocket re allowed bring weapons school amanda amanda thelma scream water pistol don mind blood blood makes sick willie jonathan firmly grace gangrene amanda think gangrene knives okay okay willie decided press big blade hard blade broken bottle opener didn blood oath swear
explain amanda told grace frantic noise repeat told grace frantic grace mother stared confusion crowd nurse office took steps forward amanda stuck close grace mean thing mother amanda glanced heard hard tell grace mother moved forward quickly lifted arm waved purse banged amanda head amanda continued louder mother absolutely grace mother pushed crowd amanda caught glimpse kneeling arms grace willie hissed amanda started close touching don shut think grace change willie think amanda friend boy glad cracked thelma joining hah enemy don friend means willie re gimme willie snatched book hand amanda forgotten holding open seen trusted accused willie planning give agreed jonathan willie concealed book shirt turned stairs amanda looked heard grace mother principal disappeared
plenty school action pond regulars early cherokee boys beaded headbands crazy cat rampaging rat knew nod older wasn talking wad gum tucked cheek tipped rounded lip empty pond carves slides cherokee boys watching shot sloping wall kicked jams top front wheels board spun air impressively rim cranked turn rode bowl pond filling kids crowded full bore attack power turns thesaurus nuisance shoulder ached holding arm length didn dare put forget crazy cat wiping front let board roll stop flattened big wad gum teeth tongue jumps decided finally switching book hand sidestepped board pond stood looking park bench trash cans seat arms missing sitting perfect thought drag clear space book board hands left dropped book grass picked put skateboard picked board put book thought solution put book skateboard seat bench hauled middle walk
chicken wings sitting cook asked defrosts hope forgot freezer think working re softer book head planning wear rest thought sure finally actually hoping dry crumble later maybe bedtime book father shifted chair felt seat pants definitely working added thoughtfully gum underneath lifted book hands winced father sticky problem insurmountable remind ask mess moment solutions gum disintegrates frozen looked freezer peanut butter works father stood turned package chicken wings sit scissors separate book dust jacket geography book crackled inside top sweat suit sat thing remember thought raise book high father waved scissors baton lifted father snipped wonder scalping feels thinking suddenly head felt light free father triumphantly inspected thesaurus neat gum felt head front matted odd prickly smooth
soldier john fremont explored california united states army united states decided wanted land mexico united states war john fremont helped united states defeat mexican army california part united states wasn territory lived happened brought thousands thousands california gold found gold california golden land california rich cried america crossed america covered wagons sailed south america sailed central america walked jungles sailed california greatest gold rush known california gold miners needed places sleep buy food clothes place lot miners towns hangtown rich gulch rawhide humbug mining towns grew california gold rush san francisco grow overnight ships carrying supplies miners sailed san francisco bay sacramento gold found grew big city los began grow miners found gold dust chunks gold called nuggets found picked pound nugget chasing cow field toe rock gold start million dollar gold mine children found gold boy looking rocks slingshot found gold nugget worth thousand dollars
miners rich miners worked pay food place sleep days eggs cost miners dollars pound potatoes onions cost ten dollars california wild lawless place bandits rattlesnake dick black bart fingered jack famous california gold started give stayed stayed liked california place grow crops business booming big cities california population law order coming california soon safe raise family thing bothered californians felt cut states east took weeks send letter stagecoach young pony express carried mail faster rider tired hand mail fresh rider pony express brought mail california days telegraph lines reached california californians messages east quickly hard goods california rich started railroad railroad country chinese italian irish workers laid tracks times snow buried tracks indians attacked workmen railroad finished spike driven golden spike ride united states california early kind treasure found oil black gold united states needed oil heat houses run machines invention car gold rush thousands flocked california oil fields
california large need spend magic carpet california trip going interesting places sacramento capital center dome capitol building california gold sacramento founded john sutter switzerland sutter fort rebuilt look gold discovered strangely john sutter rich gold bad businessman died poor john sutter think saw sacramento today rocket engines fruits vegetables packed factories california big cities built shores pacific ocean san diego miles north mexico fine place begin trip coast ships airplanes built san diego chance tuna eat canned visit cabrillo national monument reminds juan cabrillo explorer california city reminded days spain owned california streets parks spanish names houses spanish style ruins presidio fort built spanish soldiers mission rebuilt look built father junipero animals san diego city san diego zoo called zoo animals lots room city huge aquarium called sea study stars want visit biggest telescope united states high nearby mount palomar astronomers telescope discover stars trillions miles
cook reached mouth st lawrence river quebec dangerous assignment english needed capture important fort guarded river attack british river fort cook masters told charts river including location hidden rocks ships wrecked night night cook secretly rowed ships fort dropped weighted lines water measure depth knowing range french guns tried quiet times indians shore spotted shot arrows september charts finished british sailed ships st lawrence cook charts accurate ship ran aground british attack successful french fort cook involved war finally returned england november married young woman known marriage didn england soon command ship grenville cook spent north american waters summers inched foggy rocky canadian shore small boats carefully studies coasts nova scotia cape breton island newfoundland measuring inspecting taking notes
cook food supplies unusual included onions sauerkraut knew weeks sea sailor diet consisted salt beef dried biscuits ships refrigeration fresh fruits vegetables board early sailors developed scurvy tired unable gums swollen teeth fell voyages died cook believed foods brought board help prevent disease shortly endeavour sailed wealthy young joseph banks hobby natural history permission banks party including artists botanist secretary servants dogs deal baggage banks planned study plants animals insects endeavour strange shipload seamen scientists servants animals sailed england august stop madeira islands fresh meat fruit vegetables twenty pounds onions told eat raw opportunity fresh food kind cook sure ate determined lose scurvy sailed southwest rio de cook recorded observations moon sun stars journal studied ocean currents rio ship took supplies headed south cape horn tip south america
endeavor delighted friendly tahiti beautiful island cook banks interested observing canoes houses weapons notes journals cook set small fort island moved astronomical instruments ashore heavy quadrant measuring height stars horizon quickly disappeared tahitians liked objects metal spirited knew happened parts quadrant returned weather excellent june cook formed groups watch transit venus points island instruments recorded event carefully afterward cook quarters endeavor sea chest took sealed envelope told break seal scientific mission completed cook broke seal read orders excitement search land believed southern hemisphere find claim england chart coastline mysterious continent called terra geographers thought body land southern hemisphere balance land masses northern hemisphere seen explorers countries wanted find claim today land exist
family living species famous whale shark largest fish modern times body fish large massive tapers gradually tail head large flattened wide bears gill slits unusual length mouth wide situated front head small eyes located close corners mouth small nearby regular nasal grooves connecting nostrils mouth dorsal fins spines anal fin present tail large lacks notch rear border caudal bears horizontal keels sides pit upper surface base tail family genus single known living species whale shark largest fish larger species undoubtedly lived prehistoric times gigantic body thickest area gills tapers gradually tail body bears longitudinal ridges skin arise area gill openings extend base tail head wide flattened bears wide mouth situated front head mouth myriad small teeth arranged rows elaborate sieve strains food particles water passes gill slits color body variously purplish blue dark grey reddish brown greenish brown yellowish white beneath sides marked longitudinal vertical lines light yellow white form pattern body
small black tipped shark fish medium size moderately slender body dermal ridge midline fins caudal bears pit lower side lacks horizontal keels sides teeth upper lower jaws narrow triangular serrated adult specimens body gray bluish grayish bronze gray color white yellowish white darker longitudinal wedge shaped bands separated lighter band mark sides body fins dark colored tips lower side pectoral tip young sharks tips nearly black lighter older individuals fish matures feet length measures feet adult reach length feet shark surface dweller sea coastlines active rapid swimmer reported gather schools seen jumping rolling air feeds wide variety food including smaller fishes sting rays squids doubtless animals species ovoviviparous reproductive habits birth fully developed young young born small litters measure feet length small black tipped shark inhabits tropical subtropical seas species confused black tipped sharks large atlantic black tipped shark black tipped reef shark oceanic white tipped shark medium sized species trunk moderately stout snout broadly rounded front horizontal keels absent sides caudal
sharks family small sharks anal fin dorsal fins spine anterior margins depressed heads eyes membrane possess adjacent eye teeth vary cusps noted gill slits located anterior pectoral fin regarded harmless food sharks live cooler waters found shallow water considerable depths captured depths feet ancient records sharks late tertiary times form fossil teeth fossil spines shark small species slender body anal fin notch caudal fin tip tail teeth possess single cusp similar jaws species difficult distinguish molina separated spine dorsal fin dorsal spine reaches tip dorsal fins dorsal spine reaches thirds tip dorsal fin color body plain gray brownish gray white edges posterior margins pectoral fins dorsal fin caudal fin shark reaches feet length shark occurs tropical subtropical waters eastern pacific ocean hawaiian islands doubtless tropical pacific ocean
bishop head church group clergymen known chapter controlled money chapter hired flemish architect william william gained knowledge architecture engineering visiting working cathedrals france england germany reputation excellent master builder reached returning crusaders summoned chapter design supervise construction cathedral hire master craftsmen craftsmen master master stone cutter master sculptor master mortar maker master mason master carpenter master blacksmith master master glass maker master craftsman ran workshop trade apprentices assistants learning trade hopes masters heavy laborers skill surrounding countryside working crusades workshop required specific tools metal tools blacksmith wooden pieces skilled woodworkers main workshops required tools stone cutters workshop carpenters workshop weeks william planned sketched eventually settled final design combined methods details cathedrals seen travels instruction chapter design longest widest highest beautiful cathedral final designs drawn sheets plaster presented bishop chapter
design approved master carpenter apprentices hundred fifty laborers forest chantilly master carpenter supervised cutting timber construction scaffolding workshops machines master supervise fifty apprentice stone cutters hundred fifty laborers somme valley area known limestone workshop built stone cutters forge blacksmith tools replace wore laborers helped stone cutters lift large pieces stone quarry stone cut chiseled hammered stone cutters match patterns templates supplied master mason stone marked times show future location cathedral show quarry quarry paid stone extracted show stone cutter actually cut stone paid laborers began clearing actual site cathedral ruins cathedral demolished crypt bishops lay buried cathedral larger houses removed part bishop palace torn east end site cleared location choir marked wooden stakes workshops built craftsmen eat rest bad weather forge built production tools nails
construction roof large pieces wood sixty feet ordered scandinavia soon wood stone floated river quarry began arrive city port hoisted boats derricks built carpenters put waiting carts carried town site mid november foundation hole choir completely excavated april bishop blessed foundation stone lowered bed small stones covering clay bottom excavation mortar ready exact mixtures sand lime water laborers carried mortar ladders masons lay stones top troweling layer mortar stone layer stones dry mortar permanently bind stones master mason checked continually level sure stones perfectly horizontal plumb line sure wall perfectly vertical mistake foundation endanger wall built top foundation complete began walls walls gothic cathedral consist piers columns support vault roof space piers filled part tracery stone framework windows small areas solid wall construction piers choir hundred sixty feet high feet thick constructed hundreds pieces cut stone tracery cut templates hoisted place piers built
cut stones ribs called voussoirs hoisted centering mortared place masons finally keystone lowered place lock ribs crown highest point arch carpenters installed pieces wood called lagging spanned space top lagging masons laid course layer webbing stones lagging supported course webbing mortar dry webbing constructed lightest stone lessen weight ribs teams mason carpenter worked simultaneously sides vault installing lagging webbing met center vault complete vaulting aisle constructed mortar webbing set inch layer concrete poured entire vault prevent cracking stones concrete set lagging removed centering lowered moved scaffolding bay procedure repeated eventually entire choir vaulted vaulting complete annual holiday working attended celebration fair cathedral glass makers started working beautiful colored glass huge windows glass mixture beechwood ash washed sand melted high temperatures kinds metals added molten mixture color glass makers scooped ball molten glass end hollow pipe blew balloon swung balloon stretched cylindrical shape removed pipe ends cut tube slit middle reheated oven flattened
windows installed plasterers covered underside vault painted red lines give impression stones web exactly size eager web perfect lines ground stone cutters sculptors finished moldings capitals masons laid stone slabs floor created maze pattern floor finding center maze considered worthy god blessing making pilgrimage countryside order worship cathedral stopped chapter run money decided raise funds exhibit remains saint germain northern france southern england gladly pay relics displayed money collected wasn nave finally completed foundry large bells cast bronze model bell solid clay plaster paris covered coat wax thickness finished bell required decoration bell carved wax covered layer clay plaster compound bronze pins pushed wax core construction heated wax melted ran leaving cavity outer shell core bronze pins held mold embedded sand finally molten bronze poured cavity cooled
carpenters completed spire rose crossing nave spire wood frame structure covered sheets lead highly decorated sculptures ornaments carpenters workshop doors built center door twenty feet high heavy planks wood joined cross ribs blacksmith nails door master metal worker bolts locks hinges progress west end front cathedral construction towers supervised master craftsman etienne replaced robert died falling scaffolding vaults heavy timber framework constructed north tower bells carefully hoisted fastened place ropes hung bells pulled bells rock causing hammers inside hit sides bells ringing heard miles masons put pieces rose window installed voussoirs doors window makers filled rose window thirty foot diameter hundreds pieces colored glass midsummer pieces sculpture hoisted niches cathedral finished august bishop chapter led procession narrow streets returning grand cathedral entire population city service thanksgiving huge colored banners hung candles piers lit
eighteen story wing peking hotel stylish building driveway leading entrance flanked plenty trees shrubs ample parking space front sprawling lobby outstanding paintings tapestries depicting wall aspects chinese revolutionary history room incidentally plush ask including push button drapes peking amazingly clean perfectly safe muggers lurk shadows buildings trees beggars prostitutes congregate street corners city million orderly industrious determined workers ride bicycles million bikes capital told private cars exist high officials special need cars elderly professors provided chauffeured limousines hospitals dental clinics molars needed dental municipal hospital corner hotel attended dentists young lady hair braids looked twenty learned twenty tooth ably fixed service gratis peking city reports carry history current offical data places construction city capital china hundred city seized khan grandson kublai khan emperor mongol yuan dynasty chose city residence kublai called city
aim students complete formal education armed keen sense social consciousness desire common chinese society graduates surprisingly turn dedicated women according chao students enroll look entry private personal entrusted workers peasants part workers peasants study university purpose serving interests graduation students apply toughest jobs borderlands countryside factories word places full hardships ni meng responsible person charge foreign affairs peking university gave type student ni smoking pipe young woman department literature arts entering university settled village yenan northeast china took part physical countryside worked special vigor created impression farmers modest learned peasants identified recommended study peking university studying wrote plays articles praise students graduation settle countryside graduated classmates wrote poem called song ideals told young determined settle border regions
entire commune working tackles big scale tasks road building flood control construction dam production brigades perform agricultural plant trees handle things education welfare members nan sells vegetables grain pigs manufactured items receives payment exchange commune wants develop giant project say build power plant look major financial help looks resources borrow money banks raise funds inside commune savings profits goods commodities sold result peasants exude thrift civic spirit schoolchildren patched clothes jobs easily say bulldozer tractor purchased sweat peasant labor save precious funds entered home chou chen ying forty housewife vegetable grower husband production teams single story brick home half rooms toilet small washroom shower bath naked light bulbs hung ceilings room stone floor main room sewing machine manually operated simple radio small reading lamp bicycle doors locks noted entire chou family consists ten persons including children grandparents live half small rooms mrs chou family combined income yuan sale pigs increase amount extra yuan
wu ho born thumb severely crushed dr wang told team surgeons transplanted toe left foot hand generally cut toe side injured hand special case toe leg ordinarily replace lost thumb didn function properly recently dr wang performed minor operation wu ho improve muscle function noted wu ho thumb shorter original thumb served adequate replacement hospital acquired techniques rejoining severed limbs fingers dr chen gave credit impetus successes doctors study application mao tung teachings anyway hard argue statistics past ten staff hospital successfully treated hundred cases severed limbs survival rate limbs percent surgeons rejoined hundred cases severed fingers survival rate slightly percent complex problems solved severed limb devoid blood supply length rejoined revived recovery functions slow surgeons rejoin badly crushed utterly limb survive china surgeons added valuable pages science rejoining severed limbs reports say china leads field municipal hospital coastal shantung province gained fame research medical gallstones doctors nurses searched ways deal problem removing gallstones especially surgical operation
large sitting room elderly playing checkers clapped hands entered room custom greeting visitors room group elderly middle aged engaged shadow boxing traditional chinese art known ai chi ch clock morning streets cities china watch women performing pleasant ritual calisthenics definite rhythms treatment rooms woman suffering undergoing acupuncture needles applied buttocks special substance burned slowly atop needles producing heat substance wool shredded dried leaves chinese wormwood woman menstrual blood loss acupuncture legs ankles chief wu twenty experience art introduced patient fu chen needles inserted special places hands arms months suddenly found half body paralyzed including arm leg tongue felt heavy difficult speak shape face changed thanks acupuncture able move arm leg depth lines face thought illness resulted considerable mental strain doctors thought return normal months
bridge impressive double decked affair trains motor vehicles mile bridge completed initially soviet union helped project dropped political reasons million tons cement hundred thousand tons steel construction projects nanking bridge give chinese tremendous amount confidence massive joint efforts commonplace contemporary china thirty thousand workers seventeen communes pooled labor build dike island shanghai yangtse river estuary train gathers speed heads peking morning train windows peasants tilling fields eye small children lending hand carrying rocks buckets water shoulder poles square inch land worked rice paddies wheat fields orchards land million chinese feed feed towns cities producing surplus china says sufficient grain oil number essential products pass factories roads clogged buses trucks donkey carts construction human activity edgar snow observed peaceful construction china till heaps problems remain china sphere industry china lags major countries west japan basic items hard obtain need rationed
result opium war concessions wrenched manchus including legalization opium trade foreign control customs opening ports foreign trade taiping government nanking banned opium foreign powers happy assist manchus destruction lengthy seige nanking fell greatest destructive civil war lost lives ended japan join imperial race declared war china treaty manchus surrendered island province taiwan japan forced open ports trade treaty powers western nations japan called feverishly railway concessions naval bases commercial ports spheres influence final coup de grace boxer rising tyrannical cold blooded empress tzu proposed joint attack foreign missions peking forces manchu secret society known boxers siege foreign legation quarter diplomats missionaries families rescued combined force treaty powers middle kingdom reduced status colony manchus days numbered corrupt inefficient regime propped foreign powers interests china backward subjection collapsed christian doctor canton named sun founded revolutionary league dedicated principles nationalism democracy livelihood
communist regime mainland china recognized western powers united nations organized chinese representation limited nationalist regime taiwan opinion began swing admitting red china united nations nations established diplomatic trade ties peking united states chief continuing provide military economic aid taiwan meantime force power politics won communist doctrine important russia china falling show signs recovering china tried atom bomb china began look united states began relax hard line policy peking china admitted united nations taiwan expelled unexpected thaw relations united states president nixon visited china trade nations opened chinese early reorganizing human economic resources achieved cost severe oppression notably called cultural revolution mao ordered purge revisionist bourgeois officials accompanied widespread terrorism part maoist youth groups mao defence minister lin piao regarded embodiment cultural revolution mao ordered purge revisionist officials accompanied widespread terrorism part maoist youth groups mao defence minister lin piao regarded embodiment cultural revolution died alleged attempt coup lin discredited february cultural revolution launched targets campaign late lin works western composers teachings confucius sage statesman ancient china foreign observers political shake offing april suspicions confirmed high ranking communist party members fire
congress stage village county provincial legislative functions elected executive councils serve administrative bodies national congress elects council consisting premier vice premiers ministers council administers policies ministries commissions national defence council departments broadcasting civil aviation congress meets case large deputies effective organ policy powers exercised adjournment standing committee members committees legislative committee budget committee january constitution declared abolished office head post vacant functions office assigned national congress duties head greeting foreign dignitaries added chairman standing committee national congress declared highest instrument power clear congress remained leadership communist party individual responsibility weak national congress reached power exercised organizations trade unions peasants associations women students federations powerful body communist party evidenced fact mao resigned position chairman republic early office chairman central committee politburo communist party retained supreme position country means chinese members party communists china claims regime totalitarian government based united front parties
watch development weapons longbow firearm wreck supremacy armored knight destroy power walled turreted castle follow fortunes military orders knighthood learn knight coat arms designed science watch training boy knighthood learn equipped knightly rights duties europe began emerge savagery dark ages fallen conquest rome barbarians longed security safe raids roaming bands killed robbed burned pleased gradually groups villagers peasants united headman protection built crude forts walls tree trunks atop earth mounds flee raiders appeared standing shoulder shoulder palisades chance defend europe castles began dot countryside centuries hundred william conqueror crossed english channel defeat native english castles england presently stronger rose rest accepted number village chiefs lord high chiefs finally nobles dukes counts earls feudal controlled areas land called fiefs noble gave lesser nobles smaller fiefs hold remained loyal vassals overlord nobles took permanent job protecting fiefs peasants worked farms
space outer walls called outer bailey ward outer walls strengthened row round towers spaced invader broke outer bailey fire outer towers stood curtain walls feet thick base feet high towers higher entrance gate flanked strong towers protected walled enclosure towers gate gate called purpose prevent surprise rush main gate closed castles gate portcullis looked section massive iron fence reached stone tunnel slits sides open ceiling defenders shoot arrows pour molten lead oil enemy tops castle walls towers crenelated looked squared saw teeth protected archers enemy arrows wooden extensions built top wall roofed boards covered wet burned fire arrows soldiers crouched boards poured molten lead boiling oil slits working base walls strong iron bound doors opened towers wall tops garrison mounted stairs towers brought missiles reinforcements needed
ways castle strongly defended moat crossed penthouse roofed framework top covered wet protection fire arrows burning oil pushed wheeled extended part moat protection lines carried bundles twigs sacks earth stones forward ditch filled gate approached battering ram enormous log swung chains suspended heavy framework wheels called cat trundled penthouse roof swung crashing doors defenders interfering swarms bowmen moat dense flights arrows arching walls towers archers stood siege engines catapults scorpions forerunners cannon mortars operated bending limber tree trunk means ropes pulleys suddenly letting fly forward toss stone sling high arc built huge crossbow fired heavy steel tipped arrows pivoted beam box basket filled stones fastened lower end counterweight upper end beam pulled ropes released counterweight slammed beam rope wound crossbeam missile top flying
tournament battle knight wore decorations helmet plumes figures birds animals crest gloves scarf lady archers foot soldiers wore plain century wore shown sketches gave protection faces necks armor knight wore surcoat coat arms foot shield tough leather wooden frame gave smaller round curved shield notch side lance called buckler decorated metal bosses painted arms picture lady horse important knight sword afoot clumsy slow weight armor high saddle destrier formidable early medieval times modern tank today early days horse likely arab later turkish greek barbary spanish horses popular favorite color war horse white gray chestnut war saddle deep high cantle pommel big chair knight feet firmly stirrups anchor thrust lance century stirrup invented fighting lance impossible bridle harness decorated silver gold brass ornaments silver bells
archers expected withstand charge mounted knights considered supreme field archers tried wound horses approaching knights faded horses knights met charge enemy knight tried unseat opponent lance tip failed abandoned lances fought close quarters swords battle series individual combats side began give advanced retreating knights fallen spite ferocious hand hand combat surprisingly knights killed battle armor protected wounds foot soldiers slaughtered victorious horsemen side knew rich noble worth alive dead held ransom fixed pay noble prisoner asked captor afford pay honesty courtesy price named accepted fact noble prisoner feel insulted ransomed low price appeared battlefield challenge absolute sway armored knight english longbow developed welsh longbow began dominate battlefield formidable weapon hundred middle century french improved cannon effective
gun barrels fastened massive wooden frames straps iron couldn aimed moved volley lost pressurized force cannons fired stones didn closely fit barrels gunsmiths grew skillful able cast big guns iron brass flaws cast projecting knobs guns guns elevated depressed carriages wheels carriages cannon aimed powder makers learning combine ingredients gunpowder saltpeter sulphur charcoal proportions explode wtih power hundred war england france cannon called mounted sledges dragged battlefields believe cannons battle result cannons gunpowder cast iron cannon balls fitted bore artillery able destroy strongest stone walled castle walled fortress city constantinople centuries resisted attacks conquered turks turks cannons shatter impregnable walls gunsmiths began making small hand guns carried soldier simply miniature cannons clamped end pole fastened number fired fuse early machine guns called
christmas america today merriest season dazzling decorations touch everyday scenes magical beauty toy departments overflow wonders walking dolls space stations santa claus appears department stores children whisper wishes ear holiday spirit spreads churches schools homes children join fun christmas preparations decorating homes trimming trees wrapping presents relatives friends arrive cars airplanes buses merry christmas thrill opening gifts joy family feasts peace sharing christmas message songs stories american christmases explorers pioneers families homes celebrated christmas eve found christopher columbus exploring islands west indies suddenly flagship santa maria ran rocks began leak columbus sailors spent christmas unloading supplies ship indians hispaniola canoes helped explorers indians feasted aboard nina island indians brought gifts gold columbus left start colony named la spanish words christmas later spanish explorers celebrated christmas florida hernando de soto held religious services today florida capital services st augustine oldest city united states english fishermen fur traders sailed north american coast celebrate christmas special meal huge codfish
story england puritans passed laws forbidding merry strict religious group banned gay festivals england believed festivals grown merry forgot religious meanings families celebrate secret group puritans called pilgrims spent christmas working hard christmas finally chose plymouth place colony christmas morning dawned cold fair rushed ashore began building storehouse worked chopping sawing splitting trees ship mayflower sick homes food found weather worse puritans settled massachusetts bay samuel sewall puritan preacher christmas diary december snowy shops open sleds town wood schools stayed open christmas festivals laws dropped disapproval england ended anna green winslow young massachusetts girl diary nearly hundred later christmas home days aunt says settled england thanksgiving big festival knowing gave christmas customs festival foods raised wild turkeys ate traditional goose feast indians taught delicious wild cranberries tasted plant corn pumpkins squash foods holiday feasts found bayberry bushes growing england bayberries covered gray green wax berries boiled wax skimmed candles
dutch settled amsterdam later called york st nicholas eve december ushered jolly christmas season st nicholas christian bishop lived fourth century modern turkey spent riches helping poor giving gifts children legendary gift bringer children holland european countries ship bringing dutch settlers figurehead st nicholas patron colony dutch housewives spent days making holiday cakes cookies sweets baked shape st nicholas huge cookies carried image side children fun parties st nicholas eve wrapped small cakes thin gold paper called gold leaf glittering gifts honor saint gave gold children forgot spread sheet door homes suddenly door open shower fruits sweets fell sheet dressed st nicholas entered wore white beard bishop robe tall hat staff hand brought helper boy carrying bag switches children st nicholas asked shouted don leave switches night children wooden shoes fireplaces gifts st nicholas bring boys girls happy skates dutch families spent christmas going church visiting feasting young joined skating parties ponds twelfth night kings night children stood candles ground kings visited baby jesus
ralph morris england telephone company worker watched small signal bulbs light telephone lighting trees safely strung electric light bulbs family tree electric lights trees dazzling popular moravian families manger scene putz christmas trees putz german word meaning decorate putz includes things tell tiny mountains farms animals creeks part scene decorations saved passed children friends putz homes prettiest scenes town visitors big community putz set moravian church germans brought putz idea baltimore known christmas gardens santa claus christmas tree helped christmas children festival gift giving popular expecially adults santa toys bigger fancier hundreds sprang united states christmas tree farms big business fir pine spruce favorite trees early christmas morning children rush presents piled beneath today sled popular present united states peace earth longfellow wrote christmas poem war christmases war sad husbands fathers armies food costly scarce especially south end war turkey cost candy cost dollars pound
charles dickens visited united states war ended traveled reading famous stories christmas eve read christmas carol story tells rich miser feels christmas celebrations wasteful christmas eve frightful dream visited ghosts christmas past christmas present christmas dream teaches joy christmas giving honor christmas heart try declares dickens readings christmas popular christmas carol reminds americans true spirit christmas president franklin roosevelt read story children grandchildren christmas families share children dramatize schools christmas card custom spread spirit america louis prang called father american christmas card prang penniless germany opened small print shop massachusetts perfected making colored pictures cheaply began selling christmas cards cards small printed side american christmas cards bigger beautiful popular today big industry christmas cards brightened christmas seals einar postal clerk denmark idea stamping christmas mail christmas stamp help sick agreed seals sold denmark united states money seals help stamp tuberculosis diseases joys american christmas
national christmas tree decorated white house lawn president pushes button light towering tree special ceremony broadcasts christmas message nation weeks christmas giant tree decorated center york city visitors country beauty hear redwood central california called nation christmas tree tree growing christ born christmas worshipers faiths hold services base california boasts christmas tree lane graceful cedars brought india visitors drive car lights dimmed wonder lighted trees strangely christmas customs spread grow stronger wars american soldiers introduced christmas trees santa claus turkey places soldier painted flashlight bulbs decorate tree south pacific island war ii headlights jeeps turned tree caroled jungle night united states added states alaska hawaii brought christmas customs santa claus comes alaska riding snow covered main street sled drawn team huskies appears live reindeer santa arrives beach waikiki open christmas season hawaii paddles canoe rides surfboard beaches joyful music guitars ukuleles christmas dinner hawaii outdoor feast called roast pig served side side turkey eggnog pineapple punch
begin journey space let outdoors let space looks yard lovely summer afternoon look blue sky space layer space air atmosphere earth atmosphere tiny specks molecules gas things bits dust water air sun shining daytime stars sky bright sun rays bounce specks dust gas reflected times speck tiny mirror making sky light brightness drowns light stars deeper space moon close earth seen daylight fact moon today close sun glare sun setting west sunset glows red gold rest sky getting darker deep blue star pale dot light sky grows darker darker bright stars black sky sun set space stars look alike eyes dark colors stars yellow faintly red blue white things look stars stars
planet earth lit sun sun directly lighting side earth watching night side earth shadow earth stand turning steadily look north top east big lakes lakes earth turns carries lakes east fifteen minutes miles look edge earth hazy mist heavy air close ground miles thick weather earth happens thin covering air clouds covering parts earth cloud sending lot rain saying terrible weather west bright sunshine weather fine weather weather air left nearly air let turn look sun minute view safely dark glass strange looks blazing jet black sky bright glow burning gas corona latin word crown strange thing sun shining thousands stars air reflect sun rays sky light
moon thousand miles earth halfway thousand miles home endless black space stars count sun blazing moon sun lights half moon lighted part bright edge crescent moon wonderful view earth looks giant ball saw earth full sunlight edge shadow white clouds sky clear north south america look bright patch snow north pole melts south pole frozen poles don direct sunlight cold earth turning turns stick pole pole globe home course real earth stick running center imaginary line north south line earth axis earth turns rotates axis west east full turn rotation takes hours earth hours easy night earth turns half lit sun daylight half shadow night daylight north south america continents turning slowly east
mars earth ways atmosphere thin clouds air breathe plant growing maybe plants earth mosses mars hours earth earth days look sun looks smaller earth earth looks bright star moon looks fainter star re planet sun giant jupiter strange things look pieces rock flying planets call planets asteroids asteroid belt asteroids don common planets seen re odd assortment shapes sizes look jagged chunks rock miles wide small planets odd orbits lie asteroid belt found asteroids mars earth roam nearly edge solar system knows sure asteroids possibly ago big planet mars jupiter maybe fell exploded thousands asteroids pieces planet going sun let leave wandering rock pile move jupiter largest planet solar system
look sun re million miles grown small hard believe terrible ball fire saw mercury earth direction sun farther farther home planet pass planet uranus moons pass neptune moons planets covered thick poisonous clouds cold shiver think big planets times wide earth journey seen kinds planets nearest sun mercury venus earth mars small heavy solid planets rock iron giant planets passed small planets spinning rapidly deep poisonous atmospheres moons earth neptune sun planets discovered planet pluto let visit pluto traveled innermost planet mercury outermost planet pluto edge solar system pluto huge ball surrounded poisonous gases jupiter saturn small rocky planet mars earth
leaving pluto solar system shooting milky let look huge cloud stars sun lost stars figure going land stop hot star solar systems star planets circling sure found solar system edge planet comfortable distance hot star planet let land pleasant planet nicer pluto things feel home thing planet atmosphere daytime sky bright blue mountains distance look volcanoes water planet things growing ground plants trees trees home look trees seen pictures pictures earth ago young planet maybe someday planet animals bad stay hours passing earth planet rotates axis turning star sun light shadow getting dark stars look milky
suppose town ice skating early fall late spring build outdoor skating rink process construction refrigerator coils buried ground prepare rink skating surface flooded inches water refrigerator system turned hours water freezes rink covered layer ice fall spring temperature air freezing skaters glide merrily island winter change outdoor weather weather bureau discovers freezing temperatures coming florida california happen freezing temperatures states lemons oranges grapefruit growing ruined fast raise temperature air surrounding trees degrees spaces rows trees intervals feet fruit growers set small stacked iron stoves called smudge pots stove filled crude oil coke fuels burn give thick black smoke smoke pots soon covers entire orchard heavy blanket trapping earth heat smoke grove island warmth ocean frost crops saved find superhighways roads built cars travel sixty miles hour fine drivers road clearly fog covers stretch road slows traffic
tempted complain weather asking ask makes weather bad put blame belongs energy sun earth water air act weather matter temperature plenty experiences heating effects sun step quickly deep shade bright sunlight bright sunlight deep shade case feel sudden flash warmth case suddenly feel cooler live city surely noticed tend walk sunny side street wintertime shady side summer experiment sunlight set home weather station remember put thermometer shade professional weathermen fact shady shelter place thermometers instruments notice shelter ventilated sides solid slits openings air enter leave special reason put head inside automobile parked sunlight windows closed reason feels put head oven course scientific explanation rays sunlight glass windows car easily inside car rays absorbed seats leather materials hot
talk weather talking air temperature movement transports air invisible seen fortunate air substance call air air known mixture gases odorless colorless reason air detect feel let blow doubt air real substance simple show air real catch plastic bag press finger bulging side bag air inside resists push shows air invisible gases real substance takes space air real weight cubic foot air sea level weighs ounce weight pennies roomful air weigh suppose room feet feet wide feet high find air content cubic feet multiplying answer cubic feet cubic foot weights ounce ounces pound find air weighs pounds wind storm blows equivalent roomful air miles hour watch stay indoors
rapid communication systems developed local weather observers completely isolated california tried send information pony express ohio weather west reach east message parts country linked telegraph practical means sending information weather conditions country telegraph network grew set national weather service act congress act service authorized prepare storm flood warnings file weather records weather bureau established tremendous progress means communication rapid succession telephone teletype radio facsimile system sending pictures television helped speed exchange reports result set stations widely scattered locations present main office united states weather bureau located washington receives messages thousands observation centers places united states points north america ships northern waters atlantic pacific oceans nearly foreign stations south america europe asia africa centers united states report weather conditions part earth surface times information entered weather maps facsimile transmission national center regional offices
ago united states navy announced tests georgia clouds disappear seeding air finely powdered carbon test airplane sprayed water pounds carbon dust mile path soon cloud mile thousand feet thick began form demonstration seeding carbon caused cloud thousand feet high banish twenty minutes cloud disappear top sprayed dust harnessing nuclear power give weapon battle control elements let look ahead twenty century food crops growing deserts nuclear power rivers shifted artificial lakes created bring water places driest regions earth harbors cities small harbors harbors huge deposits national resources discovered penetrating deeply earth things nuclear power scientists try imagined sure projects completely safe suggested ice caps melted sense oceans rise high flood coastal cities comes projects scientists careful planning citizens science vote intelligently approve projects
group satellites known nimbus series obtaining infrared daylight pictures nimbus satellites measure temperatures lower levels atmosphere ground observations cover percent earth nimbus satellites help fill percent gap information atmosphere applications technology satellite ats special class put orbit miles earth height satellite circles earth speed earth rotates axis result ats remains hovers portion earth keeps taking photographs region additional ats satellites launched able constant observation full color sections earth eventually able entire face weather satellites transmit pictures measurements rapid fire succession satellites serve relay stations worldwide communications network speed collection weather data result staggering human mind put information quickly purpose preparing forecasts weather occurs electronic computer speed rapid digest information analyze forecasts computers designed receive thousands separate photographs combine picture reveals basic weather systems computers designed receive land stations millions measurements humidity pressure temperature wind direction wind speed computers translate information weather map shows glance weather minutes arrive prediction weather likely hour tomorrow week
autumn leaves swirled england air small cottage prince nancy attucks faces pressed windowpane watching red yellow brown leaves dance drop ground boy strolling yard cottage kicked leaves walked comes colonel buckminster tom phebe attucks crispus half chris strained tiptoe bring stool taller phebe running fireplace put stool window cris stand look pointed finger hand turned head left hand help approaching figures crispus jumped lost balance fell striking head window ledge phebe hurried rescue dropped started rub head hurt cris asked climbing stool struggling look window let started look heard loud knock door mrs attucks busy cooking fireplace overheard phebe say colonel tom coming colonel knocked wiped hands towel door flung open eager visitors welcome looked crispus phebe standing facing visitors call father phebe explained colonel garden loves reminds home
aunt maria looked relieved anxiety grief raised eyes smiled thank colonel kindness hate think poor cato killed hope stopped suddenly finishing sentence mean plan join colonel inquired surprise sir aunt maria quickly happy miss cato risk shot strike canada cupped hands mouth shouldn cato colonel inquired sure sir looking twisting cloth nervously tears surprised colonel tried cato understand cato leaving walked leaving aunt maria staring inside big house colonel wife cato run canada expression voice send asked wife dear colonel replied dropped wearily chair stared logs crackling fireplace wife sat quietly giving opportunity think finally spoke cato run asked aunt maria care home aunt maria mrs buckminster asked surely tell chance mrs buckminster studied husband face thoughtfully softly haltingly slave
prince early tend garden cris awakened watched father move quietly cabin phebe slept trundle bed pulled big bed night slept fluffy feather mattress heads buried goose feather pillows moments cris merely watched slipped bed dressed tiptoed join father father whispered morning son prince putting logs fire re early morning yes father didn sleep night thinking wondering prince filled large earthenware cup steaming coffee coffee father asked cris warm milk minutes father son sat quietly soft sound crackling logs heard finally prince broke silence saying mind son cris sipping warm milk set cup ready start conversation belong colonel buckminster father afraid son ask sure knew belonging business mean looked feet wiggled toes shoes obvious puzzled prince looked hesitatingly boy sitting flickering shadows fire ago boy happy carefree run play told father king country prince paused sipped coffee cris looked intently
spring began awaken grass trees flowers attucks family worked outdoors morning prince soap mrs attucks saving scraps fat winter put soap scraps father told cris prince large barrel removed end bored holes end set barrel upright holes bottom filled barrel ashes saved fireplace finally cris bring pail water poured water open end barrel soon dark liquid started trickle bottom look father black coming bottom barrel cris cried alarm black water passing ashes makes lye explained prince need lye boil scraps fat soap grease brought big pan catch dark liquid things soap cris asked watching father mix lye grease large kettle watch prince built fire kettle asked cris bring stools sit sat waited liquid begin boil cris wriggled toes stared fire pot began boil prince stirred mixture stick cris stood close watching father intently stayed close kettle father sat presently prince don close son
cris tried obey parents stay cabins big house began slip spend liked mingle slaves slaves cabins smaller attucks cottage furnished cabin fireplace heating cooking small collection pots pans contained bed table chairs stools neat clean yard covered grass shrubbery flowers cabin garden shed pen animals slaves worked colonel house lived cabins slaves worked farm difference cabins caused hard feeling slaves strangely prince ran farm wife ran big house envy prince tried treat slaves squarely believed frequently trips slaves quarters talk busy spend wanted cris stay morning cris twelve asked phebe accompany cabins kitchen big house huge fireplace mother baking bread biscuits cookies stopped smithy watch jonah smith repair broken wheel jonah liked contented food shelter clothing refused join slaves complaining talking freedom prince wife happy belong colonel
stopped working looked seriously added watch jonah blacksmith shop making showers red sparks hammering anvil smith learn things colonel jonah mother cris raising head nancy watch cooper making barrels talked skillfully worked fit wooden staves paused expectantly cris let talking stop cabinetmaker shop curly shavings wood bring home phebe times wanted learn beauitful tables beds chairs remember yes remember thinking nice nancy smiled patted head sitting front fire deep thought trying listen mother soon gave talking hurried set table supper supper dishes washed put family drew chairs front fire phebe mother brought sewing cris wriggled toes studied thoughtfully prince thought things needed tomorrow colonel buckminster prince type choose son didn choose father told colonel wanted ship asked learn drive carriage son owns ships father cris free ship
lowness land bahamas preview entire west indies predominating race negro negroes brought slaves replace indians spaniards took cultivate fertile lands cuba negroes live british islands jamaica barbados bahamas beaches waters turning jade green shallows rocks vivid purple water gulf stream keeps islands warm warm islands farther south trade wind blows fringes graceful coconut palms british ruled bahamas reign charles revolutionary war large numbers families loyal england left georgia carolinas began bahamas especially nassau island green turtle cay populated entirely descendants loyalists american colonies settlement looks american fishing village hundred fifty ago group largest shaped giant foot vast jungle places reached island looks slice part congo harbour island larger fine winter homes belonging rich americans british bahamas lying trade route east coast north america cuba south favorite hiding places pirates blackbeard captain kidd popped islands strike terror merchant shipping middle nassau stood gigantic fig tree blackbeard hold councils hanged prisoners
roast young pig cooked cuban country style delicious meat dishes tasted cooked named domingo serving mountain guide built big fire bits dried wood fire burning mass hot coals domingo split open pig cracked joints working wild lime juice openings flattening halves pig laid cradle green twigs suspended glowing mass coals knife called machete domingo quickly sliced number palm leaves cover cooking pig completely hours half pig baked palm oven rode explore mountain valley swim pool return finally feast christmas dinner comes early morning midnight mass christmas eve roast pig national dish cities morning christmas boys servants carry young pigs prepared flat pans bakeries cooked bring home evening church service del rio part indian clever spearing fish mountain pools pairs jump end pool splash noisily frightens fish end companion waits motionless slender spear poised spearing fish requires skill practice standing water looking spear appears bend enters water
june morning morgan death rumbling mountains suddenly earth torn spit land enclosing harbor tilted side thirds port royal slid sea port royal vanished thousand spring summer diving expedition brought surface relics sunken city cannons cooking utensils pot stew bones clay smoking pipes wine bottles lanterns brass watch stopped minutes quake evidently water works owner slid sea airplanes land sandspit connects left port royal mainland disaster survivors built city mainland laid present port kingston business town streets straight checkerboard pattern backdrop kingston beauty backdrop blue mountains highest ridge west indies peak thousand feet jamaica sugar rich island plantations estates haiti estate houses survive turned hotels rose hall bay magnificent plantation houses ruined shell palace stairways mahogany doors gilt costly paintings resplendent chandeliers hundred sat banquet hall nights live vicinity rose hall think white witch ghost wife owners supposedly trampled death mattress cruel treatment slaves
spanish days island poorest colonies spaniards killed arawak indians trying sugar plantations masters rich import negro slaves numbers spain colonies independent white families loyal spain resettled puerto rico today native white live puerto rico west indies puerto ricans content ruled spain half nineteenth century spain tried restrict islanders liberty threw puerto rican leaders jail stopped trade united states spanish american war puerto ricans happy spaniards american rule president united states appointed american governors rule puerto rico president truman jesus governor puerto rican hold office later united states allowed islanders draw constitution government elect governor island overpopulated lived poverty especially areas san juan el mudhole la perla pearl pearl fortunately climate varying degrees degrees fahrenheit mild suffers cold spend deal doors puerto rican government rid bad living areas persuading foreign businessmen locate factories island building thousands houses families living poor districts
carried ladder hawk nest food lumber furniture pianos skillful building boats packed materials ladder shaped hulls head performed incredible feat lowering boats face cliffs visitors land strip called fort bay narrow corkscrew road took build makes ride bottom jeep reach bottom rub eyes amazement dutch village neat white houses red tile roofs expect hear talking dutch natives speak english learn thing lesser spaniards english french danes dutch fought islands hundred parcels land changed hands times natives speak english speak dutch french speak english want live soil gardens bottom small banana plantation smaller villages dropped front window twenty hundred feet pick working oil refineries women lace home leeward islands look alike strips beach bordered groves coconut palms shore sugar cane follows valleys hills low mountains natural harbor find town white houses hibiscus bougainvillaea trailing white balconies red roofs stand brilliantly prevailing green
abc islands dutch owned end tail formed lesser valuable small islands earth largest oil refineries oil comes venezuela richest oil fields poor sister interesting place visit offshore fishing excellent examine ancient indian carvings walls cave called june photograph flocks pink flamingos nesting rare sight west indian travel booklet picture seventeenth century holland houses waterfront capital chief port amsterdam board floating market famous bridge west indies floats twelve big ship wants enter harbor queen emma floating bridge swung side statue town familiar peter stuyvesant peg leg governor york air covered giant mushrooms fuel tanks oil water oil tankers bring water washing say person bath smells kerosene hard say west indies end abc islands lacy collar small islands extends past venezuela columbia panama hundred san islands official de las tawny brownish san indians live changed days columbus west indies possibly idea chain spaniards
boys top rolling hill stood oyster village dozen dark square bark covered huts wigwams beach children low openings wigwams delaware built homes facing east facing grandfather east elder brother rose daily grandfather east kind delaware brought cooling east winds water warm rains cornfields gardens delaware getting morning faced light streamed opening dark wigwam thanked grandfather east waking oyster village looked deserted boys fathers older brothers hunting mothers sisters busy cornfields stayed inside wigwams working sewing getting things ready evening meal boys hot tired running liked plunge cold water tide felt running extra steps water deep swim brown wet sand tide receded full breathing holes boy bare toe touched hole thin column water spurted upward showing clam boys picked large empty clamshells scattered beach began dig breathing holes hands arms grew tired stood dug heels toes till felt rounded rough clamshell underfoot bent scooped clams threw basket
boys wore necklaces shells wore earrings mothers grandmothers pierced ears places sharp bone strung beads tufts feathers boys wore buckskin bands heads wore braided grass rings dyed bright yellow reds necklaces earrings headbands glistened sun boys calm green blue expanse sky rested water canoe sight dugout canoes lay cove boys playing nets hung drying canoes nets older boys woods hunting cried cry gladness boys looked answered call oho oho coming close water wandered beach lucky path lay shells wanted assure shells grandfather wampum continued calling bounced sand excitement waving chubby arms pointing downward chin shells oldest tallest boy group uncle spotted village sachem delaware sachem chief able hunter fisherman wise order selected honored office uncle traveled coast delaware bay delaware river visiting dozens delaware villages stretched sides bay river
oyster village springing directions boys game shoulders slowly streaming village proud hunters carried pole hung bear carcass hunted bear winter early spring set morning search deer fortunate tracking killing bear boy trotted carrying large bows quivers full arrows walked fast heavy load cut bear dark women begin melt fat evening delaware housewives depended bear fat flavoring stews deer meat fat deer meat stew flavored bear fat tasty front bark houses pairs women girls pounded corn large wooden mortars heavy wooden pestles rhythmic pounding beat drums welcome home coming boys roofs bark houses thin ribbons smoke rose sky girl older woman remained inside house tend small cooking fire getting coals ready roasting meat watching water heated large clay pot cooking fire wigwam watched carefully household goods piled neatly walls wood grass skins burn easily caught fire unnoticed spark set bark house fire entire village flames destroying wigwams underground stores food
large village larger oyster village canoes beached river late boys standing platforms spearing sturgeon spears canoes boys climbed platforms dropped fishhooks water fishermen moved room boys spoke understand dialect figured signs wanted told repeating times oyster village oyster village added members wolf clan lenape lenape son belongs wolf clan turtle boys luck caught trout hurried camp cooked set canoes camp going village women spread mats started cooking evening meal soon returned missed sachem river village seen burning large party warriors attacked village dawn messenger later morning tell sachem ruined village organizing large force seek revenge sachem hoped arrange meeting chiefs recover property buckskins loss homes goods burned
yearly harvest ceremonies important festivals delaware thanksgiving celebrating season delaware honor helpers generous yearly ceremonies opportunity villages sachem carrying decision village council messengers invite villages hickory buck eagle rest north oyster village deer village south days ceremony messengers set foot canoes carried small strings wampum pouches tied belts messenger reached oyster village evening immediately beached canoe took wampum belt spotted wigwam spotted expecting assured messenger oyster village ceremony days warm nights getting colder rained deal hoped weather clear trip oyster village busy repairing canoes cut logs winter working beach making canoes seasoned logs sick planned stay eye dogs wigwams full storage pits baskets beans dried squash pumpkin dried meat fish packed tightly theses pits overhead wigwam hung corn neatly braided bunches dozen ears
pass turtle wants speak visions gave turtle shell rattle boys indian tribes delaware believed dreams messages spirits spirits suggested dreams successful girls wanted marry healthy children wigwam boys wanted success hunting fishing wanted marry raise family hoped sachems wanted excitement adventure warpath boys spot village fasted prayed spirits send vision parents tried help son vision mother instance give boy small charred piece venison evening meal boy asked food refuse give later boy tried lie bed father tell sleep hard floor door parents hoped spirit watching boy think longer loved pity seek vision spirit help father older brother secretly boy left village seek vision brought food drink morning till successful sea gull suddenly boy vision say ask trouble need help call help
moon find larger mountains rims hollow craters sharp peaks sticking centers picture page large telescope shows rough moon surface darker parts smooth rock material looks dark reflect light powdery dust astronomers say exactly caused craters think explosions inside moon volcanoes earth beleive large meteors crashed moon ages ago happen trying experiment dig couple handfuls earth stones mix water tin adding water stirring gooey mud fairly thick pushed flow pour mud large flat plate shake plate round round motion mud spread thin layer drop bits remaining mud knife held feet plate splash holes look craters moon peak middle astronomers counted craters moon small feet wide giant miles rims miles high larger craters seen ordinary field glass astronomers actually stretch tape measure moon find distance roundabout manner
planets seen telescope mercury venus mars jupiter saturn markings details show large telescope find interesting locate planets remember pick planets steadiness light find planet look regularly nights track notice moves slowly westward sky weeks pass gradually place seen stars jupiter shines true white light look autumn southeastern sky winter southwest field glass show brightest moons close planet saturn found southeastern sky spring southwest summer bright yellow white color expect rings takes telescope show mars shines reddish light closer sun jupiter saturn place sky faster order locate look position almanac library information venus brilliant white brighter times planets mars position greatly locate help almanac venus shows phases moon need telescope mercury close sun easy find search sunset march april field glass help mercury shows phases seen telescope
special instruments astronomers able rose colored clouds gas spurting edge sun clouds named prominences swirl speeds hundred miles sucked sun queer actions explained edge sun silvery haze called corona seen main ball sun hidden moon eclipse astronomers wait eclipse corona special form telescope things remain found mysterious outer part sun mistake think sun heat caused burning sun burn coal glows electric light air needed burn air inside lamp bulb sun look heat sun scientists feel answer surprise happens deep inside sun action hydrogen bomb explosion action atom bomb part material changed directly heat means atoms sun order sending heat light rate figured tons sun huge billions rate atoms
strong ocean current washes shores southeastern china pushes north pacific reaches land mass america small boats junks voyage according ancient chinese documents recently discovered regular trade carried china america thousand ago chinese established colonies america emigration law china chinese wished leave country anyway china largest country chinese lands inferior chinese pride matter geography matter race chinese told story god baker took loaf oven soon white resulted left loaf negro experienced baker perfect golden loaf chinese centuries vast size enormous population china protected foreign invasion country asia large challenge warlike tribes manchuria mongolia raided border areas stopped wall built thick stone wall transferred united states stretch maine florida china happy isolation ended early sixteenth century portuguese began trading raiding canton south china coast portuguese powerful nations europe guns suits armor chinese defenseless hundred portuguese assault china peace spanish arrived canton opium opium poppy grown ancient china chinese smoke
gold rush population california grown hundred thousand quarters search gold fact deal gold found high prices gambling general returned miners poverty briefly risen real fortunes miners farsighted businessmen catered needs wells fargo stage company john coach building company philip armour meatpacking company cattle ranchers southern california railroads especially railroads miners deeply bitter dare vent bitterness powerful exploited disappointments lives sought scapegoat found defenseless chinese chinese altogether defenders chinese li means bitter strength railroads built labor clearing swampland laying track chinese white refused essential development west railroads needed chinese protected railroads completed thousands chinese dumped labor market results predictable los mob murdered chinese looted chinese shops grand jury indicted thirty riot twenty murder noted police stood chinese moved inland met violence northward looking found poor welcome canadian forests rock springs wyoming twenty chinese murdered evening severely injured hundreds driven homes chinese found employment factories farms
chinese korean children san francisco attended segregated school heart chinatown japanese widely spread city school set japanese children attended schools happened closest homes ninety japanese pupils san francisco public school system twenty thousand white children san francisco school board wished demonstrate patriotic californians chronicle asiatic exclusion league board passed resolution expressing determination provide separate school japanese children soon resolution put effect san francisco half destroyed earthquake fire chronicle forgot japanese menace moment aid public private sources united states clearing rubble providing shelter food medical care homeless immense japanese activities stop altogether government japan contributed money aid disaster victims foreign sources combined japanese seismologist scientist studies earthquakes architect imperial university tokyo study damage assaulted streets san francisco months earthquake fire dreadful affair seal colonies st paul island american possession bering sea plausible outrageous charges japanese st paul colonies subject poachers raids lately poachers bolder usual july american guards repulsed brazen raid gang japanese poachers killing capturing japanese government considered actions american authorities justified protest
war turned europe wasteland millions killed battle millions women children died diseases spotted typhus bubonic plague influenza flourished war wake victors vanquished alike europe thing common hunger midst indescribable suffering thing prevented europeans giving despair hopes president united states woodrow wilson acclaimed millions nations defeated wilson armies virtually worshiped appearance tone prophet symbolize wealth power untold possibilities america wilson wanted united states war quarrels empires europe concern george washington advice avoid foreign entanglements pertinent powers europe permitted disputes tiny states eastern southern europe plunge vast slaughter germany submarine assaults american ships left wilson choice united states entered war wilson clear intention america save extend british french empires despite necessity military cooperation wilson trusted allies wilson interested room deals compromises power politics loved passionately concerned plight wretched masses mankind hear voices speak utter longing oppressed helpless peoples hear battle hymn republic hear feet hosts liberty going set free set minds free set children free comes hearts trying contribute brains power enterprise liberty
publisher influential chain newspapers san joaquin valley attitudes generally liberal traveled east korean independence demonstration ruthlessly suppressed japanese soldiers returned united states hatred things japanese looked california saw japanese enjoying warm sun fertility soil found exclude japanese america founded california joint immigration committee secured sponsorship powerful california organizations committee main goal prohibition japanese immigration main category japanese entering united states negotiation gentlemen agreement picture bride japanese women america japanese preference laws california states prohibited interracial marriage japan wives parents relatives choose likely bride send photograph america couple married proxy afford travel japan wedding bride admitted united states married america join husband responding intense pressure committee united states government negotiated extension gentlemen agreement japan agreed issue passports picture brides congress passed comprehensive immigration law essence law quota system designed preserve racial balance united states nordic census census large numbers immigrants arrived eastern southern europe quotas limited flow immigrants parts favor britain germany scandinavia
war course actual date place commencement hostilities known considered war japan inevitable united states pacific power tokyo closer los paris matter japan imperial ambitions asia collided american presence federal government certainly expected trouble japan shooting actually began early fbi office naval intelligence began keeping close watch nightclubs restaurants los tokyo agents japan nazi germany busy planning espionage sabotage japanese america known completely loyal book published scare title betrayal east mentioned nisei worked fbi pearl harbor tensions united states japan reflected intensification japanese activities california newspapers blame month pearl harbor los times headlined spy inquiry faced japanese seized radio story left fearful nightmare visions radio directed air raids turning city flaming rotterdam turned truth proved newsworthy misleading story twenty nisei youth arrested police discovered mobile radio car held seventeen hours intensive interrogation determine sending messages tokyo messages failed impress police times oriental tricks explanation range fifteen watt radio fell short japan possessed valid fcc license operate public knew japanese seized radio police suspicious faced spy inquiry
winter families loaded dog sleds villages winter strange wonderful beauty strong winds whirl snow tell sky earth winter house eskimo family slept sleeping platform covered furs warm seas rivers frozen water chunks ice melted seal oil lamp wood fires eskimo ate food raw frozen woman cooked food stone dish set rack lamp winter home eskimo waited summer waited tools ivory walrus whale carved carefully beautiful simple small figures things knew seal walrus bear houses village connected low tunnels eskimo family crawled house families village crowded house hold drum dance beat drum sang song eskimo song sing danced crowded room move danced sitting floor moving arms house dogs scrambled howling snarling fought middle huddle finally settled sleep snow drifted covered eskimo dogs slept snowdrifts coldest weather eskimos dogs hungry village clubhouse built boys
large boat built water owned importance hunt whale hunted whale hunting hunt began women covered frame skins hunter wore fur clothes honor whale hauled edge ice dogs whale killed hauled ice thanked coming whale hunt dances singing drums games blanket toss walrus skin stretched tightly held edges hands eskimo balanced skin tossed high air player stayed upright air landed standing walrus skin eskimos fished rivers harpoons nets fished trout salmon black fish white fish caught fish swallowed head hunted rabbits ground squirrels hunted grizzly bear knew path wild reindeer herd crossed tundra stopping paw snow find mosses grass hunter waited path kill women gathered wild cranberries wild raspberries eskimo lived diomede island islands found berries roots food gathered seaweed shores sea gave things needed family
boys ice look seals catch seals needed harpoons harpoon parts shaft short short shaft tipped sharp point stone ivory seal makes small holes ice air dogs found holes ice hunter scraped snow ice waited airhole stayed seal waited hunter fastened end line rawhide short shaft harpoon held fast end line seal poked small nose opening ice hunter struck harpoon harpooned seal shaft fell short point struck deep body seal hunter widened air hole dragged catch ice later pick shaft harpoon stalked ice hunting white polar bear hunter killed polar bear hunter brought home kill bear seal woman prepared hides clothes family wore chewed leather soft carefully cut skins needle carved bone sewed pieces parka fur pants eskimo hunted sea seal sea otter hunted kayak boat large
french exploring canada pere marquette louis robert de le sailed south mississippi claimed lands french king louis xiv named lands louisiana english sailors sir francis drake started pirate soon explored west coast north america explored san francisco bay escape spaniards drake sailed pacific home plymouth england voyage ferdinand magellan left spain ships sailed south america philippine islands killed fight native mate reached home ship left started eighteen returned spain columbus thought earth round sailed thirty later finally proved treasure ships loaded gold greedy pirates robbed treasure ships sailed find gold looking helped explore america spanish explorers travel find lands looking gold found took indians shipped gold home spain coronado explored west grand canyon amerigo vespucci wrote adventures sailing northern coast south america europe named america amerigo
fifty later spanish soldiers explored land found continent india ponce de leon found florida vasco balboa crossed panama white pacific hernando cortes marched mexico hernando de soto found mississippi river dias portugal passed tip africa turned storms later friend vasco da sailed africa reached india sailed china goods land trip took sailors tried find india ship venice marco polo wrote seen told wonderful things traders wanted china india wanted easy boat traveled china emperor kublai khan glad meet showed polos strange wonderful things paper printing chinese invented staying seventeen polos left china trip home leif sister married viking named visited england leif indians drove vikings wrote found writings vikings knew north america lay atlantic west europe india china lay east traders trips east horse camel bought spices silk perfumes medicines europe century traders venice named niccolo maffeo polo took niccolo teen age son trip boy marco polo
evening reynard fox left home set town steal supper hurry fell couldn tried scrambling side giving hope beginning think drowned heard footsteps looking saw hairy face goat peering edge hello goat fox reynard night drink answered fox water asked goat warm feeling thirsty water delicious answered fox tasted water don try plenty left talk goat jumped fox hoping asking goat minded scrambled help goat horns able lift safety thank friend goat reynard polite kind help goat looked top began call piteously dear didn deep going idea reynard affair didn mother tell look leap fox turned town steal leaving poor goat
timothy playing meadows lost ball presently saw lying clump nettles put hand brushing nettle badly stung cried pain ran tell mother horrid nettle stung cried timothy touched look held hand rash showing touched mother stung meddle nettle grasp firmly won hurt rub hand dock leaf remember told boldly wolf thought plan getting living easily manage live sheep run chance shepherd notice set dogs drive gun shoot took skin sheep died hills dressed carefully making sure cover grey hair slipped sheep wasn noticed night shut pen flock quiet thought cunning smile kill fat sheep meal shepherd going home remembered meant kill sheep dinner took sharp knife pen
oak tree stood hill slender reed grew foot wind blew reed swayed shook oak remained firm tree looked reed called tremble wind blows don strong reed small piping voice stand wind coward oak scornfully poor sort plant learn stand lesson oak stood hill taller stronger soon storm mighty wind blew sea terrible roaring heard gale lives oak stood firm slender reed bowed wind touched ground night wind blew morning ceased reed stood oak lay flat ground smashed force gale proud destroyed humble outlive misfortunes stag pool drink lapped cool water noticed reflection magnificent antlers slender graceful delicately curved branched pity skinny legs small feet spoil looks moment hunting horn heard pack hounds streamed hill pool huntsmen horseback instantly stag stopped drinking took heels coursed fields shelter thicket legs carried reach hounds antlers caught branches tree managed free hounds sight ran
crow sat branch tree piece cheese beak stolen farm kitchen seen open window reynard fox looked saw crow branch thought enjoy fine fresh piece cheese crow reynard crow cheese beak reynard noticed beautiful bird crow bent slightly order hear smoothness blackness coat handsome dignified feathers lovelier mind peacock gaudy don think crow interested neck reynard continued proud noble eagle knows king birds eye hawk brighter resplendent eye yes thing say worthy king birds crow preening pluming pride flattered yes sighed fox pity beauty voice knew sing poor crow voice nightingale caw listeners think bad show reynard taking deep breath closing eyes opened beak gave loud caw caw course cheese instantly fell mouth reynard caught gobbled
hot lion goat thirsty pool small goat bent head drink lion growled fiercely drink king animals goat drink found water wait till finished drink lion left nearly dead thirst haven drop answered goat quarrelled lion chased goat top rock hot goat bounded able drink peace suddenly lion stopped chasing goat looked hot blue sky goat looked circling slowly vulture animals knew feared bird death waits pounce bodies dead animals eat flesh lion goat knew stop fighting die thirst vulture pick bodies bone quarrelling lion die thirst end water drink don goat told animals quenched thirst fighting common danger threatens stop quarrelling fox walking woods heard rasping sound wonder cautiously presently clearing sharpening tusks tree trunk stood wild boar
tom splashed lazily river warm wind sun shone clear blue sky boy learnt swim properly course shouldn middle water depth suddenly discovered couldn touch bottom tom tried struggle safety saw stranger coming help shouted loudly help drown stranger slowly bank tall solemn black clothes dear dear stranger foolish boy difficulties surely knew water deep dear father mother tell deep water swim strong swimmer preaching tom poor boy drowned tom managed find place water deep able scramble bank helped breath giving lecture safe shore helping hand sermon mice met secretly safe dry cellar talk cat dreadful lately cat prowl mistress gave food milk hunted mice night moment peace
familiar liked american woodland animals raccoons parks campgrounds natural scavengers watched fed pets young enjoys friendly mischievous ways look bear raccoon bear close relation ways woods putting soles feet ground bear tree trunk forepaws dangling raccoon likes lot things eat fish berries honey raccoons fine thick coat fur soft close gray yellowish guard hairs coarser tipped black raccoon distinguishing marks mask band dark brown black straight eyes cheeks fingerlike claws bushy gray tail clearly banded black rings appealing appearance sharply pointed black snout bright black eyes erect furry ears full grown males weigh twenty pounds feet nose tip tail female slightly smaller raccoons vary size color range united states northern rockies drier parts basin largest darkest raccoons found pacific northwest eastern large lighter color smallest palest found florida raccoon choice home hollow high tree branch fallen frequently lives hollow stump log ground treeless regions cavity rocks deserted burrow animal badger skunk woodchuck
north raccoons lean winter months sleeping true hibernation woodchuck winter sleep skunk bear body temperature remains normal sluggish cold spells stay asleep weeks voices touch hand wake mild spells sleeping quarters find eat south winters warmer active round female ready raise family mating occurs december according climate annual litter born weeks later young babies small begin blind weeks born furry coat mask rings bushy tails soon seen months young eating solid food open sunbathing mothers father stay female mating mother takes excellent care children unaided thinks den discovered disturbed move babies home soon big takes night hunt food leads ponds streams shows look wild ducks nests turn stones detach mussels snails feel water slippery frogs crayfish takes prowling treetops rob birds nests eggs corn green introduces young chief pleasures raccoon teaches bend stalks break ears strip husks munch juicy grain holding ears clever fingers
early pioneer days forests cleared bears roamed countryside indians bear source meat warm blankets creature knew loved killing bear failed pay respects dead animal pioneers learned respect bear hunted told endless tales ate bear meat bear grease cooking oil sold base medicine hair tonic perfume skins blankets land cleared bears retreated wilderness areas remained seen zoos groups bears north america grizzly black bear polar bear grizzly range entirely limited western national parks alaska canada polar bear seldom seen south arctic circle black bear lives heavily wooded areas remote swamplands florida black bear black bears vary widely color female black bear black brown cinnamon black cinnamon cubs litter black bears vary size color adults weigh hundred pounds mature average adult measures feet snout tail tip thickset body leg short tail covered coarse glossy fur line head straight forehead snout eyes small close black bear black face nose tinged tan whitish patch breast bears place hind feet flat ground leave strangely manlike footprint inches toes
food scarcer skunks add leaves grasses nuts worms carrion diet able eat bees wasps nests apparently getting stung autumn comes striped skunks fed ready winter find suitable hole dark secure cavity disused burrow woodchuck fox badger cave hollow stump shelter beneath barn outbuildings farm porch garage dig den feet tunnel leading scooped chamber fill dried grasses leaves soft nest warmth winter cold share quarters skunks families adults male female winter temperatures low skunks stay sleeping dens young mothers adult males dens warm spell remain inactive months interrupted sleep bear raccoon south skunks stay ground winter spend periods colder days burrows striped skunks breed february male skunks roam seeking females fighting female carries unborn young weeks annual litter ten kits born lined den tiny weighing ounce apiece blind wrinkled hairless distinctive black white markings visible skins weeks eyes open grown furry coats eighth week weaned walking mother dusk early summer evenings single line taught look food stay family group winter sleep wander fend territory
american red fox belongs oldest widespread animal families foxes europe asia africa north america alaska entire north polar region arctic fox united states red fox ranges nearly west southwest gray foxes kit foxes fox legend fable certainly red fox tricks cleverness told thousand ancient fables american tales uncle remus countless fairy tales plays songs legends fox shrewdness cunning based fact thing fox learns quickly experience observe carefully remember situation meets profit early settlers trapped shot foxes pelts save poultry foxes soon learned ways farmers trappers animals caught killed trap skillfully baited fox free meal walk unharmed advantage fox fooling pursuers limits range area square miles territory learns stick stone hiding place yard cover network paths follows elude smartest dogs disappearing small hidden side tracks taking advantage walls streams shape land circles dogs hunters dogs foot fox strong scent tells story dog nose sensitive
annual litter cubs born weeks mating ten pups family average pups eyes open tenth stay den weeks begin appearing entrance den play looking friendly puppies stage matter color later soft short woolly coats delicate shade blue gray sharp teeth shy children pick fox parents home rear pets treated loved foxes try escape wild truly tame den carefully selected telltale mound show whereabouts foxes find woodchuck burrow badger den enlarge small entrance hole preferably exits amount cover family adult foxes living sleep open protection wind cold live sparsely wooded areas fondness operating open farm country known farmers family rear male fox model father hunts night daytime brings home kill feed cubs grow bigger leaves join hunt food
months later governor decided lead expedition try capture malacca magellan command fleet ships portuguese successful battle malacca months battle magellan secretly explored area sailing east philippine islands magellan decided sail portugal veteran warfare india africa orient poor fortunes rich spice trade helped build magellan finally returned lisbon gentlemen waiting king manuel service servant malacca won magellan cousin francisco spice islands liked stayed wasn wealthy trader wrote cousin live chance rich magellan dreams wanted increase pay rank wanted spice islands living plan begun form mind ask king permission lead fleet eastward spice islands capture portugal knew
returned portugal magellan asked king manuel weeks answer magellan longer stand suspense citizens allowed king appointment limped forward throne room members court watched asked king increase pay king refused magellan asked put command royal ship sail spice islands capture rich islands sire king refused let magellan islands private ship magellan frustrated angry asked royal highness object enter service lord king answer care magellan magellan kneeling kiss manuel ring king turned stunned magellan rose hobbled hall jeers onlookers rang ears magellan publicly disgraced defeated spice islands secretly began study maps royal found map showed strait water passage south america sail east spice islands maybe find western route flag spain soon opportunity magellan waiting served governor india close friend barbosa young spanish scholar shared magellan interest geography barbosa told wealthy father searching experienced captain lead expedition west atlantic spice islands
things smooth wealthy spanish noblemen lent king money magellan expedition insisted ships commanded spanish captains beginning captains plotted magellan later sea planned rid claim riches spice island manuel portugal learned expedition tried bribe magellan home magellan refused manuel secret agents try magellan succeeding wanted spice islands country ships anchored river seville final loading trinidad san antonio concepcion victoria santiago glistened sun masts scraped oiled sides painted yellow trimmed black red gold signal lantern swung fro magellan flagship trinidad ships splendid sight aboard magellan trust friend barbosa juan francisco brother captain santiago sailing magellan flagship young antonio italy careful account famous voyage september ships set sail southern spain stopped canary islands fast ship spain overtook magellan received secret message barbosa found plot spanish captains careful message mean kill
continents africa size area eleven millions square miles makes land surface earth bigger united states india china put millions guess counted land explored chief lakes rivers charted mountains deserts plains properly shown maps varies temperate tropical equator runs middle continent result heart africa tropical climate hot moist sunny mountains peaks snow round south africa snow winter north africa temperate warm waters mediterranean sea winters north africa cold africa richest lands diamonds half gold earth continent uranium copper tin iron minerals found cocoa beans chocolate rubber coffee cotton palm oil ivory ebony mahogany hardwoods products africa continent rich raw materials europeans settled ago control area white africa millions settlers half lived top bottom continent north africa south africa climate closest europe
egyptian kings rich owned slaves slaves dark heart africa south sahara jews members captive groups thousand christ fashionable wealthy egyptians pygmies central africa grow half feet tall later homer speaks pygmies iliad aristotle ancient roman writer pliny works apparently knowledge africa recorded beginning written history alexander added egypt empire built city alexandria center learning trade alexandria lighthouse island wonders ancient city library later destroyed julius ceasar contained thousands books written rolls papyrus students parts africa asia visited alexandria ships sailed port known alexander phoenician sailors explored north african coastline phoenician pioneers founded city carthage shore tunisia carthaginians braving vast unknown waters atlantic ocean ventured west coast africa south sierra leone inland heart equatorial africa region south remained unknown outsiders centuries early portuguese rounded cape hope ten later india vasco da visited kenya coast end middle ages trading developed africa europe european ships bringing home gold olive oil tropical fruits nuts slaves
britain early interest africa part slave trade compete dutch french portuguese ugly business selling human beings king england chartered african company england began build forts settlements africa seaboard large european powers thing entire west african coast power europeans controlled north africa portions east coast early portuguese took coast angola europeans longer gaining control vast african interior lack exploration difficulty travel drawbacks white john uganda discovered source river nile germans took cameroons belgians began rule congo later british south african company began gain control rhodesia inland territories queen beginning twentieth century africa belonged europe greatest african explorers david livingstone henry morton stanley born britain livingstone missionary stanley newspaperman livingstone studied medicine university glasgow set africa stanley born thirty later paths cross continent dramatic london missionary society david livingstone pick places setting missions help convert tribes christianity stopping slave trade
kenya population million sixty thousand cent white whites ruled country possession land british lived high plateaus climate cool england staked large farms cattle grazing meadows land africans area called white highlands productive harvests white land left native tribes arid hard cultivate areas known reserves natives moved land notice consent largest tribes kikuyu kamba masai members left overcrowded reserves sort plantation system british farmers chief products coffee tea sisal grain million kikuyu crowded thousand square miles unfertile land thousand whites occupied sixteen thousand square miles land seeking land kikuyus took arms british settlers secret society began campaign death terror crushed military whites followers arrested masses confined reserves longer openly active natives felt smoldering hatred white farmers forced sleep guns beds found natives share kenya things
republic south africa industrialized region continent congo square miles land nearly eighty times size belgium controlled june tallest watusi longest rivers congo largest uranium mine earth material produce atom bomb mine united states leading customer congo largest source industrial diamonds gold tin copper cobalt jet engines germanium transistors manganese add enormous mineral wealth palm oil hardwoods part riches exports amount belgium european power took congo belgians hoped african mine foundry workers happy making living conditions cities modern housing hospitals missionary schools built natives brought tribal areas mines industrial districts native quarters larger cities housing bright movie houses restaurants found pert colonial africa mosquitoes helicopters sprayed entire cities regularly belgian foremen officials trouble learning tribal languages task whites bothered colonies africans held office jobs acted customs officers tax collectors postal clerks worked skilled semi skilled labor races strictly
liberia child american freedom land occupies purchased american colonization society haven freed slaves twenty later liberia republic government modeled united states flag red white blue single star united states liberia congress senators representatives cabinet selected president citizens won property pay hut taxes vote women president head military forces liberia lies north equator atlantic ocean climate humid heavy rainfall land covered tropical jungles smallest countries africa size pennsylvania population millions persons descendants freed slaves settled members twenty native tribes largest tribes mandingo outsiders brought english written language primitive africa krumen enlightened fishermen seamen foreign ships voyages african west coast poor president william tubman country increased income enormously largely aid american investors firestone tire rubber company liberian mining company liberia exports rubber tires half cars manufactured united states
india triangle land reaching south continent asia indian ocean east bay bengal burma east pakistan part india west arabian sea west pakistan part india north triangle rising soaring himalayas nepal sikkim bhutan tibet india roughly divided geographical regions high slopes himalayas grazing crop raising indian plains watered indus ganges river systems north pointed peninsula narrow strips coastal plain rise deccan plateau himalayas indian plains vast desert seasonal winds start blowing indian ocean bay bengal blocked carrying rain bearing clouds himalayas snowy peaks rain clouds fall releasing water india land blossoms seasonal rains suffered skins dried hot wind called blows dust june place night rains break week july coming monsoon rainy season called dramatic hot begins scorching suddenly awareness waiting nature holding breath flick eyelid happens dry courtyard withered grass birdsong express train roar sheets rain pounding bullets hard earth
red fort delhi built moguls included palaces fort akbar tomb nearby white marble tomb wife shah mogul reign parts beauty hand mogul built mosques delhi mosque designed princess daughter shah gift city mark moguls left india harder discern traces laws remain patterns administration government moguls powerful death left part indian spirit soul lost meantime end akbar reign british east india company incorporated england charter establish trade orient later trading posts actually set parts india permission establish posts granted reigning mogul emperor son akbar james succeeded english throne agents posts called factors places called factories term mean manufacturing points residences headquarters factors factories grew modern port cities bombay calcutta madras growth natural housing clerks employees warehouses built hold goods traded fort needed protection
nation emerged settled aryan languages national language india decided allowed transfer official english chosen present eighteen states correspond nearly language areas presumably speak tongue list states languages spoken page village slang bad grammar local expressions change meanings originally pure language area villagers trouble understanding visitor hundred miles indians wanted official language feeling partly due regional loyalties dravidians states south opposition tamils understandable considers literature dates ninth century ancestors known india objections partly practical claimed words vocabulary apply adequately scientific technological subjects words today carelessly coined words clumsy artificial practical objection concerns employment affected change order jobs required learn language educated indian generally able learn language easily objection carry weight legends literature known india handed word mouth centuries festivals stem celebrated south north
ago stood slopes mount western edge arabian desert white hair flowing beard wise seeing eyes moses mountain top river jordan land lord promised moses brought children israel slavery egypt god laws live led forty wilderness land canaan flowing milk honey sight moses enter hundred twenty bible tells tired ready die appointed leader bring israelite tribes promised land canaan modern israel israel land king david king solomon hebrew prophets land jesus born died holy land jews christians read history beginnings bible present history daily papers thousand passed israel oldest newest nations lies part asia called middle east served thousands crossroads continents asia europe africa nations fought merchants east west passed camel caravans look map small large vermont water board ship weeks
airport big busy white concrete city sprawls shore mediterranean lives young david parents younger brother apartment think small family rooms bath kitchen david thinks room bed waste space country ago rooms round david balcony play lean talk friends street run flights stairs elevators city planned spread tall buildings cast shadows sunny streets david blond curly hair freckles snub nose sun speaks hebrew english language parents english speaking union south africa studying english school arithmetic science history geography city child learning things grow school garden part schoolyard paved david boys girls play ball david loves school goes public school law till thirteen hopes high school university today special school independence street celebrating
followers mohammed ruled palestine jews called israel land israel centuries jews pilgrims returned settle rest jews scattered keeping jewish religion loyal citizens countries united states jews americans catholics quakers mormons americans countries badly treated forced live special part town called ghetto surrounded wall allowed hands land tortured give religion happen jews say refused christians moslems insisted private lives keeping rules living according law bible differences costume special badges forced mysterious stories untrue grew form worship easy cruel jews scattered weak unarmed group country russia end century innocent women children killed ghettos fled america believed safe israel russian jews escaped palestine bought barren stony land arab landowners glad sell palestine soil stripped bare longer land milk honey jewish settlers began restore built settlements farms wilderness pioneers early american days
story champion hunter forest foxy began fairfax giggled quiet fairfax foxy cold winter morning taking usual brisk morning stroll floyd snickered bet till noon quiet floyd foxy saying bright early walking snow suddenly saw enemy mallard duck mean things decided maybe catch teach lesson grasp flew air moment soon left mouthful blue brown feathers taste asked fenimore quiet fenimore foxy saying duck hole ice river quick flash mallard dived hole swam ice stood looking hole forgot tail air dipped icy water knew happening hungry trout biting tail duck ice started fly flipped tail water quick wink fish hold flipped hard trout flying high air think happened asked fairfax tell foxy trout flew air hit duck duck fell ground duck fell landed top rabbit
mrs bear snorted haughtily type mrs wolf disappointed look shaggy coats invited house mrs wolf obviously looked coat lately bit ugly shaggy mrs boar didn enter mind neighbors mrs boar asked pleasantly pleased meet boar mrs fox mrs bear mrs wolf stared silently turned walked mrs boar looked husband boris sadly afraid don boar tried comfort don worry dear wasn sure boars ahead settled home mrs boar furnished nicely boar big clearing front sit evening entertain friends didn friends visit talked boar woods gathering food family met fox bear wolf smiled hello boars unhappy didn animals met mrs boar house discuss neighbors shaggy shaggy mrs wolf noisy roared mrs bear making bit noise don looks house mrs fox lived tumble rabbit burrow ignore boars till hint move ladies decided mrs bear found couldn ignore shopping son poked nose bees nest badly stung
saw rabbit tiny white tail laugh say happened tail steal enjoyed making fun dexter deer dexter say forgot wear tail morning turn slowly show magnificent pride joy red squirrel foxy fletcher fine bushy tails phineas looked rusty compared naturally feelings hurt decided someday saw opportunity phineas insulting phineas bragging boasting showing tail cleaned brushed hours couldn reach tip wife polish inches afraid fly fear brush tail branch tree bend dared water fear tail wet shrink stayed close home happen feeling bored decided hold beauty contest beautiful tail announced birds animals enter contest knew advance winner phineas showed contest waited minutes realized coming awarded prize crowned owner beautiful tail spent rest strutting bragging victory
bad manners refuse offered jasper jay busy talking didn notice happening ground foxy fletcher sneaked quietly bushes sitting foot tree looked hungrily birds wished catch couple lunch high owl owl gave foxy idea tell hector horned owl jay family hector catch give foxy hurried forest giant elm tree hector lived jasper jay coming important part lesson proper manners children sure remember talk mouth full demonstrate jasper put acorn mouth tried say bad manners sounded sounded funny jays began giggle moment hector horned owl swooped big curved beak grabbed jasper father look shrieked jays late horrified watched owl carry father treetops moment jasper surprised didn happened soon realized danger hector planning eat jasper thought fast save twisted squirmed owl clutched tighter beak hector nest getting short suddenly jasper took deep breath screeched loudly
knew psychology meant thought wonderful word agreed urged hector tell hector likes wood grouse grouchy grouchy likes makes sense bear think change hector expect start nice impossible sebastian stag hector continued compliment praise flatter happy won want criticize red squirrel trick foxy fletcher let surprise grouch elect mayor crowd began cheer marvelous idea took vote immediately grouchy grouse elected mayor forest hurried oak tree tell news grouchy sitting branch grumpily blinking red eyes muttering crowd arrived told elected mayor amazed fact speechless imagine wonderful neighbors elected mayor happy couldn think single thing complain managed smile strain face honor realized popular thank thank croaked excited voice idea happy try mayor forest
friendly animal disposition terrible snap snarl met constantly chasing small animals sad say caught wonder saw sir wicked loping trees rabbits squirrels mice run hide burrows pheasants owls birds gather families treetop nests sir wicked sight animal afraid big bad wolf wife mrs wolf bit frightened fierce looking mate fact head family told sir wicked sir wicked called henpecked husband mrs wolf spoke jump rush side yes dear say eagerly dinner say want stay home tonight care children matter plans sir wicked cancel obey wife orders smaller animals knew cowardly sir wicked terribly afraid find discovered secret reputation ruined rabbits squirrels laugh able frighten sir wicked careful let power wife winter afternoon sir wicked roaming forest howling growling scaring half death suddenly shadow fell path looked heart stopped beating stood worst enemy brutus black bear
children treated say traveled places born january parents brought rules home abroad franklin rarely spend boys girls felt especially sharp eyes keeping open think parents strict parents decided family important mother liked remind roosevelt side relatives dutch settlers grandfather holland mother delano relations raised eyebrows mentioned kin passengers aboard mayflower left england earlier family important family franklin exactly understand knew parents unusual age concerned odd fact stuck mind aunt told parents married father precisely mother james roosevelt fifty sara delano twenty older franklin thought mother beautiful woman seen help noticing father advancing age franklin small boy papa ice skating sailing enjoyed times papa health begun failing times
surely roosevelt agreed gave son target practice boy qualified crack shot soon franklin oriole woodpecker winter wren actually stuffed proved messy process decided save allowance pay job mother impressed franklin success finding birds bought display case glass doors called museum boys quickly lost interest demanding hobby mrs roosevelt thought boy obviously meant promised stop complete exhibit local birds fine gentlemanly hobby told son knew wanted respected country gentleman father took pains teach manners franklin passed twelfth birthday thirteenth mrs roosevelt began let freedom weeks passed seeing child rules visiting slowly relaxed franklin thought lonely boy addition birds hobbies sea fascinated saved pictures ships dozens favorite books history father recently stamp collecting despite activity franklin chance friends leaped delighted birthday parties big houses river liked boys visit
actually franklin uncle father married franklin half brother son franklin nephew james roosevelt junior groton poor sport disliked rosy bad reputation rub franklin boys assumed poor run family franklin irritated looked boy talked toss head stare nose wanted sure knew superior franklin realize habit understand dealing teasing simply joke getting angry called uncle frank grin join general laughter adopted policy franklin winning smile tossed head smiled tormentors older boys thought natural newcomers miserable admit roosevelt didn bad sort franklin gradually friends sensed mistrust liked stress bright side things certainly happy experiences groton months sped tried debating club found speaking front audience pleased applause speech resolved united states stronger navy distant cousin theodore roosevelt recently washington assistant secretary navy
thought neighbors hyde park heated swimming tank invited roosevelt wished roosevelt loved water swimming exercise enjoy begun going times week wonderful discovery warm water walk doctors explain roosevelt interested results reasons searched rundown hotel georgia noted remarkable warm springs gushing ground roosevelt plan operate treatment center polio patients able pay expenses law partner organizing nonprofit foundation raise funds unselfish activity roosevelt personal objective wanted spend months georgia warm springs exercising legs pool walk dry land closer objective cane steps strong arm lean hand thought ready politics fine louis howe agreed franklin run governor york position try white house al smith plan september telephoned roosevelt georgia hello frank favor al managed chosen democratic candidate president campaign going badly home
roosevelt chose frances perkins charge labor matters experience helping write york pioneering laws limited working hours protected working al smith hired earlier occurred give top post field roosevelt half jokingly told offered job al progressive fellow willing chances nerve women status al roosevelt ideas subjects moment took oath office january gloomy governor mansion took lively personality roosevelt children boarding school college constantly turning young friends governor wife enjoyed surrounded company guest rooms filled floor hallway converted movie theater news writers acquaintances dropped tea late afternoon suspected roosevelt depart georgia end january leaving lieutenant governor deal albany problems spring franklin unused greenhouse mansion grounds turned indoor swimming pool easily spend hour coldest busiest months albany legislature adjourned left weeks warm springs return felt refreshed ready plan legislative program roosevelt wanted find local problems craved carefree fun boat york fine network canals
roosevelt smile beat hoover lot predicting team howe farley believe taking chances governor york pretending idea steadily adding names list roosevelt chicago kind political club meanings word members shared objective weapon political figures known seek delegate support months preceding start party national convention common practice previous effort match pre convention campaign conducted howe farley howe bent telephone dictated letters farley road coast coast making friends message spread obvious meaning politics roosevelt clearly front runner democrat wanted listened washington forget nominating candidate number democrats reasons putting fight al smith lot friends party talked angrily roosevelt god consulted damn thing governor smith saying despite al defeat thought deserved chance run president oldtimers remembering roosevelt battle blue eyed billy twenty ago called dangerous radical west states favorite sons wanted president
grandma born frederick grandmother born ago frederick didn want born wanted exactly birthday asked want knows edward knows philip knows lee knows grandmother bailey shortly re white maybe ask grandmother sewing leaned forward listen frederick listen sharp voice stern ask hear slave frederick remember slave slaves don need birthdays frederick augustus washington bailey born maryland february knew exact born slave owned frederick owned named captain aaron anthony slaves called master master owned frederick mother frederick remembered soon frederick born master frederick mother baby frederick live grandmother bailey grandmother cabin tumble shack town windows frederick home grandmother happy grandmother bailey frederick wanted forever knew knew grandmother bailey raised children master leave grandmother thought scared frederick maybe master forget thought skinny small growing frederick remember able touch bottom branch pine tree cabin matter high stretched
grandmother left frederick place begin working slave frederick knew happy slaves big house farm kinds blacksmith shoemaker tailor carpenters weavers maids cooks slaves field hands job plant plow pick corn tobacco grown big house farm frederick learned quickly meant slave big house farm meant sleeping floor bed meant shivering winter warm clothes wear meant hungry frederick saw older slaves working dawn dark saw whipped reason reason wondered turn frederick young fields swept walks front master house barnyard clean shooed chickens vegetable garden drove cows home night wasn hard frederick grew unhappy lay awake night mind filled questions hungry dressed rags slave slave asked aunt katy cook aunt katy bad mood snapped stop asking fool questions slave asked william carpenter
frederick miss lucretia master daughters held letter hand wash sure scrub dirt husband brother written baltimore needs servant care boy figure re plenty responsibility decided send frederick spent days creek scrubbing leaving big house farm later frederick douglass wrote happiest days frederick rode baltimore looked faced forward forward didn didn care lay ahead big house farm beginning frederick felt home baltimore liked busy bustling city ways liked family serve gave food clothes warm bed sleep gave thing kindness frederick days busy ran errands master hugh auld helped miss sophia master wife called house watched tommy son evenings master hugh business miss sophia took book read aloud frederick frederick loved sound voice leaned looked book lap strange marks pages words frederick knew mean finally stand longer
frederick job abolitionists asked hired travel northern states speeches slavery frederick story exciting known hear speak morning meeting hall frederick began speak anyway opened window frederick voice loud clear carried open window street began stop listen inside frederick finished speaking hall packed frederick traveled town town northern states friends abolitionists enemies slavery allowed northern states law prejudiced negroes anyway thought negroes white frederick met prejudice places saw signs read negroes allowed trains ride special cars negroes cars called jim crow cars dirty uncomfortable dogs monkeys ride class frederick friends bitterly frederick douglass ships rule matter hot cold stormy negroes stay deck ride baggage rainy night sailor indian asked frederick knew indians ride inside knew say yes lie inside warm dry frederick douglass proudly nigger
frederick free wanted spring sailed home money money frederick idea idea liked decided print newspaper negroes speak abolitionist friends think idea frederick money run newspaper plenty brains education thought surely fail told frederick listened friends ahead wanted frederick douglass deal confidence moved family rochester york began plans newspaper call frederick thought knew slave planned run ask friends find north free land meaning place free answer follow north star sky lead freedom december copy frederick douglass newspaper north star north star told true adventures escaping slaves told friends working end slavery printed stories negro writers negroes treated badly america groups needed help women equal rights poor hungry children forced hours dark factories animals whipped death streets women children poor animals frederick douglass north star fight
frederick douglass forty fighting slavery twenty law negroes longer slaves law full citizens united states true freedom live free money education land prejudice places negroes allowed theaters hotels churches ride streetcars rode trains ride special cars places negroes allowed firemen lawyers doctors allowed hard dirty wanted true law negroes vote dare places white want black free mobs white rode night frighten negroes set fires burned homes murdered hundreds negroes cares negro newspaperman wrote care frederick douglass successful important jobs presidents senators judges asked advice famous america easy say easy forget needed help rest frederick douglass fought laws protect fought schools children jobs
light spring breeze rippled pink white magnolia blossoms mockingbird flew stately oak shaded gateway big house distance harriet tops scrubby pines growing salt marshes bay watched flock geese rose pines fanning leader formation headed northward sky stretched blue cloudless sun dazzling tops trees closed eyes picture green velvet big house lawns sloping neat fence rows hear honking geese sweet trill mockingbird murmur song talk workers fields brothers setting young tobacco plants mother soil corn straightening rows yellow wheat woods daddy ben cutting oak trees baltimore shipyards harriet imagined hear ringing impact ax smell fresh clean smell newly fallen trees cold winter spring rains green alive today running skipping rolling grass climbing trees hunting frogs eggs swamp singing birds place maryland harriet black haired black skinned slave daughter slave granddaughter slave
baby slept morning muttered wake hungry ignoring explanation miss sarah kitchen helped cook ready lunch fred butler big house carried steaming platters dining table meal stood miss sarah fetching salt butter running kitchen needed smell food harriet nostrils quiver breakfasted browned kitchen fireplace lunch supper salt pork everlastingly hungry everlastingly sick corn meal pork corn meal pork daily ration nights dreamed things eat platters chicken brown gravy frosted cakes mounds candy eyes fastened sugar bowl stared bowl fascinated master mistress engaged angry argument slowly moved scarcely hearing shouted words fingers inches precious lump dipping bowl pick sugar miss sarah turned harriet screamed satisfied careless cuff slaves mind pushing chair strode fireplace rawhide whip hung mantelpiece thinking harriet door
benjie fussed pail spring water mind wash hands re william henry told morning fetch wood fire armful won supper tonight weary boys trudged sat harriet stroked curly black hair showed bad sense gently scolded afraid harriet threw arms mother neck moment tears faces girl whispered shook head nights looking find hinges door creaked anxiously harriet mother looked coming ben sweat running dark face sack tall broad shoulders powerful arms fill cabin boys asked muskrat supper muskrats thrived swamps bay skins brought money cambridge baltimore markets muskrats belonged master worth thirty lashes slave caught trapping eating trouble shook head despairingly saw ben cheerfully insisted child needs fattening fill stomach real meat
follow source quaker lady river flowed bay formed busy harbor lined wharves fishermen huts sailing vessels loading baltimore traffic harriet walk cross country woods marshes river narrowed muddy stream safe follow eyes steady north star harriet woods traveled route times mind confidently low hanging branches tangled hair briars tore legs scarcely noticed heart full joy lips bursting song schooled tramp silence conscious rock bush conceal enemy shadow hours walked rapidly covering ground explored ago sundays daddy ben friendly owls hooted trees distance hear laughing call loon reached unfamiliar territory pace slackened picked carefully dense forest open swampy land paths places vines wild grape bittersweet looped trees densely break moon low sky stars fading harriet stopped rest traveled figured thirty miles reached tired sipped water creek stretched mossy ground
devil wench gruff voice swore gotten edwards saw hunn carriage give companion counseled fingers front faces headed wilmington sure pick morning grunting assent horsemen trotted slowly direction wilmington double tracks road longer safe feeling hands outstretched harriet stumbled adjacent fields blackness night climbed fences waded streams sloshed bogs yards forced crawl underbrush find highway sure heading north somber night morning mist harriet outlines bridge east rocky ground sloped upward climbed feel smooth cold marble tumbled ground fought awake felt light tap shoulder hand slid bag hunting john knife pull friendly voice whispered bring ticket railroad harriet ticket suit clothes rake dress hair concealed overalls cap walked bridge companion clearly negro workingmen jobs city wilmington street thomas garrett lived guide left
walking park told harriet routes eastern branch underground railroad converged philadelphia traffic human cargo sea land foot coaches steam cars passed office slavery society black conductors mountains kentucky white shadow capitol dome washington sea captains orleans run shipped freight daily mail warned expect large packages small bales black wool god poor secretary society careful record package journal held bondage treated prompted escape dear left chains explained re settled farms hudson valley seacoast towns england touch underground railroad able buy wives children hire conductor lead families north stories key unlocking door months harriet yes ma words poured hopes dreams loneliness north knew told prison twenty thinking home counting months days till free family friends
december columbus italian sailing spanish flag discovered america italian set voyage exploration giovanni da verrazano sailed banner francis king france francis rulers eager discover passage north america rich east indies cathay orders da verrazano find route da verrazano crew frenchmen french captain antoine de sailed important port northern france english channel headed channel atlantic offer weather seafaring north atlantic winter rough stormy sailed south madeira islands turned west cross ocean ship course sailing vessel columbus broad deep masts high sides bow stern rising main deck middle march da verrazano reached north american coast carolinas sailing south distance fifty leagues wrote later report king francis turned sailed northward coast passed york harbor mouth hudson river reached nova scotia returning july early france lagging nations europe exploring strange mass land lying western sea blocking passage orient spain portugal england ships voyages exploration early france hardy fishermen fishing waters newfoundland france tardy arriving try set colonies explore america truly trailblazers
small ships jacques cartier set voyages daring french sailor da verrazano voyage earlier orders king francis set course newfoundland francis wished search northwest passage lands france gold riches cartier sailed gulf st lawrence landed peninsula mouth st lawrence river ashore claimed land france sailed st lawrence site montreal cartier thought broad st lawrence sought northwest passage pass fully understand immense size continent cartier returned st lawrence conquer indian tribe believed possess treasure succeed find gold riches brought ship france loaded iron pyrites called fool gold quartz crystals thought diamonds find northwest passage lay claim vast lands foundation france empire explorers carve wilderness france lose interest trouble fishing waters north atlantic newfoundland frenchmen fishing fishermen countries began enter area french looked place dry catch chose peninsula claimed france cartier ashore began trading indians furs began colorful important era history america
father louis la trips exploration exploring illinois captured indians minnesota country discovered falls st anthony minneapolis specialized waterfalls thought white describe niagara falls la eventually abandoned vision passage orient convinced land wealthier france champlain realized france hold simply planting flags virgin soil burying ground leaden disks bearing date arms france settlers needed occupy vast area permission french government versailles established fort crevecoeur fort heartbreak present peoria white settlement illinois established fort saint louis utica illinois small trading post southern tip lake michigan eventually chicago built fort homme memphis stands la france supplies settlers colony planned establish mouth mississippi returning ships colonists la fatal mistake landed bay texas thinking mouth mississippi set march overland mississippi followers mutinied shot la vision courage proud haughty inconsiderate faults finally brought end efforts found permanent flourishing french colony france
century political refugees fleeing form french government continued america charleston south carolina received hundred refugees revolution santo domingo added exiles france established french theater attempted french newspaper argued politics warmly inclined stay exiles orleans included company actors louisiana later cuba originally santo domingo french refugees forced cuba napoleon war spain royalist refugees french politics twisted turned exiles especially generals officers served napoleon bonaparte accused betraying king colorful distinguished group began coming united states awhile exciting rumors napoleon aided stephen girard escaped guarded exile bleak island st helena fled america certainly brothers joseph jerome joseph acquired acres land york intended refuge napoleon number vague plots rescuing emperor ended exile st helena jerome bonaparte married american elizabeth patterson baltimore maryland jerome returned europe son jerome napoleon bonaparte founded american bonaparte family son charles joseph bonaparte secretary treasury attorney general president theodore roosevelt story alabama town exists french origins disappeared part
half colonists living atlantic coast began spill appalachian mountains wide plains found white living descendants explorers fur traders helped carve france wilderness indian tribes frenchmen original settlers northwest territory mississippi valley territory east mississippi transferred france england french indian war french women stayed settlements lived generation french catholic settlements vincennes indiana kaskaskia illinois st louis missouri part united states clustered trading post stockade keeping alive customs language living carefree easygoing existence civil war traveling indiana illinois french settlements narrow lanes houses low roofs look house garden surrounded stone wall fence lived villages farmed fields surrounded towns european manner farmers journey villages fields common lands owned villagers center village activity church adjoining convent school indifferent farmers french settlers gay fond dancing music fiddles traded furs especially northern states minnesota wisconsin flourishing fur trading business lasted civil war completely die minnesota war
influence france american culture measure french philosophers voltaire rousseau believed equality read leaders colonial america helped shape nation later american artists paris study french painters sculptors later war group american expatriate writers ernest hemingway scott fitzgerald paris produced profoundly influenced american literature french greatly influenced american manners fashions cooking early taverns inns began called hotels cooks bakers chefs eating places renamed restaurants french immigrants introduced breads yeast artichokes pierre poppa famous french chef united states worked york restaurant opened restaurant ran classic french tradition large numbers immigrants france united states teachers college university professors tutors private school high school teachers cooks chefs course domestic servants demand part wealthy americans french chauffeurs governesses ladies maids war ii brought paying jobs vital war industries drew domestic service french transplanted industries france united states fashion designers clothing manufacturers perfume cosmetic business names french americans found phases american ranging arts military science
ring ring making resolutions change ahead january united states government announced resolution important change civil war fought issues led war slavery america president abraham lincoln issued emancipation proclamation document freed slaves territories war union end civil war slaves actually able achieve emancipation lincoln document promised robert henry takes office mayor springfield ohio henry victory polls november black mayor ohio look peanut important think think eating making peanut butter dr george washington carver america leading scientists experimented peanut found hundred products including wood dyes soap linoleum plastics flour paint ink kinds oil dr carver worked improve economy south experiments peanut sweet potatoes soybeans cotton stalks york january known carver dr carver personal belongings scientific papers housed carver museum campus tuskegee institute alabama served director agricultural research marian anderson black singer perform metropolitan opera makes debut verdi masked ball york times reports event front page
paul cuffe love sea sailor teens later turned energies shipbuilding established successful business cuffe wanted improve living conditions black americans bedford born black children schools allowed school whites provide children education cuffe built school hired teacher opened doors black youngsters bedford early led movement resettle black americans africa succeeded establishing special colony called friendship society sierra leone small british colony western coast africa movement ended cuffe died september cuffe grandson horatio howard erected foot monument memory paul cuffe massachusetts small village cuffe birthplace daniel hale williams thirty president grover cleveland named surgeon general freedom hospital washington serving government hospital cook county hospital chicago st luke hospital chicago dr williams performed successful heart operation record williams born holidaysburg pennsylvania john johnson busiest american publishing company owns publishes major magazines negro digest ebony tan jet johnson born arkansas city arkansas teenager attended du sable high school chicago editor school paper class yearbook find magazines newsstands libraries united states constance baker motley black woman appointed federal judge
augusta institute opens atlanta georgia later morehouse college school attended reverend martin lutheran king jr public funeral services dr king conducted morehouse april sleet jr winner pulitzer prize photography received award photograph mrs martin luther king jr daughter bernice funeral services dr king atlanta april photograph widely newspapers magazines captures grief courage mrs king sleet born kentucky graduated kentucky college school modern photography york city received master degree journalism york university war ii instructor photography maryland college sleet assignment magazine worked ebony magazine lives baldwin island york southern christian leadership conference organized date dr martin luther king jr president headquarters atlanta georgia aims provide full citizenship rights total integration negro american seeks end segregation nonviolent direct action economic boycotts protest demonstrations marches sit ins advocates nonviolent direct action believe resort violence confronted violent opponents seek change calling public attention feel social political economic injustices reverend ralph president assassination dr king medal annual award presented national association advancement colored ernest biologist conducted research fertilization cell division
joe louis born joseph louis barrow sharecropper shack lafayette alabama moved detroit young boy professional fight took place won heavyweight bout jack louis paid bout career carried heavyweight championship louis retired boxing fought bouts won earning nickname brown bomber civil rights leader charles evers wins democratic primary mayor fayette mississippi evers unopposed general election june election assured spite fayette small population thousand including twelve hundred blacks victory black candidate mississippi significant shows effects intensive black voter registration drives national urban league formed george edmund haynes black sociologist help blacks adjust city league voluntary community service agency civic professional business labor religious leaders dedicated ending segregation discrimination based creed color national association advancement colored league black white members period beginning war ii numbers black sharecroppers left south advantage job opportunities large northern cities migration continued today national urban league tries provide newcomers educational job opportunities whitney young jr headed organization executive director malcolm born malcolm famous leader religious movement named nation islam called black muslims organization formed detroit black muslims letter replace family names white slave owners slaves
california born henry lewis black musical director american symphony orchestra taking leadership jersey symphony lewis associate director los philharmonic roland hayes born georgia black concert artist receive acceptance united states hailed music critics called greatest tenor born america charles drew doctor scientist born washington discovery process change blood plasma saved thousands lives war ii american red cross set blood donor stations collect blood plasma armed forces drew appointed director project later chief surgery department howard washington career ended abruptly april killed automobile accident research continues save lives roy innis born st croix virgin islands united states age twelve lived family harlem york city attended college city york majored chemistry october elected chairman harlem chapter congress racial equality june replaced floyd executive director national chapter gwendolyn brooks born topeka kansas spent chicago age thirteen wrote poem called eventide accepted american child magazine encouraged continue writing gwendolyn brooks black person win pulitzer prize awarded honor book poems entitled annie allen published bronzeville boys girls collection poems children
walter white born atlanta georgia civil rights leader national association advancement colored awarded medal personal investigation forty lynchings skill lobbying federal antilynching bill president truman white active forming naacp served organization executive secretary died march york city thurgood marshall studied lincoln university setting dental student change mind entered howard university law school graduated top class marshall joined staff national association advancement colored chief legal counsel cases brought court involved racial segregation public schools case brown board education brought supreme court raised question segregated schools offering inferior education black children later court ruled segregated education unequal reversing separate equal policy established decision plessy ferguson case marshall federal judge united states court appeals circuit black serve solicitor general united states later president lyndon johnson appointed supreme court making black justice court president lyndon baines johnson signs law civil rights bill strong provisions secure equal access public accommodations employment slavery abolished york tuskegee institute single shack thirty students faculty booker washington opened tuskegee alabama washington moves school training black teachers acre plantation george washington carver joined faculty director agricultural research today tuskegee covers nearly acres buildings internationally known agricultural research
george visited lawrence lawrence planter soldier taught young soldiers virginia drill fight american colonies virginia ruled england soldiers someday want soldier george told lawrence quiet gray gray father horse george loved ride suddenly george remembered spring ago home visiting cousins swift rider brought news george father sick days dead george missed father taught ride broad rolling virginia fields clap thunder big gray horse shied george legs tightened frightened animal race storm gray cried full gallop rain pelting reached shelter barn george swung saddle saw wet horse lawrence shouted moment legs flying ran older brother lawrence standing dining room younger brothers sisters crowding lawrence looked especially george grown inch big planter lawrence turned george mother george home visit asked ready minutes george answered happily mother laughed tomorrow dry
cold november george set ride party christopher gist woodsman guide rode rough mountain trails ohio country rains snows bad traveling miles george wrote friendly indian chiefs named half king white thunder helped find reached french fort george gave letter french commander commander polite george answer firm country belongs france commander englishman trade george told christopher warn governor french build forts spring trip hard slow weather grew worse horses weak feeble grew able travel george wrote later george knew hurry decided nearest woods foot george christopher left follow hurried hard walking snow deep troubles place called murdering town indians lain wait george wrote fired fortunately missed walked rest night reach finally broad allegheny river big flat cakes ice bobbed black swift water raft christopher able cross worked build raft sun set finished poled raft black water swift current carried downstream suddenly raft lurched george slipped look shouted christopher late george thrown icy water caught raft took strength pull raft swept land island
george helped guide braddock army west mountains soldiers nearing french fort french indians struck opened fire tall grass trees rocks savage indian war cries rang air english soldiers fired enemy french bullet ripped george hat bullets cut uniform horses shot killed english soldiers lost battle sadly army retreated virginia george unhappy losing battle special reason glad home called pretty young widow martha martha smiled tall young colonel danced think happier horse dance floor martha teased george falling love war france english virginia marched french fort general forbes commander asked george lead virginia soldiers march ended victory english french burned fort fled england control ohio country soon english won george home pretty martha waiting january cheerful fires burned house hum voices laughter quiet minister married george martha young colonel washington smiled happily bride busy began george mount vernon barn fence shed needs repairing told martha george happy family martha husband died leaving children jackie girl patsy younger jackie patsy mount vernon lively place soon jackie ride stepfather
late spy washington camp news british getting ready leave philadelphia british knew american army getting stronger knew french ships soldiers help americans decided retreat york british soldiers marched philadelphia jersey burning heat settled chance attack washington americans attacked british village monmouth sharp crack american rifles cut blanket heat fight battle raged training valley forge showed americans fought big british army standstill british retreated york slowly tide war turning british army stayed york british fleet harbor dare attack york washington wrote congress strong months washington ready attack south virginia british big army commanded lord cornwallis washington saw chance victory soldiers attack land told officers french helping fleet close sea americans french trapped cornwallis yorktown roar cannon began shell shell ripped british lines british army escape october british surrendered washington ordered soldiers stand road yorktown warm sunny washington rode head line thoughts war remembered hard marches bitter defeats remembered soldiers died powerful british army victory america drums beat distance british marching yorktown
capital united states york big parade city streets harbor crowded ships flying flags gun salute fired soldiers marched cheered saw washington big yellow coach drawn cream colored horses president act asked afraid president turn king fine folk spoil general soldier wrote greater rode dusty boots soon stopped worrying washington act king try run country asked leaders ideas chose country help took trips north south wanted find thinking government united states washington knew government important future planned actions carefully government america began grow factories hummed nation farm crops filled big barns george washington led country war led peace planned stronger government wrote powers called constitution united states constitution congress laws courts settle arguments laws mean constitution president head government carry laws congress knew trusted elected george washington president
alexander hamilton thomas jefferson president closest advisers led parties argued ideas soon bitter enemies wish hamilton jefferson washington want country need soon washington face problem government needed money congress passed tax laws law pay tax making whisky western pennsylvania angry tax cried fight pay guns tax important test washington laws united states obeyed washington called united states soldiers uniform march mountains western pennsylvania revolt ended battle washington deal troubles abroad france england war americans wanted help france remembered france helped america win freedom england president washington spoke country fought independence stay independent strong help countries angry george washington stood firm trouble spain spain held port orleans mouth mississippi river spain let ships united states river trade countries washington thomas pinckney settle troubles spain waited anxiously news washington birthday february gave chance forget worries country celebrated president birthday church bells rang cannons fired crowds flocked president house martha punch cake ready news arrived treaty spain signed birthday present washington told martha spain says americans mississippi river west cheer news
modern france free republic head president elected members parliament local officials turn elected parliament houses national assembly senate president appoints premier council ministers help wars ii republic france fought united states war ii joined united nations nato french spell nato backwards backwards initials stand north atlantic treaty organization organisation du du today france important member organizations western europeans helping solve common problems speed progress find pioneering efforts later let france land look visit farmers deal farmland north northwest pass fields waving barley wheat oats rye row row artichokes asparagus peas spinach spring wonder tends farmhouse sight sign crossroads pointing nearby village follow find farmers houses grouped winding narrow main street tiny walled courtyard separates house street courtyard crowded chickens tractors piles firewood manure farmer squat stone stucco house crisscrossed beams dark wood home goes tend crops fertile fields surround village
journeying country run kinds weather united states summer days hot puffy clouds moving slowly west east thunderstorms strike late afternoon evening mist fog blow land spring fall winter bleak gray snow united states thermometer dropping freezing south france rainy season dry season rarely snow rivers run lowlands floods french rivers mountains raging torrents loire begins massif central meuse starts plateau west seine flows paris canal section rhine rises alps separates parts france germany rhone begins alps jura garonne pyrenees part massif central french built dams hold force rivers force electricity industries asked schoolboy le town center france country makes tell steel asked question cousin northeast tell iron child north coast say father coal miner coal iron french built largest steel industry big suit oxygen recently found steel faster
july tremendous parade marches street july important french national holidays important french fourth july washington birthday put reason celebrates french stormed bastille french children enjoy morning watch parade marching uniform tune martial music tanks rumble parade airplanes fly overhead holiday celebrated country course biggest parade paris head comes famous astride shiny black horses guards wear scarlet black white uniforms silvery helmets heads later units paratroopers wearing jaunty black berets tank corps green berets naval cadets dressed sparkling white unit african camel corps parade ended low flying jets zooming hundred feet marchers jet lets trail smoke side trail streams blue smoke side streams red smoke middle white smoke soon streams spread crowds watching parade cheer red white blue french flag hanging smoke air overhead hum national anthem watch flag written revolution stirring music sounds bugles blowing group sailors seaport sing called marseillaise
rene young frenchman left senegal west coast africa find timbuktu careful preparations learned speak arabic pretended moslem story say egyptian moslem captured france explain trying homeland thought win trust local african moslems act disguise worked attached caravan headed timbuktu ill fever reduced begging funds soon reach timbuktu april stayed timbuktu weeks joining caravan headed northward largest desert sahara north africa journey sahara filled terrible hardships disguise poor moslem pilgrim obliged walk animals caravan tormented thirst hunger blazing sun days bitter cold nights survived handouts beg dragged fez return trip france journey days covered miles foot rene completed journey alive barely alive sensation hailed scholars honored royalty rewarded prizes pensions achievement caused sort excitement modern astronaut return journey outer space
families linked families produce larger organization called clan nation included clans clan occupy village grew powerful wage war capture slaves servants freemen force surrounding villages pay tributes powerful clans win allegiance tribute thousands large areas clans called royal imperial clans ruled empires major part organized sudanese centered religious observances dances prayers songs special rituals traditional religions sudanese believed creator high god caused things believed universe inhabited hundreds lesser gods spirits finally believed mysterious magic powers creator god spirits evil religious specialists priest magicians asked gods spirits help crops defend villages enemies kings rulers thought special gifts powers gods seventh century group invaders swept north africa causing important sahara sudan invaders arabs desert tribesmen united faith faith islam meaning submission allah god founded prophet mohammed mecca medina cities arabian peninsula cities islam sacred teachings mohammed preserved koran holy book islam followers mohammed called moslems submit determined convert infidels ways islam force
arab conquerors middle east swept north africa arrived africa western coast arab advance halted temporarily water edge narrow strait gibraltar lay spain rest christian europe arab warriors going let narrow strip water stop conquered morocco called moors arabs heard prize worthy attention negro kingdom south sahara seemingly inexhaustible supply gold arabs definitely interested getting hand look split forces columns northern force crossed strait gibraltar invade spain column strike southward caravan routes sahara seek source sudanese gold arabs moorish converts islam invasion spain proceeded splendidly forces islam spilled iberian peninsula penetrated pyrenees mountains southern france halted battle tours southern invasion column started ghana arab forces irresistible northern invasion southern expedition success fact invasion ghana turned flop surprise desert warriors attack repelled powerful ghanaian army arabs invasion force promptly thought thing gave idea conquest settled western sudanese towns joined berbers traders
ranks fierce desert tribesmen tribes remained united common common enemy accomplished goal fell fighting death abu bakr power south sahara simply fell stay ghana short proved disastrous ghana rulers tried re establish control ghanaian empire ran problems states broken domination kingdoms songhay mandingo declared independence groups converted islam interested rejoining pagan kingdom twelfth century proud ghanaian empire decayed disintegrated individual groups fought constantly finally southern branch established rival kingdom city pagan kings tried re create ghanaian empire powerful kings sumanguru member clan sumanguru brought army conquered previous conquerors sumanguru demanded heavy taxes residents city sumanguru kingdom army defeated forces rising power western sudan mandingo kingdom called mali later victorious conquered sacked ghana empire vanished furious invasion moslem shattered empire ghana repair empire faced death process born
victory left mali powerful western sudan mali found strong position leader sundiata gracefully retire wars known defeat job extending boundaries empire left sundiata able followers including generals army generals appointed military governors conquered regions provinces empire mali demonstrate loyalty emperor governors gifts rice millet arrows lances sundiata sundiata devoted attentions laying firm foundation empire mali grow prosper moved capital niani city birth niani worked re establish central government provide peace order empire turmoil war completely disrupted trade commerce western sudan mali controlled gold fields sundiata quickly saw profitable trans gold salt trade restored golden wealth mean prosperity mali meant ghana major concern sundiata agriculture empire dream powerful lacked adequate food supply sundiata soldiers war fight put clearing land farming purposes practiced form slash burn agriculture fields burned clear grass bushes tree stumps newly cleared farmlands planted grains cotton calabashes peanuts crops addition soldiers turned farmers taught care feeding poultry cattle
financial system mali essentially ghanaian empire bigger mali taxes biggest source income government system course required prosperous trade commerce mansa representatives taxes efficiently collected accounts mali land plenty plenty fertile soil mali farmers grew sorghum rice taro yams beans onions raised poultry cattle sheep goats plenty game meat nice tasty hippopotamus steak didn hippopotamus meat substitute wild buffalo elephant crocodile wild animals killed spears poisoned arrows addition food crops cotton grown parts mali quantities cotton cloth clothing plants baobab tree gave white meal breadmaking medicinal liquid red dye industrious mali skillfully put country resources large city middlesized village craftsmen woodcarvers silversmiths goldsmiths blacksmiths weavers tanners greatest source income government mali agriculture manufacturing trade replaced ghana greatest power western sudan mali took trans gold salt trade protect important trade routes maghreb western sudan mansa musa established friendly commercial relations sultan fez morocco empire mali morocco practically door neighbors mali boundaries pushed northward include salt mines borders ghanaian empire
ago count earth sky sun moon stars space space huge shapeless mass hung suspended color hard soft water land blade grass tiniest living things knows mass hung motionless barren vastness stayed forever live invisible force existed midst chaos force nature discovered millions seeds lay hidden hot thick bulk passed nature appalled dreadful waste wondered give form finally appealed god scarcely aware tremendous mass tiny speck listened nature agreed help word separated earth sea heavens deafening clap thunder spoke word flames leapt high air formed skies beneath air arose earth heaviest sank bottom seas boiled swirled enormous hot waves higher mountains washed air settle din rushed madly deafening heavens jet black shot streaks fire earth lay quiet barren dead nature realizing god finished task seas skies tamed exist pled lesser god help
vulcan artist son jupiter juno born lame handicap learned art working metals architect smith chariot builder gods building houses shining brass designing golden shoes enabled walk water air move place place speed wind shod steeds whirled celestial chariots air miraculous endowed chairs tables design motion move rooms story caused result quarrel jupiter incensed vulcan taking juno part dispute flung heavens falling landed island lemnos sacred juno jupiter wife scold tall regal looking times apt interfere things iris goddess rainbow personal attendant messenger peacock favorite bird pride splendor cupid small mischievous god love son venus loved mother dearly accompanied bows arrows shot darts hearts gods causing fall love person saw grew remaining child mother wanted minerva goddess wisdom mother sprang jupiter head fully armed wise kind chose owl favorite bird deceived sage thoughtful expression tasks weave cloth robes worn goddesses sat shade olive trees weaving soft colorful materials assisted graces thalia graces frivolous pretty girls enjoyed presiding banquets social gatherings elegant considered manners social arts extremely important
god wine peaceful jovial god famed lawgiver promoter civilization liked sit hall palace eating drinking talking muses daughters jupiter mnemosyne known memory chosen arts province calliope muse epic poetry clio history chose lyric poetry melpomene liked tragedy graceful terpsichore loved choral dances song sentimental erato preferred love poetry studious urania selected astronomy frivolous thalia enjoyed comedy presided song prompted memory honor mother fates spun thread human destiny carried scissors cut pleased names punished secretly criminal escaped law won courts sin stung conscience avenging goddess represented anger gods proud insolent lesser gods goddesses pan god flocks shepherds dwelt arcadia mountainous region contentment reigned satyrs deities woods fields covered bristly hair horns grew heads feet goats grotesque fellow god laughter cold grasping god wealth lars household gods attending welfare prosperity family lars supposed spirits mortals
lived boy named phaeton son apollo nymph clymene proud noble birth boasted schoolmates laughed idea ordinary boy son god phaeton enraged companion doubt ran mother heavenly birth give mother proof clymene stretched arms skies swore call witness sun looks told truth speak falsely let behold light needs labor inquire land sun rises lies demand son phaeton wild delight mother prepared journey traveled india lies directly sunrise full hope neared place father began course palace sun rested columns purest gold set glittering jewels ceilings polished ivory doors silver vulcan built apollo magnificent thing walls earth sea skies represented sea nymphs playing waves riding backs fishes lying rocks drying soft green hair earth complete detail cities forests fields carved exactly tinted glorious colors lay beautiful heavens door bore twelve signs zodiac side phaeton climbed steep ascent palace entered hall
phaeton looked earth grew pale knees shook terror wished touched father horses learned parentage begged drive chariot wanted kneel pray dare loose reins looked vainly goal began mad ride ahead realms sunset fright forgot names horses saw extending arms tail crooked claws stretching signs zodiac courage failed sight creature reeking poison menacing fangs reins fell hands horses felt slack backs dashed unknown regions sky stars hurling chariot pathless places high heaven earth moon saw astonishment brother chariot running beneath clouds began smoke mountain tops broke flames fields parched plants withered trees ablaze fire spread cities burned trapped houses perished flames athos taurus mountains covered magnificent trees white hot torches ida celebrated lovely fountains dried peaks blazed fiercely rhodope forced part snowy crown caucasus pinus crackled heat alps apennines lost clouds
jupiter assumed human shape taking son mercury journeyed phrygia mercury left wings god presented door door weary travelers seeking rest shelter found doors closed late inhospitable inhabitants bother let small thatched cottage feeble woman husband lived kindly couple ashamed poverty strangers knocked door bade enter seat bustling attentive spread cloth begged guests sit raked coals ashes kindled fire fed leaves dry bark scanty breath blew flames brought split sticks dry branches corner broke small kettle collected pot herbs garden shred stalks prepared pot reached forked stick flitch bacon hanging chimney cut small piece put pot boil herbs bowl filled warm water guests wash host visitors talked amicably bench designed guests cushion stuffed seaweed laid cloth produced occasions spread lady apron set table trembling hands table fixed rubbed sweet smelling herbs set chaste minerva olives berries preserved vinegar added radishes cheese eggs lightly cooked ashes
greece poor country goats donkeys horses cattle grows grain places flat land famous fruits grapes olives greeks olive oil cooking lamps soap ate raisins olives bread goat milk cheese fish vegetables drank wine mixed water lived simply lives held plenty adventures greek houses small bare doors winter wet stormy spring comes days grow clear hillsides gay millions flowers summer warm cloudless hot wind blows sea sky brightest blue air clear greece land love beauty land belonged greeks coves islands hard combine single greek home town called city walls defense farmland district big outlying villages city free govern plenty quarrels cities greeks active enjoyed fight spoke language customs prayed gods city island greatest city city athens need give idea greeks dull learn smaller poorer
later greeks say homer blind minstrel greek cities asia minor minstrel wandering storyteller chanted poems playing small harp called lyre learned trade small boy acting servant minstrel listening poems knew heart soon grew eager pick songs minstrels minstrel combined added stories knew changing suited turn taught boy traveled hundred end achaean age minstrel think shaped iliad odyssey played game person whispers sentence neighbor ear whispers heard person row end find heard sentence spoke beginning iliad odyssey thought result game told deal times minstrels age achaeans stories started fact scholars trojan war king agamemnon boy called heinrich book father christmas book historical tales legends picture troy burning king agamemnon
stories croesus greeks told greek historian fine collector stories adds persian king cyrus put croesus death heard call solon asked croesus told solon counted happy dead cyrus impressed wisdom forgave croesus advisers tales true show history solon croesus real real contrast greek idea splendor asian kingdoms greeks knew hard content health children neighbors luck wanted citizens memory alive death think wealth happy impressed kings difficult greeks asiatics looked kings nobles born rule reason important notice croesus conquered greek cities coast asia minor found empire hugest size seen son cyrus conquered egypt king darius greatest ruled empire stretched north india question future greeks defend freedom mighty persians
actors easier custom strange actors greek drama played masks separate character mask perfectly easy glance role actor playing masks convenient days stage lighting easy actor expression top rows seats masks carved painted care show kind character belonged highly colored easy distance mouths open actor heard eyes slitted transparent move remember greek drama grew dancing chorus trained dance sing compare modern ballet understand enjoyed think aeschylus brought actor put women female parts stopped actors playing masks written play prose verse remember sacred god liked aeschylus need freedom modern writers let look plays order prometheus bound opens god fire demons hideous masks express brutal natures enemy zeus rock
seen boy athens taught homer music athletics teens received military training thought grown soon found deal learn age pericles sophists wise athens greek ready teach return fee young starting wanted ahead thing learn art persuading needed politics law business nowadays hear say true follow seeing follow sophists taught logic study rules argument showing follows follow happens explain sophists taught grammar helps say mean taught group thoughts interesting taught voice production days letters written speeches took place daily papers sophists showed think talk entirely forget think talk paid lectures sophists taught wanted athenian sophist twelve older socrates gave lectures mathematics astronomy grammar poetry music heroic age handicrafts making discoveries geometry bad list
young plenty free plato left sophists listen socrates unlike clever young found socrates amusing plato loved soul brilliance plato mind natural goodness fitted understand older socrates sure knew goodness trouble think worse daily try general tries win war politician tries stay power wise statesman works country clearly seldom thinks mankind rest things fun angry reason knew goodness taught socrates plato found think statesman poet truth written set plays talking socrates poet understand tore murder socrates felt disgusted democracy felt wrong trust government ignorant hand seen bad dictator plato growing eager part politics aware ideas government wanted
think large apartment house seen think family built modern america family build home clothing divided members society workers machines help jobs apartment houses built modern america land bought architects hired draw plans apartment house drawings show parts building materials architect plans shown members city government city planners government study plans apartment house suitable area city planners try building makes city place think job city planner important city planner decide plans building bad plans approved building underway likely land buildings torn group workers building site machines steel balls knock buildings clear land ready move job special group workers comes measure site pound stakes ground mark exactly apartment house stand mark spaces sidewalks lawns playgrounds driveways parking lots workers machines dig huge hole foundation workers build basement
live united states national government likes american citizens live ten head household united states asked fill special form form called census census questions question census asks living staying household question asks born census forms filled government knows number living nation knows fast population growing knows live united states think important things past americans lived small towns large cities small towns country surround called rural areas today americans live city rural area large city suburbs surround city called metropolitan area census shows ten americans live metropolitan areas move city want find jobs hundreds jobs city offices factories jobs taxi drivers doctors teachers firemen store owners builders move city live friends attend large university move enjoy excitement city city busy crowded noisy place early morning late night cars trucks fill streets noise repairing streets hurry sidewalks planes roar city
city live live suburbs remember called commuters travel cars buses trains commuters travel helicopters large cities special commuter trains run morning night commuters spend hours riding don live city feel worthwhile living suburbs traveling distance live suburbs reasons cities homes needed room city choose live suburbs want live plenty trees grass want live room children play want live streets noisy crowded suburbs large cities growing growing starting form super cities look pictures pages show suburbs large cities parts united states ways suburbs similar city ago living suburbs deal shopping city wanted things found city large department stores special shops today buy need nearby shopping centers past america lived farms families needed grow part food workers needed farms
speak birds cry warnings dogs howl tree frogs sing spring say things tomorrow school give hammer yellow handle hammer human makes variety tools beavers tails teeth build dams birds build nests spiders build beautiful webs decide build special tool help build fire start control put learn things teach learning teaching important born instincts built patterns behavior tell wren sing spider build web beaver build dam oriole build hanging nest goose fly south autumn wonder animals animal wonders dogs howl moon wonder moon green cheese believe moon daughter sun soon learned difference living things things alive tell cat stone dandelion later learned things hurt couldn cut head dandelion shouldn cat gradually learned divisions living things plants animals decided animal plant
let pretend digging indian cliff village arizona order village shovel lot dirt measure place going dig pound stakes ground guide start digging ten foot square takes job handles shovel shaker screen sift dirt carefully scrapes inch dirt tosses screen shakers jiggle screen dirt falls click click screen clicking rocks coca cola bottle caps scraping sifting click brass cartridge rifle civil war find dirt feet rattle screen makes look uncovered broken piece pottery indian object digging screening find photographed written exactly deep deeper dig older things find find piece pottery feet original floor house house built pot indian village find room roof built logs tried count rings log tree stump tree grows ring bark
limestone cut hill south africa workmen discovered skull looked ape skull dr robert dart examined child skull child south africa scientists believed theory scientist dr robert broom heard find boy south africa seen strange objects embedded rock rock knock loose dr broom boy school found sitting classroom fossil teeth pocket school boy took found teeth dr broom found fossils sort important finds dr leakey wife olduvai gorge deep canyon east africa dr broom leakeys found fossils kinds hominids kind feet tall heavyset big skull wide face huge jaws kind smaller weighing hundred pounds slender build feet tall strangely kind believed ancestor makes anthropologists think smaller kind ancestor larger kind died think fellow changed big million smaller grown bigger bones modern higher levels olduvai gorge remains disappear replaced fossils similar java
search early found bones tools find color eyes color skin shape nose bones early alike bones neanderthal europe bones neanderthal palestine iraq cro hunters differed hunters type began develop differences races soon appeared explain differences arose children look parents comes patterns genes genes tiny chemicals plants animals seeds genes children grow basic form parents dandelion seeds grow dandelions giraffes baby giraffes children resemble parents exactly parents differ children inherit traits parent father tall blue eyes mother short brown eyes grow short blue eyes inherited combination genes parents combination answer greater change mutation mutation sudden change gene pattern growth chemical gene mutations heat chemicals rays radiation atomic bombs mutations important type change basic explaining inherited differences began group animals genes rest mutations combinations stage set
early developed ability speak language teach children learned think invent stone knives discover fire learn warm animal skin survive language tell remember neanderthal style chipping stone knives spear points positive language teach chip stone neanderthal invent style toolmaking language saves trouble don experience order learn put hand fire hurts don mother tell touch hot stove learn likely taught began speak advantage animals speak imagine hunting party leader says circle antelope chase shoot teamwork requires language soon speak pass children skills learned children hunters ate ate grew stronger survived children spread land language gave chance increase language helped manlike thing language let tell stories told stories brave big bear killed told big fish caught
yes course changing parents bit children america meet married children stayed village norway greece scotland married america generation helps change decide space ship moon live bodies change meet living conditions air moon temperatures vary astronauts earth weeks space doctors found bodies changed hearts beat slowly lot blood blasted percent calcium bones bodies changed normal days sure happen lived moon earth changing slowly mutations combinations body changing fit climates harsh living conditions body need change anymore modern wants live hot tropics need develop darker skin grow skinny builds air conditioned hotels factories culture body changing culture rapidly predict ahead faster expect sputnik space spacecraft orbited earth soviet union united states put satellites spacecraft planets moon
speak birds cry warnings dogs howl tree frogs sing spring say things tomorrow school give hammer yellow handle hammer human makes variety tools beavers tails teeth build dams birds build nests spiders build beautiful webs decide build special tool help build fire start control put learn things teach learning teaching important born instincts built patterns behavior tell wren sing spider build web beaver build dam oriole build hanging nest goose fly south autumn wonder animals animal wonders dogs howl moon wonder moon green cheese believe moon daughter sun soon learned difference living things things alive tell cat stone dandelion later learned things hurt couldn cut head dandelion shouldn cat
smartest mammals partly walks legs hands free pick things watch baby human baby picks things looks tastes learns children grabbing things told touch curious curious smartest mammals examined skeletons animals find invented medicine surgery tested medicines apes monkeys dogs guinea pigs mammals live instincts learns things learns parents teachers fellow invents ways teaches fly kite ride bicycle young learn learn speak learn read ways living learn share teaching called culture instincts birds culture learn speak language believe religion enjoy taste food wear kind clothing chief difference animals learn learns called culture animals curious curious stars earth flowers oceans weather animals curious studies learn cure sick person
times past million climate earth cold northern europe asia north america covered ice huge rivers ice called glaciers moved slowly hills mountain valleys changing surface earth plants animals accustomed cold live glaciers reindeer roamed paris stands woolly mammoths braved icy winds spain summer edges glaciers melted washed lot sand dirt places dirt formed layers page page book layer represents summer trapped dirt bones animals layers counted hundreds thousands revealing age bones find buried layers glacial dirt archeologists find looking fossil scientists explore past archeologists looking things things bones bones animals ate things hard find arrowheads flint don rot pottery keeps forever bones don animal dies eaten bones scattered soon rot body animal falls tar pit preserved covered lava volcano falls lake sinks bottom cold water slowly change stone call fossil easy turn fossil takes lot luck buried soil lot water limestone dissolved luck
abraham lincoln grew frontier kentucky indiana boy growing east south book want give idea grow lincoln live places lived lincoln lived springfield twenty left springfield washington president united states grew abraham lincoln live frontier abe lincoln born kentucky woods full birds wild animals abe born ten cousin dennis hanks walk miles lincoln cabin abe lincoln family moved ten miles knob creek farm abe sister sarah chance lived closer settlers united states lived eastern part country east began crowded moved west abe family moved moved kentucky indiana nineteen states united states took lincoln family days indiana travel hundred miles horseback loaded horses pots pans bedding need rode walked crossed ohio river ferry travel dark woods times abe father horse chop bushes vines path woods reached land home fourteen
cabins plain furniture furniture frontier home poles stuck wall end held posts end frame bed mattress cornhusks tables stools slabs wood abe father tom lincoln carpenter didn spend lot making furniture cabin family wanted cupboard chair abe lincoln father brought fine furniture live frontier abe sister sarah fine furniture cabin stepmother indiana mrs lincoln brought feather mattresses pillows quilts beds brought table set chairs beautiful black walnut chest drawers mrs lincoln chest cost forty dollars mrs lincoln climbed ladder loft took feather mattress took cornhusks abe sleeping put pigpen frontier wear fancy clothes clothes home hunted deer deerskins pants jackets shoes called deerskin buckskin women knitted woolen socks family linen yarn wool yarn spinning wheels wove yarns rough cloth called linsey winter abe boys frontier wore linsey shirts buckskin pants called breeches buckskin jackets buckskin moccasins coonskin cap tail hanging boy head warm buckskin breeches fine caught rain breeches shrink dried breeches tighter tighter legs abe blue mark leg wearing buckskin breeches shrank rain summer boys wore breeches linsey girls wore linsey dresses wore sunbonnets summer capes hoods winter
chopped trees split logs rails fences frontier rail fence horse high bull strong pig tight meant high horse jump strong bull push tight pig squeeze abe rail fences horse high bull strong pig tight didn need son help farm neighbors money earned supposed give father law boy twenty money earned boys frontier paid abe hired farmers twenty cents sixteen abe james taylor helped housework ran ferry ohio river asked abe row steamboat middle river board steamboat threw abe half dollar money abe earned contests lot fun weight lifting contests wrestling contests jumping running contests contests strongest throw farthest fastest runner abe won place contests boys girls toys jump ropes grapevines woods balls wrapped yarn stone covered buckskin played games play today played hide seek prisoner base hare hounds sang played skip lou
stamps upper hand corner postmaster wrote cost send letter wouldn pay send letter person letter paid farther lived pay wrote letter sheet paper friend lived thirty miles friend pay cents sheets paper friend pay tried crowd sheet paper stagecoach town week letters newspapers salem dropped post office letters mailed picked mail abe walked miles deliver letter thought important put letters hat abe lincoln carried post office hat springfield illinois bigger town salem abraham lincoln springfield lawyer twenty lincoln lived springfield twenty saw town grow important city ten thousand lincoln town thousand living center town public square square courthouse jail stores springfield grocery stores drugstores bookstore women fashion buying nineteen dry goods stores buy things cloth ribbons buttons gloves laces thread springfield churches schools hotels tailors shoemakers watchmakers painters carpenters blacksmiths barber
holidays fun christmas children set firecrackers visiting eating oysters ice cream cake candy picnics parades fourth july firecrackers course band music speeches abraham lincoln nominated president united states hundred guns fired public square shouted joy bells town rang flags waved brass band played front lincoln house crowd shouted speech lincoln told crowd wished house big ask inside springfield rode wagons buggies pulled horses wanted travel town stagecoach travel stagecoach dangerous bad storm log bridges washed stagecoach overturn travel steamboat stagecoach river continue trip steamboat lincoln moved springfield train town trains running east twelve miles railroad tracks laid farther west called train iron horse dragon breathed sparks trains traveled fast birds fly fifteen twenty miles hour places train lincoln elected united states congress took family washington traveled part stagecoach part train
machines changed machines invented water power steam power machines spun thread wove cloth hundreds jobs running machines factories mills england cloth things factories england stores united states cotton cloth cost cents yard women springfield bought cotton wool silk cloth bought sheets towels curtains tablecloths sewing machines stores springfield sold factory gloves hats shoes buy steel pens buttons clocks carpets knives forks spoons longer spent days making soap candles soap candles sold stores cents lincoln boy heard rubber balls balloons buy toys sons farmers buying machines easier running machine ten machine shell corn farmer turned crank machine machine called reaper cut wheat horses pulled reaper field farmer vegetables market wagon iron springs farmer wife cook fireplace iron stove foods fresh icebox lived springfield lincoln lincoln lived springfield twenty lincolns moved house look kitchen window corn growing soon lincolns houses corn grew springfield soon capital city illinois
started hide covered shelter set stream felt low rumble rise terrifying roar sour stench wetness rot issued crack opening ground reek morning breath yawning earth stared uncomprehendingly dirt rocks small trees falling widening gap cooled shell molten planet cracked convulsion lean perched edge abyss tilted half solid ground beneath pulled slender ridgepole teetered collapsed disappeared deep hole taking hide cover contained girl trembled wide eyed horror foul breathed gaping maw swallowed meaning security short mother cried comprehension overwhelmed didn scream ringing ears thunderous roar rending rock deep crack earth rose threw clawed ground trying find secure hold heaving shifting land gap closed roar ceased shaking earth stilled child lying face soft damp soil churned loose convulsed land shook fear reason fear child wilderness grassy steppes scattered forests glaciers spanned continent earth pushing cold untold numbers grazing animals carnivores preyed roamed vast prairies
suddenly magician flourish produced skull held high head strong left arm turned slowly complete circle large distinctive high domed shape stared cave bear skull glowing whitely flickering light torches front small torch ground lowered completing circle young sitting picked wooden bowl past eleventh manhood ceremony held shortly earthquake chosen small boy assisted mog ur preparations allowed actual ceremony functioned role begun search nervous finding cave special meaning chance learn details seldom performed difficult describe ceremony cave acceptable residence mog ur child feared magician understood honor chosen young learned cripple skilled mog ur clans kind gentle heart beneath austere visage respected mentor loved begun preparing drink bowl soon called halt started pounding plants stones difficult part estimating quantity proportion leaves stems flowers
noticed ground beneath feet walked waiting clan couldn imagine perfect cave spirits returned thought maybe left maybe wanted move larger finer cave course tired cave wanted home earthquake leave maybe killed needed spirit led cave testing testing leadership couldn decide turn glad leadership found wanting entirely improper run tell view need tell traveling knew waiting seen cave appreciate sure claim leave thought turned found totem powerful lucky lucky looked girl oblivious excitement caused lucky lose shook head understand ways spirits looking child soon saw girl remembered told cave seen
feet starting hunt forage fish direction beaten grass brush forming path line resistance spot favored open stretch large leafy oak high exposed roots offered shaded raised seat easier rest lowering ground starting lesson pointed tree staff oak quickly responded nodded approval aimed staff stream water girl nodded motion hand repeated word flowing water river combined gesture word stated water girl hesitantly puzzled word correct asked getting feeling panic deep stomach knew wanted didn understand shook head kind exercises child times tried pointing feet feet yes magician nodded hear thought getting took hand walked steps leaving staff motion word feet moving feet walking sense trying communicate strained listen trying hear missed tone feet child tremulously sure answer wanted walking feet moving repeated looking directly exaggerating gesture
clan ability synthesize abstract extended areas lives knew oak willow pine generic concept word tree kind soil kind rock kinds snow clan depended rich memory ability add memory forgot language color description totally devoid abstractions idea foreign nature customs developed depended mog ur track things needed counted clan gatherings ages members clan length isolation mating ceremony days child magical powers sitting held stick firmly wedged foot rock says thinks older began lived birth walking nursing weaning explained cutting slash stick mark hand fit mark cover hand looked concentration slash marks holding fingers hand brightened showing hand fingers extended baby asked interested reproduction reckoning
knees digging root rabbit slightly crooked hind leg bounded brush sniffed feet remained making sudden moves slowly extended hand pet animal rabbit thought grown big healthy rabbit close call teach wary wary end fire continued stroked rabbit soft fur startled animal sprang dashing headlong direction making face bound charge move fast don understand catch turn motioned rapidly retreating rabbit laughed suddenly realized laughed aloud seldom laughed clan anymore drew disapproving looks found things humorous wild cherry bark anymore gestured early morning today don fresh grove cherry trees clearing west stream mean bark yes mother replied beautiful spring morning crocus nestled white purple tall graceful stems bright yellow jonquils sparse carpet green grass beginning shoot tiny leaves moist soil painted thin watercolor wash rich brown earth clearings knolls
soon weather allowed took woods fields stopped hiding sling small cave practice meadow tucked fold wrap beneath layer leaves collecting basket teaching hunt easy animals quick elusive moving targets difficult hit stationary women noise gathering scare lurking animals hard habit break times angry warning animal approach caught glimpse darting cover determined practice learned trial error learned track began understand apply bits hunting lore gleaned eye trained pick small details differentiated plants took extension learn define meaning telltale droppings animal faint print dust bent blade grass broken twig learned distinguish spoor animals familiar habits habitats didn overlook herbivorous species concentrated carnivores chosen prey watched left hunting hunters gave concern chose steppes hunting ground didn dare try hunt open plains cover older worried seen occasionally foraging past
held ceremonies phase planning offering fervent supplication invisible forces mog ur busy casting luck spells making powerful charms bones small cave seen favorable indication hitch worry clan edgy night rest decision hunt mammoth wished thought called meeting discuss stay protecting home cave important issue considering leaving hunters leader began moon leave cave unprotected hunters avoided looking wanted excluded hunt afraid leader caught eye selected remain need hunters motioned legs fast hunt mammoth arm strong wield spear sling weapon sight failing muscles weak blind club spear protect cave fire going animal going close don need worry cave protect worry hunting mammoth decision mine course think hunters
leader quick grasp implications knew suddenly faced impossible decision clan tradition effect clan law punishment woman weapon death clear cut provisions unusual circumstances custom ancient understood invoked generations count legends surrounding closely linked legends women controlled access spirits took custom forces caused marked differentiation clan clan women woman desire hunt allowed survive countless ages properly female attitudes actions left result adaptability race trait survival depends curtailed clan clan law longer deviant clan women born clan loved son mate leader stoic reserve soften baby pull beard poke curious fingers eyes spit didn matter gentle pliable small boy fell asleep peaceful assurance security proud stiff leader arms doubt alive killed hyena condemn death girl saved saved weapon die wondered
girl noticed going rummaging baskets stiff rawhide containers piled disordered confusion hearth farthest mouth cave looking yams saw red painted face leader suddenly front gasped surprise resist sound signaled didn frightened felt blindfold petrified nearly lifted ground dragged apprehensive saw bringing girl knew women reason ceremony mog ur planning unlike knew curiosity eventually satisfied mog ur warned single gesture sound seated circle stones brought small cave warning gained force passed cave bear bones held crossed front danger needed extreme protection began inkling danger saw forced female sit open space circle directly opposite mog ur sat girl magician signal removed blindfold blinked clear vision light torches mog ur seated cave bear skull holding crossed bones huddled fear trying sink lower ground
knew didn sick woman young woman forgot pregnancy bled occasionally forgot eat half refused leave side slept fur woman bed constant watch young girl experience grave illness loved effect traumatic watched helped opened understanding heritage destiny wasn watched clan concerned medicine woman entirely young woman skill oblivious apprehension complete attention focused woman called mother searched brain remedy taught questioned information knew stored child memory applied logic special talent noticed ability discover treat real problem small clues put picture pieces puzzle fill blanks reasoning intuition ability brain shared cave uniquely suited crisis illness stimulus sharpened talent applied remedies learned medicine woman tried techniques suggested removed medication loving care medicine woman live likely winter piled high drifts wind barriers entrance sufficiently recovered charge pregnancy
food brought nearly searched baskets store food lonely stay temporary death curse found dried nuts rotten droppings small rodents evidence store found eaten found rotten dried remains surplus food cave shelter woman curse totally inedible remembered dried deer meat stone pit cave deer killed warm wrap found small mound rocks moved preserved meat undisturbed easing tensions short lived branches mouth cave moved heart raced gestured shocked surprise girl entered cave find left afraid happen brought food tea milk flow mother knows don think wants tell mad searching saw footprints spring didn cave bragging knew bad seen left spends place spirits mother upset
crossed stream ran meadow stopped stand colorful hollyhocks graceful stems gathered armful hues picked poultices pain ran meadows woods collecting plants making healing magic white thistle round pale yellow flowers yellow spikes large brilliant yellow grape hyacinths blue black plants picked found selected beautiful colorful sweet smelling flowers crying stopped edge meadow flowers remembering times walked gathering plants arms full trouble carrying collecting basket blossoms dropped knelt pick saw tangled branches woody horsetail small flowers smiled idea occurred searched fold pulled knife cut branch plant warm sun early fall sat edge meadow twining stems beautiful blossoms supporting network entire branch riot color clan astonished marched cave floral wreath straight cave laid body medicine woman resting side shallow trench oval stones
evening wisps clouds remained dart fitfully full moon lit bare lifeless landscape inside cave large fire burned space hearth defined circle torches sat fur staring small hearth fire snapped crackled nearby able shake uneasiness decided walk cave entrance look moon festivities began stood saw signal turned heavy steps correct places mog ur place spirits bearskins holy called spirits fall eloquent familiar gestures power force clan seen masterful performance played audience skill virtuoso drawing response perfect timing peak suspenseful peak evocative emotion climax wrung drop left drained faded copy young adequate mog ur couldn match mog ur powerful magician clan known conducted finest ceremony turned wasn cried dry eyed clan wept hearts mind wandered motions retired raised rank leader watching remembered saw eyed scarred face reached touch
aware destruction inside cave stared unfamiliar place grateful clan taking deep breath hurried hearth ignoring treacherous condition cave didn needed survive dead sure moved rock bed shook fur wrap began pile things medicine bag sling pairs foot coverings leggings hand coverings fur lined wrap hood cup bowl tools cave found supply concentrated high energy traveling cakes dried meat fruit fat searched rubble found birchbark packets maple sugar nuts dried fruit ground parched grain strips dried meat fish vegetables variety late season adequate dumped dust rocks collecting basket began pack picked carrying cloak held face feeling tears need wasn taking packed close dressed warmly early season cold steppes north winter conscious decision direction knew going mainland north peninsula moment decided hide shelter hunting trips technically wasn
didn stay eager danger storm passed sunshine beckoned wrapped foot coverings dried body heat tied bearskin fur lined leather wrap slept took piece dried meat basket packed tent hand coverings chewing meat stream course fairly straight slightly downhill going easy hummed tuneless monotone breath saw flecks green brush banks occasional small flower bravely poking miniature face melting patches snow smile chunk ice broke loose bumped pace raced ahead carried swift current spring begun left cave warmer southern end peninsula season started earlier mountain range barrier harsh glacial winds maritime breezes inland sea warmed watered narrow coastal strip south facing slopes temperate climate steppes colder skirted eastern end range traveled northward open prairie season advanced pace warmer early spring raucous squeals terns drew attention glanced saw small gull birds wheeling gliding effortlessly wings outstretched sea close thought birds nesting means eggs stepped pace maybe mussels rocks clams tide pools full anemones
held hands formal greeting gesture eyes appraising showing approval hesitated moment considering put hands pulled closer honored earth mother favored gift presence knowing grin flushed slightly bold innuendo knew intended allusion gift mother words formal gesture felt tingle excitement touch sparkle invitation eyes tell continued learn cousin glacier journey lived cave taught talks tongue won forget crosses trade wanted learn held hands smiled women don dangerous journeys blessed wasn pleased obvious admiration known soon journey insisted watching interplay turned grinning brother fails single attractive woman sight charmed heartbeats chuckled young rites pleasures summer admirers turn head ah young gift pleasure earth mother
shaded eyes bright sunlight walked edge cave terrace looked standing top jutting wall pile driftwood bones rocky beach left valley distance river turned south curving base steep opposite wall left wall flattened steppes examined bone hand giant deer aged dry teeth marks clearly imprinted split marrow pattern teeth bone gnawed looked familiar feline sure knew carnivores clan developed hunting skills smaller medium size varieties marks large cat large cat spun looked cave cave lion den cave lions niche perfect place lioness cubs thought maybe shouldn spend night safe looked bone cave fire entrance animals nice cave nice lots room inside dirt floor don think wet inside spring floods don reach high smoke hole
tie log attach rope waists swim separated hardy brother foolhardy sure swim pulling log river cold current keeps freezing ice edge morning tangled branches tree swept downstream maybe pulled remember cave lives close water dig centers big trees cross rivers maybe find tree big flinging arm grassy prairie thin stunted trees told cave makes shells birchbark flimsy seen don re kind glue won leak birch trees region grow bigger seen glanced trying think idea brother couldn put implacable logic noticed stand straight tall high knoll south grinned raft tie bunch logs hill strong pole reach bottom river guide rafts hard control small shallow rivers confident grin crumpled suppress smile
young river difficulty staying ahead swerved rhino swerved fast pursuit animal tiring chasing vexatious runners unable catch hood waving hunter dashed front woolly beast stopped lowered head large front horn touched ground concentrated limping figure moving reach raced lance held high needed kill winded rhino caught breath approaching direction intention closing flapped hood warily moving closer trying animal interest hoped exhausted attention riveted rhino wasn sure caused look north peripheral motion look cried spurting forward earth rhino actions inexplicable didn understand shouts didn enraged female rhinoceros bearing full tilt north shouted waving arm pointing spear looked north pointing screamed warning young rhino charging rest raced help forgetting young moment rested scent charging female revived suddenly young male rushed person waving hood close lucky close didn build speed momentum snort began advance snapped attention
beginning understand whinney language horse didn need speak words woman accustomed reading fine shades meaning nuances expression posture sounds secondary aspect communication clan winter enforced close association woman horse formed warm bond affection achieved high level communication understanding knew whinney happy content nervous upset responded signals horse required attention food water affection woman assumed dominant role intuitively begun give purposeful directions signals horse responded stood inside cave entrance examining repair condition hide holes top edge ripped thread lash windbreak horizontal crosspiece suddenly felt wet neck whinney don turned horse moved drop looked shaft ice hanging smoke hole moisture cooking steam breath carried warmth fire met freezing cold air coming hole causing ice form dry wind drew moisture growing winter fringe ice decorated top hole surprised dirty icicle full soot ash
fire dying light looked ancient earth staring coals unfocused eyes seeing place sticks wood nursed fire flames took hold healer straightened look irony returned ago compensations discovering talent gaining knowledge mother calls service sacrifice serve mother young thought serve called wondered tightening lips creasing brow bitterness galled hurts buried deep tall young favored true wish called called talents proclivities sure ways discover test faith initiated period spent enlightening learn wish advise considering entering mother service live able endure severe tests kind tests candid fascinated periods abstinence pleasures periods silence speak periods fasting times sleep
deft knowledgeable touch young medicine woman probed discover extent cub injuries rib broken didn threaten damage spasms contraction mewling sounds hurt internal injuries worst problem open wound head doubt caused hard hoof fire burned longer concern depend start fire quickly tinder started water boiling wrapped leather band smoothly tightly baby cave lion ribs peeled dark brown skin roots picked oozed put marigold flowers boiling water liquid turned golden dipped soft absorbent skin wash cub head wound soaking dried blood caused bleeding saw skull cracked crushed chopped white root applied gummy substance directly wound stopped bleeding help heal bone wrapped soft leather known find cured hides nearly animal killed wildest imagination dreamed put wouldn surprised thought smiling allowed animals hunted wouldn let bring wolf cub cave look lion cub
area development noticed young lion ahead contemporaries baby precocious hunter delight chasing accompanied woman playing stalking hunting cubs practicing real prey lioness forcibly restricted participation encouraged fact welcomed assistance instinctive hunting methods compatible hunted team initiate chase prematurely scatter herd advance pit disgusted baby knew grievous mistake watched closely held check started succeeded killing trapped animal arrived sure killed discovered hunting smaller game sling fun gathering food interest chase moved wasn sleeping hunted learned freeze sight game waiting watching took sling stone cast met dragging kill found teeth animal throat wondered stone finished job closing windpipe lions suffocated animal kill learned look froze prey saw smaller animal opened
didn say goodbye afraid look smile face bent kiss eyes swollen red allowed emotion show searched disappointed boy dock nearly small boat climbed settled rear seat took oar untied rope looked high terrace boy standing edge shirt wearing fill pattern distinctly smiled waved oar waved tall blond dipped double ended paddle river brothers pulled midstream looked friends headed downstream wondered knew journey begun adventure lost edge excitement drawn farther home hope find going east possibly direction river gorge foreboding gray overcast sky naked rock reared water deep roots rose towering bulwarks sides left bank series ramparts sharp angular rock climbed rugged relief distant peaks weathered eroded rounded mountaintops gave illusion mere hills height small boat
stared couldn help knew discourteous thing observe unconscious sleeping wide awake altogether unexpected difference blue eyes knew eyes blue differences reminded seen reflection pool eyes clan brown seen person blue eyes blue vivid shade believe real held blue eyes move discovered shaking realized looking directly felt blood rise face tore eyes embarrassment impolite stare woman supposed look directly especially stranger looked ground struggling regain composure think remember seeing wanted look wanted fill eyes drink sight human unusual important think want start wrong improper curious actions sorry didn mean embarrass wondering offended shy
commented favorably phenomenal memory found difficult understand believe don da remember try girl want memory try try try shook head wishing memory desire learn strong relentless improvement satisfied ability communicate expanded mystery deepened learned questions burning answered incredibly skilled knowledgeable ways totally naive ignorant sure abilities making fire advanced seen primitive belief thing doubt nearby entirely capable taking care thought moved covers look injured leg antiseptic solution ready nervous prepared knots held flesh didn think wound fall healing technique wasn sure considering removing knots days complaint decision young woman bent leg looking closely knots carefully pulled knotted pieces deer sinew skin grown attached pulled
mother beautiful thought earth mother want woman want suddenly jumped couldn stand looking remembered meal cold tired sitting mammoth hipbone platter heard jumped abruptly convinced suddenly overcome revulsion started shaking clenched teeth trying stop face wanted tell leave eyes naming sensed eyes closed front held breath shivering fire fur wrap thought late ahead eat re tired heard opened eyes slowly holding platter put front pulled mat sat hare roasted boiled roots broth dried meat blueberries cooked incredulous hope thought bad luck spear thrower spear takes casting technique wasn sure practice thrower spoil aim guess don forget
adjusted tie wrap put neck pushed hair brushed dry face picking soiled wrap started path nervous excited idea meant rites touched desire share didn think ceremony bad hurt times gave signal women liked mean grown care neared top startled thoughts tawny blur swift motion stay shouted stay cave lion mouth cave spear hand poised throwing huge cat crouched ready spring deep snarl rumbling throat screamed rushing don mother stop cried jumped front path charging lion woman sharp imperative motion guttural language clan shouted stop huge cave lion wrenching twist pulled leap short landed woman feet rubbed massive head leg thunderstruck baby baby motions hesitation fear wrapped arms huge lion neck baby knocked gently watched mouth biggest cave lion seen draped forepaws woman closest equivalent embrace imagine lion capable
valleys shelter wind wood protected birch willow pine larch grow abundance true animals steppes massive reserve wildlife weapon woman hunted wanted fresh meat left remains kills predators scavengers traveling half moon cycle phases dawned hot unusually walked morning mounted saw rise distance hint green prodded warmth closeness worked hand tunic fondle topped hill looked pleasant valley watered large river north south let let camp started object accustomed stopping early reason nibbled neck gently squeezed nipple decided reason stop let camp threw leg slid dismounted helped remove pack baskets whinney horse rest graze took arms kissed reaching tunic don let smiled pulled tunic head undid waist tie lower garment stepped pulled tunic head heard giggle
newspapers town benjamin brother james ten senior undertook publish england courant designed boston gazette news letter place governor shute considered commission entitled censor printed prescription james franklin intention honoring newspapers limited printing ship arrivals departures names captains advertisements bits local gossip called quoted european papers letters moscow advise danish envoy extraordinary credentials count chancellor russian empire marks respect hard item months interest boston citizens worked diligently trades cow common james franklin editorial ambitions flew higher learned printer trade london spent coming home fluent phrases picked fleet street coffeehouses proud owner letterpress type forms determined publish newspaper amuse inform speak public issues london papers england fifty ahead colonies matter free press james gathered round staff clever volunteers soon known complimentary terms courant wits hell fire club counterparts london included john bookseller apothecary lived abroad dr william douglass lately arrived england boasting medical degree town matthew adams captain taylor john eyre gardner inscribed young benjamin carefully listed authors assumed titles dates contributions
courant opening issue dr douglass roared front page speaking request gentlemen town aiming shaft directly mather boylston inoculation practice greek women practitioners quacks invention epidemic distemper mind broadside pamphlet fired surprising part entire controversy fact clergy loyal support father son declared inoculation god physician lay citizens bolstered calling practice interfering god providence argument beginning antagonists bent advantage citizens feared greatly children pondered cotton mather immense prestige easily disregarded courant nature contentious brook interference meeting james franklin street mather demanded courant persisted abusing boston ministers gospel curses cried dr mather await lord loins rise consider gleefully james reported conversation paper published fact dr declared courant libel sheet editors turks pagans deserving hell fire club cotton mather invited impudence young rebellious rouse anger tempting fair game spirits england courant full wig mather face dark brows mobile easily distorted passion
benjamin composed letters slipped properly folded printing house door night letters brought hand citizen courant appeared mondays benjamin satisfaction seeing composition soon print word apparently column sure solemn communication nature honor signed james franklin friends habit congregating publication look courant pieces print benjamin watched took paper heard laughter exclamations speculation author silence fifty later franklin remembered exquisite pleasure finding piece met guesses author named character learning ingenuity suppose lucky judges esteem modesty event small doubt benjamin monday afternoon felt purest triumph course mistress james printed fourteen letters issue silence advanced honored left hand front page column courant masthead ship full sail hint authorship reached brother james benjamin knew cautious mistress human fallible honest suits honest possessed impregnable vanity silence altogether plausible benjamin story moving fast clip
letter collinson franklin revealed discovery electricity consists opposing forces common element called electrical fire franklin showed fluid passing body entering destroyed retains original equality fire circulating arisen terms say bodies alike positively negatively minus daily experiments bodies minus think proper terms till philosophers give vessel sailing give large account american electricity intended large robert physicist nobel prize winner called experiment fundamental thing field electricity franklin single fluid theory basis subsequent advances electricity rest known electron theory electrons move conductors fluid move franklin single fluid idea led directly concept necessity franklin invented words terms today common hard realize part language business inventing words fit scientific concept small matter feel want terms franklin tells collinson letter doubt able intelligible conception visualized words vocabulary conception
franklin hugely mistaken dangers experiment pass idea received publicity acted oddly england letter collinson entitled experiments observations royal society early paper translated french monsieur published paris sentry box suggestion quickly seized tried experiment marly days monsieur repeated miraculously hurt russia swede george wilhelm tried reproduce experiment killed received shock leyden jar thought finished trying gauge strength electricity gun barrel glass wire afterward wrote friend france kingdom undergo experience letter appeared scientific journal joseph priestley afterward franklin close friend condemned cowardly electrician wrote priestley die death justly envied reason franklin killed happened receive strong charge knocked senseless treating paralytic patient electric shock therapy believed effectual europe franklin later gave useless therapy succeeded due patient hopeful outlook treatment effect electricity preparing kill turkey electric shock franklin managed charge hands arms
priestley written electricity generally read admired parts europe franklin published letters collinson exaggerate lightning rods cheap easy erect kite experiment held miraculous simple notion daring thought franklin modern prometheus drawing lightning skies god grant suffer prometheus punishment age demanded invention discovery occurs moment history achieved small group extraordinary comes contagion sudden urgency air times ripe say centuries later rose occasion true face true franklin lucky moment propitious scientific achievements total explanation help say chance favors prepared mind franklin possessed unusual manual dexterity happens scientists notable discoveries fellow worker left evidence franklin especially deft handling instruments idea required machine tool bring birth effective franklin knew describe skilled artisan friends worked side franklin reckon higher mathematics masterful numbers witness magic squares circles devised sitting clerk pennsylvania assembly bored proceedings political parties proprietary hand quakers
monday morning june philadelphia commissioners set albany john penn richard peters benjamin franklin isaac norris conrad franklin natural son william twenty virtue position clerk pennsylvania assembly succeeded father post role son benjamin franklin easy franklin loved son called billy enjoyed companion journeys abroad billy spirit fifteen father ran tried ship privateer philadelphia found brought home subsequently billy enlisted troops spent winter camp albany fighting king george war nineteen billy traveled conrad ohio river hard journey purpose negotiating iroquois delawares shawnees tall proper youth father age beau truth billy handsome open communicative liked commissioners travel overland york sloop hudson river counting stopover york city weeks journey albany spoke embarking going europe days sail richard peters written ahead friend york asking buy pipe madeira bottle travelers barrel cider barrels small beer hope sloop hired commodious added peters steers
clock sunday evening june ninth pennsylvania delegates walked city landing embarked hudson river albany accompanied york mercury number private gentlemen governor de lancey sailed friday private gentlemen merely wish travelers eighteenth century happy escorting public characters edge town wetting journey mercury spoke sloop franklin party counting maryland commissioners joined benjamin abraham barnes landed gentlemen members governor council richard peters diary notes sloop hours nightfall full week water franklin loved travel required periodically health scene altogether wide magnificent river cliffs mountains mile mile shouted voice albany cabins sailed night franklin friend peter kalm swedish botanist journey ago exactly season spoke fireflies rigging dark porpoises played tumbled kingston sturgeon leaped water east bank york city manorial holdings began beekman farms green water edge westward stretched forest endless primeval reaching sloop ventured call forest beautiful solemn interminable barbaric harsh meets adjectives trees enemy felled
meeting commissioners took place june nineteenth city hall dutch iroquois called covenant house plain square building cupola weathercock windows front low stoop leading door governor de lancey presided manner assured conciliatory spite asthma spoke dutch heaviness delivery de huguenot stock commissions colonial assemblies read aloud hear governor shirley entering articles union confederation aforesaid governments general defense majesty subjects interests north america peace war twenty delegates massachusetts carried instructions union entirely indian affairs evening banquet city hall mayor aldermen scattering indians mohawks looked official humiliation waiting savages knew meeting plainly staying purpose governor de lancey drafted welcoming speech iroquois congress detail disagreement seating developed colony wanted finally north south order precedence prevailed de lancey head york councillors flanking massachusetts hampshire connecticut governor rhode island pennsylvania maryland left peter recording clerk secretary albany indian commissioners occupied rostrum overlooking room
fifty pauses stock proved gods grant fulfillment franklin considered declining middle age spent fiftieth birthday january handsomely crowded hut town bethlehem pennsylvania militia cold soaked skin franklin military experience association defense french delaware franklin raised ten thousand militia scaring thomas penn remarks spirit commonwealth rising province franklin famous wagons horses carry general braddock army pennsylvania duquesne frontier braddock maryland despair ready abandon campaign franklin scoured country lancaster york cumberland setting posters inform german inhabitants paid contributions provide horses wagons sir john st clair body soldiers march requisition needed sorry hear sincerely truly friend wisher franklin settlers known hussars germany title actually st clair deputy quartermaster braddock franklin weeks wagons horses forthcoming franklin advanced thousand pounds money pay pledged entire fortune case braddock farmers trust defaulted payments
nation built revolution staged easygoing franklin acting american nation exist province course wanted london home called home immediately period history remain words phrases comprehended later generations felt meaning word home colonial americans proudly fondly franklin cross thousand miles ocean dangerously infested enemy ships course stranger london friends awaited william printer publisher franklin wrote terms suggesting merely crossing county line visit look sharp fat fellow printing house request depend tis affectionate friend humble servant franklin packet london due sail end march franklin told lord braddock successor commander chief north america philadelphia talked governor denny franklin assembly dispute proprietors agreed facts pledged earl reported england acquainted affair governor early april franklin set york ship son william negro servants escort dozen friends riding alongside franklin chaise pleasant journey days stopover elizabeth town dine jonathan belcher governor province young william writing dearest betsy horses waiting let charmer welfare
matters penns moved bad worse january saw terrible confrontation thomas penn declared province kind corporation acting charter crown privileges rights granted charter privileges claimed mentioned father charter franklin retorted expressly says assembly pennsylvania power privilege assembly according rights freeborn subjects england penn replied royal charter granted father secret inhabitants deceived fault franklin believe ears penns denying rights britons america simply shrugging reporting scene isaac norris franklin wrote penn spoken kind triumphing laughing insolence low jockey purchaser complained cheated horse astonished conceived moment cordial contempt felt living contempt express words believe countenance expressed strongly brother richard looking observed finding grow warm answer poor lawyers confiding father think consult penns noted franklin anger looked wrote peters malicious peters managed franklin letter meeting quoted copiously penns including reference low jockey
post office tax grenville asked suddenly franklin money paid postage letter merely quantum merit service chose send letter private messenger distinction internal external taxes hardest knot franklin untie later confessed understood grenville put question plainly difference demanded duty importation goods eternal tax excise consumption internal tax material difference franklin replied colonies claimed britain lay excise country sea maintain fleets safe pirates natural equitable toll duty merchandise carried expense ships maintain safety carriage tobacco trade brought trade west indies ships laden annually ireland america flax left slitting mills america mills annual amount taxes paid pennsylvania poll tax unmarried pay reason americans increased faster england witness heard quantity stockings army manufactured philadelphia late war franklin answered facts figures challenged adversary asked americans protected abuse neighbors stamped paper run debt
testified commons stamp act immediately repealed abrupt change parliamentary heart apparently chagrined leniency parliament passed act asserting tax colonies charles townshend chancellor exchequer sought revenue regulating american trade setting duties articles glass lead painters colors tea paper york assembly dissolved refusing comply quartering act massachusetts legislature suffered fate samuel adams persuaded members send circular letter massachusetts towns calling united resistance urging defense colonial rights virginia house burgesses dissolved endorsed letter conditions worsened landing regiments british soldiers boston trouble flared soldiers behaved insolently englanders bitterly resented result foreseeable culminated violence called boston massacre british soldiers sentry duty finding attacked night boston mob hurling ice clubs fired crowd killing parliament repealed townshend duties tax tea colonists outrage december east india company ships arrived boston laden cargo tea boston refused let unloaded knows result citizens disguised mohawks boarded vessels night dumped hundred pounds tea harbor days tea lined high water mark beaches south hearing horace walpole wrote ostrich egg laid america bostonians hundred chests tea harbor
franklin enemies opposed independent america virulently lord sandwich house lords called bitterest mischievous enemies country known franklin present leaning bar house lords face calm immovable british press called veteran mischief snake spoke vindictive subtlety watchfulness politician tricks grand incendiary living emblem iniquity grey hairs traitor apartment mrs stevenson house judas office craven street remarkable expletives sixty receive franklin mind deeply hurt deprived postmaster took office britain received penny revenue post office management dismissal postal revenue thousand pounds february weeks hearing cockpit franklin wrote sister jane sturdy humorous faithful woman hear comes hand office don let give uneasiness finished journey home pockets pay post chaises intending disgrace honour failure duty office fault attached interests america measures administration
captain gregory pointed icebreaker escort sea nodded hours required transit channel tax seamanship endurance cold north wind blowing sort north wind part late autumn surprisingly mild scarcely snow fallen area measures meters week major winter storm murmansk coast breaking pieces arctic icebreaker formality butt ice drifted overnight channel soviet navy newest missile submarine damaged errant chunk frozen water water fjord choppy driven brisk wind began lap october spherical bow rolling flat missile deck lay towering black sail water coated oil numberless ships filth evaporate low temperatures left black ring rocky walls fjord bath slovenly giant altogether apt simile thought soviet giant cared dirt left face earth grumbled learned seamanship boy inshore fishing boats knew harmony nature increase speed repeated captain order bridge telephone water stirred october moved astern captain lieutenant ship navigator duty station harbor pilot large combatant vessels based sides wide inlet
outwardly model soviet child inwardly wondered learned father school conflicted lessons youth parents refuse let children play passed classmates whisper cruel bitter epithet informer father party taught informing act patriotism shunned resented boyhood peers complained father knowing evil thing wrong decided find answers choice individual thinking unknowingly committed gravest sin communist pantheon outwardly model party member son played game carefully according rules duty party organizations volunteer menial tasks allotted children aspiring party membership knew path success comfort soviet union sports team sports worked track field events compete individual measure performance learned endeavors watch judge actions fellow citizens officers cool detachment blank face concealed conclusions summer eighth course forever changed play wander fishing docks small village grandmother home
office deputy director intelligence occupied corner top floor overlooking tree covered potomac valley ryan security check pass morning dr ryan hi nancy ryan smiled nancy cummings held secretarial job twenty served truth known feel intelligence business political appointees adjacent office large business bosses executive secretaries lasted forever family doctor looking forward christmas bet sally worried sure santa knows moved afraid won england ryan confided nice re pressed hidden button dr ryan thanks nancy ryan twisted electronically protected knob walked office vice admiral james greer reclining high backed judge chair reading folder oversized mahogany desk covered neat piles folders edges bordered red tape covers bore code words jack called room coffee yes thank sir james greer sixty naval officer past retirement age working brute competence hyman rickover greer easier mustang entered naval service enlisted earned naval academy spent forty working star flag commanding submarines full intelligence specialist
separate times offered extraction soviet union refused proof turned proof successful agents cardinal driven knew successful agents crazy document ryan reading transit twenty hours film reach american embassy moscow delivered station chief experienced field officer reporter york times worked cover press attache developed film private darkroom thirty minutes arrival inspected exposed frames magnifying glass flash priority dispatch washington saying cardinal signal en route transcribed message film flash paper portable typewriter translating russian security measure erased agent handwriting paraphrasing automatic translation personal peculiarities language film burned ashes report folded metal container cigarette case held small charge case improperly opened suddenly shaken cardinal signals lost cases accidentally dropped station chief took case embassy courier residence booked hour flight london airport courier connections pan york kennedy international connected eastern shuttle washington national airport
bart duty attack center twenty hours hours sleep separated stretch previous eating sandwiches drinking coffee cups soup thrown cooks variety sake examined latest cup freeze dried affection cap turned roger thompson sonar officer yes pulled tactical display occupied attention days thompson standing rear compartment jones standing holding clipboard looked tape machine sir think look didn want bothered extended duty taxed patience jones looked eager excited okay chart table dallas chart table gadget wired bc projected tv type glass screen feet square display moved dallas moved paper charts obsolete anyway charts break thanks skipper jones humbly usual re kinda busy think anomalous contact bothering leave ruckus subs kicked able times sure fourth faded want show worked punch course track baby sir
british sea harrier appeared minute early hovered briefly kennedy port beam pilot sized landing target wind sea conditions maintaining steady thirty knot forward speed compensate carrier forward speed side slipped fighter neatly dropped gently amidships slightly forward kennedy island structure exactly center flight deck instantly gang deck crewmen raced aircraft carrying heavy metal metal ladder set cockpit canopy coming open team snaked fueling hose aircraft eager demonstrate speed navy services aircraft pilot dressed orange yellow jacket set helmet front seat ladder watched briefly sure fighter capable hands sprinting island met ryan hatch ryan tony parker jack gave proper directions pilot darted leaving ryan standing flight suit holding bag feeling stupid white plastic flight helmet dangled hand watched crewmen fueling harrier wondered knew parker minutes commander thing put fighter bloody toilet fill coffee tea send place feeling sir admiral chatted radio flying
chief engineer vladimir loyal party member committed atheist sailor profoundly superstitious days ship blessed launching sailed impressive ceremony bearded priest clouds incense evocative hymns sailed found wishing needed luck trouble reactor reactor plant small fit small hull powerful size running hundred percent rated power days racing american coast knots fast plant permit due comprehensive overhaul sonar computers redesigned reactor control suite planned coming months thought irresponsible reckless push submarine hard functioning properly plant submarine pushed hard things beginning primary high pressure reactor coolant pump beginning vibrate ominously worrying engineer backup secondary pump lower rated power meant losing knots speed plant achieved high power sodium cooled system americans thought running higher pressure reactor system afloat revolutionary heat exchange system boosted plant thermal efficiency forty percent excess submarine
spur line running square airport ran kremlin workers bored tunnel later closed ten meter thick steel concrete plug hundred meter space connected kremlin pair elevator shafts converted emergency command center politburo control entire soviet empire tunnel convenient means going unseen city small airport politburo members flown ultimate redoubt beneath granite monolith command post secret west existed kgb confidently reported western arsenals smash hundreds feet rock places separated politburo surface fact comfort admiral yuri found seated end ten meter conference table looking grim faces ten politburo members circle strategic decisions affecting fate country officers uniform reported table left admiral sergey affair skill producing letter opposed appointment command red october chief main political administration successfully blocked transfer pointing candidate command occasionally late paying party dues speak regular meetings officer rank
bomber crew knew exactly russians navy orions air force sentries shadowing days told soviets armed fighter kiev nearest sentry possibly attack mission case provocation hours earlier squadron fourteen flown york leaving black trails exhaust smoke hidden predawn gloom aircraft carried full load fuel twelve missiles total weight design range exactly needed knowing russians half battle hitting mission profile simple concept difficult execution learned missions hanoi participated sustained sam surface air missile damage method attacking heavily defended target converge points compass enveloping arms angry bear squadron commander put briefing indulging poetic nature gave half squadron direct courses target half curve careful effective radar coverage turn exactly cue turned ten minutes earlier command sentry quarterbacking mission pilot added twist course soviet formation took bomber commercial air route making turn switched transponder normal setting international
high party official gave boss valuable input field worked closely tank design production teams taking prototype randomly chosen production model test course team picked veterans things worked crippled arm gunners soviet union humble thought surprise friend general stars angered reaction earned field battle earn stars remark wore uniform marshal soviet union earned party industrial management demonstrated true soviet proud mindful limitations unfortunate thought misha unlucky married lovely woman elena minor dancer kirov youthful officer met remembered trace envy perfect soldier wife fine sons dead elder died boy officer cadet hungary political reliability killed seventeenth birthday soldier soldier chance younger killed training accident blown pieces faulty breech mechanism brand tank
hunter morse admiral white inquired believe admiral hunter answered getting excited chance ryan swallowed hard past hours invincible lying rolling sea stomach bad pills ship doctor helped excitement making worse eighty foot sheer drop flag bridge sea thought puke screw hull popping noises sir jones think heading wondered yeah fits cowboy wants tries evade fits bet past days captain forward attack center looks going skipper watching attack director dumb opinion submarine captains depending spent looking wondered implicit reaction enforced confinement sure sure instruments correct entirely human thought vulnerable skipper yeah slow easy sky half filled white fleecy clouds undersides gray threat rain twenty knot wind blowing southwest foot sea running dark waves streaked whitecaps ryan saw bristol fife holding station windward captains doubt muttering choice words disposition
moment transmission casing fractured instantly gallons lubricating oil greasy cloud rotor hub delicate gears began tear alarm light flashed control panels copilot instantly reached cut power engines transmission tried freeze power engines tore happened thing explosion jagged pieces burst safety housing ripped forward part aircraft rotor momentum twisted stallion savagely dropped rapidly loosened jerked seats rolled forward mayday mayday mayday juliet copilot called commander body slumped controls dark stain neck re goin re goin mayday mayday mayday copilot trying main rotor slowly slowly automatic supposed allow give vestige control failed controls nearly useless riding point blunt lance black ocean twenty seconds hit fought controls tail rotor order jerk aircraft succeeded late parker seen die sending missile tailpipe argentine dagger fighter pleasant worse watched super stallion humpbacked engine cluster blew shower sparks
ryan checked watch hours sit chair quick glance chart appeared hour estimate optimistic misunderstood red october tracing shelf line soon begin angle west virginia capes maybe hours couldn soon looked pretty tired tired engine room cook coffee sandwiches russians especially hungry dallas passed thirty knots october miles aft lieutenant commander wally chambers conn blind speed run thirty minutes despite word clear noted passage turned allow lateral array track red october noisy twenty knots sonar chief companions dallas thirty noise south exactly hovering door hours making unpleasant soon say comrade captain bearing changing heading control room ordered power reduced reactor systems considered killing plant entirely reactors took start telling distant contact captain smoked cigarettes going sonar nervous operator
let move south don idea closer friend thirds chambers finally aye aye goodman helm fifteen degrees rudder course ahead thirds fifteen degrees rudder aye helmsman turned wheel sir rudder fifteen degrees coming course dallas torpedo tubes loaded mark decoy expensive moss mobile submarine torpedoes targeted firing solution vague fish tracking torpedoes perfectly dialed problem boat authority shoot attack submarines operating normal rules engagement fire defense defend red october bluff guile question knew red october steer ohio ordered bring speed knots patient comrades americans ping move place quietly bronze propeller turned quickly shutting nonessential electrical systems engineers able increase speed increasing reactor output nearest attack boat contact faded degrading directional bearing commander wood debated bearing active sonar decided active sonar position policeman looking burglar dark building flashlight
told captain living lives wish live wish pride hospitality sir transferred london welcome home tug turning port pointed conversation taking turn give order captain harbor left degrees rudder microphone left degrees rudder aye helmsman responded sir rudder left degrees turned main channel past saratoga sitting massive crane headed mile line piers norfolk naval shipyard channel totally empty october tug ryan wondered normal complement enlisted crew entirely admirals odds twenty minutes later destination ten dock dry dock built service ohio class fleet ballistic missile submarines huge concrete box hundred feet larger covered steel roof spy satellites occupied maximum security section base pass security barriers armed guards marines usual civilian guards dock stop ordered stop aye
hello girl voice interrupted jane daydream looked marcy stokes waving green convertible driven greg president junior class high school hi marcy jane called hello feel unimportant greg waved couple drove hill marcy brushed lock hair eyes smiled jane kind smile girl riding convertible popular boy summer girl walking smile jane feel wrong yellow cotton dress girlish round collar full skirt skin wasn tan didn white pique dress show curly brown hair pretty mirror home childish compared marcy sleek blond hair bleached golden streaks sun trouble jane thought hill grew steeper cashmere sweater type marcy marcy wore cashmere sweaters importance jane cashmere sweater took minute home school marcy dates popular boys school spent lot crowd jane occasional date family friend named george inch shorter carried money change purse loose pocket took straight home movies
pop thought getting dog jane asked evening baby sitting sandra meeting briefly boy delivered horse meat diner say answered evening paper stroked sir puss large tabby cat stretched lap meticulously sir puss licked paw scrubbed ear jane spoke paused stare disapprovingly moment resumed routine licking scrubbing cat acts understood knew planning jane thought don think idea dog asked asked watchdog jane suggested lowered paper looked daughter cloud pipe smoke bothers lock doors don want watchdog raised paper ended discussion dogs nice pets jane persisted lots dogs nice pet dropped half paper pet sir puss rested chin master knee closed eyes look satisfaction tiger face dogs jane loyal faithful yes interrupted read noble animals dogs friend rouse sleeping burning buildings drag children fish ponds dig gardens
jane sat staring telephone filled confidence stan crandall stanley crandall liked seen rumpled grass stained terrible sandra liked trouble finding calling ask movies jane smiled telephone gave sigh pure happiness stan crandall jane saying clock mrs called living room jane stopped smiling comes thought mother father let couldn bear wouldn jane walked living room determined firm mother father calmly going movies tomorrow night clock girls asked mrs going boy named stanley crandall jane tried unsuccessfully note defiance voice put seed catalogue studying stanley crandall demanded yes jane mrs stanley crandall mom refer stanley crandall jane thought sounded awful picked street corner someplace perfectly nice boy meet inquired mrs replied jane friend persisted mrs exactly don think happen meet
ago lived london young married couple dogs named pongo missis pongo missis added pongo marriage called missis lucky young married couple humans named mrs dearly gentle obedient unusually intelligent canine times understood number barks barks hurry dinner walk understand guess looked scratched eager paw loved humans believed owned dogs realizing dogs owned pongo missis found touching amusing let pets think true dearly office city arithmetic called wizard finance thing wizard magic fairly similar story starts unusually rich unusual reason government service getting rid national debt reward let income tax government lent small house outer circle regent park house wife dogs marriages dearly pongo lived bachelor flat looked dearly nurse nanny butler mrs dearly missis lived bachelor flat things spinster flats looked mrs dearly nurse nanny cook
splendid vet foster mother explained missis feed fifteen puppies terribly thin tired strong puppies milk weak puppy dearly brought small need special care largest pup black patch ear side face bad fault born pure white dearly told de vil drowned patched pup valuable felt fond started bit bad luck liked able recognize spots started weeks later big puppy patch small delicate puppy wo told splendid vet foster mother poor dog lost puppies milk give thought dog wasn sure telephone lost dogs homes foster mother found help missis feeding pups doll feeding bottle fashioned fountain pen filler splendid vet home hour sleep starting nanny cook breakfast nanny butler took pongo run missis persuaded leave family minutes walk mrs dearly tidied cupboard
puppies brought fed splendidly dearly business hurried early pup feeding found mrs dearly feeding upstairs puppies nannies taking turns feed kitchen puppies jealous soon knew mattered pups plenty milk exhausting missis poor thin bed dresser cupboard light puppies eyes began open days week puppies spots began show dearly sighted spot spots thick fast months days recognize pup spots girls boys prettiest girls tiny pup dearly saved birth small delicate pigs families smallest weakest piglet called dearly called tiny puppy nice spoken love patch pup born black ear biggest strongest puppy knew going special friends fat funny boy puppy called getting mischief striking pup perfect horseshoe spots named lucky
immigrants deep consciousness role playing dream history part history mythology place going fact place knew misery absorbed nausea absorbed agony stomachs absorbed pitching shifting cabin occupied human beings adult children measuring feet feet stinking mixture body odor vomit absorbed degrees misery misery appeared eternity small cold wind water swept deck allotted steerage passengers relief closeness cabin north atlantic month december provided small compensation breath fresh air deck granted deck wet icy cold awash weather worsened weather passage anna lavette spent bunk dark looking girl early twenties seventh month pregnancy born raised tiny fishing village north italy ligurian sea husband joseph distant cousin blood intricate network italian family connection family fishermen part italian part french part san part joseph grown fisherman age ten
tragedy matter matter pervading lucky unlucky anthony lucky small frame house folsom street edge fire burned area undisturbed earthquake untouched flames decent human reasonably clever simple thanked god devoutly fortune believed sincerity spared reason function constitute reason lend money accepted function catastrophe enormous probe deeper reason days earthquake moments sanity began return ruined city anthony considered circumstances cash assets eighteen hundred dollars home cash wealthiest citizens moment poor dollars pockets burned burned robes trousers pajamas lucky wrap banks san francisco money power wealth located area burned crocker national bank wells fargo california bank buried debris burned timbers vaults sealed shut heat metal safes twisted melted giants high finance conferred city government army officials took measures burned city alive
thirty age mark levy wife sarah appearance ingenuous girl eighteen flaxen hair wore tied tight bun head wide pale blue eyes set defied stereotypes jewish woman slender small breasted gave appearance perpetually startled born city kiev russia brought east side york city age slight foreign accent husband felt enhanced slow throaty speech vagueness manner gave impression dull phlegmatic person impression fact husband worshipped took peculiar comfort fact imagination passion concealed cousin removed sort mark entirely clear family relationship arrangement family family european manner seeing pledged sarah shipped country thousand miles rail coach girl seventeen tagged addressed parcel months wedding lived father house rooms chandler shop mark fell totally love part accepted easygoing tolerance accepted befell
august soon birth child dan jean lavette moved house russian hill married lived rented house sacramento street short distance seldon mansion james flood gigantic million half dollar brownstone palace survived earthquake fire lavette house fitted single wing flood mansion compare thomas seldon home ran final cost hundred ten thousand dollars plans architect drawn dan added cost seventy thousand dollars called wooden front jean protested bitterly live house wooden front white limestone substituted solarium added jean insistence rooms servants quarters library living room dining room bedrooms entryway floored marble price increased forty thousand dollars jean impressed fact dan complained cost felt making money indifferent spending recipient princely wedding gift part father stock seldon bank hundred thousand dollars ten thousand dollars cash princely considering thomas mary seldon bitterness match dan touch money
mark put harvey bed slept twelve hours sarah regarded clair poor motherless child living witless father fed poor motherless child eggs pancakes oatmeal cream jacob levy sixteen ten sister martha sat kitchen table watching fascination skinny redheaded girl consumed front appetite apparently insatiable stomach incredibly held put eat darling sarah placing plate scrambled eggs front poor darling pancakes eat sleep jacob took eyes seen trying comprehend miracle turned skinny freckled kid tall regal woman high firm breasts straight flaming hair fell waist martha nudged elbow whispered don stare nice clair sarah tired funny turned jacob don say haven word word mean say shy martha afraid girls jacob finished breakfast sarah martha martha stuck tongue brother raced kitchen mark told sarah returning san francisco afternoon dan drive san mateo anthony
speak chinese dan ling amazement think grew talking mother speaking mandarin knew word english speak cantonese eating dan asked delicious ate god feng wo spoke wife nodded delight heaped food dan plate stewed beef tara root wine sugar ling call hon yo fish whitefish tomatoes green pepper pineapple ginger green onions shrimp tan yo shredded pork chinese peasant dish eat don asked father guess simple peasant dish called tzu dan tried pronounce toy giggled covered mouth dan asked bean curd feng wo tasted thought kind custard sort ling soy beans import china chinese farmers peninsula started grow beans re cheaper hot real shanghai dish tomato sauce red pepper garlic paw toy pride mexican food dan reminds toy filled side dish cabbage ling mother pride joy cabbage sweet cream chopped dried shrimp
purchased forty acres land someday downtown san francisco purchase price dollars acre eventually single acre sold son original placer miner seventy thousand dollars price truly began rise alan generation california returned san francisco harvard college find jean seldon married fisherman called daniel lavette event alan emerged heart unbroken married produce child avoid draft divorced inherited eleven million dollars give hundred thousand death father europe put approach war returned san francisco purchased small luxurious house jones street sloop bay played tennis saddle horses sought single jeans set certainly tarnished divorce reputation families eagerly welcomed single required dinner party capacity jean paired number times occasions dan present jean home venturing kiss lips turned passionate embrace months met surreptitiously week horses stable marin county occasion meet ride
opening department store largest splendid stylish store west chicago mark levy words historic occasion queen american cities true planned principal beneficiary mark labors american expeditionary forces occupied germany alive absence interfere gaiety occasion enormous malignant forces death war influenza epidemic past unpredictable thing called prohibition settling nation beginning era light hope reborn nations earth embrace mighty league end war forever institute community course disturbing factors emergence called lenin leading bolshevik revolution russia temporary phenomenon hun driven lair war end wars main speaker reception held street floor mayor sunny jim emphasized points joined singing smiles theme song sense theme songs smiles happy smiles gay fine baritone boomed mark levy gray temples bald fortieth labored carefully small speech
jake bought secondhand model ford clair explored dirt roads marin county valley favorite spot muir woods clair grove giant redwoods sanctuary realized place eased anguish blocked inside jake told story william kent thirty battle save splendid trees loggers church god give ten cents jake dan lavette father fattening corpses redwoods clair told gently half san francisco built redwood bitterness mark dan simply comprehend wondered outlet knot nameless anger comprehend pressed talk let worm gnawing sprawled becalmed bay water momentarily glassy asked mentioned letters funny haven thought months dreamed week bigoted stupid grew chicago regular army top sergeant drill sergeant unit night jew bastard jew bastard proper prideful thing hatred jews point couldn anymore quiet corner france beat hell
bernie cohen large muscled young earshot rabbi let drop place valley bernie cohen declared give opportunity observe irrigation systems place called interested halfway young cohen intrigued soft drone sound asked saying saying praying surprise eighty peculiar desire live rabbi car runs anyway happen rabbi car wonder rabbi amiably surprised reached untroubled calamity briskly descended think infernal machine visit levy place valley impressed beauty scene green hills stone buildings cattle grazing upland meadows impressed lovely redheaded woman house greet remembered clair seen levy home ago worked wonders tall lady child arms boys hanging apron face red freckled sun delicious surprise beamed pleasure regarded
professor simon enthralled clair small rotund middle aged obviously adored women completely height splendid strong body pleasantly freckled handsome face unruly mop red hair eyes insisted jake lunch faculty dining room derive simple total pleasure company beautiful woman clair possessed open unfettered quality making feel mattered gave professor feeling unbent return course wine told art perish entirely handful maniacs decreed dearest consolation criminal taught art wine making things nineteen eighteen hundred students nineteen twenty dropped course course clair began dear lady let begin assuring wine nature makes directs process thousand ago tasted wine overripe grapes crushed mouth drank wine wine grapes put large receptacle mash place pot warm place stir mixture begins marvelous process called fermentation sniffs ah delicious odor comes alive begins move heave chuckle voice stir appears rest
left seldon mark dan think re making mistake putting basket mean don tony handle million half chum million half beginning hook operation laid glad coast portland seattle beginning re going build biggest damn airline west rockies beginning mcdonnell says rockies airplane speed half times today hundred fifty miles hour re ground floor listen dan mark dreams real re wrong thing hanging bank loans suggest talking sam goldberg says public issue stock listing york stock exchange says put half million shares twenty dollars share hell mark worth twelve half million damn sight let finish talking half issue fifty percent control working capital twelve half million dollars goldberg says market shares double triple matter weeks months
funeral standing dan mark house san mateo stephan morning run hundred front bank pushing pop says hey pop understand loud painful voice knife cutting talking italian slightly sicilian laborer carrier construction pop stops says pop angry soft don want trouble problems problems months wife children week ten dollars bank live hundred sixty dollars bank savings married starve wasn angry hungry hard understand hunger lousy stomach pop looked john pop took arm led bank pay stephan don money home hide understand bank understand put safe banker god almighty decide banker damn thing banker
half alive women enormous bulk gentleness aching pleading need loved valued told word deed gesture human senseless ignorant brute efforts prove playing game cultured mighty avail purchased bus ticket los part returning ling part understood part afraid return introspection difficult compensated things prison los ling argued needed job found room dollars week hotel downtown los wretched room narrow bed chest drawers chair overhead unmasked string light lay bed thought ling told find job main street pit sorrowful belly downtown los succession pool halls speakeasies vermin ridden lunch counters chinese restaurants sorrow torment thousand looking jobs jobs sign reading wanted clean toilets hundred waiting days lot scraping rust farm machinery reconstituted
ling watched listened single loved lifetime lived understood silence practice silence links dan lavette articulate spoke felt inside words torn gut sensed added burden telling mark levy death smashed battered accounting understood illusion free finally arrived understanding triumph celebrating knowledge began speak listened dan glancing sidewise tiny nose perfectly formed small mouth delicate image woman formed porcelain sensed calm knowledge moment realized need explain returned married city hall feng wo wife witnesses silent happy fourteen boy complete wedding party clerk puzzled woman mrs lavette marrying named lavette re related asked
tracks found bodies led halfway snow telltale humps center clearing chief investigator smoked fine brand cigarette arkady lit cheap prima filled mouth powerful taste habit dealt dead bodies lay peacefully artfully thawing crust ice center hands folded religious funeral turned arms ice flanking emblems embossed writing paper wearing ice skates shouldered arkady satisfied questions security involved begin security major drunks public park major waving agents camera picture snow flashed blue bodies camera foreign developed pictures instantaneously proudly photographer showed photo arkady bodies lost flash reflection snow think fast arkady handed photo snow tramped corpses exasperated smoked ran fingers lank black hair noticed major photographer thought wear boots maybe wet feet send kgb bodies expected find empty bottle nearby snow shoulder monastery night fading saw levin militia pathologist watching contemptuously edge clearing bodies look arkady
arkady reached premise victims inmates released murdered fellow gang members prison officials refused accept phone calls marked case pending vladimir jurisdiction record wouldn affected knew wanted home dressed chief investigator uniform presented prison demanded read release log found inmates recently released bodies found custody major interrogation kgb arkady phoned bluntly denied receipt prisoners investigation halt arkady returned moscow office kgb shabby street branch found major desk red rubber balls bearing elliptical scars arkady left chit balls took forensic lab marks matched point point victims teeth drugged inmates directly river edge stuffed rubber balls mouths stifle outcry shot picked spent shells knife removed evidence slugs maybe thought look stabbed death dead bled torn bodies froze quickly arrests approved prosecutor arkady homicide charge request warrant search office home firearms knife arkady prosecutor call reasons security kgb taking investigation bodies found
drabness moscow brow lenin hills studio studios country large prestigious visiting dignitary carried limousine compound pastel orange wall gatehouse left garden sharp main door central film pavilion administrators famous directors heavy glasses cigarettes amenable actresses flowers lined greet surrounded huge pavilions housing sets screening buildings writers buildings administrators buildings set design hangars developing labs warehouses prop lots tartar wagons panzer tanks spaceships city burgeoning population technicians artists censors extras extraordinary number extras penchant soviet films crowd scenes hard budget soviet films afford crowds young gaining actor pass extra born dignitary uninvited arkady found central pavilion piles snow dumped front administration building glowering girl held chalkboard sign demanded quiet found arrived outdoor set garden potted apple trees sunk sod lit filtered floodlights warm glow autumn sunset nineteenth century clothes perused book white wrought iron table garden false wall open window revealed gas lamp piano rough clothes cap tiptoed wall drew barreled revolver aimed
thing wants crackdown knew killed gorky park tell fact pulled balls cut standards took chair arkady office repeating crazy shoot gorky park point view missing army traded guns anyway red army issue rusty british revolvers maybe czech pistol east siberia find gang machine gun describe going fire think ten moscow age forty hit grandmother ten steps service say america real wars past thirty let don chance shoot training devil let re talking organized execution organization equipped afternoon arkady calling school told left union teachers athletic club club mansion point kremlin searching club gymnasium lost door found small balcony musicians looked ballroom cupids decorated high ceiling
american yes re young investigator friend talked champagne import furs easy say collection expensive items ring watch profile teeth person correct socialist attitude part true didn account arkady expected sense power restraint stilted change wanted fur hat arkady meet americans hear re open visit york empire building harlem lead traveling harlem excuse arkady stood important talk re polite ask smoking cigarette gave prolonged stare arkady started pool insist stay quickly don meet investigators advantage chance occasion ask tell arkady sat accounts read york dull domestic troubles hooligans murders invariably committed heat anger influence alcohol shrugged apologetically sipped champagne sweet
secret sure participated interrogations side table speak think speak honestly promise cooperative witness things discussed morning minor matters arkady face flushed hope vodka bottle stood half empty floor sentences proportion crime arkady added especially citizens let say special status think re going detective nodded arkady put fresh tape recorder offered cigarette took lit tape started spinning going tell things show pictures want answer questions sound perfectly ridiculous want patient think carefully okay ahead thanks arkady inside felt top dive guesswork established sell religious tourists americans office evidence tried sell foreign guest moscow named john contacted days ago phone deal fell decided buy source re businessman sort sales fallen want tell angry
walking leaving dark footprints stones despite hour drivers turned headlights ahead sour yellow haze clung bridge enjoying moscow arkady repeated investigator tour siberia welcomed village mayor showed modern structure town sixteen toilets urinals single sink communal excretory village leaders gather pants shit important decisions paused course moscow larger arkady stopped short excuse say annoy couldn annoy occurs taking investigation arkady touched suede arm resumed stroll re help minute think russian business genius troubles mean wouldn genius find worth killing russians flattery admiration furs buy gold carry trouble disposing bag bag arkady slapped hands explosively deed girl dead killer shovels food bottles gun leather bag torn shots skates park snowing growing dark park put ice skates bag hopefully noticed rid park wastebasket case bag found moscow reported
divers kicked spinning murk winter silt sealed floodlights lowered water hand seen fin probed underwater effluent pipes maxim gorky tannery joined embankment road militiamen lanterns waved occasional early morning truck arkady crossed unlit area william sat deep shadows arkady car promise arkady hotel want embassy stick eyes glinted dark splash embankment diver floodlight rattled chain militiamen pushed loose ice floes wall poles arkady showed thick envelope forensic reports bodies found gorky park arkady relied peculiar familiarity heavy footed profanity militiamen suspicious glare militia lanterns professional environment investigators undisturbed reasoning reached conclusion arkady kgb kgb genuinely ignorant let reached james arkady asked brother arkady handed envelope car window trade completed mention envelope william wanted help investigation delivered dental chart ray moscow brought weapon willing deal didn attack didn gun anymore didn matter
passages lower station marble floors crystal chandeliers rounded walls mosaics revolutionary panoramas flesh gun fire colored stones hid hiss tremor unseen trains arkady ran past small mongolian soldiers dragging single heavy suitcase past mosaic lenin addressing bolsheviks musician stepped glassy pumps lenin rallying factories tired couples dawdled lenin hunched manifesto arkady couldn irina couldn hear echo steps running simply disappeared end passage low arches led passenger platform train pulling strangers steel glass folks veterans slipping seats provided lovers daring sway blur red lights tunnel arkady didn think train couldn sure track light bulb numerals large digital clock changed started count rush hour trains minute hushed insistent trembling tunnels night end service train minutes previous platform conductors sturdy grandmothers blue uniforms metal flags hands rounds benches whispered reluctant lovers train coming train arkady asked tall young looking woman brown hair conductor misunderstanding shook head sympathetically darted passage opposite platform trains direction passengers mirror left mongolian soldiers sat suitcase pair prize dolls waiting won
arkady met misha small church end saint majority churches ago museums cultural restoration barrier scaffolding rotted crumbling walls arkady pushed door open stepped dark catching glimpse puddles bird droppings stone floor door closed match flared lit candle illuminating misha arkady central pillars church broken bars faint light ceiling dome rainwater dripped ran pillars interior covered christs angels plaster cracked paint faded left forms hovering candle light pigeons rustled windows dome re early misha wrong natasha couldn talk apartment re half hour early let talk misha strange mop hair uncombed clothes looked slept arkady glad persuaded stay car natasha asked lawyer friend mine heard statements giving court divorce hearing set tomorrow don arkady surprised felt news talks party repeated court chief investigator misha asked saying things lawyer statements lose party card finished court won able
morning arkady called detective chief investigator moscow finally called arkady closed eyes dark window eat asked called ask find copy encyclopedia clothes traces chicken fish blood buying chicken fish minks eat chicken fish remember arkady thefts area unusual incidents fur collectives unusual fire november collective killed animals accounted badly burned dead appreciable loss actually valuable inquiry negligence proved autopsies animals show definitely actually died fire exactly died investigator assure moscow thought hanging arkady quietly dressed left apartment walking square public phone answer misha apartment called woke swan andrew walked apartment stood bedroom wall watching irina
hundred kilometers north leningrad plain russian town finnish city train rails crossed border fence yards customs sheds discreet radio bunkers side dirty snow lay russian side russian trains spur burned low grade coal cleaner snow finnish side finns diesels arkady stood commandant soviet border patrol station watched finnish major return finnish frontier guard post fifty meters swiss commandant spat sweep soot side nerve halfhearted attempt fasten red tabs collar border patrol arm kgb staffed largely veterans regular army commandant neck thick nose aimed sideways brows honest month asks damned chest devil framed arkady match hands light cigarettes soviet guard watched track assault rifle looked plumber tool hanging shoulder guard shifted weapon rattled wind re aware chief investigator moscow authority commandant told arkady moscow arkady stamps papers victim hands border major led pair frontier guards customs shed foothills led finnish lake country land ironed flat sprinkled ash shrubs
car blue clean drove south waving casually police squad car passed struck arkady wesley missing panic barcelona hotel bulletin police cars suspect important informer don understand fbi allow arkady matter criminal organ justice towns book book york diplomat hits car shoots dog rapes wife goes home quietly small israeli army small palestinian army castro cubans bureau cubans play chambermaid clean mess driving strange city night imagination filled wasn seen shadows arkady chimneys works walls side streets bureau playing differently safe apartments put barcelona security stinks billy rodney top fishy suggests wesley want record bureau say mention kind deal talked arkady lie hesitation set nerves mouth talked girl kind takes lot pleasure applying screws
arkady woke snow blowing horizontally windows appeared room spinning wesley george ray stood bed heavy coats chair propped door floor ray carried suitcase george held gun irina woke pulled sheet want arkady asked dressed wesley re going today wesley trade supposed tomorrow arkady protested moved wesley supposed tomorrow arkady changed matter irina sat clutching sheet free today re free say wesley re taking arkady asked want bed george leave dress arkady wesley sure concealing getting bed arkady shoot george aimed gun arkady irina held arkady hand began move precautionary measure wesley clothes ray opened suitcase foot bed complete outfit clothes big balls kgb agent george asked arkady irina bed naked keeping eyes arkady moved front window slowly complete turn arms body kgb arkady think find sizes correct ray told irina
heard irina shouting stood inside compound gate calling couldn called stay investigator yelled gun let shoot run arkady shouted irina let irina car investigator wounded needs medical attention won irina called arkady arkady promise shoot arkady empty cage picked crowbar inserted narrow end padlock neighboring cage sable inside stilled watched arkady let weight drop bar snapped cage door swung open sable jumped arkady chest aisle shed seen move quickly snow sable darted snow soft paws tail whipping snow arkady inserted bar padlock pushed cried arkady caught sable cage held clawed escape stood end aisle rifle raised arkady threw sable stepped raised rifle fired arkady dropped aisle floor leg gave fired shots took stomach worked round breech arkady shots hit heart shot caught throat
liquidation capital assets proceeding rapidly allegedly richest country united states america worried white house calling massive conversion coal oil gas demanding gigantic efforts search exploit remaining treasures earth look figures put forward heading fuel requirements million tons coal equivalent need twenty times large million tons twenty looking backwards roughly end war ii course fuel consumption trebled involved increase million tons coal equivalent calmly talking increase times large ask answer comes say apologies john kenneth galbraith case bland leading blind cast question wrong headed carries implicit assumption dealing income capital special children running today planning retirement questions answers seen absurd moment realise dealing capital income fossil fuels recycled
clear rich process stripping endowment cheap simple fuels continuing economic growth produces exorbitant demands result cheap simple fuels easily dear scarce poor countries acquired wealth education industrial sophistication power capital accumulation needed application alternative fuels significant scale exploratory calculations course prove proof future case impossible remarked predictions unreliable future required judgement exploratory calculations help inform judgement case calculations important respect magnitude problem realistic treat unit fuel resources unevenly distributed shortage supplies matter slight immediately divide haves entirely lines specially favoured areas middle east north africa attract envious attention scale scarcely imaginable today high consumption areas western europe japan move position residual legatees source conflict proved future short term future thirty dismiss threatening problems suggestion turn simply enormous altogether unheard discoveries reserves oil natural gas coal
say economic future determined economists exaggeration influence case influence economics reaching doubted economics plays central role shaping activities modern supplies criteria economic set criteria exercises greater influence actions individuals groups governments thought look economists advice overcome dangers difficulties modern finds achieve economic arrangements peace permanence economics relate problems discussed previous chapters economist delivers verdict activity economically sound important closely related questions arise verdict mean verdict conclusive sense practical action reasonably based going history recall talk founding professorship political economy oxford ago means happy prospect edward oriel college want admit university curriculum science prone rest henry drummond park endowed professorship felt clear expected university study proper place professor nassau senior certainly inferior place
easy going kind logic believe fast transport instantaneous communications open dimension freedom trivial respects overlook fact achievements tend destroy freedom making extremely vulnerable extremely insecure conscious policies developed conscious action mitigate destructive effects technological developments destructive effects obviously severe large countries seen frontiers produce structure bigger decision cross frontier uproot native land try put roots land move frontiers country factor bigger country destructive effects traced rich poor countries rich countries united states america produces mentioned megalopolis produces rapidly increasing intractable problem drop outs footloose find place society directly connected produces appalling problem crime alienation stress social breakdown level family poor countries severely largest produces mass migration cities mass unemployment vitality drained rural areas threat famine result dual society cohesion subject maximum political instability illustration let case peru capital city lima situated pacific coast population early fifty ago
estrangement breeds loneliness despair encounter nothingness cynicism empty gestures defiance greater part existentialist philosophy general literature today suddenly turns mentioned ardent adoption fanatical teaching monstrous simplification reality pretends answer questions estrangement science triumphant power environment complete progress faster lack despair religious thinkers kierkegaard leading mathematicians scientists russell things ortega put succinctly live human level ideas depends living thing education transmission ideas enable choose thing quote ortega live meaningless tragedy disgrace instance knowledge law thermodynamics help lord snow tells educated deplore illiteracy scientists asks describe law thermodynamics response reports cold negative says asking scientific equivalent read shakespeare statement challenges entire basis civilisation matters tool box ideas experience interpret
subjects matter specialised connected centre rays emanating sun centre constituted basic convictions ideas power move words centre consists metaphysics ethics ideas transcend facts transcend facts proved disproved ordinary scientific method mean purely subjective relative mere arbitrary conventions true reality transcend facts apparent paradox thinkers true reality adherence set ideas inevitably lead disaster education help produces truly educated knows bit knows details subjects thing fact detailed knowledge facts theories treasure encyclopaedia britannica knows truly touch centre doubt basic convictions view meaning purpose able explain matters words conduct show sureness touch stems clarity try explain bit meant centre human activity striving thought helps ask question
warnings uttered merely remain unheeded treated derision contempt general fuel supplies scare discovery oil natural gas sahara netherlands north sea alaska hailed major event fundamentally changed future prospects type analysis assumed enormous discoveries main criticism today exploratory calculations figures slightly understated events moved faster expected ten twelve ago today suggesting problem oil companies main dispensers bland assurances figures provided totally disproved case nearly half capacity half workable reserves western european coal industries destroyed changed tune organisation petroleum exporting countries amount arabs agree let non arabs today clear greatest cartel monopoly seen oil exporting countries depended oil importing countries depended today clear based wishful thinking need oil consumers demand oil exporting countries acting unison fact raise revenues simple device curtailing output
modern shaped metaphysics shaped education turn brought science technology going metaphysics education say modern shaped technology tumbles crisis crisis sides prophecies disaster visible signs breakdown shaped technology continues shaped looks sick wise look technology technology felt inhuman consider technology human face strange say technology course product tends develop laws principles human nature living nature general nature speak knows stop greater mystery natural growth mystery natural cessation growth measure natural things size speed violence result system nature part tends balancing adjusting cleansing technology say dominated technology technology limiting principle terms instance size speed violence possess virtues balancing adjusting cleansing subtle system nature technology super technology modern acts foreign body numerous signs rejection
possession requisite knowledge requires systematic creative effort bring technology active existence generally visible experience difficult recapture directness simplicity advance direction sophistication complexity rate engineer researcher increase complexity takes flair real insight things simple insight easily allowed alienated real productive balancing system nature fails recognise measure limitation activity fails recognise limiting principle devil developing countries forced recognise limitations poverty wholesome school genuinely trying help gain knowledge experience help think conflict attitudes decide future side think cope threefold crisis methods current call forward stampede side search style seek return basic truths call home let admit forward stampede devil tunes popular familiar tunes stand say standing means going forward wrong modern technology incomplete let complete
applicability intermediate technology course universal products typical outcome highly sophisticated modern industry produced industry products urgent need poor poor need simple things building materials clothing household goods agricultural implements return agricultural products urgently need places trees water crop storage facilities agricultural populations helped immensely stages processing products ideal fields intermediate technology numerous applications ambitious kind quote examples recent report relates recent tendency fostered policy african asian latin american governments oil refineries territories small markets international firms design small petroleum refineries low capital investment unit output low total capacity say barrels daily units efficient low cost bigger capital intensive refineries conventional design relates package plants ammonia production recently designed small markets according provisional data investment cost ton package plant sixty tons capacity dollars conventionally designed unit daily capacity tons conventional plant small require investment approximately dollars ton idea intermediate technology imply simply going history methods outdated systematic study methods employed developed countries say hundred ago yield highly suggestive results
needs poor simple range studies undertaken fairly limited perfectly manageable task tackle systematically requires set present set primarily geared funds present development effort mainly carried government officials donor recipient country words administrators training experience entrepreneurs innovators possess specific technical knowledge productive processes commercial requirements communication problems assuredly essential role play attempt proceed closely social groups industry commerce trained discipline pay wages fridays professional academics research workers journalists educators facilities ability inclination think write communicate development difficult successfully groups working isolation donor countries recipient countries achieve call combination stands administrators stands businessmen stands communicators intellectual workers professionals descriptions combination effectively achieved real impact appallingly difficult problems development rich countries thousands able walks involved contribution fight poverty contribution goes forking bit money outlets
follows suggest biggest single collective decision country position india choice technology laying law simply saying hard facts lot things argue argue arithmetic jobs high level jobs low level course links factors mentioned education motivation knowhow india fifty million pupils primary schools fifteen million secondary schools roughly half million institutions higher learning maintain educational machine kind scale course pointless end pipeline chance apply knowledge thing ghastly burden rough picture educational effort show think terms million jobs terms hundred thousand jobs recently say fifty seventy ago things present standards primitive connection refer chapter ii john kenneth galbraith industrial fascinating report ford motor company ford motor company set june capital issued paid cash
galbraith spoken private affluence public squalor significant referred united states repeatedly accordance conventional measurements richest country public squalor richest country fact countries gross national product adjusted size population markedly smaller economic growth present american level unable rid public squalor maybe accompanied increase reasonably expect growth mitigate remove explained large countries highest growth rates tend polluted afflicted public squalor altogether astonishing degree gross national product united kingdom grew say cent million money additional wealth fulfil nation aspirations assuredly private ownership bit wealth arises immediately automatically privately appropriated public authorities income reduced extracting pockets citizens monies citizens consider rightfully surprisingly leads endless battle wits tax collectors citizens rich help highly paid tax experts poor effort stop loopholes tax laws complicated demand income tax consultants larger
scheme lines question compensation arise expropriation strict sense word conversion public hand levy profit taxes direct participation economic assets taxable profits obtained conversion explicit recognition undoubted fact major role creation private economic wealth case played public hand say non capitalist social forces assets created public contribution recognised public private property questions immediately arise divided groups precisely meant public hand newly issued shares representative public hand context rights ownership possession shares carry questions relating transition existing system treatment international combines raising capital regards set questions propose newly created shares representing fifty cent equity held local body district enterprise question located purpose degree public participation integration business enterprises social organism operate derive incalculable benefits half share equity business operating district held local body generally representative population district
social councils full control revenues flowing dividends publicly held shares general guiding principles regard expenditure funds laid legislation insist high degree local independence responsibility objection social councils scarcely relied dispose funds provokes obvious reply guarantee funds controlled local authorities generally present central government contrary safe assume local social councils truly representative local community concerned devote resources vital social needs expected local central civil servants turn set questions transition present system proposed present difficulties mentioned questions compensation arise half share equity purchased abolition company profits taxes companies size treated size definition set initially small number large firms affected transition gradual experimental large enterprises scheme pay dividends public hand bit paid profit taxes scheme act socially desirable incentive avoid excessive size worth emphasising conversion profit tax equity share significantly alters psychological climate business
top looked stark reminder civilization jumble oil drums gasoline cans wooden crates piles tin cans trash number bare ugly gashes cutting tundra leading deserted campsite gashes foot deep gullies running parallel started ago wheels vehicle driver care tire tracks erode gullies leaving deepening damaging imprints fragile ground looking trash lying oil exploration crew left deep freeze things readily decay imagine crew thinking harm litter midst millions desolate acres land hitched ride david inspection runs senior resource scientist coordinating federal planning activities alaska landed small float plane alaska million lakes known lake elevation check team scientists hired oil companies conduct ecological studies soil wildlife conditions trip part research series articles writing christian science monitor proposed oil pipeline alaska month tour summer trying find stake controversial decision facing secretary interior walter decision determine destiny frontier
banter court alive dead dead bell argued allowing appellate court ruling stand endangered species discovered river impoundment scheduled place bell hypothesized dam shut eliminated argued injunction warranted waver action tva refusing accept endangered species act provisions violation law justices asked chief factors weighed million spent bell replied exactly pointed senate appropriations committees approved committee reports continued funding dam bell contended showed intent congress complete project intent override endangered species act tva experiment transplanting snail river success species endangered law clear secretary interior veto power stop project questioning bell admitted completing dam modify critical habitat violation law satisfactory answer chief justice warren burger criticized attack position cabinet department coming court unified government position easy resolve issues vast importance country cabinet level departments sword point burger irritation
bill floor vote contained thanks caldwell senate committee staff committee deliberations added section important part act section required legislative proposal major federal action significantly affecting quality environment responsible federal official consider environmental impacts proposed action adverse environmental effects avoided born revolutionary environmental impact statement requirement section bill worked congress december portions bill important section require federal officials cognizance environmental implications actions provided opportunity environmental concerns applied decisions final hours congress members rushing home holidays national environmental policy act passed congress significant debate opposition days later christmas eve received phone call john whitaker white house staff responsible environmental affairs talked frequently news source whitaker left speechless president wants nominate members council environmental quality recovered regain voice started rattling reasons didn think job wasn ecologist biology course high school college comparative newcomer environmental arena whitaker interrupted protests remind law require council members scientists ecologists
public barred met council members chief executive officers nation major corporations showed interest briefing ceq activities posed questions concluded sitting decided ask question wondering companies voluntary basis prepare environmental assessments major actions affect environment quickly explain assessment necessarily lead adopting environmentally acceptable method give process bringing environment considerations enable look alternatives government agencies required possibility answered asked comments idea met wall silence sounded ridiculously impractical occasion representing council conference ran friend public relations director large corporation extensive interests food products chemicals told corporate voluntary environmental impact statement idea enthusiastic thought boss board chairman chief executive officer interested company institute system executive arrive conference give speech friend tell sat lunch talked company chief sense corporate social responsibility liked idea
unique effort grown chance meeting blustery winter evening stanley dempsey roger hansen arrived simultaneously locked gate denver attend meeting thought scheduled night nearby tavern phone found meeting week sat beer discovered immediately shared interest hiking outdoors lawyers dempsey worked considered enemy environment hansen executive secretary colorado open space council helped lead successful fights preserve colorado scenic areas developers talked sipped beer dempsey decided limb hansen idea mind roger major mining company found big ore deposit scenic mountain area willing completely open planning responsible environmentalists environmental community willing constructive suggestions jump try kill dempsey treading risky ground details company plans closely held secret cleared idea top brass hansen reacted wrong consequences chose words carefully team company environmentalists possibly develop major mine environmental basis dempsey continued roger hansen quiet moment thinking hazards involved cooperating mining company expect accusations sellout worse environmental colleagues
advocate free market system macgregor spent interview complaining congress environmental protection agency writing enforcing pollution control laws idea instant correction things going problem environmentalists understand clearly industrial process economic process ill equipped cope demands environmental lobby practical terms demands agree term goals achieved spans practical technological competence economic capability undermining validity legislative process putting books insupportable legislation macgregor especially singled sulfur oxide emission standards set environmental protection agency termed instant emissions wrong attack objected strip mining bill debated congress writing surface mining bill residents urban areas clue goes environmentalists claim completely untrue macgregor president american mining congress association mining companies lobbied washington bill wrote bill solve environmental problems serve constituencies flock preconceived notions things keeps close watch strip mining bills proposed laws affect mining activities instance company official testified hearing legislation affecting public lands alaska bill opposed place large amount alaska public land national parks national wildlife refuges designated wilderness areas mining allowed
visited general motors headquarters detroit found active environmental program earlier contacts led anticipate company combined sections hundred person environmental activities staff headed professor hired university california gm vice president majority environmental staff efforts involved automobile truck emission controls responsibilities included supervision plant environment vehicle fuel economy resource recovery noise control automotive safety engineering product quality assurance david potter heads environmental activities staff physicist served ford administration secretary navy staff supervisory research focuses plants general motors staff group prepares environmental assessments manufacturing facilities evaluating impact facilities major modifications existing plants environment resource recovery unit charge recycling effort company scrap metal cardboard wood pallets oil task force looking ways improve automobiles changing materials hundred facilities gm installed water pollution control systems operation federal law mandatory chevrolet plant parma ohio built experimental sulfur oxide stack scrubber system makes high sulfur coal generate electricity meet ohio air pollution regulations gm employs consultant nation leading ecologists david gates advises problems involving siting plants manufacturing processes present threats health environment existing plants
senior vice president nation leading insurance companies expressed akin shock asked company applied environmental standards lending company course acknowledged need social responsibility equal opportunity employer pass judgment purpose loan basis environmental considerations inquire environmental record organization invest unthinkable sole responsibility interests policyholders investors company employees responsibility high return investment financial institution bank insurance company mortgage trust plays significant role determining development takes place oil pipeline planned shopping center home development put money rarely developer wondered banks insurance companies saw line defense protecting quality citizens community farther afield looked examples lenders investors premise lending institutions able build environmental considerations banking policies discovered part study environment banking center corporate priorities public interest group los center looked significant environmental impact lending trust policies thirty major commercial banks nation loans business industry amount billion banks policies protect improve environment specific banks process follow policies
felt recommendations significant change company operated try obtain information warned able find fraction effect procedure circulated company results known top management aware recommendations specific requirements thought checking environmentally harmful activities loan applicants companies invest rendered unnecessary strong federal pollution control laws sufficient john hancock analysts company project consideration laws regulations standards set government later passed information received company results environmental policy adoption reports gave mixed picture loan agreements covenant requiring borrower remain material compliance federal environmental regulations loan steel mill instance covenant required company comply promptly laws codes acts governments including laws related pollution control zoning land subdivision electric power company applied loan meet sulfur oxide emission requirements federal laws john hancock wrote loan agreement covenant requiring applicant certification independent engineers technique method exists control control emissions commercially feasible
coeur idaho proved johnson point ago donation cans appeared coeur borah elementary school bearing label help save hill donation cans small part lawyer scott reed campaign save piece land needed community young lawyer environmental activist wife mary lou took sixty school children outing hill kids asked reed hand shot times ten twenty hundred shouted bet thought city owned thing reed heads nodded explained threat hill generations citizens hiked trails scrambled steep slope rocky ledges swum beaches invigorating cold water lake coeur city owned protected acres hill purchasing shoreline water supply area explained reed homes built acre hill problem owners remaining acres recently sold half acre lot home construction formally requested sewer extension city reed took children homes built hill built homes favorite part hill hike swim play asked urbanization hill appeared inevitable reed started campaign townspeople happy prospects development hill took attitude part progress theorized hurt town person wanted property
knows extensive land movement attributable dissatisfaction quality cities suburbs york times article estimated movement attracted tens thousands nation york west virginia colorado california england southern states seen large drift buying small plots turning organic gardening crafts books periodicals rural living heating cooking wood generating power wind water sun sale magazines organic gardening mother earth news quarterly gaining popularity hankering simpler ways feeling land hunger community manifested nationwide commune movement number fallen late living communal farms urban households counted thousands character current communal living arrangements free living hippie style communes abounded late early havens lonely alienated young today communal households organized theory families individuals live cheaply separately takes fuel warm house chores energy efficient independent cutting wood tending gardens composting garbage recycling trash easily accomplished staple groceries cheaper bought prepared quantity environmental ethic primary motivation communal groups generally style living tends lighter impact earth resources conventional lifestyles
schumacher warned industrial nations capital nature disastrous rate misguided sense values wasteful production oriented economic systems resulting pollution harm ecological systems threaten disdained usual ways measuring progress modern economists judge standard living amount annual consumption assuming person consumes consumes schumacher suggested seek obtain maximum minimum consumption modern economics distinguish renewable nonrenewable materials cheapest automatically preferred schumacher held nonrenewable resources needlessly extravagantly act violence complete nonviolence attainable earth schumacher nonetheless duty aim ideal nonviolence schumacher met trip united states wrote small beautiful compelling speaker delightful individual met small wall street luncheon arranged hazel henderson taught economist leader showing redirect american economy produce society quality invited schumacher discuss theories activities important financial vice presidents american telephone telegraph prudential insurance couple writers surprise slight accent schumacher native germany lasted moment talked minutes edge chair actually kinds things searching
financial common position executives met condition loans individual corporate applicant planned funds environmentally harmful practices remember expression shock face vice president major insurance company asked company environmental policy concerning loans investments indignant expect thing told corporations delve financial soundness company individual requesting loan corporate official responsibility stockholders clients give highest return dollar wonder company considered policyholders want company policy concerned term interests community holder annuity instance choice interested kind living environment twenty received income annuity agree slightly reduced profit company interests term welfare environment kind approach found largely absent business financial leaders waiting shareholders general public demand change policy behalf greater environmental concern company leadership consider place suited supporting enlightened environmental policies trade associations find signs concern industry wide trade wide adoption environmental code ethics unsuccessful maine bankers code reported chapter
find government corporations entities private sector organizational structures environmental effects decisions actions structures proved effective individual organization sufficiently imbued environmental ethic give force environmental concerns individual business leader lawmaker public official local citizen activist cared lead encountered environmentally caring decisionmakers found actions resulted kind enlightened interest acting restricted personal interests considering neighbors community natural decisions widened span interest preoccupation consideration includes future practicing called environmental citizenship considering impact decisions living responsible members nature system amounts environmental citizenship abiding law voting paying taxes acting responsibly community constitute political citizenship decision makers practicing environmental citizenship personal sense values essentially prevailing system sense values makes willing power structure community town company legislative body government agency environmental citizenship widespread major shift values takes place research interviews posed questions existing basis decision making encountered deal skepticism environmental goals significance environmental ethic need shift values
society harbors belief technology solve problems belief incompatible environmental ethic social ethic technology provide adequate protection environmental social impacts bring problems solutions seen recent looked technological panaceas brought unforeseen undesirable side effects unknown future consequences uncertainty effects humanity activities reasons treading lightly planet face uncertainty need act sense humility applies equally environment prime concern believe environmentally correct acting bring unforeseen consequences future excuse arrogance part environmentalists key values beliefs need due weight woven balanced advocate wide scale shift values basic values handed generation generation unrealistic expect kind values talk adopted certainly values shift easily quickly prevailing values change subtly occasionally radically values undergo change result laws case civil rights laws instance congress hoped legally imposed change behavior eventually produce change racial outlook similarly authors national environmental policy act believed legal requirement environmental impact statements produce change values government decision making judging results laws date method strong effect values
calkins knew asked kid told guy black bangs kid curl lip side smelled skunk saying bad terrific knew gave birthday presents stuff monster models plastic ice cubes flies liked magic running hundred knew told gym knew beer cans told collection town modest dad brought pike peak ales colorado asked wanted trade sure school bagged fairly choice cans hill park sitting top high slide holding big brown grocery bag lap curling lip line kids waiting big guy lot taller kindergarten kids couldn budge insects live leaning line king mountain kids slide stomped steps shouted girl threw big yellow beach ball hit shoes sneered started roaring slide steps shrieked turned group whipping sack head
told truth didn cans closer lot doubles don told maybe contest judges count maybe find lying lot trades hustle thought realize collection midnight couldn close eyes needed plan sure win hard sure thing fix thick peanut butter toast help think brain needed quick energy dark tiptoed quietly cold floor suddenly flying rocket stars prove stepped smack middle skateboard shot backwards flung forward slammed headfirst foot stacks beer cans cans touched piles set avalanche going cans lying scattered floor maybe minute quiet big brother peter snapped light harvey asked eyes half open floor green bay packers pajamas beer cans heaped feet rubbing head soon focused peter closed eyes shook head quiet steady harvey don grow
flicked light peak ceiling dad wired told didn finish billy asked pounding fists boarded windows looks weird half open half shut quit explained julia complaining mosquitoes spiders spooky maybe ghosts sharks sure waste billy picking loose board wood build tree house re building things forget guys opening door let move roof harvey want rid billy tossing ball air moving inch open door yeah simon re kids reputations pesty breaking windows arms running prize roses riding wet concrete sure careful door open waited going waste big beer problem staring face re seconds going lumber beer cans breathed billy drink beer law won tell soul simon seriously billy crossed heart nodded knock guys told information don drink beer collect empty cans tell didn believe
omri patrick spent hours playing joint collections plastic toys moment patrick brought present school omri birthday omri disappointed tried show asked patrick omri stood silently indian hand yes fantastic omri slightly flattish voice haven indian haven cowboys couldn play omri opened mouth say won able thinking hurt patrick feelings put indian pocket forgot school family tea excitement presents parents older brothers dearest wish skateboard complete wheels mum dad eldest brother adiel helmet brother bought money pocket money stopped ago connection unfortunate accident involving father bicycle turn give omri present omri surprised large parcel put untidily wrapped brown paper string look found alley alley narrow passage ran bottom garden dustbins stood boys play occasionally found treasures richer neighbors thrown
fortunately parents living room watching television able tiptoe kitchen dark passage dared turn light refrigerator light surveyed inside refrigerator indians eat meat chiefly supposed deer meat rabbits sort animals shoot land needless say sort biscuits jam peanut butter sort thing problem omri felt sure indian foods suddenly searching eyes fell open tin sweet corn found paper plate drawer picnic stuff lived took teaspoonful corn broke crusty corner bread thought cheese drink milk surely indian braves drink milk drank called firewater films presumably hot drink omri dared heat ordinary coke american drink lucky bit big bottle left birthday took wish cold meat wasn clutching coke bottle neck hand paper plate omri sneaked upstairs fast beating heart left indian sitting edge shelf dangling legs trying sharpen knife metal jumped soon saw omri food asked eagerly
soldiers thing wars battles terrorism going place couldn switch television seeing news killing killed thirty scalps including french hundreds ago bad tried imagine bear full size bent french soldier holding hair hand running point scalping knife yuk omri pushed door walked unsteadily downstairs wonder felt slightly afraid indian asked swallowing repeatedly feeling sick put bear cupboard lock door turn plastic knife kitchen ransacked mother store cupboard tin meat found corned beef opened tin opener wall dug chunk teaspoon put absently mouth stood chewing indian didn surprised giant house england shown superstitious believing magic evil spirits thought omri kind genie indians believed wonder wasn frightened genies giants spirits supposed powerful omri supposed happened son indian chief simply didn scared easily ordinary
muffled sounds movement thought catch low murmur voices sounded tell familiar voices soft tone thought detect urgency heart beat quickly usual thing awakened family awakened mind thing turn try sleep telephone rang shrill summons meant house trying rouse operator sounded outrageously loud quiet night jump bed creaked nerves ceased tingle rang remembered ring times succeeded waking boy supposed duty night exchange chance persuaded answer times rang succeeding person telephone twirled handle longer furiously question trying wake rest family lorna sure slept performance regular breathing belinda bed waver movement fanny cot heard father voice sharper edge usual say awake sure doctor roberts house quickly
edward robbie feed rabbit pack ill assorted collection dogs rabbits sunday didn turn weekends belinda lorna coming shutting fowls night collecting eggs fanny usual tow met stockyards hurry stop warm summer afternoon half past sun shone trace midday heat stockyards house sheds stood dry earth beaten fine dust passage feet hooves breeze passage mob sheep lift air hung pall hour smell dust nostrils constant months summer usual rain sheds consisted usual collection outhouses machinery shed shearing shed quarters hay shed cow stalls couple tall cylindrical galvanized iron silos storing grain moment parts empty oat crop spring success exception silos fairly sheds badly need repair doors sagged hinges roofing iron flapped loose corners timber supports obviously feeling pressure sheer age
lorna glanced saw sun dazzling red ball horizon hopped fence swirl dust landed help mum tea anyway jumped descending thicker cloud dust begin lorna holidays tell re want don tell edward secret silly idea dad collect money happens questioned truth statement knew true fan belinda whisper glanced fanny distant corner yard making pattern laid eggs dust forgotten existed opportunity discuss plan minds evening mrs barker found excessively willing unusually absentminded lorna edward concerned put thought school wondered anxiously edward boarding school lorna minded minded edward home lover bush children known farther west young days inclined run hide sight stranger edward habit vanishing unobtrusively sight strange car
lorna edward left train belinda noticed baby shop belinda noticed sold things baby clothes big town support specialized shops baby clothes noticed window full laid skill catch eye caught belinda eye enjoyed sewing knitting considered sewer family reputation pains retain nice tried hard mother occasionally baby clothes country women association red cross church fairs took professional interest baby clothes looked powers complicated knitting patterns embroidery stitches wondered money shop gave difficult clothe newly born babies week baker shop buy bread mother pleased friend sadie school counter greeted pleasure admired variety supposed qualities astonished mothers gee lovely party sadie mum liverish ate
gold robbie alert didn gold jack excited alluvial gold river find bit vein rock fellow looking reckon found asked robbie breathlessly jack laughed likely wouldn left thirty dug didn find dazzling possibilities unfolding robbie mind astonished jack guessed unlikely heaps shafts district bothers look gold rode jack forgot conversation interested trying decide amount dry grass clover burr paddocks hold growth autumn course didn rain autumn growth affairs barker refused consider jack optimism prudence father mind dreadful possibility dealt robbie forget suddenly felt opportunity arrived opened mouth tell jack thought pursuing investigations shaft left remembered jack think reason shouldn opportunity return shaft occur days
sudden panic heaved pushed pain horrible rotten timber squeaked groaned gave heavier lumps earth descended sudden terror pain screamed began cry scream deadened muffled hole supply air cut effort crying forced swallow dust dared move minutes quiet forced stop think began understand full grim situation cold deathly terror began creep longer dared move try start earth moving hillside descend top piece timber point began whimper softly imagination refused shied situation began wander light house nearly teatime belinda putting fowls bed jack coming putting calves mother bending bathtub trying grime fanny stove smell float kitchen door welcome returning workers unbidden picture served sharpen mental misery began wonder miss faint hope stirred knew hope find dig
mrs barker fanny picked wiped nose put saucepans stand fanny appeared sustained major injury returned sink fanny calmly leave belinda things don kitchen lessons told fanny gave sister black smoldering look silently took mrs barker turned attention belinda belinda unkindly wearily bad nightgown wash don hit fanny injured eskimos north pole surprise brought fresh bout sobs belinda raised sodden glistening face eyes hurt mrs barker put potato looked closely daughter face moment attractive sight unnatural eyes red puffy don silly dear blow nose wipe eyes try wailed belinda hurting morning re dreadfully sore dissolved ecstasy sobs robbie regarded mild disgust cut re wetting book angry belinda past caring nights sewing sleeping worn pain eyes fight left mrs barker left sink walked table
truth feeling days knowing barker jack beginning seriously worried drought fact recent effort jack buy feed winter met success reluctant add worry overburdened shoulders told feel past evening table prepared clear suddenly swayed fallen jack jumped caught put bed doctor called told mind soon meantime stay bed fortnight naturally protested protested doctor roberts brought saying extravagant unnecessary knew exactly say jack cross rude tone worried stay bed mum doctor roberts going ring mrs trevor trevor family lived nearby property called consisted sheila eldest university twins george university barbara lorna age recently begun find feet childhood hampered illness barkers admired liked trevors immensely
begin jill appearance found awe inspiring wore pair black trousers tight legs ending pair red white contrast trousers emphasized startling thinness wore red pullover loose baggy lorna felt sure castoff husband red silk handkerchief tied dark hair knotted top badge office totally incongruous rest appearance wrapped frilly apron middle penny brought lorna straight school train bounced cheerfully flat asked babies veranda darning basket jill praying bring lorna soon rummage basket longer able stitch darning babies lorna found james inclined solemn sally extremely lively baby slept placidly basket table big window darning basket tipped mess half unrolled balls wool tape elastic showers pins buttons indescribable mrs barker allowed moment lorna waiting introduced dived sally pair scissors fat fingers waved close proximity brother eyes scooped pins salvaged needle case stepped hands full lethal implements sorry suddenly realizing authority saving unknown children sudden death permanent maiming
tied pony understand stay garden unlike barkers orderly garden flowers edward envious outbuildings neglected jungle winding paths secret places overgrown shrubs taste found barbara sitting front steps greasing bridle rubbing vigorously looked smiled welcome hello edward looking wash lunchtime minute adequate lunch happened periods trevors cook mrs trevor george barbara present sheila stay friends mrs trevor asked mother george asked ride trevor looks re going stuck traveling cattle days put reserve george twenty hours eat place re longer poor things mrs trevor saw fowls look dreadfully hungry re trevor turned george bill jam wouldn hesitate difficult george leave indefinitely goodness knows going replace
dark alarm clock ejected edward bed morning cold frost moment reluctance springing bed warm pleasant embrace brain shook clouds sleep reluctance gave place slightly apprehensive excitement liked sure bill sorry hired prospect week camping hardened camper thrilling excursions kind barker children slipped clothes quickly crept polished linoleum passage kitchen surprise light coming kitchen door found mother dressing gown big fuel stove light smells toast frying bacon mum edward reproachfully wasn looked guiltily smiled didn able rest thinking proper breakfast thought bed hours sleep looked apologetic edward rubbed side head shoulder re terrible sort mum cup tea breakfast end enormous breakfast mrs barker sat bedroom slippers stuck fire tea buttered toast
shortly threw remains tea hot strong inexperienced palate picked quart pot horse feeling movement released jumped edward patted passed shamed front bill started edward sulky bill ginger tied underneath run wheels sulky obviously seen service seat floor piled high blankets frying pans parcels wrapped newspaper proved rations hurricane lamp slung swung dust crosswise beneath sulky fixed kind hammock hessian contained things butt chaff horses saddle horse tied harness horse bill climbed settled comfortably started cattle strung distance road feeding walked edward started hurry tail bill stopped leave em won em harm poor devils moved leisurely pace morning passed route dirt track traffic car turn bill send blue cattle dog digger straggling lines cattle moving side car room pass cattle quietly experienced
reached crest cattle apparently felt sufficient distance put terrors road stopped heads hanging sides heaving strings saliva swinging mouths backs wet rain cooling night air wisps steam rose edward allowed blackie minute regain breath quietly began edge flank mob attempt stampede definitely advantage disadvantage finally edward gotten front refused move efforts started met success darkness night enfolded discomfort rain fact felt traveled mixture guess event obviously stay double clear sigh grunt sat edward dark figures ground wondering lay likewise blackie animal left standing edward aware knees wet water begun trickle neck looked going exceedingly uncomfortable night point remaining dismounted idea finding sheltered place wait
told accident lucky cattle lightly number fairly badly bruised cuts gashes fit carry spell edward thank re worse mess george repeated bill told story edward tailed cattle miles country considered impassable stuck cold wet night managed find mention bill end strength found collapsed met end saying bill veteran seen edward equal perseverance sense direction bill actually finished ed full guts couldn lose im tried took bit say hoarse crow shouting story river sat drank tea mrs barker held teacup contents gently splashing bread butter plate eyes fixed george wore sort half smile george found adequate compensation trip
hour later edward lorna robbie encountered belinda face flushed eyes blazing scarcely articulate running words surprising let home let home quickly edward looked feeling sick belinda gave swift scornful look mail sadie says sure saw paper yesterday numbers won going mum ring says letter mail today hurry belinda drew badly needed breath lorna beginning look suitably impressed robbie numbers anyway told belinda gave list tell lucky asked edward didn couldn home looked wildly sign mrs barker moved car begin sooner home tell mum dad edward guess re sure want mum think awful thing happened fortunately wait parents arrived directions immediately pounced told lottery ticket
anna american born wisconsin family spoke polish families lived thought polish knew poland valley lived winding road creek wove edges low hills ravines valley spot road creek turned sharply farm anna parents homestead spring early summer road knee deep mud rain melting snow rushing hills settling low pockets ruts eventually water drained creek dried hot summer sunshine months stayed roadbed turning dirt oozing strip mud father horses oxen pull wagon plow deep mud mother complained spattered splashed clothes making extra washing anna loved warm days spring allowed barefoot things stomping marching slippery muddy road tried hold skirts splashed matter high held ended muddy spots blotches hems dress petticoats fooling mud asked mother crossly anna hung head shame
february anna family dressed clothes mother brought special velvet hood embroidered silver gold worn wedding poland ago wrapped hood head held place square silk shawl children bundled coats shawls scarves mittens mother handed hot baked potato hands warm ran jumped wagon box sat runners front house father jacob snapped place harnesses lord lady team pine creek anna brothers sisters meet aunt bridget cousins wonder anna whispered pauline soon answered february morning cold crisp sunny jingling horses bells spread clean air surrounding sled repeated pattern notes notes accents horses hoofs bit crunchy snow jingle jangle crunch scrunch jingle jangle crunch scrunch ears ringing cried anna cold clear days sound louder sharper soon turned corner farm edge pine creek anna unfinished steeple church remember big celebration father completed roof main part church
teasing anna jacob tried fool believing funny things told true laughed wait pretty soon indian woman bring baby brother sister days believed morning awakened baby brother didn indian woman insisted suppose baby julian pretty indian blanket jacob asked supposed seeds anna wondered silently carefully picked buckwheat kernels days later father jacob busy planting wheat oats fields stumps cleared starting barn stretching olszewski land corn buckwheat planted smaller fields hillsides occasional tree stumps clover seeds tiny pick father sowed clover lower meadow garden mother planted vegetable seeds peas radishes lettuce onions beans carrots beets rutabagas later set tiny cucumber cabbage plants sprouting box kitchen window seeds start growing asked anna soon warmed sun answered mother
grover moved side applied stethoscope wrong heart pumping strong want opinion think girl hypochondriac think enjoys sick cow rolled head grover direction blinked sad eyes let big hot belch smelled glue uncle ab returned stethoscope bag sat haunches cow burped couple times weakly flicked tail grover returned stethoscope bag sat waited diagnosis don think uncle ab professional calm let wait minutes happens grover give quart castor oil turn loose liked dumb cow swear don patience animals uncle ab aggravate heck don want veterinarian cow rolled glassy eyes turned yearning look uncle ab stomach rumbled tottered feet spent moment looking uncertain opened mouth stomach rumbled spewed pieces undigested cardboard disbelief looked shook head clear relieved look swayed stall clean air sunshine picked big mouthful hay grover mean care bed didn need sit wait vomit
wrong secret wasn told treated kid suddenly blue staggering licking lollipops asked anxious questions smooth answers cheated half truths intentions didn help anxiety left anger didn help fear hung mind aunt marty uncle ab whispered fear worry kitchen dim hallways shielded suddenly watched allowed stay room asleep busy moving interested sky ground garage uncle ab office book shelves radio today weather tomorrow food acquired power influence witty sudden laughed weak jokes big faults fled left didn matter talk rattled friend grover ellen grae yes ellen grae fine father arizona study sand painting coming tomorrow lottie cafe grandson yes boy bomb yes pie maybe save big piece don need help dishes let air dry rack
spoon poised slice melon ellen grae coldly disgusting put cover trying eat laid hand brown velvet tire sighed funny reckon wrong boy fat stomach ellen grae iron look knew awful looked fat place exercise try spread gently tire breathed covered shirt tail feels heavy maybe kind disease elephantiasis reason stomach sudden hey wonder maybe diabetic don em real skinny em real fat find re diabetics maybe glands ellen grae took dainty bite stand fat fat protested grover stomach wheeze don wheeze flesh cold flesh cold ellen grae fixed flat black stare re sluggish sluggish lookit look suck want muscle aunt marty uncle ab stood look uncle ab yessir muscle boy wish rid paunch easily yeah grover lookit look rid want
didn study test tony shifted seat raymond friend kindergarten smiled felt miserable smile toni looked teacher dour face antoinette douglas lunch ordered handed tony math test yes toni curious stares sixth grade classmates don worry toni study weekend mattie girlfriend leaning seat look toni test raymond looked bad thirty toni moaned king academy scores mattie thin face creased mixture concern anger bit lip told study whispered wasted writing susan letters bother answer thanks lot sympathy don need giving hard toni shoving test papers deep desk lunch don bother wait toni anger turned lump pure misery stood cluttered desk watching yank fingers gray wiry hair exploded head rippling eyebrows jumped eyes blinked times nose twitched mouth jerked corners antoinette expect pass entrance exam king academy end march realize months months miss douglas repeated removing thick glasses rubbing eyes suddenly toni knew carl brother felt home bad grade conduct
floor climb apartment quiet soon toni opened locks door carl threw inside headed kitchen toni dropped books living room searched note mother telephone table reading note took jacket walked hall past carl bedroom peeked mess toni stepped assess carl inside doorway tripped fell landing left side culprit silver black toy racing car tumbled wheels spinning air darn carl andrew douglas butt toni screamed gingerly ran hands left leg foot slowly straightened testing weight leg carl heard holding cracker hand glass grape juice carl perched room toy toys belong doorway fall toy box bed bed hear sorry toni munching cracker soon turned drifted hall living room color television carl don dare turn tv mama told tv home empty doorway toni listened couldn hear tv didn mean carl enjoyed sitting inches television sound turned wasn worth trip check
getting toni thought twenty minutes call mattie mattie hi stuck number finished correcting exam toni yawned lifted head muffle sound arm brushed tender breast toni thought tell mattie fears easier susan wasn talking mattie worth try uh mattie chest hurt mean cold breasts mine hurt toni explained silence haven noticed don toni wrong person ask mattie brisk reply toni heard tightness mattie voice hear susan busy father guess lot york mattie don acting thrilling marvelous happening pretending making stories mattie don goals buying clothes listening records wrong lot energy dreams argued toni imagination wanting fun likes boys don look toni don hate susan don dislike mattie words coming slowly funny remember downtown susan pretend blind lady gave dollars chortled recalling toni shocked face scared toni giggled policeman block toni waited
daddy minute mrs stamps looked smiled look pretty honey tell re ready leave okay daddy foot tapped rug toni pressed mrs stamps doorbell praying home toni dear trick treating mrs stamps asked need talk fine dear hannibal watching television look real gypsy red relieved toni stood hallway mrs stamps took arm led sofa happened mama carl trick treating daddy upstairs tell toni holding legs tightly lady sat close toni patting hand listening susan halloween party mattie waiting daddy pick bathroom getting ready toni couldn looked menstrual cycle started mrs stamps asked voice tender toni nodded mama told party tell shows toni asked scared walk dance going fine toni dear periods normal able don look shows sure toni stood turned slowly twenty twenty vision tell menstruating lovely gypsy carry extra sanitary napkins change need
fancy shop toni tagged susan selected sets skirts sweaters try saleslady showed dressing room counting items wish wouldn count susan shrugged clothes stepped amber suede skirt susan caught call folks police station toni york saw joanna snatch pairs gold earrings silk scarf arrested susan face glowed awful grown send jail toni wanting hear susan finished earrings brought susan paused face full secrets stole toni felt face flush saw earrings mirror susan pulled white cashmere cowl neck sweater dared try guess took pairs toni voice squeaked shirt mattie didn nerve paid dollars combination whirled sided mirror cast dismay toni face susan don steal daddy told happens steal wanted mama talk toni pinned susan words disappointed ashamed hey toni stop told re friend
toni reread math word problem glancing anxiously clock front room forced concentrate pretest running yeah number read thought toni jason saved sees bicycle costs sale money jason save purchasing bicycle sale price cares toni wrote erased subtracted pairs numbers discouraged read number slow fast boats going kilometers hour kilometer toni sighed feeling stomach heave tension gazed steadily working problem peering fog pinpoint amount left mattie oblivious raymond sharpening pencil susan finished reading romance book inside speller caught thought toni realized mrs swallow positioned susan took book clock front wall sped forward pausing lost amid planes trains watts kilometers radii toni heart sank mrs swallow collected tests tears immediately asking excused retreated girls bathroom wiped face computation word problems figure looked tear stained image mattie asked returned toni told word problems missed mattie admitted raymond added don worry toni
choice thursday toni school mother couldn afford toni knew parents felt school place put robe quiet bathroom wash brush teeth dressed eat breakfast help carl stack dishes jacket carl sure books run meet mattie susan mailbox today susan won dragged motions toni mind blank breakfast table poked bowl steaming oatmeal swallowing teaspoons carl munched piece toast honey drive school mrs douglas clearing table eye watch toni arranged face wan smile thanks mama school okay rewarded kiss parents concerned depended care carl toni squeezed sudden tears route school stretched endlessly past couple days carl vacillated frenetic play glum silence tongue tied moods ida pals called hello toni quickened steps taking carl gloved hand automatically eyes searched sign susan half expecting slender bold face grin hear susan call toni toni strut final blocks walker elementary school locked tighter secret friends mattie solemn steady mattie mattie wearing winter jacket lugging books
climbed steps crossed pedestrian bridge spanned freeway ahead favorite place susan lake dull gray waves whipped wind foamed frothed path shore ebb fall sun broke bands light streaked choppy surface water raymond stood rocks watching toni knelt cold sand clutching jacket close lowering head prayed dear jesus bring susan love stop alive amen hoping miracle toni lifted head flinch blast lake wind changed feel raymond asked walked toni remember sam sick grade asked trudged bus stop toni nodded sam raymond dog mutt sam gotten sick couldn walk look sam dog susan person girl helped vet put sleep wish help raymond saying happen sam feel susan toni began cry don bad things happen living projects seen lot trouble asked help family school king buy computer fight let eat money save money raymond
susie daddy told toni carl andrew douglas warned want susie miss carl don daddy mama started cry don cry toni reached mouth offered candy susan carl admitted permission form pocket susan foster funeral home visiting hours wake days saturday sunday funeral services held answering brother toni took small hand started walking home later afternoon toni forced homework missed relief think susan room quiet sound music box mattie called talked briefly mattie mouth sore fillings soon hung found brother standing toni susie don anyway re young nope jon ella harry edwards younger auntie dead told toni shook head tongue wedged left cheek carl looked meant business carl say stomped toni knowing wouldn stop
toni stared window lost times horse rides fireworks fried chicken potato salad picnics fights turn crank ice cream machine tasted cold watermelon humid august afternoon juicy sweet welcome saw susan mattie competing spit seeds farthest shouting swallowed seed start sprouting send green shoots nose ears mouth hysterical laughter soberly apologetic carl swallowed seed started cry happy families times suddenly shifted seat feeling flow period soon church black purple banners draped entrance ebenezer baptist church toni headed basement bathroom noisy congestion church family welcome lonely silent limousine ride choir dressed gospel choir adult choir children choir mrs buchanan choir director handed toni robe light blue trimmed gold braid minutes ten mattie ran tearing coat offering excuses zipped robe mom trouble starting car afraid call cab mattie smoothing folds robe toni glad mattie knowing sit choir pews organist played softly choirs marched toni beat music started remembering funeral mattie veteran knows thought toni seeing susan gasped mattie top casket closed susan breathe
reverend webster finished toni listened struggling sense explanation susan death plain someday grace love understand memories susan filled wondrous joy greater regret grief share today susan shared precious flower child lawrence family offer faith love comfort church shepherd barely hearing closing prayer toni slumped music family casket aisle church slow empty toni gazed reverend webster true susan flower garden friend toni mattie toni susan casket don want leave members choir filed leaving toni mattie ready mattie asked leaving won carl ran taking hand toni stood knees shaking susan buried jackson mississippi city seen visit grave looked times casket looked lonely small hope nice jackson warm toni confided mattie exchanged robes winter coats hats real warm pretty mattie forgot family toni wanted home wasn
want dance raymond asked uh toni stammered watched white cake melting ice cream half potato chips slid plate landing left shoe raymond scooping mess tossing nearby wastebasket upset asked toni shrugged shoulders king test toni half heard forgot part homework sputtered susan party today tears blurred view raymond looked traces red frosting smeared gym shoes furtively swiped feeling jerk toni handed handkerchief mom makes carry gratefully toni wiped eyes glasses wishing millionth parents buy contact lenses glasses fit twelve fourth grade thanks raymond folded handkerchief neat square held carry yes miss susan toni voice stronger watching dancing celebrating christmas wrong silent minutes raymond touched hand later merry christmas toni merry christmas toni replied bell rang mrs swallow gave children book chosen especially lovely holiday remember grateful class flew room toni held book shanghai museum exhibition
okay took deep breath write nice susan nice true stationery obediently group settled table pens pencils toni supplied carl couldn write drew picture mrs stamps patted hannibal wrote offering toni held hand letter written night mattie look pictures want read aloud burn pot want carl standing shrine picture susie playing swings drew lemon drops handed toni drawing lemon drop volunteered mrs stamps dearest susan bible says season season ended soon miss beautiful face vitality god bless happy birthday love elvira stamps susan birthday toni asked mother dear called california night upset depressed mrs stamps explained folding note passing toni guess mattie dear susan didn real guess miss seeing school exciting miss laugh didn want mattie toni added mattie note small pile read dear susan friend mattie miss hate killed secrets forever
toni groaned forty problems students allowed forty minutes minute problem toni found skipped knew trouble completed easy edge glancing moving hand clock unsure sucked lemon drop toni wrestled problem teacher called perspiring head aching grinding pressure short break class settled final mathematics problem solving twenty word problems answers correct toni forty minutes test kids cheered toni felt eyes mattie gave warm grin wink raymond turned gave thumbs sign mustering confidence toni concentrated teacher set instructions remember taught solving word problems won able help questions passed scratch paper toni bit fingernails image susan crossed mind think think scoring high king moment toni fully realized wanted king wanted scary ready set mrs swallow writing starting ending board gulping toni picked pencil grabbed scratch paper need draw pictures problems twenty problems school class took trip washington
test results announced mattie scored highest class reading toni raymond top toni examined slip paper results reading spelling language scores grades grade level math results toni thought found mathematics concepts mathematics computation important mathematics problem solving mattie shouted toni oblivious kids think scores high king don mrs swallow wait letter king mattie pulled scores toni congratulations mailbox hallway building center toni ran home dropped books floor opened mailbox finally letter king academy addressed parents toni dared open called parents begged home early home coats toni handed father envelope tore open letter office principal looks form letter let read contents aloud dear mrs douglas pleased inform daughter antoinette waiting list beginning seventh grade student fall class scores ranked entering students acceptance group waiting list due limited space
knows law rule tells laws tell drive faster miles hour property pay taxes income laws united states democracies laws created elected representatives women ideas think fair vote decide actually law kind law scientific law heard law gravity law decided change law gravity kind law speed limit law says pay taxes speed limits places interstate highways drivers travel miles hour crowded city streets drive slowly gravity works exactly matter country city france brazil united states drop ball fall fall rate break laws speed limit signs say drive faster happens try break law gravity drop ball thousand times earth fall rate speed fall sideways float place break law gravity
oceangoing ship weighs hundreds thousands tons float water answer begins oldest famous stories history science let imagine experiment decide bath turn water fill tub top tub filled overflowing step sit trying exactly happen fact try want lot mopping afterward tub gallons water pour floor according ancient story happened greek scientist archimedes twenty hundred ago archimedes sat overly full bathtub water flooded sides seeing water overflow gave archimedes brilliant idea excited idea jumped tub forgetting put clothes ran streets shouting eureka means found archimedes thinking things float sink couldn matter weight greek ships heavy floated tiny pebble sinks bottom sea archimedes found bathtub law buoyancy known archimedes principle honor archimedes principle says floating object pushes displaces amount water equal weight boat weighs pounds displace pounds water order float
italian scientists galileo moving ship sailor top mast drops object ship moving smoothly object falls base mast ship move object falling sailor falling object ship moving forward speed works standing galileo argued thing happens earth moving speed don experience motion astronomers realized copernicus idea big problem astronomers tried calculate paths orbits planets predictions didn planets didn follow circular orbits exactly astronomers thought improve predictions astronomers began adding circles circles maps complicated simpler explanation planets moved austrian astronomer johannes kepler finally found explanation kepler discoveries known laws planetary motion johannes kepler loved geometry believed circle perfect shapes believed universe god perfect creation thought planets travel perfect circles sun determined prove planets traveled circular orbits kepler spent making careful calculations orbits planets astronomical information
simple demonstration law drinking straw balloon tape ball string tie end piece string sturdy tie ground level tree trunk lamppost doorknob slip string plastic drinking straw pull string tight tie end sturdy object string tight sag middle slide straw end string inflate close end short piece string tied bow securely tape inflated balloon straw untie bow holding air balloon watch rocket air escaping balloon exerts force action newton law balloon rocket moves forward string opposite direction reaction force seen plastic toy rockets designed filled water pumped air pressure released air pressure forces water rocket rocket leaps air water jets course toy works newton law figure kind water rocket goes farther air powered balloon rocket newton law water mass air water accelerates rocket creates force amount air reaction force sends water rocket soaring
gravitation explained kepler laws planetary motion planets fall sun moon falls earth newton law says closer objects stronger gravitational attraction objects planet part orbit closest sun gravitation pulls strongly moves faster farthest part orbit gravitation pull weaker accelerates kepler law planetary motion describes kepler discovered planets farther solar system move slowly kepler law planetary motion newton law explains farther sun planet weaker force gravitation gravitational force means acceleration needed planet regular orbit newton showed ocean tides caused gravitational pull moon sun law universal gravitation helped astronomers discover planets planet uranus discovered astronomers noticed orbit slight wobble realized undiscovered planet pulling uranus gravitational force newton law astronomers calculated thought planet astronomer pointed telescope spot sky sure planet neptune planet pluto discovered similar newton description law universal gravitation shows difference mass weight mass amount matter makes object weight measure amount gravitational pull mass
conservation momentum picture loaded cannon mounted wheels cannon standing momentum imagine fire cannon cannonball flies barrel cannon cannon rolling backward amount force newton law motion says action equal opposite reaction cannonball cannon form system objects moving opposite directions amount force add momentum objects total amount force system objects fact newton law stating law conservation momentum knowledge momentum realizing walk run ride constantly judge momentum colliding objects approach stop sign bicycle judge momentum system moving objects includes moving bicycle apply pressure brakes according judgment fortunately brains ability estimate personal momentum effectively lot mathematical calculation looked momentum objects straight line motion kind momentum spin object kind momentum measured separately object rotation measured revolutions picture bowling ball ping pong ball suppose spinning revolution ball easier stop spinning obviously ping pong ball stopped force bowling ball
fire type chemical reaction think happens burn piece paper start full sized sheet paper flames die left pile ash weigh paper burn discover paper weighs ashes left certainly looks matter destroyed fire scientist early biggest puzzles side problem scientists knew heated chemicals iron powder mercury change appearance heavier matter created heated metals took scientists antoine lavoisier figure happening frenchman lavoisier credit stating law conservation matter lavoisier scientists explained objects lost weight burned combined substance air called phlogiston phlogiston supposed negative weight burning substance combined lighter heavier metals supposed give phlogiston heated explained heavier trouble seen phlogiston able collect laboratory lavoisier realized reason find phlogiston wasn discovered things burn combine oxygen gas air burning creates gases gases blow leaving bit ash
demonstrate fact need bucket couple empty plastic drinking cups punch hole bottom cup nail fill bucket water push cup partway water water pushed hole bottom cup try experiment cup punch hole side cup push cup water notice direction water takes cup pascal noticed pressure liquid push degrees object pushing hole bottom cup water pushed directly hole side water pushed sideways pressure liquid pushes directions acts angles object pushes pascal considered happens apply additional pressure liquid pressure applied gas gas compressed smaller space scuba divers squeeze hour worth air small steel tank liquids compressed matter pressure applied liquids squeeze smaller space imagine container let suppose tube left piston moved happen push piston pressure apply transmitted water forcing water level tube rise
scientific toy called cartesian diver cartesian diver named french philosopher mathematician rene descartes works boyle law pascal law archimedes principle cartesian diver need drinking glass tall narrow mouthed clear bottle liter soda bottle medicine dropper don medicine dropper home able buy drugstore fill drinking glass bottle top water carefully fill medicine dropper water barely floats surface water drinking glass water dropper sink try drinking glass put bottle water won able dive add remove drops water diver floats shown diagram amount water dropper transfer tall bottle careful lose water squeezing rubber bulb place palm hand mouth bottle making tight seal hold bottle steady hand press mouth bottle palm hand medicine dropper dive bottom bottle stay pressure top bottle release pressure diver rise surface
elements building blocks universe element element substances found earth universe composed individual elements combinations elements element atoms atoms element alike atoms element john dalton showed atoms element atomic weight course element unique set properties chemists identified studied sixty elements chemists studied elements noticed element similarities elements ways elements similar elements gases metallic hydrogen oxygen sodium chlorine reactive combine rapidly easily chemical reactions reactive found uncombined pure form earth elements gold platinum nitrogen inert don combine easily elements elements found earth elemental form gold nuggets nitrogen gas scientists look patterns nature elements discovered began look sort pattern elements pattern thing chemists looked atomic weight dalton shown atoms element weight chemists carefully calculated atomic weight element oxygen common element combines elements standard measure weight
lift object move push carry energy force muscles energy comes food eat machine energy comes oil gasoline coal electricity energy source tree needs energy lift water minerals high ground energy comes sun energy fact scientists define energy ability happens energy completed disappear return part object change scientists discovered energy conserved energy change forms created destroyed rule known law conservation energy discovering law wasn single researcher famous scientists contributed understanding heat forms energy scientists credit discovering law named english scientist james prescott joule experiments energy transformations published german scientist hermann von credited writing law story law conservation energy begins huygens late dutch scientist invented pendulum clock huygens wondered happened energy moving objects collided imagined happen perfectly hard billiard balls bumped
thermodynamics science energy transformations chapter learned law thermodynamics tells energy created destroyed transformed law thermodynamics tells happens transformations experiment try fill coffee cup hot water measure temperature place table leave hours return check temperature cooler course heat energy hot water couldn disappear law thermodynamics tells energy air room heat water gradually transferred molecules surrounding air sensitive thermometer measure slight rise air temperature resulted heat transfer energy hot water exists spread room try put energy cup water collect spread heat energy air bring water cup original temperature energy exists collect put concentrated form impossible impossible lots energy collect impossible experiment law thermodynamics scientists stated law thermodynamics rudolf clausius germany william thomson lord kelvin england contributed understanding law published
quantum mechanics finally answer light wave particle answer light considered wave particle behaves wave comes specific sized bits particles early advances quantum mechanics modern physics explains events happen behavior atoms atomic particles thing quantum mechanics explains atoms combine form chemical compounds danish physicist niels bohr created picture atom explained properties elements familiar idea atomic structure bohr saw atom tiny central nucleus surrounded orbiting electrons nucleus protons neutrons positive charge negatively charged electrons orbit nucleus shells energy levels according bohr theory electrons outer shell atom shared atoms atoms bond form molecules outer electrons atom free combine atoms chemical reactions bohr atom electrons outermost shell explained elements follow pattern properties mendeleev periodic table mendeleev arrangement atoms basic families elements family number electrons outer shells contributions understanding atomic structure bohr received nobel prize bohr idea beginning physicists continued improve description atom works
place universe things remain constant laws tell remains constant known laws conservation late antoine lavoisier proved substances change form chemical reactions total amount matter mass remain law known law conservation matter chapter mid james joule proved energy converted form total amount energy reaction remains law known law conservation energy chapter laws important history science early albert einstein gave scientists understanding matter energy viewpoint found einstein famous equation chances heard equation seen means einstein equation read equals mc squared equation stands energy stands mass speed light equation mathematical stating big idea says matter energy actually forms thing matter converted energy energy converted matter think matter universe frozen energy pick pencil match look finger piece matter look composed billions tiny atoms atom vibrating energy energy holds atoms place energy connects atoms form molecules
number important natural laws follow similar pattern pattern known inverse square law gravitational force behaves electrical magnetic force intensity light accident laws similar explanation inverse square law applies kinds forces inverse square laws strength force law describes inversely proportional distance source force quantities inversely proportional measurement decreases increases laws intensity force decreases distance increases inverse square laws intensity decreases proportion square distance center force square number multiply squared times squared times symbol number squared upper number called exponent tells times multiply bigger number times looks intensity light follows inverse square law intensity light inversely proportional square distance light source farther light source brightness light source decreases rapidly let light forces follow pattern imagine source light tiny electric bulb middle large dark space light spreads source directions expanding bubble
water big moose lake crystal clear tiny plants animals live bottom lake feels slippery bare feet sand rock matted leaves sunken logs covered greenish brown slimy film hikers mountain climbers noticed dense forest adirondack region spring spruce trees expected bluish green buds needles brown birch trees leaf look dying scientists believe mysterious forests lakes adirondack region common acid rain park severely affected areas united states acid rain causing trees mayflies frogs salamanders fish species die acid rain results burning coal oil natural gas called fossil fuels formed remains plants animals died millions ago power plants burn large amounts coal oil produce electricity houses schools businesses industries burn large amounts fossil fuels internal combustion engines cars trucks buses burn oil gasoline result burning pollutants smokestacks vehicle exhaust pipes released atmosphere likes live smoke results burning power plants factories order reduce air pollution industrial plants past twenty utilities built higher higher smokestacks
impurities acid rain important understand word acid means sour strong acids harm tasted eat drink weaker acidic solutions citric acid sour tangy taste lemons limes grapefruits oranges milk sour lactic acid vinegar acetic acid small quantities acids part digestive system stomach produces hydrochloric acid helps break food eat body nutrients stronger acids laboratories industries handled carefully poisonous severe burns acids letters patterns glass worker paints acid glass shape design acid eats glass leaving permanent pattern acids batteries fertilizers explosives things bases chemical opposites acids common bases word hydroxide sodium hydroxide main ingredient drain cleaners ammonium hydroxide washing floors windows spread calcium hydroxide lime lawns help grass grow bases dissolved water form solutions called alkalies alkalies react opposite acids egg whites milk magnesia magnesium hydroxide alkalies bases alkalies neutralize acids feel slippery bitter taste try taste strong alkalies household ammonia acids bases widely industry important manufacture paper rayon
days fertilization eggs laid jellylike material larvae develop eggs hatch young salamanders begin swim breeding ponds live water midsummer swimming freely feeding mosquito larvae small insects august salamanders grown half inch inches size developed ability breathe air stage maturity leave water live dead leaves rotting logs underground remain grow adult size later fully grown spring mating season arrives return ponds hatched favorite breeding spots salamanders temporary shallow ponds created spring thaw rainwater scientists studying acidity water ponds evidence water ponds acid larvae develop warm days early spring amount water flows thawing ice melting snow rivers streams frequently overflow banks spring runoff called water flows holes rock ledges drainage ditches squishy forest pools early autumn breeding ponds dried shrunk size large puddles recently areas spring runoff found high concentration sulfuric nitric acids pollutants collect winter snow pack formed rain sleet snow fallen months small ponds formed entirely runoff water dilute concentrated pollutants contained spring runoff
odontoceti toothed whales greek tooth whale comprising generally recognized species include dolphins porpoises giant sperm whale moby dick fame whales intermediate size whales characterized external nostril blowhole teeth toothed whales typically teeth seize prey squid shrimp fish creatures swallowed exceptions whales generally tear chew food toothed whales families closely related groups species evolved distinct patterns behavior geographic distribution families discussed greater length chapters introduction briefly large deep diving gregarious sperm whales dwarf pygmy sperm whales protruding forehead numerous conical teeth erupt functional lower jaw medium sized deep diving whales snouts elongated giving beaked appearance exception peglike teeth erupt lower jaw apparently functional feeding exception shepherd beaked whale numerous small conical teeth addition large teeth erupt males true dolphins small medium sized including called whales functional interlocking conical teeth upper lower jaw dolphins adapted marine habitats medium sized whales teeth generally nonfunctional feeding species adapted arctic marine waters single tooth highly specialized form spiraled tusk small dolphins slender snout functional interlocking conical teeth upper lower jaws
hearing impaired underwater sight contrary enhanced water transmits pressure waves sound rapidly effectively air extreme distances depths toothed whales bats developed means emit special sounds travel heads reflect objects producing echoes hear interpret fashion locate objects including prey vicinity perceive instantaneously range bearing configuration dolphins tested aquarium conditions able distinguish fish liked eat solely fish identical size shape presumably dolphins determined texture internal structure fish tests dolphins able distinguish objects approximate size shot kernel corn distance equivalent paces acoustic discrimination superb ease acoustic abilities blind blindfolded dolphins move freely feed deaf deafened dolphin frightened disoriented reluctant move humans consider think conceptually sophisticated linguistic constructs communication animal communication assume animals communicate generally believed inferior assumption superiority regard unwarranted addition finding food resolving exquisite detail surroundings toothed whales obviously developed ability communicate whistles clicks calls sorts knows say capable abstract thinking
seas cover percent planet surface roughly million square kilometers million square miles total volume billion cubic kilometers million cubic miles average depth kilometers miles radiated energy falls earth sun falls sea heating surface waters providing light photosynthetic organisms exist primary level food chain leading whales marine mammals seas land season affect amount food region temperature differences water masses parts sea create imbalances air water resulting patterns oceanic currents dominate weather sea land marine environment continually respects stable swimming medium continuous physical support resists rapid change temperature fairly uniformly saline dissolved trace elements essential gasses oxygen carbon dioxide water weighs gram cubic centimeter pounds cubic foot pressure organism water increases depth increased pressure presents problem fish invertebrates squid plants air sacs whale creature takes air lungs surface pressure critical factor dealt animal penetrate beneath surface
whales inhabit tropical subtropical oceans naturally numerous species food abundant tropical waters confused sei whales distinguished prominent ridges present heads close inspection coarse gray baleen ventral throat pleats extending navel additional characteristics identify whales whales solitary habits keeping distance local abundance food oceanographers galapagos islands report whale encounter whale approached small sailboat closely touched stroked whales named captain johan established south africa whaling station smallest whales minke larger largest member dolphin family killer whale unlike rorquals minke whales approach swim boats ships sea minke whales observed leaping clear water exposing entire bodies occasion minke seen riding bow wave ship dolphin nonetheless difficult whale observe sea blow quick inconspicuous external similarity humpback whale rorquals throat grooves extend chin navel whale sleek body rounded narrowing slender flukes sharply serrated trailing edge unique whales humpback facial characteristics unique knobs hair follicles
gray whale roamed coasts north atlantic north pacific oceans present range restricted north pacific adjacent arctic seas gray whales inshore animals generally inhabiting water ft deep migratory presumably navigating learned routes bottom topography coastal promontories gray whale passage summer feeding grounds bering chukchi seas calving wintering grounds peninsula baja california mexico longest known annual migration mammal remarkably precise annual timing autumn chill winds begin whip bering chukchi seas ice pack moves polar cap thousands grays abandon shallow food rich arctic waters begin journey warm protected lagoons baja california pregnant females bear young whales relax swim lagoon entrances migration virtually whales travel pass aleutian chain follow continental shelf south past southeast alaska british columbia washington encounter follow shoreline mexico proving spectacular sight coastal residents tourists whale watch headlands coastal sight seeing vessels pregnant females lead migration adult males sexes route ritual species gray whale counts strategic points migratory path individuals eastern north pacific stock substantial increase thousand whales survived decades twentieth century modern whaling ravaged population
whales numerous big slow extremely fat float killed numbers severely reduced heyday hand harpoon whaling worldwide populations recovered remain extremely rare range modern whalers found warrant pursuit caught century grubbing sea floor food gray whale simplest baleen whale living open mouth swim dense concentrations plankton manner whales feed mouths remain open continuously skim patches planktonic soup enormous course evolution tremendous surface areas filtering baleen whales filter cubic meters cubic yards water minute straining minute plankton prey species bushel washing whale feeding sounds include called loud smacking lips baleen plates shaken dislodge plankton hairlike fringe plates swallowing sound heard considerable distances air underwater dubbed baleen rattle scientists noted basic types whales extant greenland whale evolved lifestyle live icy polar waters northern hemisphere plankton soup flourishes summer months ice retreats population decimated yankee whalers nineteenth century survives small numbers subsistence harvest arctic eskimos
baird beaked whales gregarious animals found large groups beaked whale page represent populations species comparison specimens confirmed disproven baird beaked whales deep divers areas north pacific escarpments seamounts shy areas hunted inquisitive ships approached closely known northern counterpart beaked whale occurs deep escarpments seamounts southern hemisphere zealand australia known specimens photographs beached stranded animals habits behavior presumed similar baird beaked whale distribution species suggests populations separated ice age william watkins recently reported probable sighting shepard beaked whale zealand remains known cetaceans information derived limited zealand argentina chile animal assigned genus things beaked whale functional rows teeth upper lower jaws cuvier beaked whales common rare whales scientific specimens known wide range sightings species infrequent blow inconspicuous animals show interest ships varieties cetacean northern bottlenose whale counterpart southern hemisphere subtler differences appears identical animal
beaked whale known skulls discovered queensland australia somalia virtually known animal originally considered subspecies true beaked whale page judging skulls animal larger beaked whales ft lower jaw teeth protrude outward hector beaked whale known fewer dozen skulls observations known animal originally beaked whale page moore established separate species judging skulls lower jaw flat triangular teeth located tip sockets teeth vestigial teeth skulls found tasmania zealand islands south africa suggesting southern hemisphere distribution true beaked whale rare known animal confirmed observation sea species known limited basis seen resemble closely cuvier beaked whale page distinguished beaked whale practically identical beaked whale page unlike beaked whale extremely rare animal known dozen specimen found english channel subsequent found western north atlantic jersey island york florida rare whales named teeth resemble leaves tree recently known specimens caught incidentally fishing lines sea japan
word tribe meanings tribe group common cultural ancestry speak language share history stretches religion traditions values members tribe look tribe political group members live area today called reservation community tribal government tribes sovereignty government indian tribes united states navajo largest navajos living reservation land area surrounding navajo land living distant cities oglala sioux largest reservation tribe members living pine ridge sioux reservation cities cherokee nation oklahoma largest non reservation tribe tribe members tribes members living reservations blackfeet montana fort apache gila river hopi san carlos apache arizona rosebud sioux south dakota zuni pueblo mexico hundred tribes fewer living reservations government views tribes speak languages share reservation tribe politically fort indian community montana considered tribe composed culturally tribes gros wind river tribes shoshone wyoming considered tribe
group alaska natives known aleuts population increased half aleuts live thirteen villages located aleutian islands aleuts live cities rural areas lower forty islands look string extends thousand miles north pacific ocean distant village miles anchorage names villages false pass st george st paul villages hundred villages population inuit population young thirds population twenty younger scholars believe thousands ago aleuts inuits common ancestors groups migrated places aleuts developed remarkable culture rocky mountainous treeless islands sea animals provided food clothing boat materials land provided grasses roots berries birds land resources provided clothing materials objects ornaments war ii united states japan fought control aleutian islands japanese captured westernmost aleutian islands government ordered aleuts living war zone leave homes southeastern alaska person permitted suitcases clothes left aleuts housed abandoned rundown gold mines fish canneries forced sleep relays space ten percent aleuts died flu measles pneumonia tuberculosis
native american language conference held ways preserving traditional languages discussed reported indian washington lost native languages members gros ventre tribe montana speak tribal language northern california elders speak language late chitimacha indian louisiana spoke language died hand eighty percent crow children enter school language nation indians trying preserve languages slip tape recording elders speaking languages indian controlled schools community colleges public schools serving indian communities bilingual programs children learn read write school lessons language english bilingual programs schools materials tribal viewpoints children learn respect tribal ways adults reading writing courses indian languages difficult non indians learn indian languages sounds indian languages exist english indian languages sounds pronounced holding breath choking whispered consonants vowels consonants hisses sharp indian languages tones word meanings change high low sounds vowels words indian languages begin ts tl difficult letter combinations english speakers words phrases
schooner serena looked farther beach waving arms jumping shouting flapped hands urgently wading soft surf gesturing push gestures urgent aboard schooner sailors faster rolling pulling suddenly mae stopped hit wall gasped serena sail aloft pulled frantically lines serena hear sharp hollow push wind canvas stern schooner pulled slowly stopped daniel pearson stopped wild waving hands frozen air moment dropped arms turned backs lake walked paces beach talked minute turned boat started rowing mae boat reached schooner lay alongside bobbing serena standing talking figures bent rail mae serena stamped foot angry spoke loud wish hear re saying voice turned startled young boys happened asked think aground serena rowboat re talking hear rowboat pushed schooner moved quickly waves beach
dinner serena quietly slid plates pan soapy water trying hear granny talked granny rocker stoop september sun house granny sitting warmth granny ware says moving post office soon child boats won bringing mail river leaving serena heard scratching sand covered step stick leaving mean moving west doin girl michigan serena baby forty granny re moving sand sand sand sand die knitting needles clicked rockers crunched stoop serena washed wiped cups lowered dish towel water began rinse granny sand filling river getting saws burying blows garden boy don worry late course garden look able corn soon pause serena wrung dish towel stepped quietly door granny gray head white cap craning garden shielding eyes suddenly hand dropped leaned chair rocking furiously sun eyes
serena watched gulls circling diving flapping wings searched shore mouth river beach wide serena hear soft lapping lake licked sand waited waited sweat running dress petticoat looked ways beach pulled dress knees pulled tight band drawers enjoyed minutes breeze lake banks black tinged clouds touched horizon upstream hear splash creak oars jumped yanking drawers place waved shouted boat nearer bye bye dinghy passed narrow stream looking small burly sailors pulling hard oar look serena knew hear wind breeze stream quiet boat shouted waved caps serena waved small embarrassed wave ran bank reached place stream emptied lake stood sandy point land looking boat finally fifty yards shore lifted cap waved waved bent oar serena watched boat pulled alongside small figures climbed boat boat hoisted aboard walked beach feet sat feet soft waves
thought supposing going post office mrs locke excuse real reason hoping moved caravan lane looks interesting thought meeting days earlier village shop confrontations point leaving entered fact held door open smiled thanked mere civility noticed registered appearance taking cut clothes trim middle aged figure look quizzical admiration excited certainly gordon alec lawson mrs ran shop informed turn found attractive loose casual liked forties creased faces humorous suggesting amused dangerous disregard convention free soul remembered thinking mind ordering groceries felt flutter breast answering unspoken urging break absurd told closing door mrs locke returning hall private part house forty happily married doctor wife regarded pillar community school governor parish chairwoman ladies church guild serve oxfam shop week help organise folks wednesday
madge heard front door close gordon returned kettle boil timing pleased proved fates gods call side encounter alec lawson carrying tea tray drawing room found gordon stooping fire lit damp afternoon wearing overcoat rubbing hands holding blaze looked flushed rumpled afternoon visits changed image generally preferred today irrational reason exasperated big suddenly large room wanted indoor calm relaxed unemotional tall overcoated figure smelling open air charged energy driving patient large scattered practice fire commented adding immediately messages answering machine replied afternoon didn expect full explanation qualities found mildly annoying lack curiosity meant effect making uninteresting walk left felt need offer reason sake obviously excuse electricity bill propped mantelpiece added wanted fresh air
friday evening approximately past stella left house calling goodbye mother listening archers radio ironing shan mum going goat mrs franklin call reply stopped raining watery moon shining dodging low clouds threatened rain big puddles stood road reflecting lighter patches sky stella picked round walked short distance goat curtains drawn lighted windows lamp corner buildings shed cone brilliance car park half full customers vehicles interior public house warm cheerful log fire burning end bar tables eva bits brass hanging wall catching glow flames reflecting place looked festive smiling pleased crowd noise stella nodded regulars knew ted jim poor reg bartlett sitting morosely corner pushed counter eva looking flustered pulling pint tweed hacking jacket look rattling rest order finish getting fred looking hot bothered face red shirt collar open serve god glad start monday
felt doubly ill ease emotionally learned cope grief physically crowded room impossible approach stumbling furniture boyce sense hang uncluttered space door neighbour showed sensibility tea announced heaving sure cup sat chair feeling seat warm ample backside won mrs franklin stage want daughter evening idea going sitting close knees touching hearth coal fire burned fiercely adding discomfort want happened mrs franklin replied won tell jerk head stand easy position front sideboard re sure defense woman mental note similar duty evidently lacked touch think lost balance fell foot bridge ford inquiries need daughter evening yes mrs franklin accept leaning forward establish closer contact vicar doctor liked think friend left past
boyce saying voicing aloud dilemma turns murder mrs bingham evidence lawson interview wasn wanted asked moment certainly directly aware reticence discussing case boyce didn help situation reluctance seeing marion future thought understand boyce disloyal comparison sergeant arrangements ring suggest meeting pushing luck rejection lover conscious getting touch friend barriers leaving let wait confirmation tom boyce suggested helpful air merely replied turn left crossroads town begun small market centre surrounding farms villages preserved original narrow streets choked modern traffic outskirts spreading original perimeter housing estates small industrial developments hubbard garage side street cramped forecourt allowing barely room motorist draw road reach petrol pumps building brick corrugated iron construction pair wooden doors set open reveal interior minimally equipped inspection pit ramp
madge annoyed expected bartlett arrive usual wednesday afternoon spent part morning inspecting kitchen garden marking site strawberry bed end decided ground lay full sun bartlett pleased plot nursery raise seedlings herbaceous borders determined garden bartlett grew wallflowers anyway spring forced give bundles plants accept grateful rid view plans bartlett normal reliability unexpected surprising exasperating expressed annoyance gordon tea opportunity discuss interests evening exhausted listen properly simply didn turn explained think message ill knowledge gordon replied called surgery asked visit village afternoon dropped mrs franklin madge asked adding raised pot tea held cup fill shocked woman aged ten days feel desperately sorry madge asked feels helpless
nice thing mrs wiggle child makes present matter splotchy crooked keeps johnny wilfred vase meat sauce bottle neck flowers stems hairs fit painted sort bilious green paint thick ran sides warty lumps mrs wiggle loves johnny loves warty vase johnny keeps window sill sink flower gasping breath jammed neck johnny comes kitchen points proudly vase says pretty vase window sill mrs wiggle didn mrs wiggle susan gray staggering plate cookies mrs wiggle mrs wiggle didn look gray lumps say thank susan gray smart girl making cookies re going fine wife yeah teeth hubert gray lumps found trying eat biting stone mrs wiggle took cookie hubert special cookies dip hot tea bite hurried kitchen tea molly hubert susan sat kitchen table drank tea gnawed stony cookies addition hard rocks tasted glue susan put gravy coloring vanilla
mrs burbank thanked mrs kind offer told burbank try speak distinctly things didn improve week join speech classes mrs bee help mrs burbank hung night burbank home told calling mrs told thought try speak carefully poor children understand night dinner burbank announced loud voice children exchanged glances whispers laughed butter remained cool comfortable plate front burbank looked accusingly mrs burbank high unnatural voice say pass butter thought fleas gasp mutter alison thought pa mother bard thought freeze pat brother burbank low grim voice pass butter passed beaming smile morning breakfast burbank called upstairs briefcase seen briefcase alison thief face beef paste want bard leaf race thought leaf race laughed loudly look briefcase hear mother father banging doors scuffling upstairs busy thought didn notice bard standing front briefcase leaning radiator front hall
mrs burbank bottle burbank put pinch left ear immediately shouted turn terrible radio killing mrs burbank rushed turned radio burbank thundering going storm mrs burbank listened couldn hear thunder opened front door looked sky clear dark blue spangled stars night quiet picture burbank shouted storm getting closer overhead mrs burbank closed door bernard burbank cold clear perfectly peaceful night thunder burbank listen don hear deafening deafening mrs burbank listened carefully heard kitchen soft faint thumping noise investigate found ole boy dog lying kitchen table scratching bumping elbow floor gave boy dog biscuit put living room asked burbank storm passed stamp feet certainly getting fat sound coal truck walk mrs burbank slight looked soft red house slippers bernard think wash magic powder ear going graham crackers think torture drop crumb burbank stop shouting
mrs side yard setting happy zinnia plants unusually large short thick stalks bright green leaves zinnia plants mighty scarce mrs hummed dug holes fine young plants lucky flat lovely going look freshly painted white house filled hole water put fertilizer set plant pushed earth firmly trowel thirty planted standing stretching crick called neighbor mrs setting asters yard hedge caroline finest plants beauties caroline coming hedge gate mrs darn mrs mind sand mrs bring morning bloom front gate crashed open aged bellowing yard mama bawled kids won play asked mrs taking handerkerchief sweater pocket swabbing tears don wailed don guess delicate wear glasses children don invalids nonsense mrs
excitement asked exclusive women club town mrs forgot call mrs mallet told roller skated cottage tulips wanted dinner night looked pale quiet worried income tax government waste mrs wisely bother problems smiled smiled thought wonderful club luncheon overwhelming success table decorated pink tulips pink tablecloth pink candles pink napkins pink nut dishes main course maraschino cherry walnut marshmallow pineapple strawberry cream cheese cabbage molded salad accompanied pink biscuits pink pink luckiest mrs happened dressed entirely pink pink gloves pink roses hat lunch happy gay look adorable helen dear wish worn pink mrs proud asked members earnest workers moved living room business meeting end mrs happiness soon lady found chair helped pink pink mrs stood fellow members earnest workers wish unkind voting member feel ask questions mrs true husband burglar known clever jewel robberies
straightened started door cowboy boots slippery fell pitchfork thrown forkfuls hay feet slipped dropped pitchfork fortunate thing knew lying trotsky manger goodness hurt called mrs wiggle hurrying milk room don think taking hay mouth happened asked mrs wiggle helping manger cowboy boots slippery mrs wiggle tell wasn cowboy don ride mom cowboy stuff yesterday splendid mrs wiggle trotsky won disappointed counting ride cowboy suit say ride lane supper boy trotsky reached nuzzled gun holster mrs wiggle wants sugar reaching apron pocket took lumps sugar handed put sugar palm hand trotsky delicately lifted lump lump lips gosh sweet horse beaming mrs wiggle mrs wiggle don laugh laugh bite weakness
henry left wednesday stopped watch tear circus poster nickels dime pocket corner drugstore buy chocolate ice cream cone thought eat ice cream cone bus drop dime slot ride home happened bought ice cream cone paid nickels drugstore stopped look funny books free look nickels left stood licking chocolate ice cream cone reading funny books heard thump thump thump henry turned dog dog scratching wasn special kind dog small big dog hand big dog wasn white dog parts brown parts black yellowish patches ears stood tail thin dog hungry henry licked licked henry swallowed swallowed hello dog henry ice cream cone swish swish swish tail bite dog brown eyes say ordered henry wasn firm patted dog head tail wagged harder henry took lick re hungry
henry sat curb think late clouds dark didn want waste looking big box mother beginning worry stopping corner wait bus henry noticed elderly lady carrying large paper shopping bag full apples shopping bag gave idea jumping snapped fingers ribs ran drugstore asked toothpaste clerk want string paper wrap dog sir henry want big nickel shopping bags laid nickel counter darned clerk handed bag counter henry opened bag set floor picked ribsy shoved hind feet bag pushed front feet lot ribsy left clerk leaning counter watching guess string paper henry free seen clerk shook head handed piece string big sheet paper counter ribsy whimpered held henry wrapped paper loosely head shoulders tied string dog lumpy package taking handle bag hand henry able carry bus stop
sure put bowl heater cold weather fish won chilled catch henry yes short fish chilled catch covered tiny white spots gosh henry maybe keeping guppies thought don worry stand water sixty degrees cold house heat sounded easy change water asked henry shouldn change water snails help clean give fish tiny pinch food fish don eat food fish bowl water dirty gave henry change didn henry glad told ribsy handed ribsy package horse meat dog took mouth left pet store carry meat home today don stop try eat home days ribs wagged tail trotted ahead henry meat henry tried walk jiggling package didn want guppies ribsy half block ahead henry dropped package looked henry began tear paper meat
town full apartments lived houses apartment buildings big sat top hill train station hundreds rode train york city morning rode home night father mornings elevators full kids going school fathers going train kids left building door ran side hill school fathers left building front door ran side hill station kids apartment chose walk school woods footsteps ten worn soil roots trees bare steps walking steep slope woods company sidewalks liked smell trees colors trees liked walk head practically hanging patterns leaves formed blue sky head watching leaves saw jennifer tree dressed pilgrim saw feet sitting lower branches tree swinging feet happened feet feet seen
didn discover cynthia perfect word cynthia mean mean boy building moved month johann german john moved germany didn speak english loved cynthia pretty guess cynthia fun stick tongue teeth say th th th th th th ia ia johann smile say cynthia stick tongue say th th th th th walk liked johann wished follow taught english minded called word cynthia faced grown sweet johann smile pat head grown left thing cynthia certainly didn need friend friend called dolores lived apartment house told secrets giggled elevator habit leaving school weekends elevator act elevator lived floor lived sixth
trick treating number began bitsy kid mother rang door bells mothers ringing bitsy kids night nurse mouse worn sleepers feet things pilgrim mentioned pilgrim mean say trick treating seen lots trick treaters house seen performance jennifer jennifer operated left wagon door house sight victim rang bell smiling saying trick treat door half fell door post drink water breathed hard lady answered say course bring drink water reached water dropped big empty bag lady noticed empty don want lady poured stuff jennifer bag lady put bag jennifer left house jennifer dumped treats wagon jennifer clop house empty bag walked jennifer house drank glass water
desk clerk summoned matt elderly bellboy hotel show family room matt picked suitcases led elevator young fellow going breakfast tommorrow apple pie chocolate cake matt popular parents liked children boy smiled faintly matt joke elevator boy needs peanut butter jelly sandwich thought ralph matt returned lobby ralph watched hotel porch stood minutes empty rocking chairs nightly look stars retired night night clerk college student hired summer duty settled couch read thick book ralph sure clerk read pages lay couch book facedown chest closed eyes ralph free night darted television set hidden motorcycle crash helmet keith half pingpong ball lined thistledown polished chrome motorcycle licking paws rubbing dull spots set crash helmet head snapped rubber band chin hold place taking care tail motorcycle inhaled deeply exhaling pb pb sound sound miniature motorcycle sped television set carpet
ralph soon found pushing motorcycle bare floor edge hall easier pushing carpet hall trudged mouse longed riding kitchen linoleum speedway hotel hall plodded ralph brothers sisters cousins grew rebellious stars hotel grew dim pine trees motorcycle boy ride car lot wiggly mice motorcycle toy couldn mother uncle lester understand understand timid ralph felt sorry caught generations mice litter died eating poisoned grain put disagreeable cook older generation mice worried safety able crumbs tide lean months summer season ski season younger generation silly mice busy wiggling climbing gobbling crumbs fast brought mouse nest understood ralph trouble night fading chirp bird pines told ralph hotel night clerk soon awaken close book cook soon rattling pans kitchen
ralph caught breath heart longer pounded ribs boosted sitting crotch twig shrub leafy cushion expected perch center leaves grew tips twigs bush looked soft springy inside leafless spiky dead twigs motorcycle thought ralph frantically saw head hanging twig wheel helmet bounced ground ralph thing climb motorcycle start chewing twig held motorcycle dry dusty taste ralph chewed snapped motorcycle slid crotch twig ralph climbed free motorcycle paws started chewing cousin going say happened motorcycle ralph huh happened motorcycle ralph chewed motorcycle twig lower thicker twigs motorcycle finally dropped ground helmet ralph jaws ached dragged motorcycle weedy patch lawn driveway mount door hotel unexpectedly opened matt pajamas bathrobe stepped porch looked
sang singing finished waited piglet say outdoor hums snowy weather heard thinking matter carefully piglet pooh solemnly toes ears getting gloomy place lived snowy piglet ears getting tired turned pine wood sat gate led snow cold warm sang pooh song times piglet pooh rest thumping top gate pieces stick proper places felt warmer able talk thinking pooh thinking thinking poor live piglet house piglet house houses christopher robin house owl rabbit houses rabbit friends relations houses somethings poor thinking let build house piglet grand idea build
honey pooh felt pleased soon finished breakfast round piglet house try piglet thank pooh breakfast round piglet pooh explained piglet small animal didn bouncing asked bouncy hiding trees jumping pooh shadow wasn looking bouncy breakfast soon quiet refined knocked door piglet house hallo pooh piglet hallo piglet piglet edged round side table thought smaller big pooh poor breakfast piglet pushed bowl help close pooh felt braver re careless sort voice mouth full munching noise ee ers ors pooh piglet ee moment firmly don
finished circle pooh piglet hot explained large friendly smile rushed pooh piglet walked slowly walked piglet couldn think pooh thinking poem thought began poor eats bigger honey thistles taste bristles things animal likes wrong sort swallow spikes big piglet big pooh thoughtful heard murmured weight pounds shillings ounces bigger bounces poem piglet shillings piglet don think wanted pounds explained pooh let write poetry letting things didn piglet bouncing front turning round ask sight house christopher robin rushed christopher robin knew
otis found hard stir excitement home sure easier lived house yard play boys girls room eleven rosemont school lived mother valerie todd apartment mrs home teaching ballet tap dancing lessons school dance drugstore otis wished mother spend home mrs brewster manager apartment house eye mrs cross otis wanting stir excitement mrs brewster plain dirt dogs noise stood nonsense boys school learning things otis liked school find ways stir excitement week otis teacher mrs took class auditorium folk dancing otis member class period play dodge ball thought marched hall dancing school dance class learned dances stupid hopping foot lost gooseberry bushes past weeks practicing mexican folk dance fiesta rosemont school planning parent teacher association meeting
class shouted laughter saw animal otis felt pat head looked bull shoulder heard tommy say ferdinand peephole otis saw george paid attention busy twirling cape boys girls mrs let line parade george bull re find partners otis resist poking george seat velvet pants bull horns thought cut george mrs led classroom classes school paraded playground supposed village square mothers sat bleachers sides square baseball covered crepe paper fourth side front platform chairs phonograph microphone otis saw audience carried stir excitement bull nod bow paw ground laughed bull wave difficult stand foot waved audience laughed harder otis began skip follow cut ordered george re supposed walk otis lowered bull head started charge class section chairs front bleachers
mrs looked otis remember warned writing arithmetic problems blackboard otis knew wanted smartest boy arithmetic mrs room morning decided wanted worked problems quickly cared finishing wanted mrs scold working planned drop sheet perfect problems desk wait look amazement saw completed single mistake soon otis finished problems looked waste maybe interesting pockets tangle string rubber bands bent paper clips found rabbit foot fur worn couple milk bottle caps carried case wanted start collection yo yo tangled string clove garlic picked drain board home reason otis studied clove garlic think put pocket tried yo yo string soon lost interest wishing think interesting tore corner arithmetic paper put mouth chewed blew watched turn twist floated air landed neck
guess throw mess pour pieces desk look roll fingers bring chuck figure finishing things maybe tell story tell start end finish tell end chuck pieces chuck cross put rest summer town figure getting ready bet getting ready grade threw billy sunday school guess getting ready loving church say exactly loved church start folks interested makes harder understand services threw sundays stayed home north carolina town baptist church biggest building methodist noticed re folks staying home reading sunday paper morning popping church easter christmas fearing wrath god happening inside say exactly didn want stay home sunday mornings
waited leave stayed stayed counter piece hard rock darlene cook put hamburger drink front didn sit eat thinking lunatic hitched town murder target darlene maybe dug baby huey lone ranger riding rufus walked door bell tinkled opened saw mighty chorus angels sang notes rufus sucker hey pete rufus yelled saw hitchhiker head turned hey hound dog stuck baby huey rack hot potato waved rufus slapped couple jokes told buy chili dog truck stop store fast leaving looked hitchhiker knew eyes didn mentioned rufus mentioned likely summer rufus sense listen stuff friends kindergarten rufus boys born rufus practical boy popular school figured honest practical
light blue eyes didn belong murderer belonged preacher preacher heard real night things real things solid preacher began slow knew voice started heard knew leaned yes leaned body let hungry word didn till yes hungry word say wonder matter didn feel tears coming eyes preached yes feel heart ache ache longing hungry wanted holy preacher holy temple felt church swayed rhythm voice migrating birds turning east turning west turning swaying watching stars yes wanted find night diaper bag lady fat rest praise god holy jesus forgive forgive forgive forgive wanted clean wanted sparkle wanted dance preacher glory lord night
afternoon ellen re early afternoon mrs answered ellen hurried past mirrors covered wall ellen opened dressing room door terrible discovery dressing room ahead austine allen sitting bench lacing ballet slippers austine girl dancing class ellen room school ellen knew california mentioned thought girl looked untidy paid attention ellen hello didn guess early austine added girls looked ellen noticed austine changed required costume school dance short full skirt tulle gathered sateen top straps shoulders austine looked chubby green costume girl spoke leave thought ellen desperately maybe wait room ellen removed jacket slowly wait minute silly costume wear austine took ballet lessons california wore shorts shirts think pretty ellen took pink costume rack wall don thought real ballerinas wear wearing pretend real dancer
fourth position mrs janet raise arms head fourth position walked janet arranged arms circled head held side ellen chance saw valerie todd watching class slipped place line darted girls stepped line austine quickly assumed perfect fourth position austine whispered sorry didn mean honestly didn ellen mrs sharply forgotten whisper dancing lesson mrs ellen girls fourth position ellen arranged arms legs correct position mrs watching ellen catch austine eye mirror austine forgiven couldn tell hoped thought lonely girl wanted friend valerie todd asked girls assume position ellen felt underwear slip thought going hold raise hands head carefully arranged feet lifted arms form circle underwear slid alarmingly stood position ellen heard running flight stairs footsteps neared classroom heard jingling sound
remembered underwear wanted dance veterans hospital willing risk girls find underwear wiggled group girls ran polished floor darted empty dressing room snatching street clothes bench flung open door broom closet stopped astounded saw austine allen broom closet ellen believe eyes austine wearing woolen underwear shut door ordered austine ellen stood mouth open austine high underwear buttoned front didn hear shut door wear woolen underwear asked ellen believing saw shut door ordered austine yanked slip head poked head slip crossly yes ellen wits joined austine broom closet closed door thought girl school wear sat bag sweeping compound thought austine watched mirror sort thought looked bumpy waist otis makes mad ellen suppose guessed don spoken loud
felt decision wheelbarrow corner rolled tarp lifted tarp dramatically intended lifting maggie vern ta gasped pleasure minutes sight gotten impressive regret maggie vern admire invention spectacular sturdy real carpenter walked side beautiful professional job word professional hog wire fitted top nailed neatly place nail heads hammered sideways wire extra security corner boards put place screws security inventor able locked inside professional speaking aloud invention re going rich loaded creation awkwardly wheelbarrow tipped straightened knee hog wire took skin wished maggie vern corner invention finally thudded solidly wheelbarrow junior secured rope making bow top present glanced barn door sure maggie vern returned hearing spy invention run praising
put hands eyes trail curled rosebushes let follow want maggie asked maybe find kind joke animal put trap funny turtle skunk perfect pap house yawning paused top step stretch vern ready called yard ready maggie want maggie hesitated fun follow junior trail woods vern company summer didn give pleasure moved closer pickup truck yelled sit window broke run sit window maggie ran yard jumped running board vern struggled pap door maggie struggled open minute maggie ended window seat vern steering wheel maggie grinned pap car looking left mud asked seen mud junior vern reluctantly slid pap hated ride middle junior woods pap paused took lunch nap mud took nap kitchen table
coyote trap hidden deep blackberry bushes perfectly camouflaged exactly sort spot junior thought coyote looking stood moment wiping dusty hands shirt admiring trap blended leaves coyote spot wire trapdoor ordinary cave leaves junior thought bower coyote hurry circle times collapse mud collapsed kitchen table perfect junior felt put bait inside junior beautiful dream continued coyote lie panting licking dusty paws enjoying retreat smell hamburger meat animals loved hamburger junior knew safe smell hamburger lift head spot beautiful ball meat crouch smell gingerly mouth moment spring snap door fall latch click hello coyote junior blood race think reached pocket hamburger meat wrapped freezer paper carefully unwrapped smelled junior inhaled odor fresh frozen center junior sure coyote soft mind coyote catch watched saturday morning cartoons lots expressions
breakfast wasn sign fire grate wasn detested smell scorched oatmeal thing alerted alex started wave fear chair overturned front hall mother tidy allowed chair remain moment insistence neatness stood early morning groomed brushed combed boots polished avoid saying alex let lose brush clean shirt put happened shoe wax evaporate straightened chair called hesitantly mama papa answer called grandmother chilly house cooling hearth answer echo nary called cold feeling started chest tight frightened happened birds winter snow spring disappearing months dared talk privacy homes curtains drawn alex knew families arrested guesses pattern knew political days civil war revolution safe alex father behaved political private meetings revolutionaries civil war enemies ordinary idea enemies alex father told educator administrator schools political job
awoke morning note piece cheese chunk bread stay sight spent dull room pacing dog chain read bits books couldn concentrate words part brain read lines part events mourned family imagined future uncle moscow felt return started looking window peering heavy draperies finally started worry street carrying books basket looking shoulder coming building alex dismay passed soon reappeared side street looking cautiously crossed cobbles quickly entered building room smiling carrying pot hot alex tell tight inside look madame downstairs fine potato soup lovely pays teaching read building extra cautious responsible think leave moscow soon children noticed empty house opened bag took book brought atlas classroom opened turning pages peering closely late afternoon light town moscow direction due west tomorrow walk vladimir buy ticket station sure knows train stops course irregular days
ice glazed setting sun assured headed west moscow thought longest impossible early morning left room lifetime night fell alex settled coat shelter half destroyed wall ate snow rubbed feet vigorously fell exhausted sleep dreamed dreams linger blessedly unconscious black hunger incredible chill woke finally pulling protection sleep body quaking cold find feet stood barely supported stumbled bit painful stable saw couple station built small fire trash snow holding baby toasting woman dipping handkerchief snow letting baby suck going addressing alex try warm left fire wish occurred spoken journey spoken traveling separately small trouble spoke lose sense alex nodded thanks sat took boots put feet nearly fire tried envelop fire body taking cue woman filled kerchief snow chewed act chewing gave illusion eating
disgusting agreed randy wholeheartedly trapeze sitting oliver took part discussion perfectly happy drawing pictures table mona table rush randy depending small fit drawing red face tongue teeth feet wrapped chair legs intensely hard pictures battleships looked exactly teapots big spout shaped bows steamy plumes smoke coming tops oliver pleased especially stuck wall thumbtack pinned melendy children mona eldest thirteen thick butter colored braids threatening cut rush twelve dark hair look mischievous wickedness miranda called randy ten half dark untidy hair rush oliver youngest calm thoughtful person room sitting called playroom schoolroom nursery melendys known office top house noise wanted room skylight windows facing east north fireplace basket shaped grate
melendy children jobs instance beds took weekly turns cleaning office oliver course cleaning cuffy eagle eye nonsense sweeping things things shaking mop window dusting showed addition special jobs rush shined shoes took care fuse box repaired radio sort plumber assistant willy sloper mona helped cuffy mending ironing entire responsibility keeping living room tidy randy set dinner table dried dishes sorting laundry making lists oliver chores water plants feed fish turtle clay tub moist jobs school amusing melendys rarely contained dull moment red groaned randy lifting foot air letting drop heavily simply unable sustain weight boredom agreed rush bored listening complain complained mona slapping book oliver paid attention don play suggested mona scoffed randy making clay drawing play
ago lady born father born imagine garden picture garden father house saint germain paris house tall narrow grey patches ivy inside stuffy dark full furniture house cleaning going windows opened remember smell mixed odors cloth cough medicine age young thing house tartuffe dog older mother died born father business paris brought aunts english governess gave lessons allowed school aunts maiden ladies older father wore black took pills meals worried drafts spoke quiet polite voices shouting tante deaf aunt carried curved ear trumpet tusk elephant ah tea francois arranged feast petits fours turned wonderful cakes frilled paper collars pink pale yellow chocolate silver peppermint buttons top randy eyes glittered enthusiasm lady delighted home children francois bring petits fours home wonderful randy mouth full tell friend english governess spinster elderly miss buff towers related earl fact proud forgot
spoke sammy silent sight grandfather sick anger grandfather winded speak grandfather holding top pipe hand holding side chest shoulders rising falling rapidly silence broken sammy hiccuped grandfather pipe listen boy mom dad didn leave wanted culvert voice deep ringing sound unreal saying sammy pulled lips snarl liar shouted liar grandfather mouth open speak closed sammy looked feet holding top pipe breathing hard word liar stopped washing looked boy didn wait tell don want hear sammy shouted wanted don want hear don want hear don want hear understand english turned ran grass median pipe half highway crouch ran pipe run going idea heading found pipe chance find hiding place don follow shouted shoulder grandfather sight sammy ran small grove trees paused look waited silence broken faint sound leaves overhead turned wind hiccuped
brother tom told croquet games front yard lemonade stands end driveway according tom person living selling lemonade road jim told peacock strutted drive opened feathers fan aunt minnie yard peacock admirer aunt minnie bertie told grandfather parrot belonged gas station parrot say cars lot fun bertie unsuspecting person dining room ask parrot wrong parrot say instantly gas needs muffler dozen funny things sammy decided thing grandfather run dining room listen parrot talk cars wrong ask sammy walked hall found dining room looked parrot place parrot sammy thought dark dusty table empty chairs cabinet china left wondered parrot peacock lawn mom wilderness walked porch shielding eyes hot sun mom steps taking steps sagged side large hole worn earth bottom steps rock set fill sammy stood warm rock curling toes edge
sammy hesitated stepped shed grandfather glared hill hated grandfather fierceness shudder wanted pick boulders shed throw hill wanted grandfather hear sound boulder coming rumbling threatening sammy hated sammy shouted let voice thin sad ears thundering demand intended screamed let throat began hurt grandfather looked answer coming hill slow steady step sammy don tired threw words hill grandfather thought legs going collapse moment wondered going grandfather stopped moment looked feet open sided miner boots bent pulled stick side shoe straightened held small tree staff tired let don want grandfather looked feet thinking matter ducked head started coming hill sammy felt tears eyes spun started running sprayed face left shelter shed ran hill halfway top stumbled knee stopped rested turned catch
ahead lock doors leave father orders finish homework due tomorrow katie miss markham art assignment interested week indian signs yarn pasted macaroni cardboard finally interested finish miss markham crossed room stood kate watched screen kate connected dots mouth look homework assignment portrait computer re supposed imaginations willie collage candy wrappers freckles calling sweet freak calling portrait computer nut title kate smiled glancing miss markham watched kate drew circles eyes sighed kate working change uniform thanks leave re miss markham started door added re call unfinished portrait computer nut ten minutes kate eyes watching screen kate drew straight lines hair paused look bad typed portrait computer nut beneath picture
linda program don message girl boy ninety don understand course don understand touched computer didn illegal command games bad input finally agreed roz hammond play apple pads paper dice linda hush minute listen listening try game trying contact don mom say don give weirdo dad say dad say dad depressed looked fat television dad looks fat television don tell won dad depressed grades depressed depressed thinks chin disappearing laughed wrong dad chin thinks listen funny picture newspaper week sisters saw took eraser gently erased chin couldn tell touched folded newspaper put driveway dad opened saw chin kitchen laughed hard kate pizza cafeteria worker turned linda
linda initiated club sit girl happened instinct things tell let walk cafeteria sitting bubba joe riley bubba joe disgusting licking pizza sauce wrist anyway casually naturally bump looks look eat fast linda kate pulled chair sat understand computers communicate lines connecting computers listen rob banks computer steal atomic secrets computer learned news saturday morning bugs bunny show frank wilkins send message kate looked pizza linda stupid person frank wilkins contact tell loved hated getting re eat hurry miss chance linda stupid look natural leave linda tore cafeteria pulling kate toy dodged chairs tables directly frank wilkins bubba joe riley slowed walk act natural linda bubba joe licking pizza sauce shirt cuff frank saying moss claims straight home school worked program mom swear linda took kate arm kate felt helpless game crack whip
wasn human couldn times tall tallest human tall head higher upstairs windows houses sophie opened mouth scream sound throat body frozen fright hour tall black figure coming keeping close houses street hiding shadowy places moonlight nearer nearer moving spurts stop move stop earth ah ha sophie stopping front house stop peer upstairs window house street actually bend peer upstairs windows tall stop peer slide house stop peer street closer sophie clearly looking carefully decided kind person obviously human definitely person giant person sophie stared hard misty moonlit street giant wearing black cloak hand holding looked thin trumpet hand held large suitcase giant stopped front mrs house shop middle high street family lived shop children slept upstairs front room sophie knew giant peering window room michael jane sleeping
blanket sophie waited minute lifted corner blanket peeped night blood froze ice wanted scream sound window curtains pushed enormous pale face giant person staring flashing black eyes fixed sophie bed moment huge hand pale fingers snaking window arm arm thick tree trunk arm hand fingers reaching room sophie bed sophie scream quickly huge hand clamped blanket scream smothered bedclothes sophie crouching underneath blanket felt strong fingers grasping hold lifted bed blanket whisked window think terrifying happening middle night let hear awful thing sophie knew exactly going couldn happening knew monster giant enormous pale face dangerous eyes plucked bed middle hour carrying window smothered blanket actually happened giant sophie arranged blanket grasp corners huge hands sophie imprisoned inside hand seized suitcase trumpet thing ran sophie squirming inside blanket managed push top head gap giant head
saw enormous cavern high rocky roof walls side lined shelves shelves stood row row glass jars jars piled corners filled nook cranny cave middle floor table twelve feet high chair match giant took black cloak hung wall sophie saw cloak wearing sort collarless shirt dirty leather waistcoat didn buttons trousers faded green short legs bare feet wearing pair ridiculous sandals reason holes cut side large hole end toes stuck sophie crouching floor cave nightie gazed thick steel rimmed glasses trembling leaf wind finger ice running length spine ha shouted giant walking forward rubbing hands booming voice rolled walls cave burst thunder giant picked trembling sophie hand carried cave put table going eat sophie thought giant sat stared hard truly enormous ears big wheel truck able move outwards head wished hungry giant boomed grinned showing massive square teeth teeth white square sat mouth huge slices white bread don eat sophie stammered
mrs glanced clock shaw walked authority arrival took place fourteen minutes carrying beautifully wrapped box called entered chick loudest store mrs gave shriek announcement immediately concluded box contained explosive shaw assured alarm clock susan asked told susan whereabouts sat read paper dinner ready ten thirty shaw irritated alarmed took elevator seventh floor fetch susan found heard disappearance clock night mrs telephoned ask seen susan susan asked susan shaw floor girl nice shaw braids brown eyes yes didn susan ridden elevator trouble poor motherless lamb disappeared thin air movie watched movies times age sure money worth sir child goes leaving note saying wish think movie smile mrs cleaned apartment thursday curious compound sentimentality devotion mystery loved happened huge sinister plot suspected
wednesday wrong beginning susan awakened burst wind trying rip bedroom window frame evidently going foul march row bitter air sunless sky grit paper bearing wind groaned pulled blankets chin glanced clock slept alarm muttered flinging bed dress room late television set door burst noise wind couldn drown dreaded greeting yap yap shouted genial breakfast host yap yap yap soaring note crash applause whistles glad cries susan huddled clothes trying deafen ear pressing shoulder seriously genial host shrieked wall ear funniest thing heard laughter clapping cries slammed bedroom door shaw standing window living room looking street knotted tie sounds beat grinned susan groaned stand fault sleeping alarm guess daddy alarm clock sure chick color
making efforts shift burdens included umbrella newspaper bulging paper bag momentarily free hand clutched hat bag tipped discharged quantity potatoes contrary things help dearie bend lumbago potatoes infected passion freedom hat shown rolled gutter feet passersby susan scrambled hands knees woman struggled wind clothes saying dear oops quavering plaintive tone susan finally gotten potatoes stood arms full clamped chin woman umbrella blew inside face course dropped potatoes bag ripped open spilled susan muttered word fathers woman hurry dearie nicky coming knees put shawl dearie oops mind muffler length wool dislike susan flogging face unmercifully hold potatoes woman beat muffler control part newspaper saw chance escape seized flapping disintegrating wind
strange farthing doll wood wood liked think tree wood strength sap ran bud put leaves spring summer standing winter storms wind tree tree liked think wood neatly jointed hips shoulders sockets sockets elbows knees sturdy inch wide yoke shoulders round head glossy painted hair glossy pink cheeks eyes painted bright firm paint blue determined emily charlotte chosen dolls father mother names mrs mrs birdie course knew mrs real father mother real father mother felled tree wood knew knew brother apple doll brother plush kind velvet dolls house dog backbone darning needle played fathers mothers course played fathers mothers remember feeling exactly feeling mrs birdie brother apple dog
moment uncomfortable london live crowded shoe boxes cramped cold shut hung washing dry smallest pattern duster cardboard sodden damp play properly wailed charlotte feel home course nicer toy cupboard added hastily heavy apple feel safe don mind birdie birdie aggravating creature minded happy slips knocks feel safe ago began comforting voice wood comforting voice ask pianos violins flutes ago knew dolls house lived belonged laura emily charlotte aunt hundred ago stayed hundred surprise easier dolls children moment finished alter grow wouldn child baby child bigger child schoolboy girl big boy girl grown course knew power growing dolls knew instance live girl stupid power wise
late autumn dolls autumn smell london autumn smells bonfires newly lit chimneys fog leaves soaking wet michaelmas daisies park chrysanthemums flower shops violets street flower sellers trays grownups talk winter colds winter coats difficulties central heating children begin think parties dancing class christmas course colder cold shoe boxes colder weather cardboard sides thin low began suffer delicate doll looked drawn cold emily knitting cloak red wool wish knitting muffler waistcoat wishing dolls tell wish strong telling felt doll wish afraid emily feel finished cloak tried looked remained cold miserable neglected shoe box happened autumn emily charlotte aunt died aunt girl aunt laura owned dolls house gathered shells seaside
henry pressed nose windowpane looked klickitat street person saw scooter mccarthy riding sidewalk bicycle sure wish bike remarked henry mother father watched scooter wish agreed mother prices taxes going afraid maybe things huggins dropping funnies picking sport section henry sighed wanted bicycle riding klickitat street shiny red bike wear genuine daniel boone coonskin cap snap tail wouldn wear tail fastened hat tie handle bars wave breeze whizzed henry mrs huggins interrupting thoughts don rub nose clean window mom henry sure wish happen don robert house maybe think suggested mrs huggins turned page magazine agreed henry robert mother couldn give white mice rides robert electric train maybe think ribsy henry ribsy stood shook scattering hair rug dog sighed mrs huggins henry thought leave quickly ribsy started front steps robert corner
quiet henry scowled scooter scooter things happened jeepers sorry mrs henry don ribsy hungry guess observed huggins meat markets closed sunday henry knew delicatessen counter supermarket open delicatessens don asked run supermarket faster bike scooter mrs smiled thank henry won think dinner looked started house roast whispered don think meat fit eat sauce going put called husband hector going dirty piece meat suppose reluctantly deserves threw remains ribsy mrs paused doorway henry going bake cookies tomorrow stop home school tomorrow give thank mrs answered henry glad ribsy stolen roast wasn cross ribsy eat henry tugged roast ribsy hung growled dad give hand huggins took hold meat ribsy put refrigerator huggins talk later
henry couldn believe forty boxes bubble gum hundred balls box rest park gum rich henry began think knew rich gum home seen boys girls going easy took pound ground round steak bushes picked boxes gum ribsy ran home fast henry tossed package meat drain board kitchen stowed gum bed room ran klickitat street beezus house careful slow saw yard hi henry hello henry beezus gathering handful tulip petals tossing air fell pink shower sister ramona sitting apple box edge sidewalk say beezus henry casually borrow red wagon asked beezus looking interested errand henry asked beezus henry hid impatience borrow beezus gathered handful petals henry saw situation handled carefully give piece bubble gum blew bubble admire agreed beezus give wagon
susan steve liked school friends friend teacher school wrote chalkboard taught children pronounce spell mrs english told boys girls write slip paper parents teacher told children write names slips paper explained call child correct call mrs english steve susan liked talk classmates conversation schoolyard birthday party especially guest paper hat received party nancy brooks pasted scrapbook nancy put scrapbook wrote explanation wrote hat received twins birthday party sentences nancy wrote form paragraph paragraph group sentences telling thing sentences nancy paragraph tell birthday party attended want learn writing paragraphs thing remember sentences paragraph tell thing sentences paragraph written nancy wrote scrapbook paragraph page notice sentences tell fun petunia playing windup mouse
learning paragraph group closely related sentences telling thing sentences members football team sentence job say beginning sentence quarterback calls signals tells sentences middle sentences move forward follow quarterback signals ending sentence player carries ball goal line find sentences paragraph beginning sentence paragraph arouse interest suggest follow middle sentences develop thought suggested beginning sentence continue story middle sentence tells topic ending sentence detail adds personal comment paragraph balancing boats beginning sentence tells author topic fun cousins playing rowboat middle sentences tell played boat imagined playing incident took place playing ending sentence personal comment sailors afford careless paragraphs write sentences members football team players obey quarterback signals play succeed beginning sentence introduces topic paragraph interesting want read entire paragraph remember slogan begun half beginning sentence writing paragraph
fortunate freedom speech wish talk fellow citizens able explain ideals obtain valuable practice speaking classroom talk things things happened present let decide talk experiences task select subject picnics parties especially motion picture unusual happen occasions pleasing decide talk birthday party limit subject broad pick thing took place birthday party tell class played interesting game party topic tell class forget listen courteously students talk class show appreciation efforts interested talks courtesy attention indication gratitude speaker shared selfish story tell story briefly turn plan talks class hesitate wonder comes plan helps tell events order call plan outline main points story
sailor santa maria shared experiences members crew strange lands seen maybe sea told village experiences pleasure sharing things give things experienced unusual happened tell experience class experiences enjoyed connected hobbies hobbies greatly interested tell tell minutes say hobbies subject definite say intend tell ship models subjects covered minutes kinds ships kinds narrow subject topic ship model need collection scrapbook making difficulty keeping topic presenting talk allowed speak big topic hobbies subject talk narrowed include kind hobby call topic step find title attracts attention suits say plan talks coming class hesitate wonder comes
let turn attention directions definitions explanations conversation pleasure information daily exchange ideas viewpoints courtesies makes gracious living contribute share conversation home school class conversation talk group selected topic students felt country trees wild flowers studying science consent teacher decide plans excursion teacher appoints fred act leader discuss plans class enters conversation fred duty important matters covered questions mind conversation begins meet lunch starts class conversation manner group continues converse arranging details carefully leader plan complete conversation end expression pleasure thought hike simple promise saturday helen discussions organize topics group conversations class divided groups ten members teacher appoint leader group leader study topic carefully able guide conversation group group conversation talkers listeners
verse speaking choir group trained recite poetry chorus choir poem unison word pronounced clearly distinctly spoken single voice members sure understand poem decide wish interpret practice orchestra choir voices blended harmoniously parts poem assigned individual solo group soprano voices alto voices orchestra tunes beginning play verse speaking choir preparatory exercises reciting poems sing lyrics poems choral speaking rhythm beat lines rhythm music poems tell story express author emotion lyric poem song sung heart poet hearts listeners lines filled pictures early morning earth awake daybreak dead lying churchyard wind sea voice personification page effective figure speech poem reading poem choral speaking careful mark slow things sad stanza quick things glad stanza gladness sadness pitch voice higher pitch gladness lower pitch sadness
experiment voice choral speaking choral speaking discovery revival greek manner reading poetry means choral speaking rediscover beauty rhythm recapture melody poetry thought choral speaking group likened orchestra human voices instruments bring music interpreting thought deep heavy voices brass light voices flutes violins medium voices oboes clarinets separately chorus voices blend interpret measures poetry fashion instruments interpret measures sonata symphony simple principles music choral speaking choral speaking group choir governed orchestra pitch lyric poetry ringing joy gladness quick solemn poetry slow measured nonsense rhymes read quick higher pitch merriment basis rhythm songs mourn dead person ideal read slow measured low pitch descriptive poems read conversational tone pitch reading faithful poet expression arranges stressed unstressed syllables pattern results suitably quick slow movement orchestra conductor blends instruments beautiful choral speaking group director blends voices melody director lover poetry
americans north south lot hard civil war thousands died war civil war destroyed cities farms south north south angry south rebuilt americans learn southern states rejoined united states civil war slowly south rebuilt cities roads railroads rebuilt schools built factories south civil war war south began build factories south began making things factories farms rebuilt farmers began grow cotton black slaves south civil war war slaves free united states senators representatives wrote law constitution december law called amendment amendment united states slaves slavery america laws added constitution help black law blacks american citizens law black vote black white women allowed vote slaves free problems blacks school read write
land atlantic pacific ocean belonged united states united states finished growing united states bought land united states owned land united states land alaska large piece land northwestern canada weather alaska cold lot snow country called russia close alaska russia owned alaska russia wanted sell alaska united states indians lived alaska lived united states decided buy alaska united states bought alaska russia americans thought silly buy alaska alaska big icebox gold found alaska soon gold rush alaska thousands rushed alaska find gold find gold found things alaska lots furs fish alaska lot oil oil makes cars oil helps electricity started towns cities alaska lived alaska wanted alaska alaska united states largest beautiful islands pacific ocean called hawaiian islands hawaiian islands called hawaii hawaii miles california
united states grew country states country states united states changed ways americans lived farms cities today americans live big cities americans machines help ago telephones cars electric lights traveled horses candles light homes americans learned machines machine called invention inventions easier americans alexander graham bell invented telephone born scotland live america alexander teacher deaf children taught speak alexander graham bell wanted machine talk alexander worked machine machine worked alexander telephone soon telephones today millions telephones america atlantic ocean speak pacific ocean telephone ago american homes streets dark night electric lights thomas edison changed invented electric light bulb thomas edison started working worked months bulbs
war began europe millions soldiers countries fought war war called war war begin soldiers fighting countries europe building strong armies country wanted strongest army soldiers groups countries europe group called allies england france russia countries allies countries promised help war group countries called central powers germany austria hungary countries part central powers central powers promised help war countries want help allies central powers countries neutral war neutral countries fight allies central powers map page shows allies central powers war prince austria hungary shot killed person serbia serbia small country serbia part allies austria hungary angry army attacked serbia central powers help austria hungary fight allies help serbia war begun united states want fight war americans want fight war atlantic ocean
war american helped allies fight freedom europe american women worked country home women learned jobs war women letter carriers women worked factories women worked hard help united states win war women angry angry allowed vote united states constitution allow women vote constitution needed amendment allow women vote susan anthony wanted women vote susan born teacher women teachers paid teachers paid salaries susan anthony fair women teachers paid things susan working women salaries give money husbands fathers women wanted study colleges allow women study colleges susan anthony wanted women rights decided stop teaching spent rest working women rights elizabeth cady stanton woman wanted women rights elizabeth susan friends elizabeth helped susan amendment constitution amendment allow women vote
axis nations fighting rule winning war december united states began fight war ii american soldiers fight italy germany europe fight japan asia millions american soldiers helped allies win war america changed ways war women worked factories young fighting army women worked factories ships airplanes guns clothing soldiers needed farmers united states worked hard grow extra food soldiers food home wanted foods rationed families small amount foods flour sugar united states needed lot metal war collected metal metal things factories guns ships bullets war dwight eisenhower american army general leader allied soldiers soldiers england france canada united states fighting allies general eisenhower helped soldiers fight axis countries general eisenhower led allied soldiers italy german soldiers italy fight allies allies fought months italy italy surrendered italian soldiers fight allies
cesar chavez born arizona parents united states mexico cesar family moved california migrant farm workers migrant farm workers farm move farm cesar family moved times cesar parents moved cesar school cesar schools children migrant farm workers schools migrant workers paid money cesar parents poor cesar chavez decided help migrant farm workers cesar chavez started union farm workers today union called united farm workers america cesar chavez started grocery stores drug stores members united farm workers food medicine expensive union stores cesar wanted help migrant farm workers cesar chavez wanted migrant farm workers contracts contract paper tells workers paid hours farm workers contracts farm owners pay workers money contracts help working tell money workers paid cesar decided help farm workers contracts salaries grape growers california refused give contracts salaries grape pickers
vietnam poor country southeast asia vietnam thousands miles united states war vietnam million americans fought war chapter read war vietnam learn meaning words democracy communism government united states called democracy democracy vote president members congress democracy freedom religion freedom press freedom speech countries democracies united states countries communist governments communist nation choose lawmakers freedom religion freedom press freedom speech government owns stores businesses government americans believe freedom democracy communism vietnam divided countries northern part called north vietnam southern part called south vietnam communists ruled north vietnam wanted rule south vietnam leaders south vietnam want country communist nation communists lived south vietnam called viet wanted force south vietnam communist country government north vietnam soldiers weapons help viet viet soldiers attacked villages burned schools houses killed united states want south vietnam communist nation
learned united states nation leader wonderful women helped america nation natural resources helped america country natural resources things earth water fish wild animals trees natural resources land farming natural resource metals silver iron natural resources found inside earth coal oil natural gas found inside earth coal oil natural gas resources electricity heat homes oil makes cars airplanes today united states problem natural resources think america nation natural resources americans try save resources millions trees chopped trees paper build houses trees planted trees chopped cities west water live water farmers grow food water americans save water ways faster showers remember turn sink faucets cities dirty factory water cleaned factories americans throw newspapers glass bottles metal cans
murdered turned ball dam burst side head hand grenade shattered stomach engulfed nausea pitched grass mouth encountered gravel spat frantically afraid teeth knocked rising feet saw field drifting gauze held settled place lens focusing making sharp edges play called pass fading picked decent block cocked arm searching receiver maybe tall kid called suddenly caught whirled violently toy boat caught whirlpool landing knees hugging ball urged ignore pain gripped groin knowing important betray sign distress remembering advice coach testing testing looking guts guts jerry murmured getting degrees careful displace bones sinews telephone rang ears hello hello moved lips tasted acid dirt grass gravel aware players helmeted grotesque creatures unknown felt lonely abandoned defenseless play hit simultaneously knees stomach head helmet protection
boxes twenty thousand archie whistled astonishment didn blow cool easily brother leon image twenty thousand boxes chocolates delivered trinity ridiculous saw mustache brother leon upper lip watery eyes dampness forehead clicked wasn calm deadly leon hold class palm hand riddled cracks crevices archie absolutely afraid rapid beating heart betray sudden knowledge proof suspected brother leon grownups adults vulnerable running scared open invasion lot chocolates brother leon admitted managing voice casual archie admired smart leon hard pin sweating madman voice remained calm reasoned tradition working favor chocolate sale annual event boys expect sell ten thousand boxes chocolates twenty thousand special chocolates archie high profit special deal special archie asked pressing advantage student talking teacher crap voice leon office special invitation let leon talk real archie kid sat algebra class
re emile archie asked amusement voice amusement obvious emile gas car watching flow glass jug emile giggled amused archie discovered performing act getting gas week emile car parked end school parking lot belonged senior carlson emile carlson saw stealing gas archie asked knew answer emile didn bother reply grinned knowingly archie carlson wouldn thin mild kid hated getting involved messes defied emile anyway fat skinny mild emile brute kind funny didn look brute wasn big overly strong fact small tackle football team animal didn play rules help small eyes imbedded pale flesh eyes seldom smiled despite giggle grin flashed face especially knew reaching emile called reaching whistling softly class teacher nerves barely perceptible whistle drive teacher wall
terrible mark splendid scholar thank brother leon marks fine brother fine fact thought mean aiming high honors term teacher shaking head sorrowfully confused received fact seldom received mark lower seventh eighth grades st jude received straight term scored high trinity entrance exam awarded rare trinity scholarships hundred dollars contributed tuition picture paper terrible routine test turning nightmare surprised brother leon excellent student david looked sudden wonder hope brother leon seldom called student distance pupils invisible line teacher student crossed hearing pronounce david friendly fashion gentleness understanding allowed hope mistake difficult test reasons teacher exams wrong subtle interpretation facts difference pass fail
morning jerry found hangover feel eyes burned fire fueled lack sleep head throbbed shooting pains stomach sensitive slightest movement lurching bus caused strange reactions body reminded kid carsick trips beach parents stop car side road jerry vomited waited storm stomach subside added troubles morning possibility test geography studied night wrapped chocolate sale happened leon class paying penalty sleep study trying read lousy geography lesson lumbering lurching bus morning light dazzling white page slipped seat hey renault guts jerry looked blinded momentarily eyes shifted page face kid spoken knew vaguely school junior maybe lighting cigarette smokers despite smoking signs kid shook head boy let leon bastard beautiful blew smoke jerry eyes stung feeling stupid surprised funny thought situation private battle brother leon planet
quitting team jerry thought liked football re starting click sensational catch yesterday headed bus stop today wednesday practice wednesday jerry looking forward arriving bus stop girl beautiful hair maple syrup seen times smiled gotten close read schoolbooks held arms ellen barrett someday courage speak hi ellen call telephone today maybe let run mad awkward books prevented running grace abandon mere act running cheered quitting team jerry asked voice higher usual strained running quit jerry glad voice normal unaffected running turned gate street jerry asked launching gate street burst speed feet pounded pavement tell wondered jerry shot ahead glanced shoulder face crimson effort damn caught slight acceleration pace easily slid past hear happened brother eugene asked
sweet sweet dark safe dark safe quiet dared move afraid body loose bones spilling building collapsing picket fence clattering small sound reached ears realized crooning softly singing lullaby suddenly missed mother absence formed tears cheeks cried beating lain ground moments blackout dragged locker room school walking tightrope misstep send hurtling depths washed cold water liquid fingernails inflaming scratches face won sell chocolates beat fairy queer stolen school wanting witness painful passage street bus stop collar criminal newscasts herded court funny violence re hide re criminal shuffled bus grateful wasn crowded school buses maverick bus appeared odd hours bus full women blue hair big handbags pretended sailing eyes askew stalked rear bus noses wrinkled caught smell vomit passed
raffle crying loud raffle raffle trinity history school history archie architect event watched proceedings stadium filling kids streaming slips paper sold passed lights cool autumn evening stood improvised stage carter vigils erected afternoon archie direction boxing ring resurrected bowels bleachers restored absence ropes platform stood directly fifty yard line close stands kid wouldn miss action archie give money worth athletic field quarter mile school residence brothers lived archie chances disguised event football rally strictly students teachers present arranged sweet faced kid ask permission looked choir boy teacher refuse moment hand kids arriving air crisp cool excitement shivering crowd renault ring glancing uneasily archie marveled things things arranged manipulated instance guys tonight archie able alter actions
jerry wet darkness funny darkness shouldn wet blood jerry blood wasn black red surrounded black jerry liked darkness moist warm wet hey jerry voices window calling shut window shut shut voices jerry sad voice sad scared scared voice suddenly pain verified existence brought focus jesus pain easy jerry easy saying cradling jerry arms platform brilliantly lit operating table stadium empty curious stragglers hanging bitterly watched guys leaving chased brother jacques couple faculty members guys place leaving scene crime strangely subdued struggled ring darkness finally reached jerry lights doctor yelled kid called obie archie stooge obie nodded face pale ghostlike floodlights easy drawing jerry closer jerry felt broken jerry raised voice needing answer answer eyes shut lid pain
lives community kinds communities communities big cities small towns picture page shows small town community big small end chapter able explain community kinds communities read symbols communities map important needs communities compass rose community place live communities begin grow places meet live main roads meet start community meeting place river travel begin community banks communities grown ocean places ships land live communities communities look communities look pictures page show communities parts country communities things learn times fun working person family working pictures page show ways communities things activities community ways communities alike homes schools hospitals stores businesses
let look kinds communities called city city large center live city picture houston texas city live close live apartment buildings live houses live city community million live houston person cities houston airport sheltered place ships land called harbor houston big office buildings schools hospitals theaters museums houston big sports stadium called astrodome cities houston busy place large cities surrounded smaller communities called suburbs americans lives suburb suburb river forest illinois live river forest suburbs river forest community houses stores schools hospitals libraries live suburbs travel nearby cities shop special things river forest nearby city chicago live suburb big city kind community small town town community smaller city small town freedom maine
communities need things things called natural resources resource need natural resource nature air soil plants animals trees water pictures page show ways community water ways community water communities need energy power things energy needed supply heat electricity homes factories buildings community natural resources energy coal natural resource communities burn coal energy communities need important resource source skill community called human resources community community human resources ways skilled building roads roads repair put buildings paint buildings safe fire look pictures page human resources jobs communities live community need making sure things schools open fall snow removed streets storm community track things community forms government government group manage community managing
story shungopovi began ago hopi built houses base mesa shungopovi danger attacked community moved top mesa safe hopi women built walls homes stones mud hold stones fill cracks cut logs roofs logs laid small poles reeds twigs thick layer earth packed finish roof enter house person climb ladder roof hole roof ladder climb house village attacked pulled ladders community fort homes hopi simple corner fireplace heat room winter clay pots cooking holding water wove cotton blankets hopi sleeping hanging ceiling pole family hung clothes hopi family grew rooms added house hopi built rooms top buildings stories high houses called pueblos spanish called indians built houses pueblo indians hopi remember planted corn
shungopovi today believe hopi community gathers watch kachinas dance laugh clowns things shungopovi changed reasons spain hopi land claimed land country spanish brought guns horses brought peach trees almond trees sheep things passed railroad built hopi land brought homes land called settlers settlers brought jobs working money hopi today hopi jobs shungopovi nearby towns teachers stores banks nurses electricians plumbers hopi stay shungopovi things sell beautiful clay pots silver jewelry buy hopi goods things picture page picture shows hopi community changed roads cars telephone poles houses doors glass windows things changed houses kind stone mud ago hopi women want ways want things hundreds
ago southwest belonged american indians spain spanish governor governor peralta wanted build capital city govern southwest governor needed place fresh water soil grow food capital american indian trails area indian trails community community short search governor found place spot indian village lay bottom snowcapped mountains clear stream flowed nearby american indian trails close soil rich place begin building santa fe governor peralta government located building finished santa fe building called palace governors palace walls built adobe bricks bricks mud chopped straw bricks bake hot sun hard adobe bricks large heavy thick walls thick walls houses warm winter cool summer soon capital built traders trip mexico santa fe traders buy sell goods spanish mexican settlers capital traveled wagons pulled horses oxen spanish government santa fe let traders united states community
pella farming community iowa pella area farmers grow corn raise cattle hogs jobs pella farming farm machines supply goods services needed farmers end chapter able natural resources important farming community interpret picture graph explain pella began remembers past describe farming pella pella important farming community farming agriculture big business iowa find iowa map iowa part big farming area united states call iowa corn corn grown iowa pella prairie prairie flat rolling land covered tall grass prairie layers rich soil earth farming soil iowa rain falls april september crops growing period called growing season rain important natural resource farming community farmers iowa grow farm products united states corn iowa grows soybeans oats hay wheat season pella winters cold lakes ponds freeze snow covers town fields months
locate netherlands map european settlers pella netherlands netherlands known dutch happy netherlands allowed worship group decided leave netherlands leader henry peter called means minister bought land iowa began community called pella pella worship chose pella spoke dutch wore dutch clothes soon called pella decided important decided citizens country united states settlers countries dutch pella learned speak english learned government voted leaders americans pella proud dutch past proud settlers started community part town set historical village honor pella history village visitors pella homes early barn mill grinding corn farm tools village shows pella looked ago farmers pella hard plow soil today farmers hard modern tools machines farming easier
communities proud goods big chair picture thomasville north carolina thomasville community southeastern part united states town center furniture making chapter learn thomasville end chapter able give reasons natural resources important manufacturing community tell thomasville began railroad route explain industry important community industry community depend community natural resources wood natural resource needed furniture kinds trees grow forests thomasville furniture making main industry thomasville thomasville furniture produced partly partly machines making large number products machine called manufacturing machines manufacturing need source power thomasville power comes natural resource water north carolina dams walls control flow water rivers water released dams power flow water electricity thomasville electrical power run machines needed manufacturing map page tells thomasville shows north carolina united states find thomasville map southern part united states thomasville cities cities part called piedmont plateau
fiona foster fill dog dish fiona dog kind pet saved money buy dog dish put front porch filled water hoping dog drop drink stay minutes friend fiona hoping dog owner dog stay hour friend fiona friends filling dog dish fiona friends re shy mother told meet don try father told greet wait drop fiona thought don treat fiona fill dog dish dog sight bee dish swimming water bottom dish fiona felt terrible knew dog drop drink bee knew dog owner want pet drink bee met friends trouble bee trouble swam slower slower gave
feel crawled arm shoulder settled climb tired looked corner eye fiona bee looked peaceful shoulder stand longer told fall faint fall bee mad idea thought brilliant idea decided walk porch carefully bee jiggled walk slowly smoothly park find sunny place filled flowers swimming drying bee hungry saw flowers remembered hungry fly snack flower nectar carefully stepped porch step calm bee thought took sidewalk moved carrying eggs head walked slowly park looked side bee shoulder fifteen minutes walked blocks girl close fiona size crossing street pushing stroller baby girl looked fiona don move
finally spike found grassy hill covered clover flower bed filled tulips sit carefully bee won upset fiona warned upset bee howard held spike barbara took oliver stroller soon bee remembers hungry fly flower fiona starts moving don excited leave nodded spike whined shoulder eats barbara asked going wait fiona starts eat leave looked surprised oliver dogs cats need fiona pets need bees don bees free going leave bee attached bill howard wow pauline martha nodded waited bee hungry barbara asked fiona lived pauline invited fiona play ping pong house martha asked fiona movies saturday larry fiona ride bike oliver drooled foot bill let hold pet rat howard gave bite candy bar spike shook hands finally bee moved wings fiona moved barbara picked oliver howard called spike bee wings moved faster fiona moved farther bee flew swoop clover fiona stood
meadow cows grazed horses ran stone wall wall barn granary chatty family field mice home farmers moved barn abandoned granary stood empty winter mice began gather corn nuts wheat straw worked night frederick frederick don asked frederick gather sun rays cold dark winter days saw frederick sitting staring meadow frederick gather colors answered frederick simply winter gray frederick half asleep dreaming frederick asked reproachfully frederick gathering words winter days run things say winter days snow fell field mice took stones beginning lots eat mice told stories foolish foxes silly cats happy family nibbled nuts berries straw corn memory cold wall felt chatting
bob bike waited bike important bob wants care bob keeps bike clean keeps safe place important care bob bike important important care important person need care care learn health health condition body mind health ways care bodies think clearly health important health book learn health learn important care going learn book carol camping family family walks swims goes fishing carol needs healthy body likes camping trip think need healthy body ways body healthy body healthy
children playing game child taking turn leader fun getting part health ways turns fair play games thoughtful feelings polite share housework family tell feel play suppose going birthday party book game gift pick book choice choice decision object action choice objects actions choice objects actions choices health guidelines remember choices choices healthy choices safe choices agree rules family morning ready school choice skip breakfast eat skip breakfast tire easily pay attention class eat healthful breakfast energy listen choose eat breakfast healthful choice playing ball
family teaches healthy safe parents help choose healthful foods remind rest show care teeth family rules family rules help stay healthy families let smoke homes want clean air health rules family family rules help safe rule toys left stairs trip toy fall stairs family ways care health safety phone numbers close telephone family keeps telephone numbers fire police departments poison control center doctor numbers close telephone person family sick hurt rest family helps care person help family sick safety rules family telephone numbers health safety phone friend friend friend friend friend important friend spend ride bikes play games
teeth appeared baby teeth called primary teeth primary teeth small children twenty primary teeth birthday older grew larger mouth jaw grew larger primary teeth loose began fall feel lost tooth tooth soon larger teeth began primary teeth larger teeth called permanent teeth permanent teeth set teeth care permanent teeth lifetime look picture permanent teeth mirror look closely permanent teeth tooth parts crown part tooth shapes crowns permanent teeth crown tooth covered enamel enamel hard white material enamel helps protect crown gums mirror gum pink tissue tooth part tooth called root gum root holds tooth jawbone inside center tooth pulp nerves blood vessels pulp eat small pieces food stick teeth food caught teeth
brushing flossing remove plaque teeth plaque left teeth hard remove dentist dental hygienist cleans plaque teeth teeth cleaned dentist checks teeth cavities cavity hole enamel tooth dentist tooth ray find cavity tooth ray picture insides teeth cavity dentist put filling cavity filling material fills hole tooth filling stops hole bigger dentist months teeth healthier teeth stay cleaner smile brighter eating kinds foods helps healthy teeth gums cheese foods milk group help teeth hard fruits oranges help gums healthy foods healthful teeth eat foods lot sugar cavities candy cookies brownies sugar coated cereal foods lot sugar soft drinks lot sugar chew gum chewing gum sugar cavities chewing gum sugar sugarless gum teeth gum sugar help prevent cavities
skin organ covers body skin helps stay healthy nerve cells skin help feel objects touch skin helps control body temperature skin layers epidermis outer layer skin epidermis cells epidermis dead dead cells falling rubbed skin cells dead cells alive living cells taking place dead skin cells dermis layer skin dermis blood vessels dermis blood vessels carries food oxygen cells skin ways skin healthy need eat foods foods meat group green leafy vegetables skin need sleep skin cells sleep night skin needs clean wash soap water soap break oils skin helps remove dirt trapped oils washes extra oil germs dead skin cells washing soap water removes perspiration perspiration salty waste liquid comes skin perspiration removed dirt germs collect skin skin face needs special care
look physical fitness physical fitness healthy physical fitness condition shape body body condition physical fitness feel tire easily sick sick faster physical fitness muscles need exercise kinds muscles body muscles need kinds exercises exercises put groups kind exercise helps body physical fitness need exercises muscles lift pull push objects muscles strong need muscles strong muscles weak kinds exercises muscles strong answer depends muscles want chinning climbing rope makes arm muscles strong riding horse jogging makes leg muscles strong sit ups muscles stomach strong action short putting big box shelf action times swimming pool lot
alison jackie excited ready begin race think feels think happening bodies alison jackie feel stress stress strain tension person body mind girls feel stress wanting win race girls want run fast feels stress feel stress feel stress test school worry clean room friends house worry finish stress room loud noises noise makes tense feel stress skipped breakfast hungry eat feel stress sick stress body stressed working hard kill germs sick body feel stress heart beats faster usual pumps blood quickly body breathe faster usual need oxygen sugar stored body goes blood sugar give energy notice body mouth dry hands feel sweaty muscles feel tight felt
stress healthful suppose family moves neighborhood spend worrying feel stress trying friends stay home stress body running race staying home stop stress soon feel tired heart working hard sugar blood feel stress healthful help stress healthful stop stress makes body tired stress makes heart hard feel stress times stress healthful stay healthy stress healthful karen tries club meetings school getting homework feels stress karen decides limit club meetings homework school reduce stress plan tom going play basketball muscles feel tight feels stress tom begins shake hands arms shoulders relax shakes legs relaxing helps stress rita carlos angry rita goes home feels stress takes walk exercise helps rita feel thomas math
ways alike ways alike want healthy healthy feel healthy person feel healthy healthy ruth healthy body keeps neat clean rest eats healthful foods todd healthy mind mind ways read write likes think puzzles jack marie manners share ways look foods games person person girl age rides horses reads books twin sister twin sisters alike girl special special means ways special important children special boy proud builds feels girl runs race win parents proud tries girl reason special feel special healthy
play part family family group related family small family live home family large family live homes big family family fun tell family fun family person family job maybe family works working fun family help help sick hurt help sad help family family help families act family choose ways live learn ways live family family chooses ways health eating healthful foods needed health family chooses healthful foods eat healthful foods family eat exercise needed health family chooses ways exercise tell family exercise exercise family choose health family rules rule helps decide act rules help family live rules parents family safe
filled objects look listen objects feel smell objects seeing hearing smelling tasting touching senses senses observe objects senses find senses eyes eyes sense sight suppose playing ball friend throws ball eyes send message brain ball moving sense sight tell sense sight today sense sight stay healthy look cars crossing street read labels taking pills sense sight stay healthy railroad crossing ears ears hear hear sense hearing suppose playing piano hit key ears send message brain hear sound piano sense hearing today sense hearing stay healthy hear bike horn move hear fire alarm leave building sense hearing stay healthy sense touch feel objects sense touch
sue runs morning juan swims night sue juan move run swim muscles muscles body parts help body move muscles stand straight muscles jump rope muscles read write muscles arms legs muscles heart heart muscle moves blood body heart works works sleep air moves lungs body muscles chest help move air lungs muscles boys girls move exercise exercise moving body muscles help strong ways exercise exercise school play games run jump exercise feel exercise family family help muscles strong exercise ways exercise body works strong physical fitness body strong physical fitness stay healthy strength play tire quickly mary physical fitness feels feels plan physical fitness
teeth seen months teeth called baby teeth ten baby teeth grow top part mouth ten grow bottom part mouth baby teeth small hard stay mouth begin lose baby teeth teeth grow places teeth called permanent teeth permanent teeth permanent teeth bigger baby teeth harder grow permanent teeth grow teeth top mouth grow bottom mouth kinds permanent teeth kind tooth front mouth teeth sharp edge cut food eat pointed teeth front teeth pointed teeth tear food pointed teeth grow pointed teeth flat teeth flat teeth tear crush food teeth mouth wide flat grind food eat find wide flat teeth pictures drawing shows permanent tooth tooth parts find parts tooth part look mouth eat kinds food food stuck teeth
think stay healthy eat kinds food help grow drink water exercise rest healthy need kind drug drug body works drug doctor parent thinks help think sick maybe head hurt feel medicine medicines drugs drugs medicine help ways medicine fight germs body medicine put cuts kills germs cut medicine help times medicines help sick change body ways healthy suppose boys sick doctor gave boy medicine boy upset stomach mother called doctor doctor gave boy medicine boy father bought medicine drugstore boy rash skin father read medicine label found medicines read medicine labels medicine medicine kind medicine
fall homes hurt fall fall careless careless means follow safety rules jason wants box top shelf reach jason careless asks parents box trip fall trip loose rug trip toy help prevent falls home prevent means stop prevent person falling rug prevent person falling toys fires destroy homes fires hurt kill fires home start careless robert wants pan burner knows careful fire safely pan brenda light candles allowed matches knows children age matches fire home tell parents home stay home parents call fire department neighbor home fires happen home ways room home fire drill practice burning building fire drills school fire drills home
places home schools parks stores tall buildings places home neighborhood look neighborhoods neighborhood throw paper cans kinds trash streets paper cans trash thrown streets called litter litter litter makes neighborhood look dirty neighborhoods litter neighborhood want live dennis spends lot room sleeps plays friends draws makes models desk dennis takes care room keeps clean neat dirty room room looks messy room needs care needs clean neat pick toys books games hang clothes bed help room clean neat cheryl helps home clean neat helps parent fix broken chair cleans flower bed picks papers fall floor cheryl proud home likes friends play likes spend help home clean neat
bob painted picture castle liked picture friend gary wanted room bob paint bob tried copy picture castle ways pictures alike bob gary knew exactly alike ways color hair things tall ways bob tried copy painting look try copy person kind person exactly look exactly things special exactly friends meet parents child teacher person class person special exactly father mother exactly brother sister exactly friend special friend special strengths strong points strengths areas
bob speech class mary moves neighborhood carlos plays championship softball game tony ill ann sees car hit dog young feels stress stress reaction demand mind body stress tension kinds stress kind stress body heart beat faster rate breathing increase hands feel sweaty kind stress feelings stress makes feel excited feel full pep energy stress feel opposite feel tired feel sad want eat friends feel stress minutes hours stress goes times stress lasts feel stress stress stress healthy healthful stress body help things minutes hours carlos going play championship softball game heart beats fast breathes usual feels full excitement body help carlos play ball short harmful stress body healthful ann saw car hit dog heart beat fast
meet steve steve friendly cheerful boy twelve lives mother father brothers fond grey cat ferrari ways steve age loves family plays friends school steve born syndrome person syndrome happy alert condition syndrome affects person learn steve learns slowly tries steve going school today goes school learns gym art music young school goes special classes classes learns words numbers family helps school young syndrome live steve steve community special program young play volleyball softball learning exercises bodies art music part program steve enjoy things part program steve cooking lessons steve helped parents cookies wonders cook foods steve favorite thing watch basketball games watches college games television
seen computer say computers amazing add subtract multiply divide store recall important facts pictures solve problems quickly part body computer chapter amazing part body called brain look head mirror notice curves brain fits upper parts head brain soft protected skull brain size grapefruit weighs kilograms special cells called neurons neurons nerve cells billions neurons brain millions rest body skin eyes teeth body parts neurons brain body parts form network network carries messages brain body parts helps body brain protected covered bones skull surrounded liquid skull liquid protect brain injury look shelled walnut idea brain looks walnut brain folds wrinkles figure folds wrinkles divide brain sections section special job
heard saying mind studies show true mind play role stopping pain mind case means brain scientists found brain makes pain killer pain killers called cells body block pain doctors block pain plank pain doctors operated pain remains plank taking part experiment doctors electrodes brain electrodes thin hairlike wires case electrodes part brain thought release electricity electrode enter plank bloodstream travel soon pain relieved wondered feel pain scientists believe amount pain person feels related level body greater level pain thought exercise increases amount body heard runner high runner high feeling lightness happiness person running thought caused increased amounts study beginning ways brain hold key fighting pain
think team won championship learn main reason team winner team players worked team inside body team works help stay healthy part team helps breathe part carries important substances body cells chapter heart lungs part team helps healthy respiratory system respiratory system body parts control breathing breathing brings oxygen body let body oxygen inhale breathe air nose tiny hairs inside nose trap small specks dirt air inhale cleaned hairs stop dirt going body nose moist inside surface moisture helps trap smaller pieces dirt special cells line inside nose cells protect warn harmful air help smell things smoke spoiled food dust filled room sneezed nerve cells nose sneeze sneezing helps dust getting deeper inside body nasal cavity plays role breathing nasal cavity air passage nose divided left passageway
eaten foods today minerals raisins milk minerals nutrients needed actions body minerals help muscles nerves minerals minerals need eating kinds foods minerals important calcium mineral needed building strong bones teeth calcium helps blood clot cut blood clots bleeding stops calcium found milk yogurt cheese green vegetables iron mineral needed red blood cells iron found prune juice liver dried beans egg yolks peas red meat red blood cells die body making suppose eat foods iron body healthy red blood cells anemic anemic healthy red blood cells anemic tired vitamins nutrients help body proteins carbohydrates fats ways vitamins need eat foods vitamins vitamin pills list foods eat look table getting vitamins body needs select foods eat remember vitamin pills place foods vitamins glass water today
summer enjoy sports young age part national youth sports program sports program boys girls ages program held colleges country program paid federal government organized community services administration national collegiate athletic association worked wanted program help young learn sports wanted young learn young program weeks learn skills swimming football basketball softball gymnastics volleyball dance tennis track field teachers include college high school coaches known athletes learning sports skills things learn young learn relate friends play sports friends learn winner loser classes study learn jobs learn bodies talks foods eat smoke drink alcohol young college campus think future college play sports college
today days difference ill mother cold brother flu boy sits school sore throat infectious disease infectious disease disease type disease feel ill likes ill difficult avoid infectious diseases entirely facts help need facts answer questions infectious disease infectious disease happens body infectious disease prevent infectious disease disease agent infectious disease kinds disease agents viruses smallest disease agents viruses special microscope viruses harmful cold flu measles mumps diseases caused viruses bacteria common form earth bacteria water soil bacteria body body kinds bacteria harm disease strep throat strep throat caused bacteria protozoa celled animal disease agents protozoa small larger bacteria
exercise school eat breakfast careful amount sleep night common health facts choose healthy actions chapter learn important learn health facts sheet paper list things important look list thing listed young age list guess things lists included family friends lists wrote word health write health list health means able live things help physical health means healthy body need physical health mental health means able think clearly solve problems mental health understand feelings need mental health social health means able relate social health able friends family members physical mental social health need facts health health knowledge aware facts affect health
spent hour enjoyed needs soon missed family friends missed talking things enjoyment comes kind sharing chapter learn ways share communication giving sharing information communication helps family friends communication communicate learned speak clearly listen carefully practiced skills help communicate suppose giving grade communicate suppose friends going give grade grade look list skills grade speak loud hear saying speak choose words carefully understand mean able express feelings careful say things ways hurt feelings listen carefully talking watch actions speaking sure listening carefully remember things careful repeat things correctly repeat things told confidence
feelings fall bicycle cut leg feel pain pet kitten kitten fur feel soft touch pan stove feel hot point knife feels sharp physical feelings important feelings feelings inside chapter learn feelings emotions feelings inside emotions examples marie afraid give speech classmates afraid feelings danger feelings wanting special ken angry mike tells lie angry strong unfriendly feelings result harmed hurt ann feels guilty watches tv homework feel guilty wrong pablo happy receives grade health test happy feelings pleasure joy abigail hates cigarettes smoke makes cough hate strong dislike felicia jealous brother ten speed bicycle birthday jealous feel bill collects model cars likes enjoyable feelings
process normal digestion describe process writing problems occur digestive system problems eat large meal stomach full food swallowed air air gas gas feeling full uncomfortable full feeling baby burped drinking bottle feel large meal food travels esophagus stomach food comes mouth stomach vomiting forcing food stomach esophagus mouth vomit ill vomit seasick carsick swallow types poison forced vomit rids body poison tell parents think swallowed harmful stress increase amount gastric juice produced gastric juices irritate lining stomach ulcer damage stomach lining results person ulcers feels burning ribs treated ulcers large begin bleed doctor help needed treat ulcers medicine diet help heal ulcer ulcer removed surgically
andy finished running laps football field usual finished football players andy finished run susan enjoyed going swimming pool play friends minutes susan tired quickly sit edge pool rest andy susan share common problem overweight person overweight weighs normal height body build millions americans overweight fact americans overweight overweight health problem andy susan unable play overweight affect person physical mental social health shorten person extra fat tissue body carries body organs harder normal eating habits common reason overweight learned remembering letters alphabet stands quality means kinds foods eat person needs eat proper nutrients strong healthy body diet carbohydrates fats likely overweight choose foods food groups balanced diet stands quantity amount food eat overweight eat servings food meals need
young picture bicycle trip yesterday stopped swim tonight build fire roast marshmallows young enjoy outdoors began trip leader taught exercises ready trip chapter learn exercises help body healthy condition physical fitness result exercises body condition physically fit reach top condition young going bicycle trip knew importance fitness leader advised jump rope ten minutes ready trip encouraged ride bikes instructed eat balanced meals sleep remember nutrients needed supply energy body physical fitness includes eating kinds food getting sleep exercising young physically fit exercises eating properly getting sleep mike tom friends excited going bike trip mike jump rope ten minutes stopping bike park effort tom found difficult exercise began jump rope tire easily bike park needed rest awhile
healthy diet sound exercise program help healthy important keeping healthy body protects disease sick microbes enter bodies microbes tiny living things seen microscope microbes called germs microbes affect health disease diseases caused microbes called infectious diseases microbes enter body begin multiply fast happens healthy cells body damaged main types microbes diseases bacteria celled living things common form earth grow air water soil living things viruses lifelike matter smaller bacteria grow living cells viruses seen ordinary microscope person sick doctor special tests tests show type microbe causing illness helps doctor give medicine treat illness medicines directly affect microbe causing disease healthy body ways protecting microbes unbroken skin blocks microbes entering body outer layer skin dead cells microbes layer white blood cells surround destroy microbes enter body
feel body affected microbes chapter describe common illnesses runny stuffed nose sore throat cough signs symptoms cold cold disease caused virus invades respiratory system body parts involved breathing belong respiratory system colds cold common infectious disease reason hear cold called common cold heard say dress warmly catch cold don rain catch cold believe sayings catch cold catching cold virus cold rainy weather catch cold virus cold hot wet cold symptoms worse think colds colds caused viruses viruses severe colds mild colds viruses colds coughs coughs viruses grow body determine signs cold viruses nose runny stuffed nose
watching tv show doctors hospitals scene takes place mrs green patient room heart attack days ago hooked machines suddenly machine begins beep waves screen fluttering nurse runs room looks screen mrs green heart beating correctly nurse calls help team medical rushes room equipment metal plates wires connected mrs green chest electricity mrs green heart chest jerks heartbeat restored normal mrs green saved likely seen happen television machine mrs green save thousands lives machine called shock heart normal heartbeat invented dr bernard town harvard university developing dr town thought happens heart danger electrical waves heart fail correctly heart muscle flutter beat result heart pump blood person die dr town thought electrical charge heart restore heart normal mind developed consists box stores electrical energy
feeling concept concept tend winner poor concept tend loser concept influences physical mental emotional social health refer figure concept poor concept concept develop gain concept increase knowledge knowledge information give understanding poor concept results understand happening body examples uncomfortable bodies bob growing rapidly taller rest students feels awkward wonders growing fast begins slouch shorter proud appearance jane beginning develop acne skin clear jane conscious wants cover face uncomfortable appearance bob jane difficult understanding occurring bodies feel uncomfortable health class learn person develops rate learn grow fast slow develop
betsy goodman count story means overconfident things huge complex lot books say common age fifteen call beautiful teeth father tell thousand dollars perfect average height dark straight hair falls shoulders hint slightest natural curl eyes big brown sighted absolutely wear glasses ago eye doctor told big beautiful eyes sighted kind meant statement rolls crazy re front mirror looking horn rimmed face thing vaguely interesting ambition want special think married maybe couple kids looking husband living beach california reading special wanted plain single alive island stand sort simple find involved lisa shilling lisa thing
lisa began stay home wouldn brian going school feeling wished disappear miserably hard brian lisa couple school bright popular organized things captain hockey team side wanted helping cheering standing smiling arm brian found talked couldn lisa mentioned illness decided couldn mention brian tried speak fears lisa saw room home shades drawn tiny light school began able tell lisa black began call fairly bright jumped side side confident clever open times withdraw speak whisper avoid meeting hall lunch point clothes tell frame mind days beautiful
mrs truly interested re difference busier apartment york big house town mrs attention broken pieces homes listening talk thing aware shift talking speed unnerving lady smith blade grass haven kind cash suspect smart complain ways guess luckiest father insurance salesman don think bothers makes living says care family fun medium height looks medium respect think likes person mean daughter matters lot means talk calm look things realistically mother course daddy want
looked ran find brother seen heard shrugged deciding wasn game room raintree county gotten comfortable doorbell rang ran elizabeth forgotten coming hi hello coming lisa haven mean thought phoned phoned game room elizabeth turning getting ready leave guess expect things don stay offered elizabeth looked minute smiled motioned room set going rang bell told walked house lisa disappearance reasons ridiculous hi elizabeth elizabeth asked ask help mean run betsy knows idea kind confidence
bounced elizabeth reminded going try help lisa expect care lisa love times couldn allow hurt upset fired dug library card began devour book book calling hours read bits schizophrenia paranoia getting excited piece information discovery marvelous therapy pretty soon elizabeth leading began diagnosing escaped free neuroses symptoms latent overt field analyzed bernstein miss calculus teacher marvel father father lisa parents remembered saying knowledge dangerous thing known talked lisa talked pretty recovered wary lisa elizabeth elizabeth seldom spoke mattered step ahead lisa calm lisa needed guide thoughts meaningful
lot dreams asked pencil poised lisa thinking moment disappointed lecture course talked tune elizabeth asked mean re listening lecture mind wanders anyway minute thing dull lisa listen understand fast going quiz listen straining catch funny sounding word trying put meanings called won fail teacher asked raising head busy scribbling person lots english lisa answered umm nodding lisa started laugh think caught picture beard nez nodding lie couch lisa finally asked wouldn yes help seriously comfortable talking say comes head lisa couch stretched funny glint eye elizabeth looked winked motioning lisa assumed thoughtful pose began funny dreams
imagine depressed days lisa hospital able visit parents firm didn exams staring course buckled harder think forget anxieties thing don think realized sided past months concentrated hard lisa trying nearly forgotten kind sickness supposed lives huge responsibilities problems golden days important finally failed tried lisa tried closer getting help closer finally smashing clear depressing spent father told happening seen lisa illness tried diagnose decided help badly failed father wasn sure failed
ahead elizabeth opened door hear holding living room hi betsy elizabeth greeting happiest smile seen face hi want meet wants meet elizabeth walked living room grief farewell paul newman farewell forever dear dear paul forgive bigger help farewell paul baby hello hello hello neil donovan elizabeth introduced couldn breathe minute say hello politely think shock stood stared neil donovan feet tall maybe wavy sandy hair fell forehead curled neck beautiful nose greek noses aquiline word think actually maybe aquiline roman nose mean thin nose running bump curve looks carved stone eyes dear heart eyes paul keen re thousand miles huge screen
school ended soon afterward lisa stayed hospital week needed watched give chance rest going hospital dr donovan worked shillings idea mrs shilling beaten resistance objections fears finally concern lose daughter kind living death worse sudden cutting naturally mrs shilling especially reacted hid home twenty hours venturing store bank garbage felt sympathize showed face neighbors criticizing re told illnesses don happen reasons background incidents build point tautness personality finds releasing tension lisa release madness plain simple course wanted traced part family raised wasn important mattered lisa recover think dr donovan left lisa christmas counted fast months
august september husband george actually saw elsa lion courting quickly calculation days gestation meant cubs arrive december return told seen bear start camp afraid elsa follow mate reach arrived waiting big rock close car track affectionate hungry tents pitched lion started calling night circled camp remained george eating heartily uninterested mate appeal dawn heard lion calling farther days remained camp eating enormously sleepy move till afternoon fishing george night ate worried morning spite bulging belly trotted bush stalked jackals flock guinea fowl course closed flew sat licked paws walking ahead stopped dead sight ratel animal known honey badger rarely seen
ran fast found facing thicket panting hard bush angry snorting buffaloes evidently rallied preparing defend young moment later enraged cows charged elsa recognizing limitations withdrew keeping line george series quick thrusts forward returned equally fast support george waited herd fifteen yards shouted waved arm holding rifle animals puzzled strange performance moment indecision turned took care buffalo waiting ambush notoriously dangerous creatures morning george leave stayed elsa spent days camp spite continual calling mate evening looked river stiffened rushed bush tremendous barking baboons ensued till silenced roars soon answered lion fifty yards voice shake earth increased strength side elsa roared sitting anxious case loving pair decide tent meal offer
obviously scent knew intend let discover lie realize unaware spite intimacy elsa reactions wild animals amused remember prepared possibility cubs born tent flattered elsa regarded place felt safest spoor recently found led lower rock thought cubs born boulder later elsa moved thirty yards case move rains stopped boulder lie ideal nursery decided respect elsa wishes try cubs brought felt sure determined stay camp order provide food need leave family unguarded periods hunting decided meals reduce desert cubs put plan operation afternoon car close lie
readers born free remember elsa saved walking head spitting cobra coiled eye level fork nearby tree discovered snake home tree hole feet ground watched searching elsa cubs cobra reared feet george shot missed recently noticed hole sealed exception narrow slit mixture earth fiber saliva produced cement hard substance slit observed moving keen investigating hole supposed cobra nursery thing noticed fresh bird droppings base tree finally identified inhabitant young knew female imprisoned eggs hatching leaving opening big enable male feed family surprised pair nest close ground chosen home belonged cobra matter cobra thought proceedings family branches tree fifteen yards home recently seen young bright terracotta colored cobra
beginning june ten days absence returned camp sunset reached place miles short saw tree bush loaded birds prey drove slowly suddenly found surrounded elephants closed direction herd numbering thirty forty head neighborhood past weeks large number young calves worried mothers close car raised trunks fanning ears shaking heads angrily tricky situation improved arrival truck driven close george jumped roof land rover stood rifle hand waited endless elephants started cross car track twenty yards magnificent sight giants moved single file jerking massive heads disapprovingly direction protect young closely wedged bulky bodies making infuriated protests herd moved leaving small groups undecided bush waited follow eventually stood ground intention george wanted kill attracted birds light failing decided walk remaining groups elephants
strange lions rocks explained elsa fears case unlikely cubs chosen refuge dinner george start prepare weeks safari happy late hour wild animals move soon left lions began roar big rock calling night heard elsa moved cubs enclosure stayed till dawn took river later saw camp mixed buffalo spoor beast remained troubled presence night tents drink days attempts shoot crocodiles success elsa cubs aware friendly watched water attentively suspicious eddy floating sticks hand reactions inconsistent anxious safety afternoon called elsa bank appeared preparing swim cubs suddenly froze stared intently water
afternoon september george toto met family bush elsa greeted usual licked lick toto elsa stepped disapprovingly confirmed attitude altered fond toto birth cubs objected approached africans vice versa surprised ban extended toto night heard lion roaring george found spoor male lion camp later toto search elsa found rock called leaving toto base rock climbed paid attention look cubs stayed twenty minutes home wondering elsa mate nearby explanation behavior camp night afternoon saw family playing river cubs splashed fought floating sticks elsa toto position eye walked home interested toto rifle persistently stalked ambushed
night family sleeping tent lion started calling bank elsa took family wondered fierce lioness evening dragged dinner tent ropes outer fly ate finally buried stomach pleasant george soon afterward heard roars elsa crossed river cubs water deep morning found explanation daring swim saw single lioness close camp later returning camp found family gorging carcass discovered missing cub tents enjoying roast guinea fowl stolen table mischievous expression laugh rascal surprised preferred cooked meat fresh surprise family bush found cubs suckled ten half months think milk elsa teats empty suckled noticed signs adolescence grown fine fluff faces necks looked bit unshaven appearance certainly endearing
december cubs birthday began anxiously river high cross discover elsa night happy teatime family turned wet unharmed birthday treat guinea fowl cut portions share gobbling tidbits elsa hopped land rover cubs tore meat prepared lions happily occupied called escort walk soon set elsa jumped car seeing mother disappear stopped meal ran saw elsa parallel chasing bush place track comes nearest big rock lions sat rolled sand waited watched setting sun turn rock bright red elsa looked settled walked expecting family spend evening rock surprised close help tsetse flies trotted trained child elsa took scampered stop wait
order study talk earth geographers divide ways divide earth hemispheres half spheres earth divided equator halves called northern southern hemispheres study globe maps northern southern hemispheres page divide earth north pole south pole longitude halves called eastern western hemispheres study globe maps page eastern western hemispheres look atlas map pages find longitude notice dividing earth longitude divides europe africa continents hemispheres division geographers west longitude east longitude mark boundary eastern western hemispheres division makes studying western hemisphere easier continents western hemisphere look north south america globe enormous continents continents fourth land eighth live continents continents variety landscapes cultures entire variety landscape culture part influenced climate weather conditions period climate thing influences land
johnson county lies north latitude rocky mountains plains eastern part county plateau high flat land western johnson county big horn mountains part rockies eastern johnson county cool semiarid climate semiarid climate variable temperatures light precipitation look page buffalo wyoming johnson county average temperature january july precipitation january july land johnson county dry short grasses shrubs shrubs sagebrush tumbleweed kind land called steppe mountainous area western johnson county valleys rich grassy pastures chinook warm wind helps johnson county ideal grazing study diagram chinook cool winds pacific northwest blow rocky mountains cool air slides eastern side mountains warmer warm wind chinook melts snow called snow eating wind chinook melts snow sheep graze steppe winter summer ranchers move sheep cooler valleys big horn mountains region patagonia south latitude climate similar johnson county patagonia bordered ocean johnson county inland semiarid climates patagonia cold ocean temperatures extreme johnson county
western sides north south america pattern climates look atlas map pages find mediterranean marine west coast desert climate regions latitude north south find regions read notice differences places western sides north south america mild winters cool summers important difference place pleasant climate climate stormy choose live victoria capital canadian province british columbia north latitude city climate marine west coast victoria climate mildest canada reason mild climate victoria protected harsh weather located eastern coastal plains vancouver island large island canada southwestern coast find vancouver island victoria atlas map page notice victoria side island faces canada mainland winters victoria mild rainy look victoria average temperature january precipitation january summers cool dry average july temperature precipitation july victoria natural vegetation consists needleleaf evergreen forests mild weather brings tourists victoria victoria famous flower gardens
studied cultures americas seen groups hunters gatherers read development agriculture growth cities arrival european explorers step bit look north north america find eskimos early asia eskimos spread north find arctic circle atlas map page trace bering strait greenland early eskimos lived eskimo culture based survival extremely harsh environment frigid winters lasted ten months periods sun shine summer cold agriculture impossible food hunting fishing eskimo changed seasons winter eskimos lived sod houses sod grass covered earth houses eskimos dug hole feet cm deep built frame whalebone stone wood packed sections sod frame houses rooms eskimos hunted seals winter seals breathe air breathing holes ice hunters waited holes kill seals
early spain ready explore possessions conquistadores set expeditions conquer indian empires lands hernando cortes soldiers landed mexico eastern coast spring trace journey map page cortes knew march overland dangerous sure troops turn destroyed ships think burned think took case cortes troops turn august cortes troops began march tenochtitlan aztec capital city traveled inland dense steaming coastal jungle took months cover miles km spanish met indian allies groups allies help indians hated aztecs aztecs forced pay taxes slaves indian allies helped spanish giving valuable information aztecs defended capital city told spanish legend quetzalcoatl according legend quetzalcoatl god taught aztecs arts left promised return bringing wealth power quetzalcoatl pictured large fair skinned bearded aztecs heard invaders east
spain portugal ruled empires learned ways brought unjust countries interested controlling colonies colonies spain portugal empires lacked independence freedom set government tried correct injustices liberate set free countries latin america addition ideas freedom equal rights carried europe united states latin america simon bolivar south american liberator learned revolutionary war thomas jefferson ideas supported latin american colonists ideas rights freedoms wanted protests european control colonial era revolts important understanding revolutions freed latin america inca led revolt spanish army soon controlled large parts peru bolivia argentina believed spain recognize justice arguments eventually indians europeans live peace spain prepared give control entire family captured brutally executed indians continued fight leader eventually defeated
caribbean island groups greater lesser find caribbean sea islands map pages united states north cuba country south trinidad tobago unit learned kinds islands caribbean greater part underwater mountain range islands limestone plateaus mountains centers coral islands northern lesser formed coral grew underwater ridges islands lesser volcanic islands islands venezuela northern coast continuation andes caribbean tropical wet tropical wet dry climate strong trade winds create rainy areas sides facing wind windward sides islands leeward sides protected wind remain dry wind blows northeast windward sides islands leeward sides study diagram page san juan northeast puerto rico rain ponce southwestern part island violent tropical storms known hurricanes important part climate caribbean occur summer early fall natural vegetation remains caribbean flat areas cleared ago sugarcane production mountains cleared times subsistence farmers trying grow eat
examine physical map south america page atlas find andes note begin northwestern corner continent country columbia refer atlas map page find borders countries region majority live andes western half country temperatures average pleasant major cities eastern half colombia largely plains live intense heat eastern range andes located home wide plain magdalena valley separates range central western ranges andes valley country major transportation route find magdalena river map page river valley transportation route moving south ecuador find parallel ranges andes broad plateau ranges high volcanic region cut deep river valleys half ecuador population lives quito capital city northern part plateau west coastal plain east eastern plain eastern plain colombia live south ecuadorian border andes range wider higher elevations mountains eroded headwaters forty rivers
lowland region drained river basin amazon basin lowland region surrounding amazon river tributaries largest wettest plains covers million square miles million sq km area nearly large forty part united states scientists estimate enormous tropical rain forest covers plain growing interruption million contrast river basins north america formed ago ice age glaciers retreated forest round warmth rain produce dense growth plants trees thick broad leaves overlapping branches trees form canopy roof rain forest review part unit page amazon rain forest kind vegetation rain forest type climate rain forest average temperature january july annual rainfall rain forest live rain forest heat humidity dense forests lack farmland population small animals plants plentiful rain forest look drawing shows levels rain forest levels amazon basin densely populated part tropical lowlands
thing live kinds homes eat foods wear kinds clothing ways needs need air water need food clothing home need love things need clothing build homes grow food grow food clothing buy things need earn money money buy need things black makes boats mrs hale makes shirts things goods goods things touch goods sell goods kind job dr rich takes care sick pets lin teaches jobs services services things paid services needs food kind food milk milk comes cows cow buy milk store milk cow store machines milk cows trucks carry milk farm
building house takes lot jobs workers build frame frame holds house workers put floor put walls roof house needs lights heat water workers put wires pipes doors windows house ready angelos move things need food clothing home love things things fun nice called wants want things things cost money choose want mrs trent class planning trip money trip choose carl wants farm lisa wants visit tv station tracy wants firehouse mrs trent draws special picture shows children want called bar graph bar graph shows bar graph shows children want place look bar graph children want farm trip think class thomas jefferson american president jefferson spent thinking ways help
knows exactly north america scientists believe land thick sheet ice blanketed north large lakes covered parts plains southwest forests passed eventually land chapter describe north america lived end chapter able trace route settlers north america locate american indian groups lived read map latitude longitude tell land affected lives indians america settlers hunters siberia cold part northern asia scientists believe hunters big game animals land bridge alaska land bridge served gateway american continents million ago weather northern half earth changed greatly temperatures grew colder snow fell melt summer icy hard piled huge sheets ice called glaciers glaciers moved slowly land period called ice age north covered ice sea water froze form glaciers water level seas dropped map shows place happened ice age
differences american indian groups customs language religious beliefs thing common deep respect nature indians relied nature food clothing shelter nature important part american indian religions plants animals earth sun religious importance indians prayed spirits forces nature help needed song dance part religious ceremonies beaver raven whale salmon eagle important animals religion northwest indians animals thought bring luck bad important animals friendly northwest indians treasured salmon salmon swam upriver current lay eggs fish swam indians caught yearly return salmon important religious event northwest indians hoped songs dances spirits fish return tribes northwest importance wealth liked show wealth giving valuable objects large ceremony called potlatch means giving person gave wealth respected member tribe person tribe leader california intermountain indians lived small groups areas acorns berries plentiful
early number spanish soldiers adventurers hispaniola cuba island west indies islands planned explore parts adventurers called conquistadors conquerors conquistadors hernando cortes conquistadors hearing rumors gold found cortes led expedition find rumors true land west cuba called mexico mexico cortes met indian woman told rich powerful aztec indians indians lived central mexico huge city told cortes gold silver cortes led army conquer aztecs march difficult indians willing fight aztecs joined cortes finally cortes army land beautiful blue lakes island lakes tenochtitlan aztec capital city spaniards amazed aztec city city fine architecture sculpture aztec doctors cure diseases aztecs trained soldiers efficient government montezuma aztec leader treated cortes honored guest gave cortes gold silver offered cortes palace stay montezuma treated cortes thought cortes aztec god quetzalcoatl
mid uneasy times colonies colonists fought french american indians gain land argued british king rights freedom colonists urged neighbors join struggle freedom chapter read colonists battles protests end chapter able identify reasons french indian war explain british taxation colonists angry describe important events led american independence britain britain france powerful nations europe fought control trade control nations fought wars europe north america important battle america known french indian war britain france war countries wanted control fur trade control land america british leaders wanted win control fur trade french french settlers fur trappers french trappers making large sums money selling valuable furs european countries british colonists interested fur trade interested land british colonists settled farmland east
protest british taxes colonists began boycott refuse buy british goods british merchants grown rich selling colonies suddenly customers asked parliament repeal stamp act parliament agreed stamp act repealed parliament passed tax laws called townshend acts charles townshend official king acts taxed paper glass paint lead tea britain sold colonies colonists boycotted goods british merchants lost money parliament repealed townshend acts tax item tea addition parliament passed law called quartering act law colonists pay cost housing british soldiers america law buildings soldiers live colonists house quarter soldiers colonists pay food cider soldiers ate drank laws colonists upset colonists showed anger making fun british soldiers calling names night anger led violence snowy night march group angry bostonians began shout throw snowballs british soldiers leader soldiers told fight soldiers opened fire
americans battled british difficult war sides british fighting homeland supplies ocean americans lacked supplies military training fighting land knew fighting protect newly declared independence beginning war washington army british nearly caught americans trap island york washington troops managed escape pennsylvania winter approached spirits low colonial troops washington knew needed victory restore hope troops christmas night washington led troops icy delaware river heading british camp trenton jersey americans surprised force hessians german soldiers fighting british took prisoners george washington proven defeat trained army american helped victory saratoga york october british army marched south canada british forces supposed meet army albany armies large american army surrounded british force saratoga albany british army soldiers surrendered americans victory saratoga gave americans hope brought help overseas benjamin franklin trying french king help americans
early texas wide open area scattered settlements spanish government agreement moses austin banker missouri return grant land austin bring families settle texas austin died build settlement mexico won independence spain government offer austin son stephen exchange land austin promised settlers america mexican citizens obey mexican laws stephen austin arranged east texas americans settled areas texas americans texas newcomers outnumbered mexicans lived growing american population brought culture religions language newcomers want obey mexican laws mexican laws strict detailed hard change addition americans slave owners mexico allow slavery trouble texans mexican government trouble turned war texans city san antonio forced mexican soldiers town general santa anna leader mexico decided teach texans lesson army marched north mexico city texan leaders decided fight mexicans freedom wrote constitution formed government
utah settled mormons mormons religious group started york later moved ohio illinois place lived mormons treated hostility disliked mormon beliefs mormon leader brigham young decided mormons west americans young group mormons traveled oregon trail going south pass left trail headed southwest valley salt lake brigham young stopped looked quoted saying place mormon settlement building put huge stone temple worship cut huge blocks stone carried sleds pulled oxen place building temple took complete mormons built settlement salt lake city land city desert mormons built irrigation ditches bring fresh water land raised crops needed found place support practice religion freely famous mountain smith americans travel mountains california americans traveled ship land spanish missions ranches
early sections country growing changing ways section style north began moving cities working industries south ways producing cotton owning slaves part everyday west busy farming settling frontier goods hand late producing goods machine developed britain factories built house machines soon factories replaced small workshop goods hand machines factories produce goods quickly cheaply factory machines britain produce cloth textiles owners british textile factories rich wanted designs machines secret protect designs law passed saying knew machines leave britain illegal machines designs country stop young named samuel slater slater memorized needed machines disguise able leave britain united states slater set textile factory country rhode island factories built soon england place factories
family moved florida colorado big change florida warm cooler colorado florida saw atlantic ocean colorado huge mountains country big chapter read parts end chapter able land regions united states important waterways country explain climate read climate regions map suppose travel country surprise united states areas land regions regions climb hills mountains cross wide rivers regions land flat sand rocks times walk cool green forests natural differences affect live parts country affect land earn living country divided land regions look map page find coastal plain region extends northeast southeast coast united states plain low flat land area find plain map page atlantic ocean borders plain east body water south
today warm sunny cold rainy answer questions talking weather weather air place kind weather region climate words describe climate words temperature measure hot cold place places fairly high temperatures period warm climates places fairly low temperatures cold climates map page shows differences temperature parts country heat comes sun sun shines temperatures higher daytime night climate wetness dryness places receive deal wetness moisture rain snow hail fog forms moisture form moisture moisture makes air feel damp humid places receive lot moisture period wet climates places receive moisture period dry climates united states climates pictures page show climate winter parts country picture left facing page tell climate connecticut winters hot cold
visitor united states traveled country kind sight visitor country land sights natural things built end chapter able natural landmarks country road map measure distances human landmarks country explain preserve country landmarks look pictures page recognize huge statue island york harbor statue liberty statue liberty known think statue important part york country important thing place stands called landmark north stone mountain georgia known strange beautiful shapes big difference statue liberty north stone mountain north stone mountain formed nature natural landmark statue liberty built human landmark landmarks surprisingly beautiful unusual landmarks called wonders grand canyon greatest natural wonders located arizona vast canyon kilometers miles
large numbers live need laws lead lawmakers leaders government learned settlers northeast free practice religion wanted freedom governments wanted choose govern wanted elect act represent making laws person acts called representative government act called representative government colonies guarded part government worked government represent wanted suppose colonial family northeast today want walk quiet country lane farm find lane roaring superhighway farm look covered hundreds homes lived northeast number live place called place population population northeast england scotland ireland germany children grandchildren today million live northeast parents grandparents relatives nearly country
york city likes think biggest tallest busiest city country biggest yes nearly million american city largest population tallest answer yes york city tallest building united states tall buildings city busiest walked york city major streets noon think million crowd small part jobs york city proud bigness busyness proud important country york city major center museums performing arts actors dancers singers city perform york city production center newspapers books magazines television radio ago york city decided build place operas concerts dance programs plays area lincoln center performing arts built lincoln center place artists perform young hope artists study lincoln center includes school classroom group students taking dance class students practicing instruments
low plain extends inland sandy beaches tall trees grow rolling hills rivers wind green valleys mountain ranges stretch distances southeast chapter read land resources region end chapter able states southeast describe southeast land climate read line graph chief resources industries southeast twelve states southeast region country look map states body water forms southern border southeast body water forms eastern border region surrounded water sides body land completely surrounded water called peninsula peninsula find broad coastal plain map page land flat rich dark soil mild climate growing kinds crops parts plain covered shallow water area called swamp huge swamp georgia florida okefenokee swamp okefenokee land growing crops home wild animals bears otters alligators deer bobcats live swamp owned national government set refuge safe place animals
midwest lies center country region mighty rivers giant lakes connect rest country fertile soil mild climate help produce food feed country end chapter able states midwest describe region land climate compare contrast kinds maps important resources industries midwest midwest states look map names states look northeastern part midwest bodies water called lakes lakes northern united states part midwest names lakes shown fly midwest rocky mountains flat land low hills area part interior plains interior plains major parts central plains plains look map page find central plains mississippi ohio missouri rivers flow area crops grow fertile soil central plains rich soil heavy rainfall area places farming nearly central plains prairie flat land covered tall thick grass
fertile soil midwest produces food eaten region rich minerals coal iron ore minerals found waterways region easy carry goods midwest roads railways cross midwest carry goods midwest resources transportation region richest steelmaking midwest important industries steel mills line southern shore lake michigan boats arrive mills carrying load cargo iron mesabi range look map page route boats cargoes coal steelmaking process illinois ohio indiana leading coal producing states route coal reach steelmaking plants material needed steel limestone limestone rock ground put steel stronger steel manufactured products midwest michigan cars trucks buses midwest country leading producer manufactured goods farms midwest region country leading supplier food wheat grown shipped minneapolis minnesota flour bread cakes
settlers midwest americans east countries build homesteads earlier settlers french english scottish irish later germans found cities milwaukee st louis cincinnati sweden norway denmark settled wisconsin minnesota dakotas farmers loggers europe found kind eastern europe italy greece settled chicago cities southern part lake michigan growing industries offered plenty jobs black white americans left rural areas southeast north midwestern cities looking jobs recently spanish american cities young woman illinois patricia harris wanted lawyer studies decided teach law worked hard equal rights black black woman hold important job national government job harris able help cities needed housing jobs amelia earhart atchison kansas wanted learn fly plane days women pilots earhart worked hard pilot woman fly plane atlantic ocean
wondered parents live wondered born place reading american history thinking talking trace roots understanding parents grandparents help imagination learn living begin studying setting lesson chapter prelude movie camera views landscapes west east pacific atlantic continent lessons meet earliest americans christopher columbus mistakenly called indians think place live school land settled lived region indians walk home school young indian days lived felt thought history america began christopher columbus voyage land called america distant ancestors columbus mistakenly called indians
martin waldseemuller map began europe explorers maps gathered information mapmakers europe data mapmakers longer depended secondhand accounts lands seas longer guess unknown lands begin draw accurate maps improved maps european claims lands age exploration results spice trade countries wealthy da voyage india portuguese ships traded spices europeans able enjoy europeans learned foods items white potatoes instance brought south america soon important crop europe europeans introduced sweet potatoes found americas soon europeans indian habit smoking tobacco cacao plant europeans soon continent discovery south america began shipping cacao beans europe hot chocolate favorite drink europe learned enjoy excellent drink chinese call nations call tay tee coffee drinkers tea coffee east fish swarmed waters north america europeans cast nets returned home hauls cod haddock fish
early dutch colonies grew prospered problems dutch spanish europe spanish low countries included netherlands belgium revolted spanish control catholic leaders belgium peace spain protestant netherlands fighting spain finally recognized dutch independence declaring independence spain dutch merchants began sail directly east indies pacific west indies caribbean dutch traders raided spanish treasure ships dutch grew strong result struggle spain successfully challenged spanish power home seas group dutch traders interest east indies started dutch east india company hired english explorer henry hudson seek passage china northeast northwest crew eighteen twenty partly english partly dutch provided hudson voyages dutch trips proved northwest passage china north america voyage ship entered september fine river found wide deep anchoring ground sides river located york today called hudson river dutch explored settled surrounding land river crew found friendly polite abundance provisions skins furs traded amicably
england middle southern colonies grew distinct ways number wars fought european countries tried spread power influence wars involved colonies america war england netherlands english seized dutch colony netherland later france tried expand king louis xiv european countries joined stop france moves louis xiv ruled france tried push border eastward rhine river england netherlands sweden austria german provinces banded league augsburg counter louis xiv resulting conflict europe began known war league augsburg american colonists called king william war king england war reached north america involved western fur trade fishing grounds nova scotia part france french claimed interior lands built trading posts english traders working albany york wanted share profitable fur trade western lakes english traders albany brisk business lake superior king william war began french canada prepared punish english colonials western lands early february band french huron algonquin allies moved south schenectady small settlement miles albany
joseph hawthorne line hawthornes america born massachusetts bay colony salem joseph witnessed historical event burying governor william bradford church graveyard bradford survivor original band puritans america group arrived bradford lived ninety death children generation puritans growing massachusetts bay joseph hawthorne grandfather william original settler william married ann smith son john joseph father born john thirty married ruth gardner mother quaker joseph father prominent resident salem served judge constable deacon puritan church judge court colony paid substantial sum known joseph early elementary school salem reverend john emerson learned read england primer joseph brothers named john nathaniel ebenezer benjamin sister ruth survived infancy ebenezer hawthorne sailor benjamin joseph sea eventually brothers master mariner ship captain
baroness believed duty wife leave follow husband baroness young children colonies husband german general commanded thousand german soldiers fought american revolution british general burgoyne war baroness wrote letters events according general burgoyne spent half night singing drinking amusing wife commissary wartime letters mother close friends germany today important primary sources give accurate look revolution letters dated october week british surrendered saratoga battle ended frantic efforts avoid captured letter happened battle seated carriage children scarcely driven house saw opposite side hudson river guns aimed involuntarily threw children bottom instant enemy fired shattered arm poor english soldier wounded finally obligated refuge cellar horrible stench cries children prevented closing eyes
jefferson seen plenty war lifetime governor virginia revolution british troops invaded served vice president french american ships fought undeclared naval war jefferson term president united states involved naval combat jefferson wanted put end attacks american ships pirates sailed barbary coast shores north african countries morocco algeria tunis tripoli european countries paid bribes north african countries bribes prevented attacks let european ships sail safely jefferson refused pay bribes ships north african coast defend united states interests naval warfare north african countries signed peace treaty stop attacks american ships jefferson office president war barbary pirates minor costly conflict united states peace jefferson term term jefferson faced possibility war france britain scarcely ink dry louisiana purchase treaty britain france resumed fighting napoleon armies swept europe controlled nearly entire continent britain russia remained conquered british major sea power defeat spanish armada page
obtained vote national government changed representative fact persons ran president election john quincy adams son president andrew jackson tennessee henry clay kentucky william crawford georgia john quincy adams member proud england family education spent government andrew jackson hand born poor spent childhood log cabin border north south carolina parents ireland short earlier jackson war record popular nicknamed hickory toughness lawyer tennessee jackson helped write constitution represented tennessee congress campaign bitter jackson won greatest number popular votes led electoral votes ninety majority adams eighty electoral votes candidates split remainder according constitution house representatives choose president february house selected john quincy adams shortly afterward adams speaker house henry clay secretary jackson followers cried foul clay influence house adams chosen adams named clay cabinet post reward
benefited mountain knowledge west mormons members church jesus christ saints mormons began travel west indian country joseph smith founded mormon church religious visions smith gained converts established closely knit society kirkland ohio economic troubles depression persecution non mormons caused smith move farther west smith mormons established community called nauvoo mississippi river illinois nauvoo rapidly grew town mormons prospered smith proclaimed mormon leaders entitled wife caused difficulty mormons non mormons alike smith brother hiram jail june mob stormed jail dragged murdered mormons moved mormon leadership fell brigham young young maintained mormons hope peace lay united states mexican territory gifted organizer planned mormon trek thousand miles country mormons moved groups stages advance parties planted crops coming harvest built shelters stay happy content mormon wrote songs zion resound wagon wagon echoing woods fall twelve thousand mormons winter camp missouri river
looked shelter gandalf cloak wondered awake sleeping swift moving dream wrapped ride began dark rushing wind sang loudly ears wheeling stars vast shadows sky mountains south marched past sleepily tried reckon times stages journey memory drowsy uncertain ride terrible speed halt dawn seen pale gleam gold silent town empty house hill reached shelter winged shadow passed wilted fear gandalf spoken soft words slept corner tired uneasy dimly aware goings talking gandalf giving orders riding riding night night looked stone hideous memory woke fully shivered noise wind filled menacing voices light kindled sky blaze yellow fire dark barriers cowered afraid moment wondering dreadful country gandalf bearing
found housed tended sixth circle walls citadel fair stables swift horses hard lodgings errand riders lord messengers ready urgent command chief captains horses riders whinnied entered stable turned head morning gandalf soon busy sends greetings resting hope labours tossed head stamped allowed handle head gently stroke flanks looks spoiling race newly journey strong proud harness rich fair rich fair consent bear bear bit bridle whip tame farewell patience battle coming lifted head neighed stable shook covered ears took leave seeing manger filled manger led citadel door north side tower
sat silent table hall waited speak speak comforted shake shadow happened grim place grey morning struggle part battle answered looked stone friends looked stone exclaimed fear astonishment face say aught gandalf feared encounter forgot speak sternly eyes glinted openly proclaim title fear say nay softer voice grimness left face looked laboured sleepless pain nights nay friends lawful master stone strength judged doubted strength barely drew deep breath bitter struggle weariness slow pass spoke word end wrenched stone find hard endure beheld yes master saw guise
messengers chamber white tower let enter urgent turned head slowly face looked silently circle city burning lord commands lord steward follow flying walls leaving unmanned fools fly burn sooner late burn bonfire pyre pyre tomb tomb slow sleep death embalmed burn heathen kings ship sailed west west failed burn messengers bow answer turned fled stood released fevered hand held burning burning sadly house spirit crumbles stepping softly looked farewell farewell son paladin service short drawing end release remains die friend folly brought death send servants farewell say farewell lord kneeling
winged creature screamed answer silent sudden doubt amazement moment conquered merry fear opened eyes blackness lifted paces sat beast dark loomed lord shadow despair left facing stood called helm secrecy fallen bright hair released bonds gleamed pale gold shoulders eyes grey sea hard fell tears cheek sword hand raised shield horror enemy eyes merry mind flashed memory face saw riding face goes seeking death hope pity filled heart wonder suddenly slow kindled courage race awoke clenched hand die fair desperate die unaided face enemy turned dared move deadly eyes fall slowly slowly began crawl black captain doubt malice intent woman heeded worm mud
mist merry eyes tears weariness drew ruined gate minas gave heed wreck slaughter lay fire smoke stench air engines burned cast fire pits slain lay monsters half burned broken stone cast shot eyes valiant archers flying rain ceased sun gleamed lower city wrapped smouldering reek clear jetsam battle gate bearing litters gently laid soft pillows king body covered cloth gold bore torches flames pale sunlight fluttered wind city saw bared heads bowed passed ash fume burned circle streets stone merry ascent meaningless journey hateful dream going dim ending memory seize slowly lights torches front flickered walking darkness thought tunnel leading tomb stay forever
sam listen took pace eastward door looked saw fighting fiercest court choked dead severed scattered heads limbs place death snarl blow cry darting hiding voice rose anger knew harsh brutal cold speaking captain tower won say curse maggot think damaged safe flout re mistaken squeeze eyes lads deal send won re dead anyway answered surlily told swine gate ran shot saw window tell stay anyway hurt black pits filthy rebel voice trailed string foul names curses gave knifed dung throttled eat news black pits
sam quick spirits sank looked master anxiously took hand thing wanted bit light help guess dangerous try bit lie close rest morsel eat bit elves food sharing wafer munching parched mouths sam plodded light grey dusk deep valley mountains sloped gently northward bottom bed dry withered stream stony course saw beaten path wound feet westward cliffs known reached quicker track left main road western bridge end stair cut rock valley bottom patrols messengers going swiftly lesser posts strongholds north narrows iron jaws perilous hobbits path needed speed felt face toil scrambling boulders trackless
started crawling hollow hollow flitting cover find moving slant foothills northern range easterly roads ran hugging skirts mountains wall black shadow ahead moved flat grey stretches dark lord completed movement forces realm sought secrecy night fearing winds turned tearing veils troubled tidings bold spies passed fences hobbits weary miles halted nearly spent sam saw fashion crawling stooping picking doubtful slowly hurrying stumbling run going road light lasts trust luck nearly failed didn steady pace miles rest taking greater risk knew occupied burden struggle mind debate hopeless care climbed causeway trudged hard cruel road led dark tower
yellowstone united states part united states country parts called states states united states find yellowstone look map united states top page yellowstone wyoming wyoming help told western part united states help told surrounded states idaho utah colorado nebraska south dakota montana find states map wyoming able find yellowstone national park wyoming big find yellowstone told northwest corner directions help find places maps globes directions shown small drawing map drawing called compass rose direction finder shows north south east west map shows directions shows find northwest nw northeast ne southwest sw southeast se map page find yellowstone national park northwest corner wyoming
suppose teacher task writing family find family write begin write say family tell bad things decide write begin writing important things happened family born events passed stories told parents grandparents tell important family tell grandmother annie held abraham lincoln horse tell grandfather carlos member family live united states maybe tell uncle tony car town tell important events parents teenagers hear president john kennedy speech maybe write fireworks older brother sister saw country celebrated hundredth birthday write course give date birth share important points tell prize won swimming write stay hospital broken leg
digging believe lived archaeologists discovered number things early america found spearpoints bones animals finds tell americans hunted big animals bones knew animals looked giant buffalo large elephant beasts huge cats tigers animals died ago spearpoints archaeologists found sharp arrowheads stone found tools bone stone discovered americans fire cook meat found early hunters tame dogs archaeologists think dogs carry loads help hunt beginning ago native americans built huge piles earth called mounds groups mound builders built piles middle eastern parts united states mounds shapes round square wide bases smaller flat tops shape animals turtles snakes piles earth burial places leaders archaeologists learned deal digging mounds sharp stone axes found inside mounds told native americans cut trees things wood stone arrowheads knives proved killed animals food
early morning april captain john parker getting tired waiting group minutemen farmers citizens ready fight minute warning midnight paul revere galloped lexington warning british soldiers boston british wanted capture colonial leaders john hancock samuel adams lexington wanted military supplies stored concord nearly dawn parker paced floor tavern waiting home british suddenly rider broke morning silence british coming nearly sprang action shouting beating drums citizens lexington captain parker grassy area center town called green british marched found facing group proud colonists refused home told parker don fire fired mean war let begin shot fired british soldier knows shots colonists killed ten wounded british soldier wounded war independence begun british concord destroyed military supplies fought group minutemen concord bridge
thomas jefferson sense words wise abigail adams felt rule unite mighty empire officers light horse harry lee war peace hearts countrymen phillis wheatley poet wrote statements george washington loved respected washington trusted admired choice honor president united states washington want president wanted live beautiful home mount vernon put love country ahead wishes april inauguration young nation president inauguration ceremony puts office washington traveled mount vernon york city coach horseback york city nation capital city town cheer wish parades fireworks dinners balls huge crowd inauguration watched washington place left hand open bible raise hand oath office oath promise oath president takes written constitution
glass china smashed noses fainted riot british raid washington months earlier andrew jackson elected president weeks thousands coming washington inauguration jackson hero victory seen victory common jackson sworn office crowd white house jammed food drink wanted closer hero muddy boots ruined expensive carpets chairs pushed shoved andrew jackson jackson welcomed crushing force crowd soon caused leave door spent night president hotel truly president understand deep love andrew jackson understand jackson andrew jackson fighter age fighting revolutionary war carolinas brother captured british prison camp ordered clean british officer boots andy refused angry officer slashed andy sword andy brother badly cut boys wounds untreated caught smallpox andy brother died andy sick months carried scars jackson lived fierce temper stubborn nature jackson moved tennessee young
revolution took place industry farming industrial revolution factory machines driven waterpower eventually steam power replaced handwork simple machines home crafts read chapter revolution began textile mills started england samuel slater industries grew civil war speeded growth industry pushed united states greatest industrial nation united states changed moved farms cities hand labor factory machines increase output goods united states blessed large supply natural resources needed industrial power coal iron ore americans capital saved wealth invest developing power machines factories labor force hand industry inventions greatly changed ways things bold daring ruthless business leaders put resources capital labor inventions build united states industrial giant result nation grew ways imagined earlier giant industries appeared huge businesses nearly power fortunes owners reason growth companies desire competition competition companies industry competition waste makes sense telephone companies hundreds thousands scattered country
united states busy home western parts country settled population growing industry developing growth brought problems national affairs important foreign affairs relationships foreign countries foreign policy united states early history country wars countries war britain mexican war read wars chapters foreign policy stay european affairs wanted discourage countries europe interfering affairs western hemisphere end civil war united states began look seriously territory borders alaska purchased russia flag united states raised midway islands pacific controlled samoan islands find places map page americans interested expanding pacific area important reason trade merchants united states especially england trading china early whaling ships active pacific ships needed places stop fresh water food steam replaced sail ships needed places coal
president roosevelt worked hard improve standing united states international affairs worked hard country place live roosevelt greatly influenced group writers called muckrakers wrote wrongdoing business politics roosevelt hated injustice poor working conditions mistreatment americans angry joined women wanted things roosevelt moved control business closely worst wrongdoings occur major triumph passage pure food drug act law called government control contents food items ended practices leaving shredded bones cans meat drugs sold doctor prescription reforms small important beginnings roosevelt naturalist developed program conservation conservation saving important natural resources united states forest service started millions acres forestland set national land west national parks game preserves wild bird refuges established chapter read yellowstone national park kinds government activities rare roosevelt presidents roosevelt william howard taft woodrow wilson continued reforms began reforms continued today things granted today unknown ago things change nation
sped hill bent ground hobbits light footprints easy ranger read top spring crossed path wet earth saw seeking read signs aright ran hill top wonder saw returned hill hesitated desired high seat hoping guide pressing suddenly leaped forward ran summit flag stones steps sitting high seat looked sun darkened dim remote turned north north saw save distant hills bird eagle high air descending slowly wide circles earth gazed quick ears caught sounds woodlands west side river stiffened cries horror distinguish harsh voices suddenly deep call horn blew blasts smote hills echoed hollows rising mighty shout roaring falls
dusk deepened mist lay trees brooded pale margins sky clear stars waxing moon riding west shadows rocks black feet stony hills pace slower trail longer easy follow highlands ran north south tumbled ridges western side ridge steep difficult eastward slopes gentler furrowed gullies narrow ravines night companions scrambled bony land climbing crest tallest ridge darkness deep winding valley side cool hour dawn rested space moon stars glittered light dark hills moment loss trail descended valley vanished turn think northward straighter road aim guess southward strike river mark aim amiss power greatly increased shortest find fields
rode forward overcast low grey clouds wold mist shrouded sun nearer tree clad slopes loomed slowly sun west saw sign trail left passed single fallen tracks ran grey feathered arrows sticking throat afternoon waning eaves forest open glade trees found place burning ashes hot smoking pile helms mail cloven shields broken swords bows darts gear war stake middle set goblin head shattered helm white badge seen river streaming edge wood mound newly raised raw earth covered freshcut planted fifteen spears companions searched wide field battle light faded evening soon drew dim misty nightfall discovered trace merry sadly set riddles tol hardest unravel guess burned bones hobbits mingled
soon company assembled standing wide circle round curious unintelligible conversation began began murmur slowly joined chanting rising falling rhythm louder side ring dying rising boom side catch understand words supposed language found sound pleasant listen gradually attention wavered chant showed signs slackening found wondering language morning call roll days sing names wonder yes thought yawned immediately aware hm ha hey stopped chant hasty folk forgetting anyway listening speech understand told names seen agreed line put lists quick
quick sprang feet leaped top large rock stood grown suddenly tall towering hood grey rags flung white garments shone lifted staff axe leaped grasp fell ringing ground sword stiff motionless hand blazed sudden fire gave shout shot arrow high air vanished flash flame cried met say gazed hair white snow sunshine gleaming white robe eyes deep brows bright piercing rays sun power hand wonder joy fear stood found words say stirred gandalf hope return need veil sight gandalf sank knees shading eyes gandalf repeated recalling memory disused word yes gandalf stepped rock picking grey cloak wrapped sun shining hid cloud yes call gandalf voice voice friend guide
rode sunset slow dusk gathering night halted dismounted stiff weary gandalf allowed hours rest slept lay flat stretched gandalf stood leaning staff gazing darkness east west silent sign sound living thing night barred clouds fleeting chill wind arose cold moon swift light hours passed rode nodded fallen seat gandalf clutched shaken weary proud tireless leader grey shadow seen miles waxing moon sank cloudy west bitter chill air slowly east dark faded cold grey red shafts light leapt black walls left dawn clear bright wind swept path rushing bent grasses suddenly stood neighed gandalf pointed ahead look cried lifted tired eyes stood mountains south white tipped streaked black grass lands rolled hills clustered feet flowed valleys dim dark untouched light dawn winding heart mountains
king returned slept sleep quiet known remainder chosen company rested hurt wounded began labour fallen battle lay dead field deep remained alive bodies uncounted hillmen afraid cried mercy mark took weapons set help repair evil joined oath pass fords arms march enemies free land deluded death reward trust conquered wages amazed told cruel burned captives alive midst field mounds raised beneath laid riders mark fell defence east dales side grave shadow lay hama captain king guard
gandalf king company rode turning eastward circuit ruined walls remained leaving stray search grass sat hobbits hunt meet thought discuss high matters hunters learn answers small riddles tracked forest things truth deal want merry learnt things ent nearly hunters give account meal sore head past mid truants amends finding plunder spoke food drink pay score comfort left guardhouse arch picnic eye road eye
water sinking outlets caves underneath think peeps windows look untidy dreary mess felt lonely visible ent talk ruin news spent night top arch cold damp sleep feeling happen minute tower noise night wind coming valley think don misty morning climbed looked tell peaceful turmoil safer gandalf sleep fell silent re filled pipe thing wonder lit flint tinder told yes forgot till morning lit fire breakfast appeared heard calling names
mother arranged stevedore trunk jetty ahead ten clock dot dressed set jetty hour board launch sea board ship starting sake giving thought lined walking mother father loomed father top head strange sight grown girl dressed middle morning middle week walking step middle parents didn stared half hour walk house jetty passing passed house miss seamstress apprenticed lived passing wave bad feeling suddenly remembered months spent sweep floor full threads pins needles sweep clean send store buy buttons thread allowed sample button thread find fault exact match samples
walt born thousand miles yukon trading post ramparts mother died father river step step camp camp till settled creek klondike country spent toil endured hardships creek turn beginning show richness reward heavy labor news discoveries strange began short days nights unjust things worked creek si hartman moose hunt return find stakes driven claim jumped george brother lost claims manner delayed dawson record short story number earnest industrious prospectors suffered similar losses walt master father recorded claim start walt fear father short trip white river prospecting quartz walt able stay cabin cook meals look things look father claim agreed eye adjoining hall started dawson record hall dogs travel slowly
kid sister cheryl bragged sioux grandpa joe iron shell friends lived city knew indians movies tv impressed stories maybe exaggerated grandpa reservation sound glamorous return home iowa yearly summer visit grandpa exciting tale tell authentic sioux article show listeners cheryl moccasins grandpa visit gave small round flat rawhide drum decorated painting warrior riding horse taught real sioux chant sing beat drum leather covered stick feather end impression showed friends grandpa picture ashamed knew glamorous tales told didn real thing friends laughed picture grandpa wasn tall stately tv indians hair wasn braids hung stringy gray strands neck grandfather didn live tepee part log part tar paper shack rosebud reservation south dakota grandpa visit ashamed embarrassed died lot yippy poodles fancy dogs neighborhood bark singly mailman form safety yards sounded pack barking place
sure tell want brother pet fox important tell beginning goes winter afternoon hunted woods sign lost pet remember mother looked kitchen speaking knew happened hours walked reading signs looking delicate print soil hair told red fox passing found foothills mom asked nodded face stiff held tears brother colin going twelve look heartbroken silent crying weeks bandit pet fox colin raised tiny kid disappeared rumor heard soon anyway mom comforted big fellow live fox set lot store boys spite wild ways set lot store food anyway father sat chair kitchen window mending piece harness seeing lot fellow fear fox learned pine table scraps young chickens getting egg thief likely forget colin desperately
approaching jungle night threat deepened eerie silence enveloped thatched village silent tethered cattle stood quietly roosting chickens stir wise goats noise countless centuries continue brown skinned inhabitants knew jungle trodden dim paths forded sulky rivers borne streaming heat intimately acquainted deer crocodiles screaming green parrots countless creatures daytime jungle feel hear night darkness jungle alive strange horrible things seen describe shadows substance unaware struck killed morning changed shape familiar things unknown night fear pepe garcia reflected owned rifle night closed pepe reached fondle rifle sure close king rifle cost dearly eleven village pepe help chop road machetes indispensable knife jungle dwellers worked hard unlike rest pepe saved peso didn spend living expenses savings bought muzzle loading rifle supply powder lead mold fashion bullets rifle
wartime lots coming north jobs factories war industries moved lot kids thrown groups lives completely known remember kid south family moved building north owned piled seat model sedan wouldn expect trip sisters riding shakily top load junk building families crowded rooms guess twenty thirty kids age building course formed gang ran school brought started thing building door factory walking dolls low building flat tarred roof parapet head high found watchman paid attention roof higher buildings gang roof headquarters crossing fire escape roof plank going secret place permission remember took meet gang stocky robust kid shock white hair sissy voice talked slow gentle voice heard
autumn leaves lincoln high school turning rusty color bare brick walls band rehearsal room george head music department director band ringed folding chairs instrument cases chair sat young nervously prepared blow case percussion section hit instant lowered white baton forty believed belly sign health strength dignity smiled release exquisite sounds heard baton big echoed french horns plodding shrieking querulous waltz begun expression change brasses lost places woodwinds nerve failed mistakes heard percussion section shifted rhythm pattern belonging march knew liked ta ta ta ta ta ta sang loud tenor singing cornet part florid perspiring gave slouched chair instrument lap saxophones let hear called band band performance couldn polished session school youngsters starting ahead acquire artistry move band met hour finally gain positions pride city lincoln high school ten square band
house stood listening lights glowed cheerful room books neat orderly cases radio talked importantly front bay stretched dark silent countless lagoons border coast florida thrusts green thumb deep tropics late september night breathless summer dead hand lay heavy land moved forward paces stood sea wall dropped cigarette noted tiny spark hissed tide beginning ebb blackness jumped fell sullen splash heavy roe jumping hook practiced eye swirls glassy water dark moon skilled cast net half dozen hour big makes meal family turned abruptly garage cast net hung late twenties wide shouldered strong fish living food worked head hands liked casting night liked loneliness labor liked clean taste salt gripped edge net teeth cast liked arching flight sixteen pounds lead linen starlight weltering crash net unsuspecting water
clay left tent sled load firewood expected half hour told cooking dinner belonged outfits located twenty miles stuart river traveling partners trip yukon dawson mail laughed clay half hour stood reason dry firewood found close dawson firewood originally gathered firewood selling forty dollars cord sled load clay expected clay turn laugh sprang sled dogs river trail coming village previous noticed small dead pine place defied discovery eyes sharp eyes young sharp seventeenth birthday cleared swift ten minutes ice brought place figuring ten minutes tree ten minutes return dinner wait dawson rising yukon towered moosehide mountain named lieutenant ere klondike famous river side mountain scarred gored gullies clay seen tree
planned try place santa fe train standing steam ready run nation couldn wasn room flea hanging swarming engine sitting top cars keyed speed horse turned didn twenty miles ninety minutes decided indian pony knew endurance anyway speed counted end stood thousands night morning began line border let militia burned prairie ahead miles nation grass clearer smoke sneaked hiding scrub oaks draws killing due crawled staked land stood ready shoot fair square run knew piece wanted freighter trail marked deep ruts led straight found trail overgrown creek ran land prairie rolled blackjacks miles section water suppose elms persimmons cottonwoods grove pecans noticed riding range
big country re likely find tell paul bunyan things digging lakes babe watering troughs wouldn run dry digging canal turned mississippi river hear dirt threw rocky mountains dirt threw left appalachians hear kansas full mountains paul bunyan turned upside flat pancake mountain peaks inside ground pointing center earth hear paul sad saw going york city fell crying tears started hudson river western deserts southern swamps eastern shores northern forests paul things chance find stories neck woods fix let stick northern forests sure paul paul blue ox logged michigan minnesota dakotas north south pushing westward redwoods waited maybe lumber camps paul bunyan started owls woods thought night chore boy blow horn tumble bunks chow flapjacks breakfast
coyotes texas pecos bill born plenty howling night sitting sagebrush thin gray shadows pointing noses moon cowboys pecos river country claim oldest coyotes remember bill lived howling lonesome coyotes boy grow family bill dozen older brothers sisters playmates ordinary boys girls match bill weeks father found half grown bear brought bear home treat bear nice bill father bear didn feel friendly threatened bite bill bill wrestled bear tossed bear put paws head begged mercy bill couldn talk patted bear show didn hard feelings bear bill big flat footed puppy pecos bill father settlers west lots room texas sky couldn sky left rest united states lonesome country especially nights wind galloping land rattling bear grass yucca plants carrying tangy smell greasewood bill didn feel lonely raccoons badgers jack rabbits friends
opening scene suggests play meaning charity bishop shown benevolent humane nature established opening lines play warm treatment servant concern wretched poor homeless agree sister servant human beings help believes brutal behavior result grave misfortunes home church open appearance convict jean valjean foreshadowed madam mention stranger looking lodging town judge description truly frightening tough looking terrible face refers beast ugly brute prepared women surprise fear jean valjean appears doorway speaks bluntly getting point immediately traveling days yellow passport present order prove identity give lodging prison record nineteen hard labor bishop offers place table convict thinks misunderstood emphasizes labeled dangerous stunned bishop addresses respectfully monsieur eats greedily bishop sister question background learn longer family friends virtually claims imprisoned nineteen stealing food tells excessive punishment prison implies exploited
customary begin study short stories element plot plot organized pattern events story plot simple straightforward dangerous game plot complicated action follow occasionally plot structured lead ingenious surprise end famous surprise ending gift magi stories plot important element readers reading find happen stories characters primary importance generally story focuses main character jess enoch samantha goose fully depicted pacing goose eliza center action element point view point view camera movie lens reader view action cask told person point view central character story stories told person point view action seen objective observer merely records happens stories told omniscient knowing narrator tells happens characters think feel story point view story setting place action settings strange exotic ship trap island dangerous game settings familiar ordinary neighborhood summer reading finally short stories excite amuse express theme idea
large island whitney mystery island rainsford asked charts call ship trap island whitney replied suggestive sailors curious dread place don superstition remarked rainsford trying peer dark tropical night palpable pressed thick warm blackness yacht eyes whitney laugh seen pick moose moving brown fall bush hundred yards miles moonless caribbean night yards admitted rainsford ugh moist black velvet light rio promised whitney days hope jaguar guns hunting amazon sport hunting sport agreed rainsford hunter amended whitney jaguar don talk rot whitney re big game hunter philosopher cares jaguar feels jaguar observed whitney bah understanding think understand thing fear fear pain fear death nonsense laughed rainsford hot weather making soft whitney realist classes hunters luckily hunters think passed island tell dark hope asked rainsford place reputation bad cannibals suggested rainsford cannibals wouldn live godforsaken place
young twenty sat horse careless grace youth catlike tense black eyes roved catching movements twigs branches small birds hopped questing onward changing vistas trees brush returning clumps undergrowth side watched listen rode silence save boom heavy guns west sounding monotonously ears hours cessation aroused notice business closer hand saddlebow balanced carbine tensely strung bunch quail exploding flight horse nose startled extent automatically instantly reined fetched carbine halfway shoulder grinned sheepishly recovered rode tense bent sweat stung eyes unheeded rolled nose spattered saddle pommel band cavalryman hat fresh stained sweat horse likewise wet high noon breathless heat birds squirrels dare sun sheltered shady hiding places trees horse littered leaves dusted yellow pollen open ventured compulsory brush trees invariably halted peered crossing dry glade naked stretch upland pasturage
pupils knight school gawaine le coeur hardy promising tall sturdy instructors soon discovered lacked spirit hide woods jousting class called companions members faculty sought appeal nature shouting break neck told lances padded horses ponies field unusually soft late autumn gawaine refused grow enthusiastic headmaster assistant professor pleasaunce discussing case spring afternoon assistant professor remedy expulsion headmaster looked purple hills ringed school think train slay dragons killed objected assistant professor replied headmaster brightly added soberly consider greater responsible formation lad character dragons bad interrupted assistant professor characteristic restive head school began talk ethics ideals institution known worse replied headmaster hills south week killed number peasants cows prize pig dry spell holds telling start forest fire simply breathing indiscriminately refund tuition fee case accident young coeur hardy principal answered judicially covered contract matter fact won killed send hills going give magic word
college father gave part tuition fifty pounds moose meat eating moose meat university california contradiction terms hippies didn hunt lived rambling victorian house boasted sweeping circular staircases built lofts landlady dreamed opening health food restaurant told moose meat nondescript white butcher paper side beef father bought carnivores house helped finish suppers sweet sour moose meatballs garnished obligatory avocado sprouts dinner guests remarked lean sweetness meat recoiled told simple truth grew game moose eating brought shot magnificent heart father hunted mine earliest memories crawling vast continent crinkled linoleum forest service cabin kitchen splintered steps wildflowers growing wheat high eye level grasshoppers scolded solo trip shed cool comfortingly square shelter held phantasmagoric metal parts smelled dirt grease played shed maternal shriek lift haunches listen urgent possessive sounds rearing head bumped hanging dark gleaming white felt sleek cold cheek smell dense musty unlike slabs grandmother arms cool evening sponge baths
months writes asks give dog correspondents past wanted mind spaniels spaniel owners notion person sue invasion privacy defamation character applied written permission gentleman insisted conduct correspondence matter notary public letting communications sort fall roll top desk recently occurred act evasion plain cowardice decided straight simple truth hard think dog idea expert business outcome piece wrote ago revealing fact owned forty dogs true deceptive dogs disposed puppies trouble giving residents house names shut cut let names dogs end place list things amaze fascinate canine designed impinge ears dogs amuse neighbors tradespeople casual visitors remember dogs past faint lingering pleasure farm hound named rain roving airedale named marco polo female bull terrier known liked jump moving motor cars story windows called
drama poetry literary genre developed short story oldest dramas survived western literature greek playwrights aeschylus sophocles euripides composed performed twenty hundred ago believe early plays surpassed major forms drama tragedy comedy word tragedy comes greek word meaning goat song knows association goat means generally agreed drama connection religious rituals goat sacrificed gods actors wore goatskins word comedy comes greek roughly translated means singer revels indicating joyous festival kind major type drama subtypes traditions distinguish kinds tragedy greek classical tragedy shakespearean tragedy domestic tragedy heroic tragedy romeo juliet page shakespearean tragedy comedy likewise subdivided categories romantic comedy comedy humors comedy manners marriage proposal anton chekhov page type comedy known farce depends improbable situations exaggerated characters earlier times plays written exclusively performance theater theater outdoors indoors plays developed media visit small planet gore page thunder sycamore street rose page written television reading plays find special sets directions governing position television cameras
wilder play dramatized biography insight arts supported eighteenth century europe artists mozart stature mercy wealthy patrons court afford luxury pride wilder quickly establishes situation mozart household mozart despite reputation musical genius mozart wife living shabbily desperate financial straits references influence suggest mozart adept court intrigue anxiety civil visitor rebellious temperament habit courteous tactful visitor steward wealthy household appears masked order conceal identity despite elegant costume sinister appearance elegant undertaker manners excessive compliments offend mozart interrupts impatiently scoffs inflated praise master discrepancy courtly refined language steward base proposal offers mozart patron wishes commission requiem mass proviso remain anonymous clearly intends pass mozart lays pride accepts commission signs claim ironic satisfaction knowing music composes sufficient signature steward leaves mozart struggles pride humiliation bitterly complains sell requiem planning honor memory vain shameless woman
reasons reading imaginative literature tests judging pleasure insight important test story poem play bring enjoyment want ask enjoyment story bring enjoyment person read excellent stories bring enjoyment unskilled readers haven experienced lacking imagination sympathy compassion re human judge literature literature judges say story poem enjoyable story poem says enjoy perfect try test worth imaginative literature yield insight reading live fellow human beings paradox imaginative literature deals imaginary events imaginary communicate real truth facts essential truths living delivered senses emotions imaginations minds reading literature source enjoyment means enlarging experience extending sympathies deepening understanding means end education read imaginative literature enjoyment read fully human
night cold wet small parlor villa blinds drawn fire burned brightly father son chess possessed ideas game involving radical putting king sharp unnecessary perils provoked comment white haired lady knitting placidly fire hark wind white seen fatal mistake late amiably desirous preventing son seeing listening grimly surveying board stretched hand check think tonight father hand poised board mate replied son worst living bawled white sudden violence beastly slushy places live worst pathway bog road torrent don thinking suppose houses road let think matter mind dear wife soothingly win white looked sharply intercept knowing glance mother son words died lips hid guilty grin thin gray beard herbert white gate banged loudly heavy footsteps door rose hospitable haste opening door heard condoling arrival arrival condoled mrs white tut tut coughed gently husband entered room tall burly beady eye rubicund visage
hot afternoon railway carriage correspondingly sultry stop templecombe nearly hour ahead occupants carriage small girl smaller girl small boy aunt belonging children occupied corner seat corner seat opposite side occupied bachelor stranger party small girls small boy emphatically occupied compartment aunt children conversational limited persistent reminding attentions housefly refused discouraged aunt remarks begin don nearly children remarks began bachelor loud don cyril don exclaimed aunt small boy began smacking cushions seat producing cloud dust blow look window added child moved reluctantly window sheep driven field asked expect driven field grass aunt weakly lots grass field protested boy grass aunt lots grass field grass field suggested aunt fatuously swift inevitable question look cows exclaimed aunt nearly field line contained cows spoke drawing attention rarity grass field persisted cyril frown bachelor face deepening scowl
hat told story big black drooping stetson proper angle proper rakish angle young navajo song keeping humming faint horse riding slender high stepping buckskin race wind light knee urging singing warm winter touch sun belied snow high distant mountains wind warmed sun touched high boned cheeks flicker feathers rode deeper canyon red rock walls rose straight upward stream bed narrow piece blue sky hung sky widened canyon walls pushed wide place ancient times angry stream tried ways home wide place canyon levels jagged rock levels rich red earth home chee rider buckskin generations stopped horse stream sat looking narrow ribbon water bare branched peach trees seeing springtime age gnarled limbs beneath veils blossom pink seeing autumn laden yellow fruit small sweet eyes searched indistinct furrows fields stream corn beans squash drank thirstily overflow summer rains chee trying outweigh today bitter betrayal hope gathering reminders integrity land
train emerged quivering tunnel sandy rocks began cross symmetrical interminable banana plantations air humid couldn feel sea breeze stifling blast smoke car window narrow road parallel railway loaded green bunches bananas road uncultivated spaces set odd intervals offices electric fans red brick buildings residences chairs white tables terraces dusty palm trees rosebushes eleven morning heat begun close window woman hair full soot girl tried shade wouldn move rust passengers lone class car smoke locomotive coming window girl left seat put things left plastic sack things eat bouquet flowers wrapped newspaper sat opposite seat window facing mother severe poor mourning clothes girl twelve train woman mother blue veins eyelids small soft shapeless body dress cut riding spinal column braced firmly seat held peeling patent leather handbag lap hands bore conscientious security accustomed poverty twelve heat begun
place river ecuadorian jungle real central sitting stump edge palm thatch village middle night headwaters amazon human tenderness glance heaven deep shadow called notes hushed talked softly clumps north americans showing jungle holding cool drinks idly watching hand sized tarantula seize moths lone bulb generator shed february middle summer green fireflies spattered lights air illumined seconds pale trunks enormous solitary trees beneath brown river rising silence coiled sandy bank tangled foam vines trailed forest roots looped shore breath night smelled sweet moistened sweet kitchen garden cradle star orion tremble stir breath thatch house clearing village jesuit priests began playing alto recorder playing wordless song lyric minor key twined village clearing caught big trees canopies muted talk wandered river dissolving downstream thought weekend season home
chief characteristics poetry language create musical effects earliest known poems greek hebrew psalms fact written accompanied music produced lyre stringed instrument choosing words poets consider musical quality meaning sound reinforce meaning edgar allen poe poetry music combined pleasurable idea hear poe music stanza poem lee principal device poe employs stanza musical rhyme repetition accented vowel sounds succeeding sounds words close words ago sea lee end rhymes rhyming words occur end poetic line exact rhymes words exactly repeat sound forms rhyme encounter section internal rhyme rhyme occuring line approximate rhyme rhyme final sounds words similar identical poets forms repetition rhyme alliteration repetition consonant sounds beginnings words assonance repetition vowel sounds common form repetition refrain recurring phrase entire line stanza refrains especially popular ballads story poems meant sung onomatopoeia musical device poets onomatopoeia occurs sound word imitates suggests meaning quotation princess alfred lord tennyson musical quality lines enhanced words moan murmuring
writing poetry read helps sharpen understanding order explain poem understand fully understand asked write full explication page textbook asked explain aspects poem start write follow suggestions analysis page sure understand poem saying write short paraphrase express poem main idea sentence assigned topic decide topic thinking element elements interest language structure sound devices wish offer interpretation poem specific lines topic mind study poem carefully line line look elements related topic instance decide write effectiveness similes metaphors poem search line examples figures speech jot examples sheet paper planning outline examples need choose significant examples evidence plan introduce poem author topic reader body paper evidence gathered support thesis conclude paper summary careful words introduction additional assistance section called writing literature textbook
origins drama obscure form language theater stone age campfire actor playwright person retelling story hunt members tribe ingredients suspenseful story conflict hero enemy tense hush audience climax satisfying ending drama evolved ages drama early greeks began simple religious celebrations sixth centuries greeks presenting plays huge open air amphitheaters costumed performers acted greek myths legends large audience spent theater viewing series tragedies interspersed comedies center mediterranean civilization shifted greece rome decline range scope drama romans enjoyed comedies tragedies plays copied greeks middle ages drama confined strolling minstrels players sang tales small groups marketplaces fairs courts gradually rich ceremonies medieval church grew form drama bible stories acted priests altar later actors steps cathedral biblical plays gave called morality plays actors pretended abstract qualities vice greed charity plays enacted teach morals lessons eventually greek roman manuscripts began rediscovered classical dramas copied end sixteenth century folk religious classical elements theater culminated dramas william shakespeare
act julius caesar presents basic conflict play conflict caesar party group dissatisfied citizens resent fear caesar power conflict obvious scene tribunes citizens celebrating caesar triumph major characters presented act act exposes sets problem play say exposition act constitute rising action play means action leads turning point crisis play fate hero sealed brutus joins dissatisfied citizens full scale conspiracy planned caesar assassinated complications finally turning point shakespeare plays turning point takes place act julius caesar exception act decided mark antony assassinated allowed deliver funeral oration dead friend find moment fact clear marks turning point play decision lie seeds destruction conspirators caesar power passed high minded naive brutus shrewd revengeful antony join acts constitute falling action play watch reversal roles final inevitable catastrophe antony famous funeral oration caesar says thing means brutus honorable verbal irony antony words ironic deceptive true meaning clear audience
idea tragedy means applies plays tragic plays called similar structures greeks called tragic characters dying term vivid term mortal means thing simplest ingredient tragic structure unhappy ending respect tragedy opposite comedy comedy events bad worse finally happy ending contrast tragedies start hero heroine height power prestige plunge person defeat written tragedy refer hero heroine tragic flaw pride arrogance lust power tragedies flaw lack insight inability circumstances understand nature properly frequently flaw combined ill luck blind fate brings downfall principal character called protagonist protagonist opposed antagonist contribute downfall generally suffering protagonist comes recognition discovery insight enlightenment understanding suffering protagonist goes price paid means enlightenment comes elizabethan audiences liked kind tragedy dealt revenge plays dealt personal protagonist murder brought general destruction shakespeare revenge plays set larger social context plays strong ruling figure brought rebel usurping figure turn defeated avenger
major trend developed modern theater trend realism realism drama realism novels short stories attempts present actually wish realism explores detail characters ordinary live trend modern drama modern playwrights experimented traditional dramatic elements trying find ways presenting action character stage playwrights abandoned plot altogether planks wood scenery playwright characters speak sitting inside trash cans robert anderson sang father realistic play experimental touches anderson play scenery lighting chief means setting stage makes sudden shifts place character steps action speak directly audience anderson stripped order focus attention real problem faced american family remember tragedies ancient greece england concerned downfall noble characters downfall affected larger society anderson play ordinary involved personal problem characters speak verse ordinary language disjointed rhythms everyday conversation death comes characters realistic dramas anderson avenging gods designs fate comes things age car accidents modern dramas conflict caused social emotional factors war sickness poverty loneliness
late moon arose rooster crowed kino opened eyes darkness sensed movement move eyes searched darkness pale light moon crept holes brush house kino saw juana arise silently saw move fireplace carefully heard lightest sound moved fireplace stone shadow glided door paused moment hanging box lay doorway rage surged kino rolled feet silently hear quick footsteps going shore quietly tracked brain red anger burst clear brush line stumbled boulders water heard coming broke run arm throw leaped caught arm wrenched pearl struck face clenched fist fell boulders kicked side pale light waves break skirt floated clung legs water receded kino looked teeth bared hissed snake juana stared wide eyes sheep butcher knew murder accepted resist protect
english class asked write literature read writing response homework assignment examination question research project times assigned topic times instructed choose subject writing literature object demonstrate understanding literary group works focusing specific aspect literature study analyze central character characters short story discuss dramatic irony play compare techniques ideas poems writing assignments important part literary study aims greater understanding appreciation works read effort involved writing literary actually helps write read carefully think read gather weigh evidence conclusions putting thoughts paper fully involved literature studies familiar elements analyzing literary works safely assume readers understand mean refer character protagonist antagonist terms satire tone words part common vocabulary writing literature guide literary terms techniques page material pages offers help planning writing papers literature find suggestions answering examination questions choosing topics gathering evidence organizing essays writing evaluating revising papers
asked demonstrate understanding literary topic writing short essay class teacher select subject essay depend carefully prepared examination carefully read interpret essay question begin answer examination question sure understand question calls suppose asked discuss kinds irony short story limit type irony essay fulfill requirements question asked theme give summary plot answer unacceptable matter essay unsatisfactory respond question accurately read essay question carefully order determine answered remember expected demonstrate specific knowledge literature general statement supported evidence wish demonstrate tone poem refer individual words sounds images elements style writer voice allowed textbook examination occasionally quote short passages refer specific page order provide supporting evidence start helpful jot notes guide writing essay points decide effective order presentation build strongest point present points develop striking contrast
troubles blown compact ship put sea prosperous wind continued divers days encouragement according usual manner afflicted seasickness omit special god providence proud profane young seamen lusty able body haughty poor sickness cursing daily grievous let tell hoped help cast half overboard journey end merry gently curse swear bitterly pleased god half seas young grievous disease died desperate manner thrown overboard curses light head astonishment fellows noted hand god enjoyed fair winds weather season encountered times met fierce storms ship shaken upper works leaky main beams bowed cracked put fear ship able perform voyage chief company perceiving mariners fear ship appeared entered consultation master officers ship consider danger return cast desperate inevitable peril
clock morning provisions bedding necessaries packs carry shoulders dismal days full allowance doubting abundantly sufficient carry inhospitable place poor fellows stagger loads weighed sixty seventy pounds proportion strength bear unconscionable saddled burdens heavier lug filthy bog practicable burden luggage backs obliged measure distance mark trees clear surveyors step pleasure cheerfulness undertook spirit drudgery greater safety commissioners took care furnish peruvian bark rhubarb case happen wet journey fevers fluxes need inflame persons cheerful enter grace author commissioners accompanied half mile dismal skirts thinly planted dwarf reeds gall bushes dismal found reeds grew taller closer mend matter interlaced bamboo briers scuffling help pioneers found ground moist trembling feet quagmire easy matter run ten foot pole head exerting uncommon strength
brother begun print newspaper appeared america called england courant boston news letter remember dissuaded friends undertaking likely succeed newspaper judgment america twenty undertaking worked composing types printing sheets employed carry papers streets customers ingenious friends amused writing pieces paper gained credit demand gentlemen visited hearing conversations accounts papers received excited try hand boy brother object printing mine paper put night door printing house found morning communicated writing friends called usual read commented hearing exquisite pleasure finding met guesses author named character learning ingenuity suppose lucky judges esteemed
singular dr heidegger invited venerable friends met study white bearded gentlemen colonel withered gentlewoman widow wycherly melancholy creatures unfortunate greatest misfortune ago graves vigor age prosperous merchant lost frantic speculation colonel wasted health substance pursuit sinful pleasures birth brood pains gout divers torments soul body ruined politician evil fame till buried knowledge present generation obscure infamous widow wycherly tradition says beauty past lived deep seclusion account scandalous stories prejudiced gentry town circumstance worth mentioning gentlemen colonel early lovers widow wycherly point cutting throats sake proceeding merely hint dr heidegger guests thought unfrequently case worried present troubles woeful recollections
wore perceptible change conduct islanders gradually lost knowledge regular occurrence days week sank kind apathy violent outbreak despair limb suddenly healed swelling pain subsided reason suppose soon recover affliction tormented soon enabled ramble valley company natives troops sallied house began experience elasticity mind reach dismal forebodings lately prey received deferential kindness perpetually delightful fruits ministered dark eyed nymphs enjoying services devoted kory kory thought sojourn cannibals agreeable sure limits set wanderings sea progress barred express prohibition savages ineffectual attempts reach gratify gave idea vain think reaching stealth natives escorted numbers single moment recall mind permitted green precipitous elevations stood ranged head vale habitation situated effectually precluded hope escape quarter stolen thousand eyes savages
christmas ship shot harbor space biting polar weather running southward degree minute latitude sailed gradually leaving merciless winter intolerable weather lowering gray gloomy mornings transition fair wind ship rushing water vindictive sort leaping melancholy rapidity mounted deck call forenoon watch soon leveled glance foreboding shivers ran reality apprehension captain ahab stood quarter deck sign common bodily illness recovery looked cut stake fire wasted limbs consuming taking particle compacted aged high broad form solid bronze shaped unalterable mold cast perseus threading gray hairs continuing side tawny scorched face neck till disappeared clothing saw slender rodlike mark whitish resembled perpendicular seam straight lofty trunk tree upper lightning darts wrenching single twig peels grooves bark top bottom ere running soil leaving tree greenly alive branded mark born scar left desperate wound certainly say tacit consent voyage allusion especially mates
part united states shaped forces place end civil war process industrialization accelerated war continued transform america simple agricultural economy jefferson praised surest base democracy cities swollen millions immigrants provide labor factories mills marked advance industrialism doubled redoubled size frontier nearly centuries central fact american considered closed census continental nation officially settled symbols americans knew changing country celebrated hundredth anniversary jefferson declaration independence philadelphia centennial exposition agricultural building interesting visitors machinery hall raised platform center eyes gigantic steam engine moved enormous pistons supply power wilderness cogs shafts beneath floor lesser machines simple candy mixer centralized power exerted force flung tentacles fitting image age image quickly surpassed impressive national celebration columbian exposition chicago meant commemorate hundredth anniversary columbus voyage opened late powerful steam engines electricity building twelve dynamos light run huge fair historian henry adams grandson grandson presidents immersed childhood american political history felt presence dynamos awe natural expression silent infinite force began study kind history economies developments force
knew color sky eyes glanced level fastened waves swept waves hue slate save tops foaming white knew colors sea horizon narrowed widened dipped rose times edge jagged waves thrust points rocks bathtub larger boat rode sea waves wrongfully barbarously abrupt tall froth top problem small boat navigation cook squatted bottom looked eyes inches gunwale separated ocean sleeves rolled fat forearms flaps unbuttoned vest dangled bent bail boat gawd narrow clip remarked invariably gazed eastward broken sea oiler steering oars boat raised suddenly clear water swirled stern thin oar ready snap correspondent pulling oar watched waves wondered injured captain lying bow buried dejection indifference comes temporarily bravest enduring willy firm fails army loses ship goes mind master vessel rooted deep timbers command decade captain stern impression scene grays dawn turned faces later stump topmast white ball slashed fro waves low lower
group townspeople stood station siding kansas town awaiting coming night train twenty minutes overdue snow fallen thick pale starlight line bluffs wide white meadows south town soft smoke colored curves clear sky siding stood foot hands thrust deep trousers pockets overcoats open shoulders screwed cold glanced southeast railroad track wound river shore conversed low tones moved restlessly uncertain expected company looked knew exactly conspicuously walking end platform returning station door pacing track chin sunk high collar overcoat burly shoulders drooping forward gait heavy dogged presently approached tall spare grizzled clad faded grand army suit shuffled group advanced deference craning neck forward angle jackknife quarters open reckon goin pretty late agin tonight jim remarked squeaky falsetto pose snow don responded shade annoyance speaking astonishing cataract red beard grew fiercely thickly directions spare shifted quill toothpick chewing side mouth likely east corpse pose reflectively
fifteen miles monterey wild coast torres family farm sloping acres cliff dropped brown reefs hissing white waters ocean farm stone mountains stood sky farm buildings huddled clinging aphids mountain skirts crouched low ground wind blow sea shack rattling rotting barn gray bitten sea salt beaten damp wind color granite hills horses red cow red calf half dozen pigs flock lean multicolored chickens stocked place corn raised sterile slope grew short thick wind cobs formed landward sides stalks mama torres lean dry woman ancient eyes ruled farm ten husband tripped stone field fell full length rattlesnake bitten chest mama torres children undersized black twelve fourteen emilio rosy mama fishing rocks farm sea kind truant officer distant part monterey county pepe tall smiling son nineteen gentle affectionate boy lazy pepe tall head pointed top peak coarse black hair grew thatch smiling eyes mama cut straight bang
counseling readers yiddish newspaper worked kinds bring problems betrayed husbands wives relatives quarrels country immigrants america wanted apply citizenship dates arrivals names ships cases help consisted listening offering words comfort gave address organization provided legal assistance advice seekers middle week friday held job learned jews worked saturday looked friday preparation holy sabbath matter tradition consequence friday late ready home appeared seventies stooped white goatee bags eyes wore black coat thought arrival america moment sat desk began read paper sixty ago country asked mentioned town poland told studied tried pass examinations enter university america teacher talmud later training dental technician
december bright frozen early morning country negro woman head tied red rag coming path pinewoods phoenix jackson small walked slowly dark pine shadows moving side side steps balanced heaviness lightness pendulum grandfather clock carried thin small cane umbrella tapping frozen earth front grave persistent noise air meditative chirping solitary bird wore dark striped dress reaching shoe tops equally apron bleached sugar sacks full pocket neat tidy took step fallen shoelaces dragged unlaced shoes looked straight ahead eyes blue age skin pattern numberless branching wrinkles tree stood middle forehead golden color ran underneath knobs cheeks illumined yellow burning dark red rag hair neck frailest ringlets black odor copper quivering thicket phoenix foxes owls beetles jack rabbits wild animals feet big wild hogs path
high school english classes asked write essays literature response homework assignments examination questions research projects times topics show plot developed selection compare characters analyze imagery poem agree disagree interpretation times instructed choose topic paper writing assignments important part literary study aims greater understanding appreciation works read writing literary getting experiencing fully write literary involved clarifying responses read sort thoughts weigh evidence reach conclusions studies acquired substantial body information skills writing literature learned special language terms techniques analyzing literary works safely assume readers understand mean refer elements fiction plot conflict terms metaphor symbol words part common vocabulary writing literature guide literary terms techniques page topics approaches considered writing literature acceptable examine part literary order clear relationship isolate setting point view order explain function story
refer writing essay process consists key stages phases prewriting writing evaluating revising proofreading writing final version process critical thinking planning precedes actual writing paper prewriting stage writer makes decisions say say prewriting activities include choosing limiting subject considering purpose audience deciding attitude topic expressed language paper gathering ideas organizing ideas plan arriving thesis controlling idea paper writing stage writer working plan write draft essay evaluating stage writer judges draft identify strengths weaknesses content organization style revising fourth stage involves making improve weaknesses identified evaluating writer revise adding cutting reordering replacing ideas details proofreading stage writer checks revised draft correct errors grammar usage mechanics stage writing final version involves preparing clean copy proofreading catch omissions errors stages writing process interdependent resulting movement stages rarely writer complete stage entirely moving progress straight line stage ideas developed paper writing stage writer discover additional evidence needed support point parts paper need reorganized
asked demonstrate understanding literary topic writing short essay class teacher designate subject essay respond depend carefully prepared examination carefully read interpret question remember length satisfactory answer relevant presented correct english begin answer examination question sure understand question calls question requires give reasons supply fulfilled requirements questions read essay question carefully remember expected demonstrate specific knowledge literature general statement supported evidence wish show character refer specific actions dialogue thoughts feelings direct comments author order illustrate point allowed textbook examination occasionally quote short passages refer specific page order provide supporting evidence key word examination questions verb let look briefly common instructions examinations asked analyze aspect literary topic analyze part works examination generally directed focus limited essential aspect order demonstrate knowledge understanding
known britons celtic early inhabitants britain conquered romans century part roman empire evidence occupation exists familiar place names ending caster chester local version latin word camp castra roman legions required home protect capital britain left unprotected fell prey raiding looting neighbors continent according tradition band north german plain crossed north sea britain settled county kent jutes peninsula jutland denmark germanic invaders jutes angles saxons britons match invaders retreat mountains moors struggle legendary king arthur leader celtic driven wales germanic tribes brought common language ancestor present english call english anglo saxon created anglo saxon england angleland lasted normans led william duke normandy successfully invaded conquered country anglo saxon period england unified country today land divided separate kingdoms important areas kent wessex centuries period anglo saxons compelled organize resist invasions vikings norsemen called danes
english literature begins beowulf england heroic epic proper beginning national literature belongs profoundly human poem shapes interprets materials connected tribes northern europe angles saxons jutes invaded england romans left century tribal history poem remote monstrous familiar keeping bloody feud alive paying living crime lines history festering pride loud talk drunken violence spies bloody borders raids dark background poem presents kind history history stranger comes openly help covertly kill loot eating drinking speaking gift giving natural ceremonies uniting young heroic strength wise generous history ideal possibilities surviving manuscript beowulf dates composed eighth century poem recounts exploits fourth century geats danes doubtless based earlier unwritten stories passed generation generation word mouth anglo saxons britain shared common group heroes germanic peoples hero beowulf certainly origins earlier pagan era author written version christian language version english translation read modern english poet burton beowulf epic poems hero leader
remarkable poem exists manuscript british museum written chaucer lost rediscovered published idea author dialect wrote thought northerner general agreement poem english medieval romances surpasses greatness poetry period chaucer writer familiar aristocratic gentleman attached aristocratic household poem continues device earlier period written present translator calls stanzas unequal length ends bob wheel bob short line syllables wheel rhymed lines bob wheel line stressed syllables variable number unstressed story begins wonderful christmas season party king arthur court camelot young king reluctant eat adventure appeared standing place rides gigantic green knight armed huge ax offers submit blow ax return blow sir gawain knights accepts challenge chops head stranger coolly picks head mounts horse reaffirms bargain rides camelot sober place november sir gawain arms prays sets fatal mission weeks cold lonely questing giant haunted wilds north wales suddenly comes splendid castle warmly lord castle lady
reading macbeth play factors demand special attention theme plot characterization diction atmosphere theme macbeth summed macbeth words say blood blood macbeth opens meeting witches scene creates atmosphere foreboding introduces evil powers tempt macbeth ruin scene showing king duncan nobles receiving report macbeth victory battle witches reappear meet macbeth macbeth enters banquo witches accost prophecies macbeth reacts strongly scene arises spectators involved story inevitable downfall macbeth plot depends character events happen act according natures writer convinces person real interest macbeth shakespeare concentrated skill characterization leading figures macbeth lady macbeth macbeth appears hear bravery battle scene sense vastly ambitious brooding unconscious happening scenes later lady macbeth commenting letter view husband nature full milk human kindness remark convinces macbeth ambitious scrupulous evil desires timid play false wife forces lady macbeth obvious stronger nature
studies serve delight ornament ability chief delight privateness retiring ornament discourse ability judgement disposition business expert execute judge particulars general counsels plots marshaling affairs learned spend studies sloth ornament affection judgment wholly rules humor scholar perfect nature perfected experience natural abilities natural plants need pruning study studies give directions large bounded experience crafty contemn studies simple admire wise teach wisdom won observation read contradict confute believe granted find talk discourse weigh consider books tasted swallowed chewed digested books read parts read curiously read wholly diligence attention books read deputy extracts important arguments meaner sort books distilled books common distilled waters flashy things reading maketh full conference ready writing exact
saw dream wilderness saw town town vanity town fair called vanity fair vanity fair town lighter vanity sold cometh thither vanity saying wise cometh vanity fair erected business thing ancient standing show original thousand pilgrims walking celestial city honest persons legion companions perceiving path pilgrims city lay town vanity contrived set fair fair sold sorts vanity fair merchandise sold houses lands trades places honors titles countries kingdoms pleasures delights sorts wives husbands children masters servants lives blood bodies souls silver gold pearls precious stones whatnot fair times seen juggling cheats games plays fools apes knaves rogues kind seen thefts murders false blood red color fairs moment rows streets proper names wares likewise proper places rows streets countries kingdoms wares fair soonest found
wordsworth born grew lake district beautiful area mountains lakes streams scottish border northwest england natural beauty grandeur area major source inspiration wordsworth family lived small town west cumberland mother died wordsworth school town south lake district lively moody boy loved spend free roaming countryside getting country lived adult memories transformed magnificent verse early books prelude autobiographical poem wordsworth thirteen father died considerable sum money left children withheld legal reasons william able attend cambridge university found formal university curriculum interest longed restlessly summer vacations vacation cambridge wordsworth walking tour france alps close friend robert jones france celebrating anniversary revolution sympathetic democratic ideals inspired french revolution wordsworth filled enthusiastic hope france lead social order returned france completing degree cambridge visit fervent supporter revolution fell passionately love daughter french surgeon
opened scene collins declaration form resolved loss leave absence extended saturday feelings diffidence distressing moment sat orderly manner observances supposed regular part business finding mrs bennet elizabeth young girls soon breakfast addressed mother words hope madam interest fair daughter elizabeth solicit honor private audience course morning elizabeth blush surprise mrs bennet instantly answered dear yes certainly sure lizzy happy sure objection kitty want upstairs gathering hastening elizabeth called dear ma beg collins excuse say need hear going nonsense lizzy desire stay elizabeth vexed embarrassed looks escape added lizzy insist staying hearing collins elizabeth oppose injunction moment consideration making wisest soon sat tried conceal incessant employment feelings divided distress diversion
john keats died twenty age wordsworth begun write poems known today brevity intensity keats career unmatched english poetry achieved young age readers speculated potential lived reach artistic maturity keats humble origins father keeper livery stable killed fall horse keats mother died tuberculosis fourteen keats fortunate boy attend excellent private school london teacher introduced poetry music theater soon mother died guardian hard headed businessman took keats school apprentice surgeon apothecary keats continued study medicine formally guy hospital london qualified practice apothecary decided guardian displeasure devote poetry keats friends london leigh hunt known literary critic political radical encouraged keats seriously writer hunt introduced leading literary figures hazlitt lamb shelley hunt circle provided keats friendly encouraging audience keats difficulties early poems lack control originality expression characterize verse mythological poem entitled endymion published severely attacked conservative reviewers criticisms justified
features agricultural england retain appearance modified lapse centuries reckoned high grassy downs ewe leases indifferently called fill large area counties south southwest mark human occupation met form solitary cottage shepherd fifty ago lonely cottage stood possibly standing spite loneliness spot actual measurement miles country town affected miles irregular upland inimical seasons snows rains mists afford withdrawing space isolate nebuchadnezzar fair weather repellent tribe poets philosophers artists conceive meditate pleasant things earthen camp barrow clump trees starved fragment ancient hedge advantage erection forlorn dwellings present case kind shelter disregarded higher crowstairs house called stood detached undefended reason precise situation crossing footpaths angles hard crossed hundred house exposed elements sides wind blew unmistakably blow rain hit hard fell weathers winter season formidable imagined dwellers low ground
say romance india wrong lives hold romance strickland police understand doubtful sort passed side strickland thank held extraordinary theory policeman india try natives natives upper india pass hindu mohammedan hide dresser priest pleases feared respected natives supposed gift invisibility executive control devils eyes indian government strickland foolish model absurd theory dabbled unsavory places respectable think exploring native riffraff educated peculiar appreciate perpetually going natives course sense believes initiated sat leave knew lizard song dance religious startling kind knows dance knows proud deeper skin strickland proud helped painting death bull englishman look mastered thieves patter horse thief stood sounding board border mosque conducted service manner
important novelists comes beginning period jane austen sir walter scott jane austen acute exquisite sense character scene equaled deliberately limited range novels classics art fiction enjoyed friends scott curious case stupendous success wide influence author medieval romances ivanhoe thought novelist historical point fact weaknesses historical enduring strength appeal novelist finest stories eighteenth century background represent peak english writing group begins charles dickens acknowledged masters fiction dickens began write improvising mixing glorious fun unreal melodrama gradually planned keeping inimitable humor filled writings searching criticism mid victorian society william makepeace thackeray genius qualities wide knowledge social wonderful eye ear character scene easy narrative style rise passages force beauty qualities found vanity fair critics consider historical henry masterpiece anthony trollope thackeray enthusiastic admirers distinguished style lacks thackeray flashes insight solid novels mid victorian churchmen politicians forgotten widely read appreciated
rest story need action need telling imaginations lazy dependence ready reach downs romance keeps stock happy endings misfit stories history eliza called romance records exceedingly improbable common achieved hundreds resolutely ambitious young women nell set playing queens fascinating kings theatre began selling oranges directions assumed reason heroine romance married hero unbearable drama acted thoughtless assumption spoiled true sequel patent sense human nature general feminine instinct eliza telling higgins marry asked announcing considered decision bachelor interests dominates teaches important spinster higgins eliza capable considers seriously play bachelor wife especially interested marriage determined devoted woman capture set resolutely decision depend deal free choose depend age income end youth security livelihood marry marry provide
feeling words harold pinter nausea weight words confronts words written bulk stale dead terminology ideas endlessly repeated trite meaningless nausea easy overcome step paralysis confront nausea follow hilt move say occured achieved beginning performance room pinter plays struck theatrical scene chain lightning bolts labels attached poetic angry absurd points truth poetic vision couldn contained conventional entertainment anger pinter conscientious objector sense meaning seeped ordinary phrases leaving dry hollow final word pinter suggests words stale dead idea absurd meaningless endlessly repeated trite meaningless pinter advice repeating search plays evidence achieved son jewish tailor pinter evacuated london blitz war attended drama school briefly worked actor television stage odd jobs waiter doorman dishwasher gave tough manner ended career took late
english class students asked write essays literary topics response homework assignments examination questions research projects assignments discuss theme short story compare characters play analyze symbolism poem agree disagree interpretation writing assignments important part literary study aims greater understanding appreciation works read writing literary getting fully involved formulate thoughts paper read reread selection carefully sort ideas gather weight evidence reach conclusions studies acquired substantial body information skills writing literature learned special language terms techniques examining literary works safely assume readers understand mean identify poem shakespearean sonnet refer terms epic paradox words part common vocabulary writing literature guide literary terms techniques page topics approaches considered writing literature acceptable examine part literary order clear relationship focus key episode story order explain function short passage poem examine line line order focus significance entire
seen holmes lately marriage drifted complete happiness home centered interests rise finds master establishment sufficient absorb attention holmes loathed form society bohemian soul remained lodgings baker street buried books alternating week week cocaine ambition drowsiness drug fierce energy keen nature deeply attracted study crime occupied immense faculties extraordinary powers observation clues clearing mysteries abandoned hopeless official police heard vague account doings summons odessa case murder clearing singular tragedy atkinson brothers finally mission accomplished delicately successfully reigning family holland signs activity merely shared readers daily press knew friend companion night march returning journey patient returned civil practice led baker street passed remembered door mind wooing dark incidents study scarlet seized keen desire holmes employing extraordinary powers
quarter past left baker street wanted ten minutes hour found avenue dusk lamps lighted paced front lodge waiting coming occupant house pictured sherlock holmes succinct description locality appeared private expected contrary small street quiet neighborhood remarkably animated group shabbily dressed smoking laughing corner scissors grinder wheel guardsmen flirting nurse girl dressed young lounging cigars mouths remarked holmes paced fro front house marriage simplifies matters photograph double edged weapon chances averse seen godfrey norton client coming eyes princess question find photograph unlikely carries cabinet size large easy concealment woman dress knows king capable waylaid searched attempts sort carry banker lawyer double possibility inclined think women naturally secretive secreting
sherlock holmes quick eye took occupation shook head smile noticed questioning glances obvious facts manual labor takes snuff freemason china considerable amount writing lately deduce jabez wilson started chair forefinger paper eyes companion fortune holmes asked manual labor true gospel began ship carpenter hands dear sir hand size larger left worked muscles developed snuff won insult intelligence telling read especially strict rules order arc compass ah course forgot writing cuff shiny inches left smooth patch elbow rest desk china fish tattooed immediately wrist china small study tattoo marks contributed literature subject trick staining fishes scales delicate pink peculiar china addition chinese coin hanging watch chain matter simple
preposterous hat vacuous face noble simple faith visitor compelled respect laid bundle papers table promise summoned sherlock holmes sat silent minutes finger tips pressed legs stretched front gaze directed upward ceiling took rack oily clay pipe counsellor lit leaned chair thick blue cloud wreaths spinning look infinite languor face interesting study maiden observed found interesting problem trite find parallel cases consult index andover sort hague idea details maiden instructive appeared read deal invisible remarked invisible unnoticed watson look missed important bring realize importance sleeves issues hang gather woman appearance describe slate colored broad brimmed straw hat feather red
june monday mccarthy left house afternoon walked pool small lake formed spreading stream runs valley serving morning ross told hurry appointment importance appointment alive farm house pool quarter mile saw passed ground woman mentioned william crowder employ turner witnesses depose mccarthy walking adds minutes seeing mccarthy pass seen son james mccarthy going gun arm belief father actually sight son thought matter heard evening tragedy occurred mccarthys seen william crowder game keeper lost sight pool thickly wooded round fringe grass reeds round edge girl fourteen patience moran daughter lodge keeper valley estate woods picking flowers states saw border wood close lake mccarthy son appeared violent quarrel
sherlock holmes transformed hot scent known quiet thinker baker street failed recognize face flushed darkened brows drawn hard black lines eyes shone beneath steely glitter face bent downward shoulders bowed lips compressed veins stood whip cord sinewy neck nostrils dilate purely animal lust chase mind absolutely concentrated matter question remark fell unheeded ears provoked quick impatient snarl reply swiftly silently track ran meadows woods pool damp marshy ground district marks feet path amid short grass bounded side holmes hurry stop dead detour meadow walked detective indifferent contemptuous watched friend interest sprang conviction actions directed definite end pool reed sheet water fifty yards situated boundary farm private park wealthy turner woods lined farther side red jutting pinnacles marked site rich land owner dwelling
isa whitney brother late elias whitney principal theological college st george addicted opium habit grew understand foolish freak college read de description dreams sensations drenched tobacco laudanum attempt produce effects found practice easier attain rid continued slave drug object mingled horror pity friends relatives yellow pasty face drooping lids pin point pupils huddled chair wreck ruin noble night june ring bell hour yawn glances clock sat chair wife laid needle lap face disappointment patient groaned newly weary heard door open hurried words quick steps linoleum door flew open lady clad dark colored stuff black veil entered room excuse calling late began suddenly losing control ran forward threw arms wife neck sobbed shoulder trouble cried want help wife pulling veil kate whitney
mrs st clair fainted sight blood window escorted home cab police presence help investigations inspector barton charge case careful examination premises finding threw light matter mistake arresting boone instantly allowed minutes communicated friend fault soon remedied seized searched found incriminate true blood stains shirt sleeve pointed ring finger cut nail explained bleeding adding window stains observed doubtless source denied strenuously seen neville st clair swore presence clothes room mystery police mrs st clair assertion actually seen husband window declared mad dreaming removed loudly protesting police station inspector remained premises hope ebbing tide afford fresh clue found mud bank feared find neville st clair coat neville st clair lay uncovered tide receded think found pockets
seated arm chair warmed hands crackling fire sharp frost set windows thick ice crystals suppose remarked homely looks thing deadly story linked clue guide solution mystery punishment crime crime sherlock holmes laughing whimsical incidents happen million human beings jostling space square miles amid action reaction dense swarm humanity combination events expected place problem presented striking bizarre criminal experience remarked cases added notes entirely free legal crime precisely allude attempt recover irene adler papers singular case miss mary sutherland adventure twisted lip doubt small matter fall innocent category peterson commissionaire yes trophy belongs hat found owner unknown beg look battered billy cock intellectual problem arrived christmas morning company fat goose doubt roasting moment front peterson fire
ejaculation drawn companion fact door suddenly dashed open huge framed aperture costume peculiar mixture professional agricultural black top hat frock coat pair high hunting crop swinging hand tall hat actually brushed cross bar doorway breadth span side side large face seared thousand wrinkles burned yellow sun marked evil passion turned deep set bile shot eyes high thin fleshless nose gave resemblance fierce bird prey holmes asked apparition sir advantage companion quietly dr stoke moran doctor holmes blandly pray seat kind step daughter traced saying cold holmes saying screamed furiously heard crocuses promise continued companion ha put visitor taking step forward shaking hunting crop scoundrel heard holmes friend smiled holmes busybody smile broadened holmes scotland yard jack office holmes chuckled heartily conversation entertaining
god whispered holmes moment startled hand closed vice wrist agitation broke low laugh put lips ear nice household murmured baboon forgotten strange pets doctor affected cheetah find shoulders moment confess felt easier mind holmes slipping shoes found inside bedroom companion noiselessly closed shutters moved lamp table cast eyes round room seen daytime creeping making trumpet hand whispered ear gently distinguish words sound fatal plans nodded show heard sit light ventilator nodded asleep depend pistol ready case need sit side bed chair took revolver laid corner table holmes brought thin cane bed laid box matches stump candle turned lamp left darkness forget dreadful vigil
drove hour colonel lysander stark miles think rate took nearer twelve sat side silence aware glanced direction looking intensity country roads part lurched jolted terribly tried look windows frosted glass save occasional bright blur passing light remark break monotony journey colonel answered conversation soon flagged bumping road exchanged crisp smoothness gravel drive carriage stand colonel lysander stark sprang pulled porch gaped front stepped carriage hall failed catch fleeting glance front house instant crossed threshold door slammed heavily heard faintly rattle wheels carriage drove pitch dark inside house colonel fumbled looking matches muttering breath suddenly door opened end passage
saw ill dressed vagabond lane yesterday evening holder precisely found home changed clothes delicate part play saw prosecution avoided avert scandal knew astute villain hands tied matter saw course denied gave occurred tried took preserver wall knew clapped pistol head strike reasonable told give price stones held apiece brought signs grief shown dash let hundred soon managed address receiver promising prosecution set stones apiece looked son told eventually bed clock call hard saved england public scandal banker rising sir find words thank find ungrateful skill exceeded heard
dress found waiting peculiar shade blue excellent material sort beige bore unmistakable signs worn fit measured mrs expressed delight look exaggerated vehemence waiting drawing room large room stretching entire front house windows reaching floor chair close central window turned asked sit walking side room began tell series funniest stories listened imagine comical laughed weary mrs evidently sense humor smiled sat hands lap sad anxious look face hour suddenly remarked commence duties change dress edward nursery days later performance exactly similar circumstances changed dress sat window laughed heartily funny stories employer immense repertoire told handed yellow backed moving chair sideways shadow fall page begged read aloud
rickety door gave united strength rushed room empty furniture save pallet bed small table basketful linen skylight open prisoner villainy holmes beauty guessed miss hunter intentions carried victim skylight soon managed swung roof ah yes cried end light ladder eaves impossible miss hunter ladder tell clever dangerous surprised step hear stair think watson pistol ready words mouth appeared door room fat burly heavy stick hand miss hunter screamed shrank wall sight sherlock holmes sprang forward confronted villain daughter fat cast eyes round open skylight ask shrieked thieves spies thieves caught power serve turned clattered stairs hard
picnic stranger dear lina elder girl cover view attractive barnards attractive corrected elder girl enthusiasm simply divine johnnie cousin lina looked young increased interest johnnie heard elder girl course lina nodded naturally heard knew heard sir thomas lord cousin lord managed retain estates unlike brother peers money sir thomas lived partly upper hampstead partly relations friends induce invite visits sons killed war australia nominally sheep farming stage johnnie youngest knew johnnie mentioned johnnie invariably conversation staying miss volunteered lord ruled abbot attendant hamlets abbot abbot firmly fact theory feudal ancestors hundred ago barnards lina wanted miss shrugged shoulders put barnards pretty obvious
dear church didn lina helping horseradish sauce tray side walk asked mrs surprise johnnie gave thrill excitement speak casually general drew bushy brows bridge nose effort memory johnnie tom youngest boy pity turned rough luck tom tom fool straight die eh horseradish didn horseradish season bottle eh asked general suspiciously course dear replied mrs placid untruth general helped tasted portion real stuff tell difference stand things bottles taste dear agreed mrs say johnnie father lina asked calmly turned club cheating cards wasn turned unpleasant anyway staying shouldn thought lord turned club cheating cards lina heart beating fast swallow woman ugly sure heavens grumbled general expect remember detail woman respondent
johnnie kind gentle adoration increased ratio conviction insufficiency knowledge finding inadequate hinted distressed unbearably asleep lay cried hours side supposed passionate put test appeared worse begin understand passion clear distinguished mental physical passion taking granted presence implied possession wife plain success previous experience reinforced pessimism thought realized approached instinctively recognized inadequacy johnnie mistaken tried say johnnie apologize shortcomings johnnie understand worrying borne johnnie perceptive sensitive imagined ideal lover inside mistress mind knows anticipate thoughts fulfil wishes advance johnnie realize immensity trouble overshadowed inclined laugh lina bear secretly deal upset johnnie proficiency love making
protective love surrounded johnnie johnnie lina sympathized times envied simple johnnie child children food drink love bodies raw meat concerns civilized complexities lina happen constituted janet caldwell adequately filled gap janet graduate st hugh oxford honour history contrary practice intelligent women consider impair appearance order prove intellectual capacity fortunate looking broad white forehead black hair parted middle large gray eyes gave classical appearance large full mouth spoil voice gentle half dozen younger lina unmarried lived widowed mother extremely red square house top small hill called doll house lina early experiences friendship left diffident surprised grateful janet shown preference lina reciprocated recognized person neighbourhood intimate intimacy shot extremely rapid growth women able induce friendship
discussing janet brooch utterly refused accept couple hours excited talk drawing room upstairs dress fifteen minutes lina usual discussion continued open door lina bedroom johnnie dressing room johnnie wanted blue windfall lina think blued lina hampered discussion lavishness johnnie generosity warm realization thought news straight car appeared driven madly buy mind diamond ring magnificent lina thought cost hundred pounds necklace emerald pendant brooch contained fine pearl fur coat proved mink car stuffed hats clothes choose lina appalled intoxicated recklessness behalf haven paid things asked bemused single johnnie assured money wouldn cheque till monday money lina muddled happiness dismay find johnnie money surprising realize completely overlooked fact johnnie broken promise
lina extremely upset ring valuable diamond constant symbol johnnie generosity thought reminded allowed irritated occasion front mind impulsive giving expression exuberance overwhelm presents symbolized johnnie love johnnie course sympathetic reminded rate ring insured full replaced identically lina agreed wept secretly practicality hearted substitute ring mean johnnie chosen bought handled dropped bit crystallized love lap wished insured replaced cook lina evident suspicion gave notice walked house lina startling discovery ring thing missing alert fact astonishing noticed absence objects rooms appeared denuded wedgwood figures drawing room pair brass candlesticks dining room mantelpiece sevres dessert service store cupboard dozen small things places vanished
evening effort believed capable lina sat dinner eat mouthful johnnie inquiries bad headache begin cry hear asking solicitude fond felt utterly crushed anger johnnie janet things anger knew bottom dropped end dinner room sat hours chair window think plan mind numbed misery simply end worked forbearance struggles johnnie worse nature sat dark johnnie turned light poor feeling rotten don bed bring spot whisky chair embrace lina shuddered sleep dressing room night dully morrow able think decide want johnnie hated sleeping pretended hate yes johnnie lina began cry poor thing bad bed sweetheart help lina brokenly
lina met ronald kirby studio party kensington sort party joyce dreamed going account cecil joyce parties let attend mixed gathering artists rate writers considered moment lina wanted silly party guests dressed children lina thought circumstances dreadful joyce insisted amusing lina dispirited resist allowed persuaded abbreviated red white check frock tied large bow hair felt ridiculous sight cecil melancholy black velvet lord fauntleroy collar prepared suffer sake failed cheer joyce course looked charming nineteen rose pink deal drink lina began feel guiltily glad recognized surprise sort spirits beginning rise began forget intervals betrayed wife bruised soul remembered impossible party actually amusing knew drinking deliberate gesture contempt defiance johnnie toyed idea getting drunk disgraced
desire known bare twenty hours spite johnnie lina fashioned find disturbing wondered johnnie moral lying bed touch side felt depraved want known preposterously short fact certainly love johnnie called wet fish loved johnnie hated johnnie hated bitterly angrily child monster child turned johnnie stand taking ronald lover decided end course ronald delightfully high opinion think won easily drilled lina early teens thinks woman win easily paid attention admirable precept engaged johnnie look result lay staring ceiling worrying ronald lover thoughts turned janet problem decide decided felt bitterness janet bitterness felt janet transferred swell johnnie total
hullo johnnie engaging grin uncertain wavering johnnie lina knees powerless managed chair clung struggling possession earth want voice rate sounded cold live simply listen love woman means haven seen woman tired re woman treated swear won shot tried arms lina resisted tale heard managed fair semblance calm darling mad evening think say things true wanted hurt crazy things crazy certainly caddis johnnie shrewdly darling jealous jealous true didn mind pretend mind gave hell martin mad jealousy honestly find love lina slowly re sure re running short cash johnnie damn money lina dock infernal allowance altogether honestly mean sound johnnie
hope tennis afternoon hell bells johnnie standing window hands pockets contemplating drizzle breathed glass drew cross result end nose lina looked stocking darning cecil find father spectacles library night died heavens don wondered lina darning johnnie began walk restlessly room head bent lina asked want spectacles case don read newspaper cutting wanted show believe wish look spectacles cecil earth wish extraordinary don cecil stroke cecil couldn suppose fourth week asked johnnie idly lina started slightly uttered nervous laugh silly thinking father lately reason ago yes lina agreed odd feeling relief nearly things happened nearly ago nearly important things happened week give nervous prompting ask johnnie details father death
ronald met waterloo kiss platform lina heart jumped saw waiting yes loved lot thought clung hands clutching coat sleeves gratitude relief felt safe ronald look ronald yes ronald looking noticed surprise embarrassed thought clinging public care ronald clung cleared throat tell lina smiled affectionately yes darling ronald safe dependable tell string hanging decided didn care mind love husband couldn standing indefinitely engaged don love ronald miserably looked lina conscious beginning stare suitcase muttered ronald suitcase carriage asked wanted taxi lina porter ronald hailed porter lina held hand bye ronald took hand awkwardly lina bye ronald hesitated moment lifted hat shambled
johnnie acquired passion detective stories read deep lina busy ordering library willingly innocuous amusement johnnie encouraged forever discussing getting recommendations listening criticisms fellow authors eager find flaws detection method hullo greet appeared times week hullo begun book look thought method murder let plunge discussion lina found johnnie talking methods murder altogether lina supremely ironical johnnie trying find methods murder worse ironical listen ingenious schemes course absurd wonder ridiculous lina method murder meet requirements practically undetectable afternoon sitting garden miss cottage lina nervous exasperation caused burst discussion annoyed going tea johnnie summer insisted going
lina persuade nightmare moments seeing johnnie laugh feeling johnnie arms round completely nightmare completely premonitions beaky death nightmare persuasion conviction knew johnnie intend bring death lina frightened longer shock seen extremely simple solution buy johnnie tell knew financial trouble forgive forgive forging settle debts action juncture put speaking johnnie shrank morrow actual resentment buy part precious capital stubborn johnnie thought going kill kill cover let try going help mess let try damned liked ready lina frightened knew johnnie mind kill outright killed father beaky try kill
middle november lina caught influenza fairly mild variety prevailed temperatures running high lina looked forward week bed months harassing calm remained general moments agony want die moments despair step asking johnnie heaven sake give stuff bear suspense longer head poor johnnie sure suspected cheque insurance double insurance completely casual preparations ago exaltation beginning wear thin months ready die johnnie kill illness johnnie bedroom middle morning carrying glass milk soda tray lina turned head pillows smiled johnnie stood inside door looking face worked smile faded lina lips single stab electric shock ran body knew doubt moment brought instant lina mind mechanically reviewed situation found safe johnnie silly die influenza jerked elbow bed
need say confirmed watson holmes returned paper household word society tell reputation arranging delicate matters papers remember negotiations sir george lewis case natural turn diplomacy bound hope false scent real need assistance watson honoured hour put matter heads living rooms queen anne street round baker street named sharp half hour colonel sir james announced describe remember large bluff honest personality broad clean shaven face pleasant mellow voice frankness shone gray irish eyes humour played round mobile smiling lips top hat dark frock coat detail pearl pin black satin cravat lavender varnished shoes spoke meticulous care dress famous big masterful aristocrat dominated room course prepared find dr watson remarked courteous bow collaboration dealing occasion holmes violence familiar literally stick
knew course villain lost poisoning mind miss winter advent amazed think waved respective chairs reverend abbess receiving leprous head inclined swell dear watson course miss violet de sir voice wind iceberg familiar called understand fiance baron father request warn advance say possibly slightest effect mind sorry watson thought moment thought daughter eloquent head heart plead warmth words find nature pictured awful position woman wakes character wife woman submit caressed bloody hands lecherous lips spared shame fear agony hopelessness hot words bring tinge colour ivory cheeks gleam emotion abstracted eyes thought rascal post hypnotic influence believe living earth ecstatic dream indefinite replies listened patience holmes
standing open front case stood windows contained part chinese collection turned entered small brown vase hand pray sit doctor looking treasures wondering afford add tang specimen dates seventh century interest sure saw finer workmanship richer glaze ming saucer spoke carefully unpacked handed seated desk pulled lamp growing dark set examine yellow light beat features able study ease certainly remarkably handsome european reputation beauty fully deserved figure middle size built graceful active lines face swarthy oriental large dark languorous eyes easily hold irresistible fascination women hair moustache raven black short pointed carefully waxed features regular pleasing save straight thin mouth saw murderer mouth cruel hard gash face compressed inexorable terrible ill advised train moustache nature danger signal set warning victims voice engaging manners perfect age put thirty record showed forty
insanity plausible presence person outhouse suggested keeper fact locked door strengthened supposition gave idea constraint hand constraint severe young loose look friend remember felt round points asking paper kent reading british medical journal helped illegal lunatic private premises qualified person attendance authorities duly notified desperate desire secrecy theory fit facts remained possibility rare unlikely fit leprosy uncommon south africa extraordinary chance youth contracted dreadful position desire save segregation secrecy needed prevent rumours getting subsequent interference authorities devoted medical sufficiently paid easily found charge sufferer reason allowed freedom dark bleaching skin common result disease case strong strong determined act actually proved arriving noticed ralph carries meals gloves impregnated disinfectants doubts removed
prize fighter heavily built young stupid obstinate slab sided face stood awkwardly door looking puzzled expression holmes debonair manner experience vaguely felt hostile counter turned astute comrade help game count fellow want voice deep raucous count shrugged shoulders holmes answered put nutshell merton say boxer addressed remarks associate cove trying funny funny mood expect holmes think promise feel humorous evening advances look count busy waste going bedroom pray home absence explain friend matter lies restraint presence try violin minutes return final answer grasp alternative stone holmes withdrew picking violin corner passed moments later drawn wailing notes haunting tunes faintly closed door bedroom asked merton anxiously companion turned stone knows damned sight sure
don think adventures sherlock holmes opened abruptly dramatically associate gables seen holmes days idea channel activities directed chatty mood morning settled worn low armchair side fire curled pipe mouth opposite chair visitor arrived mad bull arrived give clearer impression occurred door flown open huge negro burst room comic figure terrific dressed loud gray check suit flowing salmon coloured tie broad face flattened nose thrust forward sullen dark eyes smouldering gleam malice turned gen holmes asked holmes raised pipe languid smile visitor coming unpleasant stealthy step round angle table holmes hands folks business leave folks manage affairs holmes talking holmes fine fine growled savage won damn fine trim bit handled kind didn look fine look holmes
girl quivering strong emotion staircase ancient corridor end iron clamped massive door struck looked ferguson tried force wife find easy matter girl drew key pocket heavy oaken planks creaked hinges passed swiftly fastening door bed woman lying clearly high fever half conscious entered raised pair frightened beautiful eyes glared apprehension seeing stranger appeared relieved sank sigh pillow stepped reassuring words lay took pulse temperature high impression condition mental nervous excitement actual seizure lie die girl woman turned flushed handsome face husband wish wander delirium fiend fiend devil help help finished destroyed destroyed woman strange delusion honest bob ferguson character fiend devil madame husband loves dearly
telephone directory lay table turned pages hopeless quest amazement strange due place gave cry triumph holmes holmes took book hand read ryder street sorry disappoint dear watson address letter want match mrs hudson card tray took glanced cried amazement initial john counsellor law kansas holmes smiled looked card afraid effort watson gentleman plot certainly expect morning position tell deal want moment later room john counsellor law short powerful round fresh clean shaven face characteristic american affairs general effect chubby childlike received impression young broad set smile face eyes arresting seldom human head seen pair intense bright alert responsive change thought accent american accompanied eccentricity speech holmes asked glancing
clock reached curious apartment nathan saunders caretaker leave hesitation admitting door shut spring lock holmes promised safe left shortly outer door closed bonnet passed bow window knew lower floor house holmes rapid examination premises cupboard dark corner stood wall eventually crouched holmes whisper outlined intentions wanted amiable friend room clear collector took planning invention apparently end say watson devilish ingenuity queer tenant give opening expected wove plot remarkable cunning want find client read situation connected murdered confederate crime guilty secret room read thought friend worth attention big criminal fact rodger prescott evil memory inhabited rooms points deeper reason
journey winchester thor place impatience holmes evident endless nervous restlessness sit paced carriage drummed sensitive fingers cushions suddenly neared destination seated opposite class carriage laying hand knees looked eyes peculiarly mischievous gaze characteristic imp moods watson recollection armed excursions took care safety mind absorbed problem revolver friend need reminded fact yes yes absent minded matters revolver produced hip pocket short handy serviceable weapon undid catch shook cartridges examined care heavy remarkably heavy yes solid bit mused minute watson believe revolver going intimate connection mystery investigating dear holmes joking watson test test comes clear test depend conduct weapon
arrived baker street found huddled armchair knees pipe mouth brow furrowed thought clear throes vexatious problem wave hand armchair half hour gave sign aware presence start reverie usual whimsical smile greeted home excuse abstraction mind dear watson curious facts submitted twenty hours turn rise speculations general character thoughts writing small monograph dogs detective surely holmes explored bloodhounds watson side matter course obvious subtle recollect case sensational coupled copper beeches able watching mind child form deduction criminal habits smug respectable father yes remember line thoughts dogs analogous dog reflects family saw frisky dog gloomy family sad dog happy snarling snarling dogs dangerous dangerous passing moods reflect passing moods shook head surely holmes farfetched
nearly midnight took station bushes immediately opposite hall door professor fine night chilly glad warm overcoats breeze clouds scudding sky half moon dismal vigil expectation excitement carried assurance comrade reached end strange sequence events engaged attention cycle days holds professor worst night holmes fact strange symptoms began visit prague secret correspondence bohemian dealer london presumably represents prague received packet point direction takes takes ken emanates prague clear takes definite directions regulate ninth system point attracted attention symptoms remarkable observe knuckles confess thick horny experience look hands watson cuffs trouser knees boots curious knuckles explained mode progression observed holmes paused suddenly clapped hand forehead watson watson fool incredible true points direction
companion plans actually fishing tackle mill stream result dish trout supper meal holmes showed signs renewed activity found road morning led park gates tall dark figure awaiting proved london acquaintance john mason trainer evening gentlemen note holmes sir robert returned hear expected night crypt house asked holmes quarter mile think disregard altogether afford holmes moment arrives want news prince case mason show crypt leave pitch dark moon mason led grass lands dark mass loomed front proved ancient chapel entered broken gap porch guide stumbling heaps loose masonry picked corner building steep stair led crypt striking match illuminated melancholy place dismal evil smelling ancient crumbling walls rough hewn stone piles coffins lead stone extending side arched roof lost shadows heads
late evening returned baker street gave account mission holmes lay gaunt figure stretched deep chair pipe curling slow wreaths acrid tobacco eyelids drooped eyes lazily asleep halt questionable passage narrative half lifted gray eyes bright keen searching glance haven josiah house explained think interest holmes penurious patrician sunk company inferiors quarter monotonous brick streets weary suburban highways middle island ancient culture comfort lies home surrounded high sun baked wall mottled lichens topped moss sort wall cut poetry watson holmes severely note high brick wall exactly known haven asked smoking street reason mentioning tall dark heavily military looking nodded answer inquiry gave curiously questioning glance memory later entered gateway saw coming drive glimpse morning certainly gave impression strange creature saw full light appearance abnormal
holmes led passage certainty lived house halted open door strong room pooh awful smell paint cried inspector clue holmes thank dr watson observation failed draw inference set foot trail filling house strong odours obviously cover smell wished conceal guilty smell suggest suspicions idea room iron door shutter hermetically sealed room put facts lead determine examining house case examined box office chart haymarket theatre dr watson bull eyes ascertained thirty thirty upper circle occupied night theatre alibi fell ground bad slip allowed astute friend notice number seat wife question arose able examine house agent impossible village think summoned hour possibly prevent miscarriage dr watson accompanied vicar took course clear masterly inspector awed voice
sudden warmth lounge struck tempted turn collar coat remove hat brush brown hair slicked forehead evident white seam parting belonged unconscious fashion point photographed fact posed study looked moved customs desk human tide international terminal flowed attracted attention delegations filed eyes picked flamingo colors african national costume orientals europeans item vast congress cosmopolitan familiarity airport lounge settled stomach appeared cold knew stood customs officials security kgb airline bag screens detector luggage sliding conveyor belt move anticipated happen standing apparent indifference customs stepped forward lifted suitcases clear belt watched customs officer fixedly ignore security opened suitcases urgently ruffled clothing contained customs official checked papers passed controller end counter ruffling clothes urgent smile face kgb disappeared replaced intent baffled stare suitcase
difficult consider coldly objectively russian defense system hours flight training constructed photographs descriptions supplied effort decided postpone considerations lapsed thoughtless inactivity getting moved window looked twelfth floor red square interest rank cars parked directly lowering sky gathering gloom late afternoon stared vast length square roof history museum towers domes kremlin pick guards bronze doors lenin mausoleum tiny figures moving glass doors gray edifice gum end square huge incredible st basil cathedral eyes continued desert red square barely focused scotch swallowed mouthful longer warmed thoughts reaching future meeting embankment bridge leave hotel dinner behave tourist matter tailed arrive ten thirty sure hat overcoat wear transistor radio told returning hotel beginning journey
swiftly distraction studied papers finished put eyes drawn window dark tunnel rushed past window gant felt knot tension harden stomach tasted bile throat stared helplessly door connecting carriage ahead waiting open admit overcoated figure manner betray authority eyes scorch features train slowed darkness grimy windows harsh lighting station involuntarily looked big casually feet hanging idly sliding doors gant unsteadily knew face pale sweating stood squarely set doors carriage train stopped doors slid open realized knew papers pocket contained sudden panic forgotten stepped shakily platform pushed passenger movement grateful trigger grant remembered eyes sought exit flight yes kgb pushed close reassuring presence small crowd left train station big heart moved slowly communal exit station opulence glanced awareness
waiting small sedan pulled side narrow road leading hood open gant faint outline hunched open jaws car process swallowed settled peak bank bordered road waited working appearing engine small car gant spent ten minutes checking figure road empty stood stretched cursed russian gant ducked sight small gant saw light glint moons spectacles looked road returned head beneath hood gant heard muffled tinkering tuneless whistle slowly feet eased slope bank watching asked russian irritated voice lifting head beneath hood gant stopped tracks foot raised ground half step asked shock dissipated system emerged beneath hood wiping hands oily rag studied gant light moon low horizon nodded satisfaction closed hood loudly gant moved closer late forties possibly fifties
straightened smoothed pencil drawn map huge compound began point features gant center living area technical scientific staff enter hangar factory complex gate finger traced route streets stopped line marked red marked red crosses intervals yes continued fence electric guarded watch towers finger tapped red crosses inside perimeter fence keeps project divided village gate fence side finger tapped stiff paper security personnel god sake smiled bravado naturally help don worry russian returned pipe sucked energetically spilled thick cloud smoke lips gant wrinkled nose disapproval smoke asked nodding reached pocket worn leather elbowed jacket pulled packet american cigarettes learn simply uh learn smoke hour rest gant pulled face re russian status symbol foreign cigarettes mouth person prove convincing papers smiled returned attention map gant picked pack cigarettes map slipped breast pocket overalls
want face processed central computer dangerous want central registry known suspected agents give clue real identity turned touch british embassy give authority inquiries tell urgent want orton contact want nodded door closed inspector fat assistant trailing wake picked photograph sweeping arms failed gather looked chance photograph gant persona orton fenton study moment turning fingers letting face catch light strip light overhead dark swarthy features harassed shoulders bowed concern knew began ask questions kgb worked kitchens corridors typing pool british embassy began realize multitude connections lansing embassy fenton persona orton fenton sis based london moscow undisguised ordinary tourist package holiday ground embassy hour death re emerging briefly orton seen connection discover substitute fenton package holiday moved leningrad arrived london
production prototype hundred feet team patient moving technicians aircraft pp stood rear giant hangar wondered speak guards aircraft decided picked briefed duty inspected close quarters error leadership sign absent confidence knew reluctantly crossed strip light spilling open doors rejoined personal bodyguard conversation door guards nodding fall headed hangar mig built locked darkness hurt guards ringed interior search moment knew running agent earth hours night limped open aide suggestion kind technical expert talk arrested inevitable soon trials successfully completed observe trials kind equipment eyes brought idea crossed bright stark space hangars looked fence seeking vantage point observer consider view runway hillock rising ground
watched slight figure emerged lavatory end hangar stepped door began crossing hangar unconcernedly appeared distance waited guard lavatory wondered emerge reached shadow pp guard appeared smiled smile fierce success wrench killed guard loosened white coat wore top overalls temperature conceal automatic thrust waistband trousers nodded looking direction knew watching signal aircraft completed delaying completion motive simple fear returned restaurant technicians scientific team leaders electronics expert deliberately passed left nodding helplessly direction touched gesture despite futility reached pocket coat flipped switch tiny transmitter transmitted taped gant arm noise alert fact diversion begun turned switch signal continuous gant signal hangar quickly turned head survey distance nearest guard estimated twelve yards
gant stood white coat ground closing cautious semi circle guards approaching saw blond head limbs flung careless attitude violent death aircraft yards fire end hangar fire tenders foam soaked frame prototype rolled clear smouldering materials begun sustained fire realized occupants hangar position begin turn attention late fact late excuse rolling plane hangar fire saw spurt flame wall hangar asbestos suited fireman rear heard dull concussion fuel drum explode prototype clear flame towing small tractor hurried chance legs stiff rebellious hysterical paralysis dream forced stride cross thirty yards concrete pilot ladder supervision place began climb bent cockpit voice bottom ladder called looked round nodded young distraught sweating face uniform junior officer kgb gun hand
sighting north west volgograd filled suspicion ace suspected obvious forced respect gant american pilot studying kgb file transmitted wire print center moscow appreciated selection cia gant rogue pilot vietnam ace hoped roles reversed foresight daring select felt knew gant felt need steal mig prove gant want complete mission determined mig home pilot report american surprised sudden appearance airliner starboard collision course knew gant radar warned airliner presence plenty avoid sighting gant fine pilot record told lies unfamiliar aircraft error sure built langley virginia assist gant training mentally cursed harsh glare failure appeared gross fool deal information passed americans past deal dismissed gant mind think dwell unchangeable past important circumvent gant supreme advantage radar immunity mig devil
gant electronic pilot relied instruments flying depended totally detached flying skill totally unaffected plane pilot featureless contours sea flowed screen endless empty vessels pushed plane nose rising thinning fog glare sunlight impression blue sky hundred feet ducked mist instruments told ahead register wanted comfort visual check contemplation dependence single piece electronic hardware revert earlier age flying looked fuel gauges refueling point hundreds miles russian coastline safety quarter full huge wing tanks skin fuselage acted fuel tank gant relish equation fuel distance cursed panic dash urals sense escape killed matter general secretary asked stopped mid stride turned face soviet leader learn accept success dear secretary laughed smiled wintry smile wish secretary fear mood displease re happy lost mig
cliffs channel gray curtain rock vanished sea opened felt huge shaking relief punched coordinates fly automatically aircraft swung course slowly eased claiming manual control aircraft desperate halt madness fuel consumption aircraft slowed sonic speed return sanity fever gant realized missiles launched wake missile launched target height simply driven opposite cliff aligning course pursue flying north westerly course course eventually fuel ran polar ice pack point franz josef land reached dead bitter gray sea flowed beneath carpet looking solid sky pale blue deceptively empty loneliness ate ravenous shivered deaf aid gave comfort remained silent began wonder worked began wonder ahead waiting refuel screen empty sky empty sea devoid vessels moved flowing gray desert eating reserves fuel report ship information angered secretary suddenly accepted doubts precautions purely nature academic exercise knew gant destroyed explosion badger
aubrey moved drinks trolley stood vigil corner operations room place stale rancid smell cigar smoke unchanged clothing faces longer strained tension merely tired tired satisfying tiredness job completed broke seal malt whisky poured pale gold liquid tumblers generous measures handed drinks round small silver tray brought flat readiness aubrey raised glass smiled gentlemen course gant gant chanted rough unison aubrey watched mild distaste threw drink throat swallowed precious liquid thought absolutely taste sipped drink merely matter glanced telephone minutes order car transport gant arrive smiled thought peck standing front gant looming sweat fur hood crystals ice ice stood moustache face pale drained effort hand sir peck looked gant voice hardened
visibly edge voice acted lanky form twitch puppeteer strings pulling taut russian closed longer believe crude hut bogus charts thermometers masts save gant passenger train arrived calmly collecting luggage thoughts prior departure longer privately thought past discernible future transit figures landscape mist ice hell snapped unable bear tension gant calmly voice level whisper looked curiously re cool gant smiled told dead flying corpse called vietnam gant minded gant replied shaking head slightly guys dead pulled missiles aa guns enemy planes yes softly hell war peck sweating pale angry weary remained hundred yards runway left clear towering gant won mister don bird reds arrive re bound lubyanka gant shook head minute hand chief peck stared mouth opening closing eyes reflecting baffled changed slowly conviction say muttered turned hoses exhorting
lost sight russian aircraft watched thrust aircraft dive american sitting target gant flat spin applying opposite rudder shoving forward stick respond russian doubt existence reality fighting plane plunged control sea moved column nose give airflow elevators trying put plane nose attitude order pick speed regain control seconds happened continued chatter auto ignition altimeter thirty thousand feet falling leaden leaf desperation reached hand controls dumped provide sudden shock drag plane body remembered conversation story tail lifted twitch nose dipped suddenly spin steepened applied opposite rudder opened twenty thousand feet altimeter control exerted pressure column level retracted pulled column steadily eased open plane began level body breathed dragging inhalation spin begun saw icy shock russian bright glow screen
client looked face unconventional appearance sure look bad holmes aware thing happened tell queer business admit sure excuse narrative nipped bud bustle mrs hudson opened door usher robust official looking individuals known inspector scotland yard energetic gallant limitations capable officer shook hands holmes introduced comrade inspector surrey constabulary hunting holmes trail lay direction turned bulldog eyes visitor john scott popham house lee morning traced telegram doubt holmes exactly holmes picked scent charing cross post office follow want wish statement scott events led death night aloysius garcia wisteria lodge client sat staring eyes tinge colour struck astonished face dead say dead yes sir dead accident murder earth god awful don mean don mean suspected
inexplicable tangle straighten wondered obvious servant return imagine confusion flight precious bear part left explain persistence step step note received garcia dinner confederate end end shown lie large house number large houses limited days village devoted series walks intervals botanical researches reconnaissance large houses examination family history occupants house riveted attention famous grange high gable mile farther side half mile scene tragedy mansions belonged prosaic respectable live aloof romance henderson high gable accounts curious curious adventures befall concentrated attention household singular set watson singular managed plausible pretext read dark deepset brooding eyes perfectly aware true business
satisfied read reasoner drew conclusions actions observed remember stumbled heap stones looked stars seated quietly chair clues injustice features means express emotions faithful servants mean say read train thoughts features features especially eyes recall reverie commenced tell throwing paper action drew attention sat half minute vacant expression eyes fixed newly framed picture general gordon saw alteration face train thought started lead eyes flashed portrait henry ward beecher stands top books glanced wall course meaning obvious thinking portrait framed cover bare space correspond gordon picture wonderfully exclaimed astray thoughts beecher looked hard studying character features eyes ceased pucker continued look face thoughtful
happened hour later found corner class carriage flying en route sherlock holmes sharp eager face framed travelling cap dipped rapidly bundle fresh papers procured paddington left reading thrust seat offered cigar case going looking window glancing watch rate present fifty half miles hour observed quarter mile posts telegraph posts line sixty yards calculation simple presume looked matter murder john disappearance silver blaze seen telegraph chronicle say cases art reasoner sifting details acquiring fresh evidence tragedy uncommon complete personal importance suffering surmise conjecture hypothesis difficulty detach framework fact absolute undeniable fact embellishments theorists reporters established sound basis duty inferences drawn special points mystery turns tuesday evening received telegrams colonel ross owner horse inspector gregory looking case inviting cooperation
glad opinion sir find poor house finished walk drive turned inspector holmes walked slowly moor sun beginning sink stables sloping plain front tinged gold deepening rich ruddy brown faded ferns brambles caught evening light glories landscape wasted companion sunk deepest thought watson leave question killed john instant confine finding horse supposing broke tragedy horse gregarious creature left instincts return king run wild moor surely seen kidnap clear hear trouble wish pestered police hope sell horse run risk gain taking surely clear king king let working hypothesis leads
corner pullman car evening whirled london fancy journey short colonel ross listened companion narrative events occurred dartmoor training stables monday night means unravelled confess theories formed newspaper reports entirely erroneous indications overlaid details concealed true import devonshire conviction fitzroy simpson true culprit course saw evidence means complete carriage reached trainer house immense significance curried mutton occurred remember remained sitting alighted marvelling mind possibly overlooked obvious clue confess colonel helps link chain reasoning powdered opium means tasteless disagreeable perceptible mixed ordinary dish eater undoubtedly detect eat curry exactly medium disguise taste supposition stranger fitzroy simpson caused curry served trainer family night surely monstrous coincidence suppose happened powdered opium night dish happened served disguise
clear run seventy minutes holmes remarked want hall tell friend interesting experience exactly told detail hear succession events case watson prove prove presents unusual features dear interrupt young companion looked twinkle eye worst story show confounded fool course don lost crib exchange feel soft johnny telling story dr watson woodhouse drapers gardens let early spring venezuelan loan doubt remember nasty cropper gave ripping testimonial smash course clerks turned adrift twenty tried tried lots chaps lay perfect frost
vast impression brother arthur pretty shrewd judge swears london birmingham follow advice pray consider definitely engaged duties asked eventually manage depot paris pour flood english crockery shops hundred thirty agents france purchase completed week remain birmingham answer took big red book drawer directory paris trades names want home mark hardware sellers addresses greatest surely classified lists suggested reliable system stick let lists monday twelve continue show zeal intelligence find company master hotel big book arm conflicting feelings breast hand definitely engaged hundred pounds pocket look offices absence wall points strike business left bad impression position employers money settled task
trevor stood slowly fixed large blue eyes strange wild stare pitched forward face cloth dead faint imagine watson shocked son attack undid collar sprinkled water finger glasses face gave gasp sat ah boys forcing smile hope haven frightened strong look weak place heart knock don manage holmes detectives fact fancy children hands line sir word seen recommendation exaggerated estimate ability prefaced believe watson thing feel profession merest hobby moment concerned sudden illness host think hope pain certainly touched tender point ask spoke half jesting fashion look terror lurked eyes simplicity
firmly convinced watson separate mysteries read ritual aright hold hand clue lead truth concerning butler maid howells turned energies servant anxious master formula evidently saw escaped generations country squires expected personal advantage affected fate perfectly obvious reading ritual measurements refer spot rest document alluded find spot fair knowing secret thought curious fashion guides start oak elm oak question front house left hand side drive stood patriarch oaks magnificent trees seen ritual drawn drove past norman conquest probability answered girth twenty feet fixed points secured elms asked yonder struck lightning ten ago cut stump
days later baker street evident friend change thought week springtime country full attractions friend colonel professional care afghanistan house surrey frequently asked visit occasion remarked friend glad extend hospitality diplomacy needed holmes understood establishment bachelor allowed fullest freedom fell plans week return lyons colonel roof fine soldier seen soon found expected holmes plenty common evening arrival sitting colonel gun room dinner holmes stretched sofa looked firearms suddenly pistols upstairs case alarm alarm yes scare part lately acton county house broken monday damage fellows large clue asked holmes eye colonel
pained mistake knew keenly holmes feel slip kind speciality accurate fact recent illness shaken incident show obviously embarrassed instant inspector raised eyebrows alex cunningham burst laugh gentleman corrected mistake handed paper holmes printed soon think idea excellent holmes put slip paper carefully pocket book thing house erratic burglar carry entering holmes examination door forced evident chisel strong knife thrust lock forced marks wood pushed don bars asked found don dog yes chained side house servants bed ten understand william bed hour yes singular night glad kindness show house cunningham stone flagged passage kitchens branching led wooden staircase directly floor house
glancing incoherent series memoirs endeavoured illustrate mental peculiarities friend sherlock holmes struck difficulty experienced picking examples answer purpose cases holmes performed tour de force analytical reasoning demonstrated peculiar methods investigation facts slight commonplace feel justified laying public hand frequently happened concerned research facts remarkable dramatic character share determining pronounced biographer wish small matter chronicled heading study scarlet later connected loss gloria scott serve examples threatening historian business write part friend played sufficiently accentuated train circumstances remarkable bring omit entirely series close rainy august blinds half drawn holmes lay curled sofa reading re reading letter received morning post term service india trained stand heat cold thermometer hardship
russian nobleman resident england runs glad avail professional assistance dr percy trevelyan victim attacks known dr trevelyan authority proposes call quarter past tomorrow evening dr trevelyan convenient home letter interested deeply chief difficulty study rareness disease believe consulting room appointed hour page showed patient elderly thin demure commonplace means conception forms russian nobleman struck appearance companion tall young surprisingly handsome dark fierce face limbs chest hercules hand arm entered helped chair tenderness expected appearance excuse coming doctor speaking english slight lisp father health matter overwhelming importance touched filial anxiety care remain consultation cried gesture horror painful express father dreadful seizures convinced survive nervous system exceptionally sensitive
young imp found dr trevelyan maid cook searching holmes shrugged shoulders played unimportant part drama ascended stair tiptoe elder younger unknown rear dear holmes ejaculated question advantage learning night ascended room door found locked help wire forced round key lens perceive scratches ward pressure applied entering room proceeding gag asleep paralysed terror unable cry walls thick conceivable shriek utter unheard secured evident consultation sort held nature judicial proceeding lasted cigars smoked older sat wicker chair cigar holder younger sat yonder knocked ash chest drawers fellow paced think sat upright bed absolutely ended taking hanging
lay perfect view inside room movements lit candles stand mantlepiece proceeded turn corner carpet neighbourhood door presently stooped picked square piece board left enable plumbers joints gas pipes covered matter fact joint pipe supplies kitchen underneath hiding place drew cylinder paper pushed board rearranged carpet blew candles walked straight arms stood waiting window viciousness gave credit master joseph flew knife grass cut knuckles upper hand looked murder eye finished listened reason gave papers let wired full particulars forbes morning quick catch bird shrewdly suspect finds nest empty government fancy lord percy phelps affair police court god gasped client
professor fenced round safeguards cunningly devised impossible evidence convict court law powers dear watson end months forced confess met antagonist intellectual equal horror crimes lost admiration skill trip trip afford close chance starting point woven net round ready close days say monday matters ripe professor principal members gang hands police greatest criminal trial century clearing forty mysteries rope move prematurely understand slip hands moment knowledge professor moriarty wily saw step took draw toils round strove break headed tell friend detailed account silent contest written place brilliant bit thrust parry history detection
appeal impossible refuse request fellow dying strange land scruples leaving holmes finally agreed retain young swiss messenger guide companion returned friend stay fall walk slowly hill rejoin evening turned saw holmes rock arms folded gazing rush waters destined bottom descent looked impossible position fall curving path winds shoulder hill leads remember walking rapidly black figure clearly outlined green noted energy walked passed mind hurried errand hour reached standing porch hotel hurrying trust worse look surprise passed face quiver eyebrows heart turned lead breast write pulling letter pocket sick englishwoman hotel
honourable ronald adair son earl governor australian colonies adair mother returned australia undergo operation cataract son ronald daughter hilda living park lane youth moved society known enemies vices engaged miss edith engagement broken mutual consent months sign left profound feeling rest moved narrow conventional circle habits quiet nature unemotional easy going young aristocrat death strange unexpected form hours ten eleven twenty night march ronald adair fond cards playing continually stakes hurt member baldwin cavendish bagatelle card clubs shown dinner death played rubber whist club played afternoon evidence played murray sir john hardy colonel moran showed game whist fairly equal fall cards adair lost pounds fortune considerable loss affect played nearly club cautious player rose winner
shadow moved cried longer profile turned certainly smoothed temper impatience active intelligence course moved farcical watson erect obvious dummy expect sharpest europe deceived room hours mrs hudson change figure times quarter hour works front shadow seen ah drew breath shrill excited intake dim light saw head thrown forward attitude rigid attention street absolutely deserted crouching doorway longer dark save brilliant yellow screen front black figure outlined centre utter silence heard thin sibilant note spoke intense suppressed excitement instant later pulled blackest corner room felt warning hand lips fingers clutched quivering known friend moved dark street stretched lonely motionless suddenly aware keener senses distinguished low stealthy sound ears direction baker street house lay concealed
later press john hector actually arrested charge murder jonas warrant issued sinister developments investigation signs struggle room unfortunate builder known french windows bedroom ground floor found open marks bulky object dragged wood pile finally asserted charred remains found charcoal ashes fire police theory sensational crime committed victim clubbed death bedroom papers rifled dead body dragged ignited hide traces crime conduct criminal investigation left experienced hands inspector scotland yard clues accustomed energy sagacity sherlock holmes listened closed eyes fingertips remarkable account case certainly points interest languid fashion ask place liberty appears evidence justify arrest live torrington lodge blackheath parents holmes night business late jonas stayed hotel business knew affair train read heard
study proved small chamber lined sides books writing table facing ordinary window looked garden attention body unfortunate squire huge frame lay stretched room disordered dress showed hastily aroused sleep bullet fired front remained body penetrating heart death certainly instantaneous painless powder marking dressing gown hands according country surgeon lady stains face hand absence means presence mean holmes powder badly fitting cartridge happens spurt backward fire shots leaving sign suggest body removed suppose doctor recovered bullet wounded lady operation cartridges revolver fired wounds inflicted bullet accounted holmes account bullet obviously struck edge window turned suddenly thin finger pointing hole drilled lower window sash inch bottom george cried inspector looked wonderful country doctor certainly sir shot fired person present
flaw happiness arrival red visit week months dreadful person bully infinitely worse odious love boasted wealth married finest diamonds london finally seized arms dinner strong swore let kissed carruthers tore turned host knocking cutting face open end visit imagine carruthers apologized assured exposed insult seen holmes special thing caused ask advice saturday forenoon ride bicycle station order town road grange lonely spot lies mile heath side woods lie round hall find lonely track road rare meet cart peasant reach high road hill
cried guide rushed glade holmes heels approached lady staggered trunk tree support williamson clergyman bowed mock politeness bully advanced shout brutal exultant laughter beard bob pals able introduce mrs guide answer singular snatched dark beard disguised threw ground disclosing sallow clean shaven face raised revolver covered young ruffian advancing dangerous riding crop swinging hand yes ally bob carruthers woman righted swing told molested lord word re late wife widow revolver cracked saw blood spurt front waistcoat spun round scream fell hideous red face turning suddenly dreadful mottled pallor clad burst string foul oaths heard pulled revolver raise looking barrel holmes weapon friend coldly drop pistol
james contact fellow hayes tenant mine james acted agent fellow rascal beginning extraordinary james intimate taste low company james determined kidnap lord service remember wrote arthur james opened letter inserted note asking arthur meet wood called ragged shaw school dutchess boy evening james bicycled telling confessed told arthur met wood mother longed awaiting moor wood midnight find horse poor arthur fell trap appointment found fellow hayes led pony arthur mounted set appears james heard yesterday pursued hayes struck pursuer stick died injuries hayes brought arthur public house fighting cock confined upper room care mrs hayes kindly woman entirely control brutal husband holmes affairs saw days ago idea truth
outhouse simplest dwellings wooden walled shingle roofed window door side stanley hopkins drew key pocket stooped lock paused look attention surprise face tampering doubt fact woodwork cut scratches showed white paint instant holmes examining window tried force failed poor burglar extraordinary thing inspector swear marks yesterday evening curious person village suggested unlikely dare set foot grounds try force cabin think homes think fortune kind mean person probable expecting find door open tried blade small manage night tool say fault receive let inside cabin traces tragedy removed furniture room stood night crime hours intense concentration holmes examined object turn face showed quest successful
illustrious client piteous case hands lady eva blackwell beautiful debutante season married fortnight earl fiend imprudent letters imprudent watson worse written young squire country suffice break match send letters earl large sum money paid commissioned meet terms instant clatter rattle street looking saw stately carriage pair brilliant lamps gleaming glossy haunches noble chestnuts footman opened door small stout shaggy astrakhan overcoat descended minute later room charles augustus fifty large intellectual head round plump hairless face perpetual frozen smile keen gray eyes gleamed brightly broad gold rimmed glasses pickwick benevolence appearance marred insincerity fixed smile hard glitter restless penetrating eyes voice smooth suave countenance advanced plump hand extended murmuring regret missed visit holmes disregarded outstretched hand looked face granite smile broadened shrugged shoulders removed overcoat folded deliberation chair took seat
met evening furnished information concerning prisoner appeared unknown known ne er italian colony skilful sculptor earned honest living evil courses jail petty theft heard stabbing fellow countryman talk english perfectly reasons destroying unknown refused answer questions subject police discovered hands engaged class establishment information knew holmes listened polite attention knew clearly thoughts detected mixture mingled uneasiness expectation beneath mask wont assume started chair eyes brightened ring bell minute later heard steps stairs elderly red faced grizzled side whiskers ushered hand carried fashioned carpet bag table sherlock holmes friend bowed smiled reading suppose yes sir fear late trains awkward wrote bust possession exactly letter
lecturer unlocked outer door ushered room stood entrance holmes examination carpet afraid signs hope dry servant recovered left chair say chair window table finished carpet let table course happened clear entered took papers sheet sheet central table carried window table courtyard effect escape matter fact entered side door ah mind let strips finger impressions carried copied contraction quarter hour tossed seized midst return caused hurried retreat hurried replace papers tell aware hurrying feet stair entered outer door say wrote furiously broke pencil observe sharpen interest watson
wind howled screamed windows holmes drew closer fire young inspector slowly point point developed singular narrative search england don suppose find household contained freer influences weeks pass past garden gate professor buried existed young smith knew neighbourhood lived employer women house mortimer gardener wheels bath chair army crimean excellent character live house roomed cottage end garden find grounds place gate garden hundred yards main london chatham road opens latch prevent walking give evidence susan person say positive matter forenoon eleven twelve engaged moment hanging curtains upstairs front bedroom professor bed weather bad seldom rises midday housekeeper busied house willoughby smith bedroom sitting room maid heard moment pass passage descend study immediately
screamed struck brought theresa room bottle wine sideboard opened poured mary lips half dead shock took drop theresa cool ice plot mine burglars thing theresa repeating story mistress swarmed cut rope bell lashed chair frayed end rope look natural wonder burglar cut gathered plates pots silver carry idea robbery left orders give alarm quarter hour start dropped silver pond feeling real night truth truth holmes costs neck holmes smoked silence crossed room shook visitor hand think word true word acrobat sailor bell rope bracket sailor knots cord fastened chair
illustrious visitors departed holmes lit pipe silence sat lost deepest thought opened morning paper immersed sensational crime occurred london night friend gave exclamation sprang feet laid pipe mantelpiece yes approaching situation desperate hopeless sure passed hands question money fellows british treasury market buy means penny income tax conceivable fellow hold bids side tries luck capable playing bold game la eduardo lucas glanced morning paper eduardo lucas street yes murdered house night friend astonished course adventures sense exultation realized completely astonished stared amazement snatched paper hands paragraph engaged reading rose chair crime mysterious character committed night street fashioned secluded rows eighteenth century houses lie river abbey shadow tower houses parliament
european secretary burst excitedly room news holmes news cried hopes ah thank heaven face radiant prime minister lunching share hopes nerves steel slept terrible event jacobs ask prime minister dear fear matter politics join minutes dining room prime minister manner subdued gleam eyes bony hands shared excitement young colleague understand report holmes negative friend answered inquired point sure danger apprehended holmes live forever volcano definite hopes getting think matter convinced letter left house holmes certainly public order house convinced leave dispatch box convinced leave dispatch box holmes joking ill timed assurance left box examined box tuesday morning
famous scientific criminal famous crooks watson holmes murmured voice say unknown public touch distinct touch cried holmes developing unexpected vein humour watson learn guard calling moriarty criminal uttering libel eyes law lie glory wonder greatest schemer organizer deviltry controlling brain underworld brain marred destiny nations aloof general suspicion immune criticism admirable management words uttered hale court emerge pension wounded character celebrated author dynamics asteroid book rarefied heights pure mathematics scientific press capable criticizing foul mouthed doctor professor respective roles genius watson spared lesser surely exclaimed devoutly speaking ah yes called link chain attachment sound link
dramatic moments friend existed overstatement say shocked excited amazing announcement tinge cruelty singular composition undoubtedly callous stimulation emotions dulled intellectual perceptions exceedingly active trace horror felt curt declaration face showed quiet interested composure chemist sees crystals falling position solution remarkable remarkable don surprised interested mac surprised surprised receive anonymous communication quarter important warning danger threatens person hour learn danger actually materialized person dead interested observe surprised short sentences explained inspector facts letter cipher macdonald sat chin hands sandy eyebrows bunched yellow tangle going morning ask cared friend say london think holmes hang holmes cried inspector papers full mystery mystery london prophesied crime occurred
idea game rate holmes smile case help ends justice police separated official force separated wish score expense white mason claim give results complete stages sure honoured presence show white mason cordially dr watson comes hope place book walked quaint village street row elms side ancient stone pillars weather stained lichen bearing summits shapeless rampant lion short walk winding drive sward oaks sees rural england sudden turn low house dingy liver coloured brick lay fashioned garden cut yews side approached wooden drawbridge beautiful broad moat luminous quicksilver cold winter sunshine centuries flowed past manor house centuries births country dances meetings fox hunters strange age dark business cast shadow venerable walls
ago contracted intimacy william ancient huguenot family wealthy series misfortunes reduced want avoid mortification consequent disasters left orleans city forefathers took residence sullivan island charleston south carolina island singular consists sea sand miles breadth point exceeds quarter mile separated mainland scarcely perceptible creek oozing wilderness reeds slime favorite resort marsh hen vegetation supposed scant trees magnitude seen western extremity fort stands miserable frame buildings summer fugitives charleston dust fever found bristly palmetto island exception western point line hard white beach sea coast covered dense undergrowth sweet myrtle prized horticulturists england shrub attains height fifteen twenty feet forms impenetrable coppice burdening air fragrance inmost recesses coppice eastern remote end island built small hut occupied mere accident acquaintance soon ripened friendship excite interest esteem
reaching wharf noticed scythe spades apparently lying bottom boat embark meaning inquired massa spade true de de spade massa sis pon buying de town de lot money em mysterious massa going scythes spades dat dan don tis dan cum ob de bug finding satisfaction obtained jupiter intellect absorbed de bug stepped boat sail fair strong breeze soon ran cove northward fort walk miles brought hut afternoon arrived awaiting eager expectation grasped hand nervous alarmed strengthened suspicions entertained countenance pale deep set eyes glared unnatural lustre inquiries respecting health asked knowing say obtained lieutenant yes replied coloring violently morning tempt part jupiter
driving peg nicety ground precise spot beetle fell friend produced pocket tape measure fastening end point trunk tree nearest peg unrolled till reached peg unrolled direction established points tree peg distance fifty feet jupiter clearing brambles scythe spot attained peg driven centre rude circle feet diameter taking spade giving jupiter begged set digging quickly speak truth especial relish amusement moment willingly declined night coming felt fatigued exercise saw mode escape fearful disturbing poor friend equanimity refusal depended jupiter aid hesitation attempting lunatic home force assured negro disposition hope assist circumstances personal contest master doubt infected innumerable southern superstitions money buried phantasy received confirmation finding jupiter maintaining bug real gold
play enigma expound secret effected miracle true admitted undisputed indisputable miracle put definite end infidelity converted orthodox carnal minded ventured sceptical event sorry discuss tone unsuitable levity occurred summer wealthiest respectable citizens borough missing days circumstances gave rise suspicion foul play set early saturday morning horeseback avowed intention proceeding city fifteen miles distant returning night hours departure horse returned saddle bags strapped starting animal wounded covered mud circumstances naturally gave rise alarm friends missing found sunday morning appearance borough arose en masse look body foremost energetic instituting search bosom friend charles universally called charley charley
repeat fact larger portion truth sprung collateral accordance spirit principle involved fact divert inquiry present case trodden hitherto unfruitful ground event contemporary circumstances surround ascertain validity affidavits examine newspapers generally field investigation strange comprehensive survey propose public prints afford minute points establish direction inquiry pursuance dupin suggestion scrupulous examination affair affidavits result firm conviction validity consequent innocence st meantime friend occupied minuteness altogether scrutiny newspaper files end week extracts half ago disturbance similar present caused disappearance marie roget monsieur le blanc royal end week re appeared customary exception slight paleness altogether usual monsieur le blanc mother merely visit friend country affair speedily hushed
ill fated mysterious bewildered brilliancy thine imagination fallen flames thine youth fancy behold thee thy form hath risen thou art cold valley shadow shouldst magnificent meditation city dim visions thine venice star beloved elysium sea wide windows palaces look deep bitter meaning secrets silent waters yes repeat thou shouldst surely worlds thoughts thoughts multitude speculations speculations sophist call thy conduct question blame thee thy visionary hours denounce occupations wasting thine everlasting energies venice beneath covered archway called di met fourth person speak confused recollection bring mind circumstances meeting remember ah forget deep midnight bridge sighs beauty woman genius romance stalked narrow canal night unusual gloom clock sounded hour italian evening square lay silent deserted lights ducal palace dying fast returning home grand canal
german book es sich nicht permit read secrets permit told die nightly beds wringing hands ghostly confessors looking piteously eyes die despair heart convulsion throat account mysteries suffer revealed alas conscience takes burden heavy horror thrown grave essence crime ago closing evening autumn sat large bow window coffee house london months ill health convalescent returning strength found happy moods precisely converse moods keenest film mental division departs os gr intellect electrified surpasses greatly everyday condition vivid candid reason mad flimsy rhetoric gorgias merely breathe enjoyment derived positive pleasure legitimate sources pain felt calm inquisitive interest thing cigar mouth newspaper lap amusing greater part afternoon poring advertisements observing promiscuous company room peering smoky panes street
admitted hesitation peculiar gloom afflicted traced natural capable origin severe continued illness evidently approaching dissolution tenderly beloved sister sole companion relative earth bitterness forget leave hopeless frail ancient race ushers spoke lady madeline called passed remote portion apartment noticed presence disappeared regarded utter astonishment dread found impossible account feelings sensation stupor oppressed eyes retreating steps door length closed glance sought eagerly countenance brother buried face hands perceive ordinary overspread emaciated fingers trickled passionate tears disease lady madeline baffled skill physicians settled apathy gradual wasting person frequent transient affections partially character diagnosis hitherto steadily borne pressure malady finally bed closing evening arrival house succumbed brother told night inexpressible agitation power destroyer learned glimpse obtained person obtain lady living seen
remain brow hill survey scene feet clear wandered road village travellers excuse open gate inquire events ado proceeded road passing gate lie natural ledge sloping gradually face north eastern cliffs led foot northern precipice bridge round eastern gable front door progress took notice sight houses obtained turned corner gable mastiff bounded stern silence eye air tiger held hand token amity knew dog proof appeal courtesy shut mouth wagged tail absolutely offered paw afterward extending bell discernible rapped stick door stood half open instantly figure advanced threshold young woman twenty age slender slight medium height approached modest decision step altogether indescribable surely found perfection natural contradistinction artificial grace impression vivid enthusiasm
fully completed arrangements filled chamber explained wanted ten minutes clock period employed endured terrible distress difficulty respiration bitterly repent negligence fool guilty putting moment matter importance length accomplished soon began reap benefit invention breathed perfect freedom ease agreeably surprised find measure relieved violent pains hitherto tormented slight headache accompanied sensation distention wrists ankles throat nearly complain evident greater part uneasiness attending removal atmospheric pressure actually worn expected pain endured hours attributed altogether effects deficient respiration twenty minutes clock say short prior closing mouth chamber mercury attained limit ran barometer mentioned extended construction altitude part feet twenty miles surveyed extent earth area amounting hundred twentieth part entire
dear friend sins suffer gossiping letter tell distinctly going punish tedious discursive incoherent unsatisfactory cooped dirty balloon hundred canaille bound pleasure excursion funny idea pleasure prospect touching terra firma month talk correspond friends perceive write letter account sins ready spectacles mind annoyed mean write odious voyage invention visit human forever doomed thousand inconveniences balloon contrive expeditious mode progress jog trot movement thinking positive torture word hundred miles hour leaving home birds beat assure exaggerate motion doubt slower actually account objects estimate velocity account going wind sure meet balloon chance perceiving rate admit things bad
innumerable images gloom oppressed dreams select record solitary vision immersed trance usual duration profundity suddenly icy hand forehead impatient gibbering voice whispered word arise ear sat erect darkness total figure aroused call mind period fallen trance locality lay remained motionless busied endeavors collect thought cold hand grasped fiercely wrist shaking petulantly gibbering voice arise bid thee arise demanded art thou regions inhabit replied voice mournfully mortal fiend merciless pitiful thou dost feel shudder teeth chatter speak night night end insufferable thou tranquilly sleep rest cry agonies sights bear thee outer night let unfold thee graves spectacle woe behold looked unseen figure grasped wrist caused thrown open graves mankind issued faint phosphoric radiance decay innermost recesses view shrouded bodies sad solemn slumbers worm
irregularities ground traversing hid sea intervals sight fairly view hundred yards distant emerged open beach saw dismay immense crowd natives pouring village visible quarters island making gesticulations extreme fury howling wild beasts point turning steps trying secure retreat rougher ground discovered bows canoes projecting large rock ran water ran speed reaching found unguarded freight large turtles usual supply paddles sixty rowers instantly took possession forcing captive board pushed sea strength command fifty yards shore sufficiently calm perceive oversight guilty leaving canoe power savages beach rapidly advancing pursuit lost hope forlorn doubtful utmost exertion anticipate taking possession canoe chance
country family say ill usage length driven estranged hereditary wealth afforded education common order contemplative turn mind enabled stores early study garnered things works german moralists gave delight ill advised admiration eloquent madness ease habits rigid thought enabled detect reproached aridity genius deficiency imagination imputed crime opinions times rendered notorious strong relish physical philosophy fear mind common error age mean habit referring occurrences susceptible reference principles science person liable led severe precincts truth superstition thought proper premise incredible tale tell considered raving crude imagination positive experience mind fancy dead letter nullity spent foreign travel sailed port batavia rich populous island java voyage archipelago islands passenger inducement kind nervous restlessness haunted fiend
madame eugenie simpson sober fact grandmother youth beautiful eighty retained majestic height sculptural contour head fine eyes grecian nose girlhood aid pearl powder rouge false hair false teeth false skilful paris contrived hold respectable footing beauties en passes french metropolis respect regarded equal celebrated de immensely wealthy left widow children bethought existence america purpose making heir paid visit united states company distant exceedingly lovely relative husband madame stephanie opera grandmother attention arrested notice surveying eye glass struck family resemblance interested knowing heir sought actually city inquiries party respecting gentleman attended knew person told information obtained induced renew scrutiny scrutiny emboldened behaved absurd manner detailed returned bow impression odd accident discovered identity
fog wouldn happened morning july foggy foggy misty difficult william smith pilot engine worried received message airport york city close told empire building lay hidden fog pilot smith tallest building minutes path office workers heard plane low knew put fears words happened happened thunderous noise heard miles plane struck empire building tearing twenty foot hole side feet city streets smoke flame covered top building gasoline poured offices steel beams broke match sticks motor going walls side building part wing landed block glass stones pieces plane dropped distant street floor empire building raced safety trapped smoke flames luck pilot plane killed altogether fourteen dead fog wouldn happened morning july foggy
louis wasn twelve boys strong pick rock louis picked big boulder strong lift branch louis lifted tree louis guess strength louis young large wagon stuck mud matter horses pulled wagon wouldn move owner tears louis offered help louis quickly loaded wagon hands knees raised wagon free clear feather breeze louis grew older grew stronger raise pounds floor finger folded arms chest horses pull ropes tied arms horses try horses couldn pull arms louis pushed train car help engine louis showed strength boston asked eighteen large sit platform louis platform raised eighteen platform air pounds talk strong lost weight lifting match pound cried louis
seen bird asleep standing head looking kiwi strange bird zealand kiwi act birds fly fact act animal face earth mother nature mind created kiwi actually kiwi sleep standing head rests position kiwi puts bill ground leans sleeping habits strange birds sleep night roosting trees friend kiwi sleeps brightest hours sleeping tree sleeps curled ball ground kiwi lays eggs birds mother kiwi sit eggs hatch guess daddy kiwi sit eggs mother kiwi walks looking worms snails egg bit amazing bird animal lays larger egg size fourth size mother birds covered feathers strange friend kiwi feathers thin kiwi looks covered hair
monday morning mama woke announced listen tata thursday advised stop weeping prepare return sure farmer cheese kind adores poor mother wept lost son law daughter crazy mama house shined top bottom larder stocked tata favorite foods thursday tata returned mama predicted preparing surprise stopped mother law house grandmother opened door took look ghost screamed dear lord didn cheese took mama psychic powers granted tata told walked village village battalion disbanded survived told home dressed blanket beret head pretending mad tata narrow escapes home russians allied germany occupied confiscated family business property evict house garden servants left miss rachel married
dining room father sat floor shoulders sagged looked dull unseeing eyes single morning perfect june young father looking father deliberately soldiers authority tell asked father permission mother nodded patted hand mother changed composed groomed face flushed beautiful crown braids tumbling huge mahogany wardrobe bureaus immaculate order wild disarray dresses slipped hangers lay crumbled floor lingerie spilled drawers mother feverishly piling clothes bed zigzagging bureaus wardrobe bed asked finished gathering things wanted desperately busy frightening ask father busy hid face knew close tears tears rules house shared joys hid sorrows hard discipline cruel couldn cry want find guess mother amused
crowd sighed victims tyranny needed authority tell began select bunks minimum confusion mood fussy father told climb rickety ladder upper bunk stayed look traveling companions fellow capitalists possibly imagined studying uncover secret villainy bring sanity harsh insanity saw added bewilderment peering braids saw villainous peasants women shawls cotton jackets trousers resembled riding breeches saw polish peasants rich capitalist yanked land toted belongings sacks shawls cardboard boxes saw reflected stricken faces mutual shock later learned reports million poles deported class enemies train jolted violently began move scrambled upper bunk crawled corner holes window hole cattle car presented maternal grandmother family heirloom oldest seat jewish culture eastern europe jerusalem europe place ancestors distinguished
taking care egg awful chore trouble thing big poor hen couldn handle hen sits eggs keeps turning warmed evenly guess anyway pop says re writing granted read start explaining skip part suppose lived city wouldn hen takes care eggs things guess pop advice explain things talking newspaper hen couldn budge big egg times turn piled straw help warm managed pretty daytime kind busy luckily school don think cut fishing terrible sooner loon lake rowboat throw couple sunfish caught mistake cut home home turn egg
patient hen seen sitting egg weeks shown signs giving admit begun slack bit end job turned egg times morning evening feed chickens lunchtime beginning lose interest guess weather warm figured didn turned maybe hen didn need sit nights darn faithful feel kind mean think giving thing wasn complaining put lot anyway fishing didn mind chores home swept print shop melted slugs pick rod bait head loon lake morning joe champigny falls truck father load lumber lake rowboat sandy cove road hot morning slipped pants shirt swim started fishing
week slowly look egg half hour guess dr ziemer egg maybe hatching getting pretty anxious going happen looked nest egg lying month half hen beginning look kind bored didn care thing hatched bad sign quit end sight hen walked job think sat egg saturday news egg times morning mom watched pot boils nate figure grownups patient things dinner sit pop looking nate don want heart set thing eager re going hard hit thing hatch kind suspect re running borrowed anyway heard egg took weeks dr ziemer hatch week
ouch yelped caveman burned tongue broth yum yum exclaimed mrs caveman bit juicy mammoth steak bow wow cooed baby caveman dog choice bone began language think think language began think learned speak words making noises showed pain pleasure excitement sounds eventually stand feelings ideas family friends saw heard experienced things uttered sounds knows say ouch yum yum words express ideas feelings inherited language borrowed languages grown centuries words words language scientists define words meaningful noises say noises symbolize stand word dog stands kind animal say words units sounds letters communicate ideas define word word important recognize word tool meaning generally agreed listener reader understand word stands communication occur ways words notes musician paint artist
dog woke shivering cold cat distance belly ground tail twitching excitedly stalking breakfast stealing morning air familiar smell smoke cooking beckoning irresistibly mists rolling valley pale sun lighting sky dog windbreak tall norway pines farmhouse door memory short human beings rightful pedestals dog food hands whined plaintively louder whine cats appeared barn nearby glared tiger eyed resentment put instant flight pressing business chose ignore door swung open wondrous smell bacon eggs surged terrier drew heavy artillery charm ingratiating wag tail glued ears wrinkled nose preparation disastrous winning leer astonished silence broken deep amused voice owner voice surveying odd visitor eyes rolled disappeared head called house answered pleasant warm voice woman sound footsteps tail increased tempo
sudana certainly look sick wrong inside tons flesh bone big african elephant leaning actually leaning thing usual sturdy steel bars front compartment elephant house enormous ears folded neck shoulders flap greeting friend doctor ominous restless tail hung straight twitching curved brush hairs tip matter girl sudana bit trouble twenty doctor talked steadily soothingly slowly deliberately sudden motions climbed guardrail reached bars lay hand elephant trunk felt places slipped hand ear length rough body rubbing finished cement warm cement sudana fever high carefully estimating sudana weight doctor decides thousand pounds bulk require medicine dr bridges knows sudana won taste medicine knows tells keeper give sudana water hoping thirsty medicine drinking water
clothes bed slacks real slacks sport shirts colors blue brown tan danny yanked gray coveralls wearing tried light blue turtleneck dark brown slacks fit able find prison uniform small fit wiry frame crossed window looked sixth floor guessed grounds building starting turn green touch early spring patches snow shadows cast buildings dozen buildings big square looking ten floors high couple smaller buildings farther tall smokestack buildings arranged big open lawn cement paths young trees lined walkways beginning bud fences danny windows bars enter leave buildings freely guards locks doors past farthest building area trees danny knew trip morning woods highway led city laurie danny smiled words judge de ter sentence
danny watched half dozen boys pushed doors walked cafeteria laughing wise cracking hello notice danny turning danny headed food corner hallway big open double doorway inside cafeteria noisy busy hundred boys standing line waving big room friends rushing tables trays steaming food talking laughing eating moved freely wanted talking loudly lungs let tables small places spots boys pushed couple tables room bigger group danny remembered dining room prison marched single file ate wooden tables paint wood cracked carved initials fifty worth boys cafeteria sparkling walls tables floors gleamed fresh paint plastic metal wall glass stretch grass young trees took place end food line boys moved quickly talking kidding soon danny taking tray wrapped package spoon knife fork plastic
lunchtime doctors let danny walked campus slowly warmer bright sunshine danny felt pretty remembered failed escape trapped center told figure alarms lunch crowded noisy cafeteria sat smallest table find corner glass wall saw walk group negroes laughing clowning danny finished eating quickly decided find gym didn look cafeteria door big overhead sign arrow elevator library pool game rooms gym walked hall elevator boys going hurrying elevator filled danny squeezed doors slid shut floors specs voice gym library pool hey lou goin swimmin beats takin bath elevator laughed gym top floor elevator door slid open burst noise smells action hit danny basketball game full swing boys shouting ball pounding floorboards referee blasting whistle overhead catwalk completely huge room boys jogging sprinting gray gym suits turning dark sweat
look cried glenda robert boat dog swept past open sea help glenda pleaded robert swam frightened moments collar found struggling current slowly towed dog glenda glenda tucked poodle arms robert grappled problem outgoing current begun continue hours rescuing tiny dog strength pull wife boat knew reach looked tenderly worried eyes expressed confidence boat motor glenda meantime stay afloat boat yards distant looked inch high soon disappear robert sure reach sure glenda survive savage current forcing speak calmly told boat tread water don energy warned moving legs slowly move arms glenda nodded fins help stay afloat robert reassured tired lie face
glenda spoke softly trying comfort dog satisfied began bark frantically claw glenda effort control dog glenda knew hold longer sadly let pet slip arms goodbye glenda whispered small poodle swiftly carried current glenda forced look top wave boat speck horizon robert sight sun sank ocean glenda felt powerful current pulling farther gulf minutes sky grew purple hours darkness dismay glenda felt wind quicken bolt lightning crackled moments storm struck sheets rain lashed whitecaps waves feet high surged head water splashed snorkel gagged warm water grew cold forced move arms legs faster stay afloat began ache mounting dread began wonder survive storm finally hours ended ocean grew calm glow lights appeared horizon search craft heart leaped joy robert reached boat soon rescued safe warm
shore rescue parties organizing final effort believed young woman alive robert recalling glenda words wait searcher feel chance duncan macrae owner motel glenda robert staying spent half century studying local tides currents spite odds success ready try macrae night searching nap dawn dreamed found searching close shore thought farther find body boat dock large liked macrae fueled jim huggins waters joined sped seaward starting point glenda entered water macrae gunned boat west northwest miles ten fifteen sliced whitecaps macrae cut engine gazed shining water watch break pattern waves macrae look shouted young huggins clump floating grass silence emptiness macrae opened throttle boat roared onward eighteen miles twenty stopped drifted
later acrisius priest delphi satisfied daughter child gods refuse give son priest answered quarreled brother family live peace son daughter bear son kill acrisius returned argos determined daughter danae mother court palace prison built underground walls floor ceiling bronze shut inside set fierce dogs guard entrance lived buried cold darkness light warmth sun saw nurse brought food gods things shower golden rain poured bronze roof danae caught lap golden shower stepped zeus king gods prison marriage chamber course danae mother son called perseus days perseus born acrisius walking courtyard heard baby cry prison seized nurse questioned speak
thought plan announced going marry wealthy lady named intend invited palace chief island including perseus wedding present guest bring horse knew fishermen breed horses unlikely living humble cottage afford buy hoped shame perseus quitting island leaving mother feast arrived guests assembled palace courtyard horses splendid harnesses silver gold air rang gaily wedding bells polydectes received perseus gift perseus polydectes sir brought horse money buy brought youth skill perseus mean marry lady mother bring gift ask flash reckless courage added gorgon head bring polydectes quickly perseus change mind perseus regretted words promised impossible gorgons sisters lived end ocean kingdom night heads bodies twined snakes hair
perseus ran sky cut cloud flew mountains valleys wings carry side ocean kingdom night begins gray fields thorn forests gray cliffs sky paths kind landed water edge walked rocks till cave gray twilight saw gray sisters gray cheeks gray hair sitting silence sluggish sea watch turns eye tooth carved rock called suddenly fiercely gray sisters gorgons live heard human voice shuddered trembled shadows pool ruffled wind fumbled eye passed hand hand turn fitted forehead wearing cap darkness daughters graybeard sea gorgons live tell answered perseus sons athene athene enemy cried
general alan carter looked glumly colonel walked carter eyes corners mouth sagged tried bend paper clip manhandling shape flicked hand nearly colonel donald reid calmly sandy hair lay smoothly short graying mustache bristled wore uniform specialists drafted super specialty military rank convenience considering applications field necessity insignia letter small hexagon middle hexagon bore symbol classified case reid marked medical guess general flipping paper clips sure counting hours fool voice rose controlled notch sit hands wet hair sticky heart pounding count hours minutes seventy minutes don seventy minutes re airport nervous wrong picked safely hands hitch safely plane yes carter shook head wasn interested telling interested talking
plane touched smoothly despite grant prediction taxied stop turning secret service contingent closed soldiers leaped troop carrying trucks form plane leaving corridor motorized stairway steering door plane convoy limousines rolled foot stairway owens re piling security colonel lips moved silently astonished owens recognized quick prayer owens glad glad planes blown mid flight door plane opened grant appeared momentarily opening look waved colonel piece anyway answer question grant flattened side let squeeze past stood smiling moment carrying battered suitcase hand trotted gingerly stops grant pilot pilot colonel foot stairs professor glad charge safety point william owens think eyes lit arms high dropped suitcase colonel unobtrusively picked owens yes course drunk night
michaels office grant found looking map circulatory system open mouthed michaels unholy mess map territory mark road junction cross road map intricate road map united states dimensions lord hundred thousand miles blood vessels microscopic won visible considerable magnification put single line times earth prefer nearly half moon sleep grant hours napped plane shape chance eat shave tend matters wish slept held hand soon bad shape complaining heard kind drug yes sleep need rest sleep greater extent stretching comfortably eyes open maybe dreams need dreaming cerebral coordination breaks begin hallucinations eventually death makes dream
live bait need hook put sinker fish waiting figure knot hold hook line leader attached line fasten sinkers foot hook leader feel nibble bait let fish moment try set hook lifting rod tip line merely bait lure fish waiting level line bait casting tapered fly light lure casting kind line strong easily seen fish smooth cast easily leader transparent nylon gut connection line bait lure help fool fish lengths loops ends spool length want feet dry flies feathers tinsel hair mounted tiny hooks represent living insects trout feed dry flies called designed cast water float surface sinking hundreds designs choose ask tackle store older fisherman luck
trolling merely pulling lure moving boat nice easy fish sure fish located big fish especially apt strike lure place rod boat let plenty line able boat moving farther boat lure look fish lure flashing spinner spoon flash splash dart alive boat outboard motor throttle slowly hold rod side motor oars row fast give action lure strip extra line leave coiled seat boat bottom fish strikes chance run stop boat grab rod watch rod tip minute sudden strike lure fishing night approach bank quietly let shadow light night strike water possibly help push sharpened forked stick bank hold rod bob attaching line rings ends rod running ball
fish alive catching tie loop spare line mouth gills let swim attach end line boat bank chafe free fish alive stringing cord passing gills mouth tie small stick crossways end cord cord wish carry fish home pockets cut slender green branch trim twigs bottom string fish twig serve anchor hold place fish board paper fins tail spread wide soft pencil draw carefully outline drawn board saw pencil line jig saw outline paper cut draw paper pattern board saw paint wooden trophy solid color copy colors real fish cover clear varnish varnishing print silhouette kind fish date caught add address add screw eye top fish hanging room sure snapshot fish inexpensive brownie camera snapshot record fish catch interesting collection
bathroom cindy brushed short curly hair horrible thought horrible hair color couldn straight jet black red titian red smiled actress smile cynthia louise hollywood movie star famous titian red hair won oscar night brilliant role juliet movie version romeo juliet beautiful actress received standing ovation accepted huge bouquet red roses stage crash glass breaking kitchen floor startled cindy reverie dammit heard mother exclaim kitchen cindy found mom hands knees clumsily trying wipe orange juice splintered glass cindy reaching paper mother poured glass orange juice cindy wiped mess thought cindy let orange juice mom opened cupboard stove vodka brought table cindy looked don mom coffee eye opener mom mumbled need upper cindy dumped soggy paper trash basket started coffee brother mom heard bathroom cindy poured cereal milk bowl sat opposite mother
cindy watched wove groups kids word smile suddenly cindy froze end hall mother tried duck opposite late mom seen making hall waving calling cindy watched sucked breath mom walking carefully carefully wasn staggering closer cindy noticed blue looked hair combed wore shoes maybe catch cindy wondered mother smell tried hard fact mother drinking dropped friends embarrassing confess friend allow house understood cindy explain met told news mom hugged cindy happily okay mom smelled positively cologne poured bottle proud mom held cindy arm length runs family talent frequently runs families apple fall tree laughed loudly told wildly funny joke
depending season cindy beach friend took movie spent delicious hours library rode bus end line shopped entire huge fashion center home today autumn sky overcast didn golden saturday cindy cleaned room thought plans house stop sunset sounds pick record album flowers sensational group cindy saving latest album today allowance wouldn cover cost maybe mom give extra week listen mutual record collection goof afternoon evening usual saturday night pot roast dinner stay night cindy convince mrs mom feeling fine reason shouldn allowed overnight cindy house heard door slam mom coming home grocery shopping kitchen help put food collect allowance mom put full paper bags table want bring rest began canned goods bags
bridge captain smith tried piece picture equipped thirty service white star senior captain line bearded patriarch worshipped crew passengers alike reaching wheelhouse crash captain smith paused visit starboard wing bridge iceberg sight officer fourth officer trailed thought saw dark shape astern wasn sure business captain smith told find carpenter sound ship wasn bridge ladder bumped carpenter hutchinson rushing hutchinson elbowed gasped making water fast soon bruce arrived pulled suit pajamas put carpet slippers climbed bridge find happening managing director line captain smith broke news iceberg asked think ship seriously damaged pause captain slowly answered afraid soon thomas andrews managing director wolff shipyard belfast titanic builder andrews making maiden voyage iron ship knew detail stories high keel funnel top city blocks capable developing horsepower making knots full speed
steerage passenger found hundreds milled aimlessly forward deck poop deck foot deck staircase number gathered class dining saloon rosaries hands engine room thought getting struggled desperately steam lights lit pumps going boiler room number trimmer george busy putting fires meant power explosion sea reached number job noticed water seeping metal floor plates worked faster reached knees top escape ladder began feel quit mates find conscience clear climbed boats oars splashing glass smooth sea boat eyes glued titanic bright promenade decks rows portholes blazed light boats lining rails hear night air impossible wrong ship bow brilliantly lit stem stern looked sagging birthday cake
slowly night passed dawn slight breeze sprang air frigid sea grew choppy bitter cold waves splashed feet shins knees boat rolled disappeared rest fell silent completely absorbed battle stay alive sea silent saw trace waves rippled smooth atlantic light dawn streaked sky lived thanks remarkable combination initiative luck alcohol hours earlier chief baker charles awakened titanic strange grinding jar heard call general quarters midnight reasoned boats needed provisions needed initiative mustered staff thirteen bakers ransacked titanic larder spare bread bakers trooped topside carrying loaves apiece retired cabin deck port side nip whiskey felt sufficiently fortified stairs boat number ten stage difficult persuade women promenade deck hauled force word threw boat rough effective assigned number ten skipper thought handle boat jumped helped launch
sailed mother brothers rich uncle surprised uncle seldom visited family preferring company chests gold company glaucon embraced saw tears welling eyes wondered tears heart truly aching parting crocodile weep devouring victim grinning jaws mother wept mothers expected endured homeland dim low outline west forgotten sorrows parting smartly pennants sails snapped rippled wind smoothly oars cut water sped eastward island cyprus stop aboard ship course sight land thrilled swelling sea beneath feet ran looking asking questions sailors free slaves soon wearied bade throw sharks place dare father forbidden vermin evil smell rising hold rowers lived chained oars stomach weak
attending father cooked broth cabin aware sudden silence sounds heard creaking hull chanting overseer slaves oars pulling strange quiet shattered seaman shouted pirates pirates dread word brain numb legs trembled stalks wheat wind sense returned sank stool sailor stupid jest warships rome greece believed cleared sea human tigers ships longer carried guards protect father thought danger attack voyage relief ended appeared door clutched support prayed poseidon shaker earth lord sea put thy hand athena goddess wisdom help ship seamen crying pirates pirates bellowing terrified cattle father opened eyes noise asked stupid fear answered father seaman sighted school dolphins fooled looked asked nodded father silent moment voice weak labored demanded obedience
awakened dawn darkness took garment leather sack father pearls size small numbered ten moving quietly feeling found nearest water jar fingers found crack rim sign dropped pearls jar crept mat waited waken sky began pale grating slid chance speak noise roused left bed baskets bread lowered rose start labors egyptian pushed mat nubians passed loaves brought meal meat vegetables bread shared agreed let nubians help today convinced slave bring price lame opened mouth thank alarm froze tongue fool hidden pearls nearest water jar morning light showed green color black choose line fear hands tremble nubian took green jar cracked rim huge water casks fill
house found father mother sad baby brother sick poor father mother ceres goddess things grow knew things picked leaves plant medicine boy soon boy took medicine began laugh play soon father mother happy ceres sad find daughter forgotten making things grow rain fall wheat died fruit green hungry gods goddesses seen happening knew die eat afraid angry goddess venus wicked pluto afraid tell ceres daughter brave told ceres pluto daughter palace darkness earth ceres heard jupiter strongest gods stronger pluto pluto knew magic jupiter wanted
earth started burn grain fields burned trees grasses burned skin earth burned black phaeton pulled reins hard turn horses apollo called jupiter king gods mighty jupiter let earth burn jupiter called gods help stop chariot sun jupiter knew jupiter threw thunderbolt hit phaeton body flew chariot caught fire fell earth earth thought star sky horses sun tired ran home empty chariot apollo sat throne covered head beautiful clothes wept dead son phaeton night earth darkness fell earth cooled stars places rain clouds hiding poured cool rain earth put fires apollo drove chariot sun road awhile fields green trees began grow phaeton mother sisters stopped crying gods turned tall white trees grow river
orpheus heart filled love happiness played lyre sang happiest songs sung walked underworld eurydice walked orpheus crossed black river styx charon glad eurydice spirit noise orpheus began wonder orpheus gates underworld side gates beautiful sun flowers birds sing trees love happy orpheus forgot pluto told looked eurydice eurydice gave cry held arms orpheus minute orpheus ran tried follow spirit charon river styx days nights orpheus stayed gates underworld listen songs find eurydice orpheus earth unhappy soon died spirit underworld spirit eurydice forever gods sorry orpheus eurydice took lyre orpheus played sky stars
large rock side road alan sat took motorcycle helmet knew hurry wanted rest warm sun high sky burning fire alan wearing leather clothes leathers helmet needed hurt fell hot wear wasn riding alan slowly bike lighter clothes pack walked trees change took leathers put clothes took heavy boots put light sport shoes felt sun didn hot put leathers boots pack bike began push bike rest hill top hill stopped pushing bike hard shirt wet hair eyes put bike stand lay rest grass road heavy bike fine riding push wish wasn big alan looks nice town hope think
pinky pounded hand left late told alan alan mouth dry yes stood legs bent ready pinky slowly took step forward moment sound car horn cut air turned police car pulled busy tall policeman wore big hat gun white handles going asked pinky pinky friends policeman turned alan asked blowout alan yeah pinky cut stopped help policeman asked watching alan face alan re friend devils don want staying live town don alan listened saying money policeman asked looking alan stay town money job give tire fixed jail re policeman turned devils look help climb bikes moving
pinky watched pack empty face alan going fight boy smart maybe things mine business messing pinky shook head couldn believe heard re tired rode hundred miles today want sleep alan don bug closed door ready bed alan trouble getting early job broke awake pick pieces dressed breakfast town eating place sharp standing front matt matt yes sir alan answered matt told alan wanted wanted left alan spent rest morning cleaning station stopped care car noon alan stopped rest sat chair front office felt sit car pulled policeman policeman spoke getting town asked
jimmy operating room aunt martha phoned mother office waited arrival mrs carter reached hospital jimmy brought bed head wrapped bandages nose mouth showing dr wallace nurse mrs carter hurried doctor doctor tell truth face badly burned feel critical condition dr wallace told stay asked won sleeping won re aunt martha slipped arm mrs carter doctor sister husband died accident ago jimmy going die doctor smiled walking door days jimmy allowed visitors mother aunt martha hours dragged slowly telling radio earphone attachment routine services floor nurses mummified king today questioned miss moore favorite nurse room morning egyptian slave answered offerings bring delicious pill told think head cut order nectar bring pill
jimmy miss thompson mrs carter standing doorway room morning jimmy hearing miss thompson cheerful voice jimmy sat swung feet side bed morning miss thompson waiting fine miss thompson drew chair sit opposite mom telling don kidding leave acquainted mrs carter turned call want thank miss thompson jimmy kidding want getting dog want going play fellows scout hikes hey going school wait minute miss thompson laughed didn promise guide dog try dog want jimmy asked learn direct love jimmy sure dog school talk mother dog going school learn braille braille jimmy asked language blind talk english miss thompson laughed talk english read write braille
matter jimmy miss thompson close sense presence gently laid hand arm truck jimmy slowly relaxed heard truck pass rattling street thought going hit re sidewalk jimmy re safe don miss thompson scary watch things let lesson jimmy moved slowly end wall stopped found asked driveway wall ends re told jimmy walked side driveway whitneys front yard feels grass slats anderson watching jimmy street join hi jimmy learning walk slats jimmy asked yeah recognized voice jimmy told watching slats learning walk eyes closed jimmy think sure easy slats boasted re walking sidewalk miss thompson suggested give handkerchief let blindfold try slats wasn sure liked couldn blindfolded started swaggering street took steps stopped slats miss thompson encouraged easy
spider web stronger looks thin delicate strands web easily broken web torn insects kick spider rebuild full holes charlotte liked weaving late afternoon fern liked sit nearby watch afternoon heard interesting conversation witnessed strange event hairy legs charlotte wilbur spider busily worked task legs hairy reason replied charlotte leg mine sections femur tibia tarsus wilbur sat bolt upright re kidding say names didn catch femur tibia tarsus goodness wilbur looking chubby legs don think legs sections charlotte lead lives don spin web takes real leg spin web tried wilbur boasting tried let charlotte fern chuckled softly eyes grew wide love pig replied wilbur coach spin lot fun spin web start deep breath charlotte smiling
spin web wilbur advise put idea mind lack things needed spinning web asked wilbur sadly lack set spinnerets lack cheer don need web zuckerman supplies big meals worry trapping food wilbur sighed re cleverer brighter charlotte guess trying show serves templeton untied string took home charlotte returned weaving feel badly wilbur creatures spin webs spiders think re pretty try hear bridge wilbur shook head web sort replied charlotte took build goodness starved death waiting web single evening catch bridge bugs asked wilbur charlotte don catch trotting bridge thinking side hang head top thing wait quietly maybe rush rush rush minute
warm rainy night high rafters deserted barn brown bat born mother bat caught baby wide wings wrapped wings close baby tiny naked newborn bat snuggled mother warm body began nurse mother hung roof corner barn large family bats sixty members bat family counting sixty uncles aunts brothers sisters cousins hanging upside high rafters barn mother bat moved family cozy darkness musty smell hay drifted hayloft bats pressed close warmth comfort falling rain soft whispering sound roof soon stomach full milk burrowed mother soft fur slept spring rain bats leave barn night rain stopped evening bats started usual hunt food water fluttering flapping wide wings bats flew open door hayloft times circled barn flying high treetops bats sailed wooded hill swooped small lake
judy changed bags judy liked play tricks changed lunches mary didn lunch judy afraid frogs mary opened mouth say thought playing trick play trick lunch judy mary asked plain sandwich judy special give bag bag mary held judy lunch judy opened bag took frog wrapped paper unwrapped looked closely minute knowing let yell jumped tossing frog room lunchroom quiet hear pin drop looking judy jefferson wished leave rider teachers walked asked ask yelled miss jefferson hurt judy frog lunch frightened frog lunch asked rider frogs lunch judy thought lunch frog cut frog cut frog asked rider cut frog lunch bag mary judy changed lunch bags bag frog mary frog lunch
cents bus driver monday afternoon mary snow harness racing stable mary money thought cents mary clothes paper bag carried school morning plan change clothes stable leave end week home washed bus end line mary walked stable ben waiting took look started yelling look clothes girl stable don miss snow thinking minute change ben mary didn ben friendly don need girl sitting stable trying beautiful ben change tack room mary minutes clothes hair want ben asked mary stalls cleaned today keeping ben mary thought unfriendly laugh
ben watching wiped adieu handle colt miss snow ben let cool adieu ben miss snow want mary try snow prince started stopped looked ben won mary knew ben happy couldn snow prince walk pulling training sulky talked colt walked care pulling soon snow prince wanted faster miss snow mary walked colt track times morning snow prince took training miss snow mary want harness snow prince training sulky walk track times afternoon yes miss snow mary trying show excited felt orders mary wiped snow prince walked cool wanted play tricks hold hair working pull snow prince mary think kevin katie liked play tricks tim judy stable pick mary dr rice pickup truck mary meet miss snow ben
follows fisher trail hard adventure imagine rugged maine forest country track fisher thirteen states canada snow deep strap snowshoes awkward soon moving big strides spy animal tracks pairs footprints side side mark snow print inches loose snow front print marks toe pads sharp toenails found trail fisher follow trail places footprints close fisher taking small steps moving slowly places set prints feet fisher bounding swiftly woods fishers hunt daytime re lucky slim dark creature run gracefully snow active night night fisher travel dozen miles fisher trail lead mountain swamp fallen logs stop edge river marking place fisher swam fishers travel stream find beaver dam dry crossing regular routes forest days return ridges swamps mountain ledges
lose fisher trail find circle swamp watch spot fisher left tracks lead mountainside area rocky ledges small caves pause catch breath look wild beauty rocks snow trees suddenly hear sound unh unh unh high nearby tree fisher fishers low grunting noise hiss scream especially bobcat red fox threatens eat food unh unh unh hear sound maker porcupine chewing bark tree trunk fishers eat porcupines predators north america bobcats fishers dare attack porcupines frequently porcupine sides tail protected thirty thousand sharp quills porcupine danger quills body stand straight tail lashes animal attacks porcupine quills blinded unable eat quills stuck mouth tongue starve death fishers carry porcupine quills bodies attacking porcupines quills harm fishers animals claim fisher kills porcupine flipping attacking throat stomach
female fisher mates egg cells body unite sperm cells male fertilized eggs develop weeks stop change midwinter months later begin grow change young fishers born march hundred fifty days parents mated period development unusual animal fisher size equal whales longer humans unborn young martens badgers river otters species weasels interrupted development fisher biologists puzzled reasons delayed growth young unknown helps fisher species survive baby fishers born snug den snow deep temperature inside young fishers warmed mother fur nourished milk birth eyes closed weigh ounce bodies inch naked fine light gray fur backs short high pitched cries newborn kittens weeks fishers covered dark brown fur
harry idea sentence reversed put part sentence longer true sentence oaks trees turn trees oaks false true planets revolve sun turn sentence say things revolve sun planets longer true false idea fascinated decided try examples thought sentence model airplanes toys guess true reflected let turn toys model airplanes reversed sentence false harry delighted tried sentence cucumbers vegetables harry fond cucumbers reverse didn follow vegetables cucumbers course harry thrilled discovery known afternoon avoided awful embarrassment saw lisa lisa class school didn think kids laughed told found able understand lisa funny idea harry announced loudly lisa smiled looked expectantly turn sentences re longer true harry
tony tossed bed night couldn fall asleep tony proud found arithmetic easier kids liked english stories liked grammar actually kids liked grammar tony liked parts sentences put sentence alarm clock spread pieces floor front timmy samuels timmy asking tony arithmetic english homework assignments tony thinking harry discovery happened tried father pa tony remember told engineers math engineer put newspaper took glasses put cigarette ashtray finally answered yes tony look engineers math okay re engineer means means re math nodded agreement tony continued pa follow sentence engineers math engineer happen math asked
tune keeps going head jill record brother keeps playing called saucer appendage fran corrected jill grin sorcerer apprentice jill laughed mistake haunted tune comes trying homework trying sleep sorts times wish shake head dog shakes water friday night fran wood laura mara sleeping jill house dreams laura grandmother sick died dreaming feeling making dream dead dead fran added don think jill looked fran questioningly funny heard record week ago hearing music mind strong impression laura grandmother death simply strong impression dreaming laura shook head moon moon making
don believe ghosts carol told saw tommy asked shook head don ghosts kevin explained hear scared ghosts carol clothes wet don want catch cold tommy didn house sure looked haunted windows broken holes walls suddenly heard loud rush air kevin ducked carol laughed bird owl kevin bring bad luck left carol gave funny look tommy afraid pushed gate hard fell tall grass going opened front door groaned inside dark didn carol felt scared stiff carol eyes cat dark found candles lit wondered place full junk lived lady winter died want asked carol fireplace building fire clothes dry faster room look nicer ghosts kevin door clothes wet stood fire
kevin beginning bother leave raining help clean burned junk dusted place shine looked carol turned smiled kevin say asked heard strange sound carol looked don answered sounded laughing dead kevin scared saw kevin face waiting say told didn give chance suppose ghost ghost mrs winter nice lady says nice ghost laughing carol pointed cleaned house wants carol nodded tommy look rain stopped proves hope kevin let party carol bring things eat drink need music tape player told runs battery lots cassettes let meet wanted try tape player dropped car front house walked quietly door inside talking woman
turned woman think dear don woman house bothers want look need salesman nodded pick car look left waited friends told bad news buy house ghost asked kevin town explained don carol looked held cassette brought fun ghost sounds real scary believe smiled play remote control button ready turn tape player house waited car pulled woman inside started tape player turned loud took minute ran house car left laughed inside believe happened screams filled house walls shook stop carol yelled creeps turned tape player sounds didn stop remembered remote control button ran turned didn
later jon able sit idea happened memory fled ached shivering cold thick jacket trousers heavy woven boots warm narrow cleft broken rock mossy stones ahead bed ferns water trickled spring dazed frightened realized thirsty terribly crawled painfully forward lay face water drank coldness water startled wonderfully sweet satisfying bathed face hands sat looked pondered questions answers felt fallen fallen rocky walls met overhead sloping outward tangle leafy branches question mind carefully tiptoed upsetting approached caused dull aching forehead finally gave head small shake faced squarely didn simply didn terribly wrong trembling feet fled limping shaft sunlight ahead
boots struck edge road bad ankle gave jon fell heap moment afraid truck past noticing headlights beams sweeping curve managed struggle upright moment sank weakly knees dropped staff found stand truck braked suddenly stopped leaned quick concern hey young fellow wrong jon opened mouth soundlessly raised hand heard woman voice say heaven sake children let think boy hurt doors truck flew open stepped driver side boy girl tumbled woman jon saw girl size boy larger older wore jackets blue jeans woman nearer moved slight limp woman reached goodness honey stooping raising gently face hands scraped fall nodded asked hurt badly jon shook head eyes swung quickly woman wore green scarf bright hair
morning jon felt nearly save bump head swellings night ugly bruises vanished sign scratches marred hands face walk easily understand mary bean breakfast saw heal fast heard fast healers special bean liniment thomas lightly carefully hiding surprise jon indian supposed cure poverty rabies wasn poverty restriction sell shop fortune aw dad brooks began sally brightly don rub jon head maybe bring memory jon laughed knew meant funnier laughed looked curiously thomas bean hear laugh jon means voice coming soon memory locate folks paused frowning understand mention radio morning ordinarily mountain country lost hear thing local station search parties wasn word mary bean murmured hope wasn happened gap summer
wondering country live longer grow taller enjoy health obvious reasons suggested pictures left pictures contrast situations today situations early days country ideas pictures suggest healthier today earlier pictures course suggest things helped living healthful today think advances doubt surprise find fascinating subject want continue reading book help learn progress health discuss things need healthier ahead read discover surrounded health services unknown generally unavailable century ago modern health services pictured identify ways family benefited similar health services recently find fascinating stories knowledge equipment health services pictured page stories describe discoveries heroes heroines medicine famous woman picture quiz recognize
london disease known black death bubonic plague started foothold disease encouraged spread wildfire unsanitary conditions streets dirty houses crowded full vermin personal cleanliness unknown scientific knowledge lacking communicable diseases ways spread disease spread epidemic proportions sick dying fast normal burial impossible golden square london marks location plague pits death carts full bodies plague victims emptied contents death rate mounted rapidity struck terror heart forty died june july august september died thirds london inhabitants fled remained kind extreme try ward disease quacks fortunes selling pills called safety plague water guaranteed prevent disease disease struck sellers useless cures crude public health methods adopted contact sick carry white stick streets houses known cases plague marked flag cross painted door method locking infected houses week period tried
knows exactly microscope italian scientist galileo dutch spectacles maker named janssen lived galileo doubt microbes microscope drawings dutch investigator named antony van leeuwenhoek leeuwenhoek born delft holland spent city sixteen apprenticed draper amsterdam tasks examine textiles fine hand lens began turned lifelong hobby examining things lens later leeuwenhoek owned dry goods store business wife family peering manner things lens sheep hair bit dust fly eye moth wing business suffered absorbed hobby took maker spectacles learn grind lenses spare beautiful accurate lenses powerful increase size object times learned grind lenses leeuwenhoek found metalworker willing teach mount lenses
ellen jean benjamin andrews thirty makes youngest mothers class brown hair brown eyes re studying mendel hybrid brown blue brown eyed parent re supposed brown eyed kids blue eyed kids kids family look gotten stuck brown eyes sister blue eyed ape captivity call blue eyed ape ape face short real ben anyway mother brown hair brown eyes mentioned nice straight teeth inherit figure clothes square side prettier mothers stricter thing stand strict food instance makes eat breakfast cereal orange juice toast egg milk vitamin going turn blimp lunch school choices bring bag lunch jelly sandwich tv dinner re cold coke re eat hot meal school hot wouldn give dog dog eats tried fussy room
kids apartment quiet hear breathing small noises sanitation truck grinding street max lapping water kitchen daddy clearing throat rustling times dining room noises ma calls peace quiet give think ordinarily hate peace quiet boring today think speaking ma busy worry worried curious mind body certainly mind ma body definitely matter look ma mind body suppose ma queen elizabeth jackie gloria willa cather willa cather dead yeah think dead hoped enjoying hoped wasn going soon english couldn think hairy turning front hope thought night stay late looked ma nice planned
imagine letting poor cute run shirts decided thing turned tube picked dress tonight shirts found bathroom hamper stuff usual socks couple sweaters bra panty hose pajamas terry cloth wrapper carried kitchen full load big machine room wanting waste electricity generation cares environment threw grimy goodies fliers belonging ape face shirt army navy store shaggy rug belonging max cup half improved cup clorox punch hot water dial found bowl leftover macaroni fridge sit watch rascals doorbell rang expecting wishing robbed splendid peeked burglar hole fainted dead side door stood boris harris boris harris fourteen chestnut hair hazel eyes don tall inches weighs perfect
decide want scientist grow friends decide friends friends friends decision scientists find wants exactly alike course scientists exactly alike differ certainly approach research ways scientists things common seeking explanation observed facts nature express explanations hypotheses statements theory observe describe try explain understand observe understanding observe challenging problem scientists scientist scientist approaches problem bound hard fast rules creative person capable imagination creating ways looking things sees ideas scientists find kinds things creating working things presented alphabetical order chart page things want find things listed
heard expression population explosion term mean describe fantastic rate increase population need food need especially protein growth maintenance bodies increasing numbers protein need scientists working difficult problem step solution researchers visit countries short food determine kinds food eat cheap sources protein readily working chile scientists found bread found quantities fish ocean bordering chile scientists decided try develop bread flour fish flour kind rich protein scientists working perfected process tasteless odorless flour fish flour suitable making bread eat prevent colds difficult caused kinds viruses reason single cold vaccine effective reason scientists give hope solving problem course research scientists discovered virus invades cell cell produces material retards growth virus scientists call material interferon scientists think interferon hold key eventual control colds
living things begin single cells true single celled amoeba celled dog highly developed organisms human body single cells living things develop basically alike perform activities call functions food water oxygen grow move react reproduce single cells develop difference soon appears amoeba remain single cells reproduce divides single celled organisms fertilized human egg cell remain single cells divide cells stay continue divide complex organism developed composed millions cells living things remain single cells living things develop complex organisms cells single egg cell produce kinds cells found developed organism cells function single living thing cells smallest simplest units living matter called building blocks cells discovered observed early microscopes appeared simple structures look cell ordinary microscope today agree complicated instruments powerful electron microscope biologists shown structure cells complex
dream captain shrimp trawler left mexico dream texas worked hard able save money payment feathered serpent roberto worked harder dreamed bank paid serpent belong paying bank important wife died left young son juan lately things going weather hard catches small payments bank juan gave father live older wanted pass juan serpent stand thought giving boat juan loved father wanted learn sea liked read ways catch fish learned read reading books ocean learned things wanted tell father books person learns say looking angry spoke juan help mend nets
turned face water looked juan older eyes began light smiled want eat breakfast saved juan smiled thanks father ran galley promise sleep late juan worked hard cleaning small jobs supposed learn operate ship shore radio important job weather reports foot trawler real danger bad weather juan surprised father later morning teaching juan radio juan learned pick weather reports talked report forecast bad weather listened shook head mean father asked juan weather bureau father broke wrong stepped deck looked sea looked sky silent bad weather father juan weather bureau scientific ways forecast weather wrong father turned walked
crew serpent busy days cleaning food bought sky grew darker water rougher winds stronger miles south hurricane carmen hit brownsville news radio lot buildings knocked hurt serpent crew worried afraid thought minds home brownsville find aunt estella children took serpent ready leave safe father asked juan maybe carmen turn father hurricane crosses land begins break soon finished serpent sea headed brownsville quiet trawlers sight thinking juan stood deck looked sea water rough carmen wake serpent wave noticed ship big wondered kind ship stepped deck juanito careful today sea strange hurricane passes looked water
don wanted job mother want wanted home wanted help house don home house girls mother mom job mother don bud looked gun wanted pick dad pick gun dad home bud sat rug dad picked gun picked bud saw jumped asked saw dog big rat bud afraid rat wanted pick gun afraid bud boys bat hit ball hit ball mitt dumb mother tells kids dumb don play ball maybe mel mad kid wanted hit ball mitt stop dumb kid hit ball
lil home dog ran hi dog lil afraid don look dog bit lil leg lil let yell nasty dog yelled loud dog ran lil limp home home saw mother home lil afraid didn sat sobbed think lil stops sobbing nell ill school don want mother won nell dog pill nell didn want pill going picked pill fell hand nell dog jumped bed ate pill nell joy jack jam jack jam asked joy lost home jack worked late lost going school don home
biff pals cliff getting late saw kids biff dad call riff raff biff pals kids look trouble let pals laughed want going biff looked pals kids walked ran ran home fast home dad called late biff didn say didn want pals trouble think biff say don find dog looked looked saw dog street looked dog didn called don walked street dog ran dog fast afraid dead going pick home picked dog jumped ran home don happy ran dog didn dog don called guess boys bad trouble dad mad yells makes afraid mom looks sad says going bed
city months father found job days unloaded boxcars railroad yard money excitement city betty reservation maybe worse able fish hunt city animals rats ran steps passed dark city food store mother food stamps dollars bought brother tim hungry school hall betty wanted shout wanted fight unfriendly mean bell rang late class werner social studies teacher angry let betty thought show class school dumb werner social studies class dumbest betty turned hall want pass werner classroom side door school park maybe forgot door storage room opened hurried betty jumped remembered janitor yelled
grocery store printing shop boards nailed cracked windows door closed betty heard noise printing press inside wished place leave books hoped knew school saw walked past cafe wrinkling nose smell fresh doughnuts hungry hungry corner gas station small bright shiny big seen places looked ready fall gas pumps rusty needed paint small shop grimy dark night betty seen tough looking boys standing shop laughing talking empty coveralls bending engine car betty turned corner crossed street park block kids played school empty quiet betty sat bench field house stared dry grass brown leaves trees home trees bright red yellow gold missed woods crisp country air busy thinking didn hear coming path looked saw shadow cement front
knocked door waited happened knocked hard answer betty didn took paper looked address looked numbers painted door place pete supposed give package betty banged door fist ready leave door opened short dark haired stared want asked hard voice pick package sam betty looked package frowned betty held slip paper pete sam told ask pete yes pete took paper looked read pulled door open betty inside pete closed door shop small dark counter covered dust looked shelves wall empty pete walked counter pushed open black curtain hanging doorway wait curtain store didn look open business betty thought didn hear noise printing presses voices thought small printing shop school boards broken windows wondered sam didn shop sending downtown
sugar house didn feel home rooms rooms home family car smell family food didn bowl house felt sugar family left home sugar family vacation oklahoma left family took trip california miles kilometers oklahoma sugar unhappy cat wanted home home find sugar didn care find left house cat walked walked times walked circles walking tired hungry walking hills hills walked city streets walked river walk sugar swam cats don swim sugar home walk swim month sugar walking months months passed sugar walked cold rain snow walked cat traveled town
young woman walked quietly large room held lamp light looked rows beds bed soldier lay sleeping home fight country country england war english soldiers fighting piece land called crimea land black sea night quiet guns stopped firing woman lamp hoped fighting start knew sleeping soldiers fight hurt sick job help bit soldier fight england woman florence nightingale soldiers called lady lamp seeing florence nightingale shining lamp feel afraid knew hard worked knew lives saved florence nightingale nurse took care sick hurt child florence wanted nurse days known caring sick nurses special training thought feel florence idea decided learn helping sick read books worked hospitals watched doctors
remember dreamed night dreams women boys girls babies dream animals dream dream times night dream lasts minutes half hour dream black white dream color dreaming sound watching tv dreaming dream story commercials dreams mystery knows dream ago thought dreams signs gods understand dreams gods trying tell wise women tried explain meanings dreams sure meant passed began think dreams began write lists dreams bad dreams asked write dreams lists put turned kinds dreams learned facts dreaming eyes move eyelids dream move move eyes move quickly don feel thing important doctors want learn dreams doctors special machine
boy standing edge clearing frightened wanted help uncle watched knocked hydra heads sure half strong mighty uncle don think longer huge breath find thick tree branch light quickly looked nearby stood large tree low hanging branches grabbed knife cut branches tree half rotted branch ease moments thick branch flames branch hand crept caught circles formed body big snake held free hand didn say word took burning wood turned angry hydra knocking head club heads grow place stuck burning branch open wound waited happen suddenly gave cry joy heads appeared heat flame sealed wound tightly sewed strong rope victory weapon stronger swinging club head
ask football started north america surprised answer story football game hundred football game played revolutionary war battle took place princeton jersey general george washington small army fought british americans fewer number british americans won battle american gun small cannon left washington moved later forgotten gun found princeton college front nassau hall main building princeton helped remember american victory morning big gun disappeared knew turned rutgers college school nearby town gun war began princeton rutgers dark night morning big gun princeton night visit rutgers brought prize school students stopped civil war colleges marched battlefields think useless cannon war game started game ended suddenly started princeton answer
special power able help chicago police department case proved difficult mrs hughes proudest helping solve snowy windy march chicago reported missing chicago police department ice cold night police looking body reports police received supposed died shooting accident body supposed fallen south side canal police searching divers icy water times hoping find body police department boats dragged heavy nets bottom canal tired ready give search remembered irene hughes possibly help solve case helped past turn officer decided call telephone gave mrs hughes details case explained police department searching hours found amazingly mrs hughes able help telephone asked detective exact spot looking body told left side canal
soon perseus approached grove wood nymphs half humans half spirits form lovely young women ten sat pool grove perseus screamed began run don called gently don wish harm athene stopped running heard goddess want frightened nymph asked voice sounded music athene weapons help fight gorgons nymph eyes grew wide foolish fight gorgons moment brought perseus helmet pair shoes shield young believe eyes athene playing joke sang nymph look wings shoes carry rocky island middle sea reach gorgons stay cliff ledge shield look perseus stared shield face shiny mirror shield gorgons faces answered nymph smile understand perseus pointed weapon helmet looks helmet
member psi squad special solving crime members group tune place happened feel close victims pick reasons crimes beverly jaegers group discover important facts studying criminal handwriting group member adds picture clues finds pieces finally fitted huge jigsaw puzzle jaegers takes knows police psi squad started study group began fighting crime members helped find missing person case reported st louis newspapers known lucas case sally lucas st louis housewife disappeared shopping center lived police find reason disappeared clues close lucas family friend gave beverly jaegers mrs lucas clothing friend hoped beverly jaegers able solve mystery disappearance mrs jaegers received strong feelings case clothes thoughts reporter st louis globe democrat jaegers statements sally lucas case correct reporter thought jaegers read police file reporter later learned jaegers seen police files listened feelings case
small plane flew coast peru morning clear sunny beams light sparkled blue pacific waters pilot turned plane inland moving hot desert plain nazca mystery started ago plane jim woodman modern explorer woodman playing detective searching reason ancient carved lines pictures sunbaked nazca soil pictures seen skies pictures lasted thousands peru northwest south america lines located village nazca extremely dry area stony soil live live area incas incas ancient south american tribe south america centuries jim knew job learn incas nazca pilot headed plane huge flat desert suddenly series lines appeared white slashes seen dry grass eye flew saw pictures monkeys spiders strange spirals carved ground landed jim walked seen lines air ground simple paths cut ground sure accidental paths
cardinal waited impatiently days hoping receive message queen finally la visited dear cardinal la majesty favor ask exclaimed cardinal wishes buy diamond necklace king louis xv reasons remain secret buy pay necklace signed letter stating wants handed document read carefully yes la certainly queen signature seen times diamond necklace price pay friendship costly hesitantly excellency wish queen graces money waved hand think let days evening cardinal de invited close friend count de dinner count woman palace garden queen italian magician told women royal court strange stories told convincing claimed
gathered sitting corral fence watch show shot gate steer contest began animal turned sharply cowboy rope dropped twisting head cowhand try brought steer earned loud applause crowd tied quickly miss high forty seconds dobson turn lucky moved horse shady directly steer tail rope landed animal neck steer easily tied twelve seconds flat going beat end won silver buckle rodeo prize family won rodeo north america paid denver colorado dobson prescott prescott built grandstand selling tickets folks arizona rodeo part fourth july celebration forgot prescott rodeo chance ride bucking bronco bucking bronco wild horse person
adventure story ancient greece today read ancient greek heroes decided lives amazing deeds important write odysseus crew looked dull eyes empty sea ocean water smooth glass days passed eaten food fresh drinking water run things left goatskins wine odysseus stared eleven ships thought group brave spent ten troy fighting greek warriors war finally ended victory greeks trojans victory result odysseus daring cleverness sneaked soldiers city troy hidden inside wooden horse left city gates trojans thinking horse gift brought inside greeks jumped attacked trojans odysseus trick won greek army odysseus home kingdom ithaca leaving troy adventures landed water food odysseus fought local citizens ships quickly set sail reached land lotus eaters natives friendly gladly sharing food water greeks
earth million glued tv sets united states early morning japan nighttime slept hours july left tv sets stare sky looked moon moment hold breath word sped miles space tranquility base eagle landed cheer landed moon president united states called greatest happening beginning thousands dreamed going moon finally dream true millions dollars landing moon journey space journey carried dream human race feel tied earth began journey stars trip begun july boarded spacecraft apollo ship carry half million mile trip moon neil armstrong michael collins edwin aldrin trained hard journey earned astronaut cape kennedy florida apollo leave
knows person picked pretty stone put clothes tied thin vine maybe vine hung person neck necklaces worn maybe put belt tied finger important early times spell shining stones earth action volcanoes earth diamonds seen volcanoes spit fire clouds dark smoke bring rock inside earth volcanoes loosen diamonds hurl upward diamonds mined places volcanoes died hundreds thousands ago thought diamonds stones bring luck worn rings stones crushed medicine believed stones magic power change lives bad thousands stories told diamonds tell stories true wonder happened stories diamonds greece ago reason greeks wonderful telling story
night sky black waters york harbor splashed small boats sat close shore sound small group standing dock quiet september night ended hoped find answer question win war lost small group york dock dark september night general israel putnam stood americans sergeant ezra lee david aaron burr try impossible strongest enemy ships york sink eagle bottom york harbor largest strongest ship enemy fleet boat half feet high feet wide night general putnam sir aaron burr looked sky light enemy won surprise general late course general putnam looked end dock strange boat rocked slowly water couldn help smiling sight looked rounded shells stuck certainly didn look match eagle looked important job
streaming face freezing taking hand mask saw covered blood learn later bled eyes ears nose mouth decompression suddenly body lurched chute opened rough figuring foot level thought dropping rate feet minute ten minutes joyous took mask thought wasn enter center thunderstorm suddenly blast air jarred head toe falling saw angry ocean boiling clouds spilling tossed directions sideways stretched pounded threw clap thunder shook teeth didn hear thunder felt saw lightning shape close appeared huge blue sheet feet thick raining hard thought drown times held breath fearing quarts water storm end times felt die exhaustion thing going able think
greatest inventions simple wheel metric system weights measures introduction france swept language trade science daily living united states caught date puzzling web feet rods miles acres pounds tons grains quarts bushels pecks barrels units change place place structure driven schoolchildren crazy added engineers draftsmen mixed person shops country birth benjamin franklin astronauts pushed international metric system defeated dislike change national bureau standards recommends board citizens set give technical help ten changeover period bills calling changeover program introduced congress metric hurdle called si french term systeme international metric system simple common units meter length liter volume gram weight prefixes kilo measure kilogram thousand grams centimeter hundredth meter milligram thousandth gram
water likely thousand times yes water liquid wonder makes liquid found naturally surface earth substances gases solids water rises falls ocean tides crashes surf forms clouds mirrors glory sunsets scientists think half billion water worked wonders rocky dead globe tiny living cells appeared depended water existence water helped support water produce reasons consider water move thin tubes ooze tiny holes happen dip corner piece paper towel water water fight pull gravity creep upward paper seeing water capillary action forces attraction water molecules attraction water molecules paper towel thread water moves onward molecules head column drawn molecules drier spot ahead reach wet tug molecules clinging pull pull gravity match muscle water
sun produces heat light energy energy sun travels space earth chemical energy foods traced heat light energy sun plants energy produce foods grow eat food plants energy stored body muscles chemical energy foods eat changed mechanical energy walking playing sitting mechanical energy changed form mechanical energy muscles push pedals bicycle pictures energy tell energy changed activity activity involves number energy activity person requires mechanical energy comes chemical energy food kinds energy today list kinds energy bed morning energy kind energy energy changed mechanical energy depend muscles change chemical energy food mechanical energy kinds engines fuels supply energy complicated machines engine machine change form energy mechanical energy kinds energy operate engines kind engine electric motor
think dams built water stored huge dams dam controls flow water river water pile dam form artificial lake water potential energy energy obtained trace energy source energy stored water water dam allowed escape pipes kinetic energy turn turbines mechanical energy operates generator generators machines change mechanical energy electric energy kinds energy occur stored water rushes turbines chemicals important means storing energy electric cell electric energy produced potential energy stored chemicals cell fuels coal oil gasoline chemicals fuels burned chemical energy changed heat light energy potential energy stored fuels plants need heat light energy grow food manufactured chemicals plants energy sun plants die covered soil dust leaves plants millions layers soil covered plants lived ago layers soil heavy press hard lower layers pressure produces heat combination heat pressure material plants coal
energy important nucleus atom kind electric charge protons charges repel think protons nucleus move scientists believe neutrons charge protons positive charge share smaller particles energy particles keeps nucleus kind element number protons atoms hydrogen atom proton helium atom protons uranium atom protons atom element change atom element number protons changed atom number protons electrons atoms share electrons form chemical compound kinds atoms break losing protons neutrons electrons energy parts atom called radiation atom radiation process atomic decay elements give radiation atomic decay called radioactive elements elements uranium radium polonium naturally radioactive give particles energy scientists able types atoms radioactive heard scientific equipment cyclotron speed subatomic particles particles moving faster energy fast moving particles shot nuclei nucleus atoms
wei ming sister wei fan want parents behaving wei ming learned disagree parents public home discuss things parents try decide family wei ming taught obey parents show love respect wei ming feels son important duty wei ming parents duties course care set follow wei ming behaves badly parents blamed bad behavior child shows parents taught behavior wei ming parents try hard teach ways think act wei ming parents give orders tell bed fact wei ming set bedtime wei ming knows duties parents taught pleasant cry quarrel school try stay healthy wei ming knows tired able obey parents teachings angry sleepy class
map china page province confucius born province parents rich educated respected confucius started teach began gathering group young confucius known fine teacher thought wise confucius believed important ideas wanted teach ideas listened confucius loved learning cared wanted person happy confucius wanted loyal friends wanted bring rest comfort wanted kind loving young confucius set difficult goals behavior failed goals worked thought person improve behavior behavior led person lead happy confucius asked jobs government honest rulers thought honest wanted hear confucius told wrong told hard give government rulers want hear hard government
confucius taught treat emperor father wishes show respect person emperor kneel bow deeply touch head floor times bowing showed respect called kowtow emperor duties deserve respect wise honor wise set willing follow trusted forced obey want obey confucius thought emperor need punish obey emperor heaven emperor emperor owed respect heavenly spirit wisdom goodness expected obey heaven ruling wisely emperor obeyed heaven happy heaven bless rule confucius told ruler want confucius show meant ruler wind grass grass bend direction wind blows emperor hard give government confucius
islam largest religions began arabia started teachings arab named muhammad islam religion arabian wanted spread message islam war today islamic empire million muslims followers islam chapter study land islam began study developed civilization study founded religion arabia hot land desert sun shines part temperature rise degrees arabia dry land pass drop rain arabia dry land cut wadis dry river beds rivers today water flows rain arabs wadis roads crossing desert northern part arabian peninsula hot winds sweep rocky ground desert surface stones pebbles thin patches grass farther south desert sandy winds blow sand hills look huge waves hills sand called sand dunes sand dunes piled high feet
muhammad arabs knew civilized neighbors knew neighbors wealth arabs wanted share wealth muslims learned share conquest muslims united conquer highly civilized lands destroy civilizations began learn muslims began change ways desert ways civilized conquering lands muslims learned ideas learned science ancient greece learned mathematics india learned architecture syria persia egypt began experiments began mix ideas ideas peoples created culture civilization chapter happened islam death muhammad study civilization arose arab lands civilization brilliant powerful read questions mind religion muslim art architecture philosophy islamic culture gain conquered peoples muhammad believed chosen speak allah muhammad died left place result arabs bitter political struggles teachings muhammad continued unite islam muhammad died older muslims met
muslims easy choosing caliphs follow abu bekr groups wanted caliphs abu bekr died naturally caliphs murdered early caliphs chosen leadership chosen concerned religion politics caliph strict muslims feared muhammad told devil saw coming street dodge side alley caliphs began worry politics religion problems ruling empire muslim law based koran based set muhammad power belonged caliph later caliphs dictators power pleased caliphs believed muhammad successors believed shadows god earth story caliph give idea power notice called king story tales thousand nights night famous collection stories called arabian nights allah compassionate merciful creator universe raised earth pillars ago lived king married queen beautiful sunrise
rifle snapped dart fire thundered black night whump caught bear head rich dropped rifle picked flashlight turning big animal bear light stood clearing hurt look face suddenly falling meadow rich called shot rich mark called dark clearing move watch rich called mark moved slowly clearing light flashlight dart bear neck head dart drug bear sleep soon sure grizzly sleeping mark put tag ear mark grizzly bears country left mark rich asked help find bears ways found country suddenly mark stopped stood grizzly move thought looking bear move dart drug neck mark moved closer big bear suddenly surprise turned angrily pawed dart neck growling pulling mouth
talking wind light rain began falling clearing stood let rich don want caught night running asked mark thought liked don rich sure think eat eat eat think rich laughed let exciting news tell black feather mark rich walked trees angry grizzly friend cave silver tip big bear telling black feather indian boy helped mark rich camp going help hunt tag let rich mark think look hard find think asked rich thunder mountains mark hunted big meadows caves seen grizzly bears place thunder mountains grizzly bears thunder mountains rich sounds exciting listen rich sure exciting drop rifle
hunters light morning trees eating looked rifles closely put drugs heads darts rich dropped dart rifle stop grizzly black feather mark put radio clown ear let working mark took tiny radio help black feather fastened clown left ear cub pulled ear paw radio turn mark picked radio finder fastened ear black feather pulled clown chain bear cub suddenly stopped running stand clown indian turned timer radio mark sound coming let clown thing rich try trail mark looked camp rich boat light black feather carry river food rifles asked rich going carry radio finder mark mark carry rifles finder food
pond deep middle miss judith niece miranda drowned ago miss judith lived tall maid lady believes esp stuff likes children especially girls awhile miranda died miss judith couldn stand sight child heard mama say hurt seeing living child remember miranda wasn accident happened born miss judith pretty showed child picture piano tinted photo miranda eyes looked kind brown green hair dark brown sort floppy ten chin pointed cheeks thin miss judith child pixie face miss judith told tried touch miranda group joined months georgetown chapter american psychic society luck believe stuff miss judith don sort wistfully slightest possibility harm trying don believe didn tell miss judith sitting piano bench fingers hand absent picked hesitating tune
office hours wants run league neighborhood promising eddie play game gave uniform eddie going practice afternoon picked bats hit ball game eddie sure going promise let play family field clubhouse eddie wanted hit home run didn play feelings didn give eddie reason bad eddie maybe kids belong things kids maybe known promise don disappoint kid dad told eddie sports things eddie didn league summer don blame mrs okay seances suppose told sherry miranda asked mother says lived street known miranda drowned sherry wouldn known told
dr greenfield guess dame lives publicity reputation depends communications apparently true things present seance recognize trivial detail think knows dead person fake mediums find ahead going seance fooled thinking dead relatives bit fraudulent mediums dr greenfield smiling research told course dame fraudulent mean okay find dr greenfield apparently counting lot publicity dr famous convince put touch miranda mean top publicity dame english speaking mean actually try poor miss judith horrified thing heard bet idea told dame miranda say dr greenfield asked looked psychiatrist things mind kids suffer mice
brought grandson kentucky slave streets louisville worldwide fame poor family success don wants ali says free want spirit turned boy named cassius clay champion named muhammad ali young cassius growing school playing marbles boxing clay fight golden gloves amateur fights won fights lost olympic boxing team won gold medal knocking boxers proud gold medal ali says wore bed clay began fight pro words money won straight fights knew heavyweight title win title clay beat sonny hard hitting fighter mercy gave young clay chance fierce saw show clay put ring dodged darted danced spun pounced loved fancy footwork hit hit fast fists sure feel
today women active wrestling basketball sports sports women stood tennis today women tennis champions lot money famous male player girls young women start play tennis tennis champs chris chris grew fort lauderdale florida warm round play tennis anytime wanted father tennis professional pro chris tennis baby grew father forced play tennis chris took game naturally visited father worked courts taught stand swing racket showed hit ball score point chris worked hard learning tennis player father told person works hardest going chris didn mind working hard tennis cut free friends missed lot fun practiced school hours weekends practiced hours hard chris wanted winner soon winner started play matches kids age won
ago young medical student england thought break record roger bannister decided dedicate task breaking barrier roger medical student knew run fast muscles need oxygen usual trained body learned lower pulse rate speed heart beat running beat heart pumped extra amount oxygen rich blood muscles finally arrived roger going attempt break minute mile wet chilly wind blowing kind thought bad running cold wet wind strong roger discouraged felt thought today today break minute mile runners lined start race cold wet cinder track gun sounded running crowd cheered roger passed halfway point minutes friends worried running fast soon saving strength end race tired won break record
surprised didn sell house grandmother died kirby hard trying rented grandmother didn want sell mother told glad place tenderness voice remembering strange known special woman mother pictures things stored attic look someday fun kirby liked claim remember grandmother nancy sure effect remember seen glad fun stay private house change won think housework nancy won maid service change beds dust clean bathroom wrinkled nose read books experience guess girls elizabeth drew breath afraid tell stairs thumped drowning voice fake thumping sound stairs barefoot
walked rows automobiles comments tires power steering talking events kirby heard remember parents father dominated conversation dynamic personality booming laugh filled mother soft smiling background gray hair mention richard garrett elizabeth kind princess visit kingdom left quickly completed morning buying ford car grumbled disgustedly secondhand oldsmobile front wheel drive kirby glancing mother driver seat felt pleasure car driver elizabeth driven uncertainty shifted gears pressed accelerator bring engine proud smile face turned main street town shore road led house beach knew softly
taking placement tests required junior high school kirby nancy put eighth grade mind terribly nancy asked worriedly feel put die course kirby gave exaggerated shudder die imagine alphabetically classes sit front chew gum stick ears sick kirby nancy situation lightly don mind re older don silly kirby mind means split homework middle half left practice answer typically kirby nancy restrain sigh wished sister upset grade placement show interest dancing started lessons studio kirby stepped rose morning hour alarm order exercises breakfast rushed building school stopping locker catch bus dance studio home talked girls class ballet class meant class school
walked town words jimmy wondered hate glanced quickly big simon face thick rusty mustache curling brick red hair kind nose chin totem pole blunt fierce ugly jimmy thought mother remembered father pulling memory forward forcing shadows tall eyes laughed teeth square small gaps thinking father face mirror remembered riding shoulders sweater thick gray pattern brown reindeer knitted smelled tar piece fish backbone lay sleeve strange sweater clearer sailor fisherman died bed jimmy remembered drawn blinds silence filled rooms st john knew father remembered aunt crying hugging whispering lived dad held looking strangely maybe jimmy aye maybe mother wasn money soon
reached saint anthony hour fog lightening closer shore chugged harbor streamers mist waved harmlessly banners masts spent taking salt pouring metal chutes containers holds crystals glittered powered snow jimmy thought big berg horror waiting hit shivered lot salt slim crawford speaking quickly mind thoughts crowded haul lot fish slim opened sack filled chute takes pound salt pound half cod don carry throw fish spoil home slim voice held reminder jimmy scared kathleen ii full jokes laughter maybe jimmy thought death close grabbing tried working extra hard carrying heavy sacks emptying darkness easy jimmy herrings cooking boy needs grub grow big simon put foot sack jimmy lift jimmy straightened feeling tiredness arms moore change big simon added
jimmy stood small floating islands ice bumped sliding water blue green veined smooth marble slipped silently past front ship bows dark open stream point land ahead gray bulk lay shadow horizon labrador jimmy boy straits coming jimmy felt stirring deep inside land heard waters father fished waters turned boys fishermen boys captain voice soft knew jimmy thoughts liked father jimmy voyages bad banks lot respect looks ways big simon word jimmy swallowed nodded aye warmth filled berths captain reckon eleven twelve days son lucky thirty miles ice captain reckoning twenty twenty twenty lookout needed changing hour helmsman tempers edge threw pan bread cesar portuguese cook claiming burned tasted dried seaweed
agree describes synonym synonym meaning word difference faintly shade meaning word real synonyms words related meaning give color idea want express remember storehouse treasury synonyms mean thing think treasury completely picture think storehouse walk stroll march tiptoe trudge mean walk describes kind walking surprised instance read newspaper strolled burning building tiptoed parade choosing synonym walk writer speaker find precise synonym related word kind walk talking synonym word means word synonyms word completely meanings synonyms word beginning include start root source beginning race start race sound root race beginning river source river sense start river root river synonyms situation
ability able person born ability develop ability learning practicing born ability carry tune singing lessons sing born ability read learn read skier develop ability balance control skis ability mathematics music ability talent special ability born musician painter talent matter studied music singer star talent tell talent writing poetry talent getting trouble skill dexterity abilities develop develop skill learning easily typing skill typist type letter easily dexterity means skill hands cleverly gracefully fumbling dropping things instance typist shows skill typing accurately fast shows dexterity typewriter ribbon easily fast fumbling clumsy ingenuity cleverness inventing designing things seeing everyday objects
amuse means pass pleasant amuses holds attention laugh smile bore amuses feel happy gay excited circus book amused antics clown amused audience amused elephant dance entertain means amuse give pleasure movies books entertain entertain house guest delight means give amusement joy magician tricks delighted children baby delighted toys delight mean satisfied mother delighted children cleaned rooms interests holds attention makes curious boys interested seeing dinosaurs museum collection dolls countries interest girls cheer means sad feel happy glad visitors cheered patient hospital mean shout crowd cheered team victory divert means turn attention worrying amusing pleasing comic books diverted child attention longer whimpered amusement holds attention pleasure makes laugh feel happy reading book playing game going movie working hobby forms amusement
family related family feeling feeling related family care special feel belong share lives share place live share things place family love care agree family understand times angry love care learned kinds families family relatives makes family group feeling belonging sharing caring home place family lives home house apartment room large small home country small town suburb big city homes wheels called mobile homes mobile homes moved place place matter kind place family lives matter big small place
clean neat home place live family likes sharing home takes home clean neat share neat home family share chores chores house home living room members family sit talk read play games watch tv meet friends family spends lot living room place place messy chores living room pick papers games toys put belongs clean floor furniture help wash windows woodwork kitchen room family cooks food homes kitchen family eats kitchen place chores help cooking dishes set clean table important family clean kitchen taking garbage cleaning kitchen important chores share chores important important share room bathroom don leave clothes wet towels floor
married family person marry share lives home love respect help home family change bring responsibilities share responsibility taking care family want need secure happy things family needs cost money place live food clothes things earn money family need job families husband wife earn money share taking care home plan marry ready job able care home important spend money wisely family needs cook house clean home place family family friends neighbors friends special friends friends spend lot
lots signs reading driving walking signs help understand reading book reading signs written sides pages signs called sidenotes read story sure read sidenotes space column jot questions want list words ideas want remember begin read look question top page try answer question read beginning lesson book find question think read walt disney growing family moved farm walt began draw pictures farm animals enjoyed drawing age walt drawing clever comic strips cartoons animals job drawing pictures ads wasn happy wanted cartoonist stories fixed garage garage overrun mice run walt drawing board worked walt liked mouse named mortimer didn tiny thing walt changed mickey walt camera started pictures drawings mickey animals
today ordinary american lives comfortable kings ago automobiles airplanes want tv tape decks entertain thanks transportation fresh food homes heated winter pay price natural resources oil coal iron oil goes gasoline tanks jets fuel heating buildings coal electric power iron steel metal oil coal iron resources wood replaced trees replanted takes grow large space left planting trees supply water faster nature replacing natural resources dig pollution coal mined dug dirt removed dirt replaced replant land acid coal mines runs hillsides streams acid water kills fish oil tankers develop leaks spilling tons oil rivers oceans plants animals fishes destroyed
busy thinking worn dollar bill pocket seen girls coming saw found path crossing street didn girls fact didn lot bigger looked trouble warned moved neighborhood stay jones girls told tell jones girl gold blue jacket walking straight gold blue jackets happening kid taller girls tall thick black hair hardware store soon words left lips knew mistake told money keeping eyes ground tried walk saying later calm told took steps past yeah later kid taller girl whew worrying thought quickly started street girl called hey kid wait minute
gerard home school mother met door gave phone message mrs young called wanted baby sit boy tonight don gerard baby sat charge don mother don ask friends idea gerard wait minute mother hear things mind information receive gerard saw ben laurie sitting front porch ben baby sitting job tonight charge baby sat ben sounds easy don charge cents hour think kidding laurie sat young kid night real pest charged hour hanna heard talking baby sitting easy hard friends live block hour okay gerard start sitting laurie depends kid want sit guess find gerard ben ask youngs coming home
looked jar passed grocery store gallon jar filled jelly beans grocer sign guess number jelly beans win prize wondered prize maybe ten speed bike sure wanted prize didn answer science homework found figure answer scientific method called sampling spend money worth took gotten birthday raced grocery store bags jelly beans hmmm re getting winning prize roberta ran home jelly beans borrowed quart jar mom opened bag jelly beans added pieces candy filled quart jar bags reached top multiply bags times pieces candy jelly beans multiplied quarts gallon answer shame waste jelly beans ate boy stomach ache night ran handed answer
america buy store pay price storekeeper asks countries storekeepers bargain customers bargaining fine art art acting bargain depend actor acting goes customer sees wants shop acts interest asks price shop says price ring ten home storekeeper knows actor sees behave ring precious thing store bear part ring price customer staggers backward asks hands air buy half price storekeeper store store storekeeper shouts knows store sell terrible things storekeeper friend ring worth times maybe customer says shows storekeeper funny colored stone ring loves storekeeper pretends angry calls customer crazy explains stone diamond worth lot money
teeth skull zinjanthropus found living floor million living floor ancient campsite manlike creatures home cleared ground living floor leakeys found piles cracked bones bones looked remains meal small animals leakeys found stone tools nearby looked alike tools looked skin cut small animals cracking bones tools stones pebbles area dr leakey knew stones pebbles naturally exist area bones found decided zinjanthropus carried stones tools dr leakey decided zinjanthropus tools regular set pattern tools looked alike conclusions fitted dr leakey definition zinjanthropus tools regular set pattern part definition purpose dr leakey zinjanthropus tools skin animals crack bones knew zinjanthropus bones tools found living floor maybe zinjanthropus skinned animals cracked bones teeth maybe didn tools
early kings egypt buried simple flat tombs called mud brick built nile banks summer river flood wash king named asked royal architect imhotep build tomb imhotep stone mud bricks built regular changed mind square finally bigger piling top smaller result pyramid side looks steps call step pyramid historians think imhotep special reason building step pyramid egyptians adding idea religion idea death king live sun god religious writings staircase heaven laid climb heaven step pyramid staircase heaven pyramid builders idea steps pyramids slanting sides knows exactly historians think reason sun god religion rays sun shine clouds slanting angle sides pyramids
nile valley wanderers learned farmers summer nile overflowed banks spreading rich mud valley farmers plowed sprinkled seeds fertile mud sunny weather rest crops grew rapidly harvested crops easy bad nile rains fell lightly swell river overflowing maybe rain fell nile rose higher higher washing houses drowning cattle centuries egyptians worked ways deal problems studying stars learned predict weather invented calendar number writing systems track weather figured ways build dikes irrigation canals tanks storing water technology helped deal problems technology solve problems suppose predict dry season believe suppose expects flood happen egyptians turned gods told stories powers gods treat gods stories called myths myths help decide believe act myths myths ancient egyptians helped accept special problems
properly connecting wires dry cell form circuit pathway include light bulb socket circuit electrical energy move dry cell wire light bulb dry cell electrical energy chemical substances difficult destroyed dry cell order electrical energy chemical substances put special women studied electrical energy think electricity occurs atoms built scientists theory small moving particles called atoms small piece wood millions millions atoms piece glass large numbers atoms hard imagine millions atoms small piece wood moving fast scientists think atoms moving deal energy atom moves parts atom move outer parts atom called electrons believed electrons move rapidly center atom electrons move atom scuffed feet rug dry touched
centuries parts earth crust slowly buckle fold forming mountains layers soft coal folded received deal pressure tremendous pressure changed soft coal hard coal anthracite plants formed coal grew swamp forests ago needed sunlight grow energy sun coal reason say stored sunlight coal plants ago sun energy plants today energy sun actually part plants plants able light light energy produce kind energy energy plants called chemical energy chemical energy plants helps give health strength eat plants food important energy sun shining thousands ago light energy changed chemical energy ancient plants lived swamp forests chemical energy plants part coal learned change chemical energy heat energy burning coal benefited energy sun reached earth millions ago learned petroleum fuel read energy sun plants
fuels supply energy sun atoms energy sun atomic energy atomic energy main source energy universe studied atom known vast quantities energy inside atom found vast amounts energy released problem release energy needed run machinery heard danger atomic bombs plans constantly developed atomic energy purposes source power moving ships supplying energy factories developments living period discoveries read local newspaper discoveries remember atomic energy sun centuries earth bathed atomic energy millions sun bath actually bathed atomic energy able sun control fuel atomic fuels earth atomic fuels present challenge learn release energy atoms want
read science fiction story eating plants devour space explorers newly discovered planet stories fetched think earth plants eat animals photos page show plants called carnivores eat meat pitcher plant named large hollow pitcher leaf water collects pitcher closed hood small insects trapped hood drown liquid digested plant venus flytrap meat eating plant leaves stand open trap fly insect touches sensitive hairs inside leaves trap snaps shut victim stiff bristles fringe leaves trap secure leaves close force crush soft insects carnivorous plant sundew makes sweet sticky droplets form end reddish hairs cover leaves insects attracted sweet fluid stuck soon insects trapped plant secretes sticky fluid victim plant called natural flypaper sundew carnivorous plants limit number insects bladderwort carnivorous plant lives fresh water find bladderwort catches victims find carnivorous plants carry photosynthesis
flowers beautiful shapes colors smells flowers look smell order attract insects birds hummingbirds especially attracted red tropical climates numbers hummingbirds varieties bright red flowers red color flower advertising supply nectar hummingbird likes eat hummingbird flowers nectar inside tube structure flower hummingbird tongue reach nectar process brushed pollen hummingbird travels flower search nectar pollen delivered pistil flower think flower knows hummingbird spread pollen think hummingbird knows important flower animals help plants begin ways pollination find animals help cocklebur plant begin places parent plant find animals help cherry trees begin parent trees suppose plants cherry tree spread large area grow small space nitrogen compounds needed plants nitrogen fixing bacteria form compounds bacteria need supply nitrogen supply minerals
story animals plateau perfect important predator prey relationships nature natural predators deer wolves coyotes number deer check natural enemies growing population deer ate food nature supplied check deer population food deer died baboons noted raiding gardens farmlands damaging eating crops africa leopards prey baboons help baboon population control killed large numbers leopards skins baboons menace farmers today regions africa leopards protected provide check baboon population number animals killed natural enemies change population drastically generally killed population controlled animals think likely killed group healthiest strongest killed predators weak sick members group unlucky victims able herd easily healthy animals sick crippled animals captured losing animals actually help population think reason prevents caterpillars stripping leaves trees grasshoppers eating grass fields lawns
persuaded gods plot drugged drink surrounded slept bound rawhide thongs raged roared swore stolen thunderbolt break thongs faithful cousin hundred handed briareus helped titans working gardener heard quarreling palace window looked saw master bound couch reached hundred arms unbound hundred knots zeus jumped couch seized thunderbolt terrified fell knees weeping pleading seized hera hung sky binding golden chains dare rescue voice wind sobbing weeping zeus awake morning free swore rebel promised zeus promised mend ways watching zeus king gods lord sky sister demeter earth goddess lady growing things sister hera wife queen gods brother poseidon god sea brother hades ruled dark domain underworld land death gods pantheon zeus children hera ares god war hephaestus smith god weapons eris goddess discord shrieks ares battle chariot
poseidon left olympus kingdom immediately set building huge underwater palace pearl coral throne needed queen chose thetis beautiful water nymph prophesied son born thetis greater father poseidon decided try prophecy true son thetis achilles undoubtedly greater father poseidon chose named brother zeus traveler hundreds children places difficult god quarrelsome bear grudges pleased smile radiant liked jokes thought curious forms creatures liked startle nymphs monsters concocted octopus squid sea jellyfish swordfish sea cow trying appease jealous rage thought dolphin gave gift greedy aggressive trying add kingdom claimed attica stabbed trident hillside acropolis stands spring salt water spouted athens want belong kingdom sea afraid poseidon habit seizing youth town mood
demeter means barley mother ceres word cereal goddess cornfield mistress planting harvesting lady growing things zeus fond obliged rain fields thirsty gave children boy girl girl named persephone demeter loved persephone raised flowers looked flower body stem skin soft petals pansy eyes took charge flowers mother adept making kinds naming farther usual stream grove trees glade carried seen stand tall waxy lilies decided stripe painting faces saw bush noticed look strange bush thick green glossy leaves hung large red berries trembled stems drops blood stared bush didn liked decided seized branches pulled rooted hard pull getting set gave mighty tug bush roots dragged ground leaving big hole
saw main campus thought giant bowl white clapboard bunks arranged rim bowl flagpole center campus distance bunks trees area woods camp assigned bunk senior girls inside bunk bedroom ten cots side lined walls windows glass screens canvas shades rolled floors raw planks looked give splinters regularly walls unfinished pine exposed beams windows jail thought look lot girls counselors anne elliot joan de counselors joanie junior counselor meant younger anne sort assistant pretty dark hair terrific eyes lot eye shadow stuff fact camp hours joanie eyes times thing unpacked opened trunks small round mirror hung cot friendly bubbly girl friend counselor
tossed letter disgust leave week look happens morals skulking rated movies heaven sake word missing lonely apartment quiet dull case homesickness night letter cured parents managing thank guess expected follow tell truth managing pretty gotten camp routine couple exceptions camp turning expected runs charts schedules bugle calls clean bunk according chart lists jobs addition making bed jobs rotated clean breakfast uncle howie head counselor comes inspects carol drop quarter bed bounce quarter bed pull tight hospital corners sheets blankets matter tight tucked couldn quarter bounce bed maybe drop quarter activity schedule
riding instructor karen lessons big ring enclosed wooden rail side ring open field wooded trail lake experienced individual instruction times week took signed advance pay extra ring lesson karen waiting took look size horse standing forgot dance completely okay thing horse mount horse left side big basic horse maybe realized basic horse high looked nice horse turned head put left foot stirrup swing foot horse stirrup side leg high stirrup miles ground grab hold saddle reach saddle foot stirrup able reach grunted groaned raised foot high reached grabbed ankle try pull higher
black pearl carried mixed cargo officially hold lead black copper english arsenals small amount mercury mines hundred lengths blue velvet venice hogsheads malacca cinnamon spanish salt fifty wheels cheese antwerp unofficially uncle jack possession hundred lengths parisian silks fine emeralds amsterdam possession concealed inside doublet twenty copies martin luther latest manifesto fresh presses wittenberg locker hundred anchored dock customs aboard bade morning slipped quietly ashore uncle jack captain owner forced remain aboard inspection completed manifest signed explain manner speaking city city sat banks river foot cannon street storied structure hewn stone looked fortress squat tower part battlement enormous iron banded gate closed guarded night yard belonged group prosperous merchants foreigners shipped sold goods resided walls facilities comfortable luxurious living protected king enjoyed privileges citizens london possess
journey monmouth residence hallows barking proved vain master tyndale servant answered knock informed expected nightfall found morning st dunstan west church promptly eleven choosing place duck breath fresh air tyndale sermon prove dull consequence heard small passage end rulers tyndale speaking slowly quietly strong voice parents masters obeyed head stands king subjects rise rise god cruel bear patience leave punishment god kings supreme rule list servants treat matter humble brother master tyndale words put memory correctly encourage henry viii violently martin luther teachings tyndale believed king obeyed luther tyndale interested buying carried doublet discouraging prospect thought leaving church sermon finished prospects poor stood accosted tyndale left church
master tyndale aboard evening shortly supper spoken uncle told tyndale wished passage hamburg spoken persuasive tone mixing half truths truths equal amounts emboldened knowledge tyndale hamburg greatly help putting touch luther printings purchase star india depended told transporting master tyndale hamburg change uncle jack rule permitting passengers aboard ship shifted possibility hiring tyndale member crew failed mentioned tyndale preacher fact heard preach st dunstan staunch follower german firebrand uncle show interest messenger tyndale forthwith hours later alongside hired wherry fearing called uncle deck sulky mood shout distance half ship length meeting end failure let rope ladder calling uncle beckoned aboard pleased called uncle deck tyndale missed rung doused foot river crablike breath manner uncle jack laugh
stillwater tracy alex called asked ranch fast called rescue horse jim line dead alex think alex talking horses jim jim ginny alex talking statue jade horse statue government asked alex alex turn soon tracy call police help find big laugh police detectives find detective place alex hall private detective tracy ginny heard private detectives alex ginny asked government find statue jade horse government house detective alex ginny found statue ranch horse ranch vacation ginny going asked tracy alex call boxing downs ginny think alex help fast find called
door tracy started suddenly dropped floor gymnasium tracy eyed window door move knew dropped gymnasium drop tracy looked light elevator doors looking hall door light light put hand turned light tracy horse put hand gymnasium door opened door worked room dropped floor move room tracy waited eyes picked things room windows big box jumping horse suddenly door opened end room tracy hear door closed tracy call eyes picked dark floor front jumping horse box tracy turned light alex floor moving
tracy move open door hall elevator waiting open door tracy started turn light stopped light coming window doors room left doors open closed room tracy walked closed door light hear thing door tracy pulled door open ginny standing think asked alex don ginny tracy alex dead asked ginny body gymnasium tracy killed alex hall asked ginny don think tracy going asked ginny going gymnasium tracy alex let ginny tracy ginny started hall stair alex jade horse asked ginny tracy think statue thought going look horses
twelve tasks hercules killing lion beast lair sacred grove zeus ravaged nearby countryside hercules took bow bend mighty club trunk olive tree tore roots weapons valley rocky cleft beast supposed live noon hercules passed finding track monster hearing sound roaring midday place deserted busy plowing cattle strayed fields untended inhabitants shut safe indoors lose cow sheep beast bravest safe hercules passed silent valley began climb wooded hill sun sank low presently heard rustling undergrowth wide clearing saw lion lion warlike mood killed eaten going home sleep enormous monster hairy face dark blood streaked dust padded hill head low making den hercules crouched group bushes fitting arrow string
hercules knew presence artemis begged forgive pleaded command promised shown king beast let presently goddess forgot anger smiled king hoped hercules trouble disappointed fourth labor king thought found dangerous ordered hercules bring boar alive overcome savage beast difficult drag city mycenae alive struggling impossible king thought rubbed hands satisfaction hercules errand night joyful drank wine pondered enemy death hercules sought boar lair attacked spear club till fled drove mountainside forced deep plunged till exhausted picked brute slung upside carried struggling gnashing tusks mycenae presently king news hercules arriving walls mycenae saw distance bent weight vast black savage monster plainly alive
marvelous bull beheld herds held bull huge taller largest kind hair white curly dazzling sun horns silvery water sprung mild eyes deep blue sea king minos vast herds proud seen bull thought snow white cattle breed remembered promise poseidon slaughter beast heart torn beautiful animal nuzzled shoulder put arm neck felt soft coat touched silvery horns simply bear kill festival took place lesser bull walking procession sacrifice occasion remembered moment sacrifice tearing minos disheveled gasping bull panted bull moment say dare disturb sacrifice asked minos angrily bull wait bull sea breath suddenly mad guarding cattle mad dead king minos cattle scattered
aggie hot thirsty hungry tired hands bicycle race won blocks suddenly grabbed handlebars bike careened unexpected stone dashed kitchen suppertime sticky evening expected mother mrs macgregor goodies drink eat kitchen cooking aggie shoved hands pockets jeans wore school fact wore wasn school summer mother continually assured turn puddle butter didn wear shorts kids mother aggie stood dark disappointed sigh remembered mrs macgregor house aggie heard voices backtracked hall listened voices parents sounds closed door father study strange thought closes door think mathematical thoughts moved closer speaking special tone subject supposed important children course aggie hear didn want believe hearing school real estate agent find house
exactly week dinner meat loaf hexagon floor plan arrived father excitement shining black rimmed glasses unrolled unbaked dinner biscuits kitchen table mrs macgregor gave trying cook dinner put hands smock pockets moon patted plans flat aggie stomach turned bet minute going hear re father exclaimed asked mother coming kitchen rooms look snapshot clipped corner moon handed photograph mrs moon peered closely plan notice large room center labeled living library figure light room comes entirely interior leaned paper trapezoid looking father recited trapezoid quadrilateral parallel sides mrs macgregor took hands pockets moon biscuits biscuits moon looked biscuits pointed lifted plan uncooked biscuits flattened started laugh don quadrilateral circles mrs macgregor gave look striding pile pancake dough mother peered photograph tried ignore biscuits difficult suppose house large lilac bushes property
days aggie bye kansas days moons seen mrs macgregor side trip sister days felt aggie months listening disgusting cheerfulness moons found town real estate agent office presented key small map show house father drove mother gave directions map looking ray tooth aggie thought strange needed map find house needed map find house kansas parents didn odd aggie quiet late afternoon turned driveway father enthusiasm covered stunned silence replaced engine sound moved finally climbed opened car doors house mother asked certainly equal picture father pointed yes suppose mother reluctantly admitted picture trees bought stood knee high grass looking oddest habitation seen appeared round perched number steps ground towering leafy trees hanging sides roof rose center small spire
bent give kiss aunt maggie stuffing fitted clothes tightly kiss bounced cheek leaving impression thank aunt maggie edgar muriel dear think happened asked aunt maggie tragically re home bed suppose haven whooping cough shook head thought aunt voice suggested credit give suitcase cup tea refreshment room tell found table bottle sauce tea rings sat drink dark brew telling aunt maggie stirring cup vigorously doctor robinson edgar muriel morning straight breakfast confirmed suspected whooping cough poor loves coughing hearts night goodness pausing cake eating covered strands coconut stuck jam difficult eat tidily retrieved hanging shred tip tongue aunt maggie preoccupied tale notice road whooping cough house dear
room empty course darker breeze sprung creepers tapped faintly windows leafy fingers peering glass overgrown garden door blew snick turn quickly bumping heart miss brindle going treat grownup jolly behave severely tell afraid explore bit dark try going upstairs stumped wide wooden staircase slapping feet noisily humming tune show bit scared rooms floor dark overgrown shrubs elbowed ground floor windows forgot odd feeling downstairs ran happily room room opening cupboards banging shut snubbing nose windowpanes look garden sea red roofs surrounded garden wall jumping steps twos threes twisting corridors found blue bedroom fire smoldering grate wallpaper blue parrots flying jungle purple leaves turned taps bathrooms turned pulled faces looking glasses fixed walls rooms
stood walked slowly cupboard going fling open cheerfully felt sudden reluctance inside silly briskly don suppose seized knob quickly hinge creaked slightly flung door open heart gave jump cupboard bare felt oddly disappointed expected find told dying firelight walls inside cupboard covered pattern rosebuds nursery row wooden pegs children hung clothes going close door fire flared flickering flame lit room brightly moment red cavern coals fell shower sparks moment door frame inside cupboard number pencil marks measuring marks children lived breathed peer fire sunk sullen glow names glimpsed mark read slowly
stopped abruptly looked curiously odd hair look cropped eyes shut say mean told guess assistant pig keeper laughed fondly puzzled frown alas tended hen wen journeyed folk free toiled nearly pig keeping cloak wove loom weaver woman sword smith taught forging trace sadness drawing earthen bowl jacket wheel clay shaper put bowl hands pleases lovely answered yes treasure mean saying assistant pig keeper sure re prydain speak truth princess put left pig keeper comes looking set hand shook head learned weaver alas shaper clay homeward bound kaw found stay glad replied
stifle gasp fear black robed woman glanced coldly dares pass borders true form mean death commands shapes shield mask harper lord showed pig keeper appeared fox forest eagle blind worm deemed serve ends yes pig keeper ease chosen form features creature living lord lure sight companion danger fought side known trusted shrewd warrior weaker lost dismayed lord move pleases defense reason fear pig keeper replied glimpse powers power serve leave stronghold save press mortal danger today sought gain outweighed risk voice lowered secrets deeply guarded assumes shape strength skill greater guise wears slain mortal thing
believe sword asked hurriedly turn weapon serve evil end replied warrior face troubled death lord found means break enchantment unable purpose blade sword thanks fflewddur fflam find path lead depths silent raised head spoke let seek stead ways stranger secret guarded sword hidden find bears swear oath destroy sworn swear forced begged death give live give vengeance answer immediately green flecked eyes searched woman face vengeance gift bestow stiffened hands twisted claws feared fling move trust hoarsely
december worst storms history staggered england coast beach lights brig anita owen barely seen distress light glimmered unable reach safety boston harbor saved miracle reach cap joshua seaman bellowed joshua full grown prime career strong full purpose completely dedicated squinting gloom barely lights vessel yards shore won stay shouted surprise shivering townspeople huddled beach joshua ordered lifeboat launched waves high twelve feet raced sea plunge icy waters meant death seasoned mariner stepped forward townspeople england put boat ship bravery thing throw lives joshua paid heed took steering oar lifeboat pulled knifed angry sea trembled crests huge shot valleys times disappeared foaming billows shore soon lost view lights anita owen clearly visible giant roller crashed boat crew re going yelled seaman captain james calmly ordered oarsmen bail boat remained afloat progress impossible
giant waves pounded lifeboat joshua quick decision trip shouted lifeboat crept closer anita owen captain james directed crew lower person signal roared wind situation demanded precise timing lifeboat vessel crushed dart joshua tried failed successful rescued captain wife sea battering land boat shot ahead flooded giant wave broke fortunately wave drove boat high sand joshua crew trip perilous spars timber anita owen churning water sink lifeboat instant coolly maneuvering dangerous obstacles joshua picked remaining survivors boat emerged blackness townspeople stared disbelief joshua crew aglow surrounded strange eerie light spray froze coats explained veteran mariner townspeople murmured awe later seamen drank deep mugs rum won meaning clear passed joshua continued battle waters forcing sea give prey folks ocean met match
afternoon joshua paced beach waiting vessel draw finally grew dark ship torn loose gertrude abbott sea flung rocks reach hunt gun waves higher launch boat joshua chances won return command leaped boat grabbed steering oar entire crew rowed possessed sea tried batter small craft stricken gertrude abbott joshua quick darted bow survivor lifeboat attempts aboard townspeople hull torn fences piled top hill built bonfire guide rescuers shore joshua neared land wave larger hoisted boat shattered huge boulder crew passengers thrown violent waters hull heartened joshua victories formed human chain pounding breakers picked sea subsided exhausted defeated lifeboat launched joshua crew pulled bertha walker morning lives saved ocean insane denied ripping ship higginson cables hurled death trap crags
charles find father older brothers gave lunch school bell ringing charles run want late comes big boy yelled ready coming street charles saw boys knew going happen tried run past hey boys yelled look pretty today pretty dress boys laughed laughed stop charles big brothers charles ran school fight times tough growing poor easy family eat ate chicken happen money clothes passed child charles socks home school brother wear socks mines times charles trouble tried rob company store wanted food caught spent days jail finally judge let charles promised stay trouble charles ten father died mother hard charles harder getting trouble
kitty give knew wrong learned early kitty born told mother kitty talk teach deaf child speak wrong kitty cherokee mother proved showed kitty put hand mother throat mother speak kitty feel movement kitty try worked grade kitty talking reading lips sixteen kitty showed weeks bed walking cured kitty turned speed sports female motorcyclist licensed honor motorcycle clubs fastest woman water skier record mph kitty broke record drove rocket type car dry lake bed oregon horsepower car neil broke land speed record women hit average speed mph mile straight today kitty stunt woman things regular actors puts danger makes danger part neil works hard television movies set afire part
loved uproar felt lonely home quiet house carla mae liked boys pretended share enthusiasm thought kind dumb taught swear helped arithmetic liked coming house opposite small room bungalow threadbare quiet orderly grandmother fixed hot lunch especially fond feeding eggs thought ailed didn face drawing intended egg eating interesting lot grandma eccentric ideas worked carla mae house lunch find refrigerator fix sandwiches dripping sardines peanut butter cheese brown sugar pickled shrimp thing find horrible delicious combinations mother busy changing diapers warming bottles notice december lunch house needed discussion christmas shopping week christmas friday school vacation big exchanged presents class buy present person drawn
gave big sigh fixing halo knew reason play lead angel anyway tallest hold star bethlehem higher grandma thought kind honor behavior let thinking took churchgoing seriously insisted sunday school church young bible study classes didn longer hear participate services read bible faithfully reading push thick glasses top head hold bible inches face squint magnifying glass found verse liked stubby pencil sharpened paring knife scrawl verse scrap paper add scraps paper cutting recipes patterns newspaper tidbits information line stories newspapers refer fillers thought part paper bolivia producing tons coal largest tomato grown jonas phillips rhode island
today wasn mood idle chatter soon knocked door yanked open grabbed paper hand thanks practically slammed door face say word stood porch giving disgusted look stuck tongue turned steps watched grabbed rope sled street plopped nervously sofa newspaper tried concentrate dick tracy approaching confrontation dad interfering finally home tried stay invented things picking lint sweater polishing brown word dinner grandma looking going plunge pretend interested mashed potatoes reality hated passion dinner dad living room read paper interested helping dishes putting leftovers hated passion grandma usual knew exactly going ask father slowly stuffed leftover potatoes peanut butter jar sounding totally surprised thought think wait till finish dishes
plunged big spruce trees trail faint foot snow fallen sled passed glad sled traveling light fact carried lunch wrapped handkerchief surprised cold certainly cold concluded rubbed numb nose cheek bones mittened hand warm whiskered hair face protect high cheek bones eager nose thrust aggressively frosty air heels trotted dog big native husky proper wolf dog gray coated visible temperamental difference brother wild wolf animal depressed tremendous cold knew traveling instinct told truer tale told judgment reality merely colder fifty colder sixty seventy seventy freezing point thirty meant hundred degrees frost obtained dog thermometers possibly brain sharp consciousness condition cold brain brute instinct experienced vague menacing apprehension subdued slink heels question eagerly movement expecting camp seek shelter build fire
sat snow moment struggled calmness pulled mittens means teeth feet glanced order assure standing absence sensation feet left unrelated earth erect position started drive webs suspicion dog mind spoke sound whip lashes voice dog rendered customary allegiance reaching distance lost control arms flashed dog experienced genuine surprise discovered hands clutch bend feeling fingers forgotten moment frozen freezing happened quickly animal encircled body arms sat snow fashion held dog snarled whined struggled hold body encircled arms sit realized kill dog helpless hand draw hold sheath knife throttle animal released plunged wildly tail legs snarling
pepe wrist flicked head snake blade fly open mid air thump point dug redwood post black handle quivered burst excited laughter rosy ran post pulled knife brought pepe closed blade settled knife carefully listless palm grinned consciously sky ya heavy knife sunk post mama moved forward ship scattered play foolish things knife toy baby stormed thy huge feet eat shoes took loose shoulder hoisted pepe grinned sheepishly half feet look mama cried big lazy catch horse put thy father saddle ride monterey medicine bottle empty salt thou peanut catch horse revolution took place relaxed figure pepe monterey si mama scowled think big sheep buy candy give medicine salt pepe smiled mama put hatband hat relented yes pepe wear hatband voice grew insinuating green handkerchief mama yes quickly return trouble silk green handkerchief
nursery silent empty jungle glade hot high noon walls blank dimensional george lydia hadley stood center room walls began purr recede crystalline distance presently african veldt appeared dimensions sides color reproduced final pebble bit straw ceiling deep sky hot yellow sun george hadley felt perspiration start brow let sun real don wrong wait moment wife hidden beginning blow wind odor middle baked hot straw smell lion grass cool green smell hidden water hole rusty smell animals smell dust red paprika hot air sounds thump distant antelope feet grassy sod papery rustling vultures shadow passed sky shadow flickered george hadley upturned sweating face filthy creatures heard wife say vultures lions re water hole eating lydia don animal george hadley put hand shield burning light squinted eyes
sounds dreadful tie shoes letting shoe tier brush teeth comb hair give bath fun change don think horrid didn took picture painter month wanted learn paint son don want look listen smell play africa shut house soon re considering don think consider father won threats son peter strolled nursery david breakfast asked george hadley thanks trouble david re psychologist hope look nursery saw ago dropped notice peculiar say usual tendency slight paranoia usual children feel persecuted parents constantly walked hall locked nursery explained father children broke night let stay form patterns terrible screaming nursery
house directly quiet midday street narrow opposite balcony yards stood stared flowers flourishing meant cared sun withered yes concluded watered shutters opened saw light heard music scholar thought music exquisite young northerners think exquisite south asked landlord knew lived street replied fact seen enter leave music express terrible thought practicing piece played unbearable night young foreigner slept balcony door open awakened start breeze lifted drapes caught glimpse opposite balcony flowers ablaze beautiful colors midst stood lovely maiden instant scholar closed eyes sure open
tell body looking mirror thing notice body parts head neck truck arms legs inside upper part head brain tells head mean neck connects head trunk trunk tree main part tree part branches grow branches grow trunk body arms legs arms legs muscles bones muscles bones feel skin feel lower part arm feel hard bones raise hand head feel big muscle upper part arm cut arm blood run cry tears flow cheeks warm play perspiration skin body liquids solid parts trunk hollow empty packed full organs organ part body special
parts body kinds cells skin cells thin flat plates blood red millions round red cells fat cells tiny drop fat muscles built cells wrapped bundles nerves thin branches soft white nerve cells hard parts bones teeth built cells live inside bones teeth grow cells body cells exactly breaking ready divide pictures cell divides cells exactly growing cells parts body dividing cells asks course give age body pay attention birthdays keeps growing according plan growing born things difference grow eat sleep night amount exercise plan growing sets times grow fast times grow slow sets stop growing
mind growing born mind grows younger things understanding goes think ways mind grown past arithmetic problems ago learned play games books enjoy reading harder words able follow difficult directions building things gained understanding reasons things help healthy learn brain receive information brain home mind brain millions millions nerve cells nerve cell tiny branches called nerve fibers word fiber means thread nerve fibers wrapped nerves threads twisted cord nerves nerve fibers branching nerve cells brain bring information nerve seeing carries messages brain eyes nerve hearing carries messages ears nerve smell brings information nose nerve fibers ending tongue bring information taste food
thing homer moved walk block wanted find kids age soon found boy size boy throwing baseball garage door hi homer virgil boy throwing baseball playing baseball homer asked kid lives block sherry creep virgil walked sherry shooting marbles front porch hi homer homer believe virgil girl creep wants play baseball lot dents garage door homer asked sherry slider age ten sherry think kid ten wouldn want shoot marbles anymore virgil look homer re kids block let friends don let find friends sherry acting bored let homer sat porch steps virgil sat captain atomic mister babble virgil
school election hottest race homer class president rotten johnny top ten meanest kids vote rotten johnny sure mother unfortunately mother student johnny decided homer look bad end set painting large sign south wall school sign read homer eats bugs big letters sign didn dislike homer truth told kids school known eat bug accident rotten johnny painted large sign north wall school read homer dumb didn stir things knew homer grades dumb fact pretty bright rotten johnny big trouble slopping school walls paint principal chips called talk rotten johnny chips need tips win election don tearing fellow showing fellow advice rotten johnny tell peach guy didn say tell chips waving hand show rotten johnny hunch lose election
allan ago decided captain hughes liar bully shouted ship big tom mate stand allan quiet captain began rant rave captain hughes sort looking excuse place sailor irons mutiny captain shipowners share pay ship reached aberdeen home port scotland sailors led hard ships sea allan peered ahead whitish mist iceberg seas sharp lookout catch angry word captain mate continued argument captain bullying voice allan think crab retired sailor spend hours talking allan british royal navy crab royal navy twelve crab told allan bullying midshipman war stand stamp fingers young boys climbed level midshipman fell fall seen dozen boys aloft rigging swung hats cheered body deck
slim chance rescue passing ship spot ice island anne forbes late turning home whaling ships doubt left polar seas whalers area chances ship sailing close ice field million dawn allan stirred fog finally lifted late anne forbes stood looked frozen ice field thing noticed tall mountain ice hundred yards looking ice peak felt stirring hope obviously iceberg icebergs knew originally frozen snow salt freshwater iceberg survive ten days weeks night tasted chip ice found salty guessed unbroken ice field stretched frozen seawater trapped freshwater iceberg grip raisin surface cake allan turned slowly looking spot anne forbes rubbed eyes looked
allan passed miserable night wasn bad night lying bottom trench sheltered wind able catch half hour cold feet hard ice lying proved uncomfortable sit rearrange canvas blankets try fold body warm comfortable dawn finally woke feet folded set pieces sailcloth began swinging arms body warm ready start hacking ice cabin weather cold bad storm freezing temperatures able survive night shelter kind fourth awkward blow anchor tip hit piece framing wood captain window allan set anchor took lance jabbed uncovered top window afraid window small crawl happened tools cut tough oak planks ship stern enlarge window frame fortunately window large crawl easily half hour hard cleared ice rest window broke glass lance crawled
born blind record says record strictly true fought darkness mother womb months early fact light earth weighed pounds fragile gossamer born earlier thread snapped hour parents spoken nostalgic moments infant son cry heard heart faltered failed pediatrics quantum jump human incubator artificial womb recently invented perfected scientific ingenuity premature babies previously doomed die survived quitting warmth security mother body inside glass sided box environment astronaut space capsule thermostat maintained warmth blood cylinder alongside incubator fed oxygen lungs oxygen error doctors scientists nurses twenty hour duty faulkner hospital west roxbury massachusetts understand nature delicate balance air oxygen candle flame die oxygen lenses eyes began mist steam window window cloth wipe misting eyes
fourth grandmother principal storyteller believing firmly rewards saying rosary wheezed fairy stories rare dramatic conviction serialized story concerned gallant characters called beanie cecil sailed works ship lena mortal enemy oooh possessed fewer fifty million heads alert pull ship lena ocean floor reason believed toilet bowl give oooh opportunity thrust heads drag hidden depths totally convinced oooh designs tommy sullivan result phobia phobia powerful child held natural pressures bladder point rupture pressure unbearable ran bathroom released huge explosion convinced discharged barrels hold monster bay frightening evening dashed toilet knowing late father left seat screams coincided small backside hitting cold water clammy claws oooh grandmother dying wheeze turned death rattle words remember tommy watching
mood games boil buttocks throbbed miss kelly sit dining room table knew painfully aching ankle ace bandaged restrict games enjoyed ball games hide seek played street gang obvious miss kelly table games fast heard iq tests messrs wechsler invented hayes adapted standard iq tests blind children test square dozen blocks wood shapes miss kelly rattled numbers growing sequence asked repeat recited order backward mistake prolong absurd diversions concentrated hard gave questions answers focus total attention half hour later heard miss kelly speaking mother kind awed whisper church mrs sullivan genius family genius heard word remember wondering relation benevolent slave appeared aladdin rubbed lamp innocence entered special advanced class kindergarten perkins school blind waterton massachusetts
juan lived uptown top floor story apartment house breath finally reached top unlocked door apartment empty father mother older sister worked wouldn home thirty juan glad small apartment later family home wouldn room breathe threw books couch bed night took guitar corner stood father guitar felt hands brown wood sparkled late afternoon sun juan held moment began play music filled room shutting sounds street notes drifted guitar juan beach sun warm sea splashed sand night mrs marks thought juan tried help happier school help remembered talk juan mother homesick mother likes play guitar guess reminds puerto rico mrs marks idea thought worked give try mrs marks announced class going contest
inspector looked pleased dad began talking pools friends tired waiting dad give word soon boy jumped dad looked pool packed kids believe stayed dad grumpy evening gave orders pool morning dip soon dawn kids disturb surface pool littered oak leaves blown neighbor tree raking leaves dad house muttering wasn going spend dip fishing oak leaves pool screened roofed loudly days workmen built solid walls feet high screen walls put nice green roof entire structure pool beautifully free leaves didn dad simply roaring wasn leaves neighbor inspector fined dad public pool permit mean pool dad roared complained roof cut view inspector explained inspector pool wasn legal feet line feet inches
receive signal scientists receiver built car truck large loop antenna top number roads roads biologists carry small receiver learn animal biologist turns antenna strongest signal strongest signal animal finds compass direction point draws line direction map drives hundred yards takes compass reading plots map biologist draws lines map point cross marks spot animal point lines cross fix biologists talkie radios pairs bearing points getting fix animal minutes trace travels animal sleeps den biologist receiver find animal scientist surprise skunk signal middle swamp walked direction signal signal strong knew radio ten feet unlikely spot skunk spend scientist decided skunk scratched free collar left swamp
ago pictures painted lived caves hunted animals food skins bones weapons tools human depended animal bound hunting pictures painted walls cave shelters animal pictures centuries cave paintings simply showed animals standing wolves deer bison horses tigers huge prehistoric ancestors elephant known mammoths paintings deep inside caves daylight reach part ancient magic ceremonies prehistoric hunters believed picturing animal power animal mind centuries passed drew pictures animals merely stand shown action reindeer locked antlers bison shown stumbling ground spear side herd deer swam river heads showing line represented water pictures pictures stories told looked seen talked pictures record experiences wanted remember wanted children remember cave paintings known today north spain south france
drifting sands egypt stand pyramids excited imagination centuries pyramid cheops selfish ruler hated subjects smaller pyramid king unloved cheops pyramid smallest beautiful pyramid built king son cheops character ruled justly wisely honored loved kingdom legend told pyramid told believed king built pyramid wife morning lady named doris garden bathe bath open sky water eagle soaring high overhead saw bright jeweled sandals swooping carried royal bird flew southward reached memphis capital country eagle beginning discover brightest things passed royal palace king sat open court dispensing justice bird decided rid useless burden dropped sandal fell lap king surprised sudden appearance lady slipper royal lap king took hand closely examined struck delicacy beauty sandal resolved find
want tell easy describe saying easy abc say writing easy abc alphabet invented alphabet write sounds words making pictures words write say find parent alphabet write english space ancient land place greece mountainous country hundreds rocky islands shores greeks curious earth curious nature explained nature lively myths stories heroes fascinating today greeks ago curious phoenician alphabet saw borrowed writing phoenician prince credit teaching greeks worked soon greeks began borrowed alphabet interesting discovery letters represented sounds greeks language worked greeks sounds phoenicians true languages try clearing throat remove imaginary feather sound heard english common languages
fine early june father suggested log camp week end course eager camp stands edge woods cabin damp chilly father hustled george logs lay fire fireplace father started fire wrong smoke puffed room streaming chimney soon coughing sneezing brought damp logs george father complained took pile put shed summer george answered father clogging chimney ladder look top minutes father perched roof rest find suddenly father called things look chimney lifted live opossum father brought wriggling creature ladder darted doghouse stayed rest afternoon evening morning took chunks meat chopped carrots brought surprise clinging shivering babies size mice hidden inside pouch afternoon days fun watching adopted opossum family
want read books enjoyment girls boys read book week school idea plan pleasure reading pick book happens hand month class list dozen books enjoy reading choose committee gather suggestions list members read book reviews juvenile magazines committee chosen visit public library learn books found member class read heard book write title author slip paper hand committee chairman try kinds books list books fiction adventure tales books events history books topics science books poetry kinds wish member class try read books list month prepare book list turn pages find rules capital letters follow true choose book friend read told enjoyed plan card file opinions books written members group
aunt grace elinor asked politely ready dad says history castle tell facts find history book answered aunt grace let happen find things walls story tell andrew shrugged took key box door immediately ian ollie started squabbling carry big important looking key worth fuss let ollie carry elinor suggested castle ian turn key lock let ollie ran ahead waving key feeling important sky cleared air heavy sweet smell hawthorn damp earth country nice thought elinor gazing fields hedges rocky hillside castle stood didn say aloud andrew say boring stood rise worn path wound small pond rocky hillside final stretch path steep narrow children breath scrambled door ollie pushed key big keyhole ian gave wail let ian turn elinor ollie reluctantly allowed ian key
elinor ian roused andrew stairs reached doorway lower level fearing find ollie lying floor limp stricken found bird doorway stopped moment theater curtain parts audience transported place stood riveted scene fire burning hearth big fire sort meat broiling spit smoke thick smell grease billowed room walls hangings coarse woven fabric floor strewn rushes candle flickered guttered niche wall furniture room heavy oak table set wooden bowls benches actors stage sat fire woman teasing wool sheepskin fair haired child wearing tunic coarse cloth idly rushes floor child turned looked direction children gasped astonishment hair features surely belonged ollie seconds transformed child ollie elinor advancing room andrew elinor ian longer audience separated stage footlights
grabbed shoulder thrust roughly room re going find pushing ahead stairs thought key occurred hide door risk carrying woman asked key looked hide buried bird rabbit hole thought place close door spotted hole roots gorse bush thrust key inside happened glance ollie caught strange cunning look eye forget key tower ollie tractable halfway path place women talking andrew rooted spot blood curdling yells heard ollie bolted path andrew grabbed pulled hut commotion huts pouring shouting quiet hut andrew thrust skin pulled ollie inside
trade winds brought columbus west indies ships sailed atlantic spain pushed northeast trade winds northern hemisphere winds named direction blow map page northeast trade winds blow northeast southwest called northeast winds trade winds winds blow steadily equator columbus hoped sailing westward find route india blown southwestward discovered islands call west indies landed group islands called bahamas named tiny island san salvador spanish means holy savior returning spain columbus sailed coasts cuba hispaniola voyages atlantic lands caribbean sea columbus explorers spain portugal explorers claimed nations land latin america spain portugal soon arrived settle lands claimed nations spain portugal italy france known latin countries languages developed latin language ancient rome land rio grande cape horn belonged spain portugal entire region known latin america spanish portuguese official languages
west indies form crescent islands crescent extends cuba bahama islands florida island trinidad south america west indies include fifty inhabited islands hundreds uninhabited bits land islands tops mountains rise ocean floor low islands built shallow areas coral reefs larger islands mountain ranges coastal lowlands mountains west indies lower elevation mexico central america limit amount land suitable agriculture haiti saying mountains mountains picture page shows description interior puerto rico andes mountains dominate western south america highest mountain north america mt mckinley alaska summit feet sea level andes thirty mountain peaks rise higher mt mckinley map page shows parallel ranges mountains andes ranges deep valleys high plateau areas largest plateaus extends southern peru bolivia lake titicaca located plateau find lake plateau map andes barrier lands east lands west continuous mountain chain
mexico united states share boundary buenos dias son says customs inspector boys girls show tourist cards cross boundary united states mexico countries friendly neighbors passport order visit mexico mexican government decided tourist cards boundary united states mexico stretches miles part natural boundary natural boundary follows natural feature river lake mountain range natural boundary united states mexico portion rio grande ciudad juarez river mouth find map pages part united states mexican boundary mean find part boundary map pages morning boys girls north americans english translation spanish greeting customs inspector mexicans refer united states north americans mexicans live north america mexico considered part latin america found chapter rio grande international boundary assume river boundary line easy draw map separation countries row markers
oldest remains archaeologists found middle east iraq ago iraq called babylonia earlier times area known sumer region powerful city states small kingdoms learned deal lived sumerian cities thousand ago excavations archaeologists homes sumerians clothes wore food ate guess looked statues sumerians short stocky greatest discoveries archaeologists sumerians ability write writings stones date fifty hundred pictures formed sentences gradually pictures simple outlines objects sound corresponded original object word ka human head soon sound symbol resembled head meant mouth sumerians later wrote simpler characters began clay stone writing tablets characters clay tablets write faster speed cutting tool called stylus wedge shaped point stylus stamped symbols clay moist writing called cuneiform wedge shape impression
solomon david son israelite kingdom reached peak power splendor building jerusalem magnificent temple solomon built yahweh jehovah site temple excavated covered mosque detailed description bible idea structure beauty size temple wood overlaid fine gold embellished precious stones palm trees chains decorated walls golden angels wide spreading wings guarded holy holies hidden veil blue purple crimson fine linen holy holies solomon ark covenant brought city david zion ark sacred wooden box carried israelites egypt contained stone tablets engraved laws yahweh moses laws known ten commandments ark sacred objects place solomon offered prayer temple put ark covenant lord children israel covenant yahweh promise protect obeyed laws israelites ruled tribal leaders judges judge saul leader rival philistine king israelites
early eighteenth century strict jewish leaders fearful jews absorbed cultures forget ancient heritage true religion result fears appearance movement named zionism zion stronghold jerusalem conquered king david centuries ago jews began think widely scattered reunited live nation nation necessarily palestine hungarian jew theodor herzl turned original effort planned worldwide movement called zionist congress basel switzerland continued hold congresses politics betterment jews americans gave money support activities jews felt jewish nation needed preferred ancient homeland palestine goal think americans gave money zionist movement war britain conquered area war acquired palestine mandate league nations mandate territory assigned conquering nation turn responsible government established area early mandate steady increase jewish immigration palestine result riots arabs jews began arabs afraid forced leave palestine terrible persecutions jews adolf hitler nazi germany began
brain look animals brain wondered brain important part nervous system nerves army messengers brain acts general directing impulses telling let pretend moment walking sidewalk hear sound airplane stop walking turn watch plane fly overhead consider brain meantime place brain sending messages leg muscles causing walk sound impulses plane traveled ear brain interpret mean airplane flying overhead experience decide look plane brain send impulses stop leg muscles turn head begin receiving impulses eyes plane brain sending impulses heart beating lungs breathing blood flowing stomach digesting organs functioning alive addition brain performing minor tasks causing wonder scratch left heel toe foot
heart muscle didn study muscles heart organ remember organ group tissues special job perform heart organ pumping blood live heart stopped beating heart shape pear big fist big feel tip beating heart slants left middle chest drew line feel beating inches shoulder fairly idea heart actually located heart divided hollow sections top called auricles bottom called ventricles blood enters heart auricles pumped ventricles heart works pumps joined side side side pumps blood lungs left side pumps blood rest body left side heart larger stronger side heart beat muscles contracts relaxes close fist open slightly close idea heart works
plants eat birds eat fish dogs eat need food grow healthy food heat energy replaces body cells food advantage tastes order food reach cells bloodstream oxygen pass directly blood lungs arteries big permit potatoes string beans carrots floating food broken dissolved lump sugar dissolves water process making food eat ready body called digestion alimentary canal passageway food travels body digestive process begins mouth chewing teeth grind food small pieces mix liquid called saliva important food chewed extra burden put stomach stomach let saliva mouth appears eat thought tasty stimulate flow saliva body liquid chemicals breaks foods won dissolve water softens easy swallow food passes mouth stomach esophagus food hot cold feel going
walked shore lake pond remember things saw saw frog jump water saw turtle rock saw lily pads grass reeds water weeds plants grow shallow water shore water striders gliding surface lake small fishes darting shadows lily pads dragonfly flitting notice swarms tiny insects hovering water watched swallow catch insects wing list saw include living things list include include organisms hidden view small seen microscope organism living thing plant animal pretend walk lake pick rocks getting stuck bottom ooze pretend powerful light turn water deep sunlight longer reaches feet pretend special goggles goggles magnify smallest plants animals shallow water shore warm rich plant animal thing notice special goggles
suppose organism died decomposers break decay tissue animals calcium stored bones teeth calcium nutrients returned ground picked dissolved rain soaking ground carried sea suppose fox drinking water downstream fox calcium freed decomposers farmer drawing water earthworm tunnels soil tree roots water continual flow calcium land sea flow calcium sea ocean animals shells calcium die drift bottom adds oceans free supply calcium ooze soft sea floor calcium pressed turned rock millions later rock thrust mountain exposed air begins worn rain wind frost calcium part rock dissolved carried streams carried woods farmlands plants animals rest returned sea cycle complete oceans storehouses carbon air living things kg person instance kg carbon
humans destroy environment chance purpose happens scientists trying find watching part environment destroyed purpose learn happen group scientists chose forest hampshire study known hubbard brook experimental forest typical forest kinds living things act energy flow patterns giving nutrients follow cycles question scientists happens nutrients part forest wholly destroyed find happens nutrients things normal studied water cycle nutrients brought environment main ways rain carries atmosphere supplied rocks wear nutrients leave environment streams flowing carry nutrients scientists took measurements chose section forest measured nutrients brought rain measured washed stream tell nutrient affected tell building leaving think found normal forest part system pretty constant job learning happens part forest destroyed
father talking dog educational boy reason cat father talks lot anyway maybe lawyer habit small guy gray curly hair maybe thinks roar lot big hairy tough guy mom thin quiet upsets asthma apartment live middle york city don heavy drapes rugs mom fries food doctors figure dust smoke asthma worse don think dust think pop roaring big hassle led getting cat earned extra money baby sitting boy corner park spent money record record piece father telling son birds bees think funny pop blows stack re going play stuff house roars outdoors anyway baby sitting baby talk records age money newspaper delivery route dog jeff ten miles chasing rabbits saturday pop say patiently rabbits avenue honest
combing hair morning sits looks nose reflection mirror appears taking inventory hmm sandy hair smooth front brown eyes dark worth nickel chin bad look mirror say black face yellow eyes white whisker white whisker catches sight mirror tail twitches momentarily cat claws taps mirror softly sure lying bed reading curl knees book days getting restless listen record noise scratching rug let loose apartment sure mom asthma figure reintroduce outdoors city nice sunday morning april sit stoop cat sits tall neat pear shaped closes eyes halfway glances street condescending steps lies sunny dusty spot middle sidewalk
thing nick sort think plans house comes mine coon age record won bring house machine stinks buys needle don house mom pretty nice boy cook ordinary saturday lunch makes pizza real spaghetti homemade cookies nut cake sitting school talks waves arms shouts orders kids kid re opposite mom pop shouting house hassle bike riding twelfth avenue mom tell quiet pretty feel maybe think kids things told mom home ready listen griping teacher blames didn kids phone string places find mother interrupting mom likes cook meals holidays nick mother
night took radio bed wore hat slept draft window bed tucked radio flaps hat radioed sleep comfort tune music hear deep feelings played tune didn want hear bones bed hear mother voice distance dream snuggled blankets wished disappear dream drive red convertible top going place warmer mother voice closer don harder gettin bed night gettin bed morning slowly covers mother watched rub sleep eyes bed ready shivered corduroy pants hall bathroom mrs hill coming john turned radio loud hoping wouldn able hear say morning times thought practiced cranky volume wasn loud
watched mother rinsing coffee cup finally money radio batteries gettin low batteries low suit hear box think don thing contributing nothin stolen object sir big thought steal batteries aw mama wishing brought subject mother looked glad nag law don nag tells trying help bad law re headin sure sin don mend ways pushed bowl didn feel hungry anymore mother sat looked troubled eyes voice softer don re gettin disappointment turnin bad daddy left don watch re goin headed wrong road hurtful silence look mother table picked school books coat banged door
ran looked shoulder didn rock ahead tripped landing knees elbows mound trash looked saw looking looked closer saw face alley cat cat tried feet fell ground pulled trash cat hiding place closer cat eye battle badly hurt recent scrape body battlefield cuts scratches nicks bruises wide gash throat saw cold air blood clot stopped bleeding anyway cat tried feet fell pain hear school bell urging leave slowly brushed checked radio hat secure turned reached edge empty lot turned looked cat noticed palm hand bleeding wondered cat stay cold scratched hand stinging thought pain slight compared cat
grandmother caught door louise bradshaw don coming house dirty blessed mess susan called mother full ruined scrap clothes owns argue put crab bucket money edge porch stepped overalls underneath oldest cotton dress hang line obeyed pinning straps securely clothesline immediately breeze took straight peter pan donned fly yard land bay humming goodwill thou fount blessing tune heart sing thy grace grandmother going today smart haul caroline shelling peas kitchen table smiled sister mercy wheeze stink crab shanty gritted teeth smile framing dollars mother stove dollars forty cents beamed reached propane stove pickle money morning wash ready eat liked suggested dirty wash real lady mother
caroline months mother brought island grown fat tinned milk formula caroline continued mother breast twelve months rare snapshot sitting front stoop summer half caroline tiny exquisite blonde curls framing face glowing laughter arms outstretched taking picture hunched fat dark shadow eyes cut sideways caroline thumb mouth pudgy hand covering face winter whooping cough mother thinks sick tent set remembers captain billy ferry rush caroline mother hospital childhood diseases chicken pox heavy case sport scars mark bridge nose chicken pox scar noticeable thirteen father referred teasingly looked perfectly bewildered burst tears suppose father treating roughness treated son certainly differently treated caroline father nearly island waterman
gave grandma coffee stood noisily sucked air coffee sugar whipped sugar bowl clearly annoyed able anticipate complaint face trying decide shift wouldn prepared hmm finally squeaky tone spooned heaping measures sugar cup didn thank expected thanks delighted outsmarted forgot began whistling praise lord pass ammunition returned sugar bowl kitchen whistling women crowing hens end don grandma terrific circus freak show clearly shocked couldn put finger specific sin thou shalt thou shalt whistle sass screamed clearly gotten sobered elaborate caricature humility grandma hemmed coffee answering soon gotten book settled couch reading clock pretended hear going ferry thought wouldn hurt think mother likely heavy groceries
loch ness miles mile wide parts feet deep freezes small shake land lake geologists say loch ness located fault huge crack earth crust thousands ago ice age loch ness buried glacier ice helped carve deep cut lake bed ice age loch ness arm north sea waters salty northern scotland began rise slowly loch ness cut ocean shallow river ness drained rivers streams poured fresh water loch ness lake filled fresh water water stained dark brown highland peat bogs swimmer able feet underwater swims loch ness human loch plant bit seaweed grows shore plenty fish slender eels swarm loch ness big brown trout salmon weigh pounds towns loch south end fort augustus fishing villages resort hotels dotted shore ruined castle bay loch narrows northern end river ness miles leads sea
seeing monsters things calmed strange animals shy road learned rate saw nessie monster called newspapers lost interest monster war ii britain important things worry monsters scottish lake war loch ness monster spotted strange case water racer death september mrs finlay harry seen monster john cobb loch ness known fastest earth held land speed record lake try set water speed record jet propelled boat attempt mirror calm water cobb boat attained speed mysterious pattern ripples appeared front speeding boat struck waves bounced exploded cobb killed ripples caused monster scientists scoffed idea real loch ness monster wanted prove beast real monster buffs english engineer named tim brought movie camera lake spent months trying photograph nessie
believe monster huge eel eels commonly feet full grown larva babies inches look small leaves glass caught eel larva south africa feet adult fish truly huge easily size loch ness monster monster kind sea cow sea cow mammal ugly bristly face looks similar walrus tusks kind sea cow grew feet large bulky body lived arctic islands north siberia believed sea cow killed hunters nessie sea cow kind seen monster huge amphibian relative frogs newts modern amphibians small ago huge kinds called lived feet small feet fossil remains animals found scotland type amphibian believed disappeared earth million ago amphibians cold blooded fish move land nessie giant newt monster animal backbone worm mollusk
stone age type descended creatures existence competed animals food food gathering activity crow crawfish cow cougar antelope anteater improved food gathering methods increased numbers fell earliest manlike creatures knowledge thicker skulls smaller brains modern extremely slanting foreheads powerful jaws short muscular necks hands early began rely weapons hunting protection sharp canine teeth needed gradually prominent heavy jaws neck muscles slowly changed variety sounds mouth throat greatly increased early learned sounds words early learn gradually found ways nature serve campfire sites reveal learned fire necessarily start fire protection animals later warmth cooking lived caves thousands building houses wore hides furs making clothes bones stones tools actually learned tools
animals domesticated stone age domestication begun ways animals especially young playful children naturally attracted children introduced animals family circle pets dogs joined hunt part hunters captured young animals birds attract adult animals eventually hunters pets pigs soon moved human settlements accord eat food spilled thrown unfortunately rats likewise cats animals helped hunting source meat hides realized animals heavy farm breeding animals milk eggs wool later animals performed farm activities attention paid improving developing tools weapons stone improved advances weaving spinning basketry pottery homes larger temples built group activities organized history peoples patriarchal patriarchal society father head family wife children obey early farming societies mother head family type family called matriarchal
europe asia africa stone age turned sea skillful navigators boats materials areas carpenters learned planking wood areas skins animals stretched light frame boats eskimos today areas bundles reeds tied boats large safe seaworthy oars paddles developed sails soon bronze age carried seafaring tradition begun stone age ancestors metal tools greater skill enabled improvements large sea going merchant ship narrow warship developed bronze age archaeologists skin diving exploration methods recently found bronze age wreck ninety feet water turkish coast piece piece wreck floated ashore reassembled careful study showed wreck merchant ship thirty feet bits pottery apparently cargo ship bronze age tools weapons packed baskets ship carried copper ingots stamped markings indicating cyprus examination wood planking disclosed vessel built wood syria floating shop tin copper bronze scrap turned tools weapons bronze age
teddy stuck head jet clubhouse yelled late chuck leader jets calling roll jim called jim teddy called teddy oscar called oscar chuck sammy ben brother member chuck mom bring ben chuck looked sammy mean face mean voice tag stay today quiet ben chuck give treasurer report ben boys wanted buy football started talk ways earn money forgot chuck candy store sign window says jelly bean contest guess jelly beans jar closest number wins prize football guess football boys shouted let jim let win football ran door pushed shoved trying maple street ran jim lead wait called sammy wait want count jelly beans didn wait jets lined front candy store jelly bean jar window
mark took look sky mountains turned looked trail patrick fighting snow hard climbing trail patrick longer rich mark pointed older turned called wind patrick older stopped looked brushing snow eyes mark pointed sky head patrick nodded began walk faster trail mark rich friend patrick ghost town bear deep rocky mountains patrick miner asked mark rich help find lost uranium mine mountain town patrick reached side young friends storm patrick mark snow turned pointed dark spot side mountain snowy trail look mark opening face mountain looks cave let climb patrick storm sure wind roared snow blowing faces eyes
suddenly began heavy storm rocks snow ended roar wind dust snow fell patrick rich mark called climbed heavy snow help called rich worked snow ran patrick side pulled deep snow patrick stood brushed snow eyes face rich don rocks brushed geiger counters asked patrick rich listen mark hear listened cold ghostly laugh laugh carried wind laugh sure laugh lost noise roaring storm mark tried kill rich excitedly let rich turned headed side mountain cave wait rich mark called rich climbing cave stop tried kill rich going let
rich eating sitting fire bad bad mark tell thing eat rich hard laughed rich walked cave wait storm soon rich fire going wood mark found cave patrick ghost bear asked mark began ghost seen bear miners talked seen mines walked streets town night ghost asked mark ghost miner killed mine cave patrick looking gold found killed gold killing look cave ghost miner walks town looking killer seen ghost miner patrick rich laughed softly sure miner mark mark saw mark ghost don rock snow fell rich laugh ghost laugh laugh asked patrick
ali baba wanted cave minute ran side hill heard leader thieves ali baba cried open sesame hidden door opened doorway door closed ali baba found huge cave filled rich goods gold thieves carried ali baba trembled fear thieves find quickly ali baba cried open sesame ran cave found horse left woods led cave loaded big bags gold poor beast hurried cave called shut sesame home fast horse travel wife believe ali baba told rich eyes sparkled joy saw gold ali baba happy talk gold big mistake told brother cassim found gold ali baba kindhearted told cassim words opened magic door give half riches cave ali baba brother mean selfish fellow want half gold cave wanted
strawberry born farm months ago sold strawberry master decided send market poor calf didn supposed end meat roast table fact strawberry pleased loaded train fine adventure fellow train took city train brought strawberry yards calves cows pigs turned meat roasts thousands cattle cages calf hoped friends animals reason strawberry put cage course lucky knew short strawberry grew lonely hungry forgotten put cage corner feed turn meat roast hungry strawberry began look cage minutes strawberry found broken board fence pushed pushed hole big soon calf found street eat
days emperor china lived beautiful palace colored glass stood largest lovely garden silver bells tied flowers music wind blew emperor garden visitors home wrote books telling beautiful wrote flowers smelled soft moonlight wandered garden paths wrote silver bells music wrote books emperor garden tell nightingale sang trees garden fine small bird soft song emperor read book garden happened heard nightingale sing song read beautifully sang called son prince hear bird told boy invite palace tonight prince trouble finding knew nightingale found kitchen girl cleaned palace pots pans knew bird sang soft songs garden ask nightingale emperor prince kitchen girl
knowing barter night qat brought pig animal created knew night seen soon night heard called qat bring strange animal night circled beast looked snout stared curly tail peculiar animal qat call animal named pig lord night night examined pig closely fat qat smiled nodded night reached poked pig pig began snort squeal night burst laughter strange pig qat want return pausing qat exchange want secret bringing darkness night agreed addition showed qat bring sleep presented gifts delay qat returned land saw coming rejoiced ran greet stopped short fell silent saw carried leader braver rest stepped forward lord qat bring asked qat looked cage holding gifts friend birds creatures dawn dawn muttered
knows anansi spider turned spider carried sneaky ways don believe anansi tricky fellow listen happened squirrel owned farm village anansi lived family squirrel hard working farm prosperous farm saw squirrel sure grew bumper crop grain fine anansi hunting wanderings happened beautiful sight grain ripening sun field anansi told squirrel sitting branch tree nearby belong belongs squirrel answered anansi asked anansi surprised sale squirrel answered shortly mine give want anansi announced want enjoy fruits labor want squirrel worked hard grain field sale price added say anansi agreed think end matter course night anansi family field squirrel sleeping path anansi children whispered squirrels don need paths anansi answered move easily branch branch
seen el dorado lying tear heart body de grimly staring bed deathbed pale sighed tell lies speak truth die de threatened seen el dorado eyes bed sank pillow dream whispered tell ordered el dorado gilded priest king spreads oil body powders gold dust body completely covered gold el dorado nobles court lake line shores gilded nobles ride rafts center icy waters sing dance festival sick de licked lips muttered coldly el dorado stands throws treasures lake treasures de repeated greedily kind treasures precious jewels jewelry gold shape human monstrous beings dishes gold decorated gems voice trailed silence face grew pale hands cold lifeless de shook roughly think escape death asked
readers skills subject book skill making inferences inference words mean exactly say mean look actual words real meaning instance suppose read big test jamie going circles think jamie spinning top course author real meaning jamie mind confused going round round harder mindy tried show felt lips shook eyes grew moist author real meaning lips eyes author talking mindy feelings tense unhappy girl understood examples understand surely exact meaning words looking words making inferences inference simply guess based facts authors avoid saying exactly mean purpose want readers minds want readers discover things kind reading fun author total meaning reader inferences inferences help
left roy owner burned house lt chisholm fire department detective woman ms insurance company early morning picture touched notes ms clipboard owns houses town hard rent moved bachelor says visited friends concord night hour drive home arrived corner house burning phone tried garden hose water power stumbled yards nearest house called fire department late says losses costly grand piano fireplace ms detective talking put pressure whispers started fire ms started fire modern art mean ask fashioned art clear picture left doubt meaning looked real clearly young looking ugly clearly happy sad excited calm picture told ask questions modern art tell ask answer questions inferences instance picture page mean
college students crazy things ago climbing walls picture college illinois shows ten students climbing walls climb wall think carefully suppose weekend rainy suppose stay house didn friday afternoon monday morning later told friend awful weekend sunday night family climbing walls family climbing walls course words didn mean exactly say real memory family restless jumpy arguing things jumping throats words mean say instance think words foot mouth head names parts body ways body meant foot mountain mountain foot foot mountain base mountain mountain rests words mouth head mouth river main opening river head company
mongols fierce strong warlike expert horsemen rode small shaggy ponies battle able eat sleep horseback advantages expert horsemanship look map page mongols group mongols spread south conquered china group moved west conquered lands including russia mongol chiefs ruled lands conquered iron hand expected received instant obedience forced ruled pay taxes hundreds mongols ruled russia manner part russia north rule part called chief town moscow poor land kiev divided princes princes fought gradually princes stronger took lands weaker princes rulers moscow grew stronger mongols driven completely russia rulers rulers russia strong mongol influence remained russian lived iron rule mongols strong rulers commanded strict instant obedience rulers
working communist revolution russia devoted entire lives vladimir known nikolai lenin lenin exile switzerland revolution broke lenin believed russia lead communism germans offered send sealed train lenin accepted offer war zone russia sealed train lenin group fellow communists called arrived st petersburg april summer fall lenin followers november ready armed workers soldiers command seized government buildings nobles government officers fled terror duma fell soon lenin head kind russian government communist government lenin step russia war government signed peace agreement germany exchange peace russia gave large areas territory kind war ended hopes peace russia russians government communist armies spent fighting russia britain france united states soldiers help overthrow communists lenin afraid monarchy brought tsar nicholas ii wife children killed peace finally russia
look population map previous page area live compare map landform map reasons live regions look land map page areas industry found areas oil fields area mainly herding grain farming major activity study transportation map opposite roads railroads find soviet industry looking transportation routes soviet union half population lives works farms farms entire farm farm country differences due land owned soviet union soviet union farmer piece land works collective farm farm collective farm farmers land farmers sell crops share profits sell amount crops government government sell food low price farmers farms farms huge large acres land farm owned government farms specialist
thing called civilization idea agree involves complicated small tribes villages archaeologists think cities signs civilization civilization involves things writing trade complicated manufacturing high levels art government things mankind produce primitive villages lived cities depended hunting gathering wild plants simple farming hunting gathering took lot energy adult spend getting food early developed simple form agriculture cut trees burned form small clearings forest dug stumps simple sticks hoes planted crops called slash burn agriculture slash burn farming sound hunting differences simple societies civilizations takes specialists civilization develop specialists spend task sewing cloth making pottery trading able trade products food things need food growers makers products specialists early taught pottery tools began spend part trading things
sumerian civilization lasted hundreds despite brilliance sumer slowly declined knows exactly ruin farmland ruined common thing eat everyday salt salt makes land infertile salt guess live sea atlantic pacific ocean water fresh salty suppose irrigate land water sea ocean salt look map sumerians water irrigate land suppose happened salt water ago set cities upper part tigris euphrates rivers famous cities babylon emperor lived called babylonians babylonians lived farther river sumerians farther river salty water fields babylon fertile sumer grew weaker babylon stronger babylonians defeat land neighbors invasion history area babylon emperor armies conquer lands middle east babylonian empire grew larger powerful babylon grew wealthy center trade wealth part
try inventing system writing hieroglyphics happens pictures try write fast egyptian signs pictures try writing happiness picture language ideas emotions difficult say picture language hieroglyphics written paper paper wood egyptian desert trees egyptians paper reeds grew nile substance called papyrus reeds split woven writing surface stronger types paper egyptians nile reeds boats think reed boats strong recently scientist explorer named thor heyerdahl tried find strong egyptian boats egyptian drawings papyrus guide reed boat built sailed boat thousands miles atlantic america think proved egyptians america sail cities look map sailed easier sail walk desert egyptian boats sailed lands brought food cloth beautiful carvings babylon phoenicia cyprus return goods egyptians copper tin gold pottery wood
thousand ago christ born knew lived believed flat call western europe end flat find western europe map page modern countries include think land ago divided nations today parts crowded busy cities today italy greece cities paris london small towns farmers members warlike tribes lived raiding stealing peaceful farms towns traders weavers shepherds earliest europeans information paintings found walls deep caves look picture cave painting page cave paintings tell modern scholars ancient ago invaders moved lands cave dwellers invaders brought europe archaeologists studied remains villages say farmers hunting animals place place stayed place cave dwellers hunted hungry winter find animals
central italy coast city called rome tribe called latins settled rome location hills provided protection attacking neighbors built large river find river map page think rome river helped city look map find rome greece think easy ideas travel places early history rome island greece settled rome learned writing greek traders taught writing romans taught roman farmers greek making tools bronze metals city rome grew stronger soldiers conquered italy trained roman warriors look map regions roman soldiers conquer place romans conquered greece roman ideas conquer greek ideas greece conquered rome rich romans spoke greek children schools greek subjects taught built buildings looked buildings greece greek culture large part roman greeks romans built empire began developing large skillful army roman soldiers trained longer harder lands learned ways warfare
system lords vassals serfs called feudal system western europe lived system middle ages barbarian attacks town died european peasants hard slaves serfs lives depended completely lord lord children lords serf children remained serfs serfs lord land days week sundays church allow rest serfs days spent growing food serfs leave lord estates marry permission allowed complain treated land impossible gain freedom lord duties serfs protect attacks feed crops failed advantages feudal system advantages equal middle ages hard free peasant lived thousand ago eastern france story wife written woman economist historian interested earned living spent lives ago let try imagine
knowledge increased developed ways combating pain disease held older ideas caused performed operation head doorways demons pain escape imagine headache days undergo operation order free trapped demon headache lucky live headaches caused demons inside lucky live headaches cured taking white drug called aspirin asked aspirin comes answer drugstore aspirin hundreds pain relieving health restoring drugs don drugstore don factories manufactured hundreds hundreds study experimentation mistakes searched weapons defeat enemies disease pain knowledge early blamed thinking kind magic curing sickness relieving pain wouldn agree magic tiny white aspirin takes headache
decided strange wonderful animal able strange wonderful things kind thinking grew idea horn unicorn prevent poisoning kings afford buy unicorn horn touched food drink destroy poisonous drugs eating drinking amazing part story animal unicorn material supposed unicorn horn ivory ivory poisonous drugs harmless kings worry guess answer tooth mouths ivory kings paid called unicorn horn today money paid unicorn purchase twenty expensive automobiles kind thinking led belief unicorn horn curative powers led believe substance called egyptian mummy marvelous healing power result doctors prescriptions contained powdered mummy imagine doctors strongly believed ground bones thousands mummies heal sickness belief mummy powder famous dr pare claimed worthless condemned paris teachers medicine story
morton wells friends business partners invented plate false teeth wells failure nitrous oxide morton continued search anesthetic harvard medical school met dr charles jackson dr jackson suggested drug called ether morton looking morton experimented putting animals sleep ether successful dr jackson suggested pure ether regular kind animals sleep pure ether short later pure ether pulling patient tooth grateful patient felt pain morton received permission pure ether operation official painless operation history performed date october operating doctor dr warren operation dr warren gentlemen humbug shortly demonstration ether europe later learned successful ether operations morton dr crawford ether performed painless operations bothered tell ether took pain operations created problems side effects ether sickening smell irritates air passages pneumonia modern medicine knows control side effects ether side effects caused search anesthetic
door father sat cross working silver fire making handsome heavy necklace annie passed big loom mother sat weaving annie sat loom watching mother slid weaving stick place strings warp red wool mother added row slanting arrow red bright dull background annie thoughts wandered thought stories grandmother told stories hardship rains flooded desert dry weather rains fall pumpkins corn dry field annie looked sand cactus bore red fruit thought coyote god dog guarding scattered hogans navajos annie watched mother worked sit mother looked smiled ready weave daughter annie shook head continued watch mother twisted weaving stick warp making shed strands gray red wool mother softly knew annie wanted annie ran find grandmother gathered twigs brush feed small fire middle hogan evening meal grandmother called family annie mother father stood quietly respectfully waiting grandmother speak
sherman didn press walked minutes saying things sherman didn think chatter minute finally sherman homesick chicago things thing lake big ocean miles beaches libraries museums jeremy couldn imagine museum sounded strange exciting lake jeremy wondered pa ma knew house middle block torn sherman wouldn able pile bricks lumber sidewalk ahead stop jeremy grabbed sherman arm pile bricks ahead baron turned head dog growled deep throat jeremy felt cold toes quiet boy sherman voice firm thanks jeremy baron kindly help mean falling bricks show sherman backed steps forward baron bricks pushed sherman leg soon dog nudged bricks curb
mrs certainly found wasn night brought inside lincoln poked box walked house scratched floors tore sofa fight leonardo cat mrs feathers living room leonardo fresh chicken breakfast suppose give lincoln mrs murmured sadly give love turn chicken stew miyo thought thought jaws ached find person lincoln suddenly idea brightly put ad class newspaper mrs thought slowly suppose won harm meant wouldn miyo wanted try hurry miyo didn want mrs stop nice happy person miyo class newspaper ready run month october parts news stories science sports book reviews poetry finally small section ads miyo thought lincoln fit nicely wrote wanted nice home friendly clever rooster
home job mother father brother sister jobs brother job big store street matt ask newsboy roy matt asked brother think newsboy newsboy re kid matt roy re big job re matt shouted count fast give change roy asked yes count fast matt turned ran store matt home talk sister joyce baby sitting baby downstairs asked newsboy joyce re bigger brother re bigger anyway joyce think re shy newsboy shy say matt shouted shy newspaper boy talk lots smile say thank change asked sister yes talk smile say thank matt walked shy thinks shy thinking matt started upstairs apartment thinking newspaper boy mother
lucky funny noises matt look didn cat shirt black tail creep shirt put didn show look window stayed subway train stop small park matt apartment matt park put lucky looked matt felt sad goodby thought lucky looked sad started walk cat trying say wait matt don matt ran picked lucky hugged don afraid won stay think find give lucky home matt walked street walked house house showing cat asking wanted lucky needs home met mailman told lady lots lots cats cat matt lucky looking lady house found house cats cat faces window give lady need cats
night matt sleep dreaming lucky matt dream lucky talk telling matt lived home train tracks big factory matt dreamed smell smoke coming factory lucky play fire escape lucky sleeping suddenly jumped frightened lucky didn fire apartment house thick black smoke coming window apartment downstairs lucky smell apartments dark asleep smoke getting thicker thicker lucky tried thick black smoke turned saw window matt bedroom lucky jumped window sleeping boy scratched matt tore undershirt matt woke start matt smelled smoke ran window looked matt saw smoke downstairs baby sleeping mother father wake wake fire apartment wake ran telephone called fire department number telephone quick pine street fire matt family quickly called apartment house apartments sleepy
christmas vacation grind lot show vacation especially tan girls jealous maybe find boyfriend wonderful mother won free trip hawaii married dad seventeen ago wanted especially dead write poem martin motors contest lines won trip hawaii expenses paid think poet wow faces melanie janet susan helen sybil langley seattle boy named jeffrey someplace chicago liked sybil blond hair gray eyes sophisticated father navy transferred san diego jeffrey thomas handsome sybil janet don think tastes father navy transferred lot talk think re going friends hope hectic days haven steam put diary mother asked coming lie say fine resolve miss seen lot sybil
heavenly place shelter island river boat paddle wheeler moored wharf inside big room band end bar end ferny fountain middle jeffrey asked wanted drink drink glasses sherry home think embarrassing wanted act sophisticated remembered drink sybil told called white wine water keen drink sybil told re date don want bombed music jeffrey dancer trouble talking girl knew kelly odd girl guess fits taking account jeffrey told engaged girl kelly gave ring wear gave charm wear ring cost charm cost guess family rich anyway kelly gave charm found yucatan dug tomb belonging mayan prince king maybe charm solid gold jeffrey says big half dollar
finally home haven finished trip yesterday morning early looking wood breakfast fire wood handy dry gully looked stream running sun coming mountains dark blue sky streaked light morning beautiful beautiful morning looked beautiful sky mountains sun touched edges mesquite bushes morning breeze fresh face felt alive thinking ramon looked riding burro covered alkali dust swinging legs thought looked don quixote felt played guitar sang anyway trouble finding armload dry mesquite camp wondering didn bring burro let carry wood saw snake lying coiled front stepped told look rattlesnakes supposed hibernate february didn word guess lying forked tongue flicking looking eyes jet buttons
bugle sounded sir barton dark chestnut horse war red gold stallion paraded past judges stand past grandstand past stand moving picture grinding cameras war heard roar crowds smelled opponent eyes fixed track spread clean inviting knew meant business business racing walked ready moving barrier plunging nervously trying spring sir barton caught excitement strained webbing sprung horse team golden red horse dark chestnut according plan sir barton jockey began whip canadian horse shot front fastest sprints history war jockey holding saving speed finish war ideas fought head pulled bit business jockey remembered trainer words let red run race don hold gave war head dynamo loose big red leaped machine pistons legs pistons struck perfect rhythm caught sir barton flew past leaps war running explosion race
air wild noise twelve thousand horses recognized summons neighed hunger royal stables seethed ant hill swarmed corridors courtyard hoods cloaks vests took dates raisins almonds popped noisily mouths stripped grapes vines ate boisterous abandon plunged faces troughs sucked water horses join returned mare moving slowly frighten reached saddle hung wall found water vessel filled hidden hour ago poured water basin waited mare awaken heard dreams sound water woke jerk struggled feet drank raised head letting water lips waited motionless knowing want deep brown eyes studied say source happiness welled inside nodded understand thoughts waited drank mare stall boys beginning lead horses common trough drink hurry hoped corn ration
reached sham stall afraid open door look inside afraid colt stall lonely empty look stalls occupants dead slipped inside closed door looked colt lying side breathing lightly moment boy sure took step closer smiled fears colt alive thin weak sides flat signor prayer rug took goatskin sack inside vest held close body milk warm filled cup adding wild honey whimper tiny form straw knelt stirred milk fingers slid colt mouth colt began working mouth curiously bit boy fingers baby teeth sucked softly fiercely strength dipped fingers known happiness noises throat sorts promises mind ba means father father sham grown multitudes bow
place able fly dreams space vehicle outer space earth gravity force felt weight noticeable spaceship earth objects traveling constant speed space flight feel weightless weightless condition able lift move automobile fact pick weightless car mean matter automobile earth amount matter car weightless scientific purposes think matter objects weight weight object location mass amount matter called mass book mass times study motion newton discovered size gravity force related mass earth pulls objects surface gravity force size determined mass object force gravity car greater person car greater mass want measure mass measure gravity force weight metric system gram small mass measured gravity force weight pulling
newton law motion shows force needed move curving path sit rotating turntable force required move circular path force supplied friction surface turntable smooth surface friction force large thrown force keeping moving curve greater small force supplied friction whirling object end string similar turntable ride pull string supplies force needed pull object straight line path curving path hand feels force pulling outward string shows important fact forces force exists forces exist combinations fact forces exist discovered newton principle law motion action equal opposite reaction book rests table weight book pushes table force force balanced equal opposite force table pushes book rocket accelerates hot gases pushed produce unbalanced force rocket force makes rocket change speed possibly direction unbalanced force accompanied acceleration newton law motion explain gravity force works
force pulling minute force call gravity size gravity force equal weight moving equal force pushing direction opposite gravity force equal opposite force supplied chair think climbing flight stairs muscles supply force lift body step sitting chair climbing stairs examples situations forces acting body force provided chair move concerned type force section looking forces motion place physical result forces let look difference forces motion pushed hard wall observe change hand pushed book hard certainly able book move difference forces lies fact moving book accomplish force moves amount equal size force multiplied distance object moved push book cm table amount
danny couldn pushed turned surprised boy started fight maybe wants friends thought danny say boy put finger lips quiet whispered wait goes danny heard running street stop yelled stop kids quiet re fighter boy hit hard guess fighter tenth street winning wasn true thought danny winning knocked trash won sure says re fighter danny boy danny happening boy twisting arm minute danny found floor boy standing grinning danny angry answer wasn fair ready re okay boy fight pretty kid held hand help danny ramon danny wished ramon hand needed friends block wanted say okay wanted say re friends couldn say fair danny knew fighter winning fight
foster child aunt uncle olaf lived children home aunt fetched wanted adopt girl took uncle olaf aunt don boys boys age anyway thought noise house brought lot mud playing park left clothes lying talked laughed loudly aunt saying unlucky uncle olaf yes say stand sight spent ben daddy chats helped build model airplanes drew marks kitchen door show ben grown things ben allowed laugh talk leave clothes liked daddy loved boys welcome play ben home allowed home aunt endure children running uncle olaf agreed stand brat
living room dining room attached big kitchen bedrooms bedrooms small mama joe hoping stay home joe didn need sleep dining room found room tiny room kitchen mama maid room going maid mama laughed days family maid slept early cook breakfast mama maid room joe pop brought furniture didn mama start saving sofa surprise pop joe soon helping bringing sofa mama screamed pop tenant left basement found fixed springs mama cried laughed start saving rug wanted sofa rug surprised heard thought wanting pop truck joe helped put beds
egypt sudan extensions libyan desert north africa nile river longest river distinguishes egypt sudan rest north africa waters nile flow miles source east africa mouth mediterranean sea white nile flows sudan egypt blue nile joins capital sudan part nile source ethiopian plateau nile carries enormous quantities fertile soil sudan manages support large agriculture area blue white niles join center country north west desert lands south swamplands marshes egypt profits flow nile land banks fertile supports agriculture cent land egypt lies close river remaining cent desert result population density heavy square mile egyptian nile contrasted population density york square mile land area fourth large united states sides arabian peninsula bordered red sea arabian sea persian gulf standpoint geography arabia consists mainly large plateau western coast range mountains
estimated cent known reserves oil lie middle east present middle eastern countries especially saudi arabia kuwait iran iraq produce cent annual supply recent trend nationalization huge oil fields facilities middle east oil producing countries profits increased enormously tiny kuwait slightly larger connecticut sixth largest producer oil income billion turkey large deposits iron chrome copper iran iron ore northern mountains israel producing large quantities phosphates gold found saudi arabia lack water resources limits amount land cultivated land middle east cent acres actually cultivation land produces pattern rainfall fact soil weakened flooding alternating periods extreme heat river valleys coastal lands food middle east produced lands valleys receive irrigation amount acres yield thirds total crops produced middle east important factors soils nile tigris euphrates valleys extremely fertile water supplied farms irrigation rivers
middle east beginning modernize water storage methods harnessing waterpower irrigation source hydroelectric power helping expand agricultural production industrial growth aswan high dam nile river egypt assures abundant electrical power water million acres farm land dam created ecological problems silt enriched fields provided mud bricks builds barricade robbing soil needed nutrients israel changed direction flow jordan river irrigate fields increased tensions israel arab states turkey dam supplies water hydroelectric power capital city ankara dams river headwaters euphrates iraq built low lying dams divert waters reservoirs tigris euphrates rivers control irregular flooding additional built tigris euphrates dam river controls water flow hydroelectric power lebanon dam syria dam relieve areas water shortage provide electricity homes industry israel sea water treated remove salt war ii arab countries capita incomes turkey syria lebanon palestine cyprus higher capita incomes capita income rose steadily demand oil industrialized nations west increased
hour later decided thing jump suddenly thinking rush hall phone chance flustered jumped quickly turned dresser brushed hair rushing room sara answered phone blurted show friday night dave don sara slowly coolly don thought maybe mess uptown asked mean don lucy belle couldn remember bette davis yeah love ok avoided meeting sara cafeteria line leaned night wasn yeah smiled moment afraid going laugh didn friday night clock leaving sara house workman looked john lewis asked driving license yes sir hollered walk sara safe eleven clock yes sir eleven clock sara screamed embarrassed hollered yes sir
backed turned shifted satisfied safe fishing trip course driving yard pretty tame dream getting car tried save money dollar found spend father constantly lecturing virtues thrift industry age business roadside fruit vegetable stand couldn understand didn early days depression jobs scarce boys mow lawns deliver papers getters knew dollar plainly swimming played ball rode bikes aimlessly town riding bikes country narrow dirt road touring car resting ditch elderly overalls walking kicking tires angrily stopped watch staying bikes dad blast dag nab ding buzzard automobile giving kick banging hood fists swear harry infernal billy blasted machine stay rot lay continental finger punched hood
home finished supper father looked gloomily give depended spend cent soon home meals swear don father hard working thrifty father thought hope shaking head living room mother began clearing table mouth drawn thin line father works hard expect thanks wants consideration feeling appreciates couldn bothered looked rupert nodded cellar living room father reading paper saved money want asked puzzled actually saved money summer held coffee reached fell hand spilling nickels dimes quarters change dollar bills gotten stared stupefied goodness thirty dollars system henry ford rupert small profit lot sales
grinned worked hard jim peters earn berths team nice upstart ticked waited confidently newcomer sputter chorus apologies waited vain foster iii fixed beady eye coach let straight buster applying welfare giving benefit services let stop beating gums gasped history clinton high school addressed jim peters buster blood leaped blistering august mercury jim peters head roared foster stayed imperious hand stow snapped remember replaced volleyball coach father president broadway savings bank school board finds re picking peeped whistle buster couldn real dreaming buddy teammate tommy gaping newly landed fish coach recovered voice dripped icicles threatening lad pug nose freckles cocked amused eye influence mean gotta nice guy anyway play tennis start jim peters opened mouth reply clamped jaw shut
chi started running entered high school track meet mother devout buddhist temple guide daughter victory pray return worship contribute neon light neon tubes popular offering taiwan chi enjoyed going temple reason liked dig fortunes piled container chinese temple chi picking fortunes found liked today considers lucky omen turning car radio track meet hears favorite song hear switches stations chi unusually tall chinese visit says follows recognize tall embarrassed bargain shops reason boyfriends boys class shorter says afraid chi look older father chi ching chu grocer chi brothers sisters home school marks perfect strike hands ruler kind says
january morning joanne envied sister karen smile ten kids invaded house party ago joanne twelve invited classmates boy girl party girls boys cringed thought disastrous evening buildings continued flash horns honked joanne girls chatter giggles wished think talk awkward sitting edge circle friends watching play yearned cast girls bus girls pool acknowledged joanne presence routine smiles questions included plans knew picnics record parties heard planning dressing rooms joanne asked girls house swimming girl straight home joanne asked joanne admit enjoyed saving class strenuous consuming joanne wished swim forever smile talk think clothes boys parties water felt release
days getting hotter dryer uncle jerry double crazy leave farm try raising crops uncle jerry blowing harmonica sousa listened rattled tail afternoon snake didn concert didn show shook uncle jerry lost joy music concerts grew briefer finally put harmonica sat silent watching waiting sousa july creek dry sandpaper uncle jerry cows chickens standing tongues hanging thirsty july big dark clouds started building sky began rain raining weeks end rain creek full uncle jerry crops growing faster weeds decided wasn crazy thought talking pet snake waiting neighboring farmer graze cows uncle jerry land offered money uncle jerry agreed uncle jerry hitched horses broken wagon drove land show grazing spots watching glimpse musical snake
history gathered cowboys found hard believe fall acquaintance wily length wolf hunter occupations sort stool desk need change friend ranch owner asked mexico predatory pack accepted invitation eager acquaintance lobo riding soon mesas region clear rough country useless think pursuing lobo hounds horses poison traps expedients present traps large set poison need enter details hundred devices employed combination arsenic cyanide acid essay manner flesh try bait morning morning rode learn result found efforts useless king cunning single instance show wonderful sagacity acting hint trapper melted cheese kidney fat freshly killed heifer stewing china dish cutting bone knife avoid taint metal
hundred thirty times shadow crossed log niche slipped expert shadow ready odds safe perfectly safe lloyd photographer set cameras angles film crossing film shadow going directions log crossings unavoidable want crossing direction multitude camera angles film edited later ways shadow crossings needed finished picture set cameras waited sun reach point give exactly illumination wall gorge deep shadow extra element drama added scene sun crept sky shadows edged place air ready al led shadow cleft gorge toothpick wedged traverse shadow start root end log cross tip tree walked toothpick growing smaller diameter log shadow start tree position cleft
captain turned hand radio called control room radio pull beam juno turn nose beam land turn engines danger turned hand radio run juno nearly months run happy lou happy captain ss danger knew coming danger spaceship runs juno food wanted month run took juno put food pick going earth month run earth bad live juno feel thinks don want moon lou earth juno land side moon side closing place fly moons lands control room calling captain voice prentice prentice head control room yes prentice hand radio landing skirt captain prentice drop hold radio pulling beam
captain lou ss danger danger engine working call juno winged spaceship spaceship moving milky captain turned spaceship magnetic radio ran trouble lou called magnetic radio engine started yes prentice voice lou asked prentice lou asked clouds tops mountains wings hold spaceship big wing fins slowing falling spaceship flying lou looked water thinking going jack phil knew standing lou side looking milky water lou happy lost heads keeping cool lou turned mountains sides knew earth mountains knew mountains close getting closer closer mountains juno lou surprised light thought light coming clouds
hit hard head hard lou jack carpenter asked lou looking radio room phil deering don mean lou place knows jack carpenter don knock living lou crashed milky water water look water lou phil deering water live water living asked lou yes jack slow going move fast tired phil tired lou started stand strange feeling hard move lou walked phil jack took side radio room lou standing lou knew danger side milky water tell place things ship phil asked lou seen heard word phil jack listen lou listened milky water sounds voices sounded lou walked room engine room slow going
bridge yorkshire villages knew understood loved dogs perfect walked heels agreed finer dog sam tricolor collie bred bridge born reason lassie known village women set clock begun lassie bright yearling sam boy joe home bubbling excitement mother school today think sitting waiting lassie think knew picked thy scent joe figure lassie waiting school gate weeks months past women glancing windows cottages shopkeepers standing doors high street proud black white golden sable dog past steady trot say minutes goes lassie rain shine dog waiting boy dozens pelting playground dog mattered
duke stood rhododendron hedge glared lifted voice roared chap moment face red shock white hair disordered duke looked reputed worst tempered yorkshire deserved reputation sufficient say words actions earned partly due fact duke exceedingly deaf caused speak commanding brigade infantry parade ago habit carrying big walking stick waved wildly air order give emphasis emphatic words finally bad temper impatience duke firm belief going phrased pot days young horses run fast young brave dashing women pretty flowers grow dogs decent left kennels speak king english days young according duke
joe school walked gate believe eyes stood moment voice rang shrill lassie lassie ran dog moment wild joy knelt plunging fingers deep rich coat buried face mane patted sides stood danced excitement strange contrast boy dog boy lifted gladness dog sat calmly wave white tipped tail saying glad excited supposed wonderful lassie boy turned ran street reason wonder struck pushed question wonderful thing happened happened mind stay rest quieted father bought dog raced high street lassie catch enthusiasm ran leaping high air barking sharp cry happiness dogs achieve stretched mouth wide collies frequently glad moments makes collie owners swear dogs laugh pleased
hospital room rang applause megan looked sea faces smiled clapping whispered sing phone book megan whispered tightened string dad guitar played opening notes song stepped forward sing song children children groaned enjoyed school visits kids jackson school megan favorite performers girls finished song byes promised megan tucked pick strings guitar put faded case loved sing children audience bus ride home megan thought singing meant music important thing taking lessons grade remember dad teaching songs sing secretly dreamed star imagination huge audience singing playing songs written imagine roar applause finished exciting afternoon megan teacher mrs carlin special tell class choose represent class school assembly week
evening assembly girls sang megan family mom dad sat sofa brother rob sat floor songs fine knot megan stomach began relax song megan sang wrong words rob giggled loudly megan play real megan scared playing real knot fear inside grew panic laugh tears welled eyes turned dashed room megan heard call megan didn stop room sobbing threw bed megan wrong mom asked room megan didn look don mom sat bed nervous assembly asked megan nodded head guess softly perfectly natural dear stage fright perform stage fright worry megan sat faced mom say making stupid mistakes threw bed laugh re friends rob laughed megan buried face pillow able face mess
friday school assembly megan woke early feeling uneasiness awful happen stretched slowly awake night worrying worrying megan dad called big megan stomach twisted knot assembly today agreed tried songs head couldn remember line song megan felt sick stomach mentioned program felt blood leave face ready auditorium megan felt numb scared asked turned hundredth yes megan eyes widened sounded nervous megan class walked auditorium megan mrs carlin backstage ready asked don megan moaned mrs carlin surprised mean sung songs times haven yes megan stage fright mrs carlin continued stars won fame megan asked mrs carlin shrugged guess performance anyway girls break leg
surprise intelligence abated rumor spread entrenched camp stretched margin hudson forming chain body fort chosen detachment fifteen hundred depart dawn william henry post northern extremity portage rumor soon certainty orders passed quarters commander chief corps selected service prepare speedy departure doubt intention webb vanished hour hurried footsteps anxious faces succeeded novice military art flew point point retarding preparations excess violent distempered zeal practiced veteran arrangements deliberation scorned appearance haste sober lineaments anxious eye sufficiently betrayed strong professional relish untried dreaded warfare wilderness length sun set flood glory distant western hills darkness drew veil secluded spot sounds preparation diminished light finally disappeared log cabin officer trees cast deeper shadows mounds rippling stream silence soon pervaded camp deep reigned vast forest environed
lovely beings presented reader lost thought quickly recovered alarm induced exclamation laughing weakness inquired youth rode side frequent woods heyward sight especial entertainment ordered behalf gratitude close mouths cora need draw largely stock hereditary courage boast encounter redoubtable montcalm yon indian runner army fashion accounted hero returned officer volunteered guide lake path known sooner tardy movements column consequence agreeably lady shuddering partly assumed real terror duncan trust freely keeping say alice trust confidence moment canadian served friends mohawks allied nations brought heard strange accident father interested savage rigidly dealt forget idle tale friend
words mouth scout leader party approaching footsteps caught vigilant ear indian openly view beaten path periodical passage deer wound glen distance struck river point white red companions posted track travelers produced surprise unusual depths forest advanced slowly hunter front associates readiness receive comes demanded scout throwing rifle carelessly left arm keeping forefinger hand trigger avoided appearance menace act comes beasts dangers wilderness believers religion friends law king returned rode foremost journeyed rising sun shades forest nourishment sadly tired wayfaring lost interrupted hunter found helpless tis hand left sucking babes dependent guide larger growth possess stature knowledge distance post crown called william henry
picture shows ruler seen marked units called ruler measure width desk measure width carefully wide desk measure width hand ruler wide hand imagine ordering pair shoes mail measure foot discover wide widest part eleven include facts order shoe manufacturer receives instructions course idea size shoe send size unit measure authors book unit measure length unit wish wish careful measurements units measuring system units based unit say equal von fifteen equal thousand equal find say san francisco denver talking listening describe fourteen feel confused shoe manufacturer length
scientist wants measure material matter makes object unit measurement length saw experiment copper wire length objects temperature volume saw experimented water volume water temperature weight weight object according high unit measurement scientist scientists solved problem unit measure called mass mass amount matter object weight depends standing arms legs head body top mountain bottom weight body changed body think astronaut space farther earth weighs astronaut reason weighs took space suit suddenly thinner weighs farther center earth weight changed mass changed remember mass quantity matter object astronaut mass changed
boy hurries seat speed miles hour velocity miles hour westward velocity seen observer standing ground combine vectors notice opposite directions resulting vector miles hour eastward subtract boy speed train speed velocity seen watching train pass type vector problem bird flies miles hour eastward wind blows miles hour northward bird velocity seen observer standing ground notice problem differs boy train boy walking direction train moving opposite direction problem wind blowing angles flight bird bird flies straight eastward flies stream air moving northward direction heavy line shows bird aim dotted lines show wind bird course easy wind changing bird direction change bird speed bird flying miles hour relation ground faster slower speed mile hour wind blows angle
kind motorcycle racing motorcycle drag racing motorcycle drag racing need machine power accelerate high speed accelerate finish line ahead rider race rider qualify qualify bring bike lights starting line watch christmas tree light christmas tree turns green fast miles hour drag strip straight flat quarter mile track straight flat racing cycle extended frame front fork rake extended front fork rake helps front wheel ground helps bike moving straight drag race qualify making run quarter mile timing lights tell speed elapsed ten means took ten seconds cover quarter mile pretty elapsed bike timing lights drag strip wheel cuts beam light riders put piece metal plastic front wheel bikes metal plastic wheel helps timing lights cutting beam light engine machine drag racing
plenty straight track gran prix race miles curves sharp turns gran prix racing need machine brakes easy steering fast machine helps straightaway riders plenty speed miles hour heavy classes miles hour plenty wind rider gran prix motorcycle goes straightaway curve needs brakes brakes change curve straightaway breaking rules break things steering control balance curve slowing rake angle front fork important steering rakes front fork angles drag bikes don steer short rakes turn fast find going sideways riders looking lost re hoping don lose balance takes handle gran prix motorcycle kind motorcycle racing takes takes balance machine riders don balance cycle slow tip riders remember lean insides curve don remember lean inside curve land upside curve
climb hills need knobby tires need handling power control lose control dump bike think thirty riders coming slow stop dump bikes moto cross race feet dry moto cross tracks water crossing crossing deep water crossing wet water wet feet moto cross race bad news wet ignition wet ignition engine quits spark spark means engine race engine quits tell rider wet ignition found jumps moto cross track pull machine lean put rear wheel don lean put rear wheel spend part race sitting ground track narrow narrow pass try rider front don track rules disqualified disqualified sure lose moto cross racing motorcycle racing takes control balance handling riders machines handle feel winners re finish line
husband put foot boy won worth weeks gonna nurse pickin crops gonna say hoped prayed boy felt left sick deserted pickers camp wasn look forward didn blame look stayed fever broke left blanket water reach woman tucked loaf bread blanket pile pennies buy food sure known money saving wanted grateful kindness surprised fever fast thin wiry strong potatoes spilled sack lying drainage ditch shacks going bought meat money stew lasted days finally strong hitched alabama workers give boy lift harvest asking questions
look say trying size shake head worked hard putting letters dirt results didn smiling special important thing want morning rode ancient bus carried camp fields eyes shone excitement whispered asked shook head thinkin try tell started row digging machine usual close turned suddenly tell screamed leaping forward saw yellow hair caught whirring moving parts machine powerless help stood watched cold horror machine ripped tore crowd picking potatoes mechanically numb grief anger didn care worrying thought wouldn happened taking care
carried hill hundred yards sheep wagon waiting head turned senses alert movement sheep bed ground lay close slanting rise wagon bed ground feet stood flags scare marauding animals dog juno sniffed daintily nose pointed boy rough white coat moved wind dark mahogany colored ears stood quarters erect ends tipping forward woman assured posts sharp lookout coyotes sheep tonight skin alive whined softly moved sheep juno parallel course opposite side flock smoke curled stovepipe atop sheep wagon drifting south wind woman mounted steps door pulling open carefully disturb boy shut looked benches side narrow room hard bare carried boy end bed built crosswise wagon pushed heavy square comforter laid top blankets room warm boy sighed turned adjusted softness
getting late kelvin knew asleep thinking kid brother thought dave lot father left kelvin felt father place dave dave thing wanting football outfit kelvin smiled thought dave talked football dave loved throw catch football enjoyed watching football tv kelvin thought dave teased football outfit outfit cost ten dollars dollar mother needed money rent food football outfit dave kelvin ten dollars planning dave buy outfit surprise kelvin sleep thinking happy dave going store walked football outfit kelvin mother waiting looked sad check didn kelvin milk left won check week money kelvin felt lump throat told keeping dave football outfit
yes going run told sister stay going house mother look girl bed don sleep rest kids won run re afraid money flora pat don talk loud answered sh wake girls want flora pat hate place guess sat flora pat bed sis sis climbed bed want home began cry quietly find mother case comes find home helped sis bed ready let flora pat bed look miss dale won look don care won miss looks tv walk door road town maybe ride wait planned told
game dean filled seat bench coach didn look let send play game team won city champs think send dean asked friend joe score trail joe answered lee neat job warmed re don think game foul called lee watch lee coach yelled re need game fun watch team score seconds left play lee fouled team basket game tied coach turned dean lee watch don foul dean scared knew game raced floor foul called ref free shot dean thought shot shot clock showed ten seconds left score tied dean line head arm hurt hit floor waited ref hand ball thinking wanted game
clay flew home olympics gold medal began believe greatest hero soon cassius clay pro boxer eighteen feet inches tall weighed pounds quick strong told greatest things liked anyway louisville friends told mother shouldn brag started talk age ten months pretty early boy began hear cassius clay heard boxing heard things saying fighters famous poems fights called louisville lip say dog bark moon night moon high remote replies dog care vowed someday boxer cassius clay going pro boxer find trainer help named dundee trainer
fight cassius clay shocked fight told believe religion islam believe god allah cassius clay black muslim give hard proud famous believed religion islam muhammad ali news shock thought action hurt boxing career black muslims white believed black help white thought champ thankful white believed whites helped achieve goal champ think liked wanted lose winning defeated sonny united states involved war viet nam young fight asking ali fight war war religion told report army trouble
fight held yankee stadium record crowd watch september fight close fifteen rounds guess winning fight fighters waited corners norton waited high hopes won ali waited worried won judges scored fight ali referee called ali champ close newsmen thought norton won ali explained beat champion beat fight jimmy young norton convince won whip champion foreman whip days fight ali flew istanbul turkey met leaders religious faith told retire told newsmen quitting boxing devote energy moslem faith week miami beach movie producers making film called greatest story ali news reporters asked going retire answer ali retire ali fought norton norton strong fighter wanted title ali give ali won
morgan house older board walk high pointed roof look castle morgan bay called morgan castle windows broken boards frightening house gabby stopped afraid board walk morgan castle thought morgan castle empty empty gabby family morgan bay morgan castle empty morgan family dead gabby started walking found board walk house morgan castle door wellington wellington house morgan house gabby frightening sea wind blowing shaggy trees morgan castle gabby heard banging wind moving wellington house gabby heard dog side door dog nose door sniffed door stopped sniffing started growl gabby heard tapping sound tap tap tap coming closer closer gabby started feel afraid feeling getting going dog growling gabby wanted run
bill waiting gabby home wanted hear dog sitting job gabby things say listen told bill going morgan castle told bill miss wellington told fritz going garden handed twenty dollar bills found morgan castle gabby miss wellington say gabby older sister listening miss wellington looking bill lucy wellington morgan castle house morgans left say bill ross morgan going married died heard ross trouble heard family let car say jumped saw ross car coming fast frightened car end ross say gabby wanted ross morgan morgan family morgan family sister lucy ran older going married car ran road river saw car river found lucy road
bill watched gabby walk street knew let brother castle windows morgan bay dark light seen boys sea wall climbed beach walked sand making sound gabby heard fritz bark miss wellington fence front morgan castle castle high pointed roof look gabby bill board board put house bill garden fence gates gabby side morgan castle walked castle street castle big gates closed open gates closed bill climb high fence don home gabby pulled tree fence climb easy fence branch bill tree gabby boys climbed branch
gabby reached end sea wall found barking coming miss wellington house sweeney miss wellington watchdog sitting front window saw gabby walk tail wagged barked harder miss lucy wellington friend gabby gabby sweeney watchdog died gabby climbed sea wall started sand thought sweeney knew miss wellington want sweeney bark gabby things think sweeney excited bark covered sound surf gabby walked morgan landing eyes sand found interesting things carried surf found money dropped found watch luck morning reached boat landing saw sparkling sand box gabby picked turned hands silver opened silver box looked inside interest box empty put inside coat took look landing saw interest blue matchbox seeing matchbox empty gabby left sand
heard fire bill inside miss wellington house sweeney excited bark heard coming barking door bill opened door sweeney ran tail wagging sweeney knew going miss wellington looking dog carrying night sweeney wagged tail going gabby asked inside tell miss wellington frightened want help walked house miss wellington bill help trouble maybe talk police miss wellington banging floor cane won police hanging don want give talk miss wellington gabby talking castle destroyed bill trouble told sweeney barking carrying night night miss wellington night couldn sleep midnight looked window saw light morgan castle thought seeing things night saw light window took sweeney started castle garden reached house sweeney started barking light
gabby climbed opening fence looked saw luck surf covering sand boat landing matchbox seen sand morning longer sitting landing gabby put face hands thinking sure matchbox seen sand looked found morgan castle fan tan club fan tan club gabby sure fan tan club morgan bay mysterious midnight visitor place knew empty morgan place house wanted point stranger gabby talked landing admiral lavendar trouble seen landing light midnight visitor admiral lavendar suddenly gabby thought silver box found sand carried inside coat thinking midnight visitor reached inside coat pulled box looked sides cover flowers worked silver cover box morgan thought gabby morgan castle
hearse rolled hill bay bill summers driving friend ham families boys staying summers house foot hill bill pulled hearse alley stopped miss lucy wellington house boys climbed took surfboards end hearse shhh bill ham miss lucy likes sleep ham nodded dark coat walking alley saw morgan bay knows bill whispered taking care sound bill opened miss wellington gate dog sweeney sleeping porch opened eye looked boys sleep sweeney seeing surfboards miss wellington let walk house beach carrying surfboards heads hurried house front gate opened boardwalk ran beach houses sea wall carrying mail moved boardwalk stopping door climbing sea wall boys started empty beach surfers water bill trying water foot
black coat asked suddenly boardwalk found bill miss lucy giving trouble maybe call don call quickly letter picked handed bill couldn seen envelope look ham moments empty envelope hand floor hall told miss lucy looked envelope letter mailed place called castle rock letter says white falls saw envelope couldn miss lucy ham asked lady looked boys yes looking named otto fromm bill frowned otto fromm heard couldn remember going tell told miss wellington tell need help boys war ii germany nazis
hearse need talk miss lucy hurrying door bill jumped porch steps started walking hill turned alley wellington house gate mrs south let door step sleeping sweeney miss wellington sitting chair window looking sea wall bay waited mrs south left room asked bill telephone call low voice told found miss lucy knowing sister think money fromm elizabeth letter lodge find happened elizabeth white falls miss wellington whispered chance ham bill told say re deer hunters miss lucy whispered follow look knows re surfers happened fainted miss lucy nodded slowly maybe bill care wait help desk help cane bill arm walked room
darkest pools creature green eyes chief horrors fen angry rats turned tail fled saw grisly head emerging noise throat crunching bones sudden fracture ice underfoot bat shrieked grendel hissed warning wind grasses grendel grendel grendel creature grendel dragged hall beowulf weary soon slept lay stretched couches round hall sea voyaging march cups mead hrothgar sleep deep beowulf stayed awake sat side empty throne watching grendel coming played silver trinket pouring chain fingers links making tinkling sound drew tight wrist hurt smiled dark stopped drinking afraid fear fascinated twisted hard uncomfortable step feel sweat trickling hair beowulf sat night wore slowly torches burned low geats cried bad dream woke saw leader face turned sleep torch sputtered beowulf half light
suddenly thor picked spear heroes left lying dropped ground impenetrable invisible wall happy news spread wind feast valhalla night joyous gods heroes goddesses laughed kissed safe gods safe safe odin stood tower watching game courtyard listening raucous laughter echoed private window glanced looking pleased admiring handsome son white alive fair hair blowing cool breeze laughter brightened hours gods heroes bombarded missiles kind think grow tired game asked cutting odin thoughts odin frowned suddenly knew wrong left loki separate game death blind brother odin clapped hands flew sat shoulders fly ravens find loki tell report big black birds flew yard shadows traveled figure nanna looked
osiris grown married sister isis custom pharaohs egypt set married god marry goddess isis craft learned secret ra osiris sole ruler egypt reigned earth ra found savage brutish fighting killing eating isis discovered grain wheat barley grew wild land plants unknown osiris taught plant seeds nile risen yearly sunk leaving fresh fertile mud fields tend water crops cut corn ripe grain threshing floors dry grind flour bread showed plant vines grapes wine knew brew beer barley egypt learned bread eat flesh animals taught suitable osiris teach laws live peacefully happily music poetry soon egypt filled peace plenty osiris set bring blessings nations
groups early lived warm climates needed clothes roamed searching food birds eggs fruits roots seeds fish ate raw early strong quick animal enemies advantages hands thumbs close fingers hands sticks stones kill animals ability think humans skillful weapons powerful wild beasts passed change parts earth climate cold cold temperatures caused glaciers sheets ice form glaciers moved arctic regions southward covered northern parts europe north america period glaciers moving southward known ice age animals reindeer mammoth moved south mammoth beast curved tusks ice age lasted thousands sheets ice grew thicker covered land humans adapt cold wore furs animals warm looked caves shelter biting winds climate mild ice sheets melted grass trees grew increased numbers humans fire ago
young member tribe things things live desert central australia young learn track wild animals learn find water desert things important child smarter child answer course important kind knowledge kind knowledge essential culture person lives culture build living places according live big cities live skyscrapers open areas americans live story ranch houses climate important home building warm areas build open airy houses areas heavy snow build houses steep roofs snow slide living important bedouins arab tribes live north africa middle east bedouins move herds camels sheep pasture move live tents wooden cane frames covered cloth tents easily moved set bedouins live place
iraq ancient inland cities important baghdad capital city located oil wells days sumerians city stood place baghdad today baghdad trace history ancient times located fertile crescent city grew trade baghdad travelers merchants east met west lively bargaining silks furs pearls goods baghdad modern city rulers opened wide streets baghdad sun hot prefer narrow streets cooler shady middle east cities bazaars bazaars marketplaces streets lined shops kinds goods sale separate streets shoemakers tailors metal workers dealers vegetables fruits streets covered awnings shops small open stalls shops owners sit cross floor goods displayed caravan moving desert caravan group merchants travelers cross desert camels trucks carry goods sound heard baghdad tinkle camel bells streets lines camels pushing crowd camel suited desert travel
favorite season summer school play stay late night children sleep late morning summer evenings cooler supper gather corner lamppost kid going ma call dishes washed dried put mom resting window dad half asleep newspaper hand going mother calls hang kids answer ok don stay late say things evening leave apartment downstairs kids sitting favorite lamppost boys girls age hang talk talk plan tomorrow kid lot girls boys start show noisy shouts window apartment house hey kids knock angry voice shouts try voices lower don pail water thrown hint try quiet watch sun stars talk fool finally calls
large moving van parked front city apartment building driver sure place minutes movers took furniture brought apartment piece piece neighborhood kids stopped playing summer sun wanted moving wanted family children soon taxi pulled front house family boxes clothes cathy girl eleven looked neighborhood neighborhood girls looked looked kind friends easily shy children soon grew tired watching began play games thought cathy didn want friend left standing days cathy apartment stand watching girls play didn talk didn talk happened change jill jumping double dutch string beads jill picked beads sat steps sat cathy tried fix beads cathy watched catch loose fix afraid broke jill smiled
cook family boys mother father ralph oldest randy youngest roger youngest robert cook children looked alike tell child sizes ralph taller randy randy taller roger roger taller robert brothers standing side side school teachers trouble knowing cook child talking ask ralph ralph answer thought randy ma younger brothers ralph explain cook children trouble trouble fighting cook children fights school older children told look younger children don let pick younger brother told mother ralph looked randy randy looked roger roger looked robert younger cook children bold wouldn afraid talk fresh bigger kids knew trouble call older brother randy called big kid nasty big kid punched randy randy crying ralph ralph punched big kid cook kids lot trouble
physical change appearance substance substance stays ice clouds don look substance water investigation salt changed appearance dissolved water changed appearance salt crystals formed strings substance changed remained salt things change form substance kind change chemical change chemical result formed stuff looks substance investigation observe chemical change mix things produce chemical change gather data change label large beakers put ml water beaker beaker put ml water ml vinegar measure baking soda put baking soda beaker briefly describe contents beaker put candle candle stand light candle blow match put candle stand caution lighted candle things burn play lighted matches candles carefully lift candle test tube holder slowly lower candle beaker unusual happen lower candle beaker beaker unusual happen candle burning blow
water called universal solvent means dissolve mix substances reason water clean things cleaning hardest things remove oil grease investigation find happens soap added water need test tube rack cut milk carton supply area going investigation cut side milk carton shown lay carton side open side facing cut holes top carton holes big fit test tubes going water cleaner pour drops vegetable oil palm hand look oil hand rub oil fingers look oil hand try wash oil cold water don soap water cleaner half fill test tube water add drops vegetable oil water put rubber stopper tube place thumb stopper shake tube seconds stand tube test tube rack minute examine water oil hand lens
investigation saw oil water mix saw adding soap produced emulsion emulsions helpful cleaning oil dirt washed easier emulsion emulsions found places formed body emulsion formed digestion investigation emulsion body emulsion makes digestion easier half fill large test tubes water label tube label tube place tubes test tube rack add drops oil tube add drops bile salt solution test tube add test tube look tubes tell oil tube looks predictions remember happened investigation tube emulsion think find emulsion put stopper tube pick tubes cover stoppers thumbs holding tubes diagram shake tubes seconds place test tube rack let stand minutes look tubes hand lens examine oil tubes carefully tell oil tube looks say tube emulsion
kangaroo jack introduced speech showed educated nickname harry duke duke invited visit mine entrance shaft wide body dropping feet darkness brought chair short board slung ropes seat looked chair horror strip tin attached ragged pieces twine thing hung rickety fall climbed shakily frail piece metal let called duke kangaroo jack helping dropped dark shaft elevator broken cable number rocks rained look em big shouted kangaroo jack moment later joy felt solid earth soon duke handed opal miner spider metal holder lighted candle carrying led tunnel narrow ladder ledge ten feet entered passage low narrow crawl hands knees suddenly entered wide room dug solid earth passages led directions tiny square light marked top shaft
skill learned put test beginners young sneered labored upset balance pushed pulled tugged began mad opponent yawned maybe fragile girls forget judo running gave couple swift kicks dragged shot pulling scruff neck judo attack fails withdraw run kick retreated disgraced judged ready translated free exercise free struggle free fight translation battle dreaded beginners fun re fast judo running windmill found hiding padded post lined slim boy looked couldn wrestle plate spaghetti ground word bowed stiffly thing remember finally spirit judo began found couldn wait mat afternoon worked single shoulder throw patiently explained wrong
feel flying bird clouds times pilot feeling bird birds fall friend mine thermal rising column warmed air found hundred hawks dashed turned heads looked friend circled hawks friendly tough character buzz saw storming claws purpose miss inches misjudged struck plane knocked recovered hit ground pilot learn deal hawks ground early morning watch forming hawk flaps wings thermal weak ground hot air rise fast soaring air spot hawk circling sail lift americans catching joy excitement soaring popular parts europe soaring society america clubs country
school nick shines shoes stand located corner central avenue busy street nick spot knows nearly passes afternoon tall stranger ducked corner looked sharply central avenue nick stand caught eye hurried dropped seat muttered shine em kid big slumped tugged hat eyes asleep nick slowly rubbed polish dusty shoes nick recognized thought face familiar suddenly nick remembered seen evening television news flash warned jail break prisoner nicknamed slippery sam nick realized customer escaped convict nick swallowed nervously working head polished shoes noticed clock officer bailey coming central avenue moment quickly young shoeshine boy decided plan put feet nick asked casually want check shine bent lower pair shoes nick glanced shoulder street officer bailey waved hi officer bailey nick yelled motioned stranger whipped gun leaped feet
help meriwether lewis william clark reached pacific ocean early spring president thomas jefferson army officers explore western wilderness expedition left st louis edge frontier high spirits trip missouri river difficult exhausting uncharted mountains lay ahead winter approached set camp plains considered problems french trapper joined group silently listened discussion spoke wife sacajawea guide young indian wife belonged shoshoni tribe lived mountains west age sacajawea captured raid indian war party sold trapper spring explorers set sacajawea leading slowly paddled narrowing river wound rising hills sacajawea seen shoshoni lands childhood began recognize landmarks soon led expedition directly tribe sacajawea brother chief provided explorers sturdy horses dangerous journey ahead indian woman guided steep mountain trails tight passes arriving safely western side rockies expedition columbia river sacajawea pointed shimmering pacific ocean distance brought explorers end journey
local newspaper printed map city zoo map shows zoo occupies large square area intersecting walkways going north south going east west divide area quarters newspaper article explained zoo walkways protected high link fences animals wander freely natural settings travels high fence allow visitors spectacular view animals environments visited zoo decided trip bought tickets south entrance climbed stairs platform boarded car sliding glass door guide announced ride proceed clockwise direction passed quarter saw petting zoo children making friends lambs rabbits kids ponies small animals northwest section looked broad lake center large island monkeys scampered amusement spectators northeast quarter north south fences lined large cages guide told shelter members cat family rows cages vast area tall grass bushes spied lions tigers cheetahs prowling wide moat separated grassland spectator area west side
remembered morning looking window high eaves saw troop horsemen riding courtyard beneath powdering snow whitened leader knight black armor dismounted entered hall doorway band remembered castle women standing frightened group landing stairs talking low voices matter understand excepting armed ridden courtyard sir john dale women paid attention ran winding stairs expecting moment called crowd castle quiet gathered hall number strange arms lounged benches steel caps leather jackets stood guarding door butts weapons resting ground staves crossed barring door anteroom knight black armor seen window sitting table helmet lying bench quart beaker spiced wine elbow clerk sat end table hand pen parchment spread front
tall taller father thin face deep set bushy eyebrows hawk nose upper lip clean shaven chin flowing beard iron gray hung nearly waist clad riding gown black velvet hung lower knee trimmed otter fur embroidered silver crest family beaumont light shirt link mail showed beneath gown walked pair soft undressed leather riding boots laced high knee protecting scarlet hose mud dirt shoulders wore collar enameled gold hung magnificent jeweled pendant fist carried beautiful iceland falcon stood staring suddenly heard voice whisper ear yonder lord forward give letter scarcely knowing walked earl machine heart pounding humming ears drew nobleman stopped moment stared dream kneeled presented letter earl took hand turned looked bearer packet bearer ye matter ye
earl customary lords days maintained small army knights gentlemen arms retainers expected serve occasions need supplied quota recruits fill levies king war knights gentlemen army horse foot soldiers largely recruited company squires bachelors young soldiers castle called company esquires consisted eighty ninety lads ranging age twenty fourteen termed pages served chiefly countess waiting gentlewomen company acquired graces polish times reaching age fourteen lads allowed title esquire squire houses esquires special attendants lord lady house holding positions body squires carvers office chamberlain princely castles greatest nobles military post fortress ordinary household comparatively esquires personal attendance earl trained strictly arms served capacity sort bodyguard ordinary squires
mom run fish chips stand block fact fish chips stand city clock morning rush docks fish freshest fish biggest fish rush stand fix fish chips mom yells fish chips fantastic fish chips sell fish chips city children run stand fish chips lunch job put lots fish chips baskets mom adds lots lots ketchup ketchup trick mom adds lots ketchup fish chips fantastic lunch lunch put hot dog stand fantastic fish chips stand stand lots flags big hot dog top fuss fizz mom upset upset mom set stand fantastic fish chips stand sell hot dogs spot city stand mom bet sell hot dogs kids fish chips lunch bet kids hot dogs stand
began yell fish chips fish chips lot kids ran fish chips kids bet kids mom put lot fish chips baskets mom ketchup fuss fizz ketchup drop bit speck ketchup hmmm kids ketchup fish chips hot dogs lunch hot dogs handed hot dogs kids mom sad sad pack stand mom sell fish chips ketchup ketchup trick mom pack stand kids miss fantastic fish chips yes miss kids hot dog stand felt bad lend ketchup children began clap yell fantastic mom lend ketchup sell fish chips handed big ketchup mom felt bad helpful helpful fact acted crab mom hot dog stand hot dogs lunch mom
hills city big rock sat cliff sun robins landed rock twip twippet twip chipmunks began run rock rock content top cliff tromp tromp tromp top cliff rock tan hat rock big red hat yes tan hat rock colossal rock began blast rock lifted put rock truck shop city shop began cut chip rock chip chippet chip chippet chippet chip rock big statue set plaza statue splendid rock felt sad robins visit statue city chipmunks run sun began set city slept big rock content twip twippet twip sun city robins landed statue city chipmunks began run statue children ran statue set picnic lunch jazz band began lots visited plaza rock content
knew forty families served prince edward street cooks knew pierre read write usual custom leaving note empty bottle additional quart milk needed sing heard rumble wagon wheels cobbled street bring extra quart morning pierre pierre remarkable memory arrived stable remember tell jacques took extra quart morning bought pint cream jacques note things book carried drivers weekly bills collect money jacques liking pierre excused task pierre arrive morning walk wagon spot curb deliver milk returned hours later stiffly seat called cheery au jacques limped slowly street morning president provincale milk company inspect early morning deliveries jacques pointed pierre watch talks horse horse listens turns head pierre look horse eyes think share secret noticed
christmas school let weeks vacation full job mail truck helping deliver packages patagonia kingman missed seeing black colt figured add savings considerably working holidays money buy kind present ma pa check christmas nineteen dollars seventy cents evening tucson christmas shopping pa soft brown bedroom slippers dollars ran jewelry store headed looking buy ma goin pa asked thought find somethin ma told pointed window full gadgets fell step directing jewelry store street dress shop ma wants dress awful bad re lot money want git sounded idea looking dresses fit ma looked twenty dollars pa settle cheaper offered pay half wanted buy shut eyes trying forget saving horse
large woman large purse hammer nails strap carried slung shoulder eleven clock night dark walking boy ran tried snatch purse strap broke sudden single tug boy gave boy weight weight purse combined caused lose balance taking full blast hoped boy fell sidewalk legs flew large woman simply turned kicked square blue sitter reached picked boy shirt front shook teeth rattled woman pick pocketbook boy give held tightly bent permit stoop pick purse ashamed firmly gripped shirt front boy yes woman want boy didn aim lie passed stopped turned look stood watching turn loose run asked woman yes boy won turn loose woman
noticed small puffs sand brown smoke bottom puffs linked straight furrow stretched ahead object pulled sand boat dragging anchor thought leaving trail follow won waste stopping check bearings boat dead ahead drove hard minutes ten minutes trail dragging anchor muscles arms shoulders rarely diving ached fatigue fifteen minutes boat heading straight sea told bottom drop thirty minutes wanted turn head shore part mind shout part mind raged gaining boat bound find bobbie forty minutes slowed stroke instant muscles shoulders longer hurt arms detached whirling blades windmill driven force suddenly felt longer continue strong thrust arms flutter kick feet slowed puffs sand larger easy relax stop swimming thought relax think
candle sputtered wildly moon cast beam david empty bed halfway bed brother sleeping ordinarily early planned wait till morning talk ezra plan excitement gripped decided couldn wait ezra called ezra stirred opened eye look older brother admired david boyhood friendship david deep thinking quiet times idea fire ezra knew pleaded david hours sun father death ezra full responsibility farm help troubled david yale david father died inheritance college education dreamed july connecticut village saybrook ready continue thought real classmates enlisted marched boston general george washington army graduation david decided perfecting machine worked knew scuttle british fleet black dick howe
david hung governor left deal night reported ezra bargained uriah buy scraps timber left oliver cromwell uriah let build rowboat started weeks later finished rowboat christened lady rowed hours saybrook month knew moment sleep rose dawn labored field evening meal rowed seine house supposedly fish planned night row home hours sleep rising farm found wasn working inspired possibilities incredible machine taking shape eyes brothers worked clock physical exhaustion david declared ready testing david ezra returned field mrs handed david letter delivered dr gale instructed hands told david tore open letter sink swim think david hesitated moment mother asked directly tell ezra going fishing night believe
calm sea voice bay sigh death comes sea gentlest moment fear pain falling asleep hard live sea poor build boat follow sun islands forgive tongue wandering lives pigs oxen company words crowd thick throat let choke god sends guests evening tales begin dark hump sea sun big island northward hump whale dark water tomorrow sunrise glow pink rose noon shine white snow dark bright seamen thirty miles sea ithaca rocky ithaca grapes grow olives figs pasture horses goats craggy hills small inland feels midst sea sound ears dazzle eyes smell nostrils glory heart ithaca odysseus born
soon sea find stories true build fine black ship vermilion bows painted eye side help find moonlit night sail sicily place sun sank sea southward round stormy cape eastern lands ringing fame young agamemnon called king rich powerful house castle mountains mycenae hill tracks ran southern northern sea agamemnon greater command army bigger hundreds need going war rumors mouths remember stories coming growing power city called troy eastward aegean sea troy hated cities robber city blocking trade route east forcing tribute merchants seamen greece islands troy pulled blotted burned fire sooner later ships greece assembled war begin odysseus play part black ship spear bow
famous odysseus menelaus patroclus stood flesh blood honors house prince wonder young odysseus trod air weeks wooing helen merrily grandest auction seen young offered half fortune nearly blows outbid supper stories send girl room hall serving women stand minute pillar father chair veil face young look look silence spirit troubled call ask offer ajax known strongest greece moved muscles swell breathe skin crawling live creatures weak head asked gift give daughter promised thousand oxen thousand sheep vessels gold bales linen count remember
hundred ago eskimo chief named began search mysterious lost tribe eskimos search lasted took dangerous land frozen arctic sure tribe existed exactly look knew white whale hunter told visited home northern canada told small band polar eskimos reported living north pole young loved adventure decided find distant cousins polar eskimos discouraged find lost tribe foolish trip lost find home believe words white whale hunter asked story crazy believe turned search began shouted look distance saw tiny mounds think igloos called found filled excitement drove dogs harder soon knew found lost tribe polar eskimos polar eskimos afraid distant cousins
ago king lived sea denmark proud leader warriors built hall warriors feast tell stories terrible enemy began attack wicked monster named grendel didn happiness hall grendel evil powerful feared night dark den rip open hall door kill sleeping warriors sea mighty warrior hero beowulf bravest told king help performed deeds strong kill grendel bare hands sword king angry hear beowulf words unhappy able kill grendel sneered beowulf asked lost swimming match hero beowulf drew proudly don heard think beaten wrong stared straight killed brother sort person king think sort person beowulf
sharks dashed place pu threw stone wrong side pool pu dived caught lobsters pu sharks told king sharks killed guilty shark shark king sharks left pu big problem left kill big angry king sharks finally idea planned carefully cut pieces wood feet put bag sticks lighting fire charcoal burn food took bag shore stood pool spoke loudly going dive lobsters afraid mighty king sharks eat thing bites blood comes top water mother bring takes mouth biting die king sharks delighted aha finally boy swallow pu dived pool king sharks grabbed swallowed inside shark pu put sticks shark jaws close mouth
mother gave firm turn bottle lid julius definitely want give home boa constrictor want boa constrictor pet thing clear mind julius asked pet shop says pets buffy study pets wanted boa constrictors julius buffy friend benjamin pet boa constrictor lives bathtub family showers aunt stay week remembered warn walked bathroom saw huge reptile curled bathtub happened julius asked eyes round wide open gave loud yell moved hotel refused place rid benjamin mother told find home put notice pet shop free boa constrictor looking home lizzie walked study free asked free boa constrictor buffy told boa constrictor mother added looking home julius feels offer
evening julius father home greeted family patted dog george ears dinner starving sure smells kitchen julius look fright worried guppy losing weight buffy julius starting mad don tease buffy father look fright julius need hair cut look shaggy re going front guess cut tomorrow tomorrow happening tomorrow family asked olly brother place tomorrow let try play tune french horn taught olly notes blind mice planning french horn mother asked tasted sip soup steaming kettle mm hmm julius nodded thinking taste soup actually french horn curls shiny brass hard blow single solitary sound french horn lizzie father tomorrow going try skill musical instrument
dinner julius family wish snow clear sidewalks earn money watching mother served rice pudding favorite dessert paid attention need dollars ninety cents badly louder thirty cents pass nutmeg julius buffy asked sprinkled nutmeg rice pudding jobs house earn money julius asked loud voice stack dishwasher father love money walk george buffy turn tonight mine thought wanted earn money pay handsome sum earn dollar hour takes minutes walk george julius starting mad don tease buffy father julius stacked dishwasher wondered able earn money send monster phone rang mother answered heard talking mrs door neighbor think julius happy heard mother say dire need cash funds put julius called mrs wants able feed cat weekend going town
europe interested trading indies found fine goods produced indies indies wanted spices help food taste wanted silks jewels gold silver articles goods expensive hard europe wealthy afford small box pepper cost deal money look map help explain indies europe indies lands eastern asia included india china spice islands find lands map globe find europe travel europe indies slow goods carried part mules mountain trails camel caravans hauled goods hot deserts finally treasures loaded boats part journey goods arrived robbers lay wait deserted trails pirates seized goods sea wonder europe wanted safer shorter route indies country portugal ships southward west coast africa search route asia portuguese hoped sail eastward tip africa east coast indies daring thought route indies direction sea captain italy named christopher columbus
king england john cabot america cabot italy living england fact english columbus cabot believed sail west reach indies decided sail shorter route columbus map shows cabot route notice sailed straight west england notice route differed columbus took summer cabot reached cool shores large island lay northeast coast north america island called newfoundland cabot thought china splendid cities shining gold towers camel caravans loaded silks spices cabot found kind wealth noticed shallow waters large island alive fish fish scooped baskets fish important food europeans cabot knew europeans earned money fishing welcome news rich fishing grounds cabot claimed land found england king england pleased news cabot reached china voyage planned cabot ships west return loaded treasures china cabot promise reached east coast north america
pennsylvania settled swedish dutch later large group english called quakers settled pilgrims quakers want attend church england worshiped england trouble put prison fined large sums money king england gave william penn permission start colony penn quaker colony named pennsylvania sylvania means woodlands penn sure colonists pennsylvania freedom religion freedom laws sure native americans lived nearby treated fairly quaker settlement village named philadelphia means city brotherly love philadelphia located hundred miles km delaware river penn planned philadelphia care laid straight wide streets parks gardens philadelphia beautiful towns colonies avenues tree shaded lined neat red brick houses shining marble steps philadelphia grew shipping center ships visited docks brought goods england carried crops lumber products jersey settlers places europe english swedish dutch scotch irish jersey part colony york later part pennsylvania jersey separate colony government
danny tree sister carted load trash steps boy hope mom give soon packing unpacking wearing danny sandy gazed brother amazement sandy older danny head taller eleven developing strong looking body athlete home apache reservation arizona danny spent hours dribbling basketball gym tiring complaining taking trash sure re delicate agreed sandy slyly mom bit tired danny working snappy reply boy voice called landing hey think re sounded furious danny felt getting angry needed flights stairs heavy trash kid thought putting trash danny called skinny boy leaning floor banister anyway added moment father superintendent boy tone nasty read trash ten morning night lease stomped heard door slam welcome los friendly city danny making exaggerated bow towering cartons trash threw bottom step rested head arms
watching famous basketball team harlem globetrotters globetrotters pop music begins reach court theme song familiar sweet georgia brown whistling makes want stand dance bounding basketball court music plays tall graceful wear big smiles faces playing basketball game job outing stand line basketball court wave audience spotlight moves announcer introduces fans applaud pause spotlight chases court trying locate arriving late skips boy pretending sucking lollipop look innocence face laughs grown feet tall dawdling globetrotters scowl wave impatiently hurry join line reply floppy handed wave broad smile lemon globetrotters star attractions finally comes halt feet front globetrotters spotlight stays
trotters play regular league touring exhibition team series night stands cities towns country fans waiting trotters lemon making laugh eastern united states unit harlem globetrotters making laugh california side australia globetrotters team organization playing names players change act remains funny thing stays globetrotters black black allowed play professional basketball leagues drawn globetrotters style skill players entertained black white fans equally bringing laughter greatest players professional leagues black globetrotters players trotters strong competing team continue offer team comic entertainment skilled sporting fun nights week globetrotters demonstrated special style basketball fans united states department called proven ambassadors team played eighty countries past twenty
carlos saw big lobster rocks reached hand pulled big lobster carlos needed air wanted andy big lobsters swam lobster pulled rocks shot water fast took deep breath reached surface look called swam sea watch andy bill dan looked carlos catch carlos called dan carlos swam boat helped side water ran carlos stood deck held lobsters say lobsters andy asked andy answer carlos minute knew big lobsters didn want tell carlos look lobsters andy lobsters cried carlos coming lobsters found carlos bill seen lobsters andy laughed dan tell carlos andy salty andy andy cooked carlos say took lobsters galley bill dan laughed dan fighting
deck carlos side sea watch looked clear blue water think soon diving pearl oysters devil shark island diving suit helmet pearl diving asked bill answered carlos skin divers small skin diving skin diving helmet diving asked bill carlos helmet diving put heavy diving suit helmet worry air hose rope move slowly bottom sea air hose stay longer dan skin diver coming air carlos move fast water skin diver move fast swim fish swim places fish swim diving suit helmet air hose skin diving diving helmets pedro skin diving pearls water looks skin diving dan looking clear water pedro water devil shark island
sea watch moved open sea sailed course devil shark island sun going pedro called devil shark island ran deck looked water devil shark island soon sea watch close shore island pearl oyster bed side cove pedro told dan place anchor sea watch anchor sea watch soon splashed clear water looks start diving soon sun comes morning dan yes pedro wait sun sky sun light water andy looking water oysters pedro trouble seeing swimming pearl oyster looks part rocks carlos look look oysters say andy eat andy laughed pedro want eat oysters eat cooking
streets crowded usual today wondered find friend decided directly sophists meet lately found arguing sophists believe importance athletics doubted sophists believed sophists group traveling teachers liked athenian citizens taught students argue reason cleverly process learning students learned speak older athens approve subjects sophists discussed citizens athens confused fact sophists teach thing remembered friend told sophist named gorgias gorgias talking nature science gorgias tried persuade impossible nature science gorgias nature minute stays things change sure pretty sure thing gorgias sounded fool hurried past altar twelve gods turned walk painted porch sophists stood citizens stood small groups stood steps listened sophist named pausanias
dressing room took tunic cloak washed quickly large fountain cold water felt bare skin rubbed body oil sprinkled fine sand getting chilled exercised walked exercise field saw getting ready jump broad jump suntanned body covered sweat finished jump smiled figured distance months hard summer games pericles spoke morning maybe athenians trust judgment agree stay inside walls refuse fight land ships attack spartan stronghold pericles win war sea roof house asked watched spartans burning fields remembered father owned land attica forgotten pericles completely warnings peace party continued peace party opposed pericles position saying athens stay corinth corinth continue peace pericles put end plan proposed war managed persuade assembly agree
light morning beaming courtyard slept lain awake night thinking remembering months mother died smallpox guest father dinner ago athens able provision inside walls citizens needed protection deadly plague invaded city mother pericles died plague curious events athens thought death pericles athenian citizens begun doubt wisdom leader citizens city states athenian rule disagreed pericles citizens urged pericles cooperate respect peace pact athens sparta citizens supported pericles efforts build athenian empire control sea finally began conspire pericles pericles left athens command naval fleet battle brought arguments assembly citizens convinced assembly vote pericles office pericles returned athens discovered tried misuse government money knew unfair trial tired war disliked pericles decisions true money city states construct buildings statues athens
bedford secretly night ball shape spacecraft fly rapidly space land moon bedford heaps white stuff rocky surface think white stuff snow watch sunlight hits soon turns vapor guesses white stuff frozen air vapor air able breathe spacecraft decides chance opens spacecraft sticks head guessed rightly air moon breathe bedford leave spacecraft move appeared brown rocks begin move grow later learn morning plants spring dry freeze end morning spring moon night winter bedford find jump feet meters moon carelessly set leaping surface soon lose sight spacecraft forest rapidly growing plants earth lost moon move bedford discover huge slow moving animals feed plants feet herded living creatures herders walk feet feet tall
look maps africa pages africa big continent largest earth continent stretches thousand miles km north south equator algeria north africa north north carolina united states prime meridian crosses africa location longitude latitude place africa africa large kinds land africa largest desert sahara thick forests grow basin congo river places broad grassy plains stretch miles places high rocky mountains africa forty countries continent countries africa map page political map called political map governments sudan largest african country fourth size united states live united states live sudan nigeria large sudan country africa egypt larger size nigeria nigeria african country fourth africa live nigeria egypt political map shows african cities marked stars national capitals cairo capital egypt largest african city learn things africa map page
born answer ago past true answers course born past past answer clearly give month birth definite statement called date date event columbus landed america times date hour minute month astronaut stepped moon july hard speak dates say think answer set questions set summer yesterday school today times past means baseball game played taking place soon player game part past longer learn past game looking remember saw look record book think thinking past past
windmill lantern common think tell land western europe clues look map western europe notice bodies water wash thousands miles coastline lot coastline compared amount land western europe forms called peninsula peninsula land surrounded sides water fourth side connected larger area land part western european peninsula hundred miles sea think sea land western europe faces flat lands called plains rolling hills steep mountains places soil dry beach sand soil black fertile soil sticks clay squeeze hand flat land europe found windmills think windmills western europe resources places large amounts coal iron resources western europe factories coal miners carry lanterns think lanterns important miners europe highlands places towering mountains mountain peaks snow round
farmers western europe windmill valuable machine water pump driven wind helped farmers control level water land region known central plain farmers windmills today windmills stand farmers pumps run machines central plain large region stretches pyrenees mountains west ural mountains east pyrenees border france spain urals inside soviet union locate pyrenees mountains map map tell central plain narrow wide central plain farmland soil rich plentiful nearby ocean weather western europe mild moist hot summer cold winter land denmark netherlands grow food crops raise cattle land france germany grows fine wheat crops grapes making wine ice age ice masses moved central plain masses ice called glaciers glaciers moved broke soil rock northwestern highlands areas
mountain areas major means transportation carry tourists skiers engineers mountain peaks especially important engineers alpine region western europe engineers region valuable natural resource resource waterpower region swift flowing rivers produce electricity engineers harness water dams force water fall speeds pipe systems water spins giant turbines turbines machines electricity alpine region group steep mountains plateaus spreads southern edge europe spain soviet union forms natural barrier north south passes mountain chain brenner saint bernard saint passes famous centuries ideas moved passes movement helped build common cultural heritage north south mountains alpine region seventy million region shows signs growing earthquakes common active volcanoes volcanoes etna vesuvius italy alive threatening mt etna erupted red hot river lava rushed cone eleven thousand feet ground lava poured sides volcano countryside farming difficult areas alpine region slopes steep
decided foolish depend france buy wine tore vineyards planted wheat algerians think mistake destroy perfectly vineyards think smart wheat bread plan working flat plains moderate rain north wheat excellent crops wheat farming require workers vineyards find crops provide growing population sugar beets tobacco crops successful hope increase crops oranges grapefruit lemons home export problems think government attention industry algeria interrupted say industry saying continued think agriculture important quarters farmers herders addition agriculture helps entire nation sell food products abroad help algeria earn money finally days increasing food prices important nation able feed paused minute say smiled agreeing
thought times unlike son abu worried clogged irrigation ditches fertilizer shortages price cotton proud cotton project started decided part school osman grandfather attended taught muslim memorized entire koran muslim holy book nomadic thought lived teachings koran osman father abu young farmer abu leader recently appointed block inspector managed irrigation canals section seen government abu remembered british returned independence week rejoicing abu problems government taxes price cotton low abu felt wages paid hired help pick cotton high allah food house money pocket fine son osman expect abu remembered british colonial officers fact job block inspector held english person abu english strange
weeks later walked familiar forest trail ife walked thoughts drifted happened high school surely nurse met leaving village benin city school big difference wondered happier school happier staying village traditional ways ife took bus benin hot ride arrived relatives house late talked short sleep morning put nurse uniform set hospital aunt uncle proud staying fine young nigerian nurse family brought honor household hospital learned job application accepted start monday exciting job benin city apartment look wedding think decided glad high school led business trip oil fields
mom tried windows weather freezing cold weeks windows locked kids getting mad mom getting nervous find warm place wait till daddy wouldn home hours answered bell neighbor house door friend house mrs willis idea let stop music center wondered gloomy winter afternoon lights inside music center looked friendly welcoming mothers hallway waiting children took music lessons mom started chat lady waiting girl elsie coming piano lessons place kids lady community music center neighborhood live don money walk past music center wouldn think going don money spend special things music lessons lessons cheap music center run dream think rich poor young black white chance tune music neighborhood welcome music center
re young start music center kids music kids born rhythm hear beat repeat tones sounds move beat sound beat repeat music strong rhythm pulls tap feet feel beat music moves earth songs dances beginning voice shout rhythm hands beat dawn nicky couldn join kids music lesson wished drum earliest instruments tree trunk drum banging hollow log sticks makes sound heard send signals danced dawn nicky watched phil try sounded finished putting music center falling instrument pieces wood sizes bang piece makes tone move tone tone melody put rhythm melody music lots lessons going music center learning play kinds musical instruments
wanted family part wonderful place didn cost lessons wanted play guitar office miss hill helped sign lessons child decide instrument wanted learn play upstairs store room full instruments center lend taking lessons billy chose violin nicky chose flute david wanted learn play trumpet lessons cost mom home smile guitar home daddy waiting wondering laughed mom explained getting locked house tuned music center lost key found willis family walked community music center walked music schools music centers boston large cities country community music centers sounding note trying teach kind music want learn black neighborhood interested learning play jazz music black africa music spanish countries special style sound countries want hold music love neighborhood music centers give chance learn kind music
slow moments moved ramon sat quiet branches boy sat quiet cross neighboring thin shade ramon pushed stunted juniper rose feet flock stirring sheep sheep flock flock knows hottest hour passed flock thinks moving finding food shaping theresa front follow season follow juanita side follow maria side follow direction direction flock part sheep shaped flock sheep knows place front act wrongness find ramon picked worn stick leaned watch slow drifting movement flock boy stood soft muted sheep ewes calling month lambs lambs gently sheer joy movement social humming flock
ramon leaned stick gently gently murmured ai sancho watch pedro learn ramon put fingers mouth whistled brown dog stopped looked ramon raised arm straight head dropped pointing flock drifted brown dog trotted forward front flock side black dog bounded brown dog turned snapped black dog abashed retreated left side flock drifted slowly southwestward dogs ramon motioned boy lead rope burro follow flock thinks direction want direction wanted goes slowly feed goes slowly days follow push gently gently flock driven fast need herd horses cows fast sheep feed graze lose flesh flock gently pushed think wants desire wants
flock drifted forward ground sloped gradual descent vague curving line reddish willow brush clumps big cottonwoods cross river ramon care shows sheep flock water known flock mad thirst drink pool pool miles water strange flock visited left smell pool strange flock visited drink noticing heard flocks lost dead sheep broke stopped ran water knows bad cross water ai knowing flock cross splashing water refuse turn trouble crossing wide water fast deep knowing ramon stopped leaned stick call dog boy put fingers mouth whistled black dog leaped bounding ramon
sky fighter frank knock kite pirate kite frank let string kite sky kites sky frank laughed fly kite kite fight sky fighter suddenly hector look wrong kite going sky fighter black skull bones pirate kite climbing fast going sky fighter look going crash frank eyes big hands tightened string watched pirate kite climb air let knock kite air ran sky fighter high air ran roof pulling string frank pipe pipe sticking roof foot hit pipe frank flying hard rolled kite string sailed fingers hector started laugh saw funny saw string going fly roof didn stop sky fighter drop break pieces frank shouted string frank hector knew string
hector frank watched pirate kite danced wind laugh kite frank makes lost scared hector pirate kite beaten look frank pirate kite going pulling frank started run hector ran going called roof frank roof hector asked roof pirate kite going want flying boys raced street building frank ran inside stairs roof frank yelled hector saw door roof yelled frank downstairs ran ran building bumped angela frank sister friend dee frank asked angela asked frank guy flies pirate kite didn dee hector frank inside building frank started building angela grabbed arm let let fly kites yes dee let fly sky fighter frank hector experts weak fly kite
boy didn stop pedaled harder grocery wagon frank hector getting yelled hector boy pedal lot junk frank hector finally caught grabbed grocery wagon pete hector threw arms pete quit owe kites frank pete owe pete tried pedal hector frank held pete wagon faced boys put hands ready fight heard lost kites pete kites frank lost kites pirate kite flying lie pete frank pulled cover wagon pete pushed hector frank flying pirate kite delivering groceries afternoon look pointed wagon filled bags groceries kite run asked frank late groceries pete ran didn hang say sorry later took wrong turn alley
later bill broke slow jog left north high felt tired school hard practice felt excitement feel strong light ran bill let mind return dream pitching major league team count set batter expect waste pitch bill slowed walk ready mind pitch corner father stands suddenly dream faded short sad laugh bill lips father stands thought memory father accident minutes thoughts dirty streets walked dingy apartment buildings close hated place hated cracked sidewalks dirt streets full children place play wished family lived hard bill felt baseball glove hand remembered father don look bill set eyes want don look
yea yelled center city team wildcat struck batter low ball left field double wildcats yelled coach wells matter fellows called let hear yelled batter phil pop fly shortstop took care wildcat batter wildcats chatter bench feeling relief bill thought look inning ashamed thought hit bill started tell finished thought yelling players wildcats yell run batter hit double chatter stop batter flied center field fly retired side needed tell wildcats hustle field ran past bill players wait till weeks bill took place mound felt excited strong ready begin cool told control added warmed bill looked carefully raiders batter slowly raised arm wiped face wait bill give chance worried bill give bit low
bill bus ride north high sit feeling playing baseball hey bill cal asked going guy yelling control players answered busted suggested player later bill hurried home put thoughts black suit mind tired felt dingy streets buildings bother wait tell sammy game thought bill picked groups playing children neared apartment sammy wondered suddenly saw brother standing steps watching older boys playing catch sammy saw bill started run bill smiled braced knew sammy flying leap hey exclaimed bill re getting big knock days win asked sammy bet answered bill pitch game strike sammy asked question boy laughed bill yes pitched game didn strike dottie crying sammy announced breath asked bill surprise
seen posters bear forest ranger hat caption pictures reads prevent forest fires real bear inspired cartoons named smokey chosen living symbol national fire prevention movement twenty ago choice smokey symbol meaningful real smokey found cub remains smoldering forest fire smokey function posters cartoons remind carelessness destroy acres timberland cost lives hundreds maybe thousands animals forests nation match smoldering campfire turn forest inferno public service messages television actually show destruction carelessness campaign fire prevention continue smokey aging cartoons real smokey bear mate goldie retired national zoo washington cared remainder lives smokey message continue original smokey bear longer active duty feel blind things sighted consider game bowling bowler pins end alley order aim knocking
letters thousands americans run eagerly post office brought patricia brennan rochester york likes letters angry letter friend idaho glad letter angry fact united states postal service thirteen days deliver idaho rochester mail longer travels pony express mrs brennan thought thirteen days mrs brennan husband decided mail service began letter delivery company picked thousand letters promised deliver city rochester guaranteed service charged ten cents letter postal service charging thirteen cents letter promising letter going united states postal service happy brennans postal service workers understand brennans job money rochester brennans delivery service happy pleased district court judge told brennans stop competing united states postal service brennans vowed continue fight deliver mail quickly low price
happened shiny fire engine arrived upper york firehouse woman put bouquet flowers hands truck driver drove engine wisconsin york needless say surprised marvelled big powerful looked fire fighters walked crowd onlookers bragging engine happy excited crowd shouted say won fit firehouse deal confidence driver backed foot engine station house station house front engine going fire truck finally driver turned engine breathed sigh relief wall left big bulge fire engine safely rest firehouse happy crowd wrong clock morning residents upper heard roar loud rumbling sound concrete floor firehouse split half weight heavy truck parked fire engine carpenters firehouse feet longer repaired cracked floor america show business traditions born
captain turned head uncle looked moment deciding irrevocably children father sailor drowned lad months saw captain grumbled heard crime committed uncle spoke hastily thirteen moment thought confessing twelve thought beating knew uncle give prove liar mouth shut think deck boy captain grabbed arm judge rags covered muscles favor captain nodded favor pond rising chair shook hands uncle looked remarking offhandedly aboard tonight left office sea uncle soon door closed captain opportunity captain sailor boat winds brig ship thank mother died months busy thanking mrs pond food ate rags wore beatings received
bunk dream hoarse voice shouting part opened eyes skylight grey light morning staring face devil human let boy sat cabin filled sailors looked spoken turned sight broad gave courage look demanding bunk middling height slightly built appearance face noticed brawl claimed china cut face knife scars disfigured features mask mouth drawn side permanent sneer corner large broad scar rose eye causing slanted deformed bunk jumped deck cabin took blanket threw forecastle knife wrapped blanket fell clatter deck picked looked stuck belt sight knife belt fear left shouted mine
officer watch king watch ship merchant ship kingdom republic looked trying judge kind captain watch gentleman looked shore business hand held interest believe sailors choose larboard watch mustered crane worked lonely starboard watch seamen choice signing ship roll farm horse wish watch shanghai called walk starboard side breathed freer seeing shanghai standing larboard railing noah watch ship carpenter pleased youth pushed watch mate talking calling pimples middle morning half morning watch runs noon passed starboard duty feared set pimples polish brass aft cabin greyish green dirt companion smiled called pimples merriment smile joy wagging tail beaten dog
dangerous john prison threat country night lights carved small block wood spoon dawn hid night night carved finally finished block wood looked exactly gun black shoe polish painted fake gun shined gun gleamed black metal ready prison guard late night bed check called guard grabbed pointed wooden gun guard commanded guard knew knew reputation knew convicted killer didn want victim didn examine gun guard unlocked cell let growled shoved guard hall locked gate open snapped gate ordered guard armory weapons stored took machine guns put arm laugh threw wooden gun floor machine guns hostage easily forced prison prison yard stole car belonged sheriff left guard standing
ma barker raised sons crime ma disrespect law taught sons knew robbing cheating stealing policeman mistake going easy ma barker woman mistake earth ma barker meaning word mercy soon kill look barker gang worked ozark hills missouri gang committed crimes end country local officials match gang fbi trouble tracking gang law close ma barker gang scatter things cooled gang fbi stayed trail ma barker gang fbi step gang catch finally ma gang split getting close ma sons florida sons stayed missouri wasn smart ma help fbi soon caught caught stealing mail saw surrounded fbi agents policemen ma son gave fight member ma barker gang caught trial judge gave sentence jail
fbi agents drew line road map fort worth amarillo started hunt days found small farmhouse fbi agents found water tasted strange minerals water inside found wall chain found cup broken handle jones questioned owners farmhouse broke admitted helped kidnappers told fbi agents kidnappers machine gun kelly jones quickly tracked kidnapper colorado agents found hiding place surrounded saw fbi special agents gave fight soon kidnapper machine gun kelly large george kelly called machine gun missed weapon accuracy deadly fbi hunting kelly bootlegging gambling kidnapping chance capture machine gun kelly thought fbi track didn information jones received kidnappers jones tracked kelly memphis tennessee jones teamed memphis police fbi finally closing machine gun kelly hot humid september dawn fbi agents memphis police moved expected big battle
joe foster shoes skidding door factory motion joe snatched card slot pushed clock machine snapped marking card angela gordon company telephone operator watched amusement late joe week late times aw angie ten minutes late re lucky carver boss ms walters ten seconds late give earful joe didn reply hurried stockroom worked annoyed angie kidding wouldn minded older person angie high school graduated working audio company joe didn think gently scolded age entered stockroom threw coat hook turned boss run today orders billing department mac mind joe mac carver looking desk harry mac friendly person joe liked working boss coolness lasted final bell thought joe wrong side bed joe going let disturb payday
george heard racket looked hill ripping tearing mountainside splinters firewood thunder lightning hail snow odds ends awful clouds dust trees going end end air rocks big house jumping bout thousand feet high busting ten million pieces cattle turned inside coming head tails hanging teeth midst flowing wreck morgan sittin cabin chair says wonders didn stay hold possession lord bless took look sir lit county jumps exactly grinds morgan hangs won move ranch says going says likes hillside mad mad days couldn find town wandering brush starving death going law hear angry hyde heard thing hyde reason worry morgan shadow stay wide say morgan
thousands fans packed arena noticed lone figure sitting player bench busy yelling basketball teams warmed knew young thinking quietly watched tri cities teammates ready play minneapolis lakers newspaper reporters covering game knew taking place watched giant figure seats stands finished warm ups reporters turned attention action court suddenly players completed warm drill began running floor bench neared young slowed hush fell crowd players shook young hand purpose stands earlier coach red visited local officials told chuck cooper sit game mid fifties black player allowed play basketball whites baton rouge louisiana clear town cooper room explain happening room reform school removed rest team staying black cooper allowed stay hotel team special arrangements orleans shreveport louisiana games game trip
downstairs car brand waiting front building tools safely side black case streets bare morning late night strollers fighting chill wind pulled gloves wrists hands warm hard small tools hands cold idea planted bomb asked driver group hospital treats workers didn story think hour goes brand waiting hospital pulled raced front steps filled going gotten patients move kim fast don bomb hidden place hospital hour set blocks stood crowd nurses doctors patients watching waiting hospital filled police spotted members bomb squad soon walked door cover floor groups explained fast don skip
farmer nice kristy liked think father kristy felt gloomy forsaken pain father death fresh deep close mother missed cared think father died kristy felt city wanted remain wasn sure going heading west kristy farmer talked rode asked relatives west planning kristy told relatives real plans kind job thought west friendly exciting young think exciting things happening place farmer live east itch wide open west re west son think east figure things happen eyes open believe miles space quiet believe kristy going farmer quiet dull
ten ago playing streets musicians couldn find music wasn appreciated gave players change felt sorry street music adds city lunchtime street concerts brighten days bring play music street woman plays harp streets york says happy kind strangers talk known talk friends surprised hear harp harp center lunchtime rush sound relaxes brings softness woman took pictures crowd giggled saw dreamy eyed looked surprised read woman sign says harp copy harp throw coins harp case say young wow didn women harps lot laughs calls piano repairman plays music upright piano piano wheels
unhappy thoughts hurried anxious going liked quickly wonder large feel small empty worst continued sadly care worth seeing punctuated thought deep sigh house sparrow singing nearby stopped rushed home family stopping looking rushed past buildings busy shops lined street minutes reached home dashed lobby hopped elevator opened apartment door rushed room flopped dejectedly chair grumbled softly afternoon looked glumly things owned books trouble read tools learned small electric automobile driven months hundreds games toys bats balls bits pieces scattered side room phonograph noticed certainly seen possibly left enormous package strange square definitely round size larger big package smaller dimension seen
milo looked noticed dozens sitting car standing road lying trees bushes difficult happened sitting exactly color happened looked color course looked pleased meet milo sure pleased think lost help don say think sitting shoe shoulder fallen asleep law yawned fell sleep allowed think doldrums continued beginning doze spoke fell sleep picked conversation interruption don rule book local ordinance milo quickly pulled rule book pocket opened page read ordinance unlawful illegal unethical think think thinking surmise presume reason meditate speculate doldrums breaking law severely punished ridiculous law milo indignantly thinks don shouted don yellow sitting daffodil
excuse gruff conduct watchdog driving traditional watchdogs ferocious milo relieved escaped doldrums assured dog bore ill fact grateful assistance splendid shouted watchdog pleased sure friends rest trip call tock strange dog goes tickticktickticktick milo didn call don say gasped dog milo tear eye didn mean hurt feelings milo meaning hurt feelings dog getting hold story sad tell brother born pup family parents overjoyed immediately named tick expectation sound sure winding discovered horror going tickticktickticktick rushed hall records change late officially inscribed arrived determined mistake logical children sound named tock
seen sick lion going hospital stretcher animals treated animal hospitals dogs cats sick injured animals treated hamsters monkeys raccoons pet skunks animal patients treated doctors trained medicine animals doctors called veterinarians animal hospitals nurses aid doctors charts patient doctor checks patient care needed animal care care human patients animals operations bandaged medicine animal patients fed comfortable treated kindly animal patients stay hospital aid dog injured paw cat bone caught throat lion lost roar complained teakettles wheels stay hard invention adventure building bridges tunnels tracks meant backbreaking railroads laid mountains rivers wood coal burning engines needed fed train travel dangerous telegraph knuckle coupler steel rails air brakes sleeping dining cars train trip comfortable trains helped move america west legends grew laid rails manned engines railroad stories heroes heroines wrecks wrecks
stormy weather fair oceangoing tugboats plow waves big cousins smaller harbor tugs sea lanes towing heavy barges equipment end fleets sail ports king tug fleets dutch fleet sturdy dutch tugs tackle towing jobs rough weather fleets avoid dutch crews forget danger job bring tow safely port rough weather spells danger shipping sos flashes news ship distress engines built towing called speed oceangoing tugs race rescue ship effort save ship sailors wind waves lose battle dutch tug rescue means hands safe ship towed port thomas jefferson means things remember jefferson country president author declaration independence jefferson inventor jefferson inventions especially home monticello jefferson added air conditioning storm windows house revolving door built kitchen dining room things unusual today jefferson ago unusual monticello modern homes
high mountains southern oregon lies beautiful mysterious lake lake deepest lake north america water run trapped mountain crater lake mystery solved scientists study earth geologists tell lake volcano blew top rock ash huge basin formed slowly crater filled rain snow lake appeared hollow mountaintop indians imaginative answer mystery legend tells battle chief evil underworld spirits chief sky spirits battle fierce mountains shook evil chief spit fire rocks earth begged sky spirit save finally mountain broke open tumbled evil spirit storm spirits rains fires put hole mountaintop filled water states indians making war enemy forest fire west northwest indian crews famous bravery skill battle save forest field town flame appears trained fire fighting crews rush battlefront fire fighters indian crews flown reservations towns dressed sturdy clothes hard hats decorated tribal designs brave braves set extinguisher pick shovel
difficult send letter colonial times mail service provided travelers willing carry letters traveled land colonial times poor roads hard follow trails paths land travel slow dangerous ships sailed atlantic coast began carrying letters ship arrived port shipmaster letters inn sooner later stop claim letters colonies grew reliable sending letters needed boston post road built enable horseback called carry mail boston york mile post road ran boston williamsburg virginia post road mail service perfect stopped visit roadside inns carrying mail quickly letters opened read stolen wet weather post roads turned deep mud travel slowed benjamin franklin appointed head colonial postal system franklin soon dismissed lazy dishonest reduced took riders carry mail city house house delivery mail begun philadelphia colonies declared independence continental congress chose franklin postmaster general british troops burning danbury connecticut sybil ludington froze fear heard terrifying news
mailman badly needed deliver mail california genoa utah territory winter route lofty sierra nevada mountains miles snowdrifts tried indian snowshoes impossible tall young named john thomson arrived post office willing deliver mail thomson started january pound pack dried meat biscuit pocket expected finish cold trip thomson starting kind snowshoe thomson snowshoes hacked oak logs indian snowshoes snowshoes modeled skis boy norway skis carried quickly easily drifts unbelievable days snowshoe thomson genoa mail ore samples nevada miners winter nearly thomson regular schedule genoa carried mail packages medicine lead type nevada newspaper tales thomson courage added story mail run miners trappers owed lives rescue skiing mailman isolated towns depended thomson bring news emergency supplies snowshoe thomson heroes west fabulous skiers
fun word detective country peoples languages history words difficult trace words especially thing named words names thing introduced country person forgotten word remains sir robert peel organized london police force policemen nicknamed later bobbies term forgotten london policemen called bobbies joel american minister mexico found unusual plant large flower leaves written latin plant today red leaves yellow flowers favorite christmas decoration etienne de silhouette hobby cutting portraits black paper silhouette job saving money french government silhouette meant cheap type art silhouette means outline portrait dark shape outlined lighter background evening englishman earl sandwich busy eat dinner hungry asked servant bring dinner meat slices buttered bread servant told earl sandwich ate sandwich jimmy angel prospector peered plane windows watching landmarks tell nearing river
noticed matters coyote concern earth trees pounded hard feet wildflowers replaced papers cans bottles bottle smelled sweet tipped paw spinning word coke view dripped tasted contents pleasant licking jowls pushed tongue bottle stuck pulled stuck tighter canny presence relaxed tongue slid dashed avoid bottles unsuccessful experience learned failure success trotting running climbed rock ledge road cascade cars poured retreated low lying yew tree judge move suddenly blue jay announced predictably word screamed crow sparkling treasures trash basket hundred yards heard enemy cry hopped wings harass pastime crow picking aluminum foil strings basket set persistent moved copse ivy jay dove snapped moving ears constantly expectation attracted commotion footsteps fell smelled wind carried stalking human scents printed mind understand animals
counselors waterfront jumped canoes rowboats started drowning boy counselor kicked moccasins dove began swimming applegate brickle raced dock climbed diving tower directed rescue operation shouting megaphone hang canoe applegate shouted don leave canoe applegate left canoe thrashing wasting strength felt sure soon bottom drown felt weak scared water lungs couldn longer boat dock rowed sam beaver sam pulling hard oars straining muscle things didn look applegate boats boy cry help heard camp louis coming corner main lodge spied applegate immediately responded call fly thought louis flight feathers falling lately certainly boats dropping slate chalk pencil trumpet louis splashed water struck beating wings kicking webbed feet swan summer fly scoot water high speed louis powerful wings beat air feet churned waves running top water
tabby knew father reserved cared close neighbors neighborly thought helped settler set claim wasn sure words building lean step hold proprietors sixty em hunt ma pay surveyor lines run pa explained corner brook pine grove east line meadow south pond level land fields west line mountain job plant corn start tomorrow morning pa slapped mosquitoes tired let bed morning bright early father took bag precious seed corn carried left pickaxe hidden lean previous fall dug holes forest floor big hill corn stump corn children knew meant corn planted stumps newly cleared field haven pull stumps job tend corn added
naturally landed front porch non talking cluster woman gave bell hard push stepped looked looked hear mentally ticking bad points didn tell answer rag doll boy didn look looked feet big grant interesting mom opened door confused baffled silent group soon surprise invited strangers course woman thank mike nodded kid mike twelve live gulch looking montgomery twelve mom called montgomery shows upset mom mike looked stared looked surprised aw call monty eve adams mom nice meet neighbor yah yah called daly stout woman tell austrian mom nodded smiling holding door open moved mrs daly stood arms folded stomach pleased look face
set explain mike wall business took wind sails found details dad decided corner posts feet high cleared head fine mike duck joists sawed nailed place felt firm bunch short boards sawed length took heck finished grabbed stack started ladder platform heard sounds pounding mike stood joist nailed boards place full wall ground climbed started process mike measured joist sawed proper place hauled rope carefully place turned start sawing wall boards heard mike muttering stopped looked standing looking joist scratching head joist high sure joist shorter hey shouted
half days louisiana belle crossed texas didn expected wasn west bank east bank tell camping night eating bacon beans drinking tea thought noise belle chewing texas grass later slept smile face covering thirty miles figured planned morning put beans soaked night fire cooked bacon noon fire cooked beans night ready eat sun spring wild onions plentiful prairie put beans cut raw maw taught seldom thought family big kane ahead hung sun prairie coming place going place covering piece ground rode towns beans bacon began choke maybe fried steak eggs inn talking person waited woman chewing food swallowing riding
getting dark cousin hurry innings don worry daylight coming allowed twelve hours daylight don save saved visit earth watch pulled pocket computer punched button sky brightened astonished amazed arrival morning prepared strange looking green skinned cousin knew part family moved hundred ago green skin converted sunlight energy plants producing part food fingers huge pushing lots buttons buttons want breakfast punch want computer food transferred stomach want learn division punch button method transferred brain felt relieved home suggested neighborhood baseball game punched computer boys instantly transported baseball field eyes widened size saucers looked baseball field professional selling popcorn hot dogs cheering crowds
boy don twin brother reputation dependable person count sandy say sure say think week teacher richards sick mrs engel principal asked students books house sandy volunteered home ma glad nice replied mrs engel told class count sandy door sandy grabbed arm hey ellie forgot baseball practice drop things richards house sure replied count sandy richards thanked bringing books asked tell sandy charge class show count sandy count sandy replied keeping thoughts evening dinner sandy walked glum expression face wrong asked hit home run window replied odd jobs school pay quit baseball team give swimming practice admit believed sandy true
ago louise loved eat trout fishing willow creek willows loved lazy speckled trout shadows beneath trailing branches didn want caught told happened trout lived believed willows louise didn began cast hundred casts caught hundred trout line exactly meant impressed fish lined caught willows began weep louise landed fish willows wept caught fish shed tears morning creek flooded louise reached pushed banks willows willows bawl hard minute creek big lake tears boiling hot fish started hollering heat louise decided move lake weeping willows tree tall top clear states canadian rockies chose place high mountains fine glacier cool water louise scrambled tall tree chopped top fell wanted lake hollowed trunk pipeline poured water fish
book returned library shelved returned correct place proper shelf nonfiction books arranged numerical order call numbers books fiction arranged alphabetical order authors names separate section library game played players player card book cards author cards title cards subject cards similar library card catalog game board sheet represents room library winner game player shelve books return space marked desk shelve nonfiction book player land space numbers include call number cards call number card player land space marked shelve book fiction player land space letters include letter author player card book fiction written mark davis player land space marked game begins players mark fiction card kinds cards separate begin game player places marker sheet space marked desk
fingerprints patterns ridges bulbs end joints thumbs fingers patterns remain person person fingerprints exactly fingerprints dependable means identification main fingerprint patterns arch loop arch pattern ridges cross bulb finger arching center loop pattern ridges begin end side bulb making hairpin turn pattern ridges spirals circles bulb person fingerprints type include type main fingerprint patterns divided permanent fingerprint record putting thin film printer ink bulb finger pressing finger sheet paper special system filing makes find person fingerprints quickly law enforcement officers fingerprints identify suspects criminal cases murder kidnapping robbery fingerprints help identify amnesia loss memory include applications armed forces government jobs citizenship looked east high rocky point thousands miles ocean direction lay europe low horizon faint line mainland lived
matthew sarah briggs hunched silently stairs lexington massachusetts farmhouse legs tired matthew started stir sarah shot hand stop worried matthew heard briggs deeply involved conversation friends april night briggs blacksmith house meeting place british spy think strange horses riders going smithy british spies minds sitting table kitchen night looks trouble soon reported thomas richardson briggs brother law thomas innkeeper telling latest news heard travelers reports british boats charles river redcoat scouts woods road heavens thomas voice wake children frighten mrs briggs loudly whispered mrs briggs listening tales coming revolution matthew sarah favorite pastimes spent months snooping meetings minutemen softer voice thomas richardson continued sam adams john hancock staying clark place news surely rider warn maybe paul revere sarah tapped matthew arm signaled follow
tried tell buzzing friend nice chat scratching bodies insect insects talk human beings variety ways talk producing sounds mouths faces hands arms communicate smile happy point finger show insects communicate buzzing noise bees wasps comes tiny air pipes parts bodies air rushing pipes makes vibrate producing noise hear cicada large fly insect talker insects drums stomach beats drums moving muscles stomach muscle movements drums tight loosen producing noise hear noisy talker kind grasshopper scrapes front wings legs playing violin making noise creaky door ears forelegs head insect knows tune tune played insects kind millions easy insects family find
peter remember heard mt vernon wanted george washington home peter seen dishes washington ate bed slept seen clothes washington wore fact seen tired sat rested cool grass soon boys sat hello peter hello answered boys smile peter pedro boy answered peter pedro pedro peter spanish peter surprised spanish boy turned boy pedro pierre pierre peter french peter pedro pierre peter softly aloud asked live france pierre answered pierre american live orleans louisiana live pedro asked peter los california american peter surprised thought spaniards lived spain french france peter surprised english lived united states america ago peter family country england home log cabin
snow melts green feel happy summer coming able outdoors sun thousands felt celebrated coming spring ways christians springtime easter easter religious holiday celebrating rebirth christ celebrating rebirth nature easter customs eggs stood country children paint easter eggs play hunt egg children busy think eggs stand meaning clear european customs games bohemia girls woods springtime bring tree decorated green red white ribbons carry colorful tree home sing spring comes visit eggs red yellow pancakes carrying summer village jewish springtime passover passover celebration jews escape slavery freedom freedom slavery passover celebration beginnings eat eggs special holiday meals eggs stand freedom spring love czechoslovakia norway girl give boy colored egg catch spank
important happens reporters photographers rush scene soon reading event seeing pictures newspapers movies theater television later books written things record event wish write history study records read newspapers magazines books look movies things tell important things happened lived learn lives newspapers magazines books photographs movies women called archaeologists detectives search clues tell lived past dig secrets past lie buried beneath earth surface archaeologists interested find excavate carefully record details discoveries analyzed experts pottery flints coins weapons jewelry help tell stories archaeologists learned deal studying ancient buildings studying temples learned religious beliefs discovering ancient tools learned kinds things looking pictures ancient drew archaeologists learned feelings traditions ways
called age technology complex machines part machines patterned human structures thing telephone pick telephone california dial number reach directly york amazing system phones connected wires lead trunk lines main cables exchange connection continues central control covering area finally number want telephone conversations wires connect places globe central control areas transmit receive thousands messages parts body sense organs receive messages environment send nerves brain suppose accidentally put finger hot iron heat iron stimulates sensory nerves end finger nerves send message hot series nerves arm shoulder spinal cord brain brain message sends series motor nerves finger muscles message says contract muscles finger getting burned muscles contract finger pulled iron luckily messages fast telephone messages finger pulled hot iron soon touches
tecumseh spurred horse saw fires powwow missed turn smoking pipe able speak words heart tecumseh leaped horse darted tepee receive pipe chief gray eagle tecumseh puffed times pipe passed chief screaming hawk looked indian chiefs represented tribe chief powwow search white land tecumseh plan popular plan indians hope stop newcomers taking indians land tecumseh turn speak hurled words thunderbolts spoke angrily chiefs sold land white asked allow destroyed making effort give homes country graves dead struggle sacred allow land cry white lands tecumseh shawnee unveiled plan unite indian tribes single nation travel lakes north gulf mexico south trying win tribes plan
ancient greece horseback carried messages scratched bronze tablets earliest postal services mail delivery rulers rich postal system public set italy horseback rode relays carry letters hundreds later pony express system america pony express cut half needed carry mail country service began rider changed horses miles rode distance miles rider took miles cross country mail took days deliver carried ponies fastest days hours carrying copies speech president abraham lincoln dreamed finding bottle shore opening reading message chances think bottle post mail service seas delivering amazing messages centuries winter young sailor sweden threw bottle ship mediterranean sea inside bottle note asking young woman write later factory worker found bottle beach sicily showed note daughter wrote
davie lad thinking uncle papers want pulled rusty key pocket handed key tower side house stairs bring small chest room top took key light sir lights house stairs banisters replied wall night moon hidden clouds black pitch felt wall tower door managed turn key unused lock entered tower dark inside breathe felt slowly soon bottom stone stairway remembering uncle word caution banisters hugged wall blindly upward stone stair wound round round inside tower presence disturbed bats home top climbed foul beasts flying downward beat face body suddenly thought uncle fool errand fall die
captain air force larry flying helicopter night ohio crew members suddenly saw strange red light distance coming direct collision course vehicles continued crash put helicopter steep dive red light feet crew saw gray cigar shaped ufo dome top red light front vehicles crash feet ufo suddenly changed direction close helicopter studying beamed bright green light cockpit sped captain noticed controls set dive helicopter feet helicopter soared feet controls changed feeling lifting reports ufo pilots easy understand spend skies reliable witnesses re seeing natural things meteors objects weather balloons ufo closer range land farm woman zealand milk cows early morning suddenly saw green lights clouds found farm bathed green light
rich king named midas palace room filled treasures midas happy riches wanted cared things wealth daughter marigold midas sat counting gold pieces stranger walked room let cried midas thank stranger ago kind tired door gave food shelter friend stranger kindness repaid wish midas ask wish true midas believe luck wish touch turn gold answered poor choice stranger wish palace servants called king dinner locked door treasure room suddenly key hand felt heavy turned gold sleeve gleamed yellow felt stiff touch wearing turned solid gold marigold waiting father dinner table father cried shiny robe dear solid gold king golden touch sat chair turned gold king broke piece bread turned gold
li ping pet cat vivian canton ohio vivian decided job orlando florida wasn happy meant leave li ping sister month later vivian settled florida wrote sister asking li ping felt parted pet longer mailing letter vivian visit friend walked steps friend porch moving street caught eye starved looking cat coming cat reminded li ping impossible thought li ping cat thousand miles knew thinking cat stopped stared ran straight picked looked carefully scrawny fur missing patches feet torn raw li ping maybe cat saw doubt face opened mouth faint squeak settled question vivian li ping vocal chords damaged kitten sound able faint squeak vivian put call sister ohio learned li ping missing weeks sister explained ran left town
mighty stroke ax tony beaver lay low tree forest blow giant tree snap match stick tony beaver happened hurry chop trees chop tree swing chop tree forward swing tony beaver lumber camp eel river don bother looking map west virginia eel river anymore happened weeks rain eel began rise banks town tony camp danger flooded townspeople rushed tony beaver help dam river don fast west virginia underwater won tony tame eel tony told shell west virginia peanut find ordered bring barrel molasses soon peanuts molasses began arrive tony put foot bank eel foot left bank pulled giant hickory tree began stir fast flowing water throw peanuts river shouted turned pour molasses drop soon eel river filled peanuts molasses
john thornton partners hans pete taking narrow boat bad stretch rapids forty mile creek hans pete stood bank guiding boat ropes tied john thornton stayed boat pushing pole dog buck ran alongside bank keeping eyes master suddenly boat moved ledge rock began fly downstream hans tried slow pulled rope quickly boat turned john thornton thrown carried worst part rapids partners realized fight strong current stretch wild water swimmer live john thornton gasping breath quickly buck seen happened master sprang rushing stream struggled reach thornton felt master grasp tail headed shore swimming strength current sucked downward john thornton knew reaching shore impossible let buck clung slippery rock roar water shouted buck buck hold swept downstream heard thornton command turned land reached bank hans pete dragged ashore
detective molly joyce barron joyce halloween party going waited molly start investigation told molly played halloween prank room dark lit candles pumpkin joyce picked charm bracelet fell dark hidden candles lit joyce lights turned asked molly window answered molly looked window coleus plants sat ledge turned jimmy fernandez room dark planning hide drapes scare joyce halloween parties close bracelet dropped picked accused joyce molly disagreed hides mean joyce pointed michael blair think hid trick sleeve michael play tricks mean molly maybe molly joyce molly laughed maybe mean definitely wasn holding pumpkin hid bracelet asked joyce throwing hands
kid knew clumsy ox real called turkey boy tripped feet classmates joke say turkey seventh grade broke laughing wouldn turkey wanted sports star thought funny coach garcia coach kind word turkey tripped football field slipped basketball court re getting say coach garcia told kids stop teasing turkey trying hard boy don mean turkey let cat bag told turkey coach turkey spent free gym hoping anytime gym turkey shooting baskets hitting punching bag real eager beaver grew inches clumsy real change kids stopped teasing eighth grade football captain let sit bench end season turkey stick guns game played minutes game
birthday mary cassatt told father wanted painter dead reply middle artist proper young woman consider career painter mary stubborn determined knew follow path mary struggled change father mind finally agreed study paris france age arrived paris set learning painter continued things art schools teach museums schools studied works painters met group artists painting ways tried art critics laughed bright colors dots light mary admired later exhibited paintings famous painter edgar degas special friend met mary degas saw paintings feels saw painter woman degas surprise slowly mary paintings known paris worked going easel early morning painting darkness fell began paint pictures famous pictures children mothers caring children
sunday evening october days tv millions home listening radio mercury theater air begin show night based book war worlds book wells science fiction tells martians invade earth destroy mercury theater headed orson welles wanted show sound real minute decided present war worlds news broadcast show began dance music weather reports soon music stopped special news bulletins bulletin reported series explosions planet mars meteor landed princeton jersey killing persons moments later correction wasn meteor huge metal object filled martians announcer armed death rays kill earth dropping dead killed instantly deadly martian rays newark york city reported flooded poison gas minutes panic heard start program radio play based war worlds reason listening charlie mccarthy show dull spot show began turning radio dials heard special news bulletins thought real
looked ordinary tramp kind wandered small towns depression body lean needed shave didn stoop pride stood straight firmly looking employment chop wood mend fence fix chicken pen ask grandmother looked minute thing ask join supper face lit re sure spare ma wash minute left kitchen asked grandmother invited inside eat don tramps eat stoop ordinary tramp grandmother didn ask questions hands face washed clean hair brushed saw young grandma fed night ate biscuits beans ham leftover apple pie dessert dinner sat forward chair ma want repay grandma poured cup coffee answered lean rest tell frown crossed face tramp nameless homeless find job
horses plodded turning heavy grindstone grind wheat flour bones ache legs feel shorter left charlie moaned look pal homer going grain mill bad tired listening quiet feeding lots horses worse yeah charlie bellowed suddenly large cloud drifted overhead homer look sky called charlie think re going rescued rain sort look rain mumbled homer help pull worn nerves slowing rain began fall mill owner unhitched horses harness turning bar led animals barn fed hay raindrops patter horses drowsy fell fast asleep morning nearby settlements drove mill wagons loaded sacks grain homer charlie harnessed miller took homer picked younger horse named duke replace charlie charlie looked hurt confused homer felt sorry partner horse frisky fought harness didn plod smoothly circle charlie homer duke didn grain ground flour night charlie quiet
ago high mountains faraway land dolphin lived pool castle garden dolphin saved king drowning prince kingdom claimed dolphin spell wicked witch wizards magicians sorcerers traveled castle kingdom tried break witch spell failed woman castle help dolphin prince wore rags castle guards told dolphin ordinary woman told guards castle gates tell dolphin prince release woman woman decided plan brought bag fish dolphin fell asleep tree woman grabbed bag dumped fish slipped inside finally reached castle pool opened bag shocked find woman screamed castle running soon nobles servants guards standing pool speak woman noticed regal expression dolphin face called dolphin
joe noticed boys strut ice cream shop joe needed pay waiter ice cream shop didn need trouble guys worst show school wise guys sat proudly tables shop joe walked joe asked politely nick bigger boys looked joe slowly taking purposely saw customers enter shop gee mind zack nick buddy zack shook head guess need decide minutes kid joe smiled feel blood start boil joe began wait customers nick voice rang loud clear hey kid don glass water joe quickly filled water glasses carried table noticed boss ford watching scene joe counter zack began shout wow crummy service place soda jerk counter hey kid give menu order waitin boys aware looking nick joined
animals friends students times children lived worked studied closely dr lorenz sits tea joined father medical doctor mother wife child twelve associates research large goose gray goslings black ravens large red dog small tame rat baby ducks yes say dr lorenz baby ducks soon garden wishing tea white biting buttons drying clothes dr lorenz animal friends raises kinds geese ducks thirty kinds semitropical fish weasels white rats flying foxes songbirds jackdaws hawks scientist naturalist takes quacks calls friends seriously talks language call highest tree speak raven deep forest quack mother duck fact close animals newborn baby goslings ducklings treat mother mother duck dr lorenz found secrets animals learn
suppose ran lumberyard seaport lumber measured board feet board foot foot foot wide inch thick re dealing lumber looks pretty easy buy hickory logs logger south carolina start figure board feet re baffled logs round learn system finding number board feet shipment round logs arrange logs brought port rail discover logs figured board feet hundredweight pay freight hundred pounds going ship logs abroad pay ocean freight pay ton suppose logs landed le havre france pay dock rent weight board feet area space logs wharf frenchman ordered logs comes measure country metric system care thing board feet figures amount wood cubic meters finally paid dollars paid coin country logs shipped
senior college margaret took course franz boas famous anthropologist subject excited soon knew found path science anthropology immense field studies place nature interested beginnings growth differences similarities dawn history moment subdivisions student anthropology choose follow excavate remains past civilizations study varying physical characteristics races mankind anthropologists trace spread customs religions face earth define hundreds languages learn tongues differ related areas margaret mead especially interested cultural anthropology culture includes music art ways living anthropologist trained observe details pattern notes marriage arranged committee organized funeral conducted sees cook food children receive larger portions learns serve food mushy chewy feast turn backs eat looking patterns belief lie behave cover expenses field trip samoa margaret secured grant money scientific organization
cancer heart attacks don claim lives don worry bad teeth stomach aches jittery nerves surprising grow slowly women look play games soccer think full live reach small land high mountains today part country pakistan dangerous part high mountains mountains pass maybe reason speak language don look live side mountains wonderful health lives scientists visited begin answer questions reasons lead simple lives point view worries hours caring small farms awake early bed sundown money worries unknown seldom money don worry crime criminals jobs problem rich soil worries retirement retire
shirley clay smiles friends talk santa claus shirley suddenly stopped believing santa simply shirley remember family celebrated clays black americans black celebration lasts days december january honors blacks past africa celebrates future hope america clays think christmas fine find meaningful girl christmas bothered shirley mother explains santa white blacks north pole laughs adds santa black going find snow africa land sleigh look symbols christmas mrs clay continues things evergreen trees holly ivy re europe africa tree clay living room important thing holder candles holder reminds blacks beginnings africa candles stand ideas beliefs faith learning idea remembered days evening clay children light candle child says belief symbols african celebration crops harvest season
johnny cash sings listen big deep voice rumbles radios north america records sell million country music fans big hits love songs hey porter ring fire folsom prison blues johnny cash sings hundred concerts hear rugged big shouldered singer stands black boots hundred pound package muscle talent scar cheek bullet hole course minds johnny cash tough guy drug addict stretch jail grandmother indian starving live wild rabbits killed forty feet knife say killed fact johnny cash story story true ago drug habit short popped pills heroin hard drugs wild locked hours served jail sentence indian blood veins killer song bullet hole scar left doctor opened cyst johnny cash say gentle guy generous guy tough guy
detective inspector scott finished examination room blood windowsill pool blood floor body scott watched doctor covered dead woman loose sheet dead arrived doctor told inspector scott bullet shoulder bullet entered passed heart ribs worst place scott turned person room colonel dead woman husband short round pink face close cut gray hair sat sadly bed shaking head scott ready hear statement began times evening wife frightened noises house asked look found couldn wind weather cold calm concerned afraid thought trying frighten ahead bed midnight continued later awakened scraping sound low voice seconds eyes darkness standing window reached gun wait minute scott broke
answer letter opposite page tell beg stop try laugh troubles woman fight nasty lies effect answers answer bring peace pain ann landers answering letters part replies letters appearing newspapers million read ann landers local newspaper millions turn column looking news front page makes ann landers popular thing reads ann landers reminded problems makes readers feel knows write short snappy sentences clever turns pop sudden truths biggest reason ann landers success offers advice regular readers person high principles believes marriage healthful habits clear conscience things trial marriages experimenting drugs ann landers solid advice comes solid background parents rebecca abraham friedman left russia look united states found sioux city iowa worked hard
ago greeks called prophets later called saints nuns preachers today call praying mantises mantis thought pray strange looking insect thinks prey eats insects eat spiders butterflies bugs kinds gobble big hairy bumblebees eat caterpillars known attack small mice praying mantis destroys harmful pests truly friend look praying mantises late summer early fall re inches try looking vegetable flower gardens bushes low trees course look hard mantis green brown body makes look leaves stems thin legs set sharp angles body look twigs find nearly head raised front legs held front face look exactly praying watch wait notice mantis turns head slowly side side insect turn head human things look hands arms deadly weapons needle sharp teeth hold hard shelled beetle mantis front legs reach speed grab moves mantis lifts prey mouth calmly begins dinner
animals travelers especially camels soon train moves says circus animal doctor camels lie trip circus animals fed travel don exercise circus town lions tigers eat meat train eat milk egg yolks elephant eats pounds kilograms hay eat train rails horses munch hay grain animals diets circus try train real home children circus performers school lessons train generators machines electricity watch television train parked train goes fancy plain stars circus train fancy animal trainer shares half car family living room bedroom kitchen bathroom yellow curtains windows rest circus live simply car single working women women clowns circus live car dancers car sinks toilets clothes dryer woman small room bed dancer cooks electric hot plate sit bed cook says easy terrific chicken single working live special sleeping car
communicate words gesture eyebrows hand change positions chair don think body movements mean researchers found bodies language words study body language called hard pin gesture language means student talking teacher look teacher eyes mean lot things mean student likes teacher student trying show important teacher parts body language eyes country fact eyebrows move ways eyebrows women north americans careful look eyes north americans talk eye contact lasts look stare eyes mean strong feelings north americans stare parts eye contact means israel stare mean special parts east polite look re talking
soon discovered neighbors trouble police gangs tough teenagers fought group called young kings group called angels younger boys girls groups played front steps smallest boy louis asked hey lady moved street answer easy husband wanted live house wanted live city house city answer house beautiful fireplaces wood floors explained things louis nodded big brother charlie calls crazies spring heated summer agreed charlie night gangs fought boy found dead stayed save money ate hot dogs pay house worker built flower boxes front windows gang members thought boxes garbage cans friday morning gardener truck drove house bright flowers ivy planted boxes bill live real house home evening flowers crushed petals lay boxes warning re wanted
hot sticky sunday june philadelphia city fair honor america birthday large building group sweating judges studying display stood thin young coal black hair weary judges examined invention kind machine send speech round iron box received voice hall strange looking device connected electric wire young talked device front words floated iron box talks cried judge judges gave young top prize machine telephone introduced greatest inventors alexander graham bell bell born march edinburgh scotland family moved canada settling ontario bell later moved boston massachusetts taught interest sending messages wire bell simple idea thought sound waves changed electrical vibrations end wire vibrations turn sounds night bell worked idea proved costly soon bell badly need money help thomas sanders lived boston
racer shirley cha cha muldowney drag racing licensed woman top fuel driver pale thin waits beginning race cha cha stab triumph racing making point close breaking national drag racing record record set seconds shirley seconds drag racer cost lot wasn allowed enter national hot rod association nhra races woman face bears scars fire car worries problem money car cost drives distances racetrack racetrack cha cha money spent hotels sandwiches feeding car expensive race spent part engine racing fuel costs gallon liters prize money makes cover costs money effort seconds cha cha exciting race win enjoys fact licensed woman drag racer worked gotten feel starting line tears eyes realize half women stands wish
cooked frozen french fried potatoes island factory burnt ends soft sweet ready potatoes saved millions hours kitchen built fortunes businesses french fries frozen foods today kinds frozen potatoes stores cottage fries creamed roasted baked food companies nearly billion pounds billion kilograms potatoes frozen potatoes vitamin fresh potatoes sales prove don think difference worth washing peeling trimming largest potato businesses presque isle maine plant began running biggest climate controlled potato storehouses built holds million pounds million kilograms potatoes building barn size bins temperature amount water air recorded bins machines heat cool air potatoes stored cooler air freeze potatoes warmer air allow spoiling building hear water rushing streams potatoes race plant french fry lines feet meters cost potatoes drop belts steel tank liquid makes skins soft showers wash skins potatoes roll trimming room workers weed potatoes badly shaped small
room divided large glass window sliding glass door jammed inside keyboards screens computerized language machine timothy gill study lana machine set language words words signs circle square wavy line signs joined word colored backgrounds kinds words red food drink violet blue action words classes follow sense machine set february lana brought home tim showed keyboard saw buttons lit pushed quickly learned sign happen punching favorite candy drop bowl water brought drink machine changed lana punch dot request told machine lana ask dot showed lana finished asking words added build sentences soon lana wanted candy punch machine give machine set show words left screens keyboard
kinds bamboo grow inches centimeters tall tower feet meters high sky measure barely tenth inch millimeters grow inches centimeters wide bamboo grows warm hot places hardy stand frost snow kind grows northern japan lives icy winds blowing siberia bamboo easy transplant kind brought hawaii china spread fast dangerous weed breaks walls houses spears highways cracks airport runways bamboo strong reasons lies underground roots form thick network connecting stem shoot grove water corner bamboo grove root network share water grove study plants class bamboo grass tree reason trunk hollow stem reason strange root network stops growing spread end bamboo flowers dies knows bamboo flower flowers leaves fall leaves formed place young leaves left plant alive knows makes suddenly blossom expect
crowd gasped gathered ageless count personal appearance london count played actor christopher lee count dracula appeared spooky star book called dracula count center theater film book industry dracula called greatest horror story published dozens editions story read languages play seen millions actor bela played part america stage film movie england christopher lee played toothy role setting dracula transylvania part romania eastern europe romanians believed real dracula called dracula mean son devil prince lived transylvania ago according romanian history killed fictional dracula created short abraham flame bearded irishman born dublin served irish civil service court clerk later general manager london theatrical company found lawyer writer turned books stories famous book tale count based folklore heard
goes thousands archeologists study ancient found cave painting africa shows forked stick hand idea magic wand begun stick forked stick traditional tool tools ages whalebone pliers blades grass bare hands today plastic metal fiberglass rods stick user stick moves rod forked stick finding water wells companies hire find buried telephone lines water pipes electrical lines russians find metal oil streams beneath ground explained scientists found feel small earth magnetic field think body acts sends messages brain brain hands move forked stick scientist thinks don power brains says says reason found happen asked find water property miles kilometers simply looking drawing land
bought ten speed bicycle bicycle boom began million bought bicycles today million american bikers part biking sport swimming bike reasons bicycles cheap cost healthful pollute air americans bike bicycles machines grace poetry wheel rider wind sun pedaling hard hear gentle whine spokes family camped night climbs past lean smiling parents tell mountain molehill family cycling week tent night cook breakfast lunch stop dinners inns including dinners spend ten trip moving slowly chance study flowers pass daisies blue forget white sweet clover roses plants love roadside plants animals bluejay pass toads hatch pools ditches drawn roadside bugs warm bugs end main course toad dinner mountain steeper shift lower gear feel ease pedaling position
boat took rollers easily returning hour late afternoon fishing georgia coast days boat dana lover things chosen stay home feed baby raccoon acquired decided land wife children beach walk home sailed boat drifted beach noticed pelican sand water edge huddled move fly thought arrived home putting boat foot front steps head drooping wings half spread pelican family dana kneeling close blond hair falling face sunburned arms protectively bird neck looked gray eyes misty daddy wrong walk shivering looked bird hooked bill thought wonderful creature odd looking moment flashing beauty dive fishing pelican folds wings slices water spear grace power feeling bird moments ran hand smooth throat feathers feel stuck throat
machinery alive shadowy room called lies sleeping beauty hair spills white lace pillow breathing look daddy alive cries red haired girl mother brought told watch sleeping beauty breathe answers father thought real workshop interesting exhibit halls workshop famous brought sculptors hairdressers workers fashion repair figures figure costs museum takes months complete subject comes studios sculptors measurements match hair eyes snap reference photographs personal interview impossible sculptor works photographs liza met museum staff figure study supplied false eyelashes sculptor shapes head clay plaster mold head hot colored wax poured mold wax hard plaster removed perfect copy original left ready coloring eyes hair eyes hand blown glass hair put worker gently warms wax head soft human hairs pressed warm wax needlelike tool limbs fiberglass hands wax
side connecting passageway sofa beds cabin wide window opened passengers comfort passengers passed ocean ships keeping notebooks playing cards reading books ship flew low feet meters passengers watch land pictures monday august lz passed lonely siberia mighty lena river seventy hours lift zeppelin sailed sea north japan early evening landing tokyo august giant airship lifted america san francisco august pacific ocean spanned air lz sailed east united states landed jersey passengers crew parade york city september takeoff final leg home azores cape finisterre bordeaux beautiful sunrise alps earth circled days hours minutes days hours minutes spent air lz sailed arctic egypt graf flew regularly germany brazil carried flights ocean crossings accident
moore wants sculptures huge says big size matter proportion criticized giving figures tiny heads says reason small head makes body look bulky themes moore earth typical moore sculpture represents family familiar shape female figure lying big protective moore successful hard father coal miner family poor moore born town castleford england seventh children moore saw things differently saw beauty mines thought ugly giant slag heaps changed colors forms depending looked father wanted moore teacher moore attended art school london needed money took teaching job london royal college art married later daughter public slow understand moore genius sculptures called monstrous let bother rugged works struck powerful energy sculptures walk glance hump leg separate pieces merge single body things happen moore sculptures feel moore wants pass excitement looking things
eddie scholar wife died ago lives children poverty woods shack library held lifetime collection thousands books read night turned son farmer educated visited asked reading reading space astronauts write pretty frequently write admire courage amateur taught astronomer sat rooftops barns nights family kid asked family farmers family baby walk school miles wanted read learn learn reading re living piney woods replied happy loves love read quiet country place find quietness read study research think children lot tell truth living children want set examples don think lost gaining knowledge
incas understanding conservation limited hunting vicuna held mountain district times allowed hunt animals put death formed circle square miles square kilometers drove kinds animals fenced area vicuna killed flavorful meat sheared wool let explorer francisco pizarro spain bolivia peru quilts robes vicuna treasures spain vicuna numbered million hunters brought close extinction fewer alive recently conservationists led drive save animal nearly major country passed laws forbidding sale vicuna goods peru set acre hectare reserve vicuna growing number hunting allowed area sure breaks law number animals jumped reserve rough half ride wheel drive truck lima animals natural homeland hoped learn reserve headquarters built rushing stream high plain
number things damage art smog eats stone metal insects chew wood moisture wood canvas swell shrink finally rot art show painting flown england rome flight canvas shrank paint lost grip began peeling box opened rome half bare painting pile tiny colored flakes doctor remembers painting rushed looked hopeless give case months slow careful piece paint puzzled glued canvas job damage seen painting arrives art hospital goes laboratory scientific infrared ultraviolet photographs photographs thin top coats paint find painting touched painted past newer coats paint stand dark spots older coats paint picture beneath showing surface painting finally rayed paintings wood carried box car sized room door sealed shut hours deadly gas seeps cracks wood kill hidden bugs eggs
hours farmhouse farmhouse soldier answered call strain riding finally took toll rest tied chestnut tree stretched top large flat boulder closed eyes soldier alert rest minutes dozed fell deep sleep sibyl heard rumble horses voices awoke surrounded enemy soldiers commanding officer told rock moved slowly poked end gun stood british captain angry caught wish explain asked thinking fast challenged identify captain shocked boldness dare question shouted prisoner war madam sibyl swallowed hard continued plan mission importance impatiently captain bellowed help general william thousand british troops landed headed danbury ambushed american rebels fairfield hoped mixed fact fiction story mislead wanted send wrong direction captain confused girl important information british side asked
soon enormous success making cartoon feature presidents wrote colleges honored highly paid lecturers riddles puzzles introduced feature believe find hard believe facts history history correctly pointed star spangled banner officially declared united states national anthem week million written congress soon congress passed bill declared song national anthem makes believe huge success norbert answer digging unusual facts says believe satisfies human need usual offers fairy tale astonishing perfectly true believe shows boring joined soon feature began needed assistant especially read foreign languages norbert knew languages soon divided norbert find unusual facts illustrations died working spends lot huge public library selects ten books random scans
jean eugene robert born france son clockmaker helped father shop developed love mechanical things jean eugene bookshop evening buy book mistake book magic night jean eugene read book week mastered trick soon joined amateur theater group performed front small audiences began career usual stage props magicians scenery simple wore ordinary clothes relied skill dazzle audience robert magician greatest inventor machines magic tricks today magic tricks help machines famous tricks called fantastic orange tree magician borrowed handkerchief audience rolled handkerchief ball disappear orange turned orange powder dropped powder jar alcohol mixture called magic potion jar magic potion small orange tree lit liquid flames licked leaves magician say spring instantly orange tree burst blossoms moment later say summer
national collection fine arts american works art national zoological park nearly animals smithsonian group museums important research center arranged trips parts collect information smithsonian scientists researchers staff large university idea smithsonian began ago james smithson born france school england smithson children death wanted money united states smithson wrote money found washington smithsonian institution establishment increase knowledge james smithson chose united states knows died congress bags gold coins institution officially begun minds worked institution john henry original research led telegraph telephone electric motor smithsonian scientists telegraph set nationwide network weather reporting stations projects begun smithsonian national marine fisheries service geological survey national ocean survey later smithsonian responsible research rocket expert robert goddard early resulted landing moon today smithsonian sending scientists study tigers africa scientists chasing meteorites stones outer space land earth
dawn baboons saw leader waiting calm strong expression face sight gave confidence hard try look job leader hard hold sharp eye baboons jealously glance treetop waiting leader throw challenger leader dropped ground began creep forward tribe baboon taking usual place battle lines walked hours leader eye ahead looking leopard eye ground front watching snakes afraid snakes rattler nearly killed young eyes darted nervously baboons walking tell afraid stayed baboons knew safe leopard began relax play explore stole nest eggs bush path caught mouse turned stones scooped beetles young baboons scampered wrestled leader remained quiet carefully looking leopards snakes noontime saw deer nearby deer friends warned baboons leopards young baboon ran vines bushes play deer
ago george sand known george wrote stories popular george sand wrote books selling authors george friends artists authors george sand real born raised france father died young learned early independent spirit independence stayed marked women women expected obey fathers husbands law gave husband complete control wife property dared speak free sure allow controlled person set child loved reading soon turned writing sold indiana book printed george sand began lifelong career author free spirit poor written book george began accumulate wealth fame worked hard strict schedule writing words daily george complete month
today later flight center mystery chills magazines books newspapers radio talk shows tv specials noted disappearance ships planes southwestern part north atlantic begun calling area bermuda triangle points triangle bermuda puerto rico spot gulf mexico west florida faced water tiny islands bright beaches beautiful waters thick hazes powerful currents sudden storms lurk smiling surface smile turn snarl ships planes lost met misfortune december january christmas winds blow triangle december exactly flight disappeared pleasure ship city belle found south bahamas deserted crew january triangle swallowed yacht owner crew going key west miami traces pieces lifeboat toilet seat puzzling case happened december owner foot witchcraft set miami view city christmas lights hours later owner radioed miami coast guard assistance
beginning story wrote feel tell story lives telling mine wanted sure history remember sculpture answer sculptures cherished big chance august rode summer castle grand duke de medici true lover art medici family wealth power saw standing saving florence bad government medici cleverly arts express idea grand duke thoughts perseus gallant character greek mythology perseus impossible medusa writhing snakes hair terrible looking turned stone clever medici brave perseus tricked medusa battled perseus simply looked medusa reflection polished shield mirror grand duke wanted statue perseus stand center florence symbol medici cleverness idea making statue perseus suited perfectly keeping alive history weeks returned grand duke small wax model showing perseus victory holding medusa head high foot planted medusa headless body grand duke delighted told full size statue
parts united states blacks ride backs buses sit theater balconies barred restaurants separating blacks called segregation segregation tennis tournaments climate woman black woman dared meant break color barrier tennis prepared althea gibson super athlete york city champion tennis player althea strength reflexes athlete born dream athlete dream true fight failure disappointment poverty segregation beginning sports easily basketball baseball handball excelled paddle tennis age althea york paddle tennis player began notice graduation junior high school began devoting free tennis free gibson family poor althea wanted help worked factory department store ran elevator hotel job cleaning chickens butcher shop free follow dream began taking tennis lessons fred johnson armed tennis professional worked hard game improved steadily soon began succeed
doctor told turner found lump wanted series ray tests turner stay hospital days examination turner agreed doctor arrangements hospital turner leave thing doctor color skin turner looked blank color color wrong color skin dr paused amazed mistake turner reaction didn color didn interesting meant change color happened slowly maybe turner noticed dr explained unusual skin turner looked hands didn unusual skin looked doctor decided argue turner arrived hospital late afternoon usual tests results normal turner temperature normal pulse rate breathing rate blood pressure dr scheduled ray examinations dr relieved rays pain stomach lump cyst pancreas tumor doctor explained turner cyst sac filled liquid disappear quickly doctor decided operate
thousands hunting main occupation humanity played important role ice age climate warmer forests grew open plains herds reindeer musk ox bison north deer stag bear replaced animals easier hunters track animals smaller supply food growing human population reason invention farming human race increasing numbers scientists estimate ago total population numbered twenty million thousand ago reached million mark today billion living planet stone age lived log houses lived single roof nearby soil exhausted villagers simply moved farther build village ancient skeletons found burial ground told scientists teeth scientists figured owners heights skeletons showed scientists dead reached age scientists found bodies buried nearly north south line shows ago ancestors knew points compass ancestors gave religious meaning north south line objects buried dead show ancestors begun think death
sentry royal visit nearly died fright account duty tower heard called turned floating midair face red bloated loose dribbling mouth heavy lidded eyes seen history books king henry viii scared stop running till guards beginning ask matter suddenly broke face thing hushed told breathe word tower haunted living tower today hauntings matter course guard carry dog lawn south white tower dog obedient brave lawn wouldn move flat stomach bared teeth growled part tower small rifle range eleven german spies shot war war ii dog irish setter happy rest grounds called dragged past rifle range soldier quartered small bedroom tower found floor morning fallen bed reported incidents told thing happened guards lived room
model cooling system based law warm water rises cool water sinks fast model ts didn run fast model sprung radiator leak remedy handful corn meal hot water cooked meal mush plugged leak bag meal standard equipment tool kit bought open chevrolet looked black bathtub wheels noble car full innovations living los mother coming visit meet station washed car noticed radiator leaking corn meal kitchen oatmeal gooey put cup radiator chevrolet water pump circulate water faster forgotten trip station cooked oatmeal mother arrived wearing hat flowers sat proudly front seat started home suddenly explosion wall oatmeal rose air cleared windshield splashed mother hat ran face didn stop los traffic exploding oatmeal short bursts arrived home practically flames water system clogged limping car gave clouds smoke smelled burned oatmeal
american red fox hunted trapped chased smarter today foxes smarter grandparents knew trying outwit creature forced fox smartest animal countryside foxhounds dogs especially trained hunt foxes early hunters brought foxhounds england soon learned english foxhounds match american fox smaller agile english fox hunters began breed lighter boned hounds chase red fox vigor voice match hounds match fox wants swing slender dense fur built race horse individual foxes known run pack hounds days wearing pads dogs feet leaving bodies gaunt dogs drowned chase crafty lighter fox thin ice chases bother fox health snack berries mice spurt ahead doze bush hounds catch american farmer warred species foxes number acres compared acres hundred ago farmers clear land invites foxes farmers helped plows digging dens march young foxes claw harder loose gravel
known joke collector america jokes cartoons comics humorous items files sale collection sold possibility leopold clipping categorizing filing indexing jokes hours able relax hand possibility won sunday anyway cut funny papers file conducted windowless room rear photography store queens york let give general idea room biggest collection jokes country moment million million jokes added collection jokes asked hear diner subway tv collection write tell say send buy tell find joke local paper send pointed rows black binders jokes collected black binders
wall paintings egyptian tombs foot meter oars paddle end size writing desk oars joined single person move side side turning oars steering today cheered pushed port ra slowly swung wind breeze blew waves grew higher ra simply lifted side let waves roll underneath wave smashed oar blades shafts bent held firmly bridge turned watch crawled cabin earned rest voices cried thor thor sprang hurried stern find rudder oars snapped blades tied rope blade safe hurried pull georges carlo left empty shafts sticking water flat surface help hold course sudden rainstorm hit cracked middle able repair oars days fine weather sixth seventh days full storm blew snapped rudder shafts
music roberta born black mountain small town north carolina family moved arlington virginia father worked draftsman mother cook important event childhood discovery music father found piano junkyard fixed roberta began play ear age taking formal lessons hard family roberta sums childhood parents gave spoiled knew poor means compare sure hard times didn lived room cellar felt underprivileged music played piano hours end didn play hopscotch jump rope preferred play piano fulfilled child music roberta won scholarship howard university took piano voice music education courses graduation taught junior high school washington spare played organ church directed local choir began playing night local restaurant singing nights week small club washington reputation began grow
age cyrus field retired paper business rich thought spend rest gentleman leisure boredom soon searching things brother matthew frank gisborne engineers soon interested plan wanted lay cable connect island newfoundland telegraph system american mainland field interested studied idea large globe suddenly struck remarkable fact newfoundland nearly miles kilometers closer london york flick hand field globe whirling going asked stop newfoundland connect europe america telegraph plan cable laid connect island newfoundland mainland north america cable laid newfoundland ireland connect north america europe asked experts including samuel morse inventor telegraph answered maybe decided field quickly raised money founded company early company issued million worth stock declared business firm trouble cable run rugged mountains chilly swamps newfoundland turned difficult expected field later recalled thought build line months
signpost battered finger pointed sea accusing disagreeable youth breathing heavily effort walking rough ground stared silence say asked length youth squinted sturdy humorous eyes crinkled sun sea mile pa left saint saint knows weather trudged cold november sunshine village lost lay crook narrow bay quiet huddle stone cottages church standing offense account forgotten saint job shrugged shoulders explained son fishermen north fish shifted waters traveled overland hope finding livelihood south landlord listened interest declared fish plentiful bay widow knew owned craft willing rent sell price proved don listen friends warned constable grimly starve spot sea nighttime hear sea beating shore cursing eternity
trying figure meaning word context helps think clues need background experience apply common sense clues details think clues misleading test idea unfamiliar word means reading material substitute word idea mind idea makes sense context correct decorate surprise party hung crepe paper streamers ceiling light curtain rods door lintel higher pieces furniture lintel mean doorknob top door frame bottom side door frame try visualize situation study possibilities check box streamers likely attached common sense decided persons wrong abject looked small clue forgot situation common sense decided top door frame practical place attach streamer attached places common sense similar ways look context clues help meaning unfamiliar word
beautiful trees important part ecosphere thin fragile surface sea land atmosphere makes earth planets land destroyed rivers humus soil destroyed water longer held storage flash floods occur soil erosion results green forests bleak deserts trees improve atmosphere addition absorbing excessive water roots produce oxygen process called tree destroyed replace bodily vigor vigor intellect character true course genius lines brave manly fellow genius sports vast physical strength overcome weakness puny body heart lion run battle brilliancy intellect perfection bodily development count weighed balance assemblage virtues active passive moral qualities group character contestants college sport college difference character side difference intellect strength character side win sun natural source heat natural source light
goldenrod grows florida yukon hardy immune diseases insects proved flourishes weed grows rapidly wild speeded cultivation fact found doubled height average height goldenrod forty inches grown eighty inches high experimental plantation fort myers florida set close crowd weeds shading ground set thick grow tall plenty leaves leaves rubber stalks stalks making paper grow hundred sixty thousand stalks acre average percentage rubber leaves tenths highest obtained forty hundredths percent common sense art practical living literature obtain inspiration hours despondency danger sir ernest shackleton caught ice attempt reach south pole appeared small chance escape chance depended entirely able walk miles gallant leader addressed told throw unnecessary weight battle threw extra clothing cold terrible actually threw food hungry
bill passed house representatives senate law presented president united states approved signed returned objections stated house originated enter objections large journal proceed reconsider thirds house agree pass bill objections house likewise reconsidered approved thirds house law cases votes houses determined yeas nays names persons voting bill entered journal house bill returned president ten days sundays excepted presented law manner signed congress adjournment prevent return case law large area sacramento valley california ducks swarm tens thousands destructive poaching actively carried sneak ponds dead night turn loose entire contents automatic shotguns normal capacity increased tube soldered end magazine
editor farm paper conceived plan selecting farmers honor recognition justly entitled selected known master farmers chosen congressional district states awards plan honors successful nation fundamental occupation serves guide inspiration young farming master farmers selected careful analysis activities score card serves basis analysis recognizes farming mode means making living successful person makes money meet needs dependents contributes happiness community lives ability think plan deal wisely money hard love open country regarded important place miss wilkins lived fading yankee village symbol hundreds appeared stories houses mortgaged painted shingles falling scales doors windows awry doorsteps sunk grasses houses settling graves houses breathed icy wind loneliness clock dead tick longer
actors stage audience living sympathetic sounding board making acting comedy easier laughter deepening tragedy tenseness inhuman glare film studios audience consists busy technicians fragments scenes repeated actor imagination fails film directors dozen tricks coax laughter sorrow ring true form expression popular seventies type discussion group rap session known encounter encounter sessions group try express innermost feelings break reserve strip masks build lay person soul bare intention person try build personality starting positive attributes person type therapy drug addicts forced facing truth found addict stripped adjusted depend drugs crutch unfortunately type encounter dangerous attempted understanding defenses put defenses everyday functioning normal human beings
shallow test holds original poet goes directly derivative poet literature look matter find poet derivative poet mistakes literature reason mistake read ordinary ordinary cultivated mush literature sense educated person literature literature vicious sense phrases true correctness language keeping moral law laws dressing behaving properly violations usage language violations social usages main offenses custom taste degrees course linguistic errors analogous attending evening party coat collar wearing gaudy waistcoat words expressions perfectly fit occasion purpose bad taste important critic possess correct abstract definition beauty intellect kind temperament power deeply moved presence beautiful objects remembered beauty exists forms periods types schools taste equal ages excellent workmen excellent
indian child living adobe house adobe word bricks ago indians adobe hand earth dried adobe sun indian girl house sits top adobe houses girl climbs house ladders indian girl lives pueblo pueblo apartment house child lives big city lives tall building building bricks bricks hand bricks baked brought city child home top homes walks stone steps house lives apartment house ladders stone steps house air goes thousands miles higher air thinner air hard breathe high mountains dizzy breathing thin air makes dizzy airplanes fly feet sea air thin pilots dizzy breathe oxygen tank south america indians live mountains homes feet sea air thin indians breathing oxygen tank dizzy lived mountains lives
seen horse toes millions ago horses toes toes front foot toes foot horses bigger cats small horses lived forest toes helped horses run soft wet ground hot forest weather changed cold trees live cold weather trees died fell open fields took place forests sun ground dry hard horses began change began bigger took dry hard land horses needed middle toes running middle toes hard horses hard toe foot call hard toe hoof bird took nectar flower sweet liquid food bird bill nectar deep flower bird hummingbird hummingbirds smallest birds hummingbird nest nest looked small cup soon white eggs nest eggs bigger peas birds eggs hungry parent birds brought nectar put bills necks babies feed nectar baby birds stayed nest weeks
let trade piece cake apple book game toy boat car ago wanted trading farmed land tools tools traded food kinds trading took place meat trade corn trade animal skins tools person trade place sleep things traded wanted pretty things farmer trade milk piece beautiful cloth today trade buy candy pay bear fat course money trading giving thing wear leaves grass wear animal skin ago wear find cloth wear coal milk grain sure ways found things clothes milk coal grain put things cooked heat turns things liquid liquid runs holes threads threads fine strong cloth threads today cloth glass glass shaped marbles hot machine
teen age baby sitters community rating system parents worked put preferred list homes provided minimum essentials important business respecting baby sitter felt home television set record player recent magazines course refrigerator stocked snacks worthy extra points rating scale parent fed bathed put child bed preferably junior asleep baby sitter yes foreign sports car transportation added points recently group parents dissatisfied baby sitting service community decided rating system baby sitters agreed pay higher wage baby sitter merit rating superior parents wished baby sitter arrive early spend junior left extra points awarded sitter put junior bed read tell story high rating scale sitter stayed awake checked occasionally child person attend junior usual needs warranted superior rating hand sitter slept considered special points sitter telephone etiquette low scale person visited telephone failed list accurately number called
return nautilus began captain nemo head band directed hesitation plain sand lay stretched rose feet surface water hours sandy plains fields algae disagreeable cross candidly saw glimmer light half mile broke darkness waters lantern nautilus remained steps presently saw captain nemo hurrying strong hand bent ground companion conseil didn think sudden attack soon reassured seeing captain lie remain immovable stretched ground algae bush raising head saw enormous mass casting phosphorescent gleams pass blood froze veins recognized formidable sharks threatened couple terrible creatures enormous tails dull glassy stare phosphorescent matter ejected holes pierced muzzle monstrous brutes crush iron jaws noticed silver bellies huge mouths bristling teeth unscientific point view victim naturalist happily voracious creatures passed seeing brushing brownish fins
bridge knew lost paved road ended wrong turn bridge fishing tell place fishing creek took left fork don need tell cut cross country re headed miles fork road left road road road miles till paved road silver springs road till wide concrete road route runs east west fishing creek road miles turn till cemetery left traffic light turn left re pike mile road town nice place thanked started doubtfully mental picture gentleman explaining surprise half hour later entered place artist friends recommended heaven likely subjects immediately reached heart town large square center sat small park soldier monument comfortable benches shade trees
quickly harvey ran front car try open door directly front car father accidentally threw car drive reverse wrong gear stepped gas ran harvey broke legs court harvey father put foster home father control drinking safe home boy boy thomas didn belonged left front farmhouse unwanted puppy farmhouse belonged ladies benson twins eighty oldest living twins birthday letters governor exactly alike eyes nose mouth bigger looked matching salt pepper shakers thomas stayed twins twins meant town tell authorities putting pleasant company later help garden twins broke hips age eighty thomas discovered authorities knew
entered room slowly slept room slept cousin stepfather daughters half sister bed spent nights saying move think miss america walked slowly dresser looked mirror developed smiling hid crooked lower teeth smiled making sure technique suddenly heard noise swirled didn watching looking saw thomas stung staring wanted tell found earring small pleased smile thin walked carefully person held earring discovered earrings missing tony orlando dawn accused house stealing going find earring turn upside shake earring pure gold stole earring mrs mason earring bathroom thomas smiling basin
harvey thomas shared room hall bunk beds broken legs harvey bottom bunk eased mattress looked springs thomas paused bed night bensons prayers twins knees bed arms straight boards fingers pointed felt shy praying front harvey standing harvey asked glancing thomas hesitated habit pray strong harvey looking waiting abruptly thomas climbed ladder bed want broke legs harvey asked thomas knees upper bunk yes answered playing football quarterback tackled hard stared casts pink toes going autograph casts friends bad thomas praying position eased heels bones break easily break bones walking path don harvey yes happen thomas leaned edge bunk looked harvey benson twins lived broke hips walking path house
lovely spring sun shining birds singing water running ditches tommy annika skipping pippi tommy brought couple lumps sugar pippi horse annika stopped porch pat horse house pippi asleep feet pillow head covers slept annika pinched big toe wake nilsson awake jumped seated overhead light began stir quilts suddenly red head popped pippi opened bright eyes smiled broadly pinching toes thought father king looking sat edge bed pulled stockings brown black sir wear thrust feet large black shoes exactly feet pippi tommy today annika don school worth thinking pippi dance christmas tree threw months ago dashed ice morning gold digging fun don dig
directions children running pippi dealt candy handful think buy thirty pounds shan left tomorrow bought thirty pounds wasn left tomorrow anyway store pippi stepped toy shop children toy shop sorts delightful things railroad trains automobiles wind sweet dolls pretty dresses dolls dinner sets cap pistols tin soldiers dogs elephants cloth jumping jacks asked clerk answered pippi looking searchingly shelves short jumping jacks continued cap pistols remedy hope pippi pulled fistful gold pieces children allowed pick thought needed annika decided wonderful doll light curly hair pink satin dress say mama pressed stomach tommy wanted steam engine children pointed wanted pippi finished shopping wasn left store building blocks pippi didn buy single thing nilsson mirror
pippi shrugged shoulders try warm pancake anyway blame goes wrong calmly sat step front drug store lined bottles impractical grownups let bottles perfectly half empty anyway lucky common sense words pulled corks bottles poured medicine bottle shook vigorously lifted bottle mouth drank swallows annika knew medicine rub worried pippi medicine poison find pippi happily find tomorrow latest alive poison smallest child drink tommy annika thought tommy doubtfully frightened voice yes poison left bottle polish dining room furniture pippi poison bought vain took bottle put cart false arm tommy steam engine annika doll bag red candies left thirty pounds
moment studied manfred live longer remember things don think forget pity kill veterans chuckled grimly returned music drinking later sound singing reached manfred prepared bed realized odds ideas wanted try veteran pilots manfred longed glory combat outstanding hunter completely fear boy climbed highest tower tied handkerchief top steeple fellow cadets gazed fear admiration drank rich spring air dizzying height sound merrymaking continued manfred fell deep untroubled sleep morning pilots assembled manfred felt excitement felt hunting trips heavy flight suits shivered slightly drank bottle middle table thing happen manfred think moments patrol winging early morning sky concentrate survival half hour flew somme river waggled wings manfred peered horizon saw cluster small dots tingle anticipation ran moment
veterans convinced manfred indifference danger cool crack worse wait sees plane flames days later manfred neared enemy plane squeezed trigger stream lead ripped british plane pieces fuselage filled air observer stood trying wildly position gun crumpled maneuvering desperately pilot tried escape manfred times twenty yards pouring bursts rear enemy plane suddenly smoke streamed tiny blossom flame sprouted tail entire plane wrapped flames manfred circled british pilot leaped cockpit parachute dying fall preferable roasted alive manfred watched pilot tiny doll twisting turning plunging ground miles evening stared didn shock pilot leap death question surprised manfred shocks deeply look pieter manfred glanced young pilot trance stared wall unseeing explained pieter thought shooting clay pigeons look human falling space relaxing smiled slapped manfred born hunter pays think nerves re finished
manfred astounding thing glided gently earth wreckage hawker plane lay yards enemy line quickly darted debris lewis gun torn loose impact manfred picked startled troops fire plane moments aloft trophy tuesday english pilot buried full honors manfred attend services considered improper sat room hear crash rifles cemetery salute fired sad sweet sound bugles manfred began write mama idea berlin soon sending planes pilots suddenly germany hero baron manfred von red baron entire nation stirred hope high command turned legendary pilot manfred charge sixty planes red baron record grew planes months passed mark set planes bear charmed skies black allied planes german production telegram arrived berlin hold costs mount spring offensive manfred frowned insanity matter weeks remembered wild boar hunts home prussia moving rapidly point point able surprise boar kills
nan bet fifteen twins dirty ignorant dressed rags mother father thief grandmother beggar fought brawling night nearly night tom unhappy hard begged save father beatings spent deal listening priest tales gorgeous kings princes head grew full wonderful things nights lay dark smelly straw bed floor imagined leading petted prince royal palace desire haunted night real prince read priest books gradually reading dreaming strong effect unknowingly began act prince amusement young tom influence young began grow looked wise fact hero young family privately tom organized royal court prince special comrades lords ladies rags beg money eat crust bread usual abuse stretch straw resume dreaming
soon midst crowd boys running jumping playing ball leapfrog dressed alike flat black cap size saucer beneath hair fell middle forehead cut straight band neck blue gown fitted closely hung low knees full sleeves broad red belt bright yellow stockings knees low shoes large metal buckles ugly costume boys stopped play gathered prince dignity say master edward prince wales speak shout rude fellow grace messenger beggar prince face flushed anger hand flew hip storm laughter boy thinks sword maybe prince laughter boy spoken shouted comrades slaves manners knees bow royal rags noisy laughter dropped knees prince kicked nearest boy fiercely tomorrow hanged going laughter ceased fury took place dozen boys shouted horse pond
clock afternoon tom ordeal dressed dinner conducted large dining room table set room half filled noble servants groom chamber lord chief butler lord steward lord head cook tom hundred eighty servants existence present drilled remember prince temporarily head careful show surprise tom ate fingers inspected linen napkin asked removed soil examined turnips lettuce asked meant eaten vegetables beginning raised england rare finished dinner lord held shallow gold dish filled fragrant rose water rinse fingers tom looked dish raised took drink returned waiting lord care lord dinner tom asked cabinet prince left tried parts shining steel armor hanging ate nuts carried dinner finally discovered books manners english court
sound shut eyes think sounds morning command alarm clock cheerful clatter chatter breakfast rumble swish traffic clump clump walking recognize explore sounds whistles squeaks thumps words music sounds alike tell touch fingers throat growling sound feel buzzing movement feel inside throat shaking vibrating sounds squeak hum gurgle word feel vibration hear sound let vibration hear feel hold ruler halfway edge desk palm pressing firmly snap end ruler vibrate listen sound vibrating ruler shakes rapidly air vibrate vibrating air eardrums vibrate hear sound try sound makers drum toy whistle piano bell touch sound coming feel vibration sounds rapid vibration
easier obey rules understand reasons rules eyes understand reasons rules eye care rules read light bright dim bright light iris muscles shut dim light open strains muscles makes tired feel making muscle arm keeping lifting muscle tired reading light light coming shoulder book shadow helps prevent strain injure eyes fine close reading sewing raise eyes muscles lens iris chance shift position sort stretch period squint hold close sharp picture eye doctor headaches read awhile need eye examination surely don need explanation rule need wear glasses try remember likes wearing beginning help soon habit wearing don read moving car bus
things don allow light shine shine light opaque thing red apple apple look red experiment show color paper reflects color light colors light flashlight stopped absorbed colored paper apple looks red reflects red part white light absorbs parts grass looks green reflects green part white light shines absorbs parts light white paper looks white reflects colors white light shines color opaque color light reflects shine blue light red apple apple look plan experiment find sure room dark begin experiment look colors things colors reflect light tell walls classroom painted light color color room windows sunlight light absorbed vanish changed answer felt bright sunlight white clothes feel cooler dark colored black clothes
debate presentation arguments sides question order convince listeners support side discussion rambling kind give facts ideas order air opinions trying persuade listener arrive topic member class bring suggestion listed board voted pupils topic receiving largest popular vote attract interest volunteer speakers equal opportunity find material prepare arguments depending kind topic interview read current magazines write agencies information regarding topic homework abolished statements classmates teachers principal interview parents businessmen community leaders read magazine articles suggested teacher librarian debate contest sports elect captain team members side affirmative side upholds question stated negative team takes opposite side question pupil chairman teacher call speakers side give arguments favor timekeeper limit speaker minutes agreed advance requires speakers obey signal tapping pencil stop
adam say eve offered apple garden eden jonah say found inside whale words written hand courageous words spoken past preserved writing john paul jones aboard bonhomme richard begun fight abraham lincoln speech gettysburg government perish earth point clear speech important writing enduring remember written expression difficult language arts learn listen speak later read finally write need greatest amount training writing includes weighing ideas organizing choosing effective words expressing thoughts acceptable style mean bit writing deserves chiseled marble forever mean factual writing everyday needs creative composition expression require conscious effort clear direct letters imaginative stories demand easily acquire satisfactory degree skill study section carefully kind writing requires writer clear accurate courteous main emphasis getting facts
week later clock morning opened eyes stared stark white walls room waking igloo thought flood light shining huge window directly eyes slid sleeping bag covered head heard mother moving kitchen dressed quickly downstairs re early mrs stowe hoisted counter took doughnut box light room don sleep think curtains thought curtains wasn going say light course won mother told won re looking wrong stowe kitchen took doughnut box going asked daughter room light mrs stowe stowe laughed wish worry moving van coming today million things moped house van saw things forgot misplaced person unpacked doll collection doll carefully case
dolls shelf real looking counter blond girl eleven age doll blond dressed blue overalls plaid shirt bit overweight arm basket bread doll white hair dressed brown baggy pants white shirt high collar suspenders couldn face seated small brown chair leaning forward hand held tiny paintbrush took doll shelf girl wearing red skirt knees matching red jacket big puffy sleeves head sailor hat red ribbon wearing high pointed shoes hand held small suede bag opened bag carefully inside tiny marbles replace doll noticed look small face saddest face seen unhappy asked wasn mean stowe didn answer sighed turned mrs diaz afraid won making stowe terrible dolls things store told going
laura handed marbles thing put marbles circle choose marble shooter try shoot marbles shooter try shoot mine shoot marbles knelt knee held shooter seen laura hold aimed clear green marble shooter rolled slowly circle stopped inches green marble asked turn shot laura knocked marbles circle knocked hey re told playing laura won game easily want play asked stood walked big oak tree sat swing looked laura carefully let talk laura stretched grass okay talk let talk laura laughed pretty boring driving crazy told ask toy store sells dolls named stowe makes dolls looks laura turned put head arms didn say weird coloring haircut
sea watch looking water boat worked dan carlos carlos diver times worked water carlos watching air pump bill bill diver bill took sea watch sea took boat dan diving bill held rope dan dan bill pulled rope ahoy dan salty parrot ahoy dan salty andy parrot andy cook sea watch helped dan carlos diving dan andy dan water looking boat marineland marineland sea fish big tanks look windows tanks fish boat marineland sea fish big tanks coming dock wrong water boat boat sea fishing boat help marineland boat fishing boat took dock marineland boat fish big tanks
fish swim big tanks marineland fish swim dan diving dive fish look windows tanks look windows fish swim water fish top tanks porpoises jump air hungry porpoises jump air food held look fish andy look fish salty parrot look fish fish salty dan fish swim diving dive fish swim andy fish marineland diver carlos water andy fish swim marineland big tank dive andy cook laughed dan dive sea watch brown bill brown glad look fish salty look fish yes salty laughed brown fish marineland porpoises eels crabs
sea watch dock put things boat bill put hooks lines nets boat hooks lines nets help dan carlos catch sharks octopus dan carlos put tanks water sea watch tanks sharks tank octopus tank fish andy helped put food sea watch andy put big barrel boat dan andy cut fish sea hunt fish chum chum cut fish put chum water help catch sharks sharks andy cut fish laughed carlos andy cook sharks andy cook sea watch bill cooking cook dan andy carlos eat chum sharks dan dock ready ready sharks octopus andy catch catch carlos watch dan catch help andy carlos laughed diver help
december fishing boat commanded captain port east london seacoast town south africa kinds ships docked harbor ships taking fruit vegetables grain farms gold mines ships bringing goods important fish ocean indian ocean east coast south africa teemed kinds sea east london market supplied fish country reason catch captain days sweeping fishing grounds big net decided head port trawler passed mouth river try captain wondered place fishing deep forty fathoms feet bottom rocky rough fishermen jagged rocks ruin net captain didn full load decided risk net cast ship big ellipse miles offshore lucky ton half fish sold food couple tons sharks fertilizer winches pulled net
dr james smith professor university hundred miles east london officially professor chemistry half half fish dr smith boy family lovely holiday place river distance sea called trees full birds mysterious swamps trails wilderness calm lagoons strange beautiful fish swam james father gave rod line fishing father showed boy bait hook drop water waited suddenly line bobbed calm surface pulling boy pulled line whipped air end struggling silvery fish fish moment fishing james smith greatest pleasure catching fish names lived grew studied books find books technical understood experts wanted expert wasn system wrote descriptions fishes caught
soft parts destroyed decayed deal learned bones arranged telephone call put rushed home write letter heart pounded brain whirl coelacanth living fossil thought wanted believe secretly longed discovery dream coming true hopeful wrote miss latimer tore letter wrote sandy hair stood head wife hovered anxiously trying help managed write letter calm enthusiastic interested news found resemble extinct fish care examine sure managed rest night morning rushed shop wait hours call heard miss latimer voice afraid ask happened fish insides managed stammer question heart sank heard answer
solution awful truth dawned groaned aloud abandon ship commanded hands safely left bowels doomed vessel captain raced furnace room found fled returning deck watched crew prepare lower lifeboats overpowered feeling doom knees grew weak stared straight ahead haunted eyes perspiration glistened square black beard lower boats ordered swiftly urged decided stay aboard die ship barely minutes passed collision cheerfully port city halifax nearby citadel hill boy played dog red rubber ball looking smiled boy unloaded boxes wagon wonderful thing boy full measure stretching ahead moment felt envious glanced clock city hall read finish delivery return warehouse drawn short city halifax ten minutes live barbershop king edward hotel sat chair awaiting shave sighed barber removed steaming towel jowls blissfully closed eyes
west street fire station telephone rang firefighter billy wells paid attention stared bright engine patricia pride joy station motor driven fire engine halifax billy fingers itched wheel firefighter looked telephone ship afire pier hanging phone billy jumped boots donned slicker chance put patricia action matter seconds shiny red engine racing cobblestone streets pier mile half felt engine respond wheel billy hoped fervently part action knowing hurry city halifax minutes live large group bystanders watched french ship interest yells excited crew attracting attention re sure mighty upset chuckled meantime captain le closed eyes raised hands forehead resigned fate short moment mate jean grabbed shoulder mon boats waiting captain le raised head smiled sadly effort answer
seagulls high overhead fell midflight roasted intense heat hundred miles heard explosion noticed birds flew madly strangely disturbed dishes rattled cupboards prince edward island hundred fifty miles billy wells hoped arrived late patricia screeched curve foot canal street billy heard tremendous roar beautiful fire engine disappeared companions dream found floating harbor clutching wheel ton portion mont blanc anchor hurled miles later found hillside sitting barber chair king edward hotel felt sting knew buildings edge harbor vanished inhabitants square mile city looked pounded earth giant fist john charge diving operations pier picked greeted sight filled horror water level harbor dropped ten feet matter minutes water rush spreading death destruction thought flight suddenly remembered divers working bottom harbor found tidal wave roared
deep greenwood ran sudden arrow whizzed close drew blood ear arrow flew fortunately robin fell wide mark ran angry growls foresters swallowed trees sherwood forest robin sat strong oak tree overwhelmed bitter sad thoughts doomed outlaw forever hiding greenwood killed creature forest king forest rights belongs aye foresters place moment merry fair robin sank deeper gloom thought cousins friends dear love maid marian surely allowed robin hearty stuff gloom soon lifted fortunes mine fall low rise chuckled outlaw methinks worthy hundred pounds fair price set lucky head stroking place forester arrow put end sudden rustle thicket caused robin stiffen
robin took step surprise stranger feet tall foot taller robin hood leg truth thick robin waist called coward robin lay bow staff thou art strong thy words outlaw jumped nimbly thicket put longbow arrows cut stout oaken staff log bridge took stand tall fellow set cried robin ye test mettle live tell birds flew shout arose stranger whirled staff head smote robin blow bones sing robin nimble foot lusty crack surely caused lose balance fall stream return robin hit stranger stinging stroke staffs flew lightning minutes caught blows rib crown felled lesser cry stop knock log stream half hour stood place firmly giving taking cracks robin caught stranger blow stout head ring tall thrown balance tilting side
butcher thought hard honest fain cheat bold lincoln green stood finally answered ten gold pieces fair robin drew purse heavy coin exclaimed ye find ten gold pieces heavens bless thee robin hood butcher joyfully request robin thou wilt trade thy butcher garb suit lincoln green add gold coin trade butcher waved bye handsome suit heavy purse girdle puzzled frown face knew robin hood chose things butcher whistling merry tune robin drove mare heavy cart butchers square market nottingham town stalls filled robin place end called ho fair lasses wives gentle dames follow follow follow follow reddest beef sweetest lamb veal fattest mutton likes ye seen looked young butcher seen handsomer words cried stare roar laughter spoke prices wondrous fair
mary ann maid plump frisky busy maid saw running big gray house wally grocery tall skinny large wagon delivery truck working fine andy started bellowing left decided collie dog andy happy galloping field barking top lungs making entirely noise anyway wanted things needed lot grocery bags saw mrs dubois walking home school thing bringing groceries everett drove big truck curving drive began unloading sack sack groceries strange lady maid running carry counted ten sacks told wally mary ann ten wally counted thirteen licked thumb rubbed palm stamped fist meant truth sure told mama big stack paper bags porch hurried wally mary ann collected pile rocks weeds fill
took fussing mary ann agree finally settled scooted home clever scheme friday night clock night air turning soft lavender smoke set johnson drug store nearly ran couldn think wanted didn eat half orange sherbet tell truth wally excited drank milk shake gulps wait mary ann saw vanilla ice cream reached fence mrs dubois backyard dark house looked bigger crouched bushes waited happen lights house watching mean lady race past windows chasing poor helpless children big stick leather belt wally nudged pointed small figure bending kitchen makes kids scrub whispered wally figure straightened short plump maid wasn scrubbing carrying large paper bags arms soon lady joined maid kitchen began scurrying busy mice
drawing pictures trains cutting pictures pasting playing train house chairs didn hear throwing rocks heard choo choo choo trains important thing didn ride train cost station walked train stopped sat seats knew looked inside brought posters stevie room stevie saved money ride money babysitting give started thinking maybe betty rest wondered fix hair shoes happened wasn bad thing meant stick saturday help grandma wash store stevie help grandma won washing machines building thinks clean stevie pushing shopping cart dirty clothes sudden let yell hey teacher walking dog leash
red faced slamming cabin door stumping deck interrupted reflections mental note topic projected essay thought calling necessity freedom plea artist red faced shot glance pilot house gazed fog stumped deck evidently artificial legs stood side legs wide expression keen enjoyment face wrong decided days spent sea nasty weather turns heads gray nod pilot house thought strain answered simple direction compass distance speed call mathematical certainty strain snorted simple mathematical certainty brace lean backward air stared tide golden gate demanded bellowed fast drift eh listen bell buoy re top em course fog mournful tolling bell pilot turning wheel rapidity
wolf larsen ceased swearing suddenly begun cigar glanced eyes chanced cook cooky began cold temper steel yes sir cook eagerly appeasing apologetic servility don think stretched neck unhealthy mate afford lose careful health cooky understand word striking contrast smoothness previous utterance snapped lash whip cook quailed yes sir meek reply offending head disappeared galley sweeping rebuke cook pointed rest crew uninterested fell task number lounging companionway galley hatch sailors continued talking low tones afterward learned hunters shot seals superior breed common sailor folk johansen wolf larsen called sailor stepped forward obediently palm needle sew beggar find canvas sail locker put feet sir asked customary ay ay sir wolf larsen answered elevated voice call cooky
passed involuntary servitude wolf larsen stronger unreal unreal look monstrous inconceivable thing horrible nightmare hold don stopped obediently walk galley johansen call hands cleaned funeral decks cleared useless lumber johansen summoning watch couple sailors captain direction laid canvas swathed corpse hatch cover side deck rail bottoms lashed number small boats picked hatch cover ghastly freight carried lee side rested boats feet pointing overboard feet attached sack coal cook fetched conceived burial sea solemn awe inspiring event quickly disillusioned burial rate hunters dark eyed mates called smoke telling stories liberally oaths obscenities minute group hunters gave mouth laughter sounded wolf chorus barking hell hounds sailors trooped noisily aft watch rubbing sleep eyes talked low tones
found nibbling nervously rough fingernail yanked mouth glared hated ragged gnawed nails hated hands big boy hands spread fingers sides couldn pick nails pam suddenly cried gloria darted line called ah re gloria taylor small round girl short dark curly hair hurried rolled eyes delightedly boys pretended block path shouting hey taylor end line swirling breeze breathlessly stand pam emily hi thanks saving place pam turned emily regarded large brown eyes looked surprised hi emily hi emily stood tensely ready laugh talk act clique say gloria witty fun didn want bring subject home pam telling gloria talking emily moving farm re going anymore sure emily cried encouraged pam statement imply wanted goodness laughed cheerfully won able walk gloria won emily protested
couldn parents bought cottage beautiful lake emily wondered bitterly house wasn true lake walking distance house sandy lake appropriately named muddy country pond clique want swim paul gloria continuing reverent whisper lifeguard taught pam butterfly alice put excitedly learned fast pam tossed hair turning emily explained real hard stroke learn lift arms water emily half smile taught butterfly pam looked moment blue eyes curious emily mysterious smile face explain taught butterfly mrs rogers swimming instructor pool lunch finished girls wandered hot blaze september sun gathered knot school front steps emily proudly midst clique bubbling remembrances weekend cottage remember cynthia fell seethed giggles explained emily emily outsider laughing cynthia fallen pier clothes swum sedately shore dress ballooning streamer seaweed dripping glasses
front bedroom surprising familiar spool bed bureau mirror place walked dropped carton bed rubbing arms cardboard dug red creases looked carefully room windows edged bobbing ivy leaves walls fashioned yellow print cheerful room thought cheerful bright sky suddenly darkened thunder rumbled distance mother hurried unloading boxes brisk worked emily feel sluggish sleepy yawned small yawn swallowed sigh jaw snapping yawn brought tears eyes sneaked furtive glances mirror eyes looked drowsy heavy lidded sexy thought suddenly delighted peered closer turning head sideways girl mirror sultry sideways glances night lay bed feel sultry room big lonely room raining steady mournful dripping smell rain wet chill totally friends desolate land someday clique friends close things forever car whispered past wet street
reviewing ways decoding words recognize immediately reading read books articles unfamiliar topics find need consult dictionary learn pronunciation meaning unfamiliar words school dictionaries differ slightly number words listed number illustrations key pronunciation features skills enable full dictionary serve dictionary able locate word read pronunciation understand meaning instances learn usage expressions parts country entry words printed boldface type left side column dictionary arranged alphabetically help find word quickly page guide words top guide words entry words page word alphabetical order guide words entered page earlier unit reviewed number sound letter relationships meet frequently reading knowing sounds vowel letters consonant letters stand helpful say word look unfamiliar word dictionary find dictionary symbols stand vowel sounds consonant sounds
centuries astronomers asking questions moon study observations heavenly bodies found things moon learned theory saturday july apollo spacecraft orbit flying continuous path moon hundred miles surface spaceship astronauts transferred moon landing craft lem lunar excursion module bug popular lem shape spindly legs traveled surface moon trip pioneer spacemen space explorers scientists realize moon suited human atmosphere layer gases find encircling earth astronauts outfitted oxygen supplies surface moon spacemen confronted extremes temperature carry temperature control equipment spacesuits plastics proved hospitals doctors offices doctors tried find material strong place bone needed pliable rigid replacing damaged blood vessels materials remain intact deteriorated body caused harm tissues today worry unable materials availability changed field medicine
decoding words step understanding read need develop skill finding meaning sentence began reading sentences books simple easy understand experience reading sentences read longer complex complicated sentence recognize relationships parts sentence order understand unit give practice understanding sentences writer wants add extra detail main thought sentence detail describe explain part sentence added detail beginning end sentence interrupt main thought words interrupt sentence horseman string pack animals climbed steep trail phrase string pack animals interrupts comes parts main thought tells horseman climbs trail essential main thought horseman climbed steep trail frequently easy recognize set main thought punctuation look sentence mule stumbling loose stones struggled regain foothold interrupting phrase stumbling loose stones separated main thought commas explains mule struggled regain foothold main thought
blue glass jars filled candy copper bowl cookies twins big pail lemonade put pieces ice put handled dipper pail opened package paper cups ready customer sat open door waited business begin speeding cars slowed big green black driver front lady sitting dog driver wanted road told politely knew courage asked lady wouldn eat drink homemade added rebecca lady smiled dog put pink tongue understood early morning sandy drink water cookie sandy enjoy lady surely stop soon rebecca laughed watched drive thought customer dog happened fourth july saturday week yellow shop open friday noon cars spinning rebecca decided spend dollars fifty cents buying large supply lemons root beer pop
minutes slats lifted stepped straight bag food cried eddie grabbing eat grain won dinner breakfast broke eddie flash began climb trunks reached top lay looked eddie baggage half closed eyes look cried baggage thought lie corner nice quiet look eddie think maybe going nap let let nap quiet exactly sleep eddie hung baggage car awhile guess room look window son baggage looks petunia certainly eddie yes eddie baggage eddie cars found room porter standing corridor
barney living uncle charlie small eskimo village northern alaska weeks blizzard barney stayed late school started trading post uncle lived blizzard blinding terror barney dog known barney reached home barney post uncle charlie met door gave scare boy barney explained happened asked stays inside tonight uncle charlie surely chain door uncle charlie barney guess found afternoon means barney asked gave final pat night eskimo word meaning stormy place uncle charlie explained say named barney replied started upstairs re guests tonight barney uncle charlie barney stopped foot air asked airplane pilot friend mine lot prospecting gold uncle charlie led barney front room barney want meet slim dickson hit lot trails partners prospecting
tourist museum specialized relics seafaring days closing aunt uncle titus jones arranged buy small collection resale jones salvage yard elegant junkyard west coast aunt ran salvage yard uncle titus interested scouting exciting junk large powerful sharp tongued woman basically kind saw boys idea put jupiter lived uncle aunt tried aunt friends important business attend running junior detective firm investigators morning aunt spotted boys junkyard demanded help christmas vacation trapped sighing boys began carry items hans big brothers worked salvage yard noting boys expressions hans mischievously started whistle jingle bells loaded yard pickup truck aunt watched boys moment returned taking inventory museum owner acres inventory finished aunt help boys pack boxes exhibition room acres front tend visitor moments later boys aunt heard voice shouting acres
noon truck unloaded aunt street jones house lunch boys hurried chest study headquarters jupiter carry stout boy ran ahead leaving bob pete standing big heavy chest sighs protest pete picked end bob struggled outdoor workshop front corner junkyard beneath workbench began tunnel large galvanized pipe ran mountain junk secret headquarters investigators headquarters damaged mobile home trailer boys fixed hidden sight carefully stacks junk inside modern office complete darkroom lab desk typewriter tape recorder telephone periscope seeing surrounding junk sorts special detective equipment jupiter invention headquarters cleverest features big drawback bob pete realized lugged chest tunnel big tunnel pete groaned boys set chest looked entrances big bob pointed glumly bet won fit jupiter crawling tunnel looking excited
jupiter jumped backed stacks junk pete bob frozen stood java jim advanced menacingly jupiter clutched wrapped book tightly shirt pete jupiter cried plan java jim whirled pete bob dark eyes snapping weatherbeaten face tricks kids warning bearded sailor hard stare bore pete bob watched moment daring move boys gulped java jim smiled nastily turned jupiter book boy java jim hoarsely re liar thief jupiter cried backed circle java jim laughed thief maybe lot worse boy think want book jupiter edging drawing sailor towering pile junk turned pete bob edged java jim guys jupiter shouted bob pete bent quickly pulled boards junk tower sailor curse java jim turned late bob pete leaped wall junk crashing java jim boards bed springs broken chairs rolls ragged rugs fell bearded sailor kicked flailed trying protect escape bob pete grinned sight jupiter didn pause
boy sitting opposite enemy boy sitting opposite called wore green silk jacket orange stripe sleeve jacket told dave enemy jacket shrieked enemy enemy piece indicating gun table runs close forty bucks try buy store gun table smith police special rested exactly center table sawed inch barrel abruptly terminating lethal grace weapon checked walnut stock gun gun finished flat blue alongside gun special cartridges dave looked gun nervous apprehensive tight control face show feeling enemy presented mask enemy eyebrow saying seen pieces special studying large brown eyes eyes moist looking bad looking kid thick black hair maybe nose mouth chin tell cat mouth chin turkey rumble
parted sandy brown hair straight middle thick horn rimmed glasses green eyes look distorted noticeable accent impaired speech skinny short worst lionel saw lionel sophomore listening ear math lesson math teacher miller okay admired draw perfect circle blackboard freehand keeping arm rigid teacher didn give homework talking finding circumference circle miller door room opened suddenly principal latimer walked whispered words teacher walked kid lionel didn laugh loud mid october weather gotten cold didn matter kid wore longest heaviest blue serge overcoat seen bright yellow scarf stuck buttons coat sleeves coat inches arms stood stiffly front room whispered hands earshot snickered guess miller escorted vacant seat left kid sat big ugly overcoat suit armor
week lionel monday morning school crew cut part middle tuesday took overcoat held lap worn scarf friday leaving overcoat locker looking rest wasn saying especially teachers midterm examination schedules posted bulletin board week november steve paid closer attention class home cracked books school steve quit job began ready marble halls school lot quieter week exams kids concerned worried appeared didn care whistled corridors lunch steve tossing tennis ball end ball field stanley gordon donald phipps walked didn pay attention steve hey guys called gordon mere minute caught ball walked science notes buddy asked gordon re okay replied lending asked smile notes dennison cover stuff
wasn going alaska uncle settling chair funny wasn ago place sure booming oil heck nineteen depression times tough times farming pretty shot dakotas drought low prices money laid worked summers high school took seattle caught cheap boat valdez alaska range valley daddy left california couple younger guess took valley reminded north dakota hot summer cold winter rainfall potato country dakotas grew potatoes wasn pretty tough getting started asked sure boy uncle replied tough days depressions tough don seen told sort black mark generation child prosperity asked ignoring comment land office fairbanks picked acres homestead
thing washed potatoes bagged sale fairbanks sounds pretty simple selling half pound dirt ten pounds crazy sold lot potatoes sounds easy sure easy agreed don mind working head ruined crop wiped saved seed potatoes kind sort started started irrigating nursed potatoes watch crop grow twenty hours june july sun sets months electricity gas lamps pump water hand dozen miles nearest telephone mattered talk anyway farmers valley asked early days electricity valley began fill electricity makes lot things easier lights refrigerators washing machines water pumps telephones record players things
minnie susy mae middle aging counter hair curled rouge powder sweating face taking orders soft low voice calling cook screech peacock mopping counter circular strokes polishing big shining coffee cook joe carl al hot white coat apron beady sweat white forehead white cook cap moody rarely speaking looking moment entry repeats mae orders gently scrapes griddle wipes burlap moody silent mae contact smiling mechanically serving truck drivers backbone joint trucks stop customers fool truck drivers bring customers mae smiles truck drivers truck pulls khaki riding trousers boots short jackets shiny visored military caps screen door slam ya mae big bill rat run week ago mae smiles gonna cup java kinda pie ya banana cream pineapple cream chocolate cream apple apple steam spurts valve coffee urn compressor ice machine chugs softly stops electric fan corner waves head slowly sweeping room warm breeze
clearly racial stock share physical traits fact traits physical anthropologists observe physical traits classify study lived ago anthropologists believe thousands ago large numbers lived areas lived area saw met peoples living areas mountains deserts oceans rivers distances peoples meeting number living part population periods population physical traits common inherited traits parents inherited parents traits passed parents children population formed traits populations anthropologists group main racial stocks anthropologists carleton coon stanley joseph offered set racial classifications smaller groupings called geographical races geographical race population lived continent part continent chain islands develop physical traits common today members geographical race traits common ancestors members geographical races
kinship closely tied village related feel close person call elderly highly respected grandfather related kinship terms shows japanese kinship relationships especially valued kinship relationships father son elder brother younger brother husband wife older members family community highly respected early children learn respectful elders honor obedience parents strong values respect elders important family village part religious beliefs japanese family follow teachings buddha religious leader lived india thousand ago visit buddhist temple village offerings buddhists family honor pray important family members lived ago village buddhists shinto shrines roadsides bow offerings statues gods dead home small shinto shrine honoring guards household family hold simple service shrine home japanese families united states follow shinto buddhist religions
matter live share physical traits human needs fill order live need air food water shelter ways fill needs food growing crops land fish hunt getting food kinds shelter vary ways acting thinking believing called culture culture cultural traits patterns physical traits cultural traits recall tom boys studied share physical traits inherited traits parents grandparents grandparents cultural traits boys language speak language tom speak agree statement concept physical cultural traits born physical traits learn cultural traits tom change physical traits learned learn cultural traits tom parents moved united states learned patterns american culture culture learn ways acting japan changed cultural patterns follow
learn ways acting thinking cultures especially true united states cultural backgrounds live united states learned culture patterns neighbors changed culture patterns decided united states learn cultural patterns families communities instance person united states grow learning patterns cowboy culture patterns irish american culture person learn patterns jewish culture patterns england farm culture share values ways living part national culture culture united states try listing values customs think shares united states patterns enable country recognize united states find evidence tell list think united states share values customs learn think learn reasons cultural group race cultural group smaller nation
family tom home home united states members tom family sleep beds raised floor house sleep bamboo mats thick quilts stuffed cotton daytime closets bedtime spread floor eat meals tom family sit table chairs common united states culture sits cushion low dining table tom enjoy special japanese dishes sukiyaki meat vegetables tom mother prepares dishes hamburgers cornbread tom enjoys dishes japanese food learned chopsticks eats fork knife learned cultural traits tom learned play games basketball soccer games culture patterns japan united states games play brother learned play japanese game grow tom learn ways acting part cultures learn ways acting friends parents relatives teachers
japanese culture cultural patterns values changed villages cities kinship ties relatives important today smaller family ties husband wife children strong values important japanese wife help decisions family obeys husband tell wishes husband makes final decisions think fair arrangement fair arrangement community respect age valued young japanese children learn obey elders polite adults expected continue acting older important positions young office workers instance highly respectful employers employer treats office worker son daughter office workers treat employer father respected elder japan success person successful respect respect family community groups japanese success begins education families start saving children education children infants today nearly goes school twelve going college
sat supper mother eyes sparkled visitor pace father leaned listened talk ran friends familiar table sense pattern father trying mother helping avoiding direct questions hold facts shane dodging turn aware purpose annoyed mild courteous spoke readily put words gave real information riding days full news towns trail cheyenne dodge city heard news past fenced tightly pasture learn riding taking mind maybe seeing part country mother washed dishes dried sat porch voices carrying open door visitor guiding conversation father talking plans trick father argue ideas find listener
ledyard small thin featured peddler trader couple months things general store town pack stock mule team freighter driven white haired negro acted afraid speak permission ledyard deliveries buckboard claiming hard bargain picking orders articles bring trip nice things mean father benefit smiled real friendliness porch swung horse lane pulling stop jumped calling greetings father meet shane stayed porch leaning end post ledyard beauty told yanked canvas covering body wagon sun bright shiny pronged cultivator lying side floor boards buy toted haul hm father hit wanting start chattering buy means big money tariff ledyard slow reply cost figured talking
took plate mother peeling apples kitchen humming gaily woodbox bob humming carried stove lengths till box hold slipped think chores tried busy river skipping flat stones current muddy rain able steady chopping peculiar fascination pulling barn simply grasp stick hour hour sense routing stump important wavering front barn noticed chopping axe working hurried shane swinging cutting root father spade digging side stump bringing dirt cut roots watched laid spade put shoulder stump heaved sweat started pour face sucking sound stump moved slightly sudden excited hear blood pounding past eardrums wanted dash stump push feel move
scotty jerry called inside talker matt turn engines hurry voice called engine firing engine firing scotty feel ss move ahead fast engines cut fire shot end top rocket engine left side spaceship scotty turned seat watch rocket fire ran black space ship saw lights rocketship sweep goes rocketship scotty jerry lights miles speed spaceships close jerry going head space police ship earth roared space scotty looked friend jerry black seated side spaceship jerry top ss knew space sweeping space police jerry scotty rocket engine matt miles find wrecked space police ship point speed bring jerry listening closely board front told meteors close voice spaceship dead ahead bring ss points
scotty opened eyes hear voices jerry matt close scotty moved jerry matt help happened scotty asked feel belted hit run spaceship hit head ship rolled jerry thought run wrecked rocketship scotty talking dead happened hit point speed matt turned magnets magnets ships slowly ships running side side space feel scotty jerry asked board wreck scotty answered let lot meteor belt jerry let boarding ship took closer look wreck point speed light took pictures meteors things space pictures ss jerry turned let light sweep dead ship point speed big rocketship loaded front small spaceship engines fire rockets speed shot space police fire rockets speed shot gun space pirates load board
roll jerry big space police ship closed fire planet roll pirate friends run spaceship run meteor gas pirate ship fire planet space police turned ship pulled fire planet end roll asked matt thought jerry scotty looking room sealed hole ship jerry turned matt magnet line ss point speed asked ready matt jerry turning scotty board ss run air line want ready ship engines earth scotty going run engines matt asked lot meteor gas coming meteor belt jerry belt pulling point speed lot gas close running gas scotty cut line ships
raisin sheep reasons wanted catch bear killin sheep maybe reasons bear sittin lookin sheepish saw bear bout sheep killin dead sheep sheep damaged minute killed em backed trap killin em thing skin dress sheep turned mister bear bad disposition growls shook snow hemlocks shakin rage stoppin look tail wouldn follow bear madder wet cat took pounds sheep liver tied end pole fishin pole says mighty funny bait mighty funny fish says don want close sneak spruce ready shoot goes wrong moved climbed trunk dead spruce lowered pole liver dangled front mister bear nose
fourth quarter game chicago bears san francisco forty december bears leading largely basis touchdowns scored gale sayers foggy raining dusk december twilight beginning creep wrigley field chicago bad weather lopsided score crowd begin leave game final minutes person left knew chance football history muddy murky field touchdowns sayers short record national football league game record set ernie thanksgiving crowd chanted want sayers chicago bears want let star halfback carry ball fear injured slippery field forty concentrating stopping game won dramatic moment forty sayers stood waiting yard line barely visible deepening gloom caught ball started san francisco goal line eighty yards sayers goal line eleven determined forty crowd stared wonder fleet footed kansan eluded tacklers crossed line record tying sixth touchdown watching game television ernie called brilliant performance gale sayers seen football field
derry red mittened hands sheet rope jack frost boat careless careful stilted english melted water top hard ice crack finished line rough ice snapped rudder bob scott unwary hands headlong flat deck jack frost instantly wind turned boat madly spinning top flapped laundry line boom smashed wild uncertainty icicle drew figure skimming ice hold derry tommy didn need warned crossed rough line stocky arms tightened rudder round chin stiffened speeding birdlike finish tommy derry looked instant joe rodgers whirled boat sprawling helplessly soft yellow ice course watched ice gave body disappeared spray water joe head shoulders view clawed grip edge ice tommy derry looked finish line ready tommy snapped began jack frost yell re close tommy derry flattened underneath boom watch joe red head
bade wife children set journey walked days days met lean starved wolf going asked wolf going wise tell rich heard wolf favor find wise terrible stomach ache rid tell cure pain ask walked days nights apple tree roadside going asked apple tree going wise find rich working favor begged apple tree spring covered blossoms soon open drop bear single apple ask wise ask walked days nights deep lake enormous fish raised head water asked going going wise advice rich favor ask
night passed morning young servant bed master angrily paced floor servant slept finally master rushed boy bedroom realize nearly noon shouted chance losing temper asked servant lifting head pillow course losing temper answered frightened master lowering voice reminding harvest grain re angry boy slowly bed slowly began put clothes rich impatiently paced boy continued dress hurry boy re taking dressed exclaimed master losing temper asked servant losing temper certainly mean remind late ready soon replied younger brother servant finished dressing arrived fields noon look silly start eating noon meal servant let eat sat ate custom working short nap noonday meal younger brother stretched ground
autumn winter spring forgotten farmer family busy thinking things happened ago farmer market town wife road looked sky anxious frown think storm today agreed miss twill likely start home put canvas top cart storm comes tis sure dark case wife night comes early dark earlier weather bad laid hands reins gathered ready start promise round coming home seriously short road weather bridge burn terrible dangerous place travel farmer smiled don bother lass tis worry fuss wanting hot supper waiting
eddie boy called show eddie called hurry want show eddie walked hurry eddie asked scientist waved eddie front door kitchen eddie quickly glanced thing ma gig ma call machine proudly machine eddie walked kitchen looks broom closet correct replied broom closet part machine eddie looked machine eddie think latest invention asked eddie finally step inside find ok eddie quickly stepping word wish word eddie truth don works want try thanks thanks eddie flatly read stories machines step whoosh land cave bunch prehistoric staring land spaceship headed mars happens books guarantee happen
woman place home air saying early kind talk didn stop harriet quimby planned heart set learn fly passed wright brothers flight airplanes planes today small poorly built today computer controls bring flyers safety bad weather bad weather mean disaster harriet quimby didn care decided pilot ready fight bad weather ideas women flyers harriet signed courses flying passed tests pilot license woman united states short trips french pilot women lot attention newspapers written clothes flying didn bother harriet liked wear looking clothes ground air flying wore satin flying suits fur gloves high boots wore took greatest challenge going fly english channel pilots dangerous fog hung rough waters hard
paul looked window family mobile home boys didn walking street talking laughing don think living paul mother lay couch closed eyes sleeping won help paul mother supposed don paul turned head wall basketball court re player sure meet paul opened eyes took deep breath ok ma ok maybe meet park play ball boys playing court paul thought need player teams hi paul shyly looks player maybe let answered biggest boy group shoot paul wild jump shot ball bounced rim shoot maybe rebound boy yelled paul angry boys began playing paul moved rebound boy thrown ball boy elbow caught face stopped nose started bleed stupid thing paul walked home angry trying meet guy think anyway
hands sweating forehead dripping body shaking matter re chocolate easter bunny melting sun give oral report uncomfortable give oral report class students hard giving oral reports prepared tips help give oral report give give report think interest classmates choice subjects talk report interesting finding unusual details tell class title listeners attention title article instance article tell million dollars tell lay egg course lay egg million dollars sure title important say give report history salt exciting title called report spice sound want listen report uniforms war ii try find pictures ask grandparents uniforms attics bring show class
green clothes bent table masks faces table covered green sheets small hole sheet eyes green says ok let aims small instrument eye beam light shoots goes eye woman says going operating room hospital green doctors nurses table hospital help piece tissue eye called retina loose retina helps place eye job doctors tiny metal instruments knives job anymore laser light laser light special jobs ordinary light ordinary light colors mixed moving directions eye colors combine look ordinary light kind light coming sun electric light bulb laser light light color moving direction light laser concentrated
rain beat windshield pellets ruts road hundred crooked rivers side road tall trees swayed violently wind sounded voice screaming night florrie frightened grabbed friend jill arm comfort jill staring straight ahead fuzzy lights re luck florrie house florrie looked dashboard eyes wide worried returning trip mountains visited friends school route missed turn unfamiliar territory lost hours pull driveway jill friendly invite stay night jill drove car house dirt driveway let motor run heat stay jill opened car door ran rain house drenched knocked door minute kind looking opened friend lost jill explained raining hard interrupted stay night smile touched jill face thanks sir generous walked halfway car motioned florrie turn engine join
leader dog pack black biggest met leader called cyclops cyclops torn ears thanks blind eye dogs began run barking teeth forget teeth thought picked stone lifted hand stone flew stone hit ugly yellow dog side head dog dropped thought dogs felt stiff fur skin cyclops teeth bit hands let loud yell grabbed cyclops neck lifted dog high threw cyclops pack dog pack kicking hitting picked dog bit face threw tree dog didn smashed cyclops head stick cyclops stopped moving dogs turned tail ran pulled grass wipe blood face hands walked walked past dead broken trees small town full burned buildings tried think things saw dead things earth beautiful earth spoiled air water
thought lor told ago lor money didn belong money prison planet began cook food fire lor lor swim fun river bottom hill took shorts jumped river began swim soon forgot meeting cyclops pack wild dogs minute forgot lor called remembered climbed river let sun dry body put shorts returned cave ate lor cooked didn taste lor cooked criminals didn food food cost lot money thanks lor lied lor looked eye closed opened brought food thanks night stars filled sky lay warm ground looked stars beautiful thought thought stars commander space police spaceship
touch found ago found dead star set small human colony alison lives alien albans killing kidnapped alison say let leave won leave don space police albans kill alison space police ships showed problem commander space police young job save alison help question lane smile yes question friends power speak sign papers free course law help escape lane waved hand want don yes want thought sick leading pig lane
smoke cleared threepio looked artoo detoo called voice full worry smoke cleared bit threepio looked corridor artoo wasn looking threepio frozen attention bending figure white young thin small hand moved front artoo body threepio asked artoo hiding suppose going mines broken extra parts don blow don artoo turned moved quickly threepio raced wait going haven listening artoo hurried corridors halt threepio looked led half ship broke frightened artoo robot reached opened door tiny threepio looked wildly turned artoo re allowed threepio called humans artoo let stream excited whistles beeps threepio listened carefully mission mission adventures chances getting
tatooine twin suns beat luke skywalker noon luke working fields early morning hot tired noises east caught luke attention moving cloud dust coming nearer uncle owen thought luke checking luke stopped rest leaned tall machine machines luke sat rolling hills sand machines pulled water clouds tatooine sand heat luke thought galaxy farm sound uncle owen voice interrupted luke thoughts stop daydreaming luke told daydreaming luke fix broken machines today farm dry blow luke things uncle owen angry don want hear luke job machines running don remember asking luke answered low voice wanted biggs academy going tell uncle owen machines wait owen machines wait biggs wait uncle owen seconds sign cloud dust going east uncle owen soon sight luke moved quickly
landed rough bump hatch opened threepio head poked looked sand threepio saw hills hills sand thank artoo landing call awful insides shaken artoo chirped threepio shook head tatooine beautiful dangerous droids climbed began sand hills hard desert travel fine sand worked bodies heat twin suns dried oil threepio harder artoo hours arms legs squeaking droids forced rest mess threepio asked suffer artoo lot round robot whistled answer artoo threepio rest fall joints frozen lonely place suddenly artoo sharp turn started rocky mountain sand stone threepio looked going yelled stream electronic noises artoo voicebox fault threepio called threepio chased artoo going tough
rats killed wars history rats carry germs germs spread sick die rats attack attack small babies babies die rat bites ways kill rats rat traps rat poison kills rats kill pets child crawling floor eat poison hungry dog eat poison makes animal person sick die rat poison poison called discovered dr adolf says won hurt children pets kill rats poison mixed rat likes eat poison rat stomach soon poison passes blood blood carries poison rat lungs poison makes hard rat breathe air slowly weaker fifteen minutes rat worry rat dead lifting heavy dangerous lots hurt lifting things quarter million hurt lifted things heavy boxes trunks furniture machinery ended hospital wear braces help
tallest building answer empire building york city empire building feet tall floors miles telephone telegraph wires empire building express elevators travel speeds feet minute ground eightieth floor sixty seconds sixteen thousand empire building thirty thousand visit building altogether million visited building opened empire building kinds weather snowing top building raining floors top clouds bottom clear air clear miles top building lightning struck empire building hundred times damage travels building goes ground inside lightning strikes buffalo stood watching stood hungry wolves waiting fight kill end buffalo meal buffalo stood ready lowered head charged hit wolf sharp horns wolf screamed seconds wolf dead
school jane louise smith thought girl married wanted housewife jane wrong left school jane married housewife jane wanted job anyway husband wanted buy house save money jane decided office jane told wrong jane asked kinds skills asked jane jane wanted office job didn skills couldn type couldn shorthand couldn file couldn job office maybe jane learned type file shorthand operate office machine known facts unemployed persons unskilled housewives hold jobs employed women married million women worked jane didn facts indians live amazon jungle famous thing blowgun blowgun blowgun defend enemies hunt animals family eat blowgun hollow tube feet
bridge began sway move strong wind suddenly loud cracking noise heard bridge started move faster give automobile turned wife bridge feels funny think finished sentence yelled bridge collapsing giving terrible roar bridge started topple water help shouted help help bridges collapse bridges won collapse past bridges built bridge didn think fact wind pressure bridge building put strong stand wind blow taller slender buildings sure wind won literally blow higher ground wind stronger likely building oscillate move wind scientists study effect wind pressure buildings sure buildings safe sound move studies scientists wind tunnels tunnels winds feet
sit meal spoons forks knives table tables looked answer questions hands pick food eating pretty messy washing hands mopping large napkins looked towels early history tables simple boards food put makes think word word table arrived english french french word latin tabula meant board word fork comes english word meant pitchfork pitch hay barn fork italy say thomas bring fork england seen italians thought eating neater easier fun called fork carrying traveler word fork spoon comes english spoon called meant chip splinter wood early spoons wood later spoons iron silver word knife spelled english early knives pointed end story wealthy frenchman de richelieu saw guests pick teeth knife
march clock morning catherine genovese coming home walked dark empty street heard turned knife hand raised stabbed god stabbed catherine screamed help help help apartment building raised window let girl shouted windows raised closed stabbed catherine car drove knew killed catherine minutes returned saw catherine trying crawl apartment building stabbed catherine cried help dying help windows opened word windows closed drove catherine crawled apartment building dying wasn dead knew returned found raised knife killed catherine clock morning seen murder called police later police found half hour thirty seen catherine murdered heard cries tried help catherine called police called ambulance
read labels say bother read label package food drugs say don care label says okay business remember don hurt purpose label protect family things harm label helps taking body according law completely truthful misleading read label reading truth anyway government tries eliminate misleading labels guard check label says label fancy sounding foreign mean product comes country thing label manufacturer put place business think government requires buy misleading label put label located armed information complaint heard places write tell manufacturer label lie complaint business bureau community check told
live going sleep say sleep live sleep certainly need sleep person slept kidding course person al live tar paper shack trenton jersey al ninety felt happy healthy visited shack seen unusual thing al bed cot simple reason al slept wink doctors al shack stayed weeks weeks baffled al stopped sleep yes hard al sit rocking chair read sleep night reading al chair find doctors find reason al ability sleep answer question maybe find secret sleep wanted finally doctor thought ask al reason al didn idea
legend story comes past according legend famous inventor named daedalus worked greek king king minos daedalus student talos talented talos talented daedalus afraid talos minos favorite daedalus afraid talos place jealousy daedalus killed talos king minos heard happened angry daedalus decided punish daedalus son icarus huge maze monster lived minos put daedalus icarus maze thought find twisting passageways monster kill daedalus found escape pairs large wings feathers wax icarus put wings flew labyrinth sea icarus flew high heat sun melted wax wings icarus fell sea drowned daedalus escaped minos learned daedalus escaped angry find daedalus minos offered prize person string thread rings sea shell king minos knew daedalus want solve problem prize minos daedalus daedalus solve problem
granddad saying trying easier pretended wanted brick building government place fellows petey believed dad night brought home blanket yes fine blanket petey house wasn kind cry eleven granddad fiddle blanket slid floor took fiddle stood night wasn need say play tunes granddad tuned minute remember thin moon high overhead gentle breeze playing gully hearing granddad play dad moving house want petey wouldn sit porch fine evenings granddad tune changed gayer petey sat stared gully dad marry girl yes girl kissed saying try mother chair creaked tune stopped suddenly granddad poor tune
wasn rains coming early love wheels machinery don raised decent home pa word raised spoke ten young ins allus didn raise young ins jerked em hair head pa jerk hair head didn monkey business strict fashion belonging fashion church jerked hair head decency order hate account pa ma learned lie steal gamble cuss smoke drink tell happened don want blame ma pa regret dying ma pa rains early mountains november big road muddy machinery mean drove dump trucks caterpillar tractors big graders started road place piece machinery didn em big steam shovel
stood putting papers stand making sales ten minutes coming home school taking care newsstand excites maybe traffic trucks cars pound course elevated thunders beat band newsstand big el post stand kind cabin enter side late morning business rushing selling papers father thing don guys gavin father police station complain don father station month ago gang bothering fenway desk sergeant don worry silverstein care re respectable citizen taxpayer re entitled protection care patrolman stood hours gang gavin saw started cop hollered listen don bother fella bother run happened weeks ago gang let
finally reached hotel entered door employees dry cleaning shop brad older guy named carney sitting edge desk carney worked shift told crazy afternoon midnight asked rotten carney desk put coat pay cassatt leave cassatt owned shop yeah carney told tell leave monday forgot forgot gotta phone number written wall won weekend hey listen jam lend bucks sorry kid carney haven loot weekend date tomorrow night break need dough tough kid wish help brad looked machine heard conversation carney think slips suits pick aah nuts breath started look suit orders look kind upset boy brad matter yeah brad let handle machine
making short cut quiet path side park beautiful tree foaming white blossoms call english flowers flowers russian fellow gonna pick bouquet lady friend don fellow joined place stopped pick pick idea pick flowers bouquet lady friends spoil tree brains want friends nice young lady ask walk tell gonna show bouquet bigger house bouquet growing ground interesting chance acquainted re walking maybe invite ice cream won listen break tree tear arms legs wolves jumping jumping gonna biggest branch makes sick personally ashamed give lady flowers prefer buy shows respect don give suddent fellow biggest bunch climbed top branches tie shoelace hold bouquet minute
generally suit fifteen dollars alterations included argue hour alterations coat perfect fit merchant told harry think sucker insist sleeves shoulders loose reason merchants tolerated reputation dressed sell suit lot free advertising bring lot young fellows store fellows buy suits regular prices harry nuisance moment purchase begin talk reciprocity basis american business begin sell merchant earthquake insurance brand succeed sorts business bought earthquake insurance stop harry talking took granted quoted chisel proof prices regular prices customers feel pleases think put harry quiet laugh san joaquin valley nearly ruined severe frost wiped crop grapes oranges harry drove country
early houses lived climbed trees fled beasts forests climbed trees pick fruits grew retreated caves found sides hills mountains forests homes live months desired learned push large rocks front entrance wild animals finally learned build fire caves protect wild animals warm early grew hungry places buy wanted eat stores days eat find nature provided ate food found nearest hand wild berries fruits ripe ate eagerly times feasted nuts acorns roots bark kinds leaves herbs found honey tree ate later ate fish birds eggs ago early learned eat flesh animals stones picked streams clubs found forests killed smaller animals
step forward learned start fire find important things fire learn burn sharp point end wooden spear shape handles clubs hatchets find fire shaping weapons tools stone course knows found cooking makes food guess discovery accident early found bird small animal roasted fire case learned cook food important discovery step upward climb living person told cooking knew trying ways cooking cave dwellers gradually discoveries learned roast meat hanging poles flames fire later discovered pots clay fill water boil food finding kind cooking led later discovery learned clay heated hard discovered fire making pottery cave cave woman shaped soft clay bowls cups pots jars baked hard
getting food primitive chief business naturally spent deal thought weapons litle learned improve thousands killing animals distance fight savage beasts hand flint hatchets fighting course dangerous learned spear hunting difficult changed bow arrow killing animal greater distance hunter hide clump bushes kill animals killed kill easily danger able kill birds flew animals ran forest bow arrow gave protection gave food till fewer starved death course weapons gradually bow arrow passed learned kinds wood bows found cut skin stronger string bow gradually arrows straighter sharper
boiler room climbed spiraling iron staircase leading bowels tramp steamer queen india docked addis reaching upper deck wiped greasy hand perspiring forehead leaving streaked grime morgan walked rail leaned heavily dock vendors shouted wares multitude onlookers freight agents dock hands laboriously loaded varied produce desert farms ship camels donkeys heavily laden wares vendors milled crowd superbly high pitched voices owners makes think barkers coney island morgan nostalgically didn answer gaze left crowd traveled narrow cobblestoned street led pier coming group horsemen distance natives heads moving left rode forward hoofs horses ringing stones seconds gaze rest riders flowing robes fascinated turned attention magnificent animals rode heard tales horses owned feared known bedouins supreme rulers desert traveling coast arabia seen
dog stood listening quietly seconds stall running past row empty stalls rear barn finally room sprang inside sniffing eyes alert voice end room sa sebastian tony dog ran sat chair holding leather straps lap sebastian threw front paws knee let rub head feelin tony laughed feelin wan young fella si sebastian hands rubbed dog ears small puppy ears sebastian maybe leetle bit call da bloodhound dog barked gaze leaving tony moving corner room burst speed room running past stalls door bright sunlight stopped undecided turned head looking street brown house left looked opposite direction green field adjacent barn eyes wooden fence encircled field hollow south end hesitation ran wooden barred gate entrance field dashed underneath lowest cross bar tearing grass hollow
alec mother stood quietly porch son husband walked small dark sedan parked curb gaze wavered car moment took barn green field street returned sedan motor caught afraid afraid horse bring horse horse led alec undertakings experienced undertakings adventurous exciting husband meant months anguish concern closed eyes think husband words early morning lain bed horse belle drive shouldn try detected note pride voice added remember wild black stallion took belle henry told seen alec ride tame horse set foot track belle grew grew turned seen worried hand patting disturbed belle pony getting today pony enjoy sebastian
ted don kite kite joe help help kite don run ted run kite sail run ted run joe pug help run kite ted home pug home play don look ted pug help kite sail ted pug play mother look jan cake mother jan cake mother cake play jan play jan doll mother play doll let doll mother doll jump jump jump jump jan look gail look kim jump rope jump jump fun gail let jump jump rope look jan fun kim pug gail let pug jump rope jump pug gail jan jump let jump
pug ran rope jump jan gail help pug pug jan jump rope help jump look pug gail ran rope jump pug run jump look pug jan fun pug ted bob bob boat boat bob sail sail boat jan play sue sue frog frog sue hop frog hop look bob ted jan fast look sue jan fast fun look sue jan sue fun bob ted ran sue sue bob ted help fun sue fun ted sue fast jan big box ted look big box truck ted jan let box jan box ted big green let look ted jan
student college bruce jenner active sports received share injuries playing football hurt knee metal staple put knee weldon coach knew jenner deal athletic ability weldon took bruce told decathlon ten event track meet begun ancient greeks sports believe decathlon demanding sporting events weldon later jenner coach dream gave trouble told bruce jenner worked hard ran decathlon field thirty bruce sixth events tried convinced bruce jenner decathlon met married worked bruce supreme goal olympic decathlon money earn money needed quit school flight attendant airline gave bruce valuable training needed jenner flew munich germany entered olympic decathlon bruce finished tenth felt set sights olympics montreal canada knew ahead tough moved san jose california
steve garvey spent wish drafted los dodgers minors hit season steve full student important garvey earned college degree special education married steve moved majors began playing dodgers played base ball hit threw fast wild steve starting injured played games majors played games hits steve garvey began season outfielder pinch hitter later switched base steve season batting average regular baseman steve garvey star ballot million fans wrote season end garvey dodger hero named national league valuable player led dodgers series steve garvey dodger star dream true later
fifteen jack played big tour amateur united states amateur bobby jones watched jack sidelines jack nervous blew shots lost match later bobby jones talked jack jones jack won ohio open later finished high school jack college offers schools wanted golf teams jack father suggested ohio university education play golf words rang true jack won united states amateur title ohio jack met barbara bach love sight jack barbara married honeymoon jack won united states amateur held office job barbara child golf big sport lure jack strong big decision left secure job jack golf pro promised barbara home longer weeks broken promise tournament jack won soon top beat arnold palmer united states open bobby jones knew arnold palmer handsome trim tanned large loyal
skilled ride hawaii mountainous waves surfers settle smaller seas shorter rides detract thrill challenging wave modest racing beach south pacific centuries natural island existence dominated sea huge breakers crash shores hawaiian polynesian history filled hymns chants appealing spirits big surf captain james cook famous explorer discovered hawaii astonished skimming water polished boards describing strange sight diary captain cook wrote place summit largest wave driven rapidly shore hawaiian kings princes captain cook cut sacred trees carved surfboards solid wood called boards feet weighed pounds today sleek fiberglass surfboards weigh pounds seldom longer feet built speed ease handling surfboard construction changed technique surfing changed surfer selects promising wave slides face wave rolls beach bigger wave faster longer ride greater thrill experienced surfers feet quickly wave
nose board tips tail rises surfer feels awesome energy sea beneath quickly feet moves forward board instant judge size speed direction wave waves grip roaring water surfer lifted flung forward flying face wave terribly steep stinging spray whips air surfer wonders stay ahead wall water roll avalanche experienced surfers plan rides observing waves break riding angle face wave direction wave running surfer longer smoother ride idea slide wave straight staying ahead break ride depends surfer change direction stay wave surfboard turned shifting weight side lowers side water creates friction drag making board turn direction surfboard steering wheel rudder controlled rider body movement torque turn twisting turn surfer leans body direction pushes feet hard opposite side arms shoulders help swing board sharp turn
pattern sets fourth wave group larger learning recognize patterns part surfer education competition bigger wave selects chances getting fast wild ride real thrills surfing riding curl top wave starts spill break surfer crouches low board slides diagonally wave ahead break speed water forms canopy head takes perfect timing control ride curl surfer slows tube danger engulfed breaking wave happens driven bottom tons water surfing known going falls staying board end ride important safety beach surfers kick shuffling quickly rear board pushes tail deeper water slows board surfer turns swinging nose kicking technique surfer picked poor wave big handle picks speed surfer forces rear board backward stall putting brakes
mind leave place exciting dismal swamp thought remember andrew invited spend summers cousin anne huge peanut farm swamp pulled magnet farm bottom pastures separated mild beginnings swamp wandering stream summer spent hours exploring prickles ran spines stood big eyed silent hoping hear distant twig snap echo stillness past grown bolder crossing stream venturing swamp wild passages knew realize easily confused quickly hopelessly lost end summer lean dark haired boy appeared sally andrew barn helping farm milk borrow ax boy ax politely thank left silently sally andrew tell boy strange speaking dignity solemn face local farm boys pressed farm workman live think moccasins
sally saw hawks circling silently asked omen birds robin signal quickly andrew flashing times stop times stop distant mockingbird answered efforts sally spirits sinking maybe easing foot loose board andrew didn answer thought seen yes quick bright flash swamp border pines seen andrew sally sat nearer slithering roof dropping ground ran slope wide pastures leaping cow paths panting grass finally reached shallow stream splashed robin leaning carelessly pine trunk side foot tree smiled hello hi andrew grinned robin sally unable believe dark winter felt shy glad glad signal look andrew wanted improve skill saw robin wondering wanted camping sally yes robin found place sally realized waiting marvelous soon tomorrow robin answered
finally put extra socks thin rubber boots kind shoes toothbrushes bird book matches added tin plates spoons forks knives tin cups put soap washing clothes sunny pail minute borrowed small pair cousin anne clippers vines bug spray andrew binoculars compass belt sally put signal mirror pocket ready robin house neatly wrapped bundle hammocks rope slung shoulder small ax belt flashlights andrew ran steps greet loaded bye cousin anne tomorrow check want hear re alive course alive andrew knapsacks full die broken backs remember ounce prevention worth pound cure word mean andrew walked driveway means queer looking sandy place walk going ending stuck quicksand sally robin laughed
felix shook head smiled room girls mighty strange minute feel bang change sarah dressed quickly late liked del father mother ran favorite eating place young city loved spicy smell corned beef big dill pickles liked activity going working del feel part young activities eyes bad thought pinned small cap head maybe look let called felix coming answered sarah ran front door started trouble felix asked sister jumped seat asked center mixer mike fisher course mom dad sarah pulled car mirror began check hair don say felix let mike going sarah matter factly don going change minds going mixer mike going stop
mike felix dressing room heard boys laughing told joke funny asked mike talking swim meet swimmer replied remember felix locked bathroom hotel yeh added young named budd didn curls combed hair don forget tell slept floor big feet feet took room bed felix teased ago felix learned tell joke knew boys liked laugh felix laugh didn feel funny felix remembered meet team manager trip fun felix felt part team sat bare feet pushed front careful talk beautiful big feet told group remember going throw felix pool motel asked budd yes clothes added felix thing saved budd tell begged newer members team
mike felix del practice felix felt tired ready face today felt tired thought push mind meet budd swim strokes felix butterfly surely coach top swimmers going team manager swum break minute told stand think going meet reasons wanted meet rushing felix mind father mother proud swimming team knew cost money practice sarah sarah told feel swim team felix felt part crowd team member eat sight sighed mike felix stopped car front del mike threw head sniffed mmm lead sarah mike sister mary working counter felix mike entered cafe
chester family moved ranch texas molly frank liked ride horses grassy range rode hill side watered horses small stream liked sit stream horses drank sat shade scrub oak branch scrub oak stripped bark flash lightning big storm ago storms ranch chesters moved morning chester molly frank sat breakfast mrs chester brought sausage pancakes sausage chester pancakes frank chesters enjoying breakfast listened radio heard music news happening country suddenly heard bell sound radio special news weather voice cold front moving north wind strong bring dust rain chester molly frank careful ride morning cold front bad dust rain means big storm molly frank thought horses sure storm breaks father
wally winkler barn summer morning feed horse climbed ladder hayloft picking armload hay heard strange sound woo woo wally woo woo wally wally looked rafter hayloft saw thin white corner hayloft think misty cloud looked grow looked tall thin snowman big black holes eyes asked wally spooky replied queer thing voice half whisper half sigh wrong asked wally spooky sighed deeply sad lonesome ghost find place haunt shook crying haven friends family sorry spooky wally terrible friends family spooky stopped shaking sighed lonesome sigh haunt asked wally spooky sadly believes ghosts find place haunt wally thought minute cried suddenly place haunt mother dad going trip going ghost town wouldn place
wicked daughter mother send clara apples cruel mother clara forest clara reached fire twelve asked warm certainly child january looking clara mother told bring home apples dare disobey january gave stick september poked fire clara saw apple tree covered ripe apples hurry child pick fruit september clara picked large red apples thanked september hurried september gave stick january january poked fire covered snow ice clara reached home mother demanded apples yes mother answered clara gave mother fruit mother gave apples laura ate asked sister find large red apples forest answered clara big apple tree covered morning wicked daughter hand coat shawl mother going forest pick violets strawberries apples want mother helped put coat shawl laura started forest found violets strawberries apples
mark lost soaking wet caught storm lightning flashed house side road closer pale hand window motioned mark afraid choice door marked black fox inn stayed kids bike trail thought knocked softly harder slowly door creaked open voice want storm mark answered door opened wider tall bent leaned guest put bony hand mark shoulder led cold room smiled coldly mark noticed walked limp saw dim light slumped chair pale woman standing window guests tall home tonight sir smiled pointed stairway mark stood thank sir stay looked mark stairs stay mark found room top stairs wondered real person house decided bed opening door found rows clothing shoes size closet
willie wore blue tennis shoes brown cap rode rusty red bicycle didn beard willie lived mother rosa rickety house field rosa ninety walked fields bare feet early spring pick dandelion greens sell mom older kids wouldn eat mom washed times fixed vinegar bacon taste rosa bare feet youngest sister peggy liked rosa dandelions peggy visited taking flowers washing dishes peggy helping rosa willie showed shiny bike silver blue words silver streak printed side kitchen let kids ride rosa look kids believed peggy told bike jan someday let ride end summer rosa ill willie didn rusty red bike mom help care rosa talk doctor knew rosa sick
brad lived southside apartment remember home going move brad father going city move brad mom didn want leave apartment thing maybe apartment tried tell brad brad didn southside lots kids age ball team park block liked living floor liked walking stairs feel important brad father built shelf models box baseball equipment wouldn able things apartment boy named roger moving roger lived farm house porch larger big yard lots room run roger want move southside apartment saturday move boys met brad showed roger shelf dad built models box sports equipment took small bedroom roger boys looked bedroom window street brad ball park corner shopping center distance
began ask wash hands meals drink milk bed regular bedtime received answers satisfied grew older began want exact informaton satisfy told drink milk helps build strong bones teeth want milk body needs bone building bones drink facts science help find ways living healthful scientists discovered facts studying human beings need healthy bodies healthy minds facts science learned study health facts learned germs protect diseases catching facts food sure getting kinds food wish discussion class facts science members class ways facts help understand health habits healthy happy living
experience communicable disease important part health history communicable disease illness caused germs spread sick person person boys girls communicable diseases common communicable diseases childhood measles chicken pox mumps unlikely suppose boys girls school measles knowledge measles helpful teacher doctor nurse school knowing communicable diseases keeps parents worrying diseases common communicable disease illness common cold colds absences school illness boys girls colds recover quickly stay home drink plenty liquids warm quiet boys girls colds colds longer usual cold frequent lasting colds lead trouble loss hearing lasting nose throat infection
fun test strong balance stunt called eleven boys girls physically fit learning wise stand twelve inches wall balance feet wall standing hands start raising leg forward lifting arms high head bring raised foot step ahead bend forward downward place hands shoulder width mat floor weight resting hands feet kicked overhead touch wall lightly feet balance seconds bend hips bring legs try wall help helper stands facing duty catch ankles help feel balance tell watch feet kick avoid hurt getting feel balance stunts games helps posture members class cameras plan snapshots class standing sitting walking playing games paste snapshots scrapbook page member
didn blood running floor pain began jabs blood spurted place shot began burn tore knew help pulled room cot standing foot reached phone wall took receiver pushed hook answered room started hold phone falling found crank side phone turned crank woman yes look shot leg help bleeding bleed death don help send room started black put head phone woman voice sounded loud dropped receiver hear able bring receiver ear woman saying listen listen hear yes hear send help listen lady don hunting lost storm sound
shot reason let freeze death papers floor closet wood woodbox matches matches fire stop baby mad hit receiver hook dragged room newspaper jammed stove put small pieces wood paper put big pieces wood top held match paper felt working don cot phone started ring let ring told couldn let ring pulled took receiver yes fire sure fire listen find coffeepot closet coffee fill pot water house snow put coffee let cook don want coffee want rest don want coffee going try mess want coffee put say thing asked loosen towel
finally half aloud foolish danger want kill child quietly bobby room moonlight saw lying sound asleep stood looking feel love pain chest thought loved threatened harm poor eyes fear child blind operations save sight handicap glasses father death terror filled hard remember knew fear begun began bobby vacation left drove store mile house beach maybe walked dock shirley thought saw glasses living room table stood looking surprise glasses clearly standing wondering heard car stop heard bobby cry ran door saw cut face frightened
moment saw clunk jeff heart girls leave nuisance month ago night term dance house hill town penny waiting pretty dress moment tell truth month ago jerry laughed trouble tried reasonable girl telling trying past girls proper place important hockey football hiking jeff found hard believe happened month ago whistling night remembered packed stuff supermarket worked saturday apron ridden bike cheerfully road soft loose snow small bright house bottom hill hi mom cooking house food mother replied shortly looking steamed glasses need plenty serve lot mom ran stairs whistling
jeff choice high school principal understanding letting hours morning principal known dad war knew hard jeff mother ends meet friend promised pinch hit supermarket hold job afternoon wisely asked questions night night moment arrived jeff climbed costume puss boots unhappy disgusted showing mask saved thankful covered face eyes walked children shoe department felt going firing squad saved child saw mommy breathed small voice look look puss boots happiness small eyes gave courage jeff suddenly found puss boots voice queer deep voice rise moments high cat squeal thing easy local paper gave boost reporter interview puss boots department store paper actor reporter asked happen start career puss boots jeff tapped boots thoughtfully replied uppers
true story happened guess call ghost story decide read story began school party pal mine school party graduation remember happened yesterday kissed mom night told early told dad let family car backed garage headed dick house dick friend guy give shirt needed known spare spent twins close dick lived blocks pulled front place half past honked horn couple times waited dick dick flashed porch light signal meant heard blowing horn started rain waiting dick kicked bringing raincoat front door opened dick putting coat jumped porch sidewalk
feeling lot times walked mike sure smiled saw howie knew turned look thought feel eyes howie remember passed girls friend boy high school howie short walked tall friends looked shorter howie felt short terrible thing spent hours thinking spent trying change exercises knew stronger big hope exercises taller knew howie saw shortness players knew fast coaches saw head game knew hard worked tried friends liked happy ways howie laughed short wasn funny wasn funny loved sports dream sports howie tried wanted play football playing warmed bench played games basketball
hello called howie voice rang house hello called maggie lower floor howie looked table door picked letter ran stairs room dropped books fell chair letter looked howie turned hands slowly opened letter money amount number bills letters month money meant lot howie things fellow needed wasn money letters wait month sign thinking letter meant today knew sender howie thought past working didn hurt think mother father killed car accident howie thought living mrs money accident howie knew uncle lived south howie glad judge agreed coach offer foster home
saturday morning howie awoke early dressed quickly kitchen found coach making breakfast morning howie coach mind hurry black maria think bumps short later coach howie drove sporting goods store owned bumps golf pro bumps liked things sports boys bumps store place boys gathered big room store boats bumps let boys fix cars bikes wasn busy help mike fisher howie high school boys worked bumps howie mike boys talked problems bumps morning door open coach howie hurried stood bumps mike looking proudly black maria eyes shining wow howie beauty black shiny patrol wagon look motor coach looks brand bumps going fishing trips coach plenty room boys equipment howie ran look stretched benches ran side wagon
felt air walked gym room afternoon spinning bright image murky water dressed hurriedly dinner inn surely beginning career devon explained wonderfully going ardent letter walked holding running intoxicating exercise power arrived inn released dive river washed boyhood stood clean happy wondering dreamily hushed dining room pervaded atmosphere middle aged gentility characteristic inns boys schools dull walnut woodwork pink green wallpaper depicting colonial scenes virginal fireplace end room lawrence saw dinner partners huddled corner table wheeled past empty tables bright white cloths silver realized dimly murmuring groups dining room thin frame unfolding chair muttering introductions vinnie say lawrence recognized vinnie james vice chairman senior council calm blond bostonian allowed articulate chose sure stately cadence charles
earth turning wintery season steam heat arrived filled inhabited room school steam hissed clanged power shut slowly heat drained spirit dried healthy faces freshest skin usual number colds appeared usual amount force faded lectures application homework usual apathy slipped school radiators winter lawrence moved steaming box crossing sharp drily cold outdoors felt strength grow waned learned study systematically responses class apt laconic teachers noticeably interested winning opinion remarks glance smile knowingly resolve find free spent watching athletics religiously major sports football games football drill enjoying moment captain marvel brilliant play feel uneasy guilty watched soccer track tennis squash winter sports replaced watched basketball wrestling boxing hockey fencing fall played intramural football generally inept abstracted startle including brilliantly skillful play
putting galoshes virgil asked walk home proving intentions shrugged shoulders suit free country sounded nonchalant actually afire puzzling feeling preceded age roughneck fond indian wrestling addicted swearing vulnerable love romances melancholy throat eyes hot stomach uneasy brains ingersoll bones felt coming loose leaving schoolyard rat friend mine fact virgil predecessor planned grow gracefully dicky scott saw yelled red kiss fella sorry specs loop dizzy virgil put books lunch box stone wall say knife hard snowball caught dicky chin surprising stood gaping making attempt retaliate children witnessed episode called atta boy meade tell em partner dicky simply savage society de rigueur applaud cast stone
found pounds short accounts angry talk prosecuting sam shrewdly bostonians mad stamp tax forgot scandal elected massachusetts house representatives colonial politicians depend slim salaries public office sam remained poor dedication dream rule insisting colonists suffering intolerable oppression crown americans fact satisfied considered patriotic britons chief complaint americans today increasing taxes unfair levied sam seized issue fan flames popular indignation making rounds boston taverns built cells opposition grew angry patriot clubs secret societies began spreading england tories contemptuously called troublemaker sam innkeeper boston taverns true cradle american revolution sam political boss wasn public speaker voice quavered hands shook palsy superb conspirator loved manipulate events scenes wrote inflammatory speeches whig orators organized opposition crown town meetings protest letters papers stirred mobs violence
positive opposed independence absolutely wrong stopped yelling idiots cranky crusty righteous john adams stubbornly convinced sense dour occupy loved place history popular patriots envied washington jefferson franklin statues monuments erected sighed romances written flattering orations spoken transmit posterity brilliant colors reason predicted wounded vanity history revolution lie beginning end history books insist grumbled franklin franklin franklin damned thing franklin smote ground sprang george washington fully grown horse franklin electrified miraculous lightning rod franklin washington horse conducted entire revolution franklin turn called john honest wise things absolutely senses farmer son john adams born braintree quincy massachusetts october fifteen sturdy lad blazing blue eyes light brown hair enjoyed braintree wanted remain farmer
congress settled duel conciliation liberty led pennsylvanian john dickinson insisted king sending peace commissioners foolhardy congress rash action crown chance offer compromise john adams scoffed hopes bubble arrant illusion hatched brain enthusiast politician maniac forged front leader radicals ahead sam primarily interested massachusetts john obsessed dream continental government emphasized quarrelsome points thumping floor hickory walking stick refused shut conservatives grew increasingly furious passionate speeches impatience disagreement absolute conviction unable win independence fell swoop john tried sneak piece persuaded colony colony imitate massachusetts setting independent government south carolina march john exulted north carolina virginia follow south carolina spread rest colonies electric fire advancing slow sure steps mighty revolution greatest resistance middle colonies york pennsylvania jersey maryland harder pressed stubbornly resisted john pleas unity breaking england
chisholm prison spreading structure granite stories high stood center acres open space surrounded stone wall eighteen feet high smoothly finished offer foothold climber escape cell impossible climb wall times armed guards yard patrolling side prison building night yard brilliantly lighted sides arc light rose prison wall gave guards clear view wires fed arc lights ran side prison building insulators top story wires led poles supporting arc lights things noted thinking machine closely barred cell window standing bed morning locked cell gathered river lay wall heard faintly droning motorboat high air saw river bird direction shouts boys play occasional crack batted ball knew prison wall river open space playground chisholm prison regarded absolutely safe escaped
warden spent hour wondering sort code professor half hour wondering attempt communicate dr warden devoted thought question prisoner obtained writing materials sort writing materials warden examined piece linen edges ragged torn part white shirt prisoner write warden knew impossible obtained pen pencil morever pen pencil writing warden decided investigate personally warden cell found thinking machine hands knees floor engaged alarming catching rats prisoner heard warden step turned quickly disgraceful snapped rats scores able stand warden shirt let tried contact dr warden severely prisoner duty put stop prisoner arose floor removed white shirt putting striped convict shirt warden brought warden took white shirt eagerly compared linen code written torn places shirt
moment heard steady scrape scrape jailer crept cautiously tiptoe door peered bars thinking machine standing iron bed working bars window file judging backward forward swing arms cautiously jailer office summoned warden returned cell tiptoe steady scrape audible warden listened satisfy suddenly appeared door demanded triumphant smile face thinking machine leaped suddenly perch bed frantic efforts hide warden hand extended give prisoner sharply give urged warden don want search repeated prisoner file asked warden thinking machine silent stood squinting warden close disappointment face warden sympathetic plan number fails eh asked bad prisoner answer search instructed warden jailer searched prisoner carefully artfully concealed waistband trousers found piece steel inches side curved half moon ah warden received jailer
rusty ship called dorchester hard working freighter early war ii luck carry safely ocean soldiers dorchester glad voyage begin soon trained hard fight war finally dawn dorchester began journey moved slowly massachusetts harbor open sea joined convoy group ships sailing protect dorchester slowest ships convoy took place middle passed board knew convoy headed greenland unhappy going trained fight desert expected north africa nearly greenland lies arctic circle island covered thick coating ice live south coast coast cold foggy swept cruel blizzards stay place greenland lonely unhappy chaplains knew knew hardest job fighting soldiers loneliness chaplain belonged faith joined army reason
plants grow seas antarctica full birds mammals feed sea found icy coasts penguins seals whales live explorers south pole able settle antarctica known continent bottom lay hidden wall ice snow wind cold defeated antarctica blank space maps dared sail antarctica sea looking whaling areas land continent soon england france nations claiming parts icy american named richard byrd led expedition antarctica claimed large area united states expedition sailed ross sea bay whales bay whales set base named america richard byrd navigate airplane flight south pole experience daring navy byrd twelve traveled friend richard father lived philippines invited richard visit richard home
opened found snow drifted exit byrd cleared snow decided dig tunnel needed snow buried cabin winter set byrd check wind meter cabin snug blizzard howling byrd checked meter quickly hurried door closed snow drifting frozen shut antarctica terrible winter winds cold bring quick death byrd tried desperately open door needed tool saw left storm shovel working feverishly byrd finally door open weeks richard byrd daily schedule collection weather records grew worked building tunnel suddenly began feel weak dizzy blinding pain head eyes eat sudden sickness puzzled finally byrd guessed caused small stove cabin warm smoke fumes fuel rose pipe surface winter storms packing snow ice pipe happened fumes escape drifted cabin poisoning air dangerous gas
sue ran apartment mrs bell mrs bell cried ghost apartment mrs bell ghost think called ask home ann school sue picked phone heard phone fall home find asked mrs bell apartment cat asleep sue mother ghost ghost big apartment house sue mrs bell comes house put phone yes sue call apartment mrs bell let going ring ring ring picked phone sue heard phone fall mrs bell looked sue let mrs bell think ghost sue looked apartment didn house mrs bell put phone call stay sue afraid sat big chair sat ready ghost ring sue jumped noise ring sue heard ghost phone ring sue looked picked phone sue saw phone fall
mike eating bob jan mike don play lunch re big boy mother jan mike jan baby mother bob chair ride park asked yes don late mother bob asked mike re ride mother mike big fun big mike play tiny find cat end street mike saw working big holes walked watch holes big pipes mike looked pipes tail tiny mike shouted cat cried pipe mike cat cat tiny didn cat pipes soon full water tiny cried mike tiny tiny didn mike looked pipe couldn tiny mike put arm pipe
big plump dog patch gray stayed tony house times tony mother gave eat big knew dark big pranced house tony yard going sleep brisk trot ran street hill hill let hello big max glad big eat sleep ate hill let brisk trot big ran tony house ate knew big big max dog big running cat forgot big late tony mother eat tony father called police lost dog called big plump patch gray glum voice call find policeman street hill thought big max late hill called police lost dog called big max plump patch gray glum voice
joe looked father looked robe wore left pounds days wasn sick strong quiet carefully ironed faded robe wrap thin body washed protective thing holding gently left boy looked mother keyed tonight blame things wrong joe walked hall closet shoebox sat chair nearest father re pop blame paul try home important joe picked clean rag crowded box began snap expensive looking shoes want isaac brooks leaned closer son brother studying quietly don study graduating thursday kind studying don need pop davey davey opens book think read anyway thursday give piece paper working boy steady rhythm snapping rag listen joseph
joe watching brother handsome dark face knew story worked david baby fifteen joe stories thinking looking scratched beige alarm clock broken fixed brothers joe suddenly felt older seventeen david saw staring clock heard pop going warwick joe david flinched stupor joey managed say don joey don mess warwick paul eyeglasses david eyes staring panic voice tight warwick kill kill kill joey won easy joe room stopped saw easel paul easel braced makeshift fluorescent light joe looked heavy buff colored paper held easel masking tape penciled sketch black infant boy prophet eyes looked paul joe asked david staring brother joe asked early morning stopped momma left joe turned fluorescent light saw baby fantastically lifelike eyes looked paul turned light maybe talk warwick going david announced longer stiff joe snapped fast david flinched
joe walked young hoodlums unafraid davey rep basketball joe street fighting warlord royals knew fight ago forgotten needed kind strength boys afraid joe warwick joe find don warwick don silly guys boys imitating woman voice want treat brooks warwick guy swinging trees minutes ago boy giggled tarzan giggled main monkey warwick important fell sky yeah started laughing hard wait maybe help brooks scientific word war mean fight agreed wick find stuck middle candle yeah yeah looking talking bout candle joe walked couldn win wrong boys laughing hard slapping hands candle walk heard say don mean fight bout candles candle expert
floor building combined mess crew duty room keeper room storeroom room contained breeches buoys signals rockets car tools apparatus save lives doors wide heavy opening sloping platform boats quickly pulled beach door opposite side case boats travel overland floor contained cots space survivors hauled dead alive ocean space filled occasion minutes clock jabez older wound lookout cupola watch mark asked squinting futilely window nothin rain surf mad exchanged uncertain worried looks ladder mess mug coffee high flagstaff signal passing ships international flags bent force wind rain slanted low dunes flatten clumps grass inland handful trees dodged frantically clinging roots worst storms tide flooded banks chain narrow barren islands currituck sound roanoke sound sound core sound ocean shallow sounds east fresh water tainted salt making brackish home fish crab oysters clams scallops
boo dog began barking males ben yelled quiet grabbed scruff whacked looked sea trying pierce darkness crashing rows breakers hoping spot mast secreted night towering waves looking surf line turned froth thick boiling sand pale crimson final glows flare saw awful sight splintered timbers broken spars rigging trailing kind debris seen bad stretched shadows side small group beginning spread beach ben knew meant ship died help launch double ended boat line board search bodies hope survived lone standing cart despair face lit making sentinel ben quickly recognized commander heron station kin ben banks flare caught began burn casting hellish glow shining reddened skin glanced ben welcome look vapor nostrils mouth winding wind
breathing hard arms aching haul ben kicked door open stood threshold burden cheeks felt flaming cold exertion mama girl half mebbe dead rachel sucked breath rose quickly dropping sewing table put couch ben gently lowered survivor mother bent pulling damp coat girl head opening rest envelope lifted thin limp wrist held finger ben watched breathing hard studying blue white face girl sure looked dead pulse rachel straightened making plans chewing lower lip nervous habit let hurry ben build fire need hot water pull small bed women banks known emergency share mid helping births doctors nearest manteo emergencies keepers womenfolk doctors mrs big village amputated husband leg sting ray poisoned nice job doc ben began wood stove mother added turned
chigs turned driveway home smiled brother playing basketball brother mine playing basketball don remember wasn rain snow stop boy laughed chigs spare getting ready decided shoot baskets brother dinner boy basket waved wildly saw red car pull driveway chigs unfold car stood straight tall pass held hands ball young boy grinning pass yelled ball speeding chigs waiting hands chigs dribbled ball nearer basket tall touch basket jumping part beautiful picture motion faked pass boy dropped ball basket perfectly timed jump brother quick ball carefully dribbled basket hand set shot upward minute ball wait rim basket dropped yeah ah yelled boy bad bud re getting chigs space fingers arms closer sides chigs bounce pass bud
teams calling members hear moment coach held high boys moment team lost sea students center city team started leave floor ginny cheer leaders pushed chigs wonderful chigs wonderful cried threw arms chigs didn words floor found saying wonderful winter dance thinking winter dance night wished dared ask ginny dance planned asked minute felt nervous game ginny smiled black eyes sparkled pleasure yes team leaving floor chigs ran catch boys tired warm felt wonderful things happening center city high showers noisy minutes players yelled cool night air felt players left school headed cars team center city rained hard game barely sprinkling
dull sound tires hitting soft dirt car left road spatter small stones hitting underside car heard brakes caused wheels dig soft ground car leaning suddenly rolling things jumble inside car heavy dull sound bending metal heard car rocked side side resting top ditch coach speak hurt answered boys asked howie legs mike added chigs mike asked coach yes mike think window howie chigs coach leaned put hand chigs guess chigs couldn answer hit head howie mike pulled windows crawl seat mike windows broken front ahead chigs coach give push chigs started raise body ouch foot caught door sit help coach
roberto wanting ask mary party weeks couldn bring drive house wanting stop foot brake pedal voice inside forget say roberto pulling mary driveway sitting minutes realized didn nerve backed drove don ask mary soon going party roberto friend ted told morning ate breakfast nervous don sweat ask easy say roberto answered re born flirt feel flying coop mary ask party want ted asked course roberto answered don understand stopping ted frown let swim maybe help forget troubles boys roberto car drove swimming pool water felt roberto jumped pool splash ted swam pool roberto began feel asking mary give try told
george part family adopted young tim found branch tree front yard george easy love purr rub tim leg sit tim lap tim watched tv read book tim parents sure idea taking stray kitten george soon won sure george ate weeks scrawny ribs covered cat fat wouldn mrs trap door door george wanted months george began act strange ways stay late sleep fussy kind food eat started put weight happened george didn home friday night saturday tim looked looked house garage looked neighborhood looked trees front yard tim couldn find george home early helped tim look tim bed night tears eyes sob throat
carl liked hands mom dad nice things fixed things house asking neighbors bike clock fix mother carl don clean spot garage fix shop thanks mom carl let shop cleaned spot garage put sign carl fix shop neighborhood looking business ended plenty clocks tools flashlights sorts things fix wasn handle hired help didn told mother kid fix things paid dollars hour worked carl weeks asked raise dollars hour forget kid carl told don okay quit loud voice haven heard pay stinks don business license run place lost carl yelled don
joey running hoped outrun cop headed park wasn dark park lights joey run tried stay shadows bridle path heard engine bike coming joey ran faster headed woods kid bike passed going goody goody benny ginsburg thought joey saw sure joey puffing breath sweat ran face running bushes threw caps bushes joey took running ran couldn run anymore stopped hid tree joey held breath listened longer hear policeman looked tree cop talking benny joey couldn hear benny telling policeman knew benny seen joey caught breath wiped sweat face bottom shirt tells thought joey sure joey saw benny follow policeman park waited sure stepped tree headed ice cream parlor knew bobby waiting saw bobby drinking coke
night trail blazers meeting held frankie garage frankie called meeting order minutes read dues collected treasurer gave report trail blazers club frankie asked business tina raised hand tried talking father place ride tina think starting listen finding safe places ride club biggest problems meeting industrial park find places asked frankie benny raised hand frankie called dad says empty lot store benny father owned store bikes motorcycles sold problems lot frankie walk pushing bike middle town thing lot small bumpy ideas fix lot began benny leave bikes benny stopped dead stared garage double doors left open joey stood doorway bobby friends looking mean tough joey pointed benny joey want talk private meeting frankie members
tina father town council lot help getting safe place ride maybe talk finding place tina hey frankie kids organize races skill games put show wear helmets show class benny worried joey couldn excited tina father girls bye frankie bye directions classes benny wished frankie class felt kind afraid benny walked hall heard hey benny friends today joey benny knew couldn hide joey forever stopped turned bobby joey leave benny told didn say cop re real creep joey replied benny surprised show courage want joey benny knew answer question business steal hubcaps joey grabbed benny shirt pulled benny close mind business joey yeah bobby laughed benny pulled joey hurried hall benny walked fast
stick paws bars ben pull coat night skin prickle toby boy monkeys monkeys idea re think monkey knows say keeps eyes tries toby believed ben seen brown fist reaching hole grab coat toby put doughnut tiny hand sat thinking rode talking ben whistling making sound toby thoughts home left toby thoughtfulness sleepy eyes closed startled loud noise feeling dumped seat lay senseless side road wagon wrecked monkeys escaping ben knew noise wagon breaking tell toby trouble ben jumped wagon breaking wheels toby heard dumped seat wagon hard road monkeys scrambled direction
grab ball johnny speck cried told stuff suddenly emptiness johnny things going team weaker line going disgrace hank uniform shout stands hey peanut looks ballplayer johnny felt warm johnny turn bat inning feel empty inside shakiness florida pitcher finished practice pitches johnny stepped batter box cook number bat voice announced chuckle loudspeakers johnny looked batters hank uniform hung loose baggy cap big pants hung ground inch johnny socks showed shoes explain voice press box red known radio sports announcer red air think fits comes uniform boy pants johnny cook plate howls laughter crowd stands laughing johnny cook johnny pulled deeper oversize uniform felt empty shaky things shouted size
fun exciting treat families found play family big job neighbors gather distances help called gathering bee pioneers kinds bees spring gathered help plow land plant fields fall harvest helped women girls gathered quilting sewing bees sewed told happened days finished quilts clothes families warm quilts clothes bought stores house raising gatherings boys worked hard lay logs put roof covered windows door women cooked big meals hungry workers small children played noon lot food talk nonsense wanted finish house house built strip deerskin fastened inside door strip hung inside pulled raise latch open door leaving latchstring daytime sign welcome
carlos crew carlos diver helped dan water sea watch working boat sun ready looked saw coming dock comes carlos andy comes carlos salty comes carlos carlos walked fast dock carlos called dan carlos call dan boat stopped carlos looked dock talk looked looked dock asked dan looking dock carlos asked bill coming dock carlos carlos asked dan wanted map carlos asked dan country dan carlos country left sea watch trouble trouble asked andy trouble salty parrot trouble country big carlos need things
crew put crane cables things boat dan called ready thing need sea need help boat need crew members morning bill wanted boat asked dan look andy called eat eat salty eat crew stopped talking fast andy cook eat dan dan talked took andy carlos bill crew dan going asked going bill carlos stopped going fish carlos going look big fish gold fish andy carlos looked andy talk carlos crew saw coming sea watch big asked bill
took cable slowly put water bottom sea big hooks cable ready catch treasure ship dan dive bill ran sea watch water sea watch pulled cable bottom sea crew looked cable catch saw stop water stop boat dan bill cable crew helped dan ready helped put diving suit helmet dan water bottom sea walked slowly looking cable dan looked looked saw cable stopped rocks dan took cable rocks pulled times rope dan pulled times wanted pulled top sea watch bill pulled times rope let dan ready pull bill pulled dan top water treasure ship asked carlos dan helmet carlos dan hooks stopped rocks
street street street busy street playground crowded kids find mary lizzie ed playing kick shirley fred jumping rope kids block playing hopscotch buff street playground turns huge shower fire hydrant middle block sprinkler cap especially hot days kids put bathing suits play water spraying hydrant street baseball diamond cover home plate base base tree base fire hydrant steal bases slide base painful guess street playground shower baseball diamond roller skating rink track bike path toss ball air try pick jack bone apricot seed game jacks played differently places europe children play jacks sets small goat sheep bones egypt apricot seeds game pieces children japan china play jacks tiny cloth bags filled rice beans united states game played small rubber ball handful pointed metal pieces
fun training puppy learn basic rules speak strong firm voice don shout puppy learns give command tell puppy want words tone voice puppy walk starts leave side say heel tug leash puppy learns obeys command stop tugging leash tug leash whistle snap fingers puppy finally obey praise pat head kind words dog help remember thing train puppy chew things won tell puppy chew table legs slippers give puppy toy safe chewing hard rubber ball puppy chews wrong thing say pull thing puppy obeys easy love nice moisten dry dog food milk water let stand fifteen minutes mix meat food ready serve beginning meal size portion puppy ate brought home
maria stood river filling pail water suddenly screamed fell father ran river pulled maria shore seconds terribly frightened maria breathing finally began breathe took days maria happened mystery maria father knew maria brushed electric eel dangerous fish electric eel lives rivers south america maria family home snake fish give powerful electric shock foot eel produce volts electricity power goes electrical wires home electric eel fish hungry electric eel brushes fish powerful shock eats eel shocked maria supper maria crossed path electricity granted flick switch press button light tv music fill room night fall electricity blackout covered northeastern part united states canada roads dark bright street lamps traffic lights elevators halt subway cars rolled quiet stop realized important electricity
girls think lee looking boys dark brown eyes regular features joe kind skinny groaned freckles summer paid attention girls lee fact joe girl named connie lowell lee knew reason joe hurrying school bus wanted sure seat connie ride home joe seat soon talking kidding connie lee couldn joe excited girl special idea pretty girl marcy andrews word short dark hair bold black eyes part terry mason crowd bus rolled countryside early fall lee liked air snappy nice outdoors hey joe re coming stop lee called attention connie coming house today remember yes connie look tomorrow lee arrangements joe telephone night house school today lee mother shopping nearby town going call home
sky dark yellow lamplight shone brightly boys homework joe room auto horn tooted mother calling lee jumped joe downstairs thanks brownies milk lee remembered say mrs mom car door open slipped seat hello lee nice mrs emerson asked yes joe fun sorry late mom important business care tell dad dinner tonight lee liked lights houses turned soon turning road house glad dad home mom haven thing dinner going lee asked fancy tell hamburgers vegetables canned peaches weekend hamburgers lee exclaimed lee dog ranger cat spotty side door waiting house ranger red setter roaming countryside home evening meal companionship family spotty calico cat making sounds clear demands supper
lying bed later lee hear father mother talking mom fine worried times home mom hungry help icebox joe house boys rocky lived farther road took days mom definite decision going give try announced evening air excitement house monday morning mom starting place mom dressed lee kitchen serving breakfast apron dark dresses hat head house quick dust preparations dinner mom joe school won lee joe mother expecting don forget homework dad mom left car lee set school bus luck job lee called feeling proud mother didn lee attended classes fun especially gym school joe house mrs oatmeal cookies milk today
carry pig store trade pair shoes today think earlier times money today barter goods means trade thing bartering helped goods needed bartering disadvantages suppose wanted coat milk worth difficult decide items compared replace barter money invented money shells sea pieces special stone bargain trade agreed number shells equaled goods gradually form money changed liked shells wanted real needed money precious metals gold silver bronze chosen metals easily carried small pieces called coins system trade set coins medium exchange common describe goods money units pail milk worth silver coins longer carry pigs shopping trips filled money needed precious metals began run money needed
ten grave sat large teepee pipe passed turn drawn smoke ritual meant spoken truth pipe lakota leaders speak rides called council meeting explained problem tribe run short meat past summer tribes plains facing shortage food winter months suggested tribe move hunting areas farther north mean moving closer areas white lived rides wished speak bad eye tribe recounted happened tribe encountered white bad words bad feelings want danger finished comes horses speak seen leader brave deeds capturing horses raids look thought moving river white lives want grandmothers tribe starve women need hides moccasins robes choose decide think thoughts
picture small country imagine surrounded strong powerful neighbors wish destroy imagine constant border warfare raids accurate picture country israel founding israel history woman played key role fourth prime minister israel showed unusual courage determination mrs born russia family moved united states young school interested zionist movement talked constantly forming free nation called israel impressed arguments enthusiasm decided zionism husband sailed palestine area jews called homeland joined kibbutz collective farm later moved city began active politics difficult laundry help money family included child soon began rise worked women labor council secretary pioneer women organization war ii returned united states collect money support independence independence israel proclaimed woman sign proclamation newly established israel minister foreign affairs chairperson israeli delegation united nations general assembly
billion live alike ways human beings needs meet live ways alike course ways speak languages follow ways differences physical body physical differences differences height eye color easy differences bones blood groups impossible looking anthropologists study divide groups based physical differences ways divide groups known geographic races chart page describes geographic races pictures page show belong groups names geographic races characteristics geographic races likely groups separated oceans mountains deserts geographic race developed part ago members geographic races began moving places places today country members geographic races live think sprinkled salt food eating likely sprinkled salt evenly didn put salt part food
thousands ago earth today times earth cold large amount snow fell snow deep packed turned ice snowball discovered ice snow times large amount snow ice earth called ice ages ice ages ice age began ago ice thick snow ice believed feet meters thick places weight ice caused flow outward earth surface glaciers glaciers large sheets ice move slowly part surface earth picture page shows glacier think find glaciers today ice sheets larger smaller depending warm cold earth climate ago ice age ended think weather warmer think ice melted water level oceans rose land covered water land free ice water suppose ice free land important wild animals early early needs today
look map page find place called fertile crescent fertile crescent place rich farmland stone age large forests covered fertile crescent think farm farming soil longer rich grow crops began move tigris euphrates valley find river valley map page river valley yearly floods left layer silt rich soil carried water silt valley soil rich grow crops groups lived fertile crescent times groups moved fertile crescent peacefully groups war gain ownership land wanted live fertile crescent rich valuable farmland thousands group group fertile crescent grasslands foothills nearby groups brought culture culture group mixed older groups cultures spread fertile crescent neighboring lands sumerians important groups live tigris euphrates valley sumerians moved valley mountains east
hundreds thousands passed discovered plants grew seeds began plant seeds gardens learned grow beans squash tomatoes peppers potatoes tobacco peanuts crops raised seeds cacao tree drink chocolate seeds cacao tree today important plant grew maize indian corn maize food indians believed gift god europe america learned tomatoes potatoes cacao tobacco maize indian groups learned baskets pottery learned spin weave learned things gold silver copper group developed language customs tools ways living indians lived simple ways depended animals plants found wandered lived parents grandparents ancestors lived learned ways getting food clothing shelter stopped wandering built homes began farming lived worked groups developed governments built large fine cities indians living mexico central america south america belonged groups developed ways living working hundred ago europe stories groups america lived
immigrants america wanted children grow freedom children early age laws passed young children working able school free public schools taught immigrant children language english schools taught children country children home teach parents america immigrants easy america dreamed children dream toil unskilled factory worker easier america children poor workers opportunity learn skilled trade doctors lawyers teachers business persons immigrants united states wanted millions black africans brought america captured homeland slave traders chained herded ships cattle united states sold slaves white owners slaves freedom masters told white americans argued slavery northern states slave owners lived south finally war americans fought kind country north won slavery ended free black began seek opportunity black americans hopes european african immigrants united states crossed atlantic ocean
vikings visit north america europe travelling poor travel lives spent working lands belonging rich powerful landowners called lords lived cottages castle lord soldiers battle saw nearby lands distant lands lords nobles visit distant friends seldom traveled traveling days fun roads narrow trails thick forests poor person walked rode donkey attacked robbers lords ladies horseback safe tired travelers slept ground inns hotels read write churches offered kind learning church heard stories bible heard stories saints buried nearby tombs saints considered holy places began visit places traveled worship holy places called pilgrims pilgrims visited holy places homes began interested visiting holy land jesus lived holy land palestine country western asia pilgrims decided visit palestine realize palestine hard journey
uncle harold arrived supper usual parked pickup truck yard joe stanley rushed meet leaving kitchen door wide open uncle harold loose jointed lock sandy hair falling eyes coat pockets sagged pliers screwdrivers friction tape hi kids called antenna strung sure joe pointed wire ran drooping line window house maple tree put insulator end told yup joe hooked antenna wire tuning coil fastened ground wire gutter pipe uncle harold pulled earphones pocket set picked junk box connect wire base cat whisker arm ground connection re set sure joe taking earphones dashed yard house stanley started follow stopped looked surprise mom told earphones heck uncle harold re surprise told week bring surprise bet
sure stanley didn want bring wouldn mixed kinds microphones speakers record players shop wants sell give kids mrs pearson watching harold think give things think going ask joe stanley turned mother alarm uncle harold looked smiled don worry sis look found electrical stuff junk yard wants thrown someday let bought stuff parts thrown boys saves things wasted wouldn want wasted sis guess mrs pearson doubtfully think learn electronics uncle harold starting young re high school able electrical repairs electrical engineers
breakfast mrs pearson patient firm put wires megaphones house simply going stand terrible noise deaf end week scared jenny growth ears sensitive noise hurt practice radio things want quietly ok mom joe experimenting morning try let happen suggest try hard pearson happen give amplifier uncle harold joe wouldn want happen quiet won stanley sure stanley mice joe stanley jenny climbing hill home school afternoon big coca cola truck pulled driver leaned seat called hey bud live joe nodded house box things harold watts asked drop full wires looks uncle harold joe give box want carry house
herb listened voice sounded difficult sounded confusing turns banks easiest learn teach kid compass navigation jets rudder control need rudders synchronize throttle oil gauge carburetor heat control rpm confusing eleven mind air speed indicator yes minutes passed swiftly swiftly instruction slowly herb shown kid talked talk sound casual understanding kid didn point panic panic anyway boy catch banking easy easy throttle didn hard boy climbs glides satisfactory herb attempted combine operations boy lost nerve crash crash turn wheel push throttle help herb pierson face white golly herb blame eleven herb didn blame didn sympathize rocky mountain range short miles ahead listen frankie straight quit bawling dad going crying crash going bring dad hospital
brothers clattered steps kitchen mrs cunningham preparing ample breakfast cheerily looking stove mornin boys hurry wash glenn floyd took turns working pump handle washing icy water father clint cunningham kitchen outdoors working farm hour breakfast boys join additional clint cunningham afford hired help small farm kansas valley boys mrs cunningham pitch hard penny conserved order lessen costs schooling books boys obtained job heating rural schoolhouse attended miles farm clock kissed mrs cunningham started brisk trot hard frozen road school fire going students arrived schoolteacher arrived boys late breathing heavily run floyd glenn unlocked door entered small weather beaten building removed accumulation ashes yesterday fire potbellied stove brought wood bin side schoolhouse older boy picked kerosene unscrewed top splashed liquid generously firewood stove
box oats nose ate stood hand smoothing satin soft skin mane nap deep plush played cream colored tresses arranged forelock neatly eyes bit dish faced arab eyes set lightly groomed brushed stood turning head whichever spoiled soon step stream drink hold bucket drink lift dripping muzzle rest shoulder blue shirt golden eyes dreaming distance daintily dip mouth drink turned head south pricked ears listening ken knew heard colts galloping upland someday flicka whispered eleven strong won fly wind stand top look smell snow neversummer range maybe antelope happiest month kennie wounds swollen presently opened kennie mother poultices filly climbed hill early morning ran legs
henry left ymca wednesday stopped watch tear circus poster dimes nickel pocket corner drugstore buy chocolate ice cream cone thought eat ice cream cone bus drop dime slot ride home happened bought ice cream cone paid dimes drugstore stopped look funny books free look dimes left stood licking chocolate ice cream cone reading funny books heard thump thump thump henry turned dog dog scratching wasn special kind dog small big dog hand big dog wasn white dog parts brown parts black yellowish patches ears stood tail thin dog hungry henry licked licked henry swallowed swallowed hello dog henry ice cream cone swish swish swish tail bite dog brown eyes say ordered henry wasn firm
ceiling interesting watch hours wooden top desk thing interesting watch patch cloth boy shoulder study course window showed things round raining window surprising things show playground closed eyes listened hear sounds hold watch insects grubs wouldn touch look things children class older younger called stupid slowpoke slowpoke trudging school carried lunch rice ball wrapped radish leaf rained stormed trudging wrapped raincoat dried zebra grass sixth grade class school teacher friendly kind smile took class hilltop school pleased learn knew places wild grapes wild potatoes grew amazed find knew flowers class garden liked black white drawings tacked wall admired
sat trying figure piano box tree pretty soon mom called rupert rupert piper milt sounds mad mom mad company smart annabelle mother annabelle mrs albert smart annabelle albert croquet set rupert mom nice quiet game dood think going milt mom smiled mothers dropping boys expect find playing croquet shut door albert taking stroll yard looking roses smart annabelle albert simply dream dreams mother says says someday albert chain satellites sun want satellite sun wanted house tree albert coming rupert big box garage guess thinker thinker albert thinker piano box milt poked yes milt albert science milt put hands pockets kind rocked heels thinker thinker side york
soon bears disappeared crawled window looked cautiously run vacant cabin bears heard running nearly reached cabin corner matter pine tree instant growls bears moved disappeared vacant cabin cabin contained loaded gun sullivan thought dangerous try cabin door swelled fast bears surely waiting thought safe return dropped ground dash cabin bears heard gave chase evident intention getting annoyances short distance cabin bears heels dived broken window bundle newspapers set fire thrown bears scare snarling young bears stroke scattered blazing papers directions bears walked round cabin corner sight remained quiet minutes jason saying hope thump roof told prospectors bears intent hams
soon father jancsi left sheep mother called kate going brook washing watch gypsies kate call try steal kate seeds put bags inside put looked window gypsies place saw lead pig poultry yard catching chickens ran prepared call mother couldn open mouth clapped hand husky young gypsy held tight couldn move quiet missy muttered won hurt re quiet took wagon pushed saying women inside sounded strange kate talking gypsy language beginning frightened women crowded stared children romping screaming mother wouldn hear anyway quiet waiting chance torn canvas sides wagon gypsies taking move jumped woman pulled grinning nice missy don noise bad missy soon ready tie throw hayloft noise stuff rags mouth
cool misty autumn morning david led small black mare stable father today reckon school afoot david hand tightened bridle swallowed hard found buyer aye seth replied danbury coming tomorrow sorry lad sake david comment knowing futility pleas arguments father mind sell mare earlier soon uncle charles died wounds hands johnson tories york leaving horse brother law seth light farm sell david rode slowly westward schoolhouse corners miles distant miserable knew full depths feelings mare enabled uncle carry dispatches washington army hobgoblin named swift ambling gait curious facial markings generous spattering white flecks gave strange frightening look spite appearance gentlest horses western connecticut wonderful comradeship lose david feel completely miserable halfway school crossing wooden bridge swift water dog creek rotten planks gave hobgoblin weight stumbled threw rider sidewise stream
minute johnny slipped bed window looked bewildered earth lay white shingled roof white snow fallen rubbed eyes sleep cool sweet smelling air early window light full moon whitened lay knew hanging sky house lamp yapping fox sounded nearer johnny called softly coming father mother asleep big bed room hall hear pricked black tipped ears fox running moonlight pick faintest sound quickly johnny began dress ran comb hair case unforeseen accident meet woods early morning kennel barn maude gave low token barks horses shifted stalls fox yapping close johnny reached sill took grip known branch maple grew climbed bough uncoiled length rope lay hidden crotch hung side tree nearest house color bark easily distinguishable
johnny listened asked questions encouraged talk elders speaking interested pa ma say neighbors morning sipping coffee eating night baked beans fried skillet spoken greater length usual comments guarded friendly unfriendly prepared wait turned spirit johnny watched boy morning liking saw puzzled children knew attitude guarded friendliness friendliness approach boys recess girls gathered close circle whispering giggling boys gathered circle boy giles asked teacher told room giles dumont boy giles giles giles taunted wouldn give dog giles giles giles gave loud shrieks laughter giles didn move eyes face face tom buck bully touch shoved shoulder throwing feet moved shoving trying trip hitting giles quick light cat
awareness johnny noticed things puzzled ask giles dumont house faint smell rotten grapes question giles answered asked saw slight pause johnny threshold invisible wrinkling nose caught characteristic faint sweet odor decay pa makes wine casually keeps mash couple buckets cellar spade garden spring normandy johnny knew things didn notice strange cat house barn dog run meet giles home chickens pecking dooryard horse cows giles claude maddy brought pasture father milking johnny mother gave flowers garden mrs dumont haven garden sort shape miss flowers mother johnny gave mrs dumont thanked laid kitchen sink happening pass door couple hours later saw flowers lying laid wilting disconsolate
spin globe find west meridian lines look land lies land mass western hemisphere reaches north pole south pole look line equator passes south america notice land area northern half western hemisphere southernmost part south america narrows scattering islands vast area find kind landform climate vegetation landform mean kind shape land high mountains flat plains dry deserts rolling hills rocky coasts study map north south america continents kind landform western coast continents chain high mountains stretches alaska north chile south north america high mountains known rocky mountains south america high western mountains called andes rocky mountain peaks snow covered high rugged towering mountains andes close seacoast map western hemisphere look eastern coasts continents notice mountains region land masses nearly high mountains west
happened sat warm bath turned cold water faucet feel stream cold water creep side body feel stream hot water move side body turned hot water faucet oceans earth giant bath tubs warmed cooled water faucets warmed cooled ocean currents water oceans earth stand winds blow push surface ocean water continual pushing wind spinning rotation earth water flow move directions call movement sea water ocean currents equator warm caribbean sea north south america strongest currents begins journey north american continent known gulf stream forced action winds earth rotation current moves northwesterly direction nears united states branch mile wide current flows gulf mexico current water gulf mexico warm moving rate miles hour branch gulf stream continues north east coast united states england
maps help learn geography parts political maps show boundaries states countries location size types maps called special maps study chapter give additional valuable information country area special maps include topographic maps relief maps rainfall maps demographic maps resource maps weather maps soil maps land maps vegetation maps shaded relief maps show elevation altitude sea level topographic relief maps show landform shape land landforms north south america seen maps maps contour lines show shape outline highlands lowlands contour lines connect points elevation height sea level topographic map shows small island hill center contour lines connect points starting feet move hill line marks position feet higher finally highest point island feet notice contour lines closer northwest part island southeast shows steep slope northwestern side able imagine small island looks relief maps important showing elevation landforms
looked dan pointing saw whale carlos mate deck andy cook whale carlos dan nodded escaped whaling ship hunting waters looks harpoon pulled andy big cut whale blood shooting cut water let cameras action dan moving cabin give pictures story whales marineland carlos ran dan soon deck holding cameras follow whale distance bill called dan carlos started running cameras look blood carlos holding camera eye whale dead don sure andy heard whales put hard fight dead sooner andy whale began crash tail water water splashed whale swam direction look cried dan whale sea watch whale distance suddenly whale turned boat
dan carlos waited attack thought ways knew frighten sharks carlos took breathing tube mouth seconds let air shoot direction sharks sharks coming carlos turn quickly big shark friends swimming swim turn pass close dan knew sharks hungry killers danger attack minute dan signaled carlos took breathing tubes mouths called water trying sound big shark pulled trouble sharks swam divers sea watch dan carlos tried swim line sharks sharks moved dan seen sharks divers wanted boat sharks underwater dan knew carlos real trouble swim sharks reach boat surface call help sharks sure attack stay longer air
whale spouting water air blowhole head whale dark gray looked fifty feet sure sperm whale asked carlos captain smiled question carlos hard tell kind whale kinds whales sea whaling tell whale spout makes captain pointed sperm whale spouting distance spout water shoots blowhole whale head dan carlos nodded spout tells sperm whale captain whale hungry chance catch mean asked carlos sperm whales greatest divers whales answer dive deeper whale food sperm whale sounds dives deep catch captain talked catcher ship moved whale full speed crew members took place harpoon platform sighted gun whale shot captain need fifty hundred feet sure hit
wheels walked standing big red race car red wheels seen car asked wheels working bob light asked race cars going drive rock mountain open road race going asked wheels trouble car thought maybe give hand wheels walked car open road race red watch looking car wheels thought word speed speed speed looks wheels trouble bob light car trouble think red jinxed jinxed wheels car jinxed thing car told wheels troubles car broken steering wheel cut tires broken gas line wheels thought laughed let car roll side mountain jinx car ended
wheels worked engine race car put rod place put head engine bob car ready roll asked wheels bob called garage marc ready ready want marc called wheels thought marc voice sounded troubled cross angry angry driving wheels thought tell angry bob called wheels going look red ready start bob ran eyes engine looks wheels engines bob walked car stood looking lights wheels heard sound place engines running garage car engines making sound heard sound coming asked told look dark wheels walk ran top garage sound coming walk sounded rolling walk wheels saw moving dark
wheels found driver seat side marc watched window front red rolled fast speed keeping race cars making seen cars road ahead wheels mountains cars starting mountain road started dark wheels turned car lights giving gas wheels brought car red close driving roar engine sounded red runs wheels thought bob win rock mountain race hands wheels turned marc cabin headed asked marc cross voice pointed mountains bob knows don wheels asked hot rod driver drive cars marc maybe big car engines driver big car race wheels watched wheels marc think big let tell car call rabbit
office walking parking lot mrs thayer didn stop talking mrs mrs answer phone wouldn mrs thayer opening door car opportunity think excuse show house discovered experience land doorstep slid wheel don want car ellie want car smear dirt forehead picking scab knee foolish cars darling mother tone voice meant exerting effort reasonable mrs thayer knows roads stay scrunched ellie complained daddy front sit window backseat jan sits window scrunched middle don turns mother brightly looking expectantly eyes blue knew expression meant seen heard translated words mother imploring silently let scene silly jan
held rigid mrs staring shoulder nodding recognized friend case told surely turned looked couldn stood knowing didn want saw realized stopped looking past full attention abruptly decision strength let doorjamb stepped side motioned forward cane pause hesitated pleased brushed past awkwardly mother murmuring sorry intrusion father clearing throat loudly feels uncomfortable mrs thayer announcing triumphantly advantages house coats plaster walls mrs thayer ticking selling points fingers floors full basement attic don build anymore glad heavy wooden door finally closed stood wide center hall worn carpeting big exposed radiator crystal chandelier
knelt telling sternly reality tangible living room fashioned furniture overstuffed victorian love seat carved frame heavy drawn drapes big brass coal scuttle hearth room chair table lamp strong solid set firmly place left imagination glad actual physical task front picked wallet pocket mirror handkerchief compact keys comb lipstick offered handing object mother seeing blue eyes short dark hair swirled neatly head troubled set soft full mouth swallowed hard feeling fumbling words knowing find feeling couldn find words blinked didn want cry gently touched cheek sorry darling contrite didn mean scold rubbed eyes handed handkerchief began stuff purse tired awful try talk properly limit continue mrs living room important find house
looked round rabbits staring bigwig blackberry spoke think don persuaded anyway bucks warren pretty poor fun rabbit funny thing feel terrified stay feel terrified foxes weasels middle begone dull care pulled leaf ate slowly concealing fear instincts warning dangers unknown country warren believe hazel means think rabbits stay persuade join think worth sounding bigwig talk join tonight won juniors discontented fellows need heard convinced convinced obvious kind message believe things think didn convince thought answered hazel
hazel looked path upstream grass let feed scrambled bank set nibbling water stream stood half grown clumps purple flower nearly months blooms early patch pink looking face bank fact dotted thickly martins holes narrow foreshore foot cliff littered rubbish colony sticks droppings feathers broken egg dead nestling martins coming going numbers water hazel moved close quietly edged feeding half concealed patch reeds sure cross river going bank need cross river hazel fields looking high lonely place dry soil rabbits hear round wouldn worth journey yes course place river tell
top slope leading hazel reached hedge crossed narrow turf verge side found looking straight shadowy aisle rows beans earth soft crumbling scattering weeds found cultivated fields growing green gloom bean leaves plants moved breeze sunlight dappled speckled brown soil white pebbles weeds ubiquitous restlessness alarming forest took part sound soft steady movement leaves bean row hazel glimpsed depths field soon rabbits kind hollow sides stood orderly rows beans securing hostile approach roofing covering scent safer underground food pinch pale twists grass dandelion sleep hazel suppose stay awake turn give chance look paw roo think
kids wearing big white bibs marked green valley regional training center eating plastic plates didn knives forks spoons eating thing kidding baby food plate orange pile baby food gray pile looked stuff older looked older father wearing bibs eating baby food forced eat attendants holding jaws open spooning mouths saw mother turn head didn want look allowed ushered seen lot seated tables tied chairs heavy leather straps save decided open sister locker pack things suitcase returned attendant opened locker took stuff bunch clothes crayons papers drawings flashlight battery part tea set mother birthday christmas card ago mother called attendant put suitcase rest daughter things asked
told geraldine coming home live gasped practices gasping theater lot watch gasped watch minute later dug geraldine tragic ring finally real trip neil boy couldn help remembering words took elevator live sixth floor suitcase question walking smart realize ride elevator parachute jump funny thing ho dad hesitation happened unfortunately addition dad mom board floor scottie dog miss gropper fourth elevator door began close person delivery boy nursery carrying tree tub squeezed doors closed delivery boy pushed button seventh floor dad pushed course pushed miss gropper pushed guess watching press floor button figured requirement elevator riders push button knew stop reached pressed colorful eye catching brightest buttons clearly marked emergency
didn bother slippers heart going chest cranked tiptoed black hall kitchen discovered mother left light bathroom left small stove kitchen shone directly room supposed getting scared woke middle night guess didn figure wake die fright possibility peered room eyes dim dark trying bearings preparing knows waiting knows turned sister kneeling bed slamming head wall blam blam normal everyday thing middle night geraldine stop admit shook trying knock unconscious put holes plaster wonder hair worn thin head wonder big fat welty bump head stop cut easier reasoning ghost sheet quota crashes fill didn want interrupted
night talk white horse chief seen wild horses saying horses brings plan fastest wild horses catch white horse braves pleased white horse fastest strongest wild horses prize braves young started plans sat night trying think ways catch wild horses crow family going bed night morning star told father crow bow arrow need young braves father turned crow hear chief need horses help think plan catch wild white horse plan works crow plan days walked cliffs looked canyons knew catch white horse sister mother sleep crow slipped father plan father asked father yes thinking moons canyon couldn run wild horses canyon trap
chief called braves sat circle ground crow sat father hear chief going say plan catch white horse herd chief told plan hard chief called braves bring goat hide hang loom hide loom braves drawing map crow believe seeing plan chief talking tugged father asked black hawk turned yes crow plan say talk later stay hear chief saying chief pointing drawing saying canyon shape big spoon trap white horse herd round end canyon escape high walls sides canyon chief openings walls white horse herd escape end canyon close openings brush
late night white horse led herd canyon drink spring eat grass grew morning braves started narrow end canyon put gate heard pounding horses hoofs white horse leading herd canyon braves reached openings shut found brush ground wall poles standing hear wild horses distance pounding hoofs crow heard sound neigh sounded laugh white horse making fun brush walls close narrower openings needed poles brush big rocks walls stronger meantime black hawk braves finished putting gate trap strong chief thought hold white horse herd stood watched pole put place let white horse shouted looking high canyon walls ready chief braves horses look white horse planned find herd chase trap
twisting slashing fought pack backed low branches hedge growling snarling formed half moon circle big bird dog bolder darted hedge shook tangled hound fast fell backwards saw ear split wide open took street squalling scalded cat big ugly cur tried luck didn easy left shoulder laid open bone sat rear let hurt fighting blood boiling hard stand watch hound fight odds especially memories heart mine seen hound live taking coat waded yelling scolding didn effect swinging coat dogs scattered left knees peered hedge hound mad growled showed teeth knew wasn nature fight soft voice started talking boy
thinking figured help sacrifice told papa decided didn want hounds saw hurt eyes feel squeezing water heart papa set lap talk told hard times looked couldn fair price raised farmers quit farming cutting railroad ties feed families things didn give hounds didn bed heart torn pieces cried sleep papa store late evening saw coming fast ran meet expecting sack candy handed small steel traps santa claus mountains reindeer pleased jumped cried bucketful tears hugged told wonderful papa showed set mashing spring foot trigger
barn loft hay eaves hid start making dreams true twenty cents bank safe rats rain snow summer worked beaver small creek fields caught crawfish bare hands trapped minnows screen wire trap baited yellow corn bread mother kitchen sold fishermen fresh vegetables roasting ears tore blackberry patches hands feet scratched raw red thorns tramped hills seeking huckleberry bushes grandfather paid ten cents bucket berries grandpa asked money earned told saving buy hunting dogs asked order saved asked say father promised wouldn sure grandpa paid attention plans winter trapped harder traps owned grandpa sold hides fur buyers store fur season prices cheap fifteen cents large opossum hide twenty skunk hide
fly ruth marvelous prove ruth real dragon overgrown fire lizard teased finally able today turns endure teasing washed ruth boy jealous ruth taunted remember ruth managed scarce dark recesses levels didn dark stuffy corridors stayed ruth arrival longer able disappear avoid attentions wished didn owe lord milk brother owed birth days unexpected arrival died hours taught hold harper share milk brother benefited boy full hand taller heavier set certainly suffered sharing mother milk sure part waved cheerily cooks busy preparing fine midday meal celebrate fervently hoped occasion flight ruth
watched filing steps hall doors concert shrieks fire lizards abandoned aerial display dove entrance narrowly missing harper tall figure swarmed hold incident lifted spirits directed ruth quarters glance swept windows saw pulling sincerely hoped pals witnessed moment noticed seen talking important pern careful going allowed ruth figured thought wasn capital ton suggest heard chew raw swallow ruth answered thoughts smug dragon paced stable courtyard dropped left shoulder dismount fly ruth able want pern flew beautifully sorry poor rider ridges learn ruth eyes wheeled affectionately brilliant blue telling ruth marvelous turning wing tip brushed worst ridge dust hide fuzz accumulated ruth bed overnight
look stunned amazement face rounded milk brother shells thought displeasure loss control temper check loved taunt ruth lack stature masking malicious jibes mock brotherly quarrels knowing retaliate rebuke conduct unbecoming rank station outgrown need fussing innate kindness gratitude milk nourished premature birth prevented asking retire today suddenly boil ruth head emerged waters eyes reflecting bright morning sun greens brilliant clear blues fire lizards attacked rough tongues talons scrubbing infinitesimal motes dirt splashing water wings hides darkened wetting green turned batter nose blues swatted brown wing satisfaction despite laughed scolding green manner reminded axiom dragon rider disservice
dark spruce forest frowned side frozen waterway trees stripped recent wind white covering frost lean black ominous fading light vast silence reigned land land desolation lifeless movement lone cold spirit sadness hint laughter laughter terrible sadness laughter smile sphinx laughter cold frost partaking grimness infallibility masterful wisdom eternity laughing futility effort wild savage frozen hearted northland wild abroad land defiant frozen waterway toiled string dogs bristly fur frost breath froze air left mouths spouting vapor settled hair bodies formed crystals frost leather harness dogs leather traces attached sled dragged sled runners stout birch bark full surface rested snow front end sled turned scroll order force bore soft snow surged wave
breakfast eaten slim camp outfit lashed sled turned backs cheery fire launched darkness began rise cries fiercely sad cries called darkness cold answered conversation ceased daylight clock midday sky south warmed rose color marked bulge earth intervened meridian sun northern rose color swiftly faded gray light remained lasted clock faded pall arctic night descended lone silent land darkness hunting cries left rear drew closer close surges fear toiling dogs throwing short lived panics conclusion panic henry dogs traces bill wisht strike game somewheres leave nerves horrible henry sympathized spoke camp henry bending adding ice bubbling pot beans startled sound blow exclamation bill sharp snarling cry pain dogs straightened dim form disappearing snow shelter dark
began lost dogs night swung trail silence darkness cold spirits fairly light bill forgotten forebodings previous night waxed dogs midday overturned sled bad piece trail awkward mix sled upside jammed tree trunk huge rock forced dogs order straighten tangle bent sled trying henry observed ear ear cried straightening turning dog ear broke run snow traces trailing snow track wolf waiting neared suddenly cautious slowed alert mincing walk stopped regarded carefully dubiously smile showing teeth ingratiating menacing moved steps playfully halted ear drew alert cautious tail ears air head held high tried sniff noses retreated playfully coyly advance part accompanied retreat part
jerry peterson reached slapped wet shoulder horse easy clipper easy hard don drink fast clipper raised head jerry turned house hill fault nailer yelled big yellow dog front porch jerry tugged clipper boy led sweating horse fence house hung reins post yelled dozen pigs rooting fence pigs move jerry pushed foot scrambled squealing kicked jerry yelled chickens grass chickens scattered awkwardly cleared foot fence jerry shouted mother cat half grown kittens front porch startled cats dashed past jerry heading house jerry sat gently stroked coarse yellow hair nailer dog head lifted lips parted break grin head dropped paws look clipper jerry pointing horse dog person reasoned tired fault
hot afternoons middle summer vacation jim friends sat shade railroad tracks calling trade marks freight cars boy certainly cab locomotive jim hands throttle suppose skipper caught skipper lewis engineer freight train train pulled afternoon skipper inside station talking clerk henry won hours jim dare jim grinned shook head george jumping impatiently let let play follow leader shouted henry fourth jim george climbed top nearest boxcar remember shouted henry scrambled hey look cried valley house jim hesitated climb train walked slowly side train watching boys jumped end boxcar hey george yelled suddenly jim looked matter engineer playing re scared freight train
lucy fuller sat steps staring place bicycle stood lucy eyes left garage broom rakes garden hose tools hanging neat row huge empty place bicycle stolen storm disbelief anger sat steps dazed quiet staring garage slipped garage night stolen red bicycle stolen bicycle stolen penny earned raking leaves baby sitting help pay bicycle stolen winter coat bicycle worst stolen saturday trips bicycle club lucy stunned cry discovered bicycle blink hard bitter tears burned eyelids soon ann betsy pedaling woods tires rustling freshly fallen red golden leaves soon ann front playing follow leader paths flaming autumn trees wondered dully exciting trip ann planned lucy lonely saturday stretched ahead black tunnel sudden swish bicycle tires driveway sound excited voices
saturday morning found house father mill room grinding servants molly leave house brought help mother visiting mrs ash sick hour finished homework stop going bright morning finding jack completely filled mind thought opportunity look watch small chance detection key observed keys small box father bed opened drawer took watch gazed going knew wound set hands means small knob side wind couple turns run soon case father decided look later listened quiet rhythmic ticking set hands clock remained slip wrist notched hole leather strap loose wearing watch achieved thought ultimate ambition found think case remained
wondered fear worse boy elder brother turned vagrant spoken house jack told ago kind weakness ran families think interest vagrants bad omen logical knew impatient foolishness embarrassment vagrant behaved presence kind resolve bid couple days clear vagrants saw called clowning talking street shied school path river bank front door past church past vagrant house sign middle saw coming opposite direction quickened step met crossroads welcome seen thee days hast aught ailed thee boy murrain haply common cold
explained things map describing landmarks look telling compass find part journey lake gave instructions memorize case map discovered guard case hole lining tunic yes safe leaves sea crossing town pointed find fishing boats harbor orion owned tall swarthy nose thin lips curtis captain curtis sea hard part begins speak language seen spoken learn steal food speak language reason mission smiled madman tongues found skill discovering kind boy help parts think worth tackling shook head
sure glad read arithmetic writes re teacher louisa chuckled teach english put books stopped playing soldiers carved drawing foolish pictures places seen run climb trees spend axe hands want strong break leg tomorrow louisa typical small utterly feminine ease wilderness stubborn snorted remark place half depend half boy eric maybe say wrong things son love true boys turn loose louisa let grow unhappily guessed father waited dark sleep cover sadness home maybe someday plant feet furrows feel father north sea eyes found joy grasping earth river mountain making spring bigger exciting
sun late coming later reaching deep wandering canyons river touched warmed ridges high march timber night owl found skimming silently homeward dark forest golden light slipped mountains west crept pale broken canyon floor river edge night truly end christian moved lying face downward sand boulders locked deep dreamless sleep oblivious morning arrival rigid cold alive boy stir visibly begin breathe stone walls sanctuary caught held heat sun journey pit sleep dim awakening dark lids chris knew warm vague fear passed remembered reality pushed warm wonderful chris want heavenly existed sun climbed higher gentle wrapping began dissolve boy fought trying move unknowing sleep moment drop dew starts returning air blade grass held straightens morning reached find
emptiness vast shrieking silences crowded drowned tempest water fell stunned shaken chris desperately searched ragged horizon vain hope discover wanted mountains vanish shatter crumble night give winds raged familiar saddle southern summit shouldering neighbors studied path sun reaffirmed part horizon identified north knowing river carried generally southwest turn eyes yes saddle horn reach higher mountain northeast northwest sight rise beckon reassure chris bluff half walked half trotted river glancing shoulder open space leaving told simple matter climbed mountain hide larger distance surely walked climbed high place saddle big comforting home unreasonable expect lie unconscious flimsy raft carried
wonder things big city think big city sights sounds smells feeling big city find read words big city thing enters mind skyscrapers millions pounds brick steel glass think offices apartments find big city shops stores kind banks post offices homes shapes sizes find schools playgrounds parks maybe zoo center big city cool place swim steaming hot summer golden sandy beach nearby standing top skyscrapers crisscross pattern streets traffic cars creeping line ants marching parade big city push pull traffic stop traffic buses cars trains cabs trucks getting place important big city reasons place place listen sounds city rush ears loud rumble trains click clack steel wheels turning steel tracks zoom roar motors car motors bus motors truck motors squeal rubber tires concrete angry blast horns
story robbery wasn big robbery wasn important robbery robbery excited upset later found wasn worth getting upset big problem tempest teapot problem started hot september pretty park big city plenty green shade trees small swimming pool place play baseball games swings slides fact perfect park children play number children playing park hot september bob quick park yelling hello bob quick bigger children bit older leader rest children park carrying baseball mitt hand banjo hand bob liked play banjo taking lessons teacher lived close park bob finished banjo lesson september set game baseball children bob dog trotted bob dog big red setter silky fur ace bob quick loudly hey let baseball game started
sam left rest children meet mother ran past teeter totter swings past swimming pool street mrs waiting car sam hopped car drove mrs wanted sam help home afternoon later bob quick rest children baseball game tom sanchez answered hot don play song banjo bob bob play song teacher gave today let banjo bob side swimming pool left banjo baseball game banjo wasn missing hey yelled children banjo happened children gathered side pool leave asked left pool bob girls asked think happened bob don need ask easy understand happened robber ago swimming pool stole banjo didn left big hurry
fixed lifeline harness wear harness vest night harness nylon rope stretched boom fell overboard hard thing able heave board special equipment included inflatable rubber raft pockets raft contained bottles fresh water cans food dove sank able survive days raft installed radio receiver chronometer chronometer ship clock accurate gain lose seconds sextant instrument measuring angle sun horizon sailors chronometer sextant determine exact position sea dad installed compass problem dad worked sail dove alseep solved building steering wind vane vane small sail stern boat sail moves small rudder wind vane automatic pilot find later wind vane job especially wind stern dove sailing downwind sail thought eighteen months
geraldine stopped corner pull knee socks rubber bands hold legs itch dropped books sidewalk scratched pulled socks fingers poked top left stupid dog muttered grabbing books crossing street chews gym suit socks wasn worth dollar week walking feeding mrs watson dog dog destroyed hugged books waved hot dog park pulled pockets pants inside shrugged say wasn part support guys tried stand alive thought money hot dogs anymore geraldine turned block wondering sister anita cooked lunch glad didn eat free lunches school anymore sick muddy looking tomato soup dried cheese sandwiches oranges looked accident mother sick geraldine home lunchtime give medicine fix lunch mother hospital continued coming home lunch peaceful quiet
tour early superstars famous women golfers late babe didrikson zaharias finished final round quarter century earlier nancy lopez burst scene spring single lifted women golf level winning streak began mid greater baltimore classic earned victory young led rounds won strokes week jersey tournament nancy started final round strokes joanne successful women golfers mid ms woman golfer nancy admired nancy born ms won united states amateur championship won title times nancy reached teens nancy shot hole sudden death playoff ms shot title belonged lopez week nancy lopez overtook hero rochelle york ms lead entering final round strokes nancy shot round played ms shot nancy victory row week nancy lopez began working event major tournament twenty fourth championship perfect showcase fourth straight victory
pedal sesquipedalian word foot rest figure later sesquipedalian length pleasant noises simply means foot half part sesquipedalian contraction say latin words run run words language say don latin term means half means addition put term means half won find words chemistry part word town country business celebrates hundredth anniversary centennial celebrate don wait hundred celebration hundred fiftieth anniversary celebrated hundred half say sesquipedalian clown word light comic sense term exaggeration show big tall
settlers trouble communicating indians problems communicating countries spoke languages english dutch german french colonists tended live settlers country isolated national groups country populated trade transportation developed peoples contact common language needed recognized need common language jewish immigrant poland named haym salomon arrived york seeking freedom opportunity loved adopted country joined freedom worked underground organization sons liberty later arrested british sentenced death treason escaping hours die haym salomon penniless tried philadelphia farmer road direction salomon traveling drove crude wheeled cart piled high squash turnips bade salomon morning broadest dutch delighted salomon answered dutch invited ride board seat horse fat moved slowly walking
moon swinging high heaven strange moon red children times beautiful ball white lifts face eastern hills rich golden warm color autumn flowers strangest shape disk crescent crescent disk night rises red children disk grows smaller till disk comes tiny crescent west growing night larger larger strange red children say wondered wondered night wise chief dream dream voice wonder moon shape tell dragons dwell corners earth homes moon feed worms feed leaves trees dragons moon sweet strength makes scales shine glitter moonlight glitters big sea water moon grows dragons dwelling sun star feed disk silver light fail
surfaces rising air columns mountains covered rising air glider upward kind rising air depend heat winds mountain air rise seacoasts upward moving air glider pilots don watch clouds eyes birds birds hawk air carry upward birds fly glider glider lifts birds watching birds help glider stay hours sky towed upward motor driven airplane cut loose gliders launched ground auto auto raises glider air boy raises kite push glider cliff upward moving air cliff helps send glider high gliders move slower motor driven planes average speed gliders miles hour glider stable motor driven planes slowed miles hour diving ground glider loses speed begins drop ground danger glider easily brought level pilot keeps head pilot glider tend level
tiny figure stands narrow board path rapidly moving wave wave begins tower break head crushing wait moment suddenly sliding wave sideways part wave breaks crashing water pursue surge wave shoots quickly shot cannon huge green pipe surfer stands surfboard narrow board lightweight wood fiberglass taking part popular water sports tries ride waves cowboy riding angry horse horseman control animal surfer control waves learn move water fight waves adapt surfers young older enjoy sport named fred enjoyed surfing seventies young brave face giant waves waves form north shore hawaiian island named oahu greatest surfers duke north shore waves attain thirty feet towering water knock wall china stretch ocean north shore called pipeline
americans brought rough sport england sport cold weather young couldn play marbles fly kites frigid air began play football football autumn pigs killed food pigs bladders blown footballs today ball called leather rubber colleges played kind football ago game played wild sophomores freshmen game sophomore class played freshman class hundreds players field game full body contact action harvard university played kind football football called bloody monday slowly football changed players began run ball kicking important number side fixed rules set team rules football organized sport rules schools football changed lot past hundred players kick run throw ball forward pass important part game football complicated game hard follow early days players wore thin shirts pants protect
mishmash puppy big black friendly dog friendliest dog pete mother father seen friendly lived pete neighborhood locked front doors mishmash walking appreciated dog mishmash pete reflected teacher miss patch liked big dog told pete mishmash nicest present received pete chest swelled thought pleasure soberly pete regarded miss dingley wished miss patch loud voice teeth sticking friendly smiled miss dingley smile looked pasted suddenly pete felt sorry mishmash stay substitute teacher wondered mishmash getting miss dingley thoughts snapped test wished find test pete left seat front room pretended interested looking aquarium algae miss dingley looking sharply pete show gazing greenish water miss dingley watched figuring ask test pete mishmash mouth grew small disapproval gate locked sternly unlatched thought pete mishmash pretty opening closing things
folks remarked queer thing entirely sandy macneil dog say dog master sandy dog getting night sandy coming home past nightfall stayed longer meant company talk entertaining swinging fair clip morrow sabbath chores midnight working sunday misty cloudy sort night pale moon overhead gave light cloud road dark side tall hedges cast shadows maybe sandy didn notice dog think put fox maybe badger haste home paid heed wasn till place road met lane saw hedge stopped let lane road sandy moon peeping minute clouds
cat impressed idea bowed dog quickly search chief rats trouble finding bargaining chief finally agreed help rats gnaw night promise cats bother rats rats gnawed protected cats took noisy fights afraid wake discover rats chief rats reported gnawed hole joyfully crept house stone alas stone end box reach tip heavy box cried dog thought tiny mouse crawl box bring stone promising mice protection promised rats finally brave fellow midnight creep box brought precious stone dog cat delighted tiny stone cat insisted carrying stone mouth agreed river longer frozen wonderful plan climb told cling fur
grow learn control emotions takes practice disappointed angry blue rule remember change worthwhile activity activity mind disappointed terrible temper surplus energy sports try hard understand think feel danger wise afraid fears overcome afraid water friend swimmer help overcome fear water rule overcome fears help overcome fears failing left talked likely fail friendly attractive seldom left talked order mature emotionally affection family friends need belong group age club dancing group sports team need feel succeed try mature emotionally learn act age learn express emotions showing attract attention try acting school plays
normal human skeleton bones bone shaped job perfectly bones cylindrical shape supporting bones short longer permit rapid movement distances bones legs examples shorter bones arms combine strength freedom movement flat bones pelvis protect delicate organs muscles attached irregularly shaped bones spinal column permit movements provide strength protection bones living organic nonliving mineral matter organic matter includes bone cells nerve cells fat cells cartilage cells bones minerals calcium phosphorus part bone solid part hollow bone body shaped maximum strength hollows bones yellow marrow fat spongy parts bones red marrow red marrow fat red blood cells formed bone marrow blood vessels connective tissue nerves bone thin covering membrane called blood vessels nerves form skeleton support body bones joined places bones joints
food oxygen exercise proper growth development muscles fibers muscles food learn body food study unit muscles oxygen body burn food produce power carbon dioxide chief waste product muscle activity proper exercise help muscles develop grow strong lack proper exercise flabby weak strong muscles important proper food exercise sleep important muscles parts body need rest relaxation correct posture stand sit walk health looks parts body proper balance comfort ease correct posture habits difficult improve posture practice posture habits daily remember health appearance depend posture stand sure body alignment imaginary line stretch push top head imagine ears reaching ceiling shoulders perfectly relaxed arms hanging free stiffness part body stand erect properly balanced feet feet inches heels toes point forward slightly outward
breath regularly heart ceased thumping afeared wolf jumped stile started path post office wolf tracks crossed recrossed trail big robbie thought seeing inch imprints afeared hastened pace village ahead welcome event wolf woods robbie saturday excursion high point week fascinated busy settlement center dozen scattered houses stood ivy covered stone mills bank koshkonong creek waters millpond turn moss covered water wheels bank stood gristmill bins grain heavy millstones ground corn meal wheat homemade bread buckwheat flour flapjacks eaten butter maple syrup bank stood sawmill cut logs region boards houses barns joy jump pile fragrant sawdust watch sawyer expertly logs past huge circular saw grumbling millstones side creek whining screeching saw blended splash water buckets slow turning water wheels harmony sweeter robbie music harps
walked westward trail leaving village took handful sunflower seeds pocket spotted black capped chickadees flitting bushes held seeds paused moment birds knew hovered finally bolder rest courage light moment finger seized seed whirred triumph birds beasts friendly give chance chickadees yes timber wolves won attack don think thoughtfully story books say yes robbie fables european wolves american wolves bitten settler heard boy big wolf woods progressed dozen rods confirm statement series yips longing wavering howl timber wolf listen don move think mating female maybe knew cry begun middle glided chromatic scale half notes broken commence diminishing downward wail answering howl pair pack eager baying big dog ring part wolf
sixty days robbie marked calendar loft globe curved sixth distant sun boy knew told professor miracle spring due tilt earth greater abundance sunlight lavished northern hemisphere light warmth melted snows winter stir seeds roots grass flowers pulled sweet sap sugar maples tips budding branches stimulated water birds seasonal migration northward told wolves animals mate bring young whispers spring southern wisconsin february thaw brought silent mist creeping river engulf valley lake koshkonong tobacco plants hanging dry brittle tobacco sheds softened leaves thin brown leather case weather ezra trent shouted lit lantern early foggy morning coming paw robbie answered loft middle night ellen murmured sleepily soon bed dressed father mother dutiful son moved lantern light hollow mist encased endless shadow reality small room dimly lit swinging lantern
uncle martin breathed deep sigh terrible accident fell ladder broke neck funeral late tomorrow need signature papers uncle martin chuckled nervously afraid run plantation sign gazed endless acres sugarcane tired trip uncle surely business wait till tomorrow course dear replied uncle martin quickly turned native bright red uniform leon ladies things rooms bring cold drink martin led girls patio things attend explained smile dinner nice rita yes watching uncle disappear view saw small mother died father private school north didn think place raise small child father uncle run plantation rita asked stared sharply uncle martin worked father partners rita eager change subject look sugarcane rita spoke silent line naked waist marched small patio caught eye strange strange asked companion
uh restless answered trying put feasible story couldn sleep decided walk saw light shack curious uncle martin put warm hand niece shoulder gently let house night air inside uncle martin suggested bedroom moment surprise lay bed thinking seen uncle reaction imagination running leon superstitious fool uncle kind suddenly bedroom door opened stood uncle martin tall glass liquid looked milk special herb drink natives explained offering glass help fall asleep dear awake person sniffed drink looked meaningfully smiling uncle thank uncle sorry happened tonight foolish goodnight goodnight dear uncle martin gently closing door morning rita downstairs find friend sitting quietly living room happen night sworn heard rita stopped short suddenly realized wasn listening empty look eyes
morning party explorers sun professor helped hank linda don put wet suits diving equipment brrr linda dipping hand icy lake water cold water freezing try divers stayed edge lake close shore safety wrong farther blacker water special underwater flashlights beam linda flashlight picked object soft lake floor covered slippery slime finally lifted saw wasn gold ten minutes later divers land linda showed find funny looking gold ask don snickered unzipped wet suit hank held hand let linda quietly hank turned chunk rock held nose suddenly excited copal exclaimed linda frowned special incense aztecs clean protect temples tombs answered professor treasure rooms hank added asked don impatiently professor turned eyes glowing presence copal lake means stumbled biggest treasure room cried gold
protoplasm living things found cells cells units structure give living things shape living things cells living things consist cell living things millions millions cells cells small seen microscope cell carries activities living thing cell look dutch lens maker anton van leeuwenhoek invented microscopes microscope observe objects human eye later robert hooke englishman improved microscope believed saw cell actually saw part cell cell wall learn cell wall later chapter scientists powerful microscopes able parts cells discovered cells types protoplasm nucleus cytoplasm cells nucleus nucleus found center cell dense structure round shape nucleus controls activities cell plays important part reproduction cell cells cytoplasm cytoplasm large mass protoplasm surrounds nucleus cytoplasm carries activities cell exception cell reproduction earlier living things divided groups plants animals
roots plant branches anchor plant soil plant roots root hairs growing surface cells root hairs absorb water minerals plant needs soil absorb oxygen dissolved soil water water minerals oxygen pass root hairs root stem plant stem supports plant brings leaves water minerals roots leaves food stem carries parts plant flowering plants petunia marigold carnation tomato soft stems flowering trees bushes hard woody stems woody stem outer covering called bark underneath layer growing region called cambium layer makes diameter stem increase cambium layer called wood growth ring formed find age tree rings counted center stem called pith plant stores materials water minerals absorbed roots travel leaves thin tubelike cells stem cells vascular system transports needed materials parts plant vascular system composed kinds tissues called xylem cells phloem cells xylem cells carry water minerals leaves roots
pistil female reproductive organ located center flower surrounded stamens top part pistil called stigma enlarged bottom pistil called ovary egg cells flowering plant formed ovary close look inside ovary small structures called ovules ovules produce egg cells stamens male reproductive organs stamen consists thin stalk upper end stamen box structure called anther anthers produce yellow powder called pollen pollen tiny pollen grains pollen grain nuclei called sperm cells fertilization place pollen grains brought anther flower stigma flower stigma flower kind transfer pollen called pollination pollination carried wind insects pollen transferred stigma flower process called pollination transfer flower plant process called cross pollination pollen grain landed stigma pistil sperm nucleus reaches ovules ovary pollen grain grows thin tube called pollen tube narrow neck pistil reaches ovule
boone stayed week leaving unwrapped mysterious parcels carrying tobacco host bottle perfume mrs shea opened box drew lovely doll rosy bridget handed danny box water colors pad drawing paper noticed liked pictures stammering thanks children ran examine gifts real regret rancher wife watched boone broad shoulders disappear burro bend road boone farther north liked cool days chill nights late october told headed warm desert lands slowly south boone stopped friend big john carlson miner lived mountains round big john disappointed boone staying winter pointed calendar warned boone danger getting caught blizzard mountains don crazy snow nearest neighbors south haven heard think homesteading sixty miles high mountains boone mind winter desert pleading friend started south
clutching container held white tail paul lieutenant macintosh climbed dinghy settled boat saw beaufort bomber heave giant whale breath disappear icy depths north sea dinghy tossed restless sea lieutenant macintosh wrote message thin strip paper took carrier attached white tail leg gory shaky message hand cut bleeding tossed bird air watched disappear crew saw darkness fell white tail reached coast carrier pigeons fly dark sea night shivering crew steered westward moon stars minutes hours busy taking fifteen minute spells paddles meantime winkie flying fast home loft flew water water wings heavy oil flew clear blue sky dull clouds mist hang motionless sky wind whistled past strong wings flapped steady rhythm soon rugged outline scottish coast appeared waves broke monotonously gray granite cliffs city aberdeen winged past bridge dee bridge don brig
story starts shortly turn century days indians arizona warpath looting murdering war department troop fourth united states cavalry put rebellion army quickly effectively indians confined reservation told behave troop ordered home station walla walla washington meant tiresome journey traveling overland horseback started fine column cavalry troop commander riding head guide flags fluttering proudly breeze skirted edge desert night camped foothills find stream place graze horses early morning bugler sounded reveille troop ride home cavalry moving northward arizona desert wild colt hills thin scrawny ugly seeing line horses neighed greeting neighed friendly fashion beautiful horses sleek fat groomed finest horses country selected united states cavalry troop famous horse gray troop known gray horse troop
twenty june st alban abbey seething color pilgrims england worship golden shrine saint bones beggars gathered hungry hordes extra dole give celebrate townspeople country folk procession led abbot wearing wonderful embroidered robe henry abbey high mass lingered church court seeing seen hearing telling news adam perkin skirted north side church slipped herb garden corner clumps tall lavender monk working adam squatted pulled perkin crept hands knees tangy fragrant plants wriggled hedge side herb garden vegetable gardens rows green cabbages leeks peas beans bit orchard fish pond stopped minute look carp perkin thrown nick bread adam abbey wall climb give leg adam bit wall big barn adam toe fingerhold top wall knees elbows scraped hand perkin help
adam give nick meat saved nick dog walk hind legs roll play dead set brown eyes melting eagerness wait till adam gave signal fall gobble going bread perkin yes adam firmly minstrel dog learn entertain took bread wallet handed perkin liked give nick course perkin bread walk perkin held hunk bread nick recognized master stood hind legs walking requested snatched bread perkin hands safely reach stopped chewed head thrown eyes rolled boys till whites showed moved picked rest bread ran farther stopped chewed distinctly laughing dame let scamp st alban low door thatch room house
reined big horse boy grant mercy adam flung leg horse broad standing heath perkin jumped forward took horse bridle adam flung roger tight hug roger took shoulders held look grown roger re faced freckles bleached wouldn give pulled hen clothes dressed seen sight france england liked half pulled boy close bent tall kiss cheeks adam horse friend perkin nick roll play dead look roger roger watch nick bouncing trying roger face lick roger patting hand stretching perkin knight colchester roger days jousting feasting tales romances brought france sir edmund generous horse bayard roger wonderful adam eyes magnificent war horse named bayard adam reached stroked bayard nose felt smooth warm hard hand red lined nostrils flared big lips moved expected tidbit eat
moment final tumble landed rigging stuck ready fly breath sailor scrambling umbrella held wind twisted umbrella sailor brown hand reached handle working fingers catch umbrella suddenly ceased green furled helpless stick petticoats sailor brought closed umbrella captain examined fine umbrella bit worse cruise put cabin show chinese umbrella looks umbrella stood weeks cabin door standing hallway house air smelled salt tarry ropes umbrella moved motion vessel quietly sleepy maddened horse trying break loose bridle seen corner cabin door deal heard smelled felt land air smell sea birds borders ocean land birds singing twittering commerce moved smoothly quiet river cries unlike sounds american voices smells gardens incense dead fish
noises bush changed entirely eerie sense activity unseen creatures called boomed lonely note possums squeaked scampered dingo howled foxes barked frogs croaked bird heard screamed pain going sleep night fell creatures wilderness wake busy mysterious affairs starlight bright tilted eyes wolf picture book looked screen saplings heard inquiring sniffs martin hand closed barrel gun moved visitor vanished turning attempt find comfortable position saw ghost floated mid air pale white glowing misty hastily martin shut eyes opened burning kind cold fire teeth chattered wriggled farther tree gulp relief remembered penny told big bulges fungus grew trees shone weirdly night covered phosphorescent paint simple explanation terrifying cheered lot fell asleep hoping woke daylight wasn dark pressed possums fighting
going slowly trying muddy water nick waded pool stopped foot trace alligator waited standing perfectly mud settled wet brown dust bottom looking clear water alligator mud outline body smooth mud head thin line marking tail carefully nick reached fingers open ready grab fingers touched mud suddenly shoved hard oozing mud felt rounded body thrashing jerking hand held muddy alligator feet short legs clawed uselessly hand mouth opened snapped shut fast yellow eyes blazing nick surprised grunting noise gator holding gator tightly nick washed pool feeling jubilant began slogging dinghy alligator grunting reached boat floundering mud knees heard noise loud abrupt hissing sound twisted coming mud pale yellow eyes fixed enormous alligator hissing nostrils end bony snout
trees maple trees growing wood north season early spring farmers sap begins run trees maple syrup sap farmers begin process boring holes trees careful tear bark harm tree hole goes hollow peg spout hang bucket spout sap runs hole bucket farmers empty buckets larger bucket sap house boiled water boils sap maple syrup left sap boiled longer turns sugar ago early settlers sugar maple sap today sugar sugar cane maple sugar camps york vermont pennsylvania ohio camps sugar syrup states countries sap trees south sap pine trees cut parts pine bark sap runs metal cups sap sap maple trees sweet thick gummy sugar put sap pine trees large tanks called vats
jack frost comes birds fly south animals ready cold winter animals sleep winter nap coldest parts winter dig holes ground sleep holes raccoon getting ready winter eats eats grows fatter fat climbs hollow tree soon raccoon sound asleep naps coldest days winter asleep won feel winter cold won food sleeps body food ate winter spring won fat thin warm days raccoon run likes climb trees strong claws climb tree faster cat likes sit high tree raccoon sleeps daytime hunts food night eats kinds food things likes fish mice frogs toads likes farmer corn helps farmer eats bugs raccoon weighs twenty pounds fat body covered coarse hair hair gray gray hair black tips proud tail fine tail bushy tail black rings looks wears mask black hairs eyes
eskimos mongoloid live greenland northern canada siberia alaska chinese japanese called mongoloid yellow skin straight black hair oriental type face unlike large number china japan fifty thousand eskimos word eskimo means eaters raw meat lands covered snow ice eskimos eat meat raw wood fire cooking wood hard find arctic places eskimos live hard find summers short trees grow arctic land short summers cold winters winter temperature falls ninety degrees summer temperatures high hundred degrees eskimo country called land midnight sun summer days dark sun shines winter days dark sun shines hundreds hundreds eskimos lived arctic cut hard lives spend trying alive hard food warm sturdy clothes
afternoon eleven storm rode skaggs bridge bicycle answer radio appeal riding miles heavy rain truck twenty sixteen twelve eager prove twelve help flood truck traveled muddy roads river nearest flooding stayed afternoon morning worked hard stopped coffee sandwiches put high bank truck country store skaggs bridge left bike bike asked store bike telling put kind bought paul rebuilding bikes twenty working barn house avenue lean bike strong paul let paul worth store half past morning knew boy talking understood boy bike swiped couldn help feeling upset didn understand part paul let boy point put bike
kid sister cheryl bragged sioux grandpa joe iron shell friends lived city knew indians movies tv impressed stories maybe exaggerated grandpa reservation sound glamorous return home iowa yearly summer visit grandpa exciting tale tell authentic sioux article show listeners cheryl moccasins grandpa visit gave small round flat rawhide drum decorated painting warrior riding horse taught real sioux chant sing beat drum leather covered stick feather end impression showed friends grandpa picture ashamed knew glamorous tales told didn real thing friends laughed picture grandpa wasn tall stately tv indians hair wasn braids hung stringy gray strands neck grandfather didn live tepee part log part tar paper shack rosebud reservation south dakota grandpa visit ashamed embarrassed died
returned village told dream wise tribe gave iron shell understand meaning dream iron shell piece iron times believed gave protection evils unhappy days terrible thing happened iron shell young homes soldiers white boarding school angry lonesome parents young girl wed iron shell resisted teachers attempts change try learn turn school blacksmith shop walked place knew medicine brought learn white iron iron shell blacksmith worked trade returned reservation treasured medicine bag gave vision quest anymore grandpa quit talking stared disbelief covered face hands shoulders shaking quiet sobs looked began speak bag son mother father leave fight war ocean
famous walls troy built founded city iolcus ruled sons pelias succeeded father king mild gentle war wanted hard king lead conquests brother pelias war knew mind plotted overthrow brought pelias reign king iolcus iolcus feared pelias loved angered slaying pelias war let live village distance iolcus found hidden house dwell wife infant son jason fearful son knew someday jason grow strong bold youth king pelias uneasy pelias slay son slay father memory loved pondered ways son reared king pelias find friend centaur wisest creatures half half horse dwelt mount pelion thought centaur rear jason
days king harry ii england forests north country set king hunting shoot deer penalty death forests guarded king foresters chief forester wood equal authority sheriff walled town lord bishop abbey greatest royal hunting grounds sherwood forests towns nottingham hugh dwelt head forester wife son robert boy born town called rob soon rob strong walk chief delight father forest learned draw longbow speed true arrow winter evenings greatest joy hear father tell bold green outlaw summers defied king foresters feasted king deer fond mother sighed saw boy face light woodland tales gentle birth hoped son famous court abbey taught read write cap awkwardness answer directly truthfully lord peasant boy took kindly lessons happiest beloved bow hand strolled listening murmur trees
evening forest glade group clad lincoln green sat fire roasting venison making merry suddenly twig crackled sprang feet seized weapons look widow sons clear voice instantly stepped forward tis rob cried welcome sherwood forest rob greeted heard story widow sons stout stepped comrades ye band sadly lacked leader birth breeding skill found leader young brothers told band choose leader bring sheriff shame capture golden arrow band agreed turned rob news bring nottingham town asked rob laughed truth brought sheriff shame mine pleasure won golden arrow boot prize ye word bestowed maid seeing stood doubt continued gladly join band common archer older skilled stepped forward rest tall dark rob recognized green
christmas church st peter rome filled noble lords knights bishops priests watching king franks charlemagne meant charles looked king big feet inches tall loved ride horses hunt strong loved eat paunch didn slow swim faster nobles charlemagne soldier military conquest doubled size kingdom forced barbarian christians charlemagne kingdom spread western europe mainly took land today call france germany northern italy map page ruled land europe days roman emperors hundred charlemagne capital rome aachen town west germany charlemagne rome christmas city pope leo danger enemies noble families rome guilty crimes pulled pope horse nearly succeeded cutting tongue putting eyes
grunted pulled big wagon hill wagon loaded heavy blocks stone cathedral stone blocks weighed ton pulled wagon ropes tied chests took straining power pull wagon peasants nobles merchants willingly animals build cathedral believed strongly god christian faith cathedrals built middle ages beautiful tallest buildings europe modern times higher story buildings today middle ages cathedrals reach heaven inside look heaven windows colors glass colored windows showed scenes bible gorgeous paintings carpets statues decorated gold jewels took build cathedral took longer reason cost lot money town ran money cathedral stop reason pride town wanted build bigger cathedral neighbor cathedrals getting taller grander finished cathedrals built centuries
large crowd gathered front bishop palace wanted trial francis rich son thought francis crazy town leading playboy friends parties drank night francis war home sick death weeks finally francis changed care parties drinking anymore began giving money beggars took care shut special hospitals ugly disease called leprosy francis father peter angry wanted francis store sell cloth francis wasting money helping useless peter thought son crazy francis praying rundown church believed heard voice francis repair church francis sure god spoken wanted serve god need money fix church thought fine cloth father store took sold town francis father soon found peter red anger called son thief demanded francis put trial stealing
splash splash tony jim jumped city pool splash black puppy jumped don jim dog frisky swim swimming pool frisky didn listen fun began swim circle let stay tony wish jim won let dogs swim pool pretend don tony pretend cried jim big sign boys looked pool sign dogs pretend read tony frisky home jim jim caught puppy took home jim left frisky house ran pool jumped splash change mind asked tony didn frisky home home jim running grass asked tony pretend frisky jim looked couldn pretend frisky sign splash jumped water jim mother home let frisky jim caught puppy took home shut dog backyard pool jim met dad white stopped car re going swimming jim
pretending pretend kinds things pretending real airplane looked birds wanted fly began pretending fly story told boy wings flew sun sun burned wings boy fell sea told stories fly worked pretending real big wings boy story put wings jumped top high hill didn help fly fell ground give dream flying worked worked kind wings wings pushed ground fast took ground air knew air find stay airplane put machine move air fly birds airplane fly faster faster thought airplane fly airplane called jet flew balloon filled air let
morning school tim stopped watch big machine making hole bank building liked look hole dream big going machine won need money going trade tim boy liked trade wanted trade frog string top airplane wings tim boy ready trade tim looked hole dropped lunch box clunk clunk lunch box rolled bottom bottom latch broke open lunch fell hello tim called husky bottom hole lunch box big machine making noise hear hello tim called began crawl fence watch lunch tim bank husky turned started scolding tim saw box dropped lunch latch broke open tim didn hear husky guess boy school lunch guess tim grinning
greek soldiers crept quietly city trojans asleep woke tried fight greeks soon killed greeks trojan women children slaves stole treasure set fire city ulysses plan worked helen rescued war ten fighting wanted home shared treasure sailed ulysses set home ithaca ship meet storms pass dangerous islands sailors told giants monsters lived islands weeks sea landed island look food fresh water top cliff big cave taking goatskin wine ulysses set explore island found climbed cliff tired hungry reached cave shouted answer going saw huge cheeses buckets milk let eat wait owner ulysses suddenly heard noise cyclops eyed giant herding sheep cave rolled rock entrance close eye glared greeks growled soldiers home troy ulysses food water
ulysses sailed laughing tricks played cyclops giant son poseidon god sea poseidon watched ship furious crew hurt son laughing growled laugh revenge landed safely island ulysses divided crew groups eurylochus drew lots search food guard ship eurylochus won told carry swords afraid meet hungry giants walked hours saw island deserted stopped look cried pointing smoke rising trees follow eurylochus careful crept quietly edge wood palace stared beautiful woman stood steps welcome led hall table laid guests prepared feast sat round table began eat tell filled cups wine soon full food wine began sing dance enjoyed noticed eurylochus
rowed hard reach days wind blew filled sail tired crew glad rest oars wind grew stronger black clouds hid sun lightning flashed lower sail mast breaks shouted ulysses late giant wave rolled ship smashing ulysses thrown sea drowned ulysses clung broken mast lifted wave saw land letting mast swam morning sea calm princess shore found ulysses lying beach took king ulysses told happened king promised help home ithaca king ships ship left evening ulysses sleep wake ship reached ithaca crew carried beach poseidon sea god passing chariot saw ulysses asleep drowned storm cried punish helped ship sailed leaving ulysses shore poseidon raised hand flash ship sea round crew turned rock poseidon smiled rode ulysses woke beach lovely lady standing
vikings northern europe believed explored settled north america sailing atlantic ocean arrived iceland greenland islands atlantic ocean happened hundred christopher columbus north america leif ericson viking leaders sailed coast newfoundland called country vinland reasons viking settlements survive stories tell fierce battles natives vikings stories historic heroes vikings called sagas stories tell gods heroes vikings facts show big change climate greenland cold climate driven vikings problems home norway caused leave settlements return mother country reason viking colonies disappeared forgotten christopher columbus famous voyage explorers settlers left land north america forgotten beginning america land mixture population columbus italian backgrounds board ship spaniards english irish portuguese jews negro sailed part crew famous voyage model america future population begun nearly hundred ago
english largest group america parts hoped jobs wanted freedom america offered america movements immigrants western europe immigrants england scotland wales ireland southwestern germany half million small number chinese civil war immigration stopped wave immigration began close civil war movement lasted western europeans northern europeans norway sweden denmark finland million journey america largest movement immigrants twenty million arrived america western northern europe eastern southern europe czechs slovaks hungarians serbs poles russians large numbers nearly million jews eastern europe million peasants italy america countries immigrants rumania greece turkey albania syria movement wide japanese filipinos east indians mexicans start homes united states looked america happier
immigrant groups able find jobs europe farmers worked farmers shopkeepers factory workers looked kind country irish farmers poor look land farm america start business stayed mainly cities eastern coast quickly laborers irish immigrants country indentured servants means agreed number exchange passage america earlier country colonial newspapers advertised irish servants sold debt paid employer let servant giving small amount money hundred dollars freed servant looked job paid irish worked construction workers irishmen worked railroads coal mines factories women worked servants contractors hired irish immigrants ships landed york port immigrants paid americans irish immigrants replaced workers cheaper hire newcomers caused bad feelings irish americans irish workers found jobs mines found working conditions poor hurt killed safety laws
rudi brother herd dog scrambled pine forest searching lost arrow waited find walter glanced cold peaks alps white autumn snow smelled shouted rudi holding arrow small brown hand smiling happily barked wagged tail barked found arrow nose keener rudi sharp blue eyes ferns rotten log rudi handed arrow brother try walter maybe hit evening bell rudi shoot home goats getting restless wind chilly goats feeling oncoming night nibbling downward standing legs walter arrow crossbow drew leather sighting target suddenly pressed trigger twang sped arrow utter surprise walter saw bury center target hit hit shouted rudi jumping happiness father walter eyed quivering arrow hit bull eye felt proud happy glancing alpine peaks turning rosy sunset light walked tree pulled arrow calling rudi let home
walter felt jumping bed rushing father knew wonderful altdorf watch blacksmith shoe horse play fountain village children drink mug sweet cider bear inn bear walking cage inn eagle drooping perch altdorf big place pack train pass market place going italy knight shining armor riding beautiful horse gessler tyrant boy heard mother say walter getting angry talking added thoughtfully told walter tonight mention overheard father home child children forget talk full secret hope remembers terrible gessler hear revolt son william tell wouldn fear wife walter likely lad honest william tell sure hold tongue sieve full holes
entered narrowing valley fun sing shout listen sounds voices echo faintly tell strong dark legs moved fast walter sing breath running trail curved walter pointed cave hillside lived monk loved land uri father lonely brother klaus live dark place pray son replied father klaus happy mountain folk ill bread klaus comes comfort woman loses husband mother child klaus pray walter thing hunt fight till soil klaus god sure happy lives dark cave yonder soon walter saw roofs altdorf stone towers uri gessler castle william tell happy mood changed walter heard mutter knave busy rat wheat rick towers grow higher soon gessler live spy put free iron bars
maybe enchanted house times thought number secret magic number banished bad brought things stars stars orion belt stars stood polish camp mother separated children matthias camp happening joey girls live peasant family polish camp girls hard conditions pretty decent winter nights stars shone steadfastly months mother finally camp returned buried heath mother face grey hair turned grey gloss alive miracle matthias found stars watched stars night twin brother christian shot dane leaped rushing house christian dog closer companions babyhood
andrea liked borrowing interesting happened adventure trail grey lady hidden corners house generations left fascinating fragments lives accumulation things order freshly spring attic room bookcase jammed yellowed schoolbooks children distant ancestors books belonged mrs husband andrea look greedily saw chests filled suits widow discarded clothes don easily part things mrs say memories clinging andrea fancied memories actually clinging things dusty faintly moldy smell odor memories andrea brought say mother careful things memories clinging gave mrs sighed heavily andrea sighed sympathy looked tilted head blue eyes beneath smooth black hair full timid appeal andrea put sweet look forgot angel fact wild creature head full notions gangling arms legs grew fast mother continually letting hems dresses
coffee filled room fragrance caliph purred andrea rattling dishes mrs knew andrea child doctor began talking husband illness operation death andrea asked sympathetic questions attentive listener subject endlessly interesting mrs grey lady gradually developed liking andrea talking matthias joey heavy basket full split wood worked silently joey sheer glory able help big brother worshipped imitated job pack split wood basket later pile kitchen stove concerned wonderful forever week parsley street fate caught talking thing mother took hand registered school complained sisters pestering writing arithmetic quiet minute loved miserable protested learning glad introduction difficult subjects rest class
aunt edith coming stay days mother pam scott asked scott aunt edith frail lady mother mind nice walk park school going fun pam frown mother don forget strong find things won wear scott knew taking care frail lady aunt edith black hat gray dress looked frail mother lunch scott asked walk aunt edith yes nice started pam scott took hold arm walked slowly street soon field boys started play ball boys called say scott throwing ball aunt edith stopped looked scott scott aunt edith called boys bat
mrs lin looked tony took box shelf open mrs lin box big cake look tony mrs lin asked cake didn pick dollar cake days ask let dollar half tony looked cake cowboys frosting horse frosting horse happy birthday jonathan cake boy tony flowers girls wrong yes big cake tony mrs lin big cake dollar half guess tony mrs lin anna jo want tony school thank mrs lin tony walked bakery started school walked slowly thought anna jo anna jo helped city children fun didn talk anna jo didn laughed didn games played anna jo helped learn games
big museums smithsonian institution large museums building days things inside building building institution museum children museum touch things display statues building institution candy store look machine makes smell candy smell candy store inside building kind machine clock train look inside clock watch run watch train hear coming tracks jump hear train sound coming train coming loudspeaker inside building find stuffed animals bones animals past stuffed animals glass bones touch bones animals put animals past looked nice days show smithsonian institution building hear play fiddle sing song
edward held breath waiting moment tapped lightly windowpane dog cocked head asking gesture feet wheeled continued street edward sighed surprised dog collar license tags dangling sighed pretty sure forgotten bed suspected hammer yesterday lying backyard getting pretty wet frost tools edward felt dogs getting certainly coming nearer decided bed didn hammer mother notice rain letter carrier turned corner edward lingered watch dudley mail sack tremendous black umbrella juggle wore black slicker glistened rain shining mud splashed rubbers plastic cover hat late moved slowly tired dudley coming edward mother room mrs frost window poor stay ask cup coffee edward waited dudley turned walk ran front door opened
week passed achieve needed privacy quick change act mother taking jimmy sally downtown shoes bobby going skiing father usual office home empty house twenty minutes beeline beauty clay according directions washed case faint dash powder nose wrapped sheet protect pretty frock accurately blue serge middy blouse took small wooden spatula manufacturer thoughtfully provided dug jar beauty clay peculiar shade grayish green spread face neck hairline telltale wrinkles hide directions urged talk smile twenty minutes clay dry thing wanted talk smile later reverent silence suffice fact thick green clay dried firmly place suffice face neck felt cast cement sensation reassured obviously happening sat bolt upright chair let happen fifteen minutes sitting doorbell rang decided ignore doorbell rang jangling conscience
bobby looked couldn understand deliberately send punishment trouble hideous half hour remembered ordeal looked mirror expecting results wipe memory suffering reflection met eyes certainly changed varying angry scarlet skin rubbed greenish splotches clinging maybe thought portions wedded hair gazed wearily hope abandoned face raw body beautiful looked body boiled worse illusions cracked wide open silver knife look red bobby add troubles hear family assembling downstairs mother voice hildegarde set table dear moved sheet bobby took sheet mother saw scarlet splotched face exclaimed concern hildegarde feverish move feel forehead backed burning fever applying table face half china cupboard mumbled frostbitten rubbed snow
drivers challenge wide variety conditions mad dash baja peninsula rough rugged course takes stretches oven hot desert steaming dry lake beds high mountain passes guarded towering pine trees route original mexican road ribbon sand starting north running miles southern tip baja truck drivers carved road barren desert famous racecourse baja race starts finishes stretches paved highway fourth total distance sections cars race unpaved roads deep holes jagged rocks easily cut tire shreds mexican official race baja challenge drive autos wild region test cars mapped routes peninsula routes took white beaches blue pacific desert buggies dune buggies home baja powerful engines oversized tires help travel sand high speeds roads dune buggies match heavier baja cars rough unpaved terrain re tough beat kinds cars baja challenge desert mountains road heavy duty pickup trucks swift single seat buggies
danger lurks mile baja run burning hot temperatures overheat engines sudden rock slides block roads wrecked disabled cars line barren desert highway lucky drivers pushing fighting baja sooner later trouble catch driving baja test nerves strength stamina driver fight steering wheel foot treacherous road remain alert ready trouble knows baja sides waiting waiting mistake drivers roar past weird looking desert plants called found small corner grows high feet inches rain plants oldest living things baja reaching age drivers call polar bear rock strange rock formation shape polar bear rocks familiar landmark baja drivers estimate traveled miles checkpoint matter baja dark mountains stretch entire length peninsula ago fiery lava poured volcanoes mountain range today mountain sheep deer deadly live blue green ocean
ago nomadic indians wandered trails crisscross baja later prospectors combed mountains searching gold found died effort baja give easily intruders rough land easier baja run buggy single extra driving check map sure follow roads maps cars lost wild desert baja tries destroy car challenges rugged terrain flying rocks pebbles desert chief weapons batter underside car pieces baja machines skid plates lightweight sheets metal protect bottom car baja weapons fog rolls pacific morning masks nearby mountains clings plants covers road blanket hides rocks dangerous holes baja run change suddenly moment buggy racing barren desert road climbing wild beautiful mountains towering pine trees replace chill air high mountain passes baja driver change driving strategy sooner later baja racers mountains face enemy unending desert sand
stated public debate wets drys led wide differences strong feelings drinking finally eighteenth amendment change constitution passed amendment illegal manufacture sell ship alcohol beverage united states support law obey law finally repealed removed prohibition studies drinking help alcoholics supposedly problem drinkers drinking stopped law believed morally wrong person drank believed problem drinkers willpower help believed preventing alcohol problem drinking dismissed doctors refused treat problem drinkers patients hospitals refused accept alcoholics thought alcoholics skid row bums helped today health groups government agencies interested public research conducted help understand alcoholics alcoholism centers treating alcoholics set known kinds drinking problems kinds drinkers kind drinker called problem drinker cooperative commission study alcoholism government study group defined problem drinker
social medical economic problems caused misuse abuse alcoholic beverages industry subject criticism pressures industry answered claim alcohol alcoholism alcohol free temptation robs control industry high taxes pressures subjected alcoholic beverage industry help solve alcohol related problems answer claim alcohol alcoholism alcoholic beverage industry publicized medical groups medical facts show alcoholism illness loss willpower industry question alcohol alcoholism industry points drink alcohol lose control drinking alcoholics alcoholic beverage industry comments concerning high taxes pays states industry charge high prices products order cover taxes amount money goes taxes larger amount left profit cost producing packaging marketing bottle whiskey sells total tax remaining pay industry profits costs alcoholic beverage industry trying bring public attention industry position taxes
read americans preferred rum switched whiskey scottish irish whiskey makers america american drinking practices taking place today studies provide information help answer question studies show amount liquor united states rose millions gallons liters number americans number drinkers rose amount liquor drinker increased fact studies shown average amount liquor drinker increased gallons liters gallons liters drinking widespread percentage americans drink greater study gallup polls drinking help answer question findings polls listed figure figure shows change percentage americans drank percentage late rose percentage higher lower percentage american women drank examined greater change seen gallup poll found percent women questioned drank
feel americans quickly accepted drugs certainly drugs living things drugs dangers questions drug effects drug period discovered scientists beginning discover effects longtime drug instance antibiotics sulfa drugs greatly reduced spread diseases exposed bacteria viruses diseases cases exposure body build immunity natural resistance germs asking able fight germs say lost natural ability fight disease fear rare case sickness spread quickly epidemic epidemic large supply drugs treat disease point outbreaks kinds influenza vaccines prevent kinds kinds influenza caused kinds viruses viruses immune drugs viruses offspring strong survive drug treatment inherited immunity parent cells
common stimulants kind called amphetamines amphetamines form tablets capsules called pep pills abusers form amphetamine known injecting veins call shooting speed dangers abuse stimulants drugs named chapter pointed chapters type medically drug abused depressants depressants called downers relax person part body sedatives tranquilizers depressants treat high blood pressure epilepsy sleeplessness mental illness known dangerous kind sedative kind called barbiturates barbiturates form sleeping pills narcotics kind depressant narcotics called opiates natural source opium opium poppy narcotics treat severe pain stop coughing control diarrhea narcotics medicines codeine cough medicines narcotics injection veins pain killer morphine injected narcotics dangerous side effects tightly controlled law narcotics considered dangerous dependent call drug dependency person drug taking effects desired
european settlers american colonies drug substances brought europe early apothecary shops beginning opened colonial cities early religious group known shakers began making selling drugs doctors pharmacists spite variety substances drugs patients encouraged medicines opium pain relieving sleep producing effects opium believed curing powers medicines opium illnesses fevers coughs pain disorders mind attention addiction end nineteenth century opium eating common social habit opium smoking introduced america chinese helped build railroads west problems drug addiction united states worse developments developments drug morphine hypodermic syringe morphine narcotic opium times stronger opium hypodermic syringe instrument injecting liquid drugs body morphine injected veins pain relieving effects quickly noticed morphine quickly relieve pain treat sick wounded soldiers civil war end war morphine addiction common soldiers known army disease
american cancer society report released surprising showed number died lung cancer risen increase percent percentage increase lung cancer deaths twenty times percentage increase population increase number deaths lung cancer explained due diagnosing recording reporting death real increase existed paper hand increase real air pollution cigarette smoking blame suppose tobacco companies favored idea increase number lung cancer deaths reported caused diagnosing recording reporting tobacco companies health researchers reasoned kinds cancer deaths show increase diagnosed recorded reported deaths kinds cancer show increase figure shows percentage increase number lung cancer deaths shows percentage increase number deaths kinds cancer find studying graph shown figure number deaths lung cancer increased percent
tobacco spokesmen noted nonsmokers lung cancer drew attention study cases lung cancer mercy hospital pittsburgh study showed half treated lung cancer hospital nonsmokers tobacco industry called attention reports connected cigarette smoking diseases lung cancer spokesmen pointed known researcher felt cigarette smoking diseases blamed cigarettes find scientific reason widespread effect researcher reports connecting heart attacks lung diseases cigarette smoking complete stated reports public proven facts spokesmen tobacco industry pointed research dr twins sweden period fifteen doctor found difference number cases coronary heart disease smoker nonsmoker twins studied industry spokesmen noted government survey women smokers showed surprising result number cases heart trouble women smokers half number cases nonsmokers finally tobacco spokesmen noted idea smoking health connected based statistics pointed statistics prove disease
researchers think smoking friends smoke tend imitate try customs friends recommend customs researchers believe person friend smokes person smoke imitate friend friend offers cigarette researchers think young attitudes smoking encourages develop smoking habit found smokers began smoking teens report started smoking felt look grown smokers felt smoking showed free adult controls young attitudes smoking important reason young start smoking researchers believe kind personality person influence smoking habits personality means total qualities mind body person health researchers studied smoking habits young connection personality smoking surveys conducted researchers connection personality smoking dr eva dr brian newton massachusetts compared smoking habits thousand students success students school home social smokers poor grades home friends
soon sun morning stepmother woke children lazy bones forest gather wood fire gave piece bread eat dinner stepmother started lead children deep forest short distance hansel looked house stopped looked stepmother stay mother boy white cat sitting roof house sure crying nonsense replied stepmother cat morning sun shining chimney hansel seen cat wanted stay walked drop white pebbles pocket ground soon reached thick part forest stepmother children gather wood fire cold hansel gretel gathered high pile wood soon blazed bright fire woman sit children rest find father cutting wood part forest finished home
hansel forest fast walked nearly hours big lake blue water asked boy bridge comes boat cried gretel mistaken white duck swimming children ask gretel gretel began sing duck help poor hansel gretel bridge boat let sail white friendly duck bank hansel sat wanted sister lap heavy kind duck let duck children wished carried gretel hansel happy children find part forest remembered walked saw things remembered saw father house began run bursting house threw father arms poor sad children left forest full joy finding safe
poor widow lived cottage children called snow white rose red flowers grew front cottage children snow white quiet gentle rose red rose red run jump meadows seeking flowers catching butterflies snow white sat home helping mother house reading sisters loved dearly walked hand hand talked agreed separate share ran deep forest gathered wild berries beast harmed hare eat green leaves hands fawn graze side goats frisk play birds stayed perched boughs singing accident happened stayed late forest night lie moss sleep morning mother knew worry spent night forest dawn morning awoke saw beautiful child dressed shining white sitting
north pole discovered april rear admiral robert peary united states navy admiral peary north pole negro matthew henson fact henson trail breaker peary expedition ahead pole reaching forty minutes admiral henson actually stand top pole latitude ninety degrees north directions south admiral peary log book arrival north pole recorded arrived today marches cape columbia matthew henson colored ootah seegloo eskimos sledges dogs expedition command succeeded reaching pole honor prestige united states america henson english speaking companion peary reported scene eyes plant stars stripes matt north pole brown face hood white fur white ice white snow negro henson planted american flag top born farm charles county maryland matthew alexander henson harsh childhood mother died father married matt father died
spike led group fifteen running ahead engine pulling train cars turned turn rolled roll occasionally upset pack dropping suddenly raced top speed result tangled squirming mass yelping happy dogs enjoying mix stood watching thought hard feeling ugly slashing sharp fangs physical temperament spike stood dogs paws big palm hand matted fur protection cold surface snow legs big wrist chest broad powerful sort frame developed hours harness pulling heavy loads fur soft silky gray morning mist big plume tail arched proudly head picture tiny pointed ears stood upright tents eyes grave tender twinkled mischief stood looking mouth open sure laughing times push coaxingly rear hind legs slap chest big paws pleading romp weight nearly knock balance
weeks later chilly morning took jet plane boston flew straight arrow southeast miles hours landed san juan puerto rico driving rain stepped plane tropics warm damp airport building palms bright flowers stories hotel took room applegate taxi care business morning boarded small plane flew due east miles st thomas lay cluster islands looked written handful emeralds tossed careless pirate brilliant blue sea bright sunny pilot told freddie rain puerto rico rained paid attention cold st thomas miles east san juan dry spells asked freddie mountains rain puerto rico high st thomas answered pilot warm st thomas average temperature winter degrees summer degrees city charlotte lay steep hillside swept crescent docks harbor looked odd trifle run
henry early newspapers look paper looked picture smiling lady caught eye henry knew lady told wrote problems maybe explain problem lady write problem girl pesters paper route stop henry tried think lady answer letter write talk problem girl mother won thought henry mrs quimby knew problem able ramona listen ramona listen henry began fold papers picture paper gave henry idea santa claus ramona listen santa claus henry grinned wait christmas eve christmas eve climb quimby roof yell fireplace ho ho ho ramona geraldine quimby yell deep voice stop pestering henry huggins paper route won leave toys ho ho ho henry loud santa claus sound truck driver think santa claus asked henry turning red
angry voice peggy jump leave horse shouted bart teach told stop rapped princess crop princess reared tearing lead rope riding master hand bart cried riding master crop sight horse crop shy don talk bart shouted father mother important hear turned strode street mean treat horse peters peggy wish princess didn belong riding master squinted peggy princess belong bad hoping love princess care love friends giving workout needs trip treats princess peggy understand friends workout princess peters peggy rider moved ranch peggy began ride soon walk exercise princess peggy eyes danced yes cried ride wouldn crop
call upstairs jackson peggy leaped nearest horse princess princess raced street paying attention cars minute dash killed bart farther ahead cross street cars peggy catch princess reached peggy managed reach princess leaned forward hold reins easy princess easy girl bart dropped silly crop easy girl princess grew quiet led stable policeman led peggy horse stable led princess bart silently stood wall peggy began give princess rubdown looking unhappy helped sorry princess whispered worked tell peggy saved peggy didn look bart couldn forgive worked princess coat smooth bart spoke peggy princess apartment overlooks park seen riding give let ride peggy surprised felt sorry bart bart crop
map maker map small part earth surface bothering curve earth makes map find show round earth flat surface map exactly globe ways understand differences map globe globe pictures left watch globe hand map printed row twelve illustration shows sheet paper equator map poles skilled workers cut sheet soak liquid cement place carefully plastic glass ball paper damp stretched shaped ball lie smoothly exactly poles fit markings continue gore boundary lines rivers place names perfectly matched check globe classroom properly matched making map map maker tries represent surface round earth flat sheet paper tries find transfer grid globe flat surface globe fairly accurate model earth map maker peel map globe twelve
lands europe inhabited forests cut ago fields cultivated pasture thousands european cities columbus sailed voyages discovery europe reminders past castles palaces cottages cathedrals ancient temples traditional ceremonies customs ago side side remembrances past find modern buildings ways living find europeans united states feel home europe region nations days early explorations forty million europeans united states imagine americans trace ancestry nation europe americans visit place ancestors heard stories country visit makes stories vivid read homecoming sea skye imagine visit country family janet american girl scottish descent parts united states canada south africa england gather week ancestral home isle skye
ways understand nation imagine living seeing try imagine british boy girl eleven living england live city suburban town house built brick stone row similar houses workers district manufacturing city modern bungalow thatched cottage big house surrounded shady lawns apartment flat family garden flowers vegetables house electricity lighting mother electricity gas coal cooking furnace refrigerator windows screens living rooms bedrooms open fireplaces cold weather job start fires morning start breakfast tea cereal milk bacon eggs dinner middle evening meal supper called tea buy fish chips fried fish potatoes street stand special treat ice cream school middle september late july school hour half lunch dinner
beginning important measurements size recorded measurements build ideas measurements play important part present knowledge live measuring things daily part scientist scientists matter area science chemistry biology physics geology careful accurate accurate scientists rely reports scientists tools measurement important high desk find measure distance floor top desk record measurement show ask classmates measure height desk ask write answer show classmate compare measurements vary slightly recorded height desk nearest half inch classmate measured nearest inch maybe classmate measured nearest quarter inch measurement correct person reports measurement inches happened measurements carefully person obtained answer purposes measure things nearest inch
scientist wants measure material matter makes object unit measurement length saw experiment copper wire length objects temperature volume saw experimented water volume water temperature weight weight object according high unit measurement scientist scientists solved problem unit measure called mass mass amount matter object weight depends standing arms legs head body top mountain bottom weight body changed body think astronaut space farther earth weighs astronaut reason weighs took space suit suddenly thinner weighs farther center earth weight changed mass changed remember mass quantity matter object astronaut mass changed
thousands looked stars believed measure distance earth believed hold finger arm length front line object distance moving finger look distance eye hand cover eye finger jump side fixed background move hand rapidly covering eye finger jump rapidly side side effect called parallax farther object parallax jump background experiment objects difficult measure distance objects accurately eyes eyes close increase distance eyes artificially parallax increased distant objects measured accurately astronomers discover parallax stars matter instruments believed distances stars measured german astronomer friedrich wilhelm discovered making closer stars shift side side finger distance measured
summer letter clayton clay mclean opened wanted writing hawaii letter martha mother friend clay mother hawaii met father father army clay mother hawaii married written lot letters friend writing clay asked spend part summer vacation family didn clay mind martha known answer letter airplane ticket days later clay high pacific ocean thin clouds clouds deep blue water clay sat closed eyes thought fun hoped put seat belt told landing soon martha husband john met plane girl stood side hello clay shook hands john martha janet clay seen prettier girl dreamed hawaiian girl look janet small slim didn weak large brown eyes pools dark water
janet friends going surf tom tim brothers worked janet asked clay tom tim pulled car rust jumped met janet hello clay shook hands tom clay age tim younger tom ready learn surf clay smile lit face skin dark sun ready clay answered smiling let tied surf boards roof car janet clay climbed seat ride beach short house matter islands tim beach beaches tom janet agreed swimming big waves surfing beach going clay asked seen lot pictures hawaiian beaches won ready tom going black beach road turned clay smell water hear sounds waves car small hill beach mouth fell open
clay beach janet tom tim looked worrying watching tom helped water tim janet knew air tom added janet put hand arm half ocean inside clay sat mouth tasted bad part breakfast sand water forced end surf asked tim look bright side tom clay asked worse drowned tom explained side boy happen don tried ride wrong part wave janet hit head surf board fine surf board tried kill clay started tom stopped rest cold rest house clay janet laughed won hours planning give matter fact clay won let tom
dad look sheep dog hair cut school walked bell saw mike park play ball called mike stop play ball hair cut didn hair cut soon teacher called mother hair cut teacher dad talk call teacher money hair cut walked street looking money going called mike hair cut money bell don give money mike yes hair cut let cut hair mike money sit cut soon heard snip snip heard mike laughing fun cut hair mike snip snip snip don cut stop stop mike hair cut money boys walked street soon laughing saw dad looking dad laughing dad going bell bell looked
bell asked becky tim walk cat mittens took mittens park bill big kite guess bill going fly becky tim looked kite looks fish becky fish kite bill want help fly tim string tim took kite string mittens ran walk slow called becky kite going hit tree stop tim tim didn stop kite tree bill let string kite bill took string tried kite tried didn tim bill tree high fly fish kite tree becky stick tim big stick tried kite fall becky stick kite mittens saw kite slowly tree look mittens becky bill catch becky catch don let kite bill took string walked slowly kite mittens tim
mittens called denny basket mittens bell cat bell let denny mittens home denny walked slowly room sat bed want ride spaceship turned light bed mmmm denny heard sat bed asked mmmm bed denny spaceship denny jumped bed ran room mom dad called hear spacemen bed dad mom denny room spacemen tv mom heard mmmm denny hear mom dad room don hear dad look heard mew mew mittens looking spacemen mom basket spacemen sleep dad turned light denny didn hear mmmm soon sleep denny bell asked bell spaceship bed jump bed hear bell catch space catch denny mom dad help mittens
curious feeling alice shutting telescope ten inches high face brightened thought size going door lovely garden waited minutes going shrink felt nervous end alice going altogether candle wonder tried fancy flame candle looks candle blown remember seen thing finding happened decided going garden alas poor alice door found forgotten golden key table found possibly reach plainly glass tried climb legs table slippery tired trying poor thing sat cried crying alice sharply advise leave minute
heard splashing pool swam nearer thought walrus hippopotamus remembered small soon mouse slipped thought alice speak mouse think likely talk rate harm trying began mouse pool tired swimming mouse alice thought speaking mouse thing remembered seen brother latin grammar mouse mouse mouse mouse mouse mouse looked inquisitively wink eyes understand english thought alice daresay french mouse william conqueror knowledge history alice clear notion ago happened began ma sentence french lesson book mouse gave sudden leap water quiver fright
mouse person authority called sit listen soon dry sat large ring mouse middle alice eyes anxiously fixed felt sure catch bad cold dry soon ahem mouse important air ready driest thing silence round william conqueror favoured pope soon submitted english wanted leaders late accustomed usurpation conquest edwin earls ugh shiver beg pardon mouse frowning politely speak hastily thought mouse proceed edwin earls declared patriotic archbishop canterbury found advisable found duck found mouse replied crossly course means means find thing duck generally frog worm question archbishop find mouse notice question hurriedly found advisable edgar meet william offer crown
end big barn sort raised platform major ensconced bed straw lantern hung beam twelve lately grown stout majestic looking pig wise benevolent appearance spite fact cut animals began arrive comfortable fashions dogs jessie pincher pigs settled straw immediately front platform hens perched window sills pigeons fluttered rafters sheep cows lay pigs began chew cud cart horses boxer clover walking slowly setting vast hairy hoofs care animal concealed straw clover stout motherly mare approaching middle figure fourth foal boxer enormous beast nearly eighteen hands high strong ordinary horses put white stripe nose gave stupid appearance fact rate intelligence universally respected steadiness character tremendous powers horses muriel white goat benjamin donkey benjamin oldest animal farm worst tempered
june hay ready cutting midsummer eve saturday jones drunk red lion till midday sunday milked cows early morning bothering feed animals jones immediately sleep drawing room sofa news face evening animals stand longer cows broke door store shed horn animals began help bins jones woke moment store shed whips hands lashing directions hungry animals bear accord kind planned flung tormentors jones suddenly found butted kicked sides situation control seen animals behave sudden uprising creatures thrashing maltreating chose frightened wits moment gave trying defend took heels
toiled sweated hay efforts rewarded harvest bigger success hoped hard implements designed human beings animals drawback animal able tool involved standing hind legs pigs clever think round difficulty horses knew inch field fact understood business mowing raking jones pigs actually directed supervised superior knowledge natural assume leadership boxer clover harness cutter horse rake bits reins needed days course tramp steadily round round field pig walking calling gee comrade whoa comrade case animal humblest worked turning hay gathering ducks hens toiled fro sun carrying tiny wisps hay beaks end finished harvest days jones biggest harvest farm seen
reasons americans canadian neighbors important reason canada united states common discover share let consider geography countries look map pages trace international boundary canada united states map answer questions lakes canada united states share rivers share put charge lakes pollution control project cooperation want major physical features canadians americans share direction features extend east west north south think direction features help obstacle building roads railroads united states canada direction features east west building roads railroads countries affected americans canadians speak write english language canada official languages english french naturally french speaking canadians prefer language large areas canada speak french french canadians live areas learn speak english order canadian government working hard place french english languages equal basis
appalachian highlands extend eastern canada comparing map page map pages canadian appalachian region occupies provinces parts provinces highlands uplands cover canadian appalachian region hillsides covered trees trees timber industry important region farmers plant harvest crops lowland areas annapolis valley st john river valley prince edward island quebec provinces located canadian appalachian region referred atlantic maritime provinces examination maps pictures canadian appalachians seen face land physical region series tree clad uplands separated parallel valleys inlets sea areas lowland map pages cities towns scattered fairly evenly region names provincial capitals locate region map page small region compared rest canada bodies water region named tongue physical region divides lowlands distinct parts region west tongue lowlands lie entirely province ontario look heading think lowlands called east tongue canadian shield lowlands lie mainly province quebec think called lowlands ground generally flat climate milder farther north flat land mild climate encourage grow crops farming important activity
spanish word cordillera means chain mountains mountain range extends west coast north america mexico alaska locate cordillera maps pages let imagine going travel car east west canadian cordillera trans canada highway starting city route shown maps pages refer maps pages driving foothills rocky mountains find area breathtaking beauty want stop look community agree looks inviting place stay tomorrow head north beautiful lake jasper national park side trip takes trans canada highway beauty park makes detour worthwhile trans canada highway cross british columbia gap mountains called kicking horse pass floor pass mile sea level mountains side higher boundary alberta british columbia follows line highest peaks rockies line peaks called continental divide side divide rivers flow east side flow west
look sky clear night hundreds stars glittering deep blackness space stars part enormous star system galaxy called milky billions galaxies milky scattered vast nearly empty space universe galaxies billions stars heavenly bodies painting page shows milky spiral shape pinwheel arm pinwheel star call sun stars universe sun huge whirling ball burning gases lights night sky stars balls fairly solid material called planets give light stars reflect light sun main planets revolve sun painting planets earth moons thousands smaller planets called asteroids travel sun orbits mars jupiter sun family planets smaller bodies called solar system recent begun explore neighbors solar system united states astronauts neil armstrong edwin aldrin jr human beings set foot moon
canada occupies continent north america globe dotted lines canada approximate boundaries vast country extends northward conterminous united states north pole opposite side north pole canada soviet union occupies eurasia canada covers nearly million square miles ranks largest country soviet union larger size canada divided ten provinces territories map chart page canada independent country democratic form government british possession canada close ties britain queen elizabeth ii britain queen canada addition canada belongs commonwealth nations pages organization includes britain number independent countries british colonies million live canada small population large country canada opportunities crowded areas canada vast forests rich deposits minerals natural resources meet human needs industry trade expanded greatly canada nation today canada enjoy standard living highest book information land climate history canada
board train vancouver large port city pacific coast canada travel eastward rugged pacific mountain region region part highland area extends western side entire continent north america train travels fertile valley fraser river deep valleys cut high mountains part canada train window steep slopes coast mountains map page dense forests cedar trees giant douglas firs evergreens grow mountains train moves slowly climb rugged uplands lie east coast mountains journey miles jagged peaks rocky mountains loom sight snowcapped peaks rise eleven thousand feet sky towering wall mountains forms barrier railways roads fortunately passes trains travel train moves kicking horse pass reach elevation feet highest point journey train winds eastern slopes rockies enter western plains canada western plains part vast region plains extends continent north america arctic ocean gulf mexico western edge plains land gently rolling
gray thread beezus carefully outlined steam coming teakettle spout thought pretty young aunt gay understanding wonder mother favorite sister beezus hoped exactly aunt beatrice grew wanted fourth grade teacher drive yellow convertible live apartment house elevator buzzer opened front door named aunt beatrice beezus felt ways beezus sewing ramona holding mouth organ teeth riding living room tricycle needed hands steer tricycle blow note harmonica sound groaning dear dear beezus tried pay attention tied small knot end piece red thread embroider teakettle laughing mouth conceal knot secret grandmother inhaling exhaling mouth organ ramona closed eyes tried pedal coffee table looking ramona cried beezus watch re going ramona crashed coffee table opened eyes dear dear moaned harmonica pedaled ramona inhaling exhaling beezus looked pot holder ramona don play bendix
holding ramona hand crossing streets beezus lingered rest library hoped stopped smiled ramona think reached glenwood branch library ramona wouldn carry ears ramona flatly inside library beezus hurried ramona boys girls section seated chair front picture books ramona whispered book duck wouldn ramona loud voice beezus face turned red embarrassment library looked ramona ears smiled sh whispered miss grownups librarian frowned direction re supposed speak quietly library beezus selected book look ramona funny story kitten falls goldfish bowl wouldn ramona loud whisper want find book miss evans children librarian select book ramona beezus noticed miss glance disapprovingly direction grownups watched ramona smiled look beezus agreed ramona quiet find book beezus selected book returned picture book section found ramona sitting bench arms clasped big flat book
beezus feel ramona sulked library beezus pleased miss evans children librarian sitting desk miss evans kind librarian understand sisters hello beatrice miss evans sister heard beezus wondered miss evans heard ramona yes ramona hesitantly miss evans bad girl interrupted ramona smiling winningly librarian miss evans wrote book ramona ashamed wrote purple crayon erase embarrassed beezus handed miss evans big steve steam shovel mother gave money pay damage explained librarian turned pages book didn miss page finally ramona ramona pleased sorry interrupted beezus try library books reach miss evans consulted file cards drawer page book damaged library longer ask pay book sorry rule cost dollars fifty cents dollars fifty cents
house circle end dead end street soon houses circle paved street half finished house empty lot kids watched weeks wanted sneak explore house actually decided mike sam riding bikes circles pavement chris maureen took asked mike girls late sam bet stopped fix hair chris angrily bike house asked maureen mike waiting let chris left bikes front yard walls house front door heavy piece wood front doorway opening bottom move wood squeeze inside skeleton house rooms walls wooden posts going floor ceiling fours sam show rooms close door
looked shoe picking chris stared room getting dark light hard staring hard spotted shoe middle room doorway seeing reaching shoe looked morning wanted maureen called chris chris yes okay called weak voice shoe careful maureen hurry hurry thought chris hurry friends chris help standing shouting hurry chris looked shoe white sneaker blue stripes side talked mother buying shoes chris wished settled cheap leave tell mother lost chris maureen re getting tired waiting help shoe called mike chris stood knew knew walked room step
chris cat scared started wasn chris bent cat face face held hand kitty kitty cat looked wildly trying find poor cat thought chris looks cold hungry chris talking kitty voice soft low poor thing look taking care don mother lick fur fluffy cat sign listening chris wanted move closer knew wait let cat move idea hit chris neat pet care play home chris smiled thought pet boy chris mother clean fluffy hey thinks look anyway lot alike friends chris arm starting hurt holding cat knees put arm knee steady talking cat tone voice
thread linking theme modern geography course earth geographic themes location place relationships places movement regions relates physical features earth living things found earth reason impossible geographers carry accurate representations models earth models earth globes maps globes maps serve basic tools geographers familiar tools everyday referred globe found classroom library lost map find important study geography globes maps provide perfect representations earth specific advantages disadvantages globes dimensional models earth globes globe shown page mounted central rod axis spin globe slowly looks earth rotates axis space important advantages globes relate shape globe model earth shape sphere earth globe accurate representation shape earth globe follows spherical shape earth landmasses bodies water illustrates shapes earth surface addition globe accurately represents earth grid parallels meridians direction distance place
dark winter night england fire glows fireplace warming cold study sits desk candles desk cast shadows wall poring maps drawn charts sailors sailed coasts africa south america tracing coasts finger suddenly stops seeing unusual pulls candles closer light taking scissors desk cuts shapes continents tries fit pieces jigsaw puzzle pieces nearly fit bulge east coast south america fits exactly bulge africa west coast mind questions fight attention mean landmasses separated atlantic ocean connected study francis bacon famous scientist bacon wrote scientists observe resemblances unite nature resemblances suggest ways things related idea large continents joined appealed scientist searched ways observation experimentation explain things found nature bacon interest resemblances shapes continents led study looked especially relationships called developed hypothesis scientific assumption landmasses fit wrote broad expanded north narrow pointed south large map top page supports hypothesis francis bacon formulated wrote smaller maps illustrate theory idea explaining proven developed bacon hypothesis
weather condition atmosphere short period specific location average daily weather conditions period known climate location place factors influence distribution climates earth surface factors known climatic controls latitude altitude proximity land water latitude important climatic control area absolute location high latitudes cooler climate area absolute location low latitudes climate cooler part differences angle sun rays hit earth angle sun rays strike earth helps determine amount sun energy place receives sun rays hit earth vertically equator vertical rays concentrate energy sun small area giving place heat result equator receives sun energy sun heat latitude amount sun energy earth receives decreases poles sun rays strike slant slanting rays spread sun energy wider surface area areas middle high latitudes receive slanting rays cooler places equator angle sun rays strike earth seasons diagram page occur earth tilts axis tilt angle sun rays hit earth change earth makes yearly journey sun equinox occurs sun rays strike equator directly days nights equal length earth spring equinox march sun rays hit equator directly
spring summer volcano named mount st helens suddenly violently awoke inactivity volcano located cascade range miles kilometers south seattle washington march huge crater opened top mount st helens steam smoke poured memory emissions continued days brought enormous devastating blast riveted attention americans erupting volcano earthquake registering richter scale shook north slope mountain gases pent mountain suddenly escaped force send column steam volcanic ash feet meters air lava erupted blast blew entire north slope cone shaped volcano trees blast blown matchsticks torrents boiling mud water traveling miles kilometers hour flowed mountain toutle river eventually columbia river seventy died declared missing blast million fish died heated water rivers thousands birds animals died prevailing winds picked volcanic ash eruption carried eastward cascades ash choked skies reduced visibility washington nearby cities road rail traffic standstill airplane travel radius hundred miles canceled inch centimeter layer ash blanketed land idaho smaller particles stayed aloft air surrounding entire earth days mount st helens looked completely place big blasts finally quiet shape lower elevation upper slopes totally devastated
late united states consisted original states located atlantic seaboard eastern edge continent states parts continent west sparsely populated predominantly rural federal census population united states million increased million expected reach million despite increases american population growing slowly past limited immigration falling rate natural increase account slower growth early limitations immigration millions entered united states era unlimited immigration ended laws enacted immigrants admitted strict quota system based national origin today immigration laws immigrants compete equally entry united states reason decline population growth united states low rate natural increase birth rate united states fallen live births live births today death rate fallen rate deaths deaths today decline results major improvements health care nutrition despite lower death rates lower birth rates resulted low rate natural increase calculated finding difference birth rate death rate rate united states today percent rate remains lower percent found rate natural increase created structure makeup american population
founder dallas john neely bryan arrived horse dog rifle lead shot skillet thought found ideal site settlement bryan concluded grassy rolling prairie perfectly situated head navigation trinity river flowed southeastward gulf mexico planned establish steamboat landing trinity set business trader thing bryan failed check nature trinity river entire century boats dallas shallow river lack river traffic hamper growth dallas bryan built cabin route westward bound wagon trains soon busily supplying needs found ready market trade indians buffalo hunters rest dallas continued grow dallas residents call big city affectionately known optimistic big city united states dallas thrives energy spite age looks clean city skyscrapers parks beautiful residential areas home dallas cowboys serves transportation hub southwest dallas fort worth airport country largest busiest dallas ranks nation important electronics centers leading manufacturer women clothing aircraft oil field equipment spite wealth glamour dallas pockets poverty lights shine brightly south trinity river navigable serves today boundary wealthy poor south river lie hundreds rundown public housing units areas plagued repeated robberies unemployment stands double neighborhoods north river
imagine traveler place south america physical setting survey looks move note differ south americans today incas control vast empire flourishing cities productive farms capital amid jagged peaks andes relay runners stationed short intervals carry messages organized empire indians inhabit settlements scattered rest continent soon spanish portuguese conquer region alter cultural setting forever south america consists physical regions andes system eastern highlands central plains jagged peaks andes stretch entire west coast south america miles kilometers form high walls mountains panama north tierra del southern tip colombia andes break separate fingers separated magdalena river valleys peru bolivia andes form parallel mountain chains enclosing high elevation plateau called altiplano elevations feet meters altiplano highest inhabited areas earth eastern highlands consist blocks ancient worn mountains eastern south america lower andes average feet meters elevation higher points eastern highlands reach feet meters amazon river divides eastern highlands guiana highlands north brazilian plateau south andes eastern highlands lie lowlands known central plains geographers divide plains subregions llanos colombia venezuela amazon river basin brazil gran chaco argentina pampas argentina
bolivia landlocked south american nations ranks poorest countries land windswept plateaus jagged mountains country struggling modernize bolivia size texas california combined major physical features highlands andes lowlands east andes variations climates andes extend bolivia altiplano separates la capital lies valley altiplano elevation feet meters bolivia cold dry suitable farming peru part central plains stretch middle south america east andes lowland cover area highlands climates range tropical wet dry subtropical countries south america indian imprint remains strongest bolivia today economic political problems disrupt country ranks continent poorest fourths bolivians live highlands densely populated areas lie altiplano lake titicaca valleys eastern cordillera government encouraged indians leave overcrowded altiplano resettle sparsely settled lowlands move found difficult adapt physically lower elevations reluctant leave physical setting knew la sucre urban centers bolivians live rural areas speaking indians account percent percent speak spanish speaking mestizos comprise percent population inhabitants pure european ancestry represent small minority
feet meters sea level frigid reaches andes live knows inhabited windswept plateau lake titicaca peru bolivia hard lived region thousands independent fell victim inca conquest incas replaced rulers spanish late thousands indians died working mines spanish held stubbornly land descendants follow traditional styles barren frigid land top land seasons call green ice green lasts october april ice comes south american winter september coming green marks beginning planting season believe choosing exactly planting important believe dreams tell future wait dream harvest comes planting crops special planting finally arrives carefully plant potatoes oca corn beans barley wheat soil desolate region poor harvests meager careful tending crops spreading wood ashes soil fertilizer grow feed families typical village cases village related villages feature tiny room houses pounded earth rug covering serves floor houses windows small door faces morning sun furnishings low platform beds stone
waters nile river providing relief desert unforgiving heat arid conditions nurtured oldest civilizations egypt pyramids stand symbol ancient civilization today egypt rich cultural heritage strategic location give unique place north africa middle east egypt size texas oregon combined lies eastern edge north africa egypt borders red sea east libya west sudan south mediterranean sea washes egypt northern coast thin strip lowland extends egypt coast sinai peninsula libyan borders thin band receives egypt greatest annual rainfall inches centimeters rain falls rest country southern eastern egypt rain south coast lie egypt seemingly endless deserts east nile rise feet meters form edge arabian desert west nile lies libyan desert northern part libyan desert land actually dips feet meters sea level form depression covers square miles square kilometers numerous small oases dot libyan desert waters tapped drilling shallow wells egypt called gift nile nile ranks longest river flows northward egypt dry landscape massive delta reaches mediterranean sea heavy rains highlands ethiopia nile flood june october sinai peninsula lies eastern edge egypt mountainous desert sinai peninsula served crossroad subregions north africa middle east centuries major transportation links suez canal cuts sinai connect red mediterranean seas
imagine safari swahili journey africa south sahara sweltering jungles broad grassland endless variety animals undoubtedly mind bright birds screech big cats roar feel ground vibrate elephants rhinoceroses rumble past subsaharan africa shifting sands eerie emptiness sahara largest desert separate mediterranean region lands south sahara subsaharan africa wide expanses water indian ocean east south atlantic ocean west south form region borders subsaharan africa stretches vast distances north south reaches northward sahara southward cape agulhas nearly region divided subregions west central east southern africa learn subregions chapters general subregions lie high plateau broken basins deep valleys plateau africa south sahara resembles tall table steep slopes rise coast east west slope especially steep southeastern africa lesotho south africa liberia ghana ivory coast africa western bulge mozambique east slope rise gently lowlands occur narrow strips coast mountain ranges cross plateau individual mountain peaks dot eastern portion tableland peaks mount kilimanjaro soar thousands feet plateau deep basins broad dips earth surface dent africa plateau basins miles kilometers wide sink feet meters top plateau basins reach southward sahara west east southern edge sahara lie chad sudan basins
vast tropical grassland covers southwestern kenya adjoining countryside north central tanzania nomadic herders known masai lived expanse grassland hundreds masai believe cattle herders today masai rely totally herds cattle subsistence milk cattle butter cheese bleed animals periodically sounds unappetizing drink blood serves important source protein resort animal weak graze masai slaughter food addition cattle masai graze sheep goats pastures poor support cattle donkeys haul goods place place follow herds masai live small groups families elders group serve authority figures group members families stay camps flat roofed straight walled mud houses houses area surrounded thick thatched fences cattle measure family wealth night group lives dozen camps masai tear camps rebuild scratch move cattle place place according season need water animals masai population grew compete grazing lands room wander masai continue compete grazing lands water wild animals africa masai realize survive guard overgrazing increasingly difficult reduce pressure pastures governments kenya tanzania encouraged masai settle farmers efforts successful masai prefer wander grasslands home centuries
imagine airplane flying low south china sea enroute thailand australia suddenly huge tropical island comes view borneo largest island largest expanses tropical rain forest covers island air hundreds shades green blend seemingly unending canopy leaves canopy rises falls slope covering hills rocks soil trees climb high mountainous backbone island rivers drain remote highlands create break dense green blanket look closely especially area tributary joins main river spot house patchwork tiny fields clearings rain forest cut clearing find children splashing stream dogs barking chickens cackling smoke rising house nearby sit haunches tell tales past bravery exchange legends tribe listen closely hear legends birds birds play important magical roles lives borneo believe birds including dreams offer powerful omens happen future omens bad omens important part rain forest group hunters walks jungle trail spots small woodpecker group immediately stops
largest oceania lands australia visit australia variety unusual animals animals zoo australia unique animals duckbilled platypus marsupials animals raise young pouch widely known marsupials include kangaroos wallabies smaller cousins kangaroo koalas animals unique australia cut areas thousands australia smallest continent continent entirely occupied nation distinction inhabited continent located entirely southern hemisphere earned australia nickname land geographers divide australia territory physical regions dividing range central lowlands western plateau barrier reef australia highest lands lie dividing range called eastern highlands rises east coast mountains form australia continental divide extend cape york peninsula island tasmania southeastern part range rises feet meters mount kosciusko highest point dry central lowlands west dividing range cover australia stretching north south gulf spencer gulf elevation lowlands averages feet meters huge lake lowlands lake eyre dips sea level lake actually shallow desert lake grows shrinks rainfall western plateau lies australia ancient core boasts abundant supplies minerals elevations plateau range feet meters flat treeless meaning trees plain forms region southern edge indian ocean deserts sandy desert victoria desert cover large parts plateau arid interior mile mile huge sand dunes mark deserts
movement oceania fascinated geographers giant sculpted heads artifacts found easter island mid pacific suggest movements took place chiseled works art pacific islanders actually sail thousands miles island south american indians travel countless miles wide pacific ocean thor heyerdahl amazing journey raft tiki show voyages mysteries remain pacific ocean islands geographers divide islands basic types high islands low islands according elevations sea level high islands mountainous cores include large islands guinea smaller volcanic islands volcanoes formed islands fiji samoa solomons marianas types coral reefs atolls exposed coral reefs form low islands atolls rings coral surrounding body water called lagoon form atop sunken volcanoes atolls seldom reach feet meters sea level examples atolls include marshall islands low islands built exposed coral reefs nauru flat atolls central lagoon form movements earth drops sea level raise coral reefs water surface tropical climates dominate pacific islands cool conditions prevail higher elevations mountainous high islands rainfall distribution varies greatly windward slopes high islands receive inches centimeters rain low islands receive inches vegetation reflects differences ranging tropical rain forests mountains high islands palm trees drier atolls mines produce gold copper nickel guinea large islands volcanic coral islands oceania lack mineral resources
sciences concerned behavior slightly anthropology study culture parts anthropologists provide psychologists valuable information learn affected surroundings studies tribes guinea anthropologist margaret mead found strong evidence male female roles culturally determined biologically determined sociology study human groups science closely related areas psychology chief difference sociologists focus primarily behavior groups psychologists focus primarily behavior individual sociologists conduct culture topics studied sociologists family urban rural living shifts population growth crime voting trends sociologists research basis information psychologists sociology psychology overlap area known social psychology social psychology concerned effects groups individual individuals think social psychologist study leadership patterns emerge group affect group behavior scope subject matter think science psychology existed hundreds actually psychology existed century speculated human behavior offering explain reasoning processes begin study behavior scientifically late stone age mystifying body alive left death happened body sleep unconsciousness
flashes tv screen announcer boasts children brand toothpaste fewer cavities mean toothpaste advertised prevents cavities course advertiser draw conclusion let look claim closely misled thing note basis comparison unclear children fewer cavities children don brush teeth children don toothpaste children brand appears relationship brand toothpaste decrease tooth decay children drink plenty milk don eat cake candy factors influential toothpaste easily data information psychologists aware tendency try analyze data scientifically chapter examine methods psychologists studying behavior scientifically researchers mind guidelines behavior studied measurable behavior able detected human eye measuring devices methods data objective words opinions experimenters enter gathering interpreting data procedures individuals wish experiment expand data able fourth scientists able communicate results experiment scientific meetings articles professional journals data experimenter knew understand finally experimenters organized systematic gathering data means follow orderly arrangement procedures
accepted adult language approved society mean agree language usage distinct differences society pronunciation words visited part united states heard words pronounced differently words vocational groups doctors lawyers mechanics electricians language language common features languages vocabulary english language tens thousands words studied language rules grammar languages rules sound arrangement words finally languages consist sounds symbols specific meanings think word music meanings associate word differ slightly associations common meanings think rock roll think opera referring arrangement sounds tones animals ability communicate honeybees perform dance communicate honeybees find nectar relation hive apes sounds indicating things danger food animals don spoken language psychologists tried teach chimpanzees speak number psychologists raised chimpanzees homes treated human children chimpanzee gua learned speak named vicki learned sounds recognized english words
watched small child drive car mommy daddy doubt importance imitation human behavior models find extremely difficult develop tennis backhand master crafts knitting sewing learn latest dance steps imitation responsible producing undesirable behavior aggression psychologist albert argue based studies conducted aggression defined hostile behavior intent harm psychologists argue behavior inborn grows anger frustration believes aggressive behavior learned essentially process regulating acquisition form behavior words say learn aggressive behavior watching individuals rewards punishments experiments divided number nursery school children groups group watched woman punch kick verbally abuse big plastic doll group saw film activity group witnessed similar behavior aggressor disguised cartoon cat groups control groups group saw modeling activity group saw models acting calm nonaggressive groups children room full toys play freely observers noted children watched aggressive models tended imitate behavior actions words live model brought aggressive behavior cartoon cat control group acted aggressively watched nonaggressive model displayed amount hostility groups
round soft bodies friendly carefree square muscular bodies active impulsive energetic thin delicate tend shy introverted sound strange psychologist developed classification system linked body type personality history tried methods measure personality position stars bumps head lines hand handwriting analysis tell tale signs measures shown merit today psychologists tests measure personality chapter examine psychological tests measure person characteristic behavior accurately psychologists standardized tests standardized test scored interpreted suppose want find classmates theories personality give standardized test personality theories case give score interpret test gave test students city suppose objective test multiple choice type scored results test interpreted give letter grades classmates scores standardized test help interpret scores standardized test set scores compare individual group scores comparison set scores standardized test provided norm group
cooked ready eaten find proper prepare plantains bok doubt unable answer questions mean intelligent grown culture articles intelligence difficult concept measure considered intelligence culture considered pygmy ability hunt prized sign intelligence cultures hunting important measure person culture defines intelligence differ person definition culture educator view intelligence ability person learn biologist focus ability organism adapt environment computer operator stress ability process information chapter discuss concept intelligence explore ways intelligence measured definitions intelligence common elements include aspects ability learn understand deal things adapt environment define intelligence ability organism adapt situations environment individuals intelligent extent adjust situations quickly successfully adjust basis past learning present grasp problems find present knowledge past experience solutions
considering specific techniques involved learning let look entire process learning set facts skill fast process expect improve steady rate achieve mastery graphs show learning progresses suppose measure process learning skill set facts beginning fair degree mastery graph data show shaped curve page learning progress generally slow speeds finally slows graphs learning data individual irregular record previous learning process irregular irregularity comes able measure taking place person learns discouraged slow learning process slowing nearing end total learning process reached fair degree mastery hand slowing stage occasionally plateaus learning graph plateau period apparent progress learning measurable learning plateau occurs learning complex skill learning simple skill psychologists conducted study workers learning industrial job found productivity workers rose rapidly steadily ten weeks job learning ten week plateau plateau rise skill slower rate
picture breakfast table looked morning recall sound friend voice images occur normal thinking psychologists determined capable imagery lifelike detailed images called images image vivid sensory experience person imagery popularly photographic mind studies imagery conducted showing picture subjects short length seconds picture removed subject asked report details picture unusual word word foreign language subject clear imagery able spell word forward backward person psychologist tells law student suspected cheating exam student answer question word word reproduction law case textbook student able recall clear image textbook page reproduce exam faculty decided test student page unfamiliar material permitted study minutes end material asked reproduce writing words single error punctuation exactly imagery imagery examinations imagery guarantee superior intellectual ability fact evidence highest abstract kind thinking visual imagery grown older turned abstract thinking vivid imagery child
read sentence aloud sentence finished files result scientific study combined experience count answer count actually sentence words finished files scientific addition chances missed wrong eyesight convinced case eyes playing tricks exactly visual sensation differed perception sensation perception important concepts psychology sensation refers arousal sense organ environment case eyes aroused writing page perception refers interpretation sensation seen perceived reasons phenomenon complex stated simply expecting find sounded sounds passed times chapter learn sensation perception learn sense fields understanding help increase awareness told humans senses seeing hearing touch smell taste skin senses bodily movement senses person senses able respond low amounts stimulation sensitive light glare match distance kilometers miles clear dark night quiet room hear ticking small clock distance meters feet
think rats reacted rats continually jumped left regardless card left rats jumped jumped halfway cards experimenters wanted find happen original situation presented rats react jumping card square card circle experiment continued stereotyped behavior developed frustrated rats jumped left continued jump left rats jumped jumped cards continued difficult training experimenter able break stereotyped behavior experimenter believed true responses fail solve problem frustrated focused type behavior difficult change getting frustrations conflicts forget forget things forget original thoughts painful repression true forgetting psychologists define term technical purposes say repression selective forgetting forget don want remember embarrassing experience classroom weeks teased incident unhappy say forget meant going try think things kidding making adjustment realizing began avoid situations reminded bad experience thoughts experience
october signals arrival america favorite pastimes hearts pound tensions mount millions americans root favorite baseball team series june signals arrival event dreaded american students hearts pound tensions mount millions students prepare final exams strange equate series final exams watching annual sports classic struggling finals produce symptoms stress chapter examine concept stress stresses face daily lives look ways controlling stress lives manageable idea stress say stuck traffic jam stressful going job interview produces stress say birthday stressful examples identify instances stress define definitions psychologists generally define stress body reactions perceived pressures threats environment symptoms presence stress common symptoms include increased heartbeat rate blood pressure shortness breath trembling indigestion headache loss appetite excessive appetite general anxiety symptoms present experiencing stress stress normal part stress helps handle unfamiliar situations cope events threatening ice cream give person upset stomach stress problems physical level excess stress ulcers high blood pressure heart attack health disorders
pusher seller illegal drugs introduces individuals drug experience large majority instances individuals introduced alcohol drugs friend member peer group study students marijuana reported curiosity main reason trying students reported took drug social pressures friends students supposed thrills kicks connected alcohol drugs reason individuals turn substance social attitudes alcohol substances live drug oriented society constantly faced advertisements showing pills gaining weight losing headaches sore throats going sleep staying awake advertisements alcohol feature young beautiful lot fun advertisements show social psychological physical complications alcohol abuse substance habit suffer withdrawal symptoms addicted substance plan dealing substance abuse problem total educational program students parents school officials designed prevent substance abuse sources inform individuals alcohol drugs including local medical doctors pharmacists public health officials older methods treating individuals physically addicted drugs withdraw substance suddenly completely method decrease amount drug addict period ten days
study human behavior fascinating fascinating choose career psychology career options open psychologist exciting career opportunities background psychology laboratory setting conducting experiments behavior biological processes consider career experimental psychology large corporation promoting relations workers management career industrial psychology career choice children teen agers options school psychologists school systems testing students advising educational plans help students personal problems counseling psychologists perform similar tasks likely older teen agers adults developmental psychologists young study processes language development development intellectual abilities development lifelong process psychologists focus adults young clinical psychologists children teen agers professionals devote helping disturbing personal problems developmental psychologists adults careers psychology newest fastest growing areas relates computers psychologists background computer science design computer programs research backgrounds psychology going government service serve consultants career related psychology career psychiatry psychiatrists psychologists psychiatrists medical doctors specialize prevention diagnosis treatment psychological disturbances
special education teacher title implies person teaches special students students gifted mentally retarded physical emotional learning disabilities difficult learn ordinary classroom setting child dyslexic children tend read backwards confuse letters children autistic autistic children display extreme withdrawal speak respond human contact special education students part school taught regular classroom policy known mainstreaming taught classroom resource room teacher especially trained meet needs cases classes small students receive individual instruction attention special education teachers qualified teach regular subjects reading math teach skills tell neat clean tie shoelaces amount patience needed job overemphasized special education teachers repeat exercise students catch students master concept forgotten week special education teachers deal behavior problems children limited attention span need constant motivation disrupt rest class periodic outbursts reasons teachers team professionals social workers psychologists therapists problems levels lack funds caused increase size classes run classrooms outmoded equipment limited supplies job difficult
social psychologist scientist studies effects group membership individual behavior social psychologists focus topics influence interaction social relationships social perception social psychologists wish explore effects television commercials attitudes study behavior social situations affects individuals social psychologists focus social behavior social workers interested practical research oriented tend apply knowledge social phenomena help overcome personal social handicaps anthropologists study social behavior concerned customs distribution social relationships groups restrict studies primitive peoples australia subject area social psychologists closely related sociologists distinction social psychologists interested primarily individual behavior influenced group membership study individual influence group studies leadership sociologist hand concerned group structure formal characteristics sociologists study groups high divorce rate propaganda influences voting behavior social psychologists highly visible realize news stories newspapers magazines radio television reflect research social psychologists articles prevention riots effects segregation racial prejudice changing styles attributed social psychological sources subjects studied social psychologists capture public interest
lads corporal chirped rear struck responsive chords toiling group times stopped believing meant turned street iron railings trees end relief inexpressible strength gates rest smoke badly needed legs beginning seize passed arch branches bore autumn leaves stopped corporal waving lads round track shouted pointed broad earthen path circled park stared couldn storm protest broke aw corp heart corp smile vanished face movin faster faster stumbled forward black earth borders sooty rhododendrons tired grass couldn believe sudden days ago half helen part looking rear window taxi green hills receding tiled roofs morning sunshine standing corridor train flat terrain southern england slid past weight built steadily chest introduction raf lord cricket ground masses forms fill issue enormous pile kit
knees animal feeling soon cradled mass arms conviction flooded going idea lot going ridiculous impression reinforced began push happened sedated sow heavily wasn straining thing huge supreme effort managed feed inches vaginal opening soon relaxed popped quietly strongest instinct call thing delay end result anyway wasn feeling strong fact permeated leaden armed pervading weakness feels forced small hours try lying flat naked chest cold concrete fought thing till eyes popped breath gave slightest effect mind tell rolling looked panting waiting till wind speak say lord wasting impossible case going home ring slaughterhouse thing morning prospect escape beguiling able crawl helen hour mouth framed words looked knew going say
shook head dispel feeling unreality found incomprehensible want reproduce cedric gaped receiver frightening vision floated complaint course thing wasn hereditary took grip cleared throat mrs ahead pause want supervise mating don think dug nails palms think happier emitting drawn groan took deep breath morning evening obsessed feeling dread acutely embarrassing session store exquisite woman share things feared worst dog confronted bitch heat knows instinctively proceed ivory animal cedric wondered morning fears realised bitch trudy trim creature showed sign willingness cooperate cedric hand obviously delighted meet gave hint part sniffing danced times goofy faced tongue lolling roll lawn charging coming full stop big feet head ready play sighed thought
stared disbelief dial weighing machine stone pounds lost stones joining raf usual corner boots chemist shop scarborough developed habit weekly weigh morbid eye progressive emaciation incredible wasn due tough training arrival scarborough talk flight commander barnes looked contemplative eye won leave knew talking rest pt drill pt drill hours bending stretching twisting prom shorts wind whipped wintry sea hours marching bellowings sergeant quick march slow march turn marched navigation classes bustling raf quick arms swinging shoulder high marched regularly top castle hill fired conceivable type weapon twelve bores rifles revolvers browning machine guns stabbed bayonets swimming playing football rugby running miles beach cliff tops busy change morning weeks flight coming end mile run dropped spa stretch empty beach sergeant shouted rocks let
guard grand midnight biting wind swirling empty square cold bored relief slap butt rifle salute solitary officer wryly wondered romantic ideas training pilot defending grand hotel scarborough comic tramped round short guard route telling sense humour wall tall passed continually grimly trying focus funny wall reminded bailes dog shep creature sense humour think bit bailes place situated half village farmyard walk twenty yards foot walls left neighbouring house front garden farm garden shep lurked huge dog larger average collie fact convinced part alsatian luxuriant black white coat significant massive limbs noble brown shaded head ears stringy animals saw daily round walked walls mind byre visible end yard
parade sick shouted mon mon let doors unhappy group invalids began shuffling linoleum draped small kit haversack pyjamas canvas shoes knife fork spoon sergeant unleashed bellow line lot hurry look lively looked young huddled white faced trembling coughing spluttering clutched abdomen ruptured appendix parade bawled sergeant parade shun parade stan ease shun le eft turn march eft eft eft eft hapless band trailed wearily march nearly mile rain sick quarters hotel spa turned room renewed resolve hang thing frightened spell suggestion drifting high wasn jogging scarborough training runs stop bit shadow boxing fighters idea outrageous true sergeant runs passed claiming alarmed including sergeant desire seen charge bunch apparent lunatics dancing punching air mercifully strength resist thing fell
half dozen waiting room keeping young couple looked strained smiles kim tried rise saw eyes dangling useless hind limb stone hard plaster hung sodden folds course happen forced animals examined prescribed treatment stupor misery shame beautiful dog crazy try experiment leg meant amputation late save death likely hell ramshackle surgery turn kim limping extra stab realise afresh handsome animal bent golden head moment friendly eyes looked mine tail waved peter putting arms chest end lift hoisted heavy dog table flimsy structure disintegrated immediately young ready thrust legs struts trained team till surface level kim stretched side fingered bandage took patience special saw remove plaster stinking pulp hands shook cut bandage scissors removed
lady pets suspect colleagues listened buzz buzz end big voice line bennet hello jim boom delight flattering hiding didn truth told sam sound son look pleasure tell trying meal bring chap evening hands prospect don mess jim wonderful indian restaurant newcastle zoe love met wife yes course indian restaurant eh yes superb mild medium blast bloody head onion lamb gorgeous nan bread mind working fast sounds marvellous fairly secure dangerous territory forty minutes driving newcastle maybe hour half restaurant reasonably safe evening bit house left worry uncanny read thoughts leave jim session garden garden sounded strange november ah maybe proud late chrysanthemums couldn coming harm
disturbing sleeping tent morning awoke early sun beating thin walls hills firth clyde war dreamed evocative tent smell hot canvas rubber crushed grass flies buzzing cloud top pole jerked instant opened eyes half expected find alex taylor eddie hutchinson friends boyhood lying sleeping bags camping weekend easter october leaving smoke dirt glasgow shropshire uncanny tent smell closed eyes pine wood tent green hillside running burn blue mirror glinting mountains argyll desecrated boy fairyland let full wonder beauty strange dwell period teens alex middle east eddie burma tent lot young rubbed helen struggles veterinary practice happened important
food couple days looks miserable wound ill turned septic yes course looked anxiously area flank stitched fingers explored scar slightest sign infection swelling pain healed beautifully stepped looked bull terrier strangely disconsolate tail tucked eyes gazing ahead total lack interest busy nibbling friend paws relieved apathy clearly skipper didn fashion transferred operations front end started big dog ear efforts unnoticed began chew tug harder dragging massive head side concerned hey skipper jing mood rough stuff today lifted gently floor paced indignantly table legs examined bull terrier significant finding elevated temperature hundred jack ill doubt matter high fever acute infection moment difficult pinpoint reached stroked broad skull running fingers curving white face thoughts raced instant tail twitched friendly eyes rolled round master
memory stayed rest lay bed night unable dispel disturbing image brown creature wandering strange sitting asking help knew bachelor friday night week siegfried evening dress preparation hunt ball east ten miles tortuous business days starched shirt fronts stiff high collars hearing explosions language siegfried room wrestled studs worse plight outgrown suit managed secure strangling collar fight dinner jacket nipped cruelly arms managed don complete outfit trying careful breaths phone rang young policeman speaking earlier week dog round begging market place yes managed catch pause found lying roadside mile town brought accident told siegfried looked watch happens james re ready clock thought moment anyway slip round look wait
things stayed memory cow chase deeper sheer terror felt vivid sighting wagon maze lanes side roads cut country quarry disappeared hillside dipped hollows wide vista constantly deceived fact expected turning passing village clearly business thing fun gripped cold dread violent swings alternating scents hope despair wearing point exhaustion utterly drained saw tall lorry rocking straight road front forcing car limit drew abreast sounding horn repeatedly till stopped breathlessly pulled front ran round offer explanations looked driver cab eager smile vanished wasn jeff wrong feller exactly type wagon round wide area yorkshire picking nameless odds ends dead animals didn want strange job strange looking oddly piercing eyes glittered tattered army peaked cap
small talk sat stores seeing friendly face realised enjoy chatting farmers veterinary calls nicest things country practices mind job trouble nearly landed biggest trouble sows reared litters pork weight ramshackle sheds railway line cricket fanatic steeped lore history game talk hours end tired willing listener cricket fascinated grew scotland played moved young pigs part attention focused animals green oval yorkshire heroes seen len hutton saturday breathed reverently hundred eighty gave chance lovely watch im gave fair imitation cover drive yes imagine nodded smiled pigs lame aye noticed em leg mornin maurice leyland nearly classy len tha knows heck clump em yes lion hearted player maurice
isle knew stop looked disorderly line realised wouldn taking part parades pang scarborough classed parade remember ranks blue grand hotel straight grenadier guards standing stiffly looking left boots gleaming buttons shining gold movement flight sergeant led officer round morning inspection moaned loudly rigid discipline bull scrubbing polishing marching drilling meaningful missed files airmen lounged chatted occasionally took surreptitious drag cigarette sergeant front called names list gave leisurely instructions morning taking consulting sheaves papers making laboured notes pencil big irishman increasingly restive finally shouted testily sake sergeant square feet killin sergeant didn look shut mouth brady replied square say filter tank raf heard odds sods finally sorted
things told wasn oscar died lost family look fact home course loved sam didn help early stages sniffing disconsolately oscar bed lie collapsing rug lugubrious sigh thing notion forming mind idea spring helen month shattering night coming cinema end half looked watch clock going oscar helen looked surprise mean drive yes miles smile crept slowly face lovely think mind gibbons sure wouldn let big village cottage end yards methodist chapel pushed open garden gate walked path busy looking woman answered knock drying hands striped towel mrs gibbons aye james wife eyes widened uncomprehendingly clearly meant cat added suddenly grinned waved towel aye ah remember told
bull danny trailing travelled slowly mile danny mounted knob bull apparently stopped looked ahead tracks feet point bull run danny raised thirty thirty carbine shoulder slipped safety forward walked slowly quietly knew bull scented majesty started run forty feet farther tracks monster bear emerged breeches joined bull danny knelt laid spread hand bear paw mark imprinted track longer wider hand majesty danny rose skulked careful break twig rustle leaf noise reveal coming hundred times stalked bear legend shot awaited hundred feet ahead danny saw looking bull lay forest glade head twisted grotesquely body lifeless thrust crookedly upward danny stood peering trees sign monster bear won victory human beings eternally war saw wind rustled trees dead bull bear customary cunning put safe distance dangerous rifle danny hands danny forward looked fine young holstein
red blundering fool woods danny knew difference hunting dogs plentiful knew find wanted train dog red heart brain danny looked sun regretted hours passed short nightfall simply red wandered happily climbed ridge danny trailed straying bull yesterday red walk danny turned steps dead bull sure sign didn want danny ross feel perfectly free bull hide danny broke edge glade red dog backed knees bristling snarling fangs thirty steps majesty stood forepaws kill majesty wise ruler woods smart shot smart danny carried gun outlaw bear rose hind legs swinging massive forearms danny shrank tree awaiting inevitable charge majesty settle standing feud red dog barked flung clearing straight bear danny wanted shriek bear certainly kill tongue dry twisted thing clung roof mouth utter sound
danny stood erect wiped tears eyes act part fetched dog tracked big bear standstill dog heart brain handle bear didn shoot bear blue ribbon red feel nothin marred looking danny dog guess marred dog scratched danny york danny looked saw estate love understand dog device winning blue ribbon danny knew knew happened wilderness dog continued bob going show sort learn bring house beech woods beginning line champions kennels planning believe charge sort fine things danny haven care couldn danny gravely red dog mebbe wouldn allus clawed
dog short leather leash neck walking left robert ring danny skipped thirteen dogs handlers judge fastened eyes red fingernails bit deeply palms hands knuckles whitened happened exactly feared dog ring wagging greet dog red danny knew animated plaything walked ring taught beads sweat gathered danny brow tiny piece paper borne gentle wind current whirled ring settled floor amphitheater twenty feet dogs looked red danny tore eyes idol look dogs swallowed hard seen magnificent dogs seen hard believe eyes skipped feet turned slightly gait slight degree erratic compared red rest setters ring looked sideways tried looking ring couldn eyes arrested dog red rich golden chestnut narrow white blaze face dog glance magnificent red big neck lean head front legs straight strong beautifully symmetrical flowing walked
looked trainman grinned mon passed gate trainman spoke guard baggage car turned wave hand hoist danny cradled red arms lifted open door big dog stood peering tongue lolling tail gently wagging watched danny danny shook hands want thank awkwardly laughed think things seen learned danny thinkin things luck luck danny climbed car guard rolled door shut looked admiringly red dog kid sir takin care hm guard grinned wing huh didn brought uncrated dog car ridden passenger guess owning half railroad makes difference home danny sat wooden crate swinging legs red curled slept train started noise wheels rails penetrated baggage car bit danny crate pillowed head dozed guard tossed blanket softer danny folded blanket head red crouched close train rumbled night times stopped red growled softly door opened receive baggage danny awoke sat lay pillow head blanket
short happy bark red dashed pursuit squirrel hesitated moment big dog sprang easily tree red leaped reared front paws trunk danny shouted red ross turned watch let squirrel doin danny stubbornly don want kinds varmints red squirrel scampered tree disappeared topmost branches final wistful look red trotting grin sheepishly danny danny shook finger red doggone varmints thataway dunno goin stop pappy give ross suggested red kind dog lick hound chased things didn want chase hidin teach matter lettin chase varmints don want chase kinds varmints danny desperately re teachin teach ross set beech woods creek danny looking miserably father kind hunting ross understood kind kill practical ross york dog show talked dog
summer days faded golden shadows frost leave delicate earth riot color danny deep woods ross packing loads traps catching hollow stumps caverns traces scent eliminated climbed mountains travelled streams blazing axe place set trap fur bearing animal getting ready winter abroad red big setter learned important lesson longer chased ran leaped bushes moved slowly bit bit woods wise soon learned partridges game desired worked conscientiously important requisite shooting dog willingness enter spirit hunt roughest faults smoothed learned fast danny taught quarter staying sight respond wave hand danny wanted hunt cover left obey commands dog heeled perfectly lay command remained instructed difficulty danny taught return house leaving danny woods told started retrieving soft ball finished knew going partridge dog red perfect season field birds shot perfect
sun sinking danny straightened trap swung empty pack basket shoulders sighed stretched cramped muscles pond line finished ready remained setting traps danny grinned red feel supper bout walked cabin beech woods kennels empty ross didn dark meant give hour tramping mountains hungry appreciate hot meal red danny walked porch sat top step sniffing hungrily fresh breeze eddied cabin smelled strong hint frost barest promise snow follow straggling line geese flew cabin quavering calls drifted red raised head danny watch fell sniffing bird laden beech woods began pasture ended danny pulled ear stop partridges admonished shoot em spite advise rose red circling happily ahead walked steps big dog snapped stiff point group pines managed find root beeches danny advanced partridges thundered red danced eager feet watching soar disappear beech woods
sharp wind blew side lonesome fluttering leaves rustled red snarled fiercely rushed barking night danny whistled don excited murmured leaves blowin easy red suddenly danny afraid wind carry side lonesome blow leaves cover trail follow ross guess exactly buck search party certainly organized find danny felt direction groping fingers touch rifle flung fell snapped fingers immediately red stood half seen quivering darkness dog lowered cold nose touch danny cheeks whined danny lifted hand stroke shoulder listen slowly emphatically listen careful red home red whined backed danny waited eagerly fingers crossed unsaid prayer heart red home ross amiss bring red look danny certainly big setter lead red sat haunches bent head home danny ordered angrily home red whined stood face darkness wind increased gust leaves blew side hill snarl rippled big setter throat raced barking darkness
danny pelted muskrats mink skinning carefully stretching boards exactly suited furs valuable properly handled inspected critically cabin ross asleep angry red cheeks forehead cooler morning ate soft boiled eggs danny prepared drank bowl warm milk bed sit front stove danny fumed fuss settin hen sixteen chicks ross observed drily bed pappy ah set minute tired bed knew ross smirked help allen meet meadows mule fed cow milked re worse tonight goin call doc shucks need care won care warned danny put hat coat red pondered advisability wearing snowshoes snow valley inches deep open places wind sweep drifted course deeper uplands tops mountains early winter danny left snowshoes hanger walked valley climbed face plateau
deer bedded beneath snow melted packed lain separate lines tracks led beds danny left clear imprint deep soft snow tracks small oval tapered imprint doe hoof doe late fawn danny murmured red follow em red padding patiently danny deeper beech woods passed fresh tracks cutting valley positively identify buck hunting country overrun fawns sound rifle shot rolled beech woods died rumbling echoes sun climbed high strove burn light clouds dusted sky danny stopped brushed snow end moss covered log sat eat sandwiches brought red crouched snow gobbled crusts danny tossed danny rose stood log bearing travelled slowly averaging mile half hour hunted straight north wind miles deep beech woods hunt direction hour swing side mountain quarter bucks beech woods thickets ten minutes later found buck track huge hoof prints led straight wind
red danny snow trail estate south winter caretakers telephones danny gave rings called john bailey listened heard warden voice hello hello danny pickett deputies ruckus lose badge danny wait twenty minutes later john bailey drove yard danny meet tall warden car stood foot running board red forward john bailey stooped pat head looked danny seriously warned days ago escaped convict thought hiding morning ike lowman slugged valley badge rifle rifle cartridge chamber couldn track fifty hunters side mountain morning hunt organized trying telephone caught home demanded sittin house pappy gun john bailey whistled dickens catch read sign danny shot buck mornin beech woods wounded doe fell shot warden badge thought warden
danny looked heap brown earth covered asa lifted eyes mountains anxious frown creased brow uneasiness gnawed stopped ross going hunt persuaded majesty killed asa ross conduct deadly feud varmint harmed pickett household hounds bay majesty hounds certainly giving run ross days danny gaze strayed deep stirred indistinct vision tried clearly dog show sought assume shape form concern directly danny knew mind lived fine dog magnificent dog dog put shame red knelt tickle ear feelin crooned re goin big litter pups red re goin things red sat suddenly head erect ears alert short challenging bark rumbled danny raised head follow dog gaze gasped ross beech woods clearing walking slowly eyes ground left arm limp side danny raced meet passed arm father shoulders pappy met bear ross picket wearily dogs em don talk pappy
majesty red smell presence sign alarmed knew pursuer trail danny looked spring found track follow trail wanted eventually wage battle wits scientific woodcraft fresh puzzle trail hard rocky ground danny looked slope vast number decaying logs lay undisturbed full grubs majesty wanted rest days stray place resting exactly finding danny rose red padding travelled straight top mountain crossed valley head crossed mountain swung sloping nose forested valley struck due east studying ground beneath watching red big setter stalked times hunt partridges scented thickets nose ground danny seen bear track leading majesty circle danny walked due east crossing noses mountains heads walked returned foot slope logs lay
late afternoon broke beech woods clearing saw shanty danny stopped left hand strayed rest big setter head ross stood porch gray haired crisp dressed sports foot steps talking ross danny shook head wonderingly danny pickett terrified bringing dog bringing red danny able cope meet problem cope walked slowly pasture shanty reason undergone change asa hounds ross red remained fact brought transformation danny glance paused briefly sling father left arm rested strayed ross face ross asked dead danny dead ridge met night red killed dark ross nodded thing murmured danny swung face stern red pressed closely legs danny dangling hand rested big dog head fault mine let bear wouldn hurt hurt show spoiled spoiled
ordinary gate fair amount involved stop car open gate drive stop car dismount close thing road anson hall hard labour gates deteriorated progressively approached farm puffing efforts bumped rattled number formidable malignant entity personality decades patched repaired timbers original structure remained dangerous car advanced steps foes gate faced moments silence fought brisk rounds past doubt gate ahead points difficulty wobbly loosely nailed eccentricity string hinge halfway enabled pivot frail axis deadly effect utmost care approached hand side began binder twine string noted bitterly neatly tied bow fell clear grabbed hastily top spar late live thing bottom rail swung rapped cruelly shins tried correct balance top chest times hauled round inch gate buffeted high low match
oooh ooh hoo broken hearted sobbing jerked full wakefulness familiar jangling bedside phone expected gruff voice farmer calving cow terrible sound asked breathlessly earth trouble heard gulping end voice pleading sobs humphrey cobb god sake myrtle think dyin myrtle aye poor dog ell oooh receiver trembled grasp think nearly er quick live cedar house end hill street soon thank ye thank ye myrtle hurry hurry leaped bed rushed clothes draped chair wall haste darkness feet leg working corduroys crashed full length floor helen nocturnal calls half awoke part tried avoid disturbing dressing switching light glow night light burning landing young jimmy system broke thud falling body brought sitting position jim happening struggled feet helen tripped snatched shirt chair dashing desperately urgent case hurry jim won sooner going calm
voyage russia stared john crooks siegfried worked practice postwar book period john crooks assistant later left set practice beverley departed paid charming compliment filling bottle air house released surgery object transferring atmosphere future write john spell moment jump forward order interpolate extracts journal russian adventure john longer worked friend describing experiences exporting animals hull sailed animals veterinary attendant russian thing caught imagination interesting john smiled yes fascinating times real russia lid tour want glimpse country eyes seaman meet ordinary russians commercial workers sounds paid john makes sighed re lucky beggar jobs pretty regularly yes looked closely suppose expression wistful mean course say word sail
sheep looked happy morning nagging cough lincolns eye irritation normal lame sheep improved fact deteriorated slightly running high temperature pen shot penicillin antibiotic spray obviously infection deeper thought sailor constant helper spoke evening flaxen haired young husky shoulders flattened nosed boxer face smiles radiates charm warm animal lover installed lame sheep pen knelt put arms round woolly neck gave hug noticed sheep massive romney marsh rams huge teddy bears find irresistible anyway delighted chosen assistant east end canal widened baltic town round corner tremendous amount shipping passed imposing memorial germans killed war deserted sandy beaches summer houses headed sea found hidden corner deck bit hopping running spot try habit exercise clambering ladders hold nielsen abundant fare
tina fine white beauty ravaged huge laceration pulled skin shoulder exposing naked smoothness muscles bony spine scapula gleamed white blood mess stop rubbing hands superficial put look process inserting stitch pointing invisible wound looks lot miss grantley raptures yes yes murmured professional manner probed damaged area nasty nasty miss grantley clasped hands think save yes nodded big stitching job feel sure pull thank heaven gave sigh relief fetch hot water soon ready action needles cotton wool scissors suture materials forceps laid clean towel holding tina head miss grantley hovering anxiously ready help cleaned area sprinkled dusting powder liberal hand began stitch miss grantley soon action passing scissors clip suture nice smooth start large wound going searched mind light conversation chipped apparently thinking thing wonderful animal goat lightly ah yes miss grantley looked bright smile
josh known cut ear strolled town sundays mondays liable strange looked farm head experience judged josh ten pint mark trimmed meticulously eye level left nonexistent upper hair delved random leaving bare patches parts dangling wisps couldn doubt interesting pigtail lurking yes decided definitely ten pinter twelve fourteen pints josh inclined cast caution simply run victim head clippers leaving tuft front classical convict crop necessitated wearing cap pulled times weeks played safe hair needed cutting josh shop operated strict sobriety sitting days later waiting turn dog sam seat watched barber wonder human nature glow radiance burly chair red face reflected mirror enveloping white sheet contorted seconds spasms pain simple fact josh didn cut hair pulled equipment antiquated needed sharpening perfected flick wrist hand clippers wrenched hairs follicles end stroke
helen adamant morning wasn going half trifle la scala humphrey competing vainly attention blood pressure rising steadily wife squirmed occasionally ran thoughtful hand swollen abdomen scrutinised keenly corner eye gave convulsive jerk lips parted soft moan instant dew perspiration sprung turned whispered think jim stumbling outstretched legs darkness guided sloping aisle panic felt sure crisis reached standing torch thankful reach street car standing yards set notice rattles bumping springs wished rolls royce twenty miles eternity helen sat quiet side occasionally closing eyes catching breath heart beat tattoo ribs reached town turned car market place helen looked surprise going nurse brown course don silly helen laughed baby don remember let home
looked soldiers water edge watch towers dogs luck thought tried dark walked loudspeakers blared directions ship music talking talk talk talk political indoctrination news soviet achievements goes stopping getting tired harbour began streets town inhabitants headed thought centre place streets outskirts simply packed earth applied footpaths muddy puddles stood holes feet deep dug footpaths apparently left heap soil tenements houses poor repair paint flaking roof tiles loose missing houses balconies front upper windows picking reddish clay walked reached main street street cobbled surface proper pavements shops side book shops sell technical literature store full bicycles scooters sports shop roller skates type fencing foils table tennis sets window
ere gripped telephone tightly dug nails hand palm tried sorely regarded calling vet final desperate measure sheer torture mind top extremely pig headed taking advice manage fight farm knew doubt managed suffer pre days war bit older bit pig headed trouble ave heifer badly look morning minute sure wanted lifting phone sure needs seein don pause laid laid sounds soon allus laid couple days mean dropped nay nay nay voice took edge exasperation thick grub week took breath ill week collapsed decided call aye pretty bright head till er legs soon
passed single car darkening road sloshing trough pity drew row cottages end mrs number chestnut row helen written slip paper opened gate stepped tiny strip garden mind busy half formed ideas going say experience practice taught calling unreasonable times knew perfectly words continue exactly say feel need rude ill mannered firm statement position vets liked relax sunday evenings mind coming emergencies object visit animals ill week speech fairly prepared middle aged woman opened door evening mrs slightly tight smiled shyly met seen walkin round market days inside door opened straight low beamed living room glance took shabby furniture pictures framed tarnished gilt noticed end room partly curtained mrs pulled curtain narrow bed lying skeleton thin eyes looked hollows yellowed face
winced jack scott slender frame crashed cow ribs jack didn unduly troubled eyes popped cap slid ear took fresh grip tail braced boots cobbles prepared action trying irrigate cow uterus iodine common postwar treatment infertility cattle caused involved insertion metal nielsen catheter uterine cervix animal didn appreciate attempted catheter cervical folds swung round violently farmer weighed stones whirled repeatedly neighbouring cow feeling winning tube sliding nicely uterus stand seconds job hang jack gasped began pump soon cow felt fluid trickling veered farmer mouth fell open squashed big creatures hoof descended toes soft groan escaped lovely withdrew catheter stepped thinking singularly uncooperative patient jack didn share view hobbling bruised foot front cow put arms round neck ah re grand lass murmured resting cheek craggy jaw looked wonderingly jack
greenhouse garden visit shown twelve plants justifiable pride early july young fruits green small obviously thriving magnificent trusses remembered saying going wonderful crop recall smile gratification face wife continued phone counts morning fact left office today told hundred ninety afraid home kill goat pause think window yes god thud ear crashed receiver found shaking slightly supposed act peacemaker prevent murder anyway ronald derrick gentle humoured certainly resort violence heck going annoyed maybe goat ill feast dashed car scene catastrophe ten minutes derricks home gracious manor house open drive side leading garden roared leaped car sad spectacle lay mrs derrick attractive despite tears trickled cheeks standing strip lawn twisting sodden handkerchief fingers darling saying moment watering think forgot close door
sleep bosporus hotel short apparently minutes roused hotel staff looked sunshine flooding room street washed shaved hurried dining room noel joe suffered noisy party looking heavy eyed captain rest crew sleeping hotel heard thing tough ahead breakfast minibus whisked glittering bosporus city fleeting glimpse wonders frustrating hoped explore treasures istanbul leisure blue mosque saint sophia maybe airport bustle early morning departures aircraft taking climbing sunny sky found ominous sight standing vast shabby scorch marks useless engine dave ed karl didn worried dane whistling young americans relaxed hands buried pockets white trousers straight desk relief fresh faced englishman familiar uniform sir asked smiling cheque book want tickets london flight want pay cheque yes sorry accept personal cheques
ye lionel looked crawled hands knees gap wire netting yes gasped lionel thin slipped aperture snake difficulty unusual farms practice converted railway wagons thought took prize lionel plentiful breed days livestock sideline hobby cows pigs lionel lot housed motley collection large hut side cottage appeared divided hut sections thing hand labyrinth monumental piece improvisation ended bed frames sheets plywood corrugated iron stretches wire netting separating animals doors passages feet puffing slightly calf passed solitary cow pigs nibbled heels lionel laboriously undid series knots tied coarse string enter compartment couple nanny goats regarded impassively grand milkers grunted missus makes cheese em healthy milk infection constant threat milk comparatively immune goat highly regarded wall pen consisted mahogany dining table lying side legs projecting interior
drove farm lady words stayed mind mind later helen soon celebrate ruby wedding forty marriage lucky times think agree grandma clarke house summer morning found replenishing store drugs car boot children alan janet helping took family banged lid boot days glanced smiled calls moment james let walk children running ahead passage garden house sunshine imprisoned high walls wind banished upper air ruffling top leaves apple trees reached big lawn flopped turf rested elbow sat side partner pulled piece grass chewed pity acacia murmured looked surprise beautiful tree soared middle lawn blown gale yes magnificent paused moment remember fell asleep apply job
high hill called saddle ranch county road boy sat horse facing east eyes dazzled rising sun personage visit appearing sudden dark bank clouds east coming edge smiling bowing left lighting smiled snug huddled roofs ranch house began red dark arms windmill gorge glinted twinkled smiling sun morning mister shouted ken swinging arm salute chunky brown mare rode gave wild leap seat riding bareback clapped heels sides leaped head stifflegged arched landed bucked times ken slung nose hanging reins backed pulled free braced dog tugging trouser leg don gasped ken sitting face clinging reins didn jerked head viciously side side ken teeth set anger break bridle thought crafty voice fell coaxing note cigarette girl baby girl responsive change tone flattened ears forward peer spoke faith reassured stopped pulling moved step
nell mclaughlin pulled drop leaf cherry table corner opened leaves comfortably accommodate flung red checked cloth roomy kitchen full bright sunshine windows opened front terrace squares gold painted apple green floor front sink stove baking table hooked oval rugs gay flower patterns brown cat sat stove washing face motherhood hard living ranch deprived nell figure thirty looked older won silver cup mawr round athlete class medium height slender waist curves held belonged trained muscles walked lightness partly natural vigor partly narrow head lifted shoulders face faced danger storm loved hope fear skin tanned light fawn color dry weather beaten smooth lustre persistent care thin lips wide mouth clearcut sensitive curves faintly pink hair soft fawn color fell bang forehead rest brushed shining smoothness fastened bun neck riding pulled pins held let wild wind pale forehead dark blue eyes free looks face ken copied
sharp look horse sight horse thought riding canter ditch tangle briars bushes grown ditch blocked fought ditch crossed barbed wire fences hands knees crawled winded lost breath easily ranch winter laramie slowed plodded left ditch climbed hill gus tim working ditch crooked meadow hear voices tim swinging pick sound blow reached saw pick land mile castle rock beetling rock jutting seventy feet high peaks turrets shaped castle overhung aspen grove end meadow rock father rounding mares foals getting woods bringing meadow slowly ran walking slowly let stop graze scornful things riders galloped yelled drove horses run ken ran hill headed big rock ran stopped wind calculation grazing land sloped barbed wire fence meadow side gate open fastened
opened eyes morning ken knew wrong pushed moment complete awakening lay facing window saw pines hill quiet wind today remembered mares feeling late half hearing early morning noises gus opening kitchen door reason steps kitchen floor shaking ashes making fire didn wake steps going mother voice saying boys slipped bed window hitching pajamas howard terrace underneath ken top head black smooth part exactly centre clean shirt red bandana howard looked hi ken stared answering howard black eyebrows thin mouth straight lines face smiling eyes watching craftily mad tattletale didn tell yer liar ask cigarette tossed found blanket started knew neck lying yer gettin trouble want say let ken swimmin pool gonna hot ken glowered start colts colts summer colts dad left em calf pasture yesterday
foot pasture quarter mile square corner land stable pasture corrals point ran corrals sides stable pasture side county road fourth side calf pasture ran hill green meet called foot pasture fenced barbed wire height feet highest fences mclaughlin ranch end county road stallions ken howard reached corrals preparations completed doc hicks feet built hereford steer wasted meant jobs hundred miles wyoming roads cover high powered dusty black car piled full boxes satchels instruments serums bottles lariats halters big vet mclaughlin talking eye going tim mending fence round corral gelding doc assistant bringing lariat car gus tending fire built fence boys close father stood listening mclaughlin hand dropped ken shoulder natural casual manner important exciting black grease want mclaughlin stable show walked howard gus looked doc black leather bag stood grass feed box gus upturned covered piece nell clean white sheet
ken sat thinking colt week choose ride saddle look yearlings want say ken ken looked father spoke feel friends car sped pass train locomotives passing underneath reached highway running parallel whistled shrilly smoke drifted road shut fog mclaughlin didn speak passed train smoke noise ken giving colt colt want satisfied performance spring maybe think funny give colt deserve flunking exams pulling stunt yesterday hiding ken face sobered looked straight ahead mclaughlin continued don want think letting haven soft don head expect reward haven won reward partnership going need help boys trained give re going train yearling give help breaking train train want pony want
feeling free eye reached nose nell felt soft muzzle shoulders paid attention alarmed smell jumped ross talking rodeo rider union called cowboys turtle association belonged texas rodeo struck share gate receipts addition prize money held show couple hours won tried bolder took breath drawing essence human knew advance going mount nell knew horse hates smell person friends hand likes friendship matter patience obviously nell passed test rested nose touching nell arm eyes ears directed talking indulging natural curiosity rob want mare feel centre attention horses liked feel eyes show gangway expected watched don hurt bronco bustin asked howard feet dangling ross head sat fence rail say laconic answer summer hurt show break ribs collar bone hurt knee wrenched spent hospital fur trip summer broke
ken lay face pine needles trees hill green chin propped hands looking green house hear voices kitchen howard mother telling happened brought flicka getting dinner wouldn eat wished didn howard watch father ignore glare looked mother worst dogs terrace hot sultry tim gus putting awning nell saying days put sun getting strong ken watched working tim roof gus terrace pulling straightening lattice tim nailing ken couldn figure going happen going filly questioned able efforts morning give filly forever range wild free friends father friends mess summer spoiled howard highboy crowing sound car coming looking trees ken saw grey smart looking car coming bend road
assistance driven chute truck penned truck stopped house williams check rob wasn check rocket big bring satisfaction open eye want ride highway car rob asked nell williams road watching struggles horses truck tightly packed frantic fear troublesome rearing forefeet side truck tilted going side hill suddenly impossible happened bronc clawed side hold body toppled tremendous fall hill sloped forty feet bronc bounding rolling somersaulting bottom rob brought stop jumped stood watching williams halted truck box bronc hit bottom hill leaped feet stood apparently unhurt looking comical surprised fashion began laugh williams mclaughlin late load rob took check pocket fountain pen check price williams hastened knew loaded truck check loss mclaughlin
nell finished working changed riding clothes flowered spring house dress dinner housework finished morning terrace sighed looked window boxes flower border blossoms beaten shreds hail top things sky rob night supper telling blocks ice large couldn lift couldn arms band sheep cut pieces drove automobiles nearby towns sheep lying killed huge chunks ice fell sky dead animals stench miles cheyenne fourth july bad plate glass roofs greenhouses town shattered automobile path storm top cut pieces nell found gardening gloves trowel shears clearing broken flowers leaves boxes fresh home grown lettuce table summer lettuce bed cut pieces late start glass hot bed broken rob fix wild stew ken started give colt look
ken thought seen running banner eyes looked balls fire terrified yes brought horse looks wild eye terrified added mclaughlin ken forced mention worst piece evidence tried jump fence knew couldn mclaughlin remember worst bringing brought crazy woman mclaughlin grin try impossible saying couldn darn fool didn ahead horses jumped feet trained jumpers maybe flicka thought forgive point learn learn rocket couldn learn dad rocket couldn put range banner sunday rocket rob looked ken face desperately earnest direct felt emotion facing things let think ken banner range yes sir breeding mares taking care colts mare colts ridden exactly colts saw bunch sold week reason sell re beautiful horses fool ready chance horse
boy slowly feet winchester cow able winchester heavy twenty matter indecision paralyzed suddenly turned ran eastward flew edge brook crossed recrossed footing places willows crowded thick edge stream bellowing continued anyway wildcat making plenty noise maybe calf ken ran fast wouldn frightened saw red hide hereford cow standing edge creek barbed wire fence crossed ken rolled fence couldn matter saw sick bottom strand wire fence broken wires tangled web wire wrapped cow udder tried tear hanging blood pouring harder pulled deeper barbed wire embedded ken put hand hind pocket overalls told father let catch pair pants pocket cutters remembered clean morning cutters lying table room
set tall sturdy aspen poles deep ground side filly rolled folded blanket ends blanket gathered rope tied knot weight tighter drawn tops posts notched crowbar laid end rope passed hole bored post inches notch ready gus altogether pulled rope blanket filly rose earth reached height feet lightly touched earth let fastened ends ropes crowbar hung disconcerted tim brought bucket water put nose drank carrying tools tool house heavens let loose re tim didn think longer glad de tarps stretched dem stacks gus de hay packed hard reached ranch house handed tim tools carrying gonna stop tim de missus need fin de feller tim gus kitchen oil lamp hung wall stove removed slicker nell heard stamping hurried downstairs gus ja missus de boy gus don pretty sick
rob shot lion sunrise slept deal night poncho blankets making comfortable rest base rock slide flicka fire close tend filly side fire loaded express rifle rubber poncho felt situation eye times night threw wood fire stood minutes looking night cleared wind died reddish moon rode sky calf pasture empty living thing flicka quiet morning thought rob hook crook flicka stables mountain lion dogs poison traps rid decided trap simplest thought sized cage aspen poles shut half dozen roosters ring heavy bear traps properly concealed cackling roosters attract lion prowling cage caught traps lions wise wary coyotes nearly dawn rob sleeping head fallen forward chest wakened flicka neighing opened eyes put hand gun knew neigh neigh terror saw head turned eyes directed creek pines
doctor consent ken short drive car tired greatly eyes lungs breathe think didn want lost heart rob uneasily nell days later light fall snow etching brown white rob wrapped boy telling nell hills wanted show drove road stopped car looking window short distance range rolled woods look mclaughlin pointing window edge woods stood stag full antlered head blending perfectly brown white etching hard body profile car head turned face held high eyes unswerving direct gaze bent car road curving lines neck head flowed trunks branches pointed antlers indescribable beauty ken mouth fell open looked stag absolutely motionless word nobility coined embody magnificent creature expressed courage mclaughlin glanced son mouth open dad saw driving highway stay moving
sir staying night specially run age swished mornin attributed weakness fact future simple left hand leaf thought leaf ninety passed port sir ector quest today sir bad rattlin fact found chap called sir bruce choppin maiden head bushes ran plantation doubled lost wood twenty miles ran straight un sir ector boys latin added gentleman amo runnin hooligans advise ah sir laying finger nose winking bottle takes deal thinkin don mind sayin don mind sir ector kind say obliged sure help port port friend mine boys sir sir ector counting couldn send eton suppose inquired sir cautiously eton mentioned college blessed mary founded place sort drinking port mentioning modern wine easier give feel
sir ector home called castle forest sauvage town village home village times danger part story deals troubled times raid invasion neighbouring tyrant estate hurried castle driving beasts courts remained danger wattle cottages nearly burned rebuilt profanity reason worth village church constantly replaced villagers church chapel castle wore clothes trooped street respectable gait sundays looking vague dignified looks directions reluctant disclose destination week days mass vespers ordinary clothes walking cheerfully church days liked castle forest sauvage standing lovely ruined walls ivy standing sun wind lizards live starving sparrows warm winter nights ivy barn owl drives methodically hovering frightened congregations beating ivy wings fly curtain wall trace foundations twelve round towers guarded
stage introduced change common consent sir stumped end clearing king pellinore plodded turned round swayed backward forward order weight toes leaned forward run forward weight leaned backward fell walking complicated weight properly distributed front balance broke trot hurtled boars met middle breast breast noise shipwreck bells tolling bouncing fell breathless backs lay minutes panting slowly began heave feet obvious lost tempers king pellinore lost temper bit astonished impact facing wrong find sir excuse slit peep inches eye owing padding straw looked muddled broken spectacles sir quick seize advantage cried sir giving unfortunate monarch handed swipe slowly turning head side side peering opposite direction king pellinore turned round morosely opponent quick
christmas night eve boxing meet remember merry england rosy barons ate fingers peacocks served tail feathers streaming boars heads tusks stuck unemployment unemployed forests rang knights helm wintry moonlight stamped silver feet snorted noble breaths blue frozen air marvels comfortable england greater marvel weather behaved spring flowers obediently meads dew sparkled birds sang summer beautifully hot months rain agricultural purposes managed arrange rained bed autumn leaves flamed rattled west winds confined statute months snow lay evenly feet thick turned slush christmas night castle forest sauvage castle snow lay lie hung heavily battlements thick icing cake convenient places modestly turned clearest icicles greatest length hung boughs forest trees rounded lumps apple blossom occasionally slid roofs village saw chance falling amusing character giving pleasure
scene changed suddenly house cards falling boar bay charging master charged closed seizing fiercely shoulder throat leg surged boar bundle animals dared spear fear hurting dogs bundle rolled forward unchecked hounds impede began reverse spear charge butt end reversed tussle sprang tripped root battle closed top wart pranced round edge waving spear agony dared thrust robin dropped spear drew movement stepped huddle snarls calmly picked leg dog let space body space slowly thrice superstructure stumbled recovered stumbled sank ponderously left side hunt master drew leg slowly boar stood took hold knee hand moved inquiringly directions nodded stretched straight picked spear saying limped beaumont knelt took head lap stroked beaumont head hark beaumont softly beaumont mon amy beaumont valiant le beaumont
king pellinore arrived important week end high flurry say exclaimed heard secret secret asked king cried majesty king matter king inquired sir ector don say comin hunt hounds dead cried king pellinore tragically dead poor hunt sir stood respectfully took cap maintenance king dead live king felt stand boys nurse burst tears sobbed loyal highness dead respectful gentleman illuminated picture cut illustrated aye stuck mantel swaddling bands towers till visiting dispersed areas prince charming wasn picture im aye give im thought nights compose nannie sir ector solemn king pellinore uther conqueror solemn moment sir king dead live king pull curtains kay stickler form half mast banners sir ector tell sergeant arms obviously wart duty execute command junior nobleman present ran cheerfully find sergeant
remaining huntsmen trouble begun slit skin belly properly perforated intestines begun horrible beautiful animal spoiled repulsive loved unicorn ways twisted proportion responsible spoiling beauty began hate guilt gawaine began hate body hated dead beautiful making feel beast loved helped trap vent shame hatred corpse hacked cut felt crying panted carry manage gaheris home carry pony sling beast pony cut head cut head carry took head carry set hating horrid business hacking neck gareth stopped crying heather rolled immediately looking straight sky clouds sailing majestically endless depth feel giddy thought cloud
night battle number bishops blessing armies sides hearing confessions saying mass arthur reverent king lot custom armies going defeated bishops assured sides win god king arthur knew outnumbered thought king lot knew odds spent night dancing drinking telling dirty stories chronicles say rate king england tent staff talk held stayed chat looking worried worried going lose battle win battle harm telling fight hard call moment nature win battle matter telling told worrying gracious heavens worrying remember maiden called business remember bit took beard mouth began counting fingers told haven don believe
lancelot ended greatest knight king arthur sort top battling averages remember cricket teach jousting art cricket cricket ways pavilion tournament real inside marks parchment mark run cricket today walking round ground frocks grand stand refreshment tent found fighting game took frightfully sir lancelot innings frequently lasted battling knight movements feeling slow motion weight armour sword play begun combatants stood opposite green acre bowler stood closer sir gawaine start sir lancelot put leg beautiful leg glide lancelot reply yorker gawaine guard called round field clap king arthur turn pavilion remark footwork lovely knights curtains helms hot sun metal handkerchief arrange caps today knightly exercise art cricket lancelot resemble graceful
explanation attitude fruits pain lover restless unreasonable cruel arthur feelings completed misery court unfortunately beautifully brought teacher educated child educated womb lives history fish mammal child womb protected love effect education grown accomplishments living malice vanity suspicion cruelty commoner forms selfishness jealousy ignoble vices sadly unfitted hating friend torturing wife love trust things arthur interesting characters subtle motives dissected simple affectionate believed love simplicity worth situation developing eyes notoriously difficult solution difficult label called eternal triangle geometrical problem pons euclid arthur able retreat generally trustful optimistic afford retreat loveless faithless compelled pessimism attack arthur strong gentle hope trusted lancelot things end trying bring courses instance cutting lovers heads treason
spring slowly menage settled elaine arranged tournament cavalier prize fair maid hundred knights parts kingdom compete tournament chevalier mal knocked stand kind absent minded ferocity thing failure knights puzzled frightened single person killed spared indifferently soon knocked chevalier rate single word spoken defeated knights jogging home bruises missed happened tournament evenings wondered taciturn champion talked elaine smiling bravely room cried dried eyes set find lord vanished soon fighting habit going sunset evening found battlements blaze gold shadows shadow tower stood burning trees stretched parkland broad strips indigo looking camelot desperate eyes shield incognito propped front cognizance silver woman sable field knight kneeling feet simplicity elaine delighted compliment shield clever
person home sir lionel lancelot cousins lancelot brother called ector cousins called lionel lionel temper gawaine object annoyance galahad brother morals lionel form insanity give moral insists thing show tangle angel couldn king queen sitting side side usual hear story formed habit carrying refreshments hall hands soon knight hear news ate light fell table high stained window hands moved plates glasses rubies emeralds pools flame magic gems glade trees leaves jewels going morals lionel curse morals run family lancelot bad begin beats committed sexual act yes quest holy grail concerned sort advanced course catholic dogma lionel relented fond brother heart experience embittered relations talk think beginning side quarrel
gawaine bench tramped king clumsy sympathy ye er body expect warmly holding veined hand paw look onward let brothers unarmed hurt gin faces stay ben tell executioner begin yes give ring warrant sir thank father thank minute pale face burning enthusiasm moment strangely genuine gratitude hurried room brothers join guard blazing eyes nervous twitch mouth king left gawaine sank head hands decency tried show pleased gawaine put hand stooping shoulder fear uncle lancelot rescue god nae harm tried duty ye striven admiration sentenced law sentence sentence carried lancelot bring safe gawaine think trying rescued justice england business burn death remorse aye uncle kens fine tried alter truth desire heart safe
sat queen chamber carlisle castle huge bed re settee looked tidy rectangular canopy shy sitting fireplace pot warming high chair reading desk book read dante mentions cost price ninety oxen read times longer exciting late fall snow threw evening light upward chamber shining ceiling floor alter usual shadows blue wrong places lady sewing sitting formally high chair book waiting women sitting steps bed sewing stitched half blank mind needlewoman half brain moving idly troubles wished carlisle north county securities civilization instance liked london tower liked dreary expanse snow looking tower windows fun bustle metropolis london bridge staggering houses constantly tumbling river remembered bridge personality houses heads rebels spikes place sir david fought full dress joust lord welles
began think clearly remembered aged necromancer educated educated animals remembered half million species animal mankind course animal vegetable mineral taught animals single species learn looking problems thousands remembered belligerent ants claimed boundaries pacific geese remembered lesson badger remembered island seen migration puffins lived peacefully preserving kinds civilization war claimed boundaries saw problem plain map fantastic thing war fought literally frontiers imaginary lines visible line scotland england fought geography political geography nations need kind civilization kind leader puffins civilizations hottentots give freedom trade free passage access countries counties counties culture local laws imaginary lines earth surface needed airborne birds skipped nature
read story skip explanations moment begin write find explanation manifest explain sister law vexed nose hair venture call eminent protest generations participation blood course sight justify boast connection grander stock claim royal house relationship palace castle park lane premise going perforce rake scandal dear lady wishes forgotten george ii sitting throne peace reigning moment king prince wales visit english court prince afterward known history rudolf prince tall handsome young fellow marked maybe marred say unusually sharp straight nose mass dark red hair fact nose hair stamped mind stayed months england courteously received end left cloud fought duel considered highly bred waive question rank nobleman known society merits husband beautiful wife
took early luncheon bidden kind entertainers farewell promising return home set climb hill led castle forest half hour leisurely walking brought castle fortress days ancient preservation imposing stood portion original castle separated deep broad moat ran round buildings handsome modern chateau erected king forming country residence duke portions connected drawbridge indirect mode access formed passage building outer leading modern chateau broad handsome avenue ideal residence black michael desired company dwell chateau fit seized merely cross bridge draw ran rollers short regiment train artillery fetch glad poor black michael throne princess fine residence prince europe soon entered forest walked hour cool somber shade trees head sunshine stole patches bright diamonds bigger
marshal greeted loyal words proceeded deliver apology duke duke afflicted sudden indisposition impossible station craved leave await majesty cathedral expressed concern accepted marshal excuses received compliments large number distinguished personages betrayed suspicion felt nerve returning agitated beating heart fritz pale hand shook leaf extended marshal presently formed procession took door station mounted horse marshal holding stirrup civil dignitaries carriages started ride streets marshal chief aid de camp entitled place left city partly partly spacious modern boulevards residential quarters surround embrace narrow tortuous picturesque streets original town outer circles upper classes live shops situated prosperous fronts lie hidden populous wretched lanes alleys filled poverty stricken turbulent large measure criminal class social local divisions corresponded knew information division important town king town michael hope hero darling scene brilliant passed grand boulevard square royal palace stood
custom police send afternoon report condition capital feeling document included account movements persons police received instructions watch habit reading report telling items interest adventure summerhouse playing hand fritz von report full interest afternoon observed sitting find asked mention fracas shook head smile find highness duke left city appears suddenly accompanied household destination believed castle party traveled road train mm de hour later named carrying arm sling wound known suspected fought duel incidental love affair remotely true observed pleased find left mark fellow pursued mme de movements watched according instructions left train midday took ticket dresden habit dresden trains stop acute fellow finally listen feeling city satisfactory
terrible temptation understood force michael hand kill king position bid defiance tighten grasp crown sake king wed princess fritz ah held write cold blood wild black thoughts storm brain uncontrolled passion battered breach sets saint need hate employed humbly giving thanks power resist vouchsafed fretting wicked impulses unsought unwilling hospitality weakness nature fine bright morning walked unattended princess house carrying nosegay hand policy excuses love attention paid riveted chains bound closer city worshiped found fritz countess helga gathering blooms garden mistress wear prevailed mine place girl rosy happiness fritz turn wasted evening dark shadow hung wooing save hatred duke known bear mischievous smile majesty moment yes flowers tell sire thing princess
suppose put bed lay unconscious half conscious hours night awoke full mind found fritz weak weary bade cheer saying wound soon heal johann keeper fallen laid house queer thing pursued fritz fancy altogether sorry find think black michael brought coup witnesses effected saving course premium idea argued shrewdness captive led build hopes assistance ordered brought conducted set chair bedside sullen afraid say truth young rupert exploit fears formidable hands bound suffer need stay recount safeguards rewards promised fellow honorably observed paid lives prosperity mention free soon learned weak wicked acted matter fear duke brother max love
found top flight steep stone stairs oil lamp burned dimly bracket took held hand stood listened devil heard voice say door faced bottom stairs answered kill strained hear answer sobbed relief voice grating cold wait bit trouble strike soon moment silence heard bolt door cautiously drawn instantly put light held replacing lamp bracket dark lamp light voice doubt light crisis rushed steps flung door unbolted gave belgian stood sword hand sitting couch side room astonishment seeing recoiled jumped sword rushed madly belgian gave drove wall fought bravely moment lay floor turned faithful orders risked fight rushed straight door king room opened slammed inside
forces play lust daring young rupert caught beauty belonged hated days quarrels ill duke scene witnessed duke room rupert proposals course ignorant surprised related warned michael rupert calling deliver night rupert determined room furnished key entrance cries brought duke dark room screamed fought rupert wounded master mortal blow servants rushing escaped window duke blood spurting stained opponent shirt rupert knowing dealt michael death eager finish encounter meant deal band dare say think killing michael premeditated antoinette left duke tried wound busied till died hearing rupert avenge seen till darted ambush leaped rupert moat moment found friends scene
break comes quiet dresden met dear friend companion fritz von pretty wife helga lusty crowing baby week fritz hear falls evenings walk smoke talk king young rupert hours grow small speak fritz carries dresden box lies red rose round stalk rose slip paper words written rudolph send message wearing rings bind queen nobler told act duty country house led wife king uniting subjects love bear giving peace quiet days thousands sacrifice moments dare think rise spirit dwells thank god love noblest lady gracious beautiful love fall short high duty face pale face glorious hair fate hint heart
surging seething murmuring crowd beings human eye ear naught savage creatures animated vile passions lust hate hour sunset place west barricade spot decade later proud tyrant raised undying monument nation glory vanity greater part guillotine busy ghastly france boasted past centuries ancient names blue blood paid toll desire liberty fraternity carnage ceased late hour interesting sights witness final closing night crowd rushed place de la greve order watch interesting amusing sight seen fools traitors course women children happened descendants crusades glory france ancestors oppressed crushed scarlet heels dainty buckled shoes rulers france crushed masters beneath heels shoeless days beneath effectual weight knife guillotine daily hourly hideous instrument torture claimed victims young women tiny children finally demand head king beautiful young queen
kitchen sally extremely busy saucepans frying pans standing rows gigantic hearth huge stock pot stood corner jack turned slow deliberation presented alternately glow side noble sirloin beef kitchen maids bustled eager help hot panting cotton sleeves tucked dimpled elbows giggling private jokes miss sally turned moment jemima stolid temper solid bulk subdued grumble stirred stock pot methodically fire ho sally cheerful melodious accents coffee room close bless soul exclaimed sally humored laugh wanting wonder beer course grumbled jemima don jimmy pitkin ave ye looked uncommon thirsty martha kitchen maids beady black eyes twinkled met companion started round short suppressed giggles sally looked moment thoughtfully rubbed hands shapely hips palms itching evidently contact martha rosy cheeks inherent humor prevailed shrug shoulders turned attention fried potatoes ho sally hey sally chorus pewter mugs tapped impatient hands oak tables coffee room accompanied shouts mine host buxom daughter sally shouted persistent voice ye goin night beer
straight ahead door pleasant voice aye lord antony joyfully pretty sally quickly dish soup door thrown wide open preceded bows welcomes party ladies gentlemen entered coffee room welcome welcome england lord antony effusively eagerly forward hands outstretched newcomers ah lord antony think ladies speaking strong foreign accent service madame replied kissed hands ladies turned shook warmly hand sally helping ladies traveling cloaks turned shiver brightly blazing hearth general movement company coffee room sally bustled kitchen whilst respectful salutations arranged chairs fire touching forelock quietly vacating seat hearth staring curiously foreigners ah say elder ladies stretched pair fine aristocratic hands warmth blaze looked unspeakable gratitude lord antony young accompanied party busy heavy caped coat glad england replied lord antony suffered trying voyage
voice choked sobs eyes tender blue loving gazed young turn looked steadfastly case brave sister gently remember france peril sons turn backs spoke sweet childlike smile crept face pathetic extreme drowned tears armand quaintly wish lofty virtues assure sins dangerous uncomfortable prudent added earnestly promise remember dear care nay sweet interests percy cares look strange crept eyes murmured surely dear don distress account percy nay interrupted energetically distress account margot listen dear spoken things stop wished question feel leave asking question need answer wish added noted sudden hard look apprehension darting eyes asked simply sir percy mean part played arrest marquis de st laughed bitter contemptuous laugh jarring chord music voice
beautiful starlit night incessant rain cool balmy late summer night essentially english suggestion moisture scent wet earth dripping leaves magnificent coach drawn finest thoroughbreds england driven london road sir percy box holding reins slender feminine hands lady wrapped costly furs fifty mile drive starlit summer night marguerite hailed notion delight sir percy enthusiastic whip thoroughbreds dover couple days sufficiently fresh restive add zest expedition marguerite reveled anticipation hours solitude soft night breeze fanning cheeks thoughts wandering knew experience sir percy speak driven beautiful coach hours night point point making casual remarks weather road fond driving night quickly adopted fancy sat hour hour admiring handled reins wondered slow going head told cared ask fisherman rest going round putting lights bar customers upstairs snug bedrooms important guests de suzanne bedrooms ready sir andrew lord antony young elect honor ancient stay night
gala nights garden theatre autumn season memorable grace house packed smart orchestra boxes pit plebeian balconies galleries gluck orpheus strong appeal intellectual portions house whilst fashionable women gaily dressed brilliant throng spoke eye cared latest importation germany selina duly applauded grand aria numerous admirers benjamin acknowledged favorite ladies received special gracious recognition royal box curtain glorious finale act audience hung spellbound magic strains maestro collectively breathe sigh satisfaction previous letting loose hundreds frivolous tongues smart orchestra boxes known faces seen pitt cares finding relaxation tonight musical treat prince wales jovial rotund coarse commonplace appearance moved box box spending quarters hour intimate friends lord grenville box curious interesting personality attracted attention thin small figure shrewd sarcastic face deep set eyes attentive music keenly critical audience dressed immaculate black dark hair free powder lord grenville foreign secretary paid marked frigid deference dotted distinctly english types beauty foreign faces stood marked contrast haughty aristocratic cast countenance french royalist emigres persecuted relentless revolutionary faction country found peaceful refuge england
words marguerite managed read half scorched piece paper literally words fate start tomorrow read distinctly blur caused smoke candle obliterated words bottom sentence standing clearly distinctly letters fire mental vision wish speak supper room clock precisely signed hastily scrawled device tiny star shaped flower familiar clock precisely close eleven minuet danced sir andrew beautiful lady leading couples delicate intricate figures close eleven hands handsome louis xv clock bracket move maddening rapidity hours fate armand sealed hours mind knowledge cunningly gained leave brother fate willfully betray brave devoted fellow noble generous unsuspecting horrible thing armand armand noble brave armand unsuspecting armand loved willingly trusted hands save death hesitated monstrous brother kind gentle face full love looking reproachfully
marguerite watched slight sable clad figure worked ballroom perforce wait nerves tingled excitement listlessly sat small deserted looking curtained doorway dancing couples looking seeing hearing music conscious naught save feeling expectancy anxious weary waiting mind conjured vision moment passing downstairs half deserted dining room fateful hour watch precise moment entrance scarlet mysterious leader marguerite unreal strange weird hidden identity wished supper room moment watching entered knew woman penetration recognize stranger face strong individuality belongs leader hero mighty high soaring eagle daring wings entangled ferret trap woman thought unmixed sadness irony fate cruel allowed fearless lion succumb gnawing rat ah armand stake faith ladyship thought voice suddenly close elbow deal difficulty delivering message find marguerite forgotten husband message spoken lord sounded strange unfamiliar completely minutes lived rue de richelieu armand love protect guard subtle intrigues forever raging paris days
marguerite woman woman fascinating foibles woman lovable sins knew moment past months mistaken stood cold statue musical voice struck ear loved loved ago passion dormant strong intense overwhelming lips met maddening kiss pride woman meant win conquest suddenly happiness hold feeling kiss lips listen tale sir percy voice low sweet infinitely tender armand parents brought father tiny mother loved mind sir percy marquis de st brother armand thrashed thrashed lackeys brother loved offense plebeian dared love daughter aristocrat waylaid thrashed thrashed dog inch soul opportunity occurred able revenge took thought bring proud marquis trouble humiliation plotted austria country
ordered coach drive crown inn told coachman give horses food rest ordered chair carried house pall mall sir andrew lived percy friends enrolled daring banner felt prefer confide sir andrew friend love suzanne brought closer home mad errand percy called lord hastings lord tony wanted help young powerless save husband sir andrew home servant introduced ladyship immediately upstairs young comfortable bachelor chambers shown small furnished dining room moment later sir andrew appeared evidently startled heard lady visitor looked anxiously suspiciously marguerite whilst performing elaborate bows rigid etiquette demanded marguerite laid vestige nervousness perfectly calm returned young elaborate salute began calmly sir andrew desire waste valuable talk things going tell granted importance important leader comrade scarlet husband percy deadly peril
seen road coachman questioned seen answering description mistress gave wizened figure frenchman evidently ahead dared question inns stopped change horses feared spies route overhear questions distance warn enemy approach wondered inn stopping luck vessel france thought gripped heart iron vise late loneliness room overwhelmed horribly ticking grandfather clock slow measured sound broke awful loneliness marguerite need energy purpose courage weary midnight waiting house asleep heard sally upstairs coachman returned position porch marguerite met week ago evidently meant wait sir andrew soon overcome sweet slumbers presently addition slow ticking clock marguerite hear monotonous tones worthy fellow breathing realized beautiful warm october happily begun turned rough cold night
soup certainly bad smelt tasted marguerite enjoyed horrible surroundings broke bread drank wine nay sir andrew standing need food creature think eccentric englishwoman sit partake semblance supper strictly table trouble guests mere quietly shuffled room stood lounged smoking evil smelling pipe marguerite nose free born citizen equal confound brute sir andrew native british wrath leant table smoking looking heaven admonished marguerite hurriedly seeing sir andrew british born instinct ominously clenching fist remember france grace temper brute muttered sir andrew savagely marguerite advice sat table making noble efforts deceive pretending eat drink pray marguerite creature temper answer questions put sooner question hey friend pleasantly french tapping lightly shoulder quality parts
thoughts whirl temples aching nerves paralyzed body numb pain marguerite sat darkness surrounded pall sat sea heard incessant mournful murmur incoming tide spoke dead hopes lost love husband hand betrayed death removed handkerchief mouth certainly scream moment strength barely hold upright force think think think think minutes flew awful stillness tell fast slowly heard saw feel sweet smelling autumn air scented odor sea longer heard murmur waves occasional rattling pebble rolled steep incline unreal situation impossible marguerite queen london society actually sitting bit lonely coast middle night side side bitter enemy hundred feet stood despised moment weird dreamlike dear unconsciously walking doom whilst save
marguerite listened half dazed fast retreating firm footsteps nature lying ear close ground distinctly trace sound tread ultimately turned road presently faint echo cart wheels halting gait lean nag told enemy quarter league lay knew lost count dreamily looked moonlit sky listened monotonous roll waves invigorating scent sea nectar wearied body immensity lonely cliffs silent dreamlike brain remained conscious ceaseless intolerable torture uncertainty percy moment hands soldiers republic enduring jeers malicious enemy hand armand lifeless body lie hut whilst percy escaped hear wife hands guided human bloodhounds murder armand friends physical pain utter weariness hoped confidently tired body rest forever turmoil passion intrigues days beneath clear sky sound sea balmy autumn breeze whispering lullaby solitary silent dreamland faint echo distant cart ago died afar
marguerite laughed hear cheery voice watch humored twinkle blue eyes stretched strong arms longing foe anticipation deserved punishment suddenly started happy blush left cheek light joy died eyes heard stealthy footfall overhead stone rolled top cliffs beach whispered horror alarm dear muttered pleasant laugh trifle happen forgotten friend sir andrew gasped wholly forgotten devoted friend companion trusted stood hours anxiety suffering remembered tardily pang remorse aye forgotten dear sir percy merrily fortunately met chat interesting supper party friend odd score settle young reprobate told roundabout road bring road suspect ready eh woman obeyed asked marguerite utter astonishment word question comes want arrives nick ah pretty suzanne admirable methodical husband
trying understand past trying bottom candle evidence early americans hunters gatherers ate wild rye choke cherries currants wore hides furs fire cooked food dogs apparently domesticated animal bows arrows weapons wooden spears tipped sharpened stones asia arrived pushed farther south course took thousands fanned parts north america reached tip south america asia scientists believe eskimos today remain closest land bridge lies underwater scientists guess age remains found ancient accurate method dating carbon discovered carbon found air living animals plants absorb carbon system die carbon leaves slow steady known rate organism lose half carbon lose half rest measuring amount carbon remaining bone scientists idea bone errors hundred carbon method reasonably accurate folsom mexico cowboy found beautifully carved stones sharpened points
puritans stern honest hardworking god fearing endured hardships reach land worship god wished thought wanted worship fact intolerant asked person leave settlement publicly whipped left sitting stocks stocks heavy wooden fence structures holes person feet arms pulled securely fastened punishments broke laws forbade playing cards dancing public simply idle decade settlement massachusetts authorities challenged able individuals roger williams separatist minister arrived liked respected opinions especially threatening massachusetts leaders williams declared english settlers rightful claim land purchased indians declared government officials devote government business leave religious matters puritans idea ridiculous heresy belief rejected majority shocked banished williams holy community massachusetts dead winter williams tramped southward snow headwaters narragansett bay lived narragansett indians took trouble learn language soon joined sympathizers massachusetts established town providence center colony rhode island williams england charter colony
today ideas developed age enlightenment granted startling presented idea reasonable age peculiar consider relationship earth sun everyday observation suggests sun goes earth sun rises morning moves sky disappears side earth night feel earth rotate sun move obvious conclusion sun moves stationary earth western europeans believed polish clergyman nicolaus copernicus proposed completely opposite view announced earth moves sun claimed earth full rotation twenty hours theories shocked angered began realize copernicus correct began look critically aspects scientists built copernicus gathered evidence planets earth revolved sun english scientist proposed theory equally shocking equally important development science sir isaac newton declared governed chance miracles fixed mathematical laws newton presented idea famous principia published observing apple fell ground tree noting speed length fall weight apple began develop theory universal gravity
congress accepted proposals managing public debt hamilton moved part economic program urged establishment bank united states power issue bank notes paper money branches cities hamilton argued national banking system economic advantages handle tax receipts government money notes nation citizens states find easier business confidence paper money bank united states paper money printed small local banks hamilton believed political advantages national banking system government percent shares stock bank remaining percent owned private investors naturally private investors rich born allegiance federal government hamilton wanted encourage hamilton view bank help cement national union hamilton national bank arousing suspicion hostility entire financial program southerners argued correctly bank northern merchants richer offer benefits farmers house madison raised issue constitution give federal government specific authority establish bank madison opinion establishing national bank unconstitutional bill bank twenty reached washington desk president doubtful signing asked jefferson hamilton opinions jefferson agreed madison strict interpretation constitution
american revolution dramatic event captured attention revolution going totally unplanned unnoticed finally transformed lives americans say silent change called industrial revolution began england early eventually spread rest jeffersonian period ended industrial revolution read chapter begun affect nation americans known going england known future pattern industrial growth accompanying social consequences soon repeated united states industrialization began england geographic social economic conditions based country ample supply natural resources large coal iron deposits crucial construction machinery factories industries rapid currents england rivers streams provided water power machines running england coastline furnished numerous ports manufactured goods shipped foreign buyers addition english wool cotton colonies helped spur expanding british textile industry britain draw large labor force industrial needs advances medicine sanitation caused population double farm workers fewer jobs farm women streamed factories cities hope industrial revolution advanced huge amounts capital british merchants landowners accumulated
movements reform society sprung united states individually organizations thousands americans set fight variety social ills reformers middle class northerners farmers housewives business educators professionals interested reform religious reasons saw social reform eliminating sin creating moral frenchman alexis de tocqueville visiting america noted country christian religion greater influence souls america united states deeply religious mainly protestant earliest settlements hundreds flourishing churches upstate york religious revivals numerous fires religious feeling burned hot area known burned district late early religious feeling began change churches boston reaction emotional revivalism preachers george whitefield jonathan edwards rejection stern puritan calvinist view humankind thought puritans believed increasingly ministers told saved believed god ways show belief trying reform society groups formed churches serve god showing concern human welfare stern calvinist view questioned objected strongly unitarians group england congregationalists eventually formed denomination shocked christians rejecting trinity asserting jesus god separate beings
mid moderate republicans felt johnson stepping congress toes joined radicals override president veto bill extending freedmen bureau leaders congress finished drafting fourteenth amendment place civil rights act johnson vetoed clause fourteenth amendment persons born naturalized united states citizens country entitled equal treatment law deprive person liberty property due process law amendment grant black citizens vote viewed matter decided states barred blacks taking part elections lose seats congress provision fourteenth amendment barred southern leaders holding federal offices ban lifted thirds majority congress congress adopted fourteenth amendment states approval southern states ratified northerners satisfied johnson harsh southern states guided gently partnership union important believed congress constitutional power treat states fashion advised states reject amendment tennessee amendment ratified congress convinced stronger measures called congressional elections fought partly question control reconstruction president radicals
central pacific problems main difficulty shortage labor civil war veterans california charlie crocker railroad general superintendent decided hire chinese canton part gold rush crocker decision greeted skepticism weighed pounds move earth stone build chinese wall crocker exclaimed biggest piece masonry ahead plan chinese soon known crocker pets turned excellent workers steady patient brave tasks performed astounding drive tunnel mountain tunnel quarter mile granite mountain hard took twelve hours chip inches dynamite invented general entire tunnel took full dig months camps buried forty feet snow chimneys air shafts dug surface lanterns burned twenty hours chinese lived worked moles dim passages earth surface difficult hundreds chinese swept bodies recovered spring thaw found shovels picks clutched frozen hands chinese receive efforts white workers chinese worked sunrise sunset white workers hours
noble order knights labor organized uriah stephens garment cutter philadelphia started secret society password distinctive hand grip members greeting motto injury concern unlike knights labor organization individuals unions membership open workers regardless race sex degree skill occupations excluded lawyers bankers professional gamblers liquor dealers knights supported hour opposed child labor convict labor favor health safety laws advocated equal pay equal women later favor government ownership railroads telephones telegraphs knights favor strikes resort preferred arbitration settlement disagreements employers workers impartial party knights grew slowly skilled trade unions idea big union catholic church opposed secret societies knights mechanic named terence powderly scranton pennsylvania order grand master workman leadership knights began headlong growth members part reason knights success fact powderly excellent leader short mild mannered energetic organizer superb orator electrified spoke powderly dropped knight veil secrecy organization public
hurricane tidal wave swept gulf mexico demolished galveston texas job relief rebuilding huge politicians city council incompetent fact texas legislature appointed member commission experts expert put charge city department commission soon galveston feet city decided adopt commission form government cities galveston natural disaster flood dayton ohio led widespread adoption city manager form government system virginia elected nonpartisan board commissioners laws turn board appointed manager training experience public administration run city departments cities governed managers instances progressives transferring sound management principles business public specialists improved business believed specialists improve government reforms local level progressives moved reforms level cities created legislatures municipal reforms maintained governments reformed outstanding reform governor period robert fighting bob la wisconsin elected served terms entering united states senate remained senate death la goal explained smash corporations drive politics treat exactly treated
war population united states began shift south north rural areas cities shift area considered attractive north american continent felt mississippi river western boundary united states river worthless desert settlers crossed river saw desert john charles fremont called basin arid desolate area square miles covering parts utah idaho nevada wyoming oregon california high mountains surround area streams basin dry empty basin lakes evaporate humboldt river nevada simply disappears dry lake bed mormons basin established city salt lake thought land forbidding want traveler saw area confessed region unimaginable hold rest globe teach patience travelers south land inviting additional square miles parched blistered landscape awesome alien moon stretched west texas including desert mexico arizona sonoran mojave deserts arizona california basin desert areas occur latitude
postwar boom plants built latest technological improvements plants turned increasing quantities goods employed fewer workers machines required fewer operate machines buy goods fewer workers meant money paid wages turn meant money buy goods rolling assembly lines economic conditions grew steadily worse national income total payments producers nation goods services fell half billion billion span businesses shut doors farms lost foreclosure bankruptcy sales banks fourth country total number failed wiping million savings accounts week additional workers lost jobs million persons labor force found unemployed human terms spelled hunger suffering federal system government relief public welfare social security facilities poor states cities swamped months industrialized country form unemployment insurance united states wisconsin desperate poverty led scenes witnessed nation common women children digging piles rotting garbage food million women hoboes stole rides freight trains rode country looking kind thousands reduced begging
young cop continued social political change system read helped campaign register blacks south took active part opposing president johnson primaries joined consumer movement march president general motors publicly apologized young lawyer named ralph nader gave nader check settlement lawsuit company previous nader published unsafe speed stinging documented attack motor vehicle industry imposed safety standards book nader charged industry interested profit human lives general motors hired detectives investigate nader kinds questions asked clear looking information embarrass discredit detectives found clumsy caught nader sued press field gm quickly settled case settlement money royalties nader received book lobby auto safety legislation teeth congress passed national traffic motor vehicle safety act nader continued muckraking activities gathered staff eager young lawyers soon known nader raiders put investigating problems areas meat packing smoke pollution consumer credit social phenomenon appeared sixties called singles subculture result baby boom war ii young age marrying moved upward mid twenties
months watergate drew public interest political scandal attention midst hearings investigations daily revelations spying citizens harassment media personnel president vice president agnew resigned agnew administration chief law order spokesman accepted tens thousands dollars bribes maryland engineering firms received payments governor maryland accusers received elected highest office land august wall street journal broke story vice president investigation bribery extortion tax evasion agnew called reports damned lies october apparently decided thing plea plead guilty minor charge exchange light sentence protection prosecution october agnew resigned vice president pleaded contest charge tax evasion judge pointed plea full equivalent plea guilty imposed fine agnew probation supervision justice department issued detailed account illegal acts agnew charged felt agnew sentence lenient attorney general richardson defended indictment trial leave permanent scars nation argument heard eleven months later october acting twenty amendment nixon nominated vice president
reagan economic report nation february startled declaring wanted cut billion federal budget beginning deal president advocated slashes federal budget reagan chipped popular social programs untouched department spared department defense declining influence troubled reagan declared strengthen nation military president repeated campaign promise recommended percent cut income taxes period worried economic cuts fall unfairly poor replied truly needy suffer poor aged sure interest groups concerned public health welfare continued objections congress president cuts predicted president asked requests voted congress hard representative vote budget cut economic hardship constituents reagan administration believe majority wanted attack economic problems administration declared tax cuts part attack presidential campaign ronald reagan promised opening supreme court occurred try find woman fill job opening occur months later justice potter stewart retired
war ii countries western europe consistently classified standards democracies extent reality approached western ideal democracy varied true democracy goal western countries strive questionable term descriptively category western political systems fact belong american political scientist robert dahl suggested word democracy term polyarchy characterize type political system predominates countries western europe north america political systems rule formal sense universal universal suffrage sense meaningful degree competition groups contending power choose contenders meaningful choices actually rule determine making decisions government countries focus britain france west germany italy comparing western european major located western europe united states canada japan australia listed table government structure political party system pertinent data noted countries advanced economically socially compete economically principal trading partners
alliance short lived hitler invaded soviet union gave instant ally allied coalition completed japanese attacked pearl harbor december germany declared war united states left french forces occupied france gradually general charles de participated alongside british americans beginning north african campaign gradually reversal tide early battle stalingrad soviet forces began pushing germans allies westward british americans winning battles north africa southern italy establishment western front france june matter ring closed hitler committed suicide april bunker underneath berlin soviet tanks blasting heart city end war europe lay devastated germany ruins territory occupied allied troops belligerent countries economies needed rebuilding capital task britain france commitments overseas empires promised financial drain economic asset soviet union extended armed central europe united states willing retain forces continent western europe mercy stalin expansionist ambitions germany longer viable counterweight soviet power soviet troops occupying smaller countries central eastern europe regarded buffer zone
simple answer worldwide shrinkage consumer demand factor result variety government economic policy especially policies governments responsible largest economies governments washington tokyo bonn grips phenomenon stagflation government policies designed curtail inflationary forces direct impact level productive activity productive forces economy slow government attempts deflationary measures combat inflation measures action raise interest rates fiscal policies designed reduce consumer spending power strong carried dramatic consequence economic activity leading recession desired result bringing rates inflation acceptable levels profound unemployment countries able adapt economy industrial revolution symbolized advent meant industries post industrial countries turned automated means production require fewer workers turn volume products textile industry country fails join wave technological modernization overcome competition rivals countries automated production adopted means firms country stands fold cut production loss jobs
probability historians century look period remarkable significant events history expansion continent explore populate dominate rest bring ideologies technologies institutions modernity period european domination globe historically begun tide european expansion began ebb western hemisphere north american revolution later south breakup spanish empire reversal colonialism lasting launching rapid dissolution empire establish trend firmly legal colonial relationships eliminated national determination worldwide brevity european colonial domination advanced peoples point departure journey european influence initiated spread industrialization modernization colonial experience nations exist form today entire regions latin america indochina certainly carry labels located map european colonial influence brought peoples southern western hemispheres social intellectual material inventions allowed europe break dark ages introduction cultural innovations prove effect called backward peoples globe
consists independent countries central south america caribbean middle east north africa africa asia pacific exclude definition states regions adopted clearly unequivocally development pattern industrial westernized democracies centrally directed authoritarian regimes inspired marxist leninist philosophy eliminate communist party states regions listed north korea vietnam cambodia kampuchea laos cuba clearly camp western democracies israel japan states inclined strongly direction similar listing decade include states include marxist oriented countries ethiopia angola libya firmly established western democracies mexico venezuela early locate countries question boundaries continue customary practice including outlines political style clearer organized defined consists states latin america asia pacific middle east north africa africa south sahara heterogeneous category countries common link fit cleanly categories countries western industrialized democracies authoritarian marxist regimes
looking problem global inequalities wealth power structural approach states poverty dependence stem intentional policy decisions washington london moscow simply structure international system constructed raw material exporting nations condemned lose share benefits production known structural theories called thesis exponent argentine economist raul secretary general united nations economic commission latin america wrote seminal essay field economic development latin america principal problems originally intended explanation underdevelopment latin america thesis adopted radical non marxist regimes explain economic relations industrialized centuries fact classical economists laissez faire position articulated adam smith economic interests nations served system free trade economic specialization trading party performed economic enjoyed relative absolute advantage smith free trade school able demonstrate trading partner benefited specialization sum total economic pie grew rapidly system
war ii countries western europe consistently classified standards democracies extent reality approached western ideal democracy varied true democracy goal western countries strive questionable term descriptively category western political systems fact belong american political scientist robert dahl suggested word democracy term polyarchy characterize type political system predominates countries western europe north america political systems rule formal sense universal universal suffrage sense meaningful degree competition groups contending power choose contenders meaningful choices actually rule determine making decisions government countries focus britain france west germany italy comparing western european major located western europe united states canada japan australia listed table government structure political party system pertinent data noted countries advanced economically socially compete economically socially
alliance short lived hitler invaded soviet union gave britain instant ally allied coalition completed japanese attacked pearl harbor december germany declared war united states left french forces occupied france gradually general charles de participated alongside british americans beginning north african campaign gradually reversal tide early battle stalingrad soviet forces began pushing germans allies westward british americans winning battles north africa southern italy establishment western front france june matter ring closed hitler committed suicide april bunker underneath berlin soviet tanks blasting heart city end war europe lay devastated germany ruins territory occupied allied troops belligerent countries economies needed rebuilding capital task britain france commitments overseas empires promised financial drain economic asset soviet union extended armed central europe united states willing retain forces continent western europe mercy stalin expansionist ambitions
clear preceding chapter western european economies struggling past decade accompanying social strains growing severity subsequent chapters political systems countries adjusted strains cases britain france important place voting patterns partisan public policy goals west german political system earlier underwent greatest transformation pre war ii patterns resistant recent winds change seen west german economy social order subject strain past decade relationship stability socioeconomic order political stability realm likely produce discontinuity social economic strains simply translate political events impact political events political stage crowded political actors include elites principal policy decisions affect society ordinary citizens citizens acting voters ways participating political process importance voters political outcomes obvious witnessed top occurred major britain united states france political participation kinds participation strikes public meetings demonstrations acts violence impact political system impact dramatic voter behavior
speak vertical distribution power political system mean relationship levels government units level system government national central level government local unit corresponds city town village reside interact intermediate levels center localities sort district larger locality includes nearby localities adjoining countryside district resembles county united states countries larger intermediate level called regional level area comprises city significant proportion country population states united states fit definition kinds regional units countries studying western differ substantially respect intermediate local units distribution power national intermediate local units basic distinguishing question regional level government types answer question western regional level powers clearly defined constitution protected encroachment central government regional level system called federalism regional level weak dependent center system termed unitary
distinguished west german pattern countries pair important characteristics industrial conflict consistently lowest west germany periods intense west german standards agreement west german elites including trade union leaders efficacy positive corporatism found britain italy france elites typically diverge outlooks industrial relations west german pattern especially characteristic period coalition government spd senior partner condition reinforced electoral victories coalition return power cdu csu center coalition fdp pattern changed direction return power taxed ability willingness trade union leaders withstand pressures militant left ranks rising levels unemployment early accompanied declining real wages brought positive corporatism question west german trade unionists pursuit positive sum politics accompanied greater centralization national trade unions growing distance professional union officials national level membership shop floor members jobs threatened twin recession automation especially face neoliberal center government adding trends deflationary policies
considers unemployment inflation comparative basis bad rates stand virtual absolutes west germany appears high marks maintaining economic stability mid west germans impressed performance coalition government led schmidt lot explaining election campaign coalition lost ground christian democratic opposition elections west german unemployment inflation figures remaining approximately coalition regained lost ground higher levels unemployment salient matter lower inflation schmidt social democrats lost substantial electoral support center coalition emergent green party left meantime british government voted office italian governments struggled period real possibility communists gain share power election west german coalition survived challenges incumbent american presidents defeated polls months schmidt victory french president repudiated majority french voters amid rising unemployment figures continued double digit inflation japan hand turning inflation rate preceded surprising recovery election governing party experienced marked scandals internal voter
political attitudes ideas millions millions ordinary citizens live communist run societies support leaders revolt chance signs psychological attitudinal change societies important questions topics political culture political socialization communist leaders strong public commitment build communism important human dimension building process concepts political culture political socialization special significance study gabriel almond distinguished american political scientist noted political system embedded pattern orientations political action pattern attitudes beliefs hold system referred political culture represents orientations define setting politics takes place political culture soviet union total composite society ideas political orientations justice democracy welfare equality political issues represent dimensions larger soviet political culture states orientations influence power policy communist political systems refer chinese political culture soviet political culture realize simplification speak total set attitudes values populace consider homogeneous obviously societies communist societies heterogeneous beliefs values social economic characteristics
adoration respect communist parties leadership desired features communist political cultures deeply ingrained party leaders command amount respect party considered acting interest amount cynicism lack respect displayed jokes circulate countries east european countries concerning incompetence leaders party organizations cynicism widespread ussr yugoslavia likely consider party leaders peoples choosing east european countries czechoslovakia poland hungary leadership perceived picked soviet union countries party leaders especially soviet cpsu leaders objects caustic jokes told stories represent indicator legitimacy party obedience population accord model communist citizen guard remnants class struggle bourgeois ideas home abroad global threat capitalist imperialism intense indoctrination schools arts media maoist period chinese immersed class struggle expected assume political consciousness part belief systems impression chinese believe deeply significance class struggle today
lenin supreme leader russia joseph stalin assumption power general secretary party position party secretary soon overpowered political offices including leading government positions called testament lenin warned comrades stalin powerful power sufficient caution shortly death lenin added postscript testament suggesting stalin removed post history shows stalin dislodged moved decisively increase power role general secretary administration role party leader dominant position soviet politics pattern reflected communist party states present stalin death spring power struggle nikita khrushchev number high cpsu officials ensued solid political base virtue member secretariat politburo khrushchev soon dominant figure title upgraded secretary unlike stalin leadership general secretary khrushchev autocratic powerful reign power short lived fall vacation crimea khrushchev summarily summoned party headquarters kremlin ousted job khrushchev learned central committees elect party secretaries fire shortcomings agricultural policy embarrassment failure cuban missile episode alleged shortcomings free spirited impulsive khrushchev career abruptly brought end
influential theologian philosophers magnus ca fig thomas aquinas fig university paris largely responsible incorporating view christian theology critical distinction truth nature revealed scriptural truth aristotle dictum rational powers fitted biblical emphasis free personal responsibility approach prepared development science important emergent christian view nature arbitrary feared represented pagan mythologies creation merciful god enjoyment extension study franciscan monk roger bacon ca fig enunciating basic principles modern science students progressive university oxford succinctly put purpose science natures properties things bacon appears champion scientific method including revolutionary idea controlled experiment bacon accurate observation experimental verification bases certainty thomas aquinas bacon helped prepare intellectual climate modern science dominant technique scholarship centuries scholasticism method study centered vast fertile body scripture ancient writings achieved status doctrine
electrostatic attraction oppositely charged portions neighboring polar molecules results hydrogen bonds water molecules provide excellent hydrogen atoms water molecule bonded oxygen atom polarity bond electrons closer oxygen end hydrogen ends hydrogen net positive charge attracted oxygen atoms net negative charge nearby water molecules hydrogens remaining bonded oxygen atom molecule form weak attachment oxygen water molecule oxygen form weak attachment external hydrogens water molecule potential simultaneously linked hydrogen bonds water molecules fig sense volume water continuous chemical entity hydrogen bonding individual water molecules distinction hydrogen bonds ionic bonds clear hydrogen bonds generally result electrostatic attraction polar electrically neutral molecules water ionic bonds result electrostatic attraction oppositely charged atoms ions important bond results electrostatic attraction ions polar molecules discuss hydration sphere shell polar water molecules drawn ion solution pure hydrogen bonds bonding energy kcal mole ionic bonds kcal mole polar ionic bonds hydration sphere kcal mole
processes enzymatic activity er compartmentalized vesicle transport vertebrate liver remove dangerous substances blood smooth er liver cells holds enzymes poisons including barbiturates amphetamines morphine poisons bloodstream transported liver rapid synthesis phospholipids surface area liver cells smooth er double positioning detoxification enzymes er takes maximum advantage cell potential protect poisons products detoxification process packaged vesicles formed er transported organelles broken italian scientist camillo golgi reticular apparatus cells vertebrate brain apparatus recognized organelle visible light microscope treated chemicals similar cytoplasmic regions subsequently found numerous workers variety animal plant cells vary form names applied eventually called golgi apparatus organelle consists system membrane delimited compartments arranged approximately parallel fig golgi apparatus prominent cells thought involved secretion chemical products level secretory activity cells occur morphology organelle preceding section mentioned cells pancreas guinea pigs synthesized ribosomes moves channels er reaches golgi apparatus vesicles er
vitamins organic compounds required small quantities organisms synthesize obtain prefabricated diet note compound vitamin species species synthesize vitamins small quantities ordinarily function coenzymes parts coenzymes enzymes coenzymes recall catalysts reused times needed large amounts diseases connected dietary deficiencies identified vitamin deprivation recognized ago known fresh fruit helps prevent scurvy painful disease common sailors sea symptoms bleeding gums loosening teeth anemia deficiency hemoglobin level delayed healing wounds painful swollen joints shortly effort control debilitating disease lime lemon juice standard parts rations british sailors nickname vitamin deficiency responsible disease need vitamin reflects evolution omnivores species able ingest fresh vegetables fruits berries carnivores suffer scurvy despite lack fruit diets obtained vitamin external sources natural selection worked prevent loss metabolic pathways synthesize dietary deficiency disease light century lemons limes discovered effective scurvy
summary stem tree epidermis cortex surface covered outer bark cork tissue beneath cork cambium thin layer phloem bark beneath vascular cambium cell thick rest stem xylem outer annual rings sapwood function transport clear girdling tree cutting ring kill thin phloem system tree severed nutrients produced photosynthetic activity leaves reach sustain roots xylem complex conducting supporting tissue formed types cells tracheids vessel elements important transport water minerals tracheids vessel elements mature cellular contents cytoplasm nucleus disintegrate leaving support structure main transport xylem occurs tubular remnants cells living cells distinction active inactive xylem sapwood heartwood based elements vascular system functional tracheids vessel elements mature xylem sapwood heartwood dead tracheids elongate tapering thick hard secondary cell walls walls heavy summer wood important supportive elements tracheids matured primary xylem stretched development secondary walls form rings spirals fig
human leukocytes white blood cells large irregularly shaped nuclei fig types distinguished basis shape nucleus density granules cytoplasm granular types formed red bone marrow clear types formed lymphoid tissues lymph nodes spleen tonsils leukocytes restricted blood majority leukocytes actually found lymphatic system wander free loose connective occasionally tissues leukocytes capable amoeboid movement escape blood lymph vessels vessel walls points contact endothelial cells essence connective tissues including blood lymph form continuous system leukocytes concerned leukocytes play variety important roles body defenses disease infection apparently damaged tissues invading bacteria release chemicals attract leukocytes kinds leukocytes act engulfing destroying bacteria remnants damaged tissue cells kinds produce powerful enzymes help foreign proteins potentially dangerous substances severe infection leukocyte count blood lymph increases enormously vast numbers invade infected area resulting accumulation dead tissue bacterial cells living dead leukocytes site infection commonly known pus
recall sensory neurons undergo adaptation process cell sensitivity stimuli adjusted match background level stimulation adaptation explains gradually cold water swimming pool hot water bath conjugation pupil size bright sunlight darkness theater lecture hall adaptation enormously important restricted individual sensory neurons neural phenomena habituation affect responsiveness neurons crucial behavioral control habituation similar adaptation repeated exposure stimulus level animal comes ignore stimulus distinction crucial difficult grasp professional confuse behavioral mechanisms essential difference adaptation property individual sensory neurons basically tire repeated firing habituation property entire behavioral pathway adaptation takes place peripherally sensory neurons habituation occurs centrally brain organisms exceptions anatomical distinction distinction clearly gill withdrawal behavior examined earlier waning gill withdrawal conditions continual stimulation result adaptation habituation behavioral boredom central habituation peripheral adaptation fulfills conditions repeated stimulation small sensory neurons animal insensitive stimulation
expect energy muscle contraction comes atp atp actually stored muscles muscular twitches quickly exhaust supply high energy phosphate stored muscles vertebrates invertebrates echinoderms compound creatine phosphate formed linkage high energy phosphate group creatine invertebrates similar compound phosphate compounds creatine phosphate phosphate called supply energy directly contraction mechanism muscle pass high energy groups form atp atp act direct energy source contraction high energy phosphate stored muscle enable contract strongly seconds delay machinery glycolysis cellular respiration speeded demands muscles energy replenish supply atp complete oxidation nutrients carbon dioxide water unavoidable delay adjustments respiratory circulatory systems increase oxygen supply active muscles red muscles oxygenated myoglobin myoglobin recall special oxygen storage protein unique muscle cells forms loose combination supply plentiful stores demand increases violent muscular activity strenuous exercise lifting heavy object energy demands muscles especially white muscles greater met complete respiration unaided sufficient oxygen tissues fast
saw outset chapter behavior animals modified adapted natural selection suit species lifestyle dances tropical honey bees place open fig practically silent obtain information food sources dance watch lifted waggling abdomens dancers habit nesting tree cavities evolved avoiding predation natural selection favored colonies buzzed run helping bees obtain information dances total darkness nest selection favored colonies dialects foraging range tropical bee species tropical races familiar honey bee find food close dialects corresponds meters races cold areas northern europe forage large areas dialects corresponds meters effect natural selection animal behavior institution ritual especially courtship bright visual species increasingly costly attracted potential mates predators species tropical bower bird instance evolved elaborate display fig place showy female attracting predator attracting primitive species possessing token patches colored feathers males deck nests objects species specific color wave females males species bearing color patches display courtship
saturday morning broadcasts continued weeks president focused variety topics nuclear freeze movement interest rates unemployment armed forces federal budget major public issues october broadcast congressional elections president reagan urged americans patient economic responding home unemployed auto worker massachusetts senator edward kennedy asked president possibly ask family stay course president resumed broadcasts january paid tribute slain black leader martin luther king fifty fourth birthday marked remembrance ceremonies nation black congressman charles york retorted president fine words conflict actions administration regarding civil human rights country september president labor theme stress economy gaining strength democratic representative william ford michigan replied ironic president reagan taking credit reducing unemployment rate effect saying reducing suffering caused place president reagan called communicator sought convey administration programs american radio stations carry presidential broadcasts americans tune process listeners comment president remarks ask questions
models democracy conflicting views current political system mind turn detailed analysis system chapters follow section chapter key concepts treated constitution defined purposes explained concepts distinguished related political party interest group aim enable important relationships grasp essentials bogged factual material unrelated major ideas chapters provide basic information political system evolved attention focused nation struggle establish political institutions periods rapid change society student needs understand evolving forces mold change political institutions history excellent basis comparison evaluating political system today important compare models democracy past accomplishments failures concepts historical perspective mind able appreciate political system functions successful dealing current developments problems american society effort provide factual information needed judge closely performance american democracy lives promise end chapters author personal view institution study assessed necessarily expected agree evaluation stimulate thought controversy part book chapter analyze constitutional framework american government values assumptions underlying framework
major feature madison scheme ambition counteract ambition doctrine separation powers borrowed french political philosopher charles montesquieu monumental esprit des spirit laws montesquieu concludes liberties enjoyed english attributable fact political power constitutional system centralized hands person clique distributed legislative executive lesser degree judicial branches national government montesquieu tyranny concentration political power liberty dispersal separation powers accurately termed separation processes branches arms government carries separate portion total political process legislature primary responsibility making laws executive putting effect judiciary interpreting distinction similar aristotle idea deliberative administrative processes making political decisions doctrine call total separation processes branches major responsibility processes making executing interpreting laws participates degree principal activities system government congress primary responsibility enacting legislation president authorized recommend measures congress veto laws actually passed body similarly senate affect president execution laws failing approve nominees major positions executive branch
strong sense loyalty nation children united states develop early lives persists adulthood nation survey conducted joint auspices gallup international research institution kettering foundation questioned percent americans settle permanently country comparison percent residents united kingdom percent australians percent living continental european countries emigrate survey civic services percent persons questioned agreed america place live surveys public attitudes united states britain west germany italy mexico political scientists gabriel almond sidney verba reflect favorable opinion americans government asked things country proud percent questioned united states cited feature political system constitution political freedom democracy comparison percent britons percent germans percent italians percent mexicans prized aspects government political tradition table shows citizens nations inclined emphasize aspects national gallup poll mid confirmed american attitude asked tell foreign visitors thing united states americans responded citing features related democracy freedom main preferences
join interest groups variety reasons political scientists peter clark james wilson suggest reasons grouped general categories material benefits derive membership benefits accrue members group clark wilson refer purposive benefits organizational membership material benefits tangible rewards persons seek gain membership interest group monetary higher wages workers believe labor union achieve negotiating contract employers material benefits nonmonetary safety provisions coal miners congressional laws requiring mine owners equipment precautions prevent mine cave ins explosions incentives basically intangible nature clark wilson suggest include rewards socializing congeniality sense group membership identification status resulting membership fun person join farm organization primarily family enjoy opportunity escape isolation daily socialize persons involved agricultural purposive incentives transcend individual material interests benefits directed persons chapter whites established naacp motivated improve situation blacks united states persons broader goals mind benefit society
lobbyists find advantageous persons enjoy special relationships decision maker hope influence personal friends officials course provide entree helpful reaching senators representatives constituents position affect political careers lobbyist able heavy contributor legislator campaign newspaper editor supported legislator election adopt interest group point view convey elected official lobbyist virtually assured received lobbyists frequently intermediaries contact members congress executive officials generally sympathetic organization political goals working neutral persons avoid rebuffs hope counteract prejudice prevent group case examined public officials merits lobbyists intermediaries means increasing number concerned issue widening public seek increase political support opposition program concern group natural source political support lobbyists membership organization represent individual members unaware stands lobbyist takes washington aware letters leadership organization newspaper american medical association ama ran stories weekly journal socialized medicine lobbyists frequently enlist aid members groups represent try influence public officials
invisible primary testing ground president determine person candidacy viable factor hadley emphasizes psychological candidate willing undergo grueling process needed win characterized extended absences home hours campaign trail short sleepless nights vice president walter mondale withdrew race november statement found overwhelming desire president essential kind campaign required don think president willing fire important task presidential candidate stage assembling staff plan strategy campaign hadley calls constituency larger group workers willing advance organize states upcoming primary caucus convention contests recent democratic party nominees benefited dedicated supporters began organizational activities early full half wisconsin primary april young mcgovern staff member eugene began build base operation early carter tim kraft assigned task putting carter organization iowa precinct caucuses held january terry turner director carter field operations hawkeye major factor early phase important candidates fare media columnist russell baker notes members media source recognition publicity
traditionally american presidential campaigns inaugurated labor individual candidates free choose times depending political circumstances gerald ford seeking reorganize forces battle challenger ronald reagan republican national convention held august waited week labor launch fall campaign contrast ronald reagan republican nomination locked previous conferred officially party july national convention actually started campaign week august order try counteract favorable publicity democratic convention held earlier month provided incumbent president jimmy carter conditions candidates win party nominations circumstances surrounding opponent choice shape decisions beginning fall campaign close attention paid locality speech official campaign democratic candidates traditionally delivered cadillac square detroit symbolize party close ties organized labor group special event labor jimmy carter chose sites presidential campaigns warm springs georgia city home closely president franklin roosevelt roosevelt visited times seeking comfort paralytic condition died later president carter chose tuscumbia alabama located native south recent republican candidates gerald ford ronald reagan chose symbolic sites launch respective campaigns ann arbor michigan scene ford college football triumphs ellis island york city harbor port arrival millions immigrants seeking united states
unlike presidential aspirants congressional candidates face complex electoral college rules governing special types votes determined counted need majority votes elected contend contingency procedures event fail receive proportion vote congressional aspirants need win plurality popular votes senatorial aspirants house candidates states representative easily defined constituency population seek seat house kind states face real problem geographical limits constituency determined rules game govern decision constitution members house representatives apportioned states according population order allocation house seats current populations enumeration national population prescribed practice decade constitution establish permanent size house representatives leaving matter congress beginning members house gradually expanded reached size mexico arizona union congress generally maintained membership figure holding size house representatives constant face national population growth resulted increase average number persons represented legislator figure today
lake scotland kilometers miles length meters feet deep centuries reports creature living lake creature thought unlike living creature lake called loch ness creature called loch ness monster nessie doubted reports pictures strange sightings creature lake scientists sightings checked sightings explained natural nessie today scientists trying solve problem scientifically photo shows scientists loch ness looking nessie finish lesson able explain need correct observations science describe scientist forms hypothesis develop hypothesis based observations organisms environments research team convinced large organism loch ness purpose gather information scientific observations identify organism felt difficult capture nessie tried picture sensitive sound photographic equipment lowered equipment part lake thought nessie looking food team felt nessie ate microscopic plant animal lake source food salmon
scientist problem begins careful observations lead development hypothesis experiment designed test hypothesis experimenting scientists run control control duplicate experiment exactly factor tested plants grown conditions temperature soil amount watered exactly plant dark control case plant growing light experiment control factor tested light fig scientists experimenting collect observations form data data consist numbers measurements arranging data table makes easier understand experiment repeated times sure results results support hypothesis case hypothesis improved tested discarded completely results support hypothesis experiment repeated scientists hypothesis proven repeated experiments accepted scientific theory process theory results combined scientists countries theory generally accepted subject testing change equipment experiments produce information
objects form solid liquid gas forms call matter branch science studies matter called chemistry matter tiny particles constantly moving forms matter look solids tiny particles closely packed movement liquids space particles movement gases particles spread liquid particles gases able move freely substances water exist forms familiar water liquid temperature drops freezing water forms solid ice heated boiling water forms gas called water vapor water substance solid liquid gas substance form appearance called physical change water liquid solid physical change takes place ice water form substances change form metals solid form melted liquids liquids gases perfume gas bottle opened physical change takes place cut piece paper small pieces crush aspirin spoon
tiny particle landing cell type virus viruses extremely small largest viruses barely seen ordinary microscope reasons viruses discovered scientists treating diseases caused viruses english doctor edward jenner developed vaccine prevented dangerous disease smallpox vaccinated smallpox small amount vaccine injected beneath skin substance caused body develop resistance smallpox virus smallpox viruses mumps measles warts influenza cold sores common cold modern equipment makes study viruses carefully photographs viruses enlarged times electron microscopes photographs show viruses shapes sizes round needle rods cubes shapes lot structure viruses cells nucleus cytoplasm cell membrane simplest viruses nucleic acid surrounded coating protein viruses carry processes contact living cells makes difficult decide viruses alive mumps virus active comes contact gland cells jaw polio virus affects kind nerve cell brain spinal cord
algae found quiet streams ponds pounding waters rapids waterfalls seashore attached rocks drift freely species survive damp soil rocks trees algae survive hot springs snow ice inside organisms algae chlorophyll food reason algae found light food making important biosphere produce oxygen source food animals algae food classified plants specialized tissues organs found plants lack roots stems leaves tissues carrying water food algae single cells colonies strands sheets cells forms root structures attaching rocks surfaces algae color pigments hide green color chlorophyll algae classified according color phyla study blue green algae green algae red algae brown algae blue green algae single celled primitive bacteria nuclear membrane reproduce asexually fission blue green algae grow rapidly warm water high organic matter problem water supplies swimming pools treated chemicals kill blue green algae organisms
walked thick wood park forest sunlight filters leaves overhead trees whisper gentle breezes blow occasionally quiet broken sounds small animals recognize chatter squirrel high branch hear sound familiar bird low shrubs chipmunk scamper rock covered green carpet plant chipmunk disappear clump lacy leaf plants identify animals identify plants trees finish lesson able compare contrast vascular nonvascular plants describe characteristics mosses ferns describe sexual reproduction mosses ferns collect display varieties mosses general plant multicellular organism chlorophyll plants food addition plants rooted ground attached move major phyla plants phylum bryophyta phylum tracheophyta phyla commonly called nonvascular plants vascular plants tracheophytes vascular tissue tissue composed cells organized transport water minerals food bryophytes tissue called nonvascular bryophytes nonvascular plants organisms live land plants face major problems living part biosphere
phylum animals phylum chordata animals phylum subphyla established subphyla small species interest biologist studying largest important subphylum subphylum includes animals familiar dinosaurs humans vertebrates backbone backbone part internal skeleton called endoskeleton endoskeleton internal framework muscles bone cartilage bone cartilage similar types tissues cartilage calcium phosphorous compounds bone result cartilage hard brittle bone cartilage firm flexible bend ears cartilage unlike exoskeleton endoskeleton limit growth animal vertebrates whale elephant largest animals vertebrates complex animals animals head neck body tail pairs limbs inside body cavity organs heart intestines stomach vertebrates highly specialized systems organs nervous system brain developed sense organs circulatory system heart pumps blood system blood vessels
vast serengeti plain eastern africa exists varied collections large animals grassy plains live elephants rhinoceroses hippopotamuses giraffes smaller animals include shrews moles hares rodents animals common fascinating homeland examples group vertebrates called mammals millions animals roamed wide grassy plains eastern africa today herds smaller species threatened extinction animals confined large national parks wildlife preserves variety animals serengeti plain nearby parks biggest natural zoo finish lesson able describe general characteristics mammals discuss structural characteristics major orders mammals classified compare contrast reproductive patterns mammals determine humans belong levels classification mammals complex class vertebrates found type environment found land mammals warm blooded pairs limbs chambered heart breathe air lungs lives special characteristics distinguish classes vertebrates mammals body covered hair body hair acts insulation help regulate internal temperature mammals give birth live young
steps designing building choosing framework buildings supported inside framework framework look photograph inside framework notice sized beams places size location beam depend function beams provide support form desired shape building building strong beams fastened joints bones human skeleton similar beams building framework size shape bone depend function ways human framework remarkable largest skyscraper finish lesson able list explain functions skeleton bones protect vital organs describe structure give examples major types joints identify types joints studying movement small plants animals function structural framework organisms include protozoans jellyfish earthworms algae fungi mosses larger land water organisms need structural framework trees shrubs large plants supported hard walls xylem tubes material call wood xylem tubes built framework animals called skeleton shape support bodies larger animals skeleton helps protect move parts animal body
physical examination recall doctor asking deep breath hold doctor pressed abdomen rib cage doctor feel liver enlarged enlarged liver sign liver disease liver vital organ part examination important finish lesson able list functions liver explain urea formation important function liver describe liver regulates blood sugar level outline blood sugar level regulated liver largest gland body located diaphragm liver lies side body part extends left side partly covers stomach fig page liver acts filter blood storehouse digested food acts digestive gland producing digestive juice functions liver called jack trades changing amino acids carbohydrates fats function liver amino acids proteins food eat amino acids making enzymes hormones build cell parts eat proteins body body store excess amino acids proteins result liver excess amino acids glucose glycogen fats
computers amazing play chess write poetry rhymes direct space flights compose music monitor patients hospitals inspect bank accounts teach list things matter seconds humans longer things humans amazing computers humans design build program computers fact humans handle complicated situations computer human brain process enormous amount information computer process information step finish lesson able identify parts central peripheral nervous systems describe structures functions human brain spinal cord design flowchart show thoughts actions going part brain spinal cord major centers human central nervous system organs delicate protected fluid bone brain protected membranes billion neurons brain neurons control coordinate body functions brain main areas cerebrum cerebellum medulla fig cerebrum largest area brain divided halves surface cerebrum looks surface walnut bumps folds
chapters learned amazing human body saw body functions complex delicately balanced help body healthy eat proper diet amount sleep exercise recreation general treat body lot health decisions body treat decisions involve substances body substances include foods prescription nonprescription drugs alcohol tobacco finish lesson able list groups addictive drugs give examples group describe effects drugs alcohol tobacco body describe social problems alcohol tobacco drugs collect information substance poster showing bad points proper care ill illnesses include headaches common colds told advertising medicines relieve aches pains medicines require doctor prescription mean medicines harmless non prescription drugs harmful drugs labels give doses proper important read labels improperly aspirin ill death foreign substance aspirin upset delicate balance body
water country greatest resources average liters water cooking drinking liters tasks bathing laundry dishwashing rivers source water rivers provide water transportation electricity recreation unfortunately humans treated rivers sewers beautiful lakes fishing swimming open effort clean rivers lakes aware need care water natural resources realize natural resources forever finish lesson able explain need conservation natural resources give examples misuse natural resources describe list examples renewable nonrenewable resources locate display articles relating conservation natural resources human ecosystems need supply materials energy substances environment called natural resources provide food water clothing shelter energy animals plants soil water coal examples natural resources ecosystems energy constantly replaced human ecosystems materials human ecosystems recycled ecosystems materials energy replaced reasons humans need protect wisely natural resources known conservation natural resources renewable
antelope skull symbol identify animal numbers steadily decreasing continues animal eventually disappear earth panda animal plants threatened destruction factor responsible endangering species plants animals human factor help preserve species human finish lesson able define terms extinct endangered give examples animals plants threatened extinction explain organisms extinct report wildlife protection hundreds species animals plants extinct animals mammoths saber toothed cats giant ground sloths disappeared ago caused disappear theory natural selection provide part answer theory states species change thousands adapted environmental likely survive scientists believe climate changed greatly end ice age ago species trouble adapting climatic caused plants area die animals starved ill died recent times humans responsible extinction species species animals extinct colonial times species animals extinct united states
place home school looks picture stay town city dumps chemical dumps disposal wastes industrial processes chemicals rotting leaking barrels dangerous fatal humans pollution problem finish lesson able describe solid hazardous wastes air water pollution discuss effects types pollution living things suggest methods reduce types pollution investigate fish kill problems today waste disposal estimated american produces kg solid wastes july million united states think trash produced americans percent waste burned incinerators remaining trash goes dumps large cities problems finding places put wastes cities oceans dumps result wastes damaging oceans ecosystems reduce amounts solid wastes disposed logical answer reuse material glass metal containers steel cars lead storage batteries recycled
prisoners wagon lucky thought continental army found guilty harboring tory spy home clinton ordered shot later commuted sentence imprisonment duration war summer revolutionary war raging land prisoner john mild mannered farmer loyalist sympathies intended active part war tory spy home asked shelter night realizing spy big mistake local militia arrested committee safety turned continental army trial course innocent crime fact remained tory condemned death imprisonment tories wagon conducted mines connecticut bad violent damp lack food prevalence disease prison nightmare prisoners wagon prefer quick death battlefield interminable agony prison john paid attention kind talk
dining breakfasting supper hours irregular shells falling fast servants safety meals waited completion fall slowly lapse minutes start cooks families light bread large quantities subsisted milk provided cows killed milking lived corn bread bacon served times luxury meal consisting warmth flour frequently hard tough biscuit soda yeast regularly keeping house ground home excavation earth branching feet entrance forming cave shape wings bed fitted kind dressing room earth cut foot floor main cave stand erect tired sitting portions residence bowed stood variations shell expectant husband servant cooked protection hill quarters close comfortable expected earth fashion
earlier pulled waited truck driver let pass picked startling thought occurred maybe hours looked dashboard clock past twelve thirty wow thought hour shifted seat stretched legs leaning door closed eyes mentally perused things tomorrow today shot opened eyes afraid drifting sleep losing eleven minutes passed nut ample distance thought eleven miles likely drove wasn going try san francisco schedule anyway real easy mann adjusted safety belt switched motor tapped transmission pointer drive position pulled highway glancing shoulder car sight driving staying home nut reputation crazy jack highway lock car garage mann chuckled notion car began turn curve ahead mindless reflex drove foot brake pedal suddenly car skidded halt staring highway
minutes ming home slumped seat glared window bus jerked shook downtown traffic usual hurrying shoppers pushed arms filled packages usual harried policemen watched intersections usual drivers inched crowds turns preoccupied business shopping christmas ming wondered reproached wondered cared strangers father died father iron gray hair saw occasionally sunday trips home nearly hello pa answered grunt hurried restaurant spend hour rest period bed dishwashing bad rheumatism ming heard say times children woman feed ming working ming corrected dead ming braced window ledge bus turned corner headed chinatown wondered mrs warner able care house twins twins pair nearly tall ming fifteen planned teach play football
woman call sojourner truth born slave ulster county york twenty american revolution ulster lies eighty miles hudson river york city gently rolling hills southern part rise north catskill shawangunk mountains sojourner childhood slopes dangerous black days covered dark hemlocks frightened superstitious early settlers straying river sojourner parents ma ma betts owned families dutch descent county born colonel johannes stopped notice possession healthy girl shining blue black skin nodded approvingly sturdy worker colonel needed workers biggest farms ulster county baby named isabelle slaves shortened belle tiny round thing swinging basket apple tree branch kitchen ma ma betts worked proper family slave considered belong mother father parents belle belonged colonel speak colonel belle simply belle brand burned calf side merely announced owner
eager young working verrazano narrows bridge hard nose murphy fall suited happier bridge job working atop cable feet water brooklyn tower small large small standing feet inches weighing pounds sinewy tough named edward called rabbit jumped beams ran wires twenty live thirty big boy named gerard mckee handsome wholesome boy hundred pounds feet half inches coney island lifeguard charm women gentle disposition bridge immediately took friendly forward wednesday morning october climbed cables usual soon amid rattling riveters clang mallets hard heads tightening cable bolts barely visible ground morning attention bridge focus gray windy morning gerard mckee edward left homes parts brooklyn headed bridge
born city cork ireland father richard harris america soon american citizen family laborer railway construction crews took toronto canada brought child american citizen citizenship proud finishing common schools attended normal school intention teacher dressmaking learned position teaching convent monroe michigan later chicago opened dressmaking establishment preferred sewing children teaching memphis tennessee married husband iron staunch member iron moulders union yellow fever epidemic swept memphis victims mainly poor workers rich fled city schools churches closed permitted enter house yellow fever victim permits poor afford nurses street ten persons lay dead plague dead surrounded buried night quickly ceremony house hear weeping cries delirium children sickened died washed bodies ready burial
lou money hard imagine owned store course help bank middle twenties twenty ago twenty pretty notable financial failure lou worst enemies say luck lou sound disparaging making foolish foolish deny lou worked hard clever business say luck tom competitor lou say sold soul devil wouldn mind didn lou cash moment secrets success cash proposition comes lou cash hold thing ada bowler wanted sell late husband hardware store lou middle twenties working store ten starting stock boy dollars week
help evaluate opinion sound ask question speaker talking words opinion based evidence qualified offer opinion subject educational background professional experience personal interests factors experts authorities field look statements case occupation qualify speaker authority subject eye drops morning going sleep night rest eyes minimum minutes opportunity refrain activity put strain eyes periods irritation persists week let front end alignment looks okay shocks going play steering wheel big problem starter going replaced completely rebuilt trouble figuring eye doctor likely authority statement auto mechanic likely authority expert offers opinion subject related field specialty reasonable expect opinion validity
judge reading raised eyes looking glasses wearing glasses honorable charles flynn gave slight nod greeting uncertain protocol juvenile court unknown alex father judge eyes sat settled seated quinn probation officer stepping side judge excuse minute returned reading papers held resting hands quinn took seat side fearlessly scraping chair legs floor alex feeling seat stage moved knees closer held head straight look expected judge sit elevated bench wear black robes movies wore dark suit sat desk flag stand ferns broad plants tables shelves filled dark covered books desk foreground large small bed flag glossy nylon fringed brass colored strings assurance black robes authority impose punishment silence judge continued slowly read reading alex looked stared hands lap
mountains aflame crest burning moments ago binoculars able darting flames jumping hundreds feet air danny left children bathrobes slippers walk main street clear view holocaust girls asleep fire trucks started shrieking sirens common sound city endless succession screaming engines woke fear danny looked front window sky orange glow lighting entire northern horizon don cry danny promised girls danger dry brush mountain going burn fire break bonnie teeth chattering jill sobbing doom imminent myra screaming wildly danny watch firemen going able handle trouble looked eyebrows raised question nodded going sleep beds anyway added sounds helicopter planes coming fire fighting chemicals emergency trucks roaring street block lie bed close eyes
jeff adjusted crank put weight engine sputter bang rattled car radiator taillight jeff hopped seat put foot accelerator sputtering banging increased rattling violent banging sputtering rattling meant aged car running condition depended trip jeff thought halted paralyzed suggestion trip fell machinery mind wrench felt dazed weak swung car yard half turn drove front door took hands wheel noticed trembling violently cut motor climbed ground wait jennie minutes later window voice rattling pane broken shutter ready jeff answer limped house took arm led slowly big room step yard reckon oughta lock asked softly stopped jennie weighed question finally shook head ne mind don lock things jeff agreed lock jeff opened door helped wife car
role grandmother defined sit rockers sky dive careers clean ovens white hair wear wigs grandchildren conducted interesting survey group olds grandmas asked questions grandmother difference grandmother mother question answers predictable eighty helps house nice kind mother mother father mother depending question answers obvious noted grandmothers knit dishes clean bathroom pies goodly number reveled fact grandma polished shoes question stimulated reaction composite differences mother grandmother grandma gray hair lives takes places lets attic swim grandma spank stops mother mothers scold mothers married grandmas grandma goes mother mom shots grandma frogs grandma lives faraway mother re born
sat mercy bus bench vancouver feeling exhausted watched smile turned smile realized twinge stronger sitting bench cold damp drizzle hungry tired smile play plan dream constructing shiver think fifteen hundred runaway miles home sixteen days weeks run delighted adventure cold hungry wanted home mercy tucked legs skirt laid head shoulder vancouver walked miles school free food doled bench weary moment separated youth hostels crashing winos staggering electric buses clattered cables damp colorful banners fluttered overhead mercy smiled prettily want commune tomorrow asked quiet watching reflections sidewalk reluctant answer pressed staying vancouver longer voice sounded felt exhausted flat mercy wrong vancouver los
rancher hills north san francisco saw bald eagles killing lambs king agamemnon king david sheepman mentioned favorably history books killed eagles twentieth century america law harming feather bald eagle rancher arrested days subjected vile abuse press thinking guilty gruesome crime crime spoiling wilderness trumpeting voice wilderness lover heard distances days apt perfectly decent person hysterical excite generally worthy find harsh word strives save lake erie sewers cleveland save redwoods california highway engineers worthy espouse shrill intolerant insinuate share passion whooping crane slob gibberish talk think save bald eagle human reason ask eminently reasonable question shouldn spoil wilderness stopped think wilderness precisely fighting began painful awkward climb civilization
rocket metal cooled meadow winds lid gave bulging pop clock interior stepped woman children passengers whispered martian meadow leaving family felt hair flutter tissues body draw tight standing center vacuum wife whirl smoke children small seeds instant sown martian children looked look sun tell face cold wrong asked wife let rocket earth yes listen wind blew flake identities moment martian air draw soul marrow comes white bone felt submerged chemical dissolve intellect burn past looked martian hills worn crushing pressure saw cities lost meadows lying children delicate bones blowing lakes grass chin harry wife late sixty million miles children yellow hair hollered deep dome martian sky answer racing hiss wind stiff grass picked luggage cold hands
town heart america live harmony surroundings town lay midst checkerboard prosperous farms fields grain hillsides orchards spring white clouds bloom drifted green fields autumn oak maple birch set blaze color flamed flickered backdrop pines foxes barked hills deer silently crossed fields half hidden mists fall mornings roads laurel viburnum alder ferns wildflowers delighted traveler eye winter roadsides places beauty countless birds feed berries seed heads dried weeds rising snow countryside fact famous abundance variety bird flood migrants pouring spring fall traveled distances observe fish streams flowed clear cold hills contained shady pools trout lay days ago settlers raised houses sank wells built barns strange blight crept area began change evil spell settled community mysterious maladies swept flocks chickens cattle sheep sickened died shadow death
hundred society rose power culture included large cities ordered government began small group hunter warriors center mexico took nearby groups formed empire peoples lands ruled government leader aztec empire led ruler powerful later covered central southern mexico early aztecs set capital city tenochtitlan built island lake found bring fresh water city springs mainland built canals raised streets hard earth running city major canals roads led central square aztecs built large pyramids temples sculpture flat tops put markets shops government buildings stone palaces square aztecs flower gardens zoo hundreds kinds birds animals early nearly lived capital city aztecs lived farming corn important crop grew beans squash peppers cotton tobacco farmers grew food government leaders capital aztec artisans skilled workers pottery wove cloth jewelry gold silver jade aztec traders contacted peoples brought goods rubber cacao gold jewels aztec capital
portugal spain western european countries gains search routes east middle portugal set valuable trading posts africa asia spain explored lands atlantic brought large amounts gold silver news adventures quickly reached european countries rulers wanted part asian african trade interested lands treasures spain soldiers ships settlements protect areas claimed especially middle south america spain defenses weak farther north francis king france hired giovanni da verrazano search area route northwest passage north america asia verrazano reached coast north carolina spring sailed york harbor find northwest passage nova scotia returning france jacques cartier trips north america france looking northwest passage cartier explored area gulf st lawrence st lawrence river find pacific lands explored called canada indians lived cartier claimed lands french king cartier trips french exploration sudden halt reasons
powhatan indian town roanoke island eastern part north carolina part land queen elizabeth asked sir walter raleigh colonize england raleigh hired arthur lead group english explorers area times groups explore settle area virginia north carolina john white drew pictures indians towns plants fish birds saw trips white explorer thomas wrote descriptions land england reading descriptions looking pictures americans today idea earlier americans indians lived towns small village ten twelve houses twenty houses built small poles covered top bottom bark mats woven rushes part country chief govern single town parts number towns chief vary greatest chief met governed eighteen towns hundred warriors language chief territory differs towns fenced beautiful
weaknesses government articles confederation lack strong executive drafting constitution framers sought correct problem created office presidency gave executive power person article ii powers duties president outlined clearly spelled definition executive power continuing debate power presidency side supports strong chief executive takes independent action side favors president follows congress closely presidency powerful position power office seen functions president president chief ceremonial head national government president chief administrator chief diplomat commander chief armed forces leader suggesting laws chief administrator president responsible carrying enforcing federal laws hundreds federal departments bureaus agencies offices carry affairs national government control direction president president power issue executive orders offices effect law chief diplomat president leader making american foreign policy president carries role power treaties appoint diplomats give recognition foreign countries
presidential election political parties john adams thomas pinckney ran federalists thomas jefferson aaron burr ran democratic republicans vote close angry jay treaty gave support democratic republican party votes counted adams received majority elected president jefferson received largest number votes vice president political rivals share highest offices land concern threat war france american relations france grown steadily worse washington term french begun damage american shipping british president adams determined avoid war peace commission france american commissioners met representing french government demanded loan france bribe allowing official talks begin french government commissioners refused returned united states president adams reported congress referring french officials news xyz affair known americans angered congress voted funds increase size army navy matter war break sudden change french government helped relations countries american mission greeted friendship leader france napoleon bonaparte
country grew sections northeast south west began form ideas concerns gave rise sectionalism rivalry based special interests areas country area offered candidate president leaders england interested business manufacturing wanted john quincy adams massachusetts president west wanted transportation cheaper land prices henry clay kentucky andrew jackson tennessee west clay thought national figure south wanted lower taxes imported goods backed john calhoun south carolina william crawford georgia calhoun later withdrew run vice president candidates called democratic republicans official representative party crawford candidates won majority electoral votes cases constitution states twelfth amendment house representatives choose president top jackson received largest number votes supporters expected chosen henry clay fourth running president asked followers house vote adams adams close clay support american system economic plan included national bank protective tariff system roads canals paid federal government
movement expansion united states lands west mississippi river influence indians area contact indians newcomers greater contact growing numbers trappers miners settlers moving west affected indians ways caused loss indian land spanish exploration settlement west brought indians ways important introduction horses north america spaniards brought horses explored plains raids trading spaniards groups indians acquired horses horses hunt buffalo easily travel larger areas land trade trappers hunters settlers important groups indians products introduced traders important gun greatly affected indians method warfare forced move indians learn ways making living hunters farming order survive greatest change indians west indians east loss land trappers west fight indians
americans spent anxious months election abraham lincoln late took office march lincoln views south public wondered hoped war north south avoided february abraham lincoln left home springfield illinois begin journey washington reports attempt entered washington disguise secret train ride night inaugural speech lincoln tried reassure country end slavery states existed believed union perpetual everlasting law leave lincoln accept secession lower south union unbroken carry law states protect government property states rebelling finally lincoln stated preserve union costs early confederate states forts arsenals navy yards south fort sumter island charleston south carolina remaining federal strongholds confederacy thought property foreign power southern soil major robert anderson commander fort let president lincoln needed help
blacks living south slaves civil war free owned land money read write hoped reconstruction bring land chance education freedmen wanted able vote hold office order equal place southern reconstruction acts black allowed vote governments protect interests blacks generally supported republicans blacks vote held public office south black officials appointed military governors elected blanche bruce mississippi slave elected united states senate studied oberlin college ohio hiram revels served senator mississippi trained ministry knox college illinois jonathan gibbs dartmouth college graduate secretary florida helped set florida public schools francis cardozo attended university glasgow scotland secretary later treasurer south carolina blacks elected public office war directed reconstruction south blacks minority southern constitutional conventions south carolina outnumbered whites mississippi blacks representatives convention
roosevelt progressives hoped taft working reform soon found odds president thing taft called congress lower tariff later spoke favor high payne aldrich tariff congress passed angered progressives matter caused problems taft roosevelt progressives taft chose richard ballinger secretary interior ballinger favored opening public lands business development gifford pinchot head forestry service spoke taft fired roosevelt angry appointed pinchot republican party divided groups guard insurgents guard conservative group insurgents favored reform taft thinking insurgents destroy sided guard spite progressivism gains taft area conservation taft roosevelt added public forests roosevelt fighting trusts beginning nearly antitrust suits taft railroad regulation effective signed mann elkins act improved hepburn act furthered power icc taft office produced social reforms government set children bureau look health education conditions children taft backed progressive political measures sixteenth seventeenth amendments
getting build panama canal part president roosevelt big stick diplomacy roosevelt liked quote west african saying speak softly carry big stick saying applied foreign policy roosevelt believed united states willing force big stick protect american interests president roosevelt concerned latin american countries paying debts owed european countries thought europeans try force owed feared european nations latin america stay countries happened britain germany italy blockaded venezuela pay debts venezuela agreed arbitration american leaders feared thing happen venezuela crisis led president roosevelt announce corollary addition monroe doctrine roosevelt corollary united states intervene latin american countries pay debts live agreements united states international police power meant responsibility preserving order protecting property european countries interfering latin america monroe doctrine president roosevelt put corollary dominican republic pay europeans owed
conditions detroit auto capital detroit rapidly growing city known iron steel production location lakes helped major center building gasoline boat engines city workshops engines engine parts plenty skilled workers experience making body parts wagons carriages money finance ideas detroit fortunes mining shipping lumber end children looking ways money horseless carriage exciting venture important factor pioneers automobile industry lived detroit area ransom olds oldsmobile henry ford ford motor company william general motors company david buick buick henry leland cadillac moved quickly manufacture automobile growth automobile industry population detroit grew population doubled making detroit fourth largest city country foreign born detroit resident observed person meet detroit born foreign country automobiles beginning sell company trying develop ways produce cars lower costs henry ford plan build model automobile model
americans turning conservatism traditional policies government chief goals conservatism government involvement economy tougher stand communism election reflected country changing mood carter popular democratic party chose candidate republicans chose ronald reagan governor california reagan conservative called tax cuts government spending social programs stronger defense reagan won election landslide carter electoral votes republicans won control senate ronald reagan took office january american hostages freed iran president reagan saw hostage sign american weakness took opportunity announce tougher foreign policy reagan american foreign policy concentrate human rights fighting terrorism fear power clear future acts met swiftly severely president took strong stand communism stopping spread communism issue human rights reagan secretary general alexander haig strongly supported president statement reagan tougher policy aimed soviet union stated negotiate soviets based behavior countries
need import huge amounts oil part changing american economy americans realize faced shrinking natural resources oil resource countries true important metals copper iron ore imports america foreign trade resources part trade part growing number manufactured goods americans buying countries cars radios cameras hundreds items countries sold americans sold united states poor balance trade means americans paying goods countries receiving american goods sold countries problem changing economy growth american businesses size american companies growing late cases means fewer companies making product turn means competition means higher prices companies american cars companies provided percent america phone service companies percent computers united states large businesses conglomerates groups companies produce kinds products business begun oil company bought companies including makes toys makes clothes makes furniture
electors meet respective states vote ballot president vice president inhabitant ballots person voted president distinct ballots person voted vice president distinct lists persons voted president persons voted vice president number votes lists sign certify transmit sealed seat government united states directed president senate president senate presence senate house representatives open certificates votes counted person greatest number votes president president number majority number electors appointed person majority persons highest numbers exceeding list voted president house representatives choose immediately ballot president choosing president votes states representation vote quorum purpose consist member members thirds states majority states choice house representatives choose president choice devolve fourth march vice president act president case death constitutional disability president
notice bicycle racers shown leaning sideways round sharp corner discovered tumble bicycle lean turn bicycle act bicycle rider asks question step scientific thinking scientists begin asking question finding answer depends observing details relationship question answer developed tested scientists observe think predict prove finish lesson able find describe pattern set observations hypothesis describe experiment set test explain relationship theory scientific law perform experiment test hypothesis watched bicycle riders turning corner noticed pattern ride rider lean rounding corner high speed slow speed relationship speed bicycle need lean turn discovery pattern scientific thinking scientific thinking begins observations observations include information gained senses study physical science begins observations physical seeing feeling hearing goes
experience tells moving objects finally stop bicycle coasting level ground lose speed rider pedals moving objects feel resistance called friction friction force caused surfaces rubbing friction push pull needed move book resting tabletop push pull overcome friction book tabletop wheels reduce amount friction friction decreased slippery substance oil rubbing surfaces friction present resist motion moving objects behave resistance caused friction earth hard escape friction common observations moving objects show natural slow stop spaceship feel friction started continue move straight path change direction push push pull called force force moving object change speed direction friction natural environment took centuries scientists discover principle put form scientific law greatest scientists sir isaac newton fig newton stated principle law motion object remains rest moves constant speed straight line acted force
newton law motion shows force needed move curving path sit rotating turntable force required move circular path force supplied friction surface turntable smooth surface friction force large thrown force friction move circular path whirling object end string similar turntable ride fig pull string supplies force needed pull object straight line path curving path hand feels force pulling outward string test shows important fact forces force exists forces exist pairs fact forces exist discovered newton principle law motion action equal opposite reaction fig weight book pushes table force force called action force table pushes book equal opposite force force supplied table reaction force fig held book hand feel reaction force muscles supply
book dropped floor makes sound musical instrument makes sound window opened allow room fill sounds observations sound explained fact sound special kind energy carried waves sound waves behave waves consider effect waves meet waves arrive place affect process called interference waves identical combine single wave higher crests troughs fig sound waves wavelength frequency added louder sound nearly pitch suppose waves crests troughs occur times wavelengths waves tend cancel fig waves wavelengths combine produce wave fig interference important producing kinds sounds hear musical sounds mixtures waves frequencies related simple musical note frequency note notes played combine pleasant musical sound note played instruments basic frequency frequencies added identify sound coming instrument
late armies countries including united states device send signals means sunlight reflected mirror device called heliograph greek words helios meaning sun graphein meaning write heliograph equipment consisted mirrors mounted tripod shutter interrupt flashes mounted tripod fig sun front sender rays reflected directly receiver shutter opened closed produce short flashes sunlight flashes reproduced pattern dots dashes morse code message received km ordinary conditions send messages sunlight light move straight path travels air fig light travels straight path easily direct reflected light motion light shown straight lines called rays rays show path light follows moves substance air light rays reflected surface flat mirror follow path happens rays reflected angle strike mirror fig result pattern light rays changed look flat mirror reflected rays forming exact image front mirror
light color newton experiments prism showed white light colors added sunlight ordinarily appears white colors sunlight spread rainbow rainbow droplets water rain act natural prisms raindrop spreads white sunlight tiny spectrum fig look ground rainbow color spectrum looking highest reds result top rainbow seen band red red band bands orange yellow green blue violet fig colored bands curved shape rainbow seen ground easy real rainbow shower droplets garden hose place rain experiment late afternoon sun halfway directly overhead sun turn fine spray hose point spray high air rainbow seen look patch dark shade small rainbow giant seen sky
force acting moment weightless floating room experiencing force gravity force acts occasionally force electric force walking carpet touching doorknob experience electric force form electrical shock force force similar gravity electric force present experience force experience gravity feel electric force force magnetism lesson explore magnets magnetic forces finish lesson able explain magnets similar objects electric charges examples action magnets explain magnetic poles explain locate magnetic field magnets demonstrate effect magnetic poles magnetic force attract repel magnetic force electric force alike magnets push pull ends brought part magnet magnetic forces strongest called magnetic pole magnet poles magnet shaped bar poles ends magnets shapes poles fig
electricity produce magnetism magnetism produce electricity question answered scientists england discovery michael faraday apprentice famous scientist faraday found current passed coil wire created magnetic field magnetic field caused current produced neighboring wire coil america mathematics teacher named joseph henry discovery found current produced coil wire magnet brought nearby faraday henry discovered magnetism produce electricity magnetic field electrical conductor move relative wire moved magnetic field electric current flows wire generation current called electromagnetic induction electric current produced electromagnetic induction result motion magnetic field wire moves past magnet current flow wire wire held magnet moved past current flows wire requirement producing current motion magnetic field experimenting wire moved past magnet proves current flows direction fig wire moved opposite direction direction current flow reversed
dip finger glass warm water touch ice cube say temperature water higher temperature ice cube warm water heat energy weight ice heat energy result movement particles matter water particles glass moving faster particles ice cube measure temperature measure amount movement particles think agree observations temperature based sense touch accurate measurements temperature instrument observations instrument thermometer instrument measuring temperature materials expand heated shrink cooled commonly thermometer based principle liquid sealed glass tube alcohol liquid metal mercury thermometer heated liquid expands rises tube cooling liquid shrink fall fig thermometer tube scale kind temperature scale invented scientist named fahrenheit fahrenheit temperature scale water freezes boils fahrenheit temperature scale widely past temperature scale celsius scale
ways modern atomic model solar system solar system sun center atom nucleus center force gravity acting sun planets planet follow orbit sun electrical force acting negatively charged electrons positively charged nucleus electrons move nucleus atom solar system important solar system planets follow orbits central body million solar systems million arrangements planets true electrons moving atomic nucleus atom gold atomic number electrons nucleus atoms gold alike gold atoms alike electrons atom arranged gold atoms niels bohr danish scientist worked rutherford laboratory provided theory explain electrons move atomic nuclei fig according bohr theory electrons moving kind atomic nucleus able follow orbits electrons gold atoms found follow orbits identical atoms electron moves orbit definite distance nucleus model common number electrons protons neutrons found atoms
order stay air airship filled gas lighter air airship floats air piece wood floats water hydrogen gas lighter air hydrogen dangerous gas burn mixed oxygen safer gas airships helium helium lighter air helium burn combine oxygen fact helium part chemical helium atoms exist separately part molecule helium part chemical hydrogen hydrogen helium elements single electron shell fig shell hold electrons helium electrons helium completely filled shell join atoms form molecules hydrogen electron needs electron fill shell unlike helium hydrogen reacts atoms form molecules atom reacts atoms elements called chemical activity hydrogen reacts readily elements chemically active helium react elements chemically active inert noble gases inert elements hydrogen helium behave differently number electrons outer shells
diamond hardest substance known diamonds cut stone metal easily knife slices bread diamond crystal carbon atoms carbon found forms diamond hardness diamond result strength individual carbon atoms cling compare carbon form diamond helium helium light gas temperature drops helium gas coldest liquids carbon atoms cling tightly neighbors helium atoms purpose lesson investigate atoms join begin close look hydrogen atoms simplest atoms finish lesson able explain meant chemical bond electron dot models explain hydrogen atoms join form hydrogen molecule explain meant valence draw electron dot models atoms simple molecules general rule describes chemical behavior atoms rule says atoms general kinds atoms tend gain electrons stable atoms tend lose electrons stable hydrogen atom electron electrons fill hydrogen electron shell hydrogen tend gain electron stable suppose hydrogen atoms close
try picture nucleus atom suppose nucleus typical atom size period end sentence electrons belonging nucleus space classroom fig tiny nucleus atom protons neutrons protons crowded small amount space positive charged protons repel takes powerful force hold protons nucleus force supplied binding energy nucleus binding energy holds atomic nucleus differences atoms result number protons neutrons nuclei typical carbon atom protons neutrons oxygen atoms protons neutrons kind nucleus requires amount binding energy hold nuclei small supply binding energy protons neutrons nuclei tightly bound nuclei unstable atom unstable electron arrangement change unstable nucleus change stable atom nucleus stable radioactive radioactivity discovered french scientist henri becquerel becquerel observed substances uranium gave rays pass paper affect photographic film marie sklodowska curie husband pierre interested strange rays discovered becquerel
kinds atoms unstable nuclei naturally radioactive radium naturally radioactive element compared kinds atomic nuclei radium nucleus large mass protons neutrons naturally radioactive atoms radium large number protons neutrons elements atomic number lead generally radioactive radioactive forms lighter elements radioactive atom form carbon protons neutrons nucleus isotope called carbon common form carbon carbon protons neutrons carbon takes part processes ordinary carbon living things including atoms carbon amount radioactive carbon living things remains alive living thing dies amount radioactivity caused carbon slowly decreases unstable carbon atoms begin change stable atoms piece wood house radioactive wood freshly cut tree experiments shown carbon stable rate half number carbon atoms stable carbon half half takes half number radioactive atoms change
nuclear chain reactions produce explosion fission reactions controlled controlled fission reaction place slowly steady speed controlled fission reactions produce energy fig uncontrolled nuclear reaction uncontrolled population rabbits suppose start pair rabbits rabbits mate short produce offspring young rabbits soon grow produce offspring rabbits turn produce rabbits population explosion rabbits control rabbit population removing pair family rabbits nuclear reaction controlled similar neutrons needed reaction going removed controlled nuclear chain reaction takes place nuclear reactor material uranium atoms fuel nuclear reactors fig reactor unstable uranium atoms bombarded neutrons unstable atoms split fission reaction produces heat neutrons neutrons hit uranium atoms chain reaction started speed chain reaction controlled rods substance boron absorbs neutrons rods pushed part reactor neutrons absorbed fewer neutrons strike uranium atoms reaction slows reaction speeds rods pulled part reactor
familiar sign railroad crossings reads stop look listen scientists change sign read stop look learn scientists living plants animals learned curious scientists patiently plan find things look carefully sure information result learn deal summer camp nature walk walk woods pond mountain scientists nature walks learn living things scientist studies living things called biologist naturalist biologist studies nature naturalist walk woods study wild animals jungle boat faraway island camped desert bottom ocean scientists found gather facts fly space walk moon travel distances learn living things course watch birds telephone line observe watch flies ceiling animals zoo living things study thousand ago ancient greece lived wise named aristotle
learn deal living things traveling home study surroundings environment look parks nearby farms homes kinds living things places field faraway places variety living things ship plane train foot biologists explorers places carry packs cameras collecting jars haul cages field glasses bring microscopes notebooks biologists explorers biologists scientists bring curiosity desire travel let english biologist charles darwin sailed ship called beagle visited faraway lands galapagos islands shores ecuador south america returned england later brought notebooks filled observations birds insects coral tortoises turtles fish brought large nature collection ideas living things famous journey carolus linnaeus swedish naturalist linnaeus began exploring lapland north journey foot making observations collecting samples making drawings result explorations developed system naming plants animals
look living things living things share earth land water air land water living things live surface earth live high layer air surrounds earth shallow layer animals plants live called biosphere home earth study biosphere studying ecology ecologists learn relationships kind living thing living things study living things affected nonliving parts biosphere plants animals live sections biosphere sections called biome ecologists divided earth land biomes water biomes guess water biomes freshwater rivers lakes marine salt water oceans bays land biomes differ according temperatures water found chart shows major homes living things biosphere living things affect rabbit affected amounts kinds grass plants environment affected presence animals foxes wolves controlled nonliving factors rabbit affected temperature dropped suddenly stream nearby dried
heard cooking food sound silly happens eat hamburger meat cooked eat eat hamburger cooked body body cooks makes ready food eat process body makes food ready called digestion earlier animals chop grind cut food teeth recall methods produce physical molecules tiny particles food remain foods kinds chemicals living things able chemicals able chemicals need foods living things ways changing food chemically simpler forms chemical part digestion digestion series chemical plants animals digest foods simpler chemicals processes animals including human beings digestive place digestive canal food canal examine diagram human food canal food canal dog cat similar humans food moves food tube mixed bathed digestive juices chemicals digestive glands glands salivary glands mouth juice called saliva
seen picture baby weigh remember dog small pup remember big tree street planted happened amazed find clothes couple sizes small happen examples growth haircut need hundreds cutting nails cut nails shave times worry peeling skin sunburnt course grow skin soon week cut finger soon healed short period flesh skin broken wrist memory broken ends bone mended bone wrist hedges pruned cut week grown need cutting examples wonderful process called growth living things show kind growth growth sign learned living things form skin bones leaves stems follows material living matter comes digested food living things able chemical molecules digested food food part bodies
seen person repair watch looking inside watch magnifying glass front eye lens specially prepared piece glass magnifies enlarges tiny wheels watch lenses invented ancient chinese simplest lens shown fig single glass lens examine wings insect pores skin parts flower enlarge animal tiny flea termite lens simple microscope micro means small scope means microscope instrument small objects suppose wanted enlarge image object lens scientists ago found simple lenses placing inside tube figure lens specially prepared piece glass magnify small objects lenses give greater magnification lens microscope combines lenses called compound microscope easy figure microscope magnify multiplying power lens power suppose lens figure magnifies times lens magnifies image ten times multiply power lens power lens
turn chapter re read sections summary reviewed major ideas living responses environment act stimuli plant animal responds stimuli cockroach runs bright light protozoa swim electricity acid dust nose makes animal sneeze beaver spends months building home spider carefully spins web plant bends light temperature drops birds warmer climate green traffic light safe cross street remember date speak words sing song whistle tune type letter examples activities living things behavior word behavior biology mean responses organism behavior means responses stimuli behavior response environment shows organism adapted environment stimulus change surroundings plant animal response responses plant animal answers stimuli responses produce behavior simplest living things specialized parts course responses show simple behavior behavior protozoa spider web spinning bird nest building complicated
senses heard talk sixth sense senses built suspect human sense organs developed lower animals sense organs puzzle receives stimulus light tell shades light tell form shape size depth distance color human eye course amazing machines figure shows structure light enters eye opening called pupil passes transparent lens object photographed forms image retina retina tiny light sensitive cells image formed tiny course upside cells connected nerves retina receive white light receive color nerves bunch form optic nerve sends message brain message brain object side front eye transparent tissue called cornea cornea diseased blindness older country eye banks sign statement donating eyes die healthy cornea transplanted eye blind person sight returns functions human eye studied simple experiments
cat learned door meow wants dog give paw put hand squirrels park sit hind legs hold nut tropical fish tap fish tank drop food surface water continue days tap tank fish top give food educated fish happen ivan pavlov russian scientist wanted animals learned reactions began number simple experiments experiments tested dog response stimuli dog sees smells food salivary glands flow mouth stimulus smell saliva flow reflex inborn reflex changed pavlov experiments dogs showed pavlov gave dog food rang bell dog drooled pavlov measured amount saliva experiment days gave food dog rang bell saliva flowed pavlov ready big question brought food rang bell dog drooled anyway happened pavlov substituted stimulus bell stimulus smell response pavlov changed conditions act
group words feel comfortable words talk friends friends talk group words comfortably speaking speaking vocabulary sit write letter composition think words fact writing words speaking feel sure words words speaking vocabulary understand think words addition words speaking vocabulary writing vocabulary group words understand read words feel comfortable speaking writing understand reading words added words writing vocabulary equal reading vocabulary larger reading vocabulary understand read larger writing speaking vocabularies able understand chapter learn reading vocabulary larger learn words say exactly mean writing speaking
mark syllable tells syllable emphasized accented words syllables syllables emphasized stronger emphasis dictionaries show emphasized syllables accent marks accent mark larger heavier syllable heavier accent mark heavier emphasis notice words pages exactly normal spellings spelling pronunciation showing sounds word word letters stand sound dictionary shows sound word ridgepole letters stand sound jam dictionary shows sound dictionaries letters alphabet instance letter stands sound bat letters pairs dictionaries sh sound sure sounds shown letters special marks marks called marks mark letter shows stands sound letter short line stands sound sound hear end word pay short line mark called
writing helps write easily addition writing assignments want journal journal small book carry jot things hear write ideas feelings occur journal topics writing assignments hear think feel belongs share writing experiences write remains process writing steps follow pre writing writing draft rewriting revising steps important help decide write organize write rewrite revise written learn follow steps chapter knowing write hardest part writing point process writing choose subject interests jotted ideas journal page journal find write chosen topic narrow handle length list interesting details develop topic
preceding chapters spent mastering paragraphs studied structure paragraph learned develop paragraphs variety ways chapter learn express ideas form writing based paragraph study write compositions groups paragraphs communicate writer feelings ideas study write reports present information learned writer sources composition group closely related paragraphs develop single idea composition begins introduction tells reader composition opening paragraph introduces main idea composition topic sentence paragraph introduces main idea middle body composition develops idea introduced paragraph student wrote composition animals winter include paragraph animals hibernate birds migrate south paragraph animals struggle stay alive cold weather paragraphs develop main idea composition final paragraph conclusion composition signals end reader restating main idea composition summarizing supporting ideas presenting thought subject paragraph composition developed introduction body conclusion
writing composition important decisions decide subject decide treat subject suppose deal gerbils select subject composition ask want tell story experience gerbils want describe look act want explain care gerbils decide tell story gerbils lost classroom write narrative composition want reader pet gerbils write descriptive composition want give instructions care gerbils write explanatory composition kinds compositions narrative descriptive explanatory examined detail chapter writing kind composition requires follow steps preceding chapter steps choose subject familiar familiar reading study narrow subject developed easily paragraph composition list ideas want cover note cards group cards according related ideas list ideas groups arrange idea groups logical order outline write introduction tells composition going sure interesting catch reader attention
writing letters friendships alive obtain information order products express opinions enjoy receiving letters order receive write basic types letters friendly letters social notes business letters type form form follow letter writing easier pleasant task form guide say friendly letter writing casual talking purpose friendly letter let friend feel happening letter writing enjoyable sharing experiences friends casual letters need standard form organized easy read form friendly letter help review parts friendly letter heading written top hand corner consists lines line street address line city zip code line date letter heading pay attention punctuation abbreviate especially date line salutation greeting say hello friend casual personal wish
informal group discussion takes place soon problem need decision arises consider situations family decided vacation want places intramural team decide practice solution problems informal discussion need exchange ideas talk pros cons idea purpose arriving decision plan action satisfies group discussions participate informal occur spontaneously don prepare subjects discuss members group common knowledge experience informal discussions organized involved class club break small informal groups chance express ideas shorter period method need select temporary leader help discussion organized purpose accomplished informal discussion friendly conversation organized specific purpose formal discussion requires preparation organization informal discussion consider topics space exploration continued
half million words english language give quick answer question saying words english borrowed languages story tell story begin prehistoric times chapter learn words started languages began learn english language developed continuing grow sure spoke words sure spoken sure spoken don trying decide words started interesting ideas idea prehistoric noises words lift heavy say uh cold say brrr hot say whew cold drink say ahhh prehistoric times noises uh brrr whew ahhh words words suppose ahhh mean cold drink suppose uh mean hard job heavy ahhh uh real words idea prehistoric imitated sounds heard sounds names things
earlier chapter english language requires understanding practice especially true words vocabulary english huge number words choose exactly alike meaning meaning order say exactly mean choose words express ideas closer choosing say mind understood words close meaning called synonyms list synonyms break words meanings break exactly break drop glass say broke shattered likely say crushed split crushed split meaning fits broken glass try drive large nail thin wood wood crack split splinter won smash shatter word break person break record track instance suppose record newspaper headlines say marathon record shattered word break strong describe spectacular record word shatter stronger sports pages newspaper find dozens synonyms word beat
writing involves making choices write decide ideas want express decide express ideas ways express idea ways clearer forceful precise learning organize words sentences express ideas step making understood writing step combine related ideas sentences sentence group words expresses single main idea main ideas smaller ideas smaller idea expressed sentence result choppy dull addition reader vague idea smaller ideas related group sentences page shows kind edna screwdriver pried lock box rusty opened lid slowly ideas combined sentence edna screwdriver pry rusty lock box slowly opened lid notice sentence main idea main idea parts notice sentence flows smoothly shows ideas related sentence effective group sentences chapter give practice writing sentences express ideas clearly forcefully precisely
develop paragraph incident writer method begins general statement describes happened incident type illustrates idea topic sentence let look paragraph october writer begins statement special quality columbus relates incident develops idea columbus special chosen part city columbus parade spent morning parade rummaging grandmother attic sort costume trying suit coat felt lining reached hole pocket pulled folded yellowed piece paper clear rest writing italian gave paper grandmother left parade evening dad told found lost deed piece property grandparents owned italy according deed property belonged family october chris discovered link paragraph focuses incident discovery deed helps explain writer looks columbus special paragraph developed writer facts figures support idea topic sentence
reading experience writing say want say single paragraph takes paragraphs explain idea fully paragraphs form called composition chapter examines model compositions presents develop compositions reports learned paragraph group sentences explain support idea learned paragraph begins topic sentence tells entire paragraph going structure composition closely related paragraph sentences composition paragraphs sentences paragraph paragraphs composition explain support idea introductory paragraph similar topic sentence introduces main idea composition introductory paragraph main part composition body paragraphs paragraphs develop main idea stated introductory paragraph paragraph conclusion ends composition repeating key ideas paragraph begin clear interesting topic sentence explains paragraph going sample composition main parts labeled earth andalusia town arcangel lies part live
chapter learned narrative paragraph relates events order happened studied person narrative type writing signaled pronouns concepts apply narrative compositions tell happened sequence person narratives writers involved action william dignified fit shoe fits left foot william undignified goat spoiled youth star member children petting zoo town hall built zoo closed william offered free home brother jimmy pleaded dad reluctantly allowed adopt william dad soon regret decision william billy short gobbled sight dad despair jimmy delighted billy plowed garden wasn need weeding couldn tell stalks weeds plants cropped grass short didn ambition saving lawn mower backs billy walk sliding door living room bold expression bewhiskered face saying folks minutes spare dropped pay visit
speaking common form communication feel comfortable re talking friends daily basis communicate understand happens talk group friends fear sets symptoms dry mouth sweaty palms shaky legs quivering voice nervousness affects overcome condition learn speaking skills help prepare put ease times school asked speak informally group informal talks minutes short don impression say important skills speaking informally required preparation presentation informal talks short background sure information need kind background depend course subject talk audience need interview person sponsoring event speaking need library check reference book facts need kind background accurate notes
asked speak specific topic specific group specific purpose presenting formal talk formal talk longer requires preparation informal talk think speaking formally harder complicated speaking informally follow step step procedures chapter soon learn routine formal talks give classmates group age shares common interests easy approach subject suppose successful formal talk social studies class teacher asked give grade class pta successfully change approach subject group understand interested saying determine approach subject consider facts group group meeting learn group expecting support ideas group meeting merely relax fun purpose group include talk ideas information help group achieve purpose group alike age sex education occupation
talk evaluated important evaluation helps learn improve speaking learn ways improve presentation evaluating elements consider evaluate speaker information purpose preparation organization presentation evaluate important rule learn listening key evaluating listening important member audience requires responsibility speaker guides listening help evaluate fairly ready sure located position hear speaker purpose listening speaker speaker purpose inform persuade entertain speaker purpose speaking purpose listening listener intelligently evaluate speaker attentive listener give strict attention speaker evaluate speaker fairly miss information organization aspects preparation presentation add meaning talk open minded speaker subject special interest opinion speaker case responsibility listen carefully speaker say let personal opinions affect judgment speaker abilities
chance water looked saw coming road horse hitting kicking horse fast arms feet move hollering hear colonel colonel coming colonel colonel coming troops tired didn raise head laid ground colonel asked don sure maybe miles dust air mistress handed bisquits cup water looked bread water seen food water bowing saying thank ma thank ma thank ma colonel hit boots kissed mistress hand told horses hollered road feet sat gazing ground officers road call attention wasn kind hurry feet started road hear griping left turn niggers loose left
didn thing didn going didn eat apples potatoes ran didn sleep night reached north didn stay separate thought thought free yes heard freedom talked freedom thought knowed yankees saw marching gate didn feel free ourself ready word free dropped started hot june june sure cotton patch swamps young boys started breaking cotton stalks show master thought slavery hollered strength corn shot corn patch field swamps wanted lead wanted blamed getting lost standing fumbling round waiting charge
bundle ned picked rocks started river looked deep wide cross asked ned thought looked looked looked river nodded started walking sun backs walked morning stopped nibble stuck bushes river sight going move closer river deep deep deep wide evening heard voices coming bend river heard talking stopped held hand ned quiet making noise didn want sure listened listened thought heard nigger wasn sure listened sure nigger hearing nodded ned round bend saw niggers strung place eating resting seen happy black faces ohio
let rubbed chin looked short nearly tall giant weigh seventy seventy pounds yes say seventy give couple bundle say ten let say cover miles weather road permitting weather start raining anytime rain bad weather cover half distance means half miles weather worry rattlesnakes water reckoned means pass weedy places order buck south west east headed straight mi knock half mile leaving care snakes bad weather consider bad dog boy tree stay till pull dog till give wander rob half mile care bad dog vet army hating niggers happened yankees wanting niggers tie log full red ants
looked school place cabin left quarters small children school big children grown field school night teacher young colored north looking brown skin manners grown children loved week special teacher house took dinner tried didn chair house bench wasn teacher sit ned borrow chair chair borrow fork plate fork plate woman worked big house told ned tell don surprised teacher recognized place borrowed fork plate recognized manners saying didn eat ned shame pretended eating looking liked food
changed ned douglass ned brown didn daddy ned brown changed douglass frederick douglass leader douglass ned douglass awhile ned stephen douglass ned stephen douglass awhile edward stephen douglass rest young round taking names douglass brown john brown jane brown turners nat turner sumners sherman ask tell john brown ask daddy told ed washington laugh shake head children tell ned learned read write kind book round house masters washington stop colored leaving south started watching ned knowed committee knowed member watching colonel dye called house told stop told talk ned told don talk stop lot trouble told ned wouldn stop
albert killed dozen black white knowed wasn hiding telling yeah yeah killed killed told thing times taking washing wasn cooking horse pigeon ride pick laundry brought house washed yard water draw river water needed road front house washed ironed clothes pigeon stretch river lived clear evening cool river bank fish summer warm winter fished practically fish couldn eat give reckoned ate fish round fish fish hard kill plain steady killed steady eating plenty fish killed greens fish greens steady plenty walking don walk don walk don drink water
month passed albert didn think worrying stopping ned didn think sense worry thought sick couldn wanted ask cared albert wanted quiet sudden don tell conscience catching bothered matter asked seen albert pigeon lane lived found excuse house coming home thing look lane lead pigeon house minutes ned live road buried buried side place building school finished school death destroyed high water bad high water worse ned live field side road school river bank side road house built place house stood place school buried
started hearing chariot hell room girls heard ear ear pointed reckoned hated ashamed hate sure messing round wasn house didn want daughters rotten sons wanted stay pure church pure wasn pure hated hate papa papa pure swear holy mother pure papa albert turn chariot hell side bed pure don hate heart papa wrong chariot hell run huh told papa chariot hell told damn liar jumped bed started beating strap boys round pull bed chariot start poor lay side bed crying sheet
huey high water happened poor black poor white matter say kinds stories dictator hear talk think ha twenty thirty ago poor wouldn running mouth ha children going round saying respect didn call nigger agree call colored nigger nigger book nigger read nigger sack nigger pick cotton don poor think school bus school tell poor didn months school bit walk miles think rich killed called colored nigger killed helping poor poor black poor white re suppose help poor let poor let poor fight wars let die re suppose help poor
tee bob saw mary agnes brought children look uncle days house look master coffin master bad master clarence samson died robert place coming pay respects brother bathe wear clothes children morning grown evening march quietly view body moment leave didn want whooping hollering room cry cry tee bob wasn house mary agnes children standing shop door etienne etienne tools cleaned sharpened fixed broke isaiah gunn fixed place isaiah carpenter seen fixed house anytime wrong gallery started sagging rebuilt gallery steps dead etienne tee bob standing shop door girl yard children
party tee bob told jimmy mary agnes coming school jimmy driving family car driving fast party raining raining steady couple days kind grinding tee bob sitting car fifteen twenty minutes word didn say thought tee bob mind party sudden tee bob wanted stop car say asked tee bob couldn talk drove tee bob asked tee bob didn want hurry home change clothes party tee bob told didn care party wasn mother found place pulled side tee bob told girl front car rain falling tee bob told loved nigger woman loved didn think heard couldn believe heard
termination sunday termination sunday tell church carrying cross want meet cross river jordan die start singing song soon sung bit chorus church joins sings song going want song church follow yoko sing sing sing father stretch hand thee help singing talk church bit tell shake hand wave sitting don feel walking sit sing song song sing song sing trouble hand don feel church want stay home listen ball game sit gallery tell telling termination listening song living place heard songs tell jimmy front
sitting gallery happened etienne mary strut look lena home yes fa fa fa fa fishing river brought mess perches getting late evening didn feel walking strut children quarters brady coming boy quarters tell jessie didn brady coming home looked saw dust coming quarters etienne fa fa told boy run wave car stopped gate boy jimmy boy overalls yard getting dark didn till steps jimmy spoke recognized voice thing thought happened girl jimmy spoke gallery kissed feel fine miss jane looked dark heart jumping chest tell told girl jail today drinking fountain inside courthouse
lena called round thirty mary helped sweater found walking stick gallery place quiet sunday nights don church leaned mary till reached ground road etienne standing clothes etienne miss jane tipping hat looked nodded proud etienne started quarters olivia cool dust road cool soft sun trees shadows trees crop road drops water dripped weeds hanging rim road walking quietly strut house etienne looked looked coming person dark form white dust farther etienne looked coming looked couldn recognize dark forms white dust joe simon house looked stopped leaned walking stick marching hurrying didn look talking
live planet earth remember planets orbiting sun solar system part vast universe stay space objects space earth behave answer controlled natural forces called interactions universe gravity interaction force acting masses major interactions illustrated diagram page interactions obtain nuclear chemical light heat energy understanding major forces helps scientists explain happenings universe objects universe matter important characteristics matter takes occupies space mass matter stuff things iron wood ice rubber matter form solid milk gasoline mercury matter liquid air oxygen methane examples matter form gas chemists say matter found phases chart review phases matter matter tiny bits called molecules molecules water iron oxygen elements moving molecules atoms smallest bits matter properties kind matter iron modern science goes
electric current copper wire flows unlike wood glass water examples matter related matter electricity inside matter scientists try look inside matter scientific instruments break piece iron smaller smaller pieces finally piece small broken parts longer bits iron call smallest particle atom suppose closed box told find allowed open box shook weighed smelled think finally mind thought inside box scientists try find inside atom similar course methods finally minds form mental picture model believe inside atom found inside entirely electricity found kinds electricity kind called positive negative electricity according model atom nucleus holds positive electricity surrounding negative electricity smallest particle positive electricity called proton smallest particle negative electricity called electron
examine house find wires leading house connected wires hung pole follow wires end power station connected generator machine produces electrical energy inside house wires lead appliances radio set electric light seen electric circuit path electric current power station home ways movement electrons circuit water flowing pipe flow electrons called electric current flows water electrons ability energy ability water current turn wheel mill electric current electric train run parts circuit connected current flow putting switch position separates parts circuit putting switch position figure page connects parts electric current flow part circuit connected circuit complete let examine simple circuit figure simple circuit circuit consists dry cell source electrical energy wires switch electric bulb solid line represents wire
ago discovered ore found places attracted bits iron chinese sailors discovered iron needle rubbed stone needle attracted bits iron found needle balanced turn freely pointed north magnetized needle lead direct sailors voyages magic stone named lodestone means leading stone chemists lodestone compound iron oxide magnetite object attracts iron nickel cobalt called magnet figure needle magnet learn later needle balanced piece flat cork floats water cork water needle turn freely stop matter times needle point direction end point north figure shows simple magnetic compass magnetized needle balanced pivot turns freely compass looks face clock divided minutes compass divided directions directions called points compass point north opposite south look north point east point left west
scientists believe cut piece steel atoms find atom magnet true magnetic substances magnetic atoms form groups called domains domain north south pole magnetized bar domains arranged north poles facing direction south poles facing opposite direction unmagnetized bar domains face directions pole magnet stronger pole according domain theory magnetism atom iron produce tiny magnetic force groups iron atoms lined north poles facing direction magnetic domain cut magnet produce magnetic force force reduced half atoms magnetic substances magnets atoms form groups called domains domains arranged order magnetized substance scientists accept theory true proven domain theory correct explain things magnetism let ask questions magnets answers spring steel magnetized stroking strong magnet north pole big magnet attracted south poles domains spring steel magnet moved steel turned domains direction
sailors compass hundreds knew pointed north sir william gilbert private doctor queen elizabeth england solved riddle performed interesting experiment queen court built globe lodestone represent earth acted bar magnet inside surprise showed north pole small compass needle pointed place geographic north pole globe mean south pole lodestone globe north magnetic pole earth model sir william gilbert showed earth acts huge magnet present magnetic north pole hudson bay canada location km geographic north pole earth south magnetic pole opposite north magnetic pole km geographic south pole earth magnets magnetic field magnets magnetic force magnetic field magnetized object turns direction magnetic force magnetic north pole earth geographic north pole compass needle point geographic north pole happen matter earth compass case
suppose liter saucepan liter saucepan wish cook noodles quickly saucepan find fill pans water heat size flame water boils find liters water boil liters water means liters water require heat bring boil liters water conclusion simple heat needed raise temperature substance depends amount substance matter heat need bring temperature happens rub hands warm course energy motion added skin temperature skin increased let add heat happens investigation electric iron cool happens heat investigation kinetic energy molecules lost object higher temperature passed molecules object lower temperature form heat energy celsius water cooler molecules lose kinetic energy molecules celsius water gain kinetic energy warmer words heat temperature mean thing student science quickly differ
temperature ways sick takes temperature bake cake set oven temperature drive car look temperature dashboard sure engine getting hot morning need temperature air dress properly thermometer instrument measure temperature investigation chapter saw simplest thermometers heat water expand rose tube water cooled water tube thermometers simple fact substances expand heated contract cooled look thermometer carefully consists glass tube bulb end bulb filled mercury alcohol mercury alcohol thermometers water freezing point lower mercury higher boiling point water alcohol lower boiling point alcohol dyed color easier thermometer put cold water liquid sink bulb hot water liquid begins fill tube put fever hot water expanding liquid break water hot
sun km earth heat huge ball fire reaches minutes space sun earth complete vacuum means molecules matter sun earth allow conduction convection heat sun carried earth method heat sun reaches method heat transfer called radiation heat fireplace reaches radiation heat goes chimney heat transferred heat light comes sun comes form electromagnetic waves electromagnetic waves water waves vary wavelength wavelength distance crest wave crest wave waves producing light shorter producing heat waves producing light shortest give violet color longest waves producing light produces red color waves produce heat longer reason radiation called infrared radiation re beach vacuum bottle goes wondered hot food hot cold food cold secret lies bottle bottle double walled air outer walls removed leaving partial vacuum
objects universe matter important characteristics matter takes space mass matter stuff things iron wood ice rubber examples matter form yes solids milk gasoline mercury matter yes liquids air oxygen methane examples matter form gas chemists say matter found common phases fourth phase called plasma electrically charged atoms matter tiny bits called molecules molecules water iron oxygen elements moving end molecules atoms smallest bits matter recognize properties kind matter modern science goes atom consists kinds smaller parts called particles center atom nucleus protons neutrons particles held nucleus nuclear force nucleus surrounded cloud electrons electron cloud held nucleus electrical interaction protons live planet earth remember earth planets orbiting sun solar system part vast universe stay space
things water plants rocks wood metals heat light electricity group examples matter matter chair sit pencil book examples matter food eat water drink air breathe examples matter living grows produces living things finally dies nonliving things things light comes sun stars things listed table touched weighed true light comes fire flash lightning light heat sun plants grow heat ice melt electricity lamps light motors run examples energy energy raised chair picked book energy things happen learn later kinds energy consists matter energy look book pencil pick rock feel hard broken easily shape examples solids milk water solids hard shape container liquids examples liquids molasses gasoline oil
live going materials remain matter finely pound cube sugar powder sweet sugar changed size kind change physical change let think physical change ice cubes warm room soon melt water returned freezer freezes form ice bubbles form water boils show water changing gas gas disappears air water vapor air touches bottle cold soda pop water vapor change droplets water physical change material molecules change form phase shape permanent iron rusts changed brown powder substance makes iron changed lost strength longer iron burning match destroyed disappears producing light heat substances match head wood changing water vapor carbon dioxide invisible gases disappear air molecules wood changed chemists call chemical happened molecules wood iron
known elements roughly divided kinds metals nonmetals kind element depends properties meant hardness color reacts air moisture qualities elements metallic nonmetallic properties elements noble gases kind properties examine iron nail silver dime copper penny aluminum pan shiny penny gray drop break hard scratch examine piece sulfur piece lead pencil crystals iodine shiny colors break dropped scratched easily groups elements certainly group metals group nonmetals pots pans cooking metal tried hold pan food cooked metal handle pots pans wooden plastic handles investigation answer question investigation showed heat traveled flame hand rapidly nail wood say nail conductor heat wooden dowel poor conductor heat metals equally conductors heat
learned elements solid liquid gaseous room temperature colored colorless classed metals classed nonmetals noble elements fall category elements occur naturally earth sixteen elements created laboratories chemist organize kind sense elements properties memorize properties elements arranged easier remember early chemists puzzled problem suggestions list elements according element found earth help list based atomic masses list lightest element lightest list end element heaviest atomic mass list helpful remembering properties elements russian scientist dmitri mendeleev arrangement elements list element list elements according atomic masses beginning list put helium lightest element hydrogen
english scientist henry moseley interesting discovery found number protons nucleus atom increases proton move left period periodic chart table shows number protons elements periodic table moseley found number protons element hydrogen proton nucleus carbon protons nucleus called number protons nucleus atomic number element atomic number elements increases number electrons atoms increases chapter learn chemical properties element depend number arrangement electrons knowing atomic number element chemists chemical properties element periodic table arranged mendeleev arrangement elements according increasing masses elements left side table metals elements side nonmetals soon found elements slightly order arranged according atomic mass atomic mass potassium atomic mass argon potassium metal left side table arranged according atomic mass wrong place table
remember story king midas touched changed gold course story true hundreds trying find change substance attempts early scientists called alchemists chemists believed help stone called philosophers stone able change cheap lead gold experiments looked philosophers stone course found today chemists change lead gold high cost change pure carbon diamonds chemists today spend looking philosophers stone gold cheap metals change elements radium element radon helium happen radium atom atomic mass atomic number means radium nucleus protons neutrons electron cloud electrons radium atom breaks spurts kinds radiation alpha particles helium nuclei consisting protons neutrons beta particles electrons gamma rays form electromagnetic radiation atom protons neutrons electrons element radon atomic mass atomic number
police find person committed crime criminals leave names police identify fingerprints fingerprints criminals identified odors leave dogs odors elements identified odors chlorine identified odor elements identified color copper reddish iodine violet elements parts compounds learned earlier properties element change appears compounds chapter tell chemist able identify elements compound suppose bottle odorless colorless gas told air asked gas bottle knowledge chemistry gas oxygen hydrogen carbon dioxide course gases bottle let assume remember tests gases glowing splint bursts flame pure oxygen burning splint put pure hydrogen pop slight explosion heard put glowing splint bottle goes gas bottle oxygen hydrogen
campers taught start fire woods burning rapid oxidation campers ignite paper dry leaves add small twigs burning brightly put small log fire fire slow starting blow fan fire oxidation takes place wood oxide carbon water remember chapter carbon hydrogen elements contained living things oxides formed oxidation wood carbon dioxide water oxygen oxidation going oxidation going don fires burning answer simple kinds oxidation rapid oxidation heat light produced slow oxidation heat produced slowly don notice investigation shows slow oxidation moist steel wool slowly oxidized oxygen air jar word symbol equations representing reaction iron oxygen produce iron oxide reaction slow heat produced lost air rapid oxidation produces light heat reaction called combustion fire combustion needed combustion campers started fire answer combustion needs fuel paper dry leaves wood fuel
dig hole center earth earth look scientists wondered inside earth found ways study special tools dig samples deep inside special instruments look parts earth scientists learned earth temperature greater deeper pressure greater earth layers crust mantle outer core core materials layer crust crust kilometers miles thick thicker places thinner loose rocks soil rocks soil crust solid rock live crust layer crust mantle kilometers miles thick solid rock mantle rock heavier crust rock mantle outer core outer core kilometers miles thick melted iron nickel core center earth kilometers miles thickest core solid liquid think iron nickel
arrived americas ago ago archaeologists scientists study past cultures archaeologists generally agree siberia christ land bridge connected siberia alaska melting ice ice age flooded land bridge today area known bering strait archaeologists believe big game hunters ate elephant animals called mammoths buffalo camels horses game moved siberia hunters families animals passed land bridge hunters movement americas happened slowly thousands passed groups began moving eastward descendants arrived alaska centuries passed groups moved americas temperatures rose ice age ended ice sheets covering north america slowly melted ice free paths formed rockies game wandered looking food hunters western canada east south south mexico south america archaeologists believe reached tip south america family groups group hunt general area generations
separate cultures developed intermountain basins plateaus grew basin climate dry water plants animals scarce land desert salt flats salt flat caused lake pond dries leaving salt plateau valleys mountains rivers parts land rocky infertile rivers rich fish area developed farming basin remained hunters gatherers fishers plateau fishing traded groups sure steady food supply archaeologists found groups region similar mound builders peoples basin plateau big game hunters food gathering small game hunting culture developed basin archaeologists call desert culture ate seeds berries roots rabbits mountain sheep fished lakes rivers fit desert developed food grinding tools baskets hold food gathered desert culture began moving plateau escaping drying climate basin desert mixed groups plateau influence changed plateau plateau peoples turned food gathering
mississippians building city states anasazi dry farming europeans forming governments building religious social groups late europeans eager explore trade settle distant lands age exploration begin suddenly number occur ready leave homelands began hundred europeans lived manors manors large farms owned powerful nobles high ranking members roman catholic church europeans christians belonged church manors worked women called serfs owed landowner grew return landowner protected serfs wars period europeans knew manor let rest manor sufficient trade travel manors biggest change occur increase trade unlikely factor helped bring increase series religious wars called crusades crusade called pope head roman catholic church asked european christians stop fighting fight open holy land jerusalem area middle east events bible happened
recall unit population british colonies grew rapidly population ten times part growth natural increase part large numbers europeans africans settlers english colonies english middle colonies dutch swedes finns settled colonists countries arrival thousands non english england remained english middle southern colonies germans scotch irish welsh groups required indentured servants large number immigrants choice soon penn founded colony immigrants germany settled philadelphia german speaking immigrants non english colonies large numbers war left germany poor roman catholic rulers parts germany persecuting protestants pennsylvania received german speaking immigrants colony cheap land religious freedom reports germans pennsylvania attracted early group germans german speaking swiss settled kilometers miles west philadelphia soon known pennsylvania dutch german word german deutsch pennsylvania dutch farmers
beginning exploration colonization european nations policy known mercantilism mercantilism economic theory belief colonies exist governing country richer colonies supply raw materials ruling country buy manufactured goods ruling country establishes favorable balance trade ruling country balance trade difference exports imports favorable balance trade means exports higher imports order favorable trade balance ruling country prevent countries trading colonies colonies gaining power controlling colonies sold sold shipped law english colonies supply raw materials england return colonies buy manufactured goods england manufactured goods higher raw materials balance trade favorable england colonies hand unfavorable balance trade beginning english parliament passed series laws enforce mercantilism known navigation acts ordered goods shipped england colonies carried english colonial ships colonists dutch ships carry goods
mid american colonies shared things britain britain descended language english system government modeled britain colonists brought english law set court system spite similarities differences developing recall unit colonial america non english coming colonies customs religions ways added growing american culture colonists chance social mobility europe economically colonists building industries trade routes able solve problems help british government experiences americans developing shows continuity change happening british government attempting tighten control colonists french indian war british parliament took look laws governing north american colonies war helped colonists driving french north america result parliament felt colonists taxed help pay cost war members parliament felt mercantile laws enforced issuing proclamation read chapter prime minister grenville parliament pass laws tax colonies
constitution ratified states electoral college gathered choose president vice president according constitution electors gather respective states vote electors met february votes counted voted george washington named president john adams received highest number votes named vice president took oaths office april york city temporary capital hero revolutionary war washington respect set president win respect government washington knew difficult times ahead federal government job protecting constitution keeping careful balance powers federal government rights states easy government deal foreign governments native americans important government setting customs traditions later presidents federal officeholders follow job washington congress faced filling details government constitution constitution called supreme court gave details constitution gave congress power set lower courts say kind congress passed judiciary act called chief justice associate justices
washington held presidency supported federalist programs jefferson democratic republicans growing strength washington refused term challenged federalist control government election presidential election candidates parties competed major issue jay treaty federalists supported republicans president federalists chose john adams vice president thomas pinckney democratic republicans chose jefferson aaron burr according electoral system person highest number votes president person highest number vice president adams votes jefferson adams president jefferson highest number named vice president electoral system federalist president took office democratic republican vice president soon taking office adams faced foreign policy problem jay treaty angered french thought britain allies france french began capturing american ships caribbean mid captured british seized democratic republicans opposed british treaty encouraged french attacks hoped side france end attacks adams wanted avoid war looking peaceful solution charles pinckney elbridge gerry john marshall france
march andrew jackson president hero average citizen government run small group wealthy americans believed ordinary fill public offices election jackson began political patronage fill federal government jobs political patronage giving government jobs supporters party power person qualified job jackson political patronage called spoils system believed victor belongs spoils won presidency give spoils rewards form jobs democratic party supporters jackson political patronage local politicians president wide federal government strongest challenges union occurred jackson office recall chapter unit congress passed protective tariff angered southerners give northeastern manufacturers protection wanted manufacturers began fight higher tariff tariff passed south reacted angrily southerners felt europeans find american markets goods stop buying raw materials cotton tobacco indigo south economy built crops
president monroe captain stephen explore rocky mountain area rockies passed flat treeless plains trees dryness climate felt area unsuited farming called american desert began maps natural region call plains report americans moving west southwest oregon california american desert settled late oregon country lay west rockies stretched northern border california southern border alaska area claimed spain russia britain spain gave claim part adams treaty russia withdrew claim answer monroe doctrine britain left decide ownership oregon country wanted oregon north parallel britain insisted parallel northern boundary british north america british claim rested number british explorations area claim dated robert gray boston fur trader explored columbia river lewis clark expedition early supported claim
james buchanan took office march shortly panic gripped nation buying credit land speculation brought panic earlier panics past economic crises panic depression lasted north harder hit south northerners invested money industry transportation wealthy southerners money tied land slaves northerners blamed southern control congress economic problems southerners prevented passage government sponsored programs free western lands government aid railroads facing economic problems nation faced issue spread slavery territories solution congress proposed settled issue supreme court tried settle argument dred scott black slave living missouri owner death owner army doctor moved times owned scott lived illinois wisconsin territory slavery illegal illinois according northwest ordinance wisconsin territory missouri compromise doctor died scott sued owner freedom based lawsuit grounds lived free soil free local missouri court decided favor scott missouri supreme court ruled legal costs paid antislavery groups scott took case supreme court
president lincoln successor andrew johnson congress views solve problems southerners freed slaves views end congress guided reconstruction reconstruction term describe rebuilding nation civil war describes period history states confederacy controlled federal government december war fought president lincoln announced plan reconstruction confederate states readmitted number loyalty oath union equaled tenth number voters election form government hold constitutional convention adopt constitution lincoln plan promised amnesty confederates willing loyalty oath amnesty general pardon especially offenses federal government amnesty granted high ranking confederate officials asked president individually pardons according lincoln plan constitutions forbid slavery states provide free public education blacks plan include giving blacks vote part lincoln plan governments set tennessee arkansas virginia louisiana war ended congress refused seat newly elected senators representatives states republican controlled congress opposed lincoln plan reasons thought terms seceded states harsher thought reconstruction powers congress president believed president gained power war wanted reestablish balance power congress presidency
faced domestic foreign challenges war ii return peacetime meant americans change living working previous industry switched wartime production making consumer goods foreign affairs turn isolationism war nation assumed role leader war ended plans help returning veterans congress passed servicemen readjustment act bill rights bill provided veterans hospitals physical mental rehabilitation programs veterans set placement agency help veterans find jobs provided unemployment compensation find bill provided low interest housing business loans education began returning peacetime activity reconversion industry factories turning airplanes making cars major problem country faced absorb labor force million women returning civilian million women jobs defense industries war war needed wanted continue working home lost jobs returning veterans soon war asia ended women unemployed aircraft industry families reunited baby boom
nation faced hundredth birthday faced presidential election voters want put divisions caused vietnam tragedy watergate unfortunately problems grow worse ford faced strong competition republican presidential nomination governor california ronald reagan ford able gain support convention win nomination jimmy carter governor georgia democratic nominee league women voters sponsored series televised debates candidates debates presidential candidates major campaign issue ford handling economy carter won election closest races century carter began administration announcing human rights guiding factor foreign domestic affairs human rights rights belong human liberty pursuit happiness principles founded carter policy angered number nations soviet union carter spoke soviet dissidents jailed exiled protesting government policies internal matter concern areas carter foreign policy successful panama agreed turn control panama canal panama end century
faces america learned past present united states part book describes expect find nation future discussing future important today student spend half century accurately predict future thing change future today live shape live future learn adapt learn help plan ahead scientists called futurists hypotheses future analyze trends past present extrapolate data future predictions help government local federal plan policies deal future recall reading futurists skill predicting alternative futures page activities considered practice future futurists predict population number million million current population addition population average older half population end century population expected shift area country
tall short fat skinny large small words describe words describe find suppose tallest person classroom feel taller kindergarten class feel tall group professional basketball players fact feel small short group describe tall tall compare shorter words tall short fat skinny large small comparisons comparisons help discover ways ways age compare classmates friends comparisons interesting changing rapidly easiest body size shape learn likenesses differences looking ways comparisons measurements measurement describe exactly tall compare height height look scientific measurements learning activity unit measure metric units record data table graph skill builder metric linear measurement skill builder working data table skill builder making line graph
word large mean things look investigation term largest mean longest hand mean widest hand mean hand covers space tell largest hand comparing size hand hands help investigation find data collect metric tape measure distance hand base fingers measurement millimetres size hand place find grid step record book hold hand lightly grid carefully trace outline hand pencil sure lift arm trace hand base squares grid paper mm side think information measure hand outline traced outline traced find widest part hand wide distance tip longest finger base hand squares covered outline hand half square covered count square count squares half covered size hands
sports announcer excellent learn human body imagine situation swimmers tie place freestyle race sports announcer walk talk swimmer breathing deeply rapidly speak swimmer breathing heavily manages say words swimmer breathing answers questions race notice swimmers size means need amount air swim race suppose caused differences rate swimmer breathing ways breathing air lungs chest muscles stomach muscles practice chest muscles put hand stomach breathe air lungs fill lungs moving chest muscles practice breathe moving hand stomach try breathing stomach muscles practice hand move breathe finally practice breathing chest stomach muscles fill gallon bucket water depth cm fill gallon jug water place hand mouth jug turn jug upside lower bucket
heard believe giant called cyclops cyclops large eye middle forehead sense eyes large eye reason eyes maybe eyes eye investigation study need eyes study depth perception cut top milk carton cut strip side carton shown nail punch hole center bottom carton measure string tie knot string end put shorter end string hole inside carton pull string knot hits hole pull string side carton hold place rubber band carton look shown diagram place carton top desk table partner hold carton place position eyes level carton try position knot remember distance knot free end string pull free end string watch knot carefully pull think knot open end carton
imagine home school open door smell hot dogs cabbage hang coat smell furniture wax smell burning wood fireplace haven seen things smell identify stepped door brain odors sensed nose changed messages messages tiny electrical currents traveled nerves brain matched brain records things smelled brain told smelling brain stop working continued match identified odors things happened called remembering memory brain told happening happened home messages move nose brain explained odors move smell nose answer question eyes ears odors invisible noiseless find nose help learn happens pour ml vinegar beaker smell vinegar try mind strong smells drop pinch baking soda beaker baking soda vinegar foam smell foaming mixture vinegar smell stronger weaker add pinch soda vinegar
foods tastes suppose thing ate tasted think dull suppose didn taste tongue tells food tastes sour sweet salty bitter parts tongue tell difference tastes part tongue tells food sour part tells food sweet salty bitter investigation find testing parts tongue solutions sour sweet salty bitter find solutions tasting supply area salt solution sugar solution baking soda solution vinegar solution put solution small paper cups mix solutions paper cup caution sure solutions sure ask teacher fill large paper cups drinking water water rinse mouth taste tests rinsing mouth spit water large paper cup beginning taste tests study picture tongue note tongue divided parts look tongue mirror imagine tongue divided parts hold mirror tongue dip toothpick vinegar solution
disease killers ago knew sick died known diseases sickness death mysteries disease easiest explain evil spirits angry gods witchcraft heal person thought evil spirits driven body gods happy witch needed fight spell bodies healed diseased died young age died killers understand tried find ways live longer greatest progress scientific ways thinking think scientific ways healers witch doctors magicians ways found prevent cure disease science ancient killers disappeared science brought ways living ago lived small separate family groups hunted gathered grew food ate things owned traveled travel difficult today live towns cities food bought stores buy things today travel farther week ago traveled lifetime
animals body parts parts human body bones wings goose bones arms stomach intestines dog similar stomach intestines blood cells horse look blood cells humans think bodies bodies animals true animals run faster humans monkey climb elephant tougher skin hawk humans brain think higher level animals animals live thinking human affected thinking known parts human body scientists beginning understand brain works going explore small part working brain find behaves ways predicted learning predict behavior mind exciting problems science learning activity unit need exact measurements length skill builder metric linear measurement start investigations teacher checked skill skill builder checklist eyes brain close eyes think red apple banana carrot orange picture things mind
happened wrote story report read giving teacher okay teacher found easy word spelled correctly word left sentence saw corrected paper wondered mistakes happen didn error didn think expect mistake spelling simple word expect leave word sentence saw expected read alphabet picture fast find wrong alphabet printed found wrong read expect find errors printed alphabet printing forms pattern pattern letters entered mind errors pattern look errors letters pattern mind affected saw mind affect find investigation study drawing think colored line front bottom edge glass box look drawing think colored line bottom edge box look
suppose asked judge pies county fair tell pie find comparing qualities pies pie look smell pie crust taste pies comparing crusts tastes pies sure pie fingerprints footprints change stay fingerprints footprints person means identification maybe footprints recorded hospital born skill builder study fingerprints examine fingerprints likenesses differences prints person comparing prints able tell match empty envelope fingerprints desk arrange fingerprints order numbered fingerprints thumb hand study fingerprints carefully compare size examine fingerprints hand lens lines fingerprints compare prints remember fingerprints fingerprints person fingerprints
look clouds going rain soon coach expect tough game bus late statements talking statements alike prediction prediction guess think happen prediction wild guess based similar past experience observation prediction guess happen wrong difference finding prediction wrong important surely seen water boil evaporate experience predict happen water sidewalk summer rain predict water evaporate prediction similar previous experience skill builder prediction substance prediction based observations similar experience place drop water microscope slide gently blow water happens water set candle candle stand light candle caution careful working open flame wear safety goggles hold slide test tube holder pass slide candle flame hold slide flame crack
hand lens handy gadget handier microscope hand lens things objects seen eyes seen hand lens hand lens makes objects larger hand lenses able hand lens observer hand lens correctly skill builder teach discover newspaper pictures known lay hand lens letters page look letters lens compare letters letters lens hold hand lens hand head steady position slowly move lens eyes page describe appearance letters remember move lens head lens letters clearly hold newspaper picture arm length study picture describe hold picture closer eyes details picture lay newspaper picture front desk examine picture hand lens look black areas gray areas white areas notice picture notice
angle formed straight lines meet lines called rays flat surfaces meet form angle look angles ceiling room forms angle wall corner room angle formed walls sit forms angle legs angles find looked carefully noticed angles angles size skill builder learn protractor measure angles protractor shape half circle marked special units tell size angle diagram shows angle size measure angle think angle part circle piece pie cut pie circle divided equal parts called degrees kind degrees measure temperature size part circle degree size angle part makes part cut circle angles sizes measure angle find part circle protractor measure angle
track meet auto race fraction separates winner place measuring clock maybe wrist watch measure fraction fraction short period kind measurement stop watch skill builder learn stop watch stop watch measure diagram page shows kind stop watch study diagram find parts stop watch labeled diagram examine face stop watch notice scales numbers hands outer scale numbers measures seconds mark scale numbered start stop watch pressing start stop button hand records outer scale numbers let watch run hand outer scale stop watch pressing start stop button measured look scale numbers scale measures minutes hand records minutes amount minute hand record
remember weighed bathroom scale maybe weighed scale doctor office weight recorded pounds maybe kilograms wrong weigh actually measuring force measuring force gravity pulling force measured units called newtons abbreviation newtons spies measure weight force spring scale spring scale measures force newtons skill builder measure spring scale spring scale weigh things measure weights units force newtons hold spring scale hand look face scale notice marked measurement scales scale measures newtons scale measures dynes dynes units force smaller units newtons spies newton measurement scale newtons spring scale measure measuring spring scale zeroed find metal tab top spring scale move tab pointer measurement scale suppose pointer mark move metal tab spring scale suppose pointer mark
seen materials ocean water water screen contents smaller wonder things ocean water small investigation sample find check solar water evaporated start investigation water left wait disappeared water evaporated left dish describe find mass dish material remaining record mass need mass empty petri dish copy mass results step investigation calculate mass material petri dish subtract mass empty petri dish mass petri dish material percent ocean water material petri dish hint look step investigation copy mass ml ocean water divide mass material petri dish mass ocean water multiply percent dissolved material ocean water percent ocean water water subtract percent dissolved material substance think left petri dish give reason answer don taste material
seen object mass water float object mass equal amount water sink investigation floating object sink return surface making simple submarine trick making successful submarine able surface submarine able sink float let fill box fourths full water place submarine water float teacher submarine mass amount water happen submarine increased mass increase mass submarine hint remember investigation water mass air fill piston ml water box fit piston longer tube shown empty water piston front bottle submarine longer straw shown add ml water piston empty water bottle happens front submarine piston add ml water rear bottle happens rear submarine
trouble measuring depth oceans rope attempts success echo sounding tried produced results echo sounding sound measure depth water heard echo voice tunnel echo sound bounced wall echo sounding works similar ship sends beep sound bottom ocean sound hits bottom bounces ship deeper water longer takes beep scientists fast sound travels measure takes find sound traveled investigation measure distance similar bouncing ball bouncing sound investigation measure stopwatch need find average skill builder finding average skill builder stop watch start investigation teacher checked skills skill builder checklist put arm straight front hold rubber ball hand hold stopwatch hand let ball start stopwatch stop watch ball reaches highest part bounce
dividing sphere sections helps explain things located sphere easier describe location numbers investigation degrees circle suppose north pole walk earth line longitude degrees covered arrive north pole degrees half circle degrees cover walk north pole south pole look sphere remember poles degrees north pole equator degrees lines latitude brown lines hint count number lines latitude drew north pole equator degrees lines longitude hint remember lines longitude sphere suppose west prime meridian north equator draw black sphere show position check teacher place suppose location rescue party found suppose prime meridian degrees west travel halfway earth
early scientists knew bit neighbors space knew able leave earth information gathered telescope investigation help telescope works telescope parts tubes end caps glass lenses glass lenses heart telescope telescope examine lenses differences lenses slide small tube part large tube look tubes object opposite side room wall clock poster object look sketch object appears tube put large lens large end cap fit cap end large tube put small lens small cap put cap end small tube put small lens small end cap put cap end small tube point telescope object step look small end telescope slide small tube called focusing focus telescope image sharp clear sketch object appears telescope object look telescope open book stand cm
rocket want land rockets travel curved path curved path called trajectory investigation trajectory affects course rocket set rocket launcher rocket small sphere hole let sphere slide dowel rest top spring push sphere dowel hand happens sphere think carefully pushed spring action part action happen let spring uncoiled reaction notice reaction opposite direction action remember pushed spring let spring sphere naturally real rockets launched law motion applies force action direction makes rocket opposite direction true balloon rocket sled air escaped balloon balloon forward trajectory rocket affects distance traveled angle dowel help change trajectory
healthy living physical mental social health sheet paper list things describe feel ways choose describe class likely wrote things ways healthy involves areas physical mental social health physical health body cold feel tired body working physical health times body works physical health mental health includes think feel deal problems feel hurt angry feelings affect mental health times think clearly feel deal feelings problems face social health relate share
sharing think feel person called communication learning communicate important clear communication relate friends able share think feel family important rules help develop communication listen carefully talking repeat things tells confidence judge fun tell examples show rules important joyce jill talking joyce tells jill disappointed soccer team jill starts talk joyce feel jill listening miguel talking juan family miguel worried younger sister poorly school juan tells joe friend miguel sister smart miguel hurt thought juan repeat told bill martin talking bill says understand math homework martin says easy smart bill feels martin judging examples communication rules broken break rules relate happens rules communication broken
boys girls age grow develop rate exactly person glands begin produce hormones friend age start adolescence sooner later friend girls begin adolescence ages boys begin adolescence ages girls taller developed boys age diane dave twins twelfth birthday measure growth chart figure diane taller dave dave uncomfortable twin sister bigger dave growth spurt soon physical happen adolescence girl grow taller hips widen fat deposit breasts buttocks voice lower remains higher pitch boy voice boy voice deepen pitch voice crack talking normal part maturing muscles legs arms grow larger shoulders broaden hair grows face girls grow develop sooner boys adolescence emotions feelings inside examples emotions shown margin
ricardo john mabel developed eating habits habit usual things eating habits healthy unhealthy nutrition study eat habits affect health body needs eat foods meet needs nutrients substances foods needed body grow need nutrients repair body cells supply energy body needs main kinds nutrients look feel foods provide important nutrients proteins nutrients needed growth repair body cells muscles skin nails hair proteins foods protein fish chicken turkey meat eggs milk wheat germ peanuts cheese beans fats nutrients provide body energy help body store vitamins foods fats fat butter meat milk ice cream carbohydrates nutrients main sources energy body sugars starches carbohydrates foods choose carbohydrates include cereal rice potatoes bread noodles fruit candy soft drinks foods vitamins nutrients help body proteins fats carbohydrates vitamins important vitamins listed chart
habit eating breakfast breakfast important meal healthy breakfast includes protein begin protein energy morning feel tired hungry think clearly school young age eat breakfast hungry school feel dizzy faint think lose weight skip breakfast true skip breakfast eat food rest foods eat breakfast eat foods eggs cereal bacon eat foods eats cottage cheese roberto eats cheese sandwich edward likes peanut butter crackers foods protein usual breakfast foods choose foods protein eating breakfast help learn grades school steady customer drive restaurant stop ice cream store stop donut shop school eating fast foods fast food food ready eat buy fast foods foods americans eat fast foods sold vending machines
eyes camera pictures unlike camera eyes send messages computer computer brain brain interprets seeing funny picture picture funny reaches brain picture reaches brain interpreted funny begin laugh picture laugh let picture reaches brain light object passes pupil eye pupil small dark hole looks circle middle eye size pupil control amount light enters eye dark area pupil open wide light enter area bright light pupil small light enter size pupil controlled iris iris muscles control size pupil eye protected light light goes lens passing pupil lens light rays bend focus retina retina lining eye nerves sensitive light nerves change light nerve messages optic nerve carries messages retina brain
health products health services help bill eye doctor bought health service health service place person helps healthy bill parents bought eyeglasses bought health product health product keeps healthy bill health consumer health consumer person buys health products health services consumer health products health services physical mental social health look health triangle physical mental social health page center triangle picture happy healthy person age person makes wise choices health health products physical health body healthy list products family physical health realize health products buy students age list health products families bought recently surprised lists alice family getting ready camping list things need health products protect physical health alice wanted buy insect spray bugs biting mike remembered list shopping grandmother mike grandmother lives family
important look feel health products services choices quack person tries sell useless products services products services healthy method quack sell useless products services called quackery quack say things try help mind things listed margin let statements quacks influence choices consumer spend money careful important wise choices bob goes skin doctor doctor advises bob eat foods help problem doctor says bob skin clear bob reads magazine skin cream bob sends cream sally asks alice house play alice play game says hard learn alice stays home decides watch tv frightened watching program lot crime night sleep bob spent money product improve physical health product help bob
bill eyes sparkle maria eyes shine gina eyes clear describe eyes terms eyes give doctor clues health doctor instrument called shine light eye doctor internal parts eye doctor blood vessels healthy doctor learn symptoms illness parts body looking eyes eyes deep dark sunken lost weight rapidly fat layer eye lose weight fat lost growing fast feel tired doctor notices eyes bulge thyroid gland controls growth bulging eyes symptom gland functioning doctor look inside ears examine ear canal eardrum buildup wax doctor remove infection inside ear swollen pus ear pus yellowish white matter produced infection asked repeat words doctor whispers simple test learn hear normal sounds hear whispered words doctor suggest ear specialist check ears
alcohol depressant drug found beer wine whiskey drinks forms yeast cells act grains vegetables fruit sugars action yeast cells grains vegetables fruit sugars called fermentation alcohol type fermentation called ethyl alcohol grain alcohol alcohol fermentation wood products type alcohol called methyl alcohol wood alcohol methyl alcohol poisonous person drinks methyl alcohol blind die ethyl alcohol kind alcohol found alcoholic beverages drinking ethyl alcohol dangerous word alcohol chapter means ethyl alcohol alcohol colorless clear liquid person drinks alcohol burning sensation felt feeling occur mouth throat chest area greater amount alcohol drink greater burning feeling sip whiskey produces greater burning feeling amount beer whiskey alcohol beer main kinds alcoholic drinks kind beer beer alcohol kinds alcoholic drinks american beer percent alcohol wine general kind alcoholic drink wines percent alcohol wines alcohol wines percent alcohol
age drink question need alcohol story follows change thinking drinking affect leave wedding party uncle john tall weighs pounds says drive home drank ounce whiskey uncle fred height weight uncle john uncle fred drank ounce wine uncles drivers uncle feel safer safer riding uncle fred wine drank effect ounce whiskey knowledge alcohol help decision help protect safety known fact alcohol person person accident driver drinks dangerous driver drink thousands young suffer injuries death drink drive alcohol problems young affected close family member drinks person difficult unpleasant normal activities studying home suffer relationship drinking alcohol person ability concentrate alcohol related problems family relationships suffer ways help avoid effects alcohol person drinking affect try protect
family members play important role decisions decisions based family members believe studies show persons age likely misuse drugs feel loved families studies show persons age follow behavior parents likely smoke parents smoke believe family prevention drug misuse reasons parents experience older things knowledge help responsible decisions family members help likely family family aware needs misuse drugs need persons misuse drugs need liked friends feel friends drugs tell family members concerns help things problems friends think family help need talk think problem talk feel talk problems problem things
morgan involved accident tractor result lost arm severely injured morgan hospital months operations morgan stay hospital resulted high medical bills family morgan overheard parents wondering pay medical bills don worry help months morgan left hospital decided plan started collecting bottles recycling morgan worked hard collected thousands bottles weeks money earned bottles pay bill ambulance services accident morgan learned earn money collecting aluminum cans recycling money earned bottles cans soon able pay hospital bill news morgan determination effort spread created lot interest large metal recycling company put morgan touch sporting goods company sporting goods company makes products aluminum company offered give scrap metal morgan collection soon helping morgan morgan hospital fund started grow larger accident morgan reached goal plan worked parents south georgia medical center pay final payment medical bill
large cities air cleaner past result laws concerning automobile engines cars greatest air pollution cars built today pollute air cars built ago reasons cars built recent gas mileage cars built ago produce pollutants burn gasoline cars unleaded gasoline regular gasoline regular gasoline lead lead air exhaust engines burn kind gasoline lead inhaled lead body affect person stomach brain unleaded gasoline lead exhaust engines kind gasoline lead cars built pollution controls controls reduce amount pollutants cars federal government passed clean air laws laws control amount pollutants produced industries result industries regulated show release harmful substances industries fined obey laws regulations helped air cleaner large cars pollute small cars government important control air pollution help prevent reduce air pollution air pollution laws help protect aware air pollution laws community
methods reducing water pollution successful places lakes rivers polluted cleaned fish live places addition lakes rivers swimming live city water drink safe government plays important role making sure drinking water safe checked daily drinking water polluted result large storms hurricanes think drinking water polluted call local government listen radio announcements water conditions water safe drink germs germs killed boil water drinking hiking camping carry clean water clean water difficult find sick swallowing water swimming pool water pool look clean germs think pool germs try swallow water want swim boil drinking water flood thought happens garbage goes garbage picked home school places place garbage open dump open dump large open area garbage piled
turn page page blank write page stop ask kind person change copy form page page include book completing page important build strengths decide things change set realistic goals healthy happy living wrote personality friendly personality personality active quiet personality describe describe express personalities personality combination person physical mental emotional traits personality influenced things heredity environment culture born traits look parents grandparents eye color tall receive traits parents heredity process traits passed parents offspring inherit physical mental emotional traits physical traits body easiest
chapter learned concept feeling accept loving loving feel loving relate loving act loving ways loving loving person act sheet paper write ways think person act maybe wrote loving person helps loving person responsible loving person respects loving person understanding loving help clean room help wash dry dishes help friend deliver newspapers playing game help put things bring schoolwork home friend school loving responsible think effect actions broke window say offer hurt think actions admit wrong apologize loving respect think feel recognize friend handicap person hard things
things describe mental health mental health feel mental health mental health feel mentally healthy mental health able meet demands means able things school homework help home unusual happens problems problems mental health experts define person mental health person seeks solve problems arise problems math class steps find solutions steps find solutions problems daily living problem solving approach consists steps solve problems arise step aware notice things going feel feel trouble school simple tasks hard step try describe feelings feel
proteins nutrients needed growth repair body count water proteins half body mass proteins muscles skin nails hair body parts proteins help body ways speed activities help regulate body functions percent total energy comes protein eat protein breakfast today sources protein meat fish eggs milk wheat germ peanuts think sources protein fats fats nutrients provide body source energy fat mean overweight condition fat nutrient fats help body store energy fats help body store vitamins types fats saturated fats obtained foods animal origin examples butter fats meat kind fat damage blood vessels unsaturated fats vegetable origin examples oils derived corn peanuts olives prepared foods saturated unsaturated fats saying describes fats eat things fly swim things walk run foods things fly swim foods things walk run eat select foods try remember saying
malnutrition faulty poor nutrition eats poorly nutrients malnourished malnourished eat servings basic food groups malnourished eat wrong foods diet lacks proper nutrients foods nutrients called junk foods consider soft drinks chips junk foods examples junk foods malnutrition deficiency diseases deficiency disease disease caused lack vitamins minerals nutrients beriberi deficiency disease caused lack thiamine vitamin legs stiff numb muscle tissue breaks nervous system affected person able move beriberi need eat foods peas liver milk thiamine doctor give injection thiamine kwashiorkor deficiency disease caused lack protein diet common underdeveloped countries diet cereal rice disease greatly affects children age diet deficient proteins change hair skin color stomach swell bones form correctly disease death person suffering kwashiorkor needs eat large amounts protein
white layer eye called sclera covers entire eye cornea cornea transparent bulge front part eye cornea iris iris blood vessels pigment cells give eye color pupil opening center iris pupil light enter eye muscles iris change size pupil dim light iris muscles contract pupil larger light enter pupil bright light iris muscles expand pupil smaller light enter pupil pupil lens lens bends light rays enter eye image formed lens upside brain reverses impulses receives image correct position retina innermost layer eye sensitive cells interpret light reading page light waves moving cornea light waves pass pupil lens lens bends light waves nerve endings retina stimulated light retina special nerve cells sensitive light nerve cells rods cones rods dim light help objects shades black gray white cones bright light
hallucinogens drugs hear things exist things called illusions difficult label drugs hallucinogens drugs give effects drugs put group marijuana pcp lsd marijuana leaves stems flowering tops indian hemp plant cannabis sativa pure form large amounts marijuana produce mild hallucinations marijuana temporary loss memory judgment coordination increased hunger recent studies shown lung damage occur heavy marijuana unfortunately marijuana users lose interest school activities involved marijuana marijuana physically addicting psychologically addicting marijuana researchers treating cancer patients marijuana help relieve nausea cancer treatments marijuana experimentally tested treatment eye disease known glaucoma information known marijuana research needed say side effects hallucinogen pcp pcp known angel dust pcp users generally swallow drug pills capsules powder smoked marijuana pcp poor muscle coordination affect body senses pcp pills substances users pills
kinds alcohol ethyl alcohol type found alcoholic drinks called grain alcohol prepared grain amount ethyl alcohol drinks varies type beverage hard liquors whiskey percent alcohol beer percent alcohol table wines served meals percent alcohol wines sherry port alcohol content ranging percent alcohol content written bottle label content expressed proof liquor proof liquor content alcohol drink percent alcohol proof table lists proof types alcoholic beverages alcohol depressant slows rate body functions think alcohol stimulant alcohol speak freely alcohol mood change happen alcohol affects part brain controls judgment alcohol stimulate body systems alcohol effect body alcohol digested absorbed blood alcohol enters blood stomach small intestine effect alcohol body depends conditions amount alcohol person drinks
footballs things passed person person pass microorganisms microorganisms small living things seen microscope microorganisms disease microorganisms infectious diseases infectious diseases passed person common cold measles examples infectious diseases infectious diseases spread person person organisms diseases carried infected animals insects food air water organisms spread healthy occurs healthy person infected ill communicable disease disease person person communicable disease infectious disease mean thing diseases passed person person group diseases called diseases heart disease cancer examples diseases diseases inherited hemophilia disease inherited diseases known called noncommunicable diseases chapter focus communicable diseases communicable disease communicable disease microorganisms diseases microorganisms present determines communicable disease communicable disease health habits likely poor health habits
testimony statement establish fact testimony appeal known person says product favorite actress talk products favorite football player brand product company pretend company called smith company called jones company makes chocolate candy bars wrapper candy bar says smith chocolate candy bar wrapper candy bar say jones chocolate candy bar smith jones examples brand names advertisements tell brand brand loyalty appeal tell rely brand warned try brand sorry pay cents brand progress appeal told product added times package changed makes think product improved image imagine image false image appeal encouraged need product false happen false product happen
look food labels figure labels nutrition information food labels kind nutrition information federal law requires information kinds claims label carton milk say lowfat claim carton carry nutrition information look food labels carefully information find nutrition information serving tells serving size tells servings container learn calories serving important learn nutrients food food drug administration studied nutrients need fda set recommended daily allowance rda rda amount nutrient adult eat food label tells percentage rda serving product want remember adult rda children teenagers foods similar buy buy wisely compare nutrition information tips grocery shopping want shop store unit prices addition regular prices unit price price unit measure ounces soup unit price price ounce
food drug administration fda federal agency united states department health human services fda checks safety effectiveness drugs medical devices checks purity food safety cosmetics fda makes products correctly labeled fda requires product carry warning warning tells product safely medical practices forbidden fda fda regulate laws drugs case fda final word fda powerful source consumer protection area legal drugs suspect injury danger foods drugs cosmetics contact fda district offices call local health department find office nearest contact national headquarters federal trade commission ftc federal regulatory agency ftc deals false advertising newspapers magazines radio television counter drugs foods cosmetics medical devices true ftc issues complaint proven person company false claim found guilty stop continue fined claim maximum fine ftc difficult job heavy fine
hearing senses enjoy music radio tv conversation sounds nature sounds unpleasant sounds called noise noise form pollution public health officials worried noise pollution effects human health dr william stewart surgeon general noise considered health hazard damage noise pollution harder air water pollution noise pollution affects health millions americans fourteen million exposed industrial noise loud affect hearing thirteen half million exposed dangerous noise levels trucks airplanes motorcycles sound equipment lawn mowers kitchen appliances hear sound energy sound waves hits eardrums sound measured units called hertz decibels hertz unit frequency pitch sound loudness measured decibels obvious health effect noise noise hearing loss loss hearing gradual hearing aids restore noise damaged hearing help link exposure noise heart problems noise form stress stress heart rate hormone secretion blood pressure studies industrial settings confirm noise affects circulatory system physicians suggesting heart patients steps reduce exposure noise
aware problems environment steps reverse damage cases improvements environment occurred air pollution cities decreased process renewing natural resources easy process expensive terms money situations takes change patterns arguments exist methods renew resources lawmakers think practices harmful continued industry forced close afford meet pollution requirements workers jobs industry shut tax money community industry shut industry forced meet pollution standards easy answers choices air breathe cleaner past reason regulations automobiles antipollution devices improved manufacturing standards reduced pollution produced cars pollution free fuel progress area cars produced require lead free gasoline emit lead air lead poison enter lungs breathing cars greatest contributors air pollution cars road today air pollution decreased
average american threw kilogram solid waste today americans dispose half kilograms billion spent collect dump burn bury solid waste disposal solid waste contributes air water land pollution reusable items thrown reduce pollution find ways collecting reusing trash solid wastes energy produce power wastes compressed produce building blocks wastes fill develop recreational areas recycling give benefits conservation natural resources improvement economic condition providing jobs reduction air water land pollution conservation energy resources recycling centers set communities bring reusable waste collection center centers educate need benefits recycling recycling centers involve community collect sort materials recycling process materials recycled include paper glass aluminum brass copper clothing motor oil ton recycled paper save trees large amount energy recycling glass reduces pollution reuse metal cuts production costs conserves mineral resources clothing charity groups recycling motor oil protects environment plastic rubber furniture recycled things recycle solid waste
feeling concept concept winner poor concept loser concept influences physical mental emotional social health look winner loser scale page winner loser winner winner increase knowledge knowledge information give understanding poor concept results understand happening body examples uncomfortable bodies bob growing rapidly taller rest students feels awkward wonders growing fast begins slouch shorter proud body jane beginning develop acne skin clear jane begins conscious wants cover face uncomfortable body bob jane difficult understanding occurring bodies feel uncomfortable health class learn person develops rate learn grow fast slow develop bob jane begin learn accept bodies comfortable
defense mechanism adjust pressures daily living defense mechanisms defense mechanism healthy unhealthy depending knowledge includes knowing defense mechanisms want examples defense mechanisms gary parents divorced angry gary tell parents angry breaks window school show anger gary indirect expression called displacement displacement live jane thinks alice gossip tells school alice talks jane thing jane projection projection disown things recognize behavior jane gossip tim shy recently joined group boys trouble loud confident tim wants feel qualities group tim joins group feel qualities eat cereal famous athlete reason think athlete
giving sharing information communication communication communication important total health communication skills concept learn improve communication skills need knowledge communicate skills skills need develop arrived school close friends pass friend say class expect answer cliche cliche share information expect answer cliche cliche let noticed cliches gossip friends gossip talk person talking hear saying talking friend conversation say fred teacher talking fred thinks feels talking think feel
look road map notice hundreds thousands routes want place help reading map routes map blood vessels body routes map serve transport system blood vessels body serve routes blood major types blood vessels body arteries veins capillaries arteries blood vessels carry blood heart blood arteries greater amounts oxygen blood veins explain arteries thick muscular walls walls elastic heart beats force blood arterial walls bulge beats walls spring feel pulse notice bulging artery heartbeat veins return blood body cells heart walls veins muscle arteries compared blood vessels veins lie close surface skin veins body veins wrist forearm blue lines blood veins slow moving veins smooth walls help flow blood veins valves prevent blood veins flowing backward vein veins body carry oxygen
reading page factors affecting body factors body called stimuli words page stimuli send messages nerves brain turn brain interprets reading factors affect muscles body reading end page book brain send message nerves muscles hand fingers turn page continue read nerves brain spinal cord nervous system nervous system works telephone network want call dial telephone number sends impulse wave energy central computer turn impulse telephone person person answers phone communicate telephone call stimuli body nerve cells called neurons central computer brain spinal cord brain spinal cord central nervous system brain computer body receives processes stores sends information brain soft mass billions nerve cells located skull part brain performs function body major parts brain cerebrum cerebellum medulla
glue works including models dishes furniture tools heard repair brain doctors working perfecting methods treat crippling fatal brain disorders alternative difficult brain surgery preventing seizures strokes brain damage death past doctors experimented brain glue animals experiments successful food drug administration approved method doctors permitted brain glue humans brain glue let observe surgeries patient automobile accident skull fractured pieces skull cut artery brain left eye blood pours artery brain patient die artery repaired case doctor open skull exposing brain order repair damaged artery originally glue injected damaged area small flexible tube called catheter tube tube inserted artery neck head threaded vessels site damage reached glue injected seal artery eliminated risk exposing brain difficult exacting procedure glue applied simpler procedure greater accuracy
look page joe diary joe wondered school dance leg cast doctor put joe leg cast improve joe physical health doctor needs aware joe mental emotional social health joe needs share concerns doctor doctor help joe total health parts health physical mental social emotional mind doctor physical problem share affects social schoolwork problems feelings share affect body doctor feel healthy feel ill answer yes situations advisable routine checkup feel terrific doctors recommend checkup school begins checkup doctor screening examinations screening examinations find diseases disorders symptoms symptom change bodily function normal pattern routine checkup important part health care helping prevent illness addition routine checkup want doctor symptoms illness symptoms symptoms interfere daily activities symptoms require medical attention table thing doctor gather information
cancer disease body cells grow rapidly invade healthy tissue understand cancer helpful learn normal cell growth division center cell nucleus nucleus dna genetic material cell dna cell codes grow cell codes regulate divide cells food bloodstream cancer interferes messages cell dna important function message cell dna growth message clear cell cell stop growing cell grows cancer defined abnormal growth cell fast growing cells group form tumor types tumors benign malignant benign tumor cells similar surrounding cells enclosed membrane prevents spreading tissues benign tumor dangerous affects normal body functions cutting blood supply organs malignant tumors cancer cells cells malignant tumor spread normal tissues destroy reason important diagnose treat cancer spreads cancer cells form surface tissue cancer begin surface skin lining mouth grow deeper tissue
cancer result combination genetic viral chemical physical completely understood researchers explain exactly likely types cancer family cancer viruses cancer animals prevented humans examination habits explain chemical physical cancer carcinogen cancer producing agent chemical physical cancer specialists feel carcinogens factor percent cancer cases habits expose carcinogens greater risk cancer contact carcinogens reduce risk cancer cigarette smoke substances known carcinogens lung cancer smokers cigarette smoking control unhealthy habit reduce chances getting cancer smoke begin smoke quit radiation radioactive particles known carcinogens building radiation notice radioactive materials wear special protective coverings saw caution radiation signs precautions prevent overexposure radiation important radioactive materials getting environment atomic bombs war ii contained radioactive materials
drug substance food affect body ways drugs help headache treat pain aspirin aspirin drug relieve headaches sore throats muscle aches aspirin safe drugs aspirin harmful aspirins act poison aspirin stomach problems think times dentist dentist drill inside tooth drug dull pain painkiller drug numbs nerve cells small area body dentist injects gums ability feel drilling decrease makes dentist job easier drug months vaccine immunize disease immunization method body resistant disease immunization prevent disease developing inside body past young children died effects diseases diphtheria polio today effort immunize child diseases finished children start kindergarten
drink alcoholic beverages drug drug alcohol opposite effect stimulants alcohol slows rate activities body drugs slow rate body activities belong group drugs known depressants depressants called downers alcohol widely depressant digested foods alcohol absorbed directly bloodstream stomach blood carries alcohol directly brain alcohol reaches brain body activities slow alcohol users sleepy depressed loud talkative drinks alcohol varying effects large amounts alcohol produce similar effects effects loss judgment poor muscular coordination confusion common depressants barbiturates barbiturates drugs prescribed doctors treat high blood pressure anxiety help sleep person barbiturates drunk acting confused staggering walking speaking slurred speech overdose barbiturates death result barbiturates addiction addiction barbiturates physical need drug person body needs larger larger doses drug effect occurs body developed tolerance drug person addicted drug withdrawal sickness occur person stops taking drug
ten families member alcohol related problem alcoholism disease treated cured earliest successful methods help alcoholic help approach help method implies help cope problem interacting similar problems experienced things alcoholics relate help group formed alcoholics anonymous aa aa treatment organization consists alcoholics help resist urge drink receive help group alcoholics things alcoholics accept fact alcohol ruining lives admit stop drinking ask aa help attend regular aa meetings aa successful treating alcoholics stop drinking alcoholics attend aa meetings remainder lives drinking hard struggle members aa feel hard worth happy alcoholism problem alcoholic problem entire family family relationships strained problems caused alcoholic al anon formed reason began part aa separate organization
pollution form matter energy harmful released environment environment substances essential unprotected polluted environment harm health effects pollution health total impact pollution difficult measure pollutant affects human depends factors factor physical chemical nature pollutant length person exposed pollutant determine effects body amount pollutant present important factor health effect factors depends person age general health lifestyle person emphysema affected thermal inversion healthy conditioned athlete factors difficult determine effects pollution large population full extent health threat known decisions solve obvious problems say positively air pollution lung cancer air pollution affect person physical health examine approaches communities deal pollution control wondered happens wastewater home wastewater sink flush water toilet goes water goes common form water pollution united states consists system sewers wastewater treatment plants
public health includes local national agencies serve protect health local health department helps promote protect health community local health department known board health promotes protects health offering special services services fall main areas medical care environmental concerns general management functions medical care preventive services protect disease illness local health departments provide immunization programs children adults offer advice counseling nutrition dental care health areas conduct tests illnesses diabetes cancer heart disease ways medical care protects disease illness medical care curative treat disease illness occurs harm happen local health department send visiting nurse home help sick family member nurse works local health department called public health nurse local health department responsible environmental concerns works promote improve methods pollution control wondered answers questions makes sure water drink safe regulates disposal methods sewage garbage solid wastes checks air breathe inspects handling processing delivery food eat
federal health agency agency federal government concerned protection nation health major federal health agency department health human services secretary member president cabinet purpose administer agencies government dealing health social services subunit called united states public health service united states public health service responsibilities areas concerned nation health disease control nutrition service headed medical doctor known surgeon general united states public health service parts part national institute health nih nih conducts research programs help increase knowledge handle major health problems nih prints health information schools communities health service mental health administration organization works improve existing health services country duty award financial grants cities states build medical buildings part public health service food drug administration fda fda enforces laws protect public unsafe practices dealing food drugs cosmetics fda requires labels drugs truthful informative cosmetics checked harmful substances drug introduced fda requires pass rigid tests safety effectiveness
headline newspaper read insects winning food war humans headline says happen living things depend competition living things need oxygen living things water living things kind food energy living things insects direct competition humans insects running oxygen water eat food supply starve death die food eaten insects insects multiply controlled die insects multiply starve find hard believe learning activity unit study samples kinds wheat kind eaten beetles kind protected beetles data collect find insects affect food supply humans idea food insects destroy learning activity unit balance hand lens skill builder measuring balance skill builder seeing hand lens
thousands things need want things short house lived torn automobiles wear replaced magazine read month newspaper thrown paper bag hour toothpick minutes sooner later things junk garbage litter waste materials problem begin think kind waste tires million tires worn suppose tires piled line united states wall wider sidewalk higher room add worn materials pile think big waste put places put takes space country running space put waste finally bury waste learning unit need special skills skill builder making bar graph skill builder metric linear measurement skill builder working data table start investigations teacher checked skills skill builder checklist
guppies found mainly rivers brazil water temperatures seldom temperature range comfortable humans wonder guppies aquarium pets guppy showed animals react temperature guppy moved uncomfortable area comfortable animals think animals move distances moving distances called migration word remind animals animals react temperature changing insulation cold layer fat skin thicker fur hair grows thicker longer weather warms animals slim shed response temperature called hibernation animals hibernate find safe snug place snooze cold weather heard bears hibernate turtles animals hamsters gophers snakes bees fish hibernate weather cold think animals pets react temperature temperatures classroom home environment environment need think addition temperature
suppose gang going fishing ready leave minutes job dig worms gang start digging find worms digging places worms live dig place investigation learn important thing worms live information worm hunter help decide dig earthworms information need set environments worms let worms choose environment set box dividers shown push dividers cm bottom environment earthworms section box environment sand put ml sand end section box environment mixture sand peat peat material formed partly decayed plants mix ml sand ml peat newspaper put mixture middle section box environment mixture sand peat compost compost plant animal materials started decay recently mix ml sand ml peat ml dry compost newspaper
suppose spacecraft traveling stars spacecraft environment need stay alive added spacecraft environment spacecraft changing spacecraft changing environment oxygen environment breathe add carbon dioxide water vapor environment breathe meal eat makes food supply smaller drink water makes supply fresh water smaller movement clothing wear worn clothing slowly dust environment important depends keeping controlled balanced don need spacecraft small closed environment test tube learning activity unit study environments living things affected environments environments changed living things true plants animals help stay alive find investigation plants animals gases air give gases air gases air carbon dioxide carbon dioxide important plants animals investigation test carbon dioxide green plant guppy affect carbon dioxide environment
heard news reports oil polluting oceans kind pollution happens accidents oil spilled dumped ships sea oil leaks oil wells drilled ocean floor oil mix water floats surface thin layer oil harmful reaches shore ruin beaches worse kill plants animals underwater animals need oxygen oxygen water oxygen air dissolves water oil water oxygen air shut underwater animals die investigation oil works killer find happens brine shrimp living water layer oil put test tubes test tube rack label masking tape find place pan brine shrimp shrimp thick remove ml brine shrimp water place piston empty piston test tube remove ml brine shrimp water place pan put sample test tube number shrimp test tubes check quickly hold piece black paper tubes help shrimp easily
scientists important principle piecing earth history principle rule law apply principle investigation stack books represent layers rock learn tell layer oldest youngest finally discover problems scientists face studying earth history put small piece masking tape binding books label books label books label books give numbers remaining books book represents layer rocks earth pretend earth history twelve layers think rock layers twelve chapters earth history book want find layer chapter oldest stack books order sure labels facing book put book stack book stack pretend books rock layers layer formed layer formed layer oldest step saw principle scientists studying layers rock principle called superposition states stack rock layers older layer younger layer
investigation learned fossils helpful studying earth history fossils formed find making model fossil find happens fossils goes fossils shellfish reasons shellfish live oceans rock layers formed shellfish die chance buried quickly think shellfish fossils fish fossils hint part animal slowest decay suppose conditions fossil form met fossil actually formed able understand process making model fossil need small object key coin fossil lay paper towel desk flatten lump modeling clay towel clay cm thick represents ocean bottom place object clay press bury buried objects forever goes original material dissolves disappears leaves hole object buried hole called mold shape object carefully remove object clay examine mold
investigation learned erosion caused wind water erosion taking place matter live river ocean living high place erosion stop erosion taking place slowed investigation fill straight end aluminum pan soil soil wet dry pile soil cm deep cover pan side side extend cm smooth top soil hand set pan shown page don forget bucket pouring end pan half fill water supplier water sprinkler side water supplier investigation mark toothpicks cm end draw line toothpicks point push toothpicks soil mark soil surface arrange toothpicks shown sprinkle soil water water supplier empty half fill sprinkle soil water look closely toothpicks soil eroded caused erosion record data table amount soil eroded toothpick
investigation learned air mixture gases gases small particles particles air moving move directions particles move faster times fast moving particle exerts force slow moving particle particles air move faster speed particles move affect air pressure questions try answer investigation small test tube balloon examine think test tube balloon empty air stretch neck balloon open end test tube place candle candle stand light candle caution careful working fire wear safety goggles test tube holder hold test tube flame shown move test tube flame place gently heat end sides test tube observe balloon describe happens balloon heat test tube stand test tube baby food jar let cool happens balloon try explain observations remember test tube balloon contained air started add air heating test tube remove air cooling test tube
watch tv certainly seen weather report report prepared meteorologist realize predicting weather meteorologist weather instruments detailed records data gathered instruments finally data interpreted forecast learning activity unit weather instruments instruments measure air pressure humidity wind speed determine wind direction temperature weather watch days learning activity unit measure ruler thermometer graphing data skill builder metric linear measurement skill builder celsius thermometer skill builder making line graph start investigations teacher checked skills skill builder checklist barometer important weather instrument measure air pressure change air pressure means change weather investigation simple barometer barometer meteorologists measure air pressure able tell air pressure changing able tell air pressure changing
summer august temperature risen hot sticky uncomfortable don want move muscle look thermometer reads don feel uncomfortable fact re ready action answer amount moisture air call humidity meteorologists call relative humidity relative humidity amount moisture air compared amount moisture air hold temperature relative humidity high feel hot sticky low feel comfortable cool investigation hygrometer hygrometer instrument measures relative humidity thermometers wet bulb thermometer dry bulb thermometer hygrometer carry weather watch investigation fill baby food jar water stand jar ledge chalkboard room open end flat shoestring slip shoestring bulb thermometer bulb completely covered hold thermometer chalkboard baby food jar able put free end shoestring water thermometer height tape chalkboard thermometer wet bulb thermometer
look deep evening sky wonder stars lies stars wondered heavens early understand nature stars sun moon change shape understand flashing meteors eclipses blotted sun lack understanding led fear fact early worshiped heavenly bodies afraid passed started ideas heavens fear understanding late mid believed earth center universe thought sun planets stars moved earth today true earth tiny speck huge universe universe reaches deeper deeper space end let earth study outer space answer lies nature human mind heavens ask questions look answers found answers questions answered learn heavens understand earth place universe study heavenly bodies called astronomy
american astronauts walked moon telescopes gave idea moon surface looks planet saturn eyes rings telescope shows rings clearly jupiter visible naked eye moons low power telescope moons high power telescope find question tool astronomy telescope telescope let find main types telescope optical telescope radio telescope optical telescope instrument gathers magnifies light faraway places makes distant objects larger closer kinds optical telescope refracting telescope reflecting telescope refracting telescope lenses gather light reflecting telescope mirrors radio telescope gather light radio telescope gathers invisible radio energy objects deep space signals give clues location makeup objects optical telescope invented dutch lens maker named hans lippershey strange refused patent italian astronomer named galileo practical lippershey invention galileo telescope crude low powered
sun star question think sun star say star mean stars sun sun million kilometers million miles think need americas laid end end equal distance compared distance closest star distance stars don measure distances kilometers miles number meaning star distance measured special unit called light light light distance light travels let means light travels kilometers miles seconds multiply seconds speed light find light travels nearly trillion kilometers trillion miles light trillion kilometers wow equal billion americas laid end end closest star sun light kilometers miles think stars millions hundreds millions light fact stars distant galaxies star systems believed billion light
moon give light moon light sun light reflects earth moon revolves earth moon move earth shadow moon moves earth shadow lunar eclipse lunar eclipse sunlight reaches moon moon dim ask moon receive sunlight hidden earth shadow answer earth air bends sun light moon moon eclipsed completely blacked looks dull red lunar eclipse lasts longer solar eclipse earth shadow wide moon passes moon takes pass start finish lunar eclipse lasts hours longer astronomers study moon eclipse lunar eclipse seen areas earth solar eclipse shadow solar eclipse narrow strip seen small part earth lunar eclipse lunar eclipse entire moon shadow seen part earth night eclipse
spent shore ocean water stay level times water higher times water level rises falls regular periods call regular rise fall ocean water tides high tides low tides look figure facing page shows coastline low tide figure shows coastline high tide hours later notice difference water level tides change suddenly high tide moves slowly water reaches highest point moves slowly low tide follows high tide seashores tides high tides low tides change tide takes hours minutes tides tides caused pull gravity moon sun moon important closer earth moon pulls earth greater force sun moon pulls earth land water pull effect land rock move easily water water moves easily flows pull bulges water part earth facing moon part earth high tide high tide opposite side earth side facing moon
sleep dark wake morning light hours pass change night night night caused earth rotation earth rotates half faces sun half facing sun opposite side side facing sun night earth rotates parts face sun places night slowly turn complete rotation earth takes hours places change night night takes hours hours night depends things equator place earth axis vertical straight parts earth hours hours night round earth axis vertical earth axis tilted degrees earth moves sun tilt earth change earth position compared sun earth tilted northern portion earth facing sun makes days longer nights northern hemisphere earth moves side sun southern portion earth facing sun
blow balloon let suddenly happened flew air zigzagged bit generally flew direction opposite mouthpiece balloon acted small rocket moved forward air escaping mouthpiece huge rockets lifted astronauts space smaller rockets satellites orbit earth large small rockets idea balloon rocket idea remember sir isaac newton course explained gravity inertia newton helped explain rocket moves explained newton law motion law says force acting object direction equally strong force acting opposite direction force called action opposite force called reaction scientific newton law motion action equal reaction opposite direction rocket action pushes downward force comes fuel burning rocket engines seen films flames shooting downward blastoff hot gases move downward rocket moves upward sky balloon move rocket figures show blown balloons mouthpiece balloon figure closed mouthpiece balloon figure opened
higher object earth earth gravity pulls spacecraft reach moon escape earth gravity mean earth gravity pull spacecraft means earth gravity strong pull spacecraft earth speed needed spacecraft escape earth gravity kilometers miles hour speed called escape velocity spacecraft traveling escape velocity move ellipse travels curve called parabola parabola shaped wide letter parabola looks notice legs moving farther meet spacecraft moving escape velocity keeps moving space speed changed captured sun gravity spacecraft satellite sun orbits sun planets reach moon spacecraft slowed slowing spacecraft direction small spacecraft fired exact number seconds slows spacecraft bull eye moon computer figures fire spacecraft comes moon correct speed angle orbit moon spacecraft slowed land moon
surrounds organism called environment air water parts environment temperature air pressure food environment suited air breathe food eat water drink air pressure places temperature hot cold atmosphere blocks harmful radiation short live friendly environment environment space friendly humans presents problems live space live earth air breathe air pressure temperature hot cold food grows space block harmful radiation problems living things produce wastes wastes eliminated earth problem eliminating wastes breathe release carbon dioxide air heat moisture skin goes air water flush liquid solid wastes produce space getting rid wastes easy fact keeping clean problem earth gravity holds ground moving spacecraft gravity actually gravity outer space pull spacecraft movement spacecraft cancels result gravity gravity person weigh
times stretched rubber band bounced ball pulled spring hit baseball ways activities involve forces forces thought pushes pulls pushes pulls applied objects push baseball bat hits force baseball pushes bat bat baseball forces acting hands feel push bat bat hits baseball feel force balls springs rubber bands return original shape experiencing force force called elastic force learning activity unit study elastic forces rubber bands springs balls investigate elastic forces feel force tell causing force explain direction force pushing pulling show force stronger force investigation help find answers questions direction strength force shown drawing vectors investigation rubber bands feel forces draw vectors explain forces feel check correct hanging weights rubber bands measuring stretch
worked steel springs measured stretch hang sinkers washers chance springs copper wire stretched copper springs ruined ruined measured stretched asked examine data springs springs stretched amount added sinker washer springs stretch amount information predict happen added sinkers washers investigation closer look data collected investigations learn analyze data spring stretches obeys rule law exactly scientist skill builder making line graph start investigation teacher checked skill skill builder checklist scientists want look closely data line graph going examine data sinker data table investigation added sinker spring stretched line graph axis show sinker stretched axis show sinkers caused stretch
investigating elastic forces stretching rubber bands springs rubber bands springs examples elastic forces familiar bouncing ball balls soft sponge rubber balls hard baseballs golf balls hard soft balls change shape happens hit hit return original shape investigation study kinds balls bounce bounce tell elastic forces skill builder making bar graph skill builder finding average start investigation teacher checked skills skill builder checklist investigation need partner help collect data tape metric tape measure edge table desk sure mark rests floor going drop ball known height measure high ball bounces find harder sounds measurement hard scientists measurement number times find average measurements going pick balls drop alongside tape measure top table
iron filings map magnetic fields magnets shapes magnetic fields poles magnet look iron filings bunch pole poles act differently saw magnetic pole brought close poles act differently magnetic fields direction direction magnetic field poles investigation study direction magnetic field compass drawings direction magnetic fields magnets large bar magnet compass place large bar magnet sheet paper diagram examine compass ends compass needle compass needle magnet ends compass needle north seeking pole find north seeking pole compass needle place compass end bar magnet marked north seeking pole compass needle repelled end magnet points magnet find direction magnetic line force traced compass compass moved direction north seeking pole needle points magnetic line force middle end bar magnet
walked rug felt electrical shock touched noticed pieces clothing stick notice crackling noise clothes pulled rubbed balloon clothing stick wall things examples static electricity static electricity caused electrical charges objects give object electrical charge rubbing materials force electrical charges force acts distance investigation study force electrical charges forces electrical charges called electrostatic forces balloons study electrostatic forces blow balloon cm tie knot balloon stays inflated piece wool rub balloon hard rub balloon put balloon chest let describe happens piece wool rub balloon place balloon wall let describe happens rub balloon wool put electrical charge balloon wool puts negative charge balloon suppose put negative charge objects attracted test prediction blow balloons sure size balloon
forces push pull object forces pushing pulling balanced forces forces acting opposite direction object move equal forces act opposite directions forces move object matter hard forces push pull object object moves object move forces acting balanced object moves force object force ball throw walk flight stairs moved higher position wind sailboat force wind moves sailboat water force motion force learning activity unit study force start investigating forces motion observe forces learn think scientist pushed toy car truck rolled floor push force toy car roll push caused motion real car moves tires push road turn
energy created destroyed transferred object changed form suppose ball rolled ball energy motion transferred ball ball starts roll motion energy transferred ball similar happens piece wood burned chemical energy stored wood changed form energy investigation study energy transferred object observe form energy changed form energy blow balloon cm energy blow balloon kind energy balloon blown let blown balloon record happens kind energy change took place let balloon place pegboard stands tables desks cm desks mount pegboard hook upper left hand corner pegboard stand place pegboard hook upper hand corner stand tie end length nylon thread pegboard hook tie end thread pegboard hook move pegboard stands string stretched tight put books pegboard stands stands moving
sun shines earth radiant energy heat light radiant energy energy sun makes earth heat energy feel feel object received heat energy warmer feel object lost heat energy object colder sun shines feel warm receiving energy sun sun passes clouds suddenly feel cooler receiving energy sun trying feel hot cold things easy hard tell object received heat energy received small amount heat energy temperature object measure heat energy kinds instruments measuring temperature common instrument liquid glass thermometer thermometer works liquid inside glass tube rises falls thermometer bulb receives heat loses heat height liquid tube measure temperature thermometer bulb learning activity unit liquid glass thermometers study heat energy happens heat energy mix hot cold water happens transfer heat energy object
saw happens heat energy removed substance temperature substance goes heat energy added substance temperature substance goes wondered true adding heat energy substance temperature rise answer true temperature change happen heat energy kind change energy destroyed skill builder measuring balance skill builder measuring graduate start investigation teacher checked skills skill builder checklist happens heat energy added ice temperature ice change put ice cubes styrofoam cup fill crushed ice place bulb celsius thermometer ice hold minute record temperature ice hold ice hand hand supply heat energy ice hold ice minute thermometer measure temperature ice holding record temperature ice temperature ice change temperature ice change happened heat energy noticed heat energy caused change caused ice melt
scarlett beautiful seldom realized caught charm twins face sharply blended delicate features mother coast aristocrat french descent heavy florid irish father arresting face pointed chin square jaw eyes pale green touch hazel starred bristly black lashes slightly tilted ends thick black brows slanted upward cutting startling oblique line magnolia white skin skin prized southern women carefully guarded bonnets veils mittens hot georgia suns seated stuart brent cool shade porch tara father plantation bright april afternoon pretty picture green flowered muslin dress spread twelve yards billowing material hoops exactly matched flat heeled green morocco slippers father recently brought atlanta dress set perfection seventeen inch waist smallest counties tightly fitting basque showed breasts matured sixteen modesty spreading skirts hair netted smoothly quietness small white hands folded lap true poorly concealed green eyes carefully sweet face turbulent willful lusty distinctly variance demeanor
drawn places backgrounds gave county informality ellen informality accustomed instinctively knew coast act circumstance telling north georgians quickening affairs section high tide prosperity rolling south crying cotton land county unworn fertile produced abundantly cotton heartbeat section planting picking diastole systole red earth wealth curving furrows arrogance arrogance built green bushes acres fleecy white cotton rich generation richer certainty morrow gave zest enthusiasm county enjoyed ellen understand money slaves give play liked play busy drop fish fry hunt horse race scarcely week barbecue ball ellen left savannah respected learned admire frankness valued
arbor sat married women dark dresses notes surrounding color gaiety matrons regardless ages grouped bright eyed girls laughter married belles south grandma fontaine belching frankly privilege age seventeen alice struggling nausea pregnancy heads endless obstetrical discussions gatherings pleasant instructive affairs casting contemptuous glances scarlett thought looked clump fat crows married women fun occur married ashley automatically relegated front parlors staid matrons dull silks staid dull part fun frolicking girls imagination carried altar unhappy pursue abstraction dropped eyes plate nibbled daintily beaten biscuit elegance utter lack appetite won mammy approval miserable understand plans night failed utterly ashley concerned attracted dozens ashley fears yesterday afternoon sweeping making heart beat fast slow color flame whiten cheeks
wanted wrote impassioned letters wife read letter writing box brother written sister affectionate humorous discursive letters lover scarlett received ardent love letters recognize authentic note passion saw note missing secret readings feeling smug satisfaction enveloped felt ashley loved wondered melanie realize ashley loved friend melanie evidently found lacking husband messages melanie love letters compare ashley writes crazy letters scarlett thought husband mine wrote certainly hear charlie wrote letters flipped edges letters looking dates remembering contents fine descriptive passages charges darcy meade wrote parents poor dallas written maid sisters misses faith hope meades proudly read letters neighborhood scarlett frequently felt secret shame melanie letters ashley read aloud sewing circles
army driven virginia winter quarters rapidan tired depleted army defeat gettysburg christmas season approached ashley home furlough scarlett seeing frightened violence feelings stood parlor twelve oaks seen married melanie thought love heartbreaking intensity moment knew feelings past night spoiled child thwarted toy emotions sharpened dreams heightened repression forced put tongue ashley wilkes faded patched uniform blond hair bleached tow summer suns easy going drowsy eyed boy loved desperation war thousand times thrilling bronzed lean fair slender golden mustache drooping mouth cavalry style touch needed perfect picture soldier stood military straightness uniform pistol worn holster battered scabbard smartly slapping high boots tarnished spurs dully gleaming major ashley wilkes habit command sat quiet air reliance authority grim lines beginning emerge mouth
war began atlanta hear sound battle early morning hours noises town awoke cannon mountain heard faintly low dim booming passed summer thunder occasionally loud heard rattle traffic noon tried listen tried talk laugh carry business yankees twenty miles matter occupied hands listening listening hearts leaping suddenly hundred times booming louder think louder general johnston hold panic lay beneath surface nerves stretched tighter tighter retreat began reach breaking point spoke fears subject taboo strained nerves found expression loud general public feeling fever heat sherman doors atlanta retreat bring confederates town give general won retreat give stand fight rumbling cannon ears militia joe brown pets home guard marched atlanta defend bridges ferries chattahoochee river johnston
morning scarlett body stiff sore miles walking jolting wagon movement agony face crimson sunburn blistered palms raw tongue throat parched flames scorched amount water assuage thirst head felt swollen winced turned eyes stomach reminiscent early days pregnancy smoking yams breakfast table unendurable smell gerald told suffering normal aftermath experience hard drinking gerald noticed sat head table gray absent faded eyes fastened door head cocked slightly hear rustle ellen petticoats smell lemon scarlett sat mumbled wait mrs late raised aching head looked startled incredulity met pleading eyes mammy stood gerald chair rose unsteadily hand throat looked father morning sunlight peered vaguely saw hands shaking head trembled moment realized counted gerald command tell night
sherman marching georgia atlanta sea lay smoking ruins atlanta torch set blue army tramped lay hundred miles territory virtually undefended save militia young boys home guard lay fertile dotted plantations sheltering women children negroes swath eighty miles wide yankees looting burning hundreds homes flames hundreds homes resounding footsteps scarlett watching pour front hall country wide affair entirely personal malicious action aimed directly stood foot stairs baby arms wade pressed tightly head hidden skirts yankees swarmed house pushing roughly past stairs dragging furniture front porch running bayonets knives upholstery digging inside concealed valuables upstairs ripping open mattresses feather beds air hall thick feathers floated softly head impotent rage quelled fear left heart stood helpless plundered stole ruined sergeant charge bow grizzled large wad tobacco cheek
cold january afternoon scarlett sat office writing letter aunt pitty explaining detail tenth melanie ashley atlanta live wrote impatiently knew aunt pitty read farther opening lines write wailing afraid live hands chilled paused rub feet deeper strip quilting wrapped soles slippers practically reinforced pieces carpet carpet feet floor warm morning horse shod scarlett thought grimly things pretty pass horses shoes feet bare yard dogs picked quill resume writing laid heard coming door heard thump thump wooden leg hall office stopped waited moment enter move called ears red cold pinkish hair awry stood looking faintly humorous smile lips miss scarlett questioned cash money
don let begin calling names call match think forget keeping miss dear soul tells knows sympathetic listener ashley tara home rock island put wife strain ashley yes waving hand negligently ashley sublime earthy comprehension don forget interested witness tender scene twelve oaks tells changed didn cut sublime figure remember rightly don think figure cuts family find stop living tara course whim mine don intend lend cent tara help support unpleasant permit women support dare say things working field hand rage heart wrung memory ashley splitting fence rails worth weight gold dare say hand manure
atlanta woman expired rage listen bigoted ignorance scarlett managed control assisting fact aroused contempt anger yankees expected yankees unthinking insults morals glanced struck deep concealed sneer incident occurred sick rage showed needed showing wide gap north south utterly impossible bridge driving home uncle peter afternoon passed house crowded families officers building homes scarlett lumber wives standing walk drove waved stop coming carriage block greeted accents feel forgive yankees voices person want mrs kennedy tall thin woman maine want information town scarlett swallowed insult atlanta contempt deserved smiled tell nurse bridget north wouldn stay calls
sound wheels hooves died scarlett ellen office removed gleaming object hidden night yellowed papers pigeonholes secretary hearing pork sniffling dining room laying table dinner called black face forlorn lost hound pork sternly cry cry stop yas ah try ev ah try ah thinks mist gerald don think stand tears broke gently don stand loved blow nose pork present interest flickered pork eyes blew nose loudly politeness interest remember night shot robbing hen house gawd miss scarlett ah don lie late date remember going give watch faithful yas ah members ah figgered didn forget held massive gold watch heavily embossed dangled chain seals fo gawd miss scarlett cried pork dat mist gerald watch
stood bowed door mockery saw coatless cravat hung side open collar shirt open thick mat black hair chest hair rumpled eyes bloodshot narrow candle burned table tiny spark light threw monstrous shadows high room massive buffet look crouching beasts table silver tray stood decanter cut glass stopper surrounded glasses sit curtly room kind fear crept fear alarm facing small looked talked acted stranger ill mannered rhett seen intimate moments nonchalant anger suave satirical whisky served intensify qualities annoyed tried break nonchalance soon accept convenient thing thought mattered thought including ironic joke faced table knew sinking feeling stomach
illness scarlett noticed change rhett altogether liked sober quiet preoccupied home supper kinder servants affectionate wade ella referred past pleasant silently dare bring subjects scarlett held peace easier let smoothly surface impersonal courtesy begun convalescence continued fling softly drawled barbs sting sarcasm realized infuriated malicious comments roused heated rejoinders cared wondered cared polite disinterested missed interest perverse missed days bickering retort pleasant stranger eyes bonnie swift flood diverted narrow channel scarlett thought rhett half attention tenderness lavished bonnie hard smile captain butler child
took handkerchief blew nose sat obvious going arms beginning obvious talk loving meant tale past looking happened frightening looked kindly speculation eyes dear tell twenty answered dully muffled handkerchief vast age young age gained lost soul don look frightened referring hell fire affair ashley merely speaking metaphorically known wanted things ashley rich tell hell rich spoken sharply ashley want frightened thought hell fire thinking rhett soul losing lose matters friends money wouldn mind poor wouldn mind cold hungry mean
times worst times age wisdom age foolishness epoch belief epoch incredulity season light season darkness spring hope winter despair going direct heaven going direct short period present period authorities insisted received evil superlative degree comparison king large jaw queen plain face throne england king large jaw queen fair face throne france countries clearer crystal lords preserves loaves fishes things general settled lord thousand hundred seventy spiritual revelations conceded england favoured period mrs recently attained twentieth blessed birthday prophetic private guards heralded sublime appearance announcing arrangements swallowing london westminster cock lane ghost laid round dozen rapping messages spirits past supernaturally deficient originality rapped
declined afternoon air intervals clear allow french coast seen charged mist vapour lorry thoughts cloud dark sat coffee room fire awaiting dinner awaited breakfast mind busily digging digging digging live red coals bottle claret dinner digger red coals harm tendency throw lorry idle poured glassful wine complete appearance satisfaction found elderly gentleman fresh complexion end bottle rattling wheels narrow street rumbled inn yard set glass untouched mam minutes waiter announce miss arrived london happy gentleman soon miss refreshment road required extremely anxious gentleman immediately suited pleasure convenience gentleman left empty glass air stolid desperation settle odd flaxen wig ears follow waiter miss apartment
keeper wine shop stopped strike wall hand mutter tremendous curse direct answer half forcible lorry spirits grew heavier heavier companions ascended higher higher staircase accessories older crowded parts paris bad vile unaccustomed senses habitation foul nest high building say room rooms door opened general staircase left heap refuse landing flinging refuse windows uncontrollable hopeless mass decomposition polluted air poverty deprivation loaded intangible impurities bad sources combined insupportable atmosphere steep dark shaft dirt poison lay yielding disturbance mind young companion agitation greater instant jarvis lorry stopped rest stoppages doleful grating languishing airs left uncorrupted escape spoilt sickly vapours crawl rusted bars tastes glimpses caught jumbled neighbourhood range nearer lower summits towers notre dame promise healthy wholesome aspirations
clearly incumbent say lorry interested object squeezing think present business quoth lorry counsel learned law shouldered group previously shouldered appeal doctor break conference order homes miss looks ill terrible worn speak lorry night speak speak answered lorry miss miss think speak asked question pointedly glance father face frozen curious look intent look deepening frown dislike distrust unmixed fear strange expression thoughts wandered father softly laying hand slowly shook shadow turned home father breath answered yes friends acquitted prisoner dispersed impression originated released night
lorry knew miss pross jealous knew beneath surface eccentricity unselfish creatures found women pure love admiration bind willing slaves youth lost beauty accomplishments fortunate gain bright hopes shone sombre lives knew faithful service heart rendered free mercenary taint exalted respect retributive arrangements mind arrangements stationed miss pross nearer lower angels ladies immeasurably nature art balances worthy ladybird miss pross brother solomon mistake lorry inquiries miss pross personal history established fact brother solomon heartless scoundrel stripped possessed stake speculate abandoned poverty touch miss pross fidelity belief solomon deducting mere trifle slight mistake matter lorry weight opinion
beautiful landscape corn bright abundant patches poor rye corn patches poor peas beans patches coarse vegetable substitutes wheat inanimate nature women cultivated prevalent tendency appearance unwillingly dejected disposition give wither monsieur marquis travelling carriage lighter conducted post horses fagged steep hill blush countenance monsieur marquis impeachment high breeding occasioned external circumstance control setting sun sunset struck brilliantly travelling carriage gained hill top occupant steeped crimson die monsieur marquis glancing hands directly effect sun low dipped moment heavy drag adjusted wheel carriage slid hill smell cloud dust red glow departed quickly sun marquis going glow left drag remained broken country bold open village bottom hill broad sweep rise church tower windmill forest chase crag fortress prison
tore pieces scattered wide enjoyment tradesmen hurriedly shut shops crowd times stopped monster dreaded length opening hearse coffin brighter genius proposed escorted destination amidst general rejoicing practical suggestions needed suggestion received acclamation coach immediately filled inside dozen roof hearse exercise ingenuity stick volunteers jerry modestly concealed spiky head observation corner mourning coach undertakers protest ceremonies river alarmingly voices remarking efficacy cold immersion bringing refractory members profession reason protest faint procession started chimney sweep driving hearse advised regular driver perched close inspection purpose attended cabinet minister driving mourning coach bear leader popular street character impressed additional ornament cavalcade strand bear black mangy gave undertaking air part procession walked
sunday roads enchanted find madame accompany monsieur versailles additionally disconcerting madame knitting public conveyance additionally disconcerting madame crowd afternoon knitting hands crowd waited carriage king queen hard madame yes answered madame deal madame things instance instance returned madame composedly shrouds moved soon roads fanned blue cap feeling mightily close oppressive needed king queen restore fortunate remedy hand soon large faced king fair faced queen golden coach attended shining bull eye court glittering multitude laughing ladies fine lords jewels silks powder splendour elegantly spurning figures handsomely disdainful faces sexes roads bathed temporary intoxicating cried live king live queen live heard ubiquitous jacques gardens court yards terraces fountains green banks king queen bull eye lords ladies live absolutely wept sentiment
strange thrill heard deepened dwelt shock manner reference contrast present cheerfulness felicity dire endurance looked speculating thousands times unborn child rent alive born alive poor mother shock killed son avenge father imprisonment desire vengeance unbearable son father story live weigh possibility father disappeared act daughter grow woman drew closer kissed cheek hand pictured daughter perfectly forgetful altogether ignorant unconscious cast age seen married knew fate altogether perished remembrance living generation place blank father hear thoughts daughter existed strikes heart child
risings fire risings sea firm earth shaken rushes angry ocean ebb flow higher higher terror wonder beholders shore tempest consumed birthdays woven golden thread peaceful tissue home night inmates listened echoes corner hearts failed heard thronging feet footsteps minds footsteps tumultuous red flag country declared danger changed wild beasts terrible enchantment persisted monseigneur class dissociated phenomenon appreciated wanted france incur considerable danger receiving dismissal fabled rustic raised devil infinite pains terrified sight ask enemy question immediately fled monseigneur boldly reading lord prayer backwards number performing potent spells compelling evil sooner beheld terrors took noble heels shining bull eye court mark hurricane national bullets
fared slowly fared paris england autumn thousand hundred ninety bad roads bad bad horses encountered delay fallen unfortunate king france throne glory changed times fraught obstacles town gate village taxing house band citizen patriots national muskets explosive readiness stopped cross questioned inspected papers looked names lists turned stopped laid hold capricious judgment fancy deemed dawning republic indivisible liberty equality fraternity death french leagues journey accomplished charles began perceive country roads hope return declared citizen paris befall journey end mean village closed common barrier dropped road knew iron door series barred england universal watchfulness encompassed net forwarded destination cage felt freedom completely
looked throng women number fill court yard forty fifty possession house let gate rushed grindstone evidently set purpose convenient retired spot awful workers awful grindstone double handle turning madly faces hair flapped grindstone brought faces horrible cruel wildest savages barbarous disguise false eyebrows false moustaches stuck hideous countenances bloody sweaty awry howling staring glaring beastly excitement want sleep ruffians turned turned matted locks flung forward eyes flung backward necks women held wine mouths drink dropping blood dropping wine stream sparks struck stone wicked atmosphere gore fire eye detect creature group free smear blood shouldering sharpening stone stripped waist stain limbs bodies sorts rags stain rags devilishly set spoils women lace silk ribbon stain dyeing trifles
lost utterly lost clearly hope reason try restore agreement put hand shoulder soothed sit fire promise presently sank chair brooded embers shed tears happened garret momentary fancy dream lorry saw shrink exact figure keeping affected impressed terror spectacle ruin yield emotions lonely daughter bereft final hope reliance appealed strongly agreement looked meaning faces carton speak chance yes moment steadily attend don ask stipulations going exact promise going exact reason doubt answered lorry say figure chair monotonously rocking fro moaning spoke tone watching sickbed night
juncture fifty awaited fate madame held darkly ominous council vengeance jacques revolutionary jury wine shop madame confer ministers shed wood sawyer roads sawyer participate conference distance outer satellite speak required offer opinion invited jacques undoubtedly republican eh voluble vengeance protested shrill notes france peace vengeance madame laying hand slight frown lieutenant lips hear speak husband fellow citizen republican bold deserved republic possesses confidence husband weaknesses weak doctor pity croaked jacques dubiously shaking head cruel fingers hungry mouth citizen thing regret madame care doctor wear head lose interest exterminated wife child follow husband father
city night face beheld added looked sublime prophetic remarkable sufferers axe woman asked foot scaffold allowed write thoughts inspiring utterance prophetic vengeance judge ranks oppressors risen destruction retributive instrument cease present beautiful city brilliant rising abyss struggles truly free triumphs defeats evil previous natural birth gradually making expiation wearing lives lay peaceful prosperous happy england child bosom bears father aged bent restored faithful healing office peace friend ten enriching passing tranquilly reward hold sanctuary hearts hearts descendants generations
aid care victims injuries sudden illness give aid deal victim physical condition victim emotional accident situation aid includes care needed later medical help delayed urgent care aid threatening situations situations include stopped breathing heart attack stroke heavy bleeding poisoning shock important give mouth mouth breathing bandage mild burn emergency leave broken arm save bleeding death care threatening situations seek help help help give aid leave need urgent care help need hurry victim need medical attention urgent care role prevent injury seek medical help victim calm examine victim carefully check injuries checking medical help arrives found burns careful examination find later minor burns develop blisters need protected bandage wound start bleed checking victim conscious unconscious victim breathing checked stopped breathing
collapses find conscious tap shoulder firmly gently shout ok person conscious respond stopped breathing check problems checking consciousness shake person vigorously chance neck injury unconscious person stopped breathing check breathing unconscious person minutes save breathing stopped moment wait makes recovery likely permanent brain damage occur quickly minutes emergencies fire move victim safe place check consciousness breathing section talking stopped breathing assume learned learn care emergencies step unconscious person airway step tip head open airway check breathing put hand nearer victim feet neck base skull hand forehead gently tip person head chin points straight tip head tongue block airway tip head put ear mouth look chest look listen feel breathing seconds
victim starts breathe watch sure keeps breathing give care prevent shock victim lying comfortable temperature raise feet legs moving legs injury pain raise head shoulders victim trouble breathing head injury put head pillow bend neck block airway raise head shoulders suspect neck injury call doctor ambulance victim hospital support unit cases person alive mouth mouth breathing start breathing medical treatment mouth mouth breathing needed giving mouth mouth breathing victim recovers medical personnel victim dead seal mouth air leak blow victim mouth jaw injured victim jaws tightly shut open mouth give breath mouth small mouth mouth seal give mouth nose breathing hand positions mouth nose breathing step tip head mouth mouth breathing step hand neck close mouth
probing mouth remove object tip head try give breaths air lungs repeat blows thrusts probing try give breaths repeating sequence breaths blows thrusts probes victim oxygen awhile muscles throat relax methods later probe giving thrusts probe object mouth throat unconscious victim victim mouth mouth breathing blows thrusts vomit roll victim side sweep mouth fingers roll victim continue abdominal thrusts astride victim hips victim easier push straight position position easier small rescuer rescuer moves side victim order give blows probe mouth give breaths method needed especially victim advanced pregnancy chest thrusts chest compression cpr find hand nearer victim feet measure centimeters inches lower tip width fingers put heel hand sternum fingers
person age heart attack frequent victims heart attack persons overweight smoke older persons common signal heart attack uncomfortable pressure squeezing fullness pain center chest pain upper abdomen indigestion pain travel center chest shoulders arms neck jaw signals sweating nausea shortness breath feeling weakness persistent signals heart attack medical care call paramedics rescue squad person hospital think going heart attack help immediately hospital heart lungs air breathed lungs oxygen blood heart circulates blood carrying oxygen brain rest body conditions heart stop beating cardiac arrest include accidents breathing stop heart attacks person stops breathing heart beating case mouth mouth breathing needed heart attack illness injury makes heart stop beating breathing continue case cpr needed cardiopulmonary resuscitation cardio refers heart pulmonary refers lungs
objectives aid wounds stop bleeding protect wound contamination infection give care prevent shock medical help direct pressure elevation stop bleeding wounds direct pressure thick pad cloth press hard pad apply direct pressure bare hand pad elevate wound apply direct pressure pain suspect broken bones direct pressure pressure point tourniquet direct pressure stops circulation wound pressure point direct pressure elevation applicable add pressure point pressure point arm leg wound direct pressure elevation stop bleeding bleeding control gradually release pressure point direct pressure wound bandage place cloths stop bleeding follow steps wound arm leg stop bleeding direct pressure bandage place cloths stop bleeding give care prevent shock medical care wound large deep bleeding heavily remove cloths stop bleeding clean wound finally stopped bleeding start bleed
advice poison center doctor victim conscious decide victim vomit giving water milk drink victim vomit poisons medicine wrong medicine pest poisons include bug rat poison weed killers victim vomit tickle throat finger give syrup ipecac directions container vomiting victim conscious advice poison vomited poisons vomited signs tell vomiting burns lips mouth poisons burn mouth throat drain cleaners toilet cleaners vomited strong alkalis acids breath odor kerosene gasoline petroleum products vomited vomiting vomiting victim unconscious exhausted convulsions sure victim keeps breathing give care prevent shock medical help soon pest poisons bug poison weed killer poison person swallowed absorbed body skin spilled skin clothing dusted misted skin clothing wash immediately ill exposed products medical care call poison center advice
degree burn deep involves surface layers skin degree burn goes deeper skin mild degree burn person light skin pink reddish mild sunburn person dark skin color mild burn show blisters swelling thin degree burn looks degree burn small blisters blisters cover entire burn thin degree burn hurts swells degree burn swelling skin charred burned check hours sure burn thought thin developed signs swelling blistering delayed medical care needed reduce pain degree burn burn need deep burns moderate large amount swelling moderately deep degree burn large blisters skin peels leaving small amount raw red area underneath deep degree burn large blisters skin burned burn open ooze clear body fluids giving wet surface degree burn goes skin involve bone muscle tissue beneath skin
miles south salinas river drops close hillside bank runs deep green water warm slipped twinkling yellow sands sunlight reaching narrow pool side river golden slopes curve strong rocky gabilan mountains valley side water lined trees willows fresh green spring carrying lower leaf debris winter flooding sycamores mottled white recumbent limbs branches arch pool sandy bank trees leaves lie deep crisp lizard makes skittering runs rabbits brush sit sand evening damp flats covered night tracks spread pads dogs ranches split wedge tracks deer drink dark path willows sycamores path beaten hard boys coming ranches swim deep pool beaten hard tramps wearily highway evening jungle water front low horizontal limb giant sycamore ash pile fires limb worn smooth sat
lennie tree brought litter dried leaves twigs threw heap ash pile night dove wings whistled water george walked fire pile lighted dry leaves flame cracked twigs fell george undid bindle brought cans beans stood fire close blaze touching flame beans george lennie watched fire patiently em ketchup george exploded want god mighty live easy job trouble mess end month fifty bucks town want stay cat house night eat place want hotel place order damn thing think damn month gallon whisky set pool room play cards shoot pool lennie knelt looked fire angry george lennie face drawn terror george furiously
bunk house rectangular building inside walls whitewashed floor unpainted walls small square windows fourth solid door wooden latch walls bunks blankets showing burlap ticking bunk nailed apple box opening forward shelves personal belongings occupant bunk shelves loaded articles soap talcum powder razors western magazines ranch love read scoff secretly believe medicines shelves vials combs nails box sides neckties wall black cast iron stove stovepipe going straight ceiling middle room stood big square table littered playing cards grouped boxes players sit ten clock morning sun threw bright dust laden bar side windows beam flies shot rushing stars wooden latch raised door opened tall stoop shouldered dressed blue jeans carried big push broom left hand george george lennie boss night
don fun carlson insisted stinks beat hell tell shoot won candy threw legs bunk scratched white stubble whiskers cheek nervously softly pup bein kind keepin alive carlson look slim bitch litter bet slim give pups raise wouldn slim skinner studying dog calm eyes yeah pup want shake free speech carl candy dog wisht shoot cripple candy looked helplessly slim opinions law maybe hurt suggested don mind takin care carlson shoot wouldn feel put gun pointed toe head wouldn quiver candy looked help face face dark young laboring sloping shoulders bent forward walked heavily heels carried invisible grain bag bunk put hat shelf picked pulp magazine shelf brought light table
yeah whit don clara bucks crack thirty cents shot don crack jokes susy place clean nice chairs don let lennie rollin stake george set shot puttin half guy fun whit door opened lennie carlson lennie crept bunk sat trying attract attention carlson reached bunk brought bag didn look candy faced wall carlson found cleaning rod bag oil laid bed brought pistol took magazine snapped loaded shell chamber fell cleaning barrel rod ejector snapped candy turned looked moment gun turned wall carlson casually curley whit eatin curley carlson squinted barrel gun lookin lady seen going round round whit sarcastically spends half lookin rest lookin curley burst room excitedly
candy joined attack joy glove vaseline disgustedly curley glared eyes slipped past lighted lennie lennie smiling delight memory ranch curley stepped lennie terrier hell lennie looked blankly huh curley rage exploded ya big bastard feet big son bitch gonna laugh show ya lennie looked helplessly george tried retreat curley balanced poised slashed lennie left smashed nose lennie gave cry terror blood welled nose george cried um let george backed wall curley slugging face lennie hands remained sides frightened defend george feet yelling lennie don let lennie covered face huge paws bleated terror cried um stop george curley attacked stomach cut wind slim jumped dirty rat cried um george put hand grabbed slim wait minute shouted cupped hands mouth yelled im lennie lennie took hands face looked george curley slashed eyes
lennie stroked pup gonna place rabbits explained story quickly interrupted met guy pitchers riverside dance palace says gonna put movies says natural soon hollywood gonna write looked closely lennie impressing letter thought ol lady stole wasn gonna stay place couldn stole letters ast stole says married curley met riverside dance palace night demanded listenin sure told maybe don curley nice fella confided moved closer lennie sat coulda movies nice clothes nice clothes wear coulda sat big hotels pitchers took previews coulda spoke radio wouldn ta cost cent pitcher nice clothes wear
sun streaks high wall light growing soft barn curley wife lay half covered hay quiet barn quiet afternoon ranch clang pitched shoes voices game grow quiet air barn dusky advance pigeon flew open hay door circled flew stall shepherd bitch lean heavy hanging halfway packing box puppies caught dead scent curley wife hair arose spine whimpered cringed packing box jumped puppies curley wife lay half covering yellow hay meanness discontent ache attention face pretty simple face sweet young rouged cheeks reddened lips alive sleeping lightly curls tiny sausages spread hay head lips parted happens moment settled hovered remained moment sound stopped movement stopped moment gradually awakened moved sluggishly
deep green pool salinas river late afternoon sun left valley climbing slopes gabilan mountains hilltops rosy sun pool mottled sycamores pleasant shade fallen water snake glided smoothly pool twisting periscope head side side swam length pool legs motionless heron stood shallows silent head beak plucked head beak swallowed snake tail waved frantically rush wind sounded gust drove tops trees wave sycamore leaves turned silver sides brown dry leaves ground scudded feet row row tiny wind waves flowed pool green surface quickly wind died clearing quiet heron stood shallows motionless waiting water snake swam pool turning periscope head side side suddenly lennie appeared brush silently creeping bear moves heron pounded air wings jacked clear water flew river snake slid reeds pool side lennie quietly pool edge
stand seashore watch rise fall waves listen roar ocean gentle rain turns driving storm air grows cold turns icicles lightning brightens sky thunder shakes atmosphere deep red sunset gentle breeze night falls bright stars full moon sky summer goes autumn arrives winter brings shimmering snow bend scoop handful fine sand letting sift fingers turn brown rock white bands farmer picking handful topsoil sailor shooting stars astronomer stands awe watching eclipse earth grows dark noon engineer drills black gold deep earth yes earth full interesting sights familiar sign railroad crossings reads stop look listen scientists change sign read stop look learn scientists planet earth learned sat patiently planned find facts looking carefully information result learned deal learning earth learning environment study environment called naturalists naturalists study living things trees birds mosses animals naturalists study rocks minerals science geology
scientists remember observations remember numbers collect answer problem records course scientists records observe writing observations notebook drawings scientists compare observations scientists addition written notes diagrams modern scientists cameras slow motion photography record observations tape recorders catch sounds environment science student likely notebook learn science class draw add sketch camera want pictures observe keeping records helpful tool learning carpenter eyes level measuring tape help carpenter careful measurements cooks estimate results measure ingredients workers treasure tools scientists treasure instruments help precise measurements measurements mean numbers olympic games speak meter dash seconds record temperature automobile gas tank holds liters gasoline suppose found rock ground examining edges colors
astronaut circling earth spaceship look earth huge ball sphere spinning space top quarter earth surface land masses land form continents quarters earth surface covered water bays seas oceans solid part earth surface called lithosphere water surface called hydrosphere surrounding earth land water blanket air called atmosphere living things spheres earth total living environment makes biosphere live small planet earth planet part solar system star called sun center rest universe billions billions stars planets revolving solar systems laws chemistry physics explain actions stars planets earth forces nature affect layers atmosphere physical chemical earth major forces universe nuclear gravitation weak nuclear electromagnetism forces light heat chemical nuclear energy understanding forces helps scientists explain happenings universe lithosphere found forms
rub fingers top school desk top wooden dresser home smooth surface true body car surface coffeepot minerals rubbing smoothing called abrasives scouring powder kitchen abrasives scouring powders mixtures sand quartz aluminum oxide feel rough fingers rub powder pot dirt comes surface pot clean shiny rough wood surfaces smoother skin rubbed sandpaper emery paper sandpaper coating paper surface glue plastic thousands quartz chips thinly spread glue emery paper mineral corundum look chart page corundum high hardness key diamonds hard scratch corundum heavy grinding cutting industry grinding wheels corundum precious metals gold silver platinum hammered bent shaped beautiful jewelry rings necklaces tie clasps gold silver known platinum discovered south america mistaken silver called spanish silver plata simple sure tests precious metals based characteristic density
holiday mountains means fresh clean air means beautiful sights high cliffs means hike climbing mountains high land reaching sky mountains formed figure looks beginning volcano shows domed mountain formed note mass trapped magma magma trapped break crust lifted crust formed domed mountain common mountains formed mountains called domed mountains adirondacks york black hills south dakota formed magma flows layers sedimentary rock magma formation called sill magma flow vertical pocket magma formation called dike formations top layers sedimentary rock eroded palisades jersey hudson river formed sills look figure easy volcanoes mountains explosive kind volcano makes steep mountain quiet type volcano makes mountain sides slope gently volcanoes rise floor oceans peak volcano rise water solid form island hawaiian islands arose floor pacific ocean
hike place want special kind map want map showed land rises mountains valleys showing distances directions want topographic map directions parallel lines latitude run left show north south point map lines called meridian lines run show east west point map colors blue water marsh brown land black constructed structures buildings bridges roads scales distance map cm stands number kilometers actual land relief elevation land slope shown contour lines look map hike swift valley waterfall page lower corner measurement called scale wanted draw size map hike need sheet paper km impossible solve problem scale case scale cm map equals km land ruler measure distance camp turn find cm
teeth bones shells hard mineral filled parts surprising find remains preserved millions states geologists found bones ancient lizards called dinosaurs colorado utah area called dinosaur national monument dinosaur bones found kansas found remains extinct bird africa china java scientists unearthed skulls jaw bones ancient humans bones generally preserved sandy places deep caves pieces jig saw puzzle scientists put bones teeth missing scientists guesses complete skeleton scientist reconstruct skeleton discovered bones rain dirt road country remains soft muddy truck drives leaving sharp clear imprint tread large tires farmer drives wagon road leaves tracks wagon wheels hooves horse soon farmer boy comes road dog road shows shoe marks prints paws dog sun comes strong hot road baked dry tracks mud hardened prints tell road animals walked soft mud millions ago
signs appeared ocean tiny algae strands green plants seaweed millions later sponges worms appeared creatures grew shells crablike trilobite ruled seas millions passed water creature appeared sharklike fish kinds fishes appeared land giant fernlike trees ancestors modern pines gradually insectlike creatures appeared fly millions later water animals partly adapted living land amphibians animals breathe air live water land reptiles animals live entirely land appeared mighty terrible lizard dinosaur developed took reptiles developed wings took air began fly animals covered fur stable body temperature appeared mammals finally million ago early human beings appeared story missing pages book rocks information give outline story meet monster mass tons rumbles notice giant skull jaws lined teeth cm sharp swords
ago chinese dug black stones earth burned melt copper iron ore navajo indians kind materials fire pottery christ black caspian seas oil seeped ground heating cooking chinese actually drilling earth bamboo piping collect oil black rocks coal course oil petroleum energy treasures earth alive working puzzle simple solve organic matter matter comes living things organic matter carbon element carbon coal petroleum burned fuels burning fuel heat science course learn important heat fuel civilization look geology timetable page era plants began grow land kind plants large fern trees scale trees woody stems trees grew moist ground shallow swamps million ago trees died fell swamps green plants alive absorbed carbon dioxide air photosynthesis food making
situations group accomplish person asked frequently serve member group committee groups part group members group things needs leadership cooperative members think leader planning think leader special characteristics ability listen ideas ability group member feel add group characteristics think leader needs group leader needs helpful members things group member needs ability speak give honest opinion needs willing help ready carry fair share responsibility traits think group member needs learning group takes practice study suggestions page group member tell think suggestion idea voted group willing accept cooperate share carry plans group decided don agree plans ideas offered sure say pleasantly
wonder makes person unfriendly inconsiderate times put wonder thoughtless group friends maybe things understand need reasons behave theories try explain act accepted theories act ways trying satisfy important human needs needs think jot ideas compare list page kinds needs kinds page physical needs met stay alive physical needs met part able person adequate food learn person energy job person needs sleep able consequences occur physical needs met psychological needs affect relationships feelings needs met feel comfortable confidence ahead things
qualities ways behaving feelings face want face things acceptable result credit feelings bill felt hostile peter seeing peter playground bill hit started fight teacher stopped fight accused bill starting bill angrily peter going hit hit peter approached bill friendly manner feel hostile bill completely surprised bill attack bill unfriendly boy felt hostile attributed feelings called projection project feelings want need believe person feelings want trudy jim walking ruth likes trudy want accept real situation jim wanted projection protect respect times project especially don want face thoughts faults directly excessive projection prevents facing problems working solving harms
things dental health choose wisely foods eat especially snacks adequate diet helps build maintain healthy teeth gums important eat sweets eat sweets try brush teeth immediately remove sugar bacteria mouth turn acids attack teeth try avoid eating sweets meals eat sweets meal munch floss teeth brush flossing step removing plaque food teeth especially gum line tooth decay gum disease start areas reach toothbrush brushing teeth remove plaque food outer biting surfaces brush straight handle flat surface soft bristles toothpaste approved fluoride help reduce cavities check toothpaste container seal approval american dental association approved method brushing teeth angle brush gum line short gentle scrubbing motions brush clean surfaces teeth clean inside surfaces front teeth toe front part brush important remove plaque
growth pituitary gland sends hormone regulates growth body cells pituitary endocrine glands glands produce hormones hormones chemical substances regulate processes body directly bloodstream pituitary gland located base brain small gland called master gland directs endocrine glands proper body ready pituitary sends special growth hormone growth processes speed adult size reached pituitary stops making growth hormone person muscular grow wider grow taller nearly grows woman normal size growth hormone produced childhood case person extremely tall rare cases growth hormone produced result person unusually short proportioned adult growth hormone continues produced adulthood person grow tall bones hands feet face increase size young person worried growing person consult doctor find speed slow growth
number skin problems concern young teen chief problems acne problems include warts athlete foot acne common problem young permanent damage cases acne disappears person reaches age twenty acne known acne appears oil glands skin active increased activity occurs teen mean physically mature overactive oil glands send oil surface skin clog oil gland outlets forming whiteheads blackheads blackheads hard plugs dried oil dark color due dirt oil comes contact air skin surface turns dark whiteheads plugs oil lie beneath skin exposed air oil gland outlets plugged swollen infected develop pimples pimples small skin pus pimples infected scratching acne blackheads whiteheads pimples acne occur oil glands includes face neck shoulders acne catching entirely prevented cured proper treatment control lessen acne find helpful suggestions page
reasons young started friends smoke relaxing sophisticated reason young older start smoke influenced skillful advertising image making cigarette ads magazines show attractive interesting settings enjoying pleasure tobacco smoking suggested smoking strong athletic type glamorous women shown smoking sailing fishing cooking campfire appeals smoking suggested ads shown generation ago smoking considered harmless hazards smoking known today risks smoking outweigh reason starting habit law package cigarettes carry warning warning left reading ask questions discuss group person smoke accepted friends decision start smoking affect ability athletics playing musical instrument trumpet flute starting smoke find group find difficult quit pamphlet called cigarette smoking facts lungs information pamphlet published american lung association
exerts effect brain potentially dangerous true alcohol majority healthy drink moderate amounts alcohol major term effects brain parts body heavy drinking period physical damage body heavy alcohol cirrhosis liver incurable disease results hardening liver permanently injures liver cells blood filtered properly hardened liver death result ulcers heart disease heavy term alcohol nervous mental disorders result alcohol addicting drug person develop tolerance increasing amounts needed effects person addicted alcohol withdrawal sickness occurs illness unpleasant dangerous symptoms heavy users alcohol alcohol problems sick hurt pass involved traffic accidents fights violence family quarrels drinking habits drink able cope drinking problem person goes school drunk trouble law influence alcohol likely drinking problem
narcotics legal term variety drugs lawmakers think especially dangerous narcotics include morphine codeine heroin drugs opium artificially produced substance drugs known opiates hard drugs narcotics medical prescribed doctors properly nonprescription drugs morphine codeine doctors produce sleep relieve pain operations illnesses heroin nicknamed smack horse medically united states country illegal narcotics codeine morphine valuable medical doctors carefully supervise drugs doctors prescribe narcotics extreme care soon patients drugs narcotics addiction cure person hooked narcotic difficult impossible treatment cured person remain cured experimenting narcotics likely addiction hazards experiment anyway think stop narcotics wish wrong safely fool narcotics try heroin sniff white heroin powder develop tolerance drug dissolve inject skin skin popping users inject dissolved heroin blood vessel users heroin hooked crave drug
federal local laws exist drugs put market safe effective intended result local federal health agencies employ drug inspectors drug inspectors means help carry drug safety laws research scientists agencies means evaluating safety drugs market drug inspectors individually teams travel area inspect firms produce market drugs look evidence inaccurate product labeling inspectors check evidences contamination caused bacteria chemicals samples drugs collected laboratories testing frequently drug inspectors discuss plant managers conditions need corrected drug inspectors graduated college courses science receive job training surgery today development hundred surgery limited operations short periods operations painful patients stand took known ways relieve pain heavy doses alcoholic beverages drugs opium blotted pain briefly patients screamed agony preferred die operation
advances immunology immunology scientific study body resists invasion organisms substances invaders body bacteria viruses protozoa harmful microorganisms body reacts transplants concern immunology scientists learned body defenses disease body system cells tissues fight invaders bacteria viruses harmful germs enter body cells tissues manufacture antibodies antibodies react chemically invaders destruction places antibodies produced shown left kind microorganism kind infectious disease polio viruses polio tetanus bacteria tetanus body produces special kind antibody fight kind microorganism antibodies person immune attack disease present diseases mumps chickenpox antibodies boosters needed diseases tetanus body remembers antibody small booster dose brings immunity high degree important discoveries enabled add body natural defenses disease researchers found weakened killed microorganisms production antibodies
area science called biofeedback researchers finding biofeedback techniques enable influence bodies feedback electronic machine persons learn raise lower blood pressure speed slow hearts learn influence functions body controlled autonomic nervous system autonomic nervous system part nervous system controls actions think actions breathing beating heart digesting food scientists believe biofeedback offers possibilities relieving kinds ailments include tension migraine headaches ulcers asthma heart disease emotional ups downs feel angry anxious fearful times feel depressed times mentally healthy person learned cope feelings able face everyday problems person mentally ill emotionally disturbed able cope stresses strains person angry fearful anxious cases person lose touch reality longer periods types mental illness variations type types psychosomatic disorders character personality problems neuroses psychoses psychosomatic disorders symptoms largely physical
helped choosing suitable job learn important recognize strengths weaknesses important account special interests abilities goals set job choices likely satisfying begin taking stock consider subjects enjoy school suppose mathematics lead sooner later explore jobs involve skills background mathematics jobs consider store cashier bank teller bookkeeper pay roll clerk surveyor computer operator accountant mathematics teacher scientist enjoy english want investigate jobs teacher salesperson lawyer writer editor interest mechanical arts shop lead satisfying job master mechanic construction worker factors influence person success satisfaction job interest important idea special interests hobbies furnish clues jobs want explore suppose tinker electric equipment decide explore jobs electrical engineer construction electrician radio tv repair worker interest artistic activities suggest jobs architect photographer display designer fashion designer interior decorator beautician
important thing help future try maintain health frequent absences due illness handicap progress school later frequent absences getting ahead job absences lose job course person steady competent worker rarely penalized misses illness person job illness considered poor job risk worker unusual talent apt overcome job difficulties brought poor health physical health important job asset want healthy possibly try develop skill sport requires physical activity muscular coordination engage sport promote physical fitness consider sport enjoy lifetime walking activity ages bicycling tennis golf swimming chart page reviews major steps involved maintaining physical health steps regular exercise help physically fit strength endurance need play hard tiring quickly adequate diet essential physical health
makes person certainly part body body physical traits body build skin color part mind thoughts feelings things called mental traits social traits traits ways health physical mental social traits parts health important related ways body appearance pimples worry worried find hard eat total health depend balance physical mental social believe knowing help achieve total health things affect person health person traits passed parents traits person heredity heredity includes things color eyes shape head ability learn basically person heredity changed person limit health changed received heredity traits received heredity improved
knowledge attitudes decisions important act determines quality health act things behavior health behaviors ways act things health stated earlier person generally makes decisions reaching keeping high level health feel matters affect health things affect health health think things week sleep clean teeth exercise bathe things week affected physical health help improve physical health health practices making medical help needed times able help improve health stay home steps spreading germs cold seriously ill call doctor nurse help flu shots urge follow practices things help physical health physical health behavior affects physical health affects mental social health ignore problems school friends try find ways solve
families needs common families differ ways meet needs order help meet need companionship members families things families things family members families depend help solve problems members families depend help solve problems families differ ways meet needs families differ ways meet needs thing affects health nearly families communication takes place members family family seldom praise accomplishments person family shouts feels angry relationships family members affected listens problems ways communication family members affect relationships family members try communicate openly honestly problems arise differences things ages interests abilities family members conflicts sensitive feelings needs family members help problems arise
records show accidents fourth leading death united states heart disease cancer stroke deaths united states accidents generally felt accidents prevented acted safety mind accidents place felt injuries resulting accidents prevented knew accident occurs accidents occur resulting injuries cases falls accidents require prompt action called emergencies accident results injury emergencies faced dealt emergencies order prepared emergencies need things things grouped heading aid aid generally temporary care person injured removed splinter skin washed bandaged cut finger helped person broken bone saved person drowning helped person took poison helped stopped breathing helped fire actions mentioned aid examples aid think
mentioned emergencies result injuries injury resulting emergency broken bone broken bone called fracture fractured bone broken bone hurt broken bone broken broken bone ask knew immediately bone broken able tell bone broken easy reason fact normal signs symptoms broken bone felt seen breaks bones obvious pain swelling change skin color signs felt seen person involved aware injury fact person weeks broken bone takes tissues surrounding broken bone show effects break think effects determining break bone easy doctor times determining broken bone fairly easy times involve break bone called compound fracture look picture page broken bone cuts skin compound fracture
hundreds diseases known today diseases part group known infectious diseases part group known diseases diseases common cold german measles examples infectious diseases hemophilia cerebral palsy examples diseases think determine diseases infectious differences infectious diseases main difference infectious diseases known caused living things organisms organisms seen naked eye seen aid microscope hand known diseases fact diseases known passed parents children heredity actual diseases unknown think important disease known major difference infectious diseases spread infectious diseases spread easily person person organisms diseases carried infected animals insects food water air organisms spread healthy causing infected diseases hand known passed heredity
stated earlier chapter acute conditions suddenly person things help prevent acute conditions appearing things thing person help prevent acute conditions try high level physical health person high level physical health likely bothered problems lead acute conditions suppose person ate properly exercised doctors believe person likely develop hardening arteries stroke person follow practices ways think high level physical health help prevent acute conditions high level mental social health help person prevent acute conditions instance person trouble adapting pressures living getting feel nervous worried feelings help problems high blood pressure doctors believe person high blood pressure greater chance heart attack person high blood pressure ways person level mental social health help prevent acute conditions field medicine
word diet mean mean losing weight gaining weight mean actually word diet mean losing weight gaining weight diet mean foods regularly eat regularly eat foods food groups proper amounts eating balanced diet need balanced diet healthy need eat amount food amount food person needs food groups depends things things include age size sex amount daily exercise looking daily food guide page recommended daily amounts food children teen agers adults older adults notice children teen agers generally need servings food group adults think average height increasing steadily hundreds today generally inches taller fourteenth century scientists able explain increase height suggested nutrition increase today generally nutrition fourteenth century think reasons fact scientists suggested nutrition plays part increase height able prove nutrition important ways
apple keeps doctor toast fewer calories bread children need drink milk butter calories margarine honey fattening foods high proteins low calories vitamins vitamins heard statements things believe nutrition statements false false statements nutrition known think believe statements nutrition true nutrition influenced choice food hundreds passed parents children nutrition sense today formed reasons developed explain understood developed protection eat fish milk meal ago refrigerators developed foods milk fish spoiled easily foods spoiled unhealthy person ate easily develop food poisoning milk fish spoiled unhealthy ate chances developing food poisoning double nutrition think believing statements harmful person health
fooled person pretends doctor quack posing doctor testimonial promises cure disease diseases special machine medicine says medicine secret formula quack say operations rays drugs harm unfortunately real doctors give fact doctors generally advertise fooled quacks today doctors ways quacks dress act doctors office clinic diplomas hanging wall show finished medical school machines office clinic diplomas machines quack office fakes quack license practice medicine think tell difference quack doctor thought quack heard health sandals radium belts magic crushed rocks creams draw cancer rubbed body examples kinds quack products spend money products part kinds quackery known today kinds exist health problems solved
aspirin coffee cough syrup cola marihuana alcohol ways think products similar ways products listed drugs substances drugs surprise find products listed drug ways drugs effects drugs questions drugs generally drug substance food air water germs affect person drug caffeine coffee help perk person addition drugs substances drugs mentioned think medicines drugs helpful ways think drugs helpful medicines common drugs relieve pain history shows drugs try relieve pain today doctors suggest aspirin purpose thought aspirin pain relievers affects nervous system nervous system brain spinal cord nerves sensitive pain pain relievers think doctors suggest oldest drugs treating health problems drugs quinine help fight germs malaria diseases drugs calm mental problems
brought chapter drugs slow activity parts body drugs speed stimulate activity parts body drugs amphetamines drugs stimulate activity parts body called stimulants kinds stimulants amphetamines commonly abused amphetamines similar hormone found large amounts body person excited drugs effects similar person excited amphetamines stimulate nervous system breathing heartbeat blood flow digestive system speeded doctors prescribe amphetamines problems including fatigue mild depression overweight think drugs helpful problems mentioned abuse amphetamines reasons depend help stay awake periods person advice doctor feel extra peppy high reasons think abuse amphetamines abuse amphetamines drugs psychological dependency amphetamines physical dependency physical risks abusing drugs instance person large amount amphetamines act mean dizzy things real
yesterday afternoon set misty cold half mind spend study fire wading heath mud wuthering heights coming dinner dine twelve clock housekeeper matronly lady fixture house comprehend request served mounting stairs lazy intention stepping room saw servant girl knees surrounded brushes coal scuttles raising infernal dust extinguished flames heaps cinders spectacle drove immediately took hat miles walk arrived heathcliff garden gate escape feathery flakes snow shower bleak hill top earth hard black frost air shiver limb unable remove chain jumped running flagged causeway bordered straggling gooseberry bushes knocked vainly admittance till knuckles tingled dogs howled wretched inmates ejaculated mentally deserve perpetual isolation species door barred don care resolved grasped latch shook vehemently vinegar faced joseph projected head round window barn
leading upstairs recommended hide candle noise master odd notion chamber put let lodge willingly asked reason answered lived queer goings begin curious stupefied curious fastened door glanced round bed furniture consisted chair clothes press large oak case squares cut top resembling coach windows approached structure looked inside perceived singular sort fashioned couch conveniently designed obviate necessity member family room fact formed closet ledge window enclosed served table slid panelled sides light pulled felt secure vigilance heathcliff ledge candle mildewed books piled corner covered writing scratched paint writing repeated kinds characters large small catherine earnshaw varied catherine heathcliff catherine linton
vain weather cocks determined hold independent social intercourse thanked stars length lighted spot impracticable weak wretch maintaining till dusk struggle low spirits solitude finally compelled strike colours pretence gaining information concerning necessities establishment desired mrs dean brought supper sit ate hoping sincerely prove regular gossip rouse animation lull sleep talk lived considerable commenced say sixteen eighteen sir mistress married wait died master retained housekeeper ensued pause gossip feared affairs interest studied interval fist knee cloud meditation ruddy countenance ejaculated ah times greatly changed yes remarked seen alterations suppose troubles turn talk landlord family thought subject start pretty girl widow history native country probable exotic surly recognise kin
entered oaths dreadful hear caught act stowing son kitchen cupboard impressed wholesome terror encountering wild beast fondness madman rage ran chance squeezed kissed death flung fire dashed wall poor thing remained perfectly quiet chose put found cried pulling skin neck dog heaven hell sworn murder child help satan swallow carving knife nelly laugh crammed kenneth head marsh want kill rest till don carving knife answered cutting red herrings shot damned law england hinder keeping house decent mine abominable open mouth held knife hand pushed point teeth part afraid vagaries
dark evening summer clouds appeared inclined thunder sit approaching rain bring home trouble catherine persuaded tranquillity wandering fro gate door agitation permitted repose length took permanent situation side wall road heedless growling thunder drops began splash remained calling intervals listening crying outright beat child passionate fit crying midnight sat storm rattling heights full fury violent wind thunder split tree corner building huge bough fell roof knocked portion east chimney stack sending clatter stones soot kitchen fire thought bolt fallen middle joseph swung knees beseeching lord remember patriarchs noah lot times spare righteous smote felt sentiment judgment jonah mind earnshaw shook handle den ascertain living
took post urn miss isabella summoned bell handed chairs forward left room meal endured ten minutes catherine cup filled eat drink edgar slop saucer scarcely swallowed mouthful guest stay evening hour longer asked departed wuthering heights answered earnshaw invited called morning earnshaw invited called earnshaw pondered sentence painfully turning bit hypocrite coming country mischief cloak mused bottom heart remained middle night awakened nap mrs linton gliding chamber taking seat bedside pulling hair rouse rest ellen apology want living creature company happiness edgar sulky glad thing interest refuses open mouth utter silly speeches affirmed cruel selfish wishing talk sick sleepy sick cross
surveyed weapon inquisitively hideous notion struck powerful possessing instrument took hand touched blade looked astonished expression face assumed horror covetousness snatched pistol jealously shut knife returned concealment don care tell put guard watch terms danger shock heathcliff asked wronged warrant appalling hatred wouldn wiser bid quit house thundered earnshaw offer leave dead persuade attempt murderess lose chance retrieval beggar damnation gold blood hell soul ten times blacker guest acquainted ellen master habits clearly verge madness night shuddered thought servant ill bred comparatively agreeable moody walk raised latch escaped kitchen
soon perused master informed sister arrived heights letter expressing sorrow mrs linton situation ardent desire wish transmit early token forgiveness forgiveness linton forgive ellen call wuthering heights afternoon say angry sorry lost especially think happy question going eternally divided wish oblige let persuade villain married leave country won write note sir asked imploringly answered needless communication heathcliff family sparing mine exist edgar coldness depressed exceedingly grange puzzled brains put heart repeated soften refusal lines console isabella dare say watch morning saw looking lattice garden causeway nodded drew afraid observed
twelve clock night born catherine saw wuthering heights puny months child hours mother died recovered sufficient consciousness miss heathcliff edgar distraction bereavement subject painful dwelt effects showed deep sorrow sunk addition eyes left heir bemoaned gazed feeble orphan mentally abused linton natural partiality securing estate daughter son infant poor thing wailed cared morsel hours existence redeemed neglect beginning friendless end likely morning bright cheerful doors stole softened blinds silent room suffused couch occupant mellow tender glow edgar linton head laid pillow eyes shut young fair features form fixed hush exhausted anguish perfect peace brow smooth lids closed lips wearing expression smile angel heaven beautiful appeared infinite calm lay mind holier frame gazed untroubled image divine rest
obviate danger threat fulfilled linton commissioned boy home early catherine pony influence destiny bad say daughter associate remain ignorance proximity restless anxious visit heights merely tell father suddenly obliged leave linton reluctant roused bed clock astonished informed prepare travelling softened matter stating going spend father heathcliff wished defer pleasure till recover late journey father cried strange perplexity mamma told father live stay uncle lives distance grange replied hills walk hearty glad home try love mother love heard asked linton
sad cathy rose high glee eager join cousin passionate tears lamentations news departure edgar obliged soothe affirming soon added hopes promise poorly pacified potent intervals enquired father linton return features waxed dim memory recognize chanced encounter housekeeper wuthering heights paying business visits ask young master lived secluded catherine seen gather continued weak health tiresome inmate heathcliff dislike longer worse took trouble conceal antipathy sound voice sitting room minutes seldom passed talk linton learnt lessons spent evenings small apartment called parlour lay bed constantly getting coughs colds aches pains sort
summer drew end early autumn past michaelmas harvest late fields linton daughter frequently walk reapers carrying sheaves stayed till dusk evening happening chill damp master caught bad cold settled obstinately lungs confined indoors winter nearly intermission poor cathy frightened romance considerably sadder duller abandonment father insisted reading taking exercise companionship longer esteemed duty supply lack mine inefficient substitute spare hours numerous diurnal occupations follow footsteps society obviously desirable afternoon october beginning november fresh watery afternoon turf paths rustling moist withered leaves cold blue sky half hidden clouds dark grey streamers rapidly mounting west abundant rain requested young lady forego ramble showers refused unwillingly donned cloak took umbrella accompany stroll bottom park formal walk generally affected low spirited invariably edgar worse ordinary thing known confession guessed increased silence melancholy countenance
september invited moors friend north journey abode unexpectedly fifteen miles ostler roadside public house holding pail water refresh horses cart green oats newly reaped passed remarked yon nah re wick folk wi ther harvest repeated residence locality grown dim dreamy ah happen fourteen mile er th hills rough road answered sudden impulse seized visit grange scarcely noon conceived pass night roof inn spare easily arrange matters landlord save trouble invading neighbourhood rested awhile directed servant enquire village fatigue beasts managed distance hours left proceeded valley grey church looked greyer lonely churchyard lonelier distinguished moor sheep cropping short turf graves sweet warm weather warm travelling heat hinder enjoying delightful scenery seen nearer august sure tempted waste month solitudes
morrow monday earnshaw unable follow ordinary remaining house speedily found impracticable retain charge heretofore downstairs garden seen cousin performing easy bid breakfast saw persuaded clear large space ground currant gooseberry bushes busy planning importation plants grange terrified devastation accomplished half hour black currant trees apple joseph eye fixed choice flower bed midst shown master exclaimed minute discovered excuse offer taking liberties garden fine explosion head don wonder wit mess bidding forgotten joseph answered earnshaw puzzled tell ate meals heathcliff held mistress post making tea carving indispensable table catherine sat stole nearer presently saw discretion friendship hostility
days evening heathcliff shunned meeting meals consent formally exclude cathy aversion yielding completely feelings choosing absent eating twenty hours sufficient sustenance night family bed heard stairs front door hear reenter morning found april weather sweet warm grass green showers sun dwarf apple trees southern wall full bloom breakfast catherine insisted bringing chair sitting fir trees end house beguiled perfectly recovered accident dig arrange garden shifted corner influence joseph complaints spring fragrance beautiful soft blue overhead young lady run gate procure primrose roots border returned half laden informed heathcliff coming spoke added perplexed countenance say asked told begone fast answered looked usual look stopped moment stare
vote process young americans think democrats republicans independents process young political values attitudes called political socialization political interest begins forming children age young teens political knowledge political values fairly developed major source political values attitudes family study study shown half united states voters share party affiliation parents change party affiliation lifetimes parents impart children political values party affiliation attitudes big role government play economic affairs ideas united states defense policy attitudes candidates political office readily passed parent child process referred intergenerational transfer sources political values family schools churches strong influence friends coworkers impart political ideas voters influenced job experiences professional associations regional differences impact voter political values fact sources political ideas values society citizens cross pressured learned parents political opinion business labor union urging completely political opinion friends church suggesting opinion big part adult american society learning live cross pressures choices political values presented
things excite unite city entire sports team climbing top millions country grow rooting home team riding crest emotion team wins championship sharing disappointment addition emotional energy sports team generates significant type support money sports enterprises produce enormous amounts tax revenues cities states located team pays significant tax dollars gate receipts related revenue individual players earning astronomical salaries pay income taxes sports teams create numerous related businesses parking lots sporting goods stores food concessions generate tax revenues finally cities stadiums arenas sports teams play revenues earned renting leasing facilities effect devastating team decides leave city fans supported emotionally fans feel betrayed abandoned proud area financially tens millions annual tax dollars lost team moves city decided sitting idly team planned relocate fight effort oakland raiders football team decided facilities city sufficient team needs prepared move los faced losing lucrative enterprises city oakland began condemnation proceedings city attempted condemn team retain oakland public condemnation proceedings known law eminent domain decide issues regarding tangible property
major theories governments force theory theory holds governments organized person group persons conquered territory forced living territory submit institutions created collect part produced conquerors force theory suggests governments essentially coercive instruments asserting authority person group entire society theory origin government incremental theory theory holds government developed gradually step step small increments beginning family primitive family cases husband father head united families relatives mutual protection cooperatively survive older males group older males leader order decision making easier settle disputes number families involved grew larger government progressively larger formalized incremental theory suggests governments voluntary willingly formed governments cooperative nature order social defend common purposes theories force theory incremental theory correct likely places governments formed voluntarily imposed conquerors primitive forms government provided male leadership number societies pueblo indians southwestern united states power held women
agreed add bill rights constitution framers identified rights important belonged original part constitution constitution writ habeas corpus citizens times rebellion national invasion writ habeas corpus order court official person custody writ orders official bring prisoner court show judge prisoner detained judge finds prisoner held unlawfully judge order release prisoner existence writ habeas corpus police court officials routinely hold preliminary hearings shortly suspected criminal arrested charged crime preliminary hearing held hours suspect custody police prosecuting attorneys convince judge sufficient evidence continue incarceration suspect hearing held suspect lawyer file writ habeas corpus require hearing held immediately founders historical reasons putting writ habeas corpus constitution ancient times middle ages kings government rulers put opponents prison trial sort judicial hearing conveniently forget writ habeas corpus makes illegal incarceration intended unintended unlikely occur constitution prohibits national governments passing post facto laws
upper house parliament house lords composed mainly inherited titles days british aristocracy considerable power government today important part house lords specially appointed law lords serve british equivalent united states supreme court members lords hereditary peers receiving titles aristocratic parent peers serving lords lifetime peers pass honor house lords membership children modern times house lords limited power lords amend bills passed house commons amendments commons lords kill bill passed house commons commons pass bill session parliament law house lords approval house lords serve purpose house lords reviews legislation identify potential problems improvements house commons subsequently support members house lords attend working sessions working size house lords equal size united states senate members prime minister leader majority party house commons selects party members commons cabinet ministers heads executive departments british government
population united states approach million official census total population numbered million issue maintain orderly society depriving persons basic human rights freedoms influenced framework constitution result americans constitution guided fundamental beliefs laws rules intent rules govern margaret mead anthropologist spent major portion studying wide variety cultures especially south seas mead social scientists learned hand primitive societies understood need common group society required leader decision maker strongest person group looked leader societies larger complicated unwritten written rules essential governing rules laws help live relative peace laws determine extent conduct living urban highrise apartment building imagine rules governing noise adjacent apartments think happen speed limits set regulate traffic flow imagine consequences local federal governments provide schools libraries police fire protection health care services primitive peoples looked strongest leadership today society looks law government safety security protection
white house office important unit executive office president office management budget omb office largest executive office unit performs important functions president assists president drawing annual budget proposals managing bureaucracy recent director omb important presidential adviser omb began bureau budget treasury department result budget accounting act president required submit congress annual budget proposal entire government bureau budget created technical support agency assist president task creation executive office bureau transferred servant presidency federal budget responsibilities president grew size functions bureau budget helped president plan carry budget manage executive branch president nixon convinced congress bureau president managing government won approval plan give agency authority executive branch role reflected agency office management budget exchange increased power omb congress role choosing office director senate approve appointment omb director congress call director explain defend presidential budget proposals
united states grew size government expanded role enable government carry duties cabinet positions created nineteenth century early twentieth century early united states history federal government controlled extensive land areas states original lands central government constitution adopted united states expanded tracts federal lands added addition direction indian policy important duty meet conditons congress established department interior today responsible million acres federal land head secretary interior president main adviser conservation policy order carry responsibilities interior department subsidiary organizations devoted conservation land management important bureau land management bureau manages resources federal lands including timber rangeland oil gas authority lease exploration development federal lands continent outer continental shelf national park service department interior administers maintains national park system system includes recreational parks national historic sites restored historical areas area conservation bureau reclamation builds operates water projects reclaim arid semiarid lands projects supply water generate power develop areas recreation addition fish wildlife service protects increases fish wildlife population service maintains wildlife refuges fish hatcheries network wildlife law enforcement agents enforce federal laws concerning wildlife
history governments needed collect assess information citizens collection data called census ancient civilizations census dealt primarily facts concerning military operations information taxable wealth modern census asks information predecessors believed originated united states federal census occurred repeated required constitution basic intent collect information population order number congresspersons house representatives bureau census responsible accurate collection analysis publication types statistical data gathered data includes population age distribution vital statistics birth rates information regarding commercial activities material gathered large number surveys conducted individual states federal agencies private groups statistical data provided bureau analyzed trends public private interest groups bar graphs shown illustrate division population age groups graphs called distribution graphs axis represents age groups data divided vertical axis number age group million age group distribution graph composed series bars graph called distribution common draw distribution graph form lines connecting top bar
politically active members public interest groups participate order concentrate efforts major concerns concerns include saving wilderness improving schools attracting industry community eliminating wasteful spending government education individuals likely belong public interest groups generally true families higher income greater social status strong middle class representation public interest group participation quarter adult americans belonged interest group individual belonged interest group likely church related organization members labor unions likely belong types organizations percent adults accounted group memberships reported national survey national opinion research center successful large organizations provide members benefits benefits include friendship fellowship interesting programs contacts important job opportunities recreation interesting publications important information expert assistance types problems organizations offer members group insurance policies discount rates interesting group travel opportunities public interest groups vehicles letting steam members find outlet expressing personal frustration part group find easier attention response governments politicians public protests attract build group memberships organization going occupations professions belong organization order hold job
means legislative process carried direction federal government takes setting policy influenced major participants prominence leading government figure president plays key role establishing public policy president senior members executive branch present legislative agenda congress contributor legislative process congress independently formulate legislative policy president congress interact seek agreement compromise executive branch congress essential agreement item public policy closely formulate legislation needed contributor legislative process special interest groups representatives groups communicate members congress try influence government officials support special interests matters public policy fourth organized contributor legislative process public interest groups organizations based wide range issues formed general public groups methods bring opinions attention congress president significant means public groups influence legislative process occurs election results national local elections show electorate feels issues government policies practice promised candidates office careful attention voting patterns analyzed find mood strength public interest issue policy trends determined studies major items government focuses attention
pretense friendship soviet union western allies britain prime winston churchill established tone relationship famous iron curtain speech fulton missouri march iron curtain descended continent line subject form soviet influence high measure control moscow unlike hot shooting wars past post war ii america preparing bitter struggle soviet communism cold war superpowers compete areas beliefs economics culture engage proxies conflicts task suggesting sense direction american foreign policy fell george kennan foreign policy adviser president truman american ambassador soviet union prescription dealing soviets carried article assumed kennan argued engage soviets direct military force dangerous methods warfare significantly changed atomic weapons united states concern soviet expansion present borders waiting period united states improve military capacity containment policy proved basic ingredient america post war foreign policy marshall plan succeeded providing needed capital reconstruction european industry served provide basis unity future invasions soviet union containment unity needed
believed vikings led leif erikson visited maine french explorers traveled region hundred english arrived early built virginia boat built english colonists land maine early history shaped opposing french english claims land resulting conflicts french efforts rule region ended treaty paris maine entered union free terms missouri compromise maine country easterly known miles rugged coastline contoured thousands bays coves inlets forests cover fifths lakes ponds dot landscape chief rivers maine highest peak mt katahdin feet place country rising sun maine capital city augusta pop portland largest city pop area forested maine important industry paper manufacturing makes type wood product including toothpicks leading products leather goods textiles potatoes valuable farm product eggs poultry cattle dairy products apples blueberries corn major sources farm income maine yearly lobster catch largest country maine legislature member senate member house members serve terms governer serves term maine members senate house representatives
francis drake gave england claim region american sea captain robert gray discovered major river named ship columbia american fur trader john jacob astor opened region settlement conflicting british american claims resolved treaty oregon territory created later hundreds americans midwest began migrating pacific northwest oregon trail western region oregon coast ranges cascade mountains fertile willamette river valley wedged area lush vegetation extensive rain forests high peaks highest mt hood rising feet east snake river columbia plateau capital salem pop largest city portland pop oregon eighth country timber forestry valuable industry agriculture ranks farm income led cattle dairy products wheat snap beans pears nuts greenhouse nursery stock oregon natural wonders ensure thriving tourist industry legislative assembly senate members serving term house members serving term governor serves term oregon senators representatives henry hudson entered delaware bay dutch swedish pioneers established settlements area seized english william penn quaker founded colony pennsylvania refuge religious persecution named philadelphia capital colony leading american city served nation capital
explorer jean landed green bay establishing france claim region british gained possession later british passed act wisconsin part province quebec canada britain ceded area united states revolutionary war retained actual control war lead miners poured region population soared early settlers later farmers rapid economic expansion led statehood northern wisconsin heavily forested region hundreds lakes altitudes range feet nearly feet lakes plains east border lake michigan area richest agricultural region mississippi river forms western border main navigable river major inland river wisconsin lakes superior michigan provide miles shoreline madison capital city pop milwaukee largest city pop wisconsin country leading milk cheese producer ranks high production hay silage corn beans beets peas cranberries chief industrial products transportation equipment machinery processed food paper beer lumbering important industry wisconsin kinds woods aspen elm oak maple fir tourism major economic importance wisconsin legislature senators serving term assembly members serving term governor serves term wisconsin senators representatives
meaningful classifications government based number persons part governing process basic forms consider dictatorships democracies power govern held person held small group dictatorship exists oldest doubt common form government known history dictatorships authoritarian governmental systems power hold absolute unchallengeable authority modern dictatorships tended totalitarian exercise dictatorial authoritarian power aspect human affairs power embraces totality matters human concern examples dictatorship century existed fascist italy nazi germany exist soviet union present dictatorial regime established republic china dictatorship power dictatorships uncommon unknown uganda government ago classic dada seized control east african immediately proclaimed country president ruled harsh autocratic absolute unlimited hand government finally overturned armies tanzania dictatorships dominated small tight knit group soviet union leader mikhail dictator course fact act approval members executive council central committee communist party ussr
convention began members agreed publish deliberations wanted free reach decisions pressure public opinion fortunately james madison detailed record debates compromises reached worked constitution selection madison notes delegates debate question representation congress moved write executive informing business depending convention nature require attendance deputies understood object add states opposed doctrine proportional representation presumed relative size adverse patterson seconded motion motion resumed allowing equal vote ye branch gentlemen connecticut supposing secured majority branch removed objections equality votes branch security minority narrowed case extremely equality enable minority cases whatsoever sentiments interests majority states states according estimates composed power question happen divide states manner forget forming government imaginary beings called states
national government government delegated powers powers delegated granted constitution distinct types delegated powers expressed implied inherent powers expressed powers delegated national government words spelled expressly constitution found article section separate clauses powers expressly congress include power lay collect taxes coin money regulate foreign interstate commerce raise maintain armed forces declare war fix standards weights measures grant patents things note powers set constitution article ii section powers president include power act commander chief armed forces grant pardons treaties major federal officeholders article iii grants judicial power united states supreme court courts federal judiciary expressed powers found amendments constitution amendment congress power levy income tax implied powers expressly stated constitution reasonably implied powers constitutional basis implied powers found expressed powers article section clause congress proper power
martin luther king jr born atlanta georgia january heritage deep religious faith activism father maternal grandfather king baptist minister king education marked enthusiasm learn achieve took liberal arts degree morehouse college degree theological seminary ph theology boston university period king married pastor dexter avenue baptist church montgomery alabama king rose national prominence organized boycott break jim crow bus laws alabama economic pressure king house bombed resulted supreme court ruling declared separate equal law unconstitutional early point king career philosophy improving race relations situation blacks developed borrowing religious upbringing beliefs thoreau gandhi assessment political climate country king believe progress equality direct nonviolent action masses minister political career accelerated formed southern christian leadership conference atlanta pastor father ebenezer baptist church atlanta king lectured south encouraged individuals break segregation laws king jailed birmingham alabama launching major campaign segregation city march washington antidiscrimination voter registration drives ensuing rewarded passage civil rights acts voting rights act
civil war signaled beginning era nearly republicans supported business financial interests farmers laborers newly freed blacks dominate national scene democrats crippled war able survive mainly hold solid south balance century slowly rebuilt electoral base able place candidate white house grover cleveland elections marked short breaks republican supremacy riding crest popular acceptance unprecedented prosperity gop remained dominant party century election especially critical development party system climaxed protest small businessmen farmers emerging labor unions big business financial monopolies railroads republicans regained presidency william mckinley able gather support segments electorate strength allowed majority role national politics decades democratic nominee william jennings bryan lost championed helped push nation party politics economic arena divisions sectionalism republicans suffered worst setback era renominated incumbent president william howard taft president theodore roosevelt denied nomination left party candidate bull moose progressive party republican support divided taft roosevelt democratic nominee woodrow wilson took presidency office narrow margin later
caucus method collapsed place convention national convention nominate presidential candidate held minor party masons met baltimore democrats newly formed whigs picked practice major party presidential nominations chosen conventions conventions major means making nominations level american politics paper convention process ideally suited representative government party members meet local caucus pick candidates local offices select delegates represent county convention county convention delegates nominate candidates county offices select delegates rung convention ladder convention delegates county conventions pick party nominees governor wide offices conventions send delegates party national convention presidential vice presidential candidates chosen theory convention system party rank file membership passed representative levels practice soon pointed weaknesses theory party bosses found ways manipulate process playing selection delegates mainly local levels soon dominated entire system caliber conventions levels declined especially late low fell seen description cook county chicago convention
national legislature larger operation realize congress appropriated billion pay bills current fiscal huge sum million percent spent pay salaries members nearly million goes hire staff assistants members yearly postage bill runs million told congressional employees congress employs hundreds committee aids legislative administrative assistants office clerks secretaries guards maintenance personnel employee important workings congress constitution presiding officers house speaker house important influential member house representatives created constitution document commands post filled vote house beginning terms practical fact speaker leader majority party house chosen members party constitution rules require house chosen speaker members speaker longtime member risen stature influence service speaker elected session frederick federalist pennsylvania sam rayburn texas held office record days terms republicans controlled house sam speaker september death november
constitution congress power coin money regulate thereof states forbidden power revolution english money system built shilling pound general colonies independence stable currency system collapsed continental congress congress articles issued paper money sound backing taxing power money practically worthless states issued currency states amounted printing paper calling money compounding confusion english coins widely spanish money circulated freely southern states easy understand need uniform system nearly framers agreed need single national system hard money constitution gave currency power congress vital task national government provide uniform stable monetary system beginning united states issued coins gold silver metals congress chartered bank united states gave power issue bank notes notes paper money legal tender accept payment debt congress create national paper currency legal tender national notes known redeemed gold silver coin treasury worth fell half face open market
contribute political campaign answer plenty campaigns office school board presidency depend volunteers volunteer campaign workers carry tasks campaign going plan campaign knowing organized helpful candidate boss campaign organizations vary members likely part campaign campaign manager helps candidate develop strategy adviser schedules candidate appearances speaking engagements press secretary writes press releases candidate activities press release short article media publicize candidate press secretary makes sure press informed candidate fund raisers responsible obtaining money support campaign pay mailings political advertising travel treasurer keeps track campaign expenses revenue ensure federal campaign finance regulations strictly volunteer coordinators schedule recruit volunteers campaign candidates national local offices set campaign headquarters find campaign office close contact local party organization talk volunteer coordinator establish schedule working campaign kinds perform include office campaigns receive mail send mail letters written typed phones ring constantly answered asked enter information computer candidates lists supporters computer fund raising asked contact candidate supporters phone ask contributions
army largest armed services oldest american continental army united states army established continental congress june occurred declaration independence announced army essentially ground based force responsible military operations land primary mission twofold army ready defeat attack united states swift forceful action protect american interests part organize train equip active duty forces regular army reserve units army national guard army reserve purposes forces direct command army chief staff regular army nation standing army heart land forces strength women officers enlisted personnel professional soldiers volunteers women active duty today serve nearly regular army units excluded direct combat roles army combat units soldiers trained equipped fight enemy forces infantry takes holds defends land areas artillery supports infantry smashes enemy concentrations heavier guns cover armored cavalry supports infantry armored vehicles helicopters spearhead assaults oppose enemy units army provide services supplies soldiers combat organizations fight help troops soldiers engineer quartermaster signal transportation chemical military police finance medical corps
millions americans individually organized groups dramatically opposed sides question united states soviet union conclude mutually verifiable agreement halt development production deployment nuclear weapons support nuclear freeze believe continuing nuclear arms buildup superpowers greatly increases likelihood nuclear holocaust agree senator allan cranston calif freeze sooner later accident nuclear war happen involved says senator mark hatfield ore senseless race opponents freeze reject view argue nuclear weapons absolutely essential part policy policy prevented nuclear war advocates freeze support challenge need larger larger nuclear arsenals say united states soviet union acquired capacity destroy critics counter point claim soviet union larger nuclear arsenal freeze lock united states dangerously unequal vulnerable position president reagan agreed says freeze dangerous preserve today high unequal unstable levels nuclear forces religious leaders call freeze moral grounds condemn indiscriminate killing untold thousands innocent civilians inevitably occur nuclear weapons part critics argue moral questions raised behavior totalitarian communist regimes outweigh raised possession potential nuclear arms
fundamental law built principles popular sovereignty limited government constitution recognizes government exists consent operate closely defined bounds powers government divided executive legislative judicial branches branches powers restrain actions documents proclaims concepts separation powers checks balances expressly implication power judicial review document bill rights listing rights individuals hold officers agencies constitutions set guarantees found amendments national constitution documents number guarantees government safe imprisonment debt migrate organize labor unions bargain collectively constitution major part statement governmental organization constitution deals structure government local levels major variations largely terms detail matter treated follow national pattern providing broad outline cover subject governmental organization length specific detail constitutions deal powers processes government length powers vested governor elements executive branch legislature courts units local government treated detail
soviet union command economy greater extent european nations practice democratic socialism communist party officials tight grip soviet economy blueprints economy plans drawn agency known gosplan comes russian words agency formal planning committee planning process intricate drawn factory farm enterprise carefully calculates needs period factory estimates raw materials need goods able turn plans thousands enterprises move bureaucracy pass suitable government ministries modified finally top gosplan officials assemble plan plan sets amount money separate industry clothing truck making departments government run industry divide money allot amount business enterprise inform factory farm office raw materials receive expected produce period enterprise meet target known quota share target chief goal business managers meeting quotas making profits nearly areas economic activity soviet union subject plans theory plans allow government officials funnel economic resources industries geographical regions needed allow government mold economy desired directions letting grow
newspapers magazines published soviet union carry letters editor complaints registered quality quantity goods russian consumer anonymous letter appeared moscow youth newspaper pravda shortly successful launchings soviet rockets letter contained revealing comments written bad written making excuses praise landscaping carried writing sake say trying hand order express opinion reading hearing rocket launchings scientists launched rocket moon going dispute fact actually landed moon moon moon course important event stirred big fuss let look say side coin ask kind question rockets simple mortal including eve rocket launching debt rubles debt rubles spite successful launching craze cosmos untimely precisely premature mean say re necks earthly matters living space nursery schools goods expensive rocket don doubt eats money groan knew cost
yugoslavia eastern europe communist government public ownership means production yugoslavia command economy factories businesses generally owned managed committees elected workers prices set central planners market forces law supply demand result yugoslavia economic system dubbed market socialism yugoslavia communism developed variety historical reasons thing yugoslavia resisted soviet political domination pulled soviet bloc separate language groups yugoslavia establish rigidly centralized government republics autonomous regions making yugoslavia retain measure rule region communist party jealous rights regional leaders want central government powerful central government draw plan plan serves guide rigid blueprint business enterprise sets prices buys raw materials makes marketing arrangements yugoslav agriculture largely private control china communist party rule communist government tried erase traces capitalism created rigid command economy soviet style period room private enterprise situation lasted death communist leader mao communist leader deng xiaoping gained control deng china economy government reversed collectivization agriculture allowing return private farming took steps decentralize chinese industry allow role market forces setting prices
settlers america indians native americans indian christopher columbus landed americas mistaken belief found western route india today members group refer native americans settle americas scientists believe indians originally asia traveled boats america alaska aleutian islands groups sled ice winter scientists say asian peoples moved southward north south america knows exact number indians lived americas columbus anthropologists estimated number million united states indians helped europeans survive arrived land assistance european settlers perished black arrived america colony jamestown virginia hundreds thousands black slaves brought africa west indies southern colonies large plantations blacks immigrants europeans settlers course choose america cleared land worked fields significant contribution development america today descendants free women continue enrich american cultural contributions
let differences opinion republic suppose class raised washing cars saturdays class members want spend money buy books school library think money spent trip class class holds meeting say money comes hard class spend school finally vote side loses sixteen votes twelve money library trip told citizen accept majority accept decision convinced wrong accept decision necessarily majority voted decided democratic procedure democratic procedure parts actual vote government part respected class held open debate allowed free speech allowed express opinion students expressed ideas persons changed minds important part democratic process permit ideas opinions presented minority opposed majority opportunity give reasons ideas purpose free speech debate help minds atmosphere fairness differences debated respect minority opinions democratic process equal treatment sides debate voting
citizens trouble persuading capable honest persons candidates office election public officials government republic citizens voters political party choosing begin precinct level watching polls prevent election fraud participate ways involved citizens act insure government government responsibility interested governmental activities demand elect local national governments manage branch government efficiently andrew jackson president managed united states government able pay national debt history jackson able believed nation thrifty family live means message congress jackson wrote powers federal government liable abuse taxing power today goal balance federal budget level citizens want governments live means watching governments spend money citizen complain person aware fact benefits received government benefits furnished free expect police fire protection highways schools willing pay citizen things received taxes paid weigh pays
states didn give powers federal government gave powers branch government article constitution lists powers congress article ii lists powers president article iii lists powers federal courts finally article vi establishes importance powers article states federal powers supreme law land means federal government power power authority power areas government constitution powers federal government constitution lists government bill rights concerned government amendment bill rights says powers federal government reserved states states powers federal government means kinds governmental authority united states delegated powers delegated states federal government reserved powers reserved held states finally concurrent powers powers held states federal government groups powers demonstrate federalism works united states planned constitution knew federalism lead conflicts arguments arise power delegated reserved government controlling influence conflict concurrent powers
government village town city called municipal government local governmental units needed special problems solved community level governing town city called municipality laws determine form government municipalities grants city charter defines city authority govern kinds government common cities united states mayor council plan commission plan city manager plan mayor council plan government oldest common form mayor chief officer city compared governor mayor council plan laws city city council laws passed council called ordinances distinguish laws congress legislatures mayor council plan city divided sections called wards wards elects represent cities elect large city opportunity vote candidate city council cities members council called aldermen ordinances passed city council signed mayor law cities mayor council type government strong mayor weak mayor weak mayor system mayor authority veto ordinances mayor limited making appointments council exercises power strong mayor government mayor powerful veto power council pass ordinances veto
sam mary met ross learn campaign experience ross ago ran campaign decided posters look speeches radio tv maybe lost laughed candidates run campaign continued lot politics elections inexperienced guess didn job anyway decided differently decided hire professional manager meet talking bob kane campaign manager ross running campaigns candidates spends days week mary asked mean say hired kane signed agreements replied ross contract says pay manage campaign told didn money kane agreed owe money pay management agreement says campaign decide going say issues bob kane won give opinion issues try influence thinking person ross continued agreement say bob kane tell issue tell speak issue tell issues emphasize important
firms control minimum wage law law applies regardless young workers firms involved trade states separate states passed minimum wage laws firms forced pay workers amount business told representative didn believe teenagers valuable earn minimum wage didn experience representative returned washington talked members congress reading studying minimum wage law representative introduced bill bill introduced representative stated twenty age employed firms minimum wage law legally receive minimum wage paid rate agreed employer rate equal minimum wage introduced bill referred committee house special study representative knew bill committees labor public welfare committee affect labor wages interstate foreign commerce committee change law concerning interstate trade representative knew members chairmen committees thought interstate foreign commerce committee favor law talked speaker house convinced send committee
delegates original constitutional convention foresee president directly elected votes today constitution written nations ruled kings queens inherited offices accustomed electing national officials members constitutional convention wanted president chosen representatives thought congress elect president thought governors legislators choosing plans considered involved ways representatives select president debate constitutional convention compromised adopting electoral system appoint manner legislature thereof direct number electors equal number senators representatives entitled congress senator representative person holding office trust profit united states appointed elector representatives senators congress add total ten members congress equals number electors chosen voters entire group electors chosen states select president called electoral college word college sense usual meaning place higher education older meaning group organized perform duty electoral college duty elect president vice president
president makes rules decisions enforcing laws decisions carried congress approves congress dislikes president limit check presidential powers areas suppose congress passed bill giving president power spend money disaster relief program congress president spending money refuse permit money spent program changed congress limit president enforces law stating exactly president carry law prohibiting things law put effect congress pass law period end congress review rules president enforcing law change rules wish congress stop president acting direct president act court system judicial branch government limit president power declare president action unconstitutional president powers limited judicial legislative branches government president turn limit powers branches branch government check balance powers system checks balances ensures branch gain power branch acts check actions powers granted constitution
things courts give impression dignity wisdom supreme court building washington courthouses impressive solemn sights unlike president members congress governor judges wear traditional black robes robes worn judges hundreds symbols remind court need conduct wisdom traits important job courts bill rights important safeguard liberties courts important job seeing inherent rights protected job courts provide justice fair hearing law live disputes differences arise order settle problems governments set laws rules job courts questions laws settled hearings rules interpret fair manner part everyday games contests rules follow teams meet game referee umpire belongs team person makes decisions concerning rules conduct players involved umpire rules impartial honest judge law fair sides judges lived early tribes chief judge kingdom king acted judge
trial federal court likely conducted federal district court lowest trial court federal system district court states district courts handle criminal cases person accused crime violates laws united states civil cases arising disputes handled federal law involved cases involve patents trademarks protections provided federal laws citizens live states involved dispute trial held federal courts court states live federal courts handle appeals appeal request case heard higher court person convicted crime court believes court wrong decision person ask trial court prosecutor appeal circumstances learned chapter person found innocent tried crime citizen appeal federal district court united states federal court appeals court called appellate court means reviews cases trial court called circuit courts eleven including district columbia resort citizen appeal supreme court united states nearly cases supreme court brought appeal lower federal courts
gideon wainwright rights contained fourth eighth amendments extended cover procedures courts case incorporates amendment clarence earl gideon charged florida court breaking entering intent commit misdemeanor offense breaking entering florida law gideon appeared court funds lawyer requested counsel appointed dialogue took place court gideon sorry appoint counsel represent case laws florida court appoint counsel represent defendant person charged capital offense sorry deny request appoint counsel defend case defendant united states supreme court says entitled represented counsel clarence gideon conducted defense law expected opening statement jury cross examined witnesses presented witnesses defense declined testify short closing argument emphasizing innocence jury found clarence earl gideon guilty judge sentenced prison gideon asked supreme court florida writ habeas corpus meaning show offense charged writ denied gideon began prison term prison gideon prepared submitted page petition asking united states supreme court review case gideon conviction violated due process clause fourteenth amendment
prepare future save put spending money future save part income month save reasons decide spend savings find amount put grown banks pay interest money deposited savings accounts money deposit bank interest bank pays money suppose hundred dollars savings account pays simple interest interest added account leave bank original amount principal let money end thirteen money doubled ways save savings accounts banks save plan money savings pay receive companies automatically money held payday pension fund worker retires pension fund continues pay person longer working company person saved amount money needed emergencies wish invest money money invested returns amount gained ordinary savings account buy shares stock corporations shares stock pay dividends amounting interest paid bank
learn interest charges sign contract buy car price car payment agree pay rest monthly payments later figure paid car figures agreed pay price car explanation obvious factors included cost interest twenty percent borrowed credit insurance costs combined equals difference readily noticed interest charge borrowing money credit insurance pay loan buyers died result car cost money borrowed case amount payment purchasers happens contract broken contract broken borrower fails payments agreed let assume purchasers bought things credit later found afford stopped making payments car broken contract lender write call avoid going court start payments court courts say contract broken owed remaining money pay sell household goods raise money
kinds places specific places natural places human places located space earth known layer living things exist layer surface earth geographers divided earth layer land water air portions land area called lithosphere water area called hydrosphere air portion called atmosphere size earth compared egg layer thinner egg shell layer interest geographers earth sphere shaped ball model globe globe geographers locate places layer order study locate places geographers series imaginary lines cover earth set lines runs vertically north pole south pole called lines longitude poles known meridians set lines crosses earth circling east west called lines latitude equal distance known parallels line longitude latitude identifying number numbers expressed terms degrees parts circle lines longitude numbered east west line called prime meridian england led countries exploration plan developed reason prime meridian selected run city greenwich england numbered degrees east prime meridian degrees west
geographers study enormous variety things earth surface studies regional topical method combination matter method geographers basic steps investigations basic steps geographic inquiry observing classifying defining contrasting comparing generalizing observing involves looking geographic interest record write observed count measure feature observed instance geographer interested animals living place record number observed month month basic step geographic inquiry classifying means put things alike categories step important defining means give meaning terms geographers describe earth parts avoid confusion similar definitions things true geographic inquiry everyday studying geography able understand meaning terms city mountain valley population density think happen thought meaning terms things defined classified compare contrast things suppose geographer looked areas earth surface classified urban areas
tides caused mainly gravitational pull moon earth pull water oceans bulge side nearest moon results bulge side directly opposite happens land areas bulge experience high tides sides earth experience low tides process continues earth spins axis places shoreline high tides low tides twenty hours difference depth water high tide low tide places landforms shoreline place place narrow bay fundy eastern coast canada highest tides reach feet meters thought ocean floor smooth plains plateaus known major landforms found land present ocean floor water mountains plains plateaus hills cases mountains break surface oceans forming islands hawaiian islands pacific ocean mountain chain stretches center atlantic ocean called mid atlantic ridge islands part ridge ridge extends tip africa link similar indian ocean turn connects pacific ocean oceans surround land portion earth lakes bodies fresh water surrounded land